25763772|t|DCTN4 as a modifier of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis
25763772|a|Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is associated with worse long-term pulmonary disease and shorter survival, and chronic Pa infection (CPA) is associated with reduced lung function, faster rate of lung decline, increased rates of exacerbations and shorter survival. By using exome sequencing and extreme phenotype design, it was recently shown that isoforms of dynactin 4 (DCTN4) may influence Pa infection in CF, leading to worse respiratory disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of DCTN4 missense variants on Pa infection incidence, age at first Pa infection and chronic Pa infection incidence in a cohort of adult CF patients from a single centre. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing were used to screen DNA samples for DCTN4 variants. A total of 121 adult CF patients from the Cochin Hospital CF centre have been included, all of them carrying two CFTR defects: 103 developed at least 1 pulmonary infection with Pa, and 68 patients of them had CPA. DCTN4 variants were identified in 24% (29/121) CF patients with Pa infection and in only 17% (3/18) CF patients with no Pa infection. Of the patients with CPA, 29% (20/68) had DCTN4 missense variants vs 23% (8/35) in patients without CPA. Interestingly, p.Tyr263Cys tend to be more frequently observed in CF patients with CPA than in patients without CPA (4/68 vs 0/35), and DCTN4 missense variants tend to be more frequent in male CF patients with CPA bearing two class II mutations than in male CF patients without CPA bearing two class II mutations (P = 0.06). Our observations reinforce that DCTN4 missense variants, especially p.Tyr263Cys, may be involved in the pathogenesis of CPA in male CF.
25763772	0	5	DCTN4	T116,T123	C4308010
25763772	23	63	chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection	T047	C0854135
25763772	67	82	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
25763772	83	120	Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection	T047	C0854135
25763772	124	139	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
25763772	141	143	CF	T047	C0010674
25763772	145	153	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	179	188	long-term	T079	C0443252
25763772	189	206	pulmonary disease	T047	C0024115
25763772	211	227	shorter survival	T169	C0220921
25763772	233	253	chronic Pa infection	T047	C0854135
25763772	255	258	CPA	T047	C0854135
25763772	279	300	reduced lung function	T033	C0847557
25763772	302	329	faster rate of lung decline	T033	C3160731
25763772	341	346	rates	T081	C1521828
25763772	350	363	exacerbations	T033	C4086268
25763772	368	384	shorter survival	T169	C0220921
25763772	395	411	exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
25763772	416	440	extreme phenotype design	T052	C1707689
25763772	469	477	isoforms	T116	C0597298
25763772	481	491	dynactin 4	T116,T123	C4308010
25763772	493	498	DCTN4	T116,T123	C4308010
25763772	514	526	Pa infection	T047	C0854135
25763772	530	532	CF	T047	C0010674
25763772	551	570	respiratory disease	T047	C0035204
25763772	592	597	study	T062	C2603343
25763772	605	616	investigate	T169	C1292732
25763772	629	634	DCTN4	T116,T123	C4308010
25763772	635	643	missense	T033	C3845273
25763772	644	652	variants	T116	C0597298
25763772	656	668	Pa infection	T047	C0854135
25763772	669	678	incidence	T081	C0021149
25763772	680	683	age	T032	C0001779
25763772	693	705	Pa infection	T047	C0854135
25763772	710	730	chronic Pa infection	T047	C0854135
25763772	731	740	incidence	T081	C0021149
25763772	746	752	cohort	T098	C0599755
25763772	756	761	adult	T100	C0001675
25763772	762	764	CF	T047	C0010674
25763772	765	773	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	788	794	centre	T073,T093	C0475309
25763772	796	821	Polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
25763772	826	843	direct sequencing	T063	C3899368
25763772	864	875	DNA samples	T026	C0444245
25763772	880	885	DCTN4	T116,T123	C4308010
25763772	886	894	variants	T116	C0597298
25763772	911	916	adult	T100	C0001675
25763772	917	919	CF	T047	C0010674
25763772	920	928	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	938	963	Cochin Hospital CF centre	T073,T093	C0019994
25763772	1009	1013	CFTR	T028	C1413365
25763772	1014	1021	defects	T169	C0243067
25763772	1048	1067	pulmonary infection	T047	C0876973
25763772	1073	1075	Pa	T007	C0033809
25763772	1084	1092	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	1105	1108	CPA	T047	C0854135
25763772	1110	1115	DCTN4	T116,T123	C4308010
25763772	1116	1124	variants	T116	C0597298
25763772	1157	1159	CF	T047	C0010674
25763772	1160	1168	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	1174	1186	Pa infection	T047	C0854135
25763772	1210	1212	CF	T047	C0010674
25763772	1213	1221	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	1230	1242	Pa infection	T047	C0854135
25763772	1251	1259	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	1265	1268	CPA	T047	C0854135
25763772	1286	1291	DCTN4	T116,T123	C4308010
25763772	1292	1300	missense	T033	C3845273
25763772	1301	1309	variants	T116	C0597298
25763772	1327	1335	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	1344	1347	CPA	T047	C0854135
25763772	1364	1375	p.Tyr263Cys	T116	C0597298
25763772	1415	1417	CF	T047	C0010674
25763772	1418	1426	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	1432	1435	CPA	T047	C0854135
25763772	1444	1452	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	1461	1464	CPA	T047	C0854135
25763772	1485	1490	DCTN4	T116,T123	C4308010
25763772	1491	1499	missense	T033	C3845273
25763772	1500	1508	variants	T116	C0597298
25763772	1537	1541	male	T032	C0086582
25763772	1542	1544	CF	T047	C0010674
25763772	1545	1553	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	1559	1562	CPA	T047	C0854135
25763772	1575	1593	class II mutations	T045	C0026882
25763772	1602	1606	male	T032	C0086582
25763772	1607	1609	CF	T047	C0010674
25763772	1610	1618	patients	T101	C0030705
25763772	1627	1630	CPA	T047	C0854135
25763772	1643	1661	class II mutations	T045	C0026882
25763772	1706	1711	DCTN4	T116,T123	C4308010
25763772	1712	1720	missense	T033	C3845273
25763772	1721	1729	variants	T116	C0597298
25763772	1742	1753	p.Tyr263Cys	T116	C0597298
25763772	1778	1790	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
25763772	1794	1797	CPA	T047	C0854135
25763772	1801	1805	male	T032	C0086582
25763772	1806	1808	CF	T047	C0010674

25847295|t|Nonylphenol diethoxylate inhibits apoptosis induced in PC12 cells
25847295|a|Nonylphenol and short-chain nonylphenol ethoxylates such as NP2 EO are present in aquatic environment as wastewater contaminants, and their toxic effects on aquatic species have been reported. Apoptosis has been shown to be induced by serum deprivation or copper treatment. To understand the toxicity of nonylphenol diethoxylate, we investigated the effects of NP2 EO on apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and copper by using PC12 cell system. Nonylphenol diethoxylate itself showed no toxicity and recovered cell viability from apoptosis. In addition, nonylphenol diethoxylate decreased DNA fragmentation caused by apoptosis in PC12 cells. This phenomenon was confirmed after treating apoptotic PC12 cells with nonylphenol diethoxylate, whereas the cytochrome c release into the cytosol decreased as compared to that in apoptotic cells not treated with nonylphenol diethoxylate s. Furthermore, Bax contents in apoptotic cells were reduced after exposure to nonylphenol diethoxylate. Thus, nonylphenol diethoxylate has the opposite effect on apoptosis in PC12 cells compared to nonylphenol, which enhances apoptosis induced by serum deprivation. The difference in structure of the two compounds is hypothesized to be responsible for this phenomenon. These results indicated that nonylphenol diethoxylate has capability to affect cell differentiation and development and has potentially harmful effect on organisms because of its unexpected impact on apoptosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1389-1398, 2016.
25847295	0	24	Nonylphenol diethoxylate	T131	C1254354
25847295	25	33	inhibits	T052	C3463820
25847295	34	43	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
25847295	44	51	induced	T169	C0205263
25847295	55	65	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
25847295	66	77	Nonylphenol	T131	C1254354
25847295	82	117	short-chain nonylphenol ethoxylates	T131	C1254354
25847295	126	132	NP2 EO	T131	C1254354
25847295	137	144	present	T033	C0150312
25847295	148	167	aquatic environment	T067	C0563034
25847295	171	181	wastewater	T069	C3494254
25847295	182	194	contaminants	T167	C2827365
25847295	206	219	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
25847295	223	238	aquatic species	T001	C0596121
25847295	259	268	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
25847295	290	297	induced	T169	C0205263
25847295	301	306	serum	T031	C0229671
25847295	307	318	deprivation	T080	C0871712
25847295	322	328	copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
25847295	329	338	treatment	T169	C1522326
25847295	358	366	toxicity	T080	C0040539
25847295	370	394	nonylphenol diethoxylate	T131	C1254354
25847295	416	426	effects of	T080	C1704420
25847295	427	433	NP2 EO	T131	C1254354
25847295	437	446	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
25847295	447	454	induced	T169	C0205263
25847295	458	463	serum	T031	C0229671
25847295	464	475	deprivation	T080	C0871712
25847295	480	486	copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
25847295	496	512	PC12 cell system	T025	C0085262
25847295	514	538	Nonylphenol diethoxylate	T131	C1254354
25847295	579	593	cell viability	T043	C0007620
25847295	599	608	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
25847295	623	647	nonylphenol diethoxylate	T131	C1254354
25847295	648	657	decreased	T081	C0205216
25847295	658	675	DNA fragmentation	T044	C0376669
25847295	686	695	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
25847295	699	709	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
25847295	716	726	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
25847295	747	755	treating	T169	C1522326
25847295	756	765	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
25847295	766	776	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
25847295	782	806	nonylphenol diethoxylate	T131	C1254354
25847295	820	832	cytochrome c	T116,T126	C0010749
25847295	850	857	cytosol	T026	C1383501
25847295	858	867	decreased	T081	C0205216
25847295	891	906	apoptotic cells	T025	C0007634
25847295	911	918	treated	T169	C1522326
25847295	924	948	nonylphenol diethoxylate	T131	C1254354
25847295	965	968	Bax	T116,T123	C0219474
25847295	969	977	contents	T077	C0456205
25847295	981	996	apoptotic cells	T025	C0007634
25847295	1002	1009	reduced	T080	C0392756
25847295	1016	1027	exposure to	T080	C0332157
25847295	1028	1052	nonylphenol diethoxylate	T131	C1254354
25847295	1060	1084	nonylphenol diethoxylate	T131	C1254354
25847295	1093	1108	opposite effect	T080	C1280500
25847295	1112	1121	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
25847295	1125	1135	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
25847295	1148	1159	nonylphenol	T131	C1254354
25847295	1167	1175	enhances	T052	C2349975
25847295	1176	1185	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
25847295	1186	1193	induced	T169	C0205263
25847295	1197	1202	serum	T031	C0229671
25847295	1203	1214	deprivation	T080	C0871712
25847295	1220	1230	difference	T080	C1705242
25847295	1234	1243	structure	T082	C0678594
25847295	1255	1264	compounds	T103	C0220806
25847295	1268	1280	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
25847295	1308	1318	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
25847295	1326	1333	results	T033	C2825142
25847295	1349	1373	nonylphenol diethoxylate	T131	C1254354
25847295	1378	1388	capability	T080	C2698977
25847295	1399	1419	cell differentiation	T043	C0007589
25847295	1424	1435	development	T039	C0243107
25847295	1444	1455	potentially	T080	C3245505
25847295	1456	1470	harmful effect	T037	C0600688
25847295	1474	1483	organisms	T001	C0029235
25847295	1510	1516	impact	T080	C4049986
25847295	1520	1529	apoptosis	T043	C0162638

26316050|t|Prevascularized silicon membranes for the enhancement of transport to implanted medical devices
26316050|a|Recent advances in drug delivery and sensing devices for in situ applications are limited by the diffusion -limiting foreign body response of fibrous encapsulation. In this study, we fabricated prevascularized synthetic device ports to help mitigate this limitation. Membranes with rectilinear arrays of square pores with widths ranging from 40 to 200 μm were created using materials (50 μm thick double-sided polished silicon) and processes (photolithography and directed reactive ion etching) common in the manufacturing of microfabricated sensors. Vascular endothelial cells responded to membrane geometry by either forming vascular tubes that extended through the pore or completely filling membrane pores after 4 days in culture. Although tube formation began to predominate overgrowth around 75 μm and continued to increase at even larger pore sizes, tubes formed at these large pore sizes were not completely round and had relatively thin walls. Thus, the optimum range of pore size for prevascularization of these membranes was estimated to be 75-100 μm. This study lays the foundation for creating a prevascularized port that can be used to reduce fibrous encapsulation and thus enhance diffusion to implanted medical devices and sensors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1602-1609, 2016.
26316050	0	15	Prevascularized	T169	C0042382
26316050	16	23	silicon	T109,T122	C0037114
26316050	24	33	membranes	T073	C1706182
26316050	42	53	enhancement	T052	C2349975
26316050	57	66	transport	T169	C1705822
26316050	70	95	implanted medical devices	T033	C2828363
26316050	115	128	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
26316050	133	148	sensing devices	T073	C0183210
26316050	153	160	in situ	T082	C0444498
26316050	161	173	applications	T058	C0185125
26316050	178	185	limited	T169	C0439801
26316050	193	202	diffusion	T070	C0012222
26316050	213	234	foreign body response	T033	C1708386
26316050	238	245	fibrous	T080	C0439709
26316050	246	259	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
26316050	290	305	prevascularized	T169	C0042382
26316050	306	328	synthetic device ports	T073	C1706409
26316050	337	345	mitigate	T067	C1553901
26316050	351	361	limitation	T169	C0449295
26316050	363	372	Membranes	T073	C1706182
26316050	378	396	rectilinear arrays	T082	C1254362
26316050	400	406	square	T082	C0205120
26316050	407	412	pores	T082	C1254362
26316050	418	424	widths	T081	C0487742
26316050	470	479	materials	T167	C0520510
26316050	487	492	thick	T080	C1280412
26316050	493	505	double-sided	T082	C1254362
26316050	506	522	polished silicon	T109,T122	C0037114
26316050	528	537	processes	T067	C1522240
26316050	539	555	photolithography	T057	C0599199
26316050	560	589	directed reactive ion etching	T067	C1254366
26316050	605	618	manufacturing	T057	C0870840
26316050	622	645	microfabricated sensors	T073	C0183210
26316050	647	673	Vascular endothelial cells	T025	C1257792
26316050	687	704	membrane geometry	T073	C1706182
26316050	723	737	vascular tubes	T023	C0005847
26316050	743	751	extended	T082	C0231449
26316050	764	768	pore	T082	C1254362
26316050	772	782	completely	T080	C0205197
26316050	783	790	filling	T052	C0441655
26316050	783	790	filling	T052	C0441655
26316050	791	799	membrane	T073	C1706182
26316050	800	805	pores	T082	C1254362
26316050	822	829	culture	T059	C1331092
26316050	840	854	tube formation	T169	C0042382
26316050	864	875	predominate	T080	C0332251
26316050	876	886	overgrowth	T033	C1849265
26316050	917	925	increase	T169	C0442805
26316050	934	940	larger	T081	C0549177
26316050	941	951	pore sizes	T081	C3829176
26316050	953	965	tubes formed	T169	C0042382
26316050	975	980	large	T081	C0549177
26316050	981	991	pore sizes	T081	C3829176
26316050	1001	1011	completely	T080	C0205197
26316050	1012	1017	round	T082	C0332490
26316050	1037	1041	thin	T080	C0205168
26316050	1042	1047	walls	T082	C0442069
26316050	1059	1066	optimum	T080	C2698651
26316050	1067	1072	range	T081	C1514721
26316050	1076	1085	pore size	T081	C3829176
26316050	1090	1108	prevascularization	T169	C0042382
26316050	1118	1127	membranes	T073	C1706182
26316050	1132	1141	estimated	T081	C0750572
26316050	1164	1169	study	T062	C2603343
26316050	1205	1220	prevascularized	T169	C0042382
26316050	1221	1225	port	T073	C1706409
26316050	1253	1260	fibrous	T080	C0439709
26316050	1261	1274	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
26316050	1284	1291	enhance	T052	C2349975
26316050	1292	1301	diffusion	T070	C0012222
26316050	1305	1330	implanted medical devices	T033	C2828363
26316050	1335	1342	sensors	T073	C0183210

26406200|t|Seated maximum flexion: An alternative to standing maximum flexion for determining presence of flexion - relaxation?
26406200|a|The flexion - relaxation phenomenon (FRP) in standing is a specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for low back pain. Seated flexion as an alternative could be beneficial for certain populations, yet the behavior of the trunk extensors during seated maximum flexion compared to standing flexion remains unclear. Compare FRP occurrences and spine angles between seated and standing flexion postures in three levels of the erector spinae muscles. Thirty-one participants free of back pain performed seated and standing maximum trunk flexion. Electromyographical signals were recorded from the bilateral lumbar (L3), lower-thoracic (T9), and upper-thoracic (T4) erector spinae and assessed for the occurrence of FRP. Spine angles corresponding to FRP onset and cessation were determined, and FRP occurrences and angles were compared between posture and muscle. FRP occurrence was similar in standing and seated maximum flexion across all muscles, with the lumbar muscles showing the greatest consistency. Standing FRP onset and cessation angles were consistently greater than the corresponding seated FRP angles. Considering the similar number of FRP occurrences, seated maximum flexion may constitute an objective criterion for low back pain diagnosis. Future work should seek to confirm the utility of this test in individuals with low back pain.
26406200	0	6	Seated	T033	C0277814
26406200	7	14	maximum	T081	C0806909
26406200	15	22	flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	27	38	alternative	T077	C1523987
26406200	42	50	standing	T082	C0231472
26406200	51	58	maximum	T081	C0806909
26406200	59	66	flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	95	102	flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	105	115	relaxation	T052	C0035028
26406200	121	128	flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	131	141	relaxation	T052	C0035028
26406200	142	152	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
26406200	154	157	FRP	T067	C1882365
26406200	162	170	standing	T082	C0231472
26406200	176	184	specific	T080	C0205369
26406200	189	198	sensitive	T169	C0332324
26406200	199	214	diagnostic tool	T060	C0430022
26406200	219	232	low back pain	T184	C0024031
26406200	234	248	Seated flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	255	266	alternative	T077	C1523987
26406200	299	310	populations	T098	C1257890
26406200	336	351	trunk extensors	T024	C0026845
26406200	359	365	seated	T033	C0277814
26406200	366	373	maximum	T081	C0806909
26406200	374	381	flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	394	402	standing	T082	C0231472
26406200	403	410	flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	436	439	FRP	T067	C1882365
26406200	456	461	spine	T023	C0037949
26406200	462	468	angles	T082	C0205143
26406200	477	483	seated	T033	C0277814
26406200	488	496	standing	T082	C0231472
26406200	497	504	flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	505	513	postures	T032	C0231476
26406200	523	529	levels	T080	C0441889
26406200	537	559	erector spinae muscles	T023	C0224301
26406200	572	584	participants	T098	C0679646
26406200	593	602	back pain	T184	C0004604
26406200	613	619	seated	T033	C0277814
26406200	624	632	standing	T082	C0231472
26406200	633	640	maximum	T081	C0806909
26406200	641	646	trunk	T029	C0460005
26406200	647	654	flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	656	683	Electromyographical signals	T067	C1710082
26406200	707	728	bilateral lumbar (L3)	T023	C0223522
26406200	730	749	lower-thoracic (T9)	T023	C0459954
26406200	755	774	upper-thoracic (T4)	T023	C1180431
26406200	775	789	erector spinae	T023	C0224301
26406200	794	802	assessed	T052	C1516048
26406200	825	828	FRP	T067	C1882365
26406200	830	842	Spine angles	T082	C0205143
26406200	860	863	FRP	T067	C1882365
26406200	874	883	cessation	T052	C1880019
26406200	905	908	FRP	T067	C1882365
26406200	925	931	angles	T082	C0205143
26406200	937	945	compared	T052	C1707455
26406200	954	961	posture	T032	C0231476
26406200	966	972	muscle	T024	C0026845
26406200	974	977	FRP	T067	C1882365
26406200	1004	1012	standing	T082	C0231472
26406200	1017	1023	seated	T033	C0277814
26406200	1024	1031	maximum	T081	C0806909
26406200	1032	1039	flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	1051	1058	muscles	T024	C0026845
26406200	1069	1083	lumbar muscles	T024	C0026845
26406200	1105	1116	consistency	T080	C0332529
26406200	1118	1126	Standing	T082	C0231472
26406200	1127	1130	FRP	T067	C1882365
26406200	1141	1150	cessation	T052	C1880019
26406200	1207	1213	seated	T033	C0277814
26406200	1214	1217	FRP	T067	C1882365
26406200	1260	1263	FRP	T067	C1882365
26406200	1277	1283	seated	T033	C0277814
26406200	1284	1291	maximum	T081	C0806909
26406200	1292	1299	flexion	T042	C0231452
26406200	1328	1337	criterion	T078	C0243161
26406200	1342	1355	low back pain	T184	C0024031
26406200	1356	1365	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
26406200	1422	1426	test	T169	C0039593
26406200	1430	1441	individuals	T098	C0027361
26406200	1447	1460	low back pain	T184	C0024031

26424709|t|The Relationship Between Distance and Post-operative Visit Attendance Following Medical Male Circumcision in Nyanza Province, Kenya
26424709|a|To date, there is no research on voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) catchment areas or the relationship between distance to a VMMC facility and attendance at a post-operative follow-up visit. We analyzed data from a randomly selected subset of males self-seeking circumcision at one of 16 participating facilities in Nyanza Province, Kenya between 2008 and 2010. Among 1437 participants, 46.7 % attended follow-up. The median distance from residence to utilized facility was 2.98 km (IQR 1.31-5.38). Nearly all participants (98.8 %) lived within 5 km from a facility, however, 26.3 % visited a facility more than 5 km away. Stratified results demonstrated that among those utilizing fixed facilities, greater distance was associated with higher odds of follow-up non-attendance (OR 5.01-10km vs. 0-1km = 1.71, 95 % CI 1.08, 2.70, p = 0.02; OR >10km vs. 0-1 km = 2.80, 95 % CI 1.26, 6.21, p = 0.01), adjusting for age and district of residence. We found 5 km marked the threshold distance beyond which follow-up attendance significantly dropped. These results demonstrate distance is an important predictor of attending follow-up, and this relationship appears to be modified by facility type.
26424709	4	16	Relationship	T080	C0439849
26424709	25	33	Distance	T081	C0012751
26424709	38	52	Post-operative	T033	C0241311
26424709	53	58	Visit	T053	C0545082
26424709	59	69	Attendance	T052	C2827364
26424709	80	87	Medical	T169	C0205476
26424709	88	105	Male Circumcision	T061	C0008819
26424709	109	124	Nyanza Province	T083	C1514578
26424709	126	131	Kenya	T083	C0022558
26424709	153	161	research	T062	C0035168
26424709	165	174	voluntary	T055	C0439656
26424709	175	182	medical	T169	C0205476
26424709	183	200	male circumcision	T061	C0008819
26424709	202	206	VMMC	T061	C0008819
26424709	208	223	catchment areas	T083	C0007403
26424709	231	243	relationship	T080	C0439849
26424709	252	260	distance	T081	C0012751
26424709	266	270	VMMC	T061	C0008819
26424709	271	279	facility	T073,T093	C0018704
26424709	284	294	attendance	T052	C2827364
26424709	300	314	post-operative	T033	C0241311
26424709	315	330	follow-up visit	T058	C0589121
26424709	335	343	analyzed	T062	C0936012
26424709	344	348	data	T078	C1511726
26424709	356	364	randomly	T080	C0439605
26424709	365	373	selected	T052	C1707391
26424709	374	380	subset	T185	C1515021
26424709	384	389	males	T098	C0025266
26424709	390	415	self-seeking circumcision	T061	C0008819
26424709	429	442	participating	T169	C0679823
26424709	443	453	facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
26424709	457	472	Nyanza Province	T083	C1514578
26424709	474	479	Kenya	T083	C0022558
26424709	514	526	participants	T098	C0679646
26424709	535	543	attended	T169	C1456498
26424709	544	553	follow-up	T058	C1522577
26424709	559	565	median	T082	C2939193
26424709	566	574	distance	T081	C0012751
26424709	580	589	residence	T082	C0237096
26424709	602	610	facility	T073,T093	C0018704
26424709	624	627	IQR	T081	C1711350
26424709	651	663	participants	T098	C0679646
26424709	673	678	lived	T052	C2982691
26424709	698	706	facility	T073,T093	C0018704
26424709	724	731	visited	T053	C0545082
26424709	734	742	facility	T073,T093	C0018704
26424709	764	774	Stratified	T080	C0205363
26424709	775	782	results	T169	C1274040
26424709	823	828	fixed	T169	C0205245
26424709	829	839	facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
26424709	841	848	greater	T081	C1704243
26424709	849	857	distance	T081	C0012751
26424709	862	877	associated with	T080	C0332281
26424709	878	884	higher	T080	C0205250
26424709	885	889	odds	T081	C0028873
26424709	893	902	follow-up	T058	C1522577
26424709	903	917	non-attendance	T052	C2827364
26424709	919	921	OR	T081	C0028873
26424709	955	957	CI	T081	C0009667
26424709	980	982	OR	T081	C0028873
26424709	1013	1015	CI	T081	C0009667
26424709	1053	1056	age	T032	C0001779
26424709	1061	1069	district	UnknownType	C0681784
26424709	1073	1082	residence	T082	C0237096
26424709	1109	1118	threshold	T080	C0449864
26424709	1119	1127	distance	T081	C0012751
26424709	1141	1150	follow-up	T058	C1522577
26424709	1151	1161	attendance	T052	C2827364
26424709	1162	1175	significantly	T078	C0750502
26424709	1176	1183	dropped	T081	C0205216
26424709	1191	1198	results	T169	C1274040
26424709	1211	1219	distance	T081	C0012751
26424709	1236	1245	predictor	T078	C2698872
26424709	1249	1258	attending	T169	C1999232
26424709	1259	1268	follow-up	T058	C1522577
26424709	1279	1291	relationship	T080	C0439849
26424709	1306	1317	modified by	T080	C0205349
26424709	1318	1326	facility	T073,T093	C0018704
26424709	1327	1331	type	T080	C0332307

26476440|t|Promoting lifestyle behaviour change and well-being in hospital patients: a pilot study of an evidence-based psychological intervention
26476440|a|Lifestyle risk behaviours show an inverse social gradient, clustering in vulnerable groups. We designed and piloted an intervention to address barriers to lifestyle behaviour change among hospital patients. We designed our intervention using effective components of behaviour change interventions informed by psychological theory. Delivered by a health psychologist based at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, the 4-week intervention included detailed baseline assessment, personalized goal setting, psychological skills development, motivation support and referral to community services. Primary outcomes were feasibility and patient acceptability. We also evaluated changes to health and well-being. From 1 July 2013 to 31 September 2014, 686 patients were referred, 338 (49.3%) attended a first appointment and 172 (25.1%) completed follow-up. Furthermore, 72.1% of attenders were female with the median age 55 years and poor self-reported baseline health. After 4 weeks, self-efficacy, health and well-being scores significantly improved: 63% of lifestyle goals and 89% of health management goals were fully achieved; 58% of referrals to community lifestyle behaviour change services and 79% of referrals to other services (e.g. Citizen's Advice Bureau) were accepted; 99% were satisfied / very satisfied with the service. Our hospital-based intervention was feasible, acceptable and showed preliminary health and well-being gains.
26476440	0	9	Promoting	T052	C0033414
26476440	10	36	lifestyle behaviour change	T054	C0870811
26476440	41	51	well-being	T033	C0424578
26476440	55	72	hospital patients	T101	C0021562
26476440	76	87	pilot study	T062	C0031928
26476440	109	122	psychological	T169	C0205486
26476440	123	135	intervention	T061	C0184661
26476440	146	161	risk behaviours	T055	C0086931
26476440	170	177	inverse	T080	C0439850
26476440	178	184	social	T169	C0728831
26476440	185	193	gradient	T081	C0812409
26476440	195	205	clustering	T081	C1704332
26476440	209	226	vulnerable groups	T098	C1257890
26476440	255	267	intervention	T061	C0184661
26476440	291	317	lifestyle behaviour change	T054	C0870811
26476440	324	341	hospital patients	T101	C0021562
26476440	359	371	intervention	T061	C0184661
26476440	402	418	behaviour change	T055	C0542299
26476440	419	432	interventions	T061	C0184661
26476440	445	465	psychological theory	T170	C0033906
26476440	482	501	health psychologist	T097	C1555909
26476440	515	553	Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust	T093	C0596660
26476440	566	578	intervention	T061	C0184661
26476440	597	616	baseline assessment	T058	C0558020
26476440	618	630	personalized	T080	C1709510
26476440	631	643	goal setting	T061	C0700350
26476440	645	677	psychological skills development	T041	C0678967
26476440	679	697	motivation support	T058	C0600015
26476440	702	713	referral to	T058	C2585021
26476440	714	732	community services	T095	C0009482
26476440	734	750	Primary outcomes	T169	C1274040
26476440	772	779	patient	T101	C0030705
26476440	780	793	acceptability	T080	C0000898
26476440	813	820	changes	T169	C0392747
26476440	824	830	health	T078	C0018684
26476440	835	845	well-being	T033	C0424578
26476440	854	858	July	T080	C3829447
26476440	870	879	September	T079	C3828193
26476440	890	898	patients	T101	C0030705
26476440	904	912	referred	T169	C0205543
26476440	943	954	appointment	T079	C0003629
26476440	981	990	follow-up	T058	C1522577
26476440	1014	1023	attenders	T097	C1555321
26476440	1029	1035	female	T032	C0086287
26476440	1052	1055	age	T032	C0001779
26476440	1059	1064	years	T079	C0439234
26476440	1069	1103	poor self-reported baseline health	T080	C0018759
26476440	1113	1118	weeks	T079	C0439230
26476440	1120	1133	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
26476440	1135	1141	health	T078	C0018684
26476440	1146	1163	well-being scores	T081	C0449820
26476440	1164	1186	significantly improved	T033	C0184511
26476440	1195	1210	lifestyle goals	T033	C4062319
26476440	1222	1239	health management	T058	C1328735
26476440	1240	1245	goals	T170	C0018017
26476440	1257	1265	achieved	T033	C1272277
26476440	1274	1286	referrals to	T058	C2585021
26476440	1287	1296	community	T095	C0009482
26476440	1297	1323	lifestyle behaviour change	T054	C0870811
26476440	1363	1371	services	T058	C0018747
26476440	1378	1401	Citizen's Advice Bureau	T097	C1522486
26476440	1427	1436	satisfied	T170	C4084799
26476440	1439	1453	very satisfied	T033	C3840671
26476440	1463	1470	service	T058	C0018747
26476440	1476	1503	hospital-based intervention	T061	C0184661
26476440	1518	1528	acceptable	T080	C1879533
26476440	1540	1579	preliminary health and well-being gains	T033	C0243095

26797704|t|The Impact of Deployment on Parental, Family and Child Adjustment in Military Families
26797704|a|Since 9/11, military service in the United States has been characterized by wartime deployments and reintegration challenges that contribute to a context of stress for military families. Research indicates the negative impact of wartime deployment on the well being of service members, military spouses, and children. Yet, few studies have considered how parental deployments may affect adjustment in young children and their families. Using deployment records and parent - reported measures from primary caregiving (N = 680) and military (n = 310) parents, we examined the influence of deployment on adjustment in military families with children ages 0-10 years. Greater deployment exposure was related to impaired family functioning and marital instability. Parental depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with impairments in social emotional adjustment in young children, increased anxiety in early childhood, and adjustment problems in school-age children. Conversely, parental sensitivity was associated with improved social and emotional outcomes across childhood. These findings provide guidance to developing preventive approaches for military families with young children.
26797704	14	24	Deployment	T052	C2825812
26797704	28	36	Parental	T099	C0030551
26797704	38	44	Family	T099	C0015576
26797704	49	54	Child	T100	C0008059
26797704	55	65	Adjustment	T055	C0376209
26797704	69	86	Military Families	T099	C3850016
26797704	99	115	military service	T097	C1550414
26797704	123	136	United States	T083	C0041703
26797704	163	170	wartime	T079	C1254367
26797704	171	182	deployments	T052	C2825812
26797704	244	250	stress	T033	C0038435
26797704	255	272	military families	T099	C3850016
26797704	274	282	Research	T062	C0035168
26797704	297	312	negative impact	T033	C1513916
26797704	324	334	deployment	T052	C2825812
26797704	342	352	well being	T078	C0018684
26797704	356	363	service	T097	C1550414
26797704	364	371	members	T098	C0680022
26797704	373	381	military	T097	C3245458
26797704	382	389	spouses	T099	C0162409
26797704	395	403	children	T100	C0008059
26797704	442	450	parental	T099	C0030551
26797704	451	462	deployments	T052	C2825812
26797704	474	484	adjustment	T055	C0376209
26797704	488	502	young children	T100	C0728836
26797704	513	521	families	T099	C3850016
26797704	529	539	deployment	T052	C2825812
26797704	529	547	deployment records	T170	C0034869
26797704	552	558	parent	T099	C0030551
26797704	561	569	reported	T170	C0684224
26797704	592	602	caregiving	T052	C1947933
26797704	617	625	military	T097	C3245458
26797704	636	643	parents	T099	C0030551
26797704	674	684	deployment	T052	C2825812
26797704	688	698	adjustment	T055	C0376209
26797704	702	719	military families	T099	C3850016
26797704	725	733	children	T100	C0008059
26797704	759	769	deployment	T052	C2825812
26797704	794	802	impaired	T169	C0221099
26797704	803	821	family functioning	T054	C0680051
26797704	826	833	marital	T033	C0024841
26797704	834	845	instability	T033	C1444783
26797704	847	855	Parental	T099	C0030551
26797704	856	866	depressive	T048	C0011570
26797704	871	900	posttraumatic stress symptoms	T048	C0038436
26797704	906	921	associated with	T080	C0332281
26797704	922	933	impairments	T169	C0221099
26797704	937	943	social	T054	C0035820
26797704	944	953	emotional	T033	C0849912
26797704	954	964	adjustment	T055	C0376209
26797704	968	982	young children	T100	C0728836
26797704	994	1001	anxiety	T033	C0003467
26797704	1011	1020	childhood	T079	C0231335
26797704	1026	1036	adjustment	T055	C0376209
26797704	1049	1068	school-age children	T100	C2827631
26797704	1082	1090	parental	T099	C0030551
26797704	1091	1102	sensitivity	T041	C0312418
26797704	1107	1122	associated with	T080	C0332281
26797704	1132	1138	social	T054	C0035820
26797704	1143	1161	emotional outcomes	T033	C0849912
26797704	1169	1178	childhood	T079	C0231335
26797704	1186	1194	findings	T033	C0243095
26797704	1226	1236	preventive	T080	C1456501
26797704	1252	1269	military families	T099	C3850016
26797704	1281	1289	children	T100	C0008059

26864880|t|Combining electrostatic powder with an insecticide: effect on stored - product beetles and on the commodity
26864880|a|The opportunity to reduce the amount of pirimiphos-methyl applied to grain by formulating it in an electrostatic powder was investigated. The insecticidal efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl in EC formulation or formulated using electrostatic powder (EP) as an inert carrier was investigated against Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Furthermore, the adhesive properties of EP to rice, corn and wheat, together with the effect on bulk density and bread - and pasta - making properties, were investigated. The results showed that pirimiphos-methyl formulated with EP provided better efficacy against adults when compared with EC formulation for O. surinamensis and T. confusum, but there was no difference for R. dominica. Progeny production was consistently lower in grain treated with the EP formulation than in grain treated with the EC. Tests showed that EP adhered to the kernels for longer on hard wheat than on maize or rice. In most commodities, EP did not alter the bulk density. Finally, the addition of EP did not affect flour - and bread - making properties, nor the pasta -making properties. The results of the present study suggest that an EP could be used to reduce the amount of pirimiphos-methyl applied to grain for effective pest control, with no detrimental effects on grain quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
26864880	10	30	electrostatic powder	T167	C0439861
26864880	39	50	insecticide	T131	C0021576
26864880	62	68	stored	T169	C1698986
26864880	71	78	product	T071	C1514468
26864880	79	86	beetles	T204	C0009276
26864880	98	107	commodity	T168	C0453860
26864880	148	165	pirimiphos-methyl	T109,T121	C0071138
26864880	177	182	grain	T168	C0007757
26864880	207	227	electrostatic powder	T167	C0439861
26864880	250	262	insecticidal	T131	C0021576
26864880	263	271	efficacy	T080	C1280519
26864880	275	292	pirimiphos-methyl	T109,T121	C0071138
26864880	296	310	EC formulation	T131	C0021576
26864880	331	351	electrostatic powder	T167	C0439861
26864880	353	355	EP	T167	C0439861
26864880	363	376	inert carrier	T167	C0520810
26864880	402	419	Sitophilus oryzae	T204	C0998410
26864880	426	451	Oryzaephilus surinamensis	T204	C0322563
26864880	458	478	Rhyzopertha dominica	T204	C1041701
26864880	488	523	Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val	T204	C0598191
26864880	542	550	adhesive	T067	C3714578
26864880	565	567	EP	T167	C0439861
26864880	571	575	rice	T168	C0035567
26864880	577	581	corn	T168	C1138842
26864880	586	591	wheat	T168	C0043137
26864880	626	633	density	T081	C0178587
26864880	638	643	bread	T168	C0006138
26864880	650	655	pasta	T168	C0452694
26864880	658	664	making	T052	C1521827
26864880	665	675	properties	T080	C0871161
26864880	720	737	pirimiphos-methyl	T109,T121	C0071138
26864880	754	756	EP	T167	C0439861
26864880	773	781	efficacy	T080	C1280519
26864880	790	796	adults	T204	C0563200
26864880	816	830	EC formulation	T131	C0021576
26864880	835	850	O. surinamensis	T204	C0322563
26864880	855	866	T. confusum	T204	C0598191
26864880	900	911	R. dominica	T204	C1041701
26864880	913	920	Progeny	T099	C0680063
26864880	958	963	grain	T168	C0007757
26864880	964	976	treated with	T061	C0332293
26864880	981	983	EP	T167	C0439861
26864880	1004	1009	grain	T168	C0007757
26864880	1010	1022	treated with	T061	C0332293
26864880	1027	1029	EC	T131	C0021576
26864880	1049	1051	EP	T167	C0439861
26864880	1052	1059	adhered	T067	C3714578
26864880	1067	1074	kernels	T168	C0016452
26864880	1094	1099	wheat	T168	C0043137
26864880	1108	1113	maize	T168	C1138842
26864880	1117	1121	rice	T168	C0035567
26864880	1131	1142	commodities	T168	C0453860
26864880	1144	1146	EP	T167	C0439861
26864880	1170	1177	density	T081	C0178587
26864880	1204	1206	EP	T167	C0439861
26864880	1222	1227	flour	T168	C0016260
26864880	1234	1239	bread	T168	C0006138
26864880	1242	1248	making	T052	C1521827
26864880	1249	1259	properties	T080	C0871161
26864880	1269	1274	pasta	T168	C0452694
26864880	1283	1293	properties	T080	C0871161
26864880	1344	1346	EP	T167	C0439861
26864880	1385	1402	pirimiphos-methyl	T109,T121	C0071138
26864880	1414	1419	grain	T168	C0007757
26864880	1434	1446	pest control	T057	C0031249
26864880	1453	1475	no detrimental effects	T080	C1301751
26864880	1479	1484	grain	T168	C0007757
26864880	1485	1492	quality	T080	C0332306

26867927|t|Radiofrequency ablation of posteroseptal accessory pathways associated with coronary sinus diverticula
26867927|a|Posteroseptal accessory pathways may be associated with a coronary sinus (CS) diverticulum. Our purpose was to describe the clinical characteristics, mapping and ablation of these pathways. This was a retrospective study of all patients who underwent ablation of posteroseptal accessory pathways in a single centre. Patients with a diverticulum of the CS or one of its tributaries were included in group I, while the other patients formed group II. Clinical presentation, ablation procedure and outcome were compared between the two groups. A total of 51 patients were included, 16 in group I and 35 in group II. There were no significant differences in age or sex distribution. Atrial fibrillation (AF) and previous unsuccessful ablation were more common in group I. A negative delta wave in lead II was the ECG finding with best sensitivity and specificity for the presence of a diverticulum. A pathway potential was common at the successful site in group I, and the interval between local ventricular electrogram and delta wave onset was shorter (19.5 ± 8 vs 33.1 ± 7.6 ms, p < 0.001). There was a trend toward lower procedural success rate and higher recurrence rate in group I, although this was not significant. CS diverticula should be suspected in patients with manifest posteroseptal accessory pathways who have a previous failed ablation, documented AF or typical electrocardiographic signs. A discrete potential is frequently seen at the successful site, but the local ventricular electrogram is not as early as in other accessory pathways.
26867927	0	23	Radiofrequency ablation	T061	C0850292
26867927	27	59	posteroseptal accessory pathways	T023	C0447025
26867927	60	75	associated with	T080	C0332281
26867927	76	102	coronary sinus diverticula	T019,T047	C3163894
26867927	103	135	Posteroseptal accessory pathways	T023	C0447025
26867927	143	158	associated with	T080	C0332281
26867927	161	193	coronary sinus (CS) diverticulum	T019,T047	C3163894
26867927	227	251	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
26867927	253	260	mapping	T052	C1283195
26867927	265	291	ablation of these pathways	T061	C3275043
26867927	304	323	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
26867927	331	339	patients	T101	C0030705
26867927	354	362	ablation	T061	C0547070
26867927	366	398	posteroseptal accessory pathways	T023	C0447025
26867927	404	417	single centre	T082	C0205099
26867927	419	427	Patients	T101	C0030705
26867927	435	457	diverticulum of the CS	T019,T047	C3163894
26867927	472	483	tributaries	T023	C1180121
26867927	501	508	group I	T078	C0441833
26867927	526	534	patients	T101	C0030705
26867927	542	550	group II	T078	C0441833
26867927	552	573	Clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
26867927	575	593	ablation procedure	T061	C0547070
26867927	636	642	groups	T078	C0441833
26867927	658	666	patients	T101	C0030705
26867927	688	695	group I	T078	C0441833
26867927	706	714	group II	T078	C0441833
26867927	757	760	age	T081	C0001782
26867927	764	780	sex distribution	T081	C0036878
26867927	782	801	Atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
26867927	803	805	AF	T047	C0004238
26867927	833	841	ablation	T061	C0547070
26867927	862	869	group I	T078	C0441833
26867927	873	881	negative	T033	C0205160
26867927	882	892	delta wave	T033	C1880434
26867927	896	903	lead II	T078	C0441833
26867927	912	915	ECG	T060	C1623258
26867927	916	923	finding	T033	C0243095
26867927	934	945	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
26867927	950	961	specificity	T081	C1511884
26867927	984	996	diverticulum	T046	C0012817
26867927	1000	1007	pathway	T023	C0447025
26867927	1008	1017	potential	T080	C3245505
26867927	1047	1051	site	T082	C0205145
26867927	1055	1062	group I	T078	C0441833
26867927	1089	1118	local ventricular electrogram	T060	C0849666
26867927	1123	1133	delta wave	T033	C1880434
26867927	1144	1151	shorter	T081	C1806781
26867927	1217	1222	lower	T080	C0205251
26867927	1242	1246	rate	T081	C1521828
26867927	1251	1257	higher	T080	C0205250
26867927	1258	1268	recurrence	T067	C0034897
26867927	1269	1273	rate	T081	C1521828
26867927	1277	1284	group I	T078	C0441833
26867927	1308	1319	significant	T078	C0750502
26867927	1321	1335	CS diverticula	T019,T047	C3163894
26867927	1359	1367	patients	T101	C0030705
26867927	1382	1414	posteroseptal accessory pathways	T023	C0447025
26867927	1442	1450	ablation	T061	C0547070
26867927	1463	1465	AF	T047	C0004238
26867927	1477	1503	electrocardiographic signs	T033	C0438154
26867927	1516	1525	potential	T080	C3245505
26867927	1577	1606	local ventricular electrogram	T060	C0849666
26867927	1635	1653	accessory pathways	T023	C0006383

26868132|t|Association of RBP4 levels with increased arterial stiffness in adolescents with family history of type 2 diabetes
26868132|a|The aim of this study was to explore the impact of family history of type 2 diabetes (FH2D) on arterial stiffness in young people and its relationship to adipocytokines. This case-control study included 52 adolescents (male / female 28/24) with FH2D (FH2D+) and 40 adolescents (male / female 21/19) without FH2D (FH2D-). Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and blood pressure, were obtained. Blood samples were collected, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum lipids, Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4), C reactive protein (CRP), adiponectin and visfatin were examined. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was used to evaluate arterial stiffness. Visceral fat area (VFA) was measured by computerized tomography. Compared with FH2D- group, FH2D+ group had a significantly higher oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-hour insulin, RBP4 and baPWV levels, a lower adiponectin and glucose infusing rate (GIR) (P<0.05). BaPWV was positively correlated with age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), 2-hour (OGTT) insulin, RBP4, and VFA, and negatively correlated with GIR in FH2D+ group. After multivariate analysis, age, SBP, RBP4 and VFA maintained an independent association with baPWV in FH2D+ group (P<0.05), while only age, SBP, and VFA were independent predictors of baPWV in FH2D- group (P<0.05). These findings led to the conclusion that RBP4 level was associated with increased arterial stiffness in young subjects with family history of type 2 diabetes.
26868132	15	19	RBP4	T116,T123	C1438309
26868132	42	60	arterial stiffness	T039	C0599949
26868132	64	75	adolescents	T100	C0205653
26868132	81	114	family history of type 2 diabetes	T033	C2316287
26868132	131	136	study	T062	C2603343
26868132	166	199	family history of type 2 diabetes	T033	C2316287
26868132	201	205	FH2D	T033	C2316287
26868132	210	228	arterial stiffness	T039	C0599949
26868132	232	237	young	T079	C0332239
26868132	238	244	people	T098	C0027361
26868132	269	283	adipocytokines	T116,T123	C1955907
26868132	290	308	case-control study	T062	C0007328
26868132	321	332	adolescents	T100	C0205653
26868132	334	338	male	T032	C0086582
26868132	341	347	female	T032	C0086287
26868132	360	364	FH2D	T033	C2316287
26868132	366	371	FH2D+	T033	C2316287
26868132	380	391	adolescents	T100	C0205653
26868132	393	397	male	T032	C0086582
26868132	400	406	female	T032	C0086287
26868132	422	426	FH2D	T033	C2316287
26868132	428	433	FH2D-	T033	C1513916
26868132	436	463	Anthropometric measurements	T081	C0815129
26868132	475	481	height	T032	C0005890
26868132	483	489	weight	T032	C0005910
26868132	491	510	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
26868132	512	514	WC	T201	C0455829
26868132	521	535	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
26868132	552	565	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
26868132	582	604	fasting plasma glucose	T059	C0583513
26868132	606	609	FPG	T059	C0583513
26868132	612	624	serum lipids	T059	C0428462
26868132	626	651	Retinol Binding Protein 4	T116,T123	C1438309
26868132	653	657	RBP4	T116,T123	C1438309
26868132	660	678	C reactive protein	T059	C0201657
26868132	680	683	CRP	T059	C0201657
26868132	686	697	adiponectin	T059	C2700366
26868132	702	710	visfatin	T116,T126	C0068707
26868132	726	760	Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity	T081	C3494431
26868132	762	767	baPWV	T081	C3494431
26868132	790	808	arterial stiffness	T039	C0599949
26868132	810	827	Visceral fat area	T201	C3654464
26868132	829	832	VFA	T201	C3654464
26868132	850	873	computerized tomography	T060	C0040405
26868132	889	894	FH2D-	T033	C1513916
26868132	895	900	group	T098	C1257890
26868132	902	907	FH2D+	T033	C2316287
26868132	908	913	group	T098	C1257890
26868132	941	990	oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-hour insulin	T059	C2041409
26868132	992	996	RBP4	T116,T123	C1438309
26868132	1001	1006	baPWV	T081	C3494431
26868132	1023	1034	adiponectin	T059	C2700366
26868132	1039	1060	glucose infusing rate	T079	C2964135
26868132	1062	1065	GIR	T079	C2964135
26868132	1077	1082	BaPWV	T081	C3494431
26868132	1114	1117	age	T032	C0001779
26868132	1119	1142	systolic blood pressure	T201	C0871470
26868132	1144	1147	SBP	T201	C0871470
26868132	1150	1174	diastolic blood pressure	T201	C0428883
26868132	1176	1179	DBP	T201	C0428883
26868132	1182	1203	2-hour (OGTT) insulin	T059	C2041409
26868132	1205	1209	RBP4	T116,T123	C1438309
26868132	1215	1218	VFA	T201	C3654464
26868132	1258	1263	FH2D+	T033	C2316287
26868132	1264	1269	group	T098	C1257890
26868132	1277	1298	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
26868132	1300	1303	age	T032	C0001779
26868132	1305	1308	SBP	T201	C0871470
26868132	1310	1314	RBP4	T116,T123	C1438309
26868132	1319	1322	VFA	T201	C3654464
26868132	1366	1371	baPWV	T081	C3494431
26868132	1375	1380	FH2D+	T033	C2316287
26868132	1381	1386	group	T098	C1257890
26868132	1408	1411	age	T032	C0001779
26868132	1413	1416	SBP	T201	C0871470
26868132	1422	1425	VFA	T201	C3654464
26868132	1443	1453	predictors	T078	C2698872
26868132	1457	1462	baPWV	T081	C3494431
26868132	1466	1471	FH2D-	T033	C1513916
26868132	1472	1477	group	T098	C1257890
26868132	1494	1502	findings	T033	C0243095
26868132	1530	1534	RBP4	T116,T123	C1438309
26868132	1571	1589	arterial stiffness	T039	C0599949
26868132	1593	1598	young	T079	C0332239
26868132	1599	1607	subjects	T098	C0080105
26868132	1613	1646	family history of type 2 diabetes	T033	C2316287

26876532|t|EZH2 and ZFX oncogenes in malignant behaviour of parathyroid neoplasms
26876532|a|Several studies reported somatic mutations of many genes (MEN1, CTNNB1, CDKIs and others) in parathyroid adenoma, although with different prevalence. Recently, activating mutations of the EZH2 and ZFX oncogenes were identified in benign parathyroid adenoma by whole exome sequencing. The same mutations had been found in blood and ovary malignant tumours. On one hand, this result raised the hypothesis that these oncogenes may play a role in the onset of parathyroid tumour, but it would also suggest they may be involved in malignant, rather benign, parathyroid neoplasm. Our aim was to verify the occurrence of selected mutations of the EZH2 and ZFX genes in an Italian cohort of 23 sporadic parathyroid carcinomas, 12 atypical and 45 typical adenomas. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues, PCR amplified and directly sequenced. No mutations were detected in the coding sequence and boundaries of both genes in any of the samples. Two polymorphisms of the EZH2 gene were identified with different prevalence: the rs2072407 variant was present in the 30 % of the samples, in keeping with the overall frequency in larger populations, while the rs78589034 variant, located close to the 5' end of the exon 16, was detected in only one proband with familial isolated hyperparathyroidism; we investigated the possible outcome on the splicing process. EZH2 and ZFX genes do not seem to have an impact on the onset of most parathyroid tumours, both benign and malignant, though further studies on larger cohorts of different ethnicity are needed.
26876532	0	4	EZH2	T028	C1333368
26876532	9	12	ZFX	T028	C1421578
26876532	13	22	oncogenes	T028	C0029016
26876532	26	45	malignant behaviour	T080	C0205282
26876532	49	70	parathyroid neoplasms	T191	C0030521
26876532	79	86	studies	T062	C0008972
26876532	96	113	somatic mutations	T049	C0544886
26876532	122	127	genes	T028	C0017337
26876532	129	133	MEN1	T028	C0694884
26876532	135	141	CTNNB1	T028	C1332803
26876532	143	148	CDKIs	T028	C0919539
26876532	164	183	parathyroid adenoma	T191	C0262587
26876532	199	208	different	T080	C1705242
26876532	209	219	prevalence	T081	C0220900
26876532	231	241	activating	T052	C1879547
26876532	242	251	mutations	T045	C0026882
26876532	259	263	EZH2	T028	C1333368
26876532	268	271	ZFX	T028	C1421578
26876532	272	281	oncogenes	T028	C0029016
26876532	301	307	benign	T080	C0205183
26876532	308	327	parathyroid adenoma	T191	C0262587
26876532	331	353	whole exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
26876532	364	373	mutations	T045	C0026882
26876532	392	397	blood	T031	C0005767
26876532	402	407	ovary	T023	C0029939
26876532	408	425	malignant tumours	T191	C0006826
26876532	463	473	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
26876532	485	494	oncogenes	T028	C0029016
26876532	518	523	onset	T080	C0332162
26876532	527	545	parathyroid tumour	T191	C0030521
26876532	597	606	malignant	T080	C0205282
26876532	615	621	benign	T080	C0205183
26876532	623	643	parathyroid neoplasm	T191	C0030521
26876532	649	652	aim	T078	C1947946
26876532	671	681	occurrence	T079	C2745955
26876532	694	703	mutations	T045	C0026882
26876532	711	715	EZH2	T028	C1333368
26876532	720	729	ZFX genes	T028	C1421578
26876532	736	743	Italian	T098	C0337810
26876532	744	750	cohort	T098	C0599755
26876532	757	765	sporadic	T079	C0205422
26876532	766	788	parathyroid carcinomas	T191	C0687150
26876532	793	801	atypical	T080	C0205182
26876532	809	816	typical	T080	C3538928
26876532	817	825	adenomas	T191	C0001430
26876532	827	830	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
26876532	835	844	extracted	T061	C0185115
26876532	850	875	paraffin-embedded tissues	T024	C1519524
26876532	877	880	PCR	T063	C0032520
26876532	881	890	amplified	T067	C1521871
26876532	904	913	sequenced	T169	C1561491
26876532	915	917	No	T033	C0205160
26876532	918	927	mutations	T045	C0026882
26876532	933	941	detected	T033	C0442726
26876532	949	964	coding sequence	T114,T123	C0015295
26876532	969	979	boundaries	T114,T123	C1136191
26876532	988	993	genes	T028	C0017337
26876532	1008	1015	samples	T167	C0370003
26876532	1021	1034	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
26876532	1042	1051	EZH2 gene	T028	C1333368
26876532	1057	1067	identified	T080	C0205396
26876532	1073	1082	different	T080	C1705242
26876532	1083	1093	prevalence	T081	C0033105
26876532	1099	1116	rs2072407 variant	T028	C0678941
26876532	1121	1128	present	T033	C0150312
26876532	1148	1155	samples	T167	C0370003
26876532	1177	1184	overall	T080	C1561607
26876532	1185	1194	frequency	T079	C0439603
26876532	1198	1204	larger	T081	C0549177
26876532	1205	1216	populations	T081	C0032659
26876532	1228	1246	rs78589034 variant	T028	C0678941
26876532	1269	1275	5' end	T114	C1254348
26876532	1283	1290	exon 16	T114,T123	C0015295
26876532	1296	1304	detected	T033	C0442726
26876532	1317	1324	proband	T099	C1948021
26876532	1330	1338	familial	T169	C0241888
26876532	1339	1347	isolated	T169	C0205409
26876532	1348	1367	hyperparathyroidism	T047	C0020502
26876532	1372	1384	investigated	T169	C1292732
26876532	1398	1405	outcome	T169	C1274040
26876532	1413	1429	splicing process	T045	C0035687
26876532	1431	1435	EZH2	T028	C1333368
26876532	1440	1449	ZFX genes	T028	C1421578
26876532	1473	1479	impact	T080	C4049986
26876532	1487	1492	onset	T080	C0332162
26876532	1501	1520	parathyroid tumours	T191	C0030521
26876532	1527	1533	benign	T080	C0205183
26876532	1538	1547	malignant	T080	C0205282
26876532	1575	1581	larger	T081	C0549177
26876532	1582	1589	cohorts	T098	C0599755
26876532	1593	1602	different	T080	C1705242
26876532	1603	1612	ethnicity	T080	C0243103

26883265|t|The effect of total hip arthroplasty on sagittal spinal - pelvic-leg alignment and low back pain in patients with severe hip osteoarthritis
26883265|a|Sagittal spinopelvic malalignment has been reported in spinal disorders such as low back pain (LBP), and restoration of normal alignment is targeted when treating these disorders. Abnormal sagittal spinal - pelvic-leg alignment has been reported in patients with severe hip osteoarthritis (OA), who have a high prevalence of associated LBP. This prospective longitudinal study aimed to investigate changes in sagittal spinal - pelvic-leg alignment after total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with severe hip OA, and whether these changes contribute to LBP relief. Patients undergoing primary THA due to severe unilateral hip OA were recruited. Physical examination and X-ray films were taken to rule out any spinal disorder. Sagittal alignment of pelvis, hip, and spine was analyzed on lateral radiographs taken before (baseline) and 1 year after (follow-up) THA. Functional instruments were completed by patients including: visual analog scale (VAS) for LBP, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and Harris Hip Score (HHS). Comparisons were carried out at baseline and follow-up, and between patients with and without LBP. The recruited 69 patients showed significantly reduced hip flexion and improved global spinal balance at follow-up compared with baseline. LBP was reported by 39 patients (56.5 %) before surgery; at follow-up, 17 reported complete resolution, while 22 reported significant relief. Significant decreases in VAS and RMDQ scores in lumbar spine and increase in hip HHS were observed. THA in patients with severe hip OA could help correct abnormal sagittal spinal - pelvic-leg alignment and relieve comorbid LBP. Improvements in hip flexion and global spinal balance might be involved in the mechanism of LBP relief.
26883265	14	36	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
26883265	40	48	sagittal	T029	C0935598
26883265	49	55	spinal	T082	C0521329
26883265	58	68	pelvic-leg	T023	C0229962
26883265	69	78	alignment	T033	C1821889
26883265	83	96	low back pain	T184	C0024031
26883265	100	108	patients	T101	C0030705
26883265	114	120	severe	T080	C0205082
26883265	121	139	hip osteoarthritis	T047	C0029410
26883265	140	148	Sagittal	T029	C0935598
26883265	149	160	spinopelvic	T023	C0229962
26883265	161	173	malalignment	T046	C0206231
26883265	195	211	spinal disorders	T047	C0037928
26883265	220	233	low back pain	T184	C0024031
26883265	235	238	LBP	T184	C0024031
26883265	267	276	alignment	T033	C1821889
26883265	294	302	treating	T061	C0087111
26883265	309	318	disorders	T047	C0037928
26883265	320	328	Abnormal	T033	C0205161
26883265	329	337	sagittal	T029	C0935598
26883265	338	344	spinal	T082	C0521329
26883265	347	357	pelvic-leg	T023	C0229962
26883265	358	367	alignment	T033	C1821889
26883265	389	397	patients	T101	C0030705
26883265	403	409	severe	T080	C0205082
26883265	410	428	hip osteoarthritis	T047	C0029410
26883265	430	432	OA	T047	C0029410
26883265	451	461	prevalence	T081	C0220900
26883265	476	479	LBP	T184	C0024031
26883265	486	516	prospective longitudinal study	T062	C0033522
26883265	549	557	sagittal	T029	C0935598
26883265	558	564	spinal	T082	C0521329
26883265	567	577	pelvic-leg	T023	C0229962
26883265	578	587	alignment	T033	C1821889
26883265	594	616	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
26883265	618	621	THA	T061	C0040508
26883265	626	634	patients	T101	C0030705
26883265	640	646	severe	T080	C0205082
26883265	647	653	hip OA	T047	C0029410
26883265	695	698	LBP	T184	C0024031
26883265	699	705	relief	T033	C0564405
26883265	707	715	Patients	T101	C0030705
26883265	735	738	THA	T061	C0040508
26883265	746	752	severe	T080	C0205082
26883265	764	770	hip OA	T047	C0029410
26883265	787	807	Physical examination	T058	C0031809
26883265	812	823	X-ray films	T074	C0043303
26883265	851	866	spinal disorder	T047	C0037928
26883265	868	876	Sagittal	T029	C0935598
26883265	877	886	alignment	T033	C1821889
26883265	890	896	pelvis	T023	C0030797
26883265	898	901	hip	T023	C0019552
26883265	907	912	spine	T023	C0037949
26883265	929	948	lateral radiographs	T060	C3257974
26883265	963	971	baseline	T081	C1442488
26883265	979	983	year	T079	C0439234
26883265	991	1000	follow-up	T058	C1522577
26883265	1002	1005	THA	T061	C0040508
26883265	1007	1029	Functional instruments	T074	C0348000
26883265	1048	1056	patients	T101	C0030705
26883265	1068	1087	visual analog scale	T060	C3536884
26883265	1089	1092	VAS	T060	C3536884
26883265	1098	1101	LBP	T184	C0024031
26883265	1103	1141	Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire	T170	C3639717
26883265	1143	1147	RMDQ	T170	C3639717
26883265	1154	1170	Harris Hip Score	T033	C2919875
26883265	1172	1175	HHS	T033	C2919875
26883265	1210	1218	baseline	T081	C1442488
26883265	1223	1232	follow-up	T058	C1522577
26883265	1246	1254	patients	T101	C0030705
26883265	1272	1275	LBP	T184	C0024031
26883265	1294	1302	patients	T101	C0030705
26883265	1310	1331	significantly reduced	T080	C0392756
26883265	1332	1343	hip flexion	T033	C2237371
26883265	1357	1378	global spinal balance	T033	C0243095
26883265	1382	1391	follow-up	T058	C1522577
26883265	1406	1414	baseline	T081	C1442488
26883265	1416	1419	LBP	T184	C0024031
26883265	1439	1447	patients	T101	C0030705
26883265	1464	1471	surgery	T169	C0038895
26883265	1476	1485	follow-up	T058	C1522577
26883265	1508	1518	resolution	T077	C2699488
26883265	1550	1556	relief	T033	C0564405
26883265	1570	1579	decreases	T081	C0547047
26883265	1583	1586	VAS	T201	C2960751
26883265	1591	1595	RMDQ	T170	C3639717
26883265	1596	1602	scores	T081	C0449820
26883265	1606	1618	lumbar spine	T029	C3887615
26883265	1635	1638	hip	T023	C0019552
26883265	1639	1642	HHS	T033	C2919875
26883265	1658	1661	THA	T061	C0040508
26883265	1665	1673	patients	T101	C0030705
26883265	1679	1685	severe	T080	C0205082
26883265	1686	1692	hip OA	T047	C0029410
26883265	1721	1729	sagittal	T029	C0935598
26883265	1730	1736	spinal	T082	C0521329
26883265	1739	1749	pelvic-leg	T023	C0229962
26883265	1750	1759	alignment	T033	C1821889
26883265	1772	1780	comorbid	T033	C1275743
26883265	1781	1784	LBP	T184	C0024031
26883265	1802	1813	hip flexion	T033	C2237371
26883265	1818	1824	global	T080	C2348867
26883265	1825	1831	spinal	T082	C0521329
26883265	1832	1839	balance	T040	C0014653
26883265	1878	1881	LBP	T184	C0024031
26883265	1882	1888	relief	T033	C0564405

26931495|t|Beyond neutral and forbidden links: morphological matches and the assembly of mutualistic hawkmoth - plant networks
26931495|a|A major challenge in evolutionary ecology is to understand how co-evolutionary processes shape patterns of interactions between species at community level. Pollination of flowers with long corolla tubes by long-tongued hawkmoths has been invoked as a showcase model of co-evolution. Recently, optimal foraging models have predicted that there might be a close association between mouthparts' length and the corolla depth of the visited flowers, thus favouring trait convergence and specialization at community level. Here, we assessed whether hawkmoths more frequently pollinate plants with floral tube lengths similar to their proboscis lengths (morphological match hypothesis) against abundance -based processes (neutral hypothesis) and ecological trait mismatches constraints (forbidden links hypothesis), and how these processes structure hawkmoth - plant mutualistic networks from five communities in four biogeographical regions of South America. We found convergence in morphological traits across the five communities and that the distribution of morphological differences between hawkmoths and plants is consistent with expectations under the morphological match hypothesis in three of the five communities. In the two remaining communities, which are ecotones between two distinct biogeographical areas, interactions are better predicted by the neutral hypothesis. Our findings are consistent with the idea that diffuse co-evolution drives the evolution of extremely long proboscises and flower tubes, and highlight the importance of morphological traits, beyond the forbidden links hypothesis, in structuring interactions between mutualistic partners, revealing that the role of niche-based processes can be much more complex than previously known.
26931495	7	14	neutral	T077	C1254372
26931495	19	34	forbidden links	T077	C1254372
26931495	36	49	morphological	T082	C0543482
26931495	50	57	matches	T080	C1708943
26931495	66	74	assembly	T078	C0441833
26931495	78	89	mutualistic	T067	C1254366
26931495	90	98	hawkmoth	T204	C0599456
26931495	101	106	plant	T002	C0032098
26931495	107	115	networks	T169	C1882071
26931495	137	157	evolutionary ecology	T090	C0013546
26931495	179	204	co-evolutionary processes	T067	C1522240
26931495	211	219	patterns	T082	C0449774
26931495	223	235	interactions	T169	C1704675
26931495	244	251	species	T185	C1705920
26931495	255	264	community	T096	C0009462
26931495	265	270	level	T080	C0441889
26931495	272	283	Pollination	T040	C1522786
26931495	287	294	flowers	T002	C0330090
26931495	300	318	long corolla tubes	T002	C2699452
26931495	322	344	long-tongued hawkmoths	T204	C0599456
26931495	376	381	model	T075	C0026336
26931495	385	397	co-evolution	T045	C0015219
26931495	426	432	models	T075	C0026336
26931495	476	487	association	T080	C0439849
26931495	496	514	mouthparts' length	T081	C1444754
26931495	523	530	corolla	T002	C2699452
26931495	531	536	depth	T082	C0205125
26931495	552	559	flowers	T002	C0330090
26931495	576	581	trait	T032	C0599883
26931495	582	593	convergence	T052	C2700387
26931495	598	612	specialization	T090	C0037776
26931495	616	625	community	T096	C0009462
26931495	642	650	assessed	T052	C1516048
26931495	659	668	hawkmoths	T204	C0599456
26931495	685	701	pollinate plants	T002	C0032098
26931495	707	718	floral tube	T185	C2698828
26931495	719	726	lengths	T081	C1444754
26931495	744	753	proboscis	T204	C3463932
26931495	754	761	lengths	T081	C1444754
26931495	763	776	morphological	T082	C0543482
26931495	777	782	match	T080	C1708943
26931495	783	793	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
26931495	803	812	abundance	T080	C2346714
26931495	820	829	processes	T067	C1522240
26931495	831	849	neutral hypothesis	T078	C1512571
26931495	855	871	ecological trait	T032	C0599883
26931495	872	882	mismatches	T080	C1881865
26931495	883	894	constraints	T057	C2986806
26931495	896	911	forbidden links	T077	C1254372
26931495	912	922	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
26931495	939	948	processes	T067	C1522240
26931495	949	958	structure	T082	C0678594
26931495	959	967	hawkmoth	T204	C0599456
26931495	970	975	plant	T002	C0032098
26931495	976	996	mutualistic networks	T169	C1882071
26931495	1007	1018	communities	T096	C0009462
26931495	1027	1050	biogeographical regions	T083	C0017446
26931495	1054	1067	South America	T083	C0037713
26931495	1078	1089	convergence	T052	C2700387
26931495	1093	1106	morphological	T082	C0543482
26931495	1107	1113	traits	T032	C0599883
26931495	1130	1141	communities	T096	C0009462
26931495	1155	1167	distribution	T169	C1704711
26931495	1171	1184	morphological	T082	C0543482
26931495	1205	1214	hawkmoths	T204	C0599456
26931495	1219	1225	plants	T002	C0032098
26931495	1268	1281	morphological	T082	C0543482
26931495	1282	1287	match	T080	C1708943
26931495	1288	1298	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
26931495	1320	1331	communities	T096	C0009462
26931495	1354	1365	communities	T096	C0009462
26931495	1407	1428	biogeographical areas	T083	C0017446
26931495	1430	1442	interactions	T169	C1704675
26931495	1471	1489	neutral hypothesis	T078	C1512571
26931495	1495	1503	findings	T169	C2607943
26931495	1546	1558	co-evolution	T045	C0015219
26931495	1570	1579	evolution	T045	C0015219
26931495	1593	1609	long proboscises	T204	C3463932
26931495	1614	1626	flower tubes	T002	C0330090
26931495	1660	1673	morphological	T082	C0543482
26931495	1674	1680	traits	T032	C0599883
26931495	1693	1708	forbidden links	T077	C1254372
26931495	1709	1719	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
26931495	1736	1748	interactions	T169	C1704675
26931495	1757	1777	mutualistic partners	T078	C0441833
26931495	1798	1802	role	T077	C1705810
26931495	1806	1827	niche-based processes	T067	C1522240

26944725|t|Impact of totally laparoscopic combined management of colorectal cancer with synchronous hepatic metastases on severity of complications: a propensity-score -based analysis
26944725|a|Thanks to widespread diffusion of minimally invasive approach in the setting of both colorectal and hepatic surgeries, the interest in combined resections for colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases (SCLM) by totally laparoscopic approach (TLA) has increased. Aim of this study was to compare outcome of combined resections for SCLM performed by TLA or by open approach, in a propensity-score-based study. All 25 patients undergoing combined TLA for SCLM at San Raffaele Hospital in Milano were compared in a case-matched analysis with 25 out of 91 patients undergoing totally open approach (TOA group). Groups were matched with 1:2 ratio using propensity scores based on covariates representing disease severity. Main endpoints were postoperative morbidity and long-term outcome. The Modified Accordion Severity Grading System was used to quantify complications. The groups resulted comparable in terms of patients and disease characteristics. The TLA group, as compared to the TOA group, had lower blood loss (350 vs 600 mL), shorter postoperative stay (9 vs 12 days), lower postoperative morbidity index (0.14 vs 0.20) and severity score for complicated patients (0.60 vs 0.85). Colonic anastomosis leakage had the highest fractional complication burden in both groups. In spite of comparable long-term overall survival, the TLA group had better recurrence-free survival. TLA for combined resections is feasible, and its indications can be widened to encompass a larger population of patients, provided its benefits in terms of reduced overall risk and severity of complications, rapid functional recovery and favorable long-term outcomes.
26944725	18	30	laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
26944725	54	71	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
26944725	77	88	synchronous	T079	C0439580
26944725	89	107	hepatic metastases	T191	C0494165
26944725	140	156	propensity-score	T081	C2718044
26944725	164	172	analysis	T062	C0871424
26944725	207	234	minimally invasive approach	T061	C0282624
26944725	258	268	colorectal	T061	C2608114
26944725	273	290	hepatic surgeries	T061	C0193373
26944725	332	349	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
26944725	354	365	synchronous	T079	C0439580
26944725	366	382	liver metastases	T191	C0494165
26944725	384	388	SCLM	T191	C0494165
26944725	393	422	totally laparoscopic approach	T060	C0031150
26944725	424	427	TLA	T060	C0031150
26944725	512	516	SCLM	T191	C0494165
26944725	530	533	TLA	T060	C0031150
26944725	560	588	propensity-score-based study	T062	C0871424
26944725	597	605	patients	T101	C0030705
26944725	626	629	TLA	T060	C0031150
26944725	634	638	SCLM	T191	C0494165
26944725	642	663	San Raffaele Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
26944725	693	714	case-matched analysis	T062	C0024907
26944725	733	741	patients	T101	C0030705
26944725	753	774	totally open approach	T061	C4283938
26944725	776	785	TOA group	T098	C1257890
26944725	788	794	Groups	T098	C1257890
26944725	918	931	postoperative	T079	C0032790
26944725	932	941	morbidity	T081	C0026538
26944725	946	955	long-term	T079	C0443252
26944725	956	963	outcome	T169	C1274040
26944725	969	1011	Modified Accordion Severity Grading System	T058	C1273712
26944725	1091	1099	patients	T101	C0030705
26944725	1104	1127	disease characteristics	T046	C0599878
26944725	1133	1142	TLA group	T098	C1257890
26944725	1163	1172	TOA group	T098	C1257890
26944725	1184	1194	blood loss	T046	C0079027
26944725	1220	1233	postoperative	T079	C0032790
26944725	1261	1290	postoperative morbidity index	T170	C0580966
26944725	1310	1324	severity score	T081	C0457451
26944725	1341	1349	patients	T101	C0030705
26944725	1366	1385	Colonic anastomosis	T061	C0852681
26944725	1386	1393	leakage	T046	C0015376
26944725	1449	1455	groups	T098	C1257890
26944725	1512	1515	TLA	T060	C0031150
26944725	1512	1521	TLA group	T098	C1257890
26944725	1533	1557	recurrence-free survival	T033	C2919733
26944725	1559	1562	TLA	T060	C0031150
26944725	1671	1679	patients	T101	C0030705
26944725	1731	1735	risk	T078	C0035647
26944725	1740	1748	severity	T080	C0439793
26944725	1773	1792	functional recovery	T184	C0599766
26944725	1807	1816	long-term	T079	C0443252
26944725	1817	1825	outcomes	T169	C1274040

27010511|t|Application of an Analytical Solution as a Screening Tool for Sea Water Intrusion
27010511|a|Sea water intrusion into aquifers is problematic in many coastal areas. The physics and chemistry of this issue are complex, and sea water intrusion remains challenging to quantify. Simple assessment tools like analytical models offer advantages of rapid application, but their applicability to field situations is unclear. This study examines the reliability of a popular sharp-interface analytical approach for estimating the extent of sea water in a homogeneous coastal aquifer subjected to pumping and regional flow effects and under steady-state conditions. The analytical model is tested against observations from Canada, the United States, and Australia to assess its utility as an initial approximation of sea water extent for the purposes of rapid groundwater management decision making. The occurrence of sea water intrusion resulting in increased salinity at pumping wells was correctly predicted in approximately 60% of cases. Application of a correction to account for dispersion did not markedly improve the results. Failure of the analytical model to provide correct predictions can be attributed to mismatches between its simplifying assumptions and more complex field settings. The best results occurred where the toe of the salt water wedge is expected to be the closest to the coast under predevelopment conditions. Predictions were the poorest for aquifers where the salt water wedge was expected to extend further inland under predevelopment conditions and was therefore more dispersive prior to pumping. Sharp-interface solutions remain useful tools to screen for the vulnerability of coastal aquifers to sea water intrusion, although the significant sources of uncertainty identified in this study require careful consideration to avoid misinterpreting sharp-interface results.
27010511	0	11	Application	T169	C4048755
27010511	18	28	Analytical	T170	C0178476
27010511	29	37	Solution	T077	C2699488
27010511	43	52	Screening	T058	C0220908
27010511	53	57	Tool	T170	C0025663
27010511	62	71	Sea Water	T167	C0036499
27010511	72	81	Intrusion	T067	C1254366
27010511	82	91	Sea water	T167	C0036499
27010511	92	101	intrusion	T067	C1254366
27010511	107	115	aquifers	T070	C3178977
27010511	119	130	problematic	T033	C0033213
27010511	139	152	coastal areas	T082	C0557760
27010511	158	165	physics	T090	C0031837
27010511	170	179	chemistry	T169	C0079107
27010511	198	205	complex	T080	C0439855
27010511	211	220	sea water	T167	C0036499
27010511	221	230	intrusion	T067	C1254366
27010511	254	262	quantify	T081	C1709793
27010511	271	287	assessment tools	T170	C0282574
27010511	293	310	analytical models	T170	C0026350
27010511	337	348	application	T169	C4048755
27010511	411	416	study	T062	C2603343
27010511	455	490	sharp-interface analytical approach	T170	C0178476
27010511	495	505	estimating	T081	C0750572
27010511	520	529	sea water	T167	C0036499
27010511	535	546	homogeneous	T080	C1881065
27010511	547	554	coastal	T082	C0557760
27010511	555	562	aquifer	T070	C3178977
27010511	576	583	pumping	T169	C0205245
27010511	588	601	regional flow	T067	C1254366
27010511	602	609	effects	T080	C1280500
27010511	620	643	steady-state conditions	T070	C0678587
27010511	649	665	analytical model	T170	C0026350
27010511	669	675	tested	T169	C0039593
27010511	684	696	observations	T078	C1554188
27010511	702	708	Canada	T083	C0006823
27010511	714	727	United States	T083	C0041703
27010511	733	742	Australia	T083	C0004340
27010511	746	752	assess	T058	C0184514
27010511	771	778	initial	T079	C0205265
27010511	779	792	approximation	T061	C1283102
27010511	796	805	sea water	T167	C0036499
27010511	839	850	groundwater	T082	C0596631
27010511	851	861	management	T057	C1273870
27010511	862	877	decision making	T041	C0011109
27010511	883	893	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27010511	897	906	sea water	T167	C0036499
27010511	907	916	intrusion	T067	C1254366
27010511	930	939	increased	T081	C0205217
27010511	940	948	salinity	T034	C1956027
27010511	952	965	pumping wells	T073	C3146287
27010511	993	1006	approximately	T080	C0332232
27010511	1014	1019	cases	T169	C0868928
27010511	1021	1032	Application	T169	C4048755
27010511	1038	1048	correction	T169	C1947976
27010511	1064	1074	dispersion	T082	C0332624
27010511	1092	1099	improve	T033	C0184511
27010511	1104	1111	results	T169	C1274040
27010511	1113	1120	Failure	T169	C0231175
27010511	1128	1144	analytical model	T170	C0026350
27010511	1156	1163	correct	T080	C2349182
27010511	1164	1175	predictions	T078	C0681842
27010511	1197	1207	mismatches	T080	C1881865
27010511	1286	1293	results	T169	C1274040
27010511	1324	1334	salt water	T197	C0337055
27010511	1335	1340	wedge	T082	C0439639
27010511	1378	1383	coast	T083	C0017446
27010511	1390	1415	predevelopment conditions	T080	C0348080
27010511	1417	1428	Predictions	T078	C0681842
27010511	1450	1458	aquifers	T070	C3178977
27010511	1469	1479	salt water	T197	C0337055
27010511	1480	1485	wedge	T082	C0439639
27010511	1517	1523	inland	T083	C0442536
27010511	1530	1555	predevelopment conditions	T080	C0348080
27010511	1599	1606	pumping	T169	C0205245
27010511	1608	1633	Sharp-interface solutions	T077	C2699488
27010511	1648	1653	tools	T170	C0025663
27010511	1657	1663	screen	T058	C0220908
27010511	1672	1685	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
27010511	1689	1696	coastal	T082	C0557760
27010511	1697	1705	aquifers	T070	C3178977
27010511	1709	1718	sea water	T167	C0036499
27010511	1719	1728	intrusion	T067	C1254366
27010511	1797	1802	study	T062	C2603343
27010511	1858	1881	sharp-interface results	T169	C1274040

27059693|t|Patient - Physician Discordance in Global Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Literature Review With Meta-Analysis
27059693|a|The integration of the patient in therapeutic decision-making is important in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the patient opinion regarding disease status may differ from the physician's opinion. The aim of this study was to assess in the published literature the frequency and drivers of patient - physician discordance in global assessment in RA. A systematic literature review of all articles published up to January 2015 in Medline or Embase, reporting discordance in RA, was conducted by 2 investigators. Discordance was defined based on the absolute difference of patient global (PGA) and physician global assessments (PhGA) on 0-10-cm scales. The frequency of discordance and its predictors were collected in each study. Frequencies of discordance were pooled by meta-analysis using random effect. In all, 12 studies were selected (i.e., 11,879 patients): weighted mean ± SD age was 55.1 ± 13.9 years, weighted mean ± SD disease duration was 10.4 ± 9.3 years, and 80.7% were women. The value of the difference | PGA - PhGA | defining discordance varied between ≥0.5 cm (n = 2 studies) to ≥3 cm (n = 5 studies); the weighted mean value was 2.7 cm. The pooled percentage of patients with discordance was 43% (95% confidence interval 36%-51%; range 25%-76%). PGA was usually higher than PhGA. The drivers of PGA were pain and functional incapacity, whereas drivers of PhGA were joint counts and acute-phase reactants. Discordance in global assessment was most frequently defined as a difference of 3 points or more; even with such a stringent definition, up to half the patients were found to be discordant. The long-term consequences of this discordance remain to be determined.
27059693	0	7	Patient	T101	C0030705
27059693	10	19	Physician	T097	C0031831
27059693	20	31	Discordance	T080	C1705242
27059693	35	52	Global Assessment	T062	C0281858
27059693	56	76	Rheumatoid Arthritis	T047	C0003873
27059693	80	90	Systematic	T169	C0220922
27059693	91	108	Literature Review	T170	C0282441
27059693	114	127	Meta-Analysis	T062	C0920317
27059693	151	158	patient	T101	C0030705
27059693	162	173	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27059693	174	189	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27059693	210	220	management	T058	C0376636
27059693	224	244	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27059693	246	248	RA	T047	C0003873
27059693	259	266	patient	T101	C0030705
27059693	267	274	opinion	T041	C0871010
27059693	285	292	disease	T047	C0012634
27059693	293	299	status	T080	C0449438
27059693	320	331	physician's	T097	C0031831
27059693	332	339	opinion	T041	C0871010
27059693	357	362	study	T062	C2603343
27059693	370	376	assess	T052	C1516048
27059693	384	404	published literature	T170	C0023866
27059693	409	418	frequency	T079	C0376249
27059693	434	441	patient	T101	C0030705
27059693	444	453	physician	T097	C0031831
27059693	454	465	discordance	T080	C1705242
27059693	469	486	global assessment	T062	C0281858
27059693	490	492	RA	T047	C0003873
27059693	496	506	systematic	T169	C0220922
27059693	507	524	literature review	T170	C0282441
27059693	532	540	articles	T170	C1706852
27059693	541	550	published	T057	C0034037
27059693	573	580	Medline	T170	C0025141
27059693	584	590	Embase	T170	C0282574
27059693	602	613	discordance	T080	C1705242
27059693	617	619	RA	T047	C0003873
27059693	640	653	investigators	T097	C0035173
27059693	655	666	Discordance	T080	C1705242
27059693	692	711	absolute difference	T080	C1705242
27059693	715	729	patient global	T170	C4054229
27059693	731	734	PGA	T170	C4054229
27059693	740	768	physician global assessments	T062	C0281858
27059693	770	774	PhGA	T062	C0281858
27059693	799	808	frequency	T079	C0376249
27059693	812	823	discordance	T080	C1705242
27059693	832	842	predictors	T033	C0035648
27059693	866	871	study	T062	C2603343
27059693	873	884	Frequencies	T079	C0376249
27059693	888	899	discordance	T080	C1705242
27059693	905	911	pooled	T169	C2349200
27059693	915	928	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27059693	935	941	random	T080	C0439605
27059693	942	948	effect	T080	C1280500
27059693	961	968	studies	T062	C2603343
27059693	997	1005	patients	T101	C0030705
27059693	1008	1021	weighted mean	T081	C0444504
27059693	1027	1030	age	T032	C0001779
27059693	1047	1052	years	T079	C0439234
27059693	1054	1067	weighted mean	T081	C0444504
27059693	1073	1089	disease duration	T079	C0872146
27059693	1105	1110	years	T079	C0439234
27059693	1127	1132	women	T098	C0043210
27059693	1138	1143	value	T081	C1522609
27059693	1151	1161	difference	T081	C1705241
27059693	1164	1167	PGA	T170	C4054229
27059693	1170	1174	PhGA	T062	C0281858
27059693	1186	1197	discordance	T080	C1705242
27059693	1267	1286	weighted mean value	T081	C0444504
27059693	1303	1309	pooled	T169	C2349200
27059693	1310	1320	percentage	T081	C0439165
27059693	1324	1332	patients	T101	C0030705
27059693	1338	1349	discordance	T080	C1705242
27059693	1363	1382	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27059693	1392	1397	range	T081	C1514721
27059693	1408	1411	PGA	T170	C4054229
27059693	1424	1430	higher	T080	C0205250
27059693	1436	1440	PhGA	T062	C0281858
27059693	1457	1460	PGA	T170	C4054229
27059693	1466	1470	pain	T184	C0030193
27059693	1475	1485	functional	T169	C0205245
27059693	1486	1496	incapacity	T201	C3176592
27059693	1517	1521	PhGA	T062	C0281858
27059693	1527	1539	joint counts	T170	C0282574
27059693	1544	1565	acute-phase reactants	T116,T123	C0001347
27059693	1567	1578	Discordance	T080	C1705242
27059693	1582	1599	global assessment	T062	C0281858
27059693	1609	1619	frequently	T079	C0332183
27059693	1633	1643	difference	T080	C1705242
27059693	1710	1714	half	T081	C2825407
27059693	1719	1727	patients	T101	C0030705
27059693	1745	1755	discordant	T080	C1705242
27059693	1761	1770	long-term	T079	C0443252
27059693	1771	1783	consequences	T169	C0686907
27059693	1792	1803	discordance	T080	C1705242

27061776|t|Nosocomial pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus treated with linezolid or vancomycin: A secondary economic analysis of resource use from a Spanish perspective
27061776|a|Adopting a unique Spanish perspective, this study aims to assess healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and the costs of treating nosocomial pneumonia (NP) produced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitalized adults using linezolid or vancomycin. An evaluation is also made of the renal failure rate and related economic outcomes between study groups. An economic post hoc evaluation of a randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase 4 study was carried out. Nosocomial pneumonia due to MRSA in hospitalized adults. The modified intent to treat (mITT) population comprised 224 linezolid - and 224 vancomycin - treated patients. Costs and HCRU were evaluated between patients administered either linezolid or vancomycin, and between patients who developed renal failure and those who did not. Analysis of HCRU outcomes and costs. Total costs were similar between the linezolid - (€17,782±€9,615) and vancomycin - treated patients (€17,423±€9,460) (P=.69). The renal failure rate was significantly lower in the linezolid - treated patients (4% vs. 15%; P<.001). The total costs tended to be higher in patients who developed renal failure (€19,626±€10,840 vs. €17,388±€9,369; P=.14). Among the patients who developed renal failure, HCRU (days on mechanical ventilation: 13.2±10.7 vs. 7.6±3.6 days; P=.21; ICU stay: 14.4±10.5 vs. 9.9±6.6 days; P=.30; hospital stay: 19.5±9.5 vs. 16.1±11.0 days; P=.26) and cost (€17,219±€8,792 vs. €20,263±€11,350; P=.51) tended to be lower in the linezolid - vs. vancomycin - treated patients. There were no statistically significant differences in costs per patient - day between cohorts after correcting for mortality (€1000 vs. €1,010; P=.98). From a Spanish perspective, there were no statistically significant differences in total costs between the linezolid and vancomycin pneumonia cohorts. The drug cost corresponding to linezolid was partially offset by fewer renal failure adverse events.
27061776	0	20	Nosocomial pneumonia	T047	C0949083
27061776	31	74	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C1265292
27061776	75	87	treated with	T061	C0332293
27061776	88	97	linezolid	T109,T121	C0663241
27061776	101	111	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
27061776	125	142	economic analysis	T057	C0680954
27061776	146	158	resource use	T078	C1704738
27061776	166	173	Spanish	T083	C0037747
27061776	174	185	perspective	UnknownType	C0680951
27061776	204	211	Spanish	T083	C0037747
27061776	212	223	perspective	UnknownType	C0680951
27061776	230	235	study	T062	C2603343
27061776	251	282	healthcare resource utilization	T078	C1704738
27061776	284	288	HCRU	T078	C1704738
27061776	298	303	costs	T081	C0085552
27061776	307	315	treating	T169	C1522326
27061776	316	336	nosocomial pneumonia	T047	C0949083
27061776	338	340	NP	T047	C0949083
27061776	354	397	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C1265292
27061776	399	403	MRSA	T007	C1265292
27061776	408	427	hospitalized adults	T033	C0701159
27061776	434	443	linezolid	T109,T121	C0663241
27061776	447	457	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
27061776	493	506	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27061776	507	511	rate	T081	C1521828
27061776	524	541	economic outcomes	T169	C1274040
27061776	550	562	study groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27061776	576	595	post hoc evaluation	T058	C1254363
27061776	601	611	randomized	T062	C2986910
27061776	613	625	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27061776	627	652	multicenter phase 4 study	T062	C0282462
27061776	670	690	Nosocomial pneumonia	T047	C0949083
27061776	698	702	MRSA	T007	C1265292
27061776	706	725	hospitalized adults	T033	C0701159
27061776	731	755	modified intent to treat	T169	C1292734
27061776	757	761	mITT	T169	C1292734
27061776	763	773	population	T098	C1257890
27061776	788	797	linezolid	T109,T121	C0663241
27061776	808	818	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
27061776	821	828	treated	T061	C0332293
27061776	829	837	patients	T101	C0030705
27061776	839	844	Costs	T081	C0085552
27061776	849	853	HCRU	T078	C1704738
27061776	877	885	patients	T101	C0030705
27061776	886	898	administered	T169	C1521801
27061776	906	915	linezolid	T109,T121	C0663241
27061776	919	929	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
27061776	943	951	patients	T101	C0030705
27061776	966	979	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27061776	1015	1019	HCRU	T078	C1704738
27061776	1020	1028	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27061776	1033	1038	costs	T081	C0085552
27061776	1046	1051	costs	T081	C0085552
27061776	1077	1086	linezolid	T109,T121	C0663241
27061776	1110	1120	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
27061776	1123	1130	treated	T061	C0332293
27061776	1131	1139	patients	T101	C0030705
27061776	1170	1183	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27061776	1184	1188	rate	T081	C1521828
27061776	1220	1229	linezolid	T109,T121	C0663241
27061776	1232	1239	treated	T061	C0332293
27061776	1240	1248	patients	T101	C0030705
27061776	1281	1286	costs	T081	C0085552
27061776	1310	1318	patients	T101	C0030705
27061776	1333	1346	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27061776	1402	1410	patients	T101	C0030705
27061776	1425	1438	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27061776	1440	1444	HCRU	T078	C1704738
27061776	1446	1450	days	T079	C0439228
27061776	1454	1476	mechanical ventilation	T061	C0199470
27061776	1500	1504	days	T079	C0439228
27061776	1513	1521	ICU stay	T079	C1254367
27061776	1545	1549	days	T079	C0439228
27061776	1558	1571	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
27061776	1596	1600	days	T079	C0439228
27061776	1613	1617	cost	T081	C0085552
27061776	1688	1697	linezolid	T109,T121	C0663241
27061776	1704	1714	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
27061776	1717	1724	treated	T061	C0332293
27061776	1725	1733	patients	T101	C0030705
27061776	1790	1795	costs	T081	C0085552
27061776	1800	1807	patient	T101	C0030705
27061776	1810	1813	day	T079	C0439228
27061776	1822	1829	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27061776	1851	1860	mortality	T081	C0392762
27061776	1895	1902	Spanish	T083	C0037747
27061776	1903	1914	perspective	UnknownType	C0680951
27061776	1977	1982	costs	T081	C0085552
27061776	1995	2004	linezolid	T109,T121	C0663241
27061776	2009	2019	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
27061776	2020	2029	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27061776	2030	2037	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27061776	2043	2052	drug cost	T081	C0085123
27061776	2070	2079	linezolid	T109,T121	C0663241
27061776	2094	2100	offset	T081	C1711330
27061776	2110	2123	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27061776	2124	2138	adverse events	T046	C0877248

27086366|t|The Role of TRAF4 and B3GAT1 Gene Expression in the Food Hypersensitivity and Insect Venom Allergy in Mastocytosis
27086366|a|Mastocytosis is an uncommon disease classified as a myeloproliferative neoplasm, however, its symptoms are broad and place patients at crossroads between dermatology, hematology and allergology. Patients with mastocytosis often suffer from symptoms resulting from the activation and release of mediators from the mast cells, such as generalized itching, redness, headache, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, bone pain or arthritis, hypotension and shock. The possible severe, fatal or near fatal reactions caused by food hypersensitivity are reasons for the research focused on marker identification. The aim of the study was to analyse the gene expression differences in mastocytosis patients with and without food and drug hypersensitivity and insect venom allergy (IVA). A total of 57 Caucasian patients with mastocytosis were studied [median age 41.8; range 18-77 years; 15 (26.3 %) males and 42 (73.7 %) females]. Quantitative RT-PCRs of 11 genes plus ribosomal 18S RNA were run. Symptoms of food hypersensitivity were found in 12 patients (21 %), including 3 patients (13 %) with cutaneous mastocytosis (CM), and 9 (28 %) with indolent systemic mastocytosis (ISM). IVA was confirmed in 13 patients (22.8 %) including 6 patients (10.5 %) with CM, and 7 patients (12.3 %) with ISM. Drug hypersensitivity was diagnosed in 10 patients (17.5 %). Significant differences in the gene expression were found for TRAF4 (p = 0.008) in the comparison of the mastocytosis patients with and without concomitant food hypersensitivity. Furthermore significant differences were found in gene expression for B3GAT1 (p = 0.003) in patients with IVA compared to patients without insect sting anaphylaxis in the medical history. The expression of studied genes did not differ according to the presence of drug hypersensitivity. The TRAF4 expression was higher in mastocytosis patients with food hypersensitivity in their medical history, the B3GAT1 expression was lower in mastocytosis patients with IVA in history.
27086366	12	17	TRAF4	T028	C1336665
27086366	22	28	B3GAT1	T028	C1412716
27086366	29	44	Gene Expression	T045	C0017262
27086366	52	73	Food Hypersensitivity	T046	C0016470
27086366	78	98	Insect Venom Allergy	T046	C0020517
27086366	102	114	Mastocytosis	T047	C0024899
27086366	115	127	Mastocytosis	T047	C0024899
27086366	143	150	disease	T047	C0012634
27086366	167	194	myeloproliferative neoplasm	T191	C0027022
27086366	209	217	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27086366	238	246	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	269	280	dermatology	T091	C0011627
27086366	282	292	hematology	T091	C0018943
27086366	310	318	Patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	324	336	mastocytosis	T047	C0024899
27086366	355	363	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27086366	383	393	activation	T052	C1879547
27086366	428	438	mast cells	T025	C0024880
27086366	460	467	itching	T184	C0033774
27086366	469	476	redness	T047	C0041834
27086366	478	486	headache	T184	C0018681
27086366	488	504	abdominal cramps	T184	C0000729
27086366	506	514	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27086366	516	525	bone pain	T184	C0151825
27086366	529	538	arthritis	T047	C0003864
27086366	540	551	hypotension	T033	C0020649
27086366	556	561	shock	T046	C0036974
27086366	584	589	fatal	T080	C1302234
27086366	598	603	fatal	T080	C1302234
27086366	624	645	food hypersensitivity	T046	C0016470
27086366	686	692	marker	T201	C0005516
27086366	724	729	study	T062	C2603343
27086366	749	764	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27086366	780	792	mastocytosis	T047	C0024899
27086366	793	801	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	819	823	food	T046	C0016470
27086366	828	849	drug hypersensitivity	T046	C0013182
27086366	854	874	insect venom allergy	T046	C0020517
27086366	876	879	IVA	T046	C0020517
27086366	896	905	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27086366	906	914	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	920	932	mastocytosis	T047	C0024899
27086366	954	957	age	T032	C0001779
27086366	976	981	years	T079	C0439234
27086366	995	1000	males	T032	C0086582
27086366	1017	1024	females	T032	C0086287
27086366	1027	1047	Quantitative RT-PCRs	T063	C3179034
27086366	1054	1059	genes	T028	C0017337
27086366	1065	1082	ribosomal 18S RNA	T114,T123	C0035703
27086366	1093	1101	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
27086366	1105	1126	food hypersensitivity	T046	C0016470
27086366	1144	1152	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	1173	1181	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	1194	1216	cutaneous mastocytosis	T191	C1136033
27086366	1218	1220	CM	T191	C1136033
27086366	1241	1271	indolent systemic mastocytosis	T047	C0272203
27086366	1273	1276	ISM	T047	C0272203
27086366	1279	1282	IVA	T046	C0020517
27086366	1303	1311	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	1333	1341	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	1356	1358	CM	T191	C1136033
27086366	1366	1374	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	1389	1392	ISM	T047	C0272203
27086366	1394	1415	Drug hypersensitivity	T046	C0013182
27086366	1420	1429	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27086366	1436	1444	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	1486	1501	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27086366	1517	1522	TRAF4	T028	C1336665
27086366	1560	1572	mastocytosis	T047	C0024899
27086366	1573	1581	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	1611	1632	food hypersensitivity	T046	C0016470
27086366	1684	1699	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27086366	1704	1710	B3GAT1	T028	C1412716
27086366	1726	1734	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	1740	1743	IVA	T046	C0020517
27086366	1756	1764	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	1773	1785	insect sting	T037	C0079626
27086366	1786	1797	anaphylaxis	T046	C0002792
27086366	1826	1836	expression	T045	C0017262
27086366	1848	1853	genes	T028	C0017337
27086366	1898	1919	drug hypersensitivity	T046	C0013182
27086366	1925	1930	TRAF4	T028	C1336665
27086366	1931	1941	expression	T045	C0017262
27086366	1956	1968	mastocytosis	T047	C0024899
27086366	1969	1977	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	1983	2004	food hypersensitivity	T046	C0016470
27086366	2014	2029	medical history	T033	C0262926
27086366	2035	2041	B3GAT1	T028	C1412716
27086366	2042	2052	expression	T045	C0017262
27086366	2066	2078	mastocytosis	T047	C0024899
27086366	2079	2087	patients	T101	C0030705
27086366	2093	2096	IVA	T046	C0020517

27093899|t|Generalized Weakness in a Transplant Patient: A Case Presentation
27093899|a|Generalized weakness in transplant patients is a major complaint in tertiary rehabilitation hospitals. The diagnosis and management of generalized weakness in this population pose challenges for physicians. We present the case of a transplant patient with generalized weakness who was eventually diagnosed with calciphylaxis using a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach of electrodiagnostics, vascular study, and skin biopsy. Calciphylaxis is a rare cutaneous disorder that mimics other collagen vascular diseases in its presentation and fulminant course. Physiatrists should be cognizant of calciphylaxis, as it signals a poor prognosis if not correctly diagnosed and treated in a timely manner, with high incidence of sepsis, wound pain, and disability. V.
27093899	0	20	Generalized Weakness	T184	C3714552
27093899	26	36	Transplant	T033	C3841811
27093899	37	44	Patient	T101	C0030705
27093899	48	65	Case Presentation	T170	C0085973
27093899	66	86	Generalized weakness	T184	C3714552
27093899	90	100	transplant	T033	C3841811
27093899	101	109	patients	T101	C0030705
27093899	143	167	rehabilitation hospitals	T073,T093	C0337962
27093899	173	182	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27093899	187	197	management	T061	C1536570
27093899	201	221	generalized weakness	T184	C3714552
27093899	230	240	population	T098	C1257890
27093899	261	271	physicians	T097	C0031831
27093899	298	308	transplant	T033	C3841811
27093899	309	316	patient	T101	C0030705
27093899	322	342	generalized weakness	T184	C3714552
27093899	362	371	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27093899	377	390	calciphylaxis	T047	C0006666
27093899	399	436	multidisciplinary diagnostic approach	T060	C0729737
27093899	440	458	electrodiagnostics	T060	C0013816
27093899	460	468	vascular	T023	C0005847
27093899	469	474	study	T060	C0086143
27093899	480	491	skin biopsy	T060	C0150866
27093899	493	506	Calciphylaxis	T047	C0006666
27093899	517	535	cutaneous disorder	T047	C0037274
27093899	554	580	collagen vascular diseases	T047	C0262428
27093899	623	635	Physiatrists	T097	C0260138
27093899	659	672	calciphylaxis	T047	C0006666
27093899	690	704	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27093899	712	731	correctly diagnosed	T080	C0205556
27093899	736	743	treated	T169	C1522326
27093899	749	762	timely manner	T080	C3827828
27093899	774	783	incidence	T081	C0021149
27093899	787	793	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27093899	795	805	wound pain	T184	C0241745
27093899	811	821	disability	T033	C0231170

27113387|t|Use of ecoacoustics to determine biodiversity patterns across ecological gradients
27113387|a|The variety of local animal sounds characterizes a landscape. We used ecoacoustics to noninvasively assess the species richness of various biotopes typical of an ecofriendly forest plantation with diverse ecological gradients and both nonnative and indigenous vegetation. The reference area was an adjacent large World Heritage Site protected area (PA). All sites were in a global biodiversity hotspot. Our results showed how taxa segregated into various biotopes. We identified 65 singing species, including birds, frogs, crickets, and katydids. Large, natural, protected grassland sites in the PA had the highest mean acoustic diversity (14.1 species / site). Areas covered in nonnative timber or grass species were devoid of acoustic species. Sites grazed by native and domestic megaherbivores were fairly rich (5.1) in acoustic species but none were unique to this habitat type, where acoustic diversity was greater than in intensively managed grassland sites (0.04). Natural vegetation patches inside the plantation mosaic supported high mean acoustic diversity (indigenous forests 7.6, grasslands 8.0, wetlands 9.1), which increased as plant heterogeneity and patch size increased. Indigenous forest patches within the plantation mosaic contained a highly characteristic acoustic species assemblage, emphasizing their complementary contribution to local biodiversity. Overall, acoustic signals determined spatial biodiversity patterns and can be a useful tool for guiding conservation.
27113387	7	19	ecoacoustics	T057	C0242479
27113387	33	45	biodiversity	T080	C0282469
27113387	46	54	patterns	T082	C0449774
27113387	62	72	ecological	T082	C0565987
27113387	73	82	gradients	T081	C0812409
27113387	98	103	local	T082	C0205276
27113387	104	110	animal	T008	C0003062
27113387	111	117	sounds	T070	C0037709
27113387	118	131	characterizes	T078	C3875152
27113387	134	143	landscape	T082	C0870781
27113387	153	165	ecoacoustics	T057	C0242479
27113387	183	189	assess	T169	C0205245
27113387	194	201	species	T185	C1705920
27113387	214	221	various	T081	C0439064
27113387	222	230	biotopes	T083	C0017446
27113387	245	274	ecofriendly forest plantation	T070	C0086312
27113387	280	287	diverse	T080	C1880371
27113387	288	298	ecological	T082	C0565987
27113387	299	308	gradients	T081	C0812409
27113387	318	327	nonnative	T033	C2230122
27113387	332	342	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27113387	343	353	vegetation	T002	C0032098
27113387	359	368	reference	T077	C1706462
27113387	369	373	area	T083	C0017446
27113387	381	389	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27113387	396	430	World Heritage Site protected area	T083	C0017446
27113387	432	434	PA	T083	C0017446
27113387	441	446	sites	T082	C0205145
27113387	457	484	global biodiversity hotspot	T083	C0017446
27113387	490	497	results	T169	C1274040
27113387	509	513	taxa	T077	C1515221
27113387	514	524	segregated	T080	C0443299
27113387	530	537	various	T081	C0439064
27113387	538	546	biotopes	T083	C0017446
27113387	551	561	identified	T080	C0205396
27113387	565	572	singing	T055	C0042932
27113387	573	580	species	T185	C1705920
27113387	592	597	birds	T012	C0005595
27113387	599	604	frogs	T011	C0003459
27113387	606	614	crickets	T204	C0018288
27113387	620	628	katydids	T204	C0684063
27113387	630	635	Large	T081	C0549177
27113387	637	644	natural	T169	C0205296
27113387	656	671	grassland sites	T082	C0442534
27113387	679	681	PA	T083	C0017446
27113387	690	697	highest	T080	C1522410
27113387	698	721	mean acoustic diversity	T081	C0392762
27113387	728	735	species	T185	C1705920
27113387	738	742	site	T082	C0205145
27113387	745	750	Areas	T082	C0205146
27113387	762	778	nonnative timber	T002	C0032098
27113387	782	787	grass	T002	C0018210
27113387	788	795	species	T185	C1705920
27113387	811	827	acoustic species	T185	C1705920
27113387	829	834	Sites	T082	C0205145
27113387	845	851	native	T169	C0302891
27113387	856	864	domestic	T080	C1880391
27113387	865	879	megaherbivores	T008	C0562691
27113387	906	922	acoustic species	T185	C1705920
27113387	937	943	unique	T080	C1710548
27113387	952	964	habitat type	T082	C0871648
27113387	972	990	acoustic diversity	T080	C1880371
27113387	1031	1040	grassland	T082	C0442534
27113387	1041	1046	sites	T082	C0205145
27113387	1055	1073	Natural vegetation	T070	C0086312
27113387	1093	1110	plantation mosaic	T082	C1254362
27113387	1126	1149	mean acoustic diversity	T081	C0392762
27113387	1151	1161	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27113387	1162	1169	forests	T070	C0086312
27113387	1175	1185	grasslands	T082	C0442534
27113387	1191	1199	wetlands	T070	C1721088
27113387	1225	1230	plant	T002	C0032098
27113387	1231	1244	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27113387	1249	1259	patch size	T082	C0449456
27113387	1260	1269	increased	T081	C0205217
27113387	1271	1281	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27113387	1282	1296	forest patches	T070	C0086312
27113387	1308	1325	plantation mosaic	T082	C1254362
27113387	1345	1359	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27113387	1360	1376	acoustic species	T185	C1705920
27113387	1377	1387	assemblage	T078	C1254370
27113387	1421	1433	contribution	T052	C1880177
27113387	1437	1442	local	T082	C0205276
27113387	1443	1455	biodiversity	T080	C0282469
27113387	1466	1482	acoustic signals	T067	C0028263
27113387	1502	1514	biodiversity	T080	C0282469
27113387	1515	1523	patterns	T082	C0449774
27113387	1561	1573	conservation	T080	C2347858

27117874|t|A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial of Single Dose of Oral Dexamethasone Versus 5 Days of Oral Prednisone in Acute Adult Asthma
27117874|a|Oral dexamethasone demonstrates bioavailability similar to that of oral prednisone but has a longer half-life. We evaluate whether a single dose of oral dexamethasone plus 4 days of placebo is not inferior to 5 days of oral prednisone in treatment of adults with mild to moderate asthma exacerbations to prevent relapse defined as an unscheduled return visit for additional treatment for persistent or worsening asthma within 14 days. Adult emergency department patients (aged 18 to 55 years) were randomized to receive either a single dose of 12 mg of oral dexamethasone with 4 days of placebo or a 5- day course of oral prednisone 60 mg a day. Outcomes including relapse were assessed by a follow-up telephone interview at 2 weeks. One hundred seventy-three dexamethasone and 203 prednisone subjects completed the study regimen and telephone follow-up. The dexamethasone group by a small margin surpassed the preset 8% difference between groups for noninferiority in relapse rates within 14 days (12.1% versus 9.8%; difference 2.3%; 95% confidence interval -4.1% to 8.6%). Subjects in the 2 groups had similar rates of hospitalization for their relapse visit (dexamethasone 3.4% versus prednisone 2.9%; difference 0.5%; 95% confidence interval -4.1% to 3.1%). Adverse effect rates were generally the same in the 2 groups. A single dose of oral dexamethasone did not demonstrate noninferiority to prednisone for 5 days by a very small margin for treatment of adults with mild to moderate asthma exacerbations. Enhanced compliance and convenience may support the use of dexamethasone regardless.
27117874	2	44	Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial	T062	C0206035
27117874	48	59	Single Dose	T081	C0178602
27117874	63	81	Oral Dexamethasone	T200	C0360528
27117874	91	95	Days	T079	C0439228
27117874	99	114	Oral Prednisone	T200	C3216040
27117874	124	129	Adult	T100	C0001675
27117874	130	136	Asthma	T047	C0004096
27117874	137	155	Oral dexamethasone	T200	C0360528
27117874	156	168	demonstrates	T052	C3687625
27117874	169	184	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27117874	185	192	similar	T080	C2348205
27117874	204	219	oral prednisone	T200	C3216040
27117874	237	246	half-life	T079	C0018517
27117874	270	281	single dose	T081	C0178602
27117874	285	303	oral dexamethasone	T200	C0360528
27117874	304	308	plus	T169	C0332287
27117874	311	315	days	T079	C0439228
27117874	319	326	placebo	T122	C1696465
27117874	334	342	inferior	T082	C0542339
27117874	348	352	days	T079	C0439228
27117874	356	371	oral prednisone	T200	C3216040
27117874	375	384	treatment	T169	C1522326
27117874	388	394	adults	T100	C0001675
27117874	400	404	mild	T033	C0581124
27117874	408	416	moderate	T033	C0581125
27117874	417	437	asthma exacerbations	T033	C0349790
27117874	441	448	prevent	T169	C1292733
27117874	449	456	relapse	T067	C0035020
27117874	471	482	unscheduled	T079	C3854240
27117874	500	520	additional treatment	T033	C1706712
27117874	525	535	persistent	T047	C3266628
27117874	539	548	worsening	T080	C0332271
27117874	549	555	asthma	T047	C0004096
27117874	566	570	days	T079	C0439228
27117874	572	577	Adult	T100	C0001675
27117874	578	598	emergency department	T073,T093	C3840745
27117874	599	607	patients	T101	C0030705
27117874	609	613	aged	T032	C0001779
27117874	623	628	years	T079	C0439234
27117874	635	645	randomized	T062	C0034656
27117874	649	656	receive	T080	C1514756
27117874	666	677	single dose	T081	C0178602
27117874	690	708	oral dexamethasone	T200	C0360528
27117874	716	720	days	T079	C0439228
27117874	724	731	placebo	T122	C1696465
27117874	740	743	day	T079	C0439228
27117874	744	750	course	T079	C0750729
27117874	754	769	oral prednisone	T200	C3216040
27117874	778	781	day	T079	C0439228
27117874	783	791	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27117874	792	801	including	T169	C0332257
27117874	802	809	relapse	T067	C0035020
27117874	815	823	assessed	T052	C1516048
27117874	829	858	follow-up telephone interview	T058	C0178941
27117874	864	869	weeks	T079	C0439230
27117874	875	896	hundred seventy-three	T081	C0392762
27117874	897	910	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27117874	919	929	prednisone	T109,T121,T125	C0032952
27117874	930	938	subjects	T096	C0681850
27117874	939	948	completed	T080	C0205197
27117874	971	990	telephone follow-up	T058	C0178941
27117874	996	1009	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27117874	1010	1015	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27117874	1058	1068	difference	T080	C1705242
27117874	1077	1083	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27117874	1088	1102	noninferiority	T080	C0205556
27117874	1106	1113	relapse	T067	C0035020
27117874	1114	1119	rates	T081	C1521828
27117874	1130	1134	days	T079	C0439228
27117874	1155	1165	difference	T080	C1705242
27117874	1176	1195	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27117874	1212	1220	Subjects	T096	C0681850
27117874	1230	1236	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27117874	1249	1254	rates	T081	C1521828
27117874	1258	1273	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27117874	1284	1291	relapse	T067	C0035020
27117874	1292	1297	visit	T058	C1512346
27117874	1299	1312	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27117874	1325	1335	prednisone	T109,T121,T125	C0032952
27117874	1342	1352	difference	T080	C1705242
27117874	1363	1382	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27117874	1399	1413	Adverse effect	T080	C1280500
27117874	1414	1419	rates	T081	C1521828
27117874	1453	1459	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27117874	1463	1474	single dose	T081	C0178602
27117874	1478	1496	oral dexamethasone	T200	C0360528
27117874	1505	1516	demonstrate	T052	C3687625
27117874	1517	1531	noninferiority	T080	C0205556
27117874	1535	1545	prednisone	T109,T121,T125	C0032952
27117874	1552	1556	days	T079	C0439228
27117874	1584	1593	treatment	T169	C1522326
27117874	1597	1603	adults	T100	C0001675
27117874	1609	1613	mild	T033	C0581124
27117874	1617	1625	moderate	T033	C0581125
27117874	1626	1646	asthma exacerbations	T033	C0349790
27117874	1648	1656	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
27117874	1657	1667	compliance	T033	C3714738
27117874	1672	1683	convenience	T080	C3831015
27117874	1700	1703	use	T169	C0457083
27117874	1707	1720	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777

27121486|t|Relationship between XspI Site Polymorphisms of LDL-R Gene and Serum IL-2 and IL-10 in Patients with Hypercholesterolemia
27121486|a|Relationship has been identified in sporadic reports between polymorphisms and hypercholesterolemia. However, the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and polymorphism of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene in hypercholesterolemia is unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship and significance between polymorphisms of LDL-R gene and serum Interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-10 in patients with hypercholesterolemia. PCR-RFLP and direct DNA sequencing assay were employed to determine polymorphism of LDL-R gene in 900 patients with hypercholesterolemia and 400 healthy cases. ELISA was applied to assay serum concentration of IL-2 and IL-10. Blood lipid indexes were tested in all cases. Compared with the healthy controls, level of IL-2 increased significantly, while IL-10 decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that IL-2 was positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, and genotype (r = 0.542, 0.410, 0.598, P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with HDL-c (r = -0.352, P < 0.05). Negative relationship also was found between TC, LDL-c, genotype, and IL-10 (r = -0.452, -0.390, -0.613, P < 0.05), and positive correlation between HDL-c and IL-10 (r = 0.398, P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that genotypes and TC were independent factors affecting the levels of IL-2 and IL-10 (P < 0.05). IL-2 and IL-10 were related to gene polymorphisms of LDL-R, which might be involved in the development and progress of hypercholesterolemia.
27121486	0	12	Relationship	T080	C0439849
27121486	21	25	XspI	T116,T126	C0752931
27121486	26	44	Site Polymorphisms	T049	C1709929
27121486	48	58	LDL-R Gene	T028	C1366529
27121486	63	73	Serum IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27121486	78	83	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27121486	87	95	Patients	T101	C0030705
27121486	101	121	Hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
27121486	122	134	Relationship	T080	C0439849
27121486	144	154	identified	T080	C0205396
27121486	158	174	sporadic reports	T033	C0243095
27121486	183	196	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27121486	201	221	hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
27121486	236	248	relationship	T080	C0439849
27121486	257	269	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27121486	270	279	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27121486	284	296	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27121486	300	345	low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) gene	T028	C1366529
27121486	349	369	hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
27121486	373	380	unclear	T033	C3845108
27121486	387	392	study	T062	C2603343
27121486	393	398	aimed	T078	C1947946
27121486	414	426	relationship	T080	C0439849
27121486	431	443	significance	T078	C0750502
27121486	452	465	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27121486	469	479	LDL-R gene	T028	C1366529
27121486	484	503	serum Interleukin-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27121486	505	509	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27121486	512	517	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27121486	521	529	patients	T101	C0030705
27121486	535	555	hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
27121486	557	565	PCR-RFLP	T059	C0200930
27121486	570	597	direct DNA sequencing assay	T059,T063	C0917792
27121486	603	611	employed	T033	C0557351
27121486	625	637	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27121486	641	651	LDL-R gene	T028	C1366529
27121486	659	667	patients	T101	C0030705
27121486	673	693	hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
27121486	702	709	healthy	T080	C3898900
27121486	710	715	cases	T169	C0868928
27121486	717	722	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27121486	727	734	applied	T169	C4048755
27121486	738	763	assay serum concentration	T081	C0683149
27121486	767	771	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27121486	776	781	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27121486	783	794	Blood lipid	T109	C0596192
27121486	795	802	indexes	T170	C0600653
27121486	808	814	tested	T169	C0039593
27121486	822	827	cases	T169	C0868928
27121486	829	837	Compared	T052	C1707455
27121486	847	863	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27121486	865	870	level	T080	C0441889
27121486	874	878	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27121486	879	888	increased	T081	C0205217
27121486	889	902	significantly	T078	C0750502
27121486	910	915	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27121486	916	925	decreased	T081	C0205216
27121486	926	939	significantly	T078	C0750502
27121486	952	972	Correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
27121486	985	989	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27121486	994	1004	positively	T033	C3843166
27121486	1005	1015	correlated	T080	C1707520
27121486	1021	1038	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
27121486	1040	1042	TC	T109	C0543421
27121486	1045	1050	LDL-c	T109,T123	C0023824
27121486	1056	1064	genotype	T032	C0017431
27121486	1105	1115	negatively	T033	C0243095
27121486	1116	1126	correlated	T080	C1707520
27121486	1132	1137	HDL-c	T109,T123	C0023822
27121486	1162	1170	Negative	T033	C0205160
27121486	1171	1183	relationship	T080	C0439849
27121486	1207	1209	TC	T109	C0543421
27121486	1211	1216	LDL-c	T109,T123	C0023824
27121486	1218	1226	genotype	T032	C0017431
27121486	1232	1237	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27121486	1282	1290	positive	T033	C1446409
27121486	1291	1302	correlation	T080	C1707520
27121486	1311	1316	HDL-c	T109,T123	C0023822
27121486	1321	1326	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27121486	1350	1376	Multiple linear regression	T081	C0023733
27121486	1389	1398	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27121486	1403	1405	TC	T109	C0543421
27121486	1411	1422	independent	T078	C0085862
27121486	1423	1430	factors	T169	C1521761
27121486	1431	1440	affecting	T169	C0392760
27121486	1445	1459	levels of IL-2	T059	C0022885
27121486	1455	1459	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27121486	1464	1469	IL-10	T059	C0022885
27121486	1482	1486	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27121486	1491	1496	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27121486	1502	1509	related	T080	C0439849
27121486	1513	1531	gene polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27121486	1535	1540	LDL-R	T028	C1366529
27121486	1557	1565	involved	T169	C1314939
27121486	1573	1584	development	T169	C1527148
27121486	1589	1597	progress	T169	C1280477
27121486	1601	1621	hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443

27131339|t|HERG1 potassium channel expression in potentially malignant disorders of the oral mucosa and prognostic relevance in oral squamous cell carcinoma
27131339|a|HERG1 potassium channel plays a critical role in the cell proliferation. HERG1 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 62 patients with oral leukoplakias and 100 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). HERG1 mRNA levels were assessed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 22 patients with primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Statistically significant associations were found between HERG1 expression and tobacco consumption, disease stage, tumor differentiation, tumor recurrence, and reduced survival. There was no association between HERG1 expression and the risk of progression from oral leukoplakia to OSCC. In addition, a high proportion of tumors (80%) showed increased HERG1 mRNA levels compared to normal mucosa from nononcologic patients. Aberrant HERG1 expression increases as oral tumorigenesis progresses from oral hyperplasia to OSCC. Increased HERG1 mRNA levels were also frequently detected in OSCC and other HNSCC subsites. HERG1 expression emerges as a clinically relevant feature during tumor progression and a potential poor prognostic biomarker for OSCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1708-1716, 2016.
27131339	0	5	HERG1	T116,T123	C1566128
27131339	6	23	potassium channel	T116,T123	C0032824
27131339	24	34	expression	T045	C1171362
27131339	38	49	potentially	T080	C3245505
27131339	50	69	malignant disorders	T191	C0006826
27131339	77	88	oral mucosa	T023	C0026639
27131339	93	103	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27131339	104	113	relevance	T080	C2347946
27131339	117	145	oral squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0585362
27131339	146	151	HERG1	T116,T123	C1566128
27131339	152	169	potassium channel	T116,T123	C0032824
27131339	178	186	critical	T080	C1511545
27131339	187	191	role	T077	C1705810
27131339	199	217	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27131339	219	232	HERG1 protein	T116,T123	C1566128
27131339	233	243	expression	T045	C1171362
27131339	248	256	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27131339	260	280	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27131339	282	285	IHC	T060	C0021044
27131339	293	301	patients	T101	C0030705
27131339	307	324	oral leukoplakias	T191	C0023532
27131339	333	341	patients	T101	C0030705
27131339	347	376	oral squamous cell carcinomas	T191	C0585362
27131339	378	382	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27131339	385	390	HERG1	T028	C1416571
27131339	391	395	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27131339	396	402	levels	T080	C0441889
27131339	408	416	assessed	T052	C1516048
27131339	420	477	real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0599161
27131339	479	485	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27131339	493	501	patients	T101	C0030705
27131339	507	514	primary	T080	C0205225
27131339	515	552	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C1168401
27131339	554	559	HNSCC	T191	C1168401
27131339	562	587	Statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27131339	588	600	associations	T080	C0439849
27131339	620	625	HERG1	T116,T123	C1566128
27131339	626	636	expression	T045	C1171362
27131339	641	660	tobacco consumption	T055	C0543414
27131339	662	675	disease stage	T060	C0699749
27131339	677	682	tumor	T191	C0027651
27131339	683	698	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27131339	700	716	tumor recurrence	T191	C0521158
27131339	722	729	reduced	T080	C0392756
27131339	730	738	survival	T052	C0038952
27131339	750	752	no	T169	C1518422
27131339	753	764	association	T080	C0439849
27131339	773	778	HERG1	T116,T123	C1566128
27131339	779	789	expression	T045	C1171362
27131339	798	802	risk	T078	C0035647
27131339	806	817	progression	T191	C0178874
27131339	823	839	oral leukoplakia	T191	C0023532
27131339	843	847	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27131339	864	868	high	T080	C0205250
27131339	869	879	proportion	T081	C1709707
27131339	883	889	tumors	T191	C0027651
27131339	903	912	increased	T081	C0205217
27131339	913	918	HERG1	T028	C1416571
27131339	919	923	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27131339	924	930	levels	T080	C0441889
27131339	931	939	compared	T052	C1707455
27131339	943	956	normal mucosa	T024	C0026724
27131339	962	983	nononcologic patients	T101	C0030705
27131339	985	993	Aberrant	T080	C0443127
27131339	994	999	HERG1	T116,T123	C1566128
27131339	1000	1010	expression	T045	C1171362
27131339	1011	1020	increases	T169	C0442805
27131339	1029	1053	tumorigenesis progresses	T191	C0178874
27131339	1059	1075	oral hyperplasia	T046	C1400010
27131339	1079	1083	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27131339	1085	1094	Increased	T081	C0205217
27131339	1095	1100	HERG1	T028	C1416571
27131339	1101	1105	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27131339	1106	1112	levels	T080	C0441889
27131339	1134	1142	detected	T033	C0442726
27131339	1146	1150	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27131339	1161	1166	HNSCC	T191	C1168401
27131339	1167	1175	subsites	T082	C1710234
27131339	1177	1182	HERG1	T116,T123	C1566128
27131339	1183	1193	expression	T045	C1171362
27131339	1207	1217	clinically	T080	C0205210
27131339	1218	1226	relevant	T080	C2347946
27131339	1227	1234	feature	T080	C2348519
27131339	1242	1259	tumor progression	T191	C0178874
27131339	1266	1275	potential	T080	C3245505
27131339	1276	1280	poor	T080	C2700379
27131339	1281	1291	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27131339	1292	1301	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27131339	1306	1310	OSCC	T191	C0585362

27172917|t|Malignancy is associated with microcalcification and higher AP/T ratio in ultrasonography, but not with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in histopathology in patients with thyroid nodules evaluated as Bethesda Category III (AUS / FLUS) in cytology
27172917|a|The predictors of malignancy are important for the decision of appropriate management in nodules with atypia of undetermined significance / follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS / FLUS). Our aim was to determine the ultrasonographical, clinical, and biochemical predictors of malignancy in these patients. A total of 427 patients with cytologically Bethesda Category III (AUS / FLUS) thyroid nodules were included in this retrospective study. We divided the nodules into two subgroups according to the histopathology as benign and malignant, and compared the preoperative ultrasonographical, clinical, and biochemical findings. In overall, 427 patients with 449 AUS / FLUS nodules who had undergone surgery, the rate of malignancy was 23.4 % (105/449). When evaluated separately, the rate of malignancy was 25.8 % in nodules with AUS (82/318) and 17.6 % in nodules with FLUS (23/131) (p = 0.061). The vast majority of malignant specimens in histopathology consisted of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) (n = 91, 86.7 %). Preoperative ultrasonographic features of 105 malignant nodules in histopathology were compared with the 344 benign nodules in histopathology. Anteroposterior/Transverse (AP/T) ratio was significantly higher in malignant group compared to benign group (p = 0.013). In multiple logistic analysis, we found that higher AP/T ratio and microcalcification were independently associated with malignancy (p < 0.05). The malignancy -associated cut-off value of AP/T ratio at maximum sensitivity and specificity was ≥0.81. We did not find any correlation between malignancy and Hashimoto's thyroiditis in histopathology in multivariate analysis (p > 0.05). In Bethesda Category III nodules with higher AP/T ratio and microcalcification, surgery might be considered as a first therapeutic option instead of repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy or observation.
27172917	0	10	Malignancy	T191	C4282132
27172917	14	29	associated with	T080	C0332281
27172917	30	48	microcalcification	T046	C0521174
27172917	53	70	higher AP/T ratio	T081	C0456603
27172917	74	89	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27172917	104	127	Hashimoto's thyroiditis	T047	C0677607
27172917	131	145	histopathology	T059	C0430445
27172917	149	157	patients	T101	C0030705
27172917	163	178	thyroid nodules	T191	C0040137
27172917	192	213	Bethesda Category III	T191	C0040137
27172917	215	218	AUS	T049	C0522580
27172917	221	225	FLUS	T033	C1272585
27172917	230	238	cytology	T059	C1305671
27172917	243	253	predictors	T170	C0683956
27172917	257	267	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27172917	314	324	management	T058	C0376636
27172917	328	335	nodules	T191	C0040137
27172917	341	376	atypia of undetermined significance	T049	C0522580
27172917	379	425	follicular lesion of undetermined significance	T033	C1272585
27172917	427	430	AUS	T049	C0522580
27172917	433	437	FLUS	T033	C1272585
27172917	469	487	ultrasonographical	T170	C0683956
27172917	489	497	clinical	T170	C0683956
27172917	503	525	biochemical predictors	T170	C0683956
27172917	529	539	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27172917	549	557	patients	T101	C0030705
27172917	574	582	patients	T101	C0030705
27172917	588	623	cytologically Bethesda Category III	T191	C0040137
27172917	625	628	AUS	T049	C0522580
27172917	631	635	FLUS	T033	C1272585
27172917	637	652	thyroid nodules	T191	C0040137
27172917	675	694	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27172917	711	718	nodules	T191	C0040137
27172917	728	737	subgroups	T098	C1257890
27172917	755	769	histopathology	T059	C0430445
27172917	773	779	benign	T080	C0205183
27172917	784	793	malignant	T080	C0205282
27172917	812	824	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27172917	825	843	ultrasonographical	T201	C1720195
27172917	845	853	clinical	T201	C3854293
27172917	859	879	biochemical findings	T033	C0243095
27172917	897	905	patients	T101	C0030705
27172917	915	918	AUS	T049	C0522580
27172917	921	925	FLUS	T033	C1272585
27172917	926	933	nodules	T191	C0040137
27172917	952	959	surgery	T061	C0543467
27172917	973	983	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27172917	1045	1055	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27172917	1070	1077	nodules	T191	C0040137
27172917	1083	1086	AUS	T049	C0522580
27172917	1110	1117	nodules	T191	C0040137
27172917	1123	1127	FLUS	T033	C1272585
27172917	1171	1190	malignant specimens	T077	C2347026
27172917	1194	1208	histopathology	T059	C0430445
27172917	1222	1249	papillary thyroid carcinoma	T191	C0238463
27172917	1251	1254	PTC	T191	C0238463
27172917	1274	1286	Preoperative	T079	C0445204
27172917	1287	1312	ultrasonographic features	T201	C1720195
27172917	1320	1337	malignant nodules	T191	C0040137
27172917	1341	1355	histopathology	T059	C0430445
27172917	1383	1397	benign nodules	T191	C0749467
27172917	1401	1415	histopathology	T059	C0430445
27172917	1417	1456	Anteroposterior/Transverse (AP/T) ratio	T081	C0456603
27172917	1485	1500	malignant group	T098	C1257890
27172917	1513	1525	benign group	T098	C1257890
27172917	1542	1568	multiple logistic analysis	T062	C0936012
27172917	1584	1601	higher AP/T ratio	T081	C0456603
27172917	1606	1624	microcalcification	T046	C0521174
27172917	1644	1659	associated with	T080	C0332281
27172917	1660	1670	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27172917	1687	1697	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27172917	1727	1737	AP/T ratio	T081	C0456603
27172917	1749	1776	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
27172917	1808	1819	correlation	T080	C1707520
27172917	1828	1838	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27172917	1843	1866	Hashimoto's thyroiditis	T047	C0677607
27172917	1870	1884	histopathology	T059	C0430445
27172917	1888	1909	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27172917	1925	1954	Bethesda Category III nodules	T191	C0040137
27172917	1960	1977	higher AP/T ratio	T081	C0456603
27172917	1982	2000	microcalcification	T046	C0521174
27172917	2002	2009	surgery	T061	C0543467
27172917	2078	2107	fine-needle aspiration biopsy	T060	C1510483
27172917	2111	2122	observation	T062	C0302523

27196563|t|Low serum vitamin D is associated with higher cortical porosity in elderly men
27196563|a|Bone loss at peripheral sites in the elderly is mainly cortical and involves increased cortical porosity. However, an association between bone loss at these sites and 25-hydroxyvitamin D has not been reported. To investigate the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone microstructure and areal bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly men. A population -based cohort of 444 elderly men (mean ± SD age 80.2 ± 3.5 years) was investigated. Bone microstructure was measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, areal BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels by immunoassay. Mean cortical porosity at the distal tibia was 14.7% higher (12.5 ± 4.3% vs. 10.9 ± 4.1%, P < 0.05) whilst cortical volumetric BMD, area, trabecular bone volume fraction and femoral neck areal BMD were lower in men in the lowest quartile of vitamin D levels compared to the highest. In men with vitamin D deficiency (<25 nmol L(-1)) or insufficiency [25-49 nmol L(-1), in combination with an elevated serum level of parathyroid hormone (>6.8 pmol L(-1))], cortical porosity was 17.2% higher than in vitamin D - sufficient men (P < 0.01). A linear regression model including age, weight, height, daily calcium intake, physical activity, smoking vitamin D supplementation and parathyroid hormone showed that 25-hydroxyvitamin D independently predicted cortical porosity (standardized β = -0.110, R(2) = 1.1%, P = 0.024), area (β = 0.123, R(2) = 1.4%, P = 0.007) and cortical volumetric BMD (β = 0.125, R(2) = 1.4%, P = 0.007) of the tibia as well as areal BMD of the femoral neck (β = 0.102, R(2) = 0.9%, P = 0.04). Serum vitamin D is associated with cortical porosity, area and density, indicating that bone fragility as a result of low vitamin D could be due to changes in cortical bone microstructure and geometry.
27196563	0	3	Low	T080	C0205251
27196563	4	9	serum	T031	C0229671
27196563	10	19	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27196563	23	38	associated with	T080	C0332281
27196563	46	54	cortical	T023	C0222652
27196563	55	63	porosity	T080	C0080037
27196563	67	74	elderly	T098	C0001792
27196563	75	78	men	T098	C0025266
27196563	79	88	Bone loss	T047	C0029453
27196563	92	102	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27196563	103	108	sites	T029	C1515974
27196563	116	123	elderly	T098	C0001792
27196563	134	142	cortical	T023	C0222652
27196563	156	165	increased	T081	C0205217
27196563	166	174	cortical	T023	C0222652
27196563	175	183	porosity	T080	C0080037
27196563	197	208	association	T080	C0439849
27196563	217	226	bone loss	T047	C0029453
27196563	236	241	sites	T029	C1515974
27196563	246	265	25-hydroxyvitamin D	T109,T127	C0535968
27196563	292	303	investigate	T169	C1292732
27196563	308	319	association	T080	C0439849
27196563	328	333	serum	T031	C0229671
27196563	334	363	levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D	T059	C2984945
27196563	365	384	bone microstructure	T023	C0262950
27196563	389	415	areal bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
27196563	417	420	BMD	T201	C0005938
27196563	425	432	elderly	T098	C0001792
27196563	433	436	men	T098	C0025266
27196563	440	450	population	T098	C1257890
27196563	458	464	cohort	T098	C0599755
27196563	472	479	elderly	T098	C0001792
27196563	480	483	men	T098	C0025266
27196563	495	498	age	T032	C0001779
27196563	510	515	years	T079	C1510829
27196563	521	533	investigated	T169	C1292732
27196563	535	554	Bone microstructure	T023	C0262950
27196563	571	630	high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27196563	632	641	areal BMD	T201	C0005938
27196563	645	677	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
27196563	682	687	serum	T031	C0229671
27196563	688	707	25-hydroxyvitamin D	T059	C2984945
27196563	712	738	parathyroid hormone levels	T059	C0202159
27196563	742	753	immunoassay	T059	C0020980
27196563	755	759	Mean	T081	C0444504
27196563	760	768	cortical	T023	C0222652
27196563	769	777	porosity	T080	C0080037
27196563	785	797	distal tibia	T023	C0588200
27196563	862	870	cortical	T023	C0222652
27196563	871	885	volumetric BMD	T201	C0005938
27196563	887	891	area	T082	C0205146
27196563	893	908	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
27196563	909	924	volume fraction	T081	C0560268
27196563	929	941	femoral neck	T023	C0015815
27196563	942	951	areal BMD	T201	C0005938
27196563	966	969	men	T098	C0025266
27196563	984	992	quartile	T080	C2828255
27196563	996	1012	vitamin D levels	T059	C0919758
27196563	1041	1044	men	T098	C0025266
27196563	1050	1070	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
27196563	1091	1104	insufficiency	T169	C0231179
27196563	1147	1155	elevated	T080	C3163633
27196563	1156	1161	serum	T031	C0229671
27196563	1162	1190	level of parathyroid hormone	T059	C0202159
27196563	1211	1219	cortical	T023	C0222652
27196563	1220	1228	porosity	T080	C0080037
27196563	1254	1263	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27196563	1266	1276	sufficient	T080	C0205410
27196563	1277	1280	men	T098	C0025266
27196563	1295	1312	linear regression	T081	C0023733
27196563	1313	1318	model	T170	C3161035
27196563	1329	1332	age	T032	C0001779
27196563	1334	1340	weight	T032	C0005910
27196563	1342	1348	height	T032	C0005890
27196563	1350	1370	daily calcium intake	T061	C2183363
27196563	1372	1389	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27196563	1391	1398	smoking	T055	C0037369
27196563	1399	1408	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27196563	1409	1424	supplementation	T121	C0302837
27196563	1429	1448	parathyroid hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0030520
27196563	1461	1480	25-hydroxyvitamin D	T109,T127	C0535968
27196563	1505	1513	cortical	T023	C0222652
27196563	1514	1522	porosity	T080	C0080037
27196563	1574	1578	area	T082	C0205146
27196563	1619	1627	cortical	T023	C0222652
27196563	1628	1642	volumetric BMD	T201	C0005938
27196563	1686	1691	tibia	T023	C0040184
27196563	1703	1712	areal BMD	T201	C0005938
27196563	1720	1732	femoral neck	T023	C0015815
27196563	1769	1774	Serum	T031	C0229671
27196563	1775	1784	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27196563	1788	1803	associated with	T080	C0332281
27196563	1804	1812	cortical	T023	C0222652
27196563	1813	1821	porosity	T080	C0080037
27196563	1823	1827	area	T082	C0205146
27196563	1832	1839	density	T201	C0005938
27196563	1857	1861	bone	T023	C0262950
27196563	1862	1871	fragility	T049	C0302113
27196563	1887	1890	low	T080	C0205251
27196563	1891	1900	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27196563	1917	1924	changes	T169	C0392747
27196563	1928	1936	cortical	T023	C0222652
27196563	1937	1956	bone microstructure	T023	C0262950
27196563	1961	1969	geometry	T082	C0678594

27213687|t|Nationwide reduction in the number of corneal transplantations for keratoconus following the implementation of cross-linking
27213687|a|Keratoconus is characterized by corneal ectasia and irregular astigmatism, which can lead to diminished vision and corneal scarring. Approximately 10-20% of patients with keratoconus eventually require a corneal transplant. Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a relatively new treatment that may help prevent the need for corneal transplantation. Here, we investigated whether the introduction of CXL has reduced the number of corneal transplants performed annually. Data regarding the transplantation procedures performed in patients under the age of 50 years were extracted from the Dutch National Organ Transplant Registry. The number of corneal transplants performed prior to (i.e. in 2005 through 2007) and following the introduction of CXL (i.e. in 2012 through 2014) were compared. Furthermore, a trend analysis on annual keratoplasties over time was performed. Approximately 25% fewer corneal transplants were performed in the 3- year period following the introduction of CXL compared to the 3- year period prior to the introduction of CXL (201 versus 269 transplants, respectively; p = 0.005). Age, gender and visual acuity were similar between the patient groups in the two time periods. Trend analysis also demonstrated a significant decrease in the amount of corneal transplants (p = 0.001). Significantly fewer corneal transplants were performed for treating keratoconus following the nationwide introduction of CXL. This reduction suggests that corneal cross-linking can significantly reduce the need for corneal transplantation.
27213687	0	10	Nationwide	T082	C1254362
27213687	11	20	reduction	T081	C0547047
27213687	38	62	corneal transplantations	T061	C0010042
27213687	67	78	keratoconus	T047	C0022578
27213687	93	107	implementation	T052	C1708476
27213687	111	124	cross-linking	T061	C4065848
27213687	125	136	Keratoconus	T047	C0022578
27213687	157	172	corneal ectasia	T047	C0155135
27213687	177	198	irregular astigmatism	T047	C0152194
27213687	218	235	diminished vision	T047	C0042798
27213687	240	256	corneal scarring	T033	C0349702
27213687	282	290	patients	T101	C0030705
27213687	296	307	keratoconus	T047	C0022578
27213687	329	347	corneal transplant	T061	C0010042
27213687	349	370	Corneal cross-linking	T061	C4065848
27213687	372	375	CXL	T061	C4065848
27213687	397	406	treatment	T061	C0087111
27213687	442	465	corneal transplantation	T061	C0010042
27213687	476	488	investigated	T169	C1292732
27213687	501	513	introduction	T169	C0579004
27213687	517	520	CXL	T061	C4065848
27213687	547	566	corneal transplants	T061	C0010042
27213687	567	576	performed	T169	C0884358
27213687	577	585	annually	T079	C0332181
27213687	587	591	Data	T078	C1511726
27213687	606	632	transplantation procedures	T061	C0040732
27213687	633	642	performed	T169	C0884358
27213687	646	654	patients	T101	C0030705
27213687	665	668	age	T032	C0001779
27213687	675	680	years	T079	C0439234
27213687	705	745	Dutch National Organ Transplant Registry	T170	C0034975
27213687	761	780	corneal transplants	T061	C0010042
27213687	781	790	performed	T169	C0884358
27213687	846	858	introduction	T169	C0579004
27213687	862	865	CXL	T061	C4065848
27213687	899	907	compared	T052	C1707455
27213687	924	938	trend analysis	UnknownType	C0681702
27213687	942	948	annual	T079	C0332181
27213687	949	963	keratoplasties	T061	C0010042
27213687	978	987	performed	T169	C0884358
27213687	1013	1032	corneal transplants	T061	C0010042
27213687	1038	1047	performed	T169	C0884358
27213687	1058	1062	year	T079	C0439234
27213687	1084	1096	introduction	T169	C0579004
27213687	1100	1103	CXL	T061	C4065848
27213687	1104	1112	compared	T052	C1707455
27213687	1123	1127	year	T079	C0439234
27213687	1148	1160	introduction	T169	C0579004
27213687	1164	1167	CXL	T061	C4065848
27213687	1184	1195	transplants	T061	C0010042
27213687	1223	1226	Age	T032	C0001779
27213687	1228	1234	gender	T032	C0079399
27213687	1239	1252	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27213687	1278	1285	patient	T101	C0030705
27213687	1304	1316	time periods	T079	C1948053
27213687	1318	1332	Trend analysis	UnknownType	C0681702
27213687	1365	1373	decrease	T081	C0547047
27213687	1391	1410	corneal transplants	T061	C0010042
27213687	1444	1463	corneal transplants	T061	C0010042
27213687	1492	1503	keratoconus	T047	C0022578
27213687	1518	1528	nationwide	T082	C1254362
27213687	1529	1541	introduction	T169	C0579004
27213687	1545	1548	CXL	T061	C4065848
27213687	1555	1564	reduction	T081	C0547047
27213687	1579	1600	corneal cross-linking	T061	C4065848
27213687	1619	1625	reduce	T080	C0392756
27213687	1639	1662	corneal transplantation	T061	C0010042

27216824|t|Rapid Fabrication of a Cell - Seeded Collagen Gel -Based Tubular Construct that Withstands Arterial Pressure: Rapid Fabrication of a Gel -Based Media Equivalent
27216824|a|Based on plastically compressed cell - seeded collagen gels, we fabricated a small-diameter tubular construct that withstands arterial pressure without prolonged culture in vitro. Specifically, to mimic the microstructure of vascular media, the cell - seeded collagen gel was uniaxially stretched prior to plastic compression to align collagen fibers and hence cells in the gel. The resulting gel sheet was then wrapped around a custom-made multi-layered braided tube to form aligned tubular constructs whereas the gel sheet prepared similarly but without uniaxial stretching formed control constructs. With the braided tube, fluid in the gel construct was further removed by vacuum suction aiming to consolidate the concentric layers of the construct. The construct was finally treated with transglutaminase. Both SEM and histology confirmed the absence of gaps in the wall of the construct. Particularly, cells in the wall of the aligned tubular construct were circumferentially aligned. The enzyme -mediated crosslinking increased burst pressure of both the constructs significantly; the extent of the increase of burst pressure for the aligned tubular construct was greater than that for the control counterpart. Increasing crosslinking left the compliance of the aligned tubular construct unchanged but reduced that of the control construct. Cells remained viable in transglutaminase -treated plastically compressed gels after 6 days in culture. This study demonstrated that by combining stretch-induced fiber alignment, plastic compression, and enzyme -mediated crosslinking, a cell - seeded collagen gel -based tubular construct with potential to be used as vascular media can be made within 3 days.
27216824	6	17	Fabrication	T052	C0441655
27216824	23	27	Cell	T025	C0007634
27216824	30	36	Seeded	T059	C3828225
27216824	37	45	Collagen	T116	C0009325
27216824	46	49	Gel	T122	C0017243
27216824	57	74	Tubular Construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	91	108	Arterial Pressure	T042	C0232108
27216824	116	127	Fabrication	T052	C0441655
27216824	133	136	Gel	T122	C0017243
27216824	144	149	Media	T167	C1705217
27216824	170	192	plastically compressed	T070	C0728907
27216824	193	197	cell	T025	C0007634
27216824	200	206	seeded	T059	C3828225
27216824	207	215	collagen	T116	C0009325
27216824	216	220	gels	T122	C0017243
27216824	225	235	fabricated	T052	C0441655
27216824	253	270	tubular construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	287	304	arterial pressure	T042	C0232108
27216824	323	330	culture	T059	C0430400
27216824	331	339	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27216824	368	382	microstructure	T082	C0678594
27216824	386	400	vascular media	T024	C0162867
27216824	406	410	cell	T025	C0007634
27216824	413	419	seeded	T059	C3828225
27216824	420	428	collagen	T116	C0009325
27216824	429	432	gel	T122	C0017243
27216824	467	474	plastic	T167	C0032167
27216824	475	486	compression	T070	C0728907
27216824	496	511	collagen fibers	T024	C0225325
27216824	522	527	cells	T025	C0007634
27216824	535	538	gel	T122	C0017243
27216824	554	557	gel	T122	C0017243
27216824	558	563	sheet	T122	C0005479
27216824	602	628	multi-layered braided tube	T074	C0184166
27216824	645	663	tubular constructs	T074	C0175730
27216824	676	679	gel	T122	C0017243
27216824	680	685	sheet	T122	C0005479
27216824	752	762	constructs	T074	C0175730
27216824	773	785	braided tube	T074	C0184166
27216824	787	792	fluid	T167	C1704353
27216824	800	803	gel	T122	C0017243
27216824	804	813	construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	837	851	vacuum suction	T074	C0182957
27216824	903	912	construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	918	927	construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	953	969	transglutaminase	T116,T126	C0033679
27216824	976	979	SEM	T059	C0026020
27216824	984	993	histology	T059	C0344441
27216824	1043	1052	construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	1068	1073	cells	T025	C0007634
27216824	1101	1118	tubular construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	1155	1161	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27216824	1172	1184	crosslinking	T070	C0178576
27216824	1195	1209	burst pressure	T067	C0033095
27216824	1222	1232	constructs	T074	C0175730
27216824	1278	1292	burst pressure	T067	C0033095
27216824	1309	1326	tubular construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	1389	1401	crosslinking	T070	C0178576
27216824	1437	1454	tubular construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	1497	1506	construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	1508	1513	Cells	T025	C0007634
27216824	1533	1549	transglutaminase	T116,T126	C0033679
27216824	1559	1581	plastically compressed	T070	C0728907
27216824	1582	1586	gels	T122	C0017243
27216824	1595	1599	days	T079	C0439228
27216824	1617	1622	study	T062	C2603343
27216824	1670	1675	fiber	T024	C0225325
27216824	1676	1685	alignment	T081	C1706765
27216824	1687	1694	plastic	T167	C0032167
27216824	1695	1706	compression	T070	C0728907
27216824	1712	1718	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27216824	1729	1741	crosslinking	T070	C0178576
27216824	1745	1749	cell	T025	C0007634
27216824	1752	1758	seeded	T059	C3828225
27216824	1759	1767	collagen	T116	C0009325
27216824	1768	1771	gel	T122	C0017243
27216824	1779	1796	tubular construct	T074	C0175730
27216824	1826	1840	vascular media	T024	C0162867
27216824	1862	1866	days	T079	C0439228

27233131|t|Impact of cofactor - binding loop mutations on thermotolerance and activity of E. coli transketolase
27233131|a|Improvement of thermostability in engineered enzymes can allow biocatalysis on substrates with poor aqueous solubility. Denaturation of the cofactor - binding loops of Escherichia coli transketolase (TK) was previously linked to the loss of enzyme activity under conditions of high pH or urea. Incubation at temperatures just below the thermal melting transition, above which the protein aggregates, was also found to anneal the enzyme to give an increased specific activity. The potential role of cofactor - binding loop instability in this process remained unclear. In this work, the two cofactor - binding loops (residues 185-192 and 382-392) were progressively mutated towards the equivalent sequence from the thermostable Thermus thermophilus TK and variants assessed for their impact on both thermostability and activity. Cofactor-binding loop 2 variants had detrimental effects on specific activity at elevated temperatures, whereas the H192P mutation in cofactor-binding loop 1 resulted in a two-fold improved stability to inactivation at elevated temperatures, and increased the critical onset temperature for aggregation. The specific activity of H192P was 3-fold and 19-fold higher than that for wild-type at 60°C and 65°C respectively, and also remained 2.7-4 fold higher after re-cooling from pre-incubations at either 55°C or 60°C for 1h. Interestingly, H192P was also 2-times more active than wild-type TK at 25°C. Optimal activity was achieved at 60°C for H192P compared to 55°C for wild type. These results show that cofactor-binding loop 1, plays a pivotal role in partial denaturation and aggregation at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, a single rigidifying mutation within this loop can significantly improve the enzyme specific activity, as well as the stability to thermal denaturation and aggregation, to give an increased temperature optimum for activity.
27233131	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27233131	10	18	cofactor	T123	C0178555
27233131	21	33	binding loop	T087	C0682969
27233131	34	43	mutations	T045	C0026882
27233131	47	62	thermotolerance	T039	C3544386
27233131	67	75	activity	T044	C0243102
27233131	79	86	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27233131	87	100	transketolase	T116,T126	C0040709
27233131	101	112	Improvement	T077	C2986411
27233131	116	131	thermostability	T070	C0597571
27233131	135	153	engineered enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27233131	164	176	biocatalysis	T070	C2350294
27233131	180	190	substrates	T167	C3891814
27233131	201	208	aqueous	T080	C0599956
27233131	209	219	solubility	T080	C0037628
27233131	221	233	Denaturation	T044	C0033627
27233131	241	249	cofactor	T123	C0178555
27233131	252	265	binding loops	T087	C0682969
27233131	269	285	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27233131	286	299	transketolase	T116,T126	C0040709
27233131	301	303	TK	T116,T126	C0040709
27233131	334	338	loss	T081	C1517945
27233131	342	357	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
27233131	364	374	conditions	T080	C0348080
27233131	378	382	high	T080	C0205250
27233131	383	385	pH	T081	C0020283
27233131	389	393	urea	T109,T121,T123	C0041942
27233131	395	405	Incubation	T059	C0022885
27233131	409	421	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27233131	437	463	thermal melting transition	T070	C1254365
27233131	481	488	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27233131	489	499	aggregates	T169	C0332621
27233131	519	525	anneal	T169	C0205245
27233131	530	536	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27233131	548	557	increased	T081	C0205217
27233131	567	575	activity	T044	C0243102
27233131	591	595	role	T077	C1705810
27233131	599	607	cofactor	T123	C0178555
27233131	610	622	binding loop	T087	C0682969
27233131	623	634	instability	T033	C1444783
27233131	691	699	cofactor	T123	C0178555
27233131	702	715	binding loops	T087	C0682969
27233131	717	733	residues 185-192	T087	C0002518
27233131	738	745	382-392	T087	C0002518
27233131	797	805	sequence	T086	C0004793
27233131	815	827	thermostable	T080	C0205556
27233131	828	848	Thermus thermophilus	T007	C0085475
27233131	849	851	TK	T116,T126	C0040709
27233131	856	864	variants	T028	C0678941
27233131	865	873	assessed	T052	C1516048
27233131	884	890	impact	T080	C4049986
27233131	899	914	thermostability	T070	C0597571
27233131	919	927	activity	T052	C0441655
27233131	929	952	Cofactor-binding loop 2	T086	C0004793
27233131	953	961	variants	T028	C0678941
27233131	966	985	detrimental effects	T080	C1280500
27233131	998	1006	activity	T052	C0441655
27233131	1010	1018	elevated	T080	C3163633
27233131	1019	1031	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27233131	1045	1059	H192P mutation	T045	C0026882
27233131	1063	1086	cofactor-binding loop 1	T086	C0004793
27233131	1119	1128	stability	T070	C0597571
27233131	1132	1144	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27233131	1148	1156	elevated	T080	C3163633
27233131	1157	1169	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27233131	1175	1184	increased	T081	C0205217
27233131	1189	1215	critical onset temperature	T081	C0039476
27233131	1220	1231	aggregation	T169	C0332621
27233131	1246	1254	activity	T052	C0441655
27233131	1258	1263	H192P	T045	C0026882
27233131	1287	1293	higher	T080	C0205250
27233131	1308	1317	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27233131	1378	1384	higher	T080	C0205250
27233131	1391	1401	re-cooling	T070	C0678568
27233131	1407	1422	pre-incubations	T059	C0022885
27233131	1469	1474	H192P	T045	C0026882
27233131	1497	1503	active	T169	C0205177
27233131	1509	1518	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27233131	1519	1521	TK	T116,T126	C0040709
27233131	1531	1538	Optimal	T080	C2698651
27233131	1539	1547	activity	T052	C0441655
27233131	1573	1578	H192P	T045	C0026882
27233131	1600	1609	wild type	T028	C1883559
27233131	1635	1658	cofactor-binding loop 1	T086	C0004793
27233131	1676	1680	role	T077	C1705810
27233131	1684	1691	partial	T081	C0728938
27233131	1692	1704	denaturation	T044	C0033627
27233131	1709	1720	aggregation	T169	C0332621
27233131	1724	1732	elevated	T080	C3163633
27233131	1733	1745	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27233131	1762	1789	single rigidifying mutation	T045	C0026882
27233131	1802	1806	loop	T086	C0004793
27233131	1837	1861	enzyme specific activity	T044	C0243102
27233131	1878	1887	stability	T070	C0597571
27233131	1891	1898	thermal	T070	C0018837
27233131	1899	1911	denaturation	T044	C0033627
27233131	1916	1927	aggregation	T169	C0332621
27233131	1940	1949	increased	T081	C0205217
27233131	1950	1961	temperature	T081	C0039476
27233131	1962	1969	optimum	T080	C2698651
27233131	1974	1982	activity	T044	C0243102

27233260|t|Expression and Purification of E2 Glycoprotein from Insect Cells (Sf9) for Use in Serology
27233260|a|Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito - borne arbovirus which poses a major threat to global public health. Definitive CHIKV diagnosis is crucial, especially in distinguishing the disease from dengue virus, which co-circulates in endemic areas and shares the same mosquito vectors. Laboratory diagnosis is mainly based on serological or molecular approaches. The E2 glycoprotein is a good candidate for serological diagnosis since it is the immunodominant antigen during the course of infection, and reacts with seropositive CHIKV sera. In this chapter, we describe the generation of stable clone Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) cells expressing secreted, soluble, and native recombinant CHIKV E2 glycoprotein. We use direct plasmid expression in insect cells, rather than the traditional technique of generating recombinant baculovirus. This recombinant protein is useful for serological diagnosis of CHIKV infection.
27233260	0	10	Expression	T045	C1171362
27233260	15	27	Purification	T059	C0597301
27233260	31	46	E2 Glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0017968
27233260	52	58	Insect	T204	C0021585
27233260	59	64	Cells	T025	C0007634
27233260	66	69	Sf9	T025	C3494245
27233260	82	90	Serology	T059	C0036743
27233260	91	108	Chikungunya virus	T005	C0008056
27233260	110	115	CHIKV	T005	C0008056
27233260	122	130	mosquito	T204	C0026584
27233260	133	138	borne	T033	C0699809
27233260	139	148	arbovirus	T005	C0003725
27233260	169	175	threat	T078	C0749385
27233260	179	185	global	T080	C2348867
27233260	186	199	public health	T058	C0699943
27233260	201	211	Definitive	T079	C0443196
27233260	212	217	CHIKV	T005	C0008056
27233260	218	227	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27233260	273	280	disease	T047	C0012634
27233260	286	298	dengue virus	T005	C0011315
27233260	306	319	co-circulates	T169	C0175630
27233260	323	330	endemic	T082	C1254362
27233260	331	336	areas	T082	C0205146
27233260	357	373	mosquito vectors	T204	C4277713
27233260	375	395	Laboratory diagnosis	T060	C0011911
27233260	406	411	based	T169	C1527178
27233260	415	426	serological	T169	C0220911
27233260	430	439	molecular	T080	C1521991
27233260	456	471	E2 glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0017968
27233260	496	517	serological diagnosis	T059	C0036743
27233260	534	556	immunodominant antigen	T129	C0078968
27233260	557	563	during	T079	C0347984
27233260	568	574	course	T079	C0750729
27233260	578	587	infection	T046	C3714514
27233260	593	599	reacts	T169	C0443286
27233260	605	617	seropositive	T080	C0521143
27233260	618	623	CHIKV	T005	C0008056
27233260	624	628	sera	T031	C0229671
27233260	638	645	chapter	T078	C1552857
27233260	650	658	describe	T078	C1552738
27233260	663	673	generation	T052	C3146294
27233260	677	683	stable	T080	C0205360
27233260	684	689	clone	T025	C0009013
27233260	690	693	Sf9	T025	C3494245
27233260	695	716	Spodoptera frugiperda	T204	C0242626
27233260	718	723	cells	T025	C0009013
27233260	724	734	expressing	T045	C1171362
27233260	735	743	secreted	T043	C1327616
27233260	745	752	soluble	T026	C1749467
27233260	758	764	native	T169	C0302891
27233260	765	776	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27233260	777	782	CHIKV	T005	C0008056
27233260	783	798	E2 glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0017968
27233260	814	821	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27233260	822	832	expression	T061	C0185117
27233260	836	842	insect	T204	C0021585
27233260	843	848	cells	T025	C0007634
27233260	866	877	traditional	T169	C0443324
27233260	878	887	technique	T169	C0449851
27233260	891	901	generating	T052	C3146294
27233260	902	925	recombinant baculovirus	T005	C0597363
27233260	932	951	recombinant protein	T116	C0034861
27233260	966	987	serological diagnosis	T059	C0036743
27233260	991	996	CHIKV	T005	C0008056
27233260	997	1006	infection	T046	C3714514

27233466|t|Acute risk factors for suicide attempts and death: prospective findings from the STEP - BD study
27233466|a|Suicide is unfortunately common in psychiatric practice, but difficult to predict. The present study sought to assess which clinical symptoms increase in the months before suicidal behavior in a sample of psychiatric outpatients with bipolar disorder. Data from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP - BD) trial were used. A total of 103 participants who attempted suicide or died by suicide during the trial were included; a 15% random sample of the remaining participants (n = 427) was used as a comparison sample. Linear mixed models in the six months before suicidal behavior were conducted for each of five proposed acute risk factors for suicidal behavior. Participants were assessed using the Clinical Monitoring Form (CMF) at each visit for the following potential acute risk factors for suicidal behavior: suicidal ideation, loss of interest, anxiety, psychomotor agitation, and high-risk behavior. Each of the five symptoms was elevated overall in individuals who engaged in suicidal behavior (p < 0.05). The severity of both suicidal ideation and loss of interest significantly increased in the months before suicidal behavior (p < 0.001). Anxiety demonstrated comparable effect sizes across multiple models. Psychomotor agitation and high-risk behavior were not significantly elevated before suicidal behavior. Suicidal ideation, loss of interest and, to a lesser extent, anxiety may represent acute suicide risk factors up to four months before suicidal behavior in outpatients with bipolar disorder. Further investigation of these potential acute risk factors in prospective analyses is warranted.
27233466	0	5	Acute	T079	C0205178
27233466	6	18	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27233466	23	39	suicide attempts	T033	C0038663
27233466	44	49	death	T033	C1306577
27233466	51	71	prospective findings	T062	C0033522
27233466	81	85	STEP	T058	C1254363
27233466	88	90	BD	T048	C0005586
27233466	91	96	study	T062	C2603343
27233466	97	104	Suicide	T033	C0038661
27233466	132	143	psychiatric	T091	C0033873
27233466	144	152	practice	T041	C0237607
27233466	171	178	predict	T078	C0681842
27233466	192	197	study	T062	C2603343
27233466	208	214	assess	T058	C0184514
27233466	221	229	clinical	T080	C0205210
27233466	230	238	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27233466	239	247	increase	T169	C0442805
27233466	255	261	months	T079	C0439231
27233466	269	286	suicidal behavior	T033	C1760428
27233466	292	298	sample	T167	C0370003
27233466	302	313	psychiatric	T091	C0033873
27233466	314	325	outpatients	T101	C0029921
27233466	331	347	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
27233466	349	353	Data	T078	C1511726
27233466	363	403	Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program	T058	C1254363
27233466	408	424	Bipolar Disorder	T048	C0005586
27233466	426	430	STEP	T058	C1254363
27233466	433	435	BD	T048	C0005586
27233466	437	442	trial	T062	C0008976
27233466	469	481	participants	T098	C0679646
27233466	486	503	attempted suicide	T033	C0038663
27233466	507	511	died	T033	C4264514
27233466	515	522	suicide	T033	C0038661
27233466	534	539	trial	T062	C0008976
27233466	561	567	random	T080	C0439605
27233466	568	574	sample	T167	C0370003
27233466	592	604	participants	T098	C0679646
27233466	629	639	comparison	T052	C1707455
27233466	640	646	sample	T167	C0370003
27233466	648	667	Linear mixed models	T081	C0023732
27233466	679	685	months	T079	C0439231
27233466	693	710	suicidal behavior	T033	C1760428
27233466	752	757	acute	T079	C0205178
27233466	758	770	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27233466	775	792	suicidal behavior	T033	C1760428
27233466	794	806	Participants	T098	C0679646
27233466	812	820	assessed	T052	C1516048
27233466	831	855	Clinical Monitoring Form	T062	C1516647
27233466	857	860	CMF	T062	C1516647
27233466	870	875	visit	T058	C1512346
27233466	904	909	acute	T079	C0205178
27233466	910	922	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27233466	927	944	suicidal behavior	T033	C1760428
27233466	946	963	suicidal ideation	T033	C0424000
27233466	965	981	loss of interest	T033	C0424091
27233466	983	990	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27233466	992	1013	psychomotor agitation	T033	C3887612
27233466	1019	1037	high-risk behavior	T055	C1171309
27233466	1056	1064	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27233466	1069	1077	elevated	T080	C3163633
27233466	1089	1100	individuals	T098	C0237401
27233466	1116	1133	suicidal behavior	T033	C1760428
27233466	1150	1158	severity	T080	C0439793
27233466	1167	1184	suicidal ideation	T033	C0424000
27233466	1189	1205	loss of interest	T033	C0424091
27233466	1220	1229	increased	T081	C0205217
27233466	1237	1243	months	T079	C0439231
27233466	1251	1268	suicidal behavior	T033	C1760428
27233466	1282	1289	Anxiety	T033	C0003467
27233466	1314	1320	effect	T080	C1280500
27233466	1321	1326	sizes	T082	C0456389
27233466	1334	1349	multiple models	T170	C3161035
27233466	1351	1372	Psychomotor agitation	T033	C3887612
27233466	1377	1395	high-risk behavior	T055	C1171309
27233466	1419	1427	elevated	T080	C3163633
27233466	1435	1452	suicidal behavior	T033	C1760428
27233466	1454	1471	Suicidal ideation	T033	C0424000
27233466	1473	1489	loss of interest	T033	C0424091
27233466	1500	1506	lesser	T080	C0547044
27233466	1507	1513	extent	T082	C0439792
27233466	1515	1522	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27233466	1537	1542	acute	T079	C0205178
27233466	1543	1550	suicide	T033	C0038661
27233466	1551	1563	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27233466	1575	1581	months	T079	C0439231
27233466	1589	1606	suicidal behavior	T033	C1760428
27233466	1610	1621	outpatients	T101	C0029921
27233466	1627	1643	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
27233466	1653	1666	investigation	T058	C0220825
27233466	1686	1691	acute	T079	C0205178
27233466	1692	1704	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27233466	1708	1728	prospective analyses	T062	C0033522

27233592|t|Measurement of Outcomes of Upper Limb Reconstructive Surgery for Tetraplegia
27233592|a|Reconstructive arm/hand surgery for tetraplegia is performed to improve arm/hand function and therefore personal well-being for individuals who accept such elective surgeries. However, changes at an impairment level do not always translate into functional or quality of life changes. Therefore, multiple outcome tools should be used that incorporate sufficient responsiveness to detect changes in arm/hand function, activity and participation, and quality of life of the individuals involved. This narrative review aims to assist clinicians to choose the most appropriate tools to assess the need for reconstructive surgery and to evaluate its outcomes. Our specific objectives are (1) to describe aspects to consider when choosing a measure and (2) to describe the measures advised by an international therapist consensus group established in 2007. All advised measures are appraised in terms of the underlying construct, administration, and clinical relevance to arm/hand reconstructions. Essentially there are currently no criterion standard measures to evaluate the consequences of reconstructive arm/hand surgery. However, with judicious use of available measures it is possible to ensure the questions asked or tasks completed are relevant to the surgical reconstruction (s) undertaken. Further work in this field is required. This would be best met by immediate collaboration between 2 outcome's tool developers and by analysis of pre - and postoperative data already held in various international sites, which would allow further evaluation of the measures already in use, or components thereof.
27233592	0	11	Measurement	T169	C0242485
27233592	15	23	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
27233592	27	60	Upper Limb Reconstructive Surgery	T033	C1408821
27233592	65	76	Tetraplegia	T047	C0034372
27233592	77	108	Reconstructive arm/hand surgery	T033	C1408821
27233592	113	124	tetraplegia	T047	C0034372
27233592	128	137	performed	T169	C0884358
27233592	141	148	improve	T033	C0184511
27233592	149	166	arm/hand function	T040	C0562230
27233592	181	200	personal well-being	T033	C1821407
27233592	205	216	individuals	T098	C0237401
27233592	221	227	accept	T080	C1272684
27233592	233	251	elective surgeries	T061	C0206058
27233592	262	269	changes	T169	C0392747
27233592	276	286	impairment	T169	C0221099
27233592	322	332	functional	T169	C0205245
27233592	336	351	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27233592	352	359	changes	T169	C0392747
27233592	372	394	multiple outcome tools	T073	C0336791
27233592	415	426	incorporate	T169	C0243126
27233592	427	452	sufficient responsiveness	T033	C3261286
27233592	456	462	detect	T033	C0442726
27233592	463	470	changes	T169	C0392747
27233592	474	491	arm/hand function	T040	C0562230
27233592	493	501	activity	T052	C0441655
27233592	506	519	participation	T169	C0679823
27233592	525	540	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27233592	548	559	individuals	T098	C0237401
27233592	575	591	narrative review	UnknownType	C0815257
27233592	592	596	aims	T078	C1947946
27233592	600	606	assist	T058	C0557034
27233592	607	617	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27233592	637	648	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27233592	649	654	tools	T073	C0336791
27233592	658	664	assess	T052	C1516048
27233592	678	700	reconstructive surgery	T033	C1408821
27233592	708	716	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27233592	721	729	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27233592	744	754	objectives	T170	C0018017
27233592	766	774	describe	T078	C1552738
27233592	775	782	aspects	T081	C1547011
27233592	811	818	measure	T169	C0242485
27233592	830	838	describe	T078	C1552738
27233592	843	851	measures	T169	C0242485
27233592	866	879	international	T078	C1512888
27233592	880	889	therapist	T097	C0871525
27233592	900	905	group	T078	C0441833
27233592	906	917	established	T080	C0443211
27233592	939	947	measures	T169	C0242485
27233592	989	998	construct	T185	C2827421
27233592	1000	1014	administration	T061	C1533734
27233592	1020	1028	clinical	T080	C0205210
27233592	1029	1038	relevance	T080	C2347946
27233592	1042	1066	arm/hand reconstructions	T061	C0841296
27233592	1068	1079	Essentially	T080	C0205224
27233592	1103	1112	criterion	T078	C0243161
27233592	1113	1121	standard	T081	C0034925
27233592	1122	1130	measures	T169	C0242485
27233592	1134	1142	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27233592	1147	1162	consequences of	T169	C0686907
27233592	1163	1194	reconstructive arm/hand surgery	T033	C1408821
27233592	1220	1223	use	T169	C0042153
27233592	1237	1245	measures	T169	C0242485
27233592	1275	1290	questions asked	T033	C0566217
27233592	1294	1299	tasks	T057	C3540678
27233592	1300	1309	completed	T080	C0205197
27233592	1314	1322	relevant	T080	C2347946
27233592	1330	1353	surgical reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27233592	1378	1382	work	T057	C0043227
27233592	1391	1396	field	T077	C1521738
27233592	1400	1408	required	T169	C1514873
27233592	1436	1445	immediate	T079	C0205253
27233592	1446	1459	collaboration	T054	C0282116
27233592	1470	1495	outcome's tool developers	T057	C0085565
27233592	1503	1511	analysis	T057	C0010992
27233592	1515	1518	pre	T079	C0445204
27233592	1525	1538	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27233592	1539	1543	data	T078	C1511726
27233592	1568	1581	international	T078	C1512888
27233592	1615	1625	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27233592	1633	1641	measures	T169	C0242485
27233592	1653	1656	use	T169	C0042153
27233592	1661	1671	components	T073	C0449432

27233918|t|Basal and maximal metabolic rates differ in their response to rapid temperature change among avian species
27233918|a|In birds, acclimation and acclimatization to temperature are associated with changes in basal (BMR), summit (Msum) and maximal (MMR) metabolic rates but little is known about the rate at which species adjust their phenotype to short-term temperature variations. Our aims were (1) to determine the pattern of metabolic adjustments following a rapid temperature change, (2) to determine whether performance varies at similar rates during exposure to warm or cold environments, and (3) to determine if BMR, Msum and MMR change at comparable rates during thermal acclimation. We measured these parameters in white-throated sparrows (Zonotrichia albicollis), black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus), and snow buntings (Plectrophenax nivalis) after acclimation to 10 °C (day 0) and on the 4th and 8th days of acclimation to either -5 or 28 °C. Birds changed their metabolic phenotype within 8 days with patterns differing among species. Sparrows expressed the expected metabolic increases in the cold and decreases at thermoneutrality while performance in chickadees and buntings was not influenced by temperature but changed over time with inverse patterns. Our results suggest that BMR varies at comparable rates in warm and cold environments but changes faster than Msum and MMR, likely due to limitations in the rate of change in organ size and function. They also suggest that maximal metabolic capacity is lost faster in a warm environment than it is gained in a cold environment. With the expected increase in temperature stochasticity at northern latitudes, a loss of thermogenic capacity during warm winter days could, therefore, be detrimental if birds are slow to readjust their phenotype with the return of cold days.
27233918	0	5	Basal	T040	C0678121
27233918	10	17	maximal	T080	C0205289
27233918	18	33	metabolic rates	T039	C0870882
27233918	50	58	response	T032	C0871261
27233918	68	86	temperature change	T080	C0450031
27233918	93	98	avian	T012	C0005595
27233918	99	106	species	T185	C1705920
27233918	110	115	birds	T012	C0005595
27233918	117	128	acclimation	T040	C0000934
27233918	133	148	acclimatization	T040	C0000934
27233918	152	163	temperature	T081	C0039476
27233918	195	200	basal	T040	C0678121
27233918	202	205	BMR	T040	C0678121
27233918	208	214	summit	T039	C0870882
27233918	216	220	Msum	T039	C0870882
27233918	226	233	maximal	T080	C0205289
27233918	235	238	MMR	T039	C0870882
27233918	240	255	metabolic rates	T039	C0870882
27233918	286	290	rate	T039	C0870882
27233918	300	307	species	T185	C1705920
27233918	321	330	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27233918	334	344	short-term	T079	C0443303
27233918	345	356	temperature	T081	C0039476
27233918	357	367	variations	T080	C0205419
27233918	373	377	aims	T078	C1947946
27233918	404	411	pattern	T082	C0449774
27233918	415	424	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27233918	455	473	temperature change	T080	C0450031
27233918	530	535	rates	T039	C0870882
27233918	543	554	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27233918	555	559	warm	T067	C0563030
27233918	563	580	cold environments	T067	C0241842
27233918	606	609	BMR	T040	C0678121
27233918	611	615	Msum	T039	C0870882
27233918	620	623	MMR	T039	C0870882
27233918	645	650	rates	T039	C0870882
27233918	658	665	thermal	T070	C0018837
27233918	666	677	acclimation	T040	C0000934
27233918	711	734	white-throated sparrows	T012	C1093387
27233918	736	758	Zonotrichia albicollis	T012	C1093387
27233918	761	784	black-capped chickadees	T012	C0326488
27233918	786	806	Poecile atricapillus	T012	C0326488
27233918	813	826	snow buntings	T012	C0326923
27233918	828	849	Plectrophenax nivalis	T012	C0326923
27233918	857	868	acclimation	T040	C0000934
27233918	879	882	day	T079	C0439228
27233918	909	913	days	T079	C0439228
27233918	917	928	acclimation	T040	C0000934
27233918	952	957	Birds	T012	C0005595
27233918	972	981	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27233918	982	991	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27233918	1001	1005	days	T079	C0439228
27233918	1011	1019	patterns	T082	C0449774
27233918	1036	1043	species	T185	C1705920
27233918	1045	1053	Sparrows	T012	C1093387
27233918	1077	1086	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27233918	1087	1096	increases	T169	C0442805
27233918	1104	1108	cold	T067	C0241842
27233918	1126	1142	thermoneutrality	T078	C0680444
27233918	1164	1174	chickadees	T012	C0326488
27233918	1179	1187	buntings	T012	C0326923
27233918	1196	1206	influenced	T077	C4054723
27233918	1210	1221	temperature	T081	C0039476
27233918	1257	1265	patterns	T082	C0449774
27233918	1271	1278	results	T033	C0683954
27233918	1292	1295	BMR	T040	C0678121
27233918	1317	1322	rates	T039	C0870882
27233918	1326	1330	warm	T067	C0563030
27233918	1335	1352	cold environments	T067	C0241842
27233918	1377	1381	Msum	T039	C0870882
27233918	1386	1389	MMR	T039	C0870882
27233918	1405	1416	limitations	T169	C0449295
27233918	1424	1428	rate	T039	C0870882
27233918	1442	1452	organ size	T032	C1450569
27233918	1457	1465	function	T169	C0542341
27233918	1490	1497	maximal	T080	C0205289
27233918	1498	1507	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27233918	1508	1516	capacity	T081	C1516240
27233918	1520	1524	lost	T169	C0745777
27233918	1537	1553	warm environment	T067	C0563030
27233918	1565	1571	gained	T081	C1517378
27233918	1577	1593	cold environment	T067	C0241842
27233918	1625	1636	temperature	T081	C0039476
27233918	1637	1650	stochasticity	T081	C0038347
27233918	1654	1672	northern latitudes	T083	C0017446
27233918	1676	1680	loss	T081	C1517945
27233918	1684	1695	thermogenic	T070	C0018837
27233918	1696	1704	capacity	T081	C1516240
27233918	1712	1716	warm	T067	C0563030
27233918	1717	1723	winter	T079	C0241737
27233918	1724	1728	days	T079	C0439228
27233918	1765	1770	birds	T012	C0005595
27233918	1798	1807	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27233918	1827	1831	cold	T067	C0241842
27233918	1832	1836	days	T079	C0439228

27234004|t|Factors preventing kneeling in a group of pre-educated patients post total knee arthroplasty
27234004|a|Difficulties in kneeling, one of the poorest scoring functional outcomes post total knee arthroplasty (TKA),have been attributed to a lack of patient education. This is the first study to investigate specific factors affecting a patient's perceived ability to kneel post TKA, following exposure to a preoperative kneeling education session. A cross-sectional study was conducted following TKA with patients who had been educated about kneeling prior to the operation. Patients completed kneeling questionnaires at 6 (n = 115) and 12 (n = 82) months post TKA. In addition to the 12-month kneeling questionnaire, patients also completed the Oxford knee score (OKS) survey. Seventy-two percent of patients perceived they could kneel at 12 months post TKA. Overall, pain and discomfort were the most common factors deterring patients from kneeling. Perceived kneeling ability was the poorest scored outcome on the OKS with patients reporting mild to moderate difficulty with this task. Kneeling scores were strongly correlated with overall knee function scores (R = 0.70), strongly correlated with pain scores (R = 0.45) and weakly correlated with knee stability scores (R = 0.29). When asked about other factors preventing kneeling other than pain or discomfor t, 75 % had reasons unrelated to the knee or TKA. The most common reason was 'problems with the other knee ' (n = 19). Patients in this study were provided with education regarding their kneeling ability post TKA, yet still experienced limitations in perceived kneeling ability post operatively. Contrary to previous research, our study suggests that factors other than patient education affect a patient's perceived kneeling ability post TKA.
27234004	0	7	Factors	T169	C1521761
27234004	8	18	preventing	T169	C1292733
27234004	19	27	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	33	38	group	T078	C0441833
27234004	42	54	pre-educated	T065	C2106353
27234004	55	63	patients	T101	C0030705
27234004	64	68	post	T079	C0687676
27234004	69	92	total knee arthroplasty	T061	C0086511
27234004	93	117	Difficulties in kneeling	T033	C0555092
27234004	130	165	poorest scoring functional outcomes	T033	C0243095
27234004	166	170	post	T079	C0687676
27234004	171	194	total knee arthroplasty	T061	C0086511
27234004	196	199	TKA	T061	C0086511
27234004	211	221	attributed	T078	C0449234
27234004	227	231	lack	T080	C0332268
27234004	235	242	patient	T101	C0030705
27234004	243	252	education	T065	C2106353
27234004	281	292	investigate	T169	C1292732
27234004	293	301	specific	T080	C0205369
27234004	302	309	factors	T169	C1521761
27234004	310	319	affecting	T169	C0392760
27234004	322	331	patient's	T101	C0030705
27234004	332	341	perceived	T041	C0030971
27234004	342	358	ability to kneel	T032	C0560891
27234004	359	363	post	T079	C0687676
27234004	364	367	TKA	T061	C0086511
27234004	379	390	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27234004	393	405	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27234004	406	414	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	415	432	education session	T065	C2106353
27234004	436	457	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27234004	482	485	TKA	T061	C0086511
27234004	491	499	patients	T101	C0030705
27234004	513	521	educated	T065	C2106353
27234004	528	536	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	537	542	prior	T079	C0332152
27234004	550	559	operation	T061	C0543467
27234004	561	569	Patients	T101	C0030705
27234004	580	588	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	589	603	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27234004	635	641	months	T079	C0439231
27234004	642	646	post	T079	C0687676
27234004	647	650	TKA	T061	C0086511
27234004	671	679	12-month	T079	C0439231
27234004	680	688	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	689	702	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27234004	704	712	patients	T101	C0030705
27234004	732	749	Oxford knee score	T201	C1997265
27234004	751	754	OKS	T201	C1997265
27234004	776	783	percent	T081	C0439165
27234004	787	795	patients	T101	C0030705
27234004	796	805	perceived	T041	C0030971
27234004	817	822	kneel	T039	C2584307
27234004	829	835	months	T079	C0439231
27234004	836	840	post	T079	C0687676
27234004	841	844	TKA	T061	C0086511
27234004	855	859	pain	T184	C0030193
27234004	864	874	discomfort	T184	C2364135
27234004	896	903	factors	T169	C1521761
27234004	914	922	patients	T101	C0030705
27234004	928	936	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	938	947	Perceived	T041	C0030971
27234004	948	956	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	957	964	ability	T032	C0085732
27234004	988	995	outcome	T169	C1274040
27234004	1003	1006	OKS	T201	C1997265
27234004	1012	1020	patients	T101	C0030705
27234004	1031	1047	mild to moderate	T080	C1299392
27234004	1048	1058	difficulty	T033	C0555092
27234004	1075	1083	Kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	1105	1115	correlated	T080	C1707520
27234004	1129	1149	knee function scores	T033	C0243095
27234004	1171	1181	correlated	T080	C1707520
27234004	1187	1198	pain scores	T033	C0582148
27234004	1221	1231	correlated	T080	C1707520
27234004	1237	1258	knee stability scores	T033	C0243095
27234004	1294	1301	factors	T169	C1521761
27234004	1302	1312	preventing	T169	C1292733
27234004	1313	1321	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	1333	1337	pain	T184	C0030193
27234004	1341	1350	discomfor	T184	C2364135
27234004	1371	1380	unrelated	T033	C0445356
27234004	1388	1392	knee	T023	C0022742
27234004	1396	1399	TKA	T061	C0086511
27234004	1453	1457	knee	T023	C0022742
27234004	1470	1478	Patients	T101	C0030705
27234004	1512	1521	education	T065	C2106353
27234004	1538	1546	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	1547	1554	ability	T032	C0085732
27234004	1555	1559	post	T079	C0687676
27234004	1560	1563	TKA	T061	C0086511
27234004	1602	1611	perceived	T041	C0030971
27234004	1612	1620	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	1629	1633	post	T079	C0687676
27234004	1702	1709	factors	T169	C1521761
27234004	1721	1728	patient	T101	C0030705
27234004	1729	1738	education	T065	C2106353
27234004	1739	1745	affect	T058	C2237113
27234004	1748	1757	patient's	T101	C0030705
27234004	1758	1767	perceived	T041	C0030971
27234004	1768	1776	kneeling	T039	C2584307
27234004	1777	1784	ability	T032	C0085732
27234004	1785	1789	post	T079	C0687676
27234004	1790	1793	TKA	T061	C0086511

27234031|t|Improved diagnostic yield of neuromuscular disorders applying clinical exome sequencing in patients arising from a consanguineous population
27234031|a|Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) include a broad range of disorders affecting muscles, nerves and neuromuscular junctions. Their overlapping phenotypes and heterogeneous genetic nature have created challenges in diagnosis which calls for the implementation of massive parallel sequencing as a candidate strategy to increase the diagnostic yield. In this study, total of 45 patients, mostly offspring of consanguineous marriages were examined using whole exome sequencing. Data analysis was performed to identify the most probable pathogenic rare variants in known NMD genes which led to identification of causal variants for 33 out of 45 patients (73.3%) in the following known genes: CAPN3, Col6A1, Col6A3, DMD, DYSF, FHL1, GJB1, ISPD, LAMA2, LMNA, PLEC1, RYR1, SGCA, SGCB, SYNE1, TNNT1 and 22 novel pathogenic variants were detected. Today, the advantage of whole exome sequencing in clinical diagnostic strategies of heterogeneous disorders is clear. In this cohort, a diagnostic yield of 73.3% was achieved which is quite high compared to the overall reported diagnostic yield of 25% to 50%. This could be explained by the consanguineous background of these patients and is another strong advantage of offering clinical exome sequencing in diagnostic laboratories, especially in populations with high rate of consanguinity.
27234031	0	8	Improved	T033	C0184511
27234031	9	25	diagnostic yield	T080	C0205556
27234031	29	52	neuromuscular disorders	T047	C0027868
27234031	62	70	clinical	T080	C0205210
27234031	71	87	exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
27234031	91	99	patients	T101	C0030705
27234031	115	129	consanguineous	UnknownType	C0680040
27234031	130	140	population	T098	C1257890
27234031	141	163	Neuromuscular diseases	T047	C0027868
27234031	165	169	NMDs	T047	C0027868
27234031	196	205	disorders	T047	C0012634
27234031	216	223	muscles	T024	C0026845
27234031	225	231	nerves	T024	C0027740
27234031	236	259	neuromuscular junctions	T026	C0027869
27234031	279	289	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27234031	294	322	heterogeneous genetic nature	T032	C0242960
27234031	350	359	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27234031	380	394	implementation	T052	C1708476
27234031	398	425	massive parallel sequencing	T063	C2936622
27234031	466	482	diagnostic yield	T080	C0205556
27234031	492	497	study	T062	C2603343
27234031	511	519	patients	T101	C0030705
27234031	528	537	offspring	T099	C0680063
27234031	541	565	consanguineous marriages	T054	C0870340
27234031	586	608	whole exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
27234031	610	623	Data analysis	T057	C0010992
27234031	668	678	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27234031	679	692	rare variants	T028	C0678941
27234031	702	705	NMD	T047	C0027868
27234031	706	711	genes	T028	C0017337
27234031	743	758	causal variants	T080	C0205419
27234031	776	784	patients	T101	C0030705
27234031	816	821	genes	T028	C0017337
27234031	823	828	CAPN3	T028	C1413113
27234031	830	836	Col6A1	T028	C1413589
27234031	838	844	Col6A3	T028	C1413591
27234031	846	849	DMD	T028	C1414083
27234031	851	855	DYSF	T028	C1414209
27234031	857	861	FHL1	T028	C1414612
27234031	863	867	GJB1	T028	C1415076
27234031	869	873	ISPD	T028	C2829592
27234031	875	880	LAMA2	T028	C1416776
27234031	882	886	LMNA	T028	C1416877
27234031	888	893	PLEC1	T028	C1418643
27234031	895	899	RYR1	T028	C1419778
27234031	901	905	SGCA	T028	C1420005
27234031	907	911	SGCB	T028	C1420006
27234031	913	918	SYNE1	T028	C1424736
27234031	920	925	TNNT1	T028	C1420827
27234031	939	949	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27234031	950	958	variants	T028	C0678941
27234031	964	972	detected	T033	C0442726
27234031	998	1020	whole exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
27234031	1024	1043	clinical diagnostic	T060	C0332140
27234031	1058	1081	heterogeneous disorders	T033	C1858576
27234031	1100	1106	cohort	T098	C0599755
27234031	1110	1126	diagnostic yield	T080	C0205556
27234031	1169	1177	compared	T052	C1707455
27234031	1185	1192	overall	T080	C1561607
27234031	1202	1218	diagnostic yield	T080	C0205556
27234031	1265	1279	consanguineous	UnknownType	C0680040
27234031	1300	1308	patients	T101	C0030705
27234031	1353	1361	clinical	T080	C0205210
27234031	1362	1378	exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
27234031	1382	1392	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27234031	1393	1405	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27234031	1421	1432	populations	T098	C1257890
27234031	1451	1464	consanguinity	T033	C0009789

27234220|t|Safety of transradial diagnostic cardiac catheterization in patients under oral anticoagulant therapy
27234220|a|Cardiac catheterization in anticoagulated patients is usually performed after the anticoagulation has been withdrawn, at least in the previous 48h, and sometimes bridging therapy with heparin is used. A prospective observational study including 489 patients undergoing transradial catheterization was conducted. A total of 140 patients were under acenocoumarol (group A) and they were compared with the remainder (group B) for complications after the procedure (bleeding and vascular access complications). Patients in group A were older (74±12 years vs. 68±17 years, p<0.01) and the main indication for anticoagulation was atrial fibrillation (58.6%). No complications occurred during the procedures. There were no acute bleedings just after the bandage removal. During the first 24h, only 3 (2.1%) radial occlusions in group A and 2 (0.6%) in group B (p=0.14) were recorded. Hematomas between 5 and 10cm appeared in 5% of the group A vs. 4.6% in group B. During the 1-month follow-up period, one more radial occlusion in each group was recorded and there were 4 (1.1%) additional mild hematomas in group B and none in group A (p=0.48). Performing a transradial diagnostic cardiac catheterization without removal of the oral chronic anticoagulation appears safe in patients under acenocumarol therapy.
27234220	0	6	Safety	T062	C1705187
27234220	10	56	transradial diagnostic cardiac catheterization	T060	C2041518
27234220	60	68	patients	T101	C0030705
27234220	75	79	oral	T082	C0442027
27234220	80	101	anticoagulant therapy	T061	C0150457
27234220	102	125	Cardiac catheterization	T058	C0018795
27234220	129	143	anticoagulated	UnknownType	C0741134
27234220	144	152	patients	T101	C0030705
27234220	164	173	performed	T169	C0884358
27234220	184	199	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
27234220	209	218	withdrawn	T061	C1707825
27234220	264	293	bridging therapy with heparin	T061	C3873426
27234220	317	336	observational study	T062	C1518527
27234220	351	359	patients	T101	C0030705
27234220	371	398	transradial catheterization	T058	C0018795
27234220	429	437	patients	T101	C0030705
27234220	449	462	acenocoumarol	T109,T121	C0000956
27234220	464	471	group A	T185	C0441835
27234220	487	495	compared	T052	C1707455
27234220	505	514	remainder	T080	C1527428
27234220	516	523	group B	T185	C0441836
27234220	529	542	complications	T046	C0009566
27234220	553	562	procedure	T058	C0018795
27234220	564	572	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27234220	577	606	vascular access complications	T046	C0920165
27234220	609	617	Patients	T101	C0030705
27234220	621	628	group A	T185	C0441835
27234220	634	639	older	T098	C1518563
27234220	691	701	indication	T078	C3146298
27234220	706	721	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
27234220	726	745	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27234220	755	757	No	T033	C1513916
27234220	758	771	complications	T046	C0009566
27234220	792	802	procedures	T058	C0018795
27234220	815	817	no	T033	C1513916
27234220	818	833	acute bleedings	T046	C0333276
27234220	839	844	after	T079	C0687676
27234220	849	856	bandage	T074	C0004726
27234220	857	864	removal	T052	C1883720
27234220	902	919	radial occlusions	T046	C1110554
27234220	923	930	group A	T185	C0441835
27234220	947	954	group B	T185	C0441836
27234220	969	977	recorded	T080	C2355580
27234220	979	988	Hematomas	T046	C0018944
27234220	1030	1037	group A	T185	C0441835
27234220	1050	1057	group B	T185	C0441836
27234220	1070	1077	1-month	T079	C1442451
27234220	1078	1087	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27234220	1088	1094	period	T079	C1948053
27234220	1105	1121	radial occlusion	T046	C1110554
27234220	1130	1135	group	T078	C0441833
27234220	1140	1148	recorded	T080	C2355580
27234220	1184	1188	mild	T080	C2945599
27234220	1189	1198	hematomas	T046	C0018944
27234220	1202	1209	group B	T185	C0441836
27234220	1222	1229	group A	T185	C0441835
27234220	1240	1250	Performing	T169	C0884358
27234220	1253	1299	transradial diagnostic cardiac catheterization	T060	C2041518
27234220	1300	1307	without	T080	C0332288
27234220	1308	1315	removal	T052	C1883720
27234220	1323	1327	oral	T082	C0442027
27234220	1328	1351	chronic anticoagulation	UnknownType	C0694554
27234220	1360	1364	safe	T033	C3266157
27234220	1368	1376	patients	T101	C0030705
27234220	1383	1395	acenocumarol	T109,T121	C0000956
27234220	1396	1403	therapy	T061	C0087111

27235559|t|Does infrared visualization improve selection of venipuncture sites for indwelling needle at the forearm in second-year nursing students?
27235559|a|To evaluate the effectiveness of a vein visualization display system using near-infrared light (" Vein Display ") for the safe and proper selection of venipuncture sites for indwelling needle placement in the forearm. Ten second year nursing students were recruited to apply an indwelling needle line with and without Vein Display. Another ten participants were recruited from various faculty to serve as patients. The quality of the venipuncture procedure at various selected sites was evaluated according to a scale developed by the authors. Time, scores and patterns of puncture - site selection were compared with respect to three different methods: [1] attempt 1 (tourniquet only), [2] attempt 2 (Vein Display only) and [3] attempt 3 (both). To validate the effectiveness of Vein Display, 52 trials were conducted in total. We found that venipuncture site selection time was significantly improved with the Vein Display, particularly in the case of difficult to administer venipuncture sites. Overall, we found no significant difference with respect to venipuncture quality, as determined by our scale. These results suggest that equipment such as the Vein Display can contribute immensely to the improvement of practical skills, such as venipuncture, especially in the context of elderly patients.
27235559	5	13	infrared	T074	C0181645
27235559	14	27	visualization	T169	C0234621
27235559	36	45	selection	T052	C1707391
27235559	49	61	venipuncture	T060	C0600406
27235559	62	67	sites	T082	C0205145
27235559	72	82	indwelling	T169	C0439848
27235559	83	89	needle	T074	C0027551
27235559	97	104	forearm	T023	C0016536
27235559	120	136	nursing students	T097	C0038496
27235559	154	167	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27235559	173	206	vein visualization display system	T074	C0025080
27235559	213	232	near-infrared light	T070	C1289901
27235559	236	248	Vein Display	T074	C0025080
27235559	276	285	selection	T052	C1707391
27235559	289	301	venipuncture	T060	C0600406
27235559	302	307	sites	T082	C0205145
27235559	312	322	indwelling	T169	C0439848
27235559	323	329	needle	T074	C0027551
27235559	347	354	forearm	T023	C0016536
27235559	372	388	nursing students	T097	C0038496
27235559	416	426	indwelling	T169	C0439848
27235559	427	433	needle	T074	C0027551
27235559	456	460	Vein	T023	C0042449
27235559	461	468	Display	T169	C0870432
27235559	482	494	participants	T098	C0679646
27235559	523	530	faculty	T097	C0015535
27235559	543	551	patients	T101	C0030705
27235559	572	594	venipuncture procedure	T060	C0600406
27235559	615	620	sites	T082	C0205145
27235559	650	655	scale	T170	C0349674
27235559	673	680	authors	T097	C3812881
27235559	682	686	Time	T079	C0040223
27235559	688	694	scores	T081	C0449820
27235559	699	707	patterns	T080	C0332307
27235559	711	719	puncture	T060	C0600406
27235559	722	726	site	T082	C0205145
27235559	727	736	selection	T052	C1707391
27235559	807	817	tourniquet	T074	C0040519
27235559	840	852	Vein Display	T074	C0025080
27235559	901	914	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27235559	918	922	Vein	T023	C0042449
27235559	923	930	Display	T169	C0870432
27235559	981	993	venipuncture	T060	C0600406
27235559	994	998	site	T082	C0205145
27235559	999	1008	selection	T052	C1707391
27235559	1050	1062	Vein Display	T074	C0025080
27235559	1105	1115	administer	T169	C1621583
27235559	1116	1128	venipuncture	T060	C0600406
27235559	1129	1134	sites	T082	C0205145
27235559	1196	1208	venipuncture	T060	C0600406
27235559	1209	1216	quality	T080	C0332306
27235559	1239	1244	scale	T170	C0349674
27235559	1295	1307	Vein Display	T074	C0025080
27235559	1355	1371	practical skills	T080	C0008973
27235559	1381	1393	venipuncture	T060	C0600406
27235559	1424	1431	elderly	T098	C0001792
27235559	1432	1440	patients	T101	C0030705

27235789|t|Elective Nephron Sparing Surgery Decreases Other Cause Mortality Relative to Radical Nephrectomy Only in Specific Subgroups of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma
27235789|a|There is no consensus regarding a protective effect on mortality due to a cause other than cancer in patients treated with elective nephron sparing surgery relative to their radical nephrectomy counterparts. We test whether the protective effect of nephron sparing surgery relative to radical nephrectomy is universal or present in specific subgroups of patients. A collaborative database of 5 institutions was queried to evaluate 1,783 patients without chronic kidney disease diagnosed with a clinical T1 renal mass that was treated with nephron sparing surgery or radical nephrectomy. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was done to assess the impact of surgery type (nephron sparing surgery vs radical nephrectomy) on other cause mortality after adjustment for patient and cancer characteristics. Interaction terms were used to test the hypothesis that the impact of surgery type varies according to specific subcohorts of patients. Ten-year other cause mortality -free survival rates were 90% and 88% after nephron sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy, respectively. In the overall population radical nephrectomy was not associated with an increased risk of other cause mortality on multivariable analysis compared to nephron sparing surgery (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.6-1.38, p = 0.6). However, radical nephrectomy increased the risk of other cause mortality according to the increasing baseline Charlson comorbidity index (interaction test p = 0.0008). For example, in a patient with a Charlson comorbidity index of 4 the probability of 10-year other cause mortality -free survival was 86% after nephron sparing surgery and 60% after radical nephrectomy. Elective nephron sparing surgery does not improve other cause survival relative to radical nephrectomy consistently in all patients with kidney cancer. Patients who are more ill with relevant comorbidities are those who benefit the most from nephron sparing surgery in terms of other cause mortality.
27235789	0	8	Elective	T061	C0206058
27235789	9	32	Nephron Sparing Surgery	T061	C0194086
27235789	33	42	Decreases	T081	C0205216
27235789	43	64	Other Cause Mortality	T033	C0476465
27235789	65	73	Relative	T080	C0205345
27235789	77	96	Radical Nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27235789	105	113	Specific	T080	C0205369
27235789	114	123	Subgroups	T185	C1515021
27235789	127	135	Patients	T101	C0030705
27235789	141	161	Renal Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0007134
27235789	174	183	consensus	T054	C0376298
27235789	196	213	protective effect	T033	C1545588
27235789	217	226	mortality	T081	C0205848
27235789	253	259	cancer	T191	C0006826
27235789	263	271	patients	T101	C0030705
27235789	272	284	treated with	T061	C0332293
27235789	285	293	elective	T061	C0206058
27235789	294	317	nephron sparing surgery	T061	C0194086
27235789	318	326	relative	T080	C0205345
27235789	336	355	radical nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27235789	373	377	test	T169	C0039593
27235789	390	407	protective effect	T033	C1545588
27235789	411	434	nephron sparing surgery	T061	C0194086
27235789	435	443	relative	T080	C0205345
27235789	447	466	radical nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27235789	470	479	universal	T080	C0175671
27235789	494	502	specific	T080	C0205369
27235789	503	512	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27235789	516	524	patients	T101	C0030705
27235789	528	541	collaborative	T081	C0392762
27235789	542	550	database	T170	C0242356
27235789	556	568	institutions	T078	C1272753
27235789	573	580	queried	T170	C1522634
27235789	584	592	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27235789	599	607	patients	T101	C0030705
27235789	616	638	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
27235789	639	648	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27235789	656	664	clinical	T080	C0205210
27235789	665	678	T1 renal mass	T191	C2217020
27235789	688	700	treated with	T061	C0332293
27235789	701	724	nephron sparing surgery	T061	C0194086
27235789	728	747	radical nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27235789	749	786	Multivariable Cox regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27235789	799	805	assess	T058	C0184514
27235789	810	816	impact	T080	C4049986
27235789	820	827	surgery	T061	C0543467
27235789	834	857	nephron sparing surgery	T061	C0194086
27235789	861	880	radical nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27235789	885	906	other cause mortality	T033	C0476465
27235789	928	935	patient	T101	C0030705
27235789	940	946	cancer	T191	C0006826
27235789	947	962	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27235789	964	975	Interaction	T169	C1704675
27235789	995	999	test	T169	C0039593
27235789	1024	1030	impact	T080	C4049986
27235789	1034	1041	surgery	T061	C0543467
27235789	1067	1075	specific	T080	C0205369
27235789	1076	1086	subcohorts	T098	C0599755
27235789	1090	1098	patients	T101	C0030705
27235789	1100	1108	Ten-year	T079	C1254367
27235789	1109	1130	other cause mortality	T033	C0476465
27235789	1137	1151	survival rates	T081	C0038954
27235789	1175	1198	nephron sparing surgery	T061	C0194086
27235789	1203	1222	radical nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27235789	1245	1252	overall	T080	C1561607
27235789	1253	1263	population	T098	C1257890
27235789	1264	1283	radical nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27235789	1292	1307	associated with	T080	C0332281
27235789	1311	1320	increased	T081	C0205217
27235789	1321	1325	risk	T078	C0035647
27235789	1329	1350	other cause mortality	T033	C0476465
27235789	1354	1376	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
27235789	1389	1412	nephron sparing surgery	T061	C0194086
27235789	1414	1416	HR	T081	C2985465
27235789	1427	1429	CI	T081	C0009667
27235789	1459	1478	radical nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27235789	1479	1488	increased	T081	C0205217
27235789	1493	1497	risk	T078	C0035647
27235789	1501	1522	other cause mortality	T033	C0476465
27235789	1540	1550	increasing	T081	C0205217
27235789	1551	1559	baseline	T081	C1442488
27235789	1560	1586	Charlson comorbidity index	T170	C3714916
27235789	1588	1599	interaction	T169	C1704675
27235789	1600	1604	test	T169	C0039593
27235789	1636	1643	patient	T101	C0030705
27235789	1651	1677	Charlson comorbidity index	T170	C3714916
27235789	1687	1698	probability	T081	C0033204
27235789	1702	1709	10-year	T079	C1254367
27235789	1710	1731	other cause mortality	T033	C0476465
27235789	1738	1746	survival	T052	C0038952
27235789	1761	1784	nephron sparing surgery	T061	C0194086
27235789	1799	1818	radical nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27235789	1820	1828	Elective	T061	C0206058
27235789	1829	1852	nephron sparing surgery	T061	C0194086
27235789	1862	1869	improve	T033	C0184511
27235789	1882	1890	survival	T052	C0038952
27235789	1891	1899	relative	T080	C0205345
27235789	1903	1922	radical nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27235789	1943	1951	patients	T101	C0030705
27235789	1957	1970	kidney cancer	T191	C0740457
27235789	1972	1980	Patients	T101	C0030705
27235789	1994	1997	ill	T184	C0221423
27235789	2003	2011	relevant	T080	C2347946
27235789	2012	2025	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27235789	2040	2047	benefit	T081	C0814225
27235789	2062	2085	nephron sparing surgery	T061	C0194086
27235789	2098	2119	other cause mortality	T033	C0476465

27235824|t|A prime a day keeps calories away: The effects of supraliminal priming on food consumption and the moderating role of gender and eating restraint
27235824|a|The link between intentions and action in weight control is weaker than previously thought, so recent research has called for further investigation of ways to improve weight control that bypass conscious intentions. Priming has been shown to have effects on individual behavior in a variety of contexts by influencing subconscious cognition. This paper investigates the effects of semantic priming using healthy body image, goal-oriented words on food consumption. The moderating role of both restrained eating and gender is investigated. 161 participants were involved in an experiment using a novel version of a scrambled sentence priming game. The outcome measure was the number of kilocalories consumed, examined using a between subjects ANCOVA with priming, gender, restrained eating index, self-reported BMI, and two interaction terms (priming x gender, and priming x restrained eating index). There was no main effect of priming but there was an interaction of priming with gender. Females consumed significantly fewer kilocalories after being exposed to priming words related to a healthy body image (i.e. "slim", "fit,") compared to females receiving the neutral prime, with a medium effect size (d = 0.58). The body image prime did not significantly affect food intake for males, nor did it have a differential effect on restrained eaters. This study shows that priming can be an effective method for influencing females to reduce food intake, regardless of whether they are restrained or unrestrained eaters. Future studies could investigate whether different priming words related to a male's healthy body image goal (i.e. "buff," " muscles ," etc.) would similarly reduce food intake for males.
27235824	2	7	prime	T041	C3825344
27235824	20	28	calories	T081	C1556156
27235824	39	49	effects of	T080	C1704420
27235824	50	70	supraliminal priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	74	90	food consumption	T052	C2983605
27235824	99	114	moderating role	T170	C1704326
27235824	118	124	gender	T032	C0079399
27235824	129	145	eating restraint	T170	C0451424
27235824	163	173	intentions	T041	C0162425
27235824	178	184	action	T052	C3266814
27235824	188	202	weight control	T061	C0920298
27235824	248	256	research	T062	C0035168
27235824	313	327	weight control	T061	C0920298
27235824	340	349	conscious	T041	C0234421
27235824	350	360	intentions	T041	C0162425
27235824	362	369	Priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	464	476	subconscious	T041	C0038535
27235824	477	486	cognition	T041	C0009240
27235824	516	526	effects of	T080	C1704420
27235824	527	543	semantic priming	T169	C0871332
27235824	550	557	healthy	T080	C3898900
27235824	558	568	body image	T041	C0005891
27235824	570	589	goal-oriented words	T170	C0042926
27235824	593	609	food consumption	T052	C2983605
27235824	615	630	moderating role	T170	C1704326
27235824	639	656	restrained eating	T170	C0451424
27235824	661	667	gender	T032	C0079399
27235824	689	701	participants	T098	C0679646
27235824	722	732	experiment	T062	C0681814
27235824	770	778	sentence	T170	C0876929
27235824	779	786	priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	787	791	game	T056	C0150593
27235824	831	843	kilocalories	T081	C0439259
27235824	844	852	consumed	T061	C0513065
27235824	888	894	ANCOVA	T081	C0814908
27235824	900	907	priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	909	915	gender	T032	C0079399
27235824	917	940	restrained eating index	T170	C0451424
27235824	942	955	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27235824	956	959	BMI	T201	C1305855
27235824	969	980	interaction	T169	C1704675
27235824	988	995	priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	998	1004	gender	T032	C0079399
27235824	1010	1017	priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	1020	1043	restrained eating index	T170	C0451424
27235824	1064	1073	effect of	T080	C1704420
27235824	1074	1081	priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	1099	1110	interaction	T169	C1704675
27235824	1114	1121	priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	1127	1133	gender	T032	C0079399
27235824	1135	1142	Females	T032	C0086287
27235824	1172	1184	kilocalories	T081	C0439259
27235824	1208	1215	priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	1216	1221	words	T170	C0042926
27235824	1235	1242	healthy	T080	C3898900
27235824	1243	1253	body image	T041	C0005891
27235824	1288	1295	females	T032	C0086287
27235824	1318	1323	prime	T041	C3825344
27235824	1367	1377	body image	T041	C0005891
27235824	1378	1383	prime	T041	C3825344
27235824	1413	1424	food intake	T040	C0013470
27235824	1429	1434	males	T032	C0086582
27235824	1477	1494	restrained eaters	T098	C0679646
27235824	1518	1525	priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	1569	1576	females	T032	C0086287
27235824	1587	1598	food intake	T040	C0013470
27235824	1631	1641	restrained	T098	C0679646
27235824	1645	1664	unrestrained eaters	T098	C0679646
27235824	1717	1724	priming	T041	C3825344
27235824	1725	1730	words	T170	C0042926
27235824	1744	1750	male's	T032	C0086582
27235824	1751	1758	healthy	T080	C3898900
27235824	1759	1769	body image	T041	C0005891
27235824	1791	1798	muscles	T024	C0026845
27235824	1831	1842	food intake	T040	C0013470
27235824	1847	1852	males	T032	C0086582

27235870|t|Neurotrophins and specific receptors in the oviduct tracts of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
27235870|a|Neurotrophins (NGF, BDNF and NT-3) and their specific receptors (TrkA, TrkB and TrkC) were studied in the oviduct of egg laying quails. Neurotrophins (NTs) are mainly involved in the development and maintenance of neuronal populations in the central and peripheral nervous system, but also in reproductive system. In this survey, we first studied the morphological organization of the quail oviduct, distinguished in infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina, and then we analyzed the expression and localization of NTs and Trks receptors in the whole tracts. By western blotting we detected that the investigated NTs and Trks receptors are expressed in all oviductal tracts. By immunohistochemistry we were able to define the distribution of NTs and Trks. Specifically, NGF, BDNF and NT3 were localized in lining and ductal epithelial cells, and NGF was also detected in secretory cells of tubular glands and in nervous fibers of vessel wall. TrkA and TrkB were present in the lining and ductal epithelium; TrkA and TrkC were present in nervous fibers of vessel wall in all oviductal tracts. Furthermore, we also observed NGF and BDNF co-localized with TrkA and TrkB in cells of the lining and ductal epithelium, suggesting an autocrine mechanism of action.
27235870	0	13	Neurotrophins	T116,T123	C0027754
27235870	18	36	specific receptors	T116,T192	C0254837
27235870	44	58	oviduct tracts	T023	C0029954
27235870	62	76	Japanese quail	T012	C0022345
27235870	78	104	Coturnix coturnix japonica	T012	C0022345
27235870	106	119	Neurotrophins	T116,T123	C0027754
27235870	121	124	NGF	T116,T123	C0027752
27235870	126	130	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27235870	135	139	NT-3	T116,T123	C0083735
27235870	151	169	specific receptors	T116,T192	C0254837
27235870	171	175	TrkA	T116,T126,T192	C0072482
27235870	177	181	TrkB	T116,T126,T192	C0084873
27235870	186	190	TrkC	T116,T126,T192	C0132300
27235870	197	204	studied	T062	C2603343
27235870	212	219	oviduct	T023	C0029954
27235870	223	233	egg laying	T040	C1622979
27235870	234	240	quails	T012	C0022345
27235870	242	255	Neurotrophins	T116,T123	C0027754
27235870	257	260	NTs	T116,T123	C0027754
27235870	289	300	development	T169	C1527148
27235870	305	316	maintenance	T169	C0587894
27235870	320	340	neuronal populations	T025	C0027882
27235870	348	355	central	T022	C3714787
27235870	360	385	peripheral nervous system	T022	C0206417
27235870	399	418	reproductive system	T022	C1261210
27235870	445	452	studied	T062	C2603343
27235870	457	470	morphological	T080	C0332437
27235870	471	483	organization	T039	C0029237
27235870	491	496	quail	T012	C0022345
27235870	497	504	oviduct	T023	C0029954
27235870	523	535	infundibulum	T023	C0227911
27235870	537	543	magnum	T023	C0229962
27235870	545	552	isthmus	T023	C0227909
27235870	554	560	uterus	T023	C0042149
27235870	565	571	vagina	T023	C0042232
27235870	585	593	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27235870	598	608	expression	T045	C1171362
27235870	613	625	localization	T043	C0007613
27235870	629	632	NTs	T116,T123	C0027754
27235870	637	651	Trks receptors	T116,T192	C0254837
27235870	665	671	tracts	T023	C0029954
27235870	676	692	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27235870	714	726	investigated	T169	C1292732
27235870	727	730	NTs	T116,T123	C0027754
27235870	735	749	Trks receptors	T116,T192	C0254837
27235870	754	763	expressed	T045	C1171362
27235870	771	787	oviductal tracts	T023	C0029954
27235870	792	812	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27235870	840	852	distribution	T043	C0872250
27235870	856	859	NTs	T116,T123	C0027754
27235870	864	868	Trks	T116,T192	C0254837
27235870	884	887	NGF	T116,T123	C0027752
27235870	889	893	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27235870	898	901	NT3	T116,T123	C0083735
27235870	920	926	lining	T082	C1254362
27235870	931	954	ductal epithelial cells	T025	C1512085
27235870	960	963	NGF	T116,T123	C0027752
27235870	985	1000	secretory cells	T025	C1519221
27235870	1004	1018	tubular glands	T023	C1179446
27235870	1026	1040	nervous fibers	T026	C0027749
27235870	1044	1055	vessel wall	T023	C0507777
27235870	1057	1061	TrkA	T116,T126,T192	C0072482
27235870	1066	1070	TrkB	T116,T126,T192	C0084873
27235870	1091	1097	lining	T082	C1254362
27235870	1102	1119	ductal epithelium	T024	C1512086
27235870	1121	1125	TrkA	T116,T126,T192	C0072482
27235870	1130	1134	TrkC	T116,T126,T192	C0132300
27235870	1151	1165	nervous fibers	T026	C0027749
27235870	1169	1180	vessel wall	T023	C0507777
27235870	1188	1204	oviductal tracts	T023	C0029954
27235870	1236	1239	NGF	T116,T123	C0027752
27235870	1244	1248	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27235870	1267	1271	TrkA	T116,T126,T192	C0072482
27235870	1276	1280	TrkB	T116,T126,T192	C0084873
27235870	1284	1289	cells	T025	C0007634
27235870	1297	1303	lining	T082	C1254362
27235870	1308	1325	ductal epithelium	T024	C1512086
27235870	1341	1360	autocrine mechanism	T043	C3825249
27235870	1364	1370	action	T052	C3266814

27235977|t|Laser -facilitated epicutaneous immunotherapy to IgE-mediated allergy
27235977|a|Allergen specific immunotherapy has been shown to be the only effective treatment for long-lasting clinical benefit to IgE-mediated allergic diseases, but a fewer than 5% of patients choose the treatment because of inconvenience and a high risk of anaphylaxis. Recently, epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy (EPIT) has proven effective, yet with limitations owing to strong skin reactions. We demonstrate here safer and faster EPIT, named μEPIT, by delivering powdered allergen and adjuvants into many micropores in the epidermis. We fabricated a microarray patch fractionally coated with a powder mixture of ovalbumin (OVA) model allergen, CpG, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3). Topical application of the patch onto laser-microperforated skin resulted in a high level of epidermal delivery while greatly minimizing allergen leakage into circulation system as compared to current subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Moreover, only three times of μEPIT over two weeks could sufficiently inhibit allergen-specific IgE responses in mice suffering OVA -induced airway hyperresponsivness (AHR), which was unattainable by eight times of SCIT over three weeks. Mechanistically, μEPIT preferably enhanced IgG2a production suggesting TH1-biased immune responses and induced a high level of T-regulatory (Treg) cells against repeated allergen sensitization. The immune tolerance was confirmed by marked reduction in airway wall thickness as well as eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration into the respiratory airway. The μEPIT represents a novel and painless technology to treat IgE-mediated allergic diseases with little local skin reaction and a minimal risk of anaphylaxis.
27235977	0	5	Laser	T073	C0023089
27235977	19	31	epicutaneous	T061	C0001558
27235977	32	45	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083
27235977	49	69	IgE-mediated allergy	T047	C1706410
27235977	70	101	Allergen specific immunotherapy	T061	C0162352
27235977	132	141	effective	T080	C1704419
27235977	142	151	treatment	T061	C0087111
27235977	156	168	long-lasting	T079	C0443252
27235977	169	177	clinical	T080	C0205210
27235977	178	185	benefit	T081	C0814225
27235977	189	219	IgE-mediated allergic diseases	T047	C1706410
27235977	244	252	patients	T101	C0030705
27235977	264	273	treatment	T061	C0087111
27235977	305	317	high risk of	T033	C0332167
27235977	318	329	anaphylaxis	T046	C0002792
27235977	341	385	epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy	T061	C0162352
27235977	387	391	EPIT	T061	C0162352
27235977	404	413	effective	T080	C1704419
27235977	424	435	limitations	T169	C0449295
27235977	445	466	strong skin reactions	T201	C0221743
27235977	505	509	EPIT	T061	C0162352
27235977	517	522	μEPIT	T061	C0162352
27235977	527	537	delivering	T169	C1705822
27235977	538	555	powdered allergen	T129	C0002092
27235977	560	569	adjuvants	T121,T129	C0001551
27235977	580	590	micropores	T026	C1325742
27235977	598	607	epidermis	T024	C0014520
27235977	625	635	microarray	T073	C1709016
27235977	636	641	patch	T074	C0991556
27235977	655	661	coated	T080	C1522408
27235977	669	696	powder mixture of ovalbumin	T116,T123	C0029923
27235977	698	701	OVA	T116,T123	C0029923
27235977	709	717	allergen	T129	C0002092
27235977	719	722	CpG	T114,T123	C0056912
27235977	728	752	1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
27235977	754	757	VD3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
27235977	760	779	Topical application	T061	C0683174
27235977	787	792	patch	T074	C0991556
27235977	798	819	laser-microperforated	T033	C1709025
27235977	820	824	skin	T022	C1123023
27235977	825	836	resulted in	T169	C0332294
27235977	844	849	level	T080	C0441889
27235977	853	862	epidermal	T024	C0014520
27235977	863	871	delivery	T169	C1705822
27235977	897	905	allergen	T129	C0002092
27235977	906	913	leakage	T033	C4281748
27235977	919	937	circulation system	T022	C0007226
27235977	941	949	compared	T052	C1707455
27235977	961	987	subcutaneous immunotherapy	T061	C0413381
27235977	989	993	SCIT	T061	C0413381
27235977	1026	1031	μEPIT	T061	C0162352
27235977	1066	1073	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27235977	1074	1095	allergen-specific IgE	T116,T129	C0443736
27235977	1096	1105	responses	T032	C0871261
27235977	1109	1113	mice	T015	C0025929
27235977	1124	1127	OVA	T116,T123	C0029923
27235977	1137	1162	airway hyperresponsivness	T046	C0035228
27235977	1164	1167	AHR	T046	C0035228
27235977	1211	1215	SCIT	T061	C0413381
27235977	1251	1256	μEPIT	T061	C0162352
27235977	1268	1276	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27235977	1277	1282	IgG2a	T116,T129	C0020857
27235977	1283	1293	production	T038	C0003261
27235977	1305	1315	TH1-biased	T025	C0242632
27235977	1316	1332	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27235977	1337	1344	induced	T169	C0205263
27235977	1352	1357	level	T080	C0441889
27235977	1361	1373	T-regulatory	T025	C0039198
27235977	1375	1379	Treg	T025	C0039198
27235977	1381	1386	cells	T025	C0007634
27235977	1404	1426	allergen sensitization	T047	C2938930
27235977	1432	1448	immune tolerance	T046	C0020963
27235977	1453	1465	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27235977	1473	1482	reduction	T061	C0441610
27235977	1486	1497	airway wall	T023	C0458827
27235977	1498	1507	thickness	T033	C0205400
27235977	1519	1529	eosinophil	T025	C0014467
27235977	1534	1557	neutrophil infiltration	T039	C0751982
27235977	1567	1585	respiratory airway	T023	C0282335
27235977	1591	1596	μEPIT	T061	C0162352
27235977	1597	1607	represents	T052	C1882932
27235977	1610	1615	novel	T080	C0205314
27235977	1620	1628	painless	T169	C0234226
27235977	1629	1639	technology	T090	C0039421
27235977	1643	1648	treat	T061	C0087111
27235977	1649	1679	IgE-mediated allergic diseases	T047	C1706410
27235977	1692	1711	local skin reaction	T201	C0221743
27235977	1734	1745	anaphylaxis	T046	C0002792

27235985|t|Predicting real - world functional milestones in schizophrenia
27235985|a|Schizophrenia is a severe disorder that often causes impairments in major areas of functioning, and most patients do not achieve expected real - world functional milestones. The aim of this study was to identify which variables of demography, illness activity, and functional capacity predict patients ' ability to attain real - world functional milestones. Participants were 235 outpatients, 149 men and 86 women, diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Our results showed that younger patients managed to achieve a higher level of functioning in educational level, marital status, and social contacts. Patients ' functional capacity was primarily associated with educational level and housing situation. We also found that women needed less support regarding housing and obtained a higher level of marital status as compared with men. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering current symptoms, especially negative symptoms, and remission stability over time, together with age, duration of illness, gender, educational level, and current functional capacity, when predicting patients ' future real - world functioning. We also conclude that there is an advantage in exploring symptoms divided into positive, negative, and general domains considering their probable impact on functional achievements.
27235985	0	10	Predicting	T078	C0681842
27235985	11	15	real	T080	C0237400
27235985	18	23	world	T098	C2700280
27235985	24	34	functional	T169	C0205245
27235985	35	45	milestones	T077	C2347129
27235985	49	62	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27235985	63	76	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27235985	82	97	severe disorder	T033	C1836348
27235985	116	127	impairments	T169	C0221099
27235985	146	157	functioning	T169	C0542341
27235985	168	176	patients	T101	C0030705
27235985	201	205	real	T080	C0237400
27235985	208	213	world	T098	C2700280
27235985	214	224	functional	T169	C0205245
27235985	225	235	milestones	T077	C2347129
27235985	253	258	study	T062	C2603343
27235985	281	290	variables	T080	C0439828
27235985	294	304	demography	T090	C0011298
27235985	306	313	illness	T184	C0221423
27235985	314	322	activity	T052	C0441655
27235985	328	347	functional capacity	T033	C1998319
27235985	356	364	patients	T101	C0030705
27235985	385	389	real	T080	C0237400
27235985	392	397	world	T098	C2700280
27235985	398	408	functional	T169	C0205245
27235985	409	419	milestones	T077	C2347129
27235985	421	433	Participants	T098	C0679646
27235985	443	454	outpatients	T101	C0029921
27235985	460	463	men	T098	C0025266
27235985	471	476	women	T098	C0043210
27235985	478	487	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27235985	493	506	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27235985	507	524	spectrum disorder	T048	C0004936
27235985	550	557	younger	T079	C0332239
27235985	558	566	patients	T101	C0030705
27235985	588	594	higher	T080	C0205250
27235985	595	600	level	T080	C0441889
27235985	604	615	functioning	T169	C0542341
27235985	619	636	educational level	T033	C0013658
27235985	638	652	marital status	T102	C0024819
27235985	658	673	social contacts	T033	C0243095
27235985	675	683	Patients	T101	C0030705
27235985	686	705	functional capacity	T033	C1998319
27235985	736	753	educational level	T033	C0013658
27235985	758	765	housing	T073	C0020056
27235985	796	801	women	T098	C0043210
27235985	832	839	housing	T073	C0020056
27235985	855	861	higher	T080	C0205250
27235985	862	867	level	T080	C0441889
27235985	871	885	marital status	T102	C0024819
27235985	903	906	men	T098	C0025266
27235985	912	920	findings	T033	C0243095
27235985	963	970	current	T079	C0521116
27235985	971	979	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27235985	992	1000	negative	T033	C0205160
27235985	1001	1009	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27235985	1015	1024	remission	T033	C0544452
27235985	1025	1034	stability	T080	C0205360
27235985	1040	1044	time	T079	C0040223
27235985	1060	1063	age	T032	C0001779
27235985	1065	1084	duration of illness	T079	C3176590
27235985	1086	1092	gender	T032	C0079399
27235985	1094	1111	educational level	T033	C0013658
27235985	1117	1124	current	T079	C0521116
27235985	1125	1144	functional capacity	T033	C1998319
27235985	1162	1170	patients	T101	C0030705
27235985	1180	1184	real	T080	C0237400
27235985	1187	1192	world	T098	C2700280
27235985	1193	1204	functioning	T169	C0542341
27235985	1263	1271	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27235985	1285	1293	positive	T033	C1446409
27235985	1295	1303	negative	T033	C0205160
27235985	1352	1358	impact	T080	C4049986
27235985	1362	1372	functional	T169	C0205245
27235985	1373	1385	achievements	T053	C0001072

27236033|t|LDLR, ApoB and ApoE genes polymorphisms and classical risk factors in premature coronary artery disease
27236033|a|Lipoproteins play a central role in the development of atherosclerotic disease. So, with their ability to affect lipid levels, the LDLR, ApoB and ApoE polymorphisms could be one of the factors influencing development of atherosclerosis. This hypothesis has been tested in different populations with conflicting results. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the LDLR, ApoB and ApoE genes polymorphisms with premature CAD (PCAD) in Egyptians. One hundred thirty-five patients of PCAD and one hundred thirty-two ages and sex matched control subjects were included in the study. LDLR and ApoB genes polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ApoE genotypes were identified by multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (multi-AMRS). We found that LDLR A(+)A(+) genotype, ApoB X(+) allele and ApoE E4 allele increased the risk of PCAD by 1.8, 2.1 and 12.1 respectively. The present study proved that smoking, metabolic syndrome, ApoB X(+)X(+) genotype and ApoE E4 allele were independent risk factors for the development of PCAD. This is the first study investigate the association between low density lipoprotein receptor, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein E genes polymorphisms with PCAD and lipid levels in Egyptians and we concluded that the LDLR A(+)A(+) genotype, ApoB X(+) allele and ApoE E4 allele may be associated with an increased risk for development of PCAD by elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDLc). The coexistence of CAD risk factors with LDLR A(+)A(+) genotype, ApoB X(+) allele and ApoE E4 allele may increase the risk of the development of PCAD in Egyptian patients.
27236033	0	4	LDLR	T028	C1366529
27236033	6	10	ApoB	T028	C1412471
27236033	15	25	ApoE genes	T028	C1412481
27236033	26	39	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27236033	54	66	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27236033	70	103	premature coronary artery disease	T047	C1867743
27236033	104	116	Lipoproteins	T116,T123	C0023820
27236033	144	155	development	T169	C1527148
27236033	159	182	atherosclerotic disease	T047	C0004153
27236033	217	229	lipid levels	T034	C0428460
27236033	235	239	LDLR	T028	C1366529
27236033	241	245	ApoB	T028	C1412471
27236033	250	254	ApoE	T028	C1412481
27236033	255	268	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27236033	309	320	development	T169	C1527148
27236033	324	339	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27236033	346	356	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27236033	366	372	tested	T170	C0392366
27236033	386	397	populations	T081	C0032659
27236033	464	475	investigate	T169	C1292732
27236033	504	508	LDLR	T028	C1366529
27236033	510	514	ApoB	T028	C1412471
27236033	519	529	ApoE genes	T028	C1412481
27236033	530	543	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27236033	549	562	premature CAD	T047	C1867743
27236033	564	568	PCAD	T047	C1867743
27236033	573	582	Egyptians	T098	C0337801
27236033	608	616	patients	T101	C0030705
27236033	620	624	PCAD	T047	C1867743
27236033	652	656	ages	T032	C0001779
27236033	661	664	sex	T032	C1522384
27236033	718	722	LDLR	T028	C1366529
27236033	727	737	ApoB genes	T028	C1412471
27236033	738	751	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27236033	757	765	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27236033	769	794	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27236033	796	799	PCR	T063	C0032520
27236033	806	810	ApoE	T028	C1412481
27236033	811	820	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27236033	840	890	multiplex amplification refractory mutation system	T059	C2732542
27236033	892	902	multi-AMRS	T059	C2732542
27236033	919	932	LDLR A(+)A(+)	T028	C1366529
27236033	933	941	genotype	T032	C0017431
27236033	943	952	ApoB X(+)	T028	C1412471
27236033	953	959	allele	T028	C0002085
27236033	964	971	ApoE E4	T028	C1412481
27236033	972	978	allele	T028	C0002085
27236033	1001	1005	PCAD	T047	C1867743
27236033	1071	1078	smoking	T055	C0037369
27236033	1080	1098	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
27236033	1100	1113	ApoB X(+)X(+)	T028	C1412471
27236033	1114	1122	genotype	T032	C0017431
27236033	1127	1134	ApoE E4	T028	C1412481
27236033	1135	1141	allele	T028	C0002085
27236033	1159	1171	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27236033	1180	1191	development	T169	C1527148
27236033	1195	1199	PCAD	T047	C1867743
27236033	1225	1236	investigate	T169	C1292732
27236033	1261	1293	low density lipoprotein receptor	T028	C1366529
27236033	1295	1311	apolipoprotein B	T028	C1412471
27236033	1316	1338	apolipoprotein E genes	T028	C1412481
27236033	1339	1352	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27236033	1358	1362	PCAD	T047	C1867743
27236033	1367	1379	lipid levels	T034	C0428460
27236033	1383	1392	Egyptians	T098	C0337801
27236033	1419	1432	LDLR A(+)A(+)	T028	C1366529
27236033	1433	1441	genotype	T032	C0017431
27236033	1443	1452	ApoB X(+)	T028	C1412471
27236033	1453	1459	allele	T028	C0002085
27236033	1464	1471	ApoE E4	T028	C1412481
27236033	1472	1478	allele	T028	C0002085
27236033	1486	1501	associated with	T080	C0332281
27236033	1524	1535	development	T169	C1527148
27236033	1539	1543	PCAD	T047	C1867743
27236033	1556	1588	levels of total cholesterol (TC)	T059	C0201950
27236033	1593	1616	low density lipoprotein	T059	C0202116
27236033	1618	1622	LDLc	T059	C0202116
27236033	1644	1647	CAD	T047	C1867743
27236033	1648	1660	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27236033	1666	1679	LDLR A(+)A(+)	T028	C1366529
27236033	1680	1688	genotype	T032	C0017431
27236033	1690	1699	ApoB X(+)	T028	C1412471
27236033	1700	1706	allele	T028	C0002085
27236033	1711	1718	ApoE E4	T028	C1412481
27236033	1719	1725	allele	T028	C0002085
27236033	1755	1766	development	T169	C1527148
27236033	1770	1774	PCAD	T047	C1867743
27236033	1778	1786	Egyptian	T098	C0337801
27236033	1787	1795	patients	T101	C0030705

27236097|t|The influence of liposomal formulation on the incorporation and retention of PNA oligomers
27236097|a|Liposomal formulations composed of phospholipids with different unsaturation degrees, head groups and at different cholesterol content have been tested for the encapsulation of Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) oligomers. The best loading capability (177μg, ER %=87.2) was obtained for pure liposomes of phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG) with negatively charged head group. The insertion of a 10-20% of cholesterol in DOPG based liposomes provides a slight decrease (∼160μg) of the PNA loading. On the other hand, the cholesterol addition (20-30%) slows down the PNA's release (∼27%) in fetal bovine serum from the liposomal formulation. Based on the encapsulation and the release properties, PEGylated DOPG liposomes with a percentage of cholesterol of 10-20% are the optimal formulation for the loading of PNA-a210.
27236097	17	26	liposomal	T109	C0023828
27236097	27	38	formulation	T077	C1705957
27236097	46	59	incorporation	T169	C0243126
27236097	64	73	retention	T169	C0333117
27236097	77	90	PNA oligomers	T114	C0600500
27236097	91	100	Liposomal	T109	C0023828
27236097	101	113	formulations	T077	C1705957
27236097	126	139	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27236097	155	175	unsaturation degrees	T080	C0522535
27236097	177	188	head groups	T169	C0205245
27236097	206	242	cholesterol content have been tested	T059	C0201950
27236097	251	264	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
27236097	268	304	Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) oligomers	T114	C0600500
27236097	310	333	best loading capability	T081	C3714444
27236097	342	344	ER	T081	C0456603
27236097	375	384	liposomes	T109	C0023828
27236097	388	408	phosphatidylglycerol	T109	C0043840
27236097	410	414	DOPG	T109	C0043840
27236097	421	439	negatively charged	T196	C0003075
27236097	440	450	head group	T169	C0205245
27236097	456	465	insertion	T058	C0441587
27236097	481	492	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27236097	496	500	DOPG	T109	C0043840
27236097	507	516	liposomes	T109	C0023828
27236097	535	543	decrease	T081	C0547047
27236097	560	563	PNA	T114	C0600500
27236097	564	571	loading	T052	C1708715
27236097	596	607	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27236097	608	616	addition	T169	C1524062
27236097	641	646	PNA's	T114	C0600500
27236097	647	654	release	T070	C3850077
27236097	665	683	fetal bovine serum	T130	C3812213
27236097	693	702	liposomal	T109	C0023828
27236097	703	714	formulation	T077	C1705957
27236097	729	742	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
27236097	751	769	release properties	T070	C3850077
27236097	771	780	PEGylated	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27236097	781	785	DOPG	T109	C0043840
27236097	786	795	liposomes	T109	C0023828
27236097	817	828	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27236097	847	866	optimal formulation	T062	C0524527
27236097	875	882	loading	T052	C1708715
27236097	886	894	PNA-a210	T114	C0600500

27236596|t|Mandibular kinesiographic pattern of women with chronic TMD after management with educational and self-care therapies: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial
27236596|a|Limited mandibular movements are one of the most important signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and may cause functional difficulties. The purpose of this double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of treatment with only educational or education associated with self-care therapies on the pattern of mandibular movements of women with chronic painful TMDs. Forty-two women were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, control group (CG, n=13), education group (EG, n=16), and education and self-care group (ESG, n=13), according to the sequence of treatment they received. A kinesiograph device recorded mandibular movements during maximum mouth opening and mastication at baseline (T0) and at 30-day (T1) and 60-day (T2) follow-up. Kinesiographic data were statistically analyzed using 1-way ANOVA, followed by the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons of means (α=.05). The ESG group demonstrated an improvement in the maximum vertical opening (MVO = 5.1 ±3.4 mm; P=.012) and anteroposterior mandibular movement (MAM) during maximum opening (7.4 ±9.5; P=.019), significantly higher than that of the EG (MVO =1.8 ±3.5 mm; MAM =0.8 ±5.0 mm) and the CG (MVO =0.9 ±3.8 mm; MAM =0.8 ±4.4 mm) after 30 days of follow-up. Moreover, at T1, vertical mandibular movement during mastication was significantly higher in the ESG group (17.4 ±1.7 mm) than in the EG group (15.0 ±2.8, P=.027). No significant differences were found between the women who received treatment with educational and self-care therapies for 60 days and the women who received this treatment for 30 days. In the short-term, education and self-care treatment positively influenced the mandibular movement pattern of women with chronic painful TMDs.
27236596	0	10	Mandibular	T023	C0024687
27236596	11	33	kinesiographic pattern	T170	C0282574
27236596	37	42	women	T098	C0043210
27236596	48	55	chronic	T079	C0205191
27236596	56	59	TMD	T047	C0039494
27236596	66	76	management	T058	C0376636
27236596	82	93	educational	T185	C0013622
27236596	98	117	self-care therapies	T061	C0567459
27236596	121	133	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27236596	135	160	randomized clinical trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27236596	161	189	Limited mandibular movements	T033	C4228933
27236596	210	219	important	T080	C3898777
27236596	220	225	signs	T184	C0037088
27236596	229	256	temporomandibular disorders	T047	C0039494
27236596	258	262	TMDs	T047	C0039494
27236596	272	277	cause	T169	C0015127
27236596	278	288	functional	T169	C0205245
27236596	289	301	difficulties	T080	C0332218
27236596	323	335	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27236596	337	362	randomized clinical trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27236596	370	378	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27236596	383	389	effect	T080	C1280500
27236596	393	402	treatment	T061	C0087111
27236596	413	424	educational	T185	C0013622
27236596	428	437	education	T185	C0013622
27236596	438	453	associated with	T080	C0332281
27236596	454	473	self-care therapies	T061	C0567459
27236596	481	488	pattern	T170	C0282574
27236596	492	502	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27236596	503	512	movements	T040	C0026649
27236596	516	521	women	T098	C0043210
27236596	527	542	chronic painful	T184	C0150055
27236596	543	547	TMDs	T047	C0039494
27236596	549	558	Forty-two	T081	C0392762
27236596	559	564	women	T098	C0043210
27236596	570	578	selected	T052	C1707391
27236596	583	591	randomly	T080	C0439605
27236596	592	599	divided	T169	C0332849
27236596	607	613	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27236596	615	628	control group	T096	C0009932
27236596	630	632	CG	T096	C0009932
27236596	641	656	education group	UnknownType	C0681860
27236596	658	660	EG	UnknownType	C0681860
27236596	673	702	education and self-care group	UnknownType	C0681860
27236596	704	707	ESG	UnknownType	C0681860
27236596	733	741	sequence	T169	C1519249
27236596	745	754	treatment	T061	C0087111
27236596	760	768	received	T080	C1514756
27236596	772	791	kinesiograph device	T074	C0025080
27236596	792	800	recorded	T080	C2355580
27236596	801	811	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27236596	812	821	movements	T040	C0026649
27236596	822	828	during	T079	C0347984
27236596	829	836	maximum	T081	C0806909
27236596	837	842	mouth	T030	C0226896
27236596	843	850	opening	T040	C0026649
27236596	855	866	mastication	T042	C0024888
27236596	870	878	baseline	T081	C1442488
27236596	880	882	T0	T079	C1254367
27236596	891	897	30-day	T079	C0439228
27236596	899	901	T1	T079	C1254367
27236596	907	913	60-day	T079	C0439228
27236596	915	917	T2	T079	C1254367
27236596	919	928	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27236596	930	949	Kinesiographic data	T170	C1516606
27236596	955	977	statistically analyzed	T062	C0871424
27236596	978	983	using	T169	C1524063
27236596	984	995	1-way ANOVA	T081	C1709320
27236596	997	1008	followed by	T079	C0332283
27236596	1013	1028	Bonferroni test	T081	C1879894
27236596	1033	1041	multiple	T081	C0439064
27236596	1042	1053	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27236596	1057	1062	means	T077	C1704970
27236596	1076	1085	ESG group	UnknownType	C0681860
27236596	1102	1113	improvement	T077	C2986411
27236596	1121	1145	maximum vertical opening	T040	C0026649
27236596	1147	1150	MVO	T040	C0026649
27236596	1178	1213	anteroposterior mandibular movement	T040	C0026649
27236596	1215	1218	MAM	T040	C0026649
27236596	1220	1226	during	T079	C0347984
27236596	1227	1234	maximum	T081	C0806909
27236596	1235	1242	opening	T040	C0026649
27236596	1263	1283	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27236596	1301	1303	EG	UnknownType	C0681860
27236596	1305	1308	MVO	T040	C0026649
27236596	1323	1326	MAM	T040	C0026649
27236596	1349	1351	CG	T096	C0009932
27236596	1353	1356	MVO	T040	C0026649
27236596	1371	1374	MAM	T040	C0026649
27236596	1395	1402	30 days	T079	C0439228
27236596	1406	1415	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27236596	1430	1432	T1	T079	C1254367
27236596	1434	1442	vertical	T082	C0205128
27236596	1443	1453	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27236596	1454	1462	movement	T040	C0026649
27236596	1463	1469	during	T079	C0347984
27236596	1470	1481	mastication	T042	C0024888
27236596	1486	1506	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27236596	1514	1523	ESG group	UnknownType	C0681860
27236596	1551	1559	EG group	UnknownType	C0681860
27236596	1581	1595	No significant	T033	C1273937
27236596	1596	1607	differences	T080	C1705242
27236596	1613	1618	found	T033	C0150312
27236596	1631	1636	women	T098	C0043210
27236596	1641	1649	received	T080	C1514756
27236596	1650	1659	treatment	T061	C0087111
27236596	1665	1676	educational	T185	C0013622
27236596	1681	1700	self-care therapies	T061	C0567459
27236596	1705	1712	60 days	T079	C0439228
27236596	1721	1726	women	T098	C0043210
27236596	1731	1739	received	T080	C1514756
27236596	1745	1754	treatment	T061	C0087111
27236596	1759	1766	30 days	T079	C0439228
27236596	1775	1785	short-term	T079	C0443303
27236596	1787	1796	education	T185	C0013622
27236596	1801	1820	self-care treatment	T061	C0567459
27236596	1821	1831	positively	T033	C1446409
27236596	1832	1842	influenced	T077	C4054723
27236596	1847	1857	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27236596	1858	1866	movement	T040	C0026649
27236596	1867	1874	pattern	T170	C0282574
27236596	1878	1883	women	T098	C0043210
27236596	1889	1904	chronic painful	T184	C0150055
27236596	1905	1909	TMDs	T047	C0039494

27236780|t|Histopathology of the filum terminale in children with and without tethered cord syndrome with attention to the elastic tissue within the filum
27236780|a|To compare histologically transected fila from pediatric patients with tethered cord syndrome (TCS), with and without a low conus, with controls, focusing on collagenous and elastic tissue. Thirty fila from patients with TCS, including 5 where minimal cautery was used prior to filum section, were compared with fila from 27 pediatric cadavers without TCS (controls). Sections of fila were stained with H&E, Masson trichrome and Verhoeff von Gieson elastic stains, and 7 with Gordon and Sweet's reticulin stain. Fila from controls showed loose fibrous connective tissue (FCT) with thin and evenly dispersed elastic fibers (EFs). Reticulin fibers (RFs) were seen in blood vessel walls and nerve twigs. Fat was identified microscopically in 2 fila. All fila from patients with TCS had dense FCT. The EFs were in normal numbers in 17, and focally or diffusely decreased in 13. All 25 patients where the fila were cauterized during resection had thick and coiled EFs. Coiling was not seen when minimal cautery was applied. RFs were seen in blood vessel walls and nerve twigs. Fat was identified in 19 patients. Findings were similar, whether the conus termination was normal or low. The fila of all patients with TCS, whether or not the conus was low, showed abnormal FCT. EFs were decreased in 48 % of patients; however, there were thick and coiled EFs in all patients. Coiling of EFs, initially thought to be an abnormality in patients, is considered most likely to be a result of cautery (i.e., artifactual / iatrogenic coiling).
27236780	0	14	Histopathology	T091	C0677043
27236780	22	37	filum terminale	T023	C0016109
27236780	41	49	children	T100	C0008059
27236780	59	66	without	T080	C0332288
27236780	67	89	tethered cord syndrome	T047	C0080218
27236780	112	126	elastic tissue	T024	C0013762
27236780	138	143	filum	T023	C0016109
27236780	147	154	compare	T052	C1707455
27236780	155	169	histologically	T169	C0205462
27236780	170	180	transected	T169	C0332847
27236780	181	185	fila	T023	C0016109
27236780	191	200	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27236780	201	209	patients	T101	C0030705
27236780	215	237	tethered cord syndrome	T047	C0080218
27236780	239	242	TCS	T047	C0080218
27236780	254	261	without	T080	C0332288
27236780	264	267	low	T029	C1548802
27236780	268	273	conus	T023	C0149601
27236780	302	313	collagenous	T024	C0225333
27236780	318	332	elastic tissue	T024	C0013762
27236780	341	345	fila	T023	C0016109
27236780	351	359	patients	T101	C0030705
27236780	365	368	TCS	T047	C0080218
27236780	388	395	minimal	T080	C0547040
27236780	396	403	cautery	T061	C0007471
27236780	422	427	filum	T023	C0016109
27236780	428	435	section	T059	C0700320
27236780	442	450	compared	T052	C1707455
27236780	456	460	fila	T023	C0016109
27236780	469	478	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27236780	479	487	cadavers	T017	C0006629
27236780	488	495	without	T080	C0332288
27236780	496	499	TCS	T047	C0080218
27236780	501	509	controls	T096	C0009932
27236780	512	520	Sections	T167	C1522472
27236780	524	528	fila	T023	C0016109
27236780	534	541	stained	T059	C0487602
27236780	547	550	H&E	T059	C0523207
27236780	552	568	Masson trichrome	T059	C1294297
27236780	573	607	Verhoeff von Gieson elastic stains	T059	C1294321
27236780	620	654	Gordon and Sweet's reticulin stain	T059	C1293950
27236780	656	660	Fila	T023	C0016109
27236780	666	674	controls	T096	C0009932
27236780	682	687	loose	T080	C0205407
27236780	688	713	fibrous connective tissue	T024	C1184823
27236780	715	718	FCT	T024	C1184823
27236780	725	729	thin	T080	C0205168
27236780	734	750	evenly dispersed	T169	C1704711
27236780	751	765	elastic fibers	T024	C0230899
27236780	767	770	EFs	T024	C0230899
27236780	773	789	Reticulin fibers	T116,T123	C0035285
27236780	791	794	RFs	T116,T123	C0035285
27236780	809	827	blood vessel walls	T023	C1180033
27236780	832	837	nerve	T024	C0027740
27236780	845	848	Fat	T109,T121	C0015677
27236780	853	863	identified	T080	C0205396
27236780	864	879	microscopically	T080	C0205288
27236780	885	889	fila	T023	C0016109
27236780	895	899	fila	T023	C0016109
27236780	905	913	patients	T101	C0030705
27236780	919	922	TCS	T047	C0080218
27236780	927	936	dense FCT	T024	C0225333
27236780	942	945	EFs	T024	C0230899
27236780	954	960	normal	T080	C0205307
27236780	980	987	focally	T082	C0205234
27236780	991	1000	diffusely	T080	C0332261
27236780	1001	1010	decreased	T081	C0205216
27236780	1025	1033	patients	T101	C0030705
27236780	1044	1048	fila	T023	C0016109
27236780	1054	1064	cauterized	T061	C0007471
27236780	1072	1081	resection	T061	C0728940
27236780	1086	1091	thick	T080	C1280412
27236780	1096	1102	coiled	T082	C1880179
27236780	1103	1106	EFs	T024	C0230899
27236780	1108	1115	Coiling	T082	C0444764
27236780	1134	1141	minimal	T080	C0547040
27236780	1142	1149	cautery	T061	C0007471
27236780	1163	1166	RFs	T116,T123	C0035285
27236780	1180	1198	blood vessel walls	T023	C1180033
27236780	1216	1219	Fat	T109,T121	C0015677
27236780	1224	1234	identified	T080	C0205396
27236780	1241	1249	patients	T101	C0030705
27236780	1251	1259	Findings	T033	C0243095
27236780	1265	1272	similar	T080	C2348205
27236780	1286	1291	conus	T023	C0149601
27236780	1308	1314	normal	T080	C0205307
27236780	1318	1321	low	T082	C0441994
27236780	1327	1331	fila	T023	C0016109
27236780	1339	1347	patients	T101	C0030705
27236780	1353	1356	TCS	T047	C0080218
27236780	1377	1382	conus	T023	C0149601
27236780	1387	1390	low	T082	C0441994
27236780	1399	1407	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27236780	1408	1411	FCT	T024	C1184823
27236780	1413	1416	EFs	T024	C0230899
27236780	1422	1431	decreased	T081	C0205216
27236780	1443	1451	patients	T101	C0030705
27236780	1473	1478	thick	T080	C1280412
27236780	1483	1489	coiled	T082	C1880179
27236780	1490	1493	EFs	T024	C0230899
27236780	1501	1509	patients	T101	C0030705
27236780	1511	1518	Coiling	T082	C0444764
27236780	1522	1525	EFs	T024	C0230899
27236780	1554	1565	abnormality	T033	C1704258
27236780	1569	1577	patients	T101	C0030705
27236780	1613	1619	result	T033	C0808233
27236780	1623	1630	cautery	T061	C0007471
27236780	1638	1649	artifactual	T068	C0085089
27236780	1652	1662	iatrogenic	T080	C0439669
27236780	1663	1670	coiling	T082	C0444764

27237301|t|Clinical value of pathologic examination of non-neoplastic kidney in patients with upper urinary tract malignancies
27237301|a|While surgical resection remains the standard of care in the treatment of upper urinary tract malignancies, nephrectomy is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to determine whether histologic evaluation of non-neoplastic kidney could enable early identification of unrecognized kidney disease and could be of prognostic value in predicting postoperative renal outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients with upper urinary tract malignancies who received uninephrectomy or uninephroureterectomy. A thorough pathologic evaluation of non-neoplastic kidney including special stains, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopic studies was performed. The degree of parenchymal changes was graded from 0 to 15. Of 51 patients, only 13 showed normal kidney pathology. Fifteen patients showed glomerular abnormalities, 14 showed diabetic nephropathy, and 11 showed vascular nephropathy. There was one case each of reflux nephropathy and chronic pyelonephritis. The median histologic score was 5 points. Only 25.4% of patients had ≤ 3 points. Score more than 5 was observed in 47.1% of patients. Postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 3 to 36 months were obtained from 90.2% of patients, and of those, 34.8% had de novo CKD. Since no one had CKD in partial nephrectomized patients, we determined risk factors for CKD in radical nephrectomized patients. Cox regression analysis revealed that postoperative AKI, preoperative eGFR, and histologic score of non-neoplastic kidney were the independent predictors for CKD. We conclude that routine pathologic evaluation of non-neoplastic kidney provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information.
27237301	0	14	Clinical value	T033	C2826293
27237301	18	40	pathologic examination	T060	C4086729
27237301	44	65	non-neoplastic kidney	T023	C0022646
27237301	69	77	patients	T101	C0030705
27237301	83	102	upper urinary tract	T022	C1278977
27237301	103	115	malignancies	T191	C4282132
27237301	122	140	surgical resection	T061	C0728940
27237301	165	169	care	T052	C1947933
27237301	177	186	treatment	T061	C0087111
27237301	190	209	upper urinary tract	T022	C1278977
27237301	210	222	malignancies	T191	C4282132
27237301	224	235	nephrectomy	T061	C0027695
27237301	241	252	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27237301	261	272	development	T169	C1527148
27237301	276	298	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
27237301	300	303	CKD	T047	C1561643
27237301	322	327	study	T062	C2603343
27237301	353	363	histologic	T169	C0205462
27237301	364	374	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27237301	378	399	non-neoplastic kidney	T023	C0022646
27237301	413	433	early identification	T061	C0814435
27237301	450	464	kidney disease	T047	C0022658
27237301	481	491	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27237301	512	525	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27237301	526	531	renal	T023	C0022646
27237301	532	540	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27237301	545	569	retrospectively analyzed	T062	C0035363
27237301	573	581	patients	T101	C0030705
27237301	587	606	upper urinary tract	T022	C1278977
27237301	607	619	malignancies	T191	C4282132
27237301	633	647	uninephrectomy	T061	C0027695
27237301	651	672	uninephroureterectomy	T061	C0027732
27237301	685	695	pathologic	T169	C1521733
27237301	696	706	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27237301	710	731	non-neoplastic kidney	T023	C0022646
27237301	742	756	special stains	T061	C2038188
27237301	758	776	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
27237301	782	810	electron microscopic studies	T059	C0026019
27237301	830	836	degree	T081	C0449286
27237301	840	851	parenchymal	T023	C0933845
27237301	852	859	changes	T169	C0392747
27237301	891	899	patients	T101	C0030705
27237301	923	929	kidney	T023	C0022646
27237301	930	939	pathology	T091	C0030664
27237301	949	957	patients	T101	C0030705
27237301	965	989	glomerular abnormalities	T047	C1398788
27237301	1001	1021	diabetic nephropathy	T047	C0011881
27237301	1037	1045	vascular	T023	C0005847
27237301	1046	1057	nephropathy	T061	C0027695
27237301	1086	1104	reflux nephropathy	T047	C3495566
27237301	1109	1131	chronic pyelonephritis	T047	C0085697
27237301	1144	1160	histologic score	T081	C0449820
27237301	1189	1197	patients	T101	C0030705
27237301	1214	1219	Score	T081	C0449820
27237301	1257	1265	patients	T101	C0030705
27237301	1267	1280	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
27237301	1281	1317	estimated glomerular filtration rate	T059	C3811844
27237301	1319	1323	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27237301	1336	1342	months	T079	C0439231
27237301	1371	1379	patients	T101	C0030705
27237301	1413	1416	CKD	T047	C1561643
27237301	1435	1438	CKD	T047	C1561643
27237301	1450	1473	nephrectomized patients	T101	C0030705
27237301	1489	1501	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27237301	1506	1509	CKD	T047	C1561643
27237301	1521	1544	nephrectomized patients	T101	C0030705
27237301	1546	1569	Cox regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27237301	1584	1597	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27237301	1598	1601	AKI	T037	C2609414
27237301	1603	1615	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27237301	1616	1620	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27237301	1626	1636	histologic	T169	C0205462
27237301	1646	1667	non-neoplastic kidney	T023	C0022646
27237301	1689	1699	predictors	T078	C2698872
27237301	1704	1707	CKD	T047	C1561643
27237301	1734	1744	pathologic	T169	C1521733
27237301	1745	1755	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27237301	1759	1780	non-neoplastic kidney	T023	C0022646
27237301	1799	1809	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27237301	1814	1824	prognostic	T170	C0220901

27237609|t|Prospective study of dietary Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity on the risk of hip fracture in the elderly
27237609|a|Dietary antioxidants may play an important role in the prevention of bone loss and associated fractures by reducing levels of oxidative stress. We prospectively investigated the association between dietary Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) and the risk of hip fracture and whether this effect was modified by smoking. In the Swedish National March Cohort 13,409 men and women over the age of 55 who had not experienced cancer, cardiovascular disease or hip fracture, were followed through record-linkages from 1997 through 2010. NEAC was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire collected at baseline. We categorized the distribution of NEAC into sex - specific quartiles and used multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). During a mean follow-up time of 12.4years, we identified 491 incident cases of first hip fracture. Subjects in the highest quartile of dietary NEAC had a 39% lower risk of incident hip fracture compared to those in the lowest quartile (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.44-0.85). The association was non-linear (p for non-linearity: 0.004) with a potential threshold between the first and the second quartile and no further risk reduction at higher levels of dietary NEAC. Due to a low smoking prevalence in our study population, we had limited power to detect effect modification between dietary NEAC and smoking on a multiplicative or additive scale. Higher dietary NEAC intake is associated with lower risk of hip fracture in the elderly.
27237609	21	28	dietary	T168	C0012155
27237609	29	63	Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity	T059	C4049177
27237609	71	75	risk	T078	C0035647
27237609	79	91	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27237609	99	106	elderly	T098	C0001792
27237609	107	127	Dietary antioxidants	T168	C0729311
27237609	176	185	bone loss	T047	C0029453
27237609	201	210	fractures	T037	C0016658
27237609	233	249	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27237609	305	312	dietary	T168	C0012155
27237609	313	347	Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity	T059	C4049177
27237609	349	353	NEAC	T059	C4049177
27237609	363	367	risk	T078	C0035647
27237609	371	383	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27237609	424	431	smoking	T055	C0037369
27237609	440	469	Swedish National March Cohort	T098	C0599755
27237609	477	480	men	T098	C0025266
27237609	485	490	women	T098	C0043210
27237609	534	540	cancer	T191	C0006826
27237609	542	564	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27237609	568	580	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27237609	604	619	record-linkages	T062,T078	C0025101
27237609	644	648	NEAC	T059	C4049177
27237609	677	705	food frequency questionnaire	T170	C2986698
27237609	719	727	baseline	T081	C1442488
27237609	764	768	NEAC	T059	C4049177
27237609	774	777	sex	T032	C0079399
27237609	780	788	specific	T080	C0205369
27237609	789	798	quartiles	T080	C2828255
27237609	808	873	multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models	T081,T170	C0033489
27237609	886	899	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27237609	901	904	HRs	T081	C2985465
27237609	915	935	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27237609	941	943	CI	T081	C0009667
27237609	960	969	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27237609	970	974	time	T079	C0040223
27237609	1031	1043	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27237609	1069	1077	quartile	T080	C2828255
27237609	1081	1088	dietary	T168	C0012155
27237609	1089	1093	NEAC	T059	C4049177
27237609	1104	1114	lower risk	T033	C3843763
27237609	1127	1139	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27237609	1172	1180	quartile	T080	C2828255
27237609	1182	1184	HR	T081	C2985465
27237609	1196	1198	CI	T081	C0009667
27237609	1332	1340	quartile	T080	C2828255
27237609	1356	1370	risk reduction	T055	C1137094
27237609	1391	1398	dietary	T168	C0012155
27237609	1399	1403	NEAC	T059	C4049177
27237609	1521	1528	dietary	T168	C0012155
27237609	1529	1533	NEAC	T059	C4049177
27237609	1538	1545	smoking	T055	C0037369
27237609	1551	1565	multiplicative	T081	C2911648
27237609	1569	1583	additive scale	T081	C0392762
27237609	1600	1604	NEAC	T059	C4049177
27237609	1637	1641	risk	T078	C0035647
27237609	1645	1657	hip fracture	T037	C0019557

27237979|t|MiR-211 is epigenetically regulated by DNMT1 mediated methylation and inhibits EMT of melanoma cells by targeting RAB22A
27237979|a|MiR-211 has strong inhibitive effects on melanoma cell growth, invasion and metastasis. However, how it is downregulated and whether other genes are involved its downstream regulation in melanoma are not clear. In this study, we firstly verified the expression of miR-211 in melanoma cell lines and observed that its downregulation is associated with increased DNMT1 expression. By performing qRT-PCR and MSP analysis, we confirmed that DNMT1 is negatively correlated with miR-211 expression and can modulate DNA methylation in the promoter region of miR-211. By performing bioinformatics analysis, we found that RAB22A is a possible target of miR-211, which has two broadly conversed binding sites with miR-211 in the 3'UTR. Following dual luciferase assay, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis confirmed the direct binding between miR-211 and RAB22A and the suppressive effect of miR-211 on RAB22A expression. Knockdown of RAB22A increased epithelial properties and impaired mesenchymal properties of the melanoma cells, suggesting that miR-211 modulates epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of melanoma cells via downregulating RAB22A. In summary, the present study firstly demonstrated that DNMT1 mediated promoter methylation is a mechanism of miRNA suppression in melanoma and revealed a new tumor suppressor role of the miR-211 by targeting RAB22A in melanoma. The DNMT1 / miR-211 / RAB22A axis provides a novel insight into the pathogenesis of melanoma, particularly in the EMT process.
27237979	0	7	MiR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	11	35	epigenetically regulated	T043	C1160454
27237979	39	44	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27237979	54	65	methylation	T044	C0025723
27237979	70	78	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27237979	79	82	EMT	T043	C1523298
27237979	86	100	melanoma cells	T025	C1513095
27237979	104	113	targeting	T063	C0242613
27237979	114	120	RAB22A	T028	C1419193
27237979	121	128	MiR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	140	150	inhibitive	T052	C3463820
27237979	162	170	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27237979	171	182	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27237979	184	192	invasion	T046	C2699153
27237979	197	207	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27237979	228	241	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27237979	260	265	genes	T028	C0017337
27237979	283	293	downstream	T082	C0522506
27237979	294	304	regulation	T044	C0013081
27237979	308	316	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27237979	371	381	expression	T045	C0017262
27237979	385	392	miR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	396	415	melanoma cell lines	T025	C1513095
27237979	438	452	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27237979	456	471	associated with	T080	C0332281
27237979	482	487	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27237979	488	498	expression	T045	C0017262
27237979	514	521	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
27237979	526	538	MSP analysis	T062	C0026031
27237979	558	563	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27237979	567	577	negatively	T033	C1513916
27237979	578	588	correlated	T080	C1707520
27237979	594	601	miR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	602	612	expression	T045	C0017262
27237979	621	629	modulate	T082	C0443264
27237979	630	645	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27237979	653	668	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27237979	672	679	miR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	695	718	bioinformatics analysis	T091	C1140694
27237979	734	740	RAB22A	T028	C1419193
27237979	755	761	target	T169	C1521840
27237979	765	772	miR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	796	805	conversed	T086	C0009802
27237979	806	819	binding sites	T192	C0005456
27237979	825	832	miR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	840	845	3'UTR	T086,T123	C0600600
27237979	862	872	luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C0024075
27237979	873	878	assay	T059	C0005507
27237979	880	887	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
27237979	892	913	western blot analysis	T059	C0949466
27237979	935	942	binding	T044	C1167622
27237979	951	958	miR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	963	969	RAB22A	T028	C1419193
27237979	978	996	suppressive effect	T045	C0038855
27237979	1000	1007	miR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	1011	1017	RAB22A	T028	C1419193
27237979	1018	1028	expression	T045	C0017262
27237979	1030	1039	Knockdown	T063	C2350567
27237979	1043	1049	RAB22A	T028	C1419193
27237979	1060	1070	epithelial	T080	C0221908
27237979	1086	1094	impaired	T169	C0221099
27237979	1095	1106	mesenchymal	T080	C1513143
27237979	1125	1139	melanoma cells	T025	C1513095
27237979	1157	1164	miR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	1165	1174	modulates	T082	C0443264
27237979	1175	1208	epithelial mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27237979	1210	1213	EMT	T043	C1523298
27237979	1218	1232	melanoma cells	T025	C1513095
27237979	1237	1251	downregulating	T044	C0013081
27237979	1252	1258	RAB22A	T028	C1419193
27237979	1316	1321	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27237979	1331	1339	promoter	T114,T123	C0033413
27237979	1340	1351	methylation	T044	C0025723
27237979	1357	1366	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27237979	1370	1375	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27237979	1376	1387	suppression	T045	C0038855
27237979	1391	1399	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27237979	1419	1435	tumor suppressor	T028	C0079427
27237979	1448	1455	miR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	1459	1468	targeting	T063	C0242613
27237979	1469	1475	RAB22A	T028	C1419193
27237979	1479	1487	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27237979	1493	1498	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27237979	1501	1508	miR-211	T028	C1537847
27237979	1511	1517	RAB22A	T028	C1419193
27237979	1557	1569	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27237979	1573	1581	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27237979	1603	1614	EMT process	T043	C1523298

27239027|t|Concordant but Varied Phenotypes among Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Patient -Specific Myoblasts Derived using a Human iPSC -Based Model
27239027|a|Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) remains an intractable genetic disease. Althogh there are several animal models of DMD, there is no human cell model that carries patient -specific DYSTROPHIN mutations. Here, we present a human DMD model using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Our model reveals concordant disease - related phenotypes with patient - dependent variation, which are partially reversed by genetic and pharmacological approaches. Our " chemical-compound -based" strategy successfully directs hiPSCs into expandable myoblasts, which exhibit a myogenic transcriptional program, forming striated contractile myofibers and participating in muscle regeneration in vivo. DMD - hiPSC -derived myoblasts show disease - related phenotypes with patient -to- patient variability, including aberrant expression of inflammation or immune-response genes and collagens, increased BMP / TGFβ signaling, and reduced fusion competence. Furthermore, by genetic correction and pharmacological "dual- SMAD " inhibition, the DMD - hiPSC -derived myoblasts and genetically corrected isogenic myoblasts form "rescued" multi - nucleated myotubes. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a human " DMD -in-a-dish" model using hiPSC -based disease modeling.
27239027	22	32	Phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27239027	39	66	Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	T047	C0013264
27239027	67	74	Patient	T101	C0030705
27239027	85	94	Myoblasts	T025	C0596995
27239027	111	116	Human	T016	C0086418
27239027	117	121	iPSC	T025	C2717959
27239027	129	134	Model	T050	C0684309
27239027	135	162	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	T047	C0013264
27239027	164	167	DMD	T047	C0013264
27239027	192	207	genetic disease	T047	C0019247
27239027	235	248	animal models	T050	C0012644
27239027	252	255	DMD	T047	C0013264
27239027	269	279	human cell	T025	C0682523
27239027	299	306	patient	T101	C0030705
27239027	317	327	DYSTROPHIN	T028	C1414083
27239027	328	337	mutations	T045	C0596611
27239027	358	363	human	T016	C0086418
27239027	364	367	DMD	T047	C0013264
27239027	368	373	model	T050	C0684309
27239027	380	416	human induced pluripotent stem cells	T025	C3658289
27239027	418	424	hiPSCs	T025	C3658289
27239027	456	463	disease	T047	C0012634
27239027	466	473	related	T169	C1552599
27239027	474	484	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27239027	490	497	patient	T101	C0030705
27239027	500	509	dependent	T080	C0851827
27239027	510	519	variation	T080	C0205419
27239027	553	560	genetic	T169	C0314603
27239027	565	580	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27239027	599	616	chemical-compound	T103	C0220806
27239027	625	633	strategy	T062	C0035171
27239027	655	661	hiPSCs	T025	C3658289
27239027	678	687	myoblasts	T025	C0596995
27239027	705	729	myogenic transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27239027	730	737	program	T169	C3484370
27239027	747	755	striated	T080	C0205364
27239027	756	767	contractile	T026	C1752744
27239027	768	777	myofibers	T026	C3179197
27239027	799	818	muscle regeneration	T033	C1850849
27239027	819	826	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27239027	828	831	DMD	T047	C0013264
27239027	834	839	hiPSC	T025	C3658289
27239027	849	858	myoblasts	T025	C0596995
27239027	864	871	disease	T047	C0012634
27239027	874	881	related	T169	C1552599
27239027	882	892	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27239027	898	905	patient	T101	C0030705
27239027	911	918	patient	T101	C0030705
27239027	919	930	variability	T077	C2827666
27239027	942	950	aberrant	T080	C0443127
27239027	965	977	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27239027	981	1002	immune-response genes	T028	C0086344
27239027	1007	1016	collagens	T116	C0009325
27239027	1028	1031	BMP	T044	C1155364
27239027	1034	1048	TGFβ signaling	T044	C1155363
27239027	1097	1104	genetic	T169	C0314603
27239027	1105	1115	correction	T169	C1947976
27239027	1120	1135	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27239027	1143	1147	SMAD	T116,T123	C1571580
27239027	1150	1160	inhibition	T043	C1519312
27239027	1166	1169	DMD	T047	C0013264
27239027	1172	1177	hiPSC	T025	C3658289
27239027	1187	1196	myoblasts	T025	C0596995
27239027	1201	1212	genetically	T169	C0314603
27239027	1223	1231	isogenic	T080	C2348628
27239027	1232	1241	myoblasts	T025	C0596995
27239027	1257	1262	multi	T081	C0439064
27239027	1265	1274	nucleated	T080	C1979936
27239027	1275	1283	myotubes	T025	C0242697
27239027	1359	1364	human	T016	C0086418
27239027	1367	1370	DMD	T047	C0013264
27239027	1383	1388	model	T050	C0684309
27239027	1395	1400	hiPSC	T025	C3658289
27239027	1408	1424	disease modeling	T050	C0684309

27239445|t|SNAI1 promotes the development of HCC through the enhancement of proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis
27239445|a|SNAI1, a zinc-finger transcription factor, plays an important role in the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in various cancers. However, the possible functions of SNAI1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma have not been clearly identified. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of SNAI1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma using clinical samples and cell lines. We found that SNAI1 is highly expressed in the tissues of liver cancer compared with adjacent nontumor tissues. SNAI1 is also highly expressed in the hepatoma cell lines HepG2, SMMC-7721, and BEL-7402 compared with the human normal liver cell line L02. We also observed that SNAI1 expression was correlated with distal metastasis, incomplete tumor capsule formation, and histological differentiation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, we demonstrated that knockdown of SNAI1 via lentiviral vectors of RNAi against SNAI inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1 arrest, which was accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin D1 but not that of cyclin A. In addition, knockdown of SNAI1 promoted apoptosis by decreasing the expression of Bcl-2. In conclusion, our findings revealed that SNAI1 is involved in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating the growth and apoptosis of tumor cells.
27239445	0	5	SNAI1	T116,T123	C4308198
27239445	6	14	promotes	T052	C0033414
27239445	19	30	development	T169	C1527148
27239445	34	37	HCC	T191	C2239176
27239445	50	61	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27239445	65	78	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27239445	83	106	inhibition of apoptosis	T043	C1512772
27239445	107	112	SNAI1	T116,T123	C4308198
27239445	116	148	zinc-finger transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27239445	181	190	induction	T169	C0205263
27239445	194	227	epithelial-mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27239445	229	232	EMT	T043	C1523298
27239445	245	252	cancers	T191	C0006826
27239445	289	294	SNAI1	T116,T123	C4308198
27239445	302	315	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27239445	320	329	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27239445	333	357	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27239445	400	405	study	T062	C2603343
27239445	427	434	effects	T080	C1280500
27239445	439	449	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27239445	453	458	SNAI1	T116,T123	C4308198
27239445	466	479	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27239445	484	493	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27239445	497	521	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27239445	528	536	clinical	T080	C0205210
27239445	537	544	samples	T167	C0370003
27239445	549	559	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27239445	575	580	SNAI1	T116,T123	C4308198
27239445	591	600	expressed	T045	C1171362
27239445	608	615	tissues	T024	C0040300
27239445	619	631	liver cancer	T191	C2239176
27239445	655	671	nontumor tissues	T024	C0040300
27239445	673	678	SNAI1	T116,T123	C4308198
27239445	694	703	expressed	T045	C1171362
27239445	711	736	hepatoma cell lines HepG2	T025	C2717940
27239445	738	747	SMMC-7721	T025	C0085983
27239445	753	761	BEL-7402	T025	C0085983
27239445	780	812	human normal liver cell line L02	T025	C0682523
27239445	836	841	SNAI1	T116,T123	C4308198
27239445	842	852	expression	T045	C1171362
27239445	873	890	distal metastasis	T046	C4255448
27239445	903	926	tumor capsule formation	T191	C0027671
27239445	932	960	histological differentiation	T201	C1511938
27239445	964	988	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27239445	990	993	HCC	T191	C2239176
27239445	1027	1036	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27239445	1040	1045	SNAI1	T028	C1420267
27239445	1050	1060	lentiviral	T005	C0079679
27239445	1061	1068	vectors	T121	C1520007
27239445	1072	1076	RNAi	T045	C1136031
27239445	1085	1089	SNAI	T116,T123	C4308198
27239445	1100	1118	cell proliferation	T169	C1514485
27239445	1131	1140	G1 arrest	T043	C3178834
27239445	1171	1185	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27239445	1189	1198	cyclin D1	T116,T123	C0174680
27239445	1215	1223	cyclin A	T116,T123	C0079184
27239445	1238	1247	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27239445	1251	1256	SNAI1	T028	C1420267
27239445	1257	1265	promoted	T052	C0033414
27239445	1266	1275	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27239445	1294	1304	expression	T045	C1171362
27239445	1308	1313	Bcl-2	T116	C4042483
27239445	1357	1362	SNAI1	T116,T123	C4308198
27239445	1382	1393	development	T169	C1527148
27239445	1397	1421	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27239445	1426	1447	regulating the growth	T040	C1160191
27239445	1452	1461	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27239445	1465	1476	tumor cells	T025	C0597032

27239541|t|Function and clinical meaningfulness of treatments for mild Alzheimer's disease
27239541|a|Effectiveness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatments is commonly evaluated with coprimary outcomes; cognition with function to ensure clinical meaningfulness of a cognitive effect. We reviewed the literature for functional outcomes in mild AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients (distinct from combined mild-moderate / severe AD) treated with approved AD drugs. Cognitive and functional treatment differences in mild AD patients in solanezumab EXPEDITION / EXPEDITION2 studies were compared across time. Seven publications provided MCI / mild AD functional outcomes, one of which reported a significant functional treatment effect. Secondary analyses of EXPEDITION studies suggested a smaller functional effect of solanezumab relative to cognition. An increasing effect of solanezumab over 18 months was shown for cognition and function. Function as the sole measure to demonstrate clinical meaningfulness of cognitive effects in mild AD may have limitations. For disease - modifying treatments, point differences on cognitive and functional scales should be qualified with duration of treatment.
27239541	0	8	Function	T041	C0563143
27239541	13	21	clinical	T080	C0205210
27239541	22	36	meaningfulness	T080	C1280519
27239541	40	50	treatments	T061	C0087111
27239541	55	59	mild	T080	C2945599
27239541	60	79	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27239541	80	93	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27239541	97	116	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27239541	118	120	AD	T047	C0002395
27239541	122	132	treatments	T061	C0087111
27239541	160	178	coprimary outcomes	T169	C1274040
27239541	180	189	cognition	T041	C0009240
27239541	195	203	function	T041	C0563143
27239541	214	222	clinical	T080	C0205210
27239541	223	237	meaningfulness	T080	C1280519
27239541	243	252	cognitive	T041	C0009240
27239541	253	259	effect	T080	C1280500
27239541	264	272	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27239541	277	287	literature	T170	C0023866
27239541	292	302	functional	T041	C0563143
27239541	303	311	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27239541	315	319	mild	T080	C2945599
27239541	320	322	AD	T047	C0002395
27239541	326	351	mild cognitive impairment	T048	C1270972
27239541	353	356	MCI	T048	C1270972
27239541	358	366	patients	T101	C0030705
27239541	391	404	mild-moderate	T080	C1299392
27239541	407	413	severe	T080	C0205082
27239541	414	416	AD	T047	C0002395
27239541	418	430	treated with	T061	C0332293
27239541	440	442	AD	T047	C0002395
27239541	443	448	drugs	T121	C0013227
27239541	450	459	Cognitive	T061	C0009244
27239541	464	474	functional	T041	C0563143
27239541	475	484	treatment	T061	C0087111
27239541	500	504	mild	T080	C2945599
27239541	505	507	AD	T047	C0002395
27239541	508	516	patients	T101	C0030705
27239541	520	531	solanezumab	T116,T121,T129	C2935150
27239541	532	542	EXPEDITION	T052	C0015315
27239541	545	556	EXPEDITION2	T052	C0015315
27239541	557	564	studies	T062	C2603343
27239541	570	578	compared	T052	C1707455
27239541	586	590	time	T079	C0040223
27239541	598	610	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
27239541	620	623	MCI	T048	C1270972
27239541	626	630	mild	T080	C2945599
27239541	631	633	AD	T047	C0002395
27239541	634	644	functional	T041	C0563143
27239541	645	653	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27239541	691	701	functional	T041	C0563143
27239541	702	718	treatment effect	T033	C1518681
27239541	720	738	Secondary analyses	UnknownType	C0683944
27239541	742	752	EXPEDITION	T052	C0015315
27239541	753	760	studies	T062	C2603343
27239541	781	791	functional	T041	C0563143
27239541	792	798	effect	T080	C1280500
27239541	802	813	solanezumab	T116,T121,T129	C2935150
27239541	826	835	cognition	T041	C0009240
27239541	840	850	increasing	T169	C0442808
27239541	851	857	effect	T080	C1280500
27239541	861	872	solanezumab	T116,T121,T129	C2935150
27239541	881	887	months	T079	C0439231
27239541	902	911	cognition	T041	C0009240
27239541	916	924	function	T041	C0563143
27239541	926	934	Function	T041	C0563143
27239541	947	954	measure	T081	C0079809
27239541	970	978	clinical	T080	C0205210
27239541	979	993	meaningfulness	T080	C1280519
27239541	997	1006	cognitive	T041	C0009240
27239541	1007	1014	effects	T080	C1280500
27239541	1018	1022	mild	T080	C2945599
27239541	1023	1025	AD	T047	C0002395
27239541	1035	1046	limitations	T169	C0449295
27239541	1052	1059	disease	T047	C0012634
27239541	1062	1071	modifying	T169	C0392747
27239541	1072	1082	treatments	T061	C0087111
27239541	1105	1114	cognitive	T041	C0009240
27239541	1119	1129	functional	T041	C0563143
27239541	1130	1136	scales	T170	C0349674
27239541	1162	1183	duration of treatment	T079	C0444921

27239953|t|Body mass index and suicide methods
27239953|a|Overweight and obesity is associated with lower rates of suicide. However, little is known about the association with different suicide methods. We studied the association between groups of body mass index and suicide methods. We identified all medicolegal autopsy cases with a cause of death due to external causes in Sweden during 1999-2013 (N = 39,368) and included 11,715 suicides and 13,316 accidents or homicides as controls. We applied multinomial regression models adjusted for age, sex, year and season of death. Obesity was associated with suicidal intoxication, OR 1.15 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02, 1.30] and negatively associated with all other suicide methods studied. Underweight showed a negative association with suicidal drowning and there was an indication towards a negative association with hanging in men OR 0.81 (95% CI 0.65, 1.01). We conclude that body mass index (BMI) is associated with the choice of suicide method. This may be of importance in a public health perspective, e.g. potential for prevention of intoxications. In the practice of forensic medicine, the physician's level of suspicion may rise if the apparent suicidal method is less common for the individual characteristics of the deceased, such as BMI.
27239953	0	15	Body mass index	T201	C1305855
27239953	20	27	suicide	T033	C0038661
27239953	28	35	methods	T169	C0449851
27239953	36	46	Overweight	T184	C0497406
27239953	51	58	obesity	T047	C0028754
27239953	62	77	associated with	T080	C0332281
27239953	78	89	lower rates	T081	C1521828
27239953	93	100	suicide	T033	C0038661
27239953	137	148	association	T080	C0439849
27239953	164	171	suicide	T033	C0038661
27239953	172	179	methods	T169	C0449851
27239953	196	207	association	T080	C0439849
27239953	226	241	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27239953	246	253	suicide	T033	C0038661
27239953	254	261	methods	T169	C0449851
27239953	281	292	medicolegal	T089	C0243119
27239953	293	300	autopsy	T060	C0004398
27239953	301	306	cases	T169	C0868928
27239953	314	328	cause of death	T033	C0007465
27239953	336	351	external causes	T033	C1407879
27239953	355	361	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27239953	396	404	included	T169	C0332257
27239953	412	420	suicides	T033	C0038661
27239953	432	441	accidents	T067	C0000924
27239953	445	454	homicides	T055	C0019872
27239953	458	466	controls	T096	C0009932
27239953	479	490	multinomial	T081	C1709090
27239953	491	508	regression models	T170	C0034980
27239953	522	525	age	T032	C0001779
27239953	527	530	sex	T032	C0079399
27239953	532	536	year	T079	C0439234
27239953	541	547	season	T079	C0036497
27239953	551	556	death	T033	C1306577
27239953	558	565	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27239953	570	585	associated with	T080	C0332281
27239953	586	594	suicidal	T033	C0438696
27239953	595	607	intoxication	T033	C0728899
27239953	609	611	OR	T081	C0028873
27239953	622	641	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27239953	643	645	CI	T081	C0009667
27239953	663	673	negatively	T033	C0205160
27239953	674	689	associated with	T080	C0332281
27239953	700	707	suicide	T033	C0038661
27239953	708	715	methods	T169	C0449851
27239953	725	736	Underweight	T033	C0041667
27239953	746	754	negative	T033	C0205160
27239953	755	766	association	T080	C0439849
27239953	772	780	suicidal	T033	C0438696
27239953	781	789	drowning	T037	C0013142
27239953	807	817	indication	T078	C3146298
27239953	828	836	negative	T033	C0205160
27239953	837	848	association	T080	C0439849
27239953	854	861	hanging	T037	C0544691
27239953	865	868	men	T098	C0025266
27239953	869	871	OR	T081	C0028873
27239953	882	884	CI	T081	C0009667
27239953	901	909	conclude	T078	C1707478
27239953	915	930	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27239953	932	935	BMI	T201	C1305855
27239953	940	955	associated with	T080	C0332281
27239953	970	977	suicide	T033	C0038661
27239953	978	984	method	T169	C0449851
27239953	1017	1042	public health perspective	T058	C0699943
27239953	1049	1058	potential	T080	C3245505
27239953	1063	1073	prevention	T061	C0204732
27239953	1077	1090	intoxications	T033	C0728899
27239953	1111	1128	forensic medicine	T091	C0016557
27239953	1134	1145	physician's	T097	C0031831
27239953	1155	1164	suspicion	T041	C0242114
27239953	1181	1189	apparent	T078	C0750489
27239953	1190	1198	suicidal	T033	C0438696
27239953	1209	1220	less common	T081	C0205214
27239953	1229	1255	individual characteristics	T080	C1521970
27239953	1263	1271	deceased	T040	C0011065
27239953	1281	1284	BMI	T201	C1305855

27240257|t|Quantitative assessment of fluorescent proteins
27240257|a|The advent of fluorescent proteins (FPs) for genetic labeling of molecules and cells has revolutionized fluorescence microscopy. Genetic manipulations have created a vast array of bright and stable FPs spanning blue to red spectral regions. Common to autofluorescent FPs is their tight β-barrel structure, which provides the rigidity and chemical environment needed for effectual fluorescence. Despite the common structure, each FP has unique properties. Thus, there is no single 'best' FP for every circumstance, and each FP has advantages and disadvantages. To guide decisions about which FP is right for a given application, we have quantitatively characterized the brightness, photostability, pH stability and monomeric properties of more than 40 FPs to enable straightforward and direct comparison between them. We focus on popular and/or top-performing FPs in each spectral region.
27240257	0	23	Quantitative assessment	T081	C0034384
27240257	27	47	fluorescent proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	62	82	fluorescent proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	84	87	FPs	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	93	109	genetic labeling	T063	C1513384
27240257	113	122	molecules	T167	C0567416
27240257	127	132	cells	T025	C0007634
27240257	152	175	fluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
27240257	177	198	Genetic manipulations	T063	C0178659
27240257	246	249	FPs	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	259	287	blue to red spectral regions	T082	C1254362
27240257	299	314	autofluorescent	T059	C0544711
27240257	315	318	FPs	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	334	352	β-barrel structure	T087	C0599216
27240257	373	381	rigidity	T080	C0205556
27240257	386	394	chemical	T103	C0220806
27240257	395	406	environment	T082	C0014406
27240257	428	440	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27240257	461	470	structure	T085	C0026383
27240257	477	479	FP	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	491	501	properties	T080	C0871161
27240257	535	537	FP	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	571	573	FP	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	639	641	FP	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	684	698	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
27240257	717	727	brightness	T070	C0678578
27240257	729	743	photostability	T033	C0243095
27240257	745	747	pH	T081	C0020283
27240257	748	757	stability	T080	C0205360
27240257	762	771	monomeric	T104	C0596973
27240257	772	782	properties	T080	C0871161
27240257	799	802	FPs	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	813	828	straightforward	T080	C1272701
27240257	840	850	comparison	T052	C1707455
27240257	907	910	FPs	T116,T123	C0033684
27240257	919	934	spectral region	T082	C1254362

27240437|t|Cognitive impairment in HIV and HCV co-infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
27240437|a|Cognitive impairment has been well documented in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) mono-infections. However, in the context of HIV / HCV co-infection the research is more limited. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the characteristics of cognitive impairment in HIV / HCV co-infection and to examine the differences in cognitive performance between HIV / HCV and HIV and HCV mono-infected patients. Of the 437 records initially screened, 24 papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Four studies were included in the meta-analysis. Most studies indicated that HIV / HCV co-infected patients had a higher level of cognitive impairment than HIV mono-infected patients. Meta-analysis also indicated that HIV mono-infected patients had a significantly lower global deficit score than co-infected patients. The results also indicated that co-infected patients were more likely to be impaired in information processing speed than HIV mono-infected patients. These findings can be challenged by biasing factors such as the small number of included studies, heterogeneity of the samples and a large diversity of methodological procedures. Future research with consistent and comprehensive neuropsychological batteries and covering a greater diversity of risk factors is needed, in order to clarify the effects of both viruses on cognitive function and the mechanisms that underlie these effects. Because cognitive impairments may pose significant challenges to medication adherence, quality of life and overall functioning, such knowledge may have important implications to the planning and implementation of effective interventions aimed at optimising the clinical management of these infections.
27240437	0	20	Cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27240437	24	27	HIV	T005	C0019682
27240437	32	35	HCV	T005	C0220847
27240437	36	47	co-infected	T047	C0275524
27240437	48	56	patients	T101	C0030705
27240437	71	77	review	T170	C0282443
27240437	82	95	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27240437	96	116	Cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27240437	145	173	human immunodeficiency virus	T005	C0019682
27240437	175	178	HIV	T005	C0019682
27240437	184	201	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
27240437	203	206	HCV	T005	C0220847
27240437	208	223	mono-infections	T046	C3714514
27240437	252	255	HIV	T005	C0019682
27240437	258	261	HCV	T005	C0220847
27240437	262	274	co-infection	T047	C0275524
27240437	332	338	review	T170	C0282443
27240437	378	398	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27240437	402	405	HIV	T005	C0019682
27240437	408	411	HCV	T005	C0220847
27240437	412	424	co-infection	T047	C0275524
27240437	432	439	examine	T033	C0332128
27240437	459	480	cognitive performance	T041	C0392335
27240437	489	492	HIV	T005	C0019682
27240437	495	498	HCV	T005	C0220847
27240437	503	506	HIV	T005	C0019682
27240437	511	514	HCV	T005	C0220847
27240437	515	528	mono-infected	T046	C3714514
27240437	529	537	patients	T101	C0030705
27240437	568	576	screened	T058	C0220908
27240437	651	657	review	T170	C0282443
27240437	664	671	studies	T062	C2603343
27240437	693	706	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27240437	713	720	studies	T062	C2603343
27240437	736	739	HIV	T005	C0019682
27240437	742	745	HCV	T005	C0220847
27240437	746	757	co-infected	T047	C0275524
27240437	758	766	patients	T101	C0030705
27240437	789	809	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27240437	815	818	HIV	T005	C0019682
27240437	819	832	mono-infected	T046	C3714514
27240437	833	841	patients	T101	C0030705
27240437	843	856	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27240437	877	880	HIV	T005	C0019682
27240437	881	894	mono-infected	T046	C3714514
27240437	895	903	patients	T101	C0030705
27240437	930	950	global deficit score	T081	C0449820
27240437	956	967	co-infected	T047	C0275524
27240437	968	976	patients	T101	C0030705
27240437	1010	1021	co-infected	T047	C0275524
27240437	1022	1030	patients	T101	C0030705
27240437	1054	1062	impaired	T048	C0338656
27240437	1066	1094	information processing speed	T041	C0870707
27240437	1100	1103	HIV	T005	C0019682
27240437	1104	1117	mono-infected	T046	C3714514
27240437	1118	1126	patients	T101	C0030705
27240437	1134	1142	findings	T033	C0243095
27240437	1217	1224	studies	T062	C2603343
27240437	1226	1239	heterogeneity	T102	C0086833
27240437	1247	1254	samples	T081	C0871429
27240437	1267	1276	diversity	T080	C1880371
27240437	1357	1385	neuropsychological batteries	T170	C0451331
27240437	1409	1418	diversity	T080	C1880371
27240437	1422	1434	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27240437	1486	1493	viruses	T005	C0042776
27240437	1497	1515	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
27240437	1572	1593	cognitive impairments	T048	C0338656
27240437	1615	1625	challenges	T058	C0805586
27240437	1629	1649	medication adherence	T033	C2364172
27240437	1651	1666	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27240437	1671	1690	overall functioning	T169	C0542341
27240437	1746	1754	planning	T058	C0018727
27240437	1759	1773	implementation	T058	C0018726
27240437	1825	1844	clinical management	T058	C1516615
27240437	1854	1864	infections	T046	C3714514

27240560|t|Consumption of fruits and vegetables associated with other risk behaviors among adolescents in Northeast Brazil
27240560|a|To determine the prevalence of consumption of fruits and vegetables and identify the association with low level of physical activity, exposure to sedentary behavior, consumption of soft drinks and overweight / obesity in adolescents. This is a cross-sectional school-based study with a representative sample of 3992 students aged 14-19 years from the state of Sergipe, Brazil. The outcome was low consumption of fruits and vegetables (<5 servings/day). Independent variables were: level of physical activity, sedentary behavior, consumption of soft drinks, and overweight / obesity. Global Student Health Survey questionnaire and body mass and height measurements were used, as well as chi-square test and crude and adjusted binary logistic regression. The significance level adopted was 5%. The prevalence of inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables was high - 88.6% (95% CI =87.6-89.5). Higher likelihood of low consumption of fruits and vegetables was verified among boys who were exposed to sedentary behavior (OR =1.63; 95% CI =1.18-2.24), who consumed soft drinks (OR =3.04; 95% CI =2.10-4.40), with insufficiently physical activity (OR =1.98; 95% CI =1.43-2.73) and girls who consumed soft drinks (OR =1.88; 95% CI =1.43-2.47) and those with overweight / obesity (OR =1.63; 95% CI =1.19-2.23). There is a need of public policies aimed at encouraging the consumption of healthy foods among adolescents.
27240560	0	36	Consumption of fruits and vegetables	T040	C1271941
27240560	37	52	associated with	T080	C0332281
27240560	59	73	risk behaviors	T055	C0086931
27240560	80	91	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27240560	95	111	Northeast Brazil	T083	C0006137
27240560	129	139	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27240560	143	179	consumption of fruits and vegetables	T040	C1271941
27240560	197	213	association with	T080	C0332281
27240560	214	217	low	T080	C0205251
27240560	218	223	level	T080	C0441889
27240560	227	244	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27240560	246	257	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27240560	258	276	sedentary behavior	T033	C3824706
27240560	278	289	consumption	T052	C2983605
27240560	293	304	soft drinks	T168	C3489624
27240560	309	319	overweight	T184	C0497406
27240560	322	329	obesity	T047	C0028754
27240560	333	344	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27240560	356	390	cross-sectional school-based study	T062	C0010362
27240560	413	419	sample	T167	C0370003
27240560	428	436	students	T098	C0038492
27240560	448	453	years	T079	C1510829
27240560	463	479	state of Sergipe	T083	C1301808
27240560	481	487	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27240560	493	500	outcome	T169	C1274040
27240560	505	508	low	T080	C0205251
27240560	509	545	consumption of fruits and vegetables	T040	C1271941
27240560	550	562	servings/day	T079	C0439505
27240560	565	586	Independent variables	T169	C0870693
27240560	593	598	level	T080	C0441889
27240560	602	619	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27240560	621	639	sedentary behavior	T033	C3824706
27240560	641	652	consumption	T052	C2983605
27240560	656	667	soft drinks	T168	C3489624
27240560	673	683	overweight	T184	C0497406
27240560	686	693	obesity	T047	C0028754
27240560	695	737	Global Student Health Survey questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27240560	742	751	body mass	T058	C3698309
27240560	756	762	height	T032	C0005890
27240560	763	775	measurements	T058	C0947289
27240560	798	813	chi-square test	T170	C0008041
27240560	818	863	crude and adjusted binary logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27240560	869	887	significance level	T062	C0814896
27240560	908	918	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27240560	922	932	inadequate	T080	C0205412
27240560	933	969	consumption of fruits and vegetables	T040	C1271941
27240560	974	978	high	T080	C0205250
27240560	992	994	CI	T081	C0009667
27240560	1008	1014	Higher	T080	C0205250
27240560	1029	1032	low	T080	C0205251
27240560	1033	1069	consumption of fruits and vegetables	T040	C1271941
27240560	1089	1093	boys	T100	C0870221
27240560	1103	1113	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27240560	1114	1132	sedentary behavior	T033	C3824706
27240560	1134	1136	OR	T081	C0028873
27240560	1148	1150	CI	T081	C0009667
27240560	1168	1176	consumed	T052	C2983605
27240560	1177	1188	soft drinks	T168	C3489624
27240560	1190	1192	OR	T081	C0028873
27240560	1204	1206	CI	T081	C0009667
27240560	1225	1239	insufficiently	T080	C0231180
27240560	1240	1257	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27240560	1259	1261	OR	T081	C0028873
27240560	1273	1275	CI	T081	C0009667
27240560	1292	1297	girls	T100	C0870604
27240560	1302	1310	consumed	T052	C2983605
27240560	1311	1322	soft drinks	T168	C3489624
27240560	1324	1326	OR	T081	C0028873
27240560	1338	1340	CI	T081	C0009667
27240560	1368	1378	overweight	T184	C0497406
27240560	1381	1388	obesity	T047	C0028754
27240560	1390	1392	OR	T081	C0028873
27240560	1404	1406	CI	T081	C0009667
27240560	1439	1454	public policies	T064	C0034033
27240560	1480	1508	consumption of healthy foods	T052	C2983605
27240560	1515	1526	adolescents	T100	C0205653

27241087|t|Usefulness of Embolization for Iatrogenic Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Associated with Recurrent Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Case Report and Literature Review
27241087|a|Refractory chronic subdural hematomas due to iatrogenic dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) are difficult to treat. We report our experience and propose a guideline on basis of a literature review for the usefulness of embolization of middle meningeal artery (MMA) for the treatment of the same. We report a case with right hemiparesis and aphasia 1 month after a fall from a bicycle. Computed tomography scan of the head showed left chronic subdural hematoma, which was evacuated by burr-hole drainage. The postoperative course was complicated by reaccumulation within short period of time. On superselective digital subtraction angiography of MMA, iatrogenic dAVF was found on left side. We embolized successfully it using n-butyl cyanoacrylate after a third irrigation. No reaccumulation found in the postoperative period or at last follow-up. We propose treatment protocol based on our experience and literature review. Refractory chronic subdural hematoma with reaccumulation within a short interval should be subjected to digital subtraction angiography of the MMA. Embolization of ipsilateral MMA is safe, effective, and a useful option for the treatment of iatrogenic dAVF and resolution of hematoma.
27241087	0	10	Usefulness	T080	C3827682
27241087	14	26	Embolization	T061	C0013931
27241087	31	41	Iatrogenic	T047	C1512608
27241087	42	69	Dural Arteriovenous Fistula	T190	C0752156
27241087	70	85	Associated with	T080	C0332281
27241087	86	95	Recurrent	T079	C2945760
27241087	96	121	Chronic Subdural Hematoma	T046	C0749095
27241087	125	136	Case Report	T170	C0085973
27241087	141	158	Literature Review	T170	C0282441
27241087	159	169	Refractory	T169	C0205269
27241087	170	196	chronic subdural hematomas	T046	C0749095
27241087	204	214	iatrogenic	T047	C1512608
27241087	215	243	dural arteriovenous fistulas	T190	C0752156
27241087	245	250	dAVFs	T190	C0752156
27241087	256	265	difficult	T080	C0332218
27241087	269	274	treat	T169	C1522326
27241087	315	324	guideline	T061	C0935576
27241087	339	356	literature review	T170	C0282441
27241087	365	375	usefulness	T080	C3827682
27241087	379	391	embolization	T061	C0013931
27241087	395	418	middle meningeal artery	T023	C0226147
27241087	420	423	MMA	T023	C0226147
27241087	433	442	treatment	T061	C0087111
27241087	468	472	case	T169	C0868928
27241087	478	495	right hemiparesis	T033	C0457435
27241087	500	507	aphasia	T048	C0003537
27241087	510	515	month	T079	C0439231
27241087	524	528	fall	T033	C0085639
27241087	536	543	bicycle	T073	C0005375
27241087	545	569	Computed tomography scan	T060	C0040405
27241087	577	581	head	T029	C0018670
27241087	589	593	left	T082	C0443246
27241087	594	619	chronic subdural hematoma	T046	C0749095
27241087	631	662	evacuated by burr-hole drainage	T061	C2005662
27241087	668	688	postoperative course	T079	C0032790
27241087	693	704	complicated	T169	C0231242
27241087	708	722	reaccumulation	T033	C4055506
27241087	736	742	period	T079	C1948053
27241087	746	750	time	T079	C0040223
27241087	755	801	superselective digital subtraction angiography	T060	C0002979
27241087	805	808	MMA	T023	C0226147
27241087	810	820	iatrogenic	T047	C1512608
27241087	821	825	dAVF	T190	C0752156
27241087	839	848	left side	T082	C0205091
27241087	853	862	embolized	T061	C0013931
27241087	863	875	successfully	T080	C1272703
27241087	885	906	n-butyl cyanoacrylate	T109,T122	C0014035
27241087	921	931	irrigation	T061	C2936738
27241087	936	950	reaccumulation	T033	C4055506
27241087	964	984	postoperative period	T079	C0032790
27241087	996	1005	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27241087	1018	1036	treatment protocol	T061	C0040808
27241087	1050	1060	experience	T080	C0871521
27241087	1065	1082	literature review	T170	C0282441
27241087	1084	1094	Refractory	T169	C0205269
27241087	1095	1120	chronic subdural hematoma	T046	C0749095
27241087	1126	1140	reaccumulation	T033	C4055506
27241087	1150	1164	short interval	T079	C1272706
27241087	1188	1219	digital subtraction angiography	T060	C0002979
27241087	1227	1230	MMA	T023	C0226147
27241087	1232	1244	Embolization	T061	C0013931
27241087	1248	1259	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27241087	1260	1263	MMA	T023	C0226147
27241087	1273	1282	effective	T080	C1704419
27241087	1312	1321	treatment	T061	C0087111
27241087	1325	1335	iatrogenic	T047	C1512608
27241087	1336	1340	dAVF	T190	C0752156
27241087	1345	1355	resolution	T077	C2699488
27241087	1359	1367	hematoma	T046	C0018946

27241291|t|In Search of the E. coli Compounds that Change the Antibiotic Production Pattern of Streptomyces coelicolor During Inter-species Interaction
27241291|a|The aim of this work was to investigate the interaction between E.coli and Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2) for the increased production of undecylprodigiosin and identify the E. coli actives mediating this inter-species interaction. The antibiotics of interest were the red-pigmented undecylprodigiosin and blue-pigmented actinorhodin. Pure cultures of S. coelicolor in a defined medium produced higher concentrations of actinorhodin compared to those of undecylprodigiosin. The latter however, is more important due to its immunosuppressive and antitumor properties. As a strategy to increase undecylprodigiosin production, we added separately, live cells and heat-killed cells of E. coli C600, and the cell-free supernatant of E. coli culture to S. coelicolor cultures in shake flasks. The interaction with live cells of E. coli altered the antibiotic production pattern and undecylprodigiosin production was enhanced by 3.5-fold compared to the pure cultures of S. coelicolor and actinorhodin decreased by 15-fold. The heat-killed cells of E. coli however, had no effect on antibiotic production. In all cases, growth and glucose consumption of S. coelicolor remained almost the same as those observed in the pure culture indicating that the changes in antibiotic production were not due to nutritional stress. Results with cell-free supernatant of E. coli culture indicated that the interaction between S. coelicolor and E. coli was mediated via diffusible molecule(s). Using a set of extraction procedures and agar-well diffusion bioassays, we isolated and preliminarily identified a class of compounds. For the preliminary verification, we added the compound which was the common chemical structural moiety in this class of compounds to the pure S. coelicolor cultures. We observed similar effects on antibiotic production as with the live E. coli cells and their supernatant indicating that this class of compounds secreted by E. coli indeed could act as actives during interspecies interaction and increase the production of undecylprodigiosin.
27241291	17	24	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27241291	25	34	Compounds	T123	C0574031
27241291	51	61	Antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27241291	62	72	Production	T169	C0205245
27241291	84	107	Streptomyces coelicolor	T007	C0995741
27241291	115	140	Inter-species Interaction	T054	C0870742
27241291	169	180	investigate	T169	C1292732
27241291	185	196	interaction	T169	C1704675
27241291	205	211	E.coli	T007	C0014834
27241291	216	246	Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2)	T007	C1449847
27241291	255	264	increased	T081	C0205217
27241291	265	275	production	T169	C0205245
27241291	279	297	undecylprodigiosin	T109,T121	C0077826
27241291	315	322	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27241291	323	330	actives	T169	C0205177
27241291	331	340	mediating	T054	C0086597
27241291	346	371	inter-species interaction	T054	C0870742
27241291	377	388	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27241291	410	442	red-pigmented undecylprodigiosin	T109,T121	C0526040
27241291	447	461	blue-pigmented	T080	C0333610
27241291	462	474	actinorhodin	T109,T195	C0050663
27241291	481	489	cultures	T059	C0430402
27241291	493	506	S. coelicolor	T007	C0995741
27241291	520	526	medium	T130	C0010454
27241291	543	557	concentrations	T081	C1264643
27241291	561	573	actinorhodin	T109,T195	C0050663
27241291	574	582	compared	T052	C1707455
27241291	595	613	undecylprodigiosin	T109,T121	C0077826
27241291	664	681	immunosuppressive	T040	C0021080
27241291	686	706	antitumor properties	T042	C1516031
27241291	725	733	increase	T169	C0442805
27241291	734	752	undecylprodigiosin	T109,T121	C0077826
27241291	753	763	production	T169	C0205245
27241291	786	796	live cells	T025	C1441322
27241291	801	812	heat-killed	T067	C1522240
27241291	813	818	cells	T025	C0007634
27241291	822	834	E. coli C600	T007	C0014834
27241291	844	865	cell-free supernatant	T031	C1550101
27241291	869	876	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27241291	877	884	culture	T059	C0430402
27241291	888	901	S. coelicolor	T007	C0995741
27241291	902	926	cultures in shake flasks	T059	C3179108
27241291	932	943	interaction	T169	C1704675
27241291	949	959	live cells	T025	C1441322
27241291	963	970	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27241291	983	993	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27241291	994	1004	production	T169	C0205245
27241291	1017	1035	undecylprodigiosin	T109,T121	C0077826
27241291	1036	1046	production	T169	C0205245
27241291	1051	1059	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27241291	1088	1101	pure cultures	T059	C0430402
27241291	1105	1118	S. coelicolor	T007	C0995741
27241291	1123	1135	actinorhodin	T109,T195	C0050663
27241291	1136	1145	decreased	T081	C0205216
27241291	1162	1173	heat-killed	T067	C1522240
27241291	1174	1179	cells	T025	C0007634
27241291	1183	1190	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27241291	1204	1213	no effect	T080	C1301751
27241291	1217	1227	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27241291	1228	1238	production	T169	C0205245
27241291	1254	1260	growth	T040	C0178747
27241291	1265	1284	glucose consumption	T033	C0556133
27241291	1288	1301	S. coelicolor	T007	C0995741
27241291	1322	1326	same	T080	C0445247
27241291	1336	1344	observed	T169	C1441672
27241291	1352	1364	pure culture	T059	C0430402
27241291	1385	1392	changes	T169	C0392747
27241291	1396	1406	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27241291	1407	1417	production	T169	C0205245
27241291	1434	1445	nutritional	T040	C1442959
27241291	1446	1452	stress	T033	C0038435
27241291	1454	1461	Results	T169	C1274040
27241291	1467	1488	cell-free supernatant	T031	C1550101
27241291	1492	1499	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27241291	1500	1507	culture	T059	C0430402
27241291	1527	1538	interaction	T169	C1704675
27241291	1547	1560	S. coelicolor	T007	C0995741
27241291	1565	1572	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27241291	1577	1585	mediated	T054	C0086597
27241291	1590	1612	diffusible molecule(s)	T123	C0574031
27241291	1629	1650	extraction procedures	T059	C0684295
27241291	1655	1684	agar-well diffusion bioassays	T059	C0005507
27241291	1689	1697	isolated	T169	C0205409
27241291	1716	1726	identified	T080	C0205396
27241291	1729	1747	class of compounds	T123	C0574031
27241291	1769	1781	verification	T169	C1711411
27241291	1796	1804	compound	T123	C0574031
27241291	1826	1852	chemical structural moiety	T104	C1254350
27241291	1861	1879	class of compounds	T123	C0574031
27241291	1892	1905	S. coelicolor	T007	C0995741
27241291	1906	1914	cultures	T059	C1331092
27241291	1936	1943	effects	T080	C1280500
27241291	1947	1957	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27241291	1958	1968	production	T169	C0205245
27241291	1986	1993	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27241291	1994	1999	cells	T025	C0007634
27241291	2010	2021	supernatant	T031	C1550101
27241291	2043	2061	class of compounds	T123	C0574031
27241291	2062	2070	secreted	T043	C1327616
27241291	2074	2081	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27241291	2102	2109	actives	T169	C0205177
27241291	2117	2141	interspecies interaction	T054	C0870742
27241291	2146	2154	increase	T169	C0442805
27241291	2159	2169	production	T169	C0205245
27241291	2173	2191	undecylprodigiosin	T109,T121	C0077826

27241818|t|Group III/IV muscle afferents limit the intramuscular metabolic perturbation during whole body exercise in humans
27241818|a|The purpose of this study was to determine the role of group III/IV muscle afferents in limiting the endurance exercise - induced metabolic perturbation assayed in muscle biopsy samples taken from locomotor muscle. Lumbar intrathecal fentanyl was used to attenuate the central projection of μ-opioid receptor - sensitive locomotor muscle afferents during a 5 km cycling time trial. The findings suggest that the central projection of group III/IV muscle afferent feedback constrains voluntary neural ' drive ' to working locomotor muscle and limits the exercise - induced intramuscular metabolic perturbation. Therefore, the CNS might regulate the degree of metabolic perturbation within locomotor muscle and thereby limit peripheral fatigue. It appears that the group III/IV muscle afferents are an important neural link in this regulatory mechanism, which probably serves to protect locomotor muscle from the potentially severe functional impairment as a consequence of severe intramuscular metabolic disturbance. To investigate the role of metabo - and mechanosensitive group III/IV muscle afferents in limiting the intramuscular metabolic perturbation during whole body endurance exercise, eight subjects performed 5 km cycling time trials under control conditions (CTRL) and with lumbar intrathecal fentanyl impairing lower limb muscle afferent feedback (FENT). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and immediately after exercise. Motoneuronal output was estimated through vastus lateralis surface electromyography (EMG). Exercise - induced changes in intramuscular metabolites were determine d using liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Quadriceps fatigue was quantified by pre - to post - exercise changes in potentiated quadriceps twitch torque (ΔQTsingle) evoked by electrical femoral nerve stimulation. Although motoneuronal output was 21 ± 12% higher during FENT compared to CTRL (P < 0.05), time to complete the time trial was similar (∼8.8 min). Compared to CTRL, power output during FENT was 10 ± 4% higher in the first half of the time trial, but 11 ± 5% lower in the second half (both P < 0.01). The exercise - induced increase in intramuscular inorganic phosphate, H(+), adenosine diphosphate, lactate and phosphocreatine depletion was 55 ± 30, 62 ± 18, 129 ± 63, 47 ± 14 (P < 0.001) and 27 ± 14% (P < 0.01) greater in FENT than CTRL. ΔQTsingle was greater following FENT than CTRL (-52 ± 2 vs -31 ± 1%, P < 0.001) and this difference was positively correlated with the difference in inorganic phosphate (r(2) = 0.79; P < 0.01) and H(+) (r(2) = 0.92; P < 0.01). In conclusion, during whole body exercise, group III/IV muscle afferents provide feedback to the CNS which, in turn, constrains motoneuronal output to the active skeletal muscle. This regulatory mechanism limits the exercise - induced intramuscular metabolic perturbation, preventing an abnormal homeostatic challenge and excessive peripheral fatigue.
27241818	0	19	Group III/IV muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	20	29	afferents	T025	C0027883
27241818	30	35	limit	T169	C0439801
27241818	40	53	intramuscular	T082	C0442117
27241818	54	63	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27241818	64	76	perturbation	T169	C0332453
27241818	84	94	whole body	T017	C0444584
27241818	95	103	exercise	T056	C0015259
27241818	107	113	humans	T016	C0086418
27241818	118	125	purpose	T169	C1285529
27241818	134	139	study	T062	C2603343
27241818	147	156	determine	T059	C1148554
27241818	161	165	role	T077	C1705810
27241818	169	188	group III/IV muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	189	198	afferents	T025	C0027883
27241818	202	210	limiting	T169	C0439801
27241818	215	224	endurance	T033	C0518031
27241818	225	233	exercise	T056	C0015259
27241818	236	243	induced	T169	C0205263
27241818	244	253	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27241818	254	266	perturbation	T169	C0332453
27241818	267	274	assayed	T059	C1510438
27241818	278	284	muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	285	299	biopsy samples	T024	C0677862
27241818	311	320	locomotor	T040	C0023946
27241818	321	327	muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	329	335	Lumbar	T029	C0024090
27241818	336	347	intrathecal	T030	C1370196
27241818	348	356	fentanyl	T109,T121	C0015846
27241818	369	378	attenuate	T052	C0599946
27241818	383	390	central	T082	C0205099
27241818	391	401	projection	T082	C0348018
27241818	405	422	μ-opioid receptor	T116,T192	C0066908
27241818	425	434	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27241818	435	444	locomotor	T040	C0023946
27241818	445	451	muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	452	461	afferents	T025	C0027883
27241818	476	483	cycling	T079	C1511572
27241818	484	488	time	T079	C0040223
27241818	489	494	trial	T062	C0008976
27241818	500	508	findings	T033	C0243095
27241818	526	533	central	T082	C0205099
27241818	534	544	projection	T082	C0348018
27241818	548	567	group III/IV muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	568	576	afferent	T025	C0027883
27241818	577	585	feedback	T039	C0678663
27241818	586	596	constrains	T077	C1707494
27241818	597	606	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27241818	607	613	neural	T169	C3714606
27241818	616	621	drive	T041	C0013126
27241818	627	634	working	T169	C0205177
27241818	635	644	locomotor	T040	C0023946
27241818	645	651	muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	656	662	limits	T169	C0439801
27241818	667	675	exercise	T056	C0015259
27241818	678	685	induced	T169	C0205263
27241818	686	699	intramuscular	T082	C0442117
27241818	700	709	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27241818	710	722	perturbation	T169	C0332453
27241818	739	742	CNS	T022	C3714787
27241818	749	757	regulate	T038	C1327622
27241818	762	768	degree	T081	C0449286
27241818	772	781	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27241818	782	794	perturbation	T169	C0332453
27241818	802	811	locomotor	T040	C0023946
27241818	812	818	muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	831	836	limit	T169	C0439801
27241818	837	847	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27241818	848	855	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27241818	860	867	appears	T080	C0700364
27241818	877	896	group III/IV muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	897	906	afferents	T025	C0027883
27241818	914	923	important	T080	C3898777
27241818	924	930	neural	T169	C3714606
27241818	931	935	link	T030	C0178718
27241818	944	954	regulatory	T038	C1327622
27241818	955	964	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27241818	972	980	probably	T078	C0750492
27241818	991	998	protect	T033	C1545588
27241818	999	1008	locomotor	T040	C0023946
27241818	1009	1015	muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	1025	1036	potentially	T080	C3245505
27241818	1037	1043	severe	T080	C0205082
27241818	1044	1065	functional impairment	T033	C4062321
27241818	1071	1082	consequence	T169	C0686907
27241818	1086	1092	severe	T080	C0205082
27241818	1093	1106	intramuscular	T082	C0442117
27241818	1107	1116	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27241818	1117	1128	disturbance	T080	C2699787
27241818	1133	1144	investigate	T169	C1292732
27241818	1149	1153	role	T077	C1705810
27241818	1157	1163	metabo	T040	C0025519
27241818	1170	1186	mechanosensitive	T080	C1522640
27241818	1187	1206	group III/IV muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	1207	1216	afferents	T025	C0027883
27241818	1220	1228	limiting	T169	C0439801
27241818	1233	1246	intramuscular	T082	C0442117
27241818	1247	1256	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27241818	1257	1269	perturbation	T169	C0332453
27241818	1277	1287	whole body	T017	C0444584
27241818	1288	1297	endurance	T033	C0518031
27241818	1298	1306	exercise	T056	C0015259
27241818	1314	1322	subjects	T096	C0681850
27241818	1323	1332	performed	T169	C0884358
27241818	1338	1345	cycling	T079	C1511572
27241818	1346	1350	time	T079	C0040223
27241818	1351	1357	trials	T062	C0008976
27241818	1358	1382	under control conditions	T033	C2911690
27241818	1384	1388	CTRL	T033	C2911690
27241818	1399	1405	lumbar	T029	C0024090
27241818	1406	1417	intrathecal	T030	C1370196
27241818	1418	1426	fentanyl	T109,T121	C0015846
27241818	1427	1436	impairing	T169	C0221099
27241818	1437	1447	lower limb	T023	C0023216
27241818	1448	1454	muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	1455	1463	afferent	T025	C0027883
27241818	1464	1472	feedback	T039	C0678663
27241818	1474	1478	FENT	T039	C0678663
27241818	1481	1497	Vastus lateralis	T023	C0224444
27241818	1498	1504	muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	1505	1513	biopsies	T024	C0677862
27241818	1519	1527	obtained	T169	C1301820
27241818	1528	1534	before	T079	C0332152
27241818	1539	1550	immediately	T079	C0205253
27241818	1551	1556	after	T079	C0687676
27241818	1557	1565	exercise	T056	C0015259
27241818	1567	1579	Motoneuronal	T025	C0026609
27241818	1580	1600	output was estimated	T060	C0204709
27241818	1609	1633	vastus lateralis surface	T023	C0224444
27241818	1634	1650	electromyography	T060	C0013839
27241818	1652	1655	EMG	T060	C0013839
27241818	1658	1666	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27241818	1669	1676	induced	T169	C0205263
27241818	1677	1684	changes	T169	C0392747
27241818	1688	1701	intramuscular	T082	C0442117
27241818	1702	1713	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27241818	1719	1728	determine	T059	C1148554
27241818	1737	1743	liquid	T167	C0302908
27241818	1748	1784	gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	T059	C1720784
27241818	1786	1796	Quadriceps	T023	C0224440
27241818	1797	1804	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27241818	1809	1819	quantified	T081	C1709793
27241818	1823	1826	pre	T079	C0332152
27241818	1832	1836	post	T079	C0687676
27241818	1839	1847	exercise	T056	C0015259
27241818	1848	1855	changes	T169	C0392747
27241818	1859	1895	potentiated quadriceps twitch torque	T067	C0376590
27241818	1897	1906	ΔQTsingle	T067	C0376590
27241818	1908	1914	evoked	T080	C1444748
27241818	1918	1928	electrical	T169	C0442828
27241818	1929	1942	femoral nerve	T023	C0015808
27241818	1943	1954	stimulation	T061	C1292856
27241818	1965	1977	motoneuronal	T025	C0026609
27241818	1978	1984	output	T052	C0441655
27241818	1998	2004	higher	T080	C0205250
27241818	2012	2016	FENT	T039	C0678663
27241818	2017	2025	compared	T052	C1707455
27241818	2029	2033	CTRL	T033	C2911690
27241818	2046	2050	time	T079	C0040223
27241818	2054	2062	complete	T080	C0205197
27241818	2067	2071	time	T079	C0040223
27241818	2072	2077	trial	T062	C0008976
27241818	2082	2089	similar	T080	C2348205
27241818	2102	2110	Compared	T052	C1707455
27241818	2114	2118	CTRL	T033	C2911690
27241818	2120	2132	power output	T070	C0445194
27241818	2140	2144	FENT	T039	C0678663
27241818	2157	2163	higher	T080	C0205250
27241818	2171	2181	first half	T033	C3843058
27241818	2189	2193	time	T079	C0040223
27241818	2194	2199	trial	T062	C0008976
27241818	2213	2218	lower	T080	C0205251
27241818	2226	2237	second half	T033	C3843057
27241818	2259	2267	exercise	T056	C0015259
27241818	2270	2277	induced	T169	C0205263
27241818	2278	2286	increase	T169	C0442805
27241818	2290	2303	intramuscular	T082	C0442117
27241818	2304	2323	inorganic phosphate	T121,T197	C0031603
27241818	2325	2329	H(+)	T196	C0033727
27241818	2331	2352	adenosine diphosphate	T114,T123	C0001459
27241818	2354	2361	lactate	T109	C0022924
27241818	2366	2381	phosphocreatine	T116,T121,T123	C0031634
27241818	2382	2391	depletion	T169	C0333668
27241818	2468	2475	greater	T081	C1704243
27241818	2479	2483	FENT	T039	C0678663
27241818	2489	2493	CTRL	T033	C2911690
27241818	2495	2504	ΔQTsingle	T067	C0376590
27241818	2509	2516	greater	T081	C1704243
27241818	2527	2531	FENT	T039	C0678663
27241818	2537	2541	CTRL	T033	C2911690
27241818	2584	2594	difference	T081	C1705241
27241818	2599	2609	positively	T033	C1446409
27241818	2610	2620	correlated	T080	C1707520
27241818	2630	2640	difference	T081	C1705241
27241818	2644	2663	inorganic phosphate	T121,T197	C0031603
27241818	2725	2735	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27241818	2744	2754	whole body	T017	C0444584
27241818	2755	2763	exercise	T056	C0015259
27241818	2765	2784	group III/IV muscle	T024	C0026845
27241818	2785	2794	afferents	T025	C0027883
27241818	2795	2802	provide	T052	C1999230
27241818	2803	2811	feedback	T039	C0678663
27241818	2819	2822	CNS	T022	C3714787
27241818	2839	2849	constrains	T077	C1707494
27241818	2850	2862	motoneuronal	T025	C0026609
27241818	2863	2869	output	T052	C0441655
27241818	2877	2883	active	T169	C0205177
27241818	2884	2899	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27241818	2906	2916	regulatory	T038	C1327622
27241818	2917	2926	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27241818	2927	2933	limits	T169	C0439801
27241818	2938	2946	exercise	T056	C0015259
27241818	2949	2956	induced	T169	C0205263
27241818	2957	2970	intramuscular	T082	C0442117
27241818	2971	2980	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27241818	2981	2993	perturbation	T169	C0332453
27241818	3009	3029	abnormal homeostatic	T033	C4022950
27241818	3030	3039	challenge	T058	C0805586
27241818	3044	3053	excessive	T080	C0442802
27241818	3054	3064	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27241818	3065	3072	fatigue	T184	C0015672

27242101|t|Incidence of crown fracture and risk factors in the primary dentition: a prospective longitudinal study
27242101|a|Few studies have assessed the incidence and risk factors to crown fractures in preschool children. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of crown fracture in the primary dentition over a 1-year follow-up period, identify risk factors, and test the hypothesis that children with previous crown fracture are more prone to experience further cases of crown fracture independently of other risk factors. This study was developed in two phases: cross-sectional and prospective longitudinal study. The cross-sectional study was carried out 261 preschool children. The prospective longitudinal study was carried out 194 children allocated to two groups: exposed group (children with prior exposure to crown fracture) and non - exposed group (children without prior exposure). On both occasions, children were examined for the diagnosis of crown fracture and evaluation of lip coverage and overjet. The parents were interviewed with regard to the socioeconomic indicators. New cases of crown fracture were identified based on the comparison of the two examinations. Data analysis involved Pearson's chi-square test, McNemar's test, and Poisson regression with robust variance. Among the 261 children who participated in the cross-sectional study, 194 were re-examined (65 in the exposed group and 129 in the non - exposed group). The overall incidence of crown fracture was 55.7% (n = 108). The difference in percentage of increased risk of crown fracture in exposed and non - exposed groups was 13.4%. A greater incidence of crown fracture was found in the exposed group (64.6%; P < 0,001). The children exposed (RR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.01-1.67) had a greater risk of developing new cases of crown fracture in comparison with the non - exposed group. The incidence of crown fracture was high and children with previous crown fracture had a greater risk of suffering new cases of crown fracture during the 1-year follow-up period.
27242101	0	9	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27242101	13	27	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	32	44	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27242101	52	69	primary dentition	T023	C3266841
27242101	73	103	prospective longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
27242101	134	143	incidence	T081	C0021149
27242101	148	160	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27242101	164	179	crown fractures	T037	C0458012
27242101	183	201	preschool children	T100	C0008100
27242101	245	254	incidence	T081	C0021149
27242101	258	272	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	280	297	primary dentition	T023	C3266841
27242101	312	321	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27242101	322	328	period	T079	C1948053
27242101	339	351	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27242101	366	376	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27242101	382	390	children	T100	C0008059
27242101	396	404	previous	T079	C0205156
27242101	405	419	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	466	480	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	504	516	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27242101	558	573	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
27242101	578	608	prospective longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
27242101	614	635	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27242101	656	674	preschool children	T100	C0008100
27242101	680	710	prospective longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
27242101	731	739	children	T100	C0008059
27242101	765	778	exposed group	T098	C2348484
27242101	780	788	children	T100	C0008059
27242101	800	811	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27242101	812	826	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	832	835	non	T033	C1513916
27242101	838	851	exposed group	T098	C2348484
27242101	853	861	children	T100	C0008059
27242101	876	884	exposure	T080	C0332157
27242101	906	914	children	T100	C0008059
27242101	937	946	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27242101	950	964	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	983	986	lip	T023	C0023759
27242101	1000	1007	overjet	T190	C0596028
27242101	1057	1081	socioeconomic indicators	T078	C1711331
27242101	1096	1110	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	1176	1189	Data analysis	T057	C0010992
27242101	1199	1224	Pearson's chi-square test	T170	C0237913
27242101	1226	1240	McNemar's test	T170	C0237913
27242101	1246	1264	Poisson regression	T170	C0034980
27242101	1270	1276	robust	T080	C2986815
27242101	1277	1285	variance	T080	C1711260
27242101	1301	1309	children	T100	C0008059
27242101	1334	1355	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27242101	1389	1402	exposed group	T098	C2348484
27242101	1418	1421	non	T033	C1513916
27242101	1424	1437	exposed group	T098	C2348484
27242101	1452	1461	incidence	T081	C0021149
27242101	1465	1479	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	1533	1550	increased risk of	T033	C0332167
27242101	1551	1565	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	1581	1584	non	T033	C1513916
27242101	1587	1601	exposed groups	T098	C2348484
27242101	1623	1632	incidence	T081	C0021149
27242101	1636	1650	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	1706	1714	children	T100	C0008059
27242101	1759	1774	greater risk of	T033	C0332167
27242101	1799	1813	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	1837	1840	non	T033	C1513916
27242101	1843	1856	exposed group	T098	C2348484
27242101	1862	1871	incidence	T081	C0021149
27242101	1875	1889	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	1903	1911	children	T100	C0008059
27242101	1917	1925	previous	T079	C0205156
27242101	1926	1940	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	1947	1962	greater risk of	T033	C0332167
27242101	1986	2000	crown fracture	T037	C0458012
27242101	2019	2028	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27242101	2029	2035	period	T079	C1948053

27242395|t|An Efficient and Reliable Statistical Method for Estimating Functional Connectivity in Large Scale Brain Networks Using Partial Correlation
27242395|a|Currently, network-oriented analysis of fMRI data has become an important tool for understanding brain organization and brain networks. Among the range of network modeling methods, partial correlation has shown great promises in accurately detecting true brain network connections. However, the application of partial correlation in investigating brain connectivity, especially in large-scale brain networks, has been limited so far due to the technical challenges in its estimation. In this paper, we propose an efficient and reliable statistical method for estimating partial correlation in large-scale brain network modeling. Our method derives partial correlation based on the precision matrix estimated via Constrained L1-minimization Approach (CLIME), which is a recently developed statistical method that is more efficient and demonstrates better performance than the existing methods. To help select an appropriate tuning parameter for sparsity control in the network estimation, we propose a new Dens-based selection method that provides a more informative and flexible tool to allow the users to select the tuning parameter based on the desired sparsity level. Another appealing feature of the Dens-based method is that it is much faster than the existing methods, which provides an important advantage in neuroimaging applications. Simulation studies show that the Dens-based method demonstrates comparable or better performance with respect to the existing methods in network estimation. We applied the proposed partial correlation method to investigate resting state functional connectivity using rs-fMRI data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) study. Our results show that partial correlation analysis removed considerable between-module marginal connections identified by full correlation analysis, suggesting these connections were likely caused by global effects or common connection to other nodes. Based on partial correlation, we find that the most significant direct connections are between homologous brain locations in the left and right hemisphere. When comparing partial correlation derived under different sparse tuning parameters, an important finding is that the sparse regularization has more shrinkage effects on negative functional connections than on positive connections, which supports previous findings that many of the negative brain connections are due to non-neurophysiological effects. An R package "DensParcorr" can be downloaded from CRAN for implementing the proposed statistical methods.
27242395	3	12	Efficient	T080	C0442799
27242395	17	25	Reliable	T080	C0205556
27242395	26	44	Statistical Method	T062	C1710191
27242395	49	59	Estimating	T081	C0750572
27242395	60	70	Functional	T169	C0205245
27242395	71	83	Connectivity	T082	C0449379
27242395	99	104	Brain	T023	C0006104
27242395	105	113	Networks	T040	C0598941
27242395	120	127	Partial	T081	C0728938
27242395	128	139	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27242395	151	167	network-oriented	T040	C0598941
27242395	168	176	analysis	T062	C0936012
27242395	180	184	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27242395	185	189	data	T078	C1511726
27242395	204	218	important tool	T073	C2827396
27242395	237	242	brain	T023	C0006104
27242395	243	255	organization	T039	C0029237
27242395	260	265	brain	T023	C0006104
27242395	266	274	networks	T040	C0598941
27242395	295	302	network	T040	C0598941
27242395	303	319	modeling methods	T170	C1554090
27242395	321	328	partial	T081	C0728938
27242395	329	340	correlation	T080	C1707520
27242395	380	389	detecting	T033	C0442726
27242395	395	400	brain	T023	C0006104
27242395	401	408	network	T040	C0598941
27242395	409	420	connections	T082	C0449379
27242395	450	457	partial	T081	C0728938
27242395	458	469	correlation	T080	C1707520
27242395	473	486	investigating	T169	C1292732
27242395	487	492	brain	T023	C0006104
27242395	493	505	connectivity	T082	C0449379
27242395	533	538	brain	T023	C0006104
27242395	539	547	networks	T040	C0598941
27242395	584	604	technical challenges	T067	C1710348
27242395	612	622	estimation	T081	C0750572
27242395	653	662	efficient	T080	C0442799
27242395	667	675	reliable	T080	C0205556
27242395	676	694	statistical method	T062	C1710191
27242395	699	709	estimating	T081	C0750572
27242395	710	717	partial	T081	C0728938
27242395	718	729	correlation	T080	C1707520
27242395	745	750	brain	T023	C0006104
27242395	751	758	network	T040	C0598941
27242395	759	767	modeling	T062	C0870071
27242395	773	779	method	T170	C0025663
27242395	788	795	partial	T081	C0728938
27242395	796	807	correlation	T080	C1707520
27242395	821	847	precision matrix estimated	T081	C0750572
27242395	852	888	Constrained L1-minimization Approach	T062	C1710191
27242395	890	895	CLIME	T062	C1710191
27242395	928	946	statistical method	T062	C1710191
27242395	960	969	efficient	T080	C0442799
27242395	994	1005	performance	T052	C1882330
27242395	1024	1031	methods	T170	C0025663
27242395	1063	1079	tuning parameter	T077	C0549193
27242395	1093	1100	control	T080	C0243148
27242395	1108	1115	network	T040	C0598941
27242395	1116	1126	estimation	T081	C0750572
27242395	1145	1172	Dens-based selection method	T062	C1710191
27242395	1194	1205	informative	T080	C2986490
27242395	1210	1218	flexible	T080	C0443220
27242395	1219	1223	tool	T170	C0037589
27242395	1257	1273	tuning parameter	T077	C0549193
27242395	1295	1303	sparsity	T082	C1254362
27242395	1304	1309	level	T080	C0441889
27242395	1344	1361	Dens-based method	T062	C1710191
27242395	1406	1413	methods	T170	C0025663
27242395	1456	1481	neuroimaging applications	T060	C0679575
27242395	1483	1501	Simulation studies	T062	C0679083
27242395	1516	1533	Dens-based method	T062	C1710191
27242395	1568	1579	performance	T052	C1882330
27242395	1609	1616	methods	T170	C0025663
27242395	1620	1627	network	T040	C0598941
27242395	1628	1638	estimation	T081	C0750572
27242395	1664	1671	partial	T081	C0728938
27242395	1672	1683	correlation	T080	C1707520
27242395	1684	1690	method	T170	C0025663
27242395	1694	1705	investigate	T169	C1292732
27242395	1706	1762	resting state functional connectivity using rs-fMRI data	T060	C4288291
27242395	1772	1822	Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC) study	T081	C0009247
27242395	1828	1835	results	T169	C1274040
27242395	1846	1853	partial	T081	C0728938
27242395	1854	1865	correlation	T080	C1707520
27242395	1866	1874	analysis	T062	C0936012
27242395	1911	1931	marginal connections	T082	C0449379
27242395	1951	1971	correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
27242395	1990	2001	connections	T082	C0449379
27242395	2049	2059	connection	T082	C0449379
27242395	2069	2074	nodes	T023	C0746922
27242395	2085	2092	partial	T081	C0728938
27242395	2093	2104	correlation	T080	C1707520
27242395	2147	2158	connections	T082	C0449379
27242395	2182	2187	brain	T023	C0006104
27242395	2188	2197	locations	T029	C1515974
27242395	2205	2209	left	T023	C0228176
27242395	2214	2230	right hemisphere	T023	C0228175
27242395	2247	2254	partial	T081	C0728938
27242395	2255	2266	correlation	T080	C1707520
27242395	2291	2297	sparse	T082	C1254362
27242395	2298	2315	tuning parameters	T077	C0549193
27242395	2381	2398	shrinkage effects	T169	C0332513
27242395	2402	2410	negative	T033	C0205160
27242395	2411	2421	functional	T169	C0205245
27242395	2422	2433	connections	T082	C0449379
27242395	2442	2450	positive	T033	C1446409
27242395	2451	2462	connections	T082	C0449379
27242395	2514	2522	negative	T033	C0205160
27242395	2523	2528	brain	T023	C0006104
27242395	2529	2540	connections	T082	C0449379
27242395	2552	2582	non-neurophysiological effects	T039	C1372849
27242395	2587	2610	R package "DensParcorr"	T170	C0037589
27242395	2634	2638	CRAN	T170	C0282574
27242395	2669	2688	statistical methods	T062	C1710191

27242550|t|Mitochondrial Ultrastructure and Glucose Signaling Pathways Attributed to the Kv1.3 Ion Channel
27242550|a|Gene-targeted deletion of the potassium channel Kv1.3 (Kv1.3(-∕-)) results i n "S uper-smeller" mice with a se nsory p h enotype t hat includes an increased olfactory ability linked to changes in olfactory circuitry, increased abundance of olfactory cilia, and increased expression of odorant receptors and the G-protein, Golf. Kv1.3(-∕-) mice a lso have a metabolic p h enotype i ncluding lo wer b o dy weight a nd de creased a d iposity, in creased total energy expenditure (TEE), increased locomotor activity, and resistance to both diet - and genetic-induced obesity. We explored two cellular aspects to elucidate the mechanism by which loss of Kv1.3 channel in the olfactory bulb (OB) may enhance glucose utilization and metabolic rate. First, using in situ hybridization we find that Kv1.3 and the insulin - dependent glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) are co-localized to the mitral cell layer of the OB. Disruption of Kv1.3 conduction via construction of a pore mutation (W386F Kv1.3) was sufficient to independently translocate GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in HEK 293 cells. Because olfactory sensory perception and the maintenance of action potential (AP) firing frequency by mitral cells of the OB is highly energy demanding and Kv1.3 is also expressed in mitochondria, we next explored the structure of this organelle in mitral cells. We challenged wildtype (WT) and Kv1.3(-∕-) male mice with a m oderately high-fat diet (M HF, 31.8 % kcal fat) for 4 months and then examined OB ultrastructure using transmission electron microscopy. In WT mice, mitochondria were significantly enlarged following diet-induced obesity (DIO) and there were fewer mitochondria, likely due to mitophagy. Interestingly, mitochondria were significantly smaller in Kv1.3(-∕-) mice c ompared with that of W T mice. Similar to their m etabolic r esistance to D IO, the K v1.3(-∕-) mice ha d unchanged mit ochondria in terms of cros s sectional area and abundance following a challenge with modified diet. We are very interested to understand how targeted disruption of the Kv1.3 channel in the OB can modify TEE. Our study demonstrates that Kv1.3 regulates mitochondrial structure and alters glucose utilization; two important metabolic changes that could drive whole system changes in metabolism initiated at the OB.
27242550	0	13	Mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27242550	14	28	Ultrastructure	T025	C3825563
27242550	33	59	Glucose Signaling Pathways	T044	C1622453
27242550	78	95	Kv1.3 Ion Channel	T116,T123	C0290730
27242550	96	109	Gene-targeted	T063	C0242613
27242550	110	118	deletion	T045	C0017260
27242550	126	149	potassium channel Kv1.3	T116,T123	C0290730
27242550	151	172	Kv1.3(-∕-)) results i	T034	C0456984
27242550	178	196	uper-smeller" mice	T015	C0025929
27242550	207	214	nsory p	T080	C0445254
27242550	217	226	enotype t	T032	C0031437
27242550	243	252	increased	T081	C0205217
27242550	253	262	olfactory	T040	C0439826
27242550	263	270	ability	T032	C0085732
27242550	292	301	olfactory	T040	C0439826
27242550	302	311	circuitry	UnknownType	C0260041
27242550	313	322	increased	T081	C0205217
27242550	323	332	abundance	T080	C2346714
27242550	336	351	olfactory cilia	T026	C0230758
27242550	357	366	increased	T081	C0205217
27242550	367	377	expression	T045	C0597360
27242550	381	398	odorant receptors	T116,T192	C0164313
27242550	407	422	G-protein, Golf	T116,T123	C0033684
27242550	424	441	Kv1.3(-∕-) mice a	T015	C0025929
27242550	453	464	metabolic p	T169	C0311400
27242550	467	476	enotype i	T032	C0031437
27242550	489	494	wer b	T081	C1611820
27242550	497	508	dy weight a	T032	C0005910
27242550	515	524	creased a	T081	C0205216
27242550	527	535	iposity,	T032	C1563743
27242550	539	571	creased total energy expenditure	T033	C0429629
27242550	573	576	TEE	T033	C0429629
27242550	579	588	increased	T081	C0205217
27242550	589	607	locomotor activity	T040	C0023946
27242550	613	623	resistance	T041	C0237834
27242550	632	636	diet	T168	C0012155
27242550	643	658	genetic-induced	T045	C0017391
27242550	659	666	obesity	T047	C0028754
27242550	684	700	cellular aspects	T080	C0935919
27242550	718	727	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27242550	737	741	loss	T081	C1517945
27242550	745	758	Kv1.3 channel	T116,T123	C0290730
27242550	766	780	olfactory bulb	T023	C0028936
27242550	782	784	OB	T023	C0028936
27242550	798	817	glucose utilization	T044	C1148560
27242550	822	836	metabolic rate	T039	C0870882
27242550	851	872	in situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
27242550	886	891	Kv1.3	T116,T123	C0290730
27242550	900	907	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27242550	910	919	dependent	T080	C1701901
27242550	920	946	glucose transporter type 4	T116,T123	C0166441
27242550	948	953	GLUT4	T116,T123	C0166441
27242550	979	985	mitral	T023	C0026264
27242550	986	996	cell layer	T025	C0007634
27242550	1004	1006	OB	T023	C0028936
27242550	1008	1018	Disruption	T169	C0332453
27242550	1022	1027	Kv1.3	T116,T123	C0290730
27242550	1028	1038	conduction	T070	C0457405
27242550	1061	1074	pore mutation	T045	C0026882
27242550	1076	1087	W386F Kv1.3	T045	C0026882
27242550	1121	1132	translocate	T043	C0599893
27242550	1133	1138	GLUT4	T116,T123	C0166441
27242550	1146	1161	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27242550	1165	1178	HEK 293 cells	T025	C2936239
27242550	1188	1216	olfactory sensory perception	T040	C0037361
27242550	1225	1236	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27242550	1240	1261	action potential (AP)	T043	C0001272
27242550	1282	1288	mitral	T023	C0026264
27242550	1289	1294	cells	T025	C0007634
27242550	1302	1304	OB	T023	C0028936
27242550	1336	1341	Kv1.3	T116,T123	C0290730
27242550	1363	1375	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27242550	1416	1425	organelle	T026	C0029219
27242550	1429	1435	mitral	T023	C0026264
27242550	1436	1441	cells	T025	C0007634
27242550	1457	1465	wildtype	T015	C1520150
27242550	1467	1469	WT	T015	C1520150
27242550	1475	1495	Kv1.3(-∕-) male mice	T015	C0025929
27242550	1505	1530	oderately high-fat diet (	T061	C0521974
27242550	1532	1535	HF,	T061	C0521974
27242550	1559	1565	months	T079	C0439231
27242550	1584	1586	OB	T023	C0028936
27242550	1587	1601	ultrastructure	T025	C3825563
27242550	1608	1640	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
27242550	1645	1652	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27242550	1654	1666	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27242550	1686	1694	enlarged	T080	C0442800
27242550	1705	1725	diet-induced obesity	T047	C0028754
27242550	1727	1730	DIO	T047	C0028754
27242550	1753	1765	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27242550	1781	1790	mitophagy	T043	C1820119
27242550	1807	1819	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27242550	1839	1846	smaller	T080	C0547044
27242550	1850	1867	Kv1.3(-∕-) mice c	T015	C0025929
27242550	1891	1898	T mice.	T015	C1520150
27242550	1918	1928	etabolic r	T169	C0311400
27242550	1944	1947	IO,	T047	C0028754
27242550	1954	1971	v1.3(-∕-) mice ha	T015	C0025929
27242550	1988	2000	ochondria in	T026	C0026237
27242550	2015	2026	s sectional	T082	C0552389
27242550	2027	2031	area	T082	C0205146
27242550	2036	2045	abundance	T080	C2346714
27242550	2073	2086	modified diet	T061	C0521974
27242550	2138	2148	disruption	T169	C0332453
27242550	2156	2169	Kv1.3 channel	T116,T123	C0290730
27242550	2177	2179	OB	T023	C0028936
27242550	2191	2194	TEE	T033	C0429629
27242550	2224	2229	Kv1.3	T116,T123	C0290730
27242550	2240	2263	mitochondrial structure	T026	C0026237
27242550	2275	2294	glucose utilization	T044	C1148560
27242550	2310	2319	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27242550	2369	2379	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27242550	2397	2399	OB	T023	C0028936

27242761|t|Cobalamin Protection against Oxidative Stress in the Acidophilic Iron-oxidizing Bacterium Leptospirillum Group II CF-1
27242761|a|Members of the genus Leptospirillum are aerobic iron-oxidizing bacteria belonging to the phylum Nitrospira. They are important members of microbial communities that catalyze the biomining of sulfidic ores, thereby solubilizing metal ions. These microorganisms live under extremely acidic and metal -loaded environments and thus must tolerate high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cobalamin (vitamin B12) is a cobalt -containing tetrapyrrole cofactor involved in intramolecular rearrangement reactions and has recently been suggested to be an intracellular antioxidant. In this work, we investigated the effect of the exogenous addition of cobalamin on oxidative stress parameters in Leptospirillum group II strain CF-1. Our results revealed that the external supplementation of cobalamin reduces the levels of intracellular ROSs and the damage to biomolecules, and also stimulates the growth and survival of cells exposed to oxidative stress exerted by ferric ion, hydrogen peroxide, chromate and diamide. Furthermore, exposure of strain CF-1 to oxidative stress elicitors resulted in the transcriptional activation of the cbiA gene encoding CbiA of the cobalamin biosynthetic pathway. Altogether, these data suggest that cobalamin plays an important role in redox protection of Leptospirillum strain CF-1, supporting survival of this microorganism under extremely oxidative environmental conditions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of cobalamin against oxidative stress may help to develop strategies to make biomining processes more effective.
27242761	0	9	Cobalamin	T114,T127	C0086024
27242761	10	20	Protection	T033	C1545588
27242761	29	45	Oxidative Stress	T049	C0242606
27242761	53	64	Acidophilic	T169	C0333931
27242761	65	89	Iron-oxidizing Bacterium	T007	C0004611
27242761	90	118	Leptospirillum Group II CF-1	T007	C2758310
27242761	140	154	Leptospirillum	T007	C0995279
27242761	159	166	aerobic	T080	C1510824
27242761	167	190	iron-oxidizing bacteria	T007	C0004611
27242761	208	225	phylum Nitrospira	T007	C0995591
27242761	257	266	microbial	T001	C0599840
27242761	267	278	communities	T070	C1253910
27242761	284	292	catalyze	T070	C2350294
27242761	297	306	biomining	T057	C0026175
27242761	310	323	sulfidic ores	T104	C0567321
27242761	346	356	metal ions	T196	C0022023
27242761	364	378	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27242761	411	416	metal	T197	C0025552
27242761	425	437	environments	T082	C0014406
27242761	466	480	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27242761	484	507	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27242761	509	512	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27242761	515	524	Cobalamin	T114,T127	C0086024
27242761	526	537	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
27242761	544	550	cobalt	T123,T196	C0009148
27242761	563	575	tetrapyrrole	T109,T123	C0076335
27242761	576	584	cofactor	T123	C0178555
27242761	597	635	intramolecular rearrangement reactions	T067	C0596965
27242761	677	690	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27242761	691	702	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27242761	721	733	investigated	T169	C1292732
27242761	738	744	effect	T080	C1280500
27242761	752	761	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27242761	774	783	cobalamin	T114,T127	C0086024
27242761	787	803	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27242761	804	814	parameters	T077	C0549193
27242761	818	853	Leptospirillum group II strain CF-1	T007	C2758310
27242761	867	875	revealed	T080	C0443289
27242761	885	909	external supplementation	T168	C0681579
27242761	913	922	cobalamin	T114,T127	C0086024
27242761	945	958	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27242761	959	963	ROSs	T123,T196	C0162772
27242761	972	978	damage	T169	C1883709
27242761	982	994	biomolecules	T123	C0574031
27242761	1005	1015	stimulates	T070	C1948023
27242761	1020	1026	growth	T040	C0018270
27242761	1031	1048	survival of cells	T043	C0007620
27242761	1060	1076	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27242761	1088	1098	ferric ion	T196	C2346593
27242761	1100	1117	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27242761	1119	1127	chromate	T197	C0008543
27242761	1132	1139	diamide	T109,T121,T130	C0011953
27242761	1166	1177	strain CF-1	T007	C0995279
27242761	1181	1197	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27242761	1224	1250	transcriptional activation	T045	C0162493
27242761	1258	1267	cbiA gene	T028	C0017337
27242761	1277	1281	CbiA	T116,T123	C0033684
27242761	1289	1298	cobalamin	T114,T127	C0086024
27242761	1299	1319	biosynthetic pathway	T044	C1721101
27242761	1339	1343	data	T078	C1511726
27242761	1357	1366	cobalamin	T114,T127	C0086024
27242761	1394	1399	redox	T044	C0030012
27242761	1400	1410	protection	T033	C1545588
27242761	1414	1440	Leptospirillum strain CF-1	T007	C0995279
27242761	1470	1483	microorganism	T001	C0445623
27242761	1500	1509	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27242761	1510	1534	environmental conditions	T080	C0348080
27242761	1554	1564	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27242761	1580	1590	protective	T033	C1545588
27242761	1591	1597	effect	T080	C1280500
27242761	1601	1610	cobalamin	T114,T127	C0086024
27242761	1619	1635	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27242761	1675	1684	biomining	T057	C0026175
27242761	1685	1694	processes	T067	C1522240
27242761	1700	1709	effective	T080	C1704419

27242865|t|Metabolite Profiling of Italian Tomato Landraces with Different Fruit Types
27242865|a|Increased interest toward traditional tomato varieties is fueled by the need to rescue desirable organoleptic traits and to improve the quality of fresh and processed tomatoes in the market. In addition, the phenotypic and genetic variation preserved in tomato landraces represents a means to understand the genetic basis of traits related to health and organoleptic aspects and improve them in modern varieties. To establish a framework for this approach, we studied the content of several metabolites in a panel of Italian tomato landraces categorized into three broad fruit type classes (flattened / ribbed, pear / oxheart, round / elongate). Three modern hybrids, corresponding to the three fruit shape typologies, were included as reference. Red ripe fruits were morphologically characterized and biochemically analyzed for their content in glycoalkaloids, phenols, amino acids, and Amadori products. The round / elongate types showed a higher content in glycoalkaloids, whereas flattened types had higher levels of phenolic compounds. Flattened tomatoes were also rich in total amino acids and in particular in glutamic acid. Multivariate analysis of amino acid content clearly separated the three classes of fruit types. Making allowance of the very low number of genotypes, phenotype-marker relationships were analyzed after retrieving single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among the landraces available in the literature. Sixty-six markers were significantly associated with the studied traits. The positions of several of these SNPs showed correspondence with already described genomic regions and QTLs supporting the reliability of the association. Overall the data indicated that significant changes in quality -related metabolites occur depending on the genetic background in traditional tomato germplasm, frequently according to specific fruit shape categories. Such a variability is suitable to harness association mapping for metabolic quality traits using this germplasm as an experimental population, paving the way for investigating their genetic / molecular basis, and facilitating breeding for quality-related compounds in tomato fruits.
27242865	0	10	Metabolite	T123	C0870883
27242865	11	20	Profiling	T169	C2003903
27242865	24	31	Italian	T083	C0022277
27242865	32	38	Tomato	T168	C0242772
27242865	39	48	Landraces	T077	C1883525
27242865	64	69	Fruit	T168	C0016767
27242865	70	75	Types	T080	C0332307
27242865	102	113	traditional	T169	C0443324
27242865	114	120	tomato	T168	C0242772
27242865	121	130	varieties	T077	C1883525
27242865	173	192	organoleptic traits	T080	C0205556
27242865	200	207	improve	T033	C0184511
27242865	212	219	quality	T080	C0332306
27242865	223	228	fresh	T080	C0443224
27242865	243	251	tomatoes	T168	C0242772
27242865	259	265	market	T083	C1318228
27242865	284	294	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27242865	299	316	genetic variation	T070	C0042333
27242865	330	336	tomato	T168	C0242772
27242865	337	346	landraces	T077	C1883525
27242865	384	397	genetic basis	T169	C0314603
27242865	401	407	traits	T032	C0599883
27242865	419	425	health	T078	C0018684
27242865	430	450	organoleptic aspects	T080	C0205556
27242865	471	487	modern varieties	T077	C1883525
27242865	536	543	studied	T062	C2603343
27242865	567	578	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27242865	593	600	Italian	T083	C0022277
27242865	601	607	tomato	T168	C0242772
27242865	608	617	landraces	T077	C1883525
27242865	647	652	fruit	T168	C0016767
27242865	667	676	flattened	T169	C0016203
27242865	679	685	ribbed	T169	C0205245
27242865	687	691	pear	T168	C1138601
27242865	694	701	oxheart	T168	C0016767
27242865	703	708	round	T082	C0332490
27242865	711	719	elongate	T080	C0205166
27242865	728	742	modern hybrids	T001	C0020205
27242865	771	776	fruit	T168	C0016767
27242865	777	782	shape	T082	C0332479
27242865	783	793	typologies	T170	C0237936
27242865	812	821	reference	T077	C1706462
27242865	823	838	Red ripe fruits	T168	C0016767
27242865	844	859	morphologically	T082	C0543482
27242865	860	873	characterized	T052	C1880022
27242865	878	900	biochemically analyzed	T059	C0850997
27242865	922	936	glycoalkaloids	T109,T121	C0002062
27242865	938	945	phenols	T109,T121	C0031428
27242865	947	958	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27242865	964	980	Amadori products	T109	C0029224
27242865	986	991	round	T082	C0332490
27242865	994	1002	elongate	T080	C0205166
27242865	1036	1050	glycoalkaloids	T109,T121	C0002062
27242865	1060	1069	flattened	T169	C0016203
27242865	1097	1115	phenolic compounds	T109,T121	C0031428
27242865	1117	1126	Flattened	T169	C0016203
27242865	1127	1135	tomatoes	T168	C0242772
27242865	1146	1150	rich	T080	C0699759
27242865	1160	1171	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27242865	1193	1206	glutamic acid	T116,T121,T123	C0061472
27242865	1208	1229	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27242865	1233	1251	amino acid content	T059	C1328436
27242865	1291	1296	fruit	T168	C0016767
27242865	1347	1356	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27242865	1358	1374	phenotype-marker	T032	C0031437
27242865	1375	1388	relationships	T080	C0439849
27242865	1394	1402	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27242865	1420	1451	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27242865	1453	1457	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27242865	1469	1478	landraces	T077	C1883525
27242865	1496	1506	literature	T170	C0023866
27242865	1518	1525	markers	T086	C0012872
27242865	1531	1560	significantly associated with	T080	C0332281
27242865	1565	1572	studied	T062	C2603343
27242865	1573	1579	traits	T032	C0599883
27242865	1615	1619	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27242865	1665	1680	genomic regions	T077	C1517520
27242865	1685	1689	QTLs	T028	C0597336
27242865	1749	1753	data	T078	C1511726
27242865	1792	1799	quality	T080	C0332306
27242865	1809	1820	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27242865	1844	1862	genetic background	T032	C4042916
27242865	1866	1877	traditional	T169	C0443324
27242865	1878	1884	tomato	T168	C0242772
27242865	1885	1894	germplasm	T026	C1820078
27242865	1929	1934	fruit	T168	C0016767
27242865	1935	1940	shape	T082	C0332479
27242865	1995	2014	association mapping	T052	C1283195
27242865	2019	2028	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27242865	2029	2036	quality	T080	C0332306
27242865	2037	2043	traits	T032	C0599883
27242865	2055	2064	germplasm	T026	C1820078
27242865	2071	2083	experimental	T080	C1517586
27242865	2084	2094	population	T081	C0032659
27242865	2115	2128	investigating	T169	C1292732
27242865	2135	2142	genetic	T169	C0314603
27242865	2145	2160	molecular basis	T078	C1853126
27242865	2179	2187	breeding	T040	C0006159
27242865	2192	2207	quality-related	T080	C0332306
27242865	2208	2217	compounds	T103	C1706082
27242865	2221	2227	tomato	T168	C0242772
27242865	2228	2234	fruits	T168	C0016767

27243664|t|Cross-reactivity features of deoxynivalenol (DON)-targeted immunoaffinity columns aiming to achieve simultaneous analysis of DON and major conjugates in cereal samples
27243664|a|Immunoafﬁnity columns (IACs) are a well-established tool in the determination of regulated mycotoxins in food and feed commodities. However, they also have the potential to become attractive pre-concentration and clean-up materials for the determination of masked (also called modified) mycotoxins, which have been recognised as important contributors to the toxicological hazard deriving from fungal spoilage of goods. However, the information available in the literature concerning the cross-reactivity of DON - IACs against the major conjugates (DON-3-G, 15-AcDON and 3-AcDON) is incomplete and often contradictory. We have carried out a detailed characterisation of the cross-reactivity of the four main IACs brands against DON and its conjugates as well as an assessment of the competition among the analytes. Only one IAC enabled the simultaneous analysis of all relevant DON forms while two missed 15-AcDON and the fourth one missed DON-3-G and 3-AcDON. In the case of the multivalent IAC, the analytes modified at the C-3 position compete for the antibody binding with preference for 3-AcDON (less spatially hindered) while DON-3-G has the more-hindered access to the active sites. Taking into consideration the levels of DON conjugates existing in real samples, the cross-reactivity of one DON - IAC allows a quantitative analysis of all of these analytes. Important but rather neglected aspects such as the continuous supply of IACs with identical characteristics, and of columns which are strictly blank, are also addressed in this paper.
27243664	0	16	Cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
27243664	29	43	deoxynivalenol	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	45	48	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	59	73	immunoaffinity	T059	C0596751
27243664	74	81	columns	T074	C0179909
27243664	100	112	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27243664	113	121	analysis	T059	C0002778
27243664	125	128	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	139	149	conjugates	T104	C0243072
27243664	153	159	cereal	T168	C0007757
27243664	160	167	samples	T167	C0444315
27243664	168	181	Immunoafﬁnity	T059	C0596751
27243664	182	189	columns	T074	C0179909
27243664	191	195	IACs	T074	C0179909
27243664	259	269	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27243664	273	277	food	T168	C0016452
27243664	282	298	feed commodities	T168	C0016452
27243664	359	376	pre-concentration	T052	C2003864
27243664	381	399	clean-up materials	T073	C0589473
27243664	455	465	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27243664	527	540	toxicological	T038	C4042799
27243664	541	547	hazard	T080	C0598697
27243664	562	568	fungal	T169	C0521033
27243664	569	577	spoilage	T067	C0868945
27243664	581	586	goods	T168	C0016452
27243664	656	672	cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
27243664	676	679	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	682	686	IACs	T074	C0179909
27243664	705	715	conjugates	T104	C0243072
27243664	717	724	DON-3-G	T109	C2717096
27243664	726	734	15-AcDON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	739	746	3-AcDON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	842	858	cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
27243664	876	880	IACs	T074	C0179909
27243664	896	899	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	908	918	conjugates	T104	C0243072
27243664	973	981	analytes	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	992	995	IAC	T074	C0179909
27243664	1008	1020	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27243664	1021	1029	analysis	T059	C0002778
27243664	1046	1049	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	1073	1081	15-AcDON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	1108	1115	DON-3-G	T109	C2717096
27243664	1120	1127	3-AcDON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	1160	1163	IAC	T074	C0179909
27243664	1169	1177	analytes	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	1223	1239	antibody binding	T129,T192	C0005457
27243664	1260	1267	3-AcDON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	1300	1307	DON-3-G	T109	C2717096
27243664	1344	1356	active sites	T129,T192	C0005457
27243664	1398	1401	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	1402	1412	conjugates	T104	C0243072
27243664	1425	1437	real samples	T167	C0444315
27243664	1443	1459	cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
27243664	1467	1470	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	1473	1476	IAC	T074	C0179909
27243664	1486	1507	quantitative analysis	T081	C0034384
27243664	1524	1532	analytes	T109,T131	C0057445
27243664	1606	1610	IACs	T074	C0179909
27243664	1650	1657	columns	T074	C0179909

27244222|t|A longitudinal study assessing childcare services' adoption of obesity prevention policies and practices
27244222|a|Despite ongoing investments to improve the obesogenic environments of childcare settings, little is known regarding how these services have changed their physical activity and nutrition-promoting practices. This study aims to describe changes in the proportion of Australian childcare services that have adopted best-practice healthy eating and physical activity practices between 2006 and 2013 and to assess whether adoption varied by socio-economic status and locality. A randomly selected sample of nominated supervisors (n = 358) from childcare services located in New South Wales, Australia, participated in a telephone survey in 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2013. Supervisors reported on their service's adoption of six practices: (i) having written nutrition and physical activity policies; (ii) staff trained in physical activity and nutrition in the past year; (iii) scheduled time for fundamental movement skills and (iv) outdoor play; (v) weekly or less screen time opportunitie s; and (vi) serving only non-sweetened beverages. A significant increase in the prevalence of services adopting all but one practice, between 2006 and 2013 was identified. Ninety one percent of services adopted four or more practices, a significant increase from 38% in 2006. There were no differences in the proportion of services adopting each practice by locality and socio-economic status. Government investment in obesity prevention programmes can equitably improve childcare service's adoption of healthy eating and physical activity promoting practices on a jurisdiction -wide basis. The establishment of a routine system to monitor adoption of a broader range of practices by childcare services is warranted.
27244222	2	20	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
27244222	31	40	childcare	T057	C0683807
27244222	41	50	services'	T057	C0557854
27244222	63	70	obesity	T047	C0028754
27244222	71	104	prevention policies and practices	T058	C1254363
27244222	148	158	obesogenic	T047	C0028754
27244222	159	171	environments	T082	C0014406
27244222	175	184	childcare	T057	C0683807
27244222	231	239	services	T057	C0557854
27244222	259	276	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27244222	281	310	nutrition-promoting practices	T062	C1521729
27244222	369	379	Australian	T098	C0238711
27244222	380	389	childcare	T057	C0683807
27244222	390	398	services	T057	C0557854
27244222	417	430	best-practice	T058	C1254363
27244222	431	445	healthy eating	T061	C0452415
27244222	450	467	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27244222	468	477	practices	T058	C1254363
27244222	541	562	socio-economic status	T080	C0086996
27244222	567	575	locality	T082	C1254362
27244222	579	603	randomly selected sample	T062	C0150105
27244222	617	628	supervisors	T097	C0403172
27244222	644	653	childcare	T057	C0683807
27244222	654	662	services	T057	C0557854
27244222	674	689	New South Wales	T083	C0027975
27244222	691	700	Australia	T083	C0004340
27244222	720	736	telephone survey	T062	C0681820
27244222	767	778	Supervisors	T097	C0403172
27244222	797	806	service's	T057	C0557854
27244222	823	832	practices	T058	C1254363
27244222	853	862	nutrition	T062	C1521729
27244222	867	884	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27244222	885	893	policies	T170	C0242456
27244222	900	905	staff	T097	C0851286
27244222	917	934	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27244222	939	948	nutrition	T062	C1521729
27244222	983	987	time	T079	C0040223
27244222	1004	1012	movement	T040	C0026649
27244222	1013	1019	skills	T055	C0678856
27244222	1029	1041	outdoor play	T056	C0032214
27244222	1047	1053	weekly	T079	C0332174
27244222	1062	1086	screen time opportunitie	T033	C4038978
27244222	1112	1135	non-sweetened beverages	T168	C0005329
27244222	1167	1177	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27244222	1181	1189	services	T057	C0557854
27244222	1211	1219	practice	T058	C1254363
27244222	1281	1289	services	T057	C0557854
27244222	1311	1320	practices	T058	C1254363
27244222	1410	1418	services	T057	C0557854
27244222	1433	1441	practice	T058	C1254363
27244222	1445	1453	locality	T082	C1254362
27244222	1458	1479	socio-economic status	T080	C0086996
27244222	1481	1491	Government	T092	C0018104
27244222	1492	1502	investment	T081	C3242637
27244222	1506	1513	obesity	T047	C0028754
27244222	1514	1535	prevention programmes	T058	C1254363
27244222	1558	1567	childcare	T057	C0683807
27244222	1590	1604	healthy eating	T061	C0452415
27244222	1609	1626	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27244222	1637	1646	practices	T058	C1254363
27244222	1652	1664	jurisdiction	T170	C0680647
27244222	1758	1767	practices	T058	C1254363
27244222	1771	1780	childcare	T057	C0683807
27244222	1781	1789	services	T057	C0557854

27244841|t|Improving Early Identification and Ongoing Care of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
27244841|a|Poor adherence to recommended screening for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and pediatricians ' lack of confidence in providing care for children with ASD reflect quality gaps in primary care. This study aimed to increase the proportion of toddlers screened for ASD and improve physicians ' self-efficacy in providing care to children with ASD. Twenty-six Utah primary care practices participated in a 3 to 6 month learning collaborative (LC) to improve identification and ongoing care of children with ASD. Monthly chart audits assessed whether an ASD screening tool was administered at 18- and 24- month visits. Physicians completed pre-LC and post-LC surveys to assess changes in self-efficacy in providing care and changes in perceived barriers to implementation of screening and caring for children with ASD. Before the LC, 15% of 18- and 24- month visits had documented ASD screening, compared with 91% during the last month of the LC (P < .001). This rate of ASD screening was sustained 4 years after the LC by most practices. Compared with survey responses before the LC, physicians reported significant improvement in their ability to care for children with ASD and decreases in their perceived barriers to screening and caring for children with ASD. The LC was effective in increasing and sustaining recommended ASD screening of toddlers and improving physicians ' perceived self-efficacy in caring for children with ASD. Improving primary care screening, skills, and knowledge may improve the timing of diagnosis, initiation of treatment, quality of care, and outcomes for children with ASD.
27244841	0	9	Improving	T080	C1272745
27244841	10	30	Early Identification	T061	C0814435
27244841	43	47	Care	T052	C1947933
27244841	51	59	Children	T100	C0008059
27244841	65	89	Autism Spectrum Disorder	T033	C4315362
27244841	120	129	screening	T058	C1710032
27244841	134	158	autism spectrum disorder	T033	C4315362
27244841	160	163	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	169	182	pediatricians	T097	C0237433
27244841	185	203	lack of confidence	T033	C0558092
27244841	217	221	care	T052	C1947933
27244841	226	234	children	T100	C0008059
27244841	240	243	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	268	280	primary care	T058	C0033137
27244841	287	292	study	T062	C2603343
27244841	329	337	toddlers	T100	C0682053
27244841	351	354	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	359	366	improve	T033	C0184511
27244841	367	377	physicians	T097	C0031831
27244841	380	393	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27244841	407	411	care	T052	C1947933
27244841	415	423	children	T100	C0008059
27244841	429	432	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	450	472	primary care practices	T058	C0033137
27244841	498	503	month	T079	C0439231
27244841	504	526	learning collaborative	T092	C1561598
27244841	528	530	LC	T092	C1561598
27244841	535	542	improve	T033	C0184511
27244841	543	557	identification	T041	C0020792
27244841	570	574	care	T052	C1947933
27244841	578	586	children	T100	C0008059
27244841	592	595	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	597	604	Monthly	T079	C0332177
27244841	605	617	chart audits	UnknownType	C0184805
27244841	638	641	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	642	656	screening tool	T058	C1710032
27244841	689	694	month	T079	C0439231
27244841	695	701	visits	T058	C1512346
27244841	703	713	Physicians	T097	C0031831
27244841	724	730	pre-LC	T079	C1254367
27244841	735	742	post-LC	T079	C1254367
27244841	743	750	surveys	T170	C0038951
27244841	761	768	changes	T169	C0392747
27244841	772	785	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27244841	799	803	care	T052	C1947933
27244841	819	828	perceived	T041	C0030971
27244841	829	837	barriers	T080	C0679881
27244841	841	855	implementation	T052	C1708476
27244841	859	868	screening	T058	C1710032
27244841	873	879	caring	T052	C1947933
27244841	884	892	children	T100	C0008059
27244841	898	901	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	914	916	LC	T092	C1561598
27244841	937	942	month	T079	C0439231
27244841	943	949	visits	T058	C1512346
27244841	954	964	documented	T058	C1301725
27244841	965	968	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	969	978	screening	T058	C1710032
27244841	1014	1019	month	T079	C0439231
27244841	1027	1029	LC	T092	C1561598
27244841	1055	1058	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	1059	1068	screening	T058	C1710032
27244841	1085	1090	years	T079	C0439234
27244841	1101	1103	LC	T092	C1561598
27244841	1137	1143	survey	T062	C0018762
27244841	1165	1167	LC	T092	C1561598
27244841	1169	1179	physicians	T097	C0031831
27244841	1201	1212	improvement	T077	C2986411
27244841	1233	1237	care	T052	C1947933
27244841	1242	1250	children	T100	C0008059
27244841	1256	1259	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	1283	1292	perceived	T041	C0030971
27244841	1293	1301	barriers	T080	C0679881
27244841	1305	1314	screening	T058	C1710032
27244841	1319	1325	caring	T052	C1947933
27244841	1330	1338	children	T100	C0008059
27244841	1344	1347	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	1353	1355	LC	T092	C1561598
27244841	1411	1414	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	1415	1424	screening	T058	C1710032
27244841	1428	1436	toddlers	T100	C0682053
27244841	1451	1461	physicians	T097	C0031831
27244841	1474	1487	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27244841	1491	1497	caring	T055	C0150499
27244841	1502	1510	children	T100	C0008059
27244841	1516	1519	ASD	T033	C4315362
27244841	1531	1543	primary care	T058	C0033137
27244841	1544	1553	screening	T058	C1710032
27244841	1555	1561	skills	T080	C0008973
27244841	1567	1576	knowledge	T033	C0518904
27244841	1581	1588	improve	T033	C0184511
27244841	1593	1599	timing	T079	C0449243
27244841	1603	1612	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27244841	1614	1624	initiation	T169	C1704686
27244841	1628	1637	treatment	T061	C0087111
27244841	1639	1654	quality of care	T058	C0034379
27244841	1660	1668	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27244841	1673	1681	children	T100	C0008059
27244841	1687	1690	ASD	T033	C4315362

27245100|t|Describing Self-Care Self-Efficacy: Definition, Measurement, Outcomes, and Implications
27245100|a|The pragmatic utility method of concept analysis was used to explore the usefulness of the concept self-care self-efficacy. Empirical studies across disciplines published between 1996 and 2015 were used as data. A data matrix was developed. Analytical questions and responses were derived from the data to understand patterns, develop new knowledge and achieve synthesis. Usefulness of the concept is contingent on how it is defined and measured. Self-care self-efficacy is associated with performance of self-care activities and positive health outcomes in diverse populations. Research can guide development of targeted interventions to increase patients ' self-care self-efficacy, thus reducing costs, and assisting people to achieve optimal health.
27245100	11	20	Self-Care	T056	C0036592
27245100	21	34	Self-Efficacy	T041	C0600564
27245100	36	46	Definition	T170	C1704788
27245100	48	59	Measurement	T169	C0242485
27245100	61	69	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27245100	75	87	Implications	T078	C1707478
27245100	92	116	pragmatic utility method	T062	C3658312
27245100	120	127	concept	T078	C0178566
27245100	128	136	analysis	T062	C0936012
27245100	161	171	usefulness	T080	C3827682
27245100	179	186	concept	T078	C0178566
27245100	187	196	self-care	T056	C0036592
27245100	197	210	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27245100	212	229	Empirical studies	T062	C0681812
27245100	237	248	disciplines	T090	C0005526
27245100	294	298	data	T078	C1511726
27245100	302	313	data matrix	T078	C1511726
27245100	340	349	questions	T078	C0681799
27245100	354	363	responses	T170	C1706817
27245100	386	390	data	T078	C1511726
27245100	427	436	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27245100	460	470	Usefulness	T080	C3827682
27245100	478	485	concept	T078	C0178566
27245100	535	544	Self-care	T056	C0036592
27245100	545	558	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27245100	562	577	associated with	T080	C0332281
27245100	578	589	performance	T052	C1882330
27245100	593	613	self-care activities	T056	C0563471
27245100	618	626	positive	T033	C1446409
27245100	627	642	health outcomes	T057	C3858647
27245100	646	653	diverse	T080	C1880371
27245100	654	665	populations	T098	C1257890
27245100	667	675	Research	T062	C0035168
27245100	686	697	development	T169	C1527148
27245100	710	723	interventions	T058	C0886296
27245100	736	744	patients	T101	C0030705
27245100	747	756	self-care	T056	C0036592
27245100	757	770	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27245100	777	785	reducing	T080	C0392756
27245100	786	791	costs	T081	C0010186
27245100	797	806	assisting	T058	C1280910
27245100	807	813	people	T098	C0027361
27245100	825	832	optimal	T080	C2698651
27245100	833	839	health	T078	C0018684

27245303|t|Dynamics of intestinal metabolites and morphology in response to necrotic enteritis challenge in broiler chickens
27245303|a|Despite the relatively small contribution to metabolizable energy that volatile fatty acids (VFAs) provide in chickens, these organic acids have been reported to play beneficial roles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of birds, for example, inhibition of the growth of some pathogenic bacteria. However, information regarding the dynamics of these metabolites in the GIT of chickens is still scarce, especially under disease conditions such as necrotic enteritis (NE). Here, we investigated the dynamics of VFAs and lactic acid, and intestinal morphology in response to NE predisposing factors, that is, excessive dietary fishmeal and Eimeria inoculation, and causative agent Clostridium perfringens producing NetB toxin. The experiment was designed in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with or without: fishmeal feeding, Eimeria inoculation and C. perfringens challenge. The results showed that these factors significantly influenced composition and concentration of VFAs and lactic acids, pH and histomorphometry in one way or another. These changes may be important for the onset of NE or only the synergetic responses to micro environmental stress. Eimeria appeared to be more important than fishmeal in predisposing birds to NE, thus the application of Eimeria in NE challenge provides more consistent success in inducing the disease. The metabolic responses to various adverse factors such as excessive dietary fishmeal and Eimeria infection are complex. Thus, intensive efforts are required to better understand NE so as to achieve the control of the disease in the absence of antibiotics.
27245303	0	8	Dynamics	T070	C3826426
27245303	12	22	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27245303	23	34	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27245303	39	49	morphology	T080	C0332437
27245303	53	61	response	T032	C0871261
27245303	65	83	necrotic enteritis	T047	C0267454
27245303	84	93	challenge	T058	C0805586
27245303	97	113	broiler chickens	T012	C2698565
27245303	126	136	relatively	T080	C0205345
27245303	137	142	small	T081	C0700321
27245303	143	155	contribution	T052	C1880177
27245303	159	172	metabolizable	T169	C0311400
27245303	173	179	energy	T081	C1442080
27245303	185	205	volatile fatty acids	T109,T123	C0015691
27245303	207	211	VFAs	T109,T123	C0015691
27245303	213	220	provide	T052	C1999230
27245303	224	232	chickens	T012	C2698565
27245303	240	253	organic acids	T109	C0369760
27245303	264	272	reported	T058	C0700287
27245303	281	291	beneficial	T081	C0086387
27245303	292	297	roles	T077	C1705810
27245303	305	327	gastrointestinal tract	T022	C0017189
27245303	329	332	GIT	T022	C0017189
27245303	337	342	birds	T012	C0005595
27245303	357	381	inhibition of the growth	T040	C2249823
27245303	390	400	pathogenic	T001	C0450254
27245303	401	409	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27245303	420	431	information	T078	C1533716
27245303	446	454	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27245303	464	475	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27245303	483	486	GIT	T022	C0017189
27245303	490	498	chickens	T012	C2698565
27245303	508	514	scarce	T080	C0231180
27245303	516	526	especially	T080	C0205555
27245303	533	551	disease conditions	T033	C1299555
27245303	560	578	necrotic enteritis	T047	C0267454
27245303	580	582	NE	T047	C0267454
27245303	594	606	investigated	T169	C1292732
27245303	611	619	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27245303	623	627	VFAs	T109,T123	C0015691
27245303	632	643	lactic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0064582
27245303	649	659	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27245303	660	670	morphology	T080	C0332437
27245303	674	682	response	T032	C0871261
27245303	686	688	NE	T047	C0267454
27245303	689	709	predisposing factors	T079	C0032946
27245303	720	729	excessive	T080	C0442802
27245303	730	737	dietary	T168	C0012155
27245303	738	746	fishmeal	T167	C3687772
27245303	751	758	Eimeria	T204	C0013739
27245303	759	770	inoculation	T061	C2987620
27245303	776	791	causative agent	T033	C0449411
27245303	792	815	Clostridium perfringens	T007	C0009063
27245303	826	836	NetB toxin	T116,T123,T131	C3492213
27245303	842	852	experiment	T062	C0205664
27245303	857	865	designed	T062	C0015320
27245303	881	890	factorial	UnknownType	C0681865
27245303	891	902	arrangement	T058	C0586001
27245303	906	916	treatments	T061	C0087111
27245303	934	942	fishmeal	T167	C3687772
27245303	943	950	feeding	T052	C2987508
27245303	952	959	Eimeria	T204	C0013739
27245303	960	971	inoculation	T061	C2987620
27245303	976	990	C. perfringens	T007	C0009063
27245303	991	1000	challenge	T058	C0805586
27245303	1006	1013	results	T033	C0683954
27245303	1032	1039	factors	T169	C1521761
27245303	1040	1053	significantly	T078	C0750502
27245303	1054	1064	influenced	T077	C4054723
27245303	1065	1076	composition	T201	C0486616
27245303	1081	1094	concentration	T081	C1446561
27245303	1098	1102	VFAs	T109,T123	C0015691
27245303	1107	1119	lactic acids	T109,T121,T123	C0064582
27245303	1121	1123	pH	T081	C0020283
27245303	1128	1144	histomorphometry	UnknownType	C0679557
27245303	1174	1181	changes	T169	C0392747
27245303	1189	1198	important	T080	C3898777
27245303	1207	1215	onset of	T080	C0332162
27245303	1216	1218	NE	T047	C0267454
27245303	1231	1251	synergetic responses	T032	C0871261
27245303	1255	1274	micro environmental	T082	C4072789
27245303	1275	1281	stress	T033	C0038435
27245303	1283	1290	Eimeria	T204	C0013739
27245303	1306	1310	more	T081	C0205172
27245303	1311	1320	important	T080	C3898777
27245303	1326	1334	fishmeal	T167	C3687772
27245303	1338	1350	predisposing	T169	C0231203
27245303	1351	1356	birds	T012	C0005595
27245303	1360	1362	NE	T047	C0267454
27245303	1373	1384	application	T169	C0542341
27245303	1388	1395	Eimeria	T204	C0013739
27245303	1399	1401	NE	T047	C0267454
27245303	1402	1411	challenge	T058	C0805586
27245303	1412	1420	provides	T052	C1999230
27245303	1426	1436	consistent	T078	C0332290
27245303	1437	1444	success	T080	C0679864
27245303	1448	1456	inducing	T169	C0205263
27245303	1461	1468	disease	T047	C0012634
27245303	1474	1483	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27245303	1484	1493	responses	T032	C0871261
27245303	1505	1512	adverse	T046	C0879626
27245303	1513	1520	factors	T169	C1521761
27245303	1529	1538	excessive	T080	C0442802
27245303	1539	1546	dietary	T168	C0012155
27245303	1547	1555	fishmeal	T167	C3687772
27245303	1560	1567	Eimeria	T204	C0013739
27245303	1568	1577	infection	T046	C3714514
27245303	1582	1589	complex	T080	C0439855
27245303	1597	1606	intensive	T080	C0522510
27245303	1607	1614	efforts	T040	C0015264
27245303	1619	1627	required	T169	C1514873
27245303	1631	1637	better	T080	C0332272
27245303	1638	1648	understand	T041	C0162340
27245303	1649	1651	NE	T047	C0267454
27245303	1673	1695	control of the disease	T058	C0085557
27245303	1703	1710	absence	T169	C0332197
27245303	1714	1725	antibiotics	T195	C0003232

27245335|t|The effects of paternal high-fat diet exposure on offspring metabolism with epigenetic changes in the mouse adiponectin and leptin gene promoters
27245335|a|Recent studies have demonstrated that epigenetic changes resulting from malnutrition might play important roles in transgenerational links with metabolic diseases. Previously, we observed that exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) in utero caused a metabolic syndrome -like phenomenon through epigenetic modifications of the adiponectin and leptin genes that persisted for multiple generations. Recent etiological studies indicated that paternal BMI had effects on offspring BMI that were independent of but additive to maternal BMI effects. Thus, we examined whether paternal HFD - induced obesity affected the metabolic status of offspring through epigenetic changes in the adiponectin and leptin genes. Additionally, we investigated whether a normal diet during subsequent generations abolished the epigenetic changes associated with paternal HFD exposure before conception. We observed the effects of paternal HFD exposure before conception over multiple generations on offspring metabolic traits, including weight and fat gain, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, abnormal adipocytokine levels, hypertension, and adiponectin and leptin gene expression and epigenetic changes. Normal diet consumption by male offspring during the subsequent generation following paternal HFD exposure diminished whereas consumption for two generations completely abolished the effect of paternal HFD exposure on metabolic traits and adipocytokine promoter epigenetic changes in the offspring. The effects of paternal HFD exposure on offspring were relatively weaker than those following HFD exposure in utero. However, paternal HFD exposure had an additive metabolic effect for two generations, suggesting that both paternal and maternal nutrition might affect offspring metabolism through epigenetic modifications of adipocytokine genes for multiple generations.
27245335	4	14	effects of	T080	C1704420
27245335	15	23	paternal	T080	C0337493
27245335	24	37	high-fat diet	T168	C0012155
27245335	38	46	exposure	T080	C0332157
27245335	50	59	offspring	T099	C0680063
27245335	60	70	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27245335	76	94	epigenetic changes	T045	C1516924
27245335	108	119	adiponectin	T028	C1540187
27245335	124	130	leptin	T028	C1416825
27245335	131	145	gene promoters	T028	C0314621
27245335	153	160	studies	T062	C2603343
27245335	184	202	epigenetic changes	T045	C1516924
27245335	218	230	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
27245335	252	257	roles	T077	C1705810
27245335	261	284	transgenerational links	T102	C0871541
27245335	290	308	metabolic diseases	T047	C0025517
27245335	325	333	observed	T169	C1441672
27245335	339	347	exposure	T080	C0332157
27245335	353	366	high-fat diet	T168	C0012155
27245335	368	371	HFD	T168	C0012155
27245335	373	381	in utero	T100	C1708480
27245335	382	388	caused	T169	C0015127
27245335	391	400	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27245335	401	409	syndrome	T047	C0039082
27245335	416	426	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27245335	427	434	through	T169	C0332273
27245335	435	459	epigenetic modifications	T045	C1516924
27245335	467	478	adiponectin	T028	C1540187
27245335	483	495	leptin genes	T028	C1416825
27245335	515	523	multiple	T081	C0439064
27245335	524	535	generations	T079	C0079411
27245335	544	555	etiological	T169	C0015127
27245335	556	563	studies	T062	C2603343
27245335	564	573	indicated	T033	C1444656
27245335	579	587	paternal	T080	C0337493
27245335	588	591	BMI	T201	C1305855
27245335	596	603	effects	T080	C1280500
27245335	607	616	offspring	T099	C0680063
27245335	617	620	BMI	T201	C1305855
27245335	631	645	independent of	T169	C0332291
27245335	650	658	additive	T080	C0442796
27245335	662	670	maternal	T033	C1858460
27245335	671	674	BMI	T201	C1305855
27245335	675	682	effects	T080	C1280500
27245335	710	718	paternal	T080	C0337493
27245335	719	722	HFD	T168	C0012155
27245335	725	732	induced	T169	C0205263
27245335	733	740	obesity	T047	C0028754
27245335	741	749	affected	T080	C1280500
27245335	754	763	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27245335	764	770	status	T080	C0449438
27245335	774	783	offspring	T099	C0680063
27245335	784	791	through	T169	C0332273
27245335	792	810	epigenetic changes	T045	C1516924
27245335	818	829	adiponectin	T028	C1540187
27245335	834	846	leptin genes	T028	C1416825
27245335	865	877	investigated	T169	C1292732
27245335	888	899	normal diet	T056	C0184625
27245335	900	906	during	T079	C0347984
27245335	907	929	subsequent generations	T078	C1136186
27245335	930	939	abolished	T052	C1947925
27245335	944	962	epigenetic changes	T045	C1516924
27245335	963	978	associated with	T080	C0332281
27245335	979	987	paternal	T080	C0337493
27245335	988	991	HFD	T168	C0012155
27245335	992	1000	exposure	T080	C0332157
27245335	1001	1007	before	T079	C0332152
27245335	1008	1018	conception	T040	C0009637
27245335	1023	1031	observed	T169	C1441672
27245335	1036	1046	effects of	T080	C1704420
27245335	1047	1055	paternal	T080	C0337493
27245335	1056	1059	HFD	T168	C0012155
27245335	1060	1068	exposure	T080	C0332157
27245335	1069	1075	before	T079	C0332152
27245335	1076	1086	conception	T040	C0009637
27245335	1092	1100	multiple	T081	C0439064
27245335	1101	1112	generations	T079	C0079411
27245335	1116	1125	offspring	T099	C0680063
27245335	1126	1135	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27245335	1136	1142	traits	T032	C0599883
27245335	1144	1153	including	T169	C0332257
27245335	1154	1160	weight	T033	C0043094
27245335	1165	1168	fat	T109,T121	C0015677
27245335	1169	1173	gain	T081	C1517378
27245335	1175	1194	glucose intolerance	T047	C0271650
27245335	1196	1216	hypertriglyceridemia	T047	C0020557
27245335	1218	1240	abnormal adipocytokine	T116,T123	C1955907
27245335	1241	1247	levels	T080	C0441889
27245335	1249	1261	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27245335	1267	1278	adiponectin	T028	C1540187
27245335	1283	1294	leptin gene	T028	C1416825
27245335	1295	1305	expression	T045	C0017262
27245335	1310	1328	epigenetic changes	T045	C1516924
27245335	1330	1341	Normal diet	T056	C0184625
27245335	1362	1371	offspring	T099	C0680063
27245335	1415	1423	paternal	T080	C0337493
27245335	1424	1427	HFD	T168	C0012155
27245335	1428	1436	exposure	T080	C0332157
27245335	1437	1447	diminished	T081	C0205216
27245335	1456	1467	consumption	T052	C2983605
27245335	1476	1487	generations	T079	C0079411
27245335	1499	1508	abolished	T052	C1947925
27245335	1513	1519	effect	T080	C1280500
27245335	1523	1531	paternal	T080	C0337493
27245335	1532	1535	HFD	T168	C0012155
27245335	1536	1544	exposure	T080	C0332157
27245335	1548	1557	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27245335	1558	1564	traits	T032	C0599883
27245335	1569	1582	adipocytokine	T116,T123	C1955907
27245335	1592	1610	epigenetic changes	T045	C1516924
27245335	1618	1627	offspring	T099	C0680063
27245335	1633	1643	effects of	T080	C1704420
27245335	1644	1652	paternal	T080	C0337493
27245335	1653	1656	HFD	T168	C0012155
27245335	1657	1665	exposure	T080	C0332157
27245335	1669	1678	offspring	T099	C0680063
27245335	1695	1701	weaker	T080	C1762617
27245335	1713	1722	following	T079	C0332282
27245335	1723	1726	HFD	T168	C0012155
27245335	1727	1735	exposure	T080	C0332157
27245335	1736	1744	in utero	T100	C1708480
27245335	1755	1763	paternal	T080	C0337493
27245335	1764	1767	HFD	T168	C0012155
27245335	1768	1776	exposure	T080	C0332157
27245335	1784	1792	additive	T080	C0442796
27245335	1793	1802	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27245335	1803	1809	effect	T080	C1280500
27245335	1818	1829	generations	T079	C0079411
27245335	1852	1860	paternal	T080	C0337493
27245335	1865	1873	maternal	T033	C1858460
27245335	1874	1883	nutrition	T040	C1442959
27245335	1890	1896	affect	T080	C1280500
27245335	1897	1906	offspring	T099	C0680063
27245335	1907	1917	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27245335	1918	1925	through	T169	C0332273
27245335	1926	1950	epigenetic modifications	T045	C1516924
27245335	1954	1973	adipocytokine genes	T028	C0017337
27245335	1978	1986	multiple	T081	C0439064
27245335	1987	1998	generations	T079	C0079411

27245524|t|Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
27245524|a|The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDSs) were originally described by Ehlers in Denmark and Danlos in Paris in 1898 and 1908, respectively. They had both published individual case studies in which the common factor was laxity of ligaments leading to joint hypermobility and hyperextensibility of the skin. The choice of the name of this eponymous disease had been made by Dr Parkes Weber, an eminent London physician in the 1930s, who had a penchant for eponymous diseases, having had no less than seven attributed to himself, at least in part. Unfortunately, this was before the age of a computerised literature search, and Parkes Weber had inadvertently overlooked the very first description of EDS which had been made by Tchernabogov, a Russian dermatologist, whose description was published in 1891 and remains one of the best descriptions of EDS in the literature.
27245524	0	22	Ehlers-Danlos syndrome	T047	C0013720
27245524	27	50	Ehlers-Danlos syndromes	T047	C0013720
27245524	52	56	EDSs	T047	C0013720
27245524	74	83	described	T170	C0678257
27245524	87	93	Ehlers	T016	C0086418
27245524	97	104	Denmark	T083	C0011318
27245524	109	115	Danlos	T016	C0086418
27245524	119	124	Paris	T083	C0030561
27245524	171	180	published	T057	C0034037
27245524	192	204	case studies	T170	C0085973
27245524	236	255	laxity of ligaments	T046	C0158359
27245524	267	286	joint hypermobility	T184	C0086437
27245524	291	321	hyperextensibility of the skin	T033	C0241074
27245524	341	345	name	T170	C0027365
27245524	354	371	eponymous disease	T170	C0282574
27245524	389	404	Dr Parkes Weber	T016	C0086418
27245524	417	423	London	T083	C0023973
27245524	424	433	physician	T097	C0031831
27245524	458	466	penchant	T055	C3826173
27245524	471	489	eponymous diseases	T170	C0282574
27245524	606	629	computerised literature	T170	C0023866
27245524	630	636	search	T052	C1706202
27245524	642	654	Parkes Weber	T016	C0086418
27245524	699	710	description	T170	C0678257
27245524	714	717	EDS	T047	C0013720
27245524	741	753	Tchernabogov	T016	C0086418
27245524	757	764	Russian	T098	C0337816
27245524	765	778	dermatologist	T097	C0259831
27245524	786	797	description	T170	C0678257
27245524	802	811	published	T057	C0034037
27245524	848	860	descriptions	T170	C0678257
27245524	864	867	EDS	T047	C0013720
27245524	875	885	literature	T170	C0023866

27246120|t|Assessment of laparoscopic stomach preserving surgery with sentinel basin dissection versus standard gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in early gastric cancer -A multicenter randomized phase III clinical trial (SENORITA trial) protocol
27246120|a|Along with the marked increase in early gastric cancer (EGC) in the Eastern countries, there has been an effort to adopt the sentinel node concept in EGC to preserve gastric function and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications. Based on promising results from a previous quality control study, this prospective multicenter randomized controlled phase III clinical trial aims to elucidate the oncologic safety of laparoscopic stomach-preserving surgery with sentinel basin dissection (SBD) compared to a standard laparoscopic gastrectomy. This trial is an investigator-initiated, open-label, multicenter randomized controlled phase III trial with a non-inferiority design. Patients diagnosed with a single lesion of clinical stage T1N0M0 gastric adenocarcinoma, with a diameter of 3 cm or less are eligible for the present study. A total of 580 patients (290 per group) will be randomized to either laparoscopic stomach-preserving surgery with SBD or standard surgery. The primary end-point is 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and the secondary endpoints include postoperative morbidity and mortality, quality of life, 5-year DFS, and overall survival. Qualified investigators who completed the prior quality control study are exclusively allowed to participate in this phase III clinical trial. The proposed trial is expected to verify whether laparoscopic stomach-preserving surgery with SBD achieves similar oncologic outcomes and improved quality of life compared to a standard gastrectomy in EGC patients. This study was registered at the NIH ClinicalTrial.gov database (NCT01804998) on March 4th, 2013.
27246120	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27246120	14	53	laparoscopic stomach preserving surgery	T061	C0812574
27246120	59	84	sentinel basin dissection	T061	C0242382
27246120	101	112	gastrectomy	T061	C0017118
27246120	118	133	lymphadenectomy	T061	C0024203
27246120	137	157	early gastric cancer	T191	C0349530
27246120	161	234	multicenter randomized phase III clinical trial (SENORITA trial) protocol	T062	C0282461
27246120	269	289	early gastric cancer	T191	C0349530
27246120	291	294	EGC	T191	C0349530
27246120	303	320	Eastern countries	T083	C0017446
27246120	360	373	sentinel node	T023	C1522495
27246120	385	388	EGC	T191	C0349530
27246120	401	417	gastric function	T042	C0232538
27246120	447	474	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
27246120	510	540	previous quality control study	T062	C3850080
27246120	547	617	prospective multicenter randomized controlled phase III clinical trial	T062	C0282461
27246120	640	649	oncologic	T091	C0205478
27246120	650	656	safety	T062	C1705187
27246120	660	699	laparoscopic stomach-preserving surgery	T061	C0812574
27246120	705	730	sentinel basin dissection	T061	C0242382
27246120	732	735	SBD	T061	C0242382
27246120	760	772	laparoscopic	T082	C0393360
27246120	773	784	gastrectomy	T061	C0017118
27246120	839	888	multicenter randomized controlled phase III trial	T062	C0282461
27246120	896	918	non-inferiority design	T062	C0015320
27246120	920	938	Patients diagnosed	UnknownType	C0679829
27246120	946	959	single lesion	T033	C0577304
27246120	963	984	clinical stage T1N0M0	T079	C0205563
27246120	985	1007	gastric adenocarcinoma	T191	C0278701
27246120	1092	1100	patients	T101	C0030705
27246120	1125	1135	randomized	T033	C3815594
27246120	1146	1185	laparoscopic stomach-preserving surgery	T061	C0812574
27246120	1191	1194	SBD	T061	C0242382
27246120	1198	1214	standard surgery	T061	C0017118
27246120	1248	1269	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
27246120	1271	1274	DFS	T081	C0242793
27246120	1312	1335	postoperative morbidity	T033	C1822479
27246120	1340	1349	mortality	T081	C0205848
27246120	1351	1366	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27246120	1375	1378	DFS	T081	C0242793
27246120	1384	1400	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27246120	1402	1425	Qualified investigators	T097	C0008961
27246120	1450	1471	quality control study	T169	C0034378
27246120	1519	1543	phase III clinical trial	T062	C0282461
27246120	1594	1633	laparoscopic stomach-preserving surgery	T061	C0812574
27246120	1639	1642	SBD	T061	C0242382
27246120	1660	1678	oncologic outcomes	T033	C0679250
27246120	1692	1707	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27246120	1722	1742	standard gastrectomy	T061	C0017118
27246120	1746	1749	EGC	T191	C0349530
27246120	1750	1758	patients	T101	C0030705

27247892|t|Isolation and characterization of Burkholderia sp. strain CCA53 exhibiting ligninolytic potential
27247892|a|Microbial degradation of lignin releases fermentable sugars, effective utilization of which could support biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. In the present study, a lignin-degrading bacterium was isolated from leaf soil and identified as Burkholderia sp. based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This strain was named CCA53, and its lignin-degrading capability was assessed by observing its growth on medium containing alkali lignin or lignin -associated aromatic monomers as the sole carbon source. Alkali lignin and at least eight lignin -associated aromatic monomers supported growth of this strain, and the most effective utilization was observed for p-hydroxybenzene monomers. These findings indicate that Burkholderia sp. strain CCA53 has fragmentary activity for lignin degradation.
27247892	0	9	Isolation	T169	C0205409
27247892	14	30	characterization	T052	C1880022
27247892	34	63	Burkholderia sp. strain CCA53	T007	C4130454
27247892	75	87	ligninolytic	T044	C1156998
27247892	88	97	potential	T080	C3245505
27247892	98	107	Microbial	T001	C0599840
27247892	108	119	degradation	T040	C0699900
27247892	123	129	lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
27247892	139	157	fermentable sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
27247892	159	168	effective	T080	C1704419
27247892	169	180	utilization	T169	C0457083
27247892	204	211	biofuel	T109	C2717891
27247892	212	222	production	T057	C0033268
27247892	228	243	lignocellulosic	T109	C0064974
27247892	244	251	biomass	T081	C0005535
27247892	268	273	study	T062	C2603343
27247892	277	293	lignin-degrading	T044	C1156998
27247892	294	303	bacterium	T007	C0004611
27247892	308	316	isolated	T169	C0205409
27247892	322	326	leaf	T002	C0242724
27247892	327	331	soil	T167	C0037592
27247892	350	366	Burkholderia sp.	T007	C1264855
27247892	376	384	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
27247892	385	400	gene sequencing	T059	C1294197
27247892	407	413	strain	T080	C0456178
27247892	424	429	CCA53	T007	C4130454
27247892	439	455	lignin-degrading	T044	C1156998
27247892	456	466	capability	T080	C2698977
27247892	471	479	assessed	T052	C1516048
27247892	497	503	growth	T040	C0018270
27247892	507	513	medium	T130	C0010454
27247892	525	538	alkali lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
27247892	542	548	lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
27247892	561	578	aromatic monomers	T104	C0596973
27247892	591	597	carbon	T196	C0007009
27247892	598	604	source	T033	C0449416
27247892	606	619	Alkali lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
27247892	639	645	lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
27247892	658	675	aromatic monomers	T104	C0596973
27247892	686	692	growth	T040	C0018270
27247892	701	707	strain	T080	C0456178
27247892	722	731	effective	T080	C1704419
27247892	732	743	utilization	T169	C0457083
27247892	761	786	p-hydroxybenzene monomers	T104	C0596973
27247892	794	802	findings	T033	C0243095
27247892	817	846	Burkholderia sp. strain CCA53	T007	C4130454
27247892	851	871	fragmentary activity	T052	C0441655
27247892	876	894	lignin degradation	T044	C1156998

27249024|t|Association of Metabolites with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Based on FTO Genotype
27249024|a|The single nucleotide polymorphism rs9939609 of the gene FTO, which encodes fat mass and obesity -associated protein, is strongly associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in multiple populations; however, the underlying mechanism of this association is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate FTO genotype -dependent metabolic changes in obesity and T2D. To elucidate metabolic dysregulation associated with disease risk genotype, genomic and metabolomic datasets were recruited from 2,577 participants of the Korean Association REsource (KARE) cohort, including 40 homozygous carriers of the FTO risk allele (AA), 570 heterozygous carriers (AT), and 1,967 participants carrying no risk allele (TT). A total of 134 serum metabolites were quantified using a targeted metabolomics approach. Through comparison of various statistical methods, seven metabolites were identified that are significantly altered in obesity and T2D based on the FTO risk allele (adjusted p < 0.05). These identified metabolites are relevant to phosphatidylcholine metabolic pathway, and previously reported to be metabolic markers of obesity and T2D. In conclusion, using metabolomics with the information from genome-wide association studies revealed significantly altered metabolites depending on the FTO genotype in complex disorders. This study may contribute to a better understanding of the biological mechanisms linking obesity and T2D.
27249024	15	26	Metabolites	T123	C0870883
27249024	32	39	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27249024	44	59	Type 2 Diabetes	T047	C0011860
27249024	69	72	FTO	T028	C1970415
27249024	73	81	Genotype	T032	C0017431
27249024	86	116	single nucleotide polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27249024	117	142	rs9939609 of the gene FTO	T028	C1970415
27249024	158	166	fat mass	T032	C3656665
27249024	171	178	obesity	T047	C0028754
27249024	191	198	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27249024	228	235	obesity	T047	C0028754
27249024	240	255	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27249024	257	260	T2D	T047	C0011860
27249024	274	285	populations	T098	C1257890
27249024	365	370	study	T062	C2603343
27249024	392	395	FTO	T028	C1970415
27249024	396	404	genotype	T032	C0017431
27249024	416	425	metabolic	T040	C0025519
27249024	426	433	changes	T169	C0392747
27249024	437	444	obesity	T047	C0028754
27249024	449	452	T2D	T047	C0011860
27249024	467	490	metabolic dysregulation	T046	C2362507
27249024	507	519	disease risk	T201	C0012655
27249024	520	528	genotype	T032	C0017431
27249024	530	537	genomic	T170	C0150098
27249024	542	562	metabolomic datasets	T170	C0150098
27249024	589	601	participants	T098	C0679646
27249024	609	650	Korean Association REsource (KARE) cohort	T098	C0599755
27249024	665	675	homozygous	T032	C0019904
27249024	676	684	carriers	T033	C0007294
27249024	692	695	FTO	T028	C1970415
27249024	701	712	allele (AA)	T028	C0002085
27249024	718	730	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
27249024	731	739	carriers	T033	C0007294
27249024	756	768	participants	T098	C0679646
27249024	786	797	allele (TT)	T028	C0002085
27249024	814	819	serum	T031	C0229671
27249024	820	831	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27249024	865	877	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
27249024	918	937	statistical methods	T062	C1710191
27249024	945	956	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27249024	1007	1014	obesity	T047	C0028754
27249024	1019	1022	T2D	T047	C0011860
27249024	1036	1039	FTO	T028	C1970415
27249024	1045	1051	allele	T028	C0002085
27249024	1090	1101	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27249024	1118	1137	phosphatidylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27249024	1138	1155	metabolic pathway	T169	C1291081
27249024	1187	1204	metabolic markers	T123	C1513159
27249024	1208	1215	obesity	T047	C0028754
27249024	1220	1223	T2D	T047	C0011860
27249024	1246	1258	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
27249024	1285	1316	genome-wide association studies	T063	C2350277
27249024	1348	1359	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27249024	1377	1380	FTO	T028	C1970415
27249024	1381	1389	genotype	T032	C0017431
27249024	1417	1422	study	T062	C2603343
27249024	1501	1508	obesity	T047	C0028754
27249024	1513	1516	T2D	T047	C0011860

27249236|t|Anthology of Venezuelan psychiatry
27249236|a|Reception of Psychiatry in Venezuela since the 19th Century to the late 20th Century merits a historical approach. The following work proposes to research some of the very origins of Venezuelan psychiatry and its possible influence on contemporary mental health practice. Through documental research, the early works of local authors from the 19th Century through 20th Century finals: Carlos Arvelo, Lisandro Alvarado, Francisco Herrera Luque, Jose Luis Vethencourt and Jose Solanes, are subjected to study. This journey illustrates a descriptive panoramic view which allows to better comprenhend the current state of our psychiatry. In a brief introduction the most important events are described, since the arrival of Pinel's ideas, followed by the early research paperworks published and the beginnings of the academic teachings of this specialty in Venezuela and displaying the main contemporary research groups thorough the country.
27249236	0	9	Anthology	T170	C0600644
27249236	13	23	Venezuelan	T098	C0241664
27249236	24	34	psychiatry	T091	C0033873
27249236	35	44	Reception	T080	C0205556
27249236	48	58	Psychiatry	T091	C0033873
27249236	62	71	Venezuela	T083	C0042469
27249236	181	189	research	T062	C0035168
27249236	218	228	Venezuelan	T098	C0241664
27249236	229	239	psychiatry	T091	C0033873
27249236	257	266	influence	T077	C4054723
27249236	283	305	mental health practice	T058	C0086388
27249236	340	351	early works	T057	C0043227
27249236	355	368	local authors	T097	C3812881
27249236	420	433	Carlos Arvelo	T016	C0086418
27249236	435	452	Lisandro Alvarado	T016	C0086418
27249236	454	477	Francisco Herrera Luque	T016	C0086418
27249236	479	500	Jose Luis Vethencourt	T016	C0086418
27249236	505	517	Jose Solanes	T016	C0086418
27249236	657	667	psychiatry	T091	C0033873
27249236	674	692	brief introduction	T169	C0579004
27249236	712	718	events	T051	C0441471
27249236	744	751	arrival	T052	C1706079
27249236	755	762	Pinel's	T016	C0086418
27249236	763	768	ideas	T078	C1254370
27249236	812	821	published	T057	C0034037
27249236	848	866	academic teachings	UnknownType	C0681341
27249236	888	897	Venezuela	T083	C0042469
27249236	902	912	displaying	T169	C0870432
27249236	922	950	contemporary research groups	UnknownType	C0681822
27249236	951	971	thorough the country	T083	C0042469

27249559|t|Study of the Microfocus X-Ray Tube Based on a Point-Like Target Used for Micro-Computed Tomography
27249559|a|For a micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) system, the microfocus X-ray tube is an essential component because the spatial resolution of CT images, in theory, is mainly determined by the size and stability of the X-ray focal spot of the microfocus X-ray tube. However, many factors, including voltage fluctuations, mechanical vibrations, and temperature changes, can cause the size and the stability of the X-ray focal spot to degrade. A new microfocus X-ray tube based on a point-like micro-target in which the X-ray target is irradiated with an unfocused electron beam was investigated. EGS4 Monte Carlo simulation code was employed for the calculation of the X-ray intensity produced from the point-like micro-target and the substrate. The effects of several arrangements of the target material, target and beam size were studied. The simulation results demonstrated that if the intensity of X-rays generated at the point-like target is greater than half of the X-ray intensity produced on the substrate, the X-ray focal spot is determined in part by the point-like target rather than by the electron beam in the conventional X-ray tube. In theory, since it is able to reduce those unfavorable effects such as the electron beam trajectory swinging and the beam size changing for the microfocus X-ray tube, it could alleviate CT image artifacts caused by the X-ray focal spot shift and size change.
27249559	0	5	Study	T059	C0947630
27249559	13	23	Microfocus	T082	C0205234
27249559	24	34	X-Ray Tube	T074	C0184486
27249559	46	63	Point-Like Target	T169	C1521840
27249559	73	98	Micro-Computed Tomography	T060	C2350281
27249559	105	148	micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) system	T060	C2350281
27249559	154	164	microfocus	T082	C0205234
27249559	165	175	X-ray tube	T074	C0184486
27249559	182	191	essential	T080	C0205224
27249559	214	221	spatial	T082	C1254362
27249559	222	232	resolution	T081	C1706463
27249559	236	238	CT	T060	C0040405
27249559	239	245	images	T170	C1704254
27249559	250	256	theory	T078	C0871935
27249559	286	290	size	T082	C0456389
27249559	295	304	stability	T080	C0205360
27249559	312	317	X-ray	T060	C0043299
27249559	318	328	focal spot	T082	C0205146
27249559	336	346	microfocus	T082	C0205234
27249559	347	357	X-ray tube	T074	C0184486
27249559	373	380	factors	T169	C1521761
27249559	392	399	voltage	T081	C0598352
27249559	400	412	fluctuations	T079	C0231241
27249559	414	424	mechanical	T070	C0376706
27249559	425	435	vibrations	T070	C0459800
27249559	441	460	temperature changes	T080	C0450031
27249559	466	471	cause	T078	C0085978
27249559	476	480	size	T082	C0456389
27249559	489	498	stability	T080	C0205360
27249559	506	511	X-ray	T060	C0043299
27249559	512	522	focal spot	T082	C0205146
27249559	526	533	degrade	T067	C1254366
27249559	541	551	microfocus	T082	C0205234
27249559	552	562	X-ray tube	T074	C0184486
27249559	574	597	point-like micro-target	T169	C1521840
27249559	611	616	X-ray	T060	C0043299
27249559	617	623	target	T169	C1521840
27249559	627	637	irradiated	T067	C1254366
27249559	656	669	electron beam	T073	C0013840
27249559	674	686	investigated	T169	C1292732
27249559	688	720	EGS4 Monte Carlo simulation code	T081	C0026507
27249559	742	753	calculation	T052	C1441506
27249559	761	766	X-ray	T060	C0043299
27249559	767	776	intensity	T070	C0596836
27249559	795	818	point-like micro-target	T169	C1521840
27249559	827	836	substrate	T167	C3891814
27249559	842	852	effects of	T080	C1704420
27249559	881	887	target	T169	C1521840
27249559	888	896	material	T167	C0520510
27249559	898	904	target	T169	C1521840
27249559	909	913	beam	T073	C0013840
27249559	914	918	size	T082	C0456389
27249559	924	931	studied	T059	C0947630
27249559	937	947	simulation	T062	C0679083
27249559	948	955	results	T169	C1274040
27249559	981	990	intensity	T070	C0596836
27249559	994	1000	X-rays	T060	C0043299
27249559	1001	1010	generated	T080	C2346631
27249559	1018	1035	point-like target	T169	C1521840
27249559	1039	1051	greater than	T081	C0439093
27249559	1064	1069	X-ray	T060	C0043299
27249559	1070	1079	intensity	T070	C0596836
27249559	1096	1105	substrate	T167	C3891814
27249559	1111	1116	X-ray	T060	C0043299
27249559	1117	1127	focal spot	T082	C0205146
27249559	1157	1174	point-like target	T169	C1521840
27249559	1194	1207	electron beam	T073	C0013840
27249559	1215	1227	conventional	T080	C0439858
27249559	1228	1238	X-ray tube	T074	C0184486
27249559	1243	1249	theory	T078	C0871935
27249559	1271	1277	reduce	T080	C0392756
27249559	1296	1303	effects	T080	C1280500
27249559	1316	1349	electron beam trajectory swinging	T033	C0243095
27249559	1358	1362	beam	T073	C0013840
27249559	1363	1367	size	T082	C0456389
27249559	1368	1376	changing	T169	C0392747
27249559	1385	1395	microfocus	T082	C0205234
27249559	1396	1406	X-ray tube	T074	C0184486
27249559	1417	1426	alleviate	T080	C0392756
27249559	1427	1429	CT	T060	C0040405
27249559	1430	1435	image	T170	C1704254
27249559	1436	1445	artifacts	T068	C0085089
27249559	1446	1452	caused	T078	C0085978
27249559	1460	1465	X-ray	T060	C0043299
27249559	1466	1476	focal spot	T082	C0205146
27249559	1477	1482	shift	T033	C3845720
27249559	1487	1498	size change	T081	C0541591

27250037|t|How variation between individuals affects species coexistence
27250037|a|Although the effects of variation between individuals within species are traditionally ignored in studies of species coexistence, the magnitude of intraspecific variation in nature is forcing ecologists to reconsider. Compelling intuitive arguments suggest that individual variation may provide a previously unrecognised route to diversity maintenance by blurring species - level competitive differences or substituting for species - level niche differences. These arguments, which are motivating a large body of empirical work, have rarely been evaluated with quantitative theory. Here we incorporate intraspecific variation into a common model of competition and identify three pathways by which this variation affects coexistence: (1) changes in competitive dynamics because of nonlinear averaging, (2) changes in species ' mean interaction strengths because of variation in underlying traits (also via nonlinear averaging) and (3) effects on stochastic demography. As a consequence of the first two mechanisms, we find that intraspecific variation in competitive ability increases the dominance of superior competitors, and intraspecific niche variation reduces species - level niche differentiation, both of which make coexistence more difficult. In addition, individual variation can exacerbate the effects of demographic stochasticity, and this further destabilises coexistence. Our work provides a theoretical foundation for emerging empirical interests in the effects of intraspecific variation on species diversity.
27250037	4	13	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	14	21	between	T082	C0205103
27250037	22	33	individuals	T098	C0237401
27250037	34	41	affects	T080	C1280500
27250037	42	49	species	T185	C1705920
27250037	50	61	coexistence	T081	C1547035
27250037	75	82	effects	T080	C1280500
27250037	86	95	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	96	103	between	T082	C0205103
27250037	104	115	individuals	T098	C0237401
27250037	123	130	species	T185	C1705920
27250037	135	148	traditionally	T169	C0443324
27250037	149	156	ignored	T078	C1554079
27250037	160	167	studies	T062	C2603343
27250037	171	178	species	T185	C1705920
27250037	179	190	coexistence	T081	C1547035
27250037	196	205	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27250037	209	222	intraspecific	T169	C0205245
27250037	223	232	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	236	242	nature	T078	C0349590
27250037	246	253	forcing	T169	C0443221
27250037	254	264	ecologists	T097	C0259852
27250037	268	278	reconsider	T169	C0699752
27250037	291	300	intuitive	T055	C0021619
27250037	301	310	arguments	T054	C0680226
27250037	311	318	suggest	T078	C1705535
27250037	324	334	individual	T098	C0237401
27250037	335	344	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	349	356	provide	T052	C1999230
27250037	383	388	route	T082	C0449444
27250037	392	401	diversity	T080	C0282469
27250037	402	413	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27250037	417	425	blurring	T080	C1511231
27250037	426	433	species	T185	C1705920
27250037	436	441	level	T080	C0441889
27250037	442	453	competitive	T054	C0679932
27250037	454	465	differences	T080	C1705242
27250037	469	481	substituting	T169	C0559956
27250037	486	493	species	T185	C1705920
27250037	496	501	level	T080	C0441889
27250037	502	507	niche	T169	C0205245
27250037	508	519	differences	T080	C1705242
27250037	527	536	arguments	T054	C0680226
27250037	548	558	motivating	T041	C0026605
27250037	561	566	large	T081	C0549177
27250037	567	571	body	T082	C0678594
27250037	575	584	empirical	T080	C1880496
27250037	585	589	work	T057	C0043227
27250037	596	602	rarely	T080	C0522498
27250037	608	617	evaluated	T081	C0034384
27250037	623	635	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27250037	636	642	theory	T078	C0871935
27250037	664	677	intraspecific	T169	C0205245
27250037	678	687	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	695	701	common	T081	C0205214
27250037	702	707	model	T170	C3161035
27250037	711	722	competition	T054	C0679932
27250037	727	735	identify	T080	C0205396
27250037	742	750	pathways	T077	C1705987
27250037	765	774	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	775	782	affects	T080	C1280500
27250037	783	794	coexistence	T081	C1547035
27250037	800	807	changes	T169	C0392747
27250037	811	822	competitive	T054	C0679932
27250037	823	831	dynamics	T170	C0206166
27250037	853	862	averaging	T081	C1510992
27250037	868	875	changes	T169	C0392747
27250037	879	886	species	T185	C1705920
27250037	889	893	mean	T081	C2347634
27250037	894	905	interaction	T169	C1704675
27250037	906	915	strengths	T078	C0808080
27250037	927	936	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	951	957	traits	T032	C0599883
27250037	978	987	averaging	T081	C1510992
27250037	997	1004	effects	T080	C1280500
27250037	1008	1029	stochastic demography	T062	C0871922
27250037	1036	1050	consequence of	T169	C0686907
27250037	1065	1075	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27250037	1080	1084	find	T033	C0243095
27250037	1090	1103	intraspecific	T169	C0205245
27250037	1104	1113	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	1117	1128	competitive	T054	C0679932
27250037	1129	1136	ability	T032	C0085732
27250037	1137	1146	increases	T169	C0442805
27250037	1151	1160	dominance	T078	C0870441
27250037	1164	1172	superior	T080	C0205164
27250037	1173	1184	competitors	T098	C1257890
27250037	1190	1203	intraspecific	T169	C0205245
27250037	1204	1209	niche	T169	C0205245
27250037	1210	1219	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	1220	1227	reduces	T080	C0392756
27250037	1228	1235	species	T185	C1705920
27250037	1238	1243	level	T080	C0441889
27250037	1244	1249	niche	T169	C0205245
27250037	1250	1265	differentiation	T169	C2945687
27250037	1267	1271	both	T080	C1706086
27250037	1286	1297	coexistence	T081	C1547035
27250037	1298	1302	more	T081	C0205172
27250037	1303	1312	difficult	T080	C0332218
27250037	1327	1337	individual	T098	C0237401
27250037	1338	1347	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	1352	1362	exacerbate	T169	C0442805
27250037	1367	1374	effects	T080	C1280500
27250037	1378	1403	demographic stochasticity	T062	C0871922
27250037	1422	1434	destabilises	T169	C1883709
27250037	1435	1446	coexistence	T081	C1547035
27250037	1452	1456	work	T057	C0043227
27250037	1457	1465	provides	T052	C1999230
27250037	1468	1490	theoretical foundation	T062,T170	C0039778
27250037	1504	1513	empirical	T080	C1880496
27250037	1514	1523	interests	T041	C0543488
27250037	1531	1538	effects	T080	C1280500
27250037	1542	1555	intraspecific	T169	C0205245
27250037	1556	1565	variation	T080	C0205419
27250037	1569	1576	species	T185	C1705920
27250037	1577	1586	diversity	T080	C0282469

27250793|t|Intracellular Metabolism of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds, Acrolein, Crotonaldehyde and Methyl Vinyl Ketone, Active Toxicants in Cigarette Smoke: Participation of Glutathione Conjugation Ability and Aldehyde-Ketone Sensitive Reductase Activity
27250793|a|The major toxicants in cigarette smoke, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, such as acrolein (ACR) and crotonaldehyde (CA), and α,β-unsaturated ketone, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), are known to form Michael-type adducts with glutathione (GSH) and consequently cause intracellular GSH depletion, which is involved in cigarette smoke - induced cytotoxicity. We have previously clarified that exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) of a mouse melanoma cell culture medium causes rapid reduction of intracellular GSH levels, and that the GSH - MVK adduct can be detected by LC/MS analysis while the GSH - CA adduct is hardly detected. In the present study, to clarify why the GSH - CA adduct is difficult to detect in the cell medium, we conducted detailed investigation of the structures of the reaction products of ACR, CA, MVK and CSE in the GSH solution or the cell culture medium. The mass spectra indicated that in the presence of the cells, the GSH - CA and GSH - ACR adducts were almost not detected while their corresponding alcohols were detected. On the other hand, both the GSH - MVK adducts and their reduced products were detected. In the absence of the cells, the reaction of GSH with all α,β-unsaturated carbonyls produced only their corresponding adducts. These results show that the GSH adducts of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, CA and ACR, are quickly reduced by certain intracellular carbonyl reductase(s) and excreted from the cells, unlike the GSH adduct of α,β-unsaturated ketone, MVK. Such a difference in reactivity to the carbonyl reductase might be related to differences in the cytotoxicity of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones.
27250793	0	24	Intracellular Metabolism	T043	C1524026
27250793	28	62	α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds	T109	C0596258
27250793	64	72	Acrolein	T109,T130	C0001204
27250793	74	88	Crotonaldehyde	T109,T131	C0045968
27250793	93	112	Methyl Vinyl Ketone	T109	C0047269
27250793	114	120	Active	T169	C0205177
27250793	121	130	Toxicants	T131	C0599787
27250793	134	149	Cigarette Smoke	T131	C0239059
27250793	168	179	Glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	180	191	Conjugation	T044	C1148560
27250793	204	248	Aldehyde-Ketone Sensitive Reductase Activity	T044	C1151208
27250793	259	268	toxicants	T131	C0599787
27250793	272	287	cigarette smoke	T131	C0239059
27250793	289	314	α,β-unsaturated aldehydes	T109	C0001992
27250793	324	332	acrolein	T109,T130	C0001204
27250793	334	337	ACR	T109,T130	C0001204
27250793	343	357	crotonaldehyde	T109,T131	C0045968
27250793	359	361	CA	T109,T131	C0045968
27250793	368	390	α,β-unsaturated ketone	T109	C0022634
27250793	392	411	methyl vinyl ketone	T109	C0047269
27250793	413	416	MVK	T109	C0047269
27250793	437	457	Michael-type adducts	T104	C0596040
27250793	463	474	glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	476	479	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	504	517	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27250793	518	521	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	522	531	depletion	T169	C0333668
27250793	554	569	cigarette smoke	T131	C0239059
27250793	572	579	induced	T169	C0205263
27250793	580	592	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27250793	628	639	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27250793	640	663	cigarette smoke extract	T131	C0239059
27250793	665	668	CSE	T131	C0239059
27250793	675	680	mouse	T015	C0025929
27250793	681	694	melanoma cell	T025	C1513095
27250793	695	709	culture medium	T130	C0010454
27250793	723	732	reduction	T080	C0392756
27250793	736	749	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27250793	750	753	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	754	760	levels	T080	C0441889
27250793	775	778	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	781	784	MVK	T109	C0047269
27250793	785	791	adduct	T104	C0596040
27250793	799	807	detected	T033	C0442726
27250793	811	825	LC/MS analysis	T059	C0872318
27250793	836	839	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	842	844	CA	T109,T131	C0045968
27250793	845	851	adduct	T104	C0596040
27250793	862	870	detected	T033	C0442726
27250793	887	892	study	T062	C2603343
27250793	913	916	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	919	921	CA	T109,T131	C0045968
27250793	922	928	adduct	T104	C0596040
27250793	945	951	detect	T033	C0442726
27250793	959	963	cell	T025	C1513095
27250793	964	970	medium	T130	C0010454
27250793	994	1007	investigation	T169	C1292732
27250793	1015	1025	structures	T082	C0026377
27250793	1033	1050	reaction products	T104	C0596040
27250793	1054	1057	ACR	T109,T130	C0001204
27250793	1059	1061	CA	T109,T131	C0045968
27250793	1063	1066	MVK	T109	C0047269
27250793	1071	1074	CSE	T131	C0239059
27250793	1082	1085	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	1086	1094	solution	T167	C0037633
27250793	1102	1106	cell	T025	C1513095
27250793	1107	1121	culture medium	T130	C0010454
27250793	1127	1139	mass spectra	T059	C0037813
27250793	1162	1170	presence	T080	C3854307
27250793	1178	1183	cells	T025	C1513095
27250793	1189	1192	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	1195	1197	CA	T109,T131	C0045968
27250793	1202	1205	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	1208	1211	ACR	T109,T130	C0001204
27250793	1212	1219	adducts	T104	C0596040
27250793	1236	1244	detected	T033	C0442726
27250793	1257	1279	corresponding alcohols	T109,T121	C0001975
27250793	1285	1293	detected	T033	C0442726
27250793	1323	1326	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	1329	1332	MVK	T109	C0047269
27250793	1333	1340	adducts	T104	C0596040
27250793	1351	1367	reduced products	T071	C1514468
27250793	1373	1381	detected	T033	C0442726
27250793	1405	1410	cells	T025	C1513095
27250793	1416	1424	reaction	T169	C0443286
27250793	1428	1431	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	1441	1466	α,β-unsaturated carbonyls	T109	C0596258
27250793	1501	1508	adducts	T104	C0596040
27250793	1516	1523	results	T169	C1274040
27250793	1538	1541	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	1542	1549	adducts	T104	C0596040
27250793	1553	1578	α,β-unsaturated aldehydes	T109	C0001992
27250793	1580	1582	CA	T109,T131	C0045968
27250793	1587	1590	ACR	T109,T130	C0001204
27250793	1604	1611	reduced	T070	C0301630
27250793	1623	1636	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27250793	1637	1658	carbonyl reductase(s)	T116,T126	C1135630
27250793	1681	1686	cells	T025	C1513095
27250793	1699	1702	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27250793	1703	1709	adduct	T104	C0596040
27250793	1713	1735	α,β-unsaturated ketone	T109	C0022634
27250793	1737	1740	MVK	T109	C0047269
27250793	1763	1773	reactivity	T169	C0443286
27250793	1781	1799	carbonyl reductase	T044	C1151208
27250793	1839	1851	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27250793	1855	1880	α,β-unsaturated aldehydes	T109	C0001992
27250793	1885	1892	ketones	T109	C0022634

27250823|t|Diagnostic utility of additional conventional techniques after endobronchial ultrasonography guidance during transbronchial biopsy
27250823|a|Endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath transbronchial biopsy (EBUS - GS TBB) has been used to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs). In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic utility of conventional TBB after EBUS - GS TBB. A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent conventional TBB after EBUS - GS TBB for PPL between August 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014. We performed multivariate analysis to examine the association of various clinical factors, including EBUS probe distance and sample size area, with diagnostic yield. Of 88 eligible patients, 57 (65%) were successfully diagnosed by EBUS - GS TBB. In 31 patients not diagnosed by EBUS - GS TBB, 15 (48%) were successfully diagnosed by additional conventional TBB. Ground glass opacity (GGO) was a significant factor associated with the diagnostic yield of additional conventional TBB following EBUS - GS TBB. Multivariate analysis and receiver operator curves revealed that distance between the PPL and the EBUS probe of less than 2.55 mm favored the utility of conventional TBB. Additional conventional TBB after EBUS - GS TBB could be a useful procedure for the diagnosis of ground glass opacity PPLs and in cases of a distance of less than 2.55 mm between the EBUS probe and the lesion.
27250823	0	10	Diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27250823	11	18	utility	T169	C0457083
27250823	33	45	conventional	T081	C0205214
27250823	46	56	techniques	T060	C0430022
27250823	63	92	endobronchial ultrasonography	T060	C2959489
27250823	93	101	guidance	T058	C0150600
27250823	109	130	transbronchial biopsy	T060	C0863477
27250823	131	160	Endobronchial ultrasonography	T060	C2959489
27250823	168	180	guide sheath	T074	C0025080
27250823	181	202	transbronchial biopsy	T060	C0863477
27250823	204	208	EBUS	T060	C2959489
27250823	211	213	GS	T074	C0025080
27250823	214	217	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	236	244	diagnose	T033	C0011900
27250823	245	273	peripheral pulmonary lesions	T033	C0577916
27250823	275	279	PPLs	T033	C0577916
27250823	290	295	study	T062	C2603343
27250823	314	324	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27250823	325	332	utility	T169	C0457083
27250823	336	348	conventional	T081	C0205214
27250823	349	352	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	359	363	EBUS	T060	C2959489
27250823	366	368	GS	T074	C0025080
27250823	369	372	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	376	398	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
27250823	402	410	patients	T101	C0030705
27250823	425	437	conventional	T081	C0205214
27250823	438	441	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	448	452	EBUS	T060	C2959489
27250823	455	457	GS	T074	C0025080
27250823	458	461	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	466	469	PPL	T033	C0577916
27250823	529	550	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27250823	566	577	association	T080	C0439849
27250823	589	597	clinical	T080	C0205210
27250823	598	605	factors	T169	C1521761
27250823	617	621	EBUS	T060	C2959489
27250823	622	627	probe	T074	C0182400
27250823	628	636	distance	T081	C0012751
27250823	641	652	sample size	T081	C0242618
27250823	653	657	area	T082	C0205146
27250823	664	680	diagnostic yield	T080	C0205556
27250823	697	705	patients	T101	C0030705
27250823	734	743	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27250823	747	751	EBUS	T060	C2959489
27250823	754	756	GS	T074	C0025080
27250823	757	760	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	768	776	patients	T101	C0030705
27250823	781	790	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27250823	794	798	EBUS	T060	C2959489
27250823	801	803	GS	T074	C0025080
27250823	804	807	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	836	845	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27250823	860	872	conventional	T081	C0205214
27250823	873	876	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	878	898	Ground glass opacity	T033	C3827002
27250823	900	903	GGO	T033	C3827002
27250823	911	922	significant	T078	C0750502
27250823	923	929	factor	T169	C1521761
27250823	950	966	diagnostic yield	T080	C0205556
27250823	981	993	conventional	T081	C0205214
27250823	994	997	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	1008	1012	EBUS	T060	C2959489
27250823	1015	1017	GS	T074	C0025080
27250823	1018	1021	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	1023	1044	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27250823	1049	1073	receiver operator curves	T081	C0035787
27250823	1088	1096	distance	T081	C0012751
27250823	1109	1112	PPL	T033	C0577916
27250823	1121	1125	EBUS	T060	C2959489
27250823	1126	1131	probe	T074	C0182400
27250823	1165	1172	utility	T169	C0457083
27250823	1176	1188	conventional	T081	C0205214
27250823	1189	1192	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	1205	1217	conventional	T081	C0205214
27250823	1218	1221	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	1228	1232	EBUS	T060	C2959489
27250823	1235	1237	GS	T074	C0025080
27250823	1238	1241	TBB	T060	C0863477
27250823	1260	1269	procedure	T060	C0430022
27250823	1278	1287	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27250823	1291	1311	ground glass opacity	T033	C3827002
27250823	1312	1316	PPLs	T033	C0577916
27250823	1324	1329	cases	T169	C0868928
27250823	1335	1343	distance	T081	C0012751
27250823	1377	1381	EBUS	T060	C2959489
27250823	1382	1387	probe	T074	C0182400
27250823	1396	1402	lesion	T033	C0577916

27250949|t|Strategies for Assaying Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization
27250949|a|Late endosomal organelles have an acidic pH and contain hydrolytic enzymes to degrade cargo delivered either from the extracellular environment by endocytosis or from within the cell itself by autophagy. In the event of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), the contents of late endosomes and lysosomes can be released into the cytosol and then initiate apoptosis. Compounds that can trigger LMP are therefore candidates for the induction of apoptosis, in particular in anticancer therapy. Alternatively, drug-delivery systems, such as nanoparticles, can have side effects that can include LMP, which has toxic consequences for the cells. To determine when, to what extent, and with what consequences LMP occurs is therefore of paramount importance for the evaluation of new potentially LMP - inducing compounds. In this introduction, we provide an overview of some basic assays for assessing LMP, such as staining with lysosomotropic dyes and measurement of cysteine cathepsin activity, and discuss additional strategies for the detection of the release of endogenous lysosomal molecules or preloaded exogenous tracers into the cytosol.
27250949	0	10	Strategies	T061	C0184661
27250949	15	23	Assaying	T059	C1510438
27250949	24	42	Lysosomal Membrane	T026	C0230812
27250949	43	59	Permeabilization	T043	C0007613
27250949	60	74	Late endosomal	T026	C1166848
27250949	75	85	organelles	T026	C0029219
27250949	94	103	acidic pH	T081	C0020283
27250949	116	134	hydrolytic enzymes	T116,T126	C0020289
27250949	138	145	degrade	T169	C0243125
27250949	178	191	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27250949	192	203	environment	T082	C0014406
27250949	207	218	endocytosis	T043	C0014139
27250949	238	242	cell	T025	C0007634
27250949	253	262	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27250949	280	298	lysosomal membrane	T026	C0230812
27250949	299	315	permeabilization	T043	C0007613
27250949	317	320	LMP	T043	C0007613
27250949	339	353	late endosomes	T026	C1166848
27250949	358	367	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
27250949	393	400	cytosol	T026	C1383501
27250949	419	428	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27250949	430	439	Compounds	T080	C0205198
27250949	457	460	LMP	T043	C0007613
27250949	494	503	induction	T169	C0205263
27250949	507	516	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27250949	535	553	anticancer therapy	T061	C0920425
27250949	570	591	drug-delivery systems	T074	C0085104
27250949	601	614	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27250949	655	658	LMP	T043	C0007613
27250949	670	688	toxic consequences	T037	C0600688
27250949	697	702	cells	T025	C0007634
27250949	753	765	consequences	T078	C1547646
27250949	766	769	LMP	T043	C0007613
27250949	793	813	paramount importance	T080	C3898777
27250949	822	832	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27250949	836	839	new	T080	C0205314
27250949	840	851	potentially	T080	C3245505
27250949	852	855	LMP	T043	C0007613
27250949	858	876	inducing compounds	T080	C0205198
27250949	931	943	basic assays	T059	C1510438
27250949	948	957	assessing	T058	C0184514
27250949	958	961	LMP	T043	C0007613
27250949	985	1004	lysosomotropic dyes	T130	C0013343
27250949	1024	1032	cysteine	T116,T123	C0010654
27250949	1033	1042	cathepsin	T116,T126	C0007428
27250949	1043	1051	activity	T044	C0243102
27250949	1076	1086	strategies	T061	C0184661
27250949	1095	1104	detection	T061	C1511790
27250949	1112	1119	release	T169	C1283071
27250949	1123	1133	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27250949	1134	1143	lysosomal	T026	C0024369
27250949	1144	1153	molecules	T167	C0567416
27250949	1167	1176	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27250949	1177	1184	tracers	T130	C1522485
27250949	1194	1201	cytosol	T026	C1383501

27251117|t|Active diffusion and microtubule-based transport oppose myosin forces to position organelles in cells
27251117|a|Even distribution of peroxisomes (POs) and lipid droplets (LDs) is critical to their role in lipid and reactive oxygen species homeostasis. How even distribution is achieved remains elusive, but diffusive motion and directed motility may play a role. Here we show that in the fungus Ustilago maydis ~95% of POs and LDs undergo diffusive motions. These movements require ATP and involve bidirectional early endosome motility, indicating that microtubule - associated membrane trafficking enhances diffusion of organelles. When early endosome transport is abolished, POs and LDs drift slowly towards the growing cell end. This pole-ward drift is facilitated by anterograde delivery of secretory cargo to the cell tip by myosin-5. Modelling reveals that microtubule-based directed transport and active diffusion support distribution, mobility and mixing of POs. In mammalian COS-7 cells, microtubules and F-actin also counteract each other to distribute POs. This highlights the importance of opposing cytoskeletal forces in organelle positioning in eukaryotes.
27251117	0	6	Active	T169	C0205177
27251117	7	16	diffusion	T070	C0012222
27251117	21	48	microtubule-based transport	T043	C2755890
27251117	56	62	myosin	T116,T123	C0033684
27251117	63	69	forces	T067	C0441722
27251117	73	81	position	T082	C0733755
27251117	82	92	organelles	T026	C0029219
27251117	96	101	cells	T025	C0007634
27251117	107	119	distribution	T169	C1704711
27251117	123	134	peroxisomes	T026	C0752063
27251117	136	139	POs	T026	C0752063
27251117	145	159	lipid droplets	T026	C0230704
27251117	161	164	LDs	T026	C0230704
27251117	187	191	role	T077	C1705810
27251117	195	200	lipid	T109	C0023779
27251117	205	228	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27251117	229	240	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27251117	251	263	distribution	T169	C1704711
27251117	297	313	diffusive motion	T070	C0012222
27251117	327	335	motility	T040	C0007608
27251117	347	351	role	T077	C1705810
27251117	378	384	fungus	T004	C0016832
27251117	385	400	Ustilago maydis	T004	C0446013
27251117	409	412	POs	T026	C0752063
27251117	417	420	LDs	T026	C0230704
27251117	429	446	diffusive motions	T070	C0012222
27251117	454	463	movements	T040	C0007608
27251117	472	475	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27251117	488	501	bidirectional	T080	C1706937
27251117	508	516	endosome	T026	C0034850
27251117	517	525	motility	T040	C0007608
27251117	543	554	microtubule	T026	C0026046
27251117	557	567	associated	T080	C0332281
27251117	568	576	membrane	T026	C0596901
27251117	577	588	trafficking	T043	C0599896
27251117	589	597	enhances	T052	C2349975
27251117	598	607	diffusion	T070	C0012222
27251117	611	621	organelles	T026	C0029219
27251117	634	652	endosome transport	T043	C1156042
27251117	667	670	POs	T026	C0752063
27251117	675	678	LDs	T026	C0230704
27251117	704	720	growing cell end	T026	C3159038
27251117	727	742	pole-ward drift	T043	C0007613
27251117	761	781	anterograde delivery	T043	C0598952
27251117	785	800	secretory cargo	T116,T123	C0597427
27251117	808	816	cell tip	T026	C1656978
27251117	820	828	myosin-5	T116,T126	C0969679
27251117	830	839	Modelling	T062	C0870071
27251117	853	889	microtubule-based directed transport	T043	C2755890
27251117	894	900	active	T169	C0205177
27251117	901	910	diffusion	T070	C0012222
27251117	919	931	distribution	T169	C1704711
27251117	933	941	mobility	T043	C1516353
27251117	956	959	POs	T026	C0752063
27251117	964	973	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27251117	974	985	COS-7 cells	T025	C1257858
27251117	987	999	microtubules	T026	C0026046
27251117	1004	1011	F-actin	T116,T123	C1180307
27251117	1042	1052	distribute	T169	C1704711
27251117	1053	1056	POs	T026	C0752063
27251117	1101	1113	cytoskeletal	T026	C0010853
27251117	1114	1120	forces	T067	C0441722
27251117	1124	1133	organelle	T026	C0029219
27251117	1134	1145	positioning	T082	C0733755
27251117	1149	1159	eukaryotes	T204	C0684063

27251157|t|Stimulation of cell proliferation by glutathione monoethyl ester in aged bone marrow stromal cells is associated with the assistance of TERT gene expression and telomerase activity
27251157|a|The proliferation and differentiation potential of aged bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are significantly reduced. In order to improve the performance of the aged BMSCs, these cells were treated with 2 mM glutathione monoethyl ester (GSH-MEE) for 24 h. Proliferation rate, telomerase activity, telomere length, and differentiation to cholinergic neuron-like cells (CNLCs) were observed to increase. Though, the expression level of telomerase reverse transcriptase gene increased, but CTC1 and TEN1 genes from Ctc1-Stn1-Ten1 complex encoding proteins with regulatory function significantly decreased. Trypan blue exclusion assay was used to analyze the proliferation and, while telomere length, its several related gene expressions, and telomerase activity were measured using the real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques, respectively. CNLCs differentiation potential was evaluated by estimating the percentage of choline acetyltransferase immunereactive cells .The results suggested that GSH-MEE could improve aged rat BMSC properties and would be of potential benefit for enhancing the performance of aged people's BMSCs.
27251157	0	11	Stimulation	T169	C1704686
27251157	15	33	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27251157	37	64	glutathione monoethyl ester	T116,T121	C0073870
27251157	68	98	aged bone marrow stromal cells	T025	C1640380
27251157	102	117	associated with	T080	C0332281
27251157	136	140	TERT	T028	C1367342
27251157	141	156	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27251157	161	180	telomerase activity	T045	C1148756
27251157	185	198	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27251157	203	218	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27251157	219	228	potential	T080	C3245505
27251157	232	262	aged bone marrow stromal cells	T025	C1640380
27251157	264	269	BMSCs	T025	C1640380
27251157	289	296	reduced	T080	C0392756
27251157	310	317	improve	T033	C0184511
27251157	341	345	aged	T032	C0001779
27251157	346	351	BMSCs	T025	C1640380
27251157	359	364	cells	T025	C0007634
27251157	370	377	treated	T169	C1522326
27251157	388	415	glutathione monoethyl ester	T116,T121	C0073870
27251157	417	424	GSH-MEE	T116,T121	C0073870
27251157	436	449	Proliferation	T043	C0596290
27251157	450	454	rate	T081	C1521828
27251157	456	475	telomerase activity	T045	C1148756
27251157	477	485	telomere	T026	C0085187
27251157	486	492	length	T081	C1444754
27251157	498	513	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27251157	517	546	cholinergic neuron-like cells	T025	C2333949
27251157	548	553	CNLCs	T025	C2333949
27251157	572	580	increase	T169	C0442805
27251157	594	610	expression level	T081	C3244092
27251157	614	651	telomerase reverse transcriptase gene	T028	C1367342
27251157	652	661	increased	T169	C0442805
27251157	667	671	CTC1	T028	C1824460
27251157	676	686	TEN1 genes	T028	C2751072
27251157	692	714	Ctc1-Stn1-Ten1 complex	T026	C0243092
27251157	715	723	encoding	T052	C2700640
27251157	724	732	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27251157	738	757	regulatory function	T045	C0017263
27251157	772	781	decreased	T081	C0205216
27251157	783	810	Trypan blue exclusion assay	T059	C0005507
27251157	835	848	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27251157	860	868	telomere	T026	C0085187
27251157	869	875	length	T081	C1444754
27251157	897	913	gene expressions	T045	C0017262
27251157	919	938	telomerase activity	T045	C1148756
27251157	963	1020	real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0599161
27251157	1025	1050	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27251157	1051	1095	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques	T059	C0014441
27251157	1111	1116	CNLCs	T025	C2333949
27251157	1117	1132	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27251157	1133	1142	potential	T080	C3245505
27251157	1189	1214	choline acetyltransferase	T028	C1413376
27251157	1215	1235	immunereactive cells	T025	C0007634
27251157	1264	1271	GSH-MEE	T116,T121	C0073870
27251157	1278	1285	improve	T033	C0184511
27251157	1291	1294	rat	T015	C0034721
27251157	1295	1299	BMSC	T025	C1640380
27251157	1300	1310	properties	T080	C0871161
27251157	1337	1344	benefit	T081	C0814225
27251157	1349	1358	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27251157	1378	1391	aged people's	T098	C0027361
27251157	1392	1397	BMSCs	T025	C1640380

27251364|t|Wild food plants and fungi used in the mycophilous Tibetan community of Zhagana (Tewo County, Gansu, China)
27251364|a|The aim of the study was to investigate knowledge and use of wild food plants and fungi in a highland valley in the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Region on the north-eastern edges of the Tibetan Plateau. Field research was carried out in four neighbouring villages in a mountain valley of the Diebu (Tewo) county, surrounded by spruce forests. The study consisted of 30 interviews with single informants, or group interviews (altogether 63 informants). Apart from collecting voucher specimens, we also identified fungi using DNA barcoding. We recorded the use of 54 species of vascular plants. We also recorded the use of 22 mushroom taxa, which made up the largest category of wild foods. Fruits formed the largest category of food plants, with 21 species, larger than the wild greens category, which consisted of 20 species eaten after boiling or frying and 7 as raw snacks. We also recorded the alimentary use of 10 species of edible flowers and 3 species with underground edible organs. On average, 20.8 edible taxa were listed per interview (median - 21). The most listed category of wild foods was green vegetables (mean - 7.5 species, median - 8 species), but fruits and mushrooms were listed nearly as frequently (mean - 6.3, median - 6 and mean - 5.8, - median 6 respectively). Other category lists were very short, e.g., flowers (mean - 1.3, median - 1) and underground edible parts (mean - 0.7, median - 1). Wild vegetables are usually boiled and/or fried and served as side-dishes, or their green parts are eaten as snacks during mountain treks (e.g., peeled rhubarb shoots). Wild fruits are mainly collected by children and eaten raw, they are not stored for further use. The most widely used wild staple foods are Potetilla anserina roots, an important ceremonial food served on such occasions as New Year or at funerals. They are boiled and served with sugar and butter. The most important famine plants remembered by people are the aerial bulbils of Persicaria vivipara. Flowers are used as children's snacks - their nectar is sucked. The number of wild taxa eaten in the studied valley is similar to that of other Tibetan areas. The structure of wild food plant taxa is also very typical for Tibetan speaking areas (e.g., the use of rhubarb shoots, Potentilla anserina, Persicaria vivipara). The studied community show a high level of mycophilia.
27251364	0	16	Wild food plants	T168	C0032099
27251364	21	26	fungi	T004	C0016832
27251364	39	50	mycophilous	T168	C0678206
27251364	51	58	Tibetan	T083	C0040182
27251364	59	68	community	T096	C0009462
27251364	72	79	Zhagana	T083	C0017446
27251364	81	92	Tewo County	T083	C0017446
27251364	94	99	Gansu	T083	C0017446
27251364	101	106	China	T083	C0008115
27251364	123	128	study	T062	C2603343
27251364	136	147	investigate	T169	C1292732
27251364	148	157	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27251364	169	185	wild food plants	T168	C0032099
27251364	190	195	fungi	T004	C0016832
27251364	210	216	valley	T082	C0563004
27251364	224	256	Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Region	T083	C0017446
27251364	291	306	Tibetan Plateau	T083	C0040182
27251364	308	322	Field research	UnknownType	C0683945
27251364	360	368	villages	T083	C0562518
27251364	374	382	mountain	T083	C0442533
27251364	383	389	valley	T082	C0563004
27251364	397	416	Diebu (Tewo) county	T083	C0017446
27251364	432	446	spruce forests	T070	C0086312
27251364	452	457	study	T062	C2603343
27251364	474	484	interviews	T052	C0021822
27251364	497	507	informants	T169	C1550484
27251364	512	528	group interviews	T062	C0018260
27251364	544	554	informants	T169	C1550484
27251364	587	596	specimens	T167	C0370003
27251364	617	622	fungi	T004	C0016832
27251364	629	642	DNA barcoding	T062	C2936547
27251364	670	677	species	T185	C1705920
27251364	681	696	vascular plants	T002	C0682475
27251364	729	742	mushroom taxa	T168	C0678206
27251364	782	792	wild foods	T168	C0016452
27251364	794	800	Fruits	T168	C0016767
27251364	832	843	food plants	T168	C0032099
27251364	853	860	species	T185	C1705920
27251364	878	889	wild greens	T002	C0330098
27251364	922	929	species	T185	C1705920
27251364	930	935	eaten	T040	C0013470
27251364	942	949	boiling	T057	C0578393
27251364	953	959	frying	T057	C0578393
27251364	969	972	raw	T080	C1709843
27251364	973	979	snacks	T168	C0453863
27251364	1023	1030	species	T185	C1705920
27251364	1034	1048	edible flowers	T002	C0330090
27251364	1055	1062	species	T185	C1705920
27251364	1080	1093	edible organs	T168	C0032099
27251364	1112	1123	edible taxa	T168	C0032099
27251364	1140	1149	interview	T052	C0021822
27251364	1193	1203	wild foods	T168	C0016452
27251364	1208	1224	green vegetables	T168	C2348898
27251364	1237	1244	species	T185	C1705920
27251364	1257	1264	species	T185	C1705920
27251364	1271	1277	fruits	T168	C0016767
27251364	1282	1291	mushrooms	T168	C0678206
27251364	1435	1442	flowers	T002	C0330090
27251364	1484	1496	edible parts	T168	C0032099
27251364	1523	1538	Wild vegetables	T168	C0042440
27251364	1551	1557	boiled	T080	C0205556
27251364	1565	1570	fried	T080	C0205556
27251364	1575	1581	served	T057	C0578393
27251364	1607	1618	green parts	T002	C0032098
27251364	1623	1628	eaten	T040	C0013470
27251364	1632	1638	snacks	T168	C0453863
27251364	1646	1654	mountain	T083	C0442533
27251364	1655	1660	treks	T056	C2584300
27251364	1668	1689	peeled rhubarb shoots	T002	C2700376
27251364	1692	1703	Wild fruits	T168	C0016767
27251364	1728	1736	children	T100	C0008059
27251364	1741	1746	eaten	T040	C0013470
27251364	1747	1750	raw	T080	C1709843
27251364	1810	1827	wild staple foods	T168	C0016452
27251364	1832	1850	Potetilla anserina	T002	C1020468
27251364	1851	1856	roots	T002	C0242726
27251364	1871	1886	ceremonial food	T168	C0016452
27251364	1887	1893	served	T057	C0578393
27251364	1902	1911	occasions	T051	C0441471
27251364	1930	1938	funerals	T054	C0870591
27251364	1949	1955	boiled	T080	C0205556
27251364	1960	1966	served	T057	C0578393
27251364	1972	1977	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27251364	1982	1988	butter	T168	C0006494
27251364	2009	2015	famine	T067	C0015619
27251364	2016	2022	plants	T002	C0032098
27251364	2037	2043	people	T098	C0027361
27251364	2052	2066	aerial bulbils	T002	C0032098
27251364	2070	2089	Persicaria vivipara	T002	C1925203
27251364	2091	2098	Flowers	T002	C0330090
27251364	2111	2121	children's	T100	C0008059
27251364	2122	2128	snacks	T168	C0453863
27251364	2137	2143	nectar	T123	C2717960
27251364	2169	2178	wild taxa	T002	C0330098
27251364	2179	2184	eaten	T040	C0013470
27251364	2200	2206	valley	T082	C0563004
27251364	2235	2248	Tibetan areas	T083	C0040182
27251364	2267	2282	wild food plant	T168	C0032099
27251364	2313	2320	Tibetan	T171	C0040183
27251364	2330	2335	areas	T083	C0017446
27251364	2354	2368	rhubarb shoots	T002	C2700376
27251364	2370	2389	Potentilla anserina	T002	C1020468
27251364	2391	2410	Persicaria vivipara	T002	C1925203
27251364	2425	2434	community	T096	C0009462
27251364	2456	2466	mycophilia	T168	C0678206

27251800|t|Early assessment of bilateral inguinal hernia repair: A comparison between the laparoscopic total extraperitoneal and Stoppa approaches
27251800|a|The present clinical trial was designed to compare the results of bilateral inguinal hernia repair between patients who underwent the conventional Stoppa technique and laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair (LTE) with a single mesh and without staple fixation. This controlled, randomised clinical trial was conducted at General Surgery and Trauma of the Clinics Hospital, Medical School, the University of Sγo Paulo between September 2010 and February 2011. Totally, 50 male patients, with a bilateral inguinal hernia, older than 25 years were considered eligible for the study. The following parameters were analysed during the early post-operative period: (1) The intensity of surgical trauma, operation time, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, white blood cell count, bleeding and pain intensity; (2) quality of life assessment; and (3) post-operative complications. LTE procedure was longer than the Stoppa procedure (134.6 min ΁ 38.3 vs. 90.6 min ΁ 41.3; P < 0.05). The levels of CRP were higher in the Stoppa group (P < 0.05) but the number of leucocytes, haematocrit, and haemoglobin were similar between the groups (P > 0.05). There was no difference in pain during the 1 st and 7 th post-operative, physical functioning, physical limitation, the impact of pain on daily activities, and the Carolinas Comfort Scale during the 7 th and 15 th post-operative (P > 0.05). Complications occurred in 88% of Stoppa group (22 patients) and 64% in LTE group (16 patients) (P < 0.05). The comparative study between the Stoppa and LTE approaches for the bilateral inguinal hernia repair demonstrated that: (1) The LTE approach showed less surgical trauma despite the longer operation time; (2) Quality of life during the early post-operative period were similar; and (3) Complication rates were higher in the Stoppa group.
27251800	0	5	Early	T079	C1279919
27251800	6	16	assessment	T058	C0220825
27251800	20	52	bilateral inguinal hernia repair	T061	C0198737
27251800	56	66	comparison	T052	C1707455
27251800	79	113	laparoscopic total extraperitoneal	T061	C0087111
27251800	118	135	Stoppa approaches	T061	C0087111
27251800	140	147	present	T079	C0521116
27251800	148	162	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27251800	179	186	compare	T052	C1707455
27251800	191	198	results	T169	C1274040
27251800	202	234	bilateral inguinal hernia repair	T061	C0198737
27251800	243	251	patients	T101	C0030705
27251800	270	282	conventional	T169	C0443177
27251800	283	299	Stoppa technique	T061	C0087111
27251800	304	345	laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair	T061	C0521293
27251800	347	350	LTE	T061	C0521293
27251800	366	370	mesh	T074	C0181805
27251800	383	398	staple fixation	T061	C1293125
27251800	417	427	randomised	T062	C0034656
27251800	428	442	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27251800	460	510	General Surgery and Trauma of the Clinics Hospital	T093	C1708333
27251800	512	526	Medical School	T093	C1708333
27251800	532	555	University of Sγo Paulo	T093	C1708333
27251800	610	614	male	T032	C0086582
27251800	615	623	patients	T101	C0030705
27251800	632	657	bilateral inguinal hernia	T190	C0267672
27251800	673	678	years	T079	C0439234
27251800	695	703	eligible	T080	C1548635
27251800	712	717	study	T062	C2603343
27251800	733	743	parameters	T077	C0549193
27251800	749	757	analysed	T062	C0936012
27251800	769	774	early	T079	C1279919
27251800	775	796	post-operative period	T079	C0032790
27251800	806	815	intensity	T080	C0522510
27251800	819	834	surgical trauma	T033	C4060629
27251800	836	850	operation time	T079	C3494201
27251800	852	870	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
27251800	872	875	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
27251800	877	883	levels	T080	C0441889
27251800	885	907	white blood cell count	T059	C0023508
27251800	909	917	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27251800	922	936	pain intensity	T201	C1320357
27251800	942	957	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27251800	958	968	assessment	T058	C0220825
27251800	978	1006	post-operative complications	T046	C0032787
27251800	1008	1021	LTE procedure	T061	C0521293
27251800	1026	1032	longer	T080	C0205166
27251800	1042	1058	Stoppa procedure	T061	C0087111
27251800	1113	1119	levels	T080	C0441889
27251800	1123	1126	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
27251800	1132	1138	higher	T080	C0205250
27251800	1146	1152	Stoppa	T061	C0087111
27251800	1153	1158	group	T078	C0441833
27251800	1188	1198	leucocytes	T025	C0023516
27251800	1200	1211	haematocrit	T033	C0518014
27251800	1217	1228	haemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
27251800	1234	1241	similar	T080	C2348205
27251800	1254	1260	groups	T078	C0441833
27251800	1283	1296	no difference	T033	C3842396
27251800	1300	1304	pain	T184	C0030193
27251800	1330	1344	post-operative	T033	C0241311
27251800	1346	1366	physical functioning	T033	C0516981
27251800	1368	1387	physical limitation	T169	C0449295
27251800	1393	1399	impact	T080	C4049986
27251800	1403	1407	pain	T184	C0030193
27251800	1411	1427	daily activities	T056	C0871707
27251800	1437	1460	Carolinas Comfort Scale	T170	C0349674
27251800	1487	1501	post-operative	T033	C0241311
27251800	1514	1527	Complications	T046	C0009566
27251800	1547	1553	Stoppa	T061	C0087111
27251800	1554	1559	group	T078	C0441833
27251800	1564	1572	patients	T101	C0030705
27251800	1585	1588	LTE	T061	C0521293
27251800	1589	1594	group	T078	C0441833
27251800	1599	1607	patients	T101	C0030705
27251800	1625	1642	comparative study	T062	C1579762
27251800	1655	1661	Stoppa	T061	C0087111
27251800	1666	1669	LTE	T061	C0521293
27251800	1689	1721	bilateral inguinal hernia repair	T061	C0198737
27251800	1749	1752	LTE	T061	C0521293
27251800	1774	1789	surgical trauma	T033	C4060629
27251800	1802	1808	longer	T080	C0205166
27251800	1809	1823	operation time	T079	C3494201
27251800	1829	1844	Quality of life	T078	C0034380
27251800	1856	1861	early	T079	C1279919
27251800	1862	1883	post-operative period	T079	C0032790
27251800	1889	1896	similar	T080	C2348205
27251800	1906	1918	Complication	T046	C0009566
27251800	1919	1924	rates	T081	C1521828
27251800	1930	1936	higher	T080	C0205250
27251800	1944	1950	Stoppa	T061	C0087111
27251800	1951	1956	group	T078	C0441833

27251918|t|The role of catheter ablation in the management of atrial fibrillation
27251918|a|Atrial fibrillation is driven by spontaneous electrical activation emerging from the pulmonary veins. Catheter ablation using either radiofrequency or cryothermal energy electrically isolates these veins from the left atrium, both reducing the burden of atrial fibrillation episodes and improving the patient's symptoms. Catheter ablation is superior to antiarryhthmic drugs when patients are carefully selected. Underlying medical problems - including obesity, hypertension and obstructive sleep apnoea - should be optimally treated before considering ablation. Although this treatment has the potential to cure patients of their symptoms, they should be aware of the important associated procedural complications.
27251918	12	29	catheter ablation	T061	C0162563
27251918	37	47	management	T058	C0376636
27251918	51	70	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27251918	71	90	Atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27251918	116	137	electrical activation	T040	C1658783
27251918	156	171	pulmonary veins	T023	C0034090
27251918	173	190	Catheter ablation	T061	C0162563
27251918	204	218	radiofrequency	T061	C0850292
27251918	222	240	cryothermal energy	T061	C0010412
27251918	241	253	electrically	T169	C0442828
27251918	254	262	isolates	T169	C0205409
27251918	269	274	veins	T023	C0034090
27251918	284	295	left atrium	T023	C0225860
27251918	302	310	reducing	T080	C0392756
27251918	315	321	burden	T078	C2828008
27251918	325	344	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27251918	345	353	episodes	T079	C1254367
27251918	372	381	patient's	T101	C0030705
27251918	382	390	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27251918	392	409	Catheter ablation	T061	C0162563
27251918	425	445	antiarryhthmic drugs	T121	C0003195
27251918	451	459	patients	T101	C0030705
27251918	495	511	medical problems	T201	C1715372
27251918	524	531	obesity	T047	C0028754
27251918	533	545	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27251918	550	574	obstructive sleep apnoea	T047	C0520679
27251918	597	604	treated	T169	C1522326
27251918	624	632	ablation	T061	C0547070
27251918	648	657	treatment	T061	C0087111
27251918	666	675	potential	T080	C3245505
27251918	679	683	cure	T077	C1880198
27251918	684	692	patients	T101	C0030705
27251918	702	710	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27251918	761	785	procedural complications	T033	C0742724

27252074|t|The Chinese Herbal Mixture Tien-Hsien Liquid Augments the Anticancer Immunity in Tumor Cell - Vaccinated Mice
27252074|a|Background The Chinese herbal mixture, Tien-Hsien liquid (THL), has been used as an anticancer dietary supplement for more than 20 years. Our previous studies have shown that THL can modulate immune response and inhibit tumor growth. In this study, we further evaluated the effect of THL on anticancer immune response in mice vaccinated with γ-ray - irradiated tumor cells. Methods The antitumor effect of THL was determined in mice vaccinated with low-tumorigenic CT-26-low colon cancer cells or γ-ray-irradiated high-tumorigenic CT-26-high colon cancer cells. The number of natural killer (NK) cells and T lymphocytes in the spleen was analyzed by flow cytometry. The tumor - killing activities of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) were analyzed by flow cytometry using YAC-1 and CT-26-high cells, respectively, as target cells. The levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Results THL suppressed the growth of CT-26-high tumor in mice previously vaccinated with low-tumorigenic CT-26-low cells or γ-irradiated CT-26-high cells. THL increased the populations of NK cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes in the spleen and enhanced the tumor - killing activities of NK cells and CTL in mice vaccinated with γ-irradiated CT-26-high cells. THL increased the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α in mice vaccinated with γ-irradiated CT-26-high cells. Conclusion THL can enhance the antitumor immune responses in mice vaccinated with killed tumor cells. These results suggest that THL may be used as a complementary medicine for cancer patients previously treated with killed tumor cell vaccines, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy.
27252074	4	18	Chinese Herbal	T080	C3146288
27252074	19	26	Mixture	T167	C0439962
27252074	27	44	Tien-Hsien Liquid	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	45	53	Augments	T081	C0205217
27252074	58	68	Anticancer	T080	C2986475
27252074	69	77	Immunity	T039	C0020964
27252074	81	91	Tumor Cell	T025	C0597032
27252074	94	104	Vaccinated	T033	C1116171
27252074	105	109	Mice	T015	C0025929
27252074	125	139	Chinese herbal	T080	C3146288
27252074	140	147	mixture	T167	C0439962
27252074	149	166	Tien-Hsien liquid	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	168	171	THL	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	194	204	anticancer	T080	C2986475
27252074	205	223	dietary supplement	T168	C0242295
27252074	241	246	years	T079	C0439234
27252074	252	260	previous	T079	C0205156
27252074	261	268	studies	T062	C2603343
27252074	285	288	THL	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	293	301	modulate	T082	C0443264
27252074	302	317	immune response	T042	C0301872
27252074	322	329	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27252074	330	342	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27252074	352	357	study	T062	C2603343
27252074	370	379	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27252074	384	390	effect	T080	C1280500
27252074	394	397	THL	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	401	411	anticancer	T080	C2986475
27252074	412	427	immune response	T042	C0301872
27252074	431	435	mice	T015	C0025929
27252074	436	446	vaccinated	T033	C1116171
27252074	452	457	γ-ray	T070	C0017011
27252074	460	470	irradiated	T070	C1282930
27252074	471	482	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27252074	496	505	antitumor	T080	C2986475
27252074	506	512	effect	T080	C1280500
27252074	516	519	THL	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	524	534	determined	T080	C0521095
27252074	538	542	mice	T015	C0025929
27252074	543	553	vaccinated	T033	C1116171
27252074	559	603	low-tumorigenic CT-26-low colon cancer cells	T025	C0085983
27252074	607	623	γ-ray-irradiated	T061	C2985557
27252074	624	670	high-tumorigenic CT-26-high colon cancer cells	T025	C0085983
27252074	676	682	number	T081	C0237753
27252074	686	711	natural killer (NK) cells	T025	C0022688
27252074	716	729	T lymphocytes	T025	C0039194
27252074	737	743	spleen	T023	C0037993
27252074	748	756	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27252074	760	774	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27252074	780	785	tumor	T191	C0027651
27252074	788	795	killing	T043	C0599733
27252074	796	806	activities	T052	C0441655
27252074	810	818	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27252074	823	846	cytotoxic T lymphocytes	T025	C0039195
27252074	848	852	CTLs	T025	C0039195
27252074	859	867	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27252074	871	885	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27252074	892	897	YAC-1	T025	C0085983
27252074	902	918	CT-26-high cells	T025	C0085983
27252074	937	943	target	T169	C1521840
27252074	944	949	cells	T025	C0007634
27252074	955	961	levels	T080	C0441889
27252074	965	970	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27252074	972	976	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27252074	982	987	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27252074	993	1006	determined by	T080	C0521095
27252074	1007	1012	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27252074	1022	1025	THL	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	1026	1036	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27252074	1041	1047	growth	T040	C0018270
27252074	1051	1067	CT-26-high tumor	T025	C0085983
27252074	1071	1075	mice	T015	C0025929
27252074	1087	1097	vaccinated	T033	C1116171
27252074	1103	1134	low-tumorigenic CT-26-low cells	T025	C0085983
27252074	1138	1150	γ-irradiated	T061	C2985557
27252074	1151	1167	CT-26-high cells	T025	C0085983
27252074	1169	1172	THL	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	1173	1182	increased	T081	C0205217
27252074	1202	1210	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27252074	1215	1233	CD4+ T lymphocytes	T025	C0039215
27252074	1241	1247	spleen	T023	C0037993
27252074	1252	1260	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27252074	1265	1270	tumor	T191	C0027651
27252074	1273	1280	killing	T043	C0599733
27252074	1281	1291	activities	T052	C0441655
27252074	1295	1303	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27252074	1308	1311	CTL	T025	C0039195
27252074	1315	1319	mice	T015	C0025929
27252074	1320	1330	vaccinated	T033	C1116171
27252074	1336	1348	γ-irradiated	T061	C2985557
27252074	1349	1365	CT-26-high cells	T025	C0085983
27252074	1367	1370	THL	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	1371	1380	increased	T081	C0205217
27252074	1385	1395	production	T169	C0205245
27252074	1399	1404	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27252074	1406	1410	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27252074	1416	1421	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27252074	1425	1429	mice	T015	C0025929
27252074	1430	1440	vaccinated	T033	C1116171
27252074	1446	1458	γ-irradiated	T061	C2985557
27252074	1459	1475	CT-26-high cells	T025	C0085983
27252074	1488	1491	THL	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	1496	1503	enhance	T052	C2349975
27252074	1508	1517	antitumor	T080	C2986475
27252074	1518	1534	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27252074	1538	1542	mice	T015	C0025929
27252074	1543	1553	vaccinated	T033	C1116171
27252074	1559	1565	killed	T169	C0205245
27252074	1566	1577	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27252074	1585	1592	results	T169	C1274040
27252074	1606	1609	THL	T109,T121	C1528399
27252074	1627	1649	complementary medicine	T091	C1148474
27252074	1654	1660	cancer	T191	C0006826
27252074	1661	1669	patients	T101	C0030705
27252074	1670	1680	previously	T079	C0205156
27252074	1681	1688	treated	T169	C1522326
27252074	1694	1720	killed tumor cell vaccines	T116,T121,T129	C0376659
27252074	1722	1734	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27252074	1739	1751	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472

27252099|t|Comparison of Head Elevation Protocols Following Femoral Artery Sheath Removal After Coronary Angiography
27252099|a|To compare 2 standard protocols for head elevation following removal of a femoral artery sheath after coronary angiography and their effects on bleeding complications and reported levels of back pain. One protocol involved flat supine bed rest; the other allowed progressive head elevation. A prospective comparative study of 80 adult patients undergoing coronary angiography via the femoral approach. The Numeric Rating Scale was used as the measure of reported pain. No bleeding complications occurred in either group. Both groups had very low mean pain scores. Repeated- measures analysis demonstrated that the experience of pain differed significantly over time by location (F5,70 = 3.864, P = .004), with a notable decrease in pain scores more than 1 hour after sheath removal at the location that used the progressive head elevation protocol. Patients ' satisfaction scores after discharge did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. Patients with a history of chronic back pain had consistently higher pain scores, but those pain scores did not differ significantly by location (or protocol). It appears that using a progressive head - elevation protocol within the first 3 hours after diagnostic angiography is not associated with an increased risk of bleeding complications at the access site and warrants further exploration in the mitigation of back pain associated with prolonged supine bed rest.
27252099	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27252099	14	18	Head	T029	C0018670
27252099	19	38	Elevation Protocols	T061	C0439775
27252099	49	70	Femoral Artery Sheath	T023	C0015801
27252099	71	78	Removal	T061	C0015252
27252099	85	105	Coronary Angiography	T060	C0085532
27252099	109	116	compare	T052	C1707455
27252099	128	137	protocols	T061	C0008971
27252099	142	146	head	T029	C0018670
27252099	147	156	elevation	T061	C0439775
27252099	180	201	femoral artery sheath	T023	C0015801
27252099	208	228	coronary angiography	T060	C0085532
27252099	239	246	effects	T080	C1280500
27252099	250	258	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27252099	259	272	complications	T046	C0009566
27252099	296	305	back pain	T184	C0004604
27252099	311	319	protocol	T061	C0008971
27252099	334	340	supine	T082	C0038846
27252099	341	349	bed rest	T061	C0004910
27252099	381	385	head	T029	C0018670
27252099	386	395	elevation	T061	C0439775
27252099	411	428	comparative study	T062	C1579762
27252099	435	440	adult	T100	C0001675
27252099	441	449	patients	T101	C0030705
27252099	461	481	coronary angiography	T060	C0085532
27252099	490	497	femoral	T023	C0015811
27252099	498	506	approach	T082	C0449445
27252099	512	532	Numeric Rating Scale	T170	C4050142
27252099	549	556	measure	T081	C0079809
27252099	569	573	pain	T184	C0030193
27252099	578	586	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27252099	587	600	complications	T046	C0009566
27252099	620	625	group	T078	C0441833
27252099	632	638	groups	T078	C0441833
27252099	648	651	low	T080	C0205251
27252099	652	656	mean	T081	C0444504
27252099	657	668	pain scores	T033	C0582148
27252099	680	688	measures	T169	C1879489
27252099	689	697	analysis	T062	C0936012
27252099	734	738	pain	T184	C0030193
27252099	767	771	time	T079	C0040223
27252099	775	783	location	T029	C1515974
27252099	826	834	decrease	T081	C0547047
27252099	838	849	pain scores	T033	C0582148
27252099	862	866	hour	T079	C0439227
27252099	873	879	sheath	T023	C0015801
27252099	880	887	removal	T061	C0015252
27252099	895	903	location	T029	C1515974
27252099	930	934	head	T029	C0018670
27252099	935	953	elevation protocol	T061	C0439775
27252099	955	963	Patients	T101	C0030705
27252099	979	985	scores	T081	C0449820
27252099	1045	1051	groups	T078	C0441833
27252099	1053	1061	Patients	T101	C0030705
27252099	1069	1076	history	T033	C0262926
27252099	1080	1087	chronic	T079	C0205191
27252099	1088	1097	back pain	T184	C0004604
27252099	1122	1133	pain scores	T033	C0582148
27252099	1145	1156	pain scores	T033	C0582148
27252099	1189	1197	location	T029	C1515974
27252099	1202	1210	protocol	T061	C0008971
27252099	1249	1253	head	T029	C0018670
27252099	1256	1274	elevation protocol	T061	C0439775
27252099	1294	1299	hours	T079	C0439227
27252099	1306	1316	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27252099	1317	1328	angiography	T060	C0002978
27252099	1365	1369	risk	T078	C0035647
27252099	1373	1381	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27252099	1382	1395	complications	T046	C0009566
27252099	1403	1414	access site	T082	C0589360
27252099	1455	1465	mitigation	T080	C0205556
27252099	1469	1478	back pain	T184	C0004604
27252099	1495	1504	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27252099	1505	1511	supine	T082	C0038846
27252099	1512	1520	bed rest	T061	C0004910

27252199|t|Morphological characteristics regulating phallic glans engorgement in the American alligator
27252199|a|The distal part of the crocodilian phallus consists of a bulbous glans containing well-developed vascular tissues that can inflate before or during sexual activity, enlarging and elaborating the glans into a complex, though still functionally undefined, copulatory structure. An enlarged glans putatively interacts with the female cloaca and may change the shape of her reproductive tract to facilitate insemination and increase the probability of fertilization. Here, we investigated the cellular-level properties of the glans and other inflatable phallic tissues associated with the sperm -conducting sulcus spermaticus in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Using histochemical staining, we visualized and defined collagen and elastin fiber densities and orientations in these tissues. Extracellular matrix architectures provided insights about phallic glans material properties and how they may affect tissue strength and flexibility during inflation and in response to copulatory forces. We also investigated the potential sources of fluids that induce inflation in alligator phalli. Combining serial sectioning and three-dimensional reconstruction, we identified a pair of supracrucal plexus vascular bodies at the proximal end of the alligator phallus that extend distally adjacent to ventro-medial sulcus tissues. Together, our gross and histological examination of the American alligator phallic glans suggests that its tissues are arranged in a manner that would allow vascular inflation to expand the glans to a specific and repeatable shape, and potentially release secretory products into the female reproductive tract. Both elements could play roles in postcopulatory sexual selection, by mechanically and/or chemically affecting female reproductive physiology.
27252199	0	13	Morphological	T082	C0543482
27252199	14	29	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27252199	41	54	phallic glans	T023	C0227948
27252199	55	66	engorgement	T047	C0020452
27252199	74	92	American alligator	T014	C0327167
27252199	97	108	distal part	T082	C0205108
27252199	116	127	crocodilian	T014	C0327160
27252199	128	135	phallus	T023	C0030851
27252199	150	163	bulbous glans	T023	C0227948
27252199	190	206	vascular tissues	T024	C1511228
27252199	241	256	sexual activity	T053	C0036864
27252199	258	267	enlarging	T080	C0442800
27252199	288	293	glans	T023	C1550261
27252199	301	308	complex	T080	C0439855
27252199	323	335	functionally	T169	C0205245
27252199	336	345	undefined	T078	C0750600
27252199	347	357	copulatory	T054	C1325873
27252199	372	380	enlarged	T080	C0442800
27252199	381	386	glans	T023	C1550261
27252199	398	407	interacts	T169	C1704675
27252199	417	423	female	T032	C0086287
27252199	424	430	cloaca	T023	C0008987
27252199	439	445	change	T169	C0392747
27252199	450	455	shape	T082	C0332479
27252199	459	481	her reproductive tract	T022	C0700038
27252199	496	508	insemination	T042	C0021586
27252199	513	521	increase	T169	C0442805
27252199	526	537	probability	T081	C0033204
27252199	541	554	fertilization	T040	C0015914
27252199	582	607	cellular-level properties	T043	C0007613
27252199	615	620	glans	T023	C1550261
27252199	631	657	inflatable phallic tissues	T024	C0040300
27252199	678	683	sperm	T025	C0037868
27252199	696	702	sulcus	T030	C1184482
27252199	703	714	spermaticus	T023	C0037855
27252199	722	740	American alligator	T014	C0327167
27252199	742	768	Alligator mississippiensis	T014	C0327167
27252199	777	799	histochemical staining	T059	C0200825
27252199	827	835	collagen	T116	C0009325
27252199	840	853	elastin fiber	T024	C0230899
27252199	854	863	densities	T081	C0178587
27252199	868	880	orientations	T082	C1704322
27252199	890	897	tissues	T024	C0040300
27252199	899	919	Extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27252199	958	971	phallic glans	T023	C0227948
27252199	1009	1015	affect	T169	C0392760
27252199	1016	1022	tissue	T024	C0040300
27252199	1023	1031	strength	T081	C0237897
27252199	1036	1047	flexibility	T080	C0242808
27252199	1084	1094	copulatory	T054	C1325873
27252199	1095	1101	forces	T067	C0441722
27252199	1128	1137	potential	T080	C3245505
27252199	1149	1155	fluids	T167	C0302908
27252199	1161	1167	induce	T169	C0205263
27252199	1181	1190	alligator	T014	C0002123
27252199	1191	1197	phalli	T023	C0030851
27252199	1209	1226	serial sectioning	T059	C0022885
27252199	1231	1263	three-dimensional reconstruction	T059	C0022885
27252199	1289	1316	supracrucal plexus vascular	T023	C0501402
27252199	1317	1323	bodies	T026	C1995017
27252199	1351	1360	alligator	T014	C0002123
27252199	1361	1368	phallus	T023	C0030851
27252199	1381	1398	distally adjacent	T082	C1254362
27252199	1402	1430	ventro-medial sulcus tissues	T024	C0040300
27252199	1446	1451	gross	T080	C0439806
27252199	1456	1480	histological examination	T033	C0449575
27252199	1488	1506	American alligator	T014	C0327167
27252199	1507	1520	phallic glans	T023	C0227948
27252199	1539	1546	tissues	T024	C0040300
27252199	1589	1597	vascular	T023	C0005847
27252199	1622	1627	glans	T023	C1550261
27252199	1657	1662	shape	T082	C0332479
27252199	1668	1679	potentially	T080	C3245505
27252199	1688	1706	secretory products	T026	C0243092
27252199	1716	1741	female reproductive tract	T022	C0700038
27252199	1777	1791	postcopulatory	T054	C1325873
27252199	1792	1808	sexual selection	T054	C1720879
27252199	1813	1825	mechanically	T169	C0443254
27252199	1844	1884	affecting female reproductive physiology	T039	C1517151

27252416|t|Heterogeneous Mechanisms of Primary and Acquired Resistance to Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitors
27252416|a|To identify novel mechanisms of resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors in patients with lung adenocarcinoma that progressed under therapy with either AZD9291 or rociletinib (CO-1686). We analyzed tumor biopsies from seven patients obtained before, during, and/or after treatment with AZD9291 or rociletinib (CO-1686). Targeted sequencing and FISH analyses were performed, and the relevance of candidate genes was functionally assessed in in vitro models. We found recurrent amplification of either MET or ERBB2 in tumors that were resistant or developed resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors and show that ERBB2 and MET activation can confer resistance to these compounds. Furthermore, we identified a KRAS(G12S) mutation in a patient with acquired resistance to AZD9291 as a potential driver of acquired resistance. Finally, we show that dual inhibition of EGFR /MEK might be a viable strategy to overcome resistance in EGFR-mutant cells expressing mutant KRAS CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that heterogeneous mechanisms of resistance can drive primary and acquired resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors and provide a rationale for potential combination strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 1-11. ©2016 AACR.
27252416	0	24	Heterogeneous Mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27252416	28	59	Primary and Acquired Resistance	T038	C0013203
27252416	63	95	Third-Generation EGFR Inhibitors	T121	C1443775
27252416	114	138	mechanisms of resistance	T169	C0441712
27252416	128	138	resistance	T038	C0013203
27252416	142	174	third-generation EGFR inhibitors	T121	C1443775
27252416	178	186	patients	T101	C0030705
27252416	192	211	lung adenocarcinoma	T191	C0152013
27252416	234	241	therapy	T061	C0087111
27252416	254	261	AZD9291	T109,T121	C3896906
27252416	265	276	rociletinib	T109,T121	C4045493
27252416	278	285	CO-1686	T109,T121	C3275041
27252416	291	299	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27252416	300	314	tumor biopsies	T060	C0005558
27252416	320	325	seven	T081	C0205453
27252416	326	334	patients	T101	C0030705
27252416	373	382	treatment	T061	C0087111
27252416	388	395	AZD9291	T109,T121	C3896906
27252416	399	410	rociletinib	T109,T121	C4045493
27252416	412	419	CO-1686	T109,T121	C3275041
27252416	422	441	Targeted sequencing	T059	C1294197
27252416	446	459	FISH analyses	T063	C0162789
27252416	484	493	relevance	T080	C2347946
27252416	497	512	candidate genes	T028	C1332838
27252416	517	538	functionally assessed	T052	C1516048
27252416	542	557	in vitro models	T062	C1515654
27252416	568	591	recurrent amplification	T045	C0017256
27252416	602	605	MET	T028	C1417123
27252416	609	614	ERBB2	T028	C0242957
27252416	618	624	tumors	T191	C0027651
27252416	635	644	resistant	T038	C0013203
27252416	648	668	developed resistance	T038	C0013203
27252416	672	704	third-generation EGFR inhibitors	T121	C1443775
27252416	719	724	ERBB2	T045	C0017255
27252416	729	743	MET activation	T045	C0017255
27252416	755	765	resistance	T038	C0013203
27252416	769	784	these compounds	T121	C1443775
27252416	815	834	KRAS(G12S) mutation	T049	C3274036
27252416	840	847	patient	T101	C0030705
27252416	853	872	acquired resistance	T038	C0013203
27252416	876	883	AZD9291	T109,T121	C3896906
27252416	909	928	acquired resistance	T038	C0013203
27252416	952	967	dual inhibition	T052	C3463820
27252416	971	975	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27252416	971	980	EGFR /MEK	T116,T126	C0169101
27252416	992	1007	viable strategy	T041	C0679199
27252416	1020	1030	resistance	T038	C0013203
27252416	1034	1051	EGFR-mutant cells	T025	C0007634
27252416	1063	1074	mutant KRAS	T033	C2747837
27252416	1092	1096	data	T078	C1511726
27252416	1110	1148	heterogeneous mechanisms of resistance	T169	C0441712
27252416	1138	1148	resistance	T038	C0013203
27252416	1159	1190	primary and acquired resistance	T038	C0013203
27252416	1194	1226	third-generation EGFR inhibitors	T121	C1443775
27252416	1241	1250	rationale	T078	C2699007
27252416	1255	1264	potential	T080	C3245505
27252416	1265	1287	combination strategies	T061	C0013218

27252474|t|Nax signaling evoked by an increase in [Na+] in CSF induces water intake via EET -mediated TRPV4 activation
27252474|a|Water-intake behavior is under the control of brain systems that sense body-fluid conditions at sensory circumventricular organs (sCVOs); however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in detail. Nax is a sodium (Na(+)) level sensor in the brain, and the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels, TRPV1 and TRPV4, have been proposed to function as osmosensors. We herein investigated voluntary water intake immediately induced after an intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of a hypertonic NaCl solution in TRPV1-, TRPV4-, Nax-, and their double-gene knockout (KO) mice. The induction of water intake by TRPV1 - KO mice was normal, whereas that by TRPV4 - KO and Nax - KO mice was significantly less than that by WT mice. Water intake by Nax / TRPV4 - double KO mice was similar to that by the respective single KO mice. When TRPV4 activity was blocked with a specific antagonist HC-067047, water intake by WT mice was significantly reduced, whereas that by TRPV4 - KO and Nax - KO mice was not. Similar results were obtained with the administration of miconazole, which inhibits the biosynthesis of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), endogenous agonists for TRPV4, from arachidonic acid (AA). Icv injection of hypertonic NaCl with AA or 5,6-EET restored water intake by Nax - KO mice to the WT level, but not that by TRPV4 - KO mice. These results suggest that the Na(+) signal generated in Nax - positive glial cells leads to the activation of TRPV4 - positive neurons in sCVOs in order to stimulate water intake by using EETs as gliotransmitters.
27252474	0	3	Nax	T116,T123	C1609241
27252474	4	13	signaling	T043	C0037083
27252474	14	23	evoked by	T080	C1444748
27252474	27	35	increase	T169	C0442805
27252474	40	43	Na+	T196	C0597484
27252474	48	51	CSF	T031	C0007806
27252474	52	59	induces	T169	C0205263
27252474	60	72	water intake	T040	C0013123
27252474	77	80	EET	T109	C1537011
27252474	91	96	TRPV4	T116,T123	C0962567
27252474	97	107	activation	T045	C0599177
27252474	108	120	Water-intake	T040	C0013123
27252474	143	150	control	T169	C2587213
27252474	154	167	brain systems	T023	C0006104
27252474	179	189	body-fluid	T031	C0005889
27252474	204	236	sensory circumventricular organs	T023	C3499120
27252474	238	243	sCVOs	T023	C3499120
27252474	270	280	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27252474	321	324	Nax	T116,T123	C1609241
27252474	330	336	sodium	T196	C0597484
27252474	338	343	Na(+)	T196	C0597484
27252474	345	350	level	T080	C0441889
27252474	351	357	sensor	T044	C1152842
27252474	365	370	brain	T023	C0006104
27252474	380	434	transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels	T116,T192	C0108303
27252474	436	441	TRPV1	T116,T192	C1259982
27252474	446	451	TRPV4	T116,T123	C0962567
27252474	463	471	proposed	T080	C1553874
27252474	475	483	function	T169	C0542341
27252474	487	498	osmosensors	T044	C1152842
27252474	510	522	investigated	T169	C1292732
27252474	523	532	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27252474	533	545	water intake	T040	C0013123
27252474	558	565	induced	T169	C0205263
27252474	575	598	intracerebroventricular	T082	C0595818
27252474	600	603	icv	T082	C0595818
27252474	605	619	administration	T061	C1533734
27252474	625	649	hypertonic NaCl solution	T121,T197	C0036085
27252474	653	659	TRPV1-	T028	C1421467
27252474	661	667	TRPV4-	T028	C1425291
27252474	669	673	Nax-	T028	C1419865
27252474	685	715	double-gene knockout (KO) mice	T015	C0206745
27252474	721	730	induction	T169	C0205263
27252474	734	746	water intake	T040	C0013123
27252474	750	755	TRPV1	T028	C1421467
27252474	758	765	KO mice	T015	C0206745
27252474	794	799	TRPV4	T028	C1425291
27252474	802	804	KO	T015	C0206745
27252474	809	812	Nax	T028	C1419865
27252474	815	822	KO mice	T015	C0206745
27252474	827	840	significantly	T078	C0750502
27252474	859	866	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27252474	868	880	Water intake	T040	C0013123
27252474	884	887	Nax	T028	C1419865
27252474	890	895	TRPV4	T028	C1425291
27252474	898	912	double KO mice	T015	C0206745
27252474	917	924	similar	T080	C2348205
27252474	951	957	single	T081	C0205171
27252474	958	965	KO mice	T015	C0206745
27252474	972	977	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1435011
27252474	978	986	activity	T044	C1537044
27252474	991	998	blocked	T169	C0332206
27252474	1006	1025	specific antagonist	T120	C0003139
27252474	1026	1035	HC-067047	T109,T121	C3493142
27252474	1037	1049	water intake	T040	C0013123
27252474	1053	1060	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27252474	1065	1078	significantly	T078	C0750502
27252474	1079	1086	reduced	T080	C0392756
27252474	1104	1109	TRPV4	T028	C1425291
27252474	1112	1114	KO	T015	C0206745
27252474	1119	1122	Nax	T028	C1419865
27252474	1125	1132	KO mice	T015	C0206745
27252474	1142	1149	Similar	T080	C2348205
27252474	1150	1157	results	T033	C0683954
27252474	1181	1195	administration	T061	C1533734
27252474	1199	1209	miconazole	T109,T121	C0025942
27252474	1217	1225	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27252474	1230	1242	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27252474	1246	1271	epoxyeicosatrienoic acids	T109	C1537011
27252474	1273	1277	EETs	T109	C1537011
27252474	1280	1290	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27252474	1291	1299	agonists	T121	C2987634
27252474	1304	1309	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1435011
27252474	1316	1332	arachidonic acid	T109	C0003695
27252474	1334	1336	AA	T109	C0003695
27252474	1339	1342	Icv	T082	C0595818
27252474	1343	1352	injection	T061	C1533685
27252474	1356	1371	hypertonic NaCl	T121,T197	C0036085
27252474	1377	1379	AA	T109	C0003695
27252474	1383	1390	5,6-EET	T109,T123	C0048925
27252474	1400	1412	water intake	T040	C0013123
27252474	1416	1419	Nax	T028	C1419865
27252474	1422	1429	KO mice	T015	C0206745
27252474	1437	1439	WT	T028	C1883559
27252474	1440	1445	level	T080	C0441889
27252474	1463	1468	TRPV4	T028	C1425291
27252474	1471	1478	KO mice	T015	C0206745
27252474	1486	1493	results	T033	C0683954
27252474	1511	1516	Na(+)	T196	C0597484
27252474	1517	1523	signal	T067	C1710082
27252474	1537	1540	Nax	T116,T123	C1609241
27252474	1543	1551	positive	T033	C1446409
27252474	1552	1563	glial cells	T025	C0027836
27252474	1577	1587	activation	T045	C0599177
27252474	1591	1596	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1435011
27252474	1599	1607	positive	T033	C1446409
27252474	1608	1615	neurons	T025	C0027882
27252474	1619	1624	sCVOs	T023	C3499120
27252474	1637	1646	stimulate	T061	C1292856
27252474	1647	1659	water intake	T040	C0013123
27252474	1669	1673	EETs	T109	C1537011
27252474	1677	1693	gliotransmitters	T123	C0027908

27252721|t|Timing of False Ring Formation in Pinus halepensis and Arbutus unedo in Southern Italy: Outlook from an Analysis of Xylogenesis and Tree-Ring Chronologies
27252721|a|Mediterranean tree rings are characterized by intra-annual density fluctuations (IADFs) due to partly climate-driven cambial activity. IADFs are used as structural signals to gain information on relations between environmental conditions and eco-physiological processes during xylogenesis, with intra-annual resolution. To reach an unbiased synchronization of the IADF position within tree rings and seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions, it is necessary to know the timing of cambial activity and wood formation, which are species- and site-specific processes. We applied the microcoring technique to analyze xylogenesis in Pinus halepensis and Arbutus unedo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study xylogenesis in a hardwood species forming frequent IADFs. Both species co-occur at a site in southern Italy characterized by a Mediterranean climate. To facilitate tree-ring dating and identification of IADFs, we performed traditional dendroecological analysis. We analyzed xylogenesis during summer, which is considered a constraint for xylogenesis and a trigger for IADF formation. We followed the different phases of cell development in the current wood increment with the aim of evaluating whether and which type of IADFs were formed. We additionally analyzed the same phases again in September and in winter to verify the possible formation of IADFs in fall and whether cell production and differentiation was completed by the end of the calendar year. Both species formed the same type of IADFs (earlywood -like cells within latewood), due to temporary growth restoration triggered by rain events during the period of summer drought. At the end of the calendar year, no cells in the phases of enlargement and secondary cell wall deposition occurred. A. unedo was more sensitive than P. halepensis because IADF s were formed earlier in the season and were more frequent in the tree-ring series. The dendro-anatomical approach, combining analysis of tree-ring series and of xylogenesis, helped to detect the period of IADF formation in the two species. Results are discussed in functional terms, highlighting the environmental conditions triggering IADFs, and also in methodological terms, evaluating the applicability of xylogenesis analysis in Mediterranean woods, especially when the formation of IADFs is not uniform around the stem.
27252721	0	6	Timing	T079	C0449243
27252721	16	30	Ring Formation	T039	C0243056
27252721	34	50	Pinus halepensis	T002	C1028806
27252721	55	68	Arbutus unedo	T002	C1036425
27252721	72	80	Southern	T082	C1710133
27252721	81	86	Italy	T083	C0022277
27252721	88	95	Outlook	T201	C0420834
27252721	104	112	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27252721	116	127	Xylogenesis	T039	C0243056
27252721	132	141	Tree-Ring	T002	C0040811
27252721	142	154	Chronologies	T170	C0008717
27252721	155	168	Mediterranean	T083	C0282645
27252721	169	179	tree rings	T002	C0040811
27252721	184	197	characterized	T052	C1880022
27252721	201	234	intra-annual density fluctuations	T079	C0231241
27252721	236	241	IADFs	T079	C0231241
27252721	257	271	climate-driven	T070	C0008946
27252721	272	288	cambial activity	T039	C0243056
27252721	290	295	IADFs	T079	C0231241
27252721	308	318	structural	T082	C0678594
27252721	319	326	signals	T078	C0010439
27252721	335	346	information	T078	C1533716
27252721	350	359	relations	T080	C0439849
27252721	360	367	between	T082	C0205103
27252721	368	381	environmental	T082	C0014406
27252721	382	392	conditions	T080	C0348080
27252721	397	414	eco-physiological	T039	C0243056
27252721	415	424	processes	T067	C1522240
27252721	425	431	during	T079	C0347984
27252721	432	443	xylogenesis	T039	C0243056
27252721	450	462	intra-annual	T079	C0332181
27252721	463	473	resolution	T077	C2699488
27252721	487	495	unbiased	T062	C1711255
27252721	496	511	synchronization	T079	C0439580
27252721	519	523	IADF	T079	C0231241
27252721	524	532	position	T082	C0733755
27252721	540	544	tree	T002	C0040811
27252721	545	550	rings	T082	C0521164
27252721	555	563	seasonal	T079	C1254367
27252721	564	576	fluctuations	T184	C0231239
27252721	580	593	environmental	T082	C0014406
27252721	594	604	conditions	T080	C0348080
27252721	634	640	timing	T079	C0449243
27252721	644	660	cambial activity	T039	C0243056
27252721	665	669	wood	T167	C0043217
27252721	670	679	formation	T169	C1522492
27252721	691	699	species-	T080	C0205556
27252721	704	717	site-specific	T080	C0205556
27252721	718	727	processes	T067	C1522240
27252721	732	739	applied	T169	C4048755
27252721	744	765	microcoring technique	T169	C0449851
27252721	769	776	analyze	T062	C0936012
27252721	777	788	xylogenesis	T039	C0243056
27252721	792	808	Pinus halepensis	T002	C1028806
27252721	813	826	Arbutus unedo	T002	C1036425
27252721	876	883	attempt	T051	C1516084
27252721	887	892	study	T062	C2603343
27252721	893	904	xylogenesis	T039	C0243056
27252721	910	918	hardwood	T167	C0043217
27252721	919	926	species	T185	C1705920
27252721	935	943	frequent	T079	C0332183
27252721	944	949	IADFs	T079	C0231241
27252721	956	963	species	T185	C1705920
27252721	964	972	co-occur	T052	C1709305
27252721	978	982	site	T082	C0205145
27252721	986	994	southern	T082	C1710133
27252721	995	1000	Italy	T083	C0022277
27252721	1001	1014	characterized	T052	C1880022
27252721	1020	1033	Mediterranean	T083	C0282645
27252721	1034	1041	climate	T070	C0008946
27252721	1057	1073	tree-ring dating	T062	C2350279
27252721	1078	1092	identification	T080	C0205396
27252721	1096	1101	IADFs	T079	C0231241
27252721	1106	1115	performed	T169	C0884358
27252721	1116	1127	traditional	T169	C0443324
27252721	1128	1144	dendroecological	T080	C0205556
27252721	1145	1153	analysis	T062	C0936012
27252721	1158	1166	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27252721	1167	1178	xylogenesis	T039	C0243056
27252721	1179	1185	during	T079	C0347984
27252721	1186	1192	summer	T079	C0241301
27252721	1203	1213	considered	T078	C0750591
27252721	1216	1226	constraint	T169	C0443288
27252721	1231	1242	xylogenesis	T039	C0243056
27252721	1261	1265	IADF	T079	C0231241
27252721	1266	1275	formation	T169	C1522492
27252721	1293	1302	different	T080	C1705242
27252721	1303	1309	phases	T079	C0205390
27252721	1313	1329	cell development	T043	C0815089
27252721	1337	1344	current	T079	C0521116
27252721	1345	1349	wood	T167	C0043217
27252721	1350	1359	increment	T081	C1705117
27252721	1413	1418	IADFs	T079	C0231241
27252721	1424	1430	formed	T169	C0205431
27252721	1448	1456	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27252721	1466	1472	phases	T079	C0205390
27252721	1482	1491	September	T079	C3828193
27252721	1499	1505	winter	T079	C0241737
27252721	1509	1515	verify	T169	C1711411
27252721	1520	1528	possible	T033	C0332149
27252721	1529	1538	formation	T169	C1522492
27252721	1542	1547	IADFs	T079	C0231241
27252721	1551	1555	fall	T079	C0238715
27252721	1568	1572	cell	T025	C3178867
27252721	1573	1583	production	T039	C0243056
27252721	1588	1603	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27252721	1608	1617	completed	T080	C0205197
27252721	1636	1649	calendar year	T079	C0456586
27252721	1656	1663	species	T185	C1705920
27252721	1664	1670	formed	T169	C0205431
27252721	1688	1693	IADFs	T079	C0231241
27252721	1695	1704	earlywood	T167	C0043217
27252721	1711	1716	cells	T025	C3178867
27252721	1724	1732	latewood	T167	C0043217
27252721	1742	1751	temporary	T079	C0205374
27252721	1752	1758	growth	T067	C2911660
27252721	1759	1770	restoration	T033	C0243095
27252721	1771	1783	triggered by	T080	C1444748
27252721	1784	1788	rain	T070	C0034640
27252721	1789	1795	events	T051	C0441471
27252721	1796	1802	during	T079	C0347984
27252721	1807	1813	period	T079	C1948053
27252721	1817	1823	summer	T079	C0241301
27252721	1824	1831	drought	T070	C0013140
27252721	1851	1864	calendar year	T079	C0456586
27252721	1869	1874	cells	T025	C3178867
27252721	1882	1888	phases	T079	C0205390
27252721	1892	1903	enlargement	T080	C0442800
27252721	1908	1927	secondary cell wall	T026	C1167351
27252721	1928	1938	deposition	T169	C0333562
27252721	1939	1947	occurred	T052	C1709305
27252721	1949	1957	A. unedo	T002	C1036425
27252721	1967	1976	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27252721	1982	1995	P. halepensis	T002	C1028806
27252721	2004	2008	IADF	T079	C0231241
27252721	2016	2022	formed	T169	C0205431
27252721	2023	2030	earlier	T079	C1279919
27252721	2038	2044	season	T079	C0036497
27252721	2059	2067	frequent	T079	C0332183
27252721	2075	2084	tree-ring	T002	C0040811
27252721	2097	2114	dendro-anatomical	T080	C0205556
27252721	2135	2143	analysis	T062	C0936012
27252721	2147	2156	tree-ring	T002	C0040811
27252721	2171	2182	xylogenesis	T039	C0243056
27252721	2194	2200	detect	T033	C0442726
27252721	2205	2211	period	T079	C1948053
27252721	2215	2219	IADF	T079	C0231241
27252721	2220	2229	formation	T169	C1522492
27252721	2241	2248	species	T185	C1705920
27252721	2250	2257	Results	T169	C1274040
27252721	2275	2285	functional	T169	C0205245
27252721	2286	2291	terms	T078	C1705313
27252721	2310	2323	environmental	T082	C0014406
27252721	2324	2334	conditions	T080	C0348080
27252721	2335	2345	triggering	T080	C1444748
27252721	2346	2351	IADFs	T079	C0231241
27252721	2365	2379	methodological	UnknownType	C0815254
27252721	2380	2385	terms	T078	C1705313
27252721	2402	2415	applicability	T169	C4048755
27252721	2419	2430	xylogenesis	T039	C0243056
27252721	2431	2439	analysis	T062	C0936012
27252721	2443	2456	Mediterranean	T083	C0282645
27252721	2457	2462	woods	T167	C0043217
27252721	2484	2493	formation	T169	C1522492
27252721	2497	2502	IADFs	T079	C0231241
27252721	2510	2517	uniform	T080	C0205375
27252721	2529	2533	stem	T002	C0242767

27252817|t|An Accessible and Pragmatic Experimental Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
27252817|a|BACKGROUND There is no convenient cheap pragmatic experimental model for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)/ Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Our objective was to create a pragmatic model of NAFLD / NASH. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat, high sugar homemade diet ad libitum for seven weeks. The high-fat, high sugar diet included 59% of energy derived from fat, 30% from carbohydrates, and 11% from protein. Serum levels of fasting glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, liver enzymes, insulin, and hepatic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene expression were determined. Hepatic histology was examined by H&E stain. RESULTS Rats fed the high-fat, high sugar diet developed hepatic steatosis, and a moderate inflammation, which was associated with increased serum levels of liver enzymes, glucose, insulin, triglyceride, cholesterol, and hepatic TNF-α gene expression. CONCLUSION This rat model resembles the key features of human NAFLD / NASH and provides a simple pragmatic experimental model for elucidating the disease prevention and treatment.
27252817	18	46	Pragmatic Experimental Model	T008	C0887965
27252817	50	82	Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	T047	C0400966
27252817	123	151	pragmatic experimental model	T008	C0887965
27252817	156	188	Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	T047	C0400966
27252817	190	195	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27252817	198	226	Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis	T047	C3241937
27252817	228	232	NASH	T047	C3241937
27252817	265	280	pragmatic model	T008	C0887965
27252817	284	289	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27252817	292	296	NASH	T047	C3241937
27252817	306	325	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
27252817	337	345	high-fat	T061	C0521974
27252817	347	371	high sugar homemade diet	T061	C1445913
27252817	393	398	weeks	T079	C0439230
27252817	404	412	high-fat	T061	C0521974
27252817	414	429	high sugar diet	T061	C1445913
27252817	446	452	energy	T081	C1442080
27252817	466	469	fat	T109,T168	C0012171
27252817	480	493	carbohydrates	T168	C0453802
27252817	508	515	protein	T168	C0453858
27252817	517	548	Serum levels of fasting glucose	T059	C0583334
27252817	550	562	triglyceride	T059	C0542495
27252817	564	575	cholesterol	T059	C1445957
27252817	577	590	liver enzymes	T059	C0428321
27252817	592	599	insulin	T059	C0428357
27252817	605	612	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27252817	613	640	tumor necrosis factor-alpha	T116,T129	C1456820
27252817	642	647	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27252817	649	664	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27252817	682	689	Hepatic	T029	C0205054
27252817	690	699	histology	T059	C0344441
27252817	716	725	H&E stain	T059	C0523207
27252817	735	739	Rats	T015	C0034721
27252817	748	756	high-fat	T061	C0521974
27252817	758	773	high sugar diet	T061	C1445913
27252817	784	801	hepatic steatosis	T047	C0015695
27252817	809	830	moderate inflammation	T033	C0522568
27252817	858	897	increased serum levels of liver enzymes	T033	C0857093
27252817	899	906	glucose	T034	C0583332
27252817	908	915	insulin	T034	C1261415
27252817	917	929	triglyceride	T034	C1287372
27252817	931	942	cholesterol	T034	C1287371
27252817	948	955	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27252817	956	961	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27252817	962	977	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27252817	995	998	rat	T015	C0034721
27252817	999	1004	model	T008	C0887965
27252817	1035	1040	human	T016	C0086418
27252817	1041	1046	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27252817	1049	1053	NASH	T047	C3241937
27252817	1076	1104	pragmatic experimental model	T008	C0887965
27252817	1125	1143	disease prevention	T061	C0679698
27252817	1148	1157	treatment	T061	C0087111

27252904|t|Comparison of the Effects of Subcutaneous Versus Continuous Infusion of Heparin on Key Inflammatory Parameters Following Sepsis
27252904|a|Sepsis is the result of the interaction between inflammatory mediators and coagulation pathway. Unfractionated heparin may play a role as an anti-inflammatory agent beyond its anticoagulatory effect in sepsis. As a result, it may cause reduction in organ failure rate in patients with sepsis due to its impact on both inflammatory and coagulation process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of heparin in sepsis. Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as an inflammatory mediator and urinary necoutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of kidney injury were investigated. This prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted in a 32- bed intensive care unit. Thirty patients with sepsis were randomized to receive heparin infusion of 500 units/hour or 5000 units of heparin three times a day, subcutaneously. The plasma level of PAI-1 and urinary level of NGAL were determined at day 0, 2 and 7. The infusion group had a lower plasma PAI-1 level compared to the subcutaneous group at day 7 (11.3 ± 1.6 vs. 16.5 ± 4.2; P = 0.003). The urinary NGAL level was lower in the infusion group at day 2 (131.3 ± 11.9 vs. 151.2 ± 20.6; P = 0.014); however, at day 7 the NGAL level was decreased in the subcutaneous group as much as the infusion group and there was no significant difference between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores between the two groups at day 0, 2 and 7. Low-dose heparin infusion compared to subcutaneous heparin can decrease the plasma PAI-1 and urinary NGAL levels more rapidly. It can be related to anti-inflammatory effects of heparin, which may be more prominent in infusion route.
27252904	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27252904	18	28	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27252904	29	41	Subcutaneous	T061	C0576773
27252904	49	68	Continuous Infusion	T061	C0444889
27252904	72	79	Heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27252904	83	99	Key Inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27252904	100	110	Parameters	T077	C0549193
27252904	111	120	Following	T079	C0332282
27252904	121	127	Sepsis	T047	C0243026
27252904	128	134	Sepsis	T047	C0243026
27252904	142	148	result	T169	C1274040
27252904	156	167	interaction	T169	C1704675
27252904	176	198	inflammatory mediators	T121	C0243042
27252904	203	222	coagulation pathway	T044	C1704259
27252904	224	246	Unfractionated heparin	T121	C2825026
27252904	258	262	role	T077	C1705810
27252904	269	292	anti-inflammatory agent	T121	C0003209
27252904	304	326	anticoagulatory effect	T080	C1280500
27252904	330	336	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27252904	343	349	result	T169	C1274040
27252904	364	373	reduction	T080	C0392756
27252904	377	390	organ failure	T046	C0026766
27252904	391	395	rate	T081	C1521828
27252904	399	407	patients	T101	C0030705
27252904	413	419	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27252904	431	437	impact	T080	C4049986
27252904	446	458	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27252904	463	482	coagulation process	T039	C1328723
27252904	488	491	aim	T078	C1947946
27252904	500	505	study	T062	C0681814
27252904	513	521	evaluate	T058	C0184514
27252904	526	551	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
27252904	555	562	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27252904	566	572	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27252904	574	580	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27252904	581	614	plasminogen activator inhibitor-1	T116,T123	C0030190
27252904	616	621	PAI-1	T116,T123	C0030190
27252904	629	650	inflammatory mediator	T121	C0243042
27252904	655	662	urinary	T080	C1524119
27252904	663	707	necoutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin	T116,T123	C2347341
27252904	709	713	NGAL	T116,T123	C2347341
27252904	720	726	marker	T201	C0005516
27252904	730	743	kidney injury	T037	C0160420
27252904	749	761	investigated	T169	C1292732
27252904	768	779	prospective	T062	C0033522
27252904	781	808	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27252904	832	835	bed	T082	C1547114
27252904	836	855	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27252904	864	872	patients	T101	C0030705
27252904	878	884	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27252904	890	900	randomized	T062	C0034656
27252904	904	911	receive	T080	C1514756
27252904	912	919	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27252904	920	928	infusion	T169	C1827465
27252904	936	946	units/hour	T081	C0456685
27252904	955	960	units	T081	C1519795
27252904	964	971	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27252904	972	989	three times a day	T079	C0556984
27252904	991	1005	subcutaneously	T033	C1736929
27252904	1011	1017	plasma	T031	C0032105
27252904	1018	1023	level	T080	C0441889
27252904	1027	1032	PAI-1	T116,T123	C0030190
27252904	1037	1044	urinary	T080	C1524119
27252904	1045	1050	level	T080	C0441889
27252904	1054	1058	NGAL	T116,T123	C2347341
27252904	1078	1083	day 0	T033	C0243095
27252904	1085	1086	2	T033	C3842676
27252904	1091	1092	7	T033	C3842672
27252904	1098	1106	infusion	T169	C1827465
27252904	1107	1112	group	T078	C0441833
27252904	1119	1124	lower	T082	C0441994
27252904	1125	1131	plasma	T031	C0032105
27252904	1132	1137	PAI-1	T116,T123	C0030190
27252904	1138	1143	level	T080	C0441889
27252904	1144	1152	compared	T052	C1707455
27252904	1160	1178	subcutaneous group	T078	C0441833
27252904	1182	1187	day 7	T033	C3842672
27252904	1232	1239	urinary	T080	C1524119
27252904	1240	1244	NGAL	T116,T123	C2347341
27252904	1245	1250	level	T080	C0441889
27252904	1255	1260	lower	T082	C0441994
27252904	1268	1276	infusion	T169	C1827465
27252904	1277	1282	group	T078	C0441833
27252904	1286	1291	day 2	T033	C3842676
27252904	1348	1353	day 7	T033	C3842672
27252904	1358	1362	NGAL	T116,T123	C2347341
27252904	1363	1368	level	T080	C0441889
27252904	1373	1382	decreased	T081	C0205216
27252904	1390	1408	subcutaneous group	T078	C0441833
27252904	1424	1432	infusion	T169	C1827465
27252904	1433	1438	group	T078	C0441833
27252904	1453	1467	no significant	T080	C0205556
27252904	1468	1478	difference	T080	C1705242
27252904	1495	1501	groups	T078	C0441833
27252904	1513	1527	no significant	T080	C0205556
27252904	1528	1538	difference	T080	C1705242
27252904	1546	1604	acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II	T060	C0489438
27252904	1609	1658	sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores	T033	C3494459
27252904	1675	1681	groups	T078	C0441833
27252904	1685	1690	day 0	T033	C0243095
27252904	1692	1693	2	T033	C3842676
27252904	1698	1699	7	T033	C3842672
27252904	1701	1709	Low-dose	T081	C0445550
27252904	1710	1717	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27252904	1718	1726	infusion	T169	C1827465
27252904	1727	1735	compared	T052	C1707455
27252904	1739	1751	subcutaneous	T082	C0443315
27252904	1752	1759	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27252904	1764	1772	decrease	T081	C0547047
27252904	1777	1783	plasma	T031	C0032105
27252904	1784	1789	PAI-1	T116,T123	C0030190
27252904	1794	1801	urinary	T080	C1524119
27252904	1802	1806	NGAL	T116,T123	C2347341
27252904	1807	1813	levels	T080	C0441889
27252904	1819	1826	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27252904	1838	1845	related	T080	C0439849
27252904	1849	1874	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
27252904	1878	1885	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27252904	1905	1914	prominent	T080	C0205402
27252904	1918	1932	infusion route	T169	C1827465

27253877|t|The Spreading of Social Energy: How Exposure to Positive and Negative Social News Affects Behavior
27253877|a|Social news, unlike video games or TV programs, conveys real-life interactions. Theoretically, social news in which people help or harm each other and violate rules should influence both prosocial and violation behaviors. In two experiments, we demonstrated the spreading effects of social news in a social interaction context emphasizing social conventions and a nonsocial interaction context emphasizing moral norms. Across the two studies, the results showed that positive social news increased cooperation (decreased defection) but had no effect on cheating, whereas negative social news increased cheating but with no change in cooperation (or defection). We conclude that there is a spreading impact of positive social news in the conventional norm domain and of negative social news in the moral norm domain.
27253877	4	13	Spreading	T080	C0332261
27253877	17	23	Social	T169	C0728831
27253877	24	30	Energy	T081	C1442080
27253877	36	47	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
27253877	48	56	Positive	T033	C1446409
27253877	61	69	Negative	T033	C0205160
27253877	70	76	Social	T169	C0728831
27253877	77	81	News	T170	C0282425
27253877	90	98	Behavior	T053	C0004927
27253877	99	105	Social	T169	C0728831
27253877	106	110	news	T170	C0282425
27253877	119	130	video games	T073	C0042649
27253877	134	145	TV programs	UnknownType	C0681283
27253877	155	164	real-life	T078	C0376558
27253877	165	177	interactions	T033	C0037420
27253877	194	200	social	T169	C0728831
27253877	201	205	news	T170	C0282425
27253877	215	221	people	T098	C0027361
27253877	222	226	help	T080	C1269765
27253877	230	245	harm each other	T054	C0037397
27253877	250	257	violate	T055	C0424347
27253877	258	263	rules	T089	C0023150
27253877	286	295	prosocial	T054	C0871164
27253877	300	319	violation behaviors	T055	C0424347
27253877	361	370	spreading	T080	C0332261
27253877	371	378	effects	T080	C1280500
27253877	382	388	social	T169	C0728831
27253877	389	393	news	T170	C0282425
27253877	399	417	social interaction	T033	C0037420
27253877	438	444	social	T169	C0728831
27253877	445	456	conventions	T068	C0086047
27253877	463	484	nonsocial interaction	T033	C1513916
27253877	505	510	moral	T078	C0026532
27253877	511	516	norms	T078	C0237750
27253877	533	540	studies	T062	C2603343
27253877	566	574	positive	T033	C1446409
27253877	575	581	social	T169	C0728831
27253877	582	586	news	T170	C0282425
27253877	597	608	cooperation	T054	C0392337
27253877	620	629	defection	T054	C0870406
27253877	639	641	no	T033	C1513916
27253877	642	648	effect	T080	C1280500
27253877	652	660	cheating	T055	C0683305
27253877	670	678	negative	T033	C0205160
27253877	679	685	social	T169	C0728831
27253877	686	690	news	T170	C0282425
27253877	701	709	cheating	T055	C0683305
27253877	719	721	no	T033	C1513916
27253877	722	728	change	T169	C0392747
27253877	732	743	cooperation	T054	C0392337
27253877	748	757	defection	T054	C0870406
27253877	788	797	spreading	T080	C0332261
27253877	798	804	impact	T080	C4049986
27253877	808	816	positive	T033	C1446409
27253877	817	823	social	T169	C0728831
27253877	824	828	news	T170	C0282425
27253877	836	848	conventional	T080	C0439858
27253877	849	860	norm domain	T078	C0237750
27253877	868	876	negative	T033	C0205160
27253877	877	883	social	T169	C0728831
27253877	884	888	news	T170	C0282425
27253877	896	901	moral	T078	C0026532
27253877	902	913	norm domain	T078	C0237750

27254091|t|Using Evolutionary Theory to Guide Mental Health Research
27254091|a|Evolutionary approaches to medicine can shed light on the origins and etiology of disease. Such an approach may be especially useful in psychiatry, which frequently addresses conditions with heterogeneous presentation and unknown causes. We review several previous applications of evolutionary theory that highlight the ways in which psychiatric conditions may persist despite and because of natural selection. One lesson from the evolutionary approach is that some conditions currently classified as disorders (because they cause distress and impairment) may actually be caused by functioning adaptations operating " normally " (as designed by natural selection). Such conditions suggest an alternative illness model that may generate alternative intervention strategies. Thus, the evolutionary approach suggests that psychiatry should sometimes think differently about distress and impairment. The complexity of the human brain, including normal functioning and potential for dysfunctions, has developed over evolutionary time and has been shaped by natural selection. Understanding the evolutionary origins of psychiatric conditions is therefore a crucial component to a complete understanding of etiology.
27254091	6	25	Evolutionary Theory	T170	C0237604
27254091	35	48	Mental Health	T041	C0025353
27254091	49	57	Research	T062	C0035168
27254091	58	81	Evolutionary approaches	T082	C0449445
27254091	85	93	medicine	T091	C0025118
27254091	98	108	shed light	T052	C2986669
27254091	116	123	origins	T079	C0439659
27254091	128	147	etiology of disease	T169	C1314792
27254091	157	165	approach	T082	C0449445
27254091	194	204	psychiatry	T058	C3526598
27254091	233	243	conditions	T080	C0348080
27254091	249	262	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27254091	280	294	unknown causes	T033	C3840856
27254091	299	305	review	T078	C1552617
27254091	323	335	applications	UnknownType	C0869019
27254091	339	358	evolutionary theory	T170	C0237604
27254091	392	414	psychiatric conditions	T047	C1718246
27254091	450	467	natural selection	T070	C0086685
27254091	489	510	evolutionary approach	T082	C0449445
27254091	524	534	conditions	T080	C0348080
27254091	545	555	classified	T185	C0008902
27254091	559	568	disorders	T048	C0004936
27254091	589	597	distress	T033	C0231303
27254091	602	612	impairment	T046	C0684336
27254091	640	651	functioning	T169	C0205245
27254091	652	663	adaptations	T038	C0392673
27254091	676	684	normally	T080	C0205307
27254091	703	720	natural selection	T070	C0086685
27254091	728	738	conditions	T080	C0348080
27254091	762	775	illness model	T050	C0684309
27254091	806	829	intervention strategies	T061	C0184661
27254091	841	862	evolutionary approach	T082	C0449445
27254091	877	887	psychiatry	T058	C3526598
27254091	911	922	differently	T080	C1705242
27254091	929	937	distress	T033	C0231303
27254091	942	952	impairment	T046	C0684336
27254091	958	968	complexity	T080	C0439855
27254091	976	981	human	T016	C0086418
27254091	982	987	brain	T023	C0006104
27254091	999	1005	normal	T080	C0205307
27254091	1006	1017	functioning	T042	C0678908
27254091	1022	1031	potential	T080	C3245505
27254091	1036	1048	dysfunctions	T047	C0262405
27254091	1069	1086	evolutionary time	T079	C0040223
27254091	1110	1127	natural selection	T070	C0086685
27254091	1147	1167	evolutionary origins	T079	C0439659
27254091	1171	1193	psychiatric conditions	T047	C1718246
27254091	1209	1216	crucial	T080	C1511545
27254091	1217	1226	component	T077	C1705248
27254091	1258	1266	etiology	T169	C1314792

27254783|t|Transcriptomic and Physiological Responses of the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during Short-Term Exposure to Subnanomolar Methylmercury Concentrations
27254783|a|The effects of short-term exposure to subnanomolar methyl-mercury (MeHg) concentrations, representative of contaminated environments, on the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were assessed using both physiological end points and gene expression analysis. MeHg bioaccumulated and induced significant increase of the photosynthesis efficiency, while the algal growth, oxidative stress, and chlorophyll fluorescence were unaffected. At the molecular level, MeHg significantly dysregulated the expression of genes involved in motility, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, metal transport, and antioxidant enzymes. Data suggest that the cells were able to cope with subnanomolar MeHg exposure, but this tolerance resulted in a significant cost to the cell energy and reserve metabolism as well as ample changes in the nutrition and motility of C. reinhardtii. The present results allowed gaining new insights on the effects and uptake mechanisms of MeHg at subnanomolar concentrations in aquatic primary producers.
27254783	0	14	Transcriptomic	T045	C0017262
27254783	19	42	Physiological Responses	T039	C0031843
27254783	50	65	Green Microalga	T204	C2936330
27254783	66	91	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	T204	C0085356
27254783	110	121	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
27254783	122	134	Subnanomolar	T081	C0392762
27254783	135	148	Methylmercury	T109,T131	C0025794
27254783	149	163	Concentrations	T081	C1446561
27254783	179	189	short-term	T079	C0443303
27254783	190	201	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27254783	202	214	subnanomolar	T081	C0392762
27254783	215	229	methyl-mercury	T109,T131	C0025794
27254783	231	235	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
27254783	237	251	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27254783	271	283	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27254783	284	296	environments	T082	C0014406
27254783	305	314	microalga	T204	C2936330
27254783	315	340	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	T204	C0085356
27254783	346	354	assessed	T052	C1516048
27254783	366	390	physiological end points	T039	C0031843
27254783	395	419	gene expression analysis	T063	C1880945
27254783	421	425	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
27254783	426	440	bioaccumulated	T042	C0311432
27254783	453	464	significant	T078	C0750502
27254783	465	473	increase	T169	C0442805
27254783	481	495	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
27254783	496	506	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27254783	518	530	algal growth	T067	C0002035
27254783	532	548	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27254783	554	578	chlorophyll fluorescence	T043	C3548552
27254783	584	594	unaffected	T077	C2986417
27254783	620	624	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
27254783	639	651	dysregulated	T045	C0017263
27254783	656	675	expression of genes	T045	C0017262
27254783	688	696	motility	T040	C1510470
27254783	698	715	energy metabolism	T039	C0014272
27254783	717	733	lipid metabolism	T044	C0598783
27254783	735	750	metal transport	T043	C1159686
27254783	756	767	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27254783	768	775	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27254783	777	781	Data	T078	C1511726
27254783	799	804	cells	T025	C0007634
27254783	810	822	able to cope	T033	C2364069
27254783	828	840	subnanomolar	T081	C0392762
27254783	841	845	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
27254783	846	854	exposure	T080	C0332157
27254783	913	947	cell energy and reserve metabolism	T044	C1158282
27254783	980	989	nutrition	T040	C1442959
27254783	994	1002	motility	T040	C1510470
27254783	1006	1020	C. reinhardtii	T204	C0085356
27254783	1034	1041	results	T169	C1274040
27254783	1090	1107	uptake mechanisms	T039	C0243144
27254783	1111	1115	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
27254783	1119	1131	subnanomolar	T081	C0392762
27254783	1132	1146	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27254783	1150	1175	aquatic primary producers	T204	C2936330

27254792|t|Emergence of family medicine in Ethiopia [corrected]: an international collaborative education model
27254792|a|Family Medicine (FM) is a new specialty in Ethiopia. The first seven family physicians graduated in February 2016 from the inaugural residency programme at Addis Ababa University. Cooperation amongst Ethiopian and expatriate decision-makers and physicians was needed to begin the programme. Intentional replacement of expatriates with Ethiopian family physicians has begun. Barriers include lack of understanding of FM and the human and financial resources needed for scaling up the programme. Regular programme review with resident physician involvement has allowed the FM training programme to adapt and fit the Ethiopian context. Further successes will result from ongoing support and advocacy from the Federal Ministry of Health and other Ethiopian, African, and international primary care organisations.
27254792	0	9	Emergence	T080	C0205556
27254792	13	28	family medicine	T091	C0015607
27254792	32	40	Ethiopia	T083	C0015024
27254792	57	70	international	T078	C1512888
27254792	71	84	collaborative	T054	C0282116
27254792	85	100	education model	T170	C3161035
27254792	101	116	Family Medicine	T091	C0015607
27254792	118	120	FM	T091	C0015607
27254792	131	140	specialty	T091	C0037778
27254792	144	152	Ethiopia	T083	C0015024
27254792	158	187	first seven family physicians	T097	C1704221
27254792	188	197	graduated	T098	C0588053
27254792	201	209	February	T080	C3830166
27254792	234	243	residency	T065	C0035182
27254792	244	253	programme	T170	C0010478
27254792	257	279	Addis Ababa University	T073,T092	C0041740
27254792	281	292	Cooperation	T054	C0392337
27254792	301	310	Ethiopian	T098	C0239304
27254792	315	325	expatriate	T033	C3842568
27254792	326	341	decision-makers	T097	C0554244
27254792	346	356	physicians	T097	C0031831
27254792	371	376	begin	T079	C0439659
27254792	381	390	programme	T170	C0010478
27254792	392	403	Intentional	T078	C1512888
27254792	404	415	replacement	T169	C0559956
27254792	419	430	expatriates	T033	C3842568
27254792	436	445	Ethiopian	T098	C0239304
27254792	446	463	family physicians	T097	C1704221
27254792	468	473	begun	T079	C0439659
27254792	475	483	Barriers	T080	C0205556
27254792	492	499	lack of	T080	C0332268
27254792	500	513	understanding	T041	C0162340
27254792	517	519	FM	T091	C0015607
27254792	528	533	human	T169	C0024752
27254792	538	557	financial resources	T033	C0516918
27254792	569	579	scaling up	T081	C0392762
27254792	584	593	programme	T170	C0010478
27254792	595	602	Regular	T080	C0205272
27254792	603	612	programme	T170	C0010478
27254792	613	619	review	T080	C1704362
27254792	625	643	resident physician	T097	C1320928
27254792	644	655	involvement	T054	C0009476
27254792	672	674	FM	T091	C0015607
27254792	675	693	training programme	T065	C0040607
27254792	697	702	adapt	T080	C0205556
27254792	707	710	fit	T052	C2349186
27254792	715	724	Ethiopian	T098	C0239304
27254792	725	732	context	T078	C0449255
27254792	742	751	successes	T054	C0597535
27254792	757	763	result	T169	C1274040
27254792	777	784	support	T054	C0037438
27254792	789	797	advocacy	T054	C0150446
27254792	807	833	Federal Ministry of Health	T057	C0013562
27254792	844	853	Ethiopian	T098	C0239304
27254792	855	862	African	T098	C0027567
27254792	868	881	international	T078	C1512888
27254792	868	908	international primary care organisations	T093	C0596660

27255214|t|Hierarchical Targeting Strategy for Enhanced Tumor Tissue Accumulation / Retention and Cellular Internalization
27255214|a|Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents is an important way to improve the therapeutic index and reduce side effects. To design nanoparticles for targeted delivery, both enhanced tumor tissue accumulation / retention and enhanced cellular internalization should be considered simultaneously. So far, there have been very few nanoparticles with immutable structures that can achieve this goal efficiently. Hierarchical targeting, a novel targeting strategy based on stimuli responsiveness, shows good potential to enhance both tumor tissue accumulation / retention and cellular internalization. Here, the recent design and development of hierarchical targeting nanoplatforms, based on changeable particle sizes, switchable surface charges and activatable surface ligands, will be introduced. In general, the targeting moieties in these nanoplatforms are not activated during blood circulation for efficient tumor tissue accumulation, but re-activated by certain internal or external stimuli in the tumor microenvironment for enhanced cellular internalization.
27255214	0	22	Hierarchical Targeting	T169	C1521840
27255214	23	31	Strategy	T062	C0035171
27255214	36	44	Enhanced	T169	C0442805
27255214	45	57	Tumor Tissue	T024	C0475358
27255214	58	70	Accumulation	UnknownType	C0678759
27255214	73	82	Retention	T039	C0814008
27255214	87	111	Cellular Internalization	T043	C0014139
27255214	112	120	Targeted	T169	C1521840
27255214	121	129	delivery	T067	C1254366
27255214	133	151	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
27255214	158	167	important	T080	C3898777
27255214	168	171	way	T067	C1522240
27255214	175	182	improve	T080	C1272747
27255214	187	204	therapeutic index	T081	C0678793
27255214	209	215	reduce	T080	C0392756
27255214	216	228	side effects	T046	C0041755
27255214	233	239	design	T052	C1707689
27255214	240	253	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27255214	258	266	targeted	T169	C1521840
27255214	267	275	delivery	T067	C1254366
27255214	282	290	enhanced	T169	C0442805
27255214	291	303	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27255214	304	316	accumulation	UnknownType	C0678759
27255214	319	328	retention	T039	C0814008
27255214	333	341	enhanced	T169	C0442805
27255214	342	366	cellular internalization	T043	C0014139
27255214	377	387	considered	T078	C0750591
27255214	388	402	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27255214	437	450	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27255214	466	476	structures	T082	C0678594
27255214	499	503	goal	T078	C1947946
27255214	504	515	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27255214	517	539	Hierarchical targeting	T169	C1521840
27255214	543	548	novel	T080	C0205314
27255214	549	558	targeting	T169	C1521840
27255214	559	567	strategy	T062	C0035171
27255214	577	584	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27255214	585	599	responsiveness	T032	C0871261
27255214	612	621	potential	T080	C3245505
27255214	625	632	enhance	T169	C0442805
27255214	638	650	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27255214	651	663	accumulation	UnknownType	C0678759
27255214	666	675	retention	T039	C0814008
27255214	680	704	cellular internalization	T043	C0014139
27255214	723	729	design	T052	C1707689
27255214	734	745	development	T169	C1527148
27255214	749	771	hierarchical targeting	T169	C1521840
27255214	796	806	changeable	T169	C0392747
27255214	807	821	particle sizes	T081	C0030608
27255214	823	833	switchable	T169	C0205245
27255214	834	849	surface charges	T080	C0205556
27255214	854	865	activatable	T169	C0205245
27255214	866	873	surface	T082	C0205148
27255214	874	881	ligands	T103	C0023688
27255214	891	901	introduced	T169	C1292748
27255214	919	928	targeting	T169	C1521840
27255214	929	937	moieties	T077	C3641152
27255214	979	985	during	T079	C0347984
27255214	986	1003	blood circulation	T039	C0005775
27255214	1008	1017	efficient	T080	C0442799
27255214	1018	1030	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27255214	1031	1043	accumulation	UnknownType	C0678759
27255214	1049	1061	re-activated	T169	C0205245
27255214	1073	1081	internal	T082	C0205102
27255214	1085	1093	external	T082	C0205101
27255214	1094	1101	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27255214	1109	1131	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
27255214	1136	1144	enhanced	T169	C0442805
27255214	1145	1169	cellular internalization	T043	C0014139

27255399|t|Subsolid pulmonary nodule morphology and associated patient characteristics in a routine clinical population
27255399|a|To determine the presence and morphology of subsolid pulmonary nodules (SSNs) in a non-screening setting and relate them to clinical and patient characteristics. A total of 16,890 reports of clinically obtained chest CT (06/2011 to 11/2014, single-centre) were searched describing an SSN. Subjects with a visually confirmed SSN and at least two thin-slice CTs were included. Nodule volumes were measured. Progression was defined as volume increase exceeding the software interscan variation. Nodule morphology, location, and patient characteristics were evaluated. Fifteen transient and 74 persistent SSNs were included (median follow-up 19.6 [8.3-36.8] months). Subjects with an SSN were slightly older than those without (62 vs. 58 years; p = 0.01), but no gender predilection was found. SSNs were mostly located in the upper lobes. Women showed significantly more often persistent lesions than men (94 % vs. 69 %; p = 0.002). Part-solid lesions were larger (1638 vs. 383 mm(3); p < 0.001) and more often progressive (68 % vs. 38 %; p = 0.02), compared to pure ground-glass nodules. Progressive SSNs were rare under the age of 50 years. Logistic regression analysis did not identify additional nodule parameters of future progression, apart from part-solid nature. This study confirms previously reported characteristics of SSNs and associated factors in a European, routine clinical population. • SSNs in women are significantly more often persistent compared to men. • SSN persistence is not associated with age or prior malignancy. • The majority of (persistent) SSNs are located in the upper lung lobes. • A part-solid nature is associated with future nodule growth. • Progressive solitary SSNs are rare under the age of 50 years.
27255399	0	25	Subsolid pulmonary nodule	T033	C0034079
27255399	26	36	morphology	T080	C0332437
27255399	52	75	patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27255399	81	88	routine	T080	C0205547
27255399	89	97	clinical	T080	C0205210
27255399	98	108	population	T098	C1257890
27255399	126	134	presence	T080	C3854307
27255399	139	149	morphology	T080	C0332437
27255399	153	179	subsolid pulmonary nodules	T033	C0034079
27255399	181	185	SSNs	T033	C0034079
27255399	192	213	non-screening setting	T082	C3176918
27255399	233	241	clinical	T201	C0683325
27255399	246	269	patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27255399	289	296	reports	T170	C0684224
27255399	300	310	clinically	T080	C0205210
27255399	320	328	chest CT	T060	C0202823
27255399	393	396	SSN	T033	C0034079
27255399	398	406	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27255399	414	422	visually	T169	C0234621
27255399	433	436	SSN	T033	C0034079
27255399	454	468	thin-slice CTs	T060	C0040405
27255399	484	490	Nodule	T020	C0028259
27255399	491	498	volumes	T081	C0449468
27255399	504	512	measured	T080	C0444706
27255399	514	525	Progression	T169	C0449258
27255399	541	547	volume	T081	C0449468
27255399	571	589	software interscan	T060	C0441633
27255399	590	599	variation	T080	C0205419
27255399	601	607	Nodule	T020	C0028259
27255399	608	618	morphology	T080	C0332437
27255399	620	628	location	T029	C1515974
27255399	634	657	patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27255399	663	672	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27255399	682	691	transient	T079	C0205374
27255399	699	709	persistent	T079	C0205322
27255399	710	714	SSNs	T033	C0034079
27255399	737	746	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27255399	763	769	months	T079	C0439231
27255399	772	780	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27255399	789	792	SSN	T033	C0034079
27255399	843	848	years	T079	C0439234
27255399	868	874	gender	T032	C0079399
27255399	875	887	predilection	T078	C0242568
27255399	899	903	SSNs	T033	C0034079
27255399	916	923	located	T082	C0450429
27255399	931	942	upper lobes	T023	C0225756
27255399	944	949	Women	T098	C0043210
27255399	957	970	significantly	T078	C0750502
27255399	982	992	persistent	T079	C0205322
27255399	993	1000	lesions	T033	C0221198
27255399	1006	1009	men	T098	C0025266
27255399	1038	1056	Part-solid lesions	T033	C3826968
27255399	1116	1127	progressive	T169	C0205329
27255399	1172	1192	ground-glass nodules	T033	C3826968
27255399	1194	1205	Progressive	T169	C0205329
27255399	1206	1210	SSNs	T033	C0034079
27255399	1231	1234	age	T032	C0001779
27255399	1241	1246	years	T079	C0439234
27255399	1248	1276	Logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27255399	1305	1311	nodule	T020	C0028259
27255399	1312	1322	parameters	T033	C0449381
27255399	1333	1344	progression	T169	C0449258
27255399	1357	1374	part-solid nature	T080	C0449786
27255399	1381	1386	study	T062	C2603343
27255399	1416	1431	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27255399	1435	1439	SSNs	T033	C0034079
27255399	1455	1462	factors	T169	C1521761
27255399	1468	1476	European	T098	C0239307
27255399	1478	1485	routine	T080	C0205547
27255399	1486	1494	clinical	T080	C0205210
27255399	1495	1505	population	T098	C1257890
27255399	1509	1513	SSNs	T033	C0034079
27255399	1517	1522	women	T098	C0043210
27255399	1527	1540	significantly	T078	C0750502
27255399	1552	1562	persistent	T079	C0205322
27255399	1575	1578	men	T098	C0025266
27255399	1582	1585	SSN	T033	C0034079
27255399	1586	1597	persistence	T079	C0205322
27255399	1621	1624	age	T032	C0001779
27255399	1628	1633	prior	T079	C0332152
27255399	1634	1644	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27255399	1665	1675	persistent	T079	C0205322
27255399	1677	1681	SSNs	T033	C0034079
27255399	1701	1717	upper lung lobes	T023	C0225756
27255399	1723	1740	part-solid nature	T080	C0449786
27255399	1744	1759	associated with	T080	C0332281
27255399	1767	1773	nodule	T020	C0028259
27255399	1774	1780	growth	T042	C1621966
27255399	1784	1795	Progressive	T169	C0205329
27255399	1796	1809	solitary SSNs	T191	C2350019
27255399	1814	1818	rare	T080	C0522498
27255399	1829	1832	age	T032	C0001779
27255399	1839	1844	years	T079	C0439234

27255411|t|Dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging identifies early perfusion abnormalities in diabetes and hypertension: Insights from a multicenter registry
27255411|a|To identify patients with early signs of myocardial perfusion reduction, a reference base for perfusion measures is needed. To analyze perfusion parameters derived from dynamic computed tomography perfusion imaging (CTPI) in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), and relationship with risk factors. In this multicenter study, coronary CT angiography (cCTA) and dynamic CTPI were performed by second-generation dual-source CT in patients suspected of CAD. Risk factors were collected from hospital records. Patients with visual perfusion defects on CTPI, previous coronary intervention, or missing risk factor details were excluded. This analysis included 98 patients (mean age ± standard deviation [SD], 59.0 ± 8.6yrs; 73 male). Global measures of left ventricular myocardial blood flow (MBF), myocardial blood volume (MBV) and volume transfer constant (K(trans)) were calculated. Mean MBF was 139.3 ± 31.4 mL/100 mL/min, MBV 19.1 ± 2.7 mL/100 mL, and Ktrans 85.0 ± 17.5 mL/100 mL/min. No significant differences in perfusion parameters were found by gender or age category. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus resulted in lower perfusion parameters (hypertension vs normotension: MBV 18.5 ± 3.0 vs 19.7 ± 2.3 mL/100 mL and K(trans) 82.0 ± 18.0 vs 89.0 ± 16.0, p < 0.05; diabetes vs no diabetes: MBF 128.5 ± 31.5 vs 144.0 ± 30.5 mL/100 mL/min and MBV 17.9 ± 2.4 vs 19.4 ± 2.8 mL/100 mL, p < 0.05). In patients with hyperlipidemia, MBF was higher (146.8 ± 34.4 vs 130.7 ± 24.3 mL/100 mL/min, p < 0.05). Smoking and family history did not show perfusion parameter differences. Dynamic CTPI identifies early perfusion disturbances in conditions like diabetes and hypertension. With further standardization, absolute perfusion measures may improve CAD risk stratification in patients without visual perfusion defects.
27255411	0	39	Dynamic CT myocardial perfusion imaging	T060	C3899514
27255411	51	56	early	T079	C1279919
27255411	57	66	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	67	80	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27255411	84	92	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27255411	97	109	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27255411	127	138	multicenter	T062	C1096776
27255411	139	147	registry	T170	C0034975
27255411	160	168	patients	T101	C0030705
27255411	174	185	early signs	T184	C0037088
27255411	189	209	myocardial perfusion	T032	C0428857
27255411	200	209	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	210	219	reduction	T080	C0392756
27255411	242	251	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	252	260	measures	T081	C0079809
27255411	283	292	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	293	303	parameters	T033	C0449381
27255411	317	362	dynamic computed tomography perfusion imaging	T060	C3899514
27255411	345	354	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	364	368	CTPI	T060	C3899514
27255411	373	381	patients	T101	C0030705
27255411	397	420	coronary artery disease	T047	C1956346
27255411	422	425	CAD	T047	C1956346
27255411	432	444	relationship	T080	C0439849
27255411	450	462	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27255411	472	489	multicenter study	T062	C1096776
27255411	491	514	coronary CT angiography	T060	C1634617
27255411	516	520	cCTA	T060	C1634617
27255411	526	538	dynamic CTPI	T060	C3899514
27255411	557	589	second-generation dual-source CT	T060	C0040405
27255411	593	601	patients	T101	C0030705
27255411	615	618	CAD	T047	C1956346
27255411	620	632	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
27255411	653	669	hospital records	T073,T170	C0019980
27255411	671	679	Patients	T101	C0030705
27255411	685	691	visual	T169	C0234621
27255411	692	701	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	702	709	defects	T169	C1457869
27255411	713	717	CTPI	T060	C3899514
27255411	728	749	coronary intervention	T061	C0184661
27255411	762	773	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27255411	802	810	analysis	T062	C0936012
27255411	823	831	patients	T101	C0030705
27255411	887	891	male	T098	C0025266
27255411	901	909	measures	T081	C0079809
27255411	913	929	left ventricular	T023	C0225897
27255411	930	951	myocardial blood flow	T042	C2986786
27255411	953	956	MBF	T042	C2986786
27255411	959	982	myocardial blood volume	T201	C0005850
27255411	984	987	MBV	T201	C0005850
27255411	993	1017	volume transfer constant	T081	C2986811
27255411	1019	1027	K(trans)	T081	C2986811
27255411	1051	1054	MBF	T042	C2986786
27255411	1087	1090	MBV	T201	C0005850
27255411	1181	1190	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	1191	1201	parameters	T033	C0449381
27255411	1216	1222	gender	T032	C0079399
27255411	1226	1229	age	T032	C0001779
27255411	1240	1252	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27255411	1257	1274	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27255411	1293	1302	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	1303	1313	parameters	T033	C0449381
27255411	1315	1327	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27255411	1331	1343	normotension	T033	C4068890
27255411	1345	1348	MBV	T201	C0005850
27255411	1388	1396	K(trans)	T081	C2986811
27255411	1435	1443	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27255411	1447	1458	no diabetes	T033	C0243095
27255411	1460	1463	MBF	T042	C2986786
27255411	1511	1514	MBV	T201	C0005850
27255411	1565	1573	patients	T101	C0030705
27255411	1579	1593	hyperlipidemia	T047	C0020473
27255411	1595	1598	MBF	T042	C2986786
27255411	1666	1673	Smoking	T055	C0037369
27255411	1678	1692	family history	T033	C0241889
27255411	1706	1715	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	1716	1725	parameter	T033	C0449381
27255411	1739	1751	Dynamic CTPI	T060	C3899514
27255411	1769	1778	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	1779	1791	disturbances	T080	C2699787
27255411	1811	1819	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27255411	1824	1836	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27255411	1851	1866	standardization	T062	C0038136
27255411	1877	1886	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	1887	1895	measures	T081	C0079809
27255411	1908	1911	CAD	T047	C1956346
27255411	1912	1916	risk	T078	C0035647
27255411	1917	1931	stratification	T062	C1514983
27255411	1935	1943	patients	T101	C0030705
27255411	1952	1958	visual	T169	C0234621
27255411	1959	1968	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27255411	1969	1976	defects	T169	C1457869

27255600|t|Cognition Enhancing Activity of Sulforaphane Against Scopolamine Induced Cognitive Impairment in Zebra Fish (Danio rerio)
27255600|a|Several epidemiological studies have shown that consumption of large quantities of vegetables especially cruciferous vegetables (Broccoli and Brussels sprouts) can protect against chronic diseases. Sulforaphane, an isothiocynate found in cruciferous vegetables has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in several experimental paradigms. This study was undertaken to examine the effect of sulforaphane on cognitive impairment in zebra fish model using a novel method of fear conditioning. Initially, the normal behaviour of zebra fishes was studied in light-dark tank for 10 min daily for 10 days. Fishes were then divided into seven groups of twelve in each. Group I served as normal, group II served as fear conditioned control, group III and group IV were sulforaphane (25 µM/L) and piracetam (200 mg/L) treated respectively. Group V served as scopolamine (400 µM/L) induced memory impairment fishes. Group VI and VII were sulforaphane (25 µM/L) and piracetam (200 mg/L) treated scopolamine induced memory impairment groups respectively. In normal behavioural analysis, fishes preferred to stay in dark compartment. The average number of entries into the dark and time spent in dark were significantly more. Fishes in group II to VII were individually subjected to fear conditioning passive avoidance task and evaluated for learned task memory. It was observed that the average number of entries into dark and time spent in dark were significantly decreased. After exposure to respective treatment fishes in group III to VII were subjected to cognitive evaluation. There was no significant difference in cognition of group III and IV fishes exposed to sulforaphane and piracetam alone respectively. Fishes exposed to scopolamine showed a significant cognitive impairment. Sulforaphane exposure prior to scopolamine significantly retained the memory of learned task. These findings suggest that sulforaphane might be a promising therapeutic agent for cognitive enhancement in Alzheimer's disease.
27255600	0	9	Cognition	T041	C0009240
27255600	10	19	Enhancing	T052	C2349975
27255600	20	28	Activity	T078	C1561536
27255600	32	44	Sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27255600	45	52	Against	T080	C0521124
27255600	53	64	Scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27255600	65	72	Induced	T169	C0205263
27255600	73	93	Cognitive Impairment	T048	C0338656
27255600	97	107	Zebra Fish	T013	C0043457
27255600	109	120	Danio rerio	T013	C0043457
27255600	122	129	Several	T081	C0443302
27255600	130	153	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
27255600	170	181	consumption	T052	C2983605
27255600	185	190	large	T081	C0549177
27255600	191	201	quantities	T081	C1265611
27255600	205	215	vegetables	T168	C0042440
27255600	227	249	cruciferous vegetables	T168	C0453113
27255600	251	259	Broccoli	T168	C0330499
27255600	264	280	Brussels sprouts	T168	C0330501
27255600	294	301	against	T080	C0521124
27255600	302	318	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
27255600	320	332	Sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27255600	337	350	isothiocynate	T109	C0029224
27255600	351	356	found	T033	C0150312
27255600	360	382	cruciferous vegetables	T168	C0453113
27255600	413	436	neuroprotective effects	T169	C0815279
27255600	440	447	several	T081	C0443302
27255600	448	470	experimental paradigms	T062	C0681797
27255600	477	482	study	T062	C2603343
27255600	513	519	effect	T080	C1280500
27255600	523	535	sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27255600	539	559	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27255600	563	573	zebra fish	T013	C0043457
27255600	574	579	model	T050	C0012644
27255600	588	593	novel	T080	C0205314
27255600	594	600	method	T170	C0025663
27255600	604	621	fear conditioning	T041	C0009649
27255600	638	644	normal	T080	C0205307
27255600	645	654	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27255600	658	670	zebra fishes	T013	C0043457
27255600	675	682	studied	T062	C2603343
27255600	686	701	light-dark tank	T073	C0337123
27255600	713	718	daily	T079	C0332173
27255600	726	730	days	T079	C0439228
27255600	732	738	Fishes	T013	C0043457
27255600	749	756	divided	T169	C0332849
27255600	762	767	seven	T081	C0205453
27255600	768	774	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	778	784	twelve	T081	C0205458
27255600	788	792	each	T081	C1457900
27255600	794	801	Group I	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	812	818	normal	T080	C0205307
27255600	820	828	group II	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	839	863	fear conditioned control	T041	C0009649
27255600	865	874	group III	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	879	887	group IV	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	893	905	sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27255600	920	929	piracetam	T109,T121	C0031977
27255600	941	948	treated	T169	C1522326
27255600	963	970	Group V	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	981	992	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27255600	1004	1011	induced	T169	C0205263
27255600	1012	1029	memory impairment	T048	C0233794
27255600	1030	1036	fishes	T013	C0043457
27255600	1038	1046	Group VI	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	1051	1054	VII	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	1060	1072	sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27255600	1087	1096	piracetam	T109,T121	C0031977
27255600	1108	1115	treated	T169	C1522326
27255600	1116	1127	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27255600	1128	1135	induced	T169	C0205263
27255600	1136	1153	memory impairment	T048	C0233794
27255600	1154	1160	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	1178	1184	normal	T080	C0205307
27255600	1185	1205	behavioural analysis	T058	C1160858
27255600	1207	1213	fishes	T013	C0043457
27255600	1235	1239	dark	T080	C0332582
27255600	1240	1251	compartment	T082	C0449719
27255600	1257	1264	average	T081	C1510992
27255600	1265	1271	number	T081	C0237753
27255600	1275	1282	entries	T071	C1551338
27255600	1292	1296	dark	T080	C0332582
27255600	1301	1305	time	T079	C0040223
27255600	1315	1319	dark	T080	C0332582
27255600	1325	1343	significantly more	T081	C4055637
27255600	1345	1351	Fishes	T013	C0043457
27255600	1355	1363	group II	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	1367	1370	VII	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	1402	1419	fear conditioning	T041	C0009649
27255600	1420	1442	passive avoidance task	T060	C0683443
27255600	1447	1456	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27255600	1461	1480	learned task memory	T041	C0025260
27255600	1489	1497	observed	T169	C1441672
27255600	1507	1514	average	T081	C1510992
27255600	1515	1521	number	T081	C0237753
27255600	1525	1532	entries	T071	C1551338
27255600	1538	1542	dark	T080	C0332582
27255600	1547	1551	time	T079	C0040223
27255600	1561	1565	dark	T080	C0332582
27255600	1571	1584	significantly	T081	C0237881
27255600	1585	1594	decreased	T081	C0205216
27255600	1602	1613	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27255600	1625	1634	treatment	T169	C1522326
27255600	1635	1641	fishes	T013	C0043457
27255600	1645	1654	group III	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	1658	1661	VII	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	1680	1689	cognitive	T041	C0009240
27255600	1690	1700	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27255600	1712	1726	no significant	T033	C1273937
27255600	1727	1737	difference	T080	C1705242
27255600	1741	1750	cognition	T041	C0009240
27255600	1754	1763	group III	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	1768	1770	IV	UnknownType	C0681860
27255600	1771	1777	fishes	T013	C0043457
27255600	1778	1788	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27255600	1789	1801	sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27255600	1806	1815	piracetam	T109,T121	C0031977
27255600	1836	1842	Fishes	T013	C0043457
27255600	1843	1853	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27255600	1854	1865	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27255600	1875	1886	significant	T081	C0237881
27255600	1887	1907	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27255600	1909	1921	Sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27255600	1940	1951	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27255600	1952	1965	significantly	T081	C0237881
27255600	1979	1985	memory	T041	C0025260
27255600	1989	1996	learned	T041	C0023185
27255600	1997	2001	task	T169	C1317878
27255600	2009	2017	findings	T033	C0243095
27255600	2018	2025	suggest	T078	C1705535
27255600	2031	2043	sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27255600	2065	2082	therapeutic agent	T121	C1611640
27255600	2087	2096	cognitive	T041	C0009240
27255600	2097	2108	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27255600	2112	2131	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395

27256046|t|Value of MDM2, CDK4 and SATB2 immunohistochemistry in histologic diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcoma
27256046|a|To investigate the value of combined application of MDM2, CDK4 and SATB2 immunohistochemistry in pathological diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcoma. Forty-seven cases of low grade osteosarcoma, including low grade central osteosarcoma (n=20) and parosteal osteosarcoma (n=27), were selected from Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital. The clinical, radiography and histopathology were reviewed. The sensitivity and specificity of MDM2, CDK4 and SATB2 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcoma were assessed along with an evaluation of their expressions in fibrous dysplasia, desmoplastic fibroma, low-grade fibrosarcoma and other fibrous tumors. Low-grade osteosarcoma had protracted clinical course, occurring mostly in elder adults and mainly involving long bones. Radiographic studies showed that low-grade central osteosarcoma had a mainly malignant lytic presentation, however about 5/18 of t umors overlapping with intermediate and benign bone diseases, while parosteal osteosarcoma was characterized by a densely sclerotic malignant appearance. Histologically, low-grade osteosarcoma s were characterized by well-differentiated spindle tumor cells, various mature tumor bones and an aggressive growth pattern. The positive expression rates of MDM2 and CDK4 in low-grade osteosarcoma were 74.5% and 55.3%, respectively. Eighty-three percent of low-grade osteosarcoma expressed one or both markers. Low-grade osteosarcoma and fibrous dysplasia were both positive for SATB2, while desmoplastic fibroma, low-grade fibrosacoma and other fibrous tumors were negative for SATB2. Accurate diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcoma should be based on combination of clinical presentation, imaging and histopathology, with immunohistochemistry as a diagnostic adjunct. Positive immunostaining for CDK4 and/or MDM2 supports the diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcoma, but the negative one does not rule out such lesion. The negative expression of SATB2 is helpful to exclude fibrous tumors originating from bone with the exception of fibrous dysplasia.
27256046	9	13	MDM2	T116,T123	C0127306
27256046	15	19	CDK4	T116,T126	C0246957
27256046	24	29	SATB2	T116,T123	C1958595
27256046	30	50	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27256046	54	64	histologic	T201	C0449574
27256046	65	74	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27256046	78	87	low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	88	100	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	153	157	MDM2	T116,T123	C0127306
27256046	159	163	CDK4	T116,T126	C0246957
27256046	168	173	SATB2	T116,T123	C1958595
27256046	174	194	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27256046	198	210	pathological	T169	C1521733
27256046	211	220	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27256046	224	233	low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	234	246	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	269	278	low grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	279	291	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	303	333	low grade central osteosarcoma	T191	C3814534
27256046	345	367	parosteal osteosarcoma	T191	C0206642
27256046	395	423	Shanghai Jiaotong University	T073,T092	C0041740
27256046	439	462	Sixth People's Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27256046	468	476	clinical	T080	C0205210
27256046	478	489	radiography	T060	C0043299
27256046	494	508	histopathology	T034	C0428093
27256046	514	522	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27256046	528	555	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
27256046	559	563	MDM2	T116,T123	C0127306
27256046	565	569	CDK4	T116,T126	C0246957
27256046	574	579	SATB2	T116,T123	C1958595
27256046	580	600	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27256046	608	617	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27256046	621	630	low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	631	643	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	649	657	assessed	T058	C0220825
27256046	672	682	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27256046	692	703	expressions	T045	C1171362
27256046	707	724	fibrous dysplasia	T019	C0259779
27256046	726	746	desmoplastic fibroma	T191	C0206645
27256046	748	757	low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	758	770	fibrosarcoma	T191	C0016057
27256046	781	795	fibrous tumors	T191	C0206643
27256046	797	806	Low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	807	819	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	824	850	protracted clinical course	T033	C4228198
27256046	872	884	elder adults	T100	C0001675
27256046	906	910	long	T080	C0205166
27256046	911	916	bones	T023	C0262950
27256046	951	981	low-grade central osteosarcoma	T191	C3814534
27256046	995	1004	malignant	T080	C0205282
27256046	1005	1010	lytic	T080	C0439680
27256046	1011	1023	presentation	T078	C0449450
27256046	1049	1066	umors overlapping	T185	C1264754
27256046	1089	1095	benign	T080	C0205183
27256046	1096	1109	bone diseases	T047	C0005940
27256046	1117	1139	parosteal osteosarcoma	T191	C0206642
27256046	1171	1180	sclerotic	T169	C0334135
27256046	1181	1190	malignant	T080	C0205282
27256046	1191	1201	appearance	T080	C0700364
27256046	1203	1217	Histologically	T201	C0449574
27256046	1219	1228	low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	1229	1241	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	1286	1293	spindle	T025	C0682540
27256046	1294	1305	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27256046	1315	1321	mature	T024	C0682560
27256046	1322	1333	tumor bones	T191	C0005967
27256046	1341	1351	aggressive	T079	C0580822
27256046	1352	1366	growth pattern	T033	C1156245
27256046	1372	1391	positive expression	T045	C1171362
27256046	1401	1405	MDM2	T116,T123	C0127306
27256046	1410	1414	CDK4	T116,T126	C0246957
27256046	1418	1427	low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	1428	1440	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	1501	1510	low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	1511	1523	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	1555	1564	Low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	1565	1577	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	1582	1599	fibrous dysplasia	T019	C0259779
27256046	1610	1618	positive	T033	C1514241
27256046	1623	1628	SATB2	T116,T123	C1958595
27256046	1636	1656	desmoplastic fibroma	T191	C0206645
27256046	1658	1667	low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	1668	1679	fibrosacoma	T191	C0016057
27256046	1690	1704	fibrous tumors	T191	C0206643
27256046	1710	1718	negative	T033	C1513916
27256046	1723	1728	SATB2	T116,T123	C1958595
27256046	1739	1748	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27256046	1752	1761	low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	1762	1774	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	1794	1805	combination	T080	C0205195
27256046	1809	1830	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
27256046	1832	1839	imaging	T060	C0011923
27256046	1844	1858	histopathology	T034	C0428093
27256046	1865	1885	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27256046	1891	1901	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27256046	1902	1909	adjunct	T169	C1719882
27256046	1911	1934	Positive immunostaining	T059	C0487602
27256046	1939	1943	CDK4	T116,T126	C0246957
27256046	1951	1955	MDM2	T116,T123	C0127306
27256046	1969	1978	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27256046	1982	1991	low-grade	T033	C1962916
27256046	1992	2004	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27256046	2050	2056	lesion	T033	C0221198
27256046	2071	2081	expression	T045	C1171362
27256046	2085	2090	SATB2	T116,T123	C1958595
27256046	2113	2127	fibrous tumors	T191	C0206643
27256046	2145	2149	bone	T023	C0262950
27256046	2172	2189	fibrous dysplasia	T019	C0259779

27256126|t|Biobank and Genomic Research in Uganda: Are Extant Privacy and Confidentiality Regimes Adequate?
27256126|a|Not many African countries have been able to develop a robust system for regulating health research within their respective jurisdictions, particularly in the realm of biobanking and genomics. This is not without reason. Aside from underdevelopment and all that it entails or perhaps in consequence thereof, countries in the region have been unable to make significant strides in medical research. But there are exceptions. Amongst the few seeming success stories is Uganda. Nonetheless, although the country has developed what appears to be a functional framework to govern genomic research and biobanking, the consistency of key provisions with international standards, especially those pertaining to privacy of research participants and confidentiality of their health information, is not at all clear. Yet, making this determination - the main objective of this article - is critical in determining the adequacy of protection available to human research subjects in the country.
27256126	0	7	Biobank	T073	C1711176
27256126	12	19	Genomic	T091	C0887950
27256126	20	28	Research	T062	C0035168
27256126	32	38	Uganda	T083	C0041573
27256126	44	58	Extant Privacy	T078	C0080048
27256126	63	86	Confidentiality Regimes	T078	C0009669
27256126	87	95	Adequate	T080	C0205411
27256126	106	123	African countries	T083	C0001737
27256126	170	180	regulating	T064	C0851285
27256126	181	196	health research	T062	C0018757
27256126	221	234	jurisdictions	T170	C0680647
27256126	256	261	realm	T078	C3244047
27256126	265	275	biobanking	T073	C1711176
27256126	280	288	genomics	T091	C0887950
27256126	329	345	underdevelopment	UnknownType	C0681082
27256126	384	403	consequence thereof	T169	C0686907
27256126	405	414	countries	T083	C0454664
27256126	422	428	region	T083	C0017446
27256126	477	493	medical research	T062	C0079816
27256126	545	552	success	T054	C0597535
27256126	564	570	Uganda	T083	C0041573
27256126	598	619	country has developed	T080	C0282613
27256126	641	661	functional framework	T077	C1709697
27256126	672	679	genomic	T091	C0887950
27256126	680	688	research	T062	C0035168
27256126	693	703	biobanking	T073	C1711176
27256126	709	720	consistency	T080	C0332529
27256126	744	757	international	T078	C1512888
27256126	758	767	standards	T170	C0038137
27256126	800	807	privacy	T078	C0080048
27256126	811	819	research	T062	C0035168
27256126	820	832	participants	T098	C0679646
27256126	837	852	confidentiality	T078	C0009669
27256126	862	880	health information	T058	C0850397
27256126	945	954	objective	T170	C0018017
27256126	963	970	article	T170	C1706852
27256126	976	984	critical	T080	C1511545
27256126	1004	1012	adequacy	T080	C0205411
27256126	1016	1026	protection	T033	C1545588
27256126	1040	1045	human	T016	C0086418
27256126	1046	1063	research subjects	T098	C0080105
27256126	1071	1078	country	T083	C0454664

27256373|t|Impact of a Casino Opening on Gambling Behaviors of People Engaged in Methadone Maintenance
27256373|a|This study examined gambling behavior in the context of a newly opening casino, comparing disordered gamblers to non-disordered gamblers, in a population of individuals involved in methadone maintenance treatment. Disordered gamblers (N = 50) and non-disordered gamblers (N = 50) were surveyed before and after the opening of a new casino on gambling behaviors, substance use, and psychological symptoms. No statistically significant changes in gambling behaviors were observed for disordered gamblers or non-disordered gamblers across time points; however, non-disordered gamblers demonstrated non-significant increases in horse and dog race betting, electronic games, and casino table games. As expected, disordered gamblers were found to spend significantly more money on electronic games and casino table games (p < 0.05) and demonstrated higher rates of drug use and impulsivity than non-disordered gamblers. The introduction of a new casino did not appear to have a major impact on gambling behaviors of individuals attending methadone maintenance treatment, though the non-significant increases in gambling among non-disordered gamblers may indicate that this population is preferentially impacted by the opening of a new casino. Future investigation into the longer term effects of opening a new casino on this population may be warranted.
27256373	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27256373	12	18	Casino	T073	C0442564
27256373	19	26	Opening	T082	C0175566
27256373	30	38	Gambling	T055	C0016995
27256373	39	48	Behaviors	T053	C0004927
27256373	52	58	People	T098	C0027361
27256373	70	79	Methadone	T109,T121	C0025605
27256373	80	91	Maintenance	T052	C0024501
27256373	112	120	gambling	T055	C0016995
27256373	121	129	behavior	T053	C0004927
27256373	156	163	opening	T082	C0175566
27256373	164	170	casino	T073	C0442564
27256373	172	181	comparing	T052	C1707455
27256373	182	201	disordered gamblers	T055	C0858352
27256373	205	228	non-disordered gamblers	T055	C0858352
27256373	235	245	population	T098	C1257890
27256373	249	260	individuals	T098	C0027361
27256373	273	304	methadone maintenance treatment	T061	C0746569
27256373	306	325	Disordered gamblers	T055	C0858352
27256373	339	362	non-disordered gamblers	T055	C0858352
27256373	377	385	surveyed	T062	C0178803
27256373	407	414	opening	T082	C0175566
27256373	424	430	casino	T073	C0442564
27256373	434	442	gambling	T055	C0016995
27256373	443	452	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27256373	454	467	substance use	T033	C0946431
27256373	473	495	psychological symptoms	T184	C0233397
27256373	497	533	No statistically significant changes	T033	C0243095
27256373	537	545	gambling	T055	C0016995
27256373	546	555	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27256373	574	593	disordered gamblers	T055	C0858352
27256373	597	620	non-disordered gamblers	T055	C0858352
27256373	650	673	non-disordered gamblers	T055	C0858352
27256373	687	712	non-significant increases	T033	C0243095
27256373	716	721	horse	T015	C0019944
27256373	716	742	horse and dog race betting	T055	C0016995
27256373	726	729	dog	T015	C0012984
27256373	744	760	electronic games	T073	C0042649
27256373	766	772	casino	T073	C0442564
27256373	773	784	table games	T170	C4288387
27256373	799	818	disordered gamblers	T055	C0858352
27256373	833	863	spend significantly more money	T033	C3842916
27256373	867	883	electronic games	T073	C0042649
27256373	888	894	casino	T073	C0442564
27256373	895	906	table games	T170	C4288387
27256373	951	959	drug use	T048	C0242510
27256373	964	975	impulsivity	T055	C0021125
27256373	981	1004	non-disordered gamblers	T055	C0858352
27256373	1032	1038	casino	T073	C0442564
27256373	1070	1076	impact	T080	C4049986
27256373	1080	1088	gambling	T055	C0016995
27256373	1089	1098	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27256373	1102	1113	individuals	T098	C0027361
27256373	1124	1155	methadone maintenance treatment	T061	C0746569
27256373	1168	1193	non-significant increases	T033	C0243095
27256373	1197	1205	gambling	T055	C0016995
27256373	1212	1235	non-disordered gamblers	T055	C0858352
27256373	1259	1269	population	T098	C1257890
27256373	1288	1296	impacted	T080	C4049986
27256373	1304	1311	opening	T082	C0175566
27256373	1321	1327	casino	T073	C0442564
27256373	1329	1335	Future	T079	C0016884
27256373	1336	1349	investigation	T169	C1292732
27256373	1359	1378	longer term effects	T067	C0023983
27256373	1382	1389	opening	T082	C0175566
27256373	1396	1402	casino	T073	C0442564
27256373	1411	1421	population	T098	C1257890

27256491|t|Association between Leukoaraiosis and Poor Outcome is not due to Reperfusion Inefficiency after Intravenous Thrombolysis
27256491|a|Leukoaraiosis (LA) is associated with structural and functional cerebrovascular impairment, which may compromise the capacity of ischemic tissue to maximize reperfusion after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). We aimed to determine whether severe LA is correlated with reperfusion inefficiency, which contributes to infarct growth and poor functional outcome. We analyzed data from our consecutive acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who had acquired baseline and 24-h follow-up diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging. Reperfusion was defined as reduction of ≥70 % of hypoperfusion lesion at 24 h from baseline. Severe LA was defined as Fazekas score 2 or 3 on FLAIR images. We investigated the relationship between severity of LA and reperfusion status. Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out for modeling the independent predictors of reperfusion, infarct growth, and functional outcome. Finally, 79 patients were included, among them 30 (37.97 %) had severe LA. Reperfusion was observed in 41 (51.89 %) patients, the proportion of reperfusion was very similar in patients with and without severe LA (53.33 vs 51.02 %, p = 1.000). Large artery occlusion was the only independent unfavorable predictor for reperfusion (OR = 0.202, 95 % confidence interval, 0.060-0.673; p = 0.014). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that severe LA was independently associated with infarct growth (standardized coefficients = 0.191, p = 0.040). Severe LA was also an independent predictor of poor outcome (mRS ≥ 3) (OR = 4.004, 95 % confidence interval, 1.267-12.656, p = 0.018) after adjusting for reperfusion and baseline severity of stroke. Severe LA was associated with infarct growth and poor outcome independent of reperfusion status, which may expand the notion that LA contributes the intrinsic vulnerability of brain tissue to acute ischemic insults. The burden of LA may not serve as an imaging indicator of reperfusion inefficiency after IVT for AIS patients.
27256491	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27256491	20	33	Leukoaraiosis	T046	C0948163
27256491	38	50	Poor Outcome	T033	C3806166
27256491	65	76	Reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	77	89	Inefficiency	T033	C0231184
27256491	96	120	Intravenous Thrombolysis	T061	C0040044
27256491	121	134	Leukoaraiosis	T046	C0948163
27256491	136	138	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	143	158	associated with	T080	C0332281
27256491	159	169	structural	T037	C0270611
27256491	174	211	functional cerebrovascular impairment	T037	C0270611
27256491	238	246	capacity	T081	C1516240
27256491	250	258	ischemic	T169	C0475224
27256491	259	265	tissue	T024	C0040300
27256491	278	289	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	296	320	intravenous thrombolysis	T061	C0040044
27256491	322	325	IVT	T061	C0040044
27256491	358	364	severe	T080	C0205082
27256491	365	367	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	387	398	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	399	411	inefficiency	T033	C0231184
27256491	434	448	infarct growth	T067	C2911660
27256491	453	476	poor functional outcome	T033	C3806166
27256491	516	537	acute ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27256491	539	542	AIS	T047	C0948008
27256491	544	552	patients	T101	C0030705
27256491	570	578	baseline	T081	C1442488
27256491	588	597	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27256491	598	608	diffusion-	T060	C0598801
27256491	613	639	perfusion-weighted imaging	T060	C4287652
27256491	641	652	Reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	668	677	reduction	T061	C0441610
27256491	690	703	hypoperfusion	T046	C0442856
27256491	704	710	lesion	T033	C0221198
27256491	724	732	baseline	T081	C1442488
27256491	734	740	Severe	T080	C0205082
27256491	741	743	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	759	772	Fazekas score	T081	C0449820
27256491	783	795	FLAIR images	T060	C4285947
27256491	817	829	relationship	T080	C0439849
27256491	838	846	severity	T080	C0439793
27256491	850	852	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	857	868	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	877	889	Multivariate	T081	C0026777
27256491	890	910	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27256491	931	939	modeling	T062	C0870071
27256491	956	966	predictors	T078	C2698872
27256491	970	981	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	983	997	infarct growth	T067	C2911660
27256491	1003	1021	functional outcome	T169	C1274040
27256491	1035	1043	patients	T101	C0030705
27256491	1087	1093	severe	T080	C0205082
27256491	1094	1096	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	1098	1109	Reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	1114	1122	observed	T169	C1441672
27256491	1139	1147	patients	T101	C0030705
27256491	1167	1178	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	1199	1207	patients	T101	C0030705
27256491	1225	1231	severe	T080	C0205082
27256491	1232	1234	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	1272	1288	artery occlusion	T046	C0264995
27256491	1326	1335	predictor	T078	C2698872
27256491	1340	1351	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	1370	1389	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27256491	1416	1451	Multiple linear regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27256491	1466	1472	severe	T080	C0205082
27256491	1473	1475	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	1494	1509	associated with	T080	C0332281
27256491	1510	1524	infarct growth	T067	C2911660
27256491	1539	1551	coefficients	T081	C1707429
27256491	1573	1579	Severe	T080	C0205082
27256491	1580	1582	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	1607	1616	predictor	T078	C2698872
27256491	1620	1632	poor outcome	T033	C3806166
27256491	1661	1680	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27256491	1727	1738	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	1743	1751	baseline	T081	C1442488
27256491	1752	1760	severity	T080	C0439793
27256491	1764	1770	stroke	T047	C0038454
27256491	1772	1778	Severe	T080	C0205082
27256491	1779	1781	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	1786	1801	associated with	T080	C0332281
27256491	1802	1816	infarct growth	T067	C2911660
27256491	1821	1833	poor outcome	T033	C3806166
27256491	1849	1860	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	1902	1904	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	1921	1944	intrinsic vulnerability	T033	C1821973
27256491	1948	1960	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
27256491	1964	1986	acute ischemic insults	T046	C0022116
27256491	2002	2004	LA	T046	C0948163
27256491	2025	2042	imaging indicator	T169	C1522602
27256491	2046	2057	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27256491	2058	2070	inefficiency	T033	C0231184
27256491	2077	2080	IVT	T061	C0040044
27256491	2085	2088	AIS	T047	C0948008
27256491	2089	2097	patients	T101	C0030705

27256947|t|The Experience of Women Veterans Coming Back from War
27256947|a|Issues surrounding mental health are common for women veterans who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan wars. The goal of this phenomenological study was to document themes in the stories gathered from eight women veterans who had come back from war. Themes in the stories were: arriving with mixed sentiments; evolving to a changed view of self; permeating aggravation; confounding broken relationships, frequent deployments, and change in military status; remembering war experiences; and seeking opportunity for what is possible. Mental health issues can be observed in the themes. Including story as part of the mental health visit with veterans may be beneficial to veterans as they deal with the transition of coming back.
27256947	4	14	Experience	T041	C0596545
27256947	18	23	Women	T098	C0043210
27256947	24	32	Veterans	T098	C0042610
27256947	50	53	War	T052	C0043027
27256947	54	86	Issues surrounding mental health	T048	C4061796
27256947	102	107	women	T098	C0043210
27256947	108	116	veterans	T098	C0042610
27256947	136	140	Iraq	T083	C0022066
27256947	145	156	Afghanistan	T083	C0001732
27256947	157	161	wars	T052	C0043027
27256947	180	196	phenomenological	T078	C0871071
27256947	197	202	study	T062	C2603343
27256947	210	218	document	T170	C1301746
27256947	219	225	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27256947	233	240	stories	T170	C0282574
27256947	261	266	women	T098	C0043210
27256947	267	275	veterans	T098	C0042610
27256947	299	302	war	T052	C0043027
27256947	304	310	Themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27256947	318	325	stories	T170	C0282574
27256947	352	362	sentiments	T055	C0683293
27256947	378	385	changed	T169	C0392747
27256947	386	398	view of self	T041	C0242498
27256947	400	422	permeating aggravation	T033	C0243095
27256947	424	456	confounding broken relationships	T054	C2371543
27256947	458	478	frequent deployments	T033	C2321230
27256947	484	509	change in military status	T033	C1550416
27256947	511	522	remembering	T041	C0034770
27256947	523	526	war	T052	C0043027
27256947	527	538	experiences	T041	C0596545
27256947	544	584	seeking opportunity for what is possible	T033	C0243095
27256947	586	606	Mental health issues	T048	C4061796
27256947	630	636	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27256947	648	653	story	T170	C0282574
27256947	669	682	mental health	T041	C0025353
27256947	694	702	veterans	T098	C0042610
27256947	724	732	veterans	T098	C0042610
27256947	755	780	transition of coming back	T052	C2700061

27257056|t|A novel role for poly(C) binding proteins in programmed ribosomal frameshifting
27257056|a|Translational control through programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is exploited widely by viruses and increasingly documented in cellular genes. Frameshifting is induced by mRNA secondary structures that compromise ribosome fidelity during decoding of a heptanucleotide 'slippery' sequence. The nsp2 PRF signal of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus is distinctive in directing both -2 and -1 PRF and in its requirement for a trans-acting protein factor, the viral replicase subunit nsp1β. Here we show that the the trans-activation of frameshifting is carried out by a protein complex composed of nsp1β and a cellular poly(C) binding protein (PCBP). From the results of in vitro translation and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we demonstrate that a PCBP / nsp1β complex binds to a C-rich sequence downstream of the slippery sequence and here mimics the activity of a structured mRNA stimulator of PRF. This is the first description of a role for a trans-acting cellular protein in PRF. The discovery broadens the repertoire of activities associated with poly(C) binding proteins and prototypes a new class of virus - host interactions.
27257056	8	12	role	T077	C1705810
27257056	17	41	poly(C) binding proteins	T116,T123	C0242210
27257056	45	79	programmed ribosomal frameshifting	T045	C0282572
27257056	80	93	Translational	T045	C1519614
27257056	94	101	control	T080	C0243148
27257056	110	144	programmed ribosomal frameshifting	T045	C0282572
27257056	146	149	PRF	T045	C0282572
27257056	174	181	viruses	T005	C0042776
27257056	213	221	cellular	T025	C0007634
27257056	222	227	genes	T028	C0017337
27257056	229	242	Frameshifting	T045	C0282572
27257056	246	253	induced	T169	C0205263
27257056	257	282	mRNA secondary structures	T114,T123	C0035696
27257056	299	307	ribosome	T026	C0035553
27257056	308	316	fidelity	T043	C0007613
27257056	324	332	decoding	T169	C0205245
27257056	338	373	heptanucleotide 'slippery' sequence	T086	C0004793
27257056	379	383	nsp2	T116,T123	C0033684
27257056	384	387	PRF	T045	C0282572
27257056	388	394	signal	T044	C0037080
27257056	398	449	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus	T005	C0376536
27257056	483	485	-2	T045	C0282572
27257056	490	496	-1 PRF	T045	C0282572
27257056	508	519	requirement	T169	C1514873
27257056	526	553	trans-acting protein factor	T116,T123	C0033684
27257056	559	564	viral	T005	C0042776
27257056	565	588	replicase subunit nsp1β	T116,T123	C0033684
27257056	616	632	trans-activation	T045	C0040624
27257056	636	649	frameshifting	T045	C0282572
27257056	670	685	protein complex	T116,T123	C1180347
27257056	698	703	nsp1β	T116,T123	C0033684
27257056	710	718	cellular	T025	C0007634
27257056	719	742	poly(C) binding protein	T116,T123	C0242210
27257056	744	748	PCBP	T116,T123	C0242210
27257056	771	779	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27257056	780	791	translation	T045	C1519614
27257056	796	833	electrophoretic mobility shift assays	T059	C0949632
27257056	857	861	PCBP	T116,T123	C0242210
27257056	864	869	nsp1β	T116,T123	C0033684
27257056	870	877	complex	T116,T123	C1180347
27257056	889	904	C-rich sequence	T086	C0004793
27257056	905	915	downstream	T082	C0522506
27257056	923	940	slippery sequence	T086	C0004793
27257056	961	969	activity	T052	C0441655
27257056	986	990	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27257056	991	1001	stimulator	T123	C0574031
27257056	1005	1008	PRF	T045	C0282572
27257056	1045	1049	role	T077	C1705810
27257056	1056	1085	trans-acting cellular protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27257056	1089	1092	PRF	T045	C0282572
27257056	1135	1145	activities	T052	C0441655
27257056	1146	1161	associated with	T080	C0332281
27257056	1162	1186	poly(C) binding proteins	T116,T123	C0242210
27257056	1191	1201	prototypes	T080	C0205556
27257056	1217	1222	virus	T005	C0042776
27257056	1225	1229	host	T001	C1167395
27257056	1230	1242	interactions	T169	C1704675

27257063|t|RNA topoisomerase is prevalent in all domains of life and associates with polyribosomes in animals
27257063|a|DNA Topoisomerases are essential to resolve topological problems during DNA metabolism in all species. However, the prevalence and function of RNA topoisomerases remain uncertain. Here, we show that RNA topoisomerase activity is prevalent in Type IA topoisomerases from bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. Moreover, this activity always requires the conserved Type IA core domains and the same catalytic residue used in DNA topoisomerase reaction; however, it does not absolutely require the non-conserved carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD), which is necessary for relaxation reactions of supercoiled DNA. The RNA topoisomerase activity of human Top3β differs from that of Escherichia coli topoisomerase I in that the former but not the latter requires the CTD, indicating that topoisomerases have developed distinct mechanisms during evolution to catalyze RNA topoisomerase reactions. Notably, Top3β proteins from several animals associate with polyribosomes, which are units of mRNA translation, whereas the Top3 homologs from E. coli and yeast lack the association. The Top3β - polyribosome association requires TDRD3, which directly interacts with Top3β and is present in animals but not bacteria or yeast. We propose that RNA topoisomerases arose in the early RNA world, and that they are retained through all domains of DNA -based life, where they mediate mRNA translation as part of polyribosomes in animals.
27257063	0	17	RNA topoisomerase	T116,T126	C1336767
27257063	74	87	polyribosomes	T026	C0032592
27257063	91	98	animals	T008	C0003062
27257063	99	117	DNA Topoisomerases	T116,T126	C0949775
27257063	171	185	DNA metabolism	T045	C0683142
27257063	193	200	species	T185	C1705920
27257063	215	225	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27257063	230	238	function	T169	C0542341
27257063	242	260	RNA topoisomerases	T116,T126	C1336767
27257063	298	324	RNA topoisomerase activity	T045	C2257142
27257063	341	363	Type IA topoisomerases	T116,T126	C1336767
27257063	369	377	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27257063	379	386	archaea	T194	C0003732
27257063	392	399	eukarya	T204	C0684063
27257063	416	424	activity	T044	C1148560
27257063	445	475	conserved Type IA core domains	T086	C0009802
27257063	489	506	catalytic residue	T077	C1709915
27257063	515	541	DNA topoisomerase reaction	T045	C1150386
27257063	587	625	non-conserved carboxyl-terminal domain	T087	C1514562
27257063	627	630	CTD	T087	C1514562
27257063	656	676	relaxation reactions	T045	C0314627
27257063	680	695	supercoiled DNA	T114	C0012937
27257063	701	727	RNA topoisomerase activity	T045	C2257142
27257063	731	742	human Top3β	T116,T126	C1097583
27257063	764	780	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27257063	781	796	topoisomerase I	T116,T126	C0012920
27257063	848	851	CTD	T087	C1514562
27257063	869	883	topoisomerases	T116,T126	C1336767
27257063	908	918	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27257063	939	947	catalyze	T070	C0007382
27257063	948	965	RNA topoisomerase	T116,T126	C1336767
27257063	966	975	reactions	T067	C0596319
27257063	986	1000	Top3β proteins	T116,T126	C1097583
27257063	1014	1021	animals	T008	C0003062
27257063	1037	1050	polyribosomes	T026	C0032592
27257063	1071	1075	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27257063	1076	1087	translation	T045	C1519614
27257063	1120	1127	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27257063	1132	1137	yeast	T004	C0043393
27257063	1164	1169	Top3β	T116,T126	C1097583
27257063	1172	1184	polyribosome	T026	C0032592
27257063	1185	1196	association	T067	C0596306
27257063	1206	1211	TDRD3	T116,T123	C2607057
27257063	1243	1248	Top3β	T116,T126	C1097583
27257063	1267	1274	animals	T008	C0003062
27257063	1283	1291	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27257063	1295	1300	yeast	T004	C0043393
27257063	1318	1336	RNA topoisomerases	T116,T126	C1336767
27257063	1356	1359	RNA	T114	C0035668
27257063	1385	1393	retained	T169	C0333118
27257063	1417	1420	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27257063	1428	1432	life	T078	C0376558
27257063	1453	1457	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27257063	1458	1469	translation	T045	C1519614
27257063	1481	1494	polyribosomes	T026	C0032592
27257063	1498	1505	animals	T008	C0003062

27257207|t|First Draft Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus condimenti F-2T
27257207|a|This report describes the draft genome sequence of S. condimenti strain F-2(T) (DSM 11674), a potential starter culture. The genome assembly comprised 2,616,174 bp with 34.6% GC content. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation that reports the whole-genome sequence of S. condimenti.
27257207	0	11	First Draft	T170	C1547277
27257207	12	27	Genome Sequence	T085	C2348746
27257207	31	61	Staphylococcus condimenti F-2T	T007	C1027928
27257207	67	73	report	T170	C0684224
27257207	88	93	draft	T170	C1547277
27257207	94	109	genome sequence	T085	C2348746
27257207	113	152	S. condimenti strain F-2(T) (DSM 11674)	T007	C1027928
27257207	156	165	potential	T080	C3245505
27257207	166	181	starter culture	T059	C0430402
27257207	187	202	genome assembly	T085	C2348746
27257207	203	212	comprised	T052	C2700400
27257207	223	225	bp	T044	C0600436
27257207	237	247	GC content	T081	C1135899
27257207	297	310	documentation	T170	C0920316
27257207	316	323	reports	T170	C0684224
27257207	328	349	whole-genome sequence	T085	C2348746
27257207	353	366	S. condimenti	T007	C1027928

27257353|t|Trajectories of Health and Behavioral Health Services Use among Community Corrections -Involved Rural Adults
27257353|a|This article seeks to establish time-based trajectories of health and behavioral health services utilization for community corrections-involved (CCI) adults and to examine demographic and clinical correlates associated with these trajectories. To accomplish this aim, the authors applied a latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to services use data from a sample of rural CCI adults who reported their medical, mental health, and substance use treatment utilization behavior every 60 days for 1.5 years. LCGA established 1.5-year trajectories and demographic correlates of health services among rural CCI adults. For medical services, three classes emerged (stable-low users, 13%; stable-intermediate users, 40%; and stable-high users, 47%). For mental health and substance use services, three classes emerged (stable-low, 69% and 61%, respectively; low-baseline-increase, 10% and 12%, respectively; high-baseline decline, 21% and 28%, respectively). Employment, gender, medication usage, and depression severity predicted membership across all services. Results underscore the importance of social workers and other community services providers aligning health services access with the needs of the CCI population, and highlight CCI adults as being at risk of underservice in critical prevention and intervention domains.
27257353	0	12	Trajectories	T082	C0205134
27257353	16	22	Health	T078	C0018684
27257353	27	53	Behavioral Health Services	T058	C0009472
27257353	54	57	Use	T169	C0457083
27257353	64	73	Community	T096	C0009462
27257353	74	85	Corrections	T169	C1947976
27257353	96	101	Rural	T033	C0240919
27257353	102	108	Adults	T100	C0001675
27257353	152	164	trajectories	T082	C0205134
27257353	168	174	health	T078	C0018684
27257353	179	205	behavioral health services	T058	C0009472
27257353	206	217	utilization	T169	C0457083
27257353	222	252	community corrections-involved	T078	C0009463
27257353	254	257	CCI	T078	C0009463
27257353	259	265	adults	T100	C0001675
27257353	281	292	demographic	T078	C0011292
27257353	297	305	clinical	T080	C0205210
27257353	339	351	trajectories	T082	C0205134
27257353	399	427	latent class growth analysis	T062	C0936012
27257353	429	433	LCGA	T062	C0936012
27257353	438	446	services	T058	C0009472
27257353	473	478	rural	T033	C0240919
27257353	479	482	CCI	T078	C0009463
27257353	483	489	adults	T100	C0001675
27257353	509	516	medical	T169	C0205476
27257353	518	531	mental health	T041	C0025353
27257353	537	550	substance use	T078	C1705534
27257353	551	572	treatment utilization	UnknownType	C0815187
27257353	573	581	behavior	T053	C0004927
27257353	591	595	days	T079	C0439228
27257353	604	609	years	T079	C0439234
27257353	611	615	LCGA	T062	C0936012
27257353	628	636	1.5-year	T079	C0439234
27257353	637	649	trajectories	T082	C0205134
27257353	654	665	demographic	T078	C0011292
27257353	680	695	health services	T058	C0018747
27257353	702	707	rural	T033	C0240919
27257353	708	711	CCI	T078	C0009463
27257353	712	718	adults	T100	C0001675
27257353	724	740	medical services	T058	C0199168
27257353	776	781	users	T098	C1706077
27257353	808	813	users	T098	C1706077
27257353	836	841	users	T098	C1706077
27257353	853	866	mental health	T041	C0025353
27257353	871	884	substance use	T078	C1705534
27257353	885	893	services	T058	C0009472
27257353	1058	1068	Employment	T080	C0014003
27257353	1070	1076	gender	T032	C0079399
27257353	1078	1094	medication usage	T033	C0240320
27257353	1100	1110	depression	T048	C0011570
27257353	1111	1119	severity	T080	C0439793
27257353	1130	1140	membership	T055	C0680038
27257353	1152	1160	services	T058	C0009472
27257353	1199	1213	social workers	T097	C0037444
27257353	1224	1242	community services	T058	C0009472
27257353	1243	1252	providers	T097	C0018724
27257353	1262	1277	health services	T058	C0018747
27257353	1307	1310	CCI	T078	C0009463
27257353	1337	1340	CCI	T078	C0009463
27257353	1341	1347	adults	T100	C0001675
27257353	1360	1364	risk	T078	C0035647
27257353	1393	1403	prevention	T061	C0199176
27257353	1408	1428	intervention domains	T061	C0184661

27257613|t|Data set of interactomes and metabolic pathways of proteins differentially expressed in brains with Alzheimer׳s disease
27257613|a|Alzheimer׳s disease is one of the main causes of dementia in the elderly and its frequency is on the rise worldwide. It is considered the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, being many of them unknown. Therefore, there is a dire necessity for the identification of novel molecular players for the understanding of this disease. In this data article we determined the protein expression profiles of whole protein extracts from cortex regions of brains from patients with Alzheimer׳s disease in comparison to a normal brain. We identified 721 iTRAQ-labeled polypeptides with more than 95% in confidence. We analyzed all proteins that changed in their expression level and located them in the KEGG metabolic pathways, as well as in the mitochondrial complexes of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase. In addition, we analyzed the over- and sub-expressed polypeptides through IPA software, specifically Core I and Biomarkers I modules. Data in this article is related to the research article "Identification of proteins that are differentially expressed in brains with Alzheimer's disease using iTRAQ labeling and tandem mass spectrometry " (Minjarez et al., 2016) [1].
27257613	0	8	Data set	T170	C0150098
27257613	12	24	interactomes	T044	C0872079
27257613	29	47	metabolic pathways	T169	C1291081
27257613	51	59	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27257613	75	84	expressed	T045	C1171362
27257613	88	94	brains	T023	C0006104
27257613	100	119	Alzheimer׳s disease	T047	C0002395
27257613	120	139	Alzheimer׳s disease	T047	C0002395
27257613	169	177	dementia	T048	C0497327
27257613	185	192	elderly	T098	C0001792
27257613	201	210	frequency	T079	C0439603
27257613	226	235	worldwide	T098	C2700280
27257613	268	275	complex	T080	C0439855
27257613	276	288	interactions	T169	C1704675
27257613	297	304	genetic	T080	C0814299
27257613	309	330	environmental factors	T080	C0686732
27257613	429	446	molecular players	T116,T123	C0033684
27257613	477	484	disease	T047	C0002395
27257613	494	498	data	T078	C1511726
27257613	499	506	article	T170	C1706852
27257613	525	543	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27257613	562	569	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27257613	570	578	extracts	T167	C2828366
27257613	584	608	cortex regions of brains	T029	C0458324
27257613	614	622	patients	T101	C0030705
27257613	628	647	Alzheimer׳s disease	T047	C0002395
27257613	667	679	normal brain	T023	C0006104
27257613	684	694	identified	T080	C0205396
27257613	699	712	iTRAQ-labeled	T130	C2986808
27257613	713	725	polypeptides	T116	C1305923
27257613	763	771	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27257613	776	784	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27257613	807	823	expression level	T081	C3244092
27257613	848	871	KEGG metabolic pathways	T170	C3826812
27257613	891	946	mitochondrial complexes of the electron transport chain	T026	C1325653
27257613	951	963	ATP synthase	T116,T126	C0949692
27257613	981	989	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27257613	994	1030	over- and sub-expressed polypeptides	T116	C1305923
27257613	1039	1051	IPA software	T073,T170	C0037585
27257613	1066	1097	Core I and Biomarkers I modules	T170	C0037589
27257613	1099	1103	Data	T078	C1511726
27257613	1112	1119	article	T170	C1706852
27257613	1138	1146	research	T062	C0035168
27257613	1147	1154	article	T170	C1706852
27257613	1174	1182	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27257613	1207	1216	expressed	T045	C1171362
27257613	1220	1226	brains	T023	C0006104
27257613	1232	1251	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27257613	1258	1272	iTRAQ labeling	T059	C0022885
27257613	1277	1301	tandem mass spectrometry	T063	C0599748

27257694|t|Emergency general surgery specific frailty index: A validation study
27257694|a|Assessment of operative risk in geriatric patients undergoing emergency general surgery (EGS) is challenging. Frailty is an established measure for risk assessment in surgical cases. The aim of our study was to validate a modified 15 variable emergency general surgery specific frailty index (EGSFI). We prospectively collected geriatric (age > 65) emergency general surgery patients for 1- year. Post-operative complications were collected. Frailty Index was calculated for 200 patients based on their pre-admission condition using 50- variable modified Rockwood Frailty Index (FI). EGSFI was developed based on the regression model for complications and the most significant factors in the FI. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine cutoff for frail status. We validated our results using 60 patients for predicting complications. A total of 260 patients (200 developing, 60 Validation) were enrolled in this study. Mean age was 71 ± 11 years, and 33% developed complications. Most common complications were pneumonia (12%), UTI (9%), and wound infection (7%). Univariate analysis identified 15 variables significantly associated with complications that were used to develop the EGSFI. A cutoff frailty score of 0.325 was identified using ROC curve analysis for frail status .Sixty- patients (frail: 18, non-frail: 42) were enrolled in the validation cohort. Frail patients were more likely to have post-operative complications (47% vs. 20%, p < 0.001) compared to nonfrail patients. Frail status based on EGSFI was a significant predictor of post-operative complications (OR =7.3, 95% CI = 1.7 - 19.8; p=0.006). Age was not associated with postoperative complications (OR =0.99, 95% CI = 0.92 -1.06; p=0.86). The 15- variable validated EGSFI is a simple and reliable bedside tool to determine the frailty status of patients undergoing emergency general surgery. Frail status as determined by Abstract the EGSFI is an independent predictor of post-operative complications and mortality in geriatric emergency general surgery patients. Level II, Prognostic Studies - Investigating the Effect of a Patient Characteristic on the Outcome of Disease.
27257694	0	25	Emergency general surgery	T061	C2216322
27257694	26	48	specific frailty index	T170	C4075886
27257694	52	68	validation study	T062,T170	C0681836
27257694	69	79	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27257694	83	97	operative risk	T078	C0747003
27257694	101	119	geriatric patients	T101	C0870602
27257694	131	156	emergency general surgery	T061	C2216322
27257694	158	161	EGS	T061	C2216322
27257694	179	186	Frailty	T033	C0424594
27257694	205	212	measure	T081	C0079809
27257694	217	232	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
27257694	236	250	surgical cases	T077	C1706256
27257694	267	272	study	T062	C2603343
27257694	280	288	validate	T062	C1519941
27257694	303	311	variable	T080	C0439828
27257694	312	360	emergency general surgery specific frailty index	T058	C4075415
27257694	362	367	EGSFI	T058	C4075415
27257694	387	396	collected	T078	C1516695
27257694	397	406	geriatric	T080	C1704440
27257694	408	416	age > 65	T100	C0522003
27257694	418	443	emergency general surgery	T061	C2216322
27257694	444	452	patients	T101	C0870602
27257694	460	464	year	T079	C0439234
27257694	466	494	Post-operative complications	T046	C0032787
27257694	500	509	collected	T078	C1516695
27257694	511	524	Frailty Index	T170	C4075886
27257694	529	539	calculated	T059	C1443182
27257694	548	556	patients	T101	C0030705
27257694	572	585	pre-admission	T079	C0559269
27257694	586	595	condition	T080	C0348080
27257694	606	614	variable	T080	C0439828
27257694	624	646	Rockwood Frailty Index	T170	C4075886
27257694	648	650	FI	T170	C4075886
27257694	653	658	EGSFI	T058	C4075415
27257694	686	702	regression model	T170	C0034980
27257694	707	720	complications	T046	C0032787
27257694	761	763	FI	T170	C4075886
27257694	765	783	ROC curve analysis	T081	C0035787
27257694	811	817	cutoff	T169	C1442160
27257694	822	827	frail	T033	C0871754
27257694	828	834	status	T080	C0449438
27257694	839	848	validated	T062	C1519941
27257694	853	860	results	T169	C1274040
27257694	870	878	patients	T101	C0030705
27257694	883	893	predicting	T078	C0681842
27257694	894	907	complications	T046	C0032787
27257694	924	932	patients	T101	C0030705
27257694	953	963	Validation	T062	C1519941
27257694	970	978	enrolled	T058	C1516879
27257694	987	992	study	T062	C2603343
27257694	994	1002	Mean age	T032	C0001779
27257694	1015	1020	years	T079	C0439234
27257694	1040	1053	complications	T046	C0032787
27257694	1060	1066	common	T081	C0205214
27257694	1067	1080	complications	T046	C0032787
27257694	1086	1095	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27257694	1103	1106	UTI	T047	C0042029
27257694	1117	1132	wound infection	T046	C0043241
27257694	1139	1158	Univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
27257694	1173	1182	variables	T080	C0439828
27257694	1197	1212	associated with	T080	C0332281
27257694	1213	1226	complications	T046	C0032787
27257694	1257	1262	EGSFI	T058	C4075415
27257694	1266	1272	cutoff	T169	C1442160
27257694	1273	1286	frailty score	T033	C4075885
27257694	1317	1335	ROC curve analysis	T081	C0035787
27257694	1340	1345	frail	T033	C0871754
27257694	1346	1352	status	T080	C0449438
27257694	1361	1369	patients	T101	C0030705
27257694	1371	1376	frail	T033	C0871754
27257694	1382	1391	non-frail	T033	C0871754
27257694	1402	1410	enrolled	T058	C1516879
27257694	1418	1428	validation	T062	C1519941
27257694	1429	1435	cohort	T098	C0599755
27257694	1437	1442	Frail	T033	C0871754
27257694	1443	1451	patients	T101	C0030705
27257694	1477	1505	post-operative complications	T046	C0032787
27257694	1543	1560	nonfrail patients	T101	C0870602
27257694	1562	1567	Frail	T033	C0871754
27257694	1568	1574	status	T080	C0449438
27257694	1584	1589	EGSFI	T058	C4075415
27257694	1596	1617	significant predictor	T078	C2698872
27257694	1621	1649	post-operative complications	T046	C0032787
27257694	1651	1653	OR	T081	C0028873
27257694	1664	1666	CI	T081	C0009667
27257694	1691	1694	Age	T032	C0001779
27257694	1703	1718	associated with	T080	C0332281
27257694	1719	1746	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
27257694	1748	1750	OR	T081	C0028873
27257694	1762	1764	CI	T081	C0009667
27257694	1796	1804	variable	T080	C0439828
27257694	1805	1814	validated	T062	C1519941
27257694	1815	1820	EGSFI	T058	C4075415
27257694	1846	1858	bedside tool	T073	C4286058
27257694	1876	1890	frailty status	T033	C0424594
27257694	1894	1902	patients	T101	C0030705
27257694	1914	1939	emergency general surgery	T061	C2216322
27257694	1941	1946	Frail	T033	C0871754
27257694	1947	1953	status	T080	C0449438
27257694	1984	1989	EGSFI	T058	C4075415
27257694	1996	2017	independent predictor	T078	C2698872
27257694	2021	2049	post-operative complications	T046	C0032787
27257694	2054	2063	mortality	T081	C0205848
27257694	2067	2076	geriatric	T080	C1704440
27257694	2077	2102	emergency general surgery	T061	C2216322
27257694	2103	2111	patients	T101	C0870602
27257694	2123	2141	Prognostic Studies	T062	C0242481
27257694	2144	2157	Investigating	T169	C1292732
27257694	2162	2168	Effect	T080	C1280500
27257694	2174	2196	Patient Characteristic	T201	C1285579
27257694	2204	2222	Outcome of Disease	T033	C0679250

27257822|t|Comparative Epidemiologic Characteristics of Pertussis in 10 Central and Eastern European Countries, 2000-2013
27257822|a|We undertook an epidemiological survey of the annual incidence of pertussis reported from 2000 to 2013 in ten Central and Eastern European countries to ascertain whether increased pertussis reports in some countries share common underlying drivers or whether there are specific features in each country. The annual incidence of pertussis in the participating countries was obtained from relevant government institutions and/or national surveillance systems. We reviewed the changes in the pertussis incidence rates in each country to explore differences and/or similarities between countries in relation to pertussis surveillance; case definitions for detection and confirmation of pertussis; incidence and number of cases of pertussis by year, overall and by age group; population by year, overall and by age group; pertussis immunization schedule and coverage, and switch from whole-cell pertussis vaccines (wP) to acellular pertussis vaccines (aP). There was heterogeneity in the reported annual incidence rates and trends observed across countries. Reported pertussis incidence rates varied considerably, ranging from 0.01 to 96 per 100,000 population, with the highest rates generally reported in Estonia and the lowest in Hungary and Serbia. The greatest burden appears for the most part in infants (<1 year) in Bulgaria, Hungary, Latvia, Romania, and Serbia, but not in the other participating countries where the burden may have shifted to older children, though surveillance of adults may be inappropriate. There was no consistent pattern associated with the switch from wP to aP vaccines on reported pertussis incidence rates. The heterogeneity in reported data may be related to a number of factors including surveillance system characteristics or capabilities, different case definitions, type of pertussis confirmation tests used, public awareness of the disease, as well as real differences in the magnitude of the disease, or a combination of these factors. Our study highlights the need to standardize pertussis detection and confirmation in surveillance programs across Europe, complemented with carefully-designed seroprevalence studies using the same protocols and methodologies.
27257822	12	25	Epidemiologic	T169	C0014508
27257822	26	41	Characteristics	T080	C1521970
27257822	45	54	Pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	61	68	Central	T083	C0454714
27257822	73	99	Eastern European Countries	T083	C0015177
27257822	127	149	epidemiological survey	T062	C0376688
27257822	157	163	annual	T079	C0332181
27257822	164	173	incidence	T081	C0021149
27257822	177	186	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	187	195	reported	T058	C0700287
27257822	221	228	Central	T083	C0454714
27257822	233	259	Eastern European countries	T083	C0015177
27257822	291	300	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	301	308	reports	T170	C0025102
27257822	317	326	countries	T083	C0454664
27257822	389	397	features	T080	C2348519
27257822	406	413	country	T083	C0454664
27257822	419	425	annual	T079	C0332181
27257822	426	435	incidence	T081	C0021149
27257822	439	448	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	470	479	countries	T083	C0454664
27257822	507	530	government institutions	T093	C2607850
27257822	538	567	national surveillance systems	T093	C1708333
27257822	572	580	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27257822	585	592	changes	T169	C0392747
27257822	600	609	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	610	625	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27257822	634	641	country	T083	C0454664
27257822	653	664	differences	T080	C1705242
27257822	672	684	similarities	T080	C2348205
27257822	693	702	countries	T083	C0454664
27257822	718	727	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	728	740	surveillance	T169	C0220920
27257822	742	758	case definitions	T170	C0679227
27257822	763	772	detection	T033	C0442726
27257822	777	789	confirmation	T080	C0521091
27257822	793	802	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	804	813	incidence	T081	C0021149
27257822	818	833	number of cases	T081	C0021149
27257822	837	846	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	850	854	year	T079	C0439234
27257822	871	880	age group	T100	C0027362
27257822	882	892	population	T098	C1257890
27257822	896	900	year	T079	C0439234
27257822	917	926	age group	T100	C0027362
27257822	928	937	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	938	959	immunization schedule	T061	C0020972
27257822	964	972	coverage	T169	C1999244
27257822	990	1019	whole-cell pertussis vaccines	T121,T129	C0031237
27257822	1021	1023	wP	T121,T129	C0031237
27257822	1028	1056	acellular pertussis vaccines	T121,T129	C0982332
27257822	1058	1060	aP	T121,T129	C0982332
27257822	1073	1086	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27257822	1094	1102	reported	T058	C0700287
27257822	1103	1109	annual	T079	C0332181
27257822	1110	1125	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27257822	1153	1162	countries	T083	C0454664
27257822	1164	1172	Reported	T058	C0700287
27257822	1173	1182	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	1183	1198	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27257822	1256	1266	population	T098	C1257890
27257822	1277	1284	highest	T080	C1522410
27257822	1285	1290	rates	T081	C1521828
27257822	1301	1309	reported	T058	C0700287
27257822	1313	1320	Estonia	T083	C0014908
27257822	1329	1335	lowest	T080	C1708760
27257822	1339	1346	Hungary	T083	C0020174
27257822	1351	1357	Serbia	T083	C0036708
27257822	1372	1378	burden	T078	C2828008
27257822	1408	1415	infants	T100	C0021270
27257822	1420	1424	year	T079	C0439234
27257822	1429	1437	Bulgaria	T083	C0006368
27257822	1439	1446	Hungary	T083	C0020174
27257822	1448	1454	Latvia	T083	C0023128
27257822	1456	1463	Romania	T083	C0035826
27257822	1469	1475	Serbia	T083	C0036708
27257822	1512	1521	countries	T083	C0454664
27257822	1532	1538	burden	T078	C2828008
27257822	1559	1573	older children	T100	C0008059
27257822	1582	1594	surveillance	T169	C0220920
27257822	1598	1604	adults	T100	C0001675
27257822	1659	1674	associated with	T080	C0332281
27257822	1691	1693	wP	T121,T129	C0031237
27257822	1697	1708	aP vaccines	T121,T129	C0982332
27257822	1712	1720	reported	T058	C0700287
27257822	1721	1730	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	1731	1746	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27257822	1752	1765	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27257822	1769	1777	reported	T058	C0700287
27257822	1778	1782	data	T078	C1511726
27257822	1813	1820	factors	T169	C1521761
27257822	1831	1843	surveillance	T169	C0220920
27257822	1844	1850	system	T169	C0449913
27257822	1851	1866	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27257822	1870	1882	capabilities	T080	C2698977
27257822	1894	1910	case definitions	T170	C0679227
27257822	1912	1916	type	T080	C0332307
27257822	1920	1929	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	1930	1948	confirmation tests	T059	C0022885
27257822	1955	1961	public	T092	C0678367
27257822	1962	1971	awareness	T033	C1328734
27257822	1979	1986	disease	T047	C0043167
27257822	2004	2015	differences	T081	C1705241
27257822	2023	2032	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27257822	2040	2047	disease	T047	C0043167
27257822	2075	2082	factors	T169	C1521761
27257822	2129	2138	pertussis	T047	C0043167
27257822	2139	2148	detection	T033	C0442726
27257822	2153	2165	confirmation	T080	C0521091
27257822	2169	2190	surveillance programs	T062	C1515095
27257822	2198	2204	Europe	T083	C0015176
27257822	2243	2265	seroprevalence studies	T062	C0600367
27257822	2281	2290	protocols	T170	C0442711
27257822	2295	2308	methodologies	T062	C0086912

27257836|t|Efficacy of a coaxial system with a compliant balloon catheter for navigation of the Penumbra reperfusion catheter in tortuous arteries: technique and case experience
27257836|a|OBJECTIVE The authors describe a method by which they easily and atraumatically navigate a large-bore reperfusion catheter of the Penumbra system to an embolus by using a coaxial system with a compliant balloon catheter in patients with tortuous arteries. METHODS A retrospective review of the prospective endovascular database was performed to identify cases in which a coaxial system with a compliant balloon catheter (Scepter C, MicroVention / Terumo; or TransForm C, Stryker Neurovascular) and a large-bore reperfusion catheter of the Penumbra system (Penumbra, Inc.) was used. The authors achieved a stable guiding sheath position and delivered the coaxial system with a compliant balloon catheter and a large-bore reperfusion catheter. Then, the balloon was inflated somewhat when the distal tip of the balloon was slightly advanced from the tip of the reperfusion catheter, and together the coaxial system was advanced to an embolus over a 0.014-in guidewire, even around the corner. When the distal tip of the balloon catheter reached the embolus, the authors deflated the balloon and navigated the large-bore reperfusion catheter to the embolus. Finally, the aspiration of the embolus with the Penumbra MAX pump was begun. RESULTS Between May 2014 and September 2015, the authors used this technique in 17 cases: 16 cases of middle cerebral artery occlusion (including 5 cases of internal carotid artery occlusion) and 1 case of basilar artery occlusion (age range 36-88 years, mean age 74.7 years, 13 men). For the reperfusion catheter of the Penumbra system, the 5MAX ACE was used in 15 cases, and the 5MAX was used in 2 cases. As a compliant balloon catheter, the Scepter C was used in 16 cases, and the TransForm C was used in 1 case. The technique was successful in 16 cases (94.1%). No parent artery dissections were noted in any cases. Catheter -induced vasospasm was noted in 1 case, but the vasospasm was transient. CONCLUSIONS A coaxial system with a compliant balloon catheter can help safely and easily to navigate the large-bore reperfusion catheter of the Penumbra system to an embolus in patients with tortuous arteries.
27257836	0	8	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
27257836	36	45	compliant	T080	C0566588
27257836	46	62	balloon catheter	T074	C0179734
27257836	67	77	navigation	T052	C2827562
27257836	85	93	Penumbra	T074	C0025080
27257836	94	105	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27257836	106	114	catheter	T074	C0085590
27257836	118	135	tortuous arteries	T033	C1836791
27257836	137	146	technique	T169	C0449851
27257836	151	155	case	T169	C0868928
27257836	156	166	experience	T041	C0596545
27257836	167	176	OBJECTIVE	T170	C0018017
27257836	181	188	authors	T097	C3812881
27257836	200	206	method	T170	C0025663
27257836	221	227	easily	T033	C0332219
27257836	247	255	navigate	T052	C2827562
27257836	258	268	large-bore	T074	C1275738
27257836	269	280	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27257836	281	289	catheter	T074	C0085590
27257836	297	312	Penumbra system	T074	C0025080
27257836	319	326	embolus	T033	C1704212
27257836	360	369	compliant	T080	C0566588
27257836	370	386	balloon catheter	T074	C0179734
27257836	390	398	patients	T101	C0030705
27257836	404	421	tortuous arteries	T033	C1836791
27257836	423	430	METHODS	T170	C0025663
27257836	433	453	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
27257836	473	485	endovascular	T029	C0524425
27257836	486	494	database	T170	C0242356
27257836	512	520	identify	T080	C0205396
27257836	521	526	cases	T169	C0868928
27257836	560	569	compliant	T080	C0566588
27257836	570	586	balloon catheter	T074	C0179734
27257836	588	597	Scepter C	T074	C0025080
27257836	599	611	MicroVention	T074	C0025080
27257836	614	620	Terumo	T074	C1655965
27257836	625	636	TransForm C	T074	C0025080
27257836	638	645	Stryker	T074	C0025080
27257836	646	659	Neurovascular	T023	C0824497
27257836	667	677	large-bore	T074	C1275738
27257836	678	689	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27257836	690	698	catheter	T074	C0085590
27257836	706	721	Penumbra system	T074	C0025080
27257836	723	737	Penumbra, Inc.	T170	C1552679
27257836	753	760	authors	T097	C3812881
27257836	772	778	stable	T080	C0205360
27257836	779	786	guiding	T074	C0221799
27257836	787	793	sheath	T024	C0027807
27257836	794	802	position	T082	C0733755
27257836	807	816	delivered	T169	C1705822
27257836	843	852	compliant	T080	C0566588
27257836	853	869	balloon catheter	T074	C0179734
27257836	876	886	large-bore	T074	C1275738
27257836	887	898	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27257836	899	907	catheter	T074	C0085590
27257836	919	926	balloon	T074	C0179734
27257836	958	964	distal	T082	C0205108
27257836	965	968	tip	T080	C3282898
27257836	976	983	balloon	T074	C0179734
27257836	997	1005	advanced	T080	C0205179
27257836	1015	1018	tip	T080	C3282898
27257836	1026	1037	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27257836	1038	1046	catheter	T074	C0085590
27257836	1052	1060	together	T080	C1883357
27257836	1084	1092	advanced	T080	C0205179
27257836	1099	1106	embolus	T033	C1704212
27257836	1123	1132	guidewire	T073	C1708264
27257836	1150	1156	corner	T082	C1254362
27257836	1167	1173	distal	T082	C0205108
27257836	1174	1177	tip	T080	C3282898
27257836	1185	1201	balloon catheter	T074	C0179734
27257836	1214	1221	embolus	T033	C1704212
27257836	1227	1234	authors	T097	C3812881
27257836	1248	1255	balloon	T074	C0179734
27257836	1260	1269	navigated	T052	C2827562
27257836	1274	1284	large-bore	T074	C1275738
27257836	1285	1296	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27257836	1297	1305	catheter	T074	C0085590
27257836	1313	1320	embolus	T033	C1704212
27257836	1335	1345	aspiration	T061	C0349707
27257836	1353	1360	embolus	T033	C1704212
27257836	1370	1378	Penumbra	T074	C0025080
27257836	1379	1387	MAX pump	T074	C0025080
27257836	1399	1406	RESULTS	T169	C1274040
27257836	1448	1455	authors	T097	C3812881
27257836	1466	1475	technique	T169	C0449851
27257836	1482	1487	cases	T169	C0868928
27257836	1492	1497	cases	T169	C0868928
27257836	1501	1533	middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
27257836	1547	1552	cases	T169	C0868928
27257836	1556	1589	internal carotid artery occlusion	T047	C0149853
27257836	1597	1601	case	T169	C0868928
27257836	1605	1629	basilar artery occlusion	T190	C0265098
27257836	1631	1634	age	T032	C0001779
27257836	1635	1640	range	T081	C1514721
27257836	1654	1658	mean	T081	C2348143
27257836	1659	1662	age	T032	C0001779
27257836	1678	1681	men	T098	C0025266
27257836	1692	1703	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27257836	1704	1712	catheter	T074	C0085590
27257836	1720	1735	Penumbra system	T074	C0025080
27257836	1741	1749	5MAX ACE	T074	C0025080
27257836	1765	1770	cases	T169	C0868928
27257836	1780	1784	5MAX	T074	C0025080
27257836	1799	1804	cases	T169	C0868928
27257836	1811	1820	compliant	T080	C0566588
27257836	1821	1837	balloon catheter	T074	C0179734
27257836	1843	1852	Scepter C	T074	C0025080
27257836	1868	1873	cases	T169	C0868928
27257836	1883	1894	TransForm C	T074	C0025080
27257836	1909	1913	case	T169	C0868928
27257836	1919	1928	technique	T169	C0449851
27257836	1933	1943	successful	T080	C1272703
27257836	1950	1955	cases	T169	C0868928
27257836	1965	1967	No	T169	C0332197
27257836	1968	1974	parent	T099	C0030551
27257836	1975	1993	artery dissections	T047	C0002949
27257836	1999	2004	noted	T080	C4288581
27257836	2012	2017	cases	T169	C0868928
27257836	2019	2027	Catheter	T074	C0085590
27257836	2037	2046	vasospasm	T046	C0085616
27257836	2051	2056	noted	T080	C4288581
27257836	2062	2066	case	T169	C0868928
27257836	2076	2085	vasospasm	T046	C0085616
27257836	2090	2099	transient	T079	C0205374
27257836	2101	2112	CONCLUSIONS	T078	C1707478
27257836	2137	2146	compliant	T080	C0566588
27257836	2147	2163	balloon catheter	T074	C0179734
27257836	2184	2190	easily	T033	C0332219
27257836	2194	2202	navigate	T052	C2827562
27257836	2207	2217	large-bore	T074	C1275738
27257836	2218	2229	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27257836	2230	2238	catheter	T074	C0085590
27257836	2246	2261	Penumbra system	T074	C0025080
27257836	2268	2275	embolus	T033	C1704212
27257836	2279	2287	patients	T101	C0030705
27257836	2293	2310	tortuous arteries	T033	C1836791

27258136|t|Hepatic and renal toxicological evaluations of an industrial ovotoxic chemical, 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide, in both sexes of Wistar rats
27258136|a|4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) is an industrial occupational health hazard chemical because it induces ovotoxicity in rodents. The current study investigated the impacts of VCD on selected hepatic and renal markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in both sexes of Wistar rats. Thus, male and female rats were randomly distributed into four groups of ten rats per group, and dosed orally with VCD for 28 days. The control male and female groups of rats received corn oil only, while each of the three remaining groups of both sexes of rats received VCD (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg BW) respectively. Thereafter, biomarkers of hepatic and renal oxidative damage, inflammation and immunohistochemical expressions of iNOS, COX-2, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were evaluated. The results revealed that VCD increased markers of liver and kidney functions, oxidative damage and inflammation, and disrupted the antioxidant homeostasis of the rats (p<0.05). Lastly, VCD enhanced the immunohistochemical expressions of iNOS, COX-2, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the liver of the rats. Thus, our data imply that VCD induced toxicity in the liver and kidney of rats via the combined impacts of oxidative damage and inflammation.
27258136	0	7	Hepatic	T029	C0205054
27258136	12	17	renal	T023	C0022646
27258136	18	31	toxicological	T169	C0205472
27258136	32	43	evaluations	T058	C0220825
27258136	50	60	industrial	T169	C0205245
27258136	61	78	ovotoxic chemical	T131	C0032346
27258136	80	108	4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide	T109,T131	C0048737
27258136	118	123	sexes	T032	C1522384
27258136	127	138	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27258136	139	167	4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide	T109,T131	C0048737
27258136	169	172	VCD	T109,T131	C0048737
27258136	180	190	industrial	T169	C0205245
27258136	191	203	occupational	T169	C0521127
27258136	204	226	health hazard chemical	T131	C0079483
27258136	238	245	induces	T169	C0205263
27258136	246	257	ovotoxicity	T037	C0600688
27258136	261	268	rodents	T015	C0035804
27258136	282	287	study	T062	C2603343
27258136	288	300	investigated	T169	C1292732
27258136	316	319	VCD	T109,T131	C0048737
27258136	332	339	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27258136	344	349	renal	T023	C0022646
27258136	350	357	markers	T201	C0005516
27258136	361	377	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27258136	382	394	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27258136	403	408	sexes	T032	C1522384
27258136	412	423	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27258136	431	435	male	T032	C0086582
27258136	440	446	female	T032	C0086287
27258136	447	451	rats	T015	C0034716
27258136	457	465	randomly	T080	C0439605
27258136	466	477	distributed	T169	C1704711
27258136	488	494	groups	T078	C0441833
27258136	502	506	rats	T015	C0034716
27258136	511	516	group	T078	C0441833
27258136	522	527	dosed	T081	C0178602
27258136	528	534	orally	T169	C1527415
27258136	540	543	VCD	T109,T131	C0048737
27258136	551	555	days	T079	C0439228
27258136	561	568	control	T096	C0009932
27258136	569	573	male	T032	C0086582
27258136	578	584	female	T032	C0086287
27258136	585	591	groups	T078	C0441833
27258136	595	599	rats	T015	C0034716
27258136	600	608	received	T080	C1514756
27258136	609	617	corn oil	T109,T168	C0010029
27258136	648	657	remaining	T080	C1527428
27258136	658	664	groups	T078	C0441833
27258136	673	678	sexes	T032	C1522384
27258136	682	686	rats	T015	C0034716
27258136	687	695	received	T080	C1514756
27258136	696	699	VCD	T109,T131	C0048737
27258136	718	726	mg/kg BW	T081	C0560741
27258136	754	764	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27258136	768	775	hepatic	T046	C0151763
27258136	780	802	renal oxidative damage	T033	C1408258
27258136	804	816	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27258136	821	852	immunohistochemical expressions	T059	C0022885
27258136	856	860	iNOS	T116,T126	C0132555
27258136	862	867	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27258136	869	878	caspase-9	T116,T126	C0910167
27258136	883	892	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27258136	898	907	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27258136	921	929	revealed	T080	C0443289
27258136	935	938	VCD	T109,T131	C0048737
27258136	939	948	increased	T081	C0205217
27258136	949	956	markers	T201	C0005516
27258136	960	965	liver	T042	C0232741
27258136	970	986	kidney functions	T042	C0232804
27258136	988	1004	oxidative damage	T037	C0178314
27258136	1009	1021	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27258136	1027	1036	disrupted	T080	C0332454
27258136	1041	1064	antioxidant homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27258136	1072	1076	rats	T015	C0034716
27258136	1095	1098	VCD	T109,T131	C0048737
27258136	1112	1143	immunohistochemical expressions	T059	C0022885
27258136	1147	1151	iNOS	T116,T126	C0132555
27258136	1153	1158	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27258136	1160	1169	caspase-9	T116,T126	C0910167
27258136	1174	1183	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27258136	1191	1196	liver	T023	C0023884
27258136	1204	1208	rats	T015	C0034716
27258136	1220	1224	data	T078	C1511726
27258136	1236	1239	VCD	T109,T131	C0048737
27258136	1240	1247	induced	T169	C0205263
27258136	1248	1256	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27258136	1264	1269	liver	T023	C0023884
27258136	1274	1280	kidney	T023	C0022646
27258136	1284	1288	rats	T015	C0034716
27258136	1297	1305	combined	T080	C0205195
27258136	1306	1313	impacts	T080	C4049986
27258136	1317	1333	oxidative damage	T037	C0178314
27258136	1338	1350	inflammation	T046	C0021368

27258690|t|Combinatorial Library Screening Coupled to Mass Spectrometry to Identify Valuable Cyclic Peptides
27258690|a|Combinatorial library screening coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) analysis is a practical approach to identify useful peptides. Cyclic peptides can have high biological activity, selectivity, and affinity for target proteins, and high stability against proteolytic degradation. Here we describe two strategies to prepare combinatorial libraries suitable for MS analysis to accelerate the discovery of cyclic peptide structures. Both approaches use ChemMatrix resin and the linker 4-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid. One strategy involves the synthesis of a one-bead-two-peptides library in which each bead contains both the cyclic peptide and its linear counterpart to facilitate MS analysis. The other protocol is based on the synthesis of a cyclic depsipeptide library in which a glycolamidic ester group is incorporated by adding glycolic acid. After library screening, the ring is opened and the peptide is released simultaneously for subsequent MS analysis. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
27258690	0	21	Combinatorial Library	T116,T130	C0376433
27258690	22	31	Screening	T169	C1305399
27258690	43	60	Mass Spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27258690	82	97	Cyclic Peptides	T116	C0030957
27258690	98	119	Combinatorial library	T116,T130	C0376433
27258690	120	129	screening	T169	C1305399
27258690	141	172	mass spectrometry (MS) analysis	T059	C0037813
27258690	188	196	approach	T082	C0449445
27258690	216	224	peptides	T116	C0030956
27258690	226	241	Cyclic peptides	T116	C0030957
27258690	256	275	biological activity	T038	C3714634
27258690	277	288	selectivity	T081	C0038592
27258690	294	302	affinity	T070	C1510827
27258690	314	322	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27258690	333	342	stability	T080	C0205360
27258690	351	374	proteolytic degradation	T044	C0597304
27258690	419	442	combinatorial libraries	T116,T130	C0376433
27258690	456	467	MS analysis	T059	C0037813
27258690	486	495	discovery	T062	C2827399
27258690	499	513	cyclic peptide	T116	C0030957
27258690	514	524	structures	T082	C0678594
27258690	531	541	approaches	T082	C0449445
27258690	546	562	ChemMatrix resin	T109	C0029224
27258690	578	605	4-hydroxymethylbenzoic acid	T109	C0029224
27258690	633	642	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27258690	648	677	one-bead-two-peptides library	T116,T130	C0376436
27258690	715	729	cyclic peptide	T116	C0030957
27258690	771	782	MS analysis	T059	C0037813
27258690	819	828	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27258690	834	861	cyclic depsipeptide library	T116,T130	C0376436
27258690	873	897	glycolamidic ester group	T120	C1254355
27258690	924	937	glycolic acid	T109	C1533643
27258690	945	952	library	T116,T130	C0376436
27258690	953	962	screening	T169	C1305399
27258690	991	998	peptide	T116	C0030956
27258690	1041	1052	MS analysis	T059	C0037813

27258956|t|Women's Sexual Issues After Myocardial Infarction: A Literature Review
27258956|a|Sexual activity after myocardial infarction (MI) is a concern for patients and often a challenge for health care professionals to address. It is widely recognized that most patients, of both sexes, report sexual problems or concerns after MI. However, there are reported differences between men and women. Women with sexual concerns may seek less help from health care providers and are more inclined to conceal them because of cultural barriers. The aim of the current study is to present a comprehensive review of the literature describing women's sexual issues after MI. A systematic search of the relevant literature was performed within international databases, including PubMed / Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest, as well as Google Scholar using relevant keywords. Also, Persian electronic databases such as Magiran, Scientific Information Databases, and Iran Medex were searched from the inception to October 2014. Articles focusing on the sexual issues after MI only in women, as well as articles on both sexes where women's results could be separated, were included in this review. A total of 8 articles were included in the final dataset. The main themes of women's sexual concerns after MI were " loss or decrease of sexual activity ," " dissatisfaction of sexual relationship ," " doubt about resumption time of sexual activity ," " fear of reinfarction or sudden death during sexual activity after MI ," " knowledge deficit regarding sexual activity after MI ," and " poor performance of health care providers in sexual counseling ." The results of this review demonstrate that women's post- MI sexual activity is affected by many concerns. The concerns may be a knowledge deficit related to not receiving necessary consultation on this topic. Nurses, as first-line care givers, can provide appropriate consultation and education for patients post- MI. As a result, breaking taboo imposed by cultural barriers, personal assumptions, or lack of confidence on giving sexual consultation may ultimately help patients to improve their quality of life.
27258956	0	7	Women's	T098	C0043210
27258956	8	21	Sexual Issues	T169	C2362503
27258956	28	49	Myocardial Infarction	T047	C0027051
27258956	53	70	Literature Review	T170	C0282441
27258956	71	86	Sexual activity	T053	C0036864
27258956	93	114	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27258956	116	118	MI	T047	C0027051
27258956	125	132	concern	T078	C2699424
27258956	137	145	patients	T101	C0030705
27258956	172	197	health care professionals	T097	C1704312
27258956	244	252	patients	T101	C0030705
27258956	262	267	sexes	T032	C1522384
27258956	276	291	sexual problems	T047	C0856619
27258956	295	303	concerns	T078	C2699424
27258956	310	312	MI	T047	C0027051
27258956	362	365	men	T098	C0025266
27258956	370	375	women	T098	C0043210
27258956	377	382	Women	T098	C0043210
27258956	388	403	sexual concerns	T078	C2699424
27258956	428	449	health care providers	T097	C0018724
27258956	475	482	conceal	T080	C0443189
27258956	499	516	cultural barriers	T033	C1948141
27258956	522	525	aim	T078	C1947946
27258956	533	546	current study	T062	C2603343
27258956	577	601	review of the literature	T170	C0282441
27258956	613	620	women's	T098	C0043210
27258956	621	634	sexual issues	T169	C2362503
27258956	641	643	MI	T047	C0027051
27258956	681	691	literature	T170	C0023866
27258956	713	736	international databases	T170	C0242356
27258956	748	754	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27258956	757	764	Medline	T170	C0025141
27258956	766	772	Scopus	T170	C0282574
27258956	774	787	ScienceDirect	T170	C0282574
27258956	793	801	ProQuest	T170	C0282574
27258956	814	828	Google Scholar	T170	C0282574
27258956	844	852	keywords	T170	C1708608
27258956	860	888	Persian electronic databases	T170	C3841595
27258956	897	904	Magiran	T170	C0282574
27258956	906	938	Scientific Information Databases	T170	C0282574
27258956	944	954	Iran Medex	T170	C0282574
27258956	1005	1013	Articles	T170	C1706852
27258956	1030	1043	sexual issues	T169	C2362503
27258956	1050	1052	MI	T047	C0027051
27258956	1061	1066	women	T098	C0043210
27258956	1079	1087	articles	T170	C1706852
27258956	1096	1101	sexes	T032	C1522384
27258956	1108	1115	women's	T098	C0043210
27258956	1166	1172	review	T058	C1273406
27258956	1187	1195	articles	T170	C1706852
27258956	1223	1230	dataset	T170	C0150098
27258956	1251	1258	women's	T098	C0043210
27258956	1259	1274	sexual concerns	T078	C2699424
27258956	1281	1283	MI	T047	C0027051
27258956	1291	1295	loss	T081	C1517945
27258956	1299	1307	decrease	T081	C0547047
27258956	1311	1326	sexual activity	T053	C0036864
27258956	1332	1370	dissatisfaction of sexual relationship	T033	C0237211
27258956	1376	1381	doubt	T041	C0870444
27258956	1388	1403	resumption time	T033	C1821070
27258956	1407	1422	sexual activity	T053	C0036864
27258956	1428	1432	fear	T041	C0015726
27258956	1436	1448	reinfarction	T047	C0348593
27258956	1452	1464	sudden death	T046	C0011071
27258956	1472	1487	sexual activity	T053	C0036864
27258956	1494	1496	MI	T047	C0027051
27258956	1502	1519	knowledge deficit	T033	C1998986
27258956	1530	1545	sexual activity	T053	C0036864
27258956	1552	1554	MI	T047	C0027051
27258956	1564	1568	poor	T080	C0542537
27258956	1569	1580	performance	T055	C0597198
27258956	1584	1605	health care providers	T097	C0018724
27258956	1609	1626	sexual counseling	T058	C0036870
27258956	1650	1656	review	T058	C1273406
27258956	1674	1681	women's	T098	C0043210
27258956	1688	1690	MI	T047	C0027051
27258956	1691	1706	sexual activity	T053	C0036864
27258956	1727	1735	concerns	T078	C2699424
27258956	1741	1749	concerns	T078	C2699424
27258956	1759	1776	knowledge deficit	T033	C1998986
27258956	1812	1824	consultation	T058	C0009818
27258956	1840	1846	Nurses	T097	C0028661
27258956	1851	1873	first-line care givers	T097	C0085537
27258956	1899	1911	consultation	T058	C0009818
27258956	1930	1938	patients	T101	C0030705
27258956	1945	1947	MI	T047	C0027051
27258956	1971	1976	taboo	T078	C0039227
27258956	1988	2005	cultural barriers	T033	C1948141
27258956	2032	2050	lack of confidence	T033	C0558092
27258956	2061	2080	sexual consultation	T058	C0009818
27258956	2101	2109	patients	T101	C0030705
27258956	2127	2142	quality of life	T078	C0034380

27259186|t|Effect of autohydrolysis on the wettability, absorbility and further alkali impregnation of poplar wood chips
27259186|a|Autohydrolysis with different severity factors was performed on poplar wood chips prior to pulping, and the wettability, absorbility and the following impregnation of NaOH solution for the poplar wood chips were then investigated. The results showed that after autohydrolysis pretreatment the porosity, shrinkage and fiber saturation point (FSP) of the poplar wood chips were increased, while the surface contact angle decreased as the severity factor was increased. The autohydrolyzed chips absorbed more NaOH in impregnation that resulted in a low NaOH concentration in the bulk impregnation liquor (i.e., the impregnation liquor outside wood chips), while the concentration in the entrapped liquor (i.e., the impregnation liquor inside wood chips) was increased. Autohydrolysis substantially improved the effectiveness of alkali impregnation.
27259186	10	24	autohydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27259186	32	43	wettability	T080	C0162598
27259186	45	56	absorbility	T070	C0000854
27259186	69	75	alkali	T197	C0002055
27259186	76	88	impregnation	T067	C1522240
27259186	92	98	poplar	T002	C0522458
27259186	99	109	wood chips	T167	C0043217
27259186	110	124	Autohydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27259186	140	148	severity	T080	C0439793
27259186	149	156	factors	T080	C0205556
27259186	174	180	poplar	T002	C0522458
27259186	181	191	wood chips	T167	C0043217
27259186	201	208	pulping	T067	C1522240
27259186	218	229	wettability	T080	C0162598
27259186	231	242	absorbility	T070	C0000854
27259186	261	273	impregnation	T067	C1522240
27259186	277	281	NaOH	T131,T197	C0037517
27259186	282	290	solution	T167	C0037633
27259186	299	305	poplar	T002	C0522458
27259186	306	316	wood chips	T167	C0043217
27259186	327	339	investigated	T169	C1292732
27259186	371	385	autohydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27259186	386	398	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27259186	403	411	porosity	T080	C0080037
27259186	413	422	shrinkage	T169	C0332513
27259186	427	449	fiber saturation point	T033	C0243095
27259186	451	454	FSP	T033	C0243095
27259186	463	469	poplar	T002	C0522458
27259186	470	480	wood chips	T167	C0043217
27259186	486	495	increased	T081	C0205217
27259186	507	528	surface contact angle	T080	C0205556
27259186	546	554	severity	T080	C0439793
27259186	555	561	factor	T080	C0205556
27259186	566	575	increased	T081	C0205217
27259186	581	595	autohydrolyzed	T070	C0020291
27259186	596	601	chips	T167	C0043217
27259186	602	610	absorbed	T070	C0000854
27259186	616	620	NaOH	T131,T197	C0037517
27259186	624	636	impregnation	T067	C1522240
27259186	660	664	NaOH	T131,T197	C0037517
27259186	665	678	concentration	T081	C1446561
27259186	691	703	impregnation	T067	C1522240
27259186	704	710	liquor	T167	C0439861
27259186	722	734	impregnation	T067	C1522240
27259186	735	741	liquor	T167	C0439861
27259186	750	760	wood chips	T167	C0043217
27259186	773	786	concentration	T081	C1446561
27259186	794	803	entrapped	T033	C0243095
27259186	804	810	liquor	T167	C0439861
27259186	822	834	impregnation	T067	C1522240
27259186	835	841	liquor	T167	C0439861
27259186	849	859	wood chips	T167	C0043217
27259186	865	874	increased	T081	C0205217
27259186	876	890	Autohydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27259186	905	913	improved	T033	C0184511
27259186	918	931	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27259186	935	941	alkali	T197	C0002055
27259186	942	954	impregnation	T067	C1522240

27259326|t|Effect of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Combined with Argon-Helium Cryosurgery System on the Changes of NK Cells and T Cell Subsets in Peripheral Blood of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
27259326|a|Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive tumors in humans. T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells are the body's first line of defense to prevent tumor cell growth. Previous studies have demonstrated that transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with argon-helium cryosurgery system (AHCS) can effectively treat liver cancer. However, the mechanism of the treatment is unclear yet. In the current study, we investigated the effects of TACE combined with AHCS on the changes of T cell subsets and NK cells in peripheral blood of HCC. Our data show that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in peripheral blood were significantly up-regulated in HCC patients before treatment when compared with healthy people and reduced after TACE combined with AHCS treatment (P < 0.01). In addition, we found that CD4+ cells and NK cells decreased (P < 0.05) and CD8+ cells increased (P < 0.05) in HCC patients when compared with healthy people. After treatment, the CD4+ cells, CD4+ / CD8+ ratio, and NK cells were dramatically increased in HCC patients (P < 0.05). In contrast, CD8+ cells were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). TACE combined with AHCS treatment significantly prolonged 1- year survival rate of HCC patients and did not show significant side effects. Taken together, our data indicate that TACE combined with AHCS treatment improves patients ' immune system. It is a feasible and effective therapeutic method for HCC patients.
27259326	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27259326	10	50	Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization	T061	C3888803
27259326	65	96	Argon-Helium Cryosurgery System	T061	C0010408
27259326	104	111	Changes	T169	C0392747
27259326	115	123	NK Cells	T025	C0022688
27259326	128	142	T Cell Subsets	T025	C0080202
27259326	146	162	Peripheral Blood	T031	C0229664
27259326	166	190	Hepatocellular Carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27259326	191	199	Patients	T101	C0030705
27259326	200	224	Hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27259326	226	229	HCC	T191	C2239176
27259326	250	260	aggressive	T080	C1550594
27259326	261	267	tumors	T191	C0027651
27259326	271	277	humans	T016	C0086418
27259326	279	292	T lymphocytes	T025	C0039194
27259326	297	311	natural killer	T025	C2709199
27259326	313	315	NK	T025	C2709199
27259326	317	322	cells	T025	C0007634
27259326	331	337	body's	T016	C0242821
27259326	352	359	defense	T042	C0520990
27259326	363	370	prevent	T080	C2700409
27259326	371	381	tumor cell	T025	C0597032
27259326	382	388	growth	T043	C0007595
27259326	390	406	Previous studies	T062	C2603343
27259326	430	470	transcatheter arterial chemoembolization	T061	C3888803
27259326	472	476	TACE	T061	C3888803
27259326	492	523	argon-helium cryosurgery system	T061	C0010408
27259326	525	529	AHCS	T061	C0010408
27259326	525	529	AHCS	T061	C0010408
27259326	535	546	effectively	T080	C1704419
27259326	547	552	treat	T061	C0087111
27259326	553	565	liver cancer	T191	C0345904
27259326	580	589	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27259326	597	606	treatment	T061	C0087111
27259326	610	617	unclear	T033	C3845108
27259326	638	643	study	T062	C2603343
27259326	648	660	investigated	T169	C1292732
27259326	665	675	effects of	T080	C1704420
27259326	676	680	TACE	T061	C3888803
27259326	695	699	AHCS	T061	C0010408
27259326	707	714	changes	T169	C0392747
27259326	718	732	T cell subsets	T025	C0080202
27259326	737	745	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27259326	749	765	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27259326	769	772	HCC	T191	C2239176
27259326	778	782	data	T078	C1511726
27259326	793	810	alpha-fetoprotein	T116,T123	C0002210
27259326	812	815	AFP	T116,T123	C0002210
27259326	817	823	levels	T080	C0441889
27259326	827	843	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27259326	863	875	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27259326	879	882	HCC	T191	C2239176
27259326	883	891	patients	T101	C0030705
27259326	899	908	treatment	T061	C0087111
27259326	914	922	compared	T052	C1707455
27259326	928	935	healthy	T080	C3898900
27259326	936	942	people	T098	C0027361
27259326	947	954	reduced	T080	C0392756
27259326	961	965	TACE	T061	C3888803
27259326	980	984	AHCS	T061	C0010408
27259326	985	994	treatment	T061	C0087111
27259326	1034	1044	CD4+ cells	T025	C0039215
27259326	1049	1057	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27259326	1058	1067	decreased	T081	C0205216
27259326	1083	1093	CD8+ cells	T025	C0242629
27259326	1094	1103	increased	T081	C0205217
27259326	1118	1121	HCC	T191	C2239176
27259326	1122	1130	patients	T101	C0030705
27259326	1136	1144	compared	T052	C1707455
27259326	1150	1157	healthy	T080	C3898900
27259326	1158	1164	people	T098	C0027361
27259326	1172	1181	treatment	T061	C0087111
27259326	1187	1197	CD4+ cells	T025	C0039215
27259326	1199	1203	CD4+	T025	C0039215
27259326	1206	1210	CD8+	T025	C0242629
27259326	1211	1216	ratio	T081	C0456603
27259326	1222	1230	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27259326	1249	1258	increased	T081	C0205217
27259326	1262	1265	HCC	T191	C2239176
27259326	1266	1274	patients	T101	C0030705
27259326	1300	1310	CD8+ cells	T025	C0242629
27259326	1330	1339	decreased	T081	C0205216
27259326	1352	1356	TACE	T061	C3888803
27259326	1371	1375	AHCS	T061	C0010408
27259326	1376	1385	treatment	T061	C0087111
27259326	1413	1417	year	T079	C0439234
27259326	1418	1431	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27259326	1435	1438	HCC	T191	C2239176
27259326	1439	1447	patients	T101	C0030705
27259326	1477	1489	side effects	T046	C0879626
27259326	1511	1515	data	T078	C1511726
27259326	1530	1534	TACE	T061	C3888803
27259326	1549	1553	AHCS	T061	C0010408
27259326	1554	1563	treatment	T061	C0087111
27259326	1564	1572	improves	T033	C0184511
27259326	1573	1581	patients	T101	C0030705
27259326	1584	1597	immune system	T022	C0020962
27259326	1620	1629	effective	T080	C1704419
27259326	1630	1648	therapeutic method	T061	C0087111
27259326	1653	1656	HCC	T191	C2239176
27259326	1657	1665	patients	T101	C0030705

27259362|t|Identification and characterization of Dichelobacter nodosus serogroup H from ovine footrot in India
27259362|a|A total of 56 foot swabs were collected from inter digital spaces of sheep with footrot lesions were screened for 16 rRNA of Dichelobacter nodosus by PCR. Out of the 56 samples, 38(67.85%) were found to be positive. All the positive samples were subjected to multiplex PCR targeting fimA gene for identification of serogroups of D. nodosus. Serogroup H was found along with serogroup B in 12 (55.26%) samples and with serogroup I in 8 (22.2%) samples. The serogroup H was identified for the first time from the Indian subcontinent. The phylogenetic analysis of the present sequence with the available serogroup H sequences of GenBank revealed to be in close association with the serotype H1.
27259362	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
27259362	19	35	characterization	T052	C1880022
27259362	39	60	Dichelobacter nodosus	T007	C0314932
27259362	61	72	serogroup H	T170	C0449555
27259362	78	83	ovine	T015	C1123019
27259362	84	91	footrot	T047	C0016513
27259362	95	100	India	T083	C0021201
27259362	115	125	foot swabs	T167	C0183753
27259362	146	166	inter digital spaces	T030	C0230506
27259362	170	175	sheep	T015	C0036945
27259362	181	188	footrot	T047	C0016513
27259362	189	196	lesions	T033	C0221198
27259362	202	210	screened	T060	C1710031
27259362	218	222	rRNA	T114,T123	C0035701
27259362	226	247	Dichelobacter nodosus	T007	C0314932
27259362	251	254	PCR	T063	C0032520
27259362	270	277	samples	T077	C2347026
27259362	307	315	positive	T033	C1514241
27259362	325	333	positive	T033	C1514241
27259362	334	341	samples	T077	C2347026
27259362	360	373	multiplex PCR	T063	C3179032
27259362	374	393	targeting fimA gene	T063	C0242613
27259362	398	412	identification	T080	C0205396
27259362	416	426	serogroups	T170	C0449543
27259362	430	440	D. nodosus	T007	C0314932
27259362	442	453	Serogroup H	T170	C0449555
27259362	475	486	serogroup B	T170	C0456771
27259362	502	509	samples	T077	C2347026
27259362	519	530	serogroup I	T170	C0449543
27259362	544	551	samples	T077	C2347026
27259362	557	568	serogroup H	T170	C0449555
27259362	573	583	identified	T080	C0205396
27259362	612	631	Indian subcontinent	T083	C0454693
27259362	637	658	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27259362	674	682	sequence	T086	C0004793
27259362	702	713	serogroup H	T170	C0449555
27259362	714	723	sequences	T086	C0004793
27259362	727	734	GenBank	T170	C0598211
27259362	780	791	serotype H1	T170	C0449943

27259647|t|Production of bioactive conjugated linoleic acid by the multifunctional enolase from Lactobacillus plantarum
27259647|a|Lactobacillus plantarum α-enolase, a multifunctional -anchorless- surface protein belonging to the conserved family of enolases with a central role in glycolytic metabolism, was characterized to have a side role in the intricate metabolism of biohydrogenation of linoleic acid, catalyzing the formation of bioactive 9-cis-11-trans-CLA through dehydration and isomerization of 10-hydroxy-12-cis-octadecenoic acid. The identity of the enolase was confirmed through mass spectrometric analysis that showed the characteristic 442 amino acid sequence with a molecular mass of 48.03 kDa. The enolase was not capable of using linoleic acid directly as a substrate but instead uses its hydroxyl derivative 10-hydroxi-12-cis-octadecenoic acid to finally form bioactive conjugated linoleic acid. Biochemical optimization studies were carried out to elucidate the conditions for maximum production of 9-cis-11-trans-CLA and maximum stability of α-enolase when catalyzing this reaction. Furthermore, through structural analysis of the protein, we propose the binding sites of substrate and product molecules that were characterized as two hydrophobic superficial pockets located at opposite ends of the enolase connected through a channel where the catalysis of dehydration and isomerization might occur. These results prove that multifunctional α-enolase also plays a role in cell detoxification from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, along with the linoleate isomerase complex.
27259647	14	23	bioactive	T167	C3714412
27259647	24	48	conjugated linoleic acid	T109,T121	C1257880
27259647	56	71	multifunctional	T116,T126	C3658346
27259647	72	79	enolase	T116,T126	C0031691
27259647	85	108	Lactobacillus plantarum	T007	C0317608
27259647	109	132	Lactobacillus plantarum	T007	C0317608
27259647	133	142	α-enolase	T116,T126	C2364020
27259647	146	161	multifunctional	T116,T126	C3658346
27259647	175	190	surface protein	T116,T123	C0025252
27259647	228	236	enolases	T116,T126	C0031691
27259647	260	270	glycolytic	T044	C0017952
27259647	271	281	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27259647	287	300	characterized	T052	C1880022
27259647	328	348	intricate metabolism	T040	C0025519
27259647	352	368	biohydrogenation	T070	C0020286
27259647	372	385	linoleic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27259647	387	397	catalyzing	T070	C0007382
27259647	402	411	formation	T169	C1522492
27259647	415	424	bioactive	T167	C3714412
27259647	425	443	9-cis-11-trans-CLA	T109	C1609806
27259647	452	463	dehydration	T067	C0598133
27259647	468	481	isomerization	T044	C0596342
27259647	485	520	10-hydroxy-12-cis-octadecenoic acid	T109	C0620518
27259647	542	549	enolase	T116,T126	C0031691
27259647	572	599	mass spectrometric analysis	T059	C0037813
27259647	635	654	amino acid sequence	T087	C0002518
27259647	662	676	molecular mass	T081	C3152252
27259647	686	689	kDa	T081	C1532717
27259647	695	702	enolase	T116,T126	C0031691
27259647	728	741	linoleic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27259647	756	765	substrate	T167	C3891814
27259647	787	795	hydroxyl	T197	C0700307
27259647	796	806	derivative	T169	C1527240
27259647	807	842	10-hydroxi-12-cis-octadecenoic acid	T109	C0620518
27259647	859	868	bioactive	T167	C3714412
27259647	869	893	conjugated linoleic acid	T109	C0050156
27259647	895	906	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
27259647	907	919	optimization	T052	C2698650
27259647	920	927	studies	T062	C2603343
27259647	999	1017	9-cis-11-trans-CLA	T109	C1609806
27259647	1030	1039	stability	T044	C0014439
27259647	1043	1052	α-enolase	T116,T126	C2364020
27259647	1058	1068	catalyzing	T070	C0007382
27259647	1074	1082	reaction	T067	C0596319
27259647	1105	1124	structural analysis	T061	C0204514
27259647	1132	1139	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27259647	1156	1169	binding sites	T192	C0005456
27259647	1173	1182	substrate	T167	C3891814
27259647	1187	1194	product	T071	C1514468
27259647	1195	1204	molecules	T167	C0567416
27259647	1215	1228	characterized	T052	C1880022
27259647	1236	1247	hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
27259647	1300	1307	enolase	T116,T126	C0031691
27259647	1328	1335	channel	T116,T123	C0022009
27259647	1346	1355	catalysis	T070	C0007382
27259647	1359	1370	dehydration	T067	C0598133
27259647	1375	1388	isomerization	T044	C0596342
27259647	1427	1442	multifunctional	T116,T126	C3658346
27259647	1443	1452	α-enolase	T116,T126	C2364020
27259647	1474	1493	cell detoxification	T043	C4235382
27259647	1499	1526	polyunsaturated fatty acids	T109,T123	C0032615
27259647	1535	1548	linoleic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27259647	1565	1584	linoleate isomerase	T116,T126	C0312354
27259647	1585	1592	complex	T104	C1704241

27259677|t|The "tight orbit": Incidence and management of the orbital compartment syndrome
27259677|a|The orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) constitutes a severe emergency, requiring immediate clinical diagnosis and surgical decompression. The key symptom is progressive visual impairment caused by an increase in intraorbital pressure, impairing the perfusion of relevant neurovascular and neurosensory structures. Intraorbital bleeding due to trauma and surgical intervention is known to be the main etiological factor. A retrospective analysis of all patients affected by an OCS between January 1, 2012, and May 31, 2015, was performed. Patients' records were reviewed with regard to etiology, initial ophthalmologic status, fracture pattern, concomitant medication, surgical management, and postoperative outcome. The incidence of OCS was calculated based on the total number of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) emergencies. Within 3.5 years, a total of 18,093 CMF emergencies were registered. In 16 patients, an OCS was documented, corresponding to an incidence of 0.088%. The mean patient age was 67.31 ± 23.86 years, ranging from 22 to 102 years. The etiology varied, but trauma with subsequent intraorbital bleeding was the main cause. The use of anticoagulative medication was documented in 50% of the cases. In 14 patients, immediate surgical orbital decompression was performed: in 10 patients, vision could be preserved; in three patients, blindness resulted; and one patient was lost to follow-up. Two patients were managed without surgery. With regard to the total number of CMF emergencies, OCS is a rare condition. Early clinical diagnosis and surgical decompression are required to prevent permanent vision impairment. Anticoagulative medication must be considered as a predisposing factor for an orbital compartment syndrome in patients affected by periorbital trauma.
27259677	19	28	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27259677	33	43	management	T058	C0376636
27259677	51	79	orbital compartment syndrome	T047	C0009492
27259677	84	112	orbital compartment syndrome	T047	C0009492
27259677	114	117	OCS	T047	C0009492
27259677	140	149	emergency	T067	C0013956
27259677	161	170	immediate	T079	C0205253
27259677	171	189	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
27259677	194	216	surgical decompression	T061	C0376530
27259677	226	233	symptom	T184	C1457887
27259677	237	266	progressive visual impairment	T033	C1839364
27259677	280	288	increase	T169	C0442805
27259677	292	313	intraorbital pressure	T042	C0021888
27259677	315	324	impairing	T169	C0221099
27259677	329	338	perfusion	T061	C0031001
27259677	342	350	relevant	T080	C2347946
27259677	351	364	neurovascular	T023	C2338723
27259677	369	392	neurosensory structures	T023	C0446849
27259677	394	415	Intraorbital bleeding	T046	C0019080
27259677	423	429	trauma	T037	C3714660
27259677	434	455	surgical intervention	T033	C0549433
27259677	502	515	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27259677	516	524	analysis	T062	C0936012
27259677	532	540	patients	T101	C0030705
27259677	541	549	affected	T169	C0392760
27259677	556	559	OCS	T047	C0009492
27259677	607	616	performed	T169	C0884358
27259677	618	627	Patients'	T101	C0030705
27259677	628	635	records	T170	C0034869
27259677	641	649	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27259677	665	673	etiology	T169	C1314792
27259677	675	682	initial	T079	C0205265
27259677	683	697	ophthalmologic	T169	C0205481
27259677	698	704	status	T080	C0449438
27259677	706	722	fracture pattern	T033	C0243095
27259677	724	746	concomitant medication	T078	C2347852
27259677	748	767	surgical management	T058	C1515089
27259677	773	786	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27259677	787	794	outcome	T169	C1274040
27259677	800	809	incidence	T081	C0021149
27259677	813	816	OCS	T047	C0009492
27259677	821	831	calculated	T052	C1441506
27259677	845	857	total number	T081	C4288115
27259677	861	880	craniomaxillofacial	T029	C0005898
27259677	882	885	CMF	T029	C0005898
27259677	887	898	emergencies	T046	C2745965
27259677	911	916	years	T079	C0439234
27259677	936	939	CMF	T029	C0005898
27259677	940	951	emergencies	T046	C2745965
27259677	957	967	registered	T058	C1514821
27259677	975	983	patients	T101	C0030705
27259677	988	991	OCS	T047	C0009492
27259677	996	1006	documented	T058	C1301725
27259677	1028	1037	incidence	T081	C0021149
27259677	1053	1057	mean	T081	C0444504
27259677	1058	1065	patient	T101	C0030705
27259677	1066	1069	age	T032	C0001779
27259677	1088	1093	years	T079	C0439234
27259677	1095	1102	ranging	T081	C1514721
27259677	1118	1123	years	T079	C0439234
27259677	1129	1137	etiology	T169	C1314792
27259677	1150	1156	trauma	T037	C3714660
27259677	1173	1194	intraorbital bleeding	T046	C0019080
27259677	1208	1213	cause	T033	C0552510
27259677	1226	1252	anticoagulative medication	T061	C0003281
27259677	1257	1267	documented	T058	C1301725
27259677	1282	1287	cases	T169	C0868928
27259677	1295	1303	patients	T101	C0030705
27259677	1305	1314	immediate	T079	C0205253
27259677	1315	1345	surgical orbital decompression	T061	C3267044
27259677	1350	1359	performed	T169	C0884358
27259677	1367	1375	patients	T101	C0030705
27259677	1377	1383	vision	T040	C0042789
27259677	1393	1402	preserved	T059	C0033085
27259677	1413	1421	patients	T101	C0030705
27259677	1423	1432	blindness	T033	C0456909
27259677	1433	1441	resulted	T169	C1274040
27259677	1451	1458	patient	T101	C0030705
27259677	1463	1467	lost	T169	C0745777
27259677	1471	1480	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27259677	1486	1494	patients	T101	C0030705
27259677	1516	1523	surgery	T061	C0543467
27259677	1544	1556	total number	T081	C4288115
27259677	1560	1563	CMF	T029	C0005898
27259677	1564	1575	emergencies	T046	C2745965
27259677	1577	1580	OCS	T047	C0009492
27259677	1586	1590	rare	T080	C0522498
27259677	1591	1600	condition	T080	C0348080
27259677	1602	1607	Early	T079	C1279919
27259677	1608	1626	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
27259677	1631	1653	surgical decompression	T061	C0376530
27259677	1658	1666	required	T169	C1514873
27259677	1670	1677	prevent	T080	C2700409
27259677	1678	1687	permanent	T079	C0205355
27259677	1688	1705	vision impairment	T033	C3665347
27259677	1707	1733	Anticoagulative medication	T061	C0003281
27259677	1758	1777	predisposing factor	T079	C0032946
27259677	1785	1813	orbital compartment syndrome	T047	C0009492
27259677	1817	1825	patients	T101	C0030705
27259677	1826	1834	affected	T169	C0392760
27259677	1838	1856	periorbital trauma	UnknownType	C0747513

27260358|t|Ammonia as an In Situ Sanitizer: Influence of Virus Genome Type on Inactivation
27260358|a|Treatment of human excreta and animal manure (HEAM) is key in controlling the spread of persistent enteric pathogens, such as viruses. The extent of virus inactivation during HEAM storage and treatment appears to vary with virus genome type, although the reasons for this variability are not clear. Here, we investigated the inactivation of viruses of different genome types under conditions representative of HEAM storage or mesophilic digestion. The goals were to characterize the influence of HEAM solution conditions on inactivation and to determine the potential mechanisms involved. Specifically, eight viruses representing the four viral genome types (single-stranded RNA [ssRNA], double-stranded RNA [dsRNA], single-stranded DNA [ssDNA], and double-stranded DNA [dsDNA]) were exposed to synthetic solutions with well-controlled temperature (20 to 35°C), pH (8 to 9), and ammonia (NH3) concentrations (0 to 40 mmol liter(-1)). DNA and dsRNA viruses were considerably more resistant than ssRNA viruses, resulting in up to 1,000-fold-longer treatment times to reach a 4-log inactivation. The apparently slower inactivation of DNA viruses was rationalized by the higher stability of DNA than that of ssRNA in HEAM. Pushing the system toward harsher pH (>9) and temperature (>35°C) conditions, such as those encountered in thermophilic digestion and alkaline treatments, led to more consistent inactivation kinetics among ssRNA and other viruses. This suggests that the dependence of inactivation on genome type disappeared in favor of protein -mediated inactivation mechanisms common to all viruses. Finally, we recommend the use of MS2 as a conservative indicator to assess the inactivation of ssRNA viruses and the stable ΦX174 or dsDNA phages as indicators for persistent viruses. Viruses are among the most environmentally persistent pathogens. They can be present in high concentrations in human excreta and animal manure (HEAM). Therefore, appropriate treatment of HEAM is important prior to its reuse or discharge into the environment. Here, we investigated the factors that determine the persistence of viruses in HEAM, and we determined the main mechanisms that lead to their inactivation. Unlike other organisms, viruses can have four different genome types (double- or single-stranded RNA or DNA), and the viruses studied herein represent all four types. Genome type appeared to be the major determinant for persistence. Single-stranded RNA viruses are the most labile, because this genome type is susceptible to degradation in HEAM. In contrast, the other genome types are more stable; therefore, inactivation is slower and mainly driven by the degradation of viral proteins. Overall, this study allows us to better understand the behavior of viruses in HEAM.
27260358	0	7	Ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27260358	14	21	In Situ	T082	C0444498
27260358	22	31	Sanitizer	T074	C0183086
27260358	33	42	Influence	T077	C4054723
27260358	46	51	Virus	T005	C0042776
27260358	52	63	Genome Type	T028	C0017428
27260358	67	79	Inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	80	89	Treatment	T169	C1522326
27260358	93	98	human	T016	C0086418
27260358	99	106	excreta	T031	C0504085
27260358	111	117	animal	T008	C0003062
27260358	118	124	manure	T167	C0024765
27260358	126	130	HEAM	T031	C0504085
27260358	142	153	controlling	T067	C2239193
27260358	168	178	persistent	T079	C0205322
27260358	179	186	enteric	T082	C1304890
27260358	187	196	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27260358	206	213	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	219	225	extent	T082	C0439792
27260358	229	247	virus inactivation	T059	C0599953
27260358	255	259	HEAM	T031	C0504085
27260358	260	267	storage	T169	C1698986
27260358	272	281	treatment	T169	C1522326
27260358	303	308	virus	T005	C0042776
27260358	309	320	genome type	T028	C0017428
27260358	352	363	variability	T077	C2827666
27260358	388	400	investigated	T169	C1292732
27260358	405	417	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	421	428	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	432	441	different	T080	C1705242
27260358	442	454	genome types	T028	C0017428
27260358	461	471	conditions	T080	C0348080
27260358	490	494	HEAM	T031	C0504085
27260358	495	502	storage	T169	C1698986
27260358	517	526	digestion	T040	C0012238
27260358	563	572	influence	T077	C4054723
27260358	576	580	HEAM	T031	C0504085
27260358	590	600	conditions	T080	C0348080
27260358	604	616	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	638	647	potential	T080	C3245505
27260358	648	658	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27260358	689	696	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	719	737	viral genome types	T028	C0042720
27260358	739	758	single-stranded RNA	T114	C3272452
27260358	760	765	ssRNA	T114	C3272452
27260358	768	787	double-stranded RNA	T114,T123	C0035693
27260358	789	794	dsRNA	T114,T123	C0035693
27260358	797	816	single-stranded DNA	T114	C0012935
27260358	818	823	ssDNA	T114	C0012935
27260358	830	849	double-stranded DNA	T114,T123	C0311474
27260358	851	856	dsDNA	T114,T123	C0311474
27260358	864	874	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27260358	875	894	synthetic solutions	T167	C0037633
27260358	900	915	well-controlled	T169	C3853142
27260358	916	927	temperature	T081	C0039476
27260358	942	944	pH	T081	C0020283
27260358	959	966	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27260358	968	971	NH3	T121,T197	C0002607
27260358	973	987	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27260358	1014	1017	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27260358	1022	1027	dsRNA	T114,T123	C0035693
27260358	1028	1035	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	1059	1068	resistant	T169	C0332325
27260358	1074	1087	ssRNA viruses	T005	C1911773
27260358	1089	1101	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27260358	1126	1135	treatment	T169	C1522326
27260358	1159	1171	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	1195	1207	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	1211	1222	DNA viruses	T005	C0012923
27260358	1254	1263	stability	T060	C0796351
27260358	1267	1270	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27260358	1284	1289	ssRNA	T114	C3272452
27260358	1293	1297	HEAM	T031	C0504085
27260358	1325	1332	harsher	T033	C4068826
27260358	1333	1335	pH	T081	C0020283
27260358	1345	1356	temperature	T081	C0039476
27260358	1365	1375	conditions	T080	C0348080
27260358	1406	1418	thermophilic	T070	C0018837
27260358	1419	1428	digestion	T040	C0012238
27260358	1433	1441	alkaline	T080	C1979842
27260358	1442	1452	treatments	T169	C1522326
27260358	1477	1489	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	1490	1498	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27260358	1505	1510	ssRNA	T114	C3272452
27260358	1521	1528	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	1535	1543	suggests	T078	C1705535
27260358	1567	1579	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	1583	1594	genome type	T028	C0017428
27260358	1619	1626	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27260358	1637	1649	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	1650	1660	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27260358	1675	1682	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	1717	1720	MS2	T005	C0206390
27260358	1739	1748	indicator	T169	C1522602
27260358	1763	1775	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	1779	1792	ssRNA viruses	T005	C1911773
27260358	1808	1813	ΦX174	T005	C0031303
27260358	1817	1822	dsDNA	T114,T123	C0311474
27260358	1823	1829	phages	T005	C0004651
27260358	1833	1843	indicators	T169	C1522602
27260358	1848	1858	persistent	T079	C0205322
27260358	1859	1866	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	1868	1875	Viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	1895	1910	environmentally	T082	C0014406
27260358	1911	1921	persistent	T079	C0205322
27260358	1922	1931	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27260358	1945	1952	present	T033	C0150312
27260358	1961	1975	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27260358	1979	1984	human	T016	C0086418
27260358	1985	1992	excreta	T031	C0504085
27260358	1997	2003	animal	T008	C0003062
27260358	2004	2010	manure	T167	C0024765
27260358	2012	2016	HEAM	T031	C0504085
27260358	2030	2041	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27260358	2042	2051	treatment	T169	C1522326
27260358	2055	2059	HEAM	T031	C0504085
27260358	2095	2104	discharge	T031	C2926602
27260358	2114	2125	environment	T082	C0014406
27260358	2136	2148	investigated	T169	C1292732
27260358	2153	2160	factors	T169	C1521761
27260358	2195	2202	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	2206	2210	HEAM	T031	C0504085
27260358	2239	2249	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27260358	2269	2281	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	2296	2305	organisms	T001	C0029235
27260358	2307	2314	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	2329	2338	different	T080	C1705242
27260358	2339	2351	genome types	T028	C0017428
27260358	2364	2383	single-stranded RNA	T114	C3272452
27260358	2387	2390	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27260358	2401	2408	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	2450	2461	Genome type	T028	C0017428
27260358	2516	2543	Single-stranded RNA viruses	T005	C1911773
27260358	2578	2589	genome type	T028	C0017428
27260358	2608	2619	degradation	T169	C0243125
27260358	2623	2627	HEAM	T031	C0504085
27260358	2652	2664	genome types	T028	C0017428
27260358	2693	2705	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27260358	2741	2752	degradation	T169	C0243125
27260358	2756	2770	viral proteins	T116,T123	C0042736
27260358	2827	2835	behavior	T053	C0004927
27260358	2839	2846	viruses	T005	C0042776
27260358	2850	2854	HEAM	T031	C0504085

27260450|t|An electrochemical genosensor for Leishmania major detection based on dual effect of immobilization and electrocatalysis of cobalt-zinc ferrite quantum dots
27260450|a|Identification of Leishmania parasites is important in diagnosis and clinical studies of leishmaniasis. Although epidemiological and clinical methods are available, they are not sufficient for identification of causative agents of leishmaniasis. In the present study, quantum dots of magnetic cobalt-zinc ferrite (Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) were synthesized and characterized by physicochemical methods. The quantum dots were then employed as an electrode modifier to immobilize a 24-mer specific single stranded DNA probe, and fabrication of a label-free, PCR-free and signal-on electrochemical genosensor for the detection of Leishmania major. Hybridization of the complementary single stranded DNA sequence with the probe under the selected conditions was explored using methylene blue as a redox marker, utilizing the electrocatalytic effect of the quantum dots on the methylene blue electroreduction process. The genosensor could detect a synthetic single stranded DNA target in a range of 1.0×10(-11) to 1.0×10(-18)molL(-1) with a limit of detection of 2.0×10(-19)molL(-1), and genomic DNA in a range of 7.31×10(-14) to 7.31×10(-6)ngμL(-1) with a limit of detection of 1.80×10(-14)ngμL(-1) with a high selectivity and sensitivity.
27260450	3	18	electrochemical	T059	C2350499
27260450	19	29	genosensor	T075	C0600364
27260450	34	50	Leishmania major	T204	C0023276
27260450	51	60	detection	T061	C1511790
27260450	75	81	effect	T080	C1280500
27260450	85	99	immobilization	T059	C4048292
27260450	104	120	electrocatalysis	T070	C0007382
27260450	124	143	cobalt-zinc ferrite	T197	C0021521
27260450	144	156	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
27260450	157	171	Identification	T080	C0205396
27260450	175	185	Leishmania	T204	C0023270
27260450	186	195	parasites	T204	C0030498
27260450	212	221	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27260450	226	242	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27260450	246	259	leishmaniasis	T047	C0023281
27260450	270	285	epidemiological	T062	C0014503
27260450	290	298	clinical	T080	C0205210
27260450	299	306	methods	T170	C0025663
27260450	335	345	sufficient	T080	C0205410
27260450	350	364	identification	T080	C0205396
27260450	368	384	causative agents	T033	C0449411
27260450	388	401	leishmaniasis	T047	C0023281
27260450	418	423	study	T062	C0008972
27260450	425	437	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
27260450	441	449	magnetic	T070	C0563532
27260450	450	469	cobalt-zinc ferrite	T197	C0021521
27260450	471	486	Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4	T197	C0021521
27260450	493	504	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27260450	509	522	characterized	T052	C1880022
27260450	526	549	physicochemical methods	T070	C2350462
27260450	555	567	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
27260450	593	602	electrode	T074	C0013812
27260450	603	611	modifier	T074	C0810640
27260450	615	625	immobilize	T169	C0221099
27260450	644	659	single stranded	T114	C0012935
27260450	660	669	DNA probe	T114,T130	C0012893
27260450	727	742	electrochemical	T059	C2350499
27260450	743	753	genosensor	T075	C0600364
27260450	762	771	detection	T061	C1511790
27260450	775	791	Leishmania major	T204	C0023276
27260450	793	806	Hybridization	T063	C0221902
27260450	814	827	complementary	T114	C0006556
27260450	828	843	single stranded	T114	C0012935
27260450	844	856	DNA sequence	T086	C0162326
27260450	866	871	probe	T114,T130	C0012893
27260450	882	890	selected	T052	C1707391
27260450	891	901	conditions	T080	C0348080
27260450	921	935	methylene blue	T109,T121,T130	C0025746
27260450	941	953	redox marker	T201	C0005516
27260450	969	985	electrocatalytic	T070	C0007382
27260450	986	992	effect	T080	C1280500
27260450	1000	1012	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
27260450	1020	1034	methylene blue	T109,T121,T130	C0025746
27260450	1035	1051	electroreduction	T070	C0301630
27260450	1052	1059	process	T067	C1522240
27260450	1065	1075	genosensor	T075	C0600364
27260450	1082	1088	detect	T061	C1511790
27260450	1091	1127	synthetic single stranded DNA target	T114	C0598279
27260450	1133	1138	range	T081	C1514721
27260450	1184	1202	limit of detection	T081	C2718050
27260450	1231	1242	genomic DNA	T114	C3272453
27260450	1248	1253	range	T081	C1514721
27260450	1300	1318	limit of detection	T081	C2718050
27260450	1350	1354	high	T080	C0205250
27260450	1355	1366	selectivity	T080	C2828393
27260450	1371	1382	sensitivity	T169	C0332324

27260627|t|Associations of Body Mass Index and Physical Activity With Sexual Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Survivors
27260627|a|Sexual dysfunction is a common and distressing consequence of breast cancer (BC) treatment. In the present study, we investigated the sexual functioning of BC patients and its association with women's personal characteristics and cancer treatments. In this cross-sectional study, sexual function was assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-C30 and its breast module BR-23. Of the 235 participants approached, 216 participants were included in the study. Of these, 63 patients reported no sexual activity in the last month and thus were analyzed only in relation to the sexual desire domain of FSFI. A total of 154 (71.3 %) patients were classified with hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). From those patients reporting sexual activity in the last month, 63.3 % (97 out of 153) were classified with sexual dysfunction. Using hierarchical logistic regression, the variance explained (change in R (2)) by the addition of body mass index (BMI) and mild to moderate physical activity in the prediction models of sexual dysfunction and HSDD were 6.8 and 7.2 %, respectively. Age, BMI, and physical activity were independently associated with sexual dysfunction and HSDD. Additionally, BC patients with sexual dysfunction reported lower scores on global HRQOL, role functioning, and fatigue. Based on our findings, BC survivors should be encouraged to practice regular physical activity and to lose weight in order to avoid sexual dysfunction. However, future clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.
27260627	0	12	Associations	T080	C0439849
27260627	16	31	Body Mass Index	T201	C1305855
27260627	36	53	Physical Activity	T056	C0026606
27260627	59	77	Sexual Dysfunction	T047	C0549622
27260627	81	94	Breast Cancer	T191	C0678222
27260627	95	104	Survivors	T101	C0206194
27260627	105	123	Sexual dysfunction	T047	C0549622
27260627	140	151	distressing	T033	C0231303
27260627	152	166	consequence of	T169	C0686907
27260627	167	180	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27260627	182	184	BC	T191	C0678222
27260627	186	195	treatment	T061	C0087111
27260627	212	217	study	T062	C2603343
27260627	239	257	sexual functioning	T040	C0278092
27260627	261	263	BC	T191	C0678222
27260627	264	272	patients	T101	C0030705
27260627	281	292	association	T041	C0004083
27260627	298	305	women's	T098	C0043210
27260627	306	314	personal	T032	C1519021
27260627	315	330	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27260627	335	352	cancer treatments	T061	C0920425
27260627	362	383	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27260627	385	400	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27260627	424	452	Female Sexual Function Index	T170	C4289276
27260627	454	458	FSFI	T170	C4289276
27260627	465	495	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27260627	497	502	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
27260627	527	585	European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer	T093	C1516985
27260627	587	592	EORTC	T093	C1516985
27260627	594	601	QLQ-C30	T170	C3641780
27260627	610	629	breast module BR-23	T170	C0282574
27260627	642	654	participants	T098	C0679646
27260627	671	683	participants	T098	C0679646
27260627	725	733	patients	T101	C0030705
27260627	743	761	no sexual activity	T033	C3840693
27260627	774	779	month	T079	C0439231
27260627	827	840	sexual desire	T041	C0023618
27260627	841	847	domain	T169	C1880389
27260627	851	855	FSFI	T170	C4289276
27260627	881	889	patients	T101	C0030705
27260627	911	944	hypoactive sexual desire disorder	T048	C0020594
27260627	946	950	HSDD	T048	C0020594
27260627	964	972	patients	T101	C0030705
27260627	983	998	sexual activity	T053	C0036864
27260627	1011	1016	month	T079	C0439231
27260627	1062	1080	sexual dysfunction	T047	C0549622
27260627	1088	1120	hierarchical logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27260627	1182	1197	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27260627	1199	1202	BMI	T201	C1305855
27260627	1225	1242	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27260627	1250	1260	prediction	T078	C0681842
27260627	1261	1267	models	T170	C3161035
27260627	1271	1289	sexual dysfunction	T047	C0549622
27260627	1294	1298	HSDD	T048	C0020594
27260627	1333	1336	Age	T032	C0001779
27260627	1338	1341	BMI	T201	C1305855
27260627	1347	1364	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27260627	1400	1418	sexual dysfunction	T047	C0549622
27260627	1423	1427	HSDD	T048	C0020594
27260627	1443	1445	BC	T191	C0678222
27260627	1446	1454	patients	T101	C0030705
27260627	1460	1478	sexual dysfunction	T047	C0549622
27260627	1488	1493	lower	T081	C1611820
27260627	1494	1500	scores	T081	C0449820
27260627	1511	1516	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
27260627	1523	1534	functioning	T169	C0205245
27260627	1540	1547	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27260627	1562	1570	findings	T033	C0243095
27260627	1572	1574	BC	T191	C0678222
27260627	1575	1584	survivors	T101	C0206194
27260627	1609	1617	practice	T041	C0032893
27260627	1626	1643	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27260627	1651	1662	lose weight	UnknownType	C0418839
27260627	1681	1699	sexual dysfunction	T047	C0549622
27260627	1717	1732	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27260627	1761	1769	findings	T033	C0243095

27261525|t|The N-Methyl d-Aspartate Glutamate Receptor Antagonist Ketamine Disrupts the Functional State of the Corticothalamic Pathway
27261525|a|The non-competitive N-methyl d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine elicits a brain state resembling high-risk states for developing psychosis and early stages of schizophrenia characterized by sensory and cognitive deficits and aberrant ongoing gamma oscillations (30-80 Hz)in cortical and subcortical structures, including the thalamus. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. The goal of the present study was to determine whether a ketamine - induced psychotic - relevant state disturbs the functional state of the corticothalamic (CT) pathway. Multisite field recordings were performed in the somatosensory CT system of the sedated rat. Baseline activity was challenged by activation of vibrissa - related prethalamic inputs. The sensory - evoked thalamic response was characterized by a short - latency (∼4 ms) prethalamic -mediated negative sharp potential and a longer latency (∼10 ms) CT -mediated negative potential. Following a single subcutaneous injection of ketamine (2.5 mg/kg), spontaneously occurring and sensory - evoked thalamic gamma oscillations increased and decreased in power, respectively. The power of the sensory -related gamma oscillations was positively correlated with both the amplitude and the area under the curve of the corresponding CT potential but not with the prethalamic potential. The present results show that the layer VI CT pathway significantly contributes in thalamic gamma oscillations, and they support the hypothesis that reduced NMDAR activation disturbs the functional state of CT and corticocortical networks.
27261525	4	54	N-Methyl d-Aspartate Glutamate Receptor Antagonist	T121	C0598695
27261525	55	63	Ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
27261525	64	72	Disrupts	T080	C0332454
27261525	77	87	Functional	T169	C0205245
27261525	88	93	State	T169	C1442792
27261525	101	116	Corticothalamic	T023	C1184631
27261525	117	124	Pathway	T077	C1705987
27261525	129	144	non-competitive	UnknownType	C0815027
27261525	145	203	N-methyl d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist	T121	C0598695
27261525	204	212	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
27261525	223	228	brain	T023	C0006104
27261525	229	234	state	T169	C1442792
27261525	246	255	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27261525	256	262	states	T169	C1442792
27261525	278	287	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27261525	292	304	early stages	T079	C2363430
27261525	308	321	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27261525	322	335	characterized	T052	C1880022
27261525	339	346	sensory	T047	C0748618
27261525	351	369	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
27261525	383	390	ongoing	T078	C0549178
27261525	391	409	gamma oscillations	T042	C0678909
27261525	423	431	cortical	T023	C0007776
27261525	436	447	subcortical	T029	C0815275
27261525	448	458	structures	T082	C0678594
27261525	474	482	thalamus	T023	C0039729
27261525	499	509	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27261525	514	521	unknown	T080	C0439673
27261525	527	531	goal	T170	C0018017
27261525	539	546	present	T079	C0521116
27261525	547	552	study	T062	C2603343
27261525	580	588	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
27261525	591	598	induced	T169	C0205263
27261525	599	608	psychotic	T048	C0033975
27261525	611	619	relevant	T080	C2347946
27261525	620	625	state	T169	C1442792
27261525	626	634	disturbs	T080	C2699787
27261525	639	649	functional	T169	C0205245
27261525	650	655	state	T169	C1442792
27261525	663	678	corticothalamic	T023	C1184631
27261525	680	682	CT	T023	C1184631
27261525	684	691	pathway	T077	C1705987
27261525	693	719	Multisite field recordings	T060	C0430022
27261525	725	734	performed	T169	C0884358
27261525	742	765	somatosensory CT system	T022	C0682661
27261525	773	780	sedated	T033	C0235195
27261525	781	784	rat	T015	C0034721
27261525	786	794	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27261525	795	803	activity	T052	C0441655
27261525	822	832	activation	T052	C1879547
27261525	836	844	vibrissa	T023	C0042640
27261525	847	854	related	T080	C0439849
27261525	855	866	prethalamic	T029	C0152349
27261525	867	873	inputs	T077	C1708517
27261525	879	886	sensory	T080	C0445254
27261525	889	913	evoked thalamic response	T042	C0015214
27261525	918	931	characterized	T052	C1880022
27261525	937	942	short	T081	C1806781
27261525	945	952	latency	T080	C0205275
27261525	961	972	prethalamic	T029	C0152349
27261525	983	991	negative	T080	C2825491
27261525	998	1007	potential	T043	C0001272
27261525	1014	1020	longer	T080	C0205166
27261525	1021	1028	latency	T080	C0205275
27261525	1038	1040	CT	T023	C1184631
27261525	1051	1059	negative	T080	C2825491
27261525	1060	1069	potential	T043	C0001272
27261525	1083	1089	single	T081	C0205171
27261525	1090	1112	subcutaneous injection	T169	C0021499
27261525	1116	1124	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
27261525	1138	1151	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
27261525	1166	1173	sensory	T080	C0445254
27261525	1176	1210	evoked thalamic gamma oscillations	T042	C0015214
27261525	1211	1220	increased	T081	C0205217
27261525	1225	1234	decreased	T081	C0205216
27261525	1238	1243	power	T081	C3854080
27261525	1263	1268	power	T081	C3854080
27261525	1276	1283	sensory	T080	C0445254
27261525	1293	1311	gamma oscillations	T042	C0678909
27261525	1316	1326	positively	T033	C1446409
27261525	1327	1337	correlated	T080	C1707520
27261525	1352	1361	amplitude	T082	C2346753
27261525	1370	1390	area under the curve	T081	C0376690
27261525	1412	1414	CT	T023	C1184631
27261525	1415	1424	potential	T043	C0001272
27261525	1442	1453	prethalamic	T029	C0152349
27261525	1454	1463	potential	T043	C0001272
27261525	1469	1476	present	T079	C0521116
27261525	1477	1484	results	T169	C1274040
27261525	1499	1507	layer VI	T023	C2322689
27261525	1508	1510	CT	T023	C1184631
27261525	1511	1518	pathway	T077	C1705987
27261525	1533	1544	contributes	T052	C1880177
27261525	1548	1556	thalamic	T023	C0039729
27261525	1557	1575	gamma oscillations	T042	C0678909
27261525	1598	1608	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27261525	1614	1621	reduced	T080	C0392756
27261525	1622	1627	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27261525	1628	1638	activation	T043	C1514758
27261525	1639	1647	disturbs	T080	C2699787
27261525	1652	1662	functional	T169	C0205245
27261525	1663	1668	state	T169	C1442792
27261525	1672	1674	CT	T023	C1184631
27261525	1679	1694	corticocortical	T023	C0007776
27261525	1695	1703	networks	T040	C0598941

27261587|t|Combination of telmisartan with sildenafil ameliorate progression of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin - induced diabetic model
27261587|a|Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the world. Several signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of DN including elevation in level of angiotensin II, formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE), activation of protein kinase c (PKC), and lipid accumulation. These pathways activate one another mutually leading to oxidative stress, increasing expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β 1) and release of interleukins and adhesion molecules, so the aim of this study is to interrupt more than pathogenic pathway to ameliorate the progression of DN. In the present study, white male rats (N=48) were divided into six groups (8 rats each), the first two groups served as normal control and a control vehicle group while the remaining four groups were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) and being left for 4 weeks to develop DN. Thereafter, the rats were divided into DN group, DN group receiving Telmisartan or Sildenafil or Telmisartan Sildenafil combination. After the specified treatment period, urine samples were collected (using metabolic cages) to measure proteinuria, animals were then euthanized, blood and tissue samples were collected for measurement of Blood glucose, BUN, S.Cr, LDL, NO, TGF-β1, IL-1β, AGEPs, and SOD. The combination therapy showed significant decrease in BUN, S.Cr, LDL, TGF-β1, IL-1β, Proteinuria and AGEPs and significant increase in SOD and NO. The findings showed that combination therapy was able to ameliorate DN and that the effects were superior to the single drugs alone.
27261587	0	11	Combination	T121	C0013162
27261587	15	26	telmisartan	T109,T121	C0248719
27261587	32	42	sildenafil	T109,T121	C0529793
27261587	43	53	ameliorate	T080	C0205556
27261587	54	65	progression	T046	C0242656
27261587	69	89	diabetic nephropathy	T047	C0011881
27261587	93	107	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
27261587	110	117	induced	T169	C0205263
27261587	118	126	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27261587	133	153	Diabetic nephropathy	T047	C0011881
27261587	155	157	DN	T047	C0011881
27261587	181	204	end-stage renal disease	T047	C0022661
27261587	227	245	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27261587	266	278	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27261587	282	284	DN	T047	C0011881
27261587	295	304	elevation	T082	C0702240
27261587	317	331	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27261587	333	342	formation	T169	C1522492
27261587	346	377	advanced glycation end products	T109,T123	C0162574
27261587	379	382	AGE	T109,T123	C0162574
27261587	385	395	activation	T043	C1819041
27261587	399	415	protein kinase c	T116,T126	C0033634
27261587	417	420	PKC	T116,T126	C0033634
27261587	427	445	lipid accumulation	T033	C0333574
27261587	453	461	pathways	T044	C0037080
27261587	462	470	activate	T052	C1879547
27261587	503	519	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27261587	532	542	expression	T045	C1171362
27261587	546	579	transforming growth factor beta-1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27261587	581	588	TGF-β 1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27261587	594	601	release	T169	C1283071
27261587	605	617	interleukins	T116,T129	C0021764
27261587	622	640	adhesion molecules	T116,T123	C0007578
27261587	693	703	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27261587	704	711	pathway	T077	C1705987
27261587	715	725	ameliorate	T080	C0205556
27261587	730	741	progression	T046	C0242656
27261587	745	747	DN	T047	C0011881
27261587	764	769	study	T062	C0008972
27261587	771	786	white male rats	T015	C0684072
27261587	826	830	rats	T015	C0684072
27261587	869	883	normal control	T096	C0009932
27261587	890	911	control vehicle group	T096	C0009932
27261587	958	966	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27261587	979	1004	intraperitoneal injection	T061	C0021493
27261587	1008	1022	Streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
27261587	1024	1027	STZ	T109,T195	C0038432
27261587	1067	1069	DN	T047	C0011881
27261587	1087	1091	rats	T015	C0684072
27261587	1110	1112	DN	T047	C0011881
27261587	1120	1122	DN	T047	C0011881
27261587	1139	1150	Telmisartan	T109,T121	C0248719
27261587	1154	1164	Sildenafil	T109,T121	C0529793
27261587	1168	1179	Telmisartan	T109,T121	C0248719
27261587	1180	1190	Sildenafil	T109,T121	C0529793
27261587	1191	1202	combination	T121	C0013162
27261587	1214	1223	specified	T080	C0205369
27261587	1224	1233	treatment	T169	C0039798
27261587	1234	1240	period	T079	C1948053
27261587	1242	1255	urine samples	T031	C1610733
27261587	1261	1270	collected	T078	C1516695
27261587	1278	1293	metabolic cages	T073	C3273359
27261587	1306	1317	proteinuria	T033	C0033687
27261587	1319	1326	animals	T008	C0003062
27261587	1337	1347	euthanized	T054	C0162665
27261587	1349	1354	blood	T031	C0178913
27261587	1359	1373	tissue samples	T024	C1292533
27261587	1379	1388	collected	T078	C1516695
27261587	1393	1421	measurement of Blood glucose	T059	C0392201
27261587	1423	1426	BUN	T059	C0005845
27261587	1428	1432	S.Cr	T059	C0201976
27261587	1434	1437	LDL	T059	C0202117
27261587	1439	1441	NO	T059	C3810607
27261587	1443	1449	TGF-β1	T059	C3889969
27261587	1451	1456	IL-1β	T059	C3815172
27261587	1458	1463	AGEPs	T059	C0022885
27261587	1469	1472	SOD	T059	C0022885
27261587	1478	1497	combination therapy	T061	C0013218
27261587	1529	1532	BUN	T123,T197	C0600137
27261587	1534	1538	S.Cr	T109,T123	C0010294
27261587	1540	1543	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
27261587	1545	1551	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27261587	1553	1558	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27261587	1560	1571	Proteinuria	T033	C0033687
27261587	1576	1581	AGEPs	T109,T123	C0162574
27261587	1610	1613	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
27261587	1618	1620	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27261587	1647	1666	combination therapy	T061	C0013218
27261587	1679	1689	ameliorate	T080	C0205556
27261587	1690	1692	DN	T047	C0011881
27261587	1719	1727	superior	T080	C0205556
27261587	1742	1747	drugs	T121	C0013227

27261783|t|Analysis of Low-Biomass Microbial Communities in the Deep Biosphere
27261783|a|Over the past few decades, the subseafloor biosphere has been explored by scientific ocean drilling to depths of about 2.5km below the seafloor. Although organic-rich anaerobic sedimentary habitats in the ocean margins harbor large numbers of microbial cells, microbial populations in ultraoligotrophic aerobic sedimentary habitats in the open ocean gyres are several orders of magnitude less abundant. Despite advances in cultivation-independent molecular ecological techniques, exploring the low-biomass environment remains technologically challenging, especially in the deep subseafloor biosphere. Reviewing the historical background of deep-biosphere analytical methods, the importance of obtaining clean samples and tracing contamination, as well as methods for detecting microbial life, technological aspects of molecular microbiology, and detecting subseafloor metabolic activity will be discussed.
27261783	0	8	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27261783	12	23	Low-Biomass	T081	C0005535
27261783	24	45	Microbial Communities	T001	C0445623
27261783	53	67	Deep Biosphere	UnknownType	C0681784
27261783	82	93	few decades	T081	C2981279
27261783	99	120	subseafloor biosphere	UnknownType	C0681784
27261783	142	167	scientific ocean drilling	T169	C0205245
27261783	171	177	depths	T082	C0205125
27261783	203	211	seafloor	UnknownType	C0681784
27261783	222	265	organic-rich anaerobic sedimentary habitats	T082	C0871648
27261783	273	293	ocean margins harbor	T082	C1254362
27261783	311	326	microbial cells	T001	C0445623
27261783	328	349	microbial populations	T001	C0445623
27261783	353	399	ultraoligotrophic aerobic sedimentary habitats	T082	C0871648
27261783	412	423	ocean gyres	T169	C0205245
27261783	446	455	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27261783	461	469	abundant	T080	C2346714
27261783	491	546	cultivation-independent molecular ecological techniques	T169	C0449851
27261783	562	573	low-biomass	T081	C0005535
27261783	574	585	environment	T082	C0014406
27261783	594	621	technologically challenging	T080	C0332218
27261783	641	667	deep subseafloor biosphere	UnknownType	C0681784
27261783	669	678	Reviewing	T080	C1704362
27261783	683	704	historical background	T170	C1552723
27261783	708	722	deep-biosphere	UnknownType	C0681784
27261783	723	741	analytical methods	T170	C0178476
27261783	747	757	importance	T080	C3898777
27261783	771	784	clean samples	T167	C0370003
27261783	789	796	tracing	T033	C0243095
27261783	797	810	contamination	T078	C2349974
27261783	823	830	methods	T170	C0025663
27261783	835	844	detecting	T033	C0243095
27261783	845	854	microbial	T001	C0599840
27261783	855	859	life	T078	C0376558
27261783	861	882	technological aspects	UnknownType	C0681539
27261783	886	908	molecular microbiology	T091	C0025952
27261783	914	923	detecting	T033	C0243095
27261783	924	935	subseafloor	UnknownType	C0681784
27261783	936	954	metabolic activity	T040	C0025519

27262143|t|Novel immunotherapeutic strategies to target alloantibody -producing B and plasma cells in transplantation
27262143|a|There is an unmet need for immunotherapeutic agents that target humoral alloimmunity in solid organ transplantation. This includes sensitized patients with preformed donor -specific human leucocyte antigen antibodies and patients who develop de-novo donor -specific antibodies, both of which are associated with acute and chronic antibody-mediated rejection and allograft loss. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the generation of B-cell and plasma cell -targeted therapeutics, with an emphasis on novel agents. To deplete or inhibit B cells, B-cell -specific mAbs have been developed, including CD20, CD22, CD19 and bi-specific antibodies that target two B-cell antigens. In addition, inhibition of B-cell - activating cytokines, such as B cell-activating factor, may also reduce allo-B-cell activation. Plasma cells remain a difficult therapeutic target, but inhibition of germinal centre responses via costimulatory blockade or IL21 neutralization, induction of plasma cell apoptosis using proteasome inhibitors or disruption of the plasma cell niche are potential avenues being explored. The ultimate aim of these animal and human studies is to develop agents that efficiently target humoral effectors, whilst sparing B and plasma cells with a regulatory capacity to promote long-term allograft survival, but we remain some distance away from this goal.
27262143	0	5	Novel	T080	C0205314
27262143	6	34	immunotherapeutic strategies	T061	C0021083
27262143	38	44	target	T169	C1521840
27262143	45	57	alloantibody	T129	C0022144
27262143	69	70	B	T025	C0004561
27262143	75	87	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27262143	91	106	transplantation	T061	C0040732
27262143	134	158	immunotherapeutic agents	T121,T129	C0876248
27262143	164	170	target	T169	C1521840
27262143	171	191	humoral alloimmunity	T042	C0598604
27262143	195	222	solid organ transplantation	T061	C0029216
27262143	238	257	sensitized patients	T101	C0030705
27262143	273	278	donor	T098	C0029206
27262143	289	312	human leucocyte antigen	T116,T129	C0019721
27262143	313	323	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27262143	328	336	patients	T101	C0030705
27262143	349	356	de-novo	T078	C1515568
27262143	357	362	donor	T098	C0029206
27262143	373	383	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27262143	403	418	associated with	T080	C0332281
27262143	419	424	acute	T079	C0205178
27262143	429	436	chronic	T079	C0205191
27262143	437	464	antibody-mediated rejection	T046	C1608421
27262143	469	478	allograft	T061	C0040739
27262143	479	483	loss	T081	C1517945
27262143	493	499	review	T170	C0282443
27262143	519	527	progress	T169	C1280477
27262143	535	545	generation	T052	C3146294
27262143	549	555	B-cell	T025	C0004561
27262143	560	571	plasma cell	T025	C0032112
27262143	582	594	therapeutics	T061	C0087111
27262143	616	621	novel	T080	C0205314
27262143	622	628	agents	T120	C0450442
27262143	633	640	deplete	T169	C0333668
27262143	644	651	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27262143	652	659	B cells	T025	C0004561
27262143	661	667	B-cell	T025	C0004561
27262143	678	682	mAbs	T116,T129	C0003250
27262143	714	718	CD20	T116,T129	C0054946
27262143	720	724	CD22	T116,T129	C0054947
27262143	726	730	CD19	T116,T129	C0108748
27262143	747	757	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27262143	763	769	target	T169	C1521840
27262143	774	780	B-cell	T025	C0004561
27262143	781	789	antigens	T129	C0003320
27262143	804	814	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27262143	818	824	B-cell	T025	C0004561
27262143	827	837	activating	T043	C1326120
27262143	838	847	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27262143	857	881	B cell-activating factor	T116,T123	C1682317
27262143	899	921	allo-B-cell activation	T043	C2259068
27262143	923	935	Plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27262143	955	966	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27262143	967	973	target	T169	C1521840
27262143	979	989	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27262143	993	1008	germinal centre	T024	C0282491
27262143	1009	1018	responses	T032	C0871261
27262143	1037	1045	blockade	T169	C0332206
27262143	1049	1053	IL21	T116,T129	C0962190
27262143	1054	1068	neutralization	T169	C2987668
27262143	1070	1079	induction	T169	C0205263
27262143	1083	1094	plasma cell	T025	C0032112
27262143	1095	1104	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27262143	1111	1132	proteasome inhibitors	T121	C1443643
27262143	1136	1146	disruption	T169	C0332453
27262143	1154	1165	plasma cell	T025	C0032112
27262143	1223	1226	aim	T078	C1947946
27262143	1236	1242	animal	T008	C0003062
27262143	1247	1260	human studies	T062	C0178693
27262143	1299	1305	target	T169	C1521840
27262143	1306	1323	humoral effectors	T025	C0312740
27262143	1340	1341	B	T025	C0004561
27262143	1346	1358	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27262143	1366	1376	regulatory	T077	C1704735
27262143	1377	1385	capacity	T033	C0518031
27262143	1407	1416	allograft	T061	C0040739
27262143	1417	1425	survival	T042	C0018131
27262143	1470	1474	goal	T170	C0018017

27262362|t|Survival status and functional outcome of children who required prolonged intensive care after cardiac surgery
27262362|a|Children who require prolonged intensive care after cardiac surgery are at risk of high mortality. The long-term survival and functional outcome of these children have not been studied in detail. Children who stayed in intensive care for >28 days after cardiac surgery from 1997 to 2012 were studied in a single institution. A total of 116 patients were identified; 107 (92%) were <1 year of age and 63 (54%) had univentricular physiology. The incidence of children requiring prolonged intensive care increased from 1.01/100 undergoing cardiac surgery in 1997 to 2000 to 2.66/100 in 2009 to 2012 (P trend = .002). This increase coincided with an increase in the number of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome having prolonged intensive care during the same period (0.13/100 in 1997-2000 to 1.0/100 in 2009-2012; P trend = .001). Survival to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) discharge was 74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65-82) and 51% (95% CI, 41-59) at 3 years. Factors associated with mortality were univentricular repair (hazard ratio [HR], 2.12; 95% CI, 1.21-3.70; P = .008) and acute renal failure (HR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.77-5.12; P < .001), but era did not influence mortality (1997-2005 vs 2006-2012; log-rank P = .66). Among PICU survivors, 3- year survival in those who did not need early reoperation was 81% (95% CI, 66-90), compared with 58% (95% CI, 42-71) in those who required early reoperation (log-rank P = .01). Among survivors, 36% had either moderate or severe disability and 13% had poor quality of life. The incidence of children requiring prolonged intensive care after cardiac surgery has increase d in our institution. Our data suggest that the long-term outcome for most of these children is poor, especially after univentricular repair.
27262362	0	15	Survival status	T033	C1148433
27262362	20	30	functional	T169	C0205245
27262362	31	38	outcome	T169	C1274040
27262362	42	50	children	T100	C0008059
27262362	55	63	required	T169	C1514873
27262362	64	73	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27262362	74	88	intensive care	T058	C0085559
27262362	95	110	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27262362	111	119	Children	T100	C0008059
27262362	132	141	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27262362	142	156	intensive care	T058	C0085559
27262362	163	178	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27262362	183	190	at risk	T080	C1444641
27262362	194	208	high mortality	T081	C0205848
27262362	214	223	long-term	T079	C0443252
27262362	224	232	survival	T033	C1148433
27262362	237	247	functional	T169	C0205245
27262362	248	255	outcome	T169	C1274040
27262362	265	273	children	T100	C0008059
27262362	299	305	detail	T080	C1522508
27262362	307	315	Children	T100	C0008059
27262362	320	326	stayed	T033	C2706919
27262362	330	344	intensive care	T058	C0085559
27262362	353	357	days	T079	C0439228
27262362	364	379	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27262362	423	434	institution	T093	C2607850
27262362	451	459	patients	T101	C0030705
27262362	465	475	identified	T080	C0205396
27262362	495	506	year of age	T079	C1510829
27262362	524	549	univentricular physiology	T019,T047	C2959602
27262362	555	564	incidence	T081	C0021149
27262362	568	576	children	T100	C0008059
27262362	587	596	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27262362	597	611	intensive care	T058	C0085559
27262362	612	621	increased	T081	C0205217
27262362	647	662	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27262362	730	738	increase	T169	C0442805
27262362	730	738	increase	T169	C0442805
27262362	757	765	increase	T169	C0442805
27262362	773	779	number	T081	C0237753
27262362	783	791	children	T100	C0008059
27262362	797	828	hypoplastic left heart syndrome	T047	C0152101
27262362	836	845	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27262362	846	860	intensive care	T058	C0085559
27262362	877	883	period	T079	C1948053
27262362	949	957	Survival	T033	C1148433
27262362	961	990	pediatric intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021710
27262362	992	996	PICU	T073,T093	C0021710
27262362	998	1007	discharge	T058	C0030685
27262362	1021	1040	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27262362	1042	1044	CI	T081	C0009667
27262362	1067	1069	CI	T081	C0009667
27262362	1083	1088	years	T079	C0439234
27262362	1090	1097	Factors	T169	C1521761
27262362	1098	1113	associated with	T080	C0332281
27262362	1114	1123	mortality	T081	C0205848
27262362	1129	1150	univentricular repair	T061	C1961051
27262362	1152	1164	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27262362	1166	1168	HR	T081	C2985465
27262362	1181	1183	CI	T081	C0009667
27262362	1210	1229	acute renal failure	T047	C0022660
27262362	1231	1233	HR	T081	C2985465
27262362	1245	1247	CI	T081	C0009667
27262362	1287	1296	influence	T077	C4054723
27262362	1297	1306	mortality	T081	C0205848
27262362	1357	1361	PICU	T073,T093	C0021710
27262362	1362	1371	survivors	T101	C0206194
27262362	1376	1380	year	T079	C0439234
27262362	1381	1389	survival	T033	C1148433
27262362	1416	1421	early	T079	C1279919
27262362	1422	1433	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27262362	1447	1449	CI	T081	C0009667
27262362	1459	1467	compared	T052	C1707455
27262362	1482	1484	CI	T081	C0009667
27262362	1506	1514	required	T169	C1514873
27262362	1515	1520	early	T079	C1279919
27262362	1521	1532	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27262362	1559	1568	survivors	T101	C0206194
27262362	1585	1593	moderate	T033	C0424989
27262362	1597	1614	severe disability	T033	C0424990
27262362	1627	1647	poor quality of life	T033	C3686815
27262362	1653	1662	incidence	T081	C0021149
27262362	1666	1674	children	T100	C0008059
27262362	1685	1694	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27262362	1695	1709	intensive care	T058	C0085559
27262362	1716	1731	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27262362	1736	1744	increase	T169	C0442805
27262362	1754	1765	institution	T093	C2607850
27262362	1771	1775	data	T078	C1511726
27262362	1776	1783	suggest	T078	C1705535
27262362	1793	1802	long-term	T079	C0443252
27262362	1803	1810	outcome	T169	C1274040
27262362	1829	1837	children	T100	C0008059
27262362	1841	1845	poor	T080	C2700379
27262362	1864	1885	univentricular repair	T061	C1961051

27263085|t|Haptic feedback helps bipedal coordination
27263085|a|The present study investigated whether special haptic or visual feedback would facilitate the coordination of in-phase, cyclical feet movements of different amplitudes. Seventeen healthy participants sat with their feet on sliding panels that were moved externally over the same or different amplitudes. The participants were asked to generate simultaneous knee flexion-extension movements, or to let their feet be dragged, resulting in reference foot displacements of 150 mm and experimental foot displacements of 150, 120, or 90 mm. Four types of feedback were given: (1) special haptic feedback, involving actively following the motions of the sliders manipulated by two confederates, (2) haptic feedback resulting from passive motion, (3) veridical visual feedback, and (4) enhanced visual feedback. Both with respect to amplitude assimilation effects, correlations and standard deviation of relative phase, the results showed that enhanced visual feedback did not facilitate bipedal independence, but haptic feedback with active movement did. Implications of the findings for movement rehabilitation contexts are discussed.
27263085	0	6	Haptic	T042	C0871762
27263085	7	15	feedback	T041	C2911691
27263085	22	29	bipedal	T023	C0016504
27263085	30	42	coordination	T039	C0242414
27263085	55	60	study	T062	C2603343
27263085	61	73	investigated	T169	C1292732
27263085	82	89	special	T080	C0205555
27263085	90	96	haptic	T042	C0871762
27263085	100	115	visual feedback	T041	C2936181
27263085	137	149	coordination	T039	C0242414
27263085	153	161	in-phase	T082	C1254362
27263085	163	171	cyclical	T079	C0439596
27263085	172	176	feet	T023	C0016504
27263085	177	186	movements	T040	C0026649
27263085	190	199	different	T080	C1705242
27263085	200	210	amplitudes	T082	C2346753
27263085	222	242	healthy participants	T098	C1708335
27263085	258	262	feet	T023	C0016504
27263085	266	273	sliding	T169	C0332246
27263085	274	280	panels	T073	C1706365
27263085	291	296	moved	T169	C1269909
27263085	297	307	externally	T082	C0205101
27263085	325	334	different	T080	C1705242
27263085	335	345	amplitudes	T082	C2346753
27263085	351	363	participants	T098	C0679646
27263085	378	386	generate	T052	C3146294
27263085	387	399	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27263085	400	404	knee	T023	C0022742
27263085	405	422	flexion-extension	T082	C0444509
27263085	423	432	movements	T040	C0026649
27263085	450	454	feet	T023	C0016504
27263085	458	465	dragged	T033	C0243095
27263085	467	479	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27263085	480	489	reference	T081	C0034925
27263085	490	494	foot	T023	C0016504
27263085	495	508	displacements	T061	C0441526
27263085	523	535	experimental	T080	C1517586
27263085	536	540	foot	T023	C0016504
27263085	541	554	displacements	T061	C0441526
27263085	592	600	feedback	T041	C2911691
27263085	617	624	special	T080	C0205555
27263085	625	631	haptic	T041	C0870771
27263085	632	640	feedback	T041	C2911691
27263085	642	651	involving	T169	C1314939
27263085	661	670	following	T079	C0332282
27263085	675	682	motions	T169	C0687704
27263085	690	697	sliders	T074	C0025080
27263085	698	709	manipulated	T061	C0947647
27263085	717	729	confederates	T098	C1257890
27263085	735	741	haptic	T041	C0870771
27263085	742	750	feedback	T041	C2911691
27263085	766	780	passive motion	T042	C0079991
27263085	786	795	veridical	T080	C0205556
27263085	796	811	visual feedback	T041	C2936181
27263085	821	829	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27263085	830	845	visual feedback	T041	C2936181
27263085	868	877	amplitude	T082	C2346753
27263085	878	890	assimilation	T041	C1999057
27263085	891	898	effects	T080	C1280500
27263085	900	912	correlations	T080	C1707520
27263085	917	935	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27263085	939	947	relative	T080	C0205345
27263085	948	953	phase	T079	C0205390
27263085	959	966	results	T034	C0456984
27263085	979	987	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27263085	988	1003	visual feedback	T041	C2936181
27263085	1023	1030	bipedal	T023	C0016504
27263085	1031	1043	independence	T078	C0085862
27263085	1049	1055	haptic	T041	C0870771
27263085	1056	1064	feedback	T041	C2911691
27263085	1070	1085	active movement	T040	C0231481
27263085	1111	1119	findings	T033	C0243095
27263085	1124	1132	movement	T040	C0026649
27263085	1133	1147	rehabilitation	T033	C0007237
27263085	1148	1156	contexts	T078	C0449255

27264279|t|Synthesis and in vitro bone cell activity of analogues of the cyclohexapeptide dianthin G
27264279|a|The cyclohexapeptide natural product dianthin G promotes osteoblast (bone-forming cell) proliferation in vitro at nanomolar concentrations, and is therefore considered a promising candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis. An N(α)-methyl amide bond scan of dianthin G was performed to probe the effect of modifying amide bonds on osteoblast proliferation. In addition, to provide greater structural diversity, a series of dicarba dianthin G analogues was synthesised using ring closing metathesis. Dianthin G and one novel dicarba analogue increased the number of human osteoblasts and importantly they did not increase osteoclast (bone-resorbing cell) differentiation in bone marrow cells.
27264279	0	9	Synthesis	T052	C1883254
27264279	14	22	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27264279	23	32	bone cell	T025	C0029432
27264279	33	41	activity	T052	C0441655
27264279	45	54	analogues	T104	C0002776
27264279	62	89	cyclohexapeptide dianthin G	T121	C1254351
27264279	94	137	cyclohexapeptide natural product dianthin G	T121	C1254351
27264279	138	146	promotes	T052	C0033414
27264279	147	191	osteoblast (bone-forming cell) proliferation	T043	C2247140
27264279	192	200	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27264279	204	228	nanomolar concentrations	T081	C0457929
27264279	288	297	treatment	T169	C1522326
27264279	301	313	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
27264279	318	340	N(α)-methyl amide bond	T104	C1254350
27264279	349	359	dianthin G	T121	C1254351
27264279	364	373	performed	T169	C0884358
27264279	377	382	probe	T169	C1292732
27264279	387	393	effect	T080	C1280500
27264279	407	418	amide bonds	T104	C1254350
27264279	422	446	osteoblast proliferation	T043	C2247140
27264279	480	490	structural	T082	C0678594
27264279	491	500	diversity	T080	C1880371
27264279	514	542	dicarba dianthin G analogues	T104	C0002776
27264279	547	558	synthesised	T052	C1883254
27264279	565	588	ring closing metathesis	T067	C0596319
27264279	590	600	Dianthin G	T121	C1254351
27264279	609	614	novel	T080	C0205314
27264279	615	631	dicarba analogue	T104	C0002776
27264279	632	641	increased	T081	C0205217
27264279	656	661	human	T016	C0086418
27264279	662	673	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27264279	703	711	increase	T081	C0205217
27264279	712	760	osteoclast (bone-resorbing cell) differentiation	T043	C1159978
27264279	764	781	bone marrow cells	T025	C0005955

27265179|t|Effects of grazing cow diet on volatile compounds as well as physicochemical and sensory characteristics of 12- month - ripened Montasio cheese
27265179|a|The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pasture type and cow feeding supplementation level on a 12- mo - ripened Montasio protected designation of origin (PDO) cheese, which is one of the most important PDO cheeses produced in northeast Italy. Cheeses were characterized for volatile compounds, color, mechanical variables, and sensory descriptors. Pasture type significantly affected most of the instrumental variables considered and, as a consequence, sensory properties were affected as well. Cheeses from the pasture characterized by a nutrient-rich vegetation type were higher in protein and lower in fat content. Furthermore, such cheeses, evaluated by a sensory panel, were more intense in color with a more pungent and less cow-like odor, in agreement with what found through instrumental analyses. Supplementation level resulted in less pronounced effects, limited to volatile compounds and texture properties, which were not detected by sensory analysis. The characterization of the 12- mo ripened Montasio cheese reported here is an important step for the valorization of this PDO product.
27265179	0	7	Effects	T080	C1280500
27265179	11	22	grazing cow	T040	C3178952
27265179	23	27	diet	T168	C0012155
27265179	31	49	volatile compounds	T120	C0443769
27265179	61	76	physicochemical	T070	C2350462
27265179	81	88	sensory	T080	C0445254
27265179	89	104	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27265179	112	117	month	T079	C0439231
27265179	120	143	ripened Montasio cheese	T168	C0007968
27265179	160	165	study	T062	C2603343
27265179	173	181	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27265179	186	193	effects	T080	C1280500
27265179	197	204	pasture	T082	C0442534
27265179	214	217	cow	T015	C0007452
27265179	218	225	feeding	T052	C2987508
27265179	226	241	supplementation	T168	C0242295
27265179	257	259	mo	T079	C0439231
27265179	262	278	ripened Montasio	T168	C0007968
27265179	279	310	protected designation of origin	T170	C1519193
27265179	312	315	PDO	T170	C1519193
27265179	317	323	cheese	T168	C0007968
27265179	360	363	PDO	T170	C1519193
27265179	364	371	cheeses	T168	C0007968
27265179	384	399	northeast Italy	T083	C0022277
27265179	401	408	Cheeses	T168	C0007968
27265179	414	427	characterized	T052	C1880022
27265179	432	450	volatile compounds	T120	C0443769
27265179	452	457	color	T080	C0009393
27265179	459	479	mechanical variables	T080	C0439828
27265179	485	492	sensory	T080	C0445254
27265179	493	504	descriptors	T170	C0282354
27265179	506	513	Pasture	T082	C0442534
27265179	519	532	significantly	T078	C0750502
27265179	533	541	affected	T169	C0392760
27265179	554	566	instrumental	T081	C1704339
27265179	567	576	variables	T080	C0439828
27265179	611	618	sensory	T080	C0445254
27265179	635	643	affected	T169	C0392760
27265179	653	660	Cheeses	T168	C0007968
27265179	670	677	pasture	T082	C0442534
27265179	678	691	characterized	T052	C1880022
27265179	697	710	nutrient-rich	T168	C0678695
27265179	711	721	vegetation	T168	C0032099
27265179	742	749	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27265179	763	766	fat	T109,T168	C0012171
27265179	794	801	cheeses	T168	C0007968
27265179	803	812	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27265179	818	831	sensory panel	T097	C0027363
27265179	843	850	intense	T080	C0522510
27265179	854	859	color	T080	C0009393
27265179	872	879	pungent	T070	C0028884
27265179	889	902	cow-like odor	T070	C0028884
27265179	941	953	instrumental	T081	C1704339
27265179	954	962	analyses	T062	C0936012
27265179	964	979	Supplementation	T168	C0242295
27265179	1014	1021	effects	T080	C1280500
27265179	1034	1052	volatile compounds	T120	C0443769
27265179	1057	1064	texture	T080	C0449582
27265179	1104	1111	sensory	T080	C0445254
27265179	1112	1120	analysis	T062	C0936012
27265179	1126	1142	characterization	T052	C1880022
27265179	1154	1156	mo	T079	C0439231
27265179	1157	1180	ripened Montasio cheese	T168	C0007968
27265179	1224	1236	valorization	T081	C0600618
27265179	1245	1248	PDO	T170	C1519193
27265179	1249	1256	product	T071	C1514468

27265654|t|Conservation education and habitat restoration for the endangered Sagalla caecilian (Boulengerula niedeni) in Sagalla Hill, Kenya
27265654|a|The Sagalla caecilian (Boulengerula niedeni) is an endangered amphibian endemic to Sagalla Hill in the Taita Hills. This burrowing worm -like species prefers soft soil with high moisture and organic matter. The major threats to the Sagalla caecilian are soil erosion caused by steep slopes, bare ground and water siphoning / soil hardening from exotic eucalyptus trees. The purpose of this study was to get a better understanding of the local people's attitude towards this species and how they can contribute to its continued conservation through restoration of its remaining habitat. In this study, it was found that 96% of Sagalla people are aware of the species, its habits and its association with soils high in organic matter. It was also found that 96% of Sagalla people use organic manure from cow dung in their farms. Habitat restoration through planting of indigenous plants was found to be ongoing, especially on compounds of public institutions as well as on private lands. Although drought was found to be a challenge for seedlings development especially on the low elevation sites, destruction by livestock especially during the dry season is also a major threat. In this study, it was recommended that any future habitat restoration initiative should include strong chain-link fencing to protect the seedlings from livestock activity. Recognizing that the preferred habitats for the species are in the valleys, systematic planting of keystone plant species such as fig trees (Ficus) creates the best microhabitats. These are better than general woodlots of indigenous trees.
27265654	0	22	Conservation education	T065	C0013652
27265654	27	34	habitat	T082	C0871648
27265654	35	46	restoration	T169	C0205245
27265654	55	65	endangered	T098	C2717882
27265654	66	83	Sagalla caecilian	T011	C2999417
27265654	85	105	Boulengerula niedeni	T011	C2999417
27265654	110	122	Sagalla Hill	T083	C0022558
27265654	124	129	Kenya	T083	C0022558
27265654	134	151	Sagalla caecilian	T011	C2999417
27265654	153	173	Boulengerula niedeni	T011	C2999417
27265654	181	191	endangered	T098	C2717882
27265654	192	201	amphibian	T011	C0002668
27265654	202	209	endemic	UnknownType	C0681784
27265654	213	225	Sagalla Hill	T083	C0022558
27265654	233	244	Taita Hills	T083	C0022558
27265654	251	265	burrowing worm	T204	C0018893
27265654	272	279	species	T185	C1705920
27265654	288	292	soft	T080	C0205358
27265654	293	297	soil	T167	C0037592
27265654	303	307	high	T080	C0205250
27265654	308	316	moisture	T167	C0868994
27265654	321	335	organic matter	T167	C0439861
27265654	341	346	major	T080	C0205164
27265654	347	354	threats	T078	C0749385
27265654	362	379	Sagalla caecilian	T011	C2999417
27265654	384	396	soil erosion	T070	C1254365
27265654	397	403	caused	T169	C0678227
27265654	407	419	steep slopes	T082	C1254362
27265654	426	432	ground	T083	C0242744
27265654	437	452	water siphoning	T067	C1254366
27265654	455	469	soil hardening	T067	C1254366
27265654	475	498	exotic eucalyptus trees	T002	C0015148
27265654	520	525	study	T062	C2603343
27265654	539	545	better	T080	C0332272
27265654	546	559	understanding	T041	C0162340
27265654	567	572	local	T082	C0205276
27265654	573	581	people's	T098	C0027361
27265654	582	590	attitude	T041	C0004271
27265654	604	611	species	T185	C1705920
27265654	629	639	contribute	T052	C1880177
27265654	647	656	continued	T078	C0549178
27265654	657	669	conservation	T080	C2347858
27265654	678	689	restoration	T169	C0205245
27265654	697	706	remaining	T080	C1527428
27265654	707	714	habitat	T082	C0871648
27265654	724	729	study	T062	C2603343
27265654	738	743	found	T033	C0150312
27265654	756	763	Sagalla	T083	C0022558
27265654	764	770	people	T098	C0027361
27265654	775	780	aware	T041	C0004448
27265654	788	795	species	T185	C1705920
27265654	801	807	habits	T055	C0018464
27265654	833	838	soils	T167	C0037592
27265654	839	843	high	T080	C0205250
27265654	847	861	organic matter	T167	C0439861
27265654	875	880	found	T033	C0150312
27265654	893	900	Sagalla	T083	C0022558
27265654	901	907	people	T098	C0027361
27265654	912	919	organic	T080	C0747055
27265654	920	926	manure	T167	C0024765
27265654	932	935	cow	T015	C0007452
27265654	936	940	dung	T031	C0015733
27265654	950	955	farms	T082	C0557759
27265654	957	964	Habitat	T082	C0871648
27265654	965	976	restoration	T169	C0205245
27265654	985	993	planting	T052	C0441655
27265654	997	1007	indigenous	T082	C0205276
27265654	1008	1014	plants	T002	C0032098
27265654	1019	1024	found	T033	C0150312
27265654	1031	1038	ongoing	T078	C0549178
27265654	1040	1050	especially	T080	C0205555
27265654	1054	1063	compounds	T103	C1706082
27265654	1067	1086	public institutions	T092	C1552744
27265654	1101	1114	private lands	UnknownType	C0681784
27265654	1125	1132	drought	T070	C0013140
27265654	1137	1142	found	T033	C0150312
27265654	1165	1174	seedlings	T002	C0242437
27265654	1175	1186	development	T169	C1527148
27265654	1205	1208	low	T080	C0205251
27265654	1209	1218	elevation	T082	C0702240
27265654	1219	1224	sites	T082	C0205145
27265654	1226	1237	destruction	T052	C1948029
27265654	1241	1250	livestock	T008	C2936506
27265654	1262	1268	during	T079	C0347984
27265654	1273	1276	dry	T080	C0205222
27265654	1277	1283	season	T079	C0036497
27265654	1294	1299	major	T080	C0205164
27265654	1300	1306	threat	T078	C0749385
27265654	1316	1321	study	T062	C2603343
27265654	1330	1341	recommended	T078	C0034866
27265654	1351	1357	future	T079	C0016884
27265654	1358	1365	habitat	T082	C0871648
27265654	1366	1377	restoration	T169	C0205245
27265654	1378	1388	initiative	T041	C0424093
27265654	1396	1403	include	T169	C0332257
27265654	1404	1410	strong	T080	C0442821
27265654	1411	1421	chain-link	T073	C3273359
27265654	1422	1429	fencing	T052	C0441655
27265654	1445	1454	seedlings	T002	C0242437
27265654	1460	1469	livestock	T008	C2936506
27265654	1470	1478	activity	T052	C0441655
27265654	1501	1510	preferred	T078	C0558295
27265654	1511	1519	habitats	T082	C0871648
27265654	1528	1535	species	T185	C1705920
27265654	1547	1554	valleys	T082	C0563004
27265654	1556	1566	systematic	T169	C0220922
27265654	1567	1575	planting	T052	C0441655
27265654	1579	1593	keystone plant	T002	C0032098
27265654	1594	1601	species	T185	C1705920
27265654	1610	1619	fig trees	T002	C0969754
27265654	1621	1626	Ficus	T002	C0969754
27265654	1628	1635	creates	T052	C1706214
27265654	1645	1658	microhabitats	T082	C0871648
27265654	1670	1676	better	T080	C0332272
27265654	1682	1689	general	T082	C0205246
27265654	1690	1698	woodlots	T082	C1254362
27265654	1702	1712	indigenous	T082	C0205276
27265654	1713	1718	trees	T002	C0040811

27266283|t|The sensitivity and specifity of DR-70 immunoassay as a tumor marker for non-small cell lung cancer
27266283|a|Lung cancer is the most important causes of the cancer related mortality. Patients with lung cancer are usually diagnosed at advanced or locally advanced stage, for this reason early diagnosis of lung cancer is very important. For early detection of lung cancer some methods are emphasized such as low-dose computed tomography or tumor biomarkers. In this study we aimed to evaluate DR-70 sensitivity and specificity as a tumor marker in detection of non-small cell lung cancers. Between May 2013 and April 2014, the serum samples from 88 non lung cancer patients, 86 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disesase were obtained. Blood samples from each participant were analyzed for DR-70 level. Totally 174 patients were enrolled to the study (152 male, 22 female). Histopathologically 47(53.4%) patients were diagnosed with squamous cell lung cancer, 34 (38.6%) with adenocarcinoma, and 7 (8%) with non-small cell lung cancer. The mean serum DR-70 levels in lung cancer patients (2.43 ± 1.82 µg/mL) was significantly higher compared to the 86 non-cancerous subjects (1.15 ± 0.70 µg/mL) (p< 0.01). DR-70 exhibited clinical sensitivity and specificity of 54.5 and 83.7%, respectively, at an optimal cut off at 1.98 µg/mL. It could be said that the risk of the presence of the disease is 6.171 times higher in the cases where DR-70 level is 1.98 µg/mL and higher. DR-70, a marker used to measure fibrin degradation products, generated by all major cancers, may helps to find high risk lung cancer patients.
27266283	4	29	sensitivity and specifity	T081	C0036668
27266283	33	38	DR-70	T123	C0041365
27266283	39	50	immunoassay	T059	C0020980
27266283	56	68	tumor marker	T123	C0041365
27266283	73	99	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27266283	100	111	Lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27266283	148	172	cancer related mortality	T081	C1516192
27266283	174	182	Patients	T101	C0030705
27266283	188	199	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27266283	212	221	diagnosed	T060	C0430022
27266283	225	233	advanced	T029	C0005898
27266283	237	259	locally advanced stage	T029	C0005898
27266283	277	292	early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
27266283	296	307	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27266283	331	346	early detection	T060	C0596473
27266283	350	361	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27266283	398	426	low-dose computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27266283	430	446	tumor biomarkers	T123	C0041366
27266283	474	482	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27266283	483	488	DR-70	T123	C0041365
27266283	489	516	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
27266283	522	534	tumor marker	T123	C0041365
27266283	538	547	detection	T061	C1511790
27266283	551	578	non-small cell lung cancers	T191	C0007131
27266283	588	591	May	T079	C3812381
27266283	601	606	April	T079	C3715024
27266283	617	630	serum samples	T031	C1550100
27266283	639	654	non lung cancer	T191	C0006826
27266283	655	663	patients	T101	C0030705
27266283	668	676	patients	T101	C0030705
27266283	682	720	chronic obstructive pulmonary disesase	T047	C0024117
27266283	736	749	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
27266283	760	771	participant	T098	C0679646
27266283	777	785	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27266283	790	795	DR-70	T123	C0041365
27266283	796	801	level	T080	C0441889
27266283	815	823	patients	T101	C0030705
27266283	845	850	study	T062	C2603343
27266283	856	860	male	T098	C0025266
27266283	865	871	female	T098	C0043210
27266283	874	893	Histopathologically	T169	C0243140
27266283	904	912	patients	T101	C0030705
27266283	918	927	diagnosed	T060	C0430022
27266283	933	958	squamous cell lung cancer	T191	C0149782
27266283	976	990	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
27266283	1008	1034	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27266283	1040	1056	mean serum DR-70	T123	C0041365
27266283	1057	1063	levels	T080	C0441889
27266283	1067	1078	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27266283	1079	1087	patients	T101	C0030705
27266283	1112	1132	significantly higher	T033	C0243095
27266283	1133	1141	compared	T052	C1707455
27266283	1152	1165	non-cancerous	T033	C0243095
27266283	1166	1174	subjects	T098	C2349001
27266283	1206	1211	DR-70	T123	C0041365
27266283	1222	1230	clinical	T080	C0205210
27266283	1231	1258	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
27266283	1298	1305	optimal	T080	C2698651
27266283	1306	1313	cut off	T169	C1442160
27266283	1383	1390	disease	T047	C0012634
27266283	1432	1437	DR-70	T123	C0041365
27266283	1438	1443	level	T080	C0441889
27266283	1470	1475	DR-70	T123	C0041365
27266283	1479	1485	marker	T123	C0041365
27266283	1494	1501	measure	T081	C0079809
27266283	1502	1529	fibrin degradation products	T116,T123	C0163275
27266283	1554	1561	cancers	T191	C0006826
27266283	1581	1590	high risk	T033	C0332167
27266283	1591	1602	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27266283	1603	1611	patients	T101	C0030705

27266322|t|The biological effect of metal ions on the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge
27266322|a|As a special biofilm structure, microbial attachment is believed to play an important role in the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge (AGAS). This experiment was to investigate the biological effect of Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), Fe(2+), Zn(2+), and K(+) which are the most common ions present in biological wastewater treatment systems, on the microbial attachment of AGAS and flocculent activated sludge (FAS), from which AGAS is always derived, in order to provide a new strategy for the rapid cultivation and stability control of AGAS. The result showed that attachment biomass of AGAS was about 300% higher than that of FAS without the addition of metal ions. Different metal ions had different effects on the process of microbial attachment. FAS and AGAS reacted differently to the metal ions as well, and in fact, AGAS was more sensitive to the metal ions. Specifically, Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and K(+) could increase the microbial attachment ability of both AGAS and FAS under appropriate concentrations, Cu(2+), Fe(2+), and Zn(2+) were also beneficial to the microbial attachment of FAS at low concentrations, but Cu(2+), Fe(2+), and Zn(2+) greatly inhibited the attachment process of AGAS even at extremely low concentrations. In addition, the acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing system, the content of extracellular polymeric substances and the relative hydrophobicity of the sludges were greatly influenced by metal ions. As all these parameters had close relationships with the microbial attachment process, the microbial attachment may be affected by changes of these parameters.
27266322	4	14	biological	T080	C0205460
27266322	15	21	effect	T080	C1280500
27266322	25	30	metal	T197	C0025552
27266322	31	35	ions	T196	C0022023
27266322	43	54	granulation	T059	C4281706
27266322	58	65	aerobic	T080	C1510824
27266322	66	74	granular	T080	C0205248
27266322	75	84	activated	T052	C1879547
27266322	85	91	sludge	T069	C0282346
27266322	105	112	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27266322	124	133	microbial	T001	C0599840
27266322	134	144	attachment	T052	C1947904
27266322	190	201	granulation	T059	C4281706
27266322	213	221	granular	T080	C0205248
27266322	222	231	activated	T052	C1879547
27266322	232	238	sludge	T069	C0282346
27266322	240	244	AGAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	270	281	investigate	T169	C1292732
27266322	286	296	biological	T080	C0205460
27266322	297	303	effect	T080	C1280500
27266322	307	314	Ca(2+),	T121,T196	C0596235
27266322	315	321	Mg(2+)	T121,T196	C2346927
27266322	323	329	Cu(2+)	T121,T197	C1177210
27266322	331	337	Fe(2+)	T196	C2346592
27266322	339	345	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
27266322	351	355	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
27266322	382	386	ions	T196	C0022023
27266322	398	408	biological	T080	C0205460
27266322	409	419	wastewater	T069	C3494254
27266322	420	429	treatment	T057	C0597684
27266322	446	455	microbial	T001	C0599840
27266322	456	466	attachment	T052	C1947904
27266322	470	474	AGAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	479	489	flocculent	T043	C0016243
27266322	490	499	activated	T052	C1879547
27266322	500	506	sludge	T069	C0282346
27266322	508	511	FAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	525	529	AGAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	592	597	rapid	T080	C0456962
27266322	598	609	cultivation	T169	C0220814
27266322	614	623	stability	T080	C0205360
27266322	624	631	control	T080	C0243148
27266322	635	639	AGAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	664	674	attachment	T052	C1947904
27266322	675	682	biomass	T081	C0005535
27266322	686	690	AGAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	726	729	FAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	754	759	metal	T197	C0025552
27266322	760	764	ions	T196	C0022023
27266322	776	781	metal	T197	C0025552
27266322	782	786	ions	T196	C0022023
27266322	801	808	effects	T080	C1280500
27266322	816	823	process	T067	C1522240
27266322	827	836	microbial	T001	C0599840
27266322	837	847	attachment	T052	C1947904
27266322	849	852	FAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	857	861	AGAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	889	894	metal	T197	C0025552
27266322	895	899	ions	T196	C0022023
27266322	922	926	AGAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	936	945	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27266322	953	958	metal	T197	C0025552
27266322	959	963	ions	T196	C0022023
27266322	979	985	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27266322	987	993	Mg(2+)	T121,T196	C2346927
27266322	999	1003	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
27266322	1023	1032	microbial	T001	C0599840
27266322	1033	1043	attachment	T052	C1947904
27266322	1060	1064	AGAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	1069	1072	FAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	1079	1090	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27266322	1091	1105	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27266322	1107	1113	Cu(2+)	T121,T197	C1177210
27266322	1115	1121	Fe(2+)	T196	C2346592
27266322	1127	1133	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
27266322	1162	1171	microbial	T001	C0599840
27266322	1172	1182	attachment	T052	C1947904
27266322	1186	1189	FAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	1193	1196	low	T080	C0205251
27266322	1197	1211	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27266322	1217	1223	Cu(2+)	T121,T197	C1177210
27266322	1225	1231	Fe(2+)	T196	C2346592
27266322	1237	1243	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
27266322	1266	1284	attachment process	T052	C1947904
27266322	1288	1292	AGAS	T069	C0282346
27266322	1301	1310	extremely	T080	C0205403
27266322	1311	1314	low	T080	C0205251
27266322	1315	1329	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27266322	1348	1375	acylated homoserine lactone	T109	C1313745
27266322	1377	1380	AHL	T109	C1313745
27266322	1388	1409	quorum sensing system	T043	C1154599
27266322	1426	1439	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27266322	1440	1460	polymeric substances	T104,T122	C0032521
27266322	1478	1492	hydrophobicity	T080	C0598629
27266322	1500	1507	sludges	T069	C0282346
27266322	1535	1540	metal	T197	C0025552
27266322	1541	1545	ions	T196	C0022023
27266322	1560	1570	parameters	T077	C0549193
27266322	1604	1613	microbial	T001	C0599840
27266322	1614	1632	attachment process	T052	C1947904
27266322	1638	1647	microbial	T001	C0599840
27266322	1648	1658	attachment	T052	C1947904
27266322	1678	1685	changes	T169	C0392747
27266322	1695	1705	parameters	T077	C0549193

27266753|t|The clinical and economic burden of significant bleeding during lung resection surgery: A retrospective matched cohort analysis of real - world data
27266753|a|The objective of this retrospective study was to quantify the clinical and economic burden of significant bleeding in lung resection surgery in the US. This study utilized 2009-2012 data from the Premier Perspective Database(TM). Adult patients with primary pulmonary lobectomy or segmentectomy procedures were categorized by the surgical approach (VATS vs open) and primary diagnosis (primary or metastatic lung cancer vs non-lung cancer). Patients requiring ≥3 units of blood products with at least 1 unit of PRBCs: " significant bleeding " cohort; those requiring <3 units: " non-significant bleeding " cohort; and those not requiring blood products: " no bleeding " cohort. A matched cohort analysis was performed between the " significant bleeding " and the " no bleeding cohort " using matching variables: hospital, lung cancer diagnosis, year of surgery, APR-DRG severity score, procedure type and approach, age, and gender. The " All - patient " cohort comprised 21,429 patients: 213 " significant bleeding "; 2,780 " non-significant bleeding "; and 18,436 " no bleeding ". Overall incidence of significant chest bleeding was 0.99%. Patients from " significant bleeding " cohort and " non-significant bleeding " cohort had 2.5 days and 2 days (p < 0.0001) longer length of stay in the hospital compared to those in the " no bleeding " cohort, respectively. Overall, hospital costs for " significant bleeding " cohort were higher than " no bleeding " cohort for those who were covered under Medicare ($59,871 vs $23,641), were ≥76 years of age ($64,010 vs $24,243), had greater severity of illness ($97,813 vs $51,871) and underwent open segmentectomy ($74,220 vs $21,903). Hospital costs for " significant bleeding " cohort and " non-significant bleeding " were significantly higher ($11,589 and $5,280, respectively, p < 0.0001) than no bleeding cohort. Although significant bleeding during lung resection surgery is rare, patients with such complication could stay longer at the hospital and cost an average of $13,103 more than those without.
27266753	4	12	clinical	T080	C0205210
27266753	17	25	economic	T169	C0013557
27266753	26	32	burden	T078	C2828008
27266753	36	47	significant	T078	C0750502
27266753	48	56	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	57	63	during	T079	C0347984
27266753	64	86	lung resection surgery	T061	C0396565
27266753	90	127	retrospective matched cohort analysis	T062	C2985505
27266753	131	135	real	T080	C0205238
27266753	138	143	world	T098	C2700280
27266753	144	148	data	T078	C1511726
27266753	153	162	objective	T080	C1571702
27266753	171	190	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27266753	198	206	quantify	T081	C1709793
27266753	211	219	clinical	T080	C0205210
27266753	224	232	economic	T169	C0013557
27266753	233	239	burden	T078	C2828008
27266753	243	254	significant	T078	C0750502
27266753	255	263	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	267	289	lung resection surgery	T061	C0396565
27266753	297	299	US	T083	C0041703
27266753	306	311	study	T062	C2603343
27266753	312	320	utilized	T169	C1524063
27266753	331	335	data	T078	C1511726
27266753	345	377	Premier Perspective Database(TM)	T170	C0242356
27266753	379	384	Adult	T100	C0001675
27266753	385	393	patients	T101	C0030705
27266753	399	426	primary pulmonary lobectomy	T061	C0189497
27266753	430	454	segmentectomy procedures	T061	C0189488
27266753	460	471	categorized	T052	C0871968
27266753	479	496	surgical approach	T169	C0449446
27266753	498	502	VATS	T061	C0752151
27266753	506	510	open	T061	C4283938
27266753	516	533	primary diagnosis	T080	C0332137
27266753	535	542	primary	T060	C0920688
27266753	546	568	metastatic lung cancer	T060	C0920688
27266753	572	587	non-lung cancer	T060	C0430022
27266753	590	598	Patients	T101	C0030705
27266753	612	617	units	T081	C0439148
27266753	621	635	blood products	T121	C0456388
27266753	641	649	at least	T080	C1524031
27266753	652	656	unit	T081	C0439148
27266753	660	665	PRBCs	T116,T121	C2316467
27266753	669	680	significant	T078	C0750502
27266753	681	689	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	692	698	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	719	724	units	T081	C0439148
27266753	728	743	non-significant	T033	C1273937
27266753	744	752	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	755	761	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	787	801	blood products	T121	C0456388
27266753	805	807	no	T169	C1518422
27266753	808	816	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	819	825	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	837	852	cohort analysis	T062	C0086027
27266753	857	866	performed	T169	C0884358
27266753	881	892	significant	T078	C0750502
27266753	893	901	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	914	916	no	T169	C1518422
27266753	917	925	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	926	932	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	941	959	matching variables	UnknownType	C0815175
27266753	961	969	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27266753	971	992	lung cancer diagnosis	T060	C0920688
27266753	994	1009	year of surgery	T079	C0439234
27266753	1011	1033	APR-DRG severity score	T081	C0457451
27266753	1035	1049	procedure type	T201	C0944777
27266753	1054	1062	approach	T169	C0449446
27266753	1064	1067	age	T032	C0001779
27266753	1073	1079	gender	T032	C0079399
27266753	1087	1090	All	T081	C0444868
27266753	1093	1100	patient	T101	C0030705
27266753	1103	1109	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	1127	1135	patients	T101	C0030705
27266753	1143	1154	significant	T078	C0750502
27266753	1155	1163	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1175	1190	non-significant	T033	C1273937
27266753	1191	1199	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1216	1218	no	T169	C1518422
27266753	1219	1227	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1231	1238	Overall	T080	C1561607
27266753	1239	1248	incidence	T081	C0021149
27266753	1252	1263	significant	T078	C0750502
27266753	1264	1269	chest	T029	C0817096
27266753	1270	1278	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1290	1298	Patients	T101	C0030705
27266753	1306	1317	significant	T078	C0750502
27266753	1318	1326	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1329	1335	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	1342	1357	non-significant	T033	C1273937
27266753	1358	1366	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1369	1375	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	1384	1388	days	T079	C0439228
27266753	1395	1399	days	T079	C0439228
27266753	1413	1419	longer	T080	C0205166
27266753	1420	1434	length of stay	T079	C0023303
27266753	1442	1450	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27266753	1451	1459	compared	T052	C1707455
27266753	1478	1480	no	T169	C1518422
27266753	1481	1489	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1492	1498	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	1514	1521	Overall	T080	C1561607
27266753	1523	1537	hospital costs	T081	C0206174
27266753	1544	1555	significant	T078	C0750502
27266753	1556	1564	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1567	1573	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	1579	1585	higher	T080	C0205250
27266753	1593	1595	no	T169	C1518422
27266753	1596	1604	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1607	1613	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	1633	1640	covered	T169	C0439844
27266753	1647	1655	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27266753	1687	1699	years of age	T079	C1510829
27266753	1726	1733	greater	T081	C1704243
27266753	1734	1753	severity of illness	T080	C0521117
27266753	1794	1807	segmentectomy	T061	C2987624
27266753	1830	1844	Hospital costs	T081	C0206174
27266753	1851	1862	significant	T078	C0750502
27266753	1863	1871	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1874	1880	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	1887	1902	non-significant	T033	C1273937
27266753	1903	1911	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	1919	1932	significantly	T078	C0750502
27266753	1933	1939	higher	T080	C0205250
27266753	1992	1994	no	T169	C1518422
27266753	1995	2003	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	2004	2010	cohort	T098	C0599755
27266753	2021	2032	significant	T078	C0750502
27266753	2033	2041	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27266753	2042	2048	during	T079	C0347984
27266753	2049	2071	lung resection surgery	T061	C0396565
27266753	2075	2079	rare	T080	C0522498
27266753	2081	2089	patients	T101	C0030705
27266753	2100	2112	complication	T046	C0009566
27266753	2119	2123	stay	T079	C3489408
27266753	2124	2130	longer	T080	C0205166
27266753	2138	2146	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27266753	2151	2155	cost	T081	C0206174

27266840|t|Laceration of a branch of the profunda femoris artery caused by a spike of the displaced lesser trochanter in an inter-trochanteric femoral fracture. A case report
27266840|a|Injury of femoral vessels is an extremely rare complication in intertrochanteric femoral fractures. In most cases reported, the vascular lesion involves the superficial femoral artery, whereas in very few cases does it involve the profunda femoris artery. We report a case of acute bleeding due to laceration of a perforating branch of the profunda femoris artery caused by a sharp fragment of the displaced lesser trochanter in an intertrochanteric femoral fracture; the lesion was treated by transcatheter embolization. The arterial injury may be iatrogenic, occurring during intramedullary internal fixation, or less frequently, the injury may be due to the fracture itself, caused by a sharp bone fragment that damages the profunda femoris artery or one of its perforating branches. We believe that intertrochanteric femoral fractures with avulsed lesser trochanter are at risk for femoral vessel injuries caused by the displaced bone spike, and we advise meticulous clinical and laboratory monitoring pre- and post-operatively to prevent serious complications.
27266840	0	10	Laceration	T037	C0043246
27266840	16	25	branch of	T082	C1253959
27266840	30	53	profunda femoris artery	T023	C0226455
27266840	54	60	caused	T169	C0678227
27266840	66	71	spike	T033	C0243095
27266840	79	88	displaced	T082	C0012727
27266840	89	106	lesser trochanter	T023	C0223866
27266840	113	131	inter-trochanteric	T030	C0229984
27266840	132	148	femoral fracture	T037	C0015802
27266840	152	163	case report	T170	C0007320
27266840	164	170	Injury	T037	C3263722
27266840	174	189	femoral vessels	T023	C1116455
27266840	196	205	extremely	T080	C0205403
27266840	206	210	rare	T080	C0522498
27266840	211	223	complication	T046	C0009566
27266840	227	244	intertrochanteric	T030	C0229984
27266840	245	262	femoral fractures	T037	C0015802
27266840	272	277	cases	T169	C0220856
27266840	278	286	reported	T058	C0700287
27266840	292	307	vascular lesion	T047	C1402315
27266840	308	316	involves	T169	C1314939
27266840	321	347	superficial femoral artery	T023	C0447106
27266840	369	374	cases	T169	C0220856
27266840	383	390	involve	T169	C1314939
27266840	395	418	profunda femoris artery	T023	C0226455
27266840	423	429	report	T170	C0684224
27266840	432	436	case	T169	C0220856
27266840	440	454	acute bleeding	T046	C0333276
27266840	462	472	laceration	T037	C0043246
27266840	478	489	perforating	T033	C0549099
27266840	490	499	branch of	T082	C1253959
27266840	504	527	profunda femoris artery	T023	C0226455
27266840	528	534	caused	T169	C0678227
27266840	540	545	sharp	T033	C1444775
27266840	546	557	fragment of	T169	C0332255
27266840	562	571	displaced	T082	C0012727
27266840	572	589	lesser trochanter	T023	C0223866
27266840	596	613	intertrochanteric	T030	C0229984
27266840	614	630	femoral fracture	T037	C0015802
27266840	636	642	lesion	T033	C0221198
27266840	647	654	treated	T169	C1522326
27266840	658	684	transcatheter embolization	T061	C0203006
27266840	690	705	arterial injury	T037	C0340652
27266840	713	723	iatrogenic	T080	C0439669
27266840	725	734	occurring	T052	C1709305
27266840	742	756	intramedullary	T082	C2732619
27266840	757	774	internal fixation	T061	C0016642
27266840	784	794	frequently	T079	C0332183
27266840	800	806	injury	T037	C3263722
27266840	825	833	fracture	T037	C0016658
27266840	842	848	caused	T169	C0678227
27266840	854	859	sharp	T033	C1444775
27266840	860	873	bone fragment	T037	C3698366
27266840	879	886	damages	T169	C1883709
27266840	891	914	profunda femoris artery	T023	C0226455
27266840	929	940	perforating	T033	C0549099
27266840	941	949	branches	T082	C1253959
27266840	967	984	intertrochanteric	T030	C0229984
27266840	985	1002	femoral fractures	T037	C0015802
27266840	1008	1015	avulsed	T037	C0262386
27266840	1016	1033	lesser trochanter	T023	C0223866
27266840	1038	1045	at risk	T080	C1444641
27266840	1050	1064	femoral vessel	T023	C1116455
27266840	1065	1073	injuries	T037	C3263722
27266840	1074	1080	caused	T169	C0678227
27266840	1088	1097	displaced	T082	C0012727
27266840	1098	1102	bone	T023	C0262950
27266840	1103	1108	spike	T033	C0243095
27266840	1124	1134	meticulous	T080	C0205556
27266840	1135	1143	clinical	T080	C0205210
27266840	1148	1169	laboratory monitoring	T058	C3165364
27266840	1170	1174	pre-	T079	C0445204
27266840	1179	1195	post-operatively	T079	C0032790
27266840	1199	1228	prevent serious complications	T061	C0547286

27266878|t|Catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment of patients affected by 7 rare diseases in China
27266878|a|China is actively promoting regulation of rare diseases, rare disease and orphan drugs have been formally incorporated into the national planning. However, few studies have been done to evaluate the affordability of rare disease patients in China. This study aims to provide policy recommendations for the establishment of social security mechanism for rare diseases in China, so as to address the problem of poverty caused by these diseases. A total of 7 rare diseases were selected by Delphi method. Affordability of treatment for the 7 rare diseases was assessed through annual per capital income, catastrophic expenditure and impoverishment expenditure among urban and rural residents in China. Assessed through annual per capital income, health expenditure for the 7 rare diseases are all rather high. The highest health expenditure is equivalent to income of 69.34 years of one urban resident, and the burden is heavier for rural residents. Through catastrophic expenditure assessment, proportions of the population experiencing catastrophic expenditure caused by the 7 rare diseases are all under 0.167 ‰. However, once one is ill and taking medications, he will suffer from catastrophic health expenditure. Through impoverishment expenditure assessment, the proportions of impoverishment payment are low among both urban and rural residents, but the 7 rare diseases could lead nearly 4.6 million people into poverty on a national scale. The affordability of treatment for rare disease as well as orphan drugs is rather poor. Residents of different income levels all have difficulties to afford the treatment for rare diseases, so poverty caused by rare diseases is quite widespread. Therefore, social security mechanism for rare disease patients should be established and specific payment pattern for orphan drugs should be set up.
27266878	0	24	Catastrophic expenditure	T081	C0015318
27266878	29	43	impoverishment	T081	C0392762
27266878	47	55	patients	T101	C0030705
27266878	70	83	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
27266878	87	92	China	T083	C0008115
27266878	93	98	China	T083	C0008115
27266878	111	120	promoting	T052	C0033414
27266878	135	148	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
27266878	150	162	rare disease	T047	C0678236
27266878	167	179	orphan drugs	T121	C0013232
27266878	221	238	national planning	UnknownType	C0679910
27266878	253	260	studies	T062	C2603343
27266878	292	305	affordability	T081	C0814630
27266878	309	321	rare disease	T047	C0678236
27266878	322	330	patients	T101	C0030705
27266878	334	339	China	T083	C0008115
27266878	368	374	policy	T170	C0242456
27266878	375	390	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27266878	399	412	establishment	T080	C0443211
27266878	416	441	social security mechanism	T170	C0282574
27266878	446	459	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
27266878	463	468	China	T083	C0008115
27266878	502	509	poverty	T102	C0032854
27266878	526	534	diseases	T047	C0012634
27266878	549	562	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
27266878	580	593	Delphi method	T062	C0011216
27266878	595	608	Affordability	T081	C0814630
27266878	612	621	treatment	T061	C0087111
27266878	632	645	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
27266878	650	658	assessed	T052	C1516048
27266878	667	692	annual per capital income	T081	C0021162
27266878	694	718	catastrophic expenditure	T081	C0015318
27266878	723	737	impoverishment	T081	C0392762
27266878	738	749	expenditure	T081	C0015316
27266878	756	761	urban	T098	C1257890
27266878	766	781	rural residents	T098	C1257890
27266878	785	790	China	T083	C0008115
27266878	792	800	Assessed	T052	C1516048
27266878	809	834	annual per capital income	T081	C0021162
27266878	836	854	health expenditure	T081	C0015318
27266878	865	878	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
27266878	912	930	health expenditure	T081	C0015318
27266878	948	954	income	T081	C0021162
27266878	964	969	years	T079	C0439234
27266878	977	991	urban resident	T098	C1257890
27266878	1023	1038	rural residents	T098	C1257890
27266878	1048	1072	catastrophic expenditure	T081	C0015318
27266878	1073	1083	assessment	T052	C1516048
27266878	1085	1096	proportions	T081	C1709707
27266878	1104	1114	population	T098	C1257890
27266878	1128	1152	catastrophic expenditure	T081	C0015318
27266878	1169	1182	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
27266878	1227	1230	ill	T184	C0221423
27266878	1242	1253	medications	T170	C4284232
27266878	1275	1306	catastrophic health expenditure	T081	C0015318
27266878	1316	1330	impoverishment	T081	C0392762
27266878	1331	1342	expenditure	T081	C0015316
27266878	1343	1353	assessment	T052	C1516048
27266878	1359	1370	proportions	T081	C1709707
27266878	1374	1388	impoverishment	T081	C0392762
27266878	1389	1396	payment	T081	C0680264
27266878	1416	1421	urban	T098	C1257890
27266878	1426	1441	rural residents	T098	C1257890
27266878	1453	1466	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
27266878	1497	1503	people	T098	C1257890
27266878	1509	1516	poverty	T102	C0032854
27266878	1542	1555	affordability	T081	C0814630
27266878	1559	1568	treatment	T061	C0087111
27266878	1573	1585	rare disease	T047	C0678236
27266878	1597	1609	orphan drugs	T121	C0013232
27266878	1620	1624	poor	T080	C0542537
27266878	1626	1635	Residents	T098	C2347958
27266878	1649	1662	income levels	T080	C0870689
27266878	1699	1708	treatment	T061	C0087111
27266878	1713	1726	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
27266878	1731	1738	poverty	T102	C0032854
27266878	1749	1762	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
27266878	1772	1782	widespread	T082	C0205391
27266878	1795	1820	social security mechanism	T170	C0282574
27266878	1825	1837	rare disease	T047	C0678236
27266878	1838	1846	patients	T101	C0030705
27266878	1882	1889	payment	T081	C0680264
27266878	1902	1914	orphan drugs	T121	C0013232

27267054|t|Rh(III) - Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation Leading to Substituted Indolizines by Cleavage of C(sp(2))-H/C(sp(3))-H Bonds
27267054|a|Rhodium(III) - catalyzed oxidative annulation reactions of pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate salts with alkynes leading to substituted indolizines by cleavage of C(sp(2))-H/C(sp(3))-H bonds are developed. The starting materials are readily available, and the reactions have a broad substrate scope. This reaction overcomes some drawbacks of the previous indolizine synthetic methods and provides a new efficient route to indolizine derivatives.
27267054	0	7	Rh(III)	T104	C0303636
27267054	10	19	Catalyzed	T070	C0007382
27267054	20	40	Oxidative Annulation	T067	C0596319
27267054	52	75	Substituted Indolizines	T109	C0021243
27267054	79	87	Cleavage	T067	C0596311
27267054	91	118	C(sp(2))-H/C(sp(3))-H Bonds	T070	C0596391
27267054	119	131	Rhodium(III)	T104	C0303636
27267054	134	143	catalyzed	T070	C0007382
27267054	144	174	oxidative annulation reactions	T067	C0596319
27267054	178	220	pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate salts	T109	C0034256
27267054	226	233	alkynes	T109	C0002078
27267054	245	268	substituted indolizines	T109	C0021243
27267054	272	280	cleavage	T067	C0596311
27267054	284	311	C(sp(2))-H/C(sp(3))-H bonds	T070	C0596391
27267054	331	349	starting materials	T167	C3891814
27267054	362	371	available	T169	C0470187
27267054	381	390	reactions	T067	C0596319
27267054	398	403	broad	T082	C0332464
27267054	404	413	substrate	T167	C3891814
27267054	414	419	scope	T077	C1710028
27267054	426	434	reaction	T067	C0596319
27267054	435	444	overcomes	T052	C2983310
27267054	450	459	drawbacks	T169	C0449295
27267054	476	486	indolizine	T109	C0021243
27267054	487	504	synthetic methods	T070	C0007987
27267054	524	533	efficient	T080	C0442799
27267054	534	539	route	T082	C0449444
27267054	543	565	indolizine derivatives	T109	C0021243

27267338|t|Pyomyositis in childhood - systemic lupus erythematosus
27267338|a|Pyomyositis is a pyogenic infection of skeletal muscle that arises from hematogenous spread and usually presents with localized abscess. This muscle infection has been rarely reported in adult-onset systemic lupus erythematous and, to the best of our knowledge, has not been diagnosed in pediatric lupus population. Among our childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous population, including 289 patients, one presented pyomyositis. This patient was diagnosed with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous at the age of 10 years-old. After six years, while being treated with prednisone, azathioprine and hydroxychloroquine, she was hospitalized due to a 30-day history of insidious pain in the left thigh and no apparent trauma or fever were reported. Her physical examination showed muscle tenderness and woody induration. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, increased acute phase reactants and normal muscle enzymes. Computer tomography of the left thigh showed collection on the middle third of the vastus intermedius, suggesting purulent stage of pyomyositis. Treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotic was initiated, leading to a complete clinical resolution. In conclusion, we described the first case of pyomyositis during childhood in pediatric lupus population. This report reinforces that the presence of localized muscle pain in immunocompromised patients, even without elevation of muscle enzymes, should raise the suspicion of pyomyositis. A prompt antibiotic therapy is strongly recommended.
27267338	0	11	Pyomyositis	T047	C1704275
27267338	15	24	childhood	T079	C0231335
27267338	27	55	systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
27267338	56	67	Pyomyositis	T047	C1704275
27267338	73	91	pyogenic infection	T047	C0858906
27267338	95	110	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27267338	128	147	hematogenous spread	T033	C0796572
27267338	174	183	localized	T082	C0392752
27267338	184	191	abscess	T047	C0000833
27267338	198	214	muscle infection	T047	C1400686
27267338	243	254	adult-onset	T033	C1853562
27267338	255	282	systemic lupus erythematous	T047	C0024141
27267338	318	340	has not been diagnosed	T033	C0686906
27267338	344	353	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27267338	354	370	lupus population	T098	C1257890
27267338	382	397	childhood-onset	T033	C1837352
27267338	398	425	systemic lupus erythematous	T047	C0024141
27267338	426	436	population	T098	C1257890
27267338	452	460	patients	T101	C0030705
27267338	476	487	pyomyositis	T047	C1704275
27267338	494	501	patient	T101	C0030705
27267338	506	515	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27267338	521	536	childhood-onset	T033	C1837352
27267338	537	564	systemic lupus erythematous	T047	C0024141
27267338	572	575	age	T032	C0001779
27267338	635	645	prednisone	T109,T121,T125	C0032952
27267338	647	659	azathioprine	T109,T121,T131	C0004482
27267338	664	682	hydroxychloroquine	T109,T121	C0020336
27267338	692	704	hospitalized	T033	C0701159
27267338	732	746	insidious pain	UnknownType	C0747146
27267338	754	764	left thigh	T023	C0230426
27267338	781	787	trauma	T037	C3714660
27267338	791	796	fever	T184	C0015967
27267338	816	836	physical examination	T058	C0031809
27267338	844	861	muscle tenderness	T184	C0240419
27267338	866	882	woody induration	T046	C0332534
27267338	884	900	Laboratory tests	T059	C0022885
27267338	910	916	anemia	T047	C0002871
27267338	928	949	acute phase reactants	T116,T123	C0001347
27267338	954	975	normal muscle enzymes	T033	C1141893
27267338	977	1014	Computer tomography of the left thigh	T029	C4284993
27267338	1040	1052	middle third	T082	C0442050
27267338	1060	1078	vastus intermedius	T023	C0224448
27267338	1091	1099	purulent	T080	C0439665
27267338	1100	1105	stage	T079	C0205390
27267338	1109	1120	pyomyositis	T047	C1704275
27267338	1122	1131	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27267338	1137	1162	broad-spectrum antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27267338	1200	1208	clinical	T080	C0205210
27267338	1209	1219	resolution	T077	C2699488
27267338	1267	1278	pyomyositis	T047	C1704275
27267338	1286	1295	childhood	T079	C0231335
27267338	1299	1308	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27267338	1309	1325	lupus population	T098	C1257890
27267338	1332	1338	report	T170	C0085973
27267338	1371	1392	localized muscle pain	T184	C1504509
27267338	1396	1422	immunocompromised patients	T033	C0085393
27267338	1429	1436	without	T080	C0332288
27267338	1437	1446	elevation	T080	C3163633
27267338	1450	1464	muscle enzymes	T059	C1141895
27267338	1483	1492	suspicion	T041	C0242114
27267338	1496	1507	pyomyositis	T047	C1704275
27267338	1518	1536	antibiotic therapy	T061	C0338237

27267388|t|Quantitative fetal fibronectin and cervical length to predict preterm birth in asymptomatic women with previous cervical surgery
27267388|a|Quantitative fetal fibronectin testing has demonstrated accuracy for prediction of spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic women with a history of preterm birth. Predictive accuracy in women with previous cervical surgery (a potentially different risk mechanism) is not known. We sought to compare the predictive accuracy of cervicovaginal fluid quantitative fetal fibronectin and cervical length testing in asymptomatic women with previous cervical surgery to that in women with 1 previous preterm birth. We conducted a prospective blinded secondary analysis of a larger observational study of cervicovaginal fluid quantitative fetal fibronectin concentration in asymptomatic women measured with a Hologic 10Q system (Hologic, Marlborough, MA). Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (<30, <34, and <37 weeks) with cervicovaginal fluid quantitative fetal fibronectin concentration in primiparous women who had undergone at least 1 invasive cervical procedure (n = 473) was compared with prediction in women who had previous spontaneous preterm birth, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes, or late miscarriage (n = 821). Relationship with cervical length was explored. The rate of spontaneous preterm birth <34 weeks in the cervical surgery group was 3% compared with 9% in previous spontaneous preterm birth group. Receiver operating characteristic curves comparing quantitative fetal fibronectin for prediction at all 3 gestational end points were comparable between the cervical surgery and previous spontaneous preterm birth groups (34 weeks: area under the curve, 0.78 [95% confidence interval 0.64-0.93] vs 0.71 [95% confidence interval 0.64-0.78]; P = .39). Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth using cervical length compared with quantitative fetal fibronectin for prediction of preterm birth <34 weeks of gestation offered similar prediction (area under the curve, 0.88 [95% confidence interval 0.79-0.96] vs 0.77 [95% confidence interval 0.62-0.92], P = .12 in the cervical surgery group; and 0.77 [95% confidence interval 0.70-0.84] vs 0.74 [95% confidence interval 0.67-0.81], P = .32 in the previous spontaneous preterm birth group). Prediction of spontaneous preterm birth using cervicovaginal fluid quantitative fetal fibronectin in asymptomatic women with cervical surgery is valid, and has comparative accuracy to that in women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth.
27267388	0	30	Quantitative fetal fibronectin	T059	C3837520
27267388	35	50	cervical length	T060	C1956055
27267388	54	61	predict	T078	C0681842
27267388	62	75	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
27267388	79	91	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27267388	92	97	women	T098	C0043210
27267388	112	128	cervical surgery	T061	C2044988
27267388	129	167	Quantitative fetal fibronectin testing	T059	C3837520
27267388	172	184	demonstrated	T060	C2729318
27267388	185	193	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27267388	198	208	prediction	T078	C0681842
27267388	212	237	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
27267388	241	253	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27267388	254	259	women	T098	C0043210
27267388	267	274	history	T033	C0262926
27267388	278	291	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
27267388	293	303	Predictive	T080	C0681890
27267388	304	312	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27267388	316	321	women	T098	C0043210
27267388	336	352	cervical surgery	T061	C2044988
27267388	433	443	predictive	T080	C0681890
27267388	444	452	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27267388	456	476	cervicovaginal fluid	T031	C0392908
27267388	477	507	quantitative fetal fibronectin	T059	C3837520
27267388	512	535	cervical length testing	T060	C1956055
27267388	539	551	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27267388	552	557	women	T098	C0043210
27267388	572	588	cervical surgery	T061	C2044988
27267388	600	605	women	T098	C0043210
27267388	622	635	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
27267388	652	663	prospective	T062	C0033522
27267388	664	671	blinded	T062	C0150108
27267388	682	690	analysis	T062	C0936012
27267388	703	722	observational study	T062	C1518527
27267388	726	746	cervicovaginal fluid	T031	C0392908
27267388	747	777	quantitative fetal fibronectin	T059	C3837520
27267388	778	791	concentration	T081	C1446561
27267388	795	807	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27267388	808	813	women	T098	C0043210
27267388	830	848	Hologic 10Q system	T170	C0282574
27267388	850	857	Hologic	T170	C0947322
27267388	859	870	Marlborough	T083	C0017446
27267388	872	874	MA	T083	C0024874
27267388	877	887	Prediction	T078	C0681842
27267388	891	916	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
27267388	936	941	weeks	T079	C0439230
27267388	948	968	cervicovaginal fluid	T031	C0392908
27267388	969	999	quantitative fetal fibronectin	T059	C3837520
27267388	1000	1013	concentration	T081	C1446561
27267388	1017	1028	primiparous	T033	C0033150
27267388	1029	1034	women	T098	C0043210
27267388	1064	1072	invasive	T080	C0205281
27267388	1073	1091	cervical procedure	T060	C0195314
27267388	1120	1130	prediction	T078	C0681842
27267388	1134	1139	women	T098	C0043210
27267388	1157	1182	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
27267388	1184	1221	preterm prelabor rupture of membranes	T046	C0015944
27267388	1226	1242	late miscarriage	T046	C0000786
27267388	1272	1280	cervical	T082	C0205064
27267388	1281	1287	length	T081	C1444754
27267388	1314	1339	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
27267388	1344	1349	weeks	T079	C0439230
27267388	1357	1373	cervical surgery	T061	C2044988
27267388	1374	1379	group	T078	C0441833
27267388	1416	1441	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
27267388	1442	1447	group	T078	C0441833
27267388	1449	1489	Receiver operating characteristic curves	T081	C0035787
27267388	1500	1530	quantitative fetal fibronectin	T059	C3837520
27267388	1535	1545	prediction	T078	C0681842
27267388	1555	1566	gestational	T079	C0439671
27267388	1567	1577	end points	T080	C2349179
27267388	1606	1622	cervical surgery	T061	C2044988
27267388	1636	1661	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
27267388	1662	1668	groups	T078	C0441833
27267388	1673	1678	weeks	T079	C0439230
27267388	1680	1700	area under the curve	T081	C0376690
27267388	1712	1731	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27267388	1756	1775	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27267388	1798	1808	Prediction	T078	C0681842
27267388	1812	1837	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
27267388	1844	1859	cervical length	T060	C1956055
27267388	1874	1904	quantitative fetal fibronectin	T059	C3837520
27267388	1909	1919	prediction	T078	C0681842
27267388	1923	1936	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
27267388	1941	1946	weeks	T079	C0439230
27267388	1950	1959	gestation	T040	C0032961
27267388	1976	1986	prediction	T078	C0681842
27267388	1988	2008	area under the curve	T081	C0376690
27267388	2020	2039	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27267388	2064	2083	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27267388	2111	2127	cervical surgery	T061	C2044988
27267388	2128	2133	group	T078	C0441833
27267388	2149	2168	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27267388	2193	2212	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27267388	2249	2274	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
27267388	2275	2280	group	T078	C0441833
27267388	2283	2293	Prediction	T078	C0681842
27267388	2297	2322	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
27267388	2329	2349	cervicovaginal fluid	T031	C0392908
27267388	2350	2380	quantitative fetal fibronectin	T059	C3837520
27267388	2384	2396	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27267388	2397	2402	women	T098	C0043210
27267388	2408	2424	cervical surgery	T061	C2044988
27267388	2455	2463	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27267388	2475	2480	women	T098	C0043210
27267388	2488	2495	history	T033	C0262926
27267388	2499	2524	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961

27267564|t|Proteome changes in rat serum after a chronic ingestion of enriched uranium: Toward a biological signature of internal contamination and radiological effect
27267564|a|The civilian and military use of uranium results in an increased risk of human exposure. The toxicity of uranium results from both its chemical and radiological properties that vary with isotopic composition. Validated biomarkers of health effects associated with exposure to uranium are neither sensitive nor specific to uranium radiotoxicity and/or radiological effect. This study aimed at investigating if serum proteins could be useful as biomarkers of both uranium exposure and radiological effect. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were chronically exposed through drinking water to low levels (40mg/L, corresponding to 1mg of uranium per animal per day) of either 4% (235) U-enriched uranium (EU) or 12% EU during 6 weeks. A proteomics approach based on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) was used to establish protein expression profiles that could be relevant for discriminating between groups, and to identify some differentially expressed proteins following uranium ingestion. It demonstrated that the expressions of 174 protein spots over 1045 quantified spots were altered after uranium exposure (p<0.05). Using both inferential and non-supervised multivariate statistics, we show sets of spots features that lead to a clear discrimination between controls and EU exposed groups on the one hand (21 spots), and between 4% EU and 12% EU on the other hand (7 spots), showing that investigation of the serum proteome may possibly be of relevance to address both uranium contamination and radiological effect. Finally, using bioinformatics tools, pathway analyses of differentially expressed MS - identified proteins find that acute phase, inflammatory and immune responses as well as oxidative stress are likely involved in the response to contamination, suggesting a physiological perturbation, but that does not necessarily lead to a toxic effect.
27267564	0	8	Proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
27267564	9	16	changes	T169	C0392747
27267564	20	23	rat	T015	C0034721
27267564	24	29	serum	T031	C0229671
27267564	38	55	chronic ingestion	T038	C0232478
27267564	68	75	uranium	T196	C0041928
27267564	86	106	biological signature	T201	C0005516
27267564	110	132	internal contamination	T078	C2349974
27267564	137	156	radiological effect	T080	C1280500
27267564	161	169	civilian	T098	C0680413
27267564	174	182	military	T097	C3245458
27267564	183	189	use of	T169	C1524063
27267564	190	197	uranium	T196	C0041928
27267564	212	221	increased	T081	C0205217
27267564	222	226	risk	T078	C0035647
27267564	230	235	human	T016	C0086418
27267564	236	244	exposure	T080	C0332157
27267564	250	258	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27267564	262	269	uranium	T196	C0041928
27267564	292	300	chemical	T070	C0243178
27267564	305	328	radiological properties	T080	C0871161
27267564	344	352	isotopic	T080	C4038403
27267564	353	364	composition	T201	C0486616
27267564	376	386	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27267564	390	396	health	T078	C0018684
27267564	397	404	effects	T080	C1280500
27267564	405	420	associated with	T080	C0332281
27267564	421	432	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27267564	433	440	uranium	T196	C0041928
27267564	453	462	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27267564	479	486	uranium	T196	C0041928
27267564	487	500	radiotoxicity	T037	C2747839
27267564	508	527	radiological effect	T080	C1280500
27267564	566	580	serum proteins	T116,T123	C0036825
27267564	600	610	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27267564	619	635	uranium exposure	T051	C4316579
27267564	640	659	radiological effect	T080	C1280500
27267564	666	685	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C2699239
27267564	691	710	chronically exposed	T080	C0332157
27267564	719	733	drinking water	T167	C0599638
27267564	737	740	low	T080	C0205251
27267564	741	747	levels	T080	C0441889
27267564	781	788	uranium	T196	C0041928
27267564	793	799	animal	T008	C0003062
27267564	804	807	day	T079	C0439228
27267564	828	846	U-enriched uranium	T196	C0041928
27267564	848	850	EU	T196	C0041928
27267564	859	861	EU	T196	C0041928
27267564	871	876	weeks	T079	C0439230
27267564	880	890	proteomics	T091	C0872252
27267564	891	899	approach	T169	C1292724
27267564	909	940	two-dimensional electrophoresis	UnknownType	C0678632
27267564	942	949	2D-DIGE	T059	C2936240
27267564	955	972	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27267564	974	976	MS	T059	C0037813
27267564	1000	1018	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27267564	1019	1027	profiles	T059	C1979963
27267564	1078	1084	groups	T078	C0441833
27267564	1122	1140	expressed proteins	T045	C1171362
27267564	1151	1158	uranium	T196	C0041928
27267564	1159	1168	ingestion	T038	C0232478
27267564	1195	1206	expressions	T045	C1171362
27267564	1214	1227	protein spots	T116,T123	C0033684
27267564	1238	1248	quantified	T081	C1709793
27267564	1249	1254	spots	T116,T123	C0033684
27267564	1274	1290	uranium exposure	T051	C4316579
27267564	1312	1323	inferential	T081	C2828391
27267564	1328	1366	non-supervised multivariate statistics	T062,T170	C0010101
27267564	1384	1389	spots	T116,T123	C0033684
27267564	1390	1398	features	T080	C2348519
27267564	1443	1451	controls	T096	C0009932
27267564	1456	1473	EU exposed groups	T078	C0441833
27267564	1494	1499	spots	T116,T123	C0033684
27267564	1517	1519	EU	T196	C0041928
27267564	1528	1530	EU	T196	C0041928
27267564	1552	1557	spots	T116,T123	C0033684
27267564	1573	1586	investigation	T169	C1292732
27267564	1594	1599	serum	T031	C0229671
27267564	1600	1608	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
27267564	1628	1637	relevance	T080	C2347946
27267564	1654	1661	uranium	T196	C0041928
27267564	1662	1675	contamination	T078	C2349974
27267564	1680	1699	radiological effect	T080	C1280500
27267564	1738	1754	pathway analyses	T170	C0868995
27267564	1773	1782	expressed	T045	C1171362
27267564	1783	1785	MS	T059	C0037813
27267564	1788	1798	identified	T080	C0205396
27267564	1799	1807	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27267564	1818	1829	acute phase	T079	C0439557
27267564	1831	1843	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27267564	1848	1864	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27267564	1876	1892	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27267564	1932	1945	contamination	T078	C2349974
27267564	1960	1986	physiological perturbation	T169	C0332453
27267564	2028	2040	toxic effect	T037	C0600688

27267962|t|Prediction of extravasation in pelvic fracture using coagulation biomarkers
27267962|a|To evaluate the usefulness of coagulation biomarkers, which are easy and quick to analyze in emergency settings, for prediction of arterial extravasation due to pelvic fracture. The medical records of pelvic fracture patients transferred to the emergency department of Gunma University Hospital between December 2009 and May 2015 were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups, those with (Extra(+)) and without (Extra(-)) arterial extravasation on enhanced CT or angiography. Levels of fibrin degradation products (FDP), D-dimer, fibrinogen, the ratio of FDP to fibrinogen, the ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, the Glasgow Coma Scale, pH, base excess, hemoglobin and lactate levels, the pattern of pelvic injury, and injury severity score were measured at hospital admission, and compared between the two groups. Parameters with a significant difference between the two groups were used to construct receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The study included 29 patients with pelvic fracture. FDP, D-dimer, the ratio of FDP to fibrinogen and the ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen were the most useful parameters for predicting arterial extravasation due to pelvic fracture. FDP, D-dimer, the ratio of FDP to fibrinogen, the ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen, and hemoglobin and lactate levels were significantly higher in the Extra(+) group than in the Extra(-) group (FDP, 354.8μg/mL [median] versus 96.6μg/mL; D-dimer, 122.3μg/mL versus 42.1μg/mL; the ratio of FDP to fibrinogen, 3.39 versus 0.42; the ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen, 1.14 versus 0.18; hemoglobin, 10.5g/dL versus 13.5g/dL; lactate, 3.5mmol/L versus 1.7mmol/L). The area under the ROC curves for FDP, D-dimer, the ratio of FDP to fibrinogen, the ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen, hemoglobin and lactate levels were 0.900, 0.882, 0.918, 0.900, 0.815 and 0.765, respectively. Coagulation biomarkers, and hemoglobin and lactate levels could be useful to predict the existence of arterial extravasation due to pelvic fracture. The ratio of FDP to fibrinogen and the ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen were the most accurate markers. Coagulation biomarkers may enable more rapid and specific treatment for pelvic fracture.
27267962	0	10	Prediction	T078	C0681842
27267962	14	27	extravasation	T046	C0015376
27267962	31	46	pelvic fracture	T037	C0149531
27267962	53	64	coagulation	T039	C1328723
27267962	65	75	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27267962	92	102	usefulness	T080	C3827682
27267962	106	117	coagulation	T039	C1328723
27267962	118	128	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27267962	169	187	emergency settings	T067	C0013956
27267962	193	203	prediction	T078	C0681842
27267962	207	215	arterial	T023	C0003842
27267962	216	229	extravasation	T046	C0015376
27267962	237	252	pelvic fracture	T037	C0149531
27267962	258	273	medical records	T170	C0025102
27267962	277	292	pelvic fracture	T037	C0149531
27267962	293	301	patients	T101	C0030705
27267962	421	429	Patients	T101	C0030705
27267962	448	458	two groups	T078	C0441833
27267962	472	480	Extra(+)	T033	C1446409
27267962	495	503	Extra(-)	T033	C0205160
27267962	505	513	arterial	T023	C0003842
27267962	514	527	extravasation	T046	C0015376
27267962	540	542	CT	T060	C0040405
27267962	546	557	angiography	T060	C0002978
27267962	559	565	Levels	T080	C0441889
27267962	569	596	fibrin degradation products	T059	C0200453
27267962	598	601	FDP	T059	C0200453
27267962	604	611	D-dimer	T059	C0200462
27267962	613	623	fibrinogen	T059	C0337428
27267962	629	655	ratio of FDP to fibrinogen	T059	C1261161
27267962	661	691	ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen	T059	C1261161
27267962	693	716	systolic blood pressure	T201	C0871470
27267962	718	728	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27267962	734	752	Glasgow Coma Scale	T170	C0017594
27267962	754	756	pH	T081	C0020283
27267962	758	769	base excess	T059	C0201985
27267962	771	781	hemoglobin	T059	C0518015
27267962	786	793	lactate	T059	C0202115
27267962	794	800	levels	T080	C0441889
27267962	817	830	pelvic injury	T037	C0149531
27267962	836	857	injury severity score	T170	C0021504
27267962	875	893	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
27267962	920	930	two groups	T078	C0441833
27267962	985	995	two groups	T078	C0441833
27267962	1019	1052	receiver operating characteristic	T081	C0034772
27267962	1053	1065	(ROC) curves	T081	C0035787
27267962	1089	1097	patients	T101	C0030705
27267962	1103	1118	pelvic fracture	T037	C0149531
27267962	1120	1123	FDP	T116,T123	C0163275
27267962	1125	1132	D-dimer	T116,T123	C0060323
27267962	1138	1164	ratio of FDP to fibrinogen	T081	C0456603
27267962	1173	1203	ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen	T081	C0456603
27267962	1240	1250	predicting	T078	C0681842
27267962	1251	1259	arterial	T023	C0003842
27267962	1260	1273	extravasation	T046	C0015376
27267962	1281	1296	pelvic fracture	T037	C0149531
27267962	1298	1301	FDP	T116,T123	C0163275
27267962	1303	1310	D-dimer	T116,T123	C0060323
27267962	1316	1342	ratio of FDP to fibrinogen	T081	C0456603
27267962	1348	1378	ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen	T081	C0456603
27267962	1384	1394	hemoglobin	T034	C0019029
27267962	1399	1413	lactate levels	T034	C1304767
27267962	1419	1439	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27267962	1447	1455	Extra(+)	T033	C1446409
27267962	1474	1482	Extra(-)	T033	C0205160
27267962	1490	1493	FDP	T116,T123	C0163275
27267962	1533	1540	D-dimer	T116,T123	C0060323
27267962	1575	1601	ratio of FDP to fibrinogen	T081	C0456603
27267962	1625	1655	ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen	T081	C0456603
27267962	1675	1685	hemoglobin	T034	C0019029
27267962	1713	1720	lactate	T034	C1304767
27267962	1770	1780	ROC curves	T081	C0035787
27267962	1785	1788	FDP	T116,T123	C0163275
27267962	1790	1797	D-dimer	T116,T123	C0060323
27267962	1803	1829	ratio of FDP to fibrinogen	T081	C0456603
27267962	1835	1865	ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen	T081	C0456603
27267962	1867	1877	hemoglobin	T034	C0019029
27267962	1882	1896	lactate levels	T034	C1304767
27267962	1961	1972	Coagulation	T039	C1328723
27267962	1973	1983	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27267962	1989	1999	hemoglobin	T034	C0019029
27267962	2004	2018	lactate levels	T034	C1304767
27267962	2028	2034	useful	T080	C3827682
27267962	2038	2045	predict	T078	C0681842
27267962	2050	2059	existence	T033	C0150312
27267962	2063	2071	arterial	T023	C0003842
27267962	2072	2085	extravasation	T046	C0015376
27267962	2093	2108	pelvic fracture	T037	C0149531
27267962	2114	2140	ratio of FDP to fibrinogen	T081	C0456603
27267962	2149	2179	ratio of D-dimer to fibrinogen	T081	C0456603
27267962	2194	2210	accurate markers	T074	C2745888
27267962	2212	2223	Coagulation	T039	C1328723
27267962	2224	2234	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27267962	2270	2279	treatment	T169	C1522326
27267962	2284	2299	pelvic fracture	T037	C0149531

27268023|t|Social security status and mortality in Belgian and Spanish male workers
27268023|a|To assess differences in mortality rates between social security statuses in two independent samples of Belgian and Spanish male workers. Study of two retrospective cohorts (Belgium, n=23,607; Spain, n=44,385) of 50-60 year old male employees with 4 years of follow-up. Mortality rate ratios (MRR) were estimated using Poisson regression models. Mortality for subjects with permanent disability was higher than for the employed, for both Belgium [MRR =4.56 (95% CI: 2.88-7.21)] and Spain [MRR =7.15 (95% CI: 5.37-9.51)]. For the unemployed / early retirees, mortality was higher in Spain [MRR =1.64 (95% CI: 1.24-2.17)] than in Belgium [MRR =0.88 (95% CI: 0.46-1.71)]. MRR differences between Belgium and Spain for unemployed workers could be partly explained because of differences between the two social security systems. Future studies should further explore mortality differences between countries with different social security systems.
27268023	0	15	Social security	T064	C0037435
27268023	16	22	status	T080	C0449438
27268023	27	36	mortality	T033	C1306577
27268023	40	47	Belgian	T098	C0337797
27268023	52	59	Spanish	T098	C3161473
27268023	60	64	male	T098	C0025266
27268023	65	72	workers	T098	C1527116
27268023	76	82	assess	T058	C0184514
27268023	83	94	differences	T080	C1705242
27268023	98	113	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
27268023	122	137	social security	T064	C0037435
27268023	138	146	statuses	T080	C0449438
27268023	166	173	samples	T098	C1257890
27268023	177	184	Belgian	T098	C0337797
27268023	189	196	Spanish	T098	C3161473
27268023	197	201	male	T098	C0025266
27268023	202	209	workers	T098	C1527116
27268023	211	245	Study of two retrospective cohorts	T062	C2985505
27268023	247	254	Belgium	T083	C0004950
27268023	266	271	Spain	T083	C0037747
27268023	301	305	male	T098	C0025266
27268023	306	315	employees	T097	C0599987
27268023	323	328	years	T079	C0439234
27268023	332	341	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27268023	343	364	Mortality rate ratios	T081	C0392762
27268023	366	369	MRR	T081	C0392762
27268023	376	385	estimated	T081	C0750572
27268023	392	410	Poisson regression	T170	C0034980
27268023	411	417	models	T170	C3161035
27268023	419	428	Mortality	T033	C1306577
27268023	433	441	subjects	T098	C2349001
27268023	447	456	permanent	T079	C0205355
27268023	457	467	disability	T033	C0231170
27268023	472	478	higher	T080	C0205250
27268023	492	500	employed	T033	C0557351
27268023	511	518	Belgium	T083	C0004950
27268023	520	523	MRR	T081	C0392762
27268023	535	537	CI	T081	C0009667
27268023	555	560	Spain	T083	C0037747
27268023	562	565	MRR	T081	C0392762
27268023	577	579	CI	T081	C0009667
27268023	602	612	unemployed	T033	C0041674
27268023	615	620	early	T079	C1279919
27268023	621	629	retirees	T098	C0815271
27268023	631	640	mortality	T033	C1306577
27268023	645	651	higher	T080	C0205250
27268023	655	660	Spain	T083	C0037747
27268023	662	665	MRR	T081	C0392762
27268023	677	679	CI	T081	C0009667
27268023	701	708	Belgium	T083	C0004950
27268023	710	713	MRR	T081	C0392762
27268023	725	727	CI	T081	C0009667
27268023	742	745	MRR	T081	C0392762
27268023	746	757	differences	T080	C1705242
27268023	766	773	Belgium	T083	C0004950
27268023	778	783	Spain	T083	C0037747
27268023	788	798	unemployed	T033	C0041674
27268023	799	806	workers	T098	C1527116
27268023	844	855	differences	T080	C1705242
27268023	872	895	social security systems	T064	C2371809
27268023	897	903	Future	T079	C0016884
27268023	904	911	studies	T062	C2603343
27268023	935	944	mortality	T033	C1306577
27268023	945	956	differences	T080	C1705242
27268023	965	974	countries	T083	C0454664
27268023	980	989	different	T080	C1705242
27268023	990	1013	social security systems	T064	C2371809

27270311|t|Direct contact with perivascular tumor cells enhances integrin αvβ3 signaling and migration of endothelial cells
27270311|a|The secretion of soluble pro-angiogenic factors by tumor cells and stromal cells in the perivascular niche promotes the aggressive angiogenesis that is typical of glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we show that angiogenesis also can be promoted by a direct interaction between brain tumor cells, including tumor cells with cancer stem -like properties (CSCs), and endothelial cells (ECs). As shown in vitro, this direct interaction is mediated by binding of integrin αvβ3 expressed on ECs to the RGD-peptide in L1CAM expressed on CSCs. It promotes both EC network formation and enhances directed migration toward basic fibroblast growth factor. Activation of αvβ3 and bone marrow tyrosine kinase on chromosome X (BMX) is required for migration stimulated by direct binding but not for migration stimulated by soluble factors. RGD-peptide treatment of mice with established intracerebral GBM xenografts significantly reduced the percentage of Sox2 -positive tumor cells and CSCs in close proximity to ECs, decreased integrin αvβ3 and BMX activation and p130CAS phosphorylation in the ECs, and reduced the vessel surface area. These results reveal a previously unrecognized aspect of the regulation of angiogenesis in GBM that can impact therapeutic anti-angiogenic targeting.
27270311	20	32	perivascular	T023	C0005847
27270311	33	44	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27270311	54	67	integrin αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27270311	68	77	signaling	T044	C1514762
27270311	82	91	migration	T043	C1622501
27270311	95	112	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27270311	117	126	secretion	T043	C1327616
27270311	138	160	pro-angiogenic factors	T123	C0002976
27270311	164	175	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27270311	180	193	stromal cells	T025	C0162597
27270311	201	213	perivascular	T023	C0005847
27270311	233	256	aggressive angiogenesis	T191	C1519670
27270311	276	288	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
27270311	290	293	GBM	T191	C0017636
27270311	315	327	angiogenesis	T191	C1519670
27270311	381	386	brain	T023	C0006104
27270311	387	398	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27270311	410	421	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27270311	427	438	cancer stem	T025	C1956422
27270311	457	461	CSCs	T025	C1956422
27270311	468	485	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27270311	487	490	ECs	T025	C0225336
27270311	502	510	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27270311	551	558	binding	T044	C0597358
27270311	562	575	integrin αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27270311	576	585	expressed	T045	C0597360
27270311	589	592	ECs	T025	C0225336
27270311	600	611	RGD-peptide	T116,T123	C0052350
27270311	615	620	L1CAM	T116,T123	C0950625
27270311	621	630	expressed	T045	C1171362
27270311	634	638	CSCs	T025	C1956422
27270311	657	659	EC	T025	C0225336
27270311	660	677	network formation	T043	C0007613
27270311	700	709	migration	T043	C1622501
27270311	723	747	fibroblast growth factor	T116,T123	C0016026
27270311	749	759	Activation	T052	C1879547
27270311	763	767	αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27270311	772	815	bone marrow tyrosine kinase on chromosome X	T116,T126	C1384557
27270311	817	820	BMX	T116,T126	C1453891
27270311	838	847	migration	T043	C1622501
27270311	869	876	binding	T044	C0597358
27270311	889	898	migration	T043	C1622501
27270311	930	941	RGD-peptide	T116,T123	C0052350
27270311	942	951	treatment	T169	C1522326
27270311	955	959	mice	T015	C0025929
27270311	977	990	intracerebral	T082	C0442111
27270311	991	994	GBM	T191	C0017636
27270311	995	1005	xenografts	T122	C0522537
27270311	1046	1050	Sox2	T116,T123	C0300483
27270311	1061	1072	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27270311	1077	1081	CSCs	T025	C1956422
27270311	1104	1107	ECs	T025	C0225336
27270311	1119	1132	integrin αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27270311	1137	1140	BMX	T116,T126	C1453891
27270311	1156	1163	p130CAS	T116,T123	C1451358
27270311	1164	1179	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27270311	1187	1190	ECs	T025	C0225336
27270311	1208	1214	vessel	T023	C0005847
27270311	1215	1227	surface area	T082	C0205146
27270311	1290	1300	regulation	T038	C1327622
27270311	1304	1316	angiogenesis	T191	C1519670
27270311	1320	1323	GBM	T191	C0017636
27270311	1340	1351	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27270311	1352	1367	anti-angiogenic	T121,T123	C0596087

27270538|t|Evaluation of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Patients with Prostate-specific Antigen <20 ng/ml
27270538|a|The European Society of Urogenital Radiology has built the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) for standardizing the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). This study evaluated the PI-RADS diagnosis method in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) <20 ng/ml. A total of 133 patients with PSA <20 ng/ml were prospectively recruited. T2-weighted (T2WI) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance images of the prostate were acquired before a 12-core transrectal prostate biopsy. Each patient's peripheral zone was divided into six regions on the images; each region corresponded to two of the 12 biopsy cores. T2WI, DWI, and T2WI + DWI scores were computed according to PI-RADS. The diagnostic accuracy of the PI-RADS score was evaluated using histopathology of prostate biopsies as the reference standard. PCa was histologically diagnosed in 169 (21.2%) regions. Increased PI-RADS score correlated positively with increased cancer detection rate. The cancer detection rate for scores 1 to 5 was 2.8%, 15.0%, 34.6%, 52.6%, and 88.9%, respectively, using T2WI and 12.0%, 20.2%, 48.0%, 85.7%, and 93.3%, respectively, using DWI. For T2WI + DWI, the cancer detection rate was 1.5% (score 2), 13.5% (scores 3-4), 41.3% (scores 5-6), 75.9% (scores 7-8), and 92.3% (scores 9-10). The area under the curve for cancer detection was 0.700 (T2WI), 0.735 (DWI) and 0.749 (T2WI + DWI). The sensitivity and specificity were 53.8% and 89.2%, respectively, when using scores 5-6 as the cutoff value for T2WI + DWI. The PI-RADS score correlates with the PCa detection rate in patients with PSA <20 ng/ml. The summed score of T2WI + DWI has the highest accuracy in detection of PCa. However, the sensitivity should be further improved.
27270538	18	60	Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System	T170	C4284879
27270538	65	91	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C0024485
27270538	92	101	Diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27270538	105	120	Prostate Cancer	T191	C0376358
27270538	124	132	Patients	T101	C0030705
27270538	138	163	Prostate-specific Antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27270538	178	218	European Society of Urogenital Radiology	T093	C1708333
27270538	233	275	Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System	T170	C4284879
27270538	277	284	PI-RADS	T170	C4284879
27270538	308	317	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27270538	321	336	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27270538	338	341	PCa	T191	C0376358
27270538	349	354	study	T062	C2603343
27270538	369	376	PI-RADS	T170	C4284879
27270538	377	393	diagnosis method	T060	C0430022
27270538	397	405	patients	T101	C0030705
27270538	411	436	prostate-specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27270538	438	441	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27270538	469	477	patients	T101	C0030705
27270538	483	486	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27270538	527	538	T2-weighted	T060	C0011923
27270538	540	544	T2WI	T060	C0011923
27270538	550	600	diffusion-weighted (DWI) magnetic resonance images	T060	C0598801
27270538	608	616	prostate	T023	C0033572
27270538	640	675	12-core transrectal prostate biopsy	T060	C0401641
27270538	682	691	patient's	T101	C0030705
27270538	692	707	peripheral zone	T029	C0458696
27270538	744	750	images	T170	C1704254
27270538	794	806	biopsy cores	T060	C3846093
27270538	808	812	T2WI	T060	C0011923
27270538	814	817	DWI	T060	C0598801
27270538	823	827	T2WI	T060	C0011923
27270538	830	833	DWI	T060	C0598801
27270538	834	840	scores	T081	C0449820
27270538	868	875	PI-RADS	T170	C4284879
27270538	881	900	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
27270538	908	915	PI-RADS	T170	C4284879
27270538	916	921	score	T081	C0449820
27270538	942	956	histopathology	T091	C0677043
27270538	960	977	prostate biopsies	T060	C0194804
27270538	1005	1008	PCa	T191	C0376358
27270538	1013	1037	histologically diagnosed	UnknownType	C0679557
27270538	1072	1079	PI-RADS	T170	C4284879
27270538	1080	1085	score	T081	C0449820
27270538	1123	1139	cancer detection	T058	C1516193
27270538	1140	1144	rate	T081	C1521828
27270538	1150	1166	cancer detection	T058	C1516193
27270538	1167	1171	rate	T081	C1521828
27270538	1176	1182	scores	T081	C0449820
27270538	1252	1256	T2WI	T060	C0011923
27270538	1320	1323	DWI	T060	C0598801
27270538	1329	1333	T2WI	T060	C0011923
27270538	1336	1339	DWI	T060	C0598801
27270538	1345	1361	cancer detection	T058	C1516193
27270538	1362	1366	rate	T081	C1521828
27270538	1377	1382	score	T081	C0449820
27270538	1394	1400	scores	T081	C0449820
27270538	1414	1420	scores	T081	C0449820
27270538	1434	1440	scores	T081	C0449820
27270538	1458	1464	scores	T081	C0449820
27270538	1501	1517	cancer detection	T058	C1516193
27270538	1529	1533	T2WI	T060	C0011923
27270538	1543	1546	DWI	T060	C0598801
27270538	1559	1563	T2WI	T060	C0011923
27270538	1566	1569	DWI	T060	C0598801
27270538	1651	1657	scores	T081	C0449820
27270538	1686	1690	T2WI	T060	C0011923
27270538	1693	1696	DWI	T060	C0598801
27270538	1702	1709	PI-RADS	T170	C4284879
27270538	1710	1715	score	T081	C0449820
27270538	1736	1749	PCa detection	T061	C0281186
27270538	1750	1754	rate	T081	C1521828
27270538	1758	1766	patients	T101	C0030705
27270538	1772	1775	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27270538	1798	1803	score	T081	C0449820
27270538	1807	1811	T2WI	T060	C0011923
27270538	1814	1817	DWI	T060	C0598801
27270538	1859	1862	PCa	T191	C0376358

27270753|t|The use of Ocimum americanum essential oil against the pathogens Aeromonas hydrophila and Gyrodactylus sp. in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)
27270753|a|The bactericidal activity (MIC-test) of Ocimum americanum (inflorescences) essential oil (OAEO) against Aeromonas hydrophila was determined in this study. It was also investigated the potential of OAEO and the main compound found in the oil (linalool) at subinhibitory concentrations to be inhibitors of hemolysis caused by Aer. hydrophila in fish erythrocytes. An in vivo experiment was conducted to evaluate survival of fish (Rhamdia quelen) experimentally infected with Aer. hydrophila and exposed to OAEO. A second experiment was conducted to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo activity of OAEO (mix from inflorescences and leaves) against the parasite Gyrodactylus sp. The OAEO showed weak in vitro activity against Aer. hydrophila (6400 μg ml(-1)). At subinhibitory concentrations OAEO (100 μg ml(-1)) inhibited hemolysis (90%) caused by Aer. hydrophila in fish erythrocytes, however, linalool did not present hemolysis inhibition activity. At low concentrations (10 and 20 mg l(-1)) added to the water OAEO promoted survival of experimentally infected fish with Aer. hydrophila. Lastly, OAEO -mix (50 mg l(-1)) was effective against Gyrodactylus sp. significantly reducing (60%) the number of parasites in the fish. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
27270753	11	28	Ocimum americanum	T002	C1483717
27270753	29	42	essential oil	T109	C0028910
27270753	55	64	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27270753	65	85	Aeromonas hydrophila	T007	C0085491
27270753	90	106	Gyrodactylus sp.	T204	C1211435
27270753	110	124	silver catfish	T013	C1939719
27270753	126	140	Rhamdia quelen	T013	C1194855
27270753	146	167	bactericidal activity	T034	C1271650
27270753	169	177	MIC-test	T059	C0427978
27270753	182	199	Ocimum americanum	T002	C1483717
27270753	201	215	inflorescences	T002	C2697680
27270753	217	230	essential oil	T109	C0028910
27270753	232	236	OAEO	T109	C0028910
27270753	246	266	Aeromonas hydrophila	T007	C0085491
27270753	339	343	OAEO	T109	C0028910
27270753	357	365	compound	T080	C0205198
27270753	379	382	oil	T109	C0028908
27270753	384	392	linalool	T109,T121	C0064997
27270753	432	442	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27270753	446	455	hemolysis	T046	C0019054
27270753	466	481	Aer. hydrophila	T007	C0085491
27270753	485	489	fish	T013	C1939719
27270753	490	502	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
27270753	507	525	in vivo experiment	T062	C0681829
27270753	552	560	survival	T052	C0038952
27270753	564	568	fish	T013	C0016163
27270753	570	584	Rhamdia quelen	T013	C1194855
27270753	586	600	experimentally	T062	C0681814
27270753	601	609	infected	T033	C0439663
27270753	615	630	Aer. hydrophila	T007	C0085491
27270753	635	642	exposed	T080	C0332157
27270753	646	650	OAEO	T109	C0028910
27270753	661	671	experiment	T062	C0681814
27270753	702	710	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27270753	715	722	in vivo	T062	C0681829
27270753	735	739	OAEO	T109	C0028910
27270753	750	764	inflorescences	T002	C2697680
27270753	769	775	leaves	T002	C0242724
27270753	789	814	parasite Gyrodactylus sp.	T204	C1211435
27270753	819	823	OAEO	T109	C0028910
27270753	831	835	weak	T080	C1762617
27270753	836	844	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27270753	862	877	Aer. hydrophila	T007	C0085491
27270753	928	932	OAEO	T109	C0028910
27270753	949	958	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27270753	959	968	hemolysis	T046	C0019054
27270753	985	1000	Aer. hydrophila	T007	C0085491
27270753	1004	1008	fish	T013	C1939719
27270753	1009	1021	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
27270753	1032	1040	linalool	T109,T121	C0064997
27270753	1045	1056	not present	T169	C0332197
27270753	1057	1066	hemolysis	T046	C0019054
27270753	1067	1086	inhibition activity	T052	C3463820
27270753	1144	1149	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27270753	1150	1154	OAEO	T109	C0028910
27270753	1155	1163	promoted	T052	C0033414
27270753	1164	1172	survival	T052	C0038952
27270753	1191	1199	infected	T033	C0439663
27270753	1200	1204	fish	T013	C1939719
27270753	1210	1225	Aer. hydrophila	T007	C0085491
27270753	1235	1239	OAEO	T109	C0028910
27270753	1263	1272	effective	T080	C1704419
27270753	1281	1297	Gyrodactylus sp.	T204	C1211435
27270753	1298	1320	significantly reducing	T081	C4055638
27270753	1341	1350	parasites	T204	C0030498
27270753	1358	1362	fish	T013	C1939719

27271087|t|Efficacy and safety of asenapine in Asian patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, 6- week, placebo-controlled study
27271087|a|Asenapine is a second generation anti-psychotic approved in the USA in 2009 for the treatment of schizophrenia, but its efficacy has not been proven in Asian patients. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of asenapine in Asian patients experiencing an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. In this prospective, double-blind study, patients in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan were randomized (1:1:1) to asenapine 5 mg twice daily (bid), 10 mg bid or placebo for 6 weeks after a 3- to 7- day washout / screening period. The primary endpoint was the mean change in the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) total score from baseline to day 42/ treatment end. Of the 532 participants randomized, 530 received treatment. The primary endpoint was significantly greater with asenapine 5 and 10 mg bid than with placebo (-12.24 and -14.17 vs. -0.95; p < 0.0001). The results of secondary endpoints including PANSS negative subscale scores and PANSS responders at the end of treatment supported the results of the primary endpoint. There were no significant differences in the incidence of treatment -emergent adverse events reported with asenapine 5 and 10 mg bid and placebo (84.6, 80.7, and 81.6 %). There was a mean (± standard deviation) change in weight of -1.76 ± 2.45 kg for placebo, +0.42 ± 2.65 kg for asenapine 5 mg bid, and +0.81 ± 2.89 kg for asenapine 10 mg bid group. Asenapine was effective and generally well tolerated when used for the treatment of acute exacerbations of schizophrenia in Asian patients.
27271087	0	8	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
27271087	13	19	safety	T080	C0678800
27271087	23	32	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27271087	36	41	Asian	T098	C0078988
27271087	42	50	patients	T101	C0030705
27271087	59	77	acute exacerbation	T033	C0743630
27271087	81	94	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27271087	98	109	multicentre	T062	C0206012
27271087	111	121	randomized	T062,T170	C0206034
27271087	123	135	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27271087	140	144	week	T079	C0439230
27271087	146	170	placebo-controlled study	T062,T170	C0599724
27271087	171	180	Asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27271087	204	218	anti-psychotic	T121	C0040615
27271087	235	238	USA	T083	C0041703
27271087	255	264	treatment	T061	C0087111
27271087	268	281	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27271087	291	299	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27271087	323	328	Asian	T098	C0078988
27271087	329	337	patients	T101	C0030705
27271087	343	353	objectives	T170	C0018017
27271087	362	367	study	T062	C2603343
27271087	388	396	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27271087	401	413	tolerability	T080	C1704410
27271087	417	426	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27271087	430	435	Asian	T098	C0078988
27271087	436	444	patients	T101	C0030705
27271087	461	479	acute exacerbation	T033	C0743630
27271087	483	496	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27271087	519	537	double-blind study	T062	C0013072
27271087	539	547	patients	T101	C0030705
27271087	551	556	Japan	T083	C0022341
27271087	558	563	Korea	T083	C0022771
27271087	569	575	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27271087	581	591	randomized	T062	C0034656
27271087	603	612	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27271087	618	629	twice daily	T079	C0585361
27271087	631	634	bid	T079	C0585361
27271087	643	646	bid	T079	C0585361
27271087	650	657	placebo	T062	C1706408
27271087	664	669	weeks	T079	C0439230
27271087	687	690	day	T079	C0439228
27271087	691	698	washout	T079	C1710661
27271087	701	717	screening period	T079	C1948053
27271087	723	739	primary endpoint	T130	C2986535
27271087	767	803	positive and negative syndrome scale	T170	C0451383
27271087	805	810	PANSS	T170	C0451383
27271087	818	823	score	T081	C0449820
27271087	829	837	baseline	T081	C1442488
27271087	841	844	day	T079	C0439228
27271087	849	858	treatment	T061	C0087111
27271087	875	887	participants	T098	C0679646
27271087	888	898	randomized	T062	C0034656
27271087	913	922	treatment	T061	C0087111
27271087	928	944	primary endpoint	T130	C2986535
27271087	976	985	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27271087	998	1001	bid	T079	C0585361
27271087	1012	1019	placebo	T062	C1706408
27271087	1067	1074	results	T169	C1274040
27271087	1078	1097	secondary endpoints	T080	C2349179
27271087	1108	1113	PANSS	T170	C0451383
27271087	1114	1138	negative subscale scores	T081	C0449820
27271087	1143	1148	PANSS	T170	C0451383
27271087	1174	1183	treatment	T061	C0087111
27271087	1198	1205	results	T169	C1274040
27271087	1213	1229	primary endpoint	T130	C2986535
27271087	1276	1285	incidence	T081	C0021149
27271087	1289	1298	treatment	T061	C0087111
27271087	1289	1308	treatment -emergent	T078	C0750573
27271087	1309	1323	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27271087	1338	1347	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27271087	1360	1363	bid	T079	C0585361
27271087	1368	1375	placebo	T062	C1706408
27271087	1422	1440	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27271087	1482	1489	placebo	T062	C1706408
27271087	1511	1520	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27271087	1526	1529	bid	T079	C0585361
27271087	1555	1564	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27271087	1571	1574	bid	T079	C0585361
27271087	1582	1591	Asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27271087	1596	1605	effective	T080	C1704419
27271087	1625	1634	tolerated	T080	C1704410
27271087	1653	1662	treatment	T061	C0087111
27271087	1666	1685	acute exacerbations	T033	C0743630
27271087	1689	1702	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27271087	1706	1711	Asian	T098	C0078988
27271087	1712	1720	patients	T101	C0030705

27271770|t|Interleukin-1β induced Stress Granules Sequester COX-2 mRNA and Regulates its Stability and Translation in Human OA Chondrocytes
27271770|a|Enhanced and immediate expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA is observed in IL-1β - stimulated OA chondrocytes but the synthesis of protein found significantly delayed. Here we investigated the role of stress granules (SGs), ribonucleoprotein complexes that regulate mRNA translation, in the delayed translation of COX-2 mRNAs in IL-1β - stimulated OA chondrocytes. Stimulation of human chondrocytes with IL-1β activated the stress response genes and the phosphorylation of eIF2α that triggered the assembly of SGs. Using combined immunofluorescence staining of SGs markers and COX-2 protein, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and RNA immunoprecipitation, the COX-2 mRNAs were found sequestered in SGs in IL-1β - stimulated OA chondrocytes. No increase in COX-2 protein expression was observed during the persistence of SGs but enhanced expression of COX-2 protein was noted upon clearance of the SGs. Inhibition of SGs clearance blocked COX-2 mRNA translation whereas blocking the assembly of SGs by TIA-1 depletion resulted in rapid and increased production of COX-2 and PGE2. Our findings show for the first time assembly of SGs and sequestration of COX-2 mRNAs in human OA chondrocytes under pathological conditions. Post-transcriptional regulation of COX-2 mRNAs translation by SGs indicates a role in IL-1β -mediated catabolic response that could be therapeutically targeted in OA.
27271770	0	14	Interleukin-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27271770	23	38	Stress Granules	T026	C1325596
27271770	39	48	Sequester	T169	C0333312
27271770	49	54	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27271770	55	59	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27271770	64	73	Regulates	T038	C1327622
27271770	78	87	Stability	T080	C2350440
27271770	92	103	Translation	UnknownType	C0678935
27271770	107	112	Human	T016	C0086418
27271770	113	115	OA	T047	C0029408
27271770	116	128	Chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27271770	129	137	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
27271770	152	162	expression	T045	C0017262
27271770	166	182	cyclooxygenase-2	T028	C1367485
27271770	184	189	COX-2	T028	C1367485
27271770	191	195	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27271770	211	216	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27271770	219	229	stimulated	T061	C1292856
27271770	230	232	OA	T047	C0029408
27271770	233	245	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27271770	254	274	synthesis of protein	T044	C0597295
27271770	295	302	delayed	T079	C0205421
27271770	337	352	stress granules	T026	C1325596
27271770	354	357	SGs	T026	C1325596
27271770	360	387	ribonucleoprotein complexes	T026	C1167298
27271770	393	401	regulate	T038	C1327622
27271770	402	418	mRNA translation	UnknownType	C0678935
27271770	427	434	delayed	T079	C0205421
27271770	435	446	translation	UnknownType	C0678935
27271770	450	455	COX-2	T028	C1367485
27271770	456	461	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27271770	465	470	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27271770	473	483	stimulated	T061	C1292856
27271770	484	486	OA	T047	C0029408
27271770	487	499	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27271770	501	512	Stimulation	T061	C1292856
27271770	516	521	human	T016	C0086418
27271770	522	534	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27271770	540	545	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27271770	560	575	stress response	T039	C0149784
27271770	576	581	genes	T028	C0017337
27271770	590	605	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27271770	609	614	eIF2α	T116,T123	C0013733
27271770	620	629	triggered	T080	C1444748
27271770	634	649	assembly of SGs	T045	C2247634
27271770	666	693	immunofluorescence staining	T059	C0079603
27271770	697	700	SGs	T026	C1325596
27271770	701	708	markers	T201	C0005516
27271770	713	726	COX-2 protein	T116,T126	C0387583
27271770	728	731	RNA	T114	C0035668
27271770	732	766	fluorescence in situ hybridization	T063	C0162789
27271770	771	774	RNA	T114	C0035668
27271770	775	794	immunoprecipitation	T059	C0021069
27271770	800	805	COX-2	T028	C1367485
27271770	806	811	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27271770	823	834	sequestered	T169	C0333312
27271770	838	841	SGs	T026	C1325596
27271770	845	850	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27271770	853	863	stimulated	T061	C1292856
27271770	864	866	OA	T047	C0029408
27271770	867	879	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27271770	881	883	No	T033	C1513916
27271770	884	892	increase	T169	C0442805
27271770	896	901	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27271770	902	920	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27271770	945	956	persistence	T079	C0439590
27271770	960	963	SGs	T026	C1325596
27271770	968	976	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27271770	977	987	expression	T045	C1171362
27271770	991	1004	COX-2 protein	T116,T126	C0387583
27271770	1020	1029	clearance	T080	C0449297
27271770	1037	1040	SGs	T026	C1325596
27271770	1042	1052	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27271770	1056	1059	SGs	T026	C1325596
27271770	1060	1069	clearance	T080	C0449297
27271770	1070	1077	blocked	T169	C0332206
27271770	1078	1083	COX-2	T028	C1367485
27271770	1084	1088	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27271770	1089	1100	translation	UnknownType	C0678935
27271770	1109	1117	blocking	T169	C0332206
27271770	1122	1137	assembly of SGs	T045	C2247634
27271770	1141	1146	TIA-1	T116,T129	C1429678
27271770	1147	1156	depletion	T169	C0333668
27271770	1179	1188	increased	T081	C0205217
27271770	1189	1199	production	T169	C0005572
27271770	1203	1208	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27271770	1213	1217	PGE2	T109,T121,T125	C0012472
27271770	1256	1271	assembly of SGs	T045	C2247634
27271770	1276	1289	sequestration	T169	C0333312
27271770	1293	1298	COX-2	T028	C1367485
27271770	1299	1304	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27271770	1308	1313	human	T016	C0086418
27271770	1314	1316	OA	T047	C0029408
27271770	1317	1329	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27271770	1336	1359	pathological conditions	T184	C0039058
27271770	1361	1392	Post-transcriptional regulation	T045	C1514248
27271770	1396	1401	COX-2	T028	C1367485
27271770	1402	1419	mRNAs translation	UnknownType	C0678935
27271770	1423	1426	SGs	T026	C1325596
27271770	1447	1452	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27271770	1463	1472	catabolic	T169	C0311402
27271770	1473	1481	response	T032	C0871261
27271770	1496	1511	therapeutically	T061	C0087111
27271770	1524	1526	OA	T047	C0029408

27271775|t|Effect of target animacy on hand preference in Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana)
27271775|a|Twenty-eight captive Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) were involved in the current study. Many individuals showed handedness, with a modest tendency toward left-hand use especially for animate targets, although no group-level handedness was found. There was no significant gender difference in the direction and strength of hand preference for both targets. Females showed a significantly higher overall rate of actions toward animate targets than inanimate targets for both hands, whereas males displayed almost the reversed pattern. There were no significant interactions between lateral hand use and target animacy for either males or females. Most individuals showed rightward or leftward laterality shift trends between inanimate and animate targets. These findings to some extent support the existence of a potential trend concerning a categorical neural distinction between targets demanding functional manipulation (inanimate objects) and those demanding social manipulation (animate objects), even though specialized hand preference based on target animacy has not been fully established in this arboreal Old World monkey species.
27271775	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27271775	10	16	target	T169	C1521840
27271775	28	43	hand preference	T033	C0422881
27271775	47	73	Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys	T015	C1022940
27271775	75	98	Rhinopithecus roxellana	T015	C1022940
27271775	100	112	Twenty-eight	T081	C4283787
27271775	121	147	Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys	T015	C1022940
27271775	149	172	Rhinopithecus roxellana	T015	C1022940
27271775	179	187	involved	T169	C1314939
27271775	203	208	study	T062	C2603343
27271775	234	244	handedness	T032	C0023114
27271775	276	289	left-hand use	T033	C0234418
27271775	305	320	animate targets	T169	C1521840
27271775	346	356	handedness	T032	C0023114
27271775	361	366	found	T033	C0150312
27271775	378	392	no significant	T033	C1273937
27271775	393	410	gender difference	T032	C0036866
27271775	418	427	direction	T082	C0449738
27271775	432	440	strength	T081	C0237897
27271775	444	459	hand preference	T033	C0422881
27271775	464	468	both	T080	C1706086
27271775	469	476	targets	T169	C1521840
27271775	478	485	Females	T032	C0086287
27271775	495	508	significantly	T078	C0750502
27271775	509	515	higher	T080	C0205250
27271775	516	523	overall	T080	C1561607
27271775	524	528	rate	T081	C1521828
27271775	532	539	actions	T052	C3266814
27271775	540	546	toward	T169	C1280477
27271775	547	562	animate targets	T169	C1521840
27271775	568	585	inanimate targets	T169	C1521840
27271775	590	594	both	T080	C1706086
27271775	595	600	hands	T023	C0018563
27271775	610	615	males	T032	C0086582
27271775	616	625	displayed	T169	C0870432
27271775	626	632	almost	T080	C3828842
27271775	637	645	reversed	T169	C1555029
27271775	666	680	no significant	T033	C1273937
27271775	681	693	interactions	T169	C1704675
27271775	702	709	lateral	T082	C0205093
27271775	710	718	hand use	T040	C0562230
27271775	723	729	target	T169	C1521840
27271775	742	748	either	T033	C3844638
27271775	749	754	males	T032	C0086582
27271775	758	765	females	T032	C0086287
27271775	824	829	shift	T169	C0333051
27271775	830	836	trends	T079	C1521798
27271775	859	874	animate targets	T169	C1521840
27271775	882	890	findings	T033	C0243095
27271775	891	905	to some extent	T080	C1555600
27271775	906	913	support	T077	C1521721
27271775	918	927	existence	T077	C2987476
27271775	933	942	potential	T080	C3245505
27271775	943	948	trend	T079	C1521798
27271775	974	980	neural	T169	C3714606
27271775	981	992	distinction	T080	C1705242
27271775	1001	1008	targets	T169	C1521840
27271775	1019	1029	functional	T169	C0205245
27271775	1030	1042	manipulation	T033	C1832073
27271775	1044	1061	inanimate objects	T072	C0347997
27271775	1083	1089	social	T169	C0728831
27271775	1090	1102	manipulation	T033	C1832073
27271775	1104	1119	animate objects	T072	C0347997
27271775	1134	1145	specialized	T077	C1704211
27271775	1146	1161	hand preference	T033	C0422881
27271775	1171	1185	target animacy	T169	C1521840
27271775	1205	1216	established	T080	C0443211
27271775	1225	1258	arboreal Old World monkey species	T015	C1022940

27271951|t|Association of Autoimmune Encephalitis With Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment for Metastatic Cancer
27271951|a|Paraneoplastic encephalitides usually precede a diagnosis of cancer and are often refractory to immunosuppressive therapy. Conversely, autoimmune encephalitides are reversible conditions that can occur in the presence or absence of cancer. To report the induction of autoimmune encephalitis in 2 patients after treatment of metastatic cancer with a combination of the immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab and ipilimumab. A retrospective case study was conducted of the clinical and management course of 2 patients with progressive, treatment - refractory metastatic cancer who were treated with a single dose each (concomitantly) of the immune checkpoint inhibitors nivolumab, 1 mg/kg, and ipilimumab, 3 mg/kg. Nivolumab and ipilimumab. The clinical response to immunosuppressive therapy in suspected autoimmune encephalitis in the setting of immune checkpoint inhibitor use. Autoantibody testing confirmed identification of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of 1 patient. Withdrawal of immune checkpoint inhibitors and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, consisting of intravenous methylprednisolone sodium succinate equivalent to 1000 mg of methylprednisolone for 5 days, 0.4 mg/kg/d of intravenous immunoglobulin for 5 days, and 2 doses of rituximab, 1000 mg, in 1 patient and oral prednisone, 60 mg/d, in the other patient, resulted in improved neurologic symptoms. Immune checkpoint inhibition may favor the development of immune responses against neuronal antigens, leading to autoimmune encephalitis. Early recognition and treatment of autoimmune encephalitis in patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade therapy will likely be essential for maximizing clinical recovery and minimizing the effect of drug-related toxic effects. The mechanisms by which immune checkpoint inhibition may contribute to autoimmune encephalitis require further study.
27271951	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27271951	15	38	Autoimmune Encephalitis	T047	C0393639
27271951	53	80	Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor	T121	C1254351
27271951	81	90	Treatment	T169	C0039798
27271951	95	112	Metastatic Cancer	T191	C0027627
27271951	113	142	Paraneoplastic encephalitides	T047	C0338430
27271951	161	180	diagnosis of cancer	T060	C0920688
27271951	195	205	refractory	T169	C0205269
27271951	209	234	immunosuppressive therapy	T061	C0021079
27271951	248	273	autoimmune encephalitides	T047	C0393639
27271951	278	288	reversible	T169	C0205343
27271951	289	299	conditions	T080	C0348080
27271951	309	314	occur	T052	C1709305
27271951	322	330	presence	T033	C0150312
27271951	334	341	absence	T169	C0332197
27271951	345	351	cancer	T191	C0006826
27271951	367	376	induction	T169	C0205263
27271951	380	403	autoimmune encephalitis	T047	C0393639
27271951	409	417	patients	T101	C0030705
27271951	424	433	treatment	T169	C0039798
27271951	437	454	metastatic cancer	T191	C0027627
27271951	462	473	combination	T080	C0205195
27271951	481	509	immune checkpoint inhibitors	T121	C1254351
27271951	510	519	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27271951	524	534	ipilimumab	T116,T121,T129	C1367202
27271951	538	562	retrospective case study	T062	C0035363
27271951	584	607	clinical and management	T058	C1516615
27271951	608	614	course	T079	C0750729
27271951	620	628	patients	T101	C0030705
27271951	634	645	progressive	T169	C0205329
27271951	647	656	treatment	T169	C0039798
27271951	659	687	refractory metastatic cancer	T191	C0677936
27271951	697	709	treated with	T061	C0332293
27271951	712	723	single dose	T081	C0869039
27271951	730	743	concomitantly	T079	C0521115
27271951	752	780	immune checkpoint inhibitors	T121	C1254351
27271951	781	790	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27271951	805	815	ipilimumab	T116,T121,T129	C1367202
27271951	826	835	Nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27271951	840	850	ipilimumab	T116,T121,T129	C1367202
27271951	856	873	clinical response	T033	C4055223
27271951	877	902	immunosuppressive therapy	T061	C0021079
27271951	906	915	suspected	T080	C0332147
27271951	916	939	autoimmune encephalitis	T047	C0393639
27271951	958	985	immune checkpoint inhibitor	T121	C1254351
27271951	991	1011	Autoantibody testing	T059	C1272321
27271951	1012	1021	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27271951	1022	1036	identification	T080	C0205396
27271951	1040	1085	anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antibodies	T116,T129	C3203613
27271951	1093	1112	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
27271951	1118	1125	patient	T101	C0030705
27271951	1127	1137	Withdrawal	T052	C2349954
27271951	1141	1169	immune checkpoint inhibitors	T121	C1254351
27271951	1174	1184	initiation	T169	C1704686
27271951	1188	1213	immunosuppressive therapy	T061	C0021079
27271951	1229	1240	intravenous	T169	C0013153
27271951	1241	1320	methylprednisolone sodium succinate equivalent to 1000 mg of methylprednisolone	T200	C4083084
27271951	1327	1331	days	T079	C0439228
27271951	1348	1374	intravenous immunoglobulin	T116,T121,T129	C0085297
27271951	1381	1385	days	T079	C0439228
27271951	1393	1398	doses	T081	C0178602
27271951	1402	1411	rituximab	T116,T121,T129	C0393022
27271951	1427	1434	patient	T101	C0030705
27271951	1439	1454	oral prednisone	T200	C0305834
27271951	1478	1485	patient	T101	C0030705
27271951	1499	1507	improved	T033	C0184511
27271951	1508	1527	neurologic symptoms	T184	C0235031
27271951	1529	1557	Immune checkpoint inhibition	T040	C2255931
27271951	1572	1583	development	T169	C1527148
27271951	1587	1603	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27271951	1612	1629	neuronal antigens	T129	C0521390
27271951	1642	1665	autoimmune encephalitis	T047	C0393639
27271951	1667	1684	Early recognition	T061	C0814435
27271951	1689	1698	treatment	T169	C0039798
27271951	1702	1725	autoimmune encephalitis	T047	C0393639
27271951	1729	1737	patients	T101	C0030705
27271951	1748	1782	immune checkpoint blockade therapy	T061	C0021079
27271951	1798	1807	essential	T080	C0205224
27271951	1823	1831	clinical	T080	C0205210
27271951	1832	1840	recovery	T052	C0237820
27271951	1870	1896	drug-related toxic effects	T033	C1408407
27271951	1922	1950	immune checkpoint inhibition	T040	C2255931
27271951	1969	1992	autoimmune encephalitis	T047	C0393639

27271969|t|Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in a Brazilian Tropical Dry Forest
27271969|a|Bark and the ambrosia beetles dig into host plants and live most of their lives in concealed tunnels. We assessed beetle community dynamics in tropical dry forest sites in early, intermediate, and late successional stages, evaluating the influence of resource availability and seasonal variations in guild structure. We collected a total of 763 beetles from 23 species, including 14 bark beetle species, and 9 ambrosia beetle species. Local richness of bark and ambrosia beetles was estimated at 31 species. Bark and ambrosia composition was similar over the successional stages gradient, and beta diversity among sites was primarily determined by species turnover, mainly in the bark beetle community. Bark beetle richness and abundance were higher at intermediate stages; availability of wood was the main spatial mechanism. Climate factors were effectively non-seasonal. Ambrosia beetles were not influenced by successional stages, however the increase in wood resulted in increased abundance. We found higher richness at the end of the dry and wet seasons, and abundance increased with air moisture and decreased with higher temperatures and greater rainfall. In summary, bark beetle species accumulation was higher at sites with better wood production, while the needs of fungi (host and air moisture), resulted in a favorable conditions for species accumulation of ambrosia. The overall biological pattern among guilds differed from tropical rain forests, showing patterns similar to dry forest areas.
27271969	0	28	Spatio-Temporal Distribution	T169	C1704711
27271969	32	36	Bark	T002	C0949119
27271969	41	49	Ambrosia	T002	C0331432
27271969	50	57	Beetles	T204	C0009276
27271969	63	72	Brazilian	T083	C0006137
27271969	73	92	Tropical Dry Forest	T070	C0086312
27271969	93	97	Bark	T002	C0949119
27271969	106	114	ambrosia	T002	C0331432
27271969	115	122	beetles	T204	C0009276
27271969	132	143	host plants	UnknownType	C0868970
27271969	186	193	tunnels	T082	C1116506
27271969	198	206	assessed	T052	C1516048
27271969	207	213	beetle	T204	C0009276
27271969	214	223	community	T096	C0009462
27271969	224	232	dynamics	T102	C0237587
27271969	236	255	tropical dry forest	T070	C0086312
27271969	256	261	sites	T082	C0205145
27271969	265	270	early	T079	C1279919
27271969	272	284	intermediate	T079	C1254367
27271969	290	294	late	T079	C0205087
27271969	295	314	successional stages	T079	C1306673
27271969	344	352	resource	T078	C0035201
27271969	353	365	availability	T169	C0470187
27271969	370	389	seasonal variations	T079	C0036496
27271969	393	408	guild structure	T080	C0205556
27271969	413	422	collected	T078	C1516695
27271969	438	445	beetles	T204	C0009276
27271969	454	461	species	T185	C1705920
27271969	476	480	bark	T002	C0949119
27271969	481	487	beetle	T204	C0009276
27271969	488	495	species	T185	C1705920
27271969	503	511	ambrosia	T002	C0331432
27271969	512	518	beetle	T204	C0009276
27271969	519	526	species	T185	C1705920
27271969	528	533	Local	T082	C0205276
27271969	534	542	richness	T080	C0205556
27271969	546	550	bark	T002	C0949119
27271969	555	563	ambrosia	T002	C0331432
27271969	564	571	beetles	T204	C0009276
27271969	592	599	species	T185	C1705920
27271969	601	605	Bark	T002	C0949119
27271969	610	618	ambrosia	T002	C0331432
27271969	619	630	composition	T078	C1254370
27271969	652	671	successional stages	T079	C1306673
27271969	672	680	gradient	T081	C0812409
27271969	686	700	beta diversity	T080	C1880371
27271969	707	712	sites	T082	C0205145
27271969	741	748	species	T185	C1705920
27271969	773	777	bark	T002	C0949119
27271969	778	784	beetle	T204	C0009276
27271969	785	794	community	T096	C0009462
27271969	796	800	Bark	T002	C0949119
27271969	801	807	beetle	T204	C0009276
27271969	808	816	richness	T080	C0205556
27271969	821	830	abundance	T080	C2346714
27271969	846	865	intermediate stages	T079	C1306673
27271969	867	882	availability of	T169	C0470187
27271969	883	887	wood	T167	C0043217
27271969	901	918	spatial mechanism	T169	C0441712
27271969	920	927	Climate	T070	C0008946
27271969	928	935	factors	T169	C1521761
27271969	953	965	non-seasonal	T080	C0205556
27271969	967	975	Ambrosia	T002	C0331432
27271969	976	983	beetles	T204	C0009276
27271969	1007	1026	successional stages	T079	C1306673
27271969	1040	1048	increase	T169	C0442805
27271969	1052	1056	wood	T167	C0043217
27271969	1069	1078	increased	T081	C0205217
27271969	1079	1088	abundance	T080	C2346714
27271969	1106	1114	richness	T080	C0205556
27271969	1133	1136	dry	T079	C0036497
27271969	1141	1152	wet seasons	T079	C0036497
27271969	1158	1167	abundance	T080	C2346714
27271969	1168	1177	increased	T081	C0205217
27271969	1183	1186	air	T167	C0001861
27271969	1187	1195	moisture	T167	C0868994
27271969	1222	1234	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27271969	1247	1255	rainfall	T070	C0034640
27271969	1269	1273	bark	T002	C0949119
27271969	1274	1280	beetle	T204	C0009276
27271969	1281	1288	species	T185	C1705920
27271969	1289	1301	accumulation	T169	C0205245
27271969	1316	1321	sites	T082	C0205145
27271969	1334	1338	wood	T167	C0043217
27271969	1339	1349	production	T052	C0441655
27271969	1370	1375	fungi	T004	C0016832
27271969	1377	1381	host	UnknownType	C0868970
27271969	1386	1389	air	T167	C0001861
27271969	1390	1398	moisture	T167	C0868994
27271969	1425	1435	conditions	T080	C0348080
27271969	1440	1447	species	T185	C1705920
27271969	1448	1460	accumulation	T169	C0205245
27271969	1464	1472	ambrosia	T002	C0331432
27271969	1486	1496	biological	T080	C0205460
27271969	1497	1504	pattern	T080	C0205556
27271969	1532	1553	tropical rain forests	T070	C0086312
27271969	1583	1599	dry forest areas	T070	C0086312

27272523|t|Intron Derived Size Polymorphism in the Mitochondrial Genomes of Closely Related Chrysoporthe Species
27272523|a|In this study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Chrysoporthe austroafricana (190,834 bp), C. cubensis (89,084 bp) and C. deuterocubensis (124,412 bp) were determined. Additionally, the mitochondrial genome of another member of the Cryphonectriaceae, namely Cryphonectria parasitica (158,902 bp), was retrieved and annotated for comparative purposes. These genomes showed high levels of synteny, especially in regions including genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and electron transfer, unique open reading frames (uORFs), ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs), as well as intron positions. Comparative analyses revealed signatures of duplication events, intron number and length variation, and varying intronic ORFs which highlighted the genetic diversity of mt genomes among the Cryphonectriaceae. These mt genomes showed remarkable size polymorphism. The size polymorphism in the mt genomes of these closely related Chrysoporthe species was attributed to the varying number and length of introns, coding sequences and to a lesser extent, intergenic sequences. Compared to publicly available fungal mt genomes, the C. austroafricana mt genome is the second largest in the Ascomycetes thus far.
27272523	0	6	Intron	T114,T123	C0021920
27272523	7	14	Derived	T080	C1441547
27272523	15	19	Size	T082	C0456389
27272523	20	32	Polymorphism	T045	C0032529
27272523	40	61	Mitochondrial Genomes	T028	C1819716
27272523	65	80	Closely Related	T080	C0439849
27272523	81	101	Chrysoporthe Species	T004	C1633289
27272523	121	129	complete	T080	C0205197
27272523	130	156	mitochondrial (mt) genomes	T028	C1819716
27272523	160	187	Chrysoporthe austroafricana	T004	C1907678
27272523	202	213	C. cubensis	T004	C1641019
27272523	230	248	C. deuterocubensis	T004	C3717325
27272523	267	277	determined	T080	C0521095
27272523	297	317	mitochondrial genome	T028	C1819716
27272523	343	360	Cryphonectriaceae	T004	C1947056
27272523	369	393	Cryphonectria parasitica	T004	C0997457
27272523	412	421	retrieved	T080	C0205556
27272523	426	435	annotated	T080	C1552720
27272523	440	460	comparative purposes	T062	C0683941
27272523	468	475	genomes	T028	C0017428
27272523	498	505	synteny	T044	C0314656
27272523	521	528	regions	T082	C1254362
27272523	529	538	including	T169	C0332257
27272523	539	544	genes	T028	C0017337
27272523	545	556	involved in	T169	C1314939
27272523	557	582	oxidative phosphorylation	T044	C0030013
27272523	587	604	electron transfer	T044	C0013846
27272523	606	632	unique open reading frames	T028	C0079941
27272523	633	640	(uORFs)	T028	C0079941
27272523	642	656	ribosomal RNAs	T114,T123	C0035701
27272523	657	664	(rRNAs)	T114,T123	C0035701
27272523	669	682	transfer RNAs	T114,T123	C0035711
27272523	683	690	(tRNAs)	T114,T123	C0035711
27272523	703	709	intron	T114,T123	C0021920
27272523	710	719	positions	T082	C0733755
27272523	721	741	Comparative analyses	T062	C0683941
27272523	742	750	revealed	T080	C0443289
27272523	751	761	signatures	T169	C1708225
27272523	765	776	duplication	T045	C0017261
27272523	777	783	events	T051	C0441471
27272523	785	791	intron	T114,T123	C0021920
27272523	792	819	number and length variation	T070	C0042333
27272523	825	832	varying	T070	C0042333
27272523	833	841	intronic	T114,T123	C0021920
27272523	842	846	ORFs	T028	C0079941
27272523	869	886	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27272523	890	900	mt genomes	T028	C1819716
27272523	911	928	Cryphonectriaceae	T004	C1947056
27272523	936	946	mt genomes	T028	C1819716
27272523	965	969	size	T082	C0456389
27272523	970	982	polymorphism	T045	C0032529
27272523	988	992	size	T082	C0456389
27272523	993	1005	polymorphism	T045	C0032529
27272523	1013	1023	mt genomes	T028	C1819716
27272523	1033	1048	closely related	T080	C0439849
27272523	1049	1069	Chrysoporthe species	T004	C1633289
27272523	1092	1117	varying number and length	T070	C0042333
27272523	1121	1128	introns	T114,T123	C0021920
27272523	1130	1146	coding sequences	T028	C0079941
27272523	1156	1162	lesser	T080	C0547044
27272523	1163	1169	extent	T082	C0439792
27272523	1171	1191	intergenic sequences	T114,T123	C0887857
27272523	1193	1201	Compared	T052	C1707455
27272523	1224	1230	fungal	T169	C0521033
27272523	1231	1241	mt genomes	T028	C1819716
27272523	1247	1264	C. austroafricana	T004	C1907678
27272523	1265	1274	mt genome	T028	C1819716
27272523	1289	1296	largest	T081	C0443228
27272523	1304	1315	Ascomycetes	T004	C1960228

27272784|t|Detection and Characterization of Flat Aberrant Crypt Foci (Flat ACF) in the Novel A/J Min/+ Mouse
27272784|a|Flat aberrant crypt foci (flat ACF) and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) have previously been described as preneoplastic colonic lesions. We used the novel A/J Min/+ mouse model, that demonstrates extensive spontaneous colon carcinogenesis to refine the method of detection of flat ACF and further characterize and define them as early lesions by histological examination and comparison with MDF. Colons were stained with methylene blue (MB) for flat ACF detection and restained with high-iron diamine-alcian blue (HID-AB) for MDF detection. Optimal flat ACF recognition required at least 24 h of storage post- MB staining and adherence to a set of characteristics. The fraction of flat ACF corresponding with MDF was 93%. Flat ACF / MDF displayed the same picture of severe dysplasia, lack of mucus and goblet cells and accumulation of cytoplasmic β-catenin. The easily detectable flat ACF are reliable surface biomarkers of Apc -driven colon carcinogenesis.
27272784	0	9	Detection	T061	C1511790
27272784	34	69	Flat Aberrant Crypt Foci (Flat ACF)	T047	C1510713
27272784	83	98	A/J Min/+ Mouse	T050	C2986594
27272784	99	123	Flat aberrant crypt foci	T047	C1510713
27272784	125	133	flat ACF	T047	C1510713
27272784	139	158	mucin-depleted foci	T047	C3828884
27272784	160	163	MDF	T047	C3828884
27272784	199	228	preneoplastic colonic lesions	T047	C1514395
27272784	248	269	A/J Min/+ mouse model	T050	C2986594
27272784	311	331	colon carcinogenesis	T191	C0699790
27272784	356	365	detection	T061	C1511790
27272784	369	377	flat ACF	T047	C1510713
27272784	428	435	lesions	T033	C0221198
27272784	439	463	histological examination	T059	C0019637
27272784	484	487	MDF	T047	C3828884
27272784	489	495	Colons	T023	C0009368
27272784	501	528	stained with methylene blue	T059	C1319310
27272784	530	532	MB	T109,T121,T130	C0025746
27272784	538	546	flat ACF	T047	C1510713
27272784	547	556	detection	T061	C1511790
27272784	561	570	restained	T059	C0487602
27272784	576	605	high-iron diamine-alcian blue	T109	C0062712
27272784	607	613	HID-AB	T109	C0062712
27272784	619	622	MDF	T047	C3828884
27272784	623	632	detection	T061	C1511790
27272784	642	650	flat ACF	T047	C1510713
27272784	703	714	MB staining	T059	C1319310
27272784	762	773	fraction of	T081	C1264633
27272784	774	782	flat ACF	T047	C1510713
27272784	802	805	MDF	T047	C3828884
27272784	815	823	Flat ACF	T047	C1510713
27272784	826	829	MDF	T047	C3828884
27272784	860	876	severe dysplasia	T049	C0334048
27272784	878	885	lack of	T080	C0332268
27272784	886	891	mucus	T025	C1513729
27272784	896	908	goblet cells	T025	C0014597
27272784	913	925	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27272784	929	940	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27272784	941	950	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
27272784	974	982	flat ACF	T047	C1510713
27272784	996	1003	surface	T026	C0699040
27272784	1004	1014	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27272784	1018	1021	Apc	T028	C0162832
27272784	1030	1050	colon carcinogenesis	T191	C0699790

27273075|t|The flavivirus dengue induces hypertrophy of white matter astrocytes
27273075|a|Flaviviruses, including Zika and dengue (DENV), pose a serious global threat to human health. Of the 50+ million humans infected with DENV annually, approximately 1-3 % progress to severe disease manifestations, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Several factors are suspected to mediate the course of infection and pathogenesis of DENV infection. DHF and DSS are associated with vascular leakage and neurological sequelae. Our hypothesis was that altered astrocyte activation and morphology would alter the dynamics of the extracellular space and hence, neuronal and vascular function. We investigated the mechanisms of neuropathogenesis DENV infection in rhesus macaques. There were decreased numbers of GFAP immunopositive astrocytes per unit area, although those that remained had increased arbor length and complexity. This was combined with structural hypertrophy of white matter astrocytes in the absence of increased vascular leakage. Combined, these studies show how even low-grade infection with DENV induces measurable changes within the parenchyma of infected individuals.
27273075	4	14	flavivirus	T005	C0016215
27273075	15	21	dengue	T005	C0011315
27273075	30	41	hypertrophy	T046	C0020564
27273075	45	57	white matter	T024	C0682708
27273075	58	68	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27273075	69	81	Flaviviruses	T005	C0016215
27273075	93	97	Zika	T005	C0318793
27273075	102	108	dengue	T005	C0011315
27273075	110	114	DENV	T005	C0011315
27273075	124	131	serious	T080	C0205404
27273075	132	138	global	T080	C2348867
27273075	139	145	threat	T078	C0749385
27273075	149	154	human	T016	C0086418
27273075	155	161	health	T078	C0018684
27273075	182	188	humans	T016	C0086418
27273075	189	197	infected	T033	C0439663
27273075	203	207	DENV	T005	C0011315
27273075	250	279	severe disease manifestations	T070	C1373233
27273075	281	305	dengue hemorrhagic fever	T047	C0019100
27273075	307	310	DHF	T047	C0019100
27273075	315	336	dengue shock syndrome	T047	C0376300
27273075	338	341	DSS	T047	C0376300
27273075	399	408	infection	T033	C0439663
27273075	413	425	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27273075	429	433	DENV	T005	C0011315
27273075	434	443	infection	T033	C0439663
27273075	445	448	DHF	T047	C0019100
27273075	453	456	DSS	T047	C0376300
27273075	461	476	associated with	T080	C0332281
27273075	477	493	vascular leakage	T046	C1400957
27273075	498	519	neurological sequelae	T046	C1285433
27273075	525	535	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27273075	545	552	altered	T169	C0392747
27273075	553	573	astrocyte activation	T043	C1326121
27273075	578	588	morphology	T080	C0332437
27273075	595	600	alter	T169	C0392747
27273075	605	613	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27273075	621	640	extracellular space	T030	C0015352
27273075	652	660	neuronal	T039	C1254359
27273075	665	682	vascular function	T201	C0232337
27273075	718	735	neuropathogenesis	T047	C1518296
27273075	736	740	DENV	T005	C0011315
27273075	741	750	infection	T033	C0439663
27273075	754	769	rhesus macaques	T015	C0024400
27273075	782	799	decreased numbers	T033	C0243095
27273075	803	807	GFAP	T116,T129	C0486835
27273075	808	833	immunopositive astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27273075	882	891	increased	T081	C0205217
27273075	892	897	arbor	T082	C1254362
27273075	898	904	length	T081	C1444754
27273075	909	919	complexity	T033	C0243095
27273075	930	938	combined	T080	C0205195
27273075	944	954	structural	T082	C0678594
27273075	955	966	hypertrophy	T046	C0020564
27273075	970	982	white matter	T024	C0682708
27273075	983	993	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27273075	1001	1008	absence	T169	C0332197
27273075	1012	1021	increased	T081	C0205217
27273075	1022	1038	vascular leakage	T046	C1400957
27273075	1040	1048	Combined	T080	C0205195
27273075	1078	1087	low-grade	T080	C1282907
27273075	1088	1097	infection	T033	C0439663
27273075	1103	1107	DENV	T005	C0011315
27273075	1116	1134	measurable changes	T169	C0392747
27273075	1146	1156	parenchyma	T023	C0933845
27273075	1160	1168	infected	T033	C0439663
27273075	1169	1180	individuals	T098	C0237401

27273160|t|Transcriptional enhancement of Smn levels in motoneurons is crucial for proper axon morphology in zebrafish
27273160|a|An unresolved mystery in the field of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is why a reduction of the ubiquitously expressed Smn protein causes defects mostly in motoneurons. We addressed the possibility that this restricted vulnerability stems from elevated Smn expression in motoneurons. To explore this, we established an ex vivo zebrafish culture system of GFP - marked motoneurons to quantitatively measure Smn protein and smn mRNA levels as well as promoter activity in motoneurons versus other cell types. Importantly, we uncovered that Smn levels are elevated in motoneurons by means of transcriptional activation. In addition, we identified the ETS family transcription factor Etv5b to be responsible for increased smn transcription in motoneurons. Moreover, we established that the additional supply of Smn protein in motoneurons is necessary for proper axonogenesis in a cell-autonomous manner. These findings demonstrate the reliance of motoneurons on more Smn, thereby adding a novel piece of evidence for their increased vulnerability under SMA conditions.
27273160	0	27	Transcriptional enhancement	T045	C0162493
27273160	31	34	Smn	T028	C1420257
27273160	35	41	levels	T034	C0428479
27273160	45	56	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27273160	79	83	axon	T026	C0004461
27273160	84	94	morphology	T080	C0332437
27273160	98	107	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27273160	146	169	spinal muscular atrophy	T047	C0026847
27273160	171	174	SMA	T047	C0026847
27273160	225	236	Smn protein	T116,T123	C1571507
27273160	244	251	defects	T033	C0241225
27273160	262	273	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27273160	359	373	Smn expression	T045	C1171362
27273160	377	388	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27273160	425	457	ex vivo zebrafish culture system	T074	C4305352
27273160	433	442	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27273160	461	464	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27273160	467	473	marked	T080	C1708632
27273160	474	485	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27273160	512	523	Smn protein	T034	C0428479
27273160	528	536	smn mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27273160	537	543	levels	T081	C0392762
27273160	576	587	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27273160	601	605	cell	T025	C0007634
27273160	644	654	Smn levels	T034	C0428479
27273160	671	682	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27273160	695	721	transcriptional activation	T045	C0162493
27273160	754	791	ETS family transcription factor Etv5b	T116,T123	C0919488
27273160	824	841	smn transcription	T045	C0040649
27273160	845	856	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27273160	913	924	Smn protein	T116,T123	C1571507
27273160	928	939	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27273160	964	976	axonogenesis	T042	C1160337
27273160	982	1004	cell-autonomous manner	T043	C0007613
27273160	1012	1020	findings	T034	C0587081
27273160	1049	1060	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27273160	1069	1072	Smn	T116,T123	C1571507
27273160	1106	1114	evidence	T078	C3887511
27273160	1125	1134	increased	T081	C0205217
27273160	1135	1148	vulnerability	T201	C0012655
27273160	1155	1169	SMA conditions	T047	C0026847

27273231|t|Experimental study in pulmonary artery sealing with a vessel-sealing device
27273231|a|The development of vessel-sealing devices will facilitate safety in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of sealing pulmonary arteries with the Enseal tissue-sealing device. Pulmonary arteries from beagle dogs (mean body weight 13.1 kg, range 10.5-15.4 kg) were divided into 3 groups according to the in-vivo sealing method used (Enseal, ligation, and proximal ligation plus distal Enseal) and extracted to evaluate the pressure tolerance up to 75 mm Hg at the sealed end. A left lower lobectomy was performed to evaluate chronic-phase durability of the sealed stumps in a survival model. Two or three branches of the pulmonary arteries in each dog were allocated to each of the 3 groups. After the scheduled survival period, the pulmonary arteries were sampled. Pressure tolerance at the sealed end was evaluated in 91 pulmonary artery sections. All sealed ends showed pressure tolerance >75 mm Hg. A left lower lobectomy was performed in 13 dogs in which 35 pulmonary artery sections had been allocated into the 3 groups. No sealing failure was found, and pathological findings showed healing and persistent hemostasis at all sealed ends of the pulmonary arteries after 2 and 4 weeks of the survival period. Pulmonary arteries sealed in vivo with the Enseal device showed pressure tolerance >75 mm Hg in the acute phase, and persistent hemostasis after 2 or 4 weeks. Pulmonary artery sealing with the Enseal device is feasible and safe in thoracic surgery settings.
27273231	0	18	Experimental study	T062	C0681814
27273231	22	38	pulmonary artery	T023	C0034052
27273231	39	46	sealing	T061	C1963784
27273231	54	75	vessel-sealing device	T074	C0025080
27273231	95	117	vessel-sealing devices	T074	C0025080
27273231	134	140	safety	T068	C0036043
27273231	144	180	video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery	T061	C0752151
27273231	216	227	feasibility	T080	C0205556
27273231	232	238	safety	T068	C0036043
27273231	242	249	sealing	T061	C1963784
27273231	250	268	pulmonary arteries	T023	C0034052
27273231	278	306	Enseal tissue-sealing device	T074	C0025080
27273231	308	326	Pulmonary arteries	T023	C0034052
27273231	332	343	beagle dogs	T015	C1296765
27273231	411	417	groups	T096	C1642385
27273231	435	442	in-vivo	T082	C1515655
27273231	443	457	sealing method	T170	C0449371
27273231	464	470	Enseal	T074	C0025080
27273231	472	480	ligation	T061	C0189722
27273231	486	494	proximal	T082	C0205107
27273231	495	503	ligation	T061	C0189722
27273231	509	515	distal	T082	C0205108
27273231	516	522	Enseal	T074	C0025080
27273231	554	562	pressure	T067	C0033095
27273231	563	572	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27273231	595	601	sealed	T169	C0587267
27273231	602	605	end	T082	C0444930
27273231	620	629	lobectomy	T061	C0023928
27273231	656	669	chronic-phase	T079	C0457343
27273231	688	701	sealed stumps	T074	C0025080
27273231	707	721	survival model	T008	C0599779
27273231	752	770	pulmonary arteries	T023	C0034052
27273231	779	782	dog	T015	C0012984
27273231	815	821	groups	T096	C1642385
27273231	843	851	survival	T052	C0038952
27273231	852	858	period	T079	C1948053
27273231	864	882	pulmonary arteries	T023	C0034052
27273231	897	905	Pressure	T067	C0033095
27273231	906	915	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27273231	923	929	sealed	T169	C0587267
27273231	930	933	end	T082	C0444930
27273231	954	970	pulmonary artery	T023	C0034052
27273231	985	991	sealed	T169	C0587267
27273231	992	996	ends	T082	C0444930
27273231	1004	1012	pressure	T067	C0033095
27273231	1013	1022	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27273231	1047	1056	lobectomy	T061	C0023928
27273231	1077	1081	dogs	T015	C0012984
27273231	1094	1110	pulmonary artery	T023	C0034052
27273231	1150	1156	groups	T096	C1642385
27273231	1158	1160	No	T033	C1513916
27273231	1161	1168	sealing	T061	C1963784
27273231	1169	1176	failure	T169	C0231174
27273231	1192	1204	pathological	T169	C1521733
27273231	1205	1213	findings	T033	C0243095
27273231	1221	1228	healing	T040	C0043240
27273231	1233	1243	persistent	T079	C0205322
27273231	1244	1254	hemostasis	T042	C0019116
27273231	1262	1268	sealed	T169	C0587267
27273231	1269	1273	ends	T082	C0444930
27273231	1281	1299	pulmonary arteries	T023	C0034052
27273231	1314	1319	weeks	T079	C0439230
27273231	1327	1335	survival	T052	C0038952
27273231	1336	1342	period	T079	C1948053
27273231	1344	1362	Pulmonary arteries	T023	C0034052
27273231	1363	1369	sealed	T169	C0587267
27273231	1370	1377	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27273231	1387	1400	Enseal device	T074	C0025080
27273231	1408	1416	pressure	T067	C0033095
27273231	1417	1426	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27273231	1444	1455	acute phase	T079	C0439557
27273231	1461	1471	persistent	T079	C0205322
27273231	1472	1482	hemostasis	T042	C0019116
27273231	1496	1501	weeks	T079	C0439230
27273231	1503	1519	Pulmonary artery	T023	C0034052
27273231	1520	1527	sealing	T061	C1963784
27273231	1537	1550	Enseal device	T074	C0025080
27273231	1554	1562	feasible	T080	C0205556
27273231	1567	1571	safe	T068	C0036043
27273231	1575	1591	thoracic surgery	T061	C0524832

27273307|t|Pathophysiology, treatment and prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
27273307|a|Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic condition that affects 1% of women that undergo treatment with assisted reproductive technology. The review aims to summarize recent evidence on pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention of OHSS. The pathophysiology is still not completely understood; however, vascular endothelial growth factor is likely to be an important mediator. Human chorionic gonadotropin was previously thought to be necessary for OHSS to occur; however, recent case reports have proven otherwise. The contribution of an attenuated anti-Mullerian hormone signalling pathway and CD11c + HLA-DR + dendritic cells and associated interleukins has been explored recently as contributors to pathogenesis. Treatment is largely supportive and is based mainly on consensus statements rather than evidence. Therefore, it is important to prevent this condition by identifying women at risk, allowing the clinician to implement preventive strategies, including the use of GnRH antagonist cycles with agonist triggers. More research is required to elucidate the pathophysiology behind the condition. Clinicians should employ strategies to prevent OHSS.
27273307	0	15	Pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27273307	17	26	treatment	T061	C0087111
27273307	31	41	prevention	T061	C0199176
27273307	45	78	ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome	T047	C0085083
27273307	79	85	Severe	T080	C0205082
27273307	86	119	ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome	T047	C0085083
27273307	121	125	OHSS	T047	C0085083
27273307	133	143	iatrogenic	T080	C0439669
27273307	144	153	condition	T080	C0348080
27273307	159	166	affects	T077	C4054723
27273307	173	178	women	T098	C0043210
27273307	192	201	treatment	T061	C0087111
27273307	207	239	assisted reproductive technology	T061	C0872104
27273307	245	251	review	T170	C0282443
27273307	252	256	aims	T078	C1947946
27273307	260	269	summarize	T170	C1706244
27273307	270	276	recent	T079	C0332185
27273307	277	285	evidence	T078	C3887511
27273307	289	304	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27273307	306	315	treatment	T061	C0087111
27273307	321	331	prevention	T061	C0199176
27273307	335	339	OHSS	T047	C0085083
27273307	345	360	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27273307	374	384	completely	T080	C0205197
27273307	385	395	understood	T041	C0162340
27273307	406	440	vascular endothelial growth factor	T116,T123	C0078058
27273307	460	469	important	T080	C3898777
27273307	480	508	Human chorionic gonadotropin	T116,T121,T125	C1141639
27273307	524	531	thought	T041	C0039869
27273307	552	556	OHSS	T047	C0085083
27273307	560	565	occur	T052	C1709305
27273307	576	595	recent case reports	T170	C0007320
27273307	601	607	proven	T080	C0456369
27273307	623	635	contribution	T052	C1880177
27273307	642	652	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27273307	653	675	anti-Mullerian hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0066928
27273307	676	694	signalling pathway	T043	C0037083
27273307	699	704	CD11c	T116,T129,T192	C0023395
27273307	707	713	HLA-DR	T116,T129	C0019764
27273307	716	731	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
27273307	736	746	associated	T080	C0332281
27273307	747	759	interleukins	T116,T129	C0021764
27273307	778	786	recently	T079	C0332185
27273307	790	802	contributors	T052	C1880177
27273307	806	818	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27273307	820	829	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27273307	841	851	supportive	T061	C0344211
27273307	859	864	based	T078	C1705938
27273307	875	884	consensus	T054	C0376298
27273307	885	895	statements	T078	C1710187
27273307	908	916	evidence	T078	C3887511
27273307	935	944	important	T080	C3898777
27273307	948	955	prevent	T169	C1292733
27273307	961	970	condition	T080	C0348080
27273307	974	985	identifying	T058	C1269815
27273307	986	991	women	T098	C0043210
27273307	992	999	at risk	T080	C1444641
27273307	1001	1009	allowing	T054	C0683607
27273307	1014	1023	clinician	T097	C0871685
27273307	1027	1036	implement	T052	C1708476
27273307	1037	1058	preventive strategies	T170	C0679716
27273307	1060	1069	including	T169	C0332257
27273307	1081	1096	GnRH antagonist	T121,T125	C1268855
27273307	1097	1103	cycles	T079	C0001289
27273307	1109	1116	agonist	T121	C2987634
27273307	1132	1140	research	T062	C0035168
27273307	1144	1152	required	T169	C1514873
27273307	1170	1185	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27273307	1197	1206	condition	T080	C0348080
27273307	1208	1218	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
27273307	1226	1232	employ	T169	C0457083
27273307	1233	1243	strategies	T041	C0679199
27273307	1247	1254	prevent	T061	C0679698
27273307	1255	1259	OHSS	T047	C0085083

27273918|t|A DANGEROUS MUDDYING OF THE WATERS? THE ' SIGNIFICANT HARM ' OF RE B AND G (CHILDREN) (CARE PROCEEDINGS)[2015] EWFC 3
27273918|a|The academic debate rages on as to whether male circumcision really is in the best interests of the child or if it constitutes an abusive practice. This commentary discusses the recent case of Re B and G (children) (care proceedings) [2015] EWFC 3, delivered by the current President of the Family Division of the High court, Sir James Munby. Two key issues are raised by this judgment. First, that President Munby's obiter comments constitute an attack on the legally accepted act of male circumcision by suggesting a similar nature between the illegal act of female genital mutilation (FGM) and that of male circumcision as well as the suggestion that male circumcision can be classed as a significant harm. Second, that this case reflects the woefully unprepared condition of the UK medical profession in dealing with FGM.
27273918	42	53	SIGNIFICANT	T078	C0750502
27273918	54	58	HARM	UnknownType	C0680558
27273918	64	84	RE B AND G (CHILDREN	T100	C0008059
27273918	87	103	CARE PROCEEDINGS	T057	C0584988
27273918	122	130	academic	UnknownType	C0683838
27273918	131	137	debate	T052	C0870392
27273918	138	143	rages	T041	C0034634
27273918	161	178	male circumcision	T061	C0008819
27273918	196	200	best	T080	C1522427
27273918	201	210	interests	T041	C0543488
27273918	218	223	child	T100	C0008059
27273918	248	255	abusive	T051	C1546935
27273918	256	264	practice	T080	C0475222
27273918	271	281	commentary	T170	C0282411
27273918	282	291	discusses	T054	C2584313
27273918	296	302	recent	T079	C0332185
27273918	303	307	case	T169	C0868928
27273918	311	332	Re B and G (children)	T100	C0008059
27273918	334	350	care proceedings	T057	C0584988
27273918	384	391	current	T079	C0521116
27273918	392	401	President	T097	C0679924
27273918	409	442	Family Division of the High court	T092	C0029246
27273918	469	475	issues	T033	C0033213
27273918	480	486	raised	T080	C0442818
27273918	495	503	judgment	T033	C1287392
27273918	517	526	President	T097	C0679924
27273918	542	550	comments	T170	C0947611
27273918	565	571	attack	T054	C1261512
27273918	579	586	legally	T169	C1301860
27273918	587	595	accepted	T080	C1272684
27273918	596	599	act	T052	C3266814
27273918	603	620	male circumcision	T061	C0008819
27273918	637	644	similar	T080	C2348205
27273918	645	651	nature	T169	C1262865
27273918	664	671	illegal	T078	C3242151
27273918	672	675	act	T052	C3266814
27273918	679	704	female genital mutilation	T054	C0403893
27273918	706	709	FGM	T054	C0403893
27273918	723	740	male circumcision	T061	C0008819
27273918	756	766	suggestion	T078	C1705535
27273918	772	789	male circumcision	T061	C0008819
27273918	810	821	significant	T078	C0750502
27273918	822	826	harm	UnknownType	C0680558
27273918	846	850	case	T169	C0868928
27273918	851	859	reflects	T041	C0558058
27273918	873	883	unprepared	T185	C4082133
27273918	884	893	condition	T080	C0348080
27273918	901	903	UK	T083	C0041700
27273918	904	922	medical profession	T091	C0814933
27273918	939	942	FGM	T054	C0403893

27274087|t|Zinc transporter ZIP10 forms a heteromer with ZIP6 which regulates embryonic development and cell migration
27274087|a|There is growing evidence that zinc and its transporters are involved in cell migration during development and in cancer. In the present study, we show that zinc transporter ZIP10 (SLC39A10) stimulates cell motility and proliferation, both in mammalian cells and in the zebrafish embryo. This is associated with inactivation of GSK-3α and -3ß and downregulation of E-cadherin (CDH1). Morpholino -mediated knock-down of zip10 causes delayed epiboly and deformities of the head, eye, heart and tail. Furthermore, zip10 deficiency results in overexpression of cdh1, zip6 and stat3, the latter gene product driving transcription of both zip6 and zip10 The non-reduntant requirement of Zip6 and Zip10 for epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is consistent with our finding that they exist as a heteromer. We postulate that a subset of ZIPs carrying PrP-like ectodomains, including ZIP6 and ZIP10, are integral to cellular pathways and plasticity programs, such as EMT.
27274087	0	16	Zinc transporter	T116,T123	C1608304
27274087	17	22	ZIP10	T116,T123	C1957162
27274087	46	50	ZIP6	T116,T123	C1432030
27274087	57	66	regulates	T038	C1327622
27274087	67	88	embryonic development	T042	C0013936
27274087	93	107	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27274087	125	133	evidence	T078	C3887511
27274087	139	143	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27274087	152	164	transporters	T116,T123	C1608304
27274087	169	177	involved	T169	C1314939
27274087	181	195	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27274087	196	202	during	T079	C0347984
27274087	203	214	development	T040	C0678723
27274087	222	228	cancer	T191	C0006826
27274087	245	250	study	T062	C2603343
27274087	265	281	zinc transporter	T116,T123	C1608304
27274087	282	287	ZIP10	T116,T123	C1957162
27274087	289	297	SLC39A10	T116,T123	C1957162
27274087	299	309	stimulates	T070	C1948023
27274087	310	323	cell motility	T040	C0007608
27274087	328	341	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27274087	351	366	mammalian cells	T025	C1512977
27274087	378	387	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27274087	388	394	embryo	T018	C0013935
27274087	404	419	associated with	T080	C0332281
27274087	420	432	inactivation	T044	C0314679
27274087	436	442	GSK-3α	T116,T126	C3853562
27274087	447	450	-3ß	T116,T126	C4283740
27274087	455	469	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27274087	473	483	E-cadherin	T116,T123	C0042172
27274087	485	489	CDH1	T116,T123	C1739912
27274087	492	502	Morpholino	T114	C1881903
27274087	513	523	knock-down	T063	C2350567
27274087	527	532	zip10	T028	C1427168
27274087	540	547	delayed	T079	C0205421
27274087	548	555	epiboly	T042	C3548582
27274087	560	571	deformities	T080	C1527361
27274087	579	583	head	T029	C0018670
27274087	585	588	eye	T023	C0015392
27274087	590	595	heart	T023	C0018787
27274087	600	604	tail	T023	C0039259
27274087	619	624	zip10	T116,T123	C1957162
27274087	625	635	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27274087	647	661	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27274087	665	669	cdh1	T116,T123	C1739912
27274087	671	675	zip6	T116,T123	C1432030
27274087	680	685	stat3	T116,T123	C0253050
27274087	698	710	gene product	T116,T123	C0033684
27274087	719	732	transcription	T045	C0040649
27274087	741	745	zip6	T116,T123	C1432030
27274087	750	755	zip10	T116,T123	C1957162
27274087	774	785	requirement	T169	C1514873
27274087	789	793	Zip6	T116,T123	C1432030
27274087	798	803	Zip10	T116,T123	C1957162
27274087	808	844	epithelial to mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27274087	846	849	EMT	T043	C1523298
27274087	854	869	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27274087	874	881	finding	T033	C0243095
27274087	892	897	exist	T077	C2987476
27274087	934	940	subset	T185	C1515021
27274087	944	948	ZIPs	T116,T123	C2934441
27274087	958	978	PrP-like ectodomains	T087	C1514562
27274087	980	989	including	T169	C0332257
27274087	990	994	ZIP6	T116,T123	C1432030
27274087	999	1004	ZIP10	T116,T123	C1957162
27274087	1010	1018	integral	T081	C0443238
27274087	1022	1030	cellular	T059	C0178539
27274087	1031	1039	pathways	T044	C1704259
27274087	1044	1054	plasticity	T043	C4042875
27274087	1055	1063	programs	T169	C3484370
27274087	1073	1076	EMT	T043	C1523298

27274281|t|Evaluation of response from axitinib per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors versus Choi criteria in previously treated patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
27274281|a|Axitinib, a selective and potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, was available to patients from Canada and Australia, prior to regulatory approval of axitinib in these countries, for treatment of clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) after failure of one prior systemic regimen. This single-arm, open-label study of axitinib evaluated the efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with mRCC whose disease progressed after one prior systemic first-line regimen. Primary objective was objective response rate evaluated per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and Choi criteria. Progression-free survival, overall survival, safety, and QoL were secondary end points. Due to the small study size, analyses comprised of descriptive statistics. Fifteen patients were recruited, five from Canada and ten from Australia, over a limited recruitment period. Thirteen patients received sunitinib as prior therapy. All patients had clear-cell carcinoma, eleven had prior nephrectomy. Liver, lung, and lymph nodes were the most frequent sites of metastases; one patient had brain metastasis. Median time on axitinib was 118.0 days (range: 3.5-645.0 days); estimated survival probability at 12 months was 57.8%. Two (13.3%) patients had objective responses per RECIST versus nine (60.0%) per Choi criteria. Six patients had progressive disease based on RECIST versus three per Choi criteria. Nine (60.0%) events of progression or death occurred by the end of study, and three patients continued to receive the study drug. Fatigue (33%) and diarrhea (20%) were the most common grade ≥3 all-causality, treatment -emergent adverse events. The mean change in European Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions score from baseline to end of treatment was -0.0837. The small number of patients and lack of a comparator arm limit the ability to draw definitive conclusions; however, safety and efficacy profiles of axitinib were consistent with reports from previous studies in patients with mRCC, and patients generally maintained QoL. The sizeable difference observed in objective response rate by RECIST versus Choi criteria merits further research.
27274281	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27274281	28	36	axitinib	T109,T121	C1700874
27274281	41	85	Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors	T170	C1709926
27274281	93	106	Choi criteria	T170	C0935549
27274281	121	128	treated	T033	C0332154
27274281	129	137	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	143	174	metastatic renal cell carcinoma	T191	C0278678
27274281	175	183	Axitinib	T109,T121	C1700874
27274281	208	233	tyrosine kinase inhibitor	T121	C1268567
27274281	237	281	vascular endothelial growth factor receptors	T116,T126,T192	C0148199
27274281	300	308	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	314	320	Canada	T083	C0006823
27274281	325	334	Australia	T083	C0004340
27274281	356	364	approval	T170	C2346845
27274281	368	376	axitinib	T109,T121	C1700874
27274281	386	395	countries	T083	C0454664
27274281	401	410	treatment	T061	C0087111
27274281	414	456	clear-cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma	T191	C2931852
27274281	458	462	mRCC	T191	C2931852
27274281	500	507	regimen	T061	C0040808
27274281	514	524	single-arm	T062	C2826346
27274281	526	542	open-label study	T062	C1709323
27274281	546	554	axitinib	T109,T121	C1700874
27274281	569	577	efficacy	T062	C1707887
27274281	579	585	safety	T062	C1705187
27274281	591	606	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27274281	608	611	QoL	T078	C0034380
27274281	616	624	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	630	634	mRCC	T191	C2931852
27274281	641	648	disease	T047	C0012634
27274281	649	659	progressed	T046	C0242656
27274281	685	703	first-line regimen	T061	C1708063
27274281	737	750	response rate	T079	C0237629
27274281	751	760	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27274281	765	809	Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors	T170	C1709926
27274281	811	817	RECIST	T170	C1709926
27274281	823	836	Choi criteria	T170	C0935549
27274281	838	863	Progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
27274281	865	881	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27274281	883	889	safety	T062	C1705187
27274281	895	898	QoL	T078	C0034380
27274281	943	948	study	T062	C2603343
27274281	989	999	statistics	T062	C2717898
27274281	1009	1017	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	1044	1050	Canada	T083	C0006823
27274281	1064	1073	Australia	T083	C0004340
27274281	1119	1127	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	1137	1146	sunitinib	T109,T121	C1176020
27274281	1156	1163	therapy	T061	C0087111
27274281	1169	1177	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	1182	1202	clear-cell carcinoma	T191	C0206681
27274281	1221	1232	nephrectomy	T061	C0027695
27274281	1234	1239	Liver	T023	C0023884
27274281	1241	1245	lung	T023	C0024109
27274281	1251	1262	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
27274281	1295	1305	metastases	T191	C0027627
27274281	1311	1318	patient	T101	C0030705
27274281	1323	1339	brain metastasis	T191	C0220650
27274281	1341	1347	Median	T081	C0876920
27274281	1356	1364	axitinib	T109,T121	C1700874
27274281	1375	1379	days	T079	C0439228
27274281	1381	1386	range	T081	C1514721
27274281	1398	1402	days	T079	C0439228
27274281	1415	1423	survival	T052	C0038952
27274281	1442	1448	months	T079	C0439231
27274281	1472	1480	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	1495	1504	responses	T032	C0871261
27274281	1509	1515	RECIST	T170	C1709926
27274281	1540	1553	Choi criteria	T170	C0935549
27274281	1559	1567	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	1572	1583	progressive	T046	C0242656
27274281	1584	1591	disease	T047	C0012634
27274281	1601	1607	RECIST	T170	C1709926
27274281	1625	1638	Choi criteria	T170	C0935549
27274281	1663	1674	progression	T046	C0242656
27274281	1678	1683	death	T040	C0011065
27274281	1707	1712	study	T062	C2603343
27274281	1724	1732	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	1758	1763	study	T062	C2603343
27274281	1764	1768	drug	T121	C1254351
27274281	1770	1777	Fatigue	T184	C0015672
27274281	1788	1796	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27274281	1848	1857	treatment	T061	C0087111
27274281	1868	1882	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27274281	1888	1892	mean	T081	C0444504
27274281	1903	1911	European	T083	C0015176
27274281	1912	1927	Quality of Life	T078	C0034380
27274281	1943	1948	score	T081	C0449820
27274281	1954	1962	baseline	T081	C1442488
27274281	1973	1982	treatment	T061	C0087111
27274281	2016	2024	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	2080	2090	definitive	T079	C0443196
27274281	2091	2102	conclusions	T078	C1707478
27274281	2113	2119	safety	T062	C1705187
27274281	2124	2132	efficacy	T062	C1707887
27274281	2145	2153	axitinib	T109,T121	C1700874
27274281	2197	2204	studies	T062	C2603343
27274281	2208	2216	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	2222	2226	mRCC	T191	C2931852
27274281	2232	2240	patients	T101	C0030705
27274281	2262	2265	QoL	T078	C0034380
27274281	2313	2326	response rate	T079	C0237629
27274281	2330	2336	RECIST	T170	C1709926
27274281	2344	2357	Choi criteria	T170	C0935549
27274281	2373	2381	research	T062	C0008972

27274417|t|Demographics, Health, and Risk Behaviors of Young Adults Who Drink Energy Drinks and Coffee Beverages
27274417|a|Objective: The present study investigates risk behaviors, sleep habits, and mental health factors associated with caffeinated beverage use in young adults. Materials and Methods: Students from a midsize private university (n = 159) completed a 15- minute anonymous questionnaire, including questions on risk behaviors, sleep habits, alcohol, and caffeine consumption. We compared behaviors between the top ∼15% ("high end") of energy drink users (≥3/ month) and coffee users (≥16/ month) to those with less frequent or no caffeine consumption. Results: Caffeine consumption was frequent among young adults. In the last month, 36% of students had an energy drink, 69% had coffee or espresso, and 86% reported having any caffeine; however, the majority of students were unaware of the caffeine content in these beverages. High-end energy drink consumers reported more risk-taking behaviors (increased drug and alcohol use and less frequent seat belt use), sleep disturbances (later bedtimes, harder time falling asleep, and more all-nighters), and higher frequency of mental illness diagnoses than those who consumed fewer energy drinks. In contrast, the frequency of most risk behaviors, sleep disturbances, and mental illness diagnoses was not significantly different between the high-end and general population of coffee drinkers. Conclusion: Students with delayed sleep patterns, mental illness, and higher frequency of substance use and risk behaviors were more likely to be regular energy drink users but not regular coffee drinkers. It is unclear whether the psychoactive content in energy drinks results in different behavioral effects than just caffeine in coffee, and/or different personality / health populations are drawn to the two types of beverages.
27274417	0	12	Demographics	T090	C0011298
27274417	14	20	Health	T055	C0018687
27274417	26	40	Risk Behaviors	T055	C0086931
27274417	44	56	Young Adults	T100	C0238598
27274417	61	66	Drink	T168	C0452428
27274417	67	80	Energy Drinks	T168	C3179078
27274417	85	91	Coffee	T168	C0009237
27274417	92	101	Beverages	T168	C0005329
27274417	102	111	Objective	T170	C0018017
27274417	117	124	present	T033	C0150312
27274417	125	130	study	T062	C2603343
27274417	131	143	investigates	T169	C1292732
27274417	144	158	risk behaviors	T055	C0086931
27274417	160	172	sleep habits	T033	C2133558
27274417	178	199	mental health factors	T033	C4035943
27274417	200	215	associated with	T080	C0332281
27274417	216	236	caffeinated beverage	T168	C0678438
27274417	244	256	young adults	T100	C0238598
27274417	258	267	Materials	T167	C0520510
27274417	272	279	Methods	T170	C0025663
27274417	281	289	Students	T098	C0038492
27274417	297	323	midsize private university	T073,T092	C0041740
27274417	350	356	minute	T079	C0439232
27274417	357	366	anonymous	T080	C2346787
27274417	367	380	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27274417	392	401	questions	T078	C0681799
27274417	405	419	risk behaviors	T055	C0086931
27274417	421	433	sleep habits	T033	C2133558
27274417	435	442	alcohol	T055	C0001948
27274417	448	468	caffeine consumption	T054	C0948365
27274417	473	481	compared	T052	C1707455
27274417	482	491	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27274417	529	541	energy drink	T168	C3179078
27274417	542	547	users	T098	C1706077
27274417	553	558	month	T079	C0439231
27274417	564	570	coffee	T168	C0009237
27274417	571	576	users	T098	C1706077
27274417	583	588	month	T079	C0439231
27274417	604	617	less frequent	T079	C1254367
27274417	624	644	caffeine consumption	T054	C0948365
27274417	646	653	Results	T033	C0683954
27274417	655	675	Caffeine consumption	T054	C0948365
27274417	680	688	frequent	T079	C0332183
27274417	695	707	young adults	T100	C0238598
27274417	721	726	month	T079	C0439231
27274417	735	743	students	T098	C0038492
27274417	751	763	energy drink	T168	C3179078
27274417	773	779	coffee	T168	C0009237
27274417	783	791	espresso	T168	C0016452
27274417	821	829	caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27274417	844	852	majority	T054	C0680220
27274417	856	864	students	T098	C0038492
27274417	870	877	unaware	T062	C0150114
27274417	885	893	caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27274417	894	901	content	T077	C0456205
27274417	911	920	beverages	T168	C0005329
27274417	931	943	energy drink	T168	C3179078
27274417	944	953	consumers	T098	C1257890
27274417	968	989	risk-taking behaviors	T055	C0683303
27274417	991	1005	increased drug	T033	C1821939
27274417	1010	1021	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27274417	1026	1039	less frequent	T079	C1254367
27274417	1040	1053	seat belt use	T033	C1303116
27274417	1056	1074	sleep disturbances	T184	C0037317
27274417	1076	1081	later	T079	C0205087
27274417	1082	1090	bedtimes	T079	C0521112
27274417	1092	1118	harder time falling asleep	T048	C0393760
27274417	1129	1141	all-nighters	T079	C1254367
27274417	1155	1164	frequency	T079	C0439603
27274417	1168	1182	mental illness	T048	C0004936
27274417	1183	1192	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27274417	1208	1216	consumed	T033	C3173371
27274417	1223	1236	energy drinks	T168	C3179078
27274417	1241	1249	contrast	T080	C1979874
27274417	1255	1264	frequency	T079	C0439603
27274417	1273	1287	risk behaviors	T055	C0086931
27274417	1289	1307	sleep disturbances	T184	C0037317
27274417	1313	1327	mental illness	T048	C0004936
27274417	1328	1337	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27274417	1382	1413	high-end and general population	T098	C1257890
27274417	1417	1423	coffee	T168	C0009237
27274417	1424	1432	drinkers	T033	C0556338
27274417	1434	1444	Conclusion	T078	C1707478
27274417	1446	1454	Students	T098	C0038492
27274417	1460	1467	delayed	T079	C0205421
27274417	1468	1482	sleep patterns	T033	C1849174
27274417	1484	1498	mental illness	T048	C0004936
27274417	1511	1520	frequency	T079	C0439603
27274417	1524	1537	substance use	T048	C0237123
27274417	1542	1556	risk behaviors	T055	C0086931
27274417	1588	1600	energy drink	T168	C3179078
27274417	1601	1606	users	T098	C1706077
27274417	1615	1638	regular coffee drinkers	T033	C0554771
27274417	1646	1653	unclear	T033	C3845108
27274417	1666	1678	psychoactive	T121	C0033978
27274417	1679	1686	content	T077	C0456205
27274417	1690	1703	energy drinks	T168	C3179078
27274417	1704	1711	results	T169	C1274040
27274417	1725	1743	behavioral effects	T053	C0004927
27274417	1754	1762	caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27274417	1766	1772	coffee	T168	C0009237
27274417	1791	1802	personality	T041	C0031208
27274417	1805	1823	health populations	T098	C1257890
27274417	1854	1863	beverages	T168	C0005329

27274524|t|Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis as a Rare Cause of Recurrent Epigastric Pain
27274524|a|Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) is a rare inflammatory disorder of gastrointestinal tract characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the bowel wall. It can mimic many gastrointestinal disorders due to its wide spectrum of presentations. Diagnose is mostly based on excluding other disorders and a high suspicion. Here we report a case of 26 year old man with a history of sever epigastric pain followed by nausea, vomiting since a few days before admission with final diagnosis of EGE.
27274524	0	28	Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis	T047	C1262481
27274524	34	38	Rare	T080	C0522498
27274524	39	44	Cause	T169	C0015127
27274524	48	73	Recurrent Epigastric Pain	UnknownType	C0743544
27274524	74	102	Eosinophilic gastroenteritis	T047	C1262481
27274524	104	107	EGE	T047	C1262481
27274524	119	140	inflammatory disorder	T047	C1290884
27274524	144	166	gastrointestinal tract	T022	C0017189
27274524	167	180	characterized	T052	C1880022
27274524	184	209	eosinophilic infiltration	T046	C0333390
27274524	217	227	bowel wall	T023	C0021853
27274524	247	273	gastrointestinal disorders	T047	C0017178
27274524	285	315	wide spectrum of presentations	T033	C0243095
27274524	317	325	Diagnose	T033	C0011900
27274524	345	354	excluding	T169	C0332196
27274524	355	360	other	T080	C0205394
27274524	361	370	disorders	T047	C0012634
27274524	377	381	high	T080	C0205250
27274524	382	391	suspicion	T041	C0242114
27274524	401	414	report a case	T170	C0007320
27274524	421	425	year	T079	C0439234
27274524	426	429	old	T079	C0580836
27274524	430	433	man	T098	C0025266
27274524	441	448	history	T033	C0262926
27274524	452	473	sever epigastric pain	T184	C0232493
27274524	486	492	nausea	T184	C0027497
27274524	494	502	vomiting	T184	C0042963
27274524	511	514	few	T081	C0205388
27274524	515	519	days	T079	C0439228
27274524	520	526	before	T079	C0332152
27274524	527	536	admission	T058	C0030673
27274524	548	557	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27274524	561	564	EGE	T047	C1262481

27274541|t|Biochemical characteristics of AtFAR2, a fatty acid reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana that reduces fatty acyl-CoA and - ACP substrates into fatty alcohols
27274541|a|Fatty alcohols and derivatives are important for proper deposition of a functional pollen wall. Mutations in specific genes encoding fatty acid reductases (FAR) responsible for fatty alcohol production cause abnormal development of pollen. A disrupted AtFAR2 (MS2) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana results in pollen developing an abnormal exine layer and a reduced fertility phenotype. AtFAR2 has been shown to be targeted to chloroplasts and in a purified form to be specific for acyl-ACP substrates. Here, we present data on the in vitro and in planta characterizations of AtFAR2 from A. thaliana and show that this enzyme has the ability to use both, C16:0-ACP and C16:0-CoA, as substrates to produce C16:0-alcohol. Our results further show that AtFAR2 is highly similar in properties and substrate specificity to AtFAR6 for which in vitro data has been published, and which is also a chloroplast localized enzyme. This suggests that although AtFAR2 is the major enzyme responsible for exine layer functionality, AtFAR6 might provide functional redundancy to AtFAR2.
27274541	0	11	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
27274541	12	27	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27274541	31	37	AtFAR2	T116,T126	C4307379
27274541	41	61	fatty acid reductase	T116,T126	C0060094
27274541	67	87	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
27274541	101	115	fatty acyl-CoA	T114,T123	C0001374
27274541	122	136	ACP substrates	T116,T123	C0001369
27274541	142	156	fatty alcohols	T109	C0015694
27274541	157	171	Fatty alcohols	T109	C0015694
27274541	176	187	derivatives	T104	C0243072
27274541	192	201	important	T080	C3898777
27274541	213	223	deposition	T169	C0333562
27274541	229	239	functional	T169	C0205245
27274541	240	251	pollen wall	T026	C1820005
27274541	253	262	Mutations	T045	C0596611
27274541	275	280	genes	T028	C0017337
27274541	290	311	fatty acid reductases	T116,T126	C0060094
27274541	313	316	FAR	T116,T126	C0060094
27274541	334	347	fatty alcohol	T109	C0015694
27274541	348	358	production	T169	C0205245
27274541	365	373	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27274541	374	385	development	T169	C1527148
27274541	389	395	pollen	T002	C0032385
27274541	399	408	disrupted	T080	C0332454
27274541	409	426	AtFAR2 (MS2) gene	T028	C1428496
27274541	430	450	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
27274541	451	458	results	T169	C1274040
27274541	462	468	pollen	T002	C0032385
27274541	469	479	developing	T169	C1527148
27274541	483	491	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27274541	492	503	exine layer	T026	C1820006
27274541	510	527	reduced fertility	T033	C0243095
27274541	528	537	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27274541	539	545	AtFAR2	T116,T126	C4307379
27274541	567	575	targeted	T169	C1521840
27274541	579	591	chloroplasts	T026	C0008266
27274541	601	614	purified form	T080	C0348078
27274541	621	629	specific	T080	C0205369
27274541	634	653	acyl-ACP substrates	T116,T123	C0001369
27274541	672	676	data	T078	C1511726
27274541	684	692	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27274541	700	706	planta	T002	C0032098
27274541	707	724	characterizations	T052	C1880022
27274541	728	734	AtFAR2	T116,T126	C4307379
27274541	740	751	A. thaliana	T002	C0162740
27274541	771	777	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27274541	807	816	C16:0-ACP	T116,T123	C0001369
27274541	821	830	C16:0-CoA	T114,T123	C0030239
27274541	835	845	substrates	T120	C0178623
27274541	857	870	C16:0-alcohol	T109,T122	C0055152
27274541	902	908	AtFAR2	T116,T126	C4307379
27274541	930	940	properties	T080	C0205556
27274541	945	954	substrate	T120	C0178623
27274541	955	966	specificity	T081	C0037791
27274541	970	976	AtFAR6	T116,T126	C0060094
27274541	987	995	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27274541	996	1000	data	T078	C1511726
27274541	1041	1052	chloroplast	T026	C0008266
27274541	1053	1062	localized	T082	C0392752
27274541	1063	1069	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27274541	1099	1105	AtFAR2	T116,T126	C4307379
27274541	1119	1125	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27274541	1142	1153	exine layer	T026	C1820006
27274541	1154	1167	functionality	T169	C0542341
27274541	1169	1175	AtFAR6	T116,T126	C0060094
27274541	1190	1200	functional	T169	C0205245
27274541	1201	1211	redundancy	T169	C1313915
27274541	1215	1221	AtFAR2	T116,T126	C4307379

27274791|t|Comparing Time Perception among Morphine - Derived Drugs Addicts and Controls
27274791|a|The aim of the present study is to compare time perception among drug addicts and controls. 30 drug addicts were selected, and 30 non-addict individuals were selected as the control group. The two groups performed three tests of time reproduction, time estimation, and time discrimination. There was a significant difference between the addicts group and the control group regarding the error of time reproduction and time estimation. The addict group in comparison to the control group had a lower under- reproduction and a higher over- reproduction error, and also a lower under- estimation and higher over- estimation error. However, regarding time discrimination, no significant difference was observed between the errors committed by both groups. On the other hand, when showing images of drug consumption tools and normal images with same durations, the normal group believed that the images related to drug consumption tools were shown for a shorter period of time. Time perception is different between morphine - derived drugs addicts and controls.
27274791	0	9	Comparing	T052	C1707455
27274791	10	25	Time Perception	T041	C0040226
27274791	32	40	Morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27274791	43	50	Derived	T080	C1441547
27274791	51	56	Drugs	T121	C0013227
27274791	57	64	Addicts	T101	C0858354
27274791	69	77	Controls	T096	C0009932
27274791	82	85	aim	T078	C1947946
27274791	101	106	study	T062	C2603343
27274791	113	120	compare	T052	C1707455
27274791	121	136	time perception	T041	C0040226
27274791	143	155	drug addicts	T033	C0700285
27274791	160	168	controls	T096	C0009932
27274791	173	185	drug addicts	T033	C0700285
27274791	191	199	selected	T052	C1707391
27274791	208	230	non-addict individuals	T098	C0237401
27274791	236	244	selected	T052	C1707391
27274791	252	265	control group	T096	C0009932
27274791	275	281	groups	T078	C0441833
27274791	298	303	tests	T170	C0392366
27274791	307	311	time	T079	C0040223
27274791	312	324	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27274791	326	341	time estimation	T079	C0871937
27274791	347	351	time	T079	C0040223
27274791	352	366	discrimination	T041	C0012632
27274791	380	391	significant	T078	C0750502
27274791	392	402	difference	T080	C1705242
27274791	415	422	addicts	T101	C0858354
27274791	423	428	group	T078	C0441833
27274791	437	450	control group	T096	C0009932
27274791	465	470	error	T080	C0743559
27274791	474	478	time	T079	C0040223
27274791	479	491	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27274791	496	511	time estimation	T079	C0871937
27274791	517	523	addict	T101	C0858354
27274791	524	529	group	T078	C0441833
27274791	533	543	comparison	T052	C1707455
27274791	551	564	control group	T096	C0009932
27274791	571	576	lower	T052	C2003888
27274791	584	596	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27274791	603	609	higher	T080	C0205250
27274791	616	628	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27274791	629	634	error	T080	C0743559
27274791	647	652	lower	T052	C2003888
27274791	660	670	estimation	T041	C0680844
27274791	675	681	higher	T080	C0205250
27274791	688	698	estimation	T041	C0680844
27274791	699	704	error	T080	C0743559
27274791	725	729	time	T079	C0040223
27274791	730	744	discrimination	T041	C0012632
27274791	749	760	significant	T078	C0750502
27274791	761	771	difference	T080	C1705242
27274791	797	803	errors	T080	C0743559
27274791	822	828	groups	T078	C0441833
27274791	862	868	images	T170	C1704922
27274791	872	888	drug consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27274791	889	894	tools	T073	C0336791
27274791	899	905	normal	T080	C0205307
27274791	906	912	images	T170	C1704922
27274791	923	932	durations	T079	C0449238
27274791	938	944	normal	T080	C0205307
27274791	945	950	group	T078	C0441833
27274791	969	975	images	T170	C1704922
27274791	987	1003	drug consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27274791	1004	1009	tools	T073	C0336791
27274791	1027	1034	shorter	T081	C1806781
27274791	1035	1041	period	T079	C1948053
27274791	1045	1049	time	T079	C0040223
27274791	1051	1066	Time perception	T041	C0040226
27274791	1070	1079	different	T080	C1705242
27274791	1088	1096	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27274791	1099	1106	derived	T080	C1441547
27274791	1107	1112	drugs	T121	C0013227
27274791	1113	1120	addicts	T101	C0858354
27274791	1125	1133	controls	T096	C0009932

27274893|t|Comparison of sonoelastography with sonourethrography and retrograde urethrography in the evaluation of male anterior urethral strictures
27274893|a|Retrograde urethrography (RUG) is the most common and preferred imaging modality for imaging of the anterior urethral strictures despite its well-known limitations and disadvantages. Sonourethrography (SUG) was introduced in 1988 to overcome the limitations of RUG and to provide more accurate results. As proper selection of imaging modality is very important for planning the treatment, various advances in this area are required. One of the major factors for recurrence of stricture disease is spongiofibrosis. Sonoelastography (SE) is a newer technique, tried in various other pathologies. In this study, we have used this technique for the first time to assess its efficacy in the evaluation of anterior urethral stricture disease by comparison with RUG and SUG. Between August 2014 and May 2015, 77 patients with clinical features of anterior urethral stricture disease were included in the study and evaluated by RUG followed by SUG and SE for stricture location, length, depth of spongiofibrosis and periurethral pathologies. The results were then correlated with operative and histopathological findings. Overall diagnostic accuracy of SE, SUG, and RGU for the estimation of stricture location, and length were estimated 92.68% vs. 91.54%, 79% vs. 78.87% and 80.48% vs. 43.66%, respectively, while for depth of spongiofibrosis SE, and SUG had accuracy rates of 87.3%, 48%, respectively. The mean length measured on SE was nearest to the mean intra-operative stricture length (21.34+11.8 mm). SE findings significantly correlated with the colour of bladder mucosa on cystoscopic examination (p=0.003) whereas the association was non-significant (p=0.127) for difficulty in incision. While a nonsignificant correlation existed between SUG findings related both to the colour of the bladder mucosa and difficulty in incision on cystoscopy, SE findings had a significant association (p<0.001) with histopathology findings for severe degree of fibrosis. Sonoelastography estimates stricture site and length better in comparison with RUG and SUG. It estimates degree of spongiofibrosis which serves as an important prognostic factor for stricture recurrence more accurately than SUG.
27274893	14	30	sonoelastography	T060	C1955929
27274893	36	53	sonourethrography	T060	C0581495
27274893	58	82	retrograde urethrography	T060	C0845989
27274893	90	100	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27274893	104	108	male	T032	C0086582
27274893	109	137	anterior urethral strictures	T190	C1720814
27274893	138	162	Retrograde urethrography	T060	C0845989
27274893	164	167	RUG	T060	C0845989
27274893	202	218	imaging modality	T169	C1275506
27274893	223	230	imaging	T060	C0011923
27274893	238	266	anterior urethral strictures	T190	C1720814
27274893	290	301	limitations	T169	C0449295
27274893	321	338	Sonourethrography	T060	C0581495
27274893	340	343	SUG	T060	C0581495
27274893	371	379	overcome	T052	C2983310
27274893	384	395	limitations	T169	C0449295
27274893	399	402	RUG	T060	C0845989
27274893	423	439	accurate results	T080	C0598285
27274893	464	480	imaging modality	T169	C1275506
27274893	503	525	planning the treatment	T170	C0599880
27274893	600	610	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27274893	614	631	stricture disease	T047	C0041974
27274893	635	650	spongiofibrosis	T046	C0016059
27274893	652	668	Sonoelastography	T060	C1955929
27274893	670	672	SE	T060	C1955929
27274893	679	694	newer technique	T062	C1519842
27274893	719	730	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27274893	808	816	efficacy	T080	C2348251
27274893	838	873	anterior urethral stricture disease	T190	C1720814
27274893	893	896	RUG	T060	C0845989
27274893	901	904	SUG	T060	C0581495
27274893	943	951	patients	T101	C0030705
27274893	978	1013	anterior urethral stricture disease	T190	C1720814
27274893	1058	1061	RUG	T060	C0845989
27274893	1074	1077	SUG	T060	C0581495
27274893	1082	1084	SE	T060	C1955929
27274893	1089	1098	stricture	T047	C1389955
27274893	1099	1107	location	T082	C0450429
27274893	1109	1115	length	T081	C1444754
27274893	1117	1122	depth	T201	C1827571
27274893	1126	1141	spongiofibrosis	T046	C0016059
27274893	1146	1158	periurethral	T029	C3828581
27274893	1159	1170	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27274893	1224	1250	histopathological findings	T169	C0243140
27274893	1260	1279	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
27274893	1283	1285	SE	T060	C1955929
27274893	1287	1290	SUG	T060	C0581495
27274893	1296	1299	RGU	T060	C0845989
27274893	1322	1331	stricture	T047	C1389955
27274893	1332	1340	location	T082	C0450429
27274893	1346	1352	length	T081	C1444754
27274893	1449	1454	depth	T201	C1827571
27274893	1458	1473	spongiofibrosis	T046	C0016059
27274893	1474	1476	SE	T060	C1955929
27274893	1482	1485	SUG	T060	C0581495
27274893	1490	1504	accuracy rates	T080	C0443131
27274893	1562	1564	SE	T060	C1955929
27274893	1589	1604	intra-operative	T079	C0456904
27274893	1605	1614	stricture	T047	C1389955
27274893	1615	1621	length	T081	C1444754
27274893	1639	1641	SE	T060	C1955929
27274893	1685	1709	colour of bladder mucosa	T033	C0475705
27274893	1713	1736	cystoscopic examination	T060	C0401483
27274893	1819	1827	incision	T061	C0184898
27274893	1880	1883	SUG	T060	C0581495
27274893	1913	1941	colour of the bladder mucosa	T033	C0475705
27274893	1960	1968	incision	T061	C0184898
27274893	1972	1982	cystoscopy	T060	C0010702
27274893	1984	1986	SE	T060	C1955929
27274893	2041	2064	histopathology findings	T169	C0243140
27274893	2076	2094	degree of fibrosis	T060	C4285457
27274893	2096	2112	Sonoelastography	T060	C1955929
27274893	2123	2148	stricture site and length	T082	C1254362
27274893	2175	2178	RUG	T060	C0845989
27274893	2183	2186	SUG	T060	C0581495
27274893	2211	2226	spongiofibrosis	T046	C0016059
27274893	2256	2273	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
27274893	2278	2298	stricture recurrence	T067	C0034897
27274893	2304	2314	accurately	T080	C0443131
27274893	2320	2323	SUG	T060	C0581495

27275025|t|Phytoplankton production and taxon - specific growth rates in the Costa Rica Dome
27275025|a|During summer 2010, we investigated phytoplankton production and growth rates at 19 stations in the eastern tropical Pacific, where winds and strong opposing currents generate the Costa Rica Dome (CRD), an open - ocean upwelling feature. Primary production ((14)C - incorporation) and group-specific growth and net growth rates (two-treatment seawater dilution method) were estimated from samples incubated in situ at eight depths. Our cruise coincided with a mild El Niño event, and only weak upwelling was observed in the CRD. Nevertheless, the highest phytoplankton abundances were found near the dome center. However, mixed-layer growth rates were lowest in the dome center (∼0.5-0.9 day(-1)), but higher on the edge of the dome (∼0.9-1.0 day(-1)) and in adjacent coastal waters (0.9-1.3 day(-1)). We found good agreement between independent methods to estimate growth rates. Mixed-layer growth rates of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were largely balanced by mortality, whereas eukaryotic phytoplankton showed positive net growth (∼0.5-0.6 day(-1)), that is, growth available to support larger (mesozooplankton) consumer biomass. These are the first group-specific phytoplankton rate estimates in this region, and they demonstrate that integrated primary production is high, exceeding 1 g C m(-2) day(-1) on average, even during a period of reduced upwelling.
27275025	0	13	Phytoplankton	T002	C0031865
27275025	14	24	production	T169	C1522492
27275025	29	34	taxon	T077	C1515221
27275025	37	45	specific	T080	C0205369
27275025	46	58	growth rates	T079	C0449249
27275025	66	81	Costa Rica Dome	T083	C0010182
27275025	89	95	summer	T079	C0241301
27275025	105	117	investigated	T169	C1292732
27275025	118	131	phytoplankton	T002	C0031865
27275025	132	142	production	T169	C1522492
27275025	147	159	growth rates	T079	C0449249
27275025	166	206	stations in the eastern tropical Pacific	UnknownType	C0681784
27275025	214	219	winds	T070	C0043187
27275025	224	230	strong	T080	C0442821
27275025	231	248	opposing currents	T070	C1254365
27275025	249	257	generate	T052	C3146294
27275025	262	277	Costa Rica Dome	T083	C0010182
27275025	279	282	CRD	T083	C0010182
27275025	288	292	open	T082	C0175566
27275025	295	300	ocean	T083	C0028814
27275025	301	318	upwelling feature	T070	C1254365
27275025	320	327	Primary	T080	C0205225
27275025	328	338	production	T169	C1522492
27275025	340	345	(14)C	T130,T196	C0302945
27275025	348	361	incorporation	T169	C0243126
27275025	367	381	group-specific	T078	C3858709
27275025	382	388	growth	T040	C0597252
27275025	393	409	net growth rates	T079	C0449249
27275025	411	424	two-treatment	T169	C1522326
27275025	425	433	seawater	T167	C0036499
27275025	434	449	dilution method	T059	C0079240
27275025	456	465	estimated	T081	C0750572
27275025	471	478	samples	T002	C0032098
27275025	479	488	incubated	T059	C1439852
27275025	489	496	in situ	T082	C0444498
27275025	506	512	depths	T082	C0205125
27275025	542	546	mild	T080	C2945599
27275025	547	554	El Niño	T070	C2936615
27275025	555	560	event	T051	C0441471
27275025	566	570	only	T081	C0205171
27275025	571	575	weak	T080	C1762617
27275025	576	585	upwelling	T070	C1254365
27275025	590	598	observed	T169	C1441672
27275025	606	609	CRD	T083	C0010182
27275025	629	636	highest	T080	C1522410
27275025	637	650	phytoplankton	T002	C0031865
27275025	651	661	abundances	T080	C2346714
27275025	682	686	dome	UnknownType	C0681784
27275025	687	693	center	T082	C0205099
27275025	704	715	mixed-layer	T082	C1883067
27275025	716	728	growth rates	T079	C0449249
27275025	734	740	lowest	T080	C1708760
27275025	748	752	dome	UnknownType	C0681784
27275025	753	759	center	T082	C0205099
27275025	784	790	higher	T080	C0205250
27275025	798	802	edge	T082	C1254362
27275025	810	814	dome	UnknownType	C0681784
27275025	841	849	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27275025	850	864	coastal waters	T083	C0442542
27275025	893	897	good	T080	C0205170
27275025	898	907	agreement	T080	C0332529
27275025	916	927	independent	T078	C0085862
27275025	928	947	methods to estimate	T081	C2825570
27275025	948	960	growth rates	T079	C0449249
27275025	962	973	Mixed-layer	T082	C1883067
27275025	974	986	growth rates	T079	C0449249
27275025	990	1005	Prochlorococcus	T007	C0995582
27275025	1010	1023	Synechococcus	T007	C0995533
27275025	1049	1058	mortality	T081	C0205848
27275025	1068	1092	eukaryotic phytoplankton	T002	C0031865
27275025	1100	1108	positive	T033	C1446409
27275025	1109	1119	net growth	T040	C0018270
27275025	1149	1155	growth	T040	C0597252
27275025	1156	1165	available	T169	C0470187
27275025	1177	1183	larger	T081	C0549177
27275025	1185	1200	mesozooplankton	T204	C0043530
27275025	1202	1210	consumer	T080	C0205556
27275025	1211	1218	biomass	T081	C0005535
27275025	1234	1239	first	T080	C1279901
27275025	1240	1254	group-specific	T078	C3858709
27275025	1255	1268	phytoplankton	T002	C0031865
27275025	1269	1273	rate	T081	C1521828
27275025	1274	1283	estimates	T081	C0750572
27275025	1292	1298	region	T083	C0017446
27275025	1337	1344	primary	T080	C0205225
27275025	1345	1355	production	T169	C1522492
27275025	1359	1363	high	T080	C0205250
27275025	1398	1405	average	T081	C1510992
27275025	1421	1427	period	T079	C1948053
27275025	1431	1438	reduced	T080	C0392756
27275025	1439	1448	upwelling	T070	C1254365

27275298|t|Incidence and Impact of Patient - Prosthesis Mismatch in Isolated Aortic Valve Surgery
27275298|a|The mains topics of this work are the incidence of patient - prosthesis mismatch and the influence in the early results of isolated aortic valve surgery. In 193 patients isolated aortic valve surgery was performed. The study population was divided in three subgroups: 20 patients with severe, 131 patients with moderate and 42 patients without patient - prosthesis mismatch. The indexed effective orifice area was used to define the subgroups. Operative mortality and perioperative complications were considered the indicators of the early results of aortic valve surgery. The incidence of severe and moderate patient - prosthesis mismatch was respectively 10.3% and 67.8%. Hospital mortality and perioperative complications were: mortality 5% vs. 3.1% vs. 2.4% (p = 0.855), low cardiac output 5% vs. 6.9% vs. 4.8% (p = 0.861); pulmonary complications 5% vs. 3.1 vs. 0.0% (p = 0.430); exploration for bleeding 5% vs. 0.8% vs. 2.4% (p = 0.319); atrial fibrillation 30% vs. 19.8% vs. 11.9% (p = 0.225); wound infection 5% vs. 0.8% vs. 0.00% (p = 0.165), respectively for the group with severe, moderate and without patient - prosthesis mismatch. Patient - prosthesis mismatch is a common occurrence in aortic valve surgery. This phenomenon does not affect the early results of aortic valve surgery.
27275298	0	9	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27275298	14	20	Impact	T080	C4049986
27275298	24	31	Patient	T101	C0030705
27275298	34	44	Prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27275298	45	53	Mismatch	T080	C1881865
27275298	57	86	Isolated Aortic Valve Surgery	T061	C0003506
27275298	125	134	incidence	T081	C0021149
27275298	138	145	patient	T101	C0030705
27275298	148	158	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27275298	159	167	mismatch	T080	C1881865
27275298	176	185	influence	T077	C4054723
27275298	193	198	early	T079	C1279919
27275298	199	206	results	T169	C1274040
27275298	210	239	isolated aortic valve surgery	T061	C0003506
27275298	248	256	patients	T101	C0030705
27275298	257	286	isolated aortic valve surgery	T061	C0003506
27275298	291	300	performed	T169	C0884358
27275298	306	322	study population	T098	C2348561
27275298	327	334	divided	T169	C0332849
27275298	344	353	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27275298	358	366	patients	T101	C0030705
27275298	372	378	severe	T080	C0205082
27275298	384	392	patients	T101	C0030705
27275298	398	406	moderate	T080	C0205081
27275298	414	422	patients	T101	C0030705
27275298	423	430	without	T080	C0332288
27275298	431	438	patient	T101	C0030705
27275298	441	451	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27275298	452	460	mismatch	T080	C1881865
27275298	466	473	indexed	T170	C0918012
27275298	474	496	effective orifice area	T201	C4267733
27275298	501	505	used	T169	C1524063
27275298	520	529	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27275298	531	540	Operative	T079	C1882154
27275298	541	550	mortality	T081	C0205848
27275298	555	582	perioperative complications	T046	C0021890
27275298	588	598	considered	T078	C0750591
27275298	603	616	indicators of	T078	C0392360
27275298	621	626	early	T079	C1279919
27275298	627	634	results	T169	C1274040
27275298	638	658	aortic valve surgery	T061	C0003506
27275298	664	673	incidence	T081	C0021149
27275298	677	683	severe	T080	C0205082
27275298	688	696	moderate	T080	C0205081
27275298	697	704	patient	T101	C0030705
27275298	707	717	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27275298	718	726	mismatch	T080	C1881865
27275298	761	779	Hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
27275298	784	811	perioperative complications	T046	C0021890
27275298	818	827	mortality	T080	C0085556
27275298	862	880	low cardiac output	T033	C0007166
27275298	915	938	pulmonary complications	T046	C0281169
27275298	972	983	exploration	T061	C1280903
27275298	988	996	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27275298	1031	1050	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27275298	1088	1103	wound infection	T046	C0043241
27275298	1160	1165	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27275298	1171	1177	severe	T080	C0205082
27275298	1179	1187	moderate	T080	C0205081
27275298	1192	1199	without	T080	C0332288
27275298	1200	1207	patient	T101	C0030705
27275298	1210	1220	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27275298	1221	1229	mismatch	T080	C1881865
27275298	1231	1238	Patient	T101	C0030705
27275298	1241	1251	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27275298	1252	1260	mismatch	T080	C1881865
27275298	1266	1272	common	T081	C0205214
27275298	1273	1283	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27275298	1287	1307	aortic valve surgery	T061	C0003506
27275298	1314	1324	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27275298	1325	1333	does not	T080	C1299585
27275298	1334	1340	affect	T080	C1280500
27275298	1345	1350	early	T079	C1279919
27275298	1351	1358	results	T169	C1274040
27275298	1362	1382	aortic valve surgery	T061	C0003506

27275827|t|Nutrient Intakes in Early Life and Risk of Obesity
27275827|a|There is increasing evidence that environmental factors in early life predict later health. The early adiposity rebound recorded in most obese subjects suggests that factors promoting body fat development have operated in the first years of life. Birth weight, growth velocity and body mass index (BMI) trajectories seem to be highly sensitive to the environmental conditions present during pregnancy and in early life ("The first 1000 days "). Particularly, nutritional exposure can have a long-term effect on health in adulthood. The high protein-low fat diet often recorded in young children may have contributed to the rapid rise of childhood obesity prevalence during the last decades. Metabolic programming by early nutrition could explain the development of later obesity and adult diseases.
27275827	0	16	Nutrient Intakes	T081	C0006777
27275827	20	25	Early	T079	C1279919
27275827	26	30	Life	T078	C0376558
27275827	35	42	Risk of	T078	C0035647
27275827	43	50	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27275827	60	70	increasing	T169	C0442808
27275827	71	79	evidence	T078	C3887511
27275827	85	106	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
27275827	110	115	early	T079	C1279919
27275827	116	120	life	T078	C0376558
27275827	129	134	later	T079	C0205087
27275827	135	141	health	T078	C0018684
27275827	147	152	early	T079	C1279919
27275827	153	170	adiposity rebound	T080	C0205556
27275827	188	193	obese	T047	C0028754
27275827	194	202	subjects	T098	C2349001
27275827	217	224	factors	T169	C1521761
27275827	225	234	promoting	T052	C0033414
27275827	235	243	body fat	T201	C0344335
27275827	244	255	development	T039	C0243107
27275827	283	288	years	T079	C0439234
27275827	292	296	life	T078	C0376558
27275827	298	310	Birth weight	T032	C0005612
27275827	312	327	growth velocity	T033	C2012658
27275827	332	347	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27275827	349	352	BMI	T201	C1305855
27275827	378	394	highly sensitive	T080	C0439822
27275827	402	415	environmental	T082	C0014406
27275827	416	426	conditions	T080	C0348080
27275827	427	434	present	T033	C0150312
27275827	435	441	during	T079	C0347984
27275827	442	451	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27275827	459	464	early	T079	C1279919
27275827	465	469	life	T078	C0376558
27275827	487	491	days	T079	C0439228
27275827	510	521	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27275827	522	530	exposure	T080	C0332157
27275827	542	558	long-term effect	T067	C0023983
27275827	562	568	health	T078	C0018684
27275827	572	581	adulthood	T079	C0700597
27275827	587	612	high protein-low fat diet	T168	C0012155
27275827	631	636	young	T079	C0332239
27275827	637	645	children	T100	C0008059
27275827	674	679	rapid	T080	C0456962
27275827	688	697	childhood	T079	C0231335
27275827	698	705	obesity	T047	C0028754
27275827	706	716	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27275827	717	723	during	T079	C0347984
27275827	733	740	decades	T081	C2981279
27275827	742	751	Metabolic	T169	C0311400
27275827	752	763	programming	T090	C1518533
27275827	767	772	early	T079	C1279919
27275827	773	782	nutrition	T040	C1442959
27275827	801	812	development	T039	C0243107
27275827	816	821	later	T079	C0205087
27275827	822	829	obesity	T047	C0028754
27275827	834	848	adult diseases	T047	C0277562

27275849|t|Characteristics of the fibroplasia and collagen expression in the abdominal wall after implant of the polypropylene mesh and polypropylene / polyglecaprone mesh in rats
27275849|a|To compare fibroplasia and the resistance of the abdominal wall when polypropylene meshes and polypropylene / poliglecaprone are used. Seventy-seven male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: Control Group (for resistance); Group E (polypropylene mesh); and Group U (polypropylene / poliglecaprone mesh). The animals in Groups E and U had a standard muscular and aponeurotic defect, with integral peritoneum, and correction with the mesh. Measurements were taken 4, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days after surgery. The resistance, and collagen density were studied. Resistance on the 56th day was similar in both meshes. The gain in resistance described an ascending curve for the polypropylene mesh and was irregular in the case of the polypropylene / poliglecaprone. Fibroplasia showed a gain in type I and type III collagen in both groups (p<0.001). Collagen III stabilized in the 14th day and collagen I continued to ascend. The gain in resistance of the polypropylene mesh is regular and ascending, whereas the polypropylene / poliglecaprone is not regular. The final resistance of both meshes is similar; the collagen density increases over time, and show the same inflammatory potential.
27275849	0	15	Characteristics	T080	C1521970
27275849	23	34	fibroplasia	T067	C4049604
27275849	39	47	collagen	T116	C0009325
27275849	48	58	expression	T045	C1171362
27275849	66	80	abdominal wall	T023	C0836916
27275849	87	94	implant	T061	C0021107
27275849	102	120	polypropylene mesh	T109,T122	C1321585
27275849	125	138	polypropylene	T109,T122	C1321585
27275849	141	160	polyglecaprone mesh	T109,T122	C0381199
27275849	164	168	rats	T015	C0034693
27275849	180	191	fibroplasia	T067	C4049604
27275849	200	210	resistance	T039	C1514892
27275849	218	232	abdominal wall	T023	C0836916
27275849	238	258	polypropylene meshes	T109,T122	C1321585
27275849	263	276	polypropylene	T109,T122	C1321585
27275849	279	293	poliglecaprone	T109,T122	C0381199
27275849	318	322	male	T032	C0086582
27275849	323	334	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27275849	359	365	groups	T098	C2348561
27275849	367	380	Control Group	T096	C0009932
27275849	386	396	resistance	T039	C1514892
27275849	399	406	Group E	T098	C2348561
27275849	408	426	polypropylene mesh	T109,T122	C1321585
27275849	433	440	Group U	T098	C2348561
27275849	442	455	polypropylene	T109,T122	C1321585
27275849	458	477	poliglecaprone mesh	T109,T122	C0381199
27275849	484	491	animals	T008	C0003062
27275849	495	503	Groups E	T098	C2348561
27275849	508	509	U	T098	C2348561
27275849	525	533	muscular	T024	C0026845
27275849	538	549	aponeurotic	T029	C0521343
27275849	550	556	defect	T169	C1457869
27275849	563	571	integral	T082	C0205102
27275849	572	582	peritoneum	T024	C0031153
27275849	588	598	correction	T169	C1947976
27275849	608	612	mesh	T074	C0038930
27275849	658	662	days	T079	C0439228
27275849	669	676	surgery	T061	C0543467
27275849	682	692	resistance	T039	C1514892
27275849	698	706	collagen	T116	C0009325
27275849	707	714	density	T081	C0178587
27275849	720	727	studied	T062	C2603343
27275849	729	739	Resistance	T039	C1514892
27275849	752	755	day	T079	C0439228
27275849	776	782	meshes	T074	C0038930
27275849	788	792	gain	T081	C1517378
27275849	796	806	resistance	T039	C1514892
27275849	820	829	ascending	T169	C1962987
27275849	830	835	curve	T082	C0205134
27275849	844	862	polypropylene mesh	T109,T122	C1321585
27275849	871	880	irregular	T080	C0205271
27275849	900	913	polypropylene	T109,T122	C1321585
27275849	916	930	poliglecaprone	T109,T122	C0381199
27275849	932	943	Fibroplasia	T067	C4049604
27275849	953	957	gain	T081	C1517378
27275849	961	967	type I	T116,T123	C0041455
27275849	972	989	type III collagen	T116,T123	C0009332
27275849	998	1004	groups	T098	C2348561
27275849	1016	1028	Collagen III	T116,T123	C0009332
27275849	1029	1039	stabilized	T033	C0184512
27275849	1052	1055	day	T079	C0439228
27275849	1060	1070	collagen I	T116,T123	C0041455
27275849	1084	1090	ascend	T169	C1962987
27275849	1096	1100	gain	T081	C1517378
27275849	1104	1114	resistance	T039	C1514892
27275849	1122	1140	polypropylene mesh	T109,T122	C1321585
27275849	1156	1165	ascending	T169	C1962987
27275849	1179	1192	polypropylene	T109,T122	C1321585
27275849	1195	1209	poliglecaprone	T109,T122	C0381199
27275849	1236	1246	resistance	T039	C1514892
27275849	1255	1261	meshes	T074	C0038930
27275849	1278	1286	collagen	T116	C0009325
27275849	1287	1294	density	T081	C0178587
27275849	1334	1346	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27275849	1347	1356	potential	T080	C3245505

27277750|t|Co-delivery of pemetrexed and miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide by lipid - polymer hybrid nanoparticles and effects on glioblastoma cells
27277750|a|Combination therapy using anticancer drugs and nucleic acid is a more promising strategy to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer and to enhance apoptosis. In this study, lipid - polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs), which contain both pemetrexed and miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide (anti-miR-21), have been developed for treatment of glioblastoma, the most aggressive type of brain tumor. Prepared LPNs have been well characterized by particle size distribution and zeta potential measurements, determination of encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release experiments. Morphology of LPNs was determined by transmission electron microscopy. LPNs had a hydrodynamic size below 100 nm and exhibited sustained release of pemetrexed up to 10 h. Encapsulation of pemetrexed in LPNs increased cellular uptake from 6% to 78%. Results of confocal microscopy analysis have shown that co-delivery of anti-miR-21 significantly improved accumulation of LPNs in the nucleus of U87MG cells. Nevertheless, more effective cytotoxicity results could not be obtained due to low concentration of anti-miR-21, loaded in LPNs. We expect that the effective drug delivery systems can be obtained with higher concentration of anti-miR-21 for the treatment of glioblastoma.
27277750	0	11	Co-delivery	T169	C1705822
27277750	15	25	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27277750	30	62	miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
27277750	66	71	lipid	T109	C0023779
27277750	74	81	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27277750	82	102	hybrid nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27277750	107	114	effects	T080	C1280500
27277750	118	130	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
27277750	131	136	cells	T025	C0007634
27277750	137	156	Combination therapy	T061	C0009429
27277750	163	179	anticancer drugs	T109,T121	C0003392
27277750	184	196	nucleic acid	T114,T123	C0028606
27277750	238	258	multidrug resistance	T032	C0242640
27277750	262	268	cancer	T191	C0027651
27277750	284	293	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27277750	303	308	study	T062	C2603343
27277750	310	315	lipid	T109	C0023779
27277750	318	325	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27277750	326	346	hybrid nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27277750	348	352	LPNs	T122	C1713964
27277750	374	384	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27277750	389	421	miR-21 antisense oligonucleotide	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
27277750	423	434	anti-miR-21	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
27277750	461	470	treatment	T169	C1522326
27277750	474	486	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
27277750	497	507	aggressive	T191	C2945759
27277750	516	527	brain tumor	T191	C0006118
27277750	538	542	LPNs	T122	C1713964
27277750	575	588	particle size	T081	C0030608
27277750	589	601	distribution	T169	C1704711
27277750	606	620	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
27277750	621	633	measurements	T169	C0242485
27277750	652	665	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
27277750	666	676	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27277750	682	690	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27277750	691	710	release experiments	T062	C0681814
27277750	712	722	Morphology	T080	C0332437
27277750	726	730	LPNs	T122	C1713964
27277750	749	781	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
27277750	783	787	LPNs	T122	C1713964
27277750	794	806	hydrodynamic	T070	C2936194
27277750	807	811	size	T082	C0456389
27277750	839	856	sustained release	T169	C0391871
27277750	860	870	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27277750	883	896	Encapsulation	T067	C2348438
27277750	900	910	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27277750	914	918	LPNs	T122	C1713964
27277750	929	944	cellular uptake	T043	C0007613
27277750	972	1000	confocal microscopy analysis	T059	C0242842
27277750	1017	1028	co-delivery	T169	C1705822
27277750	1032	1043	anti-miR-21	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
27277750	1067	1079	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27277750	1083	1087	LPNs	T122	C1713964
27277750	1095	1102	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27277750	1106	1117	U87MG cells	T025	C0007634
27277750	1148	1160	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27277750	1161	1168	results	T169	C1274040
27277750	1202	1215	concentration	UnknownType	C0678563
27277750	1219	1230	anti-miR-21	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
27277750	1242	1246	LPNs	T122	C1713964
27277750	1277	1298	drug delivery systems	T074	C0085104
27277750	1327	1340	concentration	UnknownType	C0678563
27277750	1344	1355	anti-miR-21	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
27277750	1364	1373	treatment	T061	C0087111
27277750	1377	1389	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636

27278134|t|Expert position paper on prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy in secondary prevention following myocardial infarction
27278134|a|The protective effect of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following acute coronary syndrome is undisputed, but its duration is subject of debate. Several studies show that prolonged therapy provides a clinical benefit in patients following acute coronary syndrome. The aim of this position paper authored by Austrian experts is to outline the current evidence and provide an overview of recent studies. It is also intended to serve as a practical guide to identify those patients who may benefit from prolonged DAPT.
27278134	0	6	Expert	T097	C1522486
27278134	7	21	position paper	T170	C0282574
27278134	25	34	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27278134	35	60	dual antiplatelet therapy	T061	C1096021
27278134	64	84	secondary prevention	T061	C0679699
27278134	95	116	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27278134	121	138	protective effect	T080	C1280500
27278134	142	167	dual antiplatelet therapy	T061	C1096021
27278134	169	173	DAPT	T061	C1096021
27278134	185	208	acute coronary syndrome	T047	C0948089
27278134	232	240	duration	T079	C0449238
27278134	255	261	debate	T052	C0870392
27278134	271	278	studies	T062	C2603343
27278134	289	298	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27278134	299	306	therapy	T061	C0087111
27278134	318	326	clinical	T080	C0205210
27278134	327	334	benefit	T081	C0814225
27278134	338	346	patients	T101	C0030705
27278134	357	380	acute coronary syndrome	T047	C0948089
27278134	398	412	position paper	T170	C0282574
27278134	425	433	Austrian	T098	C0337795
27278134	434	441	experts	T097	C1522486
27278134	460	467	current	T079	C0521116
27278134	468	476	evidence	T078	C3887511
27278134	511	518	studies	T062	C2603343
27278134	554	569	practical guide	T170	C0681467
27278134	588	596	patients	T101	C0030705
27278134	605	612	benefit	T081	C0814225
27278134	618	627	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27278134	628	632	DAPT	T061	C1096021

27279849|t|Clinical evaluation of the AutoPulse automated chest compression device for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the northern district of Shanghai, China
27279849|a|Whether the AutoPulse automated chest compression device is worthy of clinical use for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains controversial. A prospective controlled study was conducted to evaluate the effect of AutoPulse versus manual chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of OHCA patients in the northern district of Shanghai, China. A total of 133 patients with OHCA who were treated at the Emergency Medical Center of the Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University between March 2011 and March 2012 were included. The patients were randomly assigned to the Manual CPR (n = 64) and AutoPulse CPR groups (n = 69) in accordance with the approach of chest compression received. The primary outcome measure was return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and the secondary outcome measures included 24-h survival rate, hospital discharge rate, and neurological prognosis at hospital discharge. The ROSC rate of patients with OHCA was significantly higher in the AutoPulse CPR group than in the Manual CPR group (44.9% vs. 23.4%; p = 0.009). The 24-h survival rate of OHCA patients was significantly higher in the AutoPulse CPR group than in the Manual CPR group (39.1% vs. 21.9%; p = 0.03). The hospital discharge rate of the patients with OHCA was significantly higher in the AutoPulse CPR group than in the Manual CPR group (18.8% vs. 6.3%; p = 0.03). The proportion of patients with OHCA and a cerebral performance category score of 1 or 2 points at hospital discharge was higher in the AutoPulse CPR group than in the Manual CPR group, but the difference was not statistically significant (16.2% vs. 13.4%, p = 1.00). Use of the AutoPulse increases CPR success and survival rates in patients with OHCA, but its ability to improve cerebral performance requires further evaluation.
27279849	0	19	Clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
27279849	27	36	AutoPulse	T074	C0183001
27279849	37	71	automated chest compression device	T074	C0183001
27279849	76	106	out-of-hospital cardiac arrest	T046	C2936490
27279849	114	122	northern	T082	C1709269
27279849	135	143	Shanghai	T083	C0017446
27279849	145	150	China	T083	C0008115
27279849	163	172	AutoPulse	T074	C0183001
27279849	173	207	automated chest compression device	T074	C0183001
27279849	221	229	clinical	T080	C0205210
27279849	230	233	use	T169	C0457083
27279849	238	268	out-of-hospital cardiac arrest	T046	C2936490
27279849	270	274	OHCA	T046	C2936490
27279849	301	329	prospective controlled study	T062	C0033522
27279849	347	355	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27279849	360	369	effect of	T080	C1704420
27279849	370	379	AutoPulse	T074	C0183001
27279849	387	393	manual	T169	C0175674
27279849	394	399	chest	T029	C0817096
27279849	400	411	compression	T061	C0565514
27279849	416	445	cardiopulmonary resuscitation	T061	C0007203
27279849	447	450	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	455	459	OHCA	T046	C2936490
27279849	460	468	patients	T101	C0030705
27279849	476	484	northern	T082	C1709269
27279849	497	505	Shanghai	T083	C0017446
27279849	507	512	China	T083	C0008115
27279849	529	537	patients	T101	C0030705
27279849	543	547	OHCA	T046	C2936490
27279849	557	564	treated	T169	C1522326
27279849	572	627	Emergency Medical Center of the Tenth People's Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27279849	628	638	Affiliated	T080	C1510826
27279849	644	661	Tongji University	T073,T093	C0020028
27279849	715	723	patients	T101	C0030705
27279849	729	737	randomly	T080	C0439605
27279849	738	746	assigned	T169	C1516050
27279849	754	760	Manual	T169	C0175674
27279849	761	764	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	778	787	AutoPulse	T074	C0183001
27279849	788	791	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	792	798	groups	T078	C0441833
27279849	808	826	in accordance with	T169	C4281991
27279849	843	848	chest	T029	C0817096
27279849	849	860	compression	T061	C0565514
27279849	861	869	received	T080	C1514756
27279849	875	882	primary	T080	C0205225
27279849	883	898	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
27279849	903	936	return of spontaneous circulation	T033	C3258122
27279849	938	942	ROSC	T033	C3258122
27279849	953	962	secondary	T081	C0205436
27279849	963	979	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27279849	994	1007	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27279849	1009	1032	hospital discharge rate	T081	C0598611
27279849	1038	1050	neurological	T080	C0205494
27279849	1051	1060	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27279849	1064	1082	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
27279849	1088	1092	ROSC	T033	C3258122
27279849	1093	1097	rate	T081	C1521828
27279849	1101	1109	patients	T101	C0030705
27279849	1115	1119	OHCA	T046	C2936490
27279849	1124	1144	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27279849	1152	1161	AutoPulse	T074	C0183001
27279849	1162	1165	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	1166	1171	group	T078	C0441833
27279849	1184	1190	Manual	T169	C0175674
27279849	1191	1194	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	1195	1200	group	T078	C0441833
27279849	1240	1253	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27279849	1257	1261	OHCA	T046	C2936490
27279849	1262	1270	patients	T101	C0030705
27279849	1275	1295	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27279849	1303	1312	AutoPulse	T074	C0183001
27279849	1313	1316	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	1317	1322	group	T078	C0441833
27279849	1335	1341	Manual	T169	C0175674
27279849	1342	1345	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	1346	1351	group	T078	C0441833
27279849	1385	1408	hospital discharge rate	T081	C0598611
27279849	1416	1424	patients	T101	C0030705
27279849	1430	1434	OHCA	T046	C2936490
27279849	1439	1459	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27279849	1467	1476	AutoPulse	T074	C0183001
27279849	1477	1480	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	1481	1486	group	T078	C0441833
27279849	1499	1505	Manual	T169	C0175674
27279849	1506	1509	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	1510	1515	group	T078	C0441833
27279849	1548	1558	proportion	T081	C1709707
27279849	1562	1570	patients	T101	C0030705
27279849	1576	1580	OHCA	T046	C2936490
27279849	1587	1622	cerebral performance category score	T081	C0449820
27279849	1643	1661	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
27279849	1666	1672	higher	T080	C0205250
27279849	1680	1689	AutoPulse	T074	C0183001
27279849	1690	1693	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	1694	1699	group	T078	C0441833
27279849	1712	1718	Manual	T169	C0175674
27279849	1719	1722	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	1723	1728	group	T078	C0441833
27279849	1738	1748	difference	T081	C1705241
27279849	1753	1756	not	T169	C1518422
27279849	1757	1782	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27279849	1812	1815	Use	T169	C0457083
27279849	1823	1832	AutoPulse	T074	C0183001
27279849	1833	1842	increases	T081	C0205217
27279849	1843	1846	CPR	T061	C0007203
27279849	1847	1854	success	T081	C0392762
27279849	1859	1873	survival rates	T081	C0038954
27279849	1877	1885	patients	T101	C0030705
27279849	1891	1895	OHCA	T046	C2936490
27279849	1916	1923	improve	T033	C0184511
27279849	1924	1932	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27279849	1933	1944	performance	T052	C1882330
27279849	1962	1972	evaluation	T058	C0220825

27279861|t|Medulloblastoma: molecular pathways and histopathological classification
27279861|a|Malignant brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer death among pediatric patients, and medulloblastoma constitutes 20% of them. Currently, the treatment is risk-adapted. Maximum surgical resection is recommended, always followed by chemotherapy and neuroaxis radiotherapy. In spite of the improving survival rate, survivors succumb to treatment - induced side effects. To reduce toxic effects, molecular-targeted treatment is proposed. Medulloblastoma research is very robust, and new articles on the subject are published daily. In the current review we have tried to bring together molecular pathophysiology of the neoplasm and current pathological classification, thus making an effort to relate tumor biology and the histological picture.
27279861	0	15	Medulloblastoma	T191	C0025149
27279861	17	35	molecular pathways	T044	C1704259
27279861	40	57	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27279861	58	72	classification	T185	C0008902
27279861	73	95	Malignant brain tumors	T191	C0153633
27279861	104	111	leading	T169	C1522538
27279861	112	117	cause	T169	C0015127
27279861	121	127	cancer	T191	C0006826
27279861	128	133	death	T033	C1306577
27279861	140	149	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27279861	150	158	patients	T101	C0030705
27279861	164	179	medulloblastoma	T191	C0025149
27279861	220	229	treatment	T061	C0087111
27279861	255	273	surgical resection	T061	C0015252
27279861	277	288	recommended	T078	C0034866
27279861	309	321	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27279861	326	335	neuroaxis	T022	C3714787
27279861	336	348	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27279861	366	375	improving	T080	C1272745
27279861	376	389	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27279861	391	400	survivors	T101	C0206194
27279861	412	421	treatment	T061	C0087111
27279861	424	431	induced	T169	C0205263
27279861	432	444	side effects	T046	C0879626
27279861	449	455	reduce	T080	C0392756
27279861	456	469	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
27279861	471	499	molecular-targeted treatment	T061	C2699893
27279861	513	528	Medulloblastoma	T191	C0025149
27279861	529	537	research	T062	C0035168
27279861	546	552	robust	T080	C2986815
27279861	562	570	articles	T170	C1706852
27279861	590	599	published	T057	C0034037
27279861	622	628	review	T170	C0282443
27279861	661	670	molecular	T080	C1521991
27279861	671	686	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27279861	694	702	neoplasm	T191	C0027651
27279861	715	727	pathological	T169	C1521733
27279861	728	742	classification	T185	C0008902
27279861	776	789	tumor biology	T062	C1519672
27279861	798	818	histological picture	T201	C1301121

27279981|t|Expression of the Mir-133 and Bcl-2 could be affected by swimming training in the heart of ovariectomized rats
27279981|a|The beneficial and more potent role of exercise to prevent heart apoptosis in ovariectomized rats has been known. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of swimming training on cardiac expression of Bcl-2, and Mir-133 levels and glycogen changes in the myocyte. Forty animals were separated into four groups as control, sham, ovariectomy (OVX) and ovariectomized group with 8 weeks swimming training (OVX.E). Training effects were evaluated by measuring lipid profiles, Bcl-2 and Mir-133 expression levels in the cardiac tissue. Grafts were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for Bcl-2 mRNA and Mir-133 and by Western blot for Bcl-2 protein. Ovariectomy down-regulated Bcl-2 and Mir-133 expression levels in the cardiac tissue, and swimming training up-regulated their expression significantly (P<0.05). Our results showed that regular exercise as a physical replacement therapy could prevent and improve the effects of estrogen deficiency in the cardia.
27279981	0	10	Expression	T045	C1171362
27279981	18	25	Mir-133	T114	C2934005
27279981	30	35	Bcl-2	T116,T123	C1528442
27279981	57	65	swimming	T056	C0039003
27279981	66	74	training	T065	C0220931
27279981	82	87	heart	T023	C0018787
27279981	91	110	ovariectomized rats	T015	C0034693
27279981	142	146	role	T077	C1705810
27279981	150	158	exercise	T056	C0015259
27279981	162	169	prevent	T080	C2700409
27279981	170	175	heart	T023	C0018787
27279981	176	185	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27279981	189	208	ovariectomized rats	T015	C0034693
27279981	266	276	effects of	T080	C1704420
27279981	277	285	swimming	T056	C0039003
27279981	286	294	training	T065	C0220931
27279981	298	305	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27279981	306	316	expression	T045	C1171362
27279981	320	325	Bcl-2	T116,T123	C1528442
27279981	331	338	Mir-133	T114	C2934005
27279981	339	345	levels	T080	C0441889
27279981	350	358	glycogen	T109,T123	C0017911
27279981	359	366	changes	T169	C0392747
27279981	374	381	myocyte	T025	C0225828
27279981	389	396	animals	T008	C0003062
27279981	422	428	groups	T078	C0441833
27279981	432	439	control	T096	C0009932
27279981	441	445	sham	T078	C0441833
27279981	447	458	ovariectomy	T078	C0441833
27279981	460	463	OVX	T078	C0441833
27279981	469	489	ovariectomized group	T078	C0441833
27279981	497	502	weeks	T079	C0439230
27279981	503	511	swimming	T056	C0039003
27279981	512	520	training	T065	C0220931
27279981	530	538	Training	T065	C0220931
27279981	539	546	effects	T080	C1280500
27279981	575	589	lipid profiles	T059	C0022885
27279981	591	596	Bcl-2	T116,T123	C1528442
27279981	601	608	Mir-133	T114	C2934005
27279981	609	626	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27279981	634	648	cardiac tissue	T024	C1272575
27279981	650	656	Grafts	T024	C0332835
27279981	674	721	reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0599161
27279981	726	736	Bcl-2 mRNA	T028	C0376515
27279981	741	748	Mir-133	T028	C2825314
27279981	756	768	Western blot	T059,T063	C0005863
27279981	773	786	Bcl-2 protein	T116,T123	C1528442
27279981	788	799	Ovariectomy	T061	C0029936
27279981	800	814	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27279981	815	820	Bcl-2	T116,T123	C1528442
27279981	825	832	Mir-133	T114	C2934005
27279981	833	850	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27279981	858	872	cardiac tissue	T024	C1272575
27279981	878	886	swimming	T056	C0039003
27279981	887	895	training	T065	C0220931
27279981	896	908	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27279981	915	925	expression	T045	C1171362
27279981	982	990	exercise	T056	C0015259
27279981	996	1024	physical replacement therapy	T061	C0279033
27279981	1031	1038	prevent	T080	C2700409
27279981	1055	1065	effects of	T080	C1704420
27279981	1066	1085	estrogen deficiency	T047	C0853662
27279981	1093	1099	cardia	T023	C0018787

27280034|t|Changes in risk factors for young male suicide in Newcastle upon Tyne, 1961-2009
27280034|a|Aims and method To ascertain differences in patterns of suicide in young men over three decades (1960s, 1990s and 2000s) and discuss implications for suicide prevention. Data on suicides and open verdicts in men aged 15-34 were obtained from coroner's records in Newcastle upon Tyne and analysed using SPSS software. Results An increase in suicide rates from the first to the second decade was followed by a fall in the third decade. This was associated with an increasing proportion of single men, those living alone, unemployment, consumption of alcohol, use of hanging, previous suicide attempt and history of treatment for mental illness. Clinical implications This study highlights the need for more interventions and focus to be given to young males in the suicide prevention area and is of high importance in the field of public health. Areas that could be tackled include reducing access to means of suicide, reducing alcohol use, support for relationship difficulties, engagement with mental health services and management of chronic illness.
27280034	0	7	Changes	T169	C0392747
27280034	11	23	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27280034	28	33	young	T079	C0332239
27280034	34	38	male	T032	C0086582
27280034	39	46	suicide	T033	C0038661
27280034	50	69	Newcastle upon Tyne	T083	C0017446
27280034	81	85	Aims	T078	C1947946
27280034	90	96	method	T170	C0025663
27280034	110	121	differences	T080	C1705242
27280034	125	144	patterns of suicide	T033	C0038661
27280034	148	153	young	T079	C0332239
27280034	154	157	men	T098	C0025266
27280034	169	176	decades	T081	C2981279
27280034	214	226	implications	T080	C0205556
27280034	231	238	suicide	T033	C0038661
27280034	239	249	prevention	T080	C2700409
27280034	251	255	Data	T078	C1511726
27280034	259	267	suicides	T033	C0038661
27280034	272	285	open verdicts	T064	C0680738
27280034	289	292	men	T098	C0025266
27280034	323	340	coroner's records	T170	C0282574
27280034	344	363	Newcastle upon Tyne	T083	C0017446
27280034	368	376	analysed	T062	C0936012
27280034	383	396	SPSS software	T073,T170	C0037585
27280034	398	405	Results	T169	C1274040
27280034	409	417	increase	T169	C0442805
27280034	421	434	suicide rates	T033	C1822575
27280034	464	470	decade	T081	C2981279
27280034	507	513	decade	T081	C2981279
27280034	524	539	associated with	T080	C0332281
27280034	543	553	increasing	T169	C0442808
27280034	554	564	proportion	T081	C1709707
27280034	568	574	single	T081	C0205171
27280034	575	578	men	T098	C0025266
27280034	586	598	living alone	T033	C0260794
27280034	600	612	unemployment	T033	C0041674
27280034	614	636	consumption of alcohol	T055	C0001948
27280034	645	652	hanging	T037	C0544691
27280034	654	662	previous	T079	C0205156
27280034	663	678	suicide attempt	T033	C0038663
27280034	683	703	history of treatment	UnknownType	C0814462
27280034	708	722	mental illness	T048	C0004936
27280034	724	732	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27280034	733	745	implications	T080	C0205556
27280034	751	756	study	T062	C2603343
27280034	786	799	interventions	T061	C0184661
27280034	804	809	focus	T041	C0589098
27280034	825	830	young	T079	C0332239
27280034	831	836	males	T032	C0086582
27280034	844	851	suicide	T033	C0038661
27280034	852	867	prevention area	T080	C2700409
27280034	901	923	field of public health	T170	C3244304
27280034	961	969	reducing	T080	C0392756
27280034	970	976	access	T082	C0444454
27280034	980	985	means	T077	C1704970
27280034	989	996	suicide	T033	C0038661
27280034	998	1006	reducing	T080	C0392756
27280034	1007	1018	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27280034	1020	1027	support	T077	C1521721
27280034	1032	1044	relationship	T080	C0439849
27280034	1045	1057	difficulties	T080	C0332218
27280034	1059	1069	engagement	T058	C3508152
27280034	1075	1097	mental health services	T058	C0025355
27280034	1102	1112	management	T058	C0376636
27280034	1116	1131	chronic illness	T047	C0008679

27280293|t|Spatio-Temporal History of HIV-1 CRF35_AD in Afghanistan and Iran
27280293|a|HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form 35_AD (CRF35_AD) has an important position in the epidemiological profile of Afghanistan and Iran. Despite the presence of this clade in Afghanistan and Iran for over a decade, our understanding of its origin and dissemination patterns is limited. In this study, we performed a Bayesian phylogeographic analysis to reconstruct the spatio-temporal dispersion pattern of this clade using eligible CRF35_AD gag and pol sequences available in the Los Alamos HIV database (432 sequences available from Iran, 16 sequences available from Afghanistan, and a single CRF35_AD -like pol sequence available from USA). Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm was implemented in BEAST v1.8.1. Between-country dispersion rates were tested with Bayesian stochastic search variable selection method and were considered significant where Bayes factor values were greater than three. The findings suggested that CRF35_AD sequences were genetically similar to parental sequences from Kenya and Uganda, and to a set of subtype A1 sequences available from Afghan refugees living in Pakistan. Our results also showed that across all phylogenies, Afghan and Iranian CRF35_AD sequences formed a monophyletic cluster (posterior clade credibility> 0.7). The divergence date of this cluster was estimated to be between 1990 and 1992. Within this cluster, a bidirectional dispersion of the virus was observed across Afghanistan and Iran. We could not clearly identify if Afghanistan or Iran first established or received this epidemic, as the root location of this cluster could not be robustly estimated. Three CRF35_AD sequences from Afghan refugees living in Pakistan nested among Afghan and Iranian CRF35_AD branches. However, the CRF35_AD -like sequence available from USA diverged independently from Kenyan subtype A1 sequences, suggesting it not to be a true CRF35_AD lineage. Potential factors contributing to viral exchange between Afghanistan and Iran could be injection drug networks and mass migration of Afghan refugees and labours to Iran, which calls for extensive preventive efforts.
27280293	0	23	Spatio-Temporal History	T062	C3494293
27280293	27	41	HIV-1 CRF35_AD	T034	C3656358
27280293	45	56	Afghanistan	T083	C0001732
27280293	61	65	Iran	T083	C0022065
27280293	66	106	HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form 35_AD	T005	C0019704
27280293	108	116	CRF35_AD	T034	C3656358
27280293	151	166	epidemiological	T091	C0014507
27280293	167	174	profile	T169	C2003903
27280293	178	189	Afghanistan	T083	C0001732
27280293	194	198	Iran	T083	C0022065
27280293	229	234	clade	T001	C0029235
27280293	238	249	Afghanistan	T083	C0001732
27280293	254	258	Iran	T083	C0022065
27280293	314	327	dissemination	T080	C0332261
27280293	379	412	Bayesian phylogeographic analysis	T081	C0242196
27280293	432	466	spatio-temporal dispersion pattern	T080	C0332261
27280293	475	480	clade	T001	C0029235
27280293	496	504	CRF35_AD	T034	C3656358
27280293	505	526	gag and pol sequences	T086	C0004793
27280293	544	554	Los Alamos	T083	C3829256
27280293	555	567	HIV database	T170	C0950132
27280293	573	582	sequences	T086	C0004793
27280293	598	602	Iran	T083	C0022065
27280293	607	616	sequences	T086	C0004793
27280293	632	643	Afghanistan	T083	C0001732
27280293	658	666	CRF35_AD	T034	C3656358
27280293	673	685	pol sequence	T086	C0004793
27280293	701	704	USA	T083	C0041703
27280293	707	750	Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm	T170	C0002045
27280293	770	782	BEAST v1.8.1	T073,T170	C0037585
27280293	834	886	Bayesian stochastic search variable selection method	T170	C0034980
27280293	925	944	Bayes factor values	T081	C1553908
27280293	998	1006	CRF35_AD	T034	C3656358
27280293	1007	1016	sequences	T086	C0004793
27280293	1045	1063	parental sequences	T086	C0004793
27280293	1069	1074	Kenya	T083	C0022558
27280293	1079	1085	Uganda	T083	C0041573
27280293	1103	1113	subtype A1	T034	C3656358
27280293	1114	1123	sequences	T086	C0004793
27280293	1139	1145	Afghan	T083	C0001732
27280293	1146	1154	refugees	T098	C0034961
27280293	1165	1173	Pakistan	T083	C0030211
27280293	1215	1226	phylogenies	T078	C0031797
27280293	1228	1234	Afghan	T083	C0001732
27280293	1239	1246	Iranian	T083	C0022065
27280293	1247	1255	CRF35_AD	T034	C3656358
27280293	1256	1265	sequences	T086	C0004793
27280293	1275	1295	monophyletic cluster	T081	C1704332
27280293	1360	1367	cluster	T081	C1704332
27280293	1423	1430	cluster	T081	C1704332
27280293	1434	1447	bidirectional	T080	C1706937
27280293	1448	1458	dispersion	T080	C0332261
27280293	1466	1471	virus	T005	C0042776
27280293	1492	1503	Afghanistan	T083	C0001732
27280293	1508	1512	Iran	T083	C0022065
27280293	1547	1558	Afghanistan	T083	C0001732
27280293	1562	1566	Iran	T083	C0022065
27280293	1602	1610	epidemic	T047	C0277548
27280293	1641	1648	cluster	T081	C1704332
27280293	1688	1696	CRF35_AD	T034	C3656358
27280293	1697	1706	sequences	T086	C0004793
27280293	1712	1718	Afghan	T083	C0001732
27280293	1719	1727	refugees	T098	C0034961
27280293	1728	1737	living in	T082	C0337646
27280293	1738	1746	Pakistan	T083	C0030211
27280293	1760	1766	Afghan	T083	C0001732
27280293	1771	1778	Iranian	T083	C0022065
27280293	1779	1787	CRF35_AD	T034	C3656358
27280293	1811	1819	CRF35_AD	T034	C3656358
27280293	1826	1834	sequence	T086	C0004793
27280293	1850	1853	USA	T083	C0041703
27280293	1882	1888	Kenyan	T083	C0022558
27280293	1889	1899	subtype A1	T034	C3656358
27280293	1900	1909	sequences	T086	C0004793
27280293	1942	1950	CRF35_AD	T034	C3656358
27280293	1960	1969	Potential	T080	C3245505
27280293	1970	1977	factors	T169	C1521761
27280293	1994	1999	viral	T005	C0042776
27280293	2017	2028	Afghanistan	T083	C0001732
27280293	2033	2037	Iran	T083	C0022065
27280293	2075	2089	mass migration	T054	C0600210
27280293	2093	2099	Afghan	T083	C0001732
27280293	2100	2108	refugees	T098	C0034961
27280293	2113	2120	labours	T055	C0022867
27280293	2124	2128	Iran	T083	C0022065
27280293	2146	2155	extensive	T080	C0205231
27280293	2156	2166	preventive	T080	C1456501

27280485|t|Hepatitis E virus in donor plasma collected in Japan
27280485|a|Human hepatitis E virus (HEV) is prevalent worldwide. Iatrogenic HEV has recently been identified based on the reports of transfusion-transmitted cases. The detection rate of HEV-RNA and seroprevalence of HEV-IgG / IgM have been regionally evaluated in Japan, and donor plasma collected in Hokkaido is currently screened by nucleic acid amplification testing. However, the detection rate of HEV-RNA in blood donors in Japan outside of Hokkaido has not been reported. A total of 620 140 qualified donor plasma samples from Japanese regions excluding Hokkaido were tested for HEV-RNA (pools of 50 or 500) between 2004 and 2014. HEV-RNA-positive plasma bags were identified, and the HEV viral load, genotype and anti-HEV immunoglobulin (Ig)G/IgM were evaluated. The detection rate of HEV-RNA (pools of 50) was 1/15 075 and higher in eastern than in western Japan. All 36 HEV-RNA-positive samples were genotype 3 with viral load ranging from <1·69 to 7·22 log10 copies/ml. Our detection rate of HEV-RNA in donor populations in Japan outside Hokkaido (1/15 075 donations) is generally lower than reported in Europe and lower than previously reported for Hokkaido (1/8173 donations). As methods varied, we cannot exclude that these differences are reflective of differing RNA detection limits. In contrast to Hokkaido where genotype 4 has been reported among blood donations, all our positive donations were genotype 3, which is less pathogenic.
27280485	0	17	Hepatitis E virus	T005	C0085294
27280485	21	26	donor	T098	C0013018
27280485	27	33	plasma	T031	C0032105
27280485	47	52	Japan	T083	C0022341
27280485	53	58	Human	T016	C0086418
27280485	59	76	hepatitis E virus	T005	C0085294
27280485	78	81	HEV	T005	C0085294
27280485	86	105	prevalent worldwide	T033	C0243095
27280485	107	117	Iatrogenic	T080	C0439669
27280485	118	121	HEV	T005	C0085294
27280485	140	150	identified	T080	C0205396
27280485	164	171	reports	T170	C0684224
27280485	175	204	transfusion-transmitted cases	T169	C0868928
27280485	210	224	detection rate	T081	C1521828
27280485	228	235	HEV-RNA	T114	C3263637
27280485	240	254	seroprevalence	T062	C0600367
27280485	258	265	HEV-IgG	T116,T129	C0806349
27280485	268	271	IgM	T116,T129	C0806350
27280485	282	302	regionally evaluated	T058	C0220825
27280485	306	311	Japan	T083	C0022341
27280485	317	322	donor	T098	C0013018
27280485	323	329	plasma	T031	C0032105
27280485	343	351	Hokkaido	T083	C0454745
27280485	365	373	screened	T169	C1305399
27280485	377	411	nucleic acid amplification testing	T059	C0200932
27280485	426	440	detection rate	T081	C1521828
27280485	444	451	HEV-RNA	T114	C3263637
27280485	455	467	blood donors	T098	C0005795
27280485	471	476	Japan	T083	C0022341
27280485	488	496	Hokkaido	T083	C0454745
27280485	549	554	donor	T098	C0013018
27280485	555	569	plasma samples	T031	C0444263
27280485	575	591	Japanese regions	T083	C0022341
27280485	602	610	Hokkaido	T083	C0454745
27280485	616	622	tested	T169	C0039593
27280485	627	634	HEV-RNA	T114	C3263637
27280485	679	695	HEV-RNA-positive	T114	C3263637
27280485	696	707	plasma bags	T031	C1292468
27280485	713	723	identified	T080	C0205396
27280485	733	736	HEV	T005	C0085294
27280485	737	747	viral load	T059	C1261478
27280485	749	757	genotype	T032	C0017431
27280485	762	795	anti-HEV immunoglobulin (Ig)G/IgM	T116,T129	C0312636
27280485	816	830	detection rate	T081	C1521828
27280485	834	841	HEV-RNA	T114	C3263637
27280485	883	890	eastern	T083	C0022341
27280485	899	912	western Japan	T083	C0022341
27280485	921	937	HEV-RNA-positive	T114	C3263637
27280485	938	945	samples	T031	C0444263
27280485	951	961	genotype 3	T032	C0017431
27280485	967	977	viral load	T033	C0376705
27280485	1026	1040	detection rate	T081	C1521828
27280485	1044	1051	HEV-RNA	T114	C3263637
27280485	1055	1072	donor populations	T098	C0013018
27280485	1076	1081	Japan	T083	C0022341
27280485	1090	1098	Hokkaido	T083	C0454745
27280485	1109	1118	donations	T058	C0005794
27280485	1156	1162	Europe	T083	C0015176
27280485	1202	1210	Hokkaido	T083	C0454745
27280485	1219	1228	donations	T058	C0005794
27280485	1319	1322	RNA	T114	C0035668
27280485	1323	1339	detection limits	T081	C2718050
27280485	1356	1364	Hokkaido	T083	C0454745
27280485	1371	1381	genotype 4	T032	C0017431
27280485	1406	1421	blood donations	T058	C0005794
27280485	1431	1439	positive	T033	C1446409
27280485	1440	1449	donations	T058	C0005794
27280485	1455	1465	genotype 3	T032	C0017431
27280485	1481	1491	pathogenic	T033	C3816499

27280525|t|Social cognition in schizophrenia: Factor structure of emotion processing and theory of mind
27280525|a|Factor analytic studies examining social cognition in schizophrenia have yielded inconsistent results most likely due to the varying number and quality of measures. With the recent conclusion of Phase 3 of the Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) Study, the most psychometrically sound measures of social cognition have been identified. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to: 1) examine the factor structure of social cognition in schizophrenia through the utilization of psychometrically sound measures, 2) examine the stability of the factor structure across two study visits, 3) compare the factor structure of social cognition in schizophrenia to that in healthy controls, and 4) examine the relationship between the factors and relevant outcome measures including social functioning and symptoms. Results supported a one-factor model for the patient and healthy control samples at both visits. This single factor was significantly associated with negative symptoms in the schizophrenia sample and with social functioning in both groups at both study visits.
27280525	0	16	Social cognition	T054	C0871381
27280525	20	33	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27280525	35	51	Factor structure	T081	C0870541
27280525	55	62	emotion	T041	C0013987
27280525	63	73	processing	T041	C0025361
27280525	78	92	theory of mind	T078	C0935573
27280525	93	116	Factor analytic studies	T081	C0085801
27280525	127	143	social cognition	T054	C0871381
27280525	147	160	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27280525	187	194	results	T169	C1274040
27280525	237	256	quality of measures	T170	C3242457
27280525	288	295	Phase 3	T079	C0439561
27280525	303	319	Social Cognition	T054	C0871381
27280525	320	357	Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) Study	T060	C0033920
27280525	368	384	psychometrically	T060	C0033920
27280525	385	399	sound measures	T060	C0430022
27280525	403	419	social cognition	T054	C0871381
27280525	477	482	study	T062	C2603343
27280525	495	502	examine	T033	C0332128
27280525	507	523	factor structure	T081	C0870541
27280525	527	543	social cognition	T054	C0871381
27280525	547	560	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27280525	588	604	psychometrically	T060	C0033920
27280525	605	619	sound measures	T060	C0430022
27280525	624	631	examine	T033	C0332128
27280525	636	645	stability	T080	C0205360
27280525	653	669	factor structure	T081	C0870541
27280525	681	686	study	T062	C2603343
27280525	710	726	factor structure	T081	C0870541
27280525	730	746	social cognition	T054	C0871381
27280525	750	763	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27280525	775	791	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27280525	800	807	examine	T033	C0332128
27280525	837	844	factors	T081	C0870541
27280525	858	874	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27280525	885	903	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27280525	908	916	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27280525	918	925	Results	T169	C1274040
27280525	938	954	one-factor model	T170	C0282574
27280525	963	970	patient	T101	C0030705
27280525	975	990	healthy control	T080	C2986479
27280525	1007	1013	visits	T058	C1512346
27280525	1007	1013	visits	T058	C1512346
27280525	1052	1067	associated with	T080	C0332281
27280525	1068	1085	negative symptoms	T184	C1457887
27280525	1093	1106	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27280525	1107	1113	sample	T167	C0370003
27280525	1123	1141	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27280525	1150	1156	groups	T098	C1257890
27280525	1165	1170	study	T062	C2603343
27280525	1171	1177	visits	T058	C1512346

27282214|t|Individual differences in behavioral activation and cardiac vagal control influence affective startle modification
27282214|a|The startle response (SR) has a close relationship with stress responses. Startle modification (SRM) has been widely used to study stress disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder). The framework of the behavioral inhibition and activation systems (BIS / BAS) has been thought to correspond with withdrawal and approach motivational processes underlying affective SRM and can influence stress reactivity. Vagally-mediated cardiac activity as indexed by heart rate variability (HRV) has been associated with SRM and regulatory processes during stress. In the present study, the influence of individual differences in the BIS / BAS and resting HRV on affective SRM were examined. Eighty-six subjects viewed affective pictures while acoustic SR stimuli were delivered. Individual differences in motivation were measured by the BIS/BAS scales. The magnitude of SR was assessed as electromyographic activity of the SR eyeblink during pictures of different valences. Resting HRV was derived from electrocardiography. In contrast to previous studies, the present results showed that startle inhibition and potentiation were related to BAS and HRV, but not to BIS. There was also an interaction of BAS and HRV, indicating that the relationship between HRV and SRM strengthened as BAS scores decreased. The present findings suggest that BAS may relate to both withdrawal and approach, and trait stress reactivity is influence d by BAS and cardiac vagal activity. In addition, BAS moderates the relationship between cardiac vagal activity and SRM. These findings have both theoretical and practical implications for the study of SRM, stress disorders, and health.
27282214	0	22	Individual differences	T054	C0021228
27282214	26	47	behavioral activation	T040	C2253866
27282214	52	73	cardiac vagal control	T044	C1148560
27282214	74	83	influence	T077	C4054723
27282214	94	114	startle modification	T169	C0449851
27282214	119	135	startle response	T040	C0038186
27282214	137	139	SR	T040	C0038186
27282214	153	165	relationship	T080	C0439849
27282214	171	187	stress responses	T039	C0149784
27282214	189	209	Startle modification	T169	C0449851
27282214	211	214	SRM	T169	C0449851
27282214	246	262	stress disorders	T048	C0004936
27282214	270	299	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
27282214	323	344	behavioral inhibition	T041	C0039474
27282214	369	372	BIS	T041	C0039474
27282214	440	462	motivational processes	T041	C0026605
27282214	484	487	SRM	T169	C0449851
27282214	496	505	influence	T077	C4054723
27282214	506	523	stress reactivity	T039	C2350025
27282214	525	558	Vagally-mediated cardiac activity	T033	C0443168
27282214	562	569	indexed	T170	C0918012
27282214	573	595	heart rate variability	T033	C0243095
27282214	597	600	HRV	T033	C0243095
27282214	611	626	associated with	T080	C0332281
27282214	627	630	SRM	T169	C0449851
27282214	635	655	regulatory processes	T038	C1327622
27282214	663	669	stress	T033	C0038435
27282214	697	706	influence	T077	C4054723
27282214	710	732	individual differences	T054	C0021228
27282214	740	743	BIS	T041	C0039474
27282214	762	765	HRV	T033	C0243095
27282214	779	782	SRM	T169	C0449851
27282214	788	796	examined	T033	C0332128
27282214	798	817	Eighty-six subjects	T096	C0681850
27282214	835	843	pictures	T073	C0441469
27282214	850	869	acoustic SR stimuli	T070	C0683110
27282214	886	908	Individual differences	T054	C0021228
27282214	912	922	motivation	T041	C0026605
27282214	928	936	measured	T080	C0444706
27282214	944	958	BIS/BAS scales	T170	C0282574
27282214	964	973	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27282214	977	979	SR	T040	C0038186
27282214	984	992	assessed	T052	C1516048
27282214	996	1013	electromyographic	T060	C0013839
27282214	1014	1022	activity	T052	C0441655
27282214	1030	1032	SR	T040	C0038186
27282214	1033	1041	eyeblink	T042	C0005757
27282214	1049	1057	pictures	T073	C0441469
27282214	1071	1079	valences	T080	C0205556
27282214	1089	1092	HRV	T033	C0243095
27282214	1110	1129	electrocardiography	T060	C1623258
27282214	1176	1183	results	T169	C1274040
27282214	1196	1214	startle inhibition	T044	C1148560
27282214	1219	1231	potentiation	T044	C1148560
27282214	1256	1259	HRV	T033	C0243095
27282214	1272	1275	BIS	T041	C0039474
27282214	1295	1306	interaction	T169	C1704675
27282214	1318	1321	HRV	T033	C0243095
27282214	1343	1355	relationship	T080	C0439849
27282214	1364	1367	HRV	T033	C0243095
27282214	1372	1375	SRM	T169	C0449851
27282214	1396	1402	scores	T081	C0449820
27282214	1426	1434	findings	T033	C0243095
27282214	1500	1505	trait	T032	C0599883
27282214	1506	1523	stress reactivity	T039	C2350025
27282214	1527	1536	influence	T077	C4054723
27282214	1550	1572	cardiac vagal activity	T033	C0443168
27282214	1605	1617	relationship	T080	C0439849
27282214	1626	1648	cardiac vagal activity	T033	C0443168
27282214	1653	1656	SRM	T169	C0449851
27282214	1664	1672	findings	T033	C0243095
27282214	1683	1721	theoretical and practical implications	T169	C0205245
27282214	1739	1742	SRM	T169	C0449851
27282214	1744	1760	stress disorders	T048	C0004936
27282214	1766	1772	health	T078	C0018684

27282236|t|Efficient patient modeling for visuo - haptic VR simulation using a generic patient atlas
27282236|a|This work presents a new time-saving virtual patient modeling system by way of example for an existing visuo - haptic training and planning virtual reality (VR) system for percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage (PTCD). Our modeling process is based on a generic patient atlas to start with. It is defined by organ - specific optimized models, method modules and parameters, i.e. mainly individual segmentation masks, transfer functions to fill the gaps between the masks and intensity image data. In this contribution, we show how generic patient atlases can be generalized to new patient data. The methodology consists of patient - specific, locally-adaptive transfer functions and dedicated modeling methods such as multi-atlas segmentation, vessel filtering and spline-modeling. Our full image volume segmentation algorithm yields median DICE coefficients of 0.98, 0.93, 0.82, 0.74, 0.51 and 0.48 regarding soft-tissue, liver, bone, skin, blood and bile vessels for ten test patients and three selected reference patients. Compared to standard slice-wise manual contouring time saving is remarkable. Our segmentation process shows out efficiency and robustness for upper abdominal puncture simulation systems. This marks a significant step toward establishing patient - specific training and hands-on planning systems in a clinical environment.
27282236	10	17	patient	T101	C0030705
27282236	18	26	modeling	T062	C0870071
27282236	31	36	visuo	T169	C0234621
27282236	39	45	haptic	T042	C0871762
27282236	46	59	VR simulation	T066	C0871582
27282236	76	83	patient	T101	C0030705
27282236	84	89	atlas	T073,T170	C0004171
27282236	127	134	virtual	T066	C0871582
27282236	135	142	patient	T101	C0030705
27282236	143	158	modeling system	T062	C0870071
27282236	193	198	visuo	T169	C0234621
27282236	201	207	haptic	T042	C0871762
27282236	208	216	training	T065	C0220931
27282236	230	257	virtual reality (VR) system	T066	C0871582
27282236	262	306	percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage	T061	C1504490
27282236	308	312	PTCD	T061	C1504490
27282236	319	335	modeling process	T062	C0870071
27282236	358	365	patient	T101	C0030705
27282236	366	371	atlas	T073,T170	C0004171
27282236	404	409	organ	T023	C0178784
27282236	412	420	specific	T080	C0205369
27282236	421	430	optimized	T052	C2698650
27282236	431	437	models	T170	C3161035
27282236	439	453	method modules	T170	C0025663
27282236	458	468	parameters	T077	C0549193
27282236	493	505	segmentation	T066	C2697664
27282236	506	511	masks	T080	C2346471
27282236	513	531	transfer functions	T066	C0024931
27282236	544	548	gaps	T082	C3887622
27282236	561	566	masks	T080	C2346471
27282236	571	586	intensity image	T080	C2346471
27282236	587	591	data	T078	C1511726
27282236	635	642	patient	T101	C0030705
27282236	643	650	atlases	T073,T170	C0004171
27282236	677	689	patient data	T170	C2707520
27282236	719	726	patient	T101	C0030705
27282236	729	737	specific	T080	C0205369
27282236	756	774	transfer functions	T066	C0024931
27282236	789	805	modeling methods	T062	C0870071
27282236	814	838	multi-atlas segmentation	T066	C2697664
27282236	840	856	vessel filtering	T170	C0025663
27282236	861	876	spline-modeling	T170	C0025663
27282236	887	912	image volume segmentation	T066	C2697664
27282236	913	922	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27282236	930	954	median DICE coefficients	T081	C0392762
27282236	1006	1017	soft-tissue	T024	C0225317
27282236	1019	1024	liver	T023	C0023884
27282236	1026	1030	bone	T024	C0005931
27282236	1032	1036	skin	T022	C1123023
27282236	1038	1043	blood	T023	C0005847
27282236	1048	1060	bile vessels	T031	C0005388
27282236	1074	1082	patients	T101	C0030705
27282236	1112	1120	patients	T101	C0030705
27282236	1143	1171	slice-wise manual contouring	T066	C2697664
27282236	1203	1223	segmentation process	T066	C2697664
27282236	1234	1244	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27282236	1249	1259	robustness	T080	C2986815
27282236	1270	1288	abdominal puncture	T037	C2089285
27282236	1289	1307	simulation systems	T066	C0009609
27282236	1322	1333	significant	T078	C0750502
27282236	1359	1366	patient	T101	C0030705
27282236	1369	1377	specific	T080	C0205369
27282236	1378	1386	training	T065	C0220931
27282236	1422	1442	clinical environment	T061	C0008971

27282265|t|The Benefits of Combination Therapy with Esomeprazole and Rebamipide in Symptom Improvement in Reflux Esophagitis: An International Multicenter Study
27282265|a|To investigate the effects of esomeprazole and rebamipide combination therapy on symptomatic improvement in patients with reflux esophagitis. A total of 501 patients with reflux esophagitis were randomized into one of the following two treatment regimens: 40 mg esomeprazole plus 300 mg rebamipide daily (combination therapy group) or 40 mg esomeprazole daily (monotherapy group). We used a symptom questionnaire that evaluated heartburn, acid regurgitation, and four upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The primary efficacy end point was the mean decrease in the total symptom score. The mean decreases in the total symptom score at 4 weeks were estimated to be -18.1±13.8 in the combination therapy group and -15.1±11.9 in the monotherapy group (p=0.011). Changes in reflux symptom s from baseline after 4 weeks of treatment were -8.4±6.6 in the combination therapy group and -6.8±5.9 in the monotherapy group (p=0.009). Over a 4- week treatment course, esomeprazole and rebamipide combination therapy was more effective in decreasing the symptoms of reflux esophagitis than esomeprazole monotherapy.
27282265	4	12	Benefits	T081	C0814225
27282265	16	35	Combination Therapy	T061	C0009429
27282265	41	53	Esomeprazole	T109,T121	C0937846
27282265	58	68	Rebamipide	T109,T121	C0069562
27282265	72	79	Symptom	T184	C1457887
27282265	80	91	Improvement	T077	C2986411
27282265	95	113	Reflux Esophagitis	T047	C0014869
27282265	118	131	International	T078	C1512888
27282265	132	149	Multicenter Study	T062	C1096776
27282265	153	164	investigate	T169	C1292732
27282265	169	176	effects	T080	C1280500
27282265	180	192	esomeprazole	T109,T121	C0937846
27282265	197	207	rebamipide	T109,T121	C0069562
27282265	208	227	combination therapy	T061	C0009429
27282265	231	242	symptomatic	T184	C1457887
27282265	243	254	improvement	T077	C2986411
27282265	258	266	patients	T101	C0030705
27282265	272	290	reflux esophagitis	T047	C0014869
27282265	307	315	patients	T101	C0030705
27282265	321	339	reflux esophagitis	T047	C0014869
27282265	345	355	randomized	T062,T170	C0206034
27282265	386	404	treatment regimens	T061	C0040808
27282265	412	424	esomeprazole	T109,T121	C0937846
27282265	437	447	rebamipide	T109,T121	C0069562
27282265	448	453	daily	T079	C0332173
27282265	455	474	combination therapy	T061	C0009429
27282265	475	480	group	T078	C0441833
27282265	491	503	esomeprazole	T109,T121	C0937846
27282265	504	509	daily	T079	C0332173
27282265	511	522	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
27282265	523	528	group	T078	C0441833
27282265	541	548	symptom	T184	C1457887
27282265	549	562	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27282265	568	577	evaluated	T169	C1292732
27282265	578	587	heartburn	T184	C0018834
27282265	589	607	acid regurgitation	T184	C0849747
27282265	618	649	upper gastrointestinal symptoms	T047	C0857493
27282265	663	671	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27282265	695	703	decrease	T081	C0547047
27282265	717	730	symptom score	T033	C3476546
27282265	741	750	decreases	T081	C0547047
27282265	764	777	symptom score	T033	C3476546
27282265	783	788	weeks	T079	C0439230
27282265	828	847	combination therapy	T061	C0009429
27282265	848	853	group	T078	C0441833
27282265	876	887	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
27282265	888	893	group	T078	C0441833
27282265	916	922	reflux	T047	C0014869
27282265	923	930	symptom	T184	C1457887
27282265	938	946	baseline	T081	C1442488
27282265	955	960	weeks	T079	C0439230
27282265	964	973	treatment	T061	C0087111
27282265	995	1014	combination therapy	T061	C0009429
27282265	1015	1020	group	T078	C0441833
27282265	1041	1052	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
27282265	1053	1058	group	T078	C0441833
27282265	1080	1084	week	T079	C0439230
27282265	1085	1094	treatment	T061	C0087111
27282265	1103	1115	esomeprazole	T109,T121	C0937846
27282265	1120	1130	rebamipide	T109,T121	C0069562
27282265	1131	1150	combination therapy	T061	C0009429
27282265	1160	1169	effective	T080	C1704419
27282265	1173	1183	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27282265	1188	1196	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27282265	1200	1218	reflux esophagitis	T047	C0014869
27282265	1224	1236	esomeprazole	T109,T121	C0937846
27282265	1237	1248	monotherapy	T061	C0087111

27282454|t|Achilles tendon material properties are greater in the jump leg of jumping athletes
27282454|a|The Achilles tendon (AT) must adapt to meet changes in demands. This study explored AT adaptation by comparing properties within the jump and non-jump legs of jumping athletes. Non-jumping control athletes were included to control limb dominance effects. AT properties were assessed in the preferred (jump) and non-preferred (lead) jumping legs of male collegiate-level long and/or high jump (jumpers; n=10) and cross-country (controls; n=10) athletes. Cross-sectional area (CSA), elongation, and force during isometric contractions were used to estimate the morphological, mechanical and material properties of the ATs bilaterally. Jumpers exposed their ATs to more force and stress than controls (all p≤0.03). AT force and stress were also greater in the jump leg of both jumpers and controls than in the lead leg (all p<0.05). Jumpers had 17.8% greater AT stiffness and 24.4% greater Young's modulus in their jump leg compared to lead leg (all p<0.05). There were no jump versus lead leg differences in AT stiffness or Young's modulus within controls (all p>0.05). ATs chronically exposed to elevated mechanical loading were found to exhibit greater mechanical (stiffness) and material (Young's modulus) properties.
27282454	0	15	Achilles tendon	T023	C0001074
27282454	16	35	material properties	T070	C3658372
27282454	40	47	greater	T081	C1704243
27282454	55	63	jump leg	T023	C1140621
27282454	67	74	jumping	T056	C0221189
27282454	75	83	athletes	T097	C0238703
27282454	88	103	Achilles tendon	T023	C0001074
27282454	105	107	AT	T023	C0001074
27282454	123	127	meet	T067	C1550543
27282454	128	135	changes	T169	C0392747
27282454	139	146	demands	T078	C0699784
27282454	168	170	AT	T023	C0001074
27282454	171	181	adaptation	T040	C0000934
27282454	185	194	comparing	T052	C1707455
27282454	195	205	properties	T080	C0871161
27282454	217	221	jump	T056	C0221189
27282454	226	234	non-jump	T033	C0243095
27282454	235	239	legs	T023	C1140621
27282454	243	250	jumping	T056	C0221189
27282454	251	259	athletes	T097	C0238703
27282454	261	272	Non-jumping	T033	C0243095
27282454	273	289	control athletes	T097	C0238703
27282454	295	303	included	T169	C0332257
27282454	307	314	control	T080	C0243148
27282454	315	319	limb	T023	C0015385
27282454	320	329	dominance	T078	C0870441
27282454	330	337	effects	T080	C1280500
27282454	339	341	AT	T023	C0001074
27282454	342	352	properties	T080	C0871161
27282454	358	366	assessed	T052	C1516048
27282454	374	383	preferred	T078	C0558295
27282454	385	389	jump	T056	C0221189
27282454	395	408	non-preferred	T033	C0243095
27282454	416	423	jumping	T056	C0221189
27282454	424	428	legs	T023	C1140621
27282454	432	436	male	T032	C0086582
27282454	437	453	collegiate-level	T080	C0441889
27282454	454	458	long	T080	C0205166
27282454	466	470	high	T080	C0205250
27282454	471	475	jump	T056	C0221189
27282454	477	484	jumpers	T098	C1257890
27282454	496	509	cross-country	T083	C0454664
27282454	511	519	controls	T097	C0238703
27282454	527	535	athletes	T097	C0238703
27282454	537	557	Cross-sectional area	T082	C0205146
27282454	559	562	CSA	T082	C0205146
27282454	565	575	elongation	T067	C1254366
27282454	581	586	force	T067	C0441722
27282454	594	616	isometric contractions	T042	C0022205
27282454	630	638	estimate	T081	C0750572
27282454	643	656	morphological	T082	C0543482
27282454	658	668	mechanical	T070	C3658372
27282454	673	692	material properties	T070	C3658372
27282454	700	703	ATs	T023	C0001074
27282454	704	715	bilaterally	T082	C0238767
27282454	717	724	Jumpers	T098	C1257890
27282454	725	732	exposed	T080	C0332157
27282454	739	742	ATs	T023	C0001074
27282454	751	756	force	T067	C0441722
27282454	761	767	stress	T033	C0038435
27282454	773	781	controls	T097	C0238703
27282454	796	798	AT	T023	C0001074
27282454	799	804	force	T067	C0441722
27282454	809	815	stress	T033	C0038435
27282454	826	833	greater	T081	C1704243
27282454	841	845	jump	T056	C0221189
27282454	846	849	leg	T023	C1140621
27282454	858	865	jumpers	T098	C1257890
27282454	870	878	controls	T097	C0238703
27282454	891	899	lead leg	T023	C1140621
27282454	914	921	Jumpers	T098	C1257890
27282454	932	939	greater	T081	C1704243
27282454	940	942	AT	T023	C0001074
27282454	943	952	stiffness	T184	C0427008
27282454	963	970	greater	T081	C1704243
27282454	971	986	Young's modulus	T081	C2350289
27282454	996	1000	jump	T056	C0221189
27282454	1001	1004	leg	T023	C1140621
27282454	1005	1013	compared	T052	C1707455
27282454	1017	1025	lead leg	T023	C1140621
27282454	1054	1058	jump	T056	C0221189
27282454	1066	1074	lead leg	T023	C1140621
27282454	1075	1086	differences	T080	C1705242
27282454	1090	1092	AT	T023	C0001074
27282454	1093	1102	stiffness	T184	C0427008
27282454	1106	1121	Young's modulus	T081	C2350289
27282454	1129	1137	controls	T097	C0238703
27282454	1152	1155	ATs	T023	C0001074
27282454	1156	1167	chronically	T079	C0205191
27282454	1168	1175	exposed	T080	C0332157
27282454	1179	1187	elevated	T080	C3163633
27282454	1188	1206	mechanical loading	T067	C0563538
27282454	1229	1236	greater	T081	C1704243
27282454	1237	1247	mechanical	T070	C3658372
27282454	1249	1258	stiffness	T184	C0427008
27282454	1264	1272	material	T070	C3658372
27282454	1274	1289	Young's modulus	T081	C2350289
27282454	1291	1301	properties	T080	C0871161

27282845|t|Assessment of Residual Disease With Molecular Breast Imaging in Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Therapy: Association With Molecular Subtypes
27282845|a|Assessment of residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy for breast cancer is an ongoing challenge of breast imaging. This study evaluates the accuracy of a novel dedicated system for molecular breast imaging (MBI) composed of the new generation of cadmium zinc telluride detectors in assessing residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy in patients with breast cancer. Clinical data, imaging, surgical, and pathological findings of 51 women with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant therapy were recorded. MBI findings were correlated with surgical pathology results. Accuracy of MBI in predicting complete pathological response and size of residual disease was assessed according to molecular subtypes. The size of the largest focus of uptake on MBI correlated with the largest dimension measured on pathology (r = 0.55; P < .001). This correlation was stronger for triple negative and HER2/neu positive subtypes (r = 0.92 and 0.62, respectively). Sixteen patients (31%) had complete pathological response. The sensitivity and specificity of MBI for detecting residual disease were 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 66-93) and 69% (95% CI, 42-88), respectively. For triple negative or HER2/neu positive disease the sensitivity and specificity were 88% (95% CI, 62-98) and 75% (95% CI, 43-93), respectively. The accuracy of MBI in assessing residual disease after neoadjuvant treatment might be related to the molecular subtype. Accuracy is highest in the triple negative and HER2/neu positive subtypes.
27282845	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27282845	14	30	Residual Disease	T191	C0543478
27282845	36	60	Molecular Breast Imaging	T060	C2985547
27282845	64	72	Patients	T101	C0030705
27282845	84	103	Neoadjuvant Therapy	T061	C0600558
27282845	122	131	Molecular	T080	C1521991
27282845	132	140	Subtypes	T185	C0449560
27282845	141	151	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27282845	155	171	residual disease	T191	C0543478
27282845	178	197	neoadjuvant therapy	T061	C0600558
27282845	202	215	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27282845	243	249	breast	T023	C0006141
27282845	250	257	imaging	T060	C0011923
27282845	264	269	study	T062	C2603343
27282845	270	279	evaluates	T058	C0220825
27282845	284	292	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27282845	325	349	molecular breast imaging	T060	C2985547
27282845	351	354	MBI	T060	C2985547
27282845	390	412	cadmium zinc telluride	T197	C1258740
27282845	413	422	detectors	T073	C0180392
27282845	436	452	residual disease	T191	C0543478
27282845	459	478	neoadjuvant therapy	T061	C0600558
27282845	482	490	patients	T101	C0030705
27282845	496	509	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27282845	511	524	Clinical data	T170	C1516606
27282845	526	533	imaging	T060	C0011923
27282845	535	543	surgical	T169	C0038895
27282845	549	561	pathological	T169	C1521733
27282845	562	570	findings	T033	C0243095
27282845	577	582	women	T098	C0043210
27282845	588	601	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27282845	613	632	neoadjuvant therapy	T061	C0600558
27282845	648	651	MBI	T060	C2985547
27282845	652	660	findings	T033	C0243095
27282845	666	676	correlated	T080	C1707520
27282845	682	708	surgical pathology results	T170	C1710255
27282845	710	718	Accuracy	T080	C0443131
27282845	722	725	MBI	T060	C2985547
27282845	740	770	complete pathological response	T033	C4050242
27282845	775	779	size	T082	C0456389
27282845	783	799	residual disease	T191	C0543478
27282845	826	835	molecular	T080	C1521991
27282845	836	844	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27282845	850	854	size	T082	C0456389
27282845	889	892	MBI	T060	C2985547
27282845	893	903	correlated	T080	C1707520
27282845	943	952	pathology	T169	C0205469
27282845	980	991	correlation	T080	C1707520
27282845	1009	1024	triple negative	T191	C3539878
27282845	1029	1046	HER2/neu positive	T201	C2348909
27282845	1047	1055	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27282845	1099	1107	patients	T101	C0030705
27282845	1118	1148	complete pathological response	T033	C4050242
27282845	1154	1165	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27282845	1170	1181	specificity	T081	C0037791
27282845	1185	1188	MBI	T060	C2985547
27282845	1203	1219	residual disease	T191	C0543478
27282845	1234	1253	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27282845	1255	1257	CI	T081	C0009667
27282845	1280	1282	CI	T081	C0009667
27282845	1310	1325	triple negative	T191	C3539878
27282845	1329	1346	HER2/neu positive	T201	C2348909
27282845	1359	1370	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27282845	1375	1386	specificity	T081	C0037791
27282845	1401	1403	CI	T081	C0009667
27282845	1425	1427	CI	T081	C0009667
27282845	1455	1463	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27282845	1467	1470	MBI	T060	C2985547
27282845	1484	1500	residual disease	T191	C0543478
27282845	1507	1528	neoadjuvant treatment	T061	C0600558
27282845	1553	1562	molecular	T080	C1521991
27282845	1563	1570	subtype	T185	C0449560
27282845	1572	1580	Accuracy	T080	C0443131
27282845	1599	1614	triple negative	T191	C3539878
27282845	1619	1636	HER2/neu positive	T201	C2348909
27282845	1637	1645	subtypes	T185	C0449560

27283081|t|Sinus augmentation using a histone deacetylase inhibitor in a calcium sulfate carrier in rabbit: A pilot study
27283081|a|Histone deacetylase inhibitors such as sodium butyrate (SB) have been suggested to be promising candidate small molecules for bone regeneration. In this study, the capacity of SB loaded onto calcium sulfate (CaS) to enhance bone formation was investigated in a rabbit sinus model. Following preparation of the sinus access window on a randomly selected side, SB loaded onto CaS (CaS / SB) was grafted in five rabbits, and CaS alone (control) was grafted in another five rabbits. The animals were euthanized after 4 weeks for radiographic, histometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. There was a statistically significant difference in the total augmented volume between the groups in the radiographic analysis (158.22 ± 39.31 mm(3) and 107.09 ± 39.69 mm(3), respectively, p = 0.040). The CaS / SB group showed a larger portion of mature lamellar bone and a higher level of mineralization of bone trabeculae, characterized by more intense labeling with osteocalcin compared with the control group in the immunohistochemical analysis. The number of osteocalcin-positive cells within the central area of the augmented sinus was significantly higher in the CaS / SB group than in the control group (179 ± 26.0 mm(2) and 123 ± 33.2 mm(2), respectively, p = 0.027). In conclusion, CaS / SB exhibited superior osteogenic potential, especially in the central portion of the augmented sinus as well as improvement of the volume maintenance for sinus augmentation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2016.
27283081	0	18	Sinus augmentation	T061	C2236586
27283081	27	56	histone deacetylase inhibitor	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27283081	62	77	calcium sulfate	T121,T122,T197	C0006720
27283081	78	85	carrier	T122	C0013161
27283081	89	95	rabbit	T015	C3887509
27283081	99	110	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27283081	111	141	Histone deacetylase inhibitors	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27283081	150	165	sodium butyrate	T109,T121	C0142812
27283081	167	169	SB	T109,T121	C0142812
27283081	207	232	candidate small molecules	T121	C1254351
27283081	237	254	bone regeneration	T042	C0005972
27283081	275	283	capacity	T081	C1516240
27283081	287	289	SB	T109,T121	C0142812
27283081	290	296	loaded	T052	C1708715
27283081	302	317	calcium sulfate	T121,T122,T197	C0006720
27283081	319	322	CaS	T121,T122,T197	C0006720
27283081	327	334	enhance	T052	C2349975
27283081	335	349	bone formation	T042	C0029433
27283081	372	390	rabbit sinus model	T008	C0599779
27283081	421	426	sinus	T030	C0030471
27283081	427	433	access	T169	C1554204
27283081	464	468	side	T082	C0441987
27283081	470	472	SB	T109,T121	C0142812
27283081	473	479	loaded	T052	C1708715
27283081	485	488	CaS	T121,T122,T197	C0006720
27283081	490	493	CaS	T121,T122,T197	C0006720
27283081	496	498	SB	T109,T121	C0142812
27283081	504	511	grafted	T061	C1961139
27283081	520	527	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27283081	533	536	CaS	T121,T122,T197	C0006720
27283081	544	551	control	T096	C0009932
27283081	557	564	grafted	T061	C1961139
27283081	581	588	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27283081	594	601	animals	T008	C0003062
27283081	607	617	euthanized	T058	C1136183
27283081	636	648	radiographic	T060	C1962945
27283081	650	661	histometric	T059	C0344441
27283081	667	686	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27283081	687	695	analyses	T062	C0936012
27283081	709	734	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27283081	759	768	augmented	T081	C0205217
27283081	769	775	volume	T082	C0456389
27283081	788	794	groups	T078	C0441833
27283081	802	823	radiographic analysis	T060	C1962945
27283081	902	905	CaS	T121,T122,T197	C0006720
27283081	908	910	SB	T109,T121	C0142812
27283081	911	916	group	T078	C0441833
27283081	926	932	larger	T081	C0549177
27283081	933	940	portion	T082	C0449719
27283081	944	950	mature	T079	C0205286
27283081	951	964	lamellar bone	T024	C0682560
27283081	987	1001	mineralization	T042	C2350989
27283081	1005	1020	bone trabeculae	T024	C2826619
27283081	1052	1060	labeling	T059	C0887853
27283081	1066	1077	osteocalcin	T116,T123	C0029419
27283081	1096	1109	control group	T096	C0009932
27283081	1117	1136	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27283081	1137	1145	analysis	T062	C0936012
27283081	1161	1181	osteocalcin-positive	T116,T123	C0029419
27283081	1182	1187	cells	T025	C0007634
27283081	1199	1211	central area	T082	C0205099
27283081	1219	1228	augmented	T081	C0205217
27283081	1229	1234	sinus	T030	C0030471
27283081	1253	1259	higher	T080	C0205250
27283081	1267	1270	CaS	T121,T122,T197	C0006720
27283081	1273	1275	SB	T109,T121	C0142812
27283081	1276	1281	group	T078	C0441833
27283081	1294	1307	control group	T096	C0009932
27283081	1389	1392	CaS	T121,T122,T197	C0006720
27283081	1395	1397	SB	T109,T121	C0142812
27283081	1408	1416	superior	T080	C0205250
27283081	1417	1437	osteogenic potential	T042	C0029433
27283081	1457	1472	central portion	T082	C0449719
27283081	1480	1489	augmented	T081	C0205217
27283081	1490	1495	sinus	T030	C0030471
27283081	1507	1518	improvement	T077	C2986411
27283081	1526	1532	volume	T082	C0456389
27283081	1533	1544	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27283081	1549	1567	sinus augmentation	T061	C2236586

27283167|t|Integrating Palliative Care in Pediatric Oncology: Evidence for an Evolving Paradigm for Comprehensive Cancer Care
27283167|a|The demonstrated benefit of integrating palliative care (PC) into cancer treatment has triggered an increased need for PC services. The trajectory of integrating PC in comprehensive cancer centers, particularly pediatric centers, is unknown. We describe our 8- year experience of initiating and establishing PC with the Quality of Life Service (QoLS) at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. We retrospectively reviewed records of patients seen by the QoLS (n=615) from March 2007 to December 2014. Variables analyzed for each year, using descriptive statistics, included diagnostic groups, QoLS encounters, goals of care, duration of survival, and location of death. Total QoLS patient encounters increased from 58 (2007) to 1,297 (2014), new consults increased from 17 (2007) to 115 (2014), and mean encounters per patient increased from 5.06 (2007) to 16.11 (2014). Goal of care at initial consultation shifted from primarily comfort to an increasing goal of cure. The median number of days from initial consult to death increased from 52 days (2008) to 223 days (2014). A trend toward increased outpatient location of death was noted with 42% outpatient deaths in 2007, increasing to a majority in each subsequent year (range, 51%-74%). Hospital-wide, patients receiving PC services before death increased from approximately 50% to nearly 100%. Since its inception, the QoLS experienced a dramatic increase in referrals and encounters per patient, increased use by all clinical services, a trend toward earlier consultation and longer term follow-up, increasing outpatient location of death, and near- universal PC involvement at the end-of-life. The successful integration of PC in a comprehensive cancer center, and the resulting potential for improved care provision over time, can serve as a model for other programs on a broad scale.
27283167	0	11	Integrating	T080	C0205195
27283167	12	27	Palliative Care	T091	C0030231
27283167	31	49	Pediatric Oncology	T091	C1518931
27283167	67	75	Evolving	T169	C0332253
27283167	76	84	Paradigm	T062	C0681797
27283167	89	102	Comprehensive	T058	C0009586
27283167	103	114	Cancer Care	T061	C0920687
27283167	143	154	integrating	T080	C0205195
27283167	155	170	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27283167	172	174	PC	T091	C0030231
27283167	181	197	cancer treatment	T061	C0920425
27283167	215	224	increased	T081	C0205217
27283167	234	236	PC	T091	C0030231
27283167	265	276	integrating	T080	C0205195
27283167	277	279	PC	T091	C0030231
27283167	283	296	comprehensive	T058	C0009586
27283167	297	312	cancer centers,	T073,T093	C1516604
27283167	326	343	pediatric centers	T093	C0020017
27283167	376	380	year	T079	C0439234
27283167	410	422	establishing	T080	C0443211
27283167	423	425	PC	T091	C0030231
27283167	435	458	Quality of Life Service	T058	C0008079
27283167	460	464	QoLS	T058	C0008079
27283167	469	506	St. Jude Children's Research Hospital	T093	C1519168
27283167	536	555	records of patients	T170	C0025102
27283167	568	572	QoLS	T058	C0008079
27283167	586	591	March	T079	C3829202
27283167	600	608	December	T080	C3830550
27283167	615	624	Variables	T081	C1705098
27283167	643	647	year	T079	C0439234
27283167	667	677	statistics	T081	C1456551
27283167	688	705	diagnostic groups	T170	C0011928
27283167	707	711	QoLS	T058	C0008079
27283167	712	722	encounters	T058	C1512346
27283167	724	737	goals of care	T058	C2930505
27283167	739	759	duration of survival	T201	C2919551
27283167	765	782	location of death	T082	C2924451
27283167	790	794	QoLS	T058	C0008079
27283167	795	802	patient	T101	C0030705
27283167	803	813	encounters	T058	C1512346
27283167	814	823	increased	T081	C0205217
27283167	860	868	consults	T058	C0009818
27283167	869	878	increased	T081	C0205217
27283167	918	928	encounters	T058	C1512346
27283167	933	940	patient	T101	C0030705
27283167	941	950	increased	T081	C0205217
27283167	985	997	Goal of care	T058	C2930505
27283167	1001	1021	initial consultation	T058	C2065349
27283167	1045	1052	comfort	T041	C1331418
27283167	1059	1069	increasing	T169	C0442808
27283167	1070	1082	goal of cure	T170	C3897861
27283167	1115	1130	initial consult	T058	C2065349
27283167	1134	1139	death	T033	C1306577
27283167	1140	1149	increased	T081	C0205217
27283167	1205	1214	increased	T081	C0205217
27283167	1215	1225	outpatient	T101	C0029921
27283167	1226	1243	location of death	T082	C2924451
27283167	1263	1273	outpatient	T101	C0029921
27283167	1274	1280	deaths	T033	C1306577
27283167	1290	1300	increasing	T169	C0442808
27283167	1306	1314	majority	T080	C0205164
27283167	1334	1338	year	T079	C0439234
27283167	1357	1370	Hospital-wide	T080	C1510665
27283167	1372	1380	patients	T101	C0030705
27283167	1391	1393	PC	T091	C0030231
27283167	1410	1415	death	T033	C1306577
27283167	1416	1425	increased	T081	C0205217
27283167	1431	1444	approximately	T080	C0332232
27283167	1490	1494	QoLS	T058	C0008079
27283167	1518	1526	increase	T081	C0205217
27283167	1530	1539	referrals	T058	C0034927
27283167	1544	1554	encounters	T058	C1512346
27283167	1559	1566	patient	T101	C0030705
27283167	1568	1577	increased	T081	C0205217
27283167	1589	1606	clinical services	T058	C1704289
27283167	1623	1630	earlier	T079	C1279919
27283167	1631	1643	consultation	T058	C0009818
27283167	1648	1659	longer term	T079	C0443252
27283167	1660	1669	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27283167	1671	1681	increasing	T169	C0442808
27283167	1682	1692	outpatient	T101	C0029921
27283167	1693	1710	location of death	T082	C2924451
27283167	1722	1731	universal	T080	C0175671
27283167	1732	1734	PC	T091	C0030231
27283167	1754	1765	end-of-life	T058	C0039548
27283167	1782	1793	integration	T080	C0205195
27283167	1797	1799	PC	T091	C0030231
27283167	1805	1818	comprehensive	T058	C0009586
27283167	1819	1832	cancer center	T073,T093	C1516604
27283167	1875	1889	care provision	T058	C3244104
27283167	1895	1899	time	T079	C0040223
27283167	1916	1921	model	T170	C3161035
27283167	1932	1940	programs	T058	C0679897

27283994|t|Juglone ameliorates skin wound healing by promoting skin cell migration through Rac1 / Cdc42 / PAK pathway
27283994|a|Skin cell regeneration and wound healing are key processes in the recovery from skin injuries. Rapid cell migration and regeneration of skin cells lead to faster and better healing of wounded skin. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the wound healing potential of juglone, a naturally occurring Pin1 inhibitor found in walnuts. Cultured skin cells (NHDF and HaCaT) and hairless mice were treated with juglone after wound creation to examine its effects on cell migration and wound healing rate. The expressions of cell migration related proteins (Rac1, Cdc42, and α-PAK), collagen deposition, and angiogenesis were analyzed. Juglone treatment resulted in faster rate of growth and migration and recovered cell morphology, particularly at a concentration of 5 µM, in skin cells compared to the untreated group. In vivo experiments showed that mice treated with juglone showed faster wound healing rate with better skin morphology and collagen deposition than the vehicle group. Furthermore, juglone increased the activation and/or expression of Cdc42, Rac1, and α-pak in HaCaT cells, and resulted in enhanced angiogenesis in endothelial cells (HUVECs). Juglone also activated MAPKs signaling by activation of ERK, JNK, and p38 proteins. Taken together, these data suggest that juglone may be a potential candidate for wound healing and skin regeneration which ameliorates wound healing mainly by promoting skin cell migration through Rac1 / Cdc42 / PAK pathway.
27283994	0	7	Juglone	T109,T121	C0064170
27283994	8	19	ameliorates	T080	C0205556
27283994	20	24	skin	T022	C1123023
27283994	25	38	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27283994	42	51	promoting	T052	C0033414
27283994	52	56	skin	T022	C1123023
27283994	57	71	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27283994	80	84	Rac1	T116,T126	C0139880
27283994	87	92	Cdc42	T116,T126	C0082645
27283994	95	98	PAK	T116,T126	C0072402
27283994	99	106	pathway	T043	C0037083
27283994	107	116	Skin cell	T025	C0814995
27283994	117	129	regeneration	T042	C0034963
27283994	134	147	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27283994	173	181	recovery	T040	C2004454
27283994	187	200	skin injuries	T037	C0281980
27283994	202	207	Rapid	T080	C0456962
27283994	208	222	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27283994	227	239	regeneration	T042	C0034963
27283994	243	253	skin cells	T025	C0814995
27283994	280	287	healing	T040	C0043240
27283994	291	298	wounded	T033	C0332797
27283994	299	303	skin	T022	C1123023
27283994	339	350	investigate	T169	C1292732
27283994	355	368	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27283994	369	378	potential	T080	C3245505
27283994	382	389	juglone	T109,T121	C0064170
27283994	413	417	Pin1	T116,T126	C1453967
27283994	418	427	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27283994	437	444	walnuts	T168	C0993635
27283994	446	465	Cultured skin cells	T025	C0007635
27283994	467	471	NHDF	T025	C0007634
27283994	476	481	HaCaT	T025	C0007634
27283994	487	500	hairless mice	T015	C0025924
27283994	506	518	treated with	T061	C0332293
27283994	519	526	juglone	T109,T121	C0064170
27283994	574	588	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27283994	617	628	expressions	T045	C1171362
27283994	632	646	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27283994	655	663	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27283994	665	669	Rac1	T116,T126	C0139880
27283994	671	676	Cdc42	T116,T126	C0082645
27283994	682	687	α-PAK	T116,T126	C0299856
27283994	690	698	collagen	T116	C0009325
27283994	699	709	deposition	T169	C0333562
27283994	715	727	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27283994	733	741	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27283994	743	750	Juglone	T109,T121	C0064170
27283994	751	760	treatment	T061	C0087111
27283994	788	794	growth	T043	C0007595
27283994	799	808	migration	T043	C1622501
27283994	823	838	cell morphology	T201	C1521816
27283994	858	871	concentration	T081	C1446561
27283994	884	894	skin cells	T025	C0814995
27283994	911	920	untreated	T033	C0332155
27283994	921	926	group	T098	C1257890
27283994	928	935	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27283994	936	947	experiments	T062	C0681814
27283994	960	964	mice	T015	C0026809
27283994	965	977	treated with	T061	C0332293
27283994	978	985	juglone	T109,T121	C0064170
27283994	1000	1013	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27283994	1031	1035	skin	T022	C1123023
27283994	1036	1046	morphology	T080	C0332437
27283994	1051	1059	collagen	T116	C0009325
27283994	1060	1070	deposition	T169	C0333562
27283994	1080	1093	vehicle group	T096	C0009932
27283994	1108	1115	juglone	T109,T121	C0064170
27283994	1130	1140	activation	T044	C3822610
27283994	1148	1158	expression	T045	C1171362
27283994	1162	1167	Cdc42	T116,T126	C0082645
27283994	1169	1173	Rac1	T116,T126	C0139880
27283994	1179	1184	α-pak	T116,T126	C0299856
27283994	1188	1199	HaCaT cells	T025	C0007634
27283994	1217	1225	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27283994	1226	1238	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27283994	1242	1259	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27283994	1261	1267	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27283994	1270	1277	Juglone	T109,T121	C0064170
27283994	1293	1308	MAPKs signaling	T044	C0752320
27283994	1312	1322	activation	T044	C3822610
27283994	1326	1329	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27283994	1331	1334	JNK	T116,T126	C0248813
27283994	1340	1343	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27283994	1344	1352	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27283994	1394	1401	juglone	T109,T121	C0064170
27283994	1435	1448	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27283994	1453	1457	skin	T022	C1123023
27283994	1458	1470	regeneration	T042	C0034963
27283994	1477	1488	ameliorates	T080	C0205556
27283994	1489	1502	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27283994	1513	1522	promoting	T052	C0033414
27283994	1523	1527	skin	T022	C1123023
27283994	1528	1542	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27283994	1551	1555	Rac1	T116,T126	C0139880
27283994	1558	1563	Cdc42	T116,T126	C0082645
27283994	1566	1569	PAK	T116,T126	C0072402
27283994	1570	1577	pathway	T043	C0037083

27284118|t|Tibia stress fracture secondary to obsessive compulsive disorder
27284118|a|Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Early-onset OCD is one of the most common mental illnesses of children and adolescents, with a prevalence of 1% to 3%. It is related to worse lifespan symptoms and prognosis. Therefore, the treatment of OCD in children and adolescent has gained importance. If it is not treated successfully, the compulsive behaviors may cause extreme stress for children and their parents. Although minor complications of OCD are commonly observed, major complications are considerably rare due to the nature of compulsive behaviors. Apparently, loss of vision, autocastration, rectal prolapse are examples of major complications secondary to OCD. As far as we know, it is the first case of tibia stress fracture secondary to OCD. In the present case report, we will discuss tibia stress fracture developing secondary to compulsive behavior due to OCD.
27284118	0	21	Tibia stress fracture	T037	C2711399
27284118	35	64	obsessive compulsive disorder	T048	C0028768
27284118	65	94	Obsessive compulsive disorder	T048	C0028768
27284118	96	99	OCD	T048	C0028768
27284118	106	134	chronic psychiatric disorder	T048	C0870281
27284118	152	162	obsessions	T048	C0233697
27284118	167	178	compulsions	T048	C0600104
27284118	180	191	Early-onset	T033	C1833334
27284118	192	195	OCD	T048	C0028768
27284118	222	238	mental illnesses	T048	C0004936
27284118	242	250	children	T100	C0008059
27284118	255	266	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27284118	275	285	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27284118	322	330	lifespan	T102	C0870809
27284118	331	339	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27284118	344	353	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27284118	370	379	treatment	T061	C0087111
27284118	383	386	OCD	T048	C0028768
27284118	390	398	children	T100	C0008059
27284118	403	413	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27284118	450	457	treated	T169	C1522326
27284118	476	496	compulsive behaviors	T048	C0600104
27284118	515	521	stress	T048	C0038443
27284118	526	534	children	T100	C0008059
27284118	545	552	parents	T099	C0030551
27284118	569	582	complications	T078	C2362589
27284118	586	589	OCD	T048	C0028768
27284118	619	632	complications	T078	C2362589
27284118	650	654	rare	T080	C0522498
27284118	676	696	compulsive behaviors	T048	C0600104
27284118	710	724	loss of vision	T047	C1398668
27284118	726	740	autocastration	T037	C0178314
27284118	742	757	rectal prolapse	T047	C0034888
27284118	780	793	complications	T078	C2362589
27284118	807	810	OCD	T048	C0028768
27284118	855	876	tibia stress fracture	T037	C2711399
27284118	890	893	OCD	T048	C0028768
27284118	910	921	case report	T170	C0085973
27284118	939	960	tibia stress fracture	T037	C2711399
27284118	985	1004	compulsive behavior	T048	C0600104
27284118	1012	1015	OCD	T048	C0028768

27284491|t|Mutation profiles of synchronous colorectal cancers from a patient with Lynch syndrome suggest distinct oncogenic pathways
27284491|a|Patients with Lynch syndrome often present with multiple synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancers (CRCs). The presence of multiple CRCs with distinct genetic profiles and driver mutations could complicate treatment as each cancer may respond differently to therapy. Studies of sporadic CRCs suggested that synchronous tumors have distinct etiologies, but could not rule out differences in genetic background. The presence of multiple cancers in a patient with a predisposing mutation provides an opportunity to profile synchronous cancers in the same genetic background. Here, we describe the case of a patient with Lynch syndrome that presented with six synchronous CRCs. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and genomic profiling indicated that each lesion had a unique pattern of instability and a distinct profile of affected genes. These findings support the idea that in Lynch syndrome, synchronous CRCs can develop in parallel with distinct mutation profiles and that these differences may inform treatment decisions.
27284491	0	8	Mutation	T045	C0026882
27284491	9	17	profiles	T169	C2003903
27284491	21	32	synchronous	T191	C0027663
27284491	33	51	colorectal cancers	T191	C1527249
27284491	59	66	patient	T101	C0030705
27284491	72	86	Lynch syndrome	T191	C1333990
27284491	104	113	oncogenic	T191	C0596263
27284491	114	122	pathways	T077	C1705987
27284491	123	131	Patients	T101	C0030705
27284491	137	151	Lynch syndrome	T191	C1333990
27284491	171	191	multiple synchronous	T191	C0027663
27284491	195	207	metachronous	T191	C1334703
27284491	208	226	colorectal cancers	T191	C1527249
27284491	228	232	CRCs	T191	C1527249
27284491	251	259	multiple	T081	C0439064
27284491	260	264	CRCs	T191	C1527249
27284491	279	295	genetic profiles	T059	C2986505
27284491	307	316	mutations	T045	C0026882
27284491	323	333	complicate	T169	C0231242
27284491	334	343	treatment	T169	C0039798
27284491	352	358	cancer	T191	C0006826
27284491	363	370	respond	T032	C0871261
27284491	371	382	differently	T080	C1705242
27284491	386	393	therapy	T061	C0087111
27284491	406	414	sporadic	T033	C1853237
27284491	415	419	CRCs	T191	C1527249
27284491	435	453	synchronous tumors	T191	C0027663
27284491	459	478	distinct etiologies	T169	C0015127
27284491	518	536	genetic background	T032	C4042916
27284491	554	570	multiple cancers	T191	C0346429
27284491	576	583	patient	T101	C0030705
27284491	591	603	predisposing	T169	C0231203
27284491	604	612	mutation	T045	C0026882
27284491	625	636	opportunity	T062	C0683937
27284491	640	647	profile	T169	C2003903
27284491	648	667	synchronous cancers	T191	C0027663
27284491	680	698	genetic background	T032	C4042916
27284491	732	739	patient	T101	C0030705
27284491	745	759	Lynch syndrome	T191	C1333990
27284491	784	795	synchronous	T191	C0027663
27284491	796	800	CRCs	T191	C1527249
27284491	802	828	Microsatellite instability	T046	C0920269
27284491	830	833	MSI	T046	C0920269
27284491	839	856	genomic profiling	T059	C2986505
27284491	877	883	lesion	T033	C0221198
27284491	890	896	unique	T080	C1710548
27284491	897	904	pattern	T082	C0449774
27284491	908	919	instability	T033	C1444783
27284491	926	942	distinct profile	T169	C2003903
27284491	946	960	affected genes	T028	C0017337
27284491	968	976	findings	T169	C2607943
27284491	1002	1016	Lynch syndrome	T191	C1333990
27284491	1018	1034	synchronous CRCs	T191	C0027663
27284491	1073	1081	mutation	T045	C0026882
27284491	1082	1090	profiles	T169	C2003903
27284491	1129	1148	treatment decisions	T033	C4061230

27284493|t|Sensitization to the motor stimulant effects of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and cross-sensitization to methamphetamine in rats
27284493|a|In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in abuse of the synthetic cathinone 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), often in combination with other illicit stimulants. We sought to determine if repeated exposure to MDPV would produce sensitization to the motor stimulant effects of the drug, and whether cross-sensitization would develop with the stimulant effects of methamphetamine (METH). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered MDPV (1 or 5 mg/kg) or saline once daily for 5 days at 24 hour intervals, or were administered MDPV (1 mg/kg) or saline once daily for 5 days at 48 hour intervals. For cross-sensitization experiments, rats were administered METH (1 mg/kg) or MDPV (1 or 5 mg/kg) once daily for 5 days at 48 hour intervals, and following a 5 day incubation period, were given an acute challenge injection of either MDPV (0.5 mg/kg) or METH (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. Rats repeatedly administered MDPV (1 mg/kg) every 48 hours, but not every 24 hours, demonstrated increased motor activity when given either a subsequent challenge of MDPV (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) or METH (0.5 mg/kg), indicating the development of behavioral sensitization and cross-sensitization, respectively. Moreover, rats repeatedly administered METH (1 mg/kg) every 48 hours did not exhibit cross-sensitization to the motor stimulating effects of a subsequent challenge with MDPV (0.5 mg/kg). These results suggest that specific patterns of MDPV administration may lead to lasting changes in behavioral responses to subsequent METH exposure.
27284493	0	13	Sensitization	T040	C1325847
27284493	21	26	motor	T025	C0026609
27284493	27	36	stimulant	T121	C0304402
27284493	37	44	effects	T080	C1280500
27284493	48	78	3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone	T109	C2974592
27284493	80	84	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	90	109	cross-sensitization	T040	C1325847
27284493	113	128	methamphetamine	T109,T131	C0025611
27284493	132	136	rats	T015	C0086893
27284493	147	152	years	T079	C0439234
27284493	180	188	increase	T081	C0205217
27284493	192	197	abuse	T048	C0013146
27284493	205	224	synthetic cathinone	T109,T121	C0054876
27284493	225	255	3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone	T109	C2974592
27284493	257	261	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	273	284	combination	T080	C0205195
27284493	296	303	illicit	T169	C0332266
27284493	304	314	stimulants	T121	C0304402
27284493	342	350	repeated	T169	C0205341
27284493	351	362	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27284493	363	367	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	382	395	sensitization	T040	C1325847
27284493	403	408	motor	T025	C0026609
27284493	409	418	stimulant	T121	C0304402
27284493	419	426	effects	T080	C1280500
27284493	434	438	drug	T121	C0013227
27284493	452	471	cross-sensitization	T040	C1325847
27284493	478	485	develop	T169	C1527148
27284493	495	504	stimulant	T121	C0304402
27284493	505	512	effects	T080	C1280500
27284493	516	531	methamphetamine	T109,T131	C0025611
27284493	533	537	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27284493	540	544	Male	T032	C0086582
27284493	545	564	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
27284493	570	582	administered	T081	C0001555
27284493	583	587	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	606	612	saline	T167	C0036082
27284493	613	623	once daily	T079	C0556983
27284493	630	634	days	T079	C0439228
27284493	641	645	hour	T079	C0439227
27284493	646	655	intervals	T079	C1272706
27284493	665	677	administered	T081	C0001555
27284493	678	682	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	696	702	saline	T167	C0036082
27284493	703	713	once daily	T079	C0556983
27284493	720	724	days	T079	C0439228
27284493	731	735	hour	T079	C0439227
27284493	736	745	intervals	T079	C1272706
27284493	751	770	cross-sensitization	T040	C1325847
27284493	771	782	experiments	T062	C0205664
27284493	784	788	rats	T015	C0034715
27284493	794	806	administered	T081	C0001555
27284493	807	811	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27284493	825	829	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	845	855	once daily	T079	C0556983
27284493	862	866	days	T079	C0439228
27284493	873	877	hour	T079	C0439227
27284493	878	887	intervals	T079	C1272706
27284493	907	910	day	T079	C0439228
27284493	911	928	incubation period	T033	C1320226
27284493	960	969	injection	T122	C1272883
27284493	980	984	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	1000	1004	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27284493	1032	1036	Rats	T015	C0034715
27284493	1037	1047	repeatedly	T169	C0205341
27284493	1048	1060	administered	T081	C0001555
27284493	1061	1065	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	1085	1090	hours	T079	C0439227
27284493	1109	1114	hours	T079	C0439227
27284493	1129	1138	increased	T081	C0205217
27284493	1139	1153	motor activity	T033	C0243095
27284493	1198	1202	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	1223	1227	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27284493	1256	1281	development of behavioral	T040	C2825534
27284493	1282	1295	sensitization	T040	C1325847
27284493	1300	1319	cross-sensitization	T040	C1325847
27284493	1345	1349	rats	T015	C0034715
27284493	1361	1373	administered	T081	C0001555
27284493	1374	1378	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27284493	1398	1403	hours	T079	C0439227
27284493	1420	1439	cross-sensitization	T040	C1325847
27284493	1447	1452	motor	T025	C0026609
27284493	1453	1464	stimulating	T070	C1948023
27284493	1465	1472	effects	T080	C1280500
27284493	1504	1508	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	1528	1535	results	T169	C1274040
27284493	1558	1566	patterns	T082	C0449774
27284493	1570	1574	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27284493	1575	1589	administration	T081	C0001555
27284493	1621	1631	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27284493	1632	1641	responses	T032	C0871261
27284493	1656	1660	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27284493	1661	1669	exposure	T080	C0332157

27284958|t|Nonamplification ERBB2 genomic alterations in 5605 cases of recurrent and metastatic breast cancer: An emerging opportunity for anti-HER2 targeted therapies
27284958|a|Activating, nonamplification ERBB2 mutations (ERBB2mut) are not detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), but are detected by DNA sequencing and may predict clinical responses to human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)- targeted therapy. The authors queried 5605 advanced/metastatic breast cancers (mBC) to uncover the frequency of ERBB2mut genomic alterations. Clinical responses to anti-HER2 therapeutics were identified. DNA was extracted from 40 µm of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) was used to evaluate up to 315 genes (592× mean coverage depth). Results were analyzed for base substitutions, short indels, copy number changes, and selected rearrangements. Of 5605 cases, 698 (12.5%) featured ERBB2 alterations, including 596 (10.6%) ERBB2 amplifications (ERBB2amp) and 138 (2.4%) ERBB2mut; 38 cases (0.7%) had co-occurring ERBB2amp and ERBB2mut. ERBB2mut predominantly affected the kinase (124 cases; 90%) or extracellular (15 cases; 11%) domains. Both primary BC (52 cases; 38%) and metastatic site biopsies (86 cases; 62%) were found to harbor ERBB2mut, which were distributed across carcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) (69 cases; 50%), invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) (40 cases; 29%), invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) (27 cases; 20%), and mucinous mBC (2 cases; 1%). Genes commonly coaltered with ERBB2 were tumor protein 53 (TP53) (49%); phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) (42%); cadherin 1, type 1 (CDH1) (37%); MYC (17%); and cyclin D1 protein (CCND1) (16%). CDH1 mutations were enriched in ERBB2mut mBC (P<0.0006) and associated with recurrent mBC. Selected patients with ERBB2mut, without ERBB2amp, who responded to anti-HER2 targeted therapies are presented herein. Within this large series, 1.8% of cases harbored ERBB2mut, which are undetectable by standard-of-care IHC or FISH tests. Metastatic BC driven by ERBB2mut respond to anti-HER2 targeted therapies, and expanding clinical trials designed to detect ERBB2mut by CGP and optimize targeted treatments are warranted. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2654-2662. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
27284958	0	16	Nonamplification	T033	C0243095
27284958	17	22	ERBB2	T028	C0242957
27284958	23	42	genomic alterations	T045	C0596611
27284958	51	56	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	60	69	recurrent	T191	C0278493
27284958	74	98	metastatic breast cancer	T191	C0278488
27284958	128	137	anti-HER2	T033	C0243095
27284958	138	156	targeted therapies	T061	C3854476
27284958	169	185	nonamplification	T033	C0243095
27284958	186	191	ERBB2	T028	C0242957
27284958	192	201	mutations	T045	C0596611
27284958	203	211	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	233	253	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27284958	255	258	IHC	T060	C0021044
27284958	263	297	fluorescence in situ hybridization	T063	C0162789
27284958	299	303	FISH	T063	C0162789
27284958	326	340	DNA sequencing	T059	C1294197
27284958	357	375	clinical responses	T033	C4055223
27284958	379	417	human epidermal growth factor receptor	T116,T126,T192	C1702024
27284958	419	423	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C1702024
27284958	426	442	targeted therapy	T061	C3854476
27284958	469	503	advanced/metastatic breast cancers	T191	C0278488
27284958	505	508	mBC	T191	C0278488
27284958	525	534	frequency	T079	C0439603
27284958	538	546	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	547	566	genomic alterations	T045	C0596611
27284958	568	586	Clinical responses	T033	C4055223
27284958	590	599	anti-HER2	T033	C0243095
27284958	600	612	therapeutics	T061	C0087111
27284958	618	628	identified	T080	C0205396
27284958	630	633	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27284958	662	710	formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections	T024	C2711483
27284958	712	743	Comprehensive genomic profiling	T059	C0022885
27284958	745	748	CGP	T059	C0022885
27284958	781	786	genes	T028	C0017337
27284958	815	822	Results	T169	C1274040
27284958	841	859	base substitutions	T045	C1158746
27284958	861	873	short indels	T045	C1956002
27284958	875	894	copy number changes	T045	C2717926
27284958	900	923	selected rearrangements	T045	C0017287
27284958	933	938	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	961	966	ERBB2	T028	C0242957
27284958	967	978	alterations	T045	C0596611
27284958	1002	1007	ERBB2	T028	C0242957
27284958	1008	1022	amplifications	T045	C0017256
27284958	1024	1032	ERBB2amp	T045	C0017256
27284958	1049	1057	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	1062	1067	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	1092	1100	ERBB2amp	T045	C0017256
27284958	1105	1113	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	1115	1123	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	1151	1157	kinase	T116,T126	C0031727
27284958	1163	1168	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	1178	1191	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27284958	1208	1215	domains	T082	C1517050
27284958	1222	1232	primary BC	T191	C0678222
27284958	1237	1242	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	1253	1268	metastatic site	T033	C0280457
27284958	1269	1277	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27284958	1282	1287	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	1315	1323	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	1355	1364	carcinoma	T191	C0007097
27284958	1399	1404	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	1412	1437	invasive ductal carcinoma	T191	C1134719
27284958	1439	1442	IDC	T191	C1134719
27284958	1448	1453	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	1461	1487	invasive lobular carcinoma	T191	C0279565
27284958	1489	1492	ILC	T191	C0279565
27284958	1498	1503	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	1515	1527	mucinous mBC	T191	C1334807
27284958	1531	1536	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	1543	1548	Genes	T028	C0017337
27284958	1573	1578	ERBB2	T028	C0242957
27284958	1584	1600	tumor protein 53	T028	C0079419
27284958	1602	1606	TP53	T028	C0079419
27284958	1615	1668	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	T028	C1335212
27284958	1670	1676	PIK3CA	T028	C1335212
27284958	1685	1703	cadherin 1, type 1	T028	C0694872
27284958	1705	1709	CDH1	T028	C0694872
27284958	1718	1721	MYC	T028	C0086661
27284958	1733	1750	cyclin D1 protein	T028	C1413172
27284958	1752	1757	CCND1	T028	C1413172
27284958	1766	1770	CDH1	T028	C0694872
27284958	1771	1780	mutations	T045	C0596611
27284958	1798	1806	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	1807	1810	mBC	T191	C0278488
27284958	1826	1841	associated with	T080	C0332281
27284958	1842	1855	recurrent mBC	UnknownType	C0741681
27284958	1866	1874	patients	T101	C0030705
27284958	1880	1888	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	1898	1906	ERBB2amp	T045	C0017256
27284958	1925	1934	anti-HER2	T033	C0243095
27284958	1935	1953	targeted therapies	T061	C3854476
27284958	2010	2015	cases	T169	C0868928
27284958	2025	2033	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	2061	2077	standard-of-care	T061	C2936643
27284958	2078	2081	IHC	T060	C0021044
27284958	2085	2095	FISH tests	T063	C0162789
27284958	2097	2110	Metastatic BC	T191	C0278488
27284958	2121	2129	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	2141	2150	anti-HER2	T033	C0243095
27284958	2151	2169	targeted therapies	T061	C3854476
27284958	2185	2200	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27284958	2220	2228	ERBB2mut	T028	C0678941
27284958	2232	2235	CGP	T059	C0022885
27284958	2249	2268	targeted treatments	T061	C3854476

27285457|t|PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITORS ON PROGRESSION OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
27285457|a|To investigate the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4) on the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with Type 2 diabetes based on the DR severity scale. The medical records of 82 patients with Type 2 diabetes enrolled from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Fundus photographs were graded using Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study methods. The associations between baseline risk factors and progression of DR were investigated. Seven of 28 patients treated with DPP4 inhibitors and 26 of 54 treated with other hypoglycemic agents showed progression of retinopathy, defined as one or more steps on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale (P = 0.043). Only treatment with DPP4 inhibitors significantly reduced the progression of DR in patients after propensity score matching (P = 0.009). Treatment with DPP4 inhibitors was associated with a lower risk of DR progression (P = 0.011). Treatment with DPP4 inhibitors was the independent protective factor against the progression of DR, aside from improving glycemic control. This is the first study to show the benefits of DPP4 inhibitors in reducing DR progression, and provides encouraging preliminary data for further evaluation of DPP4 inhibitors in the progression of DR in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
27285457	0	21	PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF	T080	C1704420
27285457	22	55	DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE-4 INHIBITORS	T121	C1827106
27285457	59	70	PROGRESSION	T046	C0242656
27285457	74	94	DIABETIC RETINOPATHY	T047	C0011884
27285457	98	106	PATIENTS	T101	C0030705
27285457	112	127	TYPE 2 DIABETES	T047	C0011860
27285457	131	142	investigate	T169	C1292732
27285457	147	157	effects of	T080	C1704420
27285457	158	191	dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors	T121	C1827106
27285457	193	197	DPP4	T121	C1827106
27285457	206	217	progression	T046	C0242656
27285457	221	241	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
27285457	243	245	DR	T047	C0011884
27285457	250	258	patients	T101	C0030705
27285457	264	279	Type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27285457	293	295	DR	T047	C0011884
27285457	296	310	severity scale	T081	C0392762
27285457	316	331	medical records	T170	C0025102
27285457	338	346	patients	T101	C0030705
27285457	352	367	Type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27285457	400	415	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27285457	416	424	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27285457	426	444	Fundus photographs	T060	C0200189
27285457	450	456	graded	T185	C0441800
27285457	463	513	Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study methods	T170	C3899277
27285457	519	531	associations	T080	C0332281
27285457	540	548	baseline	T081	C1442488
27285457	549	561	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27285457	566	577	progression	T046	C0242656
27285457	581	583	DR	T047	C0011884
27285457	589	601	investigated	T169	C1292732
27285457	615	623	patients	T101	C0030705
27285457	624	631	treated	T169	C1522326
27285457	637	652	DPP4 inhibitors	T121	C1827106
27285457	666	673	treated	T169	C1522326
27285457	685	704	hypoglycemic agents	T121	C0020616
27285457	712	723	progression	T046	C0242656
27285457	727	738	retinopathy	T047	C0011884
27285457	776	824	Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scale	T081	C0392762
27285457	843	852	treatment	T169	C1522326
27285457	858	873	DPP4 inhibitors	T121	C1827106
27285457	888	895	reduced	T080	C0392756
27285457	900	911	progression	T046	C0242656
27285457	915	917	DR	T047	C0011884
27285457	921	929	patients	T101	C0030705
27285457	936	952	propensity score	T081	C2718044
27285457	975	984	Treatment	T169	C1522326
27285457	990	1005	DPP4 inhibitors	T121	C1827106
27285457	1010	1025	associated with	T080	C0332281
27285457	1028	1033	lower	T052	C2003888
27285457	1034	1038	risk	T078	C0035647
27285457	1042	1044	DR	T047	C0011884
27285457	1045	1056	progression	T046	C0242656
27285457	1070	1079	Treatment	T169	C1522326
27285457	1085	1100	DPP4 inhibitors	T121	C1827106
27285457	1109	1120	independent	T078	C0085862
27285457	1121	1138	protective factor	T169	C1521761
27285457	1151	1162	progression	T046	C0242656
27285457	1166	1168	DR	T047	C0011884
27285457	1181	1207	improving glycemic control	T033	C0243095
27285457	1245	1253	benefits	T081	C0814225
27285457	1257	1272	DPP4 inhibitors	T121	C1827106
27285457	1276	1284	reducing	T080	C0392756
27285457	1285	1287	DR	T047	C0011884
27285457	1288	1299	progression	T046	C0242656
27285457	1326	1337	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27285457	1338	1342	data	T078	C1511726
27285457	1355	1365	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27285457	1369	1384	DPP4 inhibitors	T121	C1827106
27285457	1392	1403	progression	T046	C0242656
27285457	1407	1409	DR	T047	C0011884
27285457	1415	1425	randomized	T062	C0034656
27285457	1427	1439	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27285457	1441	1465	placebo-controlled trial	T062,T170	C0599724

27285494|t|Parasympathetic Activity and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness in Athletes
27285494|a|A high prevalence of asthma and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) is reported in swimmers and cross-country skiers. It has been suggested that increased parasympathetic nervous activity is involved in asthma development in endurance athletes. We aimed to assess the associations of BHR to parasympathetic activity in healthy and asthmatic swimmers and cross-country skiers and healthy non athletes. Parasympathetic activity was measured by pupillometry and heart rate variability at the onset of exercise with the cardiac vagal index calculated in 28 cross-country skiers (♂18/♀10), 29 swimmers (♂17/♀12), and 30 healthy nonathlete controls (♂14/♀16) on two different days. All subjects performed a methacholine bronchial challenge with the provocation dose causing 20% decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s calculated (PD20met). Data were analyzed by robust regression analysis and presented as β coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI). PD20met was negatively associated with cardiac vagal index (-13.9, 95% CI = -26.8 to -1.0) in all subjects. When adjusted to the type of sport, this association was stronger in swimmers (-8.3, 95% CI = -13.0 to -3.6) as compared with controls and nonsignificant in cross-country skiers. Percent pupil constriction was significantly associated with PD20met in swimmers (-9.4, 95% CI = -15.4 to -3.4) only after adjusting for the type of sport. Fourteen swimmers (48%) and 16 cross-country skiers (57%) had doctor-diagnosed asthma in combination with current BHR and/or current use of asthma drugs. Seventy-two percent swimmers, 44% cross-country skiers, and 39% controls had a PD20met ≤8 μmol (P = 0.015). Fourteen swimmers had a PD20met ≤2 μmol as compared with one cross-country skier (P < 0.001). Parasympathetic activity measured in the heart is more closely related to BHR as compared with parasympathetic activity measured in the pupils. The type of sport influences BHR severity and its relationship to parasympathetic activity.
27285494	0	15	Parasympathetic	T023	C0459522
27285494	16	24	Activity	T043	C0234075
27285494	29	58	Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness	T047	C0085129
27285494	62	70	Athletes	T097	C0238703
27285494	73	88	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
27285494	92	98	asthma	T047	C0004096
27285494	103	132	bronchial hyperresponsiveness	T047	C0085129
27285494	134	137	BHR	T047	C0085129
27285494	154	162	swimmers	T098	C0450068
27285494	167	187	cross-country skiers	T033	C0425040
27285494	216	225	increased	T081	C0205217
27285494	226	241	parasympathetic	T023	C0459522
27285494	242	258	nervous activity	T043	C0234075
27285494	274	280	asthma	T047	C0004096
27285494	296	305	endurance	T033	C0518031
27285494	306	314	athletes	T097	C0238703
27285494	328	334	assess	T058	C0184514
27285494	355	358	BHR	T047	C0085129
27285494	362	377	parasympathetic	T023	C0459522
27285494	378	386	activity	T043	C0234075
27285494	390	397	healthy	T080	C3898900
27285494	402	411	asthmatic	T047	C0004096
27285494	412	420	swimmers	T098	C0450068
27285494	425	445	cross-country skiers	T033	C0425040
27285494	450	457	healthy	T080	C3898900
27285494	462	470	athletes	T097	C0238703
27285494	472	487	Parasympathetic	T023	C0459522
27285494	488	496	activity	T043	C0234075
27285494	501	509	measured	T080	C0444706
27285494	513	525	pupillometry	T060	C0260180
27285494	530	540	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27285494	541	552	variability	T077	C2827666
27285494	560	568	onset of	T080	C0332162
27285494	569	577	exercise	T056	C0015259
27285494	587	606	cardiac vagal index	T081	C0392762
27285494	624	644	cross-country skiers	T033	C0425040
27285494	772	784	methacholine	T109,T121	C0600370
27285494	785	804	bronchial challenge	T060	C2061924
27285494	814	825	provocation	T067	C0449428
27285494	826	830	dose	T081	C0178602
27285494	891	901	calculated	T052	C1441506
27285494	903	910	PD20met	T121	C1254351
27285494	913	917	Data	T078	C1511726
27285494	923	931	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27285494	935	941	robust	T080	C2986815
27285494	942	961	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27285494	1003	1023	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27285494	1025	1027	CI	T081	C0009667
27285494	1030	1037	PD20met	T121	C1254351
27285494	1053	1068	associated with	T080	C0332281
27285494	1069	1088	cardiac vagal index	T081	C0392762
27285494	1101	1103	CI	T081	C0009667
27285494	1128	1136	subjects	T098	C0080105
27285494	1167	1172	sport	T056	C0038039
27285494	1207	1215	swimmers	T098	C0450068
27285494	1227	1229	CI	T081	C0009667
27285494	1264	1272	controls	T096	C0009932
27285494	1295	1315	cross-country skiers	T033	C0425040
27285494	1325	1343	pupil constriction	T047	C0026205
27285494	1362	1377	associated with	T080	C0332281
27285494	1378	1385	PD20met	T121	C1254351
27285494	1389	1397	swimmers	T098	C0450068
27285494	1409	1411	CI	T081	C0009667
27285494	1466	1471	sport	T056	C0038039
27285494	1482	1490	swimmers	T098	C0450068
27285494	1504	1524	cross-country skiers	T033	C0425040
27285494	1535	1558	doctor-diagnosed asthma	T047	C3843752
27285494	1587	1590	BHR	T047	C0085129
27285494	1613	1619	asthma	T047	C0004096
27285494	1620	1625	drugs	T121	C1254351
27285494	1647	1655	swimmers	T098	C0450068
27285494	1661	1681	cross-country skiers	T033	C0425040
27285494	1691	1699	controls	T096	C0009932
27285494	1706	1713	PD20met	T121	C1254351
27285494	1744	1752	swimmers	T098	C0450068
27285494	1759	1766	PD20met	T121	C1254351
27285494	1796	1815	cross-country skier	T033	C0425040
27285494	1829	1844	Parasympathetic	T023	C0459522
27285494	1845	1853	activity	T043	C0234075
27285494	1854	1862	measured	T080	C0444706
27285494	1870	1875	heart	T023	C0018787
27285494	1903	1906	BHR	T047	C0085129
27285494	1924	1939	parasympathetic	T023	C0459522
27285494	1940	1948	activity	T043	C0234075
27285494	1949	1957	measured	T080	C0444706
27285494	1965	1971	pupils	T023	C0034121
27285494	1985	1990	sport	T056	C0038039
27285494	2002	2005	BHR	T047	C0085129
27285494	2039	2054	parasympathetic	T023	C0459522
27285494	2055	2063	activity	T043	C0234075

27286118|t|The relationship between histological prostatitis and lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function
27286118|a|This prospective analysis assessed the effect of histological prostatitis on lower urinary tract functions and sexual function. The patients were separated into two groups as histologically observed prostatitis (Group A) and no prostatitis (Group B) according to the biopsy outcomes. International prostate symptom score, international index of erectile function-5 scores, maximal and average flow rate, and residual urine volumes were compared statistically between groups. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in baseline age (t=0.64), body mass index value (t=0.51), prostate volume (t=0.87), prostate-specific antigen levels (t=0.43), maximal (t=0.84) and average flow rate (t=0.59), and post-void residual urine volume (t=0.71). Mean international prostate symptom score in patients with prostatitis was numerically but not significantly higher than that in those without prostatitis (t=0.794, P=0.066). Mean international index of erectile function-5 score in the prostatitis group was significantly lower than that in those without prostatitis (t=1.854, P=0.013). Histological prostatitis notably affected sexual function of patients and may serve as a major risk factor for sexual dysfunction while having little effect on lower urinary tract symptoms.
27286118	4	16	relationship	T080	C0439849
27286118	25	37	histological	T169	C0205462
27286118	38	49	prostatitis	T047	C0033581
27286118	54	82	lower urinary tract symptoms	T184	C0574785
27286118	87	102	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27286118	108	128	prospective analysis	T062	C0033522
27286118	129	137	assessed	T052	C1516048
27286118	142	148	effect	T080	C1280500
27286118	152	164	histological	T169	C0205462
27286118	165	176	prostatitis	T047	C0033581
27286118	180	199	lower urinary tract	T022	C0729866
27286118	200	209	functions	T169	C0542341
27286118	214	229	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27286118	235	243	patients	T101	C0030705
27286118	249	258	separated	T080	C0443299
27286118	268	274	groups	T078	C0441833
27286118	278	292	histologically	T169	C0205462
27286118	293	301	observed	T169	C1441672
27286118	302	313	prostatitis	T047	C0033581
27286118	315	322	Group A	T078	C0441833
27286118	328	342	no prostatitis	T033	C0243095
27286118	344	351	Group B	T078	C0441833
27286118	370	376	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27286118	377	385	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27286118	387	423	International prostate symptom score	T170	C1998280
27286118	425	474	international index of erectile function-5 scores	T201	C2959364
27286118	476	483	maximal	T033	C0429784
27286118	488	505	average flow rate	T033	C0429785
27286118	511	533	residual urine volumes	T033	C0429774
27286118	539	547	compared	T052	C1707455
27286118	570	576	groups	T078	C0441833
27286118	591	602	significant	T081	C0237881
27286118	603	613	difference	T080	C1705242
27286118	626	634	baseline	T081	C1442488
27286118	635	638	age	T032	C0001779
27286118	649	670	body mass index value	T201	C1305855
27286118	681	696	prostate volume	T081	C1441416
27286118	707	739	prostate-specific antigen levels	T059	C0201544
27286118	750	757	maximal	T033	C0429784
27286118	771	788	average flow rate	T033	C0429785
27286118	803	812	post-void	T079	C1439885
27286118	813	834	residual urine volume	T033	C0429774
27286118	845	849	Mean	T081	C0444504
27286118	850	886	international prostate symptom score	T170	C1998280
27286118	890	898	patients	T101	C0030705
27286118	904	915	prostatitis	T047	C0033581
27286118	920	931	numerically	T081	C0243174
27286118	940	960	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27286118	980	987	without	T080	C0332288
27286118	988	999	prostatitis	T047	C0033581
27286118	1020	1024	Mean	T081	C0444504
27286118	1025	1073	international index of erectile function-5 score	T201	C2959364
27286118	1081	1092	prostatitis	T047	C0033581
27286118	1093	1098	group	T078	C0441833
27286118	1103	1122	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27286118	1142	1149	without	T080	C0332288
27286118	1150	1161	prostatitis	T047	C0033581
27286118	1182	1194	Histological	T169	C0205462
27286118	1195	1206	prostatitis	T047	C0033581
27286118	1215	1223	affected	T169	C0392760
27286118	1224	1239	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27286118	1243	1251	patients	T101	C0030705
27286118	1271	1276	major	T080	C0205164
27286118	1277	1288	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27286118	1293	1311	sexual dysfunction	T047	C0549622
27286118	1332	1338	effect	T080	C1280500
27286118	1342	1370	lower urinary tract symptoms	T184	C0574785

27286174|t|Beyond " Median Waiting Time ": Development and Validation of a Competing Risk Model to Predict Outcomes on the Kidney Transplant Waiting List
27286174|a|Median historical time to kidney transplant is misleading because it does not convey the competing risks of death or removal from the waiting list. We developed and validated a competing risk model to calculate likelihood of outcomes for kidney transplant candidates and demonstrate how this information differs from median time to transplant. Data were obtained from the US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. The retrospective cohort included 163 636 adults listed for kidney transplant before December 31, 2011. Predictors were age, sex, blood type, calculated panel-reactive antibodies, donation service area, dialysis duration, comorbid conditions, and body mass index. Outcomes were deceased or living donor transplant, death or removal from the list due to deteriorating medical condition, or removal due to other reasons. We calculated hazards for the possible outcomes, then the cumulative incidence function for a given candidate using competing risk methodology. Discrimination and calibration were assessed through C statistics and calibration plots for each cause - specific Cox proportional hazard model. C statistics ranged from 0.64 to 0.73. Calibration plots showed good calibration. The competing risk model shows probability of all possible outcomes for up to 12 years given a candidate's characteristics, contrasted with the median waiting time for that candidate's donation service area. A competing risk model conveys more relevant information than the median waiting time for a given transplant center. This model will be updated to create a calculator reflecting the most recent outcomes and changes in allocation policy. It illustrates the conversations that should be initiated with transplant candidates.
27286174	9	15	Median	T081	C0876920
27286174	16	28	Waiting Time	T079	C0814636
27286174	32	43	Development	T169	C1527148
27286174	48	58	Validation	T062	C1519941
27286174	74	84	Risk Model	UnknownType	C0679713
27286174	88	95	Predict	T078	C0681842
27286174	96	104	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27286174	112	118	Kidney	T023	C0022646
27286174	119	142	Transplant Waiting List	T170	C3272315
27286174	143	149	Median	T081	C0876920
27286174	150	160	historical	T079	C0019659
27286174	161	165	time	T079	C0040223
27286174	169	186	kidney transplant	T061	C0022671
27286174	242	247	risks	T078	C0035647
27286174	251	256	death	T040	C0011065
27286174	260	289	removal from the waiting list	T033	C0420299
27286174	330	340	risk model	UnknownType	C0679713
27286174	344	353	calculate	T052	C1441506
27286174	368	376	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27286174	381	398	kidney transplant	T061	C0022671
27286174	399	409	candidates	T098	C0524355
27286174	435	446	information	T078	C1533716
27286174	447	454	differs	T080	C1705242
27286174	460	466	median	T081	C0876920
27286174	467	471	time	T079	C0814636
27286174	475	485	transplant	T061	C0022671
27286174	487	491	Data	T078	C1511726
27286174	497	505	obtained	T169	C1301820
27286174	515	537	US Scientific Registry	T170	C0034975
27286174	541	562	Transplant Recipients	T101	C0376387
27286174	568	588	retrospective cohort	T062	C2985505
27286174	606	612	adults	T100	C0001675
27286174	624	641	kidney transplant	T061	C0022671
27286174	668	678	Predictors	T033	C0035648
27286174	684	687	age	T032	C0001779
27286174	689	692	sex	T032	C0079399
27286174	694	704	blood type	T201	C1383165
27286174	706	716	calculated	T059	C1443182
27286174	717	742	panel-reactive antibodies	T059	C1141951
27286174	744	752	donation	T061	C0411257
27286174	753	765	service area	T083	C0007403
27286174	767	775	dialysis	T061	C0011946
27286174	776	784	duration	T079	C0449238
27286174	786	805	comorbid conditions	T033	C1275743
27286174	811	826	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27286174	828	836	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
27286174	854	866	living donor	T098	C0348050
27286174	867	877	transplant	T061	C0022671
27286174	879	884	death	T040	C0011065
27286174	888	909	removal from the list	T033	C0420299
27286174	910	916	due to	T169	C0678226
27286174	917	930	deteriorating	T080	C0332271
27286174	931	938	medical	T169	C0205476
27286174	939	948	condition	T080	C0348080
27286174	953	960	removal	T033	C0420299
27286174	961	967	due to	T169	C0678226
27286174	968	981	other reasons	T033	C3840932
27286174	986	996	calculated	T169	C0444686
27286174	997	1004	hazards	T080	C0598697
27286174	1013	1021	possible	T033	C0332149
27286174	1022	1030	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27286174	1041	1051	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27286174	1052	1061	incidence	T081	C0021149
27286174	1062	1070	function	T039	C0031843
27286174	1083	1092	candidate	T098	C0524355
27286174	1109	1113	risk	T078	C0035647
27286174	1114	1125	methodology	T078	C3266812
27286174	1127	1141	Discrimination	T041	C0012632
27286174	1146	1157	calibration	T081	C0006751
27286174	1163	1171	assessed	T052	C1516048
27286174	1172	1179	through	T169	C0332273
27286174	1180	1192	C statistics	UnknownType	C0681933
27286174	1197	1208	calibration	T081	C0006751
27286174	1209	1214	plots	T169	C1301732
27286174	1219	1223	each	T081	C1457900
27286174	1224	1229	cause	T169	C0015127
27286174	1232	1240	specific	T080	C0205369
27286174	1241	1270	Cox proportional hazard model	T081,T170	C0018623
27286174	1272	1284	C statistics	UnknownType	C0681933
27286174	1311	1322	Calibration	T081	C0006751
27286174	1323	1328	plots	T169	C1301732
27286174	1336	1340	good	T080	C0205170
27286174	1341	1352	calibration	T081	C0006751
27286174	1368	1378	risk model	UnknownType	C0679713
27286174	1385	1396	probability	T081	C0033204
27286174	1404	1412	possible	T033	C0332149
27286174	1413	1421	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27286174	1432	1440	12 years	T079	C0439234
27286174	1449	1460	candidate's	T098	C0524355
27286174	1461	1476	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27286174	1498	1504	median	T081	C0876920
27286174	1505	1517	waiting time	T079	C0814636
27286174	1527	1538	candidate's	T098	C0524355
27286174	1539	1547	donation	T061	C0411257
27286174	1548	1560	service area	T083	C0007403
27286174	1574	1584	risk model	UnknownType	C0679713
27286174	1598	1606	relevant	T080	C2347946
27286174	1607	1618	information	T078	C1533716
27286174	1628	1634	median	T081	C0876920
27286174	1635	1647	waiting time	T079	C0814636
27286174	1654	1659	given	T077	C1442162
27286174	1660	1677	transplant center	T093	C1708333
27286174	1684	1689	model	T081	C0033204
27286174	1698	1705	updated	T079	C1519814
27286174	1709	1715	create	T052	C1706214
27286174	1749	1755	recent	T079	C0332185
27286174	1756	1764	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27286174	1769	1776	changes	T169	C0392747
27286174	1780	1790	allocation	T052	C1706778
27286174	1791	1797	policy	T170	C0242456
27286174	1818	1831	conversations	T054	C0871703
27286174	1847	1856	initiated	T169	C1704686
27286174	1862	1872	transplant	T061	C0022671
27286174	1873	1883	candidates	T098	C0524355

27286333|t|Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oils from Different Species of Piper from Panama
27286333|a|The chemical composition of leaf essential oils from 11 species of Piper from Panama was analyzed by a combination GC-FID and GC-MS procedures. Six of them had sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as major constituents, three were characterized by monoterpene hydrocarbons, one by a diterpene, and one by a phenylpropanoid, dillapiole. The main components identified in each species were: cembratrienol (25.4 %) in Piper augustum; β-pinene (26.6 %) in Piper corrugatum; α-pinene (19.4 %) in Piper curtispicum; trans-β-farnesene (63.7 %) in Piper darienense; p-cymene (43.9 %) in Piper grande; dillapiole (57.7 %) in Piper hispidum; linalool (14.5 %), α-phellandrene (13.8 %), and limonene (12.2 %) in Piper jacquemontianum; β-caryophyllene (45.2 %) in Piper longispicum; linalool (16.5 %), α-phellandrene (11.8 %), limonene (11.4 %), and p-cymene (9.0 %) in Piper multiplinervium; β-selinene (19.0 %), β-elemene (16.1 %), and α-selinene (15.5 %) in Piper reticulatum; and germacrene D (19.7 %) in Piper trigonum. The essential oils of P. hispidum and P. longispicum at a concentration of 250 µg/mL showed larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, while the oils from P. curtispicum, P. multiplinervium, P. reticulatum, and P. trigonum were inactive (LC100 ≥ 500 µg/mL). The essential oils of P. grande, P. jacquemontianum, and P. multiplinervium showed no significant antifungal activity (MIC > 250 µg/mL) against several yeasts and filamentous fungal strains.
27286333	0	20	Chemical Composition	T070	C0243176
27286333	25	44	Biological Activity	T052	C0441655
27286333	48	62	Essential Oils	T109	C0028910
27286333	78	85	Species	T185	C1705920
27286333	89	94	Piper	T002	C0330232
27286333	100	106	Panama	T083	C0030266
27286333	111	131	chemical composition	T070	C0243176
27286333	135	139	leaf	T002	C0242724
27286333	140	154	essential oils	T109	C0028910
27286333	163	170	species	T185	C1705920
27286333	174	179	Piper	T002	C0330232
27286333	185	191	Panama	T083	C0030266
27286333	210	221	combination	T080	C0205195
27286333	222	228	GC-FID	T059	C0201752
27286333	233	249	GC-MS procedures	T059	C0024868
27286333	267	280	sesquiterpene	T109	C0036847
27286333	281	293	hydrocarbons	T109	C0020242
27286333	297	315	major constituents	T167	C0729650
27286333	328	341	characterized	T052	C1880022
27286333	345	356	monoterpene	T109	C0682997
27286333	357	369	hydrocarbons	T109	C0020242
27286333	380	389	diterpene	T109	C0012780
27286333	404	419	phenylpropanoid	T109	C0029224
27286333	421	431	dillapiole	T109,T123	C1567161
27286333	472	479	species	T185	C1705920
27286333	486	499	cembratrienol	T109	C0029224
27286333	512	526	Piper augustum	T002	C1062974
27286333	528	536	β-pinene	T109	C0076109
27286333	549	565	Piper corrugatum	T002	C0330232
27286333	567	575	α-pinene	T109,T130	C0051459
27286333	588	605	Piper curtispicum	T002	C2642369
27286333	607	624	trans-β-farnesene	T109	C0053429
27286333	637	653	Piper darienense	T002	C1062985
27286333	655	663	p-cymene	T109,T121	C0048220
27286333	676	688	Piper grande	T002	C2642388
27286333	690	700	dillapiole	T109,T123	C1567161
27286333	713	727	Piper hispidum	T002	C1062989
27286333	729	737	linalool	T109,T121	C0064997
27286333	748	762	α-phellandrene	T109	C0602210
27286333	777	785	limonene	T109,T121	C0064992
27286333	798	819	Piper jacquemontianum	T002	C2272006
27286333	821	836	β-caryophyllene	T109,T121	C0525503
27286333	849	866	Piper longispicum	T002	C1469484
27286333	868	876	linalool	T109,T121	C0064997
27286333	887	901	α-phellandrene	T109	C0602210
27286333	912	920	limonene	T109,T121	C0064992
27286333	935	943	p-cymene	T109,T121	C0048220
27286333	955	976	Piper multiplinervium	T002	C1090358
27286333	978	988	β-selinene	T109	C0256149
27286333	999	1008	β-elemene	T109,T123	C1101268
27286333	1023	1033	α-selinene	T109	C2714569
27286333	1046	1063	Piper reticulatum	T002	C1062997
27286333	1069	1081	germacrene D	T109	C0119091
27286333	1094	1108	Piper trigonum	T002	C2642474
27286333	1114	1128	essential oils	T109	C0028910
27286333	1132	1143	P. hispidum	T002	C1062989
27286333	1148	1162	P. longispicum	T002	C1469484
27286333	1168	1181	concentration	T081	C1446561
27286333	1202	1221	larvicidal activity	T033	C2825141
27286333	1230	1243	Aedes aegypti	T204	C0322859
27286333	1255	1259	oils	T109	C0028910
27286333	1265	1279	P. curtispicum	T002	C2642369
27286333	1281	1299	P. multiplinervium	T002	C1090358
27286333	1301	1315	P. reticulatum	T002	C1062997
27286333	1321	1332	P. trigonum	T002	C2642474
27286333	1338	1346	inactive	T081	C1705605
27286333	1372	1386	essential oils	T109	C0028910
27286333	1390	1399	P. grande	T002	C2642388
27286333	1401	1419	P. jacquemontianum	T002	C2272006
27286333	1425	1443	P. multiplinervium	T002	C1090358
27286333	1466	1485	antifungal activity	T044	C1321381
27286333	1520	1526	yeasts	T004	C0043393
27286333	1531	1557	filamentous fungal strains	T004	C0369241

27286759|t|Spatial analysis of drug poisoning deaths in the American West, particularly Utah
27286759|a|Most states in the Western US have high rates of drug poisoning death (DPD), especially New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona and Utah (UT). This seems paradoxical in UT where illicit drug use, smoking and drinking rates are low. To investigate this, spatial analysis of county level DPD data and other relevant factors in the Western US and UT was undertaken. Poisson kriging was used to smooth the DPD data, populate data gaps and improve the reliability of rates recorded in sparsely populated counties. Links between DPD and economic, environmental, health, lifestyle, and demographic factors were investigated at four scales using multiple linear regression. LDS church membership and altitude, factors not previously considered, were included. Spatial change in the strength and sign of relationships was investigated using geographically weighted regression and significant DPD clusters were identified using the Local Moran's I. Economic factors, like the sharp social gradient between rural and urban areas were important to DPD throughout the west. Higher DPD rates were also found in areas of higher elevation and the desert rural areas in the south. The unique characteristics of DPD in UT in terms of health and lifestyle factors, as well as the demographic structure of DPD in the most LDS populous states (UT, Idaho, Wyoming), suggest that high DPD in heavily LDS areas are predominantly prescription opioid related whereas in other Western states a larger proportion of DPD might come from illicit drugs. Drug policies need to be adapted to the geographical differences in the dominant type of drug causing death. Educational materials need to be marketed to the demographic groups at greatest risk and take into account differences in population characteristics between and within States. Some suggestions about how such adaptations can be made are given and future research needs outlined.
27286759	0	16	Spatial analysis	T062	C0814926
27286759	20	34	drug poisoning	T037	C0013221
27286759	35	41	deaths	T040	C0011065
27286759	49	62	American West	T083	C0041703
27286759	77	81	Utah	T083	C0042124
27286759	87	93	states	T083	C1301808
27286759	101	111	Western US	T083	C0041703
27286759	122	127	rates	T081	C0205848
27286759	131	145	drug poisoning	T037	C0013221
27286759	146	151	death	T040	C0011065
27286759	153	156	DPD	T040	C0011065
27286759	170	180	New Mexico	T083	C0027972
27286759	182	188	Nevada	T083	C0027951
27286759	190	197	Arizona	T083	C0003787
27286759	202	206	Utah	T083	C0042124
27286759	208	210	UT	T083	C0042124
27286759	224	235	paradoxical	T080	C0205310
27286759	239	241	UT	T083	C0042124
27286759	248	264	illicit drug use	T055	C0281875
27286759	266	273	smoking	T055	C0037369
27286759	278	292	drinking rates	T055	C0001948
27286759	297	300	low	T080	C0205251
27286759	323	339	spatial analysis	T062	C0814926
27286759	343	349	county	T083	C0079170
27286759	356	359	DPD	T040	C0011065
27286759	360	364	data	T078	C1511726
27286759	375	383	relevant	T080	C2347946
27286759	384	391	factors	T169	C1521761
27286759	399	409	Western US	T083	C0041703
27286759	414	416	UT	T083	C0042124
27286759	433	448	Poisson kriging	T062	C3494287
27286759	472	475	DPD	T040	C0011065
27286759	476	480	data	T078	C1511726
27286759	491	495	data	T078	C1511726
27286759	517	528	reliability	T081	C2347947
27286759	532	537	rates	T081	C0205848
27286759	550	577	sparsely populated counties	T083	C0079170
27286759	593	596	DPD	T040	C0011065
27286759	601	609	economic	T081	C0205749
27286759	611	624	environmental	T169	C1516998
27286759	626	632	health	T078	C0018684
27286759	634	643	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27286759	649	668	demographic factors	T078	C0011292
27286759	708	734	multiple linear regression	T081	C0023733
27286759	736	757	LDS church membership	UnknownType	C0683988
27286759	762	770	altitude	T081	C0002349
27286759	772	779	factors	T169	C1521761
27286759	822	836	Spatial change	T082	C0012727
27286759	844	852	strength	T078	C0808080
27286759	865	878	relationships	T080	C0439849
27286759	902	936	geographically weighted regression	T081	C4046053
27286759	953	956	DPD	T040	C0011065
27286759	957	965	clusters	T081	C1704332
27286759	992	1007	Local Moran's I	T062	C3825653
27286759	1009	1025	Economic factors	T081	C0205749
27286759	1042	1048	social	T169	C0728831
27286759	1049	1057	gradient	T081	C0812409
27286759	1066	1071	rural	T082	C0178837
27286759	1076	1087	urban areas	T082	C0178876
27286759	1106	1109	DPD	T040	C0011065
27286759	1131	1137	Higher	T080	C0205250
27286759	1138	1147	DPD rates	T081	C0205848
27286759	1167	1172	areas	T082	C0205146
27286759	1176	1182	higher	T080	C0205250
27286759	1183	1192	elevation	T082	C0702240
27286759	1201	1219	desert rural areas	T082	C0178837
27286759	1227	1232	south	T082	C1710133
27286759	1245	1260	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27286759	1264	1267	DPD	T040	C0011065
27286759	1271	1273	UT	T083	C0042124
27286759	1286	1292	health	T033	C0810377
27286759	1297	1306	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27286759	1331	1352	demographic structure	T102	C0683970
27286759	1356	1359	DPD	T040	C0011065
27286759	1372	1391	LDS populous states	T083	C1301808
27286759	1393	1395	UT	T083	C0042124
27286759	1397	1402	Idaho	T083	C0020787
27286759	1404	1411	Wyoming	T083	C0043287
27286759	1432	1435	DPD	T040	C0011065
27286759	1439	1456	heavily LDS areas	T083	C0017446
27286759	1488	1494	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27286759	1520	1534	Western states	T083	C0041703
27286759	1558	1561	DPD	T040	C0011065
27286759	1578	1591	illicit drugs	T131	C0086190
27286759	1593	1606	Drug policies	UnknownType	C0683727
27286759	1633	1657	geographical differences	T033	C0935553
27286759	1665	1673	dominant	T169	C1527180
27286759	1682	1686	drug	T121	C0013227
27286759	1695	1700	death	T040	C0011065
27286759	1702	1723	Educational materials	T065	C2919937
27286759	1735	1743	marketed	T080	C3640197
27286759	1751	1769	demographic groups	T078	C0441833
27286759	1773	1781	greatest	T081	C0205393
27286759	1782	1786	risk	T078	C0035647
27286759	1809	1820	differences	T080	C1705242
27286759	1824	1850	population characteristics	T102	C0032661
27286759	1870	1876	States	T083	C1301808
27286759	1883	1894	suggestions	T078	C1705535

27287100|t|Electrochemically assisted deposition of strontium modified magnesium phosphate on titanium surfaces
27287100|a|Electrochemically assisted deposition was utilized to produce ceramic coatings on the basis of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) on corundum - blasted titanium surfaces. By the addition of defined concentrations of strontium nitrate to the coating electrolyte Sr(2+) ions were successfully incorporated into the struvite matrix. By variation of deposition parameters it was possible to fabricate coatings with different kinetics of Sr(2+) into physiological media, whereas the release of therapeutically relevant strontium doses could be sustained over several weeks. Morphological and crystallographic examinations of the immersed coatings revealed that the degradation of struvite and the release of Sr(2+) ions were accompanied by a transformation of the coating to a calcium phosphate based phase similar to low-crystalline hydroxyapatite. These findings showed that strontium doped struvite coatings may provide a promising degradable coating system for the local application of strontium or other biologically active metal ions in the implant-bone interface.
27287100	0	37	Electrochemically assisted deposition	T169	C0333562
27287100	41	50	strontium	T196	C0038467
27287100	60	79	magnesium phosphate	T121,T197	C0065527
27287100	83	91	titanium	T196	C0040302
27287100	92	100	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27287100	101	138	Electrochemically assisted deposition	T169	C0333562
27287100	163	170	ceramic	T073	C0007742
27287100	171	179	coatings	T080	C1522408
27287100	196	224	magnesium ammonium phosphate	T123,T197	C0126771
27287100	226	234	struvite	T123,T197	C0075338
27287100	239	247	corundum	T197	C0086065
27287100	250	257	blasted	T070	C0337026
27287100	258	266	titanium	T196	C0040302
27287100	267	275	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27287100	322	339	strontium nitrate	T121,T197	C0536786
27287100	347	354	coating	T080	C1522408
27287100	355	366	electrolyte	T121,T197	C0013832
27287100	367	378	Sr(2+) ions	T196	C0038467
27287100	397	409	incorporated	T169	C0243126
27287100	419	427	struvite	T123,T197	C0075338
27287100	428	434	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27287100	452	462	deposition	T169	C0333562
27287100	463	473	parameters	T077	C0549193
27287100	503	511	coatings	T080	C1522408
27287100	527	535	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27287100	539	545	Sr(2+)	T196	C0038467
27287100	595	610	therapeutically	T169	C0302350
27287100	611	619	relevant	T080	C2347946
27287100	620	629	strontium	T196	C0038467
27287100	630	635	doses	T081	C0178602
27287100	668	673	weeks	T079	C0439230
27287100	675	688	Morphological	T082	C0543482
27287100	693	722	crystallographic examinations	T059	C0022885
27287100	730	738	immersed	T080	C0205556
27287100	739	747	coatings	T080	C1522408
27287100	766	777	degradation	T169	C0243125
27287100	781	789	struvite	T123,T197	C0075338
27287100	798	805	release	T169	C0391871
27287100	809	820	Sr(2+) ions	T196	C0038467
27287100	843	857	transformation	T039	C3714584
27287100	865	872	coating	T080	C1522408
27287100	878	895	calcium phosphate	T121,T197	C0006711
27287100	919	949	low-crystalline hydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27287100	957	965	findings	T169	C2607943
27287100	978	987	strontium	T196	C0038467
27287100	994	1002	struvite	T123,T197	C0075338
27287100	1003	1011	coatings	T080	C1522408
27287100	1036	1046	degradable	T169	C0243125
27287100	1047	1054	coating	T080	C1522408
27287100	1055	1061	system	T169	C0449913
27287100	1091	1100	strontium	T196	C0038467
27287100	1110	1129	biologically active	T123	C0566267
27287100	1130	1140	metal ions	T197	C0025552
27287100	1148	1170	implant-bone interface	T030	C4042803

27287247|t|Inflamed skin predisposes to sensitization to less potent allergens
27287247|a|Irritant dermatitis, caused by genetic barrier dysfunction in atopic dermatitis or wet work in hand dermatitis, induces innate immune response that might predispose to allergic contact sensitization to less potent sensitizers. We sought to determine if positive patch test results to less potent allergens are more prevalent in patients with a history of childhood flexural dermatitis or current wet work. We examined our database of patients presenting to a contact dermatitis clinic tested to potential contact allergens as indicated by their history. Allergens from our most recent standard were studied if they could be classified as weak, moderate, or strong sensitizers based on published data from the local lymph node assay. Patients were stratified by a history of childhood - onset flexural dermatitis as a proxy for atopic dermatitis and by occupation. History of childhood - onset dermatitis predisposed to contact allergy to weak sensitizers and wet work to medium - potency sensitizers. Neither predisposed to contact allergy from strong sensitizers. Association cannot prove causation. We conclude that strong sensitizers do not require wet work or atopy to cause sensitization. Barrier defects associated with childhood eczema and wet work may promote sensitization to weak antigens.
27287247	0	8	Inflamed	T169	C0333348
27287247	9	13	skin	T022	C1123023
27287247	14	25	predisposes	T169	C0231203
27287247	29	42	sensitization	T040	C1325847
27287247	46	50	less	T080	C0205251
27287247	51	57	potent	T077	C4054723
27287247	58	67	allergens	T129	C0002092
27287247	68	87	Irritant dermatitis	T047	C0162823
27287247	99	114	genetic barrier	T169	C0314603
27287247	115	126	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27287247	130	147	atopic dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27287247	151	159	wet work	T057	C0443352
27287247	163	178	hand dermatitis	T047	C0239816
27287247	180	187	induces	T169	C0205263
27287247	188	210	innate immune response	T032	C0020969
27287247	222	232	predispose	T169	C0231203
27287247	236	252	allergic contact	T047	C0162820
27287247	253	266	sensitization	T040	C1325847
27287247	270	274	less	T080	C0205251
27287247	275	281	potent	T077	C4054723
27287247	282	293	sensitizers	T129	C0002092
27287247	321	340	positive patch test	T034	C0856592
27287247	341	348	results	T169	C1274040
27287247	352	356	less	T080	C0205251
27287247	357	363	potent	T077	C4054723
27287247	364	373	allergens	T129	C0002092
27287247	378	392	more prevalent	T081	C1512456
27287247	396	404	patients	T101	C0030705
27287247	412	432	history of childhood	T033	C0489532
27287247	433	452	flexural dermatitis	T047	C0263224
27287247	456	472	current wet work	T057	C0443352
27287247	490	498	database	T170	C0242356
27287247	502	510	patients	T101	C0030705
27287247	527	545	contact dermatitis	T047	C0011616
27287247	546	552	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27287247	553	559	tested	T169	C0039593
27287247	563	572	potential	T080	C3245505
27287247	573	590	contact allergens	T129	C1320247
27287247	613	620	history	T058	C0679831
27287247	622	631	Allergens	T129	C0002092
27287247	653	661	standard	T080	C1442989
27287247	667	674	studied	T062	C2603343
27287247	706	710	weak	T080	C1762617
27287247	712	720	moderate	T080	C0205081
27287247	725	731	strong	T080	C0442821
27287247	732	743	sensitizers	T129	C0002092
27287247	753	767	published data	T170	C0993637
27287247	777	799	local lymph node assay	T081	C0887969
27287247	801	809	Patients	T169	C0314603
27287247	815	825	stratified	T080	C0205363
27287247	831	851	history of childhood	T033	C0489532
27287247	854	879	onset flexural dermatitis	T047	C0263224
27287247	895	912	atopic dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27287247	920	930	occupation	T033	C0421456
27287247	932	952	History of childhood	T033	C0489532
27287247	955	971	onset dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27287247	972	983	predisposed	T169	C0231203
27287247	987	1002	contact allergy	T047	C0162820
27287247	1006	1010	weak	T080	C1762617
27287247	1011	1022	sensitizers	T129	C0002092
27287247	1027	1035	wet work	T057	C0443352
27287247	1039	1045	medium	T081	C0439536
27287247	1048	1055	potency	T077	C4054723
27287247	1056	1067	sensitizers	T129	C0002092
27287247	1077	1088	predisposed	T169	C0231203
27287247	1092	1107	contact allergy	T047	C0162820
27287247	1113	1119	strong	T080	C0442821
27287247	1120	1131	sensitizers	T129	C0002092
27287247	1133	1144	Association	T080	C0439849
27287247	1158	1167	causation	T078	C0085978
27287247	1186	1192	strong	T080	C0442821
27287247	1193	1204	sensitizers	T129	C0002092
27287247	1220	1228	wet work	T057	C0443352
27287247	1232	1237	atopy	T046	C0392707
27287247	1247	1260	sensitization	T040	C1325847
27287247	1262	1277	Barrier defects	T169	C1457869
27287247	1278	1293	associated with	T080	C0332281
27287247	1294	1310	childhood eczema	T047	C1276071
27287247	1315	1323	wet work	T057	C0443352
27287247	1328	1335	promote	T052	C0033414
27287247	1336	1349	sensitization	T040	C1325847
27287247	1353	1357	weak	T080	C1762617
27287247	1358	1366	antigens	T129	C0003320

27288403|t|Transcription rate and transcript length drive formation of chromosomal interaction domain boundaries
27288403|a|Chromosomes in all organisms are highly organized and divided into multiple chromosomal interaction domains, or topological domains. Regions of active, high transcription help establish and maintain domain boundaries, but precisely how this occurs remains unclear. Here, using fluorescence microscopy and chromosome conformation capture in conjunction with deep sequencing (Hi-C), we show that in Caulobacter crescentus, both transcription rate and transcript length, independent of concurrent translation, drive the formation of domain boundaries. We find that long, highly expressed genes do not form topological boundaries simply through the inhibition of supercoil diffusion. Instead, our results support a model in which long, active regions of transcription drive local decompaction of the chromosome, with these more open regions of the chromosome forming spatial gaps in vivo that diminish contacts between DNA in neighboring domains. These insights into the molecular forces responsible for domain formation in Caulobacter likely generalize to other bacteria and possibly eukaryotes.
27288403	0	13	Transcription	T045	C0040649
27288403	14	18	rate	T081	C1521828
27288403	23	33	transcript	T114	C1519595
27288403	34	40	length	T081	C1444754
27288403	47	56	formation	T169	C1522492
27288403	60	101	chromosomal interaction domain boundaries	T026	C1953345
27288403	102	113	Chromosomes	T026	C0008633
27288403	121	130	organisms	T001	C0029235
27288403	142	151	organized	T169	C1300196
27288403	156	163	divided	T169	C0332849
27288403	169	177	multiple	T081	C0439064
27288403	178	209	chromosomal interaction domains	T026	C1953345
27288403	214	233	topological domains	T026	C1953345
27288403	259	272	transcription	T045	C0040649
27288403	301	318	domain boundaries	T026	C1953345
27288403	358	365	unclear	T033	C3845108
27288403	379	402	fluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
27288403	459	474	deep sequencing	T063	C2936624
27288403	499	521	Caulobacter crescentus	T007	C0085449
27288403	528	541	transcription	T045	C0040649
27288403	542	546	rate	T081	C1521828
27288403	551	561	transcript	T114	C1519595
27288403	562	568	length	T081	C1444754
27288403	570	584	independent of	T169	C0332291
27288403	596	607	translation	T045	C1519614
27288403	619	628	formation	T169	C1522492
27288403	632	649	domain boundaries	T026	C1953345
27288403	687	692	genes	T028	C0017337
27288403	705	727	topological boundaries	T026	C1953345
27288403	747	757	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27288403	813	818	model	T170	C0026343
27288403	852	865	transcription	T045	C0040649
27288403	931	956	regions of the chromosome	T026	C1953345
27288403	965	977	spatial gaps	T082	C3887622
27288403	978	985	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27288403	1017	1020	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27288403	1036	1043	domains	T026	C1953345
27288403	1069	1085	molecular forces	T067	C0441722
27288403	1102	1108	domain	T026	C1953345
27288403	1109	1118	formation	T169	C1522492
27288403	1122	1133	Caulobacter	T007	C0085448
27288403	1161	1169	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27288403	1183	1193	eukaryotes	T204	C0684063

27288457|t|Tead1 regulates the expression of Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 during Schwann cell development
27288457|a|Schwann cells are myelinating glia in the peripheral nervous system that form the myelin sheath. A major cause of peripheral neuropathy is a copy number variant involving the Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) gene, which is located within a 1.4-Mb duplication on chromosome 17 associated with the most common form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT1A). Rodent models of CMT1A have been used to show that reducing Pmp22 overexpression mitigates several aspects of a CMT1A -related phenotype. Mechanistic studies of Pmp22 regulation identified enhancers regulated by the Sox10 (SRY sex determining region Y-box 10) and Egr2 / Krox20 (Early growth response protein 2) transcription factors in myelinated nerves. However, relatively little is known regarding how other transcription factors induce Pmp22 expression during Schwann cell development and myelination. Here, we examined Pmp22 enhancers as a function of cell type-specificity, nerve injury and development. While Pmp22 enhancers marked by active histone modifications were lost or remodeled after injury, we found that these enhancers were permissive in early development prior to Pmp22 upregulation. Pmp22 enhancers contain binding motifs for TEA domain (Tead) transcription factors of the Hippo signaling pathway. We discovered that Tead1 and co-activators Yap and Taz are required for Pmp22 expression, as well as for the expression of Egr2 Tead1 directly binds Pmp22 and Egr2 enhancers early in development and Tead1 binding is induced during myelination, correlating with Pmp22 expression. The data identify Tead1 as a novel regulator of Pmp22 expression during development in concert with Sox10 and Egr2.
27288457	0	5	Tead1	T028	C1420679
27288457	20	30	expression	T045	C0017262
27288457	34	62	Peripheral Myelin Protein 22	T028	C1418677
27288457	70	94	Schwann cell development	T043	C1817645
27288457	95	108	Schwann cells	T025	C0036387
27288457	113	129	myelinating glia	T025	C0027836
27288457	137	162	peripheral nervous system	T022	C0206417
27288457	177	190	myelin sheath	T026	C0026973
27288457	209	230	peripheral neuropathy	T047	C0031117
27288457	236	255	copy number variant	T086	C1511518
27288457	270	311	Peripheral Myelin Protein 22 (PMP22) gene	T028	C1418677
27288457	346	357	duplication	T045	C0017261
27288457	361	374	chromosome 17	T026	C0008659
27288457	415	442	Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease	T047	C0007959
27288457	444	449	CMT1A	T047	C0007959
27288457	452	465	Rodent models	T050	C1519106
27288457	469	474	CMT1A	T047	C0007959
27288457	512	517	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	518	532	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27288457	564	569	CMT1A	T047	C0007959
27288457	579	588	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27288457	590	601	Mechanistic	T169	C0441712
27288457	602	609	studies	T062	C2603343
27288457	613	618	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	619	629	regulation	T045	C0017263
27288457	641	650	enhancers	T114,T123	C0014290
27288457	668	673	Sox10	T116,T123	C1571654
27288457	675	710	SRY sex determining region Y-box 10	T116,T123	C1571654
27288457	716	720	Egr2	T116,T123	C0064419
27288457	723	729	Krox20	T116,T123	C0064419
27288457	731	762	Early growth response protein 2	T116,T123	C0064419
27288457	764	785	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27288457	789	806	myelinated nerves	T026	C0027750
27288457	864	885	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27288457	886	892	induce	T169	C0205263
27288457	893	898	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	899	909	expression	T045	C0017262
27288457	917	941	Schwann cell development	T043	C1817645
27288457	946	957	myelination	T043	C0596991
27288457	977	982	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	983	992	enhancers	T114,T123	C0014290
27288457	1010	1031	cell type-specificity	T044	C1148560
27288457	1033	1045	nerve injury	T037	C0161479
27288457	1050	1061	development	T169	C1527148
27288457	1069	1074	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	1075	1084	enhancers	T114,T123	C0014290
27288457	1095	1101	active	T169	C0205177
27288457	1102	1123	histone modifications	T044	C1156199
27288457	1129	1133	lost	T169	C0745777
27288457	1153	1159	injury	T037	C3263723
27288457	1181	1190	enhancers	T114,T123	C0014290
27288457	1216	1227	development	T169	C1527148
27288457	1237	1242	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	1243	1255	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27288457	1257	1262	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	1263	1272	enhancers	T114,T123	C0014290
27288457	1281	1295	binding motifs	T116,T123	C1956035
27288457	1300	1310	TEA domain	T116,T123	C0220134
27288457	1312	1316	Tead	T116,T123	C0220134
27288457	1318	1339	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27288457	1347	1370	Hippo signaling pathway	T043	C3158583
27288457	1391	1396	Tead1	T028	C1420679
27288457	1415	1418	Yap	T028	C1424135
27288457	1423	1426	Taz	T028	C1336578
27288457	1444	1449	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	1450	1460	expression	T045	C0017262
27288457	1481	1491	expression	T045	C0017262
27288457	1495	1499	Egr2	T028	C1414315
27288457	1500	1505	Tead1	T028	C1420679
27288457	1521	1526	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	1531	1535	Egr2	T028	C1414315
27288457	1536	1545	enhancers	T114,T123	C0014290
27288457	1555	1566	development	T169	C1527148
27288457	1571	1576	Tead1	T028	C1420679
27288457	1577	1584	binding	T044	C1167622
27288457	1588	1595	induced	T169	C0205263
27288457	1603	1614	myelination	T043	C0596991
27288457	1633	1638	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	1639	1649	expression	T045	C0017262
27288457	1655	1659	data	T078	C1511726
27288457	1669	1674	Tead1	T028	C1420679
27288457	1686	1695	regulator	T028	C0017362
27288457	1699	1704	Pmp22	T028	C1418677
27288457	1705	1715	expression	T045	C0017262
27288457	1723	1734	development	T169	C1527148
27288457	1751	1756	Sox10	T028	C1420317
27288457	1761	1765	Egr2	T028	C1414315

27289224|t|Molecular characterization of a novel putative ampelovirus tentatively named grapevine leafroll-associated virus 13
27289224|a|A novel putative ampelovirus was detected in grapevines that showed typical leafroll symptoms and was tentatively named grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV)-13 following the series of numbering of other GLRaVs. The complete genome of GLRaV-13 comprised 17,608 nt and contained eleven putative open reading frames, showing genetic features similar to those of viruses belonging to subgroup I of genus Ampelovirus. Phylogenetic trees based on the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, heat shock protein 70 homolog, and coat protein showed that GLRaV-13 had the closest, but still distant, relationship to GLRaV-1 in the subgroup I cluster.
27289224	0	9	Molecular	T080	C1521991
27289224	10	26	characterization	T052	C1880022
27289224	32	37	novel	T080	C0205314
27289224	38	58	putative ampelovirus	T005	C1642335
27289224	59	70	tentatively	T080	C0205556
27289224	71	76	named	T170	C0027365
27289224	77	115	grapevine leafroll-associated virus 13	T005	C3095069
27289224	118	123	novel	T080	C0205314
27289224	124	144	putative ampelovirus	T005	C1642335
27289224	149	157	detected	T033	C0442726
27289224	161	171	grapevines	T002	C0330100
27289224	184	191	typical	T080	C3538928
27289224	192	209	leafroll symptoms	T184	C1457887
27289224	218	229	tentatively	T080	C0205556
27289224	230	235	named	T170	C0027365
27289224	236	282	grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV)-13	T005	C3095069
27289224	297	303	series	T081	C0205549
27289224	307	316	numbering	T081	C0449788
27289224	326	332	GLRaVs	T005	C3095069
27289224	338	346	complete	T080	C0205197
27289224	347	353	genome	T028	C0017428
27289224	357	365	GLRaV-13	T005	C3095069
27289224	407	435	putative open reading frames	T028	C0079941
27289224	445	452	genetic	T169	C0314603
27289224	453	461	features	T080	C1521970
27289224	482	489	viruses	T005	C0042776
27289224	503	513	subgroup I	T185	C1515021
27289224	517	522	genus	T185	C1708235
27289224	523	534	Ampelovirus	T005	C1229250
27289224	536	554	Phylogenetic trees	T078	C0031797
27289224	568	596	RNA-dependent RNA polymerase	T116,T126	C0035685
27289224	598	619	heat shock protein 70	T116,T123	C0243043
27289224	620	627	homolog	T080	C0205556
27289224	633	645	coat protein	T116,T123	C1136102
27289224	658	666	GLRaV-13	T005	C3095069
27289224	703	715	relationship	T080	C0439849
27289224	719	726	GLRaV-1	T005	C1083038
27289224	734	744	subgroup I	T185	C1515021
27289224	745	752	cluster	T081	C1704332

27291966|t|Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in a triphasic rat model of adenine - induced kidney injury
27291966|a|The aim of this study is to investigate whether NGAL, given its advantages over traditional biomarkers, can be used to describe the dynamic characteristics of the renal tubulointerstitial insult caused by adenine. Subsequently, it will be possible to assess NGAL as a biomarker of any acute kidney injury, on top of chronic interstitial disease, if NGAL levels are stable through the chronic phase of our adenine model. Study group rats were fed an adenine diet, and control group rats were fed a regular diet only. Blood and urine samples for urea, creatinine and NGAL were drawn from each rat at the beginning of the study and after 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 weeks. Kidney slices from these rats were stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and β-actin stainings. Serum urea, creatinine and NGAL levels and urinary NGAL/creatinine ratio in the study group were higher than baseline and than in the control group; these differences were statistically significant in some of the intervals. Tubulointerstitial changes and adenine crystals were evident in the study group rats. In the rats fed adenine, serum urea, creatinine and NGAL levels and urinary NGAL/creatinine ratio followed a triphasic pattern of kidney injury: an acute phase while on the adenine diet, a partial recovery phase after switching to the regular diet and a chronic kidney disease phase after stabilization of renal function. NGAL can serve a biomarker for acute kidney injury and possibly for chronic kidney disease in the tubulointerstitial rat model.
27291966	0	42	Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin	T116,T123	C1870887
27291966	48	57	triphasic	T079	C0205185
27291966	58	67	rat model	T008	C0599779
27291966	71	78	adenine	T114,T123	C0001407
27291966	81	88	induced	T169	C0205263
27291966	89	102	kidney injury	T037	C0160420
27291966	151	155	NGAL	T116,T123	C1870887
27291966	195	205	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27291966	266	297	renal tubulointerstitial insult	T047	C0041349
27291966	308	315	adenine	T114,T123	C0001407
27291966	361	365	NGAL	T116,T123	C1870887
27291966	371	380	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27291966	388	407	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
27291966	419	447	chronic interstitial disease	T047	C0238304
27291966	452	456	NGAL	T116,T123	C1870887
27291966	457	463	levels	T080	C0441889
27291966	468	474	stable	T080	C0205360
27291966	475	482	through	T169	C0332273
27291966	487	500	chronic phase	T079	C0457343
27291966	508	521	adenine model	T008	C0599779
27291966	523	534	Study group	T098	C2348561
27291966	535	539	rats	T015	C0034693
27291966	552	559	adenine	T114,T123	C0001407
27291966	560	564	diet	T168	C0012155
27291966	570	583	control group	T096	C0009932
27291966	584	588	rats	T015	C0034693
27291966	600	612	regular diet	T056	C0184625
27291966	619	624	Blood	T031	C0178913
27291966	629	642	urine samples	T031	C1610733
27291966	647	651	urea	T109,T121,T123	C0041942
27291966	653	663	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27291966	668	672	NGAL	T116,T123	C1870887
27291966	694	697	rat	T015	C0034693
27291966	705	714	beginning	T079	C0439659
27291966	722	727	study	T062	C0008972
27291966	768	774	Kidney	T023	C0022646
27291966	775	781	slices	T167	C1519355
27291966	793	797	rats	T015	C0034693
27291966	803	810	stained	T059	C0487602
27291966	816	833	Hematoxylin-eosin	T059	C0523207
27291966	835	837	HE	T059	C0523207
27291966	843	850	β-actin	T116,T123	C0005186
27291966	851	860	stainings	T059	C0487602
27291966	862	872	Serum urea	T034	C2945624
27291966	874	884	creatinine	T059	C0201975
27291966	889	893	NGAL	T116,T123	C1870887
27291966	894	900	levels	T080	C0441889
27291966	905	934	urinary NGAL/creatinine ratio	T201	C1316828
27291966	971	979	baseline	T081	C1442488
27291966	996	1009	control group	T096	C0009932
27291966	1034	1059	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27291966	1075	1084	intervals	T079	C1272706
27291966	1086	1104	Tubulointerstitial	T047	C0041349
27291966	1117	1124	adenine	T114,T123	C0001407
27291966	1166	1170	rats	T015	C0034693
27291966	1179	1183	rats	T015	C0034693
27291966	1188	1195	adenine	T114,T123	C0001407
27291966	1197	1207	serum urea	T034	C2945624
27291966	1209	1219	creatinine	T059	C1318439
27291966	1224	1228	NGAL	T116,T123	C1870887
27291966	1229	1235	levels	T080	C0441889
27291966	1240	1269	urinary NGAL/creatinine ratio	T201	C1316828
27291966	1281	1298	triphasic pattern	T033	C1336825
27291966	1302	1315	kidney injury	T037	C0160420
27291966	1320	1331	acute phase	T079	C0439557
27291966	1345	1352	adenine	T114,T123	C0001407
27291966	1353	1357	diet	T168	C0012155
27291966	1361	1368	partial	T081	C0728938
27291966	1369	1377	recovery	T040	C2004454
27291966	1378	1383	phase	T079	C0205390
27291966	1407	1419	regular diet	T056	C0184625
27291966	1426	1448	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
27291966	1449	1454	phase	T079	C0205390
27291966	1478	1492	renal function	T042	C0232804
27291966	1494	1498	NGAL	T116,T123	C1870887
27291966	1511	1520	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27291966	1525	1544	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
27291966	1562	1584	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
27291966	1592	1610	tubulointerstitial	T047	C0041349
27291966	1611	1620	rat model	T008	C0599779

27292374|t|Talking or Keeping Silent About Parental Mental Health Problems -A Grounded Theory of Parents ' Decision Making and Experiences with Their Children
27292374|a|This grounded theory study explored parents ' experiences of responding to their children's need for understanding parental mental health concerns. Fifteen parents with severe and enduring mental health difficulties participated in the study. The findings suggest four main social processes that influence parents ' talk with their children about parental mental health issues, namely " Protecting and being protected ," " Responding to children's search for understanding ," " Prioritizing family life ," and " Relating to others ." Implications of the findings for clinical practice and future research are considered. In particular, the need for more family-orientated services where parents experience parental mental health problems is highlighted.
27292374	0	7	Talking	T056	C0234856
27292374	11	25	Keeping Silent	T080	C0443304
27292374	32	40	Parental	T099	C0030551
27292374	41	63	Mental Health Problems	T033	C1446377
27292374	67	82	Grounded Theory	T170	C1510611
27292374	86	93	Parents	T099	C0030551
27292374	96	111	Decision Making	T041	C0011109
27292374	116	127	Experiences	T041	C0596545
27292374	139	147	Children	T100	C0008059
27292374	153	168	grounded theory	T170	C1510611
27292374	169	174	study	T062	C2603343
27292374	184	191	parents	T099	C0030551
27292374	194	205	experiences	T041	C0596545
27292374	229	239	children's	T100	C0008059
27292374	263	271	parental	T099	C0030551
27292374	272	285	mental health	T041	C0025353
27292374	286	294	concerns	T078	C2699424
27292374	304	311	parents	T099	C0030551
27292374	317	323	severe	T080	C0205082
27292374	337	363	mental health difficulties	T033	C1446377
27292374	384	389	study	T062	C2603343
27292374	395	403	findings	T033	C0243095
27292374	422	438	social processes	T068	C0871384
27292374	454	461	parents	T099	C0030551
27292374	464	468	talk	T056	C0234856
27292374	480	488	children	T100	C0008059
27292374	495	503	parental	T099	C0030551
27292374	504	524	mental health issues	T033	C1446377
27292374	535	545	Protecting	T041	C3146231
27292374	550	565	being protected	T041	C3146231
27292374	571	581	Responding	T032	C0871261
27292374	585	595	children's	T100	C0008059
27292374	596	602	search	T052	C1706202
27292374	607	620	understanding	T041	C0162340
27292374	626	638	Prioritizing	T079	C0549179
27292374	639	650	family life	T054	C0015608
27292374	660	678	Relating to others	T053	C0004927
27292374	702	710	findings	T033	C0243095
27292374	715	732	clinical practice	T058	C1254363
27292374	744	752	research	T062	C0035168
27292374	802	828	family-orientated services	T058	C1254363
27292374	835	842	parents	T099	C0030551
27292374	843	853	experience	T041	C0596545
27292374	854	862	parental	T099	C0030551
27292374	863	885	mental health problems	T033	C1446377

27292641|t|Joint Development Involves a Continuous Influx of Gdf5 - Positive Cells
27292641|a|Synovial joints comprise several tissue types, including articular cartilage, the capsule, and ligaments. All of these compartments are commonly assumed to originate from an early set of Gdf5 - expressing progenitors populating the interzone domain. Here, we provide evidence that joints develop through a continuous influx of cells into the interzone, where they contribute differentially to forming joint tissues. Using a knockin Gdf5 - CreER(T2) mouse, we show that early labeling of Gdf5 - positive interzone cells failed to mark the entire organ. Conversely, multiple Cre activation steps indicated a contribution of these cells to various joint compartments later in development. Spatiotemporal differences between Gdf5 and tdTomato reporter expression support the notion of a continuous recruitment process. Finally, differential contribution of Gdf5 - positive cells to various tissues suggests that the spatiotemporal dynamics of Gdf5 expression may instruct lineage divergence. This work supports the influx model of joint development, which may apply to other organogenic processes.
27292641	0	5	Joint	T030	C0224507
27292641	6	17	Development	T169	C1527148
27292641	29	39	Continuous	T078	C0549178
27292641	40	46	Influx	T080	C0443052
27292641	50	54	Gdf5	T028	C1333666
27292641	57	71	Positive Cells	T025	C0007634
27292641	72	87	Synovial joints	T030	C0224507
27292641	88	96	comprise	T052	C2700400
27292641	105	117	tissue types	T024	C2713035
27292641	129	148	articular cartilage	T024	C0007303
27292641	154	161	capsule	T023	C0206207
27292641	167	176	ligaments	T024	C0023685
27292641	191	203	compartments	T030	C0502723
27292641	259	263	Gdf5	T028	C1333666
27292641	266	276	expressing	T045	C0017262
27292641	277	288	progenitors	T025	C0038250
27292641	304	320	interzone domain	T082	C1254362
27292641	353	359	joints	T030	C0224507
27292641	378	388	continuous	T078	C0549178
27292641	389	395	influx	T080	C0443052
27292641	399	404	cells	T025	C0007634
27292641	414	423	interzone	T082	C1254362
27292641	436	446	contribute	T052	C1880177
27292641	447	461	differentially	T080	C0443199
27292641	465	472	forming	T169	C0205431
27292641	473	486	joint tissues	T024	C0224494
27292641	496	503	knockin	T063	C2350597
27292641	504	508	Gdf5	T028	C1333666
27292641	511	520	CreER(T2)	T028	C1511573
27292641	521	526	mouse	T015	C0025929
27292641	559	563	Gdf5	T028	C1333666
27292641	566	574	positive	T033	C1446409
27292641	575	584	interzone	T082	C1254362
27292641	585	590	cells	T025	C0007634
27292641	601	605	mark	T080	C0205556
27292641	610	622	entire organ	T023	C0178784
27292641	636	644	multiple	T081	C0439064
27292641	645	648	Cre	T028	C1511573
27292641	649	659	activation	T045	C0017255
27292641	666	675	indicated	T033	C1444656
27292641	678	690	contribution	T052	C1880177
27292641	700	705	cells	T025	C0007634
27292641	717	735	joint compartments	T030	C0502723
27292641	745	756	development	T169	C1527148
27292641	758	784	Spatiotemporal differences	T080	C1705242
27292641	793	797	Gdf5	T028	C1333666
27292641	802	810	tdTomato	T028	C0017337
27292641	820	830	expression	T045	C0017262
27292641	855	865	continuous	T078	C0549178
27292641	866	877	recruitment	T169	C0205245
27292641	878	885	process	T067	C1522240
27292641	896	908	differential	T080	C0443199
27292641	909	921	contribution	T052	C1880177
27292641	925	929	Gdf5	T028	C1333666
27292641	932	940	positive	T033	C1446409
27292641	941	946	cells	T025	C0007634
27292641	958	965	tissues	T024	C0040300
27292641	966	974	suggests	T078	C1705535
27292641	984	1007	spatiotemporal dynamics	T062	C0242481
27292641	1011	1015	Gdf5	T028	C1333666
27292641	1016	1026	expression	T045	C0017262
27292641	1040	1047	lineage	T078	C0282637
27292641	1048	1058	divergence	T082	C0443204
27292641	1083	1089	influx	T080	C0443052
27292641	1099	1104	joint	T030	C0224507
27292641	1105	1116	development	T169	C1527148
27292641	1143	1154	organogenic	T038	C0242290
27292641	1155	1164	processes	T038	C3714634

27293123|t|Everyday (in)equality at home: complex constructions of gender in South African families
27293123|a|High rates of violence and HIV have been documented within the South African context. Constructions of masculinity and femininity that position men as dominant and highly sexually active and women as subordinate and acquiescent have been found to contribute towards gender inequality. This inequality is in turn related to negative health consequences, specifically violence against women, children, and other men, as well as sexual risk. Within this context it becomes important to explore how problematic constructions of gender are being (re) produced and how these constructions are being challenged. Families have been identified as key sites in which gender is both constructed and enacted on a daily basis and it is within this space that children are first exposed to notions of gender. This article draws from a study that was intended to expand on the limited understandings of the ways in which gender (in)equality is constructed and conveyed within the context of South African families on an everyday basis. Children and parents in 18 families from a range of different material and cultural backgrounds were interviewed about the meanings and practices of gender within their homes. Data were analysed using a Foucauldian discourse analysis. The data reveal how problematic constructions of masculinity and femininity are (re) produced but also challenged within a range of different families. Gender and gender (in)equality are therefore routinely accomplished in complex ways. These findings have important implications for promoting gender equality and therefore for disrupting violence and sexual risk as gendered health issues.
27293123	0	8	Everyday	T079	C0332173
27293123	9	21	(in)equality	T080	C0680381
27293123	25	29	home	T082	C0442519
27293123	56	62	gender	T032	C0079399
27293123	66	79	South African	T098	C0238605
27293123	80	88	families	T099	C0015576
27293123	89	93	High	T080	C0205250
27293123	94	99	rates	T081	C1521828
27293123	103	111	violence	T048	C0042693
27293123	116	119	HIV	T047	C0019693
27293123	130	140	documented	T058	C1301725
27293123	152	173	South African context	T098	C0238605
27293123	192	203	masculinity	T032	C0042757
27293123	208	218	femininity	T032	C0233894
27293123	233	236	men	T098	C0025266
27293123	240	248	dominant	T054	C0037413
27293123	260	275	sexually active	T033	C0241028
27293123	280	285	women	T098	C0043210
27293123	289	300	subordinate	T077	C2983704
27293123	305	316	acquiescent	T033	C0564543
27293123	355	372	gender inequality	T054	C0242448
27293123	379	389	inequality	T054	C0242448
27293123	421	440	health consequences	T169	C0686907
27293123	455	463	violence	T048	C0042693
27293123	472	477	women	T098	C0043210
27293123	479	487	children	T100	C0008059
27293123	499	502	men	T098	C0025266
27293123	515	526	sexual risk	T033	C1563228
27293123	613	619	gender	T032	C0079399
27293123	635	643	produced	T079	C2745955
27293123	694	702	Families	T099	C0015576
27293123	746	752	gender	T032	C0079399
27293123	790	795	daily	T079	C0332173
27293123	835	843	children	T100	C0008059
27293123	865	872	notions	T078	C0178566
27293123	876	882	gender	T032	C0079399
27293123	889	896	article	T170	C0282420
27293123	910	915	study	T062	C2603343
27293123	995	1014	gender (in)equality	T054	C0242448
27293123	1054	1078	context of South African	T098	C0238605
27293123	1079	1087	families	T099	C0015576
27293123	1094	1102	everyday	T079	C0332173
27293123	1110	1118	Children	T100	C0008059
27293123	1123	1130	parents	T099	C0030551
27293123	1137	1145	families	T099	C0015576
27293123	1185	1205	cultural backgrounds	T078	C0010447
27293123	1259	1265	gender	T032	C0079399
27293123	1279	1284	homes	T082	C0442519
27293123	1286	1290	Data	T078	C1511726
27293123	1296	1304	analysed	T062	C0936012
27293123	1313	1343	Foucauldian discourse analysis	T062	C0870428
27293123	1349	1353	data	T078	C1511726
27293123	1394	1405	masculinity	T032	C0042757
27293123	1410	1420	femininity	T032	C0233894
27293123	1430	1438	produced	T079	C2745955
27293123	1487	1495	families	T099	C0015576
27293123	1497	1503	Gender	T032	C0079399
27293123	1508	1527	gender (in)equality	T054	C0242448
27293123	1639	1645	gender	T032	C0079399
27293123	1646	1654	equality	T080	C0237595
27293123	1673	1683	disrupting	T080	C0332454
27293123	1684	1692	violence	T048	C0042693
27293123	1697	1708	sexual risk	T033	C1563228

27293431|t|A Support Vector Machine Classification of Thyroid Bioptic Specimens Using MALDI-MSI Data
27293431|a|Biomarkers able to characterise and predict multifactorial diseases are still one of the most important targets for all the " omics " investigations. In this context, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI-MSI) has gained considerable attention in recent years, but it also led to a huge amount of complex data to be elaborated and interpreted. For this reason, computational and machine learning procedures for biomarker discovery are important tools to consider, both to reduce data dimension and to provide predictive markers for specific diseases. For instance, the availability of protein and genetic markers to support thyroid lesion diagnoses would impact deeply on society due to the high presence of undetermined reports (THY3) that are generally treated as malignant patients. In this paper we show how an accurate classification of thyroid bioptic specimens can be obtained through the application of a state-of-the-art machine learning approach (i.e., Support Vector Machines) on MALDI-MSI data, together with a particular wrapper feature selection algorithm (i.e., recursive feature elimination). The model is able to provide an accurate discriminatory capability using only 20 out of 144 features, resulting in an increase of the model performances, reliability, and computational efficiency. Finally, tissue areas rather than average proteomic profiles are classified, highlighting potential discriminating areas of clinical interest.
27293431	2	24	Support Vector Machine	T081	C2699740
27293431	25	39	Classification	T185	C0008902
27293431	43	50	Thyroid	T023	C0040132
27293431	51	68	Bioptic Specimens	T024	C0677862
27293431	69	74	Using	T169	C1524063
27293431	75	84	MALDI-MSI	T059	C0282597
27293431	85	89	Data	T078	C1511726
27293431	90	100	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27293431	109	121	characterise	T078	C3875152
27293431	134	148	multifactorial	T080	C0439855
27293431	149	157	diseases	T047	C0012634
27293431	184	193	important	T080	C3898777
27293431	194	201	targets	T169	C1521840
27293431	224	238	investigations	T169	C1292732
27293431	248	255	context	T078	C0449255
27293431	257	326	Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry Imaging	T059	C0282597
27293431	328	337	MALDI-MSI	T059	C0282597
27293431	343	349	gained	T081	C1517378
27293431	350	362	considerable	T078	C0750591
27293431	363	372	attention	T041	C0004268
27293431	376	382	recent	T079	C0332185
27293431	383	388	years	T079	C0439234
27293431	416	422	amount	T081	C1265611
27293431	426	433	complex	T080	C0439855
27293431	434	438	data	T078	C1511726
27293431	445	455	elaborated	T169	C0205245
27293431	460	471	interpreted	T169	C1285553
27293431	482	488	reason	T078	C0392360
27293431	490	503	computational	T062	C1516769
27293431	508	524	machine learning	T066	C0376284
27293431	525	535	procedures	T169	C0025664
27293431	540	549	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27293431	550	559	discovery	T052	C1880355
27293431	564	573	important	T080	C3898777
27293431	574	579	tools	T080	C1879746
27293431	583	591	consider	T078	C0750591
27293431	593	597	both	T080	C1706086
27293431	601	607	reduce	T080	C0392756
27293431	608	612	data	T078	C1511726
27293431	613	622	dimension	T081	C0439534
27293431	638	648	predictive	T080	C0681890
27293431	649	656	markers	T201	C0005516
27293431	661	669	specific	T080	C0205369
27293431	670	678	diseases	T047	C0012634
27293431	684	692	instance	T078	C1550608
27293431	698	713	availability of	T169	C0470187
27293431	714	721	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27293431	726	733	genetic	T169	C0314603
27293431	734	741	markers	T201	C0005516
27293431	753	760	thyroid	T023	C0040132
27293431	761	767	lesion	T033	C0221198
27293431	768	777	diagnoses	T062	C1704656
27293431	784	790	impact	T080	C4049986
27293431	791	797	deeply	T082	C0205125
27293431	801	808	society	T098	C0027361
27293431	837	849	undetermined	T080	C3536725
27293431	850	857	reports	T170	C0684224
27293431	859	863	THY3	T170	C0684224
27293431	884	891	treated	T169	C1522326
27293431	895	904	malignant	T080	C0205282
27293431	905	913	patients	T101	C0030705
27293431	944	952	accurate	T080	C0443131
27293431	953	967	classification	T185	C0008902
27293431	971	978	thyroid	T023	C0040132
27293431	979	996	bioptic specimens	T024	C0677862
27293431	1004	1012	obtained	T169	C1301820
27293431	1013	1020	through	T169	C0332273
27293431	1042	1075	state-of-the-art machine learning	T066	C0376284
27293431	1092	1115	Support Vector Machines	T081	C2699740
27293431	1120	1129	MALDI-MSI	T059	C0282597
27293431	1130	1134	data	T078	C1511726
27293431	1171	1178	feature	T080	C2348519
27293431	1179	1188	selection	T052	C1707391
27293431	1189	1198	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27293431	1206	1235	recursive feature elimination	T170	C0282574
27293431	1242	1247	model	T075	C0026339
27293431	1259	1266	provide	T052	C1999230
27293431	1270	1278	accurate	T080	C0443131
27293431	1279	1293	discriminatory	T169	C0205245
27293431	1294	1304	capability	T080	C2698977
27293431	1305	1310	using	T169	C1524063
27293431	1330	1338	features	T080	C2348519
27293431	1340	1349	resulting	T169	C0332294
27293431	1356	1364	increase	T169	C0442805
27293431	1372	1377	model	T075	C0026339
27293431	1378	1390	performances	T052	C1882330
27293431	1392	1403	reliability	T081	C2347947
27293431	1409	1422	computational	T052	C1880157
27293431	1423	1433	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27293431	1444	1450	tissue	T024	C0040300
27293431	1451	1456	areas	T082	C0205146
27293431	1469	1476	average	T081	C1510992
27293431	1477	1495	proteomic profiles	T034	C3463810
27293431	1500	1510	classified	T185	C0008902
27293431	1525	1534	potential	T080	C3245505
27293431	1535	1549	discriminating	T080	C0205235
27293431	1550	1555	areas	T082	C0205146
27293431	1559	1567	clinical	T080	C0205210
27293431	1568	1576	interest	T041	C0543488

27293894|t|Production of Laccase by Cochliobolus sp. Isolated from Plastic Dumped Soils and Their Ability to Degrade Low Molecular Weight PVC
27293894|a|One of the utmost man-made problems faced today has been the ever - increasing plastic waste filling the world. It accounts for an estimated 20-30% (by volume) of municipal solid waste in landfill sites worldwide. Research on plastic biodegradation has been steadily growing over the past four decades. Several fungi have been identified that produce enzymes capable of plastic degradation in various laboratory conditions. This paper presents a study that determined the ability of fungi to degrade low molecular weight polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by the enzyme laccase. We have isolated a fungal species, Cochliobolus sp., from plastic dumped soils and they were cultured on Czapek Dox Agar slants at 30°C. The effectiveness of this fungal species on the degradation of commercial low molecular weight polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was studied under laboratory conditions. Significant differences were observed from the FTIR, GC-MS, and SEM results in between control and Cochliobolus sp. treated PVC.
27293894	0	10	Production	T057	C0033268
27293894	14	21	Laccase	T116,T126	C0064566
27293894	25	41	Cochliobolus sp.	T004	C0009206
27293894	42	50	Isolated	T169	C0205409
27293894	56	63	Plastic	T167	C0032167
27293894	64	76	Dumped Soils	T167	C0037592
27293894	87	94	Ability	T032	C0085732
27293894	98	105	Degrade	UnknownType	C0678637
27293894	106	130	Low Molecular Weight PVC	T109,T122	C0032624
27293894	149	166	man-made problems	T068	C2963156
27293894	192	196	ever	T079	C3887636
27293894	199	209	increasing	T169	C0442808
27293894	210	217	plastic	T167	C0032167
27293894	218	223	waste	T167	C0043045
27293894	224	231	filling	T052	C1708059
27293894	294	315	municipal solid waste	T167	C1550151
27293894	319	333	landfill sites	T073	C0563007
27293894	357	364	plastic	T167	C0032167
27293894	365	379	biodegradation	T070	C0005482
27293894	442	447	fungi	T004	C0016832
27293894	482	489	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27293894	501	508	plastic	T167	C0032167
27293894	509	520	degradation	T070	C0005482
27293894	532	553	laboratory conditions	T080	C2826637
27293894	603	610	ability	T032	C0085732
27293894	614	619	fungi	T004	C0016832
27293894	623	630	degrade	UnknownType	C0678637
27293894	631	670	low molecular weight polyvinyl chloride	T109,T122	C0032624
27293894	672	675	PVC	T109,T122	C0032624
27293894	684	698	enzyme laccase	T116,T126	C0064566
27293894	708	716	isolated	T169	C0205409
27293894	719	725	fungal	T004	C0016832
27293894	726	733	species	T185	C1705920
27293894	735	751	Cochliobolus sp.	T004	C0009206
27293894	758	765	plastic	T167	C0032167
27293894	766	778	dumped soils	T167	C0037592
27293894	793	801	cultured	T059	C0200954
27293894	805	827	Czapek Dox Agar slants	T130	C0010454
27293894	841	854	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27293894	863	869	fungal	T004	C0016832
27293894	870	877	species	T185	C1705920
27293894	885	896	degradation	T070	C0005482
27293894	911	950	low molecular weight polyvinyl chloride	T109,T122	C0032624
27293894	952	955	PVC	T109,T122	C0032624
27293894	975	996	laboratory conditions	T080	C2826637
27293894	1045	1049	FTIR	T062	C0206055
27293894	1051	1056	GC-MS	T059	C0024868
27293894	1062	1065	SEM	T059	C0026020
27293894	1085	1092	control	T167	C1550141
27293894	1097	1113	Cochliobolus sp.	T004	C0009206
27293894	1122	1125	PVC	T109,T122	C0032624

27294314|t|Conformers of Gaseous Serine
27294314|a|The myriad conformers of the neutral form of natural amino acid serine (Ser) have been investigated by systematic computations with reliable electronic wave function methods. A total of 85 unique conformers were located using the MP2/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The 12 lowest-energy conformers of serine fall within a 8 kJ mol(-1) window, and for these species, geometric structures, precise relative energies, equilibrium and vibrationally averaged rotational constants, anharmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, quartic and sextic centrifugal distortion constants, dipole moments, and (14)N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants were computed. The relative energies were refined through composite focal-point analyses employing basis sets as large as aug-cc-pV5Z and correlation treatments through CCSD(T). The rotational constants for seven conformers measured by Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy are in good agreement with the vibrationally averaged rotational constants computed in this study. Our anharmonic vibrational frequencies are compared to the large number of experimental vibrational absorptions attributable to at least six conformers.
27294314	0	10	Conformers	T082	C0026377
27294314	14	21	Gaseous	T104	C0017110
27294314	22	28	Serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27294314	33	50	myriad conformers	T082	C0026377
27294314	58	70	neutral form	T067	C2825492
27294314	74	81	natural	T169	C0205296
27294314	82	92	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27294314	93	99	serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27294314	101	104	Ser	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27294314	143	155	computations	T052	C1880157
27294314	170	202	electronic wave function methods	T170	C0025663
27294314	225	235	conformers	T082	C0026377
27294314	259	276	MP2/cc-pVTZ level	T170	C0282574
27294314	280	286	theory	T078	C0871935
27294314	309	319	conformers	T082	C0026377
27294314	323	329	serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27294314	379	386	species	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27294314	388	408	geometric structures	T082	C0678594
27294314	427	435	energies	T081	C1442080
27294314	437	448	equilibrium	T081	C1547026
27294314	453	496	vibrationally averaged rotational constants	T081	C0392762
27294314	498	532	anharmonic vibrational frequencies	T081	C0871396
27294314	534	554	infrared intensities	T070	C0596836
27294314	556	563	quartic	T081	C0392762
27294314	568	607	sextic centrifugal distortion constants	T081	C0392762
27294314	609	623	dipole moments	T081	C0596449
27294314	629	672	(14)N nuclear quadrupole coupling constants	T081	C0392762
27294314	701	709	energies	T081	C1442080
27294314	731	761	composite focal-point analyses	T062	C0936012
27294314	778	782	sets	T077	C1705195
27294314	795	806	aug-cc-pV5Z	T170	C0282574
27294314	811	833	correlation treatments	T062,T170	C0010101
27294314	842	849	CCSD(T)	T170	C0282574
27294314	855	875	rotational constants	T081	C0392762
27294314	886	896	conformers	T082	C0026377
27294314	909	949	Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy	UnknownType	C0678650
27294314	981	1024	vibrationally averaged rotational constants	T081	C0392762
27294314	1053	1087	anharmonic vibrational frequencies	T081	C0871396
27294314	1137	1160	vibrational absorptions	T067	C2825050
27294314	1190	1200	conformers	T082	C0026377

27294436|t|Interpretation of verbal descriptors for response options commonly used in verbal rating scales in patient -reported outcome instruments
27294436|a|To assess the variation in the interpretation of common verbal descriptors (VDs) used in response scales and examine factors associated with those interpretations. Subjects were recruited through MediGuard and they assigned interpretation scores (11-point scale; 0 = lowest possible, 10 = highest possible) to five common sets of VDs: set one (none, mild, moderate, severe, very severe); set two (never, rarely, sometimes, often, always); set three (poor, fair, good, very good, excellent); set four (not at all, a little bit, moderately, quite a bit, extremely); and set five (not at all, a little bit, somewhat, quite a bit, very much). One-sample test for proportions and T-tests examined equality of proportions (anchors) and means scores (non-anchors) with the fixed intervals (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0). Ordinal regression examined adjusted associations between demographic / clinical factors and VD scores. Of the 350 subjects, 68 % were females and mean (SD) age was 56.9 (12.1). Two sets had two VDs with mean (95 % CI) scores not different than the fixed intervals. Set one had mild = 2.50 (2.33; 2.66) and moderate = 5.01 (4.89; 5.13) with 98.8 % (97.3 %; 100 %) assigning none = 0. Set five had a little bit = 2.35 (2.17; 2.53) and quite a bit = 7.65 (7.43; 7.87) with 95.0 % (95 % CI 91.7; 98.2) assigning not at all = 0. Significant associations (p ≤ 0.05) included age and education with somewhat and income and comorbidities with very severe. Age, sex, and education showed associations with other VDs albeit in nonsignificant models. Sets one and five yielded data closest to the fixed intervals. Demographic and clinical factors are associated with the interpretation of some VDs and should be adjusted for in analyses of non-randomized data.
27294436	0	14	Interpretation	T170	C0459471
27294436	18	24	verbal	T080	C0439824
27294436	18	36	verbal descriptors	T170	C0282354
27294436	41	49	response	T041	C2911692
27294436	50	57	options	T169	C1518601
27294436	75	95	verbal rating scales	T170	C0458261
27294436	99	106	patient	T101	C0030705
27294436	140	146	assess	T058	C0184514
27294436	151	160	variation	T080	C0205419
27294436	168	182	interpretation	T170	C0459471
27294436	193	199	verbal	T080	C0439824
27294436	193	211	verbal descriptors	T170	C0282354
27294436	213	216	VDs	T170	C0282354
27294436	226	234	response	T041	C2911692
27294436	226	241	response scales	T170	C0282574
27294436	246	253	examine	T169	C1292732
27294436	254	261	factors	T169	C1521761
27294436	262	272	associated	T080	C0332281
27294436	284	299	interpretations	T170	C0459471
27294436	301	309	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27294436	333	342	MediGuard	T170	C0282574
27294436	361	375	interpretation	T170	C0459471
27294436	376	382	scores	T081	C0449820
27294436	467	470	VDs	T170	C0282354
27294436	481	485	none	T081	C0549184
27294436	487	491	mild	T080	C2945599
27294436	493	501	moderate	T080	C0205081
27294436	503	509	severe	T080	C0205082
27294436	511	522	very severe	T080	C3641272
27294436	534	539	never	T079	C2003901
27294436	541	547	rarely	T080	C0522498
27294436	549	558	sometimes	T079	C1998882
27294436	560	565	often	T079	C0332183
27294436	567	573	always	T079	C2003902
27294436	587	591	poor	T080	C2700379
27294436	593	597	fair	T080	C2911689
27294436	599	603	good	T080	C0205170
27294436	605	614	very good	T080	C3641222
27294436	616	625	excellent	T080	C1961136
27294436	638	648	not at all	T033	C2984077
27294436	650	662	a little bit	T033	C2984078
27294436	664	674	moderately	T080	C0205081
27294436	676	687	quite a bit	T033	C2984080
27294436	689	698	extremely	T080	C0205403
27294436	715	725	not at all	T033	C2984077
27294436	727	739	a little bit	T033	C2984078
27294436	741	749	somewhat	T033	C2984079
27294436	751	762	quite a bit	T033	C2984080
27294436	764	773	very much	T080	C2984081
27294436	776	791	One-sample test	T170	C1709321
27294436	796	807	proportions	T081	C1709707
27294436	812	819	T-tests	T170	C0871472
27294436	829	837	equality	T080	C0205163
27294436	841	852	proportions	T081	C1709707
27294436	854	861	anchors	T098	C1257890
27294436	867	879	means scores	T081	C0449820
27294436	881	892	non-anchors	T098	C1257890
27294436	909	918	intervals	T079	C1272706
27294436	951	969	Ordinal regression	T170	C0034980
27294436	988	1000	associations	T080	C0439849
27294436	1009	1020	demographic	T078	C0011292
27294436	1023	1031	clinical	T080	C0205210
27294436	1032	1039	factors	T169	C1521761
27294436	1044	1046	VD	T170	C0282354
27294436	1047	1053	scores	T081	C0449820
27294436	1066	1074	subjects	T098	C0080105
27294436	1086	1093	females	T032	C0086287
27294436	1104	1106	SD	T081	C0871420
27294436	1108	1111	age	T032	C0001779
27294436	1146	1149	VDs	T170	C0282354
27294436	1166	1168	CI	T081	C0009667
27294436	1170	1176	scores	T081	C0449820
27294436	1206	1215	intervals	T079	C1272706
27294436	1229	1233	mild	T080	C2945599
27294436	1258	1266	moderate	T080	C0205081
27294436	1348	1360	a little bit	T033	C2984078
27294436	1385	1396	quite a bit	T033	C2984080
27294436	1435	1437	CI	T081	C0009667
27294436	1460	1470	not at all	T033	C2984077
27294436	1521	1524	age	T032	C0001779
27294436	1529	1538	education	T033	C0013658
27294436	1557	1563	income	T081	C0021162
27294436	1568	1581	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27294436	1600	1603	Age	T032	C0001779
27294436	1605	1608	sex	T032	C0079399
27294436	1614	1623	education	T033	C0013658
27294436	1655	1658	VDs	T170	C0282354
27294436	1669	1690	nonsignificant models	T170	C3161035
27294436	1718	1722	data	T078	C1511726
27294436	1744	1753	intervals	T079	C1272706
27294436	1755	1766	Demographic	T078	C0011292
27294436	1771	1779	clinical	T080	C0205210
27294436	1780	1787	factors	T169	C1521761
27294436	1792	1802	associated	T080	C0332281
27294436	1812	1826	interpretation	T170	C0459471
27294436	1835	1838	VDs	T170	C0282354
27294436	1853	1861	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27294436	1869	1877	analyses	T062	C0936012
27294436	1881	1900	non-randomized data	T078	C1511726

27294526|t|Glycolysis determines dichotomous regulation of T cell subsets in hypoxia
27294526|a|Hypoxia occurs in many pathological conditions, including chronic inflammation and tumors, and is considered to be an inhibitor of T cell function. However, robust T cell responses occur at many hypoxic inflammatory sites, suggesting that functions of some subsets are stimulated under low oxygen conditions. Here, we investigated how hypoxic conditions influence human T cell functions and found that, in contrast to naive and central memory T cells (TN and TCM), hypoxia enhances the proliferation, viability, and cytotoxic action of effector memory T cells (TEM). Enhanced TEM expansion in hypoxia corresponded to high hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) expression and glycolytic activity compared with that observed in TN and TCM. We determined that the glycolytic enzyme GAPDH negatively regulates HIF1A expression by binding to adenylate-uridylate-rich elements in the 3'-UTR region of HIF1A mRNA in glycolytically inactive TN and TCM. Conversely, active glycolysis with decreased GAPDH availability in TEM resulted in elevated HIF1α expression. Furthermore, GAPDH overexpression reduced HIF1α expression and impaired proliferation and survival of T cells in hypoxia, indicating that high glycolytic metabolism drives increases in HIF1α to enhance TEM function during hypoxia. This work demonstrates that glycolytic metabolism regulates the translation of HIF1A to determine T cell responses to hypoxia and implicates GAPDH as a potential mechanism for controlling T cell function in peripheral tissue.
27294526	0	10	Glycolysis	T044	C0017952
27294526	22	44	dichotomous regulation	T169	C0205245
27294526	48	62	T cell subsets	T025	C0080202
27294526	66	73	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27294526	74	81	Hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27294526	82	88	occurs	T052	C1709305
27294526	97	120	pathological conditions	T046	C0030660
27294526	132	152	chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
27294526	157	163	tumors	T191	C0027651
27294526	172	182	considered	T078	C0750591
27294526	192	201	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27294526	205	211	T cell	T025	C0039194
27294526	212	220	function	T043	C0007613
27294526	238	244	T cell	T025	C0039194
27294526	245	254	responses	T043	C1318468
27294526	269	276	hypoxic	T046	C0242184
27294526	277	289	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27294526	290	295	sites	T082	C0205145
27294526	313	322	functions	T169	C0542341
27294526	331	338	subsets	T025	C0080202
27294526	343	353	stimulated	T070	C1948023
27294526	360	381	low oxygen conditions	T033	C0700292
27294526	392	404	investigated	T169	C1292732
27294526	409	416	hypoxic	T046	C0242184
27294526	417	427	conditions	T080	C0348080
27294526	428	437	influence	T077	C4054723
27294526	438	443	human	T016	C0086418
27294526	444	450	T cell	T025	C0039194
27294526	451	460	functions	T043	C0007613
27294526	492	497	naive	T025	C3641721
27294526	502	524	central memory T cells	T025	C4289823
27294526	526	528	TN	T025	C3641721
27294526	533	536	TCM	T025	C4289823
27294526	539	546	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27294526	547	555	enhances	T052	C2349975
27294526	560	573	proliferation	T043	C0596873
27294526	575	584	viability	T043	C0007620
27294526	590	606	cytotoxic action	T169	C1511636
27294526	610	633	effector memory T cells	T025	C4289596
27294526	635	638	TEM	T025	C4289596
27294526	641	649	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
27294526	650	653	TEM	T025	C4289596
27294526	654	663	expansion	T043	C0007595
27294526	667	674	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27294526	696	723	hypoxia-inducible factor 1α	T028	C1333897
27294526	725	730	HIF1α	T028	C1333897
27294526	732	742	expression	T045	C0017262
27294526	747	757	glycolytic	T044	C0017952
27294526	758	766	activity	T052	C0441655
27294526	767	775	compared	T052	C1707455
27294526	786	794	observed	T169	C1441672
27294526	798	800	TN	T025	C3641721
27294526	805	808	TCM	T025	C4289823
27294526	813	823	determined	T080	C0521095
27294526	833	843	glycolytic	T044	C0017952
27294526	844	856	enzyme GAPDH	T116,T126	C3536868
27294526	868	877	regulates	T169	C0205245
27294526	878	883	HIF1A	T028	C1333897
27294526	884	894	expression	T045	C0017262
27294526	898	942	binding to adenylate-uridylate-rich elements	T045	C1148850
27294526	950	963	3'-UTR region	T086,T123	C0600600
27294526	967	977	HIF1A mRNA	T028	C1333897
27294526	981	995	glycolytically	T044	C0017952
27294526	996	1004	inactive	T081	C1705605
27294526	1005	1007	TN	T025	C3641721
27294526	1012	1015	TCM	T025	C4289823
27294526	1029	1035	active	T169	C0205177
27294526	1036	1046	glycolysis	T044	C0017952
27294526	1052	1061	decreased	T081	C0205216
27294526	1062	1067	GAPDH	T116,T126	C3536868
27294526	1068	1080	availability	T169	C0470187
27294526	1084	1087	TEM	T025	C4289596
27294526	1088	1099	resulted in	T169	C0332294
27294526	1109	1114	HIF1α	T028	C1333897
27294526	1115	1125	expression	T045	C0017262
27294526	1140	1145	GAPDH	T116,T126	C3536868
27294526	1146	1160	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27294526	1161	1168	reduced	T080	C0392756
27294526	1169	1174	HIF1α	T028	C1333897
27294526	1175	1185	expression	T045	C0017262
27294526	1190	1198	impaired	T169	C0221099
27294526	1199	1212	proliferation	T043	C0596873
27294526	1217	1225	survival	T043	C0007620
27294526	1229	1236	T cells	T025	C0039194
27294526	1240	1247	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27294526	1265	1280	high glycolytic	T044	C0017952
27294526	1281	1291	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27294526	1299	1308	increases	T081	C0205217
27294526	1312	1317	HIF1α	T028	C1333897
27294526	1321	1328	enhance	T052	C2349975
27294526	1329	1332	TEM	T025	C4289596
27294526	1333	1341	function	T043	C0007613
27294526	1349	1356	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27294526	1386	1396	glycolytic	T044	C0017952
27294526	1397	1407	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27294526	1408	1417	regulates	T169	C0205245
27294526	1422	1433	translation	T045	C1519614
27294526	1437	1442	HIF1A	T028	C1333897
27294526	1456	1462	T cell	T025	C0039194
27294526	1463	1472	responses	T043	C1318468
27294526	1476	1483	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27294526	1499	1504	GAPDH	T116,T126	C3536868
27294526	1510	1519	potential	T080	C3245505
27294526	1520	1529	mechanism	T044	C0596524
27294526	1546	1552	T cell	T025	C0039194
27294526	1553	1561	function	T043	C0007613
27294526	1565	1575	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27294526	1576	1582	tissue	T024	C0040300

27294544|t|Nanocatalysts promote Streptococcus mutans biofilm matrix degradation and enhance bacterial killing to suppress dental caries in vivo
27294544|a|Dental biofilms (known as plaque) are notoriously difficult to remove or treat because the bacteria can be enmeshed in a protective extracellular matrix. It can also create highly acidic microenvironments that cause acid-dissolution of enamel - apatite on teeth, leading to the onset of dental caries. Current antimicrobial agents are incapable of disrupting the matrix and thereby fail to efficiently kill the microbes within plaque - biofilms. Here, we report a novel strategy to control plaque - biofilms using catalytic nanoparticles (CAT-NP) with peroxidase -like activity that trigger extracellular matrix degradation and cause bacterial death within acidic niches of caries -causing biofilm. CAT-NP containing biocompatible Fe3O4 were developed to catalyze H2O2 to generate free-radicals in situ that simultaneously degrade the biofilm matrix and rapidly kill the embedded bacteria with exceptional efficacy (>5-log reduction of cell-viability). Moreover, it displays an additional property of reducing apatite demineralization in acidic conditions. Using 1-min topical daily treatments akin to a clinical situation, we demonstrate that CAT-NP in combination with H2O2 effectively suppress the onset and severity of dental caries while sparing normal tissues in vivo. Our results reveal the potential to exploit nanocatalysts with enzyme-like activity as a potent alternative approach for treatment of a prevalent biofilm -associated oral disease.
27294544	0	13	Nanocatalysts	T067	C0175921
27294544	22	42	Streptococcus mutans	T007	C0038409
27294544	43	57	biofilm matrix	T024	C3548526
27294544	58	69	degradation	T169	C0243125
27294544	74	81	enhance	T052	C2349975
27294544	82	99	bacterial killing	T034	C1318001
27294544	103	111	suppress	T169	C1260953
27294544	112	125	dental caries	T047	C0011334
27294544	126	133	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27294544	134	140	Dental	T080	C0226984
27294544	141	149	biofilms	T007	C0081786
27294544	160	166	plaque	T047	C0011389
27294544	172	193	notoriously difficult	T080	C0332218
27294544	207	212	treat	T169	C1522326
27294544	225	233	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27294544	255	286	protective extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27294544	314	338	acidic microenvironments	T082	C0014406
27294544	370	376	enamel	T031	C0011350
27294544	379	386	apatite	T197	C0003522
27294544	390	395	teeth	T023	C0040426
27294544	421	434	dental caries	T047	C0011334
27294544	444	464	antimicrobial agents	T121	C1136254
27294544	469	478	incapable	T033	C1550518
27294544	482	492	disrupting	T080	C0332454
27294544	497	503	matrix	T024	C0015350
27294544	536	540	kill	T054	C0162388
27294544	545	553	microbes	T001	C0445623
27294544	561	567	plaque	T047	C0011389
27294544	570	578	biofilms	T007	C0081786
27294544	624	630	plaque	T047	C0011389
27294544	633	641	biofilms	T007	C0081786
27294544	648	671	catalytic nanoparticles	T067	C0175921
27294544	673	679	CAT-NP	T067	C0175921
27294544	686	696	peroxidase	T116,T126	C0027021
27294544	725	745	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27294544	746	757	degradation	T169	C0243125
27294544	768	783	bacterial death	T033	C1306577
27294544	808	814	caries	T047	C0011334
27294544	824	831	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27294544	833	839	CAT-NP	T067	C0175921
27294544	851	864	biocompatible	T122	C0005479
27294544	865	870	Fe3O4	T197	C0919332
27294544	889	897	catalyze	T070	C0007382
27294544	898	902	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27294544	915	928	free-radicals	T104,T123	C0016693
27294544	929	936	in situ	T082	C0444498
27294544	957	964	degrade	T169	C0243125
27294544	969	983	biofilm matrix	T024	C3548526
27294544	996	1000	kill	T054	C0162388
27294544	996	1000	kill	T054	C0162388
27294544	1005	1022	embedded bacteria	T007	C0004611
27294544	1028	1048	exceptional efficacy	T080	C1280519
27294544	1070	1084	cell-viability	T043	C0007620
27294544	1144	1151	apatite	T197	C0003522
27294544	1152	1168	demineralization	T046	C0700185
27294544	1172	1189	acidic conditions	T080	C0348080
27294544	1211	1216	daily	T079	C0332173
27294544	1217	1227	treatments	T169	C1522326
27294544	1238	1256	clinical situation	T041	C0004448
27294544	1278	1284	CAT-NP	T067	C0175921
27294544	1305	1309	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27294544	1322	1330	suppress	T169	C1260953
27294544	1345	1353	severity	T080	C0439793
27294544	1357	1370	dental caries	T047	C0011334
27294544	1392	1399	tissues	T024	C0040300
27294544	1400	1407	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27294544	1413	1420	results	T034	C0456984
27294544	1432	1441	potential	T080	C3245505
27294544	1453	1466	nanocatalysts	T067	C0175921
27294544	1472	1492	enzyme-like activity	T044	C0243102
27294544	1530	1539	treatment	T061	C0087111
27294544	1555	1562	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27294544	1575	1587	oral disease	T047	C0026636

27294781|t|N-linked glycosylation of SV2 is required for binding and uptake of botulinum neurotoxin A
27294781|a|Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 (BoNT/A1), a licensed drug widely used for medical and cosmetic applications, exerts its action by invading motoneurons. Here we report a 2.0-Å-resolution crystal structure of the BoNT/A1 receptor - binding domain in complex with its neuronal receptor, glycosylated human SV2C. We found that the neuronal tropism of BoNT/A1 requires recognition of both the peptide moiety and an N-linked glycan on SV2. This N-glycan -which is conserved in all SV2 isoforms across vertebrates -is essential for BoNT/A1 binding to neurons and for its potent neurotoxicity. The glycan - binding interface on SV2 is targeted by a human BoNT/A1 - neutralizing antibody currently licensed as an antibotulism drug. Our studies reveal a new paradigm of host-pathogen interactions, in which pathogens exploit conserved host post-translational modifications, thereby achieving highly specific receptor binding while also tolerating genetic changes across multiple isoforms of receptors.
27294781	0	22	N-linked glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27294781	26	29	SV2	T116,T123	C3711414
27294781	46	53	binding	T044	C0033618
27294781	58	64	uptake	T039	C0243144
27294781	68	90	botulinum neurotoxin A	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
27294781	91	123	Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
27294781	125	132	BoNT/A1	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
27294781	137	145	licensed	T089	C0023636
27294781	146	150	drug	T121	C1254351
27294781	167	174	medical	T121	C0013227
27294781	179	200	cosmetic applications	T073	C0010164
27294781	232	243	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27294781	279	296	crystal structure	T104	C0444626
27294781	304	320	BoNT/A1 receptor	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
27294781	323	337	binding domain	T087	C1514535
27294781	341	348	complex	T104	C1704241
27294781	358	375	neuronal receptor	T026	C2325760
27294781	377	389	glycosylated	T044	C0376322
27294781	390	400	human SV2C	T116,T123	C3711414
27294781	420	428	neuronal	T129	C0521390
27294781	429	436	tropism	T039	C1328821
27294781	440	447	BoNT/A1	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
27294781	457	468	recognition	T044	C0599844
27294781	481	495	peptide moiety	T116	C0030956
27294781	503	518	N-linked glycan	T109,T121	C0032594
27294781	522	525	SV2	T116,T123	C3711414
27294781	532	540	N-glycan	T109,T121	C0032594
27294781	568	571	SV2	T116,T123	C3711414
27294781	572	580	isoforms	T116	C0597298
27294781	588	599	vertebrates	T010	C0042567
27294781	618	625	BoNT/A1	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
27294781	626	633	binding	T044	C0033618
27294781	637	644	neurons	T025	C0027882
27294781	664	677	neurotoxicity	T037	C0235032
27294781	683	689	glycan	T109,T121	C0032594
27294781	692	699	binding	T044	C0033618
27294781	713	716	SV2	T116,T123	C3711414
27294781	720	728	targeted	T169	C1521840
27294781	734	739	human	T016	C0086418
27294781	740	747	BoNT/A1	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
27294781	750	771	neutralizing antibody	T116,T129	C0475463
27294781	782	790	licensed	T089	C0023636
27294781	797	814	antibotulism drug	T121	C1254351
27294781	841	849	paradigm	T062	C0681797
27294781	853	879	host-pathogen interactions	T040	C1752856
27294781	890	899	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27294781	918	922	host	T001	C1167395
27294781	923	955	post-translational modifications	T044	C0033666
27294781	991	1007	receptor binding	T044	C0597358
27294781	1030	1045	genetic changes	T049	C1705285
27294781	1062	1070	isoforms	T116	C0597298
27294781	1074	1083	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357

27294858|t|Accuracy of Currently Used Paper Burn Diagram vs a Three-Dimensional Computerized Model
27294858|a|Burn units have historically used paper diagrams to estimate percent burn; however, unintentional errors can occur. The use of a computer program that incorporates wound mapping from photographs onto a three-dimensional (3D) human diagram could decrease subjectivity in preparing burn diagrams and subsequent calculations of TBSA burned. Analyses were done on 19 burned patients who had an estimated TBSA burned of ≥20%. The patients were admitted to Shriners Hospitals for Children or the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston, Texas, from July 2012 to September 2013 for treatment. Digital photographs were collected before the patient's first surgery. Using BurnCase 3D (RISC Software GmbH, Hagenberg, Austria), a burn mapping software, the user traced partial- and full-thickness burns from photographs. The program then superimposed tracings onto a 3D model and calculated percent burned. The results were compared with the Lund and Browder diagrams completed after the first operation. A two-tailed t-test was used to calculate statistical differences. For partial-thickness burns, burn sizes calculated using Lund and Browder diagrams were significantly larger than those calculated using BurnCase 3D (15% difference, P < .01). The opposite was found for full-thickness burns, with burn sizes being smaller when calculated using Lund and Browder diagrams (11% difference, P < .05). In conclusion, substantial differences exist in percent burn estimations derived from BurnCase 3D and paper diagram s. In our studied cohort, paper diagram s were associated with overestimation of partial-thickness burn size and underestimation of full-thickness burn size. Additional studies comparing BurnCase 3D with other commonly used methods are warranted.
27294858	0	8	Accuracy	T080	C0443131
27294858	27	32	Paper	T073	C0030351
27294858	33	37	Burn	T037	C0006434
27294858	38	45	Diagram	T170	C0681494
27294858	51	68	Three-Dimensional	T082	C0450363
27294858	69	87	Computerized Model	T066	C0009609
27294858	88	98	Burn units	T073,T093	C0006425
27294858	122	127	paper	T073	C0030351
27294858	128	136	diagrams	T170	C0681494
27294858	140	148	estimate	T081	C0750572
27294858	149	156	percent	T081	C0439165
27294858	157	161	burn	T037	C0006434
27294858	172	192	unintentional errors	T080	C0743559
27294858	217	233	computer program	T073,T170	C0037585
27294858	252	257	wound	T037	C0043250
27294858	258	265	mapping	T052	C1283195
27294858	271	282	photographs	T073	C0441468
27294858	290	307	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27294858	309	311	3D	T082	C0450363
27294858	313	318	human	T016	C0086418
27294858	319	326	diagram	T170	C0681494
27294858	333	341	decrease	T081	C0547047
27294858	342	354	subjectivity	T055	C0871457
27294858	368	372	burn	T037	C0006434
27294858	373	381	diagrams	T170	C0681494
27294858	397	409	calculations	T052	C1441506
27294858	413	417	TBSA	T032	C0005902
27294858	418	424	burned	T037	C0006434
27294858	426	434	Analyses	T062	C0936012
27294858	451	457	burned	T037	C0006434
27294858	458	466	patients	T101	C0030705
27294858	478	487	estimated	T081	C0750572
27294858	488	492	TBSA	T032	C0005902
27294858	493	499	burned	T037	C0006434
27294858	513	521	patients	T101	C0030705
27294858	527	535	admitted	T058	C0184666
27294858	539	557	Shriners Hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27294858	562	570	Children	T100	C0008059
27294858	578	612	University of Texas Medical Branch	T093	C0920545
27294858	616	632	Galveston, Texas	T083	C3830054
27294858	639	643	July	T080	C3829447
27294858	652	661	September	T079	C3828193
27294858	671	680	treatment	T061	C0087111
27294858	682	689	Digital	T080	C1883674
27294858	690	701	photographs	T073	C0441468
27294858	707	716	collected	T078	C1516695
27294858	728	737	patient's	T101	C0030705
27294858	738	743	first	T081	C0205435
27294858	744	751	surgery	T061	C0543467
27294858	759	770	BurnCase 3D	T170	C0282574
27294858	772	790	RISC Software GmbH	T073,T092	C0683757
27294858	792	801	Hagenberg	UnknownType	C0681784
27294858	803	810	Austria	T083	C0004348
27294858	815	819	burn	T037	C0006434
27294858	820	827	mapping	T052	C1283195
27294858	828	836	software	T073,T170	C0037585
27294858	842	846	user	T098	C1706077
27294858	854	862	partial-	T081	C0443275
27294858	867	881	full-thickness	T081	C0439809
27294858	882	887	burns	T037	C0006434
27294858	893	904	photographs	T073	C0441468
27294858	910	917	program	T073,T170	C0037585
27294858	923	944	superimposed tracings	T169	C0205245
27294858	952	954	3D	T082	C0450363
27294858	955	960	model	T066	C0009609
27294858	965	975	calculated	T052	C1441506
27294858	976	983	percent	T081	C0439165
27294858	984	990	burned	T037	C0006434
27294858	996	1003	results	T169	C1274040
27294858	1009	1017	compared	T052	C1707455
27294858	1027	1052	Lund and Browder diagrams	T170	C0681494
27294858	1073	1078	first	T081	C0205435
27294858	1079	1088	operation	T061	C0543467
27294858	1092	1109	two-tailed t-test	T170	C0871472
27294858	1122	1131	calculate	T052	C1441506
27294858	1132	1155	statistical differences	T081	C1705241
27294858	1161	1178	partial-thickness	T081	C0443275
27294858	1179	1184	burns	T037	C0006434
27294858	1186	1190	burn	T037	C0006434
27294858	1191	1196	sizes	T082	C0456389
27294858	1197	1207	calculated	T052	C1441506
27294858	1214	1239	Lund and Browder diagrams	T170	C0681494
27294858	1245	1265	significantly larger	T078	C0750502
27294858	1277	1287	calculated	T052	C1441506
27294858	1294	1305	BurnCase 3D	T170	C0282574
27294858	1311	1321	difference	T081	C1705241
27294858	1337	1345	opposite	T082	C1521805
27294858	1360	1374	full-thickness	T081	C0439809
27294858	1375	1380	burns	T037	C0006434
27294858	1387	1391	burn	T037	C0006434
27294858	1392	1397	sizes	T082	C0456389
27294858	1417	1427	calculated	T052	C1441506
27294858	1434	1459	Lund and Browder diagrams	T170	C0681494
27294858	1465	1475	difference	T081	C1705241
27294858	1502	1525	substantial differences	T081	C1705241
27294858	1526	1531	exist	T077	C2987476
27294858	1535	1542	percent	T081	C0439165
27294858	1543	1547	burn	T037	C0006434
27294858	1548	1559	estimations	T041	C0680844
27294858	1573	1584	BurnCase 3D	T170	C0282574
27294858	1589	1594	paper	T073	C0030351
27294858	1595	1602	diagram	T170	C0681494
27294858	1613	1627	studied cohort	T098	C0599755
27294858	1629	1634	paper	T073	C0030351
27294858	1635	1642	diagram	T170	C0681494
27294858	1650	1665	associated with	T080	C0332281
27294858	1666	1680	overestimation	T041	C0680844
27294858	1684	1701	partial-thickness	T081	C0443275
27294858	1702	1706	burn	T037	C0006434
27294858	1707	1711	size	T082	C0456389
27294858	1716	1731	underestimation	T041	C0680844
27294858	1735	1749	full-thickness	T081	C0439809
27294858	1750	1754	burn	T037	C0006434
27294858	1755	1759	size	T082	C0456389
27294858	1772	1779	studies	T062	C2603343
27294858	1790	1801	BurnCase 3D	T170	C0282574
27294858	1827	1834	methods	T170	C0025663

27294935|t|Field Measurements and Numerical Simulations of Temperature and Moisture in Highway Engineering Using a Frequency Domain Reflectometry Sensor
27294935|a|This paper presents a systematic pioneering study on the use of agricultural - purpose frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors to monitor temperature and moisture of a subgrade in highway extension and reconstruction engineering. The principle of agricultural - purpose FDR sensors and the process for embedding this kind of sensors for subgrade engineering purposes are introduced. Based on field measured weather data, a numerical analysis model for temperature and moisture content in the subgrade's soil is built. Comparisons of the temperature and moisture data obtained from numerical simulation and FDR -based measurements are conducted. The results show that: (1) the embedding method and process, data acquisition, and remote transmission presented are reasonable; (2) the temperature and moisture changes are coordinated with the atmospheric environment and they are also in close agreement with numerical calculations; (3) the change laws of both are consistent at positions where the subgrade is compacted uniformly. These results suggest that the data measured by the agricultural - purpose FDR sensors are reliable. The findings of this paper enable a new and effective real-time monitoring method for a subgrade's temperature and moisture changes, and thus broaden the application of agricultural - purpose FDR sensors.
27294935	0	5	Field	T082	C1254362
27294935	6	18	Measurements	T169	C0242485
27294935	23	44	Numerical Simulations	T066	C0009609
27294935	48	59	Temperature	T081	C0039476
27294935	64	72	Moisture	T167	C0868994
27294935	76	95	Highway Engineering	UnknownType	C0681605
27294935	104	141	Frequency Domain Reflectometry Sensor	T073	C0183210
27294935	164	174	systematic	T169	C0220922
27294935	175	191	pioneering study	T062	C2603343
27294935	199	205	use of	T169	C1524063
27294935	206	218	agricultural	T090	C0001829
27294935	221	228	purpose	T169	C1285529
27294935	229	273	frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) sensors	T073	C0183210
27294935	277	284	monitor	T169	C1441672
27294935	285	296	temperature	T081	C0039476
27294935	301	309	moisture	T167	C0868994
27294935	327	334	highway	T082	C0840965
27294935	335	344	extension	T169	C0231448
27294935	349	375	reconstruction engineering	T057	C0578393
27294935	381	390	principle	T078	C1254370
27294935	394	406	agricultural	T090	C0001829
27294935	409	416	purpose	T169	C1285529
27294935	417	428	FDR sensors	T073	C0183210
27294935	437	444	process	T067	C1522240
27294935	449	458	embedding	T059	C1707903
27294935	472	479	sensors	T073	C0183210
27294935	493	504	engineering	T090	C0014279
27294935	505	513	purposes	T169	C1285529
27294935	539	544	field	T082	C1254362
27294935	545	553	measured	T080	C0444706
27294935	554	561	weather	T070	C0043085
27294935	562	566	data	T078	C1511726
27294935	570	594	numerical analysis model	T170	C3161035
27294935	599	610	temperature	T081	C0039476
27294935	615	623	moisture	T167	C0868994
27294935	650	654	soil	T167	C0037592
27294935	665	676	Comparisons	T052	C1707455
27294935	684	695	temperature	T081	C0039476
27294935	700	708	moisture	T167	C0868994
27294935	709	713	data	T078	C1511726
27294935	728	748	numerical simulation	T066	C0009609
27294935	753	756	FDR	T073	C0183210
27294935	764	776	measurements	T169	C0242485
27294935	796	803	results	T169	C1274040
27294935	823	839	embedding method	T059	C1707903
27294935	844	851	process	T067	C1522240
27294935	853	869	data acquisition	T067	C1522240
27294935	875	894	remote transmission	T070	C1521797
27294935	895	904	presented	T078	C0449450
27294935	929	940	temperature	T081	C0039476
27294935	945	953	moisture	T167	C0868994
27294935	954	961	changes	T169	C0392747
27294935	966	977	coordinated	T169	C0700114
27294935	987	1010	atmospheric environment	T082	C0014406
27294935	1053	1075	numerical calculations	T052	C1441506
27294935	1085	1091	change	T169	C0392747
27294935	1109	1119	consistent	T078	C0332290
27294935	1123	1132	positions	T082	C0733755
27294935	1155	1164	compacted	T033	C1333134
27294935	1165	1174	uniformly	T080	C0205375
27294935	1182	1189	results	T169	C1274040
27294935	1190	1197	suggest	T078	C1705535
27294935	1207	1211	data	T078	C1511726
27294935	1212	1220	measured	T080	C0444706
27294935	1228	1240	agricultural	T090	C0001829
27294935	1243	1250	purpose	T169	C1285529
27294935	1251	1262	FDR sensors	T073	C0183210
27294935	1281	1289	findings	T033	C0243095
27294935	1321	1330	effective	T080	C1704419
27294935	1331	1340	real-time	T079	C1550177
27294935	1341	1351	monitoring	T057	C0014416
27294935	1352	1358	method	T170	C0025663
27294935	1376	1387	temperature	T081	C0039476
27294935	1392	1400	moisture	T167	C0868994
27294935	1401	1408	changes	T169	C0392747
27294935	1446	1458	agricultural	T090	C0001829
27294935	1461	1468	purpose	T169	C1285529
27294935	1469	1480	FDR sensors	T073	C0183210

27294945|t|Effects of Cerium and Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Soil on the Nutrient Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L .) Kernels
27294945|a|The implications of metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) are still unknown for many food crops. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of cerium oxide (nCeO₂) and titanium oxide (nTiO₂) nanoparticles in soil at 0, 500 and 1000 mg·kg(-1) on the nutritional parameters of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels. Mineral nutrients, amylose, β-glucans, amino acid and crude protein (CP) concentrations were measured in kernels. Whole flour samples were analyzed by ICP-AES/MS, HPLC and Elemental CHNS Analyzer. Results showed that Ce and Ti accumulation under MeNPs treatments did not differ from the control treatment. However, nCeO₂ and nTiO₂ had an impact on composition and nutritional quality of barley kernels in contrasting ways. Both MeNPs left β-glucans unaffected but reduced amylose content by approximately 21%. Most amino acids and CP increased. Among amino acids, lysine followed by proline saw the largest increase (51% and 37%, respectively). Potassium and S were both negatively impacted by MeNPs, while B was only affected by 500 mg nCeO₂ ·kg(-1). On the contrary Zn and Mn concentrations were improved by 500 mg nTiO₂ ·kg(-1), and Ca by both nTiO₂ treatments. Generally, our findings demonstrated that kernels are negatively affected by nCeO₂ while nTiO₂ can potentially have beneficial effects. However, both MeNPs have the potential to negatively impact malt and feed production.
27294945	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27294945	11	17	Cerium	T130,T197	C0055114
27294945	22	36	Titanium Oxide	T121,T197	C0145999
27294945	37	50	Nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27294945	54	58	Soil	T167	C0037592
27294945	66	74	Nutrient	T168	C0678695
27294945	75	86	Composition	T201	C0486616
27294945	90	96	Barley	T002	C0331554
27294945	98	115	Hordeum vulgare L	T002	C0331554
27294945	119	126	Kernels	T168	C0453143
27294945	131	143	implications	T169	C0205245
27294945	147	166	metal nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27294945	168	174	MeNPs)	T073	C1721060
27294945	185	192	unknown	T080	C0439673
27294945	197	201	many	T081	C0439064
27294945	202	212	food crops	T002	C0242775
27294945	218	225	purpose	T169	C1285529
27294945	234	239	study	T062	C2603343
27294945	260	270	effects of	T080	C1704420
27294945	271	283	cerium oxide	T130,T197	C0055114
27294945	285	290	nCeO₂	T130,T197	C0055114
27294945	296	310	titanium oxide	T121,T197	C0145999
27294945	312	317	nTiO₂	T121,T197	C0145999
27294945	319	332	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27294945	336	340	soil	T167	C0037592
27294945	377	399	nutritional parameters	T080	C1521739
27294945	403	409	barley	T002	C0331554
27294945	411	429	Hordeum vulgare L.	T002	C0331554
27294945	431	438	kernels	T168	C0453143
27294945	440	457	Mineral nutrients	T197	C0682741
27294945	459	466	amylose	T109	C0002732
27294945	468	477	β-glucans	T109,T121	C1134651
27294945	479	489	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27294945	494	507	crude protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27294945	509	511	CP	T116,T123	C0033684
27294945	513	541	concentrations were measured	T081	C1446561
27294945	545	552	kernels	T168	C0453143
27294945	554	559	Whole	T081	C0444667
27294945	560	565	flour	T168	C0016260
27294945	591	601	ICP-AES/MS	T059	C2930679
27294945	603	607	HPLC	T059	C0008562
27294945	612	635	Elemental CHNS Analyzer	T073	C1706246
27294945	657	659	Ce	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27294945	664	666	Ti	T196	C0040302
27294945	667	679	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27294945	686	691	MeNPs	T073	C1721060
27294945	692	702	treatments	T169	C1522326
27294945	727	744	control treatment	T169	C1522326
27294945	755	760	nCeO₂	T130,T197	C0055114
27294945	765	770	nTiO₂	T121,T197	C0145999
27294945	778	784	impact	T080	C4049986
27294945	788	799	composition	T201	C0486616
27294945	804	823	nutritional quality	T080	C3489446
27294945	827	833	barley	T002	C0331554
27294945	834	841	kernels	T168	C0453143
27294945	845	861	contrasting ways	T080	C0205556
27294945	868	873	MeNPs	T073	C1721060
27294945	879	888	β-glucans	T109,T121	C1134651
27294945	889	899	unaffected	T077	C2986417
27294945	912	919	amylose	T109	C0002732
27294945	955	966	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27294945	971	973	CP	T116,T123	C0033684
27294945	974	983	increased	T081	C0205217
27294945	991	1002	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27294945	1004	1010	lysine	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
27294945	1023	1030	proline	T116,T123	C0033382
27294945	1039	1055	largest increase	T169	C0442805
27294945	1085	1094	Potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
27294945	1099	1100	S	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
27294945	1111	1130	negatively impacted	T080	C4049986
27294945	1134	1139	MeNPs	T073	C1721060
27294945	1158	1166	affected	T169	C0392760
27294945	1177	1182	nCeO₂	T130,T197	C0055114
27294945	1208	1210	Zn	T059	C0373748
27294945	1215	1232	Mn concentrations	T059	C0373677
27294945	1257	1262	nTiO₂	T121,T197	C0145999
27294945	1287	1292	nTiO₂	T121,T197	C0145999
27294945	1293	1303	treatments	T169	C1522326
27294945	1329	1341	demonstrated	T052	C3687625
27294945	1347	1354	kernels	T168	C0453143
27294945	1359	1378	negatively affected	T033	C1513916
27294945	1382	1387	nCeO₂	T130,T197	C0055114
27294945	1394	1399	nTiO₂	T121,T197	C0145999
27294945	1421	1439	beneficial effects	T080	C0205556
27294945	1455	1460	MeNPs	T073	C1721060
27294945	1483	1500	negatively impact	T080	C4049986
27294945	1501	1505	malt	T168	C0024651
27294945	1510	1525	feed production	T090	C4042899

27295294|t|Smart Thin Hydrogel Coatings Harnessing Hydrophobicity and Topography to Capture and Release Cancer Cells
27295294|a|Smart thin hydrogel coatings are fabricated to capture and release targeted cancer cells by simultaneously tuning surface hydrophobicity and topography. At physiological temperature, the targeted cancer cells are capture d on the hydrophobic and wrinkled coating surface. At room temperature, the captured cells are released from the hydrophilic and smooth coating surface.
27295294	0	28	Smart Thin Hydrogel Coatings	T122	C0005479
27295294	40	54	Hydrophobicity	T080	C0598629
27295294	59	69	Topography	UnknownType	C0459111
27295294	73	80	Capture	T169	C0205245
27295294	85	92	Release	T169	C0205245
27295294	93	105	Cancer Cells	T025	C0334227
27295294	106	134	Smart thin hydrogel coatings	T122	C0005479
27295294	153	160	capture	T169	C0205245
27295294	165	172	release	T169	C0205245
27295294	173	181	targeted	T169	C1521840
27295294	182	194	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27295294	198	212	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27295294	220	227	surface	T082	C0205148
27295294	228	242	hydrophobicity	T080	C0598629
27295294	247	257	topography	UnknownType	C0459111
27295294	262	287	physiological temperature	T032	C0005903
27295294	293	301	targeted	T169	C1521840
27295294	302	314	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27295294	319	326	capture	T169	C0205245
27295294	336	347	hydrophobic	T070	C3825187
27295294	352	376	wrinkled coating surface	T082	C0205148
27295294	381	397	room temperature	T081	C0039476
27295294	403	411	captured	T169	C0205245
27295294	412	417	cells	T025	C0334227
27295294	422	430	released	T169	C0205245
27295294	440	451	hydrophilic	T082	C0205148
27295294	456	462	smooth	T080	C0205357
27295294	463	478	coating surface	T082	C0205148

27295651|t|Parametric Surface Diffeomorphometry for Low Dimensional Embeddings of Dense Segmentations and Imagery
27295651|a|In the field of Computational Anatomy, biological form (including our focus, neuroanatomy) is studied quantitatively through the action of the diffeomorphism group on example anatomies - a technique called diffeomorphometry. Here we design an algorithm within this framework to pass from dense objects common in neuromaging studies (binary segmentations, structural images) to a sparse representation defined on the surface boundaries of anatomical structures, and embedded into the low dimensional coordinates of a parametric model. Our main new contribution is to introduce an expanded group action to simultaneously deform surfaces through direct mapping of points, as well as images through functional composition with the inverse. This allows us to index the diffeomorphisms with respect to two-dimensional surface geometries like subcortical gray matter structures, but explicitly map onto cost functions determined by noisy 3-dimensional measurements. We consider models generated from empirical covariance of training data, as well as bandlimited (Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunction) models when no such data is available. We show applications to noisy or anomalous segmentations, and other typical problems in neuroimaging studies. We reproduce statistical results detecting changes in Alzheimer's disease, despite dimensionality reduction. Lastly we apply our algorithm to the common problem of segmenting subcortical structures from T1 MR images.
27295651	0	36	Parametric Surface Diffeomorphometry	T059	C0200760
27295651	41	67	Low Dimensional Embeddings	T059	C1707903
27295651	71	90	Dense Segmentations	T066	C2697664
27295651	95	102	Imagery	T041	C0175631
27295651	119	140	Computational Anatomy	T060	C0025086
27295651	142	157	biological form	T091	C0005532
27295651	180	192	neuroanatomy	T091	C0027816
27295651	197	204	studied	T062	C0008972
27295651	205	219	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
27295651	232	238	action	T052	C3266814
27295651	246	266	diffeomorphism group	T169	C0205245
27295651	278	287	anatomies	T017	C0700276
27295651	292	301	technique	T169	C0449851
27295651	309	326	diffeomorphometry	T059	C0200762
27295651	336	342	design	T052	C1707689
27295651	346	355	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27295651	391	396	dense	T080	C0439794
27295651	415	426	neuromaging	T060	C0679575
27295651	427	434	studies	T062	C0008972
27295651	436	456	binary segmentations	T066	C2697664
27295651	458	475	structural images	T170	C1704254
27295651	482	488	sparse	T081	C0443295
27295651	489	503	representation	T052	C1882932
27295651	519	526	surface	T082	C0205148
27295651	527	537	boundaries	T077	C2327423
27295651	541	562	anatomical structures	T017	C0700276
27295651	568	576	embedded	T059	C1707903
27295651	586	589	low	T080	C0205251
27295651	590	613	dimensional coordinates	T082	C1707511
27295651	619	635	parametric model	UnknownType	C0681933
27295651	682	703	expanded group action	T052	C3266814
27295651	722	728	deform	T169	C0333067
27295651	729	737	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27295651	746	770	direct mapping of points	T052	C1283195
27295651	783	789	images	T170	C1704254
27295651	798	808	functional	T169	C0205245
27295651	809	820	composition	T201	C0486616
27295651	830	837	inverse	T080	C0439850
27295651	867	882	diffeomorphisms	T169	C0205245
27295651	899	914	two-dimensional	T082	C1705052
27295651	915	922	surface	T082	C0205148
27295651	939	973	subcortical gray matter structures	T023	C2323011
27295651	1028	1060	noisy 3-dimensional measurements	T033	C2828145
27295651	1074	1080	models	T075	C0026336
27295651	1096	1116	empirical covariance	T081	C0814908
27295651	1120	1133	training data	T078	C1511726
27295651	1146	1197	bandlimited (Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunction) models	T075	C0026336
27295651	1211	1215	data	T078	C1511726
27295651	1254	1259	noisy	T066	C2697664
27295651	1263	1272	anomalous	T033	C3277934
27295651	1273	1286	segmentations	T066	C2697664
27295651	1318	1330	neuroimaging	T060	C0679575
27295651	1331	1338	studies	T062	C0008972
27295651	1353	1364	statistical	T081	C2828391
27295651	1365	1372	results	T169	C1274040
27295651	1394	1413	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27295651	1423	1437	dimensionality	T082	C1707753
27295651	1438	1447	reduction	T080	C0392756
27295651	1469	1478	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27295651	1504	1514	segmenting	T066	C2697664
27295651	1515	1537	subcortical structures	T023	C2323011
27295651	1543	1555	T1 MR images	T060	C0024485

27296867|t|Fathers' Roles in the Care and Development of Their Children: The Role of Pediatricians
27296867|a|Fathers' involvement in and influence on the health and development of their children have increased in a myriad of ways in the past 10 years and have been widely studied. The role of pediatricians in working with fathers has correspondingly increased in importance. This report reviews new studies of the epidemiology of father involvement, including nonresidential as well as residential fathers. The effects of father involvement on child outcomes are discussed within each phase of a child's development. Particular emphasis is placed on (1) fathers' involvement across childhood ages and (2) the influence of fathers' physical and mental health on their children. Implications and advice for all child health providers to encourage and support father involvement are outlined.
27296867	0	14	Fathers' Roles	T054	C0680076
27296867	22	26	Care	T056	C0008067
27296867	31	42	Development	T040	C0008071
27296867	52	60	Children	T100	C0008059
27296867	66	87	Role of Pediatricians	T054	C0031829
27296867	88	96	Fathers'	T099	C0015671
27296867	97	108	involvement	T169	C1314939
27296867	116	125	influence	T077	C4054723
27296867	133	139	health	T078	C0018684
27296867	144	155	development	T040	C0008071
27296867	165	173	children	T100	C0008059
27296867	179	188	increased	T081	C0205217
27296867	194	200	myriad	T081	C0439064
27296867	224	229	years	T079	C0439234
27296867	251	258	studied	T062	C2603343
27296867	264	285	role of pediatricians	T054	C0031829
27296867	302	309	fathers	T099	C0015671
27296867	330	339	increased	T081	C0205217
27296867	343	353	importance	T080	C3898777
27296867	360	366	report	T170	C0684224
27296867	367	374	reviews	T169	C0699752
27296867	379	386	studies	T062	C2603343
27296867	394	406	epidemiology	T062	C0002783
27296867	410	416	father	T099	C0015671
27296867	417	428	involvement	T169	C1314939
27296867	440	454	nonresidential	T033	C0243095
27296867	466	485	residential fathers	T033	C2046891
27296867	491	498	effects	T080	C1280500
27296867	502	508	father	T099	C0015671
27296867	509	520	involvement	T169	C1314939
27296867	524	538	child outcomes	T040	C0008071
27296867	576	595	child's development	T040	C0008071
27296867	634	642	fathers'	T099	C0015671
27296867	643	654	involvement	T169	C1314939
27296867	662	671	childhood	T079	C0231335
27296867	672	676	ages	T032	C0001779
27296867	689	698	influence	T077	C4054723
27296867	702	710	fathers'	T099	C0015671
27296867	711	719	physical	T033	C0517226
27296867	724	737	mental health	T041	C0025353
27296867	747	755	children	T100	C0008059
27296867	757	769	Implications	T078	C1705535
27296867	774	780	advice	T058	C0150600
27296867	789	794	child	T100	C0008059
27296867	795	811	health providers	T097	C0018724
27296867	837	843	father	T099	C0015671
27296867	844	855	involvement	T169	C1314939

27296942|t|Prediction of Clinically Significant Bleeding Following Wide-Field Endoscopic Resection of Large Sessile and Laterally Spreading Colorectal Lesions: A Clinical Risk Score
27296942|a|Clinically significant bleeding (CSPEB) is the most frequent adverse event following wide-field endoscopic mucosal resection (WF-EMR) of large sessile and laterally spreading colorectal lesions (LSL). There is limited knowledge regarding accurate prediction of CSPEB. We aimed to derive a score to predict the risk of CSPEB. Data on patient and lesion characteristics and outcomes from WF-EMRs of LSL ≥20 mm at 8 referral hospitals were analyzed. The cohort was divided at random into equal sized training and test groups. Independent predictors of CSPEB in the training cohort were identified by multiple logistic regression analysis and used to develop a risk score. The performance of this score was assessed in the independent test cohort. Over 80 months to June 2015, 2,128 patients with 2,424 LSL were referred for WF-EMR. Two thousand and twelve patients were eligible for analysis. There were 135 cases of CSPEB (6.7%). In the training cohort of 1,006 patients, the independent predictors of CSPEB were lesion size >30 mm (odds ratio (OR) 2.5), proximal colonic location (OR 2.3), presence of a major comorbidity (OR 1.5), and epinephrine in injection solution (OR 0.57). The derived risk score comprised lesion size >30 mm (2 points), proximal colon (2 points), presence of major comorbidity (1 point), and absence of epinephrine use (1 point). The probabilities of CSPEB for scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 in the training cohort were 1.5, 2.0, 5.6, 7.8, 9.1, and 17.5% and were 0.9, 6.7, 4.9, 6.2, 9.0, and 15.7% in the test cohort. The probabilities of CSPEB in those with low (score 0-1), medium (score 2-4), and elevated (score 5-6) risk levels were 1.7, 7.1, and 17.5% in the training cohort and 3.4, 6.2, and 15.7% in the cohort. Patients at elevated risk of CSPEB can be identified using four readily available variables. This knowledge may improve the management of those undergoing WF-EMR and assist in designing studies evaluating CSPEB.
27296942	0	10	Prediction	T078	C0681842
27296942	14	45	Clinically Significant Bleeding	T046	C0019080
27296942	56	87	Wide-Field Endoscopic Resection	T061	C1700928
27296942	91	96	Large	T081	C0549177
27296942	97	104	Sessile	T080	C0205348
27296942	109	118	Laterally	T082	C0205093
27296942	119	128	Spreading	T080	C0332261
27296942	129	147	Colorectal Lesions	T033	C4062636
27296942	151	159	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27296942	160	164	Risk	T078	C0035647
27296942	165	170	Score	T081	C0449820
27296942	171	202	Clinically significant bleeding	T046	C0019080
27296942	204	209	CSPEB	T046	C0019080
27296942	223	231	frequent	T079	C0332183
27296942	232	245	adverse event	T046	C0877248
27296942	256	295	wide-field endoscopic mucosal resection	T061	C1700928
27296942	297	303	WF-EMR	T061	C1700928
27296942	308	313	large	T081	C0549177
27296942	314	321	sessile	T080	C0205348
27296942	326	335	laterally	T082	C0205093
27296942	336	345	spreading	T080	C0332261
27296942	346	364	colorectal lesions	T033	C4062636
27296942	366	369	LSL	T033	C4062636
27296942	409	417	accurate	T080	C0443131
27296942	418	428	prediction	T078	C0681842
27296942	432	437	CSPEB	T046	C0019080
27296942	460	465	score	T081	C0449820
27296942	481	485	risk	T078	C0035647
27296942	489	494	CSPEB	T046	C0019080
27296942	496	500	Data	T078	C1511726
27296942	504	511	patient	T101	C0030705
27296942	516	522	lesion	T033	C0221198
27296942	523	538	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27296942	543	551	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27296942	557	564	WF-EMRs	T061	C1700928
27296942	568	571	LSL	T033	C4062636
27296942	584	602	referral hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27296942	608	616	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27296942	622	628	cohort	T098	C0599755
27296942	644	650	random	T080	C0439605
27296942	656	667	equal sized	T080	C0205163
27296942	668	692	training and test groups	T078	C0441833
27296942	694	705	Independent	T078	C0085862
27296942	706	716	predictors	T078	C2698872
27296942	720	725	CSPEB	T046	C0019080
27296942	733	748	training cohort	T098	C0599755
27296942	754	764	identified	T080	C0205396
27296942	768	805	multiple logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27296942	828	832	risk	T078	C0035647
27296942	833	838	score	T081	C0449820
27296942	864	869	score	T081	C0449820
27296942	874	882	assessed	T052	C1516048
27296942	890	901	independent	T078	C0085862
27296942	902	913	test cohort	T098	C0599755
27296942	923	929	months	T079	C0439231
27296942	933	937	June	T079	C3829443
27296942	950	958	patients	T101	C0030705
27296942	970	973	LSL	T033	C4062636
27296942	992	998	WF-EMR	T061	C1700928
27296942	1024	1032	patients	T101	C0030705
27296942	1051	1059	analysis	T062	C0936012
27296942	1076	1081	cases	T077	C1706256
27296942	1085	1090	CSPEB	T046	C0019080
27296942	1106	1121	training cohort	T098	C0599755
27296942	1131	1139	patients	T101	C0030705
27296942	1145	1156	independent	T078	C0085862
27296942	1157	1167	predictors	T078	C2698872
27296942	1171	1176	CSPEB	T046	C0019080
27296942	1182	1193	lesion size	T082	C0449453
27296942	1202	1212	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27296942	1214	1216	OR	T081	C0028873
27296942	1224	1232	proximal	T082	C0205107
27296942	1233	1249	colonic location	T082	C0450429
27296942	1251	1253	OR	T081	C0028873
27296942	1260	1268	presence	T080	C3854307
27296942	1274	1279	major	T080	C0205164
27296942	1280	1291	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27296942	1293	1295	OR	T081	C0028873
27296942	1306	1317	epinephrine	T109,T121,T125	C0014563
27296942	1321	1339	injection solution	T122	C0991511
27296942	1341	1343	OR	T081	C0028873
27296942	1363	1367	risk	T078	C0035647
27296942	1368	1373	score	T081	C0449820
27296942	1384	1395	lesion size	T082	C0449453
27296942	1415	1423	proximal	T082	C0205107
27296942	1424	1429	colon	T023	C1281569
27296942	1442	1450	presence	T080	C3854307
27296942	1454	1459	major	T080	C0205164
27296942	1460	1471	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27296942	1487	1494	absence	T169	C0332197
27296942	1498	1509	epinephrine	T109,T121,T125	C0014563
27296942	1510	1513	use	T169	C0457083
27296942	1529	1542	probabilities	T081	C0033204
27296942	1546	1551	CSPEB	T046	C0019080
27296942	1556	1562	scores	T081	C0449820
27296942	1595	1610	training cohort	T098	C0599755
27296942	1702	1713	test cohort	T098	C0599755
27296942	1719	1732	probabilities	T081	C0033204
27296942	1736	1741	CSPEB	T046	C0019080
27296942	1756	1759	low	T080	C0205251
27296942	1761	1766	score	T081	C0449820
27296942	1773	1779	medium	T081	C0439536
27296942	1781	1786	score	T081	C0449820
27296942	1797	1805	elevated	T080	C3163633
27296942	1807	1812	score	T081	C0449820
27296942	1818	1829	risk levels	T033	C2923839
27296942	1862	1877	training cohort	T098	C0599755
27296942	1909	1915	cohort	T098	C0599755
27296942	1917	1925	Patients	T101	C0030705
27296942	1929	1937	elevated	T080	C3163633
27296942	1938	1942	risk	T078	C0035647
27296942	1946	1951	CSPEB	T046	C0019080
27296942	1959	1969	identified	T080	C0205396
27296942	1999	2008	variables	T080	C0439828
27296942	2041	2051	management	T058	C0376636
27296942	2072	2078	WF-EMR	T061	C1700928
27296942	2093	2110	designing studies	T062	C0035171
27296942	2111	2121	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27296942	2122	2127	CSPEB	T046	C0019080

27297523|t|A case of bilateral pneumothoraces resulting from tracheostomy for advanced laryngeal cancer
27297523|a|Pneumothorax is a possible complication of tracheostomy. We report a rare case of bilateral pneumothoraces resulting from tracheostomy in an advanced laryngeal cancer patient. A 59-year-old man was referred to our clinic for evaluation and treatment of laryngeal tumor. Laryngeal endoscopy showed limited movement of bilateral vocal cords, and computed tomography revealed a tumor lesion extending from the vocal cords to the subglottic area. Three days after the first visit, the patient developed respiratory difficulty, and we elected to perform emergency tracheostomy for airway management. Immediately after the start of the procedure, he began hyperventilating, and complained of respiratory discomfort and chest pain. We then recognized a mediastinal air leak, and we suspected pneumothorax resulting from the tracheostomy. Chest X-ray showed bilateral pneumothoraces; therefore, we inserted bilateral chest drainage tubes, which stabilized his respiratory condition. We speculated that the pathogenesis of the bilateral pneumothoraces was weakened alveolar walls secondary to long-term smoking, and a significant rise in airway pressure because of airway constriction by the neck-extended position and hyperventilation, during tracheostomy.
27297523	2	6	case	T077	C1706256
27297523	10	19	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27297523	20	34	pneumothoraces	T047	C0032326
27297523	50	62	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
27297523	67	75	advanced	UnknownType	C0679246
27297523	76	92	laryngeal cancer	T191	C0007107
27297523	93	105	Pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27297523	120	132	complication	T046	C0009566
27297523	136	148	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
27297523	153	159	report	T058	C0700287
27297523	175	184	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27297523	185	199	pneumothoraces	T047	C0032326
27297523	215	227	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
27297523	234	242	advanced	UnknownType	C0679246
27297523	243	259	laryngeal cancer	T191	C0007107
27297523	260	267	patient	T101	C0030705
27297523	283	286	man	T032	C0086582
27297523	307	313	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27297523	318	328	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27297523	333	342	treatment	T061	C0087111
27297523	346	361	laryngeal tumor	T191	C0023055
27297523	363	382	Laryngeal endoscopy	T060	C0023072
27297523	390	406	limited movement	T033	C0243095
27297523	410	431	bilateral vocal cords	T023	C0459363
27297523	437	456	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27297523	468	473	tumor	T191	C0027651
27297523	474	480	lesion	T033	C0221198
27297523	500	511	vocal cords	T023	C0042930
27297523	519	534	subglottic area	T023	C0456475
27297523	542	546	days	T079	C0439228
27297523	557	568	first visit	T033	C4287881
27297523	574	581	patient	T101	C0030705
27297523	592	614	respiratory difficulty	T184	C0013404
27297523	642	664	emergency tracheostomy	T061	C0498305
27297523	669	686	airway management	T061	C0150126
27297523	723	732	procedure	T061	C0543467
27297523	743	759	hyperventilating	T033	C0020578
27297523	779	801	respiratory discomfort	T033	C4062414
27297523	806	816	chest pain	T184	C0008031
27297523	839	850	mediastinal	T029	C0025066
27297523	851	859	air leak	T047	C2242512
27297523	868	877	suspected	T080	C0332147
27297523	878	890	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27297523	910	922	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
27297523	924	935	Chest X-ray	T060	C0039985
27297523	943	952	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27297523	953	967	pneumothoraces	T047	C0032326
27297523	983	991	inserted	T058	C0441587
27297523	992	1001	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27297523	1002	1007	chest	T029	C0817096
27297523	1008	1022	drainage tubes	T074	C0184114
27297523	1030	1040	stabilized	T033	C0184512
27297523	1045	1066	respiratory condition	T033	C4062804
27297523	1091	1103	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27297523	1111	1120	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27297523	1121	1135	pneumothoraces	T047	C0032326
27297523	1140	1148	weakened	T080	C1762617
27297523	1149	1163	alveolar walls	T023	C0225695
27297523	1177	1186	long-term	T079	C0443252
27297523	1187	1194	smoking	T055	C0037369
27297523	1214	1218	rise	T169	C0442805
27297523	1222	1237	airway pressure	T201	C0428719
27297523	1249	1268	airway constriction	T184	C0231818
27297523	1276	1298	neck-extended position	T082	C0577754
27297523	1303	1319	hyperventilation	T033	C0020578
27297523	1328	1340	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590

27297608|t|Therapeutic Review of Methylprednisolone Acetate Intra-Articular Injection in the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Knee - Part 1: Clinical Effectiveness
27297608|a|Intra-articular (IA) corticosteroid injections are a common approach in the management of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The effectiveness of injections and particular injection products is often discussed and debated in clinical arenas. The following therapeutic review examines the evidence for intra-articular methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injections in the management of OA knee. A review of research evidence, published guidelines and clinical literature was undertaken following an electronic database and relevant literature search. The review found that there is limited evidence which indicates that a single dose intra-articular MPA injection can provide short to medium term benefits for pain, with less evidence for beneficial effects on function or stiffness. There is heterogeneity across studies and until recently, most studies had only short to medium term follow-up periods, thus limiting the evidence available on longer term benefit. There was also evidence indicating equivalent overall efficacy of MPA to that of other corticosteroid products. Most guideline recommendations concerning IA injections for OA knee have drawn on evidence from pooled data for several corticosteroid products. The review also found there was limited reporting of the incidence of adverse events in most studies. Overall, MPA shows efficacy for symptom relief in OA knee. At an individual management level, evidence for a limited duration of effect needs consideration in injections decisions. Furthermore, consensus across clinical guidelines suggests that the management of OA knee should be individualized to a person 's clinical history, degree of disability, risk factors, quality of life and personal preferences, whereby injecting involves a shared decision and forms part of a multimodal approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
27297608	0	11	Therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27297608	12	18	Review	T170	C0282443
27297608	22	74	Methylprednisolone Acetate Intra-Articular Injection	T121	C0309470
27297608	82	92	Management	T058	C0376636
27297608	96	122	Osteoarthritis of the Knee	T047	C0409959
27297608	133	155	Clinical Effectiveness	T080	C3850123
27297608	156	202	Intra-articular (IA) corticosteroid injections	T061	C2064783
27297608	216	224	approach	T082	C0449445
27297608	232	242	management	T058	C0376636
27297608	246	277	osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee	T047	C0409959
27297608	283	296	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27297608	300	310	injections	T122	C1272883
27297608	326	335	injection	T122	C1272883
27297608	336	344	products	T071	C1514468
27297608	379	394	clinical arenas	T201	C0683325
27297608	410	421	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27297608	422	428	review	T170	C0282443
27297608	442	450	evidence	T169	C0332120
27297608	455	470	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
27297608	471	514	methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injections	T121	C0309470
27297608	522	532	management	T058	C0376636
27297608	536	543	OA knee	T047	C0409959
27297608	547	553	review	T170	C0282443
27297608	566	574	evidence	T169	C0332120
27297608	576	596	published guidelines	T170	C0936005
27297608	601	609	clinical	T080	C0205210
27297608	610	620	literature	T170	C0023866
27297608	649	668	electronic database	T170	C3841595
27297608	673	681	relevant	T080	C2347946
27297608	682	692	literature	T170	C0023866
27297608	693	699	search	T052	C1706202
27297608	705	711	review	T170	C0282443
27297608	740	748	evidence	T169	C0332120
27297608	772	783	single dose	T081	C0178602
27297608	784	799	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
27297608	800	813	MPA injection	T121	C0309470
27297608	847	855	benefits	T081	C0086387
27297608	860	864	pain	T184	C0030193
27297608	876	884	evidence	T169	C0332120
27297608	889	907	beneficial effects	T081	C0086387
27297608	911	919	function	T042	C1535551
27297608	923	932	stiffness	T184	C0162298
27297608	943	956	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27297608	1035	1052	follow-up periods	T058	C1522577
27297608	1072	1080	evidence	T169	C0332120
27297608	1106	1113	benefit	T081	C0086387
27297608	1130	1138	evidence	T169	C0332120
27297608	1169	1177	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27297608	1181	1184	MPA	T109,T121	C0600901
27297608	1202	1225	corticosteroid products	T109,T121,T125	C0443077
27297608	1232	1257	guideline recommendations	T170	C0681471
27297608	1269	1282	IA injections	T061	C0021488
27297608	1287	1294	OA knee	T047	C0409959
27297608	1309	1317	evidence	T169	C0332120
27297608	1347	1370	corticosteroid products	T109,T121,T125	C0443077
27297608	1376	1382	review	T170	C0282443
27297608	1429	1438	incidence	T081	C0021149
27297608	1442	1456	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27297608	1483	1486	MPA	T109,T121	C0600901
27297608	1493	1501	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27297608	1506	1513	symptom	T184	C1457887
27297608	1514	1520	relief	T061	C0451615
27297608	1524	1531	OA knee	T047	C0409959
27297608	1539	1549	individual	T098	C0237401
27297608	1550	1560	management	T058	C0376636
27297608	1561	1566	level	T080	C0441889
27297608	1568	1576	evidence	T169	C0332120
27297608	1633	1643	injections	T122	C1272883
27297608	1685	1704	clinical guidelines	T170	C0282451
27297608	1723	1733	management	T058	C0376636
27297608	1737	1744	OA knee	T047	C0409959
27297608	1755	1769	individualized	T080	C1881197
27297608	1775	1781	person	T098	C0237401
27297608	1785	1801	clinical history	T201	C1274016
27297608	1803	1809	degree	T081	C0449286
27297608	1813	1823	disability	T033	C0231170
27297608	1825	1837	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27297608	1839	1854	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27297608	1859	1879	personal preferences	T033	C1822123
27297608	1946	1965	multimodal approach	T061	C0871821

27297967|t|Arsenic Triglutathione [As(GS)3] Transport by Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (MRP1 / ABCC1) Is Selectively Modified by Phosphorylation of Tyr920/Ser921 and Glycosylation of Asn19/Asn23
27297967|a|The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1 / ABCC1) is responsible for the cellular export of a chemically diverse array of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. Arsenic, a human carcinogen, is a high-affinity MRP1 substrate as arsenic triglutathione [As(GS)3]. In this study, marked differences in As(GS)3 transport kinetics were observed between MRP1 -enriched membrane vesicles prepared from human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK) (Km 3.8 µM and Vmax 307 pmol/mg per minute) and HeLa (Km 0.32 µM and Vmax 42 pmol/mg per minute) cells. Mutant MRP1 lacking N-linked glycosylation [Asn19/23/1006Gln; sugar-free (SF)-MRP1] expressed in either HEK293 or HeLa cells had low Km and Vmax values for As(GS)3, similar to HeLa wild-type (WT) MRP1. When prepared in the presence of phosphatase inhibitors, both WT- and SF-MRP1 -enriched membrane vesicles had a high Km value for As(GS)3 (3-6 µM), regardless of the cell line. Kinetic parameters of As(GS)3 for HEK - Asn19/23Gln-MRP1 were similar to those of HeLa / HEK - SF-MRP1 and HeLa-WT - MRP1, whereas those of single glycosylation mutants were like those of HEK-WT -MRP1. Mutation of 19 potential MRP1 phosphorylation sites revealed that HEK - Tyr920Phe/Ser921Ala-MRP1 transported As(GS)3 like HeLa-WT - MRP1, whereas individual HEK - Tyr920Phe- and - Ser921Ala-MRP1 mutants were similar to HEK-WT - MRP1. Together, these results suggest that Asn19/Asn23 glycosylation and Tyr920/Ser921 phosphorylation are responsible for altering the kinetics of MRP1 -mediated As(GS)3 transport. The kinetics of As(GS)3 transport by HEK - Asn19/23Gln/Tyr920Glu/Ser921Glu were similar to HEK-WT - MRP1, indicating that the phosphorylation -mimicking substitutions abrogated the influence of Asn19/23Gln glycosylation. Overall, these data suggest that cross-talk between MRP1 glycosylation and phosphorylation occurs and that phosphorylation of Tyr920 and Ser921 can switch MRP1 to a lower-affinity, higher-capacity As(GS)3 transporter, allowing arsenic detoxification over a broad concentration range.
27297967	0	22	Arsenic Triglutathione	T116	C0596621
27297967	24	31	As(GS)3	T116	C0596621
27297967	33	42	Transport	T043	C0005528
27297967	46	76	Multidrug Resistance Protein 1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	78	82	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	85	90	ABCC1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	107	115	Modified	T169	C0392747
27297967	119	134	Phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27297967	138	151	Tyr920/Ser921	T087	C0002518
27297967	156	169	Glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27297967	173	184	Asn19/Asn23	T087	C0002518
27297967	189	227	ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter	T116,T123	C0242738
27297967	228	258	multidrug resistance protein 1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	260	264	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	267	272	ABCC1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	297	305	cellular	T025	C0007634
27297967	306	312	export	T067	C0699789
27297967	329	336	diverse	T080	C1880371
27297967	337	342	array	T082	C1510941
27297967	346	357	xenobiotics	T123,T131	C0043335
27297967	362	372	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27297967	373	382	compounds	T167	C0439861
27297967	384	391	Arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27297967	395	400	human	T016	C0086418
27297967	401	411	carcinogen	T131	C0007090
27297967	418	431	high-affinity	T080	C0205556
27297967	432	436	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	437	446	substrate	T167	C3891814
27297967	450	472	arsenic triglutathione	T116	C0596621
27297967	474	481	As(GS)3	T116	C0596621
27297967	521	528	As(GS)3	T116	C0596621
27297967	529	538	transport	T043	C0005528
27297967	539	547	kinetics	T090	C2825046
27297967	570	574	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	585	593	membrane	T026	C0596901
27297967	594	602	vesicles	T026	C1622418
27297967	603	611	prepared	T052	C1521827
27297967	617	622	human	T016	C0086418
27297967	623	632	embryonic	T018	C0013935
27297967	633	639	kidney	T023	C0022646
27297967	640	649	293 (HEK)	T025	C2936239
27297967	651	653	Km	T081	C1706312
27297967	665	669	Vmax	T067	C1710637
27297967	698	702	HeLa	T025	C0018873
27297967	704	706	Km	T081	C1706312
27297967	719	723	Vmax	T067	C1710637
27297967	747	752	cells	T025	C0007634
27297967	754	760	Mutant	T116	C1564139
27297967	761	765	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	783	796	glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27297967	798	814	Asn19/23/1006Gln	T087	C0002518
27297967	827	836	(SF)-MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	838	847	expressed	T045	C1171362
27297967	858	864	HEK293	T025	C2936239
27297967	868	878	HeLa cells	T025	C0018873
27297967	887	889	Km	T081	C1706312
27297967	894	898	Vmax	T067	C1710637
27297967	910	917	As(GS)3	T116	C0596621
27297967	919	926	similar	T080	C2348205
27297967	930	944	HeLa wild-type	T025	C0018873
27297967	950	954	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	961	969	prepared	T052	C1521827
27297967	977	985	presence	T033	C0150312
27297967	989	1011	phosphatase inhibitors	T121	C0597217
27297967	1018	1021	WT-	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1026	1033	SF-MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1044	1052	membrane	T026	C0596901
27297967	1053	1061	vesicles	T026	C1622418
27297967	1073	1075	Km	T081	C1706312
27297967	1086	1093	As(GS)3	T116	C0596621
27297967	1122	1131	cell line	T025	C0682523
27297967	1133	1151	Kinetic parameters	T033	C0449381
27297967	1155	1162	As(GS)3	T116	C0596621
27297967	1167	1170	HEK	T025	C2936239
27297967	1173	1189	Asn19/23Gln-MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1195	1202	similar	T080	C2348205
27297967	1215	1219	HeLa	T025	C0018873
27297967	1222	1225	HEK	T025	C2936239
27297967	1228	1235	SF-MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1240	1247	HeLa-WT	T025	C0018873
27297967	1250	1254	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1273	1279	single	T081	C0205171
27297967	1280	1293	glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27297967	1294	1301	mutants	T116	C1564139
27297967	1321	1327	HEK-WT	T025	C2936239
27297967	1335	1343	Mutation	T045	C0026882
27297967	1350	1359	potential	T080	C3245505
27297967	1365	1380	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27297967	1381	1386	sites	T082	C0205145
27297967	1401	1404	HEK	T025	C2936239
27297967	1407	1431	Tyr920Phe/Ser921Ala-MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1432	1443	transported	T043	C0005528
27297967	1444	1451	As(GS)3	T116	C0596621
27297967	1457	1464	HeLa-WT	T025	C0018873
27297967	1467	1471	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1492	1495	HEK	T025	C2936239
27297967	1498	1508	Tyr920Phe-	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1515	1529	Ser921Ala-MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1530	1537	mutants	T116	C1564139
27297967	1543	1550	similar	T080	C2348205
27297967	1554	1560	HEK-WT	T025	C2936239
27297967	1563	1567	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1585	1592	results	T033	C0683954
27297967	1606	1617	Asn19/Asn23	T087	C0002518
27297967	1618	1631	glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27297967	1636	1649	Tyr920/Ser921	T087	C0002518
27297967	1650	1665	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27297967	1686	1694	altering	T169	C0392747
27297967	1699	1707	kinetics	T090	C2825046
27297967	1711	1715	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1726	1733	As(GS)3	T116	C0596621
27297967	1734	1743	transport	T043	C0005528
27297967	1749	1757	kinetics	T090	C2825046
27297967	1761	1768	As(GS)3	T116	C0596621
27297967	1769	1778	transport	T043	C0005528
27297967	1782	1785	HEK	T025	C2936239
27297967	1788	1819	Asn19/23Gln/Tyr920Glu/Ser921Glu	T087	C0002518
27297967	1825	1832	similar	T080	C2348205
27297967	1836	1842	HEK-WT	T025	C2936239
27297967	1845	1849	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	1871	1886	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27297967	1926	1935	influence	T077	C4054723
27297967	1939	1950	Asn19/23Gln	T087	C0002518
27297967	1951	1964	glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27297967	2018	2022	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	2023	2036	glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27297967	2041	2056	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27297967	2073	2088	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27297967	2092	2098	Tyr920	T087	C0002518
27297967	2103	2109	Ser921	T087	C0002518
27297967	2121	2125	MRP1	T116,T123	C1451297
27297967	2131	2145	lower-affinity	T080	C0205556
27297967	2147	2162	higher-capacity	T080	C0205556
27297967	2163	2170	As(GS)3	T116	C0596621
27297967	2171	2182	transporter	T116,T123	C0596902
27297967	2193	2200	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27297967	2201	2215	detoxification	T043	C4235382
27297967	2223	2228	broad	T082	C0332464
27297967	2229	2242	concentration	T081	C1446561
27297967	2243	2248	range	T081	C1514721

27298004|t|Twelve ways to confirm targets of activity-based probes in plants
27298004|a|Activity-based probes are powerful tools to interrogate the functional proteome. Their covalent and often irreversible labeling of proteins facilitates the purification, identification and quantification of labeled proteins. However, the detection of labeled proteins often requires a confirmation, especially when unexpected proteins are identified, or to unravel fluorescent activity profiles. Here, we review twelve approaches towards target confirmation, grouped in approaches by direct target detection, target expression or target depletion. We discuss their proper use and limitations and illustrate these approaches with examples from plant science.
27298004	15	22	confirm	T080	C1456348
27298004	23	30	targets	T169	C1521840
27298004	34	55	activity-based probes	T120	C2347609
27298004	59	65	plants	T002	C0032098
27298004	66	87	Activity-based probes	T120	C2347609
27298004	137	145	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
27298004	153	161	covalent	T044	C1511539
27298004	172	193	irreversible labeling	T059	C0022885
27298004	197	205	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27298004	222	234	purification	T059	C0597301
27298004	236	250	identification	T063	C1514534
27298004	255	269	quantification	T081	C1709793
27298004	273	280	labeled	T130	C1522485
27298004	281	289	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27298004	304	313	detection	T063	C1514534
27298004	317	324	labeled	T130	C1522485
27298004	325	333	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27298004	351	363	confirmation	T033	C0750484
27298004	381	391	unexpected	T033	C3844817
27298004	392	400	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27298004	405	415	identified	T080	C0205396
27298004	431	451	fluorescent activity	T070	C0016315
27298004	504	510	target	T169	C1521840
27298004	557	563	target	T169	C1521840
27298004	564	573	detection	T033	C0442726
27298004	575	581	target	T169	C1521840
27298004	582	592	expression	T045	C1171362
27298004	596	602	target	T169	C1521840
27298004	603	612	depletion	T169	C0333668
27298004	638	641	use	T169	C0457083
27298004	646	657	limitations	T169	C0449295
27298004	709	722	plant science	T090	C0006038

27298278|t|Naphthohydroquinones, naphthoquinones, anthraquinones, and a naphthohydroquinone dimer isolated from the aerial parts of Morinda parvifolia and their cytotoxic effects through up-regulation of p53
27298278|a|Five unknown compounds, morindaparvins C-G, consisting of naphthohydroquinones, a naphthoquinone, an anthraquinone, and a naphthohydroquinone dimer, together with three known quinones and seven other known compounds, were isolated from the aerial parts of Morinda parvifolia. The structures of morindaparvins C, D, E, F, and G were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic or X-ray diffraction analysis as methyl 4-hydroxy-1,6-dimethoxy-naphthalene-2-carboxylate, methyl 4,8-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-naphthalene-2-carboxylate, 3-amino-6-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,4-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone, and dimethyl 1,1'-dihydroxy-4,4',7,7'-tetramethoxy-2,2'-binaphthalene-3,3'-dicarboxylate, respectively. Naphthoquinones and naphthohydroquinone dimers were previously unknown in the genus Morinda. In addition, the compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines HeLa, A2780, Ketr3 and MCF-7 and their effects on p53 - activated transcription. Three naphthoquinones had moderate cytotoxic effects with IC50 values ranging from 1.51 to 9.56 μM, through up-regulation of p53 transcriptional activity.
27298278	0	20	Naphthohydroquinones	T121	C1254351
27298278	22	37	naphthoquinones	T109	C0027388
27298278	39	53	anthraquinones	T109,T121	C0003174
27298278	61	80	naphthohydroquinone	T121	C1254351
27298278	81	86	dimer	T104	C0596448
27298278	87	95	isolated	T169	C0205409
27298278	105	117	aerial parts	T002	C1136056
27298278	121	139	Morinda parvifolia	T002	C1474894
27298278	150	167	cytotoxic effects	T049	C0596402
27298278	176	189	up-regulation	T045	C0162493
27298278	193	196	p53	T028	C0079419
27298278	202	209	unknown	T080	C0439673
27298278	210	219	compounds	T121	C1254351
27298278	221	239	morindaparvins C-G	T121	C1254351
27298278	255	275	naphthohydroquinones	T121	C1254351
27298278	279	293	naphthoquinone	T109	C0027388
27298278	298	311	anthraquinone	T109,T121	C0003174
27298278	319	338	naphthohydroquinone	T121	C1254351
27298278	339	344	dimer	T104	C0596448
27298278	372	380	quinones	T109	C0034435
27298278	403	412	compounds	T121	C1254351
27298278	419	427	isolated	T169	C0205409
27298278	437	449	aerial parts	T002	C1136056
27298278	453	471	Morinda parvifolia	T002	C1474894
27298278	491	507	morindaparvins C	T121	C1254351
27298278	509	510	D	T121	C1254351
27298278	512	513	E	T121	C1254351
27298278	515	516	F	T121	C1254351
27298278	522	523	G	T121	C1254351
27298278	556	569	spectroscopic	T059	C0037812
27298278	573	599	X-ray diffraction analysis	T059	C0599643
27298278	603	659	methyl 4-hydroxy-1,6-dimethoxy-naphthalene-2-carboxylate	T121	C1254351
27298278	661	717	methyl 4,8-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-naphthalene-2-carboxylate	T121	C1254351
27298278	719	773	3-amino-6-methoxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-1,4-naphthoquinone	T121	C1254351
27298278	775	818	1,4-dihydroxy-7-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone	T121	C1254351
27298278	824	908	dimethyl 1,1'-dihydroxy-4,4',7,7'-tetramethoxy-2,2'-binaphthalene-3,3'-dicarboxylate	T121	C1254351
27298278	924	939	Naphthoquinones	T109	C0027388
27298278	944	963	naphthohydroquinone	T121	C1254351
27298278	964	970	dimers	T104	C0596448
27298278	987	994	unknown	T080	C0439673
27298278	1002	1007	genus	T185	C1708235
27298278	1008	1015	Morinda	T002	C1010821
27298278	1034	1043	compounds	T121	C1254351
27298278	1049	1055	tested	T169	C0039593
27298278	1060	1072	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27298278	1086	1091	human	T016	C0086418
27298278	1092	1109	cancer cell lines	T025	C0085983
27298278	1110	1114	HeLa	T025	C0018873
27298278	1116	1121	A2780	T025	C0085983
27298278	1123	1128	Ketr3	T025	C0085983
27298278	1133	1138	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
27298278	1149	1156	effects	T080	C1280500
27298278	1160	1163	p53	T028	C0079419
27298278	1166	1175	activated	T052	C1879547
27298278	1176	1189	transcription	T045	C0040649
27298278	1197	1212	naphthoquinones	T109	C0027388
27298278	1217	1225	moderate	T080	C1881878
27298278	1226	1243	cytotoxic effects	T049	C0596402
27298278	1249	1253	IC50	T081	C0600495
27298278	1261	1268	ranging	T081	C1514721
27298278	1299	1312	up-regulation	T045	C0162493
27298278	1316	1319	p53	T028	C0079419
27298278	1320	1344	transcriptional activity	T045	C0162493

27298653|t|Common and Uncommon Anatomical Variants of Intrahepatic Bile Ducts in Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography and its Clinical Implication
27298653|a|Preoperative knowledge of intrahepatic bile duct (IHD) anatomy is critical for planning liver resections, liver transplantations and complex biliary reconstructive surgery. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the imaging features of various anatomical variants of IHD using magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) and their prevalence in our population. This observational clinical evaluation study included 224 patients who were referred for MRCP. MRCP was performed in a 1.5-Tesla magnet (Philips) with SSH MRCP 3DHR and SSHMRCP rad protocol. A senior radiologist assessed the biliary passage for anatomical variations. The branching pattern of the right hepatic duct (RHD) was typical in 55.3% of subjects. The most common variant was right posterior sectoral duct (RPSD) draining into the left hepatic duct (LHD) in 27.6% of subjects. Trifurcation pattern was noted in 9.3% of subjects. In 4% of subjects, RPSD was draining into the common hepatic duct (CHD) and in 0.8% of subjects into the cystic duct. Other variants were noted in 2.6% of subjects. In 4.9% of cases there was an accessory duct. The most common type of LHD branching pattern was a common trunk of segment 2 and 3 ducts joining the segment 4 duct in 67.8% of subjects. In 23.2% of subjects, segment 2 duct united with the common trunk of segment 3 and 4 and in 3.4% of subjects segment 2, 3, and 4 ducts united together to form LHD. Other uncommon branching patterns of LHD were seen in 4.9% of subjects. Intrahepatic bile duct anatomy is complex with many common and uncommon variations. MRCP is a reliable non-invasive imaging method for demonstration of bile duct morpholog y, which is useful to plan complex surgeries and to prevent iatrogenic injuries.
27298653	20	39	Anatomical Variants	T023	C0922960
27298653	43	66	Intrahepatic Bile Ducts	T023	C0005401
27298653	70	113	Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography	T060	C0994163
27298653	122	142	Clinical Implication	T033	C2826293
27298653	143	155	Preoperative	T079	C0445204
27298653	169	191	intrahepatic bile duct	T023	C0005401
27298653	193	196	IHD	T023	C0005401
27298653	198	205	anatomy	T017	C0700276
27298653	231	247	liver resections	T061	C0019144
27298653	249	271	liver transplantations	T061	C0023911
27298653	276	314	complex biliary reconstructive surgery	T061	C0524865
27298653	364	380	imaging features	T080	C2346469
27298653	392	411	anatomical variants	T023	C0922960
27298653	415	418	IHD	T023	C0005401
27298653	425	469	magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography	T060	C0994163
27298653	471	475	MRCP	T060	C0994163
27298653	505	515	population	T098	C1257890
27298653	536	555	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
27298653	575	583	patients	T101	C0030705
27298653	606	610	MRCP	T060	C0994163
27298653	612	616	MRCP	T060	C0994163
27298653	636	652	1.5-Tesla magnet	T074	C1706318
27298653	668	676	SSH MRCP	T060	C0994163
27298653	686	693	SSHMRCP	T060	C0994163
27298653	717	728	radiologist	T097	C0260194
27298653	729	737	assessed	T052	C1516048
27298653	742	749	biliary	T023	C0005400
27298653	750	757	passage	T082	C0439799
27298653	762	783	anatomical variations	T190	C1260954
27298653	789	806	branching pattern	T082	C0449774
27298653	814	832	right hepatic duct	T030	C0227557
27298653	834	837	RHD	T030	C0227557
27298653	863	871	subjects	T098	C0080105
27298653	889	896	variant	T023	C0922960
27298653	901	930	right posterior sectoral duct	T023	C0227559
27298653	932	936	RPSD	T023	C0227559
27298653	956	973	left hepatic duct	T023	C0227560
27298653	975	978	LHD	T023	C0227560
27298653	992	1000	subjects	T098	C0080105
27298653	1002	1022	Trifurcation pattern	T082	C0205384
27298653	1044	1052	subjects	T098	C0080105
27298653	1063	1071	subjects	T098	C0080105
27298653	1073	1077	RPSD	T023	C0227559
27298653	1100	1119	common hepatic duct	T023	C0019149
27298653	1121	1124	CHD	T023	C0019149
27298653	1141	1149	subjects	T098	C0080105
27298653	1159	1170	cystic duct	T023	C0010672
27298653	1178	1186	variants	T023	C0922960
27298653	1209	1217	subjects	T098	C0080105
27298653	1249	1263	accessory duct	T019	C1397963
27298653	1289	1292	LHD	T023	C0227560
27298653	1293	1310	branching pattern	T082	C0449774
27298653	1317	1340	common trunk of segment	T082	C0441635
27298653	1349	1354	ducts	T023	C0005400
27298653	1367	1374	segment	T082	C0441635
27298653	1377	1381	duct	T023	C0005400
27298653	1394	1402	subjects	T098	C0080105
27298653	1416	1424	subjects	T098	C0080105
27298653	1426	1433	segment	T082	C0441635
27298653	1436	1440	duct	T023	C0005400
27298653	1457	1480	common trunk of segment	T082	C0441635
27298653	1504	1512	subjects	T098	C0080105
27298653	1513	1520	segment	T082	C0441635
27298653	1533	1538	ducts	T023	C0005400
27298653	1563	1566	LHD	T023	C0227560
27298653	1583	1592	branching	T082	C0205384
27298653	1593	1601	patterns	T082	C0449774
27298653	1605	1608	LHD	T023	C0227560
27298653	1630	1638	subjects	T098	C0080105
27298653	1640	1662	Intrahepatic bile duct	T023	C0005401
27298653	1663	1670	anatomy	T017	C0700276
27298653	1674	1681	complex	T080	C0439855
27298653	1712	1722	variations	T080	C0205419
27298653	1724	1728	MRCP	T060	C0994163
27298653	1743	1755	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27298653	1756	1770	imaging method	T060	C0011923
27298653	1792	1801	bile duct	T023	C0005400
27298653	1802	1811	morpholog	T080	C0332437
27298653	1839	1846	complex	T080	C0439855
27298653	1847	1856	surgeries	T061	C0543467
27298653	1872	1891	iatrogenic injuries	T037	C0854404

27298741|t|Cortical Reorganization following Injury Early in Life
27298741|a|The brain has a remarkable capacity for reorganization following injury, especially during the first years of life. Knowledge of structural reorganization and its consequences following perinatal injury is sparse. Here we studied changes in brain tissue volume, morphology, perfusion, and integrity in children with hemiplegia compared to typically developing children, using MRI. Children with hemiplegia demonstrated reduced total cerebral volume, with increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and reduced total white matter volumes, with no differences in total gray matter volume, compared to typically developing children. An increase in cortical thickness at the hemisphere contralateral to the lesion (CLH) was detected in motor and language areas, which may reflect compensation for the gray matter loss in the lesion area or retention of ipsilateral pathways. In addition, reduced cortical thickness, perfusion, and surface area were detected in limbic areas. Increased CSF volume and precentral cortical thickness and reduced white matter volume were correlated with worse motor performance. Brain reorganization of the gray matter within the CLH, while not necessarily indicating better outcome, is suggested as a response to neuronal deficits following injury early in life.
27298741	0	8	Cortical	T023	C0007776
27298741	9	23	Reorganization	T078	C0680829
27298741	34	40	Injury	T037	C3263723
27298741	41	46	Early	T079	C1279919
27298741	50	54	Life	T078	C0376558
27298741	59	64	brain	T023	C0006104
27298741	82	90	capacity	T081	C1516240
27298741	95	109	reorganization	T078	C0680829
27298741	120	126	injury	T037	C3263723
27298741	156	161	years	T079	C0439234
27298741	165	169	life	T078	C0376558
27298741	184	209	structural reorganization	T078	C0680829
27298741	218	230	consequences	T169	C0686907
27298741	241	257	perinatal injury	T037	C2347482
27298741	296	308	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
27298741	309	315	volume	T081	C0449468
27298741	317	327	morphology	T080	C0332437
27298741	329	338	perfusion	T061	C0031001
27298741	344	353	integrity	T080	C1947912
27298741	357	365	children	T100	C0008059
27298741	371	381	hemiplegia	T184	C0018991
27298741	415	423	children	T100	C0008059
27298741	431	434	MRI	T060	C0024485
27298741	436	444	Children	T100	C0008059
27298741	450	460	hemiplegia	T184	C0018991
27298741	474	503	reduced total cerebral volume	T033	C4314627
27298741	510	539	increased cerebrospinal fluid	T033	C2747920
27298741	541	544	CSF	T031	C0007806
27298741	550	584	reduced total white matter volumes	T033	C3278845
27298741	591	605	no differences	T033	C3842396
27298741	609	614	total	T080	C0439810
27298741	615	626	gray matter	T024	C0018220
27298741	627	633	volume	T081	C0449468
27298741	668	676	children	T100	C0008059
27298741	681	689	increase	T169	C0442805
27298741	693	701	cortical	T023	C0007776
27298741	702	711	thickness	T080	C1280412
27298741	719	729	hemisphere	T023	C0228174
27298741	730	743	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27298741	751	757	lesion	T033	C0221198
27298741	759	762	CLH	T023	C0228174
27298741	768	776	detected	T033	C0442726
27298741	780	785	motor	T029	C0026607
27298741	790	804	language areas	T029	C3495412
27298741	845	856	gray matter	T024	C0018220
27298741	857	861	loss	T081	C1517945
27298741	869	875	lesion	T033	C0221198
27298741	876	880	area	T082	C0205146
27298741	897	908	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27298741	909	917	pathways	T023	C0815011
27298741	932	939	reduced	T080	C0392756
27298741	940	948	cortical	T023	C0007776
27298741	949	958	thickness	T080	C1280412
27298741	960	969	perfusion	T061	C0031001
27298741	975	987	surface area	T082	C1254362
27298741	993	1001	detected	T033	C0442726
27298741	1005	1011	limbic	T022	C0023715
27298741	1012	1017	areas	T029	C1273723
27298741	1019	1039	Increased CSF volume	T033	C2747920
27298741	1044	1063	precentral cortical	T023	C0228202
27298741	1064	1073	thickness	T080	C1280412
27298741	1078	1105	reduced white matter volume	T033	C3278845
27298741	1133	1150	motor performance	T040	C0870921
27298741	1152	1157	Brain	T023	C0006104
27298741	1158	1172	reorganization	T078	C0680829
27298741	1180	1191	gray matter	T024	C0018220
27298741	1203	1206	CLH	T023	C0228174
27298741	1248	1255	outcome	T169	C1274040
27298741	1287	1295	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27298741	1296	1304	deficits	T080	C2987487
27298741	1315	1321	injury	T037	C3263723
27298741	1322	1327	early	T079	C1279919
27298741	1331	1335	life	T078	C0376558

27299091|t|Simultaneous Bilateral Femur Neck Fracture in A Young Adult with Chronic Renal Failure - A Case Report and Review of Literature
27299091|a|Pathological bilateral femoral neck fracture due to renal osteodystrophy is rare. This is a report of a chronic renal failure patient who had sustained bilateral intra-capsular displaced fracture neck of femur following an episode of convulsion and the difficulties encountered in early diagnosis and treatment. The pathophysiology of renal osteodystrophy and the treatment of hip fractures in patients with renal failure are also discussed. A 23 years old male patient admitted with h/o dysuria, pyuria and loss of appetite since 3 months. He was a known case of chronic renal failure and reflux nephropathy. On investigating, patient's renal parameters were high and he was started with haemodialysis. The next day patient had c/o bilateral hip pain and inability to move bilateral lower limbs following an episode of seizure. Radiograph of pelvis showed vertical sub capital fractures of bilateral neck of femur. In this patient, considering his age, general condition & prognosis, an elective surgery in the form of bilateral uncemented modular bipolar hemiarthroplasty was done. Overall risk of hip fracture among patients with chronic renal failure is considerably higher than in the general population, independent of age and gender. Simultaneous spontaneous bilateral fractures of the femoral neck are rare and a delayed diagnosis is usual. The study of etiological factors of these fractures is essential to guide us in choosing the treatment of choice. Obviously patient's age, life expectancy as well as renal co morbidity has an influence over deciding treatment and outcome.
27299091	0	12	Simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27299091	13	22	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
27299091	23	42	Femur Neck Fracture	T037	C0015806
27299091	48	59	Young Adult	T100	C0238598
27299091	65	86	Chronic Renal Failure	T047	C0022661
27299091	91	102	Case Report	T170	C0085973
27299091	107	127	Review of Literature	T170	C0282441
27299091	128	140	Pathological	T169	C1521733
27299091	141	150	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27299091	151	172	femoral neck fracture	T037	C0015806
27299091	180	200	renal osteodystrophy	T047	C0035086
27299091	204	208	rare	T080	C0522498
27299091	220	226	report	T170	C0684224
27299091	232	253	chronic renal failure	T047	C0022661
27299091	254	261	patient	T101	C0030705
27299091	270	279	sustained	T169	C0443318
27299091	280	289	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27299091	290	304	intra-capsular	T082	C0205151
27299091	315	337	fracture neck of femur	T037	C0015806
27299091	351	361	episode of	T079	C0332189
27299091	362	372	convulsion	T184	C4048158
27299091	381	405	difficulties encountered	T058	C0422301
27299091	409	424	early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
27299091	429	438	treatment	T061	C0087111
27299091	444	459	pathophysiology	T046	C0277785
27299091	463	483	renal osteodystrophy	T047	C0035086
27299091	492	501	treatment	T061	C0087111
27299091	505	518	hip fractures	T037	C0019557
27299091	522	530	patients	T101	C0030705
27299091	536	549	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27299091	575	580	years	T079	C0439234
27299091	585	589	male	T032	C0086582
27299091	590	597	patient	T101	C0030705
27299091	612	623	h/o dysuria	T184	C0013428
27299091	625	631	pyuria	T033	C0034359
27299091	636	652	loss of appetite	T047	C0003123
27299091	661	667	months	T079	C0439231
27299091	692	713	chronic renal failure	T047	C0022661
27299091	718	736	reflux nephropathy	T047	C3495566
27299091	741	754	investigating	T169	C1292732
27299091	756	765	patient's	T101	C0030705
27299091	766	771	renal	T023	C0022646
27299091	772	782	parameters	T077	C0549193
27299091	788	792	high	T080	C0205250
27299091	804	811	started	T080	C1272689
27299091	817	830	haemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27299091	836	844	next day	T079	C0439228
27299091	845	852	patient	T101	C0030705
27299091	857	870	c/o bilateral	T082	C0238767
27299091	871	879	hip pain	T184	C0019559
27299091	884	901	inability to move	T033	C0558185
27299091	902	911	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27299091	912	923	lower limbs	T023	C0023216
27299091	937	947	episode of	T079	C0332189
27299091	948	955	seizure	T184	C0036572
27299091	957	977	Radiograph of pelvis	T060	C0412672
27299091	985	1015	vertical sub capital fractures	T037	C0559863
27299091	1019	1028	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27299091	1029	1042	neck of femur	T023	C0015815
27299091	1052	1059	patient	T101	C0030705
27299091	1077	1080	age	T032	C0001779
27299091	1082	1099	general condition	T033	C1142435
27299091	1102	1111	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27299091	1116	1132	elective surgery	T061	C0206058
27299091	1148	1157	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27299091	1158	1184	uncemented modular bipolar	T169	C0449913
27299091	1185	1201	hemiarthroplasty	T061	C0744743
27299091	1206	1210	done	T080	C1272695
27299091	1212	1224	Overall risk	T078	C0035647
27299091	1228	1240	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27299091	1247	1255	patients	T101	C0030705
27299091	1261	1282	chronic renal failure	T047	C0022661
27299091	1299	1305	higher	T080	C0205250
27299091	1318	1336	general population	T098	C0683971
27299091	1338	1352	independent of	T169	C0332291
27299091	1353	1356	age	T032	C0001779
27299091	1361	1367	gender	T032	C0079399
27299091	1369	1381	Simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27299091	1382	1393	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27299091	1394	1403	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27299091	1404	1433	fractures of the femoral neck	T037	C0015806
27299091	1438	1442	rare	T080	C0522498
27299091	1449	1466	delayed diagnosis	T080	C2718036
27299091	1470	1475	usual	T080	C3538928
27299091	1481	1486	study	T062	C2603343
27299091	1490	1509	etiological factors	T169	C0015127
27299091	1519	1528	fractures	T037	C0016658
27299091	1557	1565	choosing	T052	C1707391
27299091	1570	1579	treatment	T061	C0087111
27299091	1583	1589	choice	T055	C0008300
27299091	1601	1610	patient's	T101	C0030705
27299091	1611	1614	age	T032	C0001779
27299091	1616	1631	life expectancy	T102	C0023671
27299091	1649	1661	co morbidity	T078	C0009488
27299091	1669	1678	influence	T077	C4054723
27299091	1693	1702	treatment	T061	C0087111
27299091	1707	1714	outcome	T169	C1274040

27299182|t|Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial coumarins from the stems of Eurya chinensis
27299182|a|Two new coumarins, named (±)-euryacoumarin A (1) and 6-demethylobtusinin (2), and one new natural coumarin, named euryacoumarin B (3), along with two known compounds, scopoletin (4) and obtusinol (5), were isolated from the stems of Eurya chinensis. Their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with data reported in the literatures. Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibition of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 cells with IC50 value of 35.64 ± 1.73 μM, and showed marginal antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus with MIC values of 50.59 ± 2.12 and 35.42 ± 0.96 μM, respectively.
27299182	0	17	Anti-inflammatory	T121	C0003209
27299182	22	35	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
27299182	36	45	coumarins	T109,T121	C0010207
27299182	55	60	stems	T002	C0242767
27299182	64	79	Eurya chinensis	T002	C1050417
27299182	88	97	coumarins	T109,T121	C0010207
27299182	105	124	(±)-euryacoumarin A	T109,T121	C0010207
27299182	133	152	6-demethylobtusinin	T109,T121	C0010207
27299182	170	186	natural coumarin	T109,T121	C0010207
27299182	194	209	euryacoumarin B	T109,T121	C0010207
27299182	247	257	scopoletin	T109,T123	C0036447
27299182	266	275	obtusinol	T123	C0574031
27299182	286	294	isolated	T169	C0205409
27299182	304	309	stems	T002	C0242767
27299182	313	328	Eurya chinensis	T002	C1050417
27299182	336	346	structures	T082	C0678594
27299182	385	406	spectroscopic methods	T059	C0022885
27299182	411	421	comparison	T052	C1707455
27299182	427	431	data	T078	C1511726
27299182	448	459	literatures	T170	C0023866
27299182	461	471	Compound 1	T109,T121	C0010206
27299182	494	504	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27299182	508	548	LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production	T043	C0007613
27299182	552	566	RAW264.7 cells	T025	C4042840
27299182	572	576	IC50	T081	C0600495
27299182	623	636	antibacterial	T195	C0279516
27299182	637	647	activities	T169	C0205177
27299182	656	673	Bacillus subtilis	T007	C0004595
27299182	678	687	B. cereus	T007	C0004590
27299182	693	703	MIC values	T034	C1304747

27299289|t|Extrapulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Seminal Vesicles and Prostate Demonstrated on 18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography
27299289|a|Extrapulmonary primary small cell carcinomas arising from the urogenital tract is infrequent. It can rarely arise from the prostate and even more rarely from the seminal vesicles. We present a 79- year -old male who was admitted due to acute renal failure with a history of radical radiotherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma 13 years ago. The prostate specific antigen level was not elevated. An abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scan showed markedly enlarged seminal vesicles causing bilateral ureteral obstruction and a mildly enlarged prostate. Further evaluation with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/CT demonstrated extensive 18F-FDG uptake in the pelvis with diffuse involvement of both seminal vesicles and the prostate without pathologic uptake in the lungs or elsewhere in the body. Core biopsies of the prostate and both seminal vesicles revealed diffuse involvement by small cell carcinoma. Therapy could not be instituted due to a rapid deterioration in the patient's clinical condition.
27299289	0	35	Extrapulmonary Small Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0262584
27299289	43	59	Seminal Vesicles	T023	C0036628
27299289	64	72	Prostate	T023	C0033572
27299289	89	96	18F-FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27299289	89	145	18F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography	T060	C1699633
27299289	146	190	Extrapulmonary primary small cell carcinomas	T191	C0262584
27299289	208	224	urogenital tract	T022	C0042066
27299289	228	238	infrequent	T079	C0521114
27299289	247	253	rarely	T080	C0522498
27299289	269	277	prostate	T023	C0033572
27299289	292	298	rarely	T080	C0522498
27299289	308	324	seminal vesicles	T023	C0036628
27299289	343	347	year	T079	C0439234
27299289	353	357	male	T032	C0086582
27299289	366	374	admitted	T058	C0184666
27299289	382	401	acute renal failure	T047	C0022660
27299289	409	416	history	T033	C0262926
27299289	420	440	radical radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27299289	445	468	prostate adenocarcinoma	T191	C0007112
27299289	472	477	years	T079	C0439234
27299289	487	512	prostate specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27299289	513	518	level	T080	C0441889
27299289	540	584	abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) scan	T060	C0040405
27299289	610	626	seminal vesicles	T023	C0036628
27299289	635	653	bilateral ureteral	T023	C0041951
27299289	654	665	obstruction	T046	C0028778
27299289	688	696	prostate	T023	C0033572
27299289	722	752	fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose	T109,T130	C0046056
27299289	722	794	fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/CT	T060	C1699633
27299289	754	761	18F-FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27299289	818	825	18F-FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27299289	826	832	uptake	T039	C0243144
27299289	840	846	pelvis	T023	C0030797
27299289	852	871	diffuse involvement	T033	C0243095
27299289	880	896	seminal vesicles	T023	C0036628
27299289	905	913	prostate	T023	C0033572
27299289	922	932	pathologic	T169	C1521733
27299289	933	939	uptake	T039	C0243144
27299289	947	952	lungs	T023	C0024109
27299289	973	977	body	T016	C0242821
27299289	979	992	Core biopsies	T060	C1318309
27299289	1000	1008	prostate	T023	C0033572
27299289	1018	1034	seminal vesicles	T023	C0036628
27299289	1044	1063	diffuse involvement	T033	C0243095
27299289	1067	1087	small cell carcinoma	T191	C0262584
27299289	1089	1096	Therapy	T061	C0087111
27299289	1136	1149	deterioration	T067	C0868945
27299289	1157	1166	patient's	T101	C0030705
27299289	1167	1175	clinical	T080	C0205210
27299289	1176	1185	condition	T080	C0348080

27299522|t|Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors and Risk of Malignant Melanoma: Matched Cohort Study Using Primary Care Data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
27299522|a|Laboratory evidence suggests that reduced phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) expression increases the invasiveness of melanoma cells; hence, pharmacological inhibition of PDE5 could affect melanoma risk. Two major epidemiological studies have investigated this and come to differing conclusions. We therefore aimed to investigate whether PDE5 inhibitor use is associated with an increased risk of malignant melanoma, and whether any increase in risk is likely to represent a causal relationship. We conducted a matched cohort study using primary care data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. All men initiating a PDE5 inhibitor and with no prior cancer diagnosis were identified and matched on age, diabetes status, and general practice to up to four unexposed controls. Ever use of a PDE5 inhibitor and time-updated cumulative number of PDE5 inhibitor prescriptions were investigated as exposures, and the primary outcome was malignant melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma, solar keratosis, and colorectal cancer were investigated as negative control outcomes to exclude bias. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated from Cox models stratified by matched set and adjusted for potential confounders. 145,104 men with ≥1 PDE5 inhibitor prescription, and 560,933 unexposed matched controls were included. In total, 1,315 incident malignant melanoma diagnoses were observed during 3.44 million person-years of follow-up (mean 4.9 y per person). After adjusting for potential confounders, there was weak evidence of a small positive association between PDE5 inhibitor use and melanoma risk (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.01-1.29, p = 0.04). A similar increase in risk was seen for the two negative control outcomes related to sun exposure (HR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.11-1.19, p < 0.001, for basal cell carcinoma; HR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.17-1.25, p < 0.001, for solar keratosis), but there was no increased risk for colorectal cancer (HR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.85-0.98, p = 0.01). There was no evidence that risk increased with number of prescriptions received (p-trend = 0.83). In a post hoc analysis, there was strong evidence that solar keratosis was associated with future PDE5 inhibitor use (odds ratio = 1.28, 95% CI 1.23-1.34, p < 0.001), suggesting that men with higher sun exposure were more likely to become PDE5 inhibitor users. However, a limitation of our study was that we did not have individual-level data on sun exposure, so we could not directly control for this in the primary analysis. Our results were not consistent with PDE5 inhibitors being causally associated with melanoma risk, and strongly suggest that observed risk increases are driven by greater sun exposure among patients exposed to a PDE5 inhibitor.
27299522	0	35	Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors	T121	C1318700
27299522	40	44	Risk	T081	C0596244
27299522	48	66	Malignant Melanoma	T191	C0025202
27299522	68	75	Matched	T062	C0150103
27299522	76	88	Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27299522	95	107	Primary Care	T058	C0033137
27299522	108	112	Data	T078	C1511726
27299522	122	124	UK	T083	C0041700
27299522	161	171	Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27299522	172	180	evidence	T078	C3887511
27299522	195	202	reduced	T080	C0392756
27299522	203	227	phosphodiesterase type 5	T116,T126	C0757672
27299522	229	233	PDE5	T116,T126	C0757672
27299522	235	245	expression	T045	C1171362
27299522	246	255	increases	T169	C0442805
27299522	260	272	invasiveness	T046	C0920779
27299522	276	290	melanoma cells	T025	C1513095
27299522	299	314	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27299522	315	325	inhibition	T039	C1524081
27299522	329	333	PDE5	T116,T126	C0757672
27299522	347	355	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27299522	356	360	risk	T081	C0596244
27299522	372	395	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
27299522	401	413	investigated	T169	C1292732
27299522	441	452	conclusions	T078	C1707478
27299522	476	487	investigate	T169	C1292732
27299522	496	510	PDE5 inhibitor	T121	C1318700
27299522	518	533	associated with	T080	C0332281
27299522	537	546	increased	T081	C0205217
27299522	547	551	risk	T081	C0596244
27299522	555	573	malignant melanoma	T191	C0025202
27299522	591	599	increase	T169	C0442805
27299522	603	607	risk	T081	C0596244
27299522	640	652	relationship	T080	C0439849
27299522	669	676	matched	T062	C0150103
27299522	677	689	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27299522	696	708	primary care	T058	C0033137
27299522	709	713	data	T078	C1511726
27299522	723	725	UK	T083	C0041700
27299522	767	770	men	T098	C0025266
27299522	784	798	PDE5 inhibitor	T121	C1318700
27299522	817	833	cancer diagnosis	T060	C0920688
27299522	839	849	identified	T080	C0205396
27299522	854	861	matched	T080	C1708943
27299522	865	868	age	T032	C0001779
27299522	870	885	diabetes status	T033	C1317301
27299522	891	907	general practice	T091	C0086343
27299522	922	940	unexposed controls	T096	C0009932
27299522	956	970	PDE5 inhibitor	T121	C1318700
27299522	975	1005	time-updated cumulative number	T081	C2347182
27299522	1009	1023	PDE5 inhibitor	T121	C1318700
27299522	1024	1037	prescriptions	T170	C0033081
27299522	1043	1055	investigated	T169	C1292732
27299522	1059	1068	exposures	T033	C2015793
27299522	1078	1093	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
27299522	1098	1116	malignant melanoma	T191	C0025202
27299522	1118	1138	Basal cell carcinoma	T191	C0007117
27299522	1140	1155	solar keratosis	T191	C0022602
27299522	1161	1178	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27299522	1184	1196	investigated	T169	C1292732
27299522	1200	1216	negative control	T077	C1947986
27299522	1217	1225	outcomes	T062	C0086750
27299522	1237	1241	bias	T078	C0242568
27299522	1243	1256	Hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27299522	1258	1261	HRs	T081	C2985465
27299522	1268	1277	estimated	T081	C0750572
27299522	1283	1293	Cox models	T081,T170	C0010234
27299522	1294	1304	stratified	T080	C0205363
27299522	1308	1319	matched set	T080	C0205556
27299522	1347	1358	confounders	T169	C0009673
27299522	1368	1371	men	T098	C0025266
27299522	1380	1394	PDE5 inhibitor	T121	C1318700
27299522	1395	1407	prescription	T170	C0033081
27299522	1421	1447	unexposed matched controls	T096	C0009932
27299522	1479	1487	incident	T067	C1551358
27299522	1488	1506	malignant melanoma	T191	C0025202
27299522	1507	1516	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27299522	1543	1563	million person-years	T081	C0392762
27299522	1567	1576	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27299522	1587	1599	y per person	T081	C0392762
27299522	1632	1643	confounders	T169	C0009673
27299522	1660	1668	evidence	T078	C3887511
27299522	1680	1700	positive association	T080	C0439849
27299522	1709	1723	PDE5 inhibitor	T121	C1318700
27299522	1732	1740	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27299522	1741	1745	risk	T081	C0596244
27299522	1747	1749	HR	T081	C2985465
27299522	1762	1764	CI	T081	C0009667
27299522	1797	1805	increase	T169	C0442805
27299522	1809	1813	risk	T081	C0596244
27299522	1835	1851	negative control	T077	C1947986
27299522	1852	1860	outcomes	T062	C0086750
27299522	1872	1884	sun exposure	T033	C1456711
27299522	1886	1888	HR	T081	C2985465
27299522	1901	1903	CI	T081	C0009667
27299522	1930	1950	basal cell carcinoma	T191	C0007117
27299522	1952	1954	HR	T081	C2985465
27299522	1967	1969	CI	T081	C0009667
27299522	1996	2011	solar keratosis	T191	C0022602
27299522	2031	2040	increased	T081	C0205217
27299522	2041	2045	risk	T081	C0596244
27299522	2050	2067	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27299522	2069	2071	HR	T081	C2985465
27299522	2084	2086	CI	T081	C0009667
27299522	2119	2130	no evidence	T080	C0332125
27299522	2136	2140	risk	T081	C0596244
27299522	2141	2150	increased	T081	C0205217
27299522	2166	2179	prescriptions	T170	C0033081
27299522	2180	2188	received	T080	C1514756
27299522	2212	2229	post hoc analysis	T062	C0242481
27299522	2248	2256	evidence	T078	C3887511
27299522	2262	2277	solar keratosis	T191	C0022602
27299522	2282	2297	associated with	T080	C0332281
27299522	2305	2319	PDE5 inhibitor	T121	C1318700
27299522	2325	2335	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27299522	2348	2350	CI	T081	C0009667
27299522	2390	2393	men	T098	C0025266
27299522	2406	2418	sun exposure	T033	C1456711
27299522	2446	2460	PDE5 inhibitor	T121	C1318700
27299522	2461	2466	users	T098	C1706077
27299522	2479	2489	limitation	T169	C0449295
27299522	2497	2502	study	T062	C2603343
27299522	2528	2549	individual-level data	UnknownType	C0814855
27299522	2553	2565	sun exposure	T033	C1456711
27299522	2592	2599	control	T078	C1547100
27299522	2616	2632	primary analysis	T062	C0936012
27299522	2671	2686	PDE5 inhibitors	T121	C1318700
27299522	2702	2717	associated with	T080	C0332281
27299522	2718	2726	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27299522	2727	2731	risk	T081	C0596244
27299522	2768	2772	risk	T081	C0596244
27299522	2773	2782	increases	T169	C0442805
27299522	2805	2817	sun exposure	T033	C1456711
27299522	2824	2832	patients	T101	C0030705
27299522	2833	2843	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27299522	2846	2860	PDE5 inhibitor	T121	C1318700

27299763|t|Parent - Youth Differences in Familism Values from Adolescence into Young Adulthood: Developmental Course and Links with Parent - Youth Conflict
27299763|a|A critical step in capturing family processes is to incorporate the perspectives and experiences of multiple family members toward characterizing how families operate as systems. Although some research has examined differences between parents' and youth's family experiences, most studies have focused on European American families, and we know little about the nature and implications of divergent parent - youth experiences in other ethnic groups. Accordingly, we focused on Mexican -origin families and assessed the links between mother - youth and father - youth differences in familism values and parent - youth conflict from early adolescence into young adulthood. Participants were mothers, fathers, and two siblings (248 female and 244 male, 51 % female; M age = 14.02 years) from 246 families who were interviewed in their homes on three occasions over 8 years. We operationalized parent - youth differences in familism values using difference scores, controlling for mean levels of familism. Multilevel models revealed that mothers ' and fathers ' familism values remained relatively stable over time, but youth's familism values declined until age 17, stabilized, and then increased slightly in young adulthood. Lagged models tested directions of effect by examining whether parent - youth differences in familism values predicted parent - youth conflict or vice versa. The findings revealed that parent - youth conflict predicted greater differences in parent - youth familism values, but differences in familism values did not predict conflict. Our findings align with a family systems perspective in documenting the significance of differences between family members ' perspectives and highlighting that such processes are dynamic. Further, by testing bi-directional associations in longitudinal models, we were able to disentangle the temporal ordering of differences in familism values and parent - youth conflict thereby advancing understanding of parent - youth discrepancies in cultural values.
27299763	0	6	Parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	9	14	Youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	15	26	Differences	T080	C1705242
27299763	30	45	Familism Values	T078	C0683623
27299763	51	62	Adolescence	T079	C0001578
27299763	68	83	Young Adulthood	T100	C0680085
27299763	85	98	Developmental	T080	C0458003
27299763	99	105	Course	T079	C0750729
27299763	121	127	Parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	130	135	Youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	136	144	Conflict	T055	C0009671
27299763	164	190	capturing family processes	T058	C3165295
27299763	197	208	incorporate	T169	C0243126
27299763	213	225	perspectives	T082	C0449911
27299763	230	241	experiences	T041	C0596545
27299763	245	253	multiple	T081	C0439064
27299763	254	268	family members	T099	C0086282
27299763	276	290	characterizing	T052	C1880022
27299763	295	303	families	T099	C0015576
27299763	304	311	operate	T169	C3242339
27299763	315	322	systems	T099	C0680024
27299763	338	346	research	T062	C0035168
27299763	351	359	examined	T033	C0332128
27299763	360	371	differences	T080	C1705242
27299763	380	388	parents'	T099	C0030551
27299763	393	400	youth's	T100	C0087178
27299763	401	407	family	T099	C0015576
27299763	408	419	experiences	T041	C0596545
27299763	426	433	studies	T062	C2603343
27299763	439	446	focused	T169	C1285542
27299763	450	467	European American	T098	C0683983
27299763	468	476	families	T099	C0015576
27299763	507	513	nature	T169	C1262865
27299763	518	530	implications	T078	C3146298
27299763	534	543	divergent	T080	C1705242
27299763	544	550	parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	553	558	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	559	570	experiences	T041	C0596545
27299763	580	593	ethnic groups	T098	C0015031
27299763	611	618	focused	T169	C1285542
27299763	622	629	Mexican	T098	C0240339
27299763	638	646	families	T099	C0015576
27299763	651	659	assessed	T052	C1516048
27299763	678	684	mother	T099	C0026591
27299763	687	692	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	697	703	father	T099	C0015671
27299763	706	711	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	712	723	differences	T080	C1705242
27299763	727	742	familism values	T078	C0683623
27299763	727	742	familism values	T078	C0683623
27299763	747	753	parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	756	761	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	762	770	conflict	T055	C0009671
27299763	776	793	early adolescence	T079	C2982733
27299763	799	814	young adulthood	T100	C0680085
27299763	816	828	Participants	T098	C0679646
27299763	834	841	mothers	T099	C0026591
27299763	843	850	fathers	T099	C0015671
27299763	860	868	siblings	T099	C0037047
27299763	874	880	female	T098	C0043210
27299763	889	893	male	T098	C0025266
27299763	900	906	female	T098	C0043210
27299763	910	913	age	T032	C0001779
27299763	922	927	years	T079	C0439234
27299763	938	946	families	T099	C0015576
27299763	956	967	interviewed	T052	C0021822
27299763	977	982	homes	T082	C0442519
27299763	1009	1014	years	T079	C0439234
27299763	1035	1041	parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	1044	1049	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	1050	1061	differences	T080	C1705242
27299763	1065	1080	familism values	T078	C0683623
27299763	1087	1097	difference	T080	C1705242
27299763	1098	1104	scores	T081	C0449820
27299763	1127	1133	levels	T080	C0441889
27299763	1137	1145	familism	T078	C0683623
27299763	1147	1164	Multilevel models	T170	C3161035
27299763	1165	1173	revealed	T080	C0443289
27299763	1179	1186	mothers	T099	C0026591
27299763	1193	1200	fathers	T099	C0015671
27299763	1203	1218	familism values	T078	C0683623
27299763	1239	1245	stable	T080	C0205360
27299763	1251	1255	time	T079	C0040223
27299763	1261	1268	youth's	T100	C0087178
27299763	1269	1284	familism values	T078	C0683623
27299763	1285	1293	declined	T081	C0205216
27299763	1300	1303	age	T032	C0001779
27299763	1308	1318	stabilized	T033	C0184512
27299763	1329	1338	increased	T081	C0205217
27299763	1351	1366	young adulthood	T100	C0680085
27299763	1368	1381	Lagged models	T170	C3161035
27299763	1382	1388	tested	T169	C0039593
27299763	1389	1399	directions	T082	C0439755
27299763	1403	1409	effect	T080	C1280500
27299763	1413	1422	examining	T033	C0332128
27299763	1431	1437	parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	1440	1445	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	1446	1457	differences	T080	C1705242
27299763	1461	1476	familism values	T078	C0683623
27299763	1477	1486	predicted	T078	C0681842
27299763	1487	1493	parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	1496	1501	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	1502	1510	conflict	T055	C0009671
27299763	1530	1538	findings	T033	C0243095
27299763	1539	1547	revealed	T080	C0443289
27299763	1553	1559	parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	1562	1567	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	1568	1576	conflict	T055	C0009671
27299763	1577	1586	predicted	T078	C0681842
27299763	1595	1606	differences	T080	C1705242
27299763	1610	1616	parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	1619	1624	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	1625	1640	familism values	T078	C0683623
27299763	1646	1657	differences	T080	C1705242
27299763	1661	1676	familism values	T078	C0683623
27299763	1685	1692	predict	T078	C0681842
27299763	1693	1701	conflict	T055	C0009671
27299763	1707	1715	findings	T033	C0243095
27299763	1729	1743	family systems	T099	C0680024
27299763	1744	1755	perspective	T082	C0449911
27299763	1759	1770	documenting	T058	C1301725
27299763	1775	1787	significance	T078	C0750502
27299763	1791	1802	differences	T080	C1705242
27299763	1811	1825	family members	T099	C0086282
27299763	1828	1840	perspectives	T082	C0449911
27299763	1868	1877	processes	T067	C1522240
27299763	1882	1889	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27299763	1903	1910	testing	T169	C0039593
27299763	1911	1938	bi-directional associations	T080	C0439849
27299763	1942	1961	longitudinal models	T170	C3161035
27299763	1995	2003	temporal	T079	C1254367
27299763	2004	2012	ordering	T080	C1705176
27299763	2016	2027	differences	T080	C1705242
27299763	2031	2046	familism values	T078	C0683623
27299763	2051	2057	parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	2060	2065	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	2066	2074	conflict	T055	C0009671
27299763	2083	2092	advancing	T079	C3854260
27299763	2093	2106	understanding	T041	C0162340
27299763	2110	2116	parent	T099	C0030551
27299763	2119	2124	youth	T100	C0087178
27299763	2125	2138	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
27299763	2142	2157	cultural values	T078	C0683623

27299886|t|Low Soluble Syndecan-1 Precedes Preeclampsia
27299886|a|Syndecan-1 (Sdc1; CD138) is a major transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan expressed on the extracellular, luminal surface of epithelial cells and syncytiotrophoblast, thus comprising a major component of the glycocalyx of these cells. The " soluble " (shed) form of Sdc1 has paracrine and autocrine functions and is normally produced in a regulated fashion. We compared plasma soluble Sdc1 concentrations, in relation to placental Sdc1 expression, in uncomplicated (control) and preeclamptic pregnancies. We evaluated soluble Sdc1 across uncomplicated pregnancy, and between preeclamptic, gestational hypertensive and control patients at mid-pregnancy (20 weeks) and 3rd trimester by ELISA. Placental expression level of Sdc1 was compared between groups in relation to pre-delivery plasma soluble Sdc1. Participants were recruited from Magee-Womens Hospital. In uncomplicated pregnancy, plasma soluble Sdc1 rose significantly in the 1st trimester, and reached an approximate 50-fold increase at term compared to post pregnancy levels. Soluble Sdc1 was lower at mid-pregnancy in women who later developed preeclampsia (P<0.05), but not gestational hypertension, compared to controls, and remained lower at late pregnancy in preeclampsia (P<0.01) compared to controls. Sdc1 was prominently expressed on syncytiotrophoblast of microvilli. Syncytiotrophoblast Sdc1 immunostaining intensities, and mRNA content in villous homogenates, were lower in preeclampsia vs. controls (P<0.05). Soluble Sdc1 and Sdc1 immunostaining scores were inversely associated with systolic blood pressures, and positively correlated with infant birth weight percentile. Soluble Sdc1 is significantly lower before the clinical onset of preeclampsia, with reduced expression of Sdc1 in the delivered placenta, suggesting a role for glycocalyx disturbance in preeclampsia pathophysiology.
27299886	0	3	Low	T080	C0205251
27299886	4	11	Soluble	T080	C1948047
27299886	12	22	Syndecan-1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	32	44	Preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27299886	45	55	Syndecan-1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	57	61	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	63	68	CD138	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	81	123	transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan	T116,T123	C0062503
27299886	124	133	expressed	T045	C1171362
27299886	141	154	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27299886	156	171	luminal surface	T082	C0205148
27299886	175	191	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27299886	196	215	syncytiotrophoblast	T025	C1515108
27299886	258	268	glycocalyx	T026	C0061622
27299886	278	283	cells	T025	C0007634
27299886	291	298	soluble	T080	C1948047
27299886	316	320	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	325	334	paracrine	T044	C2755743
27299886	339	358	autocrine functions	T044	C2755742
27299886	411	419	compared	T052	C1707455
27299886	420	426	plasma	T031	C0032105
27299886	427	434	soluble	T080	C1948047
27299886	435	439	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	440	454	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27299886	471	480	placental	T018	C0032043
27299886	481	485	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	486	496	expression	T045	C1171362
27299886	501	514	uncomplicated	T033	C4314562
27299886	516	523	control	T096	C0009932
27299886	529	541	preeclamptic	T046	C0032914
27299886	542	553	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27299886	568	575	soluble	T080	C1948047
27299886	576	580	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	588	611	uncomplicated pregnancy	T033	C4314562
27299886	625	637	preeclamptic	T046	C0032914
27299886	639	663	gestational hypertensive	T047	C0852036
27299886	668	675	control	T096	C0009932
27299886	676	684	patients	T101	C0030705
27299886	688	712	mid-pregnancy (20 weeks)	T079	C0233027
27299886	717	730	3rd trimester	T079	C0032981
27299886	734	739	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27299886	741	750	Placental	T018	C0032043
27299886	751	761	expression	T045	C1171362
27299886	762	767	level	T080	C0441889
27299886	771	775	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	780	788	compared	T052	C1707455
27299886	797	803	groups	T098	C1257890
27299886	819	831	pre-delivery	T079	C3847846
27299886	832	838	plasma	T031	C0032105
27299886	839	846	soluble	T080	C1948047
27299886	847	851	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	853	865	Participants	T098	C0679646
27299886	886	907	Magee-Womens Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27299886	912	935	uncomplicated pregnancy	T033	C4314562
27299886	937	943	plasma	T031	C0032105
27299886	944	951	soluble	T080	C1948047
27299886	952	956	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	983	996	1st trimester	T079	C0032979
27299886	1050	1058	compared	T052	C1707455
27299886	1062	1076	post pregnancy	T079	C0086839
27299886	1077	1083	levels	T080	C0441889
27299886	1085	1092	Soluble	T080	C1948047
27299886	1093	1097	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	1102	1107	lower	T080	C0205251
27299886	1111	1124	mid-pregnancy	T080	C1948047
27299886	1128	1133	women	T098	C0043210
27299886	1154	1166	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27299886	1185	1209	gestational hypertension	T047	C0852036
27299886	1211	1219	compared	T052	C1707455
27299886	1223	1231	controls	T096	C0009932
27299886	1246	1251	lower	T080	C0205251
27299886	1255	1269	late pregnancy	T046	C0878751
27299886	1273	1285	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27299886	1295	1303	compared	T052	C1707455
27299886	1307	1315	controls	T096	C0009932
27299886	1317	1321	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	1338	1347	expressed	T045	C1171362
27299886	1351	1370	syncytiotrophoblast	T025	C1515108
27299886	1374	1384	microvilli	T026	C0026049
27299886	1386	1405	Syncytiotrophoblast	T025	C1515108
27299886	1406	1410	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	1411	1437	immunostaining intensities	T059	C4288189
27299886	1443	1447	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27299886	1459	1478	villous homogenates	T080	C1519984
27299886	1485	1490	lower	T080	C0205251
27299886	1494	1506	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27299886	1511	1519	controls	T096	C0009932
27299886	1530	1537	Soluble	T080	C1948047
27299886	1538	1542	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	1547	1551	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	1552	1566	immunostaining	T059	C0487602
27299886	1567	1573	scores	T081	C0449820
27299886	1589	1604	associated with	T080	C0332281
27299886	1605	1629	systolic blood pressures	T201	C0871470
27299886	1646	1656	correlated	T080	C1707520
27299886	1662	1668	infant	T100	C0021270
27299886	1669	1681	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27299886	1682	1692	percentile	T081	C1264641
27299886	1694	1701	Soluble	T080	C1948047
27299886	1702	1706	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	1724	1729	lower	T080	C0205251
27299886	1741	1749	clinical	T080	C0205210
27299886	1750	1758	onset of	T080	C0332162
27299886	1759	1771	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27299886	1778	1785	reduced	T080	C0392756
27299886	1786	1796	expression	T045	C1171362
27299886	1800	1804	Sdc1	T116,T123	C1609943
27299886	1812	1821	delivered	T033	C0566687
27299886	1822	1830	placenta	T018	C0032043
27299886	1854	1864	glycocalyx	T026	C0061622
27299886	1880	1892	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27299886	1893	1908	pathophysiology	T046	C0277785

27299916|t|Identification and SAR Evaluation of Hemozoin - Inhibiting Benzamides Active against Plasmodium falciparum
27299916|a|Quinoline antimalarials target hemozoin formation causing a cytotoxic accumulation of ferriprotoporphyrin IX (Fe(III)PPIX). Well-developed SAR models exist for β-hematin inhibition, parasite activity, and cellular mechanisms for this compound class, but no comparably detailed investigations exist for other hemozoin inhibiting chemotypes. Here, benzamide analogues based on previous HTS hits have been purchased or synthesized. Only derivatives containing an electron deficient aromatic ring and capable of adopting flat conformations, optimal for π-π interactions with Fe(III)PPIX, inhibited β-hematin formation. The two most potent analogues showed nanomolar parasite activity, with little CQ cross-resistance, low cytotoxicity, and high in vitro microsomal stability. Selected analogues inhibited hemozoin formation in Plasmodium falciparum causing high levels of free heme. In contrast to quinolines, introduction of amine side chains did not lead to benzamide accumulation in the parasite. These data reveal complex relationships between heme binding, free heme levels, cellular accumulation, and in vitro activity of potential novel antimalarials.
27299916	0	14	Identification	T041	C0020792
27299916	19	22	SAR	T080	C0038477
27299916	23	33	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27299916	37	45	Hemozoin	T109,T123	C0062496
27299916	48	58	Inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27299916	59	69	Benzamides	T109	C0005029
27299916	70	76	Active	T169	C0205177
27299916	85	106	Plasmodium falciparum	T204	C0032150
27299916	107	116	Quinoline	T109,T130	C0034423
27299916	117	130	antimalarials	T121	C0003374
27299916	131	137	target	T169	C1521840
27299916	138	146	hemozoin	T109,T123	C0062496
27299916	147	156	formation	T169	C1522492
27299916	167	176	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27299916	177	189	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27299916	193	215	ferriprotoporphyrin IX	T109,T123	C0015877
27299916	217	228	Fe(III)PPIX	T109,T123	C0015877
27299916	246	249	SAR	T080	C0038477
27299916	250	256	models	T170	C3161035
27299916	267	276	β-hematin	T109,T123	C0062496
27299916	277	287	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27299916	289	297	parasite	T204	C0030498
27299916	298	306	activity	T052	C0441655
27299916	312	331	cellular mechanisms	T044	C1148560
27299916	341	355	compound class	T170	C0456387
27299916	384	398	investigations	T033	C0243095
27299916	415	423	hemozoin	T109,T123	C0062496
27299916	424	434	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27299916	435	445	chemotypes	T121	C1254351
27299916	453	462	benzamide	T109	C0053139
27299916	463	472	analogues	T104	C0002776
27299916	491	494	HTS	T059	C2718003
27299916	510	519	purchased	T052	C0870238
27299916	523	534	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27299916	541	599	derivatives containing an electron deficient aromatic ring	T104	C0243072
27299916	624	642	flat conformations	T082	C0026377
27299916	656	672	π-π interactions	T169	C1704675
27299916	678	689	Fe(III)PPIX	T109,T123	C0015877
27299916	691	700	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27299916	701	710	β-hematin	T109,T123	C0062496
27299916	711	720	formation	T169	C1522492
27299916	742	751	analogues	T104	C0002776
27299916	759	768	nanomolar	T081	C0439282
27299916	769	777	parasite	T204	C0030498
27299916	778	786	activity	T052	C0441655
27299916	800	802	CQ	T109,T121	C0008269
27299916	803	819	cross-resistance	T046	C2363980
27299916	825	837	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27299916	848	856	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27299916	857	867	microsomal	T080	C1979928
27299916	868	877	stability	T080	C0205360
27299916	888	897	analogues	T104	C0002776
27299916	898	907	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27299916	908	916	hemozoin	T109,T123	C0062496
27299916	917	926	formation	T169	C1522492
27299916	930	951	Plasmodium falciparum	T204	C0032150
27299916	965	971	levels	T080	C0441889
27299916	980	984	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27299916	1001	1011	quinolines	T109	C0034424
27299916	1013	1025	introduction	T169	C0579004
27299916	1029	1046	amine side chains	T104	C1254350
27299916	1063	1072	benzamide	T109	C0053139
27299916	1073	1085	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27299916	1093	1101	parasite	T204	C0030498
27299916	1109	1113	data	T078	C1511726
27299916	1129	1142	relationships	T080	C0439849
27299916	1151	1163	heme binding	T044	C1148616
27299916	1170	1174	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27299916	1175	1181	levels	T080	C0441889
27299916	1183	1204	cellular accumulation	T043	C0007613
27299916	1210	1218	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27299916	1219	1227	activity	T052	C0441655
27299916	1241	1246	novel	T080	C0205314
27299916	1247	1260	antimalarials	T121	C0003374

27300443|t|Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Fluorescence Molecular Probe for Turn-ON-Type Detection of Cytosine Bulge DNA
27300443|a|A fluorescent molecule DANP that binds to cytosine bulge DNA and emits characteristic fluorescence was conjugated to pyrene to give a new fluorescence probe PyDANP. Temperature - and solvent -dependent absorption changes showed that DANP and pyrene chromophores stacked at room temperature in an aqueous buffer solution and quenched fluorescence. Upon binding of DANP moiety in PyDANP to cytosine bulge DNA, the fluorescence from DANP bound to C-bulge increased by ∼12-fold, showing that PyDANP is a turn-ON probe for the detection of C-bulge DNA.
27300443	14	38	Photophysical Properties	T201	C1998468
27300443	42	54	Fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27300443	55	70	Molecular Probe	T130	C0026381
27300443	75	97	Turn-ON-Type Detection	T059	C0026380
27300443	101	115	Cytosine Bulge	T109,T123	C0010843
27300443	116	119	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27300443	122	147	fluorescent molecule DANP	T109	C2001813
27300443	162	176	cytosine bulge	T109,T123	C0010843
27300443	177	180	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27300443	206	218	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27300443	223	233	conjugated	T082	C0522529
27300443	237	243	pyrene	T109	C0072667
27300443	258	283	fluorescence probe PyDANP	T130	C0016321
27300443	285	296	Temperature	T081	C0039476
27300443	303	310	solvent	T130	C0037638
27300443	322	340	absorption changes	T169	C0220777
27300443	353	357	DANP	T109	C2001813
27300443	362	381	pyrene chromophores	T120	C0596335
27300443	382	389	stacked	T082	C3272897
27300443	393	409	room temperature	T033	C1822393
27300443	416	439	aqueous buffer solution	T130	C3190981
27300443	444	465	quenched fluorescence	T059	C0026380
27300443	472	479	binding	T052	C1145667
27300443	483	487	DANP	T109	C2001813
27300443	498	504	PyDANP	T130	C0016321
27300443	508	522	cytosine bulge	T109,T123	C0010843
27300443	523	526	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27300443	532	544	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27300443	550	554	DANP	T109	C2001813
27300443	564	571	C-bulge	T109,T123	C0010843
27300443	608	614	PyDANP	T130	C0016321
27300443	620	651	turn-ON probe for the detection	T059	C0026380
27300443	655	662	C-bulge	T109,T123	C0010843
27300443	663	667	DNA.	T114,T123	C0012854

27300936|t|Bispectral pairwise interacting source analysis for identifying systems of cross-frequency interacting brain sources from electroencephalographic or magnetoencephalographic signals
27300936|a|Brain cognitive functions arise through the coordinated activity of several brain regions, which actually form complex dynamical systems operating at multiple frequencies. These systems often consist of interacting subsystems, whose characterization is of importance for a complete understanding of the brain interaction processes. To address this issue, we present a technique, namely the bispectral pairwise interacting source analysis (biPISA), for analyzing systems of cross-frequency interacting brain sources when multichannel electroencephalographic (EEG) or magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data are available. Specifically, the biPISA makes it possible to identify one or many subsystems of cross-frequency interacting sources by decomposing the antisymmetric components of the cross-bispectra between EEG or MEG signals, based on the assumption that interactions are pairwise. Thanks to the properties of the antisymmetric components of the cross-bispectra, biPISA is also robust to spurious interactions arising from mixing artifacts, i.e., volume conduction or field spread, which always affect EEG or MEG functional connectivity estimates. This method is an extension of the pairwise interacting source analysis (PISA), which was originally introduced for investigating interactions at the same frequency, to the study of cross-frequency interactions. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated in simulations for up to three interacting source pairs and for real MEG recordings of spontaneous brain activity. Simulations show that the performances of biPISA in estimating the phase difference between the interacting sources are affected by the increasing level of noise rather than by the number of the interacting subsystems. The analysis of real MEG data reveals an interaction between two pairs of sources of central mu and beta rhythms, localizing in the proximity of the left and right central sulci.
27300936	0	47	Bispectral pairwise interacting source analysis	T062	C0936012
27300936	64	71	systems	T169	C0449913
27300936	75	90	cross-frequency	T079	C0439603
27300936	91	102	interacting	T169	C1704675
27300936	103	108	brain	T023	C0006104
27300936	109	116	sources	T033	C0449416
27300936	122	145	electroencephalographic	T060	C0013819
27300936	149	172	magnetoencephalographic	T060	C0024489
27300936	173	180	signals	T067	C1710082
27300936	181	186	Brain	T023	C0006104
27300936	187	206	cognitive functions	T041	C0392335
27300936	225	245	coordinated activity	T041	C0025361
27300936	257	270	brain regions	T029	C1273723
27300936	292	299	complex	T080	C0439855
27300936	300	317	dynamical systems	T169	C0449913
27300936	331	339	multiple	T081	C0439064
27300936	340	351	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27300936	359	366	systems	T169	C0449913
27300936	384	395	interacting	T169	C1704675
27300936	396	406	subsystems	T169	C0449913
27300936	414	430	characterization	T052	C1880022
27300936	484	511	brain interaction processes	T042	C0678908
27300936	549	558	technique	T169	C0449851
27300936	571	618	bispectral pairwise interacting source analysis	T062	C0936012
27300936	620	626	biPISA	T062	C0936012
27300936	643	650	systems	T169	C0449913
27300936	654	669	cross-frequency	T079	C0439603
27300936	670	681	interacting	T169	C1704675
27300936	682	687	brain	T023	C0006104
27300936	688	695	sources	T033	C0449416
27300936	701	737	multichannel electroencephalographic	T060	C0013819
27300936	739	742	EEG	T060	C0013819
27300936	747	770	magnetoencephalographic	T060	C0024489
27300936	772	775	MEG	T060	C0024489
27300936	777	781	data	T078	C1511726
27300936	815	821	biPISA	T062	C0936012
27300936	864	874	subsystems	T169	C0449913
27300936	878	893	cross-frequency	T079	C0439603
27300936	894	905	interacting	T169	C1704675
27300936	906	913	sources	T033	C0449416
27300936	933	957	antisymmetric components	T078	C1254370
27300936	965	980	cross-bispectra	T062	C0936012
27300936	989	992	EEG	T060	C0013819
27300936	996	999	MEG	T060	C0024489
27300936	1000	1007	signals	T067	C1710082
27300936	1038	1050	interactions	T169	C1704675
27300936	1055	1063	pairwise	T080	C1709450
27300936	1097	1121	antisymmetric components	T078	C1254370
27300936	1129	1144	cross-bispectra	T062	C0936012
27300936	1146	1152	biPISA	T062	C0936012
27300936	1180	1192	interactions	T169	C1704675
27300936	1230	1247	volume conduction	T080	C0205556
27300936	1251	1263	field spread	T080	C0205556
27300936	1285	1288	EEG	T060	C0013819
27300936	1292	1295	MEG	T060	C0024489
27300936	1296	1306	functional	T169	C0205245
27300936	1307	1319	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27300936	1366	1409	pairwise interacting source analysis (PISA)	T062	C0936012
27300936	1447	1460	investigating	T169	C1292732
27300936	1461	1473	interactions	T169	C1704675
27300936	1486	1495	frequency	T079	C0439603
27300936	1513	1528	cross-frequency	T079	C0439603
27300936	1529	1541	interactions	T169	C1704675
27300936	1547	1560	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27300936	1569	1577	approach	T169	C1292724
27300936	1597	1608	simulations	T062	C0679083
27300936	1625	1636	interacting	T169	C1704675
27300936	1644	1649	pairs	T080	C1709450
27300936	1663	1666	MEG	T060	C0024489
27300936	1693	1707	brain activity	T042	C0678908
27300936	1709	1720	Simulations	T062	C0679083
27300936	1751	1757	biPISA	T062	C0936012
27300936	1776	1792	phase difference	T081	C0392762
27300936	1805	1816	interacting	T169	C1704675
27300936	1817	1824	sources	T033	C0449416
27300936	1845	1855	increasing	T169	C0442808
27300936	1856	1861	level	T080	C0441889
27300936	1865	1870	noise	T067	C0028263
27300936	1904	1915	interacting	T169	C1704675
27300936	1916	1926	subsystems	T169	C0449913
27300936	1932	1940	analysis	T062	C0936012
27300936	1949	1952	MEG	T060	C0024489
27300936	1953	1957	data	T078	C1511726
27300936	1969	1980	interaction	T169	C1704675
27300936	1993	1998	pairs	T080	C1709450
27300936	2002	2009	sources	T033	C0449416
27300936	2013	2023	central mu	T042	C1254358
27300936	2028	2040	beta rhythms	T042	C0005167
27300936	2077	2081	left	T030	C2949961
27300936	2086	2105	right central sulci	T030	C2951176

27300947|t|Shear modulus of structured electrorheological fluid mixtures
27300947|a|Some immiscible blends under a strong electric field often exhibit periodic structures, bridging the gap between two electrodes. Upon shear, the structures tilt, and exhibit an elastic response which is mostly governed by the electric energy. Assuming a two-dimensional stripe structure, we calculate the Maxwell stress, and derive an expression for the shear modulus, demonstrating how it depends on the external electric field, the composition, and the dielectric properties of the blend. We also suggest the notion of effective interfacial tension, which renormalizes the effect of the electric field. This leads to a simple derivation of the scaling law for the selection of the wavelength of the structure formed under an electric field.
27300947	0	13	Shear modulus	T081	C0392762
27300947	17	27	structured	T082	C0678594
27300947	28	52	electrorheological fluid	T167	C1704353
27300947	53	61	mixtures	T167	C0439962
27300947	67	84	immiscible blends	T167	C0439861
27300947	100	114	electric field	T070	C0337037
27300947	129	137	periodic	T079	C0332182
27300947	138	148	structures	T082	C0678594
27300947	179	189	electrodes	T074	C0013812
27300947	196	201	shear	T070	C3825679
27300947	207	217	structures	T082	C0678594
27300947	218	222	tilt	T080	C1711426
27300947	239	246	elastic	T169	C0681018
27300947	288	303	electric energy	T070	C0013790
27300947	316	331	two-dimensional	T081	C0439534
27300947	332	348	stripe structure	T082	C0678594
27300947	367	381	Maxwell stress	T070	C0038442
27300947	397	407	expression	T078	C2911684
27300947	416	429	shear modulus	T081	C0392762
27300947	476	490	electric field	T070	C0337037
27300947	496	507	composition	T070	C1882370
27300947	517	538	dielectric properties	T081	C0596437
27300947	546	551	blend	T167	C0439861
27300947	593	612	interfacial tension	T070	C2713544
27300947	637	646	effect of	T080	C1704420
27300947	651	665	electric field	T070	C0337037
27300947	690	700	derivation	T080	C1441547
27300947	708	719	scaling law	T170	C1947938
27300947	745	755	wavelength	T081	C0449819
27300947	763	772	structure	T082	C0678594
27300947	789	803	electric field	T070	C0337037

27301186|t|Palmitoyl Glycol Chitosan Micelles for Corneal Delivery of Cyclosporine
27301186|a|Different substitution degrees of palmitoyl glycol chitosan (PGC), prepared according to the literature, were used to obtain polymeric micelles that have been assessed in comparison with Pluronic F127 micelles as possible carriers for poorly soluble drugs, such as cyclosporine A. Both PGC and Pluronic micelles were studied for their interactions with cell culture substrates. The least substituted and most hydrophilic derivative, PGC21 (approximately 5% substitution), showed a strong association with cyclosporine, more than tripling the colloidal concentration with respect to the saturated solution. It showed a greater ability to open Caco-2 tight junctions and to enhance the permeability of Caco-2 substrates with respect to micelles based on higher palmitoyl substitution, conceivably due to the lower modification of the chitosan chains. Permeation and penetration experiments were performed with PGC21 and Pluronic micelles on a rabbit corneal epithelial cell line (RCE) and on excised pig corneas. It was found that both PGC and Pluronic micelles could increase the permeation of the fluorescent probe rhodamine B through RCE cells by more than ten-fold. In RCE and in pig cornea, the micelles improved the penetration of both rhodamine andr cyclosporine. For cyclosporine, the PGC21 micelles allowed penetration of approximately 1 μg/mg cyclosporine A in corneal tissue, demonstrating a potential for use in immunosuppression therapies.
27301186	0	25	Palmitoyl Glycol Chitosan	T109	C0757133
27301186	26	34	Micelles	T109	C0025938
27301186	39	46	Corneal	T023	C0010031
27301186	47	55	Delivery	T169	C1705822
27301186	59	71	Cyclosporine	T116,T121	C0010592
27301186	82	94	substitution	T044	C0596324
27301186	106	131	palmitoyl glycol chitosan	T109	C0757133
27301186	133	136	PGC	T109	C0757133
27301186	139	147	prepared	T033	C4082130
27301186	165	175	literature	T170	C0023866
27301186	190	196	obtain	T169	C1301820
27301186	197	206	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27301186	207	215	micelles	T109	C0025938
27301186	231	239	assessed	T052	C1516048
27301186	243	253	comparison	T052	C1707455
27301186	259	272	Pluronic F127	T109,T121	C0032253
27301186	273	281	micelles	T109	C0025938
27301186	294	302	carriers	T122	C0013161
27301186	314	321	soluble	T080	C1948047
27301186	322	327	drugs	T121	C0013227
27301186	337	351	cyclosporine A	T116,T121	C0010592
27301186	358	361	PGC	T109	C0757133
27301186	366	374	Pluronic	T109,T121	C0032253
27301186	375	383	micelles	T109	C0025938
27301186	407	419	interactions	T044	C0687133
27301186	425	437	cell culture	T059	C1331092
27301186	438	448	substrates	T167	C3891814
27301186	460	471	substituted	T044	C0596324
27301186	481	492	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
27301186	493	503	derivative	T169	C1527240
27301186	505	510	PGC21	T109	C0757133
27301186	512	525	approximately	T080	C0332232
27301186	529	541	substitution	T044	C0596324
27301186	560	576	association with	T080	C0332281
27301186	577	589	cyclosporine	T116,T121	C0010592
27301186	614	623	colloidal	T122	C0009361
27301186	624	637	concentration	T081	C1446561
27301186	658	667	saturated	T070	C0522534
27301186	668	676	solution	T167	C0037633
27301186	698	705	ability	T032	C0085732
27301186	714	720	Caco-2	T025	C0282560
27301186	721	736	tight junctions	T030	C0242358
27301186	744	751	enhance	T052	C2349975
27301186	756	768	permeability	T070	C0031164
27301186	772	778	Caco-2	T025	C0282560
27301186	779	789	substrates	T167	C3891814
27301186	806	814	micelles	T109	C0025938
27301186	831	840	palmitoyl	T109	C3503116
27301186	841	853	substitution	T044	C0596324
27301186	884	896	modification	T169	C0392747
27301186	904	919	chitosan chains	T109,T121	C0162969
27301186	921	931	Permeation	T070	C0031164
27301186	936	947	penetration	T169	C0205321
27301186	948	959	experiments	T062	C0681814
27301186	965	974	performed	T169	C0884358
27301186	980	985	PGC21	T109	C0757133
27301186	990	998	Pluronic	T109,T121	C0032253
27301186	999	1007	micelles	T109	C0025938
27301186	1013	1019	rabbit	T015	C3887509
27301186	1020	1048	corneal epithelial cell line	T025	C1182610
27301186	1050	1053	RCE	T025	C1182610
27301186	1070	1073	pig	T015	C0039005
27301186	1074	1081	corneas	T023	C0010031
27301186	1106	1109	PGC	T109	C0757133
27301186	1114	1122	Pluronic	T109,T121	C0032253
27301186	1123	1131	micelles	T109	C0025938
27301186	1138	1146	increase	T169	C0442805
27301186	1151	1161	permeation	T070	C0031164
27301186	1169	1186	fluorescent probe	T130	C0016321
27301186	1187	1198	rhodamine B	T109,T130	C0073194
27301186	1207	1216	RCE cells	T025	C1182610
27301186	1243	1246	RCE	T025	C1182610
27301186	1254	1257	pig	T015	C0039005
27301186	1258	1264	cornea	T023	C0010031
27301186	1270	1278	micelles	T109	C0025938
27301186	1279	1287	improved	T033	C0184511
27301186	1292	1303	penetration	T169	C0205321
27301186	1312	1321	rhodamine	T109,T130	C0035483
27301186	1327	1339	cyclosporine	T116,T121	C0010592
27301186	1345	1357	cyclosporine	T116,T121	C0010592
27301186	1363	1368	PGC21	T109	C0757133
27301186	1369	1377	micelles	T109	C0025938
27301186	1386	1397	penetration	T169	C0205321
27301186	1401	1414	approximately	T080	C0332232
27301186	1423	1437	cyclosporine A	T116,T121	C0010592
27301186	1441	1448	corneal	T023	C0010031
27301186	1449	1455	tissue	T024	C0040300
27301186	1473	1482	potential	T080	C3245505
27301186	1494	1521	immunosuppression therapies	T061	C0021079

27301553|t|Plasmodium falciparum parasite population structure and gene flow associated to anti-malarial drugs resistance in Cambodia
27301553|a|Western Cambodia is recognized as the epicentre of emergence of Plasmodium falciparum multi-drug resistance. The emergence of artemisinin resistance has been observed in this area since 2008-2009 and molecular signatures associated to artemisinin resistance have been characterized in k13 gene. At present, one of the major threats faced, is the possible spread of Asian artemisinin resistant parasites over the world threatening millions of people and jeopardizing malaria elimination programme efforts. To anticipate the diffusion of artemisinin resistance, the identification of the P. falciparum population structure and the gene flow among the parasite population in Cambodia are essential. To this end, a mid-throughput PCR - LDR-FMA approach based on LUMINEX technology was developed to screen for genetic barcode in 533 blood samples collected in 2010-2011 from 16 health centres in malaria endemics areas in Cambodia. Based on successful typing of 282 samples, subpopulations were characterized along the borders of the country. Each 11-loci barcode provides evidence supporting allele distribution gradient related to subpopulations and gene flow. The 11-loci barcode successfully identifies recently emerging parasite subpopulations in western Cambodia that are associated with the C580Y dominant allele for artemisinin resistance in k13 gene. A subpopulation was identified in northern Cambodia that was associated to artemisinin (R539T resistant allele of k13 gene) and mefloquine resistance. The gene flow between these subpopulations might have driven the spread of artemisinin resistance over Cambodia.
27301553	0	21	Plasmodium falciparum	T204	C0032150
27301553	22	30	parasite	T204	C0030498
27301553	31	51	population structure	T102	C0598617
27301553	56	65	gene flow	T045	C1565556
27301553	66	76	associated	T080	C0332281
27301553	80	93	anti-malarial	T121	C0003374
27301553	94	110	drugs resistance	T038	C0013203
27301553	114	122	Cambodia	T083	C0006797
27301553	123	139	Western Cambodia	T083	C0006797
27301553	174	183	emergence	T046	C2745965
27301553	187	208	Plasmodium falciparum	T204	C0032150
27301553	209	230	multi-drug resistance	T032	C0242640
27301553	236	245	emergence	T046	C2745965
27301553	249	260	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
27301553	261	271	resistance	T038	C0013203
27301553	298	302	area	T083	C0017446
27301553	323	343	molecular signatures	T169	C1704864
27301553	344	354	associated	T080	C0332281
27301553	358	369	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
27301553	370	380	resistance	T038	C0013203
27301553	408	416	k13 gene	T028	C0017337
27301553	447	454	threats	T078	C0749385
27301553	488	493	Asian	T083	C0003980
27301553	494	505	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
27301553	506	515	resistant	T038	C0013203
27301553	516	525	parasites	T204	C0030498
27301553	565	571	people	T098	C0027361
27301553	589	596	malaria	T047	C0024530
27301553	597	618	elimination programme	T058	C0679897
27301553	659	670	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
27301553	671	681	resistance	T038	C0013203
27301553	687	701	identification	T080	C0205396
27301553	709	722	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
27301553	723	743	population structure	T102	C0598617
27301553	752	761	gene flow	T045	C1565556
27301553	772	780	parasite	T204	C0030498
27301553	781	791	population	T078	C0441833
27301553	795	803	Cambodia	T083	C0006797
27301553	849	852	PCR	T063	C0032520
27301553	855	862	LDR-FMA	T059	C0005507
27301553	881	899	LUMINEX technology	T059	C0005507
27301553	928	943	genetic barcode	T087	C2936548
27301553	951	964	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27301553	996	1010	health centres	T073,T093	C0475309
27301553	1014	1021	malaria	T047	C0024530
27301553	1022	1030	endemics	T169	C0243130
27301553	1040	1048	Cambodia	T083	C0006797
27301553	1070	1076	typing	T059	C0005844
27301553	1084	1091	samples	T031	C0178913
27301553	1093	1107	subpopulations	T078	C0441833
27301553	1152	1159	country	T083	C0454664
27301553	1166	1181	11-loci barcode	T087	C2936548
27301553	1191	1199	evidence	T078	C3887511
27301553	1211	1217	allele	T028	C0002085
27301553	1218	1230	distribution	T169	C1704711
27301553	1231	1239	gradient	T081	C0812409
27301553	1251	1265	subpopulations	T078	C0441833
27301553	1270	1279	gene flow	T045	C1565556
27301553	1285	1300	11-loci barcode	T087	C2936548
27301553	1343	1351	parasite	T204	C0030498
27301553	1352	1366	subpopulations	T078	C0441833
27301553	1370	1386	western Cambodia	T083	C0006797
27301553	1396	1406	associated	T080	C0332281
27301553	1416	1437	C580Y dominant allele	T028	C0683222
27301553	1442	1453	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
27301553	1454	1464	resistance	T038	C0013203
27301553	1468	1476	k13 gene	T028	C0017337
27301553	1480	1493	subpopulation	T078	C0441833
27301553	1512	1529	northern Cambodia	T083	C0006797
27301553	1539	1549	associated	T080	C0332281
27301553	1553	1564	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
27301553	1566	1588	R539T resistant allele	T028	C0002085
27301553	1592	1600	k13 gene	T028	C0017337
27301553	1606	1616	mefloquine	T109,T121	C0025153
27301553	1617	1627	resistance	T038	C0013203
27301553	1633	1642	gene flow	T045	C1565556
27301553	1657	1671	subpopulations	T078	C0441833
27301553	1704	1715	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
27301553	1716	1726	resistance	T038	C0013203
27301553	1732	1740	Cambodia	T083	C0006797

27301681|t|Sequence-specific DNA binding by long hairpin pyrrole-imidazole polyamides containing an 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid unit
27301681|a|With the aim of improving aqueous solubility, we designed and synthesized five N-methylpyrrole (Py)-N-methylimidazole (Im) polyamides capable of recognizing 9-bp sequences. Their DNA-binding affinities and sequence specificities were evaluated by SPR and Bind-n-Seq analyses. The design of polyamide 1 was based on a conventional model, with three consecutive Py or Im rings separated by a β-alanine to match the curvature and twist of long DNA helices. Polyamides 2 and 3 contained an 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid (AO) unit, which has previously only been used as a linker within linear Py-Im polyamides or between Py - Im hairpin motifs for tandem hairpin. It is demonstrated herein that AO also functions as a linker element that can extend to 2-bp in hairpin motifs. Notably, although the AO -containing unit can fail to bind the expected sequence, polyamide 4, which has two AO units facing each other in a hairpin form, successfully showed the expected motif and a KD value of 16nM was recorded. Polyamide 5, containing a β-alanine-β-alanine unit instead of the AO of polyamide 2, was synthesized for comparison. The aqueous solubilities and nuclear localization of three of the polyamides were also examined. The results suggest the possibility of applying the AO unit in the core of Py-Im polyamide compounds.
27301681	0	29	Sequence-specific DNA binding	T045	C1624609
27301681	33	45	long hairpin	T104	C1254350
27301681	46	74	pyrrole-imidazole polyamides	T109	C0029224
27301681	89	119	8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid	T109	C0029224
27301681	151	169	aqueous solubility	T081	C0597682
27301681	174	182	designed	T052	C1707689
27301681	187	198	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27301681	204	258	N-methylpyrrole (Py)-N-methylimidazole (Im) polyamides	T109	C0029224
27301681	282	296	9-bp sequences	T086	C0004793
27301681	304	315	DNA-binding	T045	C1148673
27301681	316	326	affinities	T070	C1510827
27301681	331	339	sequence	T086	C0004793
27301681	340	353	specificities	T081	C0037791
27301681	372	375	SPR	T063	C0597731
27301681	380	399	Bind-n-Seq analyses	T062	C0936012
27301681	405	411	design	T052	C1707689
27301681	415	426	polyamide 1	T109	C0029224
27301681	455	460	model	T170	C3161035
27301681	485	487	Py	T109	C0383659
27301681	491	493	Im	T109	C0044472
27301681	515	524	β-alanine	T116,T121,T123	C0000392
27301681	552	557	twist	T082	C0231467
27301681	566	569	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27301681	570	577	helices	T082	C1254362
27301681	579	597	Polyamides 2 and 3	T109	C0029224
27301681	611	641	8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctanoic acid	T109	C0029224
27301681	643	645	AO	T109	C0029224
27301681	694	700	linker	T109	C0029224
27301681	715	731	Py-Im polyamides	T109	C0029224
27301681	743	745	Py	T109	C0383659
27301681	743	765	Py - Im hairpin motifs	T104	C1254350
27301681	748	750	Im	T109	C0044472
27301681	770	784	tandem hairpin	T104	C1254350
27301681	817	819	AO	T109	C0029224
27301681	840	854	linker element	T109	C0029224
27301681	874	878	2-bp	T086	C0004793
27301681	882	896	hairpin motifs	T104	C1254350
27301681	920	922	AO	T109	C0029224
27301681	944	948	fail	T169	C0231175
27301681	952	956	bind	T052	C1145667
27301681	970	978	sequence	T086	C0004793
27301681	980	991	polyamide 4	T109	C0029224
27301681	1007	1009	AO	T109	C0029224
27301681	1039	1051	hairpin form	T082	C1254362
27301681	1086	1091	motif	T082	C1254362
27301681	1098	1106	KD value	T081	C0392762
27301681	1129	1140	Polyamide 5	T109	C0029224
27301681	1155	1174	β-alanine-β-alanine	T116,T121,T123	C0000392
27301681	1195	1197	AO	T109	C0029224
27301681	1201	1212	polyamide 2	T109	C0029224
27301681	1218	1229	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27301681	1234	1244	comparison	T052	C1707455
27301681	1250	1270	aqueous solubilities	T081	C0597682
27301681	1275	1295	nuclear localization	T038	C1659087
27301681	1312	1322	polyamides	T109	C0029224
27301681	1347	1354	results	T169	C1274040
27301681	1395	1397	AO	T109	C0029224
27301681	1410	1414	core	T082	C0444669
27301681	1418	1443	Py-Im polyamide compounds	T109	C0029224

27301853|t|Mining Health App Data to Find More and Less Successful Weight Loss Subgroups
27301853|a|More than half of all smartphone app downloads involve weight, diet, and exercise. If successful, these lifestyle apps may have far-reaching effects for disease prevention and health cost-savings, but few researchers have analyzed data from these apps. The purposes of this study were to analyze data from a commercial health app (Lose It!) in order to identify successful weight loss subgroups via exploratory analyses and to verify the stability of the results. Cross-sectional, de-identified data from Lose It! were analyzed. This dataset (n=12,427,196) was randomly split into 24 subsamples, and this study used 3 subsamples (combined n=972,687). Classification and regression tree methods were used to explore groupings of weight loss with one subsample, with descriptive analyses to examine other group characteristics. Data mining validation methods were conducted with 2 additional subsamples. In subsample 1, 14.96% of users lost 5% or more of their starting body weight. Classification and regression tree analysis identified 3 distinct subgroups: "the occasional users " had the lowest proportion (4.87%) of individuals who successfully lost weight; "the basic users " had 37.61% weight loss success; and "the power users " achieved the highest percentage of weight loss success at 72.70%. Behavioral factors delineated the subgroups, though app -related behavioral characteristics further distinguished them. Results were replicated in further analyses with separate subsamples. This study demonstrates that distinct subgroups can be identified in "messy" commercial app data and the identified subgroups can be replicated in independent samples. Behavioral factors and use of custom app features characterized the subgroups. Targeting and tailoring information to particular subgroups could enhance weight loss success. Future studies should replicate data mining analyses to increase methodology rigor.
27301853	0	6	Mining	T066	C1328866
27301853	7	17	Health App	T170	C3658280
27301853	18	22	Data	T078	C1511726
27301853	45	55	Successful	T080	C1272703
27301853	56	67	Weight Loss	T033	C1262477
27301853	100	114	smartphone app	T170	C3658310
27301853	133	139	weight	T032	C0005910
27301853	141	146	diet,	T168	C0012155
27301853	151	159	exercise	T056	C0015259
27301853	182	191	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27301853	192	196	apps	T170	C3658280
27301853	219	226	effects	T080	C1280500
27301853	231	249	disease prevention	T061	C0679698
27301853	254	260	health	T081	C0085552
27301853	261	273	cost-savings	T081	C0085550
27301853	283	294	researchers	T097	C0035173
27301853	309	313	data	T078	C1511726
27301853	325	329	apps	T170	C3658280
27301853	335	357	purposes of this study	UnknownType	C0681832
27301853	374	378	data	T078	C1511726
27301853	386	407	commercial health app	T170	C3658280
27301853	409	417	Lose It!	T170	C3658280
27301853	440	462	successful weight loss	T033	C1262477
27301853	463	472	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27301853	477	497	exploratory analyses	T062	C0936012
27301853	516	525	stability	T080	C0205360
27301853	533	540	results	T169	C1274040
27301853	542	557	Cross-sectional	T078	C1511726
27301853	573	577	data	T078	C1511726
27301853	583	591	Lose It!	T170	C3658280
27301853	612	619	dataset	T170	C0150098
27301853	662	672	subsamples	T081	C0871429
27301853	696	706	subsamples	T081	C0871429
27301853	729	743	Classification	T185	C0008902
27301853	748	771	regression tree methods	T170	C0034980
27301853	793	802	groupings	T169	C1522242
27301853	806	817	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27301853	827	836	subsample	T081	C0871429
27301853	843	863	descriptive analyses	T062	C0936012
27301853	881	886	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27301853	887	902	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27301853	904	915	Data mining	T066	C1328866
27301853	916	934	validation methods	T170	C0025663
27301853	968	978	subsamples	T081	C0871429
27301853	983	992	subsample	T081	C0871429
27301853	1006	1011	users	T098	C1706077
27301853	1012	1016	lost	T033	C1262477
27301853	1046	1057	body weight	T032	C0005910
27301853	1059	1073	Classification	T185	C0008902
27301853	1078	1102	regression tree analysis	T170	C0034980
27301853	1125	1134	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27301853	1141	1151	occasional	T079	C0521114
27301853	1152	1157	users	T098	C1706077
27301853	1168	1174	lowest	T080	C1708760
27301853	1197	1208	individuals	T098	C0027361
27301853	1226	1237	lost weight	T033	C1262477
27301853	1250	1255	users	T098	C1706077
27301853	1269	1280	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27301853	1299	1310	power users	T098	C1706077
27301853	1326	1333	highest	T080	C1522410
27301853	1348	1367	weight loss success	T033	C1262477
27301853	1379	1389	Behavioral	T053	C0004927
27301853	1390	1397	factors	T080	C1521970
27301853	1413	1422	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27301853	1431	1434	app	T170	C3658280
27301853	1444	1454	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27301853	1455	1470	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27301853	1499	1506	Results	T169	C1274040
27301853	1512	1522	replicated	T169	C0205173
27301853	1534	1542	analyses	T062	C0936012
27301853	1557	1567	subsamples	T081	C0871429
27301853	1574	1579	study	T062	C2603343
27301853	1607	1616	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27301853	1646	1660	commercial app	T170	C3658280
27301853	1661	1665	data	T078	C1511726
27301853	1685	1694	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27301853	1702	1712	replicated	T169	C0205173
27301853	1737	1747	Behavioral	T053	C0004927
27301853	1748	1755	factors	T080	C1521970
27301853	1760	1766	use of	T169	C1524063
27301853	1774	1777	app	T170	C3658280
27301853	1778	1786	features	T080	C2348519
27301853	1805	1814	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27301853	1840	1851	information	T078	C1533716
27301853	1866	1875	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27301853	1890	1909	weight loss success	T052	C4042910
27301853	1918	1925	studies	T062	C2603343
27301853	1933	1942	replicate	T169	C0205173
27301853	1943	1954	data mining	T066	C1328866
27301853	1955	1963	analyses	T062	C0936012

27301949|t|Recognising and responding to ' cutting corners ' when providing nursing care: a qualitative study
27301949|a|The aim of this study is to report on a key finding of a larger study investigating the ' gaps ' in patient care that registered nurses encounter during the course of their practice. A key finding of this larger study was that ' cutting corners ' was a gap discerned by nurses. ' Cutting corners ' has been characterised as a ' violation ' and threat to patient safety, although there is a paucity of research on this issue. Naturalistic inquiry using a qualitative exploratory descriptive approach. Data were collected from a purposeful sample of 71 registered nurses from emergency department, critical care, perioperative, rehabilitation and transitional care and neurosciences settings in Australia and analysed using content and thematic analysis strategies. Cutting corners was a common practice that encompassed (1) the partial or complete omission of patient care, (2) delays in providing care and (3) the failure to do things correctly. Corners were cut in patient assessment, essential nursing care, the care of central venous catheters and medication administration. The practice of cutting corners was perceived as contributing to preventable adverse events. The study found that cutting corners created gaps that contributed to unfinished nursing care and preventable adverse events. The findings of the study raise the possibility that cutting corners is a salient but underinvestigated characteristic of nursing practice. Further research and inquiry are needed to deepen understanding of cutting corners and its impact on patient safety. Identifying the nature and implications of cutting corners when providing nursing care is an important contributing factor to improving patient safety and quality care.
27301949	0	11	Recognising	T041	C0524637
27301949	16	26	responding	T041	C2911692
27301949	32	47	cutting corners	T055	C0679123
27301949	65	77	nursing care	T058	C0028682
27301949	81	98	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
27301949	115	120	study	T062	C2603343
27301949	143	150	finding	T033	C0243095
27301949	156	168	larger study	T062	C2603343
27301949	189	193	gaps	T082	C3887622
27301949	199	211	patient care	T058	C0017313
27301949	217	234	registered nurses	T097	C0028661
27301949	272	280	practice	T057	C0033284
27301949	288	295	finding	T033	C0243095
27301949	304	316	larger study	T062	C2603343
27301949	328	343	cutting corners	T055	C0679123
27301949	352	355	gap	T082	C3887622
27301949	369	375	nurses	T097	C0028661
27301949	379	394	Cutting corners	T055	C0679123
27301949	427	436	violation	UnknownType	C0680467
27301949	443	449	threat	T078	C0749385
27301949	453	467	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27301949	500	508	research	T062	C0035168
27301949	524	544	Naturalistic inquiry	T062	C0935561
27301949	553	597	qualitative exploratory descriptive approach	T082	C0449445
27301949	599	603	Data	T078	C1511726
27301949	650	667	registered nurses	T097	C0028661
27301949	673	693	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27301949	695	708	critical care	T058	C0010337
27301949	710	723	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27301949	725	739	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27301949	744	761	transitional care	T058	C4019071
27301949	766	788	neurosciences settings	T062	C1518301
27301949	792	801	Australia	T083	C0004340
27301949	821	828	content	T062	C0681915
27301949	833	850	thematic analysis	T062	C0936012
27301949	863	878	Cutting corners	T055	C0679123
27301949	892	900	practice	T057	C0033284
27301949	946	954	omission	T033	C3845736
27301949	958	970	patient care	T058	C0017313
27301949	976	982	delays	T079	C0205421
27301949	986	1000	providing care	T058	C1276770
27301949	1013	1020	failure	T055	C0680095
27301949	1045	1052	Corners	T055	C0679123
27301949	1065	1072	patient	T101	C0030705
27301949	1073	1083	assessment	T058	C0220825
27301949	1095	1107	nursing care	T058	C0028682
27301949	1113	1145	care of central venous catheters	T058	C3164597
27301949	1150	1175	medication administration	T058	C3469597
27301949	1181	1189	practice	T057	C0033284
27301949	1193	1208	cutting corners	T055	C0679123
27301949	1242	1253	preventable	T033	C1299581
27301949	1254	1268	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27301949	1274	1279	study	T062	C2603343
27301949	1291	1306	cutting corners	T055	C0679123
27301949	1315	1319	gaps	T082	C3887622
27301949	1351	1363	nursing care	T058	C0028682
27301949	1368	1379	preventable	T033	C1299581
27301949	1380	1394	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27301949	1400	1408	findings	T033	C0243095
27301949	1416	1421	study	T062	C2603343
27301949	1449	1464	cutting corners	T055	C0679123
27301949	1518	1534	nursing practice	T058	C0028687
27301949	1544	1552	research	T062	C0035168
27301949	1557	1564	inquiry	T052	C2987583
27301949	1603	1618	cutting corners	T055	C0679123
27301949	1627	1633	impact	T080	C4049986
27301949	1637	1651	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27301949	1680	1692	implications	T033	C0243095
27301949	1696	1711	cutting corners	T055	C0679123
27301949	1727	1739	nursing care	T058	C0028682
27301949	1789	1803	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27301949	1808	1820	quality care	T058	C0034379

27303047|t|The PP - motif in luminal loop 2 of ZnT transporters plays a pivotal role in TNAP activation
27303047|a|Secretory and membrane - bound zinc -requiring enzymes are thought to be activated by binding zinc in the early secretory pathway. One such enzyme, tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP), is activated through a two-step mechanism, via protein stabilization and subsequent enzyme activation through metalation, by ZnT5 - ZnT6 heterodimers or ZnT7 homodimers. However, little is known about the molecular basis underlying the activation process. In the present study, we found that the di-proline motif (PP - motif) in luminal loop 2 of ZnT5 and ZnT7 is important for TNAP activation. TNAP activity was significantly reduced in cells lacking ZnT5 - ZnT6 heterodimers and ZnT7 homodimers [triple knockout (TKO) cells]. The decreased TNAP activity was restored by expressing hZnT5 with hZnT6 or hZnT7, but significantly less so (almost 90% less) by expressing mutants thereof in which the PP - motif was mutated to alanine (PP - AA). In TKO cells, overexpressed hTNAP was not completely activated, and it was converted less efficiently into the holo form by expressing a PP - AA mutant of hZnT5 with hZnT6, whose defects were not restored by zinc supplementation. The zinc transport activity of hZnT7 was not significantly impaired by the PP - AA mutation, indicating that the PP - motif is involved in the TNAP maturation process, although it does not control zinc transport activity. The PP - motif is highly conserved in ZnT5 and ZnT7 orthologues, and its importance for TNAP activation is conserved in the Caenorhabditis elegans hZnT5 orthologue CDF5. These results provide novel molecular insights into the TNAP activation process in the early secretory pathway.
27303047	4	6	PP	T116,T123	C0033382
27303047	9	14	motif	T082	C0752190
27303047	18	25	luminal	T082	C0524462
27303047	26	30	loop	T082	C0445022
27303047	36	52	ZnT transporters	T116,T123	C1608304
27303047	77	81	TNAP	T116,T126	C2932888
27303047	82	92	activation	T044	C0014429
27303047	93	102	Secretory	T116,T123	C0597427
27303047	107	115	membrane	T026	C0596901
27303047	118	123	bound	T082	C0332297
27303047	124	128	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27303047	140	147	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27303047	166	175	activated	T044	C0014429
27303047	179	186	binding	T044	C1167622
27303047	187	191	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27303047	199	204	early	T079	C1279919
27303047	205	222	secretory pathway	T043	C1159342
27303047	233	239	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27303047	241	281	tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase	T116,T126	C2932888
27303047	283	287	TNAP	T116,T126	C2932888
27303047	293	302	activated	T044	C0014429
27303047	322	331	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27303047	337	358	protein stabilization	T044	C1327386
27303047	374	391	enzyme activation	T044	C0014429
27303047	400	410	metalation	T070	C1254365
27303047	415	419	ZnT5	T116,T123	C1137616
27303047	422	426	ZnT6	T116,T123	C1620226
27303047	427	439	heterodimers	T116,T123	C1608304
27303047	443	447	ZnT7	T116	C1175058
27303047	448	458	homodimers	T116,T123	C1608304
27303047	479	484	known	T080	C0205309
27303047	495	510	molecular basis	T078	C1853126
27303047	526	536	activation	T044	C0014429
27303047	537	544	process	T067	C1522240
27303047	561	566	study	T062	C2603343
27303047	586	596	di-proline	T116,T123	C0033382
27303047	597	602	motif	T082	C0752190
27303047	604	606	PP	T116,T123	C0033382
27303047	609	614	motif	T082	C0752190
27303047	619	626	luminal	T082	C0524462
27303047	627	631	loop	T082	C0445022
27303047	637	641	ZnT5	T116,T123	C1137616
27303047	646	650	ZnT7	T116	C1175058
27303047	668	672	TNAP	T116,T126	C2932888
27303047	673	683	activation	T044	C0014429
27303047	685	689	TNAP	T116,T126	C2932888
27303047	690	698	activity	T044	C0014429
27303047	703	724	significantly reduced	T081	C4055638
27303047	728	733	cells	T025	C0007634
27303047	734	741	lacking	T080	C0332268
27303047	742	746	ZnT5	T116,T123	C1137616
27303047	749	753	ZnT6	T116,T123	C1620226
27303047	754	766	heterodimers	T116,T123	C1608304
27303047	771	775	ZnT7	T116	C1175058
27303047	776	786	homodimers	T116,T123	C1608304
27303047	810	815	cells	T025	C0007634
27303047	822	831	decreased	T081	C0205216
27303047	832	836	TNAP	T116,T126	C2932888
27303047	837	845	activity	T044	C0243102
27303047	862	872	expressing	T045	C0017262
27303047	873	878	hZnT5	T028	C1426005
27303047	884	889	hZnT6	T028	C1426152
27303047	893	898	hZnT7	T028	C1426153
27303047	904	922	significantly less	T081	C4055638
27303047	947	957	expressing	T045	C0017262
27303047	958	965	mutants	T049	C0596988
27303047	987	989	PP	T116,T123	C0033382
27303047	992	997	motif	T082	C0752190
27303047	1002	1009	mutated	T045	C1513776
27303047	1013	1020	alanine	T116,T123	C0001898
27303047	1022	1024	PP	T116,T123	C0033382
27303047	1027	1029	AA	T116,T123	C0001898
27303047	1039	1044	cells	T025	C0007634
27303047	1046	1059	overexpressed	T045	C0017262
27303047	1060	1065	hTNAP	T116,T126	C2932888
27303047	1085	1094	activated	T044	C0014429
27303047	1107	1116	converted	T169	C0439836
27303047	1122	1133	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27303047	1156	1166	expressing	T045	C0017262
27303047	1169	1171	PP	T116,T123	C0033382
27303047	1174	1176	AA	T116,T123	C0001898
27303047	1177	1183	mutant	T049	C0596988
27303047	1187	1192	hZnT5	T028	C1426005
27303047	1198	1203	hZnT6	T028	C1426152
27303047	1211	1218	defects	T169	C1457869
27303047	1228	1236	restored	T061	C1283255
27303047	1240	1244	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27303047	1245	1260	supplementation	T061	C1384599
27303047	1266	1280	zinc transport	T043	C1159683
27303047	1281	1289	activity	T044	C1537044
27303047	1293	1298	hZnT7	T028	C1426153
27303047	1303	1320	not significantly	T033	C1273937
27303047	1321	1329	impaired	T169	C0221099
27303047	1337	1339	PP	T116,T123	C0033382
27303047	1342	1344	AA	T116,T123	C0001898
27303047	1345	1353	mutation	T045	C0026882
27303047	1375	1377	PP	T116,T123	C0033382
27303047	1380	1385	motif	T082	C0752190
27303047	1405	1409	TNAP	T116,T126	C2932888
27303047	1410	1420	maturation	T043	C1660003
27303047	1421	1428	process	T067	C1522240
27303047	1451	1458	control	T169	C2587213
27303047	1459	1473	zinc transport	T043	C1159683
27303047	1474	1482	activity	T044	C0243102
27303047	1488	1490	PP	T116,T123	C0033382
27303047	1493	1498	motif	T082	C0752190
27303047	1502	1518	highly conserved	T080	C1299395
27303047	1522	1526	ZnT5	T116,T123	C1137616
27303047	1531	1535	ZnT7	T116	C1175058
27303047	1536	1547	orthologues	T080	C1709346
27303047	1572	1576	TNAP	T116,T126	C2932888
27303047	1577	1587	activation	T044	C0014429
27303047	1608	1630	Caenorhabditis elegans	T204	C0162610
27303047	1631	1636	hZnT5	T116,T123	C1137616
27303047	1637	1647	orthologue	T080	C1709346
27303047	1648	1652	CDF5	T004	C3972243
27303047	1660	1667	results	T169	C1274040
27303047	1682	1691	molecular	T080	C1521991
27303047	1710	1714	TNAP	T116,T126	C2932888
27303047	1715	1725	activation	T044	C0014429
27303047	1726	1733	process	T067	C1522240
27303047	1741	1746	early	T079	C1279919
27303047	1747	1764	secretory pathway	T043	C1159342

27303795|t|Novel protein - inhibitor interactions in site 3 of Ca(2+)-bound S100B as discovered by X-ray crystallography
27303795|a|Structure-based drug discovery is under way to identify and develop small-molecule S100B inhibitors (SBiXs). Such inhibitors have therapeutic potential for treating malignant melanoma, since high levels of S100B downregulate wild-type p53 tumor suppressor function in this cancer. Computational and X-ray crystallographic studies of two S100B - SBiX complexes are described, and both compounds (apomorphine hydrochloride and ethidium bromide) occupy an area of the S100B hydrophobic cleft which is termed site 3. These data also reveal novel protein - inhibitor interactions which can be used in future drug-design studies to improve SBiX affinity and specificity. Of particular interest, apomorphine hydrochloride showed S100B -dependent killing in melanoma cell assays, although the efficacy exceeds its affinity for S100B and implicates possible off-target contributions. Because there are no structural data available for compounds occupying site 3 alone, these studies contribute towards the structure-based approach to targeting S100B by including interactions with residues in site 3 of S100B.
27303795	0	5	Novel	T080	C0205314
27303795	6	13	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27303795	16	25	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27303795	26	38	interactions	T169	C1704675
27303795	42	70	site 3 of Ca(2+)-bound S100B	T116,T123	C3658228
27303795	74	84	discovered	T052	C1880355
27303795	88	109	X-ray crystallography	T059	C0206755
27303795	110	140	Structure-based drug discovery	T062	C0920472
27303795	178	192	small-molecule	T109	C1328819
27303795	193	198	S100B	T116,T123	C3658228
27303795	199	209	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27303795	211	216	SBiXs	T120	C0243077
27303795	224	234	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27303795	240	251	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27303795	252	261	potential	T080	C3245505
27303795	266	274	treating	T169	C1522326
27303795	275	293	malignant melanoma	T191	C0025202
27303795	316	321	S100B	T116,T123	C3658228
27303795	322	334	downregulate	T044	C0013081
27303795	335	348	wild-type p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27303795	349	374	tumor suppressor function	T043	C1325410
27303795	383	389	cancer	T191	C0025202
27303795	391	404	Computational	T059	C4297010
27303795	409	439	X-ray crystallographic studies	T059	C0206755
27303795	447	452	S100B	T116,T123	C3658228
27303795	455	459	SBiX	T120	C0243077
27303795	460	469	complexes	T104	C1704241
27303795	494	503	compounds	T080	C0205198
27303795	505	530	apomorphine hydrochloride	T109,T121	C0237406
27303795	535	551	ethidium bromide	T109,T121	C0019873
27303795	575	580	S100B	T116,T123	C3658228
27303795	581	592	hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
27303795	593	598	cleft	T082	C0205242
27303795	615	621	site 3	T082	C0205675
27303795	629	633	data	T078	C1511726
27303795	652	659	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27303795	662	671	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27303795	672	684	interactions	T169	C1704675
27303795	713	732	drug-design studies	T090	C0013171
27303795	736	743	improve	T033	C0184511
27303795	744	748	SBiX	T120	C0243077
27303795	749	757	affinity	T070	C1510827
27303795	762	773	specificity	T081	C0037791
27303795	799	824	apomorphine hydrochloride	T109,T121	C0237406
27303795	832	837	S100B	T116,T123	C3658228
27303795	849	856	killing	T043	C0599733
27303795	860	873	melanoma cell	T025	C1513095
27303795	874	880	assays	T059	C1510438
27303795	895	903	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27303795	916	924	affinity	T070	C1510827
27303795	929	934	S100B	T116,T123	C3658228
27303795	1006	1021	structural data	T078	C1511726
27303795	1036	1045	compounds	T080	C0205198
27303795	1056	1062	site 3	T082	C0205675
27303795	1076	1083	studies	T062	C2603343
27303795	1145	1150	S100B	T116,T123	C3658228
27303795	1164	1176	interactions	T169	C1704675
27303795	1182	1190	residues	T077	C1709915
27303795	1194	1200	site 3	T082	C0205675
27303795	1204	1209	S100B	T116,T123	C3658228

27303808|t|Ownership and Agency of an Independent Supernumerary Hand Induced by an Imitation Brain-Computer Interface
27303808|a|To study body ownership and control, illusions that elicit these feelings in non-body objects are widely used. Classically introduced with the Rubber Hand Illusion, these illusions have been replicated more recently in virtual reality and by using brain-computer interfaces. Traditionally these illusions investigate the replacement of a body part by an artificial counterpart, however as brain-computer interface research develops it offers us the possibility to explore the case where non-body objects are controlled in addition to movements of our own limbs. Therefore we propose a new illusion designed to test the feeling of ownership and control of an independent supernumerary hand. Subjects are under the impression they control a virtual reality hand via a brain-computer interface, but in reality there is no causal connection between brain activity and virtual hand movement but correct movements are observed with 80% probability. These imitation brain-computer interface trials are interspersed with movements in both the subjects ' real hands, which are in view throughout the experiment. We show that subjects develop strong feelings of ownership and control over the third hand, despite only receiving visual feedback with no causal link to the actual brain signals. Our illusion is crucially different from previously reported studies as we demonstrate independent ownership and control of the third hand without loss of ownership in the real hands.
27303808	0	9	Ownership	T081	C0029981
27303808	14	20	Agency	T092	C0237463
27303808	27	38	Independent	T033	C1299583
27303808	27	57	Independent Supernumerary Hand	T073	C3273359
27303808	39	52	Supernumerary	T081	C1883702
27303808	58	65	Induced	T169	C0205263
27303808	72	106	Imitation Brain-Computer Interface	T074	C3494288
27303808	116	120	body	T017	C1268086
27303808	121	130	ownership	T081	C0029981
27303808	135	142	control	T169	C2587213
27303808	144	153	illusions	T048	C0020903
27303808	172	180	feelings	T041	C1527305
27303808	184	200	non-body objects	T073	C3273359
27303808	250	261	Rubber Hand	T073	C3273359
27303808	250	270	Rubber Hand Illusion	T048	C0020903
27303808	278	287	illusions	T048	C0020903
27303808	298	308	replicated	T080	C1883725
27303808	326	341	virtual reality	T066	C0871582
27303808	355	380	brain-computer interfaces	T074	C3494288
27303808	402	411	illusions	T048	C0020903
27303808	412	423	investigate	T169	C1292732
27303808	428	439	replacement	T169	C0559956
27303808	445	454	body part	T023	C0229962
27303808	461	483	artificial counterpart	T074	C0336559
27303808	496	520	brain-computer interface	T074	C3494288
27303808	521	529	research	T062	C0035168
27303808	594	610	non-body objects	T073	C3273359
27303808	615	625	controlled	T169	C2587213
27303808	641	667	movements of our own limbs	T040	C0596840
27303808	696	704	illusion	T048	C0020903
27303808	726	733	feeling	T041	C1527305
27303808	737	746	ownership	T081	C0029981
27303808	751	758	control	T169	C2587213
27303808	765	795	independent supernumerary hand	T073	C3273359
27303808	797	805	Subjects	T098	C2349001
27303808	836	843	control	T169	C2587213
27303808	846	866	virtual reality hand	T073	C3273359
27303808	873	897	brain-computer interface	T074	C3494288
27303808	906	913	reality	T078	C0871222
27303808	926	943	causal connection	T080	C0205556
27303808	952	966	brain activity	T039	C0443158
27303808	971	992	virtual hand movement	T169	C0205245
27303808	1005	1014	movements	T040	C0026649
27303808	1037	1048	probability	T081	C0033204
27303808	1056	1090	imitation brain-computer interface	T074	C3494288
27303808	1056	1097	imitation brain-computer interface trials	T062	C0681815
27303808	1120	1129	movements	T040	C0026649
27303808	1142	1150	subjects	T098	C2349001
27303808	1153	1163	real hands	T023	C0018563
27303808	1198	1208	experiment	T062	C0681814
27303808	1223	1231	subjects	T098	C2349001
27303808	1240	1255	strong feelings	T041	C1527305
27303808	1259	1268	ownership	T081	C0029981
27303808	1273	1280	control	T169	C2587213
27303808	1290	1300	third hand	T073	C3273359
27303808	1325	1340	visual feedback	T041	C2936181
27303808	1349	1360	causal link	T080	C0205556
27303808	1375	1380	brain	T023	C0006104
27303808	1381	1388	signals	T067	C1710082
27303808	1394	1402	illusion	T048	C0020903
27303808	1477	1488	independent	T033	C1299583
27303808	1489	1498	ownership	T081	C0029981
27303808	1503	1510	control	T169	C2587213
27303808	1518	1528	third hand	T073	C3273359
27303808	1545	1554	ownership	T081	C0029981
27303808	1562	1572	real hands	T023	C0018563

27304655|t|Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy may affect fetal thymus development
27304655|a|The aim of our study was to evaluate the association of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during pregnancy with thymus size in full-term fetuses. In this prospective study, we evaluated mid-pregnancy serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations. The fetal thymus size was measured by ultrasound in the third trimester. Neonatal 25(OH)D3 levels were evaluated by umbilical cord blood sampling. Correlation of maternal and neonatal vitamin D levels and association between thymus size and both, maternal and neonatal vitamin D concentrations were investigated. Serum 25(OH) D3 concentrations were within the normal range in 48 (29.8%) mothers and 10 (13.1%) new-borns. A strong correlation between mid-pregnancy maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D3 concentration (r = 0.8, p < 0.001) was found. A significant linear correlation was observed between both, maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D3 concentrations and thymus perimeter length (r = 0.45, p = 0.04 and r = 0.43, p < 0.01, respectively). Both, maternal and fetal VDDs were associated with decreased thymus perimeter (p = 0.04, p = 0.03). Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy may be associated with smaller fetal thymus. Our data suggest that VDD in pregnancy may lead to systemic inflammatory response in the fetus.
27304655	0	20	Vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
27304655	24	33	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27304655	45	50	fetal	T018	C0015965
27304655	51	57	thymus	T023	C0040113
27304655	85	90	study	T062	C2603343
27304655	98	106	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27304655	111	122	association	T080	C0439849
27304655	126	146	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
27304655	148	151	VDD	T047	C0042870
27304655	153	159	during	T079	C0347984
27304655	160	169	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27304655	175	181	thymus	T023	C0040113
27304655	182	186	size	T082	C0456389
27304655	239	248	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27304655	249	262	mid-pregnancy	T079	C1254367
27304655	269	315	25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) concentrations	T059	C0428586
27304655	321	326	fetal	T018	C0015965
27304655	327	333	thymus	T023	C0040113
27304655	334	338	size	T082	C0456389
27304655	343	351	measured	T080	C0444706
27304655	355	365	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27304655	373	388	third trimester	T079	C0032981
27304655	390	398	Neonatal	T079	C2939425
27304655	399	414	25(OH)D3 levels	T059	C0428586
27304655	420	429	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27304655	433	447	umbilical cord	T018	C0041633
27304655	448	462	blood sampling	T060	C0419350
27304655	464	475	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27304655	479	487	maternal	T033	C1858460
27304655	492	500	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27304655	501	517	vitamin D levels	T059	C0428586
27304655	522	533	association	T080	C0439849
27304655	542	548	thymus	T023	C0040113
27304655	549	553	size	T082	C0456389
27304655	564	572	maternal	T033	C1858460
27304655	577	585	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27304655	586	610	vitamin D concentrations	T059	C0428586
27304655	616	628	investigated	T169	C1292732
27304655	630	660	Serum 25(OH) D3 concentrations	T059	C0428586
27304655	677	689	normal range	T081	C0086715
27304655	704	711	mothers	T099	C0026591
27304655	727	736	new-borns	T100	C0021289
27304655	747	758	correlation	T080	C1707520
27304655	767	780	mid-pregnancy	T079	C1254367
27304655	781	789	maternal	T033	C1858460
27304655	794	802	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27304655	803	825	25(OH)D3 concentration	T059	C0428586
27304655	860	871	significant	T078	C0750502
27304655	872	878	linear	T082	C0205132
27304655	879	890	correlation	T080	C1707520
27304655	918	926	maternal	T033	C1858460
27304655	931	939	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27304655	940	963	25(OH)D3 concentrations	T059	C0428586
27304655	968	974	thymus	T023	C0040113
27304655	975	984	perimeter	T081	C0392762
27304655	985	991	length	T081	C1444754
27304655	1057	1065	maternal	T033	C1858460
27304655	1070	1075	fetal	T018	C0015965
27304655	1076	1080	VDDs	T047	C0042870
27304655	1086	1101	associated with	T080	C0332281
27304655	1102	1111	decreased	T081	C0205216
27304655	1112	1118	thymus	T023	C0040113
27304655	1119	1128	perimeter	T081	C0392762
27304655	1151	1171	Vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
27304655	1172	1178	during	T079	C0347984
27304655	1179	1188	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27304655	1196	1211	associated with	T080	C0332281
27304655	1220	1225	fetal	T018	C0015965
27304655	1226	1232	thymus	T023	C0040113
27304655	1256	1259	VDD	T047	C0042870
27304655	1263	1272	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27304655	1285	1315	systemic inflammatory response	T047	C0242966
27304655	1323	1328	fetus	T018	C0015965

27304832|t|Causes of Death among Children Aged 5 to 14 Years Old from 2008 to 2013 in Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Kersa HDSS), Ethiopia
27304832|a|The global burden of mortality among children is still very huge though its trend has started declining following the improvements in the living standard. It presents serious challenges to the well-being of children in many African countries. Today, Sub-Saharan Africa alone accounts for about 50% of global child mortality. The overall objective of this study was to determine the magnitude and distribution of causes of death among children aged 5 to 14 year olds in the population of Kersa HDSS using verbal autopsy method for the period 2008 to 2013. Kersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Kersa HDSS) was established in September 2007. The center consists of 10 rural and 2 urban kebeles which were selected randomly from 38 kebeles in the district. Thus this study was conducted in Kersa HDSS and data was taken from Kersa HDSS database. The study population included all children aged 5 to 14 years registered during the period of 2008 to 2013 in Kersa HDSS using age specific VA questionnaires. Data were extracted from SPSS database and analyzed using STATA. A total of 229 deaths were recorded over the period of six years with a crude death rate of 219.6 per 100,000 population of this age group over the study period. This death rate was 217.5 and 221.5 per 100,000 populations for females and males, respectively. 75% of deaths took place at home. The study identified severe malnutrition (33.9%), intestinal infectious diseases (13.8%) and acute lower respiratory infections (9.2%) to be the three most leading causes of death. In broad causes of death classification, injuries have been found to be the second most cause of death next to communicable diseases (56.3%) attributing to 13.1% of the total deaths. In specific causes of death classification severe malnutrition, intestinal infectious diseases and acute lower respiratory infections were the three leading causes of death where, in broad causes of death communicable diseases and injuries were among the leading causes of death. Hence, concerned bodies should take measures to avert the situation of mortality from these causes of death and further inferential analysis into the prevention and management of infectious diseases should also be taken.
27304832	0	15	Causes of Death	T033	C0007465
27304832	22	30	Children	T100	C0008059
27304832	31	35	Aged	T032	C0001779
27304832	44	49	Years	T079	C1510829
27304832	50	53	Old	T079	C0580836
27304832	138	146	Ethiopia	T083	C0015024
27304832	168	192	mortality among children	T081	C0008083
27304832	223	228	trend	T079	C1521798
27304832	265	277	improvements	T077	C2986411
27304832	285	300	living standard	T081	C0080190
27304832	322	332	challenges	T058	C0805586
27304832	354	362	children	T100	C0008059
27304832	371	388	African countries	T083	C0454695
27304832	397	415	Sub-Saharan Africa	T083	C0001738
27304832	448	454	global	T080	C2348867
27304832	455	470	child mortality	T081	C0008083
27304832	484	493	objective	T170	C0018017
27304832	529	538	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27304832	543	555	distribution	T169	C1704711
27304832	559	574	causes of death	T033	C0007465
27304832	581	589	children	T100	C0008059
27304832	590	594	aged	T032	C0001779
27304832	620	630	population	T098	C1257890
27304832	651	657	verbal	T080	C0439824
27304832	658	665	autopsy	T060	C0004398
27304832	681	687	period	T079	C1948053
27304832	783	792	September	T079	C3828193
27304832	825	830	rural	T082	C0178837
27304832	837	842	urban	T082	C0178876
27304832	843	850	kebeles	T098	C1257890
27304832	888	895	kebeles	T098	C1257890
27304832	903	911	district	T083	C0001567
27304832	961	965	data	T078	C1511726
27304832	981	1000	Kersa HDSS database	T170	C0282574
27304832	1006	1011	study	T062	C2603343
27304832	1012	1022	population	T098	C1257890
27304832	1036	1044	children	T100	C0008059
27304832	1045	1049	aged	T032	C0001779
27304832	1086	1092	period	T079	C1948053
27304832	1129	1132	age	T032	C0001779
27304832	1145	1159	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27304832	1161	1165	Data	T078	C1511726
27304832	1186	1199	SPSS database	T170	C0282574
27304832	1219	1224	STATA	T170	C0282574
27304832	1241	1247	deaths	T033	C1306577
27304832	1271	1277	period	T079	C1948053
27304832	1304	1314	death rate	T081	C0205848
27304832	1336	1346	population	T098	C1257890
27304832	1355	1364	age group	T100	C0027362
27304832	1374	1379	study	T062	C2603343
27304832	1380	1386	period	T079	C1948053
27304832	1393	1403	death rate	T081	C0205848
27304832	1436	1447	populations	T098	C1257890
27304832	1452	1459	females	T032	C0086287
27304832	1464	1469	males	T032	C0086582
27304832	1492	1498	deaths	T033	C1306577
27304832	1523	1528	study	T062	C2603343
27304832	1547	1559	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
27304832	1569	1599	intestinal infectious diseases	T047	C0178238
27304832	1612	1646	acute lower respiratory infections	T047	C0238990
27304832	1683	1698	causes of death	T033	C0007465
27304832	1709	1724	causes of death	T033	C0007465
27304832	1725	1739	classification	T185	C0008902
27304832	1741	1749	injuries	T037	C0043251
27304832	1788	1802	cause of death	T033	C0007465
27304832	1811	1832	communicable diseases	T047	C0009450
27304832	1875	1881	deaths	T033	C1306577
27304832	1895	1910	causes of death	T033	C0007465
27304832	1911	1925	classification	T185	C0008902
27304832	1933	1945	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
27304832	1947	1977	intestinal infectious diseases	T047	C0178238
27304832	1982	2016	acute lower respiratory infections	T047	C0238990
27304832	2040	2055	causes of death	T033	C0007465
27304832	2072	2087	causes of death	T033	C0007465
27304832	2088	2109	communicable diseases	T047	C0009450
27304832	2114	2122	injuries	T037	C0043251
27304832	2146	2161	causes of death	T033	C0007465
27304832	2234	2243	mortality	T081	C0008083
27304832	2255	2270	causes of death	T033	C0007465
27304832	2283	2303	inferential analysis	T062	C0936012
27304832	2313	2323	prevention	T061	C0033144
27304832	2328	2338	management	T058	C0376636
27304832	2342	2361	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450

27305656|t|What will it take to improve prevention of chronic diseases in Australia? A case study of two national approaches
27305656|a|Objective Despite being a healthy country by international standards, Australia has a growing and serious burden from chronic diseases. There have been several national efforts to tackle this problem, but despite some important advances much more needs to be done. From the viewpoint of diverse stakeholders, the present study examined two approaches to controlling chronic disease in Australia: (1) the 2005 National Chronic Disease Strategy (NCDS); and (2) the 2008 National Partnership Agreement on Preventive Health (NPAPH).Methods Individual and small group semistructured interviews were undertaken with 29 leaders across Australia, reflecting a diverse cross-section of senior public health managers and program implementation staff from state and territory health departments, as well as academics, thought leaders and public health advocates. A grounded theory approach was used to generate themes relevant to the research.Results There is general support for national approaches to the prevention of chronic disease. The NCDS was viewed as necessary and useful for national coordination, setting a common agenda and serving as an anchor to align jurisdictional priorities and action. However, without funding or other infrastructure commitments or implementation plans, any expectations as to what could be meaningfully achieved were limited. In contrast, although jurisdictions welcomed the NPAPH, its associated funding and the opportunity to tailor strategy to their unique needs and populations, there were calls for greater national leadership as well as guidance on the evidence base to inform decision making. Key aspects of successful national action were strong Australian Government leadership and coordination, setting a common agenda, national alignment on priorities, evidence-informed implementation strategies, partnerships within and across governments, as well as with other sectors, and funding and infrastructure to support implementation .Conclusions Both the NCDS and NPAPH were seen to have overlapping strengths and weaknesses. A key need identified was for future approaches to focus on generating more sustainable, system-wide change.What is known about the topic? Despite some important advances, chronic diseases remain Australia 's greatest health challenge. In efforts to tackle this increasing burden from chronic diseases, several large-scale, national initiatives have been released in Australia over recent years, including the 2005 NCDS and the 2008 NPAPH .What does this paper add? From the viewpoint of practitioners, policy makers, advocates, researchers and public health thought leaders, this paper examines the usefulness and significance of the NCDS and NPAPH as national initiatives for achieving improvements to the prevention of chronic disease .What are the implications for practitioners? By better understanding how previous countrywide chronic disease initiatives were viewed and used at national, state and local levels, this research is well placed to inform current, planned and future large-scale, population-level health initiatives.
27305656	29	59	prevention of chronic diseases	UnknownType	C0677273
27305656	63	72	Australia	T083	C0004340
27305656	74	86	A case study	T170	C0085973
27305656	140	155	healthy country	T080	C3898900
27305656	184	193	Australia	T083	C0004340
27305656	212	226	serious burden	T078	C2828008
27305656	232	248	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
27305656	274	290	national efforts	T056	C2987222
27305656	401	421	diverse stakeholders	T077	C4288315
27305656	454	464	approaches	UnknownType	C0679743
27305656	468	495	controlling chronic disease	T033	C0421178
27305656	499	508	Australia	T083	C0004340
27305656	523	556	National Chronic Disease Strategy	UnknownType	C0679723
27305656	558	562	NCDS	UnknownType	C0679723
27305656	582	633	National Partnership Agreement on Preventive Health	T058	C4277528
27305656	635	640	NPAPH	T058	C4277528
27305656	650	660	Individual	UnknownType	C0681912
27305656	665	702	small group semistructured interviews	T062	C0018260
27305656	727	734	leaders	T078	C0021399
27305656	742	751	Australia	T083	C0004340
27305656	791	820	senior public health managers	T097	C1279728
27305656	825	853	program implementation staff	UnknownType	C0680839
27305656	859	897	state and territory health departments	T093	C1514958
27305656	910	919	academics	T092	C1510747
27305656	929	936	leaders	T078	C0021399
27305656	941	964	public health advocates	T097	C0401875
27305656	968	992	grounded theory approach	UnknownType	C0681941
27305656	1014	1020	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27305656	1083	1120	national approaches to the prevention	UnknownType	C0679743
27305656	1124	1139	chronic disease	T047	C0008679
27305656	1145	1149	NCDS	UnknownType	C0679723
27305656	1189	1210	national coordination	T078	C1549570
27305656	1229	1235	agenda	T170	C0681473
27305656	1270	1306	jurisdictional priorities and action	T170	C3244097
27305656	1342	1368	infrastructure commitments	T170	C3242464
27305656	1372	1392	implementation plans	T058	C0018726
27305656	1489	1502	jurisdictions	T170	C0680647
27305656	1516	1521	NPAPH	T058	C4277528
27305656	1527	1545	associated funding	T081	C0376244
27305656	1569	1584	tailor strategy	T170	C0679716
27305656	1594	1606	unique needs	T080	C0027552
27305656	1611	1622	populations	T098	C1257890
27305656	1653	1672	national leadership	T054	C0023181
27305656	1684	1692	guidance	T058	C0150600
27305656	1724	1739	decision making	UnknownType	C0679007
27305656	1795	1844	Australian Government leadership and coordination	T064	C0018106
27305656	1856	1869	common agenda	T170	C0681473
27305656	1871	1903	national alignment on priorities	T081	C1706765
27305656	1923	1948	implementation strategies	T058	C0018726
27305656	1950	1962	partnerships	T092	C1711206
27305656	1974	1992	across governments	T092	C0018104
27305656	2010	2023	other sectors	T098	C0034035
27305656	2029	2036	funding	T081	C0243098
27305656	2041	2055	infrastructure	T170	C3242464
27305656	2059	2081	support implementation	T052	C1708476
27305656	2104	2108	NCDS	UnknownType	C0679723
27305656	2113	2118	NPAPH	T058	C4277528
27305656	2149	2158	strengths	T078	C0808080
27305656	2163	2173	weaknesses	T169	C1457869
27305656	2205	2222	future approaches	T082	C0449445
27305656	2347	2363	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
27305656	2371	2380	Australia	T083	C0004340
27305656	2393	2409	health challenge	T058	C0805586
27305656	2437	2454	increasing burden	T078	C2828008
27305656	2460	2476	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
27305656	2499	2519	national initiatives	T041	C0424093
27305656	2542	2551	Australia	T083	C0004340
27305656	2590	2594	NCDS	UnknownType	C0679723
27305656	2608	2613	NPAPH	T058	C4277528
27305656	2663	2676	practitioners	T097	C0017319
27305656	2678	2691	policy makers	T097	C0242170
27305656	2693	2702	advocates	T090	C1510823
27305656	2704	2715	researchers	T097	C0035173
27305656	2720	2749	public health thought leaders	T078	C0021399
27305656	2810	2814	NCDS	UnknownType	C0679723
27305656	2819	2824	NPAPH	T058	C4277528
27305656	2828	2848	national initiatives	T041	C0424093
27305656	2883	2912	prevention of chronic disease	UnknownType	C0677273
27305656	2944	2957	practitioners	T097	C0017319
27305656	3008	3023	chronic disease	T047	C0008679
27305656	3024	3035	initiatives	T041	C0424093
27305656	3060	3068	national	T082	C0681788
27305656	3174	3209	population-level health initiatives	T091	C4277525

27305683|t|Quantifying Nonlinear Contributions to Cortical Responses Evoked by Continuous Wrist Manipulation
27305683|a|Cortical responses to continuous stimuli as recorded using either magneto- or electroencephalography (EEG) have shown power at harmonics of the stimulated frequency, indicating nonlinear behavior. Even though the selection of analysis techniques depends on the linearity of the system under study, the importance of nonlinear contributions to cortical responses has not been formally addressed. The goal of this paper is to quantify the nonlinear contributions to the cortical response obtained from continuous sensory stimulation. EEG was used to record the cortical response evoked by continuous movement of the wrist joint of healthy subjects applied with a robotic manipulator. Multisine stimulus signals (i.e., the sum of several sinusoids) elicit a periodic cortical response and allow to assess the nonlinear contributions to the response. Wrist dynamics (relation between joint angle and torque) were successfully linearized, explaining 99% of the response. In contrast, the cortical response revealed a highly nonlinear relation; where most power (∼ 80 %) occurred at non-stimulated frequencies. Moreover, only 10% of the response could be explained using a nonparametric linear model. These results indicate that the recorded evoked cortical responses are governed by nonlinearities and that linear methods do not suffice when describing the relation between mechanical stimulus and cortical response.
27305683	0	11	Quantifying	T081	C1709793
27305683	22	35	Contributions	T052	C1880177
27305683	39	64	Cortical Responses Evoked	T059	C0853990
27305683	68	97	Continuous Wrist Manipulation	T061	C1293270
27305683	98	116	Cortical responses	T059	C0853990
27305683	120	138	continuous stimuli	T039	C0542478
27305683	164	172	magneto-	T060	C0024489
27305683	176	198	electroencephalography	T060	C0013819
27305683	200	203	EEG	T060	C0013819
27305683	242	262	stimulated frequency	T079	C0237630
27305683	275	293	nonlinear behavior	T053	C0004927
27305683	324	332	analysis	T062	C0936012
27305683	333	343	techniques	T169	C0449851
27305683	359	368	linearity	T082	C0205132
27305683	424	437	contributions	T052	C1880177
27305683	441	459	cortical responses	T059	C0853990
27305683	497	515	goal of this paper	T170	C0018017
27305683	522	530	quantify	T081	C1709793
27305683	545	558	contributions	T052	C1880177
27305683	566	583	cortical response	T059	C0853990
27305683	598	608	continuous	T078	C0549178
27305683	609	628	sensory stimulation	T061	C0150763
27305683	630	633	EEG	T060	C0013819
27305683	657	681	cortical response evoked	T059	C0853990
27305683	685	723	continuous movement of the wrist joint	T033	C0575717
27305683	759	778	robotic manipulator	T073	C0336537
27305683	790	806	stimulus signals	T067	C0234402
27305683	825	832	several	T081	C0443302
27305683	833	842	sinusoids	T030	C0682624
27305683	853	861	periodic	T079	C0332182
27305683	862	879	cortical response	T059	C0853990
27305683	893	899	assess	T052	C1516048
27305683	914	927	contributions	T052	C1880177
27305683	945	959	Wrist dynamics	T061	C0454465
27305683	978	989	joint angle	T030	C0022417
27305683	994	1000	torque	T067	C0376590
27305683	1020	1030	linearized	T082	C0205132
27305683	1081	1098	cortical response	T059	C0853990
27305683	1265	1291	nonparametric linear model	T081	C0242932
27305683	1299	1306	results	T033	C0683954
27305683	1334	1359	evoked cortical responses	T059	C0853990
27305683	1400	1406	linear	T082	C0205132
27305683	1467	1486	mechanical stimulus	T067	C0234402
27305683	1491	1508	cortical response	T033	C0596450

27305688|t|Directed Functional Networks in Alzheimer's Disease: Disruption of Global and Local Connectivity Measures
27305688|a|Techniques available in graph theory can be applied to signals recorded from human brain. In network analysis of EEG signals, the individual nodes are EEG sensor locations and the edges correspond to functional relations between them that are extracted from EEG time series. In this work, we study EEG -based directed functional networks in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To this end, directed connectivity matrices of 25 AD patients and 26 healthy subjects are processed and a number of neurophysiologically meaningful graph theory metrics are studied. Our data show that functional networks of AD brains have significantly reduced global connectivity in alpha and beta bands (P < 0.05). The AD brains have significantly higher local connectivity than healthy controls in alpha and beta bands. This decreased profile in global connectivity can be linked to compensatory increased local connectivity as a result of widespread decline in the long-range connections. We also study resiliency of brain networks against targeted attack to hub nodes and find that AD networks are less resilient than healthy brains in alpha and beta bands.
27305688	0	28	Directed Functional Networks	T170	C0870951
27305688	32	51	Alzheimer's Disease	T047	C0002395
27305688	53	63	Disruption	T169	C0332453
27305688	106	116	Techniques	T169	C0449851
27305688	130	142	graph theory	T078	C0871935
27305688	161	177	signals recorded	T067	C1710082
27305688	183	194	human brain	T023	C0006104
27305688	199	215	network analysis	T062	C4277638
27305688	219	222	EEG	T060	C0013819
27305688	223	230	signals	T067	C1710082
27305688	236	252	individual nodes	T077	C2697524
27305688	257	260	EEG	T060	C0013819
27305688	261	267	sensor	T073	C0183210
27305688	268	277	locations	T082	C0450429
27305688	286	291	edges	T082	C0205154
27305688	306	326	functional relations	T077	C2700217
27305688	364	367	EEG	T060	C0013819
27305688	368	379	time series	T079	C0871939
27305688	404	407	EEG	T060	C0013819
27305688	415	443	directed functional networks	T170	C0870951
27305688	447	466	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27305688	468	470	AD	T047	C0002395
27305688	486	516	directed connectivity matrices	T082	C1254362
27305688	523	525	AD	T047	C0002395
27305688	526	534	patients	T101	C0030705
27305688	542	558	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27305688	563	572	processed	T067	C1522240
27305688	589	609	neurophysiologically	T039	C0700630
27305688	621	641	graph theory metrics	T170	C0681493
27305688	659	663	data	T078	C1511726
27305688	674	693	functional networks	T169	C1882071
27305688	697	699	AD	T047	C0002395
27305688	700	706	brains	T023	C0006104
27305688	712	733	significantly reduced	T081	C4055638
27305688	757	762	alpha	T082	C0439645
27305688	767	777	beta bands	T082	C0439645
27305688	794	796	AD	T047	C0002395
27305688	797	803	brains	T023	C0006104
27305688	809	829	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27305688	854	870	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27305688	874	879	alpha	T082	C0439645
27305688	884	894	beta bands	T082	C0439645
27305688	901	918	decreased profile	T033	C0243095
27305688	1016	1034	widespread decline	T081	C0282251
27305688	1080	1090	resiliency	T055	C0679688
27305688	1094	1108	brain networks	T023	C2951780
27305688	1117	1132	targeted attack	T033	C0243095
27305688	1136	1145	hub nodes	T077	C2697524
27305688	1160	1162	AD	T047	C0002395
27305688	1163	1171	networks	T023	C2951780
27305688	1176	1190	less resilient	T033	C4061621
27305688	1196	1203	healthy	T080	C3898900
27305688	1204	1210	brains	T023	C0006104
27305688	1214	1219	alpha	T082	C0439645
27305688	1224	1234	beta bands	T082	C0439645

27306062|t|Assessment of Interleukin-17A, Interleukin-10 and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1 Serum Titers in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Avonex, Possible Biomarkers for Treatment Response
27306062|a|Individual response to interferon beta (IFN-β) 1a treatment is heterogeneous in multiple sclerosis (MS). Our objective was to find a connection between serum levels of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)1 in MS patients treated with IFN-β in order to identify the nonresponders (NR). We included in the study 32 healthy subjects and 32 MS patients: 10 naive, 10 early treated and 12 late treated with INF-β1a. Serum determination of cytokines and brain MRI were performed at the beginning of the study, after 6 and 12 months. Rio score was calculated at the end of the study. MS patients had initially a significant higher level of IL-17 and a lower level of TGF-β1 compared to healthy subjects. IL-17 level in early treated patients was significantly lower compared to the naive and late treated groups. INF-β1a treatment significantly increased IL-10 and decreased IL-17 levels. Initial low levels of IL-10 were associated with an increase in physical disability. IL-17 levels positively correlated with the number of relapses and MRI activity. Nine patients were NR to Avonex. Patients with a Rio score of 3 had higher initial levels of IL-17 and those with a Rio score of 0 had higher initial levels of IL-10 and TGF-β1. IFN-β1a decreased IL-17 and increased IL-10 seric levels; IL-17 significantly correlated with MS activity; TGF-β1 activity is titer-dependent, increased levels were associated with IL-17 inhibition; NR patients to IFN-β1a will have initial high IL-17 and low IL-10 and TGF-β seric levels.
27306062	0	10	Assessment	T052	C1516048
27306062	14	29	Interleukin-17A	T116,T192	C1705947
27306062	31	45	Interleukin-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27306062	50	82	Transforming Growth Factor-Beta1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27306062	83	88	Serum	T031	C0229671
27306062	89	95	Titers	T081	C0475208
27306062	99	108	Relapsing	T067	C0035020
27306062	109	118	Remitting	T079	C0439600
27306062	119	137	Multiple Sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27306062	138	146	Patients	T101	C0030705
27306062	147	154	Treated	T169	C1522326
27306062	160	166	Avonex	T116,T121,T129	C0594372
27306062	168	176	Possible	T033	C0332149
27306062	177	187	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27306062	192	210	Treatment Response	T201	C0521982
27306062	211	221	Individual	T098	C0237401
27306062	222	230	response	T201	C0521982
27306062	234	260	interferon beta (IFN-β) 1a	T116,T121,T129	C0254119
27306062	261	270	treatment	T169	C1522326
27306062	274	287	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27306062	291	309	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27306062	311	313	MS	T047	C0026769
27306062	320	329	objective	T170	C0018017
27306062	344	354	connection	T082	C0449379
27306062	363	368	serum	T031	C0229671
27306062	369	375	levels	T080	C0441889
27306062	379	398	interleukin (IL)-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27306062	400	405	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27306062	410	450	transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27306062	454	456	MS	T047	C0026769
27306062	457	465	patients	T101	C0030705
27306062	466	473	treated	T169	C1522326
27306062	479	484	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27306062	497	505	identify	T033	C0243095
27306062	510	523	nonresponders	T033	C0243095
27306062	525	527	NR	T033	C0243095
27306062	549	554	study	T062	C0008972
27306062	558	574	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27306062	582	584	MS	T047	C0026769
27306062	585	593	patients	T101	C0030705
27306062	598	603	naive	T077	C2986417
27306062	608	613	early	T079	C1279919
27306062	614	621	treated	T169	C1522326
27306062	634	641	treated	T169	C1522326
27306062	647	654	INF-β1a	T116,T121,T129	C0254119
27306062	656	661	Serum	T031	C0229671
27306062	662	675	determination	T059	C1148554
27306062	679	688	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27306062	693	702	brain MRI	T060	C0412675
27306062	708	717	performed	T169	C0884358
27306062	725	734	beginning	T079	C0439659
27306062	742	747	study	T062	C0008972
27306062	764	770	months	T079	C0439231
27306062	772	781	Rio score	T081	C0449820
27306062	786	796	calculated	T052	C1441506
27306062	815	820	study	T062	C0008972
27306062	822	824	MS	T047	C0026769
27306062	825	833	patients	T101	C0030705
27306062	838	847	initially	T079	C0205265
27306062	850	868	significant higher	T081	C4055637
27306062	869	874	level	T080	C0441889
27306062	878	883	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27306062	890	895	lower	T052	C2003888
27306062	896	901	level	T080	C0441889
27306062	905	911	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27306062	912	920	compared	T052	C1707455
27306062	924	940	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27306062	942	947	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27306062	948	953	level	T080	C0441889
27306062	957	962	early	T079	C1279919
27306062	963	970	treated	T169	C1522326
27306062	971	979	patients	T101	C0030705
27306062	984	1003	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27306062	1004	1012	compared	T052	C1707455
27306062	1030	1034	late	T079	C0205087
27306062	1035	1042	treated	T169	C1522326
27306062	1043	1049	groups	T098	C0687744
27306062	1051	1058	INF-β1a	T116,T121,T129	C0254119
27306062	1059	1068	treatment	T169	C1522326
27306062	1069	1092	significantly increased	T081	C0205217
27306062	1093	1098	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27306062	1103	1112	decreased	T081	C0205216
27306062	1113	1118	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27306062	1119	1125	levels	T080	C0441889
27306062	1127	1134	Initial	T079	C0205265
27306062	1135	1138	low	T080	C0205251
27306062	1139	1145	levels	T080	C0441889
27306062	1149	1154	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27306062	1160	1175	associated with	T080	C0332281
27306062	1179	1187	increase	T169	C0442805
27306062	1191	1210	physical disability	T046	C0520817
27306062	1212	1217	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27306062	1218	1224	levels	T080	C0441889
27306062	1225	1246	positively correlated	T080	C1707520
27306062	1256	1262	number	T081	C0237753
27306062	1266	1274	relapses	T067	C0035020
27306062	1279	1282	MRI	T060	C0024485
27306062	1283	1291	activity	T052	C0441655
27306062	1298	1306	patients	T101	C0030705
27306062	1312	1314	NR	T033	C0243095
27306062	1318	1324	Avonex	T116,T121,T129	C0594372
27306062	1326	1334	Patients	T101	C0030705
27306062	1342	1351	Rio score	T081	C0449820
27306062	1361	1367	higher	T080	C0205250
27306062	1368	1375	initial	T079	C0205265
27306062	1376	1382	levels	T080	C0441889
27306062	1386	1391	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27306062	1409	1418	Rio score	T081	C0449820
27306062	1428	1434	higher	T080	C0205250
27306062	1435	1442	initial	T079	C0205265
27306062	1443	1449	levels	T080	C0441889
27306062	1453	1458	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27306062	1463	1469	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27306062	1471	1478	IFN-β1a	T116,T121,T129	C0254119
27306062	1479	1488	decreased	T081	C0205216
27306062	1489	1494	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27306062	1499	1508	increased	T081	C0205217
27306062	1509	1514	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27306062	1515	1520	seric	T031	C0229671
27306062	1521	1527	levels	T080	C0441889
27306062	1529	1534	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27306062	1535	1559	significantly correlated	T080	C1707520
27306062	1565	1567	MS	T047	C0026769
27306062	1568	1576	activity	T052	C0441655
27306062	1578	1584	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27306062	1585	1593	activity	T052	C0441655
27306062	1597	1612	titer-dependent	T080	C0851827
27306062	1614	1623	increased	T081	C0205217
27306062	1624	1630	levels	T080	C0441889
27306062	1636	1651	associated with	T080	C0332281
27306062	1652	1657	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27306062	1658	1668	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27306062	1670	1672	NR	T033	C0243095
27306062	1673	1681	patients	T101	C0030705
27306062	1685	1692	IFN-β1a	T116,T121,T129	C0254119
27306062	1703	1710	initial	T079	C0205265
27306062	1711	1715	high	T080	C0205250
27306062	1716	1721	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27306062	1726	1729	low	T080	C0205251
27306062	1730	1735	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27306062	1740	1745	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27306062	1746	1751	seric	T031	C0229671
27306062	1752	1758	levels	T080	C0441889

27306621|t|Cardiovascular magnetic resonance features of mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with left bundle branch block
27306621|a|Patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) can exhibit mechanical dyssynchrony which may contribute to heart failure; such patients may benefit from cardiac resynchronization treatment (CRT). While cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has become a common part of heart failure work-up, CMR features of mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with LBBB have not been well characterized. This study aims to investigate the potential of CMR to characterize mechanical features of LBBB. CMR examinations from 43 patients with LBBB on their electrocardiogram, but without significant focal structural abnormalities, and from 43 age- and gender -matched normal controls were retrospectively reviewed. The following mechanical features of LBBB were evaluated: septal flash (SF), apical rocking (AR), delayed aortic valve opening measured relative to both end-diastole (AVOED) and pulmonic valve opening (AVOPVO), delayed left-ventricular (LV) free-wall contraction, and curvatures of the septum and LV free-wall. Septal displacement curves were also generated, using feature -tracking techniques. The echocardiographic findings of LBBB were also reviewed in those subjects for whom they were available. LBBB was significantly associated with the presence of SF and AR; within the LBBB group, 79 % had SF and 65 % had AR. Delayed AVOED, AVOPVO, and delayed LV free-wall contraction were significantly associated with LBBB. AVOED and AVOPVO positively correlated with QRS duration and negatively correlated with ejection fraction. Hearts with electrocardiographic evidence of LBBB showed lower septal-to-LV free-wall curvature ratios at end-diastole compared to normal controls. CMR can be used to identify and evaluate mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with LBBB. None of the normal controls showed the mechanical features associated with LBBB. Moreover, not all patients with LBBB showed the same degree of mechanical dyssynchrony, which could have implications for CRT.
27306621	0	33	Cardiovascular magnetic resonance	T060	C0412692
27306621	46	56	mechanical	T022	C0598002
27306621	57	69	dyssynchrony	T047	C3160936
27306621	73	81	patients	T101	C0030705
27306621	87	111	left bundle branch block	T047	C0023211
27306621	112	120	Patients	T101	C0030705
27306621	126	150	left bundle branch block	T047	C0023211
27306621	152	156	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	170	180	mechanical	T022	C0598002
27306621	181	193	dyssynchrony	T047	C3160936
27306621	218	231	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27306621	238	246	patients	T101	C0030705
27306621	264	299	cardiac resynchronization treatment	T061	C1167956
27306621	301	304	CRT	T061	C1167956
27306621	313	347	cardiac magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0412692
27306621	349	352	CMR	T060	C0412692
27306621	382	395	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27306621	396	403	work-up	T060	C0750430
27306621	405	408	CMR	T060	C0412692
27306621	421	431	mechanical	T022	C0598002
27306621	432	444	dyssynchrony	T047	C3160936
27306621	448	456	patients	T101	C0030705
27306621	462	466	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	549	552	CMR	T060	C0412692
27306621	569	579	mechanical	T022	C0598002
27306621	592	596	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	598	601	CMR	T060	C0412692
27306621	623	631	patients	T101	C0030705
27306621	637	641	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	651	668	electrocardiogram	T033	C0013798
27306621	694	699	focal	T082	C0205234
27306621	700	724	structural abnormalities	T047	C3274789
27306621	747	753	gender	T032	C0079399
27306621	763	778	normal controls	T080	C2705716
27306621	784	808	retrospectively reviewed	T062	C0035363
27306621	824	834	mechanical	T022	C0598002
27306621	847	851	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	868	880	septal flash	T033	C3164858
27306621	882	884	SF	T033	C3164858
27306621	887	901	apical rocking	T033	C2039843
27306621	903	905	AR	T033	C2039843
27306621	908	975	delayed aortic valve opening measured relative to both end-diastole	T033	C2059410
27306621	977	982	AVOED	T033	C2059410
27306621	988	1010	pulmonic valve opening	T033	C0243095
27306621	1012	1018	AVOPVO	T033	C0243095
27306621	1021	1072	delayed left-ventricular (LV) free-wall contraction	T033	C2023494
27306621	1078	1119	curvatures of the septum and LV free-wall	T033	C0243095
27306621	1121	1147	Septal displacement curves	T201	C4069735
27306621	1175	1182	feature	T080	C2348519
27306621	1209	1226	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
27306621	1239	1243	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	1311	1315	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	1334	1349	associated with	T080	C0332281
27306621	1366	1368	SF	T033	C3164858
27306621	1373	1375	AR	T033	C2039843
27306621	1388	1392	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	1393	1398	group	T078	C0441833
27306621	1409	1411	SF	T033	C3164858
27306621	1425	1427	AR	T033	C2039843
27306621	1429	1442	Delayed AVOED	T033	C0243095
27306621	1444	1450	AVOPVO	T033	C0243095
27306621	1456	1488	delayed LV free-wall contraction	T033	C0243095
27306621	1508	1523	associated with	T080	C0332281
27306621	1524	1528	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	1530	1535	AVOED	T033	C2059410
27306621	1540	1546	AVOPVO	T033	C0243095
27306621	1574	1586	QRS duration	T201	C0429025
27306621	1618	1635	ejection fraction	T060	C0489482
27306621	1637	1643	Hearts	T023	C0018787
27306621	1649	1669	electrocardiographic	T060	C0013516
27306621	1682	1686	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	1694	1739	lower septal-to-LV free-wall curvature ratios	T081	C0392762
27306621	1743	1755	end-diastole	T079	C1562146
27306621	1768	1783	normal controls	T080	C2705716
27306621	1785	1788	CMR	T060	C0412692
27306621	1826	1836	mechanical	T022	C0598002
27306621	1837	1849	dyssynchrony	T047	C3160936
27306621	1853	1861	patients	T101	C0030705
27306621	1867	1871	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	1885	1900	normal controls	T080	C2705716
27306621	1912	1922	mechanical	T022	C0598002
27306621	1932	1947	associated with	T080	C0332281
27306621	1948	1952	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	1972	1980	patients	T101	C0030705
27306621	1986	1990	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27306621	2017	2027	mechanical	T022	C0598002
27306621	2028	2040	dyssynchrony	T047	C3160936
27306621	2076	2079	CRT	T061	C1167956

27306647|t|Delayed progression of rabies transmitted by a vampire bat
27306647|a|Here, we compared the growth kinetics, cell-to-cell spread, and virus internalization kinetics in N2a cells of RABV variants isolated from vampire bats (V-3), domestic dogs (V-2) and marmosets (V-M) as well as the clinical symptoms and mortality caused by these variants. The replication rate of V-3 was significantly higher than those of V-2 and V-M. However, the uptake and spread of these RABV variants into N2a cells were inversely proportional. Nevertheless, V-3 had longer incubation and evolution periods. Our results provide evidence that the clinical manifestations of infection with bat RABV variant occur at a later time when compared to what was observed with canine and marmoset rabies virus variants.
27306647	0	7	Delayed	T079	C0205421
27306647	8	19	progression	T046	C0242656
27306647	23	29	rabies	T047	C0034494
27306647	30	41	transmitted	T046	C0242781
27306647	47	58	vampire bat	T015	C0324765
27306647	68	76	compared	T052	C1707455
27306647	81	87	growth	T040	C0018270
27306647	88	96	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27306647	98	117	cell-to-cell spread	T040	C1160712
27306647	123	144	virus internalization	T038	C1537068
27306647	145	153	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27306647	157	166	N2a cells	T025	C0007634
27306647	170	174	RABV	T005	C0034497
27306647	175	183	variants	T033	C4284334
27306647	184	192	isolated	T169	C0205409
27306647	198	210	vampire bats	T015	C0324765
27306647	212	215	V-3	T033	C4284334
27306647	218	231	domestic dogs	T015	C0012984
27306647	233	236	V-2	T033	C4284334
27306647	242	251	marmosets	T015	C0006764
27306647	253	256	V-M	T033	C4284334
27306647	273	281	clinical	T080	C0205210
27306647	282	290	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27306647	295	304	mortality	T081	C0205848
27306647	321	329	variants	T033	C4284334
27306647	335	346	replication	T043	C0042774
27306647	347	351	rate	T081	C1521828
27306647	355	358	V-3	T033	C4284334
27306647	363	383	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27306647	398	401	V-2	T033	C4284334
27306647	406	409	V-M	T033	C4284334
27306647	424	430	uptake	T043	C3888108
27306647	435	441	spread	T040	C1160712
27306647	451	455	RABV	T005	C0034497
27306647	456	464	variants	T033	C4284334
27306647	470	479	N2a cells	T025	C0007634
27306647	485	494	inversely	T080	C0439850
27306647	495	507	proportional	T080	C0205351
27306647	523	526	V-3	T033	C4284334
27306647	531	537	longer	T080	C0205166
27306647	538	548	incubation	T033	C1320226
27306647	553	562	evolution	T045	C0015219
27306647	563	570	periods	T079	C1948053
27306647	576	583	results	T169	C1274040
27306647	592	600	evidence	T078	C3887511
27306647	610	618	clinical	T080	C0205210
27306647	619	636	manifestations of	T080	C1280464
27306647	637	646	infection	T046	C3714514
27306647	652	655	bat	T015	C0324765
27306647	656	660	RABV	T005	C0034497
27306647	661	668	variant	T033	C4284334
27306647	669	674	occur	T052	C1709305
27306647	680	690	later time	T079	C1548197
27306647	696	704	compared	T052	C1707455
27306647	717	725	observed	T169	C1441672
27306647	731	737	canine	T015	C0012984
27306647	742	750	marmoset	T015	C0006764
27306647	751	763	rabies virus	T005	C0034497
27306647	764	772	variants	T033	C4284334

27306679|t|Using melanopsin to study G protein signaling in cortical neurons
27306679|a|Our understanding of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the central nervous system (CNS) has been hampered by the limited availability of tools allowing for the study of their signaling with precise temporal control. To overcome this, we tested the utility of the bistable mammalian opsin melanopsin to examine G protein signaling in CNS neurons. Specifically, we used biolistic (gene gun) approaches to transfect melanopsin into cortical pyramidal cells maintained in organotypic slice culture. Whole cell recordings from transfected neurons indicated that application of blue light effectively activated the transfected melanopsin to elicit the canonical biphasic modulation of membrane excitability previously associated with the activation of GPCRs coupling to Gαq-11 Remarkably, full mimicry of exogenous agonist concentration could be obtained with pulses as short as a few milliseconds, suggesting that their triggering required a single melanopsin activation-deactivation cycle. The resulting temporal control over melanopsin activation allowed us to compare the activation kinetics of different components of the electrophysiological response. We also replaced the intracellular loops of melanopsin with those of the 5-HT2A receptor to create a light-activated GPCR capable of interacting with the 5-HT2A receptor interacting proteins. The resulting chimera expressed weak activity but validated the potential usefulness of melanopsin as a tool for the study of G protein signaling in CNS neurons.
27306679	0	5	Using	T169	C1524063
27306679	6	16	melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27306679	20	25	study	T062	C2603343
27306679	26	45	G protein signaling	T044	C1517335
27306679	49	57	cortical	T023	C0007776
27306679	58	65	neurons	T025	C0027882
27306679	70	83	understanding	T041	C0162340
27306679	87	114	G protein-coupled receptors	T116,T192	C0682972
27306679	116	121	GPCRs	T116,T192	C0682972
27306679	130	152	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27306679	154	157	CNS	T022	C3714787
27306679	208	213	tools	T073	C3273359
27306679	231	236	study	T062	C2603343
27306679	246	255	signaling	T038	C3537152
27306679	261	277	precise temporal	T079	C1547902
27306679	278	285	control	T169	C2587213
27306679	290	298	overcome	T052	C2983310
27306679	308	314	tested	T169	C0039593
27306679	334	342	bistable	T080	C0205360
27306679	343	352	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27306679	353	358	opsin	T116,T123	C2355587
27306679	359	369	melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27306679	381	400	G protein signaling	T044	C1517335
27306679	404	407	CNS	T022	C3714787
27306679	408	415	neurons	T025	C0027882
27306679	434	438	used	T169	C1524063
27306679	439	448	biolistic	T063	C0376638
27306679	450	458	gene gun	T075	C0920531
27306679	474	494	transfect melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27306679	500	508	cortical	T023	C0007776
27306679	509	524	pyramidal cells	T025	C0206441
27306679	525	535	maintained	T169	C1314677
27306679	539	564	organotypic slice culture	T059	C0040284
27306679	566	587	Whole cell recordings	T062	C0242624
27306679	593	612	transfected neurons	T025	C0027882
27306679	643	653	blue light	T070	C0303896
27306679	654	665	effectively	T080	C1704419
27306679	666	675	activated	T169	C1515877
27306679	680	702	transfected melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27306679	706	712	elicit	T080	C0449265
27306679	727	735	biphasic	T079	C0205184
27306679	736	746	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27306679	750	758	membrane	T026	C0596901
27306679	759	771	excitability	T184	C0235169
27306679	783	798	associated with	T080	C0332281
27306679	803	813	activation	T169	C1515877
27306679	817	822	GPCRs	T116,T192	C0682972
27306679	823	831	coupling	T169	C1948027
27306679	835	841	Gαq-11	T116,T126	C1333650
27306679	870	879	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27306679	880	887	agonist	T121	C2987634
27306679	888	901	concentration	T081	C1446561
27306679	911	919	obtained	T169	C1301820
27306679	925	931	pulses	T067	C1947910
27306679	946	949	few	T081	C0205388
27306679	950	962	milliseconds	T079	C0439223
27306679	986	996	triggering	T080	C1444748
27306679	1008	1014	single	T081	C0205171
27306679	1015	1025	melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27306679	1026	1055	activation-deactivation cycle	T079	C1254367
27306679	1061	1070	resulting	T169	C1274040
27306679	1071	1087	temporal control	T169	C2587213
27306679	1093	1103	melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27306679	1104	1114	activation	T169	C1515877
27306679	1129	1136	compare	T052	C1707455
27306679	1141	1151	activation	T169	C1515877
27306679	1152	1160	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27306679	1192	1212	electrophysiological	T042	C2350527
27306679	1213	1221	response	T032	C0871261
27306679	1244	1257	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27306679	1258	1263	loops	T082	C0445022
27306679	1267	1277	melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27306679	1296	1311	5-HT2A receptor	T116,T192	C0289174
27306679	1324	1339	light-activated	T067	C1254366
27306679	1340	1344	GPCR	T116,T192	C0682972
27306679	1356	1367	interacting	T169	C1704675
27306679	1377	1392	5-HT2A receptor	T116,T192	C0289174
27306679	1393	1404	interacting	T169	C1704675
27306679	1405	1413	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27306679	1419	1428	resulting	T169	C1274040
27306679	1429	1436	chimera	T116,T123	C0162768
27306679	1437	1446	expressed	T169	C0205245
27306679	1447	1451	weak	T080	C1762617
27306679	1452	1460	activity	T052	C0441655
27306679	1465	1474	validated	T062	C1519941
27306679	1479	1488	potential	T080	C3245505
27306679	1489	1499	usefulness	T080	C3827682
27306679	1503	1513	melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27306679	1519	1523	tool	T073	C3273359
27306679	1532	1537	study	T062	C2603343
27306679	1541	1560	G protein signaling	T044	C1517335
27306679	1564	1567	CNS	T022	C3714787
27306679	1568	1575	neurons	T025	C0027882

27306834|t|Naïve CD8(+) T cell derived tumor - specific cytotoxic effectors as a potential remedy for overcoming TGF-β immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment
27306834|a|Despite of the potential implications for cancer immunotherapy, conventional approaches using in vitro expanded CD8(+) T cells have suboptimal outcomes, mostly due to loss of functionality from cellular exhaustion. We therefore investigated the phenotypic and functional differences among in vitro activated CD8(+) T cells of three different sources, namely naïve (NTeff), memory (MTeff) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILeff) from human and mice, to better understand mechanisms behind potent effector functions and potential for overcoming current limitations. In line with the greater proliferation activity and longer telomere lengths of NTeff populations, cells of naïve origin exhibited significantly less amounts of T cell exhaustion markers than those of MTeff and TILeff, and moreover, acquired distinct expression patterns of memory-promoting transcription factors, T-bet and Eomes, induced in a rapid and sustainable manner. NTeff cells appeared to have lower expression of Foxp1 and were refractory to apoptosis upon TGF-β conditioning, implying better survival potential and resistance to tumor - induced immune suppression. Of CD8(+) T cell pools activated to tumor - specific CTLs, naïve cell generated effectors possessed the most potent cytotoxic activity, validating implications for use in rational design of adoptive immunotherapy.
27306834	0	5	Naïve	T025	C3641721
27306834	6	19	CD8(+) T cell	T025	C0242629
27306834	28	33	tumor	T191	C0027651
27306834	36	44	specific	T080	C0205369
27306834	45	64	cytotoxic effectors	T025	C3641722
27306834	80	86	remedy	T077	C1880198
27306834	102	107	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27306834	108	125	immunosuppression	T047	C4048329
27306834	133	155	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
27306834	198	218	cancer immunotherapy	T061	C0278348
27306834	220	232	conventional	T080	C0439858
27306834	233	243	approaches	T169	C1292724
27306834	250	258	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27306834	259	267	expanded	T082	C0205229
27306834	268	282	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
27306834	288	298	suboptimal	T080	C2984009
27306834	299	307	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27306834	323	327	loss	T081	C1517945
27306834	331	344	functionality	T169	C0542341
27306834	350	358	cellular	T025	C0007634
27306834	359	369	exhaustion	UnknownType	C0678684
27306834	401	411	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27306834	416	426	functional	T169	C0205245
27306834	427	438	differences	T080	C1705242
27306834	445	453	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27306834	454	463	activated	T052	C1879547
27306834	464	478	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
27306834	498	505	sources	T033	C0449416
27306834	514	519	naïve	T025	C3641721
27306834	521	526	NTeff	T025	C3641721
27306834	529	535	memory	T025	C0682639
27306834	537	542	MTeff	T025	C0682639
27306834	548	578	tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes	T025	C0079722
27306834	580	586	TILeff	T025	C0079722
27306834	593	598	human	T016	C0086418
27306834	603	607	mice	T015	C0025929
27306834	630	640	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27306834	655	663	effector	T025	C3641722
27306834	664	673	functions	T169	C0542341
27306834	711	722	limitations	T169	C0449295
27306834	749	762	proliferation	T043	C0596873
27306834	763	771	activity	T052	C0441655
27306834	783	791	telomere	T026	C0085187
27306834	792	799	lengths	T081	C1444754
27306834	803	820	NTeff populations	T025	C3641721
27306834	822	827	cells	T025	C0007634
27306834	831	843	naïve origin	T079	C0439659
27306834	884	890	T cell	T025	C0039194
27306834	891	901	exhaustion	UnknownType	C0678684
27306834	902	909	markers	T201	C0005516
27306834	924	929	MTeff	T025	C0682639
27306834	934	940	TILeff	T025	C0079722
27306834	974	993	expression patterns	T045	C1171362
27306834	997	1035	memory-promoting transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27306834	1037	1042	T-bet	T116	C0913648
27306834	1047	1052	Eomes	T116,T123	C1454790
27306834	1054	1061	induced	T169	C0205263
27306834	1067	1072	rapid	T080	C0456962
27306834	1077	1088	sustainable	T169	C0443318
27306834	1089	1095	manner	T169	C0205245
27306834	1097	1108	NTeff cells	T025	C3641721
27306834	1132	1142	expression	T045	C1171362
27306834	1146	1151	Foxp1	T116	C3273485
27306834	1175	1184	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27306834	1190	1195	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27306834	1196	1208	conditioning	T169	C0205245
27306834	1226	1234	survival	T043	C0007620
27306834	1235	1244	potential	T080	C3245505
27306834	1249	1259	resistance	T169	C4281815
27306834	1263	1268	tumor	T191	C0027651
27306834	1271	1278	induced	T169	C0205263
27306834	1279	1297	immune suppression	T047	C4048329
27306834	1302	1315	CD8(+) T cell	T025	C0242629
27306834	1322	1331	activated	T052	C1879547
27306834	1335	1340	tumor	T191	C0027651
27306834	1343	1351	specific	T080	C0205369
27306834	1352	1356	CTLs	T025	C0039195
27306834	1358	1368	naïve cell	T025	C3641721
27306834	1369	1378	generated	T052	C3146294
27306834	1379	1388	effectors	T025	C3641722
27306834	1415	1433	cytotoxic activity	T033	C0243095
27306834	1479	1485	design	T052	C1707689
27306834	1489	1511	adoptive immunotherapy	T061	C0079613

27308603|t|SHOT - RNAs: A novel class of tRNA -derived functional RNAs expressed in hormone-dependent cancers
27308603|a|Sex hormones and their receptors play critical roles in the genesis and progression of breast and prostate cancers. We recently discovered that sex hormone signaling pathways promote the expression of specific tRNA halves termed Sex HOrmone -dependent TRNA -derived RNAs (SHOT - RNAs). Functional involvement of SHOT - RNAs in cell proliferation suggests a novel tRNA -engaged pathway in tumorigenesis.
27308603	0	4	SHOT	T114,T123	C0035711
27308603	7	11	RNAs	T114	C0035668
27308603	30	34	tRNA	T114,T123	C0035711
27308603	44	54	functional	T169	C0205245
27308603	55	59	RNAs	T114	C0035668
27308603	55	59	RNAs	T114	C0035668
27308603	60	69	expressed	T045	C0040649
27308603	73	98	hormone-dependent cancers	T191	C0027661
27308603	99	111	Sex hormones	T121,T125	C0036884
27308603	122	131	receptors	T116,T192	C0019929
27308603	159	166	genesis	T191	C0596263
27308603	171	182	progression	T191	C0178874
27308603	186	192	breast	T191	C0678222
27308603	197	213	prostate cancers	T191	C0600139
27308603	243	254	sex hormone	T121,T125	C0036884
27308603	255	273	signaling pathways	T044	C1155498
27308603	286	296	expression	T045	C0040649
27308603	309	313	tRNA	T114,T123	C0035711
27308603	328	339	Sex HOrmone	T121,T125	C0036884
27308603	351	355	TRNA	T114,T123	C0035711
27308603	365	369	RNAs	T114	C0035668
27308603	371	375	SHOT	T114,T123	C0035711
27308603	378	382	RNAs	T114	C0035668
27308603	385	395	Functional	T169	C0205245
27308603	411	415	SHOT	T114,T123	C0035711
27308603	418	422	RNAs	T114	C0035668
27308603	426	444	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27308603	462	466	tRNA	T114,T123	C0035711
27308603	476	483	pathway	T044	C0037080
27308603	487	500	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263

27308854|t|Maternal vitamin D levels and the risk of perinatal death
27308854|a|To determine the association between maternal vitamin D levels and perinatal death. A retrospective cross-sectional study of all non-anomalous, singleton births (≥24 weeks) with perinatal death compared to a matched control group. Only pregnancies with a recorded vitamin D level at booking (8-19 weeks gestation) were included for analysis. Maternal vitamin D levels were categorized into normal, deficient and insufficient cohorts and variables compared between the three groups. There were 31 perinatal deaths which were compared to 111 controls. Median vitamin D levels were lower in the perinatal death cohort compared to the control group (55 nmol/L versus 64 nmol/L, p = 0.43). There was no significant increase in deaths between the normal and deficient (p = 0.33) or insufficient (p = 0.09) groups. Low maternal vitamin D levels at booking were not associated with an increased risk of perinatal demise.
27308854	0	8	Maternal	T099	C0026591
27308854	9	18	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27308854	19	25	levels	T080	C0441889
27308854	34	38	risk	T078	C0035647
27308854	42	57	perinatal death	T046	C0455986
27308854	75	86	association	T080	C0439849
27308854	95	103	maternal	T099	C0026591
27308854	104	113	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27308854	114	120	levels	T080	C0441889
27308854	125	140	perinatal death	T046	C0455986
27308854	144	157	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27308854	158	179	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27308854	202	211	singleton	T099	C1313913
27308854	212	218	births	T040	C0005615
27308854	224	229	weeks	T079	C0439230
27308854	236	251	perinatal death	T046	C0455986
27308854	274	287	control group	T096	C0009932
27308854	294	305	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27308854	322	331	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27308854	332	337	level	T080	C0441889
27308854	355	360	weeks	T079	C0439230
27308854	361	370	gestation	T040	C0032961
27308854	390	398	analysis	T062	C0936012
27308854	400	408	Maternal	T099	C0026591
27308854	409	418	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27308854	419	425	levels	T080	C0441889
27308854	448	454	normal	T080	C0205307
27308854	456	465	deficient	T169	C0011155
27308854	470	482	insufficient	T080	C0231180
27308854	483	490	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27308854	495	504	variables	T080	C0439828
27308854	532	538	groups	T098	C0599755
27308854	554	570	perinatal deaths	T046	C0455986
27308854	598	606	controls	T096	C0009932
27308854	615	624	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27308854	625	631	levels	T080	C0441889
27308854	650	665	perinatal death	T046	C0455986
27308854	666	672	cohort	T098	C0599755
27308854	689	702	control group	T096	C0009932
27308854	780	786	deaths	T040	C0011065
27308854	799	805	normal	T080	C0205307
27308854	810	819	deficient	T169	C0011155
27308854	834	846	insufficient	T080	C0231180
27308854	858	864	groups	T098	C0599755
27308854	870	878	maternal	T099	C0026591
27308854	879	888	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27308854	889	895	levels	T080	C0441889
27308854	916	931	associated with	T080	C0332281
27308854	945	949	risk	T078	C0035647
27308854	953	969	perinatal demise	T046	C0455986

27309274|t|Antiadipogenic Activity of γ-Oryzanol and Its Stability in Pigmented Rice
27309274|a|γ-Oryzanol, a prevalent compound in pigmented rice varieties, has been reported to ameliorate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Antiadipogenic activities of γ-oryzanol were determined in human adipose - derived mesenchymal stem cells and mouse - derived 3T3-L1 cells. γ-Oryzanol significantly decreased lipid accumulation and reduced glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in both adipocytes. In addition, γ-oryzanol in four pigmented rice varieties (black with giant embryo, brown, sugary brown, and red) was stable when stored at 4°C and also at room temperature for 22 weeks, whereas other bioactives such as lutein and β-carotene were stable only at -80°C. Furthermore, the yield of γ-oryzanol from these rice varieties was significantly increased through steaming and roasting processes. Therefore, γ-oryzanol exerts antiadipogenic activity by suppressing adipocyte differentiations and is stable in pigmented rice for an extended period of time during storage and after cooking. Thus, the intake of pigmented rice may be a useful strategy for preventing obesity.
27309274	0	23	Antiadipogenic Activity	T033	C0243095
27309274	27	37	γ-Oryzanol	T109	C0061081
27309274	46	55	Stability	T080	C0205360
27309274	59	68	Pigmented	T080	C0333610
27309274	69	73	Rice	T168	C0035567
27309274	74	84	γ-Oryzanol	T109	C0061081
27309274	110	119	pigmented	T080	C0333610
27309274	120	124	rice	T168	C0035567
27309274	125	134	varieties	T080	C0332307
27309274	168	206	obesity-associated metabolic disorders	T047	C1285391
27309274	208	233	Antiadipogenic activities	T033	C0243095
27309274	237	247	γ-oryzanol	T109	C0061081
27309274	267	272	human	T016	C0086418
27309274	273	280	adipose	T024	C0001527
27309274	283	290	derived	T078	C1550535
27309274	291	313	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
27309274	318	323	mouse	T015	C1522424
27309274	326	333	derived	T078	C1550535
27309274	334	346	3T3-L1 cells	T025	C1257743
27309274	348	358	γ-Oryzanol	T109	C0061081
27309274	373	382	decreased	T081	C0205216
27309274	383	401	lipid accumulation	T033	C3810056
27309274	406	413	reduced	T080	C0392756
27309274	414	459	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activities	T044	C1151278
27309274	468	478	adipocytes	T025	C0206131
27309274	493	503	γ-oryzanol	T109	C0061081
27309274	512	521	pigmented	T080	C0333610
27309274	522	526	rice	T168	C0035567
27309274	527	536	varieties	T080	C0332307
27309274	538	561	black with giant embryo	T168	C0035567
27309274	563	568	brown	T168	C0452710
27309274	570	582	sugary brown	T168	C0035567
27309274	588	591	red	T168	C0452711
27309274	597	603	stable	T080	C0205360
27309274	609	615	stored	T169	C1698986
27309274	635	651	room temperature	T080	C2348236
27309274	680	690	bioactives	T167	C3714412
27309274	699	705	lutein	T109,T121,T123	C0043328
27309274	710	720	β-carotene	T109,T121,T127	C0053396
27309274	726	732	stable	T080	C0205360
27309274	765	770	yield	T081	C1265611
27309274	774	784	γ-oryzanol	T109	C0061081
27309274	796	800	rice	T168	C0035567
27309274	801	810	varieties	T080	C0332307
27309274	847	855	steaming	T067	C1522240
27309274	860	878	roasting processes	T067	C1522240
27309274	891	901	γ-oryzanol	T109	C0061081
27309274	909	932	antiadipogenic activity	T033	C0243095
27309274	936	947	suppressing	T169	C1260953
27309274	948	974	adipocyte differentiations	T043	C1159884
27309274	982	988	stable	T080	C0205360
27309274	992	1001	pigmented	T080	C0333610
27309274	1002	1006	rice	T168	C0035567
27309274	1014	1022	extended	T169	C0231448
27309274	1023	1037	period of time	T079	C1948053
27309274	1045	1052	storage	T169	C1698986
27309274	1057	1062	after	T079	C0687676
27309274	1063	1070	cooking	T056	C0335326
27309274	1082	1088	intake	T169	C1512806
27309274	1092	1101	pigmented	T080	C0333610
27309274	1102	1106	rice	T168	C0035567
27309274	1136	1146	preventing	T169	C1292733
27309274	1147	1154	obesity	T047	C0028754

27310240|t|Upstream Pathways Controlling Mitochondrial Function in Major Psychosis: A Focus on Bipolar Disorder
27310240|a|Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) and may be a central feature of psychosis. These illnesses are complex and heterogeneous, which is reflected by the complexity of the processes regulating mitochondrial function. Mitochondria are typically associated with energy production; however, dysfunction of mitochondria affects not only energy production but also vital cellular processes, including the formation of reactive oxygen species, cell cycle and survival, intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis, and neurotransmission. In this review, we characterize the upstream components controlling mitochondrial function, including 1) mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, 2) mitochondrial dynamics, and 3) intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. Characterizing and understanding the upstream factors that regulate mitochondrial function is essential to understand progression of these illnesses and develop biomarkers and therapeutics.
27310240	0	17	Upstream Pathways	T044	C1704259
27310240	30	52	Mitochondrial Function	UnknownType	C0678850
27310240	62	71	Psychosis	T048	C0033975
27310240	84	100	Bipolar Disorder	T048	C0005586
27310240	101	126	Mitochondrial dysfunction	T033	C4021734
27310240	151	167	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
27310240	169	171	BD	T048	C0005586
27310240	177	190	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27310240	192	195	SCZ	T048	C0036341
27310240	210	225	central feature	T080	C2348519
27310240	229	238	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27310240	246	255	illnesses	T048	C0004936
27310240	260	267	complex	T080	C0439855
27310240	272	285	heterogeneous	T033	C1858576
27310240	331	340	processes	T038	C3714634
27310240	352	374	mitochondrial function	UnknownType	C0678850
27310240	376	388	Mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27310240	419	425	energy	T081	C1442080
27310240	419	436	energy production	T043	C0007613
27310240	447	458	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27310240	462	474	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27310240	492	498	energy	T081	C1442080
27310240	492	509	energy production	T043	C0007613
27310240	525	543	cellular processes	T043	C1325880
27310240	559	568	formation	T038	C0220781
27310240	572	595	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27310240	597	607	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
27310240	612	620	survival	T043	C0007620
27310240	622	654	intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis	T043	C2263134
27310240	660	677	neurotransmission	T043	C0027793
27310240	715	734	upstream components	T123	C0574031
27310240	747	769	mitochondrial function	UnknownType	C0678850
27310240	784	793	mutations	T045	C0026882
27310240	797	804	nuclear	T114,T123	C1179920
27310240	809	826	mitochondrial DNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27310240	831	853	mitochondrial dynamics	T043	C3494415
27310240	862	894	intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis	T043	C2263134
27310240	933	949	upstream factors	T123	C0574031
27310240	964	986	mitochondrial function	UnknownType	C0678850
27310240	1014	1025	progression	T046	C0242656
27310240	1035	1044	illnesses	T048	C0004936
27310240	1057	1067	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27310240	1072	1084	therapeutics	T061	C0087111

27310615|t|Impact of Chemotherapy on Diet and Nutritional Status of Women with Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study
27310615|a|Certain food groups are often rejected during chemotherapy (CT) due to the side effects of treatment, which may interfere with adequate diet and nutritional status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment impact on the diet and nutritional status of women with breast cancer (BC). In this prospective longitudinal study, conducted in 2014-2015, 55 women diagnosed with BC, with a mean age 51.5±10.1 years, were followed and data were collected at three different times. Anthropometric and dietary assessments were performed, the latter by applying nine 24h dietary recall s, by using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised (BHEI-R), and calculating the prevalence of inadequacy by the EAR cut-off point method. Regarding the BHEI-R analysis, the majority of women had a " diet requires modification ', both at the beginning (T0, 58.2%, n = 32) and during treatment (T1, 54.5%, n = 30). However, after the end of the CT, the greater percentage of patients (T2, 49.1%, n = 27) were classified as having an " inadequate diet ", since the Total Fruit consumption as well as the Dark Green and Orange Vegetable and Legume consumption decreased significantly during treatment (p = 0.043 and p = 0.026, respectively). There was a significant reduction in the intake of macro and micronutrients, with a high prevalence of inadequacy, of up to 100%, for calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin B6, vitamin C and zinc. Assessment of the nutritional status indicated that 56% (n = 31) of patients were overweight at these three different times. Weight, BMI and Waist Circumference increased significantly, indicating a worse nutritional status, and there was a correlation between poor diet quality and higher values for BMI, Waist-Hip Ratio and Waist-to-Height Ratio. Chemotherapy interferes in the patients ' diet generating a negative impact on the quality and intake of micro and macronutrients, as well as an impact on their nutritional status, with an increase in anthropometric measurements.
27310615	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27310615	10	22	Chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27310615	26	30	Diet	T168	C0012155
27310615	35	53	Nutritional Status	T033	C0392209
27310615	57	62	Women	T098	C0043210
27310615	68	81	Breast Cancer	T191	C0006142
27310615	85	102	Prospective Study	T062	C0033522
27310615	111	122	food groups	T168	C0016452
27310615	133	141	rejected	T080	C1548437
27310615	149	161	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27310615	163	165	CT	T061	C3665472
27310615	178	203	side effects of treatment	T046	C0879626
27310615	215	229	interfere with	T169	C0521102
27310615	230	243	adequate diet	UnknownType	C0547809
27310615	248	266	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
27310615	284	289	study	T062	C2603343
27310615	297	305	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27310615	310	319	treatment	T169	C0039798
27310615	320	326	impact	T080	C4049986
27310615	334	338	diet	T168	C0012155
27310615	343	361	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
27310615	365	370	women	T098	C0043210
27310615	376	389	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27310615	391	393	BC	T191	C0006142
27310615	404	434	prospective longitudinal study	T062	C0033522
27310615	463	468	women	T098	C0043210
27310615	484	486	BC	T191	C0006142
27310615	500	503	age	T032	C0001779
27310615	514	519	years	T079	C0439234
27310615	539	543	data	T078	C1511726
27310615	585	599	Anthropometric	T081	C0815129
27310615	604	623	dietary assessments	T060	C0814244
27310615	672	686	dietary recall	T061	C0566508
27310615	703	741	Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised	T170	C0282574
27310615	743	749	BHEI-R	T170	C0282574
27310615	756	767	calculating	T052	C1441506
27310615	772	782	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27310615	786	796	inadequacy	T080	C0205412
27310615	804	828	EAR cut-off point method	T170	C0282574
27310615	844	850	BHEI-R	T170	C0282574
27310615	851	859	analysis	T062	C0936012
27310615	877	882	women	T098	C0043210
27310615	891	895	diet	T168	C0012155
27310615	905	917	modification	T033	C3840684
27310615	933	942	beginning	T079	C0439659
27310615	967	983	during treatment	T079	C2709058
27310615	1035	1037	CT	T061	C3665472
27310615	1043	1061	greater percentage	T081	C0439165
27310615	1065	1073	patients	T101	C0030705
27310615	1125	1140	inadequate diet	T033	C0522060
27310615	1154	1159	Total	T080	C0439810
27310615	1160	1165	Fruit	T168	C0016767
27310615	1166	1177	consumption	T052	C0441655
27310615	1193	1203	Dark Green	T168	C2348898
27310615	1208	1224	Orange Vegetable	T168	C0016452
27310615	1229	1235	Legume	T002	C0023263
27310615	1236	1247	consumption	T052	C0441655
27310615	1248	1271	decreased significantly	T081	C0205216
27310615	1272	1288	during treatment	T079	C2709058
27310615	1342	1363	significant reduction	T080	C0392756
27310615	1371	1377	intake	T169	C1512806
27310615	1381	1386	macro	T077	C2346926
27310615	1391	1405	micronutrients	T123	C0282575
27310615	1419	1429	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27310615	1433	1443	inadequacy	T080	C0205412
27310615	1464	1471	calcium	T197	C0006726
27310615	1473	1477	iron	T197	C0376520
27310615	1479	1489	phosphorus	T196	C0080014
27310615	1491	1500	magnesium	T196	C2348270
27310615	1502	1508	niacin	T109,T121,T127	C0027996
27310615	1510	1520	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27310615	1522	1529	thiamin	T109,T127	C0039840
27310615	1531	1541	vitamin B6	T109,T121,T127	C0087162
27310615	1543	1552	vitamin C	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
27310615	1557	1561	zinc	T196	C2348288
27310615	1563	1573	Assessment	T060	C0028708
27310615	1581	1599	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
27310615	1631	1639	patients	T101	C0030705
27310615	1645	1655	overweight	T184	C0497406
27310615	1688	1694	Weight	T032	C0005910
27310615	1696	1699	BMI	T201	C1305855
27310615	1704	1723	Waist Circumference	T201	C0455829
27310615	1724	1747	increased significantly	T081	C0205217
27310615	1762	1767	worse	T033	C1457868
27310615	1768	1786	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
27310615	1804	1815	correlation	T080	C1707520
27310615	1824	1841	poor diet quality	T080	C0332306
27310615	1846	1859	higher values	T080	C0042295
27310615	1864	1867	BMI	T201	C1305855
27310615	1869	1884	Waist-Hip Ratio	T032	C0205682
27310615	1889	1910	Waist-to-Height Ratio	T033	C1821269
27310615	1912	1924	Chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27310615	1925	1935	interferes	T169	C0521102
27310615	1943	1951	patients	T101	C0030705
27310615	1954	1958	diet	T168	C0012155
27310615	1972	1987	negative impact	T080	C4049986
27310615	1995	2002	quality	T080	C0332306
27310615	2007	2013	intake	T169	C1512806
27310615	2017	2022	micro	T123	C0282575
27310615	2027	2041	macronutrients	T077	C2346926
27310615	2057	2063	impact	T080	C4049986
27310615	2073	2091	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
27310615	2113	2140	anthropometric measurements	T081	C0815129

27310660|t|The Origin of Selectivity in the Complexation of N-Methyl Amino Acids by Tetraphosphonate Cavitands
27310660|a|We report on the eligibility of tetraphosphonate resorcinarene cavitands for the molecular recognition of amino acids. We determined the crystal structure of 13 complexes of the tetraphosphonate cavitand Tiiii[H, CH3, CH3] with amino acids. (1) H NMR and (31) P NMR experiments and ITC analysis were performed to probe the binding between cavitand Tiiii[C3H7, CH3, C2H5] or the water - soluble counterpart Tiiii[C3H6Py(+)Cl(-), CH3, C2H5] and a selection of representative amino acids. The reported studies and results allowed us (i) to highlight the noncovalent interactions involved in the binding event in each case; (ii) to investigate the ability of tetraphosphonate cavitand receptors to discriminate between the different amino acids; (iii) to calculate the Ka values of the different complexes formed and evaluate the thermodynamic parameters of the complexation process, dissecting the entropic and enthalpic contributions; and (iv) to determine the solvent influence on the complexation selectivity. By moving from methanol to water, the complexation changed from entropy driven to entropy opposed, leading to a drop of almost three orders in the magnitude of the Ka. However, this reduction in binding affinity is associated with a dramatic increase in selectivity, since in aqueous solutions only N-methylated amino acids are effectively recognized. The thermodynamic profile of the binding does not change in PBS solution. The pivotal role played by cation-π interactions is demonstrated by the linear correlation found between the log Ka in methanol solution and the depth of (+)N-CH3 cavity inclusion in the molecular structures. These findings are relevant for the potential use of phosphonate cavitands as synthetic receptors for the detection of epigenetic modifications of histones in physiological media.
27310660	4	10	Origin	T079	C0439659
27310660	14	25	Selectivity	T052	C1707391
27310660	33	45	Complexation	T080	C0439855
27310660	49	69	N-Methyl Amino Acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27310660	73	99	Tetraphosphonate Cavitands	T109	C1100347
27310660	103	109	report	T170	C0684224
27310660	117	128	eligibility	T080	C1548635
27310660	132	172	tetraphosphonate resorcinarene cavitands	T109	C1100347
27310660	181	202	molecular recognition	T044	C0599844
27310660	206	217	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27310660	222	232	determined	T080	C0521095
27310660	237	254	crystal structure	T104	C0444626
27310660	261	270	complexes	T080	C0439855
27310660	278	303	tetraphosphonate cavitand	T109	C1100347
27310660	304	322	Tiiii[H, CH3, CH3]	T109	C1100347
27310660	328	339	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27310660	345	346	H	T196	C0033727
27310660	347	350	NMR	T070	C0028580
27310660	360	361	P	T121,T197	C1601799
27310660	362	365	NMR	T070	C0028580
27310660	366	377	experiments	T062	C0681814
27310660	382	385	ITC	T074	C3689480
27310660	386	394	analysis	T062	C0936012
27310660	400	409	performed	T169	C0884358
27310660	413	418	probe	T060	C0419358
27310660	423	430	binding	T044	C1167622
27310660	431	438	between	T082	C0205103
27310660	439	447	cavitand	T109	C1100347
27310660	448	470	Tiiii[C3H7, CH3, C2H5]	T109	C1100347
27310660	478	483	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27310660	486	493	soluble	T080	C1948047
27310660	494	505	counterpart	T082	C0449719
27310660	506	538	Tiiii[C3H6Py(+)Cl(-), CH3, C2H5]	T109	C1100347
27310660	545	554	selection	T052	C1707391
27310660	558	572	representative	T052	C1882932
27310660	573	584	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27310660	590	598	reported	T170	C0684224
27310660	599	606	studies	T062	C2603343
27310660	611	618	results	T033	C0683954
27310660	651	675	noncovalent interactions	T070	C1537001
27310660	676	684	involved	T169	C1314939
27310660	692	699	binding	T044	C1167622
27310660	700	705	event	T051	C0441471
27310660	714	718	case	T169	C0868928
27310660	728	739	investigate	T169	C1292732
27310660	744	751	ability	T032	C0085732
27310660	755	780	tetraphosphonate cavitand	T109	C1100347
27310660	781	790	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27310660	794	806	discriminate	T080	C0205235
27310660	807	814	between	T082	C0205103
27310660	819	828	different	T080	C1705242
27310660	829	840	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27310660	851	860	calculate	T052	C1441506
27310660	865	867	Ka	UnknownType	C0678590
27310660	868	874	values	T081	C1522609
27310660	882	891	different	T080	C1705242
27310660	892	901	complexes	T080	C0439855
27310660	902	908	formed	T169	C0205431
27310660	913	921	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27310660	926	939	thermodynamic	T090	C0039808
27310660	940	950	parameters	T077	C0549193
27310660	958	970	complexation	T080	C0439855
27310660	971	978	process	T067	C1522240
27310660	980	990	dissecting	T169	C0205239
27310660	995	1003	entropic	T067	C0376522
27310660	1008	1017	enthalpic	T081	C0599530
27310660	1018	1031	contributions	T052	C1880177
27310660	1045	1054	determine	T059	C1148554
27310660	1059	1066	solvent	T130	C0037638
27310660	1067	1076	influence	T077	C4054723
27310660	1084	1096	complexation	T080	C0439855
27310660	1097	1108	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27310660	1113	1119	moving	T040	C0560560
27310660	1125	1133	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27310660	1137	1142	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27310660	1148	1160	complexation	T080	C0439855
27310660	1161	1168	changed	T169	C0392747
27310660	1174	1181	entropy	T067	C0376522
27310660	1182	1188	driven	T052	C1879547
27310660	1192	1199	entropy	T067	C0376522
27310660	1200	1207	opposed	T080	C0521124
27310660	1222	1226	drop	T081	C0547047
27310660	1243	1249	orders	T070	C1373200
27310660	1257	1266	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27310660	1274	1276	Ka	UnknownType	C0678590
27310660	1292	1301	reduction	T080	C0392756
27310660	1305	1312	binding	T044	C1167622
27310660	1313	1321	affinity	T070	C1510827
27310660	1325	1340	associated with	T080	C0332281
27310660	1352	1360	increase	T169	C0442805
27310660	1364	1375	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27310660	1386	1403	aqueous solutions	T121	C3255993
27310660	1409	1433	N-methylated amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27310660	1438	1449	effectively	T080	C1704419
27310660	1450	1460	recognized	T044	C0599844
27310660	1466	1479	thermodynamic	T090	C0039808
27310660	1480	1487	profile	T059	C1979963
27310660	1495	1502	binding	T044	C1167622
27310660	1512	1518	change	T169	C0392747
27310660	1522	1534	PBS solution	T167	C0036082
27310660	1548	1552	role	T077	C1705810
27310660	1563	1584	cation-π interactions	T070	C1537001
27310660	1588	1600	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
27310660	1608	1614	linear	T082	C0205132
27310660	1615	1626	correlation	T080	C1707520
27310660	1633	1640	between	T082	C0205103
27310660	1645	1648	log	T081	C2986775
27310660	1649	1651	Ka	UnknownType	C0678590
27310660	1655	1663	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27310660	1664	1672	solution	T167	C0037633
27310660	1681	1686	depth	T082	C0205125
27310660	1690	1698	(+)N-CH3	T109	C0077172
27310660	1699	1705	cavity	T190	C1510420
27310660	1706	1715	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27310660	1723	1743	molecular structures	T085	C0026383
27310660	1751	1759	findings	T033	C0243095
27310660	1764	1772	relevant	T080	C2347946
27310660	1781	1790	potential	T080	C3245505
27310660	1791	1794	use	T169	C0457083
27310660	1798	1819	phosphonate cavitands	T109	C1100347
27310660	1823	1832	synthetic	T080	C2004457
27310660	1833	1842	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27310660	1851	1860	detection	T061	C1511790
27310660	1864	1874	epigenetic	T045	C1516924
27310660	1875	1888	modifications	T033	C3840684
27310660	1892	1900	histones	T116,T123	C0019652
27310660	1904	1917	physiological	T169	C0205463
27310660	1918	1923	media	T167	C1705217

27310824|t|Computed Tomography Imaging Features and Changes in Hemostatic Agents After Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy
27310824|a|Urologists and radiologists should be aware of the CT scan appearance of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) with the various hemostatic agents since they may confound the interpretation of these radiographic findings. We report the various postoperative CT scan appearance and changes after LPN. We reviewed CT scans retrospectively (within 3 months) of 86 patients who underwent LPN using various hemostatic agents between March 2008 and July 2014. We analyzed the CT findings after LPN, including postoperative changes, tumor recurrence, and complications. We also discuss changes in abnormal features, such as mass-like lesions and gas formation, on follow-up CT scans. To categorize the postoperative changes, we classified them according to their specific CT findings: (1) a combination of perinephric stranding and postsurgical fluid collection (n = 46), (2) mass-like lesions (n = 35), (3) a parenchymal defect (n = 2), (4) local recurrence at the surgical site (n = 1), (5) a large hematoma as a complication after LPN (n = 2), (6) gas pockets, which may be a response to postsurgical fluid collection around soft tissue (n = 35), (7) fat at the excision site (n = 2; Fig. 7), and (8) contrast extravasation in the delayed phase (n = 1). Mass-like lesions were visible in 35 cases. The average change in size of bolster masses was -1.19 mm/month. However, the overall change in enhancement of mass-like lesions was not significant over time. Foci of gas were noted in 16 patients at the resection site in the first follow-up period (<3 months), as late as 40 days after the procedure. Knowledge of CT imaging features and changes in hemostatic agents following LPN is important in interpreting postoperative CT scans, as postoperative changes can be confused with tumor recurrence and can mimic abscesses.
27310824	0	27	Computed Tomography Imaging	T060	C0729619
27310824	52	69	Hemostatic Agents	T121	C0019120
27310824	76	108	Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy	T061	C1144661
27310824	109	119	Urologists	T097	C0260314
27310824	124	136	radiologists	T097	C0260194
27310824	160	167	CT scan	T060	C0040405
27310824	182	214	laparoscopic partial nephrectomy	T061	C1144661
27310824	216	219	LPN	T061	C1144661
27310824	238	255	hemostatic agents	T121	C0019120
27310824	308	329	radiographic findings	T033	C1268676
27310824	353	366	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27310824	367	374	CT scan	T060	C0040405
27310824	404	407	LPN	T061	C1144661
27310824	421	429	CT scans	T060	C0040405
27310824	430	445	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27310824	470	478	patients	T101	C0030705
27310824	493	496	LPN	T061	C1144661
27310824	511	528	hemostatic agents	T121	C0019120
27310824	579	581	CT	T060	C2183251
27310824	582	590	findings	T033	C0243095
27310824	597	600	LPN	T061	C1144661
27310824	612	625	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27310824	635	651	tumor recurrence	T191	C0521158
27310824	657	670	complications	T046	C0009566
27310824	699	707	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27310824	726	743	mass-like lesions	T191	C0746408
27310824	748	761	gas formation	UnknownType	C0744271
27310824	766	775	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27310824	776	784	CT scans	T060	C0040405
27310824	804	817	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27310824	874	876	CT	T060	C2183251
27310824	877	885	findings	T033	C0243095
27310824	908	929	perinephric stranding	T037	C1167868
27310824	934	946	postsurgical	T033	C0231287
27310824	947	952	fluid	T031	C0005889
27310824	953	963	collection	T169	C1516698
27310824	978	995	mass-like lesions	T191	C0746408
27310824	1012	1023	parenchymal	T023	C0933845
27310824	1024	1030	defect	T169	C1457869
27310824	1044	1060	local recurrence	T067	C0034897
27310824	1068	1081	surgical site	T082	C0332850
27310824	1103	1111	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27310824	1117	1129	complication	T046	C0009566
27310824	1136	1139	LPN	T061	C1144661
27310824	1181	1192	response to	T032	C0871261
27310824	1193	1205	postsurgical	T033	C0231287
27310824	1206	1211	fluid	T031	C0005889
27310824	1212	1222	collection	T169	C1516698
27310824	1230	1241	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
27310824	1256	1259	fat	T201	C0344335
27310824	1267	1280	excision site	T020	C4041261
27310824	1306	1328	contrast extravasation	T046	C0015378
27310824	1336	1349	delayed phase	T079	C0205390
27310824	1359	1376	Mass-like lesions	T191	C0746408
27310824	1433	1447	bolster masses	T033	C0243095
27310824	1499	1510	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27310824	1514	1531	mass-like lesions	T191	C0746408
27310824	1536	1551	not significant	T033	C1273937
27310824	1563	1567	Foci	T082	C0205234
27310824	1592	1600	patients	T101	C0030705
27310824	1608	1617	resection	T061	C0015252
27310824	1636	1652	follow-up period	T058	C1522577
27310824	1695	1704	procedure	T061	C0184661
27310824	1719	1729	CT imaging	T060	C0729619
27310824	1754	1771	hemostatic agents	T121	C0019120
27310824	1782	1785	LPN	T061	C1144661
27310824	1815	1828	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27310824	1829	1837	CT scans	T060	C0040405
27310824	1842	1855	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27310824	1885	1901	tumor recurrence	T191	C0521158

27311447|t|Benefit and risk in short term after total hip arthroplasty by direct anterior approach combined with dual mobility cup
27311447|a|No previous reports have described the benefits and risks associated with the dual mobility cup (DMC) in primary THA via direct anterior approach (DAA). The aim of this study was to compare the safety and rate of early postoperative complication of the DAA with the DMC for THA with those of the DAA with a single standard cup, and to investigate the influence of the learning curve of the use of DMC on intra - and perioperative outcomes. We retrospectively investigated 60 hips treated in the single- DAA group and 60 hips treated in the dual- DAA group. A primary / secondary outcome variable was the presence of any intra - or perioperative complication within the first 6 months /the operative time and hip function at 6 months postoperatively. We also analyzed influence of the learning curve of the use of DMC on intra - and perioperative outcomes. No intraoperative complications were observed in either group. One anterior dislocation and one periprosthetic hip fracture were occurred in the single- DAA group. The surgical times in the single- DAA and dual- DAA groups were 112.0 ± 20.9 and 121.0 ± 26.9 min (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the 6- month postoperative hip function scores between the two groups. There was no influence of the learning curve of the use of DMC on intra - and perioperative outcomes. We have demonstrated the short-term safety and lack of inferiority of using the DMC in the DAA compared with the standard single mobility cup.
27311447	12	16	risk	T058	C0035649
27311447	37	59	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
27311447	63	87	direct anterior approach	T082	C0205511
27311447	102	119	dual mobility cup	T074	C0025080
27311447	172	177	risks	T058	C0035649
27311447	198	215	dual mobility cup	T074	C0025080
27311447	217	220	DMC	T074	C0025080
27311447	233	236	THA	T061	C0040508
27311447	241	265	direct anterior approach	T082	C0205511
27311447	267	270	DAA	T082	C0205511
27311447	289	294	study	T062	C2603343
27311447	314	320	safety	T062	C1705187
27311447	339	365	postoperative complication	T046	C0032787
27311447	373	376	DAA	T082	C0205511
27311447	386	389	DMC	T074	C0025080
27311447	394	397	THA	T061	C0040508
27311447	416	419	DAA	T082	C0205511
27311447	427	446	single standard cup	T074	C0025080
27311447	517	520	DMC	T074	C0025080
27311447	524	529	intra	T079	C0456904
27311447	536	549	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27311447	550	558	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27311447	595	599	hips	T023	C0019552
27311447	600	607	treated	T061	C0087111
27311447	623	626	DAA	T082	C0205511
27311447	627	632	group	T078	C0441833
27311447	640	644	hips	T023	C0019552
27311447	645	652	treated	T061	C0087111
27311447	666	669	DAA	T082	C0205511
27311447	670	675	group	T078	C0441833
27311447	679	686	primary	T080	C0205225
27311447	689	698	secondary	T081	C0205436
27311447	699	706	outcome	T169	C1274040
27311447	740	745	intra	T046	C0021890
27311447	751	764	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27311447	765	777	complication	T046	C0009566
27311447	797	803	months	T079	C0439231
27311447	809	823	operative time	T079	C3494201
27311447	846	852	months	T079	C0439231
27311447	853	868	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27311447	933	936	DMC	T074	C0025080
27311447	940	945	intra	T079	C0456904
27311447	952	965	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27311447	966	974	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27311447	976	978	No	T033	C1513916
27311447	979	1007	intraoperative complications	T046	C0021890
27311447	1032	1037	group	T078	C0441833
27311447	1043	1063	anterior dislocation	T037	C1265658
27311447	1072	1099	periprosthetic hip fracture	T037	C4040051
27311447	1129	1132	DAA	T082	C0205511
27311447	1133	1138	group	T078	C0441833
27311447	1144	1158	surgical times	T079	C3494201
27311447	1174	1177	DAA	T082	C0205511
27311447	1188	1191	DAA	T082	C0205511
27311447	1192	1198	groups	T078	C0441833
27311447	1297	1302	month	T079	C0439231
27311447	1303	1316	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27311447	1317	1336	hip function scores	T081	C0449820
27311447	1353	1359	groups	T078	C0441833
27311447	1420	1423	DMC	T074	C0025080
27311447	1427	1432	intra	T079	C0456904
27311447	1439	1452	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27311447	1453	1461	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27311447	1499	1505	safety	T062	C1705187
27311447	1543	1546	DMC	T074	C0025080
27311447	1554	1557	DAA	T082	C0205511
27311447	1576	1604	standard single mobility cup	T074	C0025080

27311863|t|Incidence of an Anomalous Course of the Palmar Cutaneous Branch of the Median Nerve During Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures
27311863|a|Volar plating of distal radius fractures using an approach through the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) sheath is commonplace. The palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve (PCB) is considered to run in a position adjacent to, but outside, the ulnar FCR sheath. Anatomic studies have not identified anatomic abnormalities relevant to volar plating. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of anomalous PCB branches entering the FCR sheath during volar plating. This observational study involved 10 attending hand surgeons during a 7- month period (July 2015- January 2016). Surgeons assessed, documented, and reported any PCB anomalies that were encountered during volar plating through a trans- FCR approach. There were 182 volar plates applied that made up the study group. There were 10 cases (5.5%) of anomalous PCBs entering the FCR sheath. In 4 cases, the PCB pierced the radial FCR sheath proximally, crossed beneath the tendon, and traveled distally on the ulnar side. In 4 other cases, the PCB entered the FCR sheath proximally on the ulnar or central aspect of the sheath and remained within the sheath, staying along the ulnar or dorsal side of the tendon. In 1 case, the PCB pierced the ulnar distal aspect of the sheath and split into 2 branches. In 1 case, the PCB ran within the sheath along the radial aspect of the FCR. Anomalies in the course of the PCB are more common than often considered. These variants are at risk during volar surgical approaches to the wrist that proceed through the FCR sheath. Although dissecting along the radial side of the FCR sheath may protect the PCB in most cases, care must be taken to identify anomalous branches (if present) and protect them during surgery.
27311863	0	9	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27311863	16	25	Anomalous	T033	C3277934
27311863	40	83	Palmar Cutaneous Branch of the Median Nerve	T023	C0228865
27311863	91	96	Volar	T029	C0443349
27311863	97	111	Plate Fixation	T061	C0407295
27311863	115	138	Distal Radius Fractures	T037	C0748233
27311863	139	152	Volar plating	T061	C0407295
27311863	156	179	distal radius fractures	T037	C0748233
27311863	210	231	flexor carpi radialis	T023	C0224252
27311863	233	236	FCR	T023	C0224252
27311863	238	244	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	265	308	palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve	T023	C0228865
27311863	310	313	PCB	T023	C0228865
27311863	380	385	ulnar	T023	C0041600
27311863	386	389	FCR	T023	C0224252
27311863	390	396	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	398	406	Anatomic	T080	C0220784
27311863	407	414	studies	T062	C0008972
27311863	435	457	anatomic abnormalities	T019	C0000768
27311863	470	483	volar plating	T061	C0407295
27311863	489	510	purpose of this study	UnknownType	C0681832
27311863	532	541	frequency	T081	C0871396
27311863	545	554	anomalous	T033	C3277934
27311863	555	567	PCB branches	T023	C0228865
27311863	581	584	FCR	T023	C0224252
27311863	585	591	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	599	612	volar plating	T061	C0407295
27311863	619	638	observational study	T062	C1518527
27311863	661	674	hand surgeons	T097	C0586902
27311863	687	692	month	T079	C0439231
27311863	701	705	July	T080	C3829447
27311863	712	719	January	T080	C3829466
27311863	727	735	Surgeons	T097	C0582175
27311863	736	744	assessed	T052	C1516048
27311863	746	756	documented	T058	C1301725
27311863	775	778	PCB	T023	C0228865
27311863	779	788	anomalies	T033	C1704258
27311863	818	831	volar plating	T061	C0407295
27311863	849	852	FCR	T023	C0224252
27311863	878	890	volar plates	T023	C1720969
27311863	916	927	study group	UnknownType	C0681860
27311863	943	948	cases	T077	C1706256
27311863	959	968	anomalous	T033	C3277934
27311863	969	973	PCBs	T023	C0228865
27311863	987	990	FCR	T023	C0224252
27311863	991	997	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	1004	1009	cases	T077	C1706256
27311863	1015	1018	PCB	T023	C0228865
27311863	1038	1041	FCR	T023	C0224252
27311863	1042	1048	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	1081	1087	tendon	T023	C0039508
27311863	1102	1110	distally	T082	C0205108
27311863	1118	1123	ulnar	T029	C0442044
27311863	1141	1146	cases	T077	C1706256
27311863	1152	1155	PCB	T023	C0228865
27311863	1168	1171	FCR	T023	C0224252
27311863	1172	1178	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	1179	1189	proximally	T082	C0205107
27311863	1197	1202	ulnar	T029	C0442044
27311863	1206	1213	central	T082	C0205099
27311863	1228	1234	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	1259	1265	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	1285	1290	ulnar	T029	C0442044
27311863	1294	1305	dorsal side	T029	C0005898
27311863	1313	1319	tendon	T023	C0039508
27311863	1336	1339	PCB	T023	C0228865
27311863	1340	1347	pierced	T033	C1446587
27311863	1352	1357	ulnar	T029	C0442044
27311863	1358	1364	distal	T082	C0205108
27311863	1379	1385	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	1403	1411	branches	T082	C1253959
27311863	1418	1422	case	T077	C1706256
27311863	1428	1431	PCB	T023	C0228865
27311863	1447	1453	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	1464	1470	radial	T077	C0442038
27311863	1485	1488	FCR	T023	C0224252
27311863	1490	1499	Anomalies	T033	C1704258
27311863	1521	1524	PCB	T023	C0228865
27311863	1570	1578	variants	T080	C0205419
27311863	1583	1590	at risk	T080	C1444641
27311863	1598	1603	volar	T029	C0443349
27311863	1604	1623	surgical approaches	T169	C0449446
27311863	1631	1636	wrist	T029	C0043262
27311863	1662	1665	FCR	T023	C0224252
27311863	1666	1672	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	1683	1693	dissecting	T169	C0205239
27311863	1704	1710	radial	T077	C0442038
27311863	1711	1715	side	T082	C0441987
27311863	1723	1726	FCR	T023	C0224252
27311863	1727	1733	sheath	T023	C0224856
27311863	1750	1753	PCB	T023	C0228865
27311863	1762	1767	cases	T077	C1706256
27311863	1800	1809	anomalous	T033	C3277934
27311863	1810	1818	branches	T082	C1253959
27311863	1856	1863	surgery	T061	C0543467

27311930|t|Individualizing drug dosage with longitudinal data
27311930|a|We propose a two-step procedure to personalize drug dosage over time under the framework of a log-linear mixed-effect model. We model patients ' heterogeneity using subject - specific random effects, which are treated as the realizations of an unspecified stochastic process. We extend the conditional quadratic inference function to estimate both fixed-effect coefficients and individual random effects on a longitudinal training data sample in the first step and propose an adaptive procedure to estimate new patients ' random effects and provide dosage recommendations for new patients in the second step. An advantage of our approach is that we do not impose any distribution assumption on estimating random effects. Moreover, the new approach can accommodate more general time -varying covariates corresponding to random effects. We show in theory and numerical studies that the proposed method is more efficient compared with existing approaches, especially when covariates are time varying. In addition, a real data example of a clozapine study confirms that our two-step procedure leads to more accurate drug dosage recommendations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
27311930	0	15	Individualizing	T052	C0441655
27311930	16	27	drug dosage	T081	C0870450
27311930	33	50	longitudinal data	T078	C1511726
27311930	64	72	two-step	T077	C1261552
27311930	73	82	procedure	T169	C2700391
27311930	98	109	drug dosage	T081	C0870450
27311930	115	119	time	T079	C0040223
27311930	145	174	log-linear mixed-effect model	T170	C3161035
27311930	179	184	model	T062	C0870071
27311930	185	193	patients	T101	C0030705
27311930	196	209	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27311930	216	223	subject	T078	C1706203
27311930	226	234	specific	T080	C0205369
27311930	235	241	random	T080	C0439605
27311930	242	249	effects	T080	C1280500
27311930	276	288	realizations	T078	C4304473
27311930	295	306	unspecified	T080	C0205370
27311930	307	325	stochastic process	T081	C0038347
27311930	341	352	conditional	T080	C1701901
27311930	353	381	quadratic inference function	T169	C0542341
27311930	399	424	fixed-effect coefficients	T081	C1707429
27311930	429	439	individual	T081	C0205171
27311930	440	446	random	T080	C0439605
27311930	447	454	effects	T080	C1280500
27311930	460	493	longitudinal training data sample	T078	C1511726
27311930	507	511	step	T077	C1261552
27311930	536	545	procedure	T169	C2700391
27311930	558	561	new	T080	C0205314
27311930	562	570	patients	T101	C0030705
27311930	573	579	random	T080	C0439605
27311930	580	587	effects	T080	C1280500
27311930	600	606	dosage	T081	C0870450
27311930	607	622	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27311930	631	639	patients	T101	C0030705
27311930	654	658	step	T077	C1261552
27311930	680	688	approach	T169	C1292724
27311930	718	730	distribution	T169	C1704711
27311930	731	741	assumption	T078	C1254370
27311930	756	762	random	T080	C0439605
27311930	763	770	effects	T080	C1280500
27311930	790	798	approach	T169	C1292724
27311930	828	832	time	T079	C0040223
27311930	842	852	covariates	T080	C0205556
27311930	870	876	random	T080	C0439605
27311930	877	884	effects	T080	C1280500
27311930	897	903	theory	T078	C0871935
27311930	908	925	numerical studies	T062	C2603343
27311930	944	950	method	T169	C0025664
27311930	959	968	efficient	T080	C0442799
27311930	992	1002	approaches	T169	C1292724
27311930	1020	1030	covariates	T080	C0205556
27311930	1035	1039	time	T079	C0040223
27311930	1040	1047	varying	T169	C0205245
27311930	1069	1073	data	T078	C1511726
27311930	1074	1081	example	T077	C1707959
27311930	1087	1096	clozapine	T109,T121	C0009079
27311930	1097	1102	study	T062	C2603343
27311930	1121	1129	two-step	T077	C1261552
27311930	1130	1139	procedure	T169	C2700391
27311930	1154	1162	accurate	T080	C0443131
27311930	1163	1174	drug dosage	T081	C0870450
27311930	1175	1190	recommendations	T078	C0034866

27312152|t|Association of Low Ficolin - Lectin Pathway Parameters with Cardiac Syndrome X
27312152|a|In patients with typical angina pectoris, inducible myocardial ischaemia and macroscopically normal coronaries (cardiac syndrome X (CSX)), a significantly elevated plasma level of terminal complement complex (TCC), the common end product of complement activation, has been observed without accompanying activation of the classical or the alternative pathways. Therefore, our aim was to clarify the role of the ficolin - lectin pathway in CSX. Eighteen patients with CSX, 37 stable angina patients with significant coronary stenosis (CHD) and 54 healthy volunteers (HC) were enrolled. Serum levels of ficolin-2 and ficolin-3, ficolin-3 / MASP-2 complex and ficolin-3 -mediated TCC deposition (FCN3 - TCC) were determined. Plasma level of TCC was significantly higher in the CSX than in the HC or CHD group (5.45 versus 1.30 versus 2.04 AU/ml, P < 0.001). Serum levels of ficolin-2 and ficolin-3 were significantly lower in the CSX compared to the HC or CHD group (3.60 versus 5.80 or 5.20 μg/ml, P < 0.05; 17.80 versus 24.10 or 26.80 μg/ml, P < 0.05). The ficolin-3 / MASP-2 complex was significantly lower in the CSX group compared to the HC group (92.90 versus 144.90 AU/ml, P = 0.006). FCN3 - TCC deposition was significantly lower in the CSX group compared to the HC and CHD groups (67.8% versus 143.3% or 159.7%, P < 0.05). In the CSX group, a significant correlation was found between TCC and FCN3 - TCC level (r = 0.507, P = 0.032) and between ficolin-3 / MASP-2 complex level and FCN3 - TCC deposition (r = 0.651, P = 0.003). In conclusion, in patients with typical angina and myocardial ischaemia despite macroscopically normal coronary arteries, low levels of several lectin pathway parameters were observed, indicating complement activation and consumption. Complement activation through the ficolin - lectin pathway might play a role in the complex pathomechanism of CSX.
27312152	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27312152	19	26	Ficolin	T116,T123	C0217532
27312152	29	35	Lectin	T116,T123	C0023206
27312152	36	43	Pathway	T044	C0312755
27312152	44	54	Parameters	T077	C0549193
27312152	60	78	Cardiac Syndrome X	T047	C0206064
27312152	82	90	patients	T101	C0030705
27312152	96	119	typical angina pectoris	T184	C0002962
27312152	121	130	inducible	T169	C0205263
27312152	131	151	myocardial ischaemia	T047	C0151744
27312152	156	171	macroscopically	T080	C0439806
27312152	172	178	normal	T080	C0205307
27312152	179	189	coronaries	T023	C0018787
27312152	191	209	cardiac syndrome X	T047	C0206064
27312152	211	214	CSX	T047	C0206064
27312152	234	242	elevated	T080	C3163633
27312152	243	249	plasma	T031	C0032105
27312152	250	255	level	T080	C0441889
27312152	259	286	terminal complement complex	T116,T129	C0009545
27312152	288	291	TCC	T116,T129	C0009545
27312152	320	341	complement activation	T044	C0009528
27312152	352	360	observed	T169	C1441672
27312152	382	392	activation	T052	C1879547
27312152	400	409	classical	T044	C0009547
27312152	417	437	alternative pathways	T044	C0009546
27312152	454	457	aim	T078	C1947946
27312152	465	472	clarify	T052	C2986669
27312152	477	481	role	T077	C1705810
27312152	489	496	ficolin	T116,T123	C0217532
27312152	499	505	lectin	T116,T123	C0023206
27312152	506	513	pathway	T044	C0312755
27312152	517	520	CSX	T047	C0206064
27312152	531	539	patients	T101	C0030705
27312152	545	548	CSX	T047	C0206064
27312152	553	559	stable	T080	C0205360
27312152	560	566	angina	T184	C0002962
27312152	567	575	patients	T101	C0030705
27312152	581	592	significant	T078	C0750502
27312152	593	610	coronary stenosis	T047	C0242231
27312152	612	615	CHD	T047	C0242231
27312152	624	642	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27312152	644	646	HC	T098	C1708335
27312152	653	661	enrolled	T062	C4041024
27312152	663	668	Serum	T031	C0229671
27312152	669	675	levels	T080	C0441889
27312152	679	688	ficolin-2	T116,T123	C0753749
27312152	693	702	ficolin-3	T116,T129	C1431109
27312152	704	713	ficolin-3	T116,T129	C1431109
27312152	716	722	MASP-2	T116,T123	C0537643
27312152	723	730	complex	T116,T123	C1180347
27312152	735	744	ficolin-3	T116,T129	C1431109
27312152	755	758	TCC	T116,T129	C0009545
27312152	759	769	deposition	T169	C0333562
27312152	771	775	FCN3	T116,T129	C1431109
27312152	778	781	TCC	T116,T129	C0009545
27312152	800	806	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27312152	807	812	level	T080	C0441889
27312152	816	819	TCC	T116,T129	C0009545
27312152	838	844	higher	T080	C0205250
27312152	852	855	CSX	T078	C0441833
27312152	868	870	HC	T098	C1708335
27312152	874	883	CHD group	T078	C0441833
27312152	933	938	Serum	T031	C0229671
27312152	939	945	levels	T080	C0441889
27312152	949	958	ficolin-2	T116,T123	C0753749
27312152	963	972	ficolin-3	T116,T129	C1431109
27312152	992	997	lower	T081	C1611820
27312152	1005	1008	CSX	T078	C0441833
27312152	1025	1027	HC	T098	C1708335
27312152	1031	1040	CHD group	T078	C0441833
27312152	1134	1143	ficolin-3	T116,T129	C1431109
27312152	1146	1152	MASP-2	T116,T123	C0537643
27312152	1153	1160	complex	T116,T123	C1180347
27312152	1179	1184	lower	T081	C1611820
27312152	1192	1195	CSX	T047	C0206064
27312152	1196	1201	group	T078	C0441833
27312152	1218	1226	HC group	T098	C1708335
27312152	1267	1271	FCN3	T116,T129	C1431109
27312152	1274	1277	TCC	T116,T129	C0009545
27312152	1278	1288	deposition	T169	C0333562
27312152	1307	1312	lower	T081	C1611820
27312152	1320	1323	CSX	T047	C0206064
27312152	1324	1329	group	T078	C0441833
27312152	1346	1348	HC	T098	C1708335
27312152	1353	1363	CHD groups	T078	C0441833
27312152	1414	1417	CSX	T047	C0206064
27312152	1418	1423	group	T078	C0441833
27312152	1439	1450	correlation	T080	C1707520
27312152	1469	1472	TCC	T116,T129	C0009545
27312152	1477	1481	FCN3	T116,T129	C1431109
27312152	1484	1487	TCC	T116,T129	C0009545
27312152	1488	1493	level	T080	C0441889
27312152	1529	1538	ficolin-3	T116,T129	C1431109
27312152	1541	1547	MASP-2	T116,T123	C0537643
27312152	1548	1555	complex	T116,T123	C1180347
27312152	1556	1561	level	T080	C0441889
27312152	1566	1570	FCN3	T116,T129	C1431109
27312152	1573	1576	TCC	T116,T129	C0009545
27312152	1577	1587	deposition	T169	C0333562
27312152	1630	1638	patients	T101	C0030705
27312152	1644	1658	typical angina	T184	C1998435
27312152	1663	1683	myocardial ischaemia	T047	C0151744
27312152	1692	1707	macroscopically	T080	C0439806
27312152	1708	1732	normal coronary arteries	T033	C1299335
27312152	1734	1737	low	T081	C1611820
27312152	1738	1744	levels	T080	C0441889
27312152	1756	1762	lectin	T116,T123	C0023206
27312152	1763	1770	pathway	T044	C0312755
27312152	1771	1781	parameters	T077	C0549193
27312152	1808	1829	complement activation	T044	C0009528
27312152	1834	1845	consumption	T039	C1947907
27312152	1847	1868	Complement activation	T044	C0009528
27312152	1881	1888	ficolin	T116,T123	C0217532
27312152	1891	1897	lectin	T116,T123	C0023206
27312152	1898	1905	pathway	T044	C0312755
27312152	1919	1923	role	T077	C1705810
27312152	1931	1938	complex	T080	C0439855
27312152	1939	1953	pathomechanism	T169	C0441712
27312152	1957	1960	CSX	T047	C0206064

27312263|t|Specialized morphology corresponds to a generalist diet: linking form and function in smashing mantis shrimp crustaceans
27312263|a|Many animals are considered to be specialists because they have feeding structures that are fine-tuned for consuming specific prey. For example, "smasher" mantis shrimp have highly specialized predatory appendages that generate forceful strikes to break apart hard-shelled prey. Anecdotal observations suggest, however, that the diet of smashers may include soft-bodied prey as well. Our goal was to examine the diet breadth of the smasher mantis shrimp, Neogonodactylus bredini, to determine whether it has a narrow diet of hard-shelled prey. We combined studies of prey abundance, feeding behavior, and stable isotope analyses of diet in both seagrass and coral rubble to determine if N. bredini's diet was consistent across different habitat types. The abundances of hard-shelled and soft-bodied prey varied between habitats. In feeding experiments, N. bredini consumed both prey types. N. bredini consumed a range of different prey in the field as well and, unexpectedly, the stable isotope analysis demonstrated that soft-bodied prey comprised a large proportion (29-53 %) of the diet in both habitats. Using a Bayesian mixing model framework (MixSIAR), we found that this result held even when we used uninformative, or generalist, priors and informative priors reflecting a specialist diet on hard-shelled prey and prey abundances in the field. Thus, contrary to expectation, the specialized feeding morphology of N. bredini corresponds to a broad diet of both hard-shelled and soft-bodied prey. Using multiple lines of study to describe the natural diets of other presumed specialists may demonstrate that specialized morphology often broadens rather than narrows diet breadth.
27312263	0	11	Specialized	T077	C1704211
27312263	12	22	morphology	T080	C0332437
27312263	40	50	generalist	T082	C0205246
27312263	51	55	diet	T168	C0012155
27312263	74	82	function	T039	C0031843
27312263	86	108	smashing mantis shrimp	T204	C0037017
27312263	109	120	crustaceans	T204	C1704306
27312263	126	133	animals	T008	C0003062
27312263	155	166	specialists	T077	C1704211
27312263	185	203	feeding structures	T055	C0015748
27312263	228	237	consuming	T039	C1947907
27312263	238	246	specific	T080	C0205369
27312263	247	251	prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	266	289	"smasher" mantis shrimp	T204	C0037017
27312263	295	301	highly	T080	C0205250
27312263	302	313	specialized	T077	C1704211
27312263	314	323	predatory	T040	C0237792
27312263	324	334	appendages	T023	C0598782
27312263	340	348	generate	T052	C3146294
27312263	349	357	forceful	T055	C0004077
27312263	358	365	strikes	T169	C0332159
27312263	369	380	break apart	T080	C0443161
27312263	381	398	hard-shelled prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	400	422	Anecdotal observations	T170	C2986414
27312263	450	454	diet	T168	C0012155
27312263	458	466	smashers	T204	C0037017
27312263	479	495	soft-bodied prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	509	513	goal	T170	C0018017
27312263	521	528	examine	T169	C4284036
27312263	533	545	diet breadth	T081	C0392762
27312263	553	574	smasher mantis shrimp	T204	C0037017
27312263	576	599	Neogonodactylus bredini	T204	C1058190
27312263	631	637	narrow	T080	C0333164
27312263	638	642	diet	T168	C0012155
27312263	646	663	hard-shelled prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	688	692	prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	693	702	abundance	T080	C2346714
27312263	704	720	feeding behavior	T055	C0015745
27312263	726	749	stable isotope analyses	T062	C1257948
27312263	753	757	diet	T168	C0012155
27312263	766	774	seagrass	T204	C1932302
27312263	779	791	coral rubble	T204	C0324034
27312263	808	820	N. bredini's	T204	C1058190
27312263	821	825	diet	T168	C0012155
27312263	830	840	consistent	T078	C0332290
27312263	848	857	different	T080	C1705242
27312263	858	871	habitat types	T082	C0871648
27312263	877	887	abundances	T080	C2346714
27312263	891	903	hard-shelled	T001	C0596121
27312263	908	924	soft-bodied prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	940	948	habitats	T082	C0871648
27312263	953	960	feeding	T052	C2987508
27312263	961	972	experiments	T062	C0681814
27312263	974	984	N. bredini	T204	C1058190
27312263	985	993	consumed	T039	C1947907
27312263	999	1009	prey types	T001	C0596121
27312263	1011	1021	N. bredini	T204	C1058190
27312263	1022	1030	consumed	T039	C1947907
27312263	1033	1038	range	T081	C1514721
27312263	1042	1051	different	T080	C1705242
27312263	1052	1056	prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	1057	1069	in the field	T082	C3539073
27312263	1083	1095	unexpectedly	T033	C0243095
27312263	1101	1124	stable isotope analysis	T062	C1257948
27312263	1143	1159	soft-bodied prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	1172	1177	large	T081	C0549177
27312263	1178	1188	proportion	T081	C1709707
27312263	1206	1210	diet	T168	C0012155
27312263	1219	1227	habitats	T082	C0871648
27312263	1237	1268	Bayesian mixing model framework	T081,T170	C0026348
27312263	1270	1277	MixSIAR	T170	C0037589
27312263	1329	1342	uninformative	T080	C0205556
27312263	1359	1365	priors	T080	C0205556
27312263	1370	1388	informative priors	T080	C0205556
27312263	1402	1412	specialist	T077	C1704211
27312263	1413	1417	diet	T168	C0012155
27312263	1421	1438	hard-shelled prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	1443	1447	prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	1448	1458	abundances	T080	C2346714
27312263	1459	1471	in the field	T082	C3539073
27312263	1491	1502	expectation	T078	C0679138
27312263	1508	1519	specialized	T077	C1704211
27312263	1520	1527	feeding	T052	C2987508
27312263	1528	1538	morphology	T080	C0332437
27312263	1542	1552	N. bredini	T204	C1058190
27312263	1570	1575	broad	T082	C0332464
27312263	1576	1580	diet	T168	C0012155
27312263	1589	1601	hard-shelled	T001	C0596121
27312263	1606	1622	soft-bodied prey	T001	C0596121
27312263	1670	1677	natural	T169	C0205296
27312263	1678	1683	diets	T168	C0012155
27312263	1702	1713	specialists	T077	C1704211
27312263	1735	1746	specialized	T077	C1704211
27312263	1747	1757	morphology	T080	C0332437
27312263	1785	1792	narrows	T080	C0333164
27312263	1793	1805	diet breadth	T081	C0392762

27312275|t|Toxicity assessment of water-accommodated fractions from two different oils using a zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo - larval bioassay with a multilevel approach
27312275|a|Petroleum compounds from chronic discharges and oil spills represent an important source of environmental pollution. To better understand the deleterious effects of these compounds, the toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (WAF) from two different oils (brut Arabian Light and Erika heavy fuel oils) were used in this study. Zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) were exposed during 96 h at three WAF concentrations (1, 10 and 100% for Arabian Light and 10, 50 and 100% for Erika) in order to cover a wide range of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations, representative of the levels found after environmental oil spills. Several endpoints were recorded at different levels of biological organization, including lethal endpoints, morphological abnormalities, photomotor behavioral responses, cardiac activity, DNA damage and exposure level measurements (EROD activity, cyp1a and PAH metabolites). Neither morphological nor behavioral or physiological alterations were observed after exposure to Arabian Light fractions. In contrast, the Erika fractions led a high degree of toxicity in early life stages of zebrafish. Despite of defense mechanisms induced by oil, acute toxic effects have been recorded including mortality, delayed hatching, high rates of developmental abnormalities, disrupted locomotor activity and cardiac failures at the highest PAH concentrations (∑TPAHs=257,029±47,231ng·L(-1)). Such differences in toxicity are likely related to the oil composition. The use of developing zebrafish is a good tool to identify wide range of detrimental effects and elucidate their underlying foundations. Our work highlights once more, the cardiotoxic action (and potentially neurotoxic) of petroleum -related PAHs.
27312275	0	8	Toxicity	T037	C0600688
27312275	9	19	assessment	T052	C1516048
27312275	23	51	water-accommodated fractions	T167	C1705217
27312275	71	75	oils	T109	C0028908
27312275	84	93	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27312275	95	106	Danio rerio	T013	C0043457
27312275	108	114	embryo	T018	C0013935
27312275	117	123	larval	T204	C0023047
27312275	124	132	bioassay	T059	C0005507
27312275	140	159	multilevel approach	T062	C0814909
27312275	160	179	Petroleum compounds	T131	C4050366
27312275	185	192	chronic	T079	C0205191
27312275	193	203	discharges	T169	C0332234
27312275	208	218	oil spills	T069	C0337182
27312275	252	275	environmental pollution	T069	C0014419
27312275	302	321	deleterious effects	T080	C1280500
27312275	331	340	compounds	T131	C4050366
27312275	346	354	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27312275	358	386	water-accommodated fractions	T167	C1705217
27312275	388	391	WAF	T167	C1705217
27312275	412	416	oils	T109	C0028908
27312275	418	436	brut Arabian Light	T109	C0028908
27312275	441	462	Erika heavy fuel oils	T109	C0016792
27312275	482	487	study	T062	C2603343
27312275	489	498	Zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27312275	499	506	embryos	T018	C0013935
27312275	508	519	Danio rerio	T013	C0043457
27312275	544	545	h	T079	C0439227
27312275	555	558	WAF	T167	C1705217
27312275	559	573	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27312275	594	607	Arabian Light	T109	C0028908
27312275	632	637	Erika	T109	C0016792
27312275	673	704	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon	T109	C0032458
27312275	706	709	PAH	T109	C0032458
27312275	711	725	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27312275	727	741	representative	T052	C1882932
27312275	749	755	levels	T080	C0441889
27312275	768	781	environmental	T082	C0014406
27312275	782	792	oil spills	T069	C0337182
27312275	802	811	endpoints	T080	C2349179
27312275	839	845	levels	T080	C0441889
27312275	849	872	biological organization	T040	C0026559
27312275	884	890	lethal	T033	C3151529
27312275	891	900	endpoints	T080	C2349179
27312275	902	929	morphological abnormalities	T019	C0000768
27312275	931	962	photomotor behavioral responses	T053	C0004927
27312275	964	980	cardiac activity	T033	C0443168
27312275	982	992	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27312275	997	1005	exposure	T080	C0332157
27312275	1006	1011	level	T080	C0441889
27312275	1012	1024	measurements	T169	C0242485
27312275	1026	1030	EROD	T116,T126	C0059735
27312275	1031	1039	activity	T044	C1537044
27312275	1041	1046	cyp1a	T116,T126	C0059735
27312275	1051	1054	PAH	T109	C0032458
27312275	1055	1066	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27312275	1077	1090	morphological	T080	C0332437
27312275	1095	1105	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27312275	1109	1122	physiological	T169	C0205463
27312275	1123	1134	alterations	T078	C1515926
27312275	1155	1163	exposure	T080	C0332157
27312275	1167	1180	Arabian Light	T109	C0028908
27312275	1181	1190	fractions	T167	C1705217
27312275	1209	1214	Erika	T109	C0016792
27312275	1215	1224	fractions	T167	C1705217
27312275	1236	1242	degree	T080	C0441889
27312275	1246	1254	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27312275	1258	1263	early	T079	C1279919
27312275	1264	1275	life stages	T079	C0680083
27312275	1279	1288	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27312275	1301	1308	defense	T077	C1880266
27312275	1309	1319	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27312275	1331	1334	oil	T109	C0028908
27312275	1336	1341	acute	T079	C0205178
27312275	1342	1355	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
27312275	1385	1394	mortality	T081	C0205848
27312275	1396	1403	delayed	T079	C0205421
27312275	1404	1412	hatching	T040	C0598016
27312275	1419	1424	rates	T081	C1521828
27312275	1428	1455	developmental abnormalities	T019	C0000768
27312275	1457	1466	disrupted	T080	C0332454
27312275	1467	1485	locomotor activity	T040	C0023946
27312275	1490	1506	cardiac failures	T047	C0018801
27312275	1522	1525	PAH	T109	C0032458
27312275	1526	1540	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27312275	1594	1602	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27312275	1629	1632	oil	T109	C0028908
27312275	1633	1644	composition	T070	C0243176
27312275	1668	1677	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27312275	1719	1738	detrimental effects	T080	C1280500
27312275	1818	1836	cardiotoxic action	T131	C1256754
27312275	1854	1864	neurotoxic	T131	C0260049
27312275	1869	1878	petroleum	T109	C0031264
27312275	1888	1892	PAHs	T109	C0032458

27312354|t|Effect of constitutive inactivation of the myostatin gene on the gain in muscle strength during postnatal growth in two murine models
27312354|a|The effect of constitutive inactivation of the gene encoding myostatin on the gain in muscle performance during postnatal growth has not been well characterized. We analyzed 2 murine myostatin knockout (KO) models, (i) the Lee model (KO(Lee)) and (ii) the Grobet model (KO(Grobet)), and measured the contraction of tibialis anterior muscle in situ. Absolute maximal isometric force was increased in 6-month-old KO(Lee) and KO(Grobet) mice, as compared to wild-type mice. Similarly, absolute maximal power was increased in 6-month-old KO(Lee) mice. In contrast, specific maximal force (relative maximal force per unit of muscle mass was decreased in all 6-month-old male and female KO mice, except in 6-month -old female KO(Grobet) mice, whereas specific maximal power was reduced only in male KO(Lee) mice. Genetic inactivation of myostatin increases maximal force and power, but in return it reduces muscle quality, particularly in male mice. Muscle Nerve 55: 254-261, 2017.
27312354	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27312354	10	35	constitutive inactivation	T045	C0598496
27312354	43	57	myostatin gene	T028	C1333667
27312354	65	69	gain	T081	C1517378
27312354	73	88	muscle strength	T042	C0517349
27312354	96	112	postnatal growth	T040	C0243109
27312354	120	126	murine	T015	C0025929
27312354	127	133	models	T008	C0599779
27312354	138	144	effect	T080	C1280500
27312354	148	173	constitutive inactivation	T045	C0598496
27312354	181	204	gene encoding myostatin	T028	C1333667
27312354	212	216	gain	T081	C1517378
27312354	220	238	muscle performance	T042	C0517349
27312354	246	262	postnatal growth	T040	C0243109
27312354	310	316	murine	T015	C0025929
27312354	317	326	myostatin	T028	C1333667
27312354	327	347	knockout (KO) models	T008	C1171353
27312354	357	366	Lee model	T008	C0599779
27312354	368	374	KO(Lee	T015	C0206745
27312354	390	402	Grobet model	T008	C0599779
27312354	404	414	KO(Grobet)	T015	C0206745
27312354	421	429	measured	T080	C0444706
27312354	434	445	contraction	T039	C0026820
27312354	449	473	tibialis anterior muscle	T023	C0242690
27312354	474	481	in situ	T082	C0444498
27312354	483	515	Absolute maximal isometric force	T042	C0022205
27312354	520	529	increased	T081	C0205217
27312354	545	552	KO(Lee)	T015	C0206745
27312354	557	572	KO(Grobet) mice	T015	C0206745
27312354	577	585	compared	T052	C1707455
27312354	589	603	wild-type mice	T015	C0026809
27312354	616	638	absolute maximal power	T042	C0517349
27312354	643	652	increased	T081	C0205217
27312354	668	680	KO(Lee) mice	T015	C0206745
27312354	695	703	specific	T080	C0205369
27312354	704	717	maximal force	T042	C0517349
27312354	719	727	relative	T080	C0205345
27312354	728	741	maximal force	T042	C0517349
27312354	754	760	muscle	T024	C0026845
27312354	761	765	mass	T033	C0577559
27312354	770	779	decreased	T081	C0205216
27312354	799	803	male	T032	C0086582
27312354	808	814	female	T032	C0086287
27312354	815	822	KO mice	T015	C0206745
27312354	824	830	except	T169	C0332300
27312354	834	841	6-month	T079	C0439231
27312354	847	853	female	T032	C0086287
27312354	854	869	KO(Grobet) mice	T015	C0206745
27312354	879	887	specific	T080	C0205369
27312354	888	901	maximal power	T040	C2371225
27312354	906	913	reduced	T080	C0392756
27312354	922	926	male	T032	C0086582
27312354	927	939	KO(Lee) mice	T015	C0206745
27312354	941	961	Genetic inactivation	T045	C0598496
27312354	965	974	myostatin	T028	C1333667
27312354	975	984	increases	T169	C0442805
27312354	985	998	maximal force	T042	C0517349
27312354	1003	1008	power	T040	C2371225
27312354	1017	1023	return	T080	C0332156
27312354	1027	1034	reduces	T080	C0392756
27312354	1035	1041	muscle	T024	C0026845
27312354	1042	1049	quality	T080	C0332306
27312354	1067	1071	male	T032	C0086582
27312354	1072	1076	mice	T015	C0026809

27312379|t|Evaluation of the in vitro growth of urinary tract infection -causing gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria in a proposed synthetic human urine (SHU) medium
27312379|a|Bacteriuria is a hallmark of urinary tract infection (UTI) and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU), which are among the most frequent infections in humans. A variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria are associated with these infections but Escherichia coli contributes up to 80% of cases. Multiple bacterial species including E. coli can grow in human urine as a means to maintain colonization during infections. In vitro bacteriuria studies aimed at modeling microbial growth in urine have utilized various compositions of synthetic human urine (SHU) and a Composite SHU formulation was recently proposed. In this study, we sought to validate the recently proposed Composite SHU as a medium that supports the growth of several bacterial species that are known to grow in normal human urine and/or artificial urine. Comparative growth assays of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Enterococcus faecalis were undertaken using viable bacterial count and optical density measurements over a 48h culture period. Three different SHU formulations were tested in various culture vessels, shaking conditions and volumes and showed that Composite SHU can support the robust growth of gram-negative bacteria but requires supplementation with 0.2% yeast extract to support the growth of gram-positive bacteria. Experiments are also presented that show an unexpected but major influence of P. mirabilis towards the ability to measure bacterial growth in generally accepted multiwell assays using absorbance readings, predicted to have a basis in the release of volatile organic compound(s) from P. mirabilis during growth in Composite SHU medium. This study represents an essential methodological validation of a more chemically defined type of synthetic urine that can be applied to study mechanisms of bacteriuria and we conclude will offer a useful in vitro model to investigate the basis of some of the most common infections of humans.
27312379	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27312379	18	26	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27312379	27	33	growth	T040	C0178747
27312379	37	60	urinary tract infection	T047	C0042029
27312379	70	83	gram-negative	T007	C0018150
27312379	88	110	gram-positive bacteria	T007	C0018154
27312379	116	124	proposed	T080	C1553874
27312379	125	134	synthetic	T080	C2004457
27312379	135	140	human	T016	C0086418
27312379	141	146	urine	T031	C1610733
27312379	148	151	SHU	T031	C1610733
27312379	153	159	medium	T130	C0010454
27312379	160	171	Bacteriuria	T047	C0004659
27312379	189	212	urinary tract infection	T047	C0042029
27312379	214	217	UTI	T047	C0042029
27312379	223	247	asymptomatic bacteriuria	T047	C0262380
27312379	249	252	ABU	T047	C0262380
27312379	280	288	frequent	T079	C0332183
27312379	289	299	infections	T046	C3714514
27312379	303	309	humans	T016	C0086418
27312379	324	337	gram-negative	T007	C0018150
27312379	342	364	gram-positive bacteria	T007	C0018154
27312379	369	384	associated with	T080	C0332281
27312379	391	401	infections	T046	C3714514
27312379	406	422	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27312379	423	434	contributes	T052	C1880177
27312379	448	453	cases	T077	C1706256
27312379	455	463	Multiple	T081	C0439064
27312379	464	481	bacterial species	T007	C0004611
27312379	492	499	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27312379	504	508	grow	T040	C0178747
27312379	512	517	human	T016	C0086418
27312379	518	523	urine	T031	C1610733
27312379	538	546	maintain	T052	C0024501
27312379	547	559	colonization	T033	C4289767
27312379	567	577	infections	T046	C3714514
27312379	579	587	In vitro	T080	C1533691
27312379	588	599	bacteriuria	T047	C0004659
27312379	600	607	studies	T062	C2603343
27312379	608	613	aimed	T078	C1947946
27312379	617	625	modeling	T062	C0870071
27312379	626	642	microbial growth	T040	C0178747
27312379	646	651	urine	T031	C1610733
27312379	674	686	compositions	T201	C0486616
27312379	690	699	synthetic	T080	C2004457
27312379	700	705	human	T016	C0086418
27312379	706	711	urine	T031	C1610733
27312379	713	716	SHU	T031	C1610733
27312379	724	733	Composite	T080	C0205199
27312379	734	737	SHU	T031	C1610733
27312379	738	749	formulation	T167	C0729650
27312379	763	771	proposed	T080	C1553874
27312379	781	786	study	T062	C2603343
27312379	801	809	validate	T062	C1519941
27312379	823	831	proposed	T080	C1553874
27312379	832	841	Composite	T080	C0205199
27312379	842	845	SHU	T031	C1610733
27312379	851	857	medium	T130	C0010454
27312379	863	871	supports	T077	C1521721
27312379	876	882	growth	T040	C0178747
27312379	886	893	several	T081	C0443302
27312379	894	911	bacterial species	T007	C0004611
27312379	930	934	grow	T040	C0178747
27312379	938	944	normal	T080	C0205307
27312379	945	950	human	T016	C0086418
27312379	951	956	urine	T031	C1610733
27312379	964	974	artificial	T080	C2004457
27312379	975	980	urine	T031	C1610733
27312379	982	993	Comparative	T062	C0683941
27312379	994	1007	growth assays	T034	C0427944
27312379	1011	1024	gram-negative	T007	C0018150
27312379	1029	1051	gram-positive bacteria	T007	C0018154
27312379	1052	1059	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27312379	1061	1083	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27312379	1085	1102	Proteus mirabilis	T007	C0033701
27312379	1104	1128	Streptococcus agalactiae	T007	C0579233
27312379	1130	1158	Staphylococcus saprophyticus	T007	C0318112
27312379	1163	1184	Enterococcus faecalis	T007	C0038404
27312379	1207	1213	viable	T080	C0443348
27312379	1214	1229	bacterial count	T059	C0004618
27312379	1234	1262	optical density measurements	T059	C1266211
27312379	1274	1281	culture	T059	C0430400
27312379	1282	1288	period	T079	C1948053
27312379	1306	1309	SHU	T031	C1610733
27312379	1310	1322	formulations	T167	C0729650
27312379	1328	1334	tested	T169	C0039593
27312379	1338	1345	various	T080	C1705242
27312379	1346	1361	culture vessels	T074	C3856437
27312379	1363	1381	shaking conditions	T052	C1883023
27312379	1386	1393	volumes	T081	C0449468
27312379	1410	1419	Composite	T080	C0205199
27312379	1420	1423	SHU	T031	C1610733
27312379	1428	1435	support	T077	C1521721
27312379	1440	1446	robust	T080	C2986815
27312379	1447	1453	growth	T040	C0178747
27312379	1457	1479	gram-negative bacteria	T007	C0018150
27312379	1484	1492	requires	T080	C0027552
27312379	1493	1508	supplementation	T169	C2348609
27312379	1519	1532	yeast extract	T004	C1960916
27312379	1536	1543	support	T077	C1521721
27312379	1548	1554	growth	T040	C0178747
27312379	1558	1580	gram-positive bacteria	T007	C0018154
27312379	1582	1593	Experiments	T062	C0681814
27312379	1626	1636	unexpected	T170	C4055646
27312379	1641	1646	major	T080	C0205164
27312379	1647	1656	influence	T077	C4054723
27312379	1660	1672	P. mirabilis	T007	C0033701
27312379	1696	1720	measure bacterial growth	T034	C0427944
27312379	1724	1742	generally accepted	T080	C1272684
27312379	1743	1759	multiwell assays	T059	C1510438
27312379	1766	1785	absorbance readings	T201	C1268822
27312379	1787	1796	predicted	T078	C0681842
27312379	1807	1812	basis	T169	C1527178
27312379	1820	1827	release	T169	C1283071
27312379	1831	1859	volatile organic compound(s)	T109	C2350439
27312379	1865	1877	P. mirabilis	T007	C0033701
27312379	1885	1891	growth	T040	C0178747
27312379	1895	1904	Composite	T080	C0205199
27312379	1905	1908	SHU	T031	C1610733
27312379	1909	1915	medium	T130	C0010454
27312379	1922	1927	study	T062	C2603343
27312379	1942	1951	essential	T080	C0205224
27312379	1952	1966	methodological	T170	C0969625
27312379	1967	1977	validation	T062	C1519941
27312379	1983	1987	more	T081	C0205172
27312379	1988	1998	chemically	T103	C0220806
27312379	1999	2006	defined	T052	C1880022
27312379	2015	2024	synthetic	T080	C2004457
27312379	2025	2030	urine	T031	C1610733
27312379	2054	2059	study	T062	C2603343
27312379	2060	2070	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27312379	2074	2085	bacteriuria	T047	C0004659
27312379	2093	2101	conclude	T078	C1707478
27312379	2122	2136	in vitro model	T062	C0681828
27312379	2140	2151	investigate	T169	C1292732
27312379	2156	2161	basis	T169	C1527178
27312379	2189	2199	infections	T046	C3714514
27312379	2203	2209	humans	T016	C0086418

27312487|t|Osteopontin expression in co-cultures of human squamous cell carcinoma -derived cells and osteoblastic cells and its effects on the neoplastic cell phenotype and osteoclastic activation
27312487|a|This study evaluated the temporal expression of osteopontin (OPN) in co-cultures of human osteoblastic cells (SAOS-2) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)-derived cells (SCC9) and examined the effects of osteoblast -derived OPN on the neoplastic cell phenotype. Additionally, the effects of these co-cultures on subsequent osteoclastic activity were explored. SCC9 cells were plated on Transwell® membranes that were either coated or not coated with Matrigel and were then co-cultured with SAOS-2 cells during the peak of OPN expression. SCC9 cells exposed to OPN -silenced SAOS-2 cultures and SCC9 cells cultured alone served as controls. SCC9 cells were quantitatively evaluated for cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and invasion into Matrigel. The impact of co-culturing SAOS-2 and SCC9 cells on the resorptive capacity of U-937 -derived osteoclastic cells was also investigated. Furthermore, a reciprocal induction of SAOS-2 and SCC9 cells in terms of OPN expression over the co-culture interval was identified. SAOS-2 -secreted OPN altered the SCC9 cell phenotype, leading to enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation and higher Matrigel invasion. This invasion was also enhanced, albeit to a lesser degree, by co-culture with OPN - silenced SAOS-2 cells. Cell migration was not affected. Co-culture with SAOS-2 cells -mainly during the period of peak OPN expression -promoted over-expression of IL-6 and IL-8 by SCC9 cells and enhanced the resorptive capacity of osteoclastic cells. Taken together, these results suggest that osteoblast -derived OPN affects the interactions among OSCC -derived epithelial cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts, which could contribute to the process of bone destruction during bone invasion by OSCC.
27312487	0	11	Osteopontin	T116,T123	C0069676
27312487	12	22	expression	T045	C1171362
27312487	26	37	co-cultures	T025	C0007600
27312487	41	46	human	T016	C0086418
27312487	47	70	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
27312487	80	85	cells	T025	C0085983
27312487	90	108	osteoblastic cells	T025	C0029418
27312487	117	124	effects	T080	C1280500
27312487	132	147	neoplastic cell	T025	C0597032
27312487	148	157	phenotype	T032	C1318444
27312487	162	174	osteoclastic	T025	C0029431
27312487	175	185	activation	T043	C1326120
27312487	191	196	study	T062	C2603343
27312487	197	206	evaluated	T169	C1292732
27312487	211	219	temporal	T079	C2362314
27312487	220	230	expression	T045	C1171362
27312487	234	245	osteopontin	T116,T123	C0069676
27312487	247	250	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27312487	255	266	co-cultures	T025	C0007600
27312487	270	275	human	T016	C0086418
27312487	276	294	osteoblastic cells	T025	C0029418
27312487	296	302	SAOS-2	T025	C0029418
27312487	308	336	oral squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0585362
27312487	338	342	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27312487	352	357	cells	T025	C0085983
27312487	359	363	SCC9	T025	C0085983
27312487	369	377	examined	T033	C0332128
27312487	382	389	effects	T080	C1280500
27312487	393	403	osteoblast	T025	C0029418
27312487	413	416	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27312487	424	439	neoplastic cell	T025	C0597032
27312487	440	449	phenotype	T032	C1318444
27312487	469	476	effects	T080	C1280500
27312487	486	497	co-cultures	T025	C0007600
27312487	512	524	osteoclastic	T025	C0029431
27312487	525	533	activity	T043	C0007613
27312487	549	559	SCC9 cells	T025	C0085983
27312487	575	595	Transwell® membranes	T073	C1706182
27312487	613	619	coated	T080	C1522408
27312487	639	647	Matrigel	T116,T130	C0065749
27312487	662	673	co-cultured	T059	C0007585
27312487	679	691	SAOS-2 cells	T025	C0029418
27312487	711	714	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27312487	715	725	expression	T045	C1171362
27312487	727	737	SCC9 cells	T025	C0085983
27312487	749	752	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27312487	763	769	SAOS-2	T025	C0029418
27312487	770	778	cultures	T025	C0007600
27312487	783	793	SCC9 cells	T025	C0085983
27312487	794	802	cultured	T059	C0007585
27312487	819	827	controls	T096	C0009932
27312487	829	839	SCC9 cells	T025	C0085983
27312487	845	869	quantitatively evaluated	T081	C0034384
27312487	874	887	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27312487	889	902	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27312487	904	913	migration	T043	C1622501
27312487	919	927	invasion	T046	C2699153
27312487	933	941	Matrigel	T116,T130	C0065749
27312487	957	969	co-culturing	T059	C0007585
27312487	970	976	SAOS-2	T025	C0029418
27312487	981	991	SCC9 cells	T025	C0085983
27312487	1022	1027	U-937	T025	C0600531
27312487	1037	1055	osteoclastic cells	T025	C0029431
27312487	1065	1077	investigated	T169	C1292732
27312487	1094	1104	reciprocal	T080	C1882911
27312487	1105	1114	induction	T169	C0205263
27312487	1118	1124	SAOS-2	T025	C0029418
27312487	1129	1139	SCC9 cells	T025	C0085983
27312487	1152	1155	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27312487	1156	1166	expression	T045	C1171362
27312487	1176	1186	co-culture	T025	C0007600
27312487	1212	1218	SAOS-2	T025	C0029418
27312487	1229	1232	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27312487	1245	1254	SCC9 cell	T025	C0085983
27312487	1255	1264	phenotype	T032	C1318444
27312487	1277	1285	enhanced	T081	C0205217
27312487	1286	1299	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27312487	1304	1317	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27312487	1329	1337	Matrigel	T116,T130	C0065749
27312487	1338	1346	invasion	T046	C2699153
27312487	1353	1361	invasion	T046	C2699153
27312487	1411	1421	co-culture	T025	C0007600
27312487	1427	1430	OPN	T028	C2987232
27312487	1433	1441	silenced	T045	C0598496
27312487	1442	1454	SAOS-2 cells	T025	C0029418
27312487	1456	1470	Cell migration	T043	C1622501
27312487	1489	1499	Co-culture	T025	C0007600
27312487	1505	1517	SAOS-2 cells	T025	C0029418
27312487	1552	1555	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27312487	1556	1566	expression	T045	C1171362
27312487	1577	1592	over-expression	T045	C1171362
27312487	1596	1600	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27312487	1605	1609	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
27312487	1613	1623	SCC9 cells	T025	C0085983
27312487	1641	1651	resorptive	T052	C1948029
27312487	1664	1682	osteoclastic cells	T025	C0029431
27312487	1706	1713	results	T033	C0683954
27312487	1727	1737	osteoblast	T025	C0029418
27312487	1747	1750	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27312487	1751	1758	affects	T169	C0392760
27312487	1763	1775	interactions	T043	C0007582
27312487	1782	1786	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27312487	1796	1812	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27312487	1814	1825	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27312487	1831	1842	osteoclasts	T025	C0029431
27312487	1874	1881	process	T067	C1522240
27312487	1885	1901	bone destruction	T047	C0238790
27312487	1909	1913	bone	T023	C0262950
27312487	1914	1922	invasion	T046	C2699153
27312487	1926	1930	OSCC	T191	C0585362

27312729|t|Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Alterations in Cortical Glutamate Uptake without a Reduction in Glutamate Transporter-1 Protein Expression
27312729|a|We hypothesize that the primary mechanism for removal of glutamate from the extracellular space is altered after traumatic brain injury (TBI). To evaluate this hypothesis, we initiated TBI in adult male rats using a 2.0 atm lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) model. In the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus, we found no differences in expression of the primary glutamate transporter in the brain (GLT-1) 24 h after TBI. In contrast, we found a decrease in glutamate uptake in the cortex, but not the hippocampus, 24 h after injury. Because glutamate uptake is potently regulated by protein kinases, we assessed global serine-threonine protein kinase activity using a kinome array platform. Twenty-five kinome array peptide substrates were differentially phoshorylated between LFPI and controls in the cortex, whereas 19 peptide substrates were differentially phosphorylated in the hippocampus (fold change ≥ ± 1.15). We identified several kinases as likely to be involved in acute TBI, including protein kinase B (Akt) and protein kinase C (PKC), which are well-characterized modulators of GLT-1. Exploratory studies using an inhibitor of Akt suggest selective activation of kinases in LFPI versus controls. Ingenuity pathway analyses of implicated kinases from our network model found apoptosis and cell death pathways as top functions in acute LFPI. Taken together, our data suggest diminished activity of glutamate transporters in the prefrontal cortex, with no changes in protein expression of the primary glutamate transporter GLT-1, and global alteration s in signaling networks that include serine-threonine kinases that are known modulators of glutamate transport activity.
27312729	0	22	Traumatic Brain Injury	T037	C0876926
27312729	23	30	Induces	T169	C0205263
27312729	31	42	Alterations	T078	C1515926
27312729	46	54	Cortical	T023	C0007776
27312729	55	64	Glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27312729	65	71	Uptake	T039	C0243144
27312729	82	91	Reduction	T080	C0392756
27312729	95	126	Glutamate Transporter-1 Protein	T116,T123	C0295921
27312729	127	137	Expression	T045	C1171362
27312729	162	179	primary mechanism	T169	C0441712
27312729	184	191	removal	T052	C1883720
27312729	195	204	glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27312729	214	233	extracellular space	T030	C0015352
27312729	237	244	altered	T169	C0392747
27312729	251	273	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
27312729	275	278	TBI	T037	C0876926
27312729	284	292	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27312729	298	308	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27312729	313	322	initiated	T169	C1704686
27312729	323	326	TBI	T037	C0876926
27312729	330	345	adult male rats	T015	C0034693
27312729	362	406	lateral fluid percussion injury (LFPI) model	T170	C0086272
27312729	395	399	LFPI	T170	C0086272
27312729	415	426	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27312729	427	433	cortex	T023	C0007776
27312729	438	449	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27312729	460	474	no differences	T033	C3842396
27312729	478	488	expression	T045	C1171362
27312729	496	525	primary glutamate transporter	T116,T123	C0061467
27312729	533	538	brain	T023	C0006104
27312729	540	545	GLT-1	T116,T123	C0061467
27312729	558	561	TBI	T037	C0876926
27312729	566	574	contrast	T080	C1979874
27312729	587	595	decrease	T081	C0547047
27312729	599	608	glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27312729	609	615	uptake	T039	C0243144
27312729	623	629	cortex	T023	C0007776
27312729	643	654	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27312729	667	673	injury	T037	C3263723
27312729	683	692	glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27312729	693	699	uptake	T039	C0243144
27312729	712	721	regulated	T080	C0205556
27312729	725	740	protein kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
27312729	745	753	assessed	T052	C1516048
27312729	761	792	serine-threonine protein kinase	T116,T126	C0072402
27312729	793	801	activity	T044	C0243102
27312729	810	831	kinome array platform	T170	C2964215
27312729	833	844	Twenty-five	T081	C3715062
27312729	845	857	kinome array	T170	C2964215
27312729	858	876	peptide substrates	T116	C0030956
27312729	897	910	phoshorylated	T044	C1158886
27312729	919	923	LFPI	T170	C0086272
27312729	928	936	controls	T096	C0009932
27312729	944	950	cortex	T023	C0007776
27312729	963	981	peptide substrates	T116	C0030956
27312729	1002	1016	phosphorylated	T044	C1158886
27312729	1024	1035	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27312729	1063	1073	identified	T080	C0205396
27312729	1074	1089	several kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
27312729	1106	1114	involved	T169	C1314939
27312729	1118	1123	acute	T079	C0205178
27312729	1124	1127	TBI	T037	C0876926
27312729	1139	1155	protein kinase B	T116,T126	C0164786
27312729	1157	1160	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
27312729	1166	1182	protein kinase C	T116,T126	C0033634
27312729	1184	1187	PKC	T116,T126	C0033634
27312729	1200	1218	well-characterized	T052	C1880022
27312729	1219	1229	modulators	T116,T121	C0072370
27312729	1233	1238	GLT-1	T116,T123	C0061467
27312729	1240	1259	Exploratory studies	T062	C2603343
27312729	1269	1278	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27312729	1282	1285	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
27312729	1294	1314	selective activation	T052	C1879547
27312729	1318	1325	kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
27312729	1329	1333	LFPI	T170	C0086272
27312729	1341	1349	controls	T096	C0009932
27312729	1351	1377	Ingenuity pathway analyses	T170	C0868995
27312729	1392	1399	kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
27312729	1409	1422	network model	T170	C3161035
27312729	1429	1438	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27312729	1443	1453	cell death	T043	C0007587
27312729	1454	1462	pathways	T077	C1705987
27312729	1470	1479	functions	T169	C0542341
27312729	1483	1488	acute	T079	C0205178
27312729	1489	1493	LFPI	T170	C0086272
27312729	1515	1519	data	T078	C1511726
27312729	1528	1538	diminished	T081	C0205216
27312729	1539	1547	activity	T052	C0441655
27312729	1551	1560	glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27312729	1581	1598	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
27312729	1605	1615	no changes	T033	C0243095
27312729	1619	1637	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27312729	1653	1674	glutamate transporter	T116,T123	C0295921
27312729	1675	1680	GLT-1	T116,T123	C0061467
27312729	1693	1703	alteration	T078	C1515926
27312729	1709	1727	signaling networks	T044	C0037080
27312729	1741	1765	serine-threonine kinases	T116,T126	C0072402
27312729	1781	1791	modulators	T116,T121	C0072370
27312729	1795	1823	glutamate transport activity	T043	C1159475

27313537|t|Ca(2+) - Clock-Dependent Pacemaking in the Sinus Node Is Impaired in Mice with a Cardiac Specific Reduction in SERCA2 Abundance
27313537|a|The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase
27313537	0	6	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27313537	9	24	Clock-Dependent	T040	C0005511
27313537	25	35	Pacemaking	T061	C0199640
27313537	43	53	Sinus Node	T023	C0037189
27313537	57	65	Impaired	T169	C0221099
27313537	69	73	Mice	T015	C0026809
27313537	81	88	Cardiac	T023	C0018787
27313537	98	107	Reduction	T080	C0392756
27313537	111	117	SERCA2	T116,T126	C0916181
27313537	118	127	Abundance	T080	C2346714
27313537	132	168	sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase	T116,T126	C0916181

27313614|t|Frequency of BCR-ABL Transcript Types in Syrian CML Patients
27313614|a|Background. In Syria, CML patients are started on tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and monitored until complete molecular response is achieved. BCR-ABL mRNA transcript type is not routinely identified, contrary to the recommendations. In this study we aimed to identify the frequency of different BCR-ABL transcripts in Syrian CML patients and highlight their significance on monitoring and treatment protocols. Methods. CML patients positive for BCR-ABL transcripts by quantitative RT-PCR were enrolled. BCR-ABL transcript types were investigated using a home-made PCR method that was adapted from published protocols and optimized. The transcript types were then confirmed using a commercially available research kit. Results. Twenty-four transcripts were found in 21 patients. The most common was b2a2, followed by b3a2, b3a3, and e1a3 present solely in 12 (57.1%), 3 (14.3%), 2 (9.5%), and 1 (4.8%), respectively. Three samples (14.3%) contained dual transcripts. While b3a2 transcript was apparently associated with warning molecular response to imatinib treatment, b2a2, b3a3, and e1a3 transcripts collectively proved otherwise (P = 0.047). Conclusion. It might be advisable to identify the BCR-ABL transcript type in CML patients at diagnosis, using an empirically verified method, in order to link the detected transcript with the clinical findings, possible resistance to treatment, and appropriate monitoring methods.
27313614	13	20	BCR-ABL	T028	C1835417
27313614	21	31	Transcript	T114	C1519595
27313614	41	47	Syrian	T098	C0337819
27313614	48	51	CML	T191	C0023473
27313614	52	60	Patients	T101	C0030705
27313614	76	81	Syria	T083	C0039138
27313614	83	86	CML	T191	C0023473
27313614	87	95	patients	T101	C0030705
27313614	111	137	tyrosine kinase inhibitors	T044	C2757011
27313614	139	143	TKIs	T044	C2757011
27313614	174	192	molecular response	T033	C4054479
27313614	206	213	BCR-ABL	T028	C1835417
27313614	214	218	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27313614	219	229	transcript	T114	C1519595
27313614	280	295	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27313614	359	366	BCR-ABL	T028	C1835417
27313614	367	378	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27313614	382	388	Syrian	T098	C0337819
27313614	389	392	CML	T191	C0023473
27313614	393	401	patients	T101	C0030705
27313614	453	472	treatment protocols	T061	C0040808
27313614	483	486	CML	T191	C0023473
27313614	487	495	patients	T101	C0030705
27313614	496	504	positive	T033	C1446409
27313614	509	516	BCR-ABL	T028	C1835417
27313614	517	528	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27313614	532	544	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27313614	545	551	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27313614	567	574	BCR-ABL	T028	C1835417
27313614	575	585	transcript	T114	C1519595
27313614	597	609	investigated	T169	C1292732
27313614	628	631	PCR	T063	C0032520
27313614	661	680	published protocols	T170	C0936005
27313614	685	694	optimized	T052	C2698650
27313614	700	710	transcript	T114	C1519595
27313614	768	780	research kit	T074	C0812225
27313614	803	814	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27313614	832	840	patients	T101	C0030705
27313614	862	866	b2a2	T114,T123	C3840354
27313614	880	884	b3a2	T114,T123	C3840353
27313614	886	890	b3a3	T114	C1519595
27313614	896	900	e1a3	T114	C1519595
27313614	1017	1028	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27313614	1036	1051	b3a2 transcript	T114,T123	C3840353
27313614	1067	1082	associated with	T080	C0332281
27313614	1091	1109	molecular response	T033	C4054479
27313614	1113	1121	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
27313614	1122	1131	treatment	T061	C0087111
27313614	1133	1137	b2a2	T114,T123	C3840354
27313614	1139	1143	b3a3	T114	C1519595
27313614	1149	1165	e1a3 transcripts	T114	C1519595
27313614	1259	1266	BCR-ABL	T028	C1835417
27313614	1267	1277	transcript	T114	C1519595
27313614	1286	1289	CML	T191	C0023473
27313614	1290	1298	patients	T101	C0030705
27313614	1381	1391	transcript	T114	C1519595
27313614	1401	1418	clinical findings	T170	C0455712
27313614	1429	1439	resistance	T169	C4281815
27313614	1443	1452	treatment	T061	C0087111
27313614	1470	1488	monitoring methods	T058	C1283169

27313637|t|Steamed and Fermented Ethanolic Extract from Codonopsis lanceolata Attenuates Amyloid-β - Induced Memory Impairment in Mice
27313637|a|Codonopsis lanceolata (C. lanceolata) is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases such as asthma, tonsillitis, and pharyngitis. We evaluated whether steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFC) extract improves amyloid-β - (Aβ-) induced learning and memory impairment in mice. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests were used to evaluate the effect of SFC extract. Moreover, we investigated acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the hippocampus of mice to determine a possible mechanism for the cognitive - enhancing effect. Saponin compounds in SFC were identified by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). SFC extract ameliorated amyloid-β - induced memory impairment in the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. SFC extract inhibited AChE activity and also significantly increased the level of CREB phosphorylation, BDNF expression, and ERK activation in hippocampal tissue of amyloid-β - treated mice. Lancemasides A, B, C, D, E, and G and foetidissimoside A compounds present in SFC were determined by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. These results indicate that SFC extract improves Aβ - induced memory deficits and that AChE inhibition and CREB / BDNF / ERK expression is important for the effect of the SFC extract. In addition, lancemaside A specifically may be responsible for efficacious effect of SFC.
27313637	0	21	Steamed and Fermented	T067	C1254366
27313637	22	39	Ethanolic Extract	T123	C0032081
27313637	45	66	Codonopsis lanceolata	T002	C1048063
27313637	67	77	Attenuates	T052	C0599946
27313637	78	87	Amyloid-β	T116	C3484390
27313637	90	97	Induced	T169	C0205263
27313637	98	115	Memory Impairment	T048	C0233794
27313637	119	123	Mice	T015	C0025929
27313637	124	145	Codonopsis lanceolata	T002	C1048063
27313637	147	160	C. lanceolata	T002	C1048063
27313637	179	194	medicinal plant	T002	C0032100
27313637	208	217	treatment	T169	C1522326
27313637	229	250	inflammatory diseases	T047	C1290884
27313637	259	265	asthma	T047	C0004096
27313637	267	278	tonsillitis	T047	C0040425
27313637	284	295	pharyngitis	T047	C0031350
27313637	318	339	steamed and fermented	T067	C1254366
27313637	340	353	C. lanceolata	T002	C1048063
27313637	355	358	SFC	T002	C1048063
27313637	360	367	extract	T123	C0032081
27313637	368	376	improves	T033	C0184511
27313637	377	386	amyloid-β	T116	C3484390
27313637	390	393	Aβ-	T116	C3484390
27313637	395	402	induced	T169	C0205263
27313637	403	411	learning	T041	C0023185
27313637	416	433	memory impairment	T048	C0233794
27313637	437	441	mice	T015	C0025929
27313637	447	464	Morris water maze	T059	C0022885
27313637	469	486	passive avoidance	T041	C0871047
27313637	487	492	tests	T059	C0022885
27313637	519	525	effect	T080	C1280500
27313637	529	540	SFC extract	T123	C0032081
27313637	555	567	investigated	T169	C1292732
27313637	568	604	acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity	T044	C1149827
27313637	609	642	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	T116,T123	C0107103
27313637	644	648	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27313637	651	694	cyclic AMP response element-binding protein	T116,T123	C0056695
27313637	696	700	CREB	T116,T123	C0056695
27313637	707	744	extracellular signal-regulated kinase	T116,T126	C0600388
27313637	746	749	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27313637	751	760	signaling	T044	C0037080
27313637	768	779	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27313637	783	787	mice	T015	C0025929
27313637	812	821	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27313637	830	839	cognitive	T041	C0009240
27313637	842	851	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27313637	852	858	effect	T080	C1280500
27313637	860	867	Saponin	T109	C0520481
27313637	868	877	compounds	T103	C1706082
27313637	881	884	SFC	T002	C1048063
27313637	890	900	identified	T080	C0205396
27313637	904	987	Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry	T059	C0599827
27313637	989	1002	UPLC-Q-TOF-MS	T059	C0599827
27313637	1005	1016	SFC extract	T123	C0032081
27313637	1017	1028	ameliorated	T033	C0243095
27313637	1029	1038	amyloid-β	T116	C3484390
27313637	1041	1048	induced	T169	C0205263
27313637	1049	1066	memory impairment	T048	C0233794
27313637	1074	1091	Morris water maze	T059	C0022885
27313637	1096	1113	passive avoidance	T041	C0871047
27313637	1114	1119	tests	T059	C0022885
27313637	1121	1132	SFC extract	T123	C0032081
27313637	1133	1142	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27313637	1143	1156	AChE activity	T044	C1149827
27313637	1180	1189	increased	T081	C0205217
27313637	1194	1199	level	T080	C0441889
27313637	1203	1207	CREB	T116,T123	C0056695
27313637	1208	1223	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27313637	1225	1229	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27313637	1230	1240	expression	T045	C1171362
27313637	1246	1249	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27313637	1250	1260	activation	T044	C0014429
27313637	1264	1282	hippocampal tissue	T023	C0459385
27313637	1286	1295	amyloid-β	T116	C3484390
27313637	1298	1305	treated	T169	C1522326
27313637	1306	1310	mice	T015	C0025929
27313637	1312	1326	Lancemasides A	T109	C2606537
27313637	1328	1329	B	T121	C1254351
27313637	1331	1332	C	T121	C1254351
27313637	1334	1335	D	T121	C1254351
27313637	1337	1338	E	T121	C1254351
27313637	1344	1345	G	T121	C1254351
27313637	1350	1368	foetidissimoside A	T121	C1254351
27313637	1369	1378	compounds	T103	C1706082
27313637	1390	1393	SFC	T002	C1048063
27313637	1413	1426	UPLC-Q-TOF-MS	T059	C0599827
27313637	1434	1441	results	T169	C1274040
27313637	1456	1467	SFC extract	T123	C0032081
27313637	1468	1476	improves	T033	C0184511
27313637	1477	1479	Aβ	T116	C3484390
27313637	1482	1489	induced	T169	C0205263
27313637	1490	1505	memory deficits	T048	C0233794
27313637	1515	1519	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
27313637	1520	1530	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27313637	1535	1539	CREB	T116,T123	C0056695
27313637	1542	1546	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27313637	1549	1552	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27313637	1553	1563	expression	T045	C1171362
27313637	1567	1576	important	T080	C3898777
27313637	1585	1591	effect	T080	C1280500
27313637	1599	1610	SFC extract	T123	C0032081
27313637	1625	1638	lancemaside A	T109	C2606537
27313637	1675	1686	efficacious	T080	C1704419
27313637	1687	1693	effect	T080	C1280500
27313637	1697	1700	SFC	T002	C1048063

27313723|t|Significance of ETV6 rearrangement in acute promyelocytic leukemia with t(15;17)/ promyelocytic leukemia / retinoic acid receptor alpha
27313723|a|Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a common subtype of acute myeloid leukemia in China. Since the application of arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of APL, the prognosis has greatly improved. However, ~20% of patients with APL relapse upon completing chemotherapy. Decreasing the relapse rate and incidence of early mortality may pose the greatest challenges for the future management of APL. Recently, Ets variant 6 (ETV6) was reported to be involved in a variety of translocations associated with hematological malignancies of myeloid and lymphoid origin. To date, little is known about the clinical implication of ETV6 rearrangement in APL. In the present study, ETV6 rearrangement was examined by split-signal fluorescence in situ hybridization in 258 adults with APL, and its association with the clinical features and outcomes of the patients was analyzed. The data suggested that ETV6 rearrangement may be an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for overall survival in APL patients.
27313723	0	12	Significance	T078	C0750502
27313723	16	20	ETV6	T028	C0796520
27313723	21	34	rearrangement	T045	C0017287
27313723	38	66	acute promyelocytic leukemia	T191	C0023487
27313723	82	104	promyelocytic leukemia	T191	C2745900
27313723	107	135	retinoic acid receptor alpha	T116,T192	C0140279
27313723	136	164	Acute promyelocytic leukemia	T191	C0023487
27313723	166	169	APL	T191	C0023487
27313723	183	190	subtype	T185	C0449560
27313723	194	216	acute myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023467
27313723	220	225	China	T083	C0008115
27313723	252	268	arsenic trioxide	T121,T131,T197	C0052416
27313723	273	296	all-trans retinoic acid	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27313723	304	313	treatment	T169	C1522326
27313723	317	320	APL	T191	C0023487
27313723	326	335	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27313723	348	356	improved	T080	C0332272
27313723	375	383	patients	T101	C0030705
27313723	389	392	APL	T191	C0023487
27313723	393	400	relapse	T067	C0035020
27313723	417	429	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27313723	431	441	Decreasing	T080	C0392756
27313723	446	453	relapse	T067	C0035020
27313723	454	458	rate	T081	C1521828
27313723	463	472	incidence	T081	C0021149
27313723	476	491	early mortality	T033	C1836407
27313723	505	513	greatest	T081	C0205393
27313723	514	524	challenges	T058	C0805586
27313723	540	550	management	T058	C0376636
27313723	554	557	APL	T191	C0023487
27313723	569	582	Ets variant 6	T028	C0796520
27313723	584	588	ETV6	T028	C0796520
27313723	594	602	reported	T058	C0700287
27313723	609	617	involved	T169	C1314939
27313723	634	648	translocations	T045	C1315049
27313723	665	691	hematological malignancies	T191	C0376545
27313723	695	702	myeloid	T080	C0439677
27313723	707	715	lymphoid	T080	C1518071
27313723	716	722	origin	T079	C0439659
27313723	759	767	clinical	T080	C0205210
27313723	768	779	implication	T078	C0038659
27313723	783	787	ETV6	T028	C0796520
27313723	788	801	rearrangement	T045	C0017287
27313723	805	808	APL	T191	C0023487
27313723	825	830	study	T062	C0008972
27313723	832	836	ETV6	T028	C0796520
27313723	837	850	rearrangement	T045	C0017287
27313723	867	914	split-signal fluorescence in situ hybridization	T063	C0162789
27313723	922	928	adults	T100	C0001675
27313723	934	937	APL	T191	C0023487
27313723	947	958	association	T080	C0439849
27313723	968	985	clinical features	T201	C0683325
27313723	990	998	outcomes	T078	C1547647
27313723	1006	1014	patients	T101	C0030705
27313723	1019	1027	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27313723	1033	1037	data	T078	C1511726
27313723	1053	1057	ETV6	T028	C0796520
27313723	1058	1071	rearrangement	T045	C0017287
27313723	1094	1105	unfavorable	T080	C3640815
27313723	1106	1123	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
27313723	1128	1144	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27313723	1148	1151	APL	T191	C0023487
27313723	1152	1160	patients	T101	C0030705

27314527|t|Early Cognitive Deficits in Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Study
27314527|a|Evidence links type 2 diabetes to dementia risk. However, our knowledge on the initial cognitive deficits in diabetic individuals and the factors that might promote such deficits is still limited. This study aimed to identify the cognitive domains initially impaired by diabetes and the factors that play a role in this first stage. Within the population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen, 2305 cognitively intact participants aged ≥60 y were identified. Attention / working memory, perceptual speed, category fluency, letter fluency, semantic memory, and episodic memory were assessed. Diabetes (controlled and uncontrolled) and prediabetes were ascertained by clinicians, who also collected information on vascular disorders (hypertension, heart diseases, and stroke) and vascular risk factors (VRFs, including smoking and overweight / obesity). Data were analyzed with linear regression models. Overall, 196 participants (8.5%) had diabetes, of which 144 (73.5%) had elevated glycaemia (uncontrolled diabetes); 571 (24.8%) persons had prediabetes. In addition, diabetes, mainly uncontrolled, was related to lower performance in perceptual speed (β - 1.10 [95% CI - 1.98, - 0.23]), category fluency (β - 1.27 [95% CI - 2.52, - 0.03]), and digit span forward (β - 0.35 [95% CI - 0.54, - 0.17]). Critically, these associations were present only among APOEɛ4 non-carriers. The associations of diabetes with perceptual speed and category fluency were present only among participants with VRFs or vascular disorders. Diabetes, especially uncontrolled diabetes, is associated with poorer performance in perceptual speed, category fluency, and attention / primary memory. VRFs, vascular disorders, and APOE status play a role in these associations.
27314527	0	5	Early	T079	C1279919
27314527	6	24	Cognitive Deficits	T048	C0009241
27314527	28	43	Type 2 Diabetes	T047	C0011860
27314527	47	69	Population-Based Study	T062	C1709599
27314527	70	78	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27314527	85	100	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27314527	104	117	dementia risk	T033	C3697373
27314527	132	141	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27314527	149	156	initial	T079	C0205265
27314527	157	175	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
27314527	179	187	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27314527	188	199	individuals	T098	C0237401
27314527	208	215	factors	T169	C1521761
27314527	240	248	deficits	T048	C0009241
27314527	300	317	cognitive domains	T041	C0025361
27314527	318	327	initially	T079	C0205265
27314527	328	336	impaired	T169	C0221099
27314527	340	348	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27314527	357	364	factors	T169	C1521761
27314527	414	483	population-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen	T062	C0681814
27314527	490	501	cognitively	T169	C1516691
27314527	502	508	intact	T080	C0205266
27314527	509	521	participants	T098	C0679646
27314527	550	559	Attention	T041	C0004268
27314527	562	576	working memory	T041	C0025265
27314527	578	588	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27314527	589	594	speed	T033	C0423979
27314527	596	612	category fluency	T080	C0870569
27314527	614	628	letter fluency	T080	C0870569
27314527	630	645	semantic memory	T041	C0542312
27314527	651	666	episodic memory	T041	C0561843
27314527	672	680	assessed	T052	C1516048
27314527	682	690	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
27314527	692	702	controlled	T169	C2587213
27314527	707	719	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
27314527	725	736	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
27314527	757	767	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27314527	788	799	information	T078	C1533716
27314527	803	821	vascular disorders	T047	C0042373
27314527	823	835	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27314527	837	851	heart diseases	T047	C0018799
27314527	857	863	stroke	T047	C0038454
27314527	869	890	vascular risk factors	T033	C0035648
27314527	892	896	VRFs	T033	C0035648
27314527	908	915	smoking	T055	C0037369
27314527	920	930	overweight	T184	C0497406
27314527	933	940	obesity	T047	C0028754
27314527	943	947	Data	T078	C1511726
27314527	953	961	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27314527	967	991	linear regression models	T081	C0023733
27314527	1006	1018	participants	T098	C0679646
27314527	1030	1038	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27314527	1065	1073	elevated	T080	C3163633
27314527	1074	1083	glycaemia	T109	C0005802
27314527	1085	1097	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
27314527	1098	1106	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27314527	1133	1144	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
27314527	1159	1167	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27314527	1176	1188	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
27314527	1205	1210	lower	T080	C0205251
27314527	1211	1222	performance	T055	C0597198
27314527	1226	1236	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27314527	1237	1242	speed	T033	C0423979
27314527	1258	1260	CI	T081	C0009667
27314527	1279	1295	category fluency	T080	C0870569
27314527	1311	1313	CI	T081	C0009667
27314527	1336	1354	digit span forward	T041	C0679053
27314527	1370	1372	CI	T081	C0009667
27314527	1446	1452	APOEɛ4	T116,T123	C0003595
27314527	1487	1495	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27314527	1501	1511	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27314527	1512	1517	speed	T033	C0423979
27314527	1522	1538	category fluency	T080	C0870569
27314527	1563	1575	participants	T098	C0679646
27314527	1581	1585	VRFs	T033	C0035648
27314527	1589	1607	vascular disorders	T047	C0042373
27314527	1609	1617	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
27314527	1630	1642	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
27314527	1643	1651	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27314527	1672	1678	poorer	T080	C0542537
27314527	1679	1690	performance	T055	C0597198
27314527	1694	1704	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27314527	1705	1710	speed	T033	C0423979
27314527	1712	1728	category fluency	T080	C0870569
27314527	1734	1743	attention	T041	C0004268
27314527	1746	1760	primary memory	T041	C0025260
27314527	1762	1766	VRFs	T033	C0035648
27314527	1768	1786	vascular disorders	T047	C0042373
27314527	1792	1796	APOE	T116,T123	C0003595

27314612|t|Methylation status of the promoter region of the human frizzled 9 gene in acute myeloid leukemia
27314612|a|The FZD9 gene is located at chromosome 7q11.23, and has been indicated to be a tumor suppressor gene. The present study examined the involvement of FZD9 promoter methylation in the downregulation of FZD9 expression in leukemia cells. The expression of the FZD9 gene was absent in various leukemic cell lines, while it was restored following treatment with DNA demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. Bisulfite sequencing analysis of the FZD9 promoter region showed that it was partially methylated in cell lines in which FZD9 gene was not expressed. Thus, DNA methylation in the promoter region may lead to inactivation of the FZD9 gene, which may represent and aberration associated with leukemia, since DNA was not methylated in normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Methylation -specific polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the promoter region of the FZD9 gene was frequently methylated in primary or relapse acute myeloid leukemia (52.9%; excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia); however, methylation was infrequent in B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (5.6%). In conclusion, the present study indicated that the methylation profile of the FZD9 gene corresponded to that of a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in acute myeloid leukemia.
27314612	0	11	Methylation	T044	C0376452
27314612	12	18	status	T080	C0449438
27314612	26	41	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27314612	49	54	human	T016	C0086418
27314612	55	70	frizzled 9 gene	T028	C1333589
27314612	74	96	acute myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023465
27314612	101	110	FZD9 gene	T028	C1333589
27314612	125	143	chromosome 7q11.23	T028	C4267768
27314612	176	197	tumor suppressor gene	T028	C0079427
27314612	211	216	study	T062	C2603343
27314612	217	225	examined	T033	C0332128
27314612	230	241	involvement	T169	C1314939
27314612	245	249	FZD9	T028	C1333589
27314612	250	258	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27314612	259	270	methylation	T044	C0376452
27314612	278	292	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27314612	296	300	FZD9	T028	C1333589
27314612	301	311	expression	T045	C0017262
27314612	315	323	leukemia	T191	C0023418
27314612	324	329	cells	T025	C0007634
27314612	335	345	expression	T045	C0017262
27314612	353	362	FZD9 gene	T028	C1333589
27314612	367	373	absent	T169	C0332197
27314612	385	393	leukemic	T191	C0023418
27314612	394	404	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27314612	438	447	treatment	T169	C1522326
27314612	453	476	DNA demethylating agent	T109	C0029224
27314612	477	499	5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine	T109	C0029224
27314612	501	530	Bisulfite sequencing analysis	T063	C3831347
27314612	538	542	FZD9	T028	C1333589
27314612	543	558	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27314612	588	598	methylated	T044	C0376452
27314612	602	612	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27314612	622	631	FZD9 gene	T028	C1333589
27314612	640	649	expressed	T045	C0017262
27314612	657	672	DNA methylation	T044	C0025723
27314612	680	695	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27314612	708	720	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27314612	728	737	FZD9 gene	T028	C1333589
27314612	774	789	associated with	T080	C0332281
27314612	790	798	leukemia	T191	C0023418
27314612	806	809	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27314612	818	828	methylated	T044	C0376452
27314612	839	873	peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
27314612	875	886	Methylation	T044	C0376452
27314612	897	931	polymerase chain reaction analysis	T063	C0032520
27314612	950	965	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27314612	973	982	FZD9 gene	T028	C1333589
27314612	987	997	frequently	T079	C0332183
27314612	998	1008	methylated	T044	C0376452
27314612	1012	1019	primary	T080	C0205225
27314612	1023	1030	relapse	T067	C0035020
27314612	1031	1053	acute myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023465
27314612	1072	1100	acute promyelocytic leukemia	T191	C0023487
27314612	1112	1123	methylation	T044	C0376452
27314612	1142	1148	B-cell	T025	C0004561
27314612	1149	1175	acute lymphocytic leukemia	T191	C0023449
27314612	1211	1216	study	T062	C2603343
27314612	1236	1247	methylation	T044	C0376452
27314612	1248	1255	profile	T059	C1979963
27314612	1263	1272	FZD9 gene	T028	C1333589
27314612	1309	1330	tumor-suppressor gene	T028	C0079427
27314612	1334	1356	acute myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023465

27315396|t|Functional conservation of the lncRNA NEAT1 in the ancestrally diverged marsupial lineage: Evidence for NEAT1 expression and associated paraspeckle assembly during late gestation in the opossum Monodelphis domestica
27315396|a|Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely expressed and play various roles in cell homeostasis. However, because of their low conservation at the sequence level, recapitulating lncRNA evolutionary history is often challenging. While performing an ultrastructural analysis of viral particles present in uterine glands of gestating opossum females, we serendipitously noticed the presence of numerous structures similar to paraspeckles, nuclear bodies which in human and mouse cells are assembled around an architectural NEAT1/MENϵ/β lncRNA. Here, using an opossum kidney (OK) cell line, we confirmed by immuno-electron microscopy the presence of paraspeckles in marsupials. We then identified the orthologous opossum NEAT1 gene which, although poorly conserved at the sequence level, displays NEAT1 characteristic features such as short and long isoforms expressed from a unique promoter and for the latter an RNase P cleavage site at its 3'-end. Combining tissue - specific qRT-PCR, in situ hybridization at the optical and electron microscopic levels, we show that (i) NEAT1 is paraspeckle - associated in opossum (ii) NEAT1 expression is strongly induced in late gestation in uterine / placental extracts (iii) NEAT1 induction occurs in the uterine gland nuclei in which paraspeckles were detected. Finally, treatment of OK cells with proteasome inhibitors induces paraspeckle assembly, as previously observed in human cells. Altogether, these results demonstrate that paraspeckles are tissue - specific, stress -responding nuclear bodies in marsupials, illustrating their structural and functional continuity over 200 My of evolution throughout the mammalian lineage. In contrast, the rapid evolution of the NEAT1 transcripts highlights the relaxed constraint that, despite functional conservation, is exerted on this lncRNA.
27315396	0	10	Functional	T169	C0205245
27315396	11	23	conservation	T080	C2347858
27315396	31	37	lncRNA	T114,T123	C3494264
27315396	38	43	NEAT1	T028	C2681866
27315396	72	81	marsupial	T015	C0024852
27315396	82	89	lineage	T077	C1881379
27315396	91	103	Evidence for	T169	C0332120
27315396	104	109	NEAT1	T028	C2681866
27315396	110	120	expression	T045	C0017262
27315396	125	135	associated	T080	C0332281
27315396	136	147	paraspeckle	T026	C1167109
27315396	148	156	assembly	T043	C0598084
27315396	164	168	late	T079	C0205087
27315396	169	178	gestation	T040	C0032961
27315396	186	193	opossum	T015	C0029115
27315396	194	215	Monodelphis domestica	T015	C1000793
27315396	216	236	Long non-coding RNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27315396	238	245	lncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27315396	258	267	expressed	T045	C0017262
27315396	294	310	cell homeostasis	T043	C2244223
27315396	338	341	low	T080	C0205251
27315396	342	354	conservation	T080	C2347858
27315396	362	370	sequence	T086	C0004793
27315396	371	376	level	T080	C0441889
27315396	393	399	lncRNA	T114,T123	C3494264
27315396	463	478	ultrastructural	T026	C1268455
27315396	479	487	analysis	T062	C0936012
27315396	491	506	viral particles	T026	C0042760
27315396	518	532	uterine glands	T023	C1183035
27315396	536	545	gestating	T169	C0553641
27315396	546	553	opossum	T015	C0029115
27315396	554	561	females	T032	C0086287
27315396	594	602	presence	T033	C0150312
27315396	606	614	numerous	T081	C0439064
27315396	615	625	structures	T026	C0243092
27315396	637	649	paraspeckles	T026	C1167109
27315396	651	665	nuclear bodies	T026	C0230595
27315396	675	680	human	T034	C0427861
27315396	685	696	mouse cells	T025	C1513528
27315396	735	747	NEAT1/MENϵ/β	T028	C1426856
27315396	748	754	lncRNA	T114,T123	C3494264
27315396	771	778	opossum	T015	C0029115
27315396	779	785	kidney	T023	C0022646
27315396	787	789	OK	T023	C0022646
27315396	791	800	cell line	UnknownType	C0682517
27315396	805	817	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27315396	818	844	immuno-electron microscopy	T060	C0079835
27315396	849	857	presence	T033	C0150312
27315396	861	873	paraspeckles	T026	C1167109
27315396	877	887	marsupials	T015	C0024852
27315396	897	907	identified	T080	C0205396
27315396	912	923	orthologous	T080	C1709346
27315396	924	931	opossum	T015	C0029115
27315396	932	942	NEAT1 gene	T028	C2681866
27315396	966	975	conserved	T080	C2347858
27315396	983	991	sequence	T086	C0004793
27315396	992	997	level	T080	C0441889
27315396	1008	1013	NEAT1	T116,T123	C0033684
27315396	1014	1028	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27315396	1029	1037	features	T080	C2348519
27315396	1046	1051	short	T081	C1806781
27315396	1056	1060	long	T080	C0205166
27315396	1061	1069	isoforms	T116	C0597298
27315396	1070	1079	expressed	T045	C1171362
27315396	1087	1093	unique	T080	C1710548
27315396	1094	1102	promoter	T114,T123	C2350877
27315396	1125	1132	RNase P	T116,T126	C0073243
27315396	1133	1141	cleavage	T044	C3178791
27315396	1142	1146	site	T082	C0205145
27315396	1154	1160	3'-end	T082	C1254362
27315396	1172	1178	tissue	T024	C0040300
27315396	1181	1189	specific	T080	C0205369
27315396	1190	1197	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
27315396	1199	1220	in situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
27315396	1228	1235	optical	T059	C0026018
27315396	1240	1260	electron microscopic	T059	C0026019
27315396	1286	1291	NEAT1	T028	C2681866
27315396	1295	1306	paraspeckle	T026	C1167109
27315396	1309	1319	associated	T080	C0332281
27315396	1323	1330	opossum	T015	C0029115
27315396	1336	1341	NEAT1	T028	C2681866
27315396	1342	1352	expression	T045	C0017262
27315396	1365	1372	induced	T169	C0205263
27315396	1376	1380	late	T079	C0205087
27315396	1381	1390	gestation	T040	C0032961
27315396	1394	1401	uterine	T167	C2828366
27315396	1404	1422	placental extracts	T123	C0032048
27315396	1429	1434	NEAT1	T028	C2681866
27315396	1435	1444	induction	T045	C0017391
27315396	1459	1472	uterine gland	T023	C1183035
27315396	1473	1479	nuclei	T026	C0007610
27315396	1489	1501	paraspeckles	T026	C1167109
27315396	1526	1535	treatment	T061	C0087111
27315396	1539	1541	OK	T023	C0022646
27315396	1542	1547	cells	UnknownType	C0682517
27315396	1553	1574	proteasome inhibitors	T121	C1443643
27315396	1575	1582	induces	T169	C0205263
27315396	1583	1594	paraspeckle	T026	C1167109
27315396	1595	1603	assembly	T043	C0598084
27315396	1631	1642	human cells	T034	C0427861
27315396	1687	1699	paraspeckles	T026	C1167109
27315396	1704	1710	tissue	T024	C0040300
27315396	1713	1721	specific	T080	C0205369
27315396	1723	1729	stress	T046	C0449430
27315396	1742	1756	nuclear bodies	T026	C0230595
27315396	1760	1770	marsupials	T015	C0024852
27315396	1791	1801	structural	T082	C0678594
27315396	1806	1816	functional	T169	C0205245
27315396	1817	1827	continuity	T082	C0595960
27315396	1868	1877	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27315396	1878	1885	lineage	T077	C1881379
27315396	1910	1919	evolution	T045	C0015219
27315396	1927	1932	NEAT1	T028	C2681866
27315396	1933	1944	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27315396	1993	2003	functional	T169	C0205245
27315396	2004	2016	conservation	T080	C2347858
27315396	2037	2043	lncRNA	T114,T123	C3494264

27315518|t|Ag nanoclusters could efficiently quench the photoresponse of CdS quantum dots for novel energy transfer -based photoelectrochemical bioanalysis
27315518|a|Herein the influence of ultrasmall Ag nanoclusters (Ag NCs) against CdS quantum dots (QDs) in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) nanosystem was exploited for the first time, based on which a novel PEC bioanalysis was successfully developed via the efficient quenching effect of Ag NCs against the CdS QDs. In a model system, DNA assay was achieved by using molecular beacon (MB) probes anchored on a CdS QDs modified electrode, and the MB probes contain two segments that can hybridize with both target DNA sequence and the label of DNA encapsulated Ag NCs. After the MB probe was unfolded by the target DNA sequence, the labels of oligonucleotide encapsulated Ag NCs would be brought in close proximity to the CdS QDs electrode surface, and efficient photocurrent quenching of QDs could be resulted from an energy transfer process that originated from NCs. Thus, by monitoring the attenuation in the photocurrent signal, an elegant and sensitive PEC DNA bioanalysis could be accomplished. The developed biosensor displayed a linear range from 1.0pM to 10nM and the detection limit was experimentally found to be of 0.3pM. This work presents a feasible signaling principle that could act as a common basis for general PEC bioanalysis development.
27315518	0	2	Ag	T196	C0037125
27315518	3	15	nanoclusters	T073	C1450053
27315518	22	33	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27315518	34	40	quench	T043	C3546682
27315518	45	58	photoresponse	T067	C1254366
27315518	62	65	CdS	T131,T197	C0054417
27315518	66	78	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
27315518	89	104	energy transfer	T044	C0014274
27315518	112	144	photoelectrochemical bioanalysis	UnknownType	C0259857
27315518	180	182	Ag	T196	C0037125
27315518	183	195	nanoclusters	T073	C1450053
27315518	197	199	Ag	T196	C0037125
27315518	200	203	NCs	T073	C1450053
27315518	213	216	CdS	T131,T197	C0054417
27315518	217	229	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
27315518	231	234	QDs	T073	C1258084
27315518	241	261	photoelectrochemical	UnknownType	C0259857
27315518	263	266	PEC	UnknownType	C0259857
27315518	268	278	nanosystem	T073	C1450053
27315518	336	351	PEC bioanalysis	UnknownType	C0259857
27315518	356	368	successfully	T080	C1272703
27315518	369	378	developed	T169	C1527148
27315518	387	396	efficient	T080	C0442799
27315518	397	406	quenching	T043	C3546682
27315518	417	419	Ag	T196	C0037125
27315518	420	423	NCs	T073	C1450053
27315518	436	439	CdS	T131,T197	C0054417
27315518	440	443	QDs	T073	C1258084
27315518	450	462	model system	T075	C0026336
27315518	464	473	DNA assay	T059	C0201794
27315518	496	512	molecular beacon	T114	C1254348
27315518	514	516	MB	T114	C1254348
27315518	518	524	probes	T074	C0182400
27315518	525	533	anchored	T061	C1293132
27315518	539	542	CdS	T131,T197	C0054417
27315518	543	546	QDs	T073	C1258084
27315518	556	565	electrode	T073	C1705652
27315518	575	577	MB	T114	C1254348
27315518	578	584	probes	T074	C0182400
27315518	615	624	hybridize	T067	C1254366
27315518	635	641	target	T169	C1521840
27315518	642	654	DNA sequence	T086	C0162326
27315518	663	668	label	T073	C0181496
27315518	672	675	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27315518	676	688	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27315518	689	691	Ag	T196	C0037125
27315518	692	695	NCs	T073	C1450053
27315518	707	709	MB	T114	C1254348
27315518	710	715	probe	T074	C0182400
27315518	736	742	target	T169	C1521840
27315518	743	755	DNA sequence	T086	C0162326
27315518	761	767	labels	T073	C0181496
27315518	771	786	oligonucleotide	T114	C0028953
27315518	787	799	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27315518	800	802	Ag	T196	C0037125
27315518	803	806	NCs	T073	C1450053
27315518	833	842	proximity	T082	C1514583
27315518	850	853	CdS	T131,T197	C0054417
27315518	854	857	QDs	T073	C1258084
27315518	858	875	electrode surface	T073	C1705652
27315518	881	890	efficient	T080	C0442799
27315518	891	913	photocurrent quenching	T067	C1254366
27315518	917	920	QDs	T073	C1258084
27315518	930	938	resulted	T169	C1274040
27315518	947	962	energy transfer	T044	C0014274
27315518	963	970	process	T067	C1522240
27315518	992	995	NCs	T073	C1450053
27315518	1006	1016	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27315518	1021	1032	attenuation	T052	C0599946
27315518	1040	1059	photocurrent signal	T067	C1710082
27315518	1076	1085	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27315518	1086	1089	PEC	UnknownType	C0259857
27315518	1090	1105	DNA bioanalysis	T059	C0200898
27315518	1133	1142	developed	T169	C1527148
27315518	1143	1152	biosensor	T075	C0600364
27315518	1153	1162	displayed	T169	C0870432
27315518	1165	1171	linear	T082	C0205132
27315518	1172	1177	range	T081	C1514721
27315518	1205	1214	detection	T061	C1511790
27315518	1215	1220	limit	T078	C1549649
27315518	1225	1239	experimentally	T080	C1517586
27315518	1240	1245	found	T033	C0150312
27315518	1267	1271	work	T057	C0043227
27315518	1302	1311	principle	UnknownType	C0678989
27315518	1357	1372	PEC bioanalysis	UnknownType	C0259857
27315518	1373	1384	development	T169	C1527148

27316920|t|Does obtaining an initial magnetic resonance imaging decrease the reamputation rates in the diabetic foot?
27316920|a|Diabetes mellitus (DM) through its over glycosylation of neurovascular structures and resultant peripheral neuropathy continues to be the major risk factor for pedal amputation. Repetitive trauma to the insensate foot results in diabetic foot ulcers, which are at high risk to develop osteomyelitis. Many patients who present with diabetic foot complications will undergo one or more pedal amputations during the course of their disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if obtaining an initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), prior to the first amputation, is associated with a decreased rate of reamputation in the diabetic foot. Our hypothesis was that the rate of reamputation may be associated with underutilization of obtaining an initial MRI, useful in presurgical planning. This study was designed to determine whether there was an association between the reamputation rate in diabetic patients and utilization of MRI in the presurgical planning and prior to initial forefoot amputations. Following approval by our institutional review board, our study design consisted of a retrospective cohort analysis of 413 patients at Staten Island University Hospital, a 700-bed tertiary referral center between 2008 and 2013 who underwent an initial great toe (hallux) amputation. Of the 413 patients with a hallux amputation, there were 368 eligible patients who had a history of DM with documented hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) within 3 months of the initial first ray (hallux and first metatarsal) amputation and available radiographic data. Statistical analysis compared the incidence rates of reamputation between patients who underwent initial MRI and those who did not obtain an initial MRI prior to their first amputation. The reamputation rate was compared after adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, HbA1c, cardiovascular disease, hypoalbuminemia, smoking, body mass index, and prior antibiotic treatment. The results of our statistical analysis failed to reveal a significant association between obtaining an initial MRI and the reamputation rate. We did, however, find a statistical association between obtaining an early MRI and decreased mortality rates. Obtaining an early MRI was not associated with the reamputation rate incidence in the treatment of the diabetic foot. It did, however, have a statistically significant association with the mortality rate as demonstrated by the increased survival rate in patients undergoing MRI prior to initial amputation.
27316920	5	14	obtaining	T169	C1301820
27316920	18	25	initial	T079	C0205265
27316920	26	52	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27316920	53	61	decrease	T081	C0547047
27316920	66	78	reamputation	T061	C0184917
27316920	79	84	rates	T081	C1521828
27316920	92	105	diabetic foot	T047	C0206172
27316920	107	124	Diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27316920	126	128	DM	T047	C0011849
27316920	147	160	glycosylation	T070	C0017982
27316920	164	188	neurovascular structures	T023	C0824497
27316920	203	224	peripheral neuropathy	T047	C0031117
27316920	245	250	major	T080	C0205164
27316920	251	262	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27316920	267	283	pedal amputation	T061	C0188605
27316920	285	295	Repetitive	T033	C0424246
27316920	296	302	trauma	T037	C0043251
27316920	310	319	insensate	T184	C0278134
27316920	320	324	foot	T023	C0016504
27316920	325	335	results in	T169	C0332294
27316920	336	356	diabetic foot ulcers	T047	C1456868
27316920	371	380	high risk	T033	C0332167
27316920	392	405	osteomyelitis	T047	C0029443
27316920	412	420	patients	T101	C0030705
27316920	438	451	diabetic foot	T047	C0206172
27316920	452	465	complications	T046	C0009566
27316920	491	508	pedal amputations	T061	C0188605
27316920	509	515	during	T079	C0347984
27316920	520	526	course	T079	C0750729
27316920	536	543	disease	T047	C0012634
27316920	549	556	purpose	T169	C1285529
27316920	565	570	study	T062	C2603343
27316920	591	600	obtaining	T169	C1301820
27316920	604	611	initial	T079	C0205265
27316920	612	638	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27316920	640	643	MRI	T060	C0024485
27316920	646	651	prior	T079	C0332152
27316920	665	675	amputation	T061	C0002688
27316920	680	695	associated with	T080	C0332281
27316920	698	707	decreased	T081	C0205216
27316920	708	712	rate	T081	C1521828
27316920	716	728	reamputation	T061	C0184917
27316920	736	749	diabetic foot	T047	C0206172
27316920	755	765	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27316920	779	783	rate	T081	C1521828
27316920	787	799	reamputation	T061	C0184917
27316920	807	822	associated with	T080	C0332281
27316920	843	852	obtaining	T169	C1301820
27316920	856	863	initial	T079	C0205265
27316920	864	867	MRI	T060	C0024485
27316920	879	890	presurgical	T061	C0543467
27316920	891	899	planning	T169	C1301732
27316920	906	911	study	T062	C2603343
27316920	916	924	designed	T052	C1707689
27316920	959	970	association	T080	C0439849
27316920	983	995	reamputation	T061	C0184917
27316920	996	1000	rate	T081	C1521828
27316920	1004	1012	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27316920	1013	1021	patients	T101	C0030705
27316920	1026	1037	utilization	T169	C0042153
27316920	1041	1044	MRI	T060	C0024485
27316920	1052	1063	presurgical	T061	C0543467
27316920	1064	1072	planning	T169	C1301732
27316920	1077	1082	prior	T079	C0332152
27316920	1086	1093	initial	T079	C0205265
27316920	1094	1114	forefoot amputations	T061	C0343136
27316920	1116	1125	Following	T079	C0332282
27316920	1126	1134	approval	T080	C0205540
27316920	1142	1168	institutional review board	T097	C0086911
27316920	1174	1186	study design	T062	C0035171
27316920	1202	1231	retrospective cohort analysis	T062	C2985505
27316920	1239	1247	patients	T101	C0030705
27316920	1251	1284	Staten Island University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
27316920	1288	1320	700-bed tertiary referral center	T073,T093	C0587437
27316920	1360	1367	initial	T079	C0205265
27316920	1368	1397	great toe (hallux) amputation	T061	C0188604
27316920	1410	1418	patients	T101	C0030705
27316920	1426	1443	hallux amputation	T061	C0188604
27316920	1460	1468	eligible	T080	C1548635
27316920	1469	1477	patients	T101	C0030705
27316920	1488	1495	history	T033	C0262926
27316920	1499	1501	DM	T047	C0011849
27316920	1518	1532	hemoglobin A1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27316920	1534	1539	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27316920	1550	1556	months	T079	C0439231
27316920	1564	1571	initial	T079	C0205265
27316920	1572	1581	first ray	T029	C0450284
27316920	1583	1589	hallux	T023	C0018534
27316920	1594	1610	first metatarsal	T023	C0459701
27316920	1612	1622	amputation	T061	C0002688
27316920	1637	1649	radiographic	T070	C0444708
27316920	1650	1654	data	T078	C1511726
27316920	1656	1676	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27316920	1677	1685	compared	T052	C1707455
27316920	1690	1705	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27316920	1709	1721	reamputation	T061	C0184917
27316920	1730	1738	patients	T101	C0030705
27316920	1753	1760	initial	T079	C0205265
27316920	1761	1764	MRI	T060	C0024485
27316920	1797	1804	initial	T079	C0205265
27316920	1805	1808	MRI	T060	C0024485
27316920	1809	1814	prior	T079	C0332152
27316920	1824	1829	first	T081	C0205435
27316920	1830	1840	amputation	T061	C0188605
27316920	1846	1858	reamputation	T061	C0184917
27316920	1859	1863	rate	T081	C1521828
27316920	1868	1876	compared	T052	C1707455
27316920	1883	1893	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27316920	1898	1901	age	T032	C0001779
27316920	1903	1909	gender	T032	C0079399
27316920	1911	1920	ethnicity	T080	C0243103
27316920	1922	1927	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27316920	1929	1951	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27316920	1953	1968	hypoalbuminemia	T047	C0239981
27316920	1970	1977	smoking	T055	C0037369
27316920	1979	1994	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27316920	2000	2005	prior	T079	C0332152
27316920	2006	2026	antibiotic treatment	T061	C0338237
27316920	2032	2039	results	T033	C0683954
27316920	2047	2067	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27316920	2068	2074	failed	T169	C0231175
27316920	2078	2084	reveal	T080	C0443289
27316920	2087	2098	significant	T078	C0750502
27316920	2099	2110	association	T080	C0439849
27316920	2119	2128	obtaining	T169	C1301820
27316920	2132	2139	initial	T079	C0205265
27316920	2140	2143	MRI	T060	C0024485
27316920	2152	2164	reamputation	T061	C0184917
27316920	2165	2169	rate	T081	C1521828
27316920	2195	2206	statistical	T090	C0038215
27316920	2207	2218	association	T080	C0439849
27316920	2227	2236	obtaining	T169	C1301820
27316920	2240	2245	early	T079	C1279919
27316920	2246	2249	MRI	T060	C0024485
27316920	2254	2263	decreased	T081	C0205216
27316920	2264	2279	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
27316920	2281	2290	Obtaining	T169	C1301820
27316920	2294	2299	early	T079	C1279919
27316920	2300	2303	MRI	T060	C0024485
27316920	2308	2311	not	T169	C1518422
27316920	2312	2327	associated with	T080	C0332281
27316920	2332	2344	reamputation	T061	C0184917
27316920	2345	2359	rate incidence	T081	C1708485
27316920	2367	2376	treatment	T061	C0087111
27316920	2384	2397	diabetic foot	T047	C0206172
27316920	2423	2448	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27316920	2449	2460	association	T080	C0439849
27316920	2470	2484	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27316920	2508	2517	increased	T081	C0205217
27316920	2518	2531	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27316920	2535	2543	patients	T101	C0030705
27316920	2555	2558	MRI	T060	C0024485
27316920	2559	2564	prior	T079	C0332152
27316920	2568	2575	initial	T079	C0205265
27316920	2576	2586	amputation	T061	C0188605

27317610|t|Diffuse traumatic brain injury affects chronic corticosterone function in the rat
27317610|a|As many as 20-55% of patients with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience chronic endocrine dysfunction, leading to impaired quality of life, impaired rehabilitation efforts and lowered life expectancy. Endocrine dysfunction after TBI is thought to result from acceleration - deceleration forces to the brain within the skull, creating enduring hypothalamic and pituitary neuropathology, and subsequent hypothalamic -pituitary endocrine (HPE) dysfunction. These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that a single diffuse TBI results in chronic dysfunction of corticosterone (CORT), a glucocorticoid released in response to stress and testosterone. We used a rodent model of diffuse TBI induced by midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI). At 2 months postinjury compared with uninjured control animals, circulating levels of CORT were evaluated at rest, under restraint stress and in response to dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid commonly used to test HPE axis regulation. Testosterone was evaluated at rest. Further, we assessed changes in injury - induced neuron morphology (Golgi stain), neuropathology (silver stain) and activated astrocytes (GFAP) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. Resting plasma CORT levels were decreased at 2 months postinjury and there was a blunted CORT increase in response to restraint induced stress. No changes in testosterone were measured. These changes in CORT were observed concomitantly with altered complexity of neuron processes in the PVN over time, devoid of neuropathology or astrocytosis. Results provide evidence that a single moderate diffuse TBI leads to changes in CORT function, which can contribute to the persistence of symptoms related to endocrine dysfunction. Future experiments aim to evaluate additional HP-related hormones and endocrine circuit pathology following diffuse TBI.
27317610	0	30	Diffuse traumatic brain injury	T037	C2832047
27317610	39	46	chronic	T079	C0205191
27317610	47	61	corticosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27317610	62	70	function	T169	C0542341
27317610	78	81	rat	T015	C0034721
27317610	103	111	patients	T101	C0030705
27317610	119	126	history	T033	C0332119
27317610	130	152	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
27317610	154	157	TBI	T037	C0876926
27317610	170	177	chronic	T079	C0205191
27317610	178	199	endocrine dysfunction	T047	C1397856
27317610	212	236	impaired quality of life	T054	C4049260
27317610	238	246	impaired	T169	C0221099
27317610	247	261	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27317610	262	269	efforts	T051	C1516084
27317610	274	297	lowered life expectancy	T033	C1504437
27317610	299	320	Endocrine dysfunction	T047	C1397856
27317610	327	330	TBI	T037	C0876926
27317610	345	351	result	T169	C1274040
27317610	357	369	acceleration	T067	C0000894
27317610	372	384	deceleration	T070	C0011100
27317610	385	391	forces	T067	C0441722
27317610	399	404	brain	T023	C0006104
27317610	416	421	skull	T023	C2951888
27317610	441	453	hypothalamic	T023	C0020663
27317610	458	467	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27317610	468	482	neuropathology	T046	C1540677
27317610	499	511	hypothalamic	T023	C0020663
27317610	499	532	hypothalamic -pituitary endocrine	T022	C0014136
27317610	534	537	HPE	T022	C0014136
27317610	539	550	dysfunction	T046	C0277785
27317610	558	569	experiments	T062	C0681814
27317610	596	606	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27317610	621	632	diffuse TBI	T037	C2832047
27317610	633	640	results	T169	C1274040
27317610	644	651	chronic	T079	C0205191
27317610	652	663	dysfunction	T046	C0277785
27317610	667	681	corticosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27317610	683	687	CORT	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27317610	692	706	glucocorticoid	T109,T125	C0017710
27317610	707	715	released	T169	C0391871
27317610	731	737	stress	T046	C0449430
27317610	742	754	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27317610	766	778	rodent model	T050	C1519106
27317610	782	793	diffuse TBI	T037	C2832047
27317610	805	836	midline fluid percussion injury	T037	C3714660
27317610	838	842	mFPI	T037	C3714660
27317610	850	856	months	T079	C0439231
27317610	857	867	postinjury	T079	C1254367
27317610	868	876	compared	T052	C1707455
27317610	882	907	uninjured control animals	T008	C1511501
27317610	909	920	circulating	T169	C0175630
27317610	921	927	levels	T080	C0441889
27317610	931	935	CORT	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27317610	951	958	at rest	T169	C0443144
27317610	966	982	restraint stress	T046	C0449430
27317610	1002	1015	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27317610	1019	1043	synthetic glucocorticoid	T109,T121	C0017711
27317610	1066	1069	HPE	T022	C0014136
27317610	1070	1074	axis	T082	C1522496
27317610	1075	1085	regulation	T038	C1327622
27317610	1087	1099	Testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27317610	1104	1113	evaluated	T169	C1292732
27317610	1114	1121	at rest	T169	C0443144
27317610	1144	1151	changes	T169	C0392747
27317610	1155	1161	injury	T037	C3714660
27317610	1164	1171	induced	T169	C0205263
27317610	1172	1178	neuron	T025	C0027882
27317610	1179	1189	morphology	T080	C0332437
27317610	1191	1202	Golgi stain	T059	C0487602
27317610	1205	1219	neuropathology	T046	C1540677
27317610	1221	1233	silver stain	T059	C0487602
27317610	1239	1248	activated	T043	C1326120
27317610	1249	1259	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27317610	1261	1265	GFAP	T059	C0487602
27317610	1274	1297	paraventricular nucleus	T023	C0030532
27317610	1299	1302	PVN	T023	C0030532
27317610	1311	1323	hypothalamus	T023	C0020663
27317610	1333	1339	plasma	T031	C0032105
27317610	1340	1344	CORT	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27317610	1345	1351	levels	T080	C0441889
27317610	1357	1366	decreased	T081	C0205216
27317610	1372	1378	months	T079	C0439231
27317610	1379	1389	postinjury	T079	C1254367
27317610	1414	1418	CORT	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27317610	1419	1427	increase	T081	C0205217
27317610	1443	1467	restraint induced stress	T046	C0449430
27317610	1469	1479	No changes	T033	C0442739
27317610	1483	1495	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27317610	1501	1509	measured	T080	C0444706
27317610	1517	1524	changes	T169	C0392747
27317610	1528	1532	CORT	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27317610	1547	1560	concomitantly	T079	C0521115
27317610	1566	1573	altered	T169	C0392747
27317610	1574	1584	complexity	T080	C0439855
27317610	1588	1594	neuron	T025	C0027882
27317610	1595	1604	processes	T043	C0007613
27317610	1612	1615	PVN	T023	C0030532
27317610	1621	1625	time	T079	C0040223
27317610	1637	1651	neuropathology	T046	C1540677
27317610	1655	1667	astrocytosis	T046	C3887640
27317610	1669	1676	Results	T169	C1274040
27317610	1717	1728	diffuse TBI	T037	C2832047
27317610	1738	1745	changes	T169	C0392747
27317610	1749	1753	CORT	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27317610	1754	1762	function	T169	C0542341
27317610	1792	1815	persistence of symptoms	T033	C0518691
27317610	1827	1848	endocrine dysfunction	T047	C1397856
27317610	1857	1868	experiments	T062	C0681814
27317610	1876	1884	evaluate	T169	C1292732
27317610	1896	1915	HP-related hormones	T125	C0019932
27317610	1920	1929	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27317610	1930	1947	circuit pathology	T169	C0205469
27317610	1958	1969	diffuse TBI	T037	C2832047

27317655|t|Systematic and detailed analysis of behavioural tests in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke: Tests for long-term assessment
27317655|a|In order to test therapeutics, functional assessments are required. In pre-clinical stroke research, there is little consensus regarding the most appropriate behavioural tasks to assess deficits, especially when testing over extended times in milder models with short occlusion times and small lesion volumes. In this study, we comprehensively assessed 16 different behavioural tests, with the aim of identifying those that show robust, reliable and stable deficits for up to two months. These tasks are regularly used in stroke research, as well as being useful for examining striatal dysfunction in models of Huntington's and Parkinson's disease. Two cohorts of male Wistar rats underwent the intraluminal filament model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (30 min) and were imaged 24 h later. This resulted in primarily subcortical infarcts, with a small amount of cortical damage. Animals were tested, along with sham and naïve groups at 24 h, seven days, and one and two months. Following behavioural testing, brains were processed and striatal neuronal counts were performed alongside measurements of total brain and white matter atrophy. The staircase, adjusting steps, rotarod and apomorphine -induced rotations were the most reliable for assessing long-term deficits in the 30 min transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke.
27317655	0	10	Systematic	T169	C0220922
27317655	15	32	detailed analysis	T062	C0936012
27317655	36	53	behavioural tests	T060	C0683444
27317655	61	64	rat	T015	C0034721
27317655	65	97	middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
27317655	98	103	model	T008	C0887965
27317655	107	113	stroke	T047	C0038454
27317655	115	120	Tests	T170	C0392366
27317655	125	145	long-term assessment	T052	C1516048
27317655	163	175	therapeutics	T061	C0087111
27317655	177	199	functional assessments	T060	C0278372
27317655	217	229	pre-clinical	T080	C1709630
27317655	230	236	stroke	T047	C0038454
27317655	237	245	research	T062	C0035168
27317655	304	321	behavioural tasks	T060	C0683444
27317655	332	340	deficits	T080	C2987487
27317655	396	402	models	T008	C0887965
27317655	408	429	short occlusion times	T081	C1632851
27317655	434	446	small lesion	T033	C0221198
27317655	434	454	small lesion volumes	T081	C0449468
27317655	464	469	study	T062	C2603343
27317655	490	498	assessed	T052	C1516048
27317655	512	529	behavioural tests	T060	C0683444
27317655	575	581	robust	T080	C2986815
27317655	583	591	reliable	T170	C3858758
27317655	596	611	stable deficits	T080	C2987487
27317655	626	632	months	T079	C0439231
27317655	668	674	stroke	T047	C0038454
27317655	675	683	research	T062	C0035168
27317655	723	743	striatal dysfunction	T047	C0007760
27317655	747	753	models	T008	C0887965
27317655	757	769	Huntington's	T047	C0020179
27317655	774	793	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27317655	799	806	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27317655	810	814	male	T032	C0086582
27317655	815	826	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27317655	841	868	intraluminal filament model	T170	C3161035
27317655	872	904	middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
27317655	909	912	min	T079	C0439232
27317655	923	929	imaged	T060	C0011923
27317655	933	934	h	T079	C0439227
27317655	969	989	subcortical infarcts	T047	C0007785
27317655	1014	1029	cortical damage	T037	C0270611
27317655	1031	1038	Animals	T015	C0034716
27317655	1063	1084	sham and naïve groups	T098	C1257890
27317655	1091	1092	h	T079	C0439227
27317655	1100	1104	days	T079	C0439228
27317655	1122	1128	months	T079	C0439231
27317655	1140	1159	behavioural testing	T060	C0683444
27317655	1161	1167	brains	T023	C0006104
27317655	1187	1211	striatal neuronal counts	T081	C0439157
27317655	1259	1264	brain	T023	C0006104
27317655	1269	1289	white matter atrophy	T190	C4022735
27317655	1295	1304	staircase	T060	C0178091
27317655	1306	1321	adjusting steps	T060	C0178091
27317655	1323	1330	rotarod	T060	C0178091
27317655	1335	1346	apomorphine	T109,T121	C0003596
27317655	1335	1365	apomorphine -induced rotations	T060	C0178091
27317655	1413	1421	deficits	T080	C2987487
27317655	1432	1435	min	T079	C0439232
27317655	1446	1478	middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
27317655	1479	1484	model	T008	C0887965
27317655	1488	1494	stroke	T047	C0038454

27318046|t|The next frontier of office -based inferior vena cava filter placement
27318046|a|There is an increasing number of procedures that traditionally were performed in the inpatient setting that are now becoming office -based procedures. These include peripheral endovascular procedures such as angiograms, angioplasties, dialysis access interventions, and treatment for venous insufficiency. We chose to evaluate the feasibility, safety of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement in the office-based setting. All procedures were performed using local anesthesia, and ultrasound guidance for puncture. All venograms were performed with manual injection of iodinated contrast. An IVC filter was placed in the cases (except one failure of placement) using fluoroscopy in the infrarenal position. Patients were observed in a recovery area and then discharged. Follow-up data were obtained through an interview, physical examination, and 24-hour postoperative phone call. Over the course of 27 months, 29 Greenfield filters (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Mass) and three Celect temporary filters (Cook, Bloomington, Ind) were placed in the infrarenal IVC for 18 women and 14 men, with an average age of 75.3 ± 15.6 years (range, 38-97 years). Twenty-four acute, 6 recent (<6 months ago) and three subacute lower extremity deep vein thromboses (DVTs) were identified. The indications for the procedure were patients with: DVT who were to undergo surgery (n = 6), acute large free-floating iliofemoral DVT (deemed high-risk for long-term anticoagulation) (n = 7), new DVT during anticoagulation therapy (n = 6), DVT with gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 4), DVT with hematuria (n = 2), recent DVT (which extended during full dose anticoagulation treatment) while undergoing a long flight (n = 1) (temporary filter placement), DVT with arm hematoma (n = 1), DVT with unsteady gait and history of falls (n = 2), DVT with nose bleeding (n = 1), DVT with dementia and inability to receive anticoagulation treatment (n = 1), DVT and receiving chemotherapy and with thrombocytopenia (n = 1), and DVT and refusal to take anticoagulation medication (n = 1). One patient had a failure to place a filter because of chronic IVC occlusion found on venogram. One patient with history of gastrointestinal bleeding, acute DVT, and atrial fibrillation suffered IVC filter thrombosis 1 month after the procedure. We attempted removal of the temporary filters in the hospital in two patients but failed to retrieve the filter in these two cases. We noted no insertion site DVT, extension of DVT, or pulmonary embolism. Our preliminary experience suggests that placement of IVC filters for treatment of venous thrombotic events in an office-based facility is safe and efficacious with basic endovascular equipment. Long-term outcome cannot be determined at this point.
27318046	21	27	office	T073,T093	C0031834
27318046	35	70	inferior vena cava filter placement	UnknownType	C0750159
27318046	104	114	procedures	T061	C0087111
27318046	156	165	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27318046	196	202	office	T073,T093	C0031834
27318046	210	220	procedures	T061	C0087111
27318046	236	246	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27318046	247	270	endovascular procedures	T061	C2936204
27318046	279	289	angiograms	T060	C0002978
27318046	291	304	angioplasties	T061	C0162577
27318046	306	321	dialysis access	T169	C3483464
27318046	322	335	interventions	T061	C0808232
27318046	341	350	treatment	T061	C0087111
27318046	355	375	venous insufficiency	T047	C0042485
27318046	402	413	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27318046	415	421	safety	T068	C0036043
27318046	425	466	inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement	UnknownType	C0750159
27318046	474	494	office-based setting	T073,T093	C0031834
27318046	500	510	procedures	T061	C0087111
27318046	532	548	local anesthesia	T061	C0002921
27318046	554	573	ultrasound guidance	T060	C0442973
27318046	578	586	puncture	T058	C0034117
27318046	592	601	venograms	T060	C0031545
27318046	622	638	manual injection	T061	C1533685
27318046	642	660	iodinated contrast	T130	C1960405
27318046	665	675	IVC filter	T074	C0080306
27318046	694	699	cases	T169	C0868928
27318046	712	719	failure	T169	C0231174
27318046	723	732	placement	T058	C1533810
27318046	740	751	fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
27318046	759	778	infrarenal position	T029	C0005898
27318046	780	788	Patients	T101	C0030705
27318046	808	816	recovery	T040	C2004454
27318046	817	821	area	T082	C0205146
27318046	831	841	discharged	T058	C0030685
27318046	843	857	Follow-up data	T170	C1704685
27318046	883	892	interview	T052	C0021822
27318046	894	914	physical examination	T058	C0031809
27318046	920	952	24-hour postoperative phone call	T058	C0302186
27318046	976	982	months	T079	C0439231
27318046	987	1005	Greenfield filters	T074	C0175753
27318046	1055	1079	Celect temporary filters	T074	C0025080
27318046	1124	1134	infrarenal	T023	C0226025
27318046	1135	1138	IVC	T023	C0042458
27318046	1146	1151	women	T098	C0043210
27318046	1159	1162	men	T098	C0025266
27318046	1180	1183	age	T032	C0001779
27318046	1199	1204	years	T079	C1510829
27318046	1239	1244	acute	T079	C0205178
27318046	1281	1305	subacute lower extremity	T023	C0023216
27318046	1306	1326	deep vein thromboses	T047	C0149871
27318046	1328	1332	DVTs	T047	C0149871
27318046	1355	1366	indications	T078	C3146298
27318046	1375	1384	procedure	T061	C0087111
27318046	1390	1398	patients	T101	C0030705
27318046	1405	1408	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	1429	1436	surgery	T061	C0543467
27318046	1446	1451	acute	T079	C0205178
27318046	1472	1487	iliofemoral DVT	T047	C0340714
27318046	1496	1505	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27318046	1510	1519	long-term	T079	C0443252
27318046	1520	1535	anticoagulation	T039	C2917212
27318046	1550	1553	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	1561	1584	anticoagulation therapy	T061	C0003281
27318046	1594	1597	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	1603	1628	gastrointestinal bleeding	T046	C0017181
27318046	1638	1641	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	1647	1656	hematuria	T047	C0018965
27318046	1673	1676	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	1710	1735	anticoagulation treatment	T061	C0003281
27318046	1777	1786	temporary	T079	C0205374
27318046	1787	1793	filter	T074	C1875155
27318046	1794	1803	placement	T058	C1533810
27318046	1806	1809	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	1815	1818	arm	T023	C1269078
27318046	1819	1827	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27318046	1837	1840	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	1846	1859	unsteady gait	T033	C0231686
27318046	1864	1880	history of falls	T033	C1561668
27318046	1890	1893	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	1899	1912	nose bleeding	T046	C0014591
27318046	1922	1925	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	1931	1939	dementia	T048	C0497327
27318046	1944	1953	inability	T033	C0243095
27318046	1965	1990	anticoagulation treatment	T061	C0003281
27318046	2000	2003	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	2018	2030	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27318046	2040	2056	thrombocytopenia	T047	C0040034
27318046	2070	2073	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	2078	2085	refusal	T055	C0040809
27318046	2094	2120	anticoagulation medication	T061	C0003281
27318046	2134	2141	patient	T101	C0030705
27318046	2148	2155	failure	T169	C0231174
27318046	2167	2173	filter	T074	C1875155
27318046	2185	2192	chronic	T079	C0205191
27318046	2193	2196	IVC	T023	C0042458
27318046	2197	2206	occlusion	T046	C0028778
27318046	2216	2224	venogram	T060	C0031545
27318046	2230	2237	patient	T101	C0030705
27318046	2243	2250	history	T033	C0262926
27318046	2254	2279	gastrointestinal bleeding	T046	C0017181
27318046	2287	2290	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	2296	2315	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27318046	2325	2335	IVC filter	T074	C0080306
27318046	2336	2346	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27318046	2365	2374	procedure	T061	C0087111
27318046	2389	2396	removal	T061	C0015252
27318046	2404	2413	temporary	T079	C0205374
27318046	2414	2421	filters	T074	C1875155
27318046	2429	2437	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27318046	2445	2453	patients	T101	C0030705
27318046	2481	2487	filter	T074	C1875155
27318046	2501	2506	cases	T169	C0868928
27318046	2535	2538	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	2540	2549	extension	T169	C0231448
27318046	2553	2556	DVT	T047	C0149871
27318046	2561	2579	pulmonary embolism	T047	C0034065
27318046	2585	2596	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27318046	2597	2607	experience	T041	C0596545
27318046	2622	2631	placement	T058	C1533810
27318046	2635	2646	IVC filters	T074	C0080306
27318046	2651	2660	treatment	T061	C0087111
27318046	2664	2688	venous thrombotic events	T046	C0042487
27318046	2695	2716	office-based facility	T073,T093	C0018704
27318046	2729	2740	efficacious	T080	C0442799
27318046	2752	2774	endovascular equipment	T074	C0025080
27318046	2776	2785	Long-term	T079	C0443252
27318046	2786	2793	outcome	T169	C1274040

27318131|t|Insensitivity of astrocytes to interleukin 10 signaling following peripheral immune challenge results in prolonged microglial activation in the aged brain
27318131|a|Immune-activated microglia from aged mice produce exaggerated levels of cytokines. Despite high levels of microglia l interleukin (IL)-10 in the aged brain, neuroinflammation was prolonged and associated with depressive-like deficits. Because astrocytes respond to IL-10 and, in turn, attenuate microglial activation, we investigated if astrocyte-mediated resolution of microglial activation was impaired with age. Here, aged astrocytes had a dysfunctional profile with higher glial fibrillary acidic protein, lower glutamate transporter expression, and significant cytoskeletal re-arrangement. Moreover, aged astrocytes had reduced expression of growth factors and IL-10 receptor-1 (IL-10R1). After in vivo lipopolysaccharide immune challenge, aged astrocytes had a molecular signature associated with reduced responsiveness to IL-10. This IL-10 insensitivity of aged astrocytes resulted in a failure to induce IL-10R1 and transforming growth factor β and resolve microglial activation. In addition, adult astrocytes reduced microglial activation when co-cultured ex vivo, whereas aged astrocytes did not. Consistent with the aging studies, IL-10R(KO) astrocytes did not augment transforming growth factor β after immune challenge and failed to resolve microglial activation. Collectively, a major cytokine - regulatory loop between activated microglia and astrocytes is impaired in the aged brain.
27318131	0	13	Insensitivity	T033	C0237677
27318131	17	27	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27318131	31	45	interleukin 10	T116,T129	C0085295
27318131	46	55	signaling	T038	C3537152
27318131	66	76	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27318131	77	83	immune	T022	C0020962
27318131	105	114	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27318131	115	136	microglial activation	T043	C1326169
27318131	144	148	aged	T032	C0001779
27318131	149	154	brain	T023	C0006104
27318131	155	171	Immune-activated	T043	C0007613
27318131	172	181	microglia	T025	C0206116
27318131	187	191	aged	T032	C0001779
27318131	192	196	mice	T015	C0026809
27318131	205	223	exaggerated levels	T080	C0442801
27318131	227	236	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27318131	246	257	high levels	T080	C0205556
27318131	261	270	microglia	T025	C0206116
27318131	273	292	interleukin (IL)-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27318131	300	304	aged	T032	C0001779
27318131	305	310	brain	T023	C0006104
27318131	312	329	neuroinflammation	T046	C1408627
27318131	334	343	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27318131	348	363	associated with	T080	C0332281
27318131	364	388	depressive-like deficits	T048	C0004936
27318131	398	408	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27318131	420	425	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27318131	440	449	attenuate	T052	C0599946
27318131	450	471	microglial activation	T043	C1326169
27318131	492	546	astrocyte-mediated resolution of microglial activation	T043	C1326169
27318131	551	559	impaired	T169	C0221099
27318131	565	568	age	T032	C0001779
27318131	576	580	aged	T032	C0001779
27318131	581	591	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27318131	598	619	dysfunctional profile	T033	C0243095
27318131	625	631	higher	T080	C0205250
27318131	632	663	glial fibrillary acidic protein	T116,T123	C0017626
27318131	665	670	lower	T080	C0205251
27318131	671	692	glutamate transporter	T116,T123	C0061467
27318131	693	703	expression	T045	C1171362
27318131	709	720	significant	T078	C0750502
27318131	760	764	aged	T032	C0001779
27318131	765	775	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27318131	780	787	reduced	T080	C0392756
27318131	788	798	expression	T045	C1171362
27318131	802	816	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
27318131	821	837	IL-10 receptor-1	T116,T192	C1721051
27318131	838	846	(IL-10R1	T116,T192	C1721051
27318131	855	862	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27318131	863	881	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27318131	882	888	immune	T022	C0020962
27318131	900	904	aged	T032	C0001779
27318131	905	915	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27318131	922	941	molecular signature	T169	C1704864
27318131	942	957	associated with	T080	C0332281
27318131	958	980	reduced responsiveness	T033	C3553376
27318131	984	989	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27318131	996	1001	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27318131	1002	1015	insensitivity	T033	C0237677
27318131	1019	1023	aged	T032	C0001779
27318131	1024	1034	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27318131	1049	1056	failure	T169	C0231174
27318131	1060	1066	induce	T169	C0205263
27318131	1067	1074	IL-10R1	T116,T192	C1721051
27318131	1079	1107	transforming growth factor β	T116,T123	C0040690
27318131	1120	1141	microglial activation	T043	C1326169
27318131	1156	1161	adult	T100	C0001675
27318131	1162	1172	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27318131	1181	1202	microglial activation	T043	C1326169
27318131	1208	1219	co-cultured	T059	C0282547
27318131	1220	1227	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27318131	1237	1241	aged	T032	C0001779
27318131	1242	1252	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27318131	1297	1307	IL-10R(KO)	T028	C1334098
27318131	1308	1318	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27318131	1335	1363	transforming growth factor β	T116,T123	C0040690
27318131	1370	1376	immune	T022	C0020962
27318131	1409	1430	microglial activation	T043	C1326169
27318131	1454	1462	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27318131	1465	1480	regulatory loop	UnknownType	C0678662
27318131	1489	1498	activated	T052	C1879547
27318131	1499	1508	microglia	T025	C0206116
27318131	1513	1523	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27318131	1527	1535	impaired	T169	C0221099
27318131	1543	1547	aged	T032	C0001779
27318131	1548	1553	brain	T023	C0006104

27318197|t|Identification of a group of XTHs genes responding to heavy metal mercury, salinity and drought stresses in Medicago truncatula
27318197|a|Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTH) are one of the key enzymes regulating cell wall construction, extension and metabolism. In the study, 44 XTH protein genes from Medicago truncatula genome were identified using bioinformatics, microarray and RT-PCR. Each XTH was showed to possess a highly conserved domain ((D/N)-E-(I/L/F/V)-D-(F/I/L)-E-(F/L)-L-G), and most of XTHs possess four Cys in the C terminal region, which suggests the potential for generating disulfide bonds. Based on the XTH protein sequences, these XTHs can be classified into three major families and each family can be subdivided into more groups. Examination of the genomic location of XTH genes on M. truncatula chromosomes showed that the evolutional expansion of the genes was possibly attributed to localized gene duplications. To investigate the possible involvement of the XTHs responding to heavy metals and other abiotic stresses, the XTH genes were exposed to heavy metal (Hg or Cu), salt and drought stresses. There were 28, 21 and 21 MtXTH genes found to respond to HgCl2, salt and drought stresses, respectively, but their expression were different under the stresses. Some of the XTH genes were well confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). We further specified expression of a XTH gene Medtr4g128580 (MtXTH3) under different environmental stresses, and showed that MtXTH3 was induced by Hg exposure. These results indicated that a group of MtXTHs could be differentially expressed under the environmental stresses.
27318197	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
27318197	20	25	group	T078	C0441833
27318197	29	33	XTHs	T116,T126	C1175650
27318197	34	39	genes	T028	C0017337
27318197	54	65	heavy metal	T196	C0347988
27318197	66	73	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27318197	75	104	salinity and drought stresses	T067	C0871732
27318197	108	127	Medicago truncatula	T002	C0330774
27318197	128	170	Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases	T116,T126	C1175650
27318197	172	175	XTH	T116,T126	C1175650
27318197	196	203	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27318197	204	214	regulating	T038	C1327622
27318197	215	237	cell wall construction	T043	C1156159
27318197	239	248	extension	T169	C0231448
27318197	253	263	metabolism	T025	C3826603
27318197	272	277	study	T062	C0008972
27318197	282	293	XTH protein	T116,T126	C1175650
27318197	294	299	genes	T028	C0017337
27318197	305	324	Medicago truncatula	T002	C0330774
27318197	325	331	genome	T028	C0017428
27318197	354	368	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
27318197	370	380	microarray	T073	C1709016
27318197	385	391	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27318197	398	401	XTH	T116,T126	C1175650
27318197	426	449	highly conserved domain	T087	C1514562
27318197	505	509	XTHs	T116,T126	C1175650
27318197	523	526	Cys	T116,T123	C0010654
27318197	534	551	C terminal region	T087	C1514562
27318197	572	581	potential	T080	C3245505
27318197	597	612	disulfide bonds	T087	C1511997
27318197	627	630	XTH	T116,T126	C1175650
27318197	631	648	protein sequences	T087	C0002518
27318197	656	660	XTHs	T116,T126	C1175650
27318197	696	704	families	T116,T123	C1335532
27318197	714	720	family	T116,T123	C1335532
27318197	749	755	groups	T078	C0441833
27318197	776	792	genomic location	T082	C1880951
27318197	796	805	XTH genes	T028	C0017337
27318197	809	822	M. truncatula	T002	C0330774
27318197	823	834	chromosomes	T026	C0008633
27318197	851	872	evolutional expansion	T038	C0282688
27318197	880	885	genes	T028	C0017337
27318197	913	922	localized	T082	C0392752
27318197	923	940	gene duplications	T045	C0017261
27318197	970	981	involvement	T169	C1314939
27318197	989	993	XTHs	T116,T126	C1175650
27318197	1008	1020	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27318197	1031	1047	abiotic stresses	T067	C0871732
27318197	1053	1062	XTH genes	T028	C0017337
27318197	1079	1090	heavy metal	T196	C0347988
27318197	1092	1094	Hg	T131,T196	C0025424
27318197	1098	1100	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27318197	1103	1128	salt and drought stresses	T067	C0871732
27318197	1155	1166	MtXTH genes	T028	C0017337
27318197	1187	1192	HgCl2	T121,T131,T197	C0025417
27318197	1194	1219	salt and drought stresses	T067	C0871732
27318197	1245	1255	expression	T045	C0017262
27318197	1281	1289	stresses	T067	C0871732
27318197	1303	1312	XTH genes	T028	C0017337
27318197	1336	1348	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27318197	1349	1355	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27318197	1357	1364	qRT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27318197	1378	1387	specified	T080	C0205369
27318197	1388	1398	expression	T045	C0017262
27318197	1404	1412	XTH gene	T028	C0017337
27318197	1413	1426	Medtr4g128580	T028	C0017337
27318197	1428	1434	MtXTH3	T028	C0017337
27318197	1452	1474	environmental stresses	T067	C0871732
27318197	1492	1498	MtXTH3	T028	C0017337
27318197	1514	1516	Hg	T131,T196	C0025424
27318197	1517	1525	exposure	T080	C0332157
27318197	1533	1540	results	T169	C1274040
27318197	1558	1563	group	T078	C0441833
27318197	1567	1573	MtXTHs	T028	C0017337
27318197	1598	1607	expressed	T045	C1171362
27318197	1618	1640	environmental stresses	T067	C0871732

27318553|t|Vestibular disorders and nausea during head and neck intensity-modulated radiation therapy
27318553|a|We studied whether there is a relationship between nausea and vestibular disorders in patients treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer. We performed a prospective single-centre study that enrolled 31 patients. A videonystagmography was carried out before and within 15 days after radiation therapy for each patient. Nausea was assessed at baseline, every week, and at the post-radiotherapy videonystagmography visit. Twenty-six patients had benefited from a complete interpretable videonystagmography. For 14 of these patients vestibular damage was diagnosed post-radiotherapy. During irradiation, six patients felt nauseous, but without dizziness. In univariate analysis, we found a relationship statistically significant between the average dose received by the vestibules and vestibular disorder videonystagmography (P=0.001, odds ratio [OR]: 1.08 [1.025-.138]), but there was no relationship between vestibular disorder videonystagmography and nausea (P=0.701). Irradiation of the vestibular system during IMRT does not seem to explain the nausea.
27318553	0	20	Vestibular disorders	T047	C0042594
27318553	25	31	nausea	T184	C0027497
27318553	39	43	head	T191	C0751177
27318553	48	52	neck	T191	C0746787
27318553	53	90	intensity-modulated radiation therapy	T061	C1512814
27318553	121	133	relationship	T080	C0439849
27318553	142	148	nausea	T184	C0027497
27318553	153	173	vestibular disorders	T047	C0042594
27318553	177	185	patients	T101	C0030705
27318553	186	198	treated with	T061	C0332293
27318553	199	236	intensity modulated radiation therapy	T061	C1512814
27318553	238	242	IMRT	T061	C1512814
27318553	248	252	head	T191	C0751177
27318553	257	268	neck cancer	T191	C0746787
27318553	285	316	prospective single-centre study	T062	C0033522
27318553	322	330	enrolled	T058	C1516879
27318553	334	342	patients	T101	C0030705
27318553	346	365	videonystagmography	T061	C0087111
27318553	414	431	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
27318553	441	448	patient	T101	C0030705
27318553	450	456	Nausea	T184	C0027497
27318553	473	481	baseline	T081	C1442488
27318553	506	523	post-radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27318553	524	543	videonystagmography	T061	C0087111
27318553	562	570	patients	T101	C0030705
27318553	615	634	videonystagmography	T061	C0087111
27318553	652	660	patients	T101	C0030705
27318553	661	678	vestibular damage	T033	C0235928
27318553	683	692	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27318553	693	710	post-radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27318553	719	730	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27318553	736	744	patients	T101	C0030705
27318553	750	758	nauseous	T184	C0027497
27318553	772	781	dizziness	T184	C0012833
27318553	786	805	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
27318553	818	830	relationship	T080	C0439849
27318553	831	856	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27318553	877	881	dose	T081	C0178602
27318553	898	908	vestibules	T030	C0042606
27318553	913	932	vestibular disorder	T047	C0042594
27318553	933	952	videonystagmography	T061	C0087111
27318553	963	973	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27318553	975	977	OR	T081	C0028873
27318553	1014	1016	no	T033	C1513916
27318553	1017	1029	relationship	T080	C0439849
27318553	1038	1057	vestibular disorder	T047	C0042594
27318553	1058	1077	videonystagmography	T061	C0087111
27318553	1082	1088	nausea	T184	C0027497
27318553	1100	1111	Irradiation	T070	C1282930
27318553	1119	1136	vestibular system	T022	C0682674
27318553	1144	1148	IMRT	T061	C1512814
27318553	1178	1184	nausea	T184	C0027497

27318951|t|Preventing Youth Internalizing Symptoms Through the Familias Unidas Intervention: Examining Variation in Response
27318951|a|Prevention programs that strengthen parenting and family functioning have been found to reduce poor behavioral outcomes in adolescents, including substance use, HIV risk, externalizing and internalizing problems. However, there is evidence that not all youth benefit similarly from these programs. Familias Unidas is a family-focused intervention designed to prevent substance use and sexual risk among Hispanic youth and has recently demonstrated unanticipated reductions in internalizing symptoms for some youth. This paper examines variation in intervention response for internalizing symptoms using individual-level data pooled across four distinct Familias Unidas trials: (1) 266 eighth grade students recruited from the general school population; (2) 160 ninth grade students from the general school population; (3) 213 adolescents with conduct, aggression, and/or attention problems; and (4) 242 adolescents with a delinquency history. Causal inference growth mixture modeling suggests a three- class model. The two largest classes represent youth with low (60 %) and medium (27 %) internalizing symptoms at baseline, and both intervention and control participants show reductions in internalizing symptoms. The third class (13 %) represents youth with high levels of baseline internalizing symptoms who remain at steady levels of internalizing symptoms when exposed to the intervention, but who experience an increase in symptoms under the control condition. Female gender, low baseline levels of parent - adolescent communication, and older age were associated with membership in the high-risk class. These synthesis analyses involving a large sample of youth with varying initial risk levels represent a further step toward strengthening our knowledge of preventive intervention response and improving preventive interventions.
27318951	11	16	Youth	T100	C0087178
27318951	17	39	Internalizing Symptoms	T048	C1398215
27318951	52	67	Familias Unidas	UnknownType	C0814781
27318951	68	80	Intervention	UnknownType	C0683495
27318951	92	101	Variation	T081	C1705241
27318951	105	113	Response	T201	C0521982
27318951	114	133	Prevention programs	T170	C0679717
27318951	150	159	parenting	T054	C0085092
27318951	164	182	family functioning	T054	C0680051
27318951	202	208	reduce	T061	C0441610
27318951	209	224	poor behavioral	T184	C1398200
27318951	237	248	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27318951	260	273	substance use	T048	C0237123
27318951	275	283	HIV risk	T033	C0744979
27318951	303	325	internalizing problems	T048	C1398215
27318951	367	372	youth	T100	C0087178
27318951	402	410	programs	T170	C0679717
27318951	412	427	Familias Unidas	UnknownType	C0814781
27318951	433	460	family-focused intervention	UnknownType	C0683495
27318951	481	494	substance use	T048	C0237123
27318951	499	510	sexual risk	T033	C1563228
27318951	517	525	Hispanic	T098	C0086409
27318951	526	531	youth	T100	C0087178
27318951	576	586	reductions	T061	C0441610
27318951	590	612	internalizing symptoms	T048	C1398215
27318951	622	627	youth	T100	C0087178
27318951	662	674	intervention	UnknownType	C0683495
27318951	688	710	internalizing symptoms	T048	C1398215
27318951	717	738	individual-level data	UnknownType	C0814855
27318951	767	782	Familias Unidas	UnknownType	C0814781
27318951	783	789	trials	T062	C1515364
27318951	799	811	eighth grade	T033	C2135624
27318951	812	820	students	T098	C0038492
27318951	848	865	school population	T098	C0242445
27318951	875	886	ninth grade	T033	C2135625
27318951	887	895	students	T098	C0038492
27318951	913	930	school population	T098	C0242445
27318951	940	951	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27318951	957	964	conduct	T048	C0149654
27318951	966	976	aggression	T055	C0001807
27318951	985	1003	attention problems	T033	C3843050
27318951	1017	1028	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27318951	1036	1047	delinquency	T048	C0522174
27318951	1057	1097	Causal inference growth mixture modeling	UnknownType	C0814921
27318951	1116	1121	class	T185	C0008902
27318951	1122	1127	model	T170	C3161035
27318951	1145	1152	classes	T185	C0008902
27318951	1163	1168	youth	T100	C0087178
27318951	1174	1177	low	T080	C0205251
27318951	1189	1195	medium	T081	C0439536
27318951	1203	1225	internalizing symptoms	T048	C1398215
27318951	1229	1237	baseline	T081	C1442488
27318951	1248	1260	intervention	UnknownType	C0683495
27318951	1265	1272	control	T096	C0009932
27318951	1273	1285	participants	T098	C0679646
27318951	1291	1301	reductions	T061	C0441610
27318951	1305	1327	internalizing symptoms	T048	C1398215
27318951	1339	1344	class	T185	C0008902
27318951	1363	1368	youth	T100	C0087178
27318951	1374	1378	high	T080	C0205250
27318951	1379	1385	levels	T080	C0441889
27318951	1389	1397	baseline	T081	C1442488
27318951	1398	1420	internalizing symptoms	T048	C1398215
27318951	1435	1441	steady	T080	C0205361
27318951	1442	1448	levels	T080	C0441889
27318951	1452	1474	internalizing symptoms	T048	C1398215
27318951	1480	1490	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27318951	1495	1507	intervention	UnknownType	C0683495
27318951	1543	1551	symptoms	T048	C1398215
27318951	1562	1579	control condition	T080	C0243148
27318951	1581	1594	Female gender	T032	C0086287
27318951	1596	1599	low	T080	C0205251
27318951	1600	1608	baseline	T081	C1442488
27318951	1609	1615	levels	T080	C0441889
27318951	1619	1625	parent	T099	C0030551
27318951	1628	1638	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27318951	1639	1652	communication	T054	C0009452
27318951	1658	1667	older age	T098	C1999167
27318951	1707	1716	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27318951	1717	1722	class	T185	C0008902
27318951	1777	1782	youth	T100	C0087178
27318951	1796	1815	initial risk levels	T080	C3166291
27318951	1879	1902	preventive intervention	UnknownType	C0683495
27318951	1903	1911	response	T201	C0521982
27318951	1926	1950	preventive interventions	UnknownType	C0683495

27319018|t|Percutaneous Bullectomy in Conjunction with Endobronchial Valve Placement as an Alternative to Surgical Management of Giant Bullae
27319018|a|We present the first reported case of the treatment and management of a giant bulla using percutaneous bullectomy and endobronchial valve placement. A 74- year -old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a known large bulla in the left chest presented to the emergency department with acute-onset confusion after a traumatic fall. She was subsequently diagnosed with an intracranial hemorrhage in the distribution of the right basal ganglia. Chest imaging revealed a giant apical bulla occupying 80% of the left hemithorax. In addition, there was midline shift away from the affected side associated with volume loss in the right hemithorax and no radiographic evidence of aeration in the remainder of the left lung. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed significant hypercapnia. Surgical bullectomy was not an option, and thus, a novel approach was utilized to treat this patient.
27319018	0	23	Percutaneous Bullectomy	T061	C0087111
27319018	27	38	Conjunction	T078	C2699427
27319018	44	63	Endobronchial Valve	T074	C3880733
27319018	64	73	Placement	T061	C0021107
27319018	80	91	Alternative	T077	C1523987
27319018	95	114	Surgical Management	T058	C1515089
27319018	118	130	Giant Bullae	T046	C0005758
27319018	161	165	case	T169	C0868928
27319018	173	182	treatment	T061	C0087111
27319018	187	197	management	T058	C0030677
27319018	203	214	giant bulla	T046	C0005758
27319018	221	244	percutaneous bullectomy	T061	C0087111
27319018	249	268	endobronchial valve	T074	C3880733
27319018	269	278	placement	T061	C0021107
27319018	286	290	year	T079	C0439234
27319018	296	301	woman	T098	C0043210
27319018	307	344	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
27319018	363	368	bulla	T046	C0005758
27319018	381	386	chest	T029	C0817096
27319018	404	424	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27319018	430	451	acute-onset confusion	T184	C0857042
27319018	460	469	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27319018	470	474	fall	T033	C0085639
27319018	497	506	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27319018	515	538	intracranial hemorrhage	T047	C0151699
27319018	566	585	right basal ganglia	T023	C0546018
27319018	587	600	Chest imaging	T060	C1531652
27319018	612	630	giant apical bulla	T046	C0005758
27319018	652	667	left hemithorax	T029	C0230128
27319018	692	705	midline shift	T033	C4086580
27319018	720	733	affected side	T033	C3166323
27319018	750	756	volume	T081	C0449468
27319018	757	761	loss	T081	C1517945
27319018	769	785	right hemithorax	T029	C0230127
27319018	793	814	radiographic evidence	T078	C3887511
27319018	818	826	aeration	T042	C0231940
27319018	851	860	left lung	T023	C0225730
27319018	862	889	Arterial blood gas analysis	T059	C0022885
27319018	911	922	hypercapnia	T033	C0020440
27319018	924	932	Surgical	T061	C0543467
27319018	933	943	bullectomy	T061	C0087111
27319018	981	989	approach	T082	C0449445
27319018	1006	1011	treat	T169	C1522326
27319018	1017	1024	patient	T101	C0030705

27319985|t|Acute Kidney Injury Severity and Long-Term Readmission and Mortality After Cardiac Surgery
27319985|a|Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery. While AKI severity is known to be associated with increased risk of short-term outcomes, its long-term impact is less well understood. Adult patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery at eight centers were enrolled into the Northern New England biomarker registry (n = 1,610). Patients were excluded if they had renal failure (n = 15) or died during index admission (n = 38). Severity of AKI was defined using the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN). We linked our cohort to national Medicare and state all-payer claims to ascertain readmissions and to the National Death Index to ascertain survival. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling was conducted for time to readmission and death over 5 years. Within 5 years, 513 patients (33.8%) had AKI with AKIN stage 1 (29.9%) and stage 2 to 3 (3.9%). There were 620 readmissions (39.9%) and 370 deaths (23.8%). After adjustment, stage 1 AKI patients had a 31% increased risk of readmission (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10 to 1.57), whereas stage 2 or 3 patients had a 98% increased risk (95% CI: 1.41 to 2.78) compared with patients having no AKI. Relative to patients without AKI, stage 1 patients had a 56% increased risk of mortality (95% CI: 1.14 to 2.13), whereas stage 2 or 3 patients had a 3.5 times higher risk (95% CI: 2.16 to 5.60). Severity of AKI using the AKIN stage criteria is associated with a significantly increased risk of 5-year readmission and mortality. Our findings suggest that efforts to reduce AKI in the perioperative period may have a significant long-term impact on patients and payers in reducing mortality and health care utilization.
27319985	0	19	Acute Kidney Injury	T037	C2609414
27319985	20	28	Severity	T080	C0439793
27319985	33	42	Long-Term	T079	C0443252
27319985	43	54	Readmission	T058	C0030700
27319985	59	68	Mortality	T081	C0205848
27319985	75	90	Cardiac Surgery	T061	C0018821
27319985	91	110	Acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
27319985	112	115	AKI	T037	C2609414
27319985	129	141	complication	T046	C0009566
27319985	148	163	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27319985	171	174	AKI	T037	C2609414
27319985	175	183	severity	T080	C0439793
27319985	199	214	associated with	T080	C0332281
27319985	225	229	risk	T078	C0035647
27319985	233	243	short-term	T079	C0443303
27319985	258	267	long-term	T079	C0443252
27319985	306	314	patients	T101	C0030705
27319985	335	371	coronary artery bypass graft surgery	T061	C0010055
27319985	412	451	Northern New England biomarker registry	T170	C0034975
27319985	465	473	Patients	T101	C0030705
27319985	500	513	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27319985	526	530	died	T033	C1306577
27319985	538	553	index admission	T058	C0030673
27319985	564	572	Severity	T080	C0439793
27319985	576	579	AKI	T037	C2609414
27319985	602	629	Acute Kidney Injury Network	T185	C0008902
27319985	631	635	AKIN	T185	C0008902
27319985	652	658	cohort	T081	C0009247
27319985	662	679	national Medicare	T093	C0596896
27319985	684	706	state all-payer claims	T170	C0282574
27319985	720	732	readmissions	T058	C0030700
27319985	744	764	National Death Index	T170	C3889680
27319985	778	786	survival	T169	C0220921
27319985	788	800	Kaplan-Meier	T081	C1720943
27319985	805	851	multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling	T081,T170	C0010235
27319985	878	889	readmission	T058	C0030700
27319985	894	899	death	T033	C1306577
27319985	934	942	patients	T101	C0030705
27319985	955	958	AKI	T037	C2609414
27319985	964	968	AKIN	T185	C0008902
27319985	1025	1037	readmissions	T058	C0030700
27319985	1054	1060	deaths	T033	C1306577
27319985	1096	1099	AKI	T037	C2609414
27319985	1100	1108	patients	T101	C0030705
27319985	1129	1133	risk	T078	C0035647
27319985	1137	1148	readmission	T058	C0030700
27319985	1154	1173	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27319985	1175	1177	CI	T081	C0009667
27319985	1216	1224	patients	T101	C0030705
27319985	1245	1249	risk	T078	C0035647
27319985	1255	1257	CI	T081	C0009667
27319985	1287	1295	patients	T101	C0030705
27319985	1303	1305	no	T033	C1513916
27319985	1306	1309	AKI	T037	C2609414
27319985	1323	1331	patients	T101	C0030705
27319985	1340	1343	AKI	T037	C2609414
27319985	1353	1361	patients	T101	C0030705
27319985	1382	1386	risk	T078	C0035647
27319985	1390	1399	mortality	T081	C0205848
27319985	1405	1407	CI	T081	C0009667
27319985	1445	1453	patients	T101	C0030705
27319985	1477	1481	risk	T078	C0035647
27319985	1487	1489	CI	T081	C0009667
27319985	1506	1514	Severity	T080	C0439793
27319985	1518	1521	AKI	T037	C2609414
27319985	1532	1536	AKIN	T185	C0008902
27319985	1555	1570	associated with	T080	C0332281
27319985	1597	1601	risk	T078	C0035647
27319985	1612	1623	readmission	T058	C0030700
27319985	1628	1637	mortality	T081	C0205848
27319985	1683	1686	AKI	T037	C2609414
27319985	1694	1714	perioperative period	T079	C2712230
27319985	1738	1747	long-term	T079	C0443252
27319985	1758	1766	patients	T101	C0030705
27319985	1790	1799	mortality	T081	C0205848
27319985	1804	1827	health care utilization	T058	C0030672

27320055|t|Methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) induce differential cytotoxic effects in bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells
27320055|a|Designer drugs such as synthetic psychostimulants are indicative of a worldwide problem of drug abuse and addiction. In addition to methamphetamine (METH), these drugs include 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) and commercial preparations of synthetic cathinones including 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), typically referred to as " bath salts ." These psychostimulants exert neurotoxic effects by altering monoamine systems in the brain. Additionally, METH and MDMA adversely affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB): there are no current reports on the effects of MDPV on the BBB. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of METH, MDMA and MDPV on bovine brain microvessel endothelial cells (bBMVECs), an accepted in vitro model of the BBB. Confluent bBMVEC monolayers were treated with METH, MDMA and MDPV (0.5mM-2.5mM) for 24h. METH and MDMA increased lactate dehydrogenase release only at the highest concentration (2.5mM), whereas MDPV induced cytotoxicity at all concentration s. MDMA and METH decreased cellular proliferation only at 2.5mM, with similar effects observed after MDPV exposures starting at 1mM. Only MDPV increased reactive oxygen species production at all concentrations tested whereas all 3 drugs increased nitric oxide production. Morphological analysis revealed different patterns of compound - induced cell damage. METH induced vacuole formatio n at 1mM and disruption of the monolayer at 2.5mM. MDMA induced disruption of the endothelial monolayer from 1mM without vacuolization. On the other hand, MDPV induced monolayer disruption at doses ≥0.5mM without vacuole formation; at 2.5mM, the few remaining cells lacked endothelial morphology. These data suggest that even though these synthetic psychostimulants alter monoaminergic systems, they each induce BBB toxicity by different mechanisms with MDPV being the most toxic.
27320055	0	15	Methamphetamine	T109,T131	C0025611
27320055	17	50	3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine	T109,T121,T131	C0115471
27320055	52	56	MDMA	T109,T121,T131	C0115471
27320055	62	92	3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone	T109	C2974592
27320055	94	98	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27320055	100	106	induce	T169	C0205263
27320055	107	119	differential	T080	C0443199
27320055	120	137	cytotoxic effects	T049	C0596402
27320055	141	147	bovine	T015	C0007452
27320055	148	153	brain	T023	C0006104
27320055	154	165	microvessel	T023	C2350570
27320055	166	183	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27320055	184	198	Designer drugs	T131	C0011684
27320055	207	233	synthetic psychostimulants	T121	C0304403
27320055	264	271	problem	T033	C0033213
27320055	275	285	drug abuse	T048	C0013146
27320055	290	299	addiction	T048	C1510472
27320055	316	331	methamphetamine	T109,T131	C0025611
27320055	333	337	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27320055	346	351	drugs	T131	C0011684
27320055	360	394	3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine	T109,T121,T131	C0115471
27320055	396	400	MDMA	T109,T121,T131	C0115471
27320055	406	416	commercial	T170	C0680536
27320055	417	429	preparations	T052	C1521827
27320055	433	453	synthetic cathinones	T109,T121	C0054876
27320055	464	494	3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone	T109	C2974592
27320055	496	500	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27320055	530	540	bath salts	T109,T121	C0771243
27320055	550	566	psychostimulants	T121	C0304403
27320055	573	591	neurotoxic effects	T037	C0235032
27320055	595	603	altering	T078	C1515926
27320055	604	621	monoamine systems	UnknownType	C0815020
27320055	629	634	brain	T023	C0006104
27320055	650	654	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27320055	659	663	MDMA	T109,T121,T131	C0115471
27320055	664	680	adversely affect	T046	C0879626
27320055	685	694	integrity	T080	C1947912
27320055	702	721	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
27320055	723	726	BBB	T023	C0005854
27320055	750	757	reports	T170	C0684224
27320055	765	775	effects of	T080	C1704420
27320055	776	780	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27320055	788	791	BBB	T023	C0005854
27320055	809	814	study	T062	C2603343
27320055	822	829	compare	T052	C1707455
27320055	834	844	effects of	T080	C1704420
27320055	845	849	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27320055	851	855	MDMA	T109,T121,T131	C0115471
27320055	860	864	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27320055	868	874	bovine	T015	C0007452
27320055	875	880	brain	T023	C0006104
27320055	881	892	microvessel	T023	C2350570
27320055	893	910	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27320055	912	919	bBMVECs	T025	C0225336
27320055	934	948	in vitro model	T062	C1515654
27320055	956	959	BBB	T023	C0005854
27320055	961	970	Confluent	T080	C0205200
27320055	971	977	bBMVEC	T025	C0225336
27320055	978	988	monolayers	T023	C0934502
27320055	994	1001	treated	T169	C1522326
27320055	1007	1011	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27320055	1013	1017	MDMA	T109,T121,T131	C0115471
27320055	1022	1026	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27320055	1050	1054	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27320055	1059	1063	MDMA	T109,T121,T131	C0115471
27320055	1064	1073	increased	T081	C0205217
27320055	1074	1095	lactate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0022917
27320055	1096	1103	release	T169	C1283071
27320055	1116	1123	highest	T080	C1522410
27320055	1124	1137	concentration	T081	C1446561
27320055	1155	1159	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27320055	1160	1167	induced	T169	C0205263
27320055	1168	1180	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27320055	1188	1201	concentration	T081	C1446561
27320055	1205	1209	MDMA	T109,T121,T131	C0115471
27320055	1214	1218	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27320055	1219	1228	decreased	T081	C0205216
27320055	1229	1251	cellular proliferation	T043	C0596290
27320055	1280	1287	effects	T080	C1280500
27320055	1303	1307	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27320055	1308	1317	exposures	T080	C0332157
27320055	1340	1344	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27320055	1345	1354	increased	T081	C0205217
27320055	1355	1378	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27320055	1379	1389	production	T052	C1883254
27320055	1397	1411	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27320055	1412	1418	tested	T169	C0039593
27320055	1433	1438	drugs	T131	C0011684
27320055	1439	1448	increased	T081	C0205217
27320055	1449	1461	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27320055	1462	1472	production	T052	C1883254
27320055	1474	1496	Morphological analysis	T062	C0936012
27320055	1506	1515	different	T080	C1705242
27320055	1528	1536	compound	T103	C1706082
27320055	1539	1546	induced	T169	C0205263
27320055	1547	1558	cell damage	T049	C0599732
27320055	1560	1564	METH	T109,T131	C0025611
27320055	1565	1572	induced	T169	C0205263
27320055	1573	1580	vacuole	T026	C0042219
27320055	1581	1589	formatio	T169	C1522492
27320055	1603	1613	disruption	T169	C0332453
27320055	1621	1630	monolayer	T023	C0934502
27320055	1641	1645	MDMA	T109,T121,T131	C0115471
27320055	1646	1653	induced	T169	C0205263
27320055	1654	1664	disruption	T169	C0332453
27320055	1672	1683	endothelial	T025	C0225336
27320055	1684	1693	monolayer	T023	C0934502
27320055	1711	1724	vacuolization	T033	C0010840
27320055	1745	1749	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27320055	1750	1757	induced	T169	C0205263
27320055	1758	1767	monolayer	T023	C0934502
27320055	1768	1778	disruption	T169	C0332453
27320055	1782	1787	doses	T081	C0178602
27320055	1803	1810	vacuole	T026	C0042219
27320055	1811	1820	formation	T169	C1522492
27320055	1850	1855	cells	T025	C0007634
27320055	1863	1885	endothelial morphology	T080	C0332437
27320055	1893	1897	data	T078	C1511726
27320055	1929	1955	synthetic psychostimulants	T121	C0304403
27320055	1962	1983	monoaminergic systems	UnknownType	C0815020
27320055	1995	2001	induce	T169	C0205263
27320055	2002	2005	BBB	T023	C0005854
27320055	2006	2014	toxicity	T037	C0013221
27320055	2018	2027	different	T080	C1705242
27320055	2028	2038	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27320055	2044	2048	MDPV	T109	C2974592
27320055	2064	2069	toxic	T080	C1407029

27320863|t|Alleviation of hepatic fat accumulation by betaine involves reduction of homocysteine via up-regulation of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT)
27320863|a|We investigated the anti-lipogenic effect of betaine in rats fed methionine and choline - deficient diet (MCD). Intake of MCD for 3 wk resulted in a significant accumulation of hepatic lipids, which was prevented by betaine supplementation in drinking water (1%). Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), and liver kinase B1 (LKB1) was inhibited by MCD intake, and these changes were all inhibited by betaine feeding. Meanwhile, betaine supplementation reversed the reduction of methionine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and the elevation of homocysteine levels in the liver, which could be attributable to the induction of betaine-homocysteine methyltransfease (BHMT) and methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT). Different cell lines were used to clarify the role of homocysteine on activation of the AMPK pathway. Homocysteine treatment decreased pAMPK, pACC, pSREBP-1c and pLKB1 in HepG2 cells. Metformin - induced activation of AMPK was also inhibited by homocysteine. Treatment with hydroxylamine, a cystathionine β-synthase inhibitor, resulted in a reduction of pAMPK, pACC and pSREBP-1c, accompanied by an elevation of intracellular homocysteine. Betaine treatment prevented the homocysteine - induced reduction of pAMPK, pACC, pSREBP-1c and pLKB1 in H4IIE cells, but not in HepG2 cells. Also the elevation of cellular homocysteine and inhibition of protein expression of BHMT were prevented by betaine only in H4IIE cells which express BHMT. The results suggest that the beneficial effect of betaine against hepatic lipid accumulation may be attributed, at least in part, to the depletion of homocysteine via up-regulation of BHMT in hepatocytes.
27320863	0	11	Alleviation	T080	C0392756
27320863	15	22	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27320863	23	39	fat accumulation	T033	C0333574
27320863	43	50	betaine	T109,T121	C0005304
27320863	60	69	reduction	T080	C0392756
27320863	73	85	homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
27320863	90	103	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27320863	107	145	betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase	T116,T126	C0053518
27320863	147	151	BHMT	T116,T126	C0053518
27320863	156	168	investigated	T169	C1292732
27320863	173	194	anti-lipogenic effect	T169	C0205245
27320863	198	205	betaine	T109,T121	C0005304
27320863	209	213	rats	T015	C0086893
27320863	218	228	methionine	T116,T121,T123	C0025646
27320863	233	240	choline	T109,T121,T123	C0008405
27320863	243	252	deficient	T080	C0332268
27320863	253	257	diet	T168	C0012155
27320863	259	262	MCD	T168	C0012155
27320863	275	278	MCD	T168	C0012155
27320863	302	313	significant	T078	C0750502
27320863	314	326	accumulation	T033	C0333574
27320863	330	337	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27320863	338	344	lipids	T109	C0023779
27320863	356	365	prevented	T080	C2700409
27320863	369	376	betaine	T109,T121	C0005304
27320863	377	392	supplementation	T061	C0242297
27320863	396	410	drinking water	T167	C0599638
27320863	417	432	Phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27320863	436	464	AMP-activated protein kinase	T116,T126	C2350345
27320863	466	470	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27320863	473	495	acetyl-CoA carboxylase	T116,T126	C0001022
27320863	497	500	ACC	T116,T126	C0001022
27320863	503	547	sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c	T116,T123	C0537474
27320863	549	557	SREBP-1c	T116,T123	C0537474
27320863	564	579	liver kinase B1	T116,T126	C1431123
27320863	581	585	LKB1	T116,T126	C1431123
27320863	591	600	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27320863	604	607	MCD	T168	C0012155
27320863	608	614	intake	T169	C1512806
27320863	643	652	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27320863	656	663	betaine	T109,T121	C0005304
27320863	664	671	feeding	T058	C3714845
27320863	684	691	betaine	T109,T121	C0005304
27320863	692	707	supplementation	T061	C0242297
27320863	708	716	reversed	T169	C1555029
27320863	721	730	reduction	T080	C0392756
27320863	734	769	methionine and S-adenosylmethionine	T044	C1325080
27320863	771	774	SAM	T044	C1325080
27320863	785	794	elevation	T080	C3163633
27320863	798	817	homocysteine levels	T059	C2242817
27320863	825	831	liver,	T023	C0023884
27320863	867	876	induction	T045	C0014431
27320863	880	917	betaine-homocysteine methyltransfease	T116,T126	C0053518
27320863	919	923	BHMT	T116,T126	C0053518
27320863	929	959	methionine adenosyltransferase	T116,T126	C0025647
27320863	961	964	MAT	T116,T126	C0025647
27320863	967	976	Different	T080	C1705242
27320863	977	987	cell lines	T025	C0007634
27320863	1021	1033	homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
27320863	1037	1047	activation	T044	C0014429
27320863	1055	1059	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27320863	1060	1067	pathway	T044	C0598390
27320863	1069	1081	Homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
27320863	1082	1091	treatment	T169	C1522326
27320863	1092	1101	decreased	T081	C0205216
27320863	1102	1107	pAMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27320863	1109	1113	pACC	T116,T126	C0001022
27320863	1115	1124	pSREBP-1c	T116,T123	C0537474
27320863	1129	1134	pLKB1	T116,T126	C1431123
27320863	1138	1149	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27320863	1151	1160	Metformin	T109,T121	C0025598
27320863	1163	1170	induced	T169	C0205263
27320863	1171	1181	activation	T044	C0014429
27320863	1185	1189	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27320863	1199	1208	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27320863	1212	1224	homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
27320863	1226	1235	Treatment	T169	C1522326
27320863	1241	1254	hydroxylamine	T197	C0020362
27320863	1258	1282	cystathionine β-synthase	T116,T126	C0010641
27320863	1283	1292	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27320863	1308	1317	reduction	T080	C0392756
27320863	1321	1326	pAMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27320863	1328	1332	pACC	T116,T126	C0001022
27320863	1337	1346	pSREBP-1c	T116,T123	C0537474
27320863	1366	1375	elevation	T080	C3163633
27320863	1379	1392	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27320863	1393	1405	homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
27320863	1407	1414	Betaine	T109,T121	C0005304
27320863	1415	1424	treatment	T061	C0087111
27320863	1425	1434	prevented	T080	C2700409
27320863	1439	1451	homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
27320863	1454	1461	induced	T169	C0205263
27320863	1462	1471	reduction	T080	C0392756
27320863	1475	1480	pAMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27320863	1482	1486	pACC	T116,T126	C0001022
27320863	1488	1497	pSREBP-1c	T116,T123	C0537474
27320863	1502	1507	pLKB1	T116,T126	C1431123
27320863	1511	1522	H4IIE cells	T025	C0007634
27320863	1535	1546	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27320863	1557	1566	elevation	T080	C3163633
27320863	1579	1591	homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
27320863	1596	1606	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27320863	1610	1628	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27320863	1632	1636	BHMT	T116,T126	C0053518
27320863	1642	1651	prevented	T080	C2700409
27320863	1655	1662	betaine	T109,T121	C0005304
27320863	1671	1682	H4IIE cells	T025	C0007634
27320863	1689	1696	express	T045	C1171362
27320863	1697	1701	BHMT	T116,T126	C0053518
27320863	1753	1760	betaine	T109,T121	C0005304
27320863	1769	1776	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27320863	1777	1782	lipid	T109	C0023779
27320863	1783	1795	accumulation	T033	C0333574
27320863	1803	1813	attributed	T078	C0449234
27320863	1840	1849	depletion	T169	C0333668
27320863	1853	1865	homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
27320863	1870	1883	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27320863	1887	1891	BHMT	T116,T126	C0053518
27320863	1895	1906	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525

27320961|t|Constitutive expression of cytochrome P450 in foetal and adult porcine livers - Effects of body weight
27320961|a|The liver hosts a great number of enzymatically driven processes, including detoxification. The super-family of enzymes named cytochrome P450 (CYP) is the major participant in that process. The expression of CYPs is affected by several factors including life-stage (foetal vs. adult). In the present study we investigated the impact of birth-weight (high or low birth weight) and life-stage on constitutive expression of porcine hepatic CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2A19, CYP2B22, CYP2C33, CYP2D25, CYP2E1 and CYP3A29, as well as the transcription factors controlling their expression; aryl hydrocarbon receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, pregnane X receptor, C/EBP and hepatocyte nuclear factors 1 and 4. Both RT-PCR and western blotting showed a marked increase in the expression of the adult pigs compared with prenatal pigs. Moreover, CYP2E1 mRNA expression was 7.5 fold higher in foetuses with low birth weight compared with foetuses with high birth weight. Gender did not affect the mRNA expression within the different life-stages. These results indicate a similarity to what is observed in humans and porcine foetuses may therefore be a model for humans when studying expression of CYPs.
27320961	13	23	expression	T045	C1171362
27320961	27	42	cytochrome P450	T116,T126	C0010762
27320961	46	52	foetal	T018	C0015965
27320961	57	62	adult	T100	C0001675
27320961	63	70	porcine	T015	C3665571
27320961	71	77	livers	T023	C0023884
27320961	80	87	Effects	T080	C1280500
27320961	91	102	body weight	T032	C0005910
27320961	107	112	liver	T023	C0023884
27320961	137	150	enzymatically	T116,T126	C0014442
27320961	158	167	processes	T067	C1522240
27320961	179	193	detoxification	T042	C0232749
27320961	215	222	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27320961	229	244	cytochrome P450	T116,T126	C0010762
27320961	246	249	CYP	T116,T126	C0010762
27320961	284	291	process	T042	C0232749
27320961	297	307	expression	T045	C1171362
27320961	311	315	CYPs	T116,T126	C0010762
27320961	357	367	life-stage	T079	C0680083
27320961	369	375	foetal	T018	C0015965
27320961	380	385	adult	T100	C0001675
27320961	403	408	study	T062	C2603343
27320961	412	424	investigated	T169	C1292732
27320961	439	451	birth-weight	T032	C0005612
27320961	453	457	high	T080	C0205250
27320961	461	464	low	T080	C0205251
27320961	465	477	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27320961	483	493	life-stage	T079	C0680083
27320961	510	520	expression	T045	C1171362
27320961	524	531	porcine	T015	C3665571
27320961	532	539	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27320961	540	546	CYP1A1	T116,T126	C0059735
27320961	548	554	CYP1A2	T116,T126	C0207509
27320961	556	563	CYP2A19	T116,T126	C0010762
27320961	565	572	CYP2B22	T116,T126	C0010762
27320961	574	581	CYP2C33	T116,T126	C0010762
27320961	583	590	CYP2D25	T116,T126	C0010762
27320961	592	598	CYP2E1	T116,T126	C0010763
27320961	603	610	CYP3A29	T116,T126	C0010762
27320961	627	648	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27320961	667	677	expression	T045	C1171362
27320961	679	704	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	T116,T192	C0052441
27320961	706	738	constitutive androstane receptor	T116,T192	C0914906
27320961	740	759	pregnane X receptor	T116,T192	C0671771
27320961	761	766	C/EBP	T116,T123	C0108685
27320961	771	799	hepatocyte nuclear factors 1	T116,T123	C0065110
27320961	804	805	4	T116,T123	C0084821
27320961	812	818	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27320961	823	839	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27320961	856	864	increase	T169	C0442805
27320961	872	882	expression	T045	C1171362
27320961	890	900	adult pigs	T015	C3687640
27320961	901	909	compared	T052	C1707455
27320961	915	923	prenatal	T100	C0678804
27320961	924	928	pigs	T015	C3665571
27320961	940	946	CYP2E1	T114,T123	C0035696
27320961	947	962	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27320961	986	994	foetuses	T018	C0015965
27320961	1000	1003	low	T080	C0205251
27320961	1004	1016	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27320961	1017	1025	compared	T052	C1707455
27320961	1031	1039	foetuses	T018	C0015965
27320961	1045	1049	high	T080	C0205250
27320961	1050	1062	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27320961	1064	1070	Gender	T032	C0079399
27320961	1090	1105	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27320961	1127	1138	life-stages	T079	C0680083
27320961	1199	1205	humans	T016	C0086418
27320961	1210	1217	porcine	T015	C3665571
27320961	1218	1226	foetuses	T018	C0015965
27320961	1246	1251	model	T075	C0026336
27320961	1256	1262	humans	T016	C0086418
27320961	1268	1276	studying	T062	C2603343
27320961	1277	1287	expression	T045	C1171362
27320961	1291	1295	CYPs	T116,T126	C0010762

27321338|t|Association of abdominal fat with serum amylase in an older cohort: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
27321338|a|Abdominal fat is a major determinant of metabolic diseases in older individuals. Obesity and diabetes are associated with low serum amylase (SA) levels, but the association between SA and metabolic disease is poorly understood. We investigated the association of low SA with diabetes and sex - specific associations of serum amylase with abdominal fat in older adults. In community-dwelling volunteers from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (778 participants, age 66.8±13.6 years), we assessed abdominal fat by computed tomography and diabetes status using the American Diabetes Association criteria. Linear regression analyses assessed the cross-sectional associations between abdominal fat and SA, and logistic regression assessed the odds of diabetes, given low SA. In unadjusted analyses, individuals in the lowest SA quartile (<48μ/L) had 1.97 greater odds of diabetes, (95% CI, 1.01-3.83) than those in the highest quartile (⩾80μ/L). This association was no longer significant after adjusting for visceral adipose tissue area (VAT, dm(2)), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT, dm(2)) or BMI. In adjusted analyses, VAT and SAT were significantly associated with SA in both sexes. Among women, SA was more strongly associated with VAT than with SAT or BMI; VAT (β=-0.117±0.048, P<0.001), SAT (β=-0.023±0.025, P=0.346) and BMI (β=-0.0052±0.075, P=0.49). The association between SA and diabetes was explained mainly by abdominal visceral fat. In women, SA was more strongly associated with VAT than with BMI or SAT. These findings provide motivation for future mechanistic studies on SA's role in metabolic diseases.
27321338	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27321338	15	28	abdominal fat	T024	C1563742
27321338	34	39	serum	T031	C0229671
27321338	40	47	amylase	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
27321338	54	59	older	T098	C0001792
27321338	60	66	cohort	T098	C0599755
27321338	72	81	Baltimore	T083	C0004716
27321338	82	100	Longitudinal Study	T062	C0023981
27321338	104	109	Aging	T040	C0001811
27321338	110	123	Abdominal fat	T024	C1563742
27321338	135	146	determinant	T169	C1521761
27321338	150	168	metabolic diseases	T047	C0025517
27321338	172	177	older	T098	C0001792
27321338	178	189	individuals	T098	C0237401
27321338	191	198	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27321338	203	211	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27321338	216	231	associated with	T080	C0332281
27321338	232	235	low	T080	C0205251
27321338	236	261	serum amylase (SA) levels	T033	C0729348
27321338	271	282	association	T080	C0439849
27321338	291	293	SA	T033	C0729348
27321338	298	315	metabolic disease	T047	C0025517
27321338	341	353	investigated	T169	C1292732
27321338	358	369	association	T080	C0439849
27321338	373	376	low	T080	C0205251
27321338	377	379	SA	T033	C0729348
27321338	385	393	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27321338	398	401	sex	T032	C1522384
27321338	404	412	specific	T080	C0205369
27321338	413	425	associations	T080	C0439849
27321338	429	434	serum	T031	C0229671
27321338	435	442	amylase	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
27321338	448	461	abdominal fat	T024	C1563742
27321338	465	477	older adults	T100	C0001675
27321338	482	500	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
27321338	501	511	volunteers	T098	C0020155
27321338	521	530	Baltimore	T083	C0004716
27321338	531	549	Longitudinal Study	T062	C0023981
27321338	553	558	Aging	T040	C0001811
27321338	564	576	participants	T098	C0679646
27321338	578	581	age	T032	C0001779
27321338	592	597	years	T079	C0439234
27321338	603	611	assessed	T052	C1516048
27321338	612	625	abdominal fat	T024	C1563742
27321338	629	648	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27321338	653	668	diabetes status	T033	C1317301
27321338	679	708	American Diabetes Association	T094	C1705019
27321338	709	717	criteria	T078	C0243161
27321338	719	745	Linear regression analyses	T081	C0023733
27321338	746	754	assessed	T052	C1516048
27321338	759	787	cross-sectional associations	T080	C0439849
27321338	796	809	abdominal fat	T024	C1563742
27321338	814	816	SA	T033	C0729348
27321338	822	841	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27321338	842	850	assessed	T052	C1516048
27321338	855	859	odds	T081	C0028873
27321338	863	871	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27321338	879	882	low	T080	C0205251
27321338	883	885	SA	T033	C0729348
27321338	890	909	unadjusted analyses	T062	C0936012
27321338	911	922	individuals	T098	C0237401
27321338	930	936	lowest	T080	C0205251
27321338	937	939	SA	T033	C0729348
27321338	940	948	quartile	T080	C2828255
27321338	975	979	odds	T081	C0028873
27321338	983	991	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27321338	998	1000	CI	T081	C0009667
27321338	1039	1047	quartile	T080	C2828255
27321338	1063	1074	association	T080	C0439849
27321338	1089	1100	significant	T078	C0750502
27321338	1121	1149	visceral adipose tissue area	T024	C1563740
27321338	1151	1154	VAT	T024	C1563740
27321338	1164	1201	abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue	T024	C1563741
27321338	1203	1206	SAT	T024	C1563741
27321338	1218	1221	BMI	T201	C1305855
27321338	1226	1243	adjusted analyses	T062	C0936012
27321338	1245	1248	VAT	T024	C1563740
27321338	1253	1256	SAT	T024	C1563741
27321338	1262	1275	significantly	T078	C0750502
27321338	1276	1291	associated with	T080	C0332281
27321338	1292	1294	SA	T033	C0729348
27321338	1303	1308	sexes	T032	C1522384
27321338	1316	1321	women	T098	C0043210
27321338	1323	1325	SA	T033	C0729348
27321338	1344	1359	associated with	T080	C0332281
27321338	1360	1363	VAT	T024	C1563740
27321338	1374	1377	SAT	T024	C1563741
27321338	1381	1384	BMI	T201	C1305855
27321338	1386	1389	VAT	T024	C1563740
27321338	1417	1420	SAT	T024	C1563741
27321338	1451	1454	BMI	T201	C1305855
27321338	1486	1497	association	T080	C0439849
27321338	1506	1508	SA	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
27321338	1513	1521	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27321338	1546	1568	abdominal visceral fat	T024	C1563740
27321338	1573	1578	women	T098	C0043210
27321338	1580	1582	SA	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
27321338	1601	1616	associated with	T080	C0332281
27321338	1617	1620	VAT	T024	C1563740
27321338	1631	1634	BMI	T201	C1305855
27321338	1638	1641	SAT	T024	C1563741
27321338	1688	1707	mechanistic studies	T089	C2698671
27321338	1711	1715	SA's	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
27321338	1724	1742	metabolic diseases	T047	C0025517

27321568|t|Efficacy of Intravenous Chlorothiazide for Refractory Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Unresponsive to Adjunct Metolazone
27321568|a|To assess the efficacy of intravenous chlorothiazide in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) who were determined to be loop diuretic resistant and refractory to metolazone. Retrospective cohort study with patients serving as their own controls. Large, academic, tertiary care hospital. Forty-five patients with ADHF who had an inadequate response to high-dose loop diuretics and then received at least one dose of oral metolazone 5 mg or greater (metolazone index dose) followed by at least one dose of intravenous chlorothiazide 500 mg (chlorothiazide index dose) if the response to metolazone was considered inadequate, according to the institutional protocol, between February 4, 2013, and February 28, 2015, were included. If multiple doses of metolazone were administered, the last dose given before the chlorothiazide index dose was considered the index dose; the metolazone index dose had to have been administered more than 2 hours before the chlorothiazide index dose. Data for a total of 90 diuretic doses (45 metolazone, 45 chlorothiazide) were included in the analysis. The median dose of loop diuretic in intravenous furosemide equivalents given over the 24- hour period before the metolazone index dose was 400 mg. The average length of stay was 34.7 days, and in-hospital mortality was 35.6% (16/45 patients). The primary end point of a net-negative urine output of 500 ml or greater during the 12 hours after the index dose occurred in 42.2% (19/45 patients) and 35.5% (16/45 patients) for the chlorothiazide and metolazone doses, respectively (p=0.581). The median 12- hour urine output following administration of metolazone was 810 ml (interquartile range [IQR] 866 ml) versus 1075 ml (IQR 940 ml) following administration of chlorothiazide (p=0.363). Compared with metolazone, the chlorothiazide doses did not result in an increase in urine output of at least 500 ml during the 12 hours following the dose relative to the 12 hours before the dose (31.1% vs 22.2%, p=0.754). No significant difference in achievement of net-negative urine output of 500 ml or greater during the 12 hours following the chlorothiazide or metolazone dose was noted (42.2% for chlorothiazide vs 35.5% for metolazone, p=0.581). The addition of intravenous chlorothiazide did not result in improved diuresis in patients with ADHF determined to be refractory to loop diuretic s and adjunctive oral metolazone.
27321568	0	8	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
27321568	12	23	Intravenous	T082	C0348016
27321568	24	38	Chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	43	53	Refractory	T169	C0205269
27321568	54	87	Acute Decompensated Heart Failure	T047	C1609524
27321568	88	100	Unresponsive	T169	C0205269
27321568	104	111	Adjunct	T169	C1719882
27321568	112	122	Metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	137	145	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27321568	149	160	intravenous	T082	C0348016
27321568	161	175	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	179	187	patients	T101	C0030705
27321568	193	226	acute decompensated heart failure	T047	C1609524
27321568	228	232	ADHF	T047	C1609524
27321568	260	273	loop diuretic	T121	C0354100
27321568	274	283	resistant	T169	C0332325
27321568	288	298	refractory	T169	C0205269
27321568	302	312	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	314	340	Retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
27321568	346	354	patients	T101	C0030705
27321568	376	384	controls	T096	C0009932
27321568	386	391	Large	T081	C0549177
27321568	393	401	academic	T092	C1510747
27321568	403	425	tertiary care hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
27321568	438	446	patients	T101	C0030705
27321568	452	456	ADHF	T047	C1609524
27321568	468	478	inadequate	T080	C0205412
27321568	479	487	response	T032	C0871261
27321568	491	500	high-dose	T081	C0444956
27321568	501	515	loop diuretics	T121	C0354100
27321568	547	551	dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	555	559	oral	T082	C0442027
27321568	560	570	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	579	586	greater	T081	C1704243
27321568	588	598	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	599	609	index dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	636	640	dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	644	655	intravenous	T082	C0348016
27321568	656	670	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	679	693	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	694	704	index dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	725	735	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	751	761	inadequate	T080	C0205412
27321568	780	802	institutional protocol	T170	C0442711
27321568	880	885	doses	T081	C0178602
27321568	889	899	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	905	917	administered	T058	C0806914
27321568	928	932	dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	950	964	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	965	975	index dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	995	1005	index dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	1011	1021	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	1022	1032	index dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	1050	1062	administered	T058	C0806914
27321568	1075	1080	hours	T079	C0439227
27321568	1092	1106	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	1107	1117	index dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	1119	1123	Data	T078	C1511726
27321568	1142	1150	diuretic	T121	C0354100
27321568	1151	1156	doses	T081	C0178602
27321568	1161	1171	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	1176	1190	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	1213	1221	analysis	T062	C0936012
27321568	1234	1238	dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	1242	1255	loop diuretic	T121	C0354100
27321568	1259	1270	intravenous	T082	C0348016
27321568	1271	1281	furosemide	T109,T121	C0016860
27321568	1313	1317	hour	T079	C0439227
27321568	1318	1324	period	T079	C1948053
27321568	1336	1346	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	1347	1357	index dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	1392	1396	stay	T079	C3489408
27321568	1406	1410	days	T079	C0439228
27321568	1416	1437	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
27321568	1455	1463	patients	T101	C0030705
27321568	1478	1487	end point	T080	C2349179
27321568	1493	1505	net-negative	T033	C0205160
27321568	1506	1518	urine output	T201	C0232856
27321568	1554	1559	hours	T079	C0439227
27321568	1570	1580	index dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	1606	1614	patients	T101	C0030705
27321568	1633	1641	patients	T101	C0030705
27321568	1651	1665	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	1670	1680	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	1681	1686	doses	T081	C0178602
27321568	1727	1731	hour	T079	C0439227
27321568	1732	1744	urine output	T201	C0232856
27321568	1755	1769	administration	T081	C0001555
27321568	1773	1783	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	1796	1815	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27321568	1817	1820	IQR	T081	C1711350
27321568	1846	1849	IQR	T081	C1711350
27321568	1868	1882	administration	T081	C0001555
27321568	1886	1900	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	1912	1920	Compared	T052	C1707455
27321568	1926	1936	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	1942	1956	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	1957	1962	doses	T081	C0178602
27321568	1984	1992	increase	T169	C0442805
27321568	1996	2008	urine output	T201	C0232856
27321568	2042	2047	hours	T079	C0439227
27321568	2062	2066	dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	2086	2091	hours	T079	C0439227
27321568	2103	2107	dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	2179	2191	net-negative	T033	C0205160
27321568	2192	2204	urine output	T201	C0232856
27321568	2240	2245	hours	T079	C0439227
27321568	2260	2274	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	2278	2288	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	2289	2293	dose	T081	C0178602
27321568	2315	2329	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	2343	2353	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854
27321568	2381	2392	intravenous	T082	C0348016
27321568	2393	2407	chlorothiazide	T109,T121	C0008273
27321568	2426	2434	improved	T033	C0184511
27321568	2435	2443	diuresis	T042	C0012797
27321568	2447	2455	patients	T101	C0030705
27321568	2461	2465	ADHF	T047	C1609524
27321568	2483	2493	refractory	T169	C0205269
27321568	2497	2510	loop diuretic	T121	C0354100
27321568	2517	2527	adjunctive	T169	C1719882
27321568	2528	2532	oral	T082	C0442027
27321568	2533	2543	metolazone	T109,T121	C0025854

27321599|t|Antipsychotic Drugs and Risk of Hip Fracture in People Aged 60 and Older in Norway
27321599|a|To examine associations between exposure to various subgroups of antipsychotic drugs and risk of hip fracture in older adults. Nationwide cohort study. Norway, 2005-2010. Everyone living in Norway born before 1945 (N = 906,422). Information was obtained on all prescriptions of antipsychotic drugs dispensed from 2004 to 2010 (Norwegian Prescription Database) and data on all primary hip fractures from 2005 to 2010 (Norwegian Hip Fracture Registry). Incidence rates of hip fracture during person-time exposed and unexposed to antipsychotic drugs were compared by calculating the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). Thirty-nine thousand nine hundred thirty-eight (4.4%) participants experienced a primary hip fracture. Greater risk of hip fracture was associated with exposure to any antipsychotic (SIR = 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.9-2.1), first-generation antipsychotics (SIR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.8-2.2), second-generation antipsychotics (SIR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.9-2.4), prolactin -sparing antipsychotics (SIR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.8-3.1) and prolactin -elevating antipsychotics (SIR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.9-2.2). In people aged 60 and older in Norway, those who took an antipsychotic drug had twice the risk of sustaining a hip fracture during exposure than during nonexposure. Although confounding by indication, comorbidity, or other drugs used cannot be excluded, this association is relevant for clinical practice because hip fracture and antipsychotic drug use are prevalent in vulnerable older individuals. Clinical studies examining mechanisms or causality of the observed association between antipsychotic drug use and excess risk of hip fracture are needed.
27321599	0	19	Antipsychotic Drugs	T121	C0040615
27321599	24	31	Risk of	T078	C0035647
27321599	32	44	Hip Fracture	T037	C0019557
27321599	48	54	People	T098	C0027361
27321599	55	59	Aged	T032	C0001779
27321599	67	72	Older	T098	C0001792
27321599	76	82	Norway	T083	C0028423
27321599	94	106	associations	T080	C0439849
27321599	115	123	exposure	T080	C0332157
27321599	148	167	antipsychotic drugs	T121	C0040615
27321599	172	179	risk of	T078	C0035647
27321599	180	192	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27321599	196	201	older	T098	C0001792
27321599	202	208	adults	T100	C0001675
27321599	221	233	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27321599	235	241	Norway	T083	C0028423
27321599	273	279	Norway	T083	C0028423
27321599	312	323	Information	T078	C1533716
27321599	344	357	prescriptions	T170	C0033081
27321599	361	380	antipsychotic drugs	T121	C0040615
27321599	410	441	Norwegian Prescription Database	T170	C0242356
27321599	447	451	data	T078	C1511726
27321599	459	466	primary	T080	C0205225
27321599	467	480	hip fractures	T037	C0019557
27321599	500	531	Norwegian Hip Fracture Registry	T170	C0282574
27321599	534	549	Incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27321599	553	565	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27321599	566	572	during	T079	C0347984
27321599	585	592	exposed	T080	C0332157
27321599	610	629	antipsychotic drugs	T121	C0040615
27321599	635	643	compared	T052	C1707455
27321599	647	658	calculating	T052	C1441506
27321599	663	691	standardized incidence ratio	T081	C0456603
27321599	693	696	SIR	T081	C0456603
27321599	753	765	participants	T098	C0679646
27321599	780	787	primary	T080	C0205225
27321599	788	800	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27321599	810	817	risk of	T078	C0035647
27321599	818	830	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27321599	835	850	associated with	T080	C0332281
27321599	851	859	exposure	T080	C0332157
27321599	867	880	antipsychotic	T121	C0040615
27321599	882	885	SIR	T081	C0456603
27321599	897	916	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27321599	918	920	CI	T081	C0009667
27321599	934	950	first-generation	T185	C0008902
27321599	951	965	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
27321599	967	970	SIR	T081	C0456603
27321599	982	984	CI	T081	C0009667
27321599	997	1014	second-generation	T185	C0008902
27321599	1015	1029	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
27321599	1031	1034	SIR	T081	C0456603
27321599	1046	1048	CI	T081	C0009667
27321599	1061	1070	prolactin	T116,T121,T125	C0033371
27321599	1080	1094	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
27321599	1096	1099	SIR	T081	C0456603
27321599	1111	1113	CI	T081	C0009667
27321599	1129	1138	prolactin	T116,T121,T125	C0033371
27321599	1150	1164	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
27321599	1166	1169	SIR	T081	C0456603
27321599	1181	1183	CI	T081	C0009667
27321599	1199	1205	people	T098	C0027361
27321599	1206	1210	aged	T032	C0001779
27321599	1218	1223	older	T098	C0001792
27321599	1227	1233	Norway	T083	C0028423
27321599	1253	1271	antipsychotic drug	T121	C0040615
27321599	1286	1293	risk of	T078	C0035647
27321599	1307	1319	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27321599	1327	1335	exposure	T080	C0332157
27321599	1370	1381	confounding	T169	C0009673
27321599	1385	1395	indication	T078	C3146298
27321599	1397	1408	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27321599	1419	1424	drugs	T121	C0013227
27321599	1455	1466	association	T080	C0439849
27321599	1483	1500	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
27321599	1509	1521	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
27321599	1526	1544	antipsychotic drug	T121	C0040615
27321599	1545	1548	use	T048	C0242510
27321599	1566	1576	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
27321599	1577	1582	older	T098	C0001792
27321599	1583	1594	individuals	T098	C0027361
27321599	1596	1612	Clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27321599	1623	1633	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27321599	1637	1646	causality	T169	C0015127
27321599	1663	1674	association	T080	C0439849
27321599	1683	1701	antipsychotic drug	T121	C0040615
27321599	1717	1724	risk of	T078	C0035647
27321599	1725	1737	hip fracture	T037	C0019557

27321745|t|Bisphenol-A removal by the halophyte Juncus acutus in a phytoremediation pilot: Characterization and potential role of the endophytic community
27321745|a|A phytoremediation pilot emulating a shallow aquifer planted with Juncus acutus showed to be effective for remediating Bisphenol-A (BPA) contaminated groundwater. Biostimulation with root exudates, low molecular weight organic acids, of J. acutus did not improve BPA - degradation rates. Furthermore, the endophytic bacterial community of J. acutus was isolated and characterized. Many strains were found to possess increased tolerance to metals such as Zn, Ni, Pb and Cd. Moreover, several endophytic bacterial strains tolerated and even used BPA and/or two antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole) as a sole carbon source. Our results demonstrate that the cultivable bacterial endophytic community of J. acutus is able to use organic contaminants as carbon sources, tolerates metals and is equipped with plant-growth promoting traits. Therefore, J. acutus has potential to be exploited in constructed wetlands when co-contamination is one of the restricting factors.
27321745	0	11	Bisphenol-A	T109,T131	C0053800
27321745	12	19	removal	T061	C0185115
27321745	27	36	halophyte	T002	C2350261
27321745	37	50	Juncus acutus	T002	C1639894
27321745	56	72	phytoremediation	T069	C1720751
27321745	73	78	pilot	T062	C0031928
27321745	80	96	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27321745	101	110	potential	T080	C3245505
27321745	111	115	role	T077	C1705810
27321745	123	133	endophytic	T004	C1265415
27321745	134	143	community	T096	C0009462
27321745	146	162	phytoremediation	T069	C1720751
27321745	163	168	pilot	T062	C0031928
27321745	181	188	shallow	T082	C1254362
27321745	189	196	aquifer	T070	C3178977
27321745	210	223	Juncus acutus	T002	C1639894
27321745	237	246	effective	T080	C1704419
27321745	251	262	remediating	T069	C1720751
27321745	263	274	Bisphenol-A	T109,T131	C0053800
27321745	276	279	BPA	T109,T131	C0053800
27321745	281	293	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27321745	294	305	groundwater	T121,T197	C0043047
27321745	307	321	Biostimulation	T052	C0441655
27321745	327	331	root	T002	C0242726
27321745	332	340	exudates	T167	C0439861
27321745	342	345	low	T080	C0205251
27321745	346	362	molecular weight	T081	C0026385
27321745	363	376	organic acids	T109	C0369760
27321745	381	390	J. acutus	T002	C1639894
27321745	399	406	improve	T033	C0184511
27321745	407	410	BPA	T109,T131	C0053800
27321745	413	424	degradation	T169	C0243125
27321745	425	430	rates	T081	C1521828
27321745	449	459	endophytic	T004	C1265415
27321745	460	469	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27321745	470	479	community	T096	C0009462
27321745	483	492	J. acutus	T002	C1639894
27321745	497	505	isolated	T169	C0205409
27321745	510	523	characterized	T052	C1880022
27321745	530	537	strains	T001	C1518614
27321745	552	559	possess	T078	C3154893
27321745	560	579	increased tolerance	T033	C0151956
27321745	583	589	metals	T197	C0025552
27321745	598	600	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27321745	602	604	Ni	T123,T196	C0028013
27321745	606	608	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
27321745	613	615	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27321745	627	634	several	T081	C0443302
27321745	635	645	endophytic	T004	C1265415
27321745	646	655	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27321745	656	663	strains	T001	C1518614
27321745	688	691	BPA	T109,T131	C0053800
27321745	703	714	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27321745	716	729	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
27321745	734	750	sulfamethoxazole	T109,T195	C0038689
27321745	762	768	carbon	T196	C0007009
27321745	769	775	source	T033	C0449416
27321745	781	788	results	T033	C0683954
27321745	821	830	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27321745	831	841	endophytic	T004	C1265415
27321745	842	851	community	T096	C0009462
27321745	855	864	J. acutus	T002	C1639894
27321745	880	887	organic	T109	C0029224
27321745	888	900	contaminants	T167	C2827365
27321745	904	910	carbon	T196	C0007009
27321745	911	918	sources	T033	C0449416
27321745	930	936	metals	T197	C0025552
27321745	958	970	plant-growth	T040	C0597252
27321745	971	980	promoting	T052	C0033414
27321745	981	987	traits	T032	C0599883
27321745	1000	1009	J. acutus	T002	C1639894
27321745	1014	1023	potential	T080	C3245505
27321745	1055	1063	wetlands	T070	C1721088
27321745	1069	1085	co-contamination	T078	C2349974
27321745	1100	1111	restricting	T169	C0443288
27321745	1112	1119	factors	T169	C1521761

27321892|t|Dual-color STED microscopy reveals a sandwich structure of Bassoon and Piccolo in active zones of adult and aged mice
27321892|a|Presynaptic active zones play a pivotal role as synaptic vesicle release sites for synaptic transmission, but the molecular architecture of active zones in mammalian neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) at sub-diffraction limited resolution remains unknown. Bassoon and Piccolo are active zone specific cytosolic proteins essential for active zone assembly in NMJs, ribbon synapses, and brain synapses. These proteins are thought to colocalize and share some functions at active zones. Here, we report an unexpected finding of non-overlapping localization of these two proteins in mouse NMJs revealed using dual-color stimulated emission depletion (STED) super resolution microscopy. Piccolo puncta sandwiched Bassoon puncta and aligned in a Piccolo - Bassoon - Piccolo structure in adult NMJs. P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) puncta colocalized with Bassoon puncta. The P/Q-type VGCC and Bassoon protein levels decreased significantly in NMJs from aged mouse. In contrast, the Piccolo levels in NMJs from aged mice were comparable to levels in adult mice. This study revealed the molecular architecture of active zones in mouse NMJs at sub-diffraction limited resolution, and described the selective degeneration mechanism of active zone proteins in NMJs from aged mice. Interestingly, the localization pattern of active zone proteins described herein is similar to active zone structures described using electron microscope tomography.
27321892	0	26	Dual-color STED microscopy	T059	C0026018
27321892	37	55	sandwich structure	T082	C0678594
27321892	59	66	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1454967
27321892	71	78	Piccolo	T116,T123	C1452991
27321892	82	94	active zones	T026	C3541837
27321892	98	103	adult	T100	C0001675
27321892	108	112	aged	T032	C0001779
27321892	113	117	mice	T015	C0025929
27321892	118	142	Presynaptic active zones	T026	C3541837
27321892	166	182	synaptic vesicle	T026	C0039065
27321892	183	196	release sites	T029	C0005898
27321892	201	222	synaptic transmission	T043	C0027793
27321892	232	254	molecular architecture	T082	C1254362
27321892	258	270	active zones	T026	C3541837
27321892	274	283	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27321892	284	307	neuromuscular junctions	T026	C0027869
27321892	309	313	NMJs	T026	C0027869
27321892	318	352	sub-diffraction limited resolution	T077	C2699488
27321892	370	377	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1454967
27321892	382	389	Piccolo	T116,T123	C1452991
27321892	394	405	active zone	T026	C3541837
27321892	415	424	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
27321892	425	433	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27321892	448	468	active zone assembly	T043	C3896009
27321892	472	476	NMJs	T026	C0027869
27321892	478	493	ribbon synapses	T030	C1179874
27321892	499	504	brain	T023	C0006104
27321892	505	513	synapses	T030	C0039062
27321892	521	529	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27321892	545	555	colocalize	T082	C0392752
27321892	584	596	active zones	T026	C3541837
27321892	639	667	non-overlapping localization	T043	C0597704
27321892	681	689	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27321892	693	698	mouse	T015	C0025929
27321892	699	703	NMJs	T026	C0027869
27321892	719	759	dual-color stimulated emission depletion	T070	C1254365
27321892	761	765	STED	T070	C1254365
27321892	767	794	super resolution microscopy	T059	C0026018
27321892	796	803	Piccolo	T116,T123	C1452991
27321892	804	810	puncta	T033	C0243095
27321892	822	829	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1454967
27321892	830	836	puncta	T033	C0243095
27321892	841	848	aligned	T081	C1706765
27321892	854	861	Piccolo	T116,T123	C1452991
27321892	864	871	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1454967
27321892	874	881	Piccolo	T116,T123	C1452991
27321892	882	891	structure	T082	C0678594
27321892	895	900	adult	T100	C0001675
27321892	901	905	NMJs	T026	C0027869
27321892	907	945	P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel	T116,T123	C0814022
27321892	947	951	VGCC	T116,T123	C0814022
27321892	953	959	puncta	T033	C0243095
27321892	960	971	colocalized	T082	C0392752
27321892	977	984	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1454967
27321892	985	991	puncta	T033	C0243095
27321892	997	1010	P/Q-type VGCC	T116,T123	C0814022
27321892	1015	1022	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1454967
27321892	1023	1037	protein levels	T034	C0428479
27321892	1038	1047	decreased	T081	C0205216
27321892	1065	1069	NMJs	T026	C0027869
27321892	1075	1079	aged	T032	C0001779
27321892	1080	1085	mouse	T015	C0025929
27321892	1104	1111	Piccolo	T116,T123	C1452991
27321892	1112	1118	levels	T034	C0428479
27321892	1122	1126	NMJs	T026	C0027869
27321892	1132	1136	aged	T032	C0001779
27321892	1137	1141	mice	T015	C0025929
27321892	1161	1167	levels	T034	C0428479
27321892	1171	1176	adult	T100	C0001675
27321892	1177	1181	mice	T015	C0025929
27321892	1207	1229	molecular architecture	T082	C1254362
27321892	1233	1245	active zones	T026	C3541837
27321892	1249	1254	mouse	T015	C0025929
27321892	1255	1259	NMJs	T026	C0027869
27321892	1263	1297	sub-diffraction limited resolution	T077	C2699488
27321892	1317	1349	selective degeneration mechanism	T043	C0007613
27321892	1353	1364	active zone	T026	C3541837
27321892	1365	1373	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27321892	1377	1381	NMJs	T026	C0027869
27321892	1387	1391	aged	T032	C0001779
27321892	1392	1396	mice	T015	C0025929
27321892	1417	1437	localization pattern	T043	C0597704
27321892	1441	1452	active zone	T026	C3541837
27321892	1453	1461	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27321892	1493	1504	active zone	T026	C3541837
27321892	1505	1515	structures	T082	C0678594
27321892	1532	1562	electron microscope tomography	T059	C2350255

27322135|t|Structure of Carbon Nanotube Porins in Lipid Bilayers: An in Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) Study
27322135|a|Carbon nanotube porins (CNTPs), small segments of carbon nanotubes capable of forming defined pores in lipid membranes, are important future components for bionanoelectronic devices as they could provide a robust analog of biological membrane channels. In order to control the incorporation of these CNT channels into lipid bilayers, it is important to understand the structure of the CNTPs before and after insertion into the lipid bilayer as well as the impact of such insertion on the bilayer structure. Here we employed a noninvasive in situ probe, small-angle X-ray scattering, to study the integration of CNT porins into dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. Our results show that CNTPs in solution are stabilized by a monolayer of lipid molecules wrapped around their outer surface. We also demonstrate that insertion of CNTPs into the lipid bilayer results in decreased bilayer thickness with the magnitude of this effect increasing with the concentration of CNTPs.
27322135	0	9	Structure	T082	C0678594
27322135	13	28	Carbon Nanotube	T104	C1138408
27322135	29	35	Porins	T116,T129	C0071728
27322135	39	53	Lipid Bilayers	T026	C0023768
27322135	58	65	in Situ	T082	C0444498
27322135	66	94	Small-Angle X-ray Scattering	T059	C1537058
27322135	96	100	SAXS	T059	C1537058
27322135	102	107	Study	T062	C2603343
27322135	108	123	Carbon nanotube	T104	C1138408
27322135	124	130	porins	T116,T129	C0071728
27322135	132	138	CNTPs)	T116,T129	C0071728
27322135	158	174	carbon nanotubes	T104	C1138408
27322135	202	207	pores	T026	C0028587
27322135	211	226	lipid membranes	T026	C0023768
27322135	249	259	components	T073	C0449432
27322135	264	289	bionanoelectronic devices	T074	C0025080
27322135	314	320	robust	T080	C2986815
27322135	321	327	analog	T104	C0243071
27322135	331	350	biological membrane	T026	C0682529
27322135	351	359	channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27322135	373	380	control	T169	C2587213
27322135	385	398	incorporation	T169	C0243126
27322135	408	411	CNT	T104	C1138408
27322135	412	420	channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27322135	426	440	lipid bilayers	T026	C0023768
27322135	476	485	structure	T082	C0678594
27322135	493	498	CNTPs	T116,T129	C0071728
27322135	516	525	insertion	T169	C1883719
27322135	535	548	lipid bilayer	T026	C0023768
27322135	564	570	impact	T080	C4049986
27322135	579	588	insertion	T169	C1883719
27322135	596	603	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27322135	604	613	structure	T082	C0678594
27322135	634	645	noninvasive	T185	C2986496
27322135	646	653	in situ	T082	C0444498
27322135	654	659	probe	T074	C0182400
27322135	661	689	small-angle X-ray scattering	T059	C1537058
27322135	694	699	study	T062	C2603343
27322135	704	715	integration	T169	C0243126
27322135	719	722	CNT	T104	C1138408
27322135	723	729	porins	T116,T129	C0071728
27322135	735	771	dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers	T109	C0058325
27322135	777	784	results	T033	C0683954
27322135	795	800	CNTPs	T116,T129	C0071728
27322135	804	812	solution	T167	C0037633
27322135	817	827	stabilized	T033	C0184512
27322135	833	842	monolayer	T026	C2612536
27322135	846	861	lipid molecules	T109,T123	C1180309
27322135	889	896	surface	T082	C0205148
27322135	923	932	insertion	T169	C1883719
27322135	936	941	CNTPs	T116,T129	C0071728
27322135	951	964	lipid bilayer	T026	C0023768
27322135	965	972	results	T169	C1274040
27322135	976	985	decreased	T081	C0205216
27322135	986	993	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27322135	994	1003	thickness	T080	C1280412
27322135	1013	1022	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27322135	1031	1037	effect	T080	C1280500
27322135	1038	1048	increasing	T169	C0442808
27322135	1058	1071	concentration	T081	C1446561
27322135	1075	1080	CNTPs	T116,T129	C0071728

27322653|t|Comparisons of Safety and Clinical Outcomes Between Multiple-level and Single-level Cervical Disk Replacement for Cervical Spondylosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
27322653|a|This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of multiple-level cervical disk replacement (CDR) over single-level CDR for the treatment of cervical spondylosis. Some authors advocate for the multiple-level CDR instead of anterior decompression and fusion in cervical multiple-level spondylosis. However, whether the efficacy and safety of multi-level CDR are as favorable as that of single-level CDR remains controversial. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases were searched up to November 2015 for controlled studies that compared the clinical outcomes of single-level and multiple-level CDR for the treatment of cervical spondylosis. The following outcomes were extracted and analyzed: prevalence of heterotopic ossification and reoperation, preoperative and postoperative Neck Disability Index scores, preoperative and postoperative Visual Analog Scale scores, and success rate using the Odom grading system. Ten studies involving 1402 patients were included: including 3 randomized controlled trials, 5 prospective studies, and 3 retrospective studies. No significant differences between single-level and multiple-level groups were found in terms of the prevalence of heterotopic ossification and reoperation rate, Neck Disability Index score, Visual Analog Scale score, and success rate using the Odom grading system. On the basis of this meta-analysis, clinical outcomes of multiple-level CDR are similar to those of single-level CDR for cervical spondylosis, which suggests the multiple-level CDR is as effective and safe as the single-level CDR. Nonetheless, more well-designed studies are needed for further evaluation.
27322653	0	11	Comparisons	T052	C1707455
27322653	15	21	Safety	T068	C0036043
27322653	26	34	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27322653	35	43	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27322653	52	66	Multiple-level	T061	C0035139
27322653	71	109	Single-level Cervical Disk Replacement	T061	C0035139
27322653	114	134	Cervical Spondylosis	T047	C1384641
27322653	138	155	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
27322653	160	173	Meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
27322653	184	201	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27322653	206	219	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
27322653	237	242	study	T062	C2603343
27322653	250	258	evaluate	T169	C1292732
27322653	263	271	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27322653	276	282	safety	T068	C0036043
27322653	286	326	multiple-level cervical disk replacement	T061	C0035139
27322653	328	331	CDR	T061	C0035139
27322653	338	354	single-level CDR	T061	C0035139
27322653	363	372	treatment	T061	C0087111
27322653	376	396	cervical spondylosis	T047	C1384641
27322653	428	446	multiple-level CDR	T061	C0035139
27322653	458	466	anterior	T082	C0205094
27322653	467	480	decompression	T061	C1829459
27322653	485	491	fusion	T061	C1293131
27322653	495	530	cervical multiple-level spondylosis	T047	C1384641
27322653	553	561	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27322653	566	572	safety	T068	C0036043
27322653	576	591	multi-level CDR	T061	C0035139
27322653	620	636	single-level CDR	T061	C0035139
27322653	660	667	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
27322653	669	675	EMBASE	T170	C0242356
27322653	681	707	Cochrane library databases	T170	C0242356
27322653	746	764	controlled studies	T062	C0681867
27322653	770	778	compared	T052	C1707455
27322653	783	791	clinical	T080	C0205210
27322653	792	800	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27322653	804	816	single-level	T061	C0035139
27322653	821	839	multiple-level CDR	T061	C0035139
27322653	848	857	treatment	T061	C0087111
27322653	861	881	cervical spondylosis	T047	C1384641
27322653	897	905	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27322653	925	933	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27322653	935	945	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27322653	949	973	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
27322653	978	989	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27322653	991	1003	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27322653	1008	1021	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27322653	1022	1050	Neck Disability Index scores	T033	C2959538
27322653	1052	1064	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27322653	1069	1082	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27322653	1083	1109	Visual Analog Scale scores	T201	C2960751
27322653	1115	1122	success	T080	C0679864
27322653	1123	1127	rate	T081	C1521828
27322653	1138	1157	Odom grading system	T185	C0008902
27322653	1163	1170	studies	T062	C2603343
27322653	1186	1194	patients	T101	C0030705
27322653	1222	1250	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27322653	1254	1273	prospective studies	T062	C0033522
27322653	1281	1302	retrospective studies	T062	C0035363
27322653	1339	1351	single-level	T061	C0035139
27322653	1356	1370	multiple-level	T061	C0035139
27322653	1405	1415	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27322653	1419	1443	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
27322653	1448	1459	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27322653	1460	1464	rate	T081	C1521828
27322653	1466	1493	Neck Disability Index score	T033	C2959538
27322653	1495	1520	Visual Analog Scale score	T201	C2960751
27322653	1526	1533	success	T080	C0679864
27322653	1534	1538	rate	T081	C1521828
27322653	1549	1568	Odom grading system	T185	C0008902
27322653	1591	1604	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
27322653	1606	1614	clinical	T080	C0205210
27322653	1615	1623	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27322653	1627	1645	multiple-level CDR	T061	C0035139
27322653	1670	1686	single-level CDR	T061	C0035139
27322653	1691	1711	cervical spondylosis	T047	C1384641
27322653	1732	1750	multiple-level CDR	T061	C0035139
27322653	1757	1766	effective	T080	C1704419
27322653	1771	1775	safe	T068	C0036043
27322653	1783	1799	single-level CDR	T061	C0035139
27322653	1833	1840	studies	T062	C2603343
27322653	1864	1874	evaluation	T062	C0015195

27322774|t|The anti-apoptotic PON2 protein is Wnt / β-catenin - regulated and correlates with radiotherapy resistance in OSCC patients
27322774|a|Aberrant Wnt signaling and control of anti-apoptotic mechanisms are pivotal features in different types of cancer to undergo cell death programs. The intracellular human enzyme Paraoxonase-2 (PON2) is known to have anti-apoptotic properties in leukemia and oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) cells. However, the distinct regulating pathways are poorly understood. First, we present a so far unknown regulation of PON2 protein expression through the Wnt / GSK3β / β-catenin pathway in leukemia and OSCC cells. This was confirmed via in silico analysis, promoter reporter studies and treatment of multiple cell lines (K562, SCC-4, PCI-13) with different Wnt ligands / inhibitors in vitro. Ex vivo analysis of OSCC patients revealed a correlation between PON2 and β-catenin expression in tumor tissue. Higher PON2 expression in OSCC is associated with relapse independently of treatment (e.g. surgery / radio -/ chemotherapy). These results emphasize the clinical impact of the newly described regulation of PON2 through Wnt / GSK3β / β-catenin. More importantly, the study revealed the fundamental finding of an overall Wnt / GSK3β / β-catenin dependent regulation of PON2 in different cancers, which was confirmed by systematic and multimethodological approaches. Thus, the herein presented mechanistic insight contributes to a better understanding of tumor specific escape from cell death strategies and suggests PON2 as a new potential biomarker for therapy resistance or as a prognostic tumor marker.
27322774	4	18	anti-apoptotic	T043	C1512772
27322774	19	31	PON2 protein	T116,T126	C0755726
27322774	35	38	Wnt	T116,T123	C0753137
27322774	41	50	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
27322774	53	62	regulated	T038	C1327622
27322774	67	77	correlates	T080	C1707520
27322774	83	95	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27322774	96	106	resistance	T169	C4281815
27322774	110	114	OSCC	UnknownType	C0747035
27322774	115	123	patients	T101	C0030705
27322774	133	146	Wnt signaling	T044	C1520113
27322774	162	176	anti-apoptotic	T043	C1512772
27322774	177	187	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27322774	231	237	cancer	T191	C0006826
27322774	249	259	cell death	T043	C0007587
27322774	274	287	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27322774	288	293	human	T016	C0086418
27322774	294	300	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27322774	301	314	Paraoxonase-2	T116,T126	C1122373
27322774	316	320	PON2	T116,T126	C1122373
27322774	339	353	anti-apoptotic	T043	C1512772
27322774	368	376	leukemia	T191	C0023418
27322774	381	406	oral squamous cell cancer	UnknownType	C0747035
27322774	408	412	OSCC	UnknownType	C0747035
27322774	414	419	cells	T025	C0007634
27322774	443	453	regulating	T038	C1327622
27322774	454	462	pathways	T077	C1705987
27322774	521	531	regulation	T038	C1327622
27322774	535	547	PON2 protein	T116,T126	C0755726
27322774	548	558	expression	T045	C1171362
27322774	571	574	Wnt	T044	C1520113
27322774	577	582	GSK3β	T116,T126	C0244988
27322774	585	594	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
27322774	595	602	pathway	T044	C1704259
27322774	606	614	leukemia	T191	C0023418
27322774	619	623	OSCC	UnknownType	C0747035
27322774	624	629	cells	T025	C0007634
27322774	657	672	silico analysis	T062	C0936012
27322774	674	699	promoter reporter studies	T062	C0242481
27322774	704	713	treatment	T061	C0087111
27322774	726	736	cell lines	T025	C0007600
27322774	738	742	K562	T025	C1517631
27322774	744	749	SCC-4	T025	C0007634
27322774	751	757	PCI-13	T025	C0007634
27322774	774	777	Wnt	T116,T123	C0753137
27322774	778	785	ligands	T044	C1749457
27322774	788	798	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27322774	799	807	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27322774	809	816	Ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27322774	817	825	analysis	T062	C0936012
27322774	829	833	OSCC	UnknownType	C0747035
27322774	834	842	patients	T101	C0030705
27322774	854	865	correlation	T080	C1707520
27322774	874	878	PON2	T116,T126	C1122373
27322774	883	892	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
27322774	893	903	expression	T045	C1171362
27322774	907	919	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27322774	928	932	PON2	T116,T126	C0755726
27322774	933	943	expression	T045	C1171362
27322774	947	951	OSCC	UnknownType	C0747035
27322774	955	970	associated with	T080	C0332281
27322774	971	978	relapse	T067	C0035020
27322774	996	1005	treatment	T061	C0087111
27322774	1012	1019	surgery	T061	C0543467
27322774	1022	1027	radio	T061	C1522449
27322774	1031	1043	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27322774	1074	1082	clinical	T080	C0205210
27322774	1113	1123	regulation	T038	C1327622
27322774	1127	1131	PON2	T116,T126	C1122373
27322774	1140	1143	Wnt	T116,T123	C0753137
27322774	1146	1151	GSK3β	T116,T126	C0244988
27322774	1154	1163	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
27322774	1206	1225	fundamental finding	T033	C0243095
27322774	1240	1243	Wnt	T116,T123	C0753137
27322774	1246	1251	GSK3β	T116,T126	C0244988
27322774	1254	1263	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
27322774	1274	1284	regulation	T038	C1327622
27322774	1288	1292	PON2	T116,T126	C1122373
27322774	1306	1313	cancers	T191	C0006826
27322774	1338	1348	systematic	T169	C0220922
27322774	1353	1372	multimethodological	T170	C0969625
27322774	1473	1478	tumor	T191	C0027651
27322774	1500	1510	cell death	T043	C0007587
27322774	1535	1539	PON2	T116,T126	C1122373
27322774	1549	1558	potential	T080	C3245505
27322774	1559	1568	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27322774	1573	1580	therapy	T061	C0087111
27322774	1581	1591	resistance	T169	C4281815
27322774	1600	1610	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27322774	1611	1623	tumor marker	T123	C0041365

27323673|t|Has dementia research lost its sense of reality? A descriptive analysis of eligibility criteria of Dutch dementia research protocols
27323673|a|A substantial proportion of dementia patients are excluded from research participation, while for extrapolation of the study findings, it is important that the research population represents the patient population. The aim of this study is to provide an analysis of dementia research and its exclusion criteria in order to get a clearer picture whether the research participants represent the general dementia population. Dementia studies registered at ToetsingOnline.nl between 2006-2015 were analysed. Study characteristics, funding and eligibility criteria were described and analysed using a standardised score sheet. The search yielded 103 usable study protocols. The number of trials has increased over the years, and 35% of the studies were industry - financed. Alzheimer's disease was the most researched type of dementia (84%). In observational studies the most frequently observed exclusion criterion is a neurological condition, while in drug studies and other intervention studies this is a somatic condition. Of all protocols, 86% had at least one exclusion criterion concerning comorbidity. Most studies focused on mild or moderate dementia (78%). Our study has shown that the distribution of dementia research over the different subtypes of dementia does not correspond with the prevalence of these subtypes in clinical practice. The research population in the protocols is not representative of the larger patient population. A greater number of dementia patients could derive benefit from the conducted research if the research agenda were more closely aligned with disease prevalence. A better representation of all dementia patients in research will help to meet the needs of these patients.
27323673	4	12	dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	13	21	research	T062	C0035168
27323673	31	47	sense of reality	T078	C0871222
27323673	75	95	eligibility criteria	T080	C1516637
27323673	99	104	Dutch	T098	C0013331
27323673	105	113	dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	114	132	research protocols	T062	C0205717
27323673	161	169	dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	170	178	patients	T101	C0030705
27323673	197	205	research	T062	C0035168
27323673	206	219	participation	T169	C0679823
27323673	231	244	extrapolation	T033	C4289771
27323673	252	257	study	T062	C0008972
27323673	293	301	research	T062	C0035168
27323673	302	312	population	T081	C0032659
27323673	328	346	patient population	T081	C2361270
27323673	364	369	study	T062	C0008972
27323673	399	407	dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	408	416	research	T062	C0035168
27323673	425	443	exclusion criteria	T169	C0680251
27323673	490	498	research	T062	C0035168
27323673	499	511	participants	T098	C0679646
27323673	534	542	dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	543	553	population	T081	C0032659
27323673	555	563	Dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	564	571	studies	T062	C0008972
27323673	586	603	ToetsingOnline.nl	T170	C0282574
27323673	627	635	analysed	T062	C0936012
27323673	637	642	Study	T062	C0008972
27323673	643	658	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27323673	660	667	funding	T081	C0243098
27323673	672	692	eligibility criteria	T080	C1516637
27323673	729	753	standardised score sheet	T081	C0449820
27323673	785	800	study protocols	T170	C2348563
27323673	816	822	trials	T062	C0008976
27323673	868	875	studies	T062	C0008972
27323673	881	889	industry	T057	C0021267
27323673	892	900	financed	T057	C0149692
27323673	902	921	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27323673	935	945	researched	T062	C0035168
27323673	954	962	dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	1024	1043	exclusion criterion	T169	C0680251
27323673	1049	1071	neurological condition	T033	C0260949
27323673	1082	1094	drug studies	T062	C0013175
27323673	1105	1125	intervention studies	T061	C0184661
27323673	1136	1153	somatic condition	T080	C2986476
27323673	1162	1171	protocols	T170	C2348563
27323673	1194	1213	exclusion criterion	T169	C0680251
27323673	1225	1236	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27323673	1243	1250	studies	T062	C0008972
27323673	1262	1266	mild	T048	C3494623
27323673	1270	1287	moderate dementia	T048	C3494871
27323673	1299	1304	study	T062	C0008972
27323673	1324	1336	distribution	T082	C0037775
27323673	1340	1348	dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	1349	1357	research	T062	C0035168
27323673	1377	1385	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27323673	1389	1397	dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	1427	1437	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27323673	1447	1455	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27323673	1459	1476	clinical practice	T062	C0008967
27323673	1482	1490	research	T062	C0035168
27323673	1491	1501	population	T081	C0032659
27323673	1509	1518	protocols	T170	C2348563
27323673	1555	1573	patient population	T081	C2361270
27323673	1595	1603	dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	1604	1612	patients	T101	C0030705
27323673	1653	1661	research	T062	C0035168
27323673	1669	1684	research agenda	T062	C0681798
27323673	1716	1734	disease prevalence	T081	C0683919
27323673	1767	1775	dementia	T048	C0497327
27323673	1776	1784	patients	T101	C0030705
27323673	1788	1796	research	T062	C0035168
27323673	1834	1842	patients	T101	C0030705

27324249|t|Tissue -selective inflammation in the oral cavity of the rat
27324249|a|In the current study, carrageenan (CG; 100-1000 μg/site) was injected intraorally in the cheeks of Holtzman or Wistar rats to evaluate the consequences of administration of a non-immunogenic stimulus in the orofacial region. Subsequent inflammation was measured as oedema (increased thickness of the cheek wall using digital calipers), relative to the other cheek injected with saline. Oedema formation and tissue collection for histopathological studies were assessed at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 h after injection. In parallel, other groups of rats were injected with CG in the hind paw, to provide a reference response. The inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, indomethacin, and antagonists of histamine, serotonin and NK1 receptors were injected s.c., 0.5 h before CG. CG induced a dose -related oedema more rapidly from 0 to 2 h which lasted for at least 72 h, showing a biphasic profile (peak at 2 and 24 h), compared with the monophasic oedema induced in rat paws (maximal duration of 24 h). Histopathological analysis of the CG - injected cheek revealed oedema formation with little leukocyte recruitment at 1-3 h, mast cell degranulation at 6 h, and a mixed polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cell infiltrate by 24 h. Histamine and serotonin antagonists and indomethacin, but not the NK1 antagonist, decreased cheek oedema in the first 4 h following carrageenan. Taken together, our data indicated important differences in the pattern of inflammation between the oral cavity and the paw which will determine the therapeutic approach to the treatment of inflammatory conditions in the oral cavity.
27324249	0	6	Tissue	T024	C0040300
27324249	18	30	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27324249	38	49	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
27324249	57	60	rat	T015	C0034721
27324249	83	94	carrageenan	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27324249	96	98	CG	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27324249	122	130	injected	T169	C0449894
27324249	131	142	intraorally	T169	C1527415
27324249	150	156	cheeks	T029	C0007966
27324249	160	168	Holtzman	T015	C0242589
27324249	172	183	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27324249	216	230	administration	T061	C0001563
27324249	236	251	non-immunogenic	T033	C0243095
27324249	252	260	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27324249	268	284	orofacial region	T185	C2827582
27324249	297	309	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27324249	326	332	oedema	T184	C0013604
27324249	334	353	increased thickness	T033	C0277948
27324249	361	371	cheek wall	T029	C0007966
27324249	378	394	digital calipers	T074	C0175720
27324249	419	424	cheek	T029	C0007966
27324249	425	433	injected	T169	C0449894
27324249	439	445	saline	T167	C0036082
27324249	447	453	Oedema	T184	C0013604
27324249	454	463	formation	T169	C1522492
27324249	468	474	tissue	T024	C0040300
27324249	490	515	histopathological studies	T091	C0677043
27324249	589	598	injection	T061	C0021485
27324249	629	633	rats	T015	C0034721
27324249	639	647	injected	T169	C0449894
27324249	653	655	CG	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27324249	663	671	hind paw	T023	C3853547
27324249	710	719	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27324249	723	749	prostaglandin biosynthesis	T044	C1157324
27324249	751	763	indomethacin	T109,T121	C0021246
27324249	769	793	antagonists of histamine	T121	C0162816
27324249	795	804	serotonin	T121	C0162757
27324249	809	822	NK1 receptors	T044	C3543440
27324249	828	836	injected	T169	C0449894
27324249	856	858	CG	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27324249	860	862	CG	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27324249	873	877	dose	T081	C0178602
27324249	887	893	oedema	T184	C0013604
27324249	963	971	biphasic	T079	C0205184
27324249	972	979	profile	T169	C2003903
27324249	1020	1030	monophasic	T079	C0205186
27324249	1031	1037	oedema	T184	C0013604
27324249	1049	1052	rat	T015	C0034721
27324249	1053	1057	paws	T023	C0687080
27324249	1086	1103	Histopathological	T091	C0677043
27324249	1104	1112	analysis	T062	C0936012
27324249	1120	1122	CG	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27324249	1125	1133	injected	T169	C0449894
27324249	1134	1139	cheek	T029	C0007966
27324249	1149	1155	oedema	T184	C0013604
27324249	1156	1165	formation	T169	C1522492
27324249	1178	1187	leukocyte	T025	C0023516
27324249	1188	1199	recruitment	T039	C1254359
27324249	1210	1233	mast cell degranulation	T043	C1622891
27324249	1254	1271	polymorphonuclear	T033	C1334962
27324249	1276	1303	mononuclear cell infiltrate	T033	C3550052
27324249	1313	1322	Histamine	T121	C0162816
27324249	1327	1348	serotonin antagonists	T121	C0162757
27324249	1353	1365	indomethacin	T109,T121	C0021246
27324249	1379	1393	NK1 antagonist	T044	C3543440
27324249	1405	1410	cheek	T029	C0007966
27324249	1411	1417	oedema	T184	C0013604
27324249	1445	1456	carrageenan	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27324249	1533	1545	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27324249	1558	1569	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
27324249	1578	1581	paw	T023	C0687080
27324249	1607	1627	therapeutic approach	T169	C0039798
27324249	1635	1644	treatment	T061	C0087111
27324249	1648	1671	inflammatory conditions	UnknownType	C0544805
27324249	1679	1690	oral cavity	T030	C0226896

27325072|t|Mercury Mining in Mexico: I. Community Engagement to Improve Health Outcomes from Artisanal Mining
27325072|a|Mercury is an element that cannot be destroyed and is a global threat to human and environmental health. In Latin America and the Caribbean, artisanal and small-scale gold mining represents the main source of mercury emissions, releases, and consumption. However, another source of concern is the primary production of mercury. In the case of Mexico, in the past 2 years the informal production of mercury mining has increased 10-fold. Considering this scenario, an intervention program was initiated to reduce health risks in the mining communities. The program's final goal is to introduce different alternatives in line to stop the mining of mercury, but introducing at the same time, a community -based development program. The aim of this study was to present results from a preliminary study in the community of Plazuela, located in the municipality of Peñamiller in the State of Queretaro, Mexico. Total mercury was measured in urine and environmental samples using atomic absorption spectrometry by cold vapor technique. Urine samples were collected from children aged 6-14 years and who had lived in the selected area from birth. Urine samples were also collected from miners who were currently working in the mine. To confirm the presence of mercury in the community, mining waste, water, soil, and sediment samples were collected from those high-risk areas identified by members of the community. Children, women, and miners were heavily exposed to mercury (urine samples); and in agreement, we registered high concentrations of mercury in soils and sediments. Considering these results and taking into account that the risk perception toward mercury toxicity is very low in the community (mining is the only economic activity), an integral intervention program has started.
27325072	0	7	Mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	8	14	Mining	T057	C0026175
27325072	18	24	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27325072	29	49	Community Engagement	T057	C0282110
27325072	53	60	Improve	T033	C0184511
27325072	61	76	Health Outcomes	T033	C0243095
27325072	82	91	Artisanal	T080	C0205556
27325072	92	98	Mining	T057	C0026175
27325072	99	106	Mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	113	120	element	T196	C0013879
27325072	136	145	destroyed	T052	C1948029
27325072	155	161	global	T080	C2348867
27325072	172	177	human	T016	C0086418
27325072	182	195	environmental	T082	C0014406
27325072	196	202	health	T078	C0018684
27325072	207	220	Latin America	T083	C0023122
27325072	229	238	Caribbean	T083	C0454721
27325072	240	249	artisanal	T080	C0205556
27325072	266	270	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27325072	271	277	mining	T057	C0026175
27325072	293	297	main	T080	C1542147
27325072	298	304	source	T033	C0449416
27325072	308	315	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	316	325	emissions	T131	C0178629
27325072	327	335	releases	T068,T070	C2350599
27325072	341	352	consumption	T052	C0441655
27325072	371	377	source	T033	C0449416
27325072	381	388	concern	T078	C2699424
27325072	396	403	primary	T080	C0205225
27325072	404	414	production	T131	C0444622
27325072	418	425	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	442	448	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27325072	483	493	production	T131	C0444622
27325072	497	504	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	505	511	mining	T057	C0026175
27325072	516	525	increased	T081	C0205217
27325072	552	560	scenario	T169	C0683579
27325072	565	585	intervention program	T061	C0599917
27325072	603	609	reduce	T080	C0392756
27325072	610	616	health	T078	C0018684
27325072	617	622	risks	T078	C0035647
27325072	630	636	mining	T057	C0026175
27325072	637	648	communities	T096	C0009462
27325072	654	663	program's	T061	C0599917
27325072	670	674	goal	T170	C0018017
27325072	681	690	introduce	T169	C1292748
27325072	701	713	alternatives	T077	C1523987
27325072	725	729	stop	T052	C1947925
27325072	734	740	mining	T057	C0026175
27325072	744	751	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	789	798	community	T096	C0009462
27325072	806	817	development	T169	C1527148
27325072	818	825	program	T077	C1709697
27325072	831	834	aim	T078	C1947946
27325072	843	848	study	T062	C2603343
27325072	864	871	results	T033	C0683954
27325072	879	890	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27325072	891	896	study	T062	C2603343
27325072	904	913	community	T096	C0009462
27325072	917	925	Plazuela	T083	C0017446
27325072	927	934	located	T082	C0332285
27325072	942	954	municipality	T083	C0600182
27325072	958	968	Peñamiller	T083	C0017446
27325072	976	994	State of Queretaro	T083	C3828424
27325072	996	1002	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27325072	1004	1009	Total	T080	C0439810
27325072	1010	1017	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	1022	1030	measured	T080	C0444706
27325072	1034	1039	urine	T031	C1610733
27325072	1044	1057	environmental	T082	C0014406
27325072	1058	1065	samples	T167	C0370003
27325072	1072	1126	atomic absorption spectrometry by cold vapor technique	T059	C0201739
27325072	1128	1141	Urine samples	T031	C1610733
27325072	1147	1156	collected	T169	C1516698
27325072	1162	1170	children	T100	C0008059
27325072	1181	1186	years	T079	C0439234
27325072	1221	1225	area	T083	C0017446
27325072	1231	1236	birth	T040	C0005615
27325072	1238	1251	Urine samples	T031	C1610733
27325072	1262	1271	collected	T169	C1516698
27325072	1277	1283	miners	T097	C0240346
27325072	1293	1310	currently working	T170	C4055174
27325072	1318	1322	mine	T057	C0026175
27325072	1327	1334	confirm	T033	C0750484
27325072	1339	1347	presence	T033	C0150312
27325072	1351	1358	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	1366	1375	community	T096	C0009462
27325072	1377	1389	mining waste	T167	C0440271
27325072	1391	1396	water	T197	C1550678
27325072	1398	1402	soil	T167	C3687777
27325072	1408	1424	sediment samples	T167	C0370003
27325072	1430	1439	collected	T169	C1516698
27325072	1451	1466	high-risk areas	T033	C0557722
27325072	1467	1477	identified	T080	C0205396
27325072	1481	1488	members	T098	C0680022
27325072	1496	1505	community	T096	C0009462
27325072	1507	1515	Children	T100	C0008059
27325072	1517	1522	women	T098	C0043210
27325072	1528	1534	miners	T097	C0240346
27325072	1540	1547	heavily	T080	C0439539
27325072	1548	1558	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27325072	1559	1566	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	1568	1581	urine samples	T031	C1610733
27325072	1591	1600	agreement	T054	C0680240
27325072	1605	1615	registered	T058	C1514821
27325072	1616	1620	high	T080	C0205250
27325072	1621	1635	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27325072	1639	1646	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	1650	1655	soils	T167	C0037592
27325072	1660	1669	sediments	T167	C1550099
27325072	1689	1696	results	T033	C0683954
27325072	1730	1734	risk	T078	C0035647
27325072	1753	1760	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27325072	1761	1769	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27325072	1773	1781	very low	T033	C0442811
27325072	1789	1798	community	T096	C0009462
27325072	1800	1806	mining	T057	C0026175
27325072	1819	1827	economic	T169	C0013557
27325072	1828	1836	activity	T052	C0441655
27325072	1842	1871	integral intervention program	T061	C0599917
27325072	1876	1883	started	T080	C1272689

27325393|t|Molecular serum signature of treatment resistant depression
27325393|a|A substantial number of patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) do not respond to multiple trials of anti-depressants, develop a chronic course of disease and become treatment resistant. Most of the studies investigating molecular changes in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have only examined a limited number of molecules and genes. Consequently, biomarkers associated with TRD are still lacking. This study aimed to use recently advanced high-throughput proteomic platforms to identify peripheral biomarkers of TRD defined by two staging models, the Thase and Rush staging model (TRM) and the Maudsley Staging Model (MSM). Serum collected from an inpatient cohort of 65 individuals suffering from MDD was analysed using two different mass spectrometric-based platforms, label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS(E)) and selective reaction monitoring (SRM), as well as a multiplex bead based assay. In the LC-MS(E) analysis, proteins involved in the acute phase response and complement activation and coagulation were significantly different between the staging groups in both models. In the multiplex bead-based assay analysis TNF-α levels (log(odds) = -4.95, p = 0.045) were significantly different in the TRM comparison. Using SRM, significant changes of three apolipoproteins A-I (β = 0.029, p = 0.035), M (β = -0.017, p = 0.009) and F (β = -0.031, p = 0.024) were associated with the TRM but not the MSM. Overall, our findings suggest that proteins, which are involved in immune and complement activation, may represent potential biomarkers that could be used by clinicians to identify high-risk patients. Nevertheless, given that the molecular changes between the staging groups were subtle, the results need to be interpreted cautiously.
27325393	0	9	Molecular	T080	C1521991
27325393	10	15	serum	T031	C0229671
27325393	16	25	signature	T201	C0005516
27325393	29	59	treatment resistant depression	T048	C2063866
27325393	108	133	major depressive disorder	T048	C1269683
27325393	135	138	MDD	T048	C1269683
27325393	158	166	multiple	T081	C0439064
27325393	167	173	trials	T062	C0008976
27325393	177	193	anti-depressants	T121	C0003289
27325393	205	212	chronic	T079	C0205191
27325393	213	230	course of disease	T046	C0242656
27325393	242	251	treatment	T061	C0087111
27325393	252	261	resistant	T039	C1514892
27325393	297	306	molecular	T080	C1521991
27325393	307	314	changes	T169	C0392747
27325393	318	348	treatment-resistant depression	T048	C2063866
27325393	350	353	TRD	T048	C2063866
27325393	408	413	genes	T028	C0017337
27325393	429	439	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27325393	456	459	TRD	T048	C2063866
27325393	521	556	high-throughput proteomic platforms	T091	C0872252
27325393	569	579	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27325393	580	590	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27325393	594	597	TRD	T048	C2063866
27325393	613	627	staging models	T170	C0449394
27325393	633	661	Thase and Rush staging model	T170	C0449394
27325393	663	666	TRM	T170	C0449394
27325393	676	698	Maudsley Staging Model	T170	C0449394
27325393	700	703	MSM	T170	C0449394
27325393	706	711	Serum	T031	C0229671
27325393	730	739	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27325393	753	764	individuals	T098	C0027361
27325393	780	783	MDD	T048	C1269683
27325393	817	851	mass spectrometric-based platforms	T059	C0037813
27325393	853	903	label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry	T059	C0872318
27325393	905	913	LC-MS(E)	T059	C0872318
27325393	919	948	selective reaction monitoring	T169	C2826902
27325393	950	953	SRM	T169	C2826902
27325393	969	995	multiplex bead based assay	T059	C0020980
27325393	1004	1021	LC-MS(E) analysis	T059	C0872318
27325393	1023	1031	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27325393	1048	1068	acute phase response	T046	C0001349
27325393	1073	1094	complement activation	T044	C0009528
27325393	1099	1110	coagulation	T039	C1328723
27325393	1152	1166	staging groups	T170	C0449394
27325393	1175	1181	models	T170	C0449394
27325393	1190	1216	multiplex bead-based assay	T059	C0020980
27325393	1226	1238	TNF-α levels	T059	C1168005
27325393	1240	1249	log(odds)	T081	C0023956
27325393	1275	1288	significantly	T081	C0237881
27325393	1289	1298	different	T080	C1705242
27325393	1306	1309	TRM	T170	C0449394
27325393	1310	1320	comparison	T052	C1707455
27325393	1328	1331	SRM	T169	C2826902
27325393	1333	1344	significant	T081	C0237881
27325393	1345	1352	changes	T169	C0392747
27325393	1362	1381	apolipoproteins A-I	T116,T123	C0085201
27325393	1406	1407	M	T116,T123	C1438565
27325393	1436	1437	F	T116,T121,T123	C0052208
27325393	1487	1490	TRM	T170	C0449394
27325393	1503	1506	MSM	T170	C0449394
27325393	1521	1529	findings	T033	C0243095
27325393	1543	1551	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27325393	1575	1581	immune	T043	C1155000
27325393	1586	1607	complement activation	T044	C0009528
27325393	1633	1643	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27325393	1666	1676	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27325393	1689	1698	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27325393	1699	1707	patients	T101	C0030705
27325393	1738	1747	molecular	T080	C1521991
27325393	1748	1755	changes	T169	C0392747
27325393	1768	1782	staging groups	T170	C0449394
27325393	1819	1830	interpreted	T169	C1285553

27325547|t|Benchmark study on fine-mode aerosol in a big urban area and relevant doses deposited in the human respiratory tract
27325547|a|It is well-known that the health effects of PM increase as particle size decreases: particularly, great concern has risen on the role of UltraFine Particles (UFPs). Starting from the knowledge that the main fraction of atmospheric aerosol in Rome is characterized by significant levels of PM2.5 (almost 75% of PM10 fraction is PM2.5), the paper is focused on submicron particles in such great urban area. The daytime / nighttime, work- / weekdays and cold / hot seasonal trends of submicron particles will be investigated and discussed along with NOx and total PAH drifts demonstrating the primary origin of UFPs from combustion processes. Furthermore, moving from these data, the total dose of submicron particles deposited in the respiratory system (i.e., head, tracheobronchial and alveolar regions in different lung lobes) has been estimated. Dosimeter estimates were performed with the Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model (MPPD v.2.1). The paper discusses the aerosol doses deposited in the respiratory system of individuals exposed in proximity of traffic. During traffic peak hours, about 6.6 × 10(10) particles are deposited into the respiratory system. Such dose is almost entirely made of UFPs. According to the greater dose estimated, right lung lobes are expected to be more susceptible to respiratory pathologies than left lobes.
27325547	10	15	study	T062	C2603343
27325547	19	36	fine-mode aerosol	T073	C0001712
27325547	42	56	big urban area	UnknownType	C0814837
27325547	61	75	relevant doses	T081	C0178602
27325547	76	85	deposited	T169	C0333562
27325547	93	98	human	T016	C0086418
27325547	99	116	respiratory tract	T023	C0282335
27325547	143	149	health	T078	C0018684
27325547	150	157	effects	T080	C1280500
27325547	161	163	PM	T131	C1510837
27325547	176	189	particle size	T081	C0030608
27325547	254	273	UltraFine Particles	T104	C0597177
27325547	275	279	UFPs	T104	C0597177
27325547	324	335	fraction of	T081	C1264633
27325547	336	347	atmospheric	T070	C0004178
27325547	348	355	aerosol	T073	C0001712
27325547	359	363	Rome	T083	C0035831
27325547	396	402	levels	T080	C0441889
27325547	406	411	PM2.5	T131	C1510837
27325547	427	431	PM10	T131	C1510837
27325547	444	449	PM2.5	T131	C1510837
27325547	476	495	submicron particles	T104	C0597177
27325547	504	520	great urban area	UnknownType	C0814837
27325547	526	533	daytime	T079	C0332169
27325547	536	545	nighttime	T079	C3844540
27325547	547	552	work-	T079	C0680192
27325547	555	563	weekdays	T079	C0680189
27325547	568	572	cold	T070	C0009264
27325547	575	578	hot	T070	C2350229
27325547	579	594	seasonal trends	T079	C0036497
27325547	598	617	submicron particles	T104	C0597177
27325547	664	667	NOx	T197	C0028167
27325547	678	681	PAH	T109	C0032458
27325547	725	729	UFPs	T104	C0597177
27325547	735	755	combustion processes	T067	C1522240
27325547	804	808	dose	T081	C0178602
27325547	812	831	submicron particles	T104	C0597177
27325547	832	841	deposited	T169	C0333562
27325547	849	867	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
27325547	875	879	head	T029	C0018670
27325547	881	897	tracheobronchial	T023	C0458580
27325547	902	918	alveolar regions	T023	C1440080
27325547	932	942	lung lobes	T023	C0225752
27325547	964	973	Dosimeter	T074	C0180488
27325547	974	983	estimates	T081	C0750572
27325547	1008	1046	Multiple-Path Particle Dosimetry model	T170	C3161035
27325547	1048	1058	MPPD v.2.1	T170	C3161035
27325547	1085	1092	aerosol	T073	C0001712
27325547	1093	1098	doses	T081	C0178602
27325547	1099	1108	deposited	T169	C0333562
27325547	1116	1134	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
27325547	1138	1149	individuals	T098	C0237401
27325547	1150	1157	exposed	T080	C0332157
27325547	1174	1181	traffic	T033	C3840880
27325547	1190	1197	traffic	T033	C3840880
27325547	1203	1208	hours	T079	C0439227
27325547	1229	1238	particles	T104	C0597177
27325547	1243	1252	deposited	T169	C0333562
27325547	1262	1280	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
27325547	1287	1291	dose	T081	C0178602
27325547	1319	1323	UFPs	T104	C0597177
27325547	1350	1354	dose	T081	C0178602
27325547	1355	1364	estimated	T081	C0750572
27325547	1366	1382	right lung lobes	T023	C0446959
27325547	1407	1418	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27325547	1422	1433	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27325547	1434	1445	pathologies	T046	C0677042
27325547	1451	1461	left lobes	T023	C0446960

27326352|t|Anomalous Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery Arising from Pulmonary Artery in a 63 Year-old Male Patient: Case Report and Literature Review
27326352|a|To present a case of a rare congenital coronary anomaly in an adult patient, which was not reported before in Palestine, review the literature, and compare with previously reported cases.
27326352	0	9	Anomalous	T033	C3277934
27326352	10	50	Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery	T023	C0226032
27326352	64	80	Pulmonary Artery	T023	C0034052
27326352	98	110	Male Patient	T032	C0150904
27326352	112	123	Case Report	T170	C0007320
27326352	128	145	Literature Review	T170	C0282441
27326352	149	156	present	T078	C0449450
27326352	159	163	case	T077	C1706256
27326352	169	173	rare	T080	C0522498
27326352	174	201	congenital coronary anomaly	T019	C0158623
27326352	208	213	adult	T100	C0001675
27326352	214	221	patient	T101	C0030705
27326352	237	245	reported	T058	C0700287
27326352	256	265	Palestine	T083	C0017446
27326352	267	273	review	T078	C1552617
27326352	278	288	literature	T170	C0023866
27326352	294	301	compare	T052	C1707455
27326352	318	332	reported cases	T170	C0007320

27326810|t|International Liver Transplant Society Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis and Management of Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Portopulmonary Hypertension
27326810|a|Two distinct pulmonary vascular disorders, hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) may occur as a consequence of hepatic parenchymal or vascular abnormalities. HPS and POPH have major clinical implications for liver transplantation. A European Respiratory Society Task Force on Pulmonary-Hepatic Disorders convened in 2002 to standardize the diagnosis and guide management of these disorders. These International Liver Transplant Society diagnostic and management guidelines are based on that task force consensus and should continue to evolve as clinical experience dictates. Based on a review of over 1000 published HPS and POPH articles identified via a MEDLINE search (1985-2015), clinical guidelines were based on, selected single care reports, small series, registries, databases, and expert opinion. The paucity of randomized, controlled trials in either of these disorders was noted. Guidelines are presented in 5 parts; I. Definitions / Diagnostic criteria; II. Hepatopulmonary syndrome; III. Portopulmonary hypertension; IV. Implications for liver transplantation; and V. Suggestions for future clinical research.
27326810	0	58	International Liver Transplant Society Practice Guidelines	T170	C0162791
27326810	60	69	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27326810	74	84	Management	T058	C0376636
27326810	88	112	Hepatopulmonary Syndrome	T047	C0600452
27326810	117	144	Portopulmonary Hypertension	T047	C1868851
27326810	158	186	pulmonary vascular disorders	T047	C0854416
27326810	188	212	hepatopulmonary syndrome	T047	C0600452
27326810	214	217	HPS	T047	C0600452
27326810	223	250	portopulmonary hypertension	T047	C1868851
27326810	252	256	POPH	T047	C1868851
27326810	273	287	consequence of	T169	C0686907
27326810	288	307	hepatic parenchymal	T023	C0736268
27326810	311	333	vascular abnormalities	T033	C0241657
27326810	335	338	HPS	T047	C0600452
27326810	343	347	POPH	T047	C1868851
27326810	359	367	clinical	T080	C0205210
27326810	368	380	implications	T033	C0243095
27326810	385	406	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911
27326810	410	449	European Respiratory Society Task Force	T064	C0162458
27326810	453	480	Pulmonary-Hepatic Disorders	T047	C0012634
27326810	517	526	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27326810	531	547	guide management	T170	C0162791
27326810	557	566	disorders	T047	C0012634
27326810	574	649	International Liver Transplant Society diagnostic and management guidelines	T170	C0162791
27326810	668	678	task force	T064	C0162458
27326810	722	730	clinical	T080	C0205210
27326810	793	796	HPS	T047	C0600452
27326810	801	805	POPH	T047	C1868851
27326810	832	846	MEDLINE search	T170	C0242356
27326810	860	879	clinical guidelines	T170	C0282451
27326810	895	923	selected single care reports	T058	C0700287
27326810	925	937	small series	T081	C0205549
27326810	939	949	registries	T170	C0034975
27326810	951	960	databases	T170	C0242356
27326810	966	980	expert opinion	T077	C0600219
27326810	997	1026	randomized, controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27326810	1046	1055	disorders	T047	C0012634
27326810	1067	1077	Guidelines	T170	C0282451
27326810	1107	1118	Definitions	T170	C0679227
27326810	1121	1140	Diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
27326810	1146	1170	Hepatopulmonary syndrome	T047	C0600452
27326810	1177	1204	Portopulmonary hypertension	T047	C1868851
27326810	1210	1222	Implications	T033	C0243095
27326810	1227	1248	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911
27326810	1257	1268	Suggestions	T078	C1705535
27326810	1280	1297	clinical research	T062	C0008972

27326914|t|Prevalence of Coronary Artery to Pulmonary Artery Collaterals in Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Retrospective Analysis from a Single Center
27326914|a|Background Our aim was to determine the prevalence of coronary artery - pulmonary artery collaterals in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) by retrospectively evaluating coronary angiograms of eligible consecutive patients who had undergone pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). We also aimed to evaluate predictors and potential clinical associates of these collaterals. Methods Coronary angiograms of 83 consecutive CTEPH patients who had undergone coronary angiography before PEA operation between January 1, 2012 and June 1, 2015 were retrospectively evaluated for presence of coronary artery - pulmonary artery collaterals. Medical records of all patients were also retrospectively reviewed for demographic information, cardiovascular risk factors, preoperative right heart catheterization reports, operation reports, and follow-up data. Data of CTEPH patients with coronary artery - pulmonary artery collaterals were compared with data of CTEPH patients without such collaterals. Results There were 15 patients (18.1%) with definite and 4 patients (4.8%) with probable coronary artery - pulmonary artery collaterals among the study population. CTEPH patients with collaterals had higher preoperative pulmonary artery pressures, higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and lower cardiac index values compared with CTEPH patients without collaterals. However, CTEPH patients with collaterals displayed higher amount of reduction in PVR after PEA compared with patients without collaterals. There were no significant differences between groups regarding incidence of reperfusion injury or mortality. Conclusion Prevalence of coronary artery - pulmonary artery collaterals seems to be increased in our CTEPH patients compared with the general population. The presence of coronary artery - pulmonary artery collaterals is often combined with proximal disease with the possibility of increased reduction of PVR after PEA operation.
27326914	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033106
27326914	14	29	Coronary Artery	T033	C0428837
27326914	33	61	Pulmonary Artery Collaterals	T019	C0345095
27326914	65	73	Patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	79	124	Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension	T047	C2363973
27326914	126	148	Retrospective Analysis	T062	C0035363
27326914	210	220	prevalence	T081	C0033106
27326914	224	239	coronary artery	T033	C0428837
27326914	242	270	pulmonary artery collaterals	T019	C0345095
27326914	274	282	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	288	333	chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension	T047	C2363973
27326914	335	340	CTEPH	T047	C2363973
27326914	345	360	retrospectively	T062	C0035363
27326914	372	391	coronary angiograms	T060	C0085532
27326914	404	415	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27326914	416	424	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	443	467	pulmonary endarterectomy	T061	C2066034
27326914	469	472	PEA	T061	C2066034
27326914	492	500	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27326914	501	511	predictors	T170	C0683956
27326914	526	534	clinical	T080	C0205210
27326914	535	545	associates	T078	C0750490
27326914	555	566	collaterals	T023	C1185727
27326914	576	595	Coronary angiograms	T060	C0085532
27326914	602	613	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27326914	614	619	CTEPH	T047	C2363973
27326914	620	628	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	647	667	coronary angiography	T060	C0085532
27326914	675	678	PEA	T061	C2066034
27326914	679	688	operation	T061	C0543467
27326914	697	704	January	T080	C3829466
27326914	717	721	June	T079	C3829443
27326914	735	750	retrospectively	T062	C0035363
27326914	751	760	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27326914	777	792	coronary artery	T033	C0428837
27326914	795	823	pulmonary artery collaterals	T019	C0345095
27326914	825	840	Medical records	T170	C0025102
27326914	848	856	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	867	882	retrospectively	T062	C0035363
27326914	896	919	demographic information	T033	C0578829
27326914	921	948	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
27326914	950	962	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27326914	963	998	right heart catheterization reports	T170	C4303224
27326914	1000	1017	operation reports	T170	C1269801
27326914	1023	1037	follow-up data	T170	C1704685
27326914	1039	1043	Data	T078	C1511726
27326914	1047	1052	CTEPH	T047	C2363973
27326914	1053	1061	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	1067	1082	coronary artery	T033	C0428837
27326914	1085	1113	pulmonary artery collaterals	T019	C0345095
27326914	1141	1146	CTEPH	T047	C2363973
27326914	1147	1155	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	1169	1180	collaterals	T023	C1185727
27326914	1204	1212	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	1226	1234	definite	T080	C0439544
27326914	1241	1249	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	1262	1270	probable	T081	C0033204
27326914	1271	1286	coronary artery	T033	C0428837
27326914	1289	1317	pulmonary artery collaterals	T019	C0345095
27326914	1328	1344	study population	T098	C2348561
27326914	1346	1351	CTEPH	T047	C2363973
27326914	1352	1360	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	1366	1377	collaterals	T023	C1185727
27326914	1389	1401	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27326914	1402	1428	pulmonary artery pressures	T034	C0428642
27326914	1430	1436	higher	T080	C0205250
27326914	1437	1466	pulmonary vascular resistance	T033	C0456261
27326914	1468	1471	PVR	T033	C0456261
27326914	1477	1482	lower	T080	C0205251
27326914	1483	1503	cardiac index values	T033	C0428776
27326914	1518	1523	CTEPH	T047	C2363973
27326914	1524	1532	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	1541	1552	collaterals	T023	C1185727
27326914	1563	1568	CTEPH	T047	C2363973
27326914	1569	1577	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	1583	1594	collaterals	T023	C1185727
27326914	1622	1638	reduction in PVR	T033	C0855340
27326914	1645	1648	PEA	T061	C2066034
27326914	1663	1671	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	1680	1691	collaterals	T023	C1185727
27326914	1704	1730	no significant differences	T033	C3842396
27326914	1739	1745	groups	T078	C0441833
27326914	1756	1765	incidence	T081	C0021149
27326914	1769	1787	reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
27326914	1791	1800	mortality	T081	C0205848
27326914	1813	1823	Prevalence	T081	C0033106
27326914	1827	1842	coronary artery	T033	C0428837
27326914	1845	1873	pulmonary artery collaterals	T019	C0345095
27326914	1903	1908	CTEPH	T047	C2363973
27326914	1909	1917	patients	T101	C0030705
27326914	1936	1954	general population	T098	C0683971
27326914	1972	1987	coronary artery	T033	C0428837
27326914	1990	2018	pulmonary artery collaterals	T019	C0345095
27326914	2042	2050	proximal	T082	C0205107
27326914	2051	2058	disease	T047	C0012634
27326914	2093	2109	reduction of PVR	T033	C0855340
27326914	2116	2119	PEA	T061	C2066034

27328333|t|Uveitis in children
27328333|a|The review provides updates on novel risk markers for the development of pediatric inflammatory uveitis and a severe disease course, on treatment of refractory disease, and on the measurement of visual outcomes. There are several new genetic markers, biomarkers, and clinical factors that may influence a child's uveitis disease course. It is important to identify children at risk for poor visual outcomes and who are refractory to traditional therapy. Racial disparities have recently been reported. We describe agents of potential benefit. In addition, we discuss the importance of patient reported outcomes in this population. Uveitis can lead to vision-threatening complications. Timely and aggressive treatment of children identified to be at risk for a severe uveitis course may lead to improved outcomes.
27328333	0	7	Uveitis	T047	C0042164
27328333	11	19	children	T100	C0008059
27328333	51	56	novel	T080	C0205314
27328333	57	69	risk markers	T080	C1519104
27328333	78	89	development	T169	C1527148
27328333	93	102	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27328333	103	123	inflammatory uveitis	T047	C0042164
27328333	130	151	severe disease course	T046	C0242656
27328333	156	165	treatment	T061	C0087111
27328333	169	187	refractory disease	T033	C1514815
27328333	200	211	measurement	T169	C0242485
27328333	215	230	visual outcomes	T169	C1274040
27328333	254	269	genetic markers	T045	C0017393
27328333	271	281	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27328333	287	295	clinical	T080	C0205210
27328333	296	303	factors	T169	C1521761
27328333	325	332	child's	T100	C0008059
27328333	333	340	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27328333	341	355	disease course	T046	C0242656
27328333	385	393	children	T100	C0008059
27328333	397	401	risk	T078	C0035647
27328333	406	426	poor visual outcomes	T169	C1274040
27328333	439	449	refractory	T169	C0332325
27328333	453	472	traditional therapy	T061	C3650840
27328333	474	492	Racial disparities	T033	C0243095
27328333	512	520	reported	T170	C0684224
27328333	534	540	agents	T120	C0450442
27328333	544	561	potential benefit	T081	C0814225
27328333	605	630	patient reported outcomes	T170	C2987124
27328333	639	649	population	T101	C0030705
27328333	651	658	Uveitis	T047	C0042164
27328333	671	703	vision-threatening complications	T046	C0009566
27328333	705	736	Timely and aggressive treatment	T061	C0087111
27328333	740	748	children	T100	C0008059
27328333	769	773	risk	T078	C0035647
27328333	780	801	severe uveitis course	T046	C0242656
27328333	814	831	improved outcomes	T169	C1274040

27328365|t|The integration of cyanide hydratase and tyrosinase catalysts enables effective degradation of cyanide and phenol in coking wastewaters
27328365|a|The aim of this study was to design an effective method for the bioremediation of coking wastewaters, specifically for the concurrent elimination of their highly toxic components - cyanide and phenols. Almost full degradation of free cyanide (0.32-20 mM; 8.3-520 mg L(-1)) in the model and the real coking wastewaters was achieved by using a recombinant cyanide hydratase in the first step. The removal of cyanide, a strong inhibitor of tyrosinase, enabled an effective degradation of phenols by this enzyme in the second step. Phenol (16.5 mM, 1,552 mg L(-1)) was completely removed from a real coking wastewater within 20 h and cresols (5.0 mM, 540 mg L(-1)) were removed by 66% under the same conditions. The integration of cyanide hydratase and tyrosinase open up new possibilities for the bioremediation of wastewaters with complex pollution.
27328365	4	15	integration	T080	C0205195
27328365	19	36	cyanide hydratase	T116,T126	C0172612
27328365	41	51	tyrosinase	T116,T126	C0012524
27328365	52	61	catalysts	T067	C0175921
27328365	70	79	effective	T080	C1280519
27328365	80	91	degradation	T169	C0243125
27328365	95	102	cyanide	T197	C0010505
27328365	107	113	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
27328365	117	135	coking wastewaters	T069,T131	C0021265
27328365	152	157	study	T059	C0947630
27328365	165	171	design	T052	C1707689
27328365	175	184	effective	T080	C1280519
27328365	185	191	method	T169	C0449851
27328365	200	214	bioremediation	T069	C0598015
27328365	218	236	coking wastewaters	T069,T131	C0021265
27328365	259	269	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27328365	270	281	elimination	T067	C0596314
27328365	298	303	toxic	T080	C1407029
27328365	304	314	components	T080	C0205198
27328365	317	324	cyanide	T197	C0010505
27328365	329	336	phenols	T109,T121	C0070570
27328365	350	361	degradation	T169	C0243125
27328365	365	377	free cyanide	T197	C0010505
27328365	416	421	model	T075	C0026336
27328365	435	453	coking wastewaters	T069,T131	C0021265
27328365	478	489	recombinant	T116	C0034861
27328365	490	507	cyanide hydratase	T116,T126	C0172612
27328365	515	525	first step	T079	C0205265
27328365	531	538	removal	T052	C1883720
27328365	542	549	cyanide	T197	C0010505
27328365	560	569	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27328365	573	583	tyrosinase	T116,T126	C0012524
27328365	596	605	effective	T080	C1280519
27328365	606	617	degradation	T169	C0243125
27328365	621	628	phenols	T109,T121	C0070570
27328365	637	643	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27328365	664	670	Phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
27328365	712	719	removed	T052	C1883720
27328365	732	749	coking wastewater	T069,T131	C0021265
27328365	760	761	h	T079	C0439227
27328365	766	773	cresols	T109	C0010305
27328365	802	809	removed	T052	C1883720
27328365	832	842	conditions	T080	C0348080
27328365	848	859	integration	T080	C0205195
27328365	863	880	cyanide hydratase	T116,T126	C0172612
27328365	885	895	tyrosinase	T116,T126	C0012524
27328365	930	944	bioremediation	T069	C0598015
27328365	948	959	wastewaters	T069,T131	C0021265
27328365	973	982	pollution	T069	C0043056

27329050|t|Utility of a mHealth App for Self-Management and Education of Cardiac Diseases in Spanish Urban and Rural Areas
27329050|a|Analyze the utility of a mobile health app named HeartKeeper in several groups of population and obtain conclusions to be applied to other similar apps. A questionnaire has been designed to evaluate the usage and utility of the HeartKeeper app. The questionnaire information was collected by collaborating cardiologists from 32 patients before and after they used the app. Patients were randomly selected with established quotas within interest groups, so that men and women, patients older or younger than 60 years old and patients living in urban or rural areas were equally represented. Using the appropriate statistical techniques we see that the HeartKeeper app was useful for patients as they qualify with 70 points (out of 100) the overall opinion of the app, it helps them remember more easily taking their pills with a mean improvement of 20.94 points (p < 0.001) and they perceive a global improvement of their health (8.28 points, p < 0.001). We also observe that these improvements do not depend, in general, on the area (urban or rural) where the patient comes from or on their sex. Although older patients needed more help to use the app and used it slightly less frequently, the improvements on several measures considered, such as remembering taking pills, breathing problems or trouble developing activities, depend significantly (p < 0.05) on age with older patients reporting higher improvements than younger ones. The results obtained with the sample of patients considered in this research prove the utility of the HeartKeeper app. This utility is similar in urban and rural areas and for patients of both sexes and, to some extent, depends on the age of the patient with older patients reporting slightly lower frequency of use but higher health improvements than younger ones.
27329050	0	7	Utility	T169	C0457083
27329050	13	24	mHealth App	T170	C3658310
27329050	29	44	Self-Management	T058	C0086969
27329050	49	58	Education	T065	C0013621
27329050	62	78	Cardiac Diseases	T047	C0018799
27329050	82	89	Spanish	T083	C0037747
27329050	90	111	Urban and Rural Areas	T083	C0017446
27329050	112	119	Analyze	T062	C0936012
27329050	124	131	utility	T169	C0457083
27329050	137	154	mobile health app	T170	C3658310
27329050	161	172	HeartKeeper	T170	C3827995
27329050	176	204	several groups of population	T098	C1257890
27329050	209	215	obtain	T169	C1301820
27329050	216	227	conclusions	T078	C1707703
27329050	234	241	applied	T169	C4048755
27329050	245	263	other similar apps	T170	C3658310
27329050	267	280	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27329050	290	298	designed	T052	C1707689
27329050	315	320	usage	T169	C0457083
27329050	325	332	utility	T169	C0457083
27329050	340	355	HeartKeeper app	T170	C3658310
27329050	361	374	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27329050	375	386	information	T078	C1533716
27329050	391	400	collected	T169	C1516698
27329050	418	431	cardiologists	T097	C0175906
27329050	440	448	patients	T101	C0030705
27329050	449	465	before and after	UnknownType	C0150091
27329050	471	475	used	T169	C0457083
27329050	480	483	app	T170	C3658310
27329050	485	493	Patients	T101	C0030705
27329050	499	516	randomly selected	T062	C0150105
27329050	534	540	quotas	T062	C2347740
27329050	548	563	interest groups	T098	C1705429
27329050	573	576	men	T098	C0025266
27329050	581	586	women	T098	C0043210
27329050	588	596	patients	T101	C0030705
27329050	597	602	older	T098	C0001792
27329050	606	613	younger	T079	C0332239
27329050	622	631	years old	T079	C0439234
27329050	636	644	patients	T101	C0030705
27329050	655	675	urban or rural areas	T083	C0017446
27329050	681	700	equally represented	T052	C1882932
27329050	724	746	statistical techniques	T062	C1710191
27329050	763	778	HeartKeeper app	T170	C3658310
27329050	794	802	patients	T101	C0030705
27329050	811	818	qualify	T080	C1548635
27329050	851	866	overall opinion	T033	C3272903
27329050	874	877	app	T170	C3658310
27329050	893	901	remember	T041	C0034770
27329050	927	932	pills	T122	C0994475
27329050	945	956	improvement	T077	C2986411
27329050	1005	1023	global improvement	T077	C2986411
27329050	1074	1081	observe	T169	C1441672
27329050	1093	1105	improvements	T077	C2986411
27329050	1140	1161	area (urban or rural)	T083	C0017446
27329050	1172	1179	patient	T101	C0030705
27329050	1203	1206	sex	T032	C0079399
27329050	1217	1231	older patients	T098	C1518563
27329050	1232	1238	needed	T080	C0027552
27329050	1252	1255	use	T169	C0457083
27329050	1260	1263	app	T170	C3658310
27329050	1268	1272	used	T169	C0457083
27329050	1285	1300	less frequently	T079	C0205213
27329050	1306	1318	improvements	T077	C2986411
27329050	1322	1338	several measures	T081	C0079809
27329050	1359	1370	remembering	T041	C0034770
27329050	1378	1383	pills	T122	C0994475
27329050	1385	1403	breathing problems	T184	C0497337
27329050	1407	1436	trouble developing activities	T184	C0858854
27329050	1482	1496	older patients	T098	C1518563
27329050	1507	1513	higher	T080	C0205250
27329050	1514	1526	improvements	T077	C2986411
27329050	1532	1544	younger ones	T100	C0238598
27329050	1550	1557	results	T169	C1274040
27329050	1576	1582	sample	T081	C0079809
27329050	1586	1594	patients	T101	C0030705
27329050	1614	1622	research	T062	C0035168
27329050	1633	1640	utility	T169	C0457083
27329050	1648	1663	HeartKeeper app	T170	C3658310
27329050	1670	1677	utility	T169	C0457083
27329050	1692	1713	urban and rural areas	T083	C0017446
27329050	1722	1730	patients	T101	C0030705
27329050	1734	1744	both sexes	T032	C0079399
27329050	1750	1764	to some extent	T080	C1555600
27329050	1781	1784	age	T100	C0027362
27329050	1792	1799	patient	T101	C0030705
27329050	1805	1819	older patients	T098	C1518563
27329050	1830	1854	slightly lower frequency	T079	C0205213
27329050	1858	1861	use	T169	C0457083
27329050	1866	1872	higher	T080	C0205250
27329050	1873	1892	health improvements	T077	C2986411
27329050	1898	1910	younger ones	T100	C0238598

27329728|t|MiR-4638-5p inhibits castration resistance of prostate cancer through repressing Kidins220 expression and PI3K/AKT pathway activity
27329728|a|MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, conserved segments of non-coding RNA which play a significant role in prostate cancer development and progression. To identify miRNAs associated with castration resistance, we performed miRNA microarray analysis comparing castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with androgen dependent prostate cancer (ADPC). We identified common underexpression of miR-4638-5p in CRPC compared to ADPC samples, which were further confirmed by quantitative PCR analysis. The role of miR-4638-5p in prostate cancer androgen-independent growth has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. We also identified Kidins220 as a target gene directly regulated by miR-4638-5p and shRNA -mediated knockdown of Kidins220 phenocopied miR-4638-5p restoration. Subsequently, we revealed that Kidins220 activates PI3K/AKT pathway, which plays a key role in CRPC. Loss of miR- 4638-5p may lead to CRPC through the activity of Kidins220 and PI3K/AKT pathway. Furthermore, we found that miR-4638-5p, through regulating Kidins220 and the downstream activity of VEGF and PI3K/AKT pathway, influences prostate cancer progression via angiogenesis. The identification of miR-4638-5p down-regulation in CRPC and the understanding of the functional role of miR-4638-5p and its downstream genes / pathways have the potential to develop biomarkers for CRPC onset and to identify novel targets for novel forms of treatments of this lethal form of PCa.
27329728	0	11	MiR-4638-5p	T028	C0017337
27329728	21	61	castration resistance of prostate cancer	T191	C3658266
27329728	81	90	Kidins220	T028	C2681631
27329728	91	101	expression	T045	C0017262
27329728	106	122	PI3K/AKT pathway	T169	C2984369
27329728	132	141	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27329728	143	149	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27329728	162	180	conserved segments	T086	C0009802
27329728	184	198	non-coding RNA	T114	C0887909
27329728	232	247	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27329728	264	275	progression	T046	C1947901
27329728	289	295	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27329728	312	333	castration resistance	T191	C3658266
27329728	348	373	miRNA microarray analysis	T059	C1449575
27329728	384	420	castration resistant prostate cancer	T191	C3658266
27329728	422	426	CRPC	T191	C3658266
27329728	433	467	androgen dependent prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27329728	469	473	ADPC	T191	C0600139
27329728	497	512	underexpression	T045	C0017262
27329728	516	527	miR-4638-5p	T028	C0017337
27329728	531	535	CRPC	T191	C3658266
27329728	548	552	ADPC	T191	C0600139
27329728	553	560	samples	T077	C2347026
27329728	594	619	quantitative PCR analysis	T059	C2733022
27329728	633	644	miR-4638-5p	T028	C0017337
27329728	648	663	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27329728	664	691	androgen-independent growth	T191	C1516170
27329728	719	727	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27329728	732	739	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27329728	760	769	Kidins220	T028	C2681631
27329728	782	786	gene	T028	C0017337
27329728	809	820	miR-4638-5p	T028	C0017337
27329728	825	830	shRNA	T114	C2930586
27329728	841	850	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27329728	854	863	Kidins220	T028	C2681631
27329728	876	887	miR-4638-5p	T028	C0017337
27329728	932	941	Kidins220	T028	C2681631
27329728	952	968	PI3K/AKT pathway	T169	C2984369
27329728	996	1000	CRPC	T191	C3658266
27329728	1010	1022	miR- 4638-5p	T028	C0017337
27329728	1035	1039	CRPC	T191	C3658266
27329728	1064	1073	Kidins220	T028	C2681631
27329728	1078	1094	PI3K/AKT pathway	T169	C2984369
27329728	1123	1134	miR-4638-5p	T028	C0017337
27329728	1155	1164	Kidins220	T028	C2681631
27329728	1173	1183	downstream	T082	C0522506
27329728	1196	1200	VEGF	T116,T123	C0078058
27329728	1205	1221	PI3K/AKT pathway	T169	C2984369
27329728	1234	1261	prostate cancer progression	T191	C1739135
27329728	1266	1278	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27329728	1302	1313	miR-4638-5p	T028	C0017337
27329728	1314	1329	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
27329728	1333	1337	CRPC	T191	C3658266
27329728	1386	1397	miR-4638-5p	T028	C0017337
27329728	1406	1416	downstream	T082	C0522506
27329728	1417	1422	genes	T028	C0017337
27329728	1425	1433	pathways	T044	C0037080
27329728	1464	1474	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27329728	1479	1483	CRPC	T191	C3658266
27329728	1539	1549	treatments	T061	C0087111
27329728	1573	1576	PCa	T191	C0600139

27330692|t|Evaluation of the Effects of Intravenous and Percutaneous Low Level Laser Therapy in the Management of Shoulder Myofascial Pain Syndrome
27330692|a|Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) treatment is challenging with a high recurrence rate and still lacks a clear treatment frame. Therefore research on new, more efficient and long lasting effect treatment modalities is necessary. This study looked at the effects of intravenous laser therapy (IVL) and percutaneous low level laser (PLLL) in the management of shoulder MPS. In this randomized controlled trial, 30 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were randomly equally allocated to 3 groups, control, IVL and PLLL. Control group received 12 sessions of placebo low level laser, IVL group received 12 sessions of IVL therapy, and PLLL group received 12 sessions of PLLL therapy. All patients were trained for better body posture, body mechanics, gentle massage of trigger points, stretching exercises of affected muscle (trapezius), and received 10 mg of oral nortriptyline regimen every night for 3 months. Outcomes included pain severity, functional disability, and quality of life. Patients were assessed using Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Pain Disability Index (PDI), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann-Whitney and t tests. The mean of PDI and maximum pain intensity during day and night significantly reduced in both PLLL and IVL groups compared to control group. Although pain severity and PDI reduction was more pronounced in IVL group compared to PLLL group, the differences were not statistically significant. Also, quality of life statistically significantly improved in both IVL and PLLL groups compared to control group was more, and although higher in IVL group, the difference was not statistically significant when compared to PLLL group. No side effects were observed in the intervention groups. Intravenous laser and PLLL therapy had a positive effect on pain severity and PDI reduction, and quality of life in this study. Also no adverse event was recorded. Thus, intravenous lasers and PLLL therapy seem to be effective complementary modalities in managing patients with shoulder MPS.
27330692	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27330692	18	28	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27330692	29	40	Intravenous	T082	C0348016
27330692	45	57	Percutaneous	T082	C0522523
27330692	58	81	Low Level Laser Therapy	T061	C0279027
27330692	89	99	Management	T061	C0002766
27330692	103	111	Shoulder	T029	C0037004
27330692	112	136	Myofascial Pain Syndrome	T047	C0027073
27330692	137	161	Myofascial pain syndrome	T047	C0027073
27330692	163	166	MPS	T047	C0027073
27330692	168	177	treatment	T061	C0087111
27330692	245	260	treatment frame	T061	C0087111
27330692	294	303	efficient	T080	C0442799
27330692	328	337	treatment	T061	C0087111
27330692	338	348	modalities	T078	C0695347
27330692	388	398	effects of	T080	C1704420
27330692	399	410	intravenous	T082	C0348016
27330692	411	424	laser therapy	T061	C1955835
27330692	426	429	IVL	T061	C1955835
27330692	435	447	percutaneous	T082	C0522523
27330692	448	463	low level laser	T061	C0279027
27330692	465	469	PLLL	T061	C0279027
27330692	478	488	management	T061	C0002766
27330692	492	500	shoulder	T029	C0037004
27330692	501	504	MPS	T047	C0027073
27330692	514	541	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27330692	546	554	patients	T101	C0030705
27330692	566	584	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27330692	630	637	control	T096	C0009932
27330692	639	642	IVL	T098	C1257890
27330692	647	651	PLLL	T098	C1257890
27330692	653	666	Control group	T096	C0009932
27330692	691	698	placebo	T062	C1706408
27330692	699	714	low level laser	T061	C0279027
27330692	716	725	IVL group	T098	C1257890
27330692	750	761	IVL therapy	T061	C1955835
27330692	767	777	PLLL group	T098	C1257890
27330692	802	814	PLLL therapy	T061	C0279027
27330692	820	828	patients	T101	C0030705
27330692	846	852	better	T080	C0332272
27330692	853	865	body posture	T032	C1262869
27330692	867	881	body mechanics	T022	C0598002
27330692	883	897	gentle massage	T061	C0150347
27330692	901	915	trigger points	T029	C0458343
27330692	917	937	stretching exercises	T061	C0600080
27330692	941	949	affected	T169	C0392760
27330692	950	956	muscle	T024	C0026845
27330692	958	967	trapezius	T023	C0224361
27330692	992	996	oral	T082	C0442027
27330692	997	1010	nortriptyline	T109,T121	C0028420
27330692	1011	1018	regimen	T061	C0040808
27330692	1063	1076	pain severity	T080	C1507013
27330692	1078	1099	functional disability	T033	C0872173
27330692	1105	1120	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27330692	1122	1130	Patients	T101	C0030705
27330692	1151	1171	Numeric Rating Scale	T170	C4050142
27330692	1173	1176	NRS	T170	C4050142
27330692	1179	1200	Pain Disability Index	T170	C0282574
27330692	1202	1205	PDI	T170	C0282574
27330692	1212	1236	Short Form Health Survey	T170	C0451286
27330692	1238	1243	SF-12	T170	C1519135
27330692	1246	1260	Data collected	T033	C4019276
27330692	1266	1274	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27330692	1281	1301	analysis of variance	T081	C0002780
27330692	1303	1308	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27330692	1311	1323	Mann-Whitney	T170	C1708930
27330692	1328	1335	t tests	T170	C0871472
27330692	1349	1352	PDI	T170	C0282574
27330692	1365	1379	pain intensity	T201	C1320357
27330692	1415	1422	reduced	T080	C0392756
27330692	1431	1435	PLLL	T098	C1257890
27330692	1440	1450	IVL groups	T098	C1257890
27330692	1463	1476	control group	T096	C0009932
27330692	1505	1508	PDI	T170	C0282574
27330692	1542	1551	IVL group	T098	C1257890
27330692	1564	1574	PLLL group	T098	C1257890
27330692	1601	1626	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27330692	1634	1649	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27330692	1650	1677	statistically significantly	T081	C0237881
27330692	1695	1698	IVL	T098	C1257890
27330692	1703	1714	PLLL groups	T098	C1257890
27330692	1727	1740	control group	T096	C0009932
27330692	1774	1783	IVL group	T098	C1257890
27330692	1808	1833	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27330692	1851	1861	PLLL group	T098	C1257890
27330692	1863	1878	No side effects	T033	C1963761
27330692	1900	1919	intervention groups	T098	C2986530
27330692	1921	1932	Intravenous	T082	C0348016
27330692	1933	1938	laser	T061	C1955835
27330692	1943	1955	PLLL therapy	T061	C0279027
27330692	1971	1977	effect	T080	C1280500
27330692	1981	1994	pain severity	T080	C1507013
27330692	1999	2002	PDI	T170	C0282574
27330692	2018	2033	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27330692	2054	2070	no adverse event	T033	C1963761
27330692	2091	2102	intravenous	T082	C0348016
27330692	2103	2109	lasers	T061	C1955835
27330692	2114	2126	PLLL therapy	T061	C0279027
27330692	2138	2147	effective	T080	C1704419
27330692	2162	2172	modalities	T078	C0695347
27330692	2176	2184	managing	T061	C0002766
27330692	2185	2193	patients	T101	C0030705
27330692	2199	2207	shoulder	T029	C0037004
27330692	2208	2211	MPS	T047	C0027073

27330705|t|Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect of 810 nm Diode Laser and Photodynamic Therapy in Reducing the Microbial Flora of Root Canal in Endodontic Retreatment in Patients With Periradicular Lesions
27330705|a|The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial efficacy of diode laser 810nm and photodynamic therapy (PDT) in reducing bacterial microflora in endodontic retreatment of teeth with periradicular lesion. In this in vivo clinical trial, 20 patients who needed endodontic retreatment were selected. After conventional chemo mechanical preparation of root canals, microbiological samples were taken with sterile paper point (PP), held in thioglycollate broth, and then were transferred to the microbiological lab. In the first group, PDT with methylene blue (MB) and diode laser (810 nm, 0.2 W, 40 seconds) was performed and in the second group diode laser (810 nm, 1.2 W, 30 seconds) was irradiated. Then second samples were taken from all canals. CFU/ml amounts showed statistically significant reduction in both groups (P < 0.001). CFU/ml amounts were compared between the two groups and there was no statistical difference. PDT and diode laser 810 nm irradiation are effective methods for root canal disinfection. PDT is a suitable alternative for diode laser 810 nm irradiation, because of lower thermal risk on root dentin.
27330705	18	38	Antibacterial Effect	T043	C1516022
27330705	49	60	Diode Laser	T074	C0392254
27330705	65	85	Photodynamic Therapy	T074	C0750653
27330705	102	117	Microbial Flora	T007	C0004611
27330705	121	131	Root Canal	T030	C0086881
27330705	135	157	Endodontic Retreatment	T061	C3642515
27330705	161	169	Patients	T101	C0030705
27330705	175	196	Periradicular Lesions	T033	C0221198
27330705	213	218	study	T062	C2603343
27330705	238	260	antibacterial efficacy	T043	C1516022
27330705	264	275	diode laser	T074	C0392254
27330705	286	306	photodynamic therapy	T074	C0750653
27330705	308	311	PDT	T074	C0750653
27330705	325	345	bacterial microflora	T007	C0004611
27330705	349	371	endodontic retreatment	T061	C3642515
27330705	375	380	teeth	T023	C0040426
27330705	386	406	periradicular lesion	T033	C0221198
27330705	416	423	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27330705	424	438	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27330705	443	451	patients	T101	C0030705
27330705	463	485	endodontic retreatment	T061	C3642515
27330705	520	548	chemo mechanical preparation	T061	C0087111
27330705	552	563	root canals	T030	C0086881
27330705	565	588	microbiological samples	T077	C2347026
27330705	605	624	sterile paper point	T122	C0490788
27330705	626	628	PP	T122	C0490788
27330705	639	659	thioglycollate broth	T109	C0039899
27330705	694	713	microbiological lab	T073,T093	C0022877
27330705	728	733	group	T078	C0441833
27330705	735	738	PDT	T074	C0750653
27330705	744	758	methylene blue	T109,T121,T130	C0025746
27330705	760	762	MB	T109,T121,T130	C0025746
27330705	768	779	diode laser	T074	C0392254
27330705	840	845	group	T078	C0441833
27330705	846	857	diode laser	T074	C0392254
27330705	890	900	irradiated	T070	C1282930
27330705	914	921	samples	T077	C2347026
27330705	942	948	canals	T030	C0086881
27330705	950	956	CFU/ml	T081	C0439361
27330705	1016	1022	groups	T078	C0441833
27330705	1036	1042	CFU/ml	T081	C0439361
27330705	1081	1087	groups	T078	C0441833
27330705	1129	1132	PDT	T074	C0750653
27330705	1137	1148	diode laser	T074	C0392254
27330705	1156	1167	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27330705	1194	1204	root canal	T030	C0086881
27330705	1205	1217	disinfection	T061	C0012683
27330705	1219	1222	PDT	T074	C0750653
27330705	1253	1264	diode laser	T074	C0392254
27330705	1272	1283	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27330705	1302	1314	thermal risk	T033	C4060533
27330705	1318	1329	root dentin	T031	C0011429

27330995|t|A comparative analysis of lncRNAs in prostate cancer exosomes and their parental cell lines
27330995|a|Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer in men world - wide. Due to its heterogeneous nature, a considerable amount of research effort has been dedicated in identifying effective clinical biomarkers with a focus on proteins, messenger RNA and microRNAs [1]. However, there is limited data on the role and expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in prostate cancer exosomes [2]. This array dataset which is linked to our publication describes the profiling of human lncRNAs in prostate cancer and their exosomes from five different cell lines [3]. From this dataset, we identified a list of statistically significant prostate cancer lncRNAs which are differentially expressed in the exosomes compared to their parent cell lines. This dataset has been deposited into Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE81034).
27330995	2	22	comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
27330995	26	33	lncRNAs	T114	C2982391
27330995	37	52	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27330995	53	61	exosomes	T026	C2350332
27330995	72	80	parental	T080	C0205556
27330995	81	91	cell lines	T025	C0007600
27330995	92	107	Prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27330995	115	121	second	T081	C0205436
27330995	122	129	leading	T169	C1522538
27330995	130	136	cancer	T191	C0007097
27330995	140	143	men	T098	C0025266
27330995	144	149	world	T098	C2700280
27330995	152	156	wide	T082	C0332464
27330995	158	164	Due to	T169	C0678226
27330995	169	182	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27330995	183	189	nature	T078	C0349590
27330995	206	212	amount	T081	C1265611
27330995	216	224	research	T062	C0035168
27330995	225	231	effort	T040	C0015264
27330995	254	265	identifying	T080	C0205396
27330995	266	275	effective	T080	C1704419
27330995	276	284	clinical	T080	C0205210
27330995	285	295	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27330995	303	308	focus	T169	C1285542
27330995	312	320	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27330995	322	335	messenger RNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27330995	340	349	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27330995	373	380	limited	T169	C0439801
27330995	381	385	data	T078	C1511726
27330995	393	397	role	T077	C1705810
27330995	402	412	expression	T045	C0017262
27330995	416	435	long noncoding RNAs	T114	C2982391
27330995	437	444	lncRNAs	T114	C2982391
27330995	449	464	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27330995	465	473	exosomes	T026	C2350332
27330995	484	489	array	T082	C1510941
27330995	490	497	dataset	T170	C0150098
27330995	521	532	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27330995	547	556	profiling	T169	C2003903
27330995	560	565	human	T016	C0086418
27330995	566	573	lncRNAs	T114	C2982391
27330995	577	592	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27330995	603	611	exosomes	T026	C2350332
27330995	622	631	different	T080	C1705242
27330995	632	642	cell lines	T025	C0007600
27330995	658	665	dataset	T170	C0150098
27330995	670	680	identified	T080	C0205396
27330995	691	716	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27330995	717	732	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27330995	733	740	lncRNAs	T114	C2982391
27330995	751	765	differentially	T080	C0443199
27330995	766	775	expressed	T045	C0017262
27330995	783	791	exosomes	T026	C2350332
27330995	792	800	compared	T052	C1707455
27330995	817	827	cell lines	T025	C0007600
27330995	834	841	dataset	T170	C0150098
27330995	851	860	deposited	T169	C0333562
27330995	866	889	Gene Expression Omnibus	T170	C0150098

27331407|t|Structural Insights into 5-HT1A / D4 Selectivity of WAY-100635 Analogues: Molecular Modeling, Synthesis, and in Vitro Binding
27331407|a|The resurgence of interest in 5-HT1A receptors as a therapeutic target requires the existence of highly selective 5-HT1A ligands. To date, WAY-100635 has been the prototypical antagonist of these receptors. However, this compound also has significant affinity for and activity at D4 dopamine receptors. In this context, this work was aimed at better understanding the 5-HT1A / D4 selectivity of WAY-100635 and analogues from a structural point of view. In silico investigations revealed two key interactions for the 5-HT1A / D4 selectivity of WAY-100635 and analogues. First, a hydrogen bond only found with the Ser 7.36 of D4 receptor appeared to be the key for a higher D4 affinity for newly synthesized aza analogues. The role of Ser 7.36 was confirmed as the affinity of aza analogues for the mutant D4 receptor S7.36A was reduced. Then, the formation of another hydrogen bond with the conserved Ser 5.42 residue appeared to be also critical for D4 binding.
27331407	0	10	Structural	T082	C0678594
27331407	11	19	Insights	T041	C0233820
27331407	25	31	5-HT1A	T116,T192	C0379900
27331407	34	36	D4	T116,T192	C0114835
27331407	37	48	Selectivity	T070	C1510827
27331407	52	62	WAY-100635	T109,T121	C0290799
27331407	63	72	Analogues	T104	C0243071
27331407	74	92	Molecular Modeling	T062,T170	C0600115
27331407	94	103	Synthesis	T052	C1883254
27331407	109	117	in Vitro	T080	C1533691
27331407	118	125	Binding	T044	C1167622
27331407	156	172	5-HT1A receptors	T116,T192	C0379900
27331407	178	189	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27331407	190	196	target	T169	C1521840
27331407	230	239	selective	T080	C0205556
27331407	240	246	5-HT1A	T116,T192	C0379900
27331407	247	254	ligands	T103	C0023688
27331407	265	275	WAY-100635	T109,T121	C0290799
27331407	289	312	prototypical antagonist	T120	C0243076
27331407	322	331	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27331407	347	355	compound	T080	C0205198
27331407	377	385	affinity	UnknownType	C0683185
27331407	406	427	D4 dopamine receptors	T116,T192	C0114835
27331407	494	500	5-HT1A	T116,T192	C0379900
27331407	503	505	D4	T116,T192	C0114835
27331407	506	517	selectivity	T070	C1510827
27331407	521	531	WAY-100635	T109,T121	C0290799
27331407	536	545	analogues	T104	C0243071
27331407	553	563	structural	T082	C0678594
27331407	579	588	In silico	T066	C3489666
27331407	589	603	investigations	T169	C1292732
27331407	621	633	interactions	T169	C1704675
27331407	642	648	5-HT1A	T116,T192	C0379900
27331407	651	653	D4	T116,T192	C0114835
27331407	654	665	selectivity	T070	C1510827
27331407	669	679	WAY-100635	T109,T121	C0290799
27331407	684	693	analogues	T104	C0243071
27331407	704	717	hydrogen bond	T070	C0020276
27331407	738	746	Ser 7.36	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27331407	750	761	D4 receptor	T116,T192	C0114835
27331407	798	800	D4	T116,T192	C0114835
27331407	801	809	affinity	UnknownType	C0683185
27331407	820	831	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27331407	832	835	aza	T109	C0004471
27331407	836	845	analogues	T104	C0243071
27331407	859	867	Ser 7.36	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27331407	889	897	affinity	UnknownType	C0683185
27331407	901	904	aza	T109	C0004471
27331407	905	914	analogues	T104	C0243071
27331407	923	929	mutant	T049	C0596988
27331407	930	948	D4 receptor S7.36A	T116,T192	C0114835
27331407	993	1006	hydrogen bond	T070	C0020276
27331407	1026	1042	Ser 5.42 residue	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27331407	1076	1078	D4	T116,T192	C0114835
27331407	1079	1086	binding	T044	C1167622

27331809|t|Differential Apoptosis Radiosensitivity of Neural Progenitors in Adult Mouse Hippocampus
27331809|a|Mammalian tissue-specific stem cells and progenitors demonstrate differential DNA damage response. Neural progenitors in dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are known to undergo apoptosis after irradiation. Using a mouse model of hippocampal neuronal development, we characterized the apoptosis sensitivity of the different neural progenitor subpopulations in adult mouse dentate gyrus after irradiation. Two different bromodeoxyuridine incorporation paradigms were used for cell fate mapping. We identified two apoptosis sensitive neural progenitor subpopulations after irradiation. The first represented non-proliferative and non-newborn neuroblasts and immature neurons that expressed doublecortin, calretinin or both. The second consisted of proliferative intermediate neural progenitors. The putative radial glia-like neural stem cells or type-1 cells, regardless of proliferation status, were apoptosis resistant after irradiation. There was no evidence of radiation - induced apoptosis in the absence of the Trp53 (p53) gene but absence of Cdkn1a (p21) did not alter the apoptotic response. Upregulation of nuclear p53 was observed in neuroblasts after irradiation. We conclude that adult hippocampal neural progenitors may demonstrate differential p53 -dependent apoptosis sensitivity after irradiation.
27331809	0	12	Differential	T080	C0443199
27331809	13	22	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27331809	23	39	Radiosensitivity	T032	C0034537
27331809	43	61	Neural Progenitors	T025	C1113654
27331809	65	76	Adult Mouse	T015	C0026809
27331809	77	88	Hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27331809	89	98	Mammalian	T015	C0024660
27331809	99	114	tissue-specific	T024	C1955394
27331809	115	125	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27331809	130	141	progenitors	T025	C0038250
27331809	154	166	differential	T080	C0443199
27331809	167	186	DNA damage response	T043	C1155291
27331809	188	206	Neural progenitors	T025	C1113654
27331809	210	223	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
27331809	231	242	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27331809	264	273	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27331809	280	291	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27331809	301	312	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27331809	316	327	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27331809	328	348	neuronal development	T040	C0814002
27331809	371	380	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27331809	381	392	sensitivity	T032	C0034537
27331809	410	427	neural progenitor	T025	C1113654
27331809	428	442	subpopulations	T098	C1257890
27331809	446	457	adult mouse	T015	C0026809
27331809	458	471	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
27331809	478	489	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27331809	505	522	bromodeoxyuridine	T114,T121	C0006233
27331809	523	536	incorporation	T169	C0243126
27331809	537	546	paradigms	T062	C0681797
27331809	561	578	cell fate mapping	T043	C1160037
27331809	598	607	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27331809	608	617	sensitive	T032	C0034537
27331809	618	635	neural progenitor	T025	C1113654
27331809	636	650	subpopulations	T098	C1257890
27331809	657	668	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27331809	692	709	non-proliferative	T043	C0007613
27331809	714	725	non-newborn	T033	C0243095
27331809	726	737	neuroblasts	T025	C0814005
27331809	742	758	immature neurons	T025	C0814005
27331809	774	786	doublecortin	T116,T123	C0671767
27331809	788	798	calretinin	T116,T192	C0054544
27331809	832	845	proliferative	T169	C1514485
27331809	846	877	intermediate neural progenitors	T025	C1113654
27331809	892	926	radial glia-like neural stem cells	T025	C1113654
27331809	930	942	type-1 cells	T025	C1113654
27331809	958	978	proliferation status	T169	C1514485
27331809	985	994	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27331809	995	1004	resistant	T169	C0332325
27331809	1011	1022	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27331809	1049	1058	radiation	T070	C0851346
27331809	1061	1068	induced	T169	C0205263
27331809	1069	1078	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27331809	1101	1117	Trp53 (p53) gene	T028	C0079419
27331809	1133	1145	Cdkn1a (p21)	T028	C0249197
27331809	1164	1173	apoptotic	T043	C0162638
27331809	1184	1196	Upregulation	T044	C0041904
27331809	1200	1211	nuclear p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27331809	1228	1239	neuroblasts	T025	C0814005
27331809	1246	1257	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27331809	1276	1293	adult hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27331809	1294	1312	neural progenitors	T025	C1113654
27331809	1329	1341	differential	T080	C0443199
27331809	1342	1345	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27331809	1357	1366	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27331809	1367	1378	sensitivity	T032	C0034537
27331809	1385	1396	irradiation	T070	C1282930

27332210|t|Information Literacy in a Digital Era: Understanding the Impact of Mobile Information for Undergraduate Nursing Students
27332210|a|Recent entry -to- practice nursing informatics competencies for Registered Nurses in Canada mean nurse educators need educational strategies to promote student competency within the rapidly evolving informatics field. A collaborative research team from three Canadian nursing programs completed a mixed method survey to describe how nursing students used mobile nursing information support and the extent of this support for learning. The Mobile Information Support Evaluation Tool (MISET) assessed Usefulness / Helpfulness, Information Literacy Support, and Use of Evidence -Based Sources. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed to describe students' perspectives and the ways they used mobile resources in learning situations. Findings suggest nursing students mainly accessed mobile resources to support clinical learning, and specifically for task - oriented information such as drug medication or patient conditions/diagnoses. Researchers recommend a paradigm shift whereby educators emphasize information literacy in a way that supports evidence -based quality care.
27332210	0	20	Information Literacy	T041	C2936607
27332210	26	33	Digital	T080	C1883674
27332210	34	37	Era	T079	C1254367
27332210	39	52	Understanding	T041	C0162340
27332210	57	63	Impact	T080	C4049986
27332210	67	73	Mobile	T073	C1136360
27332210	74	85	Information	T078	C1533716
27332210	90	120	Undergraduate Nursing Students	T065	C0013638
27332210	121	127	Recent	T079	C0332185
27332210	128	133	entry	UnknownType	C0680254
27332210	139	147	practice	T041	C0237607
27332210	148	167	nursing informatics	T057	C1449810
27332210	168	180	competencies	T080	C0008956
27332210	185	202	Registered Nurses	T097	C0687673
27332210	206	212	Canada	T083	C0006823
27332210	213	217	mean	T081	C2347634
27332210	218	233	nurse educators	T097	C0015538
27332210	239	261	educational strategies	T065	C0516411
27332210	265	272	promote	T052	C0033414
27332210	273	280	student	T097	C0038496
27332210	281	291	competency	T080	C0086035
27332210	303	310	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27332210	311	319	evolving	T169	C0332253
27332210	320	337	informatics field	T090	C0599807
27332210	341	363	collaborative research	T062	C0681804
27332210	364	368	team	T096	C0871489
27332210	380	388	Canadian	T033	C0238884
27332210	389	405	nursing programs	T062	C0028686
27332210	406	415	completed	T080	C0205197
27332210	418	423	mixed	T169	C0205430
27332210	424	430	method	T170	C0025663
27332210	431	437	survey	T170	C0038951
27332210	454	470	nursing students	T097	C0038496
27332210	476	482	mobile	T073	C1136360
27332210	483	510	nursing information support	T170	C1518475
27332210	519	525	extent	T082	C0439792
27332210	534	541	support	T080	C1269765
27332210	546	554	learning	T041	C0023185
27332210	560	602	Mobile Information Support Evaluation Tool	T170	C0037589
27332210	603	610	(MISET)	T170	C0037589
27332210	611	619	assessed	T052	C1516048
27332210	620	630	Usefulness	T080	C3827682
27332210	633	644	Helpfulness	T080	C3898897
27332210	646	666	Information Literacy	T041	C2936607
27332210	667	674	Support	T080	C1269765
27332210	680	686	Use of	T169	C1524063
27332210	687	695	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27332210	703	710	Sources	T033	C0449416
27332210	716	728	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27332210	733	744	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27332210	745	749	data	T078	C1511726
27332210	755	763	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27332210	776	785	students'	T097	C0038496
27332210	786	798	perspectives	T078	C1254370
27332210	822	828	mobile	T073	C1136360
27332210	829	838	resources	T078	C0035201
27332210	842	850	learning	T041	C0023185
27332210	863	871	Findings	T033	C0243095
27332210	872	879	suggest	T078	C1705535
27332210	880	896	nursing students	T097	C0038496
27332210	904	912	accessed	T082	C0444454
27332210	913	919	mobile	T073	C1136360
27332210	920	929	resources	T078	C0035201
27332210	933	940	support	T080	C1269765
27332210	941	949	clinical	T080	C0205210
27332210	950	958	learning	T041	C0023185
27332210	964	976	specifically	T080	C0205369
27332210	981	985	task	T057	C3540678
27332210	988	996	oriented	T033	C3842076
27332210	997	1008	information	T078	C1533716
27332210	1017	1032	drug medication	T061	C2094270
27332210	1036	1064	patient conditions/diagnoses	UnknownType	C0679829
27332210	1066	1077	Researchers	T097	C0035173
27332210	1078	1087	recommend	T078	C0034866
27332210	1090	1104	paradigm shift	T062	C0681797
27332210	1113	1122	educators	T097	C0259853
27332210	1133	1153	information literacy	T041	C2936607
27332210	1168	1176	supports	T080	C1269765
27332210	1177	1185	evidence	T078	C3887511
27332210	1193	1205	quality care	T058	C0034379

27332346|t|Improving EMR Usability: Critical Elements When Designing Perioperative Emergencies Template
27332346|a|Perianesthesia nursing care involves monitoring of unexpected outcomes before and after surgical and anesthetic procedures. When adverse events occur, reviewing patient data is critical to provide appropriate intervention. Current EMR software systems are limited in structure and are not cohesive in recording adverse events. Users tend to develop workarounds when systems fail to capture workflow. Analysis of adverse incident is incomplete because data entered is not retrievable. Narrative data, while sometimes necessary, cannot easily be analyzed or linked to the structured portion of the record. Designing templates to capture essential data during emergency situations improves usability and compliance. The presentation of information in terms of layout and structure is important because it can influence data retrieval, interpretation and clinical decision making in fundamental ways.
27332346	0	9	Improving	T080	C1272745
27332346	10	13	EMR	T170	C2362543
27332346	25	33	Critical	T080	C1511545
27332346	34	42	Elements	T077	C3812827
27332346	48	57	Designing	T052	C1707689
27332346	58	71	Perioperative	T079	C1518988
27332346	72	83	Emergencies	T067	C0013956
27332346	84	92	Template	T078	C1705542
27332346	93	120	Perianesthesia nursing care	T061	C0028678
27332346	130	163	monitoring of unexpected outcomes	UnknownType	C0681837
27332346	164	170	before	T079	C0332152
27332346	175	180	after	T079	C0687676
27332346	181	189	surgical	T061	C0543467
27332346	194	215	anesthetic procedures	T061	C0002903
27332346	222	236	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27332346	237	242	occur	T079	C2745955
27332346	244	253	reviewing	T080	C1704362
27332346	254	266	patient data	T170	C2707520
27332346	270	278	critical	T080	C1511545
27332346	302	314	intervention	T061	C0184661
27332346	324	327	EMR	T170	C2362543
27332346	328	344	software systems	T073,T170	C0037585
27332346	349	356	limited	T169	C0439801
27332346	360	369	structure	T082	C0678594
27332346	378	390	not cohesive	T080	C0205556
27332346	394	403	recording	T169	C0205245
27332346	404	418	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27332346	420	425	Users	T098	C1706077
27332346	459	466	systems	T073	C1553451
27332346	467	471	fail	T169	C0231175
27332346	483	491	workflow	T077	C1710679
27332346	493	501	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27332346	505	521	adverse incident	T046	C0877248
27332346	525	535	incomplete	T080	C0205257
27332346	544	548	data	T078	C1511726
27332346	549	556	entered	T080	C1521975
27332346	560	575	not retrievable	T169	C0205245
27332346	577	591	Narrative data	T078	C1511726
27332346	637	645	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27332346	663	681	structured portion	T082	C1254362
27332346	689	695	record	T170	C0034869
27332346	697	706	Designing	T052	C1707689
27332346	707	716	templates	T078	C1705542
27332346	720	742	capture essential data	T078	C1511726
27332346	750	770	emergency situations	T067	C0013956
27332346	771	779	improves	T080	C1272745
27332346	794	804	compliance	T033	C3714738
27332346	810	822	presentation	T078	C0449450
27332346	826	837	information	T078	C1533716
27332346	850	856	layout	T082	C1708660
27332346	861	870	structure	T082	C0678594
27332346	874	883	important	T080	C3898777
27332346	909	913	data	T078	C1511726
27332346	914	923	retrieval	T058	C1514918
27332346	925	939	interpretation	T170	C0459471
27332346	944	968	clinical decision making	T041	C0011109

27332832|t|Sewage sludge pretreatment by microwave irradiation combined with activated carbon fibre at alkaline pH for anaerobic digestion
27332832|a|This research focuses on the effects of microwave -assisted activated carbon fibre (ACF) (MW - ACF) treatment on sewage sludge at alkaline pH. The disintegration and biodegradability of sewage sludge were studied. It was found that the MW-ACF process at alkaline pH provided a rapid and efficient process to disrupt the microbial cells in the sludge. The results suggested that when irradiated at 800 W MW for 110 s with a dose of 1.0 g ACF /g solid concentration (SS) at pH 10.5, the MW - ACF pretreatment achieved 55% SS disintegration, 23% greater than the value of MW alone (32%). The concentration of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, supernatant soluble chemical oxygen demand, protein, and polysaccharide increased by 60%, 144%, 145%, 74%, and 77%, respectively. An increase in biogas production by 63.7% was achieved after 20 days of anaerobic digestion (AD), compared to the control. The results indicated that the MW-ACF pretreatment process at alkaline pH provides novel sludge management options in disintegration of sewage sludge for further AD.
27332832	0	6	Sewage	T069	C0036861
27332832	7	13	sludge	T069	C0282346
27332832	14	26	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27332832	30	51	microwave irradiation	T067	C1522240
27332832	66	88	activated carbon fibre	T109,T121,T122	C0108411
27332832	92	100	alkaline	T080	C1979842
27332832	101	103	pH	T081	C0020283
27332832	108	117	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
27332832	118	127	digestion	T067	C1522240
27332832	133	141	research	T062	C0035168
27332832	157	167	effects of	T080	C1704420
27332832	168	177	microwave	T070	C0026051
27332832	188	210	activated carbon fibre	T109,T121,T122	C0108411
27332832	212	215	ACF	T109,T121,T122	C0108411
27332832	218	220	MW	T070	C0026051
27332832	223	226	ACF	T109,T121,T122	C0108411
27332832	228	237	treatment	T169	C1522326
27332832	241	247	sewage	T069	C0036861
27332832	248	254	sludge	T069	C0282346
27332832	258	266	alkaline	T080	C1979842
27332832	267	269	pH	T081	C0020283
27332832	275	289	disintegration	T169	C0243125
27332832	294	310	biodegradability	T070	C0005482
27332832	314	320	sewage	T069	C0036861
27332832	321	327	sludge	T069	C0282346
27332832	382	390	alkaline	T080	C1979842
27332832	391	393	pH	T081	C0020283
27332832	405	410	rapid	T080	C0456962
27332832	415	424	efficient	T080	C0442799
27332832	425	432	process	T067	C1522240
27332832	448	457	microbial	T001	C0599840
27332832	458	463	cells	T025	C0007634
27332832	471	477	sludge	T069	C0282346
27332832	483	490	results	T169	C1274040
27332832	511	521	irradiated	T070	C1282930
27332832	551	555	dose	T081	C4019308
27332832	565	568	ACF	T109,T121,T122	C0108411
27332832	572	577	solid	T080	C0205208
27332832	578	591	concentration	T081	C1264643
27332832	593	595	SS	T081	C1264643
27332832	600	602	pH	T081	C0020283
27332832	613	615	MW	T070	C0026051
27332832	618	621	ACF	T109,T121,T122	C0108411
27332832	622	634	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27332832	648	650	SS	T081	C1264643
27332832	651	665	disintegration	T169	C0243125
27332832	717	730	concentration	T081	C1264643
27332832	734	748	total nitrogen	T059	C0523793
27332832	750	766	total phosphorus	T059	C0202178
27332832	768	810	supernatant soluble chemical oxygen demand	T059	C2936285
27332832	812	819	protein	T059	C0202202
27332832	825	839	polysaccharide	T109,T121	C0032594
27332832	840	849	increased	T081	C0205217
27332832	901	909	increase	T169	C0442805
27332832	913	919	biogas	T109	C2717893
27332832	920	930	production	T057	C0033268
27332832	970	979	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
27332832	980	989	digestion	T067	C1522240
27332832	991	993	AD	T067	C1522240
27332832	1012	1019	control	T080	C0243148
27332832	1025	1032	results	T169	C1274040
27332832	1052	1079	MW-ACF pretreatment process	T052	C3539076
27332832	1083	1091	alkaline	T080	C1979842
27332832	1092	1094	pH	T081	C0020283
27332832	1110	1116	sludge	T069	C0282346
27332832	1117	1135	management options	T170	C0680830
27332832	1139	1153	disintegration	T169	C0243125
27332832	1157	1163	sewage	T069	C0036861
27332832	1164	1170	sludge	T069	C0282346
27332832	1183	1185	AD	T067	C1522240

27333086|t|The Effects of Sequential Environmental and Harvest Stressors on the Sensory Characteristics of Cultured Channel Catfish (Ictalurus Punctatus) Fillets
27333086|a|Stress during fish culture alters physiological homeostasis and affects fillet quality. Maintenance of high- quality seafood is important to ensure the production of a marketable product. This study assessed how sequential stressors affect the sensory and quality characteristics of catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets. Three stress trials were conducted where temperature (25 or 33 °C) and dissolved oxygen (DO, approximately 2.5 or >5 mg/L) were manipulated followed by socking and transport stress. After each stage of harvest (environmental stress, socking, and transport), fillet yield, consumer acceptability, descriptive evaluation, cook loss, tenderness, and pH were evaluated. Fillet yield decreased with increasing severity of environmental stress. Fillets from the severe stress treatment (33 °C, approximately 2.5 mg/L) received the highest acceptability scores (P < 0.05). Control fillets (25 °C, >5 mg/L) were the least acceptable (P < 0.05). Increased intensity of less favorable flavor attributes commonly associated with catfish resulted in the differences in acceptability among treatments. As fish progressed through the harvest event, cook loss decreased, tenderness increased, and pH increased, indicating that stress induced textural changes. The data suggest that although environmental stress results in slight changes in flavor attributes, its effects on acceptability are minor with fillets from all treatments still liked (>6 on a 9 point scale). Socking and transport were identified to positively affect textural characteristics of catfish fillets. Although the effects observed were not likely to negatively impact consumer acceptance, a strict management plan should be followed to maintain consistency in the product and avoid changes in stressors that might alter quality more drastically.
27333086	4	14	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27333086	15	25	Sequential	T080	C1705294
27333086	26	39	Environmental	T033	C0596519
27333086	44	61	Harvest Stressors	T078	C0597530
27333086	69	76	Sensory	T080	C0445254
27333086	77	92	Characteristics	T080	C1521970
27333086	96	120	Cultured Channel Catfish	T013	C0079105
27333086	122	141	Ictalurus Punctatus	T013	C0079105
27333086	143	150	Fillets	T168	C0677544
27333086	151	157	Stress	T033	C0038435
27333086	165	177	fish culture	T092	C0016162
27333086	185	210	physiological homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27333086	223	229	fillet	T168	C0677544
27333086	230	237	quality	T080	C0332306
27333086	260	267	quality	T080	C0332306
27333086	268	275	seafood	T168	C0206208
27333086	303	313	production	T057	C0033268
27333086	319	337	marketable product	T073	C1547887
27333086	363	373	sequential	T080	C1705294
27333086	374	383	stressors	T033	C0596519
27333086	395	402	sensory	T080	C0445254
27333086	407	414	quality	T080	C0332306
27333086	415	430	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27333086	434	441	catfish	T013	C0079105
27333086	443	462	Ictalurus punctatus	T013	C0079105
27333086	464	471	fillets	T168	C0677544
27333086	514	525	temperature	T081	C0039476
27333086	544	560	dissolved oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27333086	562	564	DO	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27333086	625	632	socking	T067	C1522240
27333086	637	653	transport stress	T033	C3686628
27333086	675	682	harvest	T067	C1522240
27333086	684	704	environmental stress	T067	C0871732
27333086	706	713	socking	T067	C1522240
27333086	719	728	transport	T169	C1705822
27333086	731	737	fillet	T168	C0677544
27333086	738	743	yield	T081	C0392762
27333086	745	753	consumer	T098	C1707496
27333086	754	767	acceptability	T080	C0814633
27333086	769	791	descriptive evaluation	T078	C1550157
27333086	793	797	cook	T056	C0335326
27333086	798	802	loss	T081	C1517945
27333086	804	814	tenderness	T080	C0234234
27333086	820	822	pH	T081	C0020283
27333086	839	845	Fillet	T168	C0677544
27333086	846	851	yield	T081	C0392762
27333086	878	886	severity	T080	C0439793
27333086	890	910	environmental stress	T067	C0871732
27333086	912	919	Fillets	T168	C0677544
27333086	929	935	severe	T080	C0439793
27333086	936	952	stress treatment	T058	C0150788
27333086	1006	1026	acceptability scores	T081	C0449820
27333086	1039	1046	Control	T096	C0009932
27333086	1047	1054	fillets	T168	C0677544
27333086	1081	1097	least acceptable	T033	C0243095
27333086	1110	1119	Increased	T081	C0205217
27333086	1120	1129	intensity	T080	C0522510
27333086	1133	1137	less	T080	C0547044
27333086	1138	1147	favorable	T080	C3640814
27333086	1148	1154	flavor	T080	C0596585
27333086	1155	1165	attributes	T078	C0449234
27333086	1175	1190	associated with	T080	C0332281
27333086	1191	1198	catfish	T013	C0079105
27333086	1250	1260	treatments	T169	C1522326
27333086	1293	1300	harvest	T067	C1522240
27333086	1308	1312	cook	T056	C0335326
27333086	1313	1317	loss	T081	C1517945
27333086	1318	1327	decreased	T081	C0205216
27333086	1329	1339	tenderness	T080	C0234234
27333086	1340	1349	increased	T081	C0205217
27333086	1355	1357	pH	T081	C0020283
27333086	1358	1367	increased	T081	C0205217
27333086	1385	1391	stress	T067	C0871732
27333086	1400	1416	textural changes	T080	C0449582
27333086	1449	1469	environmental stress	T067	C0871732
27333086	1488	1495	changes	T169	C0392747
27333086	1499	1505	flavor	T080	C0596585
27333086	1506	1516	attributes	T080	C0596585
27333086	1551	1556	minor	T080	C0205165
27333086	1562	1569	fillets	T168	C0677544
27333086	1579	1589	treatments	T169	C1522326
27333086	1627	1634	Socking	T067	C1522240
27333086	1639	1648	transport	T169	C1705822
27333086	1668	1678	positively	T033	C3843164
27333086	1686	1694	textural	T080	C0449582
27333086	1695	1710	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27333086	1714	1721	catfish	T013	C0079105
27333086	1722	1729	fillets	T168	C0677544
27333086	1744	1751	effects	T080	C1280500
27333086	1780	1790	negatively	T033	C0205160
27333086	1791	1797	impact	T080	C4049986
27333086	1798	1806	consumer	T098	C1707496
27333086	1807	1817	acceptance	T080	C0814633
27333086	1828	1843	management plan	T057	C0237784
27333086	1875	1886	consistency	T080	C0332529
27333086	1912	1919	changes	T169	C0392747
27333086	1923	1932	stressors	T078	C0597530
27333086	1950	1957	quality	T080	C0332306

27333594|t|Proteomic analysis of docetaxel resistance in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells using the two-dimensional gel electrophoresis method
27333594|a|Docetaxel -based chemotherapy has been recommended for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, treatment failure often occurs because of acquired drug resistance. In this study, a docetaxel - resistant NPC cell line CNE-2R was established with increasing doses of docetaxel for more than 6 months. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and ESI-Q-TOF-MS were used to compare the differential expression of docetaxel - resistance - associated proteins between human NPC CNE-2 cells and docetaxel - resistant CNE-2R cells. As a result, 24 differentially expressed proteins were identified, including 11 proteins with increased expression and 13 proteins with decreased expression. These proteins function in diverse biological processes such as metabolism, signal transduction, calcium ion binding, immune response, proteolysis, and so on. Among these, α-enolase (ENO1), significantly upregulated in CNE-2R, was selected for detailed analysis. Inhibition of ENO1 by shRNA restored CNE-2R cells ' sensitivity to docetaxel. Moreover, overexpression of ENO1 could facilitate the development of acquired resistance of docetaxel in CNE-2 cells. Western blot and reverse-transcription PCR data of clinical samples confirmed that α-enolase was upregulated in docetaxel - resistant human NPC tissues. Finding such proteins might improve interpretation of the molecular mechanisms leading to the acquisition of docetaxel chemoresistance.
27333594	0	9	Proteomic	T091	C0872252
27333594	10	18	analysis	T062	C0936012
27333594	22	31	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27333594	32	42	resistance	T038	C0013203
27333594	46	51	human	T016	C0086418
27333594	52	76	nasopharyngeal carcinoma	T191	C2931822
27333594	77	82	cells	T025	C0597032
27333594	93	135	two-dimensional gel electrophoresis method	T059	C0013860
27333594	136	145	Docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27333594	153	165	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27333594	175	186	recommended	T078	C0034866
27333594	200	224	nasopharyngeal carcinoma	T191	C2931822
27333594	226	229	NPC	T191	C2931822
27333594	241	258	treatment failure	T033	C0162643
27333594	283	291	acquired	T080	C0439661
27333594	292	307	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27333594	317	322	study	T062	C0681814
27333594	326	335	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27333594	338	347	resistant	T038	C0013203
27333594	348	351	NPC	T191	C2931822
27333594	352	368	cell line CNE-2R	T025	C0085983
27333594	373	384	established	T080	C0443211
27333594	390	400	increasing	T169	C0442808
27333594	401	406	doses	T081	C0178602
27333594	410	419	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27333594	424	433	more than	T081	C0439093
27333594	436	442	months	T079	C0439231
27333594	444	479	Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis	T059	C0013860
27333594	484	496	ESI-Q-TOF-MS	T059	C0599827
27333594	510	517	compare	T052	C1707455
27333594	535	545	expression	T045	C1171362
27333594	549	558	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27333594	561	571	resistance	T038	C0013203
27333594	574	593	associated proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27333594	602	607	human	T016	C0086418
27333594	608	611	NPC	T191	C2931822
27333594	612	623	CNE-2 cells	T025	C0007634
27333594	628	637	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27333594	640	649	resistant	T038	C0013203
27333594	650	662	CNE-2R cells	T025	C0007634
27333594	669	675	result	T033	C2825142
27333594	680	694	differentially	T080	C0443199
27333594	695	713	expressed proteins	T045	C1171362
27333594	719	729	identified	T080	C0205396
27333594	744	752	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27333594	758	767	increased	T081	C0205217
27333594	768	778	expression	T045	C1171362
27333594	786	794	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27333594	800	809	decreased	T081	C0205216
27333594	810	820	expression	T045	C1171362
27333594	828	845	proteins function	T044	C1527118
27333594	849	856	diverse	T080	C1880371
27333594	857	877	biological processes	T038	C3714634
27333594	886	896	metabolism	T169	C0025520
27333594	898	917	signal transduction	T043	C0037083
27333594	919	938	calcium ion binding	T044	C1148580
27333594	940	955	immune response	T042	C0301872
27333594	957	968	proteolysis	T044	C0597304
27333594	994	1003	α-enolase	T116,T126	C2364020
27333594	1005	1009	ENO1	T116,T126	C2364020
27333594	1041	1047	CNE-2R	T025	C0007634
27333594	1053	1061	selected	T052	C1707391
27333594	1075	1083	analysis	T062	C0936012
27333594	1085	1095	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27333594	1099	1103	ENO1	T116,T126	C2364020
27333594	1107	1112	shRNA	T114	C2930586
27333594	1122	1134	CNE-2R cells	T025	C0007634
27333594	1137	1148	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27333594	1152	1161	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27333594	1173	1187	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27333594	1191	1195	ENO1	T116,T126	C2364020
27333594	1217	1228	development	T169	C1527148
27333594	1232	1240	acquired	T080	C0439661
27333594	1241	1251	resistance	T038	C0013203
27333594	1255	1264	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27333594	1268	1279	CNE-2 cells	T025	C0007634
27333594	1281	1293	Western blot	T059,T063	C0005863
27333594	1298	1323	reverse-transcription PCR	T063	C0599161
27333594	1324	1328	data	T078	C1511726
27333594	1332	1348	clinical samples	T077	C2347026
27333594	1349	1358	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27333594	1364	1373	α-enolase	T116,T126	C2364020
27333594	1393	1402	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27333594	1405	1414	resistant	T038	C0013203
27333594	1415	1420	human	T016	C0086418
27333594	1421	1424	NPC	T191	C2931822
27333594	1425	1432	tissues	T024	C0040300
27333594	1434	1441	Finding	T033	C0243095
27333594	1447	1455	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27333594	1462	1469	improve	T033	C0184511
27333594	1470	1484	interpretation	T170	C0459471
27333594	1492	1512	molecular mechanisms	T044	C3537153
27333594	1513	1520	leading	T169	C1522538
27333594	1528	1539	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27333594	1543	1552	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27333594	1553	1568	chemoresistance	T038	C0013203

27333847|t|A holistic approach to age estimation in refugee children
27333847|a|Many refugee children arriving in Australia have an inaccurately documented date of birth (DOB). A medical assessment of a child's age is often requested when there is a concern that their documented DOB is incorrect. This study's aim was to assess the accuracy a holistic age assessment tool (AAT) in estimating the age of refugee children newly settled in Australia. A holistic AAT that combines medical and non-medical approaches was used to estimate the ages of 60 refugee children with a known DOB. The tool used four components to assess age: an oral narrative, developmental assessment, anthropometric measures and pubertal assessment. Assessors were blinded to the true age of the child. Correlation coefficients for the actual and estimated age were calculated for the tool overall and individual components. The correlation coefficient between the actual and estimated age from the AAT was very strong at 0.9802 (boys 0.9748, girls 0.9876). The oral narrative component of the tool performed best (R = 0.9603). Overall, 86.7% of age estimates were within 1 year of the true age. The range of differences was -1.43 to 3.92 years with a standard deviation of 0.77 years (9.24 months). The AAT is a holistic, simple and safe instrument that can be used to estimate age in refugee children with results comparable with radiological methods currently used.
27333847	2	19	holistic approach	T078	C0683249
27333847	23	26	age	T032	C0001779
27333847	27	37	estimation	T041	C0680844
27333847	41	48	refugee	T098	C0034961
27333847	49	57	children	T100	C0008059
27333847	63	70	refugee	T098	C0034961
27333847	71	79	children	T100	C0008059
27333847	92	101	Australia	T083	C0004340
27333847	110	122	inaccurately	T080	C0443236
27333847	123	133	documented	T058	C1301725
27333847	134	147	date of birth	T170	C2348576
27333847	149	152	DOB	T170	C2348576
27333847	157	175	medical assessment	T058	C0582103
27333847	181	192	child's age	T032	C0001779
27333847	228	235	concern	T078	C2699424
27333847	247	257	documented	T058	C1301725
27333847	258	261	DOB	T170	C2348576
27333847	265	274	incorrect	T080	C3827420
27333847	300	306	assess	T058	C0184514
27333847	311	319	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27333847	322	350	holistic age assessment tool	T170	C0037589
27333847	352	355	AAT	T170	C0037589
27333847	360	370	estimating	T041	C0680844
27333847	375	378	age	T032	C0001779
27333847	382	389	refugee	T098	C0034961
27333847	390	398	children	T100	C0008059
27333847	416	425	Australia	T083	C0004340
27333847	429	441	holistic AAT	T170	C0037589
27333847	456	463	medical	UnknownType	C0679624
27333847	468	490	non-medical approaches	T078	C1254370
27333847	503	511	estimate	T041	C0680844
27333847	516	520	ages	T032	C0001779
27333847	527	534	refugee	T098	C0034961
27333847	535	543	children	T100	C0008059
27333847	557	560	DOB	T170	C2348576
27333847	566	570	tool	T170	C0037589
27333847	581	591	components	T077	C1705248
27333847	595	601	assess	T058	C0184514
27333847	602	605	age	T032	C0001779
27333847	610	614	oral	T082	C0442027
27333847	615	624	narrative	T054	C1135957
27333847	626	639	developmental	T080	C0458003
27333847	640	650	assessment	T058	C0220825
27333847	652	675	anthropometric measures	T170	C2598146
27333847	680	688	pubertal	T033	C1627769
27333847	689	699	assessment	T058	C0220825
27333847	701	710	Assessors	T097	C0401803
27333847	716	723	blinded	T062	C0150108
27333847	731	735	true	T080	C0205238
27333847	736	739	age	T032	C0001779
27333847	747	752	child	T100	C0008059
27333847	754	778	Correlation coefficients	T081	C0392762
27333847	787	793	actual	T080	C0237400
27333847	798	807	estimated	T041	C0680844
27333847	808	811	age	T032	C0001779
27333847	817	827	calculated	T052	C1441506
27333847	836	840	tool	T170	C0037589
27333847	841	874	overall and individual components	T077	C1705248
27333847	880	903	correlation coefficient	T081	C0392762
27333847	916	922	actual	T080	C0237400
27333847	927	936	estimated	T041	C0680844
27333847	937	940	age	T032	C0001779
27333847	950	953	AAT	T170	C0037589
27333847	981	985	boys	T100	C0870221
27333847	994	999	girls	T100	C0870604
27333847	1013	1017	oral	T082	C0442027
27333847	1018	1027	narrative	T054	C1135957
27333847	1028	1037	component	T077	C1705248
27333847	1045	1049	tool	T170	C0037589
27333847	1097	1100	age	T032	C0001779
27333847	1101	1110	estimates	T041	C0680844
27333847	1125	1129	year	T079	C0439234
27333847	1137	1141	true	T080	C0205238
27333847	1142	1145	age	T032	C0001779
27333847	1190	1195	years	T079	C0439234
27333847	1203	1221	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27333847	1230	1235	years	T079	C0439234
27333847	1242	1248	months	T079	C0439231
27333847	1255	1258	AAT	T170	C0037589
27333847	1264	1272	holistic	T078	C1254370
27333847	1274	1280	simple	T080	C0205352
27333847	1285	1289	safe	UnknownType	C0814103
27333847	1321	1329	estimate	T041	C0680844
27333847	1330	1333	age	T032	C0001779
27333847	1337	1344	refugee	T098	C0034961
27333847	1345	1353	children	T100	C0008059
27333847	1383	1403	radiological methods	T091	C0039431

27334470|t|Genomic analysis of nontypeable pneumococci causing invasive pneumococcal disease in South Africa, 2003-2013
27334470|a|The capsular polysaccharide is the principal virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae and a target for current pneumococcal vaccines. However, some pathogenic pneumococci are serologically nontypeable [nontypeable pneumococci (NTPn)]. Due to their relative rarity, NTPn are poorly characterized, and, as such, limited data exist which describe these organisms. We aimed to describe disease and genotypically characterize NTPn causing invasive pneumococcal disease in South Africa. Isolates were detected through national, laboratory - based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease in South Africa and characterized by whole genome analysis. We predicted ancestral serotypes (serotypes from which NTPn may have originated) for Group I NTPn using multilocus sequence typing and capsular region sequence analyses. Antimicrobial resistance patterns and mutations potentially causing nontypeability were identified. From 2003-2013, 39 (0.1 %, 39/32,824) NTPn were reported. Twenty-two (56 %) had partial capsular genes (Group I) and 17 (44 %) had complete capsular deletion of which 15 had replacement by other genes (Group II). Seventy-nine percent (31/39) of our NTPn isolates were derived from encapsulated S. pneumoniae. Ancestral serotypes 1 (27 %, 6/22) and 8 (14 %, 3/22) were most prevalent, and 59 % (13/22) of ancestral serotypes were serotypes included in the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. We identified a variety of mutations within the capsular region of Group I NTPn, some of which may be responsible for the nontypeable phenotype. Nonsusceptibility to tetracycline and erythromycin was higher in NTPn than encapsulated S. pneumoniae. NTPn are currently a rare cause of invasive pneumococcal disease in South Africa and represent a genetically diverse collection of isolates.
27334470	0	16	Genomic analysis	T059	C3854164
27334470	20	43	nontypeable pneumococci	T007	C0038410
27334470	52	81	invasive pneumococcal disease	T047	C1320214
27334470	85	97	South Africa	T083	C0037712
27334470	113	136	capsular polysaccharide	T109	C1979807
27334470	154	170	virulence factor	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27334470	174	198	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27334470	205	211	target	T169	C1521840
27334470	224	245	pneumococcal vaccines	T121,T129	C0358314
27334470	261	271	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27334470	272	283	pneumococci	T007	C0038410
27334470	288	313	serologically nontypeable	T170	C0449943
27334470	315	338	nontypeable pneumococci	T007	C0038410
27334470	340	344	NTPn	T007	C0038410
27334470	370	376	rarity	T080	C0522498
27334470	378	382	NTPn	T007	C0038410
27334470	394	407	characterized	T052	C1880022
27334470	431	435	data	T078	C1511726
27334470	463	472	organisms	T001	C0029235
27334470	495	502	disease	T047	C0012634
27334470	507	520	genotypically	T032	C0017431
27334470	521	533	characterize	T052	C1880022
27334470	534	538	NTPn	T007	C0038410
27334470	547	576	invasive pneumococcal disease	T047	C1320214
27334470	580	592	South Africa	T083	C0037712
27334470	594	602	Isolates	T123	C1764827
27334470	635	645	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27334470	648	653	based	T078	C1705938
27334470	654	666	surveillance	T169	C0220920
27334470	671	700	invasive pneumococcal disease	T047	C1320214
27334470	704	716	South Africa	T083	C0037712
27334470	721	734	characterized	T052	C1880022
27334470	744	759	genome analysis	T059	C3854164
27334470	774	783	ancestral	T169	C0439660
27334470	784	793	serotypes	T170	C0449943
27334470	795	804	serotypes	T170	C0449943
27334470	816	820	NTPn	T007	C0038410
27334470	846	853	Group I	T078	C0441833
27334470	854	858	NTPn	T007	C0038410
27334470	865	891	multilocus sequence typing	T062	C2936544
27334470	896	911	capsular region	T082	C1254362
27334470	912	929	sequence analyses	T059,T063	C0162801
27334470	931	955	Antimicrobial resistance	T201	C1456627
27334470	956	964	patterns	T082	C0449774
27334470	969	978	mutations	T045	C0026882
27334470	979	990	potentially	T080	C3245505
27334470	999	1013	nontypeability	T170	C0449943
27334470	1019	1029	identified	T080	C0205396
27334470	1069	1073	NTPn	T007	C0038410
27334470	1089	1099	Twenty-two	T081	C4284772
27334470	1111	1118	partial	T081	C0728938
27334470	1119	1133	capsular genes	T028	C0017337
27334470	1135	1142	Group I	T078	C0441833
27334470	1162	1170	complete	T080	C0205197
27334470	1171	1188	capsular deletion	T045	C0017260
27334470	1205	1216	replacement	T169	C0559956
27334470	1226	1231	genes	T028	C0017337
27334470	1233	1241	Group II	T078	C0441833
27334470	1244	1256	Seventy-nine	T081	C3828184
27334470	1257	1264	percent	T081	C0439165
27334470	1280	1284	NTPn	T007	C0038410
27334470	1285	1293	isolates	T123	C1764827
27334470	1312	1324	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27334470	1325	1338	S. pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27334470	1350	1359	serotypes	T170	C0449943
27334470	1435	1444	ancestral	T169	C0439660
27334470	1445	1454	serotypes	T170	C0449943
27334470	1460	1469	serotypes	T170	C0449943
27334470	1486	1526	13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine	T121,T129	C3152625
27334470	1555	1564	mutations	T045	C0026882
27334470	1576	1591	capsular region	T082	C1254362
27334470	1595	1602	Group I	T078	C0441833
27334470	1603	1607	NTPn	T007	C0038410
27334470	1650	1661	nontypeable	T170	C0449943
27334470	1662	1671	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27334470	1673	1690	Nonsusceptibility	T034	C2827756
27334470	1694	1706	tetracycline	T109,T195	C0039644
27334470	1711	1723	erythromycin	T109,T195	C0014806
27334470	1738	1742	NTPn	T007	C0038410
27334470	1748	1760	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27334470	1761	1774	S. pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27334470	1776	1780	NTPn	T007	C0038410
27334470	1811	1840	invasive pneumococcal disease	T047	C1320214
27334470	1844	1856	South Africa	T083	C0037712

27334471|t|CAGEd-oPOSSUM: motif enrichment analysis from CAGE -derived TSSs
27334471|a|With the emergence of large-scale Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) datasets from individual labs and the FANTOM consortium, one can now analyze the cis-regulatory regions associated with gene transcription at an unprecedented level of refinement. By coupling transcription factor binding site (TFBS) enrichment analysis with CAGE -derived genomic regions, CAGEd-oPOSSUM can identify TFs that act as key regulators of genes involved in specific mammalian cell and tissue types. The webtool allows for the analysis of CAGE -derived transcription start sites (TSSs) either provided by the user or selected from ∼1300 mammalian samples from the FANTOM5 project with pre-computed TFBS predicted with JASPAR TF binding profiles. The tool helps power insights into the regulation of genes through the study of the specific usage of TSSs within specific cell types and/or under specific conditions. The CAGEd-oPOSUM web tool is implemented in Perl, MySQL and Apache and is available at http://cagedop.cmmt.ubc.ca/CAGEd_oPOSSUM CONTACTS: anthony.mathelier@ncmm.uio.no or wyeth@cmmt.ubc.ca Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
27334471	0	13	CAGEd-oPOSSUM	T170	C0037589
27334471	15	40	motif enrichment analysis	T062	C0936012
27334471	46	50	CAGE	T170	C0150098
27334471	60	64	TSSs	T114,T123	C0949639
27334471	87	146	large-scale Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) datasets	T170	C0150098
27334471	152	167	individual labs	T073,T093	C0022877
27334471	176	193	FANTOM consortium	T077	C1709701
27334471	219	241	cis-regulatory regions	T114,T123	C0034987
27334471	258	276	gene transcription	T045	C0040649
27334471	283	316	unprecedented level of refinement	T080	C0205556
27334471	330	363	transcription factor binding site	T044	C3158211
27334471	365	369	TFBS	T044	C3158211
27334471	371	390	enrichment analysis	T062	C0936012
27334471	396	400	CAGE	T170	C0150098
27334471	410	425	genomic regions	T028	C0598659
27334471	427	440	CAGEd-oPOSSUM	T170	C0037589
27334471	445	453	identify	T080	C0205396
27334471	454	457	TFs	T116,T123	C0040648
27334471	470	473	key	T077	C1706198
27334471	474	484	regulators	T077	C1704735
27334471	488	493	genes	T028	C0017337
27334471	506	514	specific	T080	C0205369
27334471	515	529	mammalian cell	T025	C1512977
27334471	534	546	tissue types	T024	C2713035
27334471	552	559	webtool	T170	C0037589
27334471	575	583	analysis	T062	C0936012
27334471	587	591	CAGE	T170	C0150098
27334471	601	626	transcription start sites	T114,T123	C0949639
27334471	628	632	TSSs	T114,T123	C0949639
27334471	657	661	user	T098	C1706077
27334471	685	694	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27334471	695	702	samples	T167	C0370003
27334471	712	727	FANTOM5 project	T077	C1709701
27334471	733	745	pre-computed	T052	C1880157
27334471	746	750	TFBS	T044	C3158211
27334471	766	792	JASPAR TF binding profiles	T170	C0242356
27334471	798	802	tool	T170	C0242356
27334471	815	823	insights	T041	C0233820
27334471	833	852	regulation of genes	T045	C0017263
27334471	865	870	study	T062	C2603343
27334471	878	886	specific	T080	C0205369
27334471	887	892	usage	T169	C0457083
27334471	896	900	TSSs	T114,T123	C0949639
27334471	908	916	specific	T080	C0205369
27334471	917	927	cell types	T170	C0449475
27334471	941	960	specific conditions	T080	C0348080
27334471	966	987	CAGEd-oPOSUM web tool	T170	C0037589
27334471	1006	1010	Perl	T170	C0037589
27334471	1012	1017	MySQL	T170	C1710218
27334471	1022	1028	Apache	T170	C0243030
27334471	1049	1089	http://cagedop.cmmt.ubc.ca/CAGEd_oPOSSUM	T170	C2349146
27334471	1100	1129	anthony.mathelier@ncmm.uio.no	T170	C1705961
27334471	1133	1150	wyeth@cmmt.ubc.ca	T170	C1705961
27334471	1151	1176	Supplementary information	T170	C2936424
27334471	1178	1196	Supplementary data	T170	C2936424
27334471	1214	1228	Bioinformatics	T170	C0282420
27334471	1229	1235	online	T073,T170	C0029038

27334522|t|Pre-hypertension, pre-diabetes or both: which is best at predicting cardiovascular events in the long term?
27334522|a|The present study aimed to assess the value of pre-diabetes and pre-hypertension in predicting cardiovascular events. A population -based, cross-sectional survey was conducted, representing a large sample of the general Iranian population aged 35 years and older from the Isfahan Province and determined using a random, multistage cluster-sampling 10-year cohort. The five end points considered as study outcome were unstable angina (UA), acute occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI), sudden cardiac death (SCD), brain stroke and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Of the 6323 subjects scheduled for assessment of diabetes state 617 were diabetics and 712 were pre-diabetic. In addition, of these subjects, 1754 had hypertension and 2500 had pre-hypertension. Analysing only pre-hypertension, pre-diabetes and its combination and adjusted for gender and age variables, pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes status together, could only effectively predict occurrence of MI (hazard ratio (HR)=3.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-9.76, P=0.04). In the same COX regression models, pre-hypertension status could predict UA and CVD occurrence (HR =2.94, 95% CI: 1.68-5.14, P<0.001 and HR =1.74, 95% CI: 1.23-2.47, P=0.002, respectively). However, pre-diabetes status could not predict any of these events after adjustment for gender and age. Our data provide valuable evidence of the triggering role of pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes together, on appearance and progression of MI even in healthy individuals and the significant predicting value of pre-hypertension on the occurrence of UA and CVD. In this regard, the value of pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes together, and the pre-hypertension state alone, are clearly superior to pre-diabetes state alone in predicting cardiovascular events.
27334522	0	16	Pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27334522	18	30	pre-diabetes	T047	C0362046
27334522	57	67	predicting	T078	C0681842
27334522	68	89	cardiovascular events	T033	C1320716
27334522	97	106	long term	T079	C0443252
27334522	120	125	study	T062	C2603343
27334522	155	167	pre-diabetes	T047	C0362046
27334522	172	188	pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27334522	192	202	predicting	T078	C0681842
27334522	203	224	cardiovascular events	T033	C1320716
27334522	228	238	population	T081	C0032659
27334522	247	269	cross-sectional survey	T062	C0010362
27334522	328	335	Iranian	T098	C1553355
27334522	336	346	population	T098	C0683971
27334522	355	360	years	T079	C0439234
27334522	380	396	Isfahan Province	T083	C0017446
27334522	420	455	random, multistage cluster-sampling	T062	C2347298
27334522	464	470	cohort	T098	C0599755
27334522	506	519	study outcome	T169	C2985619
27334522	525	540	unstable angina	T047	C0002965
27334522	542	544	UA	T047	C0002965
27334522	547	552	acute	T079	C0205178
27334522	553	563	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27334522	567	588	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27334522	590	592	MI	T047	C0027051
27334522	595	615	sudden cardiac death	T046	C0085298
27334522	617	620	SCD	T046	C0085298
27334522	623	635	brain stroke	T047	C3844825
27334522	640	662	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27334522	664	667	CVD	T047	C0007222
27334522	705	715	assessment	T058	C0220825
27334522	719	733	diabetes state	T047	C0011849
27334522	743	752	diabetics	T033	C0241863
27334522	766	778	pre-diabetic	T033	C0243095
27334522	821	833	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27334522	847	863	pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27334522	880	896	pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27334522	898	910	pre-diabetes	T047	C0362046
27334522	948	954	gender	T032	C0079399
27334522	974	990	pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27334522	995	1007	pre-diabetes	T047	C0362046
27334522	1056	1066	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27334522	1070	1072	MI	T047	C0027051
27334522	1074	1086	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27334522	1088	1090	HR	T081	C2985465
27334522	1102	1121	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27334522	1123	1125	CI	T081	C0009667
27334522	1160	1181	COX regression models	T170	C3161035
27334522	1183	1199	pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27334522	1221	1223	UA	T047	C0002965
27334522	1228	1231	CVD	T047	C0007222
27334522	1232	1242	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27334522	1244	1246	HR	T081	C2985465
27334522	1258	1260	CI	T081	C0009667
27334522	1285	1287	HR	T081	C2985465
27334522	1299	1301	CI	T081	C0009667
27334522	1347	1359	pre-diabetes	T047	C0362046
27334522	1426	1432	gender	T032	C0079399
27334522	1437	1440	age	T032	C0001779
27334522	1446	1450	data	T078	C1511726
27334522	1468	1476	evidence	T078	C3887511
27334522	1503	1519	pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27334522	1524	1536	pre-diabetes	T047	C0362046
27334522	1550	1560	appearance	T080	C0700364
27334522	1565	1576	progression	T046	C0242656
27334522	1580	1582	MI	T047	C0027051
27334522	1591	1610	healthy individuals	T098	C1708335
27334522	1631	1641	predicting	T078	C0681842
27334522	1651	1667	pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27334522	1675	1685	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27334522	1689	1691	UA	T047	C0002965
27334522	1696	1699	CVD	T047	C0007222
27334522	1730	1746	pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27334522	1751	1763	pre-diabetes	T047	C0362046
27334522	1782	1798	pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27334522	1836	1848	pre-diabetes	T047	C0362046
27334522	1864	1874	predicting	T078	C0681842
27334522	1875	1896	cardiovascular events	T033	C1320716

27334669|t|Self-assembled polymeric vectors mixtures: characterization of the polymorphism and existence of synergistic effects in photodynamic therapy
27334669|a|The objective of this work was to assess the relation between the purity of polymeric self-assemblies vectors solution and their photodynamic therapeutic efficiency. For this, several amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(ethyleneoxide-b-ε-caprolactone) have been used to form self-assemblies with different morphologies (micelles, worm-like micelles or vesicles). In a first step, controlled mixtures of preformed micelles and vesicles have been characterized both by dynamic light scattering and asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AsFlFFF). For this, a custom-made program, STORMS, was developed to analyze DLS data in a thorough manner by providing a large set of fitting parameters. This showed that DLS only sensed the larger vesicles when the micelles / vesicles ratio was 80/20 w/w. On the other hand, AsFlFFF allowed clear detection of the presence of micelles when this same ratio was as low as 10/90. Subsequently, the photodynamic therapy efficiency of various controlled mixtures was assessed using multicellular spheroids when a photosensitizer, pheophorbide a, was encapsulated in the polymer self-assemblies. Some mixtures were shown to be as efficient as monomorphous systems. In some cases, mixtures were found to exhibit a higher PDT efficiency compared to the individual nano - objects, revealing a synergistic effect for the efficient delivery of the photosensitizer. Polymorphous vectors can therefore be superior in therapeutic applications.
27334669	0	14	Self-assembled	T044	C0872376
27334669	15	24	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27334669	25	32	vectors	T074	C0085104
27334669	33	41	mixtures	T167	C0439962
27334669	43	59	characterization	T052	C1880022
27334669	67	79	polymorphism	T080	C1882417
27334669	97	108	synergistic	T080	C2986495
27334669	109	116	effects	T080	C1280500
27334669	120	140	photodynamic therapy	T061	C0031740
27334669	207	213	purity	T081	C1882508
27334669	217	226	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27334669	227	242	self-assemblies	T044	C0872376
27334669	243	250	vectors	T074	C0085104
27334669	251	259	solution	T167	C0037633
27334669	270	294	photodynamic therapeutic	T061	C0031740
27334669	295	305	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27334669	325	336	amphiphilic	T121,T122	C0002671
27334669	337	353	block copolymers	T104	C0596383
27334669	357	393	poly(ethyleneoxide-b-ε-caprolactone)	T109	C1258138
27334669	417	432	self-assemblies	T044	C0872376
27334669	448	460	morphologies	T080	C0332437
27334669	462	470	micelles	T109	C0025938
27334669	472	490	worm-like micelles	T109	C0025938
27334669	494	502	vesicles	T080	C0332437
27334669	522	541	controlled mixtures	T167	C0439962
27334669	555	563	micelles	T109	C0025938
27334669	568	576	vesicles	T080	C0332437
27334669	609	633	dynamic light scattering	T059	C1882368
27334669	638	680	asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation	T059	C1135847
27334669	682	689	AsFlFFF	T059	C1135847
27334669	704	715	custom-made	T052	C1880202
27334669	716	723	program	T073,T170	C0037585
27334669	725	731	STORMS	T073,T170	C0037585
27334669	758	761	DLS	T059	C1882368
27334669	762	766	data	T078	C1511726
27334669	824	834	parameters	T077	C0549193
27334669	853	856	DLS	T059	C1882368
27334669	873	879	larger	T081	C0549177
27334669	880	888	vesicles	T080	C0332437
27334669	898	906	micelles	T109	C0025938
27334669	909	917	vesicles	T080	C0332437
27334669	918	923	ratio	T081	C0456603
27334669	958	965	AsFlFFF	T059	C1135847
27334669	980	989	detection	T033	C0442726
27334669	1009	1017	micelles	T109	C0025938
27334669	1033	1038	ratio	T081	C0456603
27334669	1078	1098	photodynamic therapy	T061	C0031740
27334669	1099	1109	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27334669	1121	1140	controlled mixtures	T167	C0439962
27334669	1174	1183	spheroids	T033	C1844596
27334669	1191	1206	photosensitizer	T121	C0162713
27334669	1208	1222	pheophorbide a	T109,T121	C0070716
27334669	1228	1240	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27334669	1248	1255	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27334669	1256	1271	self-assemblies	T044	C0872376
27334669	1307	1316	efficient	T080	C0442799
27334669	1320	1340	monomorphous systems	T033	C0700329
27334669	1357	1365	mixtures	T167	C0439962
27334669	1397	1400	PDT	T061	C0031740
27334669	1401	1411	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27334669	1439	1443	nano	T081	C1553036
27334669	1446	1453	objects	T072	C0347997
27334669	1467	1478	synergistic	T080	C2986495
27334669	1479	1485	effect	T080	C1280500
27334669	1504	1512	delivery	T070	C3850077
27334669	1520	1535	photosensitizer	T121	C0162713
27334669	1537	1549	Polymorphous	T080	C1882417
27334669	1550	1557	vectors	T074	C0085104
27334669	1587	1611	therapeutic applications	T169	C0039798

27335087|t|Fuzheng Qingjie Granules Inhibit Growth of Hepatoma Cells via Inducing Mitochondria -Mediated Apoptosis and Enhancing Immune Function
27335087|a|Fuzheng Qingjie (FZQJ) granules, a compound Chinese medicine, have been used as an adjuvant therapy for alimentary tract cancers. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms are still not well understood. In the present study, HepG2 cells were treated with FZQJ - containing serum. Cell proliferation was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptosis was analyzed using a flow cytometer. Cell ultrastructure was observed under a transmission electron microscope. The mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ) was examined with JC-1 dye. In H22 tumor-bearing mice, CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, CD3(+) T cells, and natural killer cells (NK) in peripheral blood were evaluated cytometrically. Interleukin (IL)-2 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were measured using radioimmunoassay .The mRNA levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome C, caspase 3 and 9, PARP, and CD69 were examined by Western blotting. The apoptotic cells in tissues were observed using TUNEL method. Alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CRE) were detected by an automatic biochemical analyzer. The results showed that FZQJ - containing serum remarkably inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells in dose - and time - dependent manners, induced HepG2 cell apoptosis and caused a decrease of Δψ. Analysis of tumor tissue showed that FZQJ - induced apoptosis was accompanied by downregulation of Bcl-2 and upregulation of Bax, release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase 3 and 9, and cleavage of PARP. In addition, FZQJ increased the percentages of CD4(+) T and NK cells, the ratio of CD4(+) / CD8(+) T cells as well as the levels of serum TNF-α. FZQJ also increased CD69 expression in tumor tissue. No hepatorenal toxicity was observed in H22 tumor-bearing mice. These results indicated that FZQJ could inhibit the growth of hepatoma cells via regulating immune function and inducing mitochondria mediated apoptosis.
27335087	0	24	Fuzheng Qingjie Granules	T123	C0574031
27335087	25	32	Inhibit	T052	C3463820
27335087	33	39	Growth	T039	C0220844
27335087	43	57	Hepatoma Cells	T025	C0677626
27335087	62	70	Inducing	T169	C0205263
27335087	71	83	Mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27335087	94	103	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27335087	108	117	Enhancing	T052	C2349975
27335087	118	133	Immune Function	T042	C1817756
27335087	134	149	Fuzheng Qingjie	T123	C0574031
27335087	150	165	(FZQJ) granules	T123	C0574031
27335087	169	177	compound	T103	C1706082
27335087	178	194	Chinese medicine	T091	C0025123
27335087	217	233	adjuvant therapy	T061	C0677850
27335087	238	254	alimentary tract	T022	C0017189
27335087	255	262	cancers	T191	C0006826
27335087	288	298	anticancer	T033	C0243095
27335087	299	309	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27335087	348	355	present	T079	C0521116
27335087	356	361	study	T062	C2603343
27335087	363	374	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27335087	380	387	treated	T169	C1522326
27335087	393	397	FZQJ	T123	C0574031
27335087	400	410	containing	T052	C2700400
27335087	411	416	serum	T031	C0229671
27335087	418	436	Cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27335087	441	450	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27335087	457	466	MTT assay	T062	C2986858
27335087	468	477	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27335087	482	490	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27335087	499	513	flow cytometer	T074	C0180279
27335087	515	534	Cell ultrastructure	T025	C3825563
27335087	539	547	observed	T169	C1441672
27335087	556	588	transmission electron microscope	T074	C0262880
27335087	594	626	mitochondrial membrane potential	T043	C1720920
27335087	628	630	Δψ	T043	C1720920
27335087	636	644	examined	T033	C0332128
27335087	650	658	JC-1 dye	T130	C0013343
27335087	663	685	H22 tumor-bearing mice	T191	C1512411
27335087	687	701	CD4(+) T cells	T025	C0039215
27335087	703	717	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
27335087	719	733	CD3(+) T cells	T025	C1267816
27335087	739	759	natural killer cells	T025	C0022688
27335087	761	763	NK	T025	C0022688
27335087	768	784	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27335087	800	814	cytometrically	T074	C0180279
27335087	816	834	Interleukin (IL)-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27335087	839	860	tumor necrosis factor	T116,T129	C0041368
27335087	861	868	(TNF)-α	T116,T129	C0041368
27335087	869	875	levels	T080	C0441889
27335087	881	889	measured	T080	C0444706
27335087	896	912	radioimmunoassay	T059	C0034580
27335087	918	922	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27335087	923	929	levels	T080	C0441889
27335087	933	936	Bax	T028	C0812198
27335087	941	946	Bcl-2	T028	C0376515
27335087	952	960	examined	T033	C0332128
27335087	964	1011	reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0599161
27335087	1017	1024	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27335087	1025	1031	levels	T080	C0441889
27335087	1035	1038	Bax	T116,T123	C0219474
27335087	1040	1045	Bcl-2	T116,T123	C0210955
27335087	1047	1059	cytochrome C	T116,T126	C0010749
27335087	1061	1070	caspase 3	T116,T126	C0291573
27335087	1075	1076	9	T116,T126	C0910167
27335087	1078	1082	PARP	T116,T126	C0032405
27335087	1088	1092	CD69	T116,T129	C0108800
27335087	1098	1106	examined	T033	C0332128
27335087	1110	1126	Western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27335087	1132	1141	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
27335087	1142	1147	cells	T025	C0007634
27335087	1151	1158	tissues	T024	C0040300
27335087	1164	1172	observed	T169	C1441672
27335087	1179	1191	TUNEL method	T063	C0872284
27335087	1193	1213	Alanine transaminase	T116,T126	C0001899
27335087	1215	1218	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
27335087	1221	1243	aspartate transaminase	T116,T126	C0004002
27335087	1245	1248	AST	T116,T126	C0004002
27335087	1251	1270	blood urea nitrogen	T123,T197	C0600137
27335087	1272	1275	BUN	T123,T197	C0600137
27335087	1282	1292	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27335087	1294	1297	CRE	T109,T123	C0010294
27335087	1304	1312	detected	T033	C0442726
27335087	1319	1328	automatic	T169	C0205554
27335087	1329	1340	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27335087	1341	1349	analyzer	T074	C0179038
27335087	1355	1362	results	T169	C1274040
27335087	1375	1379	FZQJ	T123	C0574031
27335087	1382	1392	containing	T052	C2700400
27335087	1393	1398	serum	T031	C0229671
27335087	1410	1419	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27335087	1420	1433	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27335087	1437	1448	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27335087	1452	1456	dose	T081	C1512045
27335087	1463	1467	time	T079	C0040223
27335087	1470	1479	dependent	T080	C0851827
27335087	1489	1496	induced	T169	C0205263
27335087	1497	1507	HepG2 cell	T025	C2717940
27335087	1508	1517	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27335087	1531	1539	decrease	T081	C0547047
27335087	1543	1545	Δψ	T043	C1720920
27335087	1547	1555	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27335087	1559	1571	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27335087	1584	1588	FZQJ	T123	C0574031
27335087	1591	1598	induced	T169	C0205263
27335087	1599	1608	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27335087	1628	1642	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27335087	1646	1651	Bcl-2	T116,T123	C0210955
27335087	1656	1668	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27335087	1672	1675	Bax	T116,T123	C0219474
27335087	1677	1684	release	T169	C1283071
27335087	1688	1700	cytochrome c	T116,T126	C0010749
27335087	1702	1712	activation	T044	C0014429
27335087	1716	1725	caspase 3	T116,T126	C0291573
27335087	1730	1731	9	T116,T126	C0910167
27335087	1737	1745	cleavage	T044	C0597304
27335087	1749	1753	PARP	T116,T126	C0032405
27335087	1768	1772	FZQJ	T123	C0574031
27335087	1773	1782	increased	T081	C0205217
27335087	1787	1798	percentages	T081	C0439165
27335087	1802	1810	CD4(+) T	T025	C0039215
27335087	1815	1823	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27335087	1829	1834	ratio	T081	C0456603
27335087	1838	1844	CD4(+)	T025	C0039215
27335087	1847	1861	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
27335087	1877	1883	levels	T080	C0441889
27335087	1887	1892	serum	T031	C0229671
27335087	1893	1898	TNF-α	T116,T129	C0041368
27335087	1900	1904	FZQJ	T123	C0574031
27335087	1910	1919	increased	T081	C0205217
27335087	1920	1924	CD69	T116,T129	C0108800
27335087	1925	1935	expression	T045	C1171362
27335087	1939	1951	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27335087	1953	1976	No hepatorenal toxicity	T033	C0243095
27335087	1981	1989	observed	T169	C1441672
27335087	1993	2015	H22 tumor-bearing mice	T191	C1512411
27335087	2023	2030	results	T169	C1274040
27335087	2031	2040	indicated	T033	C1444656
27335087	2046	2050	FZQJ	T123	C0574031
27335087	2057	2064	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27335087	2069	2075	growth	T039	C0220844
27335087	2079	2093	hepatoma cells	T025	C0677626
27335087	2109	2124	immune function	T042	C1817756
27335087	2129	2137	inducing	T169	C0205263
27335087	2138	2150	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27335087	2160	2169	apoptosis	T043	C0162638

27335213|t|A simple and biosafe method for isolation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells
27335213|a|Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECS) are used as an irreplaceable tool for the study of vascular diseases. However, the technicians who isolate HUVECs are largely exposed to potential infectious threats. Here we report the development of a specialized instrument to protect researchers from known or unknown infectious agents when they operate on human umbilical cords. This instrument can be assembled by common laboratory supplies and adapted to accommodate umbilical cords of different lengths. When the cord is enclosed within the instrument, the risk of sample contamination and operator infection is greatly reduced. Using our instrument, endothelial cells were successfully isolated from human umbilical veins without contamination. The cells were verified by their cobblestone-like morphology and by immunofluorescence staining (Factor VIII and CD31 positivity and α-SMA negativity). Our instrument simplifies and optimizes the cell extraction process, and most importantly elevates the biosafety to a higher level during the isolation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
27335213	2	8	simple	T080	C0205352
27335213	13	20	biosafe	T082	C0557723
27335213	21	41	method for isolation	UnknownType	C0678621
27335213	45	83	human umbilical vein endothelial cells	T025	C3179121
27335213	84	122	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells	T025	C3179121
27335213	124	130	HUVECS	T025	C3179121
27335213	174	179	study	T062	C0008972
27335213	183	200	vascular diseases	T047	C0042373
27335213	215	226	technicians	UnknownType	C0175861
27335213	231	238	isolate	T059	C0007616
27335213	239	245	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27335213	258	265	exposed	T080	C0332157
27335213	269	278	potential	T080	C3245505
27335213	279	289	infectious	T080	C1550587
27335213	290	297	threats	T078	C0749385
27335213	307	313	report	T058	C0700287
27335213	318	357	development of a specialized instrument	T057	C1511813
27335213	361	368	protect	T061	C0150259
27335213	369	380	researchers	T097	C0035173
27335213	386	391	known	T080	C0205309
27335213	395	402	unknown	T080	C0439673
27335213	403	420	infectious agents	T001	C0314732
27335213	431	438	operate	T052	C3241922
27335213	442	447	human	T016	C0086418
27335213	448	463	umbilical cords	T018	C0041633
27335213	470	480	instrument	T074	C0348000
27335213	488	497	assembled	T058	C0508654
27335213	508	527	laboratory supplies	T074	C0025080
27335213	555	570	umbilical cords	T018	C0041633
27335213	584	591	lengths	T081	C1444754
27335213	602	606	cord	T018	C0041633
27335213	630	640	instrument	T074	C0348000
27335213	646	650	risk	T078	C0035647
27335213	654	660	sample	T167	C0370003
27335213	661	674	contamination	T078	C2349974
27335213	679	687	operator	T098	C1705274
27335213	688	697	infection	T046	C3714514
27335213	709	716	reduced	T080	C0392756
27335213	728	738	instrument	T074	C0348000
27335213	740	757	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27335213	790	795	human	T016	C0086418
27335213	796	811	umbilical veins	T018	C0041637
27335213	820	833	contamination	T078	C2349974
27335213	839	844	cells	T025	C0007634
27335213	868	895	cobblestone-like morphology	T080	C0332437
27335213	903	930	immunofluorescence staining	T059	C0487602
27335213	932	943	Factor VIII	T059	C2825857
27335213	948	963	CD31 positivity	T034	C0587081
27335213	968	984	α-SMA negativity	T034	C0587081
27335213	991	1001	instrument	T074	C0348000
27335213	1031	1035	cell	T025	C0007634
27335213	1036	1054	extraction process	T061	C0185115
27335213	1077	1085	elevates	T169	C0442805
27335213	1090	1099	biosafety	T082	C0557723
27335213	1129	1138	isolation	T059	C0007616
27335213	1142	1180	human umbilical vein endothelial cells	T025	C3179121

27336004|t|Iron Deficiency Is Common During Remission in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
27336004|a|The aim was to study prevalence of iron deficiency in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during remission. In addition, there was an observational evaluation of hematological response to oral iron. A population-based retrospective study including 90 Swedish children (median 13 years) with IBD was performed. Patient records covered in median 25 months. Iron deficiency was present in 70/77 children (91%) in which iron status could be assessed. In clinical and biochemical remission, iron deficiency was found in 57/67 (85%) of children, and 23 (34%) of them had iron deficiency anemia. Thirty-six iron-deficient children were prescribed oral iron supplementation and 32 (89%) improved hemoglobin levels over 6 months. In conclusion, iron deficiency is common during clinical remission in children with IBD, even in cohorts with low prevalence of anemia. Therefore, regular biochemical screening for iron deficiency is warranted during all stages of disease, irrespective of symptoms and inflammatory blood markers.
27336004	0	15	Iron Deficiency	T047	C0240066
27336004	33	42	Remission	T033	C0544452
27336004	46	54	Children	T100	C0008059
27336004	60	86	Inflammatory Bowel Disease	T047	C0021390
27336004	102	107	study	T062	C2603343
27336004	108	118	prevalence	T081	C0683921
27336004	122	137	iron deficiency	T047	C0240066
27336004	141	149	children	T100	C0008059
27336004	155	181	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
27336004	183	186	IBD	T047	C0021390
27336004	195	204	remission	T033	C0544452
27336004	232	245	observational	T062	C1518527
27336004	246	256	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27336004	260	273	hematological	T059	C0018941
27336004	274	282	response	T032	C0871261
27336004	286	290	oral	T169	C1527415
27336004	291	295	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27336004	299	315	population-based	T062	C1709599
27336004	316	335	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27336004	349	356	Swedish	T098	C1710263
27336004	357	365	children	T100	C0008059
27336004	367	373	median	T081	C0876920
27336004	377	382	years	T079	C0439234
27336004	389	392	IBD	T047	C0021390
27336004	408	423	Patient records	T170	C0025102
27336004	435	441	median	T081	C0876920
27336004	445	451	months	T079	C0439231
27336004	453	468	Iron deficiency	T047	C0240066
27336004	490	498	children	T100	C0008059
27336004	514	525	iron status	T059	C0337439
27336004	535	543	assessed	T052	C1516048
27336004	548	556	clinical	T080	C0205210
27336004	561	572	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27336004	573	582	remission	T033	C0544452
27336004	584	599	iron deficiency	T047	C0240066
27336004	628	636	children	T100	C0008059
27336004	663	685	iron deficiency anemia	T047	C0162316
27336004	698	712	iron-deficient	T047	C0240066
27336004	713	721	children	T100	C0008059
27336004	727	737	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27336004	738	742	oral	T061	C0001563
27336004	743	763	iron supplementation	T058	C3537005
27336004	786	803	hemoglobin levels	T034	C0019029
27336004	811	817	months	T079	C0439231
27336004	834	849	iron deficiency	T047	C0240066
27336004	867	875	clinical	T080	C0205210
27336004	876	885	remission	T033	C0544452
27336004	889	897	children	T100	C0008059
27336004	903	906	IBD	T047	C0021390
27336004	916	923	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27336004	929	943	low prevalence	T081	C1518029
27336004	947	953	anemia	T047	C0002871
27336004	974	995	biochemical screening	T059	C1278201
27336004	1000	1015	iron deficiency	T047	C0240066
27336004	1040	1046	stages	T079	C1306673
27336004	1050	1057	disease	T047	C0012634
27336004	1075	1083	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27336004	1088	1100	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27336004	1101	1106	blood	T031	C0005767
27336004	1107	1114	markers	T201	C0005516

27336204|t|Chemisorption of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on Powdered Activated Carbon Initiated by Persulfate in Aqueous Solution
27336204|a|Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a perfluorocarboxylic acid that is difficult to treat by most conventional methods. As a result, it is often removed from solution by adsorption on powdered activated carbon (PAC), followed by incineration of the spent carbon. To provide a new approach for treatment, PFOA was exposed to sulfate radicals (SO4(-•)) produced by thermolysis of persulfate (S2O8(2-)) in the presence of PAC. Under acidic conditions, thermal activation of persulfate resulted in transformation of PFOA to shorter-chain-length perfluorinated compounds, as previously reported. However, when thermolysis of persulfate occurred under circumneutral pH conditions in the presence of PAC, a new removal pathway for PFOA was observed. Under these conditions, the removal of PFOA was attributable to chemisorption, a process in which PAC catalyzed persulfate decomposition and reacted with the transformation products to produce covalently bound PFOA. At PAC concentrations between 200 and 1000 mg/L and an initial PFOA concentration of 0.5 μM, covalent bonding resulted in removal of 10-40% of the PFOA. Under these conditions, the process resulted in removal of more than half of a more hydrophilic perfluoroalkyl acid (i.e., perfluorobutanoic acid, PFBA), which was greater than the amount of PFBA removed by physical adsorption on PAC. Although the high reaction temperatures (i.e., 80 °C) and relatively high doses of PAC used in this study may be impractical for drinking water treatment, this process may be applied to the treatment of these recalcitrant compounds in industrial wastewater, reverse osmosis concentrate, and other waters that contain high concentrations of PFOA and other perfluorocarboxylic acids.
27336204	0	13	Chemisorption	UnknownType	C0175801
27336204	17	39	Perfluorooctanoic Acid	T109	C0070403
27336204	43	68	Powdered Activated Carbon	T109,T121	C0001275
27336204	82	92	Persulfate	T121,T197	C2726663
27336204	96	103	Aqueous	T080	C0599956
27336204	104	112	Solution	T167	C0037633
27336204	113	135	Perfluorooctanoic acid	T109	C0070403
27336204	137	141	PFOA	T109	C0070403
27336204	148	172	perfluorocarboxylic acid	T109	C0007066
27336204	208	220	conventional	T080	C0439858
27336204	268	276	solution	T167	C0037633
27336204	280	290	adsorption	T059	C0001674
27336204	294	319	powdered activated carbon	T109,T121	C0001275
27336204	321	324	PAC	T109,T121	C0001275
27336204	339	351	incineration	T068	C0206206
27336204	365	371	carbon	T196	C0007009
27336204	403	412	treatment	T057	C0597684
27336204	414	418	PFOA	T109	C0070403
27336204	434	450	sulfate radicals	T197	C0645960
27336204	452	459	SO4(-•)	T197	C0645960
27336204	473	484	thermolysis	T070	C1254365
27336204	488	498	persulfate	T121,T197	C2726663
27336204	500	508	S2O8(2-)	T121,T197	C2726663
27336204	529	532	PAC	T109,T121	C0001275
27336204	559	566	thermal	T070	C0018837
27336204	567	577	activation	T052	C1879547
27336204	581	591	persulfate	T121,T197	C2726663
27336204	622	626	PFOA	T109	C0070403
27336204	651	675	perfluorinated compounds	T109	C0020249
27336204	715	726	thermolysis	T070	C1254365
27336204	730	740	persulfate	T121,T197	C2726663
27336204	756	783	circumneutral pH conditions	T080	C1882074
27336204	803	806	PAC	T109,T121	C0001275
27336204	814	821	removal	T052	C1883720
27336204	834	838	PFOA	T109	C0070403
27336204	881	888	removal	T052	C1883720
27336204	892	896	PFOA	T109	C0070403
27336204	917	930	chemisorption	UnknownType	C0175801
27336204	951	954	PAC	T109,T121	C0001275
27336204	955	964	catalyzed	T070	C0007382
27336204	965	975	persulfate	T121,T197	C2726663
27336204	1046	1062	covalently bound	T070	C0596391
27336204	1063	1067	PFOA	T109	C0070403
27336204	1072	1075	PAC	T109,T121	C0001275
27336204	1076	1090	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27336204	1132	1136	PFOA	T109	C0070403
27336204	1137	1150	concentration	T081	C1446561
27336204	1162	1178	covalent bonding	T070	C0596391
27336204	1191	1198	removal	T052	C1883720
27336204	1216	1220	PFOA	T109	C0070403
27336204	1270	1277	removal	T052	C1883720
27336204	1318	1337	perfluoroalkyl acid	T103	C0001128
27336204	1345	1367	perfluorobutanoic acid	T109,T121	C0070394
27336204	1369	1373	PFBA	T109,T121	C0070394
27336204	1413	1417	PFBA	T109,T121	C0070394
27336204	1438	1448	adsorption	T059	C0001674
27336204	1452	1455	PAC	T109,T121	C0001275
27336204	1470	1474	high	T080	C0205250
27336204	1475	1483	reaction	T067	C0596319
27336204	1484	1496	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27336204	1540	1543	PAC	T109,T121	C0001275
27336204	1586	1600	drinking water	T167	C0599638
27336204	1601	1610	treatment	T057	C0597684
27336204	1647	1656	treatment	T057	C0597684
27336204	1692	1702	industrial	T057	C0021267
27336204	1703	1713	wastewater	T069	C3494254
27336204	1715	1730	reverse osmosis	T067	C0678629
27336204	1731	1742	concentrate	T052	C2003864
27336204	1754	1760	waters	T121,T197	C0043047
27336204	1779	1793	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27336204	1797	1801	PFOA	T109	C0070403
27336204	1812	1837	perfluorocarboxylic acids	T109	C0007066

27336239|t|Professional reinventions: Swedish psychologists, 1990-2010
27336239|a|Since the early 20th century, the Swedish psychology profession has undergone several changes in its essential tasks, epistemological foundations, and social roles. These changes occurred through an ongoing "tuning" with Swedish society, in which the profession strove to appear relevant to society's concerns and problems as well as enroll others to share the profession's goals and aims. Studying the history of the profession can thus shed light on the changing definitions and contours of the psychology profession itself as well as on the organization of the society in which it acts. This article examines the history of the Swedish psychology profession from 1990 to 2010, through an analysis of the discussions and debates taking place in the Swedish Psychological Association's journal. The analytical framework used draws on work done within actor-network theory and science studies. We argue that the profession's institutional connections, defining tasks, epistemological underpinnings, and social position have changed in major ways during these 2 decades. Overall, as a result of an increasingly felt insecurity, the profession has turned outward and tried to find new ways to legitimize itself to politicians, the media, patients, and customers through means such as a more economized vocabulary and novel forms of empirical research. These changes have led to a more socialized profession, now more closely tuned to other actors in Swedish society, leading to conflicts within the profession over whether this is an opportunity to better control their own destiny or if it will lead to a loss of autonomy. (PsycINFO Database Record
27336239	0	25	Professional reinventions	T170	C0282574
27336239	27	34	Swedish	T098	C1710263
27336239	35	48	psychologists	T097	C0033908
27336239	76	88	20th century	T079	C0681748
27336239	94	101	Swedish	T098	C1710263
27336239	102	123	psychology profession	T091	C0033909
27336239	146	153	changes	T169	C0392747
27336239	161	176	essential tasks	T052	C0441655
27336239	178	205	epistemological foundations	T170	C0376553
27336239	211	223	social roles	T054	C0035820
27336239	231	238	changes	T169	C0392747
27336239	239	247	occurred	T052	C1709305
27336239	281	288	Swedish	T098	C1710263
27336239	289	296	society	T092	C0037455
27336239	311	321	profession	T090	C0028811
27336239	351	360	society's	T092	C0037455
27336239	361	369	concerns	T078	C2699424
27336239	374	382	problems	T033	C0033213
27336239	421	433	profession's	T090	C0028811
27336239	434	439	goals	T170	C0018017
27336239	444	448	aims	T078	C1947946
27336239	463	470	history	T169	C0019665
27336239	478	488	profession	T090	C0028811
27336239	516	524	changing	T169	C0392747
27336239	525	536	definitions	T170	C1704788
27336239	541	549	contours	T082	C0876954
27336239	557	578	psychology profession	T091	C0033909
27336239	604	616	organization	T169	C1300196
27336239	624	631	society	T092	C0037455
27336239	655	662	article	T170	C1706852
27336239	676	683	history	T169	C0019665
27336239	691	698	Swedish	T098	C1710263
27336239	699	720	psychology profession	T091	C0033909
27336239	751	759	analysis	T062	C0936012
27336239	767	778	discussions	T054	C2584313
27336239	783	790	debates	T052	C0870392
27336239	811	818	Swedish	T098	C1710263
27336239	819	854	Psychological Association's journal	T073,T170	C0162443
27336239	860	880	analytical framework	T077	C1254372
27336239	912	932	actor-network theory	T170	C0683613
27336239	937	952	science studies	T062	C0242481
27336239	972	984	profession's	T090	C0028811
27336239	985	1010	institutional connections	T080	C0439849
27336239	1021	1026	tasks	T052	C0441655
27336239	1028	1043	epistemological	T170	C0376553
27336239	1044	1057	underpinnings	T078	C1254370
27336239	1063	1078	social position	UnknownType	C0680375
27336239	1084	1091	changed	T169	C0392747
27336239	1121	1128	decades	T081	C2981279
27336239	1175	1185	insecurity	T041	C0233497
27336239	1191	1201	profession	T090	C0028811
27336239	1251	1261	legitimize	T169	C1552821
27336239	1272	1283	politicians	T097	C0682232
27336239	1289	1294	media	T170	C0009458
27336239	1296	1304	patients	T101	C0030705
27336239	1310	1319	customers	T077	C2981734
27336239	1349	1359	economized	T169	C0013557
27336239	1360	1370	vocabulary	T170	C0042926
27336239	1375	1380	novel	T080	C0205314
27336239	1390	1408	empirical research	T062	C0376367
27336239	1416	1423	changes	T169	C0392747
27336239	1443	1453	socialized	T054	C2371613
27336239	1454	1464	profession	T090	C0028811
27336239	1498	1504	actors	T097	C0335083
27336239	1508	1515	Swedish	T098	C1710263
27336239	1516	1523	society	T092	C0037455
27336239	1536	1545	conflicts	T080	C1705242
27336239	1557	1567	profession	T090	C0028811
27336239	1614	1621	control	T080	C0243148
27336239	1664	1680	loss of autonomy	T033	C4061233
27336239	1683	1707	PsycINFO Database Record	T170	C0242356

27336882|t|Clinical manifestations, course, and outcome of patients with neutralizing anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies and disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections
27336882|a|Neutralizing anti-interferon-γ autoantibody (nAIGA)-associated immunodeficiency is an emerging medical issue worldwide. In the present study, we describe and discuss the clinical features and outcomes of patients with nAIGAs and disseminated infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (dNTM).We thoroughly reviewed the medical records of all patients. Microorganisms and nAIGAs were identified using previously described methods with modifications. All data were calculated and analyzed using SPSS software .Among 46 adult patients with dNTM infections, we identified 45 cases (97.8%) with nAIGAs. The average patient age was 58.6 years, and there was no sex predominance. Cervical lymphadenitis (81.8%) was the most common clinical manifestation. Endocrine disorder was the leading comorbidity (7 cases). Malignancies were found in 4 patients, and all of the malignancies originated from the T-cell / macrophage lineage. More than half of the identifiable isolates were slow-growing NTMs. Twenty-eight (62.2%) and 18 (40.0%) patients had a history of zoster and salmonellosis, respectively. A high proportion of patients with recurrent episodes of NTM infection or a history of zoster and dNTM infection had initial nAIGA titers ≥10 dilution (P < 0.05). Twenty-seven patients (60.0%) required long-term antimycobacterial therapy and had at least 1 episode of recurrent NTM disease. No mortality was related to dNTM infection .In Taiwan, nAIGAs are a recently recognized mechanism of dNTM infection. Long term of antibiotic treatment and adherence to medical advice are necessary to improve the clinical outcome of patients with nAIGAs.
27336882	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27336882	9	23	manifestations	T169	C0205319
27336882	25	31	course	T079	C0750729
27336882	37	56	outcome of patients	T078	C1547647
27336882	62	107	neutralizing anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
27336882	112	124	disseminated	T082	C0205221
27336882	125	153	nontuberculous mycobacterial	T007	C1265234
27336882	154	164	infections	T046	C3714514
27336882	165	208	Neutralizing anti-interferon-γ autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
27336882	210	215	nAIGA	T116,T129	C0004358
27336882	228	244	immunodeficiency	T047	C0021051
27336882	260	273	medical issue	T058	C0199168
27336882	274	283	worldwide	T078	C0043236
27336882	300	305	study	T062	C2603343
27336882	335	352	clinical features	T033	C3810252
27336882	357	365	outcomes	T033	C1333602
27336882	369	377	patients	T101	C0030705
27336882	383	389	nAIGAs	T116,T129	C0004358
27336882	394	406	disseminated	T082	C0205221
27336882	407	417	infections	T046	C3714514
27336882	421	448	nontuberculous mycobacteria	T007	C1265234
27336882	450	454	dNTM	T007	C1265234
27336882	483	498	medical records	T201	C0551625
27336882	506	514	patients	T101	C0030705
27336882	516	530	Microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27336882	535	541	nAIGAs	T116,T129	C0004358
27336882	547	557	identified	T080	C0205396
27336882	575	584	described	T078	C1552738
27336882	642	650	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27336882	657	670	SPSS software	T170	C0037589
27336882	687	695	patients	T101	C0030705
27336882	701	705	dNTM	T007	C1265234
27336882	706	716	infections	T046	C3714514
27336882	721	731	identified	T080	C0205396
27336882	754	760	nAIGAs	T116,T129	C0004358
27336882	774	781	patient	T101	C0030705
27336882	816	818	no	T033	C1513916
27336882	819	822	sex	T032	C1522384
27336882	823	835	predominance	T033	C0243095
27336882	837	859	Cervical lymphadenitis	T047	C0149642
27336882	888	896	clinical	T080	C0205210
27336882	897	910	manifestation	T169	C0205319
27336882	912	930	Endocrine disorder	T047	C0014130
27336882	947	958	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27336882	970	982	Malignancies	T191	C4282132
27336882	999	1007	patients	T101	C0030705
27336882	1024	1036	malignancies	T191	C4282132
27336882	1057	1063	T-cell	T025	C0039194
27336882	1066	1076	macrophage	T025	C0024432
27336882	1077	1084	lineage	T078	C0282637
27336882	1121	1129	isolates	T123	C1764827
27336882	1135	1147	slow-growing	T033	C4086857
27336882	1148	1152	NTMs	T007	C1265234
27336882	1190	1198	patients	T101	C0030705
27336882	1216	1222	zoster	T047	C0019360
27336882	1227	1240	salmonellosis	T047	C0036117
27336882	1263	1273	proportion	T081	C1709707
27336882	1277	1285	patients	T101	C0030705
27336882	1291	1300	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27336882	1313	1316	NTM	T007	C1265234
27336882	1317	1326	infection	T046	C3714514
27336882	1343	1349	zoster	T047	C0019360
27336882	1354	1358	dNTM	T007	C1265234
27336882	1359	1368	infection	T046	C3714514
27336882	1381	1393	nAIGA titers	T059	C0474521
27336882	1432	1440	patients	T101	C0030705
27336882	1468	1485	antimycobacterial	T121	C0360390
27336882	1486	1493	therapy	T061	C0087111
27336882	1524	1533	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27336882	1534	1537	NTM	T007	C1265234
27336882	1538	1545	disease	T047	C0012634
27336882	1575	1579	dNTM	T007	C1265234
27336882	1580	1589	infection	T046	C3714514
27336882	1594	1600	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27336882	1602	1608	nAIGAs	T116,T129	C0004358
27336882	1635	1644	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27336882	1648	1652	dNTM	T007	C1265234
27336882	1653	1662	infection	T046	C3714514
27336882	1677	1697	antibiotic treatment	T061	C0338237
27336882	1702	1711	adherence	T169	C1510802
27336882	1715	1729	medical advice	T033	C1386497
27336882	1759	1767	clinical	T080	C0205210
27336882	1768	1787	outcome of patients	T078	C1547647
27336882	1793	1799	nAIGAs	T116,T129	C0004358

27336997|t|Strategies for Successful Clinical Teaching
27336997|a|This article is one in a series on the roles of adjunct clinical faculty and preceptors, who teach nursing students and new graduates to apply knowledge in clinical settings. This article describes teaching strategies as well as the importance of the learning environment.
27336997	0	10	Strategies	T065	C0683852
27336997	15	25	Successful	T080	C1272703
27336997	26	34	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27336997	35	43	Teaching	T065	C0220924
27336997	49	56	article	T170	C1706852
27336997	83	88	roles	T077	C1705810
27336997	92	116	adjunct clinical faculty	T097	C0015538
27336997	121	131	preceptors	T097	C0221457
27336997	137	142	teach	T065	C0039401
27336997	143	159	nursing students	T097	C0038496
27336997	164	167	new	T080	C0205314
27336997	168	177	graduates	T098	C0588053
27336997	181	186	apply	T169	C4048755
27336997	187	196	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27336997	200	217	clinical settings	T082	C3176918
27336997	224	231	article	T170	C1706852
27336997	242	261	teaching strategies	T065	C0683852
27336997	295	315	learning environment	T082	C1510556

27337055|t|Personally Meaningful Rituals: A Way to Increase Compassion and Decrease Burnout among Hospice Staff and Volunteers
27337055|a|Rituals can increase a sense of connectedness, meaning, and support, especially after the death of those for whom we care. Hospice staff may benefit from the use of personal rituals as they cope with the frequent deaths of their patients, ultimately aiming to provide compassionate care while minimizing burnout. This study investigated the role of personally meaningful rituals in increasing compassion and decreasing burnout among hospice staff and volunteers. An online survey was completed by members of the National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO) which inquired about personal ritual practices, and included the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale to measure current levels of Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Secondary Traumatic Stress. Three hundred ninety hospice staff and volunteers from across 38 states completed the online survey. The majority of participants were Caucasian and female, with an average of nine years of experience in hospice and palliative care. The majority of hospice staff and volunteers used personally meaningful rituals after the death of their patients to help them cope (71%). Those who used rituals demonstrated significantly higher Compassion Satisfaction and significantly lower Burnout as measured by the ProQOL, with professional support, social support, and age playing significant roles as well. Rituals may be an important way to increase compassion and decrease burnout among hospice staff and volunteers. Organizations may benefit from providing training and support for personalized rituals among team members, especially new staff who may be at greater risk for burnout.
27337055	0	29	Personally Meaningful Rituals	T053	C2945764
27337055	40	48	Increase	T169	C0442805
27337055	49	59	Compassion	T054	C0242270
27337055	64	72	Decrease	T081	C0547047
27337055	73	80	Burnout	T033	C0476644
27337055	87	94	Hospice	T058	C0085555
27337055	95	100	Staff	T097	C0851286
27337055	105	115	Volunteers	T098	C3661466
27337055	116	123	Rituals	T053	C2945764
27337055	128	136	increase	T169	C0442805
27337055	139	161	sense of connectedness	UnknownType	C0814552
27337055	163	170	meaning	T078	C0876919
27337055	176	183	support	T054	C0037438
27337055	206	211	death	T040	C0011065
27337055	239	246	Hospice	T058	C0085555
27337055	247	252	staff	T097	C1547600
27337055	281	297	personal rituals	T053	C2945764
27337055	306	315	cope with	T055	C0009967
27337055	320	335	frequent deaths	T081	C0205848
27337055	345	353	patients	T101	C0030705
27337055	384	402	compassionate care	T052	C1947933
27337055	420	427	burnout	T033	C0476644
27337055	465	494	personally meaningful rituals	T053	C2945764
27337055	498	508	increasing	T169	C0442805
27337055	509	519	compassion	T054	C0242270
27337055	524	534	decreasing	T080	C0392756
27337055	535	542	burnout	T033	C0476644
27337055	549	556	hospice	T058	C0085555
27337055	557	562	staff	T097	C1547600
27337055	567	577	volunteers	T098	C3661466
27337055	582	595	online survey	T170	C0038951
27337055	628	677	National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization	T073,T093	C4035207
27337055	637	644	Hospice	T058	C0085555
27337055	679	684	NHPCO	T073,T093	C4035207
27337055	707	722	personal ritual	T053	C2945764
27337055	751	794	Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale	T170	C0451401
27337055	781	787	ProQOL	T170	C0451401
27337055	824	834	Compassion	T054	C0242270
27337055	835	847	Satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27337055	849	856	Burnout	T033	C0476644
27337055	862	888	Secondary Traumatic Stress	T048	C4042834
27337055	911	918	hospice	T058	C0085555
27337055	919	924	staff	T097	C1547600
27337055	929	939	volunteers	T098	C3661466
27337055	955	961	states	T083	C1301808
27337055	976	989	online survey	T170	C0038951
27337055	1007	1019	participants	T098	C0679646
27337055	1025	1034	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27337055	1039	1045	female	T032	C0086287
27337055	1094	1101	hospice	T058	C0085555
27337055	1094	1121	hospice and palliative care	T073,T093	C4035207
27337055	1139	1146	hospice	T058	C0085555
27337055	1147	1152	staff	T097	C1547600
27337055	1157	1167	volunteers	T098	C3661466
27337055	1195	1202	rituals	T053	C2945764
27337055	1213	1218	death	T040	C0011065
27337055	1228	1236	patients	T101	C0030705
27337055	1250	1254	cope	T055	C0009967
27337055	1277	1284	rituals	T053	C2945764
27337055	1319	1329	Compassion	T054	C0242270
27337055	1330	1342	Satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27337055	1367	1374	Burnout	T033	C0476644
27337055	1394	1400	ProQOL	T170	C0451401
27337055	1407	1427	professional support	T033	C1822039
27337055	1429	1443	social support	T054	C0037438
27337055	1449	1452	age	T032	C0001779
27337055	1461	1478	significant roles	T033	C0243095
27337055	1488	1495	Rituals	T053	C2945764
27337055	1523	1531	increase	T169	C0442805
27337055	1532	1542	compassion	T054	C0242270
27337055	1547	1555	decrease	T081	C0547047
27337055	1556	1563	burnout	T033	C0476644
27337055	1570	1577	hospice	T058	C0085555
27337055	1578	1583	staff	T097	C1547600
27337055	1588	1598	volunteers	T098	C3661466
27337055	1600	1613	Organizations	T073,T093	C4035207
27337055	1641	1661	training and support	T065	C0040607
27337055	1666	1686	personalized rituals	T053	C2945764
27337055	1718	1727	new staff	T097	C1547600
27337055	1739	1754	at greater risk	T080	C1444641
27337055	1759	1766	burnout	T033	C0476644

27337390|t|Learned helplessness at fifty: Insights from neuroscience
27337390|a|Learned helplessness, the failure to escape shock induced by uncontrollable aversive events, was discovered half a century ago. Seligman and Maier (1967) theorized that animals learned that outcomes were independent of their responses -that nothing they did mattered-and that this learning undermined trying to escape. The mechanism of learned helplessness is now very well-charted biologically, and the original theory got it backward. Passivity in response to shock is not learned. It is the default, unlearned response to prolonged aversive events and it is mediated by the serotonergic activity of the dorsal raphe nucleus, which in turn inhibits escape. This passivity can be overcome by learning control, with the activity of the medial prefrontal cortex, which subserves the detection of control leading to the automatic inhibition of the dorsal raphe nucleus. So animals learn that they can control aversive events, but the passive failure to learn to escape is an unlearned reaction to prolonged aversive stimulation. In addition, alterations of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex - dorsal raphe pathway can come to subserve the expectation of control. We speculate that default passivity and the compensating detection and expectation of control may have substantial implications for how to treat depression. (PsycINFO Database Record
27337390	0	20	Learned helplessness	T041	C0018897
27337390	31	39	Insights	T041	C0233820
27337390	45	57	neuroscience	T091	C0027910
27337390	58	78	Learned helplessness	T041	C0018897
27337390	84	91	failure	T169	C0231174
27337390	95	101	escape	T041	C0870509
27337390	102	107	shock	T046	C0036974
27337390	108	115	induced	T169	C0205263
27337390	134	149	aversive events	T169	C1510994
27337390	186	204	Seligman and Maier	T016	C0086418
27337390	212	221	theorized	T078	C0871935
27337390	227	234	animals	T008	C0003062
27337390	235	242	learned	T041	C0023185
27337390	248	256	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27337390	262	276	independent of	T169	C0332291
27337390	283	292	responses	T032	C0871261
27337390	339	347	learning	T041	C0023185
27337390	369	375	escape	T041	C0870509
27337390	394	414	learned helplessness	T041	C0018897
27337390	427	452	well-charted biologically	T080	C0205460
27337390	471	477	theory	T078	C0871935
27337390	495	504	Passivity	T055	C0679170
27337390	508	516	response	T032	C0871261
27337390	520	525	shock	T046	C0036974
27337390	533	540	learned	T041	C0023185
27337390	571	579	response	T032	C0871261
27337390	583	592	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27337390	593	608	aversive events	T169	C1510994
27337390	635	656	serotonergic activity	T044	C1148560
27337390	664	684	dorsal raphe nucleus	T023	C0175392
27337390	700	708	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27337390	709	715	escape	T041	C0870509
27337390	722	731	passivity	T055	C0679170
27337390	751	759	learning	T041	C0023185
27337390	760	767	control	T080	C0243148
27337390	794	818	medial prefrontal cortex	T023	C3498368
27337390	840	849	detection	T033	C0442726
27337390	853	860	control	T080	C0243148
27337390	876	885	automatic	T169	C0205554
27337390	886	896	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27337390	904	924	dorsal raphe nucleus	T023	C0175392
27337390	929	936	animals	T008	C0003062
27337390	937	942	learn	T041	C0023185
27337390	957	964	control	T080	C0243148
27337390	965	980	aversive events	T169	C1510994
27337390	990	997	passive	T080	C3686820
27337390	998	1005	failure	T169	C0231174
27337390	1009	1014	learn	T041	C0023185
27337390	1018	1024	escape	T041	C0870509
27337390	1041	1049	reaction	T169	C0443286
27337390	1053	1062	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27337390	1063	1083	aversive stimulation	T061	C0870183
27337390	1098	1109	alterations	T078	C1515926
27337390	1117	1147	ventromedial prefrontal cortex	T023	C3850122
27337390	1150	1162	dorsal raphe	T023	C0175392
27337390	1163	1170	pathway	T077	C1705987
27337390	1196	1207	expectation	T078	C0679138
27337390	1211	1218	control	T080	C0243148
27337390	1246	1255	passivity	T055	C0679170
27337390	1264	1276	compensating	T080	C0205432
27337390	1277	1286	detection	T033	C0442726
27337390	1291	1302	expectation	T078	C0679138
27337390	1306	1313	control	T080	C0243148
27337390	1359	1364	treat	T169	C1292734
27337390	1365	1375	depression	T048	C0011570

27337704|t|STRANGULATION -INDUCED CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
27337704|a|To describe a patient with central retinal artery occlusion following an episode of mechanical strangulation. A retrospective case report. An 83- year-old man presented with acute vision loss in his right eye after a strangling episode. Multimodal clinical imaging was performed. Visual acuity in the affected right eye was no light perception. Examination revealed optic nerve edema and optic nerve pallor and also severe vascular attenuation and a cherry-red spot in the macula. Mechanical disruption of carotid plaque can lead to occlusion of the central retinal artery, which may portend a dismal visual prognosis.
27337704	0	13	STRANGULATION	T169	C1306866
27337704	23	55	CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION	T047	C0007688
27337704	57	68	CASE REPORT	T170	C0085973
27337704	73	97	REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE	T170	C0282441
27337704	112	119	patient	T101	C0030705
27337704	125	157	central retinal artery occlusion	T047	C0007688
27337704	193	206	strangulation	T169	C1306866
27337704	210	223	retrospective	T062	C0035363
27337704	224	235	case report	T170	C0085973
27337704	244	252	year-old	T100	C0596728
27337704	253	256	man	T098	C0025266
27337704	272	289	acute vision loss	T184	C0155002
27337704	297	306	right eye	T023	C0229089
27337704	315	325	strangling	T169	C1306866
27337704	335	362	Multimodal clinical imaging	T060	C1513743
27337704	378	391	Visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27337704	399	407	affected	T169	C0392760
27337704	408	417	right eye	T023	C0229089
27337704	422	441	no light perception	T034	C0442774
27337704	443	454	Examination	T058	C0582103
27337704	455	463	revealed	T080	C0443289
27337704	464	481	optic nerve edema	T047	C0858613
27337704	486	504	optic nerve pallor	T184	C1608971
27337704	521	541	vascular attenuation	T033	C4231158
27337704	548	563	cherry-red spot	T184	C0278234
27337704	571	577	macula	T023	C0450295
27337704	579	600	Mechanical disruption	T061	C3179075
27337704	604	618	carotid plaque	T020	C0751633
27337704	631	670	occlusion of the central retinal artery	T047	C0007688
27337704	692	698	dismal	T033	C3842454
27337704	699	705	visual	T169	C0234621
27337704	706	715	prognosis	T201	C0420834

27337992|t|Glomerulonephritis With Masked Monotypic Immunoglobulin Deposits and Concurrent Lymphomatous Infiltration
27337992|a|Kidney injury can be a complication of hematopoietic neoplasia by both direct and indirect mechanisms. Virtually all lymphomas and plasma cell dyscrasias can show kidney involvement, including parenchymal infiltration and by secondary injury. Recently, a unique form of glomerulonephritis with masked monotypic immunoglobulin deposits has been reported, which shows frequent association with hematopoietic neoplasia and a propensity for progressive kidney disease. In many instances, these cases are likely diagnosed as glomerulonephritis with dominant C3 due to the absence of immunoglobulin staining by routine immunofluorescence microscopy. The patient reported here showed lymphomatous infiltration on kidney biopsy and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with dominant staining for C3 without immunoglobulins on initial immunofluorescence; however, monotypic immunoglobulin G κ light chain was revealed after additional immunofluorescence staining was performed on the paraffin-embedded tissue. This patient's case highlights the evolving state of kidney biopsy interpretation and the expanding spectrum of kidney disease in the setting of hematopoietic neoplasia.
27337992	0	18	Glomerulonephritis	T047	C0017658
27337992	31	64	Monotypic Immunoglobulin Deposits	T046	C0333585
27337992	69	79	Concurrent	T079	C0205420
27337992	80	105	Lymphomatous Infiltration	T191	C2960101
27337992	106	119	Kidney injury	T037	C0160420
27337992	129	141	complication	T046	C0009566
27337992	145	168	hematopoietic neoplasia	T191	C0376544
27337992	177	183	direct	T080	C1947931
27337992	188	196	indirect	T080	C0439852
27337992	197	207	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27337992	223	232	lymphomas	T191	C0024299
27337992	237	259	plasma cell dyscrasias	T047	C1136084
27337992	269	275	kidney	T023	C0022646
27337992	276	287	involvement	T169	C1314939
27337992	299	310	parenchymal	T023	C0227628
27337992	299	323	parenchymal infiltration	T046	C0332448
27337992	341	347	injury	T037	C0043251
27337992	376	394	glomerulonephritis	T047	C0017658
27337992	407	440	monotypic immunoglobulin deposits	T046	C0333585
27337992	498	521	hematopoietic neoplasia	T191	C0376544
27337992	543	554	progressive	T169	C0205329
27337992	555	569	kidney disease	T047	C0022658
27337992	613	622	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27337992	626	644	glomerulonephritis	T047	C0017658
27337992	650	658	dominant	T169	C1527180
27337992	659	661	C3	T047	C4087273
27337992	684	698	immunoglobulin	T116,T129	C0021027
27337992	684	707	immunoglobulin staining	T033	C1704680
27337992	719	748	immunofluorescence microscopy	T059	C0079604
27337992	754	761	patient	T101	C0030705
27337992	783	808	lymphomatous infiltration	T191	C2960101
27337992	812	825	kidney biopsy	T060	C0194073
27337992	830	872	mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis	T047	C0221238
27337992	878	886	dominant	T169	C1527180
27337992	887	895	staining	T033	C1704680
27337992	900	902	C3	T047	C4087273
27337992	911	926	immunoglobulins	T116,T129	C0021027
27337992	938	956	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079604
27337992	967	995	monotypic immunoglobulin G κ	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27337992	996	1007	light chain	T116,T129	C0021036
27337992	1038	1065	immunofluorescence staining	T059	C0079604
27337992	1087	1111	paraffin-embedded tissue	T024	C1519524
27337992	1118	1127	patient's	T101	C0030705
27337992	1166	1179	kidney biopsy	T060	C0194073
27337992	1225	1239	kidney disease	T047	C0022658
27337992	1258	1281	hematopoietic neoplasia	T191	C0376544

27338295|t|Does genistein lower plasma lipids and homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women? A meta-analysis
27338295|a|To perform a meta-analysis examining the effects of genistein on homocysteine and lipid levels in postmenopausal women. We systematically searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases and the ClinicalTrials.gov website for studies. We performed a meta-analysis using weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals in a random-effects model. We assessed between- study heterogeneity using the Cochran's Q and I(2) statistics. Eight randomized, controlled trials with a total of 476 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebos, genistein was effective in reducing plasma levels of homocysteine (WMD, -0.58 μmol/l; p = 0.001), and increasing high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (WMD, 4.9 mg/dl; p = 0.0002). Subgroup analyses revealed that genistein significantly decreased the levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (WMD, -16.90 mg/dl; p = 0.01), total cholesterol (WMD, -15.83 mg/dl; p = 0.008), and triglycerides (WMD, -46.58 mg/dl; p = 0.03) in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome, but had no significant effects in those with no metabolic syndrome. Our meta-analysis demonstrates that genistein significantly reduces homocysteine levels and increases HDL cholesterol levels in postmenopausal women. Genistein also significantly decreases LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome.
27338295	5	14	genistein	T109,T121,T123	C0061202
27338295	21	34	plasma lipids	T059	C0022885
27338295	39	58	homocysteine levels	T059	C1278166
27338295	62	76	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
27338295	77	82	women	T098	C0043210
27338295	86	99	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27338295	103	110	perform	T169	C0884358
27338295	113	126	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27338295	127	136	examining	T033	C0332128
27338295	141	148	effects	T080	C1280500
27338295	152	161	genistein	T109,T121,T123	C0061202
27338295	182	194	lipid levels	T059	C0022885
27338295	198	212	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
27338295	213	218	women	T098	C0043210
27338295	223	246	systematically searched	T052	C1706202
27338295	251	257	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27338295	259	266	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
27338295	272	298	Cochrane Library databases	T170	C0242356
27338295	307	333	ClinicalTrials.gov website	T170	C4086204
27338295	338	345	studies	T062	C2603343
27338295	362	375	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27338295	382	407	weighted mean differences	T081	C0392762
27338295	409	412	WMD	T081	C0392762
27338295	422	442	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27338295	448	468	random-effects model	T081	C0392762
27338295	473	481	assessed	T052	C1516048
27338295	491	496	study	T062	C2603343
27338295	497	510	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27338295	521	532	Cochran's Q	T081,T170	C0870298
27338295	537	552	I(2) statistics	T081	C0392762
27338295	560	589	randomized, controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27338295	640	653	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27338295	669	677	placebos	T061	C0032042
27338295	679	688	genistein	T109,T121,T123	C0061202
27338295	693	702	effective	T080	C1280519
27338295	715	721	plasma	T031	C0032105
27338295	732	744	homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
27338295	746	749	WMD	T081	C0392762
27338295	792	834	high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
27338295	818	821	HDL	T109,T123	C0023822
27338295	843	846	WMD	T081	C0392762
27338295	872	889	Subgroup analyses	T062	C0242481
27338295	904	913	genistein	T109,T121,T123	C0061202
27338295	952	993	low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27338295	977	980	LDL	T109,T123	C0023824
27338295	995	998	WMD	T081	C0392762
27338295	1025	1042	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
27338295	1044	1047	WMD	T081	C0392762
27338295	1079	1092	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
27338295	1094	1097	WMD	T081	C0392762
27338295	1126	1140	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
27338295	1141	1146	women	T098	C0043210
27338295	1152	1170	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0025517
27338295	1217	1238	no metabolic syndrome	T047	C0025517
27338295	1244	1257	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27338295	1276	1285	genistein	T109,T121,T123	C0061202
27338295	1308	1327	homocysteine levels	T059	C1278166
27338295	1342	1364	HDL cholesterol levels	T059	C1278148
27338295	1368	1382	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
27338295	1383	1388	women	T098	C0043210
27338295	1390	1399	Genistein	T109,T121,T123	C0061202
27338295	1429	1444	LDL cholesterol	T059	C1278149
27338295	1446	1463	total cholesterol	T059	C1272107
27338295	1468	1487	triglyceride levels	T059	C0583329
27338295	1491	1505	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
27338295	1506	1511	women	T098	C0043210
27338295	1517	1535	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0025517

27338347|t|Neonatal Heart -Enriched miR-708 Promotes Differentiation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Rats
27338347|a|Cardiovascular disease is becoming the leading cause of death throughout the world. However, adult hearts have limited potential for regeneration after pathological injury, partly due to the quiescent status of stem / progenitor cells. Reactivation of cardiac stem / progenitor cells to create more myocyte progeny is one of the key steps in the regeneration of a damaged heart. In this study, miR-708 was identified to be enriched in the neonatal cardiomyocytes of rats, but this has not yet been proven in adult humans. A lower level of miR-708 in c-kit(+) stem / progenitor cells was detected compared to non-progenitors. Overexpression of miR-708 induced cardiomyocyte differentiation of cardiac stem / progenitor cells. This finding strengthened the potential of applying miRNAs in the regeneration of injured hearts, and this indicates that miR-708 could be a novel candidate for treatment of heart diseases.
27338347	0	14	Neonatal Heart	T046	C1533637
27338347	25	32	miR-708	T114,T123	C1101610
27338347	42	57	Differentiation	T043	C0007589
27338347	61	85	Cardiac Progenitor Cells	T025	C4084729
27338347	89	93	Rats	T015	C0034693
27338347	94	116	Cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27338347	141	155	cause of death	T033	C0007465
27338347	171	176	world	T098	C2700280
27338347	187	192	adult	T100	C0001675
27338347	193	199	hearts	T023	C0018787
27338347	227	239	regeneration	T042	C0034963
27338347	246	258	pathological	T169	C1521733
27338347	259	265	injury	T037	C3263723
27338347	305	309	stem	T025	C4084729
27338347	312	328	progenitor cells	T025	C0038250
27338347	330	342	Reactivation	T052	C4086768
27338347	346	358	cardiac stem	T025	C4084729
27338347	361	377	progenitor cells	T025	C0038250
27338347	393	400	myocyte	T025	C0596981
27338347	401	408	progeny	T025	C0038250
27338347	440	452	regeneration	T042	C0034963
27338347	458	465	damaged	T169	C1883709
27338347	466	471	heart	T023	C0018787
27338347	488	495	miR-708	T114,T123	C1101610
27338347	533	541	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27338347	542	556	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27338347	560	564	rats	T015	C0034693
27338347	602	607	adult	T100	C0001675
27338347	608	614	humans	T016	C0086418
27338347	633	640	miR-708	T114,T123	C1101610
27338347	644	652	c-kit(+)	T028	C1416655
27338347	653	657	stem	T025	C4084729
27338347	660	676	progenitor cells	T025	C0038250
27338347	702	717	non-progenitors	T025	C0007634
27338347	719	733	Overexpression	T045	C1514559
27338347	737	744	miR-708	T028	C2239706
27338347	753	766	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27338347	786	798	cardiac stem	T025	C4084729
27338347	801	817	progenitor cells	T025	C0038250
27338347	871	877	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27338347	885	897	regeneration	T042	C0034963
27338347	901	908	injured	T169	C0332664
27338347	909	915	hearts	T023	C0018787
27338347	941	948	miR-708	T114,T123	C1101610
27338347	980	989	treatment	T061	C0087111
27338347	993	1007	heart diseases	T047	C0018799

27338437|t|Coarse Fraction Particle Matter and Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Non - Asthmatic Children
27338437|a|Coarse particle matter, PMcoarse, is associated with increased respiratory morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between short-term changes in PMcoarse and sub-clininal airway inflammation in children. Healthy children aged 11 years from two northern Swedish elementary schools underwent fraction of exhaled nitrogen oxide (FENO) measurements to determine levels of airway inflammation twice weekly during the study period from 11 April-6 June 2011. Daily exposure to PMcoarse, PM2.5, NO₂, NOx, NO and O₃ and birch pollen was estimated. Multiple linear regression was used. Personal covariates were included as fixed effects and subjects were included as a random effect. In total, 95 children participated in the study, and in all 493 FENO measurements were made. The mean level of PMcoarse was 16.1 μg/m³ (range 4.1-42.3), and that of O₃ was 75.0 μg/m³ (range: 51.3-106.3). That of NO₂ was 17.0 μg/m³ (range: 4.7-31.3), NOx was 82.1 μg/m³ (range: 13.3-165.3), and NO was 65 μg/m³ (range: 8.7-138.4) during the study period. In multi-pollutant models an interquartile range increase in 24 h PMcoarse was associated with increases in FENO by between 6.9 ppb (95% confidence interval 0.0-14) and 7.3 ppb (95% confidence interval 0.4-14.9). PMcoarse was associated with an increase in FENO, indicating sub-clinical airway inflammation in healthy children.
27338437	0	6	Coarse	T080	C0205194
27338437	7	15	Fraction	T081	C1264633
27338437	16	31	Particle Matter	T167	C1720884
27338437	36	43	Exhaled	T040	C0231800
27338437	44	56	Nitric Oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27338437	60	63	Non	T033	C1513916
27338437	66	75	Asthmatic	T047	C0004096
27338437	76	84	Children	T100	C0008059
27338437	85	91	Coarse	T080	C0205194
27338437	92	107	particle matter	T167	C1720884
27338437	109	117	PMcoarse	T167	C1720884
27338437	138	147	increased	T081	C0205217
27338437	148	169	respiratory morbidity	T047	C1301752
27338437	174	183	mortality	T081	C0008083
27338437	201	206	study	T062	C2603343
27338437	250	260	short-term	T079	C0443303
27338437	261	268	changes	T169	C0392747
27338437	272	280	PMcoarse	T167	C1720884
27338437	285	297	sub-clininal	T080	C0205211
27338437	298	304	airway	T023	C0458827
27338437	305	317	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27338437	321	329	children	T100	C0008059
27338437	331	347	Healthy children	T033	C0686744
27338437	348	352	aged	T032	C0001779
27338437	356	361	years	T079	C0439234
27338437	371	387	northern Swedish	T083	C0038995
27338437	388	406	elementary schools	T073,T092	C0596497
27338437	417	428	fraction of	T081	C1264633
27338437	429	436	exhaled	T040	C0231800
27338437	437	451	nitrogen oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27338437	453	457	FENO	T081	C0392762
27338437	459	471	measurements	T169	C0242485
27338437	485	491	levels	T080	C0441889
27338437	495	501	airway	T023	C0458827
27338437	502	514	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27338437	521	527	weekly	T079	C0332174
27338437	539	544	study	T062	C2603343
27338437	545	551	period	T079	C1948053
27338437	579	584	Daily	T079	C0332173
27338437	585	596	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27338437	597	605	PMcoarse	T167	C1720884
27338437	607	612	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
27338437	614	617	NO₂	T131,T197	C0028160
27338437	619	622	NOx	T197	C0028167
27338437	624	626	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27338437	631	633	O₃	T103	C0030106
27338437	638	650	birch pollen	T002	C4047367
27338437	675	692	linear regression	T081	C0023733
27338437	703	722	Personal covariates	T080	C0439828
27338437	740	753	fixed effects	T080	C1280500
27338437	758	766	subjects	T098	C0080105
27338437	786	792	random	T080	C0439605
27338437	793	799	effect	T080	C1280500
27338437	814	822	children	T100	C0008059
27338437	843	848	study	T062	C2603343
27338437	865	869	FENO	T081	C0392762
27338437	870	882	measurements	T169	C0242485
27338437	898	902	mean	T081	C0444504
27338437	903	908	level	T080	C0441889
27338437	912	920	PMcoarse	T167	C1720884
27338437	937	942	range	T081	C1514721
27338437	966	968	O₃	T103	C0030106
27338437	985	990	range	T081	C1514721
27338437	1013	1016	NO₂	T131,T197	C0028160
27338437	1033	1038	range	T081	C1514721
27338437	1051	1054	NOx	T197	C0028167
27338437	1071	1076	range	T081	C1514721
27338437	1095	1097	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27338437	1112	1117	range	T081	C1514721
27338437	1141	1146	study	T062	C2603343
27338437	1147	1153	period	T079	C1948053
27338437	1158	1173	multi-pollutant	T131	C0599786
27338437	1174	1180	models	T170	C3161035
27338437	1184	1203	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27338437	1204	1212	increase	T169	C0442805
27338437	1221	1229	PMcoarse	T167	C1720884
27338437	1250	1259	increases	T169	C0442805
27338437	1263	1267	FENO	T081	C0392762
27338437	1292	1311	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27338437	1337	1356	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27338437	1368	1376	PMcoarse	T167	C1720884
27338437	1400	1408	increase	T169	C0442805
27338437	1412	1416	FENO	T081	C0392762
27338437	1429	1441	sub-clinical	T080	C0205211
27338437	1442	1448	airway	T023	C0458827
27338437	1449	1461	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27338437	1465	1481	healthy children	T033	C0686744

27338800|t|NLRC5 promotes cell proliferation via regulating the AKT / VEGF-A signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma
27338800|a|NLRC5, a newly found member of the NLR family and the largest member of nucleotide-binding, has been reported to regulate immune responses and is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the mechanisms and signaling pathways of NLRC5 in HCC progression. Increased expression of NLRC5, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) were found in human HCC tissue. There was a positive correlation between NLRC5 and VEGF-A expression and cell proliferation were enhanced in NLRC5 - overexpressing HepG2 cells, but inhibited in cells with NLRC5 silencing treatment. Interestingly, we found that up-regulation of NLRC5 also coordinated the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. An AKT inhibitor LY294002 blocked VEGF-A expression and AKT phosphorylation in HepG2 cells and NLRC5 - overexpressing HepG2 cells. These results demonstrate that NLRC5 promotes HCC progression via the AKT / VEGF-A signaling pathway.
27338800	0	5	NLRC5	T116,T123	C2932687
27338800	6	14	promotes	T052	C0033414
27338800	15	33	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27338800	53	56	AKT	T044	C1515844
27338800	59	83	VEGF-A signaling pathway	T044	C3271788
27338800	87	111	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27338800	112	117	NLRC5	T116,T123	C2932687
27338800	121	126	newly	T078	C0750546
27338800	133	139	member	T096	C1551024
27338800	147	157	NLR family	T116,T123	C4277661
27338800	166	173	largest	T081	C0443228
27338800	174	180	member	T096	C1551024
27338800	184	202	nucleotide-binding	T044	C1148916
27338800	213	221	reported	T170	C0684224
27338800	225	233	regulate	T080	C0243148
27338800	234	250	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27338800	258	273	associated with	T080	C0332281
27338800	274	298	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27338800	300	303	HCC	T191	C2239176
27338800	309	321	investigated	T169	C1292732
27338800	326	336	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27338800	341	359	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27338800	363	368	NLRC5	T116,T123	C2932687
27338800	372	375	HCC	T191	C2239176
27338800	376	387	progression	T191	C0178874
27338800	389	398	Increased	T081	C0205217
27338800	399	409	expression	T045	C1171362
27338800	413	418	NLRC5	T116,T123	C2932687
27338800	420	456	vascular endothelial growth factor-A	T116,T123	C0078058
27338800	458	464	VEGF-A	T116,T123	C0078058
27338800	480	485	human	T016	C0086418
27338800	486	489	HCC	T191	C2239176
27338800	490	496	tissue	T024	C0040300
27338800	510	518	positive	T033	C1446409
27338800	519	530	correlation	T080	C1707520
27338800	539	544	NLRC5	T116,T123	C2932687
27338800	549	555	VEGF-A	T116,T123	C0078058
27338800	556	566	expression	T045	C1171362
27338800	571	589	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27338800	595	603	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27338800	607	612	NLRC5	T116,T123	C2932687
27338800	615	629	overexpressing	T045	C1514559
27338800	630	641	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27338800	647	656	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27338800	660	665	cells	T025	C0007634
27338800	671	676	NLRC5	T116,T123	C2932687
27338800	677	686	silencing	T045	C0598496
27338800	727	740	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27338800	744	749	NLRC5	T116,T123	C2932687
27338800	755	766	coordinated	T169	C0700114
27338800	771	781	activation	T052	C1879547
27338800	785	811	PI3K/AKT signaling pathway	T169	C2984369
27338800	816	838	AKT inhibitor LY294002	T109,T121	C0251991
27338800	839	846	blocked	T169	C0332206
27338800	847	853	VEGF-A	T116,T123	C0078058
27338800	854	864	expression	T045	C1171362
27338800	869	872	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
27338800	873	888	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27338800	892	903	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27338800	908	913	NLRC5	T116,T123	C2932687
27338800	916	930	overexpressing	T045	C1514559
27338800	931	942	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27338800	950	957	results	T033	C0683954
27338800	975	980	NLRC5	T116,T123	C2932687
27338800	981	989	promotes	T052	C0033414
27338800	990	993	HCC	T191	C2239176
27338800	994	1005	progression	T191	C0178874
27338800	1014	1017	AKT	T044	C1515844
27338800	1020	1044	VEGF-A signaling pathway	T044	C3271788

27339000|t|Community Design Impacts on Health Habits in Low-income Southern Nevadans
27339000|a|The purposes of this exploratory study were to: (1) characterize selected community design features; and (2) determine the relationship between select features and physical activity (PA) levels and nutrition habits for a small sample of low-income southern Nevadans. Secondary analysis was conducted on data from selected participants of the Nevada Healthy Homes Partnership program; self-report data on PA and diet habits were compared to national guidelines. Community design features were identified via GIS within a one-mile radius of participants ' homes. Descriptive statistics characterized these features and chi-square analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between select features and habits. Data from 71 participants were analyzed; the majority failed to reach either PA or fruit and vegetable guidelines (81.7% and 93.0%, respectively). Many neighborhoods were absent of parks (71.8%), trailheads (36.6%), or pay-for-use PA facilities (47.9%). The mean number of grocery stores was 3.4 ± 2.3 per neighborhood. Chi-square analyses were not statistically significant. Findings were insufficient to make meaningful conclusions, but support the need for health promotion to meet guidelines. More research is needed to assess the impact of health-promoting community design and healthy behaviors, particularly in vulnerable populations.
27339000	0	9	Community	T096	C0009462
27339000	10	16	Design	T057	C0015473
27339000	17	24	Impacts	T080	C4049986
27339000	28	41	Health Habits	T055	C0679786
27339000	45	55	Low-income	T033	C1331016
27339000	56	73	Southern Nevadans	T098	C1257890
27339000	95	112	exploratory study	T062	C2603343
27339000	148	157	community	T096	C0009462
27339000	158	164	design	T057	C0015473
27339000	165	173	features	T080	C1521970
27339000	197	209	relationship	T078	C1705630
27339000	225	233	features	T080	C1521970
27339000	238	255	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27339000	257	259	PA	T056	C0026606
27339000	261	267	levels	T080	C0441889
27339000	272	288	nutrition habits	T055	C0086152
27339000	311	321	low-income	T033	C1331016
27339000	322	339	southern Nevadans	T098	C1257890
27339000	341	359	Secondary analysis	UnknownType	C0683944
27339000	377	381	data	T078	C1511726
27339000	396	408	participants	T098	C0679646
27339000	416	456	Nevada Healthy Homes Partnership program	UnknownType	C0681136
27339000	458	469	self-report	T062	C2700446
27339000	470	474	data	T078	C1511726
27339000	478	480	PA	T056	C0026606
27339000	485	496	diet habits	T055	C0086152
27339000	502	510	compared	T052	C1707455
27339000	514	533	national guidelines	T170	C0162791
27339000	535	544	Community	T096	C0009462
27339000	545	551	design	T057	C0015473
27339000	552	560	features	T080	C1521970
27339000	581	584	GIS	T170	C0815319
27339000	603	609	radius	T081	C1306504
27339000	613	625	participants	T098	C0679646
27339000	628	633	homes	T073	C0338046
27339000	635	657	Descriptive statistics	T081	C2828391
27339000	678	686	features	T080	C1521970
27339000	691	710	chi-square analyses	T170	C0008041
27339000	743	755	relationship	T078	C1705630
27339000	771	779	features	T080	C1521970
27339000	784	790	habits	T055	C0018464
27339000	792	796	Data	T078	C1511726
27339000	805	817	participants	T098	C0679646
27339000	823	831	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27339000	869	871	PA	T056	C0026606
27339000	875	905	fruit and vegetable guidelines	T170	C0162791
27339000	944	957	neighborhoods	T083	C0027569
27339000	973	978	parks	T083	C0237771
27339000	988	998	trailheads	T082	C1254362
27339000	1011	1036	pay-for-use PA facilities	T073	C0034018
27339000	1065	1079	grocery stores	T073	C0557778
27339000	1098	1110	neighborhood	T083	C0027569
27339000	1112	1131	Chi-square analyses	T170	C0008041
27339000	1168	1176	Findings	T033	C0243095
27339000	1252	1268	health promotion	T058	C0018738
27339000	1277	1287	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27339000	1294	1302	research	T062	C0035168
27339000	1337	1353	health-promoting	T058	C0018738
27339000	1354	1363	community	T096	C0009462
27339000	1364	1370	design	T057	C0015473
27339000	1375	1392	healthy behaviors	T055	C0679786
27339000	1410	1432	vulnerable populations	T098	C0949366

27339305|t|A peptide from human β thymosin as a platform for the development of new anti-biofilm agents for Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
27339305|a|Conventional antibiotics might fail in the treatment of biofilm -associated infections causing infection recurrence and chronicity. The search for antimicrobial peptides has been performed with the aim to discover novel anti-infective agents active on pathogens in both planktonic and biofilm associated forms. The fragment 9-19 of human thymosin β4 was studied through 1 μs MD simulation. Two main conformations of the peptide were detected, both constituted by a central hydrophobic core and by the presence of peripheral charged residues suggesting a possible mechanism of interaction with two models of biological membranes, related to eukaryotic or bacterial membrane respectively. In addition, the peptide was chemically synthesized and its antimicrobial activity was tested in vitro against planktonic and biofilm form of a group of reference strains of Staphylococcus spp. and one P. aeruginosa strain. The human thymosin β4 fragment EIEKFDKSKLK showed antibacterial activity against staphylococcal strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 at concentrations from 12.5 to 6.2 mg/ml and inhibited biofilm formation at sub-inhibitory concentrations (3.1-0.75 mg/ml). The activity of the fragment in inhibiting biofilm formation, could be due to the conformations highlighted by the MD simulations, suggesting its interaction with the bacterial membrane. Human thymosin β4 fragment can be considered a promising lead compound to develop novel synthetic or recombinant derivatives with improved pharmaceutical potential.
27339305	2	9	peptide	T116	C0030956
27339305	15	31	human β thymosin	T116	C1999611
27339305	73	85	anti-biofilm	T024	C3548526
27339305	73	92	anti-biofilm agents	T121	C1254351
27339305	97	116	Staphylococcus spp.	T007	C4275190
27339305	121	143	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27339305	157	168	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27339305	200	207	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27339305	220	230	infections	T046	C3714514
27339305	239	248	infection	T046	C3714514
27339305	249	259	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27339305	264	274	chronicity	T079	C0547045
27339305	291	313	antimicrobial peptides	T116,T121	C4084937
27339305	349	357	discover	T052	C1880355
27339305	364	385	anti-infective agents	T121	C0003204
27339305	386	392	active	T169	C0205177
27339305	396	405	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27339305	414	424	planktonic	T007,T204	C0032071
27339305	429	436	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27339305	459	467	fragment	T116,T130	C1335533
27339305	476	493	human thymosin β4	T116	C1999611
27339305	498	505	studied	T062	C2603343
27339305	519	532	MD simulation	T066	C2717775
27339305	543	571	conformations of the peptide	T082	C1518960
27339305	609	633	central hydrophobic core	T082	C0205099
27339305	657	667	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27339305	676	684	residues	T077	C1709915
27339305	720	731	interaction	T169	C1704675
27339305	741	747	models	T170	C3161035
27339305	751	771	biological membranes	T026	C0682529
27339305	784	794	eukaryotic	T204	C0684063
27339305	798	816	bacterial membrane	T026	C0682529
27339305	848	855	peptide	T116	C0030956
27339305	891	913	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
27339305	925	933	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27339305	942	952	planktonic	T007,T204	C0032071
27339305	957	964	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27339305	975	980	group	T078	C0441833
27339305	994	1001	strains	T001	C1518614
27339305	1005	1024	Staphylococcus spp.	T007	C4275190
27339305	1033	1046	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27339305	1047	1053	strain	T001	C1518614
27339305	1059	1076	human thymosin β4	T116	C1999611
27339305	1077	1085	fragment	T116,T130	C1335533
27339305	1086	1097	EIEKFDKSKLK	T087	C0002518
27339305	1105	1127	antibacterial activity	T044	C1149575
27339305	1136	1150	staphylococcal	T007	C0038170
27339305	1151	1158	strains	T001	C1518614
27339305	1163	1185	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27339305	1200	1214	concentrations	T081	C0560150
27339305	1252	1269	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27339305	1273	1302	sub-inhibitory concentrations	T081	C0600495
27339305	1325	1333	activity	T052	C0441655
27339305	1341	1349	fragment	T116,T130	C1335533
27339305	1364	1381	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27339305	1403	1416	conformations	T082	C1518960
27339305	1436	1450	MD simulations	T066	C2717775
27339305	1467	1478	interaction	T169	C1704675
27339305	1488	1506	bacterial membrane	T026	C0682529
27339305	1508	1525	Human thymosin β4	T116	C1999611
27339305	1526	1534	fragment	T116,T130	C1335533
27339305	1565	1578	lead compound	T121	C1254351
27339305	1609	1632	recombinant derivatives	T116	C0034861
27339305	1647	1661	pharmaceutical	T091	C0008003

27339306|t|Identification of yeasts isolated from raffia wine (Raphia hookeri) produced in Côte d'Ivoire and genotyping of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains by PCR inter-delta
27339306|a|Raffia wine is a traditional alcoholic beverage produced in several African countries where it plays a significant role in traditional customs and population diet. Alcoholic fermentation of this beverage is ensured by a complex natural yeast flora which plays a decisive role in the quality of the final product. This present study aims to evaluate the distribution and the diversity of the yeast strains isolated in raffia wine from four sampling areas (Abengourou, Alépé, Grand-Lahou and Adzopé) in Côte d'Ivoire. Based on the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rDNA sequence analysis, nine species belonging to six genera were distinguished. With a percentage of 69.5 % out of 171 yeast isolates, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was the predominant species in the raffia wine, followed by Kodamaea ohmeri (20.4 %). The other species isolated were Candida haemulonii (4.1 %), Candida phangngensis (1.8 %), Pichia kudriavzevii (1.2 %), Hanseniaspora jakobsenii (1.2 %), Candida silvae (0.6 %), Hanseniaspora guilliermondii (0.6 %) and Meyerozyma caribbica (0.6 %). The molecular characterization of S. cerevisiae isolates at the strain level using the PCR-interdelta method revealed the presence of 21 profiles (named I to XXI) within 115 isolates. Only four profiles (I, III, V and XI) were shared by the four areas under study. Phenotypic characterization of K. ohmeri strains showed two subgroups for sugar fermentation and no diversity for the nitrogen compound assimilations and the growth at different temperatures.
27339306	0	14	Identification	T059	C1294287
27339306	18	24	yeasts	T004	C0043393
27339306	25	33	isolated	T169	C0205409
27339306	39	50	raffia wine	T168	C0043188
27339306	52	66	Raphia hookeri	T002	C2824418
27339306	80	93	Côte d'Ivoire	T083	C0022326
27339306	98	108	genotyping	T059	C1285573
27339306	112	136	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27339306	137	144	strains	T001	C1518614
27339306	148	163	PCR inter-delta	T063	C0032520
27339306	164	175	Raffia wine	T168	C0043188
27339306	181	192	traditional	T169	C0443324
27339306	193	211	alcoholic beverage	T168	C0001967
27339306	224	231	several	T081	C0443302
27339306	232	249	African countries	T083	C0454695
27339306	267	278	significant	T078	C0750502
27339306	279	283	role	T170	C1704326
27339306	287	298	traditional	T169	C0443324
27339306	299	306	customs	UnknownType	C0680356
27339306	311	321	population	T081	C0032659
27339306	322	326	diet	T168	C0012155
27339306	328	350	Alcoholic fermentation	T044	C3893266
27339306	359	367	beverage	T168	C0005329
27339306	384	391	complex	T080	C0439855
27339306	392	399	natural	T169	C0205296
27339306	400	405	yeast	T004	C0043393
27339306	435	439	role	T170	C1704326
27339306	447	454	quality	T080	C0332306
27339306	462	467	final	T079	C3853528
27339306	468	475	product	T071	C1514468
27339306	490	495	study	T062	C2603343
27339306	517	529	distribution	T078	C0520511
27339306	538	547	diversity	T080	C1880371
27339306	555	560	yeast	T004	C0043393
27339306	561	568	strains	T001	C1518614
27339306	569	577	isolated	T169	C0205409
27339306	581	592	raffia wine	T168	C0043188
27339306	603	611	sampling	T078	C0870078
27339306	612	617	areas	T082	C0205146
27339306	619	629	Abengourou	UnknownType	C0681784
27339306	631	636	Alépé	UnknownType	C0681784
27339306	638	649	Grand-Lahou	UnknownType	C0681784
27339306	654	660	Adzopé	UnknownType	C0681784
27339306	665	678	Côte d'Ivoire	T083	C0022326
27339306	693	705	D1/D2 domain	T087	C1514562
27339306	713	739	LSU rDNA sequence analysis	T059,T063	C0162802
27339306	741	745	nine	T081	C0205455
27339306	746	753	species	T185	C1705920
27339306	767	770	six	T081	C0205452
27339306	771	777	genera	T185	C1708235
27339306	805	815	percentage	T081	C0439165
27339306	837	842	yeast	T004	C0043393
27339306	843	851	isolates	T123	C1764827
27339306	853	877	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27339306	886	897	predominant	T080	C1542147
27339306	898	905	species	T185	C1705920
27339306	913	924	raffia wine	T168	C0043188
27339306	938	953	Kodamaea ohmeri	T004	C0319554
27339306	974	981	species	T185	C1705920
27339306	982	990	isolated	T169	C0205409
27339306	996	1014	Candida haemulonii	T004	C0446032
27339306	1024	1044	Candida phangngensis	T004	C2280092
27339306	1054	1073	Pichia kudriavzevii	T004	C0319629
27339306	1083	1107	Hanseniaspora jakobsenii	T004	C1002874
27339306	1117	1131	Candida silvae	T004	C1016543
27339306	1141	1169	Hanseniaspora guilliermondii	T004	C1019436
27339306	1182	1202	Meyerozyma caribbica	T004	C1905388
27339306	1216	1225	molecular	T080	C1521991
27339306	1226	1242	characterization	T052	C1880022
27339306	1246	1259	S. cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27339306	1260	1268	isolates	T123	C1764827
27339306	1276	1282	strain	T001	C1518614
27339306	1283	1288	level	T080	C0441889
27339306	1299	1313	PCR-interdelta	T063	C0032520
27339306	1314	1320	method	T170	C0025663
27339306	1334	1342	presence	T033	C0150312
27339306	1349	1357	profiles	T059	C1979963
27339306	1386	1394	isolates	T123	C1764827
27339306	1401	1405	four	T081	C0205450
27339306	1406	1414	profiles	T059	C1979963
27339306	1453	1457	four	T081	C0205450
27339306	1458	1463	areas	T082	C0205146
27339306	1470	1475	study	T062	C2603343
27339306	1477	1504	Phenotypic characterization	T052	C1880022
27339306	1508	1517	K. ohmeri	T004	C0319554
27339306	1518	1525	strains	T001	C1518614
27339306	1533	1536	two	T081	C0205448
27339306	1537	1546	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27339306	1551	1569	sugar fermentation	UnknownType	C0545185
27339306	1577	1586	diversity	T080	C1880371
27339306	1595	1612	nitrogen compound	T104	C0684298
27339306	1613	1626	assimilations	T169	C0205245
27339306	1635	1641	growth	T040	C0018270
27339306	1645	1654	different	T080	C1705242
27339306	1655	1667	temperatures	T081	C0039476

27339893|t|Structural Basis for Simvastatin Competitive Antagonism of Complement Receptor 3
27339893|a|The complement system is an important part of the innate immune response to infection but may also cause severe complications during inflammation. Small molecule antagonists to complement receptor 3 (CR3) have been widely sought, but a structural basis for their mode of action is not available. We report here on the structure of the human CR3 ligand-binding I domain in complex with simvastatin. Simvastatin targets the metal ion-dependent adhesion site of the open, ligand-binding conformation of the CR3 I domain by direct contact with the chelated Mg(2+) ion. Simvastatin antagonizes I domain binding to the complement fragments iC3b and C3d but not to intercellular adhesion molecule-1. By virtue of the I domain's wide distribution in binding kinetics to ligands, it was possible to identify ligand binding kinetics as discriminator for simvastatin antagonism. In static cellular experiments, 15-25 μm simvastatin reduced adhesion by K562 cells expressing recombinant CR3 and by primary human monocytes, with an endogenous expression of this receptor. Application of force to adhering monocytes potentiated the effects of simvastatin where only a 50-100 nm concentration of the drug reduced the adhesion by 20-40% compared with untreated cells. The ability of simvastatin to target CR3 in its ligand binding - activated conformation is a novel mechanism to explain the known anti-inflammatory effects of this compound, in particular because this CR3 conformation is found in pro-inflammatory environments. Our report points to new designs of CR3 antagonists and opens new perspectives and identifies druggable receptors from characterization of the ligand binding kinetics in the presence of antagonists.
27339893	0	10	Structural	T082	C0678594
27339893	11	16	Basis	T169	C1527178
27339893	21	32	Simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27339893	33	55	Competitive Antagonism	T044	C0013159
27339893	59	80	Complement Receptor 3	T116,T129	C0079785
27339893	85	102	complement system	T116,T129	C0009498
27339893	131	153	innate immune response	T032	C0020969
27339893	157	166	infection	T047	C0009450
27339893	186	206	severe complications	T033	C3495031
27339893	214	226	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27339893	228	242	Small molecule	T109	C1328819
27339893	243	254	antagonists	T120	C0243076
27339893	258	279	complement receptor 3	T116,T129	C0079785
27339893	281	284	CR3	T116,T129	C0079785
27339893	317	327	structural	T082	C0678594
27339893	328	333	basis	T169	C1527178
27339893	344	358	mode of action	T169	C1524059
27339893	380	386	report	T170	C0684224
27339893	399	408	structure	T082	C0678594
27339893	416	421	human	T016	C0086418
27339893	422	425	CR3	T116,T129	C0079785
27339893	426	449	ligand-binding I domain	T087	C0682969
27339893	453	460	complex	T104	C1704241
27339893	466	477	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27339893	479	490	Simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27339893	491	498	targets	T169	C1521840
27339893	503	508	metal	T197	C0025552
27339893	509	522	ion-dependent	T080	C0205556
27339893	523	536	adhesion site	T082	C1254362
27339893	550	564	ligand-binding	T044	C1517880
27339893	565	577	conformation	T082	C0026377
27339893	585	588	CR3	T116,T129	C0079785
27339893	589	597	I domain	T087	C1514562
27339893	608	620	contact with	T169	C0332158
27339893	625	644	chelated Mg(2+) ion	T109,T121	C0719248
27339893	646	657	Simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27339893	658	669	antagonizes	T033	C0243095
27339893	670	686	I domain binding	T087	C0682969
27339893	694	714	complement fragments	T116,T129	C0009498
27339893	715	719	iC3b	T116,T129,T192	C0369029
27339893	724	727	C3d	T116,T129,T192	C0056184
27339893	739	772	intercellular adhesion molecule-1	T116,T129	C0063695
27339893	777	783	virtue	T078	C0042764
27339893	791	801	I domain's	T087	C1514562
27339893	807	819	distribution	T082	C0037775
27339893	823	839	binding kinetics	T039	C0031327
27339893	843	850	ligands	T103	C0023688
27339893	859	867	possible	T033	C0332149
27339893	880	894	ligand binding	T044	C1517880
27339893	895	903	kinetics	T039	C0031327
27339893	925	936	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27339893	937	947	antagonism	T044	C0013159
27339893	952	958	static	T080	C0441463
27339893	959	967	cellular	T059	C0178539
27339893	968	979	experiments	T062	C0681814
27339893	990	1001	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27339893	1002	1009	reduced	T080	C0392756
27339893	1010	1018	adhesion	T067	C3714578
27339893	1022	1032	K562 cells	T025	C0600432
27339893	1033	1043	expressing	T045	C0597360
27339893	1044	1055	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27339893	1056	1059	CR3	T116,T129	C0079785
27339893	1067	1074	primary	T080	C0205225
27339893	1075	1080	human	T016	C0086418
27339893	1081	1090	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27339893	1100	1110	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27339893	1111	1121	expression	T045	C0597360
27339893	1130	1138	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27339893	1140	1151	Application	T058	C0185125
27339893	1155	1160	force	T067	C0441722
27339893	1164	1172	adhering	T067	C3714578
27339893	1173	1182	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27339893	1199	1209	effects of	T080	C1704420
27339893	1210	1221	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27339893	1245	1258	concentration	T081	C1446561
27339893	1266	1270	drug	T121	C1254351
27339893	1271	1278	reduced	T080	C0392756
27339893	1283	1291	adhesion	T067	C3714578
27339893	1302	1310	compared	T052	C1707455
27339893	1316	1325	untreated	T080	C0205556
27339893	1326	1331	cells	T025	C0007634
27339893	1337	1344	ability	T032	C0085732
27339893	1348	1359	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27339893	1363	1369	target	T169	C1521840
27339893	1370	1373	CR3	T116,T129	C0079785
27339893	1381	1395	ligand binding	T044	C1517880
27339893	1398	1407	activated	T052	C1879547
27339893	1408	1420	conformation	T082	C0026377
27339893	1426	1431	novel	T080	C0205314
27339893	1432	1441	mechanism	T044	C0678659
27339893	1463	1488	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
27339893	1497	1505	compound	T103	C1706082
27339893	1534	1537	CR3	T116,T129	C0079785
27339893	1538	1550	conformation	T082	C0026377
27339893	1563	1579	pro-inflammatory	T080	C0205556
27339893	1580	1592	environments	T082	C0014406
27339893	1598	1604	report	T170	C0684224
27339893	1619	1626	designs	T090	C0013171
27339893	1630	1633	CR3	T116,T129	C0079785
27339893	1634	1645	antagonists	T120	C0243076
27339893	1677	1687	identifies	T033	C0243095
27339893	1688	1697	druggable	T080	C0205556
27339893	1698	1707	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27339893	1713	1729	characterization	T052	C1880022
27339893	1737	1751	ligand binding	T044	C1517880
27339893	1752	1760	kinetics	T039	C0031327
27339893	1768	1776	presence	T080	C3854307
27339893	1780	1791	antagonists	T120	C0243076

27340141|t|Inducement of tissue regeneration of harvested hamstring tendons in a rabbit model
27340141|a|The objective of this study was to determine if the use of fascia lata as a tendon regeneration guide (placed into the tendon canal following harvesting the semitendinosus tendon) would improve the incidence of tissue regeneration and prevent fatty degeneration of the semitendinosus muscle. Bilateral semitendinosus tendons were harvested from rabbits using a tendon stripper. On the inducing graft (IG) side, the tendon canal and semitendinosus tibial attachment site were connected by the fascia lata, which was harvested at the same width as the semitendinosus tendon. On the control side, no special procedures were performed. Two groups of six rabbits were killed at post-operative weeks 4 and 8, respectively. In addition, three healthy rabbits were killed to obtain normal tissue. We evaluated the incidence of tendon tissue regeneration, cross-sectional area of the regenerated tendon tissue and proportion of fatty tissue in the semitendinosus muscle. At post-operative week 8, the distal end of the regenerated tissue reached the vicinity of the tibial insertion on the control side in two of six specimens. On the IG side, the regenerated tissue maintained continuity with the tibial insertion in all specimens. The cross-sectional area of the IG side was significantly greater than that of the control side. The proportion of fatty tissue in the semitendinosus muscle on the IG side was comparable with that of the control side, but was significantly greater than that of the normal muscle. Tendon tissue regenerated with the fascia lata graft was thicker than naturally occurring regenerated tissue. However, the proportion of fatty tissue in the semitendinosus muscle was greater than that of normal muscle .Cite this article: K. Tabuchi, T. Soejima, H. Murakami, K. Noguchi, N. Shiba, K. Nagata. Inducement of tissue regeneration of harvested hamstring tendons in a rabbit model. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:247-252. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.56.2000585.
27340141	0	10	Inducement	T169	C0205263
27340141	14	33	tissue regeneration	T042	C1623047
27340141	37	46	harvested	T058	C1512335
27340141	47	64	hamstring tendons	T023	C1267157
27340141	70	76	rabbit	T015	C3887509
27340141	77	82	model	T075	C0026339
27340141	87	96	objective	T170	C0018017
27340141	105	110	study	T062	C2603343
27340141	135	141	use of	T169	C1524063
27340141	142	153	fascia lata	T023	C0015642
27340141	159	165	tendon	T023	C0039508
27340141	166	178	regeneration	T058	C0349676
27340141	202	214	tendon canal	T023	C0039508
27340141	225	235	harvesting	T061	C0185480
27340141	240	261	semitendinosus tendon	T023	C0921292
27340141	269	276	improve	T033	C0184511
27340141	281	290	incidence	T081	C0021149
27340141	294	313	tissue regeneration	T042	C1623047
27340141	318	325	prevent	T080	C2700409
27340141	326	344	fatty degeneration	T046	C0152254
27340141	352	373	semitendinosus muscle	T023	C0224453
27340141	375	384	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
27340141	385	407	semitendinosus tendons	T023	C0921292
27340141	413	422	harvested	T058	C1512335
27340141	428	435	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27340141	444	459	tendon stripper	T074	C0183659
27340141	468	476	inducing	T169	C0205263
27340141	477	482	graft	T080	C1527362
27340141	484	486	IG	T080	C1527362
27340141	488	492	side	T082	C0441987
27340141	498	510	tendon canal	T023	C0039508
27340141	515	529	semitendinosus	T023	C0224453
27340141	530	536	tibial	T023	C0040184
27340141	537	552	attachment site	T082	C0205675
27340141	575	586	fascia lata	T023	C0015642
27340141	598	607	harvested	T058	C1512335
27340141	620	625	width	T081	C0487742
27340141	633	654	semitendinosus tendon	T023	C0921292
27340141	663	670	control	T080	C0243148
27340141	671	675	side	T082	C0441987
27340141	688	698	procedures	T169	C2700391
27340141	704	713	performed	T169	C0884358
27340141	719	725	groups	T078	C0441833
27340141	733	740	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27340141	746	752	killed	T033	C0424328
27340141	756	770	post-operative	T079	C0032790
27340141	771	776	weeks	T079	C0439230
27340141	819	826	healthy	T080	C3898900
27340141	827	834	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27340141	840	846	killed	T033	C0424328
27340141	850	856	obtain	T169	C1301820
27340141	857	870	normal tissue	T024	C0040300
27340141	889	898	incidence	T081	C0021149
27340141	902	908	tendon	T023	C0039508
27340141	909	928	tissue regeneration	T042	C1623047
27340141	930	945	cross-sectional	T082	C0552389
27340141	946	950	area	T082	C0205146
27340141	958	969	regenerated	T169	C0334213
27340141	970	983	tendon tissue	T023	C0039508
27340141	988	998	proportion	T081	C1709707
27340141	1002	1014	fatty tissue	T024	C0001527
27340141	1022	1043	semitendinosus muscle	T023	C0224453
27340141	1048	1062	post-operative	T079	C0032790
27340141	1063	1067	week	T079	C0439230
27340141	1075	1085	distal end	T082	C0205108
27340141	1093	1104	regenerated	T169	C0334213
27340141	1105	1111	tissue	T024	C0040300
27340141	1140	1146	tibial	T023	C0040184
27340141	1147	1156	insertion	T061	C1961139
27340141	1164	1171	control	T080	C0243148
27340141	1172	1176	side	T082	C0441987
27340141	1191	1200	specimens	T015	C3887509
27340141	1209	1216	IG side	T082	C0441987
27340141	1222	1233	regenerated	T169	C0334213
27340141	1234	1240	tissue	T024	C0040300
27340141	1252	1262	continuity	T082	C0595960
27340141	1272	1278	tibial	T023	C0040184
27340141	1279	1288	insertion	T061	C1961139
27340141	1296	1305	specimens	T015	C3887509
27340141	1311	1326	cross-sectional	T082	C0552389
27340141	1327	1331	area	T082	C0205146
27340141	1339	1346	IG side	T082	C0441987
27340141	1365	1372	greater	T081	C1704243
27340141	1390	1397	control	T080	C0243148
27340141	1398	1402	side	T082	C0441987
27340141	1408	1418	proportion	T081	C1709707
27340141	1422	1434	fatty tissue	T024	C0001527
27340141	1442	1463	semitendinosus muscle	T023	C0224453
27340141	1471	1478	IG side	T082	C0441987
27340141	1511	1518	control	T080	C0243148
27340141	1519	1523	side	T082	C0441987
27340141	1547	1554	greater	T081	C1704243
27340141	1572	1585	normal muscle	T024	C0026845
27340141	1587	1600	Tendon tissue	T023	C0039508
27340141	1601	1612	regenerated	T169	C0334213
27340141	1622	1633	fascia lata	T023	C0015642
27340141	1634	1639	graft	T024	C0332835
27340141	1644	1651	thicker	T080	C1280412
27340141	1677	1688	regenerated	T169	C0334213
27340141	1689	1695	tissue	T024	C0040300
27340141	1710	1720	proportion	T081	C1709707
27340141	1724	1736	fatty tissue	T024	C0001527
27340141	1744	1765	semitendinosus muscle	T023	C0224453
27340141	1770	1777	greater	T081	C1704243
27340141	1791	1804	normal muscle	T024	C0026845
27340141	1895	1905	Inducement	T169	C0205263
27340141	1909	1915	tissue	T024	C0040300
27340141	1909	1928	tissue regeneration	T042	C1623047
27340141	1932	1941	harvested	T058	C1512335
27340141	1942	1959	hamstring tendons	T023	C1267157
27340141	1965	1971	rabbit	T015	C3887509
27340141	1972	1977	model	T075	C0026339

27340160|t|Immediate and Delayed Effects of Diode Laser on Debonding of Ceramic Brackets: An in vitro Study
27340160|a|The aim of the study is to evaluate the immediate and delayed effects of diode laser on debonding of ceramic brackets. A total of 60 human extracted premolar teeth were randomly assigned to three different treatment groups. All teeth were bonded with adhesive precoated (APC) ceramic brackets (3M Unitek). A total of 20 teeth were debonded without lasing (group 1), 20 immediately after lasing (group 2), and 20 1 hour after lasing (group 3). For the lasing groups (groups 2 and 3), access cavity was prepared on the occlusal surface to a 2 mm diameter. A transbond plus self-etching primer (3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and APC PLUS clarity advanced brackets (3M, Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) were used. The shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were measured. The internal pulpal wall temperature was noted for the laser groups. The mean SBS was 15.4, 11.57, and 11.79 MPa for groups 1 to 3 respectively. Post hoc test showed significant difference (p < 0.001) between the control group and the lased groups. For groups 2 and 3, the rise in temperature was at an average of 1.4 and 1.3°C respectively. The SBS of APC brackets decreased by 33.3% on application of diode laser without increasing the internal pulp chamber wall temperature significantly. Shear bond strength remains more or less the same whether debonding is done immediately after lasing or 1 hour after lasing. Diode lasers increased the ARI scores and thus decreased the risk of enamel fracture.
27340160	0	9	Immediate	T079	C0205253
27340160	14	21	Delayed	T079	C0205421
27340160	22	32	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27340160	33	44	Diode Laser	T074	C0392254
27340160	48	57	Debonding	T061	C0085514
27340160	61	77	Ceramic Brackets	T074	C1262342
27340160	82	96	in vitro Study	T062	C0681828
27340160	124	132	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27340160	137	146	immediate	T079	C0205253
27340160	151	158	delayed	T079	C0205421
27340160	159	169	effects of	T080	C1704420
27340160	170	181	diode laser	T074	C0392254
27340160	185	194	debonding	T061	C0085514
27340160	198	214	ceramic brackets	T074	C1262342
27340160	230	235	human	T016	C0086418
27340160	246	260	premolar teeth	T023	C1281668
27340160	266	283	randomly assigned	T062	C0034656
27340160	303	312	treatment	T169	C1522326
27340160	313	319	groups	T078	C0441833
27340160	325	330	teeth	T023	C0040426
27340160	336	347	bonded with	T061	C0005926
27340160	348	366	adhesive precoated	T122	C1258650
27340160	368	371	APC	T122	C1258650
27340160	373	389	ceramic brackets	T074	C1262342
27340160	391	400	3M Unitek	T122	C0011379
27340160	417	422	teeth	T023	C0040426
27340160	428	436	debonded	T061	C0085514
27340160	445	451	lasing	T067	C1254366
27340160	453	458	group	T078	C0441833
27340160	466	477	immediately	T079	C0205253
27340160	484	490	lasing	T067	C1254366
27340160	492	497	group	T078	C0441833
27340160	522	528	lasing	T067	C1254366
27340160	530	535	group	T078	C0441833
27340160	548	554	lasing	T067	C1254366
27340160	555	561	groups	T078	C0441833
27340160	563	569	groups	T078	C0441833
27340160	580	606	access cavity was prepared	T061	C0398979
27340160	614	630	occlusal surface	T029	C0447303
27340160	653	687	transbond plus self-etching primer	T122	C0967247
27340160	689	698	3M Unitek	T122	C0011379
27340160	700	708	Monrovia	T083	C0017446
27340160	710	712	CA	T083	C0006754
27340160	714	717	USA	T083	C0041703
27340160	723	731	APC PLUS	T122	C1258650
27340160	732	757	clarity advanced brackets	T074	C1262342
27340160	759	769	3M, Unitek	T122	C0011379
27340160	771	779	Monrovia	T083	C0017446
27340160	781	783	CA	T083	C0006754
27340160	785	788	USA	T083	C0041703
27340160	805	824	shear bond strength	T081	C0678599
27340160	826	829	SBS	T081	C0678599
27340160	835	863	adhesive remnant index (ARI)	T033	C0243095
27340160	883	891	internal	T082	C0205102
27340160	892	903	pulpal wall	T029	C0005898
27340160	904	915	temperature	T081	C0039476
27340160	934	946	laser groups	T078	C0441833
27340160	957	960	SBS	T081	C0678599
27340160	996	1002	groups	T078	C0441833
27340160	1024	1037	Post hoc test	T081	C0002780
27340160	1092	1105	control group	T096	C0009932
27340160	1114	1126	lased groups	T078	C0441833
27340160	1132	1138	groups	T078	C0441833
27340160	1160	1171	temperature	T081	C0039476
27340160	1225	1228	SBS	T081	C0678599
27340160	1232	1235	APC	T122	C1258650
27340160	1236	1244	brackets	T074	C1262342
27340160	1282	1293	diode laser	T074	C0392254
27340160	1317	1325	internal	T082	C0205102
27340160	1326	1343	pulp chamber wall	T029	C0005898
27340160	1344	1355	temperature	T081	C0039476
27340160	1371	1390	Shear bond strength	T081	C0678599
27340160	1429	1438	debonding	T061	C0085514
27340160	1447	1458	immediately	T079	C0205253
27340160	1465	1471	lasing	T067	C1254366
27340160	1488	1494	lasing	T067	C1254366
27340160	1496	1508	Diode lasers	T074	C0392254
27340160	1523	1533	ARI scores	T033	C0243095
27340160	1557	1561	risk	T078	C0035647
27340160	1565	1580	enamel fracture	T033	C0436032

27340777|t|Activation of the orphan receptor GPR55 by lysophosphatidylinositol promotes metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer
27340777|a|The orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR55 has been directly or indirectly related to basic alterations that drive malignant growth: uncontrolled cancer cell proliferation, sustained angiogenesis, and cancer cell adhesion and migration. However, little is known about the involvement of this receptor in metastasis. Here, we show that elevated GPR55 expression in human tumors is associated with the aggressive basal / triple-negative breast cancer population, higher probability to develop metastases, and therefore poor patient prognosis. Activation of GPR55 by its proposed endogenous ligand lysophosphatidylinositol confers pro-invasive features on breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, this effect is elicited by coupling to Gq/11 heterotrimeric proteins and the subsequent activation, through ERK, of the transcription factor ETV4 / PEA3. Together, these data show that GPR55 promotes breast cancer metastasis, and supports the notion that this orphan receptor may constitute a new therapeutic target and potential biomarker in the highly aggressive triple-negative subtype.
27340777	0	10	Activation	T052	C1879547
27340777	18	39	orphan receptor GPR55	T116,T192	C2002138
27340777	43	67	lysophosphatidylinositol	T109,T123	C0065391
27340777	68	76	promotes	T052	C0033414
27340777	77	87	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27340777	91	120	triple-negative breast cancer	T191	C3539878
27340777	125	158	orphan G protein-coupled receptor	T116,T192	C0682972
27340777	159	164	GPR55	T116,T192	C2002138
27340777	174	182	directly	T080	C1947931
27340777	186	196	indirectly	T080	C0439852
27340777	197	204	related	T080	C0439849
27340777	214	225	alterations	T078	C1515926
27340777	237	246	malignant	T080	C0205282
27340777	247	253	growth	T040	C0018270
27340777	255	267	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
27340777	275	293	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27340777	295	317	sustained angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27340777	330	343	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27340777	348	357	migration	T067	C1254366
27340777	368	374	little	T081	C0700321
27340777	378	383	known	T080	C0205309
27340777	394	405	involvement	T169	C1314939
27340777	414	422	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27340777	426	436	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27340777	457	465	elevated	T080	C3163633
27340777	466	482	GPR55 expression	T045	C0597360
27340777	486	491	human	T016	C0086418
27340777	492	498	tumors	T191	C0027651
27340777	502	517	associated with	T080	C0332281
27340777	522	538	aggressive basal	T191	C0027671
27340777	541	570	triple-negative breast cancer	T191	C3539878
27340777	571	581	population	T098	C1257890
27340777	583	601	higher probability	T081	C0033204
27340777	613	623	metastases	T191	C0027627
27340777	639	643	poor	T080	C2700379
27340777	644	651	patient	T101	C0030705
27340777	652	661	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27340777	663	673	Activation	T052	C1879547
27340777	677	682	GPR55	T116,T192	C2002138
27340777	699	709	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27340777	710	716	ligand	T103	C0023688
27340777	717	741	lysophosphatidylinositol	T109,T123	C0065391
27340777	750	762	pro-invasive	T080	C0205281
27340777	763	771	features	T080	C2348519
27340777	775	794	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27340777	800	808	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27340777	813	820	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27340777	841	847	effect	T080	C1280500
27340777	851	862	elicited by	T080	C0449265
27340777	863	871	coupling	T169	C1948027
27340777	875	904	Gq/11 heterotrimeric proteins	T116,T123	C2975447
27340777	913	923	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27340777	924	934	activation	T052	C1879547
27340777	944	947	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27340777	956	981	transcription factor ETV4	T116,T123	C1333479
27340777	984	988	PEA3	T116,T123	C0084827
27340777	990	998	Together	T080	C1883357
27340777	1006	1010	data	T078	C1511726
27340777	1021	1026	GPR55	T116,T192	C2002138
27340777	1027	1035	promotes	T052	C0033414
27340777	1036	1049	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27340777	1050	1060	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27340777	1066	1074	supports	T077	C1521721
27340777	1096	1111	orphan receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27340777	1129	1132	new	T080	C0205314
27340777	1133	1144	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27340777	1145	1151	target	T169	C1521840
27340777	1156	1165	potential	T080	C3245505
27340777	1166	1175	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27340777	1190	1224	aggressive triple-negative subtype	T185	C1519691

27340862|t|The number of tumorspheres cultured from peripheral blood is a predictor for presence of metastasis in patients with breast cancer
27340862|a|Tumor metastases are the major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality. A subpopulation of tumor cells with stem-like properties is assumed to be responsible for tumor invasion, metastasis, heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. This population is termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). We have developed a simple method for identification and characterization of circulating cancer stem cells among circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETCs). CETCs were cultured under conditions favoring growth of tumorspheres from 72 patients with breast cancer, including a subpopulation of 23 patients with metastatic disease. CETCs were determined using the maintrac® method. Gene expression profiles of single CETCs and tumorspheres of the same patients were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Sphere formation was observed in 79 % of patients. We found that the number of tumorspheres depended on stage of disease. Furthermore, the most important factor for growing of tumorspheres is obtaining chemotherapy. Patients with chemotherapy treatment had lower numbers of tumorspheres compared to patients without chemotherapy. Patients with HER2 positive primary tumor had higher number of tumorspheres. Analysis of surface marker expression profile of tumorspheres showed that cells in the spheres had typical phenotype of cancer stem cells. There was no sphere formation in a control group with 50 healthy donors. This study demonstrates that a small fraction of CETCs has proliferative activity. Identifying the CETC subset with cancer stem cell properties may provide more clinically useful prognostic information. Chemotherapy is the most important component in cancer therapy because it frequently reduces the number of tumorspheres.
27340862	14	26	tumorspheres	T025	C1956421
27340862	41	57	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27340862	63	72	predictor	T078	C2698872
27340862	89	99	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27340862	103	111	patients	T101	C0030705
27340862	117	130	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27340862	131	147	Tumor metastases	T191	C0027627
27340862	171	187	cancer morbidity	T033	C1298614
27340862	192	201	mortality	T081	C1516192
27340862	205	218	subpopulation	T098	C1257890
27340862	222	259	tumor cells with stem-like properties	T025	C1956422
27340862	293	307	tumor invasion	T033	C1269955
27340862	309	319	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27340862	321	334	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27340862	339	350	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27340862	351	361	resistance	T039	C1514892
27340862	389	406	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
27340862	408	412	CSCs	T025	C1956422
27340862	504	521	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
27340862	528	562	circulating epithelial tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27340862	564	569	CETCs	T025	C0597032
27340862	572	577	CETCs	T025	C0597032
27340862	618	624	growth	T040	C0018270
27340862	628	640	tumorspheres	T025	C1956421
27340862	649	657	patients	T101	C0030705
27340862	663	676	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27340862	690	703	subpopulation	T098	C1257890
27340862	710	718	patients	T101	C0030705
27340862	724	742	metastatic disease	T046	C4255448
27340862	744	749	CETCs	T025	C0597032
27340862	776	792	maintrac® method	T060	C0430022
27340862	794	818	Gene expression profiles	T081	C1956267
27340862	829	834	CETCs	T025	C0597032
27340862	839	851	tumorspheres	T025	C1956421
27340862	864	872	patients	T101	C0030705
27340862	893	900	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
27340862	902	908	Sphere	T082	C0332501
27340862	909	918	formation	T169	C1522492
27340862	943	951	patients	T101	C0030705
27340862	981	993	tumorspheres	T025	C1956421
27340862	1006	1022	stage of disease	T060	C0699749
27340862	1078	1090	tumorspheres	T025	C1956421
27340862	1104	1116	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27340862	1118	1126	Patients	T101	C0030705
27340862	1132	1144	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27340862	1145	1154	treatment	T061	C0087111
27340862	1176	1188	tumorspheres	T025	C1956421
27340862	1201	1209	patients	T101	C0030705
27340862	1210	1230	without chemotherapy	T033	C4076564
27340862	1232	1240	Patients	T101	C0030705
27340862	1246	1273	HER2 positive primary tumor	T191	C1960398
27340862	1295	1307	tumorspheres	T025	C1956421
27340862	1321	1335	surface marker	T201	C0005516
27340862	1336	1346	expression	T045	C1171362
27340862	1358	1370	tumorspheres	T025	C1956421
27340862	1383	1388	cells	T025	C0007634
27340862	1396	1403	spheres	T082	C0332501
27340862	1416	1425	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27340862	1429	1446	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
27340862	1458	1477	no sphere formation	T033	C0243095
27340862	1483	1496	control group	T096	C0009932
27340862	1505	1512	healthy	T080	C3898900
27340862	1513	1519	donors	T098	C0013018
27340862	1526	1531	study	T062	C2603343
27340862	1570	1575	CETCs	T025	C0597032
27340862	1580	1602	proliferative activity	T034	C0812425
27340862	1620	1624	CETC	T025	C0597032
27340862	1637	1653	cancer stem cell	T025	C1956422
27340862	1700	1710	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27340862	1711	1722	information	T078	C1533716
27340862	1724	1736	Chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27340862	1772	1786	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
27340862	1831	1843	tumorspheres	T025	C1956421

27340878|t|Undiagnosed Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma in Korea: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2009
27340878|a|To evaluate the characteristics of patients with previously undiagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) in Korea. This study examined data from 391 subjects obtained from the 2008-2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The KNHANES is a population-based, cross-sectional epidemiological survey. Participants aged 19 years or older completed standardized interviews and dilated ocular examinations, including measurement of intraocular pressure, visual fields with frequency doubling perimetry, and fundus photography. Data from the 361 patients with previously undiagnosed POAG were analyzed and compared with data from the 30 patients with previously diagnosed glaucoma. A total of 92.3% of POAG cases were undiagnosed before this study. Adjusted for age and sex, the strongest risk factor for undiagnosed glaucoma was longer elapsed time since last eye doctor visit. Glaucoma patients who had not visited an eye specialist in the last 3 years were 22 times (95% confidence interval, CI, 4.49-105.64, p < 0.001) more likely to have undiagnosed disease compared with patients who had visited an eye specialist in the last month. Another significant factor for previously undiagnosed glaucoma was smaller cup-to-disc ratio (odds ratio, OR, 0.60/0.1 units, 95% CI 0.43-0.85/0.1 units, p = 0.004). The higher vertical cup-to-disc ratio of a subject's two eyes was significantly different between those with previously undiagnosed (0.69) and diagnosed (0.78) POAG (p = 0.001). The undiagnosed POAG group had a longer interval from last eye doctor visit and smaller vertical cup-to-disc ratio compared to the diagnosed group.
27340878	0	11	Undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
27340878	12	39	Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma	T047	C0339573
27340878	43	48	Korea	T083	C0022771
27340878	54	109	Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0018762
27340878	123	131	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27340878	136	151	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27340878	155	163	patients	T101	C0030705
27340878	180	191	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
27340878	192	219	primary open-angle glaucoma	T047	C0339573
27340878	221	225	POAG	T047	C0339573
27340878	230	235	Korea	T083	C0022771
27340878	242	247	study	T062	C2603343
27340878	257	261	data	T078	C1511726
27340878	271	279	subjects	T098	C0080105
27340878	280	288	obtained	T169	C1301820
27340878	308	363	Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0018762
27340878	365	372	KNHANES	T062	C0018762
27340878	379	386	KNHANES	T062	C0018762
27340878	392	408	population-based	T062	C1709599
27340878	410	448	cross-sectional epidemiological survey	T062	C0018762
27340878	450	462	Participants	T098	C0679646
27340878	463	467	aged	T032	C0001779
27340878	468	476	19 years	T079	C0439234
27340878	480	485	older	T100	C0001675
27340878	496	519	standardized interviews	T052	C0021822
27340878	524	551	dilated ocular examinations	T058	C0582103
27340878	563	574	measurement	T169	C0242485
27340878	578	598	intraocular pressure	T042	C0021888
27340878	600	613	visual fields	T082	C0042826
27340878	619	647	frequency doubling perimetry	T060	C1271444
27340878	653	671	fundus photography	T060	C0200189
27340878	673	677	Data	T078	C1511726
27340878	691	699	patients	T101	C0030705
27340878	705	715	previously	T079	C0205156
27340878	716	727	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
27340878	728	732	POAG	T047	C0339573
27340878	738	746	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27340878	751	759	compared	T052	C1707455
27340878	765	769	data	T078	C1511726
27340878	782	790	patients	T101	C0030705
27340878	807	816	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27340878	817	825	glaucoma	T047	C0339573
27340878	847	851	POAG	T047	C0339573
27340878	863	874	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
27340878	887	892	study	T062	C2603343
27340878	894	902	Adjusted	T169	C0456081
27340878	907	910	age	T032	C0001779
27340878	915	918	sex	T032	C1522384
27340878	924	945	strongest risk factor	T033	C0035648
27340878	950	961	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
27340878	962	970	glaucoma	T047	C0339573
27340878	982	994	elapsed time	T079	C2826303
27340878	1006	1022	eye doctor visit	T061	C0847195
27340878	1024	1032	Glaucoma	T047	C0339573
27340878	1033	1041	patients	T101	C0030705
27340878	1054	1079	visited an eye specialist	T061	C0847195
27340878	1094	1099	years	T079	C0439234
27340878	1119	1138	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27340878	1140	1142	CI	T081	C0009667
27340878	1188	1199	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
27340878	1200	1207	disease	T047	C0339573
27340878	1208	1216	compared	T052	C1707455
27340878	1222	1230	patients	T101	C0030705
27340878	1239	1264	visited an eye specialist	T061	C0847195
27340878	1277	1282	month	T079	C0439231
27340878	1292	1310	significant factor	T169	C1521761
27340878	1326	1337	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
27340878	1338	1346	glaucoma	T047	C0339573
27340878	1359	1376	cup-to-disc ratio	T033	C0423471
27340878	1378	1388	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27340878	1390	1392	OR	T081	C0028873
27340878	1414	1416	CI	T081	C0009667
27340878	1461	1487	vertical cup-to-disc ratio	T201	C1299676
27340878	1493	1502	subject's	T098	C0080105
27340878	1507	1511	eyes	T023	C0015392
27340878	1559	1569	previously	T079	C0205156
27340878	1570	1581	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
27340878	1593	1602	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27340878	1610	1614	POAG	T047	C0339573
27340878	1632	1643	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
27340878	1644	1648	POAG	T047	C0339573
27340878	1661	1676	longer interval	T079	C1272706
27340878	1687	1703	eye doctor visit	T061	C0847195
27340878	1716	1742	vertical cup-to-disc ratio	T201	C1299676
27340878	1759	1774	diagnosed group	T033	C0011900

27341373|t|Nest - site competition between invasive and native cavity nesting birds and its implication for conservation
27341373|a|Nesting cavities are often a limited resource that multiple species use. There is an ongoing discussion on whether invasive cavity nesting birds restrict the availability of this key limited resource. While the answer to this question has important conservation implications, little experimental work has been done to examine it. Here, we aimed to experimentally test whether alien cavity nesting birds affect the occupancy of cavities and the resulting breeding success of native cavity breeders in a large urban park located in Tel Aviv, Israel. Over three breeding seasons, we manipulated the entry size of nest boxes and compared the occupancy and breeding success of birds in nest boxes of two treatments. These included nest boxes with large - entrance and small - entrance holes. The large - entrance holes allowed access for both the native and invasive birds (the two main aliens in the park are the common mynas and rose-ringed parakeets). The smaller - entrance boxes, on the other hand, allowed only the smaller sized native cavity breeders (great tits and house sparrows) to enter the boxes but prevented the alien species from entering. We found that the large - entrance nest boxes were occupied by five different bird species, comprising three natives (great tit, house sparrow, Scops owl) and two invasive species (common myna, rose-ringed parakeet) while the small - entrance boxes were only occupied by the two native species. The alien common mynas and rose-ringed parakeets occupied 77.5% of the large - entrance nest boxes whereas native species, mainly great tits, occupied less than 9% of the large - entrance boxes and 36.5% of the small - entrance boxes. When examining the occupancy of those cavities that were not occupied by the aliens, natives occupied both the small and large - entrance nest boxes equally. Three quarters (78%) of the great tits breeding in the large - entrance boxes were usurped by common mynas during the breeding season and as a result breeding success was significantly lower for great tits breeding in the large - entrance boxes compared with the small - entrance boxes. The results of this study suggests that the invasive alien species can reduce the breeding potential of native cavity breeders both by exploiting the limited breeding resource (nest cavities) and by directly usurping cavities already occupied by the native species. Since the majority of large - entrance nest boxes were occupied by the large r alien birds, less native species bred in the limited number of unoccupied large - entrance nest boxes because of exploitation competition. We propose that for management purposes, nest-box programs that alter the entrance size of available natural cavities may be a practical approach, reducing the competition between native cavity breeders and alien invasive birds, and especially benefiting the smaller native cavity breeders.
27341373	0	4	Nest	T082	C1254362
27341373	7	11	site	T082	C0205145
27341373	12	23	competition	T054	C0679932
27341373	32	40	invasive	T080	C0205281
27341373	45	51	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	52	58	cavity	T082	C1254362
27341373	59	66	nesting	T054	C0027776
27341373	67	72	birds	T012	C0005595
27341373	81	92	implication	T078	C1705535
27341373	97	109	conservation	T080	C2347858
27341373	110	117	Nesting	T054	C0027776
27341373	118	126	cavities	T082	C1254362
27341373	139	146	limited	T169	C0439801
27341373	147	155	resource	T078	C0035201
27341373	161	169	multiple	T081	C0439064
27341373	170	177	species	T185	C1705920
27341373	178	181	use	T169	C0457083
27341373	203	213	discussion	T054	C2584313
27341373	225	233	invasive	T080	C0205281
27341373	234	240	cavity	T082	C1254362
27341373	241	248	nesting	T054	C0027776
27341373	249	254	birds	T012	C0005595
27341373	255	263	restrict	T169	C0443288
27341373	293	300	limited	T169	C0439801
27341373	301	309	resource	T078	C0035201
27341373	359	371	conservation	T080	C2347858
27341373	393	410	experimental work	T062	C0681814
27341373	428	435	examine	T033	C0332128
27341373	486	491	alien	T098	C0002049
27341373	492	498	cavity	T082	C1254362
27341373	499	506	nesting	T054	C0027776
27341373	507	512	birds	T012	C0005595
27341373	524	533	occupancy	T080	C2827063
27341373	537	545	cavities	T082	C1254362
27341373	564	572	breeding	T040	C0006159
27341373	573	580	success	T054	C0597535
27341373	584	590	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	591	597	cavity	T082	C1254362
27341373	598	606	breeders	T012	C0005595
27341373	612	617	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	618	623	urban	T083	C0442529
27341373	624	628	park	T073	C0562547
27341373	640	648	Tel Aviv	UnknownType	C0681784
27341373	650	656	Israel	T083	C0022271
27341373	669	677	breeding	T040	C0006159
27341373	678	685	seasons	T079	C0036497
27341373	690	701	manipulated	T169	C0392747
27341373	706	711	entry	T082	C0337095
27341373	712	716	size	T082	C0456389
27341373	720	730	nest boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	735	743	compared	T052	C1707455
27341373	748	757	occupancy	T080	C2827063
27341373	762	770	breeding	T040	C0006159
27341373	771	778	success	T054	C0597535
27341373	782	787	birds	T012	C0005595
27341373	791	801	nest boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	809	819	treatments	T169	C1522326
27341373	836	846	nest boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	852	857	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	860	868	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	873	878	small	T081	C0700321
27341373	881	889	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	890	895	holes	T082	C0332484
27341373	901	906	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	909	917	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	918	923	holes	T082	C0332484
27341373	932	938	access	T169	C1554204
27341373	952	958	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	963	971	invasive	T080	C0205281
27341373	972	977	birds	T012	C0005595
27341373	992	998	aliens	T098	C0002049
27341373	1006	1010	park	T073	C0562547
27341373	1019	1031	common mynas	T012	C1479699
27341373	1036	1057	rose-ringed parakeets	T012	C0999383
27341373	1064	1071	smaller	T080	C0547044
27341373	1074	1082	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	1083	1088	boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	1126	1133	smaller	T080	C0547044
27341373	1134	1139	sized	T082	C0456389
27341373	1140	1146	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	1147	1153	cavity	T082	C1254362
27341373	1154	1162	breeders	T012	C0005595
27341373	1164	1174	great tits	T012	C1081183
27341373	1179	1193	house sparrows	T012	C0326825
27341373	1208	1213	boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	1218	1227	prevented	T080	C2700409
27341373	1232	1245	alien species	T185	C1705920
27341373	1279	1284	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	1287	1295	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	1296	1306	nest boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	1312	1320	occupied	T078	C1548223
27341373	1329	1338	different	T080	C1705242
27341373	1339	1351	bird species	T012	C0005595
27341373	1370	1377	natives	T169	C0302891
27341373	1379	1388	great tit	T012	C1081183
27341373	1390	1403	house sparrow	T012	C0326825
27341373	1405	1414	Scops owl	T012	C1019337
27341373	1424	1432	invasive	T080	C0205281
27341373	1433	1440	species	T185	C1705920
27341373	1442	1453	common myna	T012	C1479699
27341373	1455	1475	rose-ringed parakeet	T012	C0999383
27341373	1487	1492	small	T081	C0700321
27341373	1495	1503	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	1504	1509	boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	1520	1528	occupied	T078	C1548223
27341373	1540	1546	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	1547	1554	species	T185	C1705920
27341373	1560	1565	alien	T098	C0002049
27341373	1566	1578	common mynas	T012	C1479699
27341373	1583	1604	rose-ringed parakeets	T012	C0999383
27341373	1605	1613	occupied	T078	C1548223
27341373	1627	1632	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	1635	1643	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	1644	1654	nest boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	1663	1669	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	1670	1677	species	T012	C0005595
27341373	1679	1685	mainly	T080	C1542147
27341373	1686	1696	great tits	T012	C1081183
27341373	1698	1706	occupied	T078	C1548223
27341373	1707	1716	less than	T081	C0439092
27341373	1727	1732	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	1735	1743	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	1744	1749	boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	1767	1772	small	T081	C0700321
27341373	1775	1783	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	1784	1789	boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	1796	1805	examining	T033	C0332128
27341373	1810	1819	occupancy	T080	C2827063
27341373	1829	1837	cavities	T082	C1254362
27341373	1852	1860	occupied	T078	C1548223
27341373	1868	1874	aliens	T098	C0002049
27341373	1876	1883	natives	T169	C0302891
27341373	1884	1892	occupied	T078	C1548223
27341373	1902	1907	small	T081	C0700321
27341373	1912	1917	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	1920	1928	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	1929	1939	nest boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	1955	1963	quarters	T079	C0036497
27341373	1977	1987	great tits	T012	C1081183
27341373	1988	1996	breeding	T040	C0006159
27341373	2004	2009	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	2012	2020	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	2021	2026	boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	2032	2039	usurped	T055	C0039751
27341373	2043	2055	common mynas	T012	C1479699
27341373	2067	2075	breeding	T040	C0006159
27341373	2076	2082	season	T079	C0036497
27341373	2099	2107	breeding	T040	C0006159
27341373	2108	2115	success	T054	C0597535
27341373	2120	2133	significantly	T078	C0750502
27341373	2134	2139	lower	T052	C2003888
27341373	2144	2154	great tits	T012	C1081183
27341373	2155	2163	breeding	T040	C0006159
27341373	2171	2176	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	2179	2187	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	2188	2193	boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	2194	2202	compared	T052	C1707455
27341373	2212	2217	small	T081	C0700321
27341373	2220	2228	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	2229	2234	boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	2280	2288	invasive	T080	C0205281
27341373	2289	2302	alien species	T185	C1705920
27341373	2307	2313	reduce	T080	C0392756
27341373	2318	2326	breeding	T040	C0006159
27341373	2327	2336	potential	T080	C3245505
27341373	2340	2346	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	2347	2353	cavity	T082	C1254362
27341373	2354	2362	breeders	T012	C0005595
27341373	2371	2381	exploiting	T169	C0042153
27341373	2386	2393	limited	T169	C0439801
27341373	2394	2402	breeding	T040	C0006159
27341373	2403	2411	resource	T078	C0035201
27341373	2413	2417	nest	T082	C1254362
27341373	2418	2426	cavities	T082	C1254362
27341373	2435	2443	directly	T080	C1947931
27341373	2444	2452	usurping	T078	C1548223
27341373	2453	2461	cavities	T082	C1254362
27341373	2470	2478	occupied	T078	C1548223
27341373	2486	2492	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	2493	2500	species	T185	C1705920
27341373	2512	2520	majority	T054	C0680220
27341373	2524	2529	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	2532	2540	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	2541	2551	nest boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	2557	2565	occupied	T078	C1548223
27341373	2573	2578	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	2581	2592	alien birds	T012	C0005595
27341373	2599	2605	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	2606	2613	species	T012	C0005595
27341373	2614	2618	bred	T040	C0006159
27341373	2626	2633	limited	T169	C0439801
27341373	2634	2640	number	T081	C0237753
27341373	2644	2654	unoccupied	T078	C1548224
27341373	2655	2660	large	T081	C0549177
27341373	2663	2671	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	2672	2682	nest boxes	T073	C0179400
27341373	2694	2706	exploitation	T169	C0042153
27341373	2707	2718	competition	T054	C0679932
27341373	2740	2750	management	T057	C1273870
27341373	2751	2759	purposes	T169	C1285529
27341373	2761	2769	nest-box	T073	C0179400
27341373	2770	2778	programs	T169	C3484370
27341373	2784	2789	alter	T169	C0392747
27341373	2794	2802	entrance	T082	C0337095
27341373	2803	2807	size	T082	C0456389
27341373	2821	2828	natural	T169	C0205296
27341373	2829	2837	cavities	T082	C1254362
27341373	2867	2875	reducing	T080	C0392756
27341373	2880	2891	competition	T054	C0679932
27341373	2900	2906	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	2907	2913	cavity	T082	C1254362
27341373	2914	2922	breeders	T012	C0005595
27341373	2927	2947	alien invasive birds	T012	C0005595
27341373	2933	2941	invasive	T080	C0205281
27341373	2979	2986	smaller	T080	C0547044
27341373	2987	2993	native	T169	C0302891
27341373	2994	3000	cavity	T082	C1254362
27341373	3001	3009	breeders	T012	C0005595

27342305|t|Family Psychosocial Risk Screening in Infants and Older Children in the Acute Pediatric Hospital Setting Using the Psychosocial Assessment Tool
27342305|a|To examine the validity of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT) with families of infants (<2 years) and children admitted to hospital with acute life-threatening illnesses. METHODS: A total of 235 parents of 177 children admitted to oncology, cardiology, or pediatric intensive care completed the PAT and measures of acute stress, trait anxiety, family functioning, and quality of life, a mean 3.7 weeks following diagnosis. A modified PAT was used for families of infants, rendering two forms, PAT (<2) and PAT (2+). RESULTS: Psychometrics for PAT (<2) and PAT (2+) were acceptable. PAT Total and Subscale scores for each version were significantly correlated with validation measures. Internal consistency for PAT subscales was variable. Receiver Operating Characteristics provided some support for PAT cutoffs. PAT scores across illness groups were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides promising support for the PAT as a psychosocial screener for families of infants and older children across illness conditions.
27342305	0	6	Family	T099	C0015576
27342305	7	19	Psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27342305	20	34	Risk Screening	T058	C0086930
27342305	38	45	Infants	T100	C0021270
27342305	50	64	Older Children	T100	C1455726
27342305	72	77	Acute	T079	C0205178
27342305	78	104	Pediatric Hospital Setting	T093	C0020017
27342305	115	127	Psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27342305	128	143	Assessment Tool	T170	C1516602
27342305	159	167	validity	T081	C2349101
27342305	175	187	Psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27342305	188	203	Assessment Tool	T170	C1516602
27342305	205	208	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	215	223	families	T099	C0015576
27342305	227	234	infants	T100	C0021270
27342305	236	244	<2 years	T033	C3843496
27342305	250	258	children	T100	C0008059
27342305	259	279	admitted to hospital	T058	C0184666
27342305	285	290	acute	T079	C0205178
27342305	291	307	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27342305	308	317	illnesses	T184	C0221423
27342305	319	326	METHODS	T170	C0025663
27342305	330	335	total	T080	C0439810
27342305	343	350	parents	T099	C0030551
27342305	358	366	children	T100	C0008059
27342305	367	375	admitted	T058	C0184666
27342305	379	387	oncology	T091	C0278627
27342305	389	399	cardiology	T091	C0007189
27342305	404	428	pediatric intensive care	T080	C1627360
27342305	429	438	completed	T080	C0205197
27342305	443	446	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	451	459	measures	T081	C0079809
27342305	463	475	acute stress	T184	C0848237
27342305	477	482	trait	T032	C0599883
27342305	483	490	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27342305	492	510	family functioning	T054	C0680051
27342305	516	531	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27342305	535	539	mean	T081	C2348143
27342305	544	549	weeks	T079	C0439230
27342305	560	569	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27342305	573	581	modified	T169	C0392747
27342305	582	585	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	599	607	families	T099	C0015576
27342305	611	618	infants	T100	C0021270
27342305	634	639	forms	T080	C0348078
27342305	641	644	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	646	648	<2	T033	C3843496
27342305	654	657	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	659	661	2+	T033	C3843647
27342305	664	671	RESULTS	T034	C0456984
27342305	673	686	Psychometrics	T060	C0033920
27342305	691	694	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	696	698	<2	T033	C3843496
27342305	704	707	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	709	711	2+	T033	C3843647
27342305	718	728	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27342305	730	733	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	734	739	Total	T081	C2964552
27342305	744	759	Subscale scores	T081	C0459443
27342305	764	768	each	T081	C1457900
27342305	769	776	version	T033	C0243095
27342305	782	806	significantly correlated	T080	C1707520
27342305	812	822	validation	T062	C1519941
27342305	823	831	measures	T081	C0079809
27342305	833	853	Internal consistency	T081	C0870731
27342305	858	861	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	862	871	subscales	T081	C0459443
27342305	876	884	variable	T080	C0439828
27342305	886	920	Receiver Operating Characteristics	T081	C0034772
27342305	921	929	provided	T052	C1999230
27342305	947	950	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	951	958	cutoffs	T169	C1442160
27342305	960	963	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	964	970	scores	T081	C0449820
27342305	978	985	illness	T184	C0221423
27342305	986	992	groups	T098	C0687744
27342305	998	1008	comparable	T052	C1707455
27342305	1010	1021	CONCLUSIONS	T078	C1707478
27342305	1028	1033	study	T062	C2603343
27342305	1034	1042	provides	T052	C1999230
27342305	1043	1060	promising support	T080	C0205556
27342305	1069	1072	PAT	T170	C1516602
27342305	1078	1090	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27342305	1091	1099	screener	T058	C0086930
27342305	1104	1112	families	T099	C0015576
27342305	1116	1123	infants	T100	C0021270
27342305	1128	1142	older children	T100	C1455726
27342305	1150	1157	illness	T184	C0221423
27342305	1158	1168	conditions	T080	C0348080

27342342|t|Design and synthesis of pH - sensitive polymeric micelles for oral delivery of poorly water - soluble drugs
27342342|a|pH - sensitive polymer poly (polylactide-co-methacrylic acid)-b-poly (acrylic acid) was synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization and ring-opening polymerization and characterized by gel permeation chromatography and (1)H NMR. The polymers can self-assemble to form micelles in aqueous medium, which respond rapidly to pH change within the gastrointestinal relevant pH range. Critical micelle concentrations and pH response behavior of the polymeri c micelle were investigated. Water - insoluble drug nifedipine was loaded and the drug - loading content can be controlled by tuning the composition of the polymers. The in vitro release studies indicate pH sensitivity enabled rapid drug release at the environment of simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.36), the cumulative released amount of NFD reached more than 80% within 24 h, while only 35% in the simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.35). All the results showed that the pH - sensitive P(PLAMA-co-MAA)-b-PAA micelle may be a prospective candidate as oral drug delivery carrier for hydrophobic drugs with controlled release behavior.
27342342	0	6	Design	T052	C1707689
27342342	11	20	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27342342	24	26	pH	T081	C0020283
27342342	29	38	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27342342	39	48	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27342342	49	57	micelles	T109	C0025938
27342342	62	66	oral	T030	C0226896
27342342	67	75	delivery	T074	C0085104
27342342	79	85	poorly	T080	C0542537
27342342	86	91	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27342342	94	101	soluble	T080	C1948047
27342342	102	107	drugs	T121	C0013227
27342342	108	110	pH	T081	C0020283
27342342	113	122	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27342342	123	130	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27342342	131	191	poly (polylactide-co-methacrylic acid)-b-poly (acrylic acid)	T104,T122	C0032521
27342342	196	207	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27342342	214	250	atom transfer radical polymerization	T067	C0314672
27342342	255	282	ring-opening polymerization	T067	C0314672
27342342	304	333	gel permeation chromatography	T059	C0008559
27342342	338	346	(1)H NMR	T060	C3850001
27342342	352	360	polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27342342	365	378	self-assemble	T052	C1706853
27342342	387	395	micelles	T109	C0025938
27342342	399	413	aqueous medium	T121	C3255993
27342342	440	442	pH	T081	C0020283
27342342	443	449	change	T169	C0392747
27342342	461	477	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
27342342	478	486	relevant	T080	C2347946
27342342	487	489	pH	T081	C0020283
27342342	506	513	micelle	T109	C0025938
27342342	514	528	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27342342	533	535	pH	T081	C0020283
27342342	561	569	polymeri	T104,T122	C0032521
27342342	572	579	micelle	T109	C0025938
27342342	599	604	Water	T121,T197	C0043047
27342342	607	616	insoluble	T033	C0243095
27342342	617	621	drug	T121	C0013227
27342342	622	632	nifedipine	T109,T121	C0028066
27342342	637	643	loaded	T052	C1708715
27342342	652	656	drug	T121	C0013227
27342342	659	666	loading	T052	C1708715
27342342	707	718	composition	T201	C0486616
27342342	726	734	polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27342342	740	748	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27342342	749	756	release	T070	C3850077
27342342	757	764	studies	T062	C0008972
27342342	774	776	pH	T081	C0020283
27342342	777	788	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27342342	803	815	drug release	T070	C3850077
27342342	823	834	environment	T082	C0014406
27342342	848	864	intestinal fluid	T031	C0162367
27342342	866	868	pH	T081	C0020283
27342342	880	890	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27342342	910	913	NFD	T109,T121	C0028066
27342342	981	994	gastric fluid	T031	C2828094
27342342	996	998	pH	T081	C0020283
27342342	1038	1040	pH	T081	C0020283
27342342	1043	1052	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27342342	1053	1074	P(PLAMA-co-MAA)-b-PAA	T104,T122	C0032521
27342342	1075	1082	micelle	T109	C0025938
27342342	1117	1121	oral	T030	C0226896
27342342	1122	1126	drug	T121	C0013227
27342342	1127	1143	delivery carrier	T122	C0013161
27342342	1148	1159	hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
27342342	1160	1165	drugs	T121	C0013227
27342342	1171	1189	controlled release	T079	C0868939

27342634|t|Effect of ultrasonic processing on the changes in activity, aggregation and the secondary and tertiary structure of polyphenol oxidase in oriental sweet melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino)
27342634|a|Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) mainly contributes to the browning reaction of fruits and vegetables and causes serious damage to the quality of sweet melon products. However, traditional methods to inactivate browning may induce more unexpected risks than ultrasonic processing. Meanwhile, there are no reports on the effect of ultrasound on PPO directly purified from sweet melon. The PPO in the original juice was less inactivated than the purified form when treated with ultrasound. As for purified PPO, superior to thermal treatment, less heat was needed to inactivate the PPO with ultrasonic treatment. At intensity lower than 200 W, ultrasound did not significantly affect the structure and activity of PPO (P > 0.05), and latent PPO was activated. At intensity higher than 200 W, ultrasound inactivated PPO, induced aggregation and dissociation of PPO particles and significantly decreased the α-helix structure content. Low-frequency high-intensity ultrasound caused an inactivation effect and conformational changes of purified PPO from oriental sweet melons. Changes in the PPO structure induced by ultrasound eventually inactivated the enzyme. Ultrasound may be a potential method to inactivate PPO in oriental sweet melons. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
27342634	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27342634	10	20	ultrasonic	T169	C0220934
27342634	21	31	processing	T052	C1709694
27342634	50	58	activity	T044	C1537044
27342634	60	71	aggregation	T169	C0332621
27342634	80	89	secondary	T082	C0162807
27342634	94	112	tertiary structure	T082	C0162808
27342634	116	134	polyphenol oxidase	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	138	146	oriental	T083	C0017446
27342634	147	158	sweet melon	T168	C0440285
27342634	160	191	Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino	T002	C0947370
27342634	193	211	Polyphenol oxidase	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	213	216	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	225	236	contributes	T052	C1880177
27342634	244	261	browning reaction	T070	C0085927
27342634	265	271	fruits	T168	C0016767
27342634	276	286	vegetables	T168	C0042440
27342634	298	305	serious	T080	C0205404
27342634	306	312	damage	T169	C1883709
27342634	320	327	quality	T080	C0332306
27342634	331	342	sweet melon	T168	C0440285
27342634	343	351	products	T071	C1514468
27342634	362	373	traditional	T169	C0443324
27342634	374	381	methods	T169	C0449851
27342634	385	395	inactivate	T169	C0544461
27342634	396	404	browning	T070	C0085927
27342634	409	415	induce	T169	C0205263
27342634	421	431	unexpected	T170	C4055646
27342634	432	437	risks	T078	C0035647
27342634	443	453	ultrasonic	T169	C0220934
27342634	454	464	processing	T052	C1709694
27342634	490	497	reports	T170	C0684224
27342634	505	511	effect	T080	C1280500
27342634	515	525	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
27342634	529	532	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	542	550	purified	T169	C1998793
27342634	556	567	sweet melon	T168	C0440285
27342634	573	576	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	584	592	original	T078	C0205313
27342634	593	598	juice	T168	C1268568
27342634	608	619	inactivated	T169	C0544461
27342634	629	637	purified	T169	C1998793
27342634	648	660	treated with	T061	C0332293
27342634	661	671	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
27342634	680	688	purified	T169	C1998793
27342634	689	692	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	706	723	thermal treatment	T061	C0454527
27342634	730	734	heat	T070	C0018837
27342634	749	759	inactivate	T169	C0544461
27342634	764	767	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	773	783	ultrasonic	T169	C0220934
27342634	784	793	treatment	T061	C0087111
27342634	798	813	intensity lower	T033	C2173560
27342634	826	836	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
27342634	845	858	significantly	T078	C0750502
27342634	870	879	structure	T082	C0678594
27342634	884	892	activity	T078	C1561536
27342634	896	899	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	916	922	latent	T080	C0205275
27342634	923	926	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	931	940	activated	T052	C1879547
27342634	945	961	intensity higher	T033	C2173560
27342634	974	984	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
27342634	985	996	inactivated	T169	C0544461
27342634	997	1000	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	1002	1009	induced	T169	C0205263
27342634	1010	1021	aggregation	T169	C0332621
27342634	1026	1038	dissociation	T044	C0301643
27342634	1042	1045	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	1046	1055	particles	T104	C0597177
27342634	1060	1083	significantly decreased	T081	C4055638
27342634	1088	1105	α-helix structure	T082	C0162805
27342634	1115	1128	Low-frequency	T079	C0205213
27342634	1129	1143	high-intensity	T185	C4081854
27342634	1144	1154	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
27342634	1165	1177	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27342634	1178	1184	effect	T080	C1280500
27342634	1189	1211	conformational changes	T044	C0301641
27342634	1215	1223	purified	T169	C1998793
27342634	1224	1227	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	1233	1241	oriental	T083	C0017446
27342634	1242	1254	sweet melons	T168	C0440285
27342634	1256	1263	Changes	T169	C0392747
27342634	1271	1274	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	1275	1284	structure	T082	C0678594
27342634	1285	1292	induced	T169	C0205263
27342634	1296	1306	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
27342634	1318	1329	inactivated	T169	C0544461
27342634	1334	1340	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27342634	1342	1352	Ultrasound	T070	C1456803
27342634	1362	1371	potential	T080	C3245505
27342634	1372	1378	method	T169	C0449851
27342634	1382	1392	inactivate	T169	C0544461
27342634	1393	1396	PPO	T116,T126	C0012524
27342634	1400	1408	oriental	T083	C0017446
27342634	1409	1421	sweet melons	T168	C0440285

27342978|t|Phylogeography of the Spanish Moon Moth Graellsia isabellae (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae)
27342978|a|Geographic and demographic factors as well as specialisation to a new host-plant may lead to host - associated differentiation in plant -feeding insects. We explored the phylogeography of a protected moth, Graellsia isabellae, and its two recognised host-plant species (Pinus sylvestris and P. nigra) in order to seek for any concordance useful to disentangle the evolutionary history of this iconic lepidopteran. DNA variation in one mitochondrial marker and nine nuclear microsatellite loci revealed a strong phylogeographic pattern across 28 populations of G. isabellae studied in Spain and France comprising six groups mostly distributed along different mountain ranges. Reanalysis of a previously published chloroplast microsatellite dataset revealed a three and two- group structure for Spanish P. sylvestris and P. nigra, respectively. Overall, the population groupings of this protected moth did not match the ones of P. sylvestris and P. nigra. There was no evidence of host - associated differentiation between populations using P. sylvestris and the ones inhabiting P. nigra. The two major mitochondrial clades of G. isabellae likely diverged before the Last Glacial Maximum and geographically separated the species into a " southern " (Central and Southern Iberian clusters) and a " northern " lineage (Eastern Iberian, Pyrenean and French Alpine clusters). The Eastern Iberian System, where this insect uses both host-plants, harboured the highest level of genetic diversity. Such a group independently colonised the West and East parts of the Pyrenees. Our results point to a native origin for the French populations occurring in the Alps, genetically related to the Eastern Iberian and Pyrenean sites. The Central Iberian group derived from Southern Iberian ancestors. Secondary contacts were inferred between the Southern/Central Iberian populations and Eastern Iberian cluster as well as between the two Pyrenean ones. The mito-nuclear discordance observed with regard to the Eastern Iberian cluster is congruent with a secondary contact after the evolution of mito-nuclear incompatibilities in geographically isolated areas.
27342978	0	14	Phylogeography	T090	C2936603
27342978	22	29	Spanish	T098	C0086409
27342978	30	39	Moon Moth	T204	C0026593
27342978	40	59	Graellsia isabellae	T204	C1024524
27342978	61	72	Lepidoptera	T204	C0023338
27342978	74	85	Saturniidae	T204	C3102349
27342978	87	97	Geographic	T077	C0017444
27342978	102	121	demographic factors	T078	C0011292
27342978	133	147	specialisation	T090	C0037776
27342978	157	167	host-plant	UnknownType	C0868970
27342978	180	184	host	UnknownType	C0868970
27342978	187	197	associated	T080	C0332281
27342978	198	213	differentiation	T169	C2945687
27342978	217	222	plant	T002	C0032098
27342978	232	239	insects	T204	C0021585
27342978	257	271	phylogeography	T090	C2936603
27342978	277	286	protected	T169	C0205245
27342978	287	291	moth	T204	C0026593
27342978	293	312	Graellsia isabellae	T204	C1024524
27342978	337	347	host-plant	UnknownType	C0868970
27342978	348	355	species	T185	C1705920
27342978	357	373	Pinus sylvestris	T002	C0996613
27342978	378	386	P. nigra	T002	C1670069
27342978	451	471	evolutionary history	T169	C0019665
27342978	487	499	lepidopteran	T204	C0023338
27342978	501	504	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27342978	505	514	variation	T070	C0042333
27342978	522	535	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27342978	536	542	marker	T086	C0012872
27342978	552	559	nuclear	T026	C0007610
27342978	560	579	microsatellite loci	T028	C0678933
27342978	598	621	phylogeographic pattern	T033	C0243095
27342978	647	659	G. isabellae	T204	C1024524
27342978	671	676	Spain	T083	C0037747
27342978	681	687	France	T083	C0016674
27342978	703	709	groups	T078	C0441833
27342978	717	728	distributed	T169	C1704711
27342978	735	744	different	T080	C1705242
27342978	745	760	mountain ranges	T083	C0442533
27342978	762	772	Reanalysis	T062	C0936012
27342978	799	810	chloroplast	T026	C0008266
27342978	811	833	microsatellite dataset	T170	C0150098
27342978	834	842	revealed	T080	C0443289
27342978	860	875	group structure	T102	C0018266
27342978	880	887	Spanish	T098	C0086409
27342978	888	901	P. sylvestris	T002	C0996613
27342978	906	914	P. nigra	T002	C1670069
27342978	972	981	protected	T169	C0205245
27342978	982	986	moth	T204	C0026593
27342978	995	1000	match	T080	C1708943
27342978	1013	1026	P. sylvestris	T002	C0996613
27342978	1031	1039	P. nigra	T002	C1670069
27342978	1051	1065	no evidence of	T080	C0332125
27342978	1066	1070	host	UnknownType	C0868970
27342978	1073	1083	associated	T080	C0332281
27342978	1084	1099	differentiation	T169	C2945687
27342978	1126	1139	P. sylvestris	T002	C0996613
27342978	1153	1163	inhabiting	T169	C0205245
27342978	1164	1172	P. nigra	T002	C1670069
27342978	1182	1187	major	T080	C0205164
27342978	1188	1201	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27342978	1202	1208	clades	T078	C0441833
27342978	1212	1224	G. isabellae	T204	C1024524
27342978	1252	1272	Last Glacial Maximum	T079	C1254367
27342978	1277	1291	geographically	T082	C1517526
27342978	1292	1301	separated	T080	C0443299
27342978	1306	1313	species	T185	C1705920
27342978	1323	1331	southern	T082	C1710133
27342978	1335	1372	Central and Southern Iberian clusters	T081	C1704332
27342978	1382	1390	northern	T082	C1709269
27342978	1393	1400	lineage	T077	C1881379
27342978	1402	1417	Eastern Iberian	T081	C1704332
27342978	1419	1427	Pyrenean	T081	C1704332
27342978	1432	1454	French Alpine clusters	T081	C1704332
27342978	1461	1483	Eastern Iberian System	T081	C1704332
27342978	1496	1502	insect	T204	C0021585
27342978	1513	1524	host-plants	UnknownType	C0868970
27342978	1540	1547	highest	T080	C1522410
27342978	1548	1553	level	T080	C0441889
27342978	1557	1564	genetic	T169	C0314603
27342978	1565	1574	diversity	T080	C1880371
27342978	1583	1588	group	T078	C0441833
27342978	1603	1612	colonised	T033	C4289767
27342978	1617	1621	West	T082	C1705493
27342978	1626	1636	East parts	T082	C1707877
27342978	1644	1652	Pyrenees	UnknownType	C0681784
27342978	1677	1683	native	T169	C0302891
27342978	1684	1690	origin	T079	C0439659
27342978	1699	1717	French populations	T081	C0032659
27342978	1718	1727	occurring	T079	C2745955
27342978	1735	1739	Alps	T083	C0442533
27342978	1741	1752	genetically	T169	C0314603
27342978	1768	1783	Eastern Iberian	UnknownType	C0681784
27342978	1788	1802	Pyrenean sites	UnknownType	C0681784
27342978	1808	1829	Central Iberian group	T078	C0441833
27342978	1843	1859	Southern Iberian	UnknownType	C0681784
27342978	1860	1869	ancestors	T099	C0870134
27342978	1871	1880	Secondary	T081	C0205436
27342978	1881	1889	contacts	T080	C0205556
27342978	1916	1952	Southern/Central Iberian populations	T081	C0032659
27342978	1957	1980	Eastern Iberian cluster	T081	C1704332
27342978	2008	2021	Pyrenean ones	T081	C1704332
27342978	2027	2051	mito-nuclear discordance	T081	C0392762
27342978	2080	2103	Eastern Iberian cluster	T081	C1704332
27342978	2107	2116	congruent	T080	C0439853
27342978	2124	2133	secondary	T081	C0205436
27342978	2134	2141	contact	T080	C0205556
27342978	2152	2161	evolution	T045	C0015219
27342978	2165	2195	mito-nuclear incompatibilities	T080	C0205556
27342978	2199	2228	geographically isolated areas	UnknownType	C0681784

27343229|t|Prevalence of Physical Activity and Sitting Time Among South Korean Adolescents: Results From the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013
27343229|a|This study aimed to describe physical activity (PA) and sitting time, and to examine associations between sociodemographic factors, weight status, PA, and sitting time among South Korean adolescents (12-18 years). Findings are based on self-report data from 638 participants in the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Only 4.9% of adolescents accumulated 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA daily. Adolescents spent 532.4 ± 9.3 mins/d sitting. After controlling for age and sex, individuals in higher income groups compared with the lowest income group, living in nonmetro Seoul compared with metro Seoul, and who were overweight compared with nonoverweight were more likely to meet PA guidelines. Participants in the highest income group compared with lowest income group, and residing in nonmetro Seoul compared with metro Seoul were more likely to be in the high sitting time group (>720 min/d) (P < .05). Increasing PA and reducing sitting should be a public health priority in South Korea.
27343229	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
27343229	14	31	Physical Activity	T056	C0026606
27343229	36	43	Sitting	T039	C2584297
27343229	44	48	Time	T079	C0040223
27343229	55	67	South Korean	T098	C1556095
27343229	68	79	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27343229	81	88	Results	T033	C0683954
27343229	98	104	Korean	T098	C1556095
27343229	105	153	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0376344
27343229	189	206	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27343229	208	210	PA	T056	C0026606
27343229	216	223	sitting	T039	C2584297
27343229	224	228	time	T079	C0040223
27343229	245	257	associations	T080	C0439849
27343229	266	290	sociodemographic factors	T078	C0011292
27343229	292	298	weight	T032	C0005910
27343229	299	305	status	T080	C0449438
27343229	307	309	PA	T056	C0026606
27343229	315	322	sitting	T039	C2584297
27343229	323	327	time	T079	C0040223
27343229	334	346	South Korean	T098	C1556095
27343229	347	358	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27343229	366	371	years	T079	C1510829
27343229	374	382	Findings	T169	C2607943
27343229	396	412	self-report data	T062	C2700446
27343229	422	434	participants	T098	C0679646
27343229	447	452	Korea	T083	C0022771
27343229	453	501	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0376344
27343229	516	527	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27343229	543	550	minutes	T079	C0439232
27343229	554	577	moderate-to-vigorous PA	T056	C0026606
27343229	578	583	daily	T079	C0332173
27343229	585	596	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27343229	615	621	mins/d	T079	C0556973
27343229	622	629	sitting	T039	C2584297
27343229	653	656	age	T032	C0001779
27343229	661	664	sex	T032	C0079399
27343229	666	677	individuals	T098	C0027361
27343229	681	701	higher income groups	T098	C0019532
27343229	702	710	compared	T052	C1707455
27343229	720	739	lowest income group	T098	C0024045
27343229	741	747	living	T052	C2982691
27343229	751	759	nonmetro	T082	C1254362
27343229	760	765	Seoul	T083	C3850150
27343229	766	774	compared	T052	C1707455
27343229	780	785	metro	T082	C0599587
27343229	786	791	Seoul	T083	C3850150
27343229	806	816	overweight	T184	C0497406
27343229	817	825	compared	T052	C1707455
27343229	831	844	nonoverweight	T032	C0005910
27343229	870	872	PA	T056	C0026606
27343229	873	883	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27343229	885	897	Participants	T098	C0679646
27343229	905	925	highest income group	T098	C0019532
27343229	926	934	compared	T052	C1707455
27343229	940	959	lowest income group	T098	C0024045
27343229	965	973	residing	T052	C2982691
27343229	977	985	nonmetro	T082	C1254362
27343229	986	991	Seoul	T083	C3850150
27343229	992	1000	compared	T052	C1707455
27343229	1006	1011	metro	T082	C0599587
27343229	1012	1017	Seoul	T083	C3850150
27343229	1053	1060	sitting	T039	C2584297
27343229	1061	1065	time	T079	C0040223
27343229	1066	1071	group	T078	C0441833
27343229	1078	1083	min/d	T079	C0556973
27343229	1096	1106	Increasing	T169	C0442808
27343229	1107	1109	PA	T056	C0026606
27343229	1114	1122	reducing	T080	C0392756
27343229	1123	1130	sitting	T039	C2584297
27343229	1143	1156	public health	T170	C3244304
27343229	1157	1165	priority	T079	C0549179
27343229	1169	1180	South Korea	T083	C0022773

27343573|t|Graphene / Nafion composite film modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of paracetamol, aspirin and caffeine in pharmaceutical formulations
27343573|a|A graphene - Nafion composite film was fabricated on the glassy carbon electrode (GR-NF/GCE), and used for simultaneous determination of paracetamol (PAR), aspirin (ASA) and caffeine (CAF). The electrochemical behaviors of PAR, ASA and CAF were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry. By using stripping one for simultaneous determination of PAR, ASA and CAF, their electrochemical oxidation peaks appeared at +0.64, 1.04 and 1.44V, and good linear current responses were obtained with the detection limits of 18ngmL(-1) (1.2×10(-9)M), 11.7ngmL(-1) (6.5×10(-8)M) and 7.3ngmL(-1) (3.8×10(-8)M), respectively. Finally, the proposed electrochemical sensor was successfully applied for quantifying PAR, ASA and CAF in commercial tablet formulations.
27343573	0	8	Graphene	T196	C2936695
27343573	11	17	Nafion	T109	C0068361
27343573	18	32	composite film	T167	C1561572
27343573	42	48	glassy	T080	C0522500
27343573	49	65	carbon electrode	T074	C3874229
27343573	70	82	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27343573	83	96	determination	T059	C1148554
27343573	100	111	paracetamol	T109,T121	C0000970
27343573	113	120	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27343573	125	133	caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27343573	137	164	pharmaceutical formulations	T077	C1705957
27343573	167	175	graphene	T196	C2936695
27343573	178	184	Nafion	T109	C0068361
27343573	185	199	composite film	T167	C1561572
27343573	204	214	fabricated	T057	C0870840
27343573	222	228	glassy	T080	C0522500
27343573	229	245	carbon electrode	T074	C3874229
27343573	247	256	GR-NF/GCE	T074	C3874229
27343573	272	284	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27343573	285	298	determination	T059	C1148554
27343573	302	313	paracetamol	T109,T121	C0000970
27343573	315	318	PAR	T109,T121	C0000970
27343573	321	328	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27343573	330	333	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
27343573	339	347	caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27343573	349	352	CAF	T109,T121	C0006644
27343573	359	384	electrochemical behaviors	T080	C0205556
27343573	388	391	PAR	T109,T121	C0000970
27343573	393	396	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
27343573	401	404	CAF	T109,T121	C0006644
27343573	410	422	investigated	T169	C1292732
27343573	426	444	cyclic voltammetry	UnknownType	C0683134
27343573	449	500	square-wave adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry	T059	C0201748
27343573	511	520	stripping	T059	C0201748
27343573	529	541	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27343573	542	555	determination	T059	C1148554
27343573	559	562	PAR	T109,T121	C0000970
27343573	564	567	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
27343573	572	575	CAF	T109,T121	C0006644
27343573	583	614	electrochemical oxidation peaks	T080	C0444505
27343573	615	623	appeared	T080	C0700364
27343573	654	658	good	T080	C0205170
27343573	659	683	linear current responses	T080	C0205556
27343573	689	697	obtained	T169	C1301820
27343573	707	723	detection limits	T081	C2718050
27343573	838	846	proposed	T078	C1705535
27343573	847	869	electrochemical sensor	T073	C0183210
27343573	874	886	successfully	T080	C1272703
27343573	887	894	applied	T169	C4048755
27343573	899	910	quantifying	T081	C1709793
27343573	911	914	PAR	T109,T121	C0000970
27343573	916	919	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
27343573	924	927	CAF	T109,T121	C0006644
27343573	931	941	commercial	T170	C0680536
27343573	942	961	tablet formulations	T077	C1705957

27343757|t|Targeting tumor tolerance: A new hope for pancreatic cancer therapy?
27343757|a|With a 5-year survival rate of just 8%, pancreatic cancer (PC) is projected to be the second leading cause of cancer deaths by 2030. Most PC patients are not eligible for surgery with curative intent upon diagnosis, emphasizing a need for more effective therapies. However, PC is notoriously resistant to chemoradiation regimens. As an alternative, immune modulating strategies have recently achieved success in melanoma, prompting their application to other solid tumors. For such therapeutic approaches to succeed, a state of immunologic tolerance must be reversed in the tumor microenvironment and that has been especially challenging in PC. Nonetheless, knowledge of the PC immune microenvironment has advanced considerably over the past decade, yielding new insights and perspectives to guide multimodal therapies. In this review, we catalog the historical groundwork and discuss the evolution of the cancer immunology field to its present state with a specific focus on PC. Strategies currently employing immune modulation in PC are reviewed, specifically highlighting 66 clinical trials across the United States and Europe.
27343757	0	9	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27343757	10	15	tumor	T191	C0027651
27343757	16	25	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27343757	42	59	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
27343757	60	67	therapy	T061	C0087111
27343757	83	96	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27343757	109	126	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
27343757	128	130	PC	T191	C0235974
27343757	155	169	second leading	T169	C1522538
27343757	170	175	cause	T169	C0015127
27343757	179	192	cancer deaths	T081	C1516192
27343757	207	209	PC	T191	C0235974
27343757	210	218	patients	T101	C0030705
27343757	227	235	eligible	T080	C1548635
27343757	240	247	surgery	T061	C0543467
27343757	253	268	curative intent	T061	C1276305
27343757	274	283	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27343757	313	322	effective	T080	C1704419
27343757	323	332	therapies	T061	C0087111
27343757	343	345	PC	T191	C0235974
27343757	361	370	resistant	T039	C1514892
27343757	374	397	chemoradiation regimens	T061	C3468348
27343757	405	416	alternative	T077	C1523987
27343757	418	435	immune modulating	T040	C0678889
27343757	436	446	strategies	T041	C0679199
27343757	481	489	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27343757	491	500	prompting	T052	C0033414
27343757	507	518	application	T169	C4048755
27343757	528	540	solid tumors	T191	C0280100
27343757	551	562	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27343757	563	573	approaches	T082	C0449445
27343757	597	618	immunologic tolerance	T046	C0020963
27343757	643	665	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
27343757	710	712	PC	T191	C0235974
27343757	744	746	PC	T191	C0235974
27343757	747	753	immune	T169	C0439662
27343757	754	770	microenvironment	T082	C4072789
27343757	775	783	advanced	T080	C0205179
27343757	828	831	new	T080	C0205314
27343757	832	840	insights	T041	C0233820
27343757	867	887	multimodal therapies	T061	C0009429
27343757	908	915	catalog	T170	C0376658
27343757	946	953	discuss	T054	C2584313
27343757	958	967	evolution	T058	C0220825
27343757	975	992	cancer immunology	T091	C1521825
27343757	1036	1041	focus	T169	C1285542
27343757	1045	1047	PC	T191	C0235974
27343757	1049	1059	Strategies	T041	C0679199
27343757	1080	1097	immune modulation	T040	C0678889
27343757	1101	1103	PC	T191	C0235974
27343757	1108	1116	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27343757	1147	1162	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27343757	1174	1187	United States	T083	C0041703
27343757	1192	1198	Europe	T083	C0015176

27344476|t|Parent's pro-health awareness concerning oral health of their children in the light of survey research
27344476|a|Oral hygiene is a crucial part of caring for young children. This problem is frequently marginalized or even ignored by parents / guardians, what affects child's whole further life. The assessment of parents' knowledge concerning oral hygiene and prevention of dental caries in infants and young children. The test group consisted of parents, as well as men and women currently expecting a child. The study was conducted in a form of a survey, using an original questionnaire, which was carried out in several hospitals in Lodz and online, on a popular local forum for parents. The data obtained were analyzed statistically, allowing the assessment of health awareness of respondents and the creation of various profiles of parental knowledge on the subject investigated. Most of respondents knew the age at which milk and permanent teeth erupt, gave the correct frequency of brushing child's teeth and were in favor of limiting sweets in the diet. A total of 59% correctly gave the number of deciduous teeth and 66% had heard of the " bottle tooth decay ". All respondents thought that helping and controlling a child while brushing their teeth is indispensable, but they did not know the best time to start using the toothpaste with fluoride. The information about child's oral hygiene was more often looked for by women (67%) than by men (29%). The study also showed that if a training on the given subject was organized, 60% of respondents would be willing to participate in it. In the test group, pro-health awareness is insufficient to maintain the oral health of the offspring and requires constant developing. oral health behaviors, oral health, prophylaxis of dental caries, parent questionnaire survey.
27344476	0	8	Parent's	T099	C0030551
27344476	9	29	pro-health awareness	T033	C1328734
27344476	41	52	oral health	T058	C0029162
27344476	62	70	children	T100	C0008059
27344476	87	102	survey research	T062	C0683942
27344476	103	115	Oral hygiene	T055	C0029164
27344476	137	143	caring	T052	C1947933
27344476	154	162	children	T100	C0008059
27344476	169	176	problem	T033	C0033213
27344476	180	190	frequently	T079	C0332183
27344476	191	203	marginalized	T169	C1522326
27344476	212	219	ignored	T078	C1554079
27344476	223	230	parents	T099	C0030551
27344476	233	242	guardians	T099	C1274041
27344476	249	256	affects	T169	C0392760
27344476	257	264	child's	T100	C0008059
27344476	271	278	further	T082	C1517331
27344476	279	283	life	T078	C0376558
27344476	289	299	assessment	T052	C1516048
27344476	303	311	parents'	T099	C0030551
27344476	312	321	knowledge	T033	C0518904
27344476	333	345	oral hygiene	T055	C0029164
27344476	350	360	prevention	T169	C1292733
27344476	364	377	dental caries	T047	C0011334
27344476	381	388	infants	T100	C0021270
27344476	393	398	young	T079	C0332239
27344476	399	407	children	T100	C0008059
27344476	413	423	test group	UnknownType	C0681860
27344476	437	444	parents	T099	C0030551
27344476	457	460	men	T098	C0025266
27344476	465	470	women	T098	C0043210
27344476	493	498	child	T100	C0008059
27344476	504	509	study	T062	C2603343
27344476	514	523	conducted	T169	C0884358
27344476	539	545	survey	T170	C0038951
27344476	556	578	original questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27344476	605	612	several	T081	C0443302
27344476	613	622	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27344476	626	630	Lodz	UnknownType	C0681784
27344476	635	641	online	UnknownType	C0683828
27344476	662	667	forum	UnknownType	C0683828
27344476	672	679	parents	T099	C0030551
27344476	685	689	data	T078	C1511726
27344476	690	698	obtained	T169	C1301820
27344476	704	726	analyzed statistically	T062	C0871424
27344476	741	751	assessment	T052	C1516048
27344476	755	771	health awareness	T033	C1328734
27344476	775	786	respondents	T098	C0282122
27344476	795	803	creation	T052	C1706214
27344476	827	845	parental knowledge	T033	C1319152
27344476	853	860	subject	T078	C1706203
27344476	861	873	investigated	T169	C1292732
27344476	883	894	respondents	T098	C0282122
27344476	904	907	age	T032	C0001779
27344476	917	921	milk	T031	C0026131
27344476	926	941	permanent teeth	T023	C0348070
27344476	942	947	erupt	T169	C0205177
27344476	966	975	frequency	T079	C0439603
27344476	979	987	brushing	T061	C0040461
27344476	988	995	child's	T100	C0008059
27344476	996	1001	teeth	T023	C0040426
27344476	1023	1031	limiting	T169	C0439801
27344476	1032	1038	sweets	T168	C0453447
27344476	1046	1050	diet	T168	C0012155
27344476	1054	1059	total	T080	C0439810
27344476	1086	1092	number	T081	C0237753
27344476	1096	1111	deciduous teeth	T023	C3266841
27344476	1139	1157	bottle tooth decay	T047	C1290632
27344476	1165	1176	respondents	T098	C0282122
27344476	1190	1197	helping	T080	C1269765
27344476	1202	1213	controlling	T169	C2587213
27344476	1216	1221	child	T100	C0008059
27344476	1228	1236	brushing	T061	C0040461
27344476	1243	1248	teeth	T023	C0040426
27344476	1293	1302	best time	T079	C0040223
27344476	1306	1311	start	T079	C0439659
27344476	1322	1346	toothpaste with fluoride	T200	C0450164
27344476	1352	1363	information	T078	C1533716
27344476	1370	1377	child's	T100	C0008059
27344476	1378	1390	oral hygiene	T055	C0029164
27344476	1420	1425	women	T098	C0043210
27344476	1440	1443	men	T098	C0025266
27344476	1455	1460	study	T062	C2603343
27344476	1483	1491	training	T065	C0220931
27344476	1505	1512	subject	T078	C1706203
27344476	1517	1526	organized	T169	C1300196
27344476	1535	1546	respondents	T098	C0282122
27344476	1556	1563	willing	T033	C0600109
27344476	1567	1578	participate	T169	C0679823
27344476	1593	1603	test group	UnknownType	C0681860
27344476	1605	1625	pro-health awareness	T033	C1328734
27344476	1629	1641	insufficient	T080	C0231180
27344476	1645	1653	maintain	T052	C0024501
27344476	1658	1669	oral health	T058	C0029162
27344476	1677	1686	offspring	T099	C0680063
27344476	1691	1699	requires	T169	C1514873
27344476	1700	1708	constant	T080	C1948059
27344476	1721	1742	oral health behaviors	T201	C1831008
27344476	1744	1755	oral health	T058	C0029162
27344476	1757	1768	prophylaxis	T061	C0011393
27344476	1772	1785	dental caries	T047	C0011334
27344476	1787	1793	parent	T099	C0030551
27344476	1794	1807	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27344476	1808	1814	survey	T170	C0038951

27344620|t|Depressive symptoms and long-term income: The Young Finns Study
27344620|a|Higher depressive symptoms have been associated with lower future income. However, studies examining this issue have had limited follow-up times and have used self-reported measures of income. Also, possible confounders or mediators have not been accounted. 971 women and 738 men were selected from the ongoing prospective Young Finns Study (YFS) that began in 1980. Depressive symptoms were measured in 1992 when participants were from 15 to 30 years old. Information on annual income and earnings from 1993 to 2010 were obtained from the Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data (FLEED) of Statistics Finland and linked to the YFS. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower future income and earnings. For men, the associations were robust for controlling childhood parental socioeconomic status, history of unemployment, and adulthood health behavior, but attenuated circa 35% when three major temperament traits were taken into account. For women, similar pattern was found, however, in the models adjusted for temperament traits the associations did not remain statistically significant. The association between depressive symptoms and earnings was three times stronger for men than women. Previous depressive episodes could have influenced on some participants ' economic and educational choices. Higher depressive symptoms in adolescence and early adulthood lead to significant future losses of total income and earnings, and this association is particularly strong for men.
27344620	0	19	Depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27344620	24	33	long-term	T079	C0443252
27344620	34	40	income	T081	C0021162
27344620	46	63	Young Finns Study	T170	C0282574
27344620	64	70	Higher	T080	C0205250
27344620	71	90	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27344620	101	116	associated with	T080	C0332281
27344620	117	122	lower	T080	C0205251
27344620	123	129	future	T079	C0016884
27344620	130	136	income	T081	C0021162
27344620	147	154	studies	T059	C0947630
27344620	155	164	examining	T033	C0332128
27344620	170	175	issue	T033	C0033213
27344620	185	192	limited	T169	C0439801
27344620	193	202	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27344620	203	208	times	T081	C1632851
27344620	223	236	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27344620	237	245	measures	T081	C0079809
27344620	249	255	income	T081	C0021162
27344620	263	271	possible	T033	C0332149
27344620	272	283	confounders	T169	C0009673
27344620	287	296	mediators	T169	C0205245
27344620	311	320	accounted	T170	C0684224
27344620	326	331	women	T098	C0043210
27344620	340	343	men	T098	C0025266
27344620	349	357	selected	T052	C1707391
27344620	367	374	ongoing	T078	C0549178
27344620	375	386	prospective	T062	C0033522
27344620	387	404	Young Finns Study	T170	C0282574
27344620	406	409	YFS	T170	C0282574
27344620	431	450	Depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27344620	456	464	measured	T080	C0444706
27344620	478	490	participants	T098	C0679646
27344620	510	519	years old	T079	C1510829
27344620	521	532	Information	T078	C1533716
27344620	536	542	annual	T079	C0332181
27344620	543	549	income	T081	C0021162
27344620	554	562	earnings	T081	C0680989
27344620	586	594	obtained	T169	C1301820
27344620	604	669	Finnish Longitudinal Employer-Employee Data (FLEED) of Statistics	T170	C0282574
27344620	670	677	Finland	T083	C0016132
27344620	682	688	linked	T078	C1254370
27344620	696	699	YFS	T170	C0282574
27344620	701	707	Higher	T080	C0205250
27344620	708	727	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27344620	733	748	associated with	T080	C0332281
27344620	749	754	lower	T080	C0205251
27344620	755	761	future	T079	C0016884
27344620	762	768	income	T081	C0021162
27344620	773	781	earnings	T081	C0680989
27344620	787	790	men	T098	C0025266
27344620	796	808	associations	T041	C0004083
27344620	814	820	robust	T080	C2986815
27344620	825	836	controlling	T067	C2239193
27344620	837	846	childhood	T079	C0231335
27344620	847	855	parental	T099	C0030551
27344620	856	876	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
27344620	878	885	history	T090	C0019664
27344620	889	901	unemployment	T033	C0041674
27344620	907	916	adulthood	T079	C0700597
27344620	917	932	health behavior	T055	C0237121
27344620	938	948	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27344620	970	975	major	T080	C0205164
27344620	976	987	temperament	T041	C0039474
27344620	988	994	traits	T032	C0599883
27344620	1024	1029	women	T098	C0043210
27344620	1031	1038	similar	T080	C2348205
27344620	1039	1046	pattern	T082	C0449774
27344620	1074	1080	models	T170	C3161035
27344620	1081	1089	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27344620	1094	1105	temperament	T041	C0039474
27344620	1106	1112	traits	T032	C0599883
27344620	1117	1129	associations	T080	C0439849
27344620	1145	1170	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27344620	1176	1187	association	T041	C0004083
27344620	1196	1215	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27344620	1220	1228	earnings	T081	C0680989
27344620	1245	1253	stronger	T080	C0205556
27344620	1258	1261	men	T098	C0025266
27344620	1267	1272	women	T098	C0043210
27344620	1274	1282	Previous	T079	C0205156
27344620	1283	1302	depressive episodes	T048	C0349216
27344620	1314	1324	influenced	T077	C4054723
27344620	1333	1345	participants	T098	C0679646
27344620	1348	1356	economic	T169	C0013557
27344620	1361	1372	educational	T065	C0013621
27344620	1373	1380	choices	T055	C0008300
27344620	1382	1388	Higher	T080	C0205250
27344620	1389	1408	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27344620	1412	1423	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27344620	1434	1443	adulthood	T079	C0700597
27344620	1452	1463	significant	T078	C0750502
27344620	1464	1470	future	T079	C0016884
27344620	1471	1477	losses	T081	C1517945
27344620	1481	1486	total	T080	C0439810
27344620	1487	1493	income	T081	C0021162
27344620	1498	1506	earnings	T081	C0680989
27344620	1517	1528	association	T041	C0004083
27344620	1545	1551	strong	T080	C0442821
27344620	1556	1559	men	T098	C0025266

27345009|t|miR-376c inhibits cervical cancer cell proliferation and invasion by targeting BMI1
27345009|a|MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in cancer development and progression. The purposes of this study were to explore the role of miR-376c in cervical cancer and to clarify the regulation of BMI1 by miR-376c. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure miR-376c expression in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. The cell proliferation, cell cycle and Transwell invasion assays were performed. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to confirm the target gene of miR-376c, and the results were validated in cervical cancer cell lines and tissues. MiR-376c was significantly downregulated in cervical cancer cell lines and clinical tissues. Upregulation of miR-376c impaired cell proliferation, blocked G1/S checkpoint of cell cycle and suppressed cell invasion in vitro. BMI1 was verified as a direct target of miR-376c, which was further confirmed by the inverse expression of miR-376c and BMI1 in patient specimens. The newly identified miR-376c / BMI1 pathway provides an insight into cervical cancer progression and may represent a novel therapeutic target.
27345009	0	8	miR-376c	T114,T123	C1101610
27345009	18	33	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
27345009	34	52	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27345009	57	65	invasion	T046	C2699153
27345009	79	83	BMI1	T028	C1826623
27345009	84	93	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27345009	95	101	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27345009	125	131	cancer	T191	C0006826
27345009	132	143	development	T169	C1527148
27345009	148	159	progression	T191	C0178874
27345009	182	187	study	T062	C2603343
27345009	216	224	miR-376c	T114,T123	C1101610
27345009	228	243	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
27345009	263	273	regulation	T045	C0017263
27345009	277	281	BMI1	T028	C1826623
27345009	285	293	miR-376c	T028	C1537889
27345009	295	314	Quantitative RT-PCR	T063	C1514628
27345009	335	343	miR-376c	T028	C1537889
27345009	344	354	expression	T045	C0017262
27345009	358	373	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
27345009	374	381	tissues	T024	C0040300
27345009	386	396	cell lines	T025	C0007634
27345009	402	420	cell proliferation	T062	C3899698
27345009	422	432	cell cycle	T059	C0200904
27345009	437	462	Transwell invasion assays	T059	C0005507
27345009	481	491	luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C0024075
27345009	481	506	luciferase reporter assay	T059	C0005507
27345009	536	542	target	T169	C1521840
27345009	543	547	gene	T028	C0017337
27345009	551	559	miR-376c	T114,T123	C1101610
27345009	595	610	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
27345009	611	621	cell lines	T025	C0007634
27345009	626	633	tissues	T024	C0040300
27345009	635	643	MiR-376c	T028	C1537889
27345009	662	675	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27345009	679	694	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
27345009	695	705	cell lines	T025	C0007634
27345009	710	718	clinical	T080	C0205210
27345009	719	726	tissues	T024	C0040300
27345009	728	740	Upregulation	T044	C0041904
27345009	744	752	miR-376c	T114,T123	C1101610
27345009	762	780	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27345009	782	789	blocked	T169	C0332206
27345009	790	805	G1/S checkpoint	T043	C1517340
27345009	809	819	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
27345009	824	834	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27345009	835	848	cell invasion	T046	C2699153
27345009	849	857	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27345009	859	863	BMI1	T028	C1826623
27345009	889	895	target	T169	C1521840
27345009	899	907	miR-376c	T114,T123	C1101610
27345009	944	962	inverse expression	T045	C0017262
27345009	966	974	miR-376c	T028	C1537889
27345009	979	983	BMI1	T028	C1826623
27345009	987	994	patient	T101	C0030705
27345009	995	1004	specimens	T167	C0370003
27345009	1027	1035	miR-376c	T114,T123	C1101610
27345009	1038	1042	BMI1	T028	C1826623
27345009	1043	1050	pathway	T044	C1704259
27345009	1076	1091	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
27345009	1092	1103	progression	T191	C0178874
27345009	1130	1141	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27345009	1142	1148	target	T169	C1521840

27345138|t|Phenol red - silk tyrosine cross-linked hydrogels
27345138|a|Phenol red is a cytocompatible pH sensing dye that is commonly added to cell culture media, but removed from some media formulations due to its structural mimicry of estrogen. Phenol red free media is also used during live cell imaging, to avoid absorbance and fluorescence quenching of fluorophores. To overcome these complications, we developed cytocompatible and degradable phenol red - silk tyrosine cross-linked hydrogels using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Phenol red added to silk during tyrosine crosslinking accelerated di-tyrosine formation in a concentration - dependent reaction. Phenol red diffusion studies and UV-Vis spectra of phenol red - silk tyrosine hydrogels at different pHs showed altered absorption bands, confirming entrapment of dye within the hydrogel network. LC-MS of HRP -reacted phenol red and N-acetyl-l-tyrosine reaction products confirmed covalent bonds between the phenolic hydroxyl group of phenol red and tyrosine on the silk. At lower phenol red concentrations, leak-proof hydrogels which did not release phenol red were fabricated and found to be cytocompatible based on live-dead staining and alamar blue assessments of encapsulated fibroblasts. Due to the spectral overlap between phenol red absorbance at 415 nm and di-tyrosine fluorescence at 417 nm, phenol red - silk hydrogels provide both absorbance and fluorescence -based pH sensing. With an average pKa of 6.8 and good cytocompatibiltiy, phenol red - silk hydrogels are useful for pH sensing in phenol red free systems, cellular microenvironments and bioreactors. Phenol red entrapped within hydrogels facilitates pH sensing in phenol red free environments. Leak-proof phenol red based pH sensors require covalent binding techniques, but are complicated due to the lack of amino or carboxyl groups on phenol red. Currently, there is no simple, reliable technique to covalently link phenol red to hydrogel matrices, for real-time pH sensing in cell culture environments. Herein, we take advantage of phenolic groups for covalent linkage of phenol red to silk tyrosine in the presence of HRP and H2O2. The novelty of the current system stems from its simplicity and the use of silk protein to create a cytocompatible, degradable sensor capable of real-time pH sensing in cell culture microenvironments.
27345138	0	10	Phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	13	26	silk tyrosine	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	27	39	cross-linked	T070	C0178576
27345138	40	49	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27345138	50	60	Phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	66	80	cytocompatible	T080	C1524057
27345138	81	95	pH sensing dye	T130	C0013343
27345138	122	140	cell culture media	T130	C1139023
27345138	146	153	removed	T080	C0849355
27345138	164	169	media	T130	C0010454
27345138	194	204	structural	T082	C0678594
27345138	205	212	mimicry	T044	C0242943
27345138	216	224	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27345138	226	236	Phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	242	247	media	T130	C0010454
27345138	268	285	live cell imaging	T060	C1537000
27345138	296	306	absorbance	T067	C2825050
27345138	311	333	fluorescence quenching	T043	C3546682
27345138	337	349	fluorophores	T121,T130	C0598447
27345138	354	362	overcome	T052	C2983310
27345138	369	382	complications	T046	C0009566
27345138	397	411	cytocompatible	T080	C1524057
27345138	416	426	degradable	T169	C0243125
27345138	427	437	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	440	453	silk tyrosine	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	454	466	cross-linked	T070	C0178576
27345138	467	476	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27345138	483	518	horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme	T116,T126,T130	C0019941
27345138	523	540	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27345138	542	546	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27345138	549	559	Phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	569	573	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27345138	581	589	tyrosine	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	590	602	crosslinking	T070	C0178576
27345138	603	614	accelerated	T169	C0521110
27345138	615	626	di-tyrosine	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	627	636	formation	T169	C1522492
27345138	642	655	concentration	T081	C1446561
27345138	658	676	dependent reaction	T067	C0596319
27345138	678	688	Phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	689	698	diffusion	T070	C0012222
27345138	699	706	studies	T062	C2603343
27345138	711	725	UV-Vis spectra	T059	C0037812
27345138	729	739	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	742	755	silk tyrosine	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	756	765	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27345138	779	782	pHs	T081	C0020283
27345138	790	797	altered	T169	C0392747
27345138	798	808	absorption	T067	C2825050
27345138	816	826	confirming	T033	C0750484
27345138	827	837	entrapment	T033	C1285497
27345138	841	844	dye	T130	C0013343
27345138	856	872	hydrogel network	T122	C0600484
27345138	874	879	LC-MS	T059	C0872318
27345138	883	886	HRP	T116,T126,T130	C0019941
27345138	896	906	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	911	930	N-acetyl-l-tyrosine	T116,T123	C0067794
27345138	931	948	reaction products	T071	C1514468
27345138	949	958	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27345138	959	973	covalent bonds	T070	C0596391
27345138	986	1009	phenolic hydroxyl group	T109,T121	C0359916
27345138	1013	1023	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1028	1036	tyrosine	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	1044	1048	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27345138	1059	1069	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1070	1084	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27345138	1097	1106	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27345138	1129	1139	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1172	1186	cytocompatible	T080	C1524057
27345138	1196	1214	live-dead staining	T059	C0487602
27345138	1219	1230	alamar blue	T109,T130	C0253754
27345138	1231	1242	assessments	T052	C1516048
27345138	1246	1258	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27345138	1259	1270	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27345138	1283	1299	spectral overlap	T033	C2828079
27345138	1308	1318	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1319	1329	absorbance	T067	C2825050
27345138	1337	1339	nm	T081	C0439202
27345138	1344	1355	di-tyrosine	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	1356	1368	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27345138	1376	1378	nm	T081	C0439202
27345138	1380	1390	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1393	1397	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	1398	1407	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27345138	1421	1431	absorbance	T067	C2825050
27345138	1436	1448	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27345138	1456	1466	pH sensing	T169	C0205245
27345138	1484	1487	pKa	T080	C1948059
27345138	1499	1503	good	T080	C0205170
27345138	1504	1521	cytocompatibiltiy	T080	C1524057
27345138	1523	1533	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1536	1540	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	1541	1550	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27345138	1566	1576	pH sensing	T169	C0205245
27345138	1580	1603	phenol red free systems	T169	C0449913
27345138	1605	1631	cellular microenvironments	T070	C3179020
27345138	1636	1647	bioreactors	T074	C0376432
27345138	1649	1659	Phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1660	1669	entrapped	T033	C1997680
27345138	1677	1686	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27345138	1699	1709	pH sensing	T169	C0205245
27345138	1713	1723	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1724	1741	free environments	T082	C0014406
27345138	1754	1764	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1771	1781	pH sensors	T073	C0183210
27345138	1790	1817	covalent binding techniques	T169	C0449851
27345138	1827	1838	complicated	T169	C0231242
27345138	1850	1854	lack	T080	C0332268
27345138	1858	1863	amino	T197	C0596072
27345138	1867	1882	carboxyl groups	T109	C0596260
27345138	1886	1896	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1918	1927	no simple	T080	C0205556
27345138	1929	1937	reliable	T170	C3858758
27345138	1938	1947	technique	T169	C0449851
27345138	1951	1961	covalently	T070	C0596391
27345138	1962	1966	link	T070	C0178576
27345138	1967	1977	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	1981	1989	hydrogel	T122	C0600484
27345138	2004	2013	real-time	T079	C1550177
27345138	2014	2024	pH sensing	T169	C0205245
27345138	2028	2040	cell culture	T059	C0040284
27345138	2041	2053	environments	T082	C0014406
27345138	2084	2099	phenolic groups	T109,T121	C0359916
27345138	2104	2112	covalent	T070	C0596391
27345138	2113	2120	linkage	T169	C0332220
27345138	2124	2134	phenol red	T109,T121,T130	C0031430
27345138	2138	2151	silk tyrosine	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	2171	2174	HRP	T116,T126,T130	C0019941
27345138	2179	2183	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27345138	2189	2196	novelty	T080	C0205314
27345138	2204	2218	current system	T073	C0034762
27345138	2260	2272	silk protein	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27345138	2285	2299	cytocompatible	T080	C1524057
27345138	2301	2311	degradable	T169	C0243125
27345138	2312	2318	sensor	T073	C0183210
27345138	2330	2339	real-time	T079	C1550177
27345138	2340	2350	pH sensing	T169	C0205245
27345138	2354	2384	cell culture microenvironments	T070	C3179020

27346336|t|Common Laboratory Parameters for Differentiating Between Community-Acquired and Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia
27346336|a|The correct diagnosis of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) as opposed to community-acquired pneumonia is essential for the selection of a correct empirical antimicrobial approach, reserving the broad-spectrum or highly potent antimicrobial therapies for resistant strains most commonly present in HCAP, whereas treating the less resistant strains, most commonly associated with community and long-term care facility - acquired infections, with a more targeted empirical approach. The standard approach today is to differentiate between the two based on the medical history of the past 90 days prior to admission. Measurable, quantitative assessment may be able to assist in this decision. The objective of this study is to find a measurable method of differentiating between community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonias. The records of 126 patients admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia were divided into two groups based on the probable cause of their disease, in accordance with common practice. The routine laboratory work taken upon admittance was analyzed using logistical regression and Student's t-test. We have found that the red blood cell distribution width and the neutrophil -to- lymphocyte ratio, both routine parameters obtained in a simple blood count, can each assist in differentiating between community-acquired and healthcare-associated pneumonias. We have found two statistically significant parameters that may be used as adjuncts to the medical history, chest radiography and other parameters in forming an immediate clinical impression of a patient presenting with pneumonia.
27346336	0	6	Common	T081	C0205214
27346336	7	17	Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27346336	18	28	Parameters	T033	C0449381
27346336	33	48	Differentiating	T169	C2945687
27346336	57	75	Community-Acquired	T047	C0694549
27346336	80	111	Healthcare-Associated Pneumonia	T047	C1443237
27346336	116	123	correct	T080	C2349182
27346336	124	133	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27346336	137	168	healthcare-associated pneumonia	T047	C1443237
27346336	170	174	HCAP	T047	C1443237
27346336	190	218	community-acquired pneumonia	T047	C0694549
27346336	222	231	essential	T080	C0205224
27346336	240	249	selection	T052	C1707391
27346336	255	262	correct	T080	C2349182
27346336	263	272	empirical	T080	C1880496
27346336	273	286	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
27346336	311	325	broad-spectrum	T077	C2827424
27346336	329	342	highly potent	T080	C3245505
27346336	343	366	antimicrobial therapies	T061	C0087111
27346336	371	380	resistant	T169	C0332325
27346336	381	388	strains	T001	C1518614
27346336	414	418	HCAP	T047	C1443237
27346336	428	436	treating	T169	C1522326
27346336	446	455	resistant	T169	C0332325
27346336	456	463	strains	T001	C1518614
27346336	479	494	associated with	T080	C0332281
27346336	495	504	community	T096	C0009462
27346336	509	532	long-term care facility	T073,T093	C1708733
27346336	535	554	acquired infections	T046	C3714514
27346336	568	576	targeted	T169	C1521840
27346336	577	595	empirical approach	T062	C0871728
27346336	601	618	standard approach	T080	C0205556
27346336	619	624	today	T079	C0750526
27346336	631	644	differentiate	T169	C2945687
27346336	674	689	medical history	T033	C0262926
27346336	697	701	past	T079	C1444699
27346336	705	709	days	T079	C0439228
27346336	719	728	admission	T058	C0184666
27346336	730	740	Measurable	T169	C1513040
27346336	742	754	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27346336	755	765	assessment	T058	C0220825
27346336	781	787	assist	T080	C1269765
27346336	796	804	decision	T041	C0679006
27346336	847	857	measurable	T169	C1513040
27346336	858	864	method	T170	C0025663
27346336	868	883	differentiating	T169	C2945687
27346336	892	910	community-acquired	T047	C0694549
27346336	915	947	healthcare-associated pneumonias	T047	C1443237
27346336	953	960	records	T170	C0034869
27346336	968	976	patients	T101	C0030705
27346336	977	985	admitted	T058	C0184666
27346336	993	1002	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27346336	1006	1015	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27346336	1038	1044	groups	T078	C0441833
27346336	1067	1089	cause of their disease	UnknownType	C0679232
27346336	1110	1125	common practice	T041	C0237607
27346336	1131	1138	routine	T080	C0205547
27346336	1139	1154	laboratory work	T059	C0022885
27346336	1166	1176	admittance	T058	C0184666
27346336	1181	1189	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27346336	1196	1217	logistical regression	T062	C0206031
27346336	1222	1238	Student's t-test	T081,T170	C0871453
27346336	1263	1296	red blood cell distribution width	T059	C0427460
27346336	1305	1315	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27346336	1305	1337	neutrophil -to- lymphocyte ratio	T081	C0456603
27346336	1321	1331	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
27346336	1344	1362	routine parameters	T033	C0449381
27346336	1384	1395	blood count	T059	C0005771
27346336	1406	1412	assist	T080	C1269765
27346336	1416	1431	differentiating	T169	C2945687
27346336	1440	1458	community-acquired	T047	C0694549
27346336	1463	1495	healthcare-associated pneumonias	T047	C1443237
27346336	1515	1551	statistically significant parameters	T081	C0871428
27346336	1588	1603	medical history	T033	C0262926
27346336	1605	1622	chest radiography	T060	C0039985
27346336	1627	1643	other parameters	T033	C0449381
27346336	1658	1667	immediate	T079	C0205253
27346336	1668	1687	clinical impression	T033	C2973287
27346336	1693	1700	patient	T101	C0030705
27346336	1717	1726	pneumonia	T047	C0032285

27346839|t|Long-term antibiofilm activity of carboxymethyl chitosan on mixed biofilm on silicone
27346839|a|Silicone voice prostheses are most frequently used in voice rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients. However, the functional device lifetimes are limited due to formation of mixed biofilms. Existing in vitro models simulating biofilm formation are restricted to only short-term periods. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of carboxymethyl chitosan on mixed biofilm formation of fungi and bacteria on silicone over a long-term period. Mixed species biofilms of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus salivarius, Rothia dentocariosa, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were cultivated on the surfaces of medical-grade silicone with and without addition of carboxymethyl chitosan. Biofilm kinetics was monitored using specially designed image analysis software to calculate the percentual surface covering of each platelet. Biofilm architecture was investigated by scanning electron microscopy. A cover of living mixed biofilm could be generated over 22 days on silicone and the maximum of 22% biofilm surface covering at day 22. However, less than 4% surface coverage was observed on the carboxymethyl chitosan - treated plates in the testing period. Scanning electron microscopy confirms that, on surfaces treated by carboxymethyl chitosan, the biofilm was less dense. In addition, there were fewer layers of cells and profuse cellular debris, together with degrading and morphologically altered yeast cells. Carboxymethyl chitosan may serve as a possible antibiofilm agent to limit biofilm formation on voice prostheses. NA Laryngoscope, 126:E404-E408, 2016.
27346839	0	9	Long-term	T079	C0443252
27346839	10	30	antibiofilm activity	T052	C0441655
27346839	34	56	carboxymethyl chitosan	T109,T121	C1744331
27346839	60	73	mixed biofilm	T007	C0081786
27346839	77	85	silicone	T109,T122	C0037114
27346839	86	94	Silicone	T109,T122	C0037114
27346839	95	111	voice prostheses	T074	C0087165
27346839	121	131	frequently	T079	C0332183
27346839	140	160	voice rehabilitation	T061	C0199531
27346839	164	179	laryngectomized	T061	C0023065
27346839	180	188	patients	T101	C0030705
27346839	203	220	functional device	T033	C1385354
27346839	221	230	lifetimes	T079	C4071830
27346839	235	242	limited	T169	C0439801
27346839	243	249	due to	T169	C0678226
27346839	250	259	formation	T169	C1522492
27346839	263	277	mixed biofilms	T007	C0081786
27346839	288	303	in vitro models	T062	C1515654
27346839	315	332	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27346839	337	347	restricted	T169	C0443288
27346839	356	366	short-term	T079	C0443303
27346839	367	374	periods	T079	C1948053
27346839	380	384	goal	T170	C0018017
27346839	393	398	study	T062	C2603343
27346839	420	426	effect	T080	C1280500
27346839	430	452	carboxymethyl chitosan	T109,T121	C1744331
27346839	456	479	mixed biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27346839	483	488	fungi	T004	C0016832
27346839	493	501	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27346839	505	513	silicone	T109,T122	C0037114
27346839	521	530	long-term	T079	C0443252
27346839	531	537	period	T079	C1948053
27346839	545	552	species	T185	C1705920
27346839	553	561	biofilms	T007	C0081786
27346839	565	581	Candida albicans	T004	C0006837
27346839	583	601	Candida tropicalis	T004	C0319882
27346839	603	624	Lactobacillus gasseri	T007	C0317620
27346839	626	650	Streptococcus salivarius	T007	C0318179
27346839	652	671	Rothia dentocariosa	T007	C0318071
27346839	677	703	Staphylococcus epidermidis	T007	C0038174
27346839	709	719	cultivated	T067	C1254366
27346839	727	735	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27346839	739	761	medical-grade silicone	T109,T122	C0037114
27346839	791	813	carboxymethyl chitosan	T109,T121	C1744331
27346839	815	831	Biofilm kinetics	T070	C0022702
27346839	862	894	designed image analysis software	T170	C3203922
27346839	898	907	calculate	T052	C1441506
27346839	912	939	percentual surface covering	T169	C0205245
27346839	948	956	platelet	T025	C0005821
27346839	958	978	Biofilm architecture	T082	C1254362
27346839	983	995	investigated	T169	C1292732
27346839	999	1027	scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27346839	1031	1036	cover	T169	C1999244
27346839	1040	1046	living	T078	C0376558
27346839	1047	1060	mixed biofilm	T007	C0081786
27346839	1088	1092	days	T079	C0439228
27346839	1096	1104	silicone	T109,T122	C0037114
27346839	1113	1120	maximum	T081	C0806909
27346839	1128	1135	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27346839	1136	1152	surface covering	T169	C0205245
27346839	1156	1159	day	T079	C0439228
27346839	1173	1182	less than	T081	C0439092
27346839	1186	1202	surface coverage	T169	C1999244
27346839	1207	1215	observed	T169	C1441672
27346839	1223	1245	carboxymethyl chitosan	T109,T121	C1744331
27346839	1248	1255	treated	T169	C1522326
27346839	1270	1277	testing	T169	C0039593
27346839	1278	1284	period	T079	C1948053
27346839	1286	1314	Scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27346839	1315	1323	confirms	T033	C0750484
27346839	1333	1341	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27346839	1342	1349	treated	T169	C1522326
27346839	1353	1375	carboxymethyl chitosan	T109,T121	C1744331
27346839	1381	1388	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27346839	1393	1397	less	T080	C0547044
27346839	1398	1403	dense	T080	C0439794
27346839	1429	1434	fewer	T081	C0205388
27346839	1445	1450	cells	T025	C0007634
27346839	1455	1478	profuse cellular debris	T033	C4055264
27346839	1480	1488	together	T080	C1883357
27346839	1508	1531	morphologically altered	T190	C1260954
27346839	1532	1537	yeast	T004	C0043393
27346839	1532	1543	yeast cells	T025	C0007634
27346839	1545	1567	Carboxymethyl chitosan	T109,T121	C1744331
27346839	1583	1591	possible	T033	C0332149
27346839	1592	1609	antibiofilm agent	T167	C0439861
27346839	1619	1636	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27346839	1640	1656	voice prostheses	T074	C0087165
27346839	1661	1673	Laryngoscope	T074	C0180453

27347474|t|Online public reactions to frequency of diagnostic errors in US outpatient care
27347474|a|Diagnostic errors pose a significant threat to patient safety but little is known about public perceptions of diagnostic errors. A study published in BMJ Quality & Safety in 2014 estimated that diagnostic errors affect at least 5% of US adults (or 12 million) per year. We sought to explore online public reactions to media reports on the reported frequency of diagnostic errors in the US adult population. We searched the World Wide Web for any news article reporting findings from the study. We then gathered all the online comments made in response to the news articles to evaluate public reaction to the newly reported diagnostic error frequency (n=241). Two coders conducted content analyses of the comments and an experienced qualitative researcher resolved differences. Overall, there were few comments made regarding the frequency of diagnostic errors. However, in response to the media coverage, 44 commenters shared personal experiences of diagnostic errors. Additionally, commentary centered on diagnosis - related quality of care as affected by two emergent categories: (1) US health care providers (n=79; 63 commenters) and (2) US health care reform-related policies, most commonly the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and insurance/reimbursement issues (n=62; 47 commenters). The public appears to have substantial concerns about the impact of the ACA and other reform initiatives on the diagnosis - related quality of care. However, policy discussions on diagnostic errors are largely absent from the current national conversation on improving quality and safety. Because outpatient diagnostic errors have emerged as a major safety concern, researchers and policymakers should consider evaluating the effects of policy and practice changes on diagnostic accuracy.
27347474	0	23	Online public reactions	T033	C0243095
27347474	27	36	frequency	T079	C0439603
27347474	40	57	diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
27347474	61	63	US	T083	C0041703
27347474	64	79	outpatient care	T073,T093	C4035927
27347474	80	97	Diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
27347474	117	123	threat	T078	C0749385
27347474	127	141	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27347474	168	174	public	T092	C0678367
27347474	175	186	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27347474	190	207	diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
27347474	211	216	study	T062	C2603343
27347474	217	226	published	T057	C0034037
27347474	230	250	BMJ Quality & Safety	T170	C0282574
27347474	274	291	diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
27347474	314	316	US	T083	C0041703
27347474	317	323	adults	T100	C0001675
27347474	340	348	per year	T079	C0439508
27347474	371	394	online public reactions	T033	C0243095
27347474	398	403	media	T170	C0009458
27347474	404	411	reports	T170	C0684224
27347474	428	437	frequency	T079	C0439603
27347474	441	458	diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
27347474	466	468	US	T083	C0041703
27347474	469	474	adult	T100	C0001675
27347474	475	485	population	T081	C0032659
27347474	503	517	World Wide Web	T073	C0282111
27347474	526	530	news	T170	C0282425
27347474	531	538	article	T170	C1706852
27347474	549	557	findings	T169	C2607943
27347474	567	572	study	T062	C2603343
27347474	599	605	online	T073,T170	C0029038
27347474	606	614	comments	T170	C0947611
27347474	623	631	response	T170	C1706817
27347474	639	643	news	T170	C0282425
27347474	644	652	articles	T170	C1706852
27347474	656	664	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27347474	665	680	public reaction	T033	C0243095
27347474	703	719	diagnostic error	T080	C0011922
27347474	720	729	frequency	T079	C0439603
27347474	743	749	coders	T097	C1554661
27347474	760	776	content analyses	T062	C0681915
27347474	784	792	comments	T170	C0947611
27347474	800	811	experienced	T041	C0596545
27347474	812	823	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27347474	824	834	researcher	T097	C0035173
27347474	835	843	resolved	T033	C3714811
27347474	844	855	differences	T080	C1705242
27347474	881	889	comments	T170	C0947611
27347474	909	918	frequency	T079	C0439603
27347474	922	939	diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
27347474	953	961	response	T170	C1706817
27347474	969	983	media coverage	T057	C0681284
27347474	988	998	commenters	T097	C1522486
27347474	1006	1026	personal experiences	T055	C0683573
27347474	1030	1047	diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
27347474	1063	1073	commentary	T170	C0282411
27347474	1086	1095	diagnosis	T080	C1704338
27347474	1098	1105	related	T169	C1552599
27347474	1106	1121	quality of care	T058	C0034379
27347474	1150	1160	categories	T170	C0683312
27347474	1166	1168	US	T083	C0041703
27347474	1169	1190	health care providers	T097	C0018724
27347474	1201	1211	commenters	T097	C1522486
27347474	1221	1223	US	T083	C0041703
27347474	1224	1259	health care reform-related policies	T089	C0018735
27347474	1279	1298	Affordable Care Act	T089	C2936611
27347474	1300	1303	ACA	T089	C2936611
27347474	1309	1339	insurance/reimbursement issues	T090	C1512805
27347474	1350	1360	commenters	T097	C1522486
27347474	1367	1373	public	T092	C0678367
27347474	1390	1410	substantial concerns	T078	C2699424
27347474	1421	1427	impact	T080	C4049986
27347474	1435	1438	ACA	T089	C2936611
27347474	1449	1467	reform initiatives	T041	C0424093
27347474	1475	1484	diagnosis	T080	C1704338
27347474	1487	1494	related	T169	C1552599
27347474	1495	1510	quality of care	T058	C0034379
27347474	1521	1527	policy	T170	C0242456
27347474	1528	1539	discussions	T054	C2584313
27347474	1543	1560	diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
27347474	1573	1579	absent	T169	C0332197
27347474	1597	1618	national conversation	T054	C0871703
27347474	1632	1639	quality	T080	C0332306
27347474	1644	1650	safety	T068	C0036043
27347474	1660	1670	outpatient	T101	C0029921
27347474	1671	1688	diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
27347474	1713	1719	safety	T068	C0036043
27347474	1720	1727	concern	T078	C2699424
27347474	1729	1740	researchers	T097	C0035173
27347474	1745	1757	policymakers	T097	C1522486
27347474	1774	1784	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27347474	1789	1799	effects of	T080	C1704420
27347474	1800	1806	policy	T170	C0242456
27347474	1811	1819	practice	T041	C0032893
27347474	1820	1827	changes	T169	C0392747
27347474	1831	1850	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285

27347631|t|Retroperitoneal hemorrhage after ureteroscopy without laser lithotripsy: an extreme example of an underreported event?
27347631|a|Retroperitoneal hemorrhage and an associated hematoma are uncommon but potentially serious complications following ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy. However, no reports of serious bleeding complications have been published regarding ureteroscopy without laser lithotripsy in the management of stone disease. We report of such a case here and then review the current literature in order to discuss the incidence, risk factors, and management of such events.
27347631	0	26	Retroperitoneal hemorrhage	T046	C0151705
27347631	33	45	ureteroscopy	T060	C0401276
27347631	46	53	without	T080	C0332288
27347631	54	71	laser lithotripsy	T061	C0206099
27347631	98	111	underreported	T078	C1706613
27347631	112	117	event	T051	C0441471
27347631	119	145	Retroperitoneal hemorrhage	T046	C0151705
27347631	164	172	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27347631	177	185	uncommon	T080	C0522498
27347631	202	209	serious	T080	C0205404
27347631	210	223	complications	T046	C0009566
27347631	224	233	following	T079	C0332282
27347631	234	246	ureteroscopy	T060	C0401276
27347631	252	269	laser lithotripsy	T061	C0206099
27347631	280	290	no reports	T078	C1706613
27347631	294	301	serious	T080	C0205404
27347631	302	310	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27347631	311	324	complications	T046	C0009566
27347631	355	367	ureteroscopy	T060	C0401276
27347631	368	375	without	T080	C0332288
27347631	376	393	laser lithotripsy	T061	C0206099
27347631	401	411	management	T058	C0376636
27347631	415	428	stone disease	T031	C0042018
27347631	469	475	review	T170	C0282441
27347631	488	498	literature	T170	C0023866
27347631	523	532	incidence	T169	C0220856
27347631	534	546	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27347631	552	562	management	T058	C0376636
27347631	571	577	events	T051	C0441471

27347668|t|Spectral fingerprints of large-scale cortical dynamics during ambiguous motion perception
27347668|a|Ambiguous stimuli have been widely used to study the neuronal correlates of consciousness. Recently, it has been suggested that conscious perception might arise from the dynamic interplay of functionally specialized but widely distributed cortical areas. While previous research mainly focused on phase coupling as a correlate of cortical communication, more recent findings indicated that additional coupling modes might coexist and possibly subserve distinct cortical functions. Here, we studied two coupling modes, namely phase and envelope coupling, which might differ in their origins, putative functions and dynamics. Therefore, we recorded 128-channel EEG while participants performed a bistable motion task and utilized state-of-the-art source-space connectivity analysis techniques to study the functional relevance of different coupling modes for cortical communication. Our results indicate that gamma-band phase coupling in extrastriate visual cortex might mediate the integration of visual tokens into a moving stimulus during ambiguous visual stimulation. Furthermore, our results suggest that long-range fronto-occipital gamma-band envelope coupling sustains the horizontal percept during ambiguous motion perception. Additionally, our results support the idea that local parieto-occipital alpha-band phase coupling controls the inter- hemispheric information transfer. These findings provide correlative evidence for the notion that synchronized oscillatory brain activity reflects the processing of sensory input as well as the information integration across several spatiotemporal scales. The results indicate that distinct coupling modes are involved in different cortical computations and that the rich spatiotemporal correlation structure of the brain might constitute the functional architecture for cortical processing and specific multi-site communication. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4099-4111, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27347668	0	21	Spectral fingerprints	T059	C0037812
27347668	37	45	cortical	T023	C0007776
27347668	46	54	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27347668	55	61	during	T079	C0347984
27347668	62	71	ambiguous	T080	C0237467
27347668	72	89	motion perception	T041	C0026598
27347668	90	99	Ambiguous	T169	C1274012
27347668	100	107	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27347668	143	151	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27347668	152	162	correlates	T080	C1707520
27347668	166	179	consciousness	T041	C0234421
27347668	218	227	conscious	T041	C0234421
27347668	228	238	perception	T041	C0030971
27347668	260	267	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27347668	329	343	cortical areas	T023	C0007776
27347668	387	401	phase coupling	T042	C4042905
27347668	407	416	correlate	T080	C1707520
27347668	420	428	cortical	T023	C0007776
27347668	491	505	coupling modes	T042	C4042905
27347668	551	569	cortical functions	T042	C0234393
27347668	592	606	coupling modes	T042	C4042905
27347668	615	642	phase and envelope coupling	T042	C4042905
27347668	704	712	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27347668	749	752	EEG	T060	C0013819
27347668	759	771	participants	T098	C0679646
27347668	784	804	bistable motion task	T060	C0025365
27347668	848	860	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27347668	861	869	analysis	T062	C0936012
27347668	870	880	techniques	T169	C0449851
27347668	894	914	functional relevance	T077	C2700217
27347668	928	942	coupling modes	T042	C4042905
27347668	947	955	cortical	T023	C0007776
27347668	997	1022	gamma-band phase coupling	T042	C4042905
27347668	1026	1038	extrastriate	T029	C3498366
27347668	1039	1052	visual cortex	T023	C0042817
27347668	1086	1099	visual tokens	T060	C0031734
27347668	1107	1113	moving	T040	C0560560
27347668	1114	1122	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27347668	1130	1139	ambiguous	T080	C0237467
27347668	1140	1158	visual stimulation	T060	C0031734
27347668	1237	1254	envelope coupling	T042	C4042905
27347668	1294	1303	ambiguous	T080	C0237467
27347668	1304	1321	motion perception	T041	C0026598
27347668	1371	1394	local parieto-occipital	T023	C1518897
27347668	1395	1420	alpha-band phase coupling	T042	C4042905
27347668	1441	1452	hemispheric	T082	C0205139
27347668	1453	1473	information transfer	T169	C0205245
27347668	1498	1509	correlative	T080	C1707520
27347668	1510	1518	evidence	T078	C3887511
27347668	1539	1551	synchronized	T079	C0439580
27347668	1564	1578	brain activity	T039	C0443158
27347668	1592	1613	processing of sensory	T042	C1327511
27347668	1635	1658	information integration	T040	C0679019
27347668	1674	1695	spatiotemporal scales	T062	C3494293
27347668	1723	1746	distinct coupling modes	T081	C0392762
27347668	1773	1781	cortical	T023	C0007776
27347668	1782	1794	computations	T052	C1880157
27347668	1813	1839	spatiotemporal correlation	T062	C3494293
27347668	1840	1862	structure of the brain	T023	C0006104
27347668	1884	1894	functional	T169	C0205245
27347668	1912	1920	cortical	T023	C0007776

27347792|t|A quasi-experimental study of a reminiscence program focused on autobiographical memory in institutionalized older adults with cognitive impairment
27347792|a|Working with past memories through reminiscence interventions has been practiced for several decades with successful outcomes on mental health in older adults. Few studies however have focused on autobiographical memory recall in older individuals with cognitive impairment. This study aims to analyze the impact of an individual reminiscence program in a group of older persons with cognitive decline living in nursing homes on the dimensions of cognition, autobiographical memory, mood, behavior and anxiety. A two-group pre-test and post-test design with single blinded assessment was conducted. Forty-one participants were randomized to an experimental group (n=20) and a control group (n=21). The first group attended five weekly individual reminiscence sessions. Changes in the outcome measures were examined for cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment; Autobiographical Memory Test), behavior (Alzheimer Disease Assessment Subscale Non-Cog) and emotional status (Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia; Geriatric Depression Scale, and Geriatric Anxiety Inventory). Participants attending reminiscence sessions exhibited better outcomes compared to the control group in cognition, anxiety and depression (p<0.001), and presented a higher number of retrieved autobiographical events, specificity of evoked memories and positive valence of events (p<0.001), and also presented lower latency time for recalling events, and lower negative recalled events (p<0.01). This study supports the potential value of reminiscence therapy in improving the recall of autobiographical memory. Reminiscence therapy can be helpful to maintain or improve cognitive function, decrease anxiety and manage depressive symptoms and altered behavior, but further investigation is needed to clarify long-term effects.
27347792	2	26	quasi-experimental study	T062	C0681814
27347792	32	52	reminiscence program	T061	C0150321
27347792	64	87	autobiographical memory	T041	C0561843
27347792	109	121	older adults	T098	C0001792
27347792	127	147	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27347792	161	174	past memories	T041	C0233793
27347792	183	209	reminiscence interventions	T061	C0150321
27347792	233	248	several decades	T081	C2981279
27347792	265	273	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27347792	277	290	mental health	T041	C0025353
27347792	294	306	older adults	T098	C0001792
27347792	312	319	studies	T062	C2603343
27347792	344	367	autobiographical memory	T041	C0561843
27347792	368	374	recall	T041	C0034770
27347792	378	395	older individuals	T098	C3826770
27347792	401	421	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27347792	428	433	study	T062	C2603343
27347792	467	477	individual	T098	C0237401
27347792	478	498	reminiscence program	T061	C0150321
27347792	513	526	older persons	T098	C3826770
27347792	532	549	cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
27347792	560	573	nursing homes	T073,T093	C0028688
27347792	595	604	cognition	T041	C0009240
27347792	606	629	autobiographical memory	T041	C0561843
27347792	631	635	mood	T041	C0026516
27347792	637	645	behavior	T053	C0004927
27347792	650	657	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27347792	671	700	pre-test and post-test design	T170	C0032919
27347792	706	731	single blinded assessment	T058	C0220825
27347792	757	769	participants	T098	C0679646
27347792	792	810	experimental group	T098	C1257890
27347792	824	837	control group	T096	C0009932
27347792	883	893	individual	T098	C0237401
27347792	894	906	reminiscence	T041	C0871247
27347792	907	915	sessions	T051	C1883016
27347792	932	948	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27347792	954	962	examined	T033	C0332128
27347792	967	976	cognition	T041	C0009240
27347792	978	1007	Montreal Cognitive Assessment	T170	C3496286
27347792	1009	1037	Autobiographical Memory Test	T170	C0392366
27347792	1040	1048	behavior	T053	C0004927
27347792	1050	1095	Alzheimer Disease Assessment Subscale Non-Cog	T170	C0450989
27347792	1101	1117	emotional status	T033	C0243095
27347792	1119	1147	Cornell Scale for Depression	T170	C0679604
27347792	1151	1159	Dementia	T048	C0497327
27347792	1161	1187	Geriatric Depression Scale	T170	C0451184
27347792	1193	1220	Geriatric Anxiety Inventory	T170	C0282574
27347792	1223	1235	Participants	T098	C0679646
27347792	1246	1267	reminiscence sessions	T051	C1883016
27347792	1285	1293	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27347792	1310	1323	control group	T096	C0009932
27347792	1327	1336	cognition	T041	C0009240
27347792	1338	1345	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27347792	1350	1360	depression	T048	C0011570
27347792	1405	1414	retrieved	T041	C0034770
27347792	1415	1438	autobiographical events	T051	C0441471
27347792	1462	1470	memories	T041	C0025260
27347792	1495	1501	events	T051	C0441471
27347792	1555	1564	recalling	T041	C0034770
27347792	1565	1571	events	T051	C0441471
27347792	1592	1600	recalled	T041	C0034770
27347792	1601	1607	events	T051	C0441471
27347792	1661	1681	reminiscence therapy	T061	C0150321
27347792	1699	1705	recall	T041	C0034770
27347792	1709	1732	autobiographical memory	T041	C0561843
27347792	1734	1754	Reminiscence therapy	T061	C0150321
27347792	1793	1811	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
27347792	1822	1829	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27347792	1841	1860	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27347792	1865	1881	altered behavior	T055	C0542299

27347943|t|Characterization and Genomic Analysis of a Highly Efficient Dibutyl Phthalate - Degrading Bacterium Gordonia sp. Strain QH-12
27347943|a|A bacterial strain QH-12 isolated from activated sludge was identified as Gordonia sp. based on analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and was found to be capable of utilizing dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and other common phthalate esters (PAEs) as the sole carbon and energy source. The degradation kinetics of DBP under different concentrations by the strain QH-12 fit well with the modified Gompertz model (R² > 0.98). However, strain QH-12 could not utilize the major intermediate product phthalate (phthalic acid; PA) as the sole carbon and energy source, and only a little amount of PA was detected. The QH-12 genome analysis revealed the presence of putative hydrolase / esterase genes involved in PAEs - degradation but no phthalic acid catabolic gene cluster was found, suggesting that a novel degradation pathway of PAEs was present in Gordonia sp. QH-12. This information will be valuable for obtaining a more holistic understanding on diverse genetic mechanisms of PAEs -degrading Gordonia sp. strains.
27347943	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27347943	21	37	Genomic Analysis	T059	C3854164
27347943	43	59	Highly Efficient	T080	C0442799
27347943	60	77	Dibutyl Phthalate	T109,T121	C0012052
27347943	80	89	Degrading	T044	C0314674
27347943	90	125	Bacterium Gordonia sp. Strain QH-12	T007	C3788476
27347943	128	150	bacterial strain QH-12	T007	C3788476
27347943	151	159	isolated	T169	C0205409
27347943	165	181	activated sludge	T069	C0282346
27347943	200	212	Gordonia sp.	T007	C1295793
27347943	222	230	analysis	T062	C0936012
27347943	234	242	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
27347943	243	247	gene	T028	C0017337
27347943	248	256	sequence	T169	C1519249
27347943	298	315	dibutyl phthalate	T109,T121	C0012052
27347943	317	320	DBP	T109,T121	C0012052
27347943	339	355	phthalate esters	T121	C1254351
27347943	357	361	PAEs	T121	C1254351
27347943	375	381	carbon	T196	C0007009
27347943	386	399	energy source	T033	C0449417
27347943	405	416	degradation	T044	C0314674
27347943	417	425	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27347943	429	432	DBP	T109,T121	C0012052
27347943	439	463	different concentrations	T081	C0392762
27347943	471	483	strain QH-12	T007	C3788476
27347943	502	525	modified Gompertz model	T170	C3161035
27347943	548	560	strain QH-12	T007	C3788476
27347943	583	609	major intermediate product	T071	C1514468
27347943	610	619	phthalate	T109	C0220894
27347943	621	634	phthalic acid	T109	C0070968
27347943	636	638	PA	T109	C0070968
27347943	652	658	carbon	T196	C0007009
27347943	663	676	energy source	T033	C0449417
27347943	689	702	little amount	T081	C1265611
27347943	706	708	PA	T109	C0070968
27347943	713	721	detected	T033	C0442726
27347943	727	732	QH-12	T007	C3788476
27347943	733	748	genome analysis	T059	C3854164
27347943	774	792	putative hydrolase	T028	C1334064
27347943	795	809	esterase genes	T028	C1333471
27347943	822	826	PAEs	T121	C1254351
27347943	829	840	degradation	T044	C0314674
27347943	848	861	phthalic acid	T109	C0070968
27347943	862	871	catabolic	T169	C0311402
27347943	872	884	gene cluster	T028	C0017258
27347943	914	939	novel degradation pathway	T077	C1511758
27347943	943	947	PAEs	T121	C1254351
27347943	963	981	Gordonia sp. QH-12	T007	C3788476
27347943	1072	1079	genetic	T169	C0314603
27347943	1080	1090	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27347943	1094	1098	PAEs	T121	C1254351
27347943	1110	1130	Gordonia sp. strains	T007	C1295793

27348135|t|Multimorbidity in Heart Failure: Effect on Outcomes
27348135|a|To investigate the effect of the number and type of comorbid conditions on death and hospitalizations in individuals with incident heart failure (HF). Population-based cohort study. Olmsted County, Minnesota. Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with incident HF from 2000 to 2010 (mean age 76 ± 14, 56% female) (N = 1,714). The prevalence of 16 chronic conditions obtained at HF diagnosis classified into three groups: cardiovascular (CV) related, other physical, and mental. The mean number of conditions per participant was 2.6 ± 1.5 for CV -related conditions, 1.3 ± 1.1 for other physical conditions, and 0.30 ± 0.61 for mental conditions. After a mean follow-up of 4.2 years, 1,073 death s and 6,306 hospitalizations had occurred. After adjustment for age, sex, ejection fraction, in- or outpatient status, and number of other conditions, an increase of one other physical condition was associated with a 14% (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.08-1.20) greater risk of death and a 26% (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.20-1.32) greater risk of hospitalization, and an increase of one mental condition was associated with a 31% (HR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.19-1.44) greater risk of death and an 18% (HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.07-1.29) greater risk of hospitalization. In contrast, an increase of one CV -related condition was not associated with greater risk of death and was associated with a 10% (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.06-1.15) greater risk of hospitalization. CV -related conditions are the most common type of comorbid conditions in individuals with HF, but other physical and mental conditions are more strongly associated with death and hospitalizations. This underscores the effect of non-CV conditions on outcomes in HF.
27348135	0	14	Multimorbidity	T078	C1535889
27348135	18	31	Heart Failure	T047	C0018801
27348135	43	51	Outcomes	T033	C0679250
27348135	55	66	investigate	T169	C1292732
27348135	104	123	comorbid conditions	T033	C1275743
27348135	127	132	death	T040	C0011065
27348135	137	153	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27348135	157	168	individuals	T098	C0027361
27348135	183	196	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27348135	198	200	HF	T047	C0018801
27348135	203	219	Population-based	T062	C1709599
27348135	220	232	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27348135	234	259	Olmsted County, Minnesota	T083	C3828711
27348135	261	286	Olmsted County, Minnesota	T083	C3828711
27348135	312	314	HF	T047	C0018801
27348135	334	338	mean	T081	C0444504
27348135	339	342	age	T032	C0001779
27348135	356	362	female	T032	C0086287
27348135	398	405	chronic	T079	C0205191
27348135	406	416	conditions	T033	C2707292
27348135	429	431	HF	T047	C0018801
27348135	432	441	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27348135	472	486	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27348135	488	490	CV	T029	C3887460
27348135	507	515	physical	T169	C0205485
27348135	521	527	mental	T041	C0229992
27348135	533	537	mean	T081	C0444504
27348135	548	558	conditions	T033	C2707292
27348135	563	574	participant	T098	C0679646
27348135	593	595	CV	T029	C3887460
27348135	605	615	conditions	T033	C2707292
27348135	637	656	physical conditions	T032	C3714565
27348135	678	695	mental conditions	T080	C3840291
27348135	705	709	mean	T081	C0444504
27348135	727	732	years	T079	C0439234
27348135	740	745	death	T040	C0011065
27348135	758	774	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27348135	810	813	age	T032	C0001779
27348135	815	818	sex	T032	C0079399
27348135	820	837	ejection fraction	T060	C0489482
27348135	846	856	outpatient	T101	C0029921
27348135	885	895	conditions	T033	C2707292
27348135	922	940	physical condition	T032	C3714565
27348135	968	970	HR	T201	C0018810
27348135	983	985	CI	T081	C0009667
27348135	1007	1011	risk	T078	C0035647
27348135	1015	1020	death	T040	C0011065
27348135	1032	1034	HR	T201	C0018810
27348135	1047	1049	CI	T081	C0009667
27348135	1071	1075	risk	T078	C0035647
27348135	1079	1094	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27348135	1119	1135	mental condition	T080	C3840291
27348135	1163	1165	HR	T201	C0018810
27348135	1178	1180	CI	T081	C0009667
27348135	1202	1206	risk	T078	C0035647
27348135	1210	1215	death	T040	C0011065
27348135	1228	1230	HR	T201	C0018810
27348135	1243	1245	CI	T081	C0009667
27348135	1267	1271	risk	T078	C0035647
27348135	1275	1290	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27348135	1324	1326	CV	T029	C3887460
27348135	1336	1345	condition	T033	C2707292
27348135	1378	1382	risk	T078	C0035647
27348135	1386	1391	death	T040	C0011065
27348135	1423	1425	HR	T201	C0018810
27348135	1438	1440	CI	T081	C0009667
27348135	1462	1466	risk	T078	C0035647
27348135	1470	1485	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27348135	1487	1489	CV	T029	C3887460
27348135	1499	1509	conditions	T033	C2707292
27348135	1538	1557	comorbid conditions	T033	C1275743
27348135	1561	1572	individuals	T098	C0027361
27348135	1578	1580	HF	T047	C0018801
27348135	1592	1600	physical	T169	C0205485
27348135	1605	1622	mental conditions	T080	C3840291
27348135	1657	1662	death	T040	C0011065
27348135	1667	1683	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27348135	1716	1733	non-CV conditions	T033	C2707292
27348135	1749	1751	HF	T047	C0018801

27348285|t|Economic Burden of Illness Among Patients with Severe Asthma in a Managed Care Setting
27348285|a|Despite intensive pharmacotherapy, a considerable number of patients with severe asthma have inadequate disease control. Patients with severe asthma who experience exacerbations consume significant health care resources. To assess health care resource utilization and associated costs among patients with persistent severe asthma who experienced exacerbations compared with patients with persistent but nonsevere asthma. This retrospective analysis of a national administrative claims database identified patients aged ≥ 12 years who had at least 1 medical claim with an asthma diagnosis in 2012 and had continuous medical and pharmacy coverage under a commercial or Medicare Advantage plan from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2013. Patients were assigned to 1 of 2 mutually exclusive cohorts - persistent asthma (PA) or severe asthma (SA)-according to an established algorithm based on asthma -related health care resource use and pharmacy claims for controller medication. SA patients were required to meet PA criteria and also have evidence of ≥2 asthma exacerbations in 2012. Asthma -related health care resource utilization and costs were computed from asthma medication use (rescue and controller therapy) and medical claims with an asthma diagnosis in the primary position in 2012 and 2013. Adherence to controller therapy was assessed over 365 days by using the proportion of days covered (PDC), starting with the first claim for controller therapy in 2012. Differences between the PA and SA cohorts were analyzed by t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables. Asthma -related costs in 2013 were also analyzed using a generalized linear model with a gamma distribution and log link, adjusted for patient demographics (age, gender, region, and insurance type) and Quan-Charlson comorbidity score. A total of 65,359 patients were included: 63,597 (97.3%) PA patients and 1,762 SA patients (2.7%). Compared with the PA cohort, the SA cohort was older (mean age = 50.8 years vs. 46.5 years, P < 0.001) and had higher mean comorbidity score (1.47 vs. 1.31, P< 0.001). The mean count of all asthma medications fills was 2.2-fold (2012) and 2.1-fold (2013) higher in the SA cohort, compared with the PA cohort (P< 0.001). Mean PDC for all oral and inhaled controller therapy was also higher in the SA cohort compared with the PA cohort (0.80 vs. 0.65, P< 0.001). SA patients had a significantly greater mean count of asthma -related hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and ambulatory visits in 2012 and 2013 (P< 0.001). Unadjusted mean annual asthma -related costs in the SA versus PA cohorts were $6,496 versus $2,739 (P < 0.001) in 2012 and $5,174 versus $1,775 (P< 0.001) in 2013. Higher asthma -related costs were driven by greater mean annual asthma medication costs in 2012 ($4,545 vs. $1,738, P< 0.001) and 2013 ($4,068 vs. $1,348, P< 0.001). Adjusted mean annual asthma -related costs in 2013 were $3,336 greater (cost ratio =2.878, P< 0.001) in the SA cohort, and adjusted mean annual asthma medication costs were $2,672 higher (cost ratio=2.982, P< 0.001) in the SA cohort. Patients with SA who experienced 2 or more exacerbations had 2.1-fold greater use of controller medications across both study years and were more adherent to controller therapy than patients with PA. Despite more intensive pharmacotherapy, SA patients incurred 2.9-fold higher adjusted asthma -related costs and 3-fold higher adjusted asthma medication costs than PA patients. Patients with SA consistently demonstrated a higher rate of health care utilization. Funding for this study (HO-14-14443) was provided by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK). All listed authors meet the criteria for authorship set forth by the International Committee for Medical Journal Editors. Albers, Forshag, and Yancey are employees of GSK and hold stock in GSK. Dalal, Nagar, and Ortega were employees of GSK at the time this research was conducted. Chastek and Korrer are employees of Optum, which received consulting fees from GSK for research related to this study. Study concept and design were contributed by Chastek, Nagar, and Dalal. Korrer took the lead in data collection, along with Chastek, and data interpretation was performed by Chastek, Ortega, Forshag, and Dalal. The manuscript was written by Chastek and Dalal and revised by Albers and Yancy, assisted by the other authors.
27348285	0	15	Economic Burden	T081	C1512163
27348285	19	26	Illness	T184	C0221423
27348285	33	41	Patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	47	60	Severe Asthma	T033	C0581126
27348285	74	86	Care Setting	T073,T093	C4034203
27348285	105	120	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27348285	137	143	number	T081	C0237753
27348285	147	155	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	161	174	severe asthma	T033	C0581126
27348285	180	190	inadequate	T080	C0205412
27348285	191	198	disease	T047	C0012634
27348285	199	206	control	T080	C0243148
27348285	208	216	Patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	222	235	severe asthma	T033	C0581126
27348285	240	250	experience	T041	C0596545
27348285	251	264	exacerbations	T033	C0349790
27348285	285	306	health care resources	T081	C0683535
27348285	311	317	assess	T052	C1516048
27348285	318	338	health care resource	T081	C0683535
27348285	339	350	utilization	T169	C0042153
27348285	366	371	costs	T081	C0085123
27348285	378	386	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	392	402	persistent	T079	C0205322
27348285	403	416	severe asthma	T033	C0581126
27348285	421	432	experienced	T041	C0596545
27348285	433	446	exacerbations	T033	C0349790
27348285	461	469	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	475	485	persistent	T079	C0205322
27348285	500	506	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	513	526	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27348285	527	535	analysis	T062	C0936012
27348285	541	580	national administrative claims database	T170	C0242356
27348285	581	591	identified	T080	C0205396
27348285	592	600	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	601	605	aged	T032	C0001779
27348285	611	616	years	T079	C0439234
27348285	636	649	medical claim	UnknownType	C0586198
27348285	658	664	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	665	674	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27348285	702	709	medical	T033	C2136534
27348285	714	731	pharmacy coverage	T033	C2114292
27348285	740	750	commercial	T170	C0680536
27348285	754	777	Medicare Advantage plan	T064	C3844556
27348285	822	830	Patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	836	844	assigned	T169	C1516050
27348285	874	881	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27348285	884	901	persistent asthma	T047	C3266628
27348285	903	905	PA	T047	C3266628
27348285	910	923	severe asthma	T033	C0581126
27348285	925	927	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	957	966	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27348285	976	982	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	992	1012	health care resource	T081	C0683535
27348285	1013	1016	use	T169	C0457083
27348285	1021	1036	pharmacy claims	T033	C2114292
27348285	1041	1062	controller medication	T121	C0013227
27348285	1064	1066	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	1067	1075	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	1093	1097	meet	T067	C1550543
27348285	1098	1100	PA	T047	C3266628
27348285	1101	1109	criteria	T078	C0243161
27348285	1124	1132	evidence	T078	C3887511
27348285	1139	1159	asthma exacerbations	T033	C0349790
27348285	1169	1175	Asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	1185	1205	health care resource	T081	C0683535
27348285	1206	1217	utilization	T169	C0042153
27348285	1222	1227	costs	T081	C0085123
27348285	1233	1241	computed	T052	C1880157
27348285	1247	1253	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	1254	1264	medication	T058	C2081612
27348285	1265	1268	use	T169	C0457083
27348285	1270	1276	rescue	T169	C0039798
27348285	1281	1299	controller therapy	T169	C0039798
27348285	1305	1319	medical claims	UnknownType	C0586198
27348285	1328	1334	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	1335	1344	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27348285	1352	1368	primary position	T082	C0444508
27348285	1387	1396	Adherence	T169	C1510802
27348285	1400	1418	controller therapy	T169	C0039798
27348285	1423	1431	assessed	T052	C1516048
27348285	1441	1445	days	T079	C0439228
27348285	1459	1485	proportion of days covered	T079	C1254367
27348285	1487	1490	PDC	T079	C1254367
27348285	1517	1522	claim	UnknownType	C0586198
27348285	1527	1545	controller therapy	T169	C0039798
27348285	1555	1566	Differences	T080	C1705242
27348285	1579	1581	PA	T047	C3266628
27348285	1586	1588	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	1589	1596	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27348285	1602	1610	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27348285	1614	1620	t-test	T170	C0871472
27348285	1625	1645	continuous variables	T080	C0439828
27348285	1650	1665	chi-square test	T170	C0008041
27348285	1670	1691	categorical variables	T080	C0439828
27348285	1693	1699	Asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	1709	1714	costs	T081	C0085123
27348285	1733	1741	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27348285	1762	1774	linear model	T081	C0023732
27348285	1782	1800	gamma distribution	T081	C1708185
27348285	1805	1813	log link	T081,T170	C0026348
27348285	1815	1823	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27348285	1828	1835	patient	T101	C0030705
27348285	1836	1848	demographics	T185	C1698647
27348285	1850	1853	age	T032	C0001779
27348285	1855	1861	gender	T032	C0079399
27348285	1863	1869	region	T083	C0017446
27348285	1875	1889	insurance type	T170	C0680873
27348285	1895	1926	Quan-Charlson comorbidity score	T081	C0449820
27348285	1946	1954	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	1985	1987	PA	T047	C3266628
27348285	1988	1996	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	2007	2009	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	2010	2018	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	2027	2035	Compared	T052	C1707455
27348285	2045	2047	PA	T047	C3266628
27348285	2048	2054	cohort	T098	C0599755
27348285	2060	2062	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	2063	2069	cohort	T098	C0599755
27348285	2074	2079	older	T098	C3826770
27348285	2081	2089	mean age	T032	C0001779
27348285	2097	2102	years	T079	C0439234
27348285	2112	2117	years	T079	C0439234
27348285	2150	2167	comorbidity score	T081	C0449820
27348285	2217	2223	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	2224	2235	medications	T058	C2081612
27348285	2296	2298	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	2299	2306	cohort,	T098	C0599755
27348285	2307	2315	compared	T052	C1707455
27348285	2325	2327	PA	T047	C3266628
27348285	2328	2334	cohort	T098	C0599755
27348285	2352	2355	PDC	T079	C1254367
27348285	2364	2368	oral	T122	C1272919
27348285	2373	2380	inhaled	T040	C0004048
27348285	2381	2399	controller therapy	T061	C0087111
27348285	2423	2425	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	2426	2432	cohort	T098	C0599755
27348285	2433	2441	compared	T052	C1707455
27348285	2451	2453	PA	T047	C3266628
27348285	2454	2460	cohort	T098	C0599755
27348285	2488	2490	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	2491	2499	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	2520	2538	greater mean count	T081	C1704243
27348285	2542	2548	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	2558	2574	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27348285	2576	2597	emergency room visits	T058	C0586082
27348285	2603	2620	ambulatory visits	T033	C4035875
27348285	2673	2679	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	2689	2694	costs	T081	C0010186
27348285	2702	2704	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	2712	2714	PA	T047	C3266628
27348285	2715	2722	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27348285	2821	2827	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	2837	2842	costs	T081	C0010186
27348285	2878	2884	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	2885	2895	medication	T058	C2081612
27348285	2896	2901	costs	T081	C0010186
27348285	2980	2988	Adjusted	T169	C0456081
27348285	3001	3007	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	3017	3022	costs	T081	C0010186
27348285	3052	3062	cost ratio	T081	C0392762
27348285	3088	3090	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	3091	3097	cohort	T098	C0599755
27348285	3103	3111	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27348285	3124	3130	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	3131	3141	medication	T058	C2081612
27348285	3142	3147	costs	T081	C0010186
27348285	3203	3205	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	3206	3212	cohort	T098	C0599755
27348285	3214	3222	Patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	3228	3230	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	3235	3246	experienced	T041	C0596545
27348285	3257	3270	exacerbations	T033	C0349790
27348285	3292	3295	use	T169	C0457083
27348285	3299	3321	controller medications	T061	C0087111
27348285	3340	3345	years	T079	C0439234
27348285	3360	3368	adherent	T169	C0334154
27348285	3372	3390	controller therapy	T169	C0039798
27348285	3396	3404	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	3410	3412	PA	T047	C3266628
27348285	3437	3452	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27348285	3454	3456	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	3457	3465	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	3491	3499	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27348285	3500	3506	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	3516	3521	costs	T081	C0010186
27348285	3540	3548	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27348285	3549	3555	asthma	T047	C0004096
27348285	3556	3566	medication	T058	C2081612
27348285	3567	3572	costs	T081	C0010186
27348285	3578	3580	PA	T047	C3266628
27348285	3581	3589	patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	3591	3599	Patients	T101	C0030705
27348285	3605	3607	SA	T033	C0581126
27348285	3608	3620	consistently	T078	C0332290
27348285	3651	3662	health care	T058	C0086388
27348285	3663	3674	utilization	T169	C0042153
27348285	3676	3683	Funding	T081	C0243098
27348285	3693	3698	study	T062	C2603343
27348285	3729	3744	GlaxoSmithKline	T093	C1552903
27348285	3746	3749	GSK	T093	C1552903
27348285	3763	3770	authors	T097	C3812881
27348285	3771	3775	meet	T067	C1550543
27348285	3780	3788	criteria	T078	C0243161
27348285	3793	3803	authorship	T057	C0004351
27348285	3821	3872	International Committee for Medical Journal Editors	T096	C2699414
27348285	3874	3880	Albers	T170	C0805191
27348285	3882	3889	Forshag	T170	C0805191
27348285	3895	3901	Yancey	T170	C0805191
27348285	3906	3915	employees	T097	C0599987
27348285	3919	3922	GSK	T093	C1552903
27348285	3941	3944	GSK	T093	C1552903
27348285	3946	3951	Dalal	T170	C0805191
27348285	3953	3958	Nagar	T170	C0805191
27348285	3964	3970	Ortega	T170	C0805191
27348285	3976	3985	employees	T097	C0599987
27348285	3989	3992	GSK	T093	C1552903
27348285	4000	4004	time	T079	C0040223
27348285	4010	4018	research	T062	C0035168
27348285	4034	4041	Chastek	T170	C0805191
27348285	4046	4052	Korrer	T170	C0805191
27348285	4057	4066	employees	T097	C0599987
27348285	4070	4075	Optum	T093	C0596660
27348285	4092	4107	consulting fees	T081	C0015751
27348285	4113	4116	GSK	T093	C1552903
27348285	4121	4129	research	T062	C0035168
27348285	4146	4151	study	T062	C2603343
27348285	4153	4166	Study concept	T078	C0178566
27348285	4171	4177	design	T052	C1707689
27348285	4183	4194	contributed	T052	C1880177
27348285	4198	4205	Chastek	T170	C0805191
27348285	4207	4212	Nagar	T170	C0805191
27348285	4218	4223	Dalal	T170	C0805191
27348285	4225	4231	Korrer	T170	C0805191
27348285	4249	4264	data collection	T062	C0010995
27348285	4277	4284	Chastek	T170	C0805191
27348285	4290	4309	data interpretation	T081	C0010998
27348285	4327	4334	Chastek	T170	C0805191
27348285	4336	4342	Ortega	T170	C0805191
27348285	4344	4351	Forshag	T170	C0805191
27348285	4357	4362	Dalal	T170	C0805191
27348285	4368	4378	manuscript	T073,T170	C0600659
27348285	4394	4401	Chastek	T170	C0805191
27348285	4406	4411	Dalal	T170	C0805191
27348285	4416	4423	revised	T169	C3244319
27348285	4427	4433	Albers	T170	C0805191
27348285	4438	4443	Yancy	T170	C0805191
27348285	4445	4453	assisted	T080	C1269765
27348285	4467	4474	authors	T097	C3812881

27348352|t|Contemporary mandibular reconstruction
27348352|a|Multiple disease processes, including neoplasia, trauma, and medication side-effects, necessitate segmental resection and subsequent reconstruction of the mandible. As surgical techniques have advanced, several technologies have been developed with the potential to significantly transform a surgeon's approach to the restoration of mandibular continuity. The purpose of this review is to highlight many of these relatively newer tools and discuss their evolving role in mandibular reconstruction. Several contemporary studies have documented the application of different approaches and modifications to mandibular reconstruction - including computer-aided design or computer-aided modeling, contemporary plating systems, osseointegrated implants, and various modifications to existing osseocutaneous free tissue transfer options - and have reported relatively high success rates. In discussing these reports, we present a survey of current and developing technologies in the field of mandibular reconstruction and aim to provide sufficient context for the gradual integration of these techniques into practice.
27348352	0	12	Contemporary	T079	C1254367
27348352	13	38	mandibular reconstruction	T061	C2242551
27348352	39	47	Multiple	T081	C0439064
27348352	48	65	disease processes	T046	C0030660
27348352	77	86	neoplasia	T191	C1882062
27348352	88	94	trauma	T037	C3714660
27348352	100	123	medication side-effects	T170	C0392325
27348352	137	156	segmental resection	T061	C2987624
27348352	161	171	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27348352	172	202	reconstruction of the mandible	T061	C2242551
27348352	207	226	surgical techniques	UnknownType	C0679633
27348352	232	240	advanced	T169	C0205245
27348352	250	262	technologies	T090	C0039421
27348352	292	301	potential	T080	C3245505
27348352	331	340	surgeon's	T097	C0582175
27348352	341	349	approach	T090	C0039421
27348352	357	368	restoration	UnknownType	C0678689
27348352	372	393	mandibular continuity	T023	C0024687
27348352	415	421	review	T170	C0282443
27348352	469	474	tools	T090	C0039421
27348352	510	535	mandibular reconstruction	T061	C2242551
27348352	545	565	contemporary studies	T062	C2603343
27348352	571	581	documented	T058	C1301725
27348352	611	621	approaches	T090	C0039421
27348352	626	639	modifications	UnknownType	C0579005
27348352	643	668	mandibular reconstruction	T061	C2242551
27348352	681	702	computer-aided design	T066	C0162517
27348352	706	729	computer-aided modeling	T066	C0009609
27348352	731	743	contemporary	T079	C1254367
27348352	744	759	plating systems	T074	C0445192
27348352	761	785	osseointegrated implants	T074	C0441368
27348352	799	812	modifications	UnknownType	C0579005
27348352	825	851	osseocutaneous free tissue	T024	C0040300
27348352	852	868	transfer options	T169	C0348011
27348352	900	904	high	T080	C0205250
27348352	905	912	success	T054	C0597535
27348352	913	918	rates	T081	C1521828
27348352	940	947	reports	T170	C0684224
27348352	962	968	survey	T170	C0038951
27348352	995	1007	technologies	T090	C0039421
27348352	1024	1049	mandibular reconstruction	T061	C2242551
27348352	1125	1135	techniques	T169	C0449851
27348352	1141	1149	practice	T091	C3825997

27348405|t|Differential regulation of spontaneous and evoked inhibitory synaptic transmission in somatosensory cortex by retinoic acid
27348405|a|Retinoic acid (RA), a developmental morphogen, has emerged in recent studies as a novel synaptic signaling molecule that acts in mature hippocampal neurons to modulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the context of homeostatic synaptic plasticity. However, it is unclear whether RA is capable of modulating neural circuits outside of the hippocampus, and if so, whether the mode of RA's action at synapses is similar to that within the hippocampal network. Here we explore for the first time RA 's synaptic function outside the hippocampus and uncover a novel function of all-trans retinoic acid at inhibitory synapses. Acute RA treatment increases spontaneous inhibitory synaptic transmission in L2/3 pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex, and this effect requires expression of RA's receptor RARα both pre- and post-synaptically. Intriguingly, RA does not seem to affect evoked inhibitory transmission assayed with either extracellular stimulation or direct activation of action potentials in presynaptic interneurons at connected pairs of interneurons and pyramidal neurons. Taken together, these results suggest that RA's action at synapses is not monotonous, but is diverse depending on the type of synaptic connection (excitatory versus inhibitory) and circuit (hippocampal versus cortical). Thus, synaptic signaling of RA may mediate multi-faceted regulation of synaptic plasticity. In addition to its classic roles in brain development, retinoic acid (RA) has recently been shown to regulate excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the adult brain. Here, the authors show that in layer 2/3 (L2/3) of the somatosensory cortex (S1), acute RA induces increases in spontaneous but not action-potential evoked transmission, and that this requires retinoic acid receptor (RARα) both in presynaptic PV -positive interneurons and postsynaptic pyramidal (PN) neurons.
27348405	0	23	Differential regulation	T042	C1325907
27348405	27	38	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27348405	43	49	evoked	T080	C1444748
27348405	50	82	inhibitory synaptic transmission	T042	C2255939
27348405	86	106	somatosensory cortex	T023	C0037658
27348405	110	123	retinoic acid	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	124	137	Retinoic acid	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	139	141	RA	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	146	159	developmental	T080	C0458003
27348405	160	169	morphogen	T121	C1254351
27348405	206	211	novel	T080	C0205314
27348405	212	220	synaptic	T043	C4236609
27348405	221	239	signaling molecule	T123	C1519315
27348405	253	259	mature	T079	C0205286
27348405	260	271	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27348405	272	279	neurons	T025	C0027882
27348405	283	291	modulate	UnknownType	C0678672
27348405	292	302	excitatory	T042	C0234107
27348405	307	339	inhibitory synaptic transmission	T042	C2255939
27348405	358	369	homeostatic	T038	C0019868
27348405	370	389	synaptic plasticity	T042	C0027880
27348405	422	424	RA	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	439	449	modulating	UnknownType	C0678672
27348405	450	465	neural circuits	UnknownType	C0814033
27348405	466	473	outside	T082	C0205101
27348405	481	492	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27348405	517	536	mode of RA's action	T169	C1524059
27348405	540	548	synapses	T030	C0039062
27348405	552	559	similar	T080	C2348205
27348405	568	574	within	T082	C0332285
27348405	579	590	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27348405	635	637	RA	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	641	658	synaptic function	T043	C0027793
27348405	659	666	outside	T082	C0205101
27348405	671	682	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27348405	697	702	novel	T080	C0205314
27348405	703	711	function	T169	C0542341
27348405	715	738	all-trans retinoic acid	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	742	761	inhibitory synapses	T026	C1512777
27348405	763	768	Acute	T079	C0205178
27348405	769	771	RA	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	772	781	treatment	T169	C1522326
27348405	782	791	increases	T169	C0442805
27348405	792	803	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27348405	804	836	inhibitory synaptic transmission	T042	C2255939
27348405	840	862	L2/3 pyramidal neurons	T025	C0206441
27348405	870	890	somatosensory cortex	T023	C0037658
27348405	901	907	effect	T080	C1280500
27348405	917	927	expression	T045	C0597360
27348405	931	944	RA's receptor	T116,T192	C0140279
27348405	945	949	RARα	T116,T192	C0140279
27348405	955	981	pre- and post-synaptically	T043	C0027793
27348405	997	999	RA	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	1024	1030	evoked	T080	C1444748
27348405	1031	1054	inhibitory transmission	T042	C2255939
27348405	1075	1088	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27348405	1111	1142	activation of action potentials	T043	C4233793
27348405	1146	1157	presynaptic	T026	C0206181
27348405	1158	1170	interneurons	T025	C0021792
27348405	1193	1205	interneurons	T025	C0021792
27348405	1210	1227	pyramidal neurons	T025	C0206441
27348405	1251	1258	results	T033	C0683954
27348405	1272	1276	RA's	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	1277	1283	action	T052	C3266814
27348405	1287	1295	synapses	T030	C0039062
27348405	1322	1329	diverse	T080	C1880371
27348405	1355	1374	synaptic connection	T043	C0027793
27348405	1376	1386	excitatory	T042	C0234107
27348405	1394	1404	inhibitory	T042	C2255939
27348405	1410	1417	circuit	UnknownType	C0814033
27348405	1419	1430	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27348405	1438	1447	cortical)	T023	C0007776
27348405	1455	1473	synaptic signaling	T043	C4236609
27348405	1477	1479	RA	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	1506	1539	regulation of synaptic plasticity	T042	C1326639
27348405	1560	1573	classic roles	T077	C1705810
27348405	1577	1594	brain development	T042	C1160340
27348405	1596	1609	retinoic acid	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	1611	1613	RA	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	1642	1650	regulate	T042	C1325907
27348405	1651	1661	excitatory	T042	C0234107
27348405	1666	1689	inhibitory transmission	T042	C2255939
27348405	1697	1702	adult	T100	C0001675
27348405	1703	1708	brain	T023	C0006104
27348405	1720	1727	authors	T097	C3812881
27348405	1741	1750	layer 2/3	T023	C0934502
27348405	1752	1756	L2/3	T023	C0934502
27348405	1765	1785	somatosensory cortex	T023	C0037658
27348405	1787	1789	S1	T023	C0037658
27348405	1792	1797	acute	T079	C0205178
27348405	1798	1800	RA	T109,T121,T131	C0040845
27348405	1801	1808	induces	T169	C0205263
27348405	1809	1818	increases	T169	C0442805
27348405	1822	1833	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27348405	1842	1858	action-potential	T043	C0001272
27348405	1859	1865	evoked	T080	C1444748
27348405	1866	1878	transmission	T043	C0027793
27348405	1903	1925	retinoic acid receptor	T116,T192	C0140279
27348405	1927	1931	RARα	T116,T192	C0140279
27348405	1941	1952	presynaptic	T026	C0206181
27348405	1953	1955	PV	T116,T123	C0030616
27348405	1966	1978	interneurons	T025	C0021792
27348405	1983	1995	postsynaptic	UnknownType	C0682686
27348405	1996	2018	pyramidal (PN) neurons	T025	C0206441

27348517|t|Radiolabeled B9958 Derivatives for Imaging Bradykinin B1 Receptor Expression with Positron Emission Tomography: Effect of the Radiolabel - Chelator Complex on Biodistribution and Tumor Uptake
27348517|a|Bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R), which is upregulated in a variety of malignancies, is an attractive cancer imaging biomarker. In this study we optimized the selection of radiolabel - chelator complex to improve tumor uptake and tumor -to-background contrast of radiolabeled analogues of B9958 (Lys-Lys-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Cpg-Ser-d-Tic-Cpg), a potent B1R antagonist. Peptide sequences were assembled on solid phase. Cold standards were prepared by incubating DOTA -/ NODA - conjugated peptides with GaCl3, and by incubating AlOH - NODA -conjugated peptide with NaF. Binding affinities were measured via in vitro competition binding assays. (68)Ga and (18)F labeling experiments were performed in acidic buffer and purified by HPLC. Imaging / biodistribution studies were performed in mice bearing both B1R-positive (B1R+) HEK293T :: hB1R and B1R-negative (B1R-) HEK293T tumors. Z02176 (Ga-DOTA-Pip-B9958; Pip: 4-amino-(1-carboxymethyl)piperidine), Z02137 (Ga-NODA-Mpaa-Pip-B9958; Mpaa: 4-methylphenylacetic acid), and Z04139 (AlF-NODA-Mpaa-Pip-B9958) bound h B1R with high affinity (Ki = 1.4-2.5 nM). (68)Ga -/ (18)F - labeled peptides were obtained on average in ≥32% decay-corrected radiochemical yield with >99% radiochemical purity and 100-261 GBq/μmol specific activity. Biodistribution / imaging studies at 1 h postinjection showed that all tracers cleared rapidly from background tissues (except kidneys) and were excreted predominantly via the renal pathway. Only kidneys, bladders, and B1R+ tumors were clearly visualized in PET images. Uptake in B1R+ tumor was higher by using (68)Ga - Z02176 (28.9 ± 6.21 %ID/g) and (18)F - Z04139 (22.6 ± 3.41 %ID/g) than (68)Ga - Z02137 (14.0 ± 4.86 %ID/g). The B1R+ tumor-to-blood and B1R+ tumor-to-muscle contrast ratios were also higher for (68)Ga - Z02176 (56.1 ± 17.3 and 167 ± 57.6) and (18)F - Z04139 (58.0 ± 20.9 and 173 ± 42.9) than (68)Ga - Z02137 (34.3 ± 15.2 and 103 ± 30.2). With improved target-to-background contrast (68)Ga - Z02176 and (18)F - Z04139 are promising for imaging B1R expression in cancers with PET.
27348517	0	12	Radiolabeled	T080	C1527121
27348517	13	30	B9958 Derivatives	T104	C0002776
27348517	35	42	Imaging	T060	C0011923
27348517	43	65	Bradykinin B1 Receptor	T116,T192	C0384601
27348517	66	76	Expression	T045	C1171362
27348517	82	110	Positron Emission Tomography	T060	C0032743
27348517	126	136	Radiolabel	T130	C0597354
27348517	139	147	Chelator	T121,T130	C0007974
27348517	148	155	Complex	T104	C1704241
27348517	159	174	Biodistribution	T169	C1704711
27348517	179	184	Tumor	T191	C0027651
27348517	185	191	Uptake	T043	C3888108
27348517	192	214	Bradykinin B1 receptor	T116,T192	C0384601
27348517	216	219	B1R	T116,T192	C0384601
27348517	231	242	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27348517	259	271	malignancies	T191	C0006826
27348517	290	304	cancer imaging	T060	C1655037
27348517	305	314	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27348517	324	329	study	T062	C2603343
27348517	360	370	radiolabel	T130	C0597354
27348517	373	381	chelator	T121,T130	C0007974
27348517	382	389	complex	T104	C1704241
27348517	401	406	tumor	T191	C0027651
27348517	407	413	uptake	T043	C3888108
27348517	418	423	tumor	T191	C0027651
27348517	451	463	radiolabeled	T080	C1527121
27348517	464	473	analogues	T116	C0597191
27348517	477	482	B9958	T116	C1721886
27348517	484	525	Lys-Lys-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Cpg-Ser-d-Tic-Cpg	T087	C0920679
27348517	537	551	B1R antagonist	T121	C3850093
27348517	553	570	Peptide sequences	T116	C0030956
27348517	589	600	solid phase	T052	C3178929
27348517	602	616	Cold standards	T080	C1442989
27348517	645	649	DOTA	T109,T121	C0088359
27348517	653	657	NODA	T109	C0029224
27348517	660	670	conjugated	T082	C0522529
27348517	671	679	peptides	T116	C0030956
27348517	685	690	GaCl3	T197	C0021521
27348517	710	714	AlOH	T121,T197	C0002371
27348517	717	721	NODA	T109	C0029224
27348517	734	741	peptide	T116	C0030956
27348517	747	750	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
27348517	752	759	Binding	T044	C1167622
27348517	760	770	affinities	T070	C1510827
27348517	789	824	in vitro competition binding assays	T059	C0201712
27348517	826	832	(68)Ga	T130,T196	C0303226
27348517	837	842	(18)F	T130,T196	C0302995
27348517	843	863	labeling experiments	T062	C0022261
27348517	882	895	acidic buffer	T121,T130	C0006353
27348517	912	916	HPLC	T059	C0008562
27348517	918	925	Imaging	T060	C0011923
27348517	928	943	biodistribution	T169	C1704711
27348517	944	951	studies	T062	C2603343
27348517	970	974	mice	T015	C0025929
27348517	988	1000	B1R-positive	T116,T192	C0384601
27348517	1002	1006	B1R+	T116,T192	C0384601
27348517	1008	1015	HEK293T	T025	C0007634
27348517	1019	1023	hB1R	T025	C0007634
27348517	1028	1040	B1R-negative	T033	C1513916
27348517	1042	1046	B1R-	T033	C1513916
27348517	1048	1055	HEK293T	T025	C0007634
27348517	1056	1062	tumors	T191	C0027651
27348517	1064	1070	Z02176	T116	C0030956
27348517	1072	1089	Ga-DOTA-Pip-B9958	T116	C0030956
27348517	1091	1094	Pip	T109	C0031960
27348517	1096	1132	4-amino-(1-carboxymethyl)piperidine)	T109	C0031960
27348517	1134	1140	Z02137	T116	C0030956
27348517	1142	1164	Ga-NODA-Mpaa-Pip-B9958	T116	C0030956
27348517	1166	1170	Mpaa	T109,T121	C0070620
27348517	1172	1197	4-methylphenylacetic acid	T109,T121	C0070620
27348517	1204	1210	Z04139	T116	C0030956
27348517	1212	1235	AlF-NODA-Mpaa-Pip-B9958	T116	C0030956
27348517	1245	1248	B1R	T116,T192	C0384601
27348517	1259	1267	affinity	T070	C1510827
27348517	1287	1293	(68)Ga	T130,T196	C0303226
27348517	1297	1302	(18)F	T130,T196	C0302995
27348517	1305	1312	labeled	T080	C1708632
27348517	1313	1321	peptides	T116	C0030956
27348517	1371	1384	radiochemical	T120	C0599914
27348517	1385	1390	yield	T081	C0392762
27348517	1401	1414	radiochemical	T120	C0599914
27348517	1415	1421	purity	T081	C1882508
27348517	1443	1451	specific	T080	C0205369
27348517	1452	1460	activity	T052	C0441655
27348517	1462	1477	Biodistribution	T169	C1704711
27348517	1480	1487	imaging	T060	C0011923
27348517	1488	1495	studies	T062	C2603343
27348517	1501	1502	h	T079	C0439227
27348517	1533	1540	tracers	T130	C1522485
27348517	1573	1580	tissues	T024	C0040300
27348517	1589	1596	kidneys	T023	C0022646
27348517	1607	1615	excreted	T039	C0221102
27348517	1638	1651	renal pathway	T042	C0035070
27348517	1658	1665	kidneys	T023	C0022646
27348517	1667	1675	bladders	T023	C0005682
27348517	1681	1685	B1R+	T116,T192	C0384601
27348517	1686	1692	tumors	T191	C0027651
27348517	1720	1723	PET	T060	C0032743
27348517	1724	1730	images	T170	C1704922
27348517	1732	1738	Uptake	T043	C3888108
27348517	1742	1746	B1R+	T116,T192	C0384601
27348517	1747	1752	tumor	T191	C0027651
27348517	1773	1779	(68)Ga	T130,T196	C0303226
27348517	1782	1788	Z02176	T116	C0030956
27348517	1813	1818	(18)F	T130,T196	C0303226
27348517	1821	1827	Z04139	T116	C0030956
27348517	1853	1859	(68)Ga	T130,T196	C0303226
27348517	1862	1868	Z02137	T116	C0030956
27348517	1894	1913	B1R+ tumor-to-blood	T081	C0456603
27348517	1918	1954	B1R+ tumor-to-muscle contrast ratios	T081	C0456603
27348517	1976	1982	(68)Ga	T130,T196	C0303226
27348517	1985	1991	Z02176	T116	C0030956
27348517	2025	2030	(18)F	T130,T196	C0303226
27348517	2033	2039	Z04139	T116	C0030956
27348517	2074	2080	(68)Ga	T130,T196	C0303226
27348517	2083	2089	Z02137	T116	C0030956
27348517	2134	2163	target-to-background contrast	T080	C1979874
27348517	2164	2170	(68)Ga	T130,T196	C0303226
27348517	2173	2179	Z02176	T116	C0030956
27348517	2184	2189	(18)F	T130,T196	C0303226
27348517	2192	2198	Z04139	T116	C0030956
27348517	2217	2224	imaging	T060	C0011923
27348517	2225	2228	B1R	T116,T192	C0384601
27348517	2229	2239	expression	T045	C1171362
27348517	2243	2250	cancers	T191	C0006826
27348517	2256	2259	PET	T060	C0032743

27348576|t|Heterogeneous silicon mesostructures for lipid -supported bioelectric interfaces
27348576|a|Silicon -based materials have widespread application as biophysical tools and biomedical devices. Here we introduce a biocompatible and degradable mesostructured form of silicon with multi-scale structural and chemical heterogeneities. The material was synthesized using mesoporous silica as a template through a chemical vapour deposition process. It has an amorphous atomic structure, an ordered nanowire -based framework and random submicrometre voids, and shows an average Young's modulus that is 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than that of single-crystalline silicon. In addition, we used the heterogeneous silicon mesostructures to design a lipid-bilayer -supported bioelectric interface that is remotely controlled and temporally transient, and that permits non - genetic and subcellular optical modulation of the electrophysiology dynamics in single dorsal root ganglia neurons. Our findings suggest that the biomimetic expansion of silicon into heterogeneous and deformable forms can open up opportunities in extracellular biomaterial or bioelectric systems.
27348576	0	13	Heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27348576	14	21	silicon	T196	C0037107
27348576	22	36	mesostructures	T122	C0005479
27348576	41	46	lipid	T109	C0023779
27348576	58	69	bioelectric	T074	C0005485
27348576	70	80	interfaces	T044	C0596179
27348576	81	88	Silicon	T196	C0037107
27348576	96	105	materials	T167	C0520510
27348576	111	121	widespread	T082	C0205391
27348576	137	148	biophysical	T070	C2350452
27348576	149	154	tools	T073	C0336791
27348576	159	177	biomedical devices	T074	C0025080
27348576	199	212	biocompatible	T122	C0005479
27348576	217	227	degradable	T122	C0872311
27348576	228	242	mesostructured	T122	C0005479
27348576	251	258	silicon	T196	C0037107
27348576	264	286	multi-scale structural	T085	C0026383
27348576	291	299	chemical	T169	C0079107
27348576	300	315	heterogeneities	T080	C0019409
27348576	321	329	material	T167	C0520510
27348576	334	345	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27348576	352	369	mesoporous silica	T122,T197	C0037098
27348576	375	383	template	T078	C1705542
27348576	394	428	chemical vapour deposition process	T067	C1522240
27348576	440	449	amorphous	T080	C1979848
27348576	450	456	atomic	T196	C0567415
27348576	457	466	structure	T082	C0678594
27348576	471	478	ordered	T080	C1705176
27348576	479	487	nanowire	T073	C1721063
27348576	509	515	random	T080	C0439605
27348576	516	529	submicrometre	T081	C0439201
27348576	530	535	voids	T082	C1883067
27348576	550	557	average	T081	C1510992
27348576	558	573	Young's modulus	T081	C2350289
27348576	596	605	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27348576	606	618	smaller than	T081	C1553887
27348576	627	645	single-crystalline	T104	C0444626
27348576	646	653	silicon	T196	C0037107
27348576	680	693	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27348576	694	701	silicon	T196	C0037107
27348576	702	716	mesostructures	T122	C0005479
27348576	729	742	lipid-bilayer	T026	C0023768
27348576	754	765	bioelectric	T039	C0598362
27348576	766	775	interface	T044	C0596179
27348576	784	792	remotely	T082	C0205157
27348576	793	803	controlled	T169	C0332298
27348576	808	828	temporally transient	T079	C0205374
27348576	839	846	permits	T080	C0521104
27348576	847	850	non	T169	C1518422
27348576	853	860	genetic	T169	C0314603
27348576	865	876	subcellular	T026	C3893246
27348576	877	895	optical modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27348576	903	920	electrophysiology	UnknownType	C0678837
27348576	921	929	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27348576	933	939	single	T081	C0205171
27348576	940	959	dorsal root ganglia	T023	C0017070
27348576	960	967	neurons	T025	C0027882
27348576	999	1009	biomimetic	T090	C0872312
27348576	1010	1019	expansion	T082	C0205229
27348576	1023	1030	silicon	T196	C0037107
27348576	1036	1049	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27348576	1054	1064	deformable	T169	C0333067
27348576	1065	1070	forms	T080	C0348078
27348576	1100	1113	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27348576	1114	1125	biomaterial	T122	C0005479
27348576	1129	1148	bioelectric systems	T074	C0005485

27348675|t|Gender Authorship Trends of Plastic Surgery Research in the United States
27348675|a|An increasing number of women are entering the medical profession, but plastic surgery remains a male - dominated profession, especially within academia. As academic aspirations and advancement depend largely on research productivity, the authors assessed the number of articles authored by women published in the journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Original articles in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery published during the years 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2004, and 2014 were analyzed. First and senior authors with an M.D. degree and U.S. institutional affiliation were categorized by gender. Authorship trends were compared with those from other specialties. Findings were placed in the context of gender trends among plastic surgery residents in the United States. The percentage of female authors in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery increased from 2.4 percent in 1970 to 13.3 percent in 2014. Over the same time period, the percentage of female plastic surgery residents increased from 2.6 percent to 32.5 percent. By 2014, there were more female first authors (19.1 percent) than senior authors (7.7 percent) (p < 0.001). As a field, plastic surgery had fewer female authors than other medical specialties including pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, general surgery, internal medicine, and radiation oncology (p < 0.05). The increase in representation of female authors in plastic surgery is encouraging but lags behind advances in other specialties. Understanding reasons for these trends may help improve gender equity in academic plastic surgery.
27348675	0	6	Gender	T032	C0079399
27348675	7	17	Authorship	T057	C0004351
27348675	18	24	Trends	T079	C0040833
27348675	28	43	Plastic Surgery	T091	C0038911
27348675	44	52	Research	T062	C0035168
27348675	60	73	United States	T083	C0041703
27348675	77	87	increasing	T169	C0442808
27348675	98	103	women	T098	C0043210
27348675	121	139	medical profession	T091	C0814933
27348675	145	160	plastic surgery	T091	C0038911
27348675	171	175	male	T032	C0086582
27348675	178	187	dominated	T054	C0037413
27348675	188	198	profession	T090	C0028811
27348675	218	226	academia	T092	C1510747
27348675	231	239	academic	T092	C1510747
27348675	240	251	aspirations	T041	C0004056
27348675	286	294	research	T062	C0035168
27348675	295	307	productivity	T081	C0033269
27348675	313	320	authors	T097	C3812881
27348675	321	329	assessed	T052	C1516048
27348675	344	352	articles	T170	C1706852
27348675	365	370	women	T098	C0043210
27348675	371	380	published	T057	C0034037
27348675	388	430	journal Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery	T170	C0282574
27348675	488	497	published	T057	C0034037
27348675	579	585	senior	T098	C0001792
27348675	586	593	authors	T097	C3812881
27348675	602	605	M.D	T170	C1512018
27348675	607	613	degree	T170	C0542560
27348675	669	675	gender	T032	C0079399
27348675	677	687	Authorship	T057	C0004351
27348675	688	694	trends	T079	C0040833
27348675	731	742	specialties	T091	C0037778
27348675	783	789	gender	T032	C0079399
27348675	790	796	trends	T079	C0040833
27348675	803	818	plastic surgery	T091	C0038911
27348675	836	849	United States	T083	C0041703
27348675	869	875	female	T032	C0086287
27348675	876	883	authors	T097	C3812881
27348675	922	931	increased	T081	C0205217
27348675	1027	1033	female	T032	C0086287
27348675	1034	1049	plastic surgery	T091	C0038911
27348675	1060	1069	increased	T081	C0205217
27348675	1129	1135	female	T032	C0086287
27348675	1142	1149	authors	T097	C3812881
27348675	1177	1184	authors	T097	C3812881
27348675	1224	1239	plastic surgery	T091	C0038911
27348675	1250	1256	female	T032	C0086287
27348675	1257	1264	authors	T097	C3812881
27348675	1276	1295	medical specialties	T091	C0037778
27348675	1306	1316	pediatrics	T091	C0030755
27348675	1318	1343	obstetrics and gynecology	T091	C1274104
27348675	1345	1360	general surgery	T091	C1274039
27348675	1362	1379	internal medicine	T091	C0021782
27348675	1385	1403	radiation oncology	T091	C0243005
27348675	1420	1428	increase	T169	C0442805
27348675	1432	1446	representation	T052	C1882932
27348675	1450	1456	female	T032	C0086287
27348675	1457	1464	authors	T097	C3812881
27348675	1468	1483	plastic surgery	T091	C0038911
27348675	1533	1544	specialties	T091	C0037778
27348675	1578	1584	trends	T079	C0040833
27348675	1602	1608	gender	T032	C0079399
27348675	1619	1627	academic	T092	C1510747
27348675	1628	1643	plastic surgery	T091	C0038911

27348711|t|Utilization Pattern and Drug Use of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Western Medicine, and Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine Treatments for Allergic Rhinitis Under the National Health Insurance Program in Taiwan
27348711|a|Patients in Taiwan with allergic rhinitis seek not only Western medicine treatment but also Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment or integrated Chinese-Western medicine treatment. Various studies have conducted pairwise comparison on Traditional Chinese Medicine, Western medicine, and integrated Chinese-Western medicine treatments. However, none conducted simultaneous analysis of the three treatments. This study analyzed patients with allergic rhinitis receiving the three treatments to identify differences in demographic characteristic and medical use and thereby to determine drug use patterns of different treatments. The National Health Insurance Research Database was the data source, and included patients were those diagnosed with allergic rhinitis (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 470-478). Chi-square test and Tukey studentized range (honest significant difference) test were conducted to investigate the differences among the three treatments. Visit frequency for allergic rhinitis treatment was higher in female than male patients, regardless of treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine, Western medicine, or integrated Chinese-Western medicine. Persons aged 0-19 years ranked the highest in proportion of visits for allergic rhinitis. Traditional Chinese Medicine treatment had more medical items per person-time and daily drug cost per person-time and had the lowest total expenditure per person-time. In contrast, Western medicine had the lowest daily drug cost per person-time and the highest total expenditure per person-time. The total expenditure per person-time, daily drug cost per person-time, and medical items per person-time of integrated Chinese-Western medicine treatment lay between those seen with Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine treatments. Although only 6.82 % of patients with allergic rhinitis chose integrated Chinese-Western medicine treatment, the visit frequency per person-year of integrated Chinese-Western medicine ranked highest. In addition, multiple-composition medicines were used more frequently than single-composition medicines, and mar huang (Ephedra sinica Stapf) was seldom used to decrease the risk of combining medications.
27348711	0	11	Utilization	T081	C0013223
27348711	12	19	Pattern	T082	C0449774
27348711	24	32	Drug Use	T041	C0871719
27348711	36	64	Traditional Chinese Medicine	T091	C0025131
27348711	48	55	Chinese	T091	C0025123
27348711	66	82	Western Medicine	T091	C1879848
27348711	88	123	Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine	T091	C0025118
27348711	124	134	Treatments	T061	C0087111
27348711	139	156	Allergic Rhinitis	T047	C2607914
27348711	167	200	National Health Insurance Program	T058	C1254363
27348711	204	210	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27348711	211	219	Patients	T101	C0030705
27348711	223	229	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27348711	235	252	allergic rhinitis	T047	C2607914
27348711	267	283	Western medicine	T091	C1879848
27348711	284	293	treatment	T061	C0087111
27348711	303	331	Traditional Chinese Medicine	T091	C0025131
27348711	332	341	treatment	T061	C0087111
27348711	345	380	integrated Chinese-Western medicine	T091	C0025118
27348711	381	390	treatment	T061	C0087111
27348711	423	442	pairwise comparison	T081	C0086766
27348711	446	474	Traditional Chinese Medicine	T091	C0025131
27348711	476	492	Western medicine	T091	C1879848
27348711	498	533	integrated Chinese-Western medicine	T091	C0025118
27348711	534	544	treatments	T061	C0087111
27348711	570	582	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27348711	583	591	analysis	T062	C0936012
27348711	605	615	treatments	T061	C0087111
27348711	628	636	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27348711	637	645	patients	T101	C0030705
27348711	651	668	allergic rhinitis	T047	C2607914
27348711	689	699	treatments	T061	C0087111
27348711	727	738	demographic	T090	C0011298
27348711	739	753	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27348711	758	765	medical	T169	C0205476
27348711	766	769	use	T169	C0457083
27348711	795	812	drug use patterns	T041	C0871719
27348711	826	836	treatments	T061	C0087111
27348711	842	885	National Health Insurance Research Database	T170	C0282574
27348711	894	905	data source	T081	C0011001
27348711	920	928	patients	T101	C0030705
27348711	940	949	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27348711	955	972	allergic rhinitis	T047	C2607914
27348711	974	1030	International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision	T170	C2346503
27348711	1032	1067	Clinical Modification codes 470-478	T170	C0282574
27348711	1070	1085	Chi-square test	T170	C0008041
27348711	1090	1150	Tukey studentized range (honest significant difference) test	T170	C0392366
27348711	1169	1180	investigate	T169	C1292732
27348711	1213	1223	treatments	T061	C0087111
27348711	1225	1240	Visit frequency	T081	C0808393
27348711	1245	1262	allergic rhinitis	T047	C2607914
27348711	1263	1272	treatment	T061	C0087111
27348711	1287	1293	female	T098	C0043210
27348711	1299	1303	male	T098	C0025266
27348711	1304	1312	patients	T101	C0030705
27348711	1328	1337	treatment	T061	C0087111
27348711	1343	1371	Traditional Chinese Medicine	T091	C0025131
27348711	1373	1389	Western medicine	T091	C1879848
27348711	1394	1429	integrated Chinese-Western medicine	T091	C0025118
27348711	1431	1438	Persons	T098	C0027361
27348711	1466	1473	highest	T080	C1522410
27348711	1477	1487	proportion	T081	C1709707
27348711	1491	1497	visits	T058	C1512346
27348711	1502	1519	allergic rhinitis	T047	C2607914
27348711	1521	1549	Traditional Chinese Medicine	T091	C0025131
27348711	1550	1559	treatment	T061	C0087111
27348711	1569	1576	medical	T169	C0205476
27348711	1587	1598	person-time	T098	C0027361
27348711	1603	1608	daily	T079	C0332173
27348711	1609	1618	drug cost	T081	C0085123
27348711	1623	1634	person-time	T098	C0027361
27348711	1647	1653	lowest	T080	C1708760
27348711	1654	1659	total	T080	C0439810
27348711	1660	1671	expenditure	T081	C0015316
27348711	1676	1687	person-time	T098	C0027361
27348711	1702	1718	Western medicine	T091	C1879848
27348711	1727	1733	lowest	T080	C1708760
27348711	1734	1739	daily	T079	C0332173
27348711	1740	1749	drug cost	T081	C0085123
27348711	1754	1765	person-time	T098	C0027361
27348711	1774	1781	highest	T080	C1522410
27348711	1782	1787	total	T080	C0439810
27348711	1788	1799	expenditure	T081	C0015316
27348711	1804	1815	person-time	T098	C0027361
27348711	1821	1826	total	T080	C0439810
27348711	1827	1838	expenditure	T081	C0015316
27348711	1843	1854	person-time	T098	C0027361
27348711	1856	1861	daily	T079	C0332173
27348711	1862	1871	drug cost	T081	C0085123
27348711	1876	1887	person-time	T098	C0027361
27348711	1893	1900	medical	T169	C0205476
27348711	1901	1906	items	T071	C1551338
27348711	1911	1922	person-time	T098	C0027361
27348711	1926	1961	integrated Chinese-Western medicine	T091	C0025118
27348711	1962	1971	treatment	T061	C0087111
27348711	2000	2028	Traditional Chinese Medicine	T091	C0025131
27348711	2033	2049	Western medicine	T091	C1879848
27348711	2050	2060	treatments	T061	C0087111
27348711	2086	2094	patients	T101	C0030705
27348711	2100	2117	allergic rhinitis	T047	C2607914
27348711	2124	2159	integrated Chinese-Western medicine	T091	C0025118
27348711	2160	2169	treatment	T061	C0087111
27348711	2175	2190	visit frequency	T081	C0808393
27348711	2210	2245	integrated Chinese-Western medicine	T091	C0025118
27348711	2253	2260	highest	T080	C1522410
27348711	2275	2295	multiple-composition	T081	C0439064
27348711	2296	2305	medicines	T121	C0013227
27348711	2321	2331	frequently	T079	C0332183
27348711	2337	2355	single-composition	T081	C0205171
27348711	2356	2365	medicines	T121	C0013227
27348711	2371	2380	mar huang	T109,T121	C0390643
27348711	2382	2402	Ephedra sinica Stapf	T002	C0950030
27348711	2423	2431	decrease	T081	C0547047
27348711	2436	2443	risk of	T078	C0035647
27348711	2454	2465	medications	T121	C0013227

27349182|t|Beneficial effects of voglibose administration on body weight and lipid metabolism via gastrointestinal bile acid modification
27349182|a|This study was designed with the goal of examining the effects of voglibose administration on body weight and lipid metabolism and underlying mechanism high fat diet -induced obese mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: a control diet (CTL), high-fat diet (HF), high-fat diet supplemented with voglibose (VO), and high fat diet pair-fed group (PF). After 12 weeks, the following characteristics were investigated: serum lipid and glucose levels, serum polar metabolite profiles, and expression levels of genes involved in lipid and bile acid metabolism. In addition, pyrosequencing was used to analyze the composition of gut microbiota found in feces. Total body weight gain was significantly lower in the VO group than in the CTL, HF, and PF groups. The VO group exhibited improved metabolic profiles including those of blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. The 12- week voglibose administration decreased the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes found in feces. Circulating levels of taurocholic and cholic acid were significantly higher in the VO group than in the HF and CTL groups. Deoxycholic acid levels tended to be higher in the VO group than in the HF group. Voglibose administration downregulated expression levels of CYP8B1 and HNF4α genes and upregulated those of PGC1α, whereas FXRα was not affected. Voglibose administration elicits changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota and circulating metabolites, which ultimately has systemic effects on body weight and lipid metabolism in mice.
27349182	0	18	Beneficial effects	UnknownType	C0683156
27349182	22	31	voglibose	T109,T121	C0532578
27349182	32	46	administration	T061	C1533734
27349182	50	61	body weight	T032	C0005910
27349182	66	82	lipid metabolism	T044	C0598783
27349182	87	103	gastrointestinal	T022	C0012240
27349182	104	113	bile acid	T109,T123	C0005390
27349182	114	126	modification	UnknownType	C0579005
27349182	132	137	study	T062	C0008972
27349182	160	164	goal	T170	C0018017
27349182	182	189	effects	T169	C0728866
27349182	193	202	voglibose	T109,T121	C0532578
27349182	203	217	administration	T061	C1533734
27349182	221	232	body weight	T032	C0005910
27349182	237	253	lipid metabolism	T044	C0598783
27349182	269	278	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27349182	279	292	high fat diet	T061	C0521974
27349182	302	312	obese mice	T015	C0025933
27349182	314	318	Male	T032	C0086582
27349182	319	331	C57BL/6 mice	T015	C1521751
27349182	370	376	groups	T096	C1642385
27349182	380	392	control diet	T096	C0009932
27349182	394	397	CTL	T096	C0009932
27349182	400	413	high-fat diet	T096	C1642385
27349182	415	417	HF	T096	C1642385
27349182	420	461	high-fat diet supplemented with voglibose	T096	C1642385
27349182	463	465	VO	T096	C1642385
27349182	472	500	high fat diet pair-fed group	T096	C1642385
27349182	502	504	PF	T096	C1642385
27349182	516	521	weeks	T079	C0439230
27349182	537	552	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27349182	572	583	serum lipid	T059	C0428462
27349182	588	602	glucose levels	T034	C0583332
27349182	641	658	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27349182	662	667	genes	T028	C0017337
27349182	680	685	lipid	T044	C0598783
27349182	690	710	bile acid metabolism	T044	C0678714
27349182	725	739	pyrosequencing	T059	C2732543
27349182	764	775	composition	T201	C0486616
27349182	779	793	gut microbiota	T001	C2985398
27349182	803	808	feces	T031	C0015733
27349182	810	832	Total body weight gain	T033	C0043094
27349182	837	856	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27349182	864	872	VO group	T096	C1642385
27349182	885	888	CTL	T096	C0009932
27349182	890	892	HF	T096	C1642385
27349182	898	907	PF groups	T096	C1642385
27349182	913	921	VO group	T096	C1642385
27349182	941	959	metabolic profiles	T039	C3853758
27349182	979	992	blood glucose	T059	C0392201
27349182	994	1006	triglyceride	T034	C0428475
27349182	1012	1036	total cholesterol levels	T034	C0428466
27349182	1046	1050	week	T079	C0439230
27349182	1051	1060	voglibose	T109,T121	C0532578
27349182	1061	1075	administration	T061	C1533734
27349182	1099	1109	Firmicutes	T007	C1254144
27349182	1113	1126	Bacteroidetes	T007	C0995456
27349182	1136	1141	feces	T031	C0015733
27349182	1155	1161	levels	T080	C0441889
27349182	1165	1176	taurocholic	T109,T121,T123	C0039358
27349182	1181	1192	cholic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0055568
27349182	1198	1218	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27349182	1226	1234	VO group	T096	C1642385
27349182	1247	1249	HF	T096	C1642385
27349182	1254	1264	CTL groups	T096	C0009932
27349182	1266	1282	Deoxycholic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0011479
27349182	1283	1289	levels	T080	C0441889
27349182	1317	1325	VO group	T096	C1642385
27349182	1338	1346	HF group	T096	C1642385
27349182	1348	1357	Voglibose	T109,T121	C0532578
27349182	1358	1372	administration	T061	C1533734
27349182	1373	1386	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27349182	1387	1404	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27349182	1408	1414	CYP8B1	T028	C1413895
27349182	1419	1430	HNF4α genes	T028	C1415629
27349182	1435	1446	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27349182	1456	1461	PGC1α	T028	C1418779
27349182	1471	1475	FXRα	T028	C1417825
27349182	1494	1503	Voglibose	T109,T121	C0532578
27349182	1504	1518	administration	T061	C1533734
27349182	1542	1553	composition	T201	C0486616
27349182	1561	1582	intestinal microbiota	T001	C2985398
27349182	1587	1610	circulating metabolites	T123	C0870883
27349182	1633	1649	systemic effects	UnknownType	C0678788
27349182	1653	1664	body weight	T032	C0005910
27349182	1669	1685	lipid metabolism	T044	C0598783
27349182	1689	1693	mice	T015	C0025929

27349310|t|REST levels affect the functional expression of voltage dependent calcium channels and the migratory activity in immortalized GnRH neurons
27349310|a|The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) has emerged as a key controller of neuronal differentiation and has been shown to play a critical role in the expression of the neuronal phenotype; however, much has still to be learned about its role at specific developmental stages and about the functional targets affected. Among these targets, calcium signaling mechanisms are critically dependent on the developmental stage and their full expression is a hallmark of the mature, functional neuron. We have analyzed the role played by REST in GN11 cells, an immortalized cell line derived from gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons at an early developmental stage, electrically non-excitable and with a strong migratory activity. We show for the first time that functional voltage-dependent calcium channels are expressed in wild type GN11 cells; down-regulation of REST by a silencing approach shifts these cells towards a more differentiated phenotype, increasing the functional expression of P / Q-type channels and reducing their migratory potential.
27349310	0	4	REST	T028	C1419346
27349310	0	4	REST	T028	C1419346
27349310	5	11	levels	T080	C0441889
27349310	12	18	affect	T058	C2237113
27349310	23	33	functional	T169	C0205245
27349310	34	44	expression	T045	C0017262
27349310	48	82	voltage dependent calcium channels	T116,T123	C0006685
27349310	91	100	migratory	T169	C0232901
27349310	101	109	activity	T052	C0441655
27349310	113	125	immortalized	T063	C2826170
27349310	126	130	GnRH	T116,T121,T125	C0023610
27349310	131	138	neurons	T025	C0027882
27349310	143	193	repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor	T028	C1419346
27349310	195	199	REST	T028	C1419346
27349310	236	244	neuronal	T129	C0521390
27349310	311	321	expression	T045	C0017262
27349310	329	337	neuronal	T129	C0521390
27349310	338	347	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27349310	414	434	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
27349310	449	459	functional	T169	C0205245
27349310	499	516	calcium signaling	T043	C0600431
27349310	517	527	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27349310	532	552	critically dependent	T080	C0851827
27349310	560	579	developmental stage	T079	C0870411
27349310	595	605	expression	T045	C0017262
27349310	635	645	functional	T169	C0205245
27349310	646	652	neuron	T025	C0027882
27349310	690	694	REST	T028	C1419346
27349310	698	708	GN11 cells	T025	C0007634
27349310	713	730	immortalized cell	T025	C0178708
27349310	749	787	gonadotropin hormone releasing hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0023610
27349310	789	793	GnRH	T116,T121,T125	C0023610
27349310	795	802	neurons	T025	C0027882
27349310	809	814	early	T079	C1279919
27349310	815	834	developmental stage	T079	C0870411
27349310	836	848	electrically	T070	C0013790
27349310	849	862	non-excitable	T033	C0243095
27349310	881	890	migratory	T169	C0232901
27349310	891	899	activity	T052	C0441655
27349310	933	943	functional	T169	C0205245
27349310	944	978	voltage-dependent calcium channels	T116,T123	C0006685
27349310	983	992	expressed	T045	C0017262
27349310	996	1005	wild type	T028	C1883559
27349310	1006	1016	GN11 cells	T025	C0007634
27349310	1018	1033	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
27349310	1037	1041	REST	T028	C1419346
27349310	1047	1056	silencing	T045	C0598496
27349310	1079	1084	cells	T025	C0007634
27349310	1115	1124	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27349310	1141	1151	functional	T169	C0205245
27349310	1152	1162	expression	T045	C0017262
27349310	1166	1167	P	T116,T123	C0752247
27349310	1170	1185	Q-type channels	T116,T123	C0752274
27349310	1205	1214	migratory	T169	C0232901
27349310	1215	1224	potential	T080	C3245505

27349321|t|The knee joint loose body as a source of viable autologous human chondrocytes
27349321|a|Loose bodies are fragments of cartilage or bone present in the synovial fluid. In the present study we assessed if loose bodies could be used as a source of autologous human chondrocytes for experimental purposes. Histochemical examination of loose bodies and differential enzymatic digestions were undertaken, the isolated cells were cultured in alginate bead microspheres and immunolocalisations were undertaken for chondrogenic markers such as aggrecan, and type II collagen. Isolated loose body cells had high viability (≥90% viable), expressed chondrogenic markers (aggrecan, type II collagen) but no type I collagen. Loose bodies may be a useful source of autologous chondrocytes of high viability.
27349321	4	25	knee joint loose body	T020	C0343161
27349321	41	47	viable	T080	C0443348
27349321	48	58	autologous	T080	C0439859
27349321	59	64	human	T016	C0086418
27349321	65	77	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27349321	78	90	Loose bodies	T020	C0343161
27349321	108	117	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27349321	121	125	bone	T023	C0262950
27349321	141	155	synovial fluid	T031	C0039097
27349321	193	205	loose bodies	T020	C0343161
27349321	235	245	autologous	T080	C0439859
27349321	246	251	human	T016	C0086418
27349321	252	264	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27349321	269	290	experimental purposes	T062	C0681814
27349321	292	317	Histochemical examination	T059	C0019635
27349321	321	333	loose bodies	T020	C0343161
27349321	351	371	enzymatic digestions	T059	C0519157
27349321	402	407	cells	T025	C0007634
27349321	413	421	cultured	T025	C0007635
27349321	425	438	alginate bead	T109,T122	C0102137
27349321	439	451	microspheres	T074	C0026032
27349321	456	475	immunolocalisations	T059	C0200925
27349321	496	508	chondrogenic	T042	C0598067
27349321	509	516	markers	T201	C0005516
27349321	525	533	aggrecan	T116,T123	C0081487
27349321	539	555	type II collagen	T116,T123	C0009331
27349321	566	576	loose body	T020	C0022411
27349321	577	582	cells	T025	C0007634
27349321	592	601	viability	T043	C0007620
27349321	627	639	chondrogenic	T042	C0598067
27349321	640	647	markers	T201	C0005516
27349321	649	657	aggrecan	T116,T123	C0081487
27349321	659	675	type II collagen	T116,T123	C0009331
27349321	681	683	no	T033	C1513916
27349321	684	699	type I collagen	T116,T123	C0041455
27349321	701	713	Loose bodies	T020	C0343161
27349321	740	750	autologous	T080	C0439859
27349321	751	763	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27349321	772	781	viability	T043	C0007620

27349365|t|Supramolecular Recognition of Amino Acids by Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril
27349365|a|Binding interactions between twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) and twenty standard amino acids (AAs) have been investigated by NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in aqueous HCl solutions and in DMSO. The results showed that tQ[14] displays clear binding affinity for AAs with a positively charged side chain or containing an aromatic ring, but weaker binding affinity for AAs with hydrophobic or polar side chains, with the binding mode depending on the type of side chain present in the AAs.
27349365	0	26	Supramolecular Recognition	T044	C0599844
27349365	30	41	Amino Acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27349365	45	69	Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril	T109	C1737934
27349365	70	77	Binding	T044	C1167622
27349365	78	90	interactions	T169	C1704675
27349365	91	98	between	T082	C0205103
27349365	99	123	twisted cucurbit[14]uril	T109	C1737934
27349365	124	132	(tQ[14])	T109	C1737934
27349365	144	152	standard	T080	C1442989
27349365	153	164	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27349365	165	170	(AAs)	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27349365	181	193	investigated	T169	C1292732
27349365	197	213	NMR spectroscopy	T060	C0877853
27349365	218	250	isothermal titration calorimetry	T059	C0006779
27349365	251	256	(ITC)	T059	C0006779
27349365	260	267	aqueous	T121,T197	C0043047
27349365	268	281	HCl solutions	T130,T197	C0020259
27349365	289	293	DMSO	T109,T121	C0012403
27349365	299	306	results	T169	C1274040
27349365	319	325	tQ[14]	T109	C1737934
27349365	326	334	displays	T169	C0870432
27349365	341	348	binding	T044	C1167622
27349365	349	357	affinity	T070	C1510827
27349365	362	365	AAs	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27349365	373	402	positively charged side chain	T104	C1254350
27349365	406	416	containing	T169	C0332256
27349365	420	433	aromatic ring	T109	C0020245
27349365	439	445	weaker	T080	C1762617
27349365	446	453	binding	T044	C1167622
27349365	454	462	affinity	T070	C1510827
27349365	467	470	AAs	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27349365	476	487	hydrophobic	T120	C1254355
27349365	491	508	polar side chains	T120	C1254355
27349365	519	526	binding	T044	C1167622
27349365	527	531	mode	T169	C1513371
27349365	557	567	side chain	T104	C1254350
27349365	583	586	AAs	T116,T121,T123	C0002520

27350860|t|Comparison of alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on different Ti surfaces: modified sandblasted with large grit and acid-etched (MSLA), laser-treated, and laser and acid-treated Ti surfaces
27350860|a|In this study, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant surface treatment on cell differentiation of osteoblast cells. For this purpose, three surfaces were compared: (1) a modified SLA (MSLA: sand-blasted with large grit, acid-etched, and immersed in 0.9% NaCl), (2) a laser treatment (LT: laser treatment) titanium surface and (3) a laser and acid-treated (LAT: laser treatment, acid-etched) titanium surface. The MSLA surfaces were considered as the control group, and LT and LAT surfaces as test groups. Alkaline phosphatase expression (ALP) was used to quantify osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cell. Surface roughness was evaluated by a contact profilometer (URFPAK-SV; Mitutoyo, Kawasaki, Japan) and characterized by two parameters: mean roughness (Ra) and maximum peak-to-valley height (Rt). Scanning electron microscope revealed that MSLA (control group) surface was not as rough as LT, LAT surface (test groups). Alkaline phosphatase expression, the measure of osteoblastic differentiation, and total ALP expression by surface-adherent cells were found to be highest at 21 days for all three surfaces tested (P<.05). Furthermore, ALP expression levels of MSLA and LAT surfaces were significantly higher than expression levels of LT surface-adherent cells at 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively (P<.05). However, ALP expression levels between MSLA and LAT surface were equal at 7, 14, and 21 days (P>.05). This study suggested that MSLA and LAT surfaces exhibited more favorable environment for osteoblast differentiation when compared with LT surface, the results that are important for implant surface modification studies.
27350860	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27350860	14	43	alkaline phosphatase activity	T044	C1149888
27350860	47	61	MC3T3-E1 cells	T025	C0007600
27350860	84	86	Ti	T196	C0040302
27350860	87	95	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27350860	106	117	sandblasted	T067	C1254366
27350860	129	133	grit	T104	C0440273
27350860	138	149	acid-etched	T067	C1254366
27350860	151	155	MSLA	T196	C0040302
27350860	158	171	laser-treated	T067	C1254366
27350860	177	199	laser and acid-treated	T067	C1254366
27350860	200	202	Ti	T196	C0040302
27350860	203	211	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27350860	220	225	study	T062	C2603343
27350860	243	248	study	T062	C2603343
27350860	256	264	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27350860	287	294	surface	T082	C0205148
27350860	308	328	cell differentiation	T043	C0007589
27350860	332	348	osteoblast cells	T025	C0029418
27350860	374	382	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27350860	448	452	grit	T104	C0440273
27350860	488	492	NaCl	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
27350860	501	516	laser treatment	T067	C1254366
27350860	518	520	LT	T067	C1254366
27350860	522	537	laser treatment	T067	C1254366
27350860	539	547	titanium	T196	C0040302
27350860	548	555	surface	T082	C0205148
27350860	566	588	laser and acid-treated	T067	C1254366
27350860	595	623	laser treatment, acid-etched	T067	C1254366
27350860	625	633	titanium	T196	C0040302
27350860	634	641	surface	T082	C0205148
27350860	647	651	MSLA	T196	C0040302
27350860	652	660	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27350860	684	697	control group	T096	C0009932
27350860	703	705	LT	T196	C0040302
27350860	710	713	LAT	T196	C0040302
27350860	714	722	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27350860	726	737	test groups	T078	C0441833
27350860	739	759	Alkaline phosphatase	T116,T126	C0002059
27350860	760	770	expression	T045	C1171362
27350860	772	775	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
27350860	798	826	osteoblastic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27350860	830	843	MC3T3-E1 cell	T025	C0007600
27350860	845	852	Surface	T082	C0205148
27350860	853	862	roughness	T080	C0205556
27350860	867	876	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27350860	882	902	contact profilometer	T074	C0025080
27350860	935	940	Japan	T083	C0022341
27350860	979	993	mean roughness	T080	C0205556
27350860	995	997	Ra	T080	C0205556
27350860	1003	1032	maximum peak-to-valley height	T081	C0392762
27350860	1034	1036	Rt	T081	C0392762
27350860	1039	1067	Scanning electron microscope	T074	C0262878
27350860	1088	1101	control group	T096	C0009932
27350860	1103	1110	surface	T082	C0205148
27350860	1122	1127	rough	T080	C0205556
27350860	1131	1133	LT	T196	C0040302
27350860	1135	1138	LAT	T196	C0040302
27350860	1139	1146	surface	T082	C0205148
27350860	1148	1159	test groups	T078	C0441833
27350860	1162	1182	Alkaline phosphatase	T116,T126	C0002059
27350860	1183	1193	expression	T045	C1171362
27350860	1210	1238	osteoblastic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27350860	1250	1253	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
27350860	1254	1264	expression	T045	C1171362
27350860	1268	1290	surface-adherent cells	T025	C0007634
27350860	1322	1326	days	T079	C0439228
27350860	1341	1349	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27350860	1379	1382	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
27350860	1383	1393	expression	T045	C1171362
27350860	1394	1400	levels	T080	C0441889
27350860	1404	1408	MSLA	T196	C0040302
27350860	1413	1416	LAT	T196	C0040302
27350860	1417	1425	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27350860	1457	1467	expression	T045	C1171362
27350860	1468	1474	levels	T080	C0441889
27350860	1478	1480	LT	T196	C0040302
27350860	1481	1503	surface-adherent cells	T025	C0007634
27350860	1521	1525	days	T079	C0439228
27350860	1558	1561	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
27350860	1562	1572	expression	T045	C1171362
27350860	1573	1579	levels	T080	C0441889
27350860	1588	1592	MSLA	T196	C0040302
27350860	1597	1600	LAT	T196	C0040302
27350860	1601	1608	surface	T082	C0205148
27350860	1637	1641	days	T079	C0439228
27350860	1656	1661	study	T062	C2603343
27350860	1677	1681	MSLA	T196	C0040302
27350860	1686	1689	LAT	T196	C0040302
27350860	1690	1698	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27350860	1714	1723	favorable	T080	C3640814
27350860	1724	1735	environment	T082	C0014406
27350860	1740	1766	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
27350860	1786	1788	LT	T196	C0040302
27350860	1789	1796	surface	T082	C0205148
27350860	1833	1840	implant	T074	C0021102
27350860	1841	1848	surface	T082	C0205148
27350860	1849	1861	modification	T169	C0392747
27350860	1862	1869	studies	T062	C2603343

27351590|t|Liganded Vitamin D Receptor Through Its Interacting Repressor Inhibits the Expression of Type I Collagen α1
27351590|a|Hepatic fibrosis is a reversible process involving plenty of transcription factors and pathways. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) as a member of ligand - induced transcription factors can interact with 9-cis retinoid X receptor (RXR) and VDR-interacting repressor (VDIR) to mediate transactivation or transrepression in the absence or in the presence of VDR ligand to regulate the expression of VDR target genes. The active form of vitamin D [1α,25(OH)2D3] can downregulate the expression of type I collagen both α1 and α2 (COLIα1 and COLIα2) in hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6) in a time-dependent fashion, which provides a new direction for hepatic fibrosis therapy. As one of VDR target genes, rat COLIα1 gene contains 1αnVDRE (E-box1 and E-box2) in its promoter, and unliganded VDR / RXR may bind to 1αnVDRE through VDIR to mediate transactivation, whereas liganded VDR / RXR may bind to 1αnVDRE through VDIR for transrepression. The results suggested a sort of relying on each other relationship between VDR / RXR and VDIR in regulating the expression of COLIα1 gene in HSC-T6 cells, which established VDR as a potential target for blocking and even reversing hepatic fibrosis.
27351590	0	8	Liganded	T026	C3824492
27351590	9	27	Vitamin D Receptor	T116,T192	C0108082
27351590	28	35	Through	T169	C0332273
27351590	40	51	Interacting	T169	C1704675
27351590	52	61	Repressor	T116,T123	C1336789
27351590	62	70	Inhibits	T052	C3463820
27351590	75	85	Expression	T045	C1171362
27351590	89	107	Type I Collagen α1	T116,T123	C0972255
27351590	108	124	Hepatic fibrosis	T047	C0239946
27351590	130	140	reversible	T169	C0205343
27351590	141	148	process	T067	C1522240
27351590	149	158	involving	T169	C1314939
27351590	159	165	plenty	T081	C3869890
27351590	169	190	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27351590	195	203	pathways	T044	C1704259
27351590	205	223	Vitamin D receptor	T116,T192	C0108082
27351590	225	228	VDR	T116,T192	C0108082
27351590	245	251	ligand	T103	C0023688
27351590	254	261	induced	T169	C0205263
27351590	262	283	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27351590	288	296	interact	T169	C1704675
27351590	302	327	9-cis retinoid X receptor	T116,T192	C0140283
27351590	329	332	RXR	T116,T192	C0140283
27351590	338	363	VDR-interacting repressor	T028	C1336596
27351590	365	369	VDIR	T028	C1336596
27351590	382	397	transactivation	T039	C3158809
27351590	401	416	transrepression	T045	C0920533
27351590	424	431	absence	T169	C0332197
27351590	442	450	presence	T033	C0150312
27351590	454	457	VDR	T116,T192	C0108082
27351590	458	464	ligand	T044	C1621296
27351590	468	476	regulate	T045	C0017263
27351590	481	491	expression	T045	C0017262
27351590	495	511	VDR target genes	T028	C0919430
27351590	517	523	active	T169	C0205177
27351590	524	528	form	T080	C0348078
27351590	532	541	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
27351590	543	555	1α,25(OH)2D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
27351590	561	573	downregulate	T044	C0013081
27351590	578	588	expression	T045	C1171362
27351590	592	615	type I collagen both α1	T116,T123	C0972255
27351590	620	622	α2	T116,T121	C0766823
27351590	624	630	COLIα1	T116,T123	C0972255
27351590	635	641	COLIα2	T116,T121	C0766823
27351590	646	668	hepatic stellate cells	T025	C2340138
27351590	670	676	HSC-T6	T025	C2340138
27351590	742	758	hepatic fibrosis	T047	C0239946
27351590	759	766	therapy	T061	C0087111
27351590	778	794	VDR target genes	T028	C0919430
27351590	796	799	rat	T015	C0034693
27351590	800	811	COLIα1 gene	T028	C1332772
27351590	821	828	1αnVDRE	T114,T123	C0950109
27351590	830	836	E-box1	T114,T123	C0949655
27351590	841	847	E-box2	T114,T123	C0949655
27351590	856	864	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27351590	870	880	unliganded	T033	C0243095
27351590	881	884	VDR	T116,T192	C0108082
27351590	887	890	RXR	T116,T192	C0140283
27351590	895	899	bind	T044	C1167622
27351590	903	910	1αnVDRE	T114,T123	C0950109
27351590	911	918	through	T169	C0332273
27351590	919	923	VDIR	T028	C1336596
27351590	935	950	transactivation	T039	C3158809
27351590	960	968	liganded	T026	C3824492
27351590	969	972	VDR	T116,T192	C0108082
27351590	975	978	RXR	T116,T192	C0140283
27351590	983	987	bind	T044	C1167622
27351590	991	998	1αnVDRE	T114,T123	C0950109
27351590	999	1006	through	T169	C0332273
27351590	1007	1011	VDIR	T028	C1336596
27351590	1016	1031	transrepression	T045	C0920533
27351590	1087	1099	relationship	T080	C0439849
27351590	1108	1111	VDR	T116,T192	C0108082
27351590	1114	1117	RXR	T116,T192	C0140283
27351590	1122	1126	VDIR	T028	C1336596
27351590	1130	1140	regulating	T045	C0017263
27351590	1145	1155	expression	T045	C0017262
27351590	1159	1170	COLIα1 gene	T028	C1332772
27351590	1174	1186	HSC-T6 cells	T025	C2340138
27351590	1206	1209	VDR	T116,T192	C0108082
27351590	1215	1224	potential	T080	C3245505
27351590	1225	1231	target	T169	C1521840
27351590	1236	1244	blocking	T169	C0332206
27351590	1254	1263	reversing	T169	C0205343
27351590	1264	1280	hepatic fibrosis	T047	C0239946

27351941|t|Treatment with high dose of atorvastatin reduces vascular injury in diabetic rats
27351941|a|Previous reports showed conflicting results regarding the treatment effects of statin on Diabetes mellitus (DM). We investigated how treatment with high dose of atorvastatin affects the impaired vascular function in diabetic rats. Atorvastatin (80mg/kg/day, oral gavage, 4 weeks) or its vehicle was administered to male control or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Aortic segments were used to investigate the vascular reactivity, protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) 1 (NOX1) and superoxide anions levels. Atorvastatin treatment did not affect glycemia levels. In diabetic rats, the vascular reactivity to phenylephrine increased compared with controls and the atorvastatin treatment reduced this response. Removal of the endothelium increased the response to phenylephrine in control rats, but not in the diabetic group. Atorvastatin increased the endothelial modulation in diabetic rats. L-NAME (100μM) increased the reactivity in all groups, but this effect was greater in atorvastatin -treated diabetic rats. Indomethacin (10μM) and NS398 (1μM) decreased the contractile response in diabetic rats and atorvastatin reversed these effects, without changing COX-2 expression. Apocynin (30μM) decreased the phenylephrine response in diabetic rats, which also showed increased NOX1 and superoxide anions; these effects were prevented by atorvastatin treatment. The results suggest that treatment with high dose of atorvastatin, independent of glycemia, improves endothelial function in aortas from diabetic rats by reducing the constrictor prostanoids derived from COX-2 and by reducing the oxidative stress by NADPH oxidase, as well as a possible increasing of nitric oxide participation.
27351941	0	9	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27351941	15	24	high dose	T081	C0444956
27351941	28	40	atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27351941	49	64	vascular injury	T037	C0178324
27351941	68	76	diabetic	T047	C0011849
27351941	77	81	rats	T015	C0086893
27351941	140	149	treatment	T061	C0087111
27351941	161	167	statin	T109,T121	C0360714
27351941	171	188	Diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27351941	190	192	DM	T047	C0011849
27351941	215	224	treatment	T061	C0087111
27351941	230	239	high dose	T081	C0444956
27351941	243	255	atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27351941	268	276	impaired	T169	C0221099
27351941	277	294	vascular function	T201	C0232337
27351941	298	306	diabetic	T047	C0011849
27351941	307	311	rats	T015	C0086893
27351941	313	325	Atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27351941	340	351	oral gavage	T169	C2698653
27351941	355	360	weeks	T079	C0439230
27351941	369	376	vehicle	T122	C0042444
27351941	381	393	administered	T169	C1521801
27351941	397	409	male control	T096	C0009932
27351941	413	427	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
27351941	429	432	STZ	T109,T195	C0038432
27351941	442	450	diabetic	T047	C0011849
27351941	451	455	rats	T015	C0086893
27351941	457	472	Aortic segments	T023	C0506947
27351941	502	521	vascular reactivity	T201	C1660757
27351941	523	541	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27351941	545	561	cyclooxygenase-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27351941	563	568	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27351941	574	643	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase) 1	T116,T126	C1417769
27351941	645	649	NOX1	T116,T126	C1417769
27351941	655	672	superoxide anions	T196	C0038836
27351941	673	679	levels	T080	C0441889
27351941	681	693	Atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27351941	694	703	treatment	T061	C0087111
27351941	719	734	glycemia levels	T059	C0392201
27351941	739	747	diabetic	T047	C0011849
27351941	748	752	rats	T015	C0086893
27351941	758	777	vascular reactivity	T201	C1660757
27351941	781	794	phenylephrine	T109,T121	C0031469
27351941	795	804	increased	T081	C0205217
27351941	819	827	controls	T167	C1550141
27351941	836	848	atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27351941	849	858	treatment	T061	C0087111
27351941	859	866	reduced	T080	C0392756
27351941	872	880	response	T032	C0871261
27351941	882	889	Removal	T052	C1883720
27351941	897	908	endothelium	T024	C0014257
27351941	909	918	increased	T081	C0205217
27351941	923	931	response	T032	C0871261
27351941	935	948	phenylephrine	T109,T121	C0031469
27351941	952	964	control rats	T096	C0009932
27351941	981	995	diabetic group	UnknownType	C0681860
27351941	997	1009	Atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27351941	1010	1019	increased	T081	C0205217
27351941	1024	1046	endothelial modulation	UnknownType	C0544633
27351941	1050	1058	diabetic	T047	C0011849
27351941	1059	1063	rats	T015	C0086893
27351941	1065	1071	L-NAME	T116,T123	C0083536
27351941	1080	1089	increased	T081	C0205217
27351941	1094	1104	reactivity	T169	C0443286
27351941	1112	1118	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27351941	1151	1163	atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27351941	1173	1181	diabetic	T047	C0011849
27351941	1182	1186	rats	T015	C0086893
27351941	1188	1200	Indomethacin	T109,T121	C0021246
27351941	1212	1217	NS398	T109,T121	C1567346
27351941	1224	1233	decreased	T081	C0205216
27351941	1238	1249	contractile	T026	C1511498
27351941	1250	1258	response	T032	C0871261
27351941	1262	1270	diabetic	T047	C0011849
27351941	1271	1275	rats	T015	C0086893
27351941	1280	1292	atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27351941	1293	1301	reversed	T169	C1555029
27351941	1308	1315	effects	T080	C1280500
27351941	1334	1339	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27351941	1340	1350	expression	T045	C1171362
27351941	1352	1360	Apocynin	T109,T121	C0050465
27351941	1368	1377	decreased	T081	C0205216
27351941	1382	1395	phenylephrine	T109,T121	C0031469
27351941	1396	1404	response	T032	C0871261
27351941	1408	1416	diabetic	T047	C0011849
27351941	1417	1421	rats	T015	C0086893
27351941	1441	1450	increased	T081	C0205217
27351941	1451	1455	NOX1	T116,T126	C1417769
27351941	1460	1477	superoxide anions	T196	C0038836
27351941	1485	1492	effects	T080	C1280500
27351941	1511	1523	atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27351941	1524	1533	treatment	T061	C0087111
27351941	1539	1546	results	T169	C1274040
27351941	1560	1569	treatment	T061	C0087111
27351941	1575	1584	high dose	T081	C0444956
27351941	1588	1600	atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27351941	1602	1616	independent of	T169	C0332291
27351941	1617	1625	glycemia	T109	C0005802
27351941	1636	1647	endothelial	T024	C0014257
27351941	1648	1656	function	T169	C0542341
27351941	1660	1666	aortas	T023	C0003483
27351941	1672	1680	diabetic	T047	C0011849
27351941	1681	1685	rats	T015	C0086893
27351941	1689	1697	reducing	T080	C0392756
27351941	1702	1725	constrictor prostanoids	T109,T121,T125	C0033554
27351941	1739	1744	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27351941	1752	1760	reducing	T080	C0392756
27351941	1765	1781	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27351941	1785	1798	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
27351941	1822	1832	increasing	T169	C0442808
27351941	1836	1848	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27351941	1849	1862	participation	T169	C0679823

27352045|t|Fracture Resistance of Endodontically Treated Teeth Restored With Bulk Fill, Bulk Fill Flowable, Fiber-reinforced, and Conventional Resin Composite
27352045|a|The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with different types of restorative resins. Seventy-two sound maxillary premolar teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n=12). The teeth in the first group were left intact and tested as unprepared negative control (group I) specimens. The teeth in the remaining five groups were prepared with MOD cavities and endodontically treated. The teeth in one of the five groups (positive control group II) were unrestored. The rest of the prepared cavities were restored as follows: group III: bulk fill resin composite / Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE); group IV: bulk fill flowable resin composite + nanohybrid / SureFil SDR Flow + Ceram.X Mono (Dentsply); group V: fiber-reinforced composite + posterior resin composite / GC everX posterior + G-aenial posterior (GC Corp .); and group VI: nanohybrid resin composite / Tetric N-Ceram (Ivoclar/Vivadent). Each restorative material was used with its respective adhesive system. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C and were then thermocycled (5-55°C, 1000×). Specimens were subjected to a compressive load until fracture at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by the post hoc Tukey honestly significantly different test (p<0.05). Sound premolar teeth (group I negative control) showed significantly higher fracture resistance than did the other tested groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the fracture resistance values of the restored groups (groups III, IV, V, and VI) (p>0.05). The lowest values were obtained in the positive control group (group II); these values were significantly lower than those of the other groups (p<0.05). The fracture resistance values of endodontically treated teeth restored with either bulk fill / bulk fill flowable or fiber-reinforced composite were not different from those restored with conventional nanohybrid resin composite.
27352045	0	19	Fracture Resistance	T033	C1866081
27352045	23	51	Endodontically Treated Teeth	T047	C0376699
27352045	52	60	Restored	T061	C1283255
27352045	66	75	Bulk Fill	T122	C0009570
27352045	77	95	Bulk Fill Flowable	T122	C0009570
27352045	97	113	Fiber-reinforced	T122	C0009570
27352045	119	147	Conventional Resin Composite	T122	C0009570
27352045	164	178	in vitro study	T062	C0681828
27352045	186	194	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27352045	199	218	fracture resistance	T033	C1866081
27352045	222	250	endodontically treated teeth	T047	C0376699
27352045	251	259	restored	T061	C1283255
27352045	265	274	different	T080	C1705242
27352045	275	280	types	T080	C0332307
27352045	284	302	restorative resins	T074	C3503813
27352045	304	315	Seventy-two	UnknownType	C0470243
27352045	322	331	maxillary	T023	C0024947
27352045	332	346	premolar teeth	T023	C1704302
27352045	361	368	divided	T169	C0332849
27352045	374	377	six	T081	C0205452
27352045	378	384	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	397	402	teeth	T023	C1704302
27352045	410	415	first	T081	C0205435
27352045	416	421	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	432	438	intact	T080	C0205266
27352045	443	449	tested	T169	C0039593
27352045	453	480	unprepared negative control	T077	C1947986
27352045	482	489	group I	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	491	500	specimens	T167	C0370003
27352045	506	511	teeth	T023	C1704302
27352045	529	533	five	T081	C0205451
27352045	534	540	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	546	554	prepared	T052	C1521827
27352045	560	572	MOD cavities	T047	C0011334
27352045	577	599	endodontically treated	T061	C0700632
27352045	605	610	teeth	T023	C1704302
27352045	614	617	one	T081	C0205447
27352045	625	629	five	T081	C0205451
27352045	630	636	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	638	663	positive control group II	T096	C0009932
27352045	670	680	unrestored	T033	C0243095
27352045	707	715	cavities	T047	C0011334
27352045	721	729	restored	T061	C1283255
27352045	742	751	group III	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	753	778	bulk fill resin composite	T122	C0009570
27352045	781	797	Filtek Bulk Fill	T122	C0011379
27352045	799	806	3M ESPE	T093	C0332060
27352045	809	817	group IV	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	819	853	bulk fill flowable resin composite	T122	C0009570
27352045	856	866	nanohybrid	T122	C0011379
27352045	869	885	SureFil SDR Flow	T122	C2976336
27352045	888	900	Ceram.X Mono	T122	C0011379
27352045	902	910	Dentsply	T093	C1708333
27352045	913	920	group V	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	922	948	fiber-reinforced composite	T122	C0009570
27352045	951	976	posterior resin composite	T122	C0009570
27352045	979	997	GC everX posterior	T122	C0011379
27352045	1000	1018	G-aenial posterior	T122	C0011379
27352045	1020	1027	GC Corp	T093	C1708333
27352045	1036	1044	group VI	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	1046	1072	nanohybrid resin composite	T122	C0009570
27352045	1075	1089	Tetric N-Ceram	T122	C0909537
27352045	1091	1107	Ivoclar/Vivadent	T093	C1708333
27352045	1110	1114	Each	T081	C1457900
27352045	1115	1135	restorative material	T122	C0182981
27352045	1140	1144	used	T169	C1524063
27352045	1165	1180	adhesive system	T122	C0382302
27352045	1186	1194	restored	T061	C1283255
27352045	1195	1200	teeth	T023	C1704302
27352045	1206	1212	stored	T169	C1698986
27352045	1216	1231	distilled water	T121,T197	C0790233
27352045	1239	1244	hours	T079	C0439227
27352045	1267	1279	thermocycled	T079	C1254367
27352045	1297	1306	Specimens	T167	C0370003
27352045	1312	1321	subjected	T169	C1550501
27352045	1327	1343	compressive load	T081	C0392762
27352045	1350	1358	fracture	T037	C0016658
27352045	1364	1379	crosshead speed	T081	C0678536
27352045	1399	1403	data	T078	C1511726
27352045	1409	1417	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27352045	1424	1452	one-way analysis of variance	T081	C1709320
27352045	1453	1464	followed by	T079	C0332283
27352045	1469	1483	post hoc Tukey	T059	C0022885
27352045	1507	1516	different	T080	C1705242
27352045	1517	1521	test	T059	C0022885
27352045	1532	1552	Sound premolar teeth	T023	C1704302
27352045	1554	1561	group I	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	1562	1578	negative control	T077	C1947986
27352045	1587	1607	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27352045	1608	1627	fracture resistance	T033	C1866081
27352045	1641	1646	other	T080	C0205394
27352045	1647	1660	tested groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	1671	1711	No statistically significant differences	T081	C0392762
27352045	1717	1722	found	T033	C0150312
27352045	1730	1749	fracture resistance	T033	C1866081
27352045	1750	1756	values	T081	C1522609
27352045	1764	1772	restored	T061	C1283255
27352045	1773	1779	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	1781	1791	groups III	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	1793	1795	IV	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	1797	1798	V	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	1804	1806	VI	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	1822	1828	lowest	T080	C1708760
27352045	1829	1835	values	T081	C1522609
27352045	1841	1849	obtained	T169	C1301820
27352045	1857	1879	positive control group	T096	C0009932
27352045	1881	1889	group II	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	1898	1904	values	T081	C1522609
27352045	1910	1929	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27352045	1948	1953	other	T080	C0205394
27352045	1954	1960	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27352045	1975	1994	fracture resistance	T033	C1866081
27352045	1995	2001	values	T081	C1522609
27352045	2005	2033	endodontically treated teeth	T047	C0376699
27352045	2034	2042	restored	T061	C1283255
27352045	2055	2064	bulk fill	T122	C0009570
27352045	2067	2085	bulk fill flowable	T122	C0009570
27352045	2089	2115	fiber-reinforced composite	T122	C0009570
27352045	2121	2124	not	T169	C1518422
27352045	2125	2134	different	T080	C1705242
27352045	2146	2154	restored	T061	C1283255
27352045	2160	2172	conventional	T080	C0439858
27352045	2173	2199	nanohybrid resin composite	T122	C0009570

27352133|t|The phonetic landscape in infant consonant perception is an uneven terrain
27352133|a|Previous research revealing universal biases in infant vowel perception forms the basis of the Natural Referent Vowel (NRV) framework (Polka & Bohn, 2011). To explore the feasibility of extending this framework to consonant manner perception, we investigated perception of the stop vs. fricative consonant contrast /b/-/v/ to test the hypothesis that young infants will display a perceptual bias grounded in the acoustic - phonetic properties of these sounds. We examined perception of stop-initial /bas/ and fricative-initial /vas/ syllables in English - learning and French - learning 5- to 6-month-olds. The /b/ and /v/ sounds distinguish words in English and French but have different distributional patterns; in spoken English /b/ occurs more frequently than /v/ whereas in spoken French /v/ occurs more frequently than /b/. A perceptual bias favoring /b/ over /v/ emerged in two experiments. In Experiment 1, a directional asymmetry was observed in discrimination; infants noticed when /vas/ changed to /bas/ but not when /bas/ changed to /vas/. In Experiment 2, a robust listening preference favoring stop-initial /bas/ was evident in responses from the same infants. This is the first study to show a perceptual bias related to consonant manner and to directly measure a consonant perception bias within the same infants. These data encourage further efforts to extend the NRV principles to perception of consonant manner. These findings indicate that we need to reform our view of infant speech perception to accommodate the fact that both discrimination abilities and biases shape speech perception during infancy.
27352133	4	12	phonetic	T170	C0871073
27352133	26	32	infant	T100	C0021270
27352133	33	42	consonant	T170	C0871699
27352133	43	53	perception	T041	C0030971
27352133	60	74	uneven terrain	T083	C0017446
27352133	84	92	research	T062	C0035168
27352133	113	119	biases	T078	C0242568
27352133	123	129	infant	T100	C0021270
27352133	130	135	vowel	T170	C0871955
27352133	136	146	perception	T041	C0030971
27352133	170	208	Natural Referent Vowel (NRV) framework	T170	C0282574
27352133	246	257	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27352133	276	285	framework	T170	C0282574
27352133	289	298	consonant	T170	C0871699
27352133	306	316	perception	T041	C0030971
27352133	334	344	perception	T041	C0030971
27352133	352	356	stop	T170	C0871699
27352133	361	380	fricative consonant	T170	C0871699
27352133	410	420	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27352133	426	431	young	T079	C0332239
27352133	432	439	infants	T100	C0021270
27352133	455	465	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27352133	466	470	bias	T078	C0242568
27352133	487	495	acoustic	T070	C0001166
27352133	498	506	phonetic	T170	C0871073
27352133	527	533	sounds	T070	C0037709
27352133	547	557	perception	T041	C0030971
27352133	608	617	syllables	T170	C0871464
27352133	621	628	English	T171	C0376245
27352133	631	639	learning	T041	C0023185
27352133	644	650	French	T171	C0376246
27352133	653	661	learning	T041	C0023185
27352133	698	704	sounds	T070	C0037709
27352133	717	722	words	T171	C0237957
27352133	726	733	English	T171	C0376245
27352133	738	744	French	T171	C0376246
27352133	792	798	spoken	T056	C0234856
27352133	799	806	English	T171	C0376245
27352133	854	860	spoken	T056	C0234856
27352133	861	867	French	T171	C0376246
27352133	907	917	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27352133	918	922	bias	T078	C0242568
27352133	960	971	experiments	T062	C0681814
27352133	976	988	Experiment 1	T062	C0681814
27352133	992	1013	directional asymmetry	T082	C0332514
27352133	1030	1044	discrimination	T041	C0012632
27352133	1046	1053	infants	T100	C0021270
27352133	1130	1142	Experiment 2	T062	C0681814
27352133	1153	1162	listening	T041	C2584303
27352133	1217	1226	responses	T032	C0871261
27352133	1241	1248	infants	T100	C0021270
27352133	1268	1273	study	T062	C2603343
27352133	1284	1294	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27352133	1295	1299	bias	T078	C0242568
27352133	1311	1320	consonant	T170	C0871699
27352133	1354	1363	consonant	T170	C0871699
27352133	1364	1374	perception	T041	C0030971
27352133	1375	1379	bias	T078	C0242568
27352133	1396	1403	infants	T100	C0021270
27352133	1411	1415	data	T078	C1511726
27352133	1456	1459	NRV	T170	C0282574
27352133	1474	1484	perception	T041	C0030971
27352133	1488	1497	consonant	T170	C0871699
27352133	1565	1571	infant	T100	C0021270
27352133	1572	1578	speech	T040	C0037817
27352133	1579	1589	perception	T041	C0030971
27352133	1624	1638	discrimination	T041	C0012632
27352133	1653	1659	biases	T078	C0242568
27352133	1666	1672	speech	T040	C0037817
27352133	1673	1683	perception	T041	C0030971
27352133	1691	1698	infancy	T079	C0231330

27352367|t|Propensity - matched Analysis of Outcomes and Hospital Charges for Anterior Versus Posterior Cervical Fusion for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
27352367|a|Retrospective analysis of data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative, all-payer database of inpatient diagnoses and procedures in the United States. The objective of this study is to compare anterior cervical fusion (ACF) to posterior cervical fusion (PCF) in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Previous studies used retrospective single - institution level data to quantify outcomes for CSM patients fusion. It is unclear whether ACF or PCF is superior with regards to charges or outcomes for the treatment of CSM. We used Nationwide Inpatient Sample data to compare ACF to PCF in the management of CSM. All patients 18 years or older with a diagnosis of CSM between 1998 and 2011 were included. ACF patients were matched to PCF patients using propensity scores based on patient characteristics (number of levels fused, spine alignment, comorbidities), hospital characteristics, and patient demographics. Multivariable regression was used to measure the effect of treatment assignment on in- hospital charges, length of hospital stay, in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, and dysphagia diagnosis. From 1998 to 2011, we identified 109,728 hospitalizations with a CSM diagnosis. Of these patients, 45,629 (41.6%) underwent ACF and 14,439 (13.2%) underwent PCF. The PCF cohort incurred an average of $41,683 more in-hospital charges (P<0.001, inflation adjusted to 2011 dollars) and remained in hospital an average of 2.4 days longer (P<0.001) than the ACF cohort. The ACF cohort was just as likely to die in the hospital [odds ratio 0.91; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-1.2], 3.0 times more likely to be discharged to home or self-care (95% CI, 2.9-3.2), and 2.5 times more likely to experience dysphagia (95% CI, 2.0-3.1) than the PCF cohort. In treating CSM, ACF led to lower hospital charges, shorter hospital stays, and an increased likelihood of being discharged to home relative to PCF.
27352367	0	10	Propensity	T081	C2718044
27352367	13	20	matched	T062	C0150103
27352367	21	29	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27352367	33	41	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27352367	46	62	Hospital Charges	T081	C0206175
27352367	67	75	Anterior	UnknownType	C0742204
27352367	83	108	Posterior Cervical Fusion	UnknownType	C0742206
27352367	113	144	Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy	T047	C0158242
27352367	145	158	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
27352367	159	167	analysis	T062	C0936012
27352367	171	175	data	T078	C1511726
27352367	185	195	Nationwide	T082	C0332464
27352367	196	205	Inpatient	T101	C0021562
27352367	206	212	Sample	T167	C0370003
27352367	243	261	all-payer database	T170	C0242356
27352367	265	274	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27352367	275	299	diagnoses and procedures	T060	C0430022
27352367	307	320	United States	T083	C0041703
27352367	344	349	study	T062	C2603343
27352367	356	363	compare	T052	C1707455
27352367	364	388	anterior cervical fusion	UnknownType	C0742204
27352367	390	393	ACF	UnknownType	C0742204
27352367	398	423	posterior cervical fusion	UnknownType	C0742206
27352367	425	428	PCF	UnknownType	C0742206
27352367	437	446	treatment	T061	C0087111
27352367	450	481	cervical spondylotic myelopathy	T047	C0158242
27352367	483	486	CSM	T047	C0158242
27352367	489	497	Previous	T079	C0205156
27352367	498	505	studies	T062	C2603343
27352367	506	510	used	T169	C1524063
27352367	511	524	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27352367	525	531	single	T081	C0205171
27352367	534	545	institution	T093	C2607850
27352367	546	556	level data	T078	C1511726
27352367	560	568	quantify	T081	C1709793
27352367	569	577	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27352367	582	585	CSM	T047	C0158242
27352367	586	594	patients	T101	C0030705
27352367	595	601	fusion	T061	C1293131
27352367	609	616	unclear	T033	C3845108
27352367	625	628	ACF	UnknownType	C0742204
27352367	632	635	PCF	UnknownType	C0742206
27352367	639	647	superior	T081	C1704243
27352367	664	671	charges	T081	C0206175
27352367	675	683	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27352367	692	701	treatment	T061	C0087111
27352367	705	708	CSM	T047	C0158242
27352367	718	728	Nationwide	T082	C0332464
27352367	729	738	Inpatient	T101	C0021562
27352367	739	745	Sample	T167	C0370003
27352367	746	750	data	T078	C1511726
27352367	754	761	compare	T052	C1707455
27352367	762	765	ACF	UnknownType	C0742204
27352367	769	772	PCF	UnknownType	C0742206
27352367	780	790	management	T058	C0376636
27352367	794	797	CSM	T047	C0158242
27352367	803	811	patients	T101	C0030705
27352367	812	829	18 years or older	T032	C0001779
27352367	837	846	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27352367	850	853	CSM	T047	C0158242
27352367	891	894	ACF	UnknownType	C0742204
27352367	895	903	patients	T101	C0030705
27352367	909	916	matched	T062	C0150103
27352367	920	923	PCF	UnknownType	C0742206
27352367	924	932	patients	T101	C0030705
27352367	939	956	propensity scores	T081	C2718044
27352367	966	989	patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27352367	991	1013	number of levels fused	T081	C0449952
27352367	1032	1045	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27352367	1048	1056	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27352367	1057	1072	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27352367	1078	1098	patient demographics	T201	C1717025
27352367	1100	1124	Multivariable regression	T170	C0034980
27352367	1129	1133	used	T169	C1524063
27352367	1137	1144	measure	T081	C0079809
27352367	1149	1155	effect	T080	C1280500
27352367	1159	1168	treatment	T061	C0087111
27352367	1169	1179	assignment	T058	C0025114
27352367	1187	1203	hospital charges	T081	C0206175
27352367	1205	1228	length of hospital stay	T079	C0023303
27352367	1230	1251	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
27352367	1253	1274	discharge disposition	T201	C4019243
27352367	1280	1289	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
27352367	1290	1299	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27352367	1323	1333	identified	T080	C0205396
27352367	1342	1358	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27352367	1366	1369	CSM	T047	C0158242
27352367	1370	1379	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27352367	1390	1398	patients	T101	C0030705
27352367	1425	1428	ACF	UnknownType	C0742204
27352367	1458	1461	PCF	UnknownType	C0742206
27352367	1467	1470	PCF	UnknownType	C0742206
27352367	1471	1477	cohort	T098	C0599755
27352367	1490	1497	average	T081	C1510992
27352367	1509	1513	more	T081	C0205172
27352367	1514	1533	in-hospital charges	T081	C0206175
27352367	1544	1553	inflation	T081	C0021398
27352367	1554	1562	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27352367	1571	1578	dollars	T081	C0562019
27352367	1596	1604	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27352367	1608	1615	average	T081	C1510992
27352367	1623	1627	days	T079	C0439228
27352367	1628	1634	longer	T080	C0205166
27352367	1654	1657	ACF	UnknownType	C0742204
27352367	1658	1664	cohort	T098	C0599755
27352367	1670	1673	ACF	UnknownType	C0742204
27352367	1674	1680	cohort	T098	C0599755
27352367	1703	1706	die	T040	C0011065
27352367	1714	1722	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27352367	1724	1734	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27352367	1745	1764	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27352367	1766	1768	CI	T081	C0009667
27352367	1810	1828	discharged to home	T061	C0184713
27352367	1832	1841	self-care	T073,T093	C0036603
27352367	1847	1849	CI	T081	C0009667
27352367	1890	1900	experience	T041	C0596545
27352367	1901	1910	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
27352367	1916	1918	CI	T081	C0009667
27352367	1938	1941	PCF	UnknownType	C0742206
27352367	1942	1948	cohort	T098	C0599755
27352367	1953	1961	treating	T169	C1522326
27352367	1962	1965	CSM	T047	C0158242
27352367	1967	1970	ACF	UnknownType	C0742204
27352367	1978	1983	lower	T080	C0205251
27352367	1984	2000	hospital charges	T081	C0206175
27352367	2002	2009	shorter	T081	C1806781
27352367	2010	2024	hospital stays	T079	C3489408
27352367	2033	2042	increased	T081	C0205217
27352367	2043	2053	likelihood	T081	C0033204
27352367	2063	2081	discharged to home	T061	C0184713
27352367	2082	2090	relative	T080	C0205345
27352367	2094	2097	PCF	UnknownType	C0742206

27352476|t|Overcoming structural inequalities in oral health: the role of dental curricula
27352476|a|To date the role of health professional schools in addressing oral health inequalities have been minimal, as attempts have focused principally upon systemic reform and broader societal obligations. Professionalism is a broad competency that is taught throughout dental schools and encompasses a range of attributes. Professionalism as a competency draws some debate and appears to be a shifting phenomenon. We may ask if professionalism in the dental curricula may be better addressed by social accountability? Social accountability directs oral health professional curricula (education, research, and service activities) towards addressing the priority health concerns of the community, in our case oral health inequalities. Although working toward dental schools becoming more socially accountable seems like a sensible way to address oral health inequalities, it might have limitations. We will consider some of the challenges in the dental curricula by considering some of the political, structural, social and ethical factors that influence our institutions and our graduates.
27352476	0	10	Overcoming	T052	C2983310
27352476	11	21	structural	T082	C0678594
27352476	22	34	inequalities	T080	C0242503
27352476	38	49	oral health	T058	C0029162
27352476	63	69	dental	T058	C0011365
27352476	70	79	curricula	T170	C0010478
27352476	100	127	health professional schools	T073,T093	C0036376
27352476	142	153	oral health	T058	C0029162
27352476	154	166	inequalities	T080	C0242503
27352476	189	197	attempts	T051	C1516084
27352476	203	210	focused	T169	C1285542
27352476	228	236	systemic	T169	C0205373
27352476	237	243	reform	T078	C0870472
27352476	256	276	societal obligations	T078	C0028761
27352476	278	293	Professionalism	T078	C4046065
27352476	305	315	competency	T080	C0086035
27352476	342	356	dental schools	T073,T093	C0036376
27352476	375	380	range	T081	C1514721
27352476	396	411	Professionalism	T078	C4046065
27352476	417	427	competency	T080	C0086035
27352476	439	445	debate	T052	C0870392
27352476	466	485	shifting phenomenon	T169	C0392747
27352476	501	516	professionalism	T078	C4046065
27352476	524	530	dental	T058	C0011365
27352476	531	540	curricula	T170	C0010478
27352476	568	589	social accountability	T078	C0037394
27352476	591	612	Social accountability	T078	C0037394
27352476	621	632	oral health	T058	C0029162
27352476	633	655	professional curricula	T170	C0010478
27352476	657	666	education	T185	C0013622
27352476	668	676	research	T062	C0035168
27352476	682	700	service activities	T058	C1254363
27352476	725	733	priority	T079	C0549179
27352476	734	740	health	T078	C0018684
27352476	741	749	concerns	T078	C2699424
27352476	757	766	community	T096	C0009462
27352476	780	791	oral health	T058	C0029162
27352476	792	804	inequalities	T080	C0242503
27352476	830	844	dental schools	T073,T093	C0036376
27352476	859	879	socially accountable	T078	C0037394
27352476	909	916	address	T170	C0376649
27352476	917	928	oral health	T058	C0029162
27352476	929	941	inequalities	T080	C0242503
27352476	1017	1023	dental	T058	C0011365
27352476	1024	1033	curricula	T170	C0010478
27352476	1061	1070	political	T068	C0032380
27352476	1072	1082	structural	T082	C0678594
27352476	1084	1090	social	T102	C0337460
27352476	1095	1102	ethical	T078	C0026531
27352476	1103	1110	factors	T169	C1521761
27352476	1116	1125	influence	T077	C4054723
27352476	1130	1142	institutions	T093	C2607850
27352476	1151	1160	graduates	T098	C0588053

27353925|t|Readers' panel - Should nurses be prosecuted if they fail to report child abuse?
27353925|a|Our experts consider a hot topic of the day.
27353925	24	30	nurses	T097	C0028661
27353925	34	44	prosecuted	T033	C0578842
27353925	53	57	fail	T169	C0231175
27353925	61	79	report child abuse	T064	C0871969
27353925	85	92	experts	T097	C0009817
27353925	108	113	topic	T170	C1555712

27354201|t|Function analysis of Mef2c promoter in muscle differentiation
27354201|a|Regeneration of adult skeletal muscle following injury occurs through the activation of satellite cells, that proliferates, differentiates, and fuses with injured myofibers. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) proteins are reported that they have the potential contributions to adult muscle regeneration. In order to further understand Mef2c gene, the promoter of pig Mef2c gene was analyzed in this paper. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed the expression pattern of Mef2c gene in muscle of eight tissues. The Mef2c promoter had the higher transcriptional activity in differentiated C2C12 cells than that in proliferating C2C12 cells, which was accompanied by the up-regulation of mRNA expression of Mef2c gene. Function deletion and mutation analyses showed that MyoD and MEF2 binding sites within the Mef2c promoter were responsible for the regulation of Mef2c transcription. MEF2C could up-regulate the transcriptional activities of Mef2c promoter constructs which contained a 3'-end nucleotide sequence with p300 binding site. The Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays determined the MyoD binding site in Mef2c promoter. These results advanced our knowledge of the promoter of the pig Mef2c gene. And the study of Mef2c promoter regulator elements helped to elucidating the regulation mechanisms of Mef2c in muscle differentiation or muscle repair and regeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
27354201	0	8	Function	T169	C0542341
27354201	9	17	analysis	T062	C0936012
27354201	21	26	Mef2c	T028	C1417102
27354201	27	35	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27354201	39	61	muscle differentiation	T043	C1326080
27354201	62	99	Regeneration of adult skeletal muscle	T042	C2752380
27354201	110	116	injury	T037	C3263722
27354201	136	146	activation	T043	C1326120
27354201	150	165	satellite cells	T025	C0599856
27354201	172	184	proliferates	T043	C0596290
27354201	186	200	differentiates	T043	C0007589
27354201	206	211	fuses	T043	C1261468
27354201	217	224	injured	T169	C0332664
27354201	225	234	myofibers	T023	C3899956
27354201	236	277	Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) proteins	T116,T123	C3658245
27354201	337	342	adult	T100	C0001675
27354201	343	362	muscle regeneration	T033	C1850849
27354201	395	405	Mef2c gene	T028	C1417102
27354201	411	419	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27354201	423	426	pig	T015	C0039005
27354201	427	437	Mef2c gene	T028	C1417102
27354201	466	492	Quantitative real-time PCR	T063	C3179034
27354201	494	501	qRT-PCR	T063	C3179034
27354201	516	526	expression	T045	C0017262
27354201	538	548	Mef2c gene	T028	C1417102
27354201	552	558	muscle	T024	C0026845
27354201	568	575	tissues	T024	C0040300
27354201	581	586	Mef2c	T028	C1417102
27354201	587	595	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27354201	611	635	transcriptional activity	T045	C0040649
27354201	639	653	differentiated	T043	C0007589
27354201	654	665	C2C12 cells	T025	C0007634
27354201	679	692	proliferating	T043	C0596290
27354201	693	704	C2C12 cells	T025	C0007634
27354201	735	748	up-regulation	T045	C0162493
27354201	752	767	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27354201	771	781	Mef2c gene	T028	C1417102
27354201	783	791	Function	T169	C0542341
27354201	792	800	deletion	T045	C0017260
27354201	805	813	mutation	T045	C0026882
27354201	814	822	analyses	T062	C0936012
27354201	835	839	MyoD	T116,T123	C0165230
27354201	844	848	MEF2	T116,T123	C3658245
27354201	849	862	binding sites	T087	C1514535
27354201	874	879	Mef2c	T028	C1417102
27354201	880	888	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27354201	914	924	regulation	T045	C1158770
27354201	928	933	Mef2c	T028	C1417102
27354201	934	947	transcription	T045	C0040649
27354201	949	954	MEF2C	T028	C1417102
27354201	961	1003	up-regulate the transcriptional activities	T045	C0162493
27354201	1007	1012	Mef2c	T028	C1417102
27354201	1013	1032	promoter constructs	T114,T123	C0086860
27354201	1051	1077	3'-end nucleotide sequence	T086	C0314659
27354201	1083	1087	p300	T116,T123	C1530358
27354201	1088	1100	binding site	T086	C0004793
27354201	1106	1143	Electrophoretic mobility shift assays	T059	C0949632
27354201	1145	1149	EMSA	T059	C0949632
27354201	1155	1198	chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays	T059	C1328856
27354201	1214	1218	MyoD	T116,T123	C0165230
27354201	1219	1231	binding site	T087	C1514535
27354201	1235	1240	Mef2c	T028	C1417102
27354201	1241	1249	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27354201	1295	1303	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27354201	1311	1314	pig	T015	C0039005
27354201	1315	1325	Mef2c gene	T028	C1417102
27354201	1344	1349	Mef2c	T028	C1417102
27354201	1350	1358	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27354201	1404	1425	regulation mechanisms	T045	C1158770
27354201	1429	1434	Mef2c	T028	C1417102
27354201	1438	1460	muscle differentiation	T043	C1326080
27354201	1464	1477	muscle repair	T061	C0185414
27354201	1482	1494	regeneration	T033	C1850849

27354219|t|TLR9 Deficiency Leads to Accelerated Renal Disease and Myeloid Lineage Abnormalities in Pristane -Induced Murine Lupus
27354219|a|Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, life-threatening autoimmune disorder, leading to multiple organ pathologies and kidney destruction. Analyses of numerous murine models of spontaneous SLE have revealed a critical role for endosomal TLRs in the production of autoantibodies and development of other clinical disease manifestations. Nevertheless, the corresponding TLR9 - deficient autoimmune -prone strains consistently develop more severe disease pathology. Injection of BALB/c mice with 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (TMPD), commonly known as pristane, also results in the development of SLE-like disease. We now show that Tlr9(-/-) BALB/c mice injected i.p. with TMPD develop more severe autoimmunity than do their TLR -sufficient cohorts. Early indications include an increased accumulation of TLR7 - expressing Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes at the site of injection, upregulation of IFN -regulated gene expression in the peritoneal cavity, and an increased production of myeloid lineage precursors (common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte myeloid precursors) in the bone marrow. TMPD - injected Tlr9(-/-) BALB/c mice develop higher autoantibody titers against RNA, neutrophil cytoplasmic Ags, and myeloperoxidase than do TMPD - injected wild-type BALB/c mice. The TMP - injected Tlr9(-/-) mice, and not the wild-type mice, also develop a marked increase in glomerular IgG deposition and infiltrating granulocytes, much more severe glomerulonephritis, and a reduced lifespan. Collectively, the data point to a major role for TLR7 in the response to self-antigens in this model of experimental autoimmunity. Therefore, the BALB/c pristane model recapitulates other TLR7 -driven spontaneous models of SLE and is negatively regulated by TLR9.
27354219	0	4	TLR9	T028	C1423633
27354219	5	15	Deficiency	T169	C0011155
27354219	25	36	Accelerated	T169	C0521110
27354219	37	50	Renal Disease	T047	C0022658
27354219	55	70	Myeloid Lineage	T025	C0007634
27354219	71	84	Abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27354219	88	96	Pristane	T109,T121	C0071986
27354219	106	112	Murine	T015	C0026809
27354219	113	118	Lupus	T047	C0012634
27354219	119	147	Systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
27354219	149	153	SLE)	T047	C0024141
27354219	159	166	chronic	T079	C0205191
27354219	168	184	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27354219	185	204	autoimmune disorder	T047	C0004364
27354219	226	231	organ	T023	C0178784
27354219	232	243	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27354219	248	254	kidney	T023	C0022646
27354219	255	266	destruction	T052	C1948029
27354219	289	295	murine	T015	C0026809
27354219	296	302	models	T050	C0012644
27354219	318	321	SLE	T047	C0024141
27354219	356	365	endosomal	T026	C1820047
27354219	366	370	TLRs	T116,T192	C0670896
27354219	392	406	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
27354219	432	440	clinical	T080	C0205210
27354219	441	448	disease	T047	C0012634
27354219	449	463	manifestations	T169	C0205319
27354219	497	501	TLR9	T028	C1423633
27354219	504	513	deficient	T169	C0011155
27354219	514	524	autoimmune	T046	C0443146
27354219	532	539	strains	T001	C1518614
27354219	573	580	disease	T047	C0012634
27354219	581	590	pathology	T091	C0030664
27354219	592	601	Injection	T061	C1533685
27354219	605	616	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
27354219	622	654	2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane	T109,T121	C0071986
27354219	656	660	TMPD	T109,T121	C0071986
27354219	681	689	pristane	T109,T121	C0071986
27354219	726	742	SLE-like disease	T047	C0012634
27354219	761	770	Tlr9(-/-)	T028	C1423633
27354219	771	782	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
27354219	783	796	injected i.p.	T061	C0021493
27354219	802	806	TMPD	T109,T121	C0071986
27354219	827	839	autoimmunity	T046	C0004368
27354219	854	857	TLR	T116,T192	C0670896
27354219	918	930	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27354219	934	938	TLR7	T028	C1336639
27354219	941	951	expressing	T045	C0017262
27354219	952	960	Ly6C(hi)	T129	C1530208
27354219	961	973	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27354219	974	983	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27354219	991	1008	site of injection	T082	C2700396
27354219	1010	1022	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27354219	1026	1029	IFN	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
27354219	1041	1056	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27354219	1064	1081	peritoneal cavity	T030	C1704247
27354219	1114	1140	myeloid lineage precursors	T025	C0007634
27354219	1142	1168	common myeloid progenitors	T025	C1956319
27354219	1173	1184	granulocyte	T025	C0018183
27354219	1185	1203	myeloid precursors	T025	C0007634
27354219	1212	1223	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27354219	1225	1229	TMPD	T109,T121	C0071986
27354219	1232	1240	injected	T061	C1533685
27354219	1241	1250	Tlr9(-/-)	T028	C1423633
27354219	1251	1262	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
27354219	1278	1290	autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
27354219	1306	1309	RNA	T114	C0035668
27354219	1311	1321	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27354219	1322	1333	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27354219	1334	1337	Ags	T129	C0003320
27354219	1343	1358	myeloperoxidase	T116,T126	C0027021
27354219	1367	1371	TMPD	T109,T121	C0071986
27354219	1374	1382	injected	T061	C1533685
27354219	1383	1404	wild-type BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
27354219	1410	1413	TMP	T109,T121	C0071986
27354219	1416	1424	injected	T061	C1533685
27354219	1425	1434	Tlr9(-/-)	T028	C1423633
27354219	1435	1439	mice	T015	C0026809
27354219	1453	1467	wild-type mice	T015	C1520150
27354219	1503	1517	glomerular IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27354219	1518	1528	deposition	T169	C0333562
27354219	1546	1558	granulocytes	T025	C0018183
27354219	1577	1595	glomerulonephritis	T047	C0017658
27354219	1603	1610	reduced	T080	C0392756
27354219	1611	1619	lifespan	T102	C0870809
27354219	1670	1674	TLR7	T028	C1336639
27354219	1682	1690	response	T032	C0871261
27354219	1694	1707	self-antigens	T129	C0004359
27354219	1716	1721	model	T050	C0012644
27354219	1738	1750	autoimmunity	T046	C0004368
27354219	1767	1773	BALB/c	T015	C0025919
27354219	1774	1782	pristane	T109,T121	C0071986
27354219	1783	1788	model	T050	C0012644
27354219	1809	1813	TLR7	T028	C1336639
27354219	1834	1840	models	T050	C0012644
27354219	1844	1847	SLE	T047	C0024141
27354219	1855	1865	negatively	T033	C0205160
27354219	1879	1883	TLR9	T028	C1423633

27354236|t|Novel insights into development of diabetic bladder disorder provided by metabolomic analysis of the rat nondiabetic and diabetic detrusor and urothelial layer
27354236|a|There are at present no published studies providing a global overview of changes in bladder metabolism resulting from diabetes. Such studies have the potential to provide mechanistic insight into the development of diabetic bladder disorder (DBD). In the present study, we compared the metabolome of detrusor and urothelial layer in a 1-mo streptozotocin -induced rat model of type 1 diabetes with nondiabetic controls. Our studies revealed that diabetes caused both common and differential changes in the detrusor and urothelial layer's metabolome. Diabetes resulted in similar changes in the levels of previously described diabetic markers in both tissues, such as glucose, lactate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, branched-chain amino acid degradation products, bile acids, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol, as well as markers of oxidative stress. In the detrusor (but not the urothelial layer), diabetes caused activation of the pentose-phosphate and polyol pathways, concomitant with a reduction in the TCA cycle and β-oxidation. Changes in detrusor energy-generating pathways resulted in an accumulation of sorbitol that, through generation of advanced glycation end products, is likely to play a central role in the development of DBD. In the diabetic urothelial layer there was decreased flux of glucose via glycolysis and changes in lipid metabolism, particularly prostaglandin synthesis, which also potentially contributes to detrusor dysfunction.
27354236	35	43	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27354236	44	60	bladder disorder	T047	C0005686
27354236	73	93	metabolomic analysis	T091	C1328813
27354236	101	104	rat	T015	C0034721
27354236	121	129	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27354236	130	138	detrusor	T023	C1180419
27354236	143	159	urothelial layer	T024	C0227692
27354236	233	240	changes	T169	C0392747
27354236	244	251	bladder	T023	C0005682
27354236	252	262	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27354236	278	286	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27354236	375	383	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27354236	384	406	bladder disorder (DBD)	T047	C0005686
27354236	446	456	metabolome	T070	C2350399
27354236	460	468	detrusor	T023	C1180419
27354236	473	489	urothelial layer	T024	C0227692
27354236	500	514	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
27354236	524	527	rat	T015	C0034721
27354236	528	533	model	T050	C0012644
27354236	537	552	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
27354236	558	578	nondiabetic controls	T096	C0009932
27354236	606	614	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27354236	651	658	changes	T169	C0392747
27354236	666	674	detrusor	T023	C1180419
27354236	679	697	urothelial layer's	T024	C0227692
27354236	698	708	metabolome	T070	C2350399
27354236	710	718	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
27354236	739	746	changes	T169	C0392747
27354236	785	793	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27354236	794	801	markers	T201	C0005516
27354236	810	817	tissues	T024	C0040300
27354236	827	834	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27354236	836	843	lactate	T109,T121,T123	C0064582
27354236	845	862	2-hydroxybutyrate	T109,T123	C0046188
27354236	864	910	branched-chain amino acid degradation products	T116	C3494275
27354236	912	922	bile acids	T109,T123	C0005390
27354236	928	947	1,5-anhydroglucitol	T109	C0044029
27354236	960	967	markers	T201	C0005516
27354236	971	987	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27354236	996	1004	detrusor	T023	C1180419
27354236	1018	1034	urothelial layer	T024	C0227692
27354236	1037	1045	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27354236	1071	1088	pentose-phosphate	T109	C0030893
27354236	1093	1099	polyol	T109	C0071629
27354236	1100	1108	pathways	T044	C1704259
27354236	1146	1155	TCA cycle	T044	C1516586
27354236	1160	1171	β-oxidation	T044	C1158368
27354236	1173	1180	Changes	T169	C0392747
27354236	1184	1192	detrusor	T023	C1180419
27354236	1193	1219	energy-generating pathways	T044	C1158271
27354236	1251	1259	sorbitol	T109,T121	C0037688
27354236	1288	1319	advanced glycation end products	T109,T123	C0162574
27354236	1376	1379	DBD	T047	C0005686
27354236	1388	1396	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27354236	1397	1413	urothelial layer	T024	C0227692
27354236	1434	1438	flux	T070	C2348693
27354236	1442	1449	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27354236	1454	1464	glycolysis	T044	C0017952
27354236	1469	1476	changes	T169	C0392747
27354236	1469	1476	changes	T169	C0392747
27354236	1480	1496	lipid metabolism	T044	C0598783
27354236	1511	1524	prostaglandin	T109,T121,T125	C0033554
27354236	1525	1534	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27354236	1574	1582	detrusor	T023	C1180419
27354236	1583	1594	dysfunction	T046	C0277785

27354631|t|Development of an Evaluation Device for Phagocytic Activity of New Phagocytes Using Simple and pH-sensitive Particles that Do Not Require Pre-treatment
27354631|a|Phagocytic activity is affected by a number of different stress and age -dependent factors. An easy measurement of phagocytic activity is thought to allow an indicator of an individual 's health. In this study, we investigated conditions of measurement to easily evaluate the activity of phagocytosis of phagocytic cells (macrophages and neutrophils) using an easy-to-use prototype, which was improved from the device by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., to detect neutrophil activity using subtle fluorescence. pH-sensitive fluorescent particles (pHrodo-Green E. coli Bio particles, GE particles) were added to mouse -derived macrophage cell lines (J774.1) and then incubated for 2 h at 37°C. For negative control, the phagocytosis inhibitor cytochalasin D (CyD), was added prior to culture. Next, fluorescence intensity was measured by the Prototype to evaluate the phagocytic activity of macrophages and neutrophils. Phagocytosis was also confirmed by flow cytometry. The Prototype detected a steady fluorescence increase in 5 sec in J774.1 after phagocytosis, using GE particles as a negative control in the presence of CyD. Furthermore, detection was possible at 10(4) cells/test, a concentration where the flow cytometer had difficulty for detection. The Prototype enables measurement of the phagocytic activity within a short period of time, even with a small sample amount, thus establishing the basic conditions of measurements of phagocytosis.
27354631	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
27354631	18	28	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27354631	29	35	Device	T073	C0699733
27354631	40	50	Phagocytic	T025	C0031307
27354631	51	59	Activity	T052	C0441655
27354631	67	77	Phagocytes	T025	C0031307
27354631	95	117	pH-sensitive Particles	T130	C0021212
27354631	138	151	Pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
27354631	152	162	Phagocytic	T025	C0031307
27354631	163	171	activity	T052	C0441655
27354631	209	215	stress	T033	C0038435
27354631	220	223	age	T032	C0001779
27354631	252	263	measurement	T169	C0242485
27354631	267	277	phagocytic	T025	C0031307
27354631	278	286	activity	T052	C0441655
27354631	326	336	individual	T098	C0237401
27354631	340	346	health	T078	C0018684
27354631	356	361	study	T062	C2603343
27354631	393	404	measurement	T169	C0242485
27354631	428	436	activity	T052	C0441655
27354631	440	452	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
27354631	456	472	phagocytic cells	T025	C0031307
27354631	474	485	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27354631	490	501	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27354631	563	569	device	T073	C0699733
27354631	573	597	Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.	T170	C0947322
27354631	609	619	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27354631	620	628	activity	T052	C0441655
27354631	642	654	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27354631	656	690	pH-sensitive fluorescent particles	T130	C0021212
27354631	692	726	pHrodo-Green E. coli Bio particles	T130	C0021212
27354631	728	740	GE particles	T130	C0021212
27354631	756	761	mouse	T015	C0025929
27354631	771	792	macrophage cell lines	T025	C1523993
27354631	794	800	J774.1	T025	C1513528
27354631	811	820	incubated	T059	C1439852
27354631	842	858	negative control	T077	C1947986
27354631	864	876	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
27354631	877	886	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27354631	887	901	cytochalasin D	T109,T123	C0010738
27354631	903	906	CyD	T109,T123	C0010738
27354631	928	935	culture	T059	C0430400
27354631	943	955	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27354631	956	965	intensity	T080	C0522510
27354631	1012	1022	phagocytic	T025	C0031307
27354631	1023	1031	activity	T052	C0441655
27354631	1035	1046	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27354631	1051	1062	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27354631	1064	1076	Phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
27354631	1099	1113	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27354631	1147	1159	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27354631	1181	1187	J774.1	T025	C1513528
27354631	1194	1206	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
27354631	1214	1226	GE particles	T130	C0021212
27354631	1232	1248	negative control	T077	C1947986
27354631	1268	1271	CyD	T109,T123	C0010738
27354631	1286	1295	detection	T061	C1511790
27354631	1356	1370	flow cytometer	T074	C0180279
27354631	1390	1399	detection	T061	C1511790
27354631	1423	1434	measurement	T169	C0242485
27354631	1442	1452	phagocytic	T025	C0031307
27354631	1453	1461	activity	T052	C0441655
27354631	1487	1491	time	T079	C0040223
27354631	1511	1524	sample amount	T081	C1265611
27354631	1568	1580	measurements	T169	C0242485
27354631	1584	1596	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308

27354640|t|Effect of Xenotransplantation Site on MicroRNA Expression of Human Colon Cancer Stem Cells
27354640|a|Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have a high tumorigenic ability to form patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs). PDXs are an attractive pre-clinical model, but gene expression and biological behavior of cancer cells in the tumor will change during establishment and passage of PDXs. Human colon cancer PDX was established and passaged either subcutaneously or orthotopically into the murine intestine. Histology and flow cytometric profile of the surgical specimen and the PDX were analyzed. CSCs were then isolated from the tumors and their microRNA (miRNA) expression was analyzed by semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The surgical specimens and PDXs were histologically similar. The size of CSC population increased and expression of miRNA s in CSCs changed in the passaged PDXs. Expression of oncogenic miRNAs was highly up-regulated in the CSCs of the orthotopically passaged PDXs. The xenotransplantation site and the number of tumor passages affect the miRNA expression of human colon CSCs.
27354640	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27354640	10	29	Xenotransplantation	T061	C0520484
27354640	30	34	Site	T082	C0205145
27354640	38	46	MicroRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27354640	47	57	Expression	T045	C0017262
27354640	61	66	Human	T016	C0086418
27354640	67	79	Colon Cancer	T191	C0699790
27354640	80	90	Stem Cells	T025	C0038250
27354640	91	108	Cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
27354640	110	114	CSCs	T025	C1956422
27354640	123	127	high	T080	C0205250
27354640	128	139	tumorigenic	T191	C0007621
27354640	140	147	ability	T032	C0085732
27354640	156	188	patient-derived tumor xenografts	T050	C4050317
27354640	190	194	PDXs	T050	C4050317
27354640	197	201	PDXs	T050	C4050317
27354640	209	219	attractive	T080	C2346874
27354640	220	238	pre-clinical model	T170	C1514292
27354640	244	259	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27354640	264	283	biological behavior	T070	C0001398
27354640	287	299	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27354640	307	312	tumor	T191	C0027651
27354640	318	324	change	T169	C0392747
27354640	332	345	establishment	T080	C0443211
27354640	361	365	PDXs	T050	C4050317
27354640	367	372	Human	T016	C0086418
27354640	373	385	colon cancer	T191	C0699790
27354640	386	389	PDX	T050	C4050317
27354640	394	405	established	T080	C0443211
27354640	410	418	passaged	T059	C1709474
27354640	426	440	subcutaneously	T082	C0443315
27354640	444	458	orthotopically	T082	C0574893
27354640	468	474	murine	T015	C0025929
27354640	475	484	intestine	T023	C0021853
27354640	486	495	Histology	T091	C0019638
27354640	500	515	flow cytometric	T059	C0016263
27354640	516	523	profile	T059	C1979963
27354640	531	539	surgical	T061	C0543467
27354640	540	548	specimen	T077	C2347026
27354640	557	560	PDX	T050	C4050317
27354640	566	574	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27354640	576	580	CSCs	T025	C1956422
27354640	591	599	isolated	T169	C0205409
27354640	609	615	tumors	T191	C0027651
27354640	626	634	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27354640	636	641	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27354640	643	653	expression	T045	C0017262
27354640	658	666	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27354640	670	713	semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T059	C2733022
27354640	719	727	surgical	T061	C0543467
27354640	728	737	specimens	T077	C2347026
27354640	742	746	PDXs	T050	C4050317
27354640	752	766	histologically	T091	C0019638
27354640	767	774	similar	T080	C2348205
27354640	780	784	size	T082	C0456389
27354640	788	791	CSC	T025	C1956422
27354640	792	802	population	T098	C1257890
27354640	803	812	increased	T081	C0205217
27354640	817	827	expression	T045	C0017262
27354640	831	836	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27354640	842	846	CSCs	T025	C1956422
27354640	847	854	changed	T169	C0392747
27354640	862	870	passaged	T059	C1709474
27354640	871	875	PDXs	T050	C4050317
27354640	877	887	Expression	T045	C0017262
27354640	891	900	oncogenic	T131	C0007090
27354640	901	907	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27354640	912	918	highly	T080	C0205250
27354640	919	931	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27354640	939	943	CSCs	T025	C1956422
27354640	951	965	orthotopically	T082	C0574893
27354640	966	974	passaged	T059	C1709474
27354640	975	979	PDXs	T050	C4050317
27354640	985	1004	xenotransplantation	T061	C0520484
27354640	1005	1009	site	T082	C0205145
27354640	1018	1024	number	T081	C0237753
27354640	1028	1033	tumor	T191	C0027651
27354640	1034	1042	passages	T059	C1709474
27354640	1043	1049	affect	T041	C0001721
27354640	1054	1059	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27354640	1060	1070	expression	T045	C0017262
27354640	1074	1079	human	T016	C0086418
27354640	1080	1085	colon	T023	C0009368
27354640	1086	1090	CSCs	T025	C1956422

27355258|t|Survival of ovarian cancer patients in Denmark: Results from the Danish gynaecological cancer group (DGCG) database, 1995-2012
27355258|a|Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate, especially in Denmark where mortality rates have been reported higher than in adjacent countries with similar demographics. This study therefore examined recent survival and mortality among Danish ovarian cancer patients over an 18-year study period. This nationwide registry-based observational study used data from the Danish Gynecology Cancer Database, Danish Pathology Registry, and Danish National Patient Registry. All patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed between 1995 and 2012 were included in the study. The data sources were linked via the patients ' personal identification number and the analyses included data on cancer stage, age, survival, surgery status and comorbidity. The computed outcome measures were age-adjusted mortality rates and age-adjusted overall and relative survival rates for one and five years. We identified 9972 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the period 1995-2012. The absolute one-year mortality rate decreased from 42.8 (CI 40.3-45.6) in 1995-1999 to 28.3 (CI 25.9-30.9) in 2010-2012, and the five-year mortality rate decreased from 28.2 (CI 27.0-29.5) in 1995-1999 to 23.9 (CI 22.9-25.0) in 2005-2009. After stratification by age, comorbidity and cancer stage, the decrease in one-year mortality was most substantial in the 65-74 year old age group 41.1 (CI 38.8-43.5) to 26.5 (CI 24.4-28.7) and for stage III 39.1 (CI 35.1-43.6) to 22.9 (CI 19.9-26.5) and stage IV 91.3 (CI 80.8-103.2) to 41.9 (CI 35.5-49.5). For overall survival, we showed an increase in one-year survival from 68% (CI 66-69%) in 1995-1999 to 76% (CI 74-78%) in 2010-2012 and an increase in five-year survival from 33% (CI 32-35%) in 1995-1999 to 36% (CI 34-38%) in 2005-2009. Relative survival showed similar increases through the period. Ovarian cancer survival in Denmark has improved substantially from 1995 to 2012, bringing Denmark closer to the standards set by adjacent countries.
27355258	0	8	Survival	T062	C0038953
27355258	12	26	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27355258	27	35	patients	T101	C1516213
27355258	39	46	Denmark	T083	C0011318
27355258	65	99	Danish gynaecological cancer group	T097	C1707252
27355258	100	115	(DGCG) database	T170	C1140271
27355258	127	141	Ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27355258	148	167	high mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27355258	183	190	Denmark	T083	C0011318
27355258	197	212	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
27355258	247	265	adjacent countries	T083	C0454664
27355258	271	291	similar demographics	T090	C0011298
27355258	330	338	survival	T081	C0038954
27355258	343	352	mortality	T081	C0205848
27355258	359	380	Danish ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27355258	381	389	patients	T101	C1516213
27355258	425	450	nationwide registry-based	T170	C1514227
27355258	451	470	observational study	T062	C1518527
27355258	490	523	Danish Gynecology Cancer Database	T170	C1140271
27355258	525	550	Danish Pathology Registry	T170	C0920465
27355258	556	588	Danish National Patient Registry	T062	C0920631
27355258	594	602	patients	T101	C1516213
27355258	608	622	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27355258	623	632	diagnosed	T060	C0920688
27355258	687	699	data sources	T081	C0011001
27355258	720	728	patients	T101	C1516213
27355258	731	761	personal identification number	T081,T170	C0242471
27355258	770	792	analyses included data	T169	C1524024
27355258	796	808	cancer stage	T060	C0027646
27355258	810	813	age	T032	C0001779
27355258	815	823	survival	T062	C0038953
27355258	825	839	surgery status	T033	C1392458
27355258	844	855	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27355258	870	886	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27355258	892	920	age-adjusted mortality rates	T081	C1706748
27355258	938	945	overall	T081	C4086681
27355258	950	973	relative survival rates	T081	C1711356
27355258	978	996	one and five years	T081	C2986537
27355258	1017	1035	patients diagnosed	T101	C1516213
27355258	1041	1055	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27355258	1094	1117	one-year mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27355258	1118	1127	decreased	T081	C0205216
27355258	1139	1141	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1175	1177	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1211	1235	five-year mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27355258	1236	1245	decreased	T081	C0205216
27355258	1257	1259	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1293	1295	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1327	1348	stratification by age	T062	C1514983
27355258	1350	1361	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27355258	1366	1378	cancer stage	T060	C0027646
27355258	1384	1414	decrease in one-year mortality	T081	C0282251
27355258	1454	1467	old age group	T098	C1999167
27355258	1474	1476	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1497	1499	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1519	1528	stage III	T191	C0278687
27355258	1535	1537	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1558	1560	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1576	1584	stage IV	T191	C2217303
27355258	1591	1593	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1615	1617	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1634	1650	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27355258	1665	1673	increase	T169	C0442805
27355258	1677	1694	one-year survival	T081	C0038954
27355258	1705	1707	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1737	1739	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1768	1776	increase	T169	C0442805
27355258	1780	1798	five-year survival	T081	C2986537
27355258	1809	1811	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1841	1843	CI	T081	C0009667
27355258	1866	1883	Relative survival	T081	C1711356
27355258	1899	1908	increases	T169	C0442805
27355258	1929	1943	Ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27355258	1944	1952	survival	T081	C0038954
27355258	1956	1963	Denmark	T083	C0011318
27355258	2019	2026	Denmark	T083	C0011318
27355258	2058	2076	adjacent countries	T083	C0454664

27355340|t|Proximal Soil Sensing - A Contribution for Species Habitat Distribution Modelling of Earthworms in Agricultural Soils?
27355340|a|Earthworms are important for maintaining soil ecosystem functioning and serve as indicators of soil fertility. However, detection of earthworms is time-consuming, which hinders the assessment of earthworm abundances with high sampling density over entire fields. Recent developments of mobile terrestrial sensor platforms for proximal soil sensing (PSS) provided new tools for collecting dense spatial information of soils using various sensing principles. Yet, the potential of PSS for assessing earthworm habitats is largely unexplored. This study investigates whether PSS data contribute to the spatial prediction of earthworm abundances in species distribution models of agricultural soils. Proximal soil sensing data, e.g., soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH, and near infrared absorbance (NIR), were collected in real-time in a field with two management strategies (reduced tillage / conventional tillage) and sandy to loam soils. PSS was related to observations from a long-term (11 years) earthworm observation study conducted at 42 plots. Earthworms were sampled from 0.5 x 0.5 x 0.2 m³ soil blocks and identified to species level. Sensor data were highly correlated with earthworm abundances observed in reduced tillage but less correlated with earthworm abundances observed in conventional tillage. This may indicate that management influences the sensor - earthworm relationship. Generalized additive models and state-space models showed that modelling based on data fusion from EC, pH, and NIR sensors produced better results than modelling without sensor data or data from just a single sensor. Regarding the individual earthworm species, particular sensor combinations were more appropriate than others due to the different habitat requirements of the earthworms. Earthworm species with soil -specific habitat preferences were spatially predicted with higher accuracy by PSS than more ubiquitous species. Our findings suggest that PSS contributes to the spatial modelling of earthworm abundances at field scale and that it will support species distribution modelling in the attempt to understand the soil - earthworm relationships in agroecosystems.
27355340	0	21	Proximal Soil Sensing	T059	C0022885
27355340	26	38	Contribution	T052	C1880177
27355340	43	50	Species	T185	C1705920
27355340	51	58	Habitat	T082	C0871648
27355340	59	71	Distribution	T169	C1704711
27355340	72	81	Modelling	T062	C0870071
27355340	85	95	Earthworms	T204	C0086194
27355340	99	111	Agricultural	T082	C0562975
27355340	112	117	Soils	T167	C0037592
27355340	119	129	Earthworms	T204	C0086194
27355340	160	164	soil	T167	C0037592
27355340	165	174	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
27355340	175	186	functioning	T169	C0542341
27355340	200	210	indicators	T130	C0021212
27355340	214	218	soil	T167	C0037592
27355340	219	228	fertility	T080	C0205556
27355340	252	262	earthworms	T204	C0086194
27355340	266	280	time-consuming	T080	C3827829
27355340	300	310	assessment	T052	C1516048
27355340	314	323	earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	324	334	abundances	T080	C2346714
27355340	345	353	sampling	T078	C0870078
27355340	354	361	density	T081	C0178587
27355340	374	380	fields	T082	C0562975
27355340	405	440	mobile terrestrial sensor platforms	T073	C0183210
27355340	445	466	proximal soil sensing	T059	C0022885
27355340	468	471	PSS	T059	C0022885
27355340	486	491	tools	T073	C0336791
27355340	521	532	information	T078	C1533716
27355340	536	541	soils	T167	C0037592
27355340	556	574	sensing principles	T170	C0282574
27355340	598	601	PSS	T059	C0022885
27355340	606	615	assessing	T052	C1516048
27355340	616	625	earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	626	634	habitats	T082	C0871648
27355340	663	668	study	T062	C2603343
27355340	669	681	investigates	T169	C1292732
27355340	690	693	PSS	T059	C0022885
27355340	694	698	data	T078	C1511726
27355340	725	735	prediction	T078	C0681842
27355340	739	748	earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	749	759	abundances	T080	C2346714
27355340	763	770	species	T185	C1705920
27355340	771	783	distribution	T169	C1704711
27355340	784	790	models	T170	C3161035
27355340	794	806	agricultural	T082	C0562975
27355340	807	812	soils	T167	C0037592
27355340	814	835	Proximal soil sensing	T059	C0022885
27355340	836	840	data	T078	C1511726
27355340	848	852	soil	T167	C0037592
27355340	853	876	electrical conductivity	T081	C0013777
27355340	878	880	EC	T081	C0013777
27355340	883	885	pH	T081	C0020283
27355340	891	915	near infrared absorbance	T059	C0376519
27355340	917	920	NIR	T059	C0376519
27355340	928	937	collected	T078	C1516695
27355340	941	950	real-time	T079	C1550177
27355340	956	961	field	T082	C0562975
27355340	971	992	management strategies	T170	C0680830
27355340	994	1001	reduced	T080	C0392756
27355340	1002	1009	tillage	T067	C1254366
27355340	1025	1032	tillage	T067	C1254366
27355340	1038	1043	sandy	T167	C0037592
27355340	1047	1057	loam soils	T167	C0037592
27355340	1059	1062	PSS	T059	C0022885
27355340	1078	1090	observations	T062	C0302523
27355340	1098	1107	long-term	T079	C0443252
27355340	1112	1117	years	T079	C0439234
27355340	1119	1128	earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	1129	1146	observation study	T033	C0552617
27355340	1163	1168	plots	T082	C0562975
27355340	1170	1180	Earthworms	T204	C0086194
27355340	1186	1193	sampled	T078	C0870078
27355340	1218	1222	soil	T167	C0037592
27355340	1234	1244	identified	T080	C0205396
27355340	1248	1255	species	T185	C1705920
27355340	1256	1261	level	T080	C0441889
27355340	1263	1269	Sensor	T075	C0600364
27355340	1270	1274	data	T078	C1511726
27355340	1303	1312	earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	1313	1323	abundances	T080	C2346714
27355340	1324	1332	observed	T169	C1441672
27355340	1336	1343	reduced	T080	C0392756
27355340	1344	1351	tillage	T067	C1254366
27355340	1361	1371	correlated	T080	C1707520
27355340	1377	1386	earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	1387	1397	abundances	T080	C2346714
27355340	1398	1406	observed	T169	C1441672
27355340	1410	1430	conventional tillage	T067	C1254366
27355340	1455	1465	management	T057	C1273870
27355340	1466	1476	influences	T077	C4054723
27355340	1481	1487	sensor	T075	C0600364
27355340	1490	1499	earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	1535	1541	models	T170	C3161035
27355340	1546	1564	state-space models	T170	C3161035
27355340	1577	1586	modelling	T062	C0870071
27355340	1596	1600	data	T078	C1511726
27355340	1613	1615	EC	T081	C0013777
27355340	1617	1619	pH	T081	C0020283
27355340	1625	1628	NIR	T059	C0376519
27355340	1629	1636	sensors	T075	C0600364
27355340	1653	1660	results	T033	C0683954
27355340	1666	1675	modelling	T062	C0870071
27355340	1684	1690	sensor	T075	C0600364
27355340	1691	1695	data	T078	C1511726
27355340	1699	1703	data	T078	C1511726
27355340	1723	1729	sensor	T075	C0600364
27355340	1756	1765	earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	1766	1773	species	T185	C1705920
27355340	1786	1792	sensor	T075	C0600364
27355340	1861	1868	habitat	T082	C0871648
27355340	1869	1881	requirements	T169	C1514873
27355340	1889	1899	earthworms	T204	C0086194
27355340	1901	1910	Earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	1911	1918	species	T185	C1705920
27355340	1924	1928	soil	T167	C0037592
27355340	1939	1946	habitat	T082	C0871648
27355340	1947	1958	preferences	T078	C0558295
27355340	1996	2004	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27355340	2008	2011	PSS	T059	C0022885
27355340	2022	2032	ubiquitous	T080	C2348867
27355340	2033	2040	species	T185	C1705920
27355340	2046	2054	findings	T033	C0243095
27355340	2068	2071	PSS	T059	C0022885
27355340	2099	2108	modelling	T062	C0870071
27355340	2112	2121	earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	2122	2132	abundances	T080	C2346714
27355340	2136	2147	field scale	UnknownType	C0814860
27355340	2173	2180	species	T185	C1705920
27355340	2181	2193	distribution	T169	C1704711
27355340	2194	2203	modelling	T062	C0870071
27355340	2237	2241	soil	T167	C0037592
27355340	2244	2253	earthworm	T204	C0086194
27355340	2271	2285	agroecosystems	T070	C0162358

27355356|t|Chemosensitivity, Cardiovascular Risk, and the Ventilatory Response to Exercise in COPD
27355356|a|COPD is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk and a potentiated ventilatory response to exercise. Enhanced carotid chemoreceptor (CC) activity / sensitivity is present in other clinical conditions, has been shown to contribute to sympathetic vasoconstrictor outflow, and is predictive of mortality. CC activity / sensitivity, and the resulting functional significance, has not been well examined in COPD. We hypothesized that CC activity / sensitivity would be elevated in COPD, and related to increased pulse wave velocity (a marker of CV risk) and the ventilatory response to exercise. 30 COPD patients and 10 healthy age-matched controls were examined. Participants performed baseline cardiopulmonary exercise and pulmonary function testing. CC activity was later evaluated by the drop in ventilation with breathing 100% O2, and CC sensitivity was then assessed by the ventilatory response to hypoxia (ΔVE/ΔS pO2). Peripheral arterial stiffness was subsequently evaluated by measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV) using applanation tonometry while the subjects were breathing room air, and then following chemoreceptor inhibition by breathing 100% O2 for 2 minutes. CC activity, CC sensitivity, PWV and the ventilatory response to exercise were all increased in COPD relative to controls. CC sensitivity was related to PWV; however, neither CC activity nor CC sensitivity was related to the ventilatory response to exercise in COPD. CC inhibition by breathing 100% O2 normalized PWV in COPD, while no effect was observed in controls. CC activity and sensitivity are elevated in COPD, and appear related to cardiovascular risk; however, CC activity / sensitivity does not contribute to the potentiated ventilatory response to exercise.
27355356	0	16	Chemosensitivity	T033	C2347610
27355356	18	37	Cardiovascular Risk	T033	C1113685
27355356	47	67	Ventilatory Response	T201	C1321070
27355356	71	79	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27355356	83	87	COPD	T047	C0024117
27355356	88	92	COPD	T047	C0024117
27355356	112	120	elevated	T080	C3163633
27355356	121	140	cardiovascular risk	T033	C1113685
27355356	147	158	potentiated	T080	C1704419
27355356	159	179	ventilatory response	T201	C1321070
27355356	183	191	exercise	T056	C0015259
27355356	202	209	carotid	T023	C0741968
27355356	210	223	chemoreceptor	T025	C0008010
27355356	225	227	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	229	237	activity	T042	C0234208
27355356	240	251	sensitivity	T042	C0234208
27355356	240	251	sensitivity	T042	C0234208
27355356	272	291	clinical conditions	T201	C0683325
27355356	325	336	sympathetic	T022	C0039044
27355356	337	360	vasoconstrictor outflow	T046	C1456863
27355356	369	379	predictive	T080	C0681890
27355356	383	392	mortality	T033	C1306577
27355356	394	396	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	397	405	activity	T042	C0234208
27355356	408	419	sensitivity	T042	C0234208
27355356	439	449	functional	T169	C0205245
27355356	450	462	significance	T078	C0750502
27355356	468	490	not been well examined	T080	C0332129
27355356	494	498	COPD	T047	C0024117
27355356	521	523	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	524	532	activity	T042	C0234208
27355356	535	546	sensitivity	T042	C0234208
27355356	556	564	elevated	T080	C3163633
27355356	568	572	COPD	T047	C0024117
27355356	589	598	increased	T081	C0205217
27355356	599	618	pulse wave velocity	T081	C3494431
27355356	622	628	marker	T201	C0005516
27355356	632	639	CV risk	T033	C1113685
27355356	649	669	ventilatory response	T201	C1321070
27355356	673	681	exercise	T056	C0015259
27355356	686	690	COPD	T047	C0024117
27355356	691	699	patients	T101	C0030705
27355356	707	714	healthy	T080	C3898900
27355356	727	735	controls	T096	C0009932
27355356	741	749	examined	T033	C0332128
27355356	751	763	Participants	T098	C0679646
27355356	774	782	baseline	T081	C1442488
27355356	783	807	cardiopulmonary exercise	T060	C2959886
27355356	812	838	pulmonary function testing	T060	C0024119
27355356	840	842	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	843	851	activity	T042	C0234208
27355356	862	871	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27355356	879	886	drop in	T033	C0085639
27355356	887	898	ventilation	T039	C0035203
27355356	904	913	breathing	T039	C0035203
27355356	919	921	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27355356	927	929	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	930	941	sensitivity	T042	C0234208
27355356	967	998	ventilatory response to hypoxia	T060	C0199505
27355356	1007	1010	pO2	T059	C1283004
27355356	1013	1023	Peripheral	T082	C0205100
27355356	1024	1042	arterial stiffness	T039	C0599949
27355356	1060	1069	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27355356	1073	1084	measurement	T169	C0242485
27355356	1088	1107	pulse wave velocity	T081	C3494431
27355356	1109	1112	PWV	T081	C3494431
27355356	1120	1141	applanation tonometry	T060	C0430862
27355356	1166	1175	breathing	T039	C0035203
27355356	1176	1184	room air	T033	C3846005
27355356	1205	1218	chemoreceptor	T025	C0008010
27355356	1219	1229	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27355356	1233	1242	breathing	T039	C0035203
27355356	1243	1247	100%	T081	C3817553
27355356	1248	1250	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27355356	1266	1268	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	1269	1277	activity	T042	C0234208
27355356	1279	1281	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	1282	1293	sensitivity	T042	C0234208
27355356	1295	1298	PWV	T081	C3494431
27355356	1307	1327	ventilatory response	T201	C1321070
27355356	1331	1339	exercise	T056	C0015259
27355356	1362	1366	COPD	T047	C0024117
27355356	1379	1387	controls	T096	C0009932
27355356	1389	1391	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	1392	1403	sensitivity	T042	C0234208
27355356	1419	1422	PWV	T081	C3494431
27355356	1441	1443	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	1444	1452	activity	T042	C0234208
27355356	1457	1459	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	1460	1471	sensitivity	T042	C0234208
27355356	1491	1511	ventilatory response	T201	C1321070
27355356	1515	1523	exercise	T056	C0015259
27355356	1527	1531	COPD	T047	C0024117
27355356	1533	1535	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	1550	1559	breathing	T039	C0035203
27355356	1560	1564	100%	T081	C3817553
27355356	1565	1567	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27355356	1579	1582	PWV	T081	C3494431
27355356	1586	1590	COPD	T047	C0024117
27355356	1598	1607	no effect	T080	C1301751
27355356	1624	1632	controls	T096	C0009932
27355356	1634	1636	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	1637	1645	activity	T042	C0234208
27355356	1650	1661	sensitivity	T042	C0234208
27355356	1666	1674	elevated	T080	C3163633
27355356	1678	1682	COPD	T047	C0024117
27355356	1706	1725	cardiovascular risk	T033	C1113685
27355356	1736	1738	CC	T025	C0008010
27355356	1739	1747	activity	T042	C0234208
27355356	1750	1761	sensitivity	T042	C0234208
27355356	1789	1800	potentiated	T080	C1704419
27355356	1801	1821	ventilatory response	T201	C1321070
27355356	1825	1833	exercise	T056	C0015259

27355434|t|Size matters to function: Brain volume correlates with intrinsic brain activity across healthy individuals
27355434|a|A fundamental issue in neuroscience is to understand the structural substrates of neural activities. Intrinsic brain activity has been increasingly recognized as an important functional activity mode and is tightly linked with various cognitive functions. Structurally, cognitive functions have also shown a relation with brain volume / size. Therefore, an association between intrinsic brain activities and brain volume / size can be hypothesized, and brain volume / size may impact intrinsic brain activity in human brains. The present study aimed to explicitly investigate this brain structure - function relationship using two large independent cohorts of 176 and 236 young adults. Structural - MRI was performed to estimate the brain volume, and resting-state functional-MRI was applied to extract the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), an imaging measure of intrinsic brain activity. Intriguingly, our results revealed a robust linear correlation between whole-brain size and ALFF. Moreover, specific brain lobes / regions, including the frontal lobe, the left middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, Rolandic operculum, and insula, also showed a reliable, positive volume - ALFF correlation in the two cohorts. These findings offer direct, empirical evidence of a strong association between brain size / volume and intrinsic brain activity, as well as provide novel insight into the structural substrates of the intrinsic brain activity of the human brain.
27355434	0	4	Size	T081	C0870226
27355434	26	38	Brain volume	T081	C1113695
27355434	39	49	correlates	T080	C1707520
27355434	55	64	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
27355434	65	79	brain activity	T039	C0443158
27355434	87	94	healthy	T080	C3898900
27355434	95	106	individuals	T098	C0027361
27355434	130	142	neuroscience	T091	C0027910
27355434	164	174	structural	T082	C0678594
27355434	175	185	substrates	T169	C1521761
27355434	208	217	Intrinsic	T082	C0205102
27355434	218	232	brain activity	T039	C0443158
27355434	342	361	cognitive functions	T041	C0392335
27355434	377	396	cognitive functions	T041	C0392335
27355434	429	441	brain volume	T081	C1113695
27355434	444	448	size	T081	C0870226
27355434	464	475	association	T080	C0439849
27355434	484	493	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
27355434	494	510	brain activities	T039	C0443158
27355434	515	527	brain volume	T081	C1113695
27355434	530	534	size	T081	C0870226
27355434	560	572	brain volume	T081	C1113695
27355434	575	579	size	T081	C0870226
27355434	584	590	impact	T080	C4049986
27355434	591	600	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
27355434	601	615	brain activity	T039	C0443158
27355434	619	624	human	T016	C0086418
27355434	625	631	brains	T023	C0006104
27355434	645	650	study	T062	C2603343
27355434	671	682	investigate	T169	C1292732
27355434	688	703	brain structure	T023	C0006104
27355434	706	714	function	T039	C0031843
27355434	715	727	relationship	T080	C0439849
27355434	756	763	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27355434	779	791	young adults	T100	C0238598
27355434	793	803	Structural	T082	C0678594
27355434	806	809	MRI	T060	C0024485
27355434	814	823	performed	T169	C0884358
27355434	827	835	estimate	T081	C0750572
27355434	840	852	brain volume	T081	C1113695
27355434	858	886	resting-state functional-MRI	T060	C4288291
27355434	914	953	amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations	T081	C0392762
27355434	955	959	ALFF	T081	C0392762
27355434	984	993	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
27355434	994	1008	brain activity	T039	C0443158
27355434	1054	1060	linear	T082	C0205132
27355434	1061	1072	correlation	T080	C1707520
27355434	1081	1097	whole-brain size	T081	C0870226
27355434	1102	1106	ALFF	T081	C0392762
27355434	1118	1126	specific	T080	C0205369
27355434	1127	1138	brain lobes	T023	C0228179
27355434	1141	1148	regions	T029	C1273723
27355434	1164	1176	frontal lobe	T023	C0016733
27355434	1182	1207	left middle frontal gyrus	T023	C2338540
27355434	1209	1233	anterior cingulate gyrus	T023	C0175190
27355434	1235	1253	Rolandic operculum	T023	C0228265
27355434	1259	1265	insula	T023	C0021640
27355434	1281	1289	reliable	T080	C0205556
27355434	1291	1299	positive	T033	C1446409
27355434	1300	1306	volume	T081	C1113695
27355434	1309	1313	ALFF	T081	C0392762
27355434	1314	1325	correlation	T080	C1707520
27355434	1337	1344	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27355434	1367	1373	direct	T080	C1947931
27355434	1375	1384	empirical	T080	C1880496
27355434	1385	1396	evidence of	T169	C0332120
27355434	1399	1405	strong	T080	C0442821
27355434	1406	1417	association	T080	C0439849
27355434	1426	1436	brain size	T081	C0870226
27355434	1439	1445	volume	T081	C1113695
27355434	1450	1459	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
27355434	1460	1474	brain activity	T039	C0443158
27355434	1518	1528	structural	T082	C0678594
27355434	1529	1539	substrates	T169	C1521761
27355434	1547	1556	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
27355434	1557	1571	brain activity	T039	C0443158
27355434	1579	1584	human	T016	C0086418
27355434	1585	1590	brain	T023	C0006104

27356151|t|Cavity partition and functionalization of a [2+3] organic molecular cage by inserting polar P[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds
27356151|a|The cavity of a [2+3] organic molecular cage was partitioned and functionalized by inserting inner-directed P[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds, which shows CO2 capture and CH4 exclusion due to the size - matching and polarity effects. Computational results demonstrate that the successful segmentation via polar P[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds facilitates the CO2 molecules to reside selectively inside the cavity.
27356151	0	6	Cavity	T082	C1254362
27356151	7	16	partition	T052	C2919031
27356151	21	38	functionalization	T169	C0205245
27356151	50	72	organic molecular cage	T109	C0599723
27356151	76	85	inserting	T169	C1883719
27356151	86	131	polar P[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds	T044	C0813982
27356151	136	142	cavity	T082	C1254362
27356151	154	176	organic molecular cage	T109	C0599723
27356151	181	192	partitioned	T052	C2919031
27356151	197	211	functionalized	T169	C0205245
27356151	215	224	inserting	T169	C1883719
27356151	225	239	inner-directed	T082	C0205102
27356151	240	279	P[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds	T044	C0813982
27356151	293	296	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27356151	309	312	CH4	T109	C0025617
27356151	313	322	exclusion	T052	C2828389
27356151	334	338	size	T082	C0456389
27356151	341	349	matching	T080	C1708943
27356151	354	362	polarity	T081	C0596963
27356151	363	370	effects	T080	C1280500
27356151	372	385	Computational	T052	C1880157
27356151	386	393	results	T033	C0683954
27356151	394	405	demonstrate	T080	C0443289
27356151	415	425	successful	T080	C1272703
27356151	426	438	segmentation	T082	C0442059
27356151	443	488	polar P[double bond, length as m-dash]O bonds	T044	C0813982
27356151	505	508	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27356151	509	518	molecules	T167	C0567416
27356151	522	528	reside	T052	C2982691
27356151	529	540	selectively	T052	C1707391
27356151	552	558	cavity	T082	C1254362

27356448|t|Succession Planning and Financial Performance: Does Competition Matter?
27356448|a|Succession planning has been defined as the process by which one or more successors are identified for key positions, development activities are planned for identified successors, or both. Limited research exists pertaining to the relationship between hospital succession planning and financial performance, particularly in the context of market competition. We used the resource-based view framework to analyze the differential effect of succession planning on hospitals ' financial performance based on market competition. According to RBV, organizations can achieve higher performance by using their superior resources and capabilities. We used a panel design consisting of a national sample of hospitals in the United States for 2006-2010. We analyzed data using multivariate linear regression with facility random effects and year and state fixed effects. The sample included 22,717 hospital - year observations; more than one half of the hospitals (55.4%) had a succession planning program. The study found a positive relationship between the presence of succession planning and financial performance (β = 1.41, p < .01), which was stronger in competitive market s (β = 2.31, p = .03) than in monopolistic markets (β = 1.06, p = .01). Hospitals can use these results to make informed decisions about investing in succession planning programs on the basis of competition in their market.
27356448	0	19	Succession Planning	T052	C0011751
27356448	24	33	Financial	T081	C0376243
27356448	34	45	Performance	T052	C1882330
27356448	52	63	Competition	T054	C0679932
27356448	72	91	Succession planning	T052	C0011751
27356448	116	123	process	T067	C1522240
27356448	145	155	successors	T098	C1257890
27356448	160	170	identified	T080	C0205396
27356448	179	188	positions	T080	C0205556
27356448	190	201	development	T169	C1527148
27356448	202	212	activities	T052	C0441655
27356448	217	224	planned	T169	C1301732
27356448	229	239	identified	T080	C0205396
27356448	240	250	successors	T098	C1257890
27356448	261	268	Limited	T169	C0439801
27356448	269	277	research	T062	C0035168
27356448	303	315	relationship	T080	C0439849
27356448	324	332	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27356448	333	352	succession planning	T052	C0011751
27356448	357	366	financial	T081	C0376243
27356448	367	378	performance	T052	C1882330
27356448	400	407	context	T078	C0449255
27356448	411	417	market	T169	C0525052
27356448	418	429	competition	T054	C0679932
27356448	443	462	resource-based view	T170	C3161035
27356448	463	472	framework	T077	C1254372
27356448	476	483	analyze	T062	C0936012
27356448	501	510	effect of	T080	C1704420
27356448	511	530	succession planning	T052	C0011751
27356448	534	543	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27356448	546	555	financial	T081	C0376243
27356448	556	567	performance	T052	C1882330
27356448	577	583	market	T169	C0525052
27356448	584	595	competition	T054	C0679932
27356448	610	613	RBV	T170	C3161035
27356448	615	628	organizations	T092	C1561598
27356448	641	647	higher	T080	C0205250
27356448	648	659	performance	T052	C1882330
27356448	675	683	superior	T082	C1282910
27356448	684	693	resources	T078	C0035201
27356448	698	710	capabilities	T080	C2698977
27356448	722	734	panel design	T052	C1707689
27356448	751	766	national sample	T080	C0205556
27356448	770	779	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27356448	787	800	United States	T083	C0041703
27356448	819	827	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27356448	828	832	data	T078	C1511726
27356448	839	869	multivariate linear regression	T081	C0023733
27356448	875	898	facility random effects	T080	C1280500
27356448	903	907	year	T079	C0439234
27356448	912	917	state	T083	C1301808
27356448	918	931	fixed effects	T080	C1280500
27356448	937	943	sample	T080	C0205556
27356448	960	968	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27356448	971	975	year	T079	C0439234
27356448	976	988	observations	T078	C1554188
27356448	1016	1025	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27356448	1040	1067	succession planning program	T057	C0680834
27356448	1087	1095	positive	T033	C1446409
27356448	1096	1108	relationship	T080	C0439849
27356448	1121	1129	presence	T033	C0150312
27356448	1133	1152	succession planning	T052	C0011751
27356448	1157	1166	financial	T081	C0376243
27356448	1167	1178	performance	T052	C1882330
27356448	1222	1233	competitive	T054	C0679932
27356448	1234	1240	market	T169	C0525052
27356448	1271	1291	monopolistic markets	T169	C0525052
27356448	1313	1322	Hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27356448	1362	1371	decisions	T041	C0679006
27356448	1391	1419	succession planning programs	T057	C0680834
27356448	1436	1447	competition	T054	C0679932
27356448	1457	1463	market	T169	C0525052

27356521|t|On the Control of Social Approach-Avoidance Behavior: Neural and Endocrine Mechanisms
27356521|a|The ability to control our automatic action tendencies is crucial for adequate social interactions. Emotional events trigger automatic approach and avoidance tendencies. Although these actions may be generally adaptive, the capacity to override these emotional reactions may be key to flexible behavior during social interaction. The present chapter provides a review of the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying this ability and their relation to social psychopathologies. Aberrant social behavior, such as observed in social anxiety or psychopathy, is marked by abnormalities in approach-avoidance tendencies and the ability to control them. Key neural regions involved in the regulation of approach-avoidance behavior are the amygdala, widely implicated in automatic emotional processing, and the anterior prefrontal cortex, which exerts control over the amygdala. Hormones, especially testosterone and cortisol, have been shown to affect approach-avoidance behavior and the associated neural mechanisms. The present chapter also discusses ways to directly influence social approach and avoidance behavior and will end with a research agenda to further advance this important research field. Control over approach-avoidance tendencies may serve as an exemplar of emotional action regulation and might have a great value in understanding the underlying mechanisms of the development of affective disorders.
27356521	7	14	Control	T169	C2587213
27356521	18	24	Social	T169	C0728831
27356521	25	52	Approach-Avoidance Behavior	T033	C0562433
27356521	54	60	Neural	T169	C3714606
27356521	65	74	Endocrine	T169	C0521425
27356521	75	85	Mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27356521	90	97	ability	T032	C0085732
27356521	101	108	control	T169	C2587213
27356521	113	122	automatic	T169	C0205554
27356521	123	129	action	T052	C3266814
27356521	130	140	tendencies	T078	C0750492
27356521	144	151	crucial	T080	C1511545
27356521	156	164	adequate	T080	C0205411
27356521	165	184	social interactions	T033	C0037420
27356521	186	195	Emotional	T033	C0849912
27356521	196	202	events	T051	C0441471
27356521	203	210	trigger	T080	C1444748
27356521	211	220	automatic	T169	C0205554
27356521	221	243	approach and avoidance	T033	C0562433
27356521	244	254	tendencies	T078	C0750492
27356521	271	278	actions	T052	C3266814
27356521	296	304	adaptive	T169	C0231193
27356521	310	318	capacity	T081	C1516240
27356521	322	330	override	T052	C1547671
27356521	337	356	emotional reactions	T033	C0221736
27356521	364	367	key	T077	C1706198
27356521	371	379	flexible	T080	C0443220
27356521	380	388	behavior	T053	C0004927
27356521	396	414	social interaction	T033	C0037420
27356521	420	427	present	T079	C0521116
27356521	428	435	chapter	T078	C1552857
27356521	436	444	provides	T052	C1999230
27356521	447	453	review	T078	C1552617
27356521	461	475	neuroendocrine	T022	C0027912
27356521	476	486	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27356521	503	510	ability	T032	C0085732
27356521	521	529	relation	T080	C0439849
27356521	533	539	social	T169	C0728831
27356521	540	557	psychopathologies	T091	C0033927
27356521	559	567	Aberrant	T080	C0443127
27356521	568	583	social behavior	T054	C0037397
27356521	593	601	observed	T169	C1441672
27356521	605	619	social anxiety	T048	C4237417
27356521	623	634	psychopathy	T048	C0031212
27356521	639	645	marked	T080	C1706089
27356521	649	662	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27356521	666	684	approach-avoidance	T033	C0562433
27356521	685	695	tendencies	T078	C0750492
27356521	704	711	ability	T032	C0085732
27356521	715	722	control	T169	C2587213
27356521	729	732	Key	T077	C1706198
27356521	733	739	neural	T169	C3714606
27356521	740	747	regions	T082	C0205147
27356521	748	756	involved	T169	C1314939
27356521	764	774	regulation	T038	C1327622
27356521	778	805	approach-avoidance behavior	T033	C0562433
27356521	814	822	amygdala	T023	C0002708
27356521	831	841	implicated	T080	C4049986
27356521	845	854	automatic	T169	C0205554
27356521	855	864	emotional	T033	C0849912
27356521	865	875	processing	T041	C0025361
27356521	885	893	anterior	T082	C0205094
27356521	894	911	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
27356521	919	925	exerts	T040	C0015264
27356521	926	933	control	T169	C2587213
27356521	943	951	amygdala	T023	C0002708
27356521	953	961	Hormones	T125	C0019932
27356521	974	986	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27356521	991	999	cortisol	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
27356521	1020	1026	affect	T041	C0001721
27356521	1027	1054	approach-avoidance behavior	T033	C0562433
27356521	1063	1073	associated	T080	C0332281
27356521	1074	1080	neural	T169	C3714606
27356521	1081	1091	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27356521	1097	1104	present	T079	C0521116
27356521	1105	1112	chapter	T078	C1552857
27356521	1136	1144	directly	T080	C1947931
27356521	1145	1154	influence	T077	C4054723
27356521	1155	1161	social	T169	C0728831
27356521	1162	1193	approach and avoidance behavior	T033	C0562433
27356521	1214	1222	research	T062	C0035168
27356521	1223	1229	agenda	T170	C0681473
27356521	1241	1248	advance	T169	C1527148
27356521	1254	1263	important	T080	C3898777
27356521	1264	1278	research field	T062	C0035168
27356521	1280	1287	Control	T169	C2587213
27356521	1293	1311	approach-avoidance	T033	C0562433
27356521	1312	1322	tendencies	T078	C0750492
27356521	1339	1347	exemplar	T170	C3161035
27356521	1351	1360	emotional	T033	C0849912
27356521	1361	1367	action	T052	C3266814
27356521	1368	1378	regulation	T038	C1327622
27356521	1396	1401	great	T081	C1704243
27356521	1402	1407	value	T080	C3827682
27356521	1411	1424	understanding	T041	C0162340
27356521	1440	1450	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27356521	1458	1469	development	T169	C1527148
27356521	1473	1492	affective disorders	T048	C0001723

27356693|t|High Occurrence of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma in Oman
27356693|a|It is conventionally accepted that renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs in older patients and the clear cell type is the most common histology. However, ethnic variations exist and this study was carried out to determine the epidemiological pattern of RCC in Oman. Ninety RCC patients who presented to a tertiary care center in the Sultanate of Oman from 2010 to 2014 were studied. The main findings were that the median age of presentation was low, more patients presented with localized stage, and there was a higher incidence of non-clear (especially papillary) histology. Data from other Gulf countries and possible reasons for the different profile are discussed.
27356693	19	54	Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0007134
27356693	58	62	Oman	T083	C0028971
27356693	98	118	renal cell carcinoma	T191	C0007134
27356693	120	123	RCC	T191	C0007134
27356693	135	149	older patients	T101	C0030705
27356693	158	173	clear cell type	T191	C0279702
27356693	193	202	histology	T091	C0019638
27356693	213	230	ethnic variations	T080	C0205419
27356693	246	251	study	T062	C2603343
27356693	285	308	epidemiological pattern	UnknownType	C0681682
27356693	312	315	RCC	T191	C0007134
27356693	319	323	Oman	T083	C0028971
27356693	332	335	RCC	T191	C0007134
27356693	336	344	patients	T101	C0030705
27356693	349	358	presented	T078	C0449450
27356693	364	384	tertiary care center	T073,T093	C0587437
27356693	392	409	Sultanate of Oman	T083	C0017446
27356693	433	440	studied	T062	C2603343
27356693	446	459	main findings	T033	C0243095
27356693	474	484	median age	T032	C0001779
27356693	488	500	presentation	T078	C0449450
27356693	505	508	low	T080	C0205251
27356693	515	523	patients	T101	C0030705
27356693	524	533	presented	T078	C0449450
27356693	539	548	localized	T082	C0392752
27356693	549	554	stage	T079	C1306673
27356693	592	601	non-clear	T191	C0007134
27356693	614	623	papillary	T191	C1306837
27356693	625	634	histology	T091	C0019638
27356693	636	640	Data	T078	C1511726
27356693	652	666	Gulf countries	T083	C0454664

27356936|t|" Bridge Proteins " Link Inflammation and Metabolic Diseases: Potential Targets for Therapeutics
27356936|a|Clinical observations support the postulate that chronic low - grade inflammation underlies metabolic diseases and inflammatory mediators can trigger some metabolic diseases. In disorder condition, what is the first one: metabolic diseases cause inflammation or conversely? This "chicken or egg" type question was hard to answer. However, instead of focusing on this difficult issue, we should ask another challenging question: what are the links between inflammation and metabolic diseases? Seizing the key from this chaos may be the best way to solve the problem and break the cycle. To answer this question, we review the regulators (such as NF-κB, PPARs, mTOR, and STAT3) that have important roles in both metabolism and inflammation. These " bridge proteins " that link metabolic diseases and inflammation not only increase our understanding of these two diseases, but also provide potential targets for therapeutics and practical clinical applications.
27356936	2	17	Bridge Proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27356936	25	37	Inflammation	T046	C0021368
27356936	42	60	Metabolic Diseases	T047	C0025517
27356936	72	79	Targets	T169	C1521840
27356936	84	96	Therapeutics	T169	C0302350
27356936	97	118	Clinical observations	T058	C3889687
27356936	146	153	chronic	T079	C0205191
27356936	154	157	low	T080	C0205251
27356936	160	165	grade	T185	C0441800
27356936	166	178	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27356936	189	207	metabolic diseases	T047	C0025517
27356936	212	234	inflammatory mediators	T121	C0243042
27356936	239	246	trigger	T080	C1444748
27356936	252	270	metabolic diseases	T047	C0025517
27356936	275	283	disorder	T047	C0012634
27356936	284	293	condition	T080	C0348080
27356936	318	336	metabolic diseases	T047	C0025517
27356936	343	355	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27356936	398	406	question	T170	C1522634
27356936	464	473	difficult	T080	C0332218
27356936	474	479	issue	T033	C0033213
27356936	515	523	question	T170	C1522634
27356936	538	543	links	T052	C2986575
27356936	552	564	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27356936	569	587	metabolic diseases	T047	C0025517
27356936	615	620	chaos	T033	C4049797
27356936	654	661	problem	T033	C0033213
27356936	698	706	question	T170	C1522634
27356936	722	732	regulators	T121,T129	C0005525
27356936	742	747	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27356936	749	754	PPARs	T116,T192	C0166418
27356936	756	760	mTOR	T116	C1254349
27356936	766	771	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27356936	807	817	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27356936	822	834	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27356936	844	859	bridge proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27356936	872	890	metabolic diseases	T047	C0025517
27356936	895	907	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27356936	917	925	increase	T169	C0442805
27356936	957	965	diseases	T047	C0012634
27356936	994	1001	targets	T169	C1521840
27356936	1006	1018	therapeutics	T169	C0302350
27356936	1033	1041	clinical	T080	C0205210
27356936	1042	1054	applications	T169	C0205245

27356972|t|Isolation of Cells Specialized in Anticancer Alkaloid Metabolism by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting
27356972|a|Plant specialized metabolism often presents a complex cell - specific compartmentation essential to accomplish the biosynthesis of valuable plant natural products. Hence, the disclosure and potential manipulation of such pathways may depend on the capacity to isolate and characterize specific cell types. Catharanthus roseus is the source of several medicinal terpenoid indole alkaloids, including the low-level anticancer vinblastine and vincristine, for which the late biosynthetic steps occur in specialized mesophyll cells called idioblasts. Here, the optical, fluorescence, and alkaloid - accumulating properties of C. roseus leaf idioblasts are characterized, and a methodology for the isolation of idioblast protoplasts by fluorescence-activated cell sorting is established, taking advantage of the distinctive autofluorescence of these cells. This achievement represents a crucial step for the development of differential omic strategies leading to the identification of candidate genes putatively involved in the biosynthesis, pathway regulation, and transmembrane transport leading to the anticancer alkaloids from C. roseus.
27356972	0	18	Isolation of Cells	T059	C0007616
27356972	19	30	Specialized	T077	C1704211
27356972	34	44	Anticancer	T109,T121	C0003392
27356972	45	64	Alkaloid Metabolism	T044	C1158456
27356972	68	103	Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting	T059	C0079366
27356972	104	109	Plant	T002	C0032098
27356972	110	121	specialized	T077	C1704211
27356972	122	132	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27356972	150	157	complex	T080	C0439855
27356972	158	162	cell	T025	C0007634
27356972	165	173	specific	T080	C0205369
27356972	174	190	compartmentation	T043	C0007583
27356972	219	231	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27356972	244	249	plant	T002	C0032098
27356972	250	266	natural products	T123	C1566558
27356972	304	316	manipulation	T169	C0392747
27356972	325	333	pathways	T077	C1705987
27356972	364	371	isolate	T059	C0220862
27356972	376	388	characterize	T052	C1880022
27356972	389	397	specific	T080	C0205369
27356972	398	408	cell types	T170	C0449475
27356972	410	429	Catharanthus roseus	T002	C0331124
27356972	455	464	medicinal	T121	C0013227
27356972	465	491	terpenoid indole alkaloids	T109,T123	C1449663
27356972	517	527	anticancer	T109,T121	C0003392
27356972	528	539	vinblastine	T109,T121,T123	C0042670
27356972	544	555	vincristine	T109,T121	C0042679
27356972	576	594	biosynthetic steps	T169	C0005572
27356972	604	615	specialized	T077	C1704211
27356972	616	631	mesophyll cells	T025	C2936408
27356972	639	649	idioblasts	T025	C3178867
27356972	661	668	optical	T090	C0029144
27356972	670	682	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27356972	688	696	alkaloid	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27356972	699	711	accumulating	T033	C4055506
27356972	726	735	C. roseus	T002	C0331124
27356972	736	740	leaf	T002	C0242724
27356972	741	751	idioblasts	T025	C3178867
27356972	756	769	characterized	T052	C1880022
27356972	777	788	methodology	T078	C3266812
27356972	797	806	isolation	T059	C0220862
27356972	810	819	idioblast	T025	C3178867
27356972	820	831	protoplasts	T025	C0033731
27356972	835	870	fluorescence-activated cell sorting	T059	C0079366
27356972	923	939	autofluorescence	T059	C0544711
27356972	949	954	cells	T025	C0007634
27356972	1035	1050	omic strategies	T062	C0035171
27356972	1066	1080	identification	T080	C0205396
27356972	1084	1099	candidate genes	T028	C0017337
27356972	1127	1139	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27356972	1141	1148	pathway	T077	C1705987
27356972	1149	1159	regulation	T038	C1327622
27356972	1165	1188	transmembrane transport	T043	C1519624
27356972	1204	1214	anticancer	T033	C0243095
27356972	1215	1224	alkaloids	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27356972	1230	1239	C. roseus	T002	C0331124

27357217|t|Interaction of the Antimicrobial Peptides Rhesus θ-Defensin and Porcine Protegrin-1 with Anionic Phospholipid Monolayers
27357217|a|A combination of Langmuir isotherm, Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), and neutron reflectivity studies have been performed to gain insight into the effects on model bacterial cell membranes of the antimicrobial peptides, Rhesus θ-defensin 1 (RTD-1), and porcine protegrin 1 (PG-1). The peptides were interacted with monolayers spread at the air - water interface and prepared from a 3:1 molar mixture of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol used to approximate the cell membranes of Gram positive bacteria. The Langmuir film balance measurements show that both peptides perturb the lipid monolayers causing an increase in surface pressure, and the BAM studies show that each results in the formation of small domains within the lipid films, around 5 μm diameter. The overall change in monolayer surface pressure caused by PG-1, however, is a little more pronounced than that due to RTD-1 (+8.5 mN·m(-1) vs +5.5 mN·m(-1)), and the rate of its initial interaction with the monolayer is a little more rapid than that for RTD-1. The neutron reflectivity studies also show differences for PG-1 and RTD-1, with the model fits to these data showing that the more amphiphilic PG-1 becomes fully embedded within the lipid film -causing an extension of the lipid acyl chains but leaving the thickness of the lipid headgroup layer unaffected-while RTD-1 is seen to insert less deeply-causing the same extension of the lipid acyl chains as PG-1 but also causing a significant increase in thickness of the lipid headgroup layer. The various differing effects of the two peptides on anionic lipid monolayers are discussed in the context of their differing hemolytic activities, and their proposed differing propensities to form transmembrane pores.
27357217	0	11	Interaction	T169	C1704675
27357217	19	41	Antimicrobial Peptides	T116,T121	C4084937
27357217	42	59	Rhesus θ-Defensin	T116,T121	C1450181
27357217	64	71	Porcine	T015	C3665571
27357217	72	83	Protegrin-1	T116,T121	C0300260
27357217	89	120	Anionic Phospholipid Monolayers	T109,T123	C0031676
27357217	138	155	Langmuir isotherm	T170	C0282574
27357217	157	182	Brewster angle microscopy	T059	C0026018
27357217	184	187	BAM	T059	C0026018
27357217	194	222	neutron reflectivity studies	T062	C0242481
27357217	279	284	model	T170	C0596899
27357217	285	309	bacterial cell membranes	T026	C0007603
27357217	317	339	antimicrobial peptides	T116,T121	C4084937
27357217	341	360	Rhesus θ-defensin 1	T116,T121	C1450181
27357217	362	367	RTD-1	T116,T121	C1450181
27357217	374	381	porcine	T015	C3665571
27357217	382	393	protegrin 1	T116,T121	C0300260
27357217	395	399	PG-1	T116,T121	C0300260
27357217	406	414	peptides	T116	C0030956
27357217	420	430	interacted	T169	C1704675
27357217	436	446	monolayers	T109,T123	C0031676
27357217	461	464	air	T167	C0001861
27357217	467	472	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27357217	524	548	phosphatidylethanolamine	T109,T121	C1450468
27357217	553	573	phosphatidylglycerol	T109,T123	C0031614
27357217	582	593	approximate	T080	C0332232
27357217	598	612	cell membranes	T026	C0007603
27357217	616	638	Gram positive bacteria	T007	C0018154
27357217	644	657	Langmuir film	T167	C1561572
27357217	666	678	measurements	T169	C0242485
27357217	694	702	peptides	T116	C0030956
27357217	703	710	perturb	T169	C0332453
27357217	715	731	lipid monolayers	T109,T123	C0031676
27357217	755	771	surface pressure	T070	C0004180
27357217	781	784	BAM	T059	C0026018
27357217	836	849	small domains	T087	C1514562
27357217	861	872	lipid films	T170	C0596899
27357217	918	927	monolayer	T109,T123	C0031676
27357217	928	944	surface pressure	T070	C0004180
27357217	955	959	PG-1	T116,T121	C0300260
27357217	1015	1020	RTD-1	T116,T121	C1450181
27357217	1083	1094	interaction	T169	C1704675
27357217	1104	1113	monolayer	T109,T123	C0031676
27357217	1151	1156	RTD-1	T116,T121	C1450181
27357217	1162	1190	neutron reflectivity studies	T075	C0026336
27357217	1217	1221	PG-1	T116,T121	C0300260
27357217	1226	1231	RTD-1	T116,T121	C1450181
27357217	1242	1247	model	T170	C0596899
27357217	1289	1300	amphiphilic	T121,T122	C0002671
27357217	1301	1305	PG-1	T116,T121	C0300260
27357217	1320	1328	embedded	T059	C1707903
27357217	1340	1350	lipid film	T170	C0596899
27357217	1380	1397	lipid acyl chains	T120	C1254355
27357217	1414	1423	thickness	T080	C1280412
27357217	1431	1452	lipid headgroup layer	T120	C1254355
27357217	1470	1475	RTD-1	T116,T121	C1450181
27357217	1540	1557	lipid acyl chains	T120	C1254355
27357217	1561	1565	PG-1	T116,T121	C0300260
27357217	1609	1618	thickness	T080	C1280412
27357217	1626	1647	lipid headgroup layer	T120	C1254355
27357217	1690	1698	peptides	T116	C0030956
27357217	1702	1726	anionic lipid monolayers	T109,T123	C0031676
27357217	1775	1795	hemolytic activities	T059	C0009542
27357217	1816	1838	differing propensities	T081	C2718044
27357217	1847	1860	transmembrane	T026	C1167322
27357217	1861	1866	pores	T026	C1325742

27357243|t|Lipidomic Signatures and Associated Transcriptomic Profiles of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
27357243|a|Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common histological type of adult kidney cancer. In this study, we obtained lipidomic profiles of clear cell RCC (ccRCC), a major RCC subtype, by performing a lipidomic analysis of specimens of cancerous tissue and the surrounding normal renal cortex obtained from the same patients (N = 49). We also compared the lipidomic profiles with the lipogenic transcriptome of specimens of cancerous tissue and the surrounding normal renal cortex for an additional set of patient samples (N = 95). Overall, we detected 326 lipids, including phospholipids, sphingolipids, neutral lipids, and eicosanoids. The levels of more than 70% of the detected lipids were significantly different (P < 0.01, corrected by the false discovery rate). The cancerous tissue was distinguished by higher levels of ether-type phospholipids, cholesterol esters, and triacylglycerols, as well as by lower levels of phospholipids (except for phosphatidylcholines) and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Characteristic changes in the levels of mRNAs and metabolites suggested that the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis pathway is suppressed in ccRCC and associated with cell proliferation. The present study represents the lipidomic profiles of ccRCC, which provides novel information about the metabolic changes in renal cancerous tissue and RCC pathophysiology.
27357243	0	20	Lipidomic Signatures	T059	C0850354
27357243	36	59	Transcriptomic Profiles	T081	C1956267
27357243	63	94	Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0279702
27357243	95	115	Renal cell carcinoma	T191	C0007134
27357243	117	121	RCC)	T191	C0007134
27357243	141	158	histological type	T201	C0449574
27357243	162	167	adult	T100	C0001675
27357243	168	181	kidney cancer	T191	C1378703
27357243	191	196	study	T062	C2603343
27357243	210	228	lipidomic profiles	T059	C0850354
27357243	232	246	clear cell RCC	T191	C0279702
27357243	248	253	ccRCC	T191	C0279702
27357243	264	267	RCC	T191	C0007134
27357243	268	275	subtype	T185	C0449560
27357243	293	311	lipidomic analysis	T059	C0850354
27357243	315	324	specimens	T167	C0370003
27357243	328	344	cancerous tissue	T191	C0027656
27357243	372	384	renal cortex	T023	C0022655
27357243	408	416	patients	T101	C0030705
27357243	448	466	lipidomic profiles	T059	C0850354
27357243	476	485	lipogenic	T169	C0205245
27357243	486	499	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27357243	503	512	specimens	T167	C0370003
27357243	516	532	cancerous tissue	T191	C0027656
27357243	560	572	renal cortex	T023	C0022655
27357243	598	605	patient	T101	C0030705
27357243	649	655	lipids	T109	C0023779
27357243	667	680	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27357243	682	695	sphingolipids	T109	C0037900
27357243	697	711	neutral lipids	T109	C0023779
27357243	717	728	eicosanoids	T109	C0013725
27357243	774	780	lipids	T109	C0023779
27357243	865	881	cancerous tissue	T191	C0027656
27357243	920	944	ether-type phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27357243	946	964	cholesterol esters	T109,T123	C0008387
27357243	970	986	triacylglycerols	T109,T123	C0041004
27357243	1018	1031	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27357243	1044	1064	phosphatidylcholines	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27357243	1070	1097	polyunsaturated fatty acids	T109,T123	C0032615
27357243	1139	1144	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27357243	1149	1160	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27357243	1180	1227	phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesis pathway	T044	C1156439
27357243	1231	1241	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27357243	1245	1250	ccRCC	T191	C0279702
27357243	1271	1289	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27357243	1303	1308	study	T062	C2603343
27357243	1324	1342	lipidomic profiles	T059	C0850354
27357243	1346	1351	ccRCC	T191	C0279702
27357243	1396	1405	metabolic	T040	C0025519
27357243	1406	1413	changes	T169	C0392747
27357243	1417	1422	renal	T023	C0022646
27357243	1423	1439	cancerous tissue	T191	C0027656
27357243	1444	1447	RCC	T191	C0007134
27357243	1448	1463	pathophysiology	T046	C0277785

27357394|t|Patient Mobility for Elective Secondary Health Care Services in Response to Patient Choice Policies: A Systematic Review
27357394|a|Our review establishes the empirical evidence for patient mobility for elective secondary care services in countries that allow patients to choose their health care provider. PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant articles between 1990 and 2015. Of 5,994 titles / abstracts reviewed, 26 studies were included. The studies used three main methodological models to establish mobility. Variation in the extent of patient mobility was observed across the studies. Mobility was positively associated with lower waiting times, indicators of better service quality, and access to advanced technology. It was negatively associated with advanced age or lower socioeconomic backgrounds. From a policy perspective we demonstrate that a significant proportion of patients are prepared to travel beyond their nearest provider for elective services. As a consequence, some providers are likely to be " winners " and others " losers ," which could result in overall decreased provider capacity or inefficient utilization of existing services. Equity also remains a key concern.
27357394	0	16	Patient Mobility	T061	C2094221
27357394	21	29	Elective	UnknownType	C0814500
27357394	30	60	Secondary Health Care Services	T058	C0018747
27357394	64	72	Response	T041	C2911692
27357394	76	99	Patient Choice Policies	T089	C0600591
27357394	103	120	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
27357394	148	157	empirical	T080	C1880496
27357394	158	166	evidence	T078	C3887511
27357394	171	187	patient mobility	T061	C2094221
27357394	192	224	elective secondary care services	T058	C3494402
27357394	228	237	countries	T083	C0454664
27357394	249	257	patients	T101	C0030705
27357394	274	294	health care provider	T097	C1999121
27357394	296	302	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27357394	307	313	Embase	T170	C0282574
27357394	341	349	articles	T170	C1706852
27357394	382	388	titles	T170	C1705823
27357394	391	400	abstracts	T170	C0600678
27357394	401	409	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27357394	414	421	studies	T062	C0008972
27357394	441	448	studies	T062	C0008972
27357394	465	479	methodological	T057	C0025662
27357394	480	486	models	T170	C3161035
27357394	500	508	mobility	T033	C0425245
27357394	510	519	Variation	T080	C0205419
27357394	537	553	patient mobility	T061	C2094221
27357394	587	595	Mobility	T033	C0425245
27357394	611	626	associated with	T080	C0332281
27357394	627	646	lower waiting times	T079	C0814636
27357394	648	658	indicators	T169	C1522602
27357394	662	684	better service quality	T058	C0034379
27357394	700	719	advanced technology	T092	C1510819
27357394	755	767	advanced age	T098	C0001792
27357394	777	790	socioeconomic	T077	C0748878
27357394	811	817	policy	T170	C0242456
27357394	818	829	perspective	T170	C0032670
27357394	864	874	proportion	T081	C1709707
27357394	878	886	patients	T101	C0030705
27357394	903	909	travel	T056	C0040802
27357394	931	939	provider	T097	C1999121
27357394	944	961	elective services	UnknownType	C0814500
27357394	986	995	providers	T097	C1999121
27357394	1015	1022	winners	T058	C0511302
27357394	1038	1044	losers	T033	C0243095
27357394	1078	1087	decreased	T081	C0205216
27357394	1088	1096	provider	T097	C1999121
27357394	1097	1105	capacity	T081	C1516240
27357394	1109	1120	inefficient	T169	C0231185
27357394	1145	1153	services	T058	C0018747
27357394	1155	1161	Equity	T080	C4042901

27357530|t|Bone - Albumin filling decreases donor site morbidity and enhances bone formation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone autografts
27357530|a|Donor site pain affects 32-43 % of patients after anterior cruciate ligament surgery when the autograft is freshly harvested bone-patellar tendon-bone tissue. Our aim was to compare functional and morphological differences between donor sites with and without serum albumin - coated bone allograft filling. After harvesting and implanting the graft, the tibia site was filled with either fresh autologous cancellous bone enhanced with albumin - coated allograft or autologous bone alone. The patella site was filled either with albumin - coated allograft or with blood clot. Knee function was evaluated by the VISA, Lysholm and IKDC scores and a visual analog scale of pain during standing, kneeling and crouching after six weeks and six months. Computed tomography was performed at six months for morphological evaluation. At six weeks, both groups were still recovering from surgery and the overall knee function was still impaired but the functional scores were significantly higher in the Bone - Albumin group. The pain with crouching and kneeling was also lower as compared to controls. At six months, the knee function scores were close to normal, with a slight decrease in the controls. Pain at kneeling was still prominent in the controls, but significantly lower in the Bone - Albumin group. Computed tomography showed significantly smaller bone defects and higher bone density in the Bone - Albumin group. Results from the present study indicate that donor site pain, a disturbing long-term side effect of bone-patellar tendon-bone surgery, is significantly reduced if bone buildup in the patella and the tibia is augmented by serum albumin - coated bone allografts.
27357530	0	4	Bone	T023	C0262950
27357530	7	14	Albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27357530	15	22	filling	T061	C0087111
27357530	23	32	decreases	T081	C0547047
27357530	33	43	donor site	T029	C1444716
27357530	44	53	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27357530	58	66	enhances	T052	C2349975
27357530	67	81	bone formation	T042	C0029433
27357530	88	114	anterior cruciate ligament	T023	C0078960
27357530	115	129	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27357530	135	160	bone-patellar tendon-bone	T024	C3658331
27357530	161	171	autografts	T122	C0559189
27357530	172	182	Donor site	T029	C1444716
27357530	183	187	pain	T184	C0030193
27357530	207	215	patients	T101	C0030705
27357530	222	248	anterior cruciate ligament	T023	C0078960
27357530	249	256	surgery	T091	C0038894
27357530	266	275	autograft	T122	C0559189
27357530	279	286	freshly	T080	C0443224
27357530	287	296	harvested	T058	C1512335
27357530	297	329	bone-patellar tendon-bone tissue	T024	C3658331
27357530	346	353	compare	T052	C1707455
27357530	354	364	functional	T169	C0205245
27357530	369	382	morphological	T082	C0543482
27357530	383	394	differences	T080	C1705242
27357530	403	414	donor sites	T029	C1444716
27357530	432	445	serum albumin	T116	C0036773
27357530	448	454	coated	T080	C1522408
27357530	455	459	bone	T023	C0262950
27357530	460	469	allograft	T122	C0450127
27357530	470	477	filling	T061	C0087111
27357530	485	495	harvesting	T058	C1512335
27357530	500	510	implanting	T061	C0021107
27357530	515	520	graft	T122	C0181074
27357530	526	531	tibia	T023	C0040184
27357530	532	536	site	T029	C1515974
27357530	560	565	fresh	T080	C0443224
27357530	566	576	autologous	T080	C0439859
27357530	577	592	cancellous bone	T024	C0222660
27357530	593	601	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27357530	607	614	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27357530	617	623	coated	T080	C1522408
27357530	624	633	allograft	T122	C0450127
27357530	637	647	autologous	T080	C0439859
27357530	648	652	bone	T023	C0262950
27357530	664	671	patella	T023	C0030647
27357530	672	676	site	T029	C1515974
27357530	700	707	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27357530	710	716	coated	T080	C1522408
27357530	710	716	coated	T080	C1522408
27357530	717	726	allograft	T122	C0450127
27357530	735	745	blood clot	T046	C0302148
27357530	747	751	Knee	T023	C0022742
27357530	752	760	function	T039	C0031843
27357530	765	774	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27357530	782	786	VISA	T201	C2960738
27357530	788	795	Lysholm	T170	C2200320
27357530	800	811	IKDC scores	T081	C0449820
27357530	818	845	visual analog scale of pain	T060	C0042815
27357530	853	861	standing	T082	C0231472
27357530	863	871	kneeling	T033	C1260920
27357530	876	885	crouching	T033	C0560489
27357530	896	901	weeks	T079	C0439230
27357530	910	916	months	T079	C0439231
27357530	918	937	Computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27357530	959	965	months	T079	C0439231
27357530	970	983	morphological	T082	C0543482
27357530	984	994	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27357530	1003	1008	weeks	T079	C0439230
27357530	1015	1021	groups	T078	C0441833
27357530	1033	1048	recovering from	T080	C0521108
27357530	1049	1056	surgery	T091	C0038894
27357530	1065	1072	overall	T080	C1561607
27357530	1073	1077	knee	T023	C0022742
27357530	1078	1086	function	T039	C0031843
27357530	1097	1105	impaired	T169	C0221099
27357530	1114	1124	functional	T169	C0205245
27357530	1125	1131	scores	T081	C0449820
27357530	1137	1157	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27357530	1165	1169	Bone	T023	C0262950
27357530	1172	1179	Albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27357530	1180	1185	group	T078	C0441833
27357530	1191	1195	pain	T184	C0030193
27357530	1201	1210	crouching	T033	C0560489
27357530	1215	1223	kneeling	T033	C1260920
27357530	1233	1238	lower	T052	C2003888
27357530	1242	1250	compared	T052	C1707455
27357530	1254	1262	controls	T096	C0009932
27357530	1271	1277	months	T079	C0439231
27357530	1283	1287	knee	T023	C0022742
27357530	1288	1296	function	T039	C0031843
27357530	1297	1303	scores	T081	C0449820
27357530	1318	1324	normal	T080	C0205307
27357530	1340	1348	decrease	T081	C0547047
27357530	1356	1364	controls	T096	C0009932
27357530	1366	1370	Pain	T184	C0030193
27357530	1374	1382	kneeling	T033	C1260920
27357530	1393	1402	prominent	T080	C0205402
27357530	1410	1418	controls	T096	C0009932
27357530	1424	1443	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27357530	1451	1455	Bone	T023	C0262950
27357530	1458	1465	Albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27357530	1466	1471	group	T078	C0441833
27357530	1473	1492	Computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27357530	1500	1513	significantly	T078	C0750502
27357530	1514	1521	smaller	T080	C0547044
27357530	1522	1526	bone	T023	C0262950
27357530	1527	1534	defects	T169	C1457869
27357530	1539	1545	higher	T080	C0205250
27357530	1546	1558	bone density	T201	C0005938
27357530	1566	1570	Bone	T023	C0262950
27357530	1573	1580	Albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27357530	1581	1586	group	T078	C0441833
27357530	1588	1595	Results	T034	C0456984
27357530	1613	1618	study	T062	C0008972
27357530	1619	1627	indicate	T078	C0392360
27357530	1633	1643	donor site	T029	C1444716
27357530	1644	1648	pain	T184	C0030193
27357530	1663	1672	long-term	T079	C0443252
27357530	1673	1684	side effect	T046	C0879626
27357530	1688	1713	bone-patellar tendon-bone	T024	C3658331
27357530	1714	1721	surgery	T091	C0038894
27357530	1726	1739	significantly	T078	C0750502
27357530	1740	1747	reduced	T080	C0392756
27357530	1751	1755	bone	T023	C0262950
27357530	1771	1778	patella	T023	C0030647
27357530	1787	1792	tibia	T023	C0040184
27357530	1809	1822	serum albumin	T116	C0036773
27357530	1825	1831	coated	T080	C1522408
27357530	1832	1836	bone	T023	C0262950
27357530	1837	1847	allografts	T122	C0450127

27357607|t|Development of chrysin loaded poloxamer micelles and toxicity evaluation in fish embryos
27357607|a|Poloxamer micelles promise safety and efficacy for many water insoluble drugs. Chrysin has been reported to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-aromatase activities but its water insoluble properties limit its pharmaceutical application. In the present study, chrysin loaded poloxamer micelles were developed. Two types of poloxamers, Pluronic F-68 and Pluronic F-127 were compared. It was found that chrysin loaded Pluronic F-68 micelles (CS-P68) and chrysin loaded Pluronic F-127 micelles (CS-P127) obviously increase the aqueous solubility of chrysin. The results also indicated that the type of polymer and ratio of drug to polymer affected size and desirable characteristics of the micelles. The micelle system of CS-P68 and CS-P127 formed at drug to polymer ratios of 1:4 and 1:2, respectively, was found to be the most suitable monodispersed system with a nanosize-range diameter. The in vivo study in zebrafish eggs indicates that the toxicity of CS-P68 and CS-P127 is a dose response. CS-P68 and CS-P127 at a drug dose of 10 ng/mL or less is safe for zebrafish embryo growth. The results of this study indicate enhanced water solubility of chrysin. Chrysin loaded poloxamer micelles are promising for further use in in vivo studies in mammalian animals and humans.
27357607	0	11	Development	T039	C0243107
27357607	15	22	chrysin	T109,T121	C0055661
27357607	30	39	poloxamer	T109,T122,T130	C0600615
27357607	53	61	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27357607	62	72	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27357607	76	80	fish	T013	C0016163
27357607	81	88	embryos	T018	C0013935
27357607	89	98	Poloxamer	T109,T122,T130	C0600615
27357607	99	107	micelles	T109	C0025938
27357607	99	107	micelles	T109	C0025938
27357607	116	122	safety	T068	C0036043
27357607	127	135	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27357607	145	150	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27357607	151	160	insoluble	T080	C0205556
27357607	161	166	drugs	T121	C0013227
27357607	168	175	Chrysin	T109,T121	C0055661
27357607	202	212	anticancer	T080	C2986475
27357607	214	231	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27357607	233	244	antioxidant	T039	C3179302
27357607	250	275	anti-aromatase activities	T044	C1148560
27357607	284	289	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27357607	290	299	insoluble	T080	C0205556
27357607	300	310	properties	T080	C0871161
27357607	321	347	pharmaceutical application	T091	C0039429
27357607	371	378	chrysin	T109,T121	C0055661
27357607	386	395	poloxamer	T109,T122,T130	C0600615
27357607	396	404	micelles	T109	C0025938
27357607	434	444	poloxamers	T109,T122,T130	C0600615
27357607	446	459	Pluronic F-68	T109	C0032254
27357607	464	478	Pluronic F-127	T109,T121	C0032253
27357607	512	519	chrysin	T109,T121	C0055661
27357607	527	540	Pluronic F-68	T109	C0032254
27357607	541	549	micelles	T109	C0025938
27357607	551	557	CS-P68	T109	C0025938
27357607	563	570	chrysin	T109,T121	C0055661
27357607	578	592	Pluronic F-127	T109,T121	C0032253
27357607	593	601	micelles	T109	C0025938
27357607	603	610	CS-P127	T109	C0025938
27357607	622	630	increase	T169	C0442805
27357607	635	642	aqueous	T080	C0599956
27357607	643	653	solubility	T080	C0037628
27357607	657	664	chrysin	T109,T121	C0055661
27357607	670	677	results	T169	C1274040
27357607	710	717	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27357607	731	735	drug	T121	C0013227
27357607	739	746	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27357607	756	760	size	T082	C0456389
27357607	775	790	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27357607	798	806	micelles	T109	C0025938
27357607	812	826	micelle system	T109	C0025938
27357607	830	836	CS-P68	T109	C0025938
27357607	841	848	CS-P127	T109	C0025938
27357607	859	863	drug	T121	C0013227
27357607	867	874	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27357607	875	881	ratios	T081	C0456603
27357607	974	997	nanosize-range diameter	T081	C1301886
27357607	1003	1016	in vivo study	T062	C0681829
27357607	1020	1029	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27357607	1030	1034	eggs	T025	C0029974
27357607	1054	1062	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27357607	1066	1072	CS-P68	T109	C0025938
27357607	1077	1084	CS-P127	T109	C0025938
27357607	1090	1103	dose response	T078	C1546996
27357607	1105	1111	CS-P68	T109	C0025938
27357607	1116	1123	CS-P127	T109	C0025938
27357607	1129	1138	drug dose	T081	C0678766
27357607	1154	1158	less	T080	C0547044
27357607	1171	1180	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27357607	1181	1187	embryo	T018	C0013935
27357607	1188	1194	growth	T040	C0018270
27357607	1216	1221	study	T062	C2603343
27357607	1231	1239	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27357607	1240	1256	water solubility	T081	C0597682
27357607	1260	1267	chrysin	T109,T121	C0055661
27357607	1269	1276	Chrysin	T109,T121	C0055661
27357607	1284	1293	poloxamer	T109,T122,T130	C0600615
27357607	1294	1302	micelles	T109	C0025938
27357607	1336	1351	in vivo studies	T062	C0681829
27357607	1355	1364	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27357607	1365	1372	animals	T008	C0003062
27357607	1377	1383	humans	T016	C0086418

27357626|t|Adenoviral Delivery of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-2 Enables Successful Adoptive Cell Therapy of Immunosuppressive Melanoma
27357626|a|Adoptive T-cell transfer is a promising treatment approach for metastatic cancer, but efficacy in solid tumors has only been achieved with toxic pre- and postconditioning regimens. Thus, adoptive T-cell therapies would benefit from complementary modalities that enable their full potential without excessive toxicity. We aimed to improve the efficacy and safety of adoptive T-cell transfer by using adenoviral vectors for direct delivery of immunomodulatory murine cytokines into B16.OVA melanoma tumors with concomitant T-cell receptor transgenic OT-I T-cell transfer. Armed adenoviruses expressed high local and low systemic levels of cytokine when injected into B16.OVA tumors, suggesting safety of virus-mediated cytokine delivery. Antitumor efficacy was significantly enhanced with adenoviruses coding for murine interleukin-2 (mIL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (mTNFα) when compared with T-cell transfer alone or viruses alone. Further improvement in efficacy was achieved with a triple combination of mIL-2, mTNFα, and OT-I T-cells. Mechanistic studies suggest that mIL-2 has an important role in activating T-cells at the tumor, while mTNFα induces chemokine expression. Furthermore, adenovirus treatments enhanced tumor - infiltration of OT-I T-cells as demonstrated by SPECT/CT imaging of (111)In-labeled cells. Our results suggest the utility of cytokine-coding adenoviruses for improving the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies.
27357626	0	10	Adenoviral	T005	C0001483
27357626	11	19	Delivery	T061	C0011209
27357626	23	46	Tumor Necrosis Factor-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27357626	51	64	Interleukin-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27357626	84	105	Adoptive Cell Therapy	T061	C0079613
27357626	109	126	Immunosuppressive	T121,T129	C0021081
27357626	127	135	Melanoma	T191	C0025202
27357626	136	160	Adoptive T-cell transfer	T061	C0376517
27357626	176	194	treatment approach	UnknownType	C0679624
27357626	199	216	metastatic cancer	T191	C0027627
27357626	222	230	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27357626	234	246	solid tumors	T191	C0280100
27357626	275	280	toxic	T080	C1407029
27357626	323	348	adoptive T-cell therapies	T061	C0079613
27357626	355	362	benefit	T081	C0814225
27357626	382	392	modalities	T078	C0695347
27357626	411	415	full	T080	C0443225
27357626	416	425	potential	T080	C3245505
27357626	434	443	excessive	T080	C0442802
27357626	444	452	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27357626	457	462	aimed	T078	C1947946
27357626	466	473	improve	T080	C1272745
27357626	478	486	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27357626	491	497	safety	T080	C0205556
27357626	501	525	adoptive T-cell transfer	T061	C0376517
27357626	535	553	adenoviral vectors	T114	C1510800
27357626	565	573	delivery	T169	C1705822
27357626	577	593	immunomodulatory	T061	C1963758
27357626	594	600	murine	T015	C0026809
27357626	601	610	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27357626	616	623	B16.OVA	T025	C0029974
27357626	624	639	melanoma tumors	T050,T191	C0004565
27357626	633	639	tumors	T191	C0027651
27357626	645	656	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27357626	657	672	T-cell receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
27357626	673	688	transgenic OT-I	T015	C0025936
27357626	673	704	transgenic OT-I T-cell transfer	T061	C0376517
27357626	712	724	adenoviruses	T005	C0001483
27357626	773	781	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27357626	787	795	injected	T169	C0449894
27357626	801	808	B16.OVA	T025	C0029974
27357626	809	815	tumors	T191	C0027651
27357626	828	834	safety	T080	C0205556
27357626	838	852	virus-mediated	T005	C0042776
27357626	838	870	virus-mediated cytokine delivery	T061	C0011209
27357626	853	861	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27357626	872	881	Antitumor	T080	C2986475
27357626	882	890	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27357626	909	917	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27357626	923	935	adenoviruses	T005	C0001483
27357626	947	953	murine	T015	C0026809
27357626	954	967	interleukin-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27357626	969	974	mIL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27357626	980	1003	tumor necrosis factor-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27357626	1005	1010	mTNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27357626	1031	1046	T-cell transfer	T061	C0376517
27357626	1056	1063	viruses	T005	C0042776
27357626	1079	1090	improvement	T077	C2986411
27357626	1094	1102	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27357626	1123	1129	triple	T081	C0205174
27357626	1130	1141	combination	T080	C0205195
27357626	1145	1150	mIL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27357626	1152	1157	mTNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27357626	1163	1175	OT-I T-cells	T025	C0039194
27357626	1177	1196	Mechanistic studies	T169	C0441712
27357626	1210	1215	mIL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27357626	1223	1232	important	T080	C3898777
27357626	1233	1237	role	T077	C1705810
27357626	1241	1251	activating	T052	C1879547
27357626	1252	1259	T-cells	T025	C0039194
27357626	1267	1272	tumor	T191	C0027651
27357626	1280	1285	mTNFα	T116,T129	C0041368
27357626	1294	1303	chemokine	T116,T129	C0282554
27357626	1304	1314	expression	T045	C1171362
27357626	1329	1339	adenovirus	T005	C0001483
27357626	1340	1350	treatments	T061	C0087111
27357626	1351	1359	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27357626	1360	1365	tumor	T191	C0027651
27357626	1384	1396	OT-I T-cells	T025	C0039194
27357626	1400	1412	demonstrated	T052	C3687625
27357626	1416	1432	SPECT/CT imaging	T060	C3472245
27357626	1436	1457	(111)In-labeled cells	T025	C0007634
27357626	1463	1470	results	T169	C1274040
27357626	1471	1478	suggest	T078	C1705535
27357626	1494	1509	cytokine-coding	T116,T129	C0079189
27357626	1510	1522	adenoviruses	T005	C0001483
27357626	1527	1536	improving	T080	C1272745
27357626	1541	1549	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27357626	1553	1578	adoptive T-cell therapies	T061	C0079613

27358525|t|New Breast Pain Chart for Objective Record of Mastalgia
27358525|a|Mastalgia is the commonest affliction of mammary gland among ladies of the reproductive age group. Since etiopathogenesis and therapy are different for cyclical and noncyclical pain, it is imperative to ascertain the exact type correctly. This is usually done in the breast clinics by advising the patient to fill a pain diary over a period of 2 months over two menstrual cycles. The Cardiff pain chart records the severity of pain in the form of a triangle for mild to moderate pain and a square for severe pain. Moreover, Cardiff pain chart does not allow a patient to record the severity of pain on days of menses, as she has to put the letter "P" in the box. These problems have been resolved in the new breast pain chart. In the new pain chart, the lady records pain severity in the form of visual linear analogue scale score on every day of menstrual cycle. She enters her menstrual experience on a separate part of chart, which allows us to visualize the full month's pain severity in an uncluttered way.
27358525	0	3	New	T080	C0205314
27358525	4	15	Breast Pain	T184	C0024902
27358525	16	21	Chart	T074	C0007963
27358525	26	42	Objective Record	T170	C0034869
27358525	46	55	Mastalgia	T184	C0024902
27358525	56	65	Mastalgia	T184	C0024902
27358525	73	82	commonest	T081	C0205214
27358525	83	93	affliction	T041	C0018235
27358525	97	110	mammary gland	T023	C0929301
27358525	117	123	ladies	T098	C0043210
27358525	131	143	reproductive	T079	C0035156
27358525	144	153	age group	T100	C0027362
27358525	161	177	etiopathogenesis	T169	C1510540
27358525	182	189	therapy	T061	C0087111
27358525	194	203	different	T080	C1705242
27358525	208	216	cyclical	T184	C0405472
27358525	221	237	noncyclical pain	T184	C0405473
27358525	323	337	breast clinics	T073,T093	C3810844
27358525	354	361	patient	T101	C0030705
27358525	372	382	pain diary	T170	C0451366
27358525	390	396	period	T079	C1948053
27358525	402	408	months	T079	C0439231
27358525	418	434	menstrual cycles	T040	C0025329
27358525	440	466	Cardiff pain chart records	T074	C0007963
27358525	471	479	severity	T080	C0439793
27358525	483	487	pain	T184	C0030193
27358525	505	513	triangle	T077	C0205119
27358525	518	522	mild	T080	C2945599
27358525	526	539	moderate pain	T184	C0278139
27358525	546	552	square	T082	C0205120
27358525	557	568	severe pain	T033	C0278140
27358525	580	598	Cardiff pain chart	T074	C0007963
27358525	616	623	patient	T101	C0030705
27358525	627	633	record	T080	C2355580
27358525	638	646	severity	T080	C0439793
27358525	650	654	pain	T184	C0030193
27358525	658	662	days	T079	C0439228
27358525	666	672	menses	T040	C0025344
27358525	725	733	problems	T033	C0033213
27358525	744	752	resolved	T077	C2699488
27358525	760	763	new	T080	C0205314
27358525	764	775	breast pain	T184	C0024902
27358525	776	781	chart	T074	C0007963
27358525	790	793	new	T080	C0205314
27358525	794	804	pain chart	T074	C0007963
27358525	810	814	lady	T098	C0043210
27358525	815	822	records	T080	C2355580
27358525	823	827	pain	T184	C0030193
27358525	828	836	severity	T080	C0439793
27358525	852	886	visual linear analogue scale score	T201	C2960751
27358525	890	899	every day	T079	C0332173
27358525	903	918	menstrual cycle	T040	C0025329
27358525	935	944	menstrual	T040	C0025329
27358525	945	955	experience	T041	C0596545
27358525	978	983	chart	T074	C0007963
27358525	1004	1013	visualize	T082	C0449911
27358525	1023	1030	month's	T079	C0439231
27358525	1031	1035	pain	T184	C0030193
27358525	1036	1044	severity	T080	C0439793

27358560|t|Graphene oxide / multi-walled carbon nanotubes as nanofeatured scaffolds for the assisted deposition of nanohydroxyapatite: characterization and biological evaluation
27358560|a|Nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) is an emergent bioceramic that shows similar chemical and crystallographic properties as the mineral phase present in bone. However, nHAp presents low fracture toughness and tensile strength, limiting its application in bone tissue engineering. Conversely, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been widely used for composite applications due to their excellent mechanical and physicochemical properties, although their hydrophobicity usually impairs some applications. To improve MWCNT wettability, oxygen plasma etching has been applied to promote MWCNT exfoliation and oxidation and to produce graphene oxide (GO) at the end of the tips. Here, we prepared a series of nHAp / MWCNT - GO nanocomposites aimed at producing materials that combine similar bone characteristics (nHAp) with high mechanical strength (MWCNT - GO). After MWCNT production and functionalization to produce MWCNT - GO, ultrasonic irradiation was employed to precipitate nHAp onto the MWCNT - GO scaffolds (at 1-3 wt%). We employed various techniques to characterize the nanocomposites, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and gas adsorption (the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method). We used simulated body fluid to evaluate their bioactivity and human osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) to evaluate cytocompatibility. We also investigated their bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. TEM analysis revealed homogeneous distributions of nHAp crystal grains along the MWCNT - GO surfaces. All nanocomposites were proved to be bioactive, since carbonated nHAp was found after 21 days in simulated body fluid. All nanocomposites showed potential for biomedical applications with no cytotoxicity toward osteoblasts and impressively demonstrated a bactericidal effect without the use of antibiotics. All of the aforementioned properties make these materials very attractive for bone tissue engineering applications, either as a matrix or as a reinforcement material for numerous polymeric nanocomposites.
27358560	0	14	Graphene oxide	T196	C2936695
27358560	17	46	multi-walled carbon nanotubes	T104	C1138408
27358560	50	72	nanofeatured scaffolds	T073	C0337143
27358560	81	89	assisted	T080	C1269765
27358560	90	100	deposition	T169	C0333562
27358560	104	122	nanohydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27358560	124	140	characterization	T052	C1880022
27358560	145	155	biological	T080	C0205460
27358560	156	166	evaluation	T078	C1550157
27358560	167	185	Nanohydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27358560	187	191	nHAp	T197	C0020326
27358560	199	207	emergent	T078	C0750573
27358560	208	218	bioceramic	T122	C0005479
27358560	238	246	chemical	T070	C0243178
27358560	251	278	crystallographic properties	T080	C0871161
27358560	286	293	mineral	T197	C0026162
27358560	294	299	phase	T079	C0205390
27358560	300	307	present	T033	C0150312
27358560	311	315	bone	T023	C0262950
27358560	326	330	nHAp	T197	C0020326
27358560	331	339	presents	T033	C0150312
27358560	344	352	fracture	T037	C0016658
27358560	353	362	toughness	T080	C0205556
27358560	367	383	tensile strength	T081	C0039526
27358560	385	393	limiting	T169	C0439801
27358560	398	409	application	T080	C0205556
27358560	413	424	bone tissue	T024	C0391978
27358560	425	436	engineering	T061	C0596171
27358560	450	479	multi-walled carbon nanotubes	T104	C1138408
27358560	481	487	MWCNTs	T104	C1138408
27358560	506	510	used	T033	C1273517
27358560	515	524	composite	T080	C0205199
27358560	525	537	applications	T080	C0205556
27358560	551	560	excellent	T080	C1961136
27358560	561	571	mechanical	T070	C1254365
27358560	576	591	physicochemical	T070	C2350461
27358560	592	602	properties	T080	C0871161
27358560	619	633	hydrophobicity	T080	C0598629
27358560	642	649	impairs	T169	C0221099
27358560	655	667	applications	T080	C0205556
27358560	680	685	MWCNT	T104	C1138408
27358560	686	697	wettability	T080	C0162598
27358560	699	720	oxygen plasma etching	T067	C1522240
27358560	730	737	applied	T169	C4048755
27358560	741	748	promote	T052	C0033414
27358560	749	754	MWCNT	T104	C1138408
27358560	755	766	exfoliation	T067	C1522240
27358560	771	780	oxidation	T044	C0030011
27358560	796	810	graphene oxide	T196	C2936695
27358560	812	814	GO	T196	C2936695
27358560	849	857	prepared	T033	C4082130
27358560	870	874	nHAp	T197	C0020326
27358560	877	882	MWCNT	T104	C1138408
27358560	885	887	GO	T196	C2936695
27358560	888	902	nanocomposites	T073	C1721059
27358560	903	908	aimed	T078	C1947946
27358560	922	931	materials	T167	C0520510
27358560	953	957	bone	T023	C0262950
27358560	958	973	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27358560	975	979	nHAp	T197	C0020326
27358560	991	1010	mechanical strength	T078	C0808080
27358560	1012	1017	MWCNT	T104	C1138408
27358560	1020	1022	GO	T196	C2936695
27358560	1031	1036	MWCNT	T104	C1138408
27358560	1037	1047	production	T057	C0033268
27358560	1052	1069	functionalization	T169	C0205245
27358560	1081	1086	MWCNT	T104	C1138408
27358560	1089	1091	GO	T196	C2936695
27358560	1093	1103	ultrasonic	T169	C0220934
27358560	1104	1115	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27358560	1120	1128	employed	T033	C0557351
27358560	1132	1143	precipitate	T169	C0205245
27358560	1144	1148	nHAp	T197	C0020326
27358560	1158	1163	MWCNT	T104	C1138408
27358560	1166	1168	GO	T196	C2936695
27358560	1169	1178	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
27358560	1196	1204	employed	T033	C0557351
27358560	1213	1223	techniques	T169	C0449851
27358560	1227	1239	characterize	T052	C1880022
27358560	1244	1258	nanocomposites	T073	C1721059
27358560	1270	1302	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
27358560	1304	1307	TEM	T059	C0678118
27358560	1310	1328	Raman spectroscopy	T059	C0037815
27358560	1330	1346	thermogravimetry	T059	C0039813
27358560	1352	1366	gas adsorption	T059	C0001674
27358560	1372	1401	Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method	T059	C0022885
27358560	1412	1421	simulated	T062	C0679083
27358560	1422	1432	body fluid	T031	C0005889
27358560	1436	1444	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27358560	1451	1462	bioactivity	T052	C0441655
27358560	1467	1472	human	T016	C0086418
27358560	1473	1484	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27358560	1486	1504	bone-forming cells	T025	C0029418
27358560	1509	1517	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27358560	1518	1535	cytocompatibility	T033	C0243095
27358560	1545	1557	investigated	T169	C1292732
27358560	1564	1576	bactericidal	T195	C0004635
27358560	1577	1583	effect	T080	C1280500
27358560	1592	1613	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27358560	1618	1634	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27358560	1636	1639	TEM	T059	C0678118
27358560	1640	1648	analysis	T062	C0936012
27358560	1658	1669	homogeneous	T080	C1881065
27358560	1670	1683	distributions	T169	C1704711
27358560	1687	1706	nHAp crystal grains	T197	C0020326
27358560	1717	1722	MWCNT	T104	C1138408
27358560	1725	1727	GO	T196	C2936695
27358560	1728	1736	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27358560	1742	1756	nanocomposites	T073	C1721059
27358560	1775	1784	bioactive	T167	C3714412
27358560	1792	1807	carbonated nHAp	T197	C0020326
27358560	1812	1817	found	T033	C0150312
27358560	1827	1831	days	T079	C0439228
27358560	1835	1844	simulated	T062	C0679083
27358560	1845	1855	body fluid	T031	C0005889
27358560	1861	1875	nanocomposites	T073	C1721059
27358560	1883	1892	potential	T080	C3245505
27358560	1897	1907	biomedical	T122	C0005479
27358560	1908	1920	applications	T080	C0205556
27358560	1929	1941	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27358560	1949	1960	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27358560	1993	2005	bactericidal	T195	C0004635
27358560	2006	2012	effect	T080	C1280500
27358560	2032	2043	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27358560	2071	2081	properties	T080	C0871161
27358560	2093	2102	materials	T167	C0520510
27358560	2108	2118	attractive	T080	C2346874
27358560	2123	2159	bone tissue engineering applications	T061	C0596171
27358560	2173	2179	matrix	T024	C0005962
27358560	2188	2210	reinforcement material	T122	C0005479
27358560	2215	2223	numerous	T081	C0439064
27358560	2224	2233	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27358560	2234	2248	nanocomposites	T073	C1721059

27358636|t|Diagnostic value of diffusion weighted MRI and ADC in differential diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma of the liver
27358636|a|To investigate the use of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the diagnosis of hemangioma. The study population consisted of 72 patients with liver masses larger than 1 cm (72 focal lesions). DWI examination with a b value of 600 s/mm2 was carried out for all patients. After DWI examination, an ADC map was created and ADC values were measured for 72 liver masses and normal liver tissue (control group). The average ADC values of normal liver tissue and focal liver lesions, the " cut-off " ADC values, and the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the ADC map in diagnosing hemangioma, benign and malignant lesions were researched. Of the 72 liver masses, 51 were benign and 21 were malignant. Benign lesions comprised 38 hemangiomas and 13 simple cysts. Malignant lesions comprised 9 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 12 metastases. The highest ADC values were measured for cysts (3.782±0.53×10(-3) mm(2)/s) and hemangiomas (2.705±0.63×10(-3) mm(2)/s). The average ADC value of hemangiomas was significantly higher than malignant lesions and the normal control group (p<0.001). The average ADC value of cysts were significantly higher when compared to hemangiomas and normal control group (p<0.001). To distinguish hemangiomas from malignant liver lesions, the " cut-off " ADC value of 1.800×10(-3) mm(2)/s had a sensitivity of 97.4% and a specificity of 90.9%. To distinguish hemangioma from normal liver parenchyma the " cut-off" value of 1.858×10(-3) mm(2)/s had a sensitivity of 97.4% and a specificity of 95.7%. To distinguish benign liver lesions from malignant liver lesions the " cut-off" value of 1.800×10(-3) mm(2)/s had a sensitivity of 96.1% and a specificity of 90.0%. DWI and quantitative measurement of ADC values can be used in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant liver lesions and also in the diagnosis and differentiation of hemangiomas. When dynamic examination cannot distinguish cases with vascular metastasis and lesions from hemangioma, DWI and ADC values can be useful in the primary diagnosis and differential diagnosis. The technique does not require contrast material, so it can safely be used in patients with renal failure.
27358636	0	16	Diagnostic value	T169	C0348026
27358636	20	42	diffusion weighted MRI	T060	C0598801
27358636	47	50	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	54	76	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27358636	80	100	cavernous hemangioma	T191	C0018920
27358636	108	113	liver	T023	C0023884
27358636	117	128	investigate	T169	C1292732
27358636	133	139	use of	T169	C1524063
27358636	140	185	diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0598801
27358636	187	190	DWI	T060	C0598801
27358636	200	230	apparent diffusion coefficient	T077	C3890194
27358636	232	235	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	237	243	values	T081	C1522609
27358636	251	260	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27358636	264	274	hemangioma	T191	C0018916
27358636	280	296	study population	T098	C2348561
27358636	313	321	patients	T101	C0030705
27358636	327	339	liver masses	T047	C0240225
27358636	361	374	focal lesions	T033	C0221198
27358636	377	380	DWI	T060	C0598801
27358636	381	392	examination	T058	C0582103
27358636	445	453	patients	T101	C0030705
27358636	461	464	DWI	T060	C0598801
27358636	465	476	examination	T058	C0582103
27358636	481	484	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	505	508	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	509	515	values	T081	C1522609
27358636	537	549	liver masses	T047	C0240225
27358636	554	560	normal	T080	C0205307
27358636	561	573	liver tissue	T023	C0736268
27358636	575	588	control group	T096	C0009932
27358636	595	602	average	T081	C1510992
27358636	603	606	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	607	613	values	T081	C1522609
27358636	617	623	normal	T080	C0205307
27358636	624	636	liver tissue	T023	C0736268
27358636	641	660	focal liver lesions	T033	C0577053
27358636	668	675	cut-off	T081	C1522609
27358636	678	681	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	682	688	values	T081	C1522609
27358636	698	720	diagnostic sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27358636	725	736	specificity	T081	C1511884
27358636	744	747	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	755	765	diagnosing	T062	C1704656
27358636	766	776	hemangioma	T191	C0018916
27358636	778	784	benign	T080	C0205183
27358636	789	798	malignant	T080	C0205282
27358636	799	806	lesions	T033	C0221198
27358636	834	846	liver masses	T047	C0240225
27358636	856	862	benign	T080	C0205183
27358636	875	884	malignant	T080	C0205282
27358636	886	892	Benign	T080	C0205183
27358636	893	900	lesions	T033	C0221198
27358636	914	925	hemangiomas	T191	C0018916
27358636	933	945	simple cysts	T190	C0037157
27358636	947	956	Malignant	T080	C0205282
27358636	957	964	lesions	T033	C0221198
27358636	977	1002	hepatocellular carcinomas	T191	C2239176
27358636	1011	1021	metastases	T191	C0027627
27358636	1035	1038	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	1039	1045	values	T081	C1522609
27358636	1064	1069	cysts	T047	C0010709
27358636	1102	1113	hemangiomas	T191	C0018916
27358636	1147	1154	average	T081	C1510992
27358636	1155	1158	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	1159	1164	value	T081	C1522609
27358636	1168	1179	hemangiomas	T191	C0018916
27358636	1184	1204	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27358636	1210	1219	malignant	T080	C0205282
27358636	1220	1227	lesions	T033	C0221198
27358636	1236	1256	normal control group	T096	C0009932
27358636	1272	1279	average	T081	C1510992
27358636	1280	1283	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	1284	1289	value	T081	C1522609
27358636	1293	1298	cysts	T047	C0010709
27358636	1304	1324	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27358636	1342	1353	hemangiomas	T191	C0018916
27358636	1358	1378	normal control group	T096	C0009932
27358636	1405	1416	hemangiomas	T191	C0018916
27358636	1422	1431	malignant	T080	C0205282
27358636	1432	1445	liver lesions	T033	C0577053
27358636	1453	1460	cut-off	T081	C1522609
27358636	1463	1466	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	1467	1472	value	T081	C1522609
27358636	1503	1514	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27358636	1530	1541	specificity	T081	C1511884
27358636	1567	1577	hemangioma	T191	C0018916
27358636	1583	1589	normal	T080	C0205307
27358636	1590	1606	liver parenchyma	T023	C0736268
27358636	1613	1627	cut-off" value	T081	C1522609
27358636	1658	1669	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27358636	1685	1696	specificity	T081	C1511884
27358636	1722	1728	benign	T080	C0205183
27358636	1729	1742	liver lesions	T033	C0577053
27358636	1748	1757	malignant	T080	C0205282
27358636	1758	1771	liver lesions	T033	C0577053
27358636	1778	1792	cut-off" value	T081	C1522609
27358636	1823	1834	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27358636	1850	1861	specificity	T081	C1511884
27358636	1872	1875	DWI	T060	C0598801
27358636	1880	1904	quantitative measurement	T081	C0034384
27358636	1908	1911	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	1912	1918	values	T081	C1522609
27358636	1934	1956	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27358636	1960	1966	benign	T080	C0205183
27358636	1971	1980	malignant	T080	C0205282
27358636	1981	1994	liver lesions	T033	C0577053
27358636	2011	2020	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27358636	2025	2040	differentiation	T169	C2945687
27358636	2044	2055	hemangiomas	T191	C0018916
27358636	2062	2081	dynamic examination	T058	C0582103
27358636	2101	2106	cases	T077	C1706256
27358636	2112	2131	vascular metastasis	T191	C0027627
27358636	2136	2143	lesions	T033	C0221198
27358636	2149	2159	hemangioma	T191	C0018916
27358636	2161	2164	DWI	T060	C0598801
27358636	2169	2172	ADC	T077	C3890194
27358636	2173	2179	values	T081	C1522609
27358636	2201	2218	primary diagnosis	T080	C0332137
27358636	2223	2245	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27358636	2251	2260	technique	T169	C0449851
27358636	2278	2295	contrast material	T130	C0009924
27358636	2325	2333	patients	T101	C0030705
27358636	2339	2352	renal failure	T047	C0035078

27358905|t|The Demand for Cigarettes in Tanzania and Implications for Tobacco Taxation Policy
27358905|a|The study attempts to estimate the demand for cigarettes in Tanzania and presents simulation results on the effect of the cigarette excise tax on smoking participation, government revenue, and related topics. After briefly summarizing the magnitude and spread of cigarette consumption in the country, the paper reviews some empirical estimates from African and other countries. The 2008 Tanzanian household budget survey was used to estimate the demand for cigarettes in Tanzania. The descriptive statistics suggest that the smoking prevalence for Tanzania is 15.35 percent with low variability across expenditure (income) groups. Smoking intensity and per capita consumption were estimated at 7.08 cigarettes and 1.33 cigarettes, respectively, a relatively low value. A two-part demand equation model was used to estimate various elasticities. For the overall equation, the price elasticities of smoking participation, smoking intensity, and total elasticity were estimated at -0.879, -0.853, and -1.732, respectively. Compared to similar results in other developing countries, the estimates appear quite high. When estimated by expenditure (income) groups, the magnitude of the elasticity appears higher among high expenditure groups than among low expenditure groups. Two simulation exercises were undertaken. First, the effect of different excise rates on smoking participation rate, cigarette consumption, tax revenue, and related responses was estimated and highlighted. Second, the same exercise was undertaken to determine the effect of a given increase in the cigarette excise tax on various expenditure groups. The overall results suggest that an increase in the excise tax on cigarettes in Tanzania would reduce cigarette consumption and increase government tax revenue.
27358905	15	25	Cigarettes	T073	C0677453
27358905	29	37	Tanzania	T083	C0039298
27358905	42	54	Implications	UnknownType	C0814846
27358905	59	66	Tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
27358905	67	82	Taxation Policy	UnknownType	C0681007
27358905	87	92	study	T062	C2603343
27358905	129	139	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
27358905	143	151	Tanzania	T083	C0039298
27358905	165	175	simulation	T062	C0679083
27358905	176	183	results	T169	C1274040
27358905	191	197	effect	T080	C1280500
27358905	205	214	cigarette	T073	C0677453
27358905	215	225	excise tax	UnknownType	C0681045
27358905	229	236	smoking	T055	C0037369
27358905	237	250	participation	T169	C0679823
27358905	252	270	government revenue	UnknownType	C0681043
27358905	322	331	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27358905	346	367	cigarette consumption	T033	C0459840
27358905	375	382	country	T083	C0454664
27358905	432	439	African	T083	C0454695
27358905	450	459	countries	T083	C0454664
27358905	470	479	Tanzanian	T083	C0039298
27358905	480	496	household budget	T170	C0006347
27358905	497	503	survey	T170	C0038951
27358905	540	550	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
27358905	554	562	Tanzania	T083	C0039298
27358905	608	615	smoking	T055	C0037369
27358905	631	639	Tanzania	T083	C0039298
27358905	685	712	expenditure (income) groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27358905	714	721	Smoking	T055	C0037369
27358905	736	758	per capita consumption	UnknownType	C0681013
27358905	782	792	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
27358905	802	812	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
27358905	854	884	two-part demand equation model	T170	C3161035
27358905	914	926	elasticities	UnknownType	C0680960
27358905	944	952	equation	T077	C0552449
27358905	958	976	price elasticities	UnknownType	C0814751
27358905	980	987	smoking	T055	C0037369
27358905	988	1001	participation	T169	C0679823
27358905	1003	1010	smoking	T055	C0037369
27358905	1032	1042	elasticity	UnknownType	C0680960
27358905	1140	1160	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27358905	1213	1240	expenditure (income) groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27358905	1246	1255	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27358905	1263	1273	elasticity	UnknownType	C0680960
27358905	1295	1318	high expenditure groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27358905	1330	1352	low expenditure groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27358905	1358	1368	simulation	T062	C0679083
27358905	1407	1413	effect	T080	C1280500
27358905	1427	1433	excise	UnknownType	C0681045
27358905	1434	1439	rates	T081	C1521828
27358905	1443	1450	smoking	T055	C0037369
27358905	1451	1469	participation rate	T081	C1521828
27358905	1471	1492	cigarette consumption	T033	C0459840
27358905	1494	1505	tax revenue	UnknownType	C0681043
27358905	1618	1624	effect	T080	C1280500
27358905	1636	1644	increase	T169	C0442805
27358905	1652	1661	cigarette	T073	C0677453
27358905	1662	1672	excise tax	UnknownType	C0681045
27358905	1684	1702	expenditure groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27358905	1716	1723	results	T169	C1274040
27358905	1740	1748	increase	T169	C0442805
27358905	1756	1766	excise tax	UnknownType	C0681045
27358905	1770	1780	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
27358905	1784	1792	Tanzania	T083	C0039298
27358905	1806	1827	cigarette consumption	T033	C0459840
27358905	1832	1840	increase	T169	C0442805
27358905	1841	1863	government tax revenue	UnknownType	C0681043

27359086|t|Functional Analysis of a Bacterial Antifreeze Protein Indicates a Cooperative Effect between Its Two Ice-Binding Domains
27359086|a|Antifreeze proteins make up a class of ice-binding proteins (IBPs) that are possessed and expressed by certain cold - adapted organisms to enhance their freezing tolerance. Here we report the biophysical and functional characterization of an IBP discovered in a bacterium recovered from a deep glacial ice core drilled at Vostok Station, Antarctica (IBPv). Our study showed that the recombinant protein rIBPv exhibited a thermal hysteresis of 2 °C at concentrations of >50 μM, effectively inhibited ice recrystallization, and enhanced bacterial viability during freeze-thaw cycling. Circular dichroism scans indicated that rIBPv mainly consists of β strands, and its denaturing temperature was 53.5 °C. Multiple-sequence alignment of homologous IBPs predicted that IBPv contains two ice-binding domains, a feature unique among known IBPs. To examine functional differences between the IBPv domains, each domain was cloned, expressed, and purified. The second domain (domain B) expressed greater ice binding activity. Data from thermal hysteresis and gel filtration assays supported the idea that the two domains cooperate to achieve a higher ice binding effect by forming heterodimers. However, physical linkage of the domains was not required for this effect.
27359086	0	10	Functional	T169	C0205245
27359086	11	19	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27359086	25	34	Bacterial	T007	C0004611
27359086	35	53	Antifreeze Protein	T116,T123	C0103575
27359086	66	77	Cooperative	T033	C0243095
27359086	78	84	Effect	T080	C1280500
27359086	101	112	Ice-Binding	T044	C1323394
27359086	113	120	Domains	T087	C1514562
27359086	121	140	Antifreeze proteins	T116,T123	C0103575
27359086	160	180	ice-binding proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27359086	182	186	IBPs	T116,T123	C0033684
27359086	211	220	expressed	T045	C1171362
27359086	232	236	cold	T070	C0009267
27359086	239	246	adapted	T040	C0001400
27359086	247	256	organisms	T001	C0029235
27359086	260	267	enhance	T052	C2349975
27359086	274	292	freezing tolerance	T038	C1326875
27359086	313	324	biophysical	T038	C1511162
27359086	329	339	functional	T169	C0205245
27359086	340	356	characterization	T052	C1880022
27359086	363	366	IBP	T116,T123	C0033684
27359086	383	392	bacterium	T007	C0004611
27359086	410	414	deep	T082	C0205125
27359086	415	422	glacial	T070	C1449600
27359086	423	431	ice core	T197	C0020746
27359086	443	469	Vostok Station, Antarctica	T083	C0454691
27359086	471	475	IBPv	T116,T123	C0033684
27359086	482	487	study	T062	C2603343
27359086	504	523	recombinant protein	T116	C0034861
27359086	524	529	rIBPv	T116	C0034861
27359086	542	549	thermal	T070	C0018837
27359086	550	560	hysteresis	T033	C0243095
27359086	572	586	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27359086	610	619	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27359086	620	623	ice	T197	C0020746
27359086	624	641	recrystallization	T070	C0010423
27359086	647	655	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27359086	656	675	bacterial viability	T070	C1563772
27359086	683	702	freeze-thaw cycling	T070	C2718051
27359086	704	728	Circular dichroism scans	T059	C0008813
27359086	744	749	rIBPv	T116	C0034861
27359086	769	778	β strands	T082	C0600383
27359086	788	798	denaturing	T044	C0301642
27359086	799	810	temperature	T081	C0039476
27359086	824	851	Multiple-sequence alignment	T063	C0080143
27359086	855	870	homologous IBPs	T116	C1512488
27359086	886	890	IBPv	T116,T123	C0033684
27359086	904	915	ice-binding	T044	C1323394
27359086	904	923	ice-binding domains	T087	C1514562
27359086	935	941	unique	T080	C1710548
27359086	954	958	IBPs	T116,T123	C0033684
27359086	971	981	functional	T169	C0205245
27359086	1006	1018	IBPv domains	T087	C1514562
27359086	1025	1031	domain	T087	C1514562
27359086	1036	1042	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
27359086	1044	1053	expressed	T045	C1171362
27359086	1059	1067	purified	T169	C1998793
27359086	1073	1086	second domain	T087	C1514562
27359086	1088	1096	domain B	T087	C1514562
27359086	1098	1107	expressed	T045	C1171362
27359086	1116	1136	ice binding activity	T044	C1323394
27359086	1148	1155	thermal	T070	C0018837
27359086	1156	1166	hysteresis	T033	C0243095
27359086	1171	1192	gel filtration assays	T059	C0008559
27359086	1225	1232	domains	T087	C1514562
27359086	1263	1281	ice binding effect	T044	C1323394
27359086	1293	1305	heterodimers	T104	C0596448
27359086	1340	1347	domains	T087	C1514562

27359178|t|Structural Remodeling of Sympathetic Innervation in Atherosclerotic Blood Vessels: Role of Atherosclerotic Disease Progression and Chronic Social Stress
27359178|a|The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) can undergo dramatic structural plasticity in response to behavioral factors and/or the presence of disease, leading to SNS hyperinnervation of peripheral tissues. The SNS has been proposed as an important mediator between stressful behavior and the progression of atherosclerosis in the vasculature. The present study examined whether structural remodeling of the SNS occurs in the vasculature in a genetically hyperlipidemic animal model of atherosclerosis, the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit (WHHL; relative to normolipidemic New Zealand white rabbits [NZW]), and whether SNS plasticity is driven by the progression of disease and/or by stressful social behavior. WHHL and NZW rabbits were assigned to an unstable or stable social environment for 4 months. Aortic atherosclerosis was assessed and SNS aortic innervation quantified using immunofluorescent microscopy. Numerous SNS varicosities were observed throughout the aorta in WHHLs and NZWs, extending into the vascular media and intima, an innervation pattern not previously reported. WHHLs exhibited significantly greater innervation than NZWs (F(1,41) = 55.3, p < .001), with extensive innervation of the atherosclerotic neointima. The innervation density was highly correlated with the extent of disease in the WHHLs (r(21) = 0.855, p < .001). Social environment did not influence innervation in NZWs (aortic arch: p = .078, thoracic aorta: p = .34) or WHHLs (arch: p = .97, thoracic: p = .61). The findings suggest that hyperinnervation is driven largely by the progression of disease rather than social environment. SNS innervation patterns observed in atherosclerotic human and mouse aortas were consistent with the rabbit, suggesting that SNS hyperinnervation of the diseased vessel wall is a general feature across mammalian species.
27359178	0	21	Structural Remodeling	T042	C1160367
27359178	25	48	Sympathetic Innervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	52	67	Atherosclerotic	T047	C0004153
27359178	68	81	Blood Vessels	T023	C0005847
27359178	91	106	Atherosclerotic	T047	C0004153
27359178	107	126	Disease Progression	T046	C0242656
27359178	131	138	Chronic	T079	C0205191
27359178	139	152	Social Stress	T048	C0871388
27359178	157	183	sympathetic nervous system	T022	C0039044
27359178	185	188	SNS	T022	C0039044
27359178	202	232	dramatic structural plasticity	T042	C0027880
27359178	248	258	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27359178	259	266	factors	T169	C1521761
27359178	278	286	presence	UnknownType	C0332443
27359178	290	297	disease	T047	C0012634
27359178	310	313	SNS	T022	C0039044
27359178	314	330	hyperinnervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	334	352	peripheral tissues	T024	C0040300
27359178	358	361	SNS	T022	C0039044
27359178	413	422	stressful	T169	C0231297
27359178	423	431	behavior	T053	C0004927
27359178	440	451	progression	T046	C0242656
27359178	455	470	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27359178	478	489	vasculature	T017	C3714653
27359178	503	508	study	T062	C2603343
27359178	526	547	structural remodeling	T042	C1160367
27359178	555	558	SNS	T022	C0039044
27359178	573	584	vasculature	T017	C3714653
27359178	590	601	genetically	T169	C0314603
27359178	602	616	hyperlipidemic	T047	C0020473
27359178	617	629	animal model	T008	C0599779
27359178	633	648	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27359178	654	694	Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit	T015	C3887509
27359178	696	700	WHHL	T015	C3887509
27359178	714	728	normolipidemic	T033	C0243095
27359178	729	754	New Zealand white rabbits	T015	C0324547
27359178	756	759	NZW	T015	C0324547
27359178	775	778	SNS	T022	C0039044
27359178	779	789	plasticity	T042	C0027880
27359178	807	829	progression of disease	T046	C0242656
27359178	840	849	stressful	T169	C0231297
27359178	850	865	social behavior	T054	C0037397
27359178	867	871	WHHL	T015	C3887509
27359178	876	879	NZW	T015	C0324547
27359178	880	887	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27359178	908	916	unstable	T033	C0443343
27359178	920	926	stable	T080	C0205360
27359178	927	945	social environment	T078	C0037414
27359178	952	958	months	T079	C0439231
27359178	960	982	Aortic atherosclerosis	T047	C0155733
27359178	1000	1003	SNS	T022	C0039044
27359178	1004	1010	aortic	T023	C0003483
27359178	1011	1022	innervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	1040	1068	immunofluorescent microscopy	T059	C0079604
27359178	1079	1082	SNS	T022	C0039044
27359178	1083	1095	varicosities	T047	C0042345
27359178	1125	1130	aorta	T023	C0003483
27359178	1134	1139	WHHLs	T015	C3887509
27359178	1144	1148	NZWs	T015	C0324547
27359178	1169	1183	vascular media	T024	C0162867
27359178	1188	1194	intima	T024	C0162864
27359178	1199	1210	innervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	1244	1249	WHHLs	T015	C3887509
27359178	1260	1281	significantly greater	T081	C4055637
27359178	1282	1293	innervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	1299	1303	NZWs	T015	C0324547
27359178	1347	1358	innervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	1366	1381	atherosclerotic	T047	C0004153
27359178	1382	1391	neointima	T020	C2936380
27359178	1397	1408	innervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	1409	1416	density	T081	C0178587
27359178	1428	1438	correlated	T080	C1707520
27359178	1458	1465	disease	T047	C0012634
27359178	1473	1478	WHHLs	T015	C3887509
27359178	1506	1524	Social environment	T078	C0037414
27359178	1543	1554	innervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	1558	1562	NZWs	T015	C0324547
27359178	1564	1575	aortic arch	T023	C0003489
27359178	1587	1601	thoracic aorta	T023	C1522460
27359178	1615	1620	WHHLs	T015	C3887509
27359178	1622	1626	arch	T023	C0003489
27359178	1637	1645	thoracic	T023	C1522460
27359178	1661	1669	findings	T033	C0243095
27359178	1683	1699	hyperinnervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	1725	1747	progression of disease	T046	C0242656
27359178	1760	1778	social environment	T078	C0037414
27359178	1780	1783	SNS	T022	C0039044
27359178	1784	1795	innervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	1796	1804	patterns	T082	C0449774
27359178	1817	1832	atherosclerotic	T047	C0004153
27359178	1833	1838	human	T016	C0086418
27359178	1843	1848	mouse	T015	C0025929
27359178	1849	1855	aortas	T023	C0003483
27359178	1881	1887	rabbit	T015	C3887509
27359178	1905	1908	SNS	T022	C0039044
27359178	1909	1925	hyperinnervation	T042	C0021516
27359178	1933	1941	diseased	T047	C0012634
27359178	1942	1953	vessel wall	T023	C1180033
27359178	1982	1999	mammalian species	T015	C0024660

27359321|t|"You get to know the people and whether they're talking sense or not": Negotiating trust on health -related forums
27359321|a|The internet is increasingly being used as a source of health advice and information by individuals with long term conditions (LTCs). Specifically, online forums allow people to interact with others with similar conditions. However, it is not clear how online health information is assessed by those with LTCs. This study aims to address this gap by exploring how individuals with contested and uncontested LTCs utilise internet forums. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 participants with ME / CFS and 21 participants with type 1 and 2 diabetes and analysed using thematic analysis. Participants were recruited via online and offline routes, namely forums, email lists, newsletters, and face-to-face support groups. The findings indicate that the use of online forums was a complex and nuanced process and was influenced by a number of individual and illness - specific factors. Participants trusted those with similar experiences and perspectives as themselves, while also valuing conventional biomedical information and advice. By accessing support online forum users were able to draw on a personalised form of support based on the lived experiences of their peers. However, the role of digital literacy in developing and maintaining online relationships must be acknowledged.
27359321	21	27	people	T098	C0027361
27359321	48	55	talking	T056	C0234856
27359321	71	82	Negotiating	T054	C0680727
27359321	83	88	trust	T054	C0237935
27359321	92	98	health	T078	C0018684
27359321	108	114	forums	UnknownType	C0683828
27359321	119	127	internet	T073	C0282111
27359321	131	143	increasingly	T169	C0442808
27359321	160	166	source	T033	C0449416
27359321	170	183	health advice	T033	C0868658
27359321	188	199	information	T058	C0850397
27359321	203	214	individuals	T098	C0237401
27359321	220	229	long term	T079	C0443252
27359321	230	240	conditions	T080	C0348080
27359321	242	246	LTCs	T080	C0348080
27359321	263	276	online forums	UnknownType	C0683828
27359321	283	289	people	T098	C0027361
27359321	319	326	similar	T080	C2348205
27359321	327	337	conditions	T080	C0348080
27359321	368	374	online	T170	C0871840
27359321	375	393	health information	T058	C0850397
27359321	397	405	assessed	T052	C1516048
27359321	420	424	LTCs	T080	C0348080
27359321	431	436	study	T062	C2603343
27359321	479	490	individuals	T098	C0237401
27359321	522	526	LTCs	T080	C0348080
27359321	535	550	internet forums	UnknownType	C0683828
27359321	552	578	Semi-structured interviews	T062	C0018260
27359321	602	614	participants	T098	C0679646
27359321	620	622	ME	T047	C0015674
27359321	625	628	CFS	T047	C0015674
27359321	636	648	participants	T098	C0679646
27359321	654	660	type 1	T047	C0011854
27359321	665	675	2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27359321	680	688	analysed	T062	C0936012
27359321	695	712	thematic analysis	T062	C0936012
27359321	714	726	Participants	T098	C0679646
27359321	746	752	online	T170	C0871840
27359321	757	771	offline routes	T033	C0243095
27359321	780	786	forums	UnknownType	C0683828
27359321	788	799	email lists	T170	C0013849
27359321	801	812	newsletters	T073,T170	C0027988
27359321	818	830	face-to-face	T169	C1553514
27359321	831	845	support groups	T078	C0441833
27359321	851	859	findings	T033	C0243095
27359321	885	898	online forums	UnknownType	C0683828
27359321	905	912	complex	T080	C0439855
27359321	925	932	process	T067	C1522240
27359321	941	951	influenced	T077	C4054723
27359321	967	977	individual	T098	C0237401
27359321	982	989	illness	T184	C0221423
27359321	992	1000	specific	T080	C0205369
27359321	1001	1008	factors	T169	C1521761
27359321	1010	1022	Participants	T098	C0679646
27359321	1023	1030	trusted	T054	C0237935
27359321	1042	1049	similar	T080	C2348205
27359321	1050	1061	experiences	T041	C0596545
27359321	1066	1078	perspectives	UnknownType	C0678958
27359321	1113	1125	conventional	T080	C0439858
27359321	1126	1136	biomedical	T169	C0205476
27359321	1137	1148	information	T078	C1533716
27359321	1153	1159	advice	T058	C0150600
27359321	1164	1173	accessing	T082	C0444454
27359321	1182	1194	online forum	UnknownType	C0683828
27359321	1195	1200	users	T098	C1706077
27359321	1224	1241	personalised form	T073	C0376315
27359321	1272	1283	experiences	T041	C0596545
27359321	1293	1298	peers	T098	C0679739
27359321	1321	1328	digital	T080	C1883674
27359321	1329	1337	literacy	T169	C0023864
27359321	1368	1374	online	UnknownType	C0683828
27359321	1375	1388	relationships	T080	C0439849
27359321	1397	1409	acknowledged	T080	C1272684

27362260|t|Colony Expansion of Socially Motile Myxococcus xanthus Cells Is Driven by Growth, Motility, and Exopolysaccharide Production
27362260|a|Myxococcus xanthus, a model organism for studies of multicellular behavior in bacteria, moves exclusively on solid surfaces using two distinct but coordinated motility mechanisms. One of these, social (S) motility is powered by the extension and retraction of type IV pili and requires the presence of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by neighboring cells. As a result, S motility requires close cell-to-cell proximity and isolated cells do not translocate. Previous studies measuring S motility by observing the colony expansion of cells deposited on agar have shown that the expansion rate increases with initial cell density, but the biophysical mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. To understand the dynamics of S motility -driven colony expansion, we developed a reaction - diffusion model describing the effects of cell density, EPS deposition and nutrient exposure on the expansion rate. Our results show that at steady state the population expands as a traveling wave with a speed determined by the interplay of cell motility and growth, a well-known characteristic of Fisher's equation. The model explains the density - dependence of the colony expansion by demonstrating the presence of a lag phase -a transient period of very slow expansion with a duration dependent on the initial cell density. We propose that at a low initial density, more time is required for the cells to accumulate enough EPS to activate S-motility resulting in a longer lag period. Furthermore, our model makes the novel prediction that following the lag phase the population expands at a constant rate independent of the cell density. These predictions were confirmed by S motility experiments capturing long-term expansion dynamics.
27362260	0	6	Colony	T025	C1947989
27362260	7	16	Expansion	T043	C0007595
27362260	20	35	Socially Motile	T043	C1752723
27362260	36	54	Myxococcus xanthus	T007	C0085455
27362260	55	60	Cells	T025	C0007634
27362260	74	80	Growth	T043	C0007595
27362260	82	90	Motility	T040	C0007608
27362260	96	113	Exopolysaccharide	T109,T121	C0032594
27362260	114	124	Production	T057	C0033268
27362260	125	143	Myxococcus xanthus	T007	C0085455
27362260	147	152	model	T170	C3161035
27362260	153	161	organism	T001	C0029235
27362260	166	173	studies	T062	C0008972
27362260	177	199	multicellular behavior	T038	C1327400
27362260	203	211	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27362260	234	239	solid	T080	C0205208
27362260	240	248	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27362260	272	283	coordinated	T169	C0700114
27362260	284	292	motility	T040	C1510470
27362260	293	303	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27362260	319	338	social (S) motility	T043	C1752723
27362260	357	366	extension	T169	C0231448
27362260	371	381	retraction	T033	C0332523
27362260	385	397	type IV pili	T026	C2752415
27362260	427	445	exopolysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
27362260	447	450	EPS	T109,T121	C0032594
27362260	464	475	neighboring	T082	C0205107
27362260	476	481	cells	T025	C0007634
27362260	496	506	S motility	T043	C1752723
27362260	522	534	cell-to-cell	T025	C0007634
27362260	535	544	proximity	T082	C1514583
27362260	549	557	isolated	T169	C0205409
27362260	558	563	cells	T025	C0007634
27362260	571	582	translocate	T043	C0599718
27362260	584	600	Previous studies	T170	C0023866
27362260	601	610	measuring	T080	C0444706
27362260	611	621	S motility	T043	C1752723
27362260	625	634	observing	T169	C1441672
27362260	639	645	colony	T025	C1947989
27362260	646	655	expansion	T043	C0007595
27362260	659	664	cells	T025	C0007634
27362260	665	674	deposited	T169	C0333562
27362260	678	682	agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
27362260	703	712	expansion	T043	C0007595
27362260	713	717	rate	T081	C1521828
27362260	718	727	increases	T081	C0205217
27362260	733	740	initial	T079	C0205265
27362260	741	753	cell density	T081	C0162339
27362260	763	774	biophysical	T091	C0005553
27362260	775	785	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27362260	786	794	involved	T169	C1314939
27362260	810	817	unknown	T080	C0439673
27362260	819	832	To understand	T041	C0162340
27362260	837	845	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27362260	849	859	S motility	T043	C1752723
27362260	868	874	colony	T025	C1947989
27362260	875	884	expansion	T043	C0007595
27362260	901	909	reaction	T169	C0443286
27362260	912	921	diffusion	T070	C0012222
27362260	922	927	model	T170	C3161035
27362260	928	938	describing	T078	C1552738
27362260	943	953	effects of	T080	C1704420
27362260	954	966	cell density	T081	C0162339
27362260	968	971	EPS	T109,T121	C0032594
27362260	972	982	deposition	T169	C0333562
27362260	987	995	nutrient	T077	C2347375
27362260	996	1004	exposure	T080	C0332157
27362260	1012	1021	expansion	T043	C0007595
27362260	1022	1026	rate	T081	C1521828
27362260	1053	1065	steady state	T070	C0678587
27362260	1070	1080	population	T098	C1257890
27362260	1081	1088	expands	T082	C0205229
27362260	1116	1121	speed	T081	C0678536
27362260	1122	1135	determined by	T080	C0521095
27362260	1153	1166	cell motility	T040	C0007608
27362260	1171	1177	growth	T040	C0018270
27362260	1192	1206	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27362260	1210	1227	Fisher's equation	T170	C1708064
27362260	1233	1238	model	T170	C3161035
27362260	1252	1259	density	T081	C0178587
27362260	1262	1272	dependence	T169	C3244310
27362260	1280	1286	colony	T025	C1947989
27362260	1287	1296	expansion	T043	C0007595
27362260	1336	1341	phase	T079	C0205390
27362260	1345	1354	transient	T079	C0205374
27362260	1355	1361	period	T079	C1948053
27362260	1365	1374	very slow	T033	C0443347
27362260	1375	1384	expansion	T043	C0007595
27362260	1392	1400	duration	T109,T121	C2926735
27362260	1401	1410	dependent	T169	C3244310
27362260	1418	1425	initial	T079	C0205265
27362260	1426	1438	cell density	T081	C0162339
27362260	1461	1464	low	T080	C0205251
27362260	1465	1472	initial	T079	C0205265
27362260	1473	1480	density	T081	C0178587
27362260	1512	1517	cells	T025	C0007634
27362260	1521	1531	accumulate	T033	C4055506
27362260	1539	1542	EPS	T109,T121	C0032594
27362260	1546	1554	activate	T169	C1515877
27362260	1555	1565	S-motility	T043	C1752723
27362260	1566	1578	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27362260	1592	1598	period	T079	C1948053
27362260	1617	1622	model	T170	C3161035
27362260	1633	1638	novel	T080	C0205314
27362260	1639	1649	prediction	T078	C0681842
27362260	1655	1664	following	T079	C0332282
27362260	1673	1678	phase	T079	C0205390
27362260	1683	1693	population	T098	C1257890
27362260	1694	1701	expands	T082	C0205229
27362260	1707	1715	constant	T080	C1948059
27362260	1716	1720	rate	T081	C1521828
27362260	1721	1735	independent of	T169	C0332291
27362260	1740	1752	cell density	T081	C0162339
27362260	1760	1771	predictions	T078	C0681842
27362260	1777	1789	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27362260	1790	1800	S motility	T043	C1752723
27362260	1801	1812	experiments	T062	C0681814
27362260	1823	1832	long-term	T079	C0443252
27362260	1833	1842	expansion	T043	C0007595
27362260	1843	1851	dynamics	T070	C3826426

27363212|t|Ultrasound assessment of lung consolidation and reaeration after pleural effusion drainage in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: a pilot study
27363212|a|The aim of the pilot study was to assess by ultrasound changes in dimensions of lung consolidation and reaeration after drainage of large pleural effusion in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Lung ultrasound and blood gas were performed before, 2 hours (H2) and 24 hours (H24) after drainage of pleural effusion. Lung ultrasound aeration score was calculated. Cephalocaudal dimension and diaphragmatic transversal area of lung consolidation were measured. Ten patients were studied. Median volume of drained effusion was 675 ml at H2 and 895 at H24. Two hours after drainage, dimension of cephalocaudal consolidation and diaphragmatic transversal area decreased significantly. Lung reaeration after drainage occurred mainly in latero-inferior and postero-superior regions. PaO2/FiO2 increased significantly at H24. Ultrasound is a useful method to assess lung consolidation after pleural effusion drainage. Drainage of pleural effusion may lead to a decrease of lung consolidation and improvement of lung reaeration.
27363212	0	10	Ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27363212	11	21	assessment	T058	C0220825
27363212	25	43	lung consolidation	T047	C0521530
27363212	48	58	reaeration	T061	C0087111
27363212	65	81	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
27363212	82	90	drainage	T061	C0013103
27363212	94	102	patients	T101	C0030705
27363212	108	143	Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	T047	C0035222
27363212	147	158	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27363212	163	166	aim	T078	C1947946
27363212	174	185	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27363212	193	199	assess	T058	C0184514
27363212	203	213	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27363212	225	235	dimensions	T081	C0439534
27363212	239	257	lung consolidation	T047	C0521530
27363212	262	272	reaeration	T061	C0087111
27363212	279	287	drainage	T061	C0013103
27363212	297	313	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
27363212	317	325	patients	T101	C0030705
27363212	331	366	acute respiratory distress syndrome	T047	C0035222
27363212	368	372	ARDS	T047	C0035222
27363212	375	390	Lung ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27363212	395	404	blood gas	T059	C0005800
27363212	410	419	performed	T169	C0884358
27363212	428	435	2 hours	T079	C1292425
27363212	437	439	H2	T079	C1292425
27363212	445	453	24 hours	T079	C1442770
27363212	455	458	H24	T079	C1442770
27363212	466	474	drainage	T061	C0013103
27363212	478	494	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
27363212	496	526	Lung ultrasound aeration score	T081	C0392762
27363212	543	566	Cephalocaudal dimension	T030	C0229984
27363212	571	601	diaphragmatic transversal area	T030	C0229984
27363212	605	623	lung consolidation	T047	C0521530
27363212	643	651	patients	T101	C0030705
27363212	666	679	Median volume	T081	C0449468
27363212	683	690	drained	T061	C0013103
27363212	691	699	effusion	T046	C0013687
27363212	714	716	H2	T079	C1292425
27363212	728	731	H24	T079	C1442770
27363212	733	742	Two hours	T079	C1292425
27363212	749	757	drainage	T061	C0013103
27363212	759	799	dimension of cephalocaudal consolidation	T030	C0229984
27363212	804	834	diaphragmatic transversal area	T030	C0229984
27363212	860	875	Lung reaeration	T061	C0087111
27363212	882	890	drainage	T061	C0013103
27363212	910	925	latero-inferior	T029	C0005898
27363212	930	954	postero-superior regions	T029	C0005898
27363212	956	965	PaO2/FiO2	T059	C4087239
27363212	993	996	H24	T079	C1442770
27363212	998	1008	Ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27363212	1031	1037	assess	T058	C0184514
27363212	1038	1056	lung consolidation	T047	C0521530
27363212	1063	1079	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
27363212	1080	1088	drainage	T061	C0013103
27363212	1090	1098	Drainage	T061	C0013103
27363212	1102	1118	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
27363212	1133	1141	decrease	T081	C0547047
27363212	1145	1163	lung consolidation	T047	C0521530
27363212	1168	1179	improvement	T077	C2986411
27363212	1183	1198	lung reaeration	T061	C0087111

27363786|t|The Maternal Legacy: Female Identity Predicts Offspring Sex Ratio in the Loggerhead Sea Turtle
27363786|a|In organisms with temperature-dependent sex determination, the incubation environment plays a key role in determining offspring sex ratios. Given that global temperatures have warmed approximately 0.6 °C in the last century, it is necessary to consider how organisms will adjust to climate change. To better understand the degree to which mothers influence the sex ratios of their offspring, we use 24 years of nesting data for individual female loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) observed on Bald Head Island, North Carolina. We find that maternal identity is the best predictor of nest sex ratio in univariate and multivariate predictive models. We find significant variability in estimated nest sex ratios among mothers, but a high degree of consistency within mothers, despite substantial spatial and temporal thermal variation. Our results suggest that individual differences in nesting preferences are the main driver behind divergences in nest sex ratios. As such, a female's ability to plastically adjust her nest sex ratios in response to environmental conditions is constrained, potentially limiting how individuals behaviorally mitigate the effects of environmental change. Given that many loggerhead populations already show female-biased offspring sex ratios, understanding maternal behavioral responses is critical for predicting the future of long-lived species vulnerable to extinction.
27363786	4	12	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27363786	13	19	Legacy	T081	C0242538
27363786	21	27	Female	T032	C0086287
27363786	28	36	Identity	T054	C3826248
27363786	46	55	Offspring	T099	C0680063
27363786	56	65	Sex Ratio	T081	C0036893
27363786	73	94	Loggerhead Sea Turtle	T014	C0999068
27363786	98	107	organisms	T001	C0029235
27363786	113	134	temperature-dependent	T081	C0039476
27363786	135	152	sex determination	T038	C1367886
27363786	158	180	incubation environment	T082	C0014406
27363786	213	222	offspring	T099	C0680063
27363786	223	233	sex ratios	T081	C0036893
27363786	246	252	global	T080	C2348867
27363786	253	265	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27363786	271	277	warmed	T070	C0687712
27363786	352	361	organisms	T001	C0029235
27363786	367	373	adjust	T033	C2364069
27363786	377	391	climate change	T070	C2718051
27363786	418	424	degree	T080	C0441889
27363786	434	441	mothers	T099	C0026591
27363786	442	451	influence	T077	C4054723
27363786	456	466	sex ratios	T081	C0036893
27363786	476	485	offspring	T099	C0680063
27363786	497	502	years	T079	C0439234
27363786	506	518	nesting data	T078	C1511726
27363786	523	533	individual	T098	C0237401
27363786	534	540	female	T032	C0086287
27363786	541	563	loggerhead sea turtles	T014	C0999068
27363786	565	580	Caretta caretta	T014	C0999068
27363786	594	610	Bald Head Island	T083	C0022130
27363786	612	626	North Carolina	T083	C0028407
27363786	641	649	maternal	T033	C1858460
27363786	650	658	identity	T054	C3826248
27363786	684	688	nest	T082	C1254362
27363786	689	698	sex ratio	T081	C0036893
27363786	702	712	univariate	T062	C0683962
27363786	717	747	multivariate predictive models	T062	C0242481
27363786	769	780	variability	T077	C2827666
27363786	794	798	nest	T082	C1254362
27363786	799	809	sex ratios	T081	C0036893
27363786	816	823	mothers	T099	C0026591
27363786	846	857	consistency	T080	C0332529
27363786	865	872	mothers	T099	C0026591
27363786	894	901	spatial	T082	C1254362
27363786	906	914	temporal	T079	C0040223
27363786	915	932	thermal variation	T070	C2584332
27363786	959	969	individual	T098	C0237401
27363786	985	1004	nesting preferences	T054	C0027776
27363786	1032	1043	divergences	T082	C0443204
27363786	1047	1051	nest	T082	C1254362
27363786	1052	1062	sex ratios	T081	C0036893
27363786	1075	1083	female's	T032	C0086287
27363786	1118	1122	nest	T082	C1254362
27363786	1123	1133	sex ratios	T081	C0036893
27363786	1149	1162	environmental	T082	C0014406
27363786	1163	1173	conditions	T080	C0348080
27363786	1177	1188	constrained	T077	C1707494
27363786	1215	1226	individuals	T098	C0237401
27363786	1240	1248	mitigate	T067	C1553901
27363786	1264	1284	environmental change	T033	C4060636
27363786	1302	1312	loggerhead	T014	C0999068
27363786	1313	1324	populations	T098	C1257890
27363786	1338	1351	female-biased	T078	C0242568
27363786	1352	1361	offspring	T099	C0680063
27363786	1362	1372	sex ratios	T081	C0036893
27363786	1388	1407	maternal behavioral	T054	C0024919
27363786	1421	1429	critical	T080	C1511545
27363786	1470	1477	species	T185	C1705920
27363786	1478	1488	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
27363786	1492	1502	extinction	T070	C3826380

27364111|t|Physicians' knowledge on the work-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
27364111|a|Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be induced by the work environment conditions. According to the estimates, 10-20% of all COPD cases are associated with occupational exposure to dusts and irritant gases. However, in 2014, only 11 cases of work-related COPD were recognized in Poland. The aim of the study was to analyze the reasons for the low incidence of work-related COPD in the context of pulmonologists ' knowledge about occupational risk factors and procedures on reporting suspected occupational diseases. A survey included 94 pulmonologists randomly selected out of 225 specialists registered at the Local Physicians Chamber in Łódź. The study was performed anonymously with the use of original questionnaire. More than a half of the surveyed pulmonologists identified environmental risk factors for COPD correctly, while only 23.4% properly identified the main occupational risk factors as the cause of COPD. Only 58.5% of the pulmonologists always asked their patients suffering from COPD about their job / profession and 60.6% of them did not have any knowledge about procedures on reporting suspected occupational diseases. The physicians rarely ask patients suffering from COPD about their job / profession and the relationship between their ailments and occupational exposure. What is more, they do not know legal regulations on proper referral of a patient with a suspected case of occupational disease. The results of the study clearly indicate that there is an urgent need for increasing pulmonologists ' knowledge on work-related COPD. Med Pr 2016;67(3):375-384.
27364111	0	11	Physicians'	T097	C0031831
27364111	29	41	work-related	T047	C0871617
27364111	42	79	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
27364111	80	117	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
27364111	119	123	COPD	T047	C0024117
27364111	147	163	work environment	T082	C0162579
27364111	164	174	conditions	T080	C0348080
27364111	193	202	estimates	T081	C0750572
27364111	218	222	COPD	T047	C0024117
27364111	223	228	cases	T169	C0868928
27364111	233	248	associated with	T080	C0332281
27364111	249	270	occupational exposure	T037	C0028798
27364111	274	279	dusts	T167	C0013330
27364111	284	292	irritant	T131	C0022108
27364111	293	298	gases	T104	C0017110
27364111	326	331	cases	T169	C0868928
27364111	335	347	work-related	T047	C0871617
27364111	348	352	COPD	T047	C0024117
27364111	372	378	Poland	T083	C0032356
27364111	395	400	study	T062	C2603343
27364111	408	415	analyze	T062	C0936012
27364111	436	439	low	T080	C0205251
27364111	440	449	incidence	T081	C0021149
27364111	453	465	work-related	T047	C0871617
27364111	466	470	COPD	T047	C0024117
27364111	478	485	context	T078	C0449255
27364111	489	503	pulmonologists	T097	C0586859
27364111	522	534	occupational	T169	C0521127
27364111	535	547	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27364111	552	562	procedures	T169	C2700391
27364111	566	575	reporting	T058	C0700287
27364111	576	585	suspected	T047	C0277540
27364111	586	607	occupational diseases	T047	C0028797
27364111	611	617	survey	T170	C0038951
27364111	630	644	pulmonologists	T097	C0586859
27364111	645	653	randomly	T080	C0439605
27364111	674	685	specialists	T097	C0920580
27364111	704	728	Local Physicians Chamber	T093	C1708333
27364111	732	736	Łódź	UnknownType	C0681784
27364111	742	747	study	T062	C2603343
27364111	752	761	performed	T169	C0884358
27364111	762	773	anonymously	T080	C2346787
27364111	799	812	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27364111	838	846	surveyed	T170	C0038951
27364111	847	861	pulmonologists	T097	C0586859
27364111	862	872	identified	T080	C0205396
27364111	873	886	environmental	T082	C0014406
27364111	887	899	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27364111	904	908	COPD	T047	C0024117
27364111	946	956	identified	T080	C0205396
27364111	966	978	occupational	T169	C0521127
27364111	979	991	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27364111	999	1004	cause	T078	C0085978
27364111	1008	1012	COPD	T047	C0024117
27364111	1032	1046	pulmonologists	T097	C0586859
27364111	1066	1074	patients	T101	C0030705
27364111	1075	1084	suffering	T033	C0231303
27364111	1090	1094	COPD	T047	C0024117
27364111	1107	1110	job	T090	C0028811
27364111	1113	1123	profession	T090	C0028811
27364111	1175	1185	procedures	T169	C2700391
27364111	1189	1198	reporting	T058	C0700287
27364111	1199	1208	suspected	T047	C0277540
27364111	1209	1230	occupational diseases	T047	C0028797
27364111	1236	1246	physicians	T097	C0031831
27364111	1247	1253	rarely	T080	C0522498
27364111	1258	1266	patients	T101	C0030705
27364111	1267	1276	suffering	T033	C0231303
27364111	1282	1286	COPD	T047	C0024117
27364111	1299	1302	job	T090	C0028811
27364111	1305	1315	profession	T090	C0028811
27364111	1324	1336	relationship	T080	C0439849
27364111	1351	1359	ailments	T184	C0221423
27364111	1364	1385	occupational exposure	T037	C0028798
27364111	1418	1435	legal regulations	T089	C0680575
27364111	1446	1467	referral of a patient	T058	C0034927
27364111	1475	1484	suspected	T047	C0277540
27364111	1485	1489	case	T169	C0868928
27364111	1493	1513	occupational disease	T047	C0028797
27364111	1519	1526	results	T169	C1274040
27364111	1534	1539	study	T062	C2603343
27364111	1548	1556	indicate	T078	C3146298
27364111	1590	1600	increasing	T169	C0442808
27364111	1601	1615	pulmonologists	T097	C0586859
27364111	1631	1643	work-related	T047	C0871617
27364111	1644	1648	COPD	T047	C0024117

27364501|t|Increased RhoA Activity Predicts Worse Overall Survival in Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection for Lauren Diffuse-Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma
27364501|a|Several studies have reported a high rate of RHOA mutations in the Lauren diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) but not in intestinal-type GA. The aim of this study was to determine if RhoA activity is prognostic for overall survival (OS) in patients with resectable GA. Retrospective review was performed on a prospective database of GA patients who underwent potentially curative resection between 2003 and 2012 at a single institution. Tissue microarrays were constructed from surgical specimens and analyzed for phosphorylated RhoA, a marker of inactive RhoA signaling. OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. One hundred thirty-six patients with diffuse-type GA and 129 patients with intestinal-type GA were examined. Compared to intestinal-type GA, diffuse-type GA tumors were significantly associated with increased tumor size and advanced tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification system stage. In patients with diffuse-type GA, high RhoA activity was associated with significantly worse OS when compared to low RhoA activity (5-year OS 52.5 vs. 81.0 %, p = 0.017). This difference in OS was not observed in patients with intestinal-type GA (5-year OS 83.9 vs. 81.6 %, p = 0.766). On multivariate analysis of diffuse-type GA patients, high RhoA activity was an independent negative prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio 2.38, 95 % confidence interval 1.07-5.28). Increased RhoA activity is predictive of worse OS in patients with diffuse-type GA who undergo potentially curative surgical resection. Along with findings from genomic studies, these results suggest RhoA may be a novel therapeutic target in diffuse-type GA.
27364501	10	14	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27364501	15	23	Activity	T044	C1537044
27364501	33	38	Worse	T033	C1457868
27364501	39	55	Overall Survival	T081	C4086681
27364501	59	67	Patients	T101	C0030705
27364501	79	97	Surgical Resection	T061	C0015252
27364501	102	108	Lauren	T185	C3829311
27364501	109	144	Diffuse-Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma	T191	C0279635
27364501	190	194	RHOA	T028	C0812234
27364501	195	204	mutations	T045	C0596611
27364501	212	218	Lauren	T185	C3829311
27364501	219	254	diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma	T191	C0279635
27364501	256	258	GA	T191	C0278701
27364501	271	289	intestinal-type GA	T191	C0279633
27364501	333	337	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27364501	338	346	activity	T044	C1537044
27364501	350	360	prognostic	T201	C1514474
27364501	365	381	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27364501	383	385	OS	T081	C4086681
27364501	390	398	patients	T101	C0030705
27364501	415	417	GA	T191	C0278701
27364501	419	439	Retrospective review	T062	C0035363
27364501	483	485	GA	T191	C0278701
27364501	486	494	patients	T101	C0030705
27364501	521	539	curative resection	T061	C1511562
27364501	567	585	single institution	T093	C2607850
27364501	587	593	Tissue	T024	C0040300
27364501	594	605	microarrays	T073	C1709016
27364501	628	646	surgical specimens	T059	C1254419
27364501	664	678	phosphorylated	T116	C1519061
27364501	679	683	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27364501	687	693	marker	T201	C0005516
27364501	706	710	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27364501	711	720	signaling	T043	C2611812
27364501	722	724	OS	T081	C4086681
27364501	746	765	Kaplan-Meier method	T062	C2827659
27364501	771	792	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27364501	810	854	Cox proportional hazards regression modeling	T081,T170	C0010235
27364501	879	887	patients	T101	C0030705
27364501	893	908	diffuse-type GA	T191	C0279635
27364501	917	925	patients	T101	C0030705
27364501	931	949	intestinal-type GA	T191	C0279633
27364501	977	995	intestinal-type GA	T191	C0279633
27364501	997	1012	diffuse-type GA	T191	C0279635
27364501	1013	1019	tumors	T191	C0027651
27364501	1039	1054	associated with	T080	C0332281
27364501	1065	1075	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27364501	1080	1146	advanced tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification system stage	T185	C1515169
27364501	1151	1159	patients	T101	C0030705
27364501	1165	1180	diffuse-type GA	T191	C0279635
27364501	1187	1191	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27364501	1192	1200	activity	T044	C1537044
27364501	1205	1220	associated with	T080	C0332281
27364501	1235	1240	worse	T033	C1457868
27364501	1241	1243	OS	T081	C4086681
27364501	1265	1269	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27364501	1270	1278	activity	T044	C1537044
27364501	1287	1289	OS	T081	C4086681
27364501	1338	1340	OS	T081	C4086681
27364501	1361	1369	patients	T101	C0030705
27364501	1375	1393	intestinal-type GA	T191	C0279633
27364501	1402	1404	OS	T081	C4086681
27364501	1437	1458	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27364501	1462	1477	diffuse-type GA	T191	C0279635
27364501	1478	1486	patients	T101	C0030705
27364501	1493	1497	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27364501	1498	1506	activity	T044	C1537044
27364501	1535	1552	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
27364501	1557	1559	OS	T081	C4086681
27364501	1561	1573	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27364501	1585	1604	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27364501	1627	1631	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27364501	1632	1640	activity	T044	C1537044
27364501	1658	1663	worse	T033	C1457868
27364501	1664	1666	OS	T081	C4086681
27364501	1670	1678	patients	T101	C0030705
27364501	1684	1699	diffuse-type GA	T191	C0279635
27364501	1724	1751	curative surgical resection	T061	C1511562
27364501	1778	1793	genomic studies	T091	C0887950
27364501	1817	1821	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27364501	1837	1848	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27364501	1849	1855	target	T169	C1521840
27364501	1859	1874	diffuse-type GA	T191	C0279635

27364610|t|Doxifluridine - conjugated 2-5A analog shows strong RNase L activation ability and tumor suppressive effect
27364610|a|RNase L is activated by 2',5'-oligoadenylates (2-5A) at subnanomolar levels to cleave single-stranded RNA. We previously reported the hypothesis that the introduction of an 8-methyladenosine residue at the 2'- terminus of the 2-5A tetramer shifts the 2-5A binding site of RNase L. In this study, we synthesized various 5'- modified 2-5A analog s with 8-methyladenosine at the 2'- terminus. The doxifluridine - conjugated 8-methyladenosine - substituted 2-5A analog was significantly more effective as an activator of RNase L than the parent 5'- monophophorylated 2-5A tetramer and showed a tumor suppressive effect against human cervical cancer cells.
27364610	0	13	Doxifluridine	T114,T121	C0048808
27364610	16	26	conjugated	T082	C0522529
27364610	27	31	2-5A	T114,T121	C0045143
27364610	32	38	analog	T104	C0243071
27364610	45	51	strong	T080	C0442821
27364610	52	59	RNase L	T116,T126	C0071795
27364610	60	70	activation	T045	C0599177
27364610	71	78	ability	T080	C2698977
27364610	83	100	tumor suppressive	T044	C1519692
27364610	101	107	effect	T080	C1280500
27364610	108	115	RNase L	T116,T126	C0071795
27364610	119	128	activated	T045	C0599177
27364610	132	153	2',5'-oligoadenylates	T114,T121	C0045143
27364610	155	159	2-5A	T114,T121	C0045143
27364610	164	176	subnanomolar	T081	C0392762
27364610	177	183	levels	T080	C0441889
27364610	187	193	cleave	T082	C0205242
27364610	194	213	single-stranded RNA	T114	C3272452
27364610	229	237	reported	T170	C0684224
27364610	242	252	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27364610	262	274	introduction	T169	C0579004
27364610	281	298	8-methyladenosine	T114	C0100309
27364610	318	326	terminus	T082	C1705315
27364610	334	347	2-5A tetramer	T114,T121	C0092311
27364610	348	354	shifts	T169	C0333051
27364610	359	363	2-5A	T114,T121	C0045143
27364610	364	376	binding site	T192	C0005456
27364610	380	387	RNase L	T116,T126	C0071795
27364610	397	402	study	T062	C2603343
27364610	407	418	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27364610	431	439	modified	T169	C0392747
27364610	440	444	2-5A	T114,T121	C0045143
27364610	445	451	analog	T104	C0243071
27364610	459	476	8-methyladenosine	T114	C0100309
27364610	488	496	terminus	T082	C1705315
27364610	502	515	doxifluridine	T114,T121	C0048808
27364610	518	528	conjugated	T082	C0522529
27364610	529	546	8-methyladenosine	T114	C0100309
27364610	549	560	substituted	T052	C1706204
27364610	561	565	2-5A	T114,T121	C0045143
27364610	566	572	analog	T104	C0243071
27364610	577	595	significantly more	T081	C4055637
27364610	596	605	effective	T080	C1704419
27364610	612	621	activator	T052	C1879547
27364610	625	632	RNase L	T116,T126	C0071795
27364610	642	648	parent	T077	C2699423
27364610	653	670	monophophorylated	T044	C1327237
27364610	671	684	2-5A tetramer	T114,T121	C0092311
27364610	698	715	tumor suppressive	T044	C1519692
27364610	716	722	effect	T080	C1280500
27364610	723	730	against	T080	C0521124
27364610	731	736	human	T016	C0086418
27364610	737	752	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27364610	753	758	cells	T025	C0007634

27364994|t|Naphthoquinone glycosides for bioelectroanalytical enumeration of the faecal indicator Escherichia coli
27364994|a|Microbial water quality monitoring for the presence of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) is a mandatory activity in many countries and is key in public health protection. Despite technological advances and a need for methodological improvements, chromogenic and fluorogenic enzymatic techniques remain the mainstays of water quality monitoring for both public health agencies and regulated utilities. We demonstrated that bioelectroanalytical approaches to FIB enumeration are possible and can be achieved using commercially available enzyme - specific resorufin glycosides, although these are expensive, not widely available or designed for purpose. Following this, we designed two naphthoquinone glycosides which performed better, achieving Escherichia coli detection in the range 5.0 × 10(2) to 5.0 × 10(5) CFU ml(-1) 22-54% quicker than commercially available resorufin glycosides. The molecular design of the naphthoquinone glycosides requires fewer synthetic steps allowing them to be produced for as little as US$50 per kg. Tests with environmental samples demonstrated the low tendency for abiotic interference and that, despite specificity being maintained between β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase, accurate enumeration of E. coli in environmental samples necessitates development of a selective medium. In comparison to a commercially available detection method, which has U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approval, our approach performed better at high organism concentrations, detecting 500 organisms in 9 h compared with 13.5 h for the commercial method. Bioelectroanalytical detection is comparable to current approved methods and with further development could result in improved detection times. A recent trend for low-cost open-source hardware means that automated, potentiostatically controlled E. coli detection systems could be constructed for less than US$100 per channel.
27364994	0	14	Naphthoquinone	T109	C0027388
27364994	15	25	glycosides	T109	C0017977
27364994	30	62	bioelectroanalytical enumeration	T080	C1707927
27364994	70	76	faecal	T031	C0015733
27364994	77	86	indicator	T130	C0021212
27364994	87	103	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27364994	104	113	Microbial	T001	C0599840
27364994	114	127	water quality	T080	C0597680
27364994	128	138	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27364994	159	184	faecal indicator bacteria	T007	C0004611
27364994	186	189	FIB	T007	C0004611
27364994	196	214	mandatory activity	T064	C0242803
27364994	223	232	countries	T083	C0454664
27364994	247	271	public health protection	T058	C0034020
27364994	281	303	technological advances	UnknownType	C0681539
27364994	319	333	methodological	UnknownType	C0815254
27364994	334	346	improvements	T077	C2986411
27364994	348	359	chromogenic	T059	C3872799
27364994	364	396	fluorogenic enzymatic techniques	T169	C0449851
27364994	421	434	water quality	T080	C0597680
27364994	435	445	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27364994	455	501	public health agencies and regulated utilities	T093	C1551248
27364994	524	555	bioelectroanalytical approaches	T062	C0936012
27364994	559	562	FIB	T007	C0004611
27364994	563	574	enumeration	T080	C1707927
27364994	637	643	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27364994	646	654	specific	T080	C0205369
27364994	655	664	resorufin	T109	C0073089
27364994	665	675	glycosides	T109	C0017977
27364994	785	799	naphthoquinone	T109	C0027388
27364994	800	810	glycosides	T109	C0017977
27364994	817	833	performed better	T080	C0332272
27364994	845	871	Escherichia coli detection	T059	C1294359
27364994	930	937	quicker	T080	C0456962
27364994	966	975	resorufin	T109	C0073089
27364994	976	986	glycosides	T109	C0017977
27364994	992	1008	molecular design	T090	C0013171
27364994	1016	1030	naphthoquinone	T109	C0027388
27364994	1031	1041	glycosides	T109	C0017977
27364994	1057	1072	synthetic steps	T052	C1883254
27364994	1133	1138	Tests	T169	C0039593
27364994	1144	1157	environmental	T082	C0014406
27364994	1158	1165	samples	T167	C0370003
27364994	1200	1207	abiotic	T169	C0205485
27364994	1208	1220	interference	T169	C0521102
27364994	1239	1250	specificity	T081	C0037791
27364994	1276	1291	β-glucuronidase	T116,T126,T130	C0017776
27364994	1296	1311	β-galactosidase	T116,T121,T126	C0005220
27364994	1322	1333	enumeration	T080	C1707927
27364994	1337	1344	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27364994	1348	1361	environmental	T082	C0014406
27364994	1362	1369	samples	T167	C0370003
27364994	1400	1416	selective medium	T081	C0439536
27364994	1421	1431	comparison	T052	C1707455
27364994	1460	1469	detection	T033	C0442726
27364994	1470	1476	method	T169	C0449851
27364994	1488	1524	U.S. Environmental Protection Agency	T092	C0041712
27364994	1526	1529	EPA	T092	C0041712
27364994	1531	1539	approval	T170	C2346845
27364994	1554	1570	performed better	T080	C0332272
27364994	1579	1587	organism	T001	C0029235
27364994	1588	1602	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27364994	1618	1627	organisms	T001	C0029235
27364994	1635	1643	compared	T052	C1707455
27364994	1664	1681	commercial method	T059	C0871511
27364994	1683	1713	Bioelectroanalytical detection	T062	C0936012
27364994	1717	1727	comparable	T052	C1707455
27364994	1731	1755	current approved methods	T059	C0871511
27364994	1765	1784	further development	T039	C0243107
27364994	1791	1797	result	T169	C1274040
27364994	1810	1819	detection	T033	C0442726
27364994	1820	1825	times	T081	C0449809
27364994	1855	1875	open-source hardware	T073	C1523994
27364994	1887	1896	automated	T169	C0205554
27364994	1917	1927	controlled	T169	C2587213
27364994	1928	1945	E. coli detection	T059	C1294359

27365044|t|Evaluation of Local CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 Expression Levels as Prognostic Factors in Postmenopausal Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer Cases
27365044|a|There is growing attention focused on local estrogen production in the breast tissue and its possible role in breast cancer initiation and progression. Understanding the underlying mechanisms for estrogen synthesis and the microenvironment consisting of tumor and its surrounding adipose tissue might open new avenues in breast cancer prevention, prognosis and treatment. In order to obtain insight, we compared peritumoral and tumor tissue expressions of CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 genes, which play an important role in estrogen biosynthesis. The paired tissue samples of 20 postmenopausal ER(+) / PR(+) patients diagnosed with invasive ductal breast cancer were studied. In addition, 12 breast tissue samples obtained from premenopausal women without a history of breast cancer were also investigated as representative of normal conditions. Peritumoral adipose tissues expressed CYP19A1 approximately threefold higher than tumor itself (p = 0.001). A nonsignificant trend toward low expression of CYP17A1 was observed in peritumoral compared to tumor tissue (p = 0.687). Clinicopathological parameters and patient characteristics which are accepted as risk factors for breast cancer were also associated with individual and combined expressions of CYP17A1 and CYP19A1. This study offers that evaluation of CYP17A1 and CYP19A1 local expression levels might be useful for deciding on personalized treatment approaches and more accurate diagnosis, when evaluated together with several clinicopathological and disease risk factors. Considering the key role of these CYPs in estrogen synthesis, determining their expression levels may be useful as a postdiagnostic marker and for choosing the right treatment method in addition to the conventional approach.
27365044	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27365044	14	19	Local	T082	C0205276
27365044	20	27	CYP17A1	T028	C1413858
27365044	32	39	CYP19A1	T028	C1366496
27365044	40	57	Expression Levels	T081	C3244092
27365044	61	79	Prognostic Factors	T201	C1514474
27365044	83	97	Postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
27365044	98	127	Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer	T191	C1134719
27365044	128	133	Cases	T077	C1706256
27365044	172	177	local	T082	C0205276
27365044	178	197	estrogen production	T044	C1157310
27365044	205	218	breast tissue	T024	C1521747
27365044	236	240	role	T077	C1705810
27365044	244	257	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27365044	258	268	initiation	T169	C1704686
27365044	273	284	progression	T046	C1947901
27365044	315	325	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27365044	330	348	estrogen synthesis	T044	C1157310
27365044	357	373	microenvironment	T070	C2936626
27365044	388	393	tumor	T191	C0027651
27365044	414	428	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27365044	455	479	breast cancer prevention	T061	C0281189
27365044	481	490	prognosis	T201	C1516221
27365044	495	504	treatment	T061	C0087111
27365044	546	557	peritumoral	T082	C3897941
27365044	562	574	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27365044	575	586	expressions	T045	C0017262
27365044	590	597	CYP17A1	T028	C1413858
27365044	602	609	CYP19A1	T028	C1366496
27365044	649	670	estrogen biosynthesis	T044	C1157310
27365044	683	697	tissue samples	T024	C0475358
27365044	704	718	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
27365044	719	724	ER(+)	T034	C0279754
27365044	727	732	PR(+)	T034	C0279759
27365044	733	741	patients	T101	C0030705
27365044	742	751	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27365044	757	786	invasive ductal breast cancer	T191	C1134719
27365044	817	838	breast tissue samples	T023	C0444070
27365044	853	866	premenopausal	T033	C0279752
27365044	867	872	women	T098	C0043210
27365044	894	907	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27365044	952	969	normal conditions	T033	C0231162
27365044	971	982	Peritumoral	T082	C3897941
27365044	983	998	adipose tissues	T024	C0001527
27365044	1009	1016	CYP19A1	T028	C1366496
27365044	1053	1058	tumor	T191	C0027651
27365044	1109	1112	low	T080	C0205251
27365044	1113	1123	expression	T045	C0017262
27365044	1127	1134	CYP17A1	T028	C1413858
27365044	1151	1162	peritumoral	T082	C3897941
27365044	1175	1187	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27365044	1201	1231	Clinicopathological parameters	T077	C0549193
27365044	1236	1259	patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27365044	1282	1294	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27365044	1299	1312	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27365044	1363	1374	expressions	T045	C0017262
27365044	1378	1385	CYP17A1	T028	C1413858
27365044	1390	1397	CYP19A1	T028	C1366496
27365044	1422	1432	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27365044	1436	1443	CYP17A1	T028	C1413858
27365044	1448	1455	CYP19A1	T028	C1366496
27365044	1456	1461	local	T082	C0205276
27365044	1462	1479	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27365044	1512	1524	personalized	T080	C1709510
27365044	1525	1545	treatment approaches	UnknownType	C0679624
27365044	1550	1563	more accurate	T080	C0443131
27365044	1564	1573	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27365044	1580	1589	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27365044	1612	1631	clinicopathological	T169	C0205245
27365044	1636	1656	disease risk factors	T033	C0850664
27365044	1674	1682	key role	T077	C1705810
27365044	1692	1696	CYPs	T028	C0796517
27365044	1700	1718	estrogen synthesis	T044	C1157310
27365044	1738	1755	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27365044	1775	1796	postdiagnostic marker	T201	C0005516
27365044	1818	1823	right	T080	C2349182
27365044	1824	1840	treatment method	T061	C0087111

27366176|t|Case Report of Necrotizing Fasciitis Associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae
27366176|a|Necrotizing fasciitis, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is an extremely rare and life-threatening bacterial soft tissue infection. We report a case of early necrotizing fasciitis associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in a 26- year -old man who was immunocompromised with mixed connective tissue disease. The patient presented with acute, painful, erythematous, and edematous skin lesions of his right lower back, which rapidly progressed to the right knee. The patient underwent surgical exploration, and a diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was confirmed by pathological evidence of necrosis of the fascia and neutrophil infiltration in tissue biopsies. Cultures of fascial tissue biopsies and blood samples were positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of necrotizing fasciitis resulting from Streptococcus pneumoniae diagnosed at early phase; the patient recovered well without surgical debridement.
27366176	0	11	Case Report	T170	C0085973
27366176	15	36	Necrotizing Fasciitis	T047	C0238124
27366176	37	52	Associated with	T080	C0332281
27366176	53	77	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27366176	78	99	Necrotizing fasciitis	T047	C0238124
27366176	111	135	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27366176	143	157	extremely rare	T080	C0522498
27366176	162	178	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27366176	179	188	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27366176	189	210	soft tissue infection	T047	C0149778
27366176	215	221	report	T058	C0700287
27366176	224	228	case	T169	C0868928
27366176	238	259	necrotizing fasciitis	T047	C0238124
27366176	260	275	associated with	T080	C0332281
27366176	276	300	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27366176	301	310	infection	T046	C3714514
27366176	320	324	year	T079	C0439234
27366176	330	333	man	T098	C0025266
27366176	342	359	immunocompromised	T033	C0085393
27366176	365	396	mixed connective tissue disease	T047	C0026272
27366176	402	409	patient	T101	C0030705
27366176	425	430	acute	T079	C0205178
27366176	432	439	painful	T184	C0030193
27366176	441	453	erythematous	T169	C0332476
27366176	459	473	edematous skin	T046	C0521464
27366176	474	481	lesions	T033	C0221198
27366176	489	505	right lower back	T029	C0817923
27366176	521	531	progressed	T169	C1280477
27366176	539	549	right knee	T023	C0230431
27366176	555	562	patient	T101	C0030705
27366176	573	593	surgical exploration	T060	C0184899
27366176	601	610	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27366176	614	635	necrotizing fasciitis	T047	C0238124
27366176	653	665	pathological	T169	C1521733
27366176	666	674	evidence	T078	C3887511
27366176	678	686	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27366176	694	700	fascia	T024	C0015641
27366176	705	728	neutrophil infiltration	T039	C0751982
27366176	732	747	tissue biopsies	T060	C3864006
27366176	749	757	Cultures	T059	C3826495
27366176	761	768	fascial	T029	C0015450
27366176	769	784	tissue biopsies	T060	C3864006
27366176	789	802	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27366176	808	816	positive	T033	C1446409
27366176	821	845	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27366176	883	889	report	T058	C0700287
27366176	893	914	necrotizing fasciitis	T047	C0238124
27366176	930	954	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27366176	955	964	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27366176	974	979	phase	T079	C0205390
27366176	985	1002	patient recovered	T032	C1115804
27366176	1016	1036	surgical debridement	T061	C0455097

27366491|t|A Comparative Study of the Efficacy of IV Dexketoprofen, Lornoxicam, and Diclophenac Sodium on Postoperative Analgesia and Tramadol Consumption in Patients Receiving Patient-Controlled Tramadol
27366491|a|This study was designed to compare the effects of dexketoprofen, lornoxicam, and diclophenac sodium on postoperative analgesia and tramadol consumption in patients receiving postoperative patient-controlled tramadol after a major abdominal surgery. Eighty patients were randomized to receive one of the four study drugs. Patients in group dexketoprofen (DT) received IV 50 mg dexketoprofen, group lornoxicam (LR) received IV 8 mg lornoxicam, group diclophenac sodium (DS) received 75 mg IV diclophenac sodium and group saline (S) received 0.9% saline in 2 mL syringes, 20 min before the end of anaesthesia. A standardized (1 mg kg(-1)) dose of tramadol was routinely administered to all patients as the loading dose at the end of surgery. Postoperatively, whenever patients requested, they were allowed to use a tramadol patient-controlled analgesia device giving a bolus dose (0.2 mg kg(-1)) of tramadol. Pain, discomfort, and sedation scores, cumulative tramadol consumption, supplemental meperidine requirement, and side effects were recorded. Visual rating scale and patient discomfort scores were significantly lower in DT, LR and DS groups compared to those in in group S (p<0.001). Cumulative tramadol consumption was significantly lower in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)- treated groups at each study period after the second postoperative hour than in group S (p<0.001). Supplemental meperidine requirement was significantly higher in group S at each study period after postoperative 30 min than in NSAID - treated groups (p<0.01). After major abdominal surgery, adding IV diclophenac, lornoxicam or dexketoprofen to patient-controlled tramadol resulted in lower pain scores, smaller tramadol consumption, less rescue supplemental analgesic requirement, and fewer side effects compared with the tramadol alone group.
27366491	2	19	Comparative Study	T062	C1579762
27366491	27	35	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
27366491	39	41	IV	T082	C0348016
27366491	42	55	Dexketoprofen	T109,T121	C0772505
27366491	57	67	Lornoxicam	T109,T121	C0055477
27366491	73	91	Diclophenac Sodium	T121	C1254351
27366491	95	118	Postoperative Analgesia	T061	C0853389
27366491	123	131	Tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	132	143	Consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27366491	147	155	Patients	T101	C0030705
27366491	166	184	Patient-Controlled	T061	C0078944
27366491	185	193	Tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	199	204	study	T062	C2603343
27366491	209	217	designed	T052	C1707689
27366491	221	228	compare	T052	C1707455
27366491	233	243	effects of	T080	C1704420
27366491	244	257	dexketoprofen	T109,T121	C0772505
27366491	259	269	lornoxicam	T109,T121	C0055477
27366491	275	293	diclophenac sodium	T121	C1254351
27366491	297	320	postoperative analgesia	T061	C0853389
27366491	325	333	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	334	345	consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27366491	349	357	patients	T101	C0030705
27366491	368	381	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27366491	382	400	patient-controlled	T061	C0078944
27366491	401	409	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	418	423	major	T080	C0205164
27366491	424	441	abdominal surgery	T061	C0198482
27366491	450	458	patients	T101	C0030705
27366491	464	474	randomized	T033	C3815594
27366491	502	507	study	T062	C2603343
27366491	508	513	drugs	T121	C1254351
27366491	515	523	Patients	T101	C0030705
27366491	527	532	group	T078	C0441833
27366491	533	546	dexketoprofen	T109,T121	C0772505
27366491	548	550	DT	T109,T121	C0772505
27366491	561	563	IV	T082	C0348016
27366491	570	583	dexketoprofen	T109,T121	C0772505
27366491	585	590	group	T078	C0441833
27366491	591	601	lornoxicam	T109,T121	C0055477
27366491	603	605	LR	T109,T121	C0055477
27366491	616	618	IV	T082	C0348016
27366491	624	634	lornoxicam	T109,T121	C0055477
27366491	636	641	group	T078	C0441833
27366491	642	660	diclophenac sodium	T121	C1254351
27366491	662	664	DS	T121	C1254351
27366491	681	683	IV	T082	C0348016
27366491	684	702	diclophenac sodium	T121	C1254351
27366491	707	712	group	T078	C0441833
27366491	713	719	saline	T167	C0036082
27366491	721	722	S	T167	C0036082
27366491	738	744	saline	T167	C0036082
27366491	753	761	syringes	T074	C0039142
27366491	766	769	min	T079	C0439232
27366491	788	799	anaesthesia	T061	C0002903
27366491	803	815	standardized	T080	C1442989
27366491	830	834	dose	T081	C0178602
27366491	838	846	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	851	860	routinely	T080	C0205547
27366491	861	873	administered	T169	C1621583
27366491	881	889	patients	T101	C0030705
27366491	897	909	loading dose	T081	C3714444
27366491	924	931	surgery	T061	C0543467
27366491	933	948	Postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27366491	959	967	patients	T101	C0030705
27366491	1006	1014	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	1015	1050	patient-controlled analgesia device	T033	C3266095
27366491	1060	1070	bolus dose	T061	C1511237
27366491	1090	1098	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	1100	1104	Pain	T184	C0030193
27366491	1106	1116	discomfort	T184	C0231218
27366491	1122	1130	sedation	T033	C0235195
27366491	1131	1137	scores	T081	C0449820
27366491	1139	1149	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27366491	1150	1158	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	1159	1170	consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27366491	1172	1184	supplemental	T169	C2348609
27366491	1185	1195	meperidine	T109,T121	C0025376
27366491	1196	1207	requirement	T169	C1514873
27366491	1213	1225	side effects	T046	C0879626
27366491	1241	1260	Visual rating scale	T081,T170	C0681889
27366491	1265	1272	patient	T101	C0030705
27366491	1273	1283	discomfort	T184	C0231218
27366491	1284	1290	scores	T081	C0449820
27366491	1296	1309	significantly	T078	C0750502
27366491	1310	1315	lower	T052	C2003888
27366491	1319	1321	DT	T109,T121	C0772505
27366491	1323	1325	LR	T109,T121	C0055477
27366491	1330	1332	DS	T121	C1254351
27366491	1333	1339	groups	T078	C0441833
27366491	1364	1369	group	T078	C0441833
27366491	1370	1371	S	T167	C0036082
27366491	1383	1393	Cumulative	T080	C1511559
27366491	1394	1402	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	1403	1414	consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27366491	1419	1432	significantly	T078	C0750502
27366491	1433	1438	lower	T052	C2003888
27366491	1442	1478	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug	T121	C3536840
27366491	1480	1485	NSAID	T121	C3536840
27366491	1488	1495	treated	T169	C1522326
27366491	1496	1502	groups	T078	C0441833
27366491	1511	1523	study period	T062	C2347804
27366491	1541	1554	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27366491	1555	1559	hour	T079	C0439227
27366491	1568	1573	group	T078	C0441833
27366491	1574	1575	S	T167	C0036082
27366491	1587	1599	Supplemental	T169	C2348609
27366491	1600	1610	meperidine	T109,T121	C0025376
27366491	1611	1622	requirement	T169	C1514873
27366491	1627	1640	significantly	T078	C0750502
27366491	1651	1656	group	T078	C0441833
27366491	1657	1658	S	T167	C0036082
27366491	1667	1679	study period	T062	C2347804
27366491	1686	1699	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27366491	1703	1706	min	T079	C0439232
27366491	1715	1720	NSAID	T121	C3536840
27366491	1723	1730	treated	T169	C1522326
27366491	1731	1737	groups	T078	C0441833
27366491	1754	1759	major	T080	C0205164
27366491	1760	1777	abdominal surgery	T061	C0198482
27366491	1786	1788	IV	T082	C0348016
27366491	1789	1800	diclophenac	T109,T121	C0012091
27366491	1802	1812	lornoxicam	T109,T121	C0055477
27366491	1816	1829	dexketoprofen	T109,T121	C0772505
27366491	1833	1851	patient-controlled	T061	C0078944
27366491	1852	1860	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	1873	1878	lower	T052	C2003888
27366491	1879	1883	pain	T184	C0030193
27366491	1884	1890	scores	T081	C0449820
27366491	1892	1899	smaller	T080	C0547044
27366491	1900	1908	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	1909	1920	consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27366491	1934	1946	supplemental	T169	C2348609
27366491	1947	1956	analgesic	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27366491	1957	1968	requirement	T169	C1514873
27366491	1980	1992	side effects	T046	C0879626
27366491	2011	2019	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27366491	2026	2031	group	T078	C0441833

27366508|t|Does Video Laryngoscopy Offer Advantages over Direct Laryngoscopy during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation?
27366508|a|Interruption of chest compressions should be minimized because of its negative effects on survival. This randomized, controlled, cross-over study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of Macintosh, Miller, McCoy and McGrath laryngoscopes during with or without chest compressions in the scope of a simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation scenario. The time required for successful tracheal intubation, number of attempts, dental trauma severity and the need for optimization manoeuvres were recorded during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with and without chest compressions. The experience with computer games during the last 10 years were asked to the participants and recorded. McCoy laryngoscope yielded the shortest time for successful tracheal intubation both in the presence of and without chest compressions. During the use of McCoy laryngoscopes, fewer tracheal intubation attempts, lower incidence of dental trauma and lower visual analogue scale scores on the ease of intubation were recorded. Participants who are experienced computer game players using Macintosh, McCoy and McGrath achieved successful tracheal intubation in a significantly shorter time during resuscitation without chest compressions. Dental trauma incidence and number of tracheal intubation attempts did not show any significant difference between the four laryngoscopes being related to the rate of playing computer games. McGrath video laryngoscopes do not appear to have advantages over direct laryngoscopes for securing a smooth and successful tracheal intubation during rhythmic chest compressions. We believe that as McCoy laryngoscope provided tracheal intubation in a shorter time and with fewer attempts, this laryngoscope may increase the success rate of resuscitation.
27366508	5	23	Video Laryngoscopy	T074	C2363575
27366508	30	40	Advantages	T080	C0205556
27366508	46	65	Direct Laryngoscopy	T060	C0392823
27366508	66	72	during	T079	C0347984
27366508	73	102	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation	T061	C0007203
27366508	104	116	Interruption	T079	C1512900
27366508	120	138	chest compressions	T058	C4032596
27366508	149	158	minimized	T080	C0392756
27366508	174	182	negative	T033	C0205160
27366508	183	190	effects	T080	C1280500
27366508	194	202	survival	T081	C0038954
27366508	209	219	randomized	T062	C0034656
27366508	221	231	controlled	T169	C2587213
27366508	233	249	cross-over study	T062	C0150097
27366508	250	255	aimed	T078	C1947946
27366508	259	266	analyze	T062	C0936012
27366508	271	284	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27366508	288	297	Macintosh	T074	C1531939
27366508	299	305	Miller	T074	C1532566
27366508	307	312	McCoy	T074	C0563580
27366508	317	338	McGrath laryngoscopes	T074	C0180453
27366508	339	345	during	T079	C0347984
27366508	362	380	chest compressions	T058	C4032596
27366508	388	393	scope	T077	C1710028
27366508	409	438	cardiopulmonary resuscitation	T061	C0007203
27366508	439	447	scenario	T169	C0683579
27366508	453	457	time	T079	C0040223
27366508	458	466	required	T169	C1514873
27366508	471	481	successful	T080	C1272703
27366508	482	501	tracheal intubation	T061	C0021932
27366508	503	521	number of attempts	T201	C3163850
27366508	523	536	dental trauma	T037	C1301685
27366508	537	545	severity	T080	C0439793
27366508	554	558	need	T080	C0027552
27366508	563	575	optimization	T052	C2698650
27366508	576	586	manoeuvres	T052	C0441655
27366508	592	600	recorded	T033	C0243095
27366508	601	607	during	T079	C0347984
27366508	608	637	cardiopulmonary resuscitation	T061	C0007203
27366508	655	673	chest compressions	T058	C4032596
27366508	679	689	experience	T041	C0596545
27366508	695	709	computer games	T073	C0870328
27366508	710	716	during	T079	C0347984
27366508	729	734	years	T079	C0439234
27366508	753	765	participants	T098	C0679646
27366508	770	778	recorded	T033	C0243095
27366508	780	798	McCoy laryngoscope	T074	C0563580
27366508	811	824	shortest time	T079	C0040223
27366508	829	839	successful	T080	C1272703
27366508	840	859	tracheal intubation	T061	C0021932
27366508	872	880	presence	T033	C0150312
27366508	896	914	chest compressions	T058	C4032596
27366508	916	922	During	T079	C0347984
27366508	927	930	use	T169	C0042153
27366508	934	953	McCoy laryngoscopes	T074	C0563580
27366508	955	960	fewer	T081	C0205388
27366508	961	980	tracheal intubation	T061	C0021932
27366508	981	989	attempts	T051	C1516084
27366508	991	1006	lower incidence	T081	C0021149
27366508	1010	1023	dental trauma	T037	C1301685
27366508	1028	1033	lower	T052	C2003888
27366508	1034	1062	visual analogue scale scores	T201	C2960751
27366508	1078	1088	intubation	T061	C0021925
27366508	1094	1102	recorded	T033	C0243095
27366508	1104	1116	Participants	T098	C0679646
27366508	1125	1136	experienced	T041	C0596545
27366508	1137	1150	computer game	T073	C0870328
27366508	1151	1158	players	T098	C1257890
27366508	1165	1174	Macintosh	T074	C1531939
27366508	1176	1181	McCoy	T074	C0563580
27366508	1186	1193	McGrath	T074	C0180453
27366508	1194	1202	achieved	T033	C0432600
27366508	1203	1213	successful	T080	C1272703
27366508	1214	1233	tracheal intubation	T061	C0021932
27366508	1239	1252	significantly	T078	C0750502
27366508	1253	1265	shorter time	T079	C0040223
27366508	1266	1272	during	T079	C0347984
27366508	1273	1286	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
27366508	1295	1313	chest compressions	T058	C4032596
27366508	1315	1328	Dental trauma	T037	C1301685
27366508	1329	1338	incidence	T081	C0021149
27366508	1343	1349	number	T081	C0237753
27366508	1353	1372	tracheal intubation	T061	C0021932
27366508	1373	1381	attempts	T051	C1516084
27366508	1399	1410	significant	T078	C0750502
27366508	1411	1421	difference	T080	C1705242
27366508	1434	1438	four	T081	C0205450
27366508	1439	1452	laryngoscopes	T074	C0180453
27366508	1474	1478	rate	T081	C1521828
27366508	1482	1489	playing	T052	C0441655
27366508	1490	1504	computer games	T073	C0870328
27366508	1506	1533	McGrath video laryngoscopes	T074	C2363575
27366508	1556	1566	advantages	T080	C0205556
27366508	1572	1592	direct laryngoscopes	T060	C0392823
27366508	1608	1614	smooth	T080	C0205556
27366508	1619	1629	successful	T080	C1272703
27366508	1630	1649	tracheal intubation	T061	C0021932
27366508	1650	1656	during	T079	C0347984
27366508	1657	1684	rhythmic chest compressions	T058	C4032596
27366508	1705	1723	McCoy laryngoscope	T074	C0563580
27366508	1724	1732	provided	T052	C1999230
27366508	1733	1752	tracheal intubation	T061	C0021932
27366508	1758	1770	shorter time	T079	C0040223
27366508	1780	1785	fewer	T081	C0205388
27366508	1786	1794	attempts	T051	C1516084
27366508	1801	1813	laryngoscope	T074	C0180453
27366508	1818	1826	increase	T169	C0442805
27366508	1831	1843	success rate	T081	C1521828
27366508	1847	1860	resuscitation	T061	C0035273

27366556|t|Perioperative Management of Severe Hypertension during Laparoscopic Surgery for Pheochromocytoma
27366556|a|Phaeochromocytoma is a catecholamine-secreting vascular tumour that is derived from chromaffin cell. Lethal cardiovascular complications, such as serious hypertension, myocardial infarction and aortic dissection, may occur because of uncontrolled catecholamine release. Each stage of anaesthesia management has vital importance because of this destructive catecholamine secretion that may occur during induction, perioperative stage and surgical manipulation. In this study, we report regarding the preoperative preparation and severe, persistent hypertension attack management with a combination of α-adrenergic blockade, β-adrenergic blockade, sodium nitroprusside and remifentanil in a patient who underwent laparoscopic surgery for phaeochromocytoma.
27366556	0	24	Perioperative Management	T058	C0150706
27366556	28	47	Severe Hypertension	T033	C4013784
27366556	55	75	Laparoscopic Surgery	T061	C0751429
27366556	80	96	Pheochromocytoma	T191	C0031511
27366556	97	114	Phaeochromocytoma	T191	C0031511
27366556	120	143	catecholamine-secreting	T043	C1325901
27366556	144	159	vascular tumour	T191	C0282607
27366556	181	196	chromaffin cell	T025	C0376604
27366556	198	204	Lethal	T033	C3151529
27366556	205	233	cardiovascular complications	T046	C0161816
27366556	251	263	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27366556	265	286	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27366556	291	308	aortic dissection	T047	C0340643
27366556	331	365	uncontrolled catecholamine release	T191	C0271748
27366556	372	377	stage	T079	C0205390
27366556	381	403	anaesthesia management	T061	C1300200
27366556	441	476	destructive catecholamine secretion	T191	C0271748
27366556	499	508	induction	T061	C0857127
27366556	510	529	perioperative stage	T079	C1518988
27366556	534	555	surgical manipulation	T061	C0185111
27366556	596	620	preoperative preparation	T058	C0150706
27366556	625	674	severe, persistent hypertension attack management	T058	C1254363
27366556	697	718	α-adrenergic blockade	T121	C3536752
27366556	720	741	β-adrenergic blockade	T121	C3536830
27366556	743	763	sodium nitroprusside	T109,T121	C0037533
27366556	768	780	remifentanil	T109,T121	C0246631
27366556	786	793	patient	T101	C0030705
27366556	808	828	laparoscopic surgery	T061	C0751429
27366556	833	850	phaeochromocytoma	T191	C0031511

27367915|t|A case study of the introduction of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (®) in Poland
27367915|a|The development of a nursing practice, improvements in nurses' autonomy, and increased professional and personal responsibility for the medical services provided all require professional documentation with records of health status assessments, decisions undertaken, actions and their outcomes for each patient. The International Classification for Nursing Practice is a tool that meets all of these needs, and although it requires continuous evaluation, it offers professional documentation and communication in the practitioner and researcher community. The aim of this paper is to present a theoretical critique of an issue related to policy and experience of the current situation in Polish nursing - especially of the efforts to standardize nursing practices through the introduction and development of the Classification in Poland. Despite extensive promotion and training by International Council of Nurses members worldwide, there are still many countries where the Classification has not been implemented as a standard tool in healthcare facilities. Recently, a number of initiatives were undertaken in cooperation with the local and state authorities to disseminate the Classification in healthcare facilities. Thanks to intense efforts by the Polish Nurses Association and the International Council of Nurses Accredited Center for ICNP (®) Research & Development at the Medical University of Łódź, the Classification is known in Poland and has been tested at several centres. Nevertheless, an actual implementation that would allow for national and international interoperability requires strategic governmental decisions and close cooperation with information technology companies operating in the country. Discussing the barriers to the implementation of the Classification can improve understanding of it and its use. At a policy level, decision makers need to understand that use Classification in eHealth services and tools it is necessary to achieve interoperability.
27367915	2	12	case study	T170	C0085973
27367915	20	32	introduction	T169	C0579004
27367915	40	89	International Classification for Nursing Practice	T170	C1998957
27367915	97	103	Poland	T083	C0032356
27367915	108	119	development	T169	C1527148
27367915	125	141	nursing practice	T058	C0028687
27367915	159	175	nurses' autonomy	T078	C0085518
27367915	191	203	professional	UnknownType	C0680933
27367915	208	231	personal responsibility	T055	C0814099
27367915	240	256	medical services	T058	C0199168
27367915	278	304	professional documentation	T170	C0920316
27367915	310	334	records of health status	T170	C0679919
27367915	335	346	assessments	T058	C0028680
27367915	348	368	decisions undertaken	T033	C4061230
27367915	370	377	actions	T169	C0441472
27367915	388	396	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27367915	406	413	patient	T101	C0030705
27367915	419	468	International Classification for Nursing Practice	T170	C1998957
27367915	546	556	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27367915	568	594	professional documentation	T170	C0920316
27367915	599	612	communication	T054	C0009452
27367915	620	632	practitioner	T097	C1709627
27367915	637	657	researcher community	T062	C2350575
27367915	697	717	theoretical critique	T062	C0010341
27367915	724	729	issue	T033	C0033213
27367915	741	747	policy	T170	C0242456
27367915	791	797	Polish	T083	C0032356
27367915	798	805	nursing	T091	C0028677
27367915	849	866	nursing practices	T058	C0028687
27367915	879	891	introduction	T169	C0579004
27367915	896	907	development	T169	C1527148
27367915	915	929	Classification	T185	C0008902
27367915	933	939	Poland	T083	C0032356
27367915	949	968	extensive promotion	T052	C0033414
27367915	973	981	training	T065	C0220931
27367915	985	1016	International Council of Nurses	T094	C0021786
27367915	1017	1024	members	T098	C0680022
27367915	1057	1066	countries	T083	C0454664
27367915	1077	1091	Classification	T185	C0008902
27367915	1105	1116	implemented	T052	C1708476
27367915	1139	1160	healthcare facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27367915	1215	1226	cooperation	T054	C0392337
27367915	1236	1241	local	T097	C3263666
27367915	1246	1263	state authorities	T054	C0599437
27367915	1267	1278	disseminate	T082	C0205221
27367915	1283	1297	Classification	T185	C0008902
27367915	1301	1322	healthcare facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27367915	1342	1349	efforts	T170	C3174285
27367915	1357	1382	Polish Nurses Association	T093	C1708333
27367915	1391	1422	International Council of Nurses	T094	C0021786
27367915	1445	1449	ICNP	T170	C1998957
27367915	1454	1476	Research & Development	T062	C0035170
27367915	1484	1510	Medical University of Łódź	T093	C1708333
27367915	1516	1530	Classification	T185	C0008902
27367915	1543	1549	Poland	T083	C0032356
27367915	1614	1628	implementation	T052	C1708476
27367915	1663	1676	international	T078	C1512888
27367915	1677	1693	interoperability	T033	C0243095
27367915	1703	1735	strategic governmental decisions	T090	C0011108
27367915	1746	1757	cooperation	T054	C0392337
27367915	1763	1785	information technology	UnknownType	C0814938
27367915	1786	1795	companies	T073,T092	C0683757
27367915	1813	1820	country	T083	C0454664
27367915	1837	1845	barriers	T033	C4296486
27367915	1853	1867	implementation	T052	C1708476
27367915	1875	1889	Classification	T185	C0008902
27367915	1894	1901	improve	T033	C0184511
27367915	1940	1946	policy	T170	C0242456
27367915	1998	2012	Classification	T185	C0008902
27367915	2016	2032	eHealth services	T058	C0018747
27367915	2070	2086	interoperability	T033	C0243095

27370179|t|A case based reflection on communicating end of life information in non-English speaking patients
27370179|a|Mr X was a 56 year old Chinese man (non-English speaking), who presented to the emergency department with a range of non-specific symptoms. On full workup, he was diagnosed with an advanced cancer of the pancreas. It was an aggressive, highly treatment resistant cancer, with an alarmingly poor prognosis. Before the diagnosis had been made, the family had informed our team that we were not to discuss medical issues with Mr X directly, and that upon arriving on a diagnosis we were to come to them first and they would subsequently inform him. They reported that Mr X was in support of this arrangement. Eventually we told the family about Mr X's diagnosis, and they asserted their collective will to keep this information from him, reaffirming that all medical discussion go through them. However, the doctor in charge explained the diagnosis to Mr X using an interpreter while his family were away from his bed. In this discussion, I consider this case from the perspective of respecting patients' and families' preferences around medical treatment and care.
27370179	2	6	case	T169	C0868928
27370179	13	23	reflection	T033	C0243095
27370179	27	44	communicating end	T169	C0205196
27370179	48	52	life	T078	C0376558
27370179	53	64	information	T078	C1533716
27370179	68	88	non-English speaking	T033	C1546417
27370179	89	97	patients	T101	C0030705
27370179	112	120	year old	T079	C1510829
27370179	121	128	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27370179	129	132	man	T098	C0025266
27370179	134	154	non-English speaking	T033	C1546417
27370179	178	198	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27370179	215	227	non-specific	T080	C0205370
27370179	228	236	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27370179	261	270	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27370179	279	310	advanced cancer of the pancreas	T191	C0235974
27370179	322	332	aggressive	T191	C2945759
27370179	341	367	treatment resistant cancer	T047	C0871547
27370179	388	402	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27370179	415	424	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27370179	444	450	family	T099	C0015576
27370179	468	472	team	T058	C0086390
27370179	501	508	medical	T169	C0205476
27370179	509	515	issues	T033	C0033213
27370179	564	573	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27370179	675	682	support	T077	C1521721
27370179	727	733	family	T099	C0015576
27370179	747	756	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27370179	782	797	collective will	UnknownType	C0680341
27370179	811	822	information	T078	C1533716
27370179	854	861	medical	T169	C0205476
27370179	862	872	discussion	T061	C0557061
27370179	903	919	doctor in charge	T097	C0031831
27370179	934	943	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27370179	961	972	interpreter	T097	C0150646
27370179	983	989	family	T099	C0015576
27370179	1009	1012	bed	T073	C0004916
27370179	1050	1054	case	T169	C0868928
27370179	1079	1125	respecting patients' and families' preferences	T061	C1279750
27370179	1133	1159	medical treatment and care	T058	C0237726

27371349|t|A Cyclin D2 -derived peptide acts on specific cell cycle phases by activating ERK1/2 to cause the death of breast cancer cells
27371349|a|Protein degradation by the proteasome generates functional intracellular peptides. Pep5, a peptide derived from Cyclin D2, induces cell death in tumor cell lines and reduces the volume of rat C6 glioblastoma tumors in vivo. Here, we chose the human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to evaluate the mechanism of cell death induced by pep5 in different phases of the cell cycle. Fluorescently labeled pep5, monitored by real time confocal microscopy, entered the MDA-MB-231 cells 3min after application and localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm. Pep5 - induced cell death was increased when the MDA-MB-231 cell population was arrested at the G1/S transition or in S phase compared to asynchronous cells. Pep5 induced permanent extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in MDA-MB-231 cells synchronized in G1/S or S phase. Affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry identified CLIC1 and Plectin as the only two proteins that interacted with pep5 in both asynchronous and synchronized MDA-MB-231 cells. These interactions could explain the long-lasting ERK1/2 phosphorylation and the cytoskeleton perturbations in the MDA-MB-231 cells, in which the stress fibers ' integrity is affected by pep5 treatments. These data suggest that pep5 has potential therapeutic properties for treating specific types of cancers, such as breast cancer cells. Pep5, a natural intracellular peptide formed by the degradation of Cyclin D2 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, induces cell death when reintroduced into MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, which express low levels of Cyclin D2, specifically in G1/S arrested cells or in cells that are passing through S phase. Under these conditions, pep5 is able to interact with different intracellular proteins, primarily cytoskeleton and proteasome components, which can lead to cellular apoptosis. Together, our data suggest that pep5 is an intracellular peptide with therapeutic potential for treating specific types of tumors with low expression of Cyclin D2 by inhibiting cell proliferation.
27371349	2	11	Cyclin D2	T116,T123	C2718191
27371349	21	28	peptide	T116	C0030956
27371349	37	45	specific	T080	C0205369
27371349	46	63	cell cycle phases	T043	C1516337
27371349	67	77	activating	T052	C1879547
27371349	78	84	ERK1/2	T116,T126	C0600388
27371349	88	103	cause the death	T033	C0007465
27371349	107	126	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27371349	127	146	Protein degradation	T044	C0597304
27371349	154	164	proteasome	T044	C1752727
27371349	175	185	functional	T169	C0205245
27371349	186	199	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27371349	200	208	peptides	T116	C0030956
27371349	210	214	Pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	218	225	peptide	T116	C0030956
27371349	239	248	Cyclin D2	T116,T123	C2718191
27371349	250	257	induces	T169	C0205263
27371349	258	268	cell death	T043	C0007587
27371349	272	288	tumor cell lines	T025	C0085983
27371349	293	300	reduces	T080	C0392756
27371349	305	311	volume	T081	C0449468
27371349	315	318	rat	T015	C0034693
27371349	319	341	C6 glioblastoma tumors	T191	C0017636
27371349	342	349	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27371349	370	386	human MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27371349	387	406	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27371349	410	418	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27371349	423	446	mechanism of cell death	T043	C1708951
27371349	447	454	induced	T169	C0205263
27371349	458	462	pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	466	475	different	T080	C1705242
27371349	476	500	phases of the cell cycle	T043	C1516337
27371349	502	523	Fluorescently labeled	T059	C0079367
27371349	524	528	pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	543	572	real time confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
27371349	586	596	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27371349	597	602	cells	T025	C1512505
27371349	630	639	localized	T082	C0392752
27371349	647	654	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27371349	659	668	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27371349	670	674	Pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	677	684	induced	T169	C0205263
27371349	685	695	cell death	T043	C0007587
27371349	700	709	increased	T081	C0205217
27371349	719	729	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27371349	730	745	cell population	T025	C1512505
27371349	750	758	arrested	T079	C0237477
27371349	766	781	G1/S transition	T044	C1517341
27371349	788	795	S phase	T079	C0080129
27371349	796	804	compared	T052	C1707455
27371349	808	820	asynchronous	T079	C0439581
27371349	821	826	cells	T025	C0007634
27371349	828	832	Pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	833	840	induced	T169	C0205263
27371349	841	850	permanent	T079	C0205355
27371349	851	888	extracellular signal-regulated kinase	T116,T126	C0600388
27371349	890	896	ERK1/2	T116,T126	C0600388
27371349	898	913	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27371349	917	927	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27371349	928	933	cells	T025	C1512505
27371349	934	946	synchronized	T079	C0439580
27371349	950	954	G1/S	T044	C1517341
27371349	958	965	S phase	T079	C0080129
27371349	967	990	Affinity chromatography	T059	C0008551
27371349	1003	1020	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27371349	1021	1031	identified	T080	C0205396
27371349	1032	1037	CLIC1	T116,T123	C1314856
27371349	1042	1049	Plectin	T116,T123	C0071277
27371349	1066	1074	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27371349	1080	1090	interacted	T169	C1704675
27371349	1096	1100	pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	1109	1121	asynchronous	T079	C0439581
27371349	1126	1138	synchronized	T079	C0439580
27371349	1139	1149	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27371349	1150	1155	cells	T025	C1512505
27371349	1163	1175	interactions	T169	C1704675
27371349	1207	1213	ERK1/2	T116,T126	C0600388
27371349	1214	1229	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27371349	1238	1250	cytoskeleton	T026	C0010853
27371349	1251	1264	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27371349	1272	1282	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27371349	1283	1288	cells	T025	C1512505
27371349	1303	1316	stress fibers	T026	C0887904
27371349	1319	1328	integrity	T080	C1947912
27371349	1344	1348	pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	1349	1359	treatments	T061	C0087111
27371349	1367	1371	data	T078	C1511726
27371349	1385	1389	pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	1394	1403	potential	T080	C3245505
27371349	1404	1415	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27371349	1416	1426	properties	T080	C0871161
27371349	1431	1439	treating	T061	C0087111
27371349	1440	1454	specific types	T080	C0332307
27371349	1458	1465	cancers	T191	C0006826
27371349	1475	1494	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27371349	1496	1500	Pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	1512	1525	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27371349	1526	1533	peptide	T116	C0030956
27371349	1548	1572	degradation of Cyclin D2	T044	C0597304
27371349	1585	1612	ubiquitin-proteasome system	T044	C1523807
27371349	1614	1621	induces	T169	C0205263
27371349	1622	1632	cell death	T043	C0007587
27371349	1656	1666	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27371349	1667	1686	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27371349	1702	1712	low levels	T080	C0441889
27371349	1716	1725	Cyclin D2	T116,T123	C2718191
27371349	1743	1747	G1/S	T044	C1517341
27371349	1748	1762	arrested cells	T025	C0007634
27371349	1769	1774	cells	T025	C0007634
27371349	1800	1807	S phase	T079	C0080129
27371349	1833	1837	pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	1849	1857	interact	T169	C1704675
27371349	1873	1886	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27371349	1887	1895	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27371349	1907	1919	cytoskeleton	T026	C0010853
27371349	1924	1945	proteasome components	T116,T126	C0208355
27371349	1957	1961	lead	T169	C1522538
27371349	1965	1983	cellular apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27371349	1999	2003	data	T078	C1511726
27371349	2017	2021	pep5	T116	C0030956
27371349	2028	2041	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27371349	2042	2049	peptide	T116	C0030956
27371349	2055	2066	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27371349	2067	2076	potential	T080	C3245505
27371349	2081	2089	treating	T061	C0087111
27371349	2090	2104	specific types	T080	C0332307
27371349	2108	2114	tumors	T191	C0027651
27371349	2120	2123	low	T080	C0205251
27371349	2124	2134	expression	T045	C1171362
27371349	2138	2147	Cyclin D2	T116,T123	C2718191
27371349	2151	2161	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27371349	2162	2180	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290

27371352|t|Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and offspring body composition: The Healthy Start Study
27371352|a|Consistent evidence of an influence of maternal dietary intake during pregnancy on infant body size and composition in human populations is lacking, despite robust evidence in animal models. We sought to evaluate the influence of maternal macronutrient intake and balance during pregnancy on neonatal body size and composition, including fat mass and fat-free mass. The analysis was conducted among 1040 mother - offspring pairs enrolled in the prospective prebirth observational cohort: the Healthy Start Study. Diet during pregnancy was collected using repeated 24- hour dietary recalls (up to 8). Direct measures of body composition were obtained using air displacement plethysmography. The National Cancer Institute measurement error model was used to estimate usual dietary intake during pregnancy. Multivariable partition (nonisocaloric) and nutrient density (isocaloric) linear regression models were used to test the associations between maternal dietary intake and neonatal body composition. The median macronutrient composition during pregnancy was 32.2% from fat, 15.0% from protein, and 47.8% from carbohydrates. In the partition multivariate regression model, individual macronutrient intake values were not associated with birthweight or fat-free mass, but were associated with fat mass. Respectively, 418 kJ increases in total fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and total carbohydrates were associated with 4.2-g (P = .03), 11.1-g (P = .003), 5.9-g (P = .04), and 2.9-g (P = .02) increases in neonatal fat mass, independent of prepregnancy body mass index. In the nutrient density multivariate regression model, macronutrient balance was not associated with fat mass, fat-free mass, or birthweight after adjustment for prepregnancy body mass index. Neonatal adiposity, but not birthweight, is independently associated with increased maternal intake of total fat, saturated fat, unsaturated fat, and total carbohydrates, but not protein, suggesting that most forms of increased caloric intake contribute to fetal fat accretion.
27371352	0	8	Maternal	T099	C0026591
27371352	9	23	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
27371352	31	40	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27371352	45	54	offspring	T099	C0680063
27371352	55	71	body composition	T032	C0005885
27371352	77	96	Healthy Start Study	T062	C2603343
27371352	108	116	evidence	T078	C3887511
27371352	123	132	influence	T077	C4054723
27371352	136	144	maternal	T099	C0026591
27371352	145	159	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
27371352	167	176	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27371352	180	186	infant	T100	C0021270
27371352	187	196	body size	T032	C0005901
27371352	201	212	composition	T032	C0005885
27371352	216	221	human	T016	C0086418
27371352	222	233	populations	T098	C1257890
27371352	261	269	evidence	T078	C3887511
27371352	273	286	animal models	T008	C0599779
27371352	301	309	evaluate	T169	C1292732
27371352	314	323	influence	T077	C4054723
27371352	327	335	maternal	T099	C0026591
27371352	336	349	macronutrient	T077	C2346926
27371352	350	356	intake	T040	C1286104
27371352	376	385	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27371352	389	397	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27371352	398	407	body size	T032	C0005901
27371352	412	423	composition	T032	C0005885
27371352	435	443	fat mass	T032	C3656665
27371352	448	461	fat-free mass	T033	C0518010
27371352	467	475	analysis	T062	C0936012
27371352	501	507	mother	T099	C0026591
27371352	510	519	offspring	T099	C0680063
27371352	520	525	pairs	T080	C1709450
27371352	542	583	prospective prebirth observational cohort	T081	C0009247
27371352	589	608	Healthy Start Study	T062	C2603343
27371352	610	614	Diet	T168	C0012155
27371352	622	631	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27371352	636	645	collected	T078	C1516695
27371352	665	669	hour	T079	C0439227
27371352	670	677	dietary	T168	C0012155
27371352	697	703	Direct	T080	C1947931
27371352	704	712	measures	T081	C0079809
27371352	716	732	body composition	T032	C0005885
27371352	753	785	air displacement plethysmography	T060	C0032224
27371352	791	816	National Cancer Institute	T093	C1513882
27371352	817	840	measurement error model	T170	C3161035
27371352	868	882	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
27371352	890	899	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27371352	901	940	Multivariable partition (nonisocaloric)	T170	C0034980
27371352	945	999	nutrient density (isocaloric) linear regression models	T170	C0034980
27371352	1043	1051	maternal	T099	C0026591
27371352	1052	1066	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
27371352	1071	1079	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27371352	1080	1096	body composition	T032	C0005885
27371352	1109	1134	macronutrient composition	T077	C2346926
27371352	1142	1151	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27371352	1167	1170	fat	T109,T168	C0012171
27371352	1183	1190	protein	T168	C0453858
27371352	1207	1220	carbohydrates	T168	C0453802
27371352	1229	1268	partition multivariate regression model	T170	C0034980
27371352	1270	1280	individual	T098	C0237401
27371352	1281	1294	macronutrient	T077	C2346926
27371352	1295	1301	intake	T040	C1286104
27371352	1302	1308	values	T080	C0042295
27371352	1334	1345	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27371352	1349	1362	fat-free mass	T033	C0518010
27371352	1389	1397	fat mass	T032	C3656665
27371352	1433	1442	total fat	T109,T168	C0012171
27371352	1444	1457	saturated fat	UnknownType	C0682953
27371352	1459	1474	unsaturated fat	T109,T168	C0012172
27371352	1480	1499	total carbohydrates	T168	C0453802
27371352	1607	1615	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27371352	1616	1624	fat mass	T032	C3656665
27371352	1641	1669	prepregnancy body mass index	T201	C1305855
27371352	1678	1724	nutrient density multivariate regression model	T170	C0034980
27371352	1726	1739	macronutrient	T077	C2346926
27371352	1772	1780	fat mass	T032	C3656665
27371352	1782	1795	fat-free mass	T033	C0518010
27371352	1800	1811	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27371352	1833	1861	prepregnancy body mass index	T201	C1305855
27371352	1863	1871	Neonatal	T100	C0021289
27371352	1872	1881	adiposity	T032	C1563743
27371352	1891	1902	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27371352	1947	1955	maternal	T099	C0026591
27371352	1956	1962	intake	T040	C1286104
27371352	1966	1975	total fat	T109,T168	C0012171
27371352	1977	1990	saturated fat	UnknownType	C0682953
27371352	1992	2007	unsaturated fat	T109,T168	C0012172
27371352	2013	2032	total carbohydrates	T168	C0453802
27371352	2042	2049	protein	T168	C0453858
27371352	2081	2090	increased	T081	C0205217
27371352	2091	2105	caloric intake	T081	C0006777
27371352	2120	2125	fetal	T018	C0015965
27371352	2126	2139	fat accretion	T033	C4055506

27371369|t|Difference-in-Differences Method in Comparative Effectiveness Research: Utility with Unbalanced Groups
27371369|a|Comparative effectiveness research (CER) often includes observational studies utilizing administrative data. Multiple conditioning methods can be used for CER to adjust for group differences, including difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation. This study presents DiD and demonstrates how to apply this conditioning method to estimate treatment outcomes in the CER setting by utilizing the MarketScan® Databases for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients receiving different therapies. The sample included 6762 patients, with 363 in the Test Cohort [glatiramer acetate (GA) switched to fingolimod (FTY)] and 6399 in the Control Cohort (GA only, no switch) from a US administrative claims database. A trend analysis was conducted to rule out concerns regarding regression to the mean and to compare relapse rates among treatment cohorts. DiD analysis was used to enable comparisons among the Test and Control Cohorts. Logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of relapse after switching from GA to FTY, and to compare group differences in the pre - and post - index periods. Crude DiD analysis showed that in the pre - index period more patients in the Test Cohort experienced an MS relapse and had a higher mean number of relapses than in the Control Cohort. During the pre - index period, numeric and relative data for MS relapses in patients in the Test Cohort were significantly higher than in the Control Cohort, while no significant between- group differences emerged during the post - index period. Generalized linear modeling with DiD regression estimation showed that the mean number of MS relapses decreased significantly in the post - index period among patients in the Test Cohort compared with patients in the Control Cohort. In this study, an MS population was utilized to demonstrate how DiD can be applied to estimate treatment effects in a heterogeneous population, where the Test and Control Cohorts varied greatly. The results show that DiD offers a robust method for comparing diverse cohorts when other risk-adjustment methods may not be adequate.
27371369	0	32	Difference-in-Differences Method	T062	C1710191
27371369	36	70	Comparative Effectiveness Research	T062	C2718022
27371369	85	102	Unbalanced Groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27371369	103	137	Comparative effectiveness research	T062	C2718022
27371369	139	142	CER	T062	C2718022
27371369	159	180	observational studies	T170	C3658316
27371369	191	210	administrative data	T033	C1320722
27371369	258	261	CER	T062	C2718022
27371369	276	281	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27371369	282	293	differences	T080	C1705242
27371369	305	347	difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation	T062	C1710191
27371369	369	372	DiD	T062	C1710191
27371369	421	427	method	T170	C0025663
27371369	440	458	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
27371369	466	469	CER	T062	C2718022
27371369	495	516	MarketScan® Databases	T170	C0242356
27371369	521	539	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27371369	541	543	MS	T047	C0026769
27371369	545	553	patients	T101	C0030705
27371369	574	583	therapies	T061	C0087111
27371369	610	618	patients	T101	C0030705
27371369	636	647	Test Cohort	T098	C2348484
27371369	649	667	glatiramer acetate	T116,T121	C0289884
27371369	669	671	GA	T116,T121	C0289884
27371369	673	681	switched	T058	C2936279
27371369	685	695	fingolimod	T109,T121,T129	C1699926
27371369	697	700	FTY	T109,T121,T129	C1699926
27371369	719	733	Control Cohort	T096	C0009932
27371369	735	737	GA	T116,T121	C0289884
27371369	744	753	no switch	T033	C0243095
27371369	762	795	US administrative claims database	T170	C0242356
27371369	799	813	trend analysis	UnknownType	C0681702
27371369	859	869	regression	T170	C0034980
27371369	877	881	mean	T081	C0444504
27371369	897	904	relapse	T067	C0035020
27371369	917	934	treatment cohorts	T098	C2348484
27371369	936	948	DiD analysis	T062	C1710191
27371369	968	979	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27371369	990	994	Test	T098	C2348484
27371369	999	1014	Control Cohorts	T096	C0009932
27371369	1016	1035	Logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27371369	1061	1072	probability	T081	C0033204
27371369	1076	1083	relapse	T067	C0035020
27371369	1090	1099	switching	T058	C2936279
27371369	1105	1107	GA	T116,T121	C0289884
27371369	1111	1114	FTY	T109,T121,T129	C1699926
27371369	1123	1130	compare	T052	C1707455
27371369	1131	1136	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27371369	1137	1148	differences	T080	C1705242
27371369	1156	1159	pre	T079	C0332152
27371369	1166	1170	post	T079	C0687676
27371369	1173	1186	index periods	T079	C1948053
27371369	1194	1206	DiD analysis	T062	C1710191
27371369	1226	1229	pre	T079	C0332152
27371369	1232	1244	index period	T079	C1948053
27371369	1250	1258	patients	T101	C0030705
27371369	1266	1277	Test Cohort	T098	C2348484
27371369	1293	1295	MS	T047	C0026769
27371369	1296	1303	relapse	T067	C0035020
27371369	1321	1332	mean number	T081	C0444504
27371369	1336	1344	relapses	T067	C0035020
27371369	1357	1371	Control Cohort	T096	C0009932
27371369	1384	1387	pre	T079	C0332152
27371369	1390	1402	index period	T079	C1948053
27371369	1404	1411	numeric	T080	C1704455
27371369	1434	1436	MS	T047	C0026769
27371369	1437	1445	relapses	T067	C0035020
27371369	1449	1457	patients	T101	C0030705
27371369	1465	1476	Test Cohort	T098	C2348484
27371369	1515	1529	Control Cohort	T096	C0009932
27371369	1537	1551	no significant	T033	C1273937
27371369	1561	1566	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27371369	1567	1578	differences	T080	C1705242
27371369	1598	1602	post	T079	C0687676
27371369	1605	1617	index period	T079	C1948053
27371369	1631	1646	linear modeling	T081	C0023732
27371369	1652	1655	DiD	T062	C1710191
27371369	1656	1677	regression estimation	UnknownType	C0681925
27371369	1709	1711	MS	T047	C0026769
27371369	1712	1720	relapses	T067	C0035020
27371369	1752	1756	post	T079	C0687676
27371369	1759	1771	index period	T079	C1948053
27371369	1778	1786	patients	T101	C0030705
27371369	1794	1805	Test Cohort	T098	C2348484
27371369	1820	1828	patients	T101	C0030705
27371369	1836	1850	Control Cohort	T096	C0009932
27371369	1870	1872	MS	T047	C0026769
27371369	1873	1883	population	T098	C1257890
27371369	1916	1919	DiD	T062	C1710191
27371369	1947	1964	treatment effects	T033	C1518681
27371369	1970	1983	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27371369	1984	1994	population	T098	C1257890
27371369	2006	2010	Test	T098	C2348484
27371369	2015	2030	Control Cohorts	T096	C0009932
27371369	2069	2072	DiD	T062	C1710191
27371369	2100	2109	comparing	T052	C1707455
27371369	2110	2117	diverse	T080	C1880371
27371369	2118	2125	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27371369	2137	2160	risk-adjustment methods	T081	C0600568

27371625|t|Variation in the Use of Vestibular Diagnostic Testing for Patients Presenting to Otolaryngology Clinics with Dizziness
27371625|a|We used a national otolaryngology practice-based research network database to characterize the utilization of vestibular function testing in patients diagnosed with dizziness and/or a vestibular disorder. Database review. The Creating Healthcare Excellence through Education and Research (CHEER) practice-based research network of academic and community providers Dizzy patients in the CHEER retrospective database were identified through ICD-9 codes; vestibular testing procedures were identified with CPT codes. Demographics and procedures per patient were tabulated. Analysis included number and type of vestibular tests ordered, stratified by individual clinic and by practice type (community vs academic). Chi-square tests were performed to assess if the percentage of patients receiving testing was statistically significant across clinics. A logistic regression model was used to examine the association between receipt of testing and being tested on initial visit. A total of 12,468 patients diagnosed with dizziness and/or a vestibular disorder were identified from 7 community and 5 academic CHEER network clinics across the country. One-fifth of these patients had at least 1 vestibular function test. The percentage of patients tested varied widely by site, from 3% to 72%; academic clinics were twice as likely to test. Initial visit vestibular testing also varied, from 0% to 96% of dizzy patients, and was 15 times more likely in academic clinics. There is significant variation in use and timing of vestibular diagnostic testing across otolaryngology clinics. The CHEER network research database does not contain outcome data. These results illustrate the critical need for research that examines outcomes as related to vestibular testing.
27371625	24	53	Vestibular Diagnostic Testing	T060	C0848432
27371625	58	66	Patients	T101	C0030705
27371625	81	103	Otolaryngology Clinics	T093	C4047590
27371625	109	118	Dizziness	T184	C0012833
27371625	129	152	national otolaryngology	T091	C0029892
27371625	153	184	practice-based research network	T093	C1709626
27371625	185	193	database	T170	C0242356
27371625	229	256	vestibular function testing	T060	C0042596
27371625	260	268	patients	T101	C0030705
27371625	269	278	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27371625	284	293	dizziness	T184	C0012833
27371625	303	322	vestibular disorder	T047	C0042594
27371625	345	375	Creating Healthcare Excellence	T062	C0018757
27371625	384	393	Education	T065	C0039401
27371625	398	406	Research	T062	C0035168
27371625	408	413	CHEER	T062	C0018757
27371625	415	446	practice-based research network	T093	C1709626
27371625	450	458	academic	T092	C1510747
27371625	463	482	community providers	T097	C0018724
27371625	483	497	Dizzy patients	T101	C0030705
27371625	505	510	CHEER	T062	C0018757
27371625	511	533	retrospective database	T062	C0035363
27371625	558	569	ICD-9 codes	T170	C2346503
27371625	571	600	vestibular testing procedures	T060	C0430022
27371625	622	631	CPT codes	T170	C1136322
27371625	633	645	Demographics	T090	C0011298
27371625	650	672	procedures per patient	T060	C0430022
27371625	678	687	tabulated	T081	C0392762
27371625	689	697	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27371625	726	742	vestibular tests	T060	C0848432
27371625	752	783	stratified by individual clinic	T062	C0681883
27371625	791	804	practice type	T080	C0332307
27371625	806	815	community	T096	C0009462
27371625	806	815	community	T096	C0009462
27371625	819	827	academic	T092	C1510747
27371625	830	846	Chi-square tests	T170	C0008041
27371625	893	919	patients receiving testing	T101	C0030705
27371625	924	964	statistically significant across clinics	T081	C0237881
27371625	968	987	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27371625	988	993	model	T081,T170	C0023965
27371625	1038	1056	receipt of testing	T169	C0205245
27371625	1110	1118	patients	T101	C0030705
27371625	1119	1128	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27371625	1134	1143	dizziness	T184	C0012833
27371625	1153	1172	vestibular disorder	T047	C0042594
27371625	1196	1205	community	T096	C0009462
27371625	1212	1220	academic	T092	C1510747
27371625	1221	1226	CHEER	T062	C0018757
27371625	1235	1242	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27371625	1282	1290	patients	T101	C0030705
27371625	1306	1330	vestibular function test	T060	C0042596
27371625	1350	1358	patients	T101	C0030705
27371625	1405	1421	academic clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27371625	1466	1484	vestibular testing	T060	C0848432
27371625	1516	1530	dizzy patients	T101	C0030705
27371625	1564	1580	academic clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27371625	1634	1663	vestibular diagnostic testing	T060	C0848432
27371625	1671	1693	otolaryngology clinics	T093	C4047590
27371625	1699	1704	CHEER	T062	C0018757
27371625	1705	1730	network research database	T170	C0242356
27371625	1809	1840	research that examines outcomes	T062	C0086750
27371625	1855	1873	vestibular testing	T060	C0848432

27371817|t|Metabolomic analysis of glycerophospholipid signatures of inflammation treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs -induced- RAW264.7 cells using (1)H NMR and U-HPLC / Q-TOF-MS
27371817|a|Non-destructive proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy and highly sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (U-HPLC / Q-TOF-MS) coupled to data processing methods were applied to analyze the metabolic profiling changes of glycerophospholipids (GPLs) in RAW264.7 cells from inflammation to prognosis. Analysis of (1)H NMR was shown that the models were grouped successfully, illustrating that all of them had significant differences. Based on the highly simple, accurate, non-targeted and non-destructively advantages of (1)H NMR, it could be used as a new screening tool of anti-inflammatory drugs in the metabolic profiling of GPLs. 58 GPLs were identified by U-HPLC / Q-TOF-MS, and 19 components were firstly identified in this study compared with our previous results. In addition, ten potential biomarkers were proved, of which phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/18:1) and (18:0/18:1) changed consistently in three drug-induced groups and might be the important biomarkers. Compared with (1)H NMR, U-HPLC / Q-TOF-MS showed higher sensitivity and specificity and was more suitable for the determination of biomarkers apart from the deficiency of time-consuming sample preparation steps and unambiguous metabolite identification. Therefore, it is feasible to analyze the changes of GPLs during inflammation by combining (1)H NMR spectroscopy with U-HPLC / Q-TOF-MS. The metabolic profiling of GPLs provides valuable evidence for inflammation diagnosis and prognosis, and might unravel the mechanisms involved in inflammation progression.
27371817	0	11	Metabolomic	T091	C1328813
27371817	12	20	analysis	T169	C1524024
27371817	24	43	glycerophospholipid	T109	C0162448
27371817	58	70	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27371817	71	83	treated with	T061	C0332293
27371817	84	121	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	T121	C0003211
27371817	132	146	RAW264.7 cells	T025	C0024432
27371817	153	161	(1)H NMR	T060	C0877853
27371817	166	172	U-HPLC	T059	C0008562
27371817	175	183	Q-TOF-MS	T059	C0599827
27371817	184	257	Non-destructive proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy	T060	C0877853
27371817	262	278	highly sensitive	T080	C0439822
27371817	279	318	ultra-performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562
27371817	319	362	quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry	T059	C0599827
27371817	364	370	U-HPLC	T059	C0008562
27371817	373	381	Q-TOF-MS	T059	C0599827
27371817	394	409	data processing	T066	C0868941
27371817	410	417	methods	T170	C0025663
27371817	446	465	metabolic profiling	T091	C1328813
27371817	477	497	glycerophospholipids	T109	C0162448
27371817	499	503	GPLs	T109	C0162448
27371817	508	522	RAW264.7 cells	T025	C0024432
27371817	528	540	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27371817	544	553	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27371817	555	563	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27371817	567	575	(1)H NMR	T060	C0877853
27371817	595	601	models	T170	C3161035
27371817	607	614	grouped	T169	C1522242
27371817	675	686	differences	T080	C1705242
27371817	701	714	highly simple	T080	C0205352
27371817	716	724	accurate	T080	C0443131
27371817	775	783	(1)H NMR	T060	C0877853
27371817	829	852	anti-inflammatory drugs	T121	C0003209
27371817	860	879	metabolic profiling	T091	C1328813
27371817	883	887	GPLs	T109	C0162448
27371817	892	896	GPLs	T109	C0162448
27371817	902	912	identified	T080	C0205396
27371817	916	922	U-HPLC	T059	C0008562
27371817	925	933	Q-TOF-MS	T059	C0599827
27371817	966	976	identified	T080	C0205396
27371817	985	990	study	T062	C2603343
27371817	1044	1053	potential	T080	C3245505
27371817	1054	1064	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27371817	1087	1106	phosphatidylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27371817	1108	1110	PC	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27371817	1140	1147	changed	T081	C0443172
27371817	1170	1182	drug-induced	T169	C0458082
27371817	1183	1189	groups	T078	C0441833
27371817	1217	1227	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27371817	1243	1251	(1)H NMR	T060	C0877853
27371817	1253	1259	U-HPLC	T059	C0008562
27371817	1262	1270	Q-TOF-MS	T059	C0599827
27371817	1278	1284	higher	T080	C0205250
27371817	1285	1312	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
27371817	1343	1356	determination	T059	C1148554
27371817	1360	1370	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27371817	1386	1396	deficiency	T080	C2987487
27371817	1400	1414	time-consuming	T080	C3827829
27371817	1415	1439	sample preparation steps	T059	C1720914
27371817	1456	1466	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27371817	1467	1481	identification	T080	C0205396
27371817	1524	1531	changes	T081	C1705241
27371817	1535	1539	GPLs	T109	C0162448
27371817	1547	1559	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27371817	1573	1594	(1)H NMR spectroscopy	T060	C0877853
27371817	1600	1606	U-HPLC	T059	C0008562
27371817	1609	1617	Q-TOF-MS	T059	C0599827
27371817	1623	1642	metabolic profiling	T091	C1328813
27371817	1646	1650	GPLs	T109	C0162448
27371817	1669	1677	evidence	T078	C3887511
27371817	1682	1694	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27371817	1695	1704	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27371817	1709	1718	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27371817	1742	1752	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27371817	1765	1777	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27371817	1778	1789	progression	T046	C0242656

27371818|t|Design considerations for patient-specific surgical templates for total hip arthroplasty with respect to acetabular cartilage
27371818|a|Patient-specific instruments (PSIs) are clinically used to support the surgeon during a planned intervention. The planning is typically done based on volumetric image data from medical imaging systems, e.g. computed tomography (CT). The PSI uses the known surface structure of a bone for orientation during the intervention. Some surfaces of human bone are covered with a layer of cartilage which is hardly visible in clinically applied CT-imaging. This experimental study investigates ten different PSI designs and their effect to the overall accuracy when neglecting the cartilage in the design process. Therefore, a model of an acetabulum is used to simulate the use case of PSI in total hip arthroplasty. The concept of the different designs is to create structural elasticities in the PSI to avoid shifting of the whole instrument and rather have a small part of it deformed by cartilage. A needle array structure, for instance, should also be able to oust or penetrate remaining soft tissue in the acetabulum.
27371818	0	6	Design	T052	C1707689
27371818	7	21	considerations	T033	C0518609
27371818	26	42	patient-specific	T080	C0205556
27371818	43	61	surgical templates	T074	C0581264
27371818	66	88	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
27371818	105	115	acetabular	T030	C0229984
27371818	116	125	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27371818	126	154	Patient-specific instruments	T074	C0025080
27371818	156	160	PSIs	T074	C0025080
27371818	166	176	clinically	T080	C0205210
27371818	197	204	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27371818	214	234	planned intervention	T081	C2347528
27371818	240	248	planning	T041	C0032074
27371818	276	286	volumetric	T082	C0445383
27371818	287	297	image data	T170	C0282574
27371818	303	318	medical imaging	T060	C0025086
27371818	319	326	systems	T169	C0449913
27371818	333	352	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27371818	354	356	CT	T060	C0040405
27371818	363	366	PSI	T074	C0025080
27371818	382	409	surface structure of a bone	T023	C1960754
27371818	414	425	orientation	T082	C1704322
27371818	437	449	intervention	T061	C0184661
27371818	456	478	surfaces of human bone	T023	C1960754
27371818	483	490	covered	T169	C0439844
27371818	498	503	layer	T023	C0934502
27371818	507	516	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27371818	526	532	hardly	T033	C3898981
27371818	533	540	visible	T080	C0205379
27371818	544	554	clinically	T080	C0205210
27371818	555	562	applied	T169	C4048755
27371818	563	573	CT-imaging	T060	C0729619
27371818	580	598	experimental study	T062	C0681814
27371818	599	611	investigates	T169	C1292732
27371818	616	625	different	T080	C1705242
27371818	626	629	PSI	T074	C0025080
27371818	630	637	designs	T052	C1707689
27371818	648	654	effect	T080	C1280500
27371818	662	669	overall	T080	C1561607
27371818	670	678	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27371818	699	708	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27371818	716	722	design	T052	C1707689
27371818	723	730	process	T067	C1522240
27371818	745	750	model	T075	C0026339
27371818	757	767	acetabulum	T023	C0000962
27371818	779	787	simulate	T062	C0679083
27371818	796	800	case	T169	C0868928
27371818	804	807	PSI	T074	C0025080
27371818	811	833	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
27371818	839	846	concept	T078	C0178566
27371818	854	863	different	T080	C1705242
27371818	864	871	designs	T052	C1707689
27371818	878	884	create	T052	C1706214
27371818	885	895	structural	T082	C0678594
27371818	896	908	elasticities	T080	C0205556
27371818	916	919	PSI	T074	C0025080
27371818	929	937	shifting	T169	C0333051
27371818	951	961	instrument	T074	C0348000
27371818	997	1005	deformed	T169	C0333067
27371818	1009	1018	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27371818	1022	1044	needle array structure	T074	C0025080
27371818	1091	1100	penetrate	T169	C0205321
27371818	1111	1122	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
27371818	1130	1140	acetabulum	T023	C0000962

27371819|t|The nurse-patient communication: voices from nursing students
27371819|a|Effective communication skills have been found to be one of the pivotal factors in building positive interpersonal relationships. Little is known about nursing undergraduates ' perspectives on communicating with patients. This study aimed to explore nursing students' perspectives and experiences of nurse-patient communication in their clinical placement. The participants included 21 second-year undergraduates and 21 first-year master's students. Interviews were conducted in Cantonese and then transcribed in Chinese and translated into English. A content analysis approach was adopted to analyze the data. Five themes emerged from the interview data. 'The necessity of nurse-patient communication ' reveals why the students valued nurse-patient communication. 'The conversation contents ' describes the content of the conversations that students typically had with patients. The third theme is ' self-reflection on the nurse-patient communication '. The last two themes, 'the communication pattern in different hospital settings ' and 'the obstacles impeding nurse-patient communication ', are about the students' communication styles in different hospitals and the barriers they encounter. To improve students' communication skills, educators and clinical staff should listen to students, enhance students' reflective skills and strengthen their confidence. Through understanding students' difficulties in the nurse-patient communication experience and the skills that they lack, educators can provide them with helpful recommendations to improve their communication skills in clinical practice. The results of this study reveal that students' nurse-patient communication skills need to be improved.
27371819	4	31	nurse-patient communication	T054	C0870983
27371819	45	61	nursing students	T097	C0038496
27371819	62	92	Effective communication skills	T032	C0870313
27371819	126	141	pivotal factors	T169	C1521761
27371819	154	190	positive interpersonal relationships	T054	C0021797
27371819	214	236	nursing undergraduates	T097	C0038496
27371819	239	251	perspectives	UnknownType	C0678958
27371819	255	268	communicating	T169	C0205196
27371819	274	282	patients	T101	C0030705
27371819	289	294	study	T062	C2603343
27371819	312	329	nursing students'	T097	C0038496
27371819	330	342	perspectives	UnknownType	C0678958
27371819	347	358	experiences	T041	C0596545
27371819	362	389	nurse-patient communication	T054	C0870983
27371819	399	407	clinical	T080	C0205210
27371819	408	417	placement	T080	C1524072
27371819	423	435	participants	T098	C0679646
27371819	448	474	second-year undergraduates	T098	C0682177
27371819	482	510	first-year master's students	T098	C0682177
27371819	512	522	Interviews	T052	C0021822
27371819	541	550	Cantonese	T171	C0023008
27371819	575	582	Chinese	T171	C0008120
27371819	603	610	English	T171	C0376245
27371819	614	630	content analysis	T062	C0681915
27371819	631	639	approach	T082	C0449445
27371819	667	671	data	T078	C1511726
27371819	678	684	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27371819	702	716	interview data	T078	C1511726
27371819	736	763	nurse-patient communication	T054	C0870983
27371819	766	773	reveals	T080	C0443289
27371819	782	790	students	T098	C0038492
27371819	798	825	nurse-patient communication	T054	C0870983
27371819	832	853	conversation contents	T033	C0582166
27371819	870	898	content of the conversations	T033	C0582166
27371819	904	912	students	T098	C0038492
27371819	932	940	patients	T101	C0030705
27371819	952	957	theme	UnknownType	C0869035
27371819	963	978	self-reflection	T033	C0243095
27371819	986	1013	nurse-patient communication	T054	C0870983
27371819	1030	1036	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27371819	1043	1077	communication pattern in different	T033	C4061885
27371819	1078	1095	hospital settings	T073,T093	C0019994
27371819	1126	1153	nurse-patient communication	T054	C0870983
27371819	1171	1180	students'	T098	C0038492
27371819	1181	1201	communication styles	T080	C0205556
27371819	1215	1224	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27371819	1247	1256	encounter	T053	C1947978
27371819	1261	1268	improve	T033	C0184511
27371819	1269	1278	students'	T098	C0038492
27371819	1279	1299	communication skills	T032	C0870313
27371819	1301	1310	educators	T097	C0259853
27371819	1315	1329	clinical staff	T097	C0851286
27371819	1347	1355	students	T098	C0038492
27371819	1357	1364	enhance	T052	C2349975
27371819	1365	1374	students'	T098	C0038492
27371819	1375	1392	reflective skills	T055	C0678856
27371819	1414	1424	confidence	T041	C1704726
27371819	1434	1447	understanding	T041	C0162340
27371819	1448	1457	students'	T098	C0038492
27371819	1458	1470	difficulties	T080	C0332218
27371819	1478	1505	nurse-patient communication	T054	C0870983
27371819	1506	1516	experience	T041	C0596545
27371819	1525	1531	skills	T055	C0678856
27371819	1548	1557	educators	T097	C0259853
27371819	1588	1603	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27371819	1607	1614	improve	T033	C0184511
27371819	1621	1641	communication skills	T032	C0870313
27371819	1645	1662	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
27371819	1684	1689	study	T062	C2603343
27371819	1690	1696	reveal	T080	C0443289
27371819	1702	1711	students'	T098	C0038492
27371819	1712	1739	nurse-patient communication	T054	C0870983
27371819	1740	1746	skills	T032	C0870313
27371819	1758	1766	improved	T033	C0184511

27371870|t|Fabrication and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) - TiO2 nanocomposite films for orthopedic applications
27371870|a|Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles in order to enhance thermo-mechanical stabilities, surface characteristics and osteoblastic cell adhesion. PVA - TiO2 nanocomposite films with desirable mechanical, thermal and biocompatible properties are fabricated through solution casting method followed by de-hydrothermal cross-linking treatment. The composition of TiO2 nanoparticles was standardized to achieve mechanically stable nanocomposite films, based on tensile strength measurements composition of TiO2 is determined as optimal at 3wt%. PVA - TiO2 nanocomposite films were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive spectroscopy, Atomic force microscopy, Ultra violet and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. Elemental mapping studies substantiate incorporation of TiO2 nanoparticles within the PVA matrix. Dimensional stability evaluated by soaking films in SBF for 24h insinuates the role of TiO2 in the direction of controlling degree of swelling. In-vitro bioactivity test and cell adhesion results also predict that presence of TiO2 is advantageous to enhance apatite growth and promote cell - substrate interaction. SEM studies illustrate improved surface morphology of PVA - TiO2 nanocomposite film with homogenously distributed TiO2 nanoparticles, which help to enhance thermo-mechanical behavior. TiO2 nanoparticles construct cell-adhesive hydrophilic nano-domains that act as potential cell adhesion sites and promotes osteointegration. Bio compatibility studies proved that thermally cross-linked PVA is non-toxic in relation to PVA cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Cytotoxicity and cell adhesion of nanocomposite films evaluated through cell viability (MMT) assay and crystal violet staining revealed that PVA -3wt% TiO2 nanocomposite could act as an excellent composite and hence suitable to be used in bone implant applications.
27371870	0	11	Fabrication	T067	C1254366
27371870	16	32	characterization	T052	C1880022
27371870	36	55	poly(vinyl alcohol)	T109	C0377072
27371870	58	62	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	63	76	nanocomposite	T073	C1721059
27371870	77	82	films	T073	C3273359
27371870	87	110	orthopedic applications	T061	C0565525
27371870	111	130	Poly(vinyl alcohol)	T109	C0377072
27371870	132	135	PVA	T109	C0377072
27371870	156	160	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	161	174	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27371870	195	224	thermo-mechanical stabilities	T080	C0205556
27371870	226	249	surface characteristics	T080	C0449588
27371870	254	266	osteoblastic	T025	C0029418
27371870	267	280	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27371870	282	285	PVA	T109	C0377072
27371870	288	292	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	293	306	nanocomposite	T073	C1721059
27371870	307	312	films	T073	C3273359
27371870	328	338	mechanical	T080	C0871161
27371870	340	347	thermal	T080	C0871161
27371870	352	376	biocompatible properties	T080	C0871161
27371870	400	423	solution casting method	T067	C1254366
27371870	436	475	de-hydrothermal cross-linking treatment	T067	C1254366
27371870	481	492	composition	T070	C0243176
27371870	496	500	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	501	514	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27371870	543	562	mechanically stable	T080	C0205360
27371870	563	576	nanocomposite	T073	C1721059
27371870	577	582	films	T073	C3273359
27371870	593	609	tensile strength	T081	C0039526
27371870	610	622	measurements	T169	C0242485
27371870	623	634	composition	T070	C0243176
27371870	638	642	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	660	667	optimal	T080	C2698651
27371870	677	680	PVA	T109	C0377072
27371870	683	687	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	688	701	nanocomposite	T073	C1721059
27371870	702	707	films	T073	C3273359
27371870	713	726	characterized	T052	C1880022
27371870	730	758	Scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27371870	760	790	Energy dispersive spectroscopy	T059	C2699997
27371870	792	815	Atomic force microscopy	T059	C0242849
27371870	817	829	Ultra violet	T059	C0022885
27371870	834	885	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques	T062	C0206055
27371870	887	912	Elemental mapping studies	T059	C0022885
27371870	943	947	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	948	961	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27371870	973	976	PVA	T109	C0377072
27371870	977	983	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27371870	985	1006	Dimensional stability	T081	C0392762
27371870	1020	1027	soaking	T169	C0205245
27371870	1028	1033	films	T073	C3273359
27371870	1037	1040	SBF	T167	C1704353
27371870	1064	1068	role	T077	C1705810
27371870	1072	1076	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	1084	1093	direction	T082	C0449738
27371870	1109	1127	degree of swelling	T081	C0392762
27371870	1129	1154	In-vitro bioactivity test	T059	C0022885
27371870	1159	1172	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27371870	1199	1207	presence	T080	C3854307
27371870	1211	1215	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	1243	1257	apatite growth	T067	C2911660
27371870	1270	1274	cell	T025	C0007634
27371870	1277	1286	substrate	T167	C3891814
27371870	1287	1298	interaction	T169	C1704675
27371870	1300	1311	SEM studies	T059	C0026020
27371870	1332	1350	surface morphology	T080	C0449588
27371870	1354	1357	PVA	T109	C0377072
27371870	1360	1364	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	1365	1378	nanocomposite	T073	C1721059
27371870	1379	1383	film	T073	C3273359
27371870	1389	1401	homogenously	T082	C0439713
27371870	1402	1413	distributed	T080	C1707801
27371870	1414	1418	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	1419	1432	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27371870	1456	1482	thermo-mechanical behavior	T080	C0205556
27371870	1484	1488	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	1489	1502	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27371870	1513	1551	cell-adhesive hydrophilic nano-domains	T082	C1254362
27371870	1574	1587	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27371870	1588	1593	sites	T082	C0205145
27371870	1607	1623	osteointegration	T169	C0205245
27371870	1625	1650	Bio compatibility studies	T062	C0005480
27371870	1663	1685	thermally cross-linked	T169	C0332220
27371870	1686	1689	PVA	T109	C0377072
27371870	1693	1702	non-toxic	T033	C0243095
27371870	1718	1721	PVA	T109	C0377072
27371870	1722	1734	cross-linked	T169	C0332220
27371870	1740	1754	glutaraldehyde	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27371870	1756	1768	Cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27371870	1773	1786	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27371870	1790	1803	nanocomposite	T073	C1721059
27371870	1804	1809	films	T073	C3273359
27371870	1828	1854	cell viability (MMT) assay	T062	C2986858
27371870	1859	1882	crystal violet staining	T059	C0487602
27371870	1897	1900	PVA	T109	C0377072
27371870	1907	1911	TiO2	T121,T197	C0141060
27371870	1912	1925	nanocomposite	T073	C1721059
27371870	1952	1961	composite	T080	C0205199
27371870	1995	2020	bone implant applications	T074	C0179372

27372076|t|Characterization of novel DeoR-family member from the Streptomyces ahygroscopicus strain CK-15 that acts as a repressor of morphological development
27372076|a|Wuyiencin is produced by Streptomyces ahygroscopicus var. wuyiensis, which has been widely used in China as an industrially produced biopesticide to control various fungal diseases. Although its mechanism of action, breeding, and fermentation had been extensively characterized, less is known about the regulatory functions that affect its biosynthesis or morphological development. The wysR3 gene of S. ahygroscopicus strain CK-15, a novel member of the DeoR family of regulatory genes, was assessed to determine its function by gene knockdown. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that DeoR family proteins derived from the same source are likely to be a single branch in a phylogenetic tree and show that wysR3 acts as a repressor for its morphological development without effecting wuyiencin production. We found that the ΔwysR3 strain can grow quickly to reach a plateau stage of maximum biomass at 60 h, which is ~12 h faster than the wild-type strain. In the industrial fermentation production process, the ΔwysR3 strain can reduce consumption and save both time and money.
27372076	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27372076	20	25	novel	T080	C0205314
27372076	26	37	DeoR-family	T116,T123	C0035147
27372076	38	44	member	T096	C1551024
27372076	54	81	Streptomyces ahygroscopicus	T007	C1937901
27372076	82	94	strain CK-15	T001	C1518614
27372076	110	119	repressor	T116,T123	C1336789
27372076	123	136	morphological	T082	C0543482
27372076	137	148	development	T169	C1527148
27372076	149	158	Wuyiencin	T131	C0031253
27372076	162	170	produced	T052	C0441655
27372076	174	216	Streptomyces ahygroscopicus var. wuyiensis	T007	C1937901
27372076	248	253	China	T083	C0008115
27372076	260	272	industrially	T092	C0007983
27372076	273	281	produced	T057	C0033268
27372076	282	294	biopesticide	T131	C0031253
27372076	298	305	control	T080	C0243148
27372076	314	329	fungal diseases	T047	C0026946
27372076	344	353	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27372076	357	363	action	T052	C3266814
27372076	365	373	breeding	T040	C0006159
27372076	379	391	fermentation	T044	C0015852
27372076	413	426	characterized	T052	C1880022
27372076	452	472	regulatory functions	T044	C1817179
27372076	489	501	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27372076	505	518	morphological	T082	C0543482
27372076	519	530	development	T169	C1527148
27372076	536	546	wysR3 gene	T028	C0017337
27372076	550	567	S. ahygroscopicus	T007	C1937901
27372076	568	580	strain CK-15	T001	C1518614
27372076	584	589	novel	T080	C0205314
27372076	590	596	member	T096	C1551024
27372076	604	615	DeoR family	T116,T123	C0035147
27372076	619	635	regulatory genes	T028	C0017362
27372076	641	649	assessed	T052	C1516048
27372076	667	675	function	T169	C0542341
27372076	679	693	gene knockdown	T063	C2350567
27372076	742	762	DeoR family proteins	T116,T123	C0035147
27372076	785	791	source	T033	C0449416
27372076	811	817	single	T081	C0205171
27372076	818	824	branch	T082	C1253959
27372076	830	847	phylogenetic tree	T080	C0205556
27372076	862	867	wysR3	T028	C0017337
27372076	878	887	repressor	T116,T123	C1336789
27372076	896	909	morphological	T082	C0543482
27372076	910	921	development	T169	C1527148
27372076	940	949	wuyiencin	T131	C0031253
27372076	950	960	production	T052	C0441655
27372076	980	986	ΔwysR3	T028	C0017337
27372076	987	993	strain	T001	C1518614
27372076	1022	1029	plateau	T081	C2964353
27372076	1030	1035	stage	T079	C1306673
27372076	1047	1054	biomass	T081	C0005535
27372076	1079	1085	faster	T080	C0456962
27372076	1095	1104	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27372076	1105	1111	strain	T001	C1518614
27372076	1120	1130	industrial	T092	C0007983
27372076	1131	1143	fermentation	T044	C0015852
27372076	1144	1154	production	T057	C0033268
27372076	1155	1162	process	T067	C1522240
27372076	1168	1174	ΔwysR3	T028	C0017337
27372076	1175	1181	strain	T001	C1518614
27372076	1186	1192	reduce	T080	C0392756
27372076	1193	1204	consumption	T052	C0009830
27372076	1219	1223	time	T079	C0040223
27372076	1228	1233	money	T073	C0870909

27372861|t|Targeting the ecology within: The role of the gut-brain axis and human microbiota in drug addiction
27372861|a|Despite major advances in our understanding of the brain using traditional neuroscience, reliable and efficacious treatments for drug addiction have remained elusive. Hence, the time has come to utilize novel approaches, particularly those drawing upon contemporary advances in fields outside of established neuroscienc e and psychiatry. Put another way, the time has come for a paradigm shift in the addiction sciences. Apropos, a revolution in the area of human health is underway, which is occurring at the nexus between enteric microbiology and neuroscience. It has become increasingly clear that the human microbiota (the vast ecology of bacteria residing within the human organism), plays an important role in health and disease. This is not surprising, as it has been estimated that bacteria living in the human body (approximately 1kg of mass, roughly equivalent to that of the human brain) outnumber human cells 10 to 1. While advances in the understanding of the role of microbiota in other areas of human health have yielded intriguing results (e.g., Clostridium difficile, irritable bowel syndrome, autism, etc.), to date, no systematic programs of research have examined the role of microbiota in drug addiction. The current hypothesis, therefore, is that gut dysbiosis plays a key role in addictive disorders. In the context of this hypothesis, this paper provides a rationale for future research to target the " gut - brain axis " in addiction. A brief background of the gut - brain axis is provided, along with a series of hypothesis-driven ideas outlining potential treatments for addiction via manipulations of the " ecology within."
27372861	0	9	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27372861	14	21	ecology	T090	C0013546
27372861	34	38	role	T077	C1705810
27372861	46	60	gut-brain axis	T082	C1522496
27372861	65	70	human	T016	C0086418
27372861	71	81	microbiota	T001	C3887843
27372861	85	99	drug addiction	T048	C1510472
27372861	108	122	major advances	T079	C3854260
27372861	130	143	understanding	T041	C0162340
27372861	151	156	brain	T023	C0006104
27372861	157	162	using	T169	C1524063
27372861	163	187	traditional neuroscience	T091	C0027910
27372861	189	197	reliable	T170	C3858758
27372861	202	213	efficacious	T080	C1704419
27372861	214	224	treatments	T061	C0087111
27372861	229	243	drug addiction	T048	C1510472
27372861	249	265	remained elusive	T033	C0243095
27372861	278	282	time	T079	C0040223
27372861	295	302	utilize	T169	C0042153
27372861	303	308	novel	T080	C0205314
27372861	309	319	approaches	T082	C0449445
27372861	340	347	drawing	T080	C0205556
27372861	353	365	contemporary	T079	C1254367
27372861	366	374	advances	T079	C3854260
27372861	378	384	fields	T077	C1521738
27372861	396	407	established	T080	C0443211
27372861	408	419	neuroscienc	T091	C0027910
27372861	426	436	psychiatry	T091	C0033873
27372861	459	463	time	T079	C0040223
27372861	479	493	paradigm shift	T062	C0681797
27372861	501	510	addiction	T048	C0085281
27372861	511	519	sciences	T090	C0036397
27372861	521	528	Apropos	T080	C1548787
27372861	532	542	revolution	T169	C0205245
27372861	550	554	area	T082	C0205146
27372861	558	563	human	T016	C0086418
27372861	564	570	health	T078	C0018684
27372861	574	582	underway	T169	C1272688
27372861	593	602	occurring	T052	C1709305
27372861	610	615	nexus	T080	C0205556
27372861	624	631	enteric	T082	C1304890
27372861	632	644	microbiology	T091	C0025952
27372861	649	661	neuroscience	T091	C0027910
27372861	677	689	increasingly	T169	C0442805
27372861	690	695	clear	T080	C2963144
27372861	705	710	human	T016	C0086418
27372861	711	721	microbiota	T001	C3887843
27372861	732	739	ecology	T090	C0013546
27372861	743	751	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27372861	752	760	residing	T052	C2982691
27372861	772	777	human	T016	C0086418
27372861	778	786	organism	T001	C0029235
27372861	798	807	important	T080	C3898777
27372861	808	812	role	T077	C1705810
27372861	816	822	health	T078	C0018684
27372861	827	834	disease	T047	C0012634
27372861	875	884	estimated	T081	C0750572
27372861	890	898	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27372861	899	905	living	T052	C2982691
27372861	913	923	human body	T016	C0242821
27372861	925	938	approximately	T080	C0332232
27372861	946	950	mass	T081	C1306372
27372861	960	970	equivalent	T080	C0205163
27372861	986	991	human	T016	C0086418
27372861	992	997	brain	T023	C0006104
27372861	1009	1020	human cells	T034	C0427861
27372861	1052	1065	understanding	T041	C0162340
27372861	1073	1077	role	T077	C1705810
27372861	1081	1091	microbiota	T001	C3887843
27372861	1101	1106	areas	T082	C0205146
27372861	1110	1115	human	T016	C0086418
27372861	1116	1122	health	T078	C0018684
27372861	1128	1135	yielded	T081	C0392762
27372861	1136	1146	intriguing	T080	C0205556
27372861	1147	1154	results	T169	C1274040
27372861	1162	1183	Clostridium difficile	T047	C1411966
27372861	1185	1209	irritable bowel syndrome	T047	C0022104
27372861	1211	1217	autism	T048	C0004352
27372861	1229	1233	date	T079	C0011008
27372861	1238	1248	systematic	T169	C0220922
27372861	1249	1257	programs	T169	C3484370
27372861	1261	1269	research	T062	C0035168
27372861	1275	1283	examined	T033	C0332128
27372861	1288	1292	role	T077	C1705810
27372861	1296	1306	microbiota	T001	C3887843
27372861	1310	1324	drug addiction	T048	C1510472
27372861	1330	1337	current	T079	C0521116
27372861	1338	1348	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27372861	1369	1382	gut dysbiosis	T184	C4287543
27372861	1395	1399	role	T077	C1705810
27372861	1403	1412	addictive	T048	C0085281
27372861	1413	1422	disorders	T047	C0012634
27372861	1431	1438	context	T078	C0449255
27372861	1447	1457	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27372861	1464	1469	paper	T170	C0282420
27372861	1470	1478	provides	T052	C1999230
27372861	1481	1490	rationale	T078	C2699007
27372861	1495	1501	future	T079	C0016884
27372861	1502	1510	research	T062	C0035168
27372861	1514	1520	target	T169	C1521840
27372861	1527	1530	gut	T023	C0699819
27372861	1533	1538	brain	T023	C0006104
27372861	1539	1543	axis	T082	C1522496
27372861	1549	1558	addiction	T048	C0085281
27372861	1568	1578	background	T077	C1706907
27372861	1586	1589	gut	T023	C0699819
27372861	1592	1597	brain	T023	C0006104
27372861	1598	1602	axis	T082	C1522496
27372861	1606	1614	provided	T052	C1999230
27372861	1629	1635	series	T081	C0205549
27372861	1639	1656	hypothesis-driven	T078	C1512571
27372861	1657	1662	ideas	T078	C1947946
27372861	1673	1682	potential	T080	C3245505
27372861	1683	1693	treatments	T061	C0087111
27372861	1698	1707	addiction	T048	C0085281
27372861	1712	1725	manipulations	T033	C0243095
27372861	1735	1742	ecology	T090	C0013546

27373429|t|Homogeneous synthesis of Ag nanoparticles -doped water-soluble cellulose acetate for versatile applications
27373429|a|We report a facile and efficient approach for synthesis of well-dispersed and stable silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using water-soluble cellulose acetate (CA) as both reductant and stabilizer. Partially substituted CA with highly active hydroxyl groups and excellent water-solubility is able to reduce silver ions in homogeneous aqueous medium effectively. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope analysis. The as- prepared Ag NPs were well-dispersed, showing a surface plasmon resonance peak at 426 nm. The resulted Ag NPs @ CA nanohybrids exhibit high catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of NaBH4. Meanwhile, the nanohybrids are also effective in inhibiting the growth of bacterial. This environmentally friendly method promotes the use of renewable natural resources to prepare a variety of inorganic-organic materials for catalysis, antibacterial, sensors and other applications.
27373429	0	11	Homogeneous	T080	C1881065
27373429	12	21	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27373429	25	41	Ag nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27373429	49	80	water-soluble cellulose acetate	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
27373429	85	94	versatile	T080	C0205556
27373429	95	107	applications	T169	C4048755
27373429	111	117	report	T170	C0684224
27373429	120	126	facile	T080	C0205352
27373429	131	140	efficient	T080	C0442799
27373429	141	149	approach	T082	C0449445
27373429	154	163	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27373429	167	181	well-dispersed	T082	C0332624
27373429	186	192	stable	T080	C0205360
27373429	193	213	silver nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27373429	215	221	Ag NPs	T073	C1721060
27373429	229	260	water-soluble cellulose acetate	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
27373429	262	264	CA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
27373429	274	283	reductant	T130	C0376446
27373429	288	298	stabilizer	T167	C1550603
27373429	300	309	Partially	T081	C0728938
27373429	322	324	CA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
27373429	330	336	highly	T080	C0205250
27373429	337	343	active	T169	C0205177
27373429	344	359	hydroxyl groups	T197	C0700307
27373429	364	373	excellent	T080	C1961136
27373429	374	390	water-solubility	T081	C0597682
27373429	394	398	able	T033	C1299581
27373429	402	408	reduce	T070	C0301630
27373429	409	420	silver ions	T196	C0022023
27373429	424	435	homogeneous	T080	C1881065
27373429	436	443	aqueous	T080	C0599956
27373429	444	450	medium	T167	C1705217
27373429	451	462	effectively	T080	C1704419
27373429	468	479	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27373429	480	486	Ag NPs	T073	C1721060
27373429	492	505	characterized	T052	C1880022
27373429	509	528	UV-vis spectroscopy	T059	C0037812
27373429	530	547	X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
27373429	549	581	X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy	T059	C2700282
27373429	583	615	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
27373429	620	656	energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope	T059	C2699997
27373429	657	665	analysis	T059	C0002778
27373429	675	683	prepared	T033	C4082130
27373429	684	690	Ag NPs	T073	C1721060
27373429	696	710	well-dispersed	T082	C0332624
27373429	722	747	surface plasmon resonance	T063	C0597731
27373429	748	752	peak	T080	C0444505
27373429	760	762	nm	T081	C0439202
27373429	777	783	Ag NPs	T073	C1721060
27373429	786	788	CA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
27373429	789	800	nanohybrids	T073	C1721059
27373429	809	813	high	T080	C0205250
27373429	814	832	catalytic activity	T169	C1264638
27373429	841	850	reduction	T070	C0301630
27373429	854	867	4-nitrophenol	T109,T130,T131	C0048581
27373429	871	884	4-aminophenol	T109	C0048047
27373429	904	909	NaBH4	T130,T197	C0074728
27373429	926	937	nanohybrids	T073	C1721059
27373429	947	956	effective	T080	C1704419
27373429	960	970	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27373429	975	981	growth	T040	C0018270
27373429	985	994	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27373429	1001	1032	environmentally friendly method	T057	C2350566
27373429	1033	1041	promotes	T052	C0033414
27373429	1046	1052	use of	T169	C1524063
27373429	1053	1080	renewable natural resources	T078	C0027492
27373429	1084	1091	prepare	T052	C1521827
27373429	1094	1101	variety	T077	C2346866
27373429	1105	1132	inorganic-organic materials	T167	C0520510
27373429	1137	1146	catalysis	T070	C0007382
27373429	1148	1161	antibacterial	T195	C0279516
27373429	1163	1170	sensors	T073	C0183210
27373429	1181	1193	applications	T169	C4048755

27373648|t|Acceleration of Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis in a Biphasic System by Sodium Tetracyanocyclopentadienides
27373648|a|The hydrolysis of tert-butyldimethylsilyl L-menthyl ether (3) in a CH2Cl2 -1 M HCl biphasic solvent system was accelerated by the addition of sodium tetracyanocyclopentadienides 1. Particularly, the reaction rate was enhanced using sodium salt 1a-c with a lipophilic substituent on the cyclopentadienide ring. From the results obtained by a triphasic experiment, hydrolysis proceeds via the formation of hydronium ion 2 in the aqueous phase by ion exchange, followed by the transfer of 2 to the CH2Cl2 phase.
27373648	0	12	Acceleration	T067	C0000894
27373648	16	30	Acid-Catalyzed	T067	C0175921
27373648	31	41	Hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27373648	47	62	Biphasic System	T079	C0205184
27373648	66	101	Sodium Tetracyanocyclopentadienides	T109	C0029224
27373648	106	116	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27373648	120	159	tert-butyldimethylsilyl L-menthyl ether	T109,T121	C0014996
27373648	169	175	CH2Cl2	T109,T121,T131	C0025748
27373648	181	184	HCl	T130,T197	C0020259
27373648	185	193	biphasic	T079	C0205184
27373648	194	208	solvent system	T130	C0037638
27373648	213	224	accelerated	T067	C0000894
27373648	244	281	sodium tetracyanocyclopentadienides 1	T109	C0029224
27373648	301	314	reaction rate	T079	C0678608
27373648	319	327	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27373648	334	350	sodium salt 1a-c	T109	C0029224
27373648	358	380	lipophilic substituent	T167	C0439861
27373648	388	410	cyclopentadienide ring	T109	C0029224
27373648	443	452	triphasic	T079	C0205185
27373648	453	463	experiment	T062	C0681814
27373648	465	475	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27373648	493	502	formation	T169	C1522492
27373648	506	521	hydronium ion 2	T196	C0063096
27373648	529	542	aqueous phase	T080	C0599956
27373648	546	558	ion exchange	T044	C0022013
27373648	597	609	CH2Cl2 phase	T130	C0037638

27373689|t|A novel, lineage - primed prestalk cell subtype involved in the morphogenesis of D. discoideum
27373689|a|Dictyostelium morphogenesis requires the tip, which acts as an organizer and conducts orchestrated cell movement and cell differentiation. At the slug stage the tip region contains prestalk A (pstA) cells, which are usually recognized by their expression of reporter constructs that utilize a fragment of the promoter of the ecmA gene. Here, using the promoter region of the o-methyl transferase 12 gene (omt12) to drive reporter expression, we demonstrate the presence, also within the pstA region, of a novel prestalk cell subtype: the pstV(A) cells. Surprisingly, a sub-population of the vegetative cells express a pstV(A): GFP marker and, sort out to the tip, both when developing alone and when co-developed with an excess of unmarked cells. The development of such a purified GFP-marked population is greatly accelerated: by precocious cell aggregation and tip formation with accompanying precocious elevation of developmental gene transcription. We therefore suggest that the tip contains at least two prestalk cell subtypes: the developmentally - specified pstA cells and the lineage - primed pstV(A) cells. It is presumably the pstV(A) cells that play the dominant role in morphogenesis during the earlier stages of development. The basis for the lineage priming is, however, unclear because we can find no correlation between pstV(A) differentiation and nutrient status during growth or cell cycle position at the time of starvation, the two known determinants of probable cell fate.
27373689	9	16	lineage	T078	C0282637
27373689	19	25	primed	T169	C0871133
27373689	26	39	prestalk cell	T025	C0007634
27373689	40	47	subtype	T185	C0449560
27373689	64	77	morphogenesis	T040	C0026559
27373689	81	94	D. discoideum	T204	C0086149
27373689	95	108	Dictyostelium	T204	C0012120
27373689	109	122	morphogenesis	T040	C0026559
27373689	136	139	tip	T082	C1254362
27373689	158	167	organizer	T074	C2609570
27373689	181	207	orchestrated cell movement	T040	C1621968
27373689	212	232	cell differentiation	T043	C0007589
27373689	241	245	slug	T204	C0324024
27373689	256	266	tip region	T082	C1254362
27373689	276	299	prestalk A (pstA) cells	T025	C0007634
27373689	339	349	expression	T045	C0017262
27373689	353	372	reporter constructs	T028	C0206414
27373689	388	399	fragment of	T169	C0332255
27373689	404	412	promoter	T114,T123	C0033413
27373689	420	429	ecmA gene	T028	C1333497
27373689	447	462	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27373689	470	498	o-methyl transferase 12 gene	T028	C0017337
27373689	500	505	omt12	T028	C0017337
27373689	516	536	reporter expression,	T045	C0017262
27373689	582	593	pstA region	T082	C1254362
27373689	606	619	prestalk cell	T025	C0007634
27373689	620	627	subtype	T185	C0449560
27373689	633	646	pstV(A) cells	T025	C0007634
27373689	686	702	vegetative cells	T043	C3714713
27373689	713	732	pstV(A): GFP marker	T045	C0017393
27373689	754	757	tip	T082	C1254362
27373689	826	840	unmarked cells	T025	C0007634
27373689	846	857	development	T169	C1527148
27373689	877	898	GFP-marked population	T025	C0007634
27373689	910	921	accelerated	T169	C0521110
27373689	937	953	cell aggregation	T043	C0007580
27373689	958	961	tip	T082	C1254362
27373689	962	971	formation	T169	C1522492
27373689	990	1000	precocious	T079	C1279930
27373689	1001	1010	elevation	T082	C0702240
27373689	1014	1027	developmental	T080	C0458003
27373689	1028	1046	gene transcription	T045	C0040649
27373689	1078	1081	tip	T082	C1254362
27373689	1104	1117	prestalk cell	T025	C0007634
27373689	1118	1126	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27373689	1132	1147	developmentally	T080	C0458003
27373689	1150	1170	specified pstA cells	T025	C0007634
27373689	1179	1186	lineage	T078	C0282637
27373689	1189	1195	primed	T169	C0871133
27373689	1196	1209	pstV(A) cells	T025	C0007634
27373689	1232	1245	pstV(A) cells	T025	C0007634
27373689	1277	1290	morphogenesis	T040	C0026559
27373689	1310	1316	stages	T079	C1306673
27373689	1320	1331	development	T043	C0815089
27373689	1351	1358	lineage	T078	C0282637
27373689	1359	1366	priming	T169	C0871133
27373689	1411	1422	correlation	T080	C1707520
27373689	1431	1454	pstV(A) differentiation	T043	C0007589
27373689	1459	1467	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27373689	1468	1474	status	T080	C0449438
27373689	1482	1488	growth	T040	C0018270
27373689	1492	1511	cell cycle position	T043	C0007586
27373689	1527	1537	starvation	T033	C0038187
27373689	1553	1565	determinants	T169	C1521761
27373689	1578	1587	cell fate	T043	C1540661

27373772|t|ISX-9 can potentiate cell proliferation and neuronal commitment in the rat dentate gyrus
27373772|a|Adult hippocampal neurogenesis can be modulated by various physiological and pathological conditions, including stress, affective disorders, and several neurological conditions. Given the proposed role of this form of structural plasticity in the functioning of the hippocampus (namely learning and memory and affective behaviors), it is believed that alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis might underlie some of the behavioral deficits associated with these psychiatric and neurological conditions. Thus, the search for compounds that can reverse these deficits with minimal side effects has become a recognized priority. In the present study we tested the pro-neurogenic effects of isoxazole 9 (Isx-9), a small synthetic molecule that has been recently identified through the screening of chemical libraries in stem cell-based assays. We found that administration of Isx-9 for 14days was able to potentiate cell proliferation and increase the number of immature neurons in the hippocampal DG of adult rats. In addition, Isx-9 treatment was able to completely reverse the marked reduction in these initial stages of the neurogenic process observed in vehicle - treated animals (which were submitted to repeated handling and exposure to daily intraperitoneal injections). Based on these results, we recommend that future neurogenesis studies that require repeated handling and manipulation of animals should include a naïve (non-manipulated) control to determine the baseline levels of hippocampal cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. Overall, these findings demonstrate that Isx-9 is a promising synthetic compound for the mitigation of stress - induced deficits in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Future studies are thus warranted to evaluate the pro-neurogenic properties of Isx-9 in animal models of affective and neurological disorders associated with impaired hippocampal structural plasticity.
27373772	0	5	ISX-9	T109	C0022266
27373772	21	39	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27373772	44	52	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27373772	53	63	commitment	T043	C1160036
27373772	71	74	rat	T015	C0086893
27373772	75	88	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
27373772	89	94	Adult	T100	C0001675
27373772	95	106	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27373772	107	119	neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
27373772	127	136	modulated	T082	C0443264
27373772	148	161	physiological	T039	C1254359
27373772	166	189	pathological conditions	T046	C0752135
27373772	201	207	stress	T033	C0038435
27373772	209	228	affective disorders	T048	C0525045
27373772	242	254	neurological	T080	C0205494
27373772	255	265	conditions	T080	C0348080
27373772	307	328	structural plasticity	T042	C1254358
27373772	336	347	functioning	T039	C0031843
27373772	355	366	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27373772	375	383	learning	T041	C0023185
27373772	388	394	memory	T041	C0025260
27373772	399	408	affective	T078	C0243150
27373772	409	418	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27373772	441	452	alterations	T078	C1515926
27373772	456	467	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27373772	468	480	neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
27373772	508	518	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27373772	519	527	deficits	T080	C2987487
27373772	528	543	associated with	T080	C0332281
27373772	550	561	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
27373772	566	578	neurological	T080	C0205494
27373772	579	589	conditions	T080	C0348080
27373772	601	607	search	T052	C1706202
27373772	612	621	compounds	T121	C1254351
27373772	631	638	reverse	T169	C1555029
27373772	645	653	deficits	T080	C2987487
27373772	659	666	minimal	T080	C0547040
27373772	667	679	side effects	T046	C0879626
27373772	729	734	study	T062	C0008972
27373772	738	744	tested	T169	C0039593
27373772	749	763	pro-neurogenic	T080	C0205494
27373772	764	771	effects	T080	C1280500
27373772	775	786	isoxazole 9	T109	C0022266
27373772	788	793	Isx-9	T109	C0022266
27373772	804	813	synthetic	T052	C1883254
27373772	814	822	molecule	T167	C0567416
27373772	846	856	identified	T080	C0205396
27373772	869	900	screening of chemical libraries	T059	C0373483
27373772	904	926	stem cell-based assays	T059	C0009385
27373772	942	956	administration	T061	C1533734
27373772	960	965	Isx-9	T109	C0022266
27373772	1000	1018	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27373772	1023	1031	increase	T169	C0442805
27373772	1036	1042	number	T081	C0237753
27373772	1046	1054	immature	T080	C0205252
27373772	1055	1062	neurons	T025	C0027882
27373772	1070	1081	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27373772	1082	1084	DG	T023	C0152314
27373772	1088	1093	adult	T100	C0001675
27373772	1094	1098	rats	T015	C0086893
27373772	1100	1111	In addition	T169	C0332287
27373772	1113	1118	Isx-9	T109	C0022266
27373772	1119	1128	treatment	T061	C0087111
27373772	1141	1151	completely	T080	C0205197
27373772	1152	1159	reverse	T169	C1555029
27373772	1164	1170	marked	T080	C1706089
27373772	1171	1180	reduction	T080	C0392756
27373772	1190	1197	initial	T079	C0205265
27373772	1198	1204	stages	T079	C0205390
27373772	1212	1230	neurogenic process	T042	C1518289
27373772	1231	1239	observed	T169	C1441672
27373772	1243	1250	vehicle	T122	C0042444
27373772	1253	1260	treated	T169	C1522326
27373772	1261	1268	animals	T008	C0003062
27373772	1294	1302	repeated	T169	C0205341
27373772	1303	1311	handling	T059	C0037793
27373772	1316	1327	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27373772	1328	1333	daily	T079	C0332173
27373772	1334	1360	intraperitoneal injections	T061	C0021493
27373772	1378	1385	results	T034	C1254595
27373772	1412	1424	neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
27373772	1425	1432	studies	T062	C0008972
27373772	1446	1454	repeated	T169	C0205341
27373772	1455	1463	handling	T059	C0037793
27373772	1468	1480	manipulation	T061	C0947647
27373772	1484	1491	animals	T008	C0003062
27373772	1533	1540	control	T080	C0243148
27373772	1558	1566	baseline	T081	C1442488
27373772	1567	1573	levels	T080	C0441889
27373772	1577	1588	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27373772	1589	1607	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27373772	1612	1620	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27373772	1621	1636	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27373772	1653	1661	findings	T033	C2825141
27373772	1679	1684	Isx-9	T109	C0022266
27373772	1700	1709	synthetic	T052	C1883254
27373772	1710	1718	compound	T121	C1254351
27373772	1727	1737	mitigation	T067	C1553901
27373772	1741	1747	stress	T033	C0038435
27373772	1750	1757	induced	T169	C0205263
27373772	1758	1766	deficits	T080	C2987487
27373772	1770	1775	adult	T100	C0001675
27373772	1776	1787	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27373772	1788	1800	neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
27373772	1809	1816	studies	T062	C0008972
27373772	1839	1847	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27373772	1852	1866	pro-neurogenic	T080	C0205494
27373772	1867	1877	properties	T080	C0871161
27373772	1881	1886	Isx-9	T109	C0022266
27373772	1890	1903	animal models	T008	C0599779
27373772	1907	1916	affective	T048	C0525045
27373772	1921	1943	neurological disorders	T047	C0027765
27373772	1944	1959	associated with	T080	C0332281
27373772	1960	1968	impaired	T169	C0221099
27373772	1969	1980	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27373772	1981	2002	structural plasticity	T042	C1254358

27373836|t|NBLAST: Rapid, Sensitive Comparison of Neuronal Structure and Construction of Neuron Family Databases
27373836|a|Neural circuit mapping is generating datasets of tens of thousands of labeled neurons. New computational tools are needed to search and organize these data. We present NBLAST, a sensitive and rapid algorithm, for measuring pairwise neuronal similarity. NBLAST considers both position and local geometry, decomposing neurons into short segments; matched segments are scored using a probabilistic scoring matrix defined by statistics of matches and non-matches. We validated NBLAST on a published dataset of 16,129 single Drosophila neurons. NBLAST can distinguish neuronal types down to the finest level (single identified neurons) without a priori information. Cluster analysis of extensively studied neuronal classes identified new types and unreported topographical features. Fully automated clustering organized the validation dataset into 1,052 clusters, many of which map onto previously described neuronal types. NBLAST supports additional query types, including searching neurons against transgene expression patterns. Finally, we show that NBLAST is effective with data from other invertebrates and zebrafish.
27373836	0	6	NBLAST	T170	C2698333
27373836	8	13	Rapid	T080	C0456962
27373836	15	24	Sensitive	T169	C0332324
27373836	25	35	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27373836	39	47	Neuronal	T025	C0027882
27373836	48	57	Structure	T082	C0678594
27373836	62	74	Construction	T169	C0205245
27373836	78	84	Neuron	T025	C0027882
27373836	85	101	Family Databases	T170	C0242356
27373836	102	124	Neural circuit mapping	T052	C1283195
27373836	139	147	datasets	T170	C0150098
27373836	172	179	labeled	T080	C1708632
27373836	180	187	neurons	T025	C0027882
27373836	193	206	computational	T052	C1880157
27373836	207	212	tools	T170	C0037589
27373836	227	233	search	T052	C1706202
27373836	238	246	organize	T169	C1300196
27373836	253	257	data	T078	C1511726
27373836	270	276	NBLAST	T170	C2698333
27373836	280	289	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27373836	294	299	rapid	T080	C0456962
27373836	300	309	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27373836	315	324	measuring	T080	C0444706
27373836	325	353	pairwise neuronal similarity	T052	C0441655
27373836	355	361	NBLAST	T170	C2698333
27373836	377	385	position	T082	C1550045
27373836	390	395	local	T082	C0205276
27373836	396	404	geometry	T082	C1254362
27373836	406	417	decomposing	T052	C0441655
27373836	418	425	neurons	T025	C0027882
27373836	431	436	short	T081	C1806781
27373836	437	445	segments	T082	C0442059
27373836	447	454	matched	T080	C1708943
27373836	455	463	segments	T082	C0442059
27373836	468	474	scored	T081	C0449820
27373836	483	511	probabilistic scoring matrix	T081	C2717845
27373836	523	533	statistics	UnknownType	C0681933
27373836	537	544	matches	T080	C1708943
27373836	549	560	non-matches	T080	C0205556
27373836	575	581	NBLAST	T170	C2698333
27373836	587	596	published	T057	C0034037
27373836	597	604	dataset	T170	C0150098
27373836	615	621	single	T081	C0205171
27373836	622	632	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
27373836	633	640	neurons	T025	C0027882
27373836	642	648	NBLAST	T170	C2698333
27373836	665	673	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27373836	674	679	types	T080	C0332307
27373836	680	684	down	T082	C0205104
27373836	692	698	finest	T080	C0205232
27373836	699	704	level	T080	C0441889
27373836	706	712	single	T081	C0205171
27373836	713	723	identified	T080	C0205396
27373836	724	731	neurons	T025	C0027882
27373836	743	761	priori information	T078	C1533716
27373836	763	779	Cluster analysis	T062	C0009085
27373836	803	811	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27373836	812	819	classes	T170	C0456387
27373836	820	830	identified	T080	C0205396
27373836	835	840	types	T080	C0332307
27373836	845	855	unreported	T033	C1549114
27373836	856	878	topographical features	T080	C1521970
27373836	880	906	Fully automated clustering	T062	C0009085
27373836	907	916	organized	T169	C1300196
27373836	921	931	validation	T062	C1519941
27373836	932	939	dataset	T170	C0150098
27373836	951	959	clusters	T081	C1704332
27373836	975	978	map	T052	C1283195
27373836	1005	1013	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27373836	1014	1019	types	T080	C0332307
27373836	1021	1027	NBLAST	T170	C2698333
27373836	1048	1053	query	T170	C1522634
27373836	1054	1059	types	T080	C0332307
27373836	1071	1080	searching	T052	C1706202
27373836	1081	1088	neurons	T025	C0027882
27373836	1097	1126	transgene expression patterns	T082	C0449774
27373836	1150	1156	NBLAST	T170	C2698333
27373836	1175	1179	data	T078	C1511726
27373836	1191	1204	invertebrates	T204	C0021948
27373836	1209	1218	zebrafish	T013	C0043457

27373893|t|Components of treatment delay in rheumatoid arthritis differ according to autoantibody status: validation of a single-centre observation using national audit data
27373893|a|To determine whether time to treatment following symptom onset differs between RA patients according to autoantibody status. A single-centre retrospective analysis of a UK early RA inception cohort was first undertaken to identify those components of the patient journey that differed by serological subtype. Data from a UK national audit of early inflammatory arthritis patients was accessed to replicate the key finding. A total of 173 RA patients were diagnosed over a 31- month period, of whom 80 (46%) were ACPA/RF double-seropositive (ACPA(+)/RF(+)), 53 (31%) ACPA(-)/RF(-), 17 (10%) ACPA(+)/RF(-) and 23 (13%) RF(+)/ACPA(-) Overall, ACPA(+)/RF(+) patients experienced significantly longer symptom duration before DMARD initiation. This was accounted for by delays in their presentation to primary care following symptom onset -a finding that was robustly confirmed in an independent dataset of 2192 UK early RA patients. In contrast, ACPA(-)/RF(-) patients were significantly more likely to experience delays in DMARD initiation after presenting to secondary care. Causes of treatment delays in early RA differ according to patients ' autoantibody status. More insidious symptom onset and/or distinct health-seeking behaviours among ACPA(+)/RF(+) patients may contribute to late presentations in primary care, whereas ACPA(-)/RF(-) patients experience delayed diagnosis and treatment in secondary care. These observations inform the research agenda, potentially influencing the design of service delivery for early arthritis patients.
27373893	14	23	treatment	T061	C0087111
27373893	24	29	delay	T079	C0205421
27373893	33	53	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27373893	54	60	differ	T080	C1705242
27373893	74	86	autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
27373893	87	93	status	T080	C0449438
27373893	95	105	validation	T062	C1519941
27373893	125	136	observation	T169	C1441672
27373893	137	142	using	T169	C1524063
27373893	143	151	national	T082	C0681788
27373893	152	157	audit	T169	C1704775
27373893	158	162	data	T078	C1511726
27373893	184	201	time to treatment	T079	C3494202
27373893	202	211	following	T079	C0332282
27373893	212	225	symptom onset	T079	C4086878
27373893	226	233	differs	T080	C1705242
27373893	242	244	RA	T047	C0003873
27373893	245	253	patients	T101	C0030705
27373893	267	279	autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
27373893	280	286	status	T080	C0449438
27373893	304	317	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27373893	318	326	analysis	T062	C0936012
27373893	332	334	UK	T083	C0041700
27373893	341	343	RA	T047	C0003873
27373893	344	360	inception cohort	UnknownType	C0150101
27373893	385	393	identify	T080	C0205396
27373893	418	425	patient	T101	C0030705
27373893	426	433	journey	T169	C1280477
27373893	439	447	differed	T080	C1705242
27373893	451	462	serological	T169	C0205473
27373893	463	470	subtype	T185	C0449560
27373893	472	476	Data	T078	C1511726
27373893	484	486	UK	T083	C0041700
27373893	487	495	national	T082	C0681788
27373893	496	501	audit	T169	C1704775
27373893	511	533	inflammatory arthritis	T047	C0003864
27373893	534	542	patients	T101	C0030705
27373893	547	555	accessed	T082	C0444454
27373893	559	568	replicate	T080	C1883725
27373893	577	584	finding	T033	C0243095
27373893	601	603	RA	T047	C0003873
27373893	604	612	patients	T101	C0030705
27373893	618	627	diagnosed	T060	C0430022
27373893	628	632	over	T079	C0347984
27373893	639	644	month	T079	C0439231
27373893	645	651	period	T079	C1948053
27373893	675	702	ACPA/RF double-seropositive	T034	C1254360
27373893	704	717	ACPA(+)/RF(+)	T034	C1254360
27373893	729	742	ACPA(-)/RF(-)	T034	C1254360
27373893	753	766	ACPA(+)/RF(-)	T034	C1254360
27373893	780	793	RF(+)/ACPA(-)	T034	C1254360
27373893	803	816	ACPA(+)/RF(+)	T034	C1254360
27373893	817	825	patients	T101	C0030705
27373893	852	858	longer	T080	C0205166
27373893	859	875	symptom duration	T079	C0436359
27373893	883	888	DMARD	T121	C0242708
27373893	889	899	initiation	T169	C1704686
27373893	927	933	delays	T079	C0205421
27373893	959	971	primary care	T058	C0033137
27373893	972	981	following	T079	C0332282
27373893	982	995	symptom onset	T079	C4086878
27373893	999	1006	finding	T033	C0243095
27373893	1025	1034	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27373893	1041	1052	independent	T169	C0332291
27373893	1053	1060	dataset	T170	C0150098
27373893	1069	1071	UK	T083	C0041700
27373893	1078	1080	RA	T047	C0003873
27373893	1081	1089	patients	T101	C0030705
27373893	1104	1126	ACPA(-)/RF(-) patients	T034	C1254360
27373893	1118	1126	patients	T101	C0030705
27373893	1172	1178	delays	T079	C0205421
27373893	1182	1187	DMARD	T121	C0242708
27373893	1188	1198	initiation	T169	C1704686
27373893	1219	1233	secondary care	T058	C3494402
27373893	1235	1241	Causes	T169	C0015127
27373893	1245	1254	treatment	T061	C0087111
27373893	1255	1261	delays	T079	C0205421
27373893	1271	1273	RA	T047	C0003873
27373893	1274	1280	differ	T080	C1705242
27373893	1294	1302	patients	T101	C0030705
27373893	1305	1317	autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
27373893	1318	1324	status	T080	C0449438
27373893	1331	1340	insidious	T080	C1288298
27373893	1341	1354	symptom onset	T079	C4086878
27373893	1371	1396	health-seeking behaviours	T055	C1321107
27373893	1403	1425	ACPA(+)/RF(+) patients	T034	C1254360
27373893	1417	1425	patients	T101	C0030705
27373893	1430	1440	contribute	T052	C1880177
27373893	1466	1478	primary care	T058	C0033137
27373893	1488	1510	ACPA(-)/RF(-) patients	T034	C1254360
27373893	1502	1510	patients	T101	C0030705
27373893	1522	1539	delayed diagnosis	T080	C2718036
27373893	1544	1553	treatment	T061	C0087111
27373893	1557	1571	secondary care	T058	C3494402
27373893	1579	1591	observations	T169	C1441672
27373893	1592	1598	inform	T058	C0700287
27373893	1603	1618	research agenda	T062	C0681798
27373893	1632	1643	influencing	T077	C4054723
27373893	1648	1654	design	T052	C1707689
27373893	1658	1674	service delivery	T058	C0011211
27373893	1679	1694	early arthritis	T047	C3899278
27373893	1695	1703	patients	T101	C0030705

27374109|t|Indications for embolization in a French level 1 trauma center
27374109|a|Abdominal trauma accounts for nearly 20% of all traumatic injuries. It often involves young patients sustaining multiple injuries, with a high associated mortality rate. Management should begin at the scene of injury and relies on a structured chain of care in order to transport the trauma patient to the appropriate hospital center. Management is multi-disciplinary, involving intensive care specialists, surgeons and radiologists. Imaging to precisely define injury is best performed with whole body dual phase computed tomography, which can also identify the source of bleeding. Non-operative management has developed considerably over the years: this includes selective embolization in case of active bleeding or vascular anomalies in stable or stabilized patients after resuscitation. Embolization has become one of the corner stones of abdominal trauma management and interventional radiologists must play an active role on the trauma team. This overview details the different embolization procedures according to the involved organ and embolic agent used.
27374109	0	11	Indications	T078	C0392360
27374109	16	28	embolization	T061	C0013931
27374109	34	62	French level 1 trauma center	T073,T093	C0040786
27374109	63	79	Abdominal trauma	T037	C0848377
27374109	111	129	traumatic injuries	T037	C3263723
27374109	149	154	young	T079	C0332239
27374109	155	163	patients	T101	C0030705
27374109	164	174	sustaining	T169	C0443318
27374109	175	192	multiple injuries	T037	C0026771
27374109	217	231	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27374109	233	243	Management	T057	C1273870
27374109	264	269	scene	T082	C0442504
27374109	273	279	injury	T037	C3263723
27374109	307	320	chain of care	T052	C1947933
27374109	347	353	trauma	T037	C3714660
27374109	354	361	patient	T101	C0030705
27374109	381	396	hospital center	T073,T093	C0019994
27374109	398	408	Management	T057	C1273870
27374109	412	430	multi-disciplinary	T058	C1144866
27374109	442	468	intensive care specialists	T097	C0586850
27374109	470	478	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27374109	483	495	radiologists	T097	C0260194
27374109	525	531	injury	T037	C3263723
27374109	555	596	whole body dual phase computed tomography	T060	C2321625
27374109	636	644	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27374109	646	670	Non-operative management	T057	C1273870
27374109	707	712	years	T079	C0439234
27374109	728	750	selective embolization	T061	C0013931
27374109	762	777	active bleeding	T046	C0019080
27374109	781	799	vascular anomalies	T190	C0158570
27374109	824	832	patients	T101	C0030705
27374109	839	852	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
27374109	854	866	Embolization	T061	C0013931
27374109	906	922	abdominal trauma	T037	C0848377
27374109	923	933	management	T057	C1273870
27374109	938	965	interventional radiologists	T097	C0260194
27374109	998	1009	trauma team	T097	C2729335
27374109	1047	1070	embolization procedures	T061	C0013931
27374109	1097	1102	organ	T023	C0178784
27374109	1107	1120	embolic agent	T120	C3273291

27374165|t|Early hippocampal volume loss as a marker of eventual memory deficits caused by repeated stress
27374165|a|Exposure to severe and prolonged stress has detrimental effects on the hippocampus. However, relatively little is known about the gradual changes in hippocampal structure, and its behavioral consequences, over the course of repeated stress. Behavioral analyses during 10 days of chronic stress pointed to a delayed decline in spatial memory, the full impact of which is evident only after the end of stress. In contrast, concurrent volumetric measurements in the same animals revealed significant reduction in hippocampal volumes in stressed animals relative to their unstressed counterparts, as early as the third day of stress. Notably, animals that were behaviorally the worst affected at the end of chronic stress suffered the most pronounced early loss in hippocampal volume. Together, these findings support the view that not only is smaller hippocampal volume linked to stress - induced memory deficits, but it may also act as an early risk factor for the eventual development of cognitive impairments seen in stress-related psychiatric disorders.
27374165	6	17	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27374165	18	29	volume loss	T033	C0243095
27374165	35	41	marker	T201	C0005516
27374165	54	69	memory deficits	T048	C0233794
27374165	80	95	repeated stress	T033	C0038435
27374165	96	107	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
27374165	108	114	severe	T080	C0205082
27374165	119	128	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27374165	129	135	stress	T033	C0038435
27374165	140	159	detrimental effects	T033	C0243095
27374165	167	178	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27374165	189	199	relatively	T080	C0205345
27374165	200	206	little	T081	C0700321
27374165	210	215	known	T080	C0205309
27374165	226	233	gradual	T080	C0439833
27374165	234	241	changes	T169	C0392747
27374165	245	266	hippocampal structure	T023	C0019564
27374165	276	286	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27374165	287	299	consequences	T169	C0686907
27374165	320	335	repeated stress	T033	C0038435
27374165	337	356	Behavioral analyses	T058	C1160858
27374165	375	389	chronic stress	UnknownType	C1510527
27374165	411	418	decline	T081	C0547047
27374165	422	436	spatial memory	T041	C0814087
27374165	447	453	impact	T080	C4049986
27374165	496	502	stress	T033	C0038435
27374165	517	527	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27374165	528	551	volumetric measurements	T081	C0079809
27374165	564	571	animals	T008	C0003062
27374165	593	602	reduction	T080	C0392756
27374165	606	617	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27374165	618	625	volumes	T081	C0392762
27374165	629	637	stressed	T033	C0038435
27374165	638	645	animals	T008	C0003062
27374165	664	687	unstressed counterparts	T033	C0231300
27374165	718	724	stress	T033	C0038435
27374165	735	742	animals	T008	C0003062
27374165	753	765	behaviorally	T053	C0004927
27374165	770	775	worst	T080	C1522166
27374165	776	784	affected	T169	C1292725
27374165	799	813	chronic stress	UnknownType	C1510527
27374165	814	822	suffered	T048	C0683278
27374165	843	875	early loss in hippocampal volume	T033	C0243095
27374165	944	955	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27374165	956	962	volume	T081	C0392762
27374165	973	979	stress	T033	C0038435
27374165	982	989	induced	T169	C0205263
27374165	990	1005	memory deficits	T048	C0233794
27374165	1039	1050	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27374165	1083	1104	cognitive impairments	T048	C0338656
27374165	1113	1149	stress-related psychiatric disorders	T048	C0599909

27374326|t|A novel functional full-fat hard cheese containing liposomal nanoencapsulated green tea catechins: manufacture and recovery following simulated digestion
27374326|a|(+)-Catechin or green tea extract were encapsulated in soy lecithin nanoliposomes and incorporated into a full-fat cheese, then ripened at 8 °C for 90 days. Cheese samples were subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion to measure total phenolic conten t (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the cheese digesta, and to determine the catechin recovery after digestion by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Addition of catechin or green tea extract significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased TPC and antioxidant activity (measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity) of the full-fat cheese without affecting pH or proximate composition. HPLC analysis confirmed retention of encapsulated catechins in the cheese curd; however, individual catechins were recovered in differing amounts (15-52%) from cheese digesta after 6 h of digestion. Transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided evidence for association of nanoliposomes with the surface of milk fat globules inside the cheese matrix. The study shows the potential for using cheese as a delivery vehicle for green tea antioxidants.
27374326	19	39	full-fat hard cheese	T168	C0452765
27374326	51	60	liposomal	T109	C1532143
27374326	61	77	nanoencapsulated	T080	C0205223
27374326	78	97	green tea catechins	T121	C1882421
27374326	99	110	manufacture	T057	C0870840
27374326	115	123	recovery	T052	C0237820
27374326	134	143	simulated	T062	C0679083
27374326	144	153	digestion	UnknownType	C0678869
27374326	154	166	(+)-Catechin	T109,T121	C0007404
27374326	170	187	green tea extract	T109,T121	C1704263
27374326	193	205	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27374326	209	221	soy lecithin	T109,T121,T123	C0872912
27374326	222	235	nanoliposomes	T109	C0023828
27374326	260	275	full-fat cheese	T168	C0007968
27374326	282	289	ripened	T038	C1160534
27374326	311	325	Cheese samples	T167	C3687786
27374326	344	353	simulated	T062	C0679083
27374326	354	380	gastrointestinal digestion	UnknownType	C0678869
27374326	392	413	total phenolic conten	T070	C0243177
27374326	398	406	phenolic	T109,T121	C0070570
27374326	417	420	TPC	T070	C0243177
27374326	426	446	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
27374326	454	460	cheese	T168	C0007968
27374326	461	468	digesta	T167	C0439861
27374326	491	499	catechin	T109,T121	C0007404
27374326	500	508	recovery	T052	C0237820
27374326	515	524	digestion	UnknownType	C0678869
27374326	528	566	high performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562
27374326	568	572	HPLC	T059	C0008562
27374326	575	583	Addition	T067	C0596304
27374326	587	595	catechin	T109,T121	C0007404
27374326	599	616	green tea extract	T109,T121	C1704263
27374326	652	655	TPC	T070	C0243177
27374326	660	680	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
27374326	694	727	ferric reducing antioxidant power	T059	C0022885
27374326	732	766	oxygen radical absorbance capacity	T059	C4277707
27374326	775	790	full-fat cheese	T168	C0007968
27374326	799	808	affecting	T169	C0392760
27374326	809	811	pH	T081	C0020283
27374326	815	836	proximate composition	T070	C0243176
27374326	838	851	HPLC analysis	T059	C0008562
27374326	862	871	retention	T169	C0333117
27374326	875	887	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27374326	888	897	catechins	T109,T121	C0007404
27374326	905	916	cheese curd	T168	C0016452
27374326	938	947	catechins	T109,T121	C0007404
27374326	998	1004	cheese	T168	C0007968
27374326	1005	1012	digesta	T167	C0439861
27374326	1026	1035	digestion	UnknownType	C0678869
27374326	1037	1069	Transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
27374326	1074	1113	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
27374326	1123	1131	evidence	T169	C0332120
27374326	1136	1147	association	T067	C0596306
27374326	1151	1164	nanoliposomes	T109	C0023828
27374326	1174	1181	surface	T082	C0205148
27374326	1185	1202	milk fat globules	T109	C0670751
27374326	1214	1220	cheese	T168	C0007968
27374326	1221	1227	matrix	T082	C1704640
27374326	1269	1275	cheese	T168	C0007968
27374326	1281	1297	delivery vehicle	T122	C0042444
27374326	1302	1324	green tea antioxidants	T121	C3273462

27374484|t|Plasmablastic transformation of plasma cell myeloma with heterotropic expression of CD3 and CD4: a case report
27374484|a|Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) can rarely be seen as a transformation from plasma cell myeloma (PCM), especially in late stages of the disease where it portends a poorer prognosis and a different line of management for the patient. When unrelated to PCM, PBL is considered to be a separate aggressive variant of B-cell lymphoma typically seen in the oral cavity of immunocompromised adults. We describe a case of plasmablastic transformation having a pan T-cell phenotype with CD3 and CD4 positivity, in an immunocompetent elderly lady diagnosed with PCM. This 60- year - old lady presented with worsening backache and a 2-cm skin nodule in the left cervical region, while she was on treatment with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, dexamethasone (VCD), and bortezomib. On biopsy, the skin nodule showed an infiltrating lymphoid tumor composed of immunoblastic cells with brisk mitosis and apoptosis. On Immunohistochemistry (IHC), lymphoid cells revealed plasma cell markers CD38, CD138, CD56, and MUM1. Pan-T-cell markers CD3 and CD4 were also diffusely expressed in tumor cells. B-cell markers CD20 and PAX5 were not expressed; c-Myc IHC and EBER by in situ hybridization (ISH) were negative in the tumor. Mitotic index by Ki67 was >95%. Thus, a diagnosis of plasmablastic transformation in a known PCM case was made. This is the first case, to the best of our knowledge, with a heterotropic T-cell phenotype in a plasmablastic transformation from PCM. It is critical to correctly diagnose such cases as they may occasionally be misinterpreted as T-cell neoplasms. Clinically, a more aggressive treatment is indicated for such patients. Further studies in these cases may enhance our understanding of complex underpinnings of lymphoma biology.
27374484	0	28	Plasmablastic transformation	T043	C0040682
27374484	32	51	plasma cell myeloma	T191	C0026764
27374484	57	80	heterotropic expression	T045	C1171362
27374484	84	87	CD3	T116,T129	C0108779
27374484	92	95	CD4	T116,T129,T192	C0003323
27374484	99	110	case report	T170	C0007320
27374484	111	133	Plasmablastic lymphoma	T191	C3472614
27374484	135	138	PBL	T191	C3472614
27374484	164	178	transformation	T043	C0040682
27374484	184	203	plasma cell myeloma	T191	C1532559
27374484	205	208	PCM	T191	C1532559
27374484	225	236	late stages	T079	C1279941
27374484	244	251	disease	T047	C0012634
27374484	272	288	poorer prognosis	T033	C0278252
27374484	313	323	management	T058	C0376636
27374484	332	339	patient	T101	C0030705
27374484	359	362	PCM	T191	C0026764
27374484	364	367	PBL	T191	C3472614
27374484	399	417	aggressive variant	T080	C0205419
27374484	421	436	B-cell lymphoma	T191	C0079731
27374484	459	470	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
27374484	474	491	immunocompromised	T033	C0085393
27374484	492	498	adults	T100	C0001675
27374484	522	550	plasmablastic transformation	T043	C0040682
27374484	560	580	pan T-cell phenotype	T116,T129	C0108779
27374484	586	589	CD3	T116,T129	C0108779
27374484	594	597	CD4	T116,T129,T192	C0003323
27374484	616	631	immunocompetent	T201	C1512656
27374484	632	644	elderly lady	T100	C0524338
27374484	645	654	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27374484	660	663	PCM	T191	C1532559
27374484	674	678	year	T079	C0439234
27374484	681	689	old lady	T100	C0524338
27374484	705	714	worsening	T033	C1457868
27374484	715	723	backache	T184	C0004604
27374484	735	746	skin nodule	T020	C0037287
27374484	754	774	left cervical region	T029	C0556956
27374484	793	802	treatment	T061	C0087111
27374484	808	819	vincristine	T109,T121	C0042679
27374484	821	837	cyclophosphamide	T109,T121	C0010583
27374484	839	852	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27374484	854	857	VCD	T109,T121	C0011777
27374484	864	874	bortezomib	T109,T121	C1176309
27374484	879	885	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27374484	891	902	skin nodule	T020	C0037287
27374484	913	925	infiltrating	T046	C0332448
27374484	926	940	lymphoid tumor	T191	C0598798
27374484	953	972	immunoblastic cells	T025	C0024264
27374484	984	991	mitosis	T043	C0026255
27374484	996	1005	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27374484	1010	1030	Immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27374484	1032	1035	IHC	T060	C0021044
27374484	1038	1052	lymphoid cells	T025	C0086574
27374484	1062	1073	plasma cell	T025	C0032112
27374484	1074	1081	markers	T201	C0005516
27374484	1082	1086	CD38	T116	C0075742
27374484	1088	1093	CD138	T116,T123	C1609943
27374484	1095	1099	CD56	T116,T129	C0108754
27374484	1105	1109	MUM1	T116,T123	C0299544
27374484	1111	1129	Pan-T-cell markers	T116,T129	C0108779
27374484	1130	1133	CD3	T116,T129	C0108779
27374484	1138	1141	CD4	T116,T129,T192	C0003323
27374484	1152	1171	diffusely expressed	T045	C1171362
27374484	1175	1186	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27374484	1188	1202	B-cell markers	T129	C0443980
27374484	1203	1207	CD20	T116,T129	C0054946
27374484	1212	1216	PAX5	T116,T123	C0167636
27374484	1237	1242	c-Myc	T028	C0079068
27374484	1243	1246	IHC	T060	C0021044
27374484	1251	1255	EBER	T116,T123	C0033684
27374484	1259	1280	in situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
27374484	1282	1285	ISH	T063	C0162788
27374484	1292	1300	negative	T033	C1513916
27374484	1308	1313	tumor	T191	C0027651
27374484	1315	1328	Mitotic index	T034	C0812425
27374484	1332	1336	Ki67	T059	C4049944
27374484	1355	1364	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27374484	1368	1396	plasmablastic transformation	T043	C0040682
27374484	1408	1411	PCM	T191	C1532559
27374484	1488	1517	heterotropic T-cell phenotype	T130	C2826610
27374484	1523	1551	plasmablastic transformation	T043	C0040682
27374484	1557	1560	PCM	T191	C0026764
27374484	1590	1598	diagnose	T033	C0011900
27374484	1656	1662	T-cell	T025	C0039194
27374484	1663	1672	neoplasms	T191	C0027651
27374484	1674	1684	Clinically	T080	C0205210
27374484	1693	1713	aggressive treatment	T061	C0087111
27374484	1736	1744	patients	T101	C0030705
27374484	1754	1761	studies	T062	C2603343
27374484	1771	1776	cases	T169	C0868928
27374484	1781	1788	enhance	T169	C0442805
27374484	1810	1817	complex	T080	C0439855
27374484	1818	1831	underpinnings	T204	C1031756
27374484	1835	1843	lymphoma	T191	C0024299
27374484	1844	1851	biology	T091	C0005532

27374919|t|pH affects bacterial community composition in soils across the Huashan Watershed, China
27374919|a|To investigate soil bacterial richness and diversity and to determine the correlations between bacterial communities and soil properties, 8 soil samples were collected from the Huashan watershed in Anhui, China. Subsequently, 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to examine the soil bacterial community compositions. The operational taxonomic unit richness of the bacterial community ranged from 3664 to 5899, and the diversity indices, including Chao1, Shannon-Wiener, and Faith's phylogenetic diversity ranged from 7751 to 15 204, 7.386 to 8.327, and 415.77 to 679.11, respectively. The 2 most dominant phyla in the soil samples were Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The richness and diversity of the bacterial community were positively correlated with soil pH. The Mantel test revealed that the soil pH was the dominant factor influencing the bacterial community. The positive modular structure of co-occurrence patterns at the genus level was discovered by network analysis. The results obtained in this study provide useful information that enhances our understanding of the effects of soil properties on the bacterial communities.
27374919	0	2	pH	T081	C0020283
27374919	11	20	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27374919	21	30	community	T096	C0009462
27374919	31	42	composition	T201	C0486616
27374919	46	51	soils	T167	C0037592
27374919	63	80	Huashan Watershed	T083	C0017446
27374919	82	87	China	T083	C0008115
27374919	103	107	soil	T167	C0037592
27374919	108	117	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27374919	118	126	richness	T080	C0699759
27374919	131	140	diversity	T080	C0282469
27374919	162	174	correlations	T080	C1707520
27374919	183	192	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27374919	193	204	communities	T096	C0009462
27374919	209	213	soil	T167	C0037592
27374919	214	224	properties	T080	C0871161
27374919	228	240	soil samples	T167	C3687777
27374919	265	282	Huashan watershed	T083	C0017446
27374919	286	291	Anhui	T083	C0017446
27374919	293	298	China	T083	C0008115
27374919	318	348	high-throughput pyrosequencing	T059	C2732543
27374919	353	376	bioinformatics analyses	T063	C3824722
27374919	407	411	soil	T167	C0037592
27374919	412	421	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27374919	422	431	community	T096	C0009462
27374919	432	444	compositions	T201	C0486616
27374919	450	476	operational taxonomic unit	T062	C0683955
27374919	477	485	richness	T080	C0699759
27374919	493	502	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27374919	503	512	community	T096	C0009462
27374919	547	564	diversity indices	T081	C0392762
27374919	576	581	Chao1	T081	C0392762
27374919	611	623	phylogenetic	T080	C1519069
27374919	624	633	diversity	T080	C0282469
27374919	734	739	phyla	T185	C1709533
27374919	747	759	soil samples	T167	C3687777
27374919	765	779	Actinobacteria	T007	C1456432
27374919	784	798	Proteobacteria	T007	C0751985
27374919	804	812	richness	T080	C0699759
27374919	817	826	diversity	T080	C0282469
27374919	834	843	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27374919	844	853	community	T096	C0009462
27374919	886	890	soil	T167	C0037592
27374919	891	893	pH	T081	C0020283
27374919	899	910	Mantel test	T170	C0237913
27374919	929	933	soil	T167	C0037592
27374919	934	936	pH	T081	C0020283
27374919	977	986	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27374919	987	996	community	T096	C0009462
27374919	1011	1028	modular structure	T170	C0687114
27374919	1032	1054	co-occurrence patterns	T169	C0243132
27374919	1062	1067	genus	T185	C1708235
27374919	1068	1073	level	T080	C0441889
27374919	1092	1108	network analysis	T170	C0868995
27374919	1139	1144	study	T062	C2603343
27374919	1211	1218	effects	T080	C1280500
27374919	1222	1226	soil	T167	C0037592
27374919	1227	1237	properties	T080	C0871161
27374919	1245	1254	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27374919	1255	1266	communities	T096	C0009462

27375283|t|Long-term lamivudine therapy in chronic hepatitis B
27375283|a|One to 5 years of therapy of chronic hepatitis B with oral nucleoside analogues result in significant clinical improvements, but effects of more prolonged therapy are not well defined. To describe outcomes of chronic hepatitis B with long-term lamivudine therapy. Forty-two patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with lamivudine were followed for 3.2-19.5 (median = 16.1) years. Therapy was switched to other agents (n = 16) if patients developed lamivudine resistance and relapse of disease. Among 22 HBeAg-positive patients, 17 (77%) became HBeAg negative, of whom 5 (23%) subsequently cleared HBsAg. Among 20 HBeAg-negative patients, 10 (50%) cleared HBsAg. The time to HBsAg clearance ranged from 0.9 to 16.8 (median = 9.3) years. Lamivudine resistance arose in 24 patients (57%) of whom 6 (25%) lost HBsAg. HBsAg clearance was not always accompanied by seroconversion; anti-HBs appearing concurrently in only five patients (33%). Nevertheless, HBsAg loss allowed for stopping therapy in all patients, none re-developing HBsAg or suffering relapse; all having normal alanine aminotransferase levels and no (n = 13) or unquantifiable HBV DNA levels (n = 2) when last seen. In contrast, seven of 27 patients (26%) who remained HBsAg-positive died of liver disease or liver cancer or underwent liver transplantation, all of whom had cirrhosis. Long-term viral suppression with nucleoside analogues leads to HBsAg loss in a substantial proportion of patients, particularly if HBeAg-negative. Serious outcomes during the first 10-20 years of treatment occur largely among patients with pre-existing cirrhosis who do not clear HBsAg with therapy.
27375283	0	28	Long-term lamivudine therapy	T061	C0420257
27375283	32	51	chronic hepatitis B	T047	C0524909
27375283	70	77	therapy	T061	C0087111
27375283	81	100	chronic hepatitis B	T047	C0524909
27375283	106	110	oral	T169	C1527415
27375283	111	131	nucleoside analogues	T114,T121	C1579410
27375283	154	162	clinical	T080	C0205210
27375283	163	175	improvements	T077	C2986411
27375283	181	191	effects of	T080	C1704420
27375283	197	214	prolonged therapy	T061	C0420257
27375283	249	257	outcomes	T058	C0033325
27375283	261	280	chronic hepatitis B	T047	C0524909
27375283	286	314	long-term lamivudine therapy	T061	C0420257
27375283	326	334	patients	T101	C0030705
27375283	340	359	chronic hepatitis B	T047	C0524909
27375283	360	372	treated with	T061	C0332293
27375283	373	383	lamivudine	T114,T121	C0209738
27375283	434	441	Therapy	T061	C0087111
27375283	464	470	agents	T121	C1254351
27375283	483	491	patients	T101	C0030705
27375283	502	512	lamivudine	T114,T121	C0209738
27375283	513	523	resistance	T038	C0013203
27375283	528	546	relapse of disease	T047	C0277556
27375283	557	571	HBeAg-positive	T034	C0392390
27375283	572	580	patients	T101	C0030705
27375283	598	612	HBeAg negative	T034	C0948827
27375283	643	650	cleared	T039	C0312550
27375283	651	656	HBsAg	T121,T129	C0019168
27375283	667	681	HBeAg-negative	T034	C0948827
27375283	682	690	patients	T101	C0030705
27375283	701	708	cleared	T039	C0312550
27375283	709	714	HBsAg	T121,T129	C0019168
27375283	728	733	HBsAg	T121,T129	C0019168
27375283	734	743	clearance	T039	C0312550
27375283	790	800	Lamivudine	T114,T121	C0209738
27375283	801	811	resistance	T038	C0013203
27375283	824	832	patients	T101	C0030705
27375283	860	865	HBsAg	T121,T129	C0019168
27375283	867	872	HBsAg	T121,T129	C0019168
27375283	873	882	clearance	T039	C0312550
27375283	913	927	seroconversion	T070	C4042908
27375283	929	937	anti-HBs	T059	C0948254
27375283	974	982	patients	T101	C0030705
27375283	1004	1009	HBsAg	T121,T129	C0019168
27375283	1036	1043	therapy	T061	C0087111
27375283	1051	1059	patients	T101	C0030705
27375283	1080	1085	HBsAg	T121,T129	C0019168
27375283	1099	1106	relapse	T047	C0277556
27375283	1126	1157	alanine aminotransferase levels	T059	C0201836
27375283	1192	1206	HBV DNA levels	T059	C3641250
27375283	1256	1264	patients	T101	C0030705
27375283	1284	1298	HBsAg-positive	T034	C0149709
27375283	1299	1303	died	T033	C1306577
27375283	1307	1320	liver disease	T047	C0023895
27375283	1324	1336	liver cancer	T191	C0345904
27375283	1350	1371	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911
27375283	1389	1398	cirrhosis	T047	C0023890
27375283	1400	1409	Long-term	T079	C0443252
27375283	1410	1415	viral	T005	C0042776
27375283	1416	1427	suppression	T061	C0021079
27375283	1433	1453	nucleoside analogues	T114,T121	C1579410
27375283	1463	1468	HBsAg	T121,T129	C0019168
27375283	1491	1501	proportion	T081	C1709707
27375283	1505	1513	patients	T101	C0030705
27375283	1531	1545	HBeAg-negative	T034	C0948827
27375283	1555	1563	outcomes	T058	C0033325
27375283	1596	1605	treatment	T061	C0087111
27375283	1626	1634	patients	T101	C0030705
27375283	1640	1652	pre-existing	T080	C2347662
27375283	1653	1662	cirrhosis	T047	C0023890
27375283	1674	1679	clear	T039	C0312550
27375283	1680	1685	HBsAg	T121,T129	C0019168
27375283	1691	1698	therapy	T061	C0087111

27375428|t|The Enigma of the Dichotomic Pressure Response of GluN1-4a / b Splice Variants of NMDA Receptor: Experimental and Statistical Analyses
27375428|a|Professional deep-water divers, exposed to hyperbaric pressure (HP) above 1.1 MPa, develop High Pressure Neurological Syndrome (HPNS), which is associated with central nervous system (CNS) hyperexcitability. It was previously reported that HP augments N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) synaptic response, increases neuronal excitability and potentially causes irreversible neuronal damage. Our laboratory has reported differential current responses under HP conditions in NMDAR subtypes that contain either GluN1-1a or GluN1-1b splice variants co-expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes with all four GluN2 subunits. Recently, we reported that the increase in ionic currents measured under HP conditions is also dependent on which of the eight splice variants of GluN1 is co-expressed with the GluN2 subunit. We now report that the NMDAR subtype that contains GluN1-4a/b splice variants exhibited "dichotomic" (either increased or decreased) response s at HP. The distribution of the results is not normal thus analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and clustering analysis were employed for statistical verification of the grouping. Furthermore, the calculated constants of alpha function distribution analysis for the two groups were similar, suggesting that the mechanism underlying the switch between an increase or a decrease of the current at HP is a single process, the nature of which is still unknown. This dichotomic response of the GluN1-4a / b splice variant may be used as a model for studying reduced response in NMDAR at HP. Successful reversal of other NMDAR subtypes response (i.e., current reduction) may allow the elimination of the reversible malfunctioning short term effects (HPNS), or even deleterious long term effects induced by increased NMDAR function during HP exposure.
27375428	18	37	Dichotomic Pressure	T067	C0033095
27375428	38	46	Response	T032	C0871261
27375428	50	58	GluN1-4a	T116,T192	C2936399
27375428	61	62	b	T116,T192	C2936399
27375428	63	78	Splice Variants	T116	C1720834
27375428	82	95	NMDA Receptor	T116,T192	C0080093
27375428	97	109	Experimental	T062	C0015320
27375428	114	134	Statistical Analyses	T062	C0871424
27375428	135	165	Professional deep-water divers	T097	C0403082
27375428	178	197	hyperbaric pressure	T067	C0033095
27375428	199	201	HP	T067	C0033095
27375428	226	261	High Pressure Neurological Syndrome	T047	C0019537
27375428	263	267	HPNS	T047	C0019537
27375428	279	294	associated with	T080	C0332281
27375428	295	317	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27375428	319	322	CNS	T022	C3714787
27375428	324	341	hyperexcitability	T042	C0814034
27375428	375	377	HP	T067	C0033095
27375428	387	416	N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor	T116,T192	C0080093
27375428	418	423	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27375428	425	442	synaptic response	T043	C0007613
27375428	444	453	increases	T169	C0442805
27375428	454	462	neuronal	T169	C3714606
27375428	463	475	excitability	T184	C0235169
27375428	499	511	irreversible	T169	C0205245
27375428	512	527	neuronal damage	T037	C1709216
27375428	533	543	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27375428	557	577	differential current	T070	C1254365
27375428	578	587	responses	T032	C0871261
27375428	594	596	HP	T067	C0033095
27375428	597	607	conditions	T080	C0348080
27375428	611	616	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27375428	617	625	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27375428	646	654	GluN1-1a	T116,T192	C2936399
27375428	658	666	GluN1-1b	T116,T192	C2936399
27375428	667	682	splice variants	T116	C1720834
27375428	683	695	co-expressed	T045	C1171362
27375428	699	713	Xenopus laevis	T011	C0043343
27375428	714	721	oocytes	T025	C0029045
27375428	736	741	GluN2	T116,T192	C2936399
27375428	783	791	increase	T169	C0442805
27375428	795	809	ionic currents	T070	C1254365
27375428	810	818	measured	T080	C0444706
27375428	825	827	HP	T067	C0033095
27375428	828	838	conditions	T080	C0348080
27375428	879	894	splice variants	T116	C1720834
27375428	898	903	GluN1	T116,T192	C2936399
27375428	907	919	co-expressed	T045	C1171362
27375428	929	934	GluN2	T116,T192	C2936399
27375428	967	972	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27375428	973	980	subtype	T185	C0449560
27375428	995	1005	GluN1-4a/b	T116,T192	C2936399
27375428	1006	1021	splice variants	T116	C1720834
27375428	1053	1062	increased	T081	C0205217
27375428	1066	1075	decreased	T081	C0205216
27375428	1077	1085	response	T032	C0871261
27375428	1091	1093	HP	T067	C0033095
27375428	1119	1126	results	T169	C1274040
27375428	1146	1166	analysis of variance	T081	C0002780
27375428	1168	1173	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27375428	1184	1203	clustering analysis	T062	C0009085
27375428	1222	1246	statistical verification	T080	C0237940
27375428	1254	1262	grouping	T169	C1522242
27375428	1281	1291	calculated	T169	C0444686
27375428	1292	1301	constants	T081	C0392762
27375428	1305	1319	alpha function	T170	C1705273
27375428	1320	1341	distribution analysis	T062	C0936012
27375428	1354	1360	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27375428	1395	1404	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27375428	1438	1446	increase	T169	C0442805
27375428	1452	1460	decrease	T081	C0547047
27375428	1468	1475	current	T070	C1254365
27375428	1479	1481	HP	T067	C0033095
27375428	1487	1493	single	T081	C0205171
27375428	1494	1501	process	T067	C1522240
27375428	1546	1565	dichotomic response	T032	C0871261
27375428	1573	1581	GluN1-4a	T116,T192	C2936399
27375428	1584	1585	b	T116,T192	C2936399
27375428	1586	1600	splice variant	T116	C1720834
27375428	1618	1623	model	T075	C0026336
27375428	1637	1644	reduced	T080	C0392756
27375428	1645	1653	response	T032	C0871261
27375428	1657	1662	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27375428	1666	1668	HP	T067	C0033095
27375428	1681	1689	reversal	T169	C0443290
27375428	1699	1704	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27375428	1705	1713	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27375428	1714	1722	response	T032	C0871261
27375428	1730	1737	current	T070	C1254365
27375428	1738	1747	reduction	T080	C0392756
27375428	1782	1792	reversible	T169	C0205343
27375428	1793	1807	malfunctioning	T169	C0231174
27375428	1808	1818	short term	T079	C0443303
27375428	1819	1826	effects	T080	C1280500
27375428	1828	1832	HPNS	T047	C0019537
27375428	1855	1864	long term	T079	C0443252
27375428	1865	1872	effects	T080	C1280500
27375428	1884	1893	increased	T081	C0205217
27375428	1894	1899	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27375428	1916	1918	HP	T067	C0033095
27375428	1919	1927	exposure	T080	C0332157

27375491|t|Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Gene-1562C>T Gene Polymorphism and Coronary Artery Disease in the Chinese Han Population: A Meta-Analysis of 5468 Subjects
27375491|a|Multiple studies indicate that the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)-1562C>T gene polymorphism may be associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Chinese Han population. However, a clear consensus has yet to be established. A meta-analysis of 5468 subjects from 10 separate studies was performed to explore the possible relationship between the MMP-9-1562C>T gene polymorphism and CAD within the Chinese Han population. Pooled odds ratio (ORs) for the association and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated by a random or fixed-effect model. Our analysis confirms the association between the MMP-9-1562C>T gene polymorphism and an increased risk of CAD within the Chinese Han population under allelic (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.25-2.04, P = 0.0002), recessive (OR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.67-5.56, P = 0.0003), dominant (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.49-3.35, P = 0.0001), homozygous (OR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.87-6.23, P < 0.0001), heterozygous (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.40-2.93, P = 0.0002), and additive genetic models (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.33-2.39, P < 0.0001). In the Chinese Han population, the MMP-9-1562C>T gene polymorphism is correlated with an increased risk of CAD. Therefore, Han Chinese carriers of the - 1562T allele may be at an increased risk of CAD.
27375491	0	44	Matrix metalloproteinase-9 Gene-1562C>T Gene	T028	C1334523
27375491	45	57	Polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27375491	62	85	Coronary Artery Disease	T047	C0010054
27375491	93	115	Chinese Han Population	UnknownType	C0814942
27375491	119	132	Meta-Analysis	T062	C0920317
27375491	141	149	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27375491	159	166	studies	T062	C0681814
27375491	185	232	matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)-1562C>T gene	T028	C1334523
27375491	233	245	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27375491	253	268	associated with	T080	C0332281
27375491	272	286	increased risk	T033	C1281905
27375491	290	313	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010054
27375491	315	318	CAD	T047	C0010054
27375491	327	349	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942
27375491	368	377	consensus	T054	C0376298
27375491	407	420	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27375491	429	437	subjects	T098	C0080105
27375491	455	462	studies	T062	C0681814
27375491	501	513	relationship	T080	C0439849
27375491	526	544	MMP-9-1562C>T gene	T028	C1334523
27375491	545	557	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27375491	562	565	CAD	T047	C0010054
27375491	577	599	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942
27375491	601	618	Pooled odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27375491	620	623	ORs	T081	C0028873
27375491	671	691	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27375491	693	696	CIs	T081	C0009667
27375491	718	724	random	T075	C0026336
27375491	728	746	fixed-effect model	T075	C0026336
27375491	752	760	analysis	T062	C0936012
27375491	798	816	MMP-9-1562C>T gene	T028	C1334523
27375491	817	829	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27375491	837	851	increased risk	T033	C1281905
27375491	855	858	CAD	T047	C0010054
27375491	870	892	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942
27375491	899	906	allelic	T028	C0002085
27375491	908	910	OR	T081	C0028873
27375491	922	924	CI	T081	C0009667
27375491	950	959	recessive	T028	C0017361
27375491	961	963	OR	T081	C0028873
27375491	975	977	CI	T081	C0009667
27375491	1003	1011	dominant	T169	C1527180
27375491	1013	1015	OR	T081	C0028873
27375491	1027	1029	CI	T081	C0009667
27375491	1055	1065	homozygous	T032	C0019904
27375491	1067	1069	OR	T081	C0028873
27375491	1081	1083	CI	T081	C0009667
27375491	1109	1121	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
27375491	1123	1125	OR	T081	C0028873
27375491	1137	1139	CI	T081	C0009667
27375491	1178	1192	genetic models	T170	C0026343
27375491	1194	1196	OR	T081	C0028873
27375491	1208	1210	CI	T081	C0009667
27375491	1243	1265	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942
27375491	1271	1289	MMP-9-1562C>T gene	T028	C1334523
27375491	1290	1302	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27375491	1306	1316	correlated	T080	C1707520
27375491	1325	1339	increased risk	T033	C1281905
27375491	1343	1346	CAD	T047	C0010054
27375491	1359	1370	Han Chinese	UnknownType	C0814942
27375491	1371	1379	carriers	T033	C0007294
27375491	1389	1401	1562T allele	T028	C0002085
27375491	1415	1429	increased risk	T033	C1281905
27375491	1433	1436	CAD	T047	C0010054

27375774|t|Changes in parenting strategies after a young person's self-harm: a qualitative study
27375774|a|When faced with the discovery of their child's self-harm, mothers and fathers may re-evaluate their parenting strategies. This can include changes to the amount of support they provide their child and changes to the degree to which they control and monitor their child. We conducted an in-depth qualitative study with 37 parents of young people who had self-harmed in which we explored how and why their parenting changed after the discovery of self-harm. Early on, parents often found themselves "walking on eggshells" so as not to upset their child, but later they felt more able to take some control. Parents ' reactions to the self-harm often depended on how they conceptualised it: as part of adolescence, as a mental health issue or as " naughty behaviour ". Parenting of other children in the family could also be affected, with parents worrying about less of their time being available for siblings. Many parents developed specific strategies they felt helped them to be more effective parents, such as learning to avoid blaming themselves or their child for the self-harm and developing new ways to communicate with their child. Parents were generally eager to pass their knowledge on to other people in the same situation. Parents reported changes in their parenting behaviours after the discovery of a child 's self-harm. Professionals involved in the care of young people who self-harm might use this information in supporting and advising parents.
27375774	0	7	Changes	T169	C0392747
27375774	11	20	parenting	T054	C0085092
27375774	21	31	strategies	T041	C0679199
27375774	40	45	young	T079	C0332239
27375774	46	54	person's	T098	C0027361
27375774	55	64	self-harm	T037	C0424366
27375774	68	85	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
27375774	106	115	discovery	T052	C1880355
27375774	125	132	child's	T100	C0008059
27375774	133	142	self-harm	T037	C0424366
27375774	144	151	mothers	T099	C0026591
27375774	156	163	fathers	T099	C0015671
27375774	168	179	re-evaluate	T058	C0220825
27375774	186	195	parenting	T054	C0085092
27375774	196	206	strategies	T041	C0679199
27375774	225	232	changes	T169	C0392747
27375774	250	257	support	T054	C0037438
27375774	277	282	child	T100	C0008059
27375774	287	294	changes	T169	C0392747
27375774	302	308	degree	T081	C0449286
27375774	323	330	control	T080	C0243148
27375774	335	342	monitor	T052	C0441655
27375774	349	354	child	T100	C0008059
27375774	372	398	in-depth qualitative study	T062	C0949415
27375774	407	414	parents	T099	C0030551
27375774	418	423	young	T079	C0332239
27375774	424	430	people	T098	C0027361
27375774	439	450	self-harmed	T037	C0424366
27375774	490	499	parenting	T054	C0085092
27375774	500	507	changed	T169	C0392747
27375774	518	527	discovery	T052	C1880355
27375774	531	540	self-harm	T037	C0424366
27375774	542	547	Early	T079	C1279919
27375774	552	559	parents	T099	C0030551
27375774	619	624	upset	T041	C3887804
27375774	631	636	child	T100	C0008059
27375774	681	688	control	T080	C0243148
27375774	690	697	Parents	T099	C0030551
27375774	700	709	reactions	T169	C0443286
27375774	717	726	self-harm	T037	C0424366
27375774	784	795	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27375774	802	821	mental health issue	T048	C4061796
27375774	830	847	naughty behaviour	T053	C0004927
27375774	851	860	Parenting	T054	C0085092
27375774	870	878	children	T100	C0008059
27375774	886	892	family	T099	C0015576
27375774	922	929	parents	T099	C0030551
27375774	959	963	time	T079	C0040223
27375774	984	992	siblings	T099	C0037047
27375774	999	1006	parents	T099	C0030551
27375774	1026	1036	strategies	T041	C0679199
27375774	1080	1087	parents	T099	C0030551
27375774	1097	1105	learning	T041	C0023185
27375774	1115	1122	blaming	T041	C0870209
27375774	1143	1148	child	T100	C0008059
27375774	1157	1166	self-harm	T037	C0424366
27375774	1194	1205	communicate	T033	C0566001
27375774	1217	1222	child	T100	C0008059
27375774	1224	1231	Parents	T099	C0030551
27375774	1267	1276	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27375774	1289	1295	people	T098	C0027361
27375774	1308	1317	situation	T169	C0868928
27375774	1319	1326	Parents	T099	C0030551
27375774	1336	1343	changes	T169	C0392747
27375774	1353	1362	parenting	T054	C0085092
27375774	1363	1373	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27375774	1384	1393	discovery	T052	C1880355
27375774	1399	1404	child	T100	C0008059
27375774	1408	1417	self-harm	T037	C0424366
27375774	1419	1432	Professionals	T097	C0679924
27375774	1449	1453	care	T052	C1947933
27375774	1457	1462	young	T079	C0332239
27375774	1463	1469	people	T098	C0027361
27375774	1474	1483	self-harm	T037	C0424366
27375774	1499	1510	information	T078	C1533716
27375774	1514	1524	supporting	T077	C1521721
27375774	1529	1537	advising	T052	C1828381
27375774	1538	1545	parents	T099	C0030551

27375918|t|The Association between C9orf72 Repeats and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Meta-Analysis
27375918|a|C9orf72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in Caucasian populations. However, the relationship between C9orf72 repeats and Alzheimer's disease (AD) was not clear. Additionally, there were few articles assessing C9orf72 in other ethnicities with ALS. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the relationship between C9orf72 repeat expansions (≥30 repeats) and intermediate repeat copies (20-29 repeats) and AD or ALS. The results suggested positive correlations between C9orf72 repeat expansions and the risk of Alzheimer's disease (OR = 6.36, 95% CI = 3.13-12.92, and p < 0.00001), while intermediate repeat copies of C9orf72 gene were not associated with the risk of the disease. C9orf72 repeat expansions were positively correlated with the risk of familial and sporadic ALS (OR = 293.25, 95% CI = 148.17-580.38, and p < 0.00001; OR = 35.57, 95% CI = 19.61-64.51, and p < 0.00001). There was a positive correlation between the gene variations and ALS risk among Caucasians and Asians (OR = 57.56, 95% CI = 36.73-90.22, and p < 0.00001; OR = 6.35, 95% CI = 1.39-29.02, and p = 0.02).
27375918	4	15	Association	T080	C0439849
27375918	24	31	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
27375918	32	39	Repeats	T086	C0004793
27375918	44	48	Risk	T078	C0035647
27375918	52	71	Alzheimer's Disease	T047	C0002395
27375918	76	105	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	T047	C0002736
27375918	109	122	Meta-Analysis	T062	C0920317
27375918	123	130	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
27375918	150	157	genetic	T169	C0314603
27375918	158	163	cause	T169	C0015127
27375918	167	196	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	T047	C0002736
27375918	198	201	ALS	T047	C0002736
27375918	207	230	frontotemporal dementia	T047	C0338451
27375918	232	235	FTD	T047	C0338451
27375918	240	261	Caucasian populations	T098	C0043157
27375918	276	288	relationship	T080	C0439849
27375918	297	304	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
27375918	305	312	repeats	T086	C0004793
27375918	317	336	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27375918	338	340	AD	T047	C0002395
27375918	346	355	not clear	T033	C3845108
27375918	386	394	articles	T170	C0282420
27375918	395	404	assessing	T052	C1516048
27375918	405	412	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
27375918	422	433	ethnicities	T080	C0243103
27375918	439	442	ALS	T047	C0002736
27375918	452	465	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27375918	479	490	investigate	T169	C1292732
27375918	495	507	relationship	T080	C0439849
27375918	516	523	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
27375918	524	541	repeat expansions	T049	C1257790
27375918	547	554	repeats	T086	C0004793
27375918	560	572	intermediate	T082	C0205103
27375918	573	586	repeat copies	T086	C0004793
27375918	594	601	repeats	T086	C0004793
27375918	607	609	AD	T047	C0002395
27375918	613	616	ALS	T047	C0002736
27375918	622	629	results	T169	C1274040
27375918	640	648	positive	T033	C1446409
27375918	649	661	correlations	T080	C1707520
27375918	670	677	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
27375918	678	695	repeat expansions	T049	C1257790
27375918	704	708	risk	T078	C0035647
27375918	712	731	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27375918	733	735	OR	T081	C0028873
27375918	748	750	CI	T081	C0009667
27375918	769	770	p	T081	C1709380
27375918	789	801	intermediate	T082	C0205103
27375918	802	815	repeat copies	T086	C0004793
27375918	819	831	C9orf72 gene	T028	C1428691
27375918	841	856	associated with	T080	C0332281
27375918	861	865	risk	T078	C0035647
27375918	873	880	disease	T047	C0012634
27375918	882	889	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
27375918	890	907	repeat expansions	T049	C1257790
27375918	913	923	positively	T033	C1446409
27375918	924	934	correlated	T080	C1707520
27375918	944	948	risk	T078	C0035647
27375918	952	960	familial	T047	C1862939
27375918	965	977	sporadic ALS	T047	C1862941
27375918	979	981	OR	T081	C0028873
27375918	996	998	CI	T081	C0009667
27375918	1020	1021	p	T081	C1709380
27375918	1033	1035	OR	T081	C0028873
27375918	1049	1051	CI	T081	C0009667
27375918	1071	1072	p	T081	C1709380
27375918	1097	1105	positive	T033	C1446409
27375918	1106	1117	correlation	T080	C1707520
27375918	1130	1145	gene variations	T070	C0042333
27375918	1150	1153	ALS	T047	C0002736
27375918	1154	1158	risk	T078	C0035647
27375918	1165	1175	Caucasians	T098	C0043157
27375918	1180	1186	Asians	T098	C0078988
27375918	1188	1190	OR	T081	C0028873
27375918	1204	1206	CI	T081	C0009667
27375918	1226	1227	p	T081	C1709380
27375918	1239	1241	OR	T081	C0028873
27375918	1254	1256	CI	T081	C0009667
27375918	1275	1276	p	T081	C1709380

27376349|t|Variability in Saponin Content, Cancer Antiproliferative Activity and Physicochemical Properties of Concentrated Agave Sap
27376349|a|Concentrated agave sap (CAS) has gained popularity as an unrefined sweetener. It is obtained by boiling " aguamiel " that contains phytochemicals with diverse bioactivities. Saponins have been the most widely studied agave phytochemicals due to their cancer antiproliferative effect but their concentration may vary due to maturity of the agave plant and collection site. In this study, 18 CAS samples produced in different states of Mexico were analyzed using multivariate methods to determine which physicochemical or phytochemical parameters were responsible for variation. Additionally, extracts with different saponin profiles were tested to determine possible correlations with antiproliferative activity. Total soluble solids, pH, and water activity were similar to those reported for other agave sweeteners. Antioxidant capacity of samples was correlated to browning index. Eleven steroidal saponins were found in CAS samples and they were the main source of variability. Magueyoside B, a kammogenin tetraglycoside, was the most abundant saponin in all samples. With respect to bioactivity, multivariate analysis indicated that magueyoside B and a gentrogenin tetraglycoside were compounds strongly related with bioactivity. CAS from Hidalgo, Puebla, and Veracruz had higher concentration of magueyoside B than from the other kamogenin tetraglycoside found in the samples from other Mexican states. These results could be used as a first approach to characterize and standardize CAS to validate the potential health benefits derived from its consumption.
27376349	0	11	Variability	T077	C2827666
27376349	15	22	Saponin	T109	C0520481
27376349	23	30	Content	T077	C0456205
27376349	32	38	Cancer	T191	C0006826
27376349	39	65	Antiproliferative Activity	T033	C0243095
27376349	70	96	Physicochemical Properties	T080	C0871161
27376349	100	122	Concentrated Agave Sap	T167	C0302908
27376349	123	145	Concentrated agave sap	T167	C0302908
27376349	147	150	CAS	T167	C0302908
27376349	180	199	unrefined sweetener	T122	C1705222
27376349	219	226	boiling	T067	C1254366
27376349	229	237	aguamiel	T002	C0032088
27376349	254	268	phytochemicals	T109,T123	C0577749
27376349	282	295	bioactivities	T052	C0441655
27376349	297	305	Saponins	T109	C0520481
27376349	340	345	agave	T002	C0331584
27376349	346	360	phytochemicals	T109,T123	C0577749
27376349	374	380	cancer	T191	C0006826
27376349	381	405	antiproliferative effect	T033	C0243095
27376349	416	429	concentration	T081	C0392762
27376349	446	454	maturity	T169	C0205245
27376349	462	473	agave plant	T002	C0331584
27376349	478	488	collection	T169	C1516698
27376349	489	493	site	T082	C0205145
27376349	503	508	study	T062	C2603343
27376349	513	516	CAS	T167	C0302908
27376349	517	524	samples	T167	C0370003
27376349	537	546	different	T080	C1705242
27376349	547	553	states	T083	C1301808
27376349	557	563	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27376349	569	577	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27376349	584	604	multivariate methods	T081	C0026777
27376349	624	639	physicochemical	T033	C0449381
27376349	643	667	phytochemical parameters	T033	C0449381
27376349	673	684	responsible	T033	C1273518
27376349	689	698	variation	T080	C0205556
27376349	714	722	extracts	T123	C0032081
27376349	728	737	different	T080	C1705242
27376349	738	745	saponin	T109	C0520481
27376349	746	754	profiles	T059	C1979963
27376349	760	766	tested	T169	C0039593
27376349	789	801	correlations	T080	C1707520
27376349	807	833	antiproliferative activity	T033	C0243095
27376349	835	855	Total soluble solids	T081	C0392762
27376349	857	859	pH	T081	C0020283
27376349	865	879	water activity	T081	C0392762
27376349	921	926	agave	T002	C0331584
27376349	927	937	sweeteners	T122	C1705222
27376349	939	959	Antioxidant capacity	T081	C0392762
27376349	963	970	samples	T167	C0370003
27376349	975	985	correlated	T080	C1707520
27376349	989	1003	browning index	T170	C0600653
27376349	1012	1030	steroidal saponins	T109	C0520481
27376349	1045	1048	CAS	T167	C0302908
27376349	1049	1056	samples	T167	C0370003
27376349	1080	1086	source	T033	C0449416
27376349	1090	1101	variability	T077	C2827666
27376349	1103	1116	Magueyoside B	T121	C1254351
27376349	1120	1145	kammogenin tetraglycoside	T121	C1254351
27376349	1160	1168	abundant	T080	C2346714
27376349	1169	1176	saponin	T109	C0520481
27376349	1184	1191	samples	T167	C0370003
27376349	1209	1220	bioactivity	T052	C0441655
27376349	1222	1243	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27376349	1259	1272	magueyoside B	T121	C1254351
27376349	1279	1305	gentrogenin tetraglycoside	T121	C1254351
27376349	1311	1320	compounds	T103	C1706082
27376349	1343	1354	bioactivity	T052	C0441655
27376349	1356	1359	CAS	T167	C0302908
27376349	1365	1372	Hidalgo	T083	C3829700
27376349	1374	1380	Puebla	T083	C3828441
27376349	1386	1394	Veracruz	T083	C3827654
27376349	1399	1405	higher	T080	C0205250
27376349	1406	1419	concentration	T081	C0392762
27376349	1423	1436	magueyoside B	T121	C1254351
27376349	1457	1481	kamogenin tetraglycoside	T121	C1254351
27376349	1495	1502	samples	T167	C0370003
27376349	1514	1528	Mexican states	T083	C3829109
27376349	1581	1593	characterize	T052	C1880022
27376349	1598	1609	standardize	T080	C1442989
27376349	1610	1613	CAS	T167	C0302908
27376349	1640	1655	health benefits	T081	C0086387
27376349	1673	1684	consumption	T169	C0205245

27377502|t|Association of CDKAL1, CDKN2A / B & HHEX gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the population of Hyderabad, India
27377502|a|The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown an association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with several novel genes. We report here the findings on the pattern of genetic association of three genes (CDKAL1, CDKN2A / B and HHEX) with T2DM in the population of Hyderabad, south India. A sample of 1379 individuals (758 T2DM cases and 621 controls) from Hyderabad, India, were genotyped for five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CDKAL1 (rs7754840, rs7756992) CDKN2A / B (rs10811661) and HHEX (rs1111875, rs7923837) genes on Sequenom Mass Array platform. The risk allele frequencies of the CDKAL1 and CDKN2A / B SNPs were relatively higher in cases than in the controls and the logistic regression analysis yielded significant odds ratios suggesting that the variant alleles conferred risk for developing T2DM in this population. The HHEX gene did not show either allelic or genotypic association with T2DM. The multivariate logistic regression analysis with reference to both alleles and genotypes of CDKAL1 SNPs showed significant association, suggesting an important role for this gene in the T2DM pathophysiology. A significant association was seen of all the three SNPs of CDKAL1 and CDKN2A / B genes with T2DM but none of the two SNPs of HHEX. Further studies are required to cross-validate our findings in a relatively larger sample. It is also necessary to explore other SNPs of HHEX gene to unequivocally establish the pattern of association of this gene with T2DM in this population.
27377502	0	11	Association	T090	C1328885
27377502	15	21	CDKAL1	T028	C1427272
27377502	23	29	CDKN2A	T028	C0525037
27377502	32	33	B	T028	C0809183
27377502	36	40	HHEX	T028	C1415537
27377502	41	59	gene polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27377502	65	89	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27377502	97	107	population	T098	C1257890
27377502	111	120	Hyderabad	UnknownType	C0681784
27377502	122	127	India	T083	C0021201
27377502	132	163	genome-wide association studies	T063	C2350277
27377502	165	169	GWAS	T063	C2350277
27377502	185	196	association	T090	C1328885
27377502	200	224	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27377502	226	230	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27377502	245	250	novel	T080	C0205314
27377502	251	256	genes	T028	C0017337
27377502	277	285	findings	T033	C0243095
27377502	304	323	genetic association	T090	C1328885
27377502	333	338	genes	T028	C0017337
27377502	340	346	CDKAL1	T028	C1427272
27377502	348	354	CDKN2A	T028	C0525037
27377502	357	358	B	T028	C0809183
27377502	363	367	HHEX	T028	C1415537
27377502	374	378	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27377502	386	396	population	T098	C1257890
27377502	400	409	Hyderabad	UnknownType	C0681784
27377502	417	422	India	T083	C0021201
27377502	426	432	sample	T167	C0370003
27377502	441	452	individuals	T098	C0237401
27377502	458	462	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27377502	477	485	controls	T096	C0009932
27377502	492	501	Hyderabad	UnknownType	C0681784
27377502	503	508	India	T083	C0021201
27377502	515	524	genotyped	T032	C0017431
27377502	534	565	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27377502	567	571	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27377502	576	605	CDKAL1 (rs7754840, rs7756992)	T028	C1427272
27377502	606	612	CDKN2A	T028	C0525037
27377502	615	629	B (rs10811661)	T028	C0809183
27377502	634	667	HHEX (rs1111875, rs7923837) genes	T028	C1415537
27377502	671	699	Sequenom Mass Array platform	T170	C0282574
27377502	705	709	risk	T078	C0035647
27377502	710	728	allele frequencies	T081	C0017270
27377502	736	742	CDKAL1	T028	C1427272
27377502	747	753	CDKN2A	T028	C0525037
27377502	756	757	B	T028	C0809183
27377502	758	762	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27377502	779	785	higher	T080	C0205250
27377502	807	815	controls	T096	C0009932
27377502	824	852	logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27377502	873	884	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27377502	905	912	variant	T080	C0205419
27377502	913	920	alleles	T028	C0002085
27377502	931	935	risk	T078	C0035647
27377502	951	955	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27377502	964	974	population	T098	C1257890
27377502	980	989	HHEX gene	T028	C1415537
27377502	1010	1017	allelic	T028	C0002085
27377502	1021	1030	genotypic	T032	C0017431
27377502	1031	1042	association	T090	C1328885
27377502	1048	1052	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27377502	1058	1070	multivariate	T081	C0026777
27377502	1071	1099	logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27377502	1123	1130	alleles	T028	C0002085
27377502	1135	1144	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27377502	1148	1154	CDKAL1	T028	C1427272
27377502	1155	1159	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27377502	1179	1190	association	T090	C1328885
27377502	1230	1234	gene	T028	C0017337
27377502	1242	1246	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27377502	1247	1262	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27377502	1278	1289	association	T090	C1328885
27377502	1316	1320	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27377502	1324	1330	CDKAL1	T028	C1427272
27377502	1335	1341	CDKN2A	T028	C0525037
27377502	1344	1351	B genes	T028	C0809183
27377502	1357	1361	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27377502	1382	1386	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27377502	1390	1394	HHEX	T028	C1415537
27377502	1428	1442	cross-validate	T062	C0681935
27377502	1447	1455	findings	T033	C0243095
27377502	1472	1478	larger	T081	C0549177
27377502	1479	1485	sample	T167	C0370003
27377502	1525	1529	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27377502	1533	1542	HHEX gene	T028	C1415537
27377502	1585	1596	association	T090	C1328885
27377502	1605	1609	gene	T028	C0017337
27377502	1615	1619	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27377502	1628	1638	population	T098	C1257890

27378028|t|Demonstration and validation of a new pressure -based MRI -safe pain tolerance device
27378028|a|One of the barriers to studying the behavioral and emotional effects of pain using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is the absence of a commercially available, MRI - compatible, pressure -based algometer to elicit pain. The present study sought to address this barrier through creation and validation of a novel MRI -safe apparatus capable of delivering incremental, measurable amounts of pressure inside a scanning bore. We introduced an MR-safe device used to administer pressure -based pain. To test against a commercially available, MRI - incompatible algometer (AlgoMed), 199 participants reported their pain tolerance for both devices. A second experiment tested the validity of pressure -based pain in an MRI environment by comparing brain activation with established neural networks for pain. 10 participants performed an identical procedure to test for pain tolerance while being scanned in a 7T MRI scanner. Results support the validity and reliability of our novel device. In Study 1, pain tolerance with this device was strongly correlated with pain tolerance as measured by a commercially available algometer (r=0.78). In Study 2, this device yielded BOLD activation within the insula (BA 13) and anterior cingulate gyrus (BA 24); as pressure increased, activation in these areas parametrically increased. These findings correspond to other studies using thermal, electrical, or mechanical pain applications. Behavioral and functional data demonstrate that this new device is a valid method of administering pressure -related pain in MRI environments. Our novel MRI -safe device is a valid instrument to measure and administer pressure -based pain.
27378028	18	28	validation	T062	C1519941
27378028	38	46	pressure	T067	C0033095
27378028	54	57	MRI	T074	C0336660
27378028	64	78	pain tolerance	T033	C0162703
27378028	79	85	device	T074	C0025080
27378028	122	132	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27378028	137	146	emotional	T041	C0013987
27378028	147	154	effects	T080	C1280500
27378028	158	162	pain	T184	C0030193
27378028	169	206	functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C0376335
27378028	208	212	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27378028	258	261	MRI	T074	C0336660
27378028	264	274	compatible	T080	C1524057
27378028	276	284	pressure	T067	C0033095
27378028	292	301	algometer	T074	C0025080
27378028	305	311	elicit	T080	C0449265
27378028	312	316	pain	T184	C0030193
27378028	410	413	MRI	T074	C0336660
27378028	420	429	apparatus	T074	C0025080
27378028	452	463	incremental	T081	C1705117
27378028	465	475	measurable	T169	C1513040
27378028	487	495	pressure	T067	C0033095
27378028	505	518	scanning bore	T074	C0183115
27378028	545	551	device	T074	C0025080
27378028	571	579	pressure	T067	C0033095
27378028	587	591	pain	T184	C0030193
27378028	596	600	test	T059	C0022885
27378028	635	638	MRI	T074	C0336660
27378028	641	653	incompatible	T080	C1524057
27378028	654	663	algometer	T074	C0025080
27378028	665	672	AlgoMed	T074	C0025080
27378028	707	721	pain tolerance	T033	C0162703
27378028	760	766	tested	T059	C0022885
27378028	783	791	pressure	T067	C0033095
27378028	799	803	pain	T184	C0030193
27378028	810	813	MRI	T074	C0336660
27378028	814	825	environment	T082	C0014406
27378028	839	844	brain	T023	C0006104
27378028	845	855	activation	T052	C1879547
27378028	873	888	neural networks	T023	C0242406
27378028	893	897	pain	T184	C0030193
27378028	951	955	test	T059	C0022885
27378028	960	964	pain	T184	C0030193
27378028	987	994	scanned	T060	C0441633
27378028	1003	1014	MRI scanner	T074	C0336660
27378028	1036	1060	validity and reliability	T080	C0035036
27378028	1074	1080	device	T074	C0025080
27378028	1094	1108	pain tolerance	T033	C0162703
27378028	1119	1125	device	T074	C0025080
27378028	1155	1169	pain tolerance	T033	C0162703
27378028	1210	1219	algometer	T074	C0025080
27378028	1247	1253	device	T074	C0025080
27378028	1262	1266	BOLD	T042	C1655730
27378028	1289	1295	insula	T023	C0021640
27378028	1297	1302	BA 13	T023	C2326439
27378028	1308	1332	anterior cingulate gyrus	T023	C0175190
27378028	1334	1339	BA 24	T029	C2334367
27378028	1345	1353	pressure	T067	C0033095
27378028	1354	1363	increased	T081	C0205217
27378028	1391	1405	parametrically	UnknownType	C0681933
27378028	1406	1415	increased	T081	C0205217
27378028	1466	1473	thermal	T061	C2032530
27378028	1475	1485	electrical	T061	C2032523
27378028	1490	1500	mechanical	T061	C0699886
27378028	1501	1518	pain applications	T184	C0521491
27378028	1520	1530	Behavioral	T053	C0004927
27378028	1535	1545	functional	T169	C0205245
27378028	1546	1550	data	T078	C1511726
27378028	1577	1583	device	T074	C0025080
27378028	1605	1618	administering	T061	C1533734
27378028	1619	1627	pressure	T067	C0033095
27378028	1637	1641	pain	T184	C0030193
27378028	1645	1648	MRI	T074	C0336660
27378028	1649	1661	environments	T082	C0014406
27378028	1673	1676	MRI	T074	C0336660
27378028	1683	1689	device	T074	C0025080
27378028	1701	1711	instrument	T074	C0348000
27378028	1715	1722	measure	T169	C0242485
27378028	1727	1737	administer	T169	C1621583
27378028	1738	1746	pressure	T067	C0033095
27378028	1754	1758	pain	T184	C0030193

27378064|t|Mandibular dysostosis without microphthalmia caused by OTX2 deletion
27378064|a|Mutations in OTX2 are mostly identified in patients with anophthalmia / microphthalmia with variable severity. The OTX2 homeobox gene plays a crucial role in craniofacial morphogenesis during early embryo development. We report for the first time a patient with a mandibular dysostosis caused by a 120 kb deletion including the entire coding sequence of OTX2, identified by array CGH. No ocular malformations were identified after extended ophthalmologic examination. Our data refine the clinical spectrum associated with OTX2 mutations and suggests that OTX2 haploinsufficiency should be considered as a possible cause for isolated mandibular dysostosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27378064	0	21	Mandibular dysostosis	T019	C0242387
27378064	30	44	microphthalmia	T019	C0026010
27378064	45	54	caused by	T169	C0015127
27378064	55	59	OTX2	T028	C1418202
27378064	55	68	OTX2 deletion	T045	C0017260
27378064	69	78	Mutations	T045	C0026882
27378064	82	86	OTX2	T028	C1418202
27378064	98	108	identified	T080	C0205396
27378064	112	120	patients	T101	C0030705
27378064	126	138	anophthalmia	T019	C0003119
27378064	141	155	microphthalmia	T019	C0026010
27378064	161	178	variable severity	T080	C0439793
27378064	184	202	OTX2 homeobox gene	T028	C1418202
27378064	227	239	craniofacial	T023	C0596392
27378064	240	253	morphogenesis	T040	C0026559
27378064	267	285	embryo development	T042	C0013936
27378064	318	325	patient	T101	C0030705
27378064	333	354	mandibular dysostosis	T019	C0242387
27378064	355	364	caused by	T169	C0015127
27378064	367	382	120 kb deletion	T045	C0017260
27378064	397	427	entire coding sequence of OTX2	T028	C1418202
27378064	429	439	identified	T080	C0205396
27378064	443	452	array CGH	T063	C2931151
27378064	457	477	ocular malformations	T019	C0000768
27378064	483	493	identified	T080	C0205396
27378064	509	535	ophthalmologic examination	T061	C0200149
27378064	541	545	data	T078	C1511726
27378064	557	574	clinical spectrum	T061	C0008971
27378064	591	595	OTX2	T028	C1418202
27378064	591	605	OTX2 mutations	T045	C0596611
27378064	624	628	OTX2	T028	C1418202
27378064	629	647	haploinsufficiency	T049	C2936267
27378064	683	688	cause	T169	C0015127
27378064	702	723	mandibular dysostosis	T019	C0242387

27378175|t|Optimizing Survival of Patients With Marginally Operable Stage IIIA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Chemoradiotherapy With or Without Surgery
27378175|a|For marginally operable stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgery might not be done as planned after neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for reasons (unresectable or medically inoperable conditions, or patient refusal). This study aims to investigate the outcomes of a phased CCRT protocol established to maximize the operability of marginally operable stage IIIA NSCLC and to care for reassessed inoperable patients, in comparison with continuous-course definitive CCRT. Forty-seven patients with marginally operable stage IIIA NSCLC receiving CCRT were included. Twenty-eight patients were treated with our phased CCRT protocol, including neoadjuvant CCRT followed by surgery (group A, n = 16) or, for reassessed inoperable patients, maintenance chemotherapy and split-course CCRT boost (group B, n = 12). The other 19 were treated with continuous-course definitive CCRT (group C). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Among all, median OS and PFS were 35.6 and 12.8 months, respectively (median follow-up, 22.3 months). The median OS of group A (not reached) was better than that of group B (34.4 months) and group C (15.2 months) (P = .009). On multivariate analysis, performance status 0 to 1 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.026; P < .001), adenocarcinoma (HR, 0.156; P = .003), and group A (HR, 0.199; P = .033) were independent prognostic factors. The OS of group B (HR, 0.450; 95% confidence interval, 0.118-1.717; P = .243) was not statistically different from that of group C. For marginally operable stage IIIA NSCLC, our phased CCRT strategy may optimize survival by maximizing operability and maintain an acceptable survival for reassessed inoperable patients by split-course CCRT boost following maintenance chemotherapy.
27378175	0	10	Optimizing	T052	C2698650
27378175	11	19	Survival	T169	C0220921
27378175	23	31	Patients	T101	C0030705
27378175	37	56	Marginally Operable	T080	C0205188
27378175	57	94	Stage IIIA Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer	T191	C0278983
27378175	105	122	Chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
27378175	123	127	With	T169	C0038895
27378175	131	138	Without	T080	C0332288
27378175	139	146	Surgery	T169	C0038895
27378175	151	170	marginally operable	T080	C0205188
27378175	171	208	stage IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer	T191	C0278983
27378175	210	215	NSCLC	T191	C0278983
27378175	218	225	surgery	T169	C0038895
27378175	261	272	neoadjuvant	T061	C0600558
27378175	273	301	concurrent chemoradiotherapy	T061	C3178775
27378175	303	307	CCRT	T061	C3178775
27378175	322	334	unresectable	T201	C1519810
27378175	338	358	medically inoperable	T080	C0205187
27378175	359	369	conditions	T080	C0348080
27378175	374	389	patient refusal	T055	C0040809
27378175	397	402	study	T062	C2603343
27378175	411	422	investigate	T169	C1292732
27378175	427	435	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27378175	441	461	phased CCRT protocol	T061	C0040808
27378175	490	501	operability	T169	C0205245
27378175	505	524	marginally operable	T080	C0205188
27378175	525	541	stage IIIA NSCLC	T191	C0278983
27378175	558	568	reassessed	T052	C1516048
27378175	569	588	inoperable patients	T101	C0030705
27378175	609	642	continuous-course definitive CCRT	T061	C3178775
27378175	656	664	patients	T101	C0030705
27378175	670	689	marginally operable	T080	C0205188
27378175	690	706	stage IIIA NSCLC	T191	C0278983
27378175	717	721	CCRT	T061	C3178775
27378175	750	758	patients	T101	C0030705
27378175	764	771	treated	T169	C1522326
27378175	781	801	phased CCRT protocol	T061	C0040808
27378175	813	824	neoadjuvant	T061	C0600558
27378175	825	829	CCRT	T061	C3178775
27378175	842	849	surgery	T169	C0038895
27378175	851	858	group A	T078	C0441833
27378175	876	886	reassessed	T052	C1516048
27378175	887	906	inoperable patients	T101	C0030705
27378175	898	906	patients	T101	C0030705
27378175	908	932	maintenance chemotherapy	T033	C0481504
27378175	937	954	split-course CCRT	T061	C3178775
27378175	955	960	boost	T169	C1511253
27378175	962	969	group B	T078	C0441833
27378175	998	1005	treated	T169	C1522326
27378175	1011	1044	continuous-course definitive CCRT	T061	C3178775
27378175	1046	1053	group C	T078	C0441833
27378175	1056	1072	Overall survival	T081	C4086681
27378175	1074	1076	OS	T081	C4086681
27378175	1082	1107	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
27378175	1109	1112	PFS	T081	C0242792
27378175	1119	1127	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27378175	1140	1146	median	T081	C0876920
27378175	1147	1149	OS	T081	C4086681
27378175	1154	1157	PFS	T081	C0242792
27378175	1177	1183	months	T079	C0439231
27378175	1199	1205	median	T081	C0876920
27378175	1206	1215	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27378175	1222	1228	months	T079	C0439231
27378175	1235	1241	median	T081	C0876920
27378175	1242	1244	OS	T081	C4086681
27378175	1248	1255	group A	T078	C0441833
27378175	1294	1301	group B	T078	C0441833
27378175	1308	1314	months	T079	C0439231
27378175	1320	1327	group C	T078	C0441833
27378175	1334	1340	months	T079	C0439231
27378175	1357	1378	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27378175	1380	1398	performance status	T201	C1518965
27378175	1407	1419	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27378175	1421	1423	HR	T081	C2985465
27378175	1444	1458	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
27378175	1460	1462	HR	T081	C2985465
27378175	1486	1493	group A	T078	C0441833
27378175	1495	1497	HR	T081	C2985465
27378175	1521	1551	independent prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27378175	1557	1559	OS	T081	C4086681
27378175	1563	1570	group B	T078	C0441833
27378175	1572	1574	HR	T081	C2985465
27378175	1587	1606	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27378175	1639	1662	statistically different	T080	C1705242
27378175	1676	1683	group C	T078	C0441833
27378175	1689	1708	marginally operable	T080	C0205188
27378175	1709	1725	stage IIIA NSCLC	T191	C0278983
27378175	1731	1751	phased CCRT strategy	T061	C0040808
27378175	1756	1764	optimize	T052	C2698650
27378175	1765	1773	survival	T169	C0220921
27378175	1788	1799	operability	T169	C0205245
27378175	1827	1835	survival	T169	C0220921
27378175	1840	1850	reassessed	T052	C1516048
27378175	1851	1870	inoperable patients	T101	C0030705
27378175	1874	1891	split-course CCRT	T061	C3178775
27378175	1892	1897	boost	T169	C1511253
27378175	1908	1932	maintenance chemotherapy	T033	C0481504

27378927|t|Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Menthol and Menthone in Schistosoma mansoni Infection
27378927|a|Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease caused by several species of trematode worms and it is believed that more than 261 million people are affected worldwide. New drug development has become essential because there is a risk of the parasite becoming resistant to Praziquantel, the only drug available for this infection. This study evaluated parasitological, immunological and histological parameters in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni and treated with an herbal commercial medicine. This drug consists of menthol (30-55%) and menthone (14-32%). A 60 day treatment regimen with the herbal medicine decreased the number of S. mansoni eggs in the feces, liver, and intestine and reduced the number of hepatic granulomas. We observed a reduction of 84% in blood eosinophilia and a decrease in the IL-4 and IL-10 blood levels after treatment. Therefore, we propose that schistosomiasis treatment with this herbal medicine for 60 days has an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory action in this animal model for schistosomiasis thus contributing to the decrease in physio pathological effects caused by S. mansoni infection.
27378927	0	28	Anti-Inflammatory Properties	T080	C1515999
27378927	32	39	Menthol	T109,T121	C0025368
27378927	44	52	Menthone	T109	C0065950
27378927	56	85	Schistosoma mansoni Infection	T047	C0036330
27378927	86	101	Schistosomiasis	T047	C0036323
27378927	107	124	parasitic disease	T047	C0030499
27378927	143	150	species	T185	C1705920
27378927	154	169	trematode worms	T204	C3662558
27378927	216	222	people	T098	C0027361
27378927	227	235	affected	T169	C0392760
27378927	251	267	drug development	T091	C0872152
27378927	279	288	essential	T080	C0205224
27378927	320	328	parasite	T204	C0030498
27378927	338	347	resistant	T039	C1514892
27378927	351	363	Praziquantel	T109,T121	C0032911
27378927	374	378	drug	T121	C0013227
27378927	398	407	infection	T046	C3714514
27378927	414	419	study	T062	C2603343
27378927	420	429	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27378927	430	445	parasitological	T080	C0205468
27378927	447	460	immunological	T169	C0205470
27378927	465	477	histological	T169	C0205462
27378927	478	488	parameters	T033	C0449381
27378927	492	496	mice	T015	C0025929
27378927	497	505	infected	T033	C0439663
27378927	511	530	Schistosoma mansoni	T204	C0036319
27378927	535	547	treated with	T061	C0332293
27378927	551	577	herbal commercial medicine	T121	C2240391
27378927	584	588	drug	T121	C0013227
27378927	601	608	menthol	T109,T121	C0025368
27378927	622	630	menthone	T109	C0065950
27378927	650	667	treatment regimen	T061	C0040808
27378927	677	692	herbal medicine	T121	C2240391
27378927	693	702	decreased	T081	C0205216
27378927	717	727	S. mansoni	T204	C0036319
27378927	728	732	eggs	T204	C0686887
27378927	740	745	feces	T031	C0015733
27378927	747	752	liver	T023	C0023884
27378927	758	767	intestine	T023	C0021853
27378927	772	779	reduced	T080	C0392756
27378927	794	812	hepatic granulomas	T047	C0745754
27378927	817	825	observed	T169	C1441672
27378927	828	837	reduction	T061	C0441610
27378927	848	866	blood eosinophilia	T047	C0014457
27378927	873	881	decrease	T081	C0205216
27378927	889	893	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27378927	898	903	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27378927	904	916	blood levels	T031	C0005768
27378927	923	932	treatment	T061	C0087111
27378927	961	976	schistosomiasis	T047	C0036323
27378927	977	986	treatment	T061	C0087111
27378927	997	1012	herbal medicine	T121	C2240391
27378927	1032	1048	immunomodulatory	T080	C0205556
27378927	1053	1077	anti-inflammatory action	T080	C1515999
27378927	1086	1098	animal model	T008	C0599779
27378927	1103	1118	schistosomiasis	T047	C0036323
27378927	1124	1136	contributing	T052	C1880177
27378927	1144	1152	decrease	T081	C0205216
27378927	1163	1175	pathological	T169	C1521733
27378927	1176	1183	effects	T080	C1280500
27378927	1194	1214	S. mansoni infection	T047	C0036330

27379139|t|Evaluation of Three Protein-Extraction Methods for Proteome Analysis of Maize Leaf Midrib, a Compound Tissue Rich in Sclerenchyma Cells
27379139|a|Leaf morphology is closely related to the growth and development of maize (Zea mays L.) plants and final kernel production. As an important part of the maize leaf, the midrib holds leaf blades in the aerial position for maximum sunlight capture. Leaf midrib s of adult plants contain substantial sclerenchyma cells with heavily thickened and lignified secondary walls and have a high amount of phenolics, making protein extraction and proteome analysis difficult in leaf midrib tissue. In the present study, three protein-extraction methods that are commonly used in plant proteomics, i.e., phenol extraction, TCA / acetone extraction, and TCA / acetone / phenol extraction, were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated based on 2DE maps and MS/MS analysis using the midribs of the 10th newly expanded leaves of maize plants. Microscopy revealed the existence of substantial amounts of sclerenchyma underneath maize midrib epidermises (particularly abaxial epidermises). The spot-number order obtained via 2DE mapping was as follows: phenol extraction (655) > TCA / acetone extraction (589) > TCA / acetone / phenol extraction (545). MS/MS analysis identified a total of 17 spots that exhibited 2-fold changes in abundance among the three methods (using phenol extraction as a control). Sixteen of the proteins identified were hydrophilic, with GRAVY values ranging from -0.026 to -0.487. For all three methods, we were able to obtain high-quality protein samples and good 2DE maps for the maize leaf midrib. However, phenol extraction produced a better 2DE map with greater resolution between spots, and TCA / acetone extraction produced higher protein yields. Thus, this paper includes a discussion regarding the possible reasons for differential protein extraction among the three methods. This study provides useful information that can be used to select suitable protein extraction methods for the proteome analysis of recalcitrant plant tissues that are rich in sclerenchyma cells.
27379139	14	19	Three	T081	C0205449
27379139	20	46	Protein-Extraction Methods	T059	C3827821
27379139	51	59	Proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
27379139	60	68	Analysis	T059	C0002778
27379139	72	77	Maize	T002	C0010028
27379139	78	82	Leaf	T002	C0242724
27379139	83	89	Midrib	T185	C2698828
27379139	93	108	Compound Tissue	T025	C1514137
27379139	117	135	Sclerenchyma Cells	T025	C1514137
27379139	136	140	Leaf	T002	C0242724
27379139	141	151	morphology	T080	C0332437
27379139	178	200	growth and development	T040	C0018271
27379139	204	230	maize (Zea mays L.) plants	T002	C0010028
27379139	241	247	kernel	T168	C0043137
27379139	288	293	maize	T002	C0010028
27379139	294	298	leaf	T002	C0242724
27379139	304	310	midrib	T185	C2698828
27379139	317	321	leaf	T002	C0242724
27379139	336	351	aerial position	T002	C1136056
27379139	364	372	sunlight	T070	C0038817
27379139	382	386	Leaf	T002	C0242724
27379139	387	393	midrib	T185	C2698828
27379139	399	404	adult	T079	C0205286
27379139	405	411	plants	T002	C0010028
27379139	432	450	sclerenchyma cells	T025	C1514137
27379139	456	473	heavily thickened	T080	C1280412
27379139	478	487	lignified	T109,T123	C0023705
27379139	488	503	secondary walls	T026	C0918262
27379139	530	539	phenolics	T109,T121	C0359916
27379139	548	566	protein extraction	T059	C3827821
27379139	571	579	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
27379139	580	588	analysis	T059	C0002778
27379139	602	606	leaf	T002	C0242724
27379139	607	613	midrib	T185	C2698828
27379139	650	676	protein-extraction methods	T059	C3827821
27379139	703	708	plant	T002	C0032098
27379139	709	719	proteomics	T091	C0872252
27379139	727	733	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
27379139	734	744	extraction	T059	C0684295
27379139	746	749	TCA	T109,T121	C0040900
27379139	752	759	acetone	T109,T121	C0001002
27379139	760	770	extraction	T059	C0684295
27379139	776	779	TCA	T109,T121	C0040900
27379139	782	789	acetone	T109,T121	C0001002
27379139	792	798	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
27379139	799	809	extraction	T059	C0684295
27379139	816	829	qualitatively	T080	C0034375
27379139	834	858	quantitatively evaluated	T081	C0034384
27379139	881	895	MS/MS analysis	T059	C0037813
27379139	906	913	midribs	T185	C2698828
27379139	941	947	leaves	T002	C0242724
27379139	951	963	maize plants	T002	C0010028
27379139	965	975	Microscopy	T059	C0026018
27379139	1025	1037	sclerenchyma	T025	C1514137
27379139	1049	1054	maize	T002	C0010028
27379139	1055	1061	midrib	T185	C2698828
27379139	1062	1073	epidermises	T002	C0376608
27379139	1088	1095	abaxial	T082	C1254362
27379139	1096	1107	epidermises	T002	C0376608
27379139	1145	1156	2DE mapping	T059	C0013860
27379139	1173	1179	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
27379139	1180	1190	extraction	T059	C0684295
27379139	1199	1202	TCA	T109,T121	C0040900
27379139	1205	1212	acetone	T109,T121	C0001002
27379139	1213	1223	extraction	T059	C0684295
27379139	1232	1235	TCA	T109,T121	C0040900
27379139	1238	1245	acetone	T109,T121	C0001002
27379139	1248	1254	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
27379139	1255	1265	extraction	T059	C0684295
27379139	1273	1287	MS/MS analysis	T059	C0037813
27379139	1313	1318	spots	T077	C1705203
27379139	1372	1377	three	T081	C0205449
27379139	1393	1399	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
27379139	1400	1410	extraction	T059	C0684295
27379139	1416	1423	control	T096	C0009932
27379139	1441	1449	proteins	T116	C0032089
27379139	1466	1477	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
27379139	1484	1496	GRAVY values	T081	C0392762
27379139	1536	1541	three	T081	C0205449
27379139	1587	1594	protein	T116	C0032089
27379139	1612	1620	2DE maps	T059	C0013860
27379139	1629	1634	maize	T002	C0010028
27379139	1635	1639	leaf	T002	C0242724
27379139	1640	1646	midrib	T185	C2698828
27379139	1657	1663	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
27379139	1664	1674	extraction	T059	C0684295
27379139	1693	1700	2DE map	T059	C0013860
27379139	1714	1724	resolution	T077	C2699488
27379139	1733	1738	spots	T077	C1705203
27379139	1744	1747	TCA	T109,T121	C0040900
27379139	1750	1757	acetone	T109,T121	C0001002
27379139	1758	1768	extraction	T059	C0684295
27379139	1785	1792	protein	T116	C0032089
27379139	1793	1799	yields	T081	C0392762
27379139	1875	1887	differential	T080	C0443199
27379139	1888	1906	protein extraction	T059	C3827821
27379139	1917	1922	three	T081	C0205449
27379139	2007	2025	protein extraction	T059	C3827821
27379139	2042	2050	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
27379139	2051	2059	analysis	T059	C0002778
27379139	2076	2089	plant tissues	T025	C1514137
27379139	2107	2125	sclerenchyma cells	T025	C1514137

27379201|t|Comparison of Individual Radiosensitivity to γ-Rays and Carbon Ions
27379201|a|Carbon ions are an up-and-coming ion species, currently being used in charged particle radiotherapy. As it is well established that there are considerable interindividual differences in radiosensitivity in the general population that can significantly influence clinical outcomes of radiotherapy, we evaluate the degree of these differences in the context of carbon ion therapy compared with conventional radiotherapy. In this study, we evaluate individual radiosensitivity following exposure to carbon-13 ions or γ-rays in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy individuals based on the frequency of ionizing radiation (IR)- induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) that was either misrepaired or left unrepaired to form chromosomal aberrations (CAs) (simply referred to here as DSBs for brevity). Levels of DSBs were estimated from the scoring of CAs visualized with telomere / centromere - fluorescence in situ hybridization (TC-FISH). We examine radiosensitivity at the dose of 2 Gy, a routinely administered dose during fractionated radiotherapy, and we determined that a wide range of DSBs were induced by the given dose among healthy individuals, with highly radiosensitive individuals harboring more IR - induced breaks in the genome than radioresistant individuals following exposure to the same dose. Furthermore, we determined the relative effectiveness of carbon irradiation in comparison to γ-irradiation in the induction of DSBs at each studied dose (isodose effect), a quality we term " relative dose effect " (RDE). This ratio is advantageous, as it allows for simple comparison of dose-response curves. At 2 Gy, carbon irradiation was three times more effective in inducing DSBs compared with γ-irradiation (RDE of 3); these results were confirmed using a second cytogenetic technique, multicolor-FISH. We also analyze radiosensitivity at other doses (0.2-15 Gy), to represent hypo - and hyperfractionation doses and determined that RDE is dose dependent: high ratios at low doses, and approaching 1 at high doses. These results could have clinical implications as IR-induced DNA damage and the ensuing CAs and genomic instability can have significant cellular consequences that could potentially have profound implications for long-term human health after IR exposure, such as the emergence of secondary cancers and other pathobiological conditions after radiotherapy.
27379201	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27379201	14	24	Individual	T098	C0027361
27379201	25	41	Radiosensitivity	T032	C0034537
27379201	45	51	γ-Rays	T070	C0017011
27379201	56	67	Carbon Ions	T196	C0596255
27379201	68	79	Carbon ions	T196	C0596255
27379201	101	112	ion species	T196	C0022023
27379201	138	167	charged particle radiotherapy	T061	C2985551
27379201	223	238	interindividual	T098	C0027361
27379201	239	250	differences	T080	C1705242
27379201	254	270	radiosensitivity	T032	C0034537
27379201	254	270	radiosensitivity	T032	C0034537
27379201	278	296	general population	T098	C0683971
27379201	330	347	clinical outcomes	T034	C0456984
27379201	351	363	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27379201	381	387	degree	T081	C0449286
27379201	397	408	differences	T080	C1705242
27379201	427	445	carbon ion therapy	T061	C3494442
27379201	460	472	conventional	T080	C0439858
27379201	473	485	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27379201	514	524	individual	T098	C0027361
27379201	525	541	radiosensitivity	T032	C0034537
27379201	552	563	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27379201	564	573	carbon-13	T197	C0729631
27379201	574	578	ions	T196	C0022023
27379201	582	588	γ-rays	T070	C0017011
27379201	592	620	peripheral blood lymphocytes	T025	C1518997
27379201	624	631	healthy	T080	C3898900
27379201	632	643	individuals	T098	C0027361
27379201	657	666	frequency	T079	C0439603
27379201	670	688	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
27379201	690	692	IR	T070	C0034538
27379201	695	702	induced	T169	C0205263
27379201	703	727	DNA double strand breaks	T049	C1511667
27379201	729	733	DSBs	T049	C1511667
27379201	790	813	chromosomal aberrations	T049	C0008625
27379201	815	818	CAs	T049	C0008625
27379201	848	852	DSBs	T049	C1511667
27379201	867	873	Levels	T080	C0441889
27379201	877	881	DSBs	T049	C1511667
27379201	906	913	scoring	T081	C0449820
27379201	917	920	CAs	T049	C0008625
27379201	937	945	telomere	T026	C0085187
27379201	948	958	centromere	T026	C0007709
27379201	961	995	fluorescence in situ hybridization	T063	C0162789
27379201	997	1004	TC-FISH	T063	C0162789
27379201	1018	1034	radiosensitivity	T032	C0034537
27379201	1042	1046	dose	T081	C4019308
27379201	1068	1080	administered	T169	C1621583
27379201	1081	1085	dose	T081	C4019308
27379201	1093	1118	fractionated radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27379201	1159	1163	DSBs	T049	C1511667
27379201	1169	1176	induced	T169	C0205263
27379201	1184	1189	given	T169	C1621583
27379201	1190	1194	dose	T081	C4019308
27379201	1201	1208	healthy	T080	C3898900
27379201	1209	1220	individuals	T098	C0027361
27379201	1234	1248	radiosensitive	T169	C0332324
27379201	1249	1260	individuals	T098	C0027361
27379201	1276	1278	IR	T070	C0034538
27379201	1281	1288	induced	T169	C0205263
27379201	1289	1295	breaks	T080	C0443161
27379201	1303	1309	genome	T028	C0017428
27379201	1315	1329	radioresistant	T077	C3890377
27379201	1330	1341	individuals	T098	C0027361
27379201	1352	1363	exposure to	T037	C0015333
27379201	1373	1377	dose	T081	C4019308
27379201	1410	1432	relative effectiveness	T081	C3825732
27379201	1436	1442	carbon	T196	C0007009
27379201	1443	1454	irradiation	T061	C1522449
27379201	1472	1485	γ-irradiation	T061	C2985557
27379201	1493	1502	induction	T169	C0205263
27379201	1506	1510	DSBs	T049	C1511667
27379201	1527	1531	dose	T081	C4019308
27379201	1533	1540	isodose	T081	C1881277
27379201	1541	1547	effect	T080	C1280500
27379201	1570	1590	relative dose effect	UnknownType	C0683160
27379201	1594	1597	RDE	UnknownType	C0683160
27379201	1605	1610	ratio	T081	C0456603
27379201	1666	1686	dose-response curves	T081	C0683162
27379201	1697	1715	carbon irradiation	T061	C3494442
27379201	1737	1746	effective	T080	C1280519
27379201	1750	1758	inducing	T169	C0205263
27379201	1759	1763	DSBs	T049	C1511667
27379201	1778	1791	γ-irradiation	T061	C2985557
27379201	1793	1796	RDE	UnknownType	C0683160
27379201	1848	1869	cytogenetic technique	T063	C0752095
27379201	1871	1886	multicolor-FISH	T063	C0162789
27379201	1904	1920	radiosensitivity	T032	C0034537
27379201	1930	1935	doses	T081	C4019308
27379201	1962	1966	hypo	T061	C4042795
27379201	1973	1997	hyperfractionation doses	T081	C4019308
27379201	2018	2021	RDE	UnknownType	C0683160
27379201	2025	2039	dose dependent	T081	C1512045
27379201	2056	2065	low doses	T061	C1518010
27379201	2093	2098	doses	T081	C4019308
27379201	2125	2133	clinical	T080	C0205210
27379201	2134	2146	implications	T078	C3146298
27379201	2150	2171	IR-induced DNA damage	T049	C1514688
27379201	2188	2191	CAs	T049	C0008625
27379201	2196	2215	genomic instability	T049	C0919532
27379201	2225	2236	significant	T078	C0750502
27379201	2237	2245	cellular	T025	C0007634
27379201	2246	2258	consequences	T169	C0686907
27379201	2287	2295	profound	T080	C0439808
27379201	2296	2308	implications	T078	C3146298
27379201	2313	2322	long-term	T079	C0443252
27379201	2323	2335	human health	T033	C4035943
27379201	2342	2353	IR exposure	T037	C0479513
27379201	2380	2397	secondary cancers	T191	C0027627
27379201	2408	2434	pathobiological conditions	T169	C0205469
27379201	2441	2453	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449

27380733|t|Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Reproducibility of Histogram Analysis on Pharmacokinetic Parameters
27380733|a|Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) have been increasingly used to evaluate the permeability of tumor vessel. Histogram metrics are a recognized promising method of quantitative MR imaging that has been recently introduced in analysis of DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parameters in oncology due to tumor heterogeneity. In this study, 21 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) underwent paired DCE-MRI studies on a 3.0 T MR system. Extended Tofts model and population-based arterial input function were used to calculate kinetic parameters of RCC tumors. Mean value and histogram metrics (Mode, Skewness and Kurtosis) of each pharmacokinetic parameter were generated automatically using ImageJ software. Intra- and inter-observer reproducibility and scan-rescan reproducibility were evaluated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and coefficient of variation (CoV). Our results demonstrated that the histogram method (Mode, Skewness and Kurtosis) was not superior to the conventional Mean value method in reproducibility evaluation on DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parameters (K(trans) &Ve) in renal cell carcinoma, especially for Skewness and Kurtosis which showed lower intra-, inter-observer and scan-rescan reproducibility than Mean value. Our findings suggest that additional studies are necessary before wide incorporation of histogram metrics in quantitative analysis of DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parameters.
27380733	0	36	Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging	T060	C1831914
27380733	40	60	Renal Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0007134
27380733	62	77	Reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27380733	81	90	Histogram	T073	C2348974
27380733	103	118	Pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27380733	119	129	Parameters	T077	C0549193
27380733	130	145	Pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27380733	146	156	parameters	T077	C0549193
27380733	170	222	dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C1831914
27380733	224	231	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
27380733	277	289	permeability	T070	C0031164
27380733	293	305	tumor vessel	T191	C0027668
27380733	307	316	Histogram	T073	C2348974
27380733	375	385	MR imaging	T060	C0024485
27380733	435	442	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
27380733	443	458	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27380733	459	469	parameters	T077	C0549193
27380733	473	481	oncology	T091	C0278627
27380733	489	508	tumor heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27380733	528	536	patients	T101	C0030705
27380733	542	562	renal cell carcinoma	T191	C0007134
27380733	564	567	RCC	T191	C0007134
27380733	586	593	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
27380733	613	622	MR system	T074	C0336660
27380733	633	644	Tofts model	T170	C0282574
27380733	649	665	population-based	T062	C1709599
27380733	666	674	arterial	T082	C0221464
27380733	675	689	input function	T170	C2986843
27380733	713	720	kinetic	T169	C0031328
27380733	721	731	parameters	T077	C0549193
27380733	735	738	RCC	T191	C0007134
27380733	739	745	tumors	T191	C0027651
27380733	747	757	Mean value	T081	C0444504
27380733	762	771	histogram	T073	C2348974
27380733	781	785	Mode	T081	C1705738
27380733	787	795	Skewness	T081	C0392762
27380733	800	808	Kurtosis	T081	C0392762
27380733	818	833	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27380733	879	894	ImageJ software	T080	C0205556
27380733	896	902	Intra-	T081	C0021861
27380733	907	937	inter-observer reproducibility	T081	C0021713
27380733	954	969	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27380733	991	1027	intra-class correlation coefficients	T081	C0392762
27380733	1029	1033	ICCs	T081	C0392762
27380733	1039	1063	coefficient of variation	T081	C0681921
27380733	1065	1068	CoV	T081	C0681921
27380733	1105	1114	histogram	T073	C2348974
27380733	1123	1127	Mode	T081	C1705738
27380733	1129	1137	Skewness	T081	C0392762
27380733	1142	1150	Kurtosis	T081	C0392762
27380733	1189	1199	Mean value	T081	C0444504
27380733	1210	1225	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27380733	1240	1247	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
27380733	1248	1263	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27380733	1264	1274	parameters	T077	C0549193
27380733	1293	1313	renal cell carcinoma	T191	C0007134
27380733	1330	1351	Skewness and Kurtosis	T081	C0392762
27380733	1371	1377	intra-	T081	C0021861
27380733	1379	1393	inter-observer	T081	C0021713
27380733	1410	1425	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27380733	1431	1441	Mean value	T081	C0444504
27380733	1531	1540	histogram	T073	C2348974
27380733	1552	1564	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27380733	1577	1584	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
27380733	1585	1600	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27380733	1601	1611	parameters	T077	C0549193

27381206|t|Catastrophic health expenditure: a comparative analysis of empty-nest and non-empty-nest households with seniors in Shandong, China
27381206|a|The aim of this study was to compare the catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) prevalence and its determinants between empty-nest and non-empty-nest elderly households. Shandong province of China. A total of 2761 elderly households are included in the analysis. CHE incidence among elderly households was 44.9%. The CHE incidence of empty-nest singles (59.3%, p=0.000, OR=3.19) and empty-nest couples (52.9%, p=0.000, OR=2.45) are both statistically higher than that of non-empty-nest elderly households (31.4%). An inverse association was observed between CHE incidence and income level in all elderly household types. Factors including 1 or more household elderly members with non-communicable chronic diseases in the past 6 months, 1 or more elderly household members being hospitalised in the past year and lower household income, are significant risk factors for CHE in all 3 household types (p<0.05). Health insurance status was found to be a significant determinant of CHE among empty-nest singles and non-empty-nest households (p<0.05). CHE incidence among elderly households is high in China. Empty-nest households are at higher risk for CHE than non-empty-nest households. Based on these findings, we suggest that special insurance be developed to broaden the coverage of health services and heighten the reimbursement rate for empty-nest elderly in the existing health insurance schemes. Financial and social protection interventions are also essential for identifie d at-risk subgroups among different types of elderly households.
27381206	0	12	Catastrophic	T047	C0007397
27381206	13	31	health expenditure	T081	C0015318
27381206	35	55	comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
27381206	59	69	empty-nest	T078	C0870492
27381206	74	88	non-empty-nest	T078	C1254370
27381206	89	99	households	T099	C0020052
27381206	105	112	seniors	T098	C0001792
27381206	116	131	Shandong, China	T083	C0008115
27381206	136	139	aim	T078	C1947946
27381206	148	153	study	T062	C2603343
27381206	161	168	compare	T052	C1707455
27381206	173	185	catastrophic	T047	C0007397
27381206	186	204	health expenditure	T081	C0015318
27381206	206	209	CHE	T081	C0015318
27381206	211	221	prevalence	T081	C0683919
27381206	230	242	determinants	T169	C1521761
27381206	251	261	empty-nest	T078	C0870492
27381206	266	280	non-empty-nest	T078	C1254370
27381206	281	288	elderly	T098	C0001792
27381206	289	299	households	T099	C0020052
27381206	301	327	Shandong province of China	T083	C0008115
27381206	331	336	total	T080	C0439810
27381206	345	352	elderly	T098	C0001792
27381206	353	363	households	T099	C0020052
27381206	368	376	included	T169	C0332257
27381206	384	392	analysis	T062	C0936012
27381206	394	397	CHE	T081	C0015318
27381206	398	407	incidence	T081	C0021149
27381206	414	421	elderly	T098	C0001792
27381206	422	432	households	T099	C0020052
27381206	448	451	CHE	T081	C0015318
27381206	452	461	incidence	T081	C0021149
27381206	465	475	empty-nest	T078	C0870492
27381206	476	483	singles	T033	C1549113
27381206	514	524	empty-nest	T078	C0870492
27381206	525	532	couples	T099	C0010222
27381206	568	581	statistically	T081	C0871425
27381206	582	588	higher	T080	C0205250
27381206	602	616	non-empty-nest	T078	C1254370
27381206	617	624	elderly	T098	C0001792
27381206	625	635	households	T099	C0020052
27381206	648	667	inverse association	T077	C1708567
27381206	672	680	observed	T169	C1441672
27381206	689	692	CHE	T081	C0015318
27381206	693	702	incidence	T081	C0021149
27381206	707	719	income level	T080	C0870689
27381206	727	734	elderly	T098	C0001792
27381206	735	744	household	T099	C0020052
27381206	745	750	types	T080	C0332307
27381206	752	759	Factors	T169	C1521761
27381206	760	769	including	T169	C0332257
27381206	780	789	household	T099	C0020052
27381206	790	805	elderly members	T098	C0001792
27381206	811	844	non-communicable chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
27381206	877	884	elderly	T098	C0001792
27381206	885	902	household members	T099	C0015578
27381206	909	921	hospitalised	T033	C0701159
27381206	929	938	past year	T079	C4086728
27381206	943	948	lower	T052	C2003888
27381206	949	958	household	T099	C0020052
27381206	959	965	income	T081	C0021162
27381206	971	982	significant	T078	C0750502
27381206	983	995	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27381206	1000	1003	CHE	T081	C0015318
27381206	1013	1022	household	T099	C0020052
27381206	1023	1028	types	T080	C0332307
27381206	1039	1055	Health insurance	T058	C0021682
27381206	1056	1062	status	T080	C0449438
27381206	1081	1092	significant	T078	C0750502
27381206	1093	1104	determinant	T169	C1521761
27381206	1108	1111	CHE	T081	C0015318
27381206	1118	1128	empty-nest	T078	C0870492
27381206	1129	1136	singles	T033	C1549113
27381206	1141	1155	non-empty-nest	T078	C1254370
27381206	1156	1166	households	T099	C0020052
27381206	1177	1180	CHE	T081	C0015318
27381206	1181	1190	incidence	T081	C0021149
27381206	1197	1204	elderly	T098	C0001792
27381206	1205	1215	households	T099	C0020052
27381206	1219	1223	high	T080	C0205250
27381206	1227	1232	China	T083	C0008115
27381206	1234	1244	Empty-nest	T078	C0870492
27381206	1245	1255	households	T099	C0020052
27381206	1263	1269	higher	T080	C0205250
27381206	1270	1274	risk	T078	C0035647
27381206	1279	1282	CHE	T081	C0015318
27381206	1288	1302	non-empty-nest	T078	C1254370
27381206	1303	1313	households	T099	C0020052
27381206	1330	1338	findings	T033	C0243095
27381206	1343	1350	suggest	T078	C1705535
27381206	1356	1363	special	T080	C0205555
27381206	1364	1373	insurance	T058	C0021682
27381206	1390	1397	broaden	T082	C0332464
27381206	1402	1410	coverage	T078	C1551362
27381206	1414	1429	health services	T058	C0018747
27381206	1434	1442	heighten	T080	C0442803
27381206	1447	1465	reimbursement rate	T058	C0554896
27381206	1470	1480	empty-nest	T078	C0870492
27381206	1481	1488	elderly	T098	C0001792
27381206	1505	1521	health insurance	T058	C0021682
27381206	1522	1529	schemes	T170	C1519193
27381206	1531	1540	Financial	T080	C2350008
27381206	1545	1562	social protection	T064	C0242457
27381206	1563	1576	interventions	T058	C0262765
27381206	1586	1595	essential	T080	C0205224
27381206	1600	1609	identifie	T080	C0205396
27381206	1612	1619	at-risk	T080	C1444641
27381206	1620	1629	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27381206	1655	1662	elderly	T098	C0001792
27381206	1663	1673	households	T099	C0020052

27381582|t|Antidiabetic potential of bioactive molecules coated chitosan nanoparticles in experimental rats
27381582|a|The present study was carried out to examine the antidiabetic effects of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) loaded with (Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract - SRLE) bioactive molecules in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes mellitus. Successful crosslinking of the bioactive molecules to the chitosan nanoparticles was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The colloidal characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were revealed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Morphological analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) revealed that the bioactive molecule -loaded CNPs were well-dispersed and spherical or polygonal in shape with an average size of<73.27nm than the z-average value (327nm) as measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). SRLE CNP - treated diabetic rats showed a significant reduction in their mean fasting blood glucose level compared with the diabetic control group. The serum levels of various enzymes viz., serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant such as catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the SRLE CNP - treated group were closer to normal levels than those in the diabetic control group.
27381582	0	12	Antidiabetic	T121	C0935929
27381582	13	22	potential	T080	C3245505
27381582	26	45	bioactive molecules	T167	C3714412
27381582	53	75	chitosan nanoparticles	T109,T121	C0162969
27381582	79	91	experimental	T080	C1517586
27381582	92	96	rats	T015	C0034721
27381582	109	114	study	T062	C2603343
27381582	146	158	antidiabetic	T121	C0935929
27381582	159	169	effects of	T080	C1704420
27381582	170	192	chitosan nanoparticles	T109,T121	C0162969
27381582	194	198	CNPs	T109,T121	C0162969
27381582	213	243	Stevia rebaudiana leaf extract	T109,T121	C3267306
27381582	246	250	SRLE	T109,T121	C3267306
27381582	252	271	bioactive molecules	T167	C3714412
27381582	277	280	rat	T015	C0034721
27381582	281	286	model	T050	C0012644
27381582	290	304	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
27381582	306	309	STZ	T109,T195	C0038432
27381582	311	318	induced	T169	C0205263
27381582	319	336	diabetes mellitus	T050	C0011853
27381582	349	361	crosslinking	T070	C0178576
27381582	369	388	bioactive molecules	T167	C3714412
27381582	396	418	chitosan nanoparticles	T109,T121	C0162969
27381582	436	475	Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
27381582	477	481	FTIR	T062	C0206055
27381582	488	513	colloidal characteristics	T080	C1521970
27381582	521	532	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27381582	533	546	nanoparticles	T109,T121	C0162969
27381582	564	596	X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis	T059	C0599643
27381582	598	611	Morphological	T082	C0543482
27381582	612	620	analysis	T062	C0936012
27381582	624	656	Transmission Electron Microscopy	T059	C0678118
27381582	658	661	TEM	T059	C0678118
27381582	681	699	bioactive molecule	T167	C3714412
27381582	708	712	CNPs	T109,T121	C0162969
27381582	718	732	well-dispersed	T080	C0205556
27381582	737	746	spherical	T082	C0332501
27381582	750	759	polygonal	T082	C2347622
27381582	763	768	shape	T082	C0332479
27381582	777	789	average size	T082	C0456389
27381582	810	825	z-average value	T081	C1883591
27381582	849	873	Dynamic Light Scattering	T059	C1882368
27381582	875	878	DLS	T059	C1882368
27381582	881	885	SRLE	T109,T121	C3267306
27381582	886	889	CNP	T109,T121	C0162969
27381582	892	899	treated	T169	C1522326
27381582	900	908	diabetic	T050	C0011853
27381582	909	913	rats	T015	C0034721
27381582	923	934	significant	T078	C0750502
27381582	935	944	reduction	T081	C0547047
27381582	959	986	fasting blood glucose level	T034	C1261430
27381582	1005	1013	diabetic	T050	C0011853
27381582	1014	1027	control group	T096	C0009932
27381582	1033	1038	serum	T031	C0229671
27381582	1039	1045	levels	T080	C0441889
27381582	1057	1064	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27381582	1071	1110	serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase	T116,T126	C0242192
27381582	1112	1116	SGOT	T116,T126	C0242192
27381582	1119	1154	serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase	T116,T126	C0376147
27381582	1156	1160	SGPT	T116,T126	C0376147
27381582	1163	1184	alkaline phosphatases	T116,T126	C0002059
27381582	1186	1189	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
27381582	1192	1210	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
27381582	1216	1227	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27381582	1236	1244	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
27381582	1246	1249	CAT	T116,T126	C0007367
27381582	1252	1271	reduced glutathione	T034	C0034917
27381582	1273	1276	GSH	T034	C0034917
27381582	1283	1303	superoxide dismutase	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
27381582	1305	1308	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
27381582	1317	1321	SRLE	T109,T121	C3267306
27381582	1322	1325	CNP	T109,T121	C0162969
27381582	1328	1335	treated	T169	C1522326
27381582	1336	1341	group	T078	C0441833
27381582	1357	1363	normal	T080	C0205307
27381582	1364	1370	levels	T080	C0441889
27381582	1389	1397	diabetic	T050	C0011853
27381582	1398	1411	control group	T096	C0009932

27381670|t|Role of agonistic autoantibodies against type-1 angiotensin II receptor in the pathogenesis of retinopathy in preeclampsia
27381670|a|To investigate the mechanism underlying AT1-AA -induced retinopathy in severe preeclampsia by measuring the positive rate and titer of AT1-AA in plasma from women with severe preeclampsia and normal pregnant women to see whether AT1-AA titer was correlated with the grade of retinopathy. A preeclampsia rat model was also established by intravenous injection of AT1-AA extracted from the plasma of patient suffering from severe preeclampsia. The results showed that the plasma titer and positive rate of AT1-AA were significantly higher in women with severe preeclampsia than normal pregnant women. The antibody titer in cases of severe preeclampsia was associated with the grade of retinopathy, and positively correlated with the level of TNF-α and VEGF. The animal experiment results showed that the modeled rats presented symptoms very similar to symptoms of human preeclampsia, including retinopathy. Ocular fundus examination showed retinal microvascular abnormalities, hemorrhaging and leakage in the severe preeclampsia. Morphological changes included edema, thickening of the INL and ONL, and pigment atrophy. TNF-α and VEGF levels were increased in the vitreous humor and retina of the model rats. Our studies results suggest that abnormal expression of AT1-AA could induce damage to retinal capillary endothelial cells and increase vascular permeability, resulting in retinopathy.
27381670	8	32	agonistic autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
27381670	41	71	type-1 angiotensin II receptor	T116,T192	C0529330
27381670	79	91	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27381670	95	106	retinopathy	T047	C0035309
27381670	110	122	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27381670	126	137	investigate	T169	C1292732
27381670	142	151	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27381670	163	169	AT1-AA	T129	C0021054
27381670	179	190	retinopathy	T047	C0035309
27381670	201	213	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27381670	231	244	positive rate	T081	C1521828
27381670	249	254	titer	T081	C0475208
27381670	258	264	AT1-AA	T129	C0021054
27381670	268	274	plasma	T031	C0032105
27381670	280	285	women	T098	C0043210
27381670	291	310	severe preeclampsia	T046	C0341950
27381670	322	336	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27381670	352	358	AT1-AA	T129	C0021054
27381670	359	364	titer	T081	C0475208
27381670	369	379	correlated	T080	C1707520
27381670	398	409	retinopathy	T047	C0035309
27381670	413	425	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27381670	426	429	rat	T015	C0034721
27381670	430	435	model	T008	C0887965
27381670	460	481	intravenous injection	T169	C0021494
27381670	485	491	AT1-AA	T129	C0021054
27381670	511	517	plasma	T031	C0032105
27381670	521	528	patient	T101	C0030705
27381670	544	563	severe preeclampsia	T046	C0341950
27381670	593	599	plasma	T031	C0032105
27381670	600	605	titer	T081	C0475208
27381670	610	623	positive rate	T081	C1521828
27381670	627	633	AT1-AA	T129	C0021054
27381670	663	668	women	T098	C0043210
27381670	674	693	severe preeclampsia	T046	C0341950
27381670	706	720	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27381670	726	734	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27381670	735	740	titer	T081	C0475208
27381670	760	772	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27381670	806	817	retinopathy	T047	C0035309
27381670	834	844	correlated	T080	C1707520
27381670	863	868	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27381670	873	877	VEGF	T116,T123	C1256770
27381670	883	900	animal experiment	T062	C0205664
27381670	901	908	results	T169	C1274040
27381670	925	937	modeled rats	T015	C0034721
27381670	948	956	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27381670	973	981	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27381670	985	990	human	T016	C0086418
27381670	991	1003	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27381670	1015	1026	retinopathy	T047	C0035309
27381670	1028	1041	Ocular fundus	T023	C4071854
27381670	1042	1053	examination	T058	C0582103
27381670	1061	1096	retinal microvascular abnormalities	T033	C0035300
27381670	1098	1110	hemorrhaging	T046	C0019080
27381670	1115	1122	leakage	T033	C4281748
27381670	1130	1149	severe preeclampsia	T046	C0341950
27381670	1151	1172	Morphological changes	T082	C1254362
27381670	1182	1187	edema	T184	C0013604
27381670	1189	1199	thickening	T033	C0205400
27381670	1207	1210	INL	T023	C1512784
27381670	1215	1218	ONL	T023	C0507777
27381670	1224	1239	pigment atrophy	T033	C0243095
27381670	1241	1246	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27381670	1251	1255	VEGF	T116,T123	C1256770
27381670	1285	1299	vitreous humor	T031	C0229096
27381670	1304	1310	retina	T023	C0035298
27381670	1318	1328	model rats	T015	C0034721
27381670	1334	1341	studies	T062	C2603343
27381670	1342	1349	results	T169	C1274040
27381670	1363	1382	abnormal expression	T045	C0017262
27381670	1386	1392	AT1-AA	T129	C0021054
27381670	1406	1412	damage	T169	C1883709
27381670	1416	1451	retinal capillary endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27381670	1465	1486	vascular permeability	T042	C0162337
27381670	1488	1500	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27381670	1501	1512	retinopathy	T047	C0035309

27381890|t|Monosubstituted Benzene Derivatives from Fruits of Ficus hirta and Their Antifungal Activity against Phytopathogen Penicillium italicum
27381890|a|Ficus hirta, a widely consumed food by Hakka people, has been reported to show potent antifungal activity against phytopathogen Penicillium italicum. However, there is no report of chemical constituents responsible for the antifungal activity. In the current study, nine monosubstituted benzene derivatives, including three new derivatives (1-3), were isolated from the fruits of F. hirta. The structures of these isolates were elucidated on the basis of the analysis of spectroscopic data (mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance). All of the isolates were evaluated for antifungal activities against P. italicum. At an equivalent concentration, compound 1 exhibited stronger antifungal activity than that of the ethanol extract of F. hirta fruits.
27381890	0	35	Monosubstituted Benzene Derivatives	T109	C0005037
27381890	41	47	Fruits	T168	C0016767
27381890	51	62	Ficus hirta	T002	C1624432
27381890	73	92	Antifungal Activity	T033	C0243095
27381890	93	100	against	T080	C0521124
27381890	101	114	Phytopathogen	T001	C0450254
27381890	115	135	Penicillium italicum	T004	C1008772
27381890	136	147	Ficus hirta	T002	C1624432
27381890	167	171	food	T168	C0016452
27381890	175	180	Hakka	UnknownType	C0814942
27381890	181	187	people	T098	C0027361
27381890	198	206	reported	T058	C0700287
27381890	222	241	antifungal activity	T033	C0243095
27381890	242	249	against	T080	C0521124
27381890	250	263	phytopathogen	T001	C0450254
27381890	264	284	Penicillium italicum	T004	C1008772
27381890	307	313	report	T058	C0700287
27381890	317	338	chemical constituents	T167	C0729650
27381890	359	378	antifungal activity	T033	C0243095
27381890	395	400	study	T062	C2603343
27381890	407	442	monosubstituted benzene derivatives	T109	C0005037
27381890	464	475	derivatives	T104	C0243072
27381890	488	496	isolated	T169	C0205409
27381890	506	512	fruits	T168	C0016767
27381890	516	524	F. hirta	T002	C1624432
27381890	530	540	structures	T082	C0678594
27381890	550	558	isolates	T121	C1875400
27381890	582	587	basis	T169	C1527178
27381890	595	603	analysis	T062	C0936012
27381890	607	620	spectroscopic	T090	C2713504
27381890	621	625	data	T078	C1511726
27381890	627	644	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27381890	649	675	nuclear magnetic resonance	T070	C0028580
27381890	689	697	isolates	T121	C1875400
27381890	703	712	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27381890	717	738	antifungal activities	T033	C0243095
27381890	739	746	against	T080	C0521124
27381890	747	758	P. italicum	T004	C1008772
27381890	766	776	equivalent	T081	C0439185
27381890	777	790	concentration	T081	C1446561
27381890	792	800	compound	T080	C0205198
27381890	813	821	stronger	T080	C0442821
27381890	822	841	antifungal activity	T033	C0243095
27381890	859	866	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
27381890	867	874	extract	T167	C2828366
27381890	878	886	F. hirta	T002	C1624432
27381890	887	893	fruits	T168	C0016767

27382289|t|Characterizing sexual function in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: a pooled analysis of three vilazodone studies
27382289|a|Vilazodone has been shown to reduce core symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Since sexual dysfunction (SD) is not well characterized in GAD, a post hoc analysis of these trials was conducted to evaluate the effects of vilazodone on sexual functioning in GAD patients. Data were pooled from one fixed-dose trial of vilazodone 20 and 40 mg/day (NCT01629966) and two flexible-dose studies of vilazodone 20-40 mg/day (NCT01766401, NCT01844115) in adults with GAD. Sexual functioning was assessed using the Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ). Outcomes included mean change from baseline to end of treatment (EOT) in CSFQ total score and percentage of patients shifting from SD at baseline (CSFQ total score ≤47 for males, ≤41 for females) to normal functioning at EOT. Treatment-emergent adverse events related to sexual functioning were also analyzed. A total of 1,373 patients were included in the analyses. SD at baseline was more common in females (placebo, 46.4%; vilazodone, 49%) than in males (placebo, 35.1%; vilazodone, 40.9%). CSFQ total score improvement was found in both females (placebo, +1.2; vilazodone, +1.6) and males (placebo, +2.1; vilazodone, +1.0), with no statistically significant differences between treatment groups. The percentage of patients who shifted from SD at baseline to normal sexual functioning at EOT was higher in males (placebo, 40.6%; vilazodone, 35.7%) than in females (placebo, 24.9%; vilazodone, 34.9%); no statistical testing was performed. Except for erectile dysfunction and delayed ejaculation in vilazodone - treated males (2.4% and 2.1%, respectively), no treatment-emergent adverse events related to sexual functioning occurred in ≥2% of patients in either treatment group. Approximately 35%-50% of patients in the vilazodone GAD studies had SD at baseline. Vilazodone and placebo had similar effects on CSFQ outcomes in both females and males, indicating a limited adverse impact on sexual functioning with vilazodone.
27382289	0	14	Characterizing	T052	C1880022
27382289	15	30	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27382289	34	42	patients	T101	C0030705
27382289	48	76	generalized anxiety disorder	T048	C0270549
27382289	80	95	pooled analysis	T062	C0242481
27382289	105	115	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	116	123	studies	T062	C0002783
27382289	124	134	Vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	153	159	reduce	T080	C0392756
27382289	160	173	core symptoms	T184	C1457887
27382289	177	205	generalized anxiety disorder	T048	C0270549
27382289	207	210	GAD	T048	C0270549
27382289	221	231	randomized	T062	C0206035
27382289	233	245	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27382289	247	272	placebo-controlled trials	T062,T170	C0599724
27382289	280	298	sexual dysfunction	T047	C0549622
27382289	300	302	SD	T047	C0549622
27382289	333	336	GAD	T048	C0270549
27382289	340	357	post hoc analysis	T062	C0242481
27382289	367	373	trials	T062	C0008976
27382289	391	399	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27382289	404	414	effects of	T080	C1704420
27382289	415	425	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	429	447	sexual functioning	T040	C0278092
27382289	451	454	GAD	T048	C0270549
27382289	455	463	patients	T101	C0030705
27382289	465	469	Data	T078	C1511726
27382289	475	481	pooled	T169	C2349200
27382289	491	507	fixed-dose trial	T062	C0008976
27382289	511	521	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	532	538	mg/day	T081	C0439422
27382289	540	551	NCT01629966	T170	C0282574
27382289	561	582	flexible-dose studies	T062	C0242481
27382289	586	596	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	603	609	mg/day	T081	C0439422
27382289	611	622	NCT01766401	T170	C0282574
27382289	624	635	NCT01844115	T170	C0282574
27382289	640	646	adults	T100	C0001675
27382289	652	655	GAD	T048	C0270549
27382289	657	675	Sexual functioning	T040	C0278092
27382289	680	688	assessed	T052	C1516048
27382289	699	742	Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27382289	744	748	CSFQ	T170	C0034394
27382289	751	759	Outcomes	T062	C0086750
27382289	769	814	mean change from baseline to end of treatment	T081	C0392762
27382289	816	819	EOT	T080	C0205556
27382289	824	840	CSFQ total score	T033	C2960025
27382289	845	855	percentage	T081	C0439165
27382289	859	867	patients	T101	C0030705
27382289	868	876	shifting	T169	C0333051
27382289	882	884	SD	T047	C0549622
27382289	888	896	baseline	T081	C1442488
27382289	898	914	CSFQ total score	T033	C2960025
27382289	923	928	males	T098	C0025266
27382289	938	945	females	T098	C0043210
27382289	950	968	normal functioning	T033	C4296962
27382289	972	975	EOT	T080	C0205556
27382289	977	1010	Treatment-emergent adverse events	T046	C0877248
27382289	1022	1040	sexual functioning	T040	C0278092
27382289	1051	1059	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27382289	1063	1068	total	T080	C0439810
27382289	1078	1086	patients	T101	C0030705
27382289	1108	1116	analyses	T062	C0936012
27382289	1118	1120	SD	T047	C0549622
27382289	1124	1132	baseline	T081	C1442488
27382289	1152	1159	females	T098	C0043210
27382289	1161	1168	placebo	T122	C1696465
27382289	1177	1187	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	1202	1207	males	T098	C0025266
27382289	1209	1216	placebo	T122	C1696465
27382289	1225	1235	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	1245	1261	CSFQ total score	T033	C2960025
27382289	1262	1273	improvement	T077	C2986411
27382289	1292	1299	females	T098	C0043210
27382289	1301	1308	placebo	T122	C1696465
27382289	1316	1326	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	1338	1343	males	T098	C0025266
27382289	1345	1352	placebo	T122	C1696465
27382289	1360	1370	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	1384	1424	no statistically significant differences	T033	C3842396
27382289	1433	1442	treatment	T169	C1522326
27382289	1443	1449	groups	T078	C0441833
27382289	1455	1465	percentage	T081	C0439165
27382289	1469	1477	patients	T101	C0030705
27382289	1482	1489	shifted	T169	C0333051
27382289	1495	1497	SD	T047	C0549622
27382289	1501	1509	baseline	T081	C1442488
27382289	1513	1519	normal	T080	C0205307
27382289	1520	1538	sexual functioning	T040	C0278092
27382289	1542	1545	EOT	T080	C0205556
27382289	1560	1565	males	T098	C0025266
27382289	1567	1574	placebo	T122	C1696465
27382289	1583	1593	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	1610	1617	females	T098	C0043210
27382289	1619	1626	placebo	T122	C1696465
27382289	1635	1645	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	1655	1677	no statistical testing	T033	C3841003
27382289	1704	1724	erectile dysfunction	T047	C0242350
27382289	1729	1748	delayed ejaculation	T046	C0234047
27382289	1752	1762	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	1765	1772	treated	T169	C1522326
27382289	1773	1778	males	T098	C0025266
27382289	1810	1846	no treatment-emergent adverse events	T033	C1963761
27382289	1858	1876	sexual functioning	T040	C0278092
27382289	1877	1885	occurred	T052	C1709305
27382289	1896	1904	patients	T101	C0030705
27382289	1915	1924	treatment	T169	C1522326
27382289	1925	1930	group	T078	C0441833
27382289	1932	1945	Approximately	T080	C0332232
27382289	1957	1965	patients	T101	C0030705
27382289	1973	1983	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	1984	1987	GAD	T048	C0270549
27382289	1988	1995	studies	T062	C0002783
27382289	2000	2002	SD	T047	C0549622
27382289	2006	2014	baseline	T081	C1442488
27382289	2016	2026	Vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072
27382289	2031	2038	placebo	T122	C1696465
27382289	2051	2058	effects	T080	C1280500
27382289	2062	2066	CSFQ	T170	C0034394
27382289	2067	2075	outcomes	T062	C0086750
27382289	2084	2091	females	T098	C0043210
27382289	2096	2101	males	T098	C0025266
27382289	2116	2123	limited	T169	C0439801
27382289	2124	2138	adverse impact	T046	C0879626
27382289	2142	2160	sexual functioning	T040	C0278092
27382289	2166	2176	vilazodone	T109,T121	C1530072

27382354|t|Effects of analgesics and antidepressants on TREK-2 and TRESK currents
27382354|a|TWIK-related K(+) channel-2 (TREK-2) and TWIK-related spinal cord K(+) (TRESK) channel are members of two-pore domain K(+) channel family. They are well expressed and help to set the resting membrane potential in sensory neurons. Modulation of TREK-2 and TRESK channels are involved in the pathogenesis of pain, and specifi c activators of TREK-2 and TRESK may be benefi cial for the treatment of pain symptoms. However, the effect of commonly used analgesics on TREK-2 and TRESK channels are not known. Here, we investigated the effect of analgesics on TREK-2 and TRESK channels. The effects of analgesics were examined in HEK cells transfected with TREK-2 or TRESK. Amitriptyline, citalopram, escitalopram, and fluoxetine significantly inhibited TREK-2 and TRESK currents in HEK cells (p<0.05, n=10). Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, nabumetone, and bupropion inhibited TRESK, but had no effect on TREK-2. These results show that all analgesics tested in this study inhibit TRESK activity. Further study is needed to identify the mechanisms by which the analgesics modulate TREK-2 and TRESK differently.
27382354	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27382354	11	21	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27382354	26	41	antidepressants	T121	C0003289
27382354	45	51	TREK-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	56	61	TRESK	T116	C1311011
27382354	62	70	currents	T043	C0162585
27382354	71	98	TWIK-related K(+) channel-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	100	106	TREK-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	112	157	TWIK-related spinal cord K(+) (TRESK) channel	T116	C1311011
27382354	173	208	two-pore domain K(+) channel family	T116,T123	C0032824
27382354	224	233	expressed	T045	C1171362
27382354	254	280	resting membrane potential	T043	C0025251
27382354	284	299	sensory neurons	T025	C0027883
27382354	301	311	Modulation	T038	C3271963
27382354	315	321	TREK-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	326	340	TRESK channels	T116	C1311011
27382354	361	373	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27382354	377	381	pain	T184	C0030193
27382354	387	396	specifi c	T080	C0205369
27382354	397	407	activators	T121	C3163331
27382354	411	417	TREK-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	422	427	TRESK	T116	C1311011
27382354	435	446	benefi cial	T081	C0814225
27382354	455	464	treatment	T061	C0087111
27382354	468	472	pain	T184	C0030193
27382354	473	481	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27382354	496	505	effect of	T080	C1704420
27382354	520	530	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27382354	534	540	TREK-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	545	559	TRESK channels	T116	C1311011
27382354	601	610	effect of	T080	C1704420
27382354	611	621	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27382354	625	631	TREK-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	636	641	TRESK	T116	C1311011
27382354	642	650	channels	T116,T123	C0032824
27382354	656	666	effects of	T080	C1704420
27382354	667	677	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27382354	695	704	HEK cells	T025	C2936239
27382354	705	716	transfected	T063	C0040669
27382354	722	728	TREK-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	732	737	TRESK	T116	C1311011
27382354	739	752	Amitriptyline	T109,T121	C0002600
27382354	754	764	citalopram	T109,T121	C0008845
27382354	766	778	escitalopram	T109,T121	C1099456
27382354	784	794	fluoxetine	T109,T121	C0016365
27382354	795	808	significantly	T078	C0750502
27382354	809	818	inhibited	T044	C3895263
27382354	819	825	TREK-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	830	835	TRESK	T116	C1311011
27382354	836	844	currents	T043	C0162585
27382354	848	857	HEK cells	T025	C2936239
27382354	874	887	Acetaminophen	T109,T121	C0000970
27382354	889	898	ibuprofen	T109,T121	C0020740
27382354	900	910	nabumetone	T109,T121	C0068334
27382354	916	925	bupropion	T109,T121	C0085208
27382354	936	941	TRESK	T116	C1311011
27382354	951	960	no effect	T080	C1301751
27382354	964	970	TREK-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	1000	1010	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27382354	1011	1017	tested	T169	C0039593
27382354	1032	1039	inhibit	T044	C3895263
27382354	1040	1045	TRESK	T116	C1311011
27382354	1046	1054	activity	T044	C1153450
27382354	1096	1106	mechanisms	T044	C0678659
27382354	1120	1130	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27382354	1140	1146	TREK-2	T116,T123	C1608682
27382354	1151	1156	TRESK	T116	C1311011

27382380|t|Establishment of a mouse model of 70% lethal dose by total-body irradiation
27382380|a|Whereas increasing concerns about radiation exposure to nuclear disasters or side effects of anticancer radiotherapy, relatively little research for radiation damages or remedy has been done. The purpose of this study was to establish level of LD 70/30 (a lethal dose for 70% of mice within 30 days) by total-body γ irradiation (TBI) in a mouse model. For this purpose, at first, 8- week-old male ICR and C57BL/6N mice from A and B companies were received high dose (10, 11, 12 Gy) TBI. After irradiation, the body weight and survival rate were monitored for 30 days consecutively. In next experiment, 5- week-old male ICR and C57BL/6N mice from B company were received same dose irradiation. Results showed that survival rate and body weight change rate in inbred C57BL/6N mice were similar between A and B company. In ICR mice, however, survival rate and body weight change rate were completely different among the companies. Significant difference of survival rate both ICR and C57BL6N mice was not observed in between 5- week-old and 8- week-old groups receiving 10 or 12 Gy TBI. Our results indicate that the strain and age of mice, and even purchasing company (especially outbred), should be matched over experimental groups in TBI experiment. Based on our results, 8- week-old male ICR mice from B company subjected to 12 Gy of TBI showed LD 70/30 and suitable as a mouse model for further development of new drug using the ideal total-body irradiation model.
27382380	19	30	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27382380	38	49	lethal dose	T081	C1443964
27382380	53	75	total-body irradiation	T061	C0043162
27382380	110	128	radiation exposure	T037	C0015333
27382380	132	149	nuclear disasters	T067	C0012618
27382380	153	165	side effects	T046	C0879626
27382380	169	179	anticancer	T061	C0920425
27382380	180	192	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27382380	212	220	research	T062	C0035168
27382380	225	242	radiation damages	T047	C3828416
27382380	246	252	remedy	T077	C1880198
27382380	288	293	study	T062	C2603343
27382380	311	316	level	T080	C0441889
27382380	320	322	LD	T081	C1443964
27382380	332	343	lethal dose	T081	C1443964
27382380	355	359	mice	T015	C0026809
27382380	370	374	days	T079	C0439228
27382380	379	403	total-body γ irradiation	T061	C0043162
27382380	405	408	TBI	T061	C0043162
27382380	415	426	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27382380	459	467	week-old	T079	C0439230
27382380	468	472	male	T032	C0086582
27382380	473	476	ICR	T015	C0025925
27382380	481	494	C57BL/6N mice	T015	C1511382
27382380	500	501	A	T073,T092	C0683757
27382380	506	517	B companies	T073,T092	C0683757
27382380	532	541	high dose	T081	C0444956
27382380	554	556	Gy	T081	C1956312
27382380	558	561	TBI	T061	C0043162
27382380	569	580	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27382380	586	597	body weight	T032	C0005910
27382380	602	615	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27382380	621	630	monitored	T058	C1283169
27382380	638	642	days	T079	C0439228
27382380	643	656	consecutively	T080	C1707491
27382380	666	676	experiment	T062	C0681814
27382380	681	689	week-old	T079	C0439230
27382380	690	694	male	T032	C0086582
27382380	695	698	ICR	T015	C0025925
27382380	703	716	C57BL/6N mice	T015	C1511382
27382380	722	731	B company	T073,T092	C0683757
27382380	746	750	same	T080	C0445247
27382380	751	755	dose	T081	C4019308
27382380	756	767	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27382380	769	776	Results	T169	C1274040
27382380	789	802	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27382380	807	825	body weight change	T033	C0005911
27382380	826	830	rate	T081	C1521828
27382380	834	854	inbred C57BL/6N mice	T015	C1511382
27382380	860	867	similar	T080	C2348205
27382380	876	877	A	T073,T092	C0683757
27382380	882	891	B company	T073,T092	C0683757
27382380	896	904	ICR mice	T015	C0025925
27382380	915	928	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27382380	933	951	body weight change	T033	C0005911
27382380	952	956	rate	T081	C1521828
27382380	962	982	completely different	T080	C1705242
27382380	993	1002	companies	T073,T092	C0683757
27382380	1004	1026	Significant difference	T081	C1705241
27382380	1030	1043	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27382380	1049	1052	ICR	T015	C0025925
27382380	1057	1069	C57BL6N mice	T015	C1511382
27382380	1074	1077	not	T169	C1518422
27382380	1078	1086	observed	T169	C1441672
27382380	1101	1109	week-old	T079	C0439230
27382380	1117	1125	week-old	T079	C0439230
27382380	1126	1132	groups	T078	C0441833
27382380	1152	1154	Gy	T081	C1956312
27382380	1155	1158	TBI	T061	C0043162
27382380	1164	1171	results	T169	C1274040
27382380	1190	1196	strain	T001	C1518614
27382380	1201	1204	age	T032	C0001779
27382380	1208	1212	mice	T015	C0026809
27382380	1234	1241	company	T073,T092	C0683757
27382380	1254	1261	outbred	T008	C0887834
27382380	1287	1306	experimental groups	T078	C0441833
27382380	1310	1313	TBI	T061	C0043162
27382380	1314	1324	experiment	T062	C0681814
27382380	1339	1346	results	T169	C1274040
27382380	1351	1359	week-old	T079	C0439230
27382380	1360	1364	male	T032	C0086582
27382380	1365	1368	ICR	T015	C0025925
27382380	1379	1388	B company	T073,T092	C0683757
27382380	1405	1407	Gy	T081	C1956312
27382380	1411	1414	TBI	T061	C0043162
27382380	1422	1424	LD	T081	C1443964
27382380	1449	1460	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27382380	1488	1491	new	T080	C0205314
27382380	1492	1496	drug	T121	C1254351
27382380	1507	1512	ideal	T080	C1512612
27382380	1513	1535	total-body irradiation	T061	C0043162
27382380	1536	1541	model	T170	C3161035

27383174|t|Dominant and Non- Dominant Frequency Structure of Evoked Ventricular Fibrillation in Dogs with Myocardial Ischemia
27383174|a|The first 10 min of electrically provoked ventricular fibrillation in dogs with ischemic heart disease were characterized by organized myocardial activity evidenced by the dominant ECG frequency structure. During the first 2 min of ventricular fibrillation, low-frequency oscillations (4-7 Hz) dominated, while on min 3 to 10 after the onset of fibrillation, the dominant frequencies were low and medium (4-12 Hz). After 10-min fibrillation, the oscillations became non- dominant. Thus, ischemic myocardium maintains the organized structure of ventricular fibrillation for the first 10 min, which is important for the development of automatic diagnostics of abnormal cardiac activity in humans.
27383174	0	8	Dominant	T033	C0429283
27383174	18	26	Dominant	T033	C0429283
27383174	27	36	Frequency	T079	C0376249
27383174	50	56	Evoked	T080	C1444748
27383174	57	81	Ventricular Fibrillation	T047	C0042510
27383174	85	89	Dogs	T015	C0012984
27383174	95	114	Myocardial Ischemia	T047	C0151744
27383174	135	156	electrically provoked	T061	C3517066
27383174	157	181	ventricular fibrillation	T047	C0042510
27383174	185	189	dogs	T015	C0012984
27383174	195	217	ischemic heart disease	T047	C0151744
27383174	223	236	characterized	T052	C1880022
27383174	240	249	organized	T169	C1300196
27383174	250	269	myocardial activity	T042	C1254358
27383174	287	309	dominant ECG frequency	T033	C0429283
27383174	347	371	ventricular fibrillation	T047	C0042510
27383174	373	399	low-frequency oscillations	T080	C0205556
27383174	460	472	fibrillation	T047	C0042510
27383174	478	498	dominant frequencies	T033	C0429283
27383174	504	507	low	T080	C0205251
27383174	512	518	medium	T081	C0439536
27383174	543	555	fibrillation	T047	C0042510
27383174	561	573	oscillations	T061	C0695434
27383174	586	594	dominant	T033	C0429283
27383174	602	621	ischemic myocardium	T033	C2919051
27383174	622	631	maintains	T052	C0024501
27383174	636	655	organized structure	T079	C0449236
27383174	659	683	ventricular fibrillation	T047	C0042510
27383174	733	744	development	T169	C1527148
27383174	748	769	automatic diagnostics	T060	C0011905
27383174	773	798	abnormal cardiac activity	T033	C4062482
27383174	802	808	humans	T016	C0086418

27383326|t|Adverse events risk associated with angiogenesis inhibitors addition to therapy in ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
27383326|a|Inhibition of angiogenesis has been regarded as an attractive treatment strategy for advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer. We conduct this meta-analysis to investigate the risk of adverse events of special interest related to angiogenesis inhibitors (AIs) in ovarian cancer. Databases from PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane library up to December 2015 were searched to identify relevant studies. Eligible studies included prospective randomized controlled phase II/III clinical trials evaluating therapy with or without AIs for ovarian cancer. Summary relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects or fixed-effects according to the heterogeneity among included trials. A total of 7,761 patients from ten clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled RR showed that the use of AIs was associated with a statistically increased risk in four of the adverse outcomes studied: arterial thromboembolic events (RR = 2.0), gastrointestinal (GI) perforation (RR = 3.86), proteinuria (RR = 2.44), and hypertension (RR = 5.39). No statistically significant differences were found for hemorrhagic events (p = 0.07), venous thromboembolic events (p = 0.13), or fatal adverse events (p = 0.26). The addition of AIs to therapy in ovarian cancer did significantly increase the risk of arterial thromboembolic events, GI perforation, proteinuria and hypertension, but not for venous thromboembolic events, hemorrhagic events, or fatal adverse events.
27383326	0	14	Adverse events	T046	C0877248
27383326	15	19	risk	T078	C0035647
27383326	20	35	associated with	T080	C0332281
27383326	36	59	angiogenesis inhibitors	T121,T123	C0596087
27383326	72	79	therapy	T061	C0087111
27383326	83	97	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27383326	101	114	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27383326	118	146	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27383326	147	173	Inhibition of angiogenesis	T043	C1510884
27383326	209	227	treatment strategy	T061	C0087111
27383326	232	240	advanced	T191	C0029925
27383326	244	268	recurrent ovarian cancer	T191	C0278689
27383326	286	299	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27383326	303	314	investigate	T169	C1292732
27383326	319	323	risk	T078	C0035647
27383326	327	341	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27383326	373	396	angiogenesis inhibitors	T121,T123	C0596087
27383326	398	401	AIs	T121,T123	C0596087
27383326	406	420	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27383326	422	431	Databases	T170	C0242356
27383326	437	443	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27383326	445	459	Web of Science	T170	C0282574
27383326	464	480	Cochrane library	T073,T092	C0023621
27383326	527	535	relevant	T080	C2347946
27383326	536	543	studies	T062	C2603343
27383326	554	561	studies	T062	C2603343
27383326	571	633	prospective randomized controlled phase II/III clinical trials	T062	C0206035
27383326	634	644	evaluating	T058	C0557980
27383326	645	652	therapy	T061	C0087111
27383326	669	672	AIs	T121,T123	C0596087
27383326	677	691	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27383326	701	714	relative risk	T081	C0242492
27383326	716	718	RR	T081	C0242492
27383326	728	748	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27383326	750	753	CIs	T081	C0009667
27383326	760	770	calculated	T052	C1441506
27383326	777	791	random-effects	T080	C0205556
27383326	795	808	fixed-effects	T080	C0205556
27383326	826	839	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27383326	855	861	trials	T062	C0008976
27383326	880	888	patients	T101	C0030705
27383326	898	913	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27383326	935	948	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27383326	950	956	Pooled	T169	C2349200
27383326	957	959	RR	T081	C0242492
27383326	976	982	use of	T169	C1524063
27383326	983	986	AIs	T121,T123	C0596087
27383326	991	1006	associated with	T080	C0332281
27383326	1023	1032	increased	T081	C0205217
27383326	1033	1037	risk	T078	C0035647
27383326	1053	1060	adverse	T169	C0001688
27383326	1061	1069	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27383326	1079	1102	arterial thromboembolic	T046	C3544094
27383326	1103	1109	events	T051	C0441471
27383326	1111	1113	RR	T081	C0242492
27383326	1122	1155	gastrointestinal (GI) perforation	T047	C0151664
27383326	1157	1159	RR	T081	C0242492
27383326	1169	1180	proteinuria	T033	C0033687
27383326	1182	1184	RR	T081	C0242492
27383326	1198	1210	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27383326	1212	1214	RR	T081	C0242492
27383326	1224	1252	No statistically significant	T033	C3694175
27383326	1253	1264	differences	T080	C1705242
27383326	1280	1291	hemorrhagic	T046	C0019080
27383326	1292	1298	events	T051	C0441471
27383326	1311	1332	venous thromboembolic	T047	C1861172
27383326	1333	1339	events	T051	C0441471
27383326	1355	1360	fatal	T080	C1302234
27383326	1361	1375	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27383326	1404	1407	AIs	T121,T123	C0596087
27383326	1411	1418	therapy	T061	C0087111
27383326	1422	1436	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27383326	1455	1463	increase	T169	C0442805
27383326	1468	1472	risk	T078	C0035647
27383326	1476	1499	arterial thromboembolic	T046	C3544094
27383326	1500	1506	events	T051	C0441471
27383326	1508	1522	GI perforation	T047	C0151664
27383326	1524	1535	proteinuria	T033	C0033687
27383326	1540	1552	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27383326	1566	1587	venous thromboembolic	T047	C1861172
27383326	1588	1594	events	T051	C0441471
27383326	1596	1607	hemorrhagic	T046	C0019080
27383326	1608	1614	events	T051	C0441471
27383326	1619	1624	fatal	T080	C1302234
27383326	1625	1639	adverse events	T046	C0877248

27383484|t|Phytochemical screening, antiglycation and antioxidant activities of whole plant of Boerhavia repens L. from Cholistan, Pakistan
27383484|a|Present study was aimed to explore a traditionally used indigenous medicinal plant Boerhavia repens (Nyctaginaceae family) of the Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Crude aqueous and methanolic extracts of the whole plant were investigated in vitro for preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antiglycation activities. Antioxidant activities were determined by total phenolic contents, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. For antiglycation activities browning production was noted and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) technique was used to determine glycation level. Boerhavia repens expressed considerable amounts of phytochemicals. Extract yield was found to be 4.59%-7.85% g/100g of dry matter with total phenolics ranging from 47.9- 190.77mg/GAE per g for aqueous and methanol extract respectively. Strong inhibitory effect was exhibited by methanolic extract in linoleic acid per oxidation system (86.11%, EC50=0.99mg/mL) and DPPH assay (88.65%, EC50=212.33μg/ml). In term of browning maximum inhibition (81.50%) was exhibited by methanolic extract at 37°C at third week of incubation. Both extracts expressed significant (P>0.05) and comparable inhibition of glycation level. In conclusion, Boerhavia repens showed promising antioxidant and antiglycation activities validating its therapeutic potential.
27383484	0	13	Phytochemical	T109,T123	C0577749
27383484	14	23	screening	T059	C0022885
27383484	25	38	antiglycation	T067	C1254366
27383484	43	65	antioxidant activities	T067	C1254366
27383484	69	80	whole plant	T002	C2698829
27383484	84	103	Boerhavia repens L.	T002	C1904391
27383484	109	118	Cholistan	T083	C0017446
27383484	120	128	Pakistan	T083	C0030211
27383484	137	142	study	T062	C2603343
27383484	185	195	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27383484	196	211	medicinal plant	T002	C0032100
27383484	212	228	Boerhavia repens	T002	C1904391
27383484	230	243	Nyctaginaceae	T002	C0996703
27383484	244	250	family	T099	C0015576
27383484	259	275	Cholistan desert	T083	C0017446
27383484	277	285	Pakistan	T083	C0030211
27383484	287	300	Crude aqueous	T167	C2828366
27383484	305	315	methanolic	T109,T131	C0001963
27383484	305	324	methanolic extracts	T167	C2828366
27383484	332	343	whole plant	T002	C2698829
27383484	349	361	investigated	T169	C1292732
27383484	362	370	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27383484	387	400	phytochemical	T109,T123	C0577749
27383484	401	410	screening	T059	C0022885
27383484	412	423	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27383484	428	452	antiglycation activities	T067	C1254366
27383484	454	476	Antioxidant activities	T044	C1148564
27383484	502	510	phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
27383484	521	570	1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical	T109,T130	C0045305
27383484	552	556	DPPH	T109,T130	C0045305
27383484	571	581	scavenging	T067	C1254366
27383484	586	596	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27383484	600	605	lipid	T109	C0023779
27383484	606	618	peroxidation	T067	C1254366
27383484	624	648	antiglycation activities	T067	C1254366
27383484	649	657	browning	T070	C0085927
27383484	683	702	thiobarbituric acid	T109	C0076442
27383484	704	707	TBA	T109	C0076442
27383484	709	718	technique	T059	C0022885
27383484	741	756	glycation level	T080	C0441889
27383484	758	774	Boerhavia repens	T002	C1904391
27383484	809	823	phytochemicals	T109,T123	C0577749
27383484	825	832	Extract	T167	C2828366
27383484	877	887	dry matter	T167	C0439861
27383484	899	908	phenolics	T109,T121	C0359916
27383484	951	958	aqueous	T167	C2828366
27383484	963	971	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27383484	963	979	methanol extract	T167	C2828366
27383484	1001	1011	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27383484	1012	1018	effect	T080	C1280500
27383484	1036	1046	methanolic	T109,T131	C0001963
27383484	1036	1054	methanolic extract	T167	C2828366
27383484	1058	1071	linoleic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27383484	1072	1085	per oxidation	T067	C0178796
27383484	1122	1126	DPPH	T109,T130	C0045305
27383484	1127	1132	assay	T059	C1510438
27383484	1172	1180	browning	T070	C0085927
27383484	1189	1199	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27383484	1226	1236	methanolic	T109,T131	C0001963
27383484	1226	1244	methanolic extract	T167	C2828366
27383484	1262	1266	week	T079	C0439230
27383484	1270	1280	incubation	T059	C1439852
27383484	1287	1295	extracts	T167	C2828366
27383484	1342	1352	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27383484	1356	1371	glycation level	T080	C0441889
27383484	1388	1404	Boerhavia repens	T002	C1904391
27383484	1422	1433	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27383484	1438	1462	antiglycation activities	T067	C1254366
27383484	1478	1489	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27383484	1490	1499	potential	T080	C3245505

27383496|t|In vitro genotoxicity of pyridine in human lymphocytes
27383496|a|This work was carried out to study the genotoxicity of pyridine in vitro on human leucocyte culture. Cyclophosphamide, a well-known carcinogen was used as positive control. The four different concentrations of pyridine and cyclophosphamide showed breaks and pulverization of chromosomes in dose dependent manner. Higher number of pulverization was observed with higher concentration of pyridine (3.25μg/mL). Based on this data, our results confirm that both pyridine and its precursor showed genotoxicity against human lymphocytes.
27383496	0	8	In vitro	T080	C1533691
27383496	9	21	genotoxicity	T049	C0598309
27383496	25	33	pyridine	T109,T130	C0034251
27383496	37	42	human	T016	C0086418
27383496	43	54	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
27383496	94	106	genotoxicity	T049	C0598309
27383496	110	118	pyridine	T109,T130	C0034251
27383496	119	127	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27383496	131	136	human	T016	C0086418
27383496	137	146	leucocyte	T025	C0023516
27383496	147	154	culture	UnknownType	C0681854
27383496	156	172	Cyclophosphamide	T109,T121	C0010583
27383496	187	197	carcinogen	T131	C0007090
27383496	210	226	positive control	T077	C1883676
27383496	247	261	concentrations	T081	C0457929
27383496	265	273	pyridine	T109,T130	C0034251
27383496	278	294	cyclophosphamide	T109,T121	C0010583
27383496	302	308	breaks	T049	C0333704
27383496	313	341	pulverization of chromosomes	T049	C0333708
27383496	345	359	dose dependent	T081	C1512045
27383496	368	381	Higher number	T081	C0205217
27383496	385	398	pulverization	T049	C0333708
27383496	417	423	higher	T080	C0205250
27383496	424	437	concentration	T081	C0457929
27383496	441	449	pyridine	T109,T130	C0034251
27383496	487	502	results confirm	T170	C3242807
27383496	513	521	pyridine	T109,T130	C0034251
27383496	530	539	precursor	T078	C1709634
27383496	547	559	genotoxicity	T049	C0598309
27383496	568	573	human	T016	C0086418
27383496	574	585	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264

27383575|t|Alzheimer's disease against peptides products of enzymatic cleavage of APP protein. Forming and variety of fibrillating peptides - some aspects
27383575|a|Various and different peptides products resulting from enzymatic protein cleavage of Amyloid Precursor Proteins (APP) are the main agents in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although relatively well-known, they still arouse interest leading to further intense and wide-ranging research. Their biology and physico-chemical properties still are challenging for basic, experimental research and are matter of scientific debate. The APP itself and its functions are still somewhat enigmatic and therefore it is also called the All Purpose Protein. Apart from well known amyloidogenic and antiamyloidogenic (non-amyloidogenic) enzymatic cleavage pathways of APP protein this paper deals with issues connected with other, alternative pathways that seem to be interesting and important as well. They lead to other than Aβ forms of peptide products such as: N-APP, N-terminally cleavage products of APP (N-terminally truncated) Aβ', γ- secretase -independent pathway products that involve concerted cleavages of APP by α- and β-secretase or products that emerge after caspase activity. Presence of all these peptides in CSF, ISF, blood serum and urine of the AD patients is crucial for successful diagnosis, giving rise to hope of their better detection and potentially better treatment of AD. Therefore, newly discovered products of the AβT domain cleavage (Aβ total i.e. full fibrillating domain of APP), Aβ type products and other peptides because of their biology and physico-chemical properties are very intriguing and deserve further experimental research. On the other hand after better recognition and better understanding their biology they might be enormously useful in the future for diagnosis and therapy for example Alzheimer's disease.
27383575	0	19	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27383575	28	45	peptides products	T116	C0030956
27383575	49	58	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
27383575	59	67	cleavage	T044	C0597304
27383575	71	82	APP protein	T116	C0085151
27383575	84	91	Forming	T169	C0205431
27383575	107	128	fibrillating peptides	T116	C0030956
27383575	166	183	peptides products	T116	C0030956
27383575	199	208	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
27383575	209	225	protein cleavage	T044	C0597304
27383575	229	255	Amyloid Precursor Proteins	T116	C0085151
27383575	257	260	APP	T116	C0085151
27383575	275	281	agents	T120	C0450442
27383575	289	304	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27383575	308	327	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27383575	329	331	AD	T047	C0002395
27383575	437	445	research	T062	C0035168
27383575	453	460	biology	T044	C1148560
27383575	465	492	physico-chemical properties	T080	C0871161
27383575	526	547	experimental research	T062	C0681814
27383575	566	583	scientific debate	T052	C0870392
27383575	589	592	APP	T116	C0085151
27383575	608	617	functions	T044	C1527118
27383575	695	702	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27383575	726	739	amyloidogenic	T044	C0597304
27383575	744	809	antiamyloidogenic (non-amyloidogenic) enzymatic cleavage pathways	T044	C1704259
27383575	813	824	APP protein	T116	C0085151
27383575	830	835	paper	T170	C1706852
27383575	847	853	issues	T033	C0033213
27383575	876	887	alternative	T077	C1523987
27383575	888	896	pathways	T044	C1704259
27383575	972	1000	Aβ forms of peptide products	T116	C0078939
27383575	1010	1015	N-APP	T116	C0078939
27383575	1051	1054	APP	T116	C0085151
27383575	1056	1078	N-terminally truncated	T116	C1510464
27383575	1080	1083	Aβ'	T116	C0078939
27383575	1085	1097	γ- secretase	T116,T126	C0379528
27383575	1085	1127	γ- secretase -independent pathway products	T116	C0030956
27383575	1151	1160	cleavages	T044	C0597304
27383575	1164	1167	APP	T116	C0085151
27383575	1171	1173	α-	T116,T126	C0379526
27383575	1178	1189	β-secretase	T116,T126	C1454853
27383575	1193	1201	products	T116	C0030956
27383575	1220	1236	caspase activity	T044	C1150130
27383575	1260	1268	peptides	T116	C0030956
27383575	1272	1275	CSF	T031	C0007806
27383575	1277	1280	ISF	T031	C0162367
27383575	1282	1293	blood serum	T031	C0229671
27383575	1298	1303	urine	T031	C0042036
27383575	1311	1313	AD	T047	C0002395
27383575	1314	1322	patients	T101	C0030705
27383575	1349	1358	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27383575	1396	1405	detection	T033	C0442726
27383575	1429	1438	treatment	T061	C0087111
27383575	1442	1444	AD	T047	C0002395
27383575	1474	1482	products	T116	C0030956
27383575	1490	1509	AβT domain cleavage	T044	C0597304
27383575	1511	1519	Aβ total	T116	C0078939
27383575	1530	1556	fibrillating domain of APP	T116	C0085151
27383575	1559	1575	Aβ type products	T116	C0078939
27383575	1586	1594	peptides	T116	C0030956
27383575	1612	1619	biology	T044	C1148560
27383575	1624	1651	physico-chemical properties	T080	C0871161
27383575	1692	1713	experimental research	T062	C0681814
27383575	1789	1796	biology	T044	C1148560
27383575	1847	1856	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27383575	1861	1868	therapy	T061	C0087111
27383575	1881	1900	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395

27384095|t|Clinical Significance of 2 Deep Posterior Perianal Spaces to Complex Cryptoglandular Fistulas
27384095|a|Confusion exists regarding the clinical significance of the deep posterior intersphincteric space and deep postanal space to complex perianal fistulas. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical significance of the 2 deep posterior perianal spaces and to describe in detail the courses of posterior complex cryptoglandular fistula extensions. This was a retrospective study. MRI - based characteristics of selected perianal fistulas were independently evaluated by examiners who focused on lesions in these 2 spaces and were blinded to each other's findings. This study was conducted in the colorectal surgery and radiology departments of a large university teaching hospital in China. Included in the study were patients who underwent pelvic MRI for posterior perianal fistula between October 2012 and December 2014. The occurrence rates of these 2 deep perianal space lesions in posterior cryptoglandular fistulas were determined. A total of 513 primary posterior cryptoglandular fistulas were identified in 508 patients, including 167 deep posterior intersphincteric space lesions (32.6%) and 23 deep postanal space lesions (4.5%). Of those, 173 fistulas (33.7%) were evaluated as complex. The former and latter spaces were involved in 79.2% (137/173) and 13.3% (23/173) of posterior complex fistulas. Compared with deep postanal space lesions, deep posterior intersphincteric space lesions were more common in cases with high transsphincteric or suprasphincteric fistulas (80.1% vs 15.8%), synchronous multiple transsphincteric fistulas (82.4% vs 20.6%), horseshoe-like fistulas (85.5% vs 14.5%), and supralevator fistulas (93.5% vs 16.1%). Similar incidences were also seen in cases with ischioanal - involved horseshoe-like fistulas (75.0% vs 25.0%). This study was limited by its retrospective nature. The deep posterior intersphincteric space is more likely than the deep postanal space to be involved in complex cryptoglandular fistulas and is likely to play a more important role in the management of complex cryptoglandular fistulas.
27384095	0	21	Clinical Significance	T033	C2826293
27384095	27	57	Deep Posterior Perianal Spaces	T030	C0822062
27384095	61	68	Complex	T080	C0439855
27384095	69	84	Cryptoglandular	T023	C2826788
27384095	85	93	Fistulas	T190	C0016169
27384095	125	146	clinical significance	T033	C2826293
27384095	154	168	deep posterior	T082	C0205095
27384095	169	191	intersphincteric space	T029	C0227425
27384095	196	215	deep postanal space	T030	C0822063
27384095	219	226	complex	T080	C0439855
27384095	227	244	perianal fistulas	T190	C0267561
27384095	266	271	study	T062	C2603343
27384095	290	311	clinical significance	T033	C2826293
27384095	321	351	deep posterior perianal spaces	T030	C0822062
27384095	393	402	posterior	T082	C0205095
27384095	403	410	complex	T080	C0439855
27384095	411	426	cryptoglandular	T023	C2826788
27384095	427	434	fistula	T190	C0016169
27384095	435	445	extensions	T169	C0231448
27384095	458	477	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27384095	479	482	MRI	T060	C0024485
27384095	485	490	based	T169	C1527178
27384095	491	506	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27384095	510	518	selected	T052	C1707391
27384095	519	536	perianal fistulas	T190	C0267561
27384095	556	565	evaluated	T058	C0557980
27384095	569	578	examiners	T097	C0025082
27384095	583	590	focused	T169	C1285542
27384095	594	601	lesions	T033	C0221198
27384095	613	619	spaces	T030	C0229984
27384095	668	673	study	T062	C2603343
27384095	695	713	colorectal surgery	T093	C0587519
27384095	718	739	radiology departments	T093	C0587500
27384095	751	779	university teaching hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
27384095	783	788	China	T083	C0008115
27384095	817	825	patients	T101	C0030705
27384095	840	850	pelvic MRI	T060	C0203201
27384095	855	864	posterior	T082	C0205095
27384095	855	864	posterior	T082	C0205095
27384095	865	881	perianal fistula	T190	C0267561
27384095	890	897	October	T079	C3828732
27384095	907	915	December	T080	C3830550
27384095	926	936	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27384095	937	942	rates	T081	C1521828
27384095	954	973	deep perianal space	T030	C0822057
27384095	974	981	lesions	T033	C0221198
27384095	985	994	posterior	T082	C0205095
27384095	995	1010	cryptoglandular	T023	C2826788
27384095	1011	1019	fistulas	T190	C0016169
27384095	1025	1035	determined	T080	C0521095
27384095	1052	1059	primary	T080	C0205225
27384095	1060	1069	posterior	T082	C0205095
27384095	1070	1085	cryptoglandular	T023	C2826788
27384095	1086	1094	fistulas	T190	C0016169
27384095	1100	1110	identified	T080	C0205396
27384095	1118	1126	patients	T101	C0030705
27384095	1142	1156	deep posterior	T082	C0205095
27384095	1157	1179	intersphincteric space	T029	C0227425
27384095	1180	1187	lesions	T033	C0221198
27384095	1203	1222	deep postanal space	T030	C0822063
27384095	1223	1230	lesions	T033	C0221198
27384095	1253	1261	fistulas	T190	C0016169
27384095	1275	1284	evaluated	T058	C0557980
27384095	1288	1295	complex	T080	C0439855
27384095	1301	1307	former	T079	C0205156
27384095	1312	1318	latter	T079	C0205087
27384095	1319	1325	spaces	T030	C0229984
27384095	1331	1339	involved	T169	C1314939
27384095	1381	1390	posterior	T082	C0205095
27384095	1391	1398	complex	T080	C0439855
27384095	1399	1407	fistulas	T190	C0016169
27384095	1409	1417	Compared	T052	C1707455
27384095	1423	1442	deep postanal space	T030	C0822063
27384095	1443	1450	lesions	T033	C0221198
27384095	1452	1466	deep posterior	T082	C0205095
27384095	1467	1489	intersphincteric space	T029	C0227425
27384095	1490	1497	lesions	T033	C0221198
27384095	1508	1514	common	T081	C0205214
27384095	1518	1523	cases	T169	C0868928
27384095	1529	1533	high	T080	C0205250
27384095	1534	1550	transsphincteric	T190	C0267571
27384095	1554	1579	suprasphincteric fistulas	T190	C0341380
27384095	1598	1609	synchronous	T079	C0439580
27384095	1610	1618	multiple	T081	C0439064
27384095	1619	1644	transsphincteric fistulas	T190	C0267571
27384095	1663	1686	horseshoe-like fistulas	T047	C1960176
27384095	1709	1721	supralevator	T030	C0822054
27384095	1722	1730	fistulas	T190	C0016169
27384095	1757	1767	incidences	T081	C0021149
27384095	1786	1791	cases	T169	C0868928
27384095	1797	1807	ischioanal	T030	C0225295
27384095	1810	1818	involved	T169	C1314939
27384095	1819	1842	horseshoe-like fistulas	T047	C1960176
27384095	1866	1871	study	T062	C2603343
27384095	1891	1904	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27384095	1917	1931	deep posterior	T082	C0205095
27384095	1932	1954	intersphincteric space	T029	C0227425
27384095	1979	1998	deep postanal space	T030	C0822063
27384095	2005	2013	involved	T169	C1314939
27384095	2017	2024	complex	T080	C0439855
27384095	2025	2040	cryptoglandular	T023	C2826788
27384095	2041	2049	fistulas	T190	C0016169
27384095	2079	2088	important	T080	C3898777
27384095	2101	2111	management	T058	C0376636
27384095	2115	2122	complex	T080	C0439855
27384095	2123	2138	cryptoglandular	T023	C2826788
27384095	2139	2147	fistulas	T190	C0016169

27384243|t|Conditional ablation of myeloid TNF increases lesion volume after experimental stroke in mice, possibly via altered ERK1/2 signaling
27384243|a|Microglia are activated following cerebral ischemia and increase their production of the neuro - and immunomodulatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). To address the function of TNF from this cellular source in focal cerebral ischemia we used TNF conditional knock out mice (LysMcreTNF(fl/fl)) in which the TNF gene was deleted in cells of the myeloid lineage, including microglia. The deletion reduced secreted TNF levels in lipopolysaccharide -stimulated cultured primary microglia by ~93%. Furthermore, phosphorylated-ERK / ERK ratios were significantly decreased in naïve LysMcreTNF(fl/fl) mice demonstrating altered ERK signal transduction. Micro-PET using (18)[F]-fluorodeoxyglucose immediately after focal cerebral ischemia showed increased glucose uptake in LysMcreTNF(fl/fl) mice, representing significant metabolic changes, that translated into increased infarct volumes at 24 hours and 5 days compared to littermates (TNFfl/fl). In naïve LysMcreTNF(fl/fl) mice cytokine levels were low and comparable to littermates. At 6 hours, TNF producing microglia were reduced by 56% in the ischemic cortex in LysMcreTNF(fl/fl) mice compared to littermate mice, whereas no TNF(+) leukocytes were detected. At 24 hours, pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-5 and CXCL1) levels were significantly lower in LysMcreTNF(fl/fl) mice, despite comparable infiltrating leukocyte populations. Our results identify microglia l TNF as beneficial and neuroprotective in the acute phase and as a modulator of neuroinflammation at later time points after experimental ischemia, which may contribute to regenerative recovery.
27384243	12	20	ablation	T061	C0547070
27384243	24	31	myeloid	T080	C0439677
27384243	32	35	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
27384243	46	52	lesion	T033	C0221198
27384243	53	59	volume	T081	C0449468
27384243	66	93	experimental stroke in mice	T050	C0012644
27384243	116	132	ERK1/2 signaling	T044	C2611831
27384243	133	142	Microglia	T025	C0206116
27384243	167	184	cerebral ischemia	T047	C0917798
27384243	222	227	neuro	T123	C0949370
27384243	234	250	immunomodulatory	T121,T129	C0005525
27384243	251	259	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27384243	260	281	tumor necrosis factor	T116,T129	C0041368
27384243	283	286	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
27384243	304	312	function	T169	C0542341
27384243	316	319	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
27384243	330	345	cellular source	T033	C0449416
27384243	349	372	focal cerebral ischemia	T047	C0917798
27384243	381	384	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
27384243	397	431	knock out mice (LysMcreTNF(fl/fl))	T015	C0206745
27384243	445	453	TNF gene	T028	C0812246
27384243	458	465	deleted	T052	C1880274
27384243	469	474	cells	T025	C0007634
27384243	482	497	myeloid lineage	T078	C0282637
27384243	509	518	microglia	T025	C0206116
27384243	524	532	deletion	T045	C0017260
27384243	550	553	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
27384243	554	560	levels	T080	C0441889
27384243	564	582	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27384243	595	621	cultured primary microglia	T025	C0007635
27384243	644	662	phosphorylated-ERK	T116,T126	C0752312
27384243	665	668	ERK	T116,T126	C0752312
27384243	669	675	ratios	T081	C0456603
27384243	708	736	naïve LysMcreTNF(fl/fl) mice	T015	C0026809
27384243	759	762	ERK	T116,T126	C0752312
27384243	763	782	signal transduction	T043	C0037083
27384243	784	793	Micro-PET	T060	C0032743
27384243	800	826	(18)[F]-fluorodeoxyglucose	T109,T130	C0046056
27384243	845	868	focal cerebral ischemia	T047	C0917798
27384243	886	900	glucose uptake	T043	C1159527
27384243	904	926	LysMcreTNF(fl/fl) mice	T015	C0026809
27384243	953	962	metabolic	T040	C0025519
27384243	963	970	changes	T169	C0392747
27384243	1003	1010	infarct	T046	C0021308
27384243	1011	1018	volumes	T081	C0449468
27384243	1037	1041	days	T079	C0439228
27384243	1054	1076	littermates (TNFfl/fl)	T015	C0026809
27384243	1081	1109	naïve LysMcreTNF(fl/fl) mice	T015	C0026809
27384243	1110	1118	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27384243	1119	1125	levels	T080	C0441889
27384243	1153	1164	littermates	T015	C0026809
27384243	1178	1181	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
27384243	1192	1201	microglia	T025	C0206116
27384243	1229	1244	ischemic cortex	T046	C0022116
27384243	1248	1270	LysMcreTNF(fl/fl) mice	T015	C0026809
27384243	1283	1298	littermate mice	T015	C0026809
27384243	1311	1317	TNF(+)	T028	C0812246
27384243	1318	1328	leukocytes	T025	C0023516
27384243	1357	1382	pro-inflammatory cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27384243	1384	1387	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
27384243	1389	1394	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27384243	1396	1400	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27384243	1402	1406	IL-5	T116,T129	C0021759
27384243	1411	1416	CXCL1	T116,T123	C0635817
27384243	1418	1424	levels	T080	C0441889
27384243	1453	1475	LysMcreTNF(fl/fl) mice	T015	C0026809
27384243	1509	1530	leukocyte populations	T025	C0023516
27384243	1553	1562	microglia	T025	C0206116
27384243	1565	1568	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
27384243	1587	1602	neuroprotective	T169	C0815279
27384243	1610	1621	acute phase	T079	C0439557
27384243	1644	1661	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
27384243	1702	1710	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27384243	1736	1757	regenerative recovery	T040	C2004454

27384421|t|Screening of Conditionally Reprogrammed Patient -Derived Carcinoma Cells Identifies ERCC3 - MYC Interactions as a Target in Pancreatic Cancer
27384421|a|Even when diagnosed prior to metastasis, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with almost 90% lethality, emphasizing the need for new therapies optimally targeting the tumors of individual patients. We first developed a panel of new physiologic models for study of PDAC, expanding surgical PDAC tumor samples in culture using short-term culture and conditional reprogramming with the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632, and creating matched patient-derived xenografts (PDX). These were evaluated for sensitivity to a large panel of clinical agents, and promising leads further evaluated mechanistically. Only a small minority of tested agents was cytotoxic in minimally passaged PDAC cultures in vitro Drugs interfering with protein turnover and transcription were among most cytotoxic. Among transcriptional repressors, triptolide, a covalent inhibitor of ERCC3, was most consistently effective in vitro and in vivo causing prolonged complete regression in multiple PDX models resistant to standard PDAC therapies. Importantly, triptolide showed superior activity in MYC-amplified PDX models and elicited rapid and profound depletion of the oncoprotein MYC, a transcriptional regulator. Expression of ERCC3 and MYC was interdependent in PDACs, and acquired resistance to triptolide depended on elevated ERCC3 and MYC expression. The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis indicates ERCC3 expression predicts poor prognosis, particularly in CDKN2A-null, highly proliferative tumors. This provides initial preclinical evidence for an essential role of MYC - ERCC3 interactions in PDAC, and suggests a new mechanistic approach for disruption of critical survival signaling in MYC -dependent cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6153-63. ©2016 AACR.
27384421	0	9	Screening	T058	C0220908
27384421	13	39	Conditionally Reprogrammed	T052	C3828338
27384421	40	47	Patient	T101	C0030705
27384421	57	72	Carcinoma Cells	T025	C0334227
27384421	84	89	ERCC3	T116,T126	C1259556
27384421	92	95	MYC	T116,T123	C0080065
27384421	96	108	Interactions	T169	C1704675
27384421	114	120	Target	T169	C1521840
27384421	124	141	Pancreatic Cancer	T191	C0235974
27384421	152	161	diagnosed	T062	C1704656
27384421	171	181	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27384421	183	215	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
27384421	217	221	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27384421	228	250	devastating malignancy	T191	C4282132
27384421	267	276	lethality	T033	C3151529
27384421	307	316	therapies	T061	C0087111
27384421	317	326	optimally	T080	C2698651
27384421	327	336	targeting	T169	C1521840
27384421	341	347	tumors	T191	C0027651
27384421	362	370	patients	T101	C0030705
27384421	393	398	panel	T078	C0441833
27384421	406	417	physiologic	T169	C0205463
27384421	418	424	models	T170	C3161035
27384421	429	434	study	T062	C2603343
27384421	438	442	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27384421	454	462	surgical	T169	C0038895
27384421	463	467	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27384421	468	481	tumor samples	T024	C0475358
27384421	485	492	culture	T059	C0430400
27384421	499	509	short-term	T079	C0443303
27384421	510	517	culture	T059	C0430400
27384421	522	547	conditional reprogramming	T052	C3828338
27384421	557	567	Rho kinase	T116,T126	C0389995
27384421	568	577	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27384421	578	585	Y-27632	T109,T121	C0667301
27384421	608	634	patient-derived xenografts	T122	C0522537
27384421	636	639	PDX	T122	C0522537
27384421	653	662	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27384421	667	678	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27384421	690	695	panel	T078	C0441833
27384421	699	714	clinical agents	T121	C1254351
27384421	744	753	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27384421	754	769	mechanistically	T080	C0205556
27384421	796	809	tested agents	T121	C1254351
27384421	814	823	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27384421	846	850	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27384421	851	859	cultures	T059	C0430400
27384421	860	868	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27384421	869	874	Drugs	T121	C1254351
27384421	892	908	protein turnover	T044	C0597297
27384421	913	926	transcription	T045	C0040649
27384421	943	952	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27384421	960	986	transcriptional repressors	T116,T123	C1336789
27384421	988	998	triptolide	T109,T121	C0077274
27384421	1002	1020	covalent inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27384421	1024	1029	ERCC3	T116,T126	C1259556
27384421	1040	1052	consistently	T078	C0332290
27384421	1053	1062	effective	T080	C1704419
27384421	1063	1071	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27384421	1076	1083	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27384421	1092	1121	prolonged complete regression	T033	C1516747
27384421	1125	1133	multiple	T081	C0439064
27384421	1134	1137	PDX	T061	C0520484
27384421	1138	1144	models	T170	C3161035
27384421	1145	1154	resistant	T169	C0332325
27384421	1158	1166	standard	T080	C1442989
27384421	1167	1171	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27384421	1172	1181	therapies	T061	C0087111
27384421	1196	1206	triptolide	T109,T121	C0077274
27384421	1214	1231	superior activity	T052	C0441655
27384421	1235	1248	MYC-amplified	T116,T123	C0080065
27384421	1249	1252	PDX	T122	C0522537
27384421	1253	1259	models	T170	C3161035
27384421	1273	1278	rapid	T080	C0456962
27384421	1292	1301	depletion	T169	C0333668
27384421	1309	1324	oncoprotein MYC	T116,T123	C0080065
27384421	1328	1353	transcriptional regulator	T045	C1158770
27384421	1355	1365	Expression	T045	C1171362
27384421	1369	1374	ERCC3	T116,T126	C1259556
27384421	1379	1382	MYC	T116,T123	C0080065
27384421	1405	1410	PDACs	T191	C1335302
27384421	1416	1435	acquired resistance	T038	C0013203
27384421	1439	1449	triptolide	T109,T121	C0077274
27384421	1471	1476	ERCC3	T116,T126	C1259556
27384421	1481	1484	MYC	T116,T123	C0080065
27384421	1485	1495	expression	T045	C1171362
27384421	1497	1529	The Cancer Genome Atlas analysis	T062	C3273927
27384421	1540	1545	ERCC3	T116,T126	C1259556
27384421	1546	1556	expression	T045	C1171362
27384421	1566	1580	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27384421	1598	1609	CDKN2A-null	T049	C2985437
27384421	1611	1638	highly proliferative tumors	T191	C0027651
27384421	1662	1673	preclinical	T080	C1709630
27384421	1674	1682	evidence	T078	C3887511
27384421	1708	1711	MYC	T116,T123	C0080065
27384421	1714	1719	ERCC3	T116,T126	C1259556
27384421	1720	1732	interactions	T169	C1704675
27384421	1736	1740	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27384421	1786	1796	disruption	T169	C0332453
27384421	1800	1808	critical	T080	C1511545
27384421	1809	1817	survival	T169	C0220921
27384421	1818	1827	signaling	T038	C3537152
27384421	1831	1834	MYC	T116,T123	C0080065
27384421	1846	1853	cancers	T191	C0006826

27384489|t|Relationship between LRRK2 R1628P polymorphism and Parkinson's disease in Asian populations
27384489|a|Although the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) R1628P polymorphism has been associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in Taiwan, China, and Singapore, there are conflicting findings regarding this relationship. Thus, the aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the associations between the LRRK2 R1628P polymorphism (rs33949390) and PD in Asian populations. A search for eligible studies was performed in PubMed, Embase, SinoMed, and the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the strength of the association between the R1628P polymorphism and PD. This meta-analysis assessed 19 studies from 14 papers that involved a total of 9,927 PD patients and 8,602 controls and found that the R1628P polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of PD in Asian populations. Moreover, stratification analyses indicated that the R1628P polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of PD among Chinese as well as non-Chinese Asian populations and an increased risk of PD in Chinese patients from China, Taiwan, and Singapore. In a stratified analysis conducted according to age, significant associations were found for both late-onset PD and early-onset PD. The present data indicate that the R1628P polymorphism of the LRRK2 gene contributes to PD susceptibility in Asian, especially Chinese, populations.
27384489	0	12	Relationship	T080	C0439849
27384489	21	26	LRRK2	T028	C1425650
27384489	27	46	R1628P polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27384489	51	70	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27384489	74	91	Asian populations	T098	C0078988
27384489	105	133	leucine-rich repeat kinase 2	T028	C1425650
27384489	135	140	LRRK2	T028	C1425650
27384489	142	161	R1628P polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27384489	171	186	associated with	T080	C0332281
27384489	191	195	risk	T078	C0035647
27384489	199	218	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27384489	220	222	PD	T047	C0030567
27384489	227	233	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27384489	235	240	China	T083	C0008115
27384489	246	255	Singapore	T083	C0037173
27384489	303	315	relationship	T080	C0439849
27384489	346	359	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27384489	380	392	associations	T080	C0439849
27384489	405	410	LRRK2	T028	C1425650
27384489	411	430	R1628P polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27384489	432	442	rs33949390	T086	C0752046
27384489	448	450	PD	T047	C0030567
27384489	454	471	Asian populations	T098	C0078988
27384489	495	502	studies	T062	C2603343
27384489	520	526	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27384489	528	534	Embase	T170	C0079198
27384489	536	543	SinoMed	T170	C0079198
27384489	553	597	China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database	T170	C0242356
27384489	630	650	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27384489	693	704	association	T080	C0439849
27384489	717	736	R1628P polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27384489	741	743	PD	T047	C0030567
27384489	750	763	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27384489	776	783	studies	T062	C2603343
27384489	830	832	PD	T047	C0030567
27384489	833	841	patients	T101	C0030705
27384489	852	860	controls	T096	C0009932
27384489	880	899	R1628P polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27384489	918	933	associated with	T080	C0332281
27384489	938	942	risk	T078	C0035647
27384489	946	948	PD	T047	C0030567
27384489	952	969	Asian populations	T098	C0078988
27384489	981	1004	stratification analyses	T062	C1514983
27384489	1024	1043	R1628P polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27384489	1062	1077	associated with	T080	C0332281
27384489	1091	1095	risk	T078	C0035647
27384489	1099	1101	PD	T047	C0030567
27384489	1108	1115	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27384489	1127	1156	non-Chinese Asian populations	T098	C0078988
27384489	1174	1178	risk	T078	C0035647
27384489	1182	1184	PD	T047	C0030567
27384489	1188	1204	Chinese patients	T101	C0030705
27384489	1210	1215	China	T083	C0008115
27384489	1217	1223	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27384489	1229	1238	Singapore	T083	C0037173
27384489	1245	1264	stratified analysis	T062	C1514983
27384489	1288	1291	age	T032	C0001779
27384489	1305	1317	associations	T080	C0439849
27384489	1349	1351	PD	T047	C0030567
27384489	1368	1370	PD	T047	C0030567
27384489	1407	1426	R1628P polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27384489	1434	1444	LRRK2 gene	T028	C1425650
27384489	1460	1462	PD	T047	C0030567
27384489	1463	1477	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27384489	1481	1486	Asian	T098	C0078988
27384489	1499	1506	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27384489	1508	1519	populations	T098	C1257890

27384676|t|Efficacy and safety of cisplatin, dexamethasone, gemcitabine and pegaspargase (DDGP) regimen in newly diagnosed, advanced-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: interim analysis of a phase 4 study NCT01501149
27384676|a|To explore a more effective treatment for newly diagnosed, advanced-stage extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL), we conducted a phase 4 study of the cisplatin, dexamethasone, gemcitabine, pegaspargase (DDGP) regimen. The primary end point was the 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) after the protocol treatment. Secondary endpoints included response rate (RR), overall survival (OS) and median survival time (MST). The interim analysis included data only from March 2011 to September 2013, who received six cycles of DDGP chemotherapy. A total of 25 eligible patients were enrolled. Seventeen patients (17/24, 70.83%) achieved complete response (CR) and four (4/24, 16.67%) achieved partial response (PR), three (3/24, 12.50%) had progressive disease (PD). The RR after treatment was 87.50%. After a median follow-up duration of 24.67 months (range 4-48 months). The 2-year PFS and OS rate were 61.80% (95% CI, 42.00% to 81.60%) and 68.50 % (95% CI, 48.70% to 88.30%), respectively. The MST was 36.55 months (95% CI, 29.41 months to 43.70 months). Grade 3/4 leukopenia occurred in fourteen patients (58.33%) and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia occurred in eleven patients (45.83%). Twelve patients (50.00%) experienced Activated Partial Phromboplastin Ptime (APTT) elongation and fourteen patients (58.33%) experienced hypofibrinogenemia. In conclusion, DDGP regimen is an effective and tolerated treatment for newly diagnosed, advanced-stage ENKTL. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT01501149.
27384676	0	8	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
27384676	13	19	safety	T080	C0678800
27384676	23	32	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27384676	34	47	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27384676	49	60	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27384676	65	77	pegaspargase	T116,T121,T126	C0071568
27384676	79	83	DDGP	T121	C1254351
27384676	85	92	regimen	T061	C0040808
27384676	96	111	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
27384676	113	127	advanced-stage	T080	C0205179
27384676	128	169	extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma	T191	C1955906
27384676	171	178	interim	T079	C2827738
27384676	179	187	analysis	T062	C0936012
27384676	193	200	phase 4	T079	C0439562
27384676	201	206	study	T062	C2603343
27384676	237	246	effective	T080	C1704419
27384676	247	256	treatment	T169	C0039798
27384676	261	276	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
27384676	278	292	advanced-stage	T080	C0205179
27384676	293	346	extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type	T191	C0392788
27384676	348	353	ENKTL	T191	C0392788
27384676	371	378	phase 4	T079	C0439562
27384676	379	384	study	T062	C2603343
27384676	392	401	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27384676	403	416	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27384676	418	429	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27384676	431	443	pegaspargase	T116,T121,T126	C0071568
27384676	445	449	DDGP	T121	C1254351
27384676	451	458	regimen	T061	C0040808
27384676	472	481	end point	T080	C2349179
27384676	497	522	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
27384676	524	527	PFS	T081	C0242792
27384676	539	557	protocol treatment	T061	C0040808
27384676	569	578	endpoints	T080	C2349179
27384676	588	601	response rate	T079	C0237629
27384676	603	605	RR	T079	C0237629
27384676	608	624	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27384676	626	628	OS	T081	C4086681
27384676	634	654	median survival time	T079	C2986586
27384676	656	659	MST	T079	C2986586
27384676	666	673	interim	T079	C2827738
27384676	674	682	analysis	T062	C0936012
27384676	692	696	data	T078	C1511726
27384676	741	749	received	T080	C1514756
27384676	764	768	DDGP	T121	C1254351
27384676	769	781	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27384676	797	805	eligible	T080	C1548635
27384676	806	814	patients	T101	C0030705
27384676	840	848	patients	T101	C0030705
27384676	874	891	complete response	T033	C1275810
27384676	893	895	CR	T033	C1275810
27384676	930	946	partial response	T033	C1521726
27384676	948	950	PR	T033	C1521726
27384676	978	997	progressive disease	T047	C1335499
27384676	999	1001	PD	T047	C1335499
27384676	1008	1010	RR	T079	C0237629
27384676	1017	1026	treatment	T169	C0039798
27384676	1047	1053	median	T081	C0876920
27384676	1054	1063	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27384676	1064	1072	duration	T079	C0449238
27384676	1082	1088	months	T079	C0439231
27384676	1101	1107	months	T079	C0439231
27384676	1121	1124	PFS	T081	C0242792
27384676	1129	1136	OS rate	T081	C0038954
27384676	1154	1156	CI	T081	C0009667
27384676	1193	1195	CI	T081	C0009667
27384676	1234	1237	MST	T079	C2986586
27384676	1248	1254	months	T079	C0439231
27384676	1260	1262	CI	T081	C0009667
27384676	1270	1276	months	T079	C0439231
27384676	1286	1292	months	T079	C0439231
27384676	1295	1300	Grade	T185	C0441800
27384676	1305	1315	leukopenia	T047	C0023530
27384676	1316	1324	occurred	T079	C2745955
27384676	1337	1345	patients	T101	C0030705
27384676	1359	1364	grade	T185	C0441800
27384676	1369	1385	thrombocytopenia	T047	C0040034
27384676	1386	1394	occurred	T079	C2745955
27384676	1405	1413	patients	T101	C0030705
27384676	1431	1439	patients	T101	C0030705
27384676	1461	1499	Activated Partial Phromboplastin Ptime	T059	C0030605
27384676	1501	1505	APTT	T059	C0030605
27384676	1507	1517	elongation	T033	C0240671
27384676	1531	1539	patients	T101	C0030705
27384676	1561	1579	hypofibrinogenemia	T047	C0553681
27384676	1596	1600	DDGP	T121	C1254351
27384676	1601	1608	regimen	T061	C0040808
27384676	1615	1624	effective	T080	C1704419
27384676	1629	1638	tolerated	T033	C0013220
27384676	1639	1648	treatment	T169	C0039798
27384676	1653	1668	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
27384676	1670	1684	advanced-stage	T080	C0205179
27384676	1685	1690	ENKTL	T191	C0392788
27384676	1697	1702	trial	T062	C0008976
27384676	1707	1717	registered	T058	C1514821
27384676	1721	1743	www.ClinicalTrials.gov	T170	C2349146

27385165|t|Biogeochemical Controls of Uranium Bioavailability from the Dissolved Phase in Natural Freshwaters
27385165|a|To gain insights into the risks associated with uranium (U) mining and processing, we investigated the biogeochemical controls of U bioavailability in the model freshwater species Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda). Bioavailability of dissolved U(VI) was characterized in controlled laboratory experiments over a range of water hardness, pH, and in the presence of complexing ligands in the form of dissolved natural organic matter (DOM). Results show that dissolved U is bioavailable under all the geochemical conditions tested. Uranium uptake rates follow first order kinetics over a range encompassing most environmental concentrations. Uranium uptake rates in L. stagnalis ultimately demonstrate saturation uptake kinetics when exposure concentrations exceed 100 nM, suggesting uptake via a finite number of carriers or ion channels. The lack of a relationship between U uptake rate constants and Ca uptake rates suggest that U does not exclusively use Ca membrane transporters. In general, U bioavailability decreases with increasing pH, increasing Ca and Mg concentrations, and when DOM is present. Competing ions did not affect U uptake rates. Speciation modeling that includes formation constants for U ternary complexes reveals that the aqueous concentration of dicarbonato U species (UO2(CO3)2(-2)) best predicts U bioavailability to L. stagnalis, challenging the free-ion activity model postulate.
27385165	0	14	Biogeochemical	T169	C0205474
27385165	15	23	Controls	T080	C0243148
27385165	27	34	Uranium	T196	C0041928
27385165	35	50	Bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27385165	60	75	Dissolved Phase	T080	C1948047
27385165	79	86	Natural	T169	C0205296
27385165	87	98	Freshwaters	T167	C0016710
27385165	125	130	risks	T078	C0035647
27385165	131	146	associated with	T080	C0332281
27385165	147	154	uranium	T196	C0041928
27385165	156	157	U	T196	C0041928
27385165	159	165	mining	T057	C0026175
27385165	170	180	processing	T052	C1709694
27385165	185	197	investigated	T169	C1292732
27385165	202	216	biogeochemical	T169	C0205474
27385165	217	225	controls	T080	C0243148
27385165	229	230	U	T196	C0041928
27385165	231	246	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27385165	260	270	freshwater	T167	C0016710
27385165	271	278	species	T185	C1705920
27385165	279	296	Lymnaea stagnalis	T204	C0323913
27385165	298	308	Gastropoda	T204	C0324023
27385165	311	326	Bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27385165	330	345	dissolved U(VI)	T196	C0041928
27385165	350	363	characterized	T052	C1880022
27385165	367	377	controlled	T169	C2587213
27385165	378	388	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27385165	389	400	experiments	T062	C0681814
27385165	417	422	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27385165	423	431	hardness	T080	C0018599
27385165	433	435	pH	T081	C0020283
27385165	448	456	presence	T033	C0150312
27385165	460	478	complexing ligands	T103	C0023688
27385165	494	526	dissolved natural organic matter	T167	C0567360
27385165	528	531	DOM	T167	C0567360
27385165	534	541	Results	T034	C0456984
27385165	552	563	dissolved U	T196	C0041928
27385165	567	579	bioavailable	T080	C0935763
27385165	594	616	geochemical conditions	T090	C0017448
27385165	617	623	tested	T169	C0039593
27385165	625	632	Uranium	T196	C0041928
27385165	633	639	uptake	T039	C0243144
27385165	640	645	rates	T081	C1521828
27385165	653	673	first order kinetics	UnknownType	C0878685
27385165	705	718	environmental	T082	C0014406
27385165	719	733	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27385165	735	742	Uranium	T196	C0041928
27385165	743	749	uptake	T039	C0243144
27385165	750	755	rates	T081	C1521828
27385165	759	771	L. stagnalis	T204	C0323913
27385165	795	805	saturation	T070	C0522534
27385165	806	812	uptake	T039	C0243144
27385165	813	821	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27385165	827	835	exposure	T080	C0332157
27385165	836	850	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27385165	866	876	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27385165	877	883	uptake	T039	C0243144
27385165	919	931	ion channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27385165	968	969	U	T196	C0041928
27385165	970	976	uptake	T039	C0243144
27385165	982	991	constants	T081	C1547014
27385165	996	998	Ca	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27385165	999	1005	uptake	T039	C0243144
27385165	1006	1011	rates	T081	C1521828
27385165	1012	1019	suggest	T078	C1705535
27385165	1025	1026	U	T196	C0041928
27385165	1052	1054	Ca	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27385165	1055	1076	membrane transporters	T116,T123	C0596902
27385165	1090	1091	U	T196	C0041928
27385165	1092	1107	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27385165	1108	1117	decreases	T033	C0442797
27385165	1123	1133	increasing	T169	C0442808
27385165	1134	1136	pH	T081	C0020283
27385165	1138	1148	increasing	T169	C0442808
27385165	1149	1151	Ca	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27385165	1156	1158	Mg	T123,T196	C0024467
27385165	1159	1173	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27385165	1184	1187	DOM	T167	C0567360
27385165	1191	1198	present	T033	C0150312
27385165	1210	1214	ions	T196	C0022023
27385165	1230	1231	U	T196	C0041928
27385165	1232	1238	uptake	T039	C0243144
27385165	1239	1244	rates	T081	C1521828
27385165	1246	1265	Speciation modeling	T062	C0870071
27385165	1280	1289	formation	T169	C1522492
27385165	1290	1299	constants	T081	C1547014
27385165	1304	1305	U	T196	C0041928
27385165	1306	1323	ternary complexes	T104	C1254350
27385165	1324	1331	reveals	T080	C0443289
27385165	1341	1348	aqueous	T080	C0599956
27385165	1349	1362	concentration	T081	C1446561
27385165	1366	1379	dicarbonato U	T196	C0041928
27385165	1380	1387	species	T185	C1705920
27385165	1418	1419	U	T196	C0041928
27385165	1420	1435	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27385165	1439	1451	L. stagnalis	T204	C0323913
27385165	1469	1486	free-ion activity	T052	C0441655

27385839|t|Subluxation and semantics: a corpus linguistics study
27385839|a|The purpose of this study was to analyze the curriculum of one chiropractic college in order to discover if there were any implicit consensus definitions of the term subluxation. Using the software WordSmith Tools, the corpus of an undergraduate chiropractic curriculum was analyzed by reviewing collocated terms and through discourse analysis of text blocks containing words based on the root ' sublux .' It was possible to identify 3 distinct concepts which were each referred to as ' subluxation :' i) an acute or instantaneous injurious event; ii) a clinical syndrome which manifested post - injury; iii) a physical lesion, i.e. an anatomical or physiological derangement which in most instances acted as a pain generator. In fact, coherent implicit definitions of subluxation exist and may enjoy broad but subconscious acceptance. However, confusion likely arises from failure to distinguish which concept an author or speaker is referring to when they employ the term subluxation.
27385839	0	11	Subluxation	T037	C0012691
27385839	16	25	semantics	T078	C0036612
27385839	29	35	corpus	T062	C0010995
27385839	36	47	linguistics	T090	C0023741
27385839	48	53	study	T062	C2603343
27385839	58	65	purpose	T169	C1285529
27385839	74	79	study	T062	C2603343
27385839	87	94	analyze	T062	C0936012
27385839	99	109	curriculum	T065	C0220815
27385839	117	129	chiropractic	T091	C0008138
27385839	130	137	college	T073	C0557806
27385839	150	158	discover	T052	C1880355
27385839	177	185	implicit	T041	C1510548
27385839	186	195	consensus	T054	C0376298
27385839	196	207	definitions	T170	C1704788
27385839	215	219	term	T170	C3825601
27385839	220	231	subluxation	T037	C0012691
27385839	243	267	software WordSmith Tools	T170	C0037589
27385839	273	279	corpus	T062	C0010995
27385839	286	299	undergraduate	T170	C0683865
27385839	300	312	chiropractic	T091	C0008138
27385839	313	323	curriculum	T065	C0220815
27385839	328	336	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27385839	340	349	reviewing	T078	C1552617
27385839	350	360	collocated	T169	C1516698
27385839	361	366	terms	T170	C3825601
27385839	379	397	discourse analysis	T062	C0870428
27385839	401	405	text	T170	C1527021
27385839	406	412	blocks	T078	C0441833
27385839	424	429	words	T170	C0042926
27385839	430	435	based	T169	C1527178
27385839	450	456	sublux	T170	C3825601
27385839	467	475	possible	T033	C0332149
27385839	479	487	identify	T041	C0020792
27385839	499	507	concepts	T078	C0178566
27385839	524	532	referred	T169	C0205543
27385839	541	552	subluxation	T037	C0012691
27385839	562	567	acute	T079	C0205178
27385839	571	584	instantaneous	T079	C0205253
27385839	585	594	injurious	T037	C3263722
27385839	595	600	event	T051	C0441471
27385839	608	625	clinical syndrome	T185	C0221444
27385839	632	642	manifested	T169	C0205319
27385839	643	647	post	T079	C0687676
27385839	650	656	injury	T037	C3263722
27385839	665	673	physical	T169	C0205485
27385839	674	680	lesion	T033	C0221198
27385839	690	700	anatomical	T080	C0220784
27385839	704	717	physiological	T169	C0205463
27385839	718	729	derangement	T033	C1704258
27385839	744	753	instances	T078	C1550608
27385839	754	759	acted	T078	C1551336
27385839	765	769	pain	T184	C0030193
27385839	770	779	generator	T169	C0205263
27385839	790	798	coherent	T033	C4068804
27385839	799	807	implicit	T041	C1510548
27385839	808	819	definitions	T170	C1704788
27385839	823	834	subluxation	T037	C0012691
27385839	855	860	broad	T082	C0332464
27385839	865	877	subconscious	T041	C0038535
27385839	878	888	acceptance	T033	C3176353
27385839	899	908	confusion	T048	C0009676
27385839	928	935	failure	T169	C0231175
27385839	939	950	distinguish	T041	C0020792
27385839	957	964	concept	T078	C0178566
27385839	968	974	author	T097	C3812881
27385839	978	985	speaker	T098	C0027361
27385839	989	998	referring	T169	C0205543
27385839	1012	1018	employ	T169	C0457083
27385839	1023	1027	term	T170	C3825601
27385839	1028	1039	subluxation	T037	C0012691

27386169|t|Espindolol for the treatment and prevention of cachexia in patients with stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer or colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international multicentre phase II study (the ACT-ONE trial)
27386169|a|Cancer cachexia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality with no widely approved treatment. The ACT-ONE trial is a randomized, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled, phase II multicentre trial in patients (25-80 years) with stages III or IV colorectal cancer or non-small cell lung cancer -related cachexia that tested two doses of espindolol (a novel non-selective β blocker with central 5-HT1a and partial β2 receptor agonist effects). The primary endpoint was the difference in the rate of weight change over 16 weeks (linear mixed-effect model for repeated measures) between high-dose espindolol and placebo. Eighty-seven patients were randomized centrally in blocks in a ratio 3:2:1 [42 high dose, 10 mg twice daily (bd):31 placebo :14 low dose, 2.5 mg bd]. High-dose espindolol produced a statistically and clinically significant weight gain (+0.54 kg/4 weeks, 95% CI 0.38-0.70) compared with a weight loss on placebo (-0.21 kg/4 weeks, 95% CI -0.37-0.05); P < 0.0001. High-dose espindolol produced a statistically significant increase in lean body mass, whilst changes in fat mass were neutral. Hand grip strength significantly (high dose -1.15 ± 0.7 kg, placebo -3.51 ± 0.8 kg change per 4 weeks; P = 0.0134), stair climbing power, and 6-min walk test non-significantly were all directionally in favour of high-dose espindolol. There were no clinically significant differences in safety signals or survival between treatment groups, although a numerical excess of dyspnoea was seen with high-dose espindolol (19.1%) compared with placebo (3.2%). This positive trial showed that espindolol 10 mg bd significantly reversed weight loss, improved fat free mass, and maintained fat mass in advanced colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer -related cachexia. This was associated with a significant improvement in handgrip strength, supporting the further investigation of 10 mg bd espindolol for the treatment of cancer cachexia. Although not powered to look at dose response, most treatment effects for low dose lay between high dose and placebo, suggesting that there may be a dose response in the effects of espindolol.
27386169	0	10	Espindolol	T121	C1254351
27386169	19	28	treatment	T061	C0087111
27386169	33	43	prevention	T061	C0199176
27386169	47	55	cachexia	T184	C0006625
27386169	59	67	patients	T101	C0030705
27386169	73	112	stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27386169	116	133	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27386169	137	147	randomized	T062	C0034656
27386169	149	161	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27386169	163	181	placebo-controlled	T062,T170	C0599724
27386169	183	243	international multicentre phase II study (the ACT-ONE trial)	T062	C0282460
27386169	244	259	Cancer cachexia	T191	C1391732
27386169	271	276	cause	T169	C0015127
27386169	280	289	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27386169	294	303	mortality	T081	C0026565
27386169	328	337	treatment	T061	C0087111
27386169	343	356	ACT-ONE trial	T062	C0282460
27386169	362	372	randomized	T062	C0034656
27386169	374	386	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27386169	388	402	parallel group	T062	C2826345
27386169	404	422	placebo-controlled	T062,T170	C0599724
27386169	424	450	phase II multicentre trial	T062	C0206012
27386169	454	462	patients	T101	C0030705
27386169	482	516	stages III or IV colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27386169	520	546	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27386169	556	564	cachexia	T184	C0006625
27386169	581	586	doses	T081	C0178602
27386169	590	600	espindolol	T121	C1254351
27386169	610	633	non-selective β blocker	T121	C0304515
27386169	639	653	central 5-HT1a	T121	C2936511
27386169	666	685	β2 receptor agonist	T121	C1254351
27386169	708	716	endpoint	T080	C2349179
27386169	751	764	weight change	T033	C0005911
27386169	773	778	weeks	T079	C0439230
27386169	780	805	linear mixed-effect model	T075	C0026336
27386169	837	846	high-dose	T081	C0444956
27386169	847	857	espindolol	T121	C1254351
27386169	862	869	placebo	T122	C1696465
27386169	884	892	patients	T101	C0030705
27386169	898	908	randomized	T062	C0034656
27386169	950	959	high dose	T081	C0444956
27386169	973	978	daily	T079	C0332173
27386169	987	994	placebo	T122	C1696465
27386169	999	1007	low dose	T081	C0445550
27386169	1021	1030	High-dose	T081	C0444956
27386169	1031	1041	espindolol	T121	C1254351
27386169	1053	1066	statistically	T081	C0237881
27386169	1071	1093	clinically significant	T080	C0443178
27386169	1094	1105	weight gain	T033	C0043094
27386169	1118	1123	weeks	T079	C0439230
27386169	1159	1170	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27386169	1174	1181	placebo	T122	C1696465
27386169	1194	1199	weeks	T079	C0439230
27386169	1233	1242	High-dose	T081	C0444956
27386169	1243	1253	espindolol	T121	C1254351
27386169	1265	1290	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27386169	1303	1317	lean body mass	T201	C0424678
27386169	1337	1345	fat mass	T032	C3656665
27386169	1360	1378	Hand grip strength	T033	C0518032
27386169	1394	1403	high dose	T081	C0444956
27386169	1420	1427	placebo	T122	C1696465
27386169	1456	1461	weeks	T079	C0439230
27386169	1476	1490	stair climbing	T033	C0432601
27386169	1502	1517	6-min walk test	T060	C0430515
27386169	1572	1581	high-dose	T081	C0444956
27386169	1582	1592	espindolol	T121	C1254351
27386169	1605	1630	no clinically significant	T080	C0443178
27386169	1664	1672	survival	T052	C0038952
27386169	1681	1690	treatment	T061	C0087111
27386169	1730	1738	dyspnoea	T184	C0013404
27386169	1753	1762	high-dose	T081	C0444956
27386169	1763	1773	espindolol	T121	C1254351
27386169	1796	1803	placebo	T122	C1696465
27386169	1817	1831	positive trial	T062	C0008976
27386169	1844	1854	espindolol	T121	C1254351
27386169	1887	1898	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27386169	1909	1922	fat free mass	T033	C0424679
27386169	1939	1947	fat mass	T032	C3656665
27386169	1960	1977	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27386169	1982	2008	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27386169	2018	2026	cachexia	T184	C0006625
27386169	2037	2052	associated with	T080	C0332281
27386169	2067	2078	improvement	T077	C2986411
27386169	2082	2099	handgrip strength	T033	C0518032
27386169	2150	2160	espindolol	T121	C1254351
27386169	2169	2178	treatment	T061	C0087111
27386169	2182	2197	cancer cachexia	T191	C1391732
27386169	2231	2244	dose response	T062	C4284887
27386169	2251	2260	treatment	T061	C0087111
27386169	2273	2281	low dose	T081	C0445550
27386169	2294	2303	high dose	T081	C0444956
27386169	2308	2315	placebo	T122	C1696465
27386169	2348	2361	dose response	T062	C4284887
27386169	2369	2379	effects of	T080	C1704420
27386169	2380	2390	espindolol	T121	C1254351

27386263|t|Interleukin-21 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and severity of type I autoimmune hepatitis
27386263|a|Recently, the number of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells expressing interleukin (IL)-21 was found to increase in peripheral blood of human and murine models of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). IL-21, the most recently discovered member of the type-I cytokine family, exerts various effects on the immune system, including B cell activation, plasma cell differentiation, and immunoglobulin production. We aimed to assess the relationship of serum IL-21 levels in patients with type I AIH with clinical and laboratory parameters and histology. Ninety-two Japanese patients with liver disease (22 AIH, 20 primary biliary cholangitis, 19 drug-induced liver injury, 8 acute hepatitis B, 8 chronic hepatitis C, 10 non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, 5 viral hepatitis) and 10 healthy volunteers were recruited. Serum IL-21 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction measured mRNA levels of Bcl-6, IL-21, and CXCR5 (Tfh-related factors) in peripheral mononuclear cells. Mean age at diagnosis of AIH was 58.6 years, male-to-female ratio was 4:18, 18.2 % of participants had cirrhosis, and 22.7 % had severe disease. IL-21 levels were significantly increased in the serum of patients with AIH compared to those with other liver diseases and controls (p < 0.0001). Particularly, serum IL-21 levels were significantly increased in severe AIH cases compared to non-severe cases (p < 0.05). Serum IL-21 levels correlated positively with total serum bilirubin levels (r = 0.46, p < 0.05), grading of necroinflammatory activity (r = 0.68, p < 0.005) and negatively with serum albumin levels in patients with AIH (r = -0.49, p < 0.05). In patients with biochemical remission of AIH, serum IL-21 levels remained elevated and correlated positively with serum IgG levels (r = 0.84, p < 0.01). Expression of Tfh-related factors, such as Bcl-6 and IL-21, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with AIH was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers. IL-21 may play an important role in the pathogenesis and severity of AIH, and may present a promising target for AIH therapy.
27386263	0	14	Interleukin-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	44	56	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27386263	73	100	type I autoimmune hepatitis	T047	C4303164
27386263	125	135	follicular	T023	C1571705
27386263	136	156	helper T (Tfh) cells	T025	C0018894
27386263	168	187	interleukin (IL)-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	213	229	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27386263	233	238	human	T016	C0086418
27386263	243	249	murine	T015	C0026809
27386263	250	256	models	T050	C0012644
27386263	260	280	autoimmune hepatitis	T047	C0241910
27386263	282	285	AIH	T047	C0241910
27386263	288	293	IL-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	338	360	type-I cytokine family	T116,T129	C0079189
27386263	392	405	immune system	T022	C0020962
27386263	417	434	B cell activation	T043	C1155003
27386263	436	463	plasma cell differentiation	T043	C1817697
27386263	469	494	immunoglobulin production	T038	C0003261
27386263	535	540	serum	T031	C0229671
27386263	541	546	IL-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	547	553	levels	T080	C0441889
27386263	557	565	patients	T101	C0030705
27386263	571	581	type I AIH	T047	C4303164
27386263	587	595	clinical	T080	C0205210
27386263	600	610	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27386263	611	621	parameters	T077	C0549193
27386263	626	635	histology	T091	C0019638
27386263	648	656	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27386263	657	665	patients	T101	C0030705
27386263	671	684	liver disease	T047	C0023895
27386263	689	692	AIH	T047	C0241910
27386263	697	724	primary biliary cholangitis	T047	C0008312
27386263	729	754	drug-induced liver injury	T047	C0860207
27386263	758	775	acute hepatitis B	T047	C0276609
27386263	779	798	chronic hepatitis C	T047	C0524910
27386263	803	832	non-alcoholic steatohepatitis	T047	C3241937
27386263	836	851	viral hepatitis	T047	C0042721
27386263	860	878	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27386263	895	900	Serum	T031	C0229671
27386263	901	906	IL-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	907	913	levels	T080	C0441889
27386263	931	964	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
27386263	966	1001	Real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1709846
27386263	1011	1015	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27386263	1016	1022	levels	T080	C0441889
27386263	1026	1031	Bcl-6	T028	C1332399
27386263	1033	1038	IL-21	T028	C1416406
27386263	1044	1049	CXCR5	T028	C1332421
27386263	1051	1070	Tfh-related factors	T116,T123	C0033684
27386263	1075	1085	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27386263	1086	1103	mononuclear cells	T025	C0806987
27386263	1117	1126	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27386263	1130	1133	AIH	T047	C0241910
27386263	1150	1170	male-to-female ratio	T033	C0243095
27386263	1208	1217	cirrhosis	T047	C0023890
27386263	1234	1240	severe	T080	C0205082
27386263	1241	1248	disease	T047	C0012634
27386263	1250	1255	IL-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	1256	1262	levels	T080	C0441889
27386263	1282	1291	increased	T081	C0205217
27386263	1299	1304	serum	T031	C0229671
27386263	1308	1316	patients	T101	C0030705
27386263	1322	1325	AIH	T047	C0241910
27386263	1349	1369	other liver diseases	UnknownType	C0156194
27386263	1374	1382	controls	T096	C0009932
27386263	1411	1416	serum	T031	C0229671
27386263	1417	1422	IL-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	1423	1429	levels	T080	C0441889
27386263	1449	1458	increased	T081	C0205217
27386263	1462	1468	severe	T080	C0205082
27386263	1469	1472	AIH	T047	C0241910
27386263	1520	1525	Serum	T031	C0229671
27386263	1526	1531	IL-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	1532	1538	levels	T080	C0441889
27386263	1572	1577	serum	T031	C0229671
27386263	1578	1594	bilirubin levels	T059	C0344395
27386263	1617	1654	grading of necroinflammatory activity	T033	C1954433
27386263	1697	1717	serum albumin levels	T034	C0728877
27386263	1721	1729	patients	T101	C0030705
27386263	1735	1738	AIH	T047	C0241910
27386263	1765	1773	patients	T101	C0030705
27386263	1779	1790	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27386263	1791	1800	remission	T033	C0544452
27386263	1804	1807	AIH	T047	C0241910
27386263	1809	1814	serum	T031	C0229671
27386263	1815	1820	IL-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	1821	1827	levels	T080	C0441889
27386263	1837	1845	elevated	T080	C3163633
27386263	1850	1860	correlated	T080	C1707520
27386263	1861	1871	positively	T033	C1514241
27386263	1877	1893	serum IgG levels	T059	C2732508
27386263	1916	1926	Expression	T045	C1171362
27386263	1930	1949	Tfh-related factors	T116,T123	C0033684
27386263	1959	1964	Bcl-6	T116,T123	C1448774
27386263	1969	1974	IL-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	1979	2013	peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
27386263	2017	2025	patients	T101	C0030705
27386263	2031	2034	AIH	T047	C0241910
27386263	2053	2059	higher	T080	C0205250
27386263	2073	2091	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27386263	2093	2098	IL-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27386263	2133	2145	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27386263	2162	2165	AIH	T047	C0241910
27386263	2206	2209	AIH	T047	C0241910
27386263	2210	2217	therapy	T169	C0039798

27387057|t|Mono-sulfonated tetrazolium salt based NAD(P)H detection reagents suitable for dehydrogenase and real-time cell viability assays
27387057|a|Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L-glutamate and is important for several biological processes. For GDH inhibitor screening, we developed a novel mono-sulfonated tetrazolium salt (EZMTT), which can be synthesized using H2O2 oxidation and purified easily on silica gel in large quantities. The EZMTT detection method showed linear dose responses to NAD(P)H, dehydrogenase concentration and cell numbers. In E. coli GDH assay, the EZMTT method showed excellent assay reproducibility with a Z factor of 0.9 and caused no false positives in the presence of antioxidants (such as BME). Using the EZMTT - formazan - NAD(P)H system, we showed that EGCG is a potent E. coli GDH inhibitor (IC50 45 nM) and identified that Ebselen, a multifunctional thioredoxin reductase inhibitor, inactivated E. coli GDH (IC50 213 nM). In cell-based assays at 0.5 mM tetrazolium concentration, EZMTT showed essentially no toxicity after a 3-day incubation, whereas 40% of inhibition was observed for WST-8. In conclusion, EZMTT is a novel tetrazolium salt which provides improved features that are suitable for dehydrogenases and real-time cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS).
27387057	0	32	Mono-sulfonated tetrazolium salt	T109,T130	C0039704
27387057	39	46	NAD(P)H	T114,T123	C0027303
27387057	47	56	detection	T061	C1511790
27387057	57	65	reagents	T130	C0034760
27387057	79	92	dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0017786
27387057	97	106	real-time	T079	C1550177
27387057	107	128	cell viability assays	T059	C0430300
27387057	129	152	Glutamate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0017786
27387057	154	157	GDH	T116,T126	C0017786
27387057	173	182	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27387057	183	194	deamination	T070	C0011061
27387057	198	209	L-glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27387057	239	259	biological processes	T038	C3714634
27387057	265	268	GDH	T116,T126	C0017786
27387057	269	278	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27387057	279	288	screening	T059	C0373483
27387057	311	343	mono-sulfonated tetrazolium salt	T109,T130	C0039704
27387057	345	350	EZMTT	T109,T130	C0039704
27387057	366	377	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27387057	384	388	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27387057	389	398	oxidation	T044	C0030011
27387057	403	411	purified	T169	C1998793
27387057	422	432	silica gel	T122,T197	C2936385
27387057	458	463	EZMTT	T109,T130	C0039704
27387057	464	480	detection method	T170	C0449335
27387057	488	509	linear dose responses	T038	C0678790
27387057	513	520	NAD(P)H	T114,T123	C0027303
27387057	522	535	dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0017786
27387057	554	566	cell numbers	T059	C0007584
27387057	571	578	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27387057	579	588	GDH assay	T059	C0302273
27387057	594	599	EZMTT	T109,T130	C0039704
27387057	624	645	assay reproducibility	T081	C0035149
27387057	653	661	Z factor	T081	C0237589
27387057	680	698	no false positives	T034	C0205557
27387057	718	730	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
27387057	740	743	BME	T109	C0025402
27387057	756	761	EZMTT	T109,T130	C0039704
27387057	764	772	formazan	T109,T130	C0016575
27387057	775	782	NAD(P)H	T114,T123	C0027303
27387057	806	810	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27387057	823	830	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27387057	831	834	GDH	T116,T126	C0017786
27387057	835	844	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27387057	846	850	IC50	T081	C0600495
27387057	878	885	Ebselen	T109,T121	C0058903
27387057	905	926	thioredoxin reductase	T116,T126	C0039941
27387057	927	936	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27387057	950	957	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27387057	958	961	GDH	T116,T126	C0017786
27387057	963	967	IC50	T081	C0600495
27387057	980	997	cell-based assays	T062	C1516365
27387057	1008	1019	tetrazolium	T109,T130	C0039704
27387057	1035	1040	EZMTT	T109,T130	C0039704
27387057	1060	1071	no toxicity	T080	C0040539
27387057	1086	1096	incubation	T033	C1320226
27387057	1113	1123	inhibition	T039	C1524081
27387057	1141	1146	WST-8	T109	C1310765
27387057	1163	1168	EZMTT	T109,T130	C0039704
27387057	1180	1196	tetrazolium salt	T109,T130	C0039704
27387057	1252	1266	dehydrogenases	T116,T126	C0030016
27387057	1271	1280	real-time	T079	C1550177
27387057	1281	1291	cell-based	T062	C1516365
27387057	1292	1317	high-throughput screening	T059	C2718002

27387068|t|Is Localized Scleroderma Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?
27387068|a|Despite considerable achievements in the study of localized scleroderma, the etiology of the disease has not been investigated completely. Borrelia burgdorferi -the agent of Lyme disease -is suggested to be one of the possible etiological factors of localized scleroderma. However, among scientists, this hypothesis is quite controversial. We have conducted investigations of the level of IgM and IgG class antibodies to B. burgdorferi in the serum of patients with localized scleroderma. To rationally substantiate the role of B. burgdorferi in the occurrence of localized scleroderma, thirty-two patients with localized scleroderma treated at an in-patient department were examined. The level of anti-Borrelia antibodies was determined in ELISA. Diagnostic levels of IgM and/or IgG were detected in 18.8% of patients with localized scleroderma, which is more than in the population (p < 0.01). Positive levels of anti-Borrelia antibodies in patients with localized scleroderma confirm the borreliosis nature of the disease, requiring conduction of complex antimicrobial treatment.
27387068	3	24	Localized Scleroderma	T047	C0036420
27387068	25	34	Caused by	T169	C0015127
27387068	35	55	Borrelia burgdorferi	T007	C0006034
27387068	98	103	study	T062	C2603343
27387068	107	128	localized scleroderma	T047	C0036420
27387068	134	142	etiology	T169	C1314792
27387068	150	157	disease	T047	C0012634
27387068	171	183	investigated	T169	C1292732
27387068	196	216	Borrelia burgdorferi	T007	C0006034
27387068	231	243	Lyme disease	T047	C0024198
27387068	284	303	etiological factors	T169	C0015127
27387068	307	328	localized scleroderma	T047	C0036420
27387068	345	355	scientists	T097	C0402112
27387068	362	372	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27387068	382	395	controversial	T054	C0680243
27387068	415	429	investigations	T058	C0220825
27387068	437	442	level	T080	C0441889
27387068	446	449	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
27387068	454	457	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27387068	464	474	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27387068	478	492	B. burgdorferi	T007	C0006034
27387068	500	505	serum	T031	C0229671
27387068	509	517	patients	T101	C0030705
27387068	523	544	localized scleroderma	T047	C0036420
27387068	585	599	B. burgdorferi	T007	C0006034
27387068	621	642	localized scleroderma	T047	C0036420
27387068	655	663	patients	T101	C0030705
27387068	669	690	localized scleroderma	T047	C0036420
27387068	691	698	treated	T169	C1522326
27387068	705	715	in-patient	T101	C0021562
27387068	716	726	department	T082	C1547116
27387068	746	751	level	T080	C0441889
27387068	755	779	anti-Borrelia antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27387068	798	803	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27387068	805	815	Diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27387068	816	822	levels	T080	C0441889
27387068	826	829	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
27387068	837	840	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27387068	867	875	patients	T101	C0030705
27387068	881	902	localized scleroderma	T047	C0036420
27387068	930	940	population	T098	C1257890
27387068	953	968	Positive levels	T033	C1514241
27387068	972	996	anti-Borrelia antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27387068	1000	1008	patients	T101	C0030705
27387068	1014	1035	localized scleroderma	T047	C0036420
27387068	1048	1059	borreliosis	T047	C0006035
27387068	1060	1081	nature of the disease	T080	C0449786
27387068	1115	1128	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
27387068	1129	1138	treatment	T061	C0087111

27387187|t|RF Ablation of Giant Hemangiomas Inducing Acute Renal Failure: A Report of Two Cases
27387187|a|In patients that require treatment for hepatic giant cavernous hemangiomas (GCH), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been suggested to represent a safe and effective alternative to invasive surgery. In a recent report of bipolar RFA, using two expandable needle electrodes, was uneventfully performed in patients with large GCH (>10 cm). The objective of this report is to present two cases in which bipolar RFA of symptomatic GCH was complicated by acute kidney injury. In 2015 we treated two patients for very large symptomatic GCH (15.7 and 25.0 cm) with bipolar RFA during open laparotomy. In both patients the urine showed a red-brown discoloration directly after the ablation. They became anuric and presented with progressive dyspnea, tachypnea, and tachycardia, requiring hemodialysis for a period of 1 month in one case. Lab results revealed hemepigment - induced acute kidney. Both patients fully recovered and both showed a complete relief of symptoms at 3 months following the procedure. RFA for large GCHs can cause hemepigment - induced acute kidney injury due to massive intravascular hemolysis. The presented cases suggest that caution is warranted and advocate an upper limit regarding the volume of GCHs that can be safely ablated.
27387187	0	11	RF Ablation	T061	C0850292
27387187	15	32	Giant Hemangiomas	T191	C0018916
27387187	33	41	Inducing	T169	C0205263
27387187	42	61	Acute Renal Failure	T047	C0022660
27387187	65	71	Report	T170	C0085973
27387187	79	84	Cases	T169	C0868928
27387187	88	96	patients	T101	C0030705
27387187	102	109	require	T169	C1514873
27387187	110	119	treatment	T169	C1522326
27387187	124	131	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27387187	132	159	giant cavernous hemangiomas	T191	C0018920
27387187	161	164	GCH	T191	C0018920
27387187	167	190	radiofrequency ablation	T061	C0850292
27387187	192	195	RFA	T061	C0850292
27387187	206	215	suggested	T078	C1705535
27387187	240	249	effective	T080	C1704419
27387187	250	261	alternative	T077	C1523987
27387187	265	273	invasive	T080	C0205281
27387187	274	281	surgery	T061	C0543467
27387187	295	301	report	T170	C0085973
27387187	305	316	bipolar RFA	T061	C0850292
27387187	328	356	expandable needle electrodes	T074	C0181967
27387187	375	384	performed	T169	C0884358
27387187	388	396	patients	T101	C0030705
27387187	402	407	large	T081	C0549177
27387187	408	411	GCH	T191	C0018920
27387187	444	450	report	T170	C0085973
27387187	469	474	cases	T169	C0868928
27387187	484	495	bipolar RFA	T061	C0850292
27387187	499	510	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27387187	511	514	GCH	T191	C0018920
27387187	519	530	complicated	T169	C0231242
27387187	534	553	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
27387187	566	573	treated	T169	C1522326
27387187	578	586	patients	T101	C0030705
27387187	596	601	large	T081	C0549177
27387187	602	613	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27387187	614	617	GCH	T191	C0018920
27387187	642	653	bipolar RFA	T061	C0850292
27387187	661	676	open laparotomy	T061	C0023038
27387187	686	694	patients	T101	C0030705
27387187	699	704	urine	T031	C0042036
27387187	714	737	red-brown discoloration	T033	C0522153
27387187	757	765	ablation	T061	C0547070
27387187	779	785	anuric	T047	C0003460
27387187	790	799	presented	T078	C0449450
27387187	805	824	progressive dyspnea	T033	C0239202
27387187	826	835	tachypnea	T033	C0231835
27387187	841	852	tachycardia	T046	C0039231
27387187	864	876	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27387187	883	889	period	T079	C1948053
27387187	895	900	month	T079	C0439231
27387187	908	912	case	T169	C0868928
27387187	914	925	Lab results	T170	C3244125
27387187	935	946	hemepigment	T120	C0031916
27387187	949	956	induced	T169	C0205263
27387187	957	969	acute kidney	T037	C2609414
27387187	976	984	patients	T101	C0030705
27387187	991	1000	recovered	T080	C0521108
27387187	1019	1027	complete	T080	C0205197
27387187	1028	1034	relief	T033	C0564405
27387187	1038	1046	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27387187	1052	1058	months	T079	C0439231
27387187	1073	1082	procedure	T169	C2700391
27387187	1084	1087	RFA	T061	C0850292
27387187	1092	1097	large	T081	C0549177
27387187	1098	1102	GCHs	T191	C0018920
27387187	1113	1124	hemepigment	T120	C0031916
27387187	1127	1134	induced	T169	C0205263
27387187	1135	1154	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
27387187	1162	1169	massive	T080	C0522501
27387187	1170	1193	intravascular hemolysis	T047	C0235574
27387187	1209	1214	cases	T169	C0868928
27387187	1291	1297	volume	T081	C0449468
27387187	1301	1305	GCHs	T191	C0018920
27387187	1325	1332	ablated	T061	C0547070

27388630|t|Effect of Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection on the Content of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T Cell Subpopulations in HIV - Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy
27388630|a|We studied the effect of hepatitis C virus coinfection on T cell subpopulations in HIV - infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Coinfection with hepatitis C virus was followed by a decrease in the number of naive CD4(+) T cells and an increase in the count of central CD8(+) memory T cells in these patients. Hepatitis C virus had no effect on the number of CD4(+) memory T cells (main target for HIV). This can explain the absence of strong negative effect of hepatitis C virus on the course of HIV infection.
27388630	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27388630	10	39	Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection	T047	C1698259
27388630	58	75	CD4(+) and CD8(+)	T025	C0483191
27388630	76	82	T Cell	T025	C0039194
27388630	83	97	Subpopulations	T185	C0079720
27388630	101	104	HIV	T005	C0019682
27388630	107	115	Infected	T033	C0439663
27388630	116	124	Patients	T101	C0030705
27388630	125	134	Receiving	T080	C1514756
27388630	135	157	Antiretroviral Therapy	T061	C1963724
27388630	173	179	effect	T080	C1280500
27388630	183	212	hepatitis C virus coinfection	T047	C1698259
27388630	216	222	T cell	T025	C0039194
27388630	223	237	subpopulations	T185	C0079720
27388630	241	244	HIV	T005	C0019682
27388630	247	255	infected	T033	C0439663
27388630	256	264	patients	T101	C0030705
27388630	275	297	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
27388630	299	310	Coinfection	T047	C0275524
27388630	316	333	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
27388630	352	360	decrease	T081	C0547047
27388630	378	398	naive CD4(+) T cells	T025	C3273372
27388630	406	414	increase	T169	C0442805
27388630	422	427	count	T081	C0750480
27388630	439	460	CD8(+) memory T cells	T025	C0242629
27388630	470	478	patients	T101	C0030705
27388630	480	497	Hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
27388630	502	511	no effect	T080	C1301751
27388630	529	550	CD4(+) memory T cells	T025	C3273371
27388630	568	571	HIV	T005	C0019682
27388630	613	621	negative	T033	C0205160
27388630	622	628	effect	T080	C1280500
27388630	632	649	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
27388630	657	663	course	T079	C0750729
27388630	667	670	HIV	T005	C0019682
27388630	671	680	infection	T046	C3714514

27388786|t|Examining the contribution of motor movement and language dominance to increased left lateralization during sign generation in native signers
27388786|a|The neural systems supporting speech and sign processing are very similar, although not identical. In a previous fTCD study of hearing native signers (Gutierrez-Sigut, Daws, et al., 2015) we found stronger left lateralization for sign than speech. Given that this increased lateralization could not be explained by hand movement alone, the contribution of motor movement versus ' linguistic ' processes to the strength of hemispheric lateralization during sign production remains unclear. Here we directly contrast lateralization strength of covert versus overt signing during phonological and semantic fluency tasks. To address the possibility that hearing native signers ' elevated lateralization indices (LIs) were due to performing a task in their less dominant language, here we test deaf native signers, whose dominant language is British Sign Language (BSL). Signers were more strongly left lateralized for overt than covert sign generation. However, the strength of lateralization was not correlated with the amount of time producing movements of the right hand. Comparisons with previous data from hearing native English speakers suggest stronger laterality indices for sign than speech in both covert and overt tasks. This increased left lateralization may be driven by specific properties of sign production such as the increased use of self-monitoring mechanisms or the nature of phonological encoding of signs.
27388786	0	9	Examining	T169	C1292732
27388786	14	26	contribution	T052	C1880177
27388786	30	44	motor movement	T169	C1513492
27388786	49	57	language	T171	C0023008
27388786	58	67	dominance	T078	C0870441
27388786	71	80	increased	T081	C0205217
27388786	81	85	left	T082	C0205091
27388786	86	100	lateralization	T042	C0013010
27388786	108	112	sign	T171	C0037078
27388786	113	123	generation	T052	C3146294
27388786	127	133	native	T169	C0302891
27388786	134	141	signers	T098	C1257890
27388786	146	160	neural systems	T022	C0027763
27388786	172	178	speech	T040	C0037817
27388786	183	187	sign	T078	C1547188
27388786	188	198	processing	T041	C0025361
27388786	208	215	similar	T080	C2348205
27388786	255	265	fTCD study	T062	C2603343
27388786	269	276	hearing	T041	C0025361
27388786	277	283	native	T169	C0302891
27388786	284	291	signers	T098	C1257890
27388786	348	352	left	T082	C0205091
27388786	353	367	lateralization	T042	C0013010
27388786	372	376	sign	T078	C1547188
27388786	382	388	speech	T040	C0037817
27388786	406	415	increased	T081	C0205217
27388786	416	430	lateralization	T042	C0013010
27388786	457	461	hand	T023	C0018563
27388786	462	470	movement	T040	C0026649
27388786	498	512	motor movement	T169	C1513492
27388786	522	532	linguistic	T171	C0023008
27388786	535	544	processes	T041	C0025361
27388786	552	560	strength	T078	C0808080
27388786	564	575	hemispheric	T082	C0205139
27388786	576	590	lateralization	T042	C0013010
27388786	598	602	sign	T078	C1547188
27388786	603	613	production	T041	C0025361
27388786	648	656	contrast	T080	C1979874
27388786	657	671	lateralization	T042	C0013010
27388786	672	680	strength	T078	C0808080
27388786	684	690	covert	T078	C0871315
27388786	698	703	overt	T080	C2963144
27388786	704	711	signing	T078	C1547188
27388786	719	731	phonological	T169	C0542341
27388786	736	744	semantic	T078	C0036612
27388786	745	752	fluency	T080	C0870569
27388786	753	758	tasks	T169	C0542341
27388786	792	799	hearing	T041	C0025361
27388786	800	806	native	T169	C0302891
27388786	807	814	signers	T098	C1257890
27388786	817	825	elevated	T080	C3163633
27388786	826	848	lateralization indices	T081	C0392762
27388786	850	853	LIs	T081	C0392762
27388786	880	884	task	T169	C0542341
27388786	899	907	dominant	T169	C1527180
27388786	908	916	language	T171	C0023008
27388786	931	935	deaf	T101	C0525064
27388786	936	942	native	T169	C0302891
27388786	943	950	signers	T098	C1257890
27388786	958	966	dominant	T169	C1527180
27388786	967	975	language	T171	C0023008
27388786	979	1000	British Sign Language	T171	C3874914
27388786	1002	1005	BSL	T171	C3874914
27388786	1008	1015	Signers	T098	C1257890
27388786	1035	1039	left	T082	C0205091
27388786	1040	1051	lateralized	T042	C0013010
27388786	1056	1061	overt	T080	C2963144
27388786	1067	1073	covert	T078	C0871315
27388786	1074	1078	sign	T078	C1547188
27388786	1104	1112	strength	T078	C0808080
27388786	1116	1130	lateralization	T042	C0013010
27388786	1139	1149	correlated	T080	C1707520
27388786	1184	1193	movements	T040	C0026649
27388786	1201	1211	right hand	T023	C0230370
27388786	1213	1224	Comparisons	T052	C1707455
27388786	1239	1243	data	T078	C1511726
27388786	1249	1256	hearing	T041	C0025361
27388786	1257	1263	native	T169	C0302891
27388786	1264	1271	English	T171	C0376245
27388786	1272	1280	speakers	T098	C1257890
27388786	1298	1316	laterality indices	T081	C0392762
27388786	1321	1325	sign	T078	C1547188
27388786	1331	1337	speech	T040	C0037817
27388786	1346	1352	covert	T078	C0871315
27388786	1357	1362	overt	T080	C2963144
27388786	1363	1368	tasks	T169	C0542341
27388786	1375	1384	increased	T081	C0205217
27388786	1385	1389	left	T082	C0205091
27388786	1390	1404	lateralization	T042	C0013010
27388786	1431	1441	properties	T080	C0871161
27388786	1445	1449	sign	T078	C1547188
27388786	1450	1460	production	T041	C0025361
27388786	1473	1482	increased	T081	C0205217
27388786	1483	1486	use	T169	C0457083
27388786	1490	1505	self-monitoring	T055	C0237864
27388786	1506	1516	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27388786	1524	1530	nature	T078	C0349590
27388786	1534	1555	phonological encoding	T041	C0679058
27388786	1559	1564	signs	T078	C1547188

27388962|t|Resistance Exercise in Pregnancy and Outcome
27388962|a|As the health benefits of exercise are increasingly recognized, the traditional advice to rest during pregnancy has changed toward a more healthy and active pregnancy, therefore different forms of exercise have been integrated into the life of the pregnant woman. Although the benefits of using a combination of resistance and aerobic exercises are not yet determined, studies about resistance and strengthen training programs are few although no adverse outcomes were reported.
27388962	0	10	Resistance	T169	C4281815
27388962	11	19	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27388962	23	32	Pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27388962	37	44	Outcome	T033	C0032972
27388962	52	67	health benefits	T081	C0086387
27388962	71	79	exercise	T056	C0015259
27388962	113	131	traditional advice	T058	C0150600
27388962	135	139	rest	T056	C0035253
27388962	147	156	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27388962	161	168	changed	T169	C0392747
27388962	183	190	healthy	T080	C3898900
27388962	195	201	active	T169	C0205177
27388962	202	211	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27388962	242	250	exercise	T056	C0015259
27388962	281	285	life	T078	C0376558
27388962	293	307	pregnant woman	T098	C0033011
27388962	322	330	benefits	T081	C0814225
27388962	342	353	combination	T080	C0205195
27388962	357	367	resistance	T169	C4281815
27388962	372	389	aerobic exercises	T061	C0001701
27388962	414	421	studies	T062	C2603343
27388962	428	438	resistance	T169	C4281815
27388962	454	471	training programs	T065	C0040607
27388962	489	499	no adverse	T184	C0853204
27388962	500	508	outcomes	T033	C0032972

27389043|t|Identifying and integrating patient and caregiver perspectives for clinical practice guidelines on the screening and management of infectious microorganisms in hemodialysis units
27389043|a|The integration of patient and caregiver input into guideline development can help to ensure that clinical care addresses patient expectations, priorities, and needs. We aimed to identify topics and outcomes salient to patients and caregivers for inclusion in the Kidney Health Australia Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment (KHA - CARI) clinical practice guideline on the screening and management of infectious microorganisms in hemodialysis units. A facilitated workshop was conducted with 11 participants (patients [n = 8], caregivers [n = 3]). Participants identified and discussed potential topics for inclusion in the guidelines, which were compared to those developed by the guideline working group. The workshop transcript was thematically analyzed to identify and describe the reasons underpinning their priorities. Patients and caregivers identified a range of topics already covered by the scope of the proposed guidelines and also suggested additional topics: privacy and confidentiality, psychosocial care during/after disease notification, quality of transportation, psychosocial treatment of patients in isolation, patient / caregiver education and engagement, and patient advocacy. Five themes characterized discussion and underpinned their choices: shock and vulnerability, burden of isolation, fear of infection, respect for privacy and confidentiality, and confusion over procedural inconsistencies. Patients and caregivers emphasized the need for guidelines to address patient education and engagement, and the psychosocial implications of communication and provision of care in the context of infectious microorganisms in hemodialysis units. Integrating patient and caregiver perspectives can help to improve the relevance of guidelines to enhance quality of care, patient experiences, and health and psychosocial outcomes.
27389043	28	35	patient	T101	C0030705
27389043	40	49	caregiver	T097	C0085537
27389043	50	62	perspectives	T082	C0449911
27389043	67	95	clinical practice guidelines	T170	C0282451
27389043	103	112	screening	T058	C1710032
27389043	131	141	infectious	T080	C1550587
27389043	142	156	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27389043	160	178	hemodialysis units	T073,T093	C1552759
27389043	198	205	patient	T101	C0030705
27389043	210	219	caregiver	T097	C0085537
27389043	231	240	guideline	T170	C0162791
27389043	277	285	clinical	T080	C0205210
27389043	286	290	care	T052	C1947933
27389043	301	308	patient	T101	C0030705
27389043	309	321	expectations	T078	C0679138
27389043	323	333	priorities	T079	C0439607
27389043	339	344	needs	T080	C0027552
27389043	378	386	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27389043	398	406	patients	T101	C0030705
27389043	411	421	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27389043	443	466	Kidney Health Australia	T093	C1708333
27389043	467	513	Caring for Australasians with Renal Impairment	T058	C0086388
27389043	515	518	KHA	T093	C1708333
27389043	521	525	CARI	T058	C0086388
27389043	527	554	clinical practice guideline	T170	C0282451
27389043	562	571	screening	T058	C1710032
27389043	590	600	infectious	T080	C1550587
27389043	601	615	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27389043	619	637	hemodialysis units	T073,T093	C1552759
27389043	653	661	workshop	UnknownType	C0681323
27389043	684	696	participants	T098	C0679646
27389043	698	706	patients	T101	C0030705
27389043	716	726	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27389043	737	749	Participants	T098	C0679646
27389043	813	823	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27389043	871	880	guideline	T170	C0162791
27389043	881	894	working group	T098	C1883562
27389043	900	908	workshop	UnknownType	C0681323
27389043	1014	1022	Patients	T101	C0030705
27389043	1027	1037	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27389043	1112	1122	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27389043	1161	1168	privacy	T078	C0080048
27389043	1173	1188	confidentiality	T078	C0009669
27389043	1190	1207	psychosocial care	T058	C3665378
27389043	1221	1241	disease notification	T058	C0242783
27389043	1243	1250	quality	T080	C0332306
27389043	1254	1268	transportation	T058	C2239248
27389043	1270	1292	psychosocial treatment	UnknownType	C0683471
27389043	1296	1304	patients	T101	C0030705
27389043	1308	1317	isolation	T061	C0204727
27389043	1319	1326	patient	T101	C0030705
27389043	1329	1348	caregiver education	T058	C1512171
27389043	1353	1363	engagement	T058	C3508152
27389043	1369	1385	patient advocacy	T058	C0030674
27389043	1455	1460	shock	T046	C0036974
27389043	1465	1478	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
27389043	1480	1499	burden of isolation	T033	C0243095
27389043	1501	1518	fear of infection	T041	C0424191
27389043	1520	1539	respect for privacy	T058	C3469312
27389043	1544	1559	confidentiality	T078	C0009669
27389043	1565	1606	confusion over procedural inconsistencies	T048	C0009676
27389043	1608	1616	Patients	T101	C0030705
27389043	1621	1631	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27389043	1656	1666	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27389043	1678	1695	patient education	T065	C0030688
27389043	1700	1710	engagement	T058	C3508152
27389043	1720	1732	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27389043	1733	1745	implications	T078	C3146298
27389043	1767	1784	provision of care	T058	C0729338
27389043	1803	1813	infectious	T080	C1550587
27389043	1814	1828	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27389043	1832	1850	hemodialysis units	T073,T093	C1552759
27389043	1864	1871	patient	T101	C0030705
27389043	1876	1885	caregiver	T097	C0085537
27389043	1886	1898	perspectives	T082	C0449911
27389043	1936	1946	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27389043	1958	1973	quality of care	T058	C0034379
27389043	1975	1982	patient	T101	C0030705
27389043	2000	2006	health	T078	C0018684
27389043	2011	2023	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27389043	2024	2032	outcomes	T169	C1274040

27389831|t|Longitudinal live imaging of retinal α-synuclein :: GFP deposits in a transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's Disease / Dementia with Lewy Bodies
27389831|a|Abnormal α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in the CNS may underlie neuronal cell and synaptic dysfunction leading to motor and cognitive deficits in synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). Multiple groups demonstrated α-syn accumulation in CNS accessory structures, including the eyes and olfactory terminals, as well as in peripheral organs of Parkinsonian patients. Retinal imaging studies of mice overexpressing fused α-syn :: GFP were conducted to evaluate the presence and progression of retinal pathology in a PD / DLB transgenic mouse model. Bright-field image retinal maps and fluorescent images were acquired at 1-month intervals for 3 months. Retinal imaging revealed the accumulation of GFP -tagged α-syn in retinal ganglion cell layer and in the edges of arterial blood vessels in the transgenic mice. Double labeling studies confirmed that the α-syn :: GFP -positive cells were retinal ganglion cells containing α-syn. Accumulation of α-syn persisted in the same cells and increased with age. Accumulation of α-syn :: GFP was reduced by immunization with single chain antibodies against α-syn. In conclusion, longitudinal live imaging of the retina in the PDGF - α-syn :: GFP mice might represent a useful, non-invasive tool to monitor the fate of α-syn accumulation in the CNS and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of compounds targeting α-syn.
27389831	0	25	Longitudinal live imaging	T060	C1881134
27389831	29	36	retinal	T023	C0035298
27389831	37	48	α-synuclein	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	52	55	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27389831	56	64	deposits	T020	C0235972
27389831	70	92	transgenic mouse model	T015	C0025936
27389831	96	115	Parkinson's Disease	T047	C0030567
27389831	118	143	Dementia with Lewy Bodies	T047	C0752347
27389831	144	152	Abnormal	T116,T123	C0311448
27389831	153	164	α-synuclein	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	166	171	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	173	185	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27389831	193	196	CNS	T022	C3714787
27389831	210	223	neuronal cell	T025	C0027882
27389831	228	236	synaptic	T030	C0039062
27389831	237	248	dysfunction	T046	C0277785
27389831	260	265	motor	T033	C0521654
27389831	270	288	cognitive deficits	T033	C3277798
27389831	292	309	synucleinopathies	T047	C0524851
27389831	320	339	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27389831	341	343	PD	T047	C0030567
27389831	349	374	Dementia with Lewy Bodies	T047	C0752347
27389831	376	379	DLB	T047	C0752347
27389831	411	416	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	417	429	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27389831	433	436	CNS	T022	C3714787
27389831	437	457	accessory structures	T023	C0000905
27389831	473	477	eyes	T023	C0015392
27389831	482	501	olfactory terminals	T023	C0028938
27389831	517	527	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27389831	528	534	organs	T023	C0178784
27389831	538	550	Parkinsonian	T047	C0242422
27389831	551	559	patients	T101	C0030705
27389831	561	568	Retinal	T023	C0035298
27389831	569	584	imaging studies	T060	C1881134
27389831	588	592	mice	T015	C0025936
27389831	593	607	overexpressing	T045	C1514559
27389831	614	619	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	623	626	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27389831	645	653	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27389831	671	682	progression	T169	C0449258
27389831	686	693	retinal	T023	C0035298
27389831	694	703	pathology	T091	C0030664
27389831	709	711	PD	T047	C0030567
27389831	714	717	DLB	T047	C0752347
27389831	718	740	transgenic mouse model	T015	C0025936
27389831	742	760	Bright-field image	T059	C0441073
27389831	761	773	retinal maps	T070	C0237660
27389831	778	796	fluorescent images	T060	C0430876
27389831	846	853	Retinal	T023	C0035298
27389831	854	861	imaging	T060	C1881134
27389831	875	887	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27389831	891	894	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27389831	903	908	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	912	939	retinal ganglion cell layer	T025	C0035316
27389831	960	968	arterial	T082	C0221464
27389831	969	982	blood vessels	T023	C0005847
27389831	990	1005	transgenic mice	T015	C0025936
27389831	1007	1030	Double labeling studies	T062	C0242481
27389831	1050	1055	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	1059	1062	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27389831	1073	1078	cells	T025	C0007634
27389831	1084	1106	retinal ganglion cells	T025	C0035316
27389831	1118	1123	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	1125	1137	Accumulation	T033	C4055506
27389831	1141	1146	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	1169	1174	cells	T025	C0007634
27389831	1194	1197	age	T032	C0001779
27389831	1199	1211	Accumulation	T033	C4055506
27389831	1215	1220	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	1224	1227	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27389831	1243	1255	immunization	T061	C0020971
27389831	1261	1284	single chain antibodies	T129	C1883036
27389831	1293	1298	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	1315	1340	longitudinal live imaging	T060	C1881134
27389831	1348	1354	retina	T023	C0035298
27389831	1362	1366	PDGF	T116,T123	C0032200
27389831	1369	1374	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	1378	1381	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27389831	1382	1386	mice	T015	C0025936
27389831	1413	1425	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27389831	1454	1459	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890
27389831	1460	1472	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27389831	1480	1483	CNS	T022	C3714787
27389831	1491	1499	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27389831	1504	1523	therapeutic effects	T201	C1527144
27389831	1527	1536	compounds	T121	C1254351
27389831	1537	1546	targeting	T169	C1521840
27389831	1547	1552	α-syn	T116,T123	C0285890

27390504|t|Custom ocular prosthesis in rehabilitation of a child operated for retinoblastoma
27390504|a|A maxillofacial prosthodontist forms an important link in the interdisciplinary management of a patient with anopthalmosis. Prosthetic management of an anopthalmic defect aims to deliver a well-fitting ocular prosthesis that can mimic the original eye as closely as possible, and thus restoring the patient's self-confidence and thereby rehabilitating them in the society. The fabrication of a custom ocular prosthesis is a demanding art. This case report presents a simplified technique for the fabrication of a custom ocular prosthesis for a child who had lost his eye to enucleation following retinoblastoma. Early and effective rehabilitation of the defect goes a long way in restoring the self-image of a child in its early character building age.
27390504	7	24	ocular prosthesis	T074	C0015417
27390504	28	42	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27390504	48	53	child	T100	C0008059
27390504	67	81	retinoblastoma	T191	C0035335
27390504	84	112	maxillofacial prosthodontist	T061	C2193570
27390504	122	131	important	T080	C3898777
27390504	162	185	management of a patient	T058	C1610129
27390504	191	204	anopthalmosis	T019	C0003119
27390504	206	227	Prosthetic management	T061	C0087111
27390504	234	252	anopthalmic defect	T019	C0003119
27390504	284	301	ocular prosthesis	T074	C0015417
27390504	330	333	eye	T023	C0015392
27390504	381	390	patient's	T101	C0030705
27390504	391	406	self-confidence	T041	C0237529
27390504	419	433	rehabilitating	T169	C0034992
27390504	446	453	society	T092	C0037455
27390504	459	470	fabrication	T061	C0087111
27390504	483	500	ocular prosthesis	T074	C0015417
27390504	526	537	case report	T170	C0007320
27390504	560	569	technique	T169	C0449851
27390504	578	589	fabrication	T061	C0087111
27390504	602	619	ocular prosthesis	T074	C0015417
27390504	626	631	child	T100	C0008059
27390504	640	644	lost	T169	C0745777
27390504	649	652	eye	T023	C0015392
27390504	656	667	enucleation	T061	C0014392
27390504	678	692	retinoblastoma	T191	C0035335
27390504	714	728	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27390504	776	786	self-image	T058	C2712201
27390504	792	797	child	T100	C0008059

27390714|t|Health technology assessment: Off-site sterilization
27390714|a|Every year millions of dollars are expended to equip and maintain the hospital sterilization centers, and our country is not an exception of this matter. According to this, it is important to use more effective technologies and methods in health system in order to reach more effectiveness and saving in costs. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the technology of regional sterilization centers. This study was done in four steps. At the first step, safety and effectiveness of technology was studied via systematic study of evidence. The next step was done to evaluate the economical aspect of off-site sterilization technology using gathered data from systematic review of the texts which were related to the technology and costs of off-site and in-site hospital sterilization. Third step was conducted to collect experiences of using technology in some selected hospitals around the world. And in the last step different aspects of acceptance and use of this technology in Iran were evaluated. Review of the selected articles indicated that efficacy and effectiveness of this technology is Confirmed. The results also showed that using this method is not economical in Iran. According to the revealed evidences and also cost analysis, due to shortage of necessary substructures and economical aspect, installing the off-site sterilization health technology in hospitals is not possible currently. But this method can be used to provide sterilization services for clinics and outpatients centers.
27390714	0	28	Health technology assessment	T058	C0039423
27390714	30	38	Off-site	T082	C3828730
27390714	39	52	sterilization	T061	C0038280
27390714	59	63	year	T079	C0439234
27390714	64	83	millions of dollars	T081	C0562019
27390714	88	96	expended	T081	C0015316
27390714	110	118	maintain	T052	C0024501
27390714	123	131	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27390714	132	145	sterilization	T061	C0038280
27390714	146	153	centers	T073,T093	C0475309
27390714	163	170	country	T083	C0454664
27390714	181	190	exception	T077	C1705847
27390714	232	241	important	T080	C3898777
27390714	254	263	effective	T080	C1704419
27390714	264	276	technologies	T090	C0039421
27390714	281	288	methods	T169	C0449851
27390714	292	305	health system	T064	C1456613
27390714	329	342	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27390714	347	362	saving in costs	T081	C0085550
27390714	369	374	study	T062	C2603343
27390714	398	401	aim	T078	C1947946
27390714	405	415	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27390714	420	430	technology	T090	C0039421
27390714	434	442	regional	T082	C0205276
27390714	443	456	sterilization	T061	C0038280
27390714	457	464	centers	T073,T093	C0475309
27390714	471	476	study	T062	C2603343
27390714	520	526	safety	T068	C0036043
27390714	531	544	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27390714	548	558	technology	T090	C0039421
27390714	563	570	studied	T062	C2603343
27390714	575	585	systematic	T169	C0220922
27390714	586	591	study	T062	C2603343
27390714	595	603	evidence	T078	C3887511
27390714	631	639	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27390714	644	654	economical	T081	C0392762
27390714	655	661	aspect	T080	C1879746
27390714	665	673	off-site	T082	C3828730
27390714	674	687	sterilization	T061	C0038280
27390714	688	698	technology	T090	C0039421
27390714	714	718	data	T078	C1511726
27390714	724	734	systematic	T169	C0220922
27390714	735	741	review	T170	C0282443
27390714	749	754	texts	T170	C1527021
27390714	766	773	related	T080	C0439849
27390714	781	791	technology	T090	C0039421
27390714	796	801	costs	T081	C0010186
27390714	805	813	off-site	T082	C3828730
27390714	818	825	in-site	T082	C0205145
27390714	826	834	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27390714	835	848	sterilization	T061	C0038280
27390714	886	897	experiences	T041	C0596545
27390714	907	917	technology	T090	C0039421
27390714	926	934	selected	T052	C1707391
27390714	935	944	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27390714	956	961	world	T098	C2700280
27390714	984	993	different	T080	C1705242
27390714	994	1001	aspects	T080	C1879746
27390714	1005	1015	acceptance	T033	C0243095
27390714	1032	1042	technology	T090	C0039421
27390714	1046	1050	Iran	T083	C0022065
27390714	1056	1065	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27390714	1067	1073	Review	T170	C0282443
27390714	1081	1089	selected	T052	C1707391
27390714	1090	1098	articles	T170	C1706852
27390714	1099	1108	indicated	T033	C1444656
27390714	1114	1122	efficacy	T062	C1707887
27390714	1127	1140	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27390714	1149	1159	technology	T090	C0039421
27390714	1163	1172	Confirmed	T033	C0750484
27390714	1178	1185	results	T033	C2825142
27390714	1214	1220	method	T169	C0449851
27390714	1228	1238	economical	T081	C0392762
27390714	1242	1246	Iran	T083	C0022065
27390714	1265	1273	revealed	T080	C0443289
27390714	1274	1283	evidences	T078	C3887511
27390714	1293	1306	cost analysis	T057	C0010171
27390714	1315	1323	shortage	T033	C0243095
27390714	1355	1372	economical aspect	T081	C0220830
27390714	1389	1397	off-site	T082	C3828730
27390714	1398	1411	sterilization	T061	C0038280
27390714	1412	1429	health technology	T058	C0752189
27390714	1433	1442	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27390714	1446	1449	not	T033	C1513916
27390714	1450	1458	possible	T033	C0332149
27390714	1459	1468	currently	T079	C0521116
27390714	1479	1485	method	T169	C0449851
27390714	1501	1508	provide	T052	C1999230
27390714	1509	1522	sterilization	T061	C0038280
27390714	1523	1531	services	T058	C0018747
27390714	1536	1543	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27390714	1548	1559	outpatients	T101	C0029921
27390714	1560	1567	centers	T073,T093	C0475309

27390849|t|Pulmonary function and health-related quality of life 1- year follow up after cardiac surgery
27390849|a|Pulmonary function is severely reduced in the early period after cardiac surgery, and impairments have been described up to 4-6 months after surgery. Evaluation of pulmonary function in a longer perspective is lacking. In this prospective study pulmonary function and health-related quality of life were investigated 1 year after cardiac surgery. Pulmonary function measurements, health-related quality of life (SF-36), dyspnoea, subjective breathing and coughing ability and pain were evaluated before and 1 year after surgery in 150 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery or combined surgery. One year after surgery the forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were significantly decreased (by 4-5 %) compared to preoperative values (p < 0.05). Saturation of peripheral oxygen was unchanged 1 year postoperatively compared to baseline. A significantly improved health-related quality of life was found 1 year after surgery, with improvements in all eight aspects of SF-36 (p < 0.001). Sternotomy -related pain was low 1 year postoperatively at rest (median 0 [min-max; 0-7]), while taking a deep breath (0 [0-4]) and while coughing (0 [0-8]). A more pronounced decrease in pulmonary function was associated with dyspnoea limitations and impaired subjective breathing and coughing ability. One year after cardiac surgery static and dynamic lung function measurements were slightly decreased, while health-related quality of life was improved in comparison to preoperative values. Measured levels of pain were low and saturation of peripheral oxygen was same as preoperatively.
27390849	0	18	Pulmonary function	T042	C0231921
27390849	23	53	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27390849	57	61	year	T079	C0439234
27390849	62	71	follow up	T058	C1522577
27390849	78	93	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27390849	94	112	Pulmonary function	T042	C0231921
27390849	116	124	severely	T080	C0205082
27390849	125	132	reduced	T080	C0392756
27390849	140	145	early	T079	C1279919
27390849	146	152	period	T079	C1948053
27390849	159	174	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27390849	180	191	impairments	T046	C0684336
27390849	222	228	months	T079	C0439231
27390849	229	242	after surgery	T079	C0032790
27390849	244	254	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27390849	258	276	pulmonary function	T042	C0231921
27390849	304	311	lacking	T080	C0332268
27390849	321	338	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27390849	339	357	pulmonary function	T042	C0231921
27390849	362	392	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27390849	398	410	investigated	T169	C1292732
27390849	413	417	year	T079	C0439234
27390849	424	439	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27390849	441	459	Pulmonary function	T042	C0231921
27390849	460	472	measurements	T169	C0242485
27390849	474	504	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27390849	506	511	SF-36	T170	C1519136
27390849	514	522	dyspnoea	T184	C0013404
27390849	524	534	subjective	T080	C0439655
27390849	535	544	breathing	T039	C0035203
27390849	549	557	coughing	T184	C0010200
27390849	558	565	ability	T032	C0085732
27390849	570	574	pain	T184	C0030193
27390849	580	589	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27390849	590	596	before	T079	C0332152
27390849	603	607	year	T079	C0439234
27390849	608	621	after surgery	T079	C0032790
27390849	629	637	patients	T101	C0030705
27390849	649	680	coronary artery bypass grafting	T061	C0010055
27390849	682	695	valve surgery	T061	C0543467
27390849	708	715	surgery	T061	C0543467
27390849	721	725	year	T079	C0439234
27390849	726	739	after surgery	T079	C0032790
27390849	744	765	forced vital capacity	T201	C0231958
27390849	770	794	forced expiratory volume	T042	C0016529
27390849	821	830	decreased	T081	C0205216
27390849	842	850	compared	T052	C1707455
27390849	854	866	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27390849	867	873	values	T081	C1522609
27390849	886	917	Saturation of peripheral oxygen	T042	C2317096
27390849	922	931	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27390849	934	938	year	T079	C0439234
27390849	939	954	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27390849	955	963	compared	T052	C1707455
27390849	967	975	baseline	T081	C1442488
27390849	993	1001	improved	T033	C0184511
27390849	1002	1032	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27390849	1045	1049	year	T079	C0439234
27390849	1050	1063	after surgery	T079	C0032790
27390849	1070	1082	improvements	T077	C2986411
27390849	1096	1103	aspects	T080	C1879746
27390849	1107	1112	SF-36	T170	C1519136
27390849	1126	1136	Sternotomy	T061	C0185792
27390849	1146	1150	pain	T184	C0030193
27390849	1155	1158	low	T080	C0205251
27390849	1161	1165	year	T079	C0439234
27390849	1166	1181	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27390849	1182	1189	at rest	T169	C0443144
27390849	1232	1243	deep breath	T184	C1321587
27390849	1264	1272	coughing	T184	C0010200
27390849	1314	1332	pulmonary function	T042	C0231921
27390849	1337	1352	associated with	T080	C0332281
27390849	1353	1361	dyspnoea	T184	C0013404
27390849	1362	1373	limitations	T169	C0449295
27390849	1378	1386	impaired	T046	C0684336
27390849	1387	1397	subjective	T080	C0439655
27390849	1398	1407	breathing	T039	C0035203
27390849	1412	1420	coughing	T184	C0010200
27390849	1421	1428	ability	T032	C0085732
27390849	1434	1438	year	T079	C0439234
27390849	1445	1460	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27390849	1461	1467	static	T080	C0441463
27390849	1472	1479	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27390849	1480	1506	lung function measurements	T060	C0024119
27390849	1521	1530	decreased	T081	C0205216
27390849	1538	1568	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27390849	1573	1581	improved	T033	C0184511
27390849	1585	1595	comparison	T052	C1707455
27390849	1599	1611	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27390849	1612	1618	values	T081	C1522609
27390849	1620	1628	Measured	T080	C0444706
27390849	1629	1635	levels	T080	C0441889
27390849	1639	1643	pain	T184	C0030193
27390849	1649	1652	low	T080	C0205251
27390849	1657	1688	saturation of peripheral oxygen	T042	C2317096
27390849	1693	1697	same	T080	C0445247
27390849	1701	1715	preoperatively	T079	C0445204

27391139|t|Weed seed inactivation in soil mesocosms via biosolarization with mature compost and tomato processing waste amendments
27391139|a|Biosolarization is a fumigation alternative that combines passive solar heating with amendment-driven soil microbial activity to temporarily create antagonistic soil conditions, such as elevated temperature and acidity, that can inactivate weed seeds and other pest propagules. The aim of this study was to use a mesocosm -based field trial to assess soil heating, pH, volatile fatty acid accumulation and weed seed inactivation during biosolarization. Biosolarization for 8 days using 2% mature green waste compost and 2 or 5% tomato processing residues in the soil resulted in accumulation of volatile fatty acids in the soil, particularly acetic acid, and >95% inactivation of Brassica nigra and Solanum nigrum seeds. Inactivation kinetics data showed that near complete weed seed inactivation in soil was achieved within the first 5 days of biosolarization. This was significantly greater than the inactivation achieved in control soils that were solar heated without amendment or were amended but not solar heated. The composition and concentration of organic matter amendments in soil significantly affected volatile fatty acid accumulation at various soil depths during biosolarization. Combining solar heating with organic matter amendment resulted in accelerated weed seed inactivation compared with either approach alone. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
27391139	0	4	Weed	T002	C2936212
27391139	5	9	seed	T002	C0036563
27391139	10	22	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27391139	26	30	soil	T167	C0037592
27391139	31	40	mesocosms	T082	C4072789
27391139	66	80	mature compost	T167	C1258026
27391139	85	119	tomato processing waste amendments	T167	C0043045
27391139	141	151	fumigation	T068	C0016804
27391139	186	191	solar	T070	C0037605
27391139	192	199	heating	T069	C0018851
27391139	222	226	soil	T167	C0037592
27391139	227	245	microbial activity	T070	C2350508
27391139	268	296	antagonistic soil conditions	T080	C0348080
27391139	306	326	elevated temperature	T033	C0437737
27391139	331	338	acidity	T081	C0920750
27391139	360	364	weed	T002	C2936212
27391139	365	370	seeds	T002	C0036563
27391139	381	396	pest propagules	T008	C0869004
27391139	414	419	study	T062	C2603343
27391139	433	441	mesocosm	T082	C4072789
27391139	471	475	soil	T167	C0037592
27391139	476	483	heating	T069	C0018851
27391139	489	508	volatile fatty acid	T109,T123	C0015691
27391139	509	521	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27391139	526	530	weed	T002	C2936212
27391139	531	535	seed	T002	C0036563
27391139	536	548	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27391139	595	599	days	T079	C0439228
27391139	609	635	mature green waste compost	T167	C1258026
27391139	648	674	tomato processing residues	T167	C0043045
27391139	682	686	soil	T167	C0037592
27391139	699	711	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27391139	715	735	volatile fatty acids	T109,T123	C0015691
27391139	743	747	soil	T167	C0037592
27391139	762	773	acetic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27391139	784	796	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27391139	800	814	Brassica nigra	T002	C0330506
27391139	819	833	Solanum nigrum	T002	C0331225
27391139	834	839	seeds	T002	C0036563
27391139	841	853	Inactivation	T169	C0544461
27391139	854	862	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27391139	863	867	data	T078	C1511726
27391139	894	898	weed	T002	C2936212
27391139	899	903	seed	T002	C0036563
27391139	904	916	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27391139	920	924	soil	T167	C0037592
27391139	957	961	days	T079	C0439228
27391139	1022	1034	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27391139	1047	1060	control soils	T167	C0037592
27391139	1071	1076	solar	T070	C0037605
27391139	1126	1131	solar	T070	C0037605
27391139	1144	1155	composition	T070	C0243176
27391139	1160	1173	concentration	T081	C1446561
27391139	1177	1202	organic matter amendments	T002	C0557858
27391139	1206	1210	soil	T167	C0037592
27391139	1234	1253	volatile fatty acid	T109,T123	C0015691
27391139	1254	1266	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27391139	1278	1282	soil	T167	C0037592
27391139	1283	1289	depths	T082	C0205125
27391139	1324	1329	solar	T070	C0037605
27391139	1330	1337	heating	T069	C0018851
27391139	1343	1367	organic matter amendment	T002	C0557858
27391139	1392	1396	weed	T002	C2936212
27391139	1397	1401	seed	T002	C0036563
27391139	1402	1414	inactivation	T169	C0544461

27391263|t|Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of tumor tissue and circulating tumor cells in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A report from the PETRUS prospective study
27391263|a|Molecular characterization of cancer samples is hampered by tumor tissue availability in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. We reported the results of prospective PETRUS study of biomarker assessment in paired primary prostatic tumors, metastatic biopsies and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Among 54 mCRPC patients enrolled, 38 (70%) had biopsies containing more than 50% tumour cells. 28 (52%) patients were analyzed for both tissue samples and CTCs. FISH for AR - amplification and TMPRSS2 - ERG translocation were successful in 54% and 32% in metastatic biopsies and primary tumors, respectively. By comparing CellSearch and filtration (ISET)-enrichment combined to four color immunofluorescent staining, we showed that CellSearch and ISET isolated distinct subpopulations of CTCs: CTCs undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, CTC clusters and large CTCs with cytomorphological characteristics but no detectable markers were isolated using ISET. Epithelial CTCs detected by the CellSearch were mostly lost during the ISET-filtration. AR - amplification was detected in CellSearch -captured CTCs, but not in ISET -enriched CTCs which harbor exclusively AR gain of copies. Eighty-eight percent concordance for ERG-rearrangement was observed between metastatic biopsies and CTCs even if additional ERG-alteration patterns were detected in ISET -enriched CTCs indicating a higher heterogeneity in CTCs. Molecular screening of metastatic biopsies is achievable in a multicenter context. Our data indicate that CTCs detected by the CellSearch and the ISET-filtration systems are not only phenotypically but also genetically different. Close attention must be paid to CTC characterization since neither approach tested here fully reflects the tremendous phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity present in CTCs from mCRPC patients.
27391263	0	10	Phenotypic	T033	C1852220
27391263	15	36	genetic heterogeneity	T032	C0242960
27391263	40	52	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27391263	57	80	circulating tumor cells	T025	C0027625
27391263	84	92	patients	T101	C0030705
27391263	98	145	metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer	T191	C1328504
27391263	149	155	report	T170	C0684224
27391263	165	189	PETRUS prospective study	T062	C0033522
27391263	190	234	Molecular characterization of cancer samples	T170	C1513386
27391263	238	246	hampered	T080	C0311403
27391263	250	262	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27391263	279	326	metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer	T191	C1328504
27391263	328	333	mCRPC	T191	C1328504
27391263	335	343	patients	T101	C0030705
27391263	348	356	reported	T058	C0700287
27391263	361	368	results	T169	C1274040
27391263	372	396	prospective PETRUS study	T062	C0033522
27391263	400	420	biomarker assessment	T063	C1879847
27391263	439	455	prostatic tumors	T191	C0376358
27391263	457	467	metastatic	T191	C0027627
27391263	468	476	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27391263	481	504	circulating tumor cells	T025	C0027625
27391263	506	510	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	522	527	mCRPC	T191	C1328504
27391263	528	536	patients	T101	C0030705
27391263	560	568	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27391263	594	606	tumour cells	T025	C0431085
27391263	617	625	patients	T101	C0030705
27391263	631	639	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27391263	649	663	tissue samples	T024	C0475358
27391263	668	672	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	674	678	FISH	T063	C0162789
27391263	683	685	AR	T028	C1367578
27391263	688	701	amplification	T063	C1517480
27391263	706	713	TMPRSS2	T028	C1336641
27391263	716	719	ERG	T028	C0599295
27391263	720	733	translocation	T045	C1315049
27391263	768	778	metastatic	T191	C0027627
27391263	779	787	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27391263	792	806	primary tumors	T191	C0677930
27391263	835	845	CellSearch	T059	C0200925
27391263	850	866	filtration (ISET	T059	C0200925
27391263	902	928	immunofluorescent staining	T059	C1318793
27391263	945	955	CellSearch	T059	C0200925
27391263	960	964	ISET	T059	C0200925
27391263	965	973	isolated	T169	C0205409
27391263	983	997	subpopulations	T059,T062	C0596289
27391263	1001	1005	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	1007	1011	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	1023	1059	epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27391263	1061	1073	CTC clusters	T025	C0027625
27391263	1078	1083	large	T081	C0549177
27391263	1084	1088	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	1094	1111	cytomorphological	T080	C0332437
27391263	1112	1127	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27391263	1135	1145	detectable	T201	C3830527
27391263	1146	1153	markers	T201	C0005516
27391263	1159	1167	isolated	T169	C0205409
27391263	1174	1178	ISET	T059	C0200925
27391263	1180	1190	Epithelial	T080	C0221908
27391263	1191	1195	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	1196	1204	detected	T033	C0442726
27391263	1212	1222	CellSearch	T059	C0200925
27391263	1251	1266	ISET-filtration	T059	C0200925
27391263	1268	1270	AR	T028	C1367578
27391263	1273	1286	amplification	T063	C1517480
27391263	1291	1299	detected	T033	C0442726
27391263	1303	1313	CellSearch	T059	C0200925
27391263	1324	1328	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	1341	1345	ISET	T059	C0200925
27391263	1356	1360	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	1386	1388	AR	T028	C1367578
27391263	1397	1403	copies	T081	C0178655
27391263	1442	1459	ERG-rearrangement	T049	C2826127
27391263	1481	1491	metastatic	T191	C0027627
27391263	1492	1500	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27391263	1505	1509	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	1529	1543	ERG-alteration	T049	C2826127
27391263	1558	1566	detected	T033	C0442726
27391263	1570	1574	ISET	T059	C0200925
27391263	1585	1589	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	1603	1609	higher	T080	C0205250
27391263	1610	1623	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27391263	1627	1631	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	1633	1642	Molecular	T080	C1521991
27391263	1643	1652	screening	T058	C1710032
27391263	1656	1666	metastatic	T191	C0027627
27391263	1667	1675	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27391263	1695	1714	multicenter context	T062	C0206012
27391263	1720	1724	data	T078	C1511726
27391263	1739	1743	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	1744	1752	detected	T033	C0442726
27391263	1760	1770	CellSearch	T059	C0200925
27391263	1779	1802	ISET-filtration systems	T059	C0200925
27391263	1816	1830	phenotypically	T032	C0031437
27391263	1840	1851	genetically	T169	C0314603
27391263	1852	1861	different	T080	C1705242
27391263	1895	1898	CTC	T025	C0027625
27391263	1899	1915	characterization	T052	C1880022
27391263	1939	1945	tested	T169	C0039593
27391263	1981	1991	phenotypic	T033	C1852220
27391263	1996	2017	genetic heterogeneity	T032	C0242960
27391263	2029	2033	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27391263	2039	2044	mCRPC	T191	C1328504
27391263	2045	2053	patients	T101	C0030705

27391592|t|Impact of Soil Salinity on the Structure of the Bacterial Endophytic Community Identified from the Roots of Caliph Medic (Medicago truncatula)
27391592|a|In addition to being a forage crop, Caliph medic (Medicago truncatula) is also a model legume plant and is used for research focusing on the molecular characterization of the interaction between rhizobia and plants. However, the endophytic microbiome in this plant is poorly defined. Endophytic bacteria play a role in supplying plants with the basic requirements necessary for growth and development. Moreover, these bacteria also play a role in the mechanism of salinity stress adaptation in plants. As a prelude to the isolation and utilization of these bacteria in Caliph medic farming, 41 bacterial OTUs were identified in this project from within the interior of the roots of this plant by pyrosequencing of the small ribosomal subunit gene (16S rDNA) using a cultivation-independent approach. In addition, the differential abundance of these bacteria was studied following exposure of the plants to salinity stress. About 29,064 high-quality reads were obtained from the sequencing of six libraries prepared from control and salinity-treated tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that the abundance of ~70% of the OTUs was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) altered in roots that were exposed to salinity stress. Sequence analysis showed a similarity between some of the identified species and other, known, growth-promoting bacteria, marine and salt-stressed soil-borne bacteria, and nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates. Determination of the amendments to the bacteria l community due to salinity stress in Caliph medic provides a crucial step toward developing an understanding of the association of these endophytes, under salt stress conditions, in this model plant. To provide direct evidence regarding their growth promoting activity, a group of endophytic bacteria were isolated from inside of plant roots using a cultivation-dependent approach. Several of these isolates were able to produce ACC-deaminase, ammonia and IAA; and to solubilize Zn+2 and PO4-3. This data is consistent with the predicted occurrence (based on cultivation-independent techniques) of these bacteria and provides some insight into the importance of the endophytic bacteria in Caliph medic when grown under normal and saline conditions.
27391592	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27391592	10	14	Soil	T167	C0037592
27391592	15	23	Salinity	T081	C0392762
27391592	31	40	Structure	T082	C0678594
27391592	48	57	Bacterial	T007	C0004611
27391592	58	68	Endophytic	T004	C1265415
27391592	69	78	Community	T096	C0009462
27391592	79	89	Identified	T080	C0205396
27391592	99	104	Roots	T002	C0242726
27391592	108	120	Caliph Medic	T002	C0330774
27391592	122	141	Medicago truncatula	T002	C0330774
27391592	166	177	forage crop	T002	C0032098
27391592	179	191	Caliph medic	T002	C0330774
27391592	193	212	Medicago truncatula	T002	C0330774
27391592	224	242	model legume plant	T062	C1514135
27391592	284	310	molecular characterization	T052	C1880022
27391592	318	329	interaction	T169	C1704675
27391592	338	346	rhizobia	T007	C0004611
27391592	351	357	plants	T002	C0032098
27391592	372	393	endophytic microbiome	T001	C1956108
27391592	402	407	plant	T002	C0032098
27391592	427	437	Endophytic	T004	C1265415
27391592	438	446	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27391592	472	478	plants	T002	C0032098
27391592	494	506	requirements	T169	C1514873
27391592	521	527	growth	T040	C0597252
27391592	532	543	development	T040	C0597252
27391592	561	569	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27391592	594	603	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27391592	607	622	salinity stress	T070	C1254365
27391592	623	633	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27391592	637	643	plants	T002	C0032098
27391592	665	674	isolation	T059	C0220862
27391592	679	690	utilization	T169	C0042153
27391592	700	708	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27391592	712	724	Caliph medic	T002	C0330774
27391592	725	732	farming	T082	C0557759
27391592	737	746	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27391592	747	751	OTUs	T185	C0008902
27391592	757	767	identified	T080	C0205396
27391592	800	808	interior	T082	C0205102
27391592	816	821	roots	T002	C0242726
27391592	830	835	plant	T002	C0032098
27391592	839	853	pyrosequencing	T059	C2732543
27391592	861	889	small ribosomal subunit gene	T028	C0017337
27391592	891	899	16S rDNA	T028	C0017337
27391592	909	941	cultivation-independent approach	T059	C0022885
27391592	960	972	differential	T080	C0443199
27391592	973	982	abundance	T080	C2346714
27391592	992	1000	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27391592	1039	1045	plants	T002	C0032098
27391592	1049	1064	salinity stress	T070	C1254365
27391592	1079	1097	high-quality reads	T081	C0392762
27391592	1121	1131	sequencing	T059	C1294197
27391592	1139	1148	libraries	T028,T114	C0017272
27391592	1163	1170	control	T024	C0040300
27391592	1175	1199	salinity-treated tissues	T024	C0040300
27391592	1201	1221	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27391592	1240	1249	abundance	T080	C2346714
27391592	1265	1269	OTUs	T185	C0008902
27391592	1310	1315	roots	T002	C0242726
27391592	1326	1336	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27391592	1337	1352	salinity stress	T070	C1254365
27391592	1354	1371	Sequence analysis	T059,T063	C0162801
27391592	1412	1422	identified	T080	C0205396
27391592	1423	1430	species	T185	C1705920
27391592	1449	1474	growth-promoting bacteria	T007	C0004611
27391592	1476	1482	marine	T001	C0599383
27391592	1487	1520	salt-stressed soil-borne bacteria	T007	C0004611
27391592	1526	1551	nitrogen-fixing bacterial	T007	C4277688
27391592	1552	1560	isolates	T123	C1764827
27391592	1601	1609	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27391592	1612	1621	community	T096	C0009462
27391592	1629	1644	salinity stress	T070	C1254365
27391592	1648	1660	Caliph medic	T002	C0330774
27391592	1727	1738	association	T080	C0439849
27391592	1748	1758	endophytes	T004	C1265415
27391592	1766	1788	salt stress conditions	T070	C1254365
27391592	1798	1809	model plant	T062	C1514135
27391592	1829	1837	evidence	T078	C3887511
27391592	1854	1879	growth promoting activity	T052	C0441655
27391592	1883	1888	group	T078	C0441833
27391592	1892	1902	endophytic	T004	C1265415
27391592	1903	1911	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27391592	1917	1925	isolated	T169	C0205409
27391592	1941	1952	plant roots	T002	C0242726
27391592	1961	1991	cultivation-dependent approach	T059	C0022885
27391592	2010	2018	isolates	T123	C1764827
27391592	2040	2053	ACC-deaminase	T116,T126	C0044278
27391592	2055	2062	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27391592	2067	2070	IAA	T109,T125	C0936060
27391592	2079	2089	solubilize	T169	C0205245
27391592	2090	2094	Zn+2	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27391592	2099	2104	PO4-3	T121,T197	C1601799
27391592	2111	2115	data	T078	C1511726
27391592	2149	2159	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27391592	2170	2204	cultivation-independent techniques	T059	C0022885
27391592	2215	2223	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27391592	2277	2287	endophytic	T004	C1265415
27391592	2288	2296	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27391592	2300	2312	Caliph medic	T002	C0330774
27391592	2330	2336	normal	T080	C0205307
27391592	2341	2347	saline	T167	C0036082
27391592	2348	2358	conditions	T080	C0348080

27391754|t|Role of the Membrane for Mechanosensing by Tethered Channels
27391754|a|Biologically important membrane channels are gated by force at attached tethers. Here, we generically characterize the nontrivial interplay of force, membrane tension, and channel deformations that can affect gating. A central finding is that minute conical channel deformation under force leads to significant energy release during opening. We also calculate channel-channel interactions and show that they can amplify the force sensitivity of tethered channels.
27391754	12	20	Membrane	T026	C0596901
27391754	25	39	Mechanosensing	T044	C1138568
27391754	43	51	Tethered	T169	C0577538
27391754	52	60	Channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27391754	61	73	Biologically	T080	C0205460
27391754	84	101	membrane channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27391754	106	111	gated	T043	C0022008
27391754	115	120	force	T067	C0441722
27391754	124	132	attached	T067	C3714578
27391754	133	140	tethers	T169	C0577538
27391754	204	209	force	T067	C0441722
27391754	211	227	membrane tension	T043	C0311434
27391754	233	240	channel	T116,T123	C0022009
27391754	241	253	deformations	T033	C1704258
27391754	270	276	gating	T043	C0022008
27391754	311	326	conical channel	T116,T123	C0022009
27391754	327	338	deformation	T033	C1704258
27391754	345	350	force	T067	C0441722
27391754	372	386	energy release	T039	C0014272
27391754	394	401	opening	T043	C0022008
27391754	421	449	channel-channel interactions	T044	C0872079
27391754	485	490	force	T067	C0441722
27391754	491	502	sensitivity	T044	C1138568
27391754	506	514	tethered	T169	C0577538
27391754	515	523	channels	T116,T123	C0022009

27392010|t|Caregiver satisfaction with paediatric HIV treatment and care in Nigeria and equity implications for children living with HIV
27392010|a|Caregiver satisfaction has the potential to promote equity for children living with HIV, by influencing health-seeking behaviour. We measured dimensions of caregiver satisfaction with paediatric HIV treatment in Nigeria, and discuss its implications for equity by conducting facility-based exit interviews for caregivers of children receiving antiretroviral therapy in 20 purposively selected facilities within 5 geopolitical zones. Descriptive analysis and factor analysis were performed. Due to the hierarchical nature of the data, multilevel regression modelling was performed to investigate relationships between satisfaction factors and socio-demographic variables. Of 1550 caregivers interviewed, 63% (95% CI: 60.6-65.4) reported being very satisfied overall; however, satisfaction varied in some dimensions: only 55.6% (53.1-58.1) of caregivers could talk privately with health workers, 56.9% (54.4-59.3) reported that queues to see health workers were too long, and 89.9% (88.4-91.4) said that some health workers did not treat patients living with HIV with sufficient respect. Based on factor analysis, two underlying factors, labelled Availability and Attitude, were identified. In multilevel regression, the satisfaction with availability of services correlated with formal employment status (p < .01), whereas caregivers receiving care in private facilities were less likely satisfied with both availability (p < .01) and attitude of health workers (p < .05). State and facility levels influenced attitudes of the health workers (p < .01), but not availability of services. We conclude that high levels of overall satisfaction among caregivers masked dissatisfaction with some aspects of services. The two underlying satisfaction factors are part of access typology critical for closing equity gaps in access to HIV treatment between adults and children, and across socio-economic groups.
27392010	0	22	Caregiver satisfaction	T033	C1319173
27392010	28	42	paediatric HIV	T047	C1319296
27392010	43	52	treatment	T061	C0087111
27392010	57	61	care	T052	C1947933
27392010	65	72	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27392010	77	83	equity	T080	C4042901
27392010	101	109	children	T100	C0008059
27392010	110	116	living	T078	C0376558
27392010	122	125	HIV	T047	C0019693
27392010	126	148	Caregiver satisfaction	T033	C1319173
27392010	157	166	potential	T080	C3245505
27392010	170	177	promote	T052	C0033414
27392010	178	184	equity	T080	C4042901
27392010	189	197	children	T100	C0008059
27392010	198	204	living	T078	C0376558
27392010	210	213	HIV	T047	C0019693
27392010	218	229	influencing	T077	C4054723
27392010	230	254	health-seeking behaviour	T055	C1321107
27392010	259	267	measured	T080	C0444706
27392010	282	304	caregiver satisfaction	T033	C1319173
27392010	310	324	paediatric HIV	T047	C1319296
27392010	325	334	treatment	T061	C0087111
27392010	338	345	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27392010	380	386	equity	T080	C4042901
27392010	416	431	exit interviews	T052	C0021822
27392010	436	446	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27392010	450	458	children	T100	C0008059
27392010	459	468	receiving	T080	C1514756
27392010	469	491	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
27392010	519	529	facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27392010	539	557	geopolitical zones	T083	C0017446
27392010	571	579	analysis	T062	C0936012
27392010	584	599	factor analysis	T081	C0085801
27392010	605	614	performed	T169	C0884358
27392010	654	658	data	T078	C1511726
27392010	660	691	multilevel regression modelling	T062	C3824847
27392010	696	705	performed	T169	C0884358
27392010	709	720	investigate	T169	C1292732
27392010	721	734	relationships	T080	C0439849
27392010	743	763	satisfaction factors	T041	C0242428
27392010	768	795	socio-demographic variables	T102	C0683970
27392010	805	815	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27392010	816	827	interviewed	T052	C0021822
27392010	873	882	satisfied	T170	C4084799
27392010	883	890	overall	T080	C1561607
27392010	901	913	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27392010	967	977	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27392010	1004	1018	health workers	T097	C0009467
27392010	1052	1058	queues	T169	C1698488
27392010	1066	1080	health workers	T097	C0009467
27392010	1090	1094	long	T080	C0205166
27392010	1133	1147	health workers	T097	C0009467
27392010	1156	1161	treat	T169	C1522326
27392010	1162	1170	patients	T101	C0030705
27392010	1171	1177	living	T078	C0376558
27392010	1183	1186	HIV	T047	C0019693
27392010	1203	1210	respect	T054	C0679133
27392010	1221	1236	factor analysis	T081	C0085801
27392010	1253	1260	factors	T169	C1521761
27392010	1271	1283	Availability	T169	C0470187
27392010	1288	1296	Attitude	T041	C0004271
27392010	1303	1313	identified	T080	C0205396
27392010	1318	1339	multilevel regression	T062	C3824847
27392010	1345	1357	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27392010	1363	1378	availability of	T169	C0470187
27392010	1379	1387	services	T057	C0557854
27392010	1388	1398	correlated	T080	C1707520
27392010	1411	1428	employment status	T033	C0242271
27392010	1448	1458	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27392010	1459	1468	receiving	T080	C1514756
27392010	1469	1473	care	T052	C1947933
27392010	1477	1495	private facilities	T073	C4277706
27392010	1513	1522	satisfied	T170	C4084799
27392010	1533	1545	availability	T169	C0470187
27392010	1560	1568	attitude	T041	C0004271
27392010	1572	1586	health workers	T097	C0009467
27392010	1598	1603	State	T083	C1552743
27392010	1608	1616	facility	T073	C1547538
27392010	1617	1623	levels	T080	C0441889
27392010	1624	1634	influenced	T077	C4054723
27392010	1635	1644	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27392010	1652	1666	health workers	T097	C0009467
27392010	1686	1701	availability of	T169	C0470187
27392010	1702	1710	services	T057	C0557854
27392010	1734	1740	levels	T080	C0441889
27392010	1744	1751	overall	T080	C1561607
27392010	1752	1764	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27392010	1771	1781	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27392010	1789	1804	dissatisfaction	T041	C0870433
27392010	1826	1834	services	T057	C0557854
27392010	1855	1867	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27392010	1895	1903	typology	T058	C2945700
27392010	1904	1912	critical	T080	C1511545
27392010	1925	1931	equity	T080	C4042901
27392010	1940	1946	access	T080	C0018748
27392010	1950	1953	HIV	T047	C0019693
27392010	1954	1963	treatment	T061	C0087111
27392010	1972	1978	adults	T100	C0001675
27392010	1983	1991	children	T100	C0008059
27392010	2004	2025	socio-economic groups	T098	C0687744

27392220|t|Eliminating Cancer Stem Cells in CML with Combination Transcriptional Therapy
27392220|a|Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are resistant to current therapies used to treat chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Abraham et al. (2016) have identified a molecular network critical for CML LSC survival and propose that simultaneously targeting two of their major transcriptional regulators, p53 and c-Myc, may facilitate their eradication.
27392220	12	29	Cancer Stem Cells	T025	C1956422
27392220	33	36	CML	T191	C0023473
27392220	54	69	Transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27392220	70	77	Therapy	T061	C0087111
27392220	78	86	Leukemia	T191	C0023418
27392220	87	97	stem cells	T025	C1956422
27392220	99	103	LSCs	T025	C1956422
27392220	130	139	therapies	T061	C0087111
27392220	154	178	chronic myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023473
27392220	180	183	CML	T191	C0023473
27392220	226	243	molecular network	T044	C1148560
27392220	244	252	critical	T169	C0231242
27392220	257	260	CML	T191	C0023473
27392220	261	264	LSC	T025	C1956422
27392220	265	273	survival	T043	C0007620
27392220	335	361	transcriptional regulators	T116,T123	C0040648
27392220	363	366	p53	T028	C0079419
27392220	371	376	c-Myc	T116,T123	C0314684
27392220	399	410	eradication	T045	C2248542

27392380|t|Energy Expenditure and Intensity of Classroom Physical Activity in Elementary School Children
27392380|a|There is limited data regarding objectively measured energy cost and intensity of classroom instruction. Therefore, the purpose of current study was to objectively measure energy cost and subsequently calculate MET values using a portable indirect calorimeter (IC) for both normal classroom instruction (NCI) and active classroom instruction (ACI). We assessed energy expenditure (EE) and intensity levels (METs) in elementary school children (17 boys and 15 girls) using an IC (COSMED K4b2). Independent t-tests were used to evaluate potential sex and grade level differences for age, BMI, VO2, EE, and METs. The average EE for NCI and ACI were 1.8 ± 0.4 and 3.9 ± 1.0, respectively. The average intensity level for NCI and ACI were 1.9 ± 0.4 and 4.2 ± 0.9 METs, respectively. PA delivered through ACI can elicit EE at a moderate intensity level. These results provide evidence for ACI as a convenient/feasible avenue for increasing PA in youth without decreasing instruction time.
27392380	0	18	Energy Expenditure	T039	C0014272
27392380	23	32	Intensity	T080	C0522510
27392380	36	45	Classroom	T073	C0870287
27392380	46	63	Physical Activity	T056	C0026606
27392380	67	84	Elementary School	T170	C0683859
27392380	85	93	Children	T100	C0260267
27392380	103	115	limited data	T078	C1511726
27392380	138	146	measured	T080	C0444706
27392380	147	153	energy	T081	C1442080
27392380	154	158	cost	T169	C0220812
27392380	163	172	intensity	T080	C0522510
27392380	176	197	classroom instruction	T065	C0871627
27392380	233	238	study	T062	C2603343
27392380	258	265	measure	T081	C0079809
27392380	266	272	energy	T081	C1442080
27392380	273	277	cost	T169	C0220812
27392380	295	304	calculate	T052	C1441506
27392380	305	315	MET values	T060	C2355577
27392380	324	332	portable	T082	C4299032
27392380	333	353	indirect calorimeter	T074	C1458006
27392380	355	357	IC	T074	C1458006
27392380	368	374	normal	T080	C0205307
27392380	375	396	classroom instruction	T065	C0871627
27392380	398	401	NCI	T065	C0871627
27392380	407	413	active	T169	C0205177
27392380	414	435	classroom instruction	T065	C0871627
27392380	437	440	ACI	T065	C0871627
27392380	446	454	assessed	T052	C1516048
27392380	455	473	energy expenditure	T039	C0014272
27392380	475	477	EE	T039	C0014272
27392380	483	492	intensity	T080	C0522510
27392380	493	499	levels	T080	C0441889
27392380	501	505	METs	T060	C2355577
27392380	510	527	elementary school	T170	C0683859
27392380	528	536	children	T100	C0260267
27392380	541	545	boys	T100	C0870221
27392380	553	558	girls	T100	C0870604
27392380	569	571	IC	T074	C1458006
27392380	573	584	COSMED K4b2	T074	C1458006
27392380	587	606	Independent t-tests	T170	C0871472
27392380	620	628	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27392380	639	642	sex	T032	C1522384
27392380	647	658	grade level	T080	C0870612
27392380	675	678	age	T032	C0001779
27392380	680	683	BMI	T201	C1305855
27392380	685	688	VO2	T060	C1305742
27392380	690	692	EE	T039	C0014272
27392380	698	702	METs	T060	C2355577
27392380	708	715	average	T081	C1510992
27392380	716	718	EE	T039	C0014272
27392380	723	726	NCI	T065	C0871627
27392380	731	734	ACI	T065	C0871627
27392380	783	790	average	T081	C1510992
27392380	791	800	intensity	T080	C0522510
27392380	801	806	level	T080	C0441889
27392380	811	814	NCI	T065	C0871627
27392380	819	822	ACI	T065	C0871627
27392380	852	856	METs	T060	C2355577
27392380	872	874	PA	T056	C0026606
27392380	893	896	ACI	T065	C0871627
27392380	908	910	EE	T039	C0014272
27392380	925	934	intensity	T080	C0522510
27392380	935	940	level	T080	C0441889
27392380	964	972	evidence	T078	C3887511
27392380	977	980	ACI	T065	C0871627
27392380	1017	1027	increasing	T169	C0442808
27392380	1028	1030	PA	T056	C0026606
27392380	1034	1039	youth	T100	C0087178
27392380	1048	1058	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27392380	1059	1070	instruction	T170	C1442085
27392380	1071	1075	time	T079	C0040223

27392483|t|Liver - specific mono-unsaturated fatty acid synthase-1 inhibitor for anti-hepatitis C treatment
27392483|a|Recently, direct antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been developed as highly effective anti-HCV drugs. However, the appearance of resistant viruses against direct anti-viral agents is an unsolved problem. One of the strategies considered to suppress the emergence of the drug-resistant viruses is to use drugs inhibiting the host factor, which contributes to HCV proliferation, in combination with direct anti-viral agents. The replication complex was reported to be present in the membranous compartment in the cells. Thus, lipid metabolism modulators are good candidates to regulate virus assembly and HCV replication. Recent studies have shown that stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), an enzyme for long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acid (LCMUFA) synthesis, is a key factor that defines HCV replication efficiency. Systemic exposure to SCD-1 inhibor induces some side effects in the eyes and skin. Thus, systemic SCD-1 inhibitors are considered inappropriate for HCV therapy. To avoid the side effects of systemic SCD-1 inhibitors, the liver - specific SCD-1 inhibitor, MK8245, was synthesized; it showed antidiabetic effects in diabetic model mice with no side effects. In the phase 1 clinical study on measurement of MK8245 tolerability, no significant side effects were reported (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00790556). Therefore, we thought liver - specific SCD-1 inhibitors would be suitable agents for HCV - infected patients. MK8245 was evaluated using recombinant HCV culture systems. Considering current HCV treatments, to avoid the emergence of direct anti-viral agents - resistant viruses, combination therapy with direct anti-viral agents and host - targeted agents would be optimal. With this viewpoint, we confirmed MK8245 's additive or synergistic anti-HCV effects on current direct anti-viral agents and interferon-alpha therapy. The results suggest that MK8245 is an option for anti-HCV multi-drug therapy with a low risk of emergence of drug-resistant HCV without significant side effects.
27392483	0	5	Liver	T023	C0023884
27392483	8	16	specific	T080	C0205369
27392483	17	55	mono-unsaturated fatty acid synthase-1	T116,T126	C0015683
27392483	56	65	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27392483	70	86	anti-hepatitis C	T033	C0243095
27392483	87	96	treatment	T061	C0087111
27392483	114	130	antiviral agents	T121	C0003451
27392483	131	138	against	T080	C0521124
27392483	139	172	hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection	T047	C4288963
27392483	196	202	highly	T080	C0205250
27392483	203	212	effective	T080	C1704419
27392483	213	227	anti-HCV drugs	T121	C4020634
27392483	242	252	appearance	T080	C0700364
27392483	256	265	resistant	T169	C0332325
27392483	266	273	viruses	T005	C0042776
27392483	274	281	against	T080	C0521124
27392483	289	306	anti-viral agents	T121	C0003451
27392483	313	321	unsolved	T077	C1710576
27392483	322	329	problem	T033	C0033213
27392483	353	363	considered	T078	C0750591
27392483	367	375	suppress	T169	C1260953
27392483	380	389	emergence	T080	C0700364
27392483	397	411	drug-resistant	T038	C0013203
27392483	412	419	viruses	T005	C0042776
27392483	430	435	drugs	T121	C1254351
27392483	436	446	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27392483	451	455	host	T001	C1167395
27392483	456	462	factor	T169	C1521761
27392483	485	488	HCV	T005	C0220847
27392483	489	502	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27392483	531	548	anti-viral agents	T121	C0003451
27392483	554	573	replication complex	T026	C1167179
27392483	593	600	present	T033	C0150312
27392483	608	618	membranous	T080	C0205287
27392483	619	630	compartment	T082	C1948049
27392483	638	643	cells	T025	C0007634
27392483	651	667	lipid metabolism	T044	C0598783
27392483	668	678	modulators	T121	C1254351
27392483	702	710	regulate	T169	C2587213
27392483	711	725	virus assembly	T038	C0282629
27392483	730	733	HCV	T005	C0220847
27392483	734	745	replication	T043	C0042774
27392483	778	801	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	T116,T126	C0038233
27392483	803	806	SCD	T116,T126	C0038233
27392483	812	818	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27392483	823	861	long-chain mono-unsaturated fatty acid	T109,T123	C0015687
27392483	863	869	LCMUFA	T109,T123	C0015687
27392483	871	880	synthesis	T038	C0220781
27392483	891	897	factor	T169	C1521761
27392483	911	914	HCV	T005	C0220847
27392483	915	926	replication	T043	C0042774
27392483	927	937	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27392483	939	947	Systemic	T169	C0205373
27392483	948	959	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27392483	960	965	SCD-1	T116,T126	C0038233
27392483	966	973	inhibor	T121	C0014432
27392483	974	981	induces	T169	C0205263
27392483	987	999	side effects	T046	C0041755
27392483	1007	1011	eyes	T023	C0015392
27392483	1016	1020	skin	T022	C1123023
27392483	1028	1036	systemic	T169	C0205373
27392483	1037	1042	SCD-1	T116,T126	C0038233
27392483	1043	1053	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27392483	1058	1068	considered	T078	C0750591
27392483	1069	1082	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
27392483	1087	1090	HCV	T047	C4288963
27392483	1091	1098	therapy	T169	C0039798
27392483	1113	1125	side effects	T046	C0041755
27392483	1129	1137	systemic	T169	C0205373
27392483	1138	1143	SCD-1	T116,T126	C0038233
27392483	1144	1154	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27392483	1160	1165	liver	T023	C0023884
27392483	1168	1176	specific	T080	C0205369
27392483	1177	1182	SCD-1	T116,T126	C0038233
27392483	1183	1192	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27392483	1194	1200	MK8245	T109,T121	C3252063
27392483	1206	1217	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27392483	1229	1249	antidiabetic effects	T033	C0243095
27392483	1253	1261	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27392483	1262	1272	model mice	T015	C0025929
27392483	1278	1280	no	T033	C1513916
27392483	1281	1293	side effects	T046	C0041755
27392483	1302	1309	phase 1	T079	C0439559
27392483	1310	1324	clinical study	T062	C0008972
27392483	1328	1339	measurement	T169	C0242485
27392483	1343	1349	MK8245	T109,T121	C3252063
27392483	1350	1362	tolerability	T062	C3274448
27392483	1364	1378	no significant	T033	C1273937
27392483	1379	1391	side effects	T046	C0041755
27392483	1407	1425	ClinicalTrials.gov	T170	C4086204
27392483	1474	1479	liver	T023	C0023884
27392483	1482	1490	specific	T080	C0205369
27392483	1491	1496	SCD-1	T116,T126	C0038233
27392483	1497	1507	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27392483	1517	1525	suitable	T080	C3900053
27392483	1526	1532	agents	T121	C1254351
27392483	1537	1540	HCV	T005	C0220847
27392483	1543	1551	infected	T033	C0439663
27392483	1552	1560	patients	T101	C0030705
27392483	1562	1568	MK8245	T109,T121	C3252063
27392483	1589	1604	recombinant HCV	T005	C0597363
27392483	1605	1620	culture systems	T063	C1516329
27392483	1634	1641	current	T079	C0521116
27392483	1642	1645	HCV	T005	C0220847
27392483	1646	1656	treatments	T061	C0087111
27392483	1671	1680	emergence	T080	C0700364
27392483	1691	1708	anti-viral agents	T121	C0003451
27392483	1711	1720	resistant	T169	C0332325
27392483	1721	1728	viruses	T005	C0042776
27392483	1730	1749	combination therapy	T061	C0009429
27392483	1762	1779	anti-viral agents	T121	C0003451
27392483	1784	1788	host	T001	C1167395
27392483	1791	1799	targeted	T169	C1521840
27392483	1800	1806	agents	T121	C1254351
27392483	1816	1823	optimal	T080	C2698651
27392483	1849	1858	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27392483	1859	1865	MK8245	T109,T121	C3252063
27392483	1869	1877	additive	T080	C0442796
27392483	1881	1892	synergistic	T080	C2986495
27392483	1893	1909	anti-HCV effects	T033	C0243095
27392483	1928	1945	anti-viral agents	T121	C0003451
27392483	1950	1974	interferon-alpha therapy	T061	C0854621
27392483	1980	1987	results	T169	C1274040
27392483	2001	2007	MK8245	T109,T121	C3252063
27392483	2014	2020	option	T169	C1518601
27392483	2025	2033	anti-HCV	T033	C0243095
27392483	2034	2052	multi-drug therapy	T061	C0013216
27392483	2064	2068	risk	T078	C0035647
27392483	2072	2081	emergence	T080	C0700364
27392483	2085	2099	drug-resistant	T038	C0013203
27392483	2100	2103	HCV	T005	C0220847
27392483	2112	2123	significant	T078	C0750502
27392483	2124	2136	side effects	T046	C0041755

27392509|t|Relation of Left Ventricular Mass and Infarct Size in Anterior Wall ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (from the EMBRACE STEMI Clinical Trial)
27392509|a|Biomarker measures of infarct size and myocardial salvage index (MSI) are important surrogate measures of clinical outcomes after a myocardial infarction. However, there is variability in infarct size unaccounted for by conventional adjustment factors. This post hoc analysis of Evaluation of Myocardial Effects of Bendavia for Reducing Reperfusion Injury in Patients With Acute Coronary Events (EMBRACE) ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) trial evaluates the association between left ventricular (LV) mass and infarct size as assessed by areas under the curve for creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and troponin I release over the first 72 hours (CK-MB area under the curve [AUC] and troponin I [TnI] AUC) and the MSI. Patients with first anterior STEMI, occluded left anterior descending artery, and available LV mass measurement in EMBRACE STEMI trial were included (n = 100) (ClinicalTrials.govNCT01572909). MSI, end-diastolic LV mass on day 4 cardiac magnetic resonance, and CK-MB and troponin I concentrations were evaluated by a core laboratory. After saturated multivariate analysis, dominance analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of each independent variable to the predicted variance of each outcome. In multivariate models that included age, gender, body surface area, lesion location, smoking, and ischemia time, LV mass remained independently associated with biomarker measures of infarct size (CK-MB AUC p = 0.02, TnI AUC p = 0.03) and MSI (p = 0.003). Dominance analysis demonstrated that LV mass accounted for 58%, 47%, and 60% of the predicted variances for CK-MB AUC, TnI AUC, and MSI, respectively. In conclusion, LV mass accounts for approximately half of the predicted variance in biomarker measures of infarct size. It should be considered as an adjustment variable in studies evaluating infarct size.
27392509	12	33	Left Ventricular Mass	T033	C0455825
27392509	38	50	Infarct Size	T047	C0027051
27392509	54	116	Anterior Wall ST-Segment Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction	T047	C3839746
27392509	135	140	STEMI	T047	C1536220
27392509	141	155	Clinical Trial	T062	C0008976
27392509	157	166	Biomarker	T201	C0005516
27392509	167	175	measures	T081	C0079809
27392509	179	191	infarct size	T047	C0027051
27392509	196	220	myocardial salvage index	T081	C0392762
27392509	222	225	MSI	T081	C0392762
27392509	251	259	measures	T081	C0079809
27392509	263	271	clinical	T080	C0205210
27392509	272	280	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27392509	289	310	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27392509	345	357	infarct size	T047	C0027051
27392509	390	408	adjustment factors	T169	C1521761
27392509	415	432	post hoc analysis	T081,T170	C0026348
27392509	450	460	Myocardial	T024	C0027061
27392509	461	468	Effects	T080	C1280500
27392509	472	480	Bendavia	T116,T123	C3529756
27392509	494	512	Reperfusion Injury	T046	C0027055
27392509	516	524	Patients	T101	C0030705
27392509	530	551	Acute Coronary Events	T047	C0948089
27392509	562	604	ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction	T047	C1536220
27392509	606	611	STEMI	T047	C1536220
27392509	613	618	trial	T062	C0008976
27392509	653	679	left ventricular (LV) mass	T033	C0455825
27392509	684	696	infarct size	T047	C0027051
27392509	712	733	areas under the curve	T081	C0376690
27392509	738	756	creatine kinase-MB	T059	C0523584
27392509	758	763	CK-MB	T059	C0523584
27392509	769	779	troponin I	T116,T123	C0077401
27392509	769	787	troponin I release	T059	C0920210
27392509	806	811	hours	T079	C0439227
27392509	813	818	CK-MB	T059	C0523584
27392509	819	839	area under the curve	T081	C0376690
27392509	841	844	AUC	T081	C0376690
27392509	850	860	troponin I	T116,T123	C0077401
27392509	862	865	TnI	T116,T123	C0077401
27392509	867	870	AUC	T081	C0376690
27392509	880	883	MSI	T081	C0392762
27392509	885	893	Patients	T101	C0030705
27392509	905	919	anterior STEMI	T047	C3839746
27392509	921	929	occluded	T169	C1947917
27392509	930	961	left anterior descending artery	T023	C0226032
27392509	977	984	LV mass	T033	C0455825
27392509	985	996	measurement	T169	C0242485
27392509	1008	1013	STEMI	T047	C1536220
27392509	1014	1019	trial	T062	C0008976
27392509	1077	1080	MSI	T081	C0392762
27392509	1082	1095	end-diastolic	T201	C0442709
27392509	1096	1103	LV mass	T033	C0455825
27392509	1113	1139	cardiac magnetic resonance	T060	C0412692
27392509	1145	1150	CK-MB	T059	C0523584
27392509	1155	1165	troponin I	T116,T123	C0077401
27392509	1166	1180	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27392509	1201	1216	core laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27392509	1234	1255	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27392509	1257	1275	dominance analysis	T062	C0871424
27392509	1365	1373	variance	T080	C1711260
27392509	1394	1413	multivariate models	T081	C0026777
27392509	1428	1431	age	T032	C0001779
27392509	1433	1439	gender	T032	C0079399
27392509	1441	1458	body surface area	T032	C0005902
27392509	1460	1475	lesion location	T033	C2184261
27392509	1477	1484	smoking	T055	C0037369
27392509	1490	1498	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27392509	1499	1503	time	T079	C0040223
27392509	1505	1512	LV mass	T033	C0455825
27392509	1552	1561	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27392509	1562	1570	measures	T081	C0079809
27392509	1574	1586	infarct size	T047	C0027051
27392509	1588	1593	CK-MB	T059	C0523584
27392509	1594	1597	AUC	T081	C0376690
27392509	1608	1611	TnI	T116,T123	C0077401
27392509	1612	1615	AUC	T081	C0376690
27392509	1630	1633	MSI	T081	C0392762
27392509	1647	1665	Dominance analysis	T062	C0871424
27392509	1684	1691	LV mass	T033	C0455825
27392509	1741	1750	variances	T080	C1711260
27392509	1755	1760	CK-MB	T059	C0523584
27392509	1761	1764	AUC	T081	C0376690
27392509	1766	1769	TnI	T116,T123	C0077401
27392509	1770	1773	AUC	T081	C0376690
27392509	1779	1782	MSI	T081	C0392762
27392509	1813	1820	LV mass	T033	C0455825
27392509	1870	1878	variance	T080	C1711260
27392509	1882	1891	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27392509	1892	1900	measures	T081	C0079809
27392509	1904	1916	infarct size	T047	C0027051
27392509	1948	1967	adjustment variable	T169	C1521761
27392509	1971	1978	studies	T062	C2603343
27392509	1990	2002	infarct size	T047	C0027051

27392740|t|Hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) of livestock in Nicaragua, with notes about distribution
27392740|a|We document the species of ticks that parasitize livestock in Nicaragua. The study was based on tick collection on cattle and horses from 437 farms in nine departments. Of 4841 animals examined (4481 cows and 360 horses), 3299 were parasitized, which represent 68 % of the bovines and 67 % of the equines in study: 59 cows and 25 horses were parasitized by more than one species. In addition, 280 specimens of the entomological museum in León were examined. The ticks found on cattle were Rhipicephalus microplus (75.2 % of the ticks collected), Amblyomma mixtum (20.8 %), A. parvum (2.6 %), A. tenellum (0.7 %), A. maculatum (0.7 %). While the ticks collected from the horses were: Dermacentor nitens (41.5 %), A. mixtum (31.7 %), R. microplus (13.8 %), A. parvum (6.5 %), A. tenellum (3.3 %), D. dissimilis (2.4 %) and A. maculatum (0.8 %).
27392740	0	10	Hard ticks	T204	C0598741
27392740	12	27	Acari: Ixodidae	T204	C0598741
27392740	32	41	livestock	T008	C2936506
27392740	45	54	Nicaragua	T083	C0028002
27392740	61	66	notes	T170	C1317574
27392740	73	85	distribution	T169	C1704711
27392740	89	97	document	T170	C0920316
27392740	102	109	species	T185	C1705920
27392740	113	118	ticks	T204	C0040203
27392740	124	134	parasitize	T047	C1384353
27392740	135	144	livestock	T008	C2936506
27392740	148	157	Nicaragua	T083	C0028002
27392740	163	168	study	T062	C2603343
27392740	182	186	tick	T204	C0040203
27392740	187	197	collection	T169	C1516698
27392740	201	207	cattle	T015	C0007452
27392740	212	218	horses	T015	C0019944
27392740	228	233	farms	T082	C0557759
27392740	242	253	departments	T092	C1704729
27392740	263	270	animals	T008	C0003062
27392740	286	290	cows	T015	C0007452
27392740	299	305	horses	T015	C0019944
27392740	318	329	parasitized	T047	C1384353
27392740	359	366	bovines	T015	C3667982
27392740	383	390	equines	T015	C0019944
27392740	394	399	study	T062	C2603343
27392740	404	408	cows	T015	C0007452
27392740	416	422	horses	T015	C0019944
27392740	428	439	parasitized	T047	C1384353
27392740	457	464	species	T185	C1705920
27392740	483	492	specimens	T167	C0370003
27392740	500	513	entomological	T090	C0014386
27392740	514	520	museum	T073	C0026863
27392740	524	528	León	T083	C3814077
27392740	548	553	ticks	T204	C0040203
27392740	563	569	cattle	T015	C0007452
27392740	575	598	Rhipicephalus microplus	T204	C0323515
27392740	614	619	ticks	T204	C0040203
27392740	620	629	collected	T169	C1516698
27392740	632	648	Amblyomma mixtum	T204	C3989620
27392740	659	668	A. parvum	T204	C1667898
27392740	678	689	A. tenellum	T204	C1690769
27392740	699	711	A. maculatum	T204	C0323501
27392740	731	736	ticks	T204	C0040203
27392740	737	746	collected	T169	C1516698
27392740	756	762	horses	T015	C0019944
27392740	769	787	Dermacentor nitens	T204	C0323524
27392740	798	807	A. mixtum	T204	C3989620
27392740	818	830	R. microplus	T204	C0323515
27392740	841	850	A. parvum	T204	C1667898
27392740	860	871	A. tenellum	T204	C1690769
27392740	881	894	D. dissimilis	T204	C0011595
27392740	907	919	A. maculatum	T204	C0323501

27393222|t|Crocetin improves the quality of in vitro - produced bovine embryos: Implications for blastocyst development, cryotolerance, and apoptosis
27393222|a|The aim of this work was to assess the effect of supplementation of bovine culture medium with the natural antioxidant crocetin on in vitro blastocyst development and quality. This was evaluated as cryotolerance, apoptosis index, and total cells number and allocation. Abattoir -derived oocytes were matured and fertilized in vitro according to standard procedure. Twenty hours after IVF, presumptive zygotes were cultured in synthetic oviduct fluid medium, supplemented with 0, 1, 2.5, and 5 μM crocetin (experiment 1) at 39 °C under humidified air with 5% CO2, 7% O2, and 88% N2. On Day 7, embryo yields were assessed and the blastocysts were vitrified by Cryotop method in 16.5% ethylene glycol, 16.5% DMSO, and 0.5 M sucrose. Finally, blastocysts produced on Day 8 in the absence (control) and presence of 1 μM crocetin were used for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling and differential staining to evaluate, respectively, the apoptotic rate and the allocation of cells into inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) lineages (experiment 2). Embryo development was higher in the 1 μM crocetin group compared to the control, both in terms of total embryo output (37.7 ± 4.2%, 52.9 ± 6.3%, 40.9 ± 7.6%, and 42.4 ± 8.7%, respectively, with 0, 1, 2.5, and 5 μM; P < 0.01) and grade 1 and 2 blastocysts (33.6 ± 4.9%, 46.1 ± 7.3%, 37.8 ± 7.9%, and 39.4 ± 7.9%, respectively, with 0, 1, 2.5, and 5 μM; P < 0.05). Moreover, the percentage of fast-developing embryos increased in 1 μM crocetin group compared to the control (23.4 ± 4.7%, 32.7 ± 6.6%, 27.2 ± 6.6%, and 30.1 ± 7.2%, respectively, with 0, 1, 2.5, and 5 μM; P < 0.05). In addition, the enrichment of culture medium with 1 μM crocetin improved embryo cryotolerance compared to the control, as indicated by higher hatching rates recorded after 48 hours postwarming culture (46.5% vs. 60.4%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, 1 μM crocetin decreased both the average number (9.9 ± 0.4 vs. 7.1 ± 0.3) and the percentage of apoptotic cells (7.1 ± 0.4 vs. 4.2 ± 0.2) in blastocysts compared to the control (P < 0.01). However, no differences were recorded in the average number of ICM, TE, and total cells between 1 μM crocetin and control groups. In conclusion, the enrichment of bovine culture medium with 1 μM crocetin increased both blastocyst yield and quality, as indicated by the improved chronology of embryo development, increased resistance to cryopreservation, and reduced incidence of apoptosis.
27393222	0	8	Crocetin	T109,T121	C0056501
27393222	9	17	improves	T033	C0184511
27393222	22	29	quality	T080	C0332306
27393222	33	41	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27393222	44	52	produced	T169	C0205245
27393222	53	59	bovine	T015	C3667982
27393222	60	67	embryos	T018	C0013935
27393222	86	108	blastocyst development	T039	C1326531
27393222	110	123	cryotolerance	T080	C1704410
27393222	129	138	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27393222	167	173	assess	T058	C0184514
27393222	178	184	effect	T080	C1280500
27393222	188	203	supplementation	T061	C0087111
27393222	207	213	bovine	T015	C3667982
27393222	214	228	culture medium	T130	C0010454
27393222	238	257	natural antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27393222	258	266	crocetin	T109,T121	C0056501
27393222	270	278	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27393222	279	301	blastocyst development	T039	C1326531
27393222	306	313	quality	T080	C0332306
27393222	324	333	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27393222	337	350	cryotolerance	T080	C1704410
27393222	352	367	apoptosis index	T170	C0918012
27393222	373	391	total cells number	T059	C0007584
27393222	396	406	allocation	T052	C1706778
27393222	408	416	Abattoir	T073	C0000715
27393222	426	433	oocytes	T025	C0029045
27393222	439	446	matured	T079	C0205286
27393222	451	461	fertilized	T169	C0232904
27393222	462	470	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27393222	484	502	standard procedure	T077	C1710183
27393222	511	516	hours	T079	C0439227
27393222	523	526	IVF	T061	C0015915
27393222	528	539	presumptive	T080	C3640893
27393222	540	547	zygotes	T018	C0043544
27393222	553	561	cultured	T059	C0430400
27393222	565	582	synthetic oviduct	T023	C0029954
27393222	583	595	fluid medium	T167	C1705217
27393222	635	643	crocetin	T109,T121	C0056501
27393222	674	688	humidified air	T061	C0508271
27393222	697	700	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27393222	705	707	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27393222	717	719	N2	T123,T196	C0028158
27393222	724	727	Day	T079	C0439228
27393222	731	744	embryo yields	T081	C0392762
27393222	750	758	assessed	T052	C1516048
27393222	767	778	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
27393222	797	811	Cryotop method	T170	C0025663
27393222	821	836	ethylene glycol	T109,T131	C0015083
27393222	844	848	DMSO	T109,T121	C0012403
27393222	860	867	sucrose	T109,T121,T123	C0038636
27393222	878	889	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
27393222	902	905	Day	T079	C0439228
27393222	915	922	absence	T169	C0332197
27393222	924	931	control	T096	C0009932
27393222	937	945	presence	T033	C0150312
27393222	954	962	crocetin	T109,T121	C0056501
27393222	977	1047	terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling	T063	C1515232
27393222	1052	1073	differential staining	T059	C0487602
27393222	1077	1085	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27393222	1105	1119	apoptotic rate	T081	C1521828
27393222	1128	1138	allocation	T052	C1706778
27393222	1142	1147	cells	T025	C0007634
27393222	1153	1168	inner cell mass	T018	C1283994
27393222	1170	1173	ICM	T018	C1283994
27393222	1179	1192	trophectoderm	T018	C0041178
27393222	1194	1196	TE	T018	C0041178
27393222	1198	1206	lineages	T077	C1881379
27393222	1223	1241	Embryo development	T042	C0013936
27393222	1265	1279	crocetin group	T078	C0441833
27393222	1296	1303	control	T096	C0009932
27393222	1322	1327	total	T080	C0439810
27393222	1328	1334	embryo	T018	C0013935
27393222	1335	1341	output	T033	C4263297
27393222	1453	1460	grade 1	T185	C1275673
27393222	1465	1466	2	T185	C1275673
27393222	1467	1478	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
27393222	1601	1611	percentage	T078	C1549488
27393222	1615	1638	fast-developing embryos	T042	C0013936
27393222	1639	1648	increased	T081	C0205217
27393222	1657	1671	crocetin group	T078	C0441833
27393222	1688	1695	control	T096	C0009932
27393222	1821	1849	enrichment of culture medium	T130	C3503937
27393222	1860	1868	crocetin	T109,T121	C0056501
27393222	1869	1877	improved	T033	C0184511
27393222	1878	1884	embryo	T018	C0013935
27393222	1885	1898	cryotolerance	T080	C1704410
27393222	1915	1922	control	T096	C0009932
27393222	1947	1955	hatching	T040	C0598016
27393222	1956	1961	rates	T081	C1521828
27393222	1980	1985	hours	T079	C0439227
27393222	1986	2005	postwarming culture	T130	C0010454
27393222	2053	2061	crocetin	T109,T121	C0056501
27393222	2062	2071	decreased	T081	C0205216
27393222	2130	2140	percentage	T078	C1549488
27393222	2144	2153	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
27393222	2154	2159	cells	T025	C0007634
27393222	2189	2200	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
27393222	2217	2224	control	T096	C0009932
27393222	2300	2303	ICM	T018	C1283994
27393222	2305	2307	TE	T018	C0041178
27393222	2313	2318	total	T080	C0439810
27393222	2313	2318	total	T080	C0439810
27393222	2319	2324	cells	T025	C0007634
27393222	2338	2346	crocetin	T109,T121	C0056501
27393222	2351	2358	control	T096	C0009932
27393222	2386	2421	enrichment of bovine culture medium	T130	C3503937
27393222	2432	2440	crocetin	T109,T121	C0056501
27393222	2441	2450	increased	T081	C0205217
27393222	2456	2472	blastocyst yield	T081	C0392762
27393222	2477	2484	quality	T080	C0332306
27393222	2506	2514	improved	T033	C0184511
27393222	2515	2525	chronology	T170	C0008717
27393222	2529	2547	embryo development	T042	C0013936
27393222	2549	2558	increased	T081	C0205217
27393222	2559	2569	resistance	T169	C4281815
27393222	2573	2589	cryopreservation	T059	C0519951
27393222	2595	2612	reduced incidence	T081	C0021149
27393222	2616	2625	apoptosis	T043	C0162638

27393252|t|Parkinson subtype -specific Granger-causal coupling and coherence frequency in the subthalamic area
27393252|a|Previous work on Parkinson's disease (PD) has indicated a predominantly afferent coupling between affected arm muscle activity and electrophysiological activity within the subthalamic nucleus (STN). So far, no information is available indicating which frequency components drive the afferent information flow in PD patients. Non-directional coupling e.g. by measuring coherence is primarily established in the beta band as well as at tremor frequency. Based on previous evidence it is likely that different subtypes of the disease are associated with different connectivity patterns. Therefore, we determined coherence and causality between local field potentials (LFPs) in the STN and surface electromyograms (EMGs) from the contralateral arm in 18 akinetic-rigid (AR) PD patients and 8 tremor-dominant (TD) PD patients. During the intraoperative recording, patients were asked to lift their forearm contralateral to the recording side. Significantly more afferent connections were detected for the TD patients for tremor -periods and non- tremor -periods combined as well as for only tremor periods. Within the STN 74% and 63% of the afferent connections are associated with coherence from 4-8Hz and 8-12Hz, respectively. However, when considering only tremor -periods significantly more afferent than efferent connections were associated with coherence from 12 to 20Hz across all recording heights. No difference between efferent and afferent connections is seen in the frequency range from 4 to 12Hz for all recording heights. For the AR patients, no significant difference in afferent and efferent connections within the STN was found for the different frequency bands. Still, for the AR patients dorsal of the STN significantly more afferent than efferent connections were associated with coherence in the frequency range from 12 to 16Hz. These results provide further evidence for the differential pathological oscillations and pathways present in AR and TD Parkinson patients.
27393252	0	9	Parkinson	T047	C0030567
27393252	10	17	subtype	T185	C0872379
27393252	28	51	Granger-causal coupling	T062	C0242481
27393252	56	65	coherence	T041	C3178983
27393252	83	94	subthalamic	T023	C1281060
27393252	117	136	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27393252	138	140	PD	T047	C0030567
27393252	172	180	afferent	T082	C0205115
27393252	181	189	coupling	T169	C1948027
27393252	207	210	arm	T023	C1269078
27393252	211	226	muscle activity	T040	C2265874
27393252	231	260	electrophysiological activity	T040	C2350528
27393252	272	291	subthalamic nucleus	T023	C1281060
27393252	293	296	STN	T023	C1281060
27393252	383	391	afferent	T082	C0205115
27393252	392	408	information flow	T052	C0021418
27393252	412	414	PD	T047	C0030567
27393252	415	423	patients	T101	C0030705
27393252	468	477	coherence	T041	C3178983
27393252	510	519	beta band	T026	C0230715
27393252	534	540	tremor	T184	C0040822
27393252	541	550	frequency	T079	C0439603
27393252	607	615	subtypes	T185	C0872379
27393252	623	630	disease	T047	C0012634
27393252	635	650	associated with	T080	C0332281
27393252	661	673	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27393252	674	682	patterns	T082	C0449774
27393252	709	718	coherence	T041	C3178983
27393252	741	763	local field potentials	T040	C2350528
27393252	765	769	LFPs	T040	C2350528
27393252	778	781	STN	T023	C1281060
27393252	794	809	electromyograms	T033	C4085371
27393252	811	815	EMGs	T033	C4085371
27393252	826	843	contralateral arm	T082	C0442306
27393252	850	864	akinetic-rigid	T047	C1446219
27393252	866	868	AR	T047	C1446219
27393252	870	872	PD	T047	C0030567
27393252	873	881	patients	T101	C0030705
27393252	888	903	tremor-dominant	T047	C0856077
27393252	905	907	TD	T047	C0856077
27393252	909	911	PD	T047	C0030567
27393252	912	920	patients	T101	C0030705
27393252	933	947	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27393252	959	967	patients	T101	C0030705
27393252	993	1000	forearm	T023	C0016536
27393252	1001	1014	contralateral	T082	C0442306
27393252	1057	1065	afferent	T082	C0205115
27393252	1066	1077	connections	T082	C0449379
27393252	1100	1102	TD	T047	C0856077
27393252	1103	1111	patients	T101	C0030705
27393252	1116	1122	tremor	T184	C0040822
27393252	1141	1147	tremor	T184	C0040822
27393252	1186	1192	tremor	T184	C0040822
27393252	1213	1216	STN	T023	C1281060
27393252	1236	1244	afferent	T082	C0205115
27393252	1245	1256	connections	T082	C0449379
27393252	1261	1276	associated with	T080	C0332281
27393252	1277	1286	coherence	T041	C3178983
27393252	1355	1361	tremor	T184	C0040822
27393252	1390	1398	afferent	T082	C0205115
27393252	1404	1412	efferent	T082	C0205116
27393252	1413	1424	connections	T082	C0449379
27393252	1430	1445	associated with	T080	C0332281
27393252	1446	1455	coherence	T041	C3178983
27393252	1524	1532	efferent	T082	C0205116
27393252	1537	1545	afferent	T082	C0205115
27393252	1546	1557	connections	T082	C0449379
27393252	1573	1582	frequency	T080	C1561548
27393252	1583	1588	range	T081	C1514721
27393252	1639	1641	AR	T047	C1446219
27393252	1642	1650	patients	T101	C0030705
27393252	1681	1689	afferent	T082	C0205115
27393252	1694	1702	efferent	T082	C0205116
27393252	1703	1714	connections	T082	C0449379
27393252	1726	1729	STN	T023	C1281060
27393252	1758	1773	frequency bands	T082	C0439645
27393252	1790	1792	AR	T047	C1446219
27393252	1793	1801	patients	T101	C0030705
27393252	1802	1808	dorsal	T082	C0205095
27393252	1816	1819	STN	T023	C1281060
27393252	1839	1847	afferent	T082	C0205115
27393252	1853	1861	efferent	T082	C0205116
27393252	1862	1873	connections	T082	C0449379
27393252	1879	1894	associated with	T080	C0332281
27393252	1895	1904	coherence	T041	C3178983
27393252	2005	2030	pathological oscillations	T169	C1521733
27393252	2035	2043	pathways	T169	C1521733
27393252	2055	2057	AR	T047	C1446219
27393252	2062	2064	TD	T047	C0856077
27393252	2065	2074	Parkinson	T047	C0030567
27393252	2075	2083	patients	T101	C0030705

27393884|t|Incidence and growth of Salmonella enterica on the peel and pulp of avocado (Persea americana) and custard apple (Annona squamosa)
27393884|a|The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and to estimate the growth kinetic parameters (maximum growth rate, μ; lag time, λ; and maximum population, κ) of Salmonella on the peel and pulp of avocado (Perseaamericana var. americana) and custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) as affected by temperature (10-30°C). The incidence of Salmonella was assessed on the peel and pulp of the fruits (n=200 of each fruit), separately, totalizing 800 analyses. Only three samples of custard apple pulp were positive for Salmonella enterica and the three isolates recovered belonged to serotype S. Typhimurium. Salmonella was not recovered from avocado and custard apple peel s and from avocado pulp. Generally, the substrate (pulp or peel) of growth did not affect μ values of S. enterica (p>0.05). Very similar μ values were found for S. enterica inoculated in custard apple and avocado. S. enterica presented the highest λ in the peel of the fruits. The growth of S. enterica resulted in larger λ in custard apple in comparison to avocado. For example, the λ of S. enterica in the pulp of custard apple and avocado were 47.0±0.78h and 10.0±3.78h, respectively. The lowest values of κ were obtained at the lower storage temperature conditions (10°C). For instance, κ values of 3.7±0.06log CFU/g and 2.9±0.03log CFU/g were obtained from the growth of S. enterica in avocado and custard apple pulps at 10°C (p<0.05), respectively. On the other hand, at 30°C, κ values were 6.5±0.25log CFU/g and 6.5±0.05log CFU/g, respectively. Significantly higher κ were obtained from the growth of S. enterica in the pulp than in the peel of the fruits (p<0.05). For instance, the growth of S. enterica in the pulp of avocado led to a κ value of 6.5±0.25log CFU/g, while in the peel led to a κ value of 4.6±0.23log CFU/g (p<0.05). In general, growth kinetic parameters indicated that avocado comprises a better substrate than custard apple for the growth of S. enterica. The square root model fitted to the data obtained in this study and to the growth data available in the literature for other tropical low acid fruits indicated high variability in μ and λ of Salmonella. The results obtained in this study show that whole low acid tropical fruits can harbor Salmonella, and that this foodborne pathogen can not only survive but also grow both on the peel and pulp of low acid tropical fruits, such as avocado and custard apple.
27393884	0	9	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27393884	14	20	growth	T040	C0178747
27393884	24	43	Salmonella enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	51	55	peel	T168	C0016767
27393884	60	64	pulp	T168	C0016767
27393884	68	75	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	77	93	Persea americana	T002	C0949120
27393884	99	112	custard apple	T168	C0016767
27393884	114	129	Annona squamosa	T002	C1947947
27393884	147	152	study	T062	C2603343
27393884	160	166	assess	T052	C1516048
27393884	171	180	incidence	T081	C0021149
27393884	188	196	estimate	T081	C0750572
27393884	201	226	growth kinetic parameters	T081	C0392762
27393884	228	247	maximum growth rate	T079	C0449249
27393884	249	250	μ	T079	C0449249
27393884	252	260	lag time	T079	C0040223
27393884	262	263	λ	T079	C0040223
27393884	269	287	maximum population	T081	C0032685
27393884	289	290	κ	T081	C0032685
27393884	295	305	Salmonella	T007	C0445750
27393884	313	317	peel	T168	C0016767
27393884	322	326	pulp	T168	C0016767
27393884	330	337	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	339	369	Perseaamericana var. americana	T002	C0949120
27393884	375	388	custard apple	T168	C0016767
27393884	390	408	Annona squamosa L.	T002	C1947947
27393884	425	436	temperature	T081	C0039476
27393884	452	461	incidence	T081	C0021149
27393884	465	475	Salmonella	T007	C0445750
27393884	480	488	assessed	T052	C1516048
27393884	496	500	peel	T168	C0016767
27393884	505	509	pulp	T168	C0016767
27393884	517	523	fruits	T168	C0016767
27393884	539	544	fruit	T168	C0016767
27393884	606	619	custard apple	T168	C0016767
27393884	620	624	pulp	T168	C0016767
27393884	643	662	Salmonella enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	677	685	isolates	T123	C1764827
27393884	708	716	serotype	T170	C0449943
27393884	717	731	S. Typhimurium	T007	C0036126
27393884	733	743	Salmonella	T007	C0445750
27393884	752	761	recovered	T080	C0521108
27393884	767	774	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	779	792	custard apple	T168	C0016767
27393884	793	797	peel	T168	C0016767
27393884	809	816	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	817	821	pulp	T168	C0016767
27393884	838	847	substrate	T167	C3891814
27393884	849	853	pulp	T168	C0016767
27393884	857	861	peel	T168	C0016767
27393884	888	889	μ	T079	C0449249
27393884	900	911	S. enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	935	936	μ	T079	C0449249
27393884	959	970	S. enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	971	981	inoculated	T169	C1292748
27393884	985	998	custard apple	T168	C0016767
27393884	1003	1010	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	1012	1023	S. enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	1046	1047	λ	T079	C0040223
27393884	1055	1059	peel	T168	C0016767
27393884	1079	1085	growth	T040	C0178747
27393884	1089	1100	S. enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	1120	1121	λ	T079	C0040223
27393884	1125	1138	custard apple	T168	C0016767
27393884	1156	1163	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	1182	1183	λ	T079	C0040223
27393884	1187	1198	S. enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	1206	1210	pulp	T168	C0016767
27393884	1214	1227	custard apple	T168	C0016767
27393884	1232	1239	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	1307	1308	κ	T081	C0032685
27393884	1330	1355	lower storage temperature	T081	C0039476
27393884	1389	1390	κ	T081	C0032685
27393884	1413	1418	CFU/g	T081	C0439362
27393884	1435	1440	CFU/g	T081	C0439362
27393884	1464	1470	growth	T040	C0178747
27393884	1474	1485	S. enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	1489	1496	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	1501	1514	custard apple	T168	C0016767
27393884	1515	1520	pulps	T168	C0016767
27393884	1581	1582	κ	T081	C0032685
27393884	1607	1612	CFU/g	T081	C0439362
27393884	1629	1634	CFU/g	T081	C0439362
27393884	1671	1672	κ	T081	C0032685
27393884	1696	1702	growth	T040	C0178747
27393884	1706	1717	S. enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	1725	1729	pulp	T168	C0016767
27393884	1742	1746	peel	T168	C0016767
27393884	1754	1760	fruits	T168	C0016767
27393884	1789	1795	growth	T040	C0178747
27393884	1799	1810	S. enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	1818	1822	pulp	T168	C0016767
27393884	1826	1833	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	1843	1844	κ	T081	C0032685
27393884	1866	1871	CFU/g	T081	C0439362
27393884	1886	1890	peel	T168	C0016767
27393884	1900	1901	κ	T081	C0032685
27393884	1923	1928	CFU/g	T081	C0439362
27393884	1951	1976	growth kinetic parameters	T081	C0392762
27393884	1992	1999	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	2019	2028	substrate	T167	C3891814
27393884	2034	2047	custard apple	T168	C0016767
27393884	2056	2062	growth	T040	C0178747
27393884	2066	2077	S. enterica	T007	C0445750
27393884	2083	2100	square root model	T170	C3161035
27393884	2115	2119	data	T078	C1511726
27393884	2137	2142	study	T062	C2603343
27393884	2154	2165	growth data	T078	C1511726
27393884	2204	2228	tropical low acid fruits	T168	C0016767
27393884	2244	2255	variability	T077	C2827666
27393884	2259	2260	μ	T079	C0449249
27393884	2265	2266	λ	T079	C0040223
27393884	2270	2280	Salmonella	T007	C0445750
27393884	2311	2316	study	T062	C2603343
27393884	2333	2357	low acid tropical fruits	T168	C0016767
27393884	2369	2379	Salmonella	T007	C0445750
27393884	2395	2404	foodborne	T169	C3242390
27393884	2405	2413	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27393884	2461	2465	peel	T168	C0016767
27393884	2470	2474	pulp	T168	C0016767
27393884	2478	2502	low acid tropical fruits	T168	C0016767
27393884	2512	2519	avocado	T168	C0330230
27393884	2524	2537	custard apple	T168	C0016767

27394010|t|Photocatalytic and antibacterial response of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles
27394010|a|Increase in the bacterial resistance to available antibiotics and water contamination by different toxic organic dyes are both severe problems throughout the world. To overcome these concerns, new methodologies including synthesis of nontoxic, human friendly and efficient nanoparticles is required. These nanoparticles not even inhibit the growth of microorganisms but are also effective in the degradation of toxic organics in waste water thus providing a clean and human friendly environment. The use of plants extracts to synthesize and stabilize noble metal nanoparticles have been considered as safe, cost-effective, eco-benign and green approach nowadays. In the present study, Longan fruit juice proficiently reduced ionic gold (Au(+3)) to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well as mediated the stabilization of AuNPs. The antibacterial activity of AuNPs was carried out against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method, followed by the determination of Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. AuNPs were found to have significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli with MIC values of 75μg/ml while outstanding MIC values of 50μg/ml against Staphylococcus areous and Basilus subtilus. AuNPs revealed significant photocatalytic degradation (76%) of methylene blue in time period of 55 min, indicating the effective photocatalytic property of biosynthesized AuNPs (K=0.29/min, r(2)=0.95). The considerable antibacterial and photocatalytic activities of the photosynthesized AuNPs can be attributed towards their small size, spherical morphology and uniform dispersion. Our finding suggests the possible therapeutic potential of biogenic AuNPs in the development of new antibacterial agents as well as in the development of effective photocatalysts.
27394010	0	14	Photocatalytic	T169	C1264638
27394010	19	41	antibacterial response	T033	C0243095
27394010	45	59	biosynthesized	T052	C1883254
27394010	60	64	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27394010	65	78	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27394010	79	87	Increase	T169	C0442805
27394010	95	115	bacterial resistance	T046	C0151521
27394010	129	140	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27394010	145	164	water contamination	T069	C0043056
27394010	168	177	different	T080	C1705242
27394010	178	183	toxic	T080	C1407029
27394010	184	196	organic dyes	T109,T130	C1288291
27394010	206	212	severe	T080	C0205082
27394010	213	221	problems	T033	C0033213
27394010	237	242	world	T082	C1254362
27394010	247	255	overcome	T052	C2983310
27394010	262	270	concerns	T078	C2699424
27394010	276	289	methodologies	T062	C0015194
27394010	300	309	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27394010	313	321	nontoxic	T080	C1518413
27394010	323	328	human	T016	C0086418
27394010	329	337	friendly	T080	C2700214
27394010	342	351	efficient	T080	C0442799
27394010	352	365	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27394010	369	377	required	T169	C1514873
27394010	385	398	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27394010	408	415	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27394010	420	444	growth of microorganisms	T040	C0178747
27394010	458	467	effective	T080	C1704419
27394010	475	486	degradation	T169	C0243125
27394010	490	495	toxic	T080	C1407029
27394010	496	504	organics	T109,T130	C1288291
27394010	508	519	waste water	T083	C0450237
27394010	537	542	clean	T052	C1947930
27394010	547	552	human	T016	C0086418
27394010	553	573	friendly environment	T082	C0557743
27394010	586	601	plants extracts	T123	C0032081
27394010	605	615	synthesize	T052	C1883254
27394010	620	629	stabilize	T033	C0184512
27394010	636	655	metal nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27394010	666	676	considered	T078	C0750591
27394010	686	700	cost-effective	T081	C0010181
27394010	702	712	eco-benign	T080	C0205556
27394010	717	731	green approach	T082	C0449445
27394010	764	770	Longan	T002	C1061744
27394010	771	782	fruit juice	T123	C0032081
27394010	796	803	reduced	T080	C0392756
27394010	804	814	ionic gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27394010	815	823	(Au(+3))	T121,T196	C0018026
27394010	827	831	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27394010	832	845	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27394010	847	852	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27394010	878	891	stabilization	T169	C0205245
27394010	895	900	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27394010	906	928	antibacterial activity	T033	C0243095
27394010	932	937	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27394010	954	961	against	T080	C0521124
27394010	967	980	gram positive	T007	C0018154
27394010	985	1007	gram negative bacteria	T007	C0018150
27394010	1014	1040	agar well diffusion method	T059	C1441457
27394010	1075	1107	Minimum inhibitory concentration	T059	C0427978
27394010	1109	1112	MIC	T059	C0427978
27394010	1114	1120	values	T081	C1522609
27394010	1122	1127	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27394010	1133	1138	found	T033	C0150312
27394010	1147	1158	significant	T078	C0750502
27394010	1159	1181	antibacterial activity	T033	C0243095
27394010	1182	1189	against	T080	C0521124
27394010	1190	1206	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27394010	1212	1215	MIC	T059	C0427978
27394010	1216	1222	values	T081	C1522609
27394010	1252	1255	MIC	T059	C0427978
27394010	1256	1262	values	T081	C1522609
27394010	1274	1281	against	T080	C0521124
27394010	1282	1303	Staphylococcus areous	T007	C0038172
27394010	1308	1324	Basilus subtilus	T007	C0004595
27394010	1326	1331	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27394010	1332	1340	revealed	T080	C0443289
27394010	1341	1352	significant	T078	C0750502
27394010	1353	1367	photocatalytic	T169	C1264638
27394010	1368	1379	degradation	T169	C0243125
27394010	1389	1403	methylene blue	T109,T121,T130	C0025746
27394010	1407	1418	time period	T079	C1948053
27394010	1425	1428	min	T079	C0439232
27394010	1445	1454	effective	T080	C1704419
27394010	1455	1478	photocatalytic property	T169	C1264638
27394010	1482	1496	biosynthesized	T052	C1883254
27394010	1497	1502	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27394010	1545	1558	antibacterial	T033	C0243095
27394010	1563	1588	photocatalytic activities	T169	C1264638
27394010	1596	1612	photosynthesized	T052	C1883254
27394010	1613	1618	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27394010	1651	1661	small size	T033	C0748864
27394010	1663	1683	spherical morphology	T082	C0332501
27394010	1688	1706	uniform dispersion	T052	C3266814
27394010	1742	1753	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27394010	1754	1763	potential	T080	C3245505
27394010	1767	1781	biogenic AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27394010	1789	1800	development	T169	C1527148
27394010	1808	1828	antibacterial agents	T195	C0279516
27394010	1847	1858	development	T169	C1527148
27394010	1862	1871	effective	T080	C1704419
27394010	1872	1886	photocatalysts	T067	C0175921

27394375|t|Ictal unilateral blinking is an unreliable lateralizing sign in tuberous sclerosis complex
27394375|a|Ictal unilateral blinking is an uncommon but reportedly reliable lateralizing sign, indicating an ipsilateral seizure focus. We aimed to determine its lateralizing utility in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). We reviewed the video-EEGs of 92 children with TSC and drug-resistant epilepsy. Eleven (12%) had seizures with unilateral blinking, of which 10 underwent epilepsy surgery. Lateralization of seizures was inferred from other semiology, ictal scalp EEG and outcome following tuberectomy. Seizures manifesting with unilateral blinking were focal motor in four patients, focal motor evolving into epileptic spasms in six, and epileptic spasms with focal features in one. Associated unilateral facial contraction was seen in five patients and arm jerking in four. Lateralized scalp ictal rhythms were seen in seven patients. Following tuberectomies, seven patients are seizure free and two had >90% reduction. Overall lateralization of seizures with unilateral blinking was contralateral in six patients and ipsilateral in four. When unilateral blinking was early in seizures, overall lateralization was more often contralateral (6/7 patients, PPV 85%). Ictal unilateral blinking is not infrequent but unreliable in lateralizing seizures in TSC. Unrecognized seizure propagation to contralateral symptomatogenic regions and potentially different mechanisms may account for the variable lateralization.
27394375	0	5	Ictal	T184	C0036572
27394375	6	16	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27394375	17	25	blinking	T042	C0005757
27394375	32	42	unreliable	T078	C0749770
27394375	43	60	lateralizing sign	T033	C2139233
27394375	64	90	tuberous sclerosis complex	T191	C0041341
27394375	91	96	Ictal	T184	C0036572
27394375	97	107	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27394375	108	116	blinking	T042	C0005757
27394375	123	131	uncommon	T080	C0522498
27394375	156	173	lateralizing sign	T033	C2139233
27394375	189	200	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27394375	201	214	seizure focus	T184	C0036572
27394375	242	262	lateralizing utility	T033	C2139233
27394375	266	274	patients	T101	C0030705
27394375	280	306	tuberous sclerosis complex	T191	C0041341
27394375	308	311	TSC	T191	C0041341
27394375	330	340	video-EEGs	T060	C0430801
27394375	347	355	children	T100	C0008059
27394375	361	364	TSC	T191	C0041341
27394375	369	392	drug-resistant epilepsy	T047	C1096063
27394375	411	419	seizures	T184	C0036572
27394375	425	435	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27394375	436	444	blinking	T042	C0005757
27394375	468	476	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27394375	477	484	surgery	T061	C0543467
27394375	486	500	Lateralization	T033	C2139233
27394375	504	512	seizures	T184	C0036572
27394375	537	546	semiology	T033	C4013974
27394375	548	553	ictal	T184	C0036572
27394375	554	563	scalp EEG	T060	C0430784
27394375	568	575	outcome	T169	C1274040
27394375	586	597	tuberectomy	T061	C0087111
27394375	599	607	Seizures	T184	C0036572
27394375	625	635	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27394375	636	644	blinking	T042	C0005757
27394375	650	661	focal motor	T033	C3551483
27394375	670	678	patients	T101	C0030705
27394375	680	691	focal motor	T184	C3697219
27394375	706	722	epileptic spasms	T047	C1527366
27394375	735	751	epileptic spasms	T047	C1527366
27394375	757	771	focal features	T033	C1848821
27394375	791	801	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27394375	802	820	facial contraction	T047	C0270871
27394375	838	846	patients	T101	C0030705
27394375	851	862	arm jerking	T033	C0231530
27394375	872	883	Lateralized	T033	C2139233
27394375	884	889	scalp	T023	C0036270
27394375	890	895	ictal	T184	C0036572
27394375	896	903	rhythms	T033	C0871269
27394375	923	931	patients	T101	C0030705
27394375	943	956	tuberectomies	T061	C0087111
27394375	964	972	patients	T101	C0030705
27394375	977	989	seizure free	T033	C1299590
27394375	1007	1016	reduction	T080	C0392756
27394375	1018	1040	Overall lateralization	T033	C2139233
27394375	1044	1052	seizures	T184	C0036572
27394375	1058	1068	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27394375	1069	1077	blinking	T042	C0005757
27394375	1082	1095	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27394375	1103	1111	patients	T101	C0030705
27394375	1142	1152	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27394375	1153	1161	blinking	T042	C0005757
27394375	1175	1183	seizures	T184	C0036572
27394375	1185	1207	overall lateralization	T033	C2139233
27394375	1223	1236	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27394375	1242	1250	patients	T101	C0030705
27394375	1262	1267	Ictal	T184	C0036572
27394375	1268	1278	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27394375	1279	1287	blinking	T042	C0005757
27394375	1291	1305	not infrequent	T079	C0332183
27394375	1310	1320	unreliable	T078	C0749770
27394375	1324	1336	lateralizing	T033	C2139233
27394375	1337	1345	seizures	T184	C0036572
27394375	1349	1352	TSC	T191	C0041341
27394375	1354	1366	Unrecognized	T080	C4288068
27394375	1367	1374	seizure	T184	C0036572
27394375	1375	1386	propagation	T169	C0205245
27394375	1390	1403	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27394375	1404	1427	symptomatogenic regions	T082	C0205147
27394375	1454	1464	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27394375	1485	1493	variable	T080	C0439828
27394375	1494	1508	lateralization	T033	C2139233

27394918|t|Assessment the Exposure Level of Rare Earth Elements in Workers Producing Cerium, Lanthanum Oxide Ultrafine and Nanoparticles
27394918|a|In order to assess occupational exposure level of 15 rare earth elements (REEs) and identify the associated influence, we used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) based on closed - vessel microwave - assisted wet digestion procedure to determinate the concentration of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu in urinary samples obtained from workers producing ultrafine and nanoparticles containing cerium and lanthanum oxide. The results suggest that La and Ce were the primary component, together accounting for 97 % of total REEs in workers. The urinary levels of La, and Ce among the workers (6.36, 15.32 μg.g(-1) creatinine, respectively) were significantly enriched compared to those levels measured in the control subjects (1.52, 4.04 μg.g(-1) creatinine, respectively) (p < 0.05). This study simultaneously identified the associated individual factors, the results indicate that the concentrations in over 5 years group (11.64 ± 10.93 for La, 27.83 ± 24.38 for Ce) were significantly elevated compared to 1-5 years group (2.58 ± 1.51 for La, 6.87 ± 3.90 for Ce) (p < 0.05). Compared the urinary levels of La and Ce at the separation and packaging locations (9.10 ± 9.51 for La, 22.29 ± 21.01 for Ce) with the other locations (2.85 ± 0.98 for La, 6.37 ± 2.12 for Ce), the results show urinary concentrations were significantly higher in workers at separation and packaging locations (p < 0.01). Inter - individual variation in levels of La and Ce in urine is the result of multi-factorial comprehensive action. Further researches should focus on the multiple factors contributing to the REEs levels of the occupationally exposed workers.
27394918	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27394918	15	23	Exposure	T080	C0332157
27394918	24	29	Level	T080	C0441889
27394918	33	52	Rare Earth Elements	T196	C0025556
27394918	56	63	Workers	T098	C1527116
27394918	64	73	Producing	T057	C0033268
27394918	74	80	Cerium	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	82	97	Lanthanum Oxide	T197	C0534702
27394918	98	107	Ultrafine	T109	C0077801
27394918	112	125	Nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27394918	138	144	assess	T058	C0184514
27394918	145	157	occupational	T169	C0521127
27394918	158	166	exposure	T080	C0332157
27394918	167	172	level	T080	C0441889
27394918	179	198	rare earth elements	T196	C0025556
27394918	200	204	REEs	T196	C0025556
27394918	210	218	identify	T080	C0205396
27394918	223	233	associated	T080	C0332281
27394918	234	243	influence	T077	C4054723
27394918	253	297	inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry	T059	C1553183
27394918	299	305	ICP-MS	T059	C1553183
27394918	307	312	based	T169	C1527178
27394918	316	322	closed	T169	C0587267
27394918	325	331	vessel	T073	C3273359
27394918	332	341	microwave	T070	C0026051
27394918	344	352	assisted	T080	C1269765
27394918	353	376	wet digestion procedure	T169	C2700391
27394918	380	391	determinate	T059	C1148554
27394918	396	409	concentration	T081	C1446561
27394918	413	414	Y	T196	C0043432
27394918	416	418	La	T197	C0534702
27394918	420	422	Ce	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	424	426	Pr	T196	C0032904
27394918	428	430	Nd	T196	C0027599
27394918	432	434	Sm	T121,T196	C0036147
27394918	436	438	Eu	T196	C0015180
27394918	440	442	Gd	T130,T196	C0016911
27394918	444	446	Tb	T196	C0039541
27394918	448	450	Dy	T196	C0013407
27394918	452	454	Ho	T196	C0019846
27394918	456	458	Er	T196	C0014688
27394918	460	462	Tm	T196	C0040066
27394918	464	466	Yb	T121,T196	C0043431
27394918	471	473	Lu	T196,T197	C0024170
27394918	477	492	urinary samples	T031	C1610733
27394918	493	501	obtained	T169	C1301820
27394918	507	514	workers	T098	C1527116
27394918	515	524	producing	T057	C0033268
27394918	525	534	ultrafine	T109	C0077801
27394918	539	552	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27394918	564	570	cerium	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	575	590	lanthanum oxide	T197	C0534702
27394918	596	603	results	T034	C1254595
27394918	604	611	suggest	T078	C1705535
27394918	617	619	La	T197	C0534702
27394918	624	626	Ce	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	636	643	primary	T080	C0205225
27394918	644	653	component	T077	C1705248
27394918	664	674	accounting	UnknownType	C0680857
27394918	693	697	REEs	T196	C0025556
27394918	701	708	workers	T098	C1527116
27394918	714	721	urinary	T031	C1610733
27394918	722	728	levels	T080	C0441889
27394918	732	734	La	T197	C0534702
27394918	740	742	Ce	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	753	760	workers	T098	C1527116
27394918	783	793	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27394918	814	827	significantly	T078	C0750502
27394918	828	836	enriched	T080	C0205556
27394918	837	845	compared	T052	C1707455
27394918	855	861	levels	T080	C0441889
27394918	862	870	measured	T080	C0444706
27394918	878	885	control	T096	C0009932
27394918	886	894	subjects	T096	C0681850
27394918	916	926	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27394918	959	964	study	T062	C2603343
27394918	965	979	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27394918	980	990	identified	T080	C0205396
27394918	995	1005	associated	T080	C0332281
27394918	1006	1016	individual	T098	C0237401
27394918	1017	1024	factors	T169	C1521761
27394918	1030	1037	results	T034	C1254595
27394918	1038	1046	indicate	T078	C3146298
27394918	1056	1070	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27394918	1087	1092	group	T078	C0441833
27394918	1112	1114	La	T197	C0534702
27394918	1134	1136	Ce	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	1143	1156	significantly	T078	C0750502
27394918	1157	1165	elevated	T080	C3163633
27394918	1166	1174	compared	T052	C1707455
27394918	1188	1193	group	T078	C0441833
27394918	1211	1213	La	T197	C0534702
27394918	1231	1233	Ce	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	1247	1255	Compared	T052	C1707455
27394918	1260	1267	urinary	T031	C1610733
27394918	1268	1274	levels	T080	C0441889
27394918	1278	1280	La	T197	C0534702
27394918	1285	1287	Ce	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	1295	1305	separation	T169	C0445406
27394918	1310	1319	packaging	T068	C0030176
27394918	1320	1329	locations	T082	C0450429
27394918	1347	1349	La	T197	C0534702
27394918	1369	1371	Ce	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	1388	1397	locations	T082	C0450429
27394918	1415	1417	La	T197	C0534702
27394918	1435	1437	Ce	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	1444	1451	results	T034	C1254595
27394918	1457	1464	urinary	T031	C1610733
27394918	1465	1479	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27394918	1485	1498	significantly	T078	C0750502
27394918	1499	1505	higher	T080	C0205250
27394918	1509	1516	workers	T098	C1527116
27394918	1520	1530	separation	T169	C0445406
27394918	1535	1544	packaging	T068	C0030176
27394918	1545	1554	locations	T082	C0450429
27394918	1567	1572	Inter	T079	C1548610
27394918	1575	1585	individual	T098	C0237401
27394918	1586	1595	variation	T080	C0205419
27394918	1599	1605	levels	T080	C0441889
27394918	1609	1611	La	T197	C0534702
27394918	1616	1618	Ce	T109,T121,T196	C0007828
27394918	1622	1627	urine	T031	C0042036
27394918	1635	1641	result	T169	C1274040
27394918	1645	1660	multi-factorial	T081	C0015483
27394918	1661	1674	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27394918	1675	1681	action	T052	C3266814
27394918	1691	1701	researches	T097	C0035173
27394918	1709	1714	focus	T169	C1285542
27394918	1722	1730	multiple	T081	C0439064
27394918	1731	1738	factors	T169	C1521761
27394918	1739	1751	contributing	T052	C1880177
27394918	1759	1763	REEs	T196	C0025556
27394918	1764	1770	levels	T080	C0441889
27394918	1778	1792	occupationally	T169	C0521127
27394918	1793	1800	exposed	T080	C0332157
27394918	1801	1808	workers	T098	C1527116

27395220|t|A remarkable new species of Eutrichopoda Townsend, 1908 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Phasiinae)
27395220|a|A new Tachinidae species, Eutrichopoda flavipenna sp. nov. (Diptera: Tachinidae: Phasiinae), from Brazil and Paraguay is described and illustrated by photographs and line drawings. The remarkable yellow, feather-like setae on the hind tibia distinguishes the new species from all other species in the tribe Trichopodini.
27395220	13	16	new	T080	C0205314
27395220	17	24	species	T185	C1705920
27395220	28	49	Eutrichopoda Townsend	T204	C1001518
27395220	57	64	Diptera	T204	C0012578
27395220	66	76	Tachinidae	T204	C1001518
27395220	78	87	Phasiinae	T204	C1187306
27395220	91	94	new	T080	C0205314
27395220	95	105	Tachinidae	T204	C1001518
27395220	106	113	species	T185	C1705920
27395220	115	147	Eutrichopoda flavipenna sp. nov.	T204	C1001518
27395220	149	156	Diptera	T204	C0012578
27395220	158	168	Tachinidae	T204	C1001518
27395220	170	179	Phasiinae	T204	C1187306
27395220	187	193	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27395220	198	206	Paraguay	T083	C0030428
27395220	239	250	photographs	T073	C0441468
27395220	255	259	line	T082	C0205132
27395220	260	268	drawings	T170	C0013113
27395220	285	291	yellow	T080	C0221205
27395220	293	305	feather-like	T080	C0205556
27395220	306	311	setae	T023	C2936472
27395220	319	329	hind tibia	T023	C0040184
27395220	348	351	new	T080	C0205314
27395220	352	359	species	T185	C1705920
27395220	375	382	species	T185	C1705920
27395220	390	408	tribe Trichopodini	T204	C1204755

27395231|t|Two known and one new species of Draconematidae and Epsilonematida (Nematoda, Desmodorida) from the White Sea, North Russia
27395231|a|Morphological descriptions of three " walking nematode " species found for the first time in the White Sea are presented. Draconema ophicephalum (Claparède, 1863) (Draconematidae) and Epsilonema steineri Chitwood, 1935 (Epsilonematidae), both known from insufficient material and females only, are re-described and problems of their taxonomic identification as well as species compositions of respective genera are discussed. The new species Prochaetosoma marisalbi sp. n. (Draconematidae) differs from other Prochaetosoma species except P. longicapitatum (Allgén, 1935) in that the pharyngeal bulb lumen is not cuticularised, from P. longicapitatum by shape of body and rostrum, greater number of cephalic adhesive tubes, and from P. maertensi Decraemer, 1989 by having a relatively longer tail, fewer anterior adhesive tubes and longer spicules, besides lacking cuticular thickening in the pharyngeal bulb. Draconema hoonsooi, D. youngeouni, P.rochaetosoma beomseomense, P. brevicaudatum, P. byungilli, P. cracense, P. saheungi, P. sujungi, P. supseomense erected by Rho & Min (2011) are considered as invalid species while Prochaetosoma arcticum, P. lugubre and Epsilonema cygnoides are assumed as species inquirenda. From a phylogenetic tree based on the 18S rRNA gene, all three White Sea species adjoin to unidentified species of their respective genera.
27395231	4	9	known	T080	C0205309
27395231	18	21	new	T080	C0205314
27395231	22	29	species	T185	C1705920
27395231	33	47	Draconematidae	T204	C2992016
27395231	52	66	Epsilonematida	T204	C2287919
27395231	68	76	Nematoda	T204	C0027581
27395231	78	89	Desmodorida	T204	C1030325
27395231	100	109	White Sea	T083	C0036493
27395231	111	123	North Russia	T083	C0035970
27395231	124	137	Morphological	T082	C0543482
27395231	138	150	descriptions	T170	C0678257
27395231	162	178	walking nematode	T204	C1704319
27395231	181	188	species	T185	C1705920
27395231	221	230	White Sea	T083	C0036493
27395231	246	268	Draconema ophicephalum	T204	C4111696
27395231	270	279	Claparède	T170	C0805191
27395231	288	302	Draconematidae	T204	C2992016
27395231	308	327	Epsilonema steineri	T204	C4093458
27395231	328	336	Chitwood	T170	C0805191
27395231	344	359	Epsilonematidae	T204	C2287919
27395231	378	390	insufficient	T080	C0231180
27395231	404	411	females	T032	C0086287
27395231	439	447	problems	T033	C0033213
27395231	457	466	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
27395231	467	481	identification	T080	C0205396
27395231	493	500	species	T185	C1705920
27395231	501	513	compositions	T201	C0486616
27395231	528	534	genera	T185	C1708235
27395231	554	557	new	T080	C0205314
27395231	558	565	species	T185	C1705920
27395231	566	592	Prochaetosoma marisalbi sp	T204	C2992020
27395231	598	612	Draconematidae	T204	C2992016
27395231	633	654	Prochaetosoma species	T204	C2992020
27395231	662	679	P. longicapitatum	T204	C2992020
27395231	681	687	Allgén	T170	C0805191
27395231	707	717	pharyngeal	T023	C0031354
27395231	718	722	bulb	T017	C1947952
27395231	723	728	lumen	T030	C0524461
27395231	732	749	not cuticularised	T033	C0243095
27395231	756	773	P. longicapitatum	T204	C2992020
27395231	777	790	shape of body	T017	C1268086
27395231	795	802	rostrum	T026	C0243092
27395231	804	811	greater	T081	C1704243
27395231	822	830	cephalic	T082	C0205096
27395231	831	845	adhesive tubes	T026	C0243092
27395231	856	868	P. maertensi	T204	C2992020
27395231	869	878	Decraemer	T170	C0805191
27395231	908	914	longer	T080	C0205166
27395231	915	919	tail	T023	C0039259
27395231	927	935	anterior	T082	C0205094
27395231	936	950	adhesive tubes	T026	C0243092
27395231	955	961	longer	T080	C0205166
27395231	962	970	spicules	T077	C2826618
27395231	988	1008	cuticular thickening	T042	C1160234
27395231	1016	1026	pharyngeal	T023	C0031354
27395231	1027	1031	bulb	T017	C1947952
27395231	1033	1051	Draconema hoonsooi	T204	C2992018
27395231	1053	1066	D. youngeouni	T204	C2992018
27395231	1068	1095	P.rochaetosoma beomseomense	T204	C2992020
27395231	1097	1113	P. brevicaudatum	T204	C2992020
27395231	1115	1127	P. byungilli	T204	C2992020
27395231	1129	1140	P. cracense	T204	C2992020
27395231	1142	1153	P. saheungi	T204	C2992020
27395231	1155	1165	P. sujungi	T204	C2992020
27395231	1167	1181	P. supseomense	T204	C2992020
27395231	1182	1189	erected	T080	C0443211
27395231	1193	1196	Rho	T170	C0805191
27395231	1199	1202	Min	T170	C0805191
27395231	1228	1235	invalid	T080	C3245471
27395231	1236	1243	species	T185	C1705920
27395231	1250	1272	Prochaetosoma arcticum	T204	C2992020
27395231	1274	1284	P. lugubre	T204	C2992020
27395231	1289	1309	Epsilonema cygnoides	T204	C2287919
27395231	1325	1343	species inquirenda	T185	C1705920
27395231	1352	1369	phylogenetic tree	T062	C1519068
27395231	1383	1396	18S rRNA gene	T028	C0035899
27395231	1408	1417	White Sea	T083	C0036493
27395231	1418	1425	species	T185	C1705920
27395231	1426	1432	adjoin	T082	C0205107
27395231	1436	1448	unidentified	T080	C0205427
27395231	1449	1456	species	T185	C1705920
27395231	1477	1483	genera	T185	C1708235

27395442|t|Differential effects of crude oil on denitrification and anammox, and the impact on N2O production
27395442|a|Denitrification and anammox are key processes for reducing the external nitrogen loads delivered to coastal ecosystems, and these processes can be affected by pollutants. In this study, we investigated the effect of crude oil on denitrification and anammox. Controlled laboratory experiments were performed using sediment slurries from the Lima Estuary (NW Portugal). Anammox and denitrification rates were measured using (15)N-labeled NO3(-), and the production of (29)N2 and (30)N2 quantified by membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Results revealed that while denitrification rates were stimulated between 10 and 25 000 times after crude oil amendment, anammox activity was partially (between 2 and 5 times) or completely inhibited by the addition of crude oil when comparing to rates in unamended controls. Similar results were observed across four estuarine sediment types, despite their different physical-chemical characteristics. Moreover, N2O production was reduced by 2-36 times following crude oil addition. Further work is required to fully understand the mechanism(s) of the observed reduction in N2O production. This study represents one of the first contributions to the understanding of the impact of crude oil pollution on denitrification and anammox, with profound implications for the management of aquatic ecosystems regarding eutrophication (N-removal).
27395442	0	12	Differential	T080	C0443199
27395442	13	23	effects of	T080	C1704420
27395442	24	33	crude oil	T109	C0031264
27395442	37	52	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27395442	57	64	anammox	T044	C1158281
27395442	74	80	impact	T080	C4049986
27395442	84	87	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
27395442	88	98	production	T070	C1254365
27395442	99	114	Denitrification	T067	C0598972
27395442	119	126	anammox	T044	C1158281
27395442	135	144	processes	T067	C1522240
27395442	149	157	reducing	T080	C0392756
27395442	162	170	external	T082	C0205101
27395442	171	179	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
27395442	186	195	delivered	T169	C1705822
27395442	199	206	coastal	T082	C0557760
27395442	207	217	ecosystems	T070	C0162358
27395442	229	238	processes	T067	C1522240
27395442	246	254	affected	T169	C0392760
27395442	258	268	pollutants	T131	C0599786
27395442	278	283	study	T062	C2603343
27395442	288	300	investigated	T169	C1292732
27395442	305	314	effect of	T080	C1704420
27395442	315	324	crude oil	T109	C0031264
27395442	328	343	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27395442	348	355	anammox	T044	C1158281
27395442	357	390	Controlled laboratory experiments	T062	C0681814
27395442	412	420	sediment	T167	C1550099
27395442	421	429	slurries	T167	C1550099
27395442	439	443	Lima	T083	C0017446
27395442	444	451	Estuary	T070	C3494468
27395442	453	455	NW	T082	C1254362
27395442	456	464	Portugal	T083	C0032729
27395442	467	474	Anammox	T044	C1158281
27395442	479	494	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27395442	495	500	rates	T081	C0392762
27395442	521	534	(15)N-labeled	T196	C0028162
27395442	535	541	NO3(-)	T197	C0699857
27395442	551	561	production	T070	C1254365
27395442	565	571	(29)N2	T123,T196	C0028158
27395442	576	582	(30)N2	T123,T196	C0028158
27395442	597	629	membrane inlet mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27395442	659	674	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27395442	675	680	rates	T081	C0392762
27395442	731	740	crude oil	T109	C0031264
27395442	741	750	amendment	T170	C0680532
27395442	752	759	anammox	T044	C1158281
27395442	760	768	activity	T052	C0441655
27395442	810	820	completely	T080	C0205197
27395442	821	830	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27395442	838	846	addition	T169	C1883712
27395442	850	859	crude oil	T109	C0031264
27395442	878	883	rates	T081	C0392762
27395442	887	905	unamended controls	T077	C1882979
27395442	949	958	estuarine	T082	C1254362
27395442	959	967	sediment	T167	C1550099
27395442	968	973	types	T080	C0332307
27395442	999	1032	physical-chemical characteristics	T080	C1521970
27395442	1044	1047	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
27395442	1048	1058	production	T070	C1254365
27395442	1063	1070	reduced	T080	C0392756
27395442	1095	1104	crude oil	T109	C0031264
27395442	1105	1113	addition	T169	C1883712
27395442	1164	1176	mechanism(s)	T169	C0441712
27395442	1184	1192	observed	T169	C1441672
27395442	1193	1202	reduction	T080	C0392756
27395442	1206	1209	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
27395442	1210	1220	production	T070	C1254365
27395442	1227	1232	study	T062	C2603343
27395442	1261	1274	contributions	T052	C1880177
27395442	1303	1309	impact	T080	C4049986
27395442	1313	1322	crude oil	T109	C0031264
27395442	1323	1332	pollution	T069	C0392355
27395442	1336	1351	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27395442	1356	1363	anammox	T044	C1158281
27395442	1400	1410	management	T057	C1273870
27395442	1414	1421	aquatic	T067	C0563034
27395442	1422	1432	ecosystems	T070	C0162358
27395442	1443	1457	eutrophication	T067	C0015191
27395442	1459	1468	N-removal	T052	C1883720

27395784|t|Lateral hypothalamus orexinergic system modulates the stress effect on pentylenetetrazol induced seizures through corticotropin releasing hormone receptor type 1
27395784|a|Stress is a trigger factor for seizure initiation which activates hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis as well other brain areas. In this respect, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) orexinergic system are involved in seizure occurrence. In this study, we investigated the role of LH area and orexin expression in (mediation of) stress effect on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) - induced seizures with hippocampal involvement. Two mild foot shock stresses were applied to intact and adrenalectomized animals; with or without CRHr1 blocking (NBI 27914) in the LH area. Then, changes in orexin production were evaluated by RT-PCR. Intravenous PTZ infusion (25 mg/ml) - induced convulsions were scored upon modified Racine scale. Finally, hippocampal glutamate and GABA were evaluated to study excitability changes. We demonstrated that the duration and severity of convulsions in stress - induced as well as adrenalectomized group were increased. Plasma corticosterone (CRT) level and orexin mRNA expression were built up in the stress and/or seizure groups. Furthermore, glutamate and GABA content was increased and decreased respectively due to stress and seizures. In contrast, rats receiving CRHr1 inhibitor showed reduced severity and duration of seizures, increased GABA, decreased glutamate and corticosterone and also orexin mRNA compared to the inhibitor free rats. Stress and adrenalectomy induced augmenting effect on seizure severity and duration and the subsequent reduction due to CRHr1 blocking with parallel orexin mRNA changes, indicated the likely involvement of CRH1r induced orexin expression of the LH in gating stress effect on convulsions.
27395784	0	39	Lateral hypothalamus orexinergic system	T022	C0460002
27395784	40	49	modulates	T082	C0443264
27395784	54	60	stress	T046	C0449430
27395784	61	67	effect	T080	C1280500
27395784	71	88	pentylenetetrazol	T109,T121	C0030903
27395784	89	96	induced	T169	C0205263
27395784	97	105	seizures	T184	C0036572
27395784	114	161	corticotropin releasing hormone receptor type 1	T116,T192	C0529997
27395784	162	168	Stress	T046	C0449430
27395784	174	200	trigger factor for seizure	T201	C1303052
27395784	201	211	initiation	T169	C1704686
27395784	218	227	activates	T052	C1879547
27395784	228	269	hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis	T022	C0597719
27395784	260	263	HPA	T022	C0597719
27395784	284	289	brain	T023	C0006104
27395784	290	295	areas	T082	C0205146
27395784	314	345	corticotropin releasing hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0010132
27395784	346	351	(CRH)	T116,T121,T125	C0010132
27395784	356	376	lateral hypothalamus	T029	C0020654
27395784	356	400	lateral hypothalamus (LH) orexinergic system	T022	C0460002
27395784	378	380	LH	T029	C0020654
27395784	405	413	involved	T169	C1314939
27395784	417	424	seizure	T184	C0036572
27395784	425	435	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27395784	445	450	study	T062	C2603343
27395784	455	467	investigated	T169	C1292732
27395784	472	476	role	T169	C0542341
27395784	480	487	LH area	T029	C0020654
27395784	492	498	orexin	T116,T123	C1113688
27395784	499	509	expression	T045	C1171362
27395784	514	523	mediation	UnknownType	C0814912
27395784	528	534	stress	T046	C0449430
27395784	535	541	effect	T080	C1280500
27395784	545	562	pentylenetetrazol	T109,T121	C0030903
27395784	563	568	(PTZ)	T109,T121	C0030903
27395784	571	578	induced	T169	C0205263
27395784	579	587	seizures	T184	C0036572
27395784	593	604	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27395784	605	616	involvement	T169	C1314939
27395784	622	626	mild	T080	C4316743
27395784	627	646	foot shock stresses	T046	C0449430
27395784	652	659	applied	T169	C4048755
27395784	663	669	intact	T080	C0205266
27395784	674	690	adrenalectomized	T061	C0001632
27395784	691	698	animals	T008	C0003062
27395784	716	721	CRHr1	T116,T192	C0529997
27395784	722	730	blocking	T169	C0332206
27395784	732	741	NBI 27914	T109	C1174222
27395784	750	757	LH area	T029	C0020654
27395784	765	772	changes	T169	C0392747
27395784	776	782	orexin	T116,T123	C1113688
27395784	799	808	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27395784	812	818	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27395784	820	831	Intravenous	T082	C0348016
27395784	832	835	PTZ	T109,T121	C0030903
27395784	836	844	infusion	T061	C0574032
27395784	858	865	induced	T169	C0205263
27395784	866	877	convulsions	T184	C4048158
27395784	883	889	scored	T081	C0449820
27395784	895	916	modified Racine scale	T170	C0282574
27395784	927	938	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27395784	939	948	glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27395784	953	957	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
27395784	963	972	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27395784	976	981	study	T062	C2603343
27395784	982	994	excitability	T184	C0235169
27395784	995	1002	changes	T169	C0392747
27395784	1029	1037	duration	T079	C0449238
27395784	1042	1050	severity	T080	C0439793
27395784	1054	1065	convulsions	T184	C4048158
27395784	1069	1075	stress	T046	C0449430
27395784	1078	1085	induced	T169	C0205263
27395784	1097	1113	adrenalectomized	T061	C0001632
27395784	1125	1134	increased	T081	C0205217
27395784	1136	1142	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27395784	1143	1157	corticosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27395784	1158	1163	(CRT)	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27395784	1174	1180	orexin	T028	C1415500
27395784	1181	1196	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27395784	1218	1224	stress	T046	C0449430
27395784	1232	1239	seizure	T184	C0036572
27395784	1240	1246	groups	T078	C0441833
27395784	1261	1270	glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27395784	1275	1279	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
27395784	1292	1301	increased	T081	C0205217
27395784	1306	1315	decreased	T081	C0205216
27395784	1336	1342	stress	T046	C0449430
27395784	1347	1355	seizures	T184	C0036572
27395784	1370	1374	rats	T015	C0034721
27395784	1385	1390	CRHr1	T116,T192	C0529997
27395784	1391	1400	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27395784	1408	1415	reduced	T080	C0392756
27395784	1416	1424	severity	T080	C0439793
27395784	1429	1437	duration	T079	C0449238
27395784	1441	1449	seizures	T184	C0036572
27395784	1451	1460	increased	T081	C0205217
27395784	1461	1465	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
27395784	1467	1476	decreased	T081	C0205216
27395784	1477	1486	glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27395784	1491	1505	corticosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27395784	1515	1521	orexin	T116,T123	C1113688
27395784	1522	1526	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27395784	1527	1535	compared	T052	C1707455
27395784	1543	1552	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27395784	1558	1562	rats	T015	C0034721
27395784	1564	1570	Stress	T046	C0449430
27395784	1575	1588	adrenalectomy	T061	C0001632
27395784	1589	1596	induced	T169	C0205263
27395784	1597	1607	augmenting	T169	C0442808
27395784	1608	1614	effect	T080	C1280500
27395784	1618	1625	seizure	T184	C0036572
27395784	1626	1634	severity	T080	C0439793
27395784	1639	1647	duration	T079	C0449238
27395784	1667	1676	reduction	T080	C0392756
27395784	1684	1689	CRHr1	T116,T192	C0529997
27395784	1690	1698	blocking	T169	C0332206
27395784	1713	1719	orexin	T028	C1415500
27395784	1720	1724	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27395784	1725	1732	changes	T169	C0392747
27395784	1734	1743	indicated	T033	C1444656
27395784	1755	1766	involvement	T169	C1314939
27395784	1770	1775	CRH1r	T116,T192	C0529997
27395784	1776	1783	induced	T169	C0205263
27395784	1784	1790	orexin	T116,T123	C1113688
27395784	1791	1801	expression	T061	C0185117
27395784	1809	1811	LH	T029	C0020654
27395784	1822	1828	stress	T046	C0449430
27395784	1829	1835	effect	T080	C1280500
27395784	1839	1850	convulsions	T184	C4048158

27397752|t|Shining the light on the dark side of medical leadership - a qualitative study in Australia
27397752|a|Purpose The paper aims to explore the beliefs of doctors in leadership roles of the concept of "the dark side", using data collected from interviews carried out with 45 doctors in medical leadership roles across Australia. The paper looks at the beliefs from the perspectives of doctors who are already in leadership roles themselves; to identify potential barriers they might have encountered and to arrive at better-informed strategies to engage more doctors in the leadership of the Australian health system. The research question is: "What are the beliefs of medical leaders that form the key themes or dimensions of the negative perception of the 'dark side'?". Design/methodology/approach The paper analysed data from two similar qualitative studies examining medical leadership and engagement in Australia by the same author, in collaboration with other researchers, which used in-depth semi-structured interviews with 45 purposively sampled senior medical leaders in leadership roles across Australia in health services, private and public hospitals, professional associations and health departments. The data were analysed using deductive and inductive approaches through a coding framework based on the interview data and literature review, with all sections of coded data grouped into themes. Findings Medical leaders had four key beliefs about the "dark side" as perceived through the eyes of their own past clinical experience and/or their clinical colleagues. These four beliefs or dimensions of the negative perception colloquially known as "the dark side" are the belief that they lack both managerial and clinical credibility, they have confused identities, they may be in conflict with clinicians, their clinical colleagues lack insight into the complexities of medical leadership and, as a result, doctors are actively discouraged from making the transition from clinical practice to medical leadership roles in the first place. Research limitations/implications This research was conducted within the Western developed-nation setting of Australia and only involved interviews with doctors in medical leadership roles. The findings are therefore limited to the doctors ' own perceptions of themselves based on their past experiences and beliefs. Future research involving doctors who have not chosen to transition to leadership roles, or other health practitioners in other settings, may provide a broader perspective. Also, this research was exploratory and descriptive in nature using qualitative methods, and quantitative research can be carried out in the future to extend this research for statistical generalisation. Practical implications The paper includes implications for health organisations, training providers, medical employers and health departments and describes a multi-prong strategy to address this important issue. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to study the concept of "moving to the dark side" as a negative perception of medical leadership and contributes to the evidence in this under- researched area. This paper has used data from two similar studies, combined together for the first time, with new analysis and coding, looking at the concept of the "dark side" to discover new emergent findings.
27397752	38	45	medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	46	56	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	61	78	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
27397752	82	91	Australia	T083	C0004340
27397752	110	114	aims	T078	C1947946
27397752	130	137	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27397752	141	148	doctors	T097	C0031831
27397752	152	162	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	176	183	concept	T078	C0178566
27397752	210	214	data	T078	C1511726
27397752	230	240	interviews	T052	C0021822
27397752	261	268	doctors	T097	C0031831
27397752	272	279	medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	280	290	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	304	313	Australia	T083	C0004340
27397752	338	345	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27397752	355	367	perspectives	T078	C1254370
27397752	371	378	doctors	T097	C0031831
27397752	398	408	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	449	457	barriers	T033	C4063003
27397752	545	552	doctors	T097	C0031831
27397752	560	570	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	578	588	Australian	T098	C0238711
27397752	589	602	health system	T064	C1456613
27397752	608	616	research	T062	C0035168
27397752	644	651	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27397752	655	662	medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	663	670	leaders	T097	C0557558
27397752	689	695	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27397752	699	709	dimensions	T081	C0439534
27397752	806	810	data	T078	C1511726
27397752	828	847	qualitative studies	T062	C0949415
27397752	858	865	medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	866	876	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	895	904	Australia	T083	C0004340
27397752	928	941	collaboration	T054	C0282116
27397752	953	964	researchers	T097	C0035173
27397752	986	1012	semi-structured interviews	UnknownType	C0681913
27397752	1048	1055	medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	1056	1063	leaders	T097	C0557558
27397752	1067	1077	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	1091	1100	Australia	T083	C0004340
27397752	1104	1119	health services	T058	C0018747
27397752	1121	1128	private	T073,T093	C0033173
27397752	1133	1149	public hospitals	T073,T093	C0020022
27397752	1151	1176	professional associations	T094	C0680403
27397752	1181	1199	health departments	T093	C1514958
27397752	1205	1209	data	T078	C1511726
27397752	1254	1264	approaches	T082	C0449445
27397752	1275	1281	coding	T057	C0009219
27397752	1305	1314	interview	T052	C0021822
27397752	1315	1319	data	T078	C1511726
27397752	1324	1341	literature review	T170	C0282441
27397752	1364	1369	coded	T057	C0009219
27397752	1370	1374	data	T078	C1511726
27397752	1375	1382	grouped	T078	C0441833
27397752	1388	1394	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27397752	1405	1412	Medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	1413	1420	leaders	T097	C0557558
27397752	1434	1441	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27397752	1489	1493	eyes	T023	C0015392
27397752	1512	1531	clinical experience	T080	C0008973
27397752	1545	1553	clinical	T080	C0205210
27397752	1554	1564	colleagues	T098	C0681088
27397752	1577	1584	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27397752	1588	1598	dimensions	T081	C0439534
27397752	1672	1678	belief	T078	C0004951
27397752	1699	1709	managerial	T090	C0402281
27397752	1714	1722	clinical	T080	C0205210
27397752	1723	1734	credibility	T080	C0870373
27397752	1782	1790	conflict	T078	C0079152
27397752	1796	1806	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27397752	1814	1822	clinical	T080	C0205210
27397752	1823	1833	colleagues	T098	C0681088
27397752	1872	1879	medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	1880	1890	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	1909	1916	doctors	T097	C0031831
27397752	1974	1991	clinical practice	T080	C0008973
27397752	1995	2002	medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	2003	2013	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	2079	2087	research	T062	C0035168
27397752	2113	2120	Western	T082	C1705493
27397752	2121	2137	developed-nation	T080	C0282613
27397752	2149	2158	Australia	T083	C0004340
27397752	2177	2187	interviews	T052	C0021822
27397752	2193	2200	doctors	T097	C0031831
27397752	2204	2211	medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	2212	2222	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	2272	2279	doctors	T097	C0031831
27397752	2348	2355	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27397752	2364	2372	research	T062	C0035168
27397752	2383	2390	doctors	T097	C0031831
27397752	2414	2424	transition	T052	C2700061
27397752	2428	2438	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	2455	2475	health practitioners	T097	C1552267
27397752	2517	2528	perspective	T078	C1254370
27397752	2541	2549	research	T062	C0035168
27397752	2570	2581	descriptive	T033	C0437940
27397752	2598	2617	qualitative methods	T062	C0681940
27397752	2623	2644	quantitative research	T062	C1510569
27397752	2693	2701	research	T062	C0035168
27397752	2706	2732	statistical generalisation	T062	C0871424
27397752	2793	2813	health organisations	T073,T093	C0018720
27397752	2835	2842	medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	2843	2852	employers	T097	C1274022
27397752	2857	2875	health departments	T093	C1514958
27397752	3005	3010	study	T062	C2603343
27397752	3015	3022	concept	T078	C0178566
27397752	3080	3087	medical	T169	C0205476
27397752	3088	3098	leadership	T054	C0023181
27397752	3122	3130	evidence	T078	C3887511
27397752	3146	3156	researched	T062	C0035168
27397752	3183	3187	data	T078	C1511726
27397752	3205	3212	studies	T062	C2603343
27397752	3261	3269	analysis	T062	C0936012
27397752	3274	3280	coding	T057	C0009219
27397752	3297	3304	concept	T078	C0178566

27397797|t|A parametric ribcage geometry model accounting for variations among the adult population
27397797|a|The objective of this study is to develop a parametric ribcage model that can account for morphological variations among the adult population. Ribcage geometries, including 12 pair of ribs, sternum, and thoracic spine, were collected from CT scans of 101 adult subjects through image segmentation, landmark identification (1016 for each subject), symmetry adjustment, and template mesh mapping (26,180 elements for each subject). Generalized procrustes analysis (GPA), principal component analysis (PCA), and regression analysis were used to develop a parametric ribcage model, which can predict nodal locations of the template mesh according to age, sex, height, and body mass index (BMI). Two regression models, a quadratic model for estimating the ribcage size and a linear model for estimating the ribcage shape, were developed. The results showed that the ribcage size was dominated by the height (p=0.000) and age - sex - interaction (p=0.007) and the ribcage shape was significantly affected by the age (p=0.0005), sex (p=0.0002), height (p=0.0064) and BMI (p=0.0000). Along with proper assignment of cortical bone thickness, material properties and failure properties, this parametric ribcage model can directly serve as the mesh of finite element ribcage models for quantifying effects of human characteristics on thoracic injury risks.
27397797	13	20	ribcage	T023	C0222762
27397797	30	35	model	T170	C3161035
27397797	36	46	accounting	T057	C0000938
27397797	51	61	variations	T080	C0205419
27397797	72	77	adult	T100	C0001675
27397797	78	88	population	T098	C1257890
27397797	93	102	objective	T170	C0018017
27397797	111	116	study	T062	C2603343
27397797	144	151	ribcage	T023	C0222762
27397797	152	157	model	T170	C3161035
27397797	179	192	morphological	T080	C0332437
27397797	193	203	variations	T080	C0205419
27397797	214	219	adult	T100	C0001675
27397797	220	230	population	T098	C1257890
27397797	232	239	Ribcage	T023	C0222762
27397797	240	250	geometries	T090	C0449829
27397797	265	277	pair of ribs	T023	C0035561
27397797	279	286	sternum	T023	C0038293
27397797	292	306	thoracic spine	T023	C0581269
27397797	328	336	CT scans	T060	C0040405
27397797	344	349	adult	T100	C0001675
27397797	350	358	subjects	T098	C0080105
27397797	367	385	image segmentation	T066	C2697664
27397797	387	395	landmark	T029	C0504075
27397797	396	410	identification	T080	C0205396
27397797	426	433	subject	T098	C0080105
27397797	436	444	symmetry	T033	C0332516
27397797	445	455	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27397797	461	469	template	T078	C1705542
27397797	470	474	mesh	T081	C1552983
27397797	475	482	mapping	T052	C1283195
27397797	491	499	elements	T077	C3812827
27397797	509	516	subject	T098	C0080105
27397797	519	550	Generalized procrustes analysis	T081	C0392762
27397797	552	555	GPA	T081	C0392762
27397797	558	586	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
27397797	588	591	PCA	T081	C0429865
27397797	598	617	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27397797	652	659	ribcage	T023	C0222762
27397797	660	665	model	T170	C3161035
27397797	685	690	nodal	T082	C0443268
27397797	691	700	locations	T082	C0450429
27397797	708	716	template	T078	C1705542
27397797	717	721	mesh	T081	C1552983
27397797	735	738	age	T032	C0001779
27397797	740	743	sex	T032	C1522384
27397797	745	751	height	T032	C0489786
27397797	757	772	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27397797	774	777	BMI	T201	C1305855
27397797	784	801	regression models	T170	C0034980
27397797	805	814	quadratic	T081	C2347976
27397797	815	820	model	T170	C3161035
27397797	825	835	estimating	T081	C0750572
27397797	840	847	ribcage	T023	C0222762
27397797	848	852	size	T082	C0456389
27397797	859	871	linear model	T081	C0023732
27397797	891	898	ribcage	T023	C0222762
27397797	899	904	shape	T082	C0332479
27397797	926	933	results	T169	C1274040
27397797	950	957	ribcage	T023	C0222762
27397797	958	962	size	T082	C0456389
27397797	984	990	height	T032	C0489786
27397797	1005	1008	age	T032	C0001779
27397797	1011	1014	sex	T032	C1522384
27397797	1017	1028	interaction	T169	C1704675
27397797	1047	1054	ribcage	T023	C0222762
27397797	1055	1060	shape	T082	C0332479
27397797	1095	1098	age	T032	C0001779
27397797	1111	1114	sex	T032	C1522384
27397797	1127	1133	height	T032	C0489786
27397797	1149	1152	BMI	T201	C1305855
27397797	1183	1193	assignment	T169	C1516050
27397797	1197	1210	cortical bone	T023	C0222652
27397797	1211	1220	thickness	T080	C1280412
27397797	1222	1230	material	T167	C0520510
27397797	1231	1241	properties	T080	C0871161
27397797	1246	1253	failure	T169	C0231174
27397797	1254	1264	properties	T080	C0871161
27397797	1282	1289	ribcage	T023	C0222762
27397797	1290	1295	model	T170	C3161035
27397797	1322	1326	mesh	T081	C1552983
27397797	1330	1344	finite element	T170	C0600552
27397797	1345	1352	ribcage	T023	C0222762
27397797	1353	1359	models	T170	C3161035
27397797	1364	1375	quantifying	T081	C1709793
27397797	1376	1383	effects	T080	C1280500
27397797	1387	1392	human	T016	C0086418
27397797	1393	1408	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27397797	1412	1427	thoracic injury	T037	C0039980

27398974|t|Hyaluronan Depolymerization by Megakaryocyte Hyaluronidase-2 Is Required for Thrombopoiesis
27398974|a|Hyaluronan is the predominant glycosaminoglycan component of the extracellular matrix with an emerging role in hematopoiesis. Modulation of hyaluronan polymer size is responsible for its control over cellular functions, and the balance of hyaluronan synthesis and degradation determines its molecular size. Although two active somatic hyaluronidases are expressed in mammals, only deficiency in hyaluronidase-2 (Hyal-2) results in thrombocytopenia of unknown mechanism. Our results reveal that Hyal-2 knockout mice accumulate hyaluronan within their bone marrow and within megakaryocytes, the cells responsible for platelet generation. Proplatelet formation by Hyal-2 knockout megakaryocytes was disrupted because of abnormal formation of the demarcation membrane system, which was dilated and poorly developed. Importantly, peptide-mediated delivery of exogenous hyaluronidase rescued deficient proplatelet formation in murine and human megakaryocytes lacking Hyal-2. Together, our data uncover a previously unsuspected mechanism of how hyaluronan and Hyal-2 control platelet generation.
27398974	0	10	Hyaluronan	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
27398974	11	27	Depolymerization	T044	C1523275
27398974	31	44	Megakaryocyte	T025	C0025166
27398974	45	60	Hyaluronidase-2	T116,T126	C1172589
27398974	77	91	Thrombopoiesis	T043	C0221145
27398974	92	102	Hyaluronan	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
27398974	122	149	glycosaminoglycan component	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27398974	157	177	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27398974	203	216	hematopoiesis	T042	C0018951
27398974	218	228	Modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27398974	232	242	hyaluronan	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
27398974	243	255	polymer size	T081	C0596969
27398974	292	310	cellular functions	T043	C0007613
27398974	331	341	hyaluronan	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
27398974	342	351	synthesis	T038	C0220781
27398974	356	367	degradation	T040	C0699900
27398974	383	397	molecular size	T081	C0596969
27398974	419	426	somatic	T080	C2986476
27398974	427	441	hyaluronidases	T116,T121,T126	C0020197
27398974	446	455	expressed	T045	C1171362
27398974	459	466	mammals	T015	C0024660
27398974	487	502	hyaluronidase-2	T116,T126	C1172589
27398974	504	510	Hyal-2	T116,T126	C1172589
27398974	523	539	thrombocytopenia	T047	C0040034
27398974	586	592	Hyal-2	T028	C1415826
27398974	593	606	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
27398974	618	628	hyaluronan	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
27398974	642	653	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27398974	665	679	megakaryocytes	T025	C0025166
27398974	685	690	cells	T025	C0007634
27398974	707	726	platelet generation	T043	C0221145
27398974	728	749	Proplatelet formation	T043	C0221145
27398974	753	759	Hyal-2	T028	C1415826
27398974	760	768	knockout	T050	C1522225
27398974	769	783	megakaryocytes	T025	C0025166
27398974	788	797	disrupted	T080	C0332454
27398974	809	817	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27398974	818	827	formation	T169	C1522492
27398974	835	862	demarcation membrane system	T026	C3161472
27398974	917	942	peptide-mediated delivery	T061	C0565867
27398974	946	955	exogenous	T082	C0205101
27398974	956	969	hyaluronidase	T116,T121,T126	C0020197
27398974	988	1009	proplatelet formation	T043	C0221145
27398974	1013	1019	murine	T015	C0026809
27398974	1024	1029	human	T016	C0086418
27398974	1030	1044	megakaryocytes	T025	C0025166
27398974	1053	1059	Hyal-2	T116,T126	C1172589
27398974	1075	1079	data	T078	C1511726
27398974	1130	1140	hyaluronan	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
27398974	1145	1151	Hyal-2	T116,T126	C1172589
27398974	1160	1179	platelet generation	T043	C0221145

27399065|t|Vitamin D serum level is associated with Child-Pugh score and metabolic enzyme imbalances, but not viral load in chronic hepatitis B patients
27399065|a|Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with chronic liver diseases. However, vitamin D status in persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is not consistently reported. Specifically, the impact of liver dysfunction on vitamin D status has not been well addressed.We recruited a group of patients (n = 345) with chronic hepatitis B (n = 115), hepatitis B related cirrhosis (n = 115), and age - and gender -matched healthy controls (n = 115). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], its related metabolic enzymes, intact parathyroid hormone were measured. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus were obtained from medical record. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels in chronic hepatitis B patients (7.83 ± 3.47 ng/mL) were significantly lower than that in healthy controls (9.76 ± 4.36 ng/mL, P < 0.001), but significantly higher than that in hepatitis B-related cirrhotic patients (5.21 ± 3.67 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Furthermore, 25(OH)D3 decreased stepwise with higher Child-Pugh classification. However, there were no significant differences in 25(OH)D3 levels between (1) hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg +) and HBeAg(-) persons, or (2) among persons with different HBV viral load, or (3) between treatment naïve and patients on antiviral therapy. Multiple logistic regression analyses confirmed that higher Child-Pugh score was independently associated with 25(OH)D3 deficiency (<10 ng/mL) with an odds ratio of 1.20 (confidence interval 1.03-1.39, P = 0.016). Levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 27A1 were significantly decreased, whereas levels of CYP24A1 were significantly elevated in cirrhotic patients .These results suggest that decreasing vitamin D levels are likely to be a result, rather than a cause, of liver dysfunction and irrespective of HBV viral load. Reduction in 25(OH)D3 levels is possibly due to downregulation of the synthetic hydroxylase CYP27A1 and concurrent upregulation of degrading CYP24A1 in patients with liver cirrhosis.
27399065	0	9	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27399065	10	15	serum	T031	C0229671
27399065	16	21	level	T080	C0441889
27399065	25	40	associated with	T080	C0332281
27399065	41	57	Child-Pugh score	T170	C2347612
27399065	62	71	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27399065	72	78	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27399065	79	89	imbalances	T184	C1397014
27399065	99	109	viral load	T033	C0376705
27399065	113	132	chronic hepatitis B	T047	C0524909
27399065	133	141	patients	T101	C0030705
27399065	142	162	Vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
27399065	176	184	patients	T101	C0030705
27399065	190	212	chronic liver diseases	T047	C0341439
27399065	223	232	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27399065	233	239	status	T080	C0441889
27399065	243	250	persons	T098	C0027361
27399065	256	297	chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection	T047	C0524909
27399065	356	373	liver dysfunction	T046	C0086565
27399065	377	386	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27399065	387	393	status	T080	C0441889
27399065	437	442	group	T098	C1257890
27399065	446	454	patients	T101	C0030705
27399065	470	489	chronic hepatitis B	T047	C0524909
27399065	501	530	hepatitis B related cirrhosis	T047	C2075270
27399065	546	549	age	T032	C0001779
27399065	556	562	gender	T032	C0079399
27399065	572	588	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27399065	600	605	Serum	T031	C0229671
27399065	606	626	25-hydroxyvitamin D3	T121,T127	C0006657
27399065	628	636	25(OH)D3	T121,T127	C0006657
27399065	651	660	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27399065	661	668	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27399065	677	696	parathyroid hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0030520
27399065	702	710	measured	T080	C0444706
27399065	712	719	Calcium	T034	C0428302
27399065	721	730	magnesium	T034	C1442943
27399065	736	746	phosphorus	T034	C1254595
27399065	766	780	medical record	T170	C0025102
27399065	782	787	Serum	T031	C0229671
27399065	788	796	25(OH)D3	T121,T127	C0006657
27399065	797	803	levels	T080	C0441889
27399065	807	826	chronic hepatitis B	T047	C0524909
27399065	827	835	patients	T101	C0030705
27399065	894	910	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27399065	961	967	higher	T080	C0205250
27399065	981	1010	hepatitis B-related cirrhotic	T047	C2075270
27399065	1011	1019	patients	T101	C0030705
27399065	1065	1073	25(OH)D3	T121,T127	C0006657
27399065	1074	1083	decreased	T081	C0205216
27399065	1098	1104	higher	T080	C0205250
27399065	1105	1130	Child-Pugh classification	T170	C2347612
27399065	1182	1190	25(OH)D3	T121,T127	C0006657
27399065	1191	1197	levels	T080	C0441889
27399065	1210	1241	hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg +)	T034	C0392390
27399065	1246	1254	HBeAg(-)	T034	C0948827
27399065	1255	1262	persons	T098	C0027361
27399065	1277	1284	persons	T098	C0027361
27399065	1300	1303	HBV	T005	C0019169
27399065	1304	1314	viral load	T033	C0376705
27399065	1331	1346	treatment naïve	T201	C0919936
27399065	1351	1359	patients	T101	C0030705
27399065	1363	1380	antiviral therapy	T061	C0280274
27399065	1382	1419	Multiple logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
27399065	1435	1441	higher	T080	C0205250
27399065	1442	1458	Child-Pugh score	T170	C2347612
27399065	1477	1492	associated with	T080	C0332281
27399065	1493	1501	25(OH)D3	T121,T127	C0006657
27399065	1502	1512	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27399065	1533	1543	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27399065	1553	1572	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27399065	1596	1602	Levels	T080	C0441889
27399065	1606	1632	cytochrome P450 (CYP) 27A1	T116,T126	C0055530
27399065	1652	1661	decreased	T081	C0205216
27399065	1671	1677	levels	T080	C0441889
27399065	1681	1688	CYP24A1	T116,T126	C0055530
27399065	1720	1729	cirrhotic	T047	C1623038
27399065	1730	1738	patients	T101	C0030705
27399065	1746	1753	results	T169	C1274040
27399065	1767	1777	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27399065	1778	1787	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27399065	1788	1794	levels	T080	C0441889
27399065	1814	1820	result	T169	C1274040
27399065	1846	1863	liver dysfunction	T046	C0086565
27399065	1884	1887	HBV	T005	C0019169
27399065	1888	1898	viral load	T033	C0376705
27399065	1900	1909	Reduction	T080	C0392756
27399065	1913	1921	25(OH)D3	T121,T127	C0006657
27399065	1922	1928	levels	T080	C0441889
27399065	1948	1962	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27399065	1970	1991	synthetic hydroxylase	T116,T126	C0055530
27399065	1992	1999	CYP27A1	T116,T126	C0055530
27399065	2015	2027	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27399065	2031	2040	degrading	T044	C0597297
27399065	2041	2048	CYP24A1	T116,T126	C0055530
27399065	2052	2060	patients	T101	C0030705
27399065	2066	2081	liver cirrhosis	T047	C0023890

27399557|t|359 Delayed Treatment of Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformations: Is It Ok to Wait?
27399557|a|Emergent surgery on a ruptured brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is indicated for a large hematoma in an acutely deteriorating patient. The majority of ruptured AVMs, however, present in clinically stable patients with neurological deficits. Controversy exists with respect to the timing of treatment for ruptured AVMs in these stable patients. This study aims to determine the safety of delaying AVM treatment in clinically stable patients by investigating the rate of rehemorrhage in a cohort of patients with ruptured brain AVMs. Patients presenting to our institution from January 2000 to December 2015 with ruptured brain AVMs treated at least 4 weeks posthemorrhage were included in the analysis. Exclusion criteria were ruptured AVMs that required emergent surgery involving AVM resection, previous treatment at another institution, or subacute AVM treatment. The primary outcome measure was time from initial hemorrhage to rehemorrhage. Patient follow-up data were included up until the point of AVM treatment. Of the 103 ruptured AVMs (49 M:54 F) meeting inclusion criteria, the median time from rupture to treatment or rehemorrhage was 112 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 110). Six (5.8%) patients rehemorrhaged in a median of 248 days (IQR: 1331). Two of these patients rehemorrhaged on the same day of their index hemorrhage. The total at-risk period was 19 445 patient - days, yielding a rehemorrhage risk of 11.3% per patient - year, or 0.93% per patient - month. Our data support stabilizing a patient after the initial AVM rupture. It is safe to closely monitor the patient, initiate the rehabilitation process, and then, in a semielective manner, bring the patient back for treatment. Delaying intervention for 4 weeks after initial hemorrhage subjects the patient to a low (<1%) risk of rehemorrhage.
27399557	4	21	Delayed Treatment	T033	C3693346
27399557	25	33	Ruptured	T037	C3203359
27399557	34	61	Arteriovenous Malformations	T191	C0334533
27399557	81	89	Emergent	T078	C0750573
27399557	90	97	surgery	T061	C0543467
27399557	103	111	ruptured	T037	C3203359
27399557	112	117	brain	T023	C0006104
27399557	118	144	arteriovenous malformation	T191	C0334533
27399557	146	149	AVM	T191	C0334533
27399557	176	184	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27399557	199	212	deteriorating	T033	C1457868
27399557	213	220	patient	T101	C0030705
27399557	238	246	ruptured	T037	C3203359
27399557	247	251	AVMs	T191	C0334533
27399557	273	283	clinically	T080	C0443178
27399557	284	290	stable	T080	C0205360
27399557	291	299	patients	T101	C0030705
27399557	305	326	neurological deficits	T033	C0521654
27399557	377	386	treatment	T169	C1522326
27399557	391	399	ruptured	T037	C3203359
27399557	400	404	AVMs	T191	C0334533
27399557	414	420	stable	T080	C0205360
27399557	421	429	patients	T101	C0030705
27399557	436	441	study	T062	C2603343
27399557	464	470	safety	T068	C0036043
27399557	474	482	delaying	T079	C0205421
27399557	483	486	AVM	T191	C0334533
27399557	487	496	treatment	T169	C1522326
27399557	500	510	clinically	T080	C0443178
27399557	511	517	stable	T080	C0205360
27399557	518	526	patients	T101	C0030705
27399557	530	543	investigating	T169	C1292732
27399557	556	568	rehemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27399557	574	580	cohort	T098	C0599755
27399557	584	592	patients	T101	C0030705
27399557	598	606	ruptured	T037	C3203359
27399557	607	612	brain	T023	C0006104
27399557	613	617	AVMs	T191	C0334533
27399557	619	627	Patients	T101	C0030705
27399557	646	657	institution	T093	C2607850
27399557	663	670	January	T080	C3829466
27399557	679	687	December	T080	C3830550
27399557	698	706	ruptured	T037	C3203359
27399557	707	712	brain	T023	C0006104
27399557	713	717	AVMs	T191	C0334533
27399557	737	742	weeks	T079	C0439230
27399557	743	757	posthemorrhage	T037	C0919874
27399557	779	787	analysis	T062	C0936012
27399557	789	807	Exclusion criteria	T169	C0680251
27399557	813	821	ruptured	T037	C3203359
27399557	822	826	AVMs	T191	C0334533
27399557	841	849	emergent	T078	C0750573
27399557	850	857	surgery	T061	C0543467
27399557	868	871	AVM	T191	C0334533
27399557	872	881	resection	T061	C0015252
27399557	892	901	treatment	T169	C1522326
27399557	913	924	institution	T093	C2607850
27399557	929	937	subacute	T079	C0205365
27399557	938	941	AVM	T191	C0334533
27399557	942	951	treatment	T169	C1522326
27399557	957	980	primary outcome measure	T080	C3274433
27399557	985	989	time	T079	C0040223
27399557	995	1002	initial	T079	C0205265
27399557	1003	1013	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27399557	1017	1029	rehemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27399557	1031	1038	Patient	T101	C0030705
27399557	1039	1048	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27399557	1090	1093	AVM	T191	C0334533
27399557	1094	1103	treatment	T169	C1522326
27399557	1116	1124	ruptured	T037	C3203359
27399557	1125	1129	AVMs	T191	C0334533
27399557	1150	1168	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27399557	1174	1185	median time	T079	C1254367
27399557	1191	1198	rupture	T037	C3203359
27399557	1202	1211	treatment	T169	C1522326
27399557	1215	1227	rehemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27399557	1236	1240	days	T079	C0439228
27399557	1242	1261	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27399557	1263	1266	IQR	T081	C1711350
27399557	1286	1294	patients	T101	C0030705
27399557	1295	1308	rehemorrhaged	T046	C0019080
27399557	1314	1320	median	T081	C0876920
27399557	1328	1332	days	T079	C0439228
27399557	1334	1337	IQR	T081	C1711350
27399557	1359	1367	patients	T101	C0030705
27399557	1368	1381	rehemorrhaged	T046	C0019080
27399557	1394	1397	day	T079	C0439228
27399557	1413	1423	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27399557	1435	1449	at-risk period	T079	C1948053
27399557	1461	1468	patient	T101	C0030705
27399557	1471	1475	days	T079	C0439228
27399557	1488	1500	rehemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27399557	1519	1526	patient	T101	C0030705
27399557	1529	1533	year	T079	C0439234
27399557	1548	1555	patient	T101	C0030705
27399557	1558	1563	month	T079	C0439231
27399557	1569	1573	data	T078	C1511726
27399557	1596	1603	patient	T101	C0030705
27399557	1622	1625	AVM	T191	C0334533
27399557	1626	1633	rupture	T037	C3203359
27399557	1649	1676	closely monitor the patient	T061	C0513791
27399557	1691	1705	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27399557	1761	1768	patient	T101	C0030705
27399557	1778	1787	treatment	T169	C1522326
27399557	1789	1797	Delaying	T079	C0205421
27399557	1817	1822	weeks	T079	C0439230
27399557	1837	1847	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27399557	1861	1868	patient	T101	C0030705
27399557	1874	1888	low (<1%) risk	T081	C3538919
27399557	1892	1904	rehemorrhage	T046	C0019080

27399732|t|Prescribing Patterns in Outpatient Clinics of Township Hospitals in China: A Comparative Study before and after the 2009 Health System Reform
27399732|a|Objective: China introduced a series of health reforms in 2009, including a national essential medicines policy and a medical insurance system for primary care institutions. This study aimed to determine the changing prescribing patterns associated with those reforms in township hospitals. Methods: A multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted to identify 29 township hospitals from six counties in three provinces. A total of 2899 prescriptions were collected from the participating township hospitals using a systematic random sampling strategy. Seven prescribing indicators were calculated and compared between 2008 and 2013, assessing use of medicines (antibiotics and adrenal corticosteroids) and polypharmacy, administration route of medicines (injections), and affordability of medicines. Results: Significant changes in prescribing patterns were found. The average number of medicines and costs per- prescription dropped by about 50%. The percentage of prescriptions requiring antibiotics declined from 54% to 38%. The percentage of prescriptions requiring adrenal corticosteroid declined from 14% to 4%. The percentage of prescriptions requiring injections declined from 54% to 25%. Despite similar changing patterns, significant regional differences were observed. Conclusions: Significant changes in prescribing patterns are evident in township hospitals in China. Overprescription of antibiotics, injections and adrenal corticosteroids has been reduced. However, salient regional disparities still exist. Further studies are needed to determine potential shifts in the risk of the inappropriate use of medicines from primary care settings to metropolitan hospitals.
27399732	0	20	Prescribing Patterns	T057	C2713413
27399732	24	42	Outpatient Clinics	T073,T093	C0029916
27399732	46	54	Township	T081	C1552925
27399732	55	64	Hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27399732	68	73	China	T083	C0008115
27399732	77	94	Comparative Study	T062	C1579762
27399732	121	141	Health System Reform	T064	C0206597
27399732	153	158	China	T083	C0008115
27399732	182	196	health reforms	T064	C0206597
27399732	218	253	national essential medicines policy	T064	C0600206
27399732	260	277	medical insurance	T033	C0481840
27399732	278	284	system	T169	C0449913
27399732	289	314	primary care institutions	T073,T093	C1552443
27399732	321	326	study	T062	C2603343
27399732	359	379	prescribing patterns	T057	C2713413
27399732	380	395	associated with	T080	C0332281
27399732	402	409	reforms	T064	C0206597
27399732	413	421	township	T081	C1552925
27399732	422	431	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27399732	444	455	multi-stage	T081	C1709096
27399732	456	497	stratified random cluster sampling method	T062	C0681879
27399732	525	533	township	T081	C1552925
27399732	534	543	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27399732	553	561	counties	T083	C0079170
27399732	571	580	provinces	T083	C1514578
27399732	598	611	prescriptions	T170	C1521941
27399732	650	658	township	T081	C1552925
27399732	659	668	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27399732	677	712	systematic random sampling strategy	T062	C0681879
27399732	720	742	prescribing indicators	T033	C1532855
27399732	748	758	calculated	T052	C1441506
27399732	812	821	medicines	T121	C0013227
27399732	823	834	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27399732	839	862	adrenal corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
27399732	868	880	polypharmacy	T033	C2922974
27399732	882	915	administration route of medicines	T169	C0013153
27399732	917	927	injections	T169	C1828121
27399732	934	947	affordability	T081	C0814630
27399732	951	960	medicines	T121	C0013227
27399732	994	1014	prescribing patterns	T057	C2713413
27399732	1031	1045	average number	T081	C0237753
27399732	1049	1058	medicines	T121	C0013227
27399732	1063	1068	costs	T081	C0010186
27399732	1074	1086	prescription	T170	C1521941
27399732	1127	1140	prescriptions	T170	C1521941
27399732	1151	1162	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27399732	1163	1171	declined	T081	C0205216
27399732	1207	1220	prescriptions	T170	C1521941
27399732	1231	1253	adrenal corticosteroid	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
27399732	1297	1310	prescriptions	T170	C1521941
27399732	1321	1331	injections	T169	C1828121
27399732	1332	1340	declined	T081	C0205216
27399732	1393	1425	significant regional differences	T033	C0682132
27399732	1477	1497	prescribing patterns	T057	C2713413
27399732	1502	1509	evident	T078	C3887511
27399732	1513	1521	township	T081	C1552925
27399732	1522	1531	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27399732	1535	1540	China	T083	C0008115
27399732	1542	1558	Overprescription	T058	C2936305
27399732	1562	1573	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27399732	1575	1585	injections	T169	C1828121
27399732	1590	1613	adrenal corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
27399732	1623	1630	reduced	T080	C0392756
27399732	1649	1657	regional	T082	C0205147
27399732	1658	1669	disparities	T080	C1955989
27399732	1747	1751	risk	T078	C0035647
27399732	1780	1789	medicines	T121	C0013227
27399732	1795	1816	primary care settings	T073,T093	C1552443
27399732	1820	1842	metropolitan hospitals	T093	C0020029

27399843|t|Neural activity promotes long-distance, target - specific regeneration of adult retinal axons
27399843|a|Axons in the mammalian CNS fail to regenerate after injury. Here we show that if the activity of mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is increased by visual stimulation or using chemogenetics, their axons regenerate. We also show that if enhancement of neural activity is combined with elevation of the cell-growth -promoting pathway involving mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), RGC axons regenerate long distances and re-innervate the brain. Analysis of genetically labeled RGCs revealed that this regrowth can be target specific: RGC axons navigated back to their correct visual targets and avoided targets incorrect for their function. Moreover, these regenerated connections were successful in partially rescuing a subset of visual behaviors. Our findings indicate that combining neural activity with activation of mTOR can serve as powerful tool for enhancing axon regeneration, and they highlight the remarkable capacity of CNS neurons to re-establish accurate circuit connections in adulthood.
27399843	0	6	Neural	T169	C3714606
27399843	7	15	activity	T052	C0441655
27399843	40	46	target	T169	C1521840
27399843	49	57	specific	T080	C0205369
27399843	58	70	regeneration	T042	C1621980
27399843	80	87	retinal	T023	C0035298
27399843	88	93	axons	T026	C0004461
27399843	94	99	Axons	T026	C0004461
27399843	107	116	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27399843	117	120	CNS	T022	C3714787
27399843	121	125	fail	T169	C0231174
27399843	129	139	regenerate	T042	C1621980
27399843	146	152	injury	T037	C0161479
27399843	179	187	activity	T052	C0441655
27399843	191	196	mouse	T015	C0025929
27399843	197	219	retinal ganglion cells	T025	C0035316
27399843	221	225	RGCs	T025	C0035316
27399843	230	239	increased	T081	C0205217
27399843	243	261	visual stimulation	T060	C0031734
27399843	292	297	axons	T026	C0004461
27399843	298	308	regenerate	T042	C1621980
27399843	331	342	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27399843	346	352	neural	T169	C3714606
27399843	353	361	activity	T052	C0441655
27399843	379	388	elevation	T082	C0702240
27399843	396	407	cell-growth	T043	C0007595
27399843	419	426	pathway	T044	C0037080
27399843	437	466	mammalian target of rapamycin	T116,T126	C1453984
27399843	468	472	mTOR	T116,T126	C1453984
27399843	475	478	RGC	T025	C0035316
27399843	479	484	axons	T026	C0004461
27399843	485	495	regenerate	T042	C1621980
27399843	515	527	re-innervate	T080	C1619351
27399843	532	537	brain	T023	C0006104
27399843	539	547	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27399843	551	570	genetically labeled	T080	C1708632
27399843	571	575	RGCs	T025	C0035316
27399843	595	603	regrowth	T039	C0220844
27399843	611	617	target	T169	C1521840
27399843	618	626	specific	T080	C0205369
27399843	628	631	RGC	T025	C0035316
27399843	632	637	axons	T026	C0004461
27399843	670	676	visual	T169	C0234621
27399843	677	684	targets	T169	C1521840
27399843	697	704	targets	T169	C1521840
27399843	705	714	incorrect	T080	C3827420
27399843	725	733	function	T169	C0542341
27399843	751	762	regenerated	T169	C0334213
27399843	763	774	connections	T023	C0086699
27399843	825	841	visual behaviors	T055	C0474331
27399843	847	855	findings	T033	C0243095
27399843	880	886	neural	T169	C3714606
27399843	887	895	activity	T052	C0441655
27399843	901	911	activation	T052	C1879547
27399843	915	919	mTOR	T116,T126	C1453984
27399843	951	960	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27399843	961	978	axon regeneration	T042	C1621980
27399843	1003	1022	remarkable capacity	T081	C1516240
27399843	1026	1029	CNS	T022	C3714787
27399843	1030	1037	neurons	T025	C1524046
27399843	1063	1070	circuit	UnknownType	C0682723
27399843	1071	1082	connections	T023	C0086699
27399843	1086	1095	adulthood	T079	C0700597

27399912|t|Expression of WNT10A Gene in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
27399912|a|Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) constitutes the most frequent malignant tumour of the oral cavity. Considering the significant roles the Wnt family plays in physiological and pathological events, this study aims to investigate WNT10A gene expression in OSCC. The cohort was composed of 59 specimens: 49 with OSCC and 10 controls. Total RNA from the samples was extracted, cDNA was synthesized and Real-time PCR analyses were performed, with β-ACTIN as internal control. The number of OSCC samples for the 4 TNM stages was: 5 (10.2%) stage I, 10 (20.4%) stage II, 9 (18.3%) stage III, and 25 (51.1%) stage IV. For Real-Time PCR analysis, significant difference was found between control samples and OSCC stage IV (p < 0.01). Higher levels of WNT10A expression was observed in OSCC stage IV suggesting a potential role in tumour progression.
27399912	0	10	Expression	T045	C0017262
27399912	14	25	WNT10A Gene	T028	C1422222
27399912	29	57	Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0585362
27399912	58	86	Oral squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0585362
27399912	88	92	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27399912	110	114	most	T081	C0205393
27399912	115	123	frequent	T079	C0332183
27399912	124	140	malignant tumour	T191	C0006826
27399912	148	159	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
27399912	177	188	significant	T078	C0750502
27399912	189	194	roles	T077	C1705810
27399912	199	209	Wnt family	T028	C0935995
27399912	219	232	physiological	T039	C1254359
27399912	237	249	pathological	T169	C1521733
27399912	250	256	events	T169	C0205245
27399912	263	268	study	T062	C2603343
27399912	277	288	investigate	T169	C1292732
27399912	289	300	WNT10A gene	T028	C1422222
27399912	301	311	expression	T045	C0017262
27399912	315	319	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27399912	325	331	cohort	T081	C0009247
27399912	351	360	specimens	T167	C0370003
27399912	370	374	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27399912	382	390	controls	T078	C1550040
27399912	392	397	Total	T080	C0439810
27399912	398	401	RNA	T114	C0035668
27399912	411	418	samples	T167	C0370003
27399912	423	432	extracted	T061	C0185115
27399912	434	438	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27399912	443	454	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27399912	459	481	Real-time PCR analyses	T059	C2732732
27399912	487	496	performed	T169	C0884358
27399912	503	510	β-ACTIN	T028	C1384510
27399912	514	530	internal control	T081	C0034925
27399912	536	542	number	T081	C0237753
27399912	546	550	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27399912	551	558	samples	T167	C0370003
27399912	569	579	TNM stages	T185	C1515169
27399912	595	602	stage I	T191	C0861585
27399912	615	623	stage II	T191	C0861598
27399912	635	644	stage III	T191	C0861611
27399912	661	669	stage IV	T191	C0861624
27399912	675	697	Real-Time PCR analysis	T059	C2732732
27399912	699	710	significant	T078	C0750502
27399912	711	721	difference	T080	C1705242
27399912	726	731	found	T033	C0150312
27399912	740	755	control samples	T078	C1550040
27399912	760	773	OSCC stage IV	T191	C0861624
27399912	786	792	Higher	T080	C0205250
27399912	793	799	levels	T080	C0441889
27399912	803	809	WNT10A	T028	C1422222
27399912	810	820	expression	T045	C0017262
27399912	825	833	observed	T169	C1441672
27399912	837	850	OSCC stage IV	T191	C0861624
27399912	851	861	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27399912	864	873	potential	T080	C3245505
27399912	874	878	role	T077	C1705810
27399912	882	900	tumour progression	T191	C0178874

27400734|t|Erlotinib plus gemcitabine versus gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer: real - world analysis of Korean national database
27400734|a|A randomized clinical trial has found that the addition of erlotinib to gemcitabine (GEM - E) for pancreatic cancer led to a modest increase in survival. The aim of this national population - based retrospective study was to compare the effectiveness of GEM - E to GEM alone for pancreatic cancer patients in real clinical practice. Patients with pancreatic cancer (ICD-10: C25) with prescription claims of gemcitabine or erlotinib between Jan 1, 2007 and Dec 31, 2012 were retrospectively identified from the Korean Health Insurance claims database. To be included in the study population, patients were required to have had a histological or cytological diagnosis within one year before chemotherapy. Patients treated with prior radiotherapy, surgery, or chemotherapy were excluded to reduce heterogeneity. Overall survival from the initiation of therapy and the medical costs of GEM - E and GEM were compared. A total of 4,267 patients were included in the analysis. Overall survival was not significantly longer in patients treated with GEM - E (median 6.77 months for GEM - E vs. 6.68 months for GEM, p = 0.0977). There was also no significant difference in the respective one-year survival rates (27.0 % vs. 27.3 %; p = 0.5988). Multivariate analysis using age, gender, and comorbidities as covariates did not reveal any significant differences in survival. Based on this relative effectiveness, the incremental cost per life year gained over GEM was estimated at USD 70,843.64 for GEM - E. GEM - E for pancreatic cancer is not more effective than GEM in a real - world setting, and it does not provide reasonable cost-effectiveness over GEM.
27400734	0	9	Erlotinib	T109,T121	C1135135
27400734	15	26	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	34	45	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	50	67	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
27400734	69	73	real	T080	C0237400
27400734	76	81	world	T098	C2700280
27400734	82	90	analysis	T062	C0936012
27400734	94	100	Korean	T083	C0022771
27400734	101	109	national	T092	C0015737
27400734	110	118	database	T170	C0242356
27400734	121	146	randomized clinical trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27400734	166	174	addition	T067	C0596304
27400734	178	187	erlotinib	T109,T121	C1135135
27400734	191	202	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	204	207	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	210	211	E	T109,T121	C1135135
27400734	217	234	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
27400734	244	250	modest	T080	C0205081
27400734	251	259	increase	T169	C0442805
27400734	263	271	survival	T052	C0038952
27400734	277	280	aim	T078	C1947946
27400734	289	297	national	T082	C0681788
27400734	298	308	population	T098	C1257890
27400734	311	316	based	T169	C1527178
27400734	317	336	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27400734	344	351	compare	T052	C1707455
27400734	356	369	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27400734	373	376	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	379	380	E	T109,T121	C1135135
27400734	384	387	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	398	415	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
27400734	416	424	patients	T101	C0030705
27400734	428	450	real clinical practice	T057	C0205897
27400734	452	460	Patients	T101	C0030705
27400734	466	483	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
27400734	484	491	(ICD-10	T170	C1137110
27400734	503	515	prescription	T170	C1521941
27400734	526	537	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	541	550	erlotinib	T109,T121	C1135135
27400734	593	608	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27400734	609	619	identified	T080	C0205396
27400734	629	635	Korean	T083	C0022771
27400734	636	652	Health Insurance	T058	C0027452
27400734	660	668	database	T170	C0242356
27400734	692	697	study	T062	C2603343
27400734	698	708	population	T098	C1257890
27400734	710	718	patients	T101	C0030705
27400734	724	732	required	T169	C1514873
27400734	747	759	histological	UnknownType	C0679557
27400734	763	784	cytological diagnosis	T033	C1298647
27400734	808	820	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27400734	822	830	Patients	T101	C0030705
27400734	831	843	treated with	T033	C0332154
27400734	850	862	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27400734	864	871	surgery	T058	C2081627
27400734	876	888	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27400734	894	902	excluded	T078	C1554077
27400734	906	912	reduce	T061	C0441610
27400734	913	926	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27400734	936	944	survival	T052	C0038952
27400734	954	964	initiation	T169	C1704686
27400734	968	975	therapy	T061	C0087111
27400734	984	997	medical costs	T081	C0086600
27400734	1001	1004	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	1007	1008	E	T109,T121	C1135135
27400734	1013	1016	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	1022	1030	compared	T052	C1707455
27400734	1049	1057	patients	T101	C0030705
27400734	1079	1087	analysis	T062	C0936012
27400734	1097	1105	survival	T052	C0038952
27400734	1114	1127	significantly	T078	C0750502
27400734	1128	1134	longer	T080	C0205166
27400734	1138	1146	patients	T101	C0030705
27400734	1147	1154	treated	T033	C0332154
27400734	1160	1163	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	1166	1167	E	T109,T121	C1135135
27400734	1169	1175	median	T081	C0876920
27400734	1192	1195	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	1198	1199	E	T109,T121	C1135135
27400734	1220	1223	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	1253	1267	no significant	T033	C3694175
27400734	1268	1278	difference	T081	C1705241
27400734	1306	1320	survival rates	T081	C0038954
27400734	1354	1375	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27400734	1382	1385	age	T032	C0001779
27400734	1387	1393	gender	T032	C0079399
27400734	1399	1412	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27400734	1416	1426	covariates	UnknownType	C0814913
27400734	1435	1441	reveal	T080	C0443289
27400734	1446	1457	significant	T078	C0750502
27400734	1458	1469	differences	T081	C1705241
27400734	1473	1481	survival	T052	C0038952
27400734	1483	1488	Based	T169	C1527178
27400734	1497	1519	relative effectiveness	T081	C0035023
27400734	1525	1536	incremental	T081	C1705117
27400734	1537	1541	cost	T081	C0010186
27400734	1546	1550	life	T078	C0376558
27400734	1551	1555	year	T079	C0439234
27400734	1556	1562	gained	T081	C1517378
27400734	1568	1571	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	1576	1585	estimated	T081	C0750572
27400734	1589	1592	USD	T081	C1555442
27400734	1607	1610	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	1613	1614	E	T109,T121	C1135135
27400734	1616	1619	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	1622	1623	E	T109,T121	C1135135
27400734	1628	1645	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
27400734	1658	1667	effective	T080	C1704419
27400734	1673	1676	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093
27400734	1682	1686	real	T080	C0237400
27400734	1689	1694	world	T098	C2700280
27400734	1695	1702	setting	T078	C1552652
27400734	1720	1727	provide	T052	C1999230
27400734	1728	1738	reasonable	T033	C0566251
27400734	1739	1757	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27400734	1763	1766	GEM	T114,T121	C0045093

27400764|t|Predicting Risk of Suicide Attempt Using History of Physical Illnesses From Electronic Medical Records
27400764|a|Although physical illnesses, routinely documented in electronic medical records (EMR), have been found to be a contributing factor to suicides, no automated systems use this information to predict suicide risk. The aim of this study is to quantify the impact of physical illnesses on suicide risk, and develop a predictive model that captures this relationship using EMR data. We used history of physical illnesses (except chapter V: Mental and behavioral disorders) from EMR data over different time-periods to build a lookup table that contains the probability of suicide risk for each chapter of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes. The lookup table was then used to predict the probability of suicide risk for any new assessment. Based on the different lengths of history of physical illnesses, we developed six different models to predict suicide risk. We tested the performance of developed models to predict 90-day risk using historical data over differing time-periods ranging from 3 to 48 months. A total of 16,858 assessments from 7399 mental health patients with at least one risk assessment was used for the validation of the developed model. The performance was measured using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The best predictive results were derived (AUC =0.71) using combined data across all time-periods, which significantly outperformed the clinical baseline derived from routine risk assessment (AUC =0.56). The proposed approach thus shows potential to be incorporated in the broader risk assessment processes used by clinicians. This study provides a novel approach to exploit the history of physical illnesses extracted from EMR (ICD-10 codes without chapter V-mental and behavioral disorders) to predict suicide risk, and this model outperforms existing clinical assessments of suicide risk.
27400764	0	10	Predicting	T078	C0681842
27400764	11	15	Risk	T078	C0035647
27400764	19	34	Suicide Attempt	T033	C0038663
27400764	41	48	History	T033	C0262926
27400764	52	70	Physical Illnesses	T047	C0683323
27400764	76	102	Electronic Medical Records	T170	C2362543
27400764	112	130	physical illnesses	T047	C0683323
27400764	142	152	documented	T058	C1301725
27400764	156	182	electronic medical records	T170	C2362543
27400764	184	187	EMR	T170	C2362543
27400764	214	226	contributing	T052	C1880177
27400764	227	233	factor	T169	C1521761
27400764	237	245	suicides	T033	C0038661
27400764	250	259	automated	T169	C0205554
27400764	260	267	systems	T169	C0449913
27400764	277	288	information	T078	C1533716
27400764	292	299	predict	T078	C0681842
27400764	300	312	suicide risk	T033	C0563664
27400764	318	321	aim	T078	C1947946
27400764	330	335	study	T062	C2603343
27400764	342	350	quantify	T081	C1709793
27400764	355	361	impact	T080	C4049986
27400764	365	383	physical illnesses	T047	C0683323
27400764	387	399	suicide risk	T033	C0563664
27400764	415	431	predictive model	T075	C0026336
27400764	451	463	relationship	T080	C0439849
27400764	470	473	EMR	T170	C2362543
27400764	474	478	data	T078	C1511726
27400764	488	495	history	T033	C0262926
27400764	499	517	physical illnesses	T047	C0683323
27400764	519	568	except chapter V: Mental and behavioral disorders	T033	C0243095
27400764	575	578	EMR	T170	C2362543
27400764	579	583	data	T078	C1511726
27400764	589	598	different	T080	C1705242
27400764	599	611	time-periods	T079	C1948053
27400764	623	635	lookup table	T170	C1706074
27400764	654	665	probability	T081	C0033204
27400764	669	681	suicide risk	T033	C0563664
27400764	706	810	International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10)	T170	C1137110
27400764	811	816	codes	T170	C1550212
27400764	822	834	lookup table	T170	C1706074
27400764	852	859	predict	T078	C0681842
27400764	864	875	probability	T081	C0033204
27400764	879	891	suicide risk	T033	C0563664
27400764	900	903	new	T080	C0205314
27400764	904	914	assessment	T058	C0220825
27400764	929	938	different	T080	C1705242
27400764	939	946	lengths	T081	C1444754
27400764	950	957	history	T033	C0262926
27400764	961	979	physical illnesses	T047	C0683323
27400764	998	1007	different	T080	C1705242
27400764	1008	1014	models	T075	C0026336
27400764	1018	1025	predict	T078	C0681842
27400764	1026	1038	suicide risk	T033	C0563664
27400764	1043	1049	tested	T169	C0039593
27400764	1054	1065	performance	T055	C0597198
27400764	1079	1085	models	T075	C0026336
27400764	1089	1096	predict	T078	C0681842
27400764	1104	1108	risk	T033	C0563664
27400764	1115	1125	historical	T033	C0262926
27400764	1126	1130	data	T078	C1511726
27400764	1146	1158	time-periods	T079	C1948053
27400764	1206	1217	assessments	T058	C0220825
27400764	1228	1241	mental health	T041	C0025353
27400764	1242	1250	patients	T101	C0030705
27400764	1269	1273	risk	T033	C0563664
27400764	1274	1284	assessment	T058	C0220825
27400764	1302	1312	validation	T062	C1519941
27400764	1330	1335	model	T075	C0026336
27400764	1341	1352	performance	T055	C0597198
27400764	1372	1426	area under the receiver operating characteristic curve	T081	C0376690
27400764	1428	1431	AUC	T081	C0376690
27400764	1443	1453	predictive	T080	C0681890
27400764	1454	1461	results	T169	C1274040
27400764	1476	1479	AUC	T081	C0376690
27400764	1493	1501	combined	T080	C0205195
27400764	1502	1506	data	T078	C1511726
27400764	1518	1530	time-periods	T079	C1948053
27400764	1538	1551	significantly	T078	C0750502
27400764	1569	1577	clinical	T080	C0205210
27400764	1578	1586	baseline	T081	C1442488
27400764	1600	1607	routine	T080	C0205547
27400764	1608	1623	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
27400764	1625	1628	AUC	T081	C0376690
27400764	1641	1649	proposed	T080	C1553874
27400764	1670	1679	potential	T080	C3245505
27400764	1714	1729	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
27400764	1730	1739	processes	T067	C1522240
27400764	1748	1758	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27400764	1765	1770	study	T062	C2603343
27400764	1782	1787	novel	T080	C0205314
27400764	1812	1819	history	T033	C0262926
27400764	1823	1841	physical illnesses	T047	C0683323
27400764	1857	1860	EMR	T170	C2362543
27400764	1862	1874	ICD-10 codes	T170	C1550212
27400764	1875	1924	without chapter V-mental and behavioral disorders	T033	C0243095
27400764	1929	1936	predict	T078	C0681842
27400764	1937	1949	suicide risk	T033	C0563664
27400764	1960	1965	model	T075	C0026336
27400764	1987	1995	clinical	T080	C0205210
27400764	1996	2007	assessments	T058	C0220825
27400764	2011	2023	suicide risk	T033	C0563664

27401409|t|Development of a Novel Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Model to Accurately Predict Pulmonary Absorption and Replace Routine Use of the Isolated Perfused Respiring Rat Lung Model
27401409|a|We developed and tested a novel Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model to better understand the physicochemical drivers of pulmonary absorption, and to facilitate compound design through improved prediction of absorption. The model was tested using a large array of both existing and newly designed compounds. Pulmonary absorption data was generated using the isolated perfused respiring rat lung (IPRLu) model for 82 drug discovery compounds and 17 marketed drugs. This dataset was used to build a novel QSAR model based on calculated physicochemical properties. A further 9 compounds were used to test the model's predictive capability. The QSAR model performed well on the 9 compounds in the " Test set " with a predicted versus observed correlation of R(2) = 0.85, and >65% of compounds correctly categorised. Calculated descriptors associated with permeability and hydrophobicity positively correlated with pulmonary absorption, whereas those associated with charge, ionisation and size negatively correlated. The novel QSAR model described here can replace routine generation of IPRLu model data for ranking and classifying compounds prior to synthesis. It will also provide scientists working in the field of inhaled drug discovery with a deeper understanding of the physicochemical drivers of pulmonary absorption based on a relevant respiratory compound dataset.
27401409	23	67	Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship	T081	C0887819
27401409	68	73	Model	T170	C3161035
27401409	96	116	Pulmonary Absorption	T042	C3852990
27401409	148	156	Isolated	T169	C0205409
27401409	157	165	Perfused	T169	C1549542
27401409	166	175	Respiring	T039	C0035203
27401409	176	184	Rat Lung	T023	C1882727
27401409	185	190	Model	T170	C3161035
27401409	223	267	Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship	T081	C0887819
27401409	269	273	QSAR	T081	C0887819
27401409	275	280	model	T170	C3161035
27401409	306	321	physicochemical	T070	C2350461
27401409	333	353	pulmonary absorption	T042	C3852990
27401409	373	388	compound design	T090	C0013171
27401409	406	416	prediction	T078	C0681842
27401409	420	430	absorption	T067	C2347023
27401409	436	441	model	T170	C3161035
27401409	509	518	compounds	T121	C0013227
27401409	520	540	Pulmonary absorption	T042	C3852990
27401409	570	578	isolated	T169	C0205409
27401409	579	587	perfused	T169	C1549542
27401409	588	597	respiring	T039	C0035203
27401409	598	606	rat lung	T023	C1882727
27401409	608	613	IPRLu	T023	C1882727
27401409	615	620	model	T170	C3161035
27401409	628	642	drug discovery	T062	C0920472
27401409	643	652	compounds	T121	C0013227
27401409	660	674	marketed drugs	T121	C1254351
27401409	715	719	QSAR	T081	C0887819
27401409	720	725	model	T170	C3161035
27401409	746	772	physicochemical properties	T070	C2350461
27401409	786	795	compounds	T121	C0013227
27401409	818	825	model's	T170	C3161035
27401409	837	847	capability	T080	C2698977
27401409	853	857	QSAR	T081	C0887819
27401409	858	863	model	T170	C3161035
27401409	888	897	compounds	T121	C0013227
27401409	907	915	Test set	T170	C0150098
27401409	951	962	correlation	T081	C0010100
27401409	991	1000	compounds	T121	C0013227
27401409	1063	1075	permeability	T070	C0031164
27401409	1080	1094	hydrophobicity	T080	C0598629
27401409	1122	1142	pulmonary absorption	T042	C3852990
27401409	1174	1180	charge	T080	C0205556
27401409	1182	1192	ionisation	T067	C0596801
27401409	1197	1201	size	T082	C0456389
27401409	1235	1239	QSAR	T081	C0887819
27401409	1240	1245	model	T170	C3161035
27401409	1295	1300	IPRLu	T023	C1882727
27401409	1301	1306	model	T170	C3161035
27401409	1316	1323	ranking	T170	C0699794
27401409	1328	1339	classifying	T185	C0008902
27401409	1340	1349	compounds	T121	C0013227
27401409	1359	1368	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27401409	1426	1448	inhaled drug discovery	T062	C0920472
27401409	1484	1499	physicochemical	T070	C2350461
27401409	1511	1531	pulmonary absorption	T042	C3852990
27401409	1564	1572	compound	T121	C0013227
27401409	1573	1580	dataset	T170	C0150098

27401811|t|Matrix solid-phase dispersion combined to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of paraben preservatives in mollusks
27401811|a|A method for the extraction and determination of seven parabens, esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, widely used as preservatives in personal care products, pharmaceuticals, etc., and two chlorinated derivatives (mono- and di-chloro methyl paraben) from mollusk samples was developed by combining matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. MSPD parameters, such as solvent, solid support and clean-up sorbent, were optimized. Besides, since blank problems were observed for some parabens, these were investigated and blanks were tackled by precleaning all sorbents prior to use. Under final conditions, 0.5g of freeze-dried mollusk were dispersed with 1.2g of silica and packed into a cartridge containing 3g of C18, as on-line clean-up sorbent. This cartridge was eluted with 10mL of acetonitrile, evaporated and reconstituted in methanol for analysis. In the validation stage, successful linearity (R(2)>0.999), recoveries (between 71 and 117% for most analytes), precision (RSD lower than 21%) and limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ, lower than 0.4 and 1.4ngg(-1) dry weight respectively) levels were achieved. Finally, the new methodology was applied to mussel, clam and cockle samples. Methyl paraben was above the LOQ in five of the six samples (not found in one clam sample) at concentrations up to 7ngg(-1) dry weight. Ethyl paraben was found above the LOQ in mussel and cockle samples at a concentration level around 0.3ngg(-1). n-Propyl paraben was only above the LOQ in one mussel sample.
27401811	0	29	Matrix solid-phase dispersion	T059	C0022885
27401811	42	88	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
27401811	97	110	determination	T059	C1148554
27401811	114	121	paraben	T109,T121	C0030398
27401811	122	135	preservatives	T122	C0033086
27401811	139	147	mollusks	T204	C0026391
27401811	150	175	method for the extraction	T170	C0449341
27401811	180	193	determination	T059	C1148554
27401811	203	211	parabens	T109,T121	C0030398
27401811	213	219	esters	T109	C0014898
27401811	223	244	4-hydroxybenzoic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0048323
27401811	261	274	preservatives	T122	C0033086
27401811	278	300	personal care products	T167	C4288402
27401811	302	317	pharmaceuticals	T121	C1254351
27401811	333	356	chlorinated derivatives	T109	C0020247
27401811	358	363	mono-	T109,T121	C0066415
27401811	368	392	di-chloro methyl paraben	T109,T121	C0066415
27401811	399	406	mollusk	T204	C0026391
27401811	407	414	samples	T077	C2347026
27401811	442	471	matrix solid-phase dispersion	T059	C0022885
27401811	473	477	MSPD	T059	C0022885
27401811	483	529	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
27401811	531	546	MSPD parameters	T170	C2825207
27401811	556	563	solvent	T130	C0037638
27401811	565	578	solid support	T130	C1254353
27401811	583	599	clean-up sorbent	T130	C1254353
27401811	606	615	optimized	T052	C2698650
27401811	670	678	parabens	T109,T121	C0030398
27401811	691	703	investigated	T169	C1292732
27401811	731	742	precleaning	T052	C1947930
27401811	747	755	sorbents	T130	C1254353
27401811	802	814	freeze-dried	T059	C0016698
27401811	815	822	mollusk	T204	C0026391
27401811	828	837	dispersed	T082	C0332624
27401811	851	857	silica	T122,T197	C0037098
27401811	862	868	packed	T052	C2828395
27401811	876	885	cartridge	T170	C1553461
27401811	903	906	C18	T109	C0029224
27401811	919	935	clean-up sorbent	T130	C1254353
27401811	942	951	cartridge	T170	C1553461
27401811	976	988	acetonitrile	T109	C0050456
27401811	990	1000	evaporated	T070	C0596539
27401811	1005	1018	reconstituted	T052	C0441655
27401811	1022	1030	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27401811	1035	1043	analysis	T062	C0936012
27401811	1052	1062	validation	T062	C1519941
27401811	1105	1115	recoveries	T052	C0237820
27401811	1146	1154	analytes	T167	C0443354
27401811	1157	1166	precision	T080	C1706245
27401811	1192	1211	limits of detection	T081	C2718050
27401811	1216	1230	quantification	T081	C0392762
27401811	1232	1235	LOD	T081	C2718050
27401811	1240	1243	LOQ	T062	C1519941
27401811	1275	1285	dry weight	T081	C1439839
27401811	1300	1306	levels	T080	C0441889
27401811	1339	1350	methodology	T170	C0969625
27401811	1366	1372	mussel	T204	C0026871
27401811	1374	1378	clam	T204	C0008894
27401811	1383	1389	cockle	T204	C0453050
27401811	1390	1397	samples	T077	C2347026
27401811	1399	1413	Methyl paraben	T109,T121	C0066415
27401811	1428	1431	LOQ	T081	C0392762
27401811	1451	1458	samples	T077	C2347026
27401811	1477	1481	clam	T204	C0008894
27401811	1482	1488	sample	T077	C2347026
27401811	1493	1507	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27401811	1523	1533	dry weight	T081	C1439839
27401811	1535	1548	Ethyl paraben	T109,T121	C0059788
27401811	1569	1572	LOQ	T081	C0392762
27401811	1576	1582	mussel	T204	C0026871
27401811	1587	1593	cockle	T204	C0453050
27401811	1594	1601	samples	T077	C2347026
27401811	1607	1626	concentration level	T081	C1446561
27401811	1646	1662	n-Propyl paraben	T109,T121	C0072238
27401811	1682	1685	LOQ	T081	C0392762
27401811	1693	1699	mussel	T204	C0026871
27401811	1700	1706	sample	T077	C2347026

27402480|t|The EpiDerm™ 3D human reconstructed skin micronucleus (RSMN) assay: Historical control data and proof of principle studies for mechanistic assay adaptations
27402480|a|The in vitro human reconstructed skin micronucleus (RSMN) assay in EpiDerm™ is a promising novel animal alternative for evaluating genotoxicity of topically applied chemicals. It is particularly useful for assessing cosmetic ingredients that can no longer be tested using in vivo assays. To advance the use of this test especially for regulatory decision-making, we have established the RSMN assay in our laboratory according to Good Laboratory Practice and following the principles of the OECD test guideline 487 in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus test. Proficiency with the assay was established by correctly identifying direct-acting genotoxins and genotoxins requiring metabolism, as well as non-genotoxic / non-carcinogenic chemicals. We also report the analysis of our historical control data that demonstrate vehicle control and positive control values for % micronuclei in binucleated cells are in the ranges reported previously. Technical issues including evaluating various solvents with both 48h and 72h treatment regimens were investigated. For the first time, mechanistic studies using CREST analysis revealed that the RSMN assay is suitable for distinguishing aneugens and clastogens. Moreover, the assay is also suitable for measuring cytokines as markers for proliferative and toxic effects of chemicals.
27402480	4	12	EpiDerm™	T170	C0282574
27402480	13	66	3D human reconstructed skin micronucleus (RSMN) assay	T059	C1511123
27402480	68	86	Historical control	T062	C3850080
27402480	87	91	data	T078	C1511726
27402480	96	101	proof	T033	C0565962
27402480	105	122	principle studies	T062	C2603343
27402480	127	144	mechanistic assay	T059	C1510438
27402480	161	220	in vitro human reconstructed skin micronucleus (RSMN) assay	T059	C1511123
27402480	224	232	EpiDerm™	T170	C0282574
27402480	254	272	animal alternative	T062	C0003059
27402480	288	300	genotoxicity	T049	C0598309
27402480	304	321	topically applied	T061	C0683174
27402480	322	331	chemicals	T103	C0220806
27402480	363	372	assessing	T058	C0184514
27402480	373	393	cosmetic ingredients	T120	C0456611
27402480	416	422	tested	T169	C0039593
27402480	429	436	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27402480	437	443	assays	T059	C1510438
27402480	472	476	test	T170	C0392366
27402480	492	502	regulatory	T089	C0220905
27402480	503	518	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27402480	544	554	RSMN assay	T059	C1511123
27402480	562	572	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27402480	586	610	Good Laboratory Practice	T185	C2983608
27402480	647	651	OECD	T093	C3850013
27402480	652	670	test guideline 487	T170	C0162791
27402480	671	679	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27402480	680	694	mammalian cell	T025	C1512977
27402480	695	712	micronucleus test	T059,T063	C0026006
27402480	735	740	assay	T059	C1510438
27402480	782	806	direct-acting genotoxins	T131	C0026879
27402480	811	821	genotoxins	T131	C0026879
27402480	832	842	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27402480	855	868	non-genotoxic	T033	C0243095
27402480	871	887	non-carcinogenic	T033	C0243095
27402480	888	897	chemicals	T103	C0220806
27402480	907	913	report	T170	C0684224
27402480	918	926	analysis	T062	C0936012
27402480	934	952	historical control	T062	C3850080
27402480	953	957	data	T078	C1511726
27402480	995	1011	positive control	T077	C1883676
27402480	1012	1018	values	T081	C0392762
27402480	1025	1036	micronuclei	T026	C4048301
27402480	1040	1057	binucleated cells	T049	C0333909
27402480	1097	1113	Technical issues	T067	C1710348
27402480	1143	1151	solvents	T130	C0037638
27402480	1174	1192	treatment regimens	T061	C0040808
27402480	1198	1210	investigated	T169	C1292732
27402480	1232	1251	mechanistic studies	T089	C2698671
27402480	1258	1272	CREST analysis	T062	C0242481
27402480	1291	1301	RSMN assay	T059	C1510438
27402480	1333	1341	aneugens	T120	C0949641
27402480	1346	1356	clastogens	T131	C0008904
27402480	1372	1377	assay	T059	C1510438
27402480	1409	1418	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27402480	1422	1429	markers	T080	C0162489
27402480	1434	1447	proliferative	T046	C0334094
27402480	1452	1465	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
27402480	1469	1478	chemicals	T103	C0220806

27402799|t|Two-stage reconstructive overlapping stent LEO+ and SILK for treatment of intracranial circumferential fusiform aneurysms in the posterior circulation
27402799|a|Intracranial circumferential fusiform aneurysms of the posterior circulation involving arterial branches or perforating vessels are difficult to treat. This article shows an endovascular reconstruction technique not yet described, using a telescoping self-expandable stent (LEO+) and flow-diverter device (SILK) at different surgical times. Two patients with circumferential fusiform aneurysm, one being an aneurysm of the segments P2 and P3 of the posterior cerebral artery, diagnosed after a headache, and the other a partially thrombosed aneurysm of the lower basilar artery, diagnosed following ischemia of the brain stem. Endovascular treatment was performed by means of a vascular reconstruction technique that used at different surgical times: overlapping; a telescoped self-expandable stent, LEO+; and a flow-diverter device, SILK. Angiographic control was carried out at 6 and 12 months, to evaluate arterial patency, flow maintenance in the arterial branches and perforating vessels, and thrombosis of the aneurysm. The combined use at different surgical times of the self-expandable stent and flow-diverter device was technically successful in both patients. There were no complications during the procedure, nor in the long-term follow-up with full arterial vascular reconstruction, maintenance of cerebral perfusion and complete aneurysm occlusion at the 6- and 12- month angiographic follow-up. There was no aneurysm recanalization nor intra-stent stenosis. Circumferential fusiform aneurysm of the posterior circulation involving arterial branches or perforating vessels to the brain stem may be treated with this arterial reconstruction technique at different surgical times, using the self-expandable stent called LEO+ and the flow-diverter device SILK, minimizing the risk of complications and failure of the endovascular technique, with the potential for arterial reconstruction with thrombosis of the aneurysmatic sac, as well as flow maintenance in the eloquent arteries, in this type of cerebral aneurysm.
27402799	10	24	reconstructive	T061	C0524865
27402799	25	42	overlapping stent	T074	C0038257
27402799	43	47	LEO+	T074	C0038257
27402799	52	56	SILK	T074	C0025080
27402799	61	70	treatment	T061	C0087111
27402799	74	86	intracranial	T029	C0524466
27402799	87	102	circumferential	T082	C0205113
27402799	103	121	fusiform aneurysms	T190	C0333099
27402799	129	138	posterior	T082	C1254362
27402799	139	150	circulation	T039	C0005775
27402799	151	163	Intracranial	T029	C0524466
27402799	164	179	circumferential	T082	C0205113
27402799	180	198	fusiform aneurysms	T190	C0333099
27402799	206	215	posterior	T082	C1254362
27402799	216	227	circulation	T039	C0005775
27402799	238	255	arterial branches	T023	C0003842
27402799	259	270	perforating	T033	C0549099
27402799	271	278	vessels	T023	C0005847
27402799	271	278	vessels	T023	C0005847
27402799	283	292	difficult	T080	C0332218
27402799	296	301	treat	T169	C1522326
27402799	325	337	endovascular	T029	C0524425
27402799	338	362	reconstruction technique	T061	C0524865
27402799	390	423	telescoping self-expandable stent	T074	C4042807
27402799	425	429	LEO+	T074	C0038257
27402799	435	455	flow-diverter device	T074	C0025080
27402799	457	461	SILK	T074	C0025080
27402799	466	475	different	T080	C1705242
27402799	476	490	surgical times	T079	C3494201
27402799	496	504	patients	T101	C0030705
27402799	510	525	circumferential	T082	C0205113
27402799	526	543	fusiform aneurysm	T190	C0333099
27402799	558	566	aneurysm	T047	C0002940
27402799	600	625	posterior cerebral artery	T023	C0149576
27402799	627	636	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27402799	645	653	headache	T184	C0018681
27402799	671	680	partially	T081	C0728938
27402799	681	700	thrombosed aneurysm	T047	C1265766
27402799	708	713	lower	T029	C1548802
27402799	714	728	basilar artery	T023	C0004811
27402799	730	739	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27402799	750	758	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27402799	766	776	brain stem	T023	C0006121
27402799	778	790	Endovascular	T029	C0524425
27402799	791	800	treatment	T061	C0524865
27402799	829	837	vascular	T023	C0005847
27402799	838	862	reconstruction technique	T061	C0524865
27402799	876	885	different	T080	C1705242
27402799	886	900	surgical times	T079	C3494201
27402799	902	949	overlapping; a telescoped self-expandable stent	T061	C2937236
27402799	951	955	LEO+	T074	C0038257
27402799	963	983	flow-diverter device	T074	C0025080
27402799	985	989	SILK	T074	C0025080
27402799	991	1003	Angiographic	T060	C0002978
27402799	1004	1011	control	T080	C0243148
27402799	1040	1046	months	T079	C0439231
27402799	1060	1076	arterial patency	T201	C1508228
27402799	1078	1082	flow	T070	C0806140
27402799	1083	1094	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27402799	1102	1119	arterial branches	T023	C0003842
27402799	1124	1135	perforating	T033	C0549099
27402799	1136	1143	vessels	T023	C0005847
27402799	1149	1159	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27402799	1167	1175	aneurysm	T047	C0002940
27402799	1181	1189	combined	T080	C0205195
27402799	1197	1206	different	T080	C1705242
27402799	1207	1221	surgical times	T079	C3494201
27402799	1229	1250	self-expandable stent	T074	C4042807
27402799	1255	1275	flow-diverter device	T074	C0025080
27402799	1292	1302	successful	T080	C1272703
27402799	1311	1319	patients	T101	C0030705
27402799	1335	1348	complications	T046	C0009566
27402799	1360	1369	procedure	T169	C2700391
27402799	1382	1391	long-term	T079	C0443252
27402799	1392	1401	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27402799	1412	1420	arterial	T023	C0003842
27402799	1421	1429	vascular	T023	C0005847
27402799	1430	1444	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27402799	1446	1457	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27402799	1461	1479	cerebral perfusion	T061	C3162005
27402799	1484	1492	complete	T080	C0205197
27402799	1493	1501	aneurysm	T047	C0002940
27402799	1502	1511	occlusion	T169	C0441597
27402799	1530	1535	month	T079	C0439231
27402799	1536	1548	angiographic	T060	C0002978
27402799	1549	1558	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27402799	1573	1596	aneurysm recanalization	T037	C3854508
27402799	1601	1621	intra-stent stenosis	T046	C1261287
27402799	1623	1638	Circumferential	T082	C0205113
27402799	1639	1656	fusiform aneurysm	T190	C0333099
27402799	1664	1673	posterior	T082	C1254362
27402799	1674	1685	circulation	T039	C0005775
27402799	1696	1713	arterial branches	T023	C0003842
27402799	1717	1728	perforating	T033	C0549099
27402799	1729	1736	vessels	T023	C0005847
27402799	1744	1754	brain stem	T023	C0006121
27402799	1762	1769	treated	T169	C1522326
27402799	1780	1788	arterial	T023	C0003842
27402799	1789	1813	reconstruction technique	T061	C0524865
27402799	1817	1826	different	T080	C1705242
27402799	1827	1841	surgical times	T079	C3494201
27402799	1853	1874	self-expandable stent	T074	C4042807
27402799	1882	1886	LEO+	T074	C0038257
27402799	1895	1915	flow-diverter device	T074	C0025080
27402799	1916	1920	SILK	T074	C0025080
27402799	1922	1932	minimizing	T080	C0392756
27402799	1937	1941	risk	T078	C0035647
27402799	1945	1958	complications	T046	C0009566
27402799	1963	1970	failure	T169	C0231175
27402799	1978	1990	endovascular	T029	C0524425
27402799	1991	2000	technique	T061	C0524865
27402799	2011	2020	potential	T080	C3245505
27402799	2025	2048	arterial reconstruction	T061	C2937236
27402799	2054	2064	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27402799	2072	2088	aneurysmatic sac	T047	C0002940
27402799	2101	2105	flow	T070	C0806140
27402799	2106	2117	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27402799	2125	2142	eloquent arteries	T023	C0003842
27402799	2160	2177	cerebral aneurysm	T047	C0917996

27402827|t|Wnt-5a / Frizzled9 receptor signaling through the Gαo / Gβγ complex regulates dendritic spine formation
27402827|a|Wnt ligands play crucial roles in the development and regulation of synapse structure and function. Specifically, Wnt-5a acts as a secreted growth factor that regulates dendritic spine formation in rodent hippocampal neurons, resulting in postsynaptic development that promotes the clustering of the postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95). Here, we focused on the early events occurring after the interaction between Wnt-5a and its Frizzled receptor at the neuronal cell surface. Additionally, we studied the role of heterotrimeric G proteins in Wnt-5a -dependent synaptic development. We report that Frizzled9 (FZD9), a Wnt receptor related to Williams' syndrome, is localized in the postsynaptic region, where it interacts with Wnt-5a. Functionally, FZD9 is required for the Wnt-5a -mediated increase in dendritic spine density. FZD9 forms a pre-coupled complex with Gαo under basal conditions that dissociates after Wnt-5a stimulation. Accordingly, we found that G-protein inhibition abrogates Wnt-5a -dependent pathway in hippocampal neurons. In particular, the activation of Gαo appears to be a key factor controlling the Wnt-5a - induced dendritic spine density. In addition, we found that Gβγ is required for the Wnt-5a -mediated increase in cytosolic calcium levels and spinogenesis. Our findings reveal that FZD9 and heterotrimeric G proteins regulate Wnt-5a signaling and dendritic spines in cultured hippocampal neurons.
27402827	0	6	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	9	18	Frizzled9	T116,T192	C1438694
27402827	19	37	receptor signaling	T044	C1514762
27402827	50	53	Gαo	T116,T126	C3884317
27402827	56	67	Gβγ complex	T116,T123	C0596637
27402827	68	77	regulates	T038	C1327622
27402827	78	93	dendritic spine	T026	C0872341
27402827	94	103	formation	T043	C0007613
27402827	104	115	Wnt ligands	T116,T123	C0033684
27402827	142	153	development	T042	C1254358
27402827	158	202	regulation of synapse structure and function	T042	C1325905
27402827	218	224	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	235	257	secreted growth factor	T116,T123	C0018284
27402827	263	272	regulates	T038	C1327622
27402827	273	288	dendritic spine	T026	C0872341
27402827	289	298	formation	T043	C0007613
27402827	302	308	rodent	T015	C0035804
27402827	309	320	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27402827	321	328	neurons	T025	C0027882
27402827	343	355	postsynaptic	T026	C1167384
27402827	356	367	development	T042	C1254358
27402827	386	444	clustering of the postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95)	T043	C3269066
27402827	470	475	early	T079	C1279919
27402827	476	482	events	T051	C0441471
27402827	503	514	interaction	T044	C0872079
27402827	523	529	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	538	555	Frizzled receptor	T116,T192	C1564903
27402827	563	571	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27402827	572	584	cell surface	T026	C0699040
27402827	615	619	role	T077	C1705810
27402827	623	648	heterotrimeric G proteins	T116,T126	C0752348
27402827	652	658	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	670	678	synaptic	T026	C0039063
27402827	679	690	development	T042	C1254358
27402827	707	716	Frizzled9	T116,T192	C1438694
27402827	718	722	FZD9	T116,T192	C1438694
27402827	727	730	Wnt	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	731	739	receptor	T116,T192	C1564903
27402827	751	769	Williams' syndrome	T047	C0175702
27402827	791	810	postsynaptic region	UnknownType	C0682686
27402827	821	830	interacts	T044	C0872079
27402827	836	842	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	858	862	FZD9	T116,T192	C1438694
27402827	883	889	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	900	908	increase	T169	C0442805
27402827	912	935	dendritic spine density	T026	C0872341
27402827	937	941	FZD9	T116,T192	C1438694
27402827	950	969	pre-coupled complex	T026	C3893600
27402827	975	978	Gαo	T116,T126	C3884317
27402827	985	1001	basal conditions	T070	C1254365
27402827	1007	1018	dissociates	T044	C0301643
27402827	1025	1031	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	1032	1043	stimulation	T044	C1148560
27402827	1072	1102	G-protein inhibition abrogates	T043	C0007613
27402827	1103	1109	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	1121	1128	pathway	T044	C1704259
27402827	1132	1143	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27402827	1144	1151	neurons	T025	C0027882
27402827	1172	1182	activation	T052	C1879547
27402827	1186	1189	Gαo	T116,T126	C3884317
27402827	1217	1228	controlling	T067	C2239193
27402827	1233	1239	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	1242	1249	induced	T169	C0205263
27402827	1250	1273	dendritic spine density	T026	C0872341
27402827	1302	1305	Gβγ	T116,T123	C0596637
27402827	1326	1332	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	1343	1351	increase	T169	C0442805
27402827	1355	1364	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
27402827	1365	1372	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27402827	1373	1379	levels	T080	C0441889
27402827	1384	1396	spinogenesis	T043	C0007613
27402827	1402	1410	findings	T169	C2607943
27402827	1423	1427	FZD9	T116,T192	C1438694
27402827	1432	1457	heterotrimeric G proteins	T116,T126	C0752348
27402827	1458	1466	regulate	T038	C1327622
27402827	1467	1473	Wnt-5a	T116,T123	C4255015
27402827	1474	1483	signaling	T044	C0037080
27402827	1488	1504	dendritic spines	T026	C0872341
27402827	1508	1516	cultured	T025	C0007635
27402827	1517	1528	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27402827	1529	1536	neurons	T025	C0027882

27403105|t|A Delayed Diagnosis of Chronic Mesenteric Ischaemia: The Role of Clinicians ' Cognitive Errors
27403105|a|Chronic diarrhoeal illnesses with nausea and weight loss are a common indication for gastroenterology review. While many such cases have intra-luminal aetiologies, such as inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease or other malabsorptive conditions, with many other cases due to functional gut disorders or systemic malignancy, clinicians must also keep vascular disorders in mind. Here we report a patient with a delayed diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischaemia after 6 months of gastrointestinal symptoms strongly mimicking an alternative diagnosis such as inflammatory bowel disease due an atypical predominance of nausea and diarrhoea rather than pain. We briefly review the literature on treatment of this condition but also discuss with particular attention the sequence of cognitive errors made by clinicians that led to a diagnostic delay, inviting readers to thus reflect on how such errors can be minimised in their practice.
27403105	2	9	Delayed	T079	C0205421
27403105	10	19	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27403105	23	51	Chronic Mesenteric Ischaemia	T047	C0311262
27403105	65	75	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
27403105	78	87	Cognitive	T169	C1516691
27403105	88	94	Errors	T080	C0743559
27403105	95	102	Chronic	T079	C0205191
27403105	103	123	diarrhoeal illnesses	T047	C1290807
27403105	129	135	nausea	T184	C0027497
27403105	140	151	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27403105	158	164	common	T081	C0205214
27403105	165	175	indication	T078	C3146298
27403105	180	196	gastroenterology	T091	C0017163
27403105	197	203	review	T078	C1552617
27403105	232	245	intra-luminal	T082	C0442115
27403105	246	257	aetiologies	T169	C1314792
27403105	267	293	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
27403105	295	310	coeliac disease	T047	C0007570
27403105	320	344	malabsorptive conditions	T033	C3280502
27403105	375	385	functional	T169	C0205245
27403105	386	389	gut	T023	C0699819
27403105	390	399	disorders	T047	C0012634
27403105	403	411	systemic	T169	C0205373
27403105	412	422	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27403105	424	434	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27403105	450	468	vascular disorders	T047	C0042373
27403105	495	502	patient	T101	C0030705
27403105	510	517	delayed	T079	C0205421
27403105	518	527	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27403105	531	559	chronic mesenteric ischaemia	T047	C0311262
27403105	568	574	months	T079	C0439231
27403105	578	603	gastrointestinal symptoms	T184	C0426576
27403105	626	637	alternative	T077	C1523987
27403105	638	647	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27403105	656	682	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
27403105	690	698	atypical	T080	C0205182
27403105	699	711	predominance	T169	C1527180
27403105	715	721	nausea	T184	C0027497
27403105	726	735	diarrhoea	T184	C0011991
27403105	748	752	pain	T184	C0030193
27403105	765	771	review	T078	C1552617
27403105	776	786	literature	T170	C0023866
27403105	790	799	treatment	T169	C1522326
27403105	808	817	condition	T047	C0012634
27403105	865	873	sequence	T169	C1519249
27403105	877	886	cognitive	T169	C1516691
27403105	887	893	errors	T080	C0743559
27403105	902	912	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27403105	927	937	diagnostic	T033	C0011900
27403105	938	943	delay	T079	C0205421
27403105	990	996	errors	T080	C0743559
27403105	1004	1013	minimised	T080	C0392756
27403105	1023	1031	practice	T057	C0205897

27403338|t|Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
27403338|a|Purpose. To compare the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and PEX glaucoma with the normal eyes of healthy controls. Materials and Methods. In this prospective study, 30 eyes of 30 patients with PEX syndrome, 28 eyes of 28 patients with PEX glaucoma, and 30 eyes of 30 age -matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Choroidal thicknesses in the macular and peripapillary areas were measured by using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Results. Gender, age, and axial length did not significantly differ between the groups (all, p > 0.05). The mean values of choroidal thickness in the macular and peripapillary areas (except the superior quadrant) in the patients with PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma were lower compared with controls (all p < 0.05). The mean values of the macular and peripapillary choroidal thickness in the PEX glaucoma group were lower compared with PEX syndrome group; however this difference was not significant. Conclusions. The findings of this study revealed that macular and peripapillary choroidal thicknesses were decreased in PEX syndrome and PEX glaucoma cases. The role of choroid in the development of glaucomatous damage in patients with PEX syndrome remains unclear.
27403338	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27403338	14	23	Choroidal	T023	C0008520
27403338	24	33	Thickness	T080	C1280412
27403338	37	45	Patients	T101	C0030705
27403338	51	77	Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome	T047	C0206368
27403338	82	108	Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma	T047	C0206368
27403338	109	116	Purpose	T169	C1285529
27403338	121	128	compare	T052	C1707455
27403338	133	140	macular	T082	C0332574
27403338	145	158	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
27403338	159	168	choroidal	T023	C0008520
27403338	169	178	thickness	T080	C1280412
27403338	182	186	eyes	T023	C0015392
27403338	192	224	pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome	T047	C0206368
27403338	229	241	PEX glaucoma	T047	C0206368
27403338	251	257	normal	T080	C0205307
27403338	258	262	eyes	T023	C0015392
27403338	266	273	healthy	T080	C3898900
27403338	274	282	controls	T096	C0009932
27403338	315	332	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27403338	337	341	eyes	T023	C0015392
27403338	348	356	patients	T101	C0030705
27403338	362	374	PEX syndrome	T047	C0206368
27403338	379	383	eyes	T023	C0015392
27403338	390	398	patients	T101	C0030705
27403338	404	416	PEX glaucoma	T047	C0206368
27403338	425	429	eyes	T023	C0015392
27403338	436	439	age	T032	C0001779
27403338	449	456	healthy	T080	C3898900
27403338	457	465	subjects	T096	C0681850
27403338	481	490	Choroidal	T023	C0008520
27403338	491	502	thicknesses	T080	C1280412
27403338	510	517	macular	T082	C0332574
27403338	522	535	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
27403338	536	541	areas	T082	C0205146
27403338	547	555	measured	T080	C0444706
27403338	565	609	spectral domain optical coherence tomography	T074	C3876157
27403338	620	626	Gender	T032	C0079399
27403338	628	631	age	T032	C0001779
27403338	637	649	axial length	T081	C2936396
27403338	654	671	not significantly	T033	C1273937
27403338	691	697	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27403338	719	730	mean values	T081	C0444504
27403338	734	743	choroidal	T023	C0008520
27403338	744	753	thickness	T080	C1280412
27403338	761	768	macular	T082	C0332574
27403338	773	786	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
27403338	787	792	areas	T082	C0205146
27403338	794	800	except	T169	C0332300
27403338	805	813	superior	T082	C1282910
27403338	814	822	quadrant	T082	C1631280
27403338	831	839	patients	T101	C0030705
27403338	845	857	PEX syndrome	T047	C0206368
27403338	862	874	PEX glaucoma	T047	C0206368
27403338	880	885	lower	T052	C2003888
27403338	886	894	compared	T052	C1707455
27403338	900	908	controls	T096	C0009932
27403338	929	940	mean values	T081	C0444504
27403338	948	955	macular	T082	C0332574
27403338	960	973	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
27403338	974	983	choroidal	T023	C0008520
27403338	984	993	thickness	T080	C1280412
27403338	1001	1013	PEX glaucoma	T047	C0206368
27403338	1014	1019	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27403338	1025	1030	lower	T052	C2003888
27403338	1031	1039	compared	T052	C1707455
27403338	1045	1057	PEX syndrome	T047	C0206368
27403338	1058	1063	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27403338	1078	1088	difference	T080	C1705242
27403338	1093	1108	not significant	T033	C1273937
27403338	1127	1135	findings	T033	C0243095
27403338	1144	1149	study	T062	C2603343
27403338	1150	1158	revealed	T080	C0443289
27403338	1164	1171	macular	T082	C0332574
27403338	1176	1189	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
27403338	1190	1199	choroidal	T023	C0008520
27403338	1200	1211	thicknesses	T080	C1280412
27403338	1217	1226	decreased	T081	C0205216
27403338	1230	1242	PEX syndrome	T047	C0206368
27403338	1247	1259	PEX glaucoma	T047	C0206368
27403338	1260	1265	cases	T169	C0868928
27403338	1279	1286	choroid	T023	C0008520
27403338	1294	1305	development	T169	C1527148
27403338	1309	1321	glaucomatous	T047	C0017601
27403338	1322	1328	damage	T169	C1883709
27403338	1332	1340	patients	T101	C0030705
27403338	1346	1358	PEX syndrome	T047	C0206368
27403338	1367	1374	unclear	T033	C3845108

27403678|t|Polysaccharide - Specific Memory B Cells Predict Protection against Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
27403678|a|We have previously demonstrated that experimental pneumococcal carriage enhances immunity and protects healthy adults against carriage reacquisition after rechallenge with a homologous strain. To investigate the role of naturally acquired pneumococcal protein and polysaccharide (PS)- specific immunity in protection against carriage acquisition using a heterologous challenge model. We identified healthy volunteers that were naturally colonized with pneumococcus and, after clearance of their natural carriage episode, challenged them with a heterologous 6B strain. In another cohort of volunteers we assessed 6BPS - specific, PspA - specific, and PspC - specific IgG and IgA plasma and memory B-cell populations before and 7, 14, and 35 days after experimental pneumococcal inoculation. Heterologous challenge with 6B resulted in 50% carriage among volunteers with previous natural pneumococcal carriage. Protection from carriage was associated with a high number of circulating 6BPS IgG - secreting memory B cells at baseline. There were no associations between protection from carriage and baseline levels of 6BPS IgG in serum or nasal wash, PspA - specific, or PspC - specific memory B cells or plasma cells. In volunteers who did not develop carriage, the number of circulating 6BPS memory B cells decreased and the number of 6BPS plasma cells increased postinoculation. Our data indicate that naturally acquired PS - specific memory B cells, but not levels of circulating IgG at time of pneumococcal exposure, are associated with protection against carriage acquisition.
27403678	0	14	Polysaccharide	T109,T129	C0032595
27403678	17	25	Specific	T080	C0205369
27403678	26	40	Memory B Cells	T025	C0682638
27403678	49	59	Protection	T033	C1545588
27403678	68	80	Experimental	T080	C1517586
27403678	81	86	Human	T016	C0086418
27403678	87	99	Pneumococcal	T007	C0038410
27403678	100	108	Carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	117	127	previously	T079	C0205156
27403678	146	158	experimental	T080	C1517586
27403678	159	171	pneumococcal	T007	C0038410
27403678	172	180	carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	181	189	enhances	T052	C2349975
27403678	190	198	immunity	T039	C0020964
27403678	203	211	protects	T033	C1545588
27403678	212	219	healthy	T080	C3898900
27403678	220	226	adults	T100	C0001675
27403678	227	234	against	T080	C0521124
27403678	235	243	carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	244	257	reacquisition	T052	C1706701
27403678	264	275	rechallenge	T061	C2347900
27403678	283	293	homologous	T032	C0301883
27403678	294	300	strain	T001	C1518614
27403678	329	338	naturally	T169	C0205296
27403678	339	347	acquired	T080	C0439661
27403678	348	368	pneumococcal protein	T116,T123	C0004627
27403678	373	387	polysaccharide	T109,T129	C0032595
27403678	389	391	PS	T109,T129	C0032595
27403678	394	402	specific	T080	C0205369
27403678	403	411	immunity	T039	C0020964
27403678	415	425	protection	T033	C1545588
27403678	426	433	against	T080	C0521124
27403678	434	442	carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	443	454	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27403678	463	485	heterologous challenge	T039	C3658217
27403678	507	525	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27403678	536	545	naturally	T169	C0205296
27403678	546	555	colonized	T025	C1947989
27403678	561	573	pneumococcus	T007	C0038410
27403678	585	594	clearance	T080	C0449297
27403678	604	611	natural	T169	C0205296
27403678	612	620	carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	621	628	episode	T079	C0332189
27403678	653	665	heterologous	T032	C0301884
27403678	666	675	6B strain	T007	C1688613
27403678	688	694	cohort	T098	C0599755
27403678	698	708	volunteers	T098	C1708335
27403678	721	725	6BPS	T109,T129	C0032595
27403678	728	736	specific	T080	C0205369
27403678	738	742	PspA	T116,T129	C0071312
27403678	745	753	specific	T080	C0205369
27403678	759	763	PspC	T116,T129	C2000489
27403678	766	774	specific	T080	C0205369
27403678	775	778	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27403678	783	786	IgA	T116,T129	C0020835
27403678	787	793	plasma	T025	C0032112
27403678	798	823	memory B-cell populations	T025	C0682638
27403678	824	830	before	T079	C0332152
27403678	854	859	after	T079	C0687676
27403678	860	872	experimental	T080	C1517586
27403678	873	885	pneumococcal	T007	C0038410
27403678	886	897	inoculation	T061	C2987620
27403678	899	921	Heterologous challenge	T039	C3658217
27403678	927	929	6B	T007	C1688613
27403678	946	954	carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	961	971	volunteers	T098	C1708335
27403678	977	985	previous	T079	C0205156
27403678	986	993	natural	T169	C0205296
27403678	994	1006	pneumococcal	T007	C0038410
27403678	1007	1015	carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	1017	1027	Protection	T033	C1545588
27403678	1033	1041	carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	1046	1061	associated with	T080	C0332281
27403678	1064	1068	high	T080	C0205250
27403678	1079	1090	circulating	T169	C0175630
27403678	1091	1095	6BPS	T109,T129	C0032595
27403678	1096	1099	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27403678	1102	1111	secreting	T043	C1327616
27403678	1112	1126	memory B cells	T025	C0682638
27403678	1130	1138	baseline	T081	C1442488
27403678	1154	1166	associations	T080	C0439849
27403678	1175	1185	protection	T033	C1545588
27403678	1191	1199	carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	1204	1212	baseline	T081	C1442488
27403678	1213	1219	levels	T080	C0441889
27403678	1223	1227	6BPS	T109,T129	C0032595
27403678	1228	1231	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27403678	1235	1240	serum	T031	C0229671
27403678	1244	1254	nasal wash	T031	C0206289
27403678	1256	1260	PspA	T116,T129	C0071312
27403678	1263	1271	specific	T080	C0205369
27403678	1276	1280	PspC	T116,T129	C2000489
27403678	1283	1291	specific	T080	C0205369
27403678	1292	1306	memory B cells	T025	C0682638
27403678	1310	1322	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27403678	1327	1337	volunteers	T098	C1708335
27403678	1346	1357	not develop	T033	C0243095
27403678	1358	1366	carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	1382	1393	circulating	T169	C0175630
27403678	1394	1398	6BPS	T109,T129	C0032595
27403678	1399	1413	memory B cells	T025	C0682638
27403678	1414	1423	decreased	T081	C0205216
27403678	1442	1446	6BPS	T109,T129	C0032595
27403678	1447	1459	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27403678	1460	1469	increased	T081	C0205217
27403678	1470	1485	postinoculation	T033	C0231291
27403678	1510	1519	naturally	T169	C0205296
27403678	1520	1528	acquired	T080	C0439661
27403678	1529	1531	PS	T109,T129	C0032595
27403678	1534	1542	specific	T080	C0205369
27403678	1543	1557	memory B cells	T025	C0682638
27403678	1563	1573	not levels	T033	C0243095
27403678	1577	1588	circulating	T169	C0175630
27403678	1589	1592	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27403678	1604	1616	pneumococcal	T007	C0038410
27403678	1617	1625	exposure	T080	C0332157
27403678	1631	1646	associated with	T080	C0332281
27403678	1647	1657	protection	T033	C1545588
27403678	1658	1665	against	T080	C0521124
27403678	1666	1674	carriage	T033	C0853960
27403678	1675	1686	acquisition	T052	C1706701

27404405|t|A Retrospective Review of Forensic Odontology Reports Written by the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command Central Identification Laboratory for Remains Identified from the Korean War
27404405|a|As of August 2014, the Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command has identified the remains of 1980 previously unknown U.S. service members; 280 were from the Korean War. To determine the accuracy and completeness of the available antemortem (AM) dental records, a review of the AM / postmortem (AM / PM) dental record comparisons from 233 Forensic Odontology Reports written in support of remains identified from the Korean War was performed. Seventy-two AM / PM comparisons resulted in exact dental chartings while 161 contained discrepancies which were explainable. Explainable discrepancies include undocumented treatment (103), incorrectly charted third molars as missing (82), differing opinions of specific molars present / missing (20), and erroneous treatment documentation and/or misidentification of teeth present / missing (22, other than molars). Reassessment has revealed varying levels of completeness for our available AM dental records, the need to thoroughly review our computerized comparisons, adjust our comparisons to include molar pattern variations / third molars, and updating our database comparison program.
27404405	2	15	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
27404405	16	22	Review	T170	C0282443
27404405	26	53	Forensic Odontology Reports	T170	C0684224
27404405	69	101	Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command	T092	C2936635
27404405	102	135	Central Identification Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27404405	140	147	Remains	T023	C4280042
27404405	148	158	Identified	T080	C0205396
27404405	168	178	Korean War	T052	C1449776
27404405	202	234	Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command	T092	C2936635
27404405	239	249	identified	T080	C0205396
27404405	254	261	remains	T023	C4280042
27404405	289	293	U.S.	T083	C0041703
27404405	294	309	service members	T097	C0027363
27404405	329	339	Korean War	T052	C1449776
27404405	358	366	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27404405	371	383	completeness	T080	C0439812
27404405	401	411	antemortem	T079	C1254367
27404405	413	415	AM	T079	C1254367
27404405	417	431	dental records	T170	C0011412
27404405	435	441	review	T170	C0282443
27404405	449	451	AM	T079	C1254367
27404405	454	464	postmortem	T079	C0580205
27404405	466	468	AM	T079	C1254367
27404405	471	473	PM	T079	C0580205
27404405	475	488	dental record	T170	C0011412
27404405	489	500	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27404405	510	537	Forensic Odontology Reports	T170	C0684224
27404405	560	567	remains	T023	C4280042
27404405	568	578	identified	T080	C0205396
27404405	588	598	Korean War	T052	C1449776
27404405	626	628	AM	T079	C1254367
27404405	631	633	PM	T079	C0580205
27404405	634	645	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27404405	664	680	dental chartings	T170	C0011412
27404405	701	714	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
27404405	751	764	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
27404405	773	785	undocumented	T033	C0243095
27404405	786	795	treatment	T061	C0087111
27404405	815	822	charted	T170	C0011412
27404405	823	828	third	T081	C0205437
27404405	829	835	molars	T023	C0026367
27404405	839	846	missing	T080	C1705492
27404405	884	890	molars	T023	C0026367
27404405	891	898	present	T033	C0150312
27404405	901	908	missing	T080	C1705492
27404405	919	928	erroneous	T078	C1547323
27404405	929	938	treatment	T061	C0087111
27404405	939	952	documentation	T170	C0920316
27404405	960	977	misidentification	T033	C0243095
27404405	981	986	teeth	T023	C0040426
27404405	987	994	present	T033	C0150312
27404405	997	1004	missing	T080	C1705492
27404405	1021	1027	molars	T023	C0026367
27404405	1064	1070	levels	T080	C0441889
27404405	1074	1086	completeness	T080	C0439812
27404405	1105	1107	AM	T079	C1254367
27404405	1108	1122	dental records	T170	C0011412
27404405	1147	1153	review	T170	C0282443
27404405	1158	1182	computerized comparisons	T052	C1707455
27404405	1195	1206	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27404405	1218	1223	molar	T023	C0026367
27404405	1224	1231	pattern	T082	C0449774
27404405	1232	1242	variations	T080	C0205419
27404405	1245	1250	third	T081	C0205437
27404405	1251	1257	molars	T023	C0026367
27404405	1276	1284	database	T170	C0242356
27404405	1285	1295	comparison	T052	C1707455
27404405	1296	1303	program	T169	C3484370

27404466|t|Predicting Sources of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen to an Estuary from an Agro - Urban Coastal Watershed
27404466|a|Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) is the nitrogen (N) -containing component of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and in aquatic ecosystems is part of the biologically-reactive nitrogen pool that can degrade water quality in N - sensitive waters. Unlike inorganic N (nitrate and ammonium) DON is comprised of many different molecules of variable reactivity. Few methods exist to track the sources of DON in watersheds. In this study, DOM excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence of eight discrete DON sources was measured and modeled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and the resulting model (" FluorMod ") was fit to 516 EEMs measured in surface waters from the main stem of the Neuse River and its tributaries, located in eastern North Carolina. PARAFAC components were positively correlated to DON concentration and principle components analysis (PCA) was used to confirm separation of the eight sources. Model validation was achieved by measurement of source samples not included in the model development with an error of <10%. Application of FluorMod to surface waters of streams within the Neuse River Basin showed while >70% of DON was attributed to natural sources, non-point sources, such as soil and poultry litter leachates and street runoff, accounted for the remaining 30%. This result was consistent with changes in land use from urbanized Raleigh metropolitan area to the largely agricultural Southeastern coastal plain. Overall, the predicted fraction of non-point DON sources was consistent with previous reports of increased organic N inputs in this river basin, which are suspected of impacting the water quality of its estuary.
27404466	11	18	Sources	T033	C0449416
27404466	32	48	Organic Nitrogen	T109	C0576728
27404466	71	75	Agro	T090	C0001829
27404466	78	83	Urban	T083	C0442529
27404466	84	101	Coastal Watershed	T083	C0442542
27404466	112	128	organic nitrogen	T109	C0576728
27404466	130	133	DON	T109	C0576728
27404466	142	154	nitrogen (N)	T123,T196	C0028158
27404466	167	176	component	T077	C1705248
27404466	190	204	organic matter	T109	C0029224
27404466	206	209	DOM	T109	C0029224
27404466	218	236	aquatic ecosystems	T067	C0563034
27404466	252	273	biologically-reactive	T123	C0566267
27404466	274	282	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
27404466	322	323	N	T123,T196	C0028158
27404466	326	335	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27404466	336	342	waters	T121,T197	C0043047
27404466	351	362	inorganic N	T123,T196	C0028158
27404466	364	371	nitrate	T104	C0028125
27404466	376	384	ammonium	T197	C0002611
27404466	386	389	DON	T109	C0576728
27404466	443	453	reactivity	UnknownType	C0678596
27404466	486	493	sources	T033	C0449416
27404466	497	500	DON	T109	C0576728
27404466	531	534	DOM	T109	C0029224
27404466	535	580	excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence	T059	C0242506
27404466	599	602	DON	T109	C0576728
27404466	603	610	sources	T033	C0449416
27404466	641	665	parallel factor analysis	T081	C0015483
27404466	667	674	PARAFAC	T081	C0015483
27404466	694	699	model	T170	C3161035
27404466	703	711	FluorMod	T170	C3161035
27404466	730	734	EEMs	T059	C0242506
27404466	747	754	surface	T082	C0205148
27404466	755	761	waters	T121,T197	C0043047
27404466	788	799	Neuse River	T070	C0337050
27404466	808	819	tributaries	T070	C1254365
27404466	832	839	eastern	T082	C1707877
27404466	840	854	North Carolina	T083	C0028407
27404466	856	863	PARAFAC	T081	C0015483
27404466	891	901	correlated	T080	C1707520
27404466	905	908	DON	T109	C0576728
27404466	909	922	concentration	T081	C1446561
27404466	927	956	principle components analysis	T081	C0237692
27404466	958	961	PCA	T081	C0237692
27404466	1007	1014	sources	T033	C0449416
27404466	1016	1021	Model	T170	C3161035
27404466	1022	1032	validation	T062	C1519941
27404466	1064	1070	source	T033	C0449416
27404466	1071	1078	samples	T167	C0370003
27404466	1099	1104	model	T170	C3161035
27404466	1105	1116	development	T169	C1527148
27404466	1155	1163	FluorMod	T170	C3161035
27404466	1175	1181	waters	T121,T197	C0043047
27404466	1185	1192	streams	T070	C0442540
27404466	1204	1215	Neuse River	T070	C0337050
27404466	1243	1246	DON	T109	C0576728
27404466	1265	1272	natural	T169	C0205296
27404466	1273	1280	sources	T033	C0449416
27404466	1292	1299	sources	T033	C0449416
27404466	1309	1313	soil	T167	C0037592
27404466	1318	1325	poultry	T012	C0032850
27404466	1326	1332	litter	T167	C0439861
27404466	1333	1342	leachates	T131	C1720817
27404466	1347	1360	street runoff	T073	C0442658
27404466	1452	1461	urbanized	T068	C0041938
27404466	1462	1487	Raleigh metropolitan area	T083	C3828412
27404466	1503	1515	agricultural	T090	C0001829
27404466	1516	1528	Southeastern	T082	C1711190
27404466	1529	1542	coastal plain	T082	C0557760
27404466	1589	1592	DON	T109	C0576728
27404466	1593	1600	sources	T033	C0449416
27404466	1651	1660	organic N	T109	C0576728
27404466	1676	1687	river basin	T070	C0337050
27404466	1726	1739	water quality	T080	C0597680
27404466	1747	1754	estuary	T070	C3494468

27404944|t|Clinical Features and Complications of the HLA-B27 -associated Acute Anterior Uveitis: A Metanalysis
27404944|a|In this article, we report a literature-based metanalysis we have conducted to outline the clinical features of the HLA-B27 Acute Anterior Uveitis (AAU). The examined material was based on observational studies in which participants were affected by Acute Anterior Uveitis and divided into HLA B27+ and HLA B27-. We performed a search on articles with the words " HLA B27 uveitis " dated before May 2014. Among these, 29 articles were selected for a second review. After a further evaluation, 22 articles were analyzed. The clinical characteristics studied in the metanalysis were: (1) systemic disease; (2) sex distribution; (3) laterality; (4) visual acuity; (5) hypopion; (6) anterior chamber's fibrin; (7) elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) during inflammation; (8) glaucoma; (9) posterior synechiae; (10) cataract; (11) cystoid macular edema; (12) papillitis. We have calculated a relative risk (RR) for each outcome measured. The results obtained remark some of the peculiar features linked to the HLA B27 Acute Anterior Uveitis, such as strong association with ankylosing spondylitis (RR = 6.80) and systemic diseases (RR = 9.9), male prevalence (RR = 1.2), unilateral (RR = 1.1) or alternating bilateral (RR = 2.2) involvement, hypopion (RR = 5.5), fibrinous reaction and even papillitis (R = 7.7). Simultaneous bilateral (RR = 0.3) AAU is more frequent in HLA-B27 negative form. We report higher risk of elevated IOP and glaucoma (RR = 0.6) in B27- Acute Anterior Uveitis. No significant difference between HLA B 27 positive and negative AAU was observed according to final visual acuity and complications such as posterior synechiae, cataract, and maculare edema. We trust that this will inform on the clinical evaluation and therapeutic decision in addressing a still ill-defined ophthalmologic condition.
27404944	0	17	Clinical Features	T184	C0037088
27404944	22	35	Complications	T046	C0009566
27404944	43	50	HLA-B27	T116,T129	C0019740
27404944	63	85	Acute Anterior Uveitis	T047	C0701807
27404944	89	100	Metanalysis	T062	C0920317
27404944	109	116	article	T170	C1706852
27404944	130	146	literature-based	T170	C0023866
27404944	147	158	metanalysis	T062	C0920317
27404944	192	209	clinical features	T184	C0037088
27404944	217	224	HLA-B27	T116,T129	C0019740
27404944	225	247	Acute Anterior Uveitis	T047	C0701807
27404944	249	252	AAU	T047	C0701807
27404944	259	267	examined	T033	C0332128
27404944	290	311	observational studies	T062	C1518527
27404944	321	333	participants	T098	C0679646
27404944	351	373	Acute Anterior Uveitis	T047	C0701807
27404944	391	399	HLA B27+	T034	C0239961
27404944	404	412	HLA B27-	T034	C0587081
27404944	439	447	articles	T170	C1706852
27404944	465	480	HLA B27 uveitis	T047	C0042164
27404944	522	530	articles	T170	C1706852
27404944	558	564	review	T078	C1552617
27404944	597	605	articles	T170	C1706852
27404944	611	619	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27404944	625	649	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27404944	665	676	metanalysis	T062	C0920317
27404944	687	703	systemic disease	T047	C0442893
27404944	709	725	sex distribution	T081	C0036878
27404944	731	741	laterality	T032	C0023114
27404944	747	760	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27404944	766	774	hypopion	T047	C0020641
27404944	780	805	anterior chamber's fibrin	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
27404944	811	840	elevated intraocular pressure	T033	C0234708
27404944	842	845	IOP	T042	C0021888
27404944	854	866	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27404944	872	880	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
27404944	886	905	posterior synechiae	T047	C0152253
27404944	912	920	cataract	T020	C0086543
27404944	927	948	cystoid macular edema	T047	C0024440
27404944	955	965	papillitis	T047	C0030353
27404944	988	1001	relative risk	T081	C0242492
27404944	1003	1005	RR	T081	C0242492
27404944	1016	1032	outcome measured	T081	C0086749
27404944	1038	1045	results	T169	C1274040
27404944	1106	1113	HLA B27	T116,T129	C0019740
27404944	1114	1136	Acute Anterior Uveitis	T047	C0701807
27404944	1153	1169	association with	T080	C0332281
27404944	1170	1192	ankylosing spondylitis	T047	C0038013
27404944	1194	1196	RR	T081	C0242492
27404944	1209	1226	systemic diseases	T047	C0442893
27404944	1228	1230	RR	T081	C0242492
27404944	1239	1243	male	T032	C0086582
27404944	1244	1254	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27404944	1256	1258	RR	T081	C0242492
27404944	1267	1277	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27404944	1279	1281	RR	T081	C0242492
27404944	1304	1313	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27404944	1315	1317	RR	T081	C0242492
27404944	1325	1336	involvement	T169	C1314939
27404944	1338	1346	hypopion	T047	C0020641
27404944	1348	1350	RR	T081	C0242492
27404944	1359	1368	fibrinous	T116,T123	C0033684
27404944	1369	1377	reaction	T169	C0443286
27404944	1387	1397	papillitis	T047	C0030353
27404944	1422	1431	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27404944	1433	1435	RR	T081	C0242492
27404944	1443	1446	AAU	T047	C0701807
27404944	1455	1463	frequent	T079	C0332183
27404944	1467	1474	HLA-B27	T116,T129	C0019740
27404944	1475	1483	negative	T033	C0205160
27404944	1507	1511	risk	T078	C0035647
27404944	1515	1527	elevated IOP	T033	C0234708
27404944	1532	1540	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
27404944	1542	1544	RR	T081	C0242492
27404944	1555	1582	B27- Acute Anterior Uveitis	T047	C0701807
27404944	1618	1635	HLA B 27 positive	T033	C4285788
27404944	1640	1648	negative	T033	C0205160
27404944	1649	1652	AAU	T047	C0701807
27404944	1657	1665	observed	T169	C1441672
27404944	1685	1698	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27404944	1703	1716	complications	T046	C0009566
27404944	1725	1744	posterior synechiae	T047	C0152253
27404944	1746	1754	cataract	T020	C0086543
27404944	1760	1774	maculare edema	T047	C0024440
27404944	1814	1833	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
27404944	1838	1849	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27404944	1850	1858	decision	T041	C0679006
27404944	1893	1907	ophthalmologic	T169	C0205481
27404944	1908	1917	condition	T080	C0348080

27405322|t|Effect of nivolumab on health-related quality of life in patients with treatment-naïve advanced melanoma: results from the phase III CheckMate 066 study
27405322|a|Nivolumab has shown significant survival benefit and a favorable safety profile compared with dacarbazine chemotherapy among treatment-naïve patients with metastatic melanoma in the CheckMate 066 phase III study. Results from the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) analyses from CheckMate 066 are presented. HRQoL was evaluated at baseline and every 6 weeks while on treatment using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Care (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30) and the EuroQoL Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D). Via a multi-step statistical plan, data were analyzed descriptively, cross-sectionally, and longitudinally, adjusting for baseline covariates, in patients having baseline plus ≥1 post-baseline assessment. Baseline-adjusted completion rates for all HRQoL questionnaires across treatment arms were 65% and 70% for dacarbazine and nivolumab, respectively, and remained similar throughout treatment. The mean baseline HRQoL scores were similar for patients treated with nivolumab and dacarbazine. Baseline HRQoL levels with nivolumab were maintained over time. This exploratory analysis showed a between-arm difference in favor of nivolumab on the EQ-5D utility index and clinically meaningful EQ-5D improvements from baseline at several time points for patients receiving nivolumab. Patients treated with nivolumab did not show increased symptom burden as assessed by the EORTC QLQ-C30. No HRQoL change was noted with dacarbazine patients up to week 43, although the high attrition rate after week 13 did not allow any meaningful analyses. Patients receiving nivolumab deteriorated significantly later than those receiving dacarbazine on several EORTC QLQ-C30 scales and the EQ-5D utility index. In addition to prolonged survival, these exploratory HRQoL results show that nivolumab maintains baseline HRQoL levels to provide long-term quality of survival benefit, compared with dacarbazine in patients with advanced melanoma.
27405322	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27405322	10	19	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27405322	23	53	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27405322	57	65	patients	T101	C0030705
27405322	71	86	treatment-naïve	T201	C0919936
27405322	87	95	advanced	T080	C0205179
27405322	96	104	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27405322	106	113	results	T169	C1274040
27405322	123	152	phase III CheckMate 066 study	T062	C0282461
27405322	153	162	Nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27405322	185	201	survival benefit	T169	C0220921
27405322	218	232	safety profile	T058	C0150755
27405322	233	241	compared	T052	C1707455
27405322	247	258	dacarbazine	T109,T121	C0010927
27405322	259	271	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27405322	278	293	treatment-naïve	T201	C0919936
27405322	294	302	patients	T101	C0030705
27405322	308	327	metastatic melanoma	T191	C0278883
27405322	335	364	CheckMate 066 phase III study	T062	C0282461
27405322	366	373	Results	T169	C1274040
27405322	383	413	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27405322	415	420	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27405322	422	430	analyses	T062	C0936012
27405322	436	449	CheckMate 066	T062	C0008976
27405322	465	470	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27405322	475	484	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27405322	488	496	baseline	T081	C1442488
27405322	509	514	weeks	T079	C0439230
27405322	524	533	treatment	T061	C0087111
27405322	544	653	European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Care (EORTC) Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ-C30)	T170	C3641780
27405322	662	699	EuroQoL Five Dimensions Questionnaire	T170	C2733251
27405322	701	706	EQ-5D	T170	C2733251
27405322	715	742	multi-step statistical plan	T170	C3889277
27405322	744	748	data	T078	C1511726
27405322	754	762	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27405322	763	776	descriptively	T170	C0678257
27405322	778	795	cross-sectionally	T062	C0010362
27405322	801	815	longitudinally	T062	C0023981
27405322	831	839	baseline	T081	C1442488
27405322	840	850	covariates	T080	C0439828
27405322	855	863	patients	T101	C0030705
27405322	871	879	baseline	T081	C1442488
27405322	888	901	post-baseline	T081	C1442488
27405322	902	912	assessment	T058	C0220825
27405322	914	948	Baseline-adjusted completion rates	T081	C1521828
27405322	957	962	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27405322	963	977	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27405322	985	999	treatment arms	T061	C1527374
27405322	1021	1032	dacarbazine	T109,T121	C0010927
27405322	1037	1046	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27405322	1094	1103	treatment	T061	C0087111
27405322	1109	1122	mean baseline	T081	C1442488
27405322	1123	1128	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27405322	1129	1135	scores	T081	C0449820
27405322	1153	1161	patients	T101	C0030705
27405322	1162	1169	treated	T061	C0087111
27405322	1175	1184	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27405322	1189	1200	dacarbazine	T109,T121	C0010927
27405322	1202	1210	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27405322	1211	1216	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27405322	1217	1223	levels	T080	C0441889
27405322	1229	1238	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27405322	1255	1264	over time	T079	C0040223
27405322	1271	1291	exploratory analysis	T062	C0936012
27405322	1313	1323	difference	T081	C1705241
27405322	1336	1345	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27405322	1353	1358	EQ-5D	T170	C2733251
27405322	1359	1372	utility index	T170	C0918012
27405322	1377	1387	clinically	T080	C0205210
27405322	1399	1404	EQ-5D	T170	C2733251
27405322	1405	1417	improvements	T077	C2986411
27405322	1423	1431	baseline	T081	C1442488
27405322	1443	1454	time points	T079	C2348792
27405322	1459	1467	patients	T101	C0030705
27405322	1478	1487	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27405322	1489	1497	Patients	T101	C0030705
27405322	1498	1505	treated	T061	C0087111
27405322	1511	1520	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27405322	1534	1543	increased	T081	C0205217
27405322	1544	1551	symptom	T184	C1457887
27405322	1552	1558	burden	T078	C2828008
27405322	1562	1570	assessed	T052	C1516048
27405322	1578	1591	EORTC QLQ-C30	T170	C3641780
27405322	1596	1601	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27405322	1602	1608	change	T169	C0392747
27405322	1624	1635	dacarbazine	T109,T121	C0010927
27405322	1636	1644	patients	T101	C0030705
27405322	1651	1655	week	T079	C0439230
27405322	1678	1692	attrition rate	UnknownType	C0814623
27405322	1699	1703	week	T079	C0439230
27405322	1736	1744	analyses	T062	C0936012
27405322	1746	1754	Patients	T101	C0030705
27405322	1765	1774	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27405322	1829	1840	dacarbazine	T109,T121	C0010927
27405322	1852	1865	EORTC QLQ-C30	T170	C3641780
27405322	1866	1872	scales	T077	C0549193
27405322	1881	1886	EQ-5D	T170	C2733251
27405322	1887	1900	utility index	T170	C0918012
27405322	1917	1935	prolonged survival	T169	C0220921
27405322	1955	1960	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27405322	1961	1968	results	T169	C1274040
27405322	1979	1988	nivolumab	T116,T121,T129	C3657270
27405322	1999	2007	baseline	T081	C1442488
27405322	2008	2013	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27405322	2014	2020	levels	T080	C0441889
27405322	2032	2041	long-term	T079	C0443252
27405322	2042	2069	quality of survival benefit	T033	C0808134
27405322	2071	2079	compared	T052	C1707455
27405322	2085	2096	dacarbazine	T109,T121	C0010927
27405322	2100	2108	patients	T101	C0030705
27405322	2114	2122	advanced	T080	C0205179
27405322	2123	2131	melanoma	T191	C0025202

27405584|t|Risk stratification of prostate cancer utilizing apparent diffusion coefficient value and lesion volume on multiparametric MRI
27405584|a|To evaluate the performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and lesion volume in potentially risk - stratifying patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Men with elevated prostate-specific antigen or abnormal digital rectal exam underwent a 3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) with endorectal coil. ADC maps were calculated using b values of 0, 500, 1000, and 1500; additional images were obtained with b value of 2000. We prospectively enrolled 312 men with lesions suspicious for cancer (suspicion score 2-5) on mpMRI. MRI/ultrasound fusion-guided prostate biopsies were performed. Mean ADC of suspicious lesions were correlated against lesion volume, Gleason and D'Amico risk. The cancer detection rate of fusion biopsy per lesion was 45.6% (206/452). Cancerous lesions were larger (median volume: 0.40 vs. 0.30 cm(3); P = 0.016). The median ADC (×10(-6) mm(2) /sec) for lesions negative and positive for PCa were 984.5 and 666.5, respectively (P < 0.0001). The AUC of ADC in predicting PCa was 0.79. Larger lesions were associated with higher risk PCa (Gleason and D'Amico) and lower ADC (all P < 0.0001). The mean ADC of suspicious lesions on mpMRI was inversely correlated, while lesion volume had a direct correlation with PCa detection. Future follow-up studies are needed to assess longitudinal cancer risks of suspicious mpMRI lesions. 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:610-616.
27405584	0	4	Risk	T078	C0035647
27405584	5	19	stratification	T062	C1514983
27405584	23	38	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27405584	49	79	apparent diffusion coefficient	T077	C3890194
27405584	80	85	value	T081	C1522609
27405584	90	103	lesion volume	T033	C0221198
27405584	107	126	multiparametric MRI	T060	C3898221
27405584	130	138	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27405584	158	188	apparent diffusion coefficient	T077	C3890194
27405584	190	193	ADC	T077	C3890194
27405584	199	212	lesion volume	T033	C0221198
27405584	228	232	risk	T078	C0035647
27405584	235	246	stratifying	T062	C1514983
27405584	247	255	patients	T101	C0030705
27405584	261	276	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27405584	278	281	PCa	T191	C0376358
27405584	284	287	Men	T098	C0025266
27405584	293	301	elevated	T080	C3163633
27405584	302	327	prostate-specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27405584	331	359	abnormal digital rectal exam	T060	C1384593
27405584	372	417	3T multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C3898221
27405584	419	424	mpMRI	T060	C3898221
27405584	431	446	endorectal coil	T074	C0025080
27405584	448	451	ADC	T077	C3890194
27405584	452	456	maps	T170	C0282574
27405584	526	532	images	T170	C1704254
27405584	599	602	men	T098	C0025266
27405584	608	615	lesions	T033	C0221198
27405584	616	626	suspicious	T078	C0750493
27405584	631	637	cancer	T191	C0006826
27405584	639	654	suspicion score	T081	C0449820
27405584	663	668	mpMRI	T060	C3898221
27405584	670	716	MRI/ultrasound fusion-guided prostate biopsies	T060	C3898501
27405584	738	741	ADC	T077	C3890194
27405584	745	755	suspicious	T078	C0750493
27405584	756	763	lesions	T033	C0221198
27405584	788	801	lesion volume	T033	C0221198
27405584	803	827	Gleason and D'Amico risk	T185	C0008902
27405584	833	839	cancer	T191	C0006826
27405584	840	854	detection rate	T081	C1265611
27405584	858	871	fusion biopsy	T060	C3898501
27405584	876	882	lesion	T033	C0221198
27405584	904	913	Cancerous	T191	C0006826
27405584	914	921	lesions	T033	C0221198
27405584	994	997	ADC	T077	C3890194
27405584	1023	1030	lesions	T033	C0221198
27405584	1031	1052	negative and positive	T033	C3842923
27405584	1057	1060	PCa	T191	C0376358
27405584	1114	1117	AUC	T081	C0376690
27405584	1121	1124	ADC	T077	C3890194
27405584	1139	1142	PCa	T191	C0376358
27405584	1160	1167	lesions	T033	C0221198
27405584	1173	1188	associated with	T080	C0332281
27405584	1189	1200	higher risk	T033	C0332167
27405584	1201	1204	PCa	T191	C0376358
27405584	1206	1225	Gleason and D'Amico	T185	C0008902
27405584	1231	1240	lower ADC	T033	C3810244
27405584	1268	1271	ADC	T077	C3890194
27405584	1275	1285	suspicious	T078	C0750493
27405584	1286	1293	lesions	T033	C0221198
27405584	1297	1302	mpMRI	T060	C3898221
27405584	1335	1348	lesion volume	T033	C0221198
27405584	1362	1373	correlation	T080	C1707520
27405584	1379	1382	PCa	T191	C0376358
27405584	1383	1392	detection	T033	C0442726
27405584	1401	1418	follow-up studies	T062	C0016441
27405584	1440	1459	longitudinal cancer	T191	C0006826
27405584	1460	1465	risks	T078	C0035647
27405584	1469	1479	suspicious	T078	C0750493
27405584	1480	1485	mpMRI	T060	C3898221
27405584	1486	1493	lesions	T033	C0221198

27405692|t|Hounsfield unit recovery in clinical cone beam CT images of the thorax acquired for image guided radiation therapy
27405692|a|A comprehensive artefact correction method for clinical cone beam CT (CBCT) images acquired for image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) on a commercial system is presented. The method is demonstrated to reduce artefacts and recover CT -like Hounsfield units (HU) in reconstructed CBCT images of five lung cancer patients. Projection image based artefact corrections of image lag, detector scatter, body scatter and beam hardening are described and applied to CBCT images of five lung cancer patients. Image quality is evaluated through visual appearance of the reconstructed images, HU -correspondence with the planning CT images, and total volume HU error. Artefacts are reduced and CT -like HUs are recovered in the artefact corrected CBCT images. Visual inspection confirms that artefacts are indeed suppressed by the proposed method, and the HU root mean square difference between reconstructed CBCTs and the reference CT images are reduced by 31% when using the artefact corrections compared to the standard clinical CBCT reconstruction. A versatile artefact correction method for clinical CBCT images acquired for IGRT has been developed. HU values are recovered in the corrected CBCT images. The proposed method relies on post processing of clinical projection images, and does not require patient specific optimisation. It is thus a powerful tool for image quality improvement of large numbers of CBCT images.
27405692	0	15	Hounsfield unit	T081	C1552985
27405692	16	24	recovery	T052	C0237820
27405692	28	36	clinical	T080	C0205210
27405692	37	49	cone beam CT	T060	C1956110
27405692	50	56	images	T078	C1551337
27405692	64	70	thorax	T029	C0817096
27405692	84	114	image guided radiation therapy	T061	C3179062
27405692	117	130	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27405692	131	139	artefact	T068	C0085089
27405692	140	150	correction	T169	C1947976
27405692	151	157	method	T170	C0025663
27405692	162	170	clinical	T080	C0205210
27405692	171	183	cone beam CT	T060	C1956110
27405692	185	189	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27405692	191	197	images	T078	C1551337
27405692	211	241	image guided radiation therapy	T061	C3179062
27405692	243	247	IGRT	T061	C3179062
27405692	290	296	method	T170	C0025663
27405692	316	322	reduce	T080	C0392756
27405692	323	332	artefacts	T068	C0085089
27405692	337	344	recover	T052	C0237820
27405692	345	347	CT	T060	C0040405
27405692	354	370	Hounsfield units	T081	C1552985
27405692	372	374	HU	T081	C1552985
27405692	379	392	reconstructed	T066	C0020912
27405692	393	397	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27405692	398	404	images	T078	C1551337
27405692	413	424	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27405692	425	433	patients	T101	C0030705
27405692	435	451	Projection image	T078	C1551337
27405692	458	466	artefact	T068	C0085089
27405692	467	478	corrections	T169	C1947976
27405692	482	491	image lag	T068	C0085089
27405692	493	509	detector scatter	T068	C0085089
27405692	511	523	body scatter	T068	C0085089
27405692	528	542	beam hardening	T033	C2828112
27405692	572	576	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27405692	577	583	images	T078	C1551337
27405692	592	603	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27405692	604	612	patients	T101	C0030705
27405692	614	627	Image quality	T080	C0806487
27405692	631	640	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27405692	649	655	visual	T169	C0234621
27405692	656	666	appearance	T080	C0700364
27405692	674	687	reconstructed	T066	C0020912
27405692	688	694	images	T078	C1551337
27405692	696	698	HU	T081	C1552985
27405692	733	735	CT	T060	C0040405
27405692	736	742	images	T078	C1551337
27405692	748	760	total volume	T081	C0449468
27405692	761	763	HU	T081	C1552985
27405692	764	769	error	T080	C0743559
27405692	771	780	Artefacts	T068	C0085089
27405692	785	792	reduced	T080	C0392756
27405692	797	799	CT	T060	C0040405
27405692	806	809	HUs	T081	C1552985
27405692	814	823	recovered	T052	C0237820
27405692	831	839	artefact	T068	C0085089
27405692	840	849	corrected	T080	C0205202
27405692	850	854	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27405692	855	861	images	T078	C1551337
27405692	863	880	Visual inspection	T058	C3669138
27405692	881	889	confirms	T033	C0750484
27405692	895	904	artefacts	T068	C0085089
27405692	916	926	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27405692	943	949	method	T170	C0025663
27405692	959	961	HU	T081	C1552985
27405692	962	978	root mean square	T081	C2347976
27405692	979	989	difference	T081	C1705241
27405692	998	1011	reconstructed	T066	C0020912
27405692	1012	1017	CBCTs	T060	C1956110
27405692	1026	1035	reference	T077	C1706462
27405692	1036	1038	CT	T060	C0040405
27405692	1039	1045	images	T078	C1551337
27405692	1050	1057	reduced	T080	C0392756
27405692	1080	1088	artefact	T068	C0085089
27405692	1089	1100	corrections	T169	C1947976
27405692	1101	1109	compared	T052	C1707455
27405692	1117	1125	standard	T080	C1442989
27405692	1126	1134	clinical	T080	C0205210
27405692	1135	1139	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27405692	1140	1154	reconstruction	T066	C0020912
27405692	1168	1176	artefact	T068	C0085089
27405692	1177	1187	correction	T169	C1947976
27405692	1188	1194	method	T170	C0025663
27405692	1199	1207	clinical	T080	C0205210
27405692	1208	1212	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27405692	1213	1219	images	T078	C1551337
27405692	1233	1237	IGRT	T061	C3179062
27405692	1258	1260	HU	T081	C1552985
27405692	1261	1267	values	T081	C1522609
27405692	1272	1281	recovered	T052	C0237820
27405692	1289	1298	corrected	T080	C0205202
27405692	1299	1303	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27405692	1304	1310	images	T078	C1551337
27405692	1325	1331	method	T170	C0025663
27405692	1342	1357	post processing	T170	C0449935
27405692	1361	1369	clinical	T080	C0205210
27405692	1370	1387	projection images	T078	C1551337
27405692	1410	1417	patient	T101	C0030705
27405692	1418	1426	specific	T080	C0205369
27405692	1427	1439	optimisation	T052	C2698650
27405692	1463	1467	tool	T170	C0037589
27405692	1472	1477	image	T078	C1551337
27405692	1478	1485	quality	T080	C0332306
27405692	1486	1497	improvement	T077	C2986411
27405692	1501	1506	large	T081	C0549177
27405692	1507	1514	numbers	T081	C0237753
27405692	1518	1522	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27405692	1523	1529	images	T078	C1551337

27405997|t|Vestibular ablation and a semicircular canal prosthesis affect postural stability during head turns
27405997|a|In our study, we examined postural stability during head turns for two rhesus monkeys: one animal study contrasted normal and mild bilateral vestibular ablation and a second animal study contrasted severe bilateral vestibular ablation with and without prosthetic stimulation. The monkeys freely stood, unrestrained on a balance platform and made voluntary head turns between visual targets. To quantify each animals ' posture, motions of the head and trunk, as well as torque about the body's center of mass, were measured. In the mildly ablated animal, we observed less foretrunk sway in comparison with the normal state. When the canal prosthesis provided electric stimulation to the severely ablated animal, it showed a decrease in trunk sway during head turns. Because the rhesus monkey with severe bilateral vestibular loss exhibited a decrease in trunk sway when receiving vestibular prosthetic stimulation, we propose that the prosthetic electrical stimulation partially restored head velocity information. Our results provide an indication that a semicircular canal prosthesis may be an effective way to improve postural stability in patients with severe peripheral vestibular dysfunction.
27405997	0	10	Vestibular	T030	C0042606
27405997	11	19	ablation	T061	C0547070
27405997	26	44	semicircular canal	T023	C0036622
27405997	45	55	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27405997	56	62	affect	T169	C0392760
27405997	63	81	postural stability	T201	C3166208
27405997	82	88	during	T079	C0347984
27405997	89	99	head turns	T040	C0376591
27405997	126	144	postural stability	T201	C3166208
27405997	145	151	during	T079	C0347984
27405997	152	162	head turns	T040	C0376591
27405997	167	170	two	T081	C0205448
27405997	171	185	rhesus monkeys	T015	C0024400
27405997	187	190	one	T081	C0205447
27405997	191	203	animal study	T008	C0683949
27405997	215	221	normal	T080	C0205307
27405997	226	230	mild	T080	C2945599
27405997	231	240	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27405997	241	251	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27405997	252	260	ablation	T061	C0547070
27405997	267	273	second	T081	C0205436
27405997	274	286	animal study	T008	C0683949
27405997	298	304	severe	T080	C0205082
27405997	305	314	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27405997	315	325	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27405997	326	334	ablation	T061	C0547070
27405997	352	362	prosthetic	T074	C0175649
27405997	363	374	stimulation	T061	C1292856
27405997	380	387	monkeys	T015	C0026447
27405997	388	394	freely	T169	C0332296
27405997	395	400	stood	T082	C0231472
27405997	402	414	unrestrained	T078	C0016694
27405997	420	427	balance	T074	C0179199
27405997	446	455	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27405997	456	466	head turns	T040	C0376591
27405997	475	481	visual	T169	C0234621
27405997	482	489	targets	T169	C1521840
27405997	494	502	quantify	T081	C1709793
27405997	508	515	animals	T008	C0003062
27405997	518	525	posture	T032	C1262869
27405997	527	534	motions	T070	C0026597
27405997	542	546	head	T029	C0018670
27405997	551	556	trunk	T029	C0460005
27405997	569	575	torque	T067	C0376590
27405997	586	607	body's center of mass	T032	C0005910
27405997	614	622	measured	T080	C0444706
27405997	631	637	mildly	T080	C2945599
27405997	638	645	ablated	T061	C0547070
27405997	646	652	animal	T008	C0003062
27405997	657	665	observed	T169	C1441672
27405997	666	670	less	T080	C0547044
27405997	671	680	foretrunk	T029	C0460005
27405997	681	685	sway	T184	C0857226
27405997	689	699	comparison	T052	C1707455
27405997	709	715	normal	T080	C0205307
27405997	716	721	state	T169	C1442792
27405997	732	748	canal prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27405997	758	778	electric stimulation	T061	C0013786
27405997	786	794	severely	T080	C0205082
27405997	795	809	ablated animal	T008	C0003062
27405997	823	831	decrease	T081	C0547047
27405997	835	840	trunk	T029	C0460005
27405997	841	845	sway	T184	C0857226
27405997	846	852	during	T079	C0347984
27405997	853	863	head turns	T040	C0376591
27405997	877	890	rhesus monkey	T015	C0024400
27405997	896	902	severe	T080	C0205082
27405997	903	928	bilateral vestibular loss	T047	C4255193
27405997	941	949	decrease	T081	C0547047
27405997	953	958	trunk	T029	C0460005
27405997	959	963	sway	T184	C0857226
27405997	969	978	receiving	T080	C1514756
27405997	979	989	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27405997	990	1000	prosthetic	T074	C0175649
27405997	1001	1012	stimulation	T061	C1292856
27405997	1034	1044	prosthetic	T074	C0175649
27405997	1045	1067	electrical stimulation	T061	C0013786
27405997	1068	1077	partially	T081	C0728938
27405997	1078	1086	restored	T061	C1283255
27405997	1087	1100	head velocity	T040	C0376591
27405997	1101	1112	information	T078	C1533716
27405997	1118	1125	results	T169	C1274040
27405997	1137	1147	indication	T033	C1444656
27405997	1155	1173	semicircular canal	T023	C0036622
27405997	1174	1184	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27405997	1195	1204	effective	T080	C1704419
27405997	1205	1208	way	T169	C1522326
27405997	1212	1219	improve	T080	C1272745
27405997	1220	1238	postural stability	T201	C3166208
27405997	1242	1250	patients	T101	C0030705
27405997	1256	1262	severe	T080	C0205082
27405997	1263	1296	peripheral vestibular dysfunction	T047	C2919598

27406386|t|Expression of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in basal-cell carcinoma
27406386|a|The aim of this study was to compare the expressions of mRNA for metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and type IV collagen in two different histological types of basal-cell carcinoma (BCCs; nodular and infiltrative) and in normal tissues from the tumor interface. The study included biopsy specimens of the skin involved with BCC and normal skin adjacent the lesion. The expressions of mRNA for MMP-2, MMP-9 and type IV collagen were determined by means of RT-PCR (Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction). The level of type IV collagen mRNA in nodular and infiltrative BCCs turned out to be significantly lower, and the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA significantly higher than in normal tissues adjacent to these tumors. The expression of mRNA for MMP-9 but not for MMP-2 was significantly higher in infiltrative BCCs than in the nodular BCCs. In turn, normal tissues adjacent to nodular BCCs showed significantly higher levels of mRNA for MMP-2 and significantly lower levels of type IV collagen mRNA than the normal tissues from the interface of infiltrative BCCs. The findings suggest that MMP-2 and MMP-9 could be used as prognostic factors of BCCs.
27406386	0	10	Expression	T045	C1171362
27406386	14	32	metalloproteinases	T116,T126	C0025543
27406386	34	39	MMP-2	T116,T126	C0172537
27406386	44	49	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27406386	54	74	basal-cell carcinoma	T191	C0007117
27406386	79	82	aim	T078	C1947946
27406386	91	96	study	T062	C0681814
27406386	104	111	compare	T052	C1707455
27406386	116	127	expressions	T045	C0017262
27406386	131	135	mRNA	T028	C2825314
27406386	140	158	metalloproteinases	T116,T126	C0025543
27406386	160	165	MMP-2	T116,T126	C0172537
27406386	170	175	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27406386	181	197	type IV collagen	T116,T123	C0009333
27406386	215	233	histological types	T201	C0449574
27406386	237	257	basal-cell carcinoma	T191	C0007117
27406386	259	263	BCCs	T191	C0007117
27406386	265	272	nodular	T191	C4083056
27406386	277	289	infiltrative	T191	C1304298
27406386	298	312	normal tissues	T033	C0332441
27406386	322	327	tumor	T191	C0027651
27406386	328	337	interface	T080	C0205556
27406386	343	348	study	T062	C0681814
27406386	358	374	biopsy specimens	T024	C0677862
27406386	382	386	skin	T022	C1123023
27406386	387	395	involved	T169	C1314939
27406386	401	404	BCC	T191	C0007117
27406386	409	420	normal skin	T022	C1123023
27406386	421	429	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27406386	434	440	lesion	T033	C0221198
27406386	446	457	expressions	T045	C0017262
27406386	461	465	mRNA	T028	C2825314
27406386	470	475	MMP-2	T116,T126	C0172537
27406386	477	482	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27406386	487	503	type IV collagen	T116,T123	C0009333
27406386	509	522	determined by	T080	C0521095
27406386	532	538	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27406386	540	587	Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0599161
27406386	594	599	level	T080	C0441889
27406386	603	619	type IV collagen	T116,T123	C0009333
27406386	620	624	mRNA	T028	C2825314
27406386	628	635	nodular	T191	C4083056
27406386	640	657	infiltrative BCCs	T191	C1304298
27406386	675	694	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27406386	704	715	expressions	T045	C0017262
27406386	719	724	MMP-2	T116,T126	C0172537
27406386	729	734	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27406386	735	739	mRNA	T028	C2825314
27406386	740	760	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27406386	769	783	normal tissues	T033	C0332441
27406386	784	792	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27406386	802	808	tumors	T191	C0027651
27406386	814	824	expression	T045	C0017262
27406386	828	832	mRNA	T028	C2825314
27406386	837	842	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27406386	855	860	MMP-2	T116,T126	C0172537
27406386	865	885	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27406386	889	906	infiltrative BCCs	T191	C1304298
27406386	919	931	nodular BCCs	T191	C4083056
27406386	942	956	normal tissues	T033	C0332441
27406386	957	965	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27406386	969	981	nodular BCCs	T191	C4083056
27406386	989	1009	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27406386	1010	1016	levels	T080	C0441889
27406386	1020	1024	mRNA	T028	C2825314
27406386	1029	1034	MMP-2	T116,T126	C0172537
27406386	1039	1058	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27406386	1059	1065	levels	T080	C0441889
27406386	1069	1085	type IV collagen	T116,T123	C0009333
27406386	1086	1090	mRNA	T028	C2825314
27406386	1100	1114	normal tissues	T033	C0332441
27406386	1124	1133	interface	T080	C0205556
27406386	1137	1154	infiltrative BCCs	T191	C1304298
27406386	1160	1168	findings	T033	C0243095
27406386	1169	1176	suggest	T078	C1705535
27406386	1182	1187	MMP-2	T116,T126	C0172537
27406386	1192	1197	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27406386	1215	1233	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27406386	1237	1241	BCCs	T191	C0007117

27406705|t|Effects of Covering Surgical Wounds with Polyglycolic Acid Sheets for Posttonsillectomy Pain
27406705|a|Postoperative pain is a remaining issue in tonsillectomy. Polyglycolic acid (PGA) is a biocompatible material used for absorbent suture reinforcement, and its sheet has been applied for covering defects after resection of oral carcinoma. The aim of this study is to examine whether the attachment of a PGA sheet to surgical wounds would reduce posttonsillectomy pain. In this prospective single-blind study, 17 consecutive adult patients were recruited who needed to undergo tonsillectomy, mainly due to habitual tonsillitis. Following bilateral tonsillectomies, a PGA sheet was attached with fibrin glue to only 1 side, without notification to patients of which side. Postoperative pain of each side was separately evaluated with a visual analog scale at 4 time points: before each meal and before sleep. Postoperative pain of both the PGA sheet -attached and nonattached sides was most severe before breakfast among 4 time points. Postoperative pain measured before breakfast was significantly more severe in the PGA sheet -attached side than the nonattached side. As such, this study provided solid data on the negative effects of PGA sheeting on posttonsillectomy pain.
27406705	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27406705	11	19	Covering	T169	C0439844
27406705	20	35	Surgical Wounds	T037	C0332803
27406705	41	58	Polyglycolic Acid	T109,T122	C0032502
27406705	59	65	Sheets	T074	C0180511
27406705	70	92	Posttonsillectomy Pain	T184	C0030201
27406705	93	111	Postoperative pain	T184	C0030201
27406705	136	149	tonsillectomy	T061	C0040423
27406705	151	168	Polyglycolic acid	T109,T122	C0032502
27406705	170	173	PGA	T109,T122	C0032502
27406705	180	202	biocompatible material	T122	C0005479
27406705	212	228	absorbent suture	T074	C0038969
27406705	229	242	reinforcement	T061	C0678211
27406705	252	257	sheet	T074	C0180511
27406705	279	287	covering	T169	C0439844
27406705	288	295	defects	T169	C1457869
27406705	302	311	resection	T061	C0015252
27406705	315	329	oral carcinoma	T191	C0151546
27406705	395	398	PGA	T109,T122	C0032502
27406705	399	404	sheet	T074	C0180511
27406705	408	423	surgical wounds	T037	C0332803
27406705	437	459	posttonsillectomy pain	T184	C0030201
27406705	469	499	prospective single-blind study	T062	C0242570
27406705	522	530	patients	T101	C0030705
27406705	568	581	tonsillectomy	T061	C0040423
27406705	597	605	habitual	T079	C0205353
27406705	606	617	tonsillitis	T047	C0040425
27406705	629	654	bilateral tonsillectomies	T061	C0087111
27406705	658	661	PGA	T109,T122	C0032502
27406705	662	667	sheet	T074	C0180511
27406705	686	697	fibrin glue	T116,T121,T122	C0016004
27406705	738	746	patients	T101	C0030705
27406705	762	780	Postoperative pain	T184	C0030201
27406705	809	818	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27406705	826	845	visual analog scale	T060	C3536884
27406705	864	880	before each meal	T079	C1550742
27406705	885	897	before sleep	T079	C0587115
27406705	899	917	Postoperative pain	T184	C0030201
27406705	930	933	PGA	T109,T122	C0032502
27406705	934	939	sheet	T074	C0180511
27406705	988	1004	before breakfast	T079	C1549040
27406705	1026	1044	Postoperative pain	T184	C0030201
27406705	1054	1070	before breakfast	T079	C1549040
27406705	1094	1100	severe	T080	C0205082
27406705	1108	1111	PGA	T109,T122	C0032502
27406705	1112	1117	sheet	T074	C0180511
27406705	1216	1226	effects of	T080	C1704420
27406705	1227	1230	PGA	T109,T122	C0032502
27406705	1231	1239	sheeting	T074	C0180511
27406705	1243	1265	posttonsillectomy pain	T184	C0030201

27407027|t|Risk Factors for Infection After Knee Arthroscopy: Analysis of 595,083 Cases From 3 United States Databases
27407027|a|To identify and quantify patient- and procedure-related risk factors for post-arthroscopic knee infections using a large dataset. An administrative health care database including 8 years of records from 2 large commercial insurers and Medicare (a 5% random sample) was queried to identify all knee arthroscopies performed on patients aged at least 15 years using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Each CPT code was designated as a high- or low-complexity procedure, with the former typically requiring accessory incisions or increased operative time. Deep infections were identified by a CPT code for incision and drainage within 90 days of surgery. Superficial infections were identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision infection codes without any record of incision and drainage. Patients were compared based on age, sex, body mass index, tobacco use, presence of diabetes, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. A total of 526,537 patients underwent 595,083 arthroscopic knee procedures. Deep postoperative infections occurred at a rate of 0.22%. Superficial infections occurred at a rate of 0.29%. Tobacco use and morbid obesity were the largest risk factors for deep and superficial infections, respectively (P < .001; relative risk of 1.90 and 2.19, respectively). There were also higher infection rates among patients undergoing relatively high-complexity arthroscopies, men, obese patients, diabetic patients, and younger patients (in order of decreasing relative risk). Increased Charlson Comorbidity Index was associated with superficial and total infections (P < .001). Post-arthroscopic knee infections were more frequent among morbidly obese patients, tobacco users, patients undergoing relatively complex procedures, men, obese patients, diabetic patients, relatively young patients, and patients with increased comorbidity burdens in this study population. This knowledge may allow more informed preoperative counseling, aid surgeons in patient selection, and facilitate infection prevention by targeting individuals with higher inherent risk. Level IV, cross-sectional study.
27407027	0	12	Risk Factors	T033	C0035648
27407027	17	26	Infection	T046	C3714514
27407027	33	49	Knee Arthroscopy	T060	C1304878
27407027	51	59	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27407027	71	76	Cases	T169	C0868928
27407027	84	97	United States	T083	C0041703
27407027	98	107	Databases	T170	C0242356
27407027	111	119	identify	T080	C0205396
27407027	124	132	quantify	T081	C1709793
27407027	133	141	patient-	T033	C0035648
27407027	146	176	procedure-related risk factors	T033	C0035648
27407027	181	198	post-arthroscopic	T079	C1254367
27407027	199	214	knee infections	T047	C1400580
27407027	229	236	dataset	T170	C0150098
27407027	241	276	administrative health care database	T170	C0242356
27407027	289	294	years	T079	C0439234
27407027	330	338	insurers	T092	C0021675
27407027	343	351	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27407027	358	371	random sample	T062	C0150105
27407027	401	419	knee arthroscopies	T060	C1304878
27407027	420	429	performed	T169	C0884358
27407027	433	441	patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	442	446	aged	T032	C0001779
27407027	459	464	years	T079	C0439234
27407027	471	513	Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes	T170	C1136322
27407027	520	528	CPT code	T170	C1136322
27407027	549	554	high-	T058	C1292781
27407027	558	582	low-complexity procedure	T058	C1292781
27407027	630	639	incisions	T061	C0184898
27407027	653	667	operative time	T079	C3494201
27407027	674	684	infections	T046	C3714514
27407027	706	714	CPT code	T170	C1136322
27407027	719	727	incision	T061	C0184898
27407027	732	740	drainage	T061	C0013103
27407027	751	755	days	T079	C0439228
27407027	759	766	surgery	T169	C0038895
27407027	768	790	Superficial infections	T046	C3714514
27407027	810	882	International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision infection codes	T170	C2346503
27407027	895	901	record	T170	C0034869
27407027	905	913	incision	T061	C0184898
27407027	918	926	drainage	T061	C0013103
27407027	928	936	Patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	960	963	age	T032	C0001779
27407027	965	968	sex	T032	C1522384
27407027	970	985	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27407027	987	998	tobacco use	T055	C0543414
27407027	1000	1008	presence	T080	C3854307
27407027	1012	1020	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27407027	1026	1052	Charlson Comorbidity Index	T081	C1516737
27407027	1073	1081	patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1100	1128	arthroscopic knee procedures	T060	C1304878
27407027	1135	1159	postoperative infections	T046	C0392618
27407027	1189	1211	Superficial infections	T046	C3714514
27407027	1241	1252	Tobacco use	T055	C0543414
27407027	1257	1271	morbid obesity	T047	C0028756
27407027	1289	1301	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27407027	1306	1310	deep	T046	C3714514
27407027	1315	1337	superficial infections	T046	C3714514
27407027	1363	1376	relative risk	T081	C0242492
27407027	1433	1448	infection rates	T046	C3714514
27407027	1455	1463	patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1486	1515	high-complexity arthroscopies	T060	C1304878
27407027	1517	1520	men	T098	C0025266
27407027	1522	1527	obese	T047	C0028754
27407027	1528	1536	patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1538	1546	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27407027	1547	1555	patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1561	1568	younger	T079	C0332239
27407027	1569	1577	patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1602	1615	relative risk	T081	C0242492
27407027	1628	1654	Charlson Comorbidity Index	T081	C1516737
27407027	1659	1674	associated with	T080	C0332281
27407027	1675	1686	superficial	T046	C3714514
27407027	1691	1707	total infections	T046	C3714514
27407027	1720	1737	Post-arthroscopic	T079	C1254367
27407027	1738	1753	knee infections	T047	C1400580
27407027	1779	1793	morbidly obese	T047	C0028756
27407027	1794	1802	patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1804	1817	tobacco users	T033	C3853727
27407027	1819	1827	patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1850	1868	complex procedures	T058	C1292781
27407027	1870	1873	men	T098	C0025266
27407027	1875	1889	obese patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1891	1908	diabetic patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1921	1935	young patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1941	1949	patients	T101	C0030705
27407027	1965	1976	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27407027	1999	2009	population	T081	C0032659
27407027	2050	2073	preoperative counseling	T058	C0920638
27407027	2075	2087	aid surgeons	T097	C0582175
27407027	2091	2108	patient selection	T062	C0242802
27407027	2125	2145	infection prevention	T061	C0547605
27407027	2159	2170	individuals	T098	C0237401
27407027	2183	2196	inherent risk	T078	C0035647
27407027	2208	2229	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362

27408381|t|A Case Presenting with Splenic Infarct Diagnosed as Primary Bone Marrow CD5 Positive DLBCL: A Clinicopathological Correlation
27408381|a|De novo CD5+ Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of DLBCL. It is a distinct clinicopathologic entity with complex molecular profile and poor prognosis. A 59 year old female presented with pyrexia of unknown origin since 1 month. On examination, there was severe pallor, hepatosplenomegaly and no palpable lymphadenopathy. Complete blood count revealed bicytopenia with normal total leucocyte count. Liver and renal function tests were normal. Ultrasonography abdomen revealed splenic enlargement with two focal lesions attributed to either splenic abscess or infarcts. Patient was being managed as splenic infarct but continued to have bicytopenia. Further investigation showed elevated serum ferritin, triglycerides and LDH. With a clinical suspicion of infection and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and biopsy (BMBx) was done. BMA showed extensive haemophagocytosis and ~7.4 % large lymphoma-like cells. On this basis PET-CT was suggested which showed enlarged spleen with diffuse uptake. BMBx showed nodular and intrasinusoidal collection of abnormal lymphoid cells. On immunohistochemistry, these cells were positive for CD20, CD5, MUM1, BCL-2, BCL-6 and negative for CD3, CD10 and CD23. CD34 highlighted focal intrasinusoidal pattern. The complete clinicopathological profile suggested the diagnosis of de novo CD5+ DLBCL, with primary hepatosplenic pattern of involvement. CD5+ DLBCL presenting as splenic infarct is very rare. This case was unusual as the diagnosis of a primary aggressive lymphoma with haemophagocytosis was established in a patient who presented with fever and splenic infarct without lymphadenopathy. This indicates the importance of good morphological assessment of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy to make a correct diagnosis.
27408381	23	38	Splenic Infarct	T047	C0037998
27408381	39	48	Diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27408381	52	71	Primary Bone Marrow	T024	C0005953
27408381	72	84	CD5 Positive	T025	C0882892
27408381	85	90	DLBCL	T191	C0079744
27408381	94	125	Clinicopathological Correlation	T080	C1707520
27408381	126	133	De novo	T078	C1515568
27408381	134	138	CD5+	T025	C0882892
27408381	139	168	Diffuse large B cell lymphoma	T033	C0011900
27408381	170	175	DLBCL	T191	C0079744
27408381	182	186	rare	T080	C0522498
27408381	191	209	aggressive subtype	T033	C0243095
27408381	213	218	DLBCL	T191	C0079744
27408381	237	254	clinicopathologic	T033	C0243095
27408381	255	261	entity	T071	C1551338
27408381	267	292	complex molecular profile	T169	C1704864
27408381	297	311	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27408381	318	322	year	T079	C0439234
27408381	327	333	female	T032	C0086287
27408381	334	348	presented with	T033	C0150312
27408381	349	374	pyrexia of unknown origin	T184	C0015970
27408381	383	388	month	T079	C0439231
27408381	393	404	examination	T058	C0031809
27408381	416	429	severe pallor	T033	C0030232
27408381	431	449	hepatosplenomegaly	T184	C0019214
27408381	454	465	no palpable	T080	C0522499
27408381	466	481	lymphadenopathy	T047	C0497156
27408381	483	503	Complete blood count	T059	C0009555
27408381	504	512	revealed	T080	C0443289
27408381	513	524	bicytopenia	T034	C1142446
27408381	530	558	normal total leucocyte count	T033	C0438221
27408381	560	565	Liver	T059	C0023901
27408381	570	590	renal function tests	T059	C0022662
27408381	596	602	normal	T080	C0205307
27408381	604	627	Ultrasonography abdomen	T060	C0203464
27408381	628	636	revealed	T080	C0443289
27408381	637	656	splenic enlargement	T033	C0038002
27408381	662	679	two focal lesions	T033	C0243095
27408381	701	716	splenic abscess	T047	C0272412
27408381	720	728	infarcts	T047	C0037998
27408381	730	737	Patient	T101	C0030705
27408381	759	774	splenic infarct	T047	C0037998
27408381	797	808	bicytopenia	T034	C1142446
27408381	818	831	investigation	T058	C0220825
27408381	839	862	elevated serum ferritin	T033	C0241013
27408381	864	877	triglycerides	T033	C0813230
27408381	882	885	LDH	T034	C1275604
27408381	894	902	clinical	T080	C0205210
27408381	903	912	suspicion	T041	C0242114
27408381	916	925	infection	T046	C3714514
27408381	930	965	haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis	T047	C0024291
27408381	966	988	bone marrow aspiration	T060	C0398523
27408381	966	1012	bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and biopsy (BMBx)	T060	C0005954
27408381	990	993	BMA	T060	C0398523
27408381	999	1005	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27408381	1034	1043	extensive	T080	C0205231
27408381	1044	1061	haemophagocytosis	T047	C0876991
27408381	1073	1098	large lymphoma-like cells	T191	C0027671
27408381	1114	1120	PET-CT	T060	C1699633
27408381	1148	1163	enlarged spleen	T033	C0038002
27408381	1169	1183	diffuse uptake	T033	C0301639
27408381	1185	1189	BMBx	T060	C0005954
27408381	1197	1204	nodular	T020	C0028259
27408381	1209	1224	intrasinusoidal	T082	C0442041
27408381	1239	1262	abnormal lymphoid cells	T025	C0086574
27408381	1267	1287	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27408381	1295	1300	cells	T025	C0086574
27408381	1306	1323	positive for CD20	T034	C4289894
27408381	1325	1328	CD5	T116,T129	C0054964
27408381	1330	1334	MUM1	T116,T123	C0299544
27408381	1336	1341	BCL-2	T129	C1317122
27408381	1343	1348	BCL-6	T129	C1829684
27408381	1353	1361	negative	T033	C0205160
27408381	1366	1369	CD3	T116,T129	C0108779
27408381	1371	1375	CD10	T116,T126	C0025250
27408381	1380	1384	CD23	T116,T129,T192	C0123242
27408381	1386	1390	CD34	T116,T129	C0054953
27408381	1403	1408	focal	T082	C0205234
27408381	1409	1424	intrasinusoidal	T082	C0442041
27408381	1425	1432	pattern	T082	C0449774
27408381	1447	1474	clinicopathological profile	T058	C1254363
27408381	1489	1498	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27408381	1502	1509	de novo	T078	C1515568
27408381	1510	1514	CD5+	T025	C0882892
27408381	1515	1520	DLBCL	T191	C0079744
27408381	1527	1548	primary hepatosplenic	T047	C0012634
27408381	1549	1556	pattern	T082	C0449774
27408381	1573	1577	CD5+	T025	C0882892
27408381	1578	1583	DLBCL	T191	C0079744
27408381	1598	1613	splenic infarct	T047	C0037998
27408381	1617	1626	very rare	T033	C1855575
27408381	1642	1649	unusual	T080	C2700116
27408381	1657	1666	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27408381	1672	1699	primary aggressive lymphoma	T191	C1332225
27408381	1705	1722	haemophagocytosis	T047	C0876991
27408381	1727	1738	established	T080	C0443211
27408381	1744	1751	patient	T101	C0030705
27408381	1771	1776	fever	T184	C0015967
27408381	1781	1796	splenic infarct	T047	C0037998
27408381	1805	1820	lymphadenopathy	T047	C0497156
27408381	1860	1873	morphological	T082	C0543482
27408381	1874	1884	assessment	T052	C1516048
27408381	1890	1910	bone marrow aspirate	T031	C0857285
27408381	1915	1921	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27408381	1932	1949	correct diagnosis	T033	C0011900

27408447|t|Slow-Growing Large Irritation Fibroma of the Anterior Hard Palate: A Case Report Using Immunohistochemical Analysis
27408447|a|Irritation fibromas are recognized as fibrous lesions, usually reactive hyperplasias; however, the mechanism of enlargement is unclear. This paper reports on an abnormally large irritation fibroma of extremely gradual growth. The immunohistochemical features (CD34, α-SMA, vimentin, Ki-67, and TGF-α) of this irritation fibroma are presented to distinguish reactive hyperplasia from other true fibrous neoplasm diseases. In the only previous study, it was reported that the expression of TGF-α might be associated with the development of oral fibromas. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between this exceptionally-large fibrous lesion of extremely slow growth and the immunohistochemical reactivity of TGF-α, finding that, in contrast to the previous study, TGF-α was not expressed. This is the first study to evaluate the enlargement mechanism of such a large irritation fibroma using the approach of immunohistochemical analysis, and it indicates that such analysis can help elucidate the diverse causes and enlargement mechanisms of irritation fibromas.
27408447	0	12	Slow-Growing	T033	C4086857
27408447	13	18	Large	T081	C0549177
27408447	19	37	Irritation Fibroma	T020	C0399495
27408447	45	65	Anterior Hard Palate	T029	C4239685
27408447	69	80	Case Report	T170	C0085973
27408447	87	115	Immunohistochemical Analysis	T059	C1441616
27408447	116	135	Irritation fibromas	T020	C0399495
27408447	154	161	fibrous	T080	C0439709
27408447	162	169	lesions	T033	C0221198
27408447	179	200	reactive hyperplasias	T191	C0221269
27408447	215	239	mechanism of enlargement	T061	C1293134
27408447	277	287	abnormally	T033	C0205161
27408447	294	312	irritation fibroma	T020	C0399495
27408447	326	340	gradual growth	T033	C4086857
27408447	346	365	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27408447	366	374	features	T080	C1521970
27408447	376	380	CD34	T116,T129	C0054953
27408447	382	387	α-SMA	T116,T123	C2716282
27408447	389	397	vimentin	T116,T123	C0042666
27408447	399	404	Ki-67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
27408447	410	415	TGF-α	T116,T123	C3849193
27408447	425	443	irritation fibroma	T020	C0399495
27408447	482	493	hyperplasia	T046	C0020507
27408447	505	535	true fibrous neoplasm diseases	T191	C0206643
27408447	572	580	reported	T058	C0700287
27408447	590	600	expression	T045	C1171362
27408447	604	609	TGF-α	T116,T123	C3849193
27408447	619	634	associated with	T080	C0332281
27408447	654	667	oral fibromas	T191	C0948118
27408447	683	695	investigated	T169	C1292732
27408447	700	712	relationship	T080	C0439849
27408447	746	753	fibrous	T080	C0439709
27408447	754	760	lesion	T033	C0221198
27408447	774	785	slow growth	T033	C4086857
27408447	794	824	immunohistochemical reactivity	T169	C0443286
27408447	828	833	TGF-α	T116,T123	C3849193
27408447	884	889	TGF-α	T116,T123	C3849193
27408447	898	907	expressed	T045	C1171362
27408447	936	944	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27408447	949	970	enlargement mechanism	T061	C1293134
27408447	987	1005	irritation fibroma	T020	C0399495
27408447	1028	1056	immunohistochemical analysis	T059	C1441616
27408447	1085	1093	analysis	T059	C1441616
27408447	1125	1131	causes	T169	C0015127
27408447	1136	1158	enlargement mechanisms	T061	C1293134
27408447	1162	1181	irritation fibromas	T020	C0399495

27408908|t|Mass-spectrometry analysis of histone post-translational modifications in pathology tissue using the PAT-H-MS approach
27408908|a|Aberrant histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) have been implicated with various pathologies, including cancer, and may represent useful epigenetic biomarkers. The data described here provide a mass spectrometry -based quantitative analysis of hPTMs from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, from which histones were extracted through the recently developed PAT-H-MS method. First, we analyzed FFPE samples from mouse spleen and liver or human breast cancer up to six years old, together with their corresponding fresh frozen tissue. We then combined the PAT-H-MS approach with a histone -focused version of the super-SILAC strategy -using a mix of histones from four breast cancer cell lines as a spike-in standard - to accurately quantify hPTMs from breast cancer specimens belonging to different subtypes. The data, which are associated with a recent publication (Pathology tissue - quantitative mass spectrometry analysis to profile histone post-translational modification patterns in patient samples (Noberini, 2015) [1]), are deposited at the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD002669.
27408908	0	17	Mass-spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27408908	18	26	analysis	T062	C0936012
27408908	30	70	histone post-translational modifications	T044	C0033666
27408908	74	90	pathology tissue	T024	C0040300
27408908	101	109	PAT-H-MS	T059	C0037813
27408908	119	127	Aberrant	T080	C0443127
27408908	128	168	histone post-translational modifications	T044	C0033666
27408908	170	175	hPTMs	T044	C0033666
27408908	211	222	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27408908	234	240	cancer	T191	C0006826
27408908	267	288	epigenetic biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27408908	294	298	data	T078	C1511726
27408908	324	341	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27408908	349	361	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27408908	362	370	analysis	T062	C0936012
27408908	374	379	hPTMs	T044	C0033666
27408908	385	432	formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues	T024	C2711483
27408908	445	453	histones	T116,T123	C0019652
27408908	459	468	extracted	T061	C0185115
27408908	500	515	PAT-H-MS method	T059	C0037813
27408908	527	535	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27408908	536	548	FFPE samples	T024	C2711483
27408908	554	566	mouse spleen	T024	C1519474
27408908	571	576	liver	T023	C0023884
27408908	580	585	human	T016	C0086418
27408908	586	599	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27408908	610	615	years	T079	C0439234
27408908	655	660	fresh	T031	C2827486
27408908	661	674	frozen tissue	T024	C4039816
27408908	697	705	PAT-H-MS	T059	C0037813
27408908	722	729	histone	T116,T123	C0019652
27408908	754	774	super-SILAC strategy	T062	C1257948
27408908	791	799	histones	T116,T123	C0019652
27408908	810	834	breast cancer cell lines	T025	C1512505
27408908	840	857	spike-in standard	T081	C0034925
27408908	874	882	quantify	T081	C1709793
27408908	883	888	hPTMs	T044	C0033666
27408908	894	907	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27408908	908	917	specimens	T167	C0370003
27408908	941	949	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27408908	955	959	data	T078	C1511726
27408908	971	986	associated with	T080	C0332281
27408908	996	1007	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27408908	1009	1025	Pathology tissue	T024	C0040300
27408908	1028	1058	quantitative mass spectrometry	T059	C3525763
27408908	1059	1067	analysis	T062	C0936012
27408908	1071	1078	profile	T059	C1979963
27408908	1079	1086	histone	T116,T123	C0019652
27408908	1087	1127	post-translational modification patterns	T044	C0033666
27408908	1131	1138	patient	T101	C0030705
27408908	1139	1146	samples	T167	C0370003
27408908	1174	1183	deposited	T169	C0333562
27408908	1191	1217	ProteomeXchange Consortium	T097	C1513822
27408908	1240	1250	repository	T073	C3847505
27408908	1260	1288	dataset identifier PXD002669	T170	C0282574

27409644|t|Pregnancy suppresses the daily rhythmicity of core body temperature and adipose metabolic gene expression in the mouse
27409644|a|Maternal adaptations in lipid metabolism are crucial for pregnancy success due to the role of white adipose tissue as an energy store and the dynamic nature of energy needs across gestation. Because lipid metabolism is regulated by the rhythmic expression of clock genes, it was hypothesised that maternal metabolic adaptations involve changes in both adipose clock gene expression and the rhythmic expression of downstream metabolic genes. Maternal core body temperature (Tc) was investigated as a possible mechanism driving pregnancy -induced changes in clock gene expression. Gonadal adipose tissue and plasma were collected from C57Bl/6J mice before and on days 6, 10, 14 and 18 of pregnancy (term = d19) at 4 hourly intervals across a 24-h period. Adipose expression of clock genes and downstream metabolic genes were determined by RT-qPCR and Tc was measured by intraperitoneal temperature loggers. Adipose clock gene expression showed robust rhythmicity throughout pregnancy, but absolute levels varied substantially across gestation. Rhythmic expression of the metabolic genes Lipe, Pnpla2 and Lpl was clearly evident before pregnancy; however, this rhythmicity was lost with the onset of pregnancy. Tc rhythm was significantly altered by pregnancy with a 65% decrease in amplitude by term and a 0.61°C decrease in mesor between days 6 and 18. These changes in Tc, however, did not appear to be linked to adipose clock gene expression across pregnancy. Overall, our data show marked adaptations in the adipose clock in pregnancy, with an apparent decoupling of adipose clock and lipolytic / lipogenic gene rhythms from early in gestation.
27409644	0	9	Pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27409644	10	20	suppresses	T169	C1260953
27409644	25	42	daily rhythmicity	T040	C0008810
27409644	46	67	core body temperature	T033	C0456240
27409644	72	79	adipose	T024	C0001527
27409644	80	105	metabolic gene expression	T045	C0017262
27409644	113	118	mouse	T015	C0026809
27409644	119	127	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27409644	128	139	adaptations	T070	C0001398
27409644	143	159	lipid metabolism	T044	C0598783
27409644	176	185	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27409644	213	233	white adipose tissue	T024	C1704223
27409644	240	246	energy	T081	C1442080
27409644	279	285	energy	T081	C1442080
27409644	299	308	gestation	T040	C0032961
27409644	318	334	lipid metabolism	T044	C0598783
27409644	355	363	rhythmic	T039	C1523018
27409644	364	374	expression	T045	C0017262
27409644	378	389	clock genes	T028	C1413503
27409644	416	424	maternal	T033	C1858460
27409644	425	446	metabolic adaptations	T070	C0001398
27409644	471	478	adipose	T024	C0001527
27409644	479	484	clock	T028	C1413503
27409644	485	500	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27409644	509	517	rhythmic	T039	C1523018
27409644	518	528	expression	T045	C0017262
27409644	543	558	metabolic genes	T028	C0017337
27409644	560	568	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27409644	569	590	core body temperature	T033	C0456240
27409644	592	594	Tc	T033	C0456240
27409644	645	654	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27409644	675	680	clock	T028	C1413503
27409644	681	696	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27409644	698	705	Gonadal	T023	C0018067
27409644	706	720	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27409644	725	731	plasma	T031	C0032105
27409644	752	765	C57Bl/6J mice	T015	C0025929
27409644	780	784	days	T079	C0439228
27409644	805	814	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27409644	833	839	hourly	T079	C0558292
27409644	872	879	Adipose	T024	C0001527
27409644	880	890	expression	T045	C0017262
27409644	894	905	clock genes	T028	C1413503
27409644	921	936	metabolic genes	T028	C0017337
27409644	956	963	RT-qPCR	T063	C1709846
27409644	968	970	Tc	T033	C0456240
27409644	987	1002	intraperitoneal	T082	C0442120
27409644	1003	1014	temperature	T032	C0005903
27409644	1024	1031	Adipose	T024	C0001527
27409644	1032	1037	clock	T028	C1413503
27409644	1038	1053	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27409644	1068	1079	rhythmicity	T079	C0031084
27409644	1091	1100	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27409644	1150	1159	gestation	T040	C0032961
27409644	1161	1169	Rhythmic	T039	C1523018
27409644	1170	1180	expression	T045	C0017262
27409644	1188	1203	metabolic genes	T028	C0017337
27409644	1204	1208	Lipe	T028	C1416868
27409644	1210	1216	Pnpla2	T028	C1538686
27409644	1221	1224	Lpl	T028	C1416902
27409644	1252	1261	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27409644	1277	1288	rhythmicity	T079	C0031084
27409644	1316	1325	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27409644	1327	1329	Tc	T033	C0456240
27409644	1330	1336	rhythm	T039	C1523018
27409644	1366	1375	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27409644	1456	1460	days	T079	C0439228
27409644	1488	1490	Tc	T033	C0456240
27409644	1532	1539	adipose	T024	C0001527
27409644	1540	1545	clock	T028	C1413503
27409644	1546	1561	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27409644	1569	1578	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27409644	1593	1597	data	T078	C1511726
27409644	1610	1621	adaptations	T070	C0001398
27409644	1629	1636	adipose	T024	C0001527
27409644	1637	1642	clock	T028	C1413503
27409644	1646	1655	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27409644	1688	1695	adipose	T024	C0001527
27409644	1696	1701	clock	T028	C1413503
27409644	1706	1715	lipolytic	T028	C0017337
27409644	1718	1732	lipogenic gene	T028	C0017337
27409644	1733	1740	rhythms	T039	C1523018
27409644	1746	1751	early	T079	C1279919
27409644	1755	1764	gestation	T040	C0032961

27409657|t|Bilateral en-masse distalization of maxillary posterior teeth with skeletal anchorage: a case report
27409657|a|The aim of this study was to introduce a new method for bilateral distal movement of the entire maxillary posterior segment. A 17- year - old girl with Class I skeletal malocclusion (end-to-end molar relationships, deviated midline and space deficiency for left maxillary canine) was referred for orthodontic treatment. She did not accept maxillary first premolars extraction. A modified Hyrax appliance (Dentaurum Ispringen, Germany) was used for bilateral distalization of maxillary posterior teeth simultaneously. Expansion vector was set anteroposteriorly. Posterior legs of Hyrax were welded to first maxillary molar bands. All posterior teeth on each side consolidated with a segment of 0.017 × 0.025-in stainless steel wire from the buccal side. Anterior legs of Hyrax were bent into eyelet form and attached to the anterior palate with two mini-screws (2 × 10 mm) (Jeil Medical Corporation Seoul, South Korea). Hyrax opening rate was 0.8 mm per month. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to evaluate the extent of distal movement. 3.5-mm distalization of posterior maxillary teeth was achieved in five months. A nearly bodily distal movement without anchorage loss was obtained. The mini-screw -supported modified Hyrax appliance was found to be helpful for achieving en-masse distal movement of maxillary posterior teeth.
27409657	0	9	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
27409657	10	32	en-masse distalization	T061	C2825980
27409657	36	61	maxillary posterior teeth	T023	C0227028
27409657	67	75	skeletal	T082	C0521324
27409657	76	85	anchorage	T052	C2825961
27409657	89	100	case report	T170	C0085973
27409657	117	122	study	T062	C2603343
27409657	157	166	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27409657	167	173	distal	T082	C0205108
27409657	174	182	movement	T061	C0376386
27409657	190	224	entire maxillary posterior segment	T029	C0459698
27409657	232	236	year	T079	C0439234
27409657	239	247	old girl	T098	C0043210
27409657	261	282	skeletal malocclusion	T190	C3874346
27409657	284	314	end-to-end molar relationships	T082	C2964224
27409657	325	332	midline	T082	C0549183
27409657	337	342	space	T030	C1317873
27409657	343	353	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27409657	358	379	left maxillary canine	T023	C0227046
27409657	398	419	orthodontic treatment	T061	C0204193
27409657	440	449	maxillary	T023	C0227028
27409657	456	476	premolars extraction	T061	C0040440
27409657	489	504	Hyrax appliance	T074	C0457181
27409657	506	515	Dentaurum	T170	C0282574
27409657	516	525	Ispringen	UnknownType	C0681784
27409657	527	534	Germany	T083	C0017480
27409657	549	558	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27409657	559	572	distalization	T061	C2825980
27409657	576	601	maxillary posterior teeth	T023	C0227028
27409657	602	616	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27409657	643	660	anteroposteriorly	T082	C0442212
27409657	662	685	Posterior legs of Hyrax	T074	C0457181
27409657	707	728	maxillary molar bands	T023	C0227028
27409657	734	743	posterior	T082	C0205095
27409657	744	749	teeth	T023	C0040426
27409657	763	775	consolidated	T080	C0702117
27409657	783	790	segment	T082	C0441635
27409657	811	831	stainless steel wire	T074	C0336595
27409657	841	847	buccal	T082	C0442010
27409657	854	876	Anterior legs of Hyrax	T074	C0457181
27409657	892	898	eyelet	T080	C0205556
27409657	924	932	anterior	T082	C0205094
27409657	933	939	palate	T023	C0700374
27409657	949	960	mini-screws	UnknownType	C0259828
27409657	974	998	Jeil Medical Corporation	T093	C1708333
27409657	999	1004	Seoul	T083	C3850150
27409657	1006	1017	South Korea	T083	C0022773
27409657	1020	1038	Hyrax opening rate	T081	C1521828
27409657	1054	1059	month	T079	C0439231
27409657	1061	1094	Lateral cephalometric radiographs	T074	C0810495
27409657	1121	1127	extent	T082	C0439792
27409657	1131	1137	distal	T082	C0205108
27409657	1138	1146	movement	T061	C0376386
27409657	1155	1168	distalization	T061	C2825980
27409657	1172	1197	posterior maxillary teeth	T023	C0227028
27409657	1219	1225	months	T079	C0439231
27409657	1243	1249	distal	T082	C0205108
27409657	1250	1258	movement	T061	C0376386
27409657	1267	1276	anchorage	T052	C2825961
27409657	1286	1294	obtained	T169	C1301820
27409657	1300	1310	mini-screw	UnknownType	C0259828
27409657	1322	1330	modified	T169	C0392747
27409657	1331	1346	Hyrax appliance	T074	C0457181
27409657	1394	1400	distal	T082	C0205108
27409657	1401	1409	movement	T061	C0376386
27409657	1413	1438	maxillary posterior teeth	T023	C0227028

27409663|t|Histone deacetylase inhibitors regulate P-gp expression in colorectal cancer via transcriptional activation and mRNA stabilization
27409663|a|Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are emerging as a novel class of anti-tumor drugs. But the effect of HDACIs in tumors treatment has been disappointing, which mainly due to the acquisition of resistance to HDACIs. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been clearly understood. In this study, it was found that HDACIs SAHA and TSA increased P-gp expression in CRC cells, which has been well known to contribute to drug resistant. The mechanisms underlying these effects were investigated. We showed that HDACIs enhanced transcriptional activity of P-gp protein encoding gene ABCB1. HDACIs treatment also increased the protein and mRNA expression of STAT3, but not PXR, CAR, Foxo3a or β-catenin, which are known to be involved in ABCB transcription regulation. Interestingly, knockdown of STAT3 significantly attenuated HDACIs - induced P-gp up-regulation in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting that STAT3 plays a crucial role in HDACIs - up-regulated P-gp. Furthermore, this study revealed for the first time that HDACIs enhanced the stability of ABCB1 at post-transcriptional level. Taken together, these results proved that HDACIs induced P-gp expression by two distinct ways, transcriptional activation and mRNA stabilization. Our results suggested that more attention should be paid to the cancer treatment using HDACIs since they will induce multidrug resistance in cancer cells.
27409663	0	30	Histone deacetylase inhibitors	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	40	44	P-gp	T116,T123	C0242643
27409663	45	55	expression	T045	C1171362
27409663	59	76	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27409663	81	107	transcriptional activation	T045	C0162493
27409663	112	130	mRNA stabilization	T045	C1327287
27409663	131	161	Histone deacetylase inhibitors	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	163	169	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	189	194	novel	T080	C0205314
27409663	195	200	class	T170	C0456387
27409663	204	220	anti-tumor drugs	T109,T121	C0003392
27409663	230	236	effect	T080	C1280500
27409663	240	246	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	250	256	tumors	T191	C0027651
27409663	257	266	treatment	T061	C0087111
27409663	315	326	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27409663	330	340	resistance	T038	C0013203
27409663	344	350	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	376	386	mechanisms	T046	C0920474
27409663	429	434	study	T062	C2603343
27409663	454	460	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	461	465	SAHA	T109,T121	C0672708
27409663	470	473	TSA	T109,T195	C0077063
27409663	484	488	P-gp	T116,T123	C0242643
27409663	489	499	expression	T045	C1171362
27409663	503	512	CRC cells	T025	C0334227
27409663	543	553	contribute	T052	C1880177
27409663	557	571	drug resistant	T038	C0282588
27409663	577	587	mechanisms	T046	C0920474
27409663	605	612	effects	T080	C1280500
27409663	618	630	investigated	T169	C1292732
27409663	647	653	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	654	662	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27409663	663	687	transcriptional activity	T045	C0040649
27409663	691	695	P-gp	T116,T123	C0242643
27409663	696	723	protein encoding gene ABCB1	T028	C0376622
27409663	725	731	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	732	741	treatment	T061	C0087111
27409663	761	768	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27409663	773	788	mRNA expression	T045	C0017262
27409663	792	797	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27409663	807	810	PXR	T116,T123	C1744349
27409663	812	815	CAR	T116,T192	C0663285
27409663	817	823	Foxo3a	T116,T123	C1333633
27409663	827	836	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
27409663	872	901	ABCB transcription regulation	T045	C1158770
27409663	918	927	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27409663	931	936	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27409663	951	961	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27409663	962	968	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	971	978	induced	T169	C0205263
27409663	979	983	P-gp	T116,T123	C0242643
27409663	984	997	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27409663	1001	1024	colorectal cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27409663	1042	1047	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27409663	1072	1078	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	1081	1093	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27409663	1094	1098	P-gp	T116,T123	C0242643
27409663	1118	1123	study	T062	C2603343
27409663	1124	1132	revealed	T080	C0443289
27409663	1157	1163	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	1164	1172	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27409663	1177	1195	stability of ABCB1	T045	C1257825
27409663	1199	1225	post-transcriptional level	T045	C0035684
27409663	1249	1256	results	T033	C0683954
27409663	1269	1275	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	1276	1283	induced	T169	C0205263
27409663	1284	1288	P-gp	T116,T123	C0242643
27409663	1289	1299	expression	T045	C1171362
27409663	1322	1348	transcriptional activation	T045	C0162493
27409663	1353	1371	mRNA stabilization	T045	C1327287
27409663	1377	1384	results	T033	C0683954
27409663	1385	1394	suggested	T078	C1705535
27409663	1437	1453	cancer treatment	T061	C0920425
27409663	1460	1466	HDACIs	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27409663	1483	1489	induce	T169	C0205263
27409663	1490	1510	multidrug resistance	T032	C0242640
27409663	1514	1526	cancer cells	T025	C0334227

27410251|t|Mother - Infant Emotion Regulation at Three Months: The Role of Maternal Anxiety, Depression and Parenting Stress
27410251|a|While the association between anxiety and postpartum depression is well known, few studies have investigated the relationship between these two states and parenting stress. Furthermore, a number of studies have found that postpartum depression affects mother - infant emotion regulation, but there has been only one study on anxiety and emotion regulation and no studies at all on parenting stress and emotion regulation. Therefore, the primary aim of our study is to identify, in a community sample of 71 mothers, the relationship between maternal depression, anxiety, and parenting stress. The second aim is to examine the relationship between anxiety, postpartum depression, and parenting stress and mother - infant emotion regulation assessed at 3 months. Mother - infant interaction was coded with a modified version of the Infant Caregiver and Engagement Phases (ICEP) using a microanalytic approach. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) were administered to the mothers to assess depression, anxiety, and parenting stress, respectively. Analysis revealed correlations between anxiety and depression, showing that parenting stress is associated with both states. In a laboratory observation, depression was correlated with both negative maternal states and negative dyadic matches as well as infant positive / mother negative mismatches; anxiety was correlated with both negative maternal states and infant negative states as well as mismatches involving one of the partners having a negative state. Multiple regression analysis showed that anxiety is a greater predictor than depression of less adequate styles of mother - infant emotion regulation. Parenting stress was not shown to predict such regulation.
27410251	0	6	Mother	T099	C0026591
27410251	9	15	Infant	T100	C0021270
27410251	16	34	Emotion Regulation	T041	C2370884
27410251	38	50	Three Months	T079	C4082119
27410251	56	60	Role	T077	C1705810
27410251	64	80	Maternal Anxiety	T041	C0746427
27410251	82	92	Depression	T048	C0011570
27410251	97	113	Parenting Stress	T048	C0086209
27410251	124	135	association	T080	C0439849
27410251	144	151	anxiety	T041	C0746427
27410251	156	177	postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
27410251	197	204	studies	T062	C0008972
27410251	210	222	investigated	T169	C1292732
27410251	227	239	relationship	T080	C0439849
27410251	258	264	states	T169	C1442792
27410251	269	285	parenting stress	T048	C0086209
27410251	312	319	studies	T062	C0008972
27410251	336	357	postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
27410251	366	372	mother	T099	C0026591
27410251	375	381	infant	T100	C0021270
27410251	382	400	emotion regulation	T041	C2370884
27410251	430	435	study	T062	C0008972
27410251	439	446	anxiety	T041	C0746427
27410251	451	469	emotion regulation	T041	C2370884
27410251	477	484	studies	T062	C0008972
27410251	495	511	parenting stress	T048	C0086209
27410251	516	534	emotion regulation	T041	C2370884
27410251	570	575	study	T062	C0008972
27410251	597	606	community	T096	C0009462
27410251	607	613	sample	T167	C0370003
27410251	620	627	mothers	T099	C0026591
27410251	633	645	relationship	T080	C0439849
27410251	654	673	maternal depression	T048	C0221074
27410251	675	682	anxiety	T041	C0746427
27410251	688	704	parenting stress	T048	C0086209
27410251	739	751	relationship	T080	C0439849
27410251	760	767	anxiety	T041	C0746427
27410251	769	790	postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
27410251	796	812	parenting stress	T048	C0086209
27410251	817	823	mother	T099	C0026591
27410251	826	832	infant	T100	C0021270
27410251	833	851	emotion regulation	T041	C2370884
27410251	852	860	assessed	T052	C1516048
27410251	864	872	3 months	T079	C4082119
27410251	874	880	Mother	T099	C0026591
27410251	883	889	infant	T100	C0021270
27410251	890	901	interaction	T169	C1704675
27410251	906	911	coded	T052	C0441655
27410251	919	927	modified	T080	C0205349
27410251	928	935	version	T170	C0333052
27410251	943	981	Infant Caregiver and Engagement Phases	T170	C0282574
27410251	983	987	ICEP	T170	C0282574
27410251	997	1019	microanalytic approach	T062	C0086912
27410251	1025	1061	Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale	T170	C0451144
27410251	1063	1067	EPDS	T170	C0451144
27410251	1070	1099	State-Trait Anxiety Inventory	T060,T170	C0683457
27410251	1101	1105	STAI	T060,T170	C0683457
27410251	1112	1145	Parenting Stress Index-Short Form	T170	C0282574
27410251	1147	1153	PSI-SF	T170	C0282574
27410251	1180	1187	mothers	T099	C0026591
27410251	1191	1197	assess	T058	C0184514
27410251	1198	1208	depression	T048	C0011570
27410251	1210	1217	anxiety	T041	C0746427
27410251	1223	1239	parenting stress	T048	C0086209
27410251	1255	1263	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27410251	1273	1285	correlations	T080	C1707520
27410251	1294	1301	anxiety	T041	C0746427
27410251	1306	1316	depression	T048	C0011570
27410251	1331	1347	parenting stress	T048	C0086209
27410251	1351	1366	associated with	T080	C0332281
27410251	1372	1378	states	T169	C1442792
27410251	1385	1407	laboratory observation	T034	C4283904
27410251	1409	1419	depression	T048	C0011570
27410251	1424	1434	correlated	T080	C1707520
27410251	1445	1453	negative	T033	C0205160
27410251	1454	1462	maternal	T033	C1858460
27410251	1463	1469	states	T169	C1442792
27410251	1474	1482	negative	T033	C0205160
27410251	1483	1497	dyadic matches	T080	C1708943
27410251	1509	1515	infant	T100	C0021270
27410251	1516	1524	positive	T033	C1446409
27410251	1527	1533	mother	T099	C0026591
27410251	1534	1542	negative	T033	C0205160
27410251	1543	1553	mismatches	T080	C1881865
27410251	1555	1562	anxiety	T041	C0746427
27410251	1567	1577	correlated	T080	C1707520
27410251	1588	1596	negative	T033	C0205160
27410251	1597	1605	maternal	T033	C1858460
27410251	1606	1612	states	T169	C1442792
27410251	1617	1623	infant	T100	C0021270
27410251	1624	1632	negative	T033	C0205160
27410251	1633	1639	states	T169	C1442792
27410251	1651	1661	mismatches	T080	C1881865
27410251	1683	1691	partners	T099	C0682323
27410251	1701	1709	negative	T033	C0205160
27410251	1710	1715	state	T169	C1442792
27410251	1717	1745	Multiple regression analysis	T080	C0681923
27410251	1758	1765	anxiety	T041	C0746427
27410251	1779	1788	predictor	T078	C2698872
27410251	1794	1804	depression	T048	C0011570
27410251	1813	1821	adequate	T080	C0205411
27410251	1822	1828	styles	T080	C0489654
27410251	1832	1838	mother	T099	C0026591
27410251	1841	1847	infant	T100	C0021270
27410251	1848	1866	emotion regulation	T041	C2370884
27410251	1868	1884	Parenting stress	T048	C0086209
27410251	1902	1909	predict	T078	C0681842
27410251	1915	1925	regulation	T041	C2370884

27411238|t|Medical Devices; Gastroenterology-Urology Devices; Classification of the Metallic Biliary Stent System for Benign Strictures. Final order
27411238|a|The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying the metallic biliary stent system for benign strictures into class II (special controls). The special controls that will apply to the device are identified in this order and will be part of the codified language for the metallic biliary stent system for benign strictures ' classification. The Agency is classifying the device into class II (special controls) in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device.
27411238	0	15	Medical Devices	T074	C0025080
27411238	17	49	Gastroenterology-Urology Devices	T074	C0025080
27411238	51	65	Classification	T185	C0008902
27411238	73	81	Metallic	T197	C0025552
27411238	82	95	Biliary Stent	T074	C0183512
27411238	96	102	System	T169	C0449913
27411238	107	124	Benign Strictures	T047	C0341130
27411238	142	170	Food and Drug Administration	T093	C0041714
27411238	172	175	FDA	T093	C0041714
27411238	180	191	classifying	T185	C0008902
27411238	196	204	metallic	T197	C0025552
27411238	205	218	biliary stent	T074	C0183512
27411238	219	225	system	T169	C0449913
27411238	230	247	benign strictures	T047	C0341130
27411238	253	261	class II	T170	C0441886
27411238	263	279	special controls	T170	C1553903
27411238	286	302	special controls	T170	C1553903
27411238	326	332	device	T074	C0025080
27411238	337	347	identified	T080	C0205396
27411238	386	403	codified language	UnknownType	C0868934
27411238	412	420	metallic	T197	C0025552
27411238	421	434	biliary stent	T074	C0183512
27411238	435	441	system	T169	C0449913
27411238	446	463	benign strictures	T047	C0341130
27411238	466	480	classification	T185	C0008902
27411238	486	492	Agency	T093	C0041714
27411238	496	507	classifying	T185	C0008902
27411238	512	518	device	T074	C0025080
27411238	524	532	class II	T170	C0441886
27411238	534	550	special controls	T170	C1553903
27411238	598	604	safety	T058	C0014680
27411238	609	622	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27411238	630	636	device	T074	C0025080

27411493|t|Environmental Exposure to Cadmium: Health Risk Assessment and its Associations with Hypertension and Impaired Kidney Function
27411493|a|Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal. This study was aimed to estimate the potential health risks in a Cd - polluted district in China, and examine the relationship between urinary cadmium (UCd) and hypertension and impaired kidney function at low exposure levels (UCd: GM 1.3 μg/g creatinine). Blood pressure measurement, questionnaires, and collection of urinary samples were conducted from 217 residents. Environmental samples, food, and cigarette samples were collected and detected to estimate the risks posed by Cd and the contribution of inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact pathways to these risks. A logistic regression model was used in examining associations between exposure and hypertension and impaired kidney function. Results show that this population is at high risk. For non-smokers, incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) are 1.74E-04 and 2.96, and for smokers, they are 1.07E-03 and 52.5, respectively. Among all exposure pathways, smoking and foods cause the major increases in ILCR and HQ. UCd is significantly associated with hypertension (odds ratio (OR) = 1.468; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.104, 1.953; P = 0.008) and impaired kidney function (OR = 1.902, 95% CI: 1.054, 3.432; P = 0.033). The results demonstrate that Cd can potentially lead to adverse health effects.
27411493	0	22	Environmental Exposure	T037	C0014412
27411493	26	33	Cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27411493	35	57	Health Risk Assessment	T061	C0679809
27411493	66	78	Associations	T080	C0439849
27411493	84	96	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27411493	101	125	Impaired Kidney Function	T046	C0151746
27411493	126	133	Cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27411493	135	137	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27411493	144	149	toxic	T080	C1407029
27411493	150	155	metal	T197	C0025552
27411493	162	167	study	T062	C2603343
27411493	194	203	potential	T080	C3245505
27411493	204	210	health	T078	C0018684
27411493	211	216	risks	T078	C0035647
27411493	222	224	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27411493	227	235	polluted	T068	C0563032
27411493	248	253	China	T083	C0008115
27411493	271	283	relationship	T080	C0439849
27411493	292	299	urinary	T031	C0042036
27411493	292	307	urinary cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27411493	309	312	UCd	T131,T196	C0006632
27411493	318	330	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27411493	335	359	impaired kidney function	T046	C0151746
27411493	363	375	low exposure	T080	C4048187
27411493	376	382	levels	T080	C0441889
27411493	384	387	UCd	T131,T196	C0006632
27411493	401	411	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27411493	414	440	Blood pressure measurement	T058	C3826646
27411493	442	456	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27411493	476	491	urinary samples	T031	C1610733
27411493	516	525	residents	T098	C2347958
27411493	527	540	Environmental	T082	C0014406
27411493	541	548	samples	T167	C0370003
27411493	550	554	food	T168	C0016452
27411493	560	569	cigarette	T073	C0677453
27411493	570	577	samples	T167	C0370003
27411493	583	592	collected	T169	C1516698
27411493	597	605	detected	T033	C0442726
27411493	622	627	risks	T078	C0035647
27411493	637	639	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27411493	664	674	inhalation	T037	C0524800
27411493	676	685	ingestion	T037	C3544188
27411493	691	714	dermal contact pathways	T033	C3203570
27411493	724	729	risks	T078	C0035647
27411493	733	758	logistic regression model	UnknownType	C0681925
27411493	781	793	associations	T080	C0439849
27411493	802	810	exposure	T080	C0332157
27411493	815	827	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27411493	832	856	impaired kidney function	T046	C0151746
27411493	858	865	Results	T169	C1274040
27411493	881	891	population	T098	C1257890
27411493	913	924	non-smokers	T033	C0337672
27411493	926	958	incremental lifetime cancer risk	T081	C0596244
27411493	960	964	ILCR	T081	C0596244
27411493	970	985	hazard quotient	T081	C2347741
27411493	987	989	HQ	T081	C2347741
27411493	1022	1029	smokers	T033	C0337664
27411493	1083	1100	exposure pathways	T077	C1705987
27411493	1102	1109	smoking	T055	C0037369
27411493	1114	1119	foods	T168	C0016452
27411493	1149	1153	ILCR	T081	C0596244
27411493	1158	1160	HQ	T081	C2347741
27411493	1162	1165	UCd	T131,T196	C0006632
27411493	1199	1211	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27411493	1213	1223	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27411493	1225	1227	OR	T081	C0028873
27411493	1242	1261	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27411493	1263	1265	CI	T081	C0009667
27411493	1297	1321	impaired kidney function	T046	C0151746
27411493	1323	1325	OR	T081	C0028873
27411493	1339	1341	CI	T081	C0009667
27411493	1373	1380	results	T169	C1274040
27411493	1398	1400	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27411493	1433	1439	health	T078	C0018684
27411493	1440	1447	effects	T080	C1280500

27411686|t|Altererythrobacter confluentis sp. nov., isolated from water of an estuary environment
27411686|a|A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and ovoid or rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KEM-4T, was isolated from water of an estuary environment on the Yellow Sea, South Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain KEM-4T grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30 °C and in the presence of 1.0-2.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KEM-4T fell within the clade comprising the type strains of Altererythrobacter species, clustering with the type strains of Altererythrobacter aestiaquae, Altererythrobacter gangjinensis and Altererythrobacter luteolus showing 95.0-96.5 % sequence similarity. Sequences similarities to the type strains of the other Altererythrobacter species were 93.1-95.1 %. Strain KEM-4T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18:1 ω7c, summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c and/or C16:1 ω7c) and C17:1 ω6c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and sphingoglycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain KEM-4T was 59.5 mol%. Differential phenotypic properties, together with the phylogenetic distinctiveness, revealed that strain KEM-4T is separated from recognized Altererythrobacter species. On the basis of the data presented, strain KEM-4T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Altererythrobacter, for which the name Altererythrobacter confluentis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of is KEM-4T (= KCTC 52259T = NBRC 112305T).
27411686	0	39	Altererythrobacter confluentis sp. nov.	T007	C2614142
27411686	67	74	estuary	T070	C3494468
27411686	89	108	Gram-stain-negative	T033	C0855277
27411686	110	117	aerobic	T080	C1510824
27411686	119	129	non-motile	T007	C1301466
27411686	134	139	ovoid	T082	C0332492
27411686	143	153	rod-shaped	T082	C1947942
27411686	154	170	bacterial strain	T080	C0521009
27411686	183	189	KEM-4T	T001	C1518614
27411686	221	228	estuary	T070	C3494468
27411686	248	258	Yellow Sea	T083	C0036493
27411686	260	271	South Korea	T083	C0022773
27411686	292	318	polyphasic taxonomic study	T062	C0242481
27411686	320	333	Strain KEM-4T	T001	C1518614
27411686	422	434	phylogenetic	UnknownType	C0683236
27411686	450	473	16S rRNA gene sequences	T114	C3537372
27411686	486	499	strain KEM-4T	T001	C1518614
27411686	516	521	clade	T204	C0684063
27411686	553	579	Altererythrobacter species	T007	C2614142
27411686	617	646	Altererythrobacter aestiaquae	T007	C3948226
27411686	648	679	Altererythrobacter gangjinensis	T007	C3718340
27411686	684	711	Altererythrobacter luteolus	T007	C1662874
27411686	732	751	sequence similarity	T081	C1710052
27411686	753	775	Sequences similarities	T081	C1710052
27411686	809	835	Altererythrobacter species	T007	C2614142
27411686	854	867	Strain KEM-4T	T001	C1518614
27411686	878	882	Q-10	T109,T121,T123	C0056077
27411686	902	912	ubiquinone	T109,T121,T123	C0041536
27411686	917	926	C18:1 ω7c	T109	C0015684
27411686	946	955	C16:1 ω6c	T109	C0015684
27411686	963	972	C16:1 ω7c	T109	C0015684
27411686	978	987	C17:1 ω6c	T109	C0015684
27411686	1001	1012	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
27411686	1030	1036	lipids	T109	C0023779
27411686	1042	1061	phosphatidylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27411686	1063	1087	phosphatidylethanolamine	T109,T123	C0031618
27411686	1089	1109	phosphatidylglycerol	T109,T123	C0031614
27411686	1114	1131	sphingoglycolipid	T123	C0574031
27411686	1137	1140	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27411686	1141	1152	G+C content	T081	C1135899
27411686	1156	1169	strain KEM-4T	T001	C1518614
27411686	1198	1219	phenotypic properties	T033	C1837514
27411686	1239	1267	phylogenetic distinctiveness	T080	C1519069
27411686	1283	1296	strain KEM-4T	T001	C1518614
27411686	1326	1352	Altererythrobacter species	T007	C2614142
27411686	1390	1403	strain KEM-4T	T001	C1518614
27411686	1439	1446	species	T185	C1705920
27411686	1454	1459	genus	T185	C1708235
27411686	1460	1478	Altererythrobacter	T007	C2614142
27411686	1499	1538	Altererythrobacter confluentis sp. nov.	T007	C2614142
27411686	1574	1580	KEM-4T	T001	C1518614

27412144|t|Nonstenotic carotid plaque on CT angiography in patients with cryptogenic stroke
27412144|a|To determine whether large (≥3 mm thick) but nonstenotic (<50%) carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque predominantly occurs ipsilateral rather than contralateral to cryptogenic stroke. This was a cross-sectional observational study. Using a stroke registry, we identified consecutive patients with anterior circulation embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS). Using CT angiography, we measured carotid plaque size (thickness, mm) and carotid artery stenosis (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial method) for each patient. We dichotomized plaque size at several predefined thresholds and calculated the frequency of plaque size above each threshold ipsilateral vs contralateral to stroke. We included 85 patients with ESUS. Plaque with thickness ≥5 mm was present ipsilateral to stroke in 11% of patients, and contralateral in 1% (9/85 vs 1/85; p = 0.008). Plaque with thickness ≥4 mm was present ipsilateral to stroke in 19% of patients, and contralateral in 5% (16/85 vs 4/85; p = 0.002). Plaque with thickness ≥3 mm was present ipsilateral to stroke in 35% of patients, and contralateral in 15% (30/85 vs 13/85; p = 0.001). There was no difference in percentage stenosis ipsilateral vs contralateral to stroke (p = 0.98), and weak correlation between plaque size and stenosis (R(2) = 0.26, p < 0.001). Large but nonstenotic carotid artery plaque is considerably more common ipsilateral than contralateral to cryptogenic stroke, suggesting that nonstenotic plaque is an underrecognized cause of stroke. We measured plaque size using CT angiography, a method that could be easily implemented in clinical practice.
27412144	0	11	Nonstenotic	T033	C0243095
27412144	12	26	carotid plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	30	44	CT angiography	T060	C1536105
27412144	48	56	patients	T101	C0030705
27412144	62	73	cryptogenic	T169	C0332240
27412144	74	80	stroke	T047	C0038454
27412144	126	137	nonstenotic	T033	C0243095
27412144	145	182	carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	204	215	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27412144	228	241	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27412144	245	256	cryptogenic	T169	C0332240
27412144	257	263	stroke	T047	C0038454
27412144	276	311	cross-sectional observational study	T062	C0010362
27412144	321	327	stroke	T047	C0038454
27412144	328	336	registry	T170	C0034975
27412144	352	363	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27412144	364	372	patients	T101	C0030705
27412144	378	436	anterior circulation embolic stroke of undetermined source	T047	C0393964
27412144	438	442	ESUS	T047	C3888970
27412144	451	465	CT angiography	T060	C1536105
27412144	479	493	carotid plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	494	498	size	T082	C0456389
27412144	500	509	thickness	T080	C1280412
27412144	519	542	carotid artery stenosis	T047	C0007282
27412144	544	606	North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial method	T170	C3889639
27412144	617	624	patient	T101	C0030705
27412144	629	641	dichotomized	T080	C0205556
27412144	642	648	plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	649	653	size	T082	C0456389
27412144	676	686	thresholds	T080	C0449864
27412144	706	715	frequency	T080	C1561548
27412144	719	725	plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	726	730	size	T082	C0456389
27412144	742	751	threshold	T080	C0449864
27412144	752	763	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27412144	767	780	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27412144	784	790	stroke	T047	C0038454
27412144	807	815	patients	T101	C0030705
27412144	821	825	ESUS	T047	C3888970
27412144	827	833	Plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	839	848	thickness	T080	C1280412
27412144	867	878	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27412144	882	888	stroke	T047	C0038454
27412144	899	907	patients	T101	C0030705
27412144	913	926	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27412144	960	966	Plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	972	981	thickness	T080	C1280412
27412144	1000	1011	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27412144	1015	1021	stroke	T047	C0038454
27412144	1032	1040	patients	T101	C0030705
27412144	1046	1059	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27412144	1094	1100	Plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	1106	1115	thickness	T080	C1280412
27412144	1134	1145	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27412144	1149	1155	stroke	T047	C0038454
27412144	1166	1174	patients	T101	C0030705
27412144	1180	1193	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27412144	1268	1276	stenosis	T047	C0007282
27412144	1277	1288	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27412144	1292	1305	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27412144	1309	1315	stroke	T047	C0038454
27412144	1357	1363	plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	1364	1368	size	T082	C0456389
27412144	1373	1381	stenosis	T047	C0007282
27412144	1418	1429	nonstenotic	T033	C0243095
27412144	1430	1451	carotid artery plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	1480	1491	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27412144	1497	1510	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27412144	1514	1525	cryptogenic	T169	C0332240
27412144	1526	1532	stroke	T047	C0038454
27412144	1550	1561	nonstenotic	T033	C0243095
27412144	1562	1568	plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	1600	1606	stroke	T047	C0038454
27412144	1620	1626	plaque	T020	C0751633
27412144	1627	1631	size	T082	C0456389
27412144	1638	1652	CT angiography	T060	C1536105
27412144	1699	1716	clinical practice	T201	C0683325

27412368|t|Association of prenatal and early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE) with polycystic ovary syndrome and other reproductive disorders in the cape cod health study: A retrospective cohort study
27412368|a|Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is an organic lipophilic solvent with possible neuroendocrine toxicity. The objective of this study was to determine the association of prenatal and early childhood exposure to PCE - contaminated drinking water and development of adult-onset Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, difficulty conceiving and miscarriage. Five-hundred exposed and 331 unexposed female participants born between 1969 and 1983 completed questionnaires on demographic and lifestyle characteristics, and reproductive disorders. Residential locations from the prenatal period through five years of age were used to estimate early life PCE exposure with water modeling software. For any early life exposure to PCE, the adjusted risk ratio for PCOS was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.5-1.6). No statistically significan t associations were observed for increasing levels of exposure with PCOS or the other reproductive disorders. No meaningful associations were found among adult women with early life exposure to PCE - contaminated drinking water and adult-onset reproductive disorders.
27412368	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27412368	15	23	prenatal	T100	C0678804
27412368	39	50	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27412368	51	70	tetrachloroethylene	T109,T131	C0039637
27412368	72	75	PCE	T109,T131	C0039637
27412368	82	107	polycystic ovary syndrome	T047	C0032460
27412368	118	140	reproductive disorders	T047	C1659749
27412368	148	156	cape cod	T083	C0017446
27412368	157	169	health study	T062	C0008972
27412368	173	199	retrospective cohort study	T062	C0035363
27412368	200	219	Tetrachloroethylene	T109,T131	C0039637
27412368	221	224	PCE	T109,T131	C0039637
27412368	232	239	organic	T080	C0747055
27412368	240	250	lipophilic	T081	C0598631
27412368	251	258	solvent	T130	C0037638
27412368	273	287	neuroendocrine	T022	C0027912
27412368	288	296	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27412368	302	311	objective	T170	C0018017
27412368	320	325	study	T062	C2603343
27412368	347	358	association	T080	C0439849
27412368	362	370	prenatal	T100	C0678804
27412368	375	390	early childhood	T079	C0599196
27412368	391	402	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27412368	403	406	PCE	T109,T131	C0039637
27412368	409	421	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27412368	422	436	drinking water	T167	C0599638
27412368	441	452	development	T039	C0243107
27412368	456	467	adult-onset	T033	C1853562
27412368	468	493	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	T047	C0032460
27412368	495	499	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27412368	502	515	endometriosis	T047	C0014175
27412368	517	538	difficulty conceiving	T033	C0013418
27412368	543	554	miscarriage	T046	C0000786
27412368	569	576	exposed	T080	C0332157
27412368	585	594	unexposed	T098	C2349018
27412368	595	601	female	T032	C0086287
27412368	602	614	participants	T098	C0679646
27412368	642	651	completed	T080	C0205197
27412368	652	666	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27412368	670	681	demographic	T078	C0011292
27412368	686	695	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27412368	696	711	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27412368	717	739	reproductive disorders	T047	C1659749
27412368	741	762	Residential locations	T082	C0442506
27412368	772	780	prenatal	T100	C0678804
27412368	781	787	period	T079	C1948053
27412368	810	813	age	T032	C0001779
27412368	827	835	estimate	T081	C0750572
27412368	847	850	PCE	T109,T131	C0039637
27412368	851	859	exposure	T080	C0332157
27412368	865	888	water modeling software	T073,T170	C0037585
27412368	909	920	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27412368	921	924	PCE	T109,T131	C0039637
27412368	930	949	adjusted risk ratio	T081	C0242492
27412368	954	958	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27412368	972	974	CI	T081	C0009667
27412368	989	1013	statistically significan	T081	C0237881
27412368	1016	1028	associations	T080	C0439849
27412368	1034	1042	observed	T169	C1441672
27412368	1047	1057	increasing	T169	C0442808
27412368	1058	1064	levels	T080	C0441889
27412368	1068	1076	exposure	T080	C0332157
27412368	1082	1086	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27412368	1100	1122	reproductive disorders	T047	C1659749
27412368	1138	1150	associations	T080	C0439849
27412368	1156	1161	found	T033	C0150312
27412368	1168	1173	adult	T100	C0001675
27412368	1174	1179	women	T098	C0043210
27412368	1196	1207	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27412368	1208	1211	PCE	T109,T131	C0039637
27412368	1214	1226	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27412368	1227	1241	drinking water	T167	C0599638
27412368	1246	1257	adult-onset	T033	C1853562
27412368	1258	1280	reproductive disorders	T047	C1659749

27412452|t|Host plant affects the sexual attractiveness of the female white-spotted longicorn beetle, Anoplophora malasiaca
27412452|a|Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a serious pest that destroys various landscape and crop trees in Japan. We evaluated the precopulatory responses of three different A. malasiaca populations collected from mandarin orange, willow and blueberry trees. Most of the males accepted mates from within the same host plant population as well as females from the willow and blueberry populations. However, significant number of males from the blueberry and willow populations rejected females from the mandarin orange population immediately after touching them with their antennae. Because all three of the female populations produced contact sex pheromones on their elytra, the females of the mandarin orange population were predicted to possess extra chemicals that repelled the males of the other two populations. β-Elemene was identified as a key component that was only found in mandarin orange -fed females and induced a rejection response in willow -fed males. Our results represent the first example of a female -acquired repellent against conspecific males of different host plant populations, indicating that the host plant greatly affects the female's sexual attractiveness.
27412452	0	10	Host plant	T002	C0032098
27412452	23	44	sexual attractiveness	T001	C0029235
27412452	52	58	female	T032	C0086287
27412452	59	89	white-spotted longicorn beetle	T204	C0009276
27412452	91	112	Anoplophora malasiaca	T204	C1229576
27412452	113	134	Anoplophora malasiaca	T204	C1229576
27412452	136	146	Coleoptera	T204	C0009276
27412452	148	160	Cerambycidae	T204	C1005233
27412452	202	211	landscape	T082	C0870781
27412452	216	220	crop	T002	C0242775
27412452	221	226	trees	T002	C0040811
27412452	230	235	Japan	T083	C0022341
27412452	254	267	precopulatory	T080	C0205556
27412452	268	277	responses	T032	C0871261
27412452	297	309	A. malasiaca	T204	C1229576
27412452	310	321	populations	T098	C1257890
27412452	337	352	mandarin orange	T002	C0884217
27412452	354	360	willow	T002	C0995181
27412452	365	380	blueberry trees	T002	C0950036
27412452	394	399	males	T032	C0086582
27412452	436	446	host plant	T002	C0032098
27412452	447	457	population	T098	C1257890
27412452	469	476	females	T032	C0086287
27412452	486	492	willow	T002	C0995181
27412452	497	506	blueberry	T002	C0950036
27412452	507	518	populations	T081	C0032659
27412452	551	556	males	T032	C0086582
27412452	566	575	blueberry	T002	C0950036
27412452	580	586	willow	T002	C0995181
27412452	587	598	populations	T098	C1257890
27412452	608	615	females	T032	C0086287
27412452	625	640	mandarin orange	T002	C0884217
27412452	641	651	population	T081	C0032659
27412452	695	703	antennae	T023	C2936203
27412452	730	736	female	T032	C0086287
27412452	737	748	populations	T098	C1257890
27412452	766	780	sex pheromones	T123	C0036863
27412452	790	796	elytra	T023	C0229962
27412452	802	809	females	T032	C0086287
27412452	817	832	mandarin orange	T002	C0884217
27412452	833	843	population	T081	C0032659
27412452	876	885	chemicals	T103	C0220806
27412452	904	909	males	T032	C0086582
27412452	927	938	populations	T081	C0032659
27412452	940	949	β-Elemene	T109,T123	C1101268
27412452	1007	1022	mandarin orange	T002	C0884217
27412452	1028	1035	females	T032	C0086287
27412452	1050	1059	rejection	T080	C1548437
27412452	1060	1068	response	T032	C0871261
27412452	1072	1078	willow	T002	C0995181
27412452	1084	1089	males	T032	C0086582
27412452	1136	1142	female	T032	C0086287
27412452	1153	1162	repellent	T131	C0544309
27412452	1183	1188	males	T032	C0086582
27412452	1202	1212	host plant	T002	C0032098
27412452	1213	1224	populations	T081	C0032659
27412452	1246	1256	host plant	T002	C0032098
27412452	1277	1285	female's	T032	C0086287
27412452	1286	1307	sexual attractiveness	T001	C0029235

27412526|t|Variability in conditioned pain modulation predicts response to NSAID treatment in patients with knee osteoarthritis
27412526|a|Patients with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) demonstrate hyperalgesia and altered pain-modulatory responses. While some prior work has demonstrated cross-sectional associations between laboratory and clinical pain measures, it is unknown whether individual variability in quantitative sensory testing (QST) responses at baseline can prospectively predict analgesic treatment responses. Patients with knee OA (n = 35) were compared on QST responses to a demographically -matched pain-free control group (n = 39), after which patients completed a month-long treatment study of diclofenac sodium topical gel (1 %), applied up to 4 times daily. OA patients demonstrated reduced pain thresholds at multiple anatomic sites, as well as reduced conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and enhanced temporal summation of pain. The most pain-sensitive patients tended to report the most intense and neuropathic OA pain. Following diclofenac treatment, the knee OA cohort showed a roughly 30 % improvement in pain, regardless of the presence or absence of neuropathic symptoms. Baseline CPM scores, an index of endogenous pain-inhibitory capacity, were prospectively associated with treatment -related changes in clinical pain. Specifically, participants with higher CPM at baseline (i.e., better functioning endogenous pain - inhibitory systems) showed more reduction in pain at the end of treatment (p < .05). These results support prior findings of amplified pain sensitivity and reduced pain-inhibition in OA patients. Moreover, the moderate to strong associations between laboratory-based measures of pain sensitivity and indices of clinical pain highlight the clinical relevance of QST in this sample. Finally, the prospective association between CPM and diclofenac response suggests that QST-based phenotyping may have utility in explaining inter-patient variability in long-term analgesic treatment outcomes. ClinicalTrials .Gov Identifier: NCT01383954. Registered June 22, 2011.
27412526	0	11	Variability	T077	C2827666
27412526	15	42	conditioned pain modulation	T061	C0002766
27412526	52	60	response	T032	C0871261
27412526	64	69	NSAID	T121	C3536840
27412526	70	79	treatment	T061	C0087111
27412526	83	91	patients	T101	C0030705
27412526	97	116	knee osteoarthritis	T047	C0409959
27412526	117	125	Patients	T101	C0030705
27412526	131	138	painful	T184	C0030193
27412526	139	158	knee osteoarthritis	T047	C0409959
27412526	160	162	OA	T047	C0409959
27412526	176	188	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
27412526	193	200	altered	T169	C0392747
27412526	201	216	pain-modulatory	T061	C0002766
27412526	217	226	responses	T032	C0871261
27412526	267	295	cross-sectional associations	T062	C0010362
27412526	304	314	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27412526	319	327	clinical	T080	C0205210
27412526	333	341	measures	T169	C1879489
27412526	376	387	variability	T077	C2827666
27412526	391	419	quantitative sensory testing	T060	C0430838
27412526	421	424	QST	T060	C0430838
27412526	426	435	responses	T032	C0871261
27412526	439	447	baseline	T081	C1442488
27412526	474	483	analgesic	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27412526	484	503	treatment responses	T201	C0521982
27412526	505	513	Patients	T101	C0030705
27412526	519	526	knee OA	T047	C0409959
27412526	553	556	QST	T060	C0430838
27412526	557	566	responses	T032	C0871261
27412526	572	587	demographically	T090	C0011298
27412526	597	606	pain-free	T169	C0234226
27412526	607	620	control group	T096	C0009932
27412526	643	651	patients	T101	C0030705
27412526	675	690	treatment study	T062	C3161471
27412526	694	723	diclofenac sodium topical gel	T200	C0357603
27412526	731	738	applied	T169	C4048755
27412526	760	762	OA	T047	C0409959
27412526	763	771	patients	T101	C0030705
27412526	785	792	reduced	T080	C0392756
27412526	793	808	pain thresholds	T033	C0162703
27412526	821	835	anatomic sites	T029	C1515974
27412526	848	855	reduced	T080	C0392756
27412526	856	883	conditioned pain modulation	T061	C0002766
27412526	885	888	CPM	T061	C0002766
27412526	894	902	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27412526	903	921	temporal summation	T042	C0234110
27412526	925	929	pain	T184	C0030193
27412526	940	954	pain-sensitive	T033	C0162703
27412526	955	963	patients	T101	C0030705
27412526	990	997	intense	T080	C0522510
27412526	1002	1013	neuropathic	T033	C3714625
27412526	1014	1016	OA	T047	C0409959
27412526	1017	1021	pain	T184	C0030193
27412526	1033	1043	diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
27412526	1044	1053	treatment	T061	C0087111
27412526	1059	1066	knee OA	T047	C0409959
27412526	1067	1073	cohort	T098	C0599755
27412526	1111	1115	pain	T184	C0030193
27412526	1117	1127	regardless	T080	C3641650
27412526	1158	1178	neuropathic symptoms	T033	C3714625
27412526	1180	1188	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27412526	1189	1192	CPM	T061	C0002766
27412526	1213	1223	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27412526	1224	1248	pain-inhibitory capacity	T040	C3895972
27412526	1269	1284	associated with	T080	C0332281
27412526	1285	1294	treatment	T061	C0087111
27412526	1315	1323	clinical	T080	C0205210
27412526	1324	1328	pain	T184	C0030193
27412526	1344	1356	participants	T098	C0679646
27412526	1369	1372	CPM	T061	C0002766
27412526	1376	1384	baseline	T081	C1442488
27412526	1411	1421	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27412526	1422	1426	pain	T184	C0030193
27412526	1429	1447	inhibitory systems	T123	C0574031
27412526	1461	1470	reduction	T061	C0441610
27412526	1474	1478	pain	T184	C0030193
27412526	1493	1502	treatment	T061	C0087111
27412526	1520	1527	results	T034	C0456984
27412526	1542	1550	findings	T033	C0243095
27412526	1554	1580	amplified pain sensitivity	T033	C0162703
27412526	1585	1592	reduced	T080	C0392756
27412526	1593	1608	pain-inhibition	T040	C3895972
27412526	1612	1614	OA	T047	C0409959
27412526	1615	1623	patients	T101	C0030705
27412526	1679	1695	laboratory-based	T073,T093	C0022877
27412526	1696	1704	measures	T169	C1879489
27412526	1708	1724	pain sensitivity	T033	C0162703
27412526	1729	1736	indices	T169	C0205263
27412526	1740	1748	clinical	T080	C0205210
27412526	1749	1753	pain	T184	C0030193
27412526	1768	1776	clinical	T080	C0205210
27412526	1777	1786	relevance	T080	C2347946
27412526	1790	1793	QST	T060	C0430838
27412526	1855	1858	CPM	T061	C0002766
27412526	1863	1873	diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
27412526	1874	1882	response	T032	C0871261
27412526	1883	1891	suggests	T078	C1705535
27412526	1897	1906	QST-based	T060	C0430838
27412526	1907	1918	phenotyping	T169	C1314763
27412526	1950	1963	inter-patient	T101	C0030705
27412526	1964	1975	variability	T077	C2827666
27412526	1979	1988	long-term	T079	C0443252
27412526	1989	1998	analgesic	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27412526	1999	2017	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
27412526	2019	2033	ClinicalTrials	T062	C0008976

27412534|t|In Vitro Assays for the Discovery of PCSK9 Autoprocessing Inhibitors
27412534|a|PCSK9 plays a significant role in regulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and has become an important drug target for treating hypercholesterolemia. Although a member of the serine protease family, PCSK9 only catalyzes a single reaction, the autocleavage of its prodomain. The maturation of the proprotein is an essential prerequisite for the secretion of PCSK9 to the extracellular space where it binds the LDL receptor and targets it for degradation. We have found that a construct of proPCSK9 where the C-terminal domain has been truncated has sufficient stability to be expressed and purified from Escherichia coli for the in vitro study of autoprocessing. Using automated Western analysis, we demonstrate that autoprocessing exhibits the anticipated first-order kinetics. A high-throughput time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for autocleavage has been developed using a PCSK9 monoclonal antibody that is sensitive to the conformational changes that occur upon maturation of the proprotein. Kinetic theory has been developed that describes the behavior of both reversible and irreversible inhibitors of autocleavage. The analysis of an irreversible lactone inhibitor validates the expected relationship between potency and the reaction end point. An orthogonal liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay has also been implemented for the confirmation of hits from the antibody-based assays.
27412534	0	15	In Vitro Assays	T062	C1515653
27412534	24	33	Discovery	T052	C1880355
27412534	37	68	PCSK9 Autoprocessing Inhibitors	T121	C4051515
27412534	69	74	PCSK9	T116,T126	C4255394
27412534	103	113	regulating	T038	C1327622
27412534	114	162	low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels	T059	C0202117
27412534	139	142	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
27412534	191	202	drug target	T169	C1521840
27412534	207	215	treating	T169	C1522326
27412534	216	236	hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
27412534	263	285	serine protease family	T116,T126	C2717971
27412534	287	292	PCSK9	T116,T126	C4255394
27412534	298	307	catalyzes	T067	C1254366
27412534	310	325	single reaction	T169	C0443286
27412534	331	343	autocleavage	T067	C1254366
27412534	351	360	prodomain	T087	C1514562
27412534	366	376	maturation	T040	C0678723
27412534	384	394	proprotein	T116	C1709708
27412534	411	423	prerequisite	T078	C0679209
27412534	432	441	secretion	T038	C0036536
27412534	445	450	PCSK9	T116,T126	C4255394
27412534	458	477	extracellular space	T030	C0015352
27412534	487	492	binds	T052	C1145667
27412534	497	509	LDL receptor	T116,T192	C0034821
27412534	514	521	targets	T169	C1521840
27412534	529	540	degradation	T169	C0243125
27412534	563	584	construct of proPCSK9	T116	C1709708
27412534	595	612	C-terminal domain	T087	C1514562
27412534	622	631	truncated	T080	C0849355
27412534	647	656	stability	T080	C0205360
27412534	663	672	expressed	T045	C0017262
27412534	677	685	purified	T169	C1998793
27412534	691	707	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27412534	716	730	in vitro study	T062	C0681828
27412534	734	748	autoprocessing	T067	C1254366
27412534	756	782	automated Western analysis	T059,T063	C0005863
27412534	804	818	autoprocessing	T067	C1254366
27412534	832	843	anticipated	T033	C3840775
27412534	844	864	first-order kinetics	UnknownType	C0878685
27412534	868	883	high-throughput	T059	C2718002
27412534	884	942	time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay	T059	C0597717
27412534	947	959	autocleavage	T067	C1254366
27412534	987	1012	PCSK9 monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
27412534	1021	1030	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27412534	1038	1060	conformational changes	T044	C0301641
27412534	1077	1087	maturation	T040	C0678723
27412534	1095	1105	proprotein	T116	C1709708
27412534	1107	1121	Kinetic theory	T070	C1254365
27412534	1160	1168	behavior	T053	C0004927
27412534	1177	1187	reversible	T121	C1254351
27412534	1192	1215	irreversible inhibitors	T121	C1254351
27412534	1219	1231	autocleavage	T067	C1254366
27412534	1237	1245	analysis	T062	C0936012
27412534	1252	1282	irreversible lactone inhibitor	T121	C1254351
27412534	1306	1318	relationship	T080	C0439849
27412534	1327	1334	potency	T080	C3245505
27412534	1343	1351	reaction	T169	C0443286
27412534	1352	1361	end point	T080	C2349179
27412534	1366	1422	orthogonal liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay	T059	C0872318
27412534	1437	1448	implemented	T033	C0243095
27412534	1487	1508	antibody-based assays	T059	C0005507

27412612|t|The cost-effectiveness of family / family-based therapy for treatment of externalizing disorders, substance use disorders and delinquency: a systematic review
27412612|a|Family therapy and family-based treatment has been commonly applied in children and adolescents in mental health care and has been proven to be effective. There is an increased interest in economic evaluations of these, often expensive, interventions. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and evaluate the evidence on cost-effectiveness of family / family-based therapy for externalizing disorders, substance use disorders and delinquency. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Education Resource information Centre (ERIC), Psycinfo and Cochrane reviews including studies conducted after 1990 and before the first of August of 2013. Full economic evaluations investigating family / family-based interventions for adolescents between 10 and 20 years treated for substance use disorders, delinquency or externalizing disorders were included. Seven hundred thirty-one articles met the search criteria and 51 studies were initially selected. The final selection resulted in the inclusion of 11 studies. The quality of these studies was assessed. Within the identified studies, there was great variation in the specific type of family / family-based interventions and disorders. According to the outcomes of the checklists, the overall quality of the economic evaluations was low. Results varied by study. Due to the variations in setting, design and outcome it was not feasible to pool results using a meta-analysis. The quality of the identified economic evaluations of family / family-based therapy for treatment of externalizing disorders, adolescent substance use disorders and delinquency was insufficient to determine the cost-effectiveness. Although commonly applied, family / family-based therapy is costly and more research of higher quality is needed.
27412612	4	22	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27412612	26	32	family	T099	C0015576
27412612	35	55	family-based therapy	T061	C0087111
27412612	60	69	treatment	T169	C1522326
27412612	73	96	externalizing disorders	T048	C0004936
27412612	98	121	substance use disorders	T048	C0038586
27412612	126	137	delinquency	T048	C0522174
27412612	152	158	review	T170	C0282443
27412612	159	173	Family therapy	T061	C0087111
27412612	178	200	family-based treatment	T169	C1522326
27412612	230	238	children	T100	C0008059
27412612	243	254	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27412612	258	276	mental health care	T061	C0184643
27412612	348	368	economic evaluations	T057	C0150099
27412612	396	409	interventions	T061	C0184661
27412612	438	444	review	T170	C0282443
27412612	465	473	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27412612	490	508	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27412612	512	518	family	T099	C0015576
27412612	521	541	family-based therapy	T061	C0087111
27412612	546	569	externalizing disorders	T048	C0004936
27412612	571	594	substance use disorders	T048	C0038586
27412612	599	610	delinquency	T048	C0522174
27412612	660	666	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27412612	668	705	Education Resource information Centre	T073	C1449627
27412612	707	711	ERIC	T073	C1449627
27412612	714	722	Psycinfo	T170	C1140129
27412612	727	735	Cochrane	T170	C0242356
27412612	736	743	reviews	T170	C0282443
27412612	754	761	studies	T059	C0947630
27412612	828	848	economic evaluations	T057	C0150099
27412612	863	869	family	T099	C0015576
27412612	872	898	family-based interventions	T061	C0184661
27412612	903	914	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27412612	933	938	years	T079	C0439234
27412612	939	946	treated	T169	C1522326
27412612	951	974	substance use disorders	T048	C0038586
27412612	976	987	delinquency	T048	C0522174
27412612	991	1014	externalizing disorders	T048	C0004936
27412612	1055	1063	articles	T170	C1706852
27412612	1095	1102	studies	T059	C0947630
27412612	1180	1187	studies	T059	C0947630
27412612	1193	1200	quality	T080	C0332306
27412612	1210	1217	studies	T059	C0947630
27412612	1222	1230	assessed	T052	C1516048
27412612	1254	1261	studies	T059	C0947630
27412612	1313	1319	family	T099	C0015576
27412612	1322	1348	family-based interventions	T061	C0184661
27412612	1353	1362	disorders	T047	C0012634
27412612	1381	1389	outcomes	T057	C0085565
27412612	1421	1428	quality	T080	C0332306
27412612	1436	1456	economic evaluations	T057	C0150099
27412612	1484	1489	study	T059	C0947630
27412612	1588	1601	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27412612	1607	1614	quality	T080	C0332306
27412612	1633	1653	economic evaluations	T057	C0150099
27412612	1657	1663	family	T099	C0015576
27412612	1666	1686	family-based therapy	T061	C0087111
27412612	1691	1700	treatment	T169	C1522326
27412612	1704	1727	externalizing disorders	T048	C0004936
27412612	1729	1739	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27412612	1740	1763	substance use disorders	T048	C0038586
27412612	1768	1779	delinquency	T048	C0522174
27412612	1814	1832	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27412612	1861	1867	family	T099	C0015576
27412612	1870	1890	family-based therapy	T061	C0087111
27412612	1929	1936	quality	T080	C0332306

27412759|t|Molecular detection of infection homogeneity and impact of miltefosine treatment in a Syrian golden hamster model of Leishmania donovani and L. infantum visceral leishmaniasis
27412759|a|Control of visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani primarily relies on chemotherapy using an increasingly compromised repertoire of antileishmanial compounds. For evaluation of novel drugs, the Syrian golden hamster is considered as a clinically relevant laboratory model. In this study, two molecular parasite detection assays were developed targeting cathepsin-like cysteine protease B (CPB) DNA and 18S rRNA to achieve absolute amastigote quantification in the major target organs liver and spleen. Both quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques showed excellent agreement with a strong correlation with the conventional microscopic reading of Giemsa-stained tissue smears. Using multiple single tissue pieces and all three detection methods, we confirmed homogeneity of infection in liver and spleen and the robustness of extrapolating whole organ burdens from a small single tissue piece. Comparison of pre - and post-treatment burdens in infected hamsters using the three detection methods consistently revealed a stronger parasite reduction in the spleen compared to the liver, indicating an organ - dependent clearance efficacy for miltefosine. In conclusion, this study in the hamster demonstrated high homogeneity of infection in liver and spleen and advocates the use of molecular detection methods for assessment of low (post-treatment) tissue burdens.
27412759	0	9	Molecular	T080	C1521991
27412759	10	19	detection	T061	C1511790
27412759	23	32	infection	T046	C3714514
27412759	33	44	homogeneity	T080	C1881065
27412759	49	55	impact	T080	C4049986
27412759	59	70	miltefosine	T109,T121	C0068006
27412759	71	80	treatment	T169	C1522326
27412759	86	107	Syrian golden hamster	T015	C0018561
27412759	117	136	Leishmania donovani	T204	C0023273
27412759	141	152	L. infantum	T204	C0023272
27412759	153	175	visceral leishmaniasis	T047	C0023290
27412759	176	183	Control	T169	C2587213
27412759	187	209	visceral leishmaniasis	T047	C0023290
27412759	220	239	Leishmania infantum	T204	C0023272
27412759	244	263	Leishmania donovani	T204	C0023273
27412759	284	296	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27412759	319	330	compromised	T033	C2945640
27412759	345	370	antileishmanial compounds	T121	C0304339
27412759	376	386	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27412759	390	395	novel	T080	C0205314
27412759	396	401	drugs	T121	C1254351
27412759	407	428	Syrian golden hamster	T015	C0018561
27412759	448	458	clinically	T080	C0205210
27412759	459	467	relevant	T080	C2347946
27412759	468	484	laboratory model	T170	C0086272
27412759	494	499	study	T062	C2603343
27412759	505	540	molecular parasite detection assays	T059	C1294355
27412759	556	565	targeting	T169	C1521840
27412759	566	600	cathepsin-like cysteine protease B	T116,T126	C0699919
27412759	602	605	CPB	T116,T126	C0699919
27412759	607	610	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27412759	619	623	rRNA	T114,T123	C0035701
27412759	635	643	absolute	T080	C0205344
27412759	644	654	amastigote	T204	C0686878
27412759	655	669	quantification	T081	C1709793
27412759	683	689	target	T169	C1521840
27412759	690	696	organs	T023	C0178784
27412759	697	702	liver	T023	C0023884
27412759	707	713	spleen	T023	C0037993
27412759	720	736	quantitative PCR	T063	C1709846
27412759	737	754	(qPCR) techniques	T063	C1709846
27412759	796	807	correlation	T080	C1707520
27412759	830	849	microscopic reading	T059	C0369671
27412759	853	867	Giemsa-stained	T059	C0523205
27412759	868	874	tissue	T024	C0040300
27412759	875	881	smears	T059	C1272593
27412759	889	897	multiple	T081	C0439064
27412759	898	904	single	T081	C0205171
27412759	905	918	tissue pieces	T024	C0040300
27412759	933	942	detection	T033	C0442726
27412759	943	950	methods	T170	C0025663
27412759	965	976	homogeneity	T080	C1881065
27412759	980	989	infection	T046	C3714514
27412759	993	998	liver	T023	C0023884
27412759	1003	1009	spleen	T023	C0037993
27412759	1018	1028	robustness	T080	C2986815
27412759	1046	1065	whole organ burdens	T081	C0005884
27412759	1073	1078	small	T081	C0700321
27412759	1079	1085	single	T081	C0205171
27412759	1086	1098	tissue piece	T024	C0040300
27412759	1100	1110	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27412759	1114	1117	pre	T079	C3539075
27412759	1124	1138	post-treatment	T079	C2709088
27412759	1139	1146	burdens	T078	C2828008
27412759	1150	1158	infected	T033	C0439663
27412759	1159	1167	hamsters	T015	C0018561
27412759	1184	1193	detection	T033	C0442726
27412759	1194	1201	methods	T170	C0025663
27412759	1215	1223	revealed	T080	C0443289
27412759	1235	1243	parasite	T204	C0030498
27412759	1244	1253	reduction	T080	C0392756
27412759	1261	1267	spleen	T023	C0037993
27412759	1268	1276	compared	T052	C1707455
27412759	1284	1289	liver	T023	C0023884
27412759	1305	1310	organ	T023	C0178784
27412759	1313	1322	dependent	T080	C0851827
27412759	1323	1332	clearance	T080	C0449297
27412759	1333	1341	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27412759	1346	1357	miltefosine	T109,T121	C0068006
27412759	1362	1372	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27412759	1379	1384	study	T062	C2603343
27412759	1392	1399	hamster	T015	C0018561
27412759	1413	1417	high	T080	C0205250
27412759	1418	1429	homogeneity	T080	C1881065
27412759	1433	1442	infection	T046	C3714514
27412759	1446	1451	liver	T023	C0023884
27412759	1456	1462	spleen	T023	C0037993
27412759	1488	1497	molecular	T080	C1521991
27412759	1498	1507	detection	T061	C1511790
27412759	1508	1515	methods	T170	C0025663
27412759	1520	1530	assessment	T058	C0220825
27412759	1534	1537	low	T080	C0205251
27412759	1539	1553	post-treatment	T079	C2709088
27412759	1555	1561	tissue	T024	C0040300
27412759	1562	1569	burdens	T078	C2828008

27413146|t|Abstract and Effector-Selective Decision Signals Exhibit Qualitatively Distinct Dynamics before Delayed Perceptual Reports
27413146|a|Electrophysiological research has isolated neural signatures of decision formation in a variety of brain regions. Studies in rodents and monkeys have focused primarily on effector-selective signals that translate the emerging decision into a specific motor plan, but, more recently, research on the human brain has identified an abstract signature of evidence accumulation that does not appear to play any direct role in action preparation. The functional dissociations between these distinct signal types have only begun to be characterized, and their dynamics during decisions with deferred actions with or without foreknowledge of stimulus-effector mapping, a commonly studied task scenario in single-unit and functional imaging investigations, have not been established. Here we traced the dynamics of distinct abstract and effector-selective decision signals in the form of the broad-band centro-parietal positivity (CPP) and limb-selective β-band (8-16 and 18-30 Hz) EEG activity, respectively, during delayed - reported motion direction decisions with and without foreknowledge of direction - response mapping. With foreknowledge, the CPP and β-band signals exhibited a similar gradual build-up following evidence onset, but whereas choice - predictive β-band activity persisted up until the delayed response, the CPP dropped toward baseline after peaking. Without foreknowledge, the CPP exhibited identical dynamics, whereas choice - selective β-band activity was eliminated. These findings highlight qualitative functional distinctions between effector-selective and abstract decision signals and are of relevance to the assumptions founding functional neuroimaging investigations of decision-making. Neural signatures of evidence accumulation have been isolated in numerous brain regions. Although animal neurophysiology has largely concentrated on effector-selective decision signals that translate the emerging decision into a specific motor plan, recent research on the human brain has isolated abstract neural signatures of decision formation that are independent of specific sensory and motor requirements. Here, we examine the functional distinctions between the two distinct classes of decision variable signal during decisions with deferred actions with and without foreknowledge of stimulus-effector mapping. We find salient distinctions in the dynamics of abstract versus effector-selective decision signals in the human brain, in terms of sustainment through response delays and contingency on foreknowledge of stimulus-response mapping.
27413146	0	8	Abstract	T041	C0459920
27413146	13	48	Effector-Selective Decision Signals	T032	C0871261
27413146	57	70	Qualitatively	T080	C0205556
27413146	71	79	Distinct	T080	C1705242
27413146	80	88	Dynamics	T070	C3826426
27413146	96	103	Delayed	T079	C0205421
27413146	104	114	Perceptual	T041	C0030971
27413146	115	122	Reports	T170	C0684224
27413146	123	152	Electrophysiological research	T060	C0850293
27413146	157	165	isolated	T169	C0205409
27413146	166	172	neural	T169	C3714606
27413146	173	183	signatures	T201	C0005516
27413146	187	205	decision formation	T041	C0011109
27413146	222	235	brain regions	T029	C1273723
27413146	237	244	Studies	T059	C0947630
27413146	248	255	rodents	T015	C0035804
27413146	260	267	monkeys	T015	C0026447
27413146	273	280	focused	T169	C1285542
27413146	281	290	primarily	T080	C0205225
27413146	294	320	effector-selective signals	T032	C0871261
27413146	326	335	translate	T169	C0439836
27413146	349	357	decision	T041	C0679006
27413146	374	384	motor plan	T169	C1513492
27413146	406	414	research	T062	C0035168
27413146	422	427	human	T016	C0086418
27413146	428	433	brain	T023	C0006104
27413146	438	448	identified	T080	C0205396
27413146	452	460	abstract	T041	C0459920
27413146	461	470	signature	T201	C0005516
27413146	474	482	evidence	T078	C3887511
27413146	483	495	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27413146	536	540	role	T077	C1705810
27413146	544	550	action	T052	C3266814
27413146	551	562	preparation	T052	C1521827
27413146	568	578	functional	T169	C0205245
27413146	579	592	dissociations	T044	C0301643
27413146	607	615	distinct	T080	C1705242
27413146	616	622	signal	T067	C1710082
27413146	651	664	characterized	T052	C1880022
27413146	676	684	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27413146	692	701	decisions	T041	C0679006
27413146	707	715	deferred	T079	C0205421
27413146	716	723	actions	T052	C3266814
27413146	740	753	foreknowledge	T041	C0679106
27413146	757	782	stimulus-effector mapping	T039	C0542478
27413146	795	802	studied	T062	C2603343
27413146	803	807	task	T057	C3540678
27413146	808	816	scenario	T169	C0683579
27413146	820	831	single-unit	T059	C1537057
27413146	836	854	functional imaging	T060	C1517324
27413146	855	869	investigations	T058	C0220825
27413146	885	896	established	T080	C0443211
27413146	906	912	traced	T033	C0442726
27413146	917	925	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27413146	929	937	distinct	T080	C1705242
27413146	938	946	abstract	T041	C0459920
27413146	951	986	effector-selective decision signals	T032	C0871261
27413146	1017	1043	centro-parietal positivity	T033	C0243095
27413146	1045	1048	CPP	T033	C0243095
27413146	1054	1075	limb-selective β-band	T033	C0243095
27413146	1096	1099	EEG	T060	C0013819
27413146	1100	1108	activity	T052	C0441655
27413146	1131	1138	delayed	T079	C0205421
27413146	1141	1149	reported	T058	C0700287
27413146	1150	1166	motion direction	T082	C0449745
27413146	1167	1176	decisions	T041	C0679006
27413146	1194	1207	foreknowledge	T041	C0679106
27413146	1211	1220	direction	T082	C0449738
27413146	1223	1231	response	T032	C0871261
27413146	1232	1239	mapping	T052	C1283195
27413146	1246	1259	foreknowledge	T041	C0679106
27413146	1265	1268	CPP	T033	C0243095
27413146	1273	1287	β-band signals	T067	C1710082
27413146	1308	1315	gradual	T080	C0439833
27413146	1335	1343	evidence	T078	C3887511
27413146	1344	1349	onset	T080	C0332162
27413146	1363	1369	choice	T052	C1707391
27413146	1372	1382	predictive	T080	C0681890
27413146	1383	1398	β-band activity	T052	C0441655
27413146	1399	1408	persisted	T078	C0549178
27413146	1422	1429	delayed	T079	C0205421
27413146	1430	1438	response	T032	C0871261
27413146	1444	1447	CPP	T033	C0243095
27413146	1448	1455	dropped	T080	C0392756
27413146	1463	1471	baseline	T081	C1442488
27413146	1478	1485	peaking	T080	C0444505
27413146	1495	1508	foreknowledge	T041	C0679106
27413146	1514	1517	CPP	T033	C0243095
27413146	1518	1527	exhibited	T170	C0015272
27413146	1528	1537	identical	T080	C0205280
27413146	1538	1546	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27413146	1556	1562	choice	T052	C1707391
27413146	1565	1590	selective β-band activity	T052	C0441655
27413146	1595	1605	eliminated	T080	C0849355
27413146	1613	1621	findings	T033	C0243095
27413146	1632	1643	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27413146	1644	1654	functional	T169	C0205245
27413146	1655	1667	distinctions	T080	C1705242
27413146	1676	1694	effector-selective	T032	C0871261
27413146	1699	1707	abstract	T041	C0459920
27413146	1708	1716	decision	T041	C0679006
27413146	1717	1724	signals	T067	C1710082
27413146	1736	1745	relevance	T080	C2347946
27413146	1753	1764	assumptions	T170	C3242379
27413146	1765	1773	founding	T033	C0243095
27413146	1774	1797	functional neuroimaging	T060,T062	C3178877
27413146	1798	1812	investigations	T058	C0220825
27413146	1816	1831	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27413146	1833	1839	Neural	T169	C3714606
27413146	1840	1850	signatures	T201	C0005516
27413146	1854	1862	evidence	T078	C3887511
27413146	1863	1875	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27413146	1886	1894	isolated	T169	C0205409
27413146	1907	1920	brain regions	T029	C1273723
27413146	1931	1937	animal	T008	C0003062
27413146	1938	1953	neurophysiology	T039	C0700630
27413146	1966	1978	concentrated	T052	C2003864
27413146	1982	2017	effector-selective decision signals	T032	C0871261
27413146	2023	2032	translate	T169	C0439836
27413146	2046	2054	decision	T041	C0679006
27413146	2071	2081	motor plan	T169	C1513492
27413146	2090	2098	research	T062	C0035168
27413146	2106	2111	human	T016	C0086418
27413146	2112	2117	brain	T023	C0006104
27413146	2122	2130	isolated	T169	C0205409
27413146	2131	2139	abstract	T041	C0459920
27413146	2140	2146	neural	T169	C3714606
27413146	2147	2157	signatures	T201	C0005516
27413146	2161	2179	decision formation	T041	C0011109
27413146	2189	2203	independent of	T169	C0332291
27413146	2204	2212	specific	T080	C0205369
27413146	2213	2220	sensory	T080	C0445254
27413146	2225	2230	motor	T169	C1513492
27413146	2254	2261	examine	T062	C0936012
27413146	2266	2276	functional	T169	C0205245
27413146	2277	2289	distinctions	T080	C1705242
27413146	2306	2314	distinct	T080	C1705242
27413146	2315	2322	classes	T170	C0456387
27413146	2326	2334	decision	T041	C0679006
27413146	2335	2343	variable	T080	C0439828
27413146	2344	2350	signal	T067	C1710082
27413146	2358	2367	decisions	T041	C0679006
27413146	2373	2381	deferred	T079	C0205421
27413146	2382	2389	actions	T052	C3266814
27413146	2407	2420	foreknowledge	T041	C0679106
27413146	2424	2449	stimulus-effector mapping	T039	C0542478
27413146	2459	2466	salient	T080	C1542147
27413146	2467	2479	distinctions	T080	C1705242
27413146	2487	2495	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27413146	2499	2507	abstract	T041	C0459920
27413146	2515	2550	effector-selective decision signals	T032	C0871261
27413146	2558	2563	human	T016	C0086418
27413146	2564	2569	brain	T023	C0006104
27413146	2583	2594	sustainment	T169	C0443318
27413146	2603	2611	response	T032	C0871261
27413146	2612	2618	delays	T079	C0205421
27413146	2623	2634	contingency	T080	C1701901
27413146	2638	2651	foreknowledge	T041	C0679106
27413146	2655	2680	stimulus-response mapping	T039	C0542478

27413283|t|Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in dogs of Palampur, Himachal Pradesh
27413283|a|A total of 246 faecal / scat samples of the dogs were screened by direct and floatation concentration technique to study the gastrointestinal (GI) tract parasitism in dogs of Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India. Detailed coprological examination targeting different seasons, age groups and living styles of the dogs revealed an overall 28.04 % of GI parasitism with highest prevalence in summer season (37.87 %). Stray dogs harbored 47.29 % GI parasites in comparison to 19.19 % of pet dogs. Highest prevalence of GI parasitism was observed in the pups, below 3 months of age (39.13 %), followed by the dogs with the age ranging from 3 months to 1 year (26.38 %) and lowest in dogs of the age ranging from 1 to 3 years (6.77 %). Amongst all the parasites, Toxocara canis (44.93 %) infection was highest, followed by Dipylidium caninum (17.39 %) and hookworms (15.94 %).
27413283	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
27413283	14	30	gastrointestinal	T029	C0809794
27413283	31	40	parasites	T204	C0030498
27413283	44	48	dogs	T015	C0012984
27413283	52	60	Palampur	T083	C0017446
27413283	62	78	Himachal Pradesh	T083	C0017446
27413283	94	100	faecal	T031	C0015733
27413283	103	115	scat samples	T031	C0504082
27413283	123	127	dogs	T015	C0012984
27413283	133	141	screened	T058	C1710032
27413283	145	151	direct	T080	C1947931
27413283	156	190	floatation concentration technique	T059	C0022885
27413283	204	231	gastrointestinal (GI) tract	T022	C0017189
27413283	222	224	GI	T022	C0017189
27413283	232	242	parasitism	T070	C0677482
27413283	246	250	dogs	T015	C0012984
27413283	254	262	Palampur	T083	C0017446
27413283	264	280	Himachal Pradesh	T083	C0017446
27413283	282	287	India	T083	C0021201
27413283	298	322	coprological examination	T059	C0022885
27413283	343	350	seasons	T079	C0036497
27413283	352	362	age groups	T100	C0596090
27413283	367	380	living styles	T080	C0337645
27413283	388	392	dogs	T015	C0012984
27413283	424	426	GI	T022	C0017189
27413283	427	437	parasitism	T070	C0677482
27413283	451	461	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27413283	465	471	summer	T079	C0241301
27413283	472	478	season	T079	C0036497
27413283	490	500	Stray dogs	T015	C0012984
27413283	518	520	GI	T022	C0017189
27413283	521	530	parasites	T204	C0030498
27413283	534	544	comparison	T052	C1707455
27413283	559	567	pet dogs	T015	C0012984
27413283	577	587	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27413283	591	593	GI	T022	C0017189
27413283	594	604	parasitism	T070	C0677482
27413283	625	629	pups	T015	C0012984
27413283	639	645	months	T079	C0439231
27413283	649	652	age	T032	C0001779
27413283	680	684	dogs	T015	C0012984
27413283	694	697	age	T032	C0001779
27413283	713	719	months	T079	C0439231
27413283	725	729	year	T079	C0439234
27413283	754	758	dogs	T015	C0012984
27413283	766	769	age	T032	C0001779
27413283	790	795	years	T079	C0439234
27413283	822	831	parasites	T204	C0030498
27413283	833	847	Toxocara canis	T204	C0040551
27413283	833	867	Toxocara canis (44.93 %) infection	T047	C0277154
27413283	893	911	Dipylidium caninum	T204	C0322217
27413283	926	935	hookworms	T204	C1265425

27413416|t|Developing Community - Level Policy and Practice to Reduce Traffic - Related Air Pollution Exposure
27413416|a|The literature consistently shows associations of adverse cardiovascular and pulmonary outcomes with residential proximity to highways and major roadways. Air monitoring shows that traffic - related pollutants (TRAP) are elevated within 200-400 m of these roads. Community - level tactics for reducing exposure include the following: 1) HEPA filtration; 2) Appropriate air-intake locations; 3) Sound proofing, insulation and other features; 4) Land-use buffers; 5) Vegetation or wall barriers; 6) Street-side trees, hedges and vegetation; 7) Decking over highways; 8) Urban design including placement of buildings; 9) Garden and park locations; and 10) Active travel locations, including bicycling and walking paths. A multidisciplinary design charrette was held to test the feasibility of incorporating these tactics into near - highway housing and school developments that were in the planning stages. The resulting designs successfully utilized many of the protective tactics and also led to engagement with the designers and developers of the sites. There is a need to increase awareness of TRAP in terms of building design and urban planning.
27413416	0	20	Developing Community	T054	C0009465
27413416	23	28	Level	T080	C0441889
27413416	29	35	Policy	T170	C0242456
27413416	40	48	Practice	T041	C0032893
27413416	52	58	Reduce	T080	C0392756
27413416	59	66	Traffic	T033	C3840880
27413416	69	76	Related	T080	C0439849
27413416	77	99	Air Pollution Exposure	T033	C1390374
27413416	104	114	literature	T170	C0023866
27413416	115	127	consistently	T078	C0332290
27413416	134	146	associations	T080	C0439849
27413416	150	157	adverse	T046	C0559546
27413416	158	172	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27413416	177	186	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27413416	187	195	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27413416	201	212	residential	T082	C0442506
27413416	213	222	proximity	T082	C1514583
27413416	226	234	highways	T082	C0840965
27413416	239	244	major	T080	C0205164
27413416	245	253	roadways	T073	C0442650
27413416	255	269	Air monitoring	T057	C0920383
27413416	281	288	traffic	T033	C3840880
27413416	291	298	related	T080	C0439849
27413416	299	309	pollutants	T131	C0001869
27413416	311	315	TRAP	T131	C0001869
27413416	321	329	elevated	T080	C3163633
27413416	356	361	roads	T073	C0442650
27413416	363	372	Community	T096	C0009462
27413416	375	380	level	T080	C0441889
27413416	381	388	tactics	T041	C0679199
27413416	393	401	reducing	T080	C0392756
27413416	402	410	exposure	T037	C0014412
27413416	411	418	include	T052	C2700399
27413416	437	452	HEPA filtration	T073	C0262772
27413416	457	468	Appropriate	T080	C1548787
27413416	469	479	air-intake	T067	C0042491
27413416	480	489	locations	T082	C0450429
27413416	494	499	Sound	T070	C0037709
27413416	500	508	proofing	T073	C0336735
27413416	510	520	insulation	T073	C1708520
27413416	531	539	features	T080	C2348519
27413416	544	552	Land-use	UnknownType	C0814835
27413416	553	560	buffers	T073	C0302611
27413416	565	575	Vegetation	T002	C0032098
27413416	579	583	wall	T073	C0677535
27413416	584	592	barriers	T073	C0004765
27413416	597	608	Street-side	UnknownType	C0814618
27413416	609	614	trees	T002	C0040811
27413416	616	622	hedges	T073	C0557676
27413416	627	637	vegetation	T002	C0032098
27413416	642	649	Decking	T073	C3273359
27413416	650	654	over	T082	C0205136
27413416	655	663	highways	T033	C3846703
27413416	668	680	Urban design	UnknownType	C0681267
27413416	691	700	placement	T080	C1524072
27413416	704	713	buildings	T073	C1999269
27413416	718	724	Garden	T080	C4019428
27413416	729	733	park	T073	C0562547
27413416	734	743	locations	T082	C0450429
27413416	753	759	Active	T169	C0205177
27413416	760	766	travel	T056	C0040802
27413416	767	776	locations	T082	C0450429
27413416	788	797	bicycling	T056	C0005377
27413416	802	809	walking	T056	C0080331
27413416	810	815	paths	T082	C1708639
27413416	819	836	multidisciplinary	T054	C0282116
27413416	837	853	design charrette	T052	C1707689
27413416	866	870	test	T169	C0039593
27413416	875	886	feasibility	T080	C0443348
27413416	890	903	incorporating	T169	C0243126
27413416	910	917	tactics	T041	C0679199
27413416	923	927	near	T080	C1706276
27413416	930	937	highway	T082	C0840965
27413416	938	945	housing	T073	C0020056
27413416	950	956	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27413416	957	969	developments	T169	C1527148
27413416	987	995	planning	T041	C0032074
27413416	996	1002	stages	T079	C1306673
27413416	1018	1025	designs	T052	C1707689
27413416	1026	1038	successfully	T080	C1272703
27413416	1039	1047	utilized	T169	C0457083
27413416	1060	1070	protective	T064	C0242228
27413416	1071	1078	tactics	T041	C0679199
27413416	1095	1105	engagement	T033	C2937292
27413416	1115	1139	designers and developers	T097	C0027363
27413416	1147	1152	sites	T082	C0205145
27413416	1173	1181	increase	T169	C0442805
27413416	1182	1191	awareness	T041	C0004448
27413416	1195	1199	TRAP	T131	C0001869
27413416	1212	1227	building design	T057	C0920686
27413416	1232	1246	urban planning	T064	C0087138

27414407|t|Learning Is Better with the Hands Free: The Role of Posture in the Memory of Manipulable Objects
27414407|a|Grounded cognition proposes that memory shares processing resources with sensorimotor systems. The aim of the present study was to show that motor simulation participates in the conceptual representation of manipulable objects in long-term memory. In two experiments, lists of manipulable and nonmanipulable objects were presented. Participants were instructed to memorize the items while adopting different postures. In the control condition, they had to keep their hands at rest in front of them. In the interference condition, participants had to keep their hands crossed behind their back to make their hands less free for action. After each list, participants had to perform first a distractive task, and then an oral free recall. The results showed that the interfering posture produced a specific decrease in the recall of manipulable objects, but not of nonmanipulable ones. This decrease was similar when the items were presented as pictures (Experiment 1) or as words (Experiment 2), thus excluding a purely visual effect. These results provide strong evidence that the motor simulation plays a role in the memory trace of the object.
27414407	0	8	Learning	T041	C0023185
27414407	12	18	Better	T080	C0332272
27414407	28	38	Hands Free	T169	C0332296
27414407	44	48	Role	T078	C0086939
27414407	52	59	Posture	T032	C1262869
27414407	67	73	Memory	T041	C0025260
27414407	77	96	Manipulable Objects	T072	C0347997
27414407	97	105	Grounded	T170	C1510611
27414407	106	115	cognition	T041	C0009240
27414407	116	124	proposes	T080	C1553874
27414407	130	136	memory	T041	C0025260
27414407	144	154	processing	T052	C1709694
27414407	155	164	resources	T078	C0035201
27414407	170	190	sensorimotor systems	T022	C0599408
27414407	196	199	aim	T078	C1947946
27414407	215	220	study	T062	C2603343
27414407	238	243	motor	T023	C0231502
27414407	244	254	simulation	T062	C0679083
27414407	255	267	participates	T169	C0679823
27414407	275	300	conceptual representation	T041	C0237661
27414407	304	323	manipulable objects	T072	C0347997
27414407	327	343	long-term memory	T041	C0423909
27414407	352	363	experiments	T062	C0681814
27414407	365	370	lists	T170	C0745732
27414407	374	385	manipulable	T072	C0347997
27414407	390	412	nonmanipulable objects	T072	C0347997
27414407	418	427	presented	T078	C0449450
27414407	429	441	Participants	T098	C0679646
27414407	447	457	instructed	T170	C1442085
27414407	474	479	items	T072	C0347997
27414407	495	504	different	T080	C1705242
27414407	505	513	postures	T032	C1262869
27414407	522	539	control condition	T080	C0243148
27414407	564	569	hands	T023	C0018563
27414407	573	577	rest	T056	C0035253
27414407	603	625	interference condition	T041	C0679066
27414407	627	639	participants	T098	C0679646
27414407	658	663	hands	T023	C0018563
27414407	664	671	crossed	T082	C0205203
27414407	685	689	back	T029	C0004600
27414407	704	709	hands	T023	C0018563
27414407	715	719	free	T169	C0332296
27414407	724	730	action	T052	C3266814
27414407	743	747	list	T170	C0745732
27414407	749	761	participants	T098	C0679646
27414407	769	776	perform	T169	C0884358
27414407	785	801	distractive task	T056	C0034872
27414407	815	819	oral	T082	C0442027
27414407	820	824	free	T169	C0332296
27414407	825	831	recall	T041	C0034770
27414407	837	844	results	T169	C1274040
27414407	861	872	interfering	T169	C0521102
27414407	873	880	posture	T032	C1262869
27414407	892	909	specific decrease	T081	C0547047
27414407	917	923	recall	T041	C0034770
27414407	927	946	manipulable objects	T072	C0347997
27414407	959	978	nonmanipulable ones	T072	C0347997
27414407	985	993	decrease	T081	C0547047
27414407	998	1005	similar	T080	C2348205
27414407	1015	1020	items	T072	C0347997
27414407	1026	1035	presented	T078	C0449450
27414407	1039	1047	pictures	T073	C0441469
27414407	1049	1059	Experiment	T062	C0681814
27414407	1069	1074	words	T170	C0042926
27414407	1076	1086	Experiment	T062	C0681814
27414407	1096	1105	excluding	T169	C0332196
27414407	1115	1121	visual	T169	C0234621
27414407	1122	1128	effect	T080	C1280500
27414407	1136	1143	results	T169	C1274040
27414407	1159	1167	evidence	T078	C3887511
27414407	1177	1182	motor	T023	C0231502
27414407	1183	1193	simulation	T062	C0679083
27414407	1202	1206	role	T078	C0086939
27414407	1214	1226	memory trace	T041	C0870873
27414407	1234	1240	object	T072	C0347997

27415391|t|Approximate Bayesian computation for estimating number concentrations of monodisperse nanoparticles in suspension by optical microscopy
27415391|a|We present an approximate Bayesian computation scheme for estimating number concentrations of monodisperse diffusing nanoparticles in suspension by optical particle tracking microscopy. The method is based on the probability distribution of the time spent by a particle inside a detection region. We validate the method on suspensions of well-controlled reference particles. We illustrate its usefulness with an application in gene therapy, applying the method to estimate number concentrations of plasmid DNA molecules and the average number of DNA molecules complexed with liposomal drug delivery particles.
27415391	0	11	Approximate	T080	C0332232
27415391	12	32	Bayesian computation	T081	C1553908
27415391	37	47	estimating	T081	C0750572
27415391	48	69	number concentrations	T081	C1446561
27415391	73	85	monodisperse	T080	C0205556
27415391	86	99	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27415391	103	113	suspension	T167	C1382107
27415391	117	135	optical microscopy	T059	C0026018
27415391	139	146	present	T078	C0449450
27415391	150	161	approximate	T080	C0332232
27415391	162	182	Bayesian computation	T081	C1553908
27415391	183	189	scheme	T170	C1519193
27415391	194	204	estimating	T081	C0750572
27415391	205	226	number concentrations	T081	C1446561
27415391	230	242	monodisperse	T080	C0205556
27415391	243	252	diffusing	T070	C0012222
27415391	253	266	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27415391	270	280	suspension	T167	C1382107
27415391	284	320	optical particle tracking microscopy	T059	C0026018
27415391	326	332	method	T169	C0449851
27415391	336	341	based	T078	C1705938
27415391	349	373	probability distribution	T081	C3826440
27415391	381	385	time	T079	C0040223
27415391	386	391	spent	T081	C0680968
27415391	397	405	particle	T104	C0597177
27415391	406	412	inside	T082	C0205102
27415391	415	424	detection	T061	C1511790
27415391	425	431	region	T082	C0205147
27415391	449	455	method	T169	C0449851
27415391	459	470	suspensions	T167	C1382107
27415391	474	489	well-controlled	T169	C3853142
27415391	490	499	reference	T077	C1706462
27415391	500	509	particles	T104	C0597177
27415391	529	539	usefulness	T080	C3827682
27415391	548	559	application	T169	C4048755
27415391	563	575	gene therapy	T061	C0017296
27415391	577	585	applying	T169	C4048755
27415391	590	596	method	T169	C0449851
27415391	600	608	estimate	T081	C0750572
27415391	609	630	number concentrations	T081	C1446561
27415391	634	641	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27415391	642	655	DNA molecules	T114,T123	C0012854
27415391	664	678	average number	T081	C1510992
27415391	682	695	DNA molecules	T114,T123	C0012854
27415391	696	705	complexed	T104	C1704241
27415391	711	720	liposomal	T109	C0023828
27415391	721	734	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
27415391	735	744	particles	T104	C0597177

27415757|t|Developing and Field Testing a Community Based Youth Initiative to Increase Tuberculosis Awareness in Remote Arctic Inuit Communities
27415757|a|Inuit in Canada have the highest reported tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate in Canada, even higher than other Canadian Indigenous groups. The aim of this study was to increase TB awareness among Inuit youth and their communities by equipping those who can best reach this population with a community based, youth focused, education initiative built on interventions adapted from a previous TB awareness study. The Taima TB Youth Education Initiative was a field test case study of a knowledge translation (KT) strategy aimed at community members who provide health education in these communities. In the first stage of this study, interventions from a larger TB awareness campaign were adapted to focus on youth living in remote Inuit communities. During the second stage of the study, investigators field tested the initiative in two isolated Inuit communities. It was then applied by local implementation teams in two other communities. Evaluation criteria included feasibility, acceptability, knowledge uptake and health behavior change. Implementation of the adapted KT interventions resulted in participation of a total of 41 youth (19 females, 22 males) with an average age of 16 years (range 12-21 years) in four different communities in Nunavut. Community celebration events were attended by 271 community members where TB messaging were presented and discussed. All of the health care workers and community members surveyed reported that the adapted interventions were acceptable and a useful way of learning to some extent. Knowledge uptake measures indicated an average TB knowledge score of 64 out of 100. Local partners in all four communities indicated that they would use the Taima TB Youth Education Initiative again to raise awareness about TB among youth in their communities. The TB awareness interventions adapted for the Taima TB Youth Education Initiative were acceptable to the Inuit communities involved in the study. They resulted in uptake of knowledge among participants. Implementation by local implementation teams was feasible as evidenced by the participation and attendance of youth and community members in all communities. The ability to implement the interventions by local implementation teams indicates there is potential to scale up in other remote communities in the arctic setting.
27415757	15	28	Field Testing	T169	C0039593
27415757	31	46	Community Based	T058	C0009485
27415757	47	63	Youth Initiative	T065	C2106348
27415757	67	75	Increase	T169	C0442805
27415757	76	88	Tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27415757	89	98	Awareness	T041	C0004448
27415757	102	108	Remote	T082	C0205157
27415757	109	115	Arctic	T083	C0003740
27415757	116	133	Inuit Communities	T098	C0086484
27415757	134	139	Inuit	T098	C0086484
27415757	143	149	Canada	T083	C0006823
27415757	167	175	reported	T058	C0700287
27415757	176	188	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27415757	190	192	TB	T047	C0041296
27415757	194	208	incidence rate	T081	C1708485
27415757	212	218	Canada	T083	C0006823
27415757	243	269	Canadian Indigenous groups	T098	C1257890
27415757	287	292	study	T062	C2603343
27415757	300	308	increase	T169	C0442805
27415757	309	311	TB	T047	C0041296
27415757	312	321	awareness	T041	C0004448
27415757	328	339	Inuit youth	T098	C0086484
27415757	350	361	communities	T096	C0009462
27415757	405	415	population	T081	C0032659
27415757	423	432	community	T096	C0009462
27415757	440	445	youth	T100	C0087178
27415757	446	453	focused	T169	C1285542
27415757	455	475	education initiative	T065	C2106348
27415757	485	498	interventions	T058	C1273869
27415757	523	525	TB	T047	C0041296
27415757	526	535	awareness	T041	C0004448
27415757	536	541	study	T062	C2603343
27415757	547	582	Taima TB Youth Education Initiative	T062	C0242481
27415757	589	599	field test	T170	C0392366
27415757	600	610	case study	T170	C0085973
27415757	616	637	knowledge translation	T062	C3494164
27415757	639	641	KT	T062	C3494164
27415757	661	678	community members	T096	C0009462
27415757	691	707	health education	T065	C0018701
27415757	717	728	communities	T096	C0009462
27415757	757	762	study	T062	C2603343
27415757	764	777	interventions	T058	C1273869
27415757	792	794	TB	T047	C0041296
27415757	795	813	awareness campaign	T058	C0205787
27415757	839	844	youth	T100	C0087178
27415757	855	861	remote	T082	C0205157
27415757	862	879	Inuit communities	T098	C0086484
27415757	912	917	study	T062	C2603343
27415757	919	932	investigators	T097	C0035173
27415757	933	945	field tested	T170	C0392366
27415757	950	960	initiative	T033	C1287154
27415757	968	976	isolated	T169	C0205409
27415757	977	994	Inuit communities	T098	C0086484
27415757	1019	1045	local implementation teams	T078	C0441833
27415757	1059	1070	communities	T096	C0009462
27415757	1072	1091	Evaluation criteria	T170	C0935549
27415757	1101	1112	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27415757	1114	1127	acceptability	T080	C0814633
27415757	1129	1145	knowledge uptake	T033	C0243095
27415757	1150	1165	health behavior	T055	C0018687
27415757	1174	1188	Implementation	T052	C1708476
27415757	1204	1206	KT	T062	C3494164
27415757	1207	1220	interventions	T058	C1273869
27415757	1233	1246	participation	T169	C0679823
27415757	1264	1269	youth	T100	C0087178
27415757	1301	1308	average	T081	C1510992
27415757	1309	1312	age	T032	C0001779
27415757	1363	1374	communities	T096	C0009462
27415757	1378	1385	Nunavut	T083	C0752343
27415757	1387	1396	Community	T096	C0009462
27415757	1397	1415	celebration events	T051	C0441471
27415757	1421	1429	attended	T169	C1456498
27415757	1437	1454	community members	T096	C0009462
27415757	1461	1463	TB	T047	C0041296
27415757	1479	1488	presented	T078	C0449450
27415757	1515	1534	health care workers	UnknownType	C0682221
27415757	1539	1565	community members surveyed	T062	C0009483
27415757	1566	1574	reported	T058	C0700287
27415757	1592	1605	interventions	T058	C1273869
27415757	1611	1621	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27415757	1635	1650	way of learning	T041	C0023185
27415757	1667	1683	Knowledge uptake	T033	C0243095
27415757	1693	1702	indicated	T033	C1444656
27415757	1706	1713	average	T081	C1510992
27415757	1714	1716	TB	T047	C0041296
27415757	1717	1732	knowledge score	T033	C0243095
27415757	1751	1765	Local partners	T099	C0682323
27415757	1778	1789	communities	T096	C0009462
27415757	1790	1799	indicated	T033	C1444656
27415757	1824	1859	Taima TB Youth Education Initiative	T062	C0242481
27415757	1875	1884	awareness	T041	C0004448
27415757	1891	1893	TB	T047	C0041296
27415757	1900	1905	youth	T100	C0087178
27415757	1915	1926	communities	T096	C0009462
27415757	1932	1934	TB	T047	C0041296
27415757	1935	1944	awareness	T041	C0004448
27415757	1945	1958	interventions	T058	C1273869
27415757	1975	2010	Taima TB Youth Education Initiative	T062	C0242481
27415757	2016	2026	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27415757	2034	2051	Inuit communities	T098	C0086484
27415757	2068	2073	study	T062	C2603343
27415757	2092	2111	uptake of knowledge	T033	C0243095
27415757	2118	2130	participants	T098	C0679646
27415757	2132	2146	Implementation	T052	C1708476
27415757	2150	2176	local implementation teams	T078	C0441833
27415757	2210	2223	participation	T169	C0679823
27415757	2228	2238	attendance	T052	C2827364
27415757	2242	2247	youth	T100	C0087178
27415757	2252	2269	community members	T096	C0009462
27415757	2277	2288	communities	T096	C0009462
27415757	2305	2314	implement	T052	C1708476
27415757	2319	2332	interventions	T058	C1273869
27415757	2336	2362	local implementation teams	T078	C0441833
27415757	2363	2372	indicates	T033	C1444656
27415757	2382	2391	potential	T080	C3245505
27415757	2413	2419	remote	T082	C0205157
27415757	2420	2431	communities	T096	C0009462
27415757	2439	2454	arctic setting.	T083	C0003740

27416524|t|An efficient approach to identify different chemical markers between fibrous root and rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry with multivariate statistical analysis
27416524|a|An ultra high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry approach coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was established and applied to rapidly distinguish the chemical differences between fibrous root and rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. The datasets of tR-m/z pairs, ion intensity and sample code were processed by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. Chemical markers could be identified based on their exact mass data, fragmentation characteristics, and retention times. And the new compounds among chemical markers could be isolated rapidly guided by the ultra high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and their definitive structures would be further elucidated by NMR spectra. Using this approach, twenty-four markers were identified on line including nine new saponins and five new steroidal saponins of them were obtained in pure form. The study validated this proposed approach as a suitable method for identification of the chemical differences between various medicinal parts in order to expand medicinal parts and increase the utilization rate of resources.
27416524	3	12	efficient	T080	C0442799
27416524	25	33	identify	T080	C0205396
27416524	44	60	chemical markers	T120	C1254355
27416524	69	81	fibrous root	T002	C0242726
27416524	86	93	rhizome	T002	C0949790
27416524	97	122	Anemarrhena asphodeloides	T002	C1021267
27416524	126	221	ultra high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4053724
27416524	227	260	multivariate statistical analysis	T081	C0026777
27416524	264	359	ultra high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4053724
27416524	382	415	multivariate statistical analysis	T081	C0026777
27416524	471	491	chemical differences	T080	C1705242
27416524	500	512	fibrous root	T002	C0242726
27416524	517	524	rhizome	T002	C0949790
27416524	528	553	Anemarrhena asphodeloides	T002	C1021267
27416524	559	567	datasets	T170	C0150098
27416524	585	588	ion	T196	C0022023
27416524	620	629	processed	T067	C1522240
27416524	633	661	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
27416524	666	720	orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis	T062	C0012630
27416524	722	738	Chemical markers	T120	C1254355
27416524	748	758	identified	T080	C0205396
27416524	780	789	mass data	T080	C0205556
27416524	791	820	fragmentation characteristics	T080	C0205556
27416524	826	841	retention times	T080	C0205556
27416524	871	887	chemical markers	T120	C1254355
27416524	897	905	isolated	T169	C0205409
27416524	928	1023	ultra high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4053724
27416524	1045	1055	structures	T082	C0678594
27416524	1087	1098	NMR spectra	T060	C0877853
27416524	1133	1140	markers	T120	C1254355
27416524	1146	1156	identified	T080	C0205396
27416524	1184	1192	saponins	T109	C0036189
27416524	1206	1224	steroidal saponins	T109	C0036189
27416524	1265	1270	study	T062	C2603343
27416524	1286	1294	proposed	T080	C1553874
27416524	1318	1324	method	T059	C0871511
27416524	1329	1343	identification	T080	C0205396
27416524	1351	1371	chemical differences	T080	C1705242
27416524	1388	1403	medicinal parts	T002	C0032098
27416524	1423	1438	medicinal parts	T002	C0032098
27416524	1476	1485	resources	T078	C0027492

27417076|t|Gestational age specific stillbirth risk among Indigenous and non - Indigenous women in Queensland, Australia: a population based study
27417076|a|In Australia, significant disparity persists in stillbirth rates between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous Australian) and non - Indigenous women. Diabetes, hypertension, antepartum haemorrhage and small-for-gestational age (SGA) have been identified as important contributors to higher rates among Indigenous women. The objective of this study was to examine gestational age specific risk of stillbirth associated with these conditions among Indigenous and non - Indigenous women. Retrospective population-based study of all singleton births of at least 20 weeks gestation or at least 400 grams birthweight in Queensland between July 2005 and December 2011 using data from the Queensland Perinatal Data Collection, which is a routinely-maintained database that collects data on all births in Queensland. Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95 % confidence intervals, adjusting for maternal demographic and pregnancy factors. Of 360987 births analysed, 20273 (5.6 %) were to Indigenous women and 340714 (94.4 %) were to non - Indigenous women. Stillbirth rates were 7.9 (95 % CI 6.8-9.2) and 4.1 (95 % CI 3.9-4.3) per 1000 births, respectively. For both Indigenous and non - Indigenous women across most gestational age groups, antepartum haemorrhage, SGA, pre-existing diabetes and pre-existing hypertension were associated with increased risk of stillbirth. There were mixed results for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and a consistently raised risk of stillbirth was not seen for gestational diabetes. This study highlights gestational age specific stillbirth risk for Indigenous and non - Indigenous women; and disparity in risk at term gestations. Improving access to and utilisation of appropriate and responsive healthcare may help to address disparities in stillbirth risk for Indigenous women.
27417076	0	15	Gestational age	T032	C0017504
27417076	25	35	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
27417076	36	40	risk	T078	C0035647
27417076	47	57	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	62	65	non	T169	C1518422
27417076	68	78	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	79	84	women	T098	C0043210
27417076	88	98	Queensland	T083	C0034391
27417076	100	109	Australia	T083	C0004340
27417076	113	135	population based study	T062	C1709599
27417076	139	148	Australia	T083	C0004340
27417076	184	194	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
27417076	195	200	rates	T081	C1521828
27417076	209	219	Aboriginal	T098	C0935542
27417076	224	246	Torres Strait Islander	T098	C1257890
27417076	248	269	Indigenous Australian	T098	C3826690
27417076	275	278	non	T169	C1518422
27417076	281	291	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	292	297	women	T098	C0043210
27417076	299	307	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
27417076	309	321	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27417076	323	345	antepartum haemorrhage	T046	C0269608
27417076	350	375	small-for-gestational age	T046	C0235991
27417076	377	380	SGA	T046	C0235991
27417076	392	402	identified	T080	C0205396
27417076	406	415	important	T080	C3898777
27417076	439	444	rates	T081	C1521828
27417076	451	461	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	462	467	women	T098	C0043210
27417076	491	496	study	T062	C2603343
27417076	512	527	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27417076	537	541	risk	T078	C0035647
27417076	545	555	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
27417076	556	571	associated with	T080	C0332281
27417076	578	588	conditions	T080	C0348080
27417076	595	605	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	610	613	non	T169	C1518422
27417076	616	626	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	627	632	women	T098	C0043210
27417076	634	647	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
27417076	648	670	population-based study	T062	C1709599
27417076	678	687	singleton	T099	C1313913
27417076	688	694	births	T081	C0005608
27417076	710	715	weeks	T079	C0439230
27417076	716	725	gestation	T040	C0032961
27417076	742	747	grams	T081	C0439208
27417076	748	759	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27417076	763	773	Queensland	T083	C0034391
27417076	782	786	July	T080	C3829447
27417076	796	804	December	T080	C3830550
27417076	816	820	data	T078	C1511726
27417076	830	840	Queensland	T083	C0034391
27417076	841	850	Perinatal	T079	C0178795
27417076	851	866	Data Collection	T062	C0010995
27417076	879	908	routinely-maintained database	T170	C0242356
27417076	923	927	data	T078	C1511726
27417076	935	941	births	T081	C0005608
27417076	945	955	Queensland	T083	C0034391
27417076	957	989	Multivariate logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27417076	1012	1032	adjusted odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27417076	1034	1037	aOR	T081	C0028873
27417076	1048	1068	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27417076	1084	1092	maternal	T033	C1858460
27417076	1093	1104	demographic	T078	C0011292
27417076	1109	1126	pregnancy factors	T033	C3533185
27417076	1138	1144	births	T081	C0005608
27417076	1145	1153	analysed	T062	C0936012
27417076	1177	1187	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	1188	1193	women	T098	C0043210
27417076	1222	1225	non	T169	C1518422
27417076	1228	1238	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	1239	1244	women	T098	C0043210
27417076	1246	1256	Stillbirth	T033	C0595939
27417076	1257	1262	rates	T081	C1521828
27417076	1278	1280	CI	T081	C0009667
27417076	1304	1306	CI	T081	C0009667
27417076	1325	1331	births	T081	C0005608
27417076	1356	1366	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	1371	1374	non	T169	C1518422
27417076	1377	1387	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	1388	1393	women	T098	C0043210
27417076	1406	1417	gestational	T079	C0439671
27417076	1418	1428	age groups	T100	C0027362
27417076	1430	1452	antepartum haemorrhage	T046	C0269608
27417076	1454	1457	SGA	T046	C0235991
27417076	1459	1480	pre-existing diabetes	T033	C2114054
27417076	1485	1510	pre-existing hypertension	T033	C2114056
27417076	1516	1531	associated with	T080	C0332281
27417076	1532	1541	increased	T081	C0205217
27417076	1542	1546	risk	T078	C0035647
27417076	1550	1560	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
27417076	1591	1604	pre-eclampsia	T046	C0032914
27417076	1609	1618	eclampsia	T047	C0013537
27417076	1645	1649	risk	T078	C0035647
27417076	1653	1663	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
27417076	1681	1701	gestational diabetes	T047	C0085207
27417076	1708	1713	study	T062	C2603343
27417076	1725	1740	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27417076	1750	1760	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
27417076	1761	1765	risk	T078	C0035647
27417076	1770	1780	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	1785	1788	non	T169	C1518422
27417076	1791	1801	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	1802	1807	women	T098	C0043210
27417076	1826	1830	risk	T078	C0035647
27417076	1834	1849	term gestations	T040	C0032961
27417076	1890	1901	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27417076	1906	1916	responsive	T169	C0205342
27417076	1917	1927	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27417076	1963	1973	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
27417076	1974	1978	risk	T078	C0035647
27417076	1983	1993	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
27417076	1994	1999	women	T098	C0043210

27417211|t|Defining, Describing, and Categorizing Public Health Infrastructure Priorities for Tropical Cyclone, Flood, Storm, Tornado, and Tsunami-Related Disasters
27417211|a|The study aim was to undertake a qualitative research literature review to analyze available databases to define, describe, and categorize public health infrastructure (PHI) priorities for tropical cyclone, flood, storm, tornado, and tsunami-related disasters. Five electronic publication databases were searched to define, describe, or categorize PHI and discuss tropical cyclone, flood, storm, tornado, and tsunami-related disasters and their impact on PHI. The data were analyzed through aggregation of individual articles to create an overall data description. The data were grouped into PHI themes, which were then prioritized on the basis of degree of interdependency. Sixty-seven relevant articles were identified. PHI was categorized into 13 themes with a total of 158 descriptors. The highest priority PHI identified was workforce. This was followed by water, sanitation, equipment, communication, physical structure, power, governance, prevention, supplies, service, transport, and surveillance. This review identified workforce as the most important of the 13 thematic areas related to PHI and disasters. If its functionality fails, workforce has the greatest impact on the performance of health services. If addressed post-disaster, the remaining forms of PHI will then be progressively addressed. These findings are a step toward providing an evidence base to inform PHI priorities in the disaster setting. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:598-610).
27417211	0	8	Defining	T058	C0509805
27417211	10	20	Describing	T170	C0678257
27417211	26	38	Categorizing	T052	C0871968
27417211	39	67	Public Health Infrastructure	T058	C0699943
27417211	68	78	Priorities	T079	C0439607
27417211	83	99	Tropical Cyclone	T070	C0337000
27417211	101	106	Flood	T070	C0016248
27417211	108	113	Storm	T070	C1254365
27417211	115	122	Tornado	T070	C0040476
27417211	128	153	Tsunami-Related Disasters	T070	C0027485
27417211	158	163	study	T062	C2603343
27417211	208	225	literature review	T170	C0282441
27417211	247	256	databases	T170	C0242356
27417211	260	266	define	T058	C0509805
27417211	268	276	describe	T170	C0678257
27417211	282	292	categorize	T052	C0871968
27417211	293	321	public health infrastructure	T058	C0699943
27417211	323	326	PHI	T058	C0699943
27417211	328	338	priorities	T079	C0439607
27417211	343	359	tropical cyclone	T070	C0337000
27417211	361	366	flood	T070	C0016248
27417211	368	373	storm	T070	C1254365
27417211	375	382	tornado	T070	C0040476
27417211	388	413	tsunami-related disasters	T070	C0027485
27417211	431	452	publication databases	T170	C0993637
27417211	470	476	define	T058	C0509805
27417211	478	486	describe	T170	C0678257
27417211	491	501	categorize	T052	C0871968
27417211	502	505	PHI	T058	C0699943
27417211	510	517	discuss	T054	C2584313
27417211	518	534	tropical cyclone	T070	C0337000
27417211	536	541	flood	T070	C0016248
27417211	543	548	storm	T070	C1254365
27417211	550	557	tornado	T070	C0040476
27417211	563	588	tsunami-related disasters	T070	C0027485
27417211	599	605	impact	T080	C4049986
27417211	609	612	PHI	T058	C0699943
27417211	618	622	data	T078	C1511726
27417211	645	656	aggregation	T169	C0332621
27417211	671	679	articles	T170	C1706852
27417211	723	727	data	T078	C1511726
27417211	733	740	grouped	T169	C1522242
27417211	746	749	PHI	T058	C0699943
27417211	750	756	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27417211	774	785	prioritized	T079	C0439607
27417211	850	858	articles	T170	C1706852
27417211	876	879	PHI	T058	C0699943
27417211	884	895	categorized	T052	C0871968
27417211	904	910	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27417211	931	942	descriptors	T170	C0282354
27417211	956	964	priority	T079	C0439607
27417211	965	968	PHI	T058	C0699943
27417211	984	993	workforce	T169	C0024752
27417211	1016	1021	water	T167	C0599638
27417211	1023	1033	sanitation	T090	C0036172
27417211	1035	1044	equipment	T073	C0014672
27417211	1046	1059	communication	T054	C0009452
27417211	1061	1079	physical structure	T073	C0556997
27417211	1081	1086	power	T073	C0032865
27417211	1088	1098	governance	T089	C0220842
27417211	1100	1110	prevention	T080	C2700409
27417211	1112	1120	supplies	T169	C1561604
27417211	1122	1129	service	T057	C0557854
27417211	1131	1140	transport	T073	C1317949
27417211	1146	1158	surveillance	T169	C0220920
27417211	1165	1171	review	T170	C0282443
27417211	1183	1192	workforce	T169	C0024752
27417211	1225	1239	thematic areas	UnknownType	C0869035
27417211	1251	1254	PHI	T058	C0699943
27417211	1259	1268	disasters	T070	C0027485
27417211	1298	1307	workforce	T169	C0024752
27417211	1354	1369	health services	T058	C0018747
27417211	1384	1397	post-disaster	T079	C1254367
27417211	1422	1425	PHI	T058	C0699943
27417211	1534	1537	PHI	T058	C0699943
27417211	1538	1548	priorities	T079	C0439607
27417211	1556	1564	disaster	T070	C0027485

27417537|t|Baby FaceTime: can toddlers learn from online video chat?
27417537|a|There is abundant evidence for the ' video deficit ': children under 2 years old learn better in person than from video. We evaluated whether these findings applied to video chat by testing whether children aged 12-25 months could form relationships with and learn from on-screen partners. We manipulated social contingency: children experienced either real-time FaceTime conversations or pre-recorded Videos as the partner taught novel words, actions and patterns. Children were attentive and responsive in both conditions, but only children in the FaceTime group responded to the partner in a temporally synced manner. After one week, children in the FaceTime condition (but not the Video condition) preferred and recognized their Partner, learned more novel patterns, and the oldest children learned more novel words. Results extend previous studies to demonstrate that children under 2 years show social and cognitive learning from video chat because it retains social contingency. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/rTXaAYd5adA.
27417537	0	13	Baby FaceTime	T170	C3658280
27417537	19	27	toddlers	T100	C0682053
27417537	28	33	learn	T041	C0233832
27417537	39	51	online video	T170	C2718062
27417537	52	56	chat	T054	C0871703
27417537	76	84	evidence	T078	C3887511
27417537	95	100	video	T170	C3463807
27417537	101	108	deficit	T080	C2987487
27417537	112	120	children	T100	C0008059
27417537	121	134	under 2 years	T033	C3843496
27417537	139	151	learn better	T041	C0233832
27417537	172	177	video	T170	C3463807
27417537	206	214	findings	T033	C0243095
27417537	226	231	video	T170	C2718062
27417537	232	236	chat	T054	C0871703
27417537	256	264	children	T100	C0008059
27417537	276	282	months	T079	C0439231
27417537	294	307	relationships	T080	C0439849
27417537	317	322	learn	T041	C0233832
27417537	363	369	social	T169	C0728831
27417537	370	381	contingency	T080	C1701901
27417537	383	391	children	T100	C0008059
27417537	411	429	real-time FaceTime	T170	C3658280
27417537	430	443	conversations	T054	C0871703
27417537	447	466	pre-recorded Videos	T073	C0004282
27417537	489	494	novel	T080	C0205314
27417537	495	500	words	T170	C0042926
27417537	502	509	actions	T052	C3266814
27417537	514	522	patterns	T082	C0449774
27417537	524	532	Children	T100	C0008059
27417537	538	547	attentive	T041	C0004268
27417537	552	562	responsive	T169	C0205342
27417537	592	600	children	T100	C0008059
27417537	608	622	FaceTime group	UnknownType	C0681860
27417537	653	677	temporally synced manner	T169	C1285547
27417537	685	693	one week	T079	C4082116
27417537	695	703	children	T100	C0008059
27417537	711	719	FaceTime	T170	C3658280
27417537	760	769	preferred	T078	C0558295
27417537	774	784	recognized	T041	C0524637
27417537	800	807	learned	T033	C4061470
27417537	813	818	novel	T080	C0205314
27417537	819	827	patterns	T082	C0449774
27417537	844	852	children	T100	C0008059
27417537	853	860	learned	T033	C4061470
27417537	866	871	novel	T080	C0205314
27417537	872	877	words	T170	C0042926
27417537	879	886	Results	T169	C1274040
27417537	903	910	studies	T062	C2603343
27417537	931	939	children	T100	C0008059
27417537	948	953	years	T079	C1510829
27417537	959	965	social	T041	C0679082
27417537	970	988	cognitive learning	T041	C0683267
27417537	994	999	video	T170	C2718062
27417537	1000	1004	chat	T054	C0871703
27417537	1024	1030	social	T169	C0728831
27417537	1031	1042	contingency	T080	C1701901

27418256|t|Fragment -Based Discovery of 5-Arylisatin -Based Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 13
27418256|a|Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are well-established targets for several pathologies. In particular, MMP-2 and MMP-13 play a prominent role in cancer progression. In this study, a structure-based screening campaign was applied to prioritize metalloproteinase -oriented fragments. This computational model was applied to a representative fragment set from the publically available EDASA Scientific compound library. These fragments were prioritized, and the top-ranking hits were tested in a biological assay to validate the model. Two scaffolds showed consistent activity in the assay, and the isatin-based compounds were the most interesting. These latter fragments have significant potential as tools for the design and realization of novel MMP inhibitors. In addition to their micromolar activity, the chemical synthesis affords flexible and creative access to their analogues.
27418256	0	8	Fragment	T116,T130	C1335533
27418256	16	25	Discovery	T052	C1880355
27418256	29	41	5-Arylisatin	T109,T121,T130	C0022115
27418256	49	59	Inhibitors	T121	C1513016
27418256	63	90	Matrix Metalloproteinases 2	T116,T126	C0172537
27418256	95	97	13	T116,T126	C0255672
27418256	98	123	Matrix metalloproteinases	T116,T126	C0623362
27418256	125	129	MMPs	T116,T126	C0623362
27418256	172	183	pathologies	T046	C0699748
27418256	200	205	MMP-2	T116,T126	C0172537
27418256	210	216	MMP-13	T116,T126	C0255672
27418256	242	260	cancer progression	T046	C1947901
27418256	270	275	study	T062	C2603343
27418256	279	304	structure-based screening	T058	C1710032
27418256	340	357	metalloproteinase	T116,T126	C0623362
27418256	368	377	fragments	T116,T130	C1335533
27418256	384	403	computational model	T066	C0009609
27418256	436	444	fragment	T116,T130	C1335533
27418256	445	448	set	T077	C1705195
27418256	479	512	EDASA Scientific compound library	T170	C0282574
27418256	520	529	fragments	T116,T130	C1335533
27418256	590	606	biological assay	T059	C0005507
27418256	610	618	validate	T062	C1519941
27418256	623	628	model	T066	C0009609
27418256	634	643	scaffolds	T116,T123	C1179132
27418256	662	670	activity	T052	C0441655
27418256	678	683	assay	T059	C0005507
27418256	693	715	isatin-based compounds	T109,T121,T130	C0022115
27418256	756	765	fragments	T116,T130	C1335533
27418256	810	816	design	T052	C1707689
27418256	842	856	MMP inhibitors	T121	C1513016
27418256	879	898	micromolar activity	T052	C0441655
27418256	904	922	chemical synthesis	T070	C0007987
27418256	931	939	flexible	T080	C0443220
27418256	944	959	creative access	T082	C0444454
27418256	969	978	analogues	T104	C0002776

27418869|t|Dental Students ' Educational Environment and Perceived Stress: The University of Malaya Experience
27418869|a|An equitable and positive learning environment fosters deep self-directed learning in students and, consequently, good practice in their profession. Although demotivating weaknesses may lead to repeated day-to-day stress with a cascade of deleterious consequences at both personal and professional levels, a possible relationship between these parameters has not been reported. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between students ' perceptions of their educational environment and their stress levels. Sixty-one first year students at the Dental Faculty, University of Malaya, Malaysia participated. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) was used to determine educational environment while self-rated perceived stress level was measured by the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). Most students (62.39%) showed positive perceptions for the total and five domains of DREEM. The highest percentage was observed for " Students perception of learning " (64.04%) while the lowest was for " Students ' social self- perception " (60.32%). At the same time, 61% of students showed high perceived stress levels. However, this was not associated with their DREEM scores. Although a positive perception of their educational environment was found, minor corrective measures need to be implemented. Furthermore, longitudinal studies on an annual basis would provide useful input for strategic planning purposes.
27418869	0	15	Dental Students	T097	C0038493
27418869	18	41	Educational Environment	T069	C0681381
27418869	46	55	Perceived	T041	C0030971
27418869	56	62	Stress	T048	C0038443
27418869	68	88	University of Malaya	T073,T092	C0041740
27418869	89	99	Experience	T041	C0596545
27418869	126	146	learning environment	T082	C1510556
27418869	160	182	self-directed learning	T065	C0871321
27418869	186	194	students	T097	C0038493
27418869	219	227	practice	T041	C0237607
27418869	237	247	profession	T090	C0028811
27418869	258	281	demotivating weaknesses	T080	C0205556
27418869	303	313	day-to-day	T079	C0332173
27418869	314	320	stress	T048	C0038443
27418869	351	363	consequences	T078	C1547646
27418869	372	380	personal	T032	C1519021
27418869	385	397	professional	T090	C2698884
27418869	417	429	relationship	T080	C0439849
27418869	444	454	parameters	T033	C0449381
27418869	521	533	relationship	T080	C0439849
27418869	542	550	students	T097	C0038493
27418869	553	564	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27418869	574	597	educational environment	T069	C0681381
27418869	608	614	stress	T048	C0038443
27418869	644	652	students	T097	C0038493
27418869	660	674	Dental Faculty	T097	C0015536
27418869	676	696	University of Malaya	T073,T092	C0041740
27418869	698	706	Malaysia	T083	C0024552
27418869	707	719	participated	T169	C0679823
27418869	725	767	Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure	T170	C0282574
27418869	769	774	DREEM	T170	C0282574
27418869	798	821	educational environment	T069	C0681381
27418869	828	838	self-rated	T170	C4054119
27418869	839	848	perceived	T041	C0030971
27418869	849	855	stress	T048	C0038443
27418869	866	874	measured	T080	C0444706
27418869	882	913	Depression Anxiety Stress Scale	T170	C0282574
27418869	915	919	DASS	T170	C0282574
27418869	927	935	students	T097	C0038493
27418869	961	972	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27418869	1007	1012	DREEM	T170	C0282574
27418869	1056	1064	Students	T097	C0038493
27418869	1065	1075	perception	T041	C0030971
27418869	1079	1087	learning	T041	C0023185
27418869	1126	1134	Students	T097	C0038493
27418869	1150	1160	perception	T041	C0025361
27418869	1198	1206	students	T097	C0038493
27418869	1219	1228	perceived	T041	C0030971
27418869	1229	1242	stress levels	T033	C4034537
27418869	1266	1281	associated with	T080	C0332281
27418869	1288	1293	DREEM	T170	C0282574
27418869	1322	1332	perception	T041	C0030971
27418869	1342	1365	educational environment	T069	C0681381
27418869	1383	1402	corrective measures	T169	C1879489
27418869	1414	1425	implemented	T052	C1708476
27418869	1440	1460	longitudinal studies	T062	C0023981
27418869	1467	1479	annual basis	T079	C1254367
27418869	1511	1538	strategic planning purposes	T057	C1514981

27420101|t|Bacterial Suppression of RNA Polymerase II - Dependent Host Gene Expression
27420101|a|Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) is a bacterial carrier state in the urinary tract that resembles commensalism at other mucosal sites. ABU strains often lack the virulence factors that characterize uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains and therefore elicit weak innate immune responses in the urinary tract. In addition, ABU strains are active modifiers of the host environment, which they influence by suppressing RNA polymerase II (Pol II)- dependent host gene expression. In patients inoculated with the ABU strain E. coli 83972, gene expression was markedly reduced after 24 h (>60% of all regulated genes). Specific repressors and activators of Pol II - dependent transcription were modified, and Pol II Serine 2 phosphorylation was significantly inhibited, indicating reduced activity of the polymerase. This active inhibition included disease -associated innate immune response pathways, defined by TLR4, IRF-3 and IRF-7, suggesting that ABU strains persist in human hosts by active suppression of the antibacterial defense. In a search for the mechanism of inhibition, we compared the whole genome sequences of E. coli 83972 and the uropathogenic strain E. coli CFT073. In addition to the known loss of virulence genes, we observed that the ABU strain has acquired several phages and identified the lytic Prophage 3 as a candidate Pol II inhibitor. Intact phage particles were released by ABU during in vitro growth in human urine. To address if Prophage 3 affects Pol II activity, we constructed a Prophage 3 negative deletion mutant in E. coli 83972 and compared the effect on Pol II phosphorylation between the mutant and the E. coli 83972 wild type (WT) strains. No difference was detected, suggesting that the Pol II inhibitor is not encoded by the phage. The review summarizes the evidence that the ABU strain E. coli 83972 modifies host gene expression by inhibition of Pol II phosphorylation, and discusses the ability of ABU strains to actively create an environment that enhances their persistence.
27420101	0	9	Bacterial	T080	C0521009
27420101	10	21	Suppression	T169	C1260953
27420101	25	42	RNA Polymerase II	T116,T126	C0035679
27420101	45	54	Dependent	T169	C3244310
27420101	55	59	Host	T001	C1167395
27420101	60	75	Gene Expression	T045	C0017262
27420101	76	100	Asymptomatic bacteriuria	T047	C0262380
27420101	102	105	ABU	T047	C0262380
27420101	143	156	urinary tract	T023	C0042027
27420101	172	184	commensalism	T070	C3536899
27420101	194	201	mucosal	T024	C0026724
27420101	202	207	sites	T082	C0205145
27420101	209	212	ABU	T047	C0262380
27420101	213	220	strains	T001	C1518614
27420101	236	253	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27420101	272	320	uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains	T007	C2717874
27420101	342	346	weak	T080	C1762617
27420101	347	370	innate immune responses	T032	C0020969
27420101	378	391	urinary tract	T023	C0042027
27420101	406	409	ABU	T047	C0262380
27420101	410	417	strains	T001	C1518614
27420101	446	450	host	T001	C1167395
27420101	451	462	environment	T082	C0014406
27420101	475	484	influence	T077	C4054723
27420101	488	499	suppressing	T169	C1260953
27420101	500	517	RNA polymerase II	T116,T126	C0035679
27420101	519	525	Pol II	T116,T126	C0035679
27420101	528	537	dependent	T169	C3244310
27420101	538	542	host	T001	C1167395
27420101	543	558	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27420101	563	571	patients	T101	C0030705
27420101	592	595	ABU	T047	C0262380
27420101	596	602	strain	T001	C1518614
27420101	603	616	E. coli 83972	T007	C0014834
27420101	618	633	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27420101	647	654	reduced	T080	C0392756
27420101	664	665	h	T079	C0439227
27420101	689	694	genes	T028	C0017337
27420101	706	716	repressors	T123	C0574031
27420101	721	731	activators	T121,T123	C0751968
27420101	735	741	Pol II	T116,T126	C0035679
27420101	744	753	dependent	T169	C3244310
27420101	754	767	transcription	T045	C0040649
27420101	773	781	modified	T169	C0392747
27420101	787	818	Pol II Serine 2 phosphorylation	T045	C2754824
27420101	837	846	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27420101	859	866	reduced	T080	C0392756
27420101	867	875	activity	T044	C0243102
27420101	883	893	polymerase	T116,T126	C0035679
27420101	907	917	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27420101	927	934	disease	T047	C0012634
27420101	947	969	innate immune response	T032	C0020969
27420101	970	978	pathways	T044	C1704259
27420101	991	995	TLR4	T116,T192	C1321919
27420101	997	1002	IRF-3	T116,T123	C0384768
27420101	1007	1012	IRF-7	T116,T123	C1530281
27420101	1030	1033	ABU	T047	C0262380
27420101	1034	1041	strains	T001	C1518614
27420101	1053	1058	human	T016	C0086418
27420101	1059	1064	hosts	T001	C1167395
27420101	1075	1086	suppression	T169	C1260953
27420101	1094	1115	antibacterial defense	T039	C0020964
27420101	1137	1146	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27420101	1150	1160	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27420101	1165	1173	compared	T052	C1707455
27420101	1178	1200	whole genome sequences	T028	C0017428
27420101	1204	1217	E. coli 83972	T007	C0014834
27420101	1226	1261	uropathogenic strain E. coli CFT073	T007	C2717874
27420101	1296	1305	virulence	T038	C0042765
27420101	1306	1311	genes	T028	C0017337
27420101	1334	1337	ABU	T047	C0262380
27420101	1338	1344	strain	T001	C1518614
27420101	1366	1372	phages	T005	C0004651
27420101	1392	1408	lytic Prophage 3	T005	C1136253
27420101	1424	1430	Pol II	T116,T126	C0035679
27420101	1431	1440	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27420101	1449	1454	phage	T005	C0004651
27420101	1482	1485	ABU	T047	C0262380
27420101	1493	1501	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27420101	1502	1508	growth	T040	C0178747
27420101	1512	1517	human	T016	C0086418
27420101	1518	1523	urine	T031	C0042036
27420101	1539	1549	Prophage 3	T005	C1136253
27420101	1558	1564	Pol II	T116,T126	C0035679
27420101	1565	1573	activity	T044	C0243102
27420101	1592	1602	Prophage 3	T005	C1136253
27420101	1612	1627	deletion mutant	T045	C1511760
27420101	1631	1644	E. coli 83972	T007	C0014834
27420101	1649	1657	compared	T052	C1707455
27420101	1662	1668	effect	T080	C1280500
27420101	1672	1694	Pol II phosphorylation	T045	C2754824
27420101	1707	1713	mutant	T028	C0678941
27420101	1722	1735	E. coli 83972	T007	C0014834
27420101	1736	1745	wild type	T028	C1883559
27420101	1747	1749	WT	T028	C1883559
27420101	1751	1758	strains	T001	C1518614
27420101	1808	1814	Pol II	T116,T126	C0035679
27420101	1815	1824	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27420101	1847	1852	phage	T005	C0004651
27420101	1880	1888	evidence	T078	C3887511
27420101	1898	1901	ABU	T047	C0262380
27420101	1902	1908	strain	T001	C1518614
27420101	1909	1922	E. coli 83972	T007	C0014834
27420101	1932	1936	host	T001	C1167395
27420101	1937	1952	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27420101	1956	1966	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27420101	1970	1992	Pol II phosphorylation	T045	C2754824
27420101	2023	2026	ABU	T047	C0262380
27420101	2027	2034	strains	T001	C1518614
27420101	2057	2068	environment	T082	C0014406
27420101	2074	2082	enhances	T052	C2349975
27420101	2089	2100	persistence	T041	C0546816

27420620|t|Regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression in the intraabdominal adipose tissue
27420620|a|Tissue specific expression of genes encoding cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 as well as genes encoding the most important transcriptional regulators of adipogenesis - LXRa, LXRb, PPARg and RORa has been investigated in intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAT) samples .A direct correlation between the content of ABCA1 and ABCG1 proteins with RORa protein level (r=0.480, p<0.05; r=0.435, p<0.05, respectively) suggests the role of the transcription factor RORa in the regulation of IAT ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein levels. ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression positively correlated with obesity indicators such as body mass index (BMI) (r=0.522, p=0.004; r=0.594, p=0.001, respectively) and waist circumference (r=0.403, p=0.033; r=0.474, p=0.013, respectively). The development of obesity is associated with decreased IAT levels of RORa and LXRb mRNA (p=0.016 and p=0.002, respectively). These data suggest that the nuclear factor RORa can play a significant role in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and control IAT expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, while the level of IAT LXRb gene expression may be an important factor associated with the development of obesity.
27420620	0	10	Regulation	T045	C0017263
27420620	14	19	ABCA1	T028	C1412058
27420620	24	29	ABCG1	T028	C1412096
27420620	30	45	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27420620	53	82	intraabdominal adipose tissue	T024	C1563739
27420620	83	118	Tissue specific expression of genes	T045	C1519516
27420620	119	127	encoding	T052	C2700640
27420620	128	139	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27420620	140	152	transporters	T116,T123	C0007292
27420620	153	158	ABCA1	T116,T126	C3711161
27420620	163	168	ABCG1	T116,T123	C0963751
27420620	180	185	genes	T028	C0017337
27420620	186	194	encoding	T052	C2700640
27420620	214	229	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27420620	230	240	regulators	T116,T123	C0815047
27420620	244	256	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
27420620	259	263	LXRa	T116,T192	C0297439
27420620	265	269	LXRb	T116,T192	C0754148
27420620	271	276	PPARg	T116,T192	C3887582
27420620	281	285	RORa	T116,T192	C0284080
27420620	295	307	investigated	T169	C1292732
27420620	311	340	intraabdominal adipose tissue	T024	C1563739
27420620	342	345	IAT	T024	C1563739
27420620	347	354	samples	T167	C0370003
27420620	365	376	correlation	T080	C1707520
27420620	400	405	ABCA1	T116,T126	C3711161
27420620	410	424	ABCG1 proteins	T116,T123	C0963751
27420620	430	442	RORa protein	T116,T192	C0284080
27420620	443	448	level	T080	C0441889
27420620	498	506	suggests	T078	C1705535
27420620	523	543	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27420620	544	548	RORa	T116,T192	C0284080
27420620	556	566	regulation	T038	C1327622
27420620	570	573	IAT	T024	C1563739
27420620	574	579	ABCA1	T116,T126	C3711161
27420620	584	597	ABCG1 protein	T116,T123	C0963751
27420620	598	604	levels	T080	C0441889
27420620	606	611	ABCA1	T028	C1412058
27420620	616	621	ABCG1	T028	C1412096
27420620	622	637	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27420620	649	659	correlated	T080	C1707520
27420620	665	672	obesity	T047	C0028754
27420620	673	683	indicators	T130	C0021212
27420620	692	707	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27420620	709	712	BMI	T201	C1305855
27420620	769	788	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
27420620	845	856	development	T169	C1527148
27420620	860	867	obesity	T047	C0028754
27420620	871	886	associated with	T080	C0332281
27420620	887	896	decreased	T081	C0205216
27420620	897	900	IAT	T024	C1563739
27420620	901	907	levels	T080	C0441889
27420620	911	915	RORa	T028	C1335634
27420620	920	924	LXRb	T028	C1417823
27420620	925	929	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27420620	973	977	data	T078	C1511726
27420620	978	985	suggest	T078	C1705535
27420620	995	1014	nuclear factor RORa	T116,T192	C0284080
27420620	1026	1037	significant	T078	C0750502
27420620	1050	1060	regulation	T038	C1327622
27420620	1064	1086	cholesterol metabolism	T044	C1156530
27420620	1091	1098	control	T080	C0243148
27420620	1099	1102	IAT	T024	C1563739
27420620	1103	1113	expression	T045	C1171362
27420620	1117	1122	ABCA1	T116,T126	C3711161
27420620	1127	1132	ABCG1	T116,T123	C0963751
27420620	1144	1149	level	T080	C0441889
27420620	1153	1156	IAT	T024	C1563739
27420620	1157	1161	LXRb	T028	C1417823
27420620	1162	1177	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27420620	1205	1220	associated with	T080	C0332281
27420620	1225	1236	development	T169	C1527148
27420620	1240	1247	obesity	T047	C0028754

27421268|t|Evaluation of the effects of an offer of a monetary incentive on the rate of questionnaire return during follow-up of a clinical trial: a randomised study within a trial
27421268|a|A systematic review on the use of incentives to promote questionnaire return in clinical trials suggest they are effective, but not all studies have sufficient funds to use them. Promising an incentive once data are returned can reduce the cost-burden of this approach, with possible further cost-savings if the offer were restricted to reminder letters only. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of promising a monetary incentive at first mailout versus a promise on reminder letters only. This was a randomised Study Within A Trial (SWAT) nested within BUMPES, a multicentre randomised controlled trial of maternal position in the late stage of labour in women with an epidural. The follow-up questionnaire asked for information on the women's health, wellbeing and health service use one year following the birth of their baby. Women who consented to be contacted were randomised to a promise of a monetary incentive at first mailout or a promise on reminder letters only. Women were given an option of completing the questionnaire on paper or on online. The incentive was posted out on receipt of a completed questionnaire. The primary outcome was the overall return rate, and secondary outcomes were the return rate without any chasing from the study office, and the total cost of the vouchers. A total of 1,029 women were randomised, 508 to the first mailout group and 518 to the reminder group. There was no evidence to suggest a difference between groups in the overall return rate (adjusted RR 1.03 (95 % CI 0.96 to 1.11), however the proportion returned without chasing was higher in the first mailout group (adjusted RR 1.22, 95 % CI 1.07 to 1.39). The total cost of the vouchers per participant was higher in the first mailout group (mean difference £4.56, 95 % CI £4.02 to £5.11). Offering a monetary incentive when a reminder is required could be cost-effective depending on the sample size of the study and the resources available to administer the reminder letters. The BUMPES Trial is registered with Current Controlled Trials: ISRCTN35706297, 26(th) August 2009.
27421268	0	10	Evaluation	T078	C1550157
27421268	18	28	effects of	T080	C1704420
27421268	43	51	monetary	T073	C0870909
27421268	52	61	incentive	T080	C0021147
27421268	69	97	rate of questionnaire return	UnknownType	C0815260
27421268	105	114	follow-up	T058	C3274571
27421268	120	134	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27421268	138	169	randomised study within a trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27421268	172	189	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27421268	204	214	incentives	T080	C0021147
27421268	218	225	promote	T052	C0033414
27421268	226	246	questionnaire return	UnknownType	C0815260
27421268	250	265	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27421268	283	292	effective	T080	C1280519
27421268	306	313	studies	T062	C0681814
27421268	330	335	funds	T081	C0016820
27421268	349	358	Promising	T078	C1555307
27421268	362	371	incentive	T080	C0021147
27421268	377	381	data	T078	C1511726
27421268	386	394	returned	T080	C0332156
27421268	399	405	reduce	T080	C0205556
27421268	410	421	cost-burden	T081	C1512163
27421268	462	474	cost-savings	T081	C0085550
27421268	493	503	restricted	T169	C0443288
27421268	507	515	reminder	T077	C1709896
27421268	516	523	letters	T170	C0282413
27421268	535	540	study	T062	C2603343
27421268	550	558	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27421268	563	569	effect	T080	C1280500
27421268	573	582	promising	T078	C1555307
27421268	585	593	monetary	T073	C0870909
27421268	594	603	incentive	T080	C0021147
27421268	613	620	mailout	T073	C0024492
27421268	630	637	promise	T078	C1555307
27421268	641	649	reminder	T077	C1709896
27421268	650	657	letters	T170	C0282413
27421268	675	706	randomised Study Within A Trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27421268	708	712	SWAT	T062,T170	C0206034
27421268	728	734	BUMPES	T062	C0008976
27421268	738	777	multicentre randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27421268	781	789	maternal	T033	C1858460
27421268	790	798	position	T082	C0733755
27421268	806	816	late stage	T079	C1279941
27421268	820	826	labour	T040	C0022864
27421268	830	835	women	T098	C0043210
27421268	844	852	epidural	T030	C0014537
27421268	858	867	follow-up	T058	C3274571
27421268	868	881	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27421268	892	903	information	T078	C1533716
27421268	911	925	women's health	T091	C0080339
27421268	927	936	wellbeing	T170	C3813622
27421268	941	955	health service	T058	C0018747
27421268	960	968	one year	T079	C4082117
27421268	983	988	birth	T040	C0005615
27421268	998	1002	baby	T100	C0021270
27421268	1004	1009	Women	T098	C0043210
27421268	1014	1023	consented	T169	C1511481
27421268	1045	1055	randomised	T062	C0034656
27421268	1061	1068	promise	T078	C1555307
27421268	1074	1082	monetary	T073	C0870909
27421268	1083	1092	incentive	T080	C0021147
27421268	1102	1109	mailout	T073	C0024492
27421268	1126	1134	reminder	T077	C1709896
27421268	1135	1142	letters	T170	C0282413
27421268	1149	1154	Women	T098	C0043210
27421268	1169	1175	option	T169	C1518601
27421268	1194	1207	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27421268	1211	1216	paper	T073	C0030351
27421268	1223	1229	online	T073,T170	C0029038
27421268	1235	1244	incentive	T080	C0021147
27421268	1249	1259	posted out	T073	C0024492
27421268	1286	1299	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27421268	1305	1320	primary outcome	T169	C1274040
27421268	1329	1336	overall	T080	C1561607
27421268	1337	1348	return rate	UnknownType	C0815260
27421268	1354	1372	secondary outcomes	T169	C1274040
27421268	1382	1393	return rate	UnknownType	C0815260
27421268	1423	1435	study office	T073	C0442603
27421268	1445	1455	total cost	T169	C0220812
27421268	1463	1471	vouchers	T170	C0872304
27421268	1490	1495	women	T098	C0043210
27421268	1501	1511	randomised	T062	C0034656
27421268	1530	1537	mailout	T073	C0024492
27421268	1538	1543	group	T078	C0441833
27421268	1559	1567	reminder	T077	C1709896
27421268	1568	1573	group	T078	C0441833
27421268	1585	1596	no evidence	T080	C0332125
27421268	1610	1620	difference	T080	C1705242
27421268	1629	1635	groups	T078	C0441833
27421268	1643	1650	overall	T080	C1561607
27421268	1651	1662	return rate	UnknownType	C0815260
27421268	1664	1675	adjusted RR	UnknownType	C0815260
27421268	1687	1689	CI	T081	C0009667
27421268	1717	1736	proportion returned	T081	C1709707
27421268	1777	1784	mailout	T073	C0024492
27421268	1785	1790	group	T078	C0441833
27421268	1792	1803	adjusted RR	UnknownType	C0815260
27421268	1815	1817	CI	T081	C0009667
27421268	1837	1847	total cost	T169	C0220812
27421268	1855	1863	vouchers	T170	C0872304
27421268	1868	1879	participant	T098	C0679646
27421268	1904	1911	mailout	T073	C0024492
27421268	1912	1917	group	T078	C0441833
27421268	1919	1934	mean difference	T081	C1705241
27421268	1947	1949	CI	T081	C0009667
27421268	1978	1986	monetary	T073	C0870909
27421268	1987	1996	incentive	T080	C0021147
27421268	2004	2012	reminder	T077	C1709896
27421268	2016	2024	required	T169	C1514873
27421268	2034	2048	cost-effective	T081	C0010181
27421268	2066	2077	sample size	T081	C0242618
27421268	2085	2090	study	T062	C2603343
27421268	2099	2108	resources	T078	C0035201
27421268	2122	2132	administer	T169	C1621583
27421268	2137	2145	reminder	T077	C1709896
27421268	2146	2153	letters	T170	C0282413
27421268	2159	2171	BUMPES Trial	T062	C0008976
27421268	2175	2185	registered	T058	C1514821
27421268	2191	2216	Current Controlled Trials	T062	C0009933

27421843|t|HIF-1α expression and high microvessel density are characteristic features in serrated colorectal cancer
27421843|a|Serrated colorectal adenocarcinoma (SAC) is a morphologically distinct subtype of colorectal cancer (CRC), in which increased HIF-1α mRNA expression and HIF-1α protein stabilization are typical features. Here we aimed to further elucidate HIF-1α protein expression in serrated and non-serrated colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) and their precursor lesions and its association with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvascular density (MVD). HIF-1α and VEGF expressions were determined immunohistochemically in 134 serrated polyps (SPs), 104 non-serrated adenomas (NSAs), 81 SACs, and 74 matched conventional adenocarcinomas (CCs) and were correlated with morphology, clinicopathological features, and MVD. In premalignant lesions, both HIF-1α and VEGF were expressed in the vast majority of SPs and NSAs. In CRCs, HIF-1α protein was also present in 77.8 % of SACs, while only 20.3 % of CCs were HIF-1α proficient. MVD was significantly higher in SACs, but the serrated morphology was the only significant predictor of MVD in CRC in multivariate analyses. HIF-1α protein is often stabilized in well-vascularized SACs, suggesting hypoxia - independent stabilization of HIF-1α. Moreover, HIF-1α stabilization did not associate with oncogenic activation of BRAF or KRAS or Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) mutation. Prevalent HIF-1α expression in SAC and its precursors support the importance of HIF-1α -mediated pathways for the serrated route of colorectal carcinogenesis.
27421843	0	6	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	7	17	expression	T045	C1171362
27421843	27	46	microvessel density	T080	C3272839
27421843	78	104	serrated colorectal cancer	T191	C3272809
27421843	105	139	Serrated colorectal adenocarcinoma	T191	C3272809
27421843	141	144	SAC	T191	C3272809
27421843	151	166	morphologically	T082	C0543482
27421843	176	183	subtype	T185	C0449560
27421843	187	204	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27421843	206	209	CRC	T191	C1527249
27421843	231	237	HIF-1α	T028	C1333897
27421843	238	253	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27421843	258	272	HIF-1α protein	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	273	286	stabilization	T044	C1327386
27421843	344	350	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	351	369	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27421843	373	381	serrated	T191	C3272809
27421843	386	420	non-serrated colorectal carcinomas	T191	C0009402
27421843	422	426	CRCs	T191	C0009402
27421843	438	455	precursor lesions	T033	C0221198
27421843	464	480	association with	T080	C0332281
27421843	481	515	vascular endothelial growth factor	T116,T123	C1256770
27421843	517	521	VEGF	T116,T123	C1256770
27421843	527	548	microvascular density	T080	C3272839
27421843	550	553	MVD	T080	C3272839
27421843	556	562	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	567	571	VEGF	T116,T123	C1256770
27421843	572	583	expressions	T045	C1171362
27421843	600	621	immunohistochemically	T059	C1441616
27421843	629	644	serrated polyps	T190	C3266123
27421843	646	649	SPs	T190	C3266123
27421843	656	677	non-serrated adenomas	T191	C0001430
27421843	679	683	NSAs	T191	C0001430
27421843	689	693	SACs	T191	C3272809
27421843	710	738	conventional adenocarcinomas	T191	C0007112
27421843	740	743	CCs	T191	C0007112
27421843	754	764	correlated	T080	C1707520
27421843	770	780	morphology	T080	C0332437
27421843	782	810	clinicopathological features	T091	C0030667
27421843	816	819	MVD	T080	C3272839
27421843	824	844	premalignant lesions	T191	C0850639
27421843	851	857	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	862	866	VEGF	T116,T123	C1256770
27421843	872	881	expressed	T045	C1171362
27421843	906	909	SPs	T190	C3266123
27421843	914	918	NSAs	T191	C0001430
27421843	923	927	CRCs	T191	C1527249
27421843	929	943	HIF-1α protein	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	974	978	SACs	T191	C3272809
27421843	1001	1004	CCs	T191	C0007112
27421843	1010	1016	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	1029	1032	MVD	T080	C3272839
27421843	1061	1065	SACs	T191	C3272809
27421843	1075	1083	serrated	T190	C3266123
27421843	1084	1094	morphology	T080	C0332437
27421843	1133	1136	MVD	T080	C3272839
27421843	1140	1143	CRC	T191	C1527249
27421843	1147	1168	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
27421843	1170	1184	HIF-1α protein	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	1194	1204	stabilized	T061	C1293130
27421843	1208	1225	well-vascularized	T169	C0042382
27421843	1226	1230	SACs	T191	C3272809
27421843	1243	1250	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27421843	1253	1278	independent stabilization	T061	C1293130
27421843	1282	1288	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	1300	1306	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	1307	1320	stabilization	T044	C1327386
27421843	1329	1343	associate with	T080	C0332281
27421843	1344	1353	oncogenic	T131	C0007090
27421843	1354	1364	activation	T045	C0017255
27421843	1368	1372	BRAF	T028	C0812241
27421843	1376	1380	KRAS	T028	C1537502
27421843	1384	1401	Von Hippel-Lindau	T028	C0694897
27421843	1403	1406	VHL	T028	C0694897
27421843	1408	1416	mutation	T045	C0596611
27421843	1428	1434	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	1435	1445	expression	T045	C1171362
27421843	1449	1452	SAC	T191	C3272809
27421843	1498	1504	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C1528322
27421843	1515	1523	pathways	T044	C1704259
27421843	1532	1575	serrated route of colorectal carcinogenesis	T191	C3272809

27422009|t|Structure-Activity Studies of β-Hairpin Peptide Inhibitors of the Plasmodium falciparum AMA1 - RON2 Interaction
27422009|a|The interaction between apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2) plays a key role in the invasion of red blood cells by Plasmodium parasites. Disruption of this critical protein-protein interaction represents a promising avenue for antimalarial drug discovery. In this work, we exploited a 13-residue β-hairpin based on the C-terminal loop of RON2 to probe a conserved binding site on Plasmodium falciparum AMA1. A series of mutations was synthetically engineered into β-hairpin peptides to establish structure-activity relationships. The best mutations improved the binding affinity of the β-hairpin peptide by ~7-fold for 3D7 AMA1 and ~14-fold for FVO AMA1. We determined the crystal structures of several β-hairpin peptides in complex with AMA1 in order to define the structural features and specific interactions that contribute to improved binding affinity. The same mutations in the longer RON2sp2 peptide (residues 2027-2055 of RON2) increased the binding affinity by >30-fold for 3D7 and FVO AMA1, producing KD values of 2.1nM and 0.4nM, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the most potent strain -transcending peptide reported to date and represents a valuable tool to characterize the AMA1 - RON2 interaction.
27422009	0	26	Structure-Activity Studies	T080	C0038477
27422009	30	39	β-Hairpin	T116	C1510464
27422009	40	47	Peptide	T116	C0030956
27422009	48	58	Inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27422009	66	87	Plasmodium falciparum	T204	C0032150
27422009	88	92	AMA1	T116,T129	C1307372
27422009	95	99	RON2	T116,T129	C0527070
27422009	100	111	Interaction	T044	C0872079
27422009	116	127	interaction	T044	C0872079
27422009	136	161	apical membrane antigen 1	T116,T129	C1307372
27422009	163	167	AMA1	T116,T129	C1307372
27422009	173	195	rhoptry neck protein 2	T116,T129	C0527070
27422009	197	201	RON2	T116,T129	C0527070
27422009	227	235	invasion	T046	C2699153
27422009	239	254	red blood cells	T025	C0014792
27422009	258	268	Plasmodium	T204	C0032148
27422009	269	278	parasites	T204	C0030498
27422009	280	290	Disruption	T169	C0332453
27422009	308	335	protein-protein interaction	T044	C0872079
27422009	370	382	antimalarial	T121	C0003374
27422009	383	397	drug discovery	T062	C0920472
27422009	428	448	13-residue β-hairpin	T116	C0030956
27422009	462	477	C-terminal loop	T082	C1254362
27422009	481	485	RON2	T116,T129	C0527070
27422009	489	494	probe	T074	C0182400
27422009	507	519	binding site	T192	C0005456
27422009	523	544	Plasmodium falciparum	T204	C0032150
27422009	545	549	AMA1	T116,T129	C1307372
27422009	563	572	mutations	T045	C0026882
27422009	591	601	engineered	T063	C0017387
27422009	607	616	β-hairpin	T116	C1510464
27422009	617	625	peptides	T116	C0030956
27422009	639	671	structure-activity relationships	T080	C0038477
27422009	682	691	mutations	T045	C0026882
27422009	705	712	binding	T052	C1145667
27422009	713	721	affinity	T070	C1510827
27422009	729	738	β-hairpin	T116	C1510464
27422009	739	746	peptide	T116	C0030956
27422009	766	770	AMA1	T116,T129	C1307372
27422009	788	791	FVO	T204	C0032150
27422009	792	796	AMA1	T116,T129	C1307372
27422009	816	834	crystal structures	T104	C0444626
27422009	846	855	β-hairpin	T116	C1510464
27422009	856	864	peptides	T116	C0030956
27422009	881	885	AMA1	T116,T129	C1307372
27422009	909	928	structural features	T116	C1510464
27422009	942	954	interactions	T044	C0872079
27422009	974	982	improved	T033	C0184511
27422009	983	990	binding	T052	C1145667
27422009	991	999	affinity	T070	C1510827
27422009	1010	1019	mutations	T045	C0026882
27422009	1034	1049	RON2sp2 peptide	T116	C0030956
27422009	1051	1069	residues 2027-2055	T087	C0002518
27422009	1073	1077	RON2	T116,T129	C0527070
27422009	1093	1100	binding	T052	C1145667
27422009	1101	1109	affinity	T070	C1510827
27422009	1134	1137	FVO	T204	C0032150
27422009	1138	1142	AMA1	T116,T129	C1307372
27422009	1154	1163	KD values	T081	C0392762
27422009	1233	1246	potent strain	T204	C0032148
27422009	1261	1268	peptide	T116	C0030956
27422009	1337	1341	AMA1	T116,T129	C1307372
27422009	1344	1348	RON2	T116,T129	C0527070
27422009	1349	1360	interaction	T044	C0872079

27422142|t|Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in a vaccinated and immunocompetent child
27422142|a|Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease decreased dramatically after the introduction of conjugate vaccine in routine immunization schedules. We report a case of a fifteen-months-old girl, previously healthy and vaccinated, admitted in the emergency room with fever and vomiting. She was irritable and the Brudzinski's sign was positive. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed pleocytosis and high protein level. Empiric intravenous antibiotics (ceftriaxone and vancomycin) were administered for suspected bacterial meningitis during 10 days. Serotyping of the Haemophilus influenzae strain found in CSF revealed a serotype b. After one year of follow-up no Hib meningitis sequelae were noted. Despite vaccination compliance and absence of risk factors, invasive Hib disease can occur due to vaccine failure. Efforts to keep the low incidence of invasive Hib disease should be directed to the maintenance of high vaccination coverage rates, combined with the notification and surveillance strategies already implemented in each country.
27422142	0	40	Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis	T047	C0917807
27422142	46	56	vaccinated	T061	C0042196
27422142	61	76	immunocompetent	T201	C1512656
27422142	77	82	child	T100	C0008059
27422142	83	135	Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease	T047	C4302339
27422142	185	202	conjugate vaccine	T121,T129	C0206515
27422142	206	213	routine	T080	C0205547
27422142	214	236	immunization schedules	T061	C0020972
27422142	241	247	report	T170	C0085973
27422142	279	283	girl	T100	C0870604
27422142	296	303	healthy	T080	C3898900
27422142	308	318	vaccinated	T061	C0042196
27422142	320	328	admitted	T058	C0184666
27422142	336	350	emergency room	T073,T093	C0562508
27422142	356	361	fever	T184	C0015967
27422142	366	374	vomiting	T184	C0042963
27422142	384	393	irritable	T033	C0022107
27422142	402	419	Brudzinski's sign	T184	C0234179
27422142	424	432	positive	T033	C0238854
27422142	438	457	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
27422142	459	462	CSF	T031	C0007806
27422142	480	491	pleocytosis	T047	C0151857
27422142	496	514	high protein level	T034	C0428479
27422142	516	523	Empiric	T080	C1880496
27422142	524	535	intravenous	T082	C0348016
27422142	536	547	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27422142	549	560	ceftriaxone	T109,T195	C0007561
27422142	565	575	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
27422142	582	594	administered	T061	C0508215
27422142	609	629	bacterial meningitis	T047	C0085437
27422142	640	644	days	T079	C0439228
27422142	646	656	Serotyping	T059	C0201217
27422142	664	693	Haemophilus influenzae strain	T007	C0018483
27422142	703	706	CSF	T031	C0007806
27422142	718	728	serotype b	T170	C0456771
27422142	736	744	one year	T079	C4082117
27422142	748	757	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27422142	758	775	no Hib meningitis	T033	C0497153
27422142	805	816	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27422142	817	827	compliance	T033	C3714738
27422142	843	855	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27422142	857	877	invasive Hib disease	T047	C4302339
27422142	895	902	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27422142	903	910	failure	T169	C0231174
27422142	936	945	incidence	T081	C0021149
27422142	949	969	invasive Hib disease	T047	C4302339
27422142	1016	1027	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27422142	1062	1074	notification	T058	C0422202
27422142	1079	1102	surveillance strategies	T061	C0038842
27422142	1111	1122	implemented	T052	C1708476
27422142	1131	1138	country	T083	C0454664

27422367|t|BRG1 in the Nucleus Accumbens Regulates Cocaine-Seeking Behavior
27422367|a|Drug addiction is defined as a chronic disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and episodes of relapse despite prolonged periods of drug abstinence. Neurobiological adaptations, including transcriptional and epigenetic alterations in the nucleus accumbens, are thought to contribute to this life-long disease state. We previously demonstrated that the transcription factor SMAD3 is increased after 7 days of withdrawal from cocaine self-administration. However, it is still unknown which additional factors participate in the process of chromatin remodeling and facilitate the binding of SMAD3 to promoter regions of target genes. Here, we examined the possible interaction of BRG1 -also known as SMARCA4, an adenosine triphosphatase -containing chromatin remodeler -and SMAD3 in response to cocaine exposure. The expression of BRG1, as well as its binding to SMAD3 and target gene promoter regions, was evaluated in the nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum of rats using western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation following abstinence from cocaine self-administration. Rats were assessed for cocaine-seeking behaviors after either intra-accumbal injections of the BRG1 inhibitor PFI3 or viral-mediated overexpression of BRG1. After withdrawal from cocaine self-administration, BRG1 expression and complex formation with SMAD3 are increased in the nucleus accumbens, resulting in increased binding of BRG1 to the promoter regions of Ctnnb1, Mef2d, and Dbn1. Intra-accumbal infusion of PFI3 attenuated, whereas viral overexpression of Brg1 enhanced, cocaine-reinstatement behavior. BRG1 is a key mediator of the SMAD3 -dependent regulation of cellular and behavioral plasticity that mediates cocaine seeking after a period of withdrawal.
27422367	0	4	BRG1	T116,T126	C3657836
27422367	12	29	Nucleus Accumbens	T023	C0028633
27422367	40	64	Cocaine-Seeking Behavior	T048	C0600427
27422367	65	79	Drug addiction	T048	C1510472
27422367	96	111	chronic disease	T047	C0008679
27422367	140	152	drug seeking	T033	C0694536
27422367	157	176	episodes of relapse	T079	C0580821
27422367	185	202	prolonged periods	T079	C0439590
27422367	206	221	drug abstinence	T055	C0237443
27422367	223	250	Neurobiological adaptations	T038	C0392673
27422367	262	277	transcriptional	T045	C1158770
27422367	282	304	epigenetic alterations	T043	C1160454
27422367	312	329	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
27422367	365	388	life-long disease state	T033	C3887610
27422367	426	446	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27422367	447	452	SMAD3	T116,T123	C0529120
27422367	482	505	withdrawal from cocaine	T048	C0009178
27422367	506	525	self-administration	T061	C0036589
27422367	573	580	factors	T169	C1521761
27422367	611	631	chromatin remodeling	T045	C1156210
27422367	662	667	SMAD3	T116,T123	C0529120
27422367	671	687	promoter regions	T114,T123	C0033413
27422367	691	703	target genes	T028	C1332838
27422367	736	747	interaction	T044	C0872079
27422367	751	755	BRG1	T116,T126	C3657836
27422367	771	778	SMARCA4	T116,T126	C3657836
27422367	783	807	adenosine triphosphatase	T116,T126	C1706373
27422367	820	839	chromatin remodeler	T116,T123	C1333030
27422367	845	850	SMAD3	T116,T123	C0529120
27422367	866	882	cocaine exposure	T033	C0743284
27422367	888	898	expression	T045	C0017262
27422367	902	906	BRG1	T116,T126	C3657836
27422367	934	939	SMAD3	T116,T123	C0529120
27422367	944	973	target gene promoter regions,	T114,T123	C0033413
27422367	995	1012	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
27422367	1017	1032	dorsal striatum	T023	C2333957
27422367	1036	1040	rats	T015	C0034693
27422367	1047	1063	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27422367	1065	1087	co-immunoprecipitation	T059	C1449705
27422367	1093	1122	chromatin immunoprecipitation	T059	C1328856
27422367	1133	1143	abstinence	T061	C3843422
27422367	1149	1176	cocaine self-administration	T061	C0036589
27422367	1178	1182	Rats	T015	C0034693
27422367	1201	1226	cocaine-seeking behaviors	T048	C0600427
27422367	1240	1265	intra-accumbal injections	T061	C0574032
27422367	1273	1277	BRG1	T116,T126	C3657836
27422367	1278	1292	inhibitor PFI3	T109,T121	C4079881
27422367	1296	1325	viral-mediated overexpression	T045	C1514559
27422367	1329	1333	BRG1	T116,T126	C3657836
27422367	1341	1364	withdrawal from cocaine	T048	C0009178
27422367	1365	1384	self-administration	T061	C0036589
27422367	1386	1390	BRG1	T116,T126	C3657836
27422367	1391	1401	expression	T045	C1171362
27422367	1406	1428	complex formation with	T045	C1157564
27422367	1429	1434	SMAD3	T116,T123	C0529120
27422367	1456	1473	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
27422367	1509	1513	BRG1	T116,T126	C3657836
27422367	1521	1537	promoter regions	T114,T123	C0033413
27422367	1541	1547	Ctnnb1	T028	C1332803
27422367	1549	1554	Mef2d	T028	C1417103
27422367	1560	1564	Dbn1	T028	C1413922
27422367	1566	1589	Intra-accumbal infusion	T061	C0574032
27422367	1593	1597	PFI3	T109,T121	C4079881
27422367	1598	1608	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27422367	1618	1638	viral overexpression	T045	C1514559
27422367	1642	1646	Brg1	T028	C1335843
27422367	1657	1687	cocaine-reinstatement behavior	UnknownType	C0678336
27422367	1689	1693	BRG1	T116,T126	C3657836
27422367	1719	1724	SMAD3	T116,T123	C0529120
27422367	1736	1784	regulation of cellular and behavioral plasticity	T042	C0027880
27422367	1799	1814	cocaine seeking	T048	C0600427
27422367	1823	1829	period	T079	C1948053
27422367	1833	1843	withdrawal	T048	C0009178

27422746|t|The blood lipid regulation of Monascus -produced monascin and ankaflavin via the suppression of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol assembly and stimulation of apolipoprotein A1 expression in the liver
27422746|a|Monascin (MS) and ankaflavin (AK) produced by Monascus purpureus NTU 568 were proven to show excellent hypolipidemic effects in our previous studies; however, the mechanism is still unclear. This study used MS, AK, and monacolin K as test substances and performed tests on rats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. The lipid levels and the related protein levels of the rats were assessed to understand the effects of MS, AK, and monacolin K on lipid metabolism. MS and AK lowered low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and preserved high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents. MS and AK inhibited acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, and apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 expression, thereby preventing LDL assembly. In addition, enhanced LDL - receptor expression increased the transport of LDL-C to the liver for metabolism. MS and AK also significantly increase apo A1 expression, which facilitates high-density lipoprotein cholesterol formation. Monascus - fermented MS and AK can perform blood lipid regulation via the suppression of LDL-C assembly and stimulation of apo A1 expression in liver.
27422746	4	26	blood lipid regulation	T043	C1158445
27422746	30	38	Monascus	T004	C0997448
27422746	49	57	monascin	T109	C1871155
27422746	62	72	ankaflavin	T109,T123	C1568221
27422746	81	92	suppression	T040	C0301625
27422746	96	131	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27422746	145	156	stimulation	T061	C1292856
27422746	160	177	apolipoprotein A1	T116,T123	C0085201
27422746	178	188	expression	T045	C1171362
27422746	196	201	liver	T023	C0023884
27422746	202	210	Monascin	T109	C1871155
27422746	212	214	MS	T109	C1871155
27422746	220	230	ankaflavin	T109,T123	C1568221
27422746	232	234	AK	T109,T123	C1568221
27422746	248	274	Monascus purpureus NTU 568	T004	C0997449
27422746	305	326	hypolipidemic effects	T033	C0243095
27422746	343	350	studies	T062	C2603343
27422746	365	374	mechanism	T044	C0678659
27422746	398	403	study	T062	C2603343
27422746	409	411	MS	T109	C1871155
27422746	413	415	AK	T109,T123	C1568221
27422746	421	432	monacolin K	T109,T121	C0024027
27422746	436	451	test substances	T167	C0439861
27422746	456	465	performed	T169	C0884358
27422746	466	471	tests	T170	C0392366
27422746	475	479	rats	T015	C0034721
27422746	484	492	high-fat	T061	C0521974
27422746	497	518	high-cholesterol diet	T061	C3661832
27422746	587	591	rats	T015	C0034721
27422746	597	605	assessed	T052	C1516048
27422746	624	634	effects of	T080	C1704420
27422746	635	637	MS	T109	C1871155
27422746	639	641	AK	T109,T123	C1568221
27422746	647	658	monacolin K	T109,T121	C0024027
27422746	680	682	MS	T109	C1871155
27422746	687	689	AK	T109,T123	C1568221
27422746	698	733	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27422746	735	740	LDL-C	T109,T123	C0023824
27422746	756	792	high-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
27422746	803	805	MS	T109	C1871155
27422746	810	812	AK	T109,T123	C1568221
27422746	813	822	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27422746	823	858	acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase	T116,T126	C0001019
27422746	860	900	microsomal triglyceride transfer protein	T116,T126	C0207079
27422746	906	932	apolipoprotein (apo) B-100	T116,T123	C0205666
27422746	933	943	expression	T045	C1171362
27422746	964	967	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
27422746	968	976	assembly	T044	C0872376
27422746	1000	1003	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
27422746	1006	1025	receptor expression	T045	C0597360
27422746	1040	1049	transport	T043	C0005528
27422746	1053	1058	LDL-C	T109,T123	C0023824
27422746	1066	1071	liver	T023	C0023884
27422746	1076	1086	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27422746	1088	1090	MS	T109	C1871155
27422746	1095	1097	AK	T109,T123	C1568221
27422746	1103	1125	significantly increase	T169	C0442805
27422746	1126	1132	apo A1	T116,T123	C0085201
27422746	1133	1143	expression	T045	C1171362
27422746	1163	1199	high-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
27422746	1211	1219	Monascus	T004	C0997448
27422746	1222	1231	fermented	T044	C0015852
27422746	1232	1234	MS	T109	C1871155
27422746	1239	1241	AK	T109,T123	C1568221
27422746	1246	1253	perform	T169	C0884358
27422746	1254	1276	blood lipid regulation	T043	C1158445
27422746	1285	1296	suppression	T040	C0301625
27422746	1300	1305	LDL-C	T109,T123	C0023824
27422746	1306	1314	assembly	T044	C0872376
27422746	1319	1330	stimulation	T061	C1292856
27422746	1334	1340	apo A1	T116,T123	C0085201
27422746	1341	1351	expression	T045	C1171362
27422746	1355	1360	liver	T023	C0023884

27423282|t|Acoustic Analysis Before and After Voice Therapy for Laryngeal Pathology
27423282|a|Background Voice problems caused by pathologies in vocal folds are well known. Some types of laryngeal pathologies have certain acoustic characteristics. Objective evaluation helps characterize the voice and voice problems providing supporting evidences, severity of disorders. It helps assess the response to the treatment and measures the outcomes. Objective The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the voice therapy and quantify the results objectively by voice parameters. Method Study includes 61 patients who presented with different types of laryngeal pathologies. Acoustic analyses and voice assessment was done with Dr. Speech ver 4 (Tiger DRS Inc.). Acoustic parameters including fundamental frequency, jitters, shimmers, Harmonic to noise ratio (HNR), Normalized noise energy (NNE) were analyzed before and after voice therapy. Result Bilateral vocal nodules were the most common pathologies comprising 44.26%. All acoustic parameters showed a significant difference after the therapy (p<0.05) except for NNE. Dysphonia due to vocal fold polyp showed no improvement even after voice therapy (p>0.05). Conclusion Acoustic analysis provides an objective, recordable data regarding the voice parameters and its pathologies. Though, few pathology require alternative therapy rather than voice therapy, overall it has a good effect on glottic closure. As the voice therapy can improve the different indices of voice, it can be viewed as imperative part of treatment and to monitor progression.
27423282	0	8	Acoustic	T070	C0001166
27423282	9	17	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27423282	35	48	Voice Therapy	T061	C2202690
27423282	53	72	Laryngeal Pathology	T047	C0023051
27423282	84	98	Voice problems	T033	C0260664
27423282	109	120	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27423282	124	135	vocal folds	T033	C0396064
27423282	140	150	well known	T080	C0205309
27423282	166	187	laryngeal pathologies	T047	C0023051
27423282	201	209	acoustic	T070	C0001166
27423282	210	225	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27423282	227	247	Objective evaluation	T058	C0220825
27423282	271	276	voice	T040	C0042939
27423282	281	295	voice problems	T033	C0260664
27423282	317	326	evidences	T169	C0332120
27423282	328	349	severity of disorders	T080	C0392364
27423282	360	366	assess	T058	C0184514
27423282	371	396	response to the treatment	T201	C0521982
27423282	401	422	measures the outcomes	T081	C0086749
27423282	438	460	objective of the study	T078	C2985627
27423282	481	494	effectiveness	T080	C0087113
27423282	502	515	voice therapy	T061	C2202690
27423282	520	528	quantify	T081	C1709793
27423282	533	540	results	T169	C1274040
27423282	556	572	voice parameters	T033	C0449381
27423282	581	586	Study	T062	C2603343
27423282	599	607	patients	T101	C0030705
27423282	627	642	different types	T080	C0332307
27423282	646	667	laryngeal pathologies	T047	C0023051
27423282	669	677	Acoustic	T070	C0001166
27423282	678	686	analyses	T062	C0936012
27423282	691	707	voice assessment	T060	C0846594
27423282	722	738	Dr. Speech ver 4	T170	C0037589
27423282	740	754	Tiger DRS Inc.	T170	C0037589
27423282	757	765	Acoustic	T070	C0001166
27423282	766	776	parameters	T081	C0079809
27423282	787	808	fundamental frequency	T080	C1561548
27423282	810	817	jitters	T033	C4015600
27423282	819	827	shimmers	T170	C0025663
27423282	829	852	Harmonic to noise ratio	T081	C0456603
27423282	854	857	HNR	T081	C0456603
27423282	860	883	Normalized noise energy	T081	C0079809
27423282	885	888	NNE	T081	C0079809
27423282	921	934	voice therapy	T061	C2202690
27423282	936	942	Result	T169	C1274040
27423282	943	952	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
27423282	953	966	vocal nodules	T020	C0028259
27423282	988	999	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27423282	1023	1031	acoustic	T070	C0001166
27423282	1032	1042	parameters	T081	C0079809
27423282	1064	1074	difference	T080	C1705242
27423282	1085	1092	therapy	T061	C0087111
27423282	1113	1116	NNE	T081	C0079809
27423282	1118	1127	Dysphonia	T048	C1527344
27423282	1135	1151	vocal fold polyp	T191	C0042929
27423282	1159	1173	no improvement	T033	C3844714
27423282	1185	1198	voice therapy	T061	C2202690
27423282	1220	1228	Acoustic	T070	C0001166
27423282	1229	1237	analysis	T062	C0936012
27423282	1250	1259	objective	T170	C3839803
27423282	1261	1276	recordable data	T170	C0242193
27423282	1291	1307	voice parameters	T033	C0449381
27423282	1316	1327	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27423282	1341	1350	pathology	T091	C0030664
27423282	1359	1378	alternative therapy	T061	C0949216
27423282	1391	1404	voice therapy	T061	C2202690
27423282	1423	1434	good effect	T033	C0541990
27423282	1438	1453	glottic closure	T042	C0232052
27423282	1462	1475	voice therapy	T061	C2202690
27423282	1492	1509	different indices	T078	C0010439
27423282	1513	1518	voice	T040	C0042939
27423282	1540	1555	imperative part	T080	C3898777
27423282	1559	1568	treatment	T061	C0087111
27423282	1576	1583	monitor	T058	C0150369
27423282	1584	1595	progression	T169	C0449258

27423415|t|MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the identification of lactic acid bacteria isolated from a French cheese: The Maroilles
27423415|a|In this study we identified the culturable population of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from a French cheese Maroilles made either with raw or pasteurized milk using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). Samples from rind and heart of Maroilles cheese were used, the LAB were selected on MRS agar at 30°C and 197 Gram-positive and catalase-negative strains were subjected to identification by MALDI-TOF MS profiling. All strains were unambiguously identified: 105 strains from Maroilles made with raw milk (38 on the rind and 67 in the heart) and 92 strains from Maroilles made with pasteurized milk (39 on the rind and 53 in the heart). MALDI-TOF MS identification allowed identification of three genera belonging to LAB including Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Leuconostoc. Lactobacillus was the most represented genus with seven species: Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum), L. paracasei, L. curvatus, L. rhamnosus, L. fructivorans, L. parabuchneri, L. brevis found in Maroilles made with both kind of milk. The correlation between the 16S rDNA -based identification performed on selected strains and those obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS demonstrates that this fast, economically affordable, robust and reliable method for bacteria characterisation stands as an attractive alternative to the commonly-used methods and its application in food industry is discussed.
27423415	0	27	MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry	T062	C1518101
27423415	36	50	identification	T080	C0205396
27423415	54	74	lactic acid bacteria	T007	C0678170
27423415	75	83	isolated	T169	C0205409
27423415	91	104	French cheese	T168	C0007968
27423415	110	119	Maroilles	T168	C0007968
27423415	128	133	study	T062	C2603343
27423415	137	147	identified	T080	C0205396
27423415	152	162	culturable	T059	C0430400
27423415	163	173	population	T098	C1257890
27423415	177	187	mesophilic	T080	C0205556
27423415	188	208	lactic acid bacteria	T007	C0678170
27423415	210	213	LAB	T007	C0678170
27423415	222	245	French cheese Maroilles	T168	C0007968
27423415	263	266	raw	T167	C1442323
27423415	270	286	pasteurized milk	T168	C3687546
27423415	293	320	MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry	T062	C1518101
27423415	322	324	MS	T059	C0037813
27423415	327	334	Samples	T167	C0370003
27423415	340	344	rind	T082	C1254362
27423415	349	354	heart	T082	C1254362
27423415	358	374	Maroilles cheese	T168	C0007968
27423415	390	393	LAB	T007	C0678170
27423415	411	419	MRS agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
27423415	436	449	Gram-positive	T034	C0855278
27423415	454	471	catalase-negative	T044	C3822681
27423415	472	479	strains	T080	C0456178
27423415	498	512	identification	T080	C0205396
27423415	516	528	MALDI-TOF MS	T062	C1518101
27423415	529	538	profiling	T169	C2003903
27423415	544	551	strains	T080	C0456178
27423415	571	581	identified	T080	C0205396
27423415	587	594	strains	T080	C0456178
27423415	600	609	Maroilles	T168	C0007968
27423415	620	628	raw milk	T167	C1442323
27423415	640	644	rind	T082	C1254362
27423415	659	664	heart	T082	C1254362
27423415	673	680	strains	T080	C0456178
27423415	686	695	Maroilles	T168	C0007968
27423415	706	722	pasteurized milk	T168	C3687546
27423415	734	738	rind	T082	C1254362
27423415	753	758	heart	T082	C1254362
27423415	761	773	MALDI-TOF MS	T062	C1518101
27423415	774	788	identification	T080	C0205396
27423415	797	811	identification	T080	C0205396
27423415	815	820	three	T081	C0205449
27423415	821	827	genera	T185	C0008902
27423415	841	844	LAB	T007	C0678170
27423415	855	868	Lactobacillus	T007	C0022938
27423415	870	882	Enterococcus	T007	C0085494
27423415	887	898	Leuconostoc	T007	C0023411
27423415	900	913	Lactobacillus	T007	C0022938
27423415	939	944	genus	T185	C1708235
27423415	950	955	seven	T081	C0205453
27423415	956	963	species	T185	C1705920
27423415	965	988	Lactobacillus plantarum	T007	C0317608
27423415	990	1002	L. plantarum	T007	C0317608
27423415	1005	1017	L. paracasei	T007	C1080735
27423415	1019	1030	L. curvatus	T007	C0317598
27423415	1032	1044	L. rhamnosus	T007	C0317597
27423415	1046	1061	L. fructivorans	T007	C0317607
27423415	1063	1078	L. parabuchneri	T007	C1072848
27423415	1080	1089	L. brevis	T007	C0317604
27423415	1099	1108	Maroilles	T168	C0007968
27423415	1132	1136	milk	T168	C2825079
27423415	1142	1153	correlation	T080	C1707520
27423415	1166	1174	16S rDNA	T114,T123	C0012933
27423415	1182	1196	identification	T080	C0205396
27423415	1219	1226	strains	T080	C0456178
27423415	1249	1261	MALDI-TOF-MS	T062	C1518101
27423415	1316	1322	robust	T080	C2986815
27423415	1327	1335	reliable	T170	C3858758
27423415	1336	1342	method	T170	C0025663
27423415	1347	1355	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27423415	1356	1372	characterisation	T052	C1880022
27423415	1430	1437	methods	T170	C0025663
27423415	1461	1474	food industry	T057	C0524863

27423449|t|Is there a role for surgical resection in patients with pancreatic cancer with liver metastases responding to chemotherapy?
27423449|a|New chemotherapeutic regimens have improved survival for stage IV pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and occasionally major response of liver metastases can be observed. Aim of this work is to analyze the outcomes of patients undergoing primary chemotherapy for liver metastases from pancreatic cancer and to evaluate the results of surgical resection. Retrospective analysis. patients with extra-hepatic metastases, patients with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≥3, patients undergoing supportive care alone. 127 patients were identified. Liver metastases were unilobar in 28.5% of patients. Chemotherapy regimens included gemcitabine alone or in association with other agents (44%), oxaliplatin, irinotecan, fluorouracil and leucovorin (FOLFIRINOX 8%), and cisplatin, gemcitabine plus capecitabine and epirubicin (PEXG) or capecitabine and docetaxel (PDXG) or epirubicin and fluorouracil (PEFG) (48%). 56 patients (44%) had a complete (7%) or partial response (37%). surgical resection was carried out in 11 patients (8.5%). Median overall survival was 11 months for the entire cohort and 15 months for those with partial / complete response. In this sub-group median survival was significantly longer (46 versus 11 months) for patients undergoing resection (P < 0.0001). Independent predictors of overall survival were chemotherapy with multiple agents (HR: 0.512), surgical resection (HR: 0.360), >5 liver metastases at diagnosis (HR: 3.515), and CA 19.9 reduction < 50% of baseline value (HR: 2.708). Surgical resection of primary pancreatic tumor with or without residual liver disease can be considered in selected cases after primary chemotherapy and it is associated with improved survival.
27423449	11	15	role	T077	C1705810
27423449	20	38	surgical resection	T061	C0728940
27423449	42	50	patients	T101	C0030705
27423449	56	73	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0030297
27423449	79	95	liver metastases	T191	C0494165
27423449	110	122	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27423449	124	127	New	T080	C0205314
27423449	128	153	chemotherapeutic regimens	T061	C0392920
27423449	168	176	survival	T169	C0220921
27423449	181	189	stage IV	T170	C0441772
27423449	190	222	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
27423449	246	254	response	T033	C1704632
27423449	258	274	liver metastases	T191	C0494165
27423449	327	335	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27423449	339	347	patients	T101	C0030705
27423449	359	366	primary	T080	C0205225
27423449	367	379	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27423449	384	400	liver metastases	T191	C0494165
27423449	406	423	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0030297
27423449	431	439	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27423449	444	451	results	T034	C0456984
27423449	455	473	surgical resection	T061	C0728940
27423449	475	497	Retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
27423449	499	507	patients	T101	C0030705
27423449	513	526	extra-hepatic	T029	C0205054
27423449	527	537	metastases	T191	C0027627
27423449	539	547	patients	T101	C0030705
27423449	553	606	Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status	T201	C1520224
27423449	611	619	patients	T101	C0030705
27423449	631	646	supportive care	T061	C0344211
27423449	658	666	patients	T101	C0030705
27423449	684	700	Liver metastases	T191	C0494165
27423449	727	735	patients	T101	C0030705
27423449	737	758	Chemotherapy regimens	T061	C0392920
27423449	768	779	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27423449	792	808	association with	T080	C0332281
27423449	815	821	agents	T120	C0450442
27423449	829	840	oxaliplatin	T109,T121	C0069717
27423449	842	852	irinotecan	T109,T121	C0123931
27423449	854	866	fluorouracil	T114,T121	C0016360
27423449	871	881	leucovorin	T109,T121,T127	C0023413
27423449	883	893	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27423449	903	912	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27423449	914	925	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27423449	931	943	capecitabine	T114,T121	C0671970
27423449	948	958	epirubicin	T109,T121	C0014582
27423449	960	964	PEXG	T061	C0392920
27423449	969	981	capecitabine	T114,T121	C0671970
27423449	986	995	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27423449	997	1001	PDXG	T061	C0392920
27423449	1006	1016	epirubicin	T109,T121	C0014582
27423449	1021	1033	fluorouracil	T114,T121	C0016360
27423449	1035	1039	PEFG	T061	C0392920
27423449	1051	1059	patients	T101	C0030705
27423449	1072	1080	complete	T080	C0205197
27423449	1089	1096	partial	T081	C0728938
27423449	1097	1105	response	T033	C1704632
27423449	1113	1131	surgical resection	T061	C0728940
27423449	1154	1162	patients	T101	C0030705
27423449	1171	1177	Median	T081	C0876920
27423449	1178	1185	overall	T080	C1561607
27423449	1186	1194	survival	T169	C0220921
27423449	1202	1208	months	T079	C0439231
27423449	1224	1230	cohort	T098	C0599755
27423449	1238	1244	months	T079	C0439231
27423449	1260	1267	partial	T081	C0728938
27423449	1270	1278	complete	T080	C0205197
27423449	1279	1287	response	T033	C1704632
27423449	1297	1306	sub-group	T185	C1515021
27423449	1307	1313	median	T081	C0876920
27423449	1314	1322	survival	T169	C0220921
27423449	1327	1340	significantly	T078	C0750502
27423449	1362	1368	months	T079	C0439231
27423449	1374	1382	patients	T101	C0030705
27423449	1394	1403	resection	T061	C0728940
27423449	1418	1429	Independent	T078	C0085862
27423449	1430	1440	predictors	T078	C2698872
27423449	1444	1451	overall	T080	C1561607
27423449	1452	1460	survival	T169	C0220921
27423449	1466	1478	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27423449	1484	1492	multiple	T081	C0439064
27423449	1493	1499	agents	T120	C0450442
27423449	1501	1503	HR	T081	C2985465
27423449	1513	1531	surgical resection	T061	C0728940
27423449	1533	1535	HR	T081	C2985465
27423449	1548	1564	liver metastases	T191	C0494165
27423449	1568	1577	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27423449	1579	1581	HR	T081	C2985465
27423449	1595	1602	CA 19.9	T059	C0201551
27423449	1603	1612	reduction	T080	C0392756
27423449	1622	1636	baseline value	T081	C1442488
27423449	1638	1640	HR	T081	C2985465
27423449	1650	1668	Surgical resection	T061	C0728940
27423449	1672	1679	primary	T080	C0205225
27423449	1680	1696	pancreatic tumor	T191	C0030297
27423449	1713	1721	residual	T080	C1609982
27423449	1722	1735	liver disease	T047	C0023895
27423449	1778	1785	primary	T080	C0205225
27423449	1786	1798	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27423449	1809	1824	associated with	T080	C0332281
27423449	1825	1833	improved	T033	C0184511
27423449	1834	1842	survival	T169	C0220921

27424514|t|Applying a participatory approach to the promotion of a culture of respect during childbirth
27424514|a|Disrespect and abuse (D&A) during facility-based childbirth is a topic of growing concern and attention globally. Several recent studies have sought to quantify the prevalence of D&A, however little evidence exists about effective interventions to mitigate disrespect and abuse, and promote respectful maternity care. In an accompanying article, we describe the process of selecting, implementing, and evaluating a package of interventions designed to prevent and reduce disrespect and abuse in a large urban hospital in Tanzania. Though that study was not powered to detect a definitive impact on reducing D&A, the results showed important changes in intermediate outcomes associated with this goal. In this commentary, we describe the factors that enabled this effect, especially the participatory approach we adopted to engage key stakeholders throughout the planning and implementation of the program. Based on our experience and findings, we conclude that a visible, sustained, and participatory intervention process; committed facility leadership; management support; and staff engagement throughout the project contributed to a marked change in the culture of the hospital to one that values and promotes respectful maternity care. For these changes to translate into dignified care during childbirth for all women in a sustainable fashion, institutional commitment to providing the necessary resources and staff will be needed.
27424514	11	33	participatory approach	UnknownType	C0680832
27424514	56	74	culture of respect	T054	C0679133
27424514	82	92	childbirth	T040	C1148523
27424514	93	103	Disrespect	UnknownType	C0680247
27424514	108	113	abuse	T051	C1546935
27424514	115	118	D&A	T054	C0037397
27424514	127	141	facility-based	T073	C1547538
27424514	142	152	childbirth	T040	C1148523
27424514	222	229	studies	T062	C2603343
27424514	258	268	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27424514	272	275	D&A	T054	C0037397
27424514	292	300	evidence	T078	C3887511
27424514	314	323	effective	T080	C1280500
27424514	324	337	interventions	T058	C1273869
27424514	350	360	disrespect	UnknownType	C0680247
27424514	365	370	abuse	T051	C1546935
27424514	395	409	maternity care	T058	C0374764
27424514	466	475	selecting	T052	C1707391
27424514	477	489	implementing	T052	C1708476
27424514	495	505	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27424514	519	532	interventions	T058	C1273869
27424514	564	574	disrespect	UnknownType	C0680247
27424514	579	584	abuse	T051	C1546935
27424514	596	610	urban hospital	T093	C0020029
27424514	614	622	Tanzania	T083	C0039298
27424514	636	641	study	T062	C2603343
27424514	661	667	detect	T033	C0442726
27424514	670	680	definitive	T079	C0443196
27424514	681	687	impact	T080	C4049986
27424514	700	703	D&A	T054	C0037397
27424514	709	716	results	T169	C1274040
27424514	724	733	important	T080	C3898777
27424514	758	766	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27424514	767	782	associated with	T080	C0332281
27424514	788	792	goal	T170	C0018017
27424514	830	837	factors	T169	C1521761
27424514	856	862	effect	T080	C1280500
27424514	879	901	participatory approach	UnknownType	C0680832
27424514	955	963	planning	T041	C0032074
27424514	968	982	implementation	T052	C1708476
27424514	990	997	program	T169	C3484370
27424514	1065	1074	sustained	T169	C0443318
27424514	1080	1114	participatory intervention process	T058	C1273869
27424514	1126	1134	facility	T073,T093	C0018704
27424514	1135	1145	leadership	T054	C0023181
27424514	1147	1165	management support	T090	C0401775
27424514	1171	1187	staff engagement	T057	C0282110
27424514	1203	1210	project	T077	C1709701
27424514	1211	1222	contributed	T052	C1880177
27424514	1249	1256	culture	T169	C0220814
27424514	1264	1272	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27424514	1296	1304	promotes	T052	C0033414
27424514	1316	1330	maternity care	T058	C0374764
27424514	1368	1382	dignified care	T052	C1947933
27424514	1390	1400	childbirth	T040	C1148523
27424514	1409	1414	women	T098	C0043210
27424514	1441	1454	institutional	T093	C2607850
27424514	1455	1465	commitment	T079	C0013320
27424514	1493	1502	resources	T078	C0035201
27424514	1507	1512	staff	T097	C0851286

27425447|t|Triterpenoids from the stems of Tripterygium regelii
27425447|a|Three new triterpenoids, triregelolides A, B (1, 2), and triregeloic acid (3), were isolated from the stems of Tripterygium regelii along with twenty known triterpene analogues (4-23). The structures of three new compounds were identified by analyzing their NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS data. Compounds 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 17, 21-23 were isolated from T. regelii for the first time. Compounds 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 14 and 16 showed inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells MCF-7 by 24.1%, 69.6%, 72.8%, 21.6%, 23.1%, 43.3%, 25.5% and 23.5% (p<0.05) at a concentration of 10μM, respectively.
27425447	0	13	Triterpenoids	T109	C1519655
27425447	23	28	stems	T002	C0242767
27425447	32	52	Tripterygium regelii	T002	C1059497
27425447	63	76	triterpenoids	T109	C1519655
27425447	78	92	triregelolides	T109	C1519655
27425447	110	126	triregeloic acid	T109	C1519655
27425447	137	145	isolated	T169	C0205409
27425447	155	160	stems	T002	C0242767
27425447	164	184	Tripterygium regelii	T002	C1059497
27425447	209	219	triterpene	T109	C0041113
27425447	220	229	analogues	T104	C0002776
27425447	266	275	compounds	T109	C0041113
27425447	311	328	NMR spectroscopic	T060	C0877853
27425447	333	340	HRESIMS	T059	C0596495
27425447	347	356	Compounds	T109	C0041113
27425447	357	358	4	T109	C0041113
27425447	360	361	7	T109	C0041113
27425447	363	364	8	T109	C0041113
27425447	366	368	10	T109	C0041113
27425447	370	372	13	T109	C0041113
27425447	374	376	14	T109	C0041113
27425447	378	380	17	T109	C0041113
27425447	382	387	21-23	T109	C0041113
27425447	393	401	isolated	T169	C0205409
27425447	407	417	T. regelii	T002	C1059497
27425447	438	447	Compounds	T109	C1519655
27425447	448	449	3	T109	C1519655
27425447	451	452	5	T109	C0041113
27425447	454	455	6	T109	C0041113
27425447	457	458	8	T109	C0041113
27425447	460	461	9	T109	C0041113
27425447	463	465	10	T109	C0041113
27425447	467	469	14	T109	C0041113
27425447	474	476	16	T109	C0041113
27425447	484	523	inhibitory effects on the proliferation	T043	C1156236
27425447	527	552	human breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27425447	553	558	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
27425447	634	647	concentration	T081	C0392762

27426278|t|Prevalence and Self-recognition of Chronic Constipation: Results of an Internet Survey
27426278|a|Although chronic constipation is a common symptom, to date no international consensus has been reached regarding its definition. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate defecation habits and (2) to examine the prevalence of constipation using the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine (JSIM) and the Rome III criteria using an online survey. An online questionnaire composed of items on the frequency, interval, form of defecation, the management, and self-recognition of constipation (reference standard of constipation) was created. A total of 5155 valid responses were received. In addition, constipation symptoms were evaluated through a survey using the JSIM and the Rome III criteria. In the internet survey, 28.4% of the respondents considered themselves to be constipated. Stratified by sex, significantly more females (37.5%) than males (19.1%) considered themselves to be constipated (P < 0.001). The prevalence of constipation among the respondents was 28.0% using the Rome III, but only 10.1% using the JSIM. The diagnostic accuracy was 73.2% for the Rome III and 78.1% for the JSIM, while the diagnostic specificity was 81.1% for the Rome III and 97.5% for the JSIM. However, the diagnostic sensitivities for both measures were low, at 52.2% and 29.2% for the Rome III and the JSIM, respectively. The online survey developed for this study was able to provide clarification regarding defecation patterns. The results also suggest a discrepancy between the self-recognized prevalence of constipation in Japan and prevalence of constipation based on the JSIM criteria.
27426278	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27426278	15	31	Self-recognition	T041	C0524637
27426278	35	55	Chronic Constipation	T184	C0401149
27426278	71	86	Internet Survey	T170	C0038951
27426278	96	116	chronic constipation	T184	C0401149
27426278	129	136	symptom	T184	C1457887
27426278	149	162	international	T078	C1512888
27426278	163	172	consensus	T054	C0376298
27426278	233	238	study	T062	C2603343
27426278	251	262	investigate	T169	C1292732
27426278	263	273	defecation	T040	C0011135
27426278	274	280	habits	T055	C0018464
27426278	304	314	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27426278	318	330	constipation	T184	C0009806
27426278	341	378	Japanese Society of Internal Medicine	T093	C1708333
27426278	380	384	JSIM	T093	C1708333
27426278	394	411	Rome III criteria	T170	C0282574
27426278	421	434	online survey	T170	C0038951
27426278	446	459	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27426278	485	494	frequency	T079	C0439603
27426278	496	504	interval	T079	C1272706
27426278	514	524	defecation	T040	C0011135
27426278	530	540	management	T057	C1273870
27426278	546	562	self-recognition	T041	C0524637
27426278	566	578	constipation	T184	C0009806
27426278	580	598	reference standard	T081	C0034925
27426278	602	614	constipation	T184	C0009806
27426278	651	660	responses	T170	C1706817
27426278	689	701	constipation	T184	C0009806
27426278	702	710	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27426278	716	725	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27426278	736	742	survey	T170	C0038951
27426278	753	757	JSIM	T093	C1708333
27426278	766	783	Rome III criteria	T170	C0282574
27426278	792	807	internet survey	T170	C0038951
27426278	822	833	respondents	T098	C0282122
27426278	862	873	constipated	T184	C0009806
27426278	875	885	Stratified	T080	C0205363
27426278	889	892	sex	T032	C0079399
27426278	913	920	females	T032	C0086287
27426278	934	939	males	T032	C0086582
27426278	976	987	constipated	T184	C0009806
27426278	1005	1015	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27426278	1019	1031	constipation	T184	C0009806
27426278	1042	1053	respondents	T098	C0282122
27426278	1074	1082	Rome III	T170	C0282574
27426278	1109	1113	JSIM	T093	C1708333
27426278	1119	1138	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
27426278	1157	1165	Rome III	T170	C0282574
27426278	1184	1188	JSIM	T093	C1708333
27426278	1200	1222	diagnostic specificity	T081	C1511884
27426278	1241	1249	Rome III	T170	C0282574
27426278	1268	1272	JSIM	T093	C1708333
27426278	1287	1311	diagnostic sensitivities	T081	C1511883
27426278	1321	1329	measures	T081	C0079809
27426278	1367	1375	Rome III	T170	C0282574
27426278	1384	1388	JSIM	T093	C1708333
27426278	1408	1421	online survey	T170	C0038951
27426278	1441	1446	study	T062	C2603343
27426278	1467	1480	clarification	T052	C2986669
27426278	1491	1501	defecation	T040	C0011135
27426278	1502	1510	patterns	T055	C0018464
27426278	1539	1550	discrepancy	T033	C1290905
27426278	1563	1578	self-recognized	T041	C0524637
27426278	1579	1589	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27426278	1593	1605	constipation	T184	C0009806
27426278	1609	1614	Japan	T083	C0022341
27426278	1619	1629	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27426278	1633	1645	constipation	T184	C0009806
27426278	1659	1663	JSIM	T093	C1708333

27426713|t|Development of Community Based Learning and Education system within Undergraduate Medical Curriculum of Patan Academy of Health Sciences
27426713|a|In response to continuing health disparities between rural and urban population, Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) was established in 2008. It aimed to produce physicians who would be able and willing to serve in the rural areas. In order to empower them with understanding and tools to address health issues of rural population, an innovative curriculum was developed. This paper aims to describe the community based learning and education (CBLE) system within the overall framework of PAHS undergraduate medical curriculum. A Medical School Steering Committee (MSSC) comprising of a group of committed medical educators led the curriculum development process. The committee reviewed different medical curricula, relevant literatures, and held a series of consultative meetings with the stakeholders and experts within and outside Nepal. This process resulted in defining the desirable attributes, terminal competencies of the graduates, and then the actual development of the entire curriculum including CBLE. Given the critical importance of population health, 25% of the curricular weightage was allocated to the Community Health Sciences (CHS). CBLE system was developed as the primary means of delivering CHS curriculum. The details of CBLE system was finalized for implementation with the first cohort of medical students commencing their studies from June 2010. The CBLE, a key educational strategy of PAHS curriculum, is envisaged to improve retention and performance of PAHS graduates and, thereby, health status of rural population. However, whether or not that goal will be achieved needs to be verified after the graduates join the health system.
27426713	15	24	Community	T096	C0009462
27426713	31	39	Learning	T041	C0023185
27426713	44	53	Education	T065	C0013621
27426713	54	60	system	T169	C0449913
27426713	68	89	Undergraduate Medical	T065	C0013634
27426713	90	100	Curriculum	T170	C0010478
27426713	104	136	Patan Academy of Health Sciences	T092	C1561598
27426713	163	181	health disparities	T033	C1171307
27426713	190	195	rural	T098	C0035962
27426713	200	216	urban population	T098	C0041935
27426713	218	250	Patan Academy of Health Sciences	T092	C1561598
27426713	252	256	PAHS	T092	C1561598
27426713	303	313	physicians	T097	C0031831
27426713	360	371	rural areas	T082	C0178837
27426713	385	392	empower	T041	C0562342
27426713	438	451	health issues	T033	C4060919
27426713	455	471	rural population	T098	C0035962
27426713	476	497	innovative curriculum	T170	C0010478
27426713	545	597	community based learning and education (CBLE) system	T169	C0449913
27426713	630	634	PAHS	T092	C1561598
27426713	635	656	undergraduate medical	T065	C0013634
27426713	657	667	curriculum	T170	C0010478
27426713	671	704	Medical School Steering Committee	T096	C2699414
27426713	706	710	MSSC	T096	C2699414
27426713	728	733	group	T078	C0441833
27426713	747	754	medical	T169	C0205476
27426713	755	764	educators	T097	C0259853
27426713	773	783	curriculum	T170	C0010478
27426713	784	803	development process	T067	C1522240
27426713	809	818	committee	T096	C2699414
27426713	838	855	medical curricula	T170	C0010478
27426713	857	877	relevant literatures	T170	C0023866
27426713	900	921	consultative meetings	T052	C0556656
27426713	975	980	Nepal	T083	C0027689
27426713	1042	1063	terminal competencies	T080	C0086035
27426713	1071	1080	graduates	T098	C0588053
27426713	1128	1138	curriculum	T170	C0010478
27426713	1149	1153	CBLE	T169	C0449913
27426713	1165	1184	critical importance	T080	C3898777
27426713	1188	1205	population health	T058	C3242284
27426713	1218	1228	curricular	T170	C0010478
27426713	1260	1285	Community Health Sciences	T058	C1254363
27426713	1287	1290	CHS	T058	C1254363
27426713	1293	1297	CBLE	T169	C0449913
27426713	1354	1357	CHS	T058	C1254363
27426713	1358	1368	curriculum	T170	C0010478
27426713	1385	1396	CBLE system	T169	C0449913
27426713	1415	1429	implementation	T052	C1708476
27426713	1445	1451	cohort	T098	C0599755
27426713	1455	1471	medical students	T097	C0038495
27426713	1489	1496	studies	T062	C2603343
27426713	1502	1506	June	T079	C3829443
27426713	1517	1521	CBLE	T169	C0449913
27426713	1525	1549	key educational strategy	T041	C0679199
27426713	1553	1557	PAHS	T092	C1561598
27426713	1558	1568	curriculum	T170	C0010478
27426713	1586	1593	improve	T033	C0184511
27426713	1608	1619	performance	T055	C0597198
27426713	1623	1627	PAHS	T092	C1561598
27426713	1628	1637	graduates	T098	C0588053
27426713	1652	1665	health status	T080	C0018759
27426713	1669	1685	rural population	T098	C0035962
27426713	1716	1720	goal	T170	C0018017
27426713	1769	1778	graduates	T098	C0588053
27426713	1788	1801	health system	T064	C1456613

27426888|t|Antihypertensive medicines utilization: A decade-long nationwide study of octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians
27426888|a|Gaining an insight into the utilization of antihypertensive medicines against a background of evolving hypertension treatment guidelines that might not be relevant to the oldest old is important. The aim of the present study was to characterize the overall trends in the utilization of antihypertensive medicines in the oldest old by therapeutic class and chemical type, stratified by age and sex over a decade. Antihypertensive medicines utilization was examined using the therapeutic and chemical groups based on the World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Drug Statistics Mythology's Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system for all individuals aged ≥80 years. Regression and repeated cross-sectional analyses was carried out, and defined daily dose was used to describe the utilization per thousand older people per day. Utilization of antihypertensive medicines increased over the decade from 187.28 in 2005 to 205.01 defined daily dose per thousand older people per day in 2014, and shifted from mainly diuretics to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Interestingly, with the exception of diuretics, utilization of all medicines decreased gradually with increasing age. Single products use increased by 1.48-fold in 2014 compared with 2005, and for fixed-dose combinations the increase was 1.41-fold for the same period. The increased utilization of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is consistent with recommendations from cardiovascular guidelines formulated from large randomized control trials that often exclude the oldest old. Interestingly, the utilization of beta-blockers decreased and diuretics increased in centenarians. The utilization of calcium channel blockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors across the study period increased in all age categories. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; ••: ••-••.
27426888	0	26	Antihypertensive medicines	T121	C0003364
27426888	27	38	utilization	T169	C0042153
27426888	74	87	octogenarians	T100	C0028829
27426888	89	102	nonagenarians	T100	C0028296
27426888	107	119	centenarians	T100	C0007667
27426888	148	159	utilization	T169	C0042153
27426888	163	189	antihypertensive medicines	T121	C0003364
27426888	223	245	hypertension treatment	T058	C0578998
27426888	246	256	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27426888	291	301	oldest old	T100	C0001795
27426888	320	323	aim	T078	C1947946
27426888	369	383	overall trends	T079	C1521798
27426888	391	402	utilization	T169	C0042153
27426888	406	432	antihypertensive medicines	T121	C0003364
27426888	440	450	oldest old	T100	C0001795
27426888	454	471	therapeutic class	T170	C3858838
27426888	476	489	chemical type	T080	C0332307
27426888	505	508	age	T032	C0001779
27426888	513	516	sex	T032	C1522384
27426888	532	558	Antihypertensive medicines	T121	C0003364
27426888	559	570	utilization	T169	C0042153
27426888	594	605	therapeutic	T061	C1527374
27426888	610	625	chemical groups	T104	C0596316
27426888	639	717	World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Drug Statistics Mythology's	T093	C0043237
27426888	718	771	Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system	T185	C0008902
27426888	780	791	individuals	T098	C0237401
27426888	797	806	≥80 years	T100	C0001795
27426888	808	818	Regression	T170	C0034980
27426888	832	856	cross-sectional analyses	T062	C0010362
27426888	886	896	daily dose	T081	C2348070
27426888	922	933	utilization	T169	C0042153
27426888	947	959	older people	T098	C3826770
27426888	969	980	Utilization	T169	C0042153
27426888	984	1010	antihypertensive medicines	T121	C0003364
27426888	1011	1020	increased	T081	C0205217
27426888	1075	1085	daily dose	T081	C2348070
27426888	1099	1111	older people	T098	C3826770
27426888	1153	1162	diuretics	T121	C0012798
27426888	1166	1206	angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors	T121	C0003015
27426888	1245	1254	diuretics	T121	C0012798
27426888	1256	1267	utilization	T169	C0042153
27426888	1275	1284	medicines	T121	C0013227
27426888	1285	1294	decreased	T081	C0205216
27426888	1321	1324	age	T032	C0001779
27426888	1346	1355	increased	T081	C0205217
27426888	1433	1441	increase	T169	C0442805
27426888	1481	1490	increased	T081	C0205217
27426888	1491	1502	utilization	T169	C0042153
27426888	1506	1546	angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors	T121	C0003015
27426888	1566	1581	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27426888	1587	1601	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27426888	1602	1612	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27426888	1635	1660	randomized control trials	T062	C0206035
27426888	1684	1694	oldest old	T100	C0001795
27426888	1715	1726	utilization	T169	C0042153
27426888	1730	1743	beta-blockers	T121	C0001645
27426888	1744	1753	decreased	T081	C0205216
27426888	1758	1767	diuretics	T121	C0012798
27426888	1768	1777	increased	T081	C0205217
27426888	1781	1793	centenarians	T100	C0007667
27426888	1799	1810	utilization	T169	C0042153
27426888	1814	1838	calcium channel blockers	T121	C0006684
27426888	1843	1883	angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors	T121	C0003015
27426888	1908	1917	increased	T081	C0205217
27426888	1925	1928	age	T032	C0001779

27427129|t|Incidence of environmental and genetic factors causing congenital cataract in Children of Lahore
27427129|a|To check the incidence of environmental and genetic factors causing congenital cataract in infants. The descriptive study was conducted at Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent Trust, Lahore, Pakistan, from October 2013 to April 2014, and comprised children under 15 years of age who had rubella syndrome, herpes simplex, birth trauma, trisomy 21, Nance-Horan syndrome or Lowe's syndrome. Of the 38,000 cases examined, 120(0.3%) patients were diagnosed with congenital cataract. Of them, 52(43.33%)were aged between 2 and 5 years ,22(18.33%) <11 years and 10(8.33%) ?15 years. Bilateral congenital cataract was observed in 91(75.83%) patients and unilateral congenital cataract in 29(24.17%). Environmental factors caused 72(62.07%) cases and genetic factors caused 44(37.93%).. Congenital cataract predominated in boys compared to girls. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy requires specific technology, as well as long-term and permanent care ..
27427129	0	9	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27427129	13	26	environmental	T080	C0686732
27427129	31	46	genetic factors	T080	C0814299
27427129	55	74	congenital cataract	T019	C0009691
27427129	78	86	Children	T100	C0008059
27427129	90	96	Lahore	UnknownType	C0681784
27427129	110	119	incidence	T081	C0021149
27427129	123	136	environmental	T080	C0686732
27427129	141	156	genetic factors	T080	C0814299
27427129	165	184	congenital cataract	T019	C0009691
27427129	188	195	infants	T100	C0021270
27427129	201	218	descriptive study	T062	C0008972
27427129	236	271	Layton Rahmatullah Benevolent Trust	T093	C1708333
27427129	273	279	Lahore	UnknownType	C0681784
27427129	281	289	Pakistan	T083	C0030211
27427129	338	346	children	T100	C0008059
27427129	356	361	years	T079	C1510829
27427129	365	368	age	T032	C0001779
27427129	377	393	rubella syndrome	T047	C0748452
27427129	395	409	herpes simplex	T047	C0019348
27427129	411	423	birth trauma	T033	C2145877
27427129	425	435	trisomy 21	T049	C3537167
27427129	437	457	Nance-Horan syndrome	T047	C0796085
27427129	461	476	Lowe's syndrome	T047	C0028860
27427129	492	497	cases	T081	C0021149
27427129	518	526	patients	T101	C0030705
27427129	532	541	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27427129	547	566	congenital cataract	T019	C0009691
27427129	592	596	aged	T032	C0001779
27427129	613	618	years	T079	C1510829
27427129	635	640	years	T079	C1510829
27427129	659	664	years	T079	C1510829
27427129	666	695	Bilateral congenital cataract	T047	C3277059
27427129	723	731	patients	T101	C0030705
27427129	736	766	unilateral congenital cataract	T047	C3640028
27427129	782	803	Environmental factors	T080	C0686732
27427129	822	827	cases	T081	C0021149
27427129	832	847	genetic factors	T080	C0814299
27427129	868	887	Congenital cataract	T019	C0009691
27427129	888	900	predominated	T080	C0332251
27427129	904	908	boys	T100	C0870221
27427129	921	926	girls	T100	C0870604
27427129	934	943	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27427129	957	964	therapy	T061	C0087111
27427129	983	993	technology	T090	C0039421
27427129	1006	1015	long-term	T079	C0443252
27427129	1020	1029	permanent	T079	C0205355
27427129	1030	1034	care	T052	C1947933

27427386|t|Biochemical evidence for a mitochondrial genetic modifier in the phenotypic manifestation of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy -associated mitochondrial DNA mutation
27427386|a|Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the most common mitochondrial disease. Mitochondrial modifiers are proposed to modify the phenotypic expression of primary LHON -associated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. In this study, we demonstrated that the LHON susceptibility allele (m.14502T > C, p. 58I > V) in the ND6 gene modulated the phenotypic expression of primary LHON -associated m.11778G > A mutation. Twenty-two Han Chinese pedigrees carrying m.14502T > C and m.11778G > A mutations exhibited significantly higher penetrance of optic neuropathy than those carrying only m.11778G > A mutation. We performed functional assays using the cybrid cell models, generated by fusing mtDNA-less ρ(o) cells with enucleated cells from LHON patients carrying both m.11778G > A and m.14502T > C mutations, only m.14502T > C or m.11778G > A mutation and a control belonging to the same mtDNA haplogroup. These cybrids cell lines bearing m.14502T > C mutation exhibited mild effects on mitochondrial functions compared with those carrying only m.11778G > A mutation. However, more severe mitochondrial dysfunctions were observed in cell lines bearing both m.14502T > C and m.11778G > A mutations than those carrying only m.11778G > A or m.14502T > C mutation. In particular, the m.14502T > C mutation altered assemble of complex I, thereby aggravating the respiratory phenotypes associated with m.11778G > A mutation, resulted in a more defective complex I. Furthermore, more reductions in the levels of mitochondrial ATP and increasing production of reactive oxygen species were also observed in mutant cells bearing both m.14502T > C and m.11778G > A mutation than those carrying only 11778G > A mutation. Our findings provided new insights into the pathophysiology of LHON that were manifested by interaction between primary and secondary mtDNA mutations.
27427386	0	11	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
27427386	27	40	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27427386	41	48	genetic	T169	C0314603
27427386	49	57	modifier	T028	C3178895
27427386	65	75	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27427386	76	89	manifestation	T169	C0205319
27427386	93	128	Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy	T047	C0917796
27427386	141	167	mitochondrial DNA mutation	T019	C0948444
27427386	168	203	Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy	T047	C0917796
27427386	205	209	LHON	T047	C0917796
27427386	230	251	mitochondrial disease	T047	C0751651
27427386	253	266	Mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27427386	267	276	modifiers	T028	C3178895
27427386	304	325	phenotypic expression	T032	C0031437
27427386	337	341	LHON	T047	C0917796
27427386	354	371	mitochondrial DNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27427386	373	378	mtDNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27427386	380	389	mutations	T019	C0948444
27427386	399	404	study	T062	C2603343
27427386	431	435	LHON	T047	C0917796
27427386	436	450	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27427386	451	457	allele	T028	C0002085
27427386	459	471	m.14502T > C	T028	C0002085
27427386	473	483	p. 58I > V	T028	C0002085
27427386	492	500	ND6 gene	T028	C1537995
27427386	501	510	modulated	T082	C0443264
27427386	515	536	phenotypic expression	T032	C0031437
27427386	548	552	LHON	T047	C0917796
27427386	565	586	m.11778G > A mutation	T045	C0026882
27427386	599	610	Han Chinese	UnknownType	C0814942
27427386	611	620	pedigrees	T170	C0030761
27427386	630	642	m.14502T > C	T045	C0026882
27427386	647	669	m.11778G > A mutations	T045	C0026882
27427386	701	711	penetrance	T081	C0524899
27427386	715	731	optic neuropathy	T047	C3887709
27427386	757	778	m.11778G > A mutation	T045	C0026882
27427386	793	803	functional	T169	C0205245
27427386	804	810	assays	T059	C0005507
27427386	821	839	cybrid cell models	T025	C0007600
27427386	861	882	mtDNA-less ρ(o) cells	T025	C0007634
27427386	888	904	enucleated cells	T025	C0007634
27427386	910	914	LHON	T047	C0917796
27427386	915	923	patients	T101	C0030705
27427386	938	950	m.11778G > A	T045	C0026882
27427386	955	977	m.14502T > C mutations	T045	C0026882
27427386	984	996	m.14502T > C	T045	C0026882
27427386	1000	1021	m.11778G > A mutation	T045	C0026882
27427386	1058	1063	mtDNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27427386	1064	1074	haplogroup	T032	C0018591
27427386	1082	1100	cybrids cell lines	T025	C0007600
27427386	1109	1130	m.14502T > C mutation	T045	C0026882
27427386	1146	1153	effects	T080	C1280500
27427386	1157	1170	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27427386	1171	1180	functions	T169	C0542341
27427386	1215	1236	m.11778G > A mutation	T045	C0026882
27427386	1259	1272	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27427386	1273	1285	dysfunctions	T077	C3887504
27427386	1303	1313	cell lines	T025	C0007600
27427386	1327	1339	m.14502T > C	T045	C0026882
27427386	1344	1366	m.11778G > A mutations	T045	C0026882
27427386	1392	1404	m.11778G > A	T045	C0026882
27427386	1408	1429	m.14502T > C mutation	T045	C0026882
27427386	1450	1471	m.14502T > C mutation	T045	C0026882
27427386	1492	1501	complex I	T116,T126	C0171406
27427386	1527	1538	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27427386	1539	1549	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27427386	1566	1587	m.11778G > A mutation	T045	C0026882
27427386	1608	1617	defective	T169	C0332452
27427386	1618	1627	complex I	T116,T126	C0171406
27427386	1675	1688	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27427386	1689	1692	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27427386	1722	1745	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27427386	1768	1774	mutant	T049	C0596988
27427386	1775	1780	cells	T025	C0007634
27427386	1794	1806	m.14502T > C	T045	C0026882
27427386	1811	1832	m.11778G > A mutation	T045	C0026882
27427386	1858	1877	11778G > A mutation	T045	C0026882
27427386	1923	1938	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27427386	1942	1946	LHON	T047	C0917796
27427386	1957	1970	manifested by	T080	C1280444
27427386	2013	2018	mtDNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27427386	2019	2028	mutations	T019	C0948444

27427881|t|Improving Care Transitions Across Healthcare Settings Through a Human Factors Approach
27427881|a|After more than two decades of research focused on care transition improvement and intervention development, unfavorable outcome measures associated with care transitions across healthcare settings persist. Readmissions rates remain an important outcome to target for intervention, adverse events associated with care transitions continue to be an issue, and patients are often dissatisfied with the quality of their care. Currently, interventions to improve care transitions are disease specific, require substantial financial investments in training allied healthcare professionals, or focus primarily on hospital-based discharge planning with mixed results. This complex situation requires a method of evaluation that can provide a comprehensive, in-depth, and context-driven investigation of potential risks to safe care transitions across healthcare settings, which can lead to the creation of effective, usable, and sustainable interventions. A systems' approach known as Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) evaluates the factors in a system that affect human performance. This article describes how HFE can complement and further strengthen efforts to improve care transitions.
27427881	0	9	Improving	T080	C1272745
27427881	10	26	Care Transitions	T058	C4019079
27427881	34	44	Healthcare	T058	C0086388
27427881	45	53	Settings	T082	C1254362
27427881	64	77	Human Factors	T033	C4035944
27427881	107	114	decades	T081	C2981279
27427881	118	126	research	T062	C0035168
27427881	138	153	care transition	T058	C4019079
27427881	154	165	improvement	T077	C2986411
27427881	170	182	intervention	T061	C0184661
27427881	183	194	development	T169	C1527148
27427881	196	215	unfavorable outcome	T033	C1519790
27427881	216	224	measures	T169	C1879489
27427881	225	240	associated with	T080	C0332281
27427881	241	257	care transitions	T058	C4019079
27427881	265	275	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27427881	276	284	settings	T082	C1254362
27427881	294	306	Readmissions	UnknownType	C0745042
27427881	307	312	rates	T081	C1264674
27427881	333	340	outcome	T169	C1274040
27427881	344	350	target	T169	C1521840
27427881	355	367	intervention	T061	C0184661
27427881	369	383	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27427881	384	399	associated with	T080	C0332281
27427881	400	416	care transitions	T058	C4019079
27427881	435	440	issue	T033	C0033213
27427881	446	454	patients	T101	C0030705
27427881	465	477	dissatisfied	T041	C0870433
27427881	487	494	quality	T080	C0332306
27427881	504	508	care	T052	C1947933
27427881	521	534	interventions	T061	C0184661
27427881	546	562	care transitions	T058	C4019079
27427881	567	574	disease	T047	C0012634
27427881	575	583	specific	T080	C0205369
27427881	593	604	substantial	T080	C0205556
27427881	605	626	financial investments	T058	C3826621
27427881	630	638	training	T065	C0220931
27427881	639	670	allied healthcare professionals	T097	C0002122
27427881	694	727	hospital-based discharge planning	T058	C1563179
27427881	753	770	complex situation	T080	C0205556
27427881	782	802	method of evaluation	T062	C2911685
27427881	822	835	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27427881	837	845	in-depth	T082	C0205125
27427881	851	865	context-driven	T078	C1254370
27427881	866	879	investigation	T058	C0220825
27427881	883	898	potential risks	T033	C0035648
27427881	907	923	care transitions	T058	C4019079
27427881	931	941	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27427881	942	950	settings	T082	C1254362
27427881	974	982	creation	T052	C1706214
27427881	986	995	effective	T080	C1704419
27427881	997	1003	usable	T080	C0205556
27427881	1009	1020	sustainable	T169	C0443318
27427881	1021	1034	interventions	T061	C0184661
27427881	1065	1093	Human Factors and Ergonomics	T090	C0020120
27427881	1095	1098	HFE	T090	C0020120
27427881	1100	1109	evaluates	T170	C1550545
27427881	1114	1121	factors	T169	C1521761
27427881	1146	1163	human performance	T052	C0020115
27427881	1170	1177	article	T170	C1706852
27427881	1192	1195	HFE	T090	C0020120
27427881	1245	1252	improve	T080	C1272745
27427881	1253	1269	care transitions	T058	C4019079

27428958|t|Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses of Glucosinolates in Two Broccoli Cultivars Following Jasmonate Treatment for the Induction of Glucosinolate Defense to Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)
27428958|a|Lepidopteran larvae growth is influenced by host plant glucosinolate (GS) concentrations, which are, in turn, influenced by the phytohormone jasmonate (JA). In order to elucidate insect resistance biomarkers to lepidopteran pests, transcriptome and metabolome analyses following JA treatments were conducted with two broccoli cultivars, Green Magic and VI-158, which have differentially induced indole GSs, neoglucobrassicin and glucobrassicin, respectively. To test these two inducible GSs on growth of cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), eight neonate cabbage looper larvae were placed onto each of three plants per JA treatments (0, 100, 200, 400 µM) three days after treatment. After five days of feeding, weight of larvae and their survival rate was found to decrease with increasing JA concentrations in both broccoli cultivars. JA - inducible GSs were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Neoglucobrassicin in Green Magic and glucobrassicin in VI-158 leaves were increased in a dose-dependent manner. One or both of these glucosinolates and/or their hydrolysis products showed significant inverse correlations with larval weight and survival (five days after treatment) while being positively correlated with the number of days to pupation. This implies that these two JA - inducible glucosinolates can influence the growth and survival of cabbage looper larvae. Transcriptome profiling supported the observed changes in glucosinolate and their hydrolysis product concentrations following JA treatments. Several genes related to GS metabolism differentiate the two broccoli cultivars in their pattern of transcriptional response to JA treatments. Indicative of the corresponding change in indole GS concentrations, transcripts of the transcription factor MYB122, core structure biosynthesis genes (CYP79B2, UGT74B1, SUR1, SOT16, SOT17, and SOT18), an indole glucosinolate side chain modification gene (IGMT1), and several glucosinolate hydrolysis genes (TGG1, TGG2, and ESM1) were significantly increased in Green Magic (statistically significant in most cases at 400 µM) while UGT74B1 and MYB122 were significantly increased in VI-158. Therefore, these metabolite and transcript biomarker results indicate that transcriptome profiling can identify genes associated with the formation of two different indole GS and their hydrolysis products. Therefore, these metabolite and transcript biomarkers could be useful in an effective marker - assisted breeding strategy for resistance to generalist lepidopteran pests in broccoli and potentially other Brassica vegetables.
27428958	0	13	Transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27428958	18	28	Metabolome	T070	C2350399
27428958	29	37	Analyses	T062	C0936012
27428958	41	55	Glucosinolates	T109	C0017767
27428958	63	81	Broccoli Cultivars	T002	C0330498
27428958	92	101	Jasmonate	T109	C1176128
27428958	102	111	Treatment	T169	C1522326
27428958	120	129	Induction	T169	C0205263
27428958	133	146	Glucosinolate	T109	C0017767
27428958	147	154	Defense	T077	C1880266
27428958	158	173	Trichoplusia ni	T204	C0998450
27428958	175	181	Hübner	T170	C0805191
27428958	183	195	Lepidopteran	T204	C0023338
27428958	196	202	larvae	T204	C0023047
27428958	203	209	growth	T040	C0018270
27428958	213	223	influenced	T077	C4054723
27428958	227	231	host	T001	C1167395
27428958	232	237	plant	T002	C0032098
27428958	238	251	glucosinolate	T109	C0017767
27428958	253	255	GS	T109	C0017767
27428958	257	271	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27428958	293	303	influenced	T077	C4054723
27428958	311	323	phytohormone	T116,T125	C0032082
27428958	324	333	jasmonate	T109	C1176128
27428958	335	337	JA	T109	C1176128
27428958	362	368	insect	T204	C0021585
27428958	369	379	resistance	T169	C4281815
27428958	380	390	biomarkers	T045	C0017393
27428958	394	406	lepidopteran	T204	C0023338
27428958	407	412	pests	T008	C0869004
27428958	414	427	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27428958	432	442	metabolome	T070	C2350399
27428958	443	451	analyses	T062	C0936012
27428958	462	464	JA	T109	C1176128
27428958	465	475	treatments	T169	C1522326
27428958	500	518	broccoli cultivars	T002	C0330498
27428958	520	531	Green Magic	T002	C0330498
27428958	536	542	VI-158	T002	C0330498
27428958	570	577	induced	T169	C0205263
27428958	578	588	indole GSs	T109	C0017767
27428958	590	607	neoglucobrassicin	T109	C2975109
27428958	612	626	glucobrassicin	T109	C0061370
27428958	645	649	test	T169	C0039593
27428958	660	669	inducible	T169	C0205263
27428958	670	673	GSs	T109	C0017767
27428958	677	683	growth	T040	C0018270
27428958	687	701	cabbage looper	T204	C0684063
27428958	703	718	Trichoplusia ni	T204	C0998450
27428958	735	756	cabbage looper larvae	T204	C0023047
27428958	788	794	plants	T002	C0032098
27428958	799	801	JA	T109	C1176128
27428958	802	812	treatments	T169	C1522326
27428958	841	845	days	T079	C0439228
27428958	852	861	treatment	T169	C1522326
27428958	874	878	days	T079	C0439228
27428958	882	889	feeding	T052	C2987508
27428958	891	897	weight	T081	C0043100
27428958	901	907	larvae	T204	C0023047
27428958	918	931	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27428958	945	953	decrease	T081	C0547047
27428958	959	969	increasing	T169	C0442805
27428958	970	972	JA	T109	C1176128
27428958	973	987	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27428958	996	1014	broccoli cultivars	T002	C0330498
27428958	1016	1018	JA	T109	C1176128
27428958	1021	1030	inducible	T169	C0205263
27428958	1031	1034	GSs	T109	C0017767
27428958	1040	1048	measured	T080	C0444706
27428958	1052	1090	high performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562
27428958	1092	1109	Neoglucobrassicin	T109	C2975109
27428958	1113	1124	Green Magic	T002	C0330498
27428958	1129	1143	glucobrassicin	T109	C0061370
27428958	1147	1153	VI-158	T002	C0330498
27428958	1154	1160	leaves	T002	C0242724
27428958	1166	1175	increased	T081	C0205217
27428958	1181	1195	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27428958	1225	1239	glucosinolates	T109	C0017767
27428958	1253	1263	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27428958	1264	1272	products	T071	C1514468
27428958	1292	1299	inverse	T080	C0439850
27428958	1300	1312	correlations	T080	C1707520
27428958	1318	1324	larval	T204	C0023047
27428958	1325	1331	weight	T081	C0043100
27428958	1336	1344	survival	T052	C0038952
27428958	1351	1355	days	T079	C0439228
27428958	1362	1371	treatment	T169	C1522326
27428958	1385	1395	positively	T033	C1446409
27428958	1396	1406	correlated	T080	C1707520
27428958	1426	1430	days	T079	C0439228
27428958	1434	1442	pupation	T040	C1326578
27428958	1472	1474	JA	T109	C1176128
27428958	1477	1486	inducible	T169	C0205263
27428958	1487	1501	glucosinolates	T109	C0017767
27428958	1506	1515	influence	T077	C4054723
27428958	1520	1526	growth	T040	C0018270
27428958	1531	1539	survival	T052	C0038952
27428958	1543	1564	cabbage looper larvae	T204	C0023047
27428958	1566	1589	Transcriptome profiling	T059,T063	C0752248
27428958	1613	1620	changes	T169	C0392747
27428958	1624	1637	glucosinolate	T109	C0017767
27428958	1648	1658	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27428958	1659	1666	product	T071	C1514468
27428958	1667	1681	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27428958	1692	1694	JA	T109	C1176128
27428958	1695	1705	treatments	T169	C1522326
27428958	1715	1720	genes	T028	C0017337
27428958	1732	1734	GS	T109	C0017767
27428958	1735	1745	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27428958	1746	1759	differentiate	T169	C2945687
27428958	1768	1786	broccoli cultivars	T002	C0330498
27428958	1796	1803	pattern	T082	C0449774
27428958	1807	1822	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27428958	1823	1831	response	T032	C0871261
27428958	1835	1837	JA	T109	C1176128
27428958	1838	1848	treatments	T169	C1522326
27428958	1882	1888	change	T169	C0392747
27428958	1892	1901	indole GS	T109	C0017767
27428958	1902	1916	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27428958	1918	1929	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27428958	1937	1957	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27428958	1958	1964	MYB122	T116,T123	C0040648
27428958	1981	1993	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27428958	1994	1999	genes	T028	C0017337
27428958	2001	2008	CYP79B2	T028	C0017337
27428958	2010	2017	UGT74B1	T028	C0017337
27428958	2019	2023	SUR1	T028	C1412082
27428958	2025	2030	SOT16	T028	C0017337
27428958	2032	2037	SOT17	T028	C0017337
27428958	2043	2048	SOT18	T028	C0017337
27428958	2054	2074	indole glucosinolate	T104	C1254350
27428958	2086	2098	modification	T033	C3840684
27428958	2099	2103	gene	T028	C0017337
27428958	2105	2110	IGMT1	T028	C0017337
27428958	2125	2138	glucosinolate	T109	C0017767
27428958	2139	2149	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27428958	2157	2161	TGG1	T028	C0017337
27428958	2163	2167	TGG2	T028	C0017337
27428958	2173	2177	ESM1	T028	C1414460
27428958	2198	2207	increased	T081	C0205217
27428958	2211	2222	Green Magic	T002	C0330498
27428958	2281	2288	UGT74B1	T028	C0017337
27428958	2293	2299	MYB122	T028	C0017337
27428958	2319	2328	increased	T081	C0205217
27428958	2332	2338	VI-158	T002	C0330498
27428958	2357	2367	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27428958	2372	2382	transcript	T114	C1519595
27428958	2383	2392	biomarker	T045	C0017393
27428958	2415	2438	transcriptome profiling	T059,T063	C0752248
27428958	2443	2451	identify	T080	C0205396
27428958	2452	2457	genes	T028	C0017337
27428958	2478	2487	formation	T169	C1522492
27428958	2505	2514	indole GS	T109	C0017767
27428958	2525	2535	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27428958	2536	2544	products	T071	C1514468
27428958	2563	2573	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27428958	2578	2588	transcript	T114	C1519595
27428958	2589	2599	biomarkers	T045	C0017393
27428958	2622	2631	effective	T080	C1704419
27428958	2632	2638	marker	T045	C0017393
27428958	2641	2649	assisted	T080	C1269765
27428958	2650	2658	breeding	T040	C0006159
27428958	2672	2682	resistance	T169	C4281815
27428958	2697	2709	lepidopteran	T204	C0023338
27428958	2710	2715	pests	T008	C0869004
27428958	2719	2727	broccoli	T002	C0330498
27428958	2750	2769	Brassica vegetables	T168	C0453113

27429532|t|Autoimmune Myelofibrosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
27429532|a|Autoimmune myelofibrosis (AIMF) is a rare entity of steroid - responsive bone marrow fibrosis that accompanies a variety of autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Rarely it may occur in patients with autoimmune markers but no definable autoimmune disease (Primary-AIMF). We report the cases of two young women with SLE - associated AIMF (SLE - AIMF). The first patient was a young woman who had pancytopenia, massive splenomegaly and reticulin fibrosis in the marrow biopsy. The pancytopenia and splenomegaly resolved completely within weeks of treatment with corticosteroids. Repeat marrow biopsy showed marked regression of marrow fibrosis. The second patient was a young woman with fever, anasarca, bicytopenia and reticulin fibrosis in the marrow biopsy. Steroid therapy resulted in rapid clinical improvement and resolution of pancytopenia. A review of the literature revealed a total of 30 patients with SLE - AIMF reported to- date. Patients with SLE - AIMF are young women with SLE and blood cytopenia who are found to have increased bone marrow reticulin on marrow biopsy. Steroid therapy results in rapid hematological recovery and regression of marrow fibrosis. Whether AIMF is one of several hematological complications of SLE, or represents a unique and distinct subset of patients with SLE in not clear. Prospective studies with longer follow-up are needed to better define the prevalence and clinical spectrum of SLE - AIMF.
27429532	0	24	Autoimmune Myelofibrosis	T191	C0026987
27429532	28	56	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	T047	C0024141
27429532	71	76	Cases	T169	C0868928
27429532	81	90	Review of	T169	C0699752
27429532	95	105	Literature	T170	C0023866
27429532	106	130	Autoimmune myelofibrosis	T191	C0026987
27429532	132	136	AIMF	T191	C0026987
27429532	143	154	rare entity	T071	C1551338
27429532	158	165	steroid	T109	C0038317
27429532	168	178	responsive	T169	C0205342
27429532	179	199	bone marrow fibrosis	T191	C0026987
27429532	230	249	autoimmune diseases	T047	C0004364
27429532	264	292	systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
27429532	294	297	SLE	T047	C0024141
27429532	300	306	Rarely	T080	C0522498
27429532	314	319	occur	T052	C1709305
27429532	323	331	patients	T101	C0030705
27429532	337	355	autoimmune markers	T201	C0005516
27429532	373	391	autoimmune disease	T047	C0004364
27429532	393	405	Primary-AIMF	T191	C0001815
27429532	422	427	cases	T169	C0868928
27429532	435	440	young	T079	C0332239
27429532	441	446	women	T098	C0043210
27429532	452	455	SLE	T047	C0024141
27429532	458	468	associated	T080	C0332281
27429532	469	473	AIMF	T191	C0026987
27429532	475	478	SLE	T047	C0024141
27429532	481	485	AIMF	T191	C0026987
27429532	498	505	patient	T101	C0030705
27429532	512	517	young	T079	C0332239
27429532	518	523	woman	T098	C0043210
27429532	532	544	pancytopenia	T047	C0030312
27429532	546	566	massive splenomegaly	T033	C0241231
27429532	571	589	reticulin fibrosis	T033	C1335762
27429532	597	610	marrow biopsy	T060	C0005954
27429532	616	628	pancytopenia	T047	C0030312
27429532	633	645	splenomegaly	T033	C0038002
27429532	646	654	resolved	T033	C3714811
27429532	673	678	weeks	T079	C0439230
27429532	682	691	treatment	T169	C1522326
27429532	697	712	corticosteroids	T121	C3536709
27429532	721	734	marrow biopsy	T060	C0005954
27429532	742	759	marked regression	T046	C0684320
27429532	763	778	marrow fibrosis	T191	C0026987
27429532	791	798	patient	T101	C0030705
27429532	805	810	young	T079	C0332239
27429532	811	816	woman	T098	C0043210
27429532	822	827	fever	T184	C0015967
27429532	829	837	anasarca	T184	C0013604
27429532	839	850	bicytopenia	T034	C1142446
27429532	855	873	reticulin fibrosis	T033	C1335762
27429532	881	894	marrow biopsy	T060	C0005954
27429532	896	911	Steroid therapy	T061	C0149783
27429532	912	920	resulted	T169	C1274040
27429532	930	938	clinical	T080	C0205210
27429532	939	950	improvement	T077	C2986411
27429532	955	965	resolution	T077	C2699488
27429532	969	981	pancytopenia	T047	C0030312
27429532	985	994	review of	T169	C0699752
27429532	999	1009	literature	T170	C0023866
27429532	1010	1018	revealed	T080	C0443289
27429532	1033	1041	patients	T101	C0030705
27429532	1047	1050	SLE	T047	C0024141
27429532	1053	1057	AIMF	T191	C0026987
27429532	1071	1075	date	T079	C0011008
27429532	1077	1085	Patients	T101	C0030705
27429532	1091	1094	SLE	T047	C0024141
27429532	1097	1101	AIMF	T191	C0026987
27429532	1106	1111	young	T079	C0332239
27429532	1112	1117	women	T098	C0043210
27429532	1123	1126	SLE	T047	C0024141
27429532	1131	1146	blood cytopenia	T046	C0010828
27429532	1169	1178	increased	T081	C0205217
27429532	1179	1200	bone marrow reticulin	T033	C1335762
27429532	1204	1217	marrow biopsy	T060	C0005954
27429532	1219	1234	Steroid therapy	T061	C0149783
27429532	1235	1242	results	T169	C1274040
27429532	1252	1265	hematological	T169	C0205488
27429532	1266	1274	recovery	T052	C0237820
27429532	1279	1289	regression	T046	C0684320
27429532	1293	1308	marrow fibrosis	T191	C0026987
27429532	1318	1322	AIMF	T191	C0026987
27429532	1341	1354	hematological	T169	C0205488
27429532	1355	1368	complications	T046	C0009566
27429532	1372	1375	SLE	T047	C0024141
27429532	1393	1399	unique	T080	C1710548
27429532	1404	1412	distinct	T080	C1705242
27429532	1423	1431	patients	T101	C0030705
27429532	1437	1440	SLE	T047	C0024141
27429532	1455	1474	Prospective studies	T062	C0033522
27429532	1487	1496	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27429532	1511	1517	better	T080	C0332272
27429532	1529	1539	prevalence	T081	C0683921
27429532	1544	1561	clinical spectrum	T201	C0683325
27429532	1565	1568	SLE	T047	C0024141
27429532	1571	1575	AIMF	T191	C0026987

27429935|t|The clinical prognosis of implants that are placed against super-erupted opposing dentition
27429935|a|If teeth are missing, super-eruption of teeth in the opposing arch can occur in the area and can change the occlusal plane. When missing teeth are replaced with implants, the oral surgeon must determine whether or not the super-erupted teeth need to be treated in order to normalize the occlusal plane. In this study, we evaluated the clinical prognosis of dentition after implant placement and prosthetic treatment were completed in an occlusal plane altered by super-erupted teeth in the opposing arch without additional treatment of the super-erupted teeth. Twenty-two patients (9 males, 13 females) were treated with implants and prosthetics without addressing the super-erupted opposing dentition from April 2004 to August 2012 at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. A total of 33 implants were placed. Values of crestal bone loss, survival rates, and surgical and prosthetic complications for an average of 29.6 months after prosthetic loading were recorded. In one case, the cover screw was exposed after implant surgery. The mean crestal bone loss was 0.09±0.30 mm. Of the 33 implants, 31 survived, a survival rate of 93.94%. A prosthetic complication occurred in one case but functioned well after correction. Favorable clinical results from prosthetic complications, crestal bone loss, and implant survival rates were exhibited in implants next to a super-erupted opposing tooth.
27429935	4	22	clinical prognosis	T033	C1317293
27429935	26	34	implants	T074	C0021102
27429935	59	72	super-erupted	T047	C3839493
27429935	82	91	dentition	T023	C0011443
27429935	95	100	teeth	T023	C0040426
27429935	105	112	missing	T020	C0080233
27429935	114	137	super-eruption of teeth	T047	C3839493
27429935	145	158	opposing arch	T082	C1254362
27429935	176	180	area	T082	C0205146
27429935	200	214	occlusal plane	T042	C0524544
27429935	221	234	missing teeth	T020	C0080233
27429935	253	261	implants	T074	C0021102
27429935	267	279	oral surgeon	T097	C0260272
27429935	314	333	super-erupted teeth	T023	C0040426
27429935	345	352	treated	T169	C1522326
27429935	365	374	normalize	T062	C1882115
27429935	379	393	occlusal plane	T042	C0524544
27429935	403	408	study	T062	C0008972
27429935	413	422	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27429935	427	445	clinical prognosis	T033	C1317293
27429935	449	458	dentition	T023	C0011443
27429935	465	482	implant placement	T061	C0021107
27429935	487	507	prosthetic treatment	T061	C0204076
27429935	513	522	completed	T080	C0205197
27429935	529	543	occlusal plane	T042	C0524544
27429935	555	574	super-erupted teeth	T023	C0040426
27429935	582	595	opposing arch	T082	C1254362
27429935	615	624	treatment	T169	C1522326
27429935	632	651	super-erupted teeth	T023	C0040426
27429935	664	672	patients	T101	C0030705
27429935	676	681	males	T032	C0086582
27429935	686	693	females	T032	C0086287
27429935	700	707	treated	T169	C1522326
27429935	713	721	implants	T074	C0021102
27429935	726	737	prosthetics	T074	C0175649
27429935	761	774	super-erupted	T047	C3839493
27429935	784	793	dentition	T023	C0011443
27429935	828	833	Seoul	T083	C3850150
27429935	834	870	National University Bundang Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27429935	886	894	implants	T074	C0021102
27429935	918	935	crestal bone loss	T047	C0002382
27429935	937	951	survival rates	T081	C0038954
27429935	957	965	surgical	T046	C0274311
27429935	970	994	prosthetic complications	T046	C0274320
27429935	1018	1024	months	T079	C0439231
27429935	1031	1049	prosthetic loading	T061	C0204076
27429935	1072	1076	case	T077	C1706256
27429935	1082	1093	cover screw	T074	C0021102
27429935	1112	1127	implant surgery	T061	C0543467
27429935	1138	1155	crestal bone loss	T047	C0002382
27429935	1184	1192	implants	T074	C0021102
27429935	1197	1205	survived	T067	C3179277
27429935	1209	1222	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27429935	1236	1259	prosthetic complication	T046	C0274320
27429935	1276	1280	case	T077	C1706256
27429935	1329	1345	clinical results	T034	C0456984
27429935	1351	1375	prosthetic complications	T046	C0274320
27429935	1377	1394	crestal bone loss	T047	C0002382
27429935	1400	1407	implant	T074	C0021102
27429935	1408	1422	survival rates	T081	C0038954
27429935	1441	1449	implants	T074	C0021102
27429935	1460	1488	super-erupted opposing tooth	T023	C0040426

27430240|t|Adenosine and the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, upregulate CD39 and CD73 expression through E2F-1 and CREB in regulatory T cells isolated from septic mice
27430240|a|The number of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and the expression of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1; also known as CD39) and 5'-ectonucleotidase (NT5E; also known as CD73) on the Treg cell surface are increased during sepsis. In this study, to determine the factors leading to the high expression of CD39 and CD73, and the regulation of the CD39 / CD73 / adenosine pathway in Treg cells under septic conditions, we constructed a mouse model of sepsis and separated the Treg cells using a flow cytometer. The Treg cells isolated from the peritoneal lavage and splenocytes of the mice were treated with adenosine or the specific adenosine A2A receptor agonist, CGS21680, and were transfected with specific siRNA targeting E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F-1) or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), which are predicted transcription regulatory factors of CD39 or CD73. The regulatory relationships among these factors were then determined by western blot analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, changes in adenosine metabolism were measured in the treated cells. The results revealed that adenosine and CGS21680 significantly upregulated CD39 and CD73 expression (P<0.01). E2F-1 and CREB induced CD39 and CD73 expression, and were upregulated by adenosine and CGS21680. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis and adenosine generation were inhibited by the knockdown of E2F-1 or CREB, and were accelerated in the presence of CGS21680. Based on these results, it can be inferred that adenosine, the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, E2F-1 and CREB are the possible factors contributing to the high expression of CD39 and CD73 on the Treg cell surface during sepsis. Adenosine and its A2A receptor agonist served as the signal transducer factors of the CD39 / CD73 / adenosine pathway, accelerating adenosine generation. Our study may benefit further research on adenosine metabolism for the treatment of sepsis.
27430240	0	9	Adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27430240	18	48	adenosine A2A receptor agonist	T121	C2936552
27430240	50	58	CGS21680	T109,T121	C0055233
27430240	60	70	upregulate	T044	C0949479
27430240	71	75	CD39	T129	C0108783
27430240	80	84	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	85	95	expression	T045	C0597360
27430240	104	109	E2F-1	T116,T123	C1384539
27430240	114	118	CREB	T116,T123	C0056695
27430240	122	140	regulatory T cells	T025	C0039198
27430240	141	149	isolated	T169	C0205409
27430240	155	161	septic	T169	C0333534
27430240	162	166	mice	T015	C0025929
27430240	181	199	regulatory T cells	T025	C0039198
27430240	201	211	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
27430240	221	231	expression	T045	C0597360
27430240	235	283	ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1	T129	C0108783
27430240	285	291	ENTPD1	T129	C0108783
27430240	307	311	CD39	T129	C0108783
27430240	317	336	5'-ectonucleotidase	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	338	342	NT5E	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	358	362	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	371	380	Treg cell	T025	C0039198
27430240	381	388	surface	T082	C0205148
27430240	393	402	increased	T081	C0205217
27430240	410	416	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27430240	450	457	factors	T123	C0005515
27430240	473	477	high	T080	C0205250
27430240	478	488	expression	T045	C0597360
27430240	492	496	CD39	T129	C0108783
27430240	501	505	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	515	528	regulation of	T038	C1327622
27430240	533	537	CD39	T129	C0108783
27430240	540	544	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	547	556	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27430240	557	564	pathway	T077	C1705987
27430240	568	578	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
27430240	585	591	septic	T169	C0333534
27430240	621	632	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27430240	636	642	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27430240	661	671	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
27430240	680	694	flow cytometer	T074	C0180279
27430240	700	710	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
27430240	711	719	isolated	T169	C0205409
27430240	729	746	peritoneal lavage	T058	C0031148
27430240	751	762	splenocytes	T025	C1519477
27430240	770	774	mice	T015	C0025929
27430240	780	792	treated with	T061	C0332293
27430240	793	802	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27430240	819	849	adenosine A2A receptor agonist	T121	C2936552
27430240	851	859	CGS21680	T109,T121	C0055233
27430240	870	881	transfected	T063	C0040669
27430240	896	901	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27430240	902	911	targeting	T169	C1521840
27430240	912	938	E2F transcription factor 1	T116,T123	C1384539
27430240	940	945	E2F-1	T116,T123	C1384539
27430240	950	1020	cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein	T116,T123	C0056695
27430240	1022	1026	CREB	T116,T123	C0056695
27430240	1049	1081	transcription regulatory factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27430240	1085	1089	CD39	T129	C0108783
27430240	1093	1097	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	1103	1113	regulatory	T038	C1327622
27430240	1140	1147	factors	T123	C0005515
27430240	1172	1193	western blot analysis	T059	C0949466
27430240	1198	1228	dual-luciferase reporter assay	T059	C0022885
27430240	1243	1250	changes	T169	C0392747
27430240	1254	1274	adenosine metabolism	T044	C1158592
27430240	1296	1303	treated	T169	C1522326
27430240	1304	1309	cells	T025	C0007634
27430240	1337	1346	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27430240	1351	1359	CGS21680	T109,T121	C0055233
27430240	1374	1385	upregulated	T044	C0949479
27430240	1386	1390	CD39	T129	C0108783
27430240	1395	1399	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	1400	1410	expression	T045	C0597360
27430240	1421	1426	E2F-1	T116,T123	C1384539
27430240	1431	1435	CREB	T116,T123	C0056695
27430240	1444	1448	CD39	T129	C0108783
27430240	1453	1457	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	1458	1468	expression	T045	C0597360
27430240	1479	1490	upregulated	T044	C0949479
27430240	1494	1503	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27430240	1508	1516	CGS21680	T109,T121	C0055233
27430240	1518	1557	Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis	T044	C1510699
27430240	1562	1571	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27430240	1572	1582	generation	T052	C3146294
27430240	1588	1597	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27430240	1605	1614	knockdown	T080	C0849355
27430240	1618	1623	E2F-1	T116,T123	C1384539
27430240	1627	1631	CREB	T116,T123	C0056695
27430240	1642	1653	accelerated	T169	C0521110
27430240	1673	1681	CGS21680	T109,T121	C0055233
27430240	1731	1740	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27430240	1746	1776	adenosine A2A receptor agonist	T121	C2936552
27430240	1778	1783	E2F-1	T116,T123	C1384539
27430240	1788	1792	CREB	T116,T123	C0056695
27430240	1810	1817	factors	T123	C0005515
27430240	1838	1842	high	T080	C0205250
27430240	1843	1853	expression	T045	C0597360
27430240	1857	1861	CD39	T129	C0108783
27430240	1866	1870	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	1878	1887	Treg cell	T025	C0039198
27430240	1888	1895	surface	T082	C0205148
27430240	1903	1909	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27430240	1911	1920	Adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27430240	1929	1949	A2A receptor agonist	T121	C2936552
27430240	1964	1981	signal transducer	T044	C1152628
27430240	1982	1989	factors	T123	C0005515
27430240	1997	2001	CD39	T129	C0108783
27430240	2004	2008	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27430240	2011	2020	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27430240	2021	2028	pathway	T077	C1705987
27430240	2030	2042	accelerating	T169	C0521110
27430240	2043	2052	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27430240	2053	2063	generation	T052	C3146294
27430240	2095	2103	research	T062	C0035168
27430240	2107	2127	adenosine metabolism	T044	C1158592
27430240	2136	2145	treatment	T061	C0087111
27430240	2149	2155	sepsis	T047	C0243026

27430264|t|Exploring Consumer and Patient Knowledge, Behavior, and Attitude Toward Medicinal and Lifestyle Products Purchased From the Internet: A Web - Based Survey
27430264|a|In recent years, lifestyle products have emerged to help improve people's physical and mental performance. The Internet plays a major role in the spread of these products. However, the literature has reported issues regarding the authenticity of medicines purchased from the Internet and the impact of counterfeit medicines on public health. Little or no data are available on the authenticity of lifestyle products and actual toxicity associated with their use and misuse. Our aim was to investigate consumer and patient attitudes toward the purchase of lifestyle products from the Internet, their knowledge of product authenticity and toxicity, and their experiences with counterfeit lifestyle products. A Web - based study was performed between May 2014 and May 2015. Uniform collection of data was performed through an anonymous online questionnaire. Participants were invited worldwide via email, social media, or personal communication to complete the online questionnaire. A total of 320 participants completed the questionnaire. The results of the questionnaire showed that 208 (65.0%) participants purchased lifestyle products from the Internet mainly due to convenience and reduced cost. More than half (55.6%, 178/320) of participants purchased cosmetic products, whereas only a minority purchased medicinal products. Yet, 62.8% (201/320) of participants were aware of the presence of counterfeit lifestyle products from the Internet, and 11.9% (38/320) experienced counterfeit products. In only 0.9% (3/320) of those cases were counterfeit lifestyle products reported to authorities. Moreover, 7.2% (23/320) of the participants experienced adverse effects due to counterfeit lifestyle products. In summary, patients experienced counterfeit lifestyle products that resulted in adverse effects on their health. Although certain adverse effects were reported in this study, counterfeit products were underreported to authorities. Further public awareness campaigns and patient education are needed.
27430264	10	18	Consumer	T098	C1707496
27430264	23	30	Patient	T101	C0030705
27430264	31	40	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
27430264	42	50	Behavior	T053	C0004927
27430264	56	64	Attitude	T041	C0004271
27430264	65	71	Toward	T078	C3875150
27430264	72	81	Medicinal	T121	C0013227
27430264	86	104	Lifestyle Products	T073	C3273359
27430264	105	114	Purchased	T052	C0870238
27430264	124	132	Internet	T073	C0282111
27430264	136	139	Web	T073	C0282111
27430264	142	147	Based	T169	C1527178
27430264	148	154	Survey	T170	C0038951
27430264	172	190	lifestyle products	T073	C3273359
27430264	212	219	improve	T033	C0184511
27430264	220	228	people's	T098	C0027361
27430264	229	237	physical	T032	C2607857
27430264	242	248	mental	T041	C0025361
27430264	249	260	performance	T055	C0597198
27430264	266	274	Internet	T073	C0282111
27430264	283	288	major	T080	C0205164
27430264	289	293	role	T077	C1705810
27430264	301	307	spread	T080	C0332261
27430264	317	325	products	T071	C1514468
27430264	340	350	literature	T170	C0023866
27430264	385	397	authenticity	T080	C0205556
27430264	401	410	medicines	T121	C0013227
27430264	411	420	purchased	T052	C0870238
27430264	430	438	Internet	T073	C0282111
27430264	447	453	impact	T080	C4049986
27430264	457	478	counterfeit medicines	T131	C2936336
27430264	482	488	public	T092	C0678367
27430264	489	495	health	T078	C0018684
27430264	507	528	no data are available	T080	C1546437
27430264	536	548	authenticity	T080	C0205556
27430264	552	570	lifestyle products	T073	C3273359
27430264	582	590	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27430264	591	606	associated with	T080	C0332281
27430264	613	616	use	T169	C1524063
27430264	621	627	misuse	T033	C0549649
27430264	644	655	investigate	T169	C1292732
27430264	656	664	consumer	T080	C0680971
27430264	669	686	patient attitudes	T041	C0870289
27430264	687	693	toward	T078	C3875150
27430264	698	706	purchase	T052	C0870238
27430264	710	728	lifestyle products	T073	C3273359
27430264	738	746	Internet	T073	C0282111
27430264	754	763	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27430264	767	774	product	T071	C1514468
27430264	775	787	authenticity	T080	C0205556
27430264	792	800	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27430264	812	823	experiences	T041	C0596545
27430264	829	840	counterfeit	T080	C0205556
27430264	841	859	lifestyle products	T073	C3273359
27430264	863	866	Web	T073	C0282111
27430264	869	874	based	T169	C1527178
27430264	875	880	study	T062	C2603343
27430264	885	894	performed	T169	C0884358
27430264	926	933	Uniform	T080	C0205375
27430264	934	952	collection of data	T062	C0010995
27430264	957	966	performed	T169	C0884358
27430264	967	974	through	T169	C0332273
27430264	978	987	anonymous	T080	C2346787
27430264	988	994	online	T073,T170	C0029038
27430264	995	1008	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27430264	1010	1022	Participants	T098	C0679646
27430264	1036	1045	worldwide	T082	C0332464
27430264	1050	1055	email	T170	C0013849
27430264	1057	1069	social media	T170	C3179065
27430264	1074	1096	personal communication	T054	C0086792
27430264	1100	1108	complete	T080	C0205197
27430264	1113	1119	online	T073,T170	C0029038
27430264	1120	1133	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27430264	1137	1142	total	T080	C0439810
27430264	1150	1162	participants	T098	C0679646
27430264	1163	1172	completed	T080	C0205197
27430264	1177	1190	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27430264	1196	1203	results	T169	C1274040
27430264	1211	1224	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27430264	1249	1261	participants	T098	C0679646
27430264	1262	1271	purchased	T052	C0870238
27430264	1272	1290	lifestyle products	T073	C3273359
27430264	1300	1308	Internet	T073	C0282111
27430264	1309	1315	mainly	T080	C1542147
27430264	1316	1322	due to	T169	C0678226
27430264	1323	1334	convenience	T080	C3831015
27430264	1339	1346	reduced	T080	C0392756
27430264	1347	1351	cost	T081	C0010186
27430264	1353	1362	More than	T081	C0439093
27430264	1363	1367	half	T081	C2825407
27430264	1388	1400	participants	T098	C0679646
27430264	1401	1410	purchased	T052	C0870238
27430264	1411	1428	cosmetic products	T073	C0010164
27430264	1445	1453	minority	T080	C0205165
27430264	1454	1463	purchased	T052	C0870238
27430264	1464	1482	medicinal products	T121	C0013227
27430264	1508	1520	participants	T098	C0679646
27430264	1526	1531	aware	T041	C0004448
27430264	1539	1547	presence	T033	C0150312
27430264	1551	1562	counterfeit	T080	C0205556
27430264	1563	1581	lifestyle products	T073	C3273359
27430264	1591	1599	Internet	T073	C0282111
27430264	1620	1631	experienced	T041	C0596545
27430264	1632	1643	counterfeit	T080	C0205556
27430264	1644	1652	products	T071	C1514468
27430264	1684	1689	cases	T169	C0868928
27430264	1695	1706	counterfeit	T080	C0205556
27430264	1707	1725	lifestyle products	T073	C3273359
27430264	1726	1734	reported	T058	C0700287
27430264	1738	1749	authorities	T093	C1708333
27430264	1782	1794	participants	T098	C0679646
27430264	1795	1806	experienced	T041	C0596545
27430264	1807	1822	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27430264	1830	1841	counterfeit	T080	C0205556
27430264	1842	1860	lifestyle products	T073	C3273359
27430264	1874	1882	patients	T101	C0030705
27430264	1883	1894	experienced	T041	C0596545
27430264	1895	1906	counterfeit	T080	C0205556
27430264	1907	1925	lifestyle products	T073	C3273359
27430264	1931	1942	resulted in	T169	C0332294
27430264	1943	1958	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27430264	1968	1974	health	T078	C0018684
27430264	1993	2008	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27430264	2014	2022	reported	T058	C0700287
27430264	2031	2036	study	T062	C2603343
27430264	2038	2049	counterfeit	T080	C0205556
27430264	2050	2058	products	T071	C1514468
27430264	2064	2077	underreported	T058	C0700287
27430264	2081	2092	authorities	T093	C1708333
27430264	2102	2128	public awareness campaigns	UnknownType	C0679750
27430264	2133	2150	patient education	T065	C0030688
27430264	2155	2161	needed	T080	C0027552

27430662|t|Evaluation of Mathisen's technique for ureteral reimplantation in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux
27430662|a|Although cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation (Cohen) is a commonly used technique in children, it represents a non-physiological transfer of the ureteral orifices and may prove challenging with regard to endoscopic ureteral operations in later life. In 1964, Mathisen described an alternative method of ureteral reimplantation with lateralization of the neohiatus, creating an orthotopic course of the submucosal ureter. We have evaluated success and complication rates of both techniques that were applied sequentially at our departments. Forty-eight consecutive patients (83 ureters, 24 males /24 females) following Mathisen reimplantation were compared with 53 consecutive patients (98 ureters, 30 males /23 females) following Cohen reimplantation. Inclusion criteria were primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and no previous intervention. Reflux grades (Mathisen 58 ureters /69.9% VUR ≥ III; Cohen 66 ureters /66.7% VUR ≥ III) and the occurence of other complicating factors (ureteroceles, megaureters, posterior urethral valves) in both groups were comparable. After Cohen's reimplantation there were no immediate complications requiring intervention; during follow-up (mean 28.2 months) three patients (5.6%) suffered febrile urinary tract infections (UTIs), of which one (1.8%) was diagnosed with a persisting VUR. Persistent hydronephroses (≥II SFU) were recorded in six patients (13.2%). After reimplantation using Mathisen's technique, two patients (4.1%) suffered significant intravesical bleeding; during follow-up (mean 23.06 months) four patients (8.3%) suffered febrile UTIs, and seven patients (14.5%) were diagnosed with persisting VUR after a mean follow-up of 10.8 months. The patients with persistent VUR had more commonly high-grade (IV and V) VUR initially, compared to the whole group. Two patients (4.1%) had persistent hydronephroses (≥II SFU). Mathisen's technique for ureteral reimplantation yielded a significantly (p = 0.0256 patients, p = 0.006 ureterorenal units) lower success rate (85.5% patients, 89.2% ureterorenal units) in comparison with Cohen's technique (98.2% patients, 99% ureterorenal units). Although there was no intervention for obstruction, persistent hydronephrosis was more common in the Cohen group (13.2% vs. 4.1%, n.s.). Despite the advantages of an orthotopic ureteral orifice close to the bladder neck, as achieved by Mathisen's reimplantation, cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation proved more reliable for VUR correction. As regards optimizing the results, patient selection for either technique could prove essential. Nevertheless, as regards the difficulties with ectopic ureteral orifices in the Cohen technique in the long-term follow-up, the concept of anatomic, orthotopic ureteral reimplantation should be pursued and the technique should be further refined.
27430662	0	10	Evaluation	T080	C0034375
27430662	14	34	Mathisen's technique	T169	C0449851
27430662	39	62	ureteral reimplantation	T061	C0401287
27430662	66	74	children	T100	C0008059
27430662	80	87	primary	T080	C0205225
27430662	88	109	vesicoureteral reflux	T047	C0042580
27430662	119	165	cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation (Cohen)	T061	C0401296
27430662	185	194	technique	T169	C0449851
27430662	198	206	children	T100	C0008059
27430662	224	250	non-physiological transfer	T041	C0025361
27430662	258	275	ureteral orifices	T030	C0447577
27430662	317	347	endoscopic ureteral operations	T061	C0401343
27430662	351	356	later	T079	C0205087
27430662	357	361	life	T078	C0376558
27430662	381	390	described	T078	C1552738
27430662	394	405	alternative	T077	C1523987
27430662	406	412	method	T169	C0449851
27430662	416	439	ureteral reimplantation	T061	C0401287
27430662	445	459	lateralization	T169	C0542341
27430662	467	476	neohiatus	T082	C1254362
27430662	490	500	orthotopic	T082	C0574893
27430662	501	507	course	T079	C0750729
27430662	515	532	submucosal ureter	T023	C0227684
27430662	542	551	evaluated	T052	C1516048
27430662	552	559	success	T080	C0679864
27430662	564	576	complication	T078	C2362589
27430662	577	582	rates	T081	C1521828
27430662	591	601	techniques	T169	C0449851
27430662	612	619	applied	T169	C4048755
27430662	620	632	sequentially	T169	C1519249
27430662	640	651	departments	T092	C1704729
27430662	665	676	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27430662	677	685	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	690	697	ureters	T098	C2348561
27430662	702	707	males	T098	C0025266
27430662	712	719	females	T098	C0043210
27430662	731	754	Mathisen reimplantation	T061	C0401287
27430662	760	768	compared	T052	C1707455
27430662	777	788	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27430662	789	797	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	802	809	ureters	T098	C2348561
27430662	814	819	males	T098	C0025266
27430662	824	831	females	T098	C0043210
27430662	843	863	Cohen reimplantation	T061	C0401296
27430662	865	874	Inclusion	T080	C1512693
27430662	875	883	criteria	T078	C0243161
27430662	889	896	primary	T080	C0205225
27430662	897	918	vesicoureteral reflux	T047	C0042580
27430662	920	923	VUR	T047	C0042580
27430662	932	940	previous	T079	C0205156
27430662	941	953	intervention	T061	C0184661
27430662	955	961	Reflux	T047	C0042580
27430662	962	968	grades	T185	C1511980
27430662	982	989	ureters	T098	C2348561
27430662	997	1006	VUR ≥ III	T033	C3274338
27430662	1017	1024	ureters	T098	C2348561
27430662	1032	1041	VUR ≥ III	T033	C3274338
27430662	1070	1082	complicating	T169	C1522701
27430662	1083	1090	factors	T169	C1521761
27430662	1092	1104	ureteroceles	T020	C0041960
27430662	1106	1117	megaureters	T190	C0521620
27430662	1119	1144	posterior urethral valves	T019	C0238506
27430662	1154	1160	groups	T078	C0441833
27430662	1166	1176	comparable	T052	C1707455
27430662	1184	1206	Cohen's reimplantation	T061	C0401296
27430662	1221	1230	immediate	T079	C0205253
27430662	1231	1244	complications	T046	C0009566
27430662	1255	1267	intervention	T061	C0184661
27430662	1269	1275	during	T079	C0347984
27430662	1276	1285	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27430662	1287	1291	mean	T081	C0444504
27430662	1297	1303	months	T079	C0439231
27430662	1311	1319	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	1327	1335	suffered	T048	C0683278
27430662	1336	1368	febrile urinary tract infections	T047	C3875265
27430662	1370	1374	UTIs	T047	C3875265
27430662	1401	1410	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27430662	1418	1428	persisting	T078	C0549178
27430662	1429	1432	VUR	T047	C0042580
27430662	1434	1444	Persistent	T078	C0549178
27430662	1445	1459	hydronephroses	T047	C0020295
27430662	1465	1468	SFU	T047	C0020295
27430662	1491	1499	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	1515	1529	reimplantation	T061	C0401287
27430662	1536	1556	Mathisen's technique	T169	C0449851
27430662	1562	1570	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	1578	1586	suffered	T048	C0683278
27430662	1587	1598	significant	T078	C0750502
27430662	1599	1620	intravesical bleeding	T047	C1390213
27430662	1629	1638	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27430662	1640	1644	mean	T081	C0444504
27430662	1651	1657	months	T079	C0439231
27430662	1664	1672	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	1680	1688	suffered	T048	C0683278
27430662	1689	1701	febrile UTIs	T047	C3875265
27430662	1713	1721	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	1735	1744	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27430662	1750	1760	persisting	T078	C0549178
27430662	1761	1764	VUR	T047	C0042580
27430662	1773	1777	mean	T081	C0444504
27430662	1778	1787	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27430662	1796	1802	months	T079	C0439231
27430662	1808	1816	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	1822	1832	persistent	T078	C0549178
27430662	1833	1836	VUR	T047	C0042580
27430662	1855	1865	high-grade	T080	C0205556
27430662	1877	1880	VUR	T047	C0042580
27430662	1892	1900	compared	T052	C1707455
27430662	1908	1919	whole group	T078	C0441833
27430662	1925	1933	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	1945	1955	persistent	T078	C0549178
27430662	1956	1970	hydronephroses	T047	C0020295
27430662	1976	1979	SFU	T047	C0020295
27430662	1982	2002	Mathisen's technique	T169	C0449851
27430662	2007	2030	ureteral reimplantation	T061	C0401287
27430662	2041	2054	significantly	T078	C0750502
27430662	2067	2075	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	2087	2105	ureterorenal units	T081	C1519795
27430662	2107	2112	lower	T082	C0441994
27430662	2113	2120	success	T080	C0679864
27430662	2121	2125	rate	T081	C1521828
27430662	2133	2141	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	2149	2167	ureterorenal units	T081	C1519795
27430662	2172	2182	comparison	T052	C1707455
27430662	2188	2205	Cohen's technique	T169	C0449851
27430662	2213	2221	patients	T101	C0030705
27430662	2227	2245	ureterorenal units	T081	C1519795
27430662	2270	2282	intervention	T061	C0184661
27430662	2287	2298	obstruction	T046	C0028778
27430662	2300	2310	persistent	T078	C0549178
27430662	2311	2325	hydronephrosis	T047	C0020295
27430662	2349	2360	Cohen group	T078	C0441833
27430662	2414	2424	orthotopic	T082	C0574893
27430662	2425	2441	ureteral orifice	T030	C0447577
27430662	2455	2467	bladder neck	T023	C0227716
27430662	2484	2509	Mathisen's reimplantation	T061	C0401287
27430662	2511	2549	cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation	T061	C0401296
27430662	2562	2570	reliable	T170	C3858758
27430662	2575	2578	VUR	T047	C0042580
27430662	2579	2589	correction	T169	C1947976
27430662	2626	2643	patient selection	T062	C0242802
27430662	2655	2664	technique	T169	C0449851
27430662	2671	2686	prove essential	T080	C0205224
27430662	2717	2729	difficulties	T080	C0332218
27430662	2735	2742	ectopic	T082	C0574895
27430662	2743	2760	ureteral orifices	T030	C0447577
27430662	2768	2783	Cohen technique	T169	C0449851
27430662	2791	2800	long-term	T079	C0443252
27430662	2801	2810	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27430662	2816	2823	concept	T078	C0178566
27430662	2827	2835	anatomic	T080	C0220784
27430662	2837	2847	orthotopic	T082	C0574893
27430662	2848	2871	ureteral reimplantation	T061	C0401287
27430662	2898	2907	technique	T169	C0449851

27430924|t|Experimental study of GeneXpert(®) system in the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis
27430924|a|To explore the application value of GeneXpert MTB/RIF for detection of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to rifampin. A total of 150 samples were collected, including 33 needle aspirates from lymphoid tuberculosis, 23 needle aspirates from spinal tuberculosis, 49 from tuberculous pleural effusions, 24 from cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculous cephalomeningitis, and 21 urinary sediment samples from renal tuberculosis. Smear microscopy, mycobacterium tuberculosis culture and the MTB/RIF method were used to examine these samples and their positive rates were compared. Rifampin susceptibility tests was performed for culture-positive strains using proportion method, which was compared with the result from GeneXpert MTB/RIF method. Of the 150 cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, 17 samples were smear-positive, with a sensitivity of 11.3% (17/150); 30 were culture-positive with a sensitivity of 20.0% (30/150); and 96 were positive by MTB/RIF method with a sensitivity of 64.0% (96/150). There was a significant difference between MTB/RIF method and the culture method (χ(2)=59.61, P<0.01). The differences were also significant when the MTB/RIF method was compared with the smear method (χ(2)=88.60, P<0.01) or compared with culture plus smear methods (χ(2)=4.26, P<0.05). Separately, the differences were statistically significant between GeneXpert MTB/RIF method and other 2 methods for diagnosis of lymphoid tuberculosis (n=33, χ(2)=20.56, P<0.01 vs. culture method; χ(2)=27.13, P<0.01 vs. smear results) while no difference was found between culture and smear method (χ(2)=0.67, P>0.05), spinal tuberculosis (n=23, χ(2)=12.74, P<0.01 vs. culture method; χ(2)=14.81, P< 0.01 vs. smear method), tuberculous pleurisy (n=49, χ(2)=32.34, P<0.01 vs. culture method; χ(2)=49.69, P<0.01 vs. smear method) and renal tuberculosis (n=21, χ(2)=4.20, P<0.05 vs. culture method; χ(2) =8.40, P<0.01 vs. smear results). The sensitivity for tuberculous meningitis had no difference among these 3 methods (n=24, P>0.05). Rifampicin-resistance of the strains from the 30 culture-positive cases of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (20.0%, 6/30) exhibited agreement with GeneXpert MTB/RIF test. The simplicity and high sensitivity of GeneXpert MTB/RIF technology make it a good diagnostic test for rapid detection of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and resistance to rifampin.
27430924	0	18	Experimental study	T062	C0681814
27430924	22	41	GeneXpert(®) system	T074	C0025080
27430924	49	58	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27430924	62	90	extra-pulmonary tuberculosis	T047	C0679362
27430924	127	144	GeneXpert MTB/RIF	T059	C0200932
27430924	149	158	detection	T061	C1511790
27430924	162	190	extra-pulmonary tuberculosis	T047	C0679362
27430924	195	205	resistance	T038	C0013203
27430924	209	217	rifampin	T109,T195	C0035608
27430924	234	241	samples	T031	C0542550
27430924	271	277	needle	T074	C0181959
27430924	278	287	aspirates	T031	C0370199
27430924	293	314	lymphoid tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27430924	319	325	needle	T074	C0181959
27430924	326	335	aspirates	T031	C0370199
27430924	341	360	spinal tuberculosis	T047	C0041330
27430924	370	399	tuberculous pleural effusions	T047	C0041326
27430924	409	428	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
27430924	432	461	tuberculous cephalomeningitis	T047	C0275908
27430924	470	494	urinary sediment samples	T031	C1261248
27430924	500	518	renal tuberculosis	T047	C0041328
27430924	520	536	Smear microscopy	T059	C0026018
27430924	538	572	mycobacterium tuberculosis culture	T059	C2585384
27430924	581	595	MTB/RIF method	T059	C0200932
27430924	671	700	Rifampin susceptibility tests	T059	C0201179
27430924	719	743	culture-positive strains	T001	C1518614
27430924	809	833	GeneXpert MTB/RIF method	T059	C0200932
27430924	855	883	extra-pulmonary tuberculosis	T047	C0679362
27430924	901	915	smear-positive	T033	C1514241
27430924	924	935	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27430924	963	979	culture-positive	T033	C0159125
27430924	987	998	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27430924	1030	1038	positive	T033	C1514241
27430924	1042	1056	MTB/RIF method	T059	C0200932
27430924	1064	1075	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27430924	1138	1152	MTB/RIF method	T059	C0200932
27430924	1161	1175	culture method	T059	C0430402
27430924	1245	1259	MTB/RIF method	T059	C0200932
27430924	1282	1294	smear method	T060	C0444186
27430924	1333	1359	culture plus smear methods	T059	C0871511
27430924	1448	1472	GeneXpert MTB/RIF method	T059	C0200932
27430924	1485	1492	methods	T059	C0871511
27430924	1497	1506	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27430924	1510	1531	lymphoid tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27430924	1562	1576	culture method	T059	C0430402
27430924	1601	1614	smear results	T034	C1254360
27430924	1654	1661	culture	T059	C0430402
27430924	1666	1678	smear method	T060	C0444186
27430924	1700	1719	spinal tuberculosis	T047	C0041330
27430924	1750	1764	culture method	T059	C0430402
27430924	1790	1802	smear method	T060	C0444186
27430924	1805	1825	tuberculous pleurisy	T047	C0041326
27430924	1856	1870	culture method	T059	C0430402
27430924	1895	1907	smear method	T060	C0444186
27430924	1913	1931	renal tuberculosis	T047	C0041328
27430924	1961	1975	culture method	T059	C0430402
27430924	2000	2013	smear results	T034	C1254360
27430924	2020	2031	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27430924	2036	2058	tuberculous meningitis	T047	C0041318
27430924	2091	2098	methods	T059	C0871511
27430924	2115	2136	Rifampicin-resistance	T038	C0013203
27430924	2144	2151	strains	T001	C1518614
27430924	2164	2186	culture-positive cases	T033	C0159125
27430924	2190	2218	extra-pulmonary tuberculosis	T047	C0679362
27430924	2258	2280	GeneXpert MTB/RIF test	T059	C0200932
27430924	2306	2317	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27430924	2321	2349	GeneXpert MTB/RIF technology	T059	C0200932
27430924	2365	2380	diagnostic test	T060	C0086143
27430924	2391	2400	detection	T061	C1511790
27430924	2404	2432	extra-pulmonary tuberculosis	T047	C0679362
27430924	2437	2447	resistance	T038	C0013203
27430924	2451	2459	rifampin	T109,T195	C0035608

27431445|t|Influence of climatic factors on the flight activity of the stingless bee Partamona orizabaensis and its competition behavior at food sources
27431445|a|Stingless bee s have evolved several ways to share contested resources to ensure the coexistence between different species. Partamona orizabaensis quickly exploits food sources by fast and direct recruitment that does not rely on scent marks deposited on substrates. In this study we show that the flight activity of P. orizabaensis is influenced by weather conditions, with higher activity during periods of colder temperatures, higher relative humidity and even during rainfall. We showed that the outcome of aggression experiments between the non-aggressive species P. orizabaensis and its aggressive competitor Trigona fuscipennis is influenced by the number of bees that arrive early after food source discovery. Therefore, the increased activity during less favorable weather conditions and the fast recruitment of nestmates following the discovery of a food source, as observed for P. orizabaensis, may be adaptations that evolved to coexist even with more aggressive and dominant species of stingless bees, with which P. orizabaensis has to compete for resources.
27431445	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
27431445	13	29	climatic factors	UnknownType	C0868933
27431445	37	52	flight activity	T067	C0677530
27431445	60	73	stingless bee	T204	C1033480
27431445	74	96	Partamona orizabaensis	T204	C2772322
27431445	105	125	competition behavior	T054	C0679932
27431445	129	133	food	T168	C0016452
27431445	134	141	sources	T033	C0449416
27431445	142	155	Stingless bee	T204	C1033480
27431445	187	192	share	T054	C0237876
27431445	203	212	resources	T078	C0035201
27431445	227	238	coexistence	T081	C1547035
27431445	247	256	different	T080	C1705242
27431445	257	264	species	T185	C1705920
27431445	266	288	Partamona orizabaensis	T204	C2772322
27431445	306	310	food	T168	C0016452
27431445	311	318	sources	T033	C0449416
27431445	322	349	fast and direct recruitment	T052	C2949735
27431445	372	383	scent marks	T033	C0243095
27431445	384	393	deposited	T169	C0333562
27431445	397	407	substrates	T167	C0439861
27431445	417	422	study	T062	C2603343
27431445	440	455	flight activity	T067	C0677530
27431445	459	474	P. orizabaensis	T204	C2772322
27431445	478	488	influenced	T077	C4054723
27431445	492	499	weather	T070	C0043085
27431445	500	510	conditions	T080	C0348080
27431445	524	532	activity	T052	C0441655
27431445	540	547	periods	T079	C1948053
27431445	551	570	colder temperatures	T081	C0039476
27431445	579	596	relative humidity	T081	C0428696
27431445	613	621	rainfall	T070	C0034640
27431445	642	649	outcome	T169	C1274040
27431445	653	663	aggression	T055	C0001807
27431445	664	675	experiments	T062	C0681814
27431445	688	702	non-aggressive	T033	C3650696
27431445	703	710	species	T185	C1705920
27431445	711	726	P. orizabaensis	T204	C2772322
27431445	735	745	aggressive	T055	C0001807
27431445	746	756	competitor	T098	C1257890
27431445	757	776	Trigona fuscipennis	T204	C1196237
27431445	780	790	influenced	T077	C4054723
27431445	808	812	bees	T204	C1033480
27431445	837	841	food	T168	C0016452
27431445	842	848	source	T033	C0449416
27431445	849	858	discovery	T052	C1880355
27431445	875	884	increased	T081	C0205217
27431445	885	893	activity	T052	C0441655
27431445	916	923	weather	T070	C0043085
27431445	924	934	conditions	T080	C0348080
27431445	943	959	fast recruitment	T052	C2949735
27431445	963	972	nestmates	T098	C1257890
27431445	987	996	discovery	T052	C1880355
27431445	1002	1006	food	T168	C0016452
27431445	1007	1013	source	T033	C0449416
27431445	1031	1046	P. orizabaensis	T204	C2772322
27431445	1055	1066	adaptations	T038	C0392673
27431445	1083	1090	coexist	T081	C1547035
27431445	1106	1116	aggressive	T055	C0001807
27431445	1121	1129	dominant	T169	C1527180
27431445	1130	1137	species	T185	C1705920
27431445	1141	1155	stingless bees	T204	C1033480
27431445	1168	1183	P. orizabaensis	T204	C2772322
27431445	1203	1212	resources	T078	C0035201

27431623|t|Withdrawal of Anticancer Therapy in Advanced Disease Because of Side Effects
27431623|a|Withdrawal of chemotherapy because of side effects may be due to" problems with toxicity "or" patient refusal "." Problems with toxicity "is intended to secure patient safety and decisions about it are primarily made by the oncologist. On the other hand," patient refusal "is influenced by the degree of distress the patient is experiencing and the patient's preference. Providing sufficient medical information is essential in decision making, because it is a decision made by the patient. In addition, the perception of side effects has changed owing to progress in supportive therapy in recent years. In particular, cancer patients are concerned about changes in appearance. In our study(4/2015 to 3/2016), chemotherapy was withdrawn because of side effects during treatment for solid carcinomas in 8%(4/51)of the patients. Two of these patients experienced liver function disorders, and 2 developed interstitial pneumonitis. Patient refusal was observed in 2%(1/51)of the patients.
27431623	0	10	Withdrawal	T052	C2349954
27431623	14	32	Anticancer Therapy	T061	C0920425
27431623	36	52	Advanced Disease	UnknownType	C0679246
27431623	64	76	Side Effects	T046	C0879626
27431623	77	87	Withdrawal	T052	C2349954
27431623	91	103	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27431623	115	127	side effects	T046	C0879626
27431623	143	151	problems	T078	C1546466
27431623	157	165	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27431623	171	178	patient	T101	C0030705
27431623	179	186	refusal	T055	C0040809
27431623	191	199	Problems	T078	C1546466
27431623	205	213	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27431623	230	236	secure	T041	C3146231
27431623	237	251	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27431623	256	265	decisions	T041	C0679006
27431623	301	311	oncologist	T097	C0259990
27431623	333	340	patient	T101	C0030705
27431623	341	348	refusal	T055	C0040809
27431623	353	363	influenced	T077	C4054723
27431623	371	389	degree of distress	T033	C0231303
27431623	394	401	patient	T101	C0030705
27431623	405	417	experiencing	T041	C0596545
27431623	426	435	patient's	T101	C0030705
27431623	436	446	preference	T078	C0558295
27431623	448	457	Providing	T052	C1999230
27431623	469	476	medical	T169	C0205476
27431623	477	488	information	T078	C1533716
27431623	492	501	essential	T080	C0205224
27431623	505	520	decision making	T041	C0011109
27431623	538	546	decision	T041	C0679006
27431623	559	566	patient	T101	C0030705
27431623	599	611	side effects	T046	C0879626
27431623	616	623	changed	T169	C0392747
27431623	633	641	progress	T169	C1280477
27431623	645	663	supportive therapy	T061	C0344211
27431623	674	679	years	T079	C0439234
27431623	696	702	cancer	T191	C0006826
27431623	703	711	patients	T101	C0030705
27431623	732	739	changes	T169	C0392747
27431623	743	753	appearance	T032	C0233426
27431623	787	799	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27431623	804	813	withdrawn	T033	C0424092
27431623	825	837	side effects	T046	C0879626
27431623	845	854	treatment	T061	C0087111
27431623	859	875	solid carcinomas	T191	C0007097
27431623	894	902	patients	T101	C0030705
27431623	917	925	patients	T101	C0030705
27431623	926	937	experienced	T041	C0596545
27431623	938	952	liver function	T042	C0232741
27431623	953	962	disorders	T047	C0012634
27431623	980	1004	interstitial pneumonitis	T047	C0206061
27431623	1006	1013	Patient	T101	C0030705
27431623	1014	1021	refusal	T055	C0040809
27431623	1053	1061	patients	T101	C0030705

27432227|t|Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to First- and Second-Generation ALK Inhibitors in ALK -Rearranged Lung Cancer
27432227|a|Advanced, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive lung cancer is currently treated with the first-generation ALK inhibitor crizotinib followed by more potent, second-generation ALK inhibitors (e.g., ceritinib and alectinib) upon progression. Second-generation inhibitors are generally effective even in the absence of crizotinib - resistant ALK mutations, likely reflecting incomplete inhibition of ALK by crizotinib in many cases. Herein, we analyzed 103 repeat biopsies from ALK -positive patients progressing on various ALK inhibitors. We find that each ALK inhibitor is associated with a distinct spectrum of ALK resistance mutations and that the frequency of one mutation, ALK(G1202R), increases significantly after treatment with second-generation agents. To investigate strategies to overcome resistance to second-generation ALK inhibitors, we examine the activity of the third-generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib in a series of ceritinib - resistant, patient -derived cell lines, and observe that the presence of ALK resistance mutations is highly predictive for sensitivity to lorlatinib, whereas those cell lines without ALK mutations are resistant. Secondary ALK mutations are a common resistance mechanism to second-generation ALK inhibitors and predict for sensitivity to the third-generation ALK inhibitor lorlatinib. These findings highlight the importance of repeat biopsies and genotyping following disease progression on targeted therapies, particularly second-generation ALK inhibitors. Cancer Discov; 6(10); 1118-33. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Qiao and Lovly, p. 1084This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1069.
27432227	0	20	Molecular Mechanisms	T044	C3537153
27432227	24	34	Resistance	T039	C1514892
27432227	38	44	First-	T121	C0014432
27432227	49	81	Second-Generation ALK Inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27432227	85	88	ALK	T116,T126	C0252409
27432227	101	112	Lung Cancer	T191	C0684249
27432227	123	149	anaplastic lymphoma kinase	T116,T126	C0252409
27432227	151	154	ALK	T116,T126	C0252409
27432227	165	176	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
27432227	190	202	treated with	T061	C0332293
27432227	207	237	first-generation ALK inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27432227	238	248	crizotinib	T109,T121	C2974289
27432227	274	306	second-generation ALK inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27432227	314	323	ceritinib	T109,T121	C3818721
27432227	328	337	alectinib	T109,T121	C3853921
27432227	344	355	progression	T046	C0242656
27432227	357	385	Second-generation inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27432227	433	443	crizotinib	T109,T121	C2974289
27432227	446	455	resistant	T039	C1514892
27432227	456	459	ALK	T028	C1332080
27432227	460	469	mutations	T045	C0596611
27432227	500	510	inhibition	T039	C1524081
27432227	514	517	ALK	T116,T126	C0252409
27432227	521	531	crizotinib	T109,T121	C2974289
27432227	578	586	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27432227	592	595	ALK	T116,T126	C0252409
27432227	606	614	patients	T101	C0030705
27432227	638	652	ALK inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27432227	672	685	ALK inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27432227	716	724	spectrum	T077	C2827424
27432227	728	731	ALK	T028	C1332080
27432227	732	752	resistance mutations	T045	C0596611
27432227	766	775	frequency	T079	C0439603
27432227	783	791	mutation	T045	C0596611
27432227	793	804	ALK(G1202R)	T028	C1332080
27432227	836	850	treatment with	T061	C0332293
27432227	851	875	second-generation agents	T121	C0014432
27432227	915	925	resistance	T039	C1514892
27432227	929	961	second-generation ALK inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27432227	978	986	activity	T044	C1152555
27432227	994	1024	third-generation ALK inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27432227	1025	1035	lorlatinib	T109,T121	C4080091
27432227	1051	1060	ceritinib	T109,T121	C3818721
27432227	1063	1072	resistant	T039	C1514892
27432227	1074	1081	patient	T101	C0030705
27432227	1091	1101	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27432227	1136	1139	ALK	T028	C1332080
27432227	1140	1160	resistance mutations	T045	C0596611
27432227	1201	1211	lorlatinib	T109,T121	C4080091
27432227	1227	1237	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27432227	1246	1249	ALK	T028	C1332080
27432227	1250	1259	mutations	T045	C0596611
27432227	1264	1273	resistant	T039	C1514892
27432227	1285	1288	ALK	T028	C1332080
27432227	1289	1298	mutations	T045	C0596611
27432227	1312	1322	resistance	T039	C1514892
27432227	1323	1332	mechanism	T044	C3537153
27432227	1336	1368	second-generation ALK inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27432227	1404	1434	third-generation ALK inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27432227	1435	1445	lorlatinib	T109,T121	C4080091
27432227	1497	1505	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27432227	1510	1520	genotyping	T059,T063	C3178894
27432227	1531	1550	disease progression	T046	C0242656
27432227	1563	1572	therapies	T061	C0087111
27432227	1587	1620	second-generation ALK inhibitors.	T121	C0014432

27432486|t|The use of neonatal extracorporeal life support in pediatric cardiac intensive care unit
27432486|a|The aim of the study is to evaluate extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) employed in neonates in pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Twenty-five neonates that required ECLS in between November 2010 and November 2015 were evaluated. The median age was 12 days (range 3-28 days) and the median body weight was 3 kg (range 2.5-5 kg). Venoarterial ECLS was performed in all of the cases. Ascendan aorta - right atrial cannulation in 22 patients and neck cannulation in three patients were performed. The reason for ECLS was E-CPR in two patients, inability to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in seven patients, respiratory insufficiency and hypoxia in nine patients, low cardiac output (LCOS) in seven patients. Median duration of ECLS was four days (range 1-15). Hemorrhagic complications developed in 15, renal complications in 13, pulmonary complications in 12, infectious complications in 11, neurologic complications in three and mechanical complications in two of the patients. Weaning was successful in 15 of the patients. Eleven patients were successfully discharged. ECLS is an important treatment option that is performed successfully in many centers around the world to maintain life support in patients unresponsive to medical treatment. The utilization of this modality especially in newborns with congenital heart disease should be taken into consideration.
27432486	4	10	use of	T169	C1524063
27432486	11	19	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27432486	20	47	extracorporeal life support	T061	C0015357
27432486	51	60	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27432486	61	88	cardiac intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0587446
27432486	116	124	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27432486	125	159	extracorporeal life support system	T061	C0015357
27432486	161	165	ECLS	T061	C0015357
27432486	179	187	neonates	T100	C0021289
27432486	191	200	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27432486	201	228	cardiac intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0587446
27432486	242	250	neonates	T100	C0021289
27432486	265	269	ECLS	T061	C0015357
27432486	318	327	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27432486	333	339	median	T081	C0876920
27432486	340	343	age	T032	C0001779
27432486	351	355	days	T079	C0439228
27432486	357	362	range	T081	C1514721
27432486	368	372	days	T079	C0439228
27432486	382	388	median	T081	C0876920
27432486	389	400	body weight	T032	C0005910
27432486	411	416	range	T081	C1514721
27432486	428	440	Venoarterial	T082	C0450124
27432486	441	445	ECLS	T061	C0015357
27432486	450	459	performed	T169	C0884358
27432486	481	495	Ascendan aorta	T023	C0003956
27432486	498	510	right atrial	T023	C0225844
27432486	511	522	cannulation	T061	C0917707
27432486	529	537	patients	T101	C0030705
27432486	542	546	neck	T029	C0027530
27432486	547	558	cannulation	T061	C0917707
27432486	568	576	patients	T101	C0030705
27432486	582	591	performed	T169	C0884358
27432486	608	612	ECLS	T061	C0015357
27432486	617	622	E-CPR	T061	C0007203
27432486	630	638	patients	T101	C0030705
27432486	640	657	inability to wean	T033	C0243095
27432486	663	685	cardiopulmonary bypass	T061	C0007202
27432486	687	690	CPB	T061	C0007202
27432486	701	709	patients	T101	C0030705
27432486	711	736	respiratory insufficiency	T046	C0035229
27432486	741	748	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27432486	757	765	patients	T101	C0030705
27432486	767	785	low cardiac output	T046	C0600177
27432486	787	791	LCOS	T046	C0600177
27432486	802	810	patients	T101	C0030705
27432486	812	818	Median	T081	C0876920
27432486	819	827	duration	T079	C0449238
27432486	831	835	ECLS	T061	C0015357
27432486	845	849	days	T079	C0439228
27432486	851	856	range	T081	C1514721
27432486	864	875	Hemorrhagic	T080	C0333275
27432486	876	889	complications	T046	C0009566
27432486	907	926	renal complications	T046	C1408259
27432486	934	957	pulmonary complications	T046	C0281169
27432486	965	975	infectious	T047	C0009450
27432486	976	989	complications	T046	C0009566
27432486	997	1021	neurologic complications	T046	C0235029
27432486	1035	1059	mechanical complications	T046	C0009566
27432486	1074	1082	patients	T101	C0030705
27432486	1084	1091	Weaning	T033	C0043084
27432486	1096	1106	successful	T080	C1272703
27432486	1120	1128	patients	T101	C0030705
27432486	1137	1145	patients	T101	C0030705
27432486	1151	1163	successfully	T080	C1272703
27432486	1164	1174	discharged	T058	C0030685
27432486	1176	1180	ECLS	T061	C0015357
27432486	1187	1196	important	T080	C3898777
27432486	1197	1213	treatment option	T061	C0683525
27432486	1222	1231	performed	T169	C0884358
27432486	1232	1244	successfully	T080	C1272703
27432486	1253	1260	centers	T073,T093	C0475309
27432486	1272	1277	world	T098	C2700280
27432486	1281	1289	maintain	T052	C0024501
27432486	1290	1302	life support	T061	C0521300
27432486	1306	1314	patients	T101	C0030705
27432486	1315	1348	unresponsive to medical treatment	T169	C0205269
27432486	1354	1365	utilization	T169	C0042153
27432486	1374	1382	modality	T078	C0695347
27432486	1397	1405	newborns	T100	C0021289
27432486	1411	1435	congenital heart disease	T019	C0152021

27433451|t|It's not All Doom and Gloom: Prune Belly Syndrome Associated with VACTERL
27433451|a|Prune belly syndrome is a rare abnormality; its association with VACTERL is even rarer. This association has been reported in literature a few times since first reported in 1993 and so far the majority have either been stillbirths or died shortly after birth. We present a case of Prune belly syndrome associated with VACTERL who is now one year old.
27433451	29	49	Prune Belly Syndrome	T047	C0033770
27433451	50	73	Associated with VACTERL	T019	C1735591
27433451	74	94	Prune belly syndrome	T047	C0033770
27433451	100	104	rare	T080	C0522498
27433451	105	116	abnormality	T033	C1704258
27433451	122	146	association with VACTERL	T019	C1735591
27433451	155	160	rarer	T080	C0522498
27433451	167	178	association	T019	C1735591
27433451	188	196	reported	T058	C0700287
27433451	200	210	literature	T170	C0023866
27433451	235	243	reported	T058	C0700287
27433451	267	275	majority	T054	C0680220
27433451	293	332	stillbirths or died shortly after birth	T033	C1850556
27433451	347	351	case	T077	C1706256
27433451	355	375	Prune belly syndrome	T047	C0033770
27433451	376	399	associated with VACTERL	T019	C1735591

27433916|t|Targeted DNA Sequencing Reveals Patterns of Local Progression in the Pancreatic Remnant Following Resection of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) of the Pancreas
27433916|a|The aim of this study was to characterize patterns of local progression following resection for pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Progression of neoplastic disease in the remnant pancreas following resection of IPMN may include development of a new IPMN or ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, it is not clear whether this progression represents recurrence of the same neoplasm or an independent second neoplasm. Targeted-NGS on genes commonly mutated in IPMN and PDAC was performed on tumors from (1) 13 patients who developed disease progression in the remnant pancreas following resection of IPMN; and (2) 10 patients who underwent a resection for PDAC and had a concomitant IPMN. Mutations in the tumors were compared in order to determine the relationship between neoplasms. In parallel, clinical and pathological characteristics of 260 patients who underwent resection of noninvasive IPMN were reviewed to identify risk factors associated with local progression. We identified 3 mechanisms underlying local progression in the remnant pancreas: (1) residual microscopic disease at the resection margin, (2) intraparenchymal spread of neoplastic cells, leading to an anatomically separate but genetically related recurrence, and (3) multifocal disease with genetically distinct lesions. Analysis of the 260 patients with noninvasive IPMNs showed that family history of pancreatic cancer (P = 0.027) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD) (P = 0.003) were independent risk factors for the development of an IPMN with HGD or an invasive carcinoma in the remnant pancreas. Using NGS, we identify distinct mechanisms for development of metachronous or synchronous neoplasms in patients with IPMN. Patients with a primary IPMN with HGD or with positive family history are at an increased risk to develop subsequent high-risk neoplasms in the remnant pancreas.
27433916	0	23	Targeted DNA Sequencing	UnknownType	C0687728
27433916	24	31	Reveals	T080	C0443289
27433916	32	40	Patterns	T082	C0449774
27433916	44	49	Local	T082	C0205276
27433916	50	61	Progression	T046	C0242656
27433916	69	79	Pancreatic	T023	C0030274
27433916	80	87	Remnant	T018	C3272697
27433916	98	107	Resection	T061	C0015252
27433916	111	150	Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm	T191	C1518869
27433916	152	156	IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	165	173	Pancreas	T023	C0030274
27433916	190	195	study	T062	C2603343
27433916	203	215	characterize	T052	C1880022
27433916	216	224	patterns	T082	C0449774
27433916	228	233	local	T082	C0205276
27433916	234	245	progression	T046	C0242656
27433916	256	265	resection	T061	C0015252
27433916	270	321	pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms	T191	C1518869
27433916	323	327	IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	335	370	targeted next-generation sequencing	UnknownType	C0687728
27433916	372	375	NGS	UnknownType	C0687728
27433916	378	389	Progression	T046	C0242656
27433916	393	411	neoplastic disease	T191	C1882062
27433916	419	426	remnant	T018	C3272697
27433916	427	435	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27433916	446	455	resection	T061	C0015252
27433916	459	463	IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	476	487	development	T169	C1527148
27433916	497	501	IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	505	526	ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1527349
27433916	528	532	PDAC	T191	C1527349
27433916	573	584	progression	T046	C0242656
27433916	596	606	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27433916	619	627	neoplasm	T191	C0027651
27433916	634	645	independent	T078	C0085862
27433916	646	661	second neoplasm	T191	C0085183
27433916	663	675	Targeted-NGS	T063	C2936625
27433916	679	684	genes	T028	C0017337
27433916	694	701	mutated	T045	C0026882
27433916	705	709	IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	714	718	PDAC	T191	C1527349
27433916	736	742	tumors	T191	C0027651
27433916	755	763	patients	T101	C0030705
27433916	778	797	disease progression	T046	C0242656
27433916	805	812	remnant	T018	C3272697
27433916	813	821	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27433916	832	841	resection	T061	C0015252
27433916	845	849	IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	862	870	patients	T101	C0030705
27433916	887	896	resection	T061	C0015252
27433916	901	905	PDAC	T191	C1527349
27433916	916	927	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27433916	928	932	IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	934	943	Mutations	T045	C0026882
27433916	951	957	tumors	T191	C0027651
27433916	998	1010	relationship	T080	C0439849
27433916	1019	1028	neoplasms	T191	C0027651
27433916	1043	1051	clinical	T201	C0683325
27433916	1056	1084	pathological characteristics	T169	C0205469
27433916	1092	1100	patients	T101	C0030705
27433916	1115	1124	resection	T061	C0015252
27433916	1128	1144	noninvasive IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	1150	1158	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27433916	1171	1183	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27433916	1184	1199	associated with	T080	C0332281
27433916	1200	1205	local	T082	C0205276
27433916	1206	1217	progression	T046	C0242656
27433916	1222	1232	identified	T080	C0205396
27433916	1235	1245	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27433916	1257	1262	local	T082	C0205276
27433916	1263	1274	progression	T046	C0242656
27433916	1282	1289	remnant	T018	C3272697
27433916	1290	1298	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27433916	1304	1332	residual microscopic disease	T033	C0278939
27433916	1340	1356	resection margin	T023	C0229985
27433916	1362	1378	intraparenchymal	T023	C1179571
27433916	1379	1385	spread	T191	C0347065
27433916	1389	1405	neoplastic cells	T025	C0597032
27433916	1421	1433	anatomically	T080	C0220784
27433916	1434	1442	separate	T080	C0443299
27433916	1447	1458	genetically	T080	C0205556
27433916	1459	1466	related	T169	C1552599
27433916	1467	1477	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27433916	1487	1505	multifocal disease	T033	C1709084
27433916	1511	1531	genetically distinct	T080	C0205556
27433916	1532	1539	lesions	T033	C0221198
27433916	1541	1549	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27433916	1561	1569	patients	T101	C0030705
27433916	1575	1592	noninvasive IPMNs	T191	C1518869
27433916	1605	1619	family history	T033	C0241889
27433916	1623	1640	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
27433916	1657	1677	high-grade dysplasia	T191	C1518873
27433916	1679	1682	HGD	T191	C1518873
27433916	1701	1712	independent	T078	C0085862
27433916	1713	1725	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27433916	1734	1745	development	T169	C1527148
27433916	1752	1756	IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	1762	1765	HGD	T191	C1518873
27433916	1772	1790	invasive carcinoma	T191	C1334274
27433916	1798	1805	remnant	T018	C3272697
27433916	1806	1814	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27433916	1822	1825	NGS	UnknownType	C0687728
27433916	1848	1858	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27433916	1863	1874	development	T169	C1527148
27433916	1878	1890	metachronous	T191	C0085183
27433916	1894	1915	synchronous neoplasms	T191	C0027663
27433916	1919	1927	patients	T101	C0030705
27433916	1933	1937	IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	1939	1947	Patients	T101	C0030705
27433916	1955	1962	primary	T080	C0205225
27433916	1963	1967	IPMN	T191	C1518869
27433916	1973	1976	HGD	T191	C1518873
27433916	1985	1993	positive	T033	C1446409
27433916	1994	2008	family history	T033	C0241889
27433916	2019	2028	increased	T081	C0205217
27433916	2029	2033	risk	T078	C0035647
27433916	2045	2055	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27433916	2056	2065	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27433916	2066	2075	neoplasms	T191	C0027651
27433916	2083	2090	remnant	T018	C3272697
27433916	2091	2099	pancreas	T023	C0030274

27433933|t|Serum ferritin levels as a useful diagnostic marker for the distinction of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and Kawasaki disease
27433933|a|The clinical features and laboratory parameters of patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (s-JIA) tend to overlap. Furthermore, there have been no definitive biomarkers for these disease s, making clinical diagnosis difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic value of serum ferritin levels for differentiating KD from s-JIA and predicting the disease severity of KD. We analyzed 228 patients with KD and 81 patients with s-JIA. Serum ferritin levels were compared between patients with s-JIA and KD. Furthermore, serum ferritin levels in patients with KD were compared with respect to clinical features such as responsiveness to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy. Serum ferritin levels in KD patients with no response to IVIG therapy were significantly higher than those in KD patients with a good response to IVIG therapy. Serum ferritin levels in patients with KD needing plasma exchange (PE) were significantly higher than those in patients not needing PE. However, serum ferritin levels overlapped between severe KD patients with nonresponsiveness to IVIG therapy or needing PE and other patients with mild KD. Furthermore, patients with s-JIA showed a distinct elevation of serum ferritin levels compared with KD patients. The cutoff value of serum ferritin levels for differentiating KD from s-JIA was 369.6 ng/ml. Serum ferritin levels were significantly elevated in s-JIA patients compared with KD patients. Measurement of serum ferritin levels can be useful for differentiating s-JIA from KD.
27433933	0	21	Serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	34	51	diagnostic marker	T201	C1511876
27433933	75	113	systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis	T047	C1384600
27433933	118	134	Kawasaki disease	T047	C0026691
27433933	139	156	clinical features	T080	C0008963
27433933	161	182	laboratory parameters	T060	C0011911
27433933	186	194	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	200	216	Kawasaki disease	T047	C0026691
27433933	218	220	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	226	264	systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis	T047	C1384600
27433933	266	271	s-JIA	T047	C1384600
27433933	281	288	overlap	T079	C1948020
27433933	322	332	definitive	T079	C0443196
27433933	333	343	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27433933	354	361	disease	T047	C0012634
27433933	354	363	disease s	T047	C0012634
27433933	372	390	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
27433933	435	446	investigate	T058	C0220825
27433933	451	461	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27433933	451	467	diagnostic value	T033	C0243095
27433933	471	492	serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	497	512	differentiating	T080	C1705242
27433933	513	515	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	521	526	s-JIA	T047	C1384600
27433933	546	562	disease severity	T080	C0521117
27433933	566	568	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	586	594	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	600	602	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	610	618	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	624	629	s-JIA	T047	C1384600
27433933	631	652	Serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	675	683	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	689	694	s-JIA	T047	C1384600
27433933	699	701	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	716	737	serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	741	749	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	755	757	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	788	805	clinical features	T080	C0008963
27433933	814	828	responsiveness	T201	C0521982
27433933	832	858	intravenous immunoglobulin	T116,T121,T129	C0085297
27433933	844	873	immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy	T061	C0021022
27433933	860	864	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0085297
27433933	875	896	Serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	900	902	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	903	911	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	917	928	no response	T033	C4282382
27433933	932	936	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0085297
27433933	932	944	IVIG therapy	T061	C0021022
27433933	950	970	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27433933	985	987	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	988	996	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	1009	1017	response	T201	C0521982
27433933	1021	1025	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0085297
27433933	1021	1033	IVIG therapy	T061	C0021022
27433933	1035	1056	Serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	1060	1068	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	1074	1076	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	1085	1100	plasma exchange	T061	C0032113
27433933	1102	1104	PE	T061	C0032113
27433933	1102	1104	PE	T061	C0032113
27433933	1146	1154	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	1167	1169	PE	T061	C0032113
27433933	1180	1201	serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	1228	1230	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	1231	1239	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	1245	1262	nonresponsiveness	T033	C4282382
27433933	1266	1270	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0085297
27433933	1266	1278	IVIG therapy	T061	C0021022
27433933	1290	1292	PE	T061	C0032113
27433933	1303	1311	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	1322	1324	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	1339	1347	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	1353	1358	s-JIA	T047	C1384600
27433933	1390	1411	serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	1426	1428	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	1429	1437	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	1443	1455	cutoff value	T081	C0392762
27433933	1459	1480	serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	1485	1500	differentiating	T080	C1705242
27433933	1501	1503	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	1509	1514	s-JIA	T047	C1384600
27433933	1532	1553	Serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	1585	1590	s-JIA	T047	C1384600
27433933	1591	1599	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	1614	1616	KD	T047	C0026691
27433933	1617	1625	patients	T101	C0030705
27433933	1627	1663	Measurement of serum ferritin levels	T059	C0696113
27433933	1682	1697	differentiating	T080	C1705242
27433933	1698	1703	s-JIA	T047	C1384600
27433933	1709	1711	KD	T047	C0026691

27434049|t|Changes in Cardiovascular Health Status and the Risk of New-Onset Hypertension in Kailuan Cohort Study
27434049|a|American Heart Association cardiovascular health metrics are intimately related to cardiovascular diseases. Acting as a key independent risk factor for high morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension and its relationship between health status get urgent attention. While the influence of individual health status changes and the future risk of new-onset hypertension is rarely understood, the present study applied this construct to assess the changes of cardiovascular health status and the morbidity of hypertension in Kailuan cohort study in north China. The Cardiovascular Health Score (CHS) was evaluated by the follow-ups of 2006-2007, 2008-2009, 2010-2011 and 2012-2013. The study population (n = 19381) was divided into 5 groups based on the changes in their CHS score between the first two follow-ups (△CHS) of 2006-2007 and 2008-2009 (≤-2, -1, 0, 1, ≥2). The morbidity of hypertension was collected during 2010-2011 and 2012-2013 follow-ups. Data analysis showed that during a median follow-up of 3.79±0.96 years, morbidity of hypertension had a graded relationship with △CHS. As △CHS scored from low to high, the standardized morbidity of hypertension for all participants were 81.40, 75.47, 68.37, 71.43 and 83.13 per 1000 person-year, respectively. An increased △CHS score of 1 was associated with a 10% decrease in the future risk of new-onset hypertension (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.88-0.92). In conclusion, there was a strong inverse relationship between the incidence of new-onset hypertension and elevation of cardiovascular health metrics. Population -wide prevention, especially the promotion of lifestyle improvements, is critical to reducing the morbidity of new-onset hypertension.
27434049	0	7	Changes	T169	C0392747
27434049	11	25	Cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27434049	26	39	Health Status	T080	C0018759
27434049	48	55	Risk of	T078	C0035647
27434049	56	78	New-Onset Hypertension	UnknownType	C0745129
27434049	82	89	Kailuan	T098	C1257890
27434049	90	102	Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27434049	103	129	American Heart Association	T093	C0002458
27434049	130	144	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27434049	145	159	health metrics	T170	C0282574
27434049	186	209	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
27434049	223	226	key	T080	C3898777
27434049	239	250	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27434049	255	259	high	T080	C0205250
27434049	260	269	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27434049	274	283	mortality	T081	C0681679
27434049	287	310	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
27434049	312	324	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27434049	333	345	relationship	T080	C0439849
27434049	354	367	health status	T080	C0018759
27434049	379	388	attention	T041	C0004268
27434049	400	409	influence	T077	C4054723
27434049	413	423	individual	T098	C0027361
27434049	424	437	health status	T080	C0018759
27434049	438	445	changes	T169	C0392747
27434049	461	468	risk of	T078	C0035647
27434049	469	491	new-onset hypertension	UnknownType	C0745129
27434049	558	564	assess	T058	C0184514
27434049	569	576	changes	T169	C0392747
27434049	580	594	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27434049	595	608	health status	T080	C0018759
27434049	617	626	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27434049	630	642	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27434049	646	653	Kailuan	T098	C1257890
27434049	654	666	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27434049	670	675	north	T082	C1709269
27434049	676	681	China	T083	C0008115
27434049	687	701	Cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27434049	702	714	Health Score	T081	C0449820
27434049	716	719	CHS	T081	C0449820
27434049	725	734	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27434049	742	752	follow-ups	T058	C3274571
27434049	807	823	study population	T098	C2348561
27434049	840	847	divided	T169	C0332849
27434049	855	861	groups	T078	C0441833
27434049	875	882	changes	T169	C0392747
27434049	892	901	CHS score	T081	C0449820
27434049	924	934	follow-ups	T058	C3274571
27434049	994	1003	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27434049	1007	1019	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27434049	1024	1033	collected	T169	C1516698
27434049	1034	1040	during	T079	C0347984
27434049	1065	1075	follow-ups	T058	C3274571
27434049	1077	1090	Data analysis	T057	C0010992
27434049	1103	1109	during	T079	C0347984
27434049	1112	1118	median	T081	C0876920
27434049	1119	1128	follow-up	T058	C3274571
27434049	1149	1158	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27434049	1162	1174	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27434049	1188	1200	relationship	T080	C0439849
27434049	1249	1261	standardized	T058	C1255664
27434049	1262	1271	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27434049	1275	1287	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27434049	1296	1308	participants	T098	C0679646
27434049	1390	1399	increased	T081	C0205217
27434049	1442	1450	decrease	T081	C0547047
27434049	1458	1464	future	T079	C0016884
27434049	1465	1472	risk of	T078	C0035647
27434049	1473	1495	new-onset hypertension	UnknownType	C0745129
27434049	1511	1513	CI	T081	C0009667
27434049	1569	1581	relationship	T080	C0439849
27434049	1607	1629	new-onset hypertension	UnknownType	C0745129
27434049	1634	1643	elevation	T080	C3163633
27434049	1647	1661	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27434049	1662	1676	health metrics	T170	C0282574
27434049	1678	1688	Population	T098	C1257890
27434049	1695	1705	prevention	T080	C2700409
27434049	1722	1731	promotion	T058	C0018738
27434049	1735	1744	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27434049	1745	1757	improvements	T077	C2986411
27434049	1762	1770	critical	T080	C1511545
27434049	1774	1782	reducing	T080	C0392756
27434049	1787	1796	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27434049	1800	1822	new-onset hypertension	UnknownType	C0745129

27434112|t|Phenozan, a Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidant, Inhibits the Development of Spontaneous Tumors in Rats and Mice
27434112|a|Synthetic phenolic antioxidant β-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) propionic acid, named phenozan, is a potential antiepileptic drug. In pre-clinical trials this substance did not manifest any toxicity, and also inhibited the development of some spontaneous tumors in animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate inhibiting effect of phenozan on spontaneous carcinogenesis in rats and mice. In experiments with rats LIO and mice SHR of local breeding, with high spontaneous tumor incidence, phenozan was dissolved in sunflower oil and administered by gavage in therapeutic dose 5 mg/kg 3 times per week for 18 months. There were no any signs of toxicity and differences in weight of animals during the phenozan treatment compared with the control (sunflower oil). Phenozan significantly reduced the overall incidence and multiplicity of all tumors but only multiplicity of malignant tumors, compared with the control. Moreover a significant decrease of overall incidence and multiplicity was observed in pituitary and breast tumors in females and only overall multiplicity of tumors of pituitary and lymphoid tissue in males. In mice phenozan reduced overall incidence and multiplicity of lung tumors (in females) and also overall multiplicity of all tumors (in females) and only malignant tumors (in males). These findings allow us to classify phenozan as anticarcinogenic agent. Anticarcinogenic activity of phenozan is important because clinical study of this drug as the possible antiepileptic drug goes along and it is known that such drugs are designed for long-term use.
27434112	0	8	Phenozan	T109,T121	C0060186
27434112	12	30	Synthetic Phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
27434112	31	42	Antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27434112	44	52	Inhibits	T052	C3463820
27434112	57	68	Development	T169	C1527148
27434112	72	83	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27434112	84	90	Tumors	T191	C0027651
27434112	94	98	Rats	T015	C0034721
27434112	103	107	Mice	T015	C0025929
27434112	108	126	Synthetic phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
27434112	127	138	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27434112	139	191	β-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl) propionic acid	T121	C1254351
27434112	199	207	phenozan	T109,T121	C0060186
27434112	214	223	potential	T080	C3245505
27434112	224	242	antiepileptic drug	T121	C0003299
27434112	247	259	pre-clinical	T080	C1709630
27434112	260	266	trials	T062	C0008976
27434112	272	281	substance	T167	C0439861
27434112	290	298	manifest	T169	C0205319
27434112	303	311	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27434112	322	331	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27434112	336	347	development	T169	C1527148
27434112	356	367	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27434112	368	374	tumors	T191	C0027651
27434112	378	385	animals	T008	C0003062
27434112	407	412	study	T062	C2603343
27434112	420	428	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27434112	429	439	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27434112	440	449	effect of	T080	C1704420
27434112	450	458	phenozan	T109,T121	C0060186
27434112	462	473	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27434112	474	488	carcinogenesis	T191	C0596263
27434112	492	496	rats	T015	C0034721
27434112	501	505	mice	T015	C0025929
27434112	510	521	experiments	T062	C0681814
27434112	527	535	rats LIO	T015	C0034721
27434112	540	548	mice SHR	T015	C0025929
27434112	552	557	local	T082	C0205276
27434112	558	566	breeding	T040	C0178477
27434112	573	577	high	T080	C0205250
27434112	578	589	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27434112	590	595	tumor	T191	C0027651
27434112	596	605	incidence	T081	C0021149
27434112	607	615	phenozan	T109,T121	C0060186
27434112	633	646	sunflower oil	T109,T168	C0075639
27434112	651	663	administered	T169	C1621583
27434112	667	673	gavage	T169	C2698653
27434112	677	688	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27434112	689	693	dose	T081	C0178602
27434112	704	709	times	T081	C1632851
27434112	714	718	week	T079	C0439230
27434112	726	732	months	T079	C0439231
27434112	761	769	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27434112	774	785	differences	T081	C1705241
27434112	789	795	weight	T032	C0005910
27434112	799	806	animals	T008	C0003062
27434112	818	826	phenozan	T109,T121	C0060186
27434112	837	845	compared	T052	C1707455
27434112	855	862	control	T096	C0009932
27434112	864	877	sunflower oil	T109,T168	C0075639
27434112	880	888	Phenozan	T109,T121	C0060186
27434112	889	902	significantly	T078	C0750502
27434112	903	910	reduced	T080	C0392756
27434112	915	922	overall	T080	C1561607
27434112	923	932	incidence	T081	C0021149
27434112	937	949	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27434112	957	963	tumors	T191	C0027651
27434112	973	985	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27434112	989	1005	malignant tumors	T191	C0006826
27434112	1007	1015	compared	T052	C1707455
27434112	1025	1032	control	T096	C0009932
27434112	1045	1056	significant	T078	C0750502
27434112	1057	1065	decrease	T081	C0547047
27434112	1069	1076	overall	T080	C1561607
27434112	1077	1086	incidence	T081	C0021149
27434112	1091	1103	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27434112	1120	1129	pituitary	T191	C0032019
27434112	1134	1147	breast tumors	T191	C1458155
27434112	1151	1158	females	T032	C0086287
27434112	1168	1175	overall	T080	C1561607
27434112	1176	1188	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27434112	1192	1198	tumors	T191	C0027651
27434112	1202	1211	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27434112	1216	1231	lymphoid tissue	T024	C0024296
27434112	1235	1240	males	T032	C0086582
27434112	1245	1249	mice	T015	C0025929
27434112	1250	1258	phenozan	T109,T121	C0060186
27434112	1267	1274	overall	T080	C1561607
27434112	1275	1284	incidence	T081	C0021149
27434112	1289	1301	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27434112	1305	1316	lung tumors	T191	C0024121
27434112	1321	1328	females	T032	C0086287
27434112	1339	1346	overall	T080	C1561607
27434112	1347	1359	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27434112	1367	1373	tumors	T191	C0027651
27434112	1378	1385	females	T032	C0086287
27434112	1396	1412	malignant tumors	T191	C0006826
27434112	1417	1422	males	T032	C0086582
27434112	1461	1469	phenozan	T109,T121	C0060186
27434112	1473	1495	anticarcinogenic agent	T121	C0085169
27434112	1497	1513	Anticarcinogenic	T121	C0085169
27434112	1514	1522	activity	T052	C0441655
27434112	1526	1534	phenozan	T109,T121	C0060186
27434112	1538	1547	important	T080	C3898777
27434112	1556	1570	clinical study	T062	C0008972
27434112	1579	1583	drug	T121	C1254351
27434112	1600	1618	antiepileptic drug	T121	C0003299
27434112	1656	1661	drugs	T121	C1254351
27434112	1679	1688	long-term	T079	C0443252
27434112	1689	1692	use	T169	C0457083

27435204|t|Medicare claims indicators of healthcare utilization differences after hospitalization for ischemic stroke: Race, gender, and caregiving effects
27435204|a|Background Differences in healthcare utilization after stroke may partly explain race or gender differences in stroke outcomes and identify factors that might reduce post - acute stroke care costs. Aim To examine systematic differences in Medicare claims for healthcare utilization after hospitalization for ischemic stroke in a US population -based sample. Methods Claims were examined over a six-month period after hospitalization for 279 ischemic stroke survivors 65 years or older from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Statistical analyses examined differences in post - acute healthcare utilization, adjusted for pre - stroke utilization, as a function of race (African-American vs. White), gender, age, stroke belt residence, income, Medicaid dual-eligibility, Charlson comorbidity index, and whether the person lived with an available caregiver. Results After adjusting for covariates, women were more likely than men to receive home health care and to use emergency department services during the post - acute care period. These effects were maintained even after further adjustment for acute stroke severity. African-Americans had more home health care visits than Whites among patients who received some home health care. Having a co-residing caregiver was associated with reduced acute hospitalization length of stay and fewer post - acute emergency department and primary care physician visits. Conclusions Underutilization of healthcare after stroke does not appear to explain poorer long-term stroke outcomes for women and African-Americans in this epidemiologically -derived sample. Caregiver availability may contribute to reduced formal care and cost during the post - acute period.
27435204	0	8	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27435204	9	15	claims	T170	C3242446
27435204	16	26	indicators	T169	C1522602
27435204	30	40	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27435204	41	52	utilization	T169	C0042153
27435204	53	64	differences	T080	C1705242
27435204	71	86	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27435204	91	106	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27435204	108	112	Race	T098	C0034510
27435204	114	120	gender	T032	C0079399
27435204	126	136	caregiving	T052	C1947933
27435204	137	144	effects	T080	C1280500
27435204	145	155	Background	T077	C1706907
27435204	156	167	Differences	T080	C1705242
27435204	171	181	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27435204	182	193	utilization	T169	C0042153
27435204	200	206	stroke	T047	C0948008
27435204	226	230	race	T098	C0034510
27435204	234	240	gender	T032	C0079399
27435204	241	252	differences	T080	C1705242
27435204	256	262	stroke	T047	C0948008
27435204	285	292	factors	T169	C1521761
27435204	304	310	reduce	T080	C0392756
27435204	311	315	post	T079	C0687676
27435204	318	330	acute stroke	T047	C0751956
27435204	331	341	care costs	T081	C0086600
27435204	358	368	systematic	T169	C0220922
27435204	369	380	differences	T080	C1705242
27435204	384	392	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27435204	393	399	claims	T170	C3242446
27435204	404	414	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27435204	415	426	utilization	T169	C0042153
27435204	433	448	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27435204	453	468	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27435204	474	476	US	T083	C0041703
27435204	477	487	population	T098	C1257890
27435204	495	501	sample	T096	C0681850
27435204	511	517	Claims	T170	C3242446
27435204	523	531	examined	T033	C0332128
27435204	539	548	six-month	T079	C0439231
27435204	549	555	period	T079	C1948053
27435204	562	577	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27435204	586	601	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27435204	602	611	survivors	T101	C0206194
27435204	615	620	years	T079	C0439234
27435204	624	629	older	T098	C0001792
27435204	639	646	REasons	T078	C0392360
27435204	651	661	Geographic	T078	C1171306
27435204	666	684	Racial Differences	T033	C0682075
27435204	688	694	Stroke	T047	C0948008
27435204	696	703	REGARDS	T047	C0948008
27435204	712	732	Statistical analyses	T062	C0871424
27435204	733	741	examined	T033	C0332128
27435204	742	753	differences	T080	C1705242
27435204	757	761	post	T079	C0687676
27435204	764	780	acute healthcare	T058	C0679878
27435204	781	792	utilization	T169	C0042153
27435204	807	810	pre	T079	C0332152
27435204	813	819	stroke	T047	C0948008
27435204	820	831	utilization	T169	C0042153
27435204	838	846	function	T169	C0542341
27435204	850	854	race	T098	C0034510
27435204	856	872	African-American	T098	C0085756
27435204	877	882	White	T098	C0007457
27435204	885	891	gender	T032	C0079399
27435204	893	896	age	T032	C0001779
27435204	898	909	stroke belt	UnknownType	C0681784
27435204	910	919	residence	T082	C0237096
27435204	921	927	income	T081	C0021162
27435204	929	954	Medicaid dual-eligibility	T064	C3494385
27435204	956	982	Charlson comorbidity index	T170	C3714916
27435204	1000	1006	person	T098	C0027361
27435204	1007	1012	lived	T052	C2982691
27435204	1021	1030	available	T169	C0470187
27435204	1031	1040	caregiver	T097	C0085537
27435204	1082	1087	women	T098	C0043210
27435204	1110	1113	men	T098	C0025266
27435204	1117	1124	receive	T080	C1514756
27435204	1125	1141	home health care	T058	C3845073
27435204	1153	1182	emergency department services	T058	C0374899
27435204	1194	1198	post	T079	C0687676
27435204	1201	1211	acute care	T058	C0679878
27435204	1212	1218	period	T079	C1948053
27435204	1226	1233	effects	T080	C1280500
27435204	1239	1249	maintained	T169	C1314677
27435204	1261	1268	further	T082	C1517331
27435204	1269	1279	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27435204	1284	1296	acute stroke	T047	C0751956
27435204	1297	1305	severity	T080	C0439793
27435204	1307	1324	African-Americans	T098	C0085756
27435204	1334	1350	home health care	T058	C3845073
27435204	1351	1357	visits	T058	C1512346
27435204	1363	1369	Whites	T098	C0007457
27435204	1376	1384	patients	T101	C0030705
27435204	1389	1397	received	T080	C1709850
27435204	1403	1419	home health care	T058	C3845073
27435204	1430	1441	co-residing	T052	C2982691
27435204	1442	1451	caregiver	T097	C0085537
27435204	1456	1471	associated with	T080	C0332281
27435204	1472	1479	reduced	T080	C0392756
27435204	1480	1501	acute hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27435204	1502	1516	length of stay	T079	C0023303
27435204	1527	1531	post	T079	C0687676
27435204	1534	1560	acute emergency department	T058	C0586082
27435204	1565	1594	primary care physician visits	T058	C3251682
27435204	1608	1638	Underutilization of healthcare	T055	C4042758
27435204	1645	1651	stroke	T047	C0948008
27435204	1686	1695	long-term	T079	C0443252
27435204	1696	1702	stroke	T047	C0948008
27435204	1716	1721	women	T098	C0043210
27435204	1726	1743	African-Americans	T098	C0085756
27435204	1752	1769	epidemiologically	T169	C0014508
27435204	1779	1785	sample	T096	C0681850
27435204	1787	1796	Caregiver	T097	C0085537
27435204	1797	1809	availability	T169	C0470187
27435204	1814	1824	contribute	T052	C1880177
27435204	1828	1835	reduced	T080	C0392756
27435204	1836	1847	formal care	T052	C1947933
27435204	1852	1856	cost	T081	C0010186
27435204	1868	1872	post	T079	C0687676
27435204	1875	1880	acute	T058	C0679878
27435204	1881	1887	period	T079	C1948053

27435336|t|Towards next-generation sequencing analytics for foodborne RNA viruses: Examining the effect of RNA input quantity and viral RNA purity
27435336|a|Detection and identification of viruses in food samples are technically challenging due largely to the low viral copy number in contaminated food items, and the lack of effective culture enrichment methods that are amenable to regulatory applications for many of the common foodborne viruses. Using an Illumina MiSeq platform and two hepatitis A virus (HAV) cell-culture adapted strains as a representative enteric virus species, this study examined the limits of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viral detection following next-generation sequencing without pre-amplification of the viral genome. Complete viral genome sequences were obtained from HAV samples of varying purities and with an input as low as 2ng total RNA containing 1.4×10(5) copies of viral RNA. In addition, single nucleotide variations were reproducibly detected over the range of concentrations examined, and their identity confirmed by alternate sequencing technology. In summary, next-generation sequencing technology has the potential for sensitive detection / identification of a viral genome at a low copy number. This study provides a benchmark for metagenomic sequencing application as is required for virus detection in complex food matrices using a culture -independent diagnostic approach.
27435336	8	44	next-generation sequencing analytics	T063	C2936622
27435336	49	58	foodborne	T169	C3242390
27435336	59	70	RNA viruses	T005	C0035691
27435336	86	92	effect	T080	C1280500
27435336	96	99	RNA	T114	C0035668
27435336	106	114	quantity	T081	C1265611
27435336	119	128	viral RNA	T114	C0035736
27435336	129	135	purity	T081	C1882508
27435336	136	145	Detection	T059	C1294356
27435336	150	164	identification	T059	C0599616
27435336	168	175	viruses	T005	C0035691
27435336	179	191	food samples	T167	C0444315
27435336	243	248	viral	T005	C0042776
27435336	249	260	copy number	T081	C1707513
27435336	264	287	contaminated food items	T168	C0453834
27435336	315	341	culture enrichment methods	T059	C0022885
27435336	363	386	regulatory applications	T170	C2347934
27435336	410	419	foodborne	T169	C3242390
27435336	420	427	viruses	T005	C0035691
27435336	438	461	Illumina MiSeq platform	T170	C3898361
27435336	470	487	hepatitis A virus	T005	C0376325
27435336	489	492	HAV	T005	C0376325
27435336	494	506	cell-culture	T059	C0007585
27435336	515	522	strains	T080	C0456178
27435336	551	556	virus	T005	C0042776
27435336	571	576	study	T062	C2603343
27435336	600	619	single-stranded RNA	T114	C3272452
27435336	621	626	ssRNA	T114	C3272452
27435336	628	643	viral detection	T059	C1294356
27435336	654	680	next-generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
27435336	689	706	pre-amplification	T045	C0017256
27435336	714	726	viral genome	T028	C0042720
27435336	737	749	viral genome	T028	C0042720
27435336	750	759	sequences	T086	C0004793
27435336	779	782	HAV	T005	C0376325
27435336	802	810	purities	T081	C1882508
27435336	849	852	RNA	T114	C0035668
27435336	884	893	viral RNA	T114	C0035736
27435336	908	936	single nucleotide variations	T086	C0752046
27435336	1039	1070	alternate sequencing technology	T063	C1513384
27435336	1084	1121	next-generation sequencing technology	T063	C2936622
27435336	1154	1163	detection	T059	C1294356
27435336	1166	1180	identification	T059	C0599616
27435336	1186	1198	viral genome	T028	C0042720
27435336	1208	1219	copy number	T081	C1707513
27435336	1226	1231	study	T062	C2603343
27435336	1257	1291	metagenomic sequencing application	T063	C1513384
27435336	1311	1326	virus detection	T059	C1294356
27435336	1338	1342	food	T168	C0016452
27435336	1360	1367	culture	T059	C0430400
27435336	1381	1400	diagnostic approach	T060	C0430022

27435702|t|Long-Term Safety Follow-Up of Subjects Previously Treated with Non-Replicating Retroviral Vector -Based Gene Therapies
27435702|a|Our objective was to evaluate the life-long safety profile of gene therapy using retroviral (non-replicating) vectors (nRCR), or cell products in 127 subjects with hemophilia, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or cancer, previously treated with such gene therapy. We assessed the occurrence of serious adverse events (SAEs), deaths and presence of replication competent retrovirus (RCR). A total of 23 subjects remained until the data cut-off date of 31 July 2013 and provided safety information of up to 18 years. Of the 104 subjects who discontinued, the primary reason was loss to follow-up (47.2 %; n = 60). The follow-up period for the 60 subjects lost to follow-up was 7-10 years. A total of 41 subjects experienced at least one SAE, and 15 subjects died. We reviewed SAEs and cause of death (none related to the active therapy), but no evidence was found for safety signals related to new malignancy or neurologic, rheumatological, autoimmune, or hematologic disorder. RCR results were negative, indicating no evidence for in vivo vector persistence. Despite the loss of follow-up, which is the limiting factor in this long-term safety trial, the findings from this long-term follow-up study are encouraging.
27435702	0	26	Long-Term Safety Follow-Up	T058	C1517942
27435702	30	38	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27435702	39	49	Previously	T079	C0205156
27435702	50	62	Treated with	T061	C0332293
27435702	63	78	Non-Replicating	T080	C0205556
27435702	79	96	Retroviral Vector	T114	C1514926
27435702	104	118	Gene Therapies	T061	C0017296
27435702	123	132	objective	T170	C0018017
27435702	140	148	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27435702	153	177	life-long safety profile	T062	C1705187
27435702	181	193	gene therapy	T061	C0017296
27435702	200	236	retroviral (non-replicating) vectors	T114	C1514926
27435702	238	242	nRCR	T114	C1514926
27435702	248	252	cell	T025	C0007634
27435702	253	261	products	T071	C1514468
27435702	269	277	subjects	T098	C0080105
27435702	283	293	hemophilia	T047	C0684275
27435702	295	323	human immunodeficiency virus	T005	C0019682
27435702	325	328	HIV	T005	C0019682
27435702	334	340	cancer	T191	C0006826
27435702	342	352	previously	T079	C0205156
27435702	353	365	treated with	T061	C0332293
27435702	371	383	gene therapy	T061	C0017296
27435702	388	396	assessed	T052	C1516048
27435702	401	411	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27435702	415	437	serious adverse events	T033	C1519255
27435702	439	443	SAEs	T033	C1519255
27435702	446	452	deaths	T040	C0011065
27435702	457	465	presence	T080	C3854307
27435702	469	501	replication competent retrovirus	T114	C3828339
27435702	503	506	RCR	T114	C3828339
27435702	523	531	subjects	T098	C0080105
27435702	589	597	provided	T052	C1999230
27435702	598	616	safety information	T170	C2964262
27435702	647	655	subjects	T098	C0080105
27435702	660	672	discontinued	T033	C1444662
27435702	678	692	primary reason	T078	C1549995
27435702	697	714	loss to follow-up	T033	C0420315
27435702	737	746	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27435702	747	753	period	T079	C1948053
27435702	765	773	subjects	T098	C0080105
27435702	774	791	lost to follow-up	T033	C0420315
27435702	822	830	subjects	T098	C0080105
27435702	831	842	experienced	T041	C0237607
27435702	856	859	SAE	T033	C1519255
27435702	868	876	subjects	T098	C0080105
27435702	877	881	died	T040	C0011065
27435702	886	894	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27435702	895	899	SAEs	T033	C1519255
27435702	904	918	cause of death	T033	C0007465
27435702	940	946	active	T169	C0205177
27435702	947	954	therapy	T061	C0087111
27435702	964	972	evidence	T078	C3887511
27435702	987	993	safety	T068	C0036043
27435702	994	1001	signals	T067	C1710082
27435702	1017	1027	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27435702	1031	1041	neurologic	T080	C0205494
27435702	1043	1058	rheumatological	T047	C0035435
27435702	1060	1070	autoimmune	T047	C0004364
27435702	1075	1095	hematologic disorder	T047	C0018939
27435702	1097	1100	RCR	T114	C3828339
27435702	1101	1108	results	T034	C0456984
27435702	1114	1122	negative	T033	C1513916
27435702	1124	1134	indicating	T078	C3146298
27435702	1135	1146	no evidence	T080	C0332125
27435702	1151	1158	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27435702	1159	1165	vector	T008	C0012656
27435702	1166	1177	persistence	T079	C0205322
27435702	1191	1208	loss of follow-up	T033	C0420315
27435702	1223	1231	limiting	T169	C0439801
27435702	1232	1238	factor	T169	C1521761
27435702	1247	1256	long-term	T079	C0443252
27435702	1257	1269	safety trial	T062	C1705187
27435702	1275	1283	findings	T033	C0243095
27435702	1294	1313	long-term follow-up	T058	C1517942
27435702	1314	1319	study	T062	C2603343

27435835|t|An HIV - tailored quit - smoking counselling pilot intervention targeting depressive symptoms plus Nicotine Replacement Therapy
27435835|a|Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates among people living with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) are high. Rates of cigarette smoking, a leading contributor to CVD among PHAs, are 40-70% (2-3 times higher than the general population). Furthermore, PHAs have high rates of depression (40-60%), a risk factor for smoking cessation relapse. The current pilot study examined the effectiveness of a specifically tailored 5- session smoking cessation counselling programme for PHAs, which addressed depression, in combination with Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) in a cohort of PHA smokers (n = 50). At 6- month follow-up, 28% of participants demonstrated biochemically verified abstinence from smoking. This result compares favourably to other quit - smoking intervention studies, particularly given the high percentage of HIV+ smokers with depression. At study baseline, 52% of HIV+ smokers scored above the clinical cut-off for depression on the Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale. HIV+ smokers with depression at study baseline demonstrated quantitatively lower depression at 6- month follow-up with a large effect size (d = 1), though it did not reach statistical significance (p = .058). Furthermore, those with depression were no more likely to relapse than those without depression (p = .33), suggesting that our counselling programme adequately addressed this significant barrier to smoking cessation among PHAs. Our pilot study indicates the importance of tailored programmes to help PHAs quit smoking, the significance of addressing depressive symptoms, and the need for tailored counselling programmes to enhance quit rates among PHAs.
27435835	3	6	HIV	T005	C0019682
27435835	9	17	tailored	T058	C2986593
27435835	18	22	quit	T052	C1947925
27435835	25	32	smoking	T055	C0037369
27435835	33	44	counselling	T058	C0010210
27435835	45	50	pilot	T062	C0031928
27435835	51	63	intervention	T061	C0184661
27435835	64	73	targeting	T169	C1521840
27435835	74	93	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27435835	99	127	Nicotine Replacement Therapy	T061	C1278444
27435835	128	150	Cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27435835	152	155	CVD	T047	C0007222
27435835	157	162	rates	T081	C0026538
27435835	169	175	people	T098	C0027361
27435835	176	196	living with HIV/AIDS	T101	C2963182
27435835	198	202	PHAs	T101	C2963182
27435835	208	212	high	T080	C0205250
27435835	214	219	Rates	T081	C1521828
27435835	223	240	cigarette smoking	T055	C0700219
27435835	244	251	leading	T169	C1522538
27435835	252	263	contributor	T052	C1880177
27435835	267	270	CVD	T047	C0007222
27435835	277	281	PHAs	T101	C2963182
27435835	305	311	higher	T080	C0205250
27435835	321	339	general population	T098	C0683971
27435835	355	359	PHAs	T101	C2963182
27435835	365	369	high	T080	C0205250
27435835	370	375	rates	T081	C1521828
27435835	379	389	depression	T048	C0011570
27435835	402	413	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27435835	418	425	smoking	T055	C0037369
27435835	426	435	cessation	T052	C1880019
27435835	436	443	relapse	T067	C0035020
27435835	457	468	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27435835	469	477	examined	T033	C0332128
27435835	482	495	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27435835	514	522	tailored	T058	C2986593
27435835	526	533	session	T051	C1883016
27435835	534	541	smoking	T055	C0037369
27435835	542	551	cessation	T052	C1880019
27435835	552	573	counselling programme	T058	C0010210
27435835	578	582	PHAs	T101	C2963182
27435835	600	610	depression	T048	C0011570
27435835	632	660	Nicotine Replacement Therapy	T061	C1278444
27435835	662	665	NRT	T061	C1278444
27435835	672	678	cohort	T098	C0599755
27435835	682	685	PHA	T101	C2963182
27435835	686	693	smokers	T033	C0337664
27435835	710	715	month	T079	C0439231
27435835	716	725	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27435835	734	746	participants	T098	C0679646
27435835	760	773	biochemically	T169	C0205474
27435835	774	782	verified	T169	C1711411
27435835	783	793	abstinence	T061	C3843422
27435835	799	806	smoking	T055	C0037369
27435835	813	819	result	T033	C2825142
27435835	820	828	compares	T052	C1707455
27435835	849	853	quit	T052	C1947925
27435835	856	863	smoking	T055	C0037369
27435835	864	876	intervention	T061	C0184661
27435835	877	884	studies	T062	C0008972
27435835	909	913	high	T080	C0205250
27435835	914	924	percentage	T081	C0439165
27435835	928	932	HIV+	T034	C0019699
27435835	933	940	smokers	T033	C0337664
27435835	946	956	depression	T048	C0011570
27435835	961	966	study	T062	C0008972
27435835	967	975	baseline	T081	C1442488
27435835	984	988	HIV+	T034	C0019699
27435835	989	996	smokers	T033	C0337664
27435835	1014	1022	clinical	T080	C0205210
27435835	1023	1030	cut-off	T169	C1442160
27435835	1035	1045	depression	T048	C0011570
27435835	1053	1114	Centre for Epidemiological Studies - Depression (CES-D) scale	T170	C0679604
27435835	1116	1120	HIV+	T034	C0019699
27435835	1121	1128	smokers	T033	C0337664
27435835	1134	1144	depression	T048	C0011570
27435835	1148	1153	study	T062	C0008972
27435835	1154	1162	baseline	T081	C1442488
27435835	1176	1190	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
27435835	1191	1196	lower	T052	C2003888
27435835	1197	1207	depression	T048	C0011570
27435835	1214	1219	month	T079	C0439231
27435835	1220	1229	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27435835	1237	1242	large	T081	C0549177
27435835	1243	1254	effect size	T081	C0814843
27435835	1288	1312	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
27435835	1349	1359	depression	T048	C0011570
27435835	1383	1390	relapse	T067	C0035020
27435835	1410	1420	depression	T048	C0011570
27435835	1452	1473	counselling programme	T058	C0010210
27435835	1474	1484	adequately	T080	C0205411
27435835	1500	1511	significant	T078	C0750502
27435835	1512	1519	barrier	T080	C0679881
27435835	1523	1530	smoking	T055	C0037369
27435835	1531	1540	cessation	T052	C1880019
27435835	1547	1551	PHAs	T101	C2963182
27435835	1557	1568	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27435835	1583	1593	importance	T080	C3898777
27435835	1597	1616	tailored programmes	T058	C2986593
27435835	1625	1629	PHAs	T101	C2963182
27435835	1630	1634	quit	T052	C1947925
27435835	1635	1642	smoking	T055	C0037369
27435835	1648	1660	significance	T078	C0750502
27435835	1675	1694	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27435835	1713	1744	tailored counselling programmes	T058	C2986593
27435835	1748	1755	enhance	T052	C2349975
27435835	1756	1760	quit	T052	C1947925
27435835	1761	1766	rates	T081	C1521828
27435835	1773	1777	PHAs	T101	C2963182

27435854|t|Growth arrest of lung carcinoma cells (A549) by polyacrylate - anchored peroxovanadate by activating Rac1 - NADPH oxidase signalling axis
27435854|a|Hydrogen peroxide is often required in sublethal, millimolar concentrations to show its oxidant effects on cells in culture as it is easily destroyed by cellular catalase. Previously, we had shown that diperoxovanadate, a physiologically stable peroxovanadium compound, can substitute H2O2 effectively in peroxidation reactions. We report here that peroxovanadate when anchored to polyacrylic acid (PAPV) becomes a highly potent inhibitor of growth of lung carcinoma cells (A549). The early events associated with PAPV treatment included cytoskeletal modifications, increase in GTPase activity of Rac1, accumulation of the reactive oxygen species, and also increase in phosphorylation of H2AX (γH2AX), a marker of DNA damage. These effects persisted even at 24 h after removal of the compound and culminated in increased levels of p53 and p21 together with growth arrest. The PAPV -mediated growth arrest was significantly abrogated in cells pre-treated with the N-acetylcysteine, Rac1 knocked down by siRNA and DPI an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. In conclusion, our results show that polyacrylate derivative of peroxovanadate efficiently arrests growth of A549 cancerous cells by activating the axis of Rac1 - NADPH oxidase leading to oxidative stress and DNA damage.
27435854	0	13	Growth arrest	T046	C0333951
27435854	17	31	lung carcinoma	T191	C0684249
27435854	32	37	cells	T025	C0007634
27435854	38	44	(A549)	T025	C4277577
27435854	48	60	polyacrylate	T109,T121,T122	C0597265
27435854	63	71	anchored	T061	C1293132
27435854	72	86	peroxovanadate	T121,T197	C0136151
27435854	90	100	activating	T052	C1879547
27435854	101	105	Rac1	T116,T126	C1430928
27435854	108	121	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
27435854	122	132	signalling	T044	C0086982
27435854	133	137	axis	T082	C1522496
27435854	138	155	Hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27435854	165	173	required	T169	C1514873
27435854	177	186	sublethal	T033	C0243095
27435854	188	213	millimolar concentrations	T081	C0392762
27435854	226	241	oxidant effects	T120	C0085403
27435854	245	261	cells in culture	T059	C1331092
27435854	278	287	destroyed	T052	C1948029
27435854	291	299	cellular	T025	C0007634
27435854	300	308	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
27435854	340	356	diperoxovanadate	T121,T197	C0136151
27435854	360	375	physiologically	T169	C0205463
27435854	376	382	stable	T080	C0205360
27435854	383	406	peroxovanadium compound	T121,T197	C0136151
27435854	412	422	substitute	T169	C0559956
27435854	423	427	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27435854	428	439	effectively	T080	C1704419
27435854	443	465	peroxidation reactions	T067	C0178796
27435854	470	476	report	T170	C0684224
27435854	487	501	peroxovanadate	T121,T197	C0136151
27435854	507	515	anchored	T061	C1293132
27435854	519	535	polyacrylic acid	T109,T122	C1621338
27435854	536	542	(PAPV)	T121	C1254351
27435854	553	559	highly	T080	C0205250
27435854	560	566	potent	T080	C3245505
27435854	567	576	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27435854	580	586	growth	T040	C0018270
27435854	590	604	lung carcinoma	T191	C0684249
27435854	605	610	cells	T025	C0007634
27435854	612	616	A549	T025	C4277577
27435854	623	628	early	T079	C1279919
27435854	629	635	events	T051	C0441471
27435854	636	651	associated with	T080	C0332281
27435854	652	656	PAPV	T121	C1254351
27435854	657	666	treatment	T169	C1522326
27435854	667	675	included	T052	C2700399
27435854	676	688	cytoskeletal	T026	C0010853
27435854	689	702	modifications	T033	C3840684
27435854	704	712	increase	T169	C0442805
27435854	716	731	GTPase activity	T044	C1149036
27435854	735	739	Rac1	T116,T126	C1430928
27435854	741	753	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27435854	761	784	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27435854	795	803	increase	T169	C0442805
27435854	807	822	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27435854	826	830	H2AX	T116,T123	C1172465
27435854	831	838	(γH2AX)	T116,T123	C1567920
27435854	842	848	marker	T086	C0012872
27435854	852	862	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27435854	870	877	effects	T080	C1280500
27435854	878	887	persisted	T078	C0549178
27435854	907	914	removal	T052	C1883720
27435854	922	930	compound	T080	C0205198
27435854	949	958	increased	T081	C0205217
27435854	959	965	levels	T080	C0441889
27435854	969	972	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27435854	977	980	p21	T116,T123	C0288472
27435854	995	1008	growth arrest	T046	C0333951
27435854	1014	1018	PAPV	T121	C1254351
27435854	1029	1042	growth arrest	T046	C0333951
27435854	1047	1060	significantly	T078	C0750502
27435854	1061	1070	abrogated	T078	C1549072
27435854	1074	1079	cells	T025	C0007634
27435854	1080	1091	pre-treated	T079	C2709094
27435854	1101	1117	N-acetylcysteine	T116,T121	C0001047
27435854	1119	1123	Rac1	T116,T126	C1430928
27435854	1124	1136	knocked down	T063	C2350567
27435854	1140	1145	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27435854	1150	1153	DPI	T109,T121	C0058381
27435854	1157	1166	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27435854	1170	1183	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
27435854	1204	1211	results	T169	C1274040
27435854	1222	1234	polyacrylate	T109,T121,T122	C0597265
27435854	1249	1263	peroxovanadate	T121,T197	C0136151
27435854	1264	1275	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27435854	1276	1290	arrests growth	T046	C0333951
27435854	1294	1298	A549	T025	C4277577
27435854	1299	1314	cancerous cells	T025	C0007634
27435854	1318	1328	activating	T052	C1879547
27435854	1333	1337	axis	T082	C1522496
27435854	1341	1345	Rac1	T116,T126	C1430928
27435854	1348	1361	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
27435854	1373	1389	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27435854	1394	1404	DNA damage	T049	C0012860

27436024|t|Fractal analysis of the ischemic transition region in chronic ischemic heart disease using magnetic resonance imaging
27436024|a|To introduce a novel hypothesis and method to characterise pathomechanisms underlying myocardial ischemia in chronic ischemic heart disease by local fractal analysis (FA) of the ischemic myocardial transition region in perfusion imaging. Vascular mechanisms to compensate ischemia are regulated at various vascular scales with their superimposed perfusion pattern being hypothetically self-similar. Dedicated FA software (" FraktalWandler ") has been developed. Fractal dimensions during first-pass (FDfirst-pass) and recirculation (FDrecirculation) are hypothesised to indicate the predominating pathomechanism and ischemic severity, respectively. Twenty-six patients with evidence of myocardial ischemia in 108 ischemic myocardial segments on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were analysed. The 40th and 60th percentiles of FDfirst-pass were used for pathomechanical classification, assigning lesions with FDfirst-pass ≤ 2.335 to predominating coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and ≥2.387 to predominating coronary artery disease (CAD). Optimal classification point in ROC analysis was FDfirst-pass = 2.358. FDrecirculation correlated moderately with per cent diameter stenosis in invasive coronary angiography in lesions classified CAD (r = 0.472, p = 0.001) but not CMD (r = 0.082, p = 0.600). The ischemic transition region may provide information on pathomechanical composition and severity of myocardial ischemia. FA of this region is feasible and may improve diagnosis compared to traditional noninvasive myocardial perfusion analysis. • A novel hypothesis and method is introduced to pathophysiologically characterise myocardial ischemia. • The ischemic transition region appears a meaningful diagnostic target in perfusion imaging. • Fractal analysis may characterise pathomechanical composition and severity of myocardial ischemia.
27436024	0	7	Fractal	T077	C0206163
27436024	8	16	analysis	T062	C0936012
27436024	24	50	ischemic transition region	T082	C1254362
27436024	54	84	chronic ischemic heart disease	T047	C0264694
27436024	91	117	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27436024	133	138	novel	T080	C0205314
27436024	139	149	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27436024	154	160	method	T170	C0025663
27436024	177	192	pathomechanisms	T046	C0030660
27436024	204	223	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27436024	227	257	chronic ischemic heart disease	T047	C0264694
27436024	267	274	fractal	T077	C0206163
27436024	275	283	analysis	T062	C0936012
27436024	285	287	FA	T062	C0936012
27436024	296	304	ischemic	T169	C0475224
27436024	305	315	myocardial	T082	C1522564
27436024	316	333	transition region	T082	C1254362
27436024	337	354	perfusion imaging	T060	C2350393
27436024	356	364	Vascular	T023	C0005847
27436024	365	375	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27436024	379	389	compensate	T080	C0205432
27436024	390	398	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27436024	403	412	regulated	T038	C1327622
27436024	424	432	vascular	T023	C0005847
27436024	433	439	scales	T170	C0349674
27436024	451	473	superimposed perfusion	T060	C2350393
27436024	474	481	pattern	T082	C0449774
27436024	488	502	hypothetically	T078	C1512571
27436024	503	515	self-similar	T080	C2348205
27436024	527	529	FA	T062	C0936012
27436024	530	538	software	T073,T170	C0037585
27436024	542	556	FraktalWandler	T170	C0037589
27436024	580	587	Fractal	T077	C0206163
27436024	588	598	dimensions	T081	C0439534
27436024	606	616	first-pass	T079	C0444693
27436024	618	630	FDfirst-pass	T079	C0444693
27436024	636	649	recirculation	T040	C1516559
27436024	651	666	FDrecirculation	T040	C1516559
27436024	672	684	hypothesised	T078	C1512571
27436024	715	729	pathomechanism	T046	C0030660
27436024	734	742	ischemic	T169	C0475224
27436024	743	751	severity	T080	C0439793
27436024	778	786	patients	T101	C0030705
27436024	804	823	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27436024	831	839	ischemic	T169	C0475224
27436024	840	850	myocardial	T082	C1522564
27436024	851	859	segments	T082	C0442059
27436024	863	889	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27436024	891	894	MRI	T060	C0024485
27436024	929	940	percentiles	T081	C1264641
27436024	944	956	FDfirst-pass	T079	C0444693
27436024	971	986	pathomechanical	T169	C0205469
27436024	987	1001	classification	T185	C0008902
27436024	1013	1020	lesions	T033	C0221198
27436024	1026	1038	FDfirst-pass	T079	C0444693
27436024	1064	1098	coronary microvascular dysfunction	T047	C2827469
27436024	1100	1103	CMD	T047	C2827469
27436024	1133	1156	coronary artery disease	T047	C3495826
27436024	1158	1161	CAD	T047	C3495826
27436024	1164	1171	Optimal	T080	C2698651
27436024	1172	1186	classification	T185	C0008902
27436024	1196	1199	ROC	T081	C1527113
27436024	1200	1208	analysis	T062	C0936012
27436024	1213	1225	FDfirst-pass	T079	C0444693
27436024	1235	1250	FDrecirculation	T040	C1516559
27436024	1251	1261	correlated	T080	C1707520
27436024	1278	1304	per cent diameter stenosis	T082	C3897965
27436024	1308	1316	invasive	T080	C0205281
27436024	1317	1337	coronary angiography	T060	C0085532
27436024	1341	1348	lesions	T033	C0221198
27436024	1360	1363	CAD	T047	C3495826
27436024	1395	1398	CMD	T047	C2827469
27436024	1427	1435	ischemic	T046	C0022116
27436024	1436	1446	transition	T052	C2700061
27436024	1447	1453	region	T029	C0005898
27436024	1466	1477	information	T078	C1533716
27436024	1481	1508	pathomechanical composition	T169	C0205469
27436024	1513	1521	severity	T080	C0439793
27436024	1525	1544	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27436024	1536	1544	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27436024	1546	1548	FA	T062	C0936012
27436024	1557	1563	region	T029	C0005898
27436024	1584	1591	improve	T033	C0184511
27436024	1592	1601	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27436024	1614	1625	traditional	T169	C0443324
27436024	1626	1637	noninvasive	T185	C2986496
27436024	1638	1658	myocardial perfusion	T032	C0428857
27436024	1659	1667	analysis	T062	C0936012
27436024	1673	1678	novel	T080	C0205314
27436024	1679	1689	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27436024	1694	1700	method	T170	C0025663
27436024	1718	1738	pathophysiologically	T169	C0031847
27436024	1752	1771	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27436024	1779	1787	ischemic	T046	C0022116
27436024	1788	1798	transition	T052	C2700061
27436024	1799	1805	region	T029	C0005898
27436024	1848	1865	perfusion imaging	T060	C2350393
27436024	1869	1876	Fractal	T077	C0206163
27436024	1877	1885	analysis	T062	C0936012
27436024	1935	1943	severity	T080	C0439793
27436024	1947	1966	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27436024	1958	1966	ischemia	T046	C0022116

27436068|t|Do dynamic global vegetation models capture the seasonality of carbon fluxes in the Amazon basin? A data - model intercomparison
27436068|a|To predict forest response to long-term climate change with high confidence requires that dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) be successfully tested against ecosystem response to short-term variations in environmental drivers, including regular seasonal patterns. Here, we used an integrated dataset from four forests in the Brasil flux network, spanning a range of dry-season intensities and lengths, to determine how well four state-of-the-art models (IBIS, ED2, JULES, and CLM3.5) simulated the seasonality of carbon exchanges in Amazonian tropical forests. We found that most DGVMs poorly represented the annual cycle of gross primary productivity (GPP), of photosynthetic capacity (Pc), and of other fluxes and pools. Models simulated consistent dry-season declines in GPP in the equatorial Amazon (Manaus K34, Santarem K67, and Caxiuanã CAX); a contrast to observed GPP increases. Model simulated dry-season GPP reductions were driven by an external environmental factor, ' soil water stress ' and consequently by a constant or decreasing photosynthetic infrastructure (Pc), while observed dry-season GPP resulted from a combination of internal biological (leaf -flush and abscission and increased Pc) and environmental (incoming radiation) causes. Moreover, we found models generally overestimated observed seasonal net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and respiration (Re) at equatorial locations. In contrast, a southern Amazon forest (Jarú RJA) exhibited dry-season declines in GPP and Re consistent with most DGVMs simulations. While water limitation was represented in models and the primary driver of seasonal photosynthesis in southern Amazonia, changes in internal biophysical processes, light-harvesting adaptations (e.g., variations in leaf area index (LAI) and increasing leaf -level assimilation rate related to leaf demography), and allocation lags between leaf and wood, dominated equatorial Amazon carbon flux dynamics and were deficient or absent from current model formulations. Correctly simulating flux seasonality at tropical forests requires a greater understanding and the incorporation of internal biophysical mechanisms in future model developments.
27436068	3	35	dynamic global vegetation models	T170	C3161035
27436068	48	59	seasonality	T079	C0683922
27436068	63	76	carbon fluxes	T070	C2936196
27436068	84	96	Amazon basin	T083	C0017446
27436068	100	104	data	T078	C1511726
27436068	107	112	model	T170	C3161035
27436068	113	128	intercomparison	UnknownType	C0683958
27436068	140	146	forest	T070	C0086312
27436068	147	155	response	T032	C0871261
27436068	159	168	long-term	T079	C0443252
27436068	169	183	climate change	T070	C2718051
27436068	219	251	dynamic global vegetation models	T170	C3161035
27436068	253	258	DGVMs	T170	C3161035
27436068	291	300	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
27436068	301	309	response	T032	C0871261
27436068	313	323	short-term	T079	C0443303
27436068	324	334	variations	T079	C0036496
27436068	338	359	environmental drivers	T082	C0014406
27436068	379	396	seasonal patterns	T079	C0683922
27436068	426	433	dataset	T170	C0150098
27436068	444	451	forests	T070	C0086312
27436068	459	478	Brasil flux network	T170	C0242356
27436068	500	510	dry-season	T079	C0036497
27436068	511	522	intensities	T080	C0522510
27436068	527	534	lengths	T081	C1444754
27436068	580	586	models	T170	C3161035
27436068	588	592	IBIS	T170	C3161035
27436068	594	597	ED2	T170	C3161035
27436068	599	604	JULES	T170	C3161035
27436068	610	616	CLM3.5	T170	C3161035
27436068	632	643	seasonality	T079	C0683922
27436068	647	663	carbon exchanges	T070	C2936196
27436068	667	676	Amazonian	T083	C0017446
27436068	677	693	tropical forests	T070	C0086312
27436068	714	719	DGVMs	T170	C3161035
27436068	759	785	gross primary productivity	T081	C0033269
27436068	787	790	GPP	T081	C0033269
27436068	796	819	photosynthetic capacity	T081	C1516240
27436068	821	823	Pc	T081	C1516240
27436068	839	845	fluxes	T070	C2348693
27436068	857	863	Models	T170	C3161035
27436068	885	895	dry-season	T079	C0036497
27436068	896	904	declines	T081	C0547047
27436068	908	911	GPP	T081	C0033269
27436068	919	936	equatorial Amazon	T083	C0017446
27436068	938	948	Manaus K34	T083	C0017446
27436068	950	962	Santarem K67	T083	C0017446
27436068	968	980	Caxiuanã CAX	T083	C0017446
27436068	1006	1009	GPP	T081	C0033269
27436068	1021	1026	Model	T170	C3161035
27436068	1037	1047	dry-season	T079	C0036497
27436068	1048	1051	GPP	T081	C0033269
27436068	1052	1062	reductions	T080	C0392756
27436068	1090	1103	environmental	T082	C0014406
27436068	1104	1110	factor	T169	C1521761
27436068	1114	1131	soil water stress	T033	C0038435
27436068	1179	1208	photosynthetic infrastructure	T070	C0031764
27436068	1210	1212	Pc	T081	C1516240
27436068	1230	1240	dry-season	T079	C0036497
27436068	1241	1244	GPP	T081	C0033269
27436068	1285	1295	biological	T080	C0205460
27436068	1297	1301	leaf	T002	C0242724
27436068	1313	1323	abscission	T040	C1177284
27436068	1338	1340	Pc	T081	C1516240
27436068	1346	1359	environmental	T082	C0014406
27436068	1370	1379	radiation	T070	C0851346
27436068	1408	1414	models	T170	C3161035
27436068	1457	1479	net ecosystem exchange	T081	C0392762
27436068	1481	1484	NEE	T081	C0392762
27436068	1490	1501	respiration	T039	C0035203
27436068	1503	1505	Re	T039	C0035203
27436068	1547	1562	southern Amazon	T083	C0017446
27436068	1563	1569	forest	T070	C0086312
27436068	1591	1601	dry-season	T079	C0036497
27436068	1602	1610	declines	T081	C0547047
27436068	1614	1617	GPP	T081	C0033269
27436068	1622	1624	Re	T039	C0035203
27436068	1646	1651	DGVMs	T170	C3161035
27436068	1652	1663	simulations	T062	C0679083
27436068	1707	1713	models	T170	C3161035
27436068	1749	1763	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
27436068	1767	1784	southern Amazonia	T083	C0017446
27436068	1806	1827	biophysical processes	T038	C1511162
27436068	1829	1845	light-harvesting	T044	C1158303
27436068	1846	1857	adaptations	T070	C0001398
27436068	1879	1894	leaf area index	T170	C0918012
27436068	1896	1899	LAI	T170	C0918012
27436068	1916	1920	leaf	T002	C0242724
27436068	1928	1940	assimilation	T038	C3714634
27436068	1941	1945	rate	T081	C1521828
27436068	1957	1972	leaf demography	T090	C0011298
27436068	2003	2007	leaf	T002	C0242724
27436068	2012	2016	wood	T002	C0032098
27436068	2028	2045	equatorial Amazon	T083	C0017446
27436068	2046	2057	carbon flux	T070	C2936196
27436068	2109	2114	model	T170	C3161035
27436068	2150	2154	flux	T070	C2348693
27436068	2155	2166	seasonality	T079	C0683922
27436068	2170	2186	tropical forests	T070	C0086312
27436068	2254	2276	biophysical mechanisms	T044	C1148560
27436068	2287	2305	model developments	T170	C0920595

27436292|t|Detailed Morphology of All Life Stages of the Agave Red Worm, Comadia redtenbacheri (Hammerschmidt) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae)
27436292|a|The agave red worm, Comadia redtenbacheri (Hammerschmidt), is an important source of food and income in Mexico. Despite its importance, several aspects of its biology, morphology, and behavior remain poorly studied. In this work, we describe and illustrate the morphology of all the life stages that may aid in understanding certain aspects of its biology. To obtain all life stages, last instar larvae were collected from agave plants and allowed to pupate; after the adults emerged, they were allowed to mate and oviposit. The frenulum is longer in males; epiphysis I is longer in females than in males; the abdomen bears two types of tubercles of unknown function. Eggs present a reticulate chorion; primary rosette cells are highly variable in shape; the micropylar formula is (10-14): (12-13). First instar larvae are white, becoming red as they develop; L3 in the prothorax is subprimary; the SV setal group in A1 is comprised of only SV1 on first instar larvae; last instars have several secondary setae. Pupae are adecticous and obtect; there are rows of spines on the dorsum of the abdomen. The biological significance of some of the findings is discussed.
27436292	9	19	Morphology	T080	C0332437
27436292	27	38	Life Stages	T079	C0023675
27436292	46	60	Agave Red Worm	T204	C3585884
27436292	62	83	Comadia redtenbacheri	T204	C3585884
27436292	101	112	Lepidoptera	T204	C0023338
27436292	114	122	Cossidae	T204	C1210061
27436292	128	142	agave red worm	T204	C3585884
27436292	144	165	Comadia redtenbacheri	T204	C3585884
27436292	209	213	food	T168	C0016452
27436292	218	224	income	T081	C0021162
27436292	228	234	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27436292	283	290	biology	T080	C0205460
27436292	292	302	morphology	T080	C0332437
27436292	308	316	behavior	T053	C0004927
27436292	385	395	morphology	T080	C0332437
27436292	407	418	life stages	T079	C0023675
27436292	457	464	aspects	T080	C1879746
27436292	472	479	biology	T080	C0205460
27436292	495	506	life stages	T079	C0023675
27436292	508	512	last	T080	C1517741
27436292	513	526	instar larvae	T204	C0023047
27436292	547	559	agave plants	T002	C0331584
27436292	575	581	pupate	T204	C0034120
27436292	593	599	adults	T204	C0684063
27436292	630	634	mate	T040	C1260875
27436292	639	647	oviposit	T040	C0029957
27436292	653	661	frenulum	T185	C2339893
27436292	675	680	males	T032	C0086582
27436292	682	693	epiphysis I	T023	C0229962
27436292	707	714	females	T032	C0086287
27436292	723	728	males	T032	C0086582
27436292	734	741	abdomen	T029	C0000726
27436292	761	770	tubercles	T023	C0229962
27436292	792	796	Eggs	T025	C0029974
27436292	807	825	reticulate chorion	T018	C0008503
27436292	835	848	rosette cells	T025	C0007634
27436292	883	901	micropylar formula	T170	C0489829
27436292	923	928	First	T081	C0205435
27436292	929	942	instar larvae	T204	C0023047
27436292	947	952	white	T080	C0220938
27436292	963	966	red	T080	C1260956
27436292	975	982	develop	T039	C0243107
27436292	984	986	L3	T029	C1179700
27436292	994	1003	prothorax	T029	C0005898
27436292	1007	1017	subprimary	T033	C0243095
27436292	1023	1031	SV setal	T023	C2936472
27436292	1032	1037	group	T078	C0441833
27436292	1041	1043	A1	T082	C0441635
27436292	1065	1068	SV1	T082	C0441635
27436292	1072	1077	first	T081	C0205435
27436292	1078	1091	instar larvae	T204	C0023047
27436292	1093	1097	last	T080	C1517741
27436292	1098	1105	instars	T204	C0023047
27436292	1129	1134	setae	T023	C2936472
27436292	1136	1141	Pupae	T204	C0034120
27436292	1146	1156	adecticous	T033	C0243095
27436292	1161	1167	obtect	T033	C0243095
27436292	1187	1193	spines	T023	C0229962
27436292	1201	1222	dorsum of the abdomen	T029	C0024090
27436292	1228	1238	biological	T080	C0205460
27436292	1239	1251	significance	T078	C0750502
27436292	1267	1275	findings	T033	C0243095

27436508|t|Scald burn, a preventable injury: Analysis of 4306 patients from a major tertiary care center
27436508|a|Scalds have distinct epidemiological and predisposing risk factors amongst all types of burns. Though scald affects all age groups, the brunt falls on the minor age groups. It may result in major physical disabilities and significant loss of school years. Apart from the economic burden on family, major scald burn may compromise overall development of the affected children. Most of the scald injuries occur in domestic settings and are preventable. Despite improvement in living conditions, the incidence of scald burn has failed to decline. Our aim was to study the detailed epidemiology and severity of scald burn amongst all age groups. A retrospective study was carried out from the records of all burn patients who attended a tertiary burn care center from January 2013 and December 2014. Data of the patients with scald injury was segregated and analyzed using Microsoft excel spreadsheet. 10,175 burn patients attended the burn casualty during the study period, of which 42.3% had sustained scald. 56.85% of patients were under 15 years of age with preschool children (36.4%) being the prime victims of scald. The % TBSA involved is also relatively larger in children. Scald follows definite seasonal variation peaking in winters. 36.8% patients arrived to the hospital without any first aid. 74.2% of patients reported to casualty with in 24hours after sustaining scald injury. The median time interval between injury and reporting to casualty was 3hours 30 minutes. This study concludes that the scald is injury of all age groups, though majority of them are children. The first aid is not given to large number of patients and late reporting is quite common. These are the factors which may affect the course of scald burn. Spreading public awareness regarding safe household practises and educating them for proper first aid management after scald may have significant impact on the burden of care and outcome.
27436508	0	10	Scald burn	T037	C0332691
27436508	14	32	preventable injury	T061	C0150638
27436508	34	42	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27436508	51	59	patients	T101	C0030705
27436508	73	93	tertiary care center	T073,T093	C0587437
27436508	94	100	Scalds	T037	C0332691
27436508	115	130	epidemiological	T169	C0014508
27436508	135	147	predisposing	T169	C0231203
27436508	148	160	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27436508	173	178	types	T080	C0332307
27436508	182	187	burns	T037	C0006434
27436508	196	201	scald	T037	C0332691
27436508	202	209	affects	T169	C0392760
27436508	214	224	age groups	T100	C0027362
27436508	249	254	minor	T098	C0026193
27436508	255	265	age groups	T100	C0027362
27436508	274	280	result	T169	C1274040
27436508	290	311	physical disabilities	T046	C0520817
27436508	316	327	significant	T078	C0750502
27436508	328	332	loss	T081	C1517945
27436508	336	342	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27436508	343	348	years	T079	C0439234
27436508	365	380	economic burden	T081	C1512163
27436508	384	390	family	T099	C0015576
27436508	398	408	scald burn	T037	C0332691
27436508	413	423	compromise	T033	C2945640
27436508	432	443	development	T040	C0678723
27436508	451	459	affected	T169	C0392760
27436508	460	468	children	T100	C0008059
27436508	482	496	scald injuries	T037	C0332691
27436508	497	502	occur	T052	C1709305
27436508	506	523	domestic settings	T082	C0442519
27436508	532	543	preventable	T169	C1292733
27436508	553	564	improvement	T077	C2986411
27436508	568	585	living conditions	T080	C0337645
27436508	591	600	incidence	T081	C0021149
27436508	604	614	scald burn	T037	C0332691
27436508	619	625	failed	T169	C0231175
27436508	629	636	decline	T080	C0392756
27436508	653	658	study	T062	C2603343
27436508	663	671	detailed	T080	C1522508
27436508	672	684	epidemiology	T169	C0014508
27436508	689	697	severity	T080	C0439793
27436508	701	711	scald burn	T037	C0332691
27436508	724	734	age groups	T100	C0027362
27436508	738	757	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27436508	783	790	records	T170	C0025102
27436508	798	802	burn	T037	C0006434
27436508	803	811	patients	T101	C0030705
27436508	816	824	attended	T169	C1999232
27436508	827	852	tertiary burn care center	T093	C0006418
27436508	858	865	January	T080	C3829466
27436508	875	883	December	T080	C3830550
27436508	890	894	Data	T078	C1511726
27436508	902	910	patients	T101	C0030705
27436508	916	928	scald injury	T037	C0332691
27436508	933	943	segregated	T169	C0205245
27436508	948	956	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27436508	963	990	Microsoft excel spreadsheet	T073	C2827661
27436508	999	1003	burn	T037	C0006434
27436508	1004	1012	patients	T101	C0030705
27436508	1013	1021	attended	T169	C1999232
27436508	1026	1039	burn casualty	T093	C0587536
27436508	1051	1056	study	T062	C2603343
27436508	1057	1063	period	T079	C1948053
27436508	1084	1093	sustained	T169	C0443318
27436508	1094	1099	scald	T037	C0332691
27436508	1111	1119	patients	T101	C0030705
27436508	1134	1139	years	T079	C0439234
27436508	1143	1146	age	T032	C0001779
27436508	1152	1170	preschool children	T100	C0008100
27436508	1189	1202	prime victims	T098	C0680681
27436508	1206	1211	scald	T037	C0332691
27436508	1219	1223	TBSA	T032	C0005902
27436508	1224	1232	involved	T169	C1314939
27436508	1252	1258	larger	T081	C0549177
27436508	1262	1270	children	T100	C0008059
27436508	1272	1277	Scald	T037	C0332691
27436508	1295	1313	seasonal variation	T079	C0036496
27436508	1314	1321	peaking	T080	C0444505
27436508	1325	1332	winters	T079	C0241737
27436508	1340	1356	patients arrived	T033	C2068960
27436508	1364	1372	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27436508	1385	1394	first aid	T061	C0016143
27436508	1405	1413	patients	T101	C0030705
27436508	1414	1422	reported	T169	C0205245
27436508	1426	1434	casualty	T093	C0587536
27436508	1457	1467	sustaining	T169	C0443318
27436508	1468	1480	scald injury	T037	C0332691
27436508	1493	1506	time interval	T079	C0872291
27436508	1515	1521	injury	T037	C3263722
27436508	1526	1535	reporting	T169	C0205245
27436508	1539	1547	casualty	T093	C0587536
27436508	1562	1569	minutes	T079	C0439232
27436508	1576	1581	study	T062	C2603343
27436508	1601	1606	scald	T037	C0332691
27436508	1610	1616	injury	T037	C3263722
27436508	1624	1634	age groups	T100	C0027362
27436508	1643	1651	majority	T081	C0392762
27436508	1664	1672	children	T100	C0008059
27436508	1678	1687	first aid	T061	C0016143
27436508	1704	1716	large number	T081	C0237753
27436508	1720	1728	patients	T101	C0030705
27436508	1738	1747	reporting	T169	C0205245
27436508	1751	1763	quite common	T081	C0205214
27436508	1779	1786	factors	T169	C1521761
27436508	1797	1803	affect	T169	C0392760
27436508	1818	1828	scald burn	T037	C0332691
27436508	1830	1839	Spreading	T080	C0332261
27436508	1840	1846	public	T092	C0678367
27436508	1847	1856	awareness	T041	C0004448
27436508	1867	1871	safe	T068	C0036043
27436508	1872	1881	household	T099	C0020052
27436508	1896	1905	educating	UnknownType	C0677119
27436508	1922	1931	first aid	T061	C0016143
27436508	1932	1942	management	T169	C0205245
27436508	1949	1954	scald	T037	C0332691
27436508	1964	1975	significant	T078	C0750502
27436508	1976	1982	impact	T080	C4049986
27436508	1990	1996	burden	T078	C2828008
27436508	2000	2004	care	T052	C1947933
27436508	2009	2016	outcome	T169	C1274040

27436524|t|Effects of complex life cycles on genetic diversity: cyclical parthenogenesis
27436524|a|Neutral patterns of population genetic diversity in species with complex life cycles are difficult to anticipate. Cyclical parthenogenesis (CP), in which organisms undergo several rounds of clonal reproduction followed by a sexual event, is one such life cycle. Many species, including crop pests (aphids), human parasites (trematodes) or models used in evolutionary science (Daphnia), are cyclical parthenogens. It is therefore crucial to understand the impact of such a life cycle on neutral genetic diversity. In this paper, we describe distributions of genetic diversity under conditions of CP with various clonal phase lengths. Using a Markov chain model of CP for a single locus and individual-based simulations for two loci, our analysis first demonstrates that strong departures from full sexuality are observed after only a few generations of clonality. The convergence towards predictions made under conditions of full clonality during the clonal phase depends on the balance between mutations and genetic drift. Second, the sexual event of CP usually resets the genetic diversity at a single locus towards predictions made under full sexuality. However, this single recombination event is insufficient to reshuffle gametic phases towards full-sexuality predictions. Finally, for similar levels of clonality, CP and acyclic partial clonality (wherein a fixed proportion of individuals are clonally produced within each generation) differentially affect the distribution of genetic diversity. Overall, this work provides solid predictions of neutral genetic diversity that may serve as a null model in detecting the action of common evolutionary or demographic processes in cyclical parthenogens (for example, selection or bottlenecks).
27436524	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27436524	11	18	complex	T080	C0439855
27436524	19	30	life cycles	T079	C0023675
27436524	34	51	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27436524	53	77	cyclical parthenogenesis	T040	C0030596
27436524	98	108	population	T098	C1257890
27436524	109	126	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27436524	130	137	species	T185	C1705920
27436524	143	150	complex	T080	C0439855
27436524	151	162	life cycles	T079	C0023675
27436524	180	190	anticipate	T078	C0681842
27436524	192	216	Cyclical parthenogenesis	T040	C0030596
27436524	218	220	CP	T040	C0030596
27436524	232	241	organisms	T001	C0029235
27436524	268	274	clonal	T024	C1522642
27436524	275	287	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27436524	302	314	sexual event	T053	C0036864
27436524	328	338	life cycle	T079	C0023675
27436524	345	352	species	T185	C1705920
27436524	364	368	crop	T002	C0242775
27436524	369	374	pests	T008	C0869004
27436524	376	382	aphids	T204	C0003562
27436524	385	400	human parasites	T204	C0585165
27436524	402	412	trematodes	T204	C3889286
27436524	417	423	models	T170	C3161035
27436524	432	452	evolutionary science	T091	C0017398
27436524	454	461	Daphnia	T204	C0010979
27436524	468	489	cyclical parthenogens	T001	C0029235
27436524	550	560	life cycle	T079	C0023675
27436524	572	589	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27436524	618	631	distributions	T169	C1704711
27436524	635	652	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27436524	659	669	conditions	T080	C0348080
27436524	673	675	CP	T040	C0030596
27436524	689	695	clonal	T024	C1522642
27436524	696	701	phase	T079	C0205390
27436524	702	709	lengths	T081	C1444754
27436524	719	737	Markov chain model	T081	C0024828
27436524	741	743	CP	T040	C0030596
27436524	750	756	single	T081	C0205171
27436524	757	762	locus	T082	C1708726
27436524	784	795	simulations	T062	C0679083
27436524	800	803	two	T081	C0205448
27436524	804	808	loci	T082	C1708726
27436524	854	864	departures	T052	C1706081
27436524	875	884	sexuality	T053	C0036915
27436524	915	926	generations	T079	C0079411
27436524	930	939	clonality	T080	C1704387
27436524	945	956	convergence	T052	C2700387
27436524	965	976	predictions	T078	C0681842
27436524	1007	1016	clonality	T080	C1704387
27436524	1028	1034	clonal	T024	C1522642
27436524	1035	1040	phase	T079	C0205390
27436524	1072	1081	mutations	T045	C0026882
27436524	1086	1099	genetic drift	T045	C0917892
27436524	1113	1125	sexual event	T053	C0036864
27436524	1129	1131	CP	T040	C0030596
27436524	1151	1168	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27436524	1174	1180	single	T081	C0205171
27436524	1181	1186	locus	T082	C1708726
27436524	1195	1206	predictions	T078	C0681842
27436524	1223	1232	sexuality	T053	C0036915
27436524	1255	1268	recombination	T045	C0034865
27436524	1304	1318	gametic phases	T043	C0007613
27436524	1327	1341	full-sexuality	T053	C0036915
27436524	1342	1353	predictions	T078	C0681842
27436524	1386	1395	clonality	T080	C1704387
27436524	1397	1399	CP	T040	C0030596
27436524	1412	1419	partial	T081	C0728938
27436524	1420	1429	clonality	T080	C1704387
27436524	1461	1472	individuals	T098	C0237401
27436524	1477	1485	clonally	T080	C1704387
27436524	1507	1517	generation	T079	C0079411
27436524	1545	1557	distribution	T169	C1704711
27436524	1561	1578	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27436524	1614	1625	predictions	T078	C0681842
27436524	1637	1654	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27436524	1675	1685	null model	T170	C3161035
27436524	1720	1732	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
27436524	1736	1747	demographic	T090	C0011298
27436524	1748	1757	processes	T067	C1522240
27436524	1761	1782	cyclical parthenogens	T001	C0029235

27436635|t|Blood Pressure and All-Cause Mortality by Level of Cognitive Function in the Elderly: Results From a Population-Based Study in Rural Greece
27436635|a|This study aimed to investigate whether the effect of blood pressure (BP) on mortality differs by levels of cognitive function. The associations of brachial systolic BP, diastolic BP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure with all-cause mortality were prospectively explored (follow-up 7.0±2.2 years) in 660 community-dwelling individuals (≥60 years) using adjusted Cox models, stratified by cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] <24). No association between brachial BP variables and mortality was shown for the total sample in quartiles analysis; however, MAP in the highest quartile, compared with the second, was associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence intervals, 1.09-3.12) among cognitively impaired individuals. The fractional-polynomials approach for BP confirmed this finding and further showed, solely in the MMSE <24 subcohort, U-shaped trends of MAP and systolic BP, with increased mortality risk in extremely low or high values; no such pattern was evident for patients with MMSE ≥24. Elderly individuals with cognitive impairment might be more susceptible to the detrimental effects of low and elevated MAP and systolic BP.
27436635	0	14	Blood Pressure	T040	C0005823
27436635	19	38	All-Cause Mortality	T033	C0007465
27436635	42	47	Level	T080	C0441889
27436635	51	69	Cognitive Function	T041	C0392335
27436635	77	84	Elderly	T098	C0001792
27436635	86	93	Results	T033	C0683954
27436635	101	123	Population-Based Study	T062	C1709599
27436635	127	139	Rural Greece	T083	C0018226
27436635	145	150	study	T062	C1709599
27436635	151	156	aimed	T078	C1947946
27436635	160	171	investigate	T169	C1292732
27436635	184	190	effect	T080	C1280500
27436635	194	208	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27436635	210	212	BP	T040	C0005823
27436635	217	226	mortality	T033	C1306577
27436635	238	244	levels	T080	C0441889
27436635	248	266	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
27436635	272	284	associations	T080	C0439849
27436635	288	296	brachial	T082	C0445456
27436635	297	308	systolic BP	T201	C0871470
27436635	310	322	diastolic BP	T201	C0428883
27436635	324	346	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
27436635	348	351	MAP	T033	C0428886
27436635	358	372	pulse pressure	T040	C0949236
27436635	378	397	all-cause mortality	T033	C0007465
27436635	403	425	prospectively explored	T033	C0243095
27436635	427	436	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27436635	445	450	years	T079	C0439234
27436635	459	477	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
27436635	478	489	individuals	T098	C0237401
27436635	491	500	≥60 years	T033	C4062292
27436635	508	527	adjusted Cox models	T081,T170	C0010234
27436635	529	539	stratified	T080	C0205363
27436635	543	563	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27436635	565	594	Mini-Mental State Examination	T060	C0451306
27436635	596	600	MMSE	T060	C0451306
27436635	608	622	No association	T080	C0205556
27436635	631	639	brachial	T082	C0445456
27436635	640	642	BP	T040	C0005823
27436635	643	652	variables	T080	C0439828
27436635	657	666	mortality	T033	C1306577
27436635	685	690	total	T080	C0439810
27436635	691	697	sample	T167	C0370003
27436635	701	719	quartiles analysis	T062	C0871424
27436635	730	733	MAP	T033	C0428886
27436635	741	757	highest quartile	T080	C2828255
27436635	759	767	compared	T052	C1707455
27436635	777	783	second	T081	C0205436
27436635	789	804	associated with	T080	C0332281
27436635	805	814	mortality	T033	C1306577
27436635	816	828	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27436635	840	860	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27436635	879	899	cognitively impaired	T048	C0338656
27436635	900	911	individuals	T098	C0237401
27436635	917	948	fractional-polynomials approach	T062	C0242481
27436635	953	955	BP	T040	C0005823
27436635	956	965	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27436635	971	978	finding	T033	C0243095
27436635	983	990	further	T082	C1517331
27436635	999	1005	solely	T081	C0205171
27436635	1013	1017	MMSE	T060	C0451306
27436635	1022	1031	subcohort	T081	C0009247
27436635	1033	1048	U-shaped trends	T079	C0040833
27436635	1052	1055	MAP	T033	C0428886
27436635	1060	1071	systolic BP	T201	C0871470
27436635	1078	1087	increased	T081	C0205217
27436635	1088	1102	mortality risk	T078	C0035647
27436635	1106	1115	extremely	T080	C0205403
27436635	1116	1134	low or high values	T080	C0205556
27436635	1144	1151	pattern	T082	C0449774
27436635	1156	1163	evident	T078	C3887511
27436635	1168	1176	patients	T101	C0030705
27436635	1182	1186	MMSE	T060	C0451306
27436635	1192	1199	Elderly	T098	C0001792
27436635	1200	1211	individuals	T098	C0237401
27436635	1217	1237	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27436635	1247	1251	more	T081	C0205172
27436635	1252	1263	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27436635	1271	1290	detrimental effects	T046	C0879626
27436635	1294	1297	low	T080	C0205251
27436635	1302	1310	elevated	T080	C3163633
27436635	1311	1314	MAP	T033	C0428886
27436635	1319	1330	systolic BP	T201	C0871470

27436784|t|Epigenotype, genotype, and phenotype analysis of patients in Taiwan with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
27436784|a|Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a congenital overgrowth disorder predisposing to tumorigenesis that results from abnormal expression or function of imprinted genes of chromosome 11p15.5. Forty-seven patients in Taiwan with clinical suspicion of BWS were referred for diagnostic testing based on methylation profiling of H19 -associated imprinting center (IC) 1 and KCNQ1OT1 -associated IC2 using high-resolution melting analysis, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, or high-resolution quantitative methylation profiling. Twenty-eight patients received a clinical diagnosis of BWS (the presence of 3 major features or 2 major features and at least 1 minor feature), 18 had suspected BWS (the presence of at least 1 major feature), and 1 had isolated Wilms' tumor. Nineteen patients were identified with IC2 hypomethylation (including 1 with isolated Wilms' tumor), 1 with IC1 hypermethylation, 2 with paternal uniparental disomy, and 1 with CDKN1C mutation. Several clinical features were found to be statistically different (P<0.05) between the 2 groups- clinical diagnosis of BWS (n=28) or suspected BWS (n=18)-including macroglossia, pre- or postnatal gigantism, abdominal wall defect, ear creases, facial nevus flammeus, BWS score, and the molecular diagnosis rate. Molecular lesion was detected in 81% of patients with the presence of three major features, compared with 33% and 28% of those with two or one major feature, respectively. The mean BWS score was 5.6 for 19 subjects with "IC2 hypomethylation ", compared with 3.8 for 2 subjects with pUPD. The BWS score of one subject with CDKN1C mutation and one with IC1 hypermethylation was 6 and 7, respectively. The BWS score was positively correlated with the molecular diagnosis rate (P<0.01). The BWS database of epigenotype, genotype, and phenotype is expected to promote better genetic counseling and medical care of these patients.
27436784	0	11	Epigenotype	T045	C1516924
27436784	13	21	genotype	T032	C0017431
27436784	27	36	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27436784	37	45	analysis	T062	C0936012
27436784	49	57	patients	T101	C0030705
27436784	61	67	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27436784	73	100	Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome	T047	C0004903
27436784	101	128	Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome	T047	C0004903
27436784	130	133	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	140	170	congenital overgrowth disorder	T019	C0332887
27436784	171	183	predisposing	T169	C0231203
27436784	187	200	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27436784	219	227	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27436784	228	238	expression	T045	C0017262
27436784	254	269	imprinted genes	T028	C1708477
27436784	273	291	chromosome 11p15.5	T028	C4267777
27436784	305	313	patients	T101	C0030705
27436784	317	323	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27436784	329	337	clinical	T080	C0205210
27436784	338	347	suspicion	T041	C0242114
27436784	351	354	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	373	391	diagnostic testing	T169	C2364357
27436784	401	422	methylation profiling	T059	C2319375
27436784	426	429	H19	T028	C1333887
27436784	471	479	KCNQ1OT1	T028	C1416613
27436784	502	534	high-resolution melting analysis	T059	C2732896
27436784	536	584	multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification	T063	C3494189
27436784	589	639	high-resolution quantitative methylation profiling	T059	C2319375
27436784	654	662	patients	T101	C0030705
27436784	674	692	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
27436784	696	699	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	725	733	features	T080	C2348519
27436784	745	753	features	T080	C2348519
27436784	775	782	feature	T080	C2348519
27436784	802	805	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	840	847	feature	T080	C2348519
27436784	860	868	isolated	T169	C0205409
27436784	869	881	Wilms' tumor	T191	C0027708
27436784	892	900	patients	T101	C0030705
27436784	926	941	hypomethylation	T045	C2613367
27436784	960	968	isolated	T169	C0205409
27436784	969	981	Wilms' tumor	T191	C0027708
27436784	995	1011	hypermethylation	T045	C1512554
27436784	1020	1047	paternal uniparental disomy	T049	C1507333
27436784	1060	1066	CDKN1C	T028	C1366618
27436784	1067	1075	mutation	T045	C0026882
27436784	1085	1102	clinical features	T033	C3810252
27436784	1175	1193	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
27436784	1197	1200	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	1221	1224	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	1242	1254	macroglossia	T047	C0024421
27436784	1256	1260	pre-	T040	C0678726
27436784	1264	1273	postnatal	T040	C1135598
27436784	1274	1283	gigantism	T047	C0017547
27436784	1285	1306	abdominal wall defect	T019	C0238577
27436784	1308	1319	ear creases	T033	C1851735
27436784	1321	1327	facial	T029	C0015450
27436784	1328	1342	nevus flammeus	T019	C0235752
27436784	1344	1347	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	1363	1382	molecular diagnosis	T059	C1513388
27436784	1383	1387	rate	T081	C1521828
27436784	1389	1405	Molecular lesion	T033	C0221198
27436784	1429	1437	patients	T101	C0030705
27436784	1471	1479	features	T080	C2348519
27436784	1538	1545	feature	T080	C2348519
27436784	1570	1573	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	1595	1603	subjects	T098	C0080105
27436784	1614	1629	hypomethylation	T045	C2613367
27436784	1657	1665	subjects	T098	C0080105
27436784	1671	1675	pUPD	T049	C1507333
27436784	1681	1684	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	1698	1705	subject	T098	C0080105
27436784	1711	1717	CDKN1C	T028	C1366618
27436784	1718	1726	mutation	T045	C0026882
27436784	1744	1760	hypermethylation	T045	C1512554
27436784	1792	1795	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	1817	1827	correlated	T080	C1707520
27436784	1837	1856	molecular diagnosis	T059	C1513388
27436784	1857	1861	rate	T081	C1521828
27436784	1876	1879	BWS	T047	C0004903
27436784	1880	1888	database	T170	C0242356
27436784	1892	1903	epigenotype	T045	C1516924
27436784	1905	1913	genotype	T032	C0017431
27436784	1919	1928	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27436784	1944	1951	promote	T052	C0033414
27436784	1959	1977	genetic counseling	T061	C0017382
27436784	1982	1994	medical care	T033	C0496675
27436784	2004	2012	patients	T101	C0030705

27437046|t|Assessing Commercially Available Personal Health Records for Home Health: Recommendations for Design
27437046|a|Home health nurses and clients experience unmet information needs when transitioning from hospital to home health. Personal health records (PHRs) support consumer -centered information management activities. Previous work has assessed PHRs associated with healthcare providers, but these systems leave home health nurses unable to access necessary information. To evaluate the ability of publically available PHRs to accept, manage, and share information from a home health case study. Two researchers accessed the publically available PHRs on myPHR.com, and attempted to enter, manage, and share the case study data. We qualitatively described the PHR features, and identified gaps between the case study information and PHR functionality. Eighteen PHRs were identified in our initial search. Seven systems met our inclusion criteria, and are included in this review. The PHRs were able to accept basic medical information. Gaps occurred when entering, managing, and/or sharing data from the acute care and home health episodes. The PHRs that were reviewed were unable to effectively manage the case study information. Therefore, increasing consumer health literacy through these systems may be difficult. The PHRs that we reviewed were also unable to electronically share their data. The gap between the existing functionality and the information needs from the case study may make these PHRs difficult to use for home health environments. Additional work is needed to increase the functionality of the PHR systems to better fit the data needs of home health clients.
27437046	0	9	Assessing	T058	C0184514
27437046	10	22	Commercially	T170	C0680536
27437046	33	56	Personal Health Records	T170	C0018739
27437046	61	72	Home Health	T058	C3845073
27437046	74	89	Recommendations	T078	C0034866
27437046	94	100	Design	T052	C1707689
27437046	101	119	Home health nurses	T097	C0042799
27437046	124	131	clients	T096	C0008942
27437046	132	142	experience	T041	C0596545
27437046	149	160	information	T078	C1533716
27437046	172	185	transitioning	T068	C0376627
27437046	191	199	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27437046	203	214	home health	T058	C3845073
27437046	216	239	Personal health records	T170	C0018739
27437046	241	245	PHRs	T170	C0018739
27437046	247	254	support	T077	C1521721
27437046	255	263	consumer	T098	C1707496
27437046	274	307	information management activities	UnknownType	C0681315
27437046	318	322	work	T057	C0043227
27437046	327	335	assessed	T052	C1516048
27437046	336	340	PHRs	T170	C0018739
27437046	341	356	associated with	T080	C0332281
27437046	357	377	healthcare providers	T097	C0018724
27437046	389	396	systems	UnknownType	C0683539
27437046	403	421	home health nurses	T097	C0042799
27437046	432	438	access	T169	C1554204
27437046	449	460	information	T078	C1533716
27437046	465	473	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27437046	510	514	PHRs	T170	C0018739
27437046	518	524	accept	T080	C1272684
27437046	526	532	manage	T058	C0184516
27437046	538	543	share	T169	C0205245
27437046	544	555	information	T078	C1533716
27437046	563	574	home health	T058	C3845073
27437046	575	585	case study	T170	C0085973
27437046	591	602	researchers	T097	C0035173
27437046	603	611	accessed	T169	C1554204
27437046	637	641	PHRs	T170	C0018739
27437046	645	654	myPHR.com	T170	C2349146
27437046	673	678	enter	T169	C0205245
27437046	680	686	manage	T058	C0184516
27437046	692	697	share	T169	C0205245
27437046	702	712	case study	T170	C0085973
27437046	713	717	data	T078	C1511726
27437046	722	735	qualitatively	T080	C0205556
27437046	750	753	PHR	T170	C0018739
27437046	754	762	features	T080	C1521970
27437046	768	778	identified	T080	C0205396
27437046	779	783	gaps	T082	C3887622
27437046	796	806	case study	T170	C0085973
27437046	807	818	information	T078	C1533716
27437046	823	826	PHR	T170	C0018739
27437046	827	840	functionality	T169	C0542341
27437046	851	855	PHRs	T170	C0018739
27437046	861	871	identified	T080	C0205396
27437046	879	886	initial	T079	C0205265
27437046	887	893	search	T052	C1706202
27437046	901	908	systems	UnknownType	C0683539
27437046	927	935	criteria	T078	C0243161
27437046	962	968	review	T170	C0282443
27437046	974	978	PHRs	T170	C0018739
27437046	1005	1012	medical	T169	C0205476
27437046	1013	1024	information	T078	C1533716
27437046	1026	1030	Gaps	T082	C3887622
27437046	1031	1039	occurred	T052	C1709305
27437046	1045	1053	entering	T169	C0205245
27437046	1055	1063	managing	T058	C0184516
27437046	1072	1079	sharing	T169	C0205245
27437046	1080	1084	data	T078	C1511726
27437046	1094	1099	acute	T079	C0205178
27437046	1100	1104	care	T052	C1947933
27437046	1109	1120	home health	T058	C3845073
27437046	1121	1129	episodes	T058	C0085554
27437046	1135	1139	PHRs	T170	C0018739
27437046	1150	1158	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27437046	1186	1192	manage	T058	C0184516
27437046	1197	1207	case study	T170	C0085973
27437046	1208	1219	information	T078	C1533716
27437046	1232	1242	increasing	T169	C0442808
27437046	1243	1251	consumer	T098	C1707496
27437046	1252	1267	health literacy	T065	C2362527
27437046	1282	1289	systems	UnknownType	C0683539
27437046	1312	1316	PHRs	T170	C0018739
27437046	1325	1333	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27437046	1354	1374	electronically share	T169	C0205245
27437046	1381	1385	data	T078	C1511726
27437046	1391	1394	gap	T082	C3887622
27437046	1416	1429	functionality	T169	C0542341
27437046	1438	1449	information	T078	C1533716
27437046	1465	1475	case study	T170	C0085973
27437046	1491	1495	PHRs	T170	C0018739
27437046	1517	1521	home	T082	C0442519
27437046	1522	1541	health environments	T068	C0018710
27437046	1554	1558	work	T057	C0043227
27437046	1572	1580	increase	T169	C0442805
27437046	1585	1598	functionality	T169	C0542341
27437046	1606	1609	PHR	T170	C0018739
27437046	1610	1617	systems	UnknownType	C0683539
27437046	1636	1640	data	T078	C1511726
27437046	1650	1661	home health	T058	C3845073
27437046	1662	1669	clients	T096	C0008942

27437094|t|A Web-based Alternative Non-animal Method Database for Safety Cosmetic Evaluations
27437094|a|Animal testing was used traditionally in the cosmetics industry to confirm product safety, but has begun to be banned; alternative methods to replace animal experiments are either in development, or are being validated, worldwide. Research data related to test substances are critical for developing novel alternative tests. Moreover, safety information on cosmetic materials has neither been collected in a database nor shared among researchers. Therefore, it is imperative to build and share a database of safety information on toxicological mechanisms and pathways collected through in vivo, in vitro, and in silico methods. We developed the CAMSEC database (named after the research team; the Consortium of Alternative Methods for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics) to fulfill this purpose. On the same website, our aim is to provide updates on current alternative research methods in Korea. The database will not be used directly to conduct safety evaluations, but researchers or regulatory individuals can use it to facilitate their work in formulating safety evaluations for cosmetic materials. We hope this database will help establish new alternative research methods to conduct efficient safety evaluations of cosmetic materials.
27437094	2	50	Web-based Alternative Non-animal Method Database	T170	C0242356
27437094	55	61	Safety	T068	C0036043
27437094	62	70	Cosmetic	T073	C0010164
27437094	71	82	Evaluations	T062	C0178628
27437094	83	97	Animal testing	T062	C1510899
27437094	128	137	cosmetics	T073	C0010164
27437094	138	146	industry	T057	C0021267
27437094	158	172	product safety	T064	C3825790
27437094	194	200	banned	T054	C0683610
27437094	202	221	alternative methods	T062	C0086912
27437094	233	251	animal experiments	T062	C0205664
27437094	266	277	development	T169	C1527148
27437094	314	327	Research data	T062	C0681873
27437094	339	343	test	T169	C0039593
27437094	344	354	substances	T167	C0439861
27437094	383	388	novel	T080	C0205314
27437094	389	406	alternative tests	T170	C0392366
27437094	418	436	safety information	T170	C2964262
27437094	440	458	cosmetic materials	T073	C0010164
27437094	476	485	collected	T169	C1516698
27437094	491	499	database	T170	C0242356
27437094	517	528	researchers	T097	C0035173
27437094	579	587	database	T170	C0242356
27437094	591	609	safety information	T170	C2964262
27437094	613	637	toxicological mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27437094	642	650	pathways	T077	C1705987
27437094	651	660	collected	T169	C1516698
27437094	669	676	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27437094	678	686	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27437094	692	701	in silico	T066	C3489666
27437094	702	709	methods	T062	C0086912
27437094	728	743	CAMSEC database	T170	C0242356
27437094	761	774	research team	T096	C0871489
27437094	780	848	Consortium of Alternative Methods for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics	T092	C1561598
27437094	839	848	Cosmetics	T073	C0010164
27437094	887	894	website	T170	C2349146
27437094	937	965	alternative research methods	T062	C0086912
27437094	969	974	Korea	T083	C0022771
27437094	980	988	database	T170	C0242356
27437094	1026	1032	safety	T068	C0036043
27437094	1033	1044	evaluations	T062	C0178628
27437094	1050	1061	researchers	T097	C0035173
27437094	1065	1075	regulatory	T077	C1704735
27437094	1076	1087	individuals	T098	C0237401
27437094	1139	1145	safety	T068	C0036043
27437094	1146	1157	evaluations	T062	C0178628
27437094	1162	1180	cosmetic materials	T073	C0010164
27437094	1195	1203	database	T170	C0242356
27437094	1214	1223	establish	T080	C0443211
27437094	1228	1256	alternative research methods	T062	C0086912
27437094	1278	1284	safety	T068	C0036043
27437094	1285	1296	evaluations	T062	C0178628
27437094	1300	1318	cosmetic materials	T073	C0010164

27437203|t|Hypovitaminosis D and Associated Cardiometabolic Risk in Women with PCOS
27437203|a|Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) frequently suffer from metabolic disturbances like insulin resistance, hypertension and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Accumulating evidences suggest that Vitamin D deficiency is common in PCOS and may be associated with metabolic and endocrinal dysfunctions in PCOS. Thus women with PCOS may be at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. Present study aims to evaluate Vitamin D status and to assess its association with metabolic and endocrinal dysregulations in women with PCOS, which might help in early identification and prevention of future symptomatic cardiac disease. A total of 44 women with PCOS, diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria and 45 healthy control without PCOS, were evaluated for Vitamin D and cardiometabolic risk factors, including fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hs-CRP. That apart, several endocrinal parameters of hyperandrogenism were also examined. Several correlation studies were determined to establish the role of Vitamin D as a cardiometabolic risk factor in PCOS. Results were expressed as mean±SD and were statistically analysed using SPSS software version 16, unpaired student's t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. We found lower levels of Vitamin D, which was statistically significant as compared to healthy controls. Hyperinsulinemia, rise in insulin resistance and marked dyslipidemia was observed in the present study. Another relevant finding was significant correlation of Vitamin D with insulin and Homeostatic Model of Assessment- Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR). Hypovitaminosis D was prevalent in PCOS. This was related to metabolic and hormonal disorders in PCOS. Possibly this combined with impaired fasting glucose, IR and dyslipidemia, could account for Cardio vascular risks in PCOS. Further prospective observational studies and randomized control trials are required to explore the above hypothesis.
27437203	0	17	Hypovitaminosis D	T047	C0042870
27437203	33	53	Cardiometabolic Risk	T078	C0035647
27437203	57	62	Women	T098	C0043210
27437203	68	72	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	73	78	Women	T098	C0043210
27437203	84	109	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	T047	C0032460
27437203	111	115	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	140	162	metabolic disturbances	T047	C0746556
27437203	168	186	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27437203	188	200	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27437203	205	229	atherogenic dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
27437203	231	243	Accumulating	T033	C4055506
27437203	267	287	Vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
27437203	301	305	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	317	332	associated with	T080	C0332281
27437203	333	342	metabolic	T047	C0025517
27437203	347	370	endocrinal dysfunctions	T047	C1397856
27437203	374	378	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	385	390	women	T098	C0043210
27437203	396	400	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	420	424	risk	T078	C0035647
27437203	428	450	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27437203	460	465	study	T062	C2603343
27437203	483	492	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27437203	535	544	metabolic	T047	C0025517
27437203	549	574	endocrinal dysregulations	T047	C1397856
27437203	578	583	women	T098	C0043210
27437203	589	593	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	615	635	early identification	T061	C0814435
27437203	640	650	prevention	T061	C0679698
27437203	661	672	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27437203	673	688	cardiac disease	T047	C0018799
27437203	704	709	women	T098	C0043210
27437203	715	719	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	734	752	Rotterdam criteria	T170	C0679228
27437203	760	775	healthy control	T080	C2986479
27437203	784	788	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	809	818	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27437203	823	851	cardiometabolic risk factors	T033	C0035648
27437203	863	885	fasting plasma glucose	T034	C1318375
27437203	887	905	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27437203	907	919	dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
27437203	921	927	hs-CRP	T033	C0742906
27437203	949	959	endocrinal	T169	C0521425
27437203	960	970	parameters	T077	C0549193
27437203	974	990	hyperandrogenism	T047	C0206081
27437203	1019	1038	correlation studies	T062,T170	C0010101
27437203	1080	1089	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27437203	1095	1122	cardiometabolic risk factor	T033	C0035648
27437203	1126	1130	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	1175	1197	statistically analysed	T062	C0871424
27437203	1204	1228	SPSS software version 16	T073,T170	C0037585
27437203	1230	1255	unpaired student's t-test	T170	C1710574
27437203	1260	1293	Pearson's correlation coefficient	T081	C0871052
27437203	1320	1329	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27437203	1382	1398	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27437203	1400	1416	Hyperinsulinemia	T047	C0020459
27437203	1426	1444	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27437203	1456	1468	dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
27437203	1497	1502	study	T062	C2603343
27437203	1560	1569	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27437203	1575	1582	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27437203	1587	1644	Homeostatic Model of Assessment- Insulin Resistance Index	T059	C3639411
27437203	1646	1653	HOMA-IR	T059	C3639411
27437203	1656	1673	Hypovitaminosis D	T047	C0042870
27437203	1691	1695	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	1717	1726	metabolic	T047	C0025517
27437203	1731	1749	hormonal disorders	T033	C3263685
27437203	1753	1757	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	1787	1811	impaired fasting glucose	T033	C1272092
27437203	1813	1815	IR	T046	C0021655
27437203	1820	1832	dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
27437203	1852	1873	Cardio vascular risks	T078	C0035647
27437203	1877	1881	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27437203	1903	1924	observational studies	T170	C3658316
27437203	1929	1954	randomized control trials	T062	C0206035
27437203	1989	1999	hypothesis	T078	C1512571

27438188|t|Update on the Role of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance in Acquired Nonischemic Cardiomyopathies
27438188|a|Cardiomyopathies refer to a variety of myocardial disorders without underlying coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, hypertension, or congenital heart disease. Several imaging modalities are available, but cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has now established itself as a crucial imaging technique in the evaluation of several cardiomyopathies. It not only provides comprehensive information on structure and function, but also can perform tissue characterization, which helps in establishing the etiology of cardiomyopathy. CMR is also useful in establishing the diagnosis, providing guidance for endomyocardial biopsy, accurate quantification of function, volumes, and fibrosis, prognostic determination, risk stratification, and monitoring response to therapy. In this article, we review the current role of CMR in the evaluation of several acquired nonischemic cardiomyopathies, particularly focusing on recent advances in knowledge. We also discuss in detail a select group of common acquired nonischemic cardiomyopathies.
27438188	0	6	Update	T079	C1519814
27438188	22	48	Cardiac Magnetic Resonance	T060	C0412692
27438188	52	60	Acquired	T080	C0439661
27438188	61	89	Nonischemic Cardiomyopathies	T047	C0878544
27438188	90	106	Cardiomyopathies	T047	C0878544
27438188	129	149	myocardial disorders	T047	C3241958
27438188	158	168	underlying	T080	C0205275
27438188	169	192	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010054
27438188	194	216	valvular heart disease	T047	C0018824
27438188	218	230	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27438188	235	259	congenital heart disease	T019	C0152021
27438188	269	287	imaging modalities	T169	C1275506
27438188	307	333	cardiac magnetic resonance	T060	C0412692
27438188	335	338	CMR	T060	C0412692
27438188	380	397	imaging technique	T060	C0079595
27438188	405	415	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27438188	427	443	cardiomyopathies	T047	C0878544
27438188	466	479	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27438188	480	491	information	T078	C1533716
27438188	495	504	structure	T082	C0678594
27438188	509	517	function	T169	C0542341
27438188	532	539	perform	T169	C0884358
27438188	540	546	tissue	T024	C0040300
27438188	547	563	characterization	T052	C1880022
27438188	580	592	establishing	T080	C0443211
27438188	597	605	etiology	T169	C1314792
27438188	609	623	cardiomyopathy	T047	C0878544
27438188	625	628	CMR	T060	C0412692
27438188	647	659	establishing	T080	C0443211
27438188	664	673	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27438188	675	684	providing	T052	C1999230
27438188	685	693	guidance	T061	C1959633
27438188	698	719	endomyocardial biopsy	T060	C0189785
27438188	721	729	accurate	T080	C0443131
27438188	730	744	quantification	T081	C1709793
27438188	748	756	function	T169	C0542341
27438188	758	765	volumes	T081	C0449468
27438188	771	779	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27438188	781	791	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27438188	792	805	determination	T080	C0521095
27438188	807	811	risk	T078	C0035647
27438188	812	826	stratification	T062	C1514983
27438188	832	862	monitoring response to therapy	T058	C1822578
27438188	872	879	article	T170	C0282420
27438188	884	890	review	T078	C1552617
27438188	895	902	current	T079	C0521116
27438188	911	914	CMR	T060	C0412692
27438188	922	932	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27438188	944	952	acquired	T080	C0439661
27438188	953	981	nonischemic cardiomyopathies	T047	C0878544
27438188	1008	1014	recent	T079	C0332185
27438188	1027	1036	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27438188	1066	1078	select group	T098	C1257890
27438188	1089	1097	acquired	T080	C0439661
27438188	1098	1126	nonischemic cardiomyopathies	T047	C0878544

27438230|t|Modern Image-Guided Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Oropharynx Cancer and Severe Late Toxic Effects: Implications for Clinical Trial Design
27438230|a|Late toxic effects are common after definitive radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy for oropharynx cancer and are considered a significant contributor to decreased quality of life for survivors. The incidence of severe late toxic effects may be reduced by modern narrow-margin image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT), current supportive care improvements, and the changing epidemiology of oropharynx cancer. Assess the incidence of severe late toxic effects after modern definitive non-operative treatment for oropharynx cancer. For this single-institution retrospective review, 156 patients with stage I-IVB squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx treated between April 2009 and February 2015 at a tertiary-referral academic multidisciplinary head and neck practice were recruited. Definitive narrow-margin IG-IMRT to a dose of 66 Gy (to convert milligray to rad, multiply by 0.1) or higher with or without concurrent cisplatin. The primary outcome was the prospectively collected 2- year cumulative incidence of severe late toxic effects (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3 or higher) occurring 3 months or more after radiotherapy. Toxic effect end points investigated included esophageal stricture requiring dilation, aspiration pneumonia hospitalization, vocal dysfunction, delayed feeding tube insertions, and osteoradionecrosis. Feeding tube dependence at 1 year was also considered a severe late toxic effect. Secondary outcomes collected include physician -reported grade 2 or higher neck fibrosis and xerostomia. The competing risks of recurrence and death were accounted for using the Gray method. One-hundred fifty-six patients (median [range] age, 58 [37-96] years) were identified; 130 patients (83%) were HPV positive. Concurrent cisplatin was delivered in 131 patients (84%) and 5 patients (3%) underwent an adjuvant neck dissection. The median (range) follow-up for survivors was 22 (4-73) months from diagnosis. The projected 2- year locoregional control was 93% (95% CI, 88.4%-97.6%) and overall survival was 88% (95% CI, 82.2%-94.0%). Thirty-eight patients (23%) required a feeding tube during treatment. The cumulative incidence of severe late toxic effects adjusted for competing risks at 2- year posttreatment was 2.3% (95% CI, 0%-5.6%). One patient required free-flap reconstruction for grade 3 osteoradionecrosis at 47 months. At 1 year, 2 patients (1%) experienced grade 2 neck fibrosis and 38 patients (23%) experienced grade 2 xerostomia. These results suggest that severe late toxic effects after modern definitive IG-IMRT, with or without cisplatin, for oropharynx cancer is likely uncommon. The importance of late toxic effect reduction in current and future investigational strategies, including clinical trials, should be considered.
27438230	7	52	Image-Guided Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy	T061	C1512814
27438230	57	74	Oropharynx Cancer	T191	C0153382
27438230	86	104	Late Toxic Effects	T046	C0160814
27438230	123	144	Clinical Trial Design	T201	C1507647
27438230	145	163	Late toxic effects	T046	C0160814
27438230	192	204	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27438230	209	226	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
27438230	231	248	oropharynx cancer	T191	C0153382
27438230	307	322	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27438230	327	336	survivors	T101	C0206194
27438230	362	380	late toxic effects	T046	C0160814
27438230	406	419	narrow-margin	T201	C3641165
27438230	420	465	image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy	T061	C1512814
27438230	467	474	IG-IMRT	T061	C1512814
27438230	532	544	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27438230	548	565	oropharynx cancer	T191	C0153382
27438230	598	616	late toxic effects	T046	C0160814
27438230	641	664	non-operative treatment	T061	C0087111
27438230	669	686	oropharynx cancer	T191	C0153382
27438230	742	750	patients	T101	C0030705
27438230	768	809	squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx	T191	C0280313
27438230	810	817	treated	T061	C0087111
27438230	860	927	tertiary-referral academic multidisciplinary head and neck practice	T073,T093	C0587437
27438230	955	968	narrow-margin	T201	C3641165
27438230	969	976	IG-IMRT	T061	C1512814
27438230	982	986	dose	T081	C0178602
27438230	1080	1089	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27438230	1103	1110	outcome	T169	C1274040
27438230	1146	1150	year	T079	C0439234
27438230	1151	1171	cumulative incidence	T081	C0021149
27438230	1182	1200	late toxic effects	T046	C0160814
27438230	1202	1248	Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events	T170	C3888020
27438230	1249	1256	grade 3	T033	C1519275
27438230	1280	1286	months	T079	C0439231
27438230	1301	1313	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27438230	1315	1327	Toxic effect	T037	C0600688
27438230	1361	1381	esophageal stricture	T047,T190	C0014866
27438230	1392	1400	dilation	T061	C1322279
27438230	1402	1422	aspiration pneumonia	T047	C0032290
27438230	1423	1438	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27438230	1440	1457	vocal dysfunction	T184	C1657467
27438230	1467	1490	feeding tube insertions	T061	C0021931
27438230	1496	1514	osteoradionecrosis	T046	C0029461
27438230	1516	1528	Feeding tube	T074	C2945625
27438230	1545	1549	year	T079	C0439234
27438230	1579	1596	late toxic effect	T046	C0160814
27438230	1598	1607	Secondary	T081	C0205436
27438230	1608	1616	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27438230	1635	1644	physician	T097	C0031831
27438230	1655	1662	grade 2	T080	C1522446
27438230	1673	1677	neck	T029	C0027530
27438230	1678	1686	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27438230	1691	1701	xerostomia	T033	C0043352
27438230	1717	1722	risks	T058	C0035649
27438230	1741	1746	death	T040	C0011065
27438230	1776	1787	Gray method	T170	C0025663
27438230	1811	1819	patients	T101	C0030705
27438230	1836	1839	age	T032	C0001779
27438230	1852	1857	years	T079	C0439234
27438230	1880	1888	patients	T101	C0030705
27438230	1900	1912	HPV positive	T034	C4288937
27438230	1925	1934	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27438230	1956	1964	patients	T101	C0030705
27438230	1977	1985	patients	T101	C0030705
27438230	2013	2028	neck dissection	T061	C0398395
27438230	2063	2072	survivors	T101	C0206194
27438230	2087	2093	months	T079	C0439231
27438230	2099	2108	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27438230	2127	2131	year	T079	C0439234
27438230	2132	2144	locoregional	T082	C1947913
27438230	2145	2152	control	T080	C0243148
27438230	2166	2168	CI	T081	C0021149
27438230	2187	2203	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27438230	2217	2219	CI	T081	C0021149
27438230	2248	2256	patients	T101	C0030705
27438230	2274	2286	feeding tube	T074	C2945625
27438230	2294	2303	treatment	T061	C0087111
27438230	2309	2329	cumulative incidence	T081	C0021149
27438230	2340	2358	late toxic effects	T046	C0160814
27438230	2382	2387	risks	T058	C0035649
27438230	2394	2398	year	T079	C0439234
27438230	2399	2412	posttreatment	T079	C2709088
27438230	2427	2429	CI	T081	C0021149
27438230	2445	2452	patient	T101	C0030705
27438230	2462	2486	free-flap reconstruction	T061	C0411582
27438230	2499	2517	osteoradionecrosis	T046	C0029461
27438230	2524	2530	months	T079	C0439231
27438230	2537	2541	year	T079	C0439234
27438230	2545	2553	patients	T101	C0030705
27438230	2571	2578	grade 2	T080	C1522446
27438230	2579	2583	neck	T029	C0027530
27438230	2584	2592	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27438230	2600	2608	patients	T101	C0030705
27438230	2627	2645	grade 2 xerostomia	T033	C1560329
27438230	2681	2699	late toxic effects	T046	C0160814
27438230	2724	2731	IG-IMRT	T061	C1512814
27438230	2749	2758	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27438230	2764	2781	oropharynx cancer	T191	C0153382
27438230	2820	2837	late toxic effect	T046	C0160814
27438230	2908	2923	clinical trials	T062	C0008976

27438380|t|Family close but friends closer: exploring social support and resilience in older spousal dementia carers
27438380|a|Spousal dementia carers have unique support needs; they are likely to disengage from their existing social networks as they need to devote more time to caring as the disease progresses. Previously we showed that support resources can facilitate resilience in carers, but the relationship is complex and varies by relationship type. The current paper aims to explore social support as a key component of resilience to identify the availability, function and perceived functional aspects of support provided to older spousal dementia carers. We conducted 23 in-depth qualitative interviews with spousal carers from two carer support groups and a care home in North West England. Family and friends served a wide range of functions but were equally available to resilient and non-resilient participants. Family support was perceived as unhelpful if it created feelings of over-dependence. Participants were less likely to resist involvement of grandchildren due to their relatively narrow and low-level support functions. Friend support was perceived as most helpful when it derived from those in similar circumstances. Neighbours played a functionally unique role of crisis management. These perceptions may moderate the effect of support on resilience. Family and friend support is not always sufficient to facilitate resilience. Support functions facilitate resilience only if they are perceived to match need. Implications of these findings are discussed.
27438380	0	6	Family	T099	C0015576
27438380	7	12	close	T033	C1821461
27438380	17	24	friends	T098	C0079382
27438380	25	31	closer	T033	C1821461
27438380	43	57	social support	T054	C0037438
27438380	62	72	resilience	T055	C0683253
27438380	76	81	older	T098	C0001792
27438380	82	89	spousal	T099	C0162409
27438380	90	98	dementia	T048	C0497327
27438380	99	105	carers	T097	C1305660
27438380	106	113	Spousal	T099	C0162409
27438380	114	122	dementia	T048	C0497327
27438380	123	129	carers	T097	C1305660
27438380	142	149	support	T054	C0037438
27438380	150	155	needs	T080	C0027552
27438380	176	185	disengage	T080	C0205556
27438380	197	205	existing	T077	C2987476
27438380	206	221	social networks	T098	C0150775
27438380	250	254	time	T079	C0040223
27438380	258	264	caring	T055	C0150499
27438380	272	290	disease progresses	T046	C0242656
27438380	318	325	support	T054	C0037438
27438380	326	335	resources	T078	C0035201
27438380	351	361	resilience	T055	C0683253
27438380	365	371	carers	T097	C1305660
27438380	381	393	relationship	T080	C0439849
27438380	397	404	complex	T080	C0439855
27438380	419	436	relationship type	T169	C2826982
27438380	472	486	social support	T054	C0037438
27438380	509	519	resilience	T055	C0683253
27438380	536	548	availability	T169	C0470187
27438380	550	558	function	T169	C0542341
27438380	563	591	perceived functional aspects	T169	C0205245
27438380	595	602	support	T054	C0037438
27438380	615	620	older	T098	C0001792
27438380	621	628	spousal	T099	C0162409
27438380	629	637	dementia	T048	C0497327
27438380	638	644	carers	T097	C1305660
27438380	662	693	in-depth qualitative interviews	T052	C0021822
27438380	699	706	spousal	T099	C0162409
27438380	707	713	carers	T097	C1305660
27438380	723	728	carer	T097	C1305660
27438380	729	743	support groups	T095	C0036606
27438380	763	781	North West England	T083	C0014282
27438380	783	789	Family	T099	C0015576
27438380	794	801	friends	T098	C0079382
27438380	825	834	functions	T169	C0542341
27438380	865	874	resilient	T098	C0679646
27438380	879	905	non-resilient participants	T098	C0679646
27438380	907	921	Family support	T061	C0150232
27438380	926	935	perceived	T041	C0030971
27438380	955	962	created	T052	C1706214
27438380	963	971	feelings	T041	C1527305
27438380	975	990	over-dependence	T080	C0205556
27438380	992	1004	Participants	T098	C0679646
27438380	1025	1043	resist involvement	T169	C1314939
27438380	1047	1060	grandchildren	T099	C0337548
27438380	1085	1123	narrow and low-level support functions	T054	C0037438
27438380	1125	1131	Friend	T098	C0079382
27438380	1132	1139	support	T054	C0037438
27438380	1144	1153	perceived	T041	C0030971
27438380	1162	1169	helpful	T080	C3898897
27438380	1208	1221	circumstances	T080	C0851364
27438380	1223	1233	Neighbours	T098	C1553702
27438380	1271	1288	crisis management	T061	C0262762
27438380	1296	1307	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27438380	1312	1320	moderate	T080	C0205081
27438380	1325	1331	effect	T080	C1280500
27438380	1335	1342	support	T054	C0037438
27438380	1346	1356	resilience	T055	C0683253
27438380	1358	1364	Family	T061	C0150232
27438380	1369	1375	friend	T098	C0079382
27438380	1376	1383	support	T054	C0037438
27438380	1398	1408	sufficient	T080	C0205410
27438380	1423	1433	resilience	T055	C0683253
27438380	1435	1452	Support functions	T054	C0037438
27438380	1464	1474	resilience	T055	C0683253
27438380	1492	1501	perceived	T041	C0030971
27438380	1511	1515	need	T080	C0027552
27438380	1517	1529	Implications	T033	C0243095
27438380	1539	1547	findings	T169	C2607943

27438403|t|Axially Chiral Dimeric Naphthalene and Naphthoquinone Metabolites, from Root Cultures of the West African Liana Triphyophyllum peltatum
27438403|a|Root cultures of the West African liana Triphyophyllum peltatum were initiated from stem explants of in vitro cultivated shoots. From these organ cultures, three new binaphthalenes, one binaphthoquinone, and two (bi)naphthalene glucosides were isolated, with substitution patterns related to those of the naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids, which are the "normal" main metabolites of T. peltatum. The structures of the diglucoside dioncoquinoside A (1) and of the axially chiral biaryls triphyoquinols A1 (3), A2 (4), and B (5), triphyoquinoside A (6), and triphyoquinone A (7) were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR) and by application of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy in combination with the exciton chirality method and quantum-chemical ECD calculations. The root cultures likewise produced the known alkaloids dioncophylline A (8), 5'-O-demethyldioncophylline A (9), dioncopeltine A (10), habropetaline A (11), and 5'-O-methyldioncophylline D (12a/b), the naphthalene glucoside plumbaside A (2), and the naphthoquinones plumbagin (13), droserone (14), and 8-hydroxydroserone (15).
27438403	0	7	Axially	T082	C0205131
27438403	8	14	Chiral	T067	C3539649
27438403	15	22	Dimeric	T104	C0596448
27438403	23	34	Naphthalene	T109,T121	C0027375
27438403	39	53	Naphthoquinone	T109	C0027388
27438403	54	65	Metabolites	T123	C0870883
27438403	72	76	Root	T002	C0242726
27438403	77	85	Cultures	T059	C0430400
27438403	93	105	West African	T083	C0001747
27438403	106	111	Liana	T002	C0032098
27438403	112	135	Triphyophyllum peltatum	T002	C1084542
27438403	136	140	Root	T002	C0242726
27438403	141	149	cultures	T059	C0430400
27438403	157	169	West African	T083	C0001747
27438403	170	175	liana	T002	C0032098
27438403	176	199	Triphyophyllum peltatum	T002	C1084542
27438403	220	224	stem	T002	C0242767
27438403	225	233	explants	T061	C0444933
27438403	237	245	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27438403	246	263	cultivated shoots	UnknownType	C0869005
27438403	276	290	organ cultures	T059	C0029205
27438403	302	316	binaphthalenes	T123	C0574031
27438403	322	338	binaphthoquinone	T123	C0574031
27438403	348	374	(bi)naphthalene glucosides	T123	C0574031
27438403	380	388	isolated	T169	C0205409
27438403	441	471	naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27438403	501	512	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27438403	516	527	T. peltatum	T002	C1084542
27438403	533	543	structures	T082	C0678594
27438403	551	580	diglucoside dioncoquinoside A	T123	C0574031
27438403	596	603	axially	T082	C0205131
27438403	604	610	chiral	T067	C3539649
27438403	611	636	biaryls triphyoquinols A1	T123	C0574031
27438403	642	644	A2	T123	C0574031
27438403	654	655	B	T123	C0574031
27438403	661	679	triphyoquinoside A	T123	C0574031
27438403	689	705	triphyoquinone A	T123	C0574031
27438403	729	751	spectroscopic analysis	T059	C0037812
27438403	753	760	HRESIMS	T059	C0037813
27438403	762	764	1D	T060	C0877853
27438403	769	775	2D NMR	T060	C0877853
27438403	799	847	electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy	T070	C1519445
27438403	851	862	combination	T080	C0205195
27438403	872	896	exciton chirality method	T170	C0025663
27438403	901	934	quantum-chemical ECD calculations	T059	C0201805
27438403	940	944	root	T002	C0242726
27438403	945	953	cultures	T059	C0430400
27438403	982	991	alkaloids	T109,T121	C0002062
27438403	992	1008	dioncophylline A	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27438403	1014	1043	5'-O-demethyldioncophylline A	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27438403	1049	1064	dioncopeltine A	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27438403	1071	1086	habropetaline A	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27438403	1097	1124	5'-O-methyldioncophylline D	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27438403	1138	1172	naphthalene glucoside plumbaside A	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27438403	1186	1211	naphthoquinones plumbagin	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27438403	1218	1227	droserone	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27438403	1238	1256	8-hydroxydroserone	T109,T123,T131	C0301258

27438523|t|Tubular, lactating, and ductal adenomas are devoid of MED12 Exon2 mutations, and ductal adenomas show recurrent mutations in GNAS and the PI3K-AKT pathway
27438523|a|Adenomas of the breast are rare benign tumors although single cases with malignant behavior have been reported. However, the genetic basis of these tumors is unknown. Employing targeted next generation sequencing of 50 cancer-related genes as well as Sanger sequencing, we profiled a cohort of 18 mammary adenomas comprising 9 ductal, 6 tubular, and 3 lactating adenoma. Missense mutations were detected in 8 of the 18 cases (44%). Specifically, five (56%) ductal adenomas and three (50%) tubular adenomas harbored mutated genes. No mutations were detected in lactating adenomas. Three of the nine ductal adenomas showed mutant AKT1 (p.E17K) with two of them harboring an additional GNAS mutation (p.R201C). One case had mutant PIK3CA (p.H1047R) and another case a mutation in GNAS (p.R201C). The three cases of mutated tubular adenomas showed mutations in either MET or FGFR3. Of note, we did not detect copy number changes and none of the cases including tubular adenomas had mutations in exon 2 of MED12. Our results suggest that ductal adenomas are related to papillomas of the breast and screening for mutations in exon 2 of MED12 might help to facilitate differential diagnosis between tubular adenoma and fibroadenoma in difficult cases. Lastly, our data exemplarily demonstrate that mutations in cancer-related genes per se do not indicate malignancy but occur in benign tumors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27438523	0	7	Tubular	T191	C0334292
27438523	9	18	lactating	T191	C1266023
27438523	24	39	ductal adenomas	T191	C0206713
27438523	44	50	devoid	T080	C0332268
27438523	54	59	MED12	T028	C1537677
27438523	60	65	Exon2	T114,T123	C0015295
27438523	66	75	mutations	T045	C0596611
27438523	81	96	ductal adenomas	T191	C0206713
27438523	112	121	mutations	T045	C0596611
27438523	125	129	GNAS	T028	C1366550
27438523	138	154	PI3K-AKT pathway	T169	C2984369
27438523	155	163	Adenomas	T191	C0001430
27438523	171	177	breast	T023	C0006141
27438523	187	200	benign tumors	T191	C0086692
27438523	217	222	cases	T077	C1706256
27438523	228	246	malignant behavior	T080	C0205282
27438523	280	287	genetic	T169	C0314603
27438523	303	309	tumors	T191	C0027651
27438523	341	367	next generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
27438523	374	394	cancer-related genes	T028	C0029016
27438523	406	423	Sanger sequencing	T063	C1511897
27438523	439	445	cohort	T081	C0009247
27438523	452	468	mammary adenomas	T191	C1328385
27438523	482	488	ductal	T191	C0206713
27438523	492	499	tubular	T191	C0334292
27438523	507	524	lactating adenoma	T191	C1266023
27438523	526	544	Missense mutations	T045	C0599155
27438523	574	579	cases	T077	C1706256
27438523	612	627	ductal adenomas	T191	C0206713
27438523	644	660	tubular adenomas	T191	C0334292
27438523	670	683	mutated genes	T028	C0678941
27438523	685	687	No	T033	C1513916
27438523	688	697	mutations	T045	C0026882
27438523	715	733	lactating adenomas	T191	C1266023
27438523	753	768	ductal adenomas	T191	C0206713
27438523	776	796	mutant AKT1 (p.E17K)	T049	C3273954
27438523	838	861	GNAS mutation (p.R201C)	T049	C1708260
27438523	867	871	case	T077	C1706256
27438523	876	900	mutant PIK3CA (p.H1047R)	T049	C3274132
27438523	913	917	case	T077	C1706256
27438523	920	946	mutation in GNAS (p.R201C)	T049	C1708260
27438523	958	963	cases	T077	C1706256
27438523	967	991	mutated tubular adenomas	T191	C0334292
27438523	999	1008	mutations	T045	C0596611
27438523	1019	1022	MET	T028	C1417123
27438523	1026	1031	FGFR3	T028	C1333543
27438523	1096	1101	cases	T077	C1706256
27438523	1112	1128	tubular adenomas	T191	C0334292
27438523	1133	1142	mutations	T045	C0596611
27438523	1146	1152	exon 2	T114,T123	C0015295
27438523	1156	1161	MED12	T028	C1537677
27438523	1188	1203	ductal adenomas	T191	C0206713
27438523	1219	1229	papillomas	T191	C0030354
27438523	1237	1243	breast	T023	C0006141
27438523	1248	1257	screening	T058	C1710032
27438523	1262	1271	mutations	T045	C0596611
27438523	1275	1281	exon 2	T114,T123	C0015295
27438523	1285	1290	MED12	T028	C1537677
27438523	1329	1338	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27438523	1347	1362	tubular adenoma	T191	C0334292
27438523	1367	1379	fibroadenoma	T191	C0206650
27438523	1393	1398	cases	T077	C1706256
27438523	1446	1455	mutations	T045	C0596611
27438523	1459	1479	cancer-related genes	T028	C0029016
27438523	1503	1513	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27438523	1527	1540	benign tumors	T191	C0086692

27439116|t|Recent advances in chitosan -based nanoparticulate pulmonary drug delivery
27439116|a|The advent of biodegradable polymer - encapsulated drug nanoparticles has made the pulmonary route of administration an exciting area of drug delivery research. Chitosan, a natural biodegradable and biocompatible polysaccharide has received enormous attention as a carrier for drug delivery. Recently, nanoparticles of chitosan (CS) and its synthetic derivatives have been investigated for the encapsulation and delivery of many drugs with improved targeting and controlled release. Herein, recent advances in the preparation and use of micro- / nanoparticles of chitosan and its derivatives for pulmonary delivery of various therapeutic agents (drugs, genes, vaccines) are reviewed. Although chitosan has wide applications in terms of formulations and routes of drug delivery, this review is focused on pulmonary delivery of drug-encapsulated nanoparticles of chitosan and its derivatives. In addition, the controversial toxicological effects of chitosan nanoparticles for lung delivery will also be discussed.
27439116	0	6	Recent	T079	C0332185
27439116	7	15	advances	T078	C1519201
27439116	19	27	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	35	50	nanoparticulate	T073	C1450054
27439116	51	60	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27439116	61	74	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
27439116	89	110	biodegradable polymer	T109,T122	C0597998
27439116	113	125	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27439116	126	130	drug	T121	C1254351
27439116	131	144	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27439116	158	167	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27439116	168	191	route of administration	T169	C0013153
27439116	212	225	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
27439116	226	234	research	T062	C0035168
27439116	236	244	Chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	248	255	natural	T169	C0205296
27439116	256	269	biodegradable	T109,T122	C0597998
27439116	274	287	biocompatible	T122	C0005479
27439116	288	302	polysaccharide	T109,T121	C0032594
27439116	307	315	received	T080	C1514756
27439116	340	347	carrier	T122	C0013161
27439116	352	365	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
27439116	377	390	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27439116	394	402	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	404	406	CS	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	416	437	synthetic derivatives	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	448	460	investigated	T169	C1292732
27439116	469	482	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
27439116	487	495	delivery	T169	C0205245
27439116	504	509	drugs	T121	C1254351
27439116	515	523	improved	T033	C0184511
27439116	524	533	targeting	T169	C1521840
27439116	538	556	controlled release	T079	C0868939
27439116	566	572	recent	T079	C0332185
27439116	573	581	advances	T078	C1519201
27439116	589	600	preparation	T052	C1521827
27439116	605	611	use of	T169	C1524063
27439116	612	618	micro-	T026	C4085688
27439116	621	634	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27439116	638	646	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	655	666	derivatives	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	671	680	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27439116	681	689	delivery	T169	C0205245
27439116	701	719	therapeutic agents	T073	C0304231
27439116	721	726	drugs	T121	C1254351
27439116	728	733	genes	T028	C0017337
27439116	735	743	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27439116	749	757	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27439116	768	776	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	786	798	applications	T169	C0205245
27439116	811	823	formulations	T062	C0524527
27439116	828	851	routes of drug delivery	T169	C0013153
27439116	858	864	review	T170	C0282443
27439116	879	888	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27439116	889	932	delivery of drug-encapsulated nanoparticles	T058	C1881966
27439116	936	944	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	953	964	derivatives	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	983	996	controversial	T078	C1254370
27439116	997	1018	toxicological effects	T037	C0600688
27439116	1022	1030	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27439116	1031	1044	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27439116	1049	1053	lung	T023	C0024109
27439116	1054	1062	delivery	T169	C0205245

27439307|t|EctD -mediated biotransformation of the chemical chaperone ectoine into hydroxyectoine and its mechanosensitive channel -independent excretion
27439307|a|Ectoine and its derivative 5-hydroxyectoine are cytoprotectants widely synthesized by microorganisms as a defense against the detrimental effects of high osmolarity on cellular physiology and growth. Both ectoines possess the ability to preserve the functionality of proteins, macromolecular complexes, and even entire cells, attributes that led to their description as chemical chaperones. As a consequence, there is growing interest in using ectoines for biotechnological purposes, in skin care, and in medical applications. 5-Hydroxyectoine is synthesized from ectoine through a region- and stereo-specific hydroxylation reaction mediated by the EctD enzyme, a member of the non-heme-containing iron(II) and 2-oxoglutarate -dependent dioxygenases. This chemical modification endows the newly formed 5-hydroxyectoine with either superior or different stress- protecting and stabilizing properties. Microorganisms producing 5-hydroxyectoine typically contain a mixture of both ectoines. We aimed to establish a recombinant microbial cell factory where 5-hydroxyectoine is (i) produced in highly purified form, and (ii) secreted into the growth medium. We used an Escherichia coli strain (FF4169) defective in the synthesis of the osmostress protectant trehalose as the chassis for our recombinant cell factory. We expressed in this strain a plasmid -encoded ectD gene from Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 under the control of the anhydrotetracycline -inducible tet promoter. We chose the ectoine hydroxylase from P. stutzeri A1501 for our cell factory after a careful comparison of the in vivo performance of seven different EctD proteins. In the final set-up of the cell factory, ectoine was provided to salt-stressed cultures of strain FF4169 (pMP41; ectD (+)). Ectoine was imported into the cells via the osmotically inducible ProP and ProU transport systems, intracellularly converted to 5-hydroxyectoine, which was then almost quantitatively secreted into the growth medium. Experiments with an E. coli mutant lacking all currently known mechanosensitive channels (MscL, MscS, MscK, MscM) revealed that the release of 5-hydroxyectoine under osmotic steady-state conditions occurred independently of these microbial safety valves. In shake-flask experiments, 2.13 g l(-1) ectoine (15 mM) was completely converted into 5-hydroxyectoine within 24 h. We describe here a recombinant E. coli cell factory for the production and secretion of the chemical chaperone 5-hydroxyectoine free from contaminating ectoine.
27439307	0	4	EctD	T116,T126	C0599874
27439307	15	32	biotransformation	T169	C0220798
27439307	40	48	chemical	T103	C0220806
27439307	49	58	chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
27439307	59	66	ectoine	T116	C0164311
27439307	72	86	hydroxyectoine	T116	C0909251
27439307	95	111	mechanosensitive	T169	C0332324
27439307	112	119	channel	T082	C0439799
27439307	133	142	excretion	T039	C0221102
27439307	143	150	Ectoine	T116	C0164311
27439307	159	169	derivative	T104	C0002776
27439307	170	186	5-hydroxyectoine	T116	C1956297
27439307	191	206	cytoprotectants	T121	C1268903
27439307	214	225	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27439307	229	243	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27439307	249	256	defense	T077	C1880266
27439307	297	307	osmolarity	T201	C0029387
27439307	311	330	cellular physiology	T043	C0007613
27439307	335	341	growth	T040	C0018270
27439307	348	356	ectoines	T116	C0164311
27439307	393	406	functionality	T039	C0031843
27439307	410	418	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27439307	420	444	macromolecular complexes	T116	C0751282
27439307	462	467	cells	T025	C0007634
27439307	513	521	chemical	T103	C0220806
27439307	522	532	chaperones	T116,T123	C0243041
27439307	587	595	ectoines	T116	C0164311
27439307	600	616	biotechnological	T091	C0005574
27439307	630	639	skin care	T061	C0150773
27439307	648	655	medical	T169	C0205476
27439307	670	686	5-Hydroxyectoine	T116	C1956297
27439307	690	701	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27439307	707	714	ectoine	T116	C0164311
27439307	753	766	hydroxylation	T070	C0020365
27439307	767	775	reaction	T169	C0443286
27439307	792	803	EctD enzyme	T116,T126	C0599874
27439307	821	849	non-heme-containing iron(II)	T116,T123	C0068925
27439307	854	868	2-oxoglutarate	T109,T121	C1291208
27439307	880	892	dioxygenases	T116,T126	C0599874
27439307	899	907	chemical	T103	C0220806
27439307	908	920	modification	T033	C3840684
27439307	945	961	5-hydroxyectoine	T116	C1956297
27439307	1043	1057	Microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27439307	1068	1084	5-hydroxyectoine	T116	C1956297
27439307	1121	1129	ectoines	T116	C0164311
27439307	1134	1139	aimed	T078	C1947946
27439307	1155	1166	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27439307	1167	1176	microbial	T001	C0599840
27439307	1177	1189	cell factory	T025	C0007634
27439307	1196	1212	5-hydroxyectoine	T116	C1956297
27439307	1263	1271	secreted	T043	C1327616
27439307	1281	1294	growth medium	T130	C0010454
27439307	1307	1323	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27439307	1324	1330	strain	T001	C1518614
27439307	1332	1338	FF4169	T001	C1518614
27439307	1357	1366	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27439307	1374	1384	osmostress	T033	C0038435
27439307	1396	1405	trehalose	T109,T121,T123	C0040815
27439307	1429	1440	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27439307	1441	1453	cell factory	T025	C0007634
27439307	1458	1467	expressed	T045	C0017262
27439307	1476	1482	strain	T001	C1518614
27439307	1485	1492	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27439307	1502	1511	ectD gene	T028	C0017337
27439307	1517	1543	Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501	T007	C0317968
27439307	1569	1588	anhydrotetracycline	T109,T121	C3710841
27439307	1600	1612	tet promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27439307	1627	1646	ectoine hydroxylase	T116,T126	C0599874
27439307	1652	1669	P. stutzeri A1501	T007	C0317968
27439307	1678	1690	cell factory	T025	C0007634
27439307	1707	1717	comparison	T052	C1707455
27439307	1725	1732	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27439307	1764	1777	EctD proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27439307	1806	1818	cell factory	T025	C0007634
27439307	1820	1827	ectoine	T116	C0164311
27439307	1844	1866	salt-stressed cultures	T059	C0430402
27439307	1870	1876	strain	T001	C1518614
27439307	1877	1883	FF4169	T001	C1518614
27439307	1885	1890	pMP41	T028	C0017337
27439307	1892	1900	ectD (+)	T028	C0017337
27439307	1903	1910	Ectoine	T116	C0164311
27439307	1933	1938	cells	T025	C0007634
27439307	1947	1958	osmotically	T070	C0029391
27439307	1969	1973	ProP	T116,T123	C0212538
27439307	1978	1982	ProU	T116,T123	C1256844
27439307	1983	2000	transport systems	T043	C0005528
27439307	2002	2017	intracellularly	T082	C0178719
27439307	2031	2047	5-hydroxyectoine	T116	C1956297
27439307	2071	2085	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
27439307	2086	2094	secreted	T043	C1327616
27439307	2104	2117	growth medium	T130	C0010454
27439307	2139	2146	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27439307	2147	2153	mutant	T049	C0596988
27439307	2182	2198	mechanosensitive	T169	C0332324
27439307	2199	2207	channels	T082	C0439799
27439307	2209	2213	MscL	T116,T123	C0253462
27439307	2215	2219	MscS	T116,T123	C1172793
27439307	2221	2225	MscK	T116,T123	C0033684
27439307	2227	2231	MscM	T116,T123	C0033684
27439307	2262	2278	5-hydroxyectoine	T116	C1956297
27439307	2285	2292	osmotic	T070	C0029391
27439307	2293	2305	steady-state	T070	C0678587
27439307	2349	2358	microbial	T001	C0599840
27439307	2377	2400	shake-flask experiments	T059	C3179108
27439307	2415	2422	ectoine	T116	C0164311
27439307	2461	2477	5-hydroxyectoine	T116	C1956297
27439307	2510	2521	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27439307	2522	2529	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27439307	2530	2542	cell factory	T025	C0007634
27439307	2566	2575	secretion	T043	C1327616
27439307	2583	2591	chemical	T103	C0220806
27439307	2592	2601	chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
27439307	2602	2618	5-hydroxyectoine	T116	C1956297
27439307	2629	2642	contaminating	T078	C2349974
27439307	2643	2650	ectoine	T116	C0164311

27439396|t|Remote monitoring of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices: a Southeast Asian, single-centre pilot study
27439396|a|Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) has been shown to improve patient safety and reduce in-office visits. We report our experience with remote monitoring via the Medtronic CareLink(®) network. Patients were followed up for six months with scheduled monthly remote monitoring transmissions in addition to routine in-office checks. The efficacy of remote monitoring was evaluated by recording compliance to transmissions, number of device alerts requiring intervention and time from transmission to review. Questionnaires were administered to evaluate the experiences of patients, physicians and medical technicians. A total of 57 patients were enrolled; 16 (28.1%) had permanent pacemakers, 34 (59.6%) had implantable cardioverter defibrillators and 7 (12.3%) had cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillators. Overall, of 334 remote transmissions scheduled, 73.7% were on time, 14.5% were overdue and 11.8% were missed. 84.6% of wireless transmissions were on time, compared to 53.8% of non-wireless transmissions. Among all transmissions, 4.4% contained alerts for which physicians were informed and only 1.8% required intervention. 98.6% of remote transmissions were reviewed by the second working day. 73.2% of patients preferred remote monitoring. Physicians agreed that remote transmissions provided information equivalent to in-office checks 97.1% of the time. 77.8% of medical technicians felt that remote monitoring would help the hospital improve patient management. No adverse events were reported. Remote monitoring of CIED is safe and feasible. It has possible benefits to patient safety through earlier detection of arrhythmias or device malfunction, permitting earlier intervention. Wireless remote monitoring, in particular, may improve compliance to device monitoring. Patients may prefer remote monitoring due to possible improvements in quality of life.
27439396	0	6	Remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	7	17	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27439396	21	29	patients	T101	C0030705
27439396	35	73	cardiac implantable electronic devices	T074	C0025080
27439396	77	92	Southeast Asian	T098	C0238697
27439396	94	107	single-centre	T093	C1708333
27439396	108	119	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27439396	120	126	Remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	127	137	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27439396	141	179	cardiac implantable electronic devices	T074	C0025080
27439396	181	185	CIED	T074	C0025080
27439396	205	212	improve	T033	C0184511
27439396	213	227	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27439396	232	238	reduce	T080	C0392756
27439396	239	255	in-office visits	T058	C0028900
27439396	260	266	report	T170	C0684224
27439396	271	281	experience	T041	C0237607
27439396	287	293	remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	294	304	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27439396	313	342	Medtronic CareLink(®) network	T170	C0282574
27439396	344	352	Patients	T101	C0030705
27439396	358	369	followed up	T058	C1522577
27439396	390	399	scheduled	T079	C1571999
27439396	400	407	monthly	T079	C0332177
27439396	408	414	remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	415	425	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27439396	426	439	transmissions	T052	C0441655
27439396	455	462	routine	T080	C0205547
27439396	463	479	in-office checks	T058	C0028900
27439396	485	493	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27439396	497	503	remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	504	514	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27439396	519	528	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27439396	542	552	compliance	T033	C3714738
27439396	556	569	transmissions	T052	C0441655
27439396	581	587	device	T074	C0025080
27439396	588	594	alerts	T169	C3665546
27439396	605	617	intervention	T061	C0184661
27439396	632	644	transmission	T052	C0441655
27439396	648	654	review	T078	C1552617
27439396	656	670	Questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27439396	676	688	administered	T169	C1621583
27439396	692	700	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27439396	705	716	experiences	T041	C0237607
27439396	720	728	patients	T101	C0030705
27439396	730	740	physicians	T097	C0031831
27439396	745	764	medical technicians	T097	C0542397
27439396	780	788	patients	T101	C0030705
27439396	819	839	permanent pacemakers	T074	C0281945
27439396	856	895	implantable cardioverter defibrillators	T074	C0162589
27439396	914	962	cardiac resynchronisation therapy defibrillators	T074	C3874742
27439396	964	971	Overall	T080	C1561607
27439396	980	986	remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	987	1000	transmissions	T052	C0441655
27439396	1001	1010	scheduled	T079	C1571999
27439396	1023	1030	on time	T079	C1254367
27439396	1043	1050	overdue	T079	C1254367
27439396	1083	1091	wireless	T080	C0205556
27439396	1092	1105	transmissions	T052	C0441655
27439396	1111	1118	on time	T079	C1254367
27439396	1141	1153	non-wireless	T080	C0205556
27439396	1154	1167	transmissions	T052	C0441655
27439396	1179	1192	transmissions	T052	C0441655
27439396	1209	1215	alerts	T169	C3665546
27439396	1226	1236	physicians	T097	C0031831
27439396	1242	1250	informed	T080	C1522154
27439396	1265	1273	required	T169	C1514873
27439396	1274	1286	intervention	T061	C0184661
27439396	1297	1303	remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	1304	1317	transmissions	T052	C0441655
27439396	1323	1331	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27439396	1368	1376	patients	T101	C0030705
27439396	1377	1386	preferred	T078	C0558295
27439396	1387	1393	remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	1394	1404	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27439396	1406	1416	Physicians	T097	C0031831
27439396	1429	1435	remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	1436	1449	transmissions	T052	C0441655
27439396	1450	1458	provided	T052	C1999230
27439396	1459	1470	information	T078	C1533716
27439396	1471	1481	equivalent	T080	C0205163
27439396	1485	1501	in-office checks	T058	C0028900
27439396	1530	1549	medical technicians	T097	C0542397
27439396	1560	1566	remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	1567	1577	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27439396	1593	1601	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27439396	1602	1609	improve	T033	C0184511
27439396	1610	1628	patient management	T058	C1610129
27439396	1630	1632	No	T033	C1513916
27439396	1633	1647	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27439396	1653	1661	reported	T058	C0700287
27439396	1663	1669	Remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	1670	1680	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27439396	1684	1688	CIED	T074	C0025080
27439396	1718	1726	possible	T033	C0332149
27439396	1727	1735	benefits	T081	C0814225
27439396	1739	1753	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27439396	1762	1769	earlier	T079	C1279919
27439396	1770	1779	detection	T061	C1511790
27439396	1783	1794	arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
27439396	1798	1816	device malfunction	T037	C1504465
27439396	1837	1849	intervention	T061	C0184661
27439396	1851	1859	Wireless	T080	C0205556
27439396	1860	1866	remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	1867	1877	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27439396	1898	1905	improve	T033	C0184511
27439396	1906	1916	compliance	T033	C3714738
27439396	1920	1937	device monitoring	T074	C0596972
27439396	1939	1947	Patients	T101	C0030705
27439396	1959	1965	remote	T082	C1550013
27439396	1966	1976	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27439396	1984	1992	possible	T033	C0332149
27439396	1993	2005	improvements	T077	C2986411
27439396	2009	2024	quality of life	T078	C0034380

27439518|t|c-Src Suppresses Dendritic Cell Antitumor Activity via T Cell Ig and Mucin Protein-3 Receptor
27439518|a|The enhanced expression of T cell Ig and mucin protein-3 (TIM-3) on tumor - associated dendritic cells (DCs) attenuates antitumor effects of DNA vaccines. To identify a potential target (or targets) for reducing TIM-3 expression on tumor - associated DCs, we explored the molecular mechanisms regulating TIM-3 expression. In this study, we have identified a novel signaling pathway (c-Src → Bruton's tyrosine kinase → transcription factors Ets1, Ets2, USF1, and USF2) necessary for TIM-3 upregulation on DCs. Both IL-10 and TGF-β, which are produced in the tumor microenvironment, upregulated TIM-3 expression on DCs via this pathway. Suppressed expression of c-Src or downstream Bruton's tyrosine kinase, Ets1, Ets2, USF1, or USF2 blocked IL-10- and TGF-β - induced TIM-3 upregulation on DCs. Notably, in vivo knockdown of c-Src in mice reduced TIM-3 expression on tumor - associated DCs. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of c-Src - silenced DCs in mouse tumors enhanced the in vivo antitumor effects of immunostimulatory CpG DNA; however, TIM-3 overexpression in c-Src - silenced DCs blocked this effect. Collectively, our data reveal the molecular mechanism regulating TIM-3 expression in DCs and identify c-Src as a target for improving the efficacy of nucleic acid -mediated anticancer therapy.
27439518	0	5	c-Src	T028	C0079073
27439518	6	16	Suppresses	T169	C1260953
27439518	17	31	Dendritic Cell	T025	C0011306
27439518	32	41	Antitumor	T080	C2986475
27439518	42	50	Activity	T052	C0441655
27439518	55	84	T Cell Ig and Mucin Protein-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	85	93	Receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27439518	107	117	expression	T045	C1171362
27439518	121	150	T cell Ig and mucin protein-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	152	157	TIM-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	162	167	tumor	T191	C0027651
27439518	170	180	associated	T080	C0332281
27439518	181	196	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
27439518	198	201	DCs	T025	C0011306
27439518	203	213	attenuates	T052	C0599946
27439518	214	223	antitumor	T080	C2986475
27439518	224	231	effects	T080	C1280500
27439518	235	247	DNA vaccines	T114,T121,T129	C0376613
27439518	273	279	target	T169	C1521840
27439518	284	291	targets	T169	C1521840
27439518	297	305	reducing	T080	C0392756
27439518	306	311	TIM-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	312	322	expression	T045	C1171362
27439518	326	331	tumor	T191	C0027651
27439518	334	344	associated	T080	C0332281
27439518	345	348	DCs	T025	C0011306
27439518	398	403	TIM-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	404	414	expression	T045	C1171362
27439518	439	449	identified	T080	C0205396
27439518	452	457	novel	T080	C0205314
27439518	458	475	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27439518	477	482	c-Src	T028	C0079073
27439518	485	509	Bruton's tyrosine kinase	T116,T126	C0218158
27439518	512	533	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27439518	534	538	Ets1	T116,T121,T123	C0107719
27439518	540	544	Ets2	T116,T123	C1451748
27439518	546	550	USF1	T116,T123	C1451716
27439518	556	560	USF2	T116,T123	C1447047
27439518	576	581	TIM-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	582	594	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27439518	598	601	DCs	T025	C0011306
27439518	608	613	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27439518	618	623	TGF-β	T116,T129,T192	C0076930
27439518	651	673	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
27439518	675	686	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27439518	687	692	TIM-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	693	703	expression	T045	C1171362
27439518	707	710	DCs	T025	C0011306
27439518	720	727	pathway	T044	C0037080
27439518	729	739	Suppressed	T169	C1260953
27439518	740	750	expression	T045	C1171362
27439518	754	759	c-Src	T028	C0079073
27439518	774	798	Bruton's tyrosine kinase	T116,T126	C0218158
27439518	800	804	Ets1	T116,T121,T123	C0107719
27439518	806	810	Ets2	T116,T123	C1451748
27439518	812	816	USF1	T116,T123	C1451716
27439518	821	825	USF2	T116,T123	C1447047
27439518	826	833	blocked	T169	C0332206
27439518	834	840	IL-10-	T116,T129	C0085295
27439518	845	850	TGF-β	T116,T129,T192	C0076930
27439518	853	860	induced	T169	C0205263
27439518	861	866	TIM-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	867	879	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27439518	883	886	DCs	T025	C0011306
27439518	897	904	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27439518	905	914	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27439518	918	923	c-Src	T028	C0079073
27439518	927	931	mice	T015	C0025929
27439518	932	939	reduced	T080	C0392756
27439518	940	945	TIM-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	946	956	expression	T045	C1171362
27439518	960	965	tumor	T191	C0027651
27439518	968	978	associated	T080	C0332281
27439518	979	982	DCs	T025	C0011306
27439518	997	1014	adoptive transfer	T061	C0376518
27439518	1018	1023	c-Src	T028	C0079073
27439518	1026	1034	silenced	T063	C2350567
27439518	1035	1038	DCs	T025	C0011306
27439518	1042	1047	mouse	T015	C0025929
27439518	1048	1054	tumors	T191	C0027651
27439518	1055	1063	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27439518	1068	1075	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27439518	1076	1085	antitumor	T080	C2986475
27439518	1086	1093	effects	T080	C1280500
27439518	1097	1114	immunostimulatory	T039	C2267003
27439518	1097	1122	immunostimulatory CpG DNA	T116	C0914670
27439518	1133	1138	TIM-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	1139	1153	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27439518	1157	1162	c-Src	T028	C0079073
27439518	1165	1173	silenced	T063	C2350567
27439518	1174	1177	DCs	T025	C0011306
27439518	1178	1185	blocked	T169	C0332206
27439518	1191	1197	effect	T080	C1280500
27439518	1233	1242	molecular	T080	C1521991
27439518	1243	1252	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27439518	1253	1263	regulating	T038	C1327622
27439518	1264	1269	TIM-3	T116,T123	C1120826
27439518	1270	1280	expression	T045	C1171362
27439518	1284	1287	DCs	T025	C0011306
27439518	1301	1306	c-Src	T028	C0079073
27439518	1312	1318	target	T169	C1521840
27439518	1323	1332	improving	T080	C1272745
27439518	1337	1345	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27439518	1349	1361	nucleic acid	T114,T123	C0028606
27439518	1372	1390	anticancer therapy	T061	C0920425

27439969|t|Distal, not proximal, colonic acetate infusions promote fat oxidation and improve metabolic markers in overweight / obese men
27439969|a|Gut microbial -derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are believed to affect host metabolism and cardiometabolic risk factors. The present study aim was to investigate the effects of proximal and distal colonic infusions with the SCFA acetate on fat oxidation and other metabolic parameters in men. In this randomized, double-blind crossover trial, six overweight / obese men [body mass index (BMI) 25-35 kg/m(2)] underwent two experimental periods: one with distal and one with proximal colonic sodium acetate infusions. A feeding catheter was endoscopically positioned at the beginning of each period and remained in the colon for three consecutive test days, enabling colonic acetate (100 or 180 mmol/l) or placebo infusion during fasting conditions and after an oral glucose load (postprandial). Fat oxidation and energy expenditure were measured using an open-circuit ventilated hood system and blood samples were repeatedly collected for 2 h during fasting and postprandial conditions. Distal colonic 180 mmol/l acetate infusions increased fasting fat oxidation (1.78±0.28 compared with -0.78±0.89 g fat 2 h(-1), P=0.015), fasting peptide YY (PYY, P=0.01) and postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations (P<0.05), and tended to increase fasting plasma acetate (P=0.069) compared with placebo. Distal 100 mmol/l acetate administration tended to decrease fasting tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; P=0.067) compared with placebo. In contrast, proximal colonic acetate infusions showed no effects on substrate metabolism, circulating hormones or inflammatory markers. In conclusion distal colonic acetate infusions affected whole-body substrate metabolism, with a pronounced increase in fasting fat oxidation and plasma PYY. Modulating colonic acetate may be a nutritional target to treat or prevent metabolic disorders.
27439969	0	6	Distal	T082	C0205108
27439969	12	20	proximal	T082	C0205107
27439969	22	29	colonic	T023	C0009368
27439969	30	47	acetate infusions	T061	C0574032
27439969	48	55	promote	T052	C0033414
27439969	56	69	fat oxidation	T070	C1254365
27439969	74	81	improve	T033	C0184511
27439969	82	99	metabolic markers	T130	C0578570
27439969	103	113	overweight	T184	C0497406
27439969	116	121	obese	T047	C0028754
27439969	122	125	men	T098	C0025266
27439969	126	139	Gut microbial	T001	C4018878
27439969	149	172	short-chain fatty acids	T109,T123	C0015691
27439969	174	178	SCFA	T109,T123	C0015691
27439969	203	207	host	T001	C1167395
27439969	208	218	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27439969	223	251	cardiometabolic risk factors	T033	C0035648
27439969	282	293	investigate	T169	C1292732
27439969	298	305	effects	T080	C1280500
27439969	309	317	proximal	T082	C0205107
27439969	322	328	distal	T082	C0205108
27439969	329	336	colonic	T023	C0009368
27439969	337	346	infusions	T061	C0574032
27439969	356	368	SCFA acetate	T109,T123	C0015691
27439969	372	385	fat oxidation	T070	C1254365
27439969	396	405	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27439969	406	416	parameters	T077	C0549193
27439969	420	423	men	T098	C0025266
27439969	433	443	randomized	T062	C0034656
27439969	445	457	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27439969	458	473	crossover trial	T062	C0150097
27439969	479	489	overweight	T184	C0497406
27439969	492	497	obese	T047	C0028754
27439969	498	501	men	T098	C0025266
27439969	503	518	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27439969	520	523	BMI	T201	C1305855
27439969	554	566	experimental	T080	C1517586
27439969	567	574	periods	T079	C1948053
27439969	585	591	distal	T082	C0205108
27439969	605	613	proximal	T082	C0205107
27439969	614	621	colonic	T023	C0009368
27439969	622	646	sodium acetate infusions	T061	C2034525
27439969	650	666	feeding catheter	T074	C2945625
27439969	671	685	endoscopically	T082	C0442418
27439969	686	696	positioned	T082	C0733755
27439969	704	713	beginning	T079	C0439659
27439969	722	728	period	T079	C1948053
27439969	749	754	colon	T023	C0009368
27439969	782	786	days	T079	C0439228
27439969	797	804	colonic	T023	C0009368
27439969	805	812	acetate	T061	C0574032
27439969	836	843	placebo	T122	C1696465
27439969	844	852	infusion	T061	C0574032
27439969	860	867	fasting	T033	C0015663
27439969	868	878	conditions	T080	C0348080
27439969	892	909	oral glucose load	T109,T121,T123	C1955477
27439969	911	923	postprandial	T079	C0376674
27439969	944	962	energy expenditure	T039	C0014272
27439969	968	976	measured	T080	C0444706
27439969	986	1021	open-circuit ventilated hood system	T074	C0025080
27439969	1026	1039	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27439969	1056	1065	collected	T078	C1516695
27439969	1081	1088	fasting	T033	C0015663
27439969	1093	1105	postprandial	T079	C0376674
27439969	1106	1116	conditions	T080	C0348080
27439969	1118	1124	Distal	T082	C0205108
27439969	1125	1132	colonic	T023	C0009368
27439969	1144	1161	acetate infusions	T061	C0574032
27439969	1172	1179	fasting	T033	C0015663
27439969	1180	1193	fat oxidation	T070	C1254365
27439969	1255	1262	fasting	T033	C0015663
27439969	1263	1273	peptide YY	T116,T125	C0070358
27439969	1275	1278	PYY	T116,T125	C0070358
27439969	1292	1304	postprandial	T079	C0376674
27439969	1305	1312	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27439969	1317	1324	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27439969	1325	1339	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27439969	1364	1372	increase	T169	C0442805
27439969	1373	1380	fasting	T033	C0015663
27439969	1381	1387	plasma	T031	C0032105
27439969	1388	1395	acetate	T109,T121	C0000975
27439969	1406	1414	compared	T052	C1707455
27439969	1420	1427	placebo	T122	C1696465
27439969	1429	1435	Distal	T082	C0205108
27439969	1447	1469	acetate administration	T061	C0574032
27439969	1480	1488	decrease	T081	C0547047
27439969	1489	1496	fasting	T033	C0015663
27439969	1497	1521	tumour necrosis factor-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27439969	1523	1528	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27439969	1553	1560	placebo	T122	C1696465
27439969	1575	1583	proximal	T082	C0205107
27439969	1584	1591	colonic	T023	C0009368
27439969	1592	1609	acetate infusions	T061	C0574032
27439969	1620	1627	effects	T080	C1280500
27439969	1631	1640	substrate	T167	C3891814
27439969	1641	1651	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27439969	1653	1664	circulating	T169	C0175630
27439969	1665	1673	hormones	T125	C0019932
27439969	1677	1689	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27439969	1690	1697	markers	T201	C0005516
27439969	1713	1719	distal	T082	C0205108
27439969	1720	1727	colonic	T023	C0009368
27439969	1728	1745	acetate infusions	T061	C0574032
27439969	1755	1765	whole-body	T017	C0444584
27439969	1766	1775	substrate	T167	C3891814
27439969	1776	1786	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27439969	1806	1814	increase	T169	C0442805
27439969	1818	1825	fasting	T033	C0015663
27439969	1826	1839	fat oxidation	T070	C1254365
27439969	1844	1850	plasma	T031	C0032105
27439969	1851	1854	PYY	T116,T125	C0070358
27439969	1856	1866	Modulating	T082	C0443264
27439969	1867	1874	colonic	T023	C0009368
27439969	1875	1882	acetate	T109,T121	C0000975
27439969	1892	1903	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27439969	1904	1910	target	T169	C1521840
27439969	1914	1919	treat	T061	C0087111
27439969	1931	1950	metabolic disorders	T047	C0025517

27440255|t|Form and function in gene regulatory networks: the structure of network motifs determines fundamental properties of their dynamical state space
27440255|a|Network motifs have been studied extensively over the past decade, and certain motifs, such as the feed-forward loop, play an important role in regulatory networks. Recent studies have used Boolean network motifs to explore the link between form and function in gene regulatory networks and have found that the structure of a motif does not strongly determine its function, if this is defined in terms of the gene expression patterns the motif can produce. Here, we offer a different, higher - level definition of the ' function ' of a motif, in terms of two fundamental properties of its dynamical state space as a Boolean network. One is the basin entropy, which is a complexity measure of the dynamics of Boolean networks. The other is the diversity of cyclic attractor lengths that a given motif can produce. Using these two measures, we examine all 104 topologically distinct three-node motifs and show that the structural properties of a motif, such as the presence of feedback loops and feed-forward loops, predict fundamental characteristics of its dynamical state space, which in turn determine aspects of its functional versatility. We also show that these higher - level properties have a direct bearing on real regulatory networks, as both basin entropy and cycle length diversity show a close correspondence with the prevalence, in neural and genetic regulatory networks, of the 13 connected motifs without self-interactions that have been studied extensively in the literature.
27440255	0	4	Form	T080	C0348078
27440255	9	17	function	T169	C0542341
27440255	21	45	gene regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
27440255	51	60	structure	T082	C0678594
27440255	64	78	network motifs	T080	C0205556
27440255	90	112	fundamental properties	T080	C0871161
27440255	122	143	dynamical state space	T082	C1254362
27440255	144	158	Network motifs	T080	C0205556
27440255	223	229	motifs	T080	C0205556
27440255	243	260	feed-forward loop	T080	C0205556
27440255	288	307	regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
27440255	309	315	Recent	T079	C0332185
27440255	316	323	studies	T062	C2603343
27440255	334	341	Boolean	T170	C1552663
27440255	342	349	network	T169	C1882071
27440255	350	356	motifs	T080	C0205556
27440255	385	389	form	T080	C0348078
27440255	394	402	function	T169	C0542341
27440255	406	430	gene regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
27440255	455	464	structure	T082	C0678594
27440255	470	475	motif	T080	C0205556
27440255	508	516	function	T169	C0542341
27440255	553	568	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27440255	569	577	patterns	T082	C0449774
27440255	582	587	motif	T080	C0205556
27440255	629	635	higher	T080	C0205250
27440255	638	643	level	T080	C0441889
27440255	644	654	definition	T170	C1704788
27440255	664	672	function	T169	C0542341
27440255	680	685	motif	T080	C0205556
27440255	703	725	fundamental properties	T080	C0871161
27440255	733	754	dynamical state space	T082	C1254362
27440255	760	767	Boolean	T170	C1552663
27440255	768	775	network	T169	C1882071
27440255	788	801	basin entropy	T081	C4068571
27440255	814	824	complexity	T169	C0237523
27440255	825	832	measure	T081	C0079809
27440255	840	848	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27440255	852	859	Boolean	T170	C1552663
27440255	860	868	networks	T169	C1882071
27440255	887	896	diversity	T080	C1880371
27440255	900	924	cyclic attractor lengths	T081	C1444754
27440255	938	943	motif	T080	C0205556
27440255	973	981	measures	T081	C0079809
27440255	1025	1035	three-node	T077	C2697524
27440255	1036	1042	motifs	T080	C0205556
27440255	1061	1071	structural	T082	C0678594
27440255	1072	1082	properties	T080	C0871161
27440255	1088	1093	motif	T080	C0205556
27440255	1119	1133	feedback loops	T080	C0205556
27440255	1138	1156	feed-forward loops	T080	C0205556
27440255	1166	1193	fundamental characteristics	T080	C1521970
27440255	1201	1222	dynamical state space	T082	C1254362
27440255	1263	1285	functional versatility	T169	C0205245
27440255	1311	1317	higher	T080	C0205250
27440255	1320	1325	level	T080	C0441889
27440255	1326	1336	properties	T080	C0871161
27440255	1367	1386	regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
27440255	1396	1409	basin entropy	T081	C4068571
27440255	1414	1426	cycle length	T081	C1444754
27440255	1427	1436	diversity	T080	C1880371
27440255	1474	1484	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27440255	1489	1495	neural	T040	C0598941
27440255	1500	1527	genetic regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
27440255	1549	1555	motifs	T080	C0205556
27440255	1564	1581	self-interactions	T169	C1704675
27440255	1624	1634	literature	T170	C0023866

27440478|t|Multiplexing Fluorescence Anisotropy Using Frequency Encoding
27440478|a|In this report, a method to multiplex fluorescence anisotropy measurements is described using frequency encoding. As a demonstration of the method, simultaneous competitive immunoassays for insulin and glucagon were performed by measuring the ratio of bound and free Cy5-insulin and FITC-glucagon in the presence of their respective antibodies. A vertically polarized 635 nm laser was pulsed at 73 Hz and used to excite Cy5-insulin, while a vertically polarized 488 nm laser pulsed at 137 Hz excited FITC-glucagon. The total emission was split into parallel and perpendicular polarizations and collected onto separate photomultiplier tubes. The signals from each channel were demodulated using a fast Fourier transform, resolving the contributions from each fluorophore. Anisotropy calculations were carried out using the magnitude of the peaks in the frequency domain. The method produced the expected shape of the calibration curves with limits of detection of 0.6 and 5 nM for insulin and glucagon, respectively. This methodology could readily be expanded to other biological systems and further multiplexed to monitor increased numbers of analytes.
27440478	0	36	Multiplexing Fluorescence Anisotropy	T070	C0085813
27440478	37	42	Using	T169	C1524063
27440478	43	61	Frequency Encoding	T059	C0022885
27440478	90	123	multiplex fluorescence anisotropy	T070	C0085813
27440478	124	136	measurements	T169	C0242485
27440478	140	149	described	T078	C1552738
27440478	156	174	frequency encoding	T059	C0022885
27440478	210	222	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27440478	235	247	immunoassays	T059	C0020980
27440478	252	259	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27440478	264	272	glucagon	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
27440478	278	287	performed	T169	C0884358
27440478	291	300	measuring	T169	C0242485
27440478	305	310	ratio	T081	C0456603
27440478	314	319	bound	T116,T121,T125	C1317461
27440478	324	340	free Cy5-insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0487017
27440478	345	358	FITC-glucagon	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
27440478	395	405	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27440478	409	442	vertically polarized 635 nm laser	T068	C0599025
27440478	447	453	pulsed	T067	C1947910
27440478	467	471	used	T169	C1524063
27440478	482	493	Cy5-insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27440478	503	536	vertically polarized 488 nm laser	T068	C0599025
27440478	537	543	pulsed	T067	C1947910
27440478	562	575	FITC-glucagon	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
27440478	581	586	total	T080	C0439810
27440478	587	595	emission	T070	C0596835
27440478	600	605	split	T169	C1534709
27440478	611	619	parallel	T077	C1254372
27440478	624	637	perpendicular	T077	C3272860
27440478	638	651	polarizations	T059	C0016316
27440478	656	665	collected	T169	C1516698
27440478	671	679	separate	T080	C0443299
27440478	680	701	photomultiplier tubes	T073	C1709530
27440478	707	714	signals	T067	C1710082
27440478	725	732	channel	T082	C0439799
27440478	750	755	using	T169	C1524063
27440478	758	780	fast Fourier transform	T170	C0002045
27440478	796	809	contributions	T052	C1880177
27440478	815	819	each	T081	C1457900
27440478	820	831	fluorophore	T121,T130	C0598447
27440478	833	843	Anisotropy	T070	C0085406
27440478	844	856	calculations	T059	C0201805
27440478	862	869	carried	T052	C0206243
27440478	874	879	using	T169	C1524063
27440478	884	893	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27440478	914	923	frequency	T081	C0871396
27440478	924	930	domain	T082	C0205147
27440478	956	964	expected	T170	C1517001
27440478	965	970	shape	T082	C0332479
27440478	978	989	calibration	T081	C0006751
27440478	990	996	curves	T082	C0205134
27440478	1012	1021	detection	T033	C0442726
27440478	1042	1049	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27440478	1054	1062	glucagon	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
27440478	1083	1094	methodology	T078	C3266812
27440478	1112	1120	expanded	T082	C0205229
27440478	1124	1129	other	T080	C0205394
27440478	1130	1148	biological systems	T022	C0460002
27440478	1153	1160	further	T082	C1517331
27440478	1161	1172	multiplexed	T080	C0205556
27440478	1184	1193	increased	T081	C0205217
27440478	1194	1201	numbers	T081	C0237753
27440478	1205	1213	analytes	T167	C0443354

27440725|t|Jak1 - STAT3 Signals Are Essential Effectors of the USP6 / TRE17 Oncogene in Tumorigenesis
27440725|a|Bone and soft tissue tumors (BSTT) are relatively poorly understood, hampering the development of effective therapies. Here we report a role for the ubiquitin-specific protease 6 (USP6)/ TRE17 oncogene, which is overexpressed upon chromosome translocation in various human tumors, including aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC), and the related benign lesion nodular fasciitis. Ectopic expression of USP6 is known to drive formation of tumors, which recapitulate key features of ABC and nodular fasciitis; however, the identity of USP6's relevant substrates has been obscure. Here we report that the Jak1 - STAT3 signaling pathway serves as an essential effector of USP6 in BSTT formation. We found that USP6 directly deubiquitinated Jak1, leading to its stabilization and activation of STAT3. The tumorigenic potential of USP6 was attenuated significantly by CRISPR -mediated deletion of Jak1 or STAT3, or by administration of a Jak family inhibitor. Analysis of primary clinical samples of nodular fasciitis confirmed the activation of a Jak1 - STAT3 gene signature in vivo Together, our studies highlight Jak1 as the first identified substrate for USP6, and they offer a mechanistic rationale for the clinical investigation of Jak and STAT3 inhibitors as therapeutics for the treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors along with other neoplasms driven by USP6 overexpression. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5337-47. ©2016 AACR.
27440725	0	4	Jak1	T116,T126	C0169658
27440725	7	12	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27440725	13	20	Signals	T043	C0037083
27440725	25	34	Essential	T080	C0205224
27440725	35	44	Effectors	T116,T123	C0599560
27440725	52	56	USP6	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	59	73	TRE17 Oncogene	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	77	90	Tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27440725	91	95	Bone	T191	C0005967
27440725	100	118	soft tissue tumors	T191	C0037579
27440725	120	124	BSTT	T191	C0027651
27440725	174	185	development	T169	C1527148
27440725	189	198	effective	T080	C1704419
27440725	199	208	therapies	T061	C0087111
27440725	218	224	report	T170	C0684224
27440725	240	269	ubiquitin-specific protease 6	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	271	275	USP6	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	278	292	TRE17 oncogene	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	303	316	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
27440725	322	346	chromosome translocation	T049	C0040715
27440725	358	363	human	T016	C0086418
27440725	364	370	tumors	T191	C0027651
27440725	382	402	aneurysmal bone cyst	T047	C0152244
27440725	404	407	ABC	T047	C0152244
27440725	426	432	benign	T080	C0205183
27440725	433	439	lesion	T033	C0221198
27440725	440	457	nodular fasciitis	T047	C0410005
27440725	459	477	Ectopic expression	T045	C1512167
27440725	481	485	USP6	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	504	513	formation	T169	C1522492
27440725	517	523	tumors	T191	C0027651
27440725	544	556	key features	T080	C2348519
27440725	560	563	ABC	T047	C0152244
27440725	568	585	nodular fasciitis	T047	C0410005
27440725	600	608	identity	T078	C0017390
27440725	612	618	USP6's	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	628	638	substrates	T120	C0178623
27440725	665	671	report	T170	C0684224
27440725	681	685	Jak1	T116,T126	C0169658
27440725	688	693	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27440725	694	711	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27440725	725	734	essential	T080	C0205224
27440725	735	743	effector	T116,T123	C0599560
27440725	747	751	USP6	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	755	759	BSTT	T191	C0027651
27440725	760	769	formation	T169	C1522492
27440725	785	789	USP6	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	799	814	deubiquitinated	T044	C1157996
27440725	815	819	Jak1	T116,T126	C0169658
27440725	821	828	leading	T169	C1522538
27440725	836	849	stabilization	T033	C0184512
27440725	854	864	activation	T045	C0599177
27440725	868	873	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27440725	879	890	tumorigenic	T191	C0007621
27440725	891	900	potential	T080	C3245505
27440725	904	908	USP6	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	913	940	attenuated significantly by	T080	C0332161
27440725	941	947	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
27440725	958	966	deletion	T045	C0017260
27440725	970	974	Jak1	T028	C1334290
27440725	978	983	STAT3	T028	C1367307
27440725	991	1005	administration	T169	C1621583
27440725	1011	1021	Jak family	T116,T126	C0597721
27440725	1022	1031	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27440725	1033	1041	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27440725	1045	1069	primary clinical samples	T077	C2347026
27440725	1073	1090	nodular fasciitis	T047	C0410005
27440725	1091	1100	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27440725	1105	1115	activation	T045	C0599177
27440725	1121	1125	Jak1	T116,T126	C0169658
27440725	1128	1133	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27440725	1134	1148	gene signature	T169	C1708225
27440725	1149	1156	in vivo	T062	C0681829
27440725	1171	1178	studies	T059	C0947630
27440725	1189	1193	Jak1	T116,T126	C0169658
27440725	1218	1227	substrate	T120	C0178623
27440725	1232	1236	USP6	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	1255	1276	mechanistic rationale	T078	C2699007
27440725	1285	1307	clinical investigation	T058	C1261322
27440725	1311	1314	Jak	T116,T126	C0597721
27440725	1319	1324	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27440725	1325	1335	inhibitors	T080	C1999216
27440725	1339	1351	therapeutics	T169	C0302350
27440725	1360	1369	treatment	T061	C0087111
27440725	1373	1377	bone	T191	C0005967
27440725	1382	1400	soft tissue tumors	T191	C0037579
27440725	1418	1427	neoplasms	T191	C0027651
27440725	1438	1442	USP6	T116,T126	C1175888
27440725	1443	1457	overexpression	T045	C1514559

27440782|t|Measure Up Pressure Down: Provider Toolkit to Improve Hypertension Control
27440782|a|Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, and diabetes complications. Nearly one in three Americans adults has high blood pressure, and the cost associated with treating this condition is staggering. The Measure Up Pressure Down: Provider Toolkit to Improve Hypertension Control is a resource developed by the American Medical Group Foundation in partnership with the American Medical Group Association. The goal of this toolkit is to mobilize health care practitioners to work together through team -based approaches to achieve an 80% control rate of high blood pressure among their patient population. The toolkit can be used by health educators, clinic administrators, physicians, students, and other clinic staff as a step-by-step resource for developing the infrastructure needed to better identify and treat individuals with high blood pressure or other chronic conditions.
27440782	0	42	Measure Up Pressure Down: Provider Toolkit	T058	C0205787
27440782	46	53	Improve	T077	C2986411
27440782	54	66	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27440782	67	74	Control	T040	C1753303
27440782	75	87	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27440782	117	129	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27440782	134	147	heart disease	T047	C0018799
27440782	149	155	stroke	T047	C0038454
27440782	157	171	kidney failure	T047	C0035078
27440782	177	199	diabetes complications	T047	C0342257
27440782	221	230	Americans	T098	C0596070
27440782	231	237	adults	T100	C0001675
27440782	242	261	high blood pressure	T047	C0020538
27440782	271	275	cost	T081	C0087112
27440782	276	291	associated with	T080	C0332281
27440782	292	300	treating	T061	C0087111
27440782	306	315	condition	T047	C0020538
27440782	335	377	Measure Up Pressure Down: Provider Toolkit	T058	C0205787
27440782	381	388	Improve	T077	C2986411
27440782	389	401	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27440782	402	409	Control	T040	C1753303
27440782	415	423	resource	T078	C0018741
27440782	424	433	developed	T169	C1527148
27440782	441	474	American Medical Group Foundation	T093	C1708333
27440782	478	489	partnership	T092	C1711206
27440782	499	533	American Medical Group Association	T093	C1708333
27440782	539	543	goal	T170	C0018017
27440782	552	559	toolkit	T170	C1301746
27440782	575	600	health care practitioners	T097	C1709627
27440782	604	608	work	T057	C0043227
27440782	609	617	together	T080	C1883357
27440782	626	630	team	T096	C0871489
27440782	667	674	control	T040	C1753303
27440782	675	679	rate	T081	C1521828
27440782	683	702	high blood pressure	T047	C0020538
27440782	715	733	patient population	T101	C0030705
27440782	739	746	toolkit	T170	C1301746
27440782	762	778	health educators	T097	C1136362
27440782	780	801	clinic administrators	T097	C0019949
27440782	803	813	physicians	T097	C0031831
27440782	815	823	students	T098	C0038492
27440782	835	847	clinic staff	T097	C0851286
27440782	866	874	resource	T078	C0018741
27440782	879	889	developing	T169	C1527148
27440782	894	908	infrastructure	T062	C1512763
27440782	939	944	treat	T061	C0087111
27440782	945	956	individuals	T098	C0027361
27440782	962	981	high blood pressure	T047	C0020538
27440782	991	1010	chronic conditions.	T047	C0008679

27441491|t|Foreign-body ingestion in Egyptian children: a 10- year experience of endoscopic intervention in a tertiary hospital
27441491|a|There was a lack of data about foreign body (FB) ingestion among Middle-East children. We conducted a retrospective analysis of FB ingestion among Egyptian children and determined the predictors that affect the occurrence of complications. This retrospective study was carried out on 1546 patients ' ≤ 13 years old, presented with FB ingestion and were in need of endoscopic removal of FB. There were 711 males (46%) and 835 females (54%) (mean age 4.56 ±2.26 years). Symptoms were present in 1414 patients (91.5%) while complications were present in 137 patients (8.9%). There was a significant difference between complicated and non-complicated cases as regard higher age group, duration of impaction, site of impaction and type of FB (p= 0.001, 0.001, 0.001 and <0.001, respectively). The highest rate of complications was observed in FB impacted in duodenum and those without symptoms while symptomatic cases and impaction in upper esophagus were associated with higher success rate of removal.
27441491	0	12	Foreign-body	T037	C0016542
27441491	13	22	ingestion	T038	C0232478
27441491	26	34	Egyptian	T098	C0337801
27441491	35	43	children	T100	C0008059
27441491	51	55	year	T079	C0439234
27441491	56	66	experience	T041	C0596545
27441491	70	80	endoscopic	T060	C0014245
27441491	81	93	intervention	T061	C0184661
27441491	99	116	tertiary hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
27441491	129	133	lack	T080	C0332268
27441491	137	141	data	T078	C1511726
27441491	148	160	foreign body	T037	C0016542
27441491	162	164	FB	T037	C0016542
27441491	166	175	ingestion	T038	C0232478
27441491	182	193	Middle-East	T083	C0026068
27441491	194	202	children	T100	C0008059
27441491	219	232	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27441491	233	241	analysis	T062	C0936012
27441491	245	247	FB	T037	C0016542
27441491	248	257	ingestion	T038	C0232478
27441491	264	272	Egyptian	T098	C0337801
27441491	273	281	children	T100	C0008059
27441491	301	311	predictors	T078	C2698872
27441491	342	355	complications	T046	C0009566
27441491	362	375	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27441491	376	381	study	T062	C2603343
27441491	406	414	patients	T101	C0030705
27441491	422	427	years	T079	C0439234
27441491	448	450	FB	T037	C0016542
27441491	451	460	ingestion	T038	C0232478
27441491	481	491	endoscopic	T060	C0014245
27441491	492	499	removal	T061	C0015252
27441491	503	505	FB	T037	C0016542
27441491	522	527	males	T032	C0086582
27441491	542	549	females	T032	C0086287
27441491	562	565	age	T032	C0001779
27441491	577	582	years	T079	C0439234
27441491	585	593	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
27441491	599	606	present	T033	C0150312
27441491	615	623	patients	T101	C0030705
27441491	638	651	complications	T046	C0009566
27441491	657	664	present	T033	C0150312
27441491	672	680	patients	T101	C0030705
27441491	732	743	complicated	T169	C0231242
27441491	748	769	non-complicated cases	T169	C0868928
27441491	787	796	age group	T100	C0027362
27441491	798	806	duration	T079	C0449238
27441491	810	819	impaction	T046	C0333124
27441491	821	825	site	T082	C0205145
27441491	829	838	impaction	T046	C0333124
27441491	843	847	type	T080	C0332307
27441491	851	853	FB	T037	C0016542
27441491	917	921	rate	T081	C1521828
27441491	925	938	complications	T046	C0009566
27441491	955	957	FB	T037	C0016542
27441491	958	966	impacted	T169	C0333125
27441491	970	978	duodenum	T023	C0013303
27441491	997	1005	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27441491	1012	1023	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27441491	1024	1029	cases	T169	C0868928
27441491	1034	1043	impaction	T046	C0333124
27441491	1047	1062	upper esophagus	T023	C0014876
27441491	1099	1103	rate	T081	C1521828
27441491	1107	1114	removal	T052	C1883720

27441507|t|The Evidence Behind Integrating Palliative Care Into Oncology Practice
27441507|a|Palliative care services provided alongside traditional oncology care have been shown to be beneficial to patients and families. This article provides a brief history of palliative care, a pathway to implementing these services into currently established oncology programs, and a brief discussion of common barriers.
27441507	4	12	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27441507	20	31	Integrating	T052	C1881786
27441507	32	47	Palliative Care	T091	C0030231
27441507	53	61	Oncology	T191	C0027651
27441507	62	70	Practice	T057	C0033284
27441507	71	95	Palliative care services	T093	C0587605
27441507	96	104	provided	T052	C1999230
27441507	115	126	traditional	T169	C0443324
27441507	127	140	oncology care	T058	C3244201
27441507	163	173	beneficial	T080	C0205556
27441507	177	185	patients	T101	C0030705
27441507	190	198	families	T099	C0015576
27441507	205	212	article	T170	C1706852
27441507	224	229	brief	T079	C1879313
27441507	230	237	history	T090	C0019664
27441507	241	256	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27441507	271	283	implementing	T052	C1705848
27441507	290	298	services	T057	C0557854
27441507	304	313	currently	T079	C0521116
27441507	314	325	established	T080	C0443211
27441507	326	343	oncology programs	T058	C1516732
27441507	357	367	discussion	T054	C2584313
27441507	371	386	common barriers	T080	C4045969

27441638|t|Potentiation of LPS - Induced Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells by Aspirin via ROS and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Protection by N-Acetyl Cysteine
27441638|a|Cytotoxicity and inflammation - associated toxic responses have been observed to be induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in vitro and in vivo respectively. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin, has been reported to be beneficial in inflammation - associated diseases like cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Their precise molecular mechanisms, however, are not clearly understood. Our previous studies on aspirin treated HepG2 cells strongly suggest cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. In the present study, we have further demonstrated that HepG2 cells treated with LPS alone or in combination with aspirin induces subcellular toxic responses which are accompanied by increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and apoptosis. The LPS / Aspirin induced toxicity was attenuated by pre-treatment of cells with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC). Alterations in oxidative stress and glutathione - dependent redox-homeostasis were more pronounced in mitochondria compared to extra - mitochondrial cellular compartments. Pre-treatment of HepG2 cells with NAC exhibited a selective protection in redox homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Our results suggest that the altered redox metabolism, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in HepG2 cells play a critical role in LPS / aspirin - induced cytotoxicity. These results may help in better understanding the pharmacological, toxicological and therapeutic properties of NSAIDs in cancer cells exposed to bacterial endotoxins.
27441638	0	12	Potentiation	T061	C0279023
27441638	16	19	LPS	T109	C0023810
27441638	22	29	Induced	T046	C0007994
27441638	30	50	Apoptotic Cell Death	T043	C0162638
27441638	54	80	Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells	T025	C2717940
27441638	84	91	Aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27441638	96	99	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27441638	104	129	Mitochondrial Dysfunction	T033	C4021734
27441638	131	141	Protection	T033	C1545588
27441638	145	162	N-Acetyl Cysteine	T116,T121	C0001047
27441638	163	175	Cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27441638	180	192	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27441638	195	205	associated	T046	C0243082
27441638	206	211	toxic	T080	C1407029
27441638	212	221	responses	T032	C0871261
27441638	232	240	observed	T169	C1441672
27441638	247	254	induced	T169	C0205263
27441638	258	267	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27441638	268	287	lipopolysaccharides	T109	C0023810
27441638	289	292	LPS	T109	C0023810
27441638	294	302	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27441638	307	314	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27441638	336	372	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	T121	C0003211
27441638	374	380	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27441638	391	398	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27441638	409	417	reported	T058	C0700287
27441638	438	450	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27441638	453	472	associated diseases	T046	C0243083
27441638	478	484	cancer	T191	C0006826
27441638	486	494	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27441638	499	523	cardiovascular disorders	T047	C0007222
27441638	539	548	molecular	T080	C1521991
27441638	549	559	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27441638	611	618	studies	T062	C0008972
27441638	622	629	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27441638	630	637	treated	T061	C0332293
27441638	638	649	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27441638	667	684	cell cycle arrest	T043	C1155873
27441638	689	698	induction	T169	C0205263
27441638	702	711	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27441638	712	727	associated with	T080	C0332281
27441638	728	753	mitochondrial dysfunction	T033	C4021734
27441638	770	775	study	T062	C0008972
27441638	811	822	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27441638	823	835	treated with	T061	C0332293
27441638	836	839	LPS	T109	C0023810
27441638	852	863	combination	T080	C0205195
27441638	869	876	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27441638	877	884	induces	T169	C0205263
27441638	885	896	subcellular	T026	C0729605
27441638	897	912	toxic responses	T043	C3549372
27441638	938	946	increase	T169	C0442805
27441638	950	973	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27441638	975	978	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27441638	992	1008	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27441638	1010	1047	mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction	T033	C4021734
27441638	1052	1061	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27441638	1067	1070	LPS	T109	C0023810
27441638	1073	1080	Aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27441638	1081	1088	induced	T169	C0205263
27441638	1089	1097	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27441638	1102	1112	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27441638	1116	1129	pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
27441638	1133	1138	cells	T025	C0007634
27441638	1144	1161	N-acetyl cysteine	T116,T121	C0001047
27441638	1163	1166	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
27441638	1184	1200	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27441638	1205	1216	glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27441638	1219	1228	dependent	T080	C0851827
27441638	1229	1246	redox-homeostasis	T043	C1156287
27441638	1271	1283	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27441638	1284	1292	compared	T052	C1707455
27441638	1296	1301	extra	T082	C1254362
27441638	1304	1317	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27441638	1318	1339	cellular compartments	T026	C1166607
27441638	1341	1354	Pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
27441638	1358	1369	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27441638	1375	1378	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
27441638	1401	1411	protection	T033	C1545588
27441638	1415	1432	redox homeostasis	T043	C1156287
27441638	1437	1462	mitochondrial dysfunction	T033	C4021734
27441638	1468	1475	results	T033	C0683954
27441638	1493	1500	altered	T169	C0392747
27441638	1501	1517	redox metabolism	T043	C1156287
27441638	1519	1535	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27441638	1540	1553	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27441638	1554	1562	function	T169	C0542341
27441638	1566	1577	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27441638	1602	1605	LPS	T109	C0023810
27441638	1608	1615	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27441638	1618	1625	induced	T169	C0205263
27441638	1626	1638	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27441638	1646	1653	results	T033	C0683954
27441638	1691	1706	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27441638	1708	1721	toxicological	T169	C0205472
27441638	1726	1748	therapeutic properties	T169	C0039798
27441638	1752	1758	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27441638	1762	1774	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27441638	1775	1782	exposed	T080	C0332157
27441638	1786	1806	bacterial endotoxins	T109,T131	C0014264

27441911|t|Learning in Complex Environments: The Effects of Background Speech on Early Word Learning
27441911|a|Although most studies of language learning take place in quiet laboratory settings, everyday language learning occurs under noisy conditions. The current research investigated the effects of background speech on word learning. Both younger (22- to 24-month-olds; n = 40) and older (28- to 30-month-olds; n = 40) toddlers successfully learned novel label - object pairings when target speech was 10 dB louder than background speech but not when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was 5 dB. Toddlers (28- to 30-month-olds; n = 26) successfully learned novel words with a 5-dB SNR when they initially heard the labels embedded in fluent speech without background noise, before they were mapped to objects. The results point to both challenges and protective factors that may impact language learning in complex auditory environments.
27441911	0	8	Learning	T041	C0023185
27441911	12	19	Complex	T080	C0439855
27441911	20	32	Environments	T082	C0014406
27441911	38	45	Effects	T080	C1280500
27441911	49	59	Background	T077	C1706907
27441911	60	66	Speech	T040	C0037817
27441911	70	75	Early	T079	C1279919
27441911	76	89	Word Learning	T041	C0023185
27441911	104	111	studies	T062	C2603343
27441911	115	123	language	T171	C0023008
27441911	124	132	learning	T041	C0023185
27441911	147	152	quiet	T080	C0439654
27441911	153	163	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27441911	174	182	everyday	T079	C0332173
27441911	183	191	language	T171	C0023008
27441911	192	200	learning	T041	C0023185
27441911	201	207	occurs	T052	C1709305
27441911	214	219	noisy	T067	C0028263
27441911	220	230	conditions	T080	C0348080
27441911	236	243	current	T079	C0521116
27441911	244	252	research	T062	C0035168
27441911	253	265	investigated	T169	C1292732
27441911	270	277	effects	T080	C1280500
27441911	281	291	background	T077	C1706907
27441911	292	298	speech	T040	C0037817
27441911	302	315	word learning	T041	C0023185
27441911	322	329	younger	T079	C0332239
27441911	402	410	toddlers	T100	C0682053
27441911	411	423	successfully	T080	C1272703
27441911	424	431	learned	T041	C0023185
27441911	432	437	novel	T080	C0205314
27441911	438	443	label	T170	C0027365
27441911	446	452	object	T072	C0347997
27441911	453	461	pairings	T080	C1709450
27441911	467	473	target	T169	C1521840
27441911	474	480	speech	T040	C0037817
27441911	491	497	louder	T080	C0178733
27441911	503	513	background	T077	C1706907
27441911	514	520	speech	T040	C0037817
27441911	538	559	signal-to-noise ratio	T081	C2986823
27441911	561	564	SNR	T081	C2986823
27441911	576	584	Toddlers	T100	C0682053
27441911	616	628	successfully	T080	C1272703
27441911	629	636	learned	T041	C0023185
27441911	637	642	novel	T080	C0205314
27441911	643	648	words	T078	C1705313
27441911	661	664	SNR	T081	C2986823
27441911	675	684	initially	T079	C0205265
27441911	685	690	heard	T039	C0018767
27441911	695	701	labels	T170	C0027365
27441911	702	710	embedded	T059	C1707903
27441911	714	727	fluent speech	T041	C0233714
27441911	736	746	background	T077	C1706907
27441911	747	752	noise	T067	C0028263
27441911	771	777	mapped	UnknownType	C0679043
27441911	781	788	objects	T072	C0347997
27441911	794	801	results	T169	C1274040
27441911	831	849	protective factors	T055	C0679688
27441911	859	865	impact	T080	C4049986
27441911	866	874	language	T171	C0023008
27441911	875	883	learning	T041	C0023185
27441911	887	894	complex	T080	C0439855
27441911	895	903	auditory	T169	C0439825
27441911	904	916	environments	T082	C0014406

27442214|t|Secondary Ossification Center Appearance and Closure in the Pelvis and Proximal Femur
27442214|a|Variable ossification patterns of the pelvis in skeletally immature patients can make the interpretation of pelvic radiographs challenging. Inconsistencies among prior studies and lack of sex comparisons underscore the need for a more comprehensive characterization of the secondary ossification centers. This study evaluates the chronology and sex differences for appearance and closure of pelvic and proximal femoral secondary ossification centers using computed tomography (CT). Patients who underwent abdominal and pelvic CT scans between January 2009 and December 2014 at 2 tertiary level 1 trauma centers were retrospectively reviewed. Patients between the ages of 2 and 32 years with adequate imaging of the pelvis and proximal femurs were included. Patients with a history of orthopaedic trauma or pathology affecting ossification were excluded. CT scans were assessed for the appearance and closure of the following secondary ossification centers: anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), femoral head (FH), greater trochanter (GT), iliac crest (IC), ischial tuberosity (IT), lesser trochanter (LT), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), symphysis pubis (SP), and triradiate cartilage (TRC). Basic descriptive statistics are reported. A total of 496 CT scans met inclusion criteria (240 males and 256 females). The order of appearance of the secondary ossification centers was: (male) GT, LT, AIIS, IT, ASIS, PSIS, IC, and SP; (female) GT, LT, IT, AIIS, PSIS, IC, ASIS, and SP. The order of closure was similar: (male) TRC, LT, FH, AIIS, GT, ASIS, PSIS, IT, IC, and SP; (female) LT, TRC, AIIS, FH, GT, ASIS, PSIS, IT, IC, and SP. Female ossification centers appeared ~1 to 2 years before males in all locations. Female ossification centers closed ~1 to 2 years before males in all locations except TRC, IC, and SP. The appearance and closure of the pelvis and proximal femur secondary ossification centers follow a predictable pattern of development, occurring slightly earlier in females than males. Knowledge of more precise ages of developmen t and sex differences better characterize this complex skeletal development. Future studies may use secondary ossification centers to further evaluate skeletal maturity, assess pediatric pathology, and aid surgical management. Level III.
27442214	0	29	Secondary Ossification Center	T023	C1184751
27442214	30	40	Appearance	T080	C0700364
27442214	45	66	Closure in the Pelvis	T061	C1293215
27442214	71	85	Proximal Femur	T029	C0448190
27442214	95	107	ossification	T042	C0029433
27442214	108	116	patterns	T082	C0449774
27442214	124	130	pelvis	T023	C0030797
27442214	134	144	skeletally	T022	C0037253
27442214	145	153	immature	T080	C0205252
27442214	154	162	patients	T101	C0030705
27442214	194	200	pelvic	T023	C0030797
27442214	201	212	radiographs	T060	C1306645
27442214	274	277	sex	T032	C1522384
27442214	278	289	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27442214	359	389	secondary ossification centers	T023	C1184751
27442214	402	411	evaluates	T058	C0220825
27442214	416	426	chronology	T170	C0008717
27442214	431	446	sex differences	T032	C0036866
27442214	451	461	appearance	T080	C0700364
27442214	466	483	closure of pelvic	T061	C1293215
27442214	488	504	proximal femoral	T029	C0448190
27442214	505	535	secondary ossification centers	T023	C1184751
27442214	542	561	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27442214	563	565	CT	T060	C0040405
27442214	568	576	Patients	T101	C0030705
27442214	591	600	abdominal	T060	C0412620
27442214	605	620	pelvic CT scans	T060	C3842376
27442214	682	696	trauma centers	T073,T093	C0040786
27442214	702	717	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27442214	718	726	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27442214	728	736	Patients	T101	C0030705
27442214	749	753	ages	T032	C0001779
27442214	786	793	imaging	T060	C0011923
27442214	801	807	pelvis	T023	C0030797
27442214	812	827	proximal femurs	T029	C0448190
27442214	843	851	Patients	T101	C0030705
27442214	870	888	orthopaedic trauma	T091	C1274117
27442214	892	901	pathology	T091	C0030664
27442214	902	911	affecting	T169	C0392760
27442214	912	924	ossification	T042	C0029433
27442214	940	948	CT scans	T060	C0040405
27442214	954	962	assessed	T052	C1516048
27442214	971	981	appearance	T080	C0700364
27442214	986	993	closure	T061	C0185003
27442214	1011	1041	secondary ossification centers	T023	C1184751
27442214	1043	1072	anterior inferior iliac spine	T023	C0223645
27442214	1074	1078	AIIS	T023	C0223645
27442214	1081	1110	anterior superior iliac spine	T023	C0223644
27442214	1112	1116	ASIS	T023	C0223644
27442214	1119	1131	femoral head	T023	C0015813
27442214	1133	1135	FH	T023	C0015813
27442214	1138	1156	greater trochanter	T023	C0223865
27442214	1158	1160	GT	T023	C0223865
27442214	1163	1174	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
27442214	1176	1178	IC	T023	C0223651
27442214	1181	1199	ischial tuberosity	T023	C0223656
27442214	1201	1203	IT	T023	C0223656
27442214	1206	1223	lesser trochanter	T023	C0223866
27442214	1225	1227	LT	T023	C0223866
27442214	1230	1260	posterior superior iliac spine	T023	C0223646
27442214	1262	1266	PSIS	T023	C0223646
27442214	1269	1284	symphysis pubis	T030	C0034015
27442214	1286	1288	SP	T030	C0034015
27442214	1295	1315	triradiate cartilage	T024	C0007301
27442214	1317	1320	TRC	T024	C0007301
27442214	1381	1389	CT scans	T060	C0040405
27442214	1394	1412	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27442214	1418	1423	males	T032	C0086582
27442214	1432	1439	females	T032	C0086287
27442214	1455	1465	appearance	T080	C0700364
27442214	1473	1503	secondary ossification centers	T023	C1184751
27442214	1510	1514	male	T032	C0086582
27442214	1516	1518	GT	T023	C0223865
27442214	1520	1522	LT	T023	C0223866
27442214	1524	1528	AIIS	T023	C0223645
27442214	1530	1532	IT	T023	C0223656
27442214	1534	1538	ASIS	T023	C0223644
27442214	1540	1544	PSIS	T023	C0223646
27442214	1546	1548	IC	T023	C0223651
27442214	1554	1556	SP	T030	C0034015
27442214	1559	1565	female	T032	C0086287
27442214	1567	1569	GT	T023	C0223865
27442214	1571	1573	LT	T023	C0223866
27442214	1575	1577	IT	T023	C0223656
27442214	1579	1583	AIIS	T023	C0223645
27442214	1585	1589	PSIS	T023	C0223646
27442214	1591	1593	IC	T023	C0223651
27442214	1595	1599	ASIS	T023	C0223644
27442214	1605	1607	SP	T030	C0034015
27442214	1622	1629	closure	T061	C0185003
27442214	1644	1648	male	T032	C0086582
27442214	1650	1653	TRC	T024	C0007301
27442214	1655	1657	LT	T023	C0223866
27442214	1659	1661	FH	T023	C0015813
27442214	1663	1667	AIIS	T023	C0223645
27442214	1669	1671	GT	T023	C0223865
27442214	1673	1677	ASIS	T023	C0223644
27442214	1679	1683	PSIS	T023	C0223646
27442214	1685	1687	IT	T023	C0223656
27442214	1689	1691	IC	T023	C0223651
27442214	1697	1699	SP	T030	C0034015
27442214	1702	1708	female	T032	C0086287
27442214	1710	1712	LT	T023	C0223866
27442214	1714	1717	TRC	T024	C0007301
27442214	1719	1723	AIIS	T023	C0223645
27442214	1725	1727	FH	T023	C0015813
27442214	1729	1731	GT	T023	C0223865
27442214	1733	1737	ASIS	T023	C0223644
27442214	1739	1743	PSIS	T023	C0223646
27442214	1745	1747	IT	T023	C0223656
27442214	1749	1751	IC	T023	C0223651
27442214	1757	1759	SP	T030	C0034015
27442214	1761	1767	Female	T032	C0086287
27442214	1768	1788	ossification centers	T023	C1184744
27442214	1819	1824	males	T032	C0086582
27442214	1832	1841	locations	T029	C1515974
27442214	1843	1849	Female	T032	C0086287
27442214	1850	1870	ossification centers	T023	C1184744
27442214	1899	1904	males	T032	C0086582
27442214	1912	1921	locations	T029	C1515974
27442214	1929	1932	TRC	T024	C0007301
27442214	1934	1936	IC	T023	C0223651
27442214	1942	1944	SP	T030	C0034015
27442214	1950	1960	appearance	T080	C0700364
27442214	1965	1986	closure of the pelvis	T061	C1293215
27442214	1991	2005	proximal femur	T029	C0448190
27442214	2006	2036	secondary ossification centers	T023	C1184751
27442214	2112	2119	females	T032	C0086287
27442214	2125	2130	males	T032	C0086582
27442214	2158	2176	ages of developmen	T033	C1821962
27442214	2183	2198	sex differences	T032	C0036866
27442214	2232	2252	skeletal development	T040	C1160401
27442214	2277	2307	secondary ossification centers	T023	C1184751
27442214	2319	2327	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27442214	2328	2345	skeletal maturity	T060	C3825673
27442214	2354	2363	pediatric	T091	C0030755
27442214	2364	2373	pathology	T091	C0030664
27442214	2383	2402	surgical management	T058	C1515089

27442216|t|Pediatric Orthopaedic Trauma and Associated Injuries of Snowmobile, ATV, and Dirtbike Accidents: A 19-Year Experience at a Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center
27442216|a|The purpose of this study was to evaluate the type and severity of orthopaedic and associated injuries for snowmobile, All-terrain vehicles (ATV) and motorized dirtbike accidents in a pediatric patient population. A total of 758 patients who presented following either snowmobile (n=87), ATV-related (n=308) or dirtbike (n=363)-related trauma at our institution between 1996 and 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 441 axial and appendicular fractures occurred requiring 533 procedures. Snowmobile and dirtbike accidents were associated with a higher rate of fractures (63%, 64%) than the ATV group (50%) (P=0.0008). Snowmobile injuries had the highest rate of spinal (23%) and lower extremity fractures (53%) (P=0.0004). Snowmobile and dirtbike cohorts had higher rate of femur fractures (22%, 17%, P=0.001) whereas the ATV cohort had higher rates of upper extremity (18%), hand (11%), scapula (4.6%), and open fractures (28.6%) (P<0.01). Head trauma was the most commonly associated injury in 275 patients with the highest rate in the ATV group (44%) who also had the highest rate of no helmet use (76%). Snowmobile and ATV patients had higher Injury Severity Score (11.3, 9.6) than dirtbike patients (7.8) (P=0.001). ATV patients were found to be younger (11.8 y) compared with snowmobile (13.2 y) and dirtbike (13.5 y) (P<0.01). Pediatric snowmobile, ATV and dirtbike accidents result in severe orthopaedic and associated injuries with each vehicle demonstrating significantly different injury patterns. Injury prevention should focus on improved safety mechanisms, protective gear, safe areas for off-road vehicle use and strict laws with minimum age requirements LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Level IV.
27442216	0	9	Pediatric	T100	C0008059
27442216	10	21	Orthopaedic	T022	C0037253
27442216	22	28	Trauma	T037	C3714660
27442216	33	52	Associated Injuries	T037	C3263723
27442216	56	66	Snowmobile	T033	C2063141
27442216	68	71	ATV	T067	C0683911
27442216	77	95	Dirtbike Accidents	T067	C0683911
27442216	99	106	19-Year	T079	C0439234
27442216	131	140	Pediatric	T100	C0008059
27442216	141	154	Trauma Center	T073,T093	C0040786
27442216	175	180	study	T062	C2603343
27442216	201	205	type	T080	C0332307
27442216	210	218	severity	T080	C0439793
27442216	222	233	orthopaedic	T037	C0597457
27442216	238	257	associated injuries	UnknownType	C0412812
27442216	262	272	snowmobile	T033	C2063141
27442216	274	294	All-terrain vehicles	T067	C0683911
27442216	296	299	ATV	T067	C0683911
27442216	305	333	motorized dirtbike accidents	T067	C0683911
27442216	339	348	pediatric	T100	C0008059
27442216	349	367	patient population	T101	C0030705
27442216	384	392	patients	T101	C0030705
27442216	424	434	snowmobile	T037	C3714660
27442216	443	454	ATV-related	T037	C3714660
27442216	466	497	dirtbike (n=363)-related trauma	T037	C3714660
27442216	505	516	institution	T093	C2607850
27442216	560	568	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27442216	585	590	axial	T037	C0016658
27442216	595	617	appendicular fractures	T037	C0016658
27442216	641	651	procedures	T169	C2700391
27442216	653	663	Snowmobile	T033	C2063141
27442216	668	686	dirtbike accidents	T067	C0683911
27442216	692	707	associated with	T080	C0332281
27442216	725	734	fractures	T037	C0016658
27442216	755	764	ATV group	T098	C1257890
27442216	783	802	Snowmobile injuries	UnknownType	C0412812
27442216	827	833	spinal	T037	C0080179
27442216	844	869	lower extremity fractures	T037	C1542178
27442216	888	898	Snowmobile	T098	C0599755
27442216	903	919	dirtbike cohorts	T098	C0599755
27442216	939	954	femur fractures	T037	C0015802
27442216	987	997	ATV cohort	T098	C0599755
27442216	1018	1033	upper extremity	T023	C1140618
27442216	1041	1045	hand	T023	C0018563
27442216	1053	1060	scapula	T023	C0036277
27442216	1073	1087	open fractures	T037	C0016662
27442216	1106	1117	Head trauma	T037	C0018674
27442216	1140	1157	associated injury	UnknownType	C0412812
27442216	1165	1173	patients	T101	C0030705
27442216	1203	1212	ATV group	T098	C1257890
27442216	1273	1283	Snowmobile	T101	C0030705
27442216	1288	1300	ATV patients	T101	C0030705
27442216	1312	1333	Injury Severity Score	T170	C0021504
27442216	1351	1368	dirtbike patients	T101	C0030705
27442216	1386	1398	ATV patients	T101	C0030705
27442216	1416	1423	younger	T079	C0332239
27442216	1447	1457	snowmobile	T101	C0030705
27442216	1471	1479	dirtbike	T101	C0030705
27442216	1499	1508	Pediatric	T100	C0008059
27442216	1509	1519	snowmobile	T033	C2063141
27442216	1521	1524	ATV	T067	C0683911
27442216	1529	1547	dirtbike accidents	T067	C0683911
27442216	1558	1564	severe	T080	C0205082
27442216	1565	1576	orthopaedic	T037	C0597457
27442216	1581	1600	associated injuries	UnknownType	C0412812
27442216	1611	1618	vehicle	T073	C0348005
27442216	1657	1663	injury	T037	C3263723
27442216	1664	1672	patterns	T082	C0449774
27442216	1674	1691	Injury prevention	T061	C0150638
27442216	1717	1734	safety mechanisms	T058	C0150755
27442216	1736	1751	protective gear	T073	C3840637
27442216	1768	1784	off-road vehicle	T073	C0028892
27442216	1793	1804	strict laws	T089	C0023150
27442216	1818	1821	age	T032	C0001779

27442261|t|Content of cardiolipin of the membrane and sensitivity to cationic surfactants in Pseudomonas putida
27442261|a|To establish the role of cardiolipin (CL) of the membrane in response to the presence of tetradecyltrimethylammonium in Pseudomonas putida A (ATCC 12633). Two ORFs of Ps. putida A (ATCC 12633), which in Ps. putida KT2440 encode the putative CL synthase genes cls and cls2, were cloned, sequenced and mutated. Only the double mutant lacking cls and cls2 showed a reduction of the CL content, 83% lower than the amount produced by the wild-type. Accompanying this change was a 40% decrease in the content of unsaturated fatty acid. Consequently, the membrane of the mutant was more rigid than the one of the parental strain, as observed using fluorescence polarization techniques. The mutant strain showed reduced viability in the presence of tetradecyltrimethylammonium. The incorporation of exogenous CL into its membrane relieved sensitivity to the cationic detergent. Pseudomonas Putida cells with low levels of CL die in the presence of tetradecyltrimethylammonium, because they cannot counter the fluidizing effect of the cationic surfactant. The modification in the membrane phospholipids composition allows knowing the adaptation strategy of Ps. putida when these bacteria are exposed to cationic surfactant.
27442261	0	7	Content	T081	C1264655
27442261	11	22	cardiolipin	T109	C0007188
27442261	30	38	membrane	T024	C0025255
27442261	43	54	sensitivity	T184	C0234235
27442261	58	78	cationic surfactants	T109,T121	C0360434
27442261	82	100	Pseudomonas putida	T007	C0085470
27442261	118	122	role	T077	C1705810
27442261	126	137	cardiolipin	T109	C0007188
27442261	139	141	CL	T109	C0007188
27442261	150	158	membrane	T024	C0025255
27442261	190	217	tetradecyltrimethylammonium	T109	C0076246
27442261	221	254	Pseudomonas putida A (ATCC 12633)	T007	C0085470
27442261	260	264	ORFs	T028	C0079941
27442261	268	293	Ps. putida A (ATCC 12633)	T007	C0085470
27442261	304	321	Ps. putida KT2440	T007	C0085470
27442261	322	328	encode	T052	C2700640
27442261	342	353	CL synthase	T116,T126	C0054788
27442261	360	363	cls	T028	C0017337
27442261	368	372	cls2	T028	C0017337
27442261	379	385	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
27442261	387	396	sequenced	T059	C1294197
27442261	419	444	double mutant lacking cls	T028	C0017337
27442261	449	453	cls2	T028	C0017337
27442261	463	472	reduction	T080	C0392756
27442261	480	482	CL	T109	C0007188
27442261	483	490	content	T081	C1264655
27442261	511	517	amount	T081	C1265611
27442261	534	543	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27442261	580	588	decrease	T080	C0392756
27442261	596	603	content	T081	C1264655
27442261	607	629	unsaturated fatty acid	T109	C0015690
27442261	649	657	membrane	T024	C0025255
27442261	665	671	mutant	T028	C0678941
27442261	707	722	parental strain	T001	C1518614
27442261	742	778	fluorescence polarization techniques	T059	C0016316
27442261	784	797	mutant strain	T001	C1518614
27442261	805	822	reduced viability	T080	C0392756
27442261	813	822	viability	T043	C0007620
27442261	842	869	tetradecyltrimethylammonium	T109	C0076246
27442261	875	888	incorporation	T169	C0243126
27442261	892	901	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27442261	902	904	CL	T109	C0007188
27442261	914	922	membrane	T024	C0025255
27442261	932	943	sensitivity	T184	C0234235
27442261	951	969	cationic detergent	T109	C0301238
27442261	971	989	Pseudomonas Putida	T007	C0085470
27442261	971	995	Pseudomonas Putida cells	T025	C0007634
27442261	1015	1017	CL	T109	C0007188
27442261	1018	1021	die	T043	C0007587
27442261	1029	1037	presence	T080	C3854307
27442261	1041	1068	tetradecyltrimethylammonium	T109	C0076246
27442261	1127	1146	cationic surfactant	T109,T121	C0360434
27442261	1172	1194	membrane phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27442261	1226	1236	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27442261	1249	1259	Ps. putida	T007	C0085470
27442261	1271	1279	bacteria	T007	C0085470
27442261	1284	1294	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27442261	1295	1314	cationic surfactant	T109,T121	C0360434

27442448|t|NADPH oxidase-produced superoxide mediated a 50-Hz magnetic field -induced epidermal growth factor receptor clustering
27442448|a|A 50-Hz magnetic field (MF) was found to induce epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) clustering in our previous study. The aim of this work was to investigate the molecular mechanisms that mediated MF -induced EGFR clustering. Human amniotic epithelial (FL) cells were exposed to a 50-Hz MF. Total reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytoplasmic and mitochondrial superoxide production were detected by DCFH-DA, DHE and MitoSOX, respectively. EGFR clustering was analyzed using confocal microscopy after indirect immunofluorescence staining. Results showed that exposing FL cells to MF at intensity higher than 0.2 mT for 15 min enhanced total ROS production. Additionally, enhanced total ROS and cytoplasmic superoxide production were observed after exposing cells to MF at 0.4 mT for 5, 15, or 30 min, while mitochondrial superoxide production for 15 or 30 min. Pretreatment with Nox inhibitor, DPI, effectively inhibited MF -induced cytoplasmic superoxide production and subsequent EGFR clustering while mitochondrial superoxide production was not affected. Nox-produced superoxide mediated a 50- Hz magnetic field -induced EGFR clustering.
27442448	0	33	NADPH oxidase-produced superoxide	T116,T126	C0897757
27442448	51	65	magnetic field	T070	C0563533
27442448	75	107	epidermal growth factor receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27442448	108	118	clustering	T044	C1325936
27442448	127	141	magnetic field	T070	C0563533
27442448	143	145	MF	T070	C0563533
27442448	167	199	epidermal growth factor receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27442448	201	205	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27442448	207	217	clustering	T044	C1325936
27442448	285	305	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1148560
27442448	320	322	MF	T070	C0563533
27442448	332	336	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27442448	337	347	clustering	T044	C1325936
27442448	349	385	Human amniotic epithelial (FL) cells	T025	C0007634
27442448	410	412	MF	T070	C0563533
27442448	420	443	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27442448	445	448	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27442448	451	462	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27442448	467	480	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27442448	481	491	superoxide	T196	C0038836
27442448	492	502	production	T169	C1522492
27442448	520	527	DCFH-DA	T109	C0057672
27442448	529	532	DHE	T109,T121	C0058031
27442448	537	544	MitoSOX	T109	C1958579
27442448	560	564	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27442448	565	575	clustering	T044	C1325936
27442448	595	614	confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
27442448	621	648	indirect immunofluorescence	T059	C0282646
27442448	649	657	staining	T059	C0487602
27442448	688	696	FL cells	T025	C0007634
27442448	700	702	MF	T070	C0563533
27442448	706	722	intensity higher	T185	C4081854
27442448	761	764	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27442448	806	809	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27442448	814	825	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27442448	826	836	superoxide	T196	C0038836
27442448	837	847	production	T169	C1522492
27442448	877	882	cells	T025	C0007634
27442448	886	888	MF	T070	C0563533
27442448	927	940	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27442448	941	951	superoxide	T196	C0038836
27442448	952	962	production	T169	C1522492
27442448	981	993	Pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27442448	999	1002	Nox	T116,T126	C0068355
27442448	1003	1012	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27442448	1014	1017	DPI	T109,T121	C0058381
27442448	1031	1040	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27442448	1041	1043	MF	T070	C0563533
27442448	1053	1064	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27442448	1065	1075	superoxide	T196	C0038836
27442448	1076	1086	production	T169	C1522492
27442448	1102	1106	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27442448	1107	1117	clustering	T044	C1325936
27442448	1124	1137	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27442448	1138	1148	superoxide	T196	C0038836
27442448	1149	1159	production	T169	C1522492
27442448	1164	1176	not affected	T077	C2986417
27442448	1178	1201	Nox-produced superoxide	T116,T126	C0897757
27442448	1217	1219	Hz	T081	C0439482
27442448	1220	1234	magnetic field	T070	C0563533
27442448	1244	1248	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27442448	1249	1259	clustering	T044	C1325936

27442784|t|Placental Pathologic Associations with Morbidly Adherent Placenta: Potential insights into Pathogenesis
27442784|a|The pathology that underlies morbidly adherent placenta (MAP) is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to describe the placental pathology, especially implantation site pathology, associated with MAP. This was a single institution, retrospective case-control study design examining placentas of patients who delivered between January 2008 and September 2013. MAP cases were defined by the need for clinical intervention at delivery beyond spontaneous placental delivery or simple manual extraction of the placenta. Controls consisted of patients with placentas sent for examination due to a history of maternal malignancy with no clinical suspicion of accreta. Placental pathologic findings of maternal vascular underperfusion (MVU), acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, fetal vascular obstruction and hemorrhage were recorded and compared using bivariable and multivariable analyses. Three categories of pathologic changes were seen more commonly in MAP placentas (N=101) than control placentas (N=110): chronic basal inflammation, villous changes of MVU and retromembranous and retromembranous / intervillous hemorrhage. In multivariable analyses adjusted for confounders, chronic basal villitis (aOR 5.6, 1.73-18.18), plasma cell deciduitis (aOR 2.63, 1.08-6.39), increased syncytial knots (aOR 3.92, 1.57-9.75), villous agglutination (aOR 24.85, 2.78-221.75), increased perivillous fibrin (aOR 5.08, 1.49-17.34), and the presence of subchorionic / intervillous thrombi (aOR 4.01, 1.63-9.86) remained associated with MAP. MAP is highly associated with evidence of intraparenchymal placental hemorrhage villous changes of MVU, and a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate at the implantation site. The contribution of this basal chronic inflammatory infiltrate to MAP requires further investigation.
27442784	0	9	Placental	T018	C0032043
27442784	10	20	Pathologic	T169	C0205469
27442784	21	33	Associations	T080	C0439849
27442784	39	65	Morbidly Adherent Placenta	T046	C0405107
27442784	91	103	Pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27442784	108	117	pathology	T169	C0205469
27442784	133	159	morbidly adherent placenta	T046	C0405107
27442784	161	164	MAP	T046	C0405107
27442784	236	245	placental	T018	C0032043
27442784	246	255	pathology	T169	C0205469
27442784	268	285	implantation site	T082	C0230992
27442784	286	295	pathology	T169	C0205469
27442784	297	312	associated with	T080	C0332281
27442784	313	316	MAP	T046	C0405107
27442784	329	335	single	T081	C0205171
27442784	336	347	institution	T093	C2607850
27442784	349	381	retrospective case-control study	T062	C0035363
27442784	399	408	placentas	T018	C0032043
27442784	412	420	patients	T101	C0030705
27442784	425	434	delivered	T033	C0566687
27442784	476	479	MAP	T046	C0405107
27442784	480	485	cases	T077	C1706256
27442784	515	523	clinical	T080	C0205210
27442784	524	536	intervention	T058	C1273869
27442784	540	548	delivery	T061	C0011209
27442784	556	567	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27442784	568	586	placental delivery	T061	C0404381
27442784	597	614	manual extraction	T061	C0391874
27442784	622	630	placenta	T018	C0032043
27442784	632	640	Controls	T096	C0009932
27442784	654	662	patients	T101	C0030705
27442784	668	677	placentas	T018	C0032043
27442784	687	698	examination	T058	C0582103
27442784	708	715	history	T033	C0032967
27442784	719	727	maternal	T099	C0026591
27442784	728	738	malignancy	T191	C0006826
27442784	744	746	no	T033	C1513916
27442784	747	755	clinical	T080	C0205210
27442784	756	765	suspicion	T078	C0750491
27442784	769	776	accreta	T046	C0032044
27442784	778	787	Placental	T018	C0032043
27442784	788	807	pathologic findings	T033	C1317598
27442784	811	843	maternal vascular underperfusion	T047	C0012634
27442784	845	848	MVU	T047	C0012634
27442784	851	869	acute inflammation	T033	C0333361
27442784	871	891	chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
27442784	893	898	fetal	T018	C0015965
27442784	899	919	vascular obstruction	T047	C1096458
27442784	924	934	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27442784	968	1005	bivariable and multivariable analyses	UnknownType	C0814907
27442784	1013	1023	categories	T170	C0683312
27442784	1027	1037	pathologic	T169	C0205469
27442784	1038	1045	changes	T169	C0392747
27442784	1073	1076	MAP	T046	C0405107
27442784	1077	1086	placentas	T018	C0032043
27442784	1100	1107	control	T096	C0009932
27442784	1108	1117	placentas	T018	C0032043
27442784	1127	1153	chronic basal inflammation	T046	C0021376
27442784	1163	1170	changes	T169	C0392747
27442784	1174	1177	MVU	T047	C0012634
27442784	1202	1217	retromembranous	T046	C0019080
27442784	1220	1243	intervillous hemorrhage	T046	C0269801
27442784	1248	1270	multivariable analyses	T081	C0026777
27442784	1284	1295	confounders	T169	C0009673
27442784	1297	1319	chronic basal villitis	T047	C1300128
27442784	1321	1324	aOR	T081	C0028873
27442784	1343	1365	plasma cell deciduitis	T033	C3899627
27442784	1367	1370	aOR	T081	C0028873
27442784	1389	1414	increased syncytial knots	T033	C3898771
27442784	1416	1419	aOR	T081	C0028873
27442784	1461	1464	aOR	T081	C0028873
27442784	1486	1514	increased perivillous fibrin	T033	C0243095
27442784	1516	1519	aOR	T081	C0028873
27442784	1559	1571	subchorionic	T046	C0087086
27442784	1574	1594	intervillous thrombi	T033	C3898711
27442784	1596	1599	aOR	T081	C0028873
27442784	1626	1641	associated with	T080	C0332281
27442784	1642	1645	MAP	T046	C0405107
27442784	1647	1650	MAP	T046	C0405107
27442784	1661	1676	associated with	T080	C0332281
27442784	1689	1726	intraparenchymal placental hemorrhage	T046	C0542014
27442784	1727	1734	villous	T080	C1519984
27442784	1735	1742	changes	T169	C0392747
27442784	1746	1749	MVU	T047	C0012634
27442784	1757	1785	lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate	T033	C1334467
27442784	1793	1810	implantation site	T082	C0230992
27442784	1837	1874	basal chronic inflammatory infiltrate	T033	C1333036
27442784	1878	1881	MAP	T046	C0405107

27443131|t|Hospitalist Co-management of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgical Patients at a Community Hospital
27443131|a|The benefits of hospitalist co-management of pediatric surgical patients include bettering patient safety, decreasing negative patient outcomes, providing comprehensive medical care, and establishing a dedicated resource to patients for postoperative care. The purpose of this study was to characterize the nature of patients co-managed by a pediatric hospitalist. The authors hypothesize that hospitalist co-management is safe and efficacious in pediatric orthopaedic surgical patients who are admitted to a community hospital. A retrospective review was performed of all pediatric orthopaedic surgical patients admitted to a community hospital who were co-managed by a pediatric hospitalist. Indications for hospitalization included pain control, antibiotic infusion, and need for neurovascular monitoring. Parameters of postoperative care and co-management were assessed, including presence of complications, medication introduction or adjustment by the hospitalist, follow-up adherence, and readmission / complication rates after discharge. Thirty-two patients were assessed with an average age of 8.8 years. Twenty-five percent of patients had an associated comorbidity, including asthma, attention deficit disorder, and/or autism. The pediatric hospitalist added pain medication to the original postoperative orders placed by the orthopaedics team in 44 percent of patients (14 of the 32) either for breakthrough pain or better long-term coverage. Additionally, 25 percent of patients had pain medication adjusted from the original dosing and schedule. The hospitalist team contacted the surgeon about the four patients (12.5 percent). In three of the cases, the surgeon was contacted to discuss pain medication, and one patient woke up agitated from anesthesia, necessitating a visit from the surgeon on the pediatrics floor. The length of stay was one day for all patients. The hospitalists rounded on and discharged patients the subsequent morning. All patients were given a follow-up appointment and schedule by the hospitalist team, and every patient followed up accordingly within ten days of discharge. No complications or hospital readmissions occurred within thirty days of discharge. Hospitalist co-management of pediatric orthopaedic surgical patients in a community hospital allows for better medical comorbidity and medication management. Hospitalist s can provide closer observation during the inpatient stay and help streamline communication between providers and patients while allowing the surgeon the ability to be more mobile. Co-management is safe and efficacious in pediatric orthopaedic surgical patients who are admitted to a community hospital.
27443131	0	11	Hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	12	25	Co-management	T057	C1273870
27443131	29	38	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
27443131	39	50	Orthopaedic	T061	C0524852
27443131	51	68	Surgical Patients	T101	C0871463
27443131	74	92	Community Hospital	T073,T093	C0020003
27443131	109	120	hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	121	134	co-management	T057	C1273870
27443131	138	147	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27443131	148	165	surgical patients	T101	C0871463
27443131	174	183	bettering	T080	C0332272
27443131	184	198	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27443131	200	210	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27443131	211	219	negative	T080	C3853545
27443131	220	236	patient outcomes	T078	C1547647
27443131	248	274	comprehensive medical care	T058	C0009586
27443131	295	313	dedicated resource	T078	C0035201
27443131	317	325	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	330	348	postoperative care	T058	C0032786
27443131	370	375	study	T062	C2603343
27443131	383	395	characterize	T052	C1880022
27443131	400	406	nature	T078	C0349590
27443131	410	418	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	435	444	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27443131	445	456	hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	462	469	authors	T097	C3812881
27443131	470	481	hypothesize	T078	C1512571
27443131	487	498	hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	499	512	co-management	T057	C1273870
27443131	516	520	safe	T033	C3266157
27443131	525	536	efficacious	T080	C1280519
27443131	540	549	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27443131	550	561	orthopaedic	T061	C0524852
27443131	562	579	surgical patients	T101	C0871463
27443131	588	596	admitted	T058	C0184666
27443131	602	620	community hospital	T073,T093	C0020003
27443131	624	644	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
27443131	666	675	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27443131	676	687	orthopaedic	T061	C0524852
27443131	688	705	surgical patients	T101	C0871463
27443131	706	714	admitted	T058	C0184666
27443131	720	738	community hospital	T073,T093	C0020003
27443131	764	773	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27443131	774	785	hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	803	818	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27443131	828	840	pain control	T061	C1304888
27443131	842	861	antibiotic infusion	T061	C0199779
27443131	876	900	neurovascular monitoring	T058	C1828265
27443131	902	912	Parameters	T077	C0549193
27443131	916	934	postoperative care	T058	C0032786
27443131	939	952	co-management	T057	C1273870
27443131	958	966	assessed	T052	C1516048
27443131	978	986	presence	T033	C0150312
27443131	990	1003	complications	T078	C2362589
27443131	1005	1028	medication introduction	T061	C1293116
27443131	1050	1061	hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	1063	1072	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27443131	1073	1082	adherence	T169	C1510802
27443131	1088	1099	readmission	T058	C0030700
27443131	1102	1114	complication	T078	C2362589
27443131	1115	1120	rates	T081	C1521828
27443131	1127	1136	discharge	T058	C0030685
27443131	1149	1157	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	1163	1171	assessed	T052	C1516048
27443131	1180	1191	average age	T032	C0001779
27443131	1199	1204	years	T079	C0439234
27443131	1218	1225	percent	T081	C0439165
27443131	1229	1237	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	1245	1267	associated comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27443131	1279	1285	asthma	T047	C0004096
27443131	1287	1313	attention deficit disorder	T048	C0041671
27443131	1322	1328	autism	T048	C0004352
27443131	1334	1343	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27443131	1344	1355	hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	1362	1377	pain medication	T061	C0508321
27443131	1394	1414	postoperative orders	T058	C0032786
27443131	1429	1446	orthopaedics team	T097	C0334954
27443131	1453	1460	percent	T081	C0439165
27443131	1464	1472	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	1499	1516	breakthrough pain	T184	C1135120
27443131	1564	1571	percent	T081	C0439165
27443131	1575	1583	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	1588	1603	pain medication	T061	C0508321
27443131	1631	1637	dosing	T081	C0178602
27443131	1642	1650	schedule	T058	C0030703
27443131	1656	1667	hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	1668	1672	team	T096	C0871489
27443131	1687	1694	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27443131	1710	1718	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	1725	1732	percent	T081	C0439165
27443131	1762	1769	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27443131	1795	1810	pain medication	T061	C0508321
27443131	1820	1827	patient	T101	C0030705
27443131	1850	1860	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
27443131	1893	1900	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27443131	1965	1973	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	1979	1991	hospitalists	T097	C0600620
27443131	2007	2026	discharged patients	T058	C0030685
27443131	2055	2063	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	2077	2111	follow-up appointment and schedule	UnknownType	C0184760
27443131	2119	2130	hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	2141	2154	every patient	T101	C0030705
27443131	2155	2166	followed up	T058	C1522577
27443131	2190	2194	days	T079	C0439228
27443131	2198	2207	discharge	T058	C0030685
27443131	2212	2225	complications	T078	C2362589
27443131	2229	2250	hospital readmissions	T058	C0600290
27443131	2274	2278	days	T079	C0439228
27443131	2282	2291	discharge	T058	C0030685
27443131	2293	2304	Hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	2305	2318	co-management	T057	C1273870
27443131	2322	2331	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27443131	2332	2343	orthopaedic	T061	C0524852
27443131	2344	2361	surgical patients	T101	C0871463
27443131	2353	2361	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	2367	2385	community hospital	T073,T093	C0020003
27443131	2404	2423	medical comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27443131	2428	2449	medication management	T058	C0150270
27443131	2451	2462	Hospitalist	T097	C0600620
27443131	2507	2521	inpatient stay	T169	C0420512
27443131	2526	2530	help	T080	C1269765
27443131	2531	2555	streamline communication	T054	C0009452
27443131	2564	2573	providers	T097	C0018724
27443131	2578	2586	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	2606	2613	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27443131	2645	2658	Co-management	T057	C1273870
27443131	2662	2666	safe	T033	C3266157
27443131	2671	2682	efficacious	T080	C1280519
27443131	2686	2695	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27443131	2696	2707	orthopaedic	T061	C0524852
27443131	2708	2725	surgical patients	T101	C0871463
27443131	2717	2725	patients	T101	C0030705
27443131	2734	2742	admitted	T058	C0184666
27443131	2748	2766	community hospital	T073,T093	C0020003

27443244|t|Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for Surugamide A Encompasses an Unrelated Decapeptide, Surugamide F
27443244|a|Genome mining is a powerful method for finding novel secondary metabolites. In our study on the biosynthetic gene cluster for the cyclic octapeptides surugamides A-E (inhibitors of cathepsin B), we found a putative gene cluster consisting of four successive non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes, surA, surB, surC, and surD. Prediction of amino acid sequence based on the NRPSs and gene inactivation revealed that surugamides A-E are produced by two NRPS genes, surA and surD, which were separated by two NRPS genes, surB and surC. The latter genes are responsible for the biosynthesis of an unrelated peptide, surugamide F. The pattern of intercalation observed in the sur genes is unprecedented. The structure of surugamide F, a linear decapeptide containing one 3-amino-2-methylpropionic acid (AMPA) residue, was determined by spectroscopic methods and was confirmed by solid-phase peptide synthesis.
27443244	0	12	Biosynthetic	T033	C3810841
27443244	13	25	Gene Cluster	T028	C0017258
27443244	30	42	Surugamide A	T116	C0030957
27443244	68	79	Decapeptide	T116	C0030956
27443244	81	93	Surugamide F	T116	C0030956
27443244	94	100	Genome	T028	C0017428
27443244	101	107	mining	T062	C0936012
27443244	147	168	secondary metabolites	T123	C0870883
27443244	177	182	study	T062	C2603343
27443244	190	202	biosynthetic	T033	C3810841
27443244	203	215	gene cluster	T028	C0017258
27443244	224	243	cyclic octapeptides	T116	C0030957
27443244	244	259	surugamides A-E	T116	C0030957
27443244	261	271	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27443244	275	286	cathepsin B	T116,T126	C0699919
27443244	309	321	gene cluster	T028	C0017258
27443244	352	397	non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) genes	T028	C0017337
27443244	399	403	surA	T028	C0017337
27443244	405	409	surB	T028	C0017337
27443244	411	415	surC	T028	C0017337
27443244	421	425	surD	T028	C0017337
27443244	427	437	Prediction	T078	C0681842
27443244	441	460	amino acid sequence	T087	C0002518
27443244	474	479	NRPSs	T028	C0017337
27443244	484	501	gene inactivation	T045	C0598496
27443244	516	531	surugamides A-E	T116	C0030957
27443244	552	562	NRPS genes	T028	C0017337
27443244	564	568	surA	T028	C0017337
27443244	573	577	surD	T028	C0017337
27443244	607	617	NRPS genes	T028	C0017337
27443244	619	623	surB	T028	C0017337
27443244	628	632	surC	T028	C0017337
27443244	645	650	genes	T028	C0017337
27443244	675	687	biosynthesis	T038	C0220781
27443244	704	711	peptide	T116	C0030956
27443244	713	725	surugamide F	T116	C0030956
27443244	742	755	intercalation	T045	C0314627
27443244	772	781	sur genes	T028	C0017337
27443244	804	813	structure	T085	C0026383
27443244	817	829	surugamide F	T116	C0030956
27443244	840	851	decapeptide	T116	C0030956
27443244	867	897	3-amino-2-methylpropionic acid	T109	C0029224
27443244	899	903	AMPA	T109	C0029224
27443244	905	912	residue	T077	C1709915
27443244	932	953	spectroscopic methods	T059	C0037812
27443244	975	1004	solid-phase peptide synthesis	T052	C3178930

27443504|t|An ion-gating multinanochannel system based on a copper - responsive self - cleaving DNAzyme
27443504|a|We developed an ion-gating nanochannel composite system by immobilizing a Cu(2+) - responsive self - cleaving DNAzyme into PET conical multinanochannels, which could control the ion transport by regulating the surface charge density of the channels.
27443504	49	55	copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27443504	58	68	responsive	T169	C0205342
27443504	69	73	self	T078	C0036588
27443504	76	84	cleaving	T082	C0205242
27443504	85	92	DNAzyme	T114,T116,T126	C0540193
27443504	152	164	immobilizing	T169	C0205245
27443504	167	173	Cu(2+)	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27443504	176	186	responsive	T169	C0205342
27443504	187	191	self	T078	C0036588
27443504	194	202	cleaving	T082	C0205242
27443504	203	210	DNAzyme	T114,T116,T126	C0540193
27443504	216	219	PET	T109,T122	C0032485
27443504	220	245	conical multinanochannels	T122	C0005479
27443504	259	266	control	T169	C2587213
27443504	271	284	ion transport	T043	C0162585
27443504	288	298	regulating	T038	C1327622
27443504	303	310	surface	T082	C0205148
27443504	311	317	charge	T032	C1706211
27443504	318	325	density	T081	C0178587
27443504	333	341	channels	T122	C0005479

27443945|t|Pain and alcohol consumption among older adults: findings from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health, Wave 1
27443945|a|To investigate cross-sectional associations between self-reported recent pain and alcohol use / abstinence, and previous - day pain and previous - week alcohol consumption in adults aged 50 + in six low - and middle-income countries (LMICs). The WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Wave 1 (2007-2010) in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa is the data source. Prevalence of alcohol use / abstinence is reported by previous - day and previous - month pain. Multinomial logistic regressions (crude and adjusted for sex and country) tested associations between recent pain and alcohol use in the pooled multicountry sample. Across the six SAGE countries, about one-third of respondents reported alcohol use, being highest in Russia (74%) and lowest in India (16%). Holding the effects of sex and country constant, compared with abstainers, people with previous - day pain were more likely to be previous - day or other users. With regard to the quantity and frequency of alcohol use, people with previous - day pain were more likely to be non-heavy drinkers. Overall, we found that, in this population of older adults in six LMICs, recent pain was associated with moderate use of alcohol, although there were differences between countries. The findings provide a platform for country - specific research to better understand bi-directional associations between pain and alcohol in older adults.
27443945	0	4	Pain	T184	C0030193
27443945	9	28	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
27443945	35	47	older adults	T098	C0001792
27443945	49	57	findings	T033	C0243095
27443945	67	92	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
27443945	93	98	Study	T062	C2603343
27443945	102	108	global	T080	C2348867
27443945	109	115	AGEing	T040	C0001811
27443945	120	125	adult	T100	C0001675
27443945	126	132	health	T078	C0018684
27443945	144	155	investigate	T169	C1292732
27443945	156	171	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
27443945	172	184	associations	T080	C0439849
27443945	193	206	self-reported	T062	C0681906
27443945	214	218	pain	T184	C0030193
27443945	223	234	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27443945	237	247	abstinence	T055	C0678274
27443945	253	261	previous	T079	C0205156
27443945	264	267	day	T079	C0439228
27443945	268	272	pain	T184	C0030193
27443945	277	285	previous	T079	C0205156
27443945	288	292	week	T079	C0439230
27443945	293	312	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
27443945	316	322	adults	T100	C0001675
27443945	340	343	low	T033	C1331016
27443945	350	363	middle-income	T080	C0870890
27443945	364	373	countries	T083	C0454664
27443945	375	380	LMICs	T083	C0454664
27443945	387	390	WHO	T093	C0043237
27443945	391	396	Study	T062	C2603343
27443945	400	406	global	T080	C2348867
27443945	407	413	AGEing	T040	C0001811
27443945	418	423	adult	T100	C0001675
27443945	424	430	health	T078	C0018684
27443945	432	436	SAGE	T062	C2603343
27443945	460	465	China	T083	C0008115
27443945	467	472	Ghana	T083	C0017516
27443945	474	479	India	T083	C0021201
27443945	481	487	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27443945	489	495	Russia	T083	C0035970
27443945	500	512	South Africa	T083	C0037712
27443945	520	531	data source	T081	C0011001
27443945	533	543	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
27443945	547	558	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27443945	561	571	abstinence	T055	C0678274
27443945	587	595	previous	T079	C0205156
27443945	598	601	day	T079	C0439228
27443945	606	614	previous	T079	C0205156
27443945	617	622	month	T079	C0439231
27443945	623	627	pain	T184	C0030193
27443945	629	640	Multinomial	T081	C1709090
27443945	641	661	logistic regressions	T062	C0206031
27443945	663	668	crude	T109	C0031264
27443945	686	689	sex	T032	C1522384
27443945	694	701	country	T083	C0454664
27443945	703	709	tested	T169	C0039593
27443945	710	722	associations	T080	C0439849
27443945	738	742	pain	T184	C0030193
27443945	747	758	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27443945	766	772	pooled	T167	C1709595
27443945	773	785	multicountry	T083	C0454664
27443945	786	792	sample	T167	C1709595
27443945	809	813	SAGE	T062	C2603343
27443945	814	823	countries	T083	C0454664
27443945	844	855	respondents	T098	C0282122
27443945	865	876	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27443945	884	891	highest	T080	C1522410
27443945	895	901	Russia	T083	C0035970
27443945	912	918	lowest	T080	C1708760
27443945	922	927	India	T083	C0021201
27443945	947	954	effects	T080	C1280500
27443945	958	961	sex	T032	C1522384
27443945	966	973	country	T083	C0454664
27443945	974	982	constant	T080	C1948059
27443945	984	992	compared	T052	C1707455
27443945	998	1008	abstainers	T033	C0457801
27443945	1010	1016	people	T098	C0027361
27443945	1022	1030	previous	T079	C0205156
27443945	1033	1036	day	T079	C0439228
27443945	1037	1041	pain	T184	C0030193
27443945	1065	1073	previous	T079	C0205156
27443945	1076	1079	day	T079	C0439228
27443945	1083	1094	other users	T101	C0683007
27443945	1115	1123	quantity	T081	C1265611
27443945	1128	1137	frequency	T081	C1705502
27443945	1141	1152	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27443945	1154	1160	people	T098	C0027361
27443945	1166	1174	previous	T079	C0205156
27443945	1177	1180	day	T079	C0439228
27443945	1181	1185	pain	T184	C0030193
27443945	1209	1227	non-heavy drinkers	T033	C0556299
27443945	1261	1271	population	T098	C1257890
27443945	1275	1287	older adults	T098	C0001792
27443945	1295	1300	LMICs	T083	C0454664
27443945	1309	1313	pain	T184	C0030193
27443945	1318	1333	associated with	T080	C0332281
27443945	1334	1357	moderate use of alcohol	T055	C0814443
27443945	1379	1390	differences	T080	C1705242
27443945	1399	1408	countries	T083	C0454664
27443945	1414	1422	findings	T033	C0243095
27443945	1433	1441	platform	T075	C1710360
27443945	1446	1453	country	T083	C0454664
27443945	1456	1464	specific	T080	C0205369
27443945	1465	1473	research	T062	C0035168
27443945	1484	1494	understand	T041	C0162340
27443945	1495	1509	bi-directional	T080	C1706937
27443945	1510	1522	associations	T080	C0439849
27443945	1531	1535	pain	T184	C0030193
27443945	1540	1547	alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
27443945	1551	1563	older adults	T098	C0001792

27444328|t|Extra carbohydrate binding module contributes to the processivity and catalytic activity of a non-modular hydrolase family 5 endoglucanase from Fomitiporia mediterranea MF3/22
27444328|a|FmEG from Fomitiporia mediterranea is a non-modular endoglucanase composed of a 24-amino acids extension and 13-amino acids linker-like peptide at the N-terminus and a 312-amino acids GH5 catalytic domain (CD) at the C-terminus. In this study, six FmEG derivatives with deletion of N-terminal fragments or fusion with an extra family 1 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM1) was constructed in order to evaluate the contribution of CBM1 to FmEG processivity and catalytic activity. FmEG showed a weak processivity and released cellobiose (G2) and cellotriose (G3) as main end products, and cellotriose (G4) as minor end product from filter paper (FP), but more amount of G4 was released from regenerated amorphous cellulose (RAC). All derivatives had similar activity on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with the same optimal pH (7.0) and temperature (50°C). However, fusing an extra CBM1 to FmEG△24 or FmEG△37 with flexible peptide significantly improved its processivity and catalytic activity to FP and RAC. Overall, 1.79- and 1.84-fold increases in the soluble /insoluble product ratio on FP, and 1.38- and 1.39-fold increases on RAC, compared to FmEG△24, were recorded for CBM1 - FmEG△24 and CBM1 -linker- FmEG△24, respectively. Meanwhile, they displayed 2.64- and 2.67-fold more activity on RAC, and 1.68- and 1.77-fold on FP, respectively. Similar improvement was also obtained for CBM1 -linker- FmEG△37 as compared with FmEG△37. Interestingly, fusion of an extra CBM1 with FmEG also caused an alteration of cleavage pattern on insoluble celluloses. Our results suggest that such improvements in processivity and catalytic activity may arise from CBM1 binding affinity. The N-terminal 24- or 37-amino acids may serve as linker for sufficient spatial separation of the two domains required for processivity and catalytic activity. In addition, deletion of the N-terminal 24- or 37-amino acids led to significant reduction in thermostability but not the enzymatic activity.
27444328	6	33	carbohydrate binding module	T116,T192	C0108401
27444328	34	45	contributes	T052	C1880177
27444328	53	65	processivity	T080	C0205556
27444328	70	88	catalytic activity	T044	C0243102
27444328	94	115	non-modular hydrolase	T116,T126	C0020289
27444328	123	138	5 endoglucanase	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	144	175	Fomitiporia mediterranea MF3/22	T004	C1225186
27444328	176	180	FmEG	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	186	210	Fomitiporia mediterranea	T004	C1225186
27444328	216	241	non-modular endoglucanase	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	256	270	24-amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27444328	271	280	extension	T169	C0231448
27444328	285	299	13-amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27444328	300	319	linker-like peptide	T116	C0030956
27444328	327	337	N-terminus	T087	C1514562
27444328	344	359	312-amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27444328	360	380	GH5 catalytic domain	T087	C0600499
27444328	382	384	CD	T087	C0600499
27444328	393	403	C-terminus	T087	C1514562
27444328	424	428	FmEG	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	446	454	deletion	T052	C1880274
27444328	458	478	N-terminal fragments	T116	C0030935
27444328	482	488	fusion	T116,T123	C0162768
27444328	503	539	family 1 carbohydrate-binding module	T116,T192	C0108401
27444328	541	545	CBM1	T116,T192	C0108401
27444328	588	600	contribution	T052	C1880177
27444328	604	608	CBM1	T116,T192	C0108401
27444328	612	616	FmEG	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	617	629	processivity	T080	C0205556
27444328	634	652	catalytic activity	T044	C0243102
27444328	654	658	FmEG	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	673	685	processivity	T080	C0205556
27444328	699	709	cellobiose	T109	C0007630
27444328	711	713	G2	T109	C0007630
27444328	719	730	cellotriose	T109,T122	C1690565
27444328	732	734	G3	T109,T122	C1690565
27444328	739	756	main end products	T071	C1514468
27444328	762	773	cellotriose	T109,T122	C1690565
27444328	775	777	G4	T109,T122	C1690565
27444328	782	799	minor end product	T071	C1514468
27444328	805	817	filter paper	T074	C0180859
27444328	819	821	FP	T074	C0180859
27444328	843	845	G4	T109,T122	C1690565
27444328	864	895	regenerated amorphous cellulose	T109,T123	C0007648
27444328	897	900	RAC	T109,T123	C0007648
27444328	907	918	derivatives	T109,T122	C1690565
27444328	943	965	carboxymethylcellulose	T109,T121	C0007068
27444328	967	970	CMC	T109,T121	C0007068
27444328	981	993	same optimal	T080	C2698651
27444328	994	996	pH	T081	C0020283
27444328	1007	1018	temperature	T081	C0039476
27444328	1052	1056	CBM1	T116,T192	C0108401
27444328	1060	1067	FmEG△24	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	1071	1078	FmEG△37	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	1084	1100	flexible peptide	T116	C0030956
27444328	1128	1140	processivity	T080	C0205556
27444328	1145	1163	catalytic activity	T169	C1264638
27444328	1167	1169	FP	T074	C0180859
27444328	1174	1177	RAC	T109,T123	C0007648
27444328	1225	1232	soluble	T080	C1948047
27444328	1252	1257	ratio	T081	C0456603
27444328	1261	1263	FP	T074	C0180859
27444328	1302	1305	RAC	T109,T123	C0007648
27444328	1319	1326	FmEG△24	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	1346	1350	CBM1	T116,T192	C0108401
27444328	1353	1360	FmEG△24	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	1365	1369	CBM1	T116,T192	C0108401
27444328	1379	1386	FmEG△24	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	1438	1461	2.67-fold more activity	T033	C0243095
27444328	1465	1468	RAC	T109,T123	C0007648
27444328	1497	1499	FP	T074	C0180859
27444328	1557	1561	CBM1	T116,T192	C0108401
27444328	1571	1578	FmEG△37	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	1596	1603	FmEG△37	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	1639	1643	CBM1	T116,T192	C0108401
27444328	1649	1653	FmEG	T116,T126	C0384886
27444328	1669	1679	alteration	T078	C1515926
27444328	1683	1699	cleavage pattern	T067	C0596311
27444328	1703	1723	insoluble celluloses	T109,T123	C0007648
27444328	1771	1783	processivity	T080	C0205556
27444328	1788	1806	catalytic activity	T169	C1264638
27444328	1822	1826	CBM1	T116,T192	C0108401
27444328	1827	1843	binding affinity	T044	C0033618
27444328	1849	1881	N-terminal 24- or 37-amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27444328	1917	1935	spatial separation	T082	C1254362
27444328	1943	1954	two domains	T087	C1514562
27444328	1968	1980	processivity	T080	C0205556
27444328	1985	2003	catalytic activity	T169	C1264638
27444328	2018	2026	deletion	T052	C1880274
27444328	2034	2066	N-terminal 24- or 37-amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27444328	2074	2095	significant reduction	T080	C0392756
27444328	2099	2114	thermostability	T070	C0597571
27444328	2127	2145	enzymatic activity	T044	C0243102

27444636|t|Overnight switching from oxcarbazepine to eslicarbazepine acetate: an observational study
27444636|a|There are clinical situations where it might be appropriate to switch patients from immediate-release oxcarbazepine (OXC) to eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL). We investigated the effects of transitioning patients overnight from OXC to ESL. A retrospective, single-center study was conducted in which patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy on a stable dose of immediate-release OXC for at least 4 weeks were switched overnight to ESL. Patients were switched because they experienced persistent seizures with OXC but were unable to tolerate increased OXC dosing due to adverse events. Tolerability was assessed using the Adverse Events Profile (AEP), quality of life was assessed using the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 10 (QOLIE-10), and alertness was assessed as reaction time using a subtest of the Test Battery for Attention Performance version 2.3. Assessments were performed immediately prior to and 5 days after switching from OXC to ESL (days 0 and 5, respectively). The analysis included 21 patients (12 women, 9 men; mean age 36 years). After switching from OXC to ESL, there were significant improvements in mean scores for AEP (P<.001), QOLIE-10 (P=.001), and alertness (P<.05). Adverse Events Profile total scores improved for 21/21 (100.0%) patients, QOLIE-10 total scores improved for 17/21 (81.0%) patients, and alertness scores improved for 16/21 (76.2%) patients. In this short-term, single-center study, an overnight switch from twice-daily OXC to once-daily ESL in patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsies resulted in improvements in side effects, quality of life, and alertness.
27444636	0	9	Overnight	T079	C0439583
27444636	10	19	switching	T058	C2936279
27444636	25	38	oxcarbazepine	T109,T121	C0069751
27444636	42	65	eslicarbazepine acetate	T109,T121	C2725262
27444636	70	89	observational study	T062	C1518527
27444636	100	119	clinical situations	T067	C0013956
27444636	138	149	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27444636	153	159	switch	T058	C2936279
27444636	160	168	patients	T101	C0030705
27444636	174	191	immediate-release	T122	C1708470
27444636	192	205	oxcarbazepine	T109,T121	C0069751
27444636	207	210	OXC	T109,T121	C0069751
27444636	215	238	eslicarbazepine acetate	T109,T121	C2725262
27444636	240	243	ESL	T109,T121	C2725262
27444636	249	261	investigated	T169	C1292732
27444636	266	276	effects of	T080	C1704420
27444636	291	299	patients	T101	C0030705
27444636	300	309	overnight	T079	C0439583
27444636	315	318	OXC	T109,T121	C0069751
27444636	322	325	ESL	T109,T121	C2725262
27444636	329	342	retrospective	T062	C0035363
27444636	344	363	single-center study	T062	C2603343
27444636	387	395	patients	T101	C0030705
27444636	401	415	drug-resistant	T038	C0013203
27444636	416	430	focal epilepsy	T047	C0014547
27444636	443	447	dose	T081	C0678766
27444636	451	468	immediate-release	T122	C1708470
27444636	469	472	OXC	T109,T121	C0069751
27444636	486	493	4 weeks	T079	C1442465
27444636	499	507	switched	T058	C2936279
27444636	508	517	overnight	T079	C0439583
27444636	521	524	ESL	T109,T121	C2725262
27444636	526	534	Patients	T101	C0030705
27444636	540	548	switched	T058	C2936279
27444636	574	584	persistent	T079	C0205322
27444636	585	593	seizures	T184	C0036572
27444636	599	602	OXC	T109,T121	C0069751
27444636	612	618	unable	T033	C1299582
27444636	622	630	tolerate	T080	C4053931
27444636	641	644	OXC	T109,T121	C0069751
27444636	645	651	dosing	T081	C0678766
27444636	659	673	adverse events	T046	C0041755
27444636	675	687	Tolerability	T080	C4053931
27444636	692	700	assessed	T052	C1516048
27444636	711	733	Adverse Events Profile	T170	C0282574
27444636	735	738	AEP	T170	C0282574
27444636	741	756	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27444636	761	769	assessed	T052	C1516048
27444636	780	820	Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 10	T170	C0282574
27444636	822	830	QOLIE-10	T170	C0282574
27444636	837	846	alertness	T041	C1443086
27444636	851	859	assessed	T052	C1516048
27444636	863	876	reaction time	T079	C0034746
27444636	900	950	Test Battery for Attention Performance version 2.3	T073,T170	C0037585
27444636	952	963	Assessments	T058	C1261322
27444636	969	978	performed	T169	C0884358
27444636	979	990	immediately	T079	C0205548
27444636	991	999	prior to	T079	C0332152
27444636	1004	1010	5 days	T079	C1442466
27444636	1017	1026	switching	T058	C2936279
27444636	1032	1035	OXC	T109,T121	C0069751
27444636	1039	1042	ESL	T109,T121	C2725262
27444636	1044	1048	days	T079	C0439228
27444636	1077	1085	analysis	T062	C0936012
27444636	1098	1106	patients	T101	C0030705
27444636	1111	1116	women	T098	C0043210
27444636	1120	1123	men	T098	C0025266
27444636	1125	1142	mean age 36 years	T033	C0243095
27444636	1151	1160	switching	T058	C2936279
27444636	1166	1169	OXC	T109,T121	C0069751
27444636	1173	1176	ESL	T109,T121	C2725262
27444636	1201	1213	improvements	T077	C2986411
27444636	1217	1228	mean scores	T081	C0449820
27444636	1233	1236	AEP	T170	C0282574
27444636	1247	1255	QOLIE-10	T170	C0282574
27444636	1270	1279	alertness	T041	C1443086
27444636	1289	1311	Adverse Events Profile	T170	C0282574
27444636	1312	1324	total scores	T081	C0449820
27444636	1325	1333	improved	T033	C0184511
27444636	1353	1361	patients	T101	C0030705
27444636	1363	1371	QOLIE-10	T170	C0282574
27444636	1372	1384	total scores	T081	C0449820
27444636	1385	1393	improved	T033	C0184511
27444636	1412	1420	patients	T101	C0030705
27444636	1426	1435	alertness	T041	C1443086
27444636	1436	1442	scores	T081	C0449820
27444636	1443	1451	improved	T033	C0184511
27444636	1470	1478	patients	T101	C0030705
27444636	1488	1498	short-term	T079	C0443303
27444636	1500	1519	single-center study	T062	C2603343
27444636	1524	1533	overnight	T079	C0439583
27444636	1534	1540	switch	T058	C2936279
27444636	1546	1557	twice-daily	T079	C0585361
27444636	1558	1561	OXC	T109,T121	C0069751
27444636	1565	1575	once-daily	T079	C0556983
27444636	1576	1579	ESL	T109,T121	C2725262
27444636	1583	1591	patients	T101	C0030705
27444636	1597	1611	drug-resistant	T038	C0013203
27444636	1612	1628	focal epilepsies	T047	C0014547
27444636	1629	1637	resulted	T033	C2825142
27444636	1641	1653	improvements	T077	C2986411
27444636	1657	1669	side effects	T046	C0041755
27444636	1671	1686	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27444636	1692	1701	alertness	T041	C1443086

27445300|t|Pregnancy at high altitude in the Andes leads to increased total vessel density in healthy newborns
27445300|a|The developing human fetus is able to cope with the physiological reduction in oxygen supply occurring in utero. However, it is not known if microvascularization of the fetus is augmented when pregnancy occurs at high altitude. Fifty-three healthy term newborns in Puno, Peru (3,840 m) were compared with sea - level controls. Pre- and postductal arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was determined. Cerebral and calf muscle regional tissue oxygenation was measured using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Skin microcirculation was noninvasively measured using incident dark field imaging. Pre- and postductal SpO2 in Peruvian babies was 88.1 and 88.4%, respectively, which was 10.4 and 9.7% lower than in newborns at sea level (P < 0.001). Cerebral and regional oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the Peruvian newborns (cerebral: 71.0 vs. 74.9%; regional: 68.5 vs. 76.0%, P < 0.001). Transcutaneously measured total vessel density in the Peruvian newborns was 14% higher than that in the newborns born at sea level (29.7 vs. 26.0 mm/mm(2); P ≤ 0.001). This study demonstrates that microvascular vessel density in neonates born to mothers living at high altitude is higher than that in neonates born at sea level.
27445300	0	9	Pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27445300	13	26	high altitude	T070	C0238617
27445300	34	39	Andes	T083	C0442533
27445300	49	58	increased	T081	C0205217
27445300	59	79	total vessel density	T081	C0392762
27445300	83	90	healthy	T080	C3898900
27445300	91	99	newborns	T100	C0021289
27445300	115	120	human	T016	C0086418
27445300	121	126	fetus	T018	C0015965
27445300	152	165	physiological	T169	C0205463
27445300	166	175	reduction	T080	C0392756
27445300	179	192	oxygen supply	T070	C0311411
27445300	193	202	occurring	T052	C1709305
27445300	203	211	in utero	T100	C1708480
27445300	241	261	microvascularization	T169	C0042382
27445300	269	274	fetus	T018	C0015965
27445300	293	302	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27445300	303	309	occurs	T052	C1709305
27445300	313	326	high altitude	T070	C0238617
27445300	340	361	healthy term newborns	T100	C3898901
27445300	365	369	Puno	UnknownType	C0681784
27445300	371	375	Peru	T083	C0031238
27445300	405	408	sea	T083	C0036493
27445300	411	416	level	T080	C0441889
27445300	417	425	controls	T096	C0009932
27445300	427	473	Pre- and postductal arterial oxygen saturation	T034	C1304794
27445300	475	479	SpO2	T034	C1304794
27445300	497	505	Cerebral	T023	C0006104
27445300	510	521	calf muscle	T023	C0448482
27445300	522	530	regional	T082	C0205147
27445300	531	549	tissue oxygenation	T042	C0872293
27445300	554	562	measured	T080	C0444706
27445300	569	595	near infrared spectroscopy	T059	C0376519
27445300	597	601	NIRS	T059	C0376519
27445300	604	608	Skin	T022	C1123023
27445300	609	625	microcirculation	T042	C0025962
27445300	630	643	noninvasively	T060	C0259832
27445300	644	652	measured	T080	C0444706
27445300	659	686	incident dark field imaging	T060	C0011923
27445300	688	712	Pre- and postductal SpO2	T034	C1304794
27445300	716	724	Peruvian	T098	C1553375
27445300	725	731	babies	T100	C0021270
27445300	790	795	lower	T080	C0205251
27445300	804	812	newborns	T100	C0021289
27445300	816	819	sea	T083	C0036493
27445300	820	825	level	T080	C0441889
27445300	839	847	Cerebral	T023	C0006104
27445300	852	860	regional	T082	C0205147
27445300	861	878	oxygen saturation	T044	C0369768
27445300	897	902	lower	T080	C0205251
27445300	910	918	Peruvian	T098	C1553375
27445300	919	927	newborns	T100	C0021289
27445300	929	937	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27445300	955	963	regional	T082	C0205147
27445300	993	1009	Transcutaneously	T082	C1254362
27445300	1010	1018	measured	T080	C0444706
27445300	1019	1039	total vessel density	T081	C0392762
27445300	1047	1055	Peruvian	T098	C1553375
27445300	1056	1064	newborns	T100	C0021289
27445300	1073	1079	higher	T080	C0205250
27445300	1097	1105	newborns	T100	C0021289
27445300	1106	1110	born	T040	C0005615
27445300	1114	1117	sea	T083	C0036493
27445300	1118	1123	level	T080	C0441889
27445300	1166	1171	study	T062	C2603343
27445300	1190	1218	microvascular vessel density	T081	C0392762
27445300	1222	1230	neonates	T100	C0021289
27445300	1231	1235	born	T040	C0005615
27445300	1239	1246	mothers	T099	C0026591
27445300	1247	1253	living	T052	C2982691
27445300	1257	1270	high altitude	T070	C0238617
27445300	1274	1280	higher	T080	C0205250
27445300	1294	1302	neonates	T100	C0021289
27445300	1303	1307	born	T040	C0005615
27445300	1311	1314	sea	T083	C0036493
27445300	1315	1320	level	T080	C0441889

27445319|t|Morphological and enzymatic response of the thermotolerant fungus Fomes sp. EUM1 in solid state fermentation under thermal stress
27445319|a|Thermotolerance of the fungus Fomes sp. EUM1 was evaluated in solid state fermentation (SSF). This thermotolerant strain improved both hyphal invasiveness (38%) and length (17%) in adverse thermal conditions exceeding 30°C and to a maximum of 40°C. In contrast, hyphal branching decreased by 46% at 45°C. The production of cellulases over corn stover increased 1.6-fold in 30°C culture conditions, xylanases increased 2.8-fold at 40°C, while laccase production improved 2.7-fold at 35°C. Maximum production of lignocellulolytic enzymes was obtained at elevated temperatures in shorter fermentation times (8 to 6 days), although the proteases appeared as a thermal stress response associated with a drop in lignocellulolytic activities. Novel and multiple isoenzymes of xylanase (four bands) and cellulase (six bands) were secreted in the range of 20-150 kDa during growth in adverse temperature conditions. However, only a single laccase isoenzyme (46 kDa) was detected. This is the first report describing the advantages of a thermotolerant white-rot fungus in SSF. These results have important implications for large-scale SSF, where effects of metabolic heat are detrimental to growth and enzyme production, which are severely affected by the formation of high temperature gradients.
27445319	0	13	Morphological	T080	C0332437
27445319	18	36	enzymatic response	T044	C0243102
27445319	44	58	thermotolerant	T039	C3544386
27445319	59	65	fungus	T004	C0016832
27445319	66	80	Fomes sp. EUM1	T004	C3052531
27445319	84	108	solid state fermentation	T044	C0015852
27445319	115	122	thermal	T081	C0039476
27445319	123	129	stress	T033	C0038435
27445319	130	145	Thermotolerance	T039	C3544386
27445319	153	159	fungus	T004	C0016832
27445319	160	174	Fomes sp. EUM1	T004	C3052531
27445319	192	216	solid state fermentation	T044	C0015852
27445319	218	221	SSF	T044	C0015852
27445319	229	243	thermotolerant	T039	C3544386
27445319	244	250	strain	T004	C3052531
27445319	265	271	hyphal	T004	C0521057
27445319	272	284	invasiveness	T080	C1301757
27445319	295	301	length	T081	C1444754
27445319	311	326	adverse thermal	T081	C0039476
27445319	327	337	conditions	T080	C0348080
27445319	392	408	hyphal branching	T043	C1156247
27445319	409	418	decreased	T081	C0205216
27445319	439	449	production	T052	C1883254
27445319	453	463	cellulases	T116,T126	C1260229
27445319	469	480	corn stover	T002	C0010028
27445319	481	490	increased	T081	C0205217
27445319	508	515	culture	T130	C0010454
27445319	516	526	conditions	T080	C0348080
27445319	528	537	xylanases	T116,T126	C0014442
27445319	538	547	increased	T081	C0205217
27445319	572	579	laccase	T116,T126	C0064566
27445319	580	590	production	T052	C1883254
27445319	626	636	production	T052	C1883254
27445319	640	665	lignocellulolytic enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27445319	682	690	elevated	T080	C3163633
27445319	691	703	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27445319	715	727	fermentation	T044	C0015852
27445319	728	733	times	T081	C1632851
27445319	742	746	days	T079	C0439228
27445319	762	771	proteases	T116,T126	C0030940
27445319	786	793	thermal	T081	C0039476
27445319	794	800	stress	T033	C0038435
27445319	801	809	response	T032	C0871261
27445319	810	825	associated with	T080	C0332281
27445319	836	864	lignocellulolytic activities	T044	C0243102
27445319	885	895	isoenzymes	T116,T126	C0022173
27445319	899	907	xylanase	T116,T126	C0014442
27445319	925	934	cellulase	T116,T121,T126	C0007641
27445319	995	1001	growth	T043	C0007595
27445319	1005	1024	adverse temperature	T081	C0039476
27445319	1025	1035	conditions	T080	C0348080
27445319	1060	1067	laccase	T116,T126	C0064566
27445319	1068	1077	isoenzyme	T116,T126	C0022173
27445319	1091	1099	detected	T033	C0442726
27445319	1119	1125	report	T170	C0684224
27445319	1157	1171	thermotolerant	T039	C3544386
27445319	1172	1188	white-rot fungus	T004	C0597972
27445319	1192	1195	SSF	T044	C0015852
27445319	1203	1210	results	T169	C1274040
27445319	1243	1258	large-scale SSF	T044	C0015852
27445319	1266	1273	effects	T080	C1280500
27445319	1277	1286	metabolic	T040	C0025519
27445319	1287	1291	heat	T070	C0018837
27445319	1296	1307	detrimental	T169	C0001688
27445319	1311	1317	growth	T043	C0007595
27445319	1322	1328	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27445319	1329	1339	production	T052	C1883254
27445319	1360	1368	affected	T169	C0392760
27445319	1376	1385	formation	T169	C1522492
27445319	1394	1405	temperature	T081	C0039476
27445319	1406	1415	gradients	T081	C0812409

27445383|t|Complete Genome Sequences of Three Outbreak -Associated Legionella pneumophila Isolates
27445383|a|We report here the complete genome sequences of three Legionella pneumophila isolates that are associated with a Legionnaires' disease outbreak in New York in 2012. Two clinical isolates (D7630 and D7632) and one environmental isolate (D7631) were recovered from this outbreak. A single isolate-specific virulence gene was found in D7632. These isolates were included in a large study evaluating the genomic resolution of various bioinformatics approaches for L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates.
27445383	0	8	Complete	T080	C0205197
27445383	9	15	Genome	T028	C0017428
27445383	16	25	Sequences	T086	C0162326
27445383	35	43	Outbreak	T067	C0012652
27445383	56	78	Legionella pneumophila	T007	C0023238
27445383	79	87	Isolates	T123	C1764827
27445383	107	115	complete	T080	C0205197
27445383	116	122	genome	T028	C0017428
27445383	123	132	sequences	T086	C0162326
27445383	142	164	Legionella pneumophila	T007	C0023238
27445383	165	173	isolates	T123	C1764827
27445383	183	198	associated with	T080	C0332281
27445383	201	222	Legionnaires' disease	T047	C0023241
27445383	223	231	outbreak	T067	C0012652
27445383	235	243	New York	T083	C0027976
27445383	257	265	clinical	T080	C0205210
27445383	266	274	isolates	T123	C1764827
27445383	276	281	D7630	T007	C0023238
27445383	286	291	D7632	T007	C0023238
27445383	301	314	environmental	T082	C0014406
27445383	315	322	isolate	T123	C1764827
27445383	324	329	D7631	T007	C0023238
27445383	336	345	recovered	T080	C0521108
27445383	356	364	outbreak	T067	C0012652
27445383	375	391	isolate-specific	T123	C1764827
27445383	392	401	virulence	T038	C0042765
27445383	402	406	gene	T028	C0017337
27445383	420	425	D7632	T007	C0023238
27445383	433	441	isolates	T123	C1764827
27445383	473	483	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27445383	488	495	genomic	T028	C0017428
27445383	496	506	resolution	T077	C2699488
27445383	518	532	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
27445383	533	543	approaches	T169	C1292724
27445383	548	562	L. pneumophila	T007	C0023238
27445383	563	574	serogroup 1	T170	C0449543
27445383	575	583	isolates	T123	C1764827

27445389|t|Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of a Naturally Reassorted Infectious Bursal Disease Virus from India
27445389|a|The novel infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolate BGE14/ABT1/MVC/India is a very virulent IBDV that was isolated from broiler flocks in southern parts of India during 2014. Here, we report, for the first time in India, the complete genome sequence of BGE14/ABT1/MVC/India, a reassortment strain with segments A and B derived from a very virulent IBDV strain and an attenuated IBDV, respectively. The findings from this study provide additional insight into the genetic exchange between attenuated and very virulent strains of IBDV circulating in the field.
27445389	9	33	Genome Sequence Analysis	T059	C3854164
27445389	60	91	Infectious Bursal Disease Virus	T005	C0021338
27445389	97	102	India	T083	C0021201
27445389	113	144	infectious bursal disease virus	T005	C0021338
27445389	146	150	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27445389	152	159	isolate	T123	C3494870
27445389	160	180	BGE14/ABT1/MVC/India	T005	C0021338
27445389	191	199	virulent	T080	C1520022
27445389	200	204	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27445389	214	222	isolated	T123	C3494870
27445389	228	242	broiler flocks	T012	C0005595
27445389	264	269	India	T083	C0021201
27445389	322	327	India	T083	C0021201
27445389	342	357	genome sequence	T028	C0017428
27445389	361	381	BGE14/ABT1/MVC/India	T005	C0021338
27445389	398	404	strain	T001	C1518614
27445389	410	426	segments A and B	T028	C0017428
27445389	447	455	virulent	T080	C1520022
27445389	456	460	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27445389	461	467	strain	T001	C1518614
27445389	475	485	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27445389	486	490	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27445389	571	587	genetic exchange	T045	C1749881
27445389	596	606	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27445389	616	624	virulent	T080	C1520022
27445389	625	632	strains	T001	C1518614
27445389	636	640	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27445389	641	652	circulating	T169	C0175630
27445389	653	665	in the field	T082	C3539073

27445402|t|Brood size constrains the development of endothermy in blue tits
27445402|a|Altricial birds are unable to maintain body temperature when exposed to low ambient temperatures during the first days after hatching. Thermoregulatory capacity begins to form as postnatal development progresses, and eventually nestlings become homeothermic. Several factors may influence this development at both the level of the individual and the level of the whole brood, but to our knowledge no studies have focused on the effect of brood size per se on the development of endothermy in individual nestlings. We performed cooling experiments on blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) nestlings in the field, to study how different experimental brood sizes affected the development of endothermy in individual nestlings and the thermal environment experienced by the whole brood in the nest. Nestlings from all experimental brood sizes showed a decrease in cooling rate as they grew older, but birds from reduced broods showed an earlier onset of endothermy compared with nestlings from enlarged and control broods. This difference manifested during early development and gradually disappeared as nestlings grew older. The thermal environment in the nests differed between treatments during nestling development, such that nest temperature in reduced broods was lower than that in enlarged broods during all days and during nights at the end of the experimental period. We suggest that the development of endothermy in blue tit nestlings is not ontogenetically fixed, but instead may vary according to differences in developmental, nutritional and thermal conditions as determined by brood size.
27445402	0	10	Brood size	T081	C1568397
27445402	11	21	constrains	T077	C1707494
27445402	26	37	development	T169	C1527148
27445402	41	51	endothermy	T040	C1623210
27445402	55	64	blue tits	T012	C0326483
27445402	65	80	Altricial birds	T012	C0005595
27445402	85	91	unable	T033	C1299582
27445402	95	103	maintain	T052	C0024501
27445402	104	120	body temperature	T032	C0005903
27445402	126	133	exposed	T080	C0332157
27445402	137	140	low	T080	C0205251
27445402	141	161	ambient temperatures	T070	C0428692
27445402	179	183	days	T079	C0439228
27445402	190	198	hatching	T040	C0598016
27445402	200	216	Thermoregulatory	T040	C0005905
27445402	244	253	postnatal	T079	C0443281
27445402	254	265	development	T169	C1527148
27445402	266	276	progresses	T169	C1280477
27445402	293	302	nestlings	T012	C0005595
27445402	310	322	homeothermic	T040	C0005905
27445402	332	339	factors	T169	C1521761
27445402	344	353	influence	T077	C4054723
27445402	359	370	development	T169	C1527148
27445402	383	388	level	T080	C0441889
27445402	396	406	individual	T080	C0443299
27445402	415	420	level	T080	C0441889
27445402	428	433	whole	T081	C0444667
27445402	434	439	brood	T012	C0005595
27445402	493	499	effect	T080	C1280500
27445402	503	513	brood size	T081	C1568397
27445402	528	539	development	T169	C1527148
27445402	543	553	endothermy	T040	C1623210
27445402	557	567	individual	T080	C0443299
27445402	568	577	nestlings	T012	C0005595
27445402	582	591	performed	T169	C0884358
27445402	592	599	cooling	T070	C0678568
27445402	600	611	experiments	T062	C0681814
27445402	615	623	blue tit	T012	C0326483
27445402	625	644	Cyanistes caeruleus	T012	C0326483
27445402	646	655	nestlings	T012	C0005595
27445402	683	692	different	T080	C1705242
27445402	693	705	experimental	T080	C1517586
27445402	706	717	brood sizes	T081	C1568397
27445402	718	726	affected	T169	C0392760
27445402	731	742	development	T169	C1527148
27445402	746	756	endothermy	T040	C1623210
27445402	760	770	individual	T080	C0443299
27445402	771	780	nestlings	T012	C0005595
27445402	789	808	thermal environment	T067	C0241922
27445402	828	833	whole	T081	C0444667
27445402	834	839	brood	T012	C0005595
27445402	847	851	nest	T082	C1254362
27445402	853	862	Nestlings	T012	C0005595
27445402	872	884	experimental	T080	C1517586
27445402	885	896	brood sizes	T081	C1568397
27445402	906	914	decrease	T081	C0547047
27445402	918	925	cooling	T070	C0678568
27445402	926	930	rate	T081	C1521828
27445402	939	949	grew older	T081	C0392762
27445402	955	960	birds	T012	C0005595
27445402	966	973	reduced	T080	C0392756
27445402	974	980	broods	T012	C0005595
27445402	991	998	earlier	T079	C1279919
27445402	1008	1018	endothermy	T040	C1623210
27445402	1019	1027	compared	T052	C1707455
27445402	1033	1042	nestlings	T012	C0005595
27445402	1048	1056	enlarged	T080	C0442800
27445402	1061	1068	control	T096	C0009932
27445402	1069	1075	broods	T012	C0005595
27445402	1082	1092	difference	T080	C1705242
27445402	1093	1103	manifested	T169	C0205319
27445402	1111	1116	early	T079	C1279919
27445402	1117	1128	development	T169	C1527148
27445402	1143	1154	disappeared	T080	C0205556
27445402	1158	1167	nestlings	T012	C0005595
27445402	1168	1178	grew older	T081	C0392762
27445402	1184	1203	thermal environment	T067	C0241922
27445402	1211	1216	nests	T082	C1254362
27445402	1252	1260	nestling	T012	C0005595
27445402	1261	1272	development	T169	C1527148
27445402	1284	1288	nest	T082	C1254362
27445402	1289	1300	temperature	T081	C0039476
27445402	1304	1311	reduced	T080	C0392756
27445402	1312	1318	broods	T012	C0005595
27445402	1323	1328	lower	T052	C2003888
27445402	1342	1350	enlarged	T080	C0442800
27445402	1351	1357	broods	T012	C0005595
27445402	1369	1373	days	T079	C0439228
27445402	1385	1391	nights	T079	C0240526
27445402	1399	1402	end	T082	C0444930
27445402	1410	1422	experimental	T080	C1517586
27445402	1423	1429	period	T079	C1948053
27445402	1451	1462	development	T169	C1527148
27445402	1466	1476	endothermy	T040	C1623210
27445402	1480	1488	blue tit	T012	C0326483
27445402	1489	1498	nestlings	T012	C0005595
27445402	1563	1574	differences	T080	C1705242
27445402	1578	1591	developmental	T040	C0678723
27445402	1593	1604	nutritional	T033	C0392209
27445402	1609	1627	thermal conditions	T070	C0871526
27445402	1631	1644	determined by	T080	C0521095
27445402	1645	1655	brood size	T081	C1568397

27445435|t|Elevated Plasma Level of Interferon-λ1 in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Upregulated Expression in CD8(+) and Epithelial Cells and Induction of Inflammatory Cell Accumulation
27445435|a|Interferon- (IFN-) λ1 is regarded as a potent bio-active molecule in innate immunity. However, little is known about its role in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). We therefore investigated expression of IFN-λ1 in CSU, its cellular location, and its influence on inflammatory cell accumulation by using flow cytometry analysis, skin tissue dispersion, immunohistochemical stain, and a mouse peritoneal inflammation model. The results showed that level of IFN-λ1 was 2.0-fold higher in plasma of the patients with CSU than the level in healthy control (HC) subjects. Among leukocytes examined, only CD8(+) T cells expressed more IFN-λ1 in CSU blood. Double labeling immunohistochemical staining revealed that IFN-λ1 (+) inflammatory cells such as mast cells, eosinophils, B cells, neutrophils, and macrophages were mainly located in dermis, whereas epidermis tissue highly expressed IFN-λ1. IFN-λ1 induced a dose-dependent increase in number of eosinophils, lymphocytes, mast cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in the peritoneum of mice at 6 h following injection, which was inhibited by pretreatment of the animals with anti-intercellular adhesion molecule- (ICAM-) 1 and/or anti-L-selectin antibodies. In conclusion, IFN-λ1 is likely to play a role in the pathogenesis of CSU. Blocking IFN-λ1 production may help to reduce the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the involved CSU skin.
27445435	0	8	Elevated	T080	C3163633
27445435	9	15	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27445435	16	21	Level	T080	C0441889
27445435	25	38	Interferon-λ1	T116,T129	C3541295
27445435	42	71	Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria	T047	C0578870
27445435	73	84	Upregulated	T044	C0041904
27445435	85	95	Expression	T045	C1171362
27445435	99	105	CD8(+)	T025	C0242629
27445435	110	126	Epithelial Cells	T025	C0014597
27445435	131	140	Induction	T169	C0205263
27445435	144	161	Inflammatory Cell	T025	C0440752
27445435	162	174	Accumulation	T033	C4055506
27445435	175	196	Interferon- (IFN-) λ1	T116,T129	C3541295
27445435	221	240	bio-active molecule	T167	C3714412
27445435	244	259	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
27445435	304	333	chronic spontaneous urticaria	T047	C0578870
27445435	335	338	CSU	T047	C0578870
27445435	354	366	investigated	T169	C1292732
27445435	367	377	expression	T045	C1171362
27445435	381	387	IFN-λ1	T116,T129	C3541295
27445435	391	394	CSU	T047	C0578870
27445435	400	417	cellular location	T026	C1268228
27445435	440	457	inflammatory cell	T025	C0440752
27445435	458	470	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27445435	480	503	flow cytometry analysis	T059	C0016263
27445435	505	516	skin tissue	T024	C0684084
27445435	517	527	dispersion	T082	C0332624
27445435	529	554	immunohistochemical stain	T059	C1508788
27445435	562	567	mouse	T015	C0026809
27445435	568	591	peritoneal inflammation	T046	C0031154
27445435	592	597	model	T050	C2986594
27445435	632	638	IFN-λ1	T116,T129	C3541295
27445435	652	658	higher	T080	C0205250
27445435	662	668	plasma	T031	C0032105
27445435	676	684	patients	T101	C0030705
27445435	690	693	CSU	T047	C0578870
27445435	703	708	level	T080	C0441889
27445435	712	727	healthy control	T080	C2986479
27445435	729	731	HC	T080	C2986479
27445435	733	741	subjects	T098	C0080105
27445435	749	759	leukocytes	T025	C0023516
27445435	775	789	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
27445435	790	799	expressed	T045	C1171362
27445435	805	811	IFN-λ1	T116,T129	C3541295
27445435	815	818	CSU	T047	C0578870
27445435	819	824	blood	T031	C0005768
27445435	826	870	Double labeling immunohistochemical staining	T059	C1508788
27445435	885	891	IFN-λ1	T116,T129	C3541295
27445435	896	914	inflammatory cells	T025	C0440752
27445435	923	933	mast cells	T025	C0024880
27445435	935	946	eosinophils	T025	C0014467
27445435	948	955	B cells	T025	C0004561
27445435	957	968	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27445435	974	985	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27445435	998	1005	located	T029	C1515974
27445435	1009	1015	dermis	T024	C0011646
27445435	1025	1041	epidermis tissue	T024	C0014520
27445435	1049	1058	expressed	T045	C1171362
27445435	1059	1065	IFN-λ1	T116,T129	C3541295
27445435	1067	1073	IFN-λ1	T116,T129	C3541295
27445435	1074	1081	induced	T169	C0205263
27445435	1084	1098	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27445435	1099	1107	increase	T081	C0205217
27445435	1121	1132	eosinophils	T025	C0014467
27445435	1134	1145	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
27445435	1147	1157	mast cells	T025	C0024880
27445435	1159	1170	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27445435	1176	1187	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27445435	1195	1205	peritoneum	T024	C0031153
27445435	1209	1213	mice	T015	C0026809
27445435	1231	1240	injection	T122	C1272883
27445435	1252	1261	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27445435	1265	1277	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27445435	1285	1292	animals	T008	C0003062
27445435	1298	1345	anti-intercellular adhesion molecule- (ICAM-) 1	T116,T129	C0063695
27445435	1353	1379	anti-L-selectin antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27445435	1396	1402	IFN-λ1	T116,T129	C3541295
27445435	1435	1447	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27445435	1451	1454	CSU	T047	C0578870
27445435	1456	1464	Blocking	T169	C0332206
27445435	1465	1471	IFN-λ1	T116,T129	C3541295
27445435	1472	1482	production	T169	C1522492
27445435	1495	1501	reduce	T080	C0392756
27445435	1506	1518	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27445435	1522	1540	inflammatory cells	T025	C0440752
27445435	1557	1560	CSU	T047	C0578870
27445435	1561	1565	skin	T022	C1123023

27445450|t|Patient Satisfaction With Postpartum Teaching Methods
27445450|a|Postpartum discharge instructions are a crucial part of a mother's birth experience. Finding the method to provide those discharge instructions in a manner that increases the mother's satisfaction with her hospital experience is important. This quasi-experimental study examined the relationship between new mothers' interaction with nurses providing postpartum instructions by the traditional and class methods and their satisfaction with discharge teaching. The results indicated new mothers were satisfied with both methods of discharge teaching; however, they were more likely to report stronger agreement with overall satisfaction with the traditional method of discharge teaching than with attending the discharge class.
27445450	0	20	Patient Satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27445450	26	36	Postpartum	T079	C0086839
27445450	37	45	Teaching	T065	C0220924
27445450	46	53	Methods	T170	C0025663
27445450	54	64	Postpartum	T079	C0086839
27445450	65	87	discharge instructions	T170	C4282220
27445450	112	120	mother's	T099	C0026591
27445450	121	126	birth	T040	C0005615
27445450	127	137	experience	T041	C0596545
27445450	139	146	Finding	T033	C0243095
27445450	151	157	method	T170	C0025663
27445450	175	197	discharge instructions	T170	C4282220
27445450	215	224	increases	T169	C0442805
27445450	229	237	mother's	T099	C0026591
27445450	238	250	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27445450	260	268	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27445450	269	279	experience	T041	C0596545
27445450	299	323	quasi-experimental study	T062	C2985410
27445450	324	332	examined	T033	C0332128
27445450	337	349	relationship	T080	C0439849
27445450	358	361	new	T080	C0205314
27445450	362	370	mothers'	T099	C0026591
27445450	371	382	interaction	T033	C0037420
27445450	388	394	nurses	T097	C0028661
27445450	405	415	postpartum	T079	C0086839
27445450	416	428	instructions	T170	C1442085
27445450	436	447	traditional	T169	C0443324
27445450	458	465	methods	T170	C0025663
27445450	476	488	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27445450	494	512	discharge teaching	T065	C0514209
27445450	536	539	new	T080	C0205314
27445450	540	547	mothers	T099	C0026591
27445450	553	562	satisfied	T041	C0242428
27445450	573	580	methods	T170	C0025663
27445450	584	602	discharge teaching	T065	C0514209
27445450	654	663	agreement	T054	C0680240
27445450	677	689	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27445450	699	710	traditional	T169	C0443324
27445450	711	717	method	T170	C0025663
27445450	721	739	discharge teaching	T065	C0514209
27445450	750	759	attending	T169	C1999232
27445450	764	779	discharge class	T065	C0514209

27445856|t|High-Intensity Intermittent Training Positively Affects Aerobic and Anaerobic Performance in Judo Athletes Independently of Exercise Mode
27445856|a|The present study investigated the effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) on lower - and upper-body graded exercise and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE, four Wingate bouts) performance, and on physiological and muscle damage markers responses in judo athletes. Thirty-five subjects were randomly allocated to a control group (n = 8) or to one of the following HIIT groups (n = 9 for each) and tested pre- and post -four weeks (2 training d·wk(-1)): (1) lower-body cycle-ergometer; (2) upper-body cycle-ergometer; (3) uchi-komi (judo technique entrance). All HIIT were constituted by two blocks of 10 sets of 20 s of all out effort interspersed by 10 s set intervals and 5-min between blocks. For the upper-body group there was an increase in maximal aerobic power in graded upper-body exercise test (12.3%). The lower-body group increased power at onset blood lactate in graded upper-body exercise test (22.1%). The uchi-komi group increased peak power in upper - (16.7%) and lower-body (8.5%), while the lower-body group increased lower-body mean power (14.2%) during the HIIE. There was a decrease in the delta blood lactate for the uchi-komi training group and in the third and fourth bouts for the upper-body training group. Training induced testosterone-cortisol ratio increased in the lower-body HIIE for the lower-body (14.9%) and uchi-komi (61.4%) training groups. Thus, short-duration low-volume HIIT added to regular judo training was able to increase upper-body aerobic power, lower - and upper-body HIIE performance.
27445856	0	36	High-Intensity Intermittent Training	T056	C4277545
27445856	37	47	Positively	T033	C1446409
27445856	48	55	Affects	T080	C1280500
27445856	56	63	Aerobic	T061	C0001701
27445856	68	89	Anaerobic Performance	T056	C3841233
27445856	93	97	Judo	T056	C0079650
27445856	98	106	Athletes	T097	C0238703
27445856	124	137	Exercise Mode	T056	C0015259
27445856	173	180	effects	T080	C1280500
27445856	184	220	high-intensity intermittent training	T056	C4277545
27445856	222	226	HIIT	T056	C4277545
27445856	231	236	lower	T023	C1268088
27445856	243	253	upper-body	T023	C1268087
27445856	254	269	graded exercise	T056	C0015259
27445856	274	310	high-intensity intermittent exercise	T056	C4277545
27445856	312	316	HIIE	T056	C4277545
27445856	338	349	performance	T052	C1882330
27445856	358	371	physiological	T169	C0205463
27445856	376	389	muscle damage	T020	C0410158
27445856	390	407	markers responses	T033	C0243095
27445856	411	415	judo	T056	C0079650
27445856	416	424	athletes	T097	C0238703
27445856	438	446	subjects	T098	C0080105
27445856	452	470	randomly allocated	T062	C0034656
27445856	476	489	control group	T096	C0009932
27445856	525	529	HIIT	T056	C4277545
27445856	530	536	groups	T078	C0441833
27445856	558	578	tested pre- and post	T170	C0032919
27445856	618	628	lower-body	T023	C1268088
27445856	629	644	cycle-ergometer	T061	C2107077
27445856	661	676	cycle-ergometer	T061	C2107077
27445856	682	691	uchi-komi	T169	C0449851
27445856	693	716	judo technique entrance	T169	C0449851
27445856	723	727	HIIT	T056	C4277545
27445856	865	875	upper-body	T023	C1268087
27445856	876	881	group	T078	C0441833
27445856	895	903	increase	T169	C0442805
27445856	907	928	maximal aerobic power	T201	C2371107
27445856	939	949	upper-body	T023	C1268087
27445856	950	963	exercise test	T033	C0429687
27445856	977	987	lower-body	T023	C1268088
27445856	988	993	group	T078	C0441833
27445856	994	1003	increased	T169	C0442805
27445856	1004	1009	power	T201	C2371107
27445856	1013	1032	onset blood lactate	T109,T121,T123	C3824990
27445856	1043	1053	upper-body	T023	C1268087
27445856	1054	1067	exercise test	T033	C0429687
27445856	1081	1096	uchi-komi group	T078	C0441833
27445856	1097	1106	increased	T169	C0442805
27445856	1121	1126	upper	T023	C1268087
27445856	1141	1151	lower-body	T023	C1268088
27445856	1170	1180	lower-body	T023	C1268088
27445856	1187	1196	increased	T169	C0442805
27445856	1197	1207	lower-body	T023	C1268088
27445856	1238	1242	HIIE	T056	C4277545
27445856	1256	1264	decrease	T081	C0547047
27445856	1272	1291	delta blood lactate	T109,T121,T123	C3824990
27445856	1300	1318	uchi-komi training	T065	C0559197
27445856	1319	1324	group	T078	C0441833
27445856	1367	1377	upper-body	T023	C1268087
27445856	1378	1386	training	T065	C0220931
27445856	1387	1392	group	T078	C0441833
27445856	1394	1402	Training	T065	C0220931
27445856	1411	1432	testosterone-cortisol	T081	C4035023
27445856	1433	1438	ratio	T081	C0456603
27445856	1439	1448	increased	T169	C0442805
27445856	1456	1466	lower-body	T023	C1268088
27445856	1467	1471	HIIE	T056	C4277545
27445856	1480	1490	lower-body	T023	C1268088
27445856	1503	1529	uchi-komi (61.4%) training	T065	C0559197
27445856	1530	1536	groups	T078	C0441833
27445856	1544	1558	short-duration	T080	C0439593
27445856	1570	1574	HIIT	T056	C4277545
27445856	1584	1605	regular judo training	T065	C0220931
27445856	1618	1626	increase	T169	C0442805
27445856	1627	1637	upper-body	T023	C1268087
27445856	1638	1651	aerobic power	T201	C2371107
27445856	1653	1658	lower	T023	C1268088
27445856	1665	1675	upper-body	T023	C1268087
27445856	1676	1680	HIIE	T056	C4277545
27445856	1681	1692	performance	T052	C1882330

27445865|t|Translating Neurocognitive Models of Auditory-Verbal Hallucinations into Therapy: Using Real-time fMRI - Neurofeedback to Treat Voices
27445865|a|Auditory-verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are frequent and disabling symptoms, which can be refractory to conventional psychopharmacological treatment in more than 25% of the cases. Recent advances in brain imaging allow for a better understanding of the neural underpinnings of AVHs. These findings strengthened transdiagnostic neurocognitive models that characterize these frequent and disabling experiences. At the same time, technical improvements in real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) enabled the development of innovative and non-invasive methods with the potential to relieve psychiatric symptoms, such as fMRI -based neurofeedback (fMRI - NF). During fMRI - NF, brain activity is measured and fed back in real time to the participant in order to help subjects to progressively achieve voluntary control over their own neural activity. Precisely defining the target brain area / network(s) appears critical in fMRI - NF protocols. After reviewing the available neurocognitive models for AVHs, we elaborate on how recent findings in the field may help to develop strong a priori strategies for fMRI - NF target localization. The first approach relies on imaging -based " trait markers " (i.e., persistent traits or vulnerability markers that can also be detected in the presymptomatic and remitted phases of AVHs). The goal of such strategies is to target areas that show aberrant activations during AVHs or are known to be involved in compensatory activation (or resilience processes). Brain regions, from which the NF signal is derived, can be based on structural MRI and neurocognitive knowledge, or functional MRI information collected during specific cognitive tasks. Because hallucinations are acute and intrusive symptoms, a second strategy focuses more on " state markers ." In this case, the signal of interest relies on fMRI capture of the neural networks exhibiting increased activity during AVHs occurrences, by means of multivariate pattern recognition methods. The fine-grained activity patterns concomitant to hallucinations can then be fed back to the patients for therapeutic purpose. Considering the potential cost necessary to implement fMRI - NF, proof-of-concept studies are urgently required to define the optimal strategy for application in patients with AVHs. This technique has the potential to establish a new brain imaging -guided psychotherapy for patients that do not respond to conventional treatments and take functional neuroimaging to therapeutic applications.
27445865	0	33	Translating Neurocognitive Models	T170	C3161035
27445865	37	67	Auditory-Verbal Hallucinations	T184	C0424068
27445865	73	80	Therapy	T169	C0039798
27445865	88	97	Real-time	T079	C1550177
27445865	98	102	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	105	118	Neurofeedback	T061	C2713543
27445865	128	134	Voices	T040	C0042939
27445865	135	165	Auditory-verbal hallucinations	T184	C0424068
27445865	167	171	AVHs	T184	C0424068
27445865	200	208	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27445865	250	281	psychopharmacological treatment	UnknownType	C0679629
27445865	332	345	brain imaging	T060	C0203860
27445865	386	392	neural	T169	C3714606
27445865	410	414	AVHs	T184	C0424068
27445865	444	481	transdiagnostic neurocognitive models	T170	C3161035
27445865	554	558	time	T079	C0040223
27445865	586	595	real-time	T079	C1550177
27445865	596	633	functional magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0376335
27445865	635	639	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	653	664	development	T169	C1527148
27445865	683	695	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27445865	726	733	relieve	T169	C1301676
27445865	734	754	psychiatric symptoms	T184	C0233401
27445865	764	768	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	776	789	neurofeedback	T061	C2713543
27445865	791	795	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	798	800	NF	T061	C2713543
27445865	810	814	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	817	819	NF	T061	C2713543
27445865	821	835	brain activity	T039	C0443158
27445865	864	873	real time	T079	C1550177
27445865	881	892	participant	T098	C0679646
27445865	910	918	subjects	T098	C0080105
27445865	944	961	voluntary control	T040	C2371247
27445865	977	992	neural activity	T039	C0443158
27445865	1017	1023	target	T169	C1521840
27445865	1024	1034	brain area	T029	C0005898
27445865	1037	1047	network(s)	T169	C1882071
27445865	1068	1072	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	1075	1077	NF	T061	C2713543
27445865	1078	1087	protocols	T170	C0542547
27445865	1119	1140	neurocognitive models	T170	C3161035
27445865	1145	1149	AVHs	T184	C0424068
27445865	1178	1186	findings	T033	C0243095
27445865	1236	1246	strategies	T041	C0679199
27445865	1251	1255	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	1258	1260	NF	T061	C2713543
27445865	1261	1267	target	T169	C1521840
27445865	1268	1280	localization	T169	C0475264
27445865	1311	1318	imaging	T060	C0011923
27445865	1328	1333	trait	T032	C0599883
27445865	1334	1341	markers	T201	C0005516
27445865	1362	1368	traits	T032	C0599883
27445865	1386	1393	markers	T201	C0005516
27445865	1427	1441	presymptomatic	T047	C2936329
27445865	1446	1461	remitted phases	T079	C0439600
27445865	1465	1469	AVHs	T184	C0424068
27445865	1476	1480	goal	T170	C0018017
27445865	1506	1512	target	T169	C1521840
27445865	1513	1518	areas	T082	C0205146
27445865	1529	1549	aberrant activations	T052	C1879547
27445865	1557	1561	AVHs	T184	C0424068
27445865	1593	1616	compensatory activation	T052	C1879547
27445865	1621	1641	resilience processes	T067	C1522240
27445865	1644	1657	Brain regions	T029	C1273723
27445865	1674	1676	NF	T061	C2713543
27445865	1677	1683	signal	T067	C1710082
27445865	1712	1726	structural MRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	1731	1755	neurocognitive knowledge	T170	C0518895
27445865	1760	1774	functional MRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	1775	1786	information	T078	C1533716
27445865	1813	1828	cognitive tasks	T169	C1516691
27445865	1838	1852	hallucinations	T048	C0018524
27445865	1877	1885	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27445865	1923	1936	state markers	T201	C0005516
27445865	1958	1964	signal	T067	C1710082
27445865	1987	1991	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	2007	2022	neural networks	T023	C0242406
27445865	2060	2064	AVHs	T184	C0424068
27445865	2090	2130	multivariate pattern recognition methods	T081	C0026777
27445865	2149	2166	activity patterns	T082	C0449774
27445865	2167	2178	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27445865	2182	2196	hallucinations	T048	C0018524
27445865	2225	2233	patients	T101	C0030705
27445865	2238	2249	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27445865	2313	2317	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27445865	2320	2322	NF	T061	C2713543
27445865	2341	2348	studies	T062	C2603343
27445865	2406	2417	application	T169	C4048755
27445865	2421	2429	patients	T101	C0030705
27445865	2435	2439	AVHs	T184	C0424068
27445865	2446	2455	technique	T169	C0449851
27445865	2493	2506	brain imaging	T060	C0203860
27445865	2515	2528	psychotherapy	T061	C0033968
27445865	2533	2541	patients	T101	C0030705
27445865	2578	2588	treatments	T169	C1522326
27445865	2598	2621	functional neuroimaging	T060,T062	C3178877
27445865	2625	2636	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27445865	2637	2649	applications	T058	C0185125

27445997|t|Microbiomes of Muricea californica and M. fruticosa: Comparative Analyses of Two Co-occurring Eastern Pacific Octocorals
27445997|a|Octocorals are sources of novel but understudied microbial diversity. Conversely, scleractinian or reef-building coral microbiomes have been heavily examined in light of the threats of climate change. Muricea californica and Muricea fruticosa are two co-occurring species of gorgonian octocoral abundantly found in the kelp forests of southern California, and thus provide an excellent basis to determine if octocoral microbiomes are host specific. Using Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing and replicate samples, we evaluated the microbiomes collected from multiple colonies of both species of Muricea to measure both inter- and intra-colony microbiome variabilities. In addition, microbiomes from overlying sea water and nearby zoanthids (another benthic invertebrate) were also included in the analysis to evaluate whether bacterial taxa specifically associate with octocorals. This is also the first report of microbiomes from these species of Muricea. We show that microbiomes isolated from each sample type are distinct, and specifically, that octocoral species type had the greatest effect on predicting the composition of the Muricea microbiome. Bacterial taxa contributing to compositional differences include distinct strains of Mycoplasma associated with either M. californica or M. fruticosa, an abundance of Spirochaetes observed on M. californica, and a greater diversity of γ-Proteobacteria associated with M. fruticosa. Many of the bacterial taxa contributing to these differences are known for their presence in photosymbiont-containing invertebrate microbiomes.
27445997	0	11	Microbiomes	T001	C1956108
27445997	15	34	Muricea californica	T204	C1093383
27445997	39	51	M. fruticosa	T204	C1011258
27445997	53	73	Comparative Analyses	T062	C0683941
27445997	94	109	Eastern Pacific	T083	C0030168
27445997	110	120	Octocorals	T204	C0997913
27445997	121	131	Octocorals	T204	C0997913
27445997	157	169	understudied	T062	C2603343
27445997	170	179	microbial	T001	C0599840
27445997	180	189	diversity	T080	C1880371
27445997	203	216	scleractinian	T204	C0997908
27445997	220	251	reef-building coral microbiomes	T001	C1956108
27445997	270	278	examined	T033	C0332128
27445997	295	302	threats	T078	C0749385
27445997	306	320	climate change	T070	C2718051
27445997	322	341	Muricea californica	T204	C1093383
27445997	346	363	Muricea fruticosa	T204	C1011258
27445997	372	392	co-occurring species	T185	C1705920
27445997	396	415	gorgonian octocoral	T204	C0997913
27445997	416	432	abundantly found	T033	C0150312
27445997	440	444	kelp	T204	C0036500
27445997	445	452	forests	T070	C0086312
27445997	456	475	southern California	T083	C0006754
27445997	497	512	excellent basis	T169	C1527178
27445997	529	538	octocoral	T204	C0997913
27445997	539	550	microbiomes	T001	C1956108
27445997	555	559	host	T001	C1167395
27445997	560	568	specific	T080	C0205369
27445997	576	610	Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing	T170	C2348563
27445997	615	632	replicate samples	T169	C1609629
27445997	651	662	microbiomes	T001	C1956108
27445997	678	695	multiple colonies	T081	C0439158
27445997	704	711	species	T185	C1705920
27445997	715	722	Muricea	T204	C1093383
27445997	726	733	measure	T081	C0079809
27445997	739	745	inter-	T025	C1947989
27445997	750	762	intra-colony	T025	C1947989
27445997	763	773	microbiome	T001	C1956108
27445997	774	787	variabilities	T077	C2827666
27445997	802	813	microbiomes	T001	C1956108
27445997	829	838	sea water	T167	C0036499
27445997	850	859	zoanthids	T204	C0684063
27445997	869	889	benthic invertebrate	T204	C0021948
27445997	917	925	analysis	T062	C0936012
27445997	946	960	bacterial taxa	T170	C0682467
27445997	974	988	associate with	T080	C0332281
27445997	989	999	octocorals	T204	C0997913
27445997	1018	1030	first report	T170	C0684224
27445997	1034	1045	microbiomes	T001	C1956108
27445997	1057	1064	species	T185	C1705920
27445997	1068	1075	Muricea	T204	C1093383
27445997	1090	1101	microbiomes	T001	C1956108
27445997	1102	1110	isolated	T169	C0205409
27445997	1121	1132	sample type	T080	C2347029
27445997	1137	1145	distinct	T080	C1705242
27445997	1170	1179	octocoral	T204	C0997913
27445997	1180	1187	species	T185	C1705920
27445997	1188	1192	type	T080	C0332307
27445997	1220	1230	predicting	T078	C0681842
27445997	1235	1246	composition	T201	C0486616
27445997	1254	1261	Muricea	T204	C1093383
27445997	1262	1272	microbiome	T001	C1956108
27445997	1274	1288	Bacterial taxa	T170	C0682467
27445997	1305	1330	compositional differences	T081	C1705241
27445997	1339	1347	distinct	T080	C1705242
27445997	1348	1355	strains	T001	C1518614
27445997	1359	1369	Mycoplasma	T007	C0026934
27445997	1370	1385	associated with	T080	C0332281
27445997	1393	1407	M. californica	T204	C1093383
27445997	1411	1423	M. fruticosa	T204	C1011258
27445997	1428	1437	abundance	T080	C2346714
27445997	1441	1453	Spirochaetes	T007	C1222582
27445997	1454	1462	observed	T169	C1441672
27445997	1466	1480	M. californica	T204	C1093383
27445997	1488	1495	greater	T081	C1704243
27445997	1496	1505	diversity	T080	C1880371
27445997	1509	1525	γ-Proteobacteria	T007	C0751988
27445997	1526	1541	associated with	T080	C0332281
27445997	1542	1554	M. fruticosa	T204	C1011258
27445997	1568	1582	bacterial taxa	T170	C0682467
27445997	1605	1616	differences	T081	C1705241
27445997	1637	1645	presence	T033	C0150312
27445997	1649	1686	photosymbiont-containing invertebrate	T204	C0021948
27445997	1687	1698	microbiomes	T001	C1956108

27446048|t|The Crystal Structure of the C-Terminal Domain of the Salmonella enterica PduO Protein: An Old Fold with a New Heme-Binding Mode
27446048|a|The two-domain protein PduO, involved in 1,2-propanediol utilization in the pathogenic Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica is an ATP: Cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase, but this is a function of the N-terminal domain alone. The role of its C-terminal domain (PduOC) is, however, unknown. In this study, comparative growth assays with a set of Salmonella mutant strains showed that this domain is necessary for effective in vivo catabolism of 1,2-propanediol. It was also shown that isolated, recombinantly-expressed PduOC binds heme in vivo. The structure of PduOC co-crystallized with heme was solved (1.9 Å resolution) showing an octameric assembly with four heme moieities. The four heme groups are highly solvent-exposed and the heme iron is hexa-coordinated with bis-His ligation by histidines from different monomers. Static light scattering confirmed the octameric assembly in solution, but a mutation of the heme - coordinating histidine caused dissociation into dimers. Isothermal titration calorimetry using the PduOC apoprotein showed strong heme binding (K d = 1.6 × 10(-7) M). Biochemical experiments showed that the absence of the C-terminal domain in PduO did not affect adenosyltransferase activity in vitro. The evidence suggests that PduOC: heme plays an important role in the set of cobalamin transformations required for effective catabolism of 1,2-propanediol. Salmonella PduO is one of the rare proteins which binds the redox-active metabolites heme and cobalamin, and the heme-binding mode of the C-terminal domain differs from that in other members of this protein family.
27446048	4	21	Crystal Structure	T104	C0444626
27446048	29	46	C-Terminal Domain	T087	C1514562
27446048	54	73	Salmonella enterica	T007	C0445750
27446048	74	86	PduO Protein	T116,T123	C0004627
27446048	111	123	Heme-Binding	T044	C1148616
27446048	133	156	two-domain protein PduO	T116,T123	C0004627
27446048	170	185	1,2-propanediol	T109,T121	C0072225
27446048	205	215	pathogenic	T001	C0450254
27446048	216	239	Gram-negative bacterium	T007	C0018150
27446048	240	259	Salmonella enterica	T007	C0445750
27446048	266	269	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27446048	271	303	Cob(I)alamin adenosyltransferase	T116,T126	C0056021
27446048	319	327	function	T044	C1148560
27446048	335	352	N-terminal domain	T087	C1514562
27446048	376	393	C-terminal domain	T087	C1514562
27446048	395	400	PduOC	T116,T123	C0033684
27446048	432	437	study	T062	C2603343
27446048	451	464	growth assays	T059	C0005507
27446048	479	504	Salmonella mutant strains	T007	C0036111
27446048	522	528	domain	T087	C1514562
27446048	556	563	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27446048	564	574	catabolism	T040	C0699900
27446048	578	593	1,2-propanediol	T109,T121	C0072225
27446048	618	626	isolated	T169	C0205409
27446048	628	657	recombinantly-expressed PduOC	T116	C0034861
27446048	658	663	binds	T044	C1167622
27446048	664	668	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27446048	669	676	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27446048	682	691	structure	T082	C0678594
27446048	695	700	PduOC	T116,T123	C0033684
27446048	701	716	co-crystallized	T104	C0444626
27446048	722	726	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27446048	768	786	octameric assembly	T044	C0872376
27446048	797	801	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27446048	822	826	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27446048	869	878	heme iron	T196	C2348951
27446048	882	898	hexa-coordinated	T169	C0700114
27446048	904	920	bis-His ligation	T044	C1148560
27446048	924	934	histidines	T116,T121,T123	C0019602
27446048	950	958	monomers	T104	C0596973
27446048	960	983	Static light scattering	T059	C1883166
27446048	998	1016	octameric assembly	T044	C0872376
27446048	1020	1028	solution	T167	C0037633
27446048	1036	1044	mutation	T045	C0026882
27446048	1052	1056	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27446048	1059	1071	coordinating	T169	C0700114
27446048	1072	1081	histidine	T116,T121,T123	C0019602
27446048	1089	1101	dissociation	T044	C0301643
27446048	1107	1113	dimers	T104	C0596448
27446048	1115	1147	Isothermal titration calorimetry	T059	C0006779
27446048	1158	1174	PduOC apoprotein	T116,T123	C0003601
27446048	1189	1201	heme binding	T044	C1148616
27446048	1226	1237	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
27446048	1238	1249	experiments	T062	C0681814
27446048	1266	1273	absence	T169	C0332197
27446048	1281	1298	C-terminal domain	T087	C1514562
27446048	1302	1306	PduO	T116,T123	C0004627
27446048	1322	1341	adenosyltransferase	T116,T126	C0729571
27446048	1342	1350	activity	T044	C0243102
27446048	1351	1359	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27446048	1365	1373	evidence	T078	C3887511
27446048	1388	1393	PduOC	T116,T123	C0033684
27446048	1395	1399	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27446048	1438	1447	cobalamin	T114,T127	C0086024
27446048	1448	1463	transformations	T044	C1148560
27446048	1487	1497	catabolism	T040	C0699900
27446048	1501	1516	1,2-propanediol	T109,T121	C0072225
27446048	1518	1528	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27446048	1529	1533	PduO	T116,T123	C0004627
27446048	1553	1561	proteins	T116,T123	C0004627
27446048	1578	1590	redox-active	T044	C2266998
27446048	1591	1602	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27446048	1603	1607	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27446048	1612	1621	cobalamin	T114,T127	C0086024
27446048	1631	1643	heme-binding	T044	C1148616
27446048	1656	1673	C-terminal domain	T087	C1514562
27446048	1717	1731	protein family	T116,T123	C1335532

27446224|t|The Therapeutic Effect of Berberine in the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis
27446224|a|Aim. To assess the efficacy of berberine in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through meta-analysis. Method. We searched Embase, Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and so forth, until March 2016 for randomized controlled trials using berberine to treat NAFLD. Result. Six randomized controlled trials involving 501 patients were included in this study. The results showed that the efficacy of reducing TC, LDL, ALT, 2hPG, and HbA1c in NAFLD patients of the berberine group were significantly higher than that of control group. The subgroup analyses on TG, AST, and FBG indicated that treatment combined with berberine decreased TG level in NAFLD patients significantly. Compared with other drugs, berberine alone decreased TG level in NAFLD patients significantly. We also conducted a descriptive analysis on insulin resistance and radiography results that berberine can improve NAFLD patients ' insulin resistance and fatty liver. Conclusion. According to analysis result, berberine has positive efficacy on blood lipids, blood glucose, liver function, insulin resistance, and fatty liver condition of NAFLD patients. However, due to the limitation of number and quality of trials included, more clinical randomized controlled trials with high quality are needed for further verification of the efficacy of berberine on NAFLD patients.
27446224	4	22	Therapeutic Effect	T201	C1527144
27446224	26	35	Berberine	T109,T121	C0005117
27446224	43	52	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27446224	56	88	Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease	T047	C0400966
27446224	92	105	Meta-Analysis	T062	C0920317
27446224	114	120	assess	T058	C0184514
27446224	125	133	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27446224	137	146	berberine	T109,T121	C0005117
27446224	154	163	treatment	T061	C0087111
27446224	167	199	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease	T047	C0400966
27446224	208	221	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27446224	243	249	Embase	T170	C0282574
27446224	251	257	Pubmed	T170	C1138432
27446224	259	275	Cochrane Library	T170	C0282574
27446224	312	340	randomized controlled trials	T062,T170	C0282440
27446224	347	356	berberine	T109,T121	C0005117
27446224	366	371	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27446224	385	413	randomized controlled trials	T062,T170	C0282440
27446224	428	436	patients	T101	C0030705
27446224	459	464	study	T062	C2603343
27446224	494	502	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27446224	506	514	reducing	T080	C0392756
27446224	515	517	TC	T109	C0543421
27446224	519	522	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
27446224	524	527	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
27446224	529	533	2hPG	T201	C4036718
27446224	539	544	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27446224	548	553	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27446224	554	562	patients	T101	C0030705
27446224	570	579	berberine	T109,T121	C0005117
27446224	580	585	group	T098	C1257890
27446224	591	611	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27446224	625	638	control group	T096	C0009932
27446224	644	652	subgroup	T098	C1257890
27446224	665	667	TG	T109,T123	C0041004
27446224	669	672	AST	T116,T126	C0004002
27446224	678	681	FBG	T059	C0428568
27446224	697	706	treatment	T061	C0087111
27446224	721	730	berberine	T109,T121	C0005117
27446224	741	749	TG level	T034	C0428475
27446224	753	758	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27446224	759	767	patients	T101	C0030705
27446224	803	808	drugs	T121	C0013227
27446224	810	819	berberine	T109,T121	C0005117
27446224	826	844	decreased TG level	T034	C0428475
27446224	848	853	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27446224	854	862	patients	T101	C0030705
27446224	898	918	descriptive analysis	T062	C0936012
27446224	922	940	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27446224	945	956	radiography	T060	C0043299
27446224	970	979	berberine	T109,T121	C0005117
27446224	992	997	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27446224	998	1006	patients	T101	C0030705
27446224	1009	1027	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27446224	1032	1043	fatty liver	T047	C0015695
27446224	1070	1085	analysis result	UnknownType	C0681874
27446224	1087	1096	berberine	T109,T121	C0005117
27446224	1110	1118	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27446224	1122	1134	blood lipids	T109	C0596192
27446224	1136	1149	blood glucose	T109	C0005802
27446224	1151	1165	liver function	T042	C0232741
27446224	1167	1185	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27446224	1191	1212	fatty liver condition	T047	C0015695
27446224	1216	1221	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27446224	1222	1230	patients	T101	C0030705
27446224	1310	1318	clinical	T080	C0205210
27446224	1319	1347	randomized controlled trials	T062,T170	C0282440
27446224	1389	1401	verification	T169	C1711411
27446224	1409	1417	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27446224	1421	1430	berberine	T109,T121	C0005117
27446224	1434	1439	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27446224	1440	1448	patients	T101	C0030705

27446232|t|Perfusion Angiography in Acute Ischemic Stroke
27446232|a|Visualization and quantification of blood flow are essential for the diagnosis and treatment evaluation of cerebrovascular diseases. For rapid imaging of the cerebrovasculature, digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard as it offers high spatial resolution. This paper lays out a methodological framework, named perfusion angiography, for the quantitative analysis and visualization of blood flow parameters from DSA images. The parameters, including cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood volume (CBV), mean transit time (MTT), time-to-peak (TTP), and T max, are computed using a bolus tracking method based on the deconvolution of the time-density curve on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The method is tested on 66 acute ischemic stroke patients treated with thrombectomy and/or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and also evaluated on an estimation task with known ground truth. This novel imaging tool provides unique insights into flow mechanisms that cannot be observed directly in DSA sequences and might be used to evaluate the impact of endovascular interventions more precisely.
27446232	0	9	Perfusion	T061	C0031001
27446232	10	21	Angiography	T060	C0002978
27446232	25	30	Acute	T079	C0205178
27446232	31	46	Ischemic Stroke	T047	C0948008
27446232	65	79	quantification	T081	C1709793
27446232	83	93	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27446232	98	107	essential	T080	C0205224
27446232	116	125	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27446232	130	150	treatment evaluation	T058	C0557980
27446232	154	178	cerebrovascular diseases	T047	C0007820
27446232	184	189	rapid	T080	C0456962
27446232	190	197	imaging	T060	C0011923
27446232	205	223	cerebrovasculature	T022	C0225992
27446232	225	256	digital subtraction angiography	T060	C0002979
27446232	258	261	DSA	T060	C0002979
27446232	275	288	gold standard	T080	C0150110
27446232	302	325	high spatial resolution	T059	C1719039
27446232	349	373	methodological framework	T077	C1709697
27446232	381	390	perfusion	T061	C0031001
27446232	391	402	angiography	T060	C0002978
27446232	412	433	quantitative analysis	T059	C0200767
27446232	455	465	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27446232	466	476	parameters	T033	C0449381
27446232	482	485	DSA	T060	C0002979
27446232	486	492	images	T170	C1704922
27446232	498	508	parameters	T033	C0449381
27446232	520	539	cerebral blood flow	T033	C0428714
27446232	541	544	CBF	T033	C0428714
27446232	550	571	cerebral blood volume	T032	C4277714
27446232	573	576	CBV	T032	C4277714
27446232	579	596	mean transit time	T079	C0040223
27446232	598	601	MTT	T079	C0040223
27446232	604	616	time-to-peak	T201	C2923471
27446232	618	621	TTP	T201	C2923471
27446232	628	633	T max	T081	C2348796
27446232	639	647	computed	T052	C1880157
27446232	656	677	bolus tracking method	T061	C1511237
27446232	691	704	deconvolution	T066	C1707643
27446232	762	768	method	T170	C0025663
27446232	785	790	acute	T079	C0205178
27446232	791	806	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27446232	807	815	patients	T101	C0030705
27446232	816	828	treated with	T061	C0332293
27446232	829	841	thrombectomy	T061	C0162578
27446232	849	877	tissue plasminogen activator	T116,T123	C0042145
27446232	879	882	tPA	T116,T123	C0042145
27446232	893	902	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27446232	909	919	estimation	T041	C0680844
27446232	920	924	task	T057	C3540678
27446232	955	960	novel	T080	C0205314
27446232	961	973	imaging tool	T074	C1512629
27446232	990	998	insights	T041	C0233820
27446232	1009	1019	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27446232	1035	1043	observed	T169	C1441672
27446232	1056	1059	DSA	T060	C0002979
27446232	1091	1099	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27446232	1104	1110	impact	T080	C4049986
27446232	1114	1140	endovascular interventions	T061	C0411282

27446352|t|Splicing variants of ADAR2 and ADAR2 -mediated RNA editing in glioma
27446352|a|The roles of alternative splicing and RNA editing in gene regulation and transcriptome diversity are well documented. Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are responsible for adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing and exemplify the complex association between RNA editing and alternative splicing. The self-editing activity of ADAR2, which acts on its own pre-mRNA, leads to its alternative splicing. Alternative splicing occurs independently at nine splicing sites on ADAR2 pre-mRNA, generating numerous alternative splicing variants with various catalytic activities. A-to-I RNA editing is important in a range of physiological processes in humans and is associated with several diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, mood disorders, epilepsy and glioma. Reduced editing at the glutamine / arginine site of the AMPA receptor subunit GluA2 in glioma, without any alteration in ADAR2 expression, is a notable phenomenon. Several studies have tried to explain this alteration in the catalytic activity of ADAR2; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present review summarizes the relevant literature and shares experimental results concerning ADAR2 alternative splicing. In particular, the present review demonstrates that shifts in the relative abundance of the active and inactive splicing variants of ADAR2 may reduce the ADAR2 editing activity in glioma. Dominant expression of ADAR2 splicing variant with low enzyme activity causes reduced RNA editing of GluA2 subunit at the glutamine / arginine site in glioma.
27446352	0	8	Splicing	T045	C0035687
27446352	21	26	ADAR2	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	31	36	ADAR2	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	47	58	RNA editing	T045	C0162782
27446352	62	68	glioma	T191	C0017638
27446352	82	102	alternative splicing	T045	C0002345
27446352	107	118	RNA editing	T045	C0162782
27446352	122	137	gene regulation	T045	C0017263
27446352	142	155	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27446352	187	207	Adenosine deaminases	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	218	221	RNA	T114	C0035668
27446352	223	228	ADARs	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	250	287	adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing	T045	C1158747
27446352	334	345	RNA editing	T045	C0162782
27446352	350	370	alternative splicing	T045	C0002345
27446352	376	388	self-editing	T045	C0162782
27446352	401	406	ADAR2	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	430	438	pre-mRNA	T114,T123	C0026661
27446352	453	473	alternative splicing	T045	C0002345
27446352	475	495	Alternative splicing	T045	C0002345
27446352	525	533	splicing	T045	C0035687
27446352	543	548	ADAR2	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	549	557	pre-mRNA	T114,T123	C0026661
27446352	579	599	alternative splicing	T045	C0002345
27446352	622	642	catalytic activities	T044	C0243102
27446352	644	662	A-to-I RNA editing	T045	C1158747
27446352	690	713	physiological processes	T039	C0031845
27446352	717	723	humans	T016	C0086418
27446352	755	763	diseases	T047	C0012634
27446352	775	804	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	T047	C0002736
27446352	806	820	mood disorders	T048	C0525045
27446352	822	830	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27446352	835	841	glioma	T191	C0017638
27446352	851	858	editing	T045	C0162782
27446352	866	875	glutamine	T116,T121,T123	C0017797
27446352	878	886	arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27446352	899	926	AMPA receptor subunit GluA2	T116,T192	C0536483
27446352	930	936	glioma	T191	C0017638
27446352	964	969	ADAR2	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	970	980	expression	T045	C1171362
27446352	1050	1060	alteration	T078	C1515926
27446352	1068	1086	catalytic activity	T044	C0243102
27446352	1090	1095	ADAR2	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	1160	1166	review	T170	C0282443
27446352	1191	1201	literature	T170	C0023866
27446352	1213	1233	experimental results	T033	C2825142
27446352	1245	1250	ADAR2	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	1251	1271	alternative splicing	T045	C0002345
27446352	1300	1306	review	T170	C0282443
27446352	1385	1393	splicing	T045	C0035687
27446352	1406	1411	ADAR2	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	1427	1432	ADAR2	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	1433	1440	editing	T045	C0162782
27446352	1453	1459	glioma	T191	C0017638
27446352	1470	1480	expression	T045	C1171362
27446352	1484	1489	ADAR2	T116,T126	C0001457
27446352	1490	1498	splicing	T045	C0035687
27446352	1516	1531	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
27446352	1547	1558	RNA editing	T045	C0162782
27446352	1562	1575	GluA2 subunit	T116,T192	C0536483
27446352	1583	1592	glutamine	T116,T121,T123	C0017797
27446352	1595	1603	arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27446352	1612	1618	glioma	T191	C0017638

27446550|t|Heat-shock protein 60 of Porphyromonas gingivalis may induce dysfunction of human umbilical endothelial cells via regulation of endothelial-nitric oxide synthase and vascular endothelial-cadherin
27446550|a|Accumulating evidence has established that periodontitis was an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CAD). Porphyromonus gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major periodontal pathogen, has already been shown to have a significant role in the inflammatory response of CAD in vivo. The aim of the present study was to identify whether P. gingivalis heat-shock protein 60 (HSP60) induced the dysfunction of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. HUVECs were stimulated with a range of P. gingivalis HSP60 concentrations (1, 10 and 100 ng/l) at different time-points. The levels of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 (caspase-3) were measured using western blot analysis. The apoptotic rate of HUVECs was detected using flow cytometry. P. gingivalis HSP60 at a concentration of 10 ng/l significantly decreased the expression levels of VE-cadherin and eNOS protein at 24 h stimulation, whereas no difference in these proteins was identified following a low dose of P. gingivalis HSP60 (1 ng/l). P. gingivalis HSP60 at 100 ng/l significantly downregulated the expression levels of VE-cadherin and eNOS protein at 12 h in HUVECs. However, the cleavage of caspase-3 showed an opposing change at different concentrations. Consistently, P. gingivalis HSP60 induced apoptosis of HUVECs in a concentration - dependent manner. These results indicated that P. gingivalis HSP60 may induce dysfunction and apoptosis in HUVECs via downregulating the expression levels of VE-cadherin and eNOS, and promoting the cleavage of caspase-3.
27446550	0	21	Heat-shock protein 60	T116,T123	C0109272
27446550	25	49	Porphyromonas gingivalis	T007	C0085478
27446550	61	72	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27446550	76	109	human umbilical endothelial cells	T025	C3179121
27446550	114	124	regulation	T038	C1327622
27446550	128	161	endothelial-nitric oxide synthase	T116,T126	C0669365
27446550	166	195	vascular endothelial-cadherin	T116,T129	C0300423
27446550	239	252	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
27446550	272	283	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27446550	288	310	coronary heart disease	T047	C0010068
27446550	312	315	CAD	T047	C0010068
27446550	318	342	Porphyromonus gingivalis	T007	C0085478
27446550	344	357	P. gingivalis	T007	C0085478
27446550	368	379	periodontal	T080	C0332275
27446550	380	388	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27446550	447	468	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27446550	472	475	CAD	T047	C0010068
27446550	476	483	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27446550	508	513	study	T062	C2603343
27446550	538	551	P. gingivalis	T007	C0085478
27446550	552	573	heat-shock protein 60	T116,T123	C0109272
27446550	575	580	HSP60	T116,T123	C0109272
27446550	594	605	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27446550	609	647	human umbilical vein endothelial cells	T025	C3179121
27446550	649	655	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27446550	657	665	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27446550	667	673	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27446550	679	689	stimulated	T070	C1948023
27446550	706	719	P. gingivalis	T007	C0085478
27446550	720	725	HSP60	T116,T123	C0109272
27446550	726	740	concentrations	T081	C0392762
27446550	775	786	time-points	T079	C2348792
27446550	792	798	levels	T080	C0441889
27446550	802	836	vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin	T116,T129	C0300423
27446550	838	871	endothelial nitric oxide synthase	T116,T126	C0669365
27446550	873	877	eNOS	T116,T126	C0669365
27446550	883	922	cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27446550	924	933	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27446550	955	967	western blot	T059	C0949466
27446550	968	976	analysis	T062	C0936012
27446550	982	991	apoptotic	T043	C0162638
27446550	992	996	rate	T081	C1521828
27446550	1000	1006	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27446550	1026	1040	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27446550	1042	1055	P. gingivalis	T007	C0085478
27446550	1056	1061	HSP60	T116,T123	C0109272
27446550	1067	1080	concentration	T081	C0392762
27446550	1120	1130	expression	T045	C1171362
27446550	1131	1137	levels	T080	C0441889
27446550	1141	1152	VE-cadherin	T116,T129	C0300423
27446550	1157	1169	eNOS protein	T116,T126	C0669365
27446550	1176	1177	h	T079	C0439227
27446550	1178	1189	stimulation	T070	C1948023
27446550	1222	1230	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27446550	1258	1266	low dose	T081	C0445550
27446550	1270	1283	P. gingivalis	T007	C0085478
27446550	1284	1289	HSP60	T116,T123	C0109272
27446550	1300	1313	P. gingivalis	T007	C0085478
27446550	1314	1319	HSP60	T116,T123	C0109272
27446550	1346	1359	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27446550	1364	1374	expression	T045	C1171362
27446550	1375	1381	levels	T080	C0441889
27446550	1385	1396	VE-cadherin	T116,T129	C0300423
27446550	1401	1413	eNOS protein	T116,T126	C0669365
27446550	1425	1431	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27446550	1446	1454	cleavage	T067	C0596311
27446550	1458	1467	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27446550	1507	1521	concentrations	T081	C0392762
27446550	1537	1550	P. gingivalis	T007	C0085478
27446550	1551	1556	HSP60	T116,T123	C0109272
27446550	1565	1574	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27446550	1578	1584	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27446550	1590	1603	concentration	T081	C0392762
27446550	1606	1615	dependent	T169	C3244310
27446550	1630	1637	results	T169	C1274040
27446550	1653	1666	P. gingivalis	T007	C0085478
27446550	1667	1672	HSP60	T116,T123	C0109272
27446550	1684	1695	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27446550	1700	1709	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27446550	1713	1719	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27446550	1724	1738	downregulating	T044	C0013081
27446550	1743	1753	expression	T045	C1171362
27446550	1754	1760	levels	T080	C0441889
27446550	1764	1775	VE-cadherin	T116,T129	C0300423
27446550	1780	1784	eNOS	T116,T126	C0669365
27446550	1804	1812	cleavage	T067	C0596311
27446550	1816	1825	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573

27446579|t|A new marker for breast cancer diagnosis, human epididymis protein 4: A preliminary study
27446579|a|Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer type in women. Tumor markers have been widely used for assessing the treatment response and early diagnosis of recurrence. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is expressed in ductal carcinoma of the breast tissue; however, its serum levels and their diagnostic and prognostic potential in breast cancer have not been investigated, which was therefore the aim of the present study. The serum levels of HE4 were determined in 36 breast cancer patients, 11 ovarian cancer patients and 16 healthy volunteers. The association between clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer and serum HE4 levels was investigated. A significant difference in the median serum levels of HE4 was identified between breast cancer patients, ovarian cancer patients and healthy volunteers (P=0.013). The cutoff value for the prediction of breast cancer was determined at >13.24 pmol/l for HE4, with a sensitivity of 61.11%, specificity of 68.75%, positive predictive value of 81.48%, negative predictive value of 44.0% and accuracy of 63.46%. Furthermore, a positive correlation between the serum levels of HE4 and cancer antigen 15-3 was determined (r=0.399, P=0.026). To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to determine the diagnostic value of serum HE4 for breast cancer. A significant elevation of serum HE4 levels in patients with breast cancer compared with that in healthy controls was identified. HE4 may serve as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
27446579	6	12	marker	T201	C0005516
27446579	17	40	breast cancer diagnosis	T060	C0596224
27446579	42	68	human epididymis protein 4	T116	C2707001
27446579	72	83	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27446579	84	89	study	T062	C2603343
27446579	90	103	Breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27446579	127	136	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27446579	137	143	cancer	T191	C0006826
27446579	144	148	type	T080	C0332307
27446579	152	157	women	T098	C0043210
27446579	159	172	Tumor markers	T123	C0041365
27446579	199	208	assessing	T058	C0184514
27446579	213	231	treatment response	T201	C0521982
27446579	236	251	early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
27446579	255	265	recurrence	T191	C0920420
27446579	267	293	Human epididymis protein 4	T116	C2707001
27446579	295	298	HE4	T116	C2707001
27446579	303	312	expressed	T045	C1171362
27446579	316	353	ductal carcinoma of the breast tissue	T191	C1527349
27446579	368	373	serum	T031	C0229671
27446579	374	380	levels	T080	C0441889
27446579	391	401	diagnostic	T033	C0011900
27446579	406	416	prognostic	T201	C0420834
27446579	417	426	potential	T080	C3245505
27446579	430	443	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27446579	458	470	investigated	T169	C1292732
27446579	496	499	aim	T078	C1947946
27446579	507	514	present	T079	C0521116
27446579	515	520	study	T062	C2603343
27446579	526	531	serum	T031	C0229671
27446579	532	538	levels	T080	C0441889
27446579	542	545	HE4	T116	C2707001
27446579	551	561	determined	T059	C1148554
27446579	568	581	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27446579	582	590	patients	T101	C0030705
27446579	595	609	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27446579	610	618	patients	T101	C0030705
27446579	626	644	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27446579	650	661	association	T080	C0439849
27446579	670	689	clinicopathological	T169	C1521733
27446579	690	705	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27446579	709	722	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27446579	727	732	serum	T031	C0229671
27446579	733	736	HE4	T116	C2707001
27446579	737	743	levels	T080	C0441889
27446579	748	760	investigated	T169	C1292732
27446579	764	775	significant	T078	C0750502
27446579	776	786	difference	T081	C1705241
27446579	794	800	median	T081	C0876920
27446579	801	806	serum	T031	C0229671
27446579	807	813	levels	T080	C0441889
27446579	817	820	HE4	T116	C2707001
27446579	825	835	identified	T080	C0205396
27446579	844	857	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27446579	858	866	patients	T101	C0030705
27446579	868	882	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27446579	883	891	patients	T101	C0030705
27446579	896	914	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27446579	930	936	cutoff	T169	C1442160
27446579	937	942	value	T081	C1522609
27446579	951	961	prediction	T078	C0681842
27446579	965	978	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27446579	983	993	determined	T059	C1148554
27446579	1015	1018	HE4	T116	C2707001
27446579	1027	1038	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27446579	1050	1061	specificity	T081	C1511884
27446579	1073	1098	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
27446579	1110	1135	negative predictive value	T081	C1513918
27446579	1149	1157	accuracy	T080	C0598285
27446579	1184	1192	positive	T033	C1446409
27446579	1193	1204	correlation	T080	C1707520
27446579	1217	1222	serum	T031	C0229671
27446579	1223	1229	levels	T080	C0441889
27446579	1233	1236	HE4	T116	C2707001
27446579	1241	1255	cancer antigen	T109,T129	C0003341
27446579	1265	1275	determined	T059	C1148554
27446579	1315	1324	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27446579	1330	1337	present	T079	C0521116
27446579	1338	1343	study	T062	C2603343
27446579	1361	1370	determine	T059	C1148554
27446579	1375	1385	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27446579	1386	1391	value	T081	C1522609
27446579	1395	1400	serum	T031	C0229671
27446579	1401	1404	HE4	T116	C2707001
27446579	1409	1422	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27446579	1426	1437	significant	T078	C0750502
27446579	1438	1447	elevation	T082	C0702240
27446579	1451	1456	serum	T031	C0229671
27446579	1457	1460	HE4	T116	C2707001
27446579	1461	1467	levels	T080	C0441889
27446579	1471	1479	patients	T101	C0030705
27446579	1485	1498	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27446579	1499	1507	compared	T052	C1707455
27446579	1521	1528	healthy	T080	C3898900
27446579	1529	1537	controls	T096	C0009932
27446579	1542	1552	identified	T080	C0205396
27446579	1554	1557	HE4	T116	C2707001
27446579	1579	1588	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27446579	1597	1606	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27446579	1610	1623	breast cancer	T191	C0678222

27446852|t|Duodenal Villous Atrophy in a TTG - Negative Patient Taking Olmesartan: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
27446852|a|Olmesartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension, is associated with few adverse effects. Here, a case of severe sprue-like enteropathy and acute kidney injury is described in a 68-year-old male taking olmesartan for 3-4 years. He presented to hospital with a five-week history of diarrhea, vomiting, and a 20 lb weight loss. Anti-TTG was negative with a normal IgA. Biopsies of the distal duodenum and duodenal cap revealed marked blunting of the villi with near complete villous atrophy of the biopsies from the bulb. There was an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes as well as neutrophils in the surface epithelium. The patient's diarrhea improved upon discontinuation of olmesartan and he returned to his previous weight. Repeat endoscopy four months later demonstrated complete resolution of inflammatory change with normal villous architecture. Long-term olmesartan use is associated with severe sprue-like enteropathy. The mechanism of intestinal injury is unknown. Duodenal biopsy results may mimic other enteropathies such as celiac disease. Physicians should consider medications as potential etiologies of enteropathy.
27446852	0	24	Duodenal Villous Atrophy	T033	C2677378
27446852	30	33	TTG	T059	C2116871
27446852	36	44	Negative	T033	C0205160
27446852	45	52	Patient	T101	C0030705
27446852	60	70	Olmesartan	T109,T121	C1098320
27446852	74	85	Case Report	T170	C0085973
27446852	90	114	Review of the Literature	T170	C0282441
27446852	115	125	Olmesartan	T109,T121	C1098320
27446852	130	164	angiotensin II receptor antagonist	T121	C0521942
27446852	173	178	treat	T061	C0087111
27446852	179	191	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27446852	196	211	associated with	T080	C0332281
27446852	216	231	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27446852	249	255	severe	T080	C0205082
27446852	256	278	sprue-like enteropathy	T047	C0021831
27446852	283	302	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
27446852	333	337	male	T032	C0086582
27446852	345	355	olmesartan	T109,T121	C1098320
27446852	364	369	years	T079	C0439234
27446852	387	395	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27446852	413	420	history	T033	C0262926
27446852	424	432	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27446852	434	442	vomiting	T184	C0042963
27446852	456	467	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27446852	469	477	Anti-TTG	T033	C2673846
27446852	482	490	negative	T033	C0205160
27446852	498	504	normal	T080	C0205307
27446852	505	508	IgA	T116,T129	C0020835
27446852	510	518	Biopsies	T060	C0005558
27446852	526	541	distal duodenum	T023	C0013303
27446852	546	558	duodenal cap	T023	C1284424
27446852	575	583	blunting	T080	C1997138
27446852	591	596	villi	T023	C0227266
27446852	616	631	villous atrophy	T047	C0267456
27446852	639	647	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27446852	657	661	bulb	T023	C0227300
27446852	676	684	increase	T169	C0442805
27446852	688	703	intraepithelial	T082	C1512942
27446852	704	715	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
27446852	727	738	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27446852	746	764	surface epithelium	T029	C1182809
27446852	770	779	patient's	T101	C0030705
27446852	780	788	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27446852	789	797	improved	T033	C0184511
27446852	803	818	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
27446852	822	832	olmesartan	T109,T121	C1098320
27446852	865	871	weight	T032	C0005910
27446852	880	889	endoscopy	T060	C0014245
27446852	895	901	months	T079	C0439231
27446852	930	940	resolution	T046	C1514893
27446852	944	956	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27446852	957	963	change	T169	C0392747
27446852	969	975	normal	T080	C0205307
27446852	976	983	villous	T023	C0227266
27446852	998	1007	Long-term	T079	C0443252
27446852	1008	1018	olmesartan	T109,T121	C1098320
27446852	1026	1041	associated with	T080	C0332281
27446852	1042	1048	severe	T080	C0205082
27446852	1049	1071	sprue-like enteropathy	T047	C0021831
27446852	1077	1086	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27446852	1090	1107	intestinal injury	T037	C0564863
27446852	1120	1135	Duodenal biopsy	T060	C0399805
27446852	1160	1173	enteropathies	T047	C0021831
27446852	1182	1196	celiac disease	T047	C0007570
27446852	1198	1208	Physicians	T097	C0031831
27446852	1225	1236	medications	T058	C2081612
27446852	1240	1249	potential	T080	C3245505
27446852	1250	1260	etiologies	T169	C1314792
27446852	1264	1275	enteropathy	T047	C0021831

27446916|t|Personalized Medicine Approaches in Prostate Cancer Employing Patient Derived 3D Organoids and Humanized Mice
27446916|a|Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer death in Western men. Despite its prevalence, PCa has proven very difficult to propagate in vitro. PCa represents a complex organ-like multicellular structure maintained by the dynamic interaction of tumoral cells with parenchymal stroma, endothelial and immune cells, and components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The lack of PCa models that recapitulate this intricate system has hampered progress toward understanding disease progression and lackluster therapeutic responses. Tissue slices, monolayer cultures and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) fail to mimic the complexities of the PCa microenvironment or reproduce the diverse mechanisms of therapy resistance. Moreover, patient derived xenografts (PDXs) are expensive, time consuming, difficult to establish for prostate cancer, lack immune cell-tumor regulation, and often tumors undergo selective engraftments. Here, we describe an interdisciplinary approach using primary PCa and tumor initiating cells (TICs), three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering, genetic and morphometric profiling, and humanized mice to generate patient - derived organoids for examining personalized therapeutic responses in vitro and in mice co-engrafted with a human immune system (HIS), employing adaptive T-cell- and chimeric antigen receptor- (CAR) immunotherapy. The development of patient specific therapies targeting the vulnerabilities of cancer, when combined with antiproliferative and immunotherapy approaches could help to achieve the full transformative power of cancer precision medicine.
27446916	0	32	Personalized Medicine Approaches	T061	C2718059
27446916	36	51	Prostate Cancer	T191	C0600139
27446916	52	61	Employing	T169	C0457083
27446916	62	69	Patient	T101	C0030705
27446916	70	77	Derived	T080	C1441547
27446916	78	80	3D	T082	C0450363
27446916	81	90	Organoids	T024	C0029250
27446916	95	109	Humanized Mice	T015	C0025929
27446916	110	125	Prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27446916	127	130	PCa	T191	C0600139
27446916	144	150	common	T081	C0205214
27446916	151	161	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27446916	182	188	common	T081	C0205214
27446916	189	194	cause	T169	C0015127
27446916	198	210	cancer death	T081	C1516192
27446916	214	221	Western	T082	C1705493
27446916	222	225	men	T098	C0025266
27446916	251	254	PCa	T191	C0600139
27446916	271	280	difficult	T080	C0332218
27446916	294	302	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27446916	304	307	PCa	T191	C0600139
27446916	321	328	complex	T080	C0439855
27446916	329	339	organ-like	T023	C0178784
27446916	340	363	multicellular structure	T082	C0678594
27446916	364	374	maintained	T169	C1314677
27446916	382	389	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27446916	390	401	interaction	T169	C1704675
27446916	405	418	tumoral cells	T025	C0597032
27446916	424	442	parenchymal stroma	T025	C0682552
27446916	444	455	endothelial	T025	C0225336
27446916	460	472	immune cells	T025	C0312740
27446916	478	488	components	T026	C0243092
27446916	496	516	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27446916	518	521	ECM	T024	C0015350
27446916	528	532	lack	T080	C0332268
27446916	536	539	PCa	T191	C0600139
27446916	540	546	models	T050	C1516211
27446916	591	599	hampered	T079	C0205421
27446916	600	608	progress	T169	C1280477
27446916	616	629	understanding	T041	C0162340
27446916	630	649	disease progression	T046	C0242656
27446916	654	664	lackluster	T080	C0205222
27446916	665	686	therapeutic responses	T201	C0521982
27446916	688	701	Tissue slices	T062	C1519528
27446916	703	721	monolayer cultures	T059	C1510803
27446916	726	761	genetically engineered mouse models	T050	C1522222
27446916	763	767	GEMM	T050	C1522222
27446916	769	773	fail	T169	C0231175
27446916	787	799	complexities	T169	C0237523
27446916	807	810	PCa	T191	C0600139
27446916	845	852	diverse	T080	C1880371
27446916	853	863	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27446916	867	874	therapy	T061	C0087111
27446916	875	885	resistance	T169	C4281815
27446916	897	923	patient derived xenografts	T050	C4050317
27446916	925	929	PDXs	T050	C4050317
27446916	946	960	time consuming	T080	C3827829
27446916	962	971	difficult	T080	C0332218
27446916	975	984	establish	T080	C0443211
27446916	989	1004	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27446916	1006	1010	lack	T080	C0332268
27446916	1011	1039	immune cell-tumor regulation	T040	C1819849
27446916	1051	1057	tumors	T191	C0027651
27446916	1076	1088	engraftments	T039	C0301944
27446916	1111	1137	interdisciplinary approach	T061	C0870721
27446916	1144	1151	primary	T080	C0205225
27446916	1152	1155	PCa	T191	C0600139
27446916	1160	1182	tumor initiating cells	T025	C1956421
27446916	1184	1188	TICs	T025	C1956421
27446916	1191	1208	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27446916	1210	1212	3D	T082	C0450363
27446916	1214	1232	tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
27446916	1234	1241	genetic	T059	C2986505
27446916	1246	1268	morphometric profiling	T059	C0200760
27446916	1274	1288	humanized mice	T015	C0025929
27446916	1301	1308	patient	T101	C0030705
27446916	1311	1318	derived	T080	C1441547
27446916	1319	1328	organoids	T024	C0029250
27446916	1343	1355	personalized	T080	C1709510
27446916	1356	1377	therapeutic responses	T201	C0521982
27446916	1378	1386	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27446916	1394	1398	mice	T015	C0025929
27446916	1399	1411	co-engrafted	T169	C0700106
27446916	1419	1438	human immune system	T022	C0020962
27446916	1440	1443	HIS	T022	C0020962
27446916	1456	1464	adaptive	T169	C0231193
27446916	1465	1472	T-cell-	T025	C0039194
27446916	1477	1503	chimeric antigen receptor-	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27446916	1505	1508	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27446916	1510	1523	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083
27446916	1544	1551	patient	T101	C0030705
27446916	1552	1560	specific	T080	C0205369
27446916	1561	1570	therapies	T061	C0087111
27446916	1571	1580	targeting	T169	C1521840
27446916	1585	1600	vulnerabilities	T033	C1821973
27446916	1604	1610	cancer	T191	C0600139
27446916	1617	1625	combined	T080	C0205195
27446916	1631	1648	antiproliferative	T061	C0087111
27446916	1653	1666	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083
27446916	1667	1677	approaches	T061	C0087111
27446916	1709	1723	transformative	T169	C0205245
27446916	1724	1729	power	T081	C3854080
27446916	1733	1739	cancer	T191	C0600139
27446916	1740	1758	precision medicine	T061	C2718059

27447000|t|Effect of endodontic access cavity preparation on monolithic and ceramic veneered zirconia restorations
27447000|a|Due to the high chipping rates observed in veneered zirconia ceramic restorations, the use of monolithic zirconia restorations has been recommended. This study tried to compare veneered and monolithic zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with respect to the amount of damage induced by endodontic access preparation. Monolithic and ceramic veneered (n = 10) three-unit restorations (retainers: first premolar and first molar; pontic: second premolar) were subject to endodontic access cavity preparation in both retainers using a diamond rotary instrument under continuous water cooling. The number of chipping fractures and microfractures detected using the fluorescent penetrant method were recorded. Statistical analysis was based on Wilcoxon rank sum tests with Bonferroni correction (level of significance α = .05). Only one microfracture could be identified in the group of monolithic FDPs while a maximum of seven microfractures and three chipping fractures per retainer crown were recorded in the group of veneered restorations. At the premolar site, the veneered restorations showed significantly more microfractures (P = .0055) and chipping fractures (P = .0008). At the molar site, no significant difference with respect to microfractures could be detected (P = .0767), while significantly more chipping fractures occurred in the veneered samples (P = .0293). Monolithic zirconia restorations seem to be less susceptible to damage when endodontic access cavities have to be prepared as compared to veneered zirconia reconstructions. However, no conclusions can be drawn on the longterm performance of a specific restoration based on this study.
27447000	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27447000	10	46	endodontic access cavity preparation	T061	C0398979
27447000	50	60	monolithic	T080	C0205556
27447000	65	72	ceramic	T122	C0440171
27447000	73	81	veneered	T122	C0441364
27447000	82	90	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27447000	91	103	restorations	T061	C0399059
27447000	120	128	chipping	T037	C0332757
27447000	147	155	veneered	T122	C0441364
27447000	156	164	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27447000	165	172	ceramic	T122	C0440171
27447000	173	185	restorations	T061	C0399059
27447000	198	208	monolithic	T080	C0205556
27447000	209	217	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27447000	218	230	restorations	T061	C0399059
27447000	281	289	veneered	T122	C0441364
27447000	294	304	monolithic	T080	C0205556
27447000	305	313	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27447000	314	337	fixed dental prostheses	T074	C0182448
27447000	339	343	FDPs	T074	C0182448
27447000	375	381	damage	T169	C1883709
27447000	393	422	endodontic access preparation	T061	C0398979
27447000	424	434	Monolithic	T080	C0205556
27447000	439	446	ceramic	T122	C0440171
27447000	447	455	veneered	T122	C0441364
27447000	476	488	restorations	T061	C0399059
27447000	490	499	retainers	T074	C0242919
27447000	501	515	first premolar	T023	C1827002
27447000	520	531	first molar	T023	C0932487
27447000	533	539	pontic	T074	C0449934
27447000	541	556	second premolar	T023	C1827004
27447000	574	610	endodontic access cavity preparation	T061	C0398979
27447000	619	628	retainers	T074	C0242919
27447000	637	662	diamond rotary instrument	T074	C1738351
27447000	669	679	continuous	T078	C0549178
27447000	680	685	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27447000	686	693	cooling	T070	C0678568
27447000	709	727	chipping fractures	T037	C0332757
27447000	732	746	microfractures	T037	C1265651
27447000	766	794	fluorescent penetrant method	T059	C1318786
27447000	810	830	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27447000	844	867	Wilcoxon rank sum tests	T081	C0242928
27447000	873	894	Bonferroni correction	T081	C2347434
27447000	896	917	level of significance	T062	C0814896
27447000	937	950	microfracture	T037	C1265651
27447000	987	997	monolithic	T080	C0205556
27447000	998	1002	FDPs	T074	C0182448
27447000	1028	1042	microfractures	T037	C1265651
27447000	1053	1071	chipping fractures	T037	C0332757
27447000	1076	1090	retainer crown	T074	C0812679
27447000	1121	1129	veneered	T122	C0441364
27447000	1130	1142	restorations	T061	C0399059
27447000	1170	1178	veneered	T122	C0441364
27447000	1179	1191	restorations	T061	C0399059
27447000	1218	1232	microfractures	T037	C1265651
27447000	1249	1267	chipping fractures	T037	C0332757
27447000	1288	1298	molar site	T023	C0026367
27447000	1300	1325	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
27447000	1342	1356	microfractures	T037	C1265651
27447000	1413	1431	chipping fractures	T037	C0332757
27447000	1448	1456	veneered	T122	C0441364
27447000	1478	1488	Monolithic	T080	C0205556
27447000	1489	1497	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27447000	1498	1510	restorations	T061	C0399059
27447000	1527	1538	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27447000	1542	1548	damage	T169	C1883709
27447000	1554	1580	endodontic access cavities	T061	C0398979
27447000	1616	1624	veneered	T122	C0441364
27447000	1625	1633	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27447000	1634	1649	reconstructions	T061	C0399059
27447000	1695	1715	longterm performance	T067	C0023983
27447000	1730	1741	restoration	T061	C0399059

27447421|t|The relationship between hemorheological parameters and mortality in critically ill patients with and without sepsis
27447421|a|The prognostic scoring systems for mortality of intensive care patients estimate clinical outcome using several physiological and biochemical parameters. In altered hemodynamic conditions of critically ill patients, hemorheological variables may play a significant role in appropriate tissue perfusion. We investigated if hemorheological parameters are altered in critical status and if they could be markers of mortality. 112 patients (67.8 ± 12 years, 58 males, 54 females) treated in intensive care unit with different non-surgical diseases were investigated. Routine laboratory parameters and prognostic scores were determined and hemorheological variables (hematocrit, plasma and whole blood viscosity, red blood cell aggregation and deformability) were measured on the 1st and the 2nd day after admission. ICU scores predicted 35.2-41.3% mortality rate, real mortality in intensive care unit was 37.5%, while 30-day mortality was 46.6%. Whole blood viscosity (WBV) and red blood cell (RBC) deformability were lower, red blood cell aggregation was higher in septic than in nonseptic patients (p < 0.05). In septic patients calcium was increased, osmolality was decreased, while in nonseptic patients WBV and RBC aggregation were higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (p < 0.05). Worsening of RBC deformability from day 1 to day 2 predicted higher mortality (p < 0.05). Calcium and osmolality level were associated with outcome in sepsis. Whole blood viscosity, red blood cell aggregation and change in red blood cell deformability could predict mortality in nonseptic patients and they may add prognostic information over the ICU scores. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the benefit of our findings in clinical practice.
27447421	4	16	relationship	T080	C0439849
27447421	25	40	hemorheological	T039	C0206502
27447421	41	51	parameters	T033	C0449381
27447421	56	65	mortality	T081	C0178686
27447421	69	83	critically ill	T047	C0010340
27447421	84	92	patients	T101	C0030705
27447421	110	116	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27447421	121	131	prognostic	T058	C0033325
27447421	132	147	scoring systems	T170	C0282574
27447421	152	161	mortality	T081	C0178686
27447421	165	179	intensive care	T058	C0085559
27447421	180	188	patients	T101	C0030705
27447421	189	197	estimate	T081	C0750572
27447421	198	214	clinical outcome	T033	C0243095
27447421	229	242	physiological	T169	C0205463
27447421	247	258	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27447421	259	269	parameters	T033	C0449381
27447421	282	293	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27447421	294	304	conditions	T080	C0348080
27447421	308	322	critically ill	T047	C0010340
27447421	323	331	patients	T101	C0030705
27447421	333	348	hemorheological	T039	C0206502
27447421	349	358	variables	T059	C1134627
27447421	402	408	tissue	T024	C0040300
27447421	409	418	perfusion	T061	C0031001
27447421	423	435	investigated	T169	C1292732
27447421	439	454	hemorheological	T039	C0206502
27447421	455	465	parameters	T033	C0449381
27447421	481	496	critical status	T033	C0184770
27447421	518	525	markers	T201	C0005516
27447421	529	538	mortality	T081	C0178686
27447421	544	552	patients	T101	C0030705
27447421	564	569	years	T079	C0439234
27447421	574	579	males	T032	C0086582
27447421	584	591	females	T032	C0086287
27447421	593	600	treated	T169	C1522326
27447421	604	623	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27447421	639	651	non-surgical	T169	C1518388
27447421	652	660	diseases	T047	C0012634
27447421	666	678	investigated	T169	C1292732
27447421	688	709	laboratory parameters	T059	C0022885
27447421	714	731	prognostic scores	T081	C0449821
27447421	752	767	hemorheological	T039	C0206502
27447421	768	777	variables	T059	C1134627
27447421	779	789	hematocrit	T033	C0518014
27447421	791	797	plasma	T031	C0032105
27447421	802	813	whole blood	T031	C0370231
27447421	814	823	viscosity	T070	C0042784
27447421	825	839	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
27447421	840	851	aggregation	T043	C0007580
27447421	856	869	deformability	T043	C0014774
27447421	876	884	measured	T080	C0444706
27447421	918	927	admission	T058	C0184666
27447421	929	939	ICU scores	T081	C0392762
27447421	961	975	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27447421	982	991	mortality	T081	C0178686
27447421	995	1014	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27447421	1039	1048	mortality	T081	C0178686
27447421	1060	1081	Whole blood viscosity	T034	C1261453
27447421	1083	1086	WBV	T034	C1261453
27447421	1092	1126	red blood cell (RBC) deformability	T043	C0014774
27447421	1139	1153	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
27447421	1154	1165	aggregation	T043	C0007580
27447421	1170	1176	higher	T080	C0205250
27447421	1180	1186	septic	T169	C0333534
27447421	1195	1204	nonseptic	T169	C3496294
27447421	1205	1213	patients	T101	C0030705
27447421	1229	1235	septic	T047	C0243026
27447421	1236	1244	patients	T101	C0030705
27447421	1245	1252	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27447421	1257	1266	increased	T081	C0205217
27447421	1268	1278	osmolality	T201	C0086741
27447421	1283	1292	decreased	T081	C0205216
27447421	1313	1321	patients	T101	C0030705
27447421	1322	1325	WBV	T034	C1261453
27447421	1330	1333	RBC	T025	C0014792
27447421	1334	1345	aggregation	T043	C0007580
27447421	1351	1357	higher	T080	C0205250
27447421	1361	1373	nonsurvivors	T098	C1257890
27447421	1386	1395	survivors	T101	C0206194
27447421	1408	1417	Worsening	T080	C0332271
27447421	1421	1424	RBC	T025	C0014792
27447421	1425	1438	deformability	T043	C0014774
27447421	1469	1475	higher	T080	C0205250
27447421	1476	1485	mortality	T081	C0178686
27447421	1498	1505	Calcium	T059	C0201925
27447421	1510	1526	osmolality level	T034	C0428311
27447421	1532	1547	associated with	T080	C0332281
27447421	1559	1565	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27447421	1567	1578	Whole blood	T031	C0370231
27447421	1579	1588	viscosity	T070	C0042784
27447421	1590	1604	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
27447421	1605	1616	aggregation	T043	C0007580
27447421	1631	1645	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
27447421	1646	1659	deformability	T043	C0014774
27447421	1674	1683	mortality	T081	C0178686
27447421	1687	1696	nonseptic	T169	C3496294
27447421	1697	1705	patients	T101	C0030705
27447421	1723	1733	prognostic	T058	C0033325
27447421	1734	1745	information	T078	C1533716
27447421	1755	1765	ICU scores	T081	C0392762
27447421	1775	1789	investigations	T058	C0220825
27447421	1804	1812	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27447421	1832	1840	findings	T033	C0243095
27447421	1844	1861	clinical practice	T057	C0205897

27447713|t|2,8-Dihydroxyadenine Nephropathy Identified as Cause of End-Stage Renal Disease After Renal Transplant
27447713|a|Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of uric acid metabolism that leads to formation and excretion of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine into urine. The low solubility of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine results in precipitation and formation of urinary crystals and renal stones. Patients with this disorder usually have recurrent nephrolithiasis and can develop nephropathy secondary to crystal precipitation in the renal parenchyma. The disease is most often underdiagnosed and can recur in renal transplant, causing graft failure. Lack of specific clinical manifestations, chemical and radiologic features identical to those shown with uric acid stones, and lack of awareness among clinicians are among the causes for the underdiagnoses of this treatable disease. Allopurinol, a xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor, is the mainstay of treatment, supported by high fluid intake and dietary modifications. The possibility of adenine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency should be considered in all cases of urolithiasis in children, patients with recurrent urolithiasis, and patients with urolithiasis associated with renal failure of unknown cause, including patients with end-stage renal disease and renal transplant recipients. Here, we report a case of a 41-year-old female patient who had a late diagnosis of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine nephropathy -induced end-stage renal disease, made on the native nephrectomy that accompanied the renal transplant, and who had a timely intervention that prevented recurrence in the graft.
27447713	0	20	2,8-Dihydroxyadenine	T114,T123	C0045643
27447713	21	32	Nephropathy	T047	C0022658
27447713	47	52	Cause	T169	C0015127
27447713	56	79	End-Stage Renal Disease	T047	C0022661
27447713	86	102	Renal Transplant	T061	C0022671
27447713	103	136	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	T116,T126	C0001414
27447713	103	147	Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency	T047	C0268120
27447713	158	186	autosomal recessive disorder	T047	C3899988
27447713	190	199	uric acid	T109,T123	C0041980
27447713	200	210	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27447713	225	234	formation	T169	C1522492
27447713	239	248	excretion	T039	C0221102
27447713	252	272	2,8-dihydroxyadenine	T114,T123	C0045643
27447713	278	283	urine	T031	C0042036
27447713	293	303	solubility	T080	C0037628
27447713	307	327	2,8-dihydroxyadenine	T114,T123	C0045643
27447713	339	352	precipitation	T070	C0032931
27447713	357	366	formation	T169	C1522492
27447713	370	386	urinary crystals	T034	C0151579
27447713	391	403	renal stones	T047	C0022650
27447713	405	413	Patients	T101	C0030705
27447713	424	432	disorder	T047	C0012634
27447713	446	471	recurrent nephrolithiasis	T047	C1737262
27447713	488	509	nephropathy secondary	T047	C4288763
27447713	513	520	crystal	T031	C1533132
27447713	521	534	precipitation	T070	C0032931
27447713	542	558	renal parenchyma	T023	C0227628
27447713	564	571	disease	T047	C0012634
27447713	586	600	underdiagnosed	T033	C0243095
27447713	609	614	recur	T067	C0034897
27447713	618	634	renal transplant	T061	C0022671
27447713	636	643	causing	T169	C0015127
27447713	644	657	graft failure	T046	C1262018
27447713	676	684	clinical	T080	C0205210
27447713	685	699	manifestations	T169	C0205319
27447713	701	709	chemical	T070	C0243178
27447713	714	733	radiologic features	T033	C1948139
27447713	764	773	uric acid	T109,T123	C0041980
27447713	764	780	uric acid stones	T031	C0006736
27447713	786	803	lack of awareness	T033	C0589402
27447713	810	820	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27447713	835	841	causes	T169	C0015127
27447713	850	864	underdiagnoses	T033	C0243095
27447713	873	882	treatable	T169	C1522326
27447713	883	890	disease	T047	C0012634
27447713	892	903	Allopurinol	T109,T121	C0002144
27447713	907	929	xanthine dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0043316
27447713	930	939	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27447713	960	969	treatment	T169	C0039798
27447713	989	1001	fluid intake	T201	C0429791
27447713	1006	1027	dietary modifications	T061	C0086153
27447713	1048	1082	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	T116,T126	C0001414
27447713	1048	1093	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase deficiency	T047	C0268120
27447713	1131	1143	urolithiasis	T047	C0451641
27447713	1147	1155	children	T100	C0008059
27447713	1157	1165	patients	T101	C0030705
27447713	1171	1193	recurrent urolithiasis	UnknownType	C0750009
27447713	1199	1207	patients	T101	C0030705
27447713	1213	1225	urolithiasis	T047	C0451641
27447713	1226	1241	associated with	T080	C0332281
27447713	1242	1255	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27447713	1267	1272	cause	T169	C0015127
27447713	1284	1292	patients	T101	C0030705
27447713	1298	1321	end-stage renal disease	T047	C0022661
27447713	1326	1353	renal transplant recipients	T101	C0376387
27447713	1395	1409	female patient	T032	C0150905
27447713	1420	1434	late diagnosis	T080	C2718037
27447713	1438	1458	2,8-dihydroxyadenine	T114,T123	C0045643
27447713	1459	1470	nephropathy	T047	C0022658
27447713	1480	1503	end-stage renal disease	T047	C0022661
27447713	1517	1523	native	T169	C0302891
27447713	1524	1535	nephrectomy	T061	C0027695
27447713	1557	1573	renal transplant	T061	C0022671
27447713	1614	1623	prevented	T080	C1456501
27447713	1624	1634	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27447713	1642	1647	graft	T061	C0022671

27447827|t|Effect of Low - Dose MDCT and Iterative Reconstruction on Trabecular Bone Microstructure Assessment
27447827|a|We investigated the effects of low - dose multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) in combination with statistical iterative reconstruction algorithms on trabecular bone microstructure parameters. Twelve donated vertebrae were scanned with the routine radiation exposure used in our department (standard-dose) and a low - dose protocol. Reconstructions were performed with filtered backprojection (FBP) and maximum-likelihood based statistical iterative reconstruction (SIR). Trabecular bone microstructure parameters were assessed and statistically compared for each reconstruction. Moreover, fracture loads of the vertebrae were biomechanically determined and correlated to the assessed microstructure parameters. Trabecular bone microstructure parameters based on low - dose MDCT and SIR significantly correlated with vertebral bone strength. There was no significant difference between microstructure parameters calculated on low - dose SIR and standard - dose FBP images. However, the results revealed a strong dependency on the regularization strength applied during SIR. It was observed that stronger regularization might corrupt the microstructure analysis, because the trabecular structure is a very small detail that might get lost during the regularization process. As a consequence, the introduction of SIR for trabecular bone microstructure analysis requires a specific optimization of the regularization parameters. Moreover, in comparison to other approaches, superior noise - resolution trade-offs can be found with the proposed methods.
27447827	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27447827	10	13	Low	T080	C0205251
27447827	16	20	Dose	T081	C0034524
27447827	21	25	MDCT	T060	C0040405
27447827	30	54	Iterative Reconstruction	T060	C2986769
27447827	58	73	Trabecular Bone	T024	C0222660
27447827	74	88	Microstructure	T082	C0678594
27447827	89	99	Assessment	T052	C1516048
27447827	103	115	investigated	T169	C1292732
27447827	120	130	effects of	T080	C1704420
27447827	131	134	low	T080	C0205251
27447827	137	141	dose	T081	C0034524
27447827	142	176	multi detector computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27447827	178	182	MDCT	T060	C0040405
27447827	187	198	combination	T080	C0205195
27447827	204	240	statistical iterative reconstruction	T060	C2986769
27447827	241	251	algorithms	T170	C0002045
27447827	255	270	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
27447827	271	285	microstructure	T082	C0678594
27447827	286	296	parameters	T077	C0549193
27447827	298	304	Twelve	T081	C0205458
27447827	305	312	donated	T058	C3854058
27447827	313	322	vertebrae	T023	C0549207
27447827	328	335	scanned	T060	C0441633
27447827	345	352	routine	T080	C0205547
27447827	353	371	radiation exposure	T060	C1313941
27447827	384	394	department	T092	C1704729
27447827	396	409	standard-dose	T081	C0034524
27447827	417	420	low	T080	C0205251
27447827	423	427	dose	T081	C0034524
27447827	428	436	protocol	T061	C0040808
27447827	438	453	Reconstructions	T061	C0524865
27447827	459	468	performed	T169	C0884358
27447827	474	497	filtered backprojection	T060	C2986750
27447827	499	502	FBP	T060	C2986750
27447827	508	526	maximum-likelihood	T062	C0870863
27447827	533	569	statistical iterative reconstruction	T060	C2986769
27447827	571	574	SIR	T060	C2986769
27447827	577	592	Trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
27447827	593	607	microstructure	T082	C0678594
27447827	608	618	parameters	T077	C0549193
27447827	624	632	assessed	T052	C1516048
27447827	637	650	statistically	T090	C0038215
27447827	651	659	compared	T052	C1707455
27447827	669	683	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27447827	695	709	fracture loads	T037	C0016658
27447827	717	726	vertebrae	T023	C0549207
27447827	732	747	biomechanically	T060	C0846602
27447827	763	773	correlated	T080	C1707520
27447827	781	789	assessed	T052	C1516048
27447827	790	804	microstructure	T082	C0678594
27447827	805	815	parameters	T077	C0549193
27447827	817	832	Trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
27447827	833	847	microstructure	T082	C0678594
27447827	848	858	parameters	T077	C0549193
27447827	868	871	low	T080	C0205251
27447827	874	878	dose	T081	C0034524
27447827	879	883	MDCT	T060	C0040405
27447827	888	891	SIR	T060	C2986769
27447827	906	916	correlated	T080	C1707520
27447827	922	936	vertebral bone	T023	C0549207
27447827	937	945	strength	T081	C0237897
27447827	957	971	no significant	T033	C0243095
27447827	991	1005	microstructure	T082	C0678594
27447827	1006	1016	parameters	T077	C0549193
27447827	1031	1034	low	T080	C0205251
27447827	1037	1041	dose	T081	C0034524
27447827	1042	1045	SIR	T060	C2986769
27447827	1050	1058	standard	T080	C1442989
27447827	1061	1065	dose	T081	C0034524
27447827	1066	1069	FBP	T060	C2986750
27447827	1070	1076	images	T170	C1704254
27447827	1099	1107	revealed	T080	C0443289
27447827	1110	1116	strong	T080	C0442821
27447827	1117	1127	dependency	T080	C1701901
27447827	1135	1149	regularization	T067	C1522240
27447827	1150	1158	strength	T078	C0808080
27447827	1174	1177	SIR	T060	C2986769
27447827	1200	1208	stronger	T080	C0442821
27447827	1209	1223	regularization	T067	C1522240
27447827	1230	1237	corrupt	T169	C1883709
27447827	1242	1256	microstructure	T082	C0678594
27447827	1257	1265	analysis	T169	C1524024
27447827	1279	1289	trabecular	T024	C0222660
27447827	1290	1299	structure	T082	C0678594
27447827	1305	1309	very	T080	C0442824
27447827	1310	1315	small	T081	C0700321
27447827	1338	1342	lost	T169	C0745777
27447827	1354	1376	regularization process	T067	C1522240
27447827	1383	1394	consequence	T169	C0686907
27447827	1400	1412	introduction	T169	C0579004
27447827	1416	1419	SIR	T060	C2986769
27447827	1424	1439	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
27447827	1440	1454	microstructure	T082	C0678594
27447827	1455	1463	analysis	T169	C1524024
27447827	1475	1483	specific	T080	C0205369
27447827	1484	1496	optimization	T052	C2698650
27447827	1504	1518	regularization	T067	C1522240
27447827	1519	1529	parameters	T077	C0549193
27447827	1544	1554	comparison	T052	C1707455
27447827	1564	1574	approaches	T169	C1292724
27447827	1576	1584	superior	T080	C0205250
27447827	1585	1590	noise	T067	C0028263
27447827	1593	1603	resolution	T077	C2699488
27447827	1604	1614	trade-offs	T080	C0205556
27447827	1637	1645	proposed	T080	C1553874
27447827	1646	1653	methods	T170	C0025663

27449022|t|Social capital and healthy ageing in Indonesia
27449022|a|A large international literature has found a positive association between social capital and measures of physical and mental health. However, there is a paucity of research on the links between social capital and healthy ageing in a developing country environment, where universal social security coverage is absent and health infrastructure is poor. In this paper, we develop and empirically test a model of the linkages between social capital and the health outcomes for older adults in Indonesia, using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-East (IFLS-East), conducted in 2012. Using multivariate regression analysis, we examine whether social capital plays a role in mitigating poor health among older individuals aged 50 years and above in Indonesia 's most vulnerable provinces. We test the robustness of these social capital variables across different health measures (self-assessed health, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), measures of chronic illness and mental health measures), as well as across different demographic groups, after controlling for an array of socio-economic, demographic and geographic characteristics. Our findings show that access to better social capital (using measures of neighbourhood trust and community participation) is associated with a higher degree of physical mobility, independence, and mental well-being among older individuals but has no influence on chronic illnesses. These results are consistent when we estimate samples disaggregated by gender, rural / urban residence, and by age categories. From a policy perspective these results point to the importance of social capital measures in moderating the influence of poor health, particularly in the Activities of Daily Living.
27449022	0	14	Social capital	T169	C1510639
27449022	19	26	healthy	T080	C3898900
27449022	27	33	ageing	T040	C0001811
27449022	37	46	Indonesia	T083	C0021247
27449022	49	54	large	T081	C0549177
27449022	55	68	international	T078	C1512888
27449022	69	79	literature	T170	C0023866
27449022	92	100	positive	T033	C1446409
27449022	101	112	association	T080	C0439849
27449022	121	135	social capital	T169	C1510639
27449022	140	148	measures	T081	C0079809
27449022	152	160	physical	T033	C0517226
27449022	165	178	mental health	T041	C0025353
27449022	211	219	research	T062	C0035168
27449022	227	232	links	T080	C0439849
27449022	241	255	social capital	T169	C1510639
27449022	260	267	healthy	T080	C3898900
27449022	268	274	ageing	T040	C0001811
27449022	280	298	developing country	T080	C0011750
27449022	299	310	environment	T082	C0014406
27449022	318	352	universal social security coverage	T064	C0037435
27449022	356	362	absent	T169	C0332197
27449022	367	388	health infrastructure	T078	C0018684
27449022	392	396	poor	T080	C0542537
27449022	440	444	test	T169	C0039593
27449022	447	452	model	T170	C3161035
27449022	460	468	linkages	T185	C0332280
27449022	477	491	social capital	T169	C1510639
27449022	500	515	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27449022	520	532	older adults	T098	C0001792
27449022	536	545	Indonesia	T083	C0021247
27449022	553	557	data	T078	C1511726
27449022	567	601	Indonesian Family Life Survey-East	T170	C0038951
27449022	603	612	IFLS-East	T170	C0038951
27449022	640	672	multivariate regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27449022	693	707	social capital	T169	C1510639
27449022	716	720	role	T077	C1705810
27449022	724	734	mitigating	T080	C0205556
27449022	735	746	poor health	T033	C0683321
27449022	753	758	older	T098	C0001792
27449022	759	770	individuals	T098	C0237401
27449022	771	775	aged	T032	C0001779
27449022	779	784	years	T079	C0439234
27449022	798	807	Indonesia	T083	C0021247
27449022	816	836	vulnerable provinces	T083	C1514578
27449022	841	845	test	T169	C0039593
27449022	850	860	robustness	T080	C2986815
27449022	870	884	social capital	T169	C1510639
27449022	885	894	variables	T080	C0439828
27449022	912	918	health	T078	C0018684
27449022	919	927	measures	T081	C0079809
27449022	929	942	self-assessed	T052	C1516048
27449022	943	949	health	T078	C0018684
27449022	951	977	Activities of Daily Living	T056	C0001288
27449022	979	982	ADL	T056	C0001288
27449022	985	993	measures	T081	C0079809
27449022	997	1012	chronic illness	T047	C0008679
27449022	1017	1030	mental health	T041	C0025353
27449022	1031	1039	measures	T081	C0079809
27449022	1070	1081	demographic	T090	C0011298
27449022	1082	1088	groups	T078	C0441833
27449022	1096	1107	controlling	T169	C2587213
27449022	1115	1120	array	T082	C1510941
27449022	1124	1138	socio-economic	T080	C0086996
27449022	1140	1151	demographic	T090	C0011298
27449022	1156	1166	geographic	T082	C1517526
27449022	1167	1182	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27449022	1188	1196	findings	T033	C0243095
27449022	1207	1213	access	T082	C0444454
27449022	1224	1238	social capital	T169	C1510639
27449022	1246	1254	measures	T081	C0079809
27449022	1258	1271	neighbourhood	T098	C1553702
27449022	1272	1277	trust	T054	C0237935
27449022	1282	1305	community participation	T054	C0009476
27449022	1310	1325	associated with	T080	C0332281
27449022	1328	1334	higher	T080	C0205250
27449022	1335	1341	degree	T081	C0449286
27449022	1345	1362	physical mobility	T040	C0871081
27449022	1364	1376	independence	T078	C0085862
27449022	1382	1399	mental well-being	T041	C0025353
27449022	1406	1411	older	T098	C0001792
27449022	1412	1423	individuals	T098	C0237401
27449022	1435	1444	influence	T077	C4054723
27449022	1448	1465	chronic illnesses	T047	C0008679
27449022	1473	1480	results	T169	C1274040
27449022	1485	1495	consistent	T078	C0332290
27449022	1504	1512	estimate	T081	C0750572
27449022	1513	1520	samples	T096	C0681850
27449022	1538	1544	gender	T032	C0079399
27449022	1546	1551	rural	T033	C0240919
27449022	1554	1559	urban	T080	C2700386
27449022	1560	1569	residence	T082	C0237096
27449022	1578	1581	age	T032	C0001779
27449022	1582	1592	categories	T170	C0683312
27449022	1601	1607	policy	T170	C0242456
27449022	1626	1633	results	T169	C1274040
27449022	1661	1675	social capital	T169	C1510639
27449022	1676	1684	measures	T169	C1879489
27449022	1688	1698	moderating	T080	C1881878
27449022	1703	1712	influence	T077	C4054723
27449022	1716	1727	poor health	T033	C0683321
27449022	1749	1775	Activities of Daily Living	T056	C0001288

27449508|t|Modulation of Interleukins in Sepsis - Associated Clotting Disorders: Interplay With Hemostatic Derangement
27449508|a|Interleukins play a central role in the immune system and are involved in a variety of immunological, inflammatory, and infectious disease states including sepsis syndrome. Levels of interleukins may correlate with overall survival and may directly or indirectly affect some of the regulators of coagulation and fibrinolysis, thereby disrupting hemostasis and thrombosis. Our hypothesis is that in sepsis-associated coagulopathies (SACs), interleukins may be upregulated, leading to hemostatic imbalance by generating thrombogenic mediators. We profiled the levels of interleukins IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in addition to d-dimer (DD) in patients with SAC and in normal donors. We observed the highest increase in interleukins IL-6 (322-fold), IL-8 (48-fold), IL-10 (72-fold), and DD (18-fold). This suggests that interleukins such as IL-6 and IL-10 have a close association with coagulopathy and fibrinolytic dysregulation in sepsis and can be considered as candidates for potential therapeutic targets in SAC.
27449508	0	10	Modulation	T082	C0443264
27449508	14	26	Interleukins	T116,T129	C0021764
27449508	30	36	Sepsis	T047	C0036690
27449508	39	49	Associated	T080	C0332281
27449508	50	68	Clotting Disorders	T047	C0005779
27449508	85	107	Hemostatic Derangement	T047	C0005779
27449508	108	120	Interleukins	T116,T129	C0021764
27449508	128	135	central	T082	C0205099
27449508	136	140	role	T077	C1705810
27449508	148	161	immune system	T022	C0020962
27449508	170	178	involved	T169	C1314939
27449508	195	208	immunological	T047	C0021053
27449508	210	222	inflammatory	T047	C1290884
27449508	228	246	infectious disease	T047	C0009450
27449508	247	253	states	T169	C1442792
27449508	264	279	sepsis syndrome	T047	C0036690
27449508	281	287	Levels	T080	C0441889
27449508	291	303	interleukins	T116,T129	C0021764
27449508	308	317	correlate	T080	C1707520
27449508	323	339	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27449508	348	356	directly	T080	C1947931
27449508	360	370	indirectly	T080	C0439852
27449508	371	377	affect	T041	C0001721
27449508	390	400	regulators	T121,T129	C0005525
27449508	404	415	coagulation	T042	C0005778
27449508	420	432	fibrinolysis	T039	C0016017
27449508	453	463	hemostasis	T042	C0019116
27449508	468	478	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27449508	484	494	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27449508	506	538	sepsis-associated coagulopathies	T047	C0005779
27449508	540	544	SACs	T047	C0005779
27449508	547	559	interleukins	T116,T129	C0021764
27449508	567	578	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27449508	591	611	hemostatic imbalance	T047	C0005779
27449508	626	648	thrombogenic mediators	T123	C0574031
27449508	653	661	profiled	T169	C2003903
27449508	666	672	levels	T080	C0441889
27449508	676	688	interleukins	T116,T129	C0021764
27449508	689	694	IL-1α	T116,T123	C0600251
27449508	696	701	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27449508	703	707	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27449508	709	713	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27449508	715	719	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27449508	721	725	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
27449508	731	736	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27449508	737	751	in addition to	T169	C0332287
27449508	752	759	d-dimer	T116,T123	C0060323
27449508	761	763	DD	T116,T123	C0060323
27449508	768	776	patients	T101	C0030705
27449508	782	785	SAC	T047	C0005779
27449508	793	799	normal	T080	C0205307
27449508	800	806	donors	T098	C0005795
27449508	811	819	observed	T169	C1441672
27449508	824	831	highest	T080	C1522410
27449508	832	840	increase	T169	C0442805
27449508	844	856	interleukins	T116,T129	C0021764
27449508	857	861	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27449508	863	871	322-fold	T081	C1880833
27449508	874	878	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
27449508	880	887	48-fold	T081	C1880833
27449508	890	895	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27449508	897	904	72-fold	T081	C1880833
27449508	911	913	DD	T116,T123	C0060323
27449508	915	922	18-fold	T081	C1880833
27449508	930	938	suggests	T078	C1705535
27449508	944	956	interleukins	T116,T129	C0021764
27449508	965	969	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27449508	974	979	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27449508	993	1009	association with	T080	C0332281
27449508	1010	1022	coagulopathy	T047	C0005779
27449508	1027	1053	fibrinolytic dysregulation	UnknownType	C0543673
27449508	1057	1063	sepsis	T047	C0036690
27449508	1075	1085	considered	T078	C0750591
27449508	1089	1099	candidates	T116,T129	C0021764
27449508	1104	1113	potential	T080	C3245505
27449508	1114	1125	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27449508	1126	1133	targets	T169	C1521840
27449508	1137	1140	SAC	T047	C0005779

27449676|t|Fine - scale spatial genetic structure of a fungal parasite of coffee scale insects
27449676|a|The entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium lecanii persists in a highly dynamic network of habitat patches (i.e., a metapopulation) formed by its primary host, the green coffee scale Coccus viridis. Lecanicillium lecanii is an important biological control of both C. viridis and the coffee rust, Hemileia vastatrix. Successfully managing this biocontrol agent will depend on an increased understanding of the characteristics of its dispersal, as migration between occupied and unoccupied patches is essential for the persistence of this metapopulation. In the present study, we employ a population genetics approach, and show that in our study system, a coffee farm in the Soconusco region of southern Mexico, L. lecanii is characterized by clear spatial genetic structure among plots within the farm but a lack of apparent structure at smaller scales. This is consistent with dispersal dominated by highly localized transport, such as by insects or rain splash, and less dependence on longer distance dispersal such as wind transport. The study site was dominated by a few multi-locus microsatellite genotypes, and their identities and large - scale locations persist across both study years, suggesting that local epizootics (outbreaks) are initiated each wet season by residual propagules from the previous wet season, and not by long - distance transport of propagules from other sites. The index of association, a measure of linkage disequilibrium, indicates that epizootics are primarily driven by asexual, clonal reproduction, which is consistent with the apparent lack of a teleomorph in the study site and the presence of only a single mating type across the site (MAT-1-2-1). Although the same predominant clonal genotypes were found across years, a drastic difference in genotypic diversity was witnessed across two sites between the two years, suggesting that interclonal selection was occurring. In light of the dispersal limitation of L. lecanii, spatial structure may be an essential axis of management to ensure the persistence of L. lecanii and preserve the ecosystem services provided by this versatile biocontrol agent in this and similar coffee farms.
27449676	0	4	Fine	T080	C0205232
27449676	7	12	scale	T052	C1947916
27449676	13	20	spatial	T082	C1254362
27449676	21	38	genetic structure	T028	C1136352
27449676	44	50	fungal	T004	C0016832
27449676	51	59	parasite	T204	C0030498
27449676	63	83	coffee scale insects	T204	C0021585
27449676	88	111	entomopathogenic fungus	T004	C0016832
27449676	112	133	Lecanicillium lecanii	T004	C1503001
27449676	148	154	highly	T080	C0205250
27449676	155	162	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27449676	163	170	network	T169	C1882071
27449676	174	181	habitat	T082	C0871648
27449676	182	189	patches	T082	C1254362
27449676	199	213	metapopulation	T098	C1257890
27449676	215	221	formed	T169	C0205431
27449676	229	236	primary	T080	C0205225
27449676	237	241	host	T001	C1167395
27449676	247	280	green coffee scale Coccus viridis	T204	C2665120
27449676	282	303	Lecanicillium lecanii	T004	C1503001
27449676	310	319	important	T080	C3898777
27449676	320	338	biological control	T038	C0678661
27449676	342	346	both	T080	C1706086
27449676	347	357	C. viridis	T204	C2665120
27449676	366	377	coffee rust	T004	C1483636
27449676	379	397	Hemileia vastatrix	T004	C1483636
27449676	426	436	biocontrol	T038	C0678661
27449676	437	442	agent	T120	C0450442
27449676	461	470	increased	T081	C0205217
27449676	471	484	understanding	T041	C0162340
27449676	492	507	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27449676	515	524	dispersal	T080	C0332261
27449676	547	555	occupied	T078	C1548223
27449676	560	570	unoccupied	T078	C1548224
27449676	571	578	patches	T082	C1254362
27449676	582	591	essential	T080	C0205224
27449676	600	611	persistence	T041	C0546816
27449676	620	634	metapopulation	T098	C1257890
27449676	651	656	study	T062	C2603343
27449676	661	667	employ	T169	C0457083
27449676	670	680	population	T081	C0032659
27449676	681	698	genetics approach	T169	C0017399
27449676	721	726	study	T062	C2603343
27449676	727	733	system	T169	C0449913
27449676	737	743	coffee	T168	C0009237
27449676	744	748	farm	T082	C0557759
27449676	756	765	Soconusco	T083	C3831120
27449676	766	772	region	T083	C0017446
27449676	776	784	southern	T082	C1710133
27449676	785	791	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27449676	793	803	L. lecanii	T004	C1503001
27449676	807	820	characterized	T052	C1880022
27449676	824	829	clear	T080	C2963144
27449676	830	837	spatial	T082	C1254362
27449676	838	855	genetic structure	T028	C1136352
27449676	879	883	farm	T082	C0557759
27449676	890	894	lack	T080	C0332268
27449676	898	906	apparent	T078	C0750489
27449676	907	916	structure	T082	C0678594
27449676	944	959	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27449676	960	969	dispersal	T080	C0332261
27449676	970	979	dominated	T055	C0870442
27449676	983	989	highly	T080	C0205250
27449676	990	999	localized	T169	C0443288
27449676	1000	1009	transport	T169	C1705822
27449676	1022	1029	insects	T204	C0021585
27449676	1033	1037	rain	T070	C0034640
27449676	1050	1054	less	T080	C0547044
27449676	1055	1065	dependence	T048	C0439857
27449676	1069	1075	longer	T080	C0205166
27449676	1076	1084	distance	T081	C0012751
27449676	1085	1094	dispersal	T080	C0332261
27449676	1103	1107	wind	T070	C0043187
27449676	1108	1117	transport	T169	C1705822
27449676	1123	1133	study site	T082	C2825164
27449676	1138	1147	dominated	T055	C0870442
27449676	1153	1156	few	T081	C0205388
27449676	1157	1193	multi-locus microsatellite genotypes	T032	C0017431
27449676	1205	1215	identities	T078	C0017390
27449676	1220	1225	large	T081	C0549177
27449676	1228	1233	scale	T052	C1947916
27449676	1234	1243	locations	T082	C0450429
27449676	1259	1263	both	T080	C1706086
27449676	1264	1269	study	T062	C2603343
27449676	1270	1275	years	T079	C0439234
27449676	1277	1287	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27449676	1293	1298	local	T082	C0205276
27449676	1299	1309	epizootics	T067	C0598393
27449676	1311	1320	outbreaks	T067	C0598393
27449676	1326	1335	initiated	T169	C1704686
27449676	1341	1344	wet	T080	C0205381
27449676	1345	1351	season	T079	C0036497
27449676	1355	1363	residual	T080	C1609982
27449676	1384	1392	previous	T079	C0205156
27449676	1393	1396	wet	T080	C0205381
27449676	1397	1403	season	T079	C0036497
27449676	1416	1420	long	T080	C0205166
27449676	1423	1431	distance	T081	C0012751
27449676	1432	1441	transport	T169	C1705822
27449676	1461	1466	other	T080	C0205394
27449676	1467	1472	sites	T082	C0205145
27449676	1478	1498	index of association	T170	C0237913
27449676	1502	1509	measure	T081	C0079809
27449676	1513	1535	linkage disequilibrium	T081	C0023746
27449676	1537	1546	indicates	T078	C0392360
27449676	1552	1562	epizootics	T067	C0598393
27449676	1587	1594	asexual	T041	C0599655
27449676	1596	1615	clonal reproduction	T040	C0035152
27449676	1626	1641	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27449676	1646	1654	apparent	T078	C0750489
27449676	1655	1659	lack	T080	C0332268
27449676	1665	1675	teleomorph	T004	C0521040
27449676	1683	1693	study site	T082	C2825164
27449676	1702	1710	presence	T033	C0150312
27449676	1721	1727	single	T081	C0205171
27449676	1728	1739	mating type	T032	C1571443
27449676	1751	1755	site	T082	C2825164
27449676	1757	1766	MAT-1-2-1	T032	C1571443
27449676	1782	1786	same	T080	C0445247
27449676	1787	1798	predominant	T080	C1542147
27449676	1799	1805	clonal	T080	C1704387
27449676	1806	1815	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27449676	1821	1826	found	T033	C0150312
27449676	1834	1839	years	T079	C0439234
27449676	1843	1850	drastic	T081	C0806909
27449676	1851	1861	difference	T080	C1705242
27449676	1865	1874	genotypic	T032	C0017431
27449676	1875	1884	diversity	T080	C1880371
27449676	1906	1909	two	T081	C0205448
27449676	1910	1915	sites	T082	C0205145
27449676	1928	1931	two	T081	C0205448
27449676	1932	1937	years	T079	C0439234
27449676	1939	1949	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27449676	1981	1990	occurring	T052	C1709305
27449676	2008	2017	dispersal	T080	C0332261
27449676	2032	2042	L. lecanii	T004	C1503001
27449676	2044	2051	spatial	T082	C1254362
27449676	2052	2061	structure	T082	C0678594
27449676	2072	2081	essential	T080	C0205224
27449676	2130	2140	L. lecanii	T004	C1503001
27449676	2158	2167	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
27449676	2168	2176	services	T057	C0557854
27449676	2204	2214	biocontrol	T038	C0678661
27449676	2215	2220	agent	T120	C0450442
27449676	2233	2240	similar	T080	C2348205
27449676	2241	2253	coffee farms	T082	C0557759

27449818|t|Estradiol prodrugs (EP) for efficient oral estrogen treatment and abolished effects on estrogen modulated liver functions
27449818|a|Oral compared to parenteral estrogen administration is characterized by reduced systemic but prominent hepatic estrogenic effects on lipids, hemostatic factors, GH -/ IGF I axis, angiotensinogen. In order to avoid such adverse metabolic effects of oral treatment, estradiol (E2) prodrugs (EP) were designed which bypass the liver tissue as inactive molecules. Carbone17-OH sulfonamide [-O2-NH2] substituted esters of E2 (EC508, others) were synthesized and tested for carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) binding. CA II in erythrocytes is thought to oppose extraction of EP from portal vein blood during liver passage. Ovariectomized (OVX, day minus 14) rats were orally treated once daily from day 1-3. Sacrifice day 4. Uteri were dissected and weighed. Cholesterol fractions and angiotensinogen were determined in plasma. Oral E2 and ethinyl estradiol (EE) generated dose related uterine growth and important hepatic estrogenic effects. EP induced uterine growth at about hundred-fold lower doses. This was possible with almost absent effects on plasma cholesterol or angiotensinogen. Preliminary pharmacokinetic studies with EC508 used intravenous and oral administration in male rats. Resulting blood levels revealed complete oral bioavailability. Further high blood - but low plasma concentrations indicated erythrocyte binding of EC508 in vivo as potential mechanism of low extraction at liver passage. Very high systemic estrogenicity combined with markedly lower or absent adverse hepatic estrogenic effects is evidence for a systemic release of E2 from sulfonamide EP. In conclusion, tested oral EP bypass the liver in erythrocytes furnishing systemic estradiol at hydrolysis. This mechanism avoids the hepatic estrogenic impact of conventional oral estrogen therapy.
27449818	0	9	Estradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27449818	10	18	prodrugs	T120	C0033262
27449818	20	22	EP	T120	C0033262
27449818	38	42	oral	T061	C0001563
27449818	43	61	estrogen treatment	T169	C3173348
27449818	87	95	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27449818	106	121	liver functions	T042	C0232741
27449818	122	126	Oral	T061	C0001563
27449818	139	149	parenteral	T061	C0259961
27449818	150	173	estrogen administration	T169	C3173348
27449818	202	210	systemic	T169	C0205373
27449818	225	232	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27449818	233	251	estrogenic effects	T033	C0877035
27449818	255	261	lipids	T109	C0023779
27449818	263	281	hemostatic factors	T042	C0019116
27449818	283	285	GH	T116,T121,T125	C0037663
27449818	289	294	IGF I	T116,T123	C0021665
27449818	301	316	angiotensinogen	T116,T123	C0003017
27449818	349	366	metabolic effects	T039	C2945675
27449818	370	384	oral treatment	T061	C0001563
27449818	386	395	estradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27449818	397	399	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27449818	401	409	prodrugs	T120	C0033262
27449818	411	413	EP	T120	C0033262
27449818	446	458	liver tissue	T023	C0736268
27449818	482	535	Carbone17-OH sulfonamide [-O2-NH2] substituted esters	T104	C1254350
27449818	539	541	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27449818	543	548	EC508	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27449818	590	611	carbonic anhydrase II	T116,T126	C0007034
27449818	613	618	CA-II	T116,T126	C0007034
27449818	620	627	binding	T044	C1149286
27449818	629	634	CA II	T116,T126	C0007034
27449818	638	650	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
27449818	686	688	EP	T120	C0033262
27449818	694	711	portal vein blood	T024	C2324289
27449818	719	724	liver	T023	C0023884
27449818	725	732	passage	T082	C0439799
27449818	734	748	Ovariectomized	T033	C3687559
27449818	750	753	OVX	T033	C3687559
27449818	769	773	rats	T015	C0034721
27449818	779	793	orally treated	T061	C0001563
27449818	836	841	Uteri	T023	C0042149
27449818	847	856	dissected	T169	C0205239
27449818	861	868	weighed	T059	C3827964
27449818	870	891	Cholesterol fractions	T059	C0201950
27449818	896	911	angiotensinogen	T059	C0523500
27449818	931	937	plasma	T031	C0032105
27449818	939	946	Oral E2	T200	C0360514
27449818	951	968	ethinyl estradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0015011
27449818	970	972	EE	T109,T121,T125	C0015011
27449818	997	1004	uterine	T023	C0042149
27449818	1005	1011	growth	T040	C0018270
27449818	1026	1033	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27449818	1034	1052	estrogenic effects	T033	C0877035
27449818	1054	1056	EP	T120	C0033262
27449818	1065	1079	uterine growth	T042	C1326619
27449818	1163	1169	plasma	T031	C0032105
27449818	1170	1181	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27449818	1185	1200	angiotensinogen	T116,T123	C0003017
27449818	1214	1237	pharmacokinetic studies	T062	C0201734
27449818	1243	1248	EC508	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27449818	1254	1265	intravenous	T082	C0013125
27449818	1270	1289	oral administration	T061	C0001563
27449818	1293	1297	male	T032	C0086582
27449818	1298	1302	rats	T015	C0034721
27449818	1345	1349	oral	T061	C0001563
27449818	1350	1365	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27449818	1380	1385	blood	T031	C0005767
27449818	1396	1402	plasma	T031	C0032105
27449818	1428	1439	erythrocyte	T025	C0014792
27449818	1440	1447	binding	T052	C1145667
27449818	1451	1456	EC508	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27449818	1457	1464	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27449818	1509	1514	liver	T023	C0023884
27449818	1515	1522	passage	T082	C0439799
27449818	1534	1542	systemic	T169	C0205373
27449818	1543	1556	estrogenicity	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27449818	1604	1611	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27449818	1612	1630	estrogenic effects	T033	C0877035
27449818	1649	1657	systemic	T169	C0205373
27449818	1669	1671	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27449818	1677	1691	sulfonamide EP	T120	C0033262
27449818	1715	1719	oral	T061	C0001563
27449818	1720	1722	EP	T120	C0033262
27449818	1734	1739	liver	T023	C0023884
27449818	1743	1755	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
27449818	1767	1775	systemic	T169	C0205373
27449818	1776	1785	estradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27449818	1789	1799	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27449818	1827	1834	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27449818	1835	1845	estrogenic	UnknownType	C0720298
27449818	1869	1873	oral	T061	C0001563
27449818	1874	1890	estrogen therapy	T061	C0279494

27449845|t|Externally Connected Zirconia Abutments with Standard Platform are Successful Long Term in Anterior Regions
27449845|a|Performance of zirconia abutments for implant-supported single-tooth crowns in esthetic areas: a retrospective study up to 12-year follow-up. Passos SP, Linke B, Larjava H, French D. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016;27(1):47-54. Information not available Retrospective cohort study.
27449845	0	20	Externally Connected	T082	C1254362
27449845	21	29	Zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27449845	30	39	Abutments	T074	C0000866
27449845	78	87	Long Term	T079	C1254367
27449845	91	107	Anterior Regions	T029	C0005898
27449845	108	119	Performance	T052	C1882330
27449845	123	131	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27449845	132	141	abutments	T074	C0000866
27449845	146	183	implant-supported single-tooth crowns	T061	C3642534
27449845	187	201	esthetic areas	T029	C0005898
27449845	205	224	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27449845	231	238	12-year	T079	C0439234
27449845	239	248	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27449845	358	384	Retrospective cohort study	T062	C0035363

27450703|t|Peripheral interactions between cannabinoid and opioid receptor agonists in a model of inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia
27450703|a|Activation of opioid and cannabinoid receptors expressed in nociceptors induces effective antihyperalgesia. In this study, we examined whether combinations of opioid and cannabinoid receptor agonists directed at the injured site would enhance therapeutic effectiveness. Behavioral pharmacology experiments were performed to compare the effects of DAMGO, a selective agonist for μ-opioid receptor (MOR), ACPA, a specific agonist for CB1, and combinations of DAMGO and ACPA in attenuating complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat hindpaw. DAMGO (1μg-1mg) or ACPA (1μg-2mg) was administered into the inflamed paw when mechanical hyperalgesia was fully developed. When administered individually, DAMGO and ACPA dose -dependently reversed the mechanical hyperalgesia. DAMGO displayed a lower ED50 value (57.4±2.49μg) than ACPA (111.6±2.18μg), but ACPA produced longer lasting antihyperalgesic effects. Combinations of DAMGO and ACPA also dose -dependently attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia, but the antihyperalgesic effects were partial and transient even at high doses. Using isobolographic analysis, we determined that combined treatment with DAMGO and ACPA produced antagonistic effects with the observed ED50 of 128.4±2.28μg. Our findings showed that MOR and CB1 agonists directed at the inflamed site effectively attenuate mechanical hyperalgesia when administered individually, but exert opposing effects when administered together. The antagonistic interactions between the two classes of drugs at the inflamed site suggest distinct mechanisms unique to peripheral nociceptors or inflamed tissue, and therefore require further studies to investigate whether the therapeutic utility of the combined drug treatments in chronic pain conditions can be optimized.
27450703	0	10	Peripheral	T082	C0205100
27450703	11	23	interactions	T169	C1704675
27450703	32	43	cannabinoid	T116,T192	C0054594
27450703	48	63	opioid receptor	T116,T192	C0034801
27450703	64	72	agonists	T121	C0243192
27450703	78	83	model	T050	C0684309
27450703	87	99	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
27450703	100	123	mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
27450703	124	134	Activation	T043	C1514758
27450703	138	144	opioid	T116,T192	C0034801
27450703	149	170	cannabinoid receptors	T116,T192	C0054594
27450703	171	180	expressed	T045	C0597360
27450703	184	195	nociceptors	T023	C0028246
27450703	214	230	antihyperalgesia	T033	C3540840
27450703	267	279	combinations	T080	C0205195
27450703	283	289	opioid	T116,T192	C0034801
27450703	294	314	cannabinoid receptor	T116,T192	C0054594
27450703	315	323	agonists	T121	C0243192
27450703	340	347	injured	T169	C0332664
27450703	348	352	site	T082	C0205145
27450703	367	378	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27450703	379	392	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27450703	394	417	Behavioral pharmacology	T091	C0872109
27450703	418	429	experiments	T062	C0681814
27450703	448	455	compare	T052	C1707455
27450703	460	470	effects of	T080	C1704420
27450703	471	476	DAMGO	T116,T121	C0525773
27450703	490	497	agonist	T121	C0243192
27450703	502	519	μ-opioid receptor	T116,T192	C0066908
27450703	521	524	MOR	T116,T192	C0066908
27450703	527	531	ACPA	T109	C0767831
27450703	544	551	agonist	T121	C0243192
27450703	556	559	CB1	T116,T192	C0378126
27450703	565	577	combinations	T080	C0205195
27450703	581	586	DAMGO	T116,T121	C0525773
27450703	591	595	ACPA	T109	C0767831
27450703	599	610	attenuating	T052	C0599946
27450703	611	637	complete Freund's adjuvant	T121,T129	C0016712
27450703	639	642	CFA	T121,T129	C0016712
27450703	652	675	mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
27450703	683	686	rat	T015	C0034693
27450703	687	694	hindpaw	T029	C0230459
27450703	696	701	DAMGO	T116,T121	C0525773
27450703	715	719	ACPA	T109	C0767831
27450703	734	746	administered	T169	C1521801
27450703	756	764	inflamed	T046	C0021368
27450703	765	768	paw	T023	C0687080
27450703	774	797	mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
27450703	824	836	administered	T169	C1521801
27450703	851	856	DAMGO	T116,T121	C0525773
27450703	861	865	ACPA	T109	C0767831
27450703	866	870	dose	T081	C0178602
27450703	897	920	mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
27450703	922	927	DAMGO	T116,T121	C0525773
27450703	946	956	ED50 value	UnknownType	C0678794
27450703	976	980	ACPA	T109	C0767831
27450703	1001	1005	ACPA	T109	C0767831
27450703	1030	1054	antihyperalgesic effects	T033	C3540840
27450703	1056	1068	Combinations	T080	C0205195
27450703	1072	1077	DAMGO	T116,T121	C0525773
27450703	1082	1086	ACPA	T109	C0767831
27450703	1092	1096	dose	T081	C0178602
27450703	1110	1120	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27450703	1121	1144	mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
27450703	1154	1178	antihyperalgesic effects	T033	C3540840
27450703	1184	1191	partial	T081	C0728938
27450703	1196	1205	transient	T079	C0205374
27450703	1214	1224	high doses	T081	C0444956
27450703	1232	1255	isobolographic analysis	T059	C0022885
27450703	1285	1294	treatment	T061	C0087111
27450703	1300	1305	DAMGO	T116,T121	C0525773
27450703	1310	1314	ACPA	T109	C0767831
27450703	1324	1344	antagonistic effects	UnknownType	C0683167
27450703	1363	1367	ED50	UnknownType	C0678794
27450703	1389	1397	findings	T169	C2607943
27450703	1410	1413	MOR	T116,T192	C0066908
27450703	1418	1421	CB1	T116,T192	C0378126
27450703	1422	1430	agonists	T121	C0243192
27450703	1447	1455	inflamed	T046	C0021368
27450703	1456	1460	site	T082	C0205145
27450703	1473	1482	attenuate	T052	C0599946
27450703	1483	1506	mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
27450703	1512	1524	administered	T169	C1521801
27450703	1543	1548	exert	T040	C0015264
27450703	1571	1583	administered	T169	C1521801
27450703	1598	1623	antagonistic interactions	UnknownType	C0678797
27450703	1651	1656	drugs	T121	C0013227
27450703	1664	1672	inflamed	T046	C0021368
27450703	1673	1677	site	T082	C0205145
27450703	1706	1712	unique	T080	C1710548
27450703	1716	1726	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27450703	1727	1738	nociceptors	T023	C0028246
27450703	1742	1750	inflamed	T046	C0021368
27450703	1751	1757	tissue	T024	C0040300
27450703	1800	1811	investigate	T169	C1292732
27450703	1824	1835	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27450703	1836	1843	utility	T169	C3669222
27450703	1851	1859	combined	T080	C0205195
27450703	1860	1875	drug treatments	T061	C0013216
27450703	1879	1891	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
27450703	1910	1919	optimized	T052	C2698650

27450737|t|Thymosin β4: Roles in Development, Repair, and Engineering of the Cardiovascular System
27450737|a|The burden of cardiovascular disease is a growing worldwide issue that demands attention. While many clinical trials are ongoing to test therapies for treating the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure, there are few options doctors able to currently give patients to repair the heart. This eventually leads to decreased ventricular contractility and increased systemic disease, including vascular disorders that could result in stroke. Small peptides such as thymosin β4 (Tβ4) are upregulated in the cardiovascular niche during fetal development and after injuries such as MI, providing increased neovasculogenesis and paracrine signals for endogenous stem cell recruitment to aid in wound repair. New research is looking into the effects of in vivo administration of Tβ4 through injections and coatings on implants, as well as its effect on cell differentiation. Results so far demonstrate Tβ4 administration leads to robust increases in angiogenesis and wound healing in the heart after MI and the brain after stroke, and can differentiate adult stem cells toward the cardiac lineage for implantation to the heart to increase contractility and survival. Future work, some of which is currently in clinical trials, will demonstrate the in vivo effect of these therapies on human patients, with the goal of helping the millions of people worldwide affected by cardiovascular disease.
27450737	0	11	Thymosin β4	T116,T123	C0076616
27450737	22	33	Development	T169	C1527148
27450737	35	41	Repair	T040	C0043240
27450737	47	58	Engineering	T169	C0205245
27450737	66	87	Cardiovascular System	T022	C0007226
27450737	102	124	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27450737	189	204	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27450737	220	224	test	T169	C0039593
27450737	225	234	therapies	T061	C0087111
27450737	239	247	treating	T169	C1522326
27450737	252	257	heart	T023	C0018787
27450737	264	285	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27450737	287	289	MI	T047	C0027051
27450737	295	308	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27450737	332	339	doctors	T097	C0031831
27450737	363	371	patients	T101	C0030705
27450737	375	391	repair the heart	T061	C0189919
27450737	428	453	ventricular contractility	T042	C1258017
27450737	468	484	systemic disease	T047	C0442893
27450737	496	514	vascular disorders	T047	C0042373
27450737	536	542	stroke	T047	C0038454
27450737	550	558	peptides	T116	C0030956
27450737	567	578	thymosin β4	T116,T123	C0076616
27450737	580	583	Tβ4	T116,T123	C0076616
27450737	608	622	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27450737	623	628	niche	T030	C0333343
27450737	636	653	fetal development	T042	C4246208
27450737	664	672	injuries	T037	C0018805
27450737	681	683	MI	T047	C0027051
27450737	705	722	neovasculogenesis	T191	C0027671
27450737	727	744	paracrine signals	T043	C0525011
27450737	749	759	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27450737	749	769	endogenous stem cell	T025	C4084729
27450737	792	804	wound repair	T040	C0043240
27450737	810	818	research	T062	C0035168
27450737	850	857	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27450737	858	872	administration	T061	C1533734
27450737	876	879	Tβ4	T116,T123	C0076616
27450737	888	898	injections	T061	C1533685
27450737	903	911	coatings	T121,T122	C0304222
27450737	915	923	implants	T074	C0021102
27450737	950	970	cell differentiation	T043	C0007589
27450737	999	1002	Tβ4	T116,T123	C0076616
27450737	1003	1017	administration	T061	C1533734
27450737	1047	1059	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27450737	1064	1077	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27450737	1085	1090	heart	T023	C0018787
27450737	1097	1099	MI	T047	C0027051
27450737	1108	1113	brain	T023	C0006104
27450737	1120	1126	stroke	T047	C0038454
27450737	1150	1166	adult stem cells	T025	C1171322
27450737	1178	1185	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27450737	1186	1193	lineage	T078	C0282637
27450737	1198	1210	implantation	T061	C0021107
27450737	1218	1223	heart	T023	C0018787
27450737	1236	1249	contractility	T042	C1258017
27450737	1254	1262	survival	T169	C0220921
27450737	1307	1322	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27450737	1345	1352	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27450737	1353	1359	effect	T080	C1280500
27450737	1369	1378	therapies	T061	C0087111
27450737	1382	1387	human	T016	C0086418
27450737	1388	1396	patients	T101	C0030705
27450737	1407	1411	goal	T170	C0018017
27450737	1439	1445	people	T098	C0027361
27450737	1468	1490	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222

27450789|t|Differences in pain experience and cooperation between consecutive surgeries in patients undergoing phacoemulsification
27450789|a|The purpose of this study is to compare pain experience and cooperation between consecutive surgeries in patients undergoing phacoemulsification in both eyes, using sub-Tenon's local anesthesia without sedation. In this study, 268 patients with bilateral senile cataracts were recruited. All operations were performed without sedation, using a clear corneal phacoemulsification technique and sub-Tenon's local anesthesia, by one of four surgeons. The first surgery was performed on the eye with the higher grade cataract. The other eye was operated on within 3 months by the same surgeon (mean interval 1.9 ± 1.1 months). All patients were asked to grade their pain experience during induction and maintenance of anesthesia and also during the phacoemulsification surgery, using a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain) administered after the surgery. The cooperation of the patient was graded from 0 (no event) to 3 (markedeye and head movement and lid squeezing) by the attending surgeon. The VAS scores and cooperation scores of the patients were the outcome measurements. The mean pain score was 2.11 ± 0.79 in the first eye and 3.33 ± 0.80 in the second eye during the administration of sub-Tenon's anesthesia, and 1.50 ± 0.60 in the first eye and 2.10 ± 0.57 in the second eye during the phacoemulsification surgery. The patient cooperation score was 1.60 ± 0.75 in the first surgery and 2.08 ± 0.72 in the second surgery. The differences between the first and second surgeries were statistically significant for all outcome measures (p < 0.01). Patients who previously underwent phaco surgery in one eye experienced more pain and showed worse cooperation during the phaco surgery in the second eye, especially if there was a short time between the surgeries, viz., less than 3 months. Therefore, if the surgeon has difficulty in the first operation gaining the patient's cooperation, the surgeon must be careful: if contralateral eye surgery is required, the addition of sedation / analgesia should be considered or the surgery postponed for a while to abolish the influence of recent memory on the patient's subsequent pain experience.
27450789	0	11	Differences	T080	C1705242
27450789	15	19	pain	T184	C0030193
27450789	20	30	experience	T041	C0596545
27450789	35	46	cooperation	T055	C1321605
27450789	55	76	consecutive surgeries	T061	C0543467
27450789	80	88	patients	T101	C0030705
27450789	100	119	phacoemulsification	T061	C0282545
27450789	140	145	study	T062	C2603343
27450789	160	164	pain	T184	C0030193
27450789	165	175	experience	T041	C0596545
27450789	180	191	cooperation	T055	C1321605
27450789	200	221	consecutive surgeries	T061	C0543467
27450789	225	233	patients	T101	C0030705
27450789	245	264	phacoemulsification	T061	C0282545
27450789	273	277	eyes	T023	C0015392
27450789	285	313	sub-Tenon's local anesthesia	T061	C0002921
27450789	322	330	sedation	T061	C0344106
27450789	340	345	study	T062	C2603343
27450789	351	359	patients	T101	C0030705
27450789	365	391	bilateral senile cataracts	T047	C3864031
27450789	412	422	operations	T061	C0543467
27450789	446	454	sedation	T061	C0344106
27450789	470	477	corneal	T023	C0010031
27450789	478	507	phacoemulsification technique	T061	C0282545
27450789	512	540	sub-Tenon's local anesthesia	T061	C0002921
27450789	557	565	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27450789	577	584	surgery	T061	C0543467
27450789	606	609	eye	T023	C0015392
27450789	632	640	cataract	T020	C0086543
27450789	652	655	eye	T023	C0015392
27450789	660	668	operated	T052	C3241922
27450789	679	687	3 months	T079	C1442461
27450789	700	707	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27450789	733	739	months	T079	C0439231
27450789	746	754	patients	T101	C0030705
27450789	781	785	pain	T184	C0030193
27450789	786	796	experience	T041	C0596545
27450789	804	813	induction	T061	C0857127
27450789	818	829	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27450789	833	843	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
27450789	864	891	phacoemulsification surgery	T061	C0282545
27450789	901	922	visual analogue scale	T060	C0042815
27450789	924	927	VAS	T060	C0042815
27450789	937	944	no pain	T033	C3891813
27450789	953	968	unbearable pain	T184	C3640014
27450789	993	1000	surgery	T061	C0543467
27450789	1006	1017	cooperation	T055	C1321605
27450789	1025	1032	patient	T101	C0030705
27450789	1068	1077	markedeye	T039	C0015413
27450789	1082	1095	head movement	T040	C0376591
27450789	1100	1113	lid squeezing	T184	C0850674
27450789	1132	1139	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27450789	1145	1155	VAS scores	T081	C2732809
27450789	1160	1171	cooperation	T055	C1321605
27450789	1172	1178	scores	T081	C0449820
27450789	1186	1194	patients	T101	C0030705
27450789	1204	1224	outcome measurements	T081	C0086749
27450789	1230	1245	mean pain score	T033	C0582148
27450789	1275	1278	eye	T023	C0015392
27450789	1309	1312	eye	T023	C0015392
27450789	1324	1338	administration	T061	C1533734
27450789	1342	1364	sub-Tenon's anesthesia	T061	C0002921
27450789	1395	1398	eye	T023	C0015392
27450789	1429	1432	eye	T023	C0015392
27450789	1444	1471	phacoemulsification surgery	T061	C0282545
27450789	1477	1496	patient cooperation	T055	C1321605
27450789	1497	1502	score	T081	C0449820
27450789	1532	1539	surgery	T061	C0543467
27450789	1570	1577	surgery	T061	C0543467
27450789	1583	1594	differences	T080	C1705242
27450789	1624	1633	surgeries	T061	C0543467
27450789	1673	1689	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27450789	1702	1710	Patients	T101	C0030705
27450789	1736	1749	phaco surgery	T061	C0282545
27450789	1757	1760	eye	T023	C0015392
27450789	1778	1782	pain	T184	C0030193
27450789	1794	1799	worse	T033	C1457868
27450789	1800	1811	cooperation	T055	C1321605
27450789	1823	1836	phaco surgery	T061	C0282545
27450789	1851	1854	eye	T023	C0015392
27450789	1905	1914	surgeries	T061	C0543467
27450789	1934	1940	months	T079	C0439231
27450789	1960	1967	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27450789	1972	1982	difficulty	T080	C0332218
27450789	1996	2005	operation	T061	C0543467
27450789	2018	2039	patient's cooperation	T055	C1321605
27450789	2045	2052	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27450789	2073	2098	contralateral eye surgery	T061	C0038901
27450789	2128	2136	sedation	T061	C0344106
27450789	2139	2148	analgesia	T061	C3202977
27450789	2177	2184	surgery	T061	C0543467
27450789	2222	2231	influence	T077	C4054723
27450789	2235	2248	recent memory	T041	C0233792
27450789	2256	2265	patient's	T101	C0030705
27450789	2277	2281	pain	T184	C0030193
27450789	2282	2292	experience	T041	C0596545

27451448|t|Yersinia ruckeri Isolates Recovered from Diseased Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Scotland Are More Diverse than Those from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Represent Distinct Subpopulations
27451448|a|Yersinia ruckeri is the etiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease of farmed salmonids. Enteric redmouth disease is traditionally associated with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), but its incidence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is increasing. Yersinia ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased Atlantic salmon have been poorly characterized, and very little is known about the relationship of the isolates associated with these two species. Phenotypic approaches were used to characterize 109 Y. ruckeri isolates recovered over a 14-year period from infected Atlantic salmon in Scotland; 26 isolates from infected rainbow trout were also characterized. Biotyping, serotyping, and comparison of outer membrane protein profiles identified 19 Y. ruckeri clones associated with Atlantic salmon but only five associated with rainbow trout; none of the Atlantic salmon clones occurred in rainbow trout and vice versa These findings suggest that distinct subpopulations of Y. ruckeri are associated with each species. A new O serotype (designated O8) was identified in 56 biotype 1 Atlantic salmon isolates and was the most common serotype identified from 2006 to 2011 and in 2014, suggesting an increased prevalence during the time period sampled. Rainbow trout isolates were represented almost exclusively by the same biotype 2, serotype O1 clone that has been responsible for the majority of ERM outbreaks in this species within the United Kingdom since the 1980s. However, the identification of two biotype 2, serotype O8 isolates in rainbow trout suggests that vaccines containing serotypes O1 and O8 should be evaluated in both rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon for application in Scotland. Vaccination plays an important role in protecting Atlantic salmon against the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri, but, in recent years, there has been an increasing incidence of vaccine breakdown in salmon. This is largely because current vaccines are aimed at rainbow trout and are based on serotypes specific for this species. A wider range of serotypes is responsible for infection in Atlantic salmon, but very little is known about the diversity of these strains and their relationships to those recovered from rainbow trout. In the present study, we demonstrate that Y. ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased Atlantic salmon in Scotland are more diverse than those from rainbow trout; furthermore, isolates from the two species represent distinct subpopulations. In addition, a new O serotype was identified that is responsible for a significant proportion of the disease in Atlantic salmon. Our findings are likely to have important implications for the development of improved vaccines against Y. ruckeri.
27451448	0	16	Yersinia ruckeri	T007	C1257868
27451448	17	25	Isolates	T123	C3494793
27451448	26	40	Recovered from	T080	C0521108
27451448	41	49	Diseased	T047	C0012634
27451448	50	65	Atlantic Salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	67	78	Salmo salar	T013	C0327949
27451448	83	91	Scotland	T083	C0036453
27451448	125	138	Rainbow Trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	140	159	Oncorhynchus mykiss	T013	C0036108
27451448	165	174	Represent	T052	C1882932
27451448	184	198	Subpopulations	T098	C1257890
27451448	199	215	Yersinia ruckeri	T007	C1257868
27451448	223	240	etiological agent	T169	C1314792
27451448	244	260	enteric redmouth	T047	C0275759
27451448	262	265	ERM	T047	C0275759
27451448	267	274	disease	T047	C0012634
27451448	285	294	salmonids	T013	C0036129
27451448	296	320	Enteric redmouth disease	T047	C0275759
27451448	338	353	associated with	T080	C0332281
27451448	354	367	rainbow trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	369	388	Oncorhynchus mykiss	T013	C0036108
27451448	390	397	Walbaum	T013	C0036108
27451448	408	417	incidence	T081	C0021149
27451448	421	436	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	438	449	Salmo salar	T013	C0327949
27451448	454	464	increasing	T169	C0442808
27451448	466	482	Yersinia ruckeri	T007	C1257868
27451448	483	491	isolates	T123	C3494793
27451448	492	506	recovered from	T080	C0521108
27451448	507	515	diseased	T047	C0012634
27451448	516	531	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	542	562	poorly characterized	T052	C1880022
27451448	599	611	relationship	T080	C0439849
27451448	619	627	isolates	T123	C3494793
27451448	628	643	associated with	T080	C0332281
27451448	654	661	species	T185	C1705920
27451448	663	673	Phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27451448	715	725	Y. ruckeri	T007	C1257868
27451448	726	734	isolates	T123	C3494793
27451448	772	780	infected	T033	C0439663
27451448	781	796	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	800	808	Scotland	T083	C0036453
27451448	813	821	isolates	T123	C3494793
27451448	827	835	infected	T033	C0439663
27451448	836	849	rainbow trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	860	873	characterized	T052	C1880022
27451448	875	884	Biotyping	T059	C0441707
27451448	886	896	serotyping	T059	C0036759
27451448	902	912	comparison	T052	C1707455
27451448	916	930	outer membrane	T026	C1167331
27451448	931	947	protein profiles	T034	C3463810
27451448	962	972	Y. ruckeri	T007	C1257868
27451448	973	979	clones	T024	C1522642
27451448	980	995	associated with	T080	C0332281
27451448	996	1011	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	1026	1041	associated with	T080	C0332281
27451448	1042	1055	rainbow trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	1069	1084	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	1085	1091	clones	T024	C1522642
27451448	1104	1117	rainbow trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	1139	1147	findings	T033	C0243095
27451448	1170	1184	subpopulations	T098	C1257890
27451448	1188	1198	Y. ruckeri	T007	C1257868
27451448	1203	1218	associated with	T080	C0332281
27451448	1224	1231	species	T185	C1705920
27451448	1239	1249	O serotype	T170	C0449549
27451448	1284	1296	56 biotype 1	T170	C0449562
27451448	1297	1312	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	1313	1321	isolates	T123	C3494793
27451448	1346	1354	serotype	T170	C0449943
27451448	1411	1431	increased prevalence	T081	C1512456
27451448	1464	1477	Rainbow trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	1478	1486	isolates	T123	C3494793
27451448	1492	1503	represented	T052	C1882932
27451448	1535	1544	biotype 2	T170	C0449562
27451448	1546	1557	serotype O1	T170	C0449549
27451448	1610	1613	ERM	T047	C0275759
27451448	1632	1639	species	T185	C1705920
27451448	1651	1665	United Kingdom	T083	C0041700
27451448	1718	1727	biotype 2	T170	C0449562
27451448	1729	1740	serotype O8	T170	C0449549
27451448	1741	1749	isolates	T123	C3494793
27451448	1753	1766	rainbow trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	1781	1789	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27451448	1801	1820	serotypes O1 and O8	T170	C0449549
27451448	1849	1862	rainbow trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	1867	1882	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	1902	1910	Scotland	T083	C0036453
27451448	1912	1923	Vaccination	T061	C0042196
27451448	1962	1977	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	1990	1999	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27451448	2009	2025	Yersinia ruckeri	T007	C1257868
27451448	2067	2077	increasing	T169	C0442808
27451448	2078	2087	incidence	T081	C0021149
27451448	2091	2098	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27451448	2112	2118	salmon	T013	C0036110
27451448	2152	2160	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27451448	2174	2187	rainbow trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	2205	2214	serotypes	T170	C0449943
27451448	2233	2240	species	T185	C1705920
27451448	2259	2268	serotypes	T170	C0449943
27451448	2288	2297	infection	T046	C3714514
27451448	2301	2316	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	2372	2379	strains	T013	C0327949
27451448	2390	2403	relationships	T080	C0439849
27451448	2413	2427	recovered from	T080	C0521108
27451448	2428	2441	rainbow trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	2485	2495	Y. ruckeri	T007	C1257868
27451448	2496	2504	isolates	T123	C3494793
27451448	2505	2519	recovered from	T080	C0521108
27451448	2520	2528	diseased	T047	C0012634
27451448	2529	2544	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	2548	2556	Scotland	T083	C0036453
27451448	2590	2603	rainbow trout	T013	C0036108
27451448	2618	2626	isolates	T123	C3494793
27451448	2640	2647	species	T185	C1705920
27451448	2648	2657	represent	T052	C1882932
27451448	2667	2681	subpopulations	T098	C1257890
27451448	2702	2712	O serotype	T170	C0449549
27451448	2754	2765	significant	T078	C0750502
27451448	2766	2776	proportion	T081	C1709707
27451448	2784	2791	disease	T047	C0012634
27451448	2795	2810	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27451448	2816	2824	findings	T033	C0243095
27451448	2875	2907	development of improved vaccines	T062	C0597634
27451448	2916	2926	Y. ruckeri	T007	C1257868

27451934|t|Making use of longitudinal information in pattern recognition
27451934|a|Longitudinal designs are widely used in medical studies as a means of observing within- subject changes over time in groups of subjects, thereby aiming to improve sensitivity for detecting disease effects. Paralleling an increased use of such studies in neuroimaging has been the adoption of pattern recognition algorithms for making individualized predictions of disease. However, at present few pattern recognition methods exist to make full use of neuroimaging data that have been collected longitudinally, with most methods relying instead on cross-sectional style analysis. This article presents a principal component analysis -based feature construction method that uses longitudinal high-dimensional data to improve predictive performance of pattern recognition algorithms. The method can be applied to data from a wide range of longitudinal study designs and permits an arbitrary number of time-points per subject. We apply the method to two longitudinal datasets, one containing subjects with mild cognitive impairment along with healthy controls, the other with early dementia subjects and healthy controls. Across both datasets, we show improvements in predictive accuracy relative to cross-sectional classifiers for discriminating disease subjects from healthy controls on the basis of whole- brain structural magnetic resonance image -based voxels. In addition, we can transfer longitudinal information from one set of subjects to make disease predictions in another set of subjects. The proposed method is simple and, as a feature construction method, flexible with respect to the choice of classifier and image registration algorithm. Hum Brain Mapp, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27451934	14	26	longitudinal	T081	C0086569
27451934	27	38	information	T078	C1533716
27451934	42	61	pattern recognition	T041	C1518918
27451934	62	74	Longitudinal	T081	C0086569
27451934	102	117	medical studies	T062	C0242481
27451934	150	157	subject	T098	C0080105
27451934	189	197	subjects	T098	C0080105
27451934	251	258	disease	T047	C0012634
27451934	268	279	Paralleling	T061	C0445183
27451934	316	328	neuroimaging	T060	C0679575
27451934	354	384	pattern recognition algorithms	T170	C0002045
27451934	396	410	individualized	T080	C1881197
27451934	411	422	predictions	T078	C0681842
27451934	426	433	disease	T047	C0012634
27451934	459	486	pattern recognition methods	T170	C0025663
27451934	513	525	neuroimaging	T060	C0679575
27451934	556	570	longitudinally	T081	C0086569
27451934	609	639	cross-sectional style analysis	T062	C0010362
27451934	665	693	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
27451934	709	728	construction method	UnknownType	C0868944
27451934	739	751	longitudinal	T081	C0086569
27451934	752	773	high-dimensional data	T081	C0392762
27451934	785	807	predictive performance	T052	C1882330
27451934	811	841	pattern recognition algorithms	T170	C0002045
27451934	898	910	longitudinal	T081	C0086569
27451934	940	949	arbitrary	T081	C0439183
27451934	960	971	time-points	T079	C0439547
27451934	976	983	subject	T098	C0080105
27451934	1012	1024	longitudinal	T081	C0086569
27451934	1050	1058	subjects	T098	C0080105
27451934	1064	1089	mild cognitive impairment	T048	C1270972
27451934	1101	1117	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27451934	1140	1148	dementia	T048	C0497327
27451934	1149	1157	subjects	T098	C0080105
27451934	1162	1178	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27451934	1226	1245	predictive accuracy	T080	C4035952
27451934	1258	1273	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
27451934	1305	1321	disease subjects	T098	C0080105
27451934	1327	1343	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27451934	1367	1372	brain	T023	C0006104
27451934	1384	1408	magnetic resonance image	T060	C0412675
27451934	1416	1422	voxels	T077	C2700259
27451934	1453	1465	longitudinal	T081	C0086569
27451934	1466	1477	information	T078	C1533716
27451934	1494	1502	subjects	T098	C0080105
27451934	1511	1518	disease	T047	C0012634
27451934	1519	1530	predictions	T078	C0681842
27451934	1549	1557	subjects	T098	C0080105
27451934	1607	1626	construction method	UnknownType	C0868944
27451934	1628	1636	flexible	T080	C0443220
27451934	1682	1710	image registration algorithm	T170	C0002045

27452398|t|Protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) via Nrf2 pathway against oxalate -induced epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular cells
27452398|a|This study evaluated effect of oxalate on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and potential anti-fibrotic property of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). MDCK renal tubular cells were incubated with 0.5 mM sodium oxalate for 24-h with/without 1-h pretreatment with 25 μM EGCG. Microscopic examination, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence staining revealed that oxalate -treated cells gained mesenchymal phenotypes by fibroblast -like morphological change and increasing expression of vimentin and fibronectin, while levels of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, occludin, cytokeratin and ZO-1) were decreased. EGCG pretreatment could prevent all these changes and molecular mechanisms underlying the prevention by EGCG were most likely due to reduced production of intracellular ROS through activation of Nrf2 signaling and increased catalase anti-oxidant enzyme. Knockdown of Nrf2 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated all the effects of EGCG, confirming that the EGCG protection against oxalate -induced EMT was mediated via Nrf2. Taken together, our data indicate that oxalate turned on EMT of renal tubular cells that could be prevented by EGCG via Nrf2 pathway. These findings also shed light onto development of novel therapeutics or preventive strategies of renal fibrosis in the future.
27452398	0	17	Protective effect	UnknownType	C0678771
27452398	21	47	epigallocatechin-3-gallate	T109,T121	C0059438
27452398	49	53	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27452398	59	63	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
27452398	64	71	pathway	T044	C1704259
27452398	80	87	oxalate	T109	C0029988
27452398	97	130	epithelial mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27452398	132	135	EMT	T043	C1523298
27452398	140	145	renal	T023	C0022646
27452398	146	159	tubular cells	T025	C0552639
27452398	165	170	study	T062	C2603343
27452398	191	198	oxalate	T109	C0029988
27452398	202	235	epithelial mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27452398	237	240	EMT	T043	C1523298
27452398	256	278	anti-fibrotic property	T033	C0243095
27452398	282	308	epigallocatechin-3-gallate	T109,T121	C0059438
27452398	310	314	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27452398	317	341	MDCK renal tubular cells	T025	C0598829
27452398	347	356	incubated	T059	C0022885
27452398	369	383	sodium oxalate	T109	C0087001
27452398	410	422	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27452398	434	438	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27452398	440	463	Microscopic examination	T059	C0026018
27452398	465	479	immunoblotting	T059	C0020985
27452398	484	511	immunofluorescence staining	T059	C0079603
27452398	526	533	oxalate	T109	C0029988
27452398	543	548	cells	T025	C0007634
27452398	556	567	mesenchymal	T018	C0162415
27452398	568	578	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27452398	582	592	fibroblast	T025	C0016030
27452398	599	619	morphological change	T190	C1260954
27452398	635	645	expression	T045	C1171362
27452398	649	657	vimentin	T116,T123	C0042666
27452398	662	673	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
27452398	691	709	epithelial markers	T116,T123	C0033684
27452398	711	721	E-cadherin	T116,T123	C0042172
27452398	723	731	occludin	T116,T192	C0250400
27452398	733	744	cytokeratin	T116	C0010803
27452398	749	753	ZO-1	T116,T123	C3503764
27452398	771	775	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27452398	776	788	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27452398	825	845	molecular mechanisms	T044	C3537153
27452398	875	879	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27452398	912	922	production	T038	C3714634
27452398	926	943	intracellular ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27452398	952	962	activation	T052	C1879547
27452398	966	970	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
27452398	971	980	signaling	T038	C3537152
27452398	995	1023	catalase anti-oxidant enzyme	T116,T126	C0007367
27452398	1025	1034	Knockdown	T063	C2350567
27452398	1038	1042	Nrf2	T028	C1417701
27452398	1046	1067	small interfering RNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27452398	1069	1074	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27452398	1105	1109	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27452398	1131	1135	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27452398	1136	1146	protection	T033	C1545588
27452398	1155	1162	oxalate	T109	C0029988
27452398	1172	1175	EMT	T043	C1523298
27452398	1193	1197	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
27452398	1238	1245	oxalate	T109	C0029988
27452398	1256	1259	EMT	T043	C1523298
27452398	1263	1268	renal	T023	C0022646
27452398	1269	1282	tubular cells	T025	C0552639
27452398	1310	1314	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27452398	1319	1323	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
27452398	1324	1331	pathway	T044	C1704259
27452398	1390	1402	therapeutics	T169	C0039798
27452398	1406	1427	preventive strategies	T080	C2700409
27452398	1431	1445	renal fibrosis	T047	C0151650

27452524|t|CD84 mediates CLL - microenvironment interactions
27452524|a|Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant disease of small mature lymphocytes. Signals from the CLL microenvironment promote progression of the disease and induce drug resistance. This phenomenon is largely dependent on direct contact between the malignant B cells and stromal cells. CD84 belongs to the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family of immunoreceptors, which self-associates, forming an orthogonal homophilic dimer. We therefore hypothesized that CD84 may bridge between CLL cells and their microenvironment, promoting cell survival. Our in vitro results show that CD84 expressed on CLL cells interact with CD84 expressed on cells in their microenvironment, inducing cell survival in both sides. Blocking CD84 in vitro and in vivo disrupt the interaction of CLL cells with their microenvironment, resulting in induced cell death. Thus, our findings suggest novel therapeutic strategies based on the blockade of this CD84 - dependent survival pathway.
27452524	0	4	CD84	T116,T129	C0666283
27452524	14	17	CLL	T191	C0023434
27452524	20	36	microenvironment	T070	C3494179
27452524	37	49	interactions	T043	C0007582
27452524	50	78	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia	T191	C0023434
27452524	80	83	CLL	T191	C0023434
27452524	90	107	malignant disease	T047	C0442867
27452524	117	135	mature lymphocytes	T025	C1513026
27452524	137	144	Signals	T067	C1710082
27452524	154	157	CLL	T191	C0023434
27452524	158	174	microenvironment	T070	C3494179
27452524	175	182	promote	T052	C0033414
27452524	183	209	progression of the disease	T046	C0242656
27452524	214	220	induce	T169	C0205263
27452524	221	236	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27452524	243	253	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27452524	265	274	dependent	T080	C0851827
27452524	305	322	malignant B cells	T191	C0079731
27452524	327	340	stromal cells	T025	C1518246
27452524	342	346	CD84	T116,T129	C0666283
27452524	362	409	signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family	T116,T123	C4277631
27452524	413	428	immunoreceptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27452524	436	451	self-associates	T044	C1819957
27452524	464	491	orthogonal homophilic dimer	T104	C0596448
27452524	524	528	CD84	T116,T129	C0666283
27452524	548	551	CLL	T191	C0023434
27452524	552	557	cells	T025	C0007634
27452524	568	584	microenvironment	T070	C3494179
27452524	586	595	promoting	T052	C0033414
27452524	596	609	cell survival	T043	C0007620
27452524	615	623	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27452524	624	631	results	T169	C1274040
27452524	642	656	CD84 expressed	T045	C1171362
27452524	660	663	CLL	T191	C0023434
27452524	664	669	cells	T025	C0007634
27452524	670	678	interact	T169	C1704675
27452524	684	698	CD84 expressed	T045	C1171362
27452524	702	707	cells	T025	C0007634
27452524	717	733	microenvironment	T070	C3494179
27452524	735	743	inducing	T169	C0205263
27452524	744	757	cell survival	T043	C0007620
27452524	773	781	Blocking	T169	C0332206
27452524	782	786	CD84	T116,T129	C0666283
27452524	787	795	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27452524	800	807	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27452524	808	815	disrupt	T080	C0332454
27452524	820	831	interaction	T169	C1704675
27452524	835	838	CLL	T191	C0023434
27452524	839	844	cells	T025	C0007634
27452524	856	872	microenvironment	T070	C3494179
27452524	874	886	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27452524	887	894	induced	T169	C0205263
27452524	895	905	cell death	T043	C0007587
27452524	917	925	findings	T033	C0243095
27452524	934	939	novel	T080	C0205314
27452524	940	951	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27452524	976	984	blockade	T121,T196	C3540676
27452524	993	997	CD84	T116,T129	C0666283
27452524	1000	1009	dependent	T080	C0851827
27452524	1010	1018	survival	T043	C0007620
27452524	1019	1026	pathway	T044	C1704259

27452974|t|A review of risk factors for bovine tuberculosis infection in cattle in the UK and Ireland
27452974|a|Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an important disease of cattle caused by infection with Mycobacterium bovis, a pathogen that may be extremely difficult to eradicate in the presence of a true wildlife reservoir. Our objective was to identify and review relevant literature and provide a succinct summary of current knowledge of risk factors for transmission of infection of cattle. Search strings were developed to identify publications from electronic databases to February 2015. Abstracts of 4255 papers identified were reviewed by three reviewers to determine whether the entire article was likely to contain relevant information. Risk factors could be broadly grouped as follows: animal (including nutrition and genetics), herd (including bTB and testing history), environment, wildlife and social factors. Many risk factors are inter-related and study designs often do not enable differentiation between cause and consequence of infection. Despite differences in study design and location, some risk factors are consistently identified, e.g. herd size, bTB history, presence of infected wildlife, whereas the evidence for others is less consistent and coherent, e.g. nutrition, local cattle movements. We have identified knowledge gaps where further research may result in an improved understanding of bTB transmission dynamics. The application of targeted, multifactorial disease control regimens that address a range of risk factors simultaneously is likely to be a key to effective, evidence -informed control strategies.
27452974	2	11	review of	T169	C0699752
27452974	12	24	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27452974	29	48	bovine tuberculosis	T047	C0041307
27452974	49	58	infection	T046	C3714514
27452974	62	68	cattle	T015	C0007452
27452974	76	78	UK	T083	C0041700
27452974	83	90	Ireland	T083	C0022067
27452974	91	110	Bovine tuberculosis	T047	C0041307
27452974	112	115	bTB	T047	C0041307
27452974	133	140	disease	T047	C0012634
27452974	144	150	cattle	T015	C0007452
27452974	161	170	infection	T046	C3714514
27452974	176	195	Mycobacterium bovis	T007	C0026917
27452974	199	207	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27452974	260	268	presence	T033	C0150312
27452974	279	287	wildlife	T008	C0003070
27452974	288	297	reservoir	T083	C0442537
27452974	320	328	identify	T033	C0243095
27452974	333	339	review	T169	C0699752
27452974	340	348	relevant	T080	C2347946
27452974	349	359	literature	T170	C0023866
27452974	383	390	summary	T170	C1552616
27452974	415	427	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27452974	432	444	transmission	T046	C0242781
27452974	448	457	infection	T046	C3714514
27452974	461	467	cattle	T015	C0007452
27452974	469	475	Search	T052	C1706202
27452974	476	483	strings	T170	C1552692
27452974	502	510	identify	T033	C0243095
27452974	511	523	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
27452974	529	549	electronic databases	T170	C0242356
27452974	568	577	Abstracts	T170	C0600678
27452974	586	592	papers	T170	C1706852
27452974	593	603	identified	T080	C0205396
27452974	609	620	reviewed by	T080	C1709941
27452974	627	636	reviewers	T098	C1882950
27452974	669	676	article	T170	C1706852
27452974	699	707	relevant	T080	C2347946
27452974	708	719	information	T078	C1533716
27452974	721	733	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
27452974	751	758	grouped	T169	C1522242
27452974	771	777	animal	T008	C0003062
27452974	789	798	nutrition	T033	C0237169
27452974	803	811	genetics	T169	C0017399
27452974	814	818	herd	T054	C1690528
27452974	830	833	bTB	T047	C0041307
27452974	838	845	testing	T169	C0039593
27452974	846	853	history	T169	C0019665
27452974	856	867	environment	T082	C0014406
27452974	869	877	wildlife	T008	C0003070
27452974	882	896	social factors	T102	C0337460
27452974	903	915	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27452974	938	951	study designs	T062	C0035171
27452974	972	987	differentiation	T169	C2945687
27452974	996	1001	cause	T169	C0015127
27452974	1006	1020	consequence of	T169	C0686907
27452974	1021	1030	infection	T046	C3714514
27452974	1040	1051	differences	T080	C1705242
27452974	1055	1067	study design	T062	C0035171
27452974	1072	1080	location	T082	C0450429
27452974	1087	1099	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27452974	1117	1127	identified	T080	C0205396
27452974	1134	1138	herd	T054	C1690528
27452974	1139	1143	size	T082	C0456389
27452974	1145	1148	bTB	T047	C0041307
27452974	1149	1156	history	T169	C0019665
27452974	1170	1178	infected	T033	C0439663
27452974	1179	1187	wildlife	T008	C0003070
27452974	1201	1209	evidence	T078	C3887511
27452974	1229	1239	consistent	T078	C0332290
27452974	1244	1252	coherent	T033	C4068804
27452974	1259	1268	nutrition	T033	C0237169
27452974	1270	1275	local	T082	C0205276
27452974	1276	1282	cattle	T015	C0007452
27452974	1283	1292	movements	T040	C0026649
27452974	1302	1312	identified	T080	C0205396
27452974	1342	1350	research	T062	C0035168
27452974	1394	1397	bTB	T047	C0041307
27452974	1398	1410	transmission	T046	C0242781
27452974	1411	1419	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27452974	1425	1436	application	T169	C0205245
27452974	1440	1448	targeted	T169	C1521840
27452974	1450	1464	multifactorial	T033	C1837655
27452974	1465	1472	disease	T047	C0012634
27452974	1473	1489	control regimens	T080	C0243148
27452974	1514	1526	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27452974	1527	1541	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27452974	1567	1576	effective	T080	C1704419
27452974	1578	1586	evidence	T078	C3887511
27452974	1597	1615	control strategies	T080	C0243148

27453213|t|Aurantimonas endophytica sp. nov., a novel endophytic bacterium isolated from roots of Anabasis elatior (C. A. Mey.) Schischk
27453213|a|An orange-coloured, aerobic, motile and short-rods bacterial strain, designated EGI 6500337T, was isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a halophyte Anabasis elatior (C. A. Mey.) Schischk collected from Urumqi, Xinjiang province, north-west China. Growth occurred at 5-35 °C (optimum 30 °C), at pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0), and in the presence of 0-6 % NaCl (w/v) (optimum 0-1 %). Phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain EGI 6500337T formed a distinct lineage in the cluster that comprised the genera Aurantimonas and Aureimonas in the family Aurantimonadaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain EGI 6500337T shared the highest similarities to those of Aurantimonas coralicida DSM 14790T (97.15 %) and Aurantimonas manganoxydans DSM 21871T (97.15 %). Strain EGI 6500337T contained Q-10 as the dominant isoprenoid quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1 7c (66.4 %) and C19:0 8c cyclo (23.3 %). The polar lipid profile of strain EGI 6500337T contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine as major components, similarly to the members of the genus Aurantimonas. The DNA G+C content of strain EGI 6500337T was 66.8 mol%. The DNA - DNA relatedness between strain EGI 6500337T and Aurantimonas coralicida DSM 14790T was 24.7 ± 2.9 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data and phenotypic characteristics, strain EGI 6500337T represents a novel species of the genus Aurantimonas, for which the name Aurantimonas endophytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EGI 6500337T (= KCTC 52296T = CPCC 100904T).
27453213	0	33	Aurantimonas endophytica sp. nov.	T007	C1207105
27453213	43	63	endophytic bacterium	T004	C1265415
27453213	78	83	roots	T002	C0242726
27453213	87	125	Anabasis elatior (C. A. Mey.) Schischk	T002	C3012678
27453213	129	144	orange-coloured	T080	C1313858
27453213	146	153	aerobic	T080	C1510824
27453213	155	161	motile	T033	C1979933
27453213	166	193	short-rods bacterial strain	T007	C0004611
27453213	206	218	EGI 6500337T	T007	C0004611
27453213	261	265	root	T002	C0242726
27453213	271	280	halophyte	T002	C2350261
27453213	281	319	Anabasis elatior (C. A. Mey.) Schischk	T002	C3012678
27453213	335	341	Urumqi	T083	C0017446
27453213	343	360	Xinjiang province	T083	C0017446
27453213	362	378	north-west China	T083	C0008115
27453213	380	386	Growth	T040	C0018270
27453213	427	429	pH	T081	C0020283
27453213	447	449	pH	T081	C0020283
27453213	485	489	NaCl	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
27453213	513	530	Phylogenetic tree	T080	C1519069
27453213	540	548	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
27453213	549	563	gene sequences	T086	C0162327
27453213	579	598	strain EGI 6500337T	T007	C0004611
27453213	659	678	genera Aurantimonas	T007	C1207105
27453213	683	693	Aureimonas	T007	C1894985
27453213	701	725	family Aurantimonadaceae	T007	C1494877
27453213	731	739	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
27453213	740	753	gene sequence	T086	C0162327
27453213	757	776	strain EGI 6500337T	T007	C0004611
27453213	821	855	Aurantimonas coralicida DSM 14790T	T007	C1207106
27453213	870	907	Aurantimonas manganoxydans DSM 21871T	T007	C2783928
27453213	919	938	Strain EGI 6500337T	T007	C0004611
27453213	949	953	Q-10	T109	C0034435
27453213	970	988	isoprenoid quinone	T109	C0034435
27453213	1009	1020	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
27453213	1026	1035	C18:1 7c	T109	C2599892
27453213	1049	1064	C19:0 8c cyclo	T109	C0015684
27453213	1085	1098	lipid profile	T109	C0023779
27453213	1102	1121	strain EGI 6500337T	T007	C0004611
27453213	1132	1154	diphosphatidylglycerol	T109	C0023779
27453213	1156	1176	phosphatidylglycerol	T109,T123	C0031619
27453213	1178	1197	phosphatidylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27453213	1199	1223	phosphatidylethanolamine	T109,T123	C0031618
27453213	1277	1295	genus Aurantimonas	T007	C1207105
27453213	1301	1304	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27453213	1305	1316	G+C content	T081	C1135899
27453213	1320	1339	strain EGI 6500337T	T007	C0004611
27453213	1359	1362	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27453213	1365	1368	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27453213	1389	1408	strain EGI 6500337T	T007	C0004611
27453213	1413	1447	Aurantimonas coralicida DSM 14790T	T007	C1207106
27453213	1486	1507	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27453213	1509	1528	chemotaxonomic data	T078	C1511726
27453213	1533	1559	phenotypic characteristics	T032	C0031437
27453213	1561	1580	strain EGI 6500337T	T007	C0004611
27453213	1615	1633	genus Aurantimonas	T007	C1207105
27453213	1654	1687	Aurantimonas endophytica sp. nov.	T007	C1207105
27453213	1710	1716	strain	T007	C0004611
27453213	1720	1732	EGI 6500337T	T007	C0004611
27453213	1736	1747	KCTC 52296T	T007	C0004611
27453213	1750	1762	CPCC 100904T	T007	C0004611

27453359|t|Infectivity, effects on helper viruses and whitefly transmission of the deltasatellites associated with sweepoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae)
27453359|a|Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae) are whitefly - transmitted viruses with single-stranded DNA genomes that are frequently associated with DNA satellites. These satellites include non-coding satellites, for which the name deltasatellites has been proposed. Although the first deltasatellite was identified in the late 1990s, little is known about the effects they have on infections of their helper begomoviruses. Recently a group of deltasatellites were identified associated with sweepoviruses, a group of phylogenetically distinct begomoviruses that infect plants of the family Convolvulaceae including sweet potato. In this work, the deltasatellites associated with sweepoviruses are shown to be transreplicated and maintained in plants by the virus with which they were identified, sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV). These deltasatellites were shown generally to reduce symptom severity of the virus infection by reducing virus DNA levels. Additionally they were shown to be maintained in plants, and reduce the symptoms induced by two Old World monopartite begomoviruses, tomato yellow leaf curl virus and tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus. Finally one of the satellites was shown to be transmitted plant -to- plant in the presence of SPLCV by the whitefly vector of the virus, Bemisia tabaci, being the first time a deltasatellite has been shown to be insect transmitted.
27453359	0	11	Infectivity	T080	C0030657
27453359	24	38	helper viruses	T005	C0018895
27453359	43	51	whitefly	T204	C0600240
27453359	52	64	transmission	T043	C1160716
27453359	72	87	deltasatellites	T005	C0036238
27453359	88	103	associated with	T080	C0332281
27453359	104	117	sweepoviruses	T005	C0042776
27453359	119	124	genus	T185	C1708235
27453359	125	136	Begomovirus	T005	C0949508
27453359	138	158	family Geminiviridae	T005	C0206262
27453359	160	173	Begomoviruses	T005	C0949508
27453359	175	181	family	T077	C1704727
27453359	182	195	Geminiviridae	T005	C0206262
27453359	201	209	whitefly	T204	C0600240
27453359	212	223	transmitted	T043	C1160716
27453359	224	231	viruses	T005	C0042776
27453359	237	264	single-stranded DNA genomes	T026	C1167526
27453359	285	300	associated with	T080	C0332281
27453359	301	315	DNA satellites	T114,T123	C0012934
27453359	323	333	satellites	T005	C0036238
27453359	384	399	deltasatellites	T005	C0036238
27453359	438	452	deltasatellite	T005	C0036238
27453359	534	544	infections	T046	C3714514
27453359	554	560	helper	T005	C0018895
27453359	561	574	begomoviruses	T005	C0949508
27453359	596	611	deltasatellites	T005	C0036238
27453359	628	643	associated with	T080	C0332281
27453359	644	657	sweepoviruses	T005	C0042776
27453359	696	709	begomoviruses	T005	C0949508
27453359	715	721	infect	T046	C3714514
27453359	722	728	plants	T002	C0032098
27453359	736	757	family Convolvulaceae	T002	C0949810
27453359	768	780	sweet potato	T002	C0331252
27453359	800	815	deltasatellites	T005	C0036238
27453359	816	831	associated with	T080	C0332281
27453359	832	845	sweepoviruses	T005	C0042776
27453359	862	877	transreplicated	T045	C0314627
27453359	896	902	plants	T002	C0032098
27453359	910	915	virus	T005	C0042776
27453359	949	977	sweet potato leaf curl virus	T005	C1046402
27453359	979	984	SPLCV	T005	C1046402
27453359	993	1008	deltasatellites	T005	C0036238
27453359	1033	1039	reduce	T080	C0392756
27453359	1040	1056	symptom severity	T033	C1319166
27453359	1064	1079	virus infection	T047	C0042769
27453359	1083	1091	reducing	T080	C0392756
27453359	1092	1101	virus DNA	T114	C0012939
27453359	1102	1108	levels	T080	C0441889
27453359	1159	1165	plants	T002	C0032098
27453359	1171	1177	reduce	T080	C0392756
27453359	1182	1190	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27453359	1191	1198	induced	T169	C0205263
27453359	1206	1241	Old World monopartite begomoviruses	T005	C0949508
27453359	1243	1272	tomato yellow leaf curl virus	T005	C0999922
27453359	1277	1315	tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus	T005	C1059647
27453359	1336	1346	satellites	T005	C0036238
27453359	1363	1374	transmitted	T043	C1160716
27453359	1375	1380	plant	T002	C0032098
27453359	1386	1391	plant	T002	C0032098
27453359	1411	1416	SPLCV	T005	C1046402
27453359	1424	1432	whitefly	T204	C0600240
27453359	1433	1452	vector of the virus	T121	C1520007
27453359	1454	1468	Bemisia tabaci	T204	C1081076
27453359	1493	1507	deltasatellite	T005	C0036238
27453359	1529	1535	insect	T204	C0021585
27453359	1536	1547	transmitted	T043	C1160716

27453556|t|Reintervention after endovascular repair for aortic dissection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
27453556|a|Thoracic endovascular aortic repair has been chosen as a less-invasive alternative to open surgery for the treatment of aortic dissections; however, the advantages have been challenged by the postoperative reintervention during the follow-up period. This study aimed at evaluating the incidence, reasons, and potential risk factors for reintervention. Studies reporting reintervention after endovascular repair were identified by searching PubMed and Embase in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines, and by reviewing the reference lists of retrieved articles. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses were performed to determine the sources of heterogeneity. Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to determine the publication bias. A total of 27 studies encompassing 2403 patients with aortic dissection were identified. The pooled incidence of reintervention after endovascular repair was 15% (95% confidence interval, 12-19) during 33.7 months of follow-up. The 3 most common reasons for reintervention were endoleak (33.2%), false lumen perfusion and aortic dilation (19.8%), and new dissection (6.9%). The potential factors for reintervention were the mean age of onset and diabetes mellitus determined by performing a single meta-regression analysis (P < .001 and .044, respectively). Current data suggest that the incidence of reintervention after endovascular therapy is relatively high during midterm follow-up. Advanced age of onset is a risk factor and diabetes mellitus is a protective factor of reintervention after endovascular therapy. The possible mechanism that diabetes mellitus protects patients from reintervention should be explored further.
27453556	0	14	Reintervention	T061	C0184661
27453556	21	40	endovascular repair	T061	C3468484
27453556	45	62	aortic dissection	T047	C0340643
27453556	66	83	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27453556	88	101	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27453556	102	137	Thoracic endovascular aortic repair	T061	C3468484
27453556	159	172	less-invasive	T080	C0205281
27453556	173	184	alternative	T077	C1523987
27453556	188	200	open surgery	T061	C4283938
27453556	209	218	treatment	T169	C1522326
27453556	222	240	aortic dissections	T047	C0340643
27453556	294	307	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27453556	308	322	reintervention	T061	C0184661
27453556	334	343	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27453556	344	350	period	T079	C1948053
27453556	387	396	incidence	T081	C0021149
27453556	398	405	reasons	T078	C0392360
27453556	411	420	potential	T080	C3245505
27453556	421	433	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27453556	438	452	reintervention	T061	C0184661
27453556	472	486	reintervention	T061	C0184661
27453556	493	512	endovascular repair	T061	C3468484
27453556	518	528	identified	T080	C0205396
27453556	532	541	searching	T052	C1706202
27453556	542	548	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27453556	553	559	Embase	T170	C0282574
27453556	609	627	systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
27453556	632	645	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
27453556	646	656	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27453556	665	674	reviewing	T080	C1704362
27453556	679	694	reference lists	T170	C1317676
27453556	698	716	retrieved articles	T170	C1706852
27453556	718	729	Sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27453556	730	738	analysis	T062	C0936012
27453556	743	751	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27453556	752	760	analyses	T062	C0936012
27453556	766	775	performed	T169	C0884358
27453556	793	800	sources	T033	C0449416
27453556	804	817	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27453556	819	830	Funnel plot	T081	C0392762
27453556	835	847	Egger's test	T081	C0392762
27453556	875	891	publication bias	T080	C0206086
27453556	933	941	patients	T101	C0030705
27453556	947	964	aortic dissection	T047	C0340643
27453556	970	980	identified	T080	C0205396
27453556	986	992	pooled	T169	C2349200
27453556	993	1002	incidence	T081	C0021149
27453556	1006	1020	reintervention	T061	C0184661
27453556	1027	1046	endovascular repair	T061	C3468484
27453556	1060	1079	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27453556	1100	1106	months	T079	C0439231
27453556	1110	1119	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27453556	1139	1146	reasons	T078	C0392360
27453556	1151	1165	reintervention	T061	C0184661
27453556	1171	1179	endoleak	T046	C1504464
27453556	1189	1210	false lumen perfusion	T046	C3805269
27453556	1215	1230	aortic dilation	T033	C4229558
27453556	1244	1247	new	T080	C0205314
27453556	1248	1258	dissection	T047	C0340643
27453556	1271	1280	potential	T080	C3245505
27453556	1281	1288	factors	T169	C1521761
27453556	1293	1307	reintervention	T061	C0184661
27453556	1322	1334	age of onset	T081	C0206132
27453556	1339	1356	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27453556	1384	1415	single meta-regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27453556	1459	1463	data	T078	C1511726
27453556	1481	1490	incidence	T081	C0021149
27453556	1494	1508	reintervention	T061	C0184661
27453556	1515	1535	endovascular therapy	T061	C2936204
27453556	1562	1569	midterm	T079	C1515273
27453556	1570	1579	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27453556	1590	1602	age of onset	T081	C0206132
27453556	1608	1619	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27453556	1624	1641	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27453556	1647	1664	protective factor	T055	C0679688
27453556	1668	1682	reintervention	T061	C0184661
27453556	1689	1709	endovascular therapy	T061	C2936204
27453556	1724	1733	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27453556	1739	1756	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27453556	1766	1774	patients	T101	C0030705
27453556	1780	1794	reintervention	T061	C0184661
27453556	1814	1821	further	T082	C1517331

27453830|t|Assessment and classification of protocol deviations
27453830|a|Deviations from the approved trial protocol are common during clinical trials. They have been conventionally classified as deviations or violations, depending on their impact on the trial. A new method has been proposed by which deviations are classified in five grades from 1 to 5. A deviation of Grade 1 has no impact on the subjects' well-being or on the quality of data. At the maximum, a deviation Grade 5 leads to the death of the subject. This method of classification was applied to deviations noted in the center over the last 3 years. It was observed that most deviations were of Grades 1 and 2, with fewer falling in Grades 3 and 4. There were no deviations that led to the death of the subject (Grade 5). This method of classification would help trial managers decide on the action to be taken on the occurrence of deviations, which would be based on their impact.
27453830	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27453830	15	29	classification	T185	C0008902
27453830	33	52	protocol deviations	T033	C1705236
27453830	53	63	Deviations	T033	C1705236
27453830	82	96	trial protocol	T170	C2599718
27453830	115	130	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27453830	162	172	classified	T185	C0008902
27453830	176	186	deviations	T033	C1705236
27453830	190	200	violations	T062	C1709750
27453830	221	227	impact	T080	C4049986
27453830	235	240	trial	T062	C0008976
27453830	282	292	deviations	T033	C1705236
27453830	297	307	classified	T185	C0008902
27453830	316	334	grades from 1 to 5	T185	C0008902
27453830	338	347	deviation	T033	C1705236
27453830	351	358	Grade 1	T033	C0687695
27453830	363	365	no	T033	C1513916
27453830	366	372	impact	T080	C4049986
27453830	380	389	subjects'	T098	C2349001
27453830	390	400	well-being	T033	C0424578
27453830	411	426	quality of data	T080	C0242483
27453830	446	455	deviation	T033	C1705236
27453830	456	463	Grade 5	T185	C0441804
27453830	477	482	death	T033	C1306577
27453830	490	497	subject	T098	C2349001
27453830	514	528	classification	T185	C0008902
27453830	544	554	deviations	T033	C1705236
27453830	624	634	deviations	T033	C1705236
27453830	643	657	Grades 1 and 2	T185	C0008902
27453830	681	695	Grades 3 and 4	T185	C0008902
27453830	711	721	deviations	T033	C1705236
27453830	738	758	death of the subject	T033	C3897054
27453830	785	799	classification	T185	C0008902
27453830	811	816	trial	T062	C0008976
27453830	817	825	managers	T097	C0335141
27453830	866	876	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27453830	880	890	deviations	T033	C1705236
27453830	922	928	impact	T080	C4049986

27454066|t|Optimizing Prone Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Identifying the Vertebral Level Correlating With the Largest Left Ventricle Cross-Sectional Area via Computed Tomography Scan
27454066|a|Placing the patient in the prone position frequently is required for some surgical procedures. If cardiac arrest occurs and the patient cannot be safely turned supine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may need to be performed with the patient in the prone position. Although clear landmarks have been defined for supine CPR, the optimal hand position for CPR in the prone position has not been clearly determined. The purpose of this study was to determine anatomically the optimal hand position for CPR in the prone position. We reviewed retrospectively the chest computed tomography images of 100 patients taken in the prone position. The vertebral body levels crossing the medial angle of the scapula, the inferior angle of the scapula, and the spinous process of the vertebral body connected to the most inferior rib were identified, and we selected the image level at which the left ventricular (LV) cross-sectional area was the largest. This level was defined as the optimal compression level and correlated to surface anatomical landmarks. We calculated the ratio of the distance from the C7 spinous process to the level of the largest LV cross-sectional area divided by the distance from the C7 spinous process to the spinous process of the vertebral body connected with the most inferior rib. The level of the largest LV cross-sectional area in the prone position was 1 vertebral segment below the inferior angle of the scapula in 45% (99% confidence interval [CI], 33-58) of patients and 0 to 2 vertebral segments below that in 95% (99% CI, 86-98) of patients. The mean (SD) ratio of the distance from the C7 spinous process to the level of the largest LV cross-sectional area divided by the distance from the C7 spinous process to T12 spinous process was 67% ± 7% (99% CI, 65-69). When the patient is positioned prone, the largest LV cross-sectional area is 0 to 2 vertebral segments below the inferior angle of the scapula in at least 86% of patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether this position is optimal for chest compressions in the prone position.
27454066	0	10	Optimizing	T052	C2698650
27454066	11	16	Prone	T082	C0033422
27454066	17	46	Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation	T061	C0007203
27454066	64	79	Vertebral Level	T029	C0446409
27454066	80	91	Correlating	T080	C1707520
27454066	101	108	Largest	T081	C0443228
27454066	109	123	Left Ventricle	T023	C0225897
27454066	124	144	Cross-Sectional Area	T082	C0552389
27454066	149	173	Computed Tomography Scan	T060	C0040405
27454066	186	193	patient	T101	C0030705
27454066	201	215	prone position	T082	C0033422
27454066	216	226	frequently	T079	C0332183
27454066	230	238	required	T169	C1514873
27454066	248	267	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
27454066	272	286	cardiac arrest	T047	C0018790
27454066	287	293	occurs	T052	C1709305
27454066	302	309	patient	T101	C0030705
27454066	334	340	supine	T082	C0038846
27454066	342	371	cardiopulmonary resuscitation	T061	C0007203
27454066	373	376	CPR	T061	C0007203
27454066	393	402	performed	T169	C0884358
27454066	412	419	patient	T101	C0030705
27454066	427	441	prone position	T082	C0033422
27454066	478	485	defined	T080	C0442825
27454066	490	496	supine	T082	C0038846
27454066	497	500	CPR	T061	C0007203
27454066	506	513	optimal	T080	C2698651
27454066	514	527	hand position	T082	C1254362
27454066	532	535	CPR	T061	C0007203
27454066	543	557	prone position	T082	C0033422
27454066	562	589	not been clearly determined	T080	C0521096
27454066	595	602	purpose	T169	C1285529
27454066	611	616	study	T062	C2603343
27454066	634	646	anatomically	T080	C0220784
27454066	651	658	optimal	T080	C2698651
27454066	659	672	hand position	T082	C1254362
27454066	677	680	CPR	T061	C0007203
27454066	688	702	prone position	T082	C0033422
27454066	707	715	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27454066	716	731	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27454066	736	761	chest computed tomography	T060	C0202823
27454066	762	768	images	T073	C3889671
27454066	776	784	patients	T101	C0030705
27454066	798	812	prone position	T082	C0033422
27454066	818	839	vertebral body levels	T029	C0446409
27454066	853	880	medial angle of the scapula	T029	C4241276
27454066	886	915	inferior angle of the scapula	T029	C0507151
27454066	925	940	spinous process	T017	C3897005
27454066	948	962	vertebral body	T023	C0223084
27454066	963	972	connected	T052	C2986575
27454066	980	997	most inferior rib	T029	C0502473
27454066	1035	1040	image	T170	C1704254
27454066	1041	1046	level	T080	C0441889
27454066	1060	1076	left ventricular	T023	C0225897
27454066	1078	1080	LV	T023	C0225897
27454066	1082	1102	cross-sectional area	T082	C0552389
27454066	1111	1118	largest	T081	C0443228
27454066	1125	1130	level	T080	C0441889
27454066	1150	1157	optimal	T080	C2698651
27454066	1158	1169	compression	T070	C0728907
27454066	1170	1175	level	T080	C0441889
27454066	1180	1190	correlated	T080	C1707520
27454066	1202	1222	anatomical landmarks	T029	C0504075
27454066	1227	1237	calculated	T059	C1443182
27454066	1255	1263	distance	T081	C0012751
27454066	1273	1291	C7 spinous process	T023	C1305494
27454066	1299	1304	level	T080	C0441889
27454066	1312	1319	largest	T081	C0443228
27454066	1320	1322	LV	T023	C0225897
27454066	1323	1343	cross-sectional area	T082	C0552389
27454066	1344	1351	divided	T169	C0332849
27454066	1359	1367	distance	T081	C0012751
27454066	1377	1395	C7 spinous process	T023	C1305494
27454066	1403	1418	spinous process	T017	C3897005
27454066	1426	1440	vertebral body	T023	C0223084
27454066	1441	1450	connected	T052	C2986575
27454066	1460	1477	most inferior rib	T029	C0502473
27454066	1483	1488	level	T080	C0441889
27454066	1496	1503	largest	T081	C0443228
27454066	1504	1506	LV	T023	C0225897
27454066	1507	1527	cross-sectional area	T082	C0552389
27454066	1535	1549	prone position	T082	C0033422
27454066	1554	1573	1 vertebral segment	T023	C2336001
27454066	1584	1613	inferior angle of the scapula	T029	C0507151
27454066	1626	1645	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27454066	1647	1649	CI	T081	C0009667
27454066	1662	1670	patients	T101	C0030705
27454066	1675	1700	0 to 2 vertebral segments	T023	C2336001
27454066	1724	1726	CI	T081	C0009667
27454066	1738	1746	patients	T101	C0030705
27454066	1758	1760	SD	T081	C0871420
27454066	1775	1783	distance	T081	C0012751
27454066	1793	1811	C7 spinous process	T023	C1305494
27454066	1819	1824	level	T080	C0441889
27454066	1832	1839	largest	T081	C0443228
27454066	1840	1842	LV	T023	C0225897
27454066	1843	1863	cross-sectional area	T082	C0552389
27454066	1864	1871	divided	T169	C0332849
27454066	1879	1887	distance	T081	C0012751
27454066	1897	1915	C7 spinous process	T023	C1305494
27454066	1919	1938	T12 spinous process	T023	C0223373
27454066	1957	1959	CI	T081	C0009667
27454066	1978	1985	patient	T101	C0030705
27454066	1989	2005	positioned prone	T082	C0033422
27454066	2011	2018	largest	T081	C0443228
27454066	2019	2021	LV	T023	C0225897
27454066	2022	2042	cross-sectional area	T082	C0552389
27454066	2046	2071	0 to 2 vertebral segments	T023	C2336001
27454066	2082	2111	inferior angle of the scapula	T029	C0507151
27454066	2131	2139	patients	T101	C0030705
27454066	2149	2156	studies	T062	C2603343
27454066	2194	2202	position	T082	C0733755
27454066	2206	2213	optimal	T080	C2698651
27454066	2218	2236	chest compressions	T061	C0007203
27454066	2244	2258	prone position	T082	C0033422

27454252|t|12-Lead electrocardiogram as a predictor of sudden cardiac death: from epidemiology to clinical practice
27454252|a|Sudden cardiac death (SCD) causes a high burden of premature deaths in the population affecting subjects of all ages. The identification of subjects at high risk for SCD is of great importance as the prevention of many of these events would be possible with the treatment of underlying cardiac diseases and the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD). However, the current selection of patients for ICD therapy is based solely on left ventricular ejection fraction, and thus a substantial portion of patients at high risk does not qualify for the therapy. Role of the standard electrocardiogram (ECG) in SCD risk stratification has been under active research during the last decade and multiple abnormalities of depolarization and repolarization on the ECG associated with an increased risk of SCD have been identified. In this review, we describe the basic pathophysiological principles behind these changes. We also review the current knowledge of the prognostic significance of ECG predictors of SCD in the general population, and in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, cardiomyopathies, and in inheritable arrhythmia syndromes. Also, insights into the novel digital ECG signal processing techniques are provided.
27454252	0	25	12-Lead electrocardiogram	T060	C0430456
27454252	31	40	predictor	T078	C2698872
27454252	44	64	sudden cardiac death	T046	C0085298
27454252	71	83	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27454252	87	104	clinical practice	T061	C0695275
27454252	105	125	Sudden cardiac death	T046	C0085298
27454252	127	130	SCD	T046	C0085298
27454252	156	172	premature deaths	T033	C1855073
27454252	180	190	population	T098	C1257890
27454252	217	221	ages	T100	C0027362
27454252	262	266	risk	T058	C0086930
27454252	271	274	SCD	T046	C0085298
27454252	367	376	treatment	T061	C0087111
27454252	391	407	cardiac diseases	T047	C0018799
27454252	423	462	implantable cardioverter-defibrillators	T074	C0162589
27454252	464	467	ICD	T074	C0162589
27454252	504	512	patients	T101	C0030705
27454252	517	520	ICD	T074	C0162589
27454252	521	528	therapy	T061	C0087111
27454252	548	582	left ventricular ejection fraction	T201	C0428772
27454252	618	626	patients	T101	C0030705
27454252	635	639	risk	T058	C0086930
27454252	665	672	therapy	T061	C0087111
27454252	686	712	standard electrocardiogram	T060	C0542504
27454252	714	717	ECG	T060	C1623258
27454252	722	725	SCD	T046	C0085298
27454252	726	730	risk	T058	C0086930
27454252	731	745	stratification	T062	C1514983
27454252	768	776	research	T062	C0035168
27454252	793	799	decade	T081	C2981279
27454252	813	826	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27454252	830	844	depolarization	T046	C1395184
27454252	849	863	repolarization	T033	C0948857
27454252	871	874	ECG	T060	C1623258
27454252	904	908	risk	T058	C0086930
27454252	912	915	SCD	T046	C0085298
27454252	976	994	pathophysiological	T046	C0277785
27454252	1055	1064	knowledge	T033	C0518904
27454252	1072	1082	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27454252	1099	1102	ECG	T060	C1623258
27454252	1103	1113	predictors	T078	C2698872
27454252	1117	1120	SCD	T046	C0085298
27454252	1128	1146	general population	T098	C0683971
27454252	1155	1163	patients	T101	C0030705
27454252	1169	1191	coronary heart disease	T047	C0010068
27454252	1193	1196	CHD	T047	C0010068
27454252	1199	1212	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27454252	1214	1230	cardiomyopathies	T047	C0878544
27454252	1239	1250	inheritable	T169	C0439660
27454252	1251	1271	arrhythmia syndromes	T033	C0003811
27454252	1311	1314	ECG	T060	C1623258
27454252	1315	1321	signal	T067	C1710082
27454252	1333	1343	techniques	T169	C0449851

27454379|t|How Can We Estimate Sepsis Incidence and Mortality?
27454379|a|Sepsis is one of the oldest and complex syndromes in medicine that has been in debate for over two millennia. Valid and comparable data on the population burden of sepsis constitute an essential resource for guiding health policy and resource allocation. Despite current epidemiological data suggesting that the global burden of sepsis is huge, the knowledge of its incidence, prevalence, mortality, and case-fatality rates is subject to several flaws. The objective of this narrative review is to assess how sepsis incidence and mortality can be estimated, providing examples on how it has been done so far in medical literature and discussing its possible biases. Results of recent studies suggest that sepsis incidence rates are increasing consistently during the last decades. Although estimates might be biased, this probably reflects a real increase in incidence over time. Nevertheless, case fatality rates have decreased, which is a probable reflex of advances in critical care provision to this very sick population at high risk of death. This conclusion can only be drawn with a reasonable degree of certainty for high-income countries. Conversely, adequately designed studies from middle - and low-income countries are urgently needed. In these countries, sepsis incidence and case-fatality rates could be disproportionally higher due to health care provision constraints and ineffective preventive measures.
27454379	11	19	Estimate	T081	C0750572
27454379	20	26	Sepsis	T047	C0243026
27454379	27	36	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27454379	41	50	Mortality	T081	C0205848
27454379	52	58	Sepsis	T047	C0243026
27454379	73	101	oldest and complex syndromes	T047	C0039082
27454379	105	113	medicine	T091	C0025118
27454379	131	137	debate	T052	C0870392
27454379	147	160	two millennia	T079	C2362314
27454379	162	167	Valid	T080	C2349099
27454379	172	182	comparable	T080	C2348205
27454379	183	187	data	T078	C1511726
27454379	195	205	population	T098	C1257890
27454379	206	212	burden	T078	C2828008
27454379	216	222	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27454379	247	255	resource	T078	C0035201
27454379	268	281	health policy	T089	C0018735
27454379	286	305	resource allocation	T081	C0086914
27454379	323	343	epidemiological data	T169	C1516907
27454379	364	387	global burden of sepsis	T170	C4277729
27454379	381	387	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27454379	418	439	incidence, prevalence	T081	C0683919
27454379	441	450	mortality	T081	C0205848
27454379	456	475	case-fatality rates	T081	C0282250
27454379	527	543	narrative review	UnknownType	C0815257
27454379	561	567	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27454379	568	577	incidence	T081	C0021149
27454379	582	591	mortality	T081	C0205848
27454379	599	608	estimated	T081	C0750572
27454379	620	628	examples	T077	C1707959
27454379	663	670	medical	T169	C0205476
27454379	671	681	literature	T170	C0023866
27454379	710	716	biases	T078	C0242568
27454379	757	763	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27454379	764	779	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27454379	784	794	increasing	T169	C0442808
27454379	824	831	decades	T081	C2981279
27454379	842	851	estimates	T081	C0750572
27454379	861	867	biased	T078	C0242568
27454379	899	907	increase	T169	C0442805
27454379	911	920	incidence	T081	C0021149
27454379	926	930	time	T079	C0040223
27454379	946	965	case fatality rates	T081	C0282250
27454379	971	980	decreased	T081	C0205216
27454379	1024	1047	critical care provision	T091	C1547142
27454379	1061	1065	sick	T184	C0221423
27454379	1066	1076	population	T098	C1257890
27454379	1080	1098	high risk of death	T033	C0243095
27454379	1105	1115	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27454379	1152	1171	degree of certainty	T080	C0205556
27454379	1176	1187	high-income	T033	C0948433
27454379	1188	1197	countries	T083	C0454664
27454379	1244	1250	middle	T033	C0243095
27454379	1257	1267	low-income	T033	C1331016
27454379	1268	1277	countries	T083	C0454664
27454379	1308	1317	countries	T083	C0454664
27454379	1319	1325	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27454379	1326	1335	incidence	T081	C0021149
27454379	1340	1359	case-fatality rates	T081	C0282250
27454379	1401	1422	health care provision	T033	C1821241
27454379	1423	1434	constraints	T169	C0443288
27454379	1439	1450	ineffective	T078	C3242229
27454379	1451	1470	preventive measures	UnknownType	C0814446

27454401|t|Fabrication and modelling of fractal, biomimetic, micro and nano-topographical surfaces
27454401|a|Natural surface topographies are often self-similar with hierarchical features at the micro and nanoscale, which may be mimicked to overcome modern tissue engineering and biomaterial design limitations. Specifically, a cell's microenvironment within the human body contains highly optimised, fractal topographical cues, which directs precise cell behaviour. However, recreating biomimetic, fractal topographies in vitro is not a trivial process and a number of fabrication methods have been proposed but often fail to precisely control the spatial resolution of features at different lengths scales and hence, to provide true biomimetic properties. Here, we propose a method of accurately reproducing the self-similar, micro and nanoscale topography of a human biological tissue into a synthetic polymer through an innovative fabrication process. The biological tissue surface was characterised using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to obtain spatial data in X, Y and Z, which was converted into a grayscale 'digital photomask'. As a result of maskless grayscale optical lithography followed by modified deep reactive ion etching and replica molding, we were able to accurately reproduce the fractal topography of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Characterisation using AFM at three different length scales revealed that the nano and micro-topographical features, in addition to the fractal dimension, of native ADM were reproduced in PDMS. In conclusion, it has been shown that the fractal topography of biological surfaces can be mimicked in synthetic materials using the novel fabrication process outlined, which may be applied to significantly enhance medical device biocompatibility and performance.
27454401	0	11	Fabrication	T067	C1254366
27454401	16	25	modelling	T062	C0870071
27454401	29	36	fractal	T082	C0205148
27454401	38	48	biomimetic	T082	C0205148
27454401	50	55	micro	T082	C0205148
27454401	60	87	nano-topographical surfaces	T082	C0205148
27454401	88	95	Natural	T169	C0205296
27454401	96	116	surface topographies	UnknownType	C0459111
27454401	145	166	hierarchical features	T080	C2348519
27454401	174	179	micro	T077	C1254372
27454401	184	193	nanoscale	T077	C1254372
27454401	229	235	modern	T079	C1254367
27454401	236	254	tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
27454401	259	270	biomaterial	T122	C0005479
27454401	271	277	design	T052	C1707689
27454401	278	289	limitations	T169	C0449295
27454401	307	330	cell's microenvironment	T070	C3179020
27454401	342	352	human body	T016	C0242821
27454401	380	406	fractal topographical cues	T029	C0005898
27454401	430	434	cell	T025	C0007634
27454401	435	444	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27454401	455	465	recreating	T169	C0205245
27454401	466	476	biomimetic	T082	C0870781
27454401	478	498	fractal topographies	T082	C0870781
27454401	499	507	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27454401	517	532	trivial process	T067	C1522240
27454401	549	568	fabrication methods	T067	C1254366
27454401	598	602	fail	T169	C0231175
27454401	616	623	control	T080	C0243148
27454401	628	646	spatial resolution	T082	C1254362
27454401	650	658	features	T080	C2348519
27454401	662	671	different	T080	C1705242
27454401	672	679	lengths	T081	C1444754
27454401	680	686	scales	T074	C0183110
27454401	714	735	biomimetic properties	T080	C0871161
27454401	756	762	method	T170	C0025663
27454401	766	776	accurately	T080	C0443131
27454401	777	788	reproducing	T169	C0205245
27454401	807	812	micro	T082	C0870781
27454401	817	837	nanoscale topography	T082	C0870781
27454401	843	848	human	T016	C0086418
27454401	849	866	biological tissue	T024	C0457457
27454401	874	891	synthetic polymer	T109,T122	C0440257
27454401	914	933	fabrication process	T067	C1254366
27454401	939	956	biological tissue	T024	C0457457
27454401	957	964	surface	T082	C0205148
27454401	969	982	characterised	T052	C1880022
27454401	989	1012	atomic force microscopy	T059	C0242849
27454401	1014	1017	AFM	T059	C0242849
27454401	1029	1036	spatial	T082	C1254362
27454401	1037	1041	data	T078	C1511726
27454401	1084	1113	grayscale 'digital photomask'	T071	C2827989
27454401	1130	1168	maskless grayscale optical lithography	T057	C0599199
27454401	1181	1215	modified deep reactive ion etching	T067	C1254366
27454401	1220	1235	replica molding	T067	C1254366
27454401	1253	1263	accurately	T080	C0443131
27454401	1278	1296	fractal topography	T082	C0870781
27454401	1300	1323	acellular dermal matrix	T024	C3494272
27454401	1325	1328	ADM	T024	C3494272
27454401	1335	1355	polydimethylsiloxane	T109,T122	C0137758
27454401	1357	1361	PDMS	T109,T122	C0137758
27454401	1364	1380	Characterisation	T052	C1880022
27454401	1387	1390	AFM	T059	C0242849
27454401	1400	1409	different	T080	C1705242
27454401	1410	1416	length	T081	C1444754
27454401	1417	1423	scales	T074	C0183110
27454401	1442	1446	nano	T082	C0870781
27454401	1451	1470	micro-topographical	T082	C0870781
27454401	1471	1479	features	T080	C2348519
27454401	1500	1517	fractal dimension	T081	C0439534
27454401	1522	1528	native	T169	C0302891
27454401	1529	1532	ADM	T024	C3494272
27454401	1538	1548	reproduced	T169	C0205245
27454401	1552	1556	PDMS	T109,T122	C0137758
27454401	1600	1618	fractal topography	T082	C0870781
27454401	1622	1641	biological surfaces	T082	C0205148
27454401	1661	1680	synthetic materials	T073	C0440251
27454401	1691	1696	novel	T080	C0205314
27454401	1697	1716	fabrication process	T067	C1254366
27454401	1773	1787	medical device	T074	C0025080
27454401	1788	1804	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
27454401	1809	1820	performance	T052	C1882330

27454637|t|An Anechoic Space at the Carpal Tunnel Inlet is a Consistent Ultrasonographic Entity which Accommodates Tendon Displacement during Finger Flexion
27454637|a|We consistently observed the presence of anechoic spaces on standard ultrasonographic imaging of the carpal tunnel inlet in normal subjects. These spaces change in size during finger flexion and have not been characterized in a large sample of normal individuals. Ultrasonographic quantification of these spaces may indicate the available space in the region of the carpal tunnel, which allows the normal motion of tendons and the median nerve. Transverse ultrasonographic images of the carpal tunnel inlet from 33 asymptomatic volunteers were obtained at Position A (fingers in extension) and B (fingers in flexion). Cross-sectional area (CSA), perimeter and position of anechoic space relative to median nerve were recorded. Analysis showed a 75.4% prevalence rate of a single anechoic space. Two discrete patterns were observed. 89.1% had a decrease in CSA and perimeter of anechoic space from Position A to B while 10.9% exhibited an increase. Mean position of the anechoic space is ulnar (7.49 ± 3.57 mm) and dorsal (2.18 ± 1.28 mm) to the median nerve. A consistent anechoic space at the carpal tunnel inlet is seen in 75.4% of normal hands and can be quantified (cross sectional area 11.75 ± 7.36 mm(2)). It allows for the accommodation of flexor tendons during finger flexion.
27454637	3	17	Anechoic Space	T030	C0229984
27454637	25	38	Carpal Tunnel	T030	C0225091
27454637	39	44	Inlet	T082	C1508324
27454637	61	77	Ultrasonographic	T060	C0041618
27454637	78	84	Entity	T071	C1551338
27454637	104	123	Tendon Displacement	T037	C0438450
27454637	131	137	Finger	T023	C0016129
27454637	138	145	Flexion	T042	C0231452
27454637	162	170	observed	T169	C1441672
27454637	187	202	anechoic spaces	T030	C0229984
27454637	215	239	ultrasonographic imaging	T060	C0041618
27454637	247	260	carpal tunnel	T030	C0225091
27454637	261	266	inlet	T082	C1508324
27454637	270	276	normal	T080	C0205307
27454637	277	285	subjects	T098	C0080105
27454637	293	299	spaces	T030	C0229984
27454637	300	314	change in size	T081	C0541591
27454637	322	328	finger	T023	C0016129
27454637	329	336	flexion	T042	C0231452
27454637	355	368	characterized	T052	C1880022
27454637	390	396	normal	T080	C0205307
27454637	397	408	individuals	T098	C0237401
27454637	410	426	Ultrasonographic	T060	C0041618
27454637	427	441	quantification	T081	C1709793
27454637	451	457	spaces	T030	C0229984
27454637	485	490	space	T082	C0205146
27454637	498	504	region	T082	C0205147
27454637	512	525	carpal tunnel	T030	C0225091
27454637	544	550	normal	T080	C0205307
27454637	551	557	motion	T042	C1254358
27454637	561	568	tendons	T023	C0039508
27454637	577	589	median nerve	T023	C0025058
27454637	602	618	ultrasonographic	T060	C0041618
27454637	619	625	images	T170	C1704922
27454637	633	646	carpal tunnel	T030	C0225091
27454637	647	652	inlet	T082	C1508324
27454637	661	673	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27454637	674	684	volunteers	T098	C0020155
27454637	702	712	Position A	T082	C0733755
27454637	714	721	fingers	T023	C0016129
27454637	725	734	extension	T042	C1254358
27454637	740	741	B	T082	C0733755
27454637	743	750	fingers	T023	C0016129
27454637	754	761	flexion	T042	C0231452
27454637	764	784	Cross-sectional area	T082	C0552389
27454637	786	789	CSA	T082	C0552389
27454637	792	801	perimeter	T081	C0012751
27454637	806	814	position	T082	C0733755
27454637	818	832	anechoic space	T030	C0229984
27454637	845	857	median nerve	T023	C0025058
27454637	873	881	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27454637	897	907	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27454637	908	912	rate	T081	C1521828
27454637	925	939	anechoic space	T030	C0229984
27454637	945	953	discrete	T080	C0443299
27454637	954	962	patterns	T082	C0449774
27454637	990	998	decrease	T081	C0547047
27454637	1002	1005	CSA	T082	C0552389
27454637	1010	1019	perimeter	T081	C0012751
27454637	1023	1037	anechoic space	T030	C0229984
27454637	1043	1053	Position A	T082	C0733755
27454637	1057	1058	B	T082	C0733755
27454637	1084	1092	increase	T081	C0205217
27454637	1099	1107	position	T082	C0733755
27454637	1115	1129	anechoic space	T030	C0229984
27454637	1133	1138	ulnar	T029	C0442044
27454637	1160	1166	dorsal	T082	C0205095
27454637	1191	1203	median nerve	T023	C0025058
27454637	1218	1232	anechoic space	T030	C0229984
27454637	1240	1253	carpal tunnel	T030	C0225091
27454637	1254	1259	inlet	T082	C1508324
27454637	1280	1286	normal	T080	C0205307
27454637	1287	1292	hands	T023	C0018563
27454637	1304	1314	quantified	T081	C0392762
27454637	1316	1336	cross sectional area	T082	C0552389
27454637	1393	1407	flexor tendons	T023	C0224848
27454637	1415	1421	finger	T023	C0016129
27454637	1422	1429	flexion	T042	C0231452

27454738|t|Co-ChIP enables genome-wide mapping of histone mark co-occurrence at single-molecule resolution
27454738|a|Histone modifications play an important role in chromatin organization and transcriptional regulation, but despite the large amount of genome-wide histone modification data collected in different cells and tissues, little is known about co-occurrence of modifications on the same nucleosome. Here we present a genome-wide quantitative method for combinatorial indexed chromatin immunoprecipitation (co-ChIP) to characterize co-occurrence of histone modifications on nucleosomes. Using co-ChIP, we study the genome-wide co-occurrence of 14 chromatin marks (70 pairwise combinations), and find previously undescribed co-occurrence patterns, including the co-occurrence of H3K9me1 and H3K27ac in super-enhancers. Finally, we apply co-ChIP to measure the distribution of the bivalent H3K4me3 - H3K27me3 domains in two distinct mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) states and in four adult tissues. We observe dynamic changes in 5,786 regions and discover both loss and de novo gain of bivalency in key tissue-specific regulatory genes, suggesting a functional role for bivalent domains during different stages of development. These results show that co-ChIP can reveal the complex interactions between histone modifications.
27454738	0	7	Co-ChIP	T059	C1328856
27454738	16	35	genome-wide mapping	T062	C0079435
27454738	39	51	histone mark	T087	C1257775
27454738	52	65	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27454738	69	95	single-molecule resolution	T077	C2699488
27454738	96	117	Histone modifications	T044	C1156199
27454738	126	135	important	T080	C3898777
27454738	136	140	role	T077	C1705810
27454738	144	166	chromatin organization	T045	C1156187
27454738	171	197	transcriptional regulation	T045	C1158770
27454738	215	227	large amount	T081	C3869890
27454738	231	242	genome-wide	T028	C0017428
27454738	243	263	histone modification	T044	C1156199
27454738	264	268	data	T078	C1511726
27454738	269	278	collected	T078	C1516695
27454738	282	291	different	T080	C1705242
27454738	292	297	cells	T025	C0007634
27454738	302	309	tissues	T024	C0040300
27454738	333	346	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27454738	350	363	modifications	T044	C1156199
27454738	376	386	nucleosome	T116,T123	C0028623
27454738	396	403	present	T078	C0449450
27454738	406	437	genome-wide quantitative method	T062	C1510568
27454738	442	463	combinatorial indexed	T170	C0918012
27454738	464	493	chromatin immunoprecipitation	T059	C1328856
27454738	495	502	co-ChIP	T059	C1328856
27454738	520	533	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27454738	537	558	histone modifications	T044	C1156199
27454738	562	573	nucleosomes	T116,T123	C0028623
27454738	581	588	co-ChIP	T059	C1328856
27454738	593	598	study	T062	C0681814
27454738	603	614	genome-wide	T028	C0017428
27454738	615	628	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27454738	635	650	chromatin marks	T087	C1257775
27454738	655	676	pairwise combinations	T080	C0205195
27454738	711	724	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27454738	725	733	patterns	T082	C0449774
27454738	749	762	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27454738	766	773	H3K9me1	T028	C0314621
27454738	778	785	H3K27ac	T028	C0314621
27454738	789	804	super-enhancers	T086	C0004793
27454738	818	823	apply	T169	C4048755
27454738	824	831	co-ChIP	T059	C1328856
27454738	835	842	measure	T081	C0079809
27454738	847	859	distribution	T169	C1704711
27454738	867	875	bivalent	T081	C0392762
27454738	876	883	H3K4me3	T028	C0314621
27454738	886	894	H3K27me3	T028	C0314621
27454738	895	902	domains	T087	C1514562
27454738	919	944	mouse embryonic stem cell	T025	C4042879
27454738	946	950	mESC	T025	C4042879
27454738	971	984	adult tissues	T024	C0040300
27454738	989	996	observe	T169	C1441672
27454738	997	1004	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27454738	1005	1012	changes	T081	C0443172
27454738	1034	1042	discover	T052	C1880355
27454738	1048	1052	loss	T081	C1517945
27454738	1057	1064	de novo	T078	C1515568
27454738	1065	1069	gain	T081	C1517378
27454738	1073	1082	bivalency	T081	C0392762
27454738	1090	1105	tissue-specific	T024	C1955394
27454738	1106	1122	regulatory genes	T028	C0017362
27454738	1124	1134	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27454738	1137	1152	functional role	T077	C1705810
27454738	1157	1165	bivalent	T081	C0392762
27454738	1166	1173	domains	T087	C1514562
27454738	1191	1197	stages	T079	C1306673
27454738	1201	1212	development	T169	C1527148
27454738	1220	1227	results	T033	C0683954
27454738	1238	1245	co-ChIP	T059	C1328856
27454738	1250	1256	reveal	T080	C0443289
27454738	1261	1281	complex interactions	T169	C1704675
27454738	1290	1311	histone modifications	T044	C1156199

27456016|t|Prognosis of Fibrolamellar Carcinoma Compared to Non-cirrhotic Conventional Hepatocellular Carcinoma
27456016|a|Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) and conventional hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) share the same American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging. The worse survival with HCC is attributed to the underlying cirrhosis .The aim of this study was to compare stage-matched prognosis after resection of FLC and non-cirrhotic HCC. Outcomes after resection of 65 consecutive patients with FLC and 158 non-cirrhotic patients with HCC were compared. Patients were staged according to the 7th edition AJCC staging. The AJCC stage distributions for FLC and HCC demonstrated a predominance of stage IV disease in FLC and stage I in HCC (FLC stage I-23 %, II-15 %, III-15 %, IV-46 % vs. HCC stage I-42 %, II-32 %, III-20 %, IV-6 %, p < 0.001). Among stage IV FLC patients, 81 % had isolated nodal metastases, which did not affect overall survival (OS) or recurrence-free survival (RFS). In FLC, OS was significantly affected by the number of tumors and vascular invasion (p < 0.05). Recurrent disease developed in 56 (86 %) FLC patients and was treated with repeat surgical resection in 25 (45 %) patients. Vascular invasion was associated with recurrent FLC, with 3-year RFS rates of 9 % and 35 %, with and without vascular invasion (p = 0.034). With respect to RFS, the AJCC staging did not stratify FLC patients, compared to non-cirrhotic HCC. When compared to non-cirrhotic HCC, patients with FLC are not adequately stratified by AJCC staging with respect to RFS. Our results support classifying lymph node metastases in FLC as regional disease, rather than systemic disease. Important prognostic factors in FLC are the number of tumors and vascular invasion.
27456016	0	9	Prognosis	T058	C0033325
27456016	13	36	Fibrolamellar Carcinoma	T191	C0334287
27456016	37	45	Compared	T052	C1707455
27456016	49	62	Non-cirrhotic	T080	C0439687
27456016	63	75	Conventional	T080	C0439858
27456016	76	100	Hepatocellular Carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27456016	101	124	Fibrolamellar carcinoma	T191	C0334287
27456016	126	129	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	135	147	conventional	T080	C0439858
27456016	148	172	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27456016	174	177	HCC	T191	C2239176
27456016	194	228	American Joint Committee on Cancer	T094	C1515946
27456016	230	234	AJCC	T094	C1515946
27456016	236	243	staging	T185	C0441915
27456016	255	263	survival	T169	C0220921
27456016	269	272	HCC	T191	C2239176
27456016	305	314	cirrhosis	T047	C0023890
27456016	345	352	compare	T052	C1707455
27456016	353	366	stage-matched	T201	C1300072
27456016	367	376	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27456016	383	392	resection	T061	C0015252
27456016	396	399	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	404	417	non-cirrhotic	T080	C0439687
27456016	418	421	HCC	T191	C2239176
27456016	423	431	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
27456016	438	447	resection	T061	C0015252
27456016	454	465	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27456016	466	474	patients	T101	C0030705
27456016	480	483	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	492	505	non-cirrhotic	T080	C0439687
27456016	506	514	patients	T101	C0030705
27456016	520	523	HCC	T191	C2239176
27456016	529	537	compared	T052	C1707455
27456016	539	547	Patients	T101	C0030705
27456016	553	559	staged	T201	C1300072
27456016	589	601	AJCC staging	T185	C0441915
27456016	607	631	AJCC stage distributions	T185	C0441915
27456016	636	639	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	644	647	HCC	T191	C2239176
27456016	679	695	stage IV disease	T201	C1300072
27456016	699	702	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	707	714	stage I	T201	C1300072
27456016	718	721	HCC	T191	C2239176
27456016	723	726	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	727	732	stage	T201	C1300072
27456016	772	775	HCC	T191	C2239176
27456016	776	781	stage	T201	C1300072
27456016	835	843	stage IV	T201	C1300072
27456016	844	847	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	848	856	patients	T101	C0030705
27456016	876	881	nodal	T082	C0443268
27456016	882	892	metastases	T191	C0027627
27456016	915	931	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27456016	933	935	OS	T081	C4086681
27456016	940	964	recurrence-free survival	T033	C2919733
27456016	966	969	RFS	T033	C2919733
27456016	975	978	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	980	982	OS	T081	C4086681
27456016	1001	1009	affected	T169	C0392760
27456016	1017	1033	number of tumors	T081	C0475450
27456016	1038	1055	vascular invasion	T033	C0521157
27456016	1068	1085	Recurrent disease	T047	C0277556
27456016	1113	1121	patients	T101	C0030705
27456016	1130	1142	treated with	T061	C0332293
27456016	1150	1168	surgical resection	T061	C0015252
27456016	1182	1190	patients	T101	C0030705
27456016	1192	1209	Vascular invasion	T033	C0521157
27456016	1230	1239	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27456016	1240	1243	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	1257	1260	RFS	T033	C2919733
27456016	1261	1266	rates	T081	C1521828
27456016	1301	1318	vascular invasion	T033	C0521157
27456016	1348	1351	RFS	T033	C2919733
27456016	1357	1369	AJCC staging	T185	C0441915
27456016	1387	1390	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	1401	1409	compared	T052	C1707455
27456016	1413	1426	non-cirrhotic	T080	C0439687
27456016	1427	1430	HCC	T191	C2239176
27456016	1437	1445	compared	T052	C1707455
27456016	1449	1462	non-cirrhotic	T080	C0439687
27456016	1463	1466	HCC	T191	C2239176
27456016	1468	1476	patients	T101	C0030705
27456016	1482	1485	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	1505	1515	stratified	T080	C0205363
27456016	1519	1531	AJCC staging	T185	C0441915
27456016	1548	1551	RFS	T033	C2919733
27456016	1557	1564	results	T033	C0683954
27456016	1585	1595	lymph node	T023	C0024204
27456016	1596	1606	metastases	T191	C0027627
27456016	1610	1613	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	1617	1633	regional disease	T033	C1514819
27456016	1647	1663	systemic disease	T047	C0442893
27456016	1675	1693	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27456016	1697	1700	FLC	T191	C0334287
27456016	1709	1725	number of tumors	T081	C0475450
27456016	1730	1747	vascular invasion	T033	C0521157

27456018|t|Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Versus Standard Laparoscopic Colectomy: Are Outcomes and Operative Time Different?
27456018|a|HAL colectomy is a technique perceived to provide the benefits of laparoscopic surgery while improving tactile feedback and operative time. Published data are largely limited to small, single-institution studies. The 2012-2013 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Data Use File was queried for patients undergoing elective SL or HAL colectomy. Patients underwent 1:1 propensity matching and had outcomes compared. An additional subgroup analysis was performed for patients undergoing segmental resections only. 13,949 patients were identified, of whom 6084 (43.6 %) underwent HAL colectomy. Patients undergoing HAL versus SL colectomy had higher rates of postoperative ileus (8.7 vs. 6.3 %, p < 0.001), wound complication (8.8 vs. 6.8 %, p = 0.006), and 30- day readmission (7.5 vs. 6.0 %, p = 0.002), without any differences in operative time (156 vs. 157 min, p = 0.713). Amongst segmental colectomies, HAL remained associated with higher rates of wound complications (8.6 vs. 6.5 %, p = 0.016), postoperative ileus (8.9 vs. 6.3 %, p < 0.001), and 30- day readmission (7.1 vs. 5.9 %, p = 0.041) with no difference in operative time between HAL and SL (145 vs. 145 min, p = 0.334). Use of HAL colectomy is associated with increased risk of wound complications, postoperative ileus, and readmissions. Importantly, this technique is not associated with any decrease in operative time.
27456018	0	26	Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic	T061	C2936499
27456018	34	65	Standard Laparoscopic Colectomy	T061	C1517722
27456018	71	79	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
27456018	84	98	Operative Time	T079	C3494201
27456018	110	113	HAL	T061	C2936499
27456018	114	123	colectomy	T061	C0009274
27456018	129	138	technique	T169	C0449851
27456018	176	196	laparoscopic surgery	T061	C0751429
27456018	234	248	operative time	T079	C3494201
27456018	260	264	data	T078	C1511726
27456018	295	321	single-institution studies	T062	C2603343
27456018	337	408	National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Participant Data Use File	T170	C0242193
27456018	425	433	patients	T101	C0030705
27456018	454	456	SL	T061	C1517722
27456018	460	463	HAL	T061	C2936499
27456018	464	473	colectomy	T061	C0009274
27456018	475	483	Patients	T101	C0030705
27456018	526	534	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27456018	559	576	subgroup analysis	T062	C0936012
27456018	595	603	patients	T101	C0030705
27456018	615	624	segmental	T082	C0205122
27456018	625	635	resections	T061	C0015252
27456018	649	657	patients	T101	C0030705
27456018	707	710	HAL	T061	C2936499
27456018	711	720	colectomy	T061	C0009274
27456018	722	730	Patients	T101	C0030705
27456018	742	745	HAL	T061	C2936499
27456018	753	765	SL colectomy	T061	C1517722
27456018	777	782	rates	T081	C1521828
27456018	786	805	postoperative ileus	T047	C0400877
27456018	834	852	wound complication	T037	C1096106
27456018	889	892	day	T079	C0439228
27456018	893	904	readmission	T058	C0030700
27456018	960	974	operative time	T079	C3494201
27456018	1013	1022	segmental	T082	C0205122
27456018	1023	1034	colectomies	T061	C0009274
27456018	1036	1039	HAL	T061	C2936499
27456018	1072	1077	rates	T081	C1521828
27456018	1081	1100	wound complications	T037	C1096106
27456018	1129	1148	postoperative ileus	T047	C0400877
27456018	1185	1188	day	T079	C0439228
27456018	1189	1200	readmission	T058	C0030700
27456018	1250	1264	operative time	T079	C3494201
27456018	1273	1276	HAL	T061	C2936499
27456018	1321	1324	HAL	T061	C2936499
27456018	1325	1334	colectomy	T061	C0009274
27456018	1364	1368	risk	T058	C0086930
27456018	1372	1391	wound complications	T037	C1096106
27456018	1393	1412	postoperative ileus	T047	C0400877
27456018	1418	1430	readmissions	T058	C0030700
27456018	1450	1459	technique	T169	C0449851
27456018	1499	1513	operative time	T079	C3494201

27456062|t|Somatic Therapy of a Mouse SMA Model with a U7 snRNA Gene Correcting SMN2 Splicing
27456062|a|Spinal Muscular Atrophy is due to the loss of SMN1 gene function. The duplicate gene SMN2 produces some, but not enough, SMN protein because most transcripts lack exon 7. Thus, promoting the inclusion of this exon is a therapeutic option. We show that a somatic gene therapy using the gene for a modified U7 RNA which stimulates this splicing has a profound and persistent therapeutic effect on the phenotype of a severe Spinal Muscular Atrophy mouse model. To this end, the U7 gene and vector and the production of pure, highly concentrated self-complementary (sc) adenovirus - associated virus 9 vector particles were optimized. Introduction of the functional vector into motoneurons of newborn Spinal Muscular Atrophy mice by intracerebroventricular injection led to a highly significant, dose-dependent increase in life span and improvement of muscle functions. Besides the central nervous system, the therapeutic U7 RNA was expressed in the heart and liver which may additionally have contributed to the observed therapeutic efficacy. This approach provides an additional therapeutic option for Spinal Muscular Atrophy and could also be adapted to treat other diseases of the central nervous system with regulatory small RNA genes.
27456062	0	15	Somatic Therapy	T061	C0037645
27456062	21	26	Mouse	T015	C0025929
27456062	27	30	SMA	T047	C0026847
27456062	31	36	Model	T050	C0012644
27456062	44	57	U7 snRNA Gene	T028	C2678677
27456062	69	73	SMN2	T028	C1420258
27456062	74	82	Splicing	T045	C0035687
27456062	83	106	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	T047	C0026847
27456062	110	116	due to	T169	C0678226
27456062	121	125	loss	T081	C1517945
27456062	129	133	SMN1	T028	C1420257
27456062	134	147	gene function	T045	C0314627
27456062	153	167	duplicate gene	T028	C0600497
27456062	168	172	SMN2	T028	C1420258
27456062	204	215	SMN protein	T116,T123	C4283935
27456062	229	240	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27456062	246	252	exon 7	T114,T123	C0015295
27456062	274	283	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27456062	292	296	exon	T114,T123	C0015295
27456062	302	313	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27456062	314	320	option	T169	C1518601
27456062	337	357	somatic gene therapy	T061	C0037645
27456062	358	363	using	T169	C1524063
27456062	368	372	gene	T028	C0017337
27456062	379	394	modified U7 RNA	T028	C2678677
27456062	417	425	splicing	T045	C0035687
27456062	432	440	profound	T080	C0439808
27456062	445	455	persistent	T079	C0205322
27456062	456	474	therapeutic effect	T201	C1527144
27456062	482	491	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27456062	497	503	severe	T080	C0205082
27456062	504	527	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	T047	C0026847
27456062	528	539	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27456062	558	565	U7 gene	T028	C2678677
27456062	570	576	vector	T114	C0017397
27456062	599	603	pure	T080	C0205556
27456062	605	611	highly	T080	C0205250
27456062	625	659	self-complementary (sc) adenovirus	T005	C0001483
27456062	662	672	associated	T080	C0332281
27456062	673	680	virus 9	T005	C0001483
27456062	681	697	vector particles	T121	C1520007
27456062	703	712	optimized	T052	C2698650
27456062	734	744	functional	T169	C0205245
27456062	745	751	vector	T114	C0017397
27456062	757	768	motoneurons	T025	C0026609
27456062	772	779	newborn	T079	C2939425
27456062	780	803	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	T047	C0026847
27456062	804	808	mice	T015	C0025929
27456062	812	835	intracerebroventricular	T082	C0595818
27456062	836	845	injection	T061	C1533685
27456062	855	873	highly significant	T080	C1299395
27456062	875	889	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27456062	890	898	increase	T169	C0442805
27456062	902	911	life span	T102	C0870809
27456062	916	927	improvement	T077	C2986411
27456062	931	947	muscle functions	T042	C0231484
27456062	961	983	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27456062	989	1000	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27456062	1001	1007	U7 RNA	T028	C2678677
27456062	1012	1021	expressed	T045	C0017262
27456062	1029	1034	heart	T023	C0018787
27456062	1039	1044	liver	T023	C0023884
27456062	1073	1084	contributed	T052	C1880177
27456062	1092	1100	observed	T169	C1441672
27456062	1101	1121	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
27456062	1128	1136	approach	T082	C0449445
27456062	1137	1145	provides	T052	C1999230
27456062	1149	1159	additional	T169	C1524062
27456062	1160	1171	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27456062	1172	1178	option	T169	C1518601
27456062	1183	1206	Spinal Muscular Atrophy	T047	C0026847
27456062	1236	1241	treat	T061	C0087111
27456062	1242	1247	other	T080	C0205394
27456062	1248	1256	diseases	T047	C0012634
27456062	1264	1286	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27456062	1292	1318	regulatory small RNA genes	T028	C0017337

27457339|t|Investigating Effects of Acidic pH on Proliferation, Invasion and Drug - Induced Apoptosis in Lymphoblastic Leukemia
27457339|a|Some studies have shown that extracellular pH in tumors, which results in tumor progression, is less than that in normal tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of extracellular acidic pH on proliferation, invasion, and drug - induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic cells. The cells were cultured in different pH (pH 6.6 and pH 7.4) for 12 days. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay and cell invasion was assayed by invasion assay and gene expression analysis of MMP-9. Drug - induced apoptosis was evaluated after exposure to doxorubicin for 24 hours by annexin V / PI staining and gene expression analysis of BAX pro-apoptotic protein. The results indicated the enhanced growth and invasion of leukemic cells at pH 6.6 (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the cells at pH 6.6 were resistant to apoptosis by doxorubicin (P ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that acidic pH increases the proliferation, invasion and reduces the drug - induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Extracellular acidity can influence the behavior of leukemic cells and therefore, the manipulation of extracellular liquid can be selected as a therapeutic strategy for leukemia, especially for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
27457339	0	13	Investigating	T169	C1292732
27457339	14	24	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27457339	25	34	Acidic pH	T081	C0020283
27457339	38	51	Proliferation	T043	C0596290
27457339	53	61	Invasion	T046	C2699153
27457339	66	70	Drug	T121	C1254351
27457339	73	80	Induced	T169	C0205263
27457339	81	90	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27457339	94	116	Lymphoblastic Leukemia	T191	C0023448
27457339	146	159	extracellular	T030	C0015352
27457339	160	162	pH	T081	C0020283
27457339	166	172	tumors	T191	C0027651
27457339	191	208	tumor progression	T191	C0178874
27457339	231	237	normal	T080	C0205307
27457339	238	245	tissues	T024	C0040300
27457339	263	268	study	T062	C2603343
27457339	276	287	investigate	T169	C1292732
27457339	292	302	effects of	T080	C1704420
27457339	303	316	extracellular	T030	C0015352
27457339	317	326	acidic pH	T081	C0020283
27457339	330	343	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27457339	345	353	invasion	T046	C2699153
27457339	359	363	drug	T121	C1254351
27457339	366	373	induced	T169	C0205263
27457339	374	383	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27457339	387	412	acute lymphoblastic cells	T025	C0883208
27457339	418	423	cells	T025	C0883208
27457339	441	450	different	T080	C1705242
27457339	451	453	pH	T081	C0020283
27457339	455	457	pH	T081	C0020283
27457339	466	468	pH	T081	C0020283
27457339	481	485	days	T079	C0439228
27457339	487	505	Cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27457339	510	518	assessed	T052	C1516048
27457339	522	531	MTT assay	T062	C2986858
27457339	536	549	cell invasion	T046	C2699153
27457339	565	579	invasion assay	T059	C0022885
27457339	584	608	gene expression analysis	T063	C1880945
27457339	612	617	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27457339	619	623	Drug	T121	C1254351
27457339	626	633	induced	T169	C0205263
27457339	634	643	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27457339	664	675	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27457339	676	687	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
27457339	704	713	annexin V	T116,T123	C0059249
27457339	716	718	PI	T109,T130	C0033470
27457339	719	727	staining	T059	C0487602
27457339	732	756	gene expression analysis	T063	C1880945
27457339	760	785	BAX pro-apoptotic protein	T116,T123	C0219474
27457339	822	828	growth	T043	C0007595
27457339	833	841	invasion	T046	C2699153
27457339	845	853	leukemic	T191	C0023418
27457339	854	859	cells	T025	C0007634
27457339	863	865	pH	T081	C0020283
27457339	899	904	cells	T025	C0007634
27457339	908	910	pH	T081	C0020283
27457339	920	929	resistant	T169	C0332325
27457339	933	942	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27457339	946	957	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
27457339	995	1004	acidic pH	T081	C0020283
27457339	1005	1014	increases	T169	C0442805
27457339	1019	1032	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27457339	1034	1042	invasion	T046	C2699153
27457339	1047	1054	reduces	T080	C0392756
27457339	1059	1063	drug	T121	C1254351
27457339	1066	1073	induced	T169	C0205263
27457339	1074	1083	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27457339	1087	1115	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
27457339	1117	1130	Extracellular	T030	C0015352
27457339	1131	1138	acidity	T081	C0020283
27457339	1169	1177	leukemic	T191	C0023418
27457339	1178	1183	cells	T025	C0007634
27457339	1203	1215	manipulation	T169	C0205245
27457339	1219	1239	extracellular liquid	T031	C0015349
27457339	1261	1281	therapeutic strategy	T061	C0087111
27457339	1286	1294	leukemia	T191	C0023418
27457339	1311	1339	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449

27457539|t|Safety and immunogenecity of a live attenuated Rift Valley fever vaccine (CL13T) in camels
27457539|a|Rift Valley fever is an emerging zoonotic viral disease, enzootic and endemic in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, which poses a significant threat to both human and animal health. The disease is most severe in ruminants causing abortions in pregnant animals, especially sheep animals and high mortality in young populations. High mortality rates and severe clinical manifestation have also been reported among camel populations in Africa, to attend however none of the currently available live vaccines against RVF have been tested for safety and efficacy in this species. In this study, the safety and efficacy (through a neutralizing antibody response) of the thermostable live attenuated RVF CL13T vaccine were evaluated in camels in two different preliminary experiments involving 16 camels, (that 12 camels and 4 pregnant camels). The study revealed that the CL13T vaccine was safe to use in camels and no abortions or teratogenic effects were observed. The single dose of the vaccine stimulated a strong and long-lasting neutralizing antibody response for up to 12 months. The presence of neutralization antibodies is likely to correlate with protection; however protection would need to be confirmed by challenge experiments using the virulent RVF virus.
27457539	0	6	Safety	T068	C0036043
27457539	11	25	immunogenecity	T062	C4054739
27457539	36	46	attenuated	T121,T129	C0042211
27457539	47	72	Rift Valley fever vaccine	T121,T129	C1548485
27457539	74	79	CL13T	T121,T129	C1548485
27457539	84	90	camels	T015	C0006801
27457539	91	108	Rift Valley fever	T047	C0035613
27457539	124	132	zoonotic	T001	C1628327
27457539	133	146	viral disease	T047	C0042769
27457539	148	156	enzootic	T047	C0277551
27457539	161	168	endemic	T047	C0277550
27457539	172	178	Africa	T083	C0001737
27457539	187	204	Arabian Peninsula	T083	C0003671
27457539	220	231	significant	T078	C0750502
27457539	232	238	threat	T078	C0749385
27457539	247	252	human	T016	C0086418
27457539	257	263	animal	T008	C0003062
27457539	264	270	health	T047	C3534575
27457539	276	283	disease	T047	C0035613
27457539	292	298	severe	T080	C0205082
27457539	302	311	ruminants	T015	C0035950
27457539	312	319	causing	T169	C0678227
27457539	320	329	abortions	T046	C0149814
27457539	333	341	pregnant	T040	C0032961
27457539	342	349	animals	T008	C0003062
27457539	362	375	sheep animals	T015	C0036945
27457539	385	394	mortality	T081	C0205848
27457539	398	403	young	T079	C0332239
27457539	404	415	populations	T098	C1257890
27457539	422	437	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
27457539	442	448	severe	T080	C0205082
27457539	449	457	clinical	T080	C0205210
27457539	458	471	manifestation	T080	C1280464
27457539	487	495	reported	T170	C0684224
27457539	502	507	camel	T015	C0006801
27457539	508	519	populations	T098	C1257890
27457539	523	529	Africa	T083	C0001737
27457539	561	570	currently	T079	C0521116
27457539	571	580	available	T169	C0470187
27457539	581	594	live vaccines	T121,T129	C0042211
27457539	603	606	RVF	T047	C0035613
27457539	617	623	tested	T169	C0039593
27457539	628	634	safety	T068	C0036043
27457539	639	647	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27457539	656	663	species	T185	C1705920
27457539	673	678	study	T062	C2603343
27457539	684	690	safety	T068	C0036043
27457539	695	703	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27457539	715	736	neutralizing antibody	T116,T129	C0475463
27457539	737	745	response	T032	C0871261
27457539	754	782	thermostable live attenuated	T121,T129	C0042211
27457539	783	800	RVF CL13T vaccine	T121,T129	C1548485
27457539	806	815	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27457539	819	825	camels	T015	C0006801
27457539	833	842	different	T080	C1705242
27457539	843	854	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27457539	855	866	experiments	T062	C0681814
27457539	880	886	camels	T015	C0006801
27457539	897	903	camels	T015	C0006801
27457539	910	918	pregnant	T040	C0032961
27457539	919	925	camels	T015	C0006801
27457539	932	937	study	T062	C2603343
27457539	938	946	revealed	T080	C0443289
27457539	956	969	CL13T vaccine	T121,T129	C1548485
27457539	974	978	safe	T068	C0036043
27457539	982	985	use	T169	C0457083
27457539	989	995	camels	T015	C0006801
27457539	1003	1012	abortions	T046	C0149814
27457539	1016	1035	teratogenic effects	T046	C0232910
27457539	1041	1049	observed	T169	C1441672
27457539	1062	1066	dose	T081	C0178602
27457539	1074	1081	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042211
27457539	1095	1101	strong	T080	C0442821
27457539	1119	1140	neutralizing antibody	T116,T129	C0475463
27457539	1141	1149	response	T032	C0871261
27457539	1163	1169	months	T079	C0439231
27457539	1175	1183	presence	T033	C0150312
27457539	1187	1212	neutralization antibodies	T116,T129	C0475463
27457539	1226	1240	correlate with	T080	C0332281
27457539	1241	1251	protection	T033	C1545588
27457539	1261	1271	protection	T033	C1545588
27457539	1289	1301	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27457539	1312	1323	experiments	T062	C0681814
27457539	1334	1342	virulent	T080	C1520022
27457539	1343	1352	RVF virus	T005	C0035614

27457924|t|Highly sensitive detection of influenza virus by boron-doped diamond electrode terminated with sialic acid-mimic peptide
27457924|a|The progression of influenza varies according to age and the presence of an underlying disease; appropriate treatment is therefore required to prevent severe disease. Anti-influenza therapy, such as with neuraminidase inhibitors, is effective, but diagnosis at an early phase of infection before viral propagation is critical. Here, we show that several dozen plaque-forming units (pfu) of influenza virus (IFV) can be detected using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode terminated with a sialic acid-mimic peptide. The peptide was used instead of the sialyloligosaccharide receptor, which is the common receptor of influenza A and B viruses required during the early phase of infection, to capture IFV particles. The peptide, which was previously identified by phage-display technology, was immobilized by click chemistry on the BDD electrode, which has excellent electrochemical characteristics such as low background current and weak adsorption of biomolecules. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that H1N1 and H3N2 IFVs were detectable in the range of 20-500 pfu by using the peptide-terminated BDD electrode. Our results demonstrate that the BDD device integrated with the receptor-mimic peptide has high sensitivity for detection of a low number of virus particles in the early phase of infection.
27457924	0	45	Highly sensitive detection of influenza virus	T059	C3516584
27457924	49	78	boron-doped diamond electrode	T074	C0013812
27457924	95	120	sialic acid-mimic peptide	T116,T192	C0295247
27457924	125	149	progression of influenza	T046	C0242656
27457924	197	215	underlying disease	T047	C0012634
27457924	217	238	appropriate treatment	T201	C3640049
27457924	264	286	prevent severe disease	T061	C0679698
27457924	288	310	Anti-influenza therapy	T061	C2076608
27457924	325	349	neuraminidase inhibitors	T121	C3541969
27457924	354	363	effective	T080	C1704419
27457924	369	378	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27457924	385	409	early phase of infection	T079	C1254367
27457924	417	434	viral propagation	T046	C0242656
27457924	481	501	plaque-forming units	T081	C1882406
27457924	503	506	pfu	T081	C1882406
27457924	511	526	influenza virus	T005	C0029347
27457924	528	531	IFV	T005	C0029347
27457924	557	592	boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode	T074	C0013812
27457924	611	636	sialic acid-mimic peptide	T116,T192	C0295247
27457924	642	649	peptide	T116	C0030956
27457924	674	704	sialyloligosaccharide receptor	T116,T192	C0074488
27457924	726	734	receptor	T116,T192	C0034848
27457924	738	749	influenza A	T005	C0029347
27457924	754	763	B viruses	T005	C0029348
27457924	784	808	early phase of infection	T079	C1254367
27457924	821	834	IFV particles	T026	C0042760
27457924	840	847	peptide	T116	C0030956
27457924	884	908	phage-display technology	T063	C3494191
27457924	914	925	immobilized	T116	C2350558
27457924	929	944	click chemistry	T062	C2936295
27457924	952	965	BDD electrode	T074	C0013812
27457924	977	1018	excellent electrochemical characteristics	T080	C0205556
27457924	1027	1049	low background current	T080	C0205556
27457924	1059	1085	adsorption of biomolecules	T059	C0001674
27457924	1087	1125	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy	T059	C2936361
27457924	1140	1144	H1N1	T005	C1615607
27457924	1149	1158	H3N2 IFVs	T005	C1615053
27457924	1164	1174	detectable	T201	C3830527
27457924	1198	1201	pfu	T081	C1882406
27457924	1215	1247	peptide-terminated BDD electrode	T074	C0013812
27457924	1282	1292	BDD device	T074	C0013812
27457924	1313	1335	receptor-mimic peptide	T116,T192	C0295247
27457924	1340	1356	high sensitivity	T080	C0439822
27457924	1361	1370	detection	T058	C0683509
27457924	1390	1405	virus particles	T026	C0042760
27457924	1413	1437	early phase of infection	T079	C1254367

27457997|t|Identification of a peroxisomal -targeted aldolase involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and sugar metabolism in rice
27457997|a|Chlorophyll plays remarkable and critical roles in photosynthetic light-harvesting, energy transduction and plant development. In this study, we identified a rice Chl -deficient mutant, ygdl-1 (yellow green and droopy leaf-1), which showed yellow-green leaves throughout plant development with decreased content of Chls and carotene and an increased Chl a/b ratio. The ygdl-1 mutant also exhibited severe defects in chloroplast development, including disorganized grana stacks. Sequence analysis revealed that the mutant contained a T-DNA insertion within the promoter of a fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (OsAld-Y), which dramatically reduced the OsAld-Y mRNA level, and its identity was verified by transgenic complementation. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development were concurrently altered in the ygdl-1 mutant. The expression of OsAld-Y - GFP fusion protein in tobacco epidermal cells showed that OsAld-Y was localized to the peroxisome. In addition, the analysis of primary carbon metabolites revealed the significantly reduced levels of sucrose and fructose in the mutant leaves, while the glucose content was similar to wild-type plants. Our results suggest that the OsAld-Y participates in Chl accumulation, chloroplast development and plant growth by influencing the photosynthetic rate of leaves and the sugar metabolism of rice.
27457997	20	31	peroxisomal	T026	C3546463
27457997	42	50	aldolase	T116,T126	C0016762
27457997	63	74	chlorophyll	T109,T123	C0008260
27457997	75	87	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27457997	92	97	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27457997	98	108	metabolism	T044	C0302820
27457997	112	116	rice	T168	C0035567
27457997	117	128	Chlorophyll	T109,T123	C0008260
27457997	168	200	photosynthetic light-harvesting,	T044	C1158303
27457997	201	220	energy transduction	T040	C1160185
27457997	225	242	plant development	T040	C0597252
27457997	252	257	study	T062	C2603343
27457997	275	279	rice	T168	C0035567
27457997	280	283	Chl	T109,T123	C0008260
27457997	295	301	mutant	T049	C0596988
27457997	303	309	ygdl-1	T049	C0596988
27457997	311	341	yellow green and droopy leaf-1	T049	C0596988
27457997	357	376	yellow-green leaves	T002	C0242724
27457997	388	405	plant development	T040	C0597252
27457997	432	436	Chls	T109,T123	C0008260
27457997	441	449	carotene	T109,T123	C0007269
27457997	467	470	Chl	T109,T123	C0008260
27457997	486	499	ygdl-1 mutant	T049	C0596988
27457997	515	521	severe	T080	C0205082
27457997	522	529	defects	T169	C1457869
27457997	533	544	chloroplast	T026	C0008266
27457997	545	556	development	T040	C0678723
27457997	581	593	grana stacks	T026	C0205715
27457997	595	612	Sequence analysis	T059,T063	C0162801
27457997	631	637	mutant	T049	C0596988
27457997	650	655	T-DNA	T114	C0075739
27457997	677	685	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27457997	691	725	fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase	T116,T126	C0016762
27457997	727	734	OsAld-Y	T116,T126	C0016762
27457997	768	775	OsAld-Y	T116,T126	C0016762
27457997	776	780	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27457997	781	786	level	T080	C0441889
27457997	821	847	transgenic complementation	T045	C0178654
27457997	849	871	Real-time PCR analysis	T059	C2732732
27457997	888	905	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27457997	909	914	genes	T028	C0017337
27457997	931	942	chlorophyll	T109,T123	C0008260
27457997	943	955	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27457997	960	971	chloroplast	T026	C0008266
27457997	972	983	development	T040	C0678723
27457997	1017	1030	ygdl-1 mutant	T049	C0596988
27457997	1036	1046	expression	T045	C1171362
27457997	1050	1057	OsAld-Y	T116,T126	C0016762
27457997	1060	1063	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27457997	1064	1078	fusion protein	T116,T123	C0162768
27457997	1082	1089	tobacco	T002	C0740009
27457997	1090	1105	epidermal cells	T025	C1179149
27457997	1118	1125	OsAld-Y	T116,T126	C0016762
27457997	1147	1157	peroxisome	T026	C0752063
27457997	1176	1184	analysis	T062	C0936012
27457997	1188	1214	primary carbon metabolites	T123	C0870883
27457997	1260	1267	sucrose	T109,T121,T123	C0038636
27457997	1272	1280	fructose	T109,T121	C0016745
27457997	1288	1294	mutant	T049	C0596988
27457997	1295	1301	leaves	T002	C0242724
27457997	1313	1320	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27457997	1344	1360	wild-type plants	T002	C0330098
27457997	1391	1398	OsAld-Y	T116,T126	C0016762
27457997	1415	1418	Chl	T109,T123	C0008260
27457997	1419	1431	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27457997	1433	1444	chloroplast	T026	C0008266
27457997	1445	1456	development	T040	C0678723
27457997	1461	1473	plant growth	T040	C0597252
27457997	1493	1507	photosynthetic	T070	C0031764
27457997	1508	1512	rate	T081	C1521828
27457997	1516	1522	leaves	T002	C0242724
27457997	1531	1536	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27457997	1537	1547	metabolism	T044	C0302820
27457997	1551	1555	rice	T168	C0035567

27458601|t|Autoantibodies to MOG in a distinct subgroup of adult multiple sclerosis
27458601|a|To evaluate the presence of antibodies to conformation -intact myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in a subgroup of adult patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS) preselected for a specific clinical phenotype including severe spinal cord, optic nerve, and brainstem involvement. Antibodies to MOG were investigated using a cell-based assay in 3 groups of patients: 104 preselected patients with MS (group 1), 55 age - and sex -matched, otherwise unselected patients with MS (group 2), and in 22 brain-biopsied patients with demyelinating diseases of the CNS (n = 19 with MS), 4 of whom classified as MS type II (group 3). Recognized epitopes were identified with mutated variants of MOG. Antibodies to MOG were found in about 5% (5/104) of preselected adult patients with MS. In contrast, in groups 2 and 3, none of the patients tested positive for MOG antibodies. Patients with MS with antibodies to MOG predominantly manifested with concomitant severe brainstem and spinal cord involvement and had a severe disease course with high relapse rates and failure to several disease-modifying therapies. Three of them had been treated with plasma exchange with a favorable response. All anti-MOG -positive patients with MS showed typical MS lesions on brain MRI. Longitudinal analysis up to 9 years revealed fluctuations and reappearance of anti-MOG reactivity. Epitope mapping indicated interindividual heterogeneity, yet intraindividual stability of the antibody response. Antibodies to MOG can be found in a distinct subgroup of adult MS with a specific clinical phenotype and may indicate disease heterogeneity.
27458601	0	14	Autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
27458601	18	21	MOG	T116,T123	C0069428
27458601	36	44	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27458601	48	53	adult	T100	C0001675
27458601	54	72	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27458601	76	84	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27458601	101	111	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27458601	115	127	conformation	T082	C0033625
27458601	136	171	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0069428
27458601	173	176	MOG	T116,T123	C0069428
27458601	183	191	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27458601	195	200	adult	T100	C0001675
27458601	201	209	patients	T101	C0030705
27458601	215	225	clinically	T080	C0205210
27458601	235	253	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27458601	255	257	MS	T047	C0026769
27458601	286	294	clinical	T080	C0205210
27458601	295	304	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27458601	315	321	severe	T080	C0205082
27458601	322	333	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
27458601	335	346	optic nerve	T023	C0029130
27458601	352	361	brainstem	T023	C0006121
27458601	375	385	Antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27458601	389	392	MOG	T116,T123	C0069428
27458601	398	410	investigated	T169	C1292732
27458601	419	435	cell-based assay	T059	C0005507
27458601	441	447	groups	T098	C1257890
27458601	451	459	patients	T101	C0030705
27458601	477	485	patients	T101	C0030705
27458601	491	493	MS	T047	C0026769
27458601	495	502	group 1	T098	C1257890
27458601	508	511	age	T032	C0001779
27458601	518	521	sex	T032	C0079399
27458601	553	561	patients	T101	C0030705
27458601	567	569	MS	T047	C0026769
27458601	571	578	group 2	T098	C1257890
27458601	591	605	brain-biopsied	T060	C0740294
27458601	606	614	patients	T101	C0030705
27458601	620	642	demyelinating diseases	T047	C0011303
27458601	650	653	CNS	T022	C3714787
27458601	667	669	MS	T047	C0026769
27458601	682	692	classified	T185	C0008902
27458601	696	706	MS type II	T047	C0026769
27458601	708	715	group 3	T098	C1257890
27458601	729	737	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27458601	759	766	mutated	T045	C0596611
27458601	767	775	variants	T028	C0678941
27458601	779	782	MOG	T028	C1417228
27458601	784	794	Antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27458601	798	801	MOG	T116,T123	C0069428
27458601	848	853	adult	T100	C0001675
27458601	854	862	patients	T101	C0030705
27458601	868	870	MS	T047	C0026769
27458601	888	896	groups 2	T098	C1257890
27458601	901	902	3	T098	C1257890
27458601	916	924	patients	T101	C0030705
27458601	925	931	tested	T169	C0039593
27458601	945	948	MOG	T116,T123	C0069428
27458601	949	959	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27458601	961	969	Patients	T101	C0030705
27458601	975	977	MS	T047	C0026769
27458601	983	993	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27458601	997	1000	MOG	T116,T123	C0069428
27458601	1015	1025	manifested	T169	C0205319
27458601	1031	1042	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27458601	1043	1049	severe	T080	C0205082
27458601	1050	1059	brainstem	T023	C0006121
27458601	1064	1075	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
27458601	1098	1104	severe	T080	C0205082
27458601	1105	1119	disease course	T046	C0242656
27458601	1130	1137	relapse	T067	C0035020
27458601	1138	1143	rates	T081	C1521828
27458601	1148	1155	failure	T033	C0162643
27458601	1167	1194	disease-modifying therapies	T061	C0087111
27458601	1219	1231	treated with	T061	C0332293
27458601	1232	1247	plasma exchange	T061	C0032113
27458601	1255	1273	favorable response	UnknownType	C0221607
27458601	1279	1287	anti-MOG	T129	C1291777
27458601	1298	1306	patients	T101	C0030705
27458601	1312	1314	MS	T047	C0026769
27458601	1330	1332	MS	T047	C0026769
27458601	1333	1340	lesions	T033	C0221198
27458601	1344	1353	brain MRI	T060	C0412675
27458601	1355	1376	Longitudinal analysis	UnknownType	C0815265
27458601	1385	1390	years	T079	C0439234
27458601	1400	1412	fluctuations	T184	C0231239
27458601	1433	1452	anti-MOG reactivity	T044	C1621287
27458601	1454	1469	Epitope mapping	T059,T063	C0242831
27458601	1480	1509	interindividual heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27458601	1515	1540	intraindividual stability	T080	C0205360
27458601	1548	1565	antibody response	T038	C0003261
27458601	1567	1577	Antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27458601	1581	1584	MOG	T116,T123	C0069428
27458601	1612	1620	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27458601	1624	1629	adult	T100	C0001675
27458601	1630	1632	MS	T047	C0026769
27458601	1649	1657	clinical	T080	C0205210
27458601	1658	1667	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27458601	1685	1692	disease	T047	C0012634
27458601	1693	1706	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409

27459060|t|Brassinosteroid / Abscisic Acid Antagonism in Balancing Growth and Stress
27459060|a|In this issue of Developmental Cell, Gui et al. (2016) show that an abscisic acid - inducible remorin protein in rice directly interacts with critical brassinosteroid signaling components to attenuate the brassinosteroid response, thus illuminating one aspect of the brassinosteroid / abscisic acid antagonism.
27459060	0	15	Brassinosteroid	T109,T123	C3178944
27459060	18	31	Abscisic Acid	T109,T123	C0000843
27459060	32	42	Antagonism	T054	C0680242
27459060	56	62	Growth	T040	C0018270
27459060	67	73	Stress	T033	C0038435
27459060	82	87	issue	T170	C1706387
27459060	91	109	Developmental Cell	T043	C1656619
27459060	142	155	abscisic acid	T109,T123	C0000843
27459060	158	167	inducible	T169	C0205263
27459060	168	183	remorin protein	T116,T123	C0534623
27459060	187	191	rice	T002	C1140671
27459060	216	224	critical	T080	C1511545
27459060	225	240	brassinosteroid	T109,T123	C3178944
27459060	241	261	signaling components	T123	C0574031
27459060	265	274	attenuate	T052	C0599946
27459060	279	294	brassinosteroid	T109,T123	C3178944
27459060	295	303	response	T032	C0871261
27459060	327	333	aspect	T080	C1879746
27459060	341	356	brassinosteroid	T109,T123	C3178944
27459060	359	372	abscisic acid	T109,T123	C0000843
27459060	373	383	antagonism	T054	C0680242

27459296|t|Salvage surgery after head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with bioradiotherapy
27459296|a|The purpose of this study was to describe the results and complications of primary site salvage surgery after head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated with bioradiotherapy. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 268 patients treated with bioradiotherapy between March 2006 and December 2013 at the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-ICO. Fifty-nine patients developed local recurrence or had residual disease with a 1- year and 3- year overall survival of 47% and 15.4%, respectively. Salvage surgery was feasible in 22 patients (37.3%). There were 16 complications in these 22 patients (72.7%), 11 (50%) of which were major. Bilateral neck dissection was identified as a risk factor for complications. Salvage surgery after bioradiotherapy is associated with a high rate of complications. Neck dissection seems to be related to an increased rate of complications with no survival improvement. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 116-121, 2017.
27459296	0	7	Salvage	T061	C0442967
27459296	8	15	surgery	T061	C0543467
27459296	22	59	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C1168401
27459296	60	72	treated with	T061	C0332293
27459296	73	88	bioradiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27459296	109	114	study	T062	C2603343
27459296	135	142	results	T033	C0683954
27459296	147	160	complications	T046	C0009566
27459296	164	176	primary site	T201	C0475447
27459296	177	184	salvage	T061	C0442967
27459296	185	192	surgery	T061	C0543467
27459296	199	236	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C1168401
27459296	238	243	HNSCC	T191	C1168401
27459296	245	257	treated with	T061	C0332293
27459296	258	273	bioradiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27459296	290	303	retrospective	T062	C0035363
27459296	304	309	chart	T170	C0684240
27459296	310	316	review	T170	C0282443
27459296	324	332	patients	T101	C0030705
27459296	333	345	treated with	T061	C0332293
27459296	346	361	bioradiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27459296	406	444	Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-ICO	T073,T093	C0019994
27459296	457	465	patients	T101	C0030705
27459296	476	492	local recurrence	T191	C0027643
27459296	500	516	residual disease	T191	C0242596
27459296	527	531	year	T079	C0439234
27459296	539	543	year	T079	C0439234
27459296	544	560	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27459296	593	600	Salvage	T061	C0442967
27459296	601	608	surgery	T061	C0543467
27459296	628	636	patients	T101	C0030705
27459296	660	673	complications	T046	C0009566
27459296	686	694	patients	T101	C0030705
27459296	734	743	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
27459296	744	759	neck dissection	T061	C0398395
27459296	780	791	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27459296	796	809	complications	T046	C0009566
27459296	811	818	Salvage	T061	C0442967
27459296	819	826	surgery	T061	C0543467
27459296	833	848	bioradiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27459296	875	879	rate	T081	C1521828
27459296	883	896	complications	T046	C0009566
27459296	898	913	Neck dissection	T061	C0398395
27459296	950	954	rate	T081	C1521828
27459296	958	971	complications	T046	C0009566
27459296	977	979	no	T033	C1513916
27459296	980	988	survival	T052	C0038952
27459296	989	1000	improvement	T077	C2986411

27459610|t|Acute Ph-negative lymphoblastic leukemias in adults: Risk factors in the use of the ALL-2009 protocol
27459610|a|to analyze well-known risk factors (RFs), such as age, immunophenotype, baseline leukocytosis, enhanced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, time to achieve complete remission, a risk group, and cytogenetic abnormalities) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the use of the ALL-2009 protocol. The protocol covered 298 patients (137 women (including 13 pregnant women) and 161 men) aged 15 to 55 years (median age 28 years) with Ph-negative ALL. The phenotype was unknown in 6 patients. Three (1%) were ascertained to have a biphenotypic variant. 182 (62.4%) patients were found to have B-cell ALL (early pre-B ALL (n=51); common ALL (n=92), and pre-B ALL (n=39); 107 (36.6%) patients had T-cell ALL (early T-ALL (n=56); thymic T-ALL (n=41), and mature T-ALL (n=10). According to the baseline clinical and laboratory parameters (leukocytosis of 30·109/l and more for B-ALL; and that of 100·109/l and more for T-ALL; phenotype В-I for B-ALL, phenotype Т-I-II-IV for T-ALL; LDH activity was more than twice the normal values; the presence of translocation t(4;11)), the high-risk group included most patients with B-ALL (n=110 (72.8%)) and T-ALL (n=76 (76%)). Thirty-five patients with T-ALL underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Allogeneic BMT was performed in 18 (7%) of the 258 patients who had undergone an induction phase. Five-year overall survival for all the patients included in the investigation was 59%; relapse-free survival was 65%, which was significantly different in the patients with B-ALL and in those with T-ALL: the overall survival rates were 53.3 and 67.5% (p=0.1); the relapse-free survival was 56 and 79% (p=0.005), respectively. Multivariate analysis including the well-known RFs demonstrated that the latter for T-ALL were of no independent prognostic value and only the patient's age was identified for B-ALL (p=0.013). A lower chemotherapeutic load and a small number of allogeneic BMTs did not affect total positive treatment results in adult patients with ALL, by complying with the principle achieving the continuity of cytostatic effects and by preserving the total cytostatic loading dose. The results of the Russian investigation casts some doubt on the necessity of using very intensive consolidation cycles and performing a large number of allogeneic BMTs in adult patients with ALL.
27459610	0	41	Acute Ph-negative lymphoblastic leukemias	T191	C4289946
27459610	45	51	adults	T100	C0001675
27459610	53	65	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
27459610	84	101	ALL-2009 protocol	T170	C2348563
27459610	124	136	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27459610	138	141	RFs	T033	C0035648
27459610	152	155	age	T032	C0001779
27459610	157	172	immunophenotype	T059	C0079611
27459610	174	182	baseline	T081	C1442488
27459610	183	195	leukocytosis	T046	C0023518
27459610	197	205	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27459610	206	227	lactate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0022917
27459610	229	232	LDH	T116,T126	C0022917
27459610	234	242	activity	T044	C0243102
27459610	269	278	remission	T033	C0544452
27459610	282	292	risk group	T098	C0684030
27459610	298	323	cytogenetic abnormalities	T049	C0008625
27459610	328	336	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	342	370	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
27459610	372	375	ALL	T191	C0023449
27459610	395	412	ALL-2009 protocol	T170	C2348563
27459610	418	426	protocol	T170	C2348563
27459610	439	447	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	453	458	women	T098	C0043210
27459610	460	469	including	T169	C0332257
27459610	473	487	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27459610	497	500	men	T098	C0025266
27459610	549	564	Ph-negative ALL	T191	C4289946
27459610	570	579	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27459610	597	605	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	679	687	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	707	717	B-cell ALL	T191	C0279593
27459610	725	734	pre-B ALL	T191	C0279593
27459610	750	753	ALL	T191	C0023449
27459610	766	775	pre-B ALL	T191	C0279593
27459610	796	804	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	809	819	T-cell ALL	T191	C0279592
27459610	827	832	T-ALL	T191	C0279592
27459610	841	847	thymic	T023	C0040113
27459610	848	853	T-ALL	T191	C0279592
27459610	866	872	mature	T079	C0205286
27459610	873	878	T-ALL	T191	C0279592
27459610	904	912	baseline	T081	C1442488
27459610	913	921	clinical	T080	C0205210
27459610	926	936	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27459610	937	947	parameters	T033	C0449381
27459610	949	961	leukocytosis	T046	C0023518
27459610	987	992	B-ALL	T191	C0279593
27459610	1029	1034	T-ALL	T191	C0279592
27459610	1036	1045	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27459610	1054	1059	B-ALL	T191	C0279593
27459610	1061	1070	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27459610	1085	1090	T-ALL	T191	C0279592
27459610	1092	1095	LDH	T116,T126	C0022917
27459610	1096	1104	activity	T044	C0243102
27459610	1148	1156	presence	T033	C0150312
27459610	1160	1181	translocation t(4;11)	T049	C0040715
27459610	1188	1203	high-risk group	T098	C0684030
27459610	1204	1212	included	T169	C0332257
27459610	1218	1226	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	1232	1237	B-ALL	T191	C0279593
27459610	1258	1263	T-ALL	T191	C0279592
27459610	1290	1298	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	1304	1309	T-ALL	T191	C0279592
27459610	1320	1358	autologous bone marrow transplantation	T061	C0194037
27459610	1360	1363	BMT	T061	C0005961
27459610	1366	1380	Allogeneic BMT	T061	C0149615
27459610	1385	1394	performed	T169	C0884358
27459610	1417	1425	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	1447	1462	induction phase	T062	C4049995
27459610	1474	1490	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27459610	1503	1511	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	1512	1520	included	T169	C0332257
27459610	1528	1541	investigation	T058	C0220825
27459610	1551	1563	relapse-free	T061	C0679867
27459610	1623	1631	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	1637	1642	B-ALL	T191	C0279593
27459610	1661	1666	T-ALL	T191	C0279592
27459610	1672	1694	overall survival rates	T081	C0038954
27459610	1790	1811	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27459610	1812	1821	including	T169	C0332257
27459610	1837	1840	RFs	T033	C0035648
27459610	1874	1879	T-ALL	T191	C0279592
27459610	1933	1942	patient's	T101	C0030705
27459610	1943	1946	age	T032	C0001779
27459610	1966	1971	B-ALL	T191	C0279593
27459610	1991	2007	chemotherapeutic	T121	C0729502
27459610	2035	2050	allogeneic BMTs	T061	C0149615
27459610	2081	2090	treatment	T061	C0087111
27459610	2091	2098	results	T034	C0456984
27459610	2102	2107	adult	T100	C0001675
27459610	2108	2116	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	2122	2125	ALL	T191	C0023449
27459610	2187	2197	cytostatic	T121	C0010858
27459610	2198	2205	effects	T080	C1280500
27459610	2213	2223	preserving	T169	C0728887
27459610	2234	2244	cytostatic	T121	C0010858
27459610	2245	2257	loading dose	T081	C3714444
27459610	2263	2270	results	T034	C0456984
27459610	2278	2285	Russian	T083	C0035970
27459610	2286	2299	investigation	T058	C0220825
27459610	2412	2427	allogeneic BMTs	T061	C0149615
27459610	2431	2436	adult	T100	C0001675
27459610	2437	2445	patients	T101	C0030705
27459610	2451	2454	ALL	T191	C0023449

27459898|t|Gold - Nanosponge -Based Multistimuli-Responsive Drug Vehicles for Targeted Chemo-Photothermal Therapy
27459898|a|Gold - nanosponge -based multistimuli-responsive drug vehicles are constructed for combined chemo-photothermal therapy with pinpointed drug delivery and release capabilities and minimized nonspecific systemic spread of drugs, remarkably enhancing the therapeutic efficiency while minimizing acute side effects.
27459898	0	4	Gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27459898	7	17	Nanosponge	T074	C0441126
27459898	25	62	Multistimuli-Responsive Drug Vehicles	T122	C0042444
27459898	67	75	Targeted	T169	C1521840
27459898	76	102	Chemo-Photothermal Therapy	T061	C0087111
27459898	103	107	Gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27459898	110	120	nanosponge	T074	C0441126
27459898	128	165	multistimuli-responsive drug vehicles	T122	C0042444
27459898	195	221	chemo-photothermal therapy	T061	C0087111
27459898	238	242	drug	T121	C1254351
27459898	243	251	delivery	T169	C1705822
27459898	256	263	release	T169	C0391871
27459898	291	302	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27459898	303	311	systemic	T169	C0205373
27459898	312	318	spread	T080	C0332261
27459898	322	327	drugs	T121	C0013227
27459898	340	349	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27459898	354	376	therapeutic efficiency	T080	C2348767
27459898	394	399	acute	T079	C0205178
27459898	400	412	side effects	T046	C0041755

27460285|t|Multidetector CT of expected findings and complications after contemporary inguinal hernia repair surgery
27460285|a|Inguinal hernia repair (IHR) with prosthetic mesh implantation is the most common procedure in general surgery, and may be performed using either an open or laparoscopic approach. This paper provides an overview of contemporary tension-free IHR techniques and materials, and illustrates the expected postoperative imaging findings and iatrogenic injuries. Emphasis is placed on multidetector CT, which represents the ideal modality to comprehensively visualize the operated groin region and deeper intra-abdominal structures. CT consistently depicts seroma, mesh infections, hemorrhages, bowel complications and urinary bladder injuries, and thus generally provides a consistent basis for therapeutic choice. Since radiologists are increasingly requested to investigate suspected iatrogenic complications, this paper aims to provide an increased familiarity with early CT studies after IHR, including complications and normal postoperative appearances such as focal pseudolesions, in order to avoid misinterpretation and inappropriate management.
27460285	0	16	Multidetector CT	T060	C3179130
27460285	20	28	expected	T170	C1517001
27460285	29	37	findings	T033	C0243095
27460285	42	55	complications	T046	C0009566
27460285	62	74	contemporary	T079	C1254367
27460285	75	97	inguinal hernia repair	T061	C0021446
27460285	98	105	surgery	T061	C0543467
27460285	106	128	Inguinal hernia repair	T061	C0021446
27460285	130	133	IHR	T061	C0021446
27460285	140	150	prosthetic	T074	C0175649
27460285	151	155	mesh	T074	C0181805
27460285	156	168	implantation	T061	C0021107
27460285	188	197	procedure	T061	C0087111
27460285	201	216	general surgery	T061	C2242991
27460285	229	238	performed	T169	C0884358
27460285	255	259	open	T082	C0348025
27460285	263	284	laparoscopic approach	T082	C0393360
27460285	291	296	paper	T073	C0030351
27460285	309	317	overview	T170	C0814812
27460285	321	333	contemporary	T079	C1254367
27460285	347	350	IHR	T061	C0021446
27460285	351	361	techniques	T169	C0449851
27460285	366	375	materials	T167	C0520510
27460285	397	405	expected	T170	C1517001
27460285	406	419	postoperative	T033	C0231287
27460285	420	436	imaging findings	T034	C1287399
27460285	441	460	iatrogenic injuries	T037	C0854404
27460285	484	500	multidetector CT	T060	C3179130
27460285	523	528	ideal	T080	C1512612
27460285	529	537	modality	T078	C0695347
27460285	571	579	operated	T169	C0205245
27460285	580	592	groin region	T029	C1279151
27460285	597	603	deeper	T082	C0205125
27460285	604	630	intra-abdominal structures	T023	C0588044
27460285	632	634	CT	T060	C0040405
27460285	656	662	seroma	T046	C0262627
27460285	664	679	mesh infections	T046	C3888473
27460285	681	692	hemorrhages	T046	C0019080
27460285	694	699	bowel	T023	C0021853
27460285	700	713	complications	T046	C0009566
27460285	718	733	urinary bladder	T023	C0005682
27460285	734	742	injuries	T037	C0403677
27460285	774	784	consistent	T078	C0332290
27460285	795	806	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27460285	807	813	choice	T052	C1707391
27460285	821	833	radiologists	T097	C0334907
27460285	838	850	increasingly	T169	C0442808
27460285	864	875	investigate	T169	C1292732
27460285	876	885	suspected	T078	C0750491
27460285	886	896	iatrogenic	T080	C0439669
27460285	897	910	complications	T046	C0009566
27460285	917	922	paper	T073	C0030351
27460285	942	951	increased	T081	C0205217
27460285	952	963	familiarity	T041	C0600269
27460285	969	974	early	T079	C1279919
27460285	975	977	CT	T060	C0040405
27460285	978	985	studies	T060	C1881134
27460285	992	995	IHR	T061	C0021446
27460285	1007	1020	complications	T046	C0009566
27460285	1025	1031	normal	T080	C0205307
27460285	1032	1045	postoperative	T033	C0231287
27460285	1046	1057	appearances	T080	C0700364
27460285	1066	1071	focal	T082	C0205234
27460285	1072	1085	pseudolesions	T046	C1261287
27460285	1099	1122	avoid misinterpretation	T058	C1254363
27460285	1127	1140	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
27460285	1141	1151	management	T058	C0376636

27460657|t|The transcription factors MS188 and AMS form a complex to activate the expression of CYP703A2 for sporopollenin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
27460657|a|The sexine layer of pollen grain is mainly composed of sporopollenins. The sporophytic secretory tapetum is required for the biosynthesis of sporopollenin. Although several enzymes involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis have been reported, the regulatory mechanism of these enzymes in tapetal layer remains elusive. ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS) and MALE STERILE 188 / MYB103 / MYB80 (MS188 / MYB103 / MYB80) are two tapetal cell -specific transcription factors required for pollen wall formation. AMS functions upstream of MS188. Here we report that AMS and MS188 target the CYP703A2 gene, which is involved in sporopollenin biosynthesis. We found that AMS and MS188 were localized in tapetum while CYP703A2 was localized in both tapetum and locule. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that MS188 directly bound to the promoter of CYP703A2 and luciferase-inducible assay showed that MS188 activated the expression of CYP703A2. Yeast two-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) further demonstrated that MS188 complexed with AMS. The expression of CYP703A2 could be partially restored by the elevated levels of MS188 in the ams mutant. Therefore, our data reveal that MS188 coordinates with AMS to activate CYP703A2 in sporopollenin biosynthesis of plant tapetum.
27460657	4	25	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27460657	26	31	MS188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	36	39	AMS	T116	C1434242
27460657	47	54	complex	T080	C0439855
27460657	58	66	activate	T169	C1515877
27460657	71	81	expression	T045	C1171362
27460657	85	93	CYP703A2	T116,T123	C2000791
27460657	98	124	sporopollenin biosynthesis	T044	C2755351
27460657	128	148	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
27460657	153	165	sexine layer	T026	C1820011
27460657	169	181	pollen grain	T002	C0032385
27460657	204	218	sporopollenins	T109	C0075041
27460657	224	253	sporophytic secretory tapetum	T025	C2717770
27460657	257	265	required	T169	C1514873
27460657	274	303	biosynthesis of sporopollenin	T044	C2755351
27460657	322	329	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27460657	330	338	involved	T169	C1314939
27460657	342	368	sporopollenin biosynthesis	T044	C2755351
27460657	393	413	regulatory mechanism	T044	C1152521
27460657	423	430	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27460657	434	447	tapetal layer	T025	C2717770
27460657	465	484	ABORTED MICROSPORES	T116	C1434242
27460657	486	489	AMS	T116	C1434242
27460657	495	511	MALE STERILE 188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	514	520	MYB103	T116,T123	C0769095
27460657	523	528	MYB80	T116,T123	C0769095
27460657	530	535	MS188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	538	544	MYB103	T116,T123	C0769095
27460657	547	552	MYB80	T116,T123	C0769095
27460657	562	574	tapetal cell	T025	C2717770
27460657	585	606	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27460657	607	615	required	T169	C1514873
27460657	620	641	pollen wall formation	T042	C1326804
27460657	643	646	AMS	T116	C1434242
27460657	647	656	functions	T169	C0542341
27460657	657	665	upstream	T082	C0522505
27460657	669	674	MS188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	696	699	AMS	T116	C1434242
27460657	704	709	MS188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	710	716	target	T169	C1521840
27460657	721	734	CYP703A2 gene	T028	C1333195
27460657	745	753	involved	T169	C1314939
27460657	757	783	sporopollenin biosynthesis	T044	C2755351
27460657	799	802	AMS	T116	C1434242
27460657	807	812	MS188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	818	827	localized	T082	C0392752
27460657	831	838	tapetum	T025	C2717770
27460657	845	853	CYP703A2	T116,T123	C2000791
27460657	858	867	localized	T082	C0392752
27460657	876	883	tapetum	T025	C2717770
27460657	888	894	locule	T002	C1136229
27460657	896	925	Chromatin immunoprecipitation	T059	C1328856
27460657	927	931	ChIP	T059	C1328856
27460657	945	950	MS188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	960	965	bound	T052	C1145667
27460657	973	981	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27460657	985	993	CYP703A2	T028	C1333195
27460657	998	1018	luciferase-inducible	T116,T126,T130	C0024075
27460657	1019	1024	assay	T059	C1510438
27460657	1037	1042	MS188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	1043	1052	activated	T052	C1879547
27460657	1057	1067	expression	T045	C1171362
27460657	1071	1079	CYP703A2	T116,T123	C2000791
27460657	1081	1097	Yeast two-hybrid	T063	C1961118
27460657	1102	1139	electrophoretic mobility shift assays	T059	C0949632
27460657	1141	1146	EMSAs	T059	C0949632
27460657	1174	1179	MS188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	1180	1189	complexed	T080	C0439855
27460657	1195	1198	AMS	T116	C1434242
27460657	1204	1214	expression	T045	C1171362
27460657	1218	1226	CYP703A2	T028	C1333195
27460657	1262	1277	elevated levels	T080	C3163633
27460657	1281	1286	MS188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	1294	1297	ams	T116	C1434242
27460657	1298	1304	mutant	T049	C0596988
27460657	1321	1325	data	T078	C1511726
27460657	1326	1332	reveal	T080	C0443289
27460657	1338	1343	MS188	T116,T123	C4277090
27460657	1344	1355	coordinates	T169	C0700114
27460657	1361	1364	AMS	T116	C1434242
27460657	1368	1376	activate	T169	C1515877
27460657	1377	1385	CYP703A2	T116,T123	C2000791
27460657	1389	1415	sporopollenin biosynthesis	T044	C2755351
27460657	1419	1424	plant	T002	C0032098
27460657	1425	1432	tapetum	T025	C2717770

27460729|t|Bioinformatic analysis of RNA-seq data unveiled critical genes in rectal adenocarcinoma
27460729|a|RNA-seq data of rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) were analyzed with bioinformatics tools to unveil potential biomarkers in the disease. RNA-seq data of READ were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential analysis was performed with package edgeR. False discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and |log2 (fold change)|>1 were set as cut-off values to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Gene coexpression network was constructed with package Ebcoexpress. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis was performed for the DEGs in the gene coexpression network with DAVID online tool. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis was also performed for the genes with KOBASS 2.0. A total of 620 DEGs, 3ated genes, and 231 down-regulated genes, were identified from 163 READ samples and 9 normal controls. A gene coexpression network consisting of 71 DEGs and 253 edges were constructed. Genes were associated with ribosome and focal adhesion functions. Three modules were identified, in which genes were involved in muscle contraction, negative regulation of glial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix organization functions, respectively. Several critical hub genes were disclosed, such as RPS2, MMP1, MMP11 and FAM83H. Thirteen relevant small molecule drugs were identified, such as scriptaid and spaglumic acid. A total of 8 TFs and 5 miRNAs were acquired, such as MYC, NFY, STAT5A, miR-29, miR-200 and miR-19. Several critical genes and relevant drugs, TFs and miRNAs were revealed in READ. These findings could advance the understanding about the disease and benefit therapy development.
27460729	0	13	Bioinformatic	T091	C1140694
27460729	14	22	analysis	T062	C0936012
27460729	26	33	RNA-seq	T086	C0162327
27460729	34	38	data	T078	C1511726
27460729	48	62	critical genes	T028	C0017337
27460729	66	87	rectal adenocarcinoma	T191	C0149978
27460729	88	95	RNA-seq	T086	C0162327
27460729	96	100	data	T078	C1511726
27460729	104	125	rectal adenocarcinoma	T191	C0149978
27460729	127	131	READ	T191	C0149978
27460729	138	146	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27460729	152	172	bioinformatics tools	T091	C1140694
27460729	176	203	unveil potential biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27460729	211	218	disease	T047	C0012634
27460729	220	227	RNA-seq	T086	C0162327
27460729	228	232	data	T078	C1511726
27460729	236	240	READ	T191	C0149978
27460729	262	285	The Cancer Genome Atlas	T062	C3273927
27460729	287	291	TCGA	T062	C3273927
27460729	293	301	database	T170	C0242356
27460729	316	324	analysis	T062	C0936012
27460729	329	338	performed	T169	C0884358
27460729	344	357	package edgeR	T170	C0282574
27460729	359	379	False discovery rate	T081	C1880720
27460729	381	384	FDR	T081	C1880720
27460729	461	491	differentially expressed genes	T028	C0017337
27460729	493	497	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27460729	500	517	Gene coexpression	T045	C0017262
27460729	518	525	network	T044	C1720950
27460729	547	566	package Ebcoexpress	T170	C0282574
27460729	568	581	Gene Ontology	T170	C1138831
27460729	593	601	analysis	T062	C0936012
27460729	606	615	performed	T169	C0884358
27460729	624	628	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27460729	636	653	gene coexpression	T045	C0017262
27460729	654	661	network	T169	C1882071
27460729	667	684	DAVID online tool	T073,T170	C0029038
27460729	686	704	Kyoto Encyclopedia	T170	C0014095
27460729	708	713	Genes	T028	C0017337
27460729	718	725	Genomes	T028	C0017428
27460729	745	753	analysis	T062	C0936012
27460729	763	772	performed	T169	C0884358
27460729	781	786	genes	T028	C0017337
27460729	792	798	KOBASS	T073,T170	C0029038
27460729	819	823	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27460729	831	836	genes	T028	C0017337
27460729	846	860	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27460729	861	866	genes	T028	C0017337
27460729	873	883	identified	T080	C0205396
27460729	893	897	READ	T191	C0149978
27460729	912	927	normal controls	T080	C2705716
27460729	931	948	gene coexpression	T045	C0017262
27460729	949	956	network	T169	C1882071
27460729	974	978	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27460729	1011	1016	Genes	T028	C0017337
27460729	1022	1037	associated with	T080	C0332281
27460729	1038	1046	ribosome	T026	C0035553
27460729	1051	1065	focal adhesion	T026	C0887870
27460729	1066	1075	functions	T169	C0542341
27460729	1083	1090	modules	T044	C1959595
27460729	1096	1106	identified	T080	C0205396
27460729	1117	1122	genes	T028	C0017337
27460729	1140	1158	muscle contraction	T039	C0026820
27460729	1160	1207	negative regulation of glial cell proliferation	T043	C2610375
27460729	1212	1245	extracellular matrix organization	T043	C1160609
27460729	1246	1255	functions	T169	C0542341
27460729	1288	1297	hub genes	T028	C0017337
27460729	1322	1326	RPS2	T028	C1419718
27460729	1328	1332	MMP1	T028	C1417199
27460729	1334	1339	MMP11	T028	C1366519
27460729	1344	1350	FAM83H	T028	C1825168
27460729	1361	1369	relevant	T080	C2347946
27460729	1370	1390	small molecule drugs	T121	C1254351
27460729	1396	1406	identified	T080	C0205396
27460729	1416	1425	scriptaid	T109,T121	C0917681
27460729	1430	1444	spaglumic acid	T109,T121	C2348231
27460729	1459	1462	TFs	T116,T123	C0040648
27460729	1467	1475	5 miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27460729	1499	1502	MYC	T028	C0086661
27460729	1504	1507	NFY	T116,T123	C0910920
27460729	1509	1515	STAT5A	T028	C1335875
27460729	1517	1523	miR-29	T114	C2605694
27460729	1525	1532	miR-200	T114	C2713655
27460729	1537	1543	miR-19	T114	C2933761
27460729	1562	1567	genes	T028	C0017337
27460729	1572	1580	relevant	T080	C2347946
27460729	1581	1586	drugs	T061	C3687832
27460729	1588	1591	TFs	T116,T123	C0040648
27460729	1596	1602	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27460729	1620	1624	READ	T191	C0149978
27460729	1683	1690	disease	T047	C0012634
27460729	1703	1722	therapy development	T170	C1328820

27461472|t|Activation of ephrinB-EphB receptor signalling in rat spinal cord contributes to maintenance of diabetic neuropathic pain
27461472|a|Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is severe and intractable in clinic. The specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying DNP remain elusive and its treatment are limited. We investigated roles of EphB1 receptor in the development of DNP. Diabetic neuropathic pain was produced in male, adult, Sprague-Dawley rats by a single i.p. streptozotocin (STZ) or alloxan. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to analyse expression of EphB1 receptor as well as the activation of the glial cells and the pro-inflammatory cytokines in the spinal cord. DNP manifested as mechanical allodynia, which was determined by measuring incidence of foot withdrawal in response to mechanical indentation of the hind paw by an electro von Frey filament. Diabetic neuropathic pain and high blood glucose were exhibited simultaneously in around 70% of animals that received i.p. STZ or alloxan. Phosphorylation of EphB1, activation of the astrocytes and microglial cells, and level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β in the spinal cord were significantly increased in rats with DNP. Spinal blocking EphB1 receptor activation in the late phase after STZ injection significantly suppressed the established mechanical allodynia as well as activation of the astrocytes and microglial cells and activity of TNF-α and IL-1β. However, spinal treatment of EphB1 - Fc in the early phase after STZ injection did not prevent the induction of DNP. EphB1 receptor activation in the spinal cord is critical to the maintenance, but not induction of diabetic pain. EphB1 receptor may be a potential target for relieving the established diabetic pain. Activation of EphB1 receptor in the spinal cord is critical to maintaining the established diabetic neuropathic pain, but not to diabetic pain induction. Spinal blocking EphB1 receptor activation suppresses ongoing diabetic neuropathic pain.
27461472	0	10	Activation	T052	C1879547
27461472	14	46	ephrinB-EphB receptor signalling	T169	C2984386
27461472	50	65	rat spinal cord	T023	C1882864
27461472	81	92	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27461472	96	104	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27461472	105	121	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27461472	122	130	Diabetic	T033	C0241863
27461472	131	147	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27461472	149	152	DNP	T033	C3714625
27461472	157	163	severe	T080	C0205082
27461472	168	179	intractable	T169	C0205269
27461472	183	189	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27461472	195	203	specific	T080	C0205369
27461472	204	212	cellular	T043	C0007613
27461472	217	226	molecular	T044	C1148560
27461472	227	237	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27461472	249	252	DNP	T033	C3714625
27461472	276	285	treatment	T169	C0039798
27461472	290	297	limited	T169	C0439801
27461472	302	314	investigated	T169	C1292732
27461472	315	320	roles	T077	C1705810
27461472	324	338	EphB1 receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0907648
27461472	361	364	DNP	T033	C3714625
27461472	366	374	Diabetic	T033	C0241863
27461472	375	391	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27461472	408	412	male	T032	C0086582
27461472	414	419	adult	T100	C0001675
27461472	421	440	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
27461472	458	472	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
27461472	474	477	STZ	T109,T195	C0038432
27461472	482	489	alloxan	T109,T123	C0002151
27461472	491	512	Western blot analysis	T059	C0949466
27461472	517	537	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27461472	559	569	expression	T045	C1171362
27461472	573	587	EphB1 receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0907648
27461472	603	613	activation	T052	C1879547
27461472	621	632	glial cells	T025	C0027836
27461472	641	667	pro-inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27461472	675	686	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
27461472	688	691	DNP	T033	C3714625
27461472	692	702	manifested	T169	C0205319
27461472	706	726	mechanical allodynia	T184	C2936719
27461472	752	761	measuring	T080	C0444706
27461472	762	771	incidence	T081	C0021149
27461472	775	779	foot	T023	C0016504
27461472	780	790	withdrawal	T052	C0441655
27461472	794	802	response	T032	C0871261
27461472	806	828	mechanical indentation	T082	C0332467
27461472	836	840	hind	T082	C2983612
27461472	841	844	paw	T023	C0687080
27461472	851	876	electro von Frey filament	T073	C3273359
27461472	878	886	Diabetic	T033	C0241863
27461472	887	903	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27461472	908	926	high blood glucose	T033	C2919432
27461472	942	956	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27461472	974	981	animals	T008	C0003062
27461472	1001	1004	STZ	T109,T195	C0038432
27461472	1008	1015	alloxan	T109,T123	C0002151
27461472	1017	1032	Phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27461472	1036	1041	EphB1	T116,T126,T192	C0907648
27461472	1043	1053	activation	T052	C1879547
27461472	1061	1071	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27461472	1076	1092	microglial cells	T025	C0206116
27461472	1098	1103	level	T080	C0441889
27461472	1107	1129	tumour necrosis factor	T116,T129	C1456820
27461472	1130	1137	(TNF)-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27461472	1142	1161	interleukin (IL)-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27461472	1169	1180	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
27461472	1213	1217	rats	T015	C0034721
27461472	1223	1226	DNP	T033	C3714625
27461472	1228	1234	Spinal	T082	C0521329
27461472	1235	1243	blocking	T169	C0332206
27461472	1244	1258	EphB1 receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0907648
27461472	1259	1269	activation	T052	C1879547
27461472	1294	1297	STZ	T109,T195	C0038432
27461472	1298	1307	injection	T061	C1533685
27461472	1322	1332	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27461472	1349	1369	mechanical allodynia	T184	C2936719
27461472	1381	1391	activation	T052	C1879547
27461472	1399	1409	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27461472	1414	1430	microglial cells	T025	C0206116
27461472	1435	1443	activity	T052	C0441655
27461472	1447	1452	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27461472	1457	1462	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27461472	1473	1479	spinal	T082	C0521329
27461472	1480	1489	treatment	T169	C0039798
27461472	1493	1498	EphB1	T116,T126,T192	C0907648
27461472	1501	1503	Fc	T116,T129,T192	C0034805
27461472	1511	1522	early phase	UnknownType	C0814494
27461472	1529	1532	STZ	T109,T195	C0038432
27461472	1533	1542	injection	T061	C1533685
27461472	1563	1572	induction	T169	C0205263
27461472	1576	1579	DNP	T033	C3714625
27461472	1581	1595	EphB1 receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0907648
27461472	1596	1606	activation	T052	C1879547
27461472	1614	1625	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
27461472	1629	1637	critical	T080	C1511545
27461472	1645	1656	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27461472	1666	1675	induction	T169	C0205263
27461472	1679	1687	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27461472	1688	1692	pain	T184	C0030193
27461472	1694	1708	EphB1 receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0907648
27461472	1718	1727	potential	T080	C3245505
27461472	1728	1734	target	T169	C1521840
27461472	1739	1748	relieving	T061	C0002766
27461472	1765	1773	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27461472	1774	1778	pain	T184	C0030193
27461472	1780	1790	Activation	T052	C1879547
27461472	1794	1808	EphB1 receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0907648
27461472	1816	1827	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
27461472	1831	1839	critical	T080	C1511545
27461472	1843	1854	maintaining	T169	C1314677
27461472	1871	1879	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27461472	1880	1896	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27461472	1909	1917	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27461472	1918	1922	pain	T184	C0030193
27461472	1923	1932	induction	T169	C0205263
27461472	1934	1940	Spinal	T082	C0521329
27461472	1941	1949	blocking	T169	C0332206
27461472	1950	1964	EphB1 receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0907648
27461472	1965	1975	activation	T052	C1879547
27461472	1976	1986	suppresses	T169	C1260953
27461472	1995	2003	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27461472	2004	2020	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625

27461500|t|Regulation of bone homeostasis by glucose
27461500|a|Synthesis of type Ⅰ collagen, a m ajor c omponent of the b one matrix, p recedes t he expression of R unt-related transcription factor 2(R unx2), a master regulator in osteoblast differentiation. Thus, a direct link between osteoblast differentiation and bone formation is seemingly absent, and how these are maintained in a coordinated matter remains unclear. It was recently demonstrated that osteoblasts depend on glucose, which glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1)takes up as an energy source, and it was found that glucose uptake promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation via AMP-activated protein kinase. It was also shown that Runx2 upregulates GLUT1 expression, and this Runx2 - GLUT1 feedforward regulation integrates and coordinates osteoblast differentiation and bone formation throughout life. These previous findings revealed that the energy metabolism balance in osteoblasts integrates the differentiation and function of osteoblasts, and re-emphasized the importance of crosstalk between bone and sugar metabolism.
27461500	0	10	Regulation	T038	C1327622
27461500	14	18	bone	T023	C0262950
27461500	19	30	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27461500	34	41	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27461500	42	51	Synthesis	T038	C0220781
27461500	55	71	type Ⅰ collagen,	T116,T123	C0041455
27461500	76	82	ajor c	T080	C0205164
27461500	101	112	one matrix,	T024	C0005962
27461500	115	124	recedes t	T169	C0205245
27461500	128	138	expression	T045	C0017262
27461500	144	180	unt-related transcription factor 2(R	T116,T123	C1529564
27461500	179	187	R unx2),	T116,T123	C1529564
27461500	190	196	master	T080	C0444649
27461500	197	206	regulator	T077	C1704735
27461500	210	236	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
27461500	246	252	direct	T080	C1947931
27461500	266	292	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
27461500	297	311	bone formation	T042	C0029433
27461500	315	324	seemingly	T033	C0243095
27461500	325	331	absent	T169	C0332197
27461500	351	361	maintained	T169	C1314677
27461500	367	378	coordinated	T169	C0700114
27461500	394	401	unclear	T033	C3845108
27461500	410	418	recently	T079	C0332185
27461500	437	448	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27461500	459	466	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27461500	474	500	glucose transporter type 1	T116,T123	C0168458
27461500	502	507	GLUT1	T116,T123	C0168458
27461500	523	536	energy source	T033	C0449417
27461500	549	554	found	T033	C0150312
27461500	560	574	glucose uptake	T043	C1159527
27461500	575	583	promotes	T052	C0033414
27461500	584	610	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
27461500	615	629	bone formation	T042	C0029433
27461500	634	662	AMP-activated protein kinase	T116,T126	C2350345
27461500	687	692	Runx2	T116,T123	C1529564
27461500	693	704	upregulates	T044	C0041904
27461500	705	710	GLUT1	T116,T123	C0168458
27461500	711	721	expression	T045	C1171362
27461500	732	737	Runx2	T116,T123	C1529564
27461500	740	745	GLUT1	T116,T123	C0168458
27461500	746	757	feedforward	T080	C0205556
27461500	758	768	regulation	T038	C1327622
27461500	769	779	integrates	T169	C0205245
27461500	784	795	coordinates	T169	C0700114
27461500	796	822	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
27461500	827	841	bone formation	T042	C0029433
27461500	842	852	throughout	T079	C1254367
27461500	853	857	life	T078	C0376558
27461500	865	873	previous	T079	C0205156
27461500	874	882	findings	T033	C0243095
27461500	883	891	revealed	T080	C0443289
27461500	901	918	energy metabolism	T039	C0014272
27461500	919	926	balance	T040	C0014653
27461500	930	941	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27461500	942	952	integrates	T169	C0205245
27461500	957	972	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27461500	977	985	function	T169	C0542341
27461500	989	1000	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27461500	1006	1019	re-emphasized	T080	C0205556
27461500	1024	1034	importance	T080	C0205556
27461500	1038	1047	crosstalk	T044	C0010357
27461500	1056	1060	bone	T042	C0596204
27461500	1065	1081	sugar metabolism	T059	C1979810

27461771|t|Chelation competition induced polymerization (CCIP): construction of integrated hollow polydopamine nanocontainers with tailorable functionalities
27461771|a|A novel ' chelation competition induced polymerization ' route was developed to construct hollow polydopamine nanocontainers with tailorable functionalities. The mechanism is systematically investigated and the nanocontainers constructed through this method show excellent chemo-thermo performance in vitro. This strategy is facile and is expected to be used for the construction of a series of hollow polymer nanostructures.
27461771	0	21	Chelation competition	T121,T130	C0007974
27461771	22	29	induced	T169	C0205263
27461771	30	44	polymerization	T067	C0314672
27461771	46	50	CCIP	T067	C0314672
27461771	53	65	construction	UnknownType	C0868944
27461771	80	99	hollow polydopamine	T109,T121	C3252413
27461771	100	114	nanocontainers	T073	C1881956
27461771	120	146	tailorable functionalities	T077	C1254372
27461771	157	178	chelation competition	T121,T130	C0007974
27461771	179	186	induced	T169	C0205263
27461771	187	201	polymerization	T067	C0314672
27461771	237	256	hollow polydopamine	T109,T121	C3252413
27461771	257	271	nanocontainers	T073	C1881956
27461771	277	303	tailorable functionalities	T077	C1254372
27461771	358	372	nanocontainers	T073	C1881956
27461771	373	384	constructed	UnknownType	C0868944
27461771	420	444	chemo-thermo performance	T033	C0243095
27461771	501	505	used	T033	C3258071
27461771	514	526	construction	UnknownType	C0868944
27461771	542	556	hollow polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27461771	557	571	nanostructures	T073	C1450053

27462099|t|Hemodynamic correlates of transient cognitive impairment after transient ischemic attack and minor stroke: A transcranial Doppler study
27462099|a|Transient cognitive impairment (TCI) on the Mini Mental State Evaluation score is common after transient ischemic attack / minor stroke and might identify patients at increased risk of dementia. We aimed to replicate TCI using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), compare it with persistent Mild Cognitive Impairment (PMCI), and to determine whether global cerebral hemodynamic changes could explain transient impairment. Consecutive patients with transient ischemic attack / minor stroke (NIHSS ≤ 3) were assessed with the MoCA and transcranial Doppler ultrasound acutely and at 1 month. We compared patients with TCI (baseline MoCA < 26 with ≥ 2 points increase at 1 month), PMCI (MoCA < 26 with < 2 points increase), and no cognitive impairment (NCI; MoCA ≥ 26). Of 326 patients, 46 (14.1%) had PMCI, 98 (30.1%) TCI, and 182 (55.8%) NCI. At baseline, TCI patients had higher systolic blood pressure (150.95 ± 21.52 vs 144.86 ± 22.44 mmHg, p = 0.02) and lower cerebral blood flow velocities, particularly end-diastolic velocity (30.16 ± 9.63 vs 35.02 ± 9.01 cm/s, p < 0.001) and mean flow velocity (48.95 ± 12.72 vs 54 ± 12.46 cm/s, p = 0.001) than those with NCI, but similar clinical and hemodynamic profiles to those with PMCI. Systolic BP fell between baseline and 1 month (mean reduction = 14.01 ± 21.26 mmHg) and end-diastolic velocity and mean flow velocity increased (mean increase = + 2.42 ± 6.41 and 1.89 ± 8.77 cm/s, respectively), but these changes did not differ between patients with TCI, PMCI, and NCI. TCI is detectable with the MoCA after transient ischemic attack and minor stroke and has similar clinical and hemodynamic profile to PMCI. However, TCI does not appear to be due to exaggerated acute reversible global hemodynamic changes.
27462099	0	11	Hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27462099	26	56	transient cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27462099	63	88	transient ischemic attack	T047	C0007787
27462099	93	105	minor stroke	T047	C0038454
27462099	109	135	transcranial Doppler study	T060	C0554756
27462099	136	166	Transient cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27462099	168	171	TCI	T048	C0338656
27462099	180	208	Mini Mental State Evaluation	T060	C0451306
27462099	209	214	score	T081	C0449820
27462099	231	256	transient ischemic attack	T047	C0007787
27462099	259	271	minor stroke	T047	C0038454
27462099	282	290	identify	T080	C0205396
27462099	291	299	patients	T101	C0030705
27462099	313	317	risk	T078	C0035647
27462099	321	329	dementia	T048	C0497327
27462099	334	339	aimed	T078	C1947946
27462099	343	352	replicate	T080	C1883725
27462099	353	356	TCI	T048	C0338656
27462099	367	396	Montreal Cognitive Assessment	T170	C3496286
27462099	398	402	MoCA	T170	C3496286
27462099	405	412	compare	T052	C1707455
27462099	421	457	persistent Mild Cognitive Impairment	T048	C1270972
27462099	459	463	PMCI	T048	C1270972
27462099	491	497	global	T080	C2348867
27462099	498	506	cerebral	T023	C0228174
27462099	507	518	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27462099	519	526	changes	T169	C0392747
27462099	541	550	transient	T079	C0205374
27462099	551	561	impairment	T169	C0221099
27462099	575	583	patients	T101	C0030705
27462099	589	614	transient ischemic attack	T047	C0007787
27462099	617	629	minor stroke	T047	C0038454
27462099	647	655	assessed	T052	C1516048
27462099	665	669	MoCA	T170	C3496286
27462099	674	705	transcranial Doppler ultrasound	T060	C0206077
27462099	706	713	acutely	T079	C0205178
27462099	733	741	compared	T052	C1707455
27462099	742	750	patients	T101	C0030705
27462099	756	759	TCI	T048	C0338656
27462099	761	769	baseline	T081	C1442488
27462099	770	774	MoCA	T170	C3496286
27462099	789	795	points	T081	C1552961
27462099	796	804	increase	T169	C0442805
27462099	818	822	PMCI	T048	C1270972
27462099	824	828	MoCA	T170	C3496286
27462099	843	849	points	T081	C1552961
27462099	850	858	increase	T169	C0442805
27462099	865	888	no cognitive impairment	T033	C4230628
27462099	890	893	NCI	T033	C4230628
27462099	895	899	MoCA	T170	C3496286
27462099	914	922	patients	T101	C0030705
27462099	939	943	PMCI	T048	C1270972
27462099	956	959	TCI	T048	C0338656
27462099	977	980	NCI	T033	C4230628
27462099	985	993	baseline	T081	C1442488
27462099	995	998	TCI	T048	C0338656
27462099	999	1007	patients	T101	C0030705
27462099	1012	1042	higher systolic blood pressure	T033	C0277884
27462099	1097	1102	lower	T080	C0205251
27462099	1103	1133	cerebral blood flow velocities	T081	C0005798
27462099	1148	1170	end-diastolic velocity	T081	C0439830
27462099	1222	1240	mean flow velocity	T033	C4287833
27462099	1303	1306	NCI	T033	C4230628
27462099	1320	1328	clinical	T080	C0205210
27462099	1333	1344	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27462099	1345	1353	profiles	T059	C1979963
27462099	1368	1372	PMCI	T048	C1270972
27462099	1374	1390	Systolic BP fell	T033	C0277885
27462099	1399	1407	baseline	T081	C1442488
27462099	1421	1425	mean	T081	C0444504
27462099	1426	1435	reduction	T061	C0441610
27462099	1462	1484	end-diastolic velocity	T081	C0439830
27462099	1489	1507	mean flow velocity	T033	C4287833
27462099	1508	1517	increased	T169	C0442805
27462099	1519	1523	mean	T081	C0444504
27462099	1524	1532	increase	T169	C0442805
27462099	1596	1603	changes	T169	C0392747
27462099	1608	1618	not differ	T033	C3842396
27462099	1627	1635	patients	T101	C0030705
27462099	1641	1644	TCI	T048	C0338656
27462099	1646	1650	PMCI	T048	C1270972
27462099	1656	1659	NCI	T033	C4230628
27462099	1661	1664	TCI	T048	C0338656
27462099	1668	1678	detectable	T201	C3830527
27462099	1688	1692	MoCA	T170	C3496286
27462099	1699	1724	transient ischemic attack	T047	C0007787
27462099	1729	1741	minor stroke	T047	C0038454
27462099	1758	1766	clinical	T080	C0205210
27462099	1771	1782	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27462099	1783	1790	profile	T059	C1979963
27462099	1794	1798	PMCI	T048	C1270972
27462099	1809	1812	TCI	T048	C0338656
27462099	1818	1828	not appear	T169	C0332197
27462099	1842	1853	exaggerated	T080	C0442801
27462099	1854	1859	acute	T079	C0205178
27462099	1860	1870	reversible	T169	C0205343
27462099	1871	1877	global	T080	C2348867
27462099	1878	1889	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27462099	1890	1897	changes	T169	C0392747

27463423|t|Impaired autophagy in macrophages promotes inflammatory eye disease
27463423|a|Autophagy is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Organs such as the eye and brain are immunologically privileged. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy is essential for maintaining ocular immune privilege. Deletion of multiple autophagy genes in macrophages leads to an inflammation-mediated eye disease called uveitis that can cause blindness. Loss of autophagy activates inflammasome -mediated IL1B secretion that increases disease severity. Inhibition of caspase activity by gene deletion or pharmacological means completely reverses the disease phenotype. Of interest, experimental uveitis was also increased in a model of Crohn disease, a systemic autoimmune disease in which patients often develop uveitis, offering a potential mechanistic link between macrophage autophagy and systemic disease. These findings directly implicate the homeostatic process of autophagy in blinding eye disease and identify novel pathways for therapeutic intervention in uveitis.
27463423	0	8	Impaired	T169	C0221099
27463423	9	18	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27463423	22	33	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27463423	43	67	inflammatory eye disease	T047	C0042164
27463423	68	77	Autophagy	T043	C0004391
27463423	106	126	cellular homeostasis	T043	C2244223
27463423	128	134	Organs	T023	C0178784
27463423	147	150	eye	T023	C0015392
27463423	155	160	brain	T023	C0006104
27463423	165	180	immunologically	T169	C0205470
27463423	219	228	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27463423	258	264	ocular	T023	C0015392
27463423	265	271	immune	T169	C0439662
27463423	283	291	Deletion	T045	C0017260
27463423	295	303	multiple	T081	C0439064
27463423	304	313	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27463423	314	319	genes	T028	C0017337
27463423	323	334	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27463423	347	380	inflammation-mediated eye disease	T047	C0042164
27463423	388	395	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27463423	411	420	blindness	T033	C0456909
27463423	422	426	Loss	T081	C1517945
27463423	430	439	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27463423	440	449	activates	T052	C1879547
27463423	450	462	inflammasome	T116,T123	C2936529
27463423	473	477	IL1B	T116,T123	C1702300
27463423	478	487	secretion	T043	C1327616
27463423	503	519	disease severity	T080	C0521117
27463423	521	531	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27463423	535	551	caspase activity	T044	C1150130
27463423	555	568	gene deletion	T045	C0017260
27463423	572	587	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27463423	605	635	reverses the disease phenotype	T033	C4086829
27463423	650	662	experimental	T080	C1517586
27463423	663	670	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27463423	695	700	model	T170	C3161035
27463423	704	717	Crohn disease	T047	C0010346
27463423	721	729	systemic	T047	C0442893
27463423	730	748	autoimmune disease	T047	C0004364
27463423	758	766	patients	T101	C0030705
27463423	781	788	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27463423	836	846	macrophage	T025	C0024432
27463423	847	856	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27463423	861	877	systemic disease	T047	C0442893
27463423	917	936	homeostatic process	T038	C0019868
27463423	940	949	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27463423	953	961	blinding	T062	C0150108
27463423	962	973	eye disease	T047	C0015397
27463423	987	992	novel	T080	C0205314
27463423	993	1001	pathways	T077	C1705987
27463423	1006	1030	therapeutic intervention	T061	C0808232
27463423	1034	1041	uveitis	T047	C0042164

27463515|t|Conservation of the Red Kite Milvus milvus (Aves: Accipitriformes) Is Not Affected by the Establishment of a Broad Hybrid Zone with the Black Kite Milvus migrans migrans in Central Europe
27463515|a|Among Accipitriformes sensu stricto, only a few species have been reported to form hybrid zones; these include the red kite Milvus milvus and black kite Milvus migrans migrans. M. milvus is endemic to the western Palearctic and has an estimated total population of 20-24,000 breeding pairs. The species was in decline until the 1970s due to persecution and has declined again since the 1990s due to ingestion of rodenticide-treated baits, illegal poisoning and changes in agricultural practices, particularly in its core range. Whereas F1 M. milvus × M. migr. migrans hybrid offspring have been found, F2 and F3 hybrids have only rarely been reported, with low nesting success rates of F1 hybrids and partial hybrid sterility likely playing a role. Here, we analyzed the mitochondrial (CO1 and CytB) and nuclear (Myc) DNA loci of 184 M. milvus, 124 M. migr. migrans and 3 F1 hybrid individuals collected across central Europe. In agreement with previous studies, we found low heterozygosity in M. milvus regardless of locus. We found that populations of both examined species were characterized by a high gene flow within populations, with all of the major haplotypes distributed across the entire examined area. Few haplotypes displayed statistically significant aggregation in one region over another. We did not find mitochondrial DNA of one species in individuals with the plumage of the other species, except in F1 hybrids, which agrees with Haldane´s Rule. It remains to be investigated by genomic methods whether occasional gene flow occurs through the paternal line, as the examined Myc gene displayed only marginal divergence between M. milvus and M. migr. migrans. The central Europe an population of M. milvus is clearly subject to free intraspecific gene flow, which has direct implications when considering the origin of individuals in M. milvus re-introduction programs.
27463515	0	12	Conservation	T080	C2347858
27463515	20	28	Red Kite	T012	C0325557
27463515	29	42	Milvus milvus	T012	C0325557
27463515	44	48	Aves	T012	C0005595
27463515	50	65	Accipitriformes	T012	C3669511
27463515	74	82	Affected	T169	C0392760
27463515	115	121	Hybrid	T001	C0020205
27463515	122	126	Zone	T082	C1710706
27463515	136	146	Black Kite	T012	C1016933
27463515	147	169	Milvus migrans migrans	T012	C1016933
27463515	173	187	Central Europe	T083	C0682369
27463515	194	209	Accipitriformes	T012	C3669511
27463515	236	243	species	T185	C1705920
27463515	254	262	reported	T170	C0684224
27463515	271	277	hybrid	T001	C0020205
27463515	278	283	zones	T082	C1710706
27463515	303	311	red kite	T012	C0325557
27463515	312	325	Milvus milvus	T012	C0325557
27463515	330	340	black kite	T012	C1016933
27463515	341	363	Milvus migrans migrans	T012	C1016933
27463515	365	374	M. milvus	T012	C0325557
27463515	378	385	endemic	T169	C0302891
27463515	393	411	western Palearctic	UnknownType	C0681784
27463515	439	449	population	T081	C0032659
27463515	463	471	breeding	T040	C0006159
27463515	472	477	pairs	T080	C1709450
27463515	483	490	species	T185	C1705920
27463515	529	540	persecution	T054	C0871062
27463515	587	596	ingestion	T038	C0232478
27463515	600	625	rodenticide-treated baits	T131	C0035805
27463515	627	634	illegal	T078	C3242151
27463515	635	644	poisoning	T037	C0032343
27463515	660	682	agricultural practices	T090	C0001829
27463515	704	708	core	T082	C0444669
27463515	709	714	range	T081	C1514721
27463515	724	726	F1	T099	C0314650
27463515	727	736	M. milvus	T012	C0325557
27463515	739	755	M. migr. migrans	T012	C1016933
27463515	756	762	hybrid	T001	C0020205
27463515	763	772	offspring	T099	C0680063
27463515	790	792	F2	T099	C0314651
27463515	797	799	F3	T099	C0680063
27463515	800	807	hybrids	T001	C0020205
27463515	830	838	reported	T170	C0684224
27463515	849	856	nesting	T054	C0027776
27463515	857	864	success	T054	C0597535
27463515	865	870	rates	T081	C1521828
27463515	874	876	F1	T099	C0314650
27463515	877	884	hybrids	T001	C0020205
27463515	889	896	partial	T081	C0728938
27463515	897	903	hybrid	T001	C0020205
27463515	946	954	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27463515	959	972	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27463515	974	977	CO1	T028	C1537985
27463515	982	986	CytB	T028	C1537988
27463515	992	999	nuclear	T026	C0007610
27463515	1001	1004	Myc	T028	C0086661
27463515	1006	1009	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27463515	1010	1014	loci	T082	C1708726
27463515	1022	1031	M. milvus	T012	C0325557
27463515	1037	1053	M. migr. migrans	T012	C1016933
27463515	1060	1062	F1	T099	C0314650
27463515	1063	1069	hybrid	T001	C0020205
27463515	1099	1113	central Europe	T083	C0682369
27463515	1118	1127	agreement	T170	C4255373
27463515	1142	1149	studies	T062	C2603343
27463515	1164	1178	heterozygosity	T032	C0019425
27463515	1182	1191	M. milvus	T012	C0325557
27463515	1206	1211	locus	T082	C1708726
27463515	1227	1238	populations	T081	C0032659
27463515	1247	1255	examined	T033	C0332128
27463515	1256	1263	species	T185	C1705920
27463515	1269	1282	characterized	T052	C1880022
27463515	1293	1302	gene flow	T045	C1565556
27463515	1310	1321	populations	T081	C0032659
27463515	1345	1355	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
27463515	1386	1394	examined	T033	C0332128
27463515	1395	1399	area	T083	C0017446
27463515	1405	1415	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
27463515	1426	1451	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27463515	1452	1463	aggregation	T169	C0332621
27463515	1471	1477	region	T083	C0017446
27463515	1508	1525	mitochondrial DNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27463515	1533	1540	species	T185	C1705920
27463515	1565	1572	plumage	T023	C0015731
27463515	1586	1593	species	T185	C1705920
27463515	1605	1607	F1	T099	C0314650
27463515	1608	1615	hybrids	T001	C0020205
27463515	1635	1649	Haldane´s Rule	T170	C0870077
27463515	1668	1680	investigated	T169	C1292732
27463515	1684	1691	genomic	T028	C0017428
27463515	1692	1699	methods	T169	C0025664
27463515	1719	1728	gene flow	T045	C1565556
27463515	1748	1756	paternal	T080	C0337493
27463515	1770	1778	examined	T033	C0332128
27463515	1779	1787	Myc gene	T028	C0086661
27463515	1812	1822	divergence	T082	C0443204
27463515	1831	1840	M. milvus	T012	C0325557
27463515	1845	1861	M. migr. migrans	T012	C1016933
27463515	1867	1881	central Europe	T083	C0682369
27463515	1885	1895	population	T081	C0032659
27463515	1899	1908	M. milvus	T012	C0325557
27463515	1950	1959	gene flow	T045	C1565556
27463515	2012	2018	origin	T079	C0439659
27463515	2037	2046	M. milvus	T012	C0325557

27463942|t|Apixaban 5 mg Twice Daily and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Advanced Age, Low Body Weight, or High Creatinine: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
27463942|a|In the Apixaban for Reduction of Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Complications in Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial, the standard dose of apixaban was 5 mg twice daily; patients with at least 2 dose - reduction criteria-80 years or older, weight 60 kg or less, and creatinine level 1.5 mg/dL or higher-received a reduced dose of apixaban of 2.5 mg twice daily. Little is known about patients with 1 dose - reduction criterion who received the 5 mg twice daily dose of apixaban. To determine the frequency of 1 dose - reduction criterion and whether the effects of the 5 mg twice daily dose of apixaban on stroke or systemic embolism and bleeding varied among patients with 1 or no dose - reduction criteria. Among 18 201 patients in the ARISTOTLE trial, 17 322 were included in this analysis. Annualized event rates of stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were evaluated. Interactions between the effects of apixaban vs warfarin and the presence of 1 or no dose - reduction criteria were assessed. The first patient was enrolled in the ARISTOTLE trial on December 19, 2006, and follow-up was completed on January 30, 2011. Data were analyzed from January 2015 to May 30, 2016. Analysis of major bleeding included events during study drug treatment. Analysis of stroke or systemic embolism was based on intention to treat. Of the patients with 1 or no dose - reduction criteria assigned to receive the 5 mg twice daily dose of apixaban or warfarin, 3966 had 1 dose - reduction criterion; these patients had higher rates of stroke or systemic embolism (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.20-1.81) and major bleeding (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.62-2.20) compared with those with no dose - reduction criteria (n = 13 356). The benefit of the 5 mg twice daily dose of apixaban (n = 8665) compared with warfarin (n = 8657) on stroke or systemic embolism in patients with 1 dose - reduction criterion (HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.66-1.32) and no dose - reduction criterion (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.97) were similar (P for interaction = .36). Similarly, the benefit of 5 mg twice daily dose of apixaban compared with warfarin on major bleeding in patients with 1 dose - reduction criterion (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53-0.87) and no dose - reduction criterion (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60-0.86) were similar (P for interaction = .71). Similar patterns were seen for each dose - reduction criterion and across the spectrum of age, body weight, creatinine level, and creatinine clearance. Patients with atrial fibrillation and isolated advanced age, low body weight, or renal dysfunction have a higher risk of stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding but show consistent benefits with the 5 mg twice daily dose of apixaban vs warfarin compared with patients without these characteristics. The 5 mg twice daily dose of apixaban is safe, efficacious, and appropriate for patients with only 1 dose - reduction criterion. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00412984.
27463942	0	8	Apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	14	19	Twice	T081	C1948050
27463942	20	25	Daily	T079	C0332173
27463942	30	38	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27463942	39	47	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27463942	51	59	Patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	65	84	Atrial Fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27463942	89	97	Advanced	T080	C0205179
27463942	98	101	Age	T032	C0001779
27463942	103	106	Low	T080	C0205251
27463942	107	118	Body Weight	T032	C0005910
27463942	123	127	High	T080	C0205250
27463942	128	138	Creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27463942	142	160	Secondary Analysis	UnknownType	C0683944
27463942	166	191	Randomized Clinical Trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27463942	199	207	Apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	212	221	Reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	225	231	Stroke	T047	C0038454
27463942	242	270	Thromboembolic Complications	T046	C0040038
27463942	274	293	Atrial Fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27463942	295	304	ARISTOTLE	T062	C0008976
27463942	306	311	trial	T062	C0008976
27463942	326	330	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	334	342	apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	352	357	twice	T081	C1948050
27463942	358	363	daily	T079	C0332173
27463942	365	373	patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	390	394	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	397	406	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	419	424	years	T079	C0439234
27463942	435	441	weight	T032	C0005910
27463942	461	477	creatinine level	T033	C0428279
27463942	472	477	level	T080	C0441889
27463942	509	516	reduced	T080	C0392756
27463942	517	521	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	525	533	apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	544	549	twice	T081	C1948050
27463942	550	555	daily	T079	C0332173
27463942	579	587	patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	595	599	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	602	611	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	644	649	twice	T081	C1948050
27463942	650	655	daily	T079	C0332173
27463942	656	660	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	664	672	apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	691	700	frequency	T079	C0439603
27463942	706	710	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	713	722	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	749	759	effects of	T080	C1704420
27463942	769	774	twice	T081	C1948050
27463942	775	780	daily	T079	C0332173
27463942	781	785	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	789	797	apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	801	807	stroke	T047	C0038454
27463942	811	828	systemic embolism	UnknownType	C0149876
27463942	833	841	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27463942	855	863	patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	877	881	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	884	893	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	917	925	patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	933	948	ARISTOTLE trial	T062	C0008976
27463942	979	987	analysis	T062	C0936012
27463942	1015	1021	stroke	T047	C0038454
27463942	1025	1042	systemic embolism	UnknownType	C0149876
27463942	1053	1061	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27463942	1066	1079	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27463942	1081	1084	HRs	T081	C2985465
27463942	1094	1097	CIs	T081	C0009667
27463942	1103	1112	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27463942	1114	1126	Interactions	T169	C1704675
27463942	1139	1149	effects of	T080	C1704420
27463942	1150	1158	apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	1162	1170	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27463942	1199	1203	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	1206	1215	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	1230	1238	assessed	T052	C1516048
27463942	1250	1257	patient	T101	C0030705
27463942	1278	1293	ARISTOTLE trial	T062	C0008976
27463942	1320	1329	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27463942	1365	1369	Data	T078	C1511726
27463942	1419	1427	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27463942	1437	1445	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27463942	1469	1474	study	T062	C2603343
27463942	1475	1489	drug treatment	T061	C0013216
27463942	1491	1499	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27463942	1503	1509	stroke	T047	C0038454
27463942	1513	1530	systemic embolism	UnknownType	C0149876
27463942	1544	1553	intention	T080	C1283828
27463942	1557	1562	treat	T169	C1522326
27463942	1571	1579	patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	1593	1597	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	1600	1609	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	1648	1653	twice	T081	C1948050
27463942	1654	1659	daily	T079	C0332173
27463942	1660	1664	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	1668	1676	apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	1680	1688	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27463942	1701	1705	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	1708	1717	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	1735	1743	patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	1764	1770	stroke	T047	C0038454
27463942	1774	1791	systemic embolism	UnknownType	C0149876
27463942	1793	1795	HR	T081	C2985465
27463942	1807	1809	CI	T081	C0009667
27463942	1832	1840	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27463942	1842	1844	HR	T081	C2985465
27463942	1856	1858	CI	T081	C0009667
27463942	1899	1903	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	1906	1915	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	1943	1950	benefit	T081	C0814225
27463942	1963	1968	twice	T081	C1948050
27463942	1969	1974	daily	T079	C0332173
27463942	1975	1979	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	1983	1991	apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	2017	2025	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27463942	2040	2046	stroke	T047	C0038454
27463942	2050	2067	systemic embolism	UnknownType	C0149876
27463942	2071	2079	patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	2087	2091	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	2094	2103	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	2115	2117	HR	T081	C2985465
27463942	2129	2131	CI	T081	C0009667
27463942	2151	2155	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	2158	2167	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	2179	2181	HR	T081	C2985465
27463942	2193	2195	CI	T081	C0009667
27463942	2263	2270	benefit	T081	C0814225
27463942	2279	2284	twice	T081	C1948050
27463942	2285	2290	daily	T079	C0332173
27463942	2291	2295	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	2299	2307	apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	2322	2330	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27463942	2340	2348	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27463942	2352	2360	patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	2368	2372	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	2375	2384	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	2396	2398	HR	T081	C2985465
27463942	2410	2412	CI	T081	C0009667
27463942	2432	2436	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	2439	2448	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	2460	2462	HR	T081	C2985465
27463942	2474	2476	CI	T081	C0009667
27463942	2565	2569	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	2572	2581	reduction	T080	C0392756
27463942	2619	2622	age	T032	C0001779
27463942	2624	2635	body weight	T032	C0005910
27463942	2637	2653	creatinine level	T033	C0428279
27463942	2648	2653	level	T080	C0441889
27463942	2659	2669	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27463942	2670	2679	clearance	T201	C1382187
27463942	2681	2689	Patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	2695	2714	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27463942	2737	2740	age	T032	C0001779
27463942	2746	2757	body weight	T032	C0005910
27463942	2762	2779	renal dysfunction	T033	C3279454
27463942	2794	2798	risk	T078	C0035647
27463942	2802	2808	stroke	T047	C0038454
27463942	2812	2829	systemic embolism	UnknownType	C0149876
27463942	2840	2848	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27463942	2869	2877	benefits	T081	C0814225
27463942	2892	2897	twice	T081	C1948050
27463942	2898	2903	daily	T079	C0332173
27463942	2904	2908	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	2912	2920	apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	2924	2932	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27463942	2947	2955	patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	2996	3001	twice	T081	C1948050
27463942	3002	3007	daily	T079	C0332173
27463942	3008	3012	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	3016	3024	apixaban	T109,T121	C1831808
27463942	3067	3075	patients	T101	C0030705
27463942	3088	3092	dose	T081	C0178602
27463942	3095	3104	reduction	T080	C0392756

27464574|t|Objective Assessment of Vergence after Treatment of Concussion - Related CI: A Pilot Study
27464574|a|To evaluate changes in objective measures of disparity vergence after office-based vision therapy (OBVT) for concussion - related convergence insufficiency (CI) and determine the feasibility of using this objective assessment as an outcome measure in a clinical trial. This was a prospective, observational trial. All participants were treated with weekly OBVT with home reinforcement. Participants included two adolescents and three young adults with concussion - related, symptomatic CI. The primary outcome measure was average peak velocity for 4° symmetrical convergence steps. Other objective outcome measures of disparity vergence included time to peak velocity, latency, accuracy, settling time, and main sequence. We also evaluated saccadic eye movements using the same outcome measures. Changes in clinical measures (near point of convergence, positive fusional vergence at near, Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey [CISS] score) were evaluated. There were statistically significant and clinically meaningful changes in all clinical measures for convergence. Four of the five subjects met clinical success criteria. For the objective measures, we found a statistically significant increase in peak velocity, response accuracy to 4° symmetrical convergence and divergence step stimuli, and the main sequence ratio for convergence step stimuli. Objective saccadic eye movements (5 and 10°) appeared normal pre- OBVT and did not show any significant change after treatment. This is the first report of the use of objective measures of disparity vergence as outcome measures for concussion - related convergence insufficiency. These measures provide additional information that is not accessible with clinical tests about underlying physiological mechanisms leading to changes in clinical findings and symptoms. The study results also demonstrate that patients with concussion can tolerate the visual demands (over 200 vergence and versional eye movements) during the 25-minute testing time and suggest that these measures could be used in a large-scale randomized clinical trial of concussion - related CI as outcome measures.
27464574	0	9	Objective	T080	C1571702
27464574	10	20	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27464574	24	32	Vergence	T042	C0678898
27464574	39	48	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27464574	52	62	Concussion	T037	C0006107
27464574	65	72	Related	T080	C0439849
27464574	73	75	CI	T047	C0271379
27464574	79	90	Pilot Study	T062	C0031928
27464574	94	102	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27464574	103	110	changes	T081	C0443172
27464574	114	123	objective	T080	C1571702
27464574	124	132	measures	T081	C0079809
27464574	136	154	disparity vergence	T081	C0042791
27464574	161	188	office-based vision therapy	T061	C0150177
27464574	190	194	OBVT	T061	C0150177
27464574	200	210	concussion	T037	C0006107
27464574	213	220	related	T080	C0439849
27464574	221	246	convergence insufficiency	T047	C0271379
27464574	248	250	CI	T047	C0271379
27464574	270	281	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27464574	296	305	objective	T080	C1571702
27464574	306	316	assessment	T058	C0220825
27464574	323	338	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
27464574	344	358	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27464574	371	382	prospective	T080	C0205556
27464574	384	403	observational trial	T062	C1518527
27464574	409	421	participants	T098	C0679646
27464574	427	439	treated with	T061	C0332293
27464574	440	446	weekly	T079	C0332174
27464574	447	451	OBVT	T061	C0150177
27464574	457	461	home	T082	C0442519
27464574	462	475	reinforcement	T061	C1283081
27464574	477	489	Participants	T098	C0679646
27464574	490	498	included	T169	C0332257
27464574	503	514	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27464574	525	537	young adults	T100	C0238598
27464574	543	553	concussion	T037	C0006107
27464574	556	563	related	T080	C0439849
27464574	565	576	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27464574	577	579	CI	T047	C0271379
27464574	585	608	primary outcome measure	T080	C3274433
27464574	613	620	average	T081	C1510992
27464574	621	634	peak velocity	T033	C0243095
27464574	642	653	symmetrical	T033	C0332516
27464574	654	665	convergence	T042	C0870533
27464574	679	688	objective	T080	C1571702
27464574	689	705	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27464574	709	727	disparity vergence	T081	C0042791
27464574	728	736	included	T169	C0332257
27464574	737	741	time	T079	C0040223
27464574	745	758	peak velocity	T033	C0243095
27464574	760	767	latency	T079	C0242465
27464574	769	777	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27464574	779	792	settling time	T079	C0040223
27464574	803	811	sequence	T169	C1519249
27464574	821	830	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27464574	831	853	saccadic eye movements	T042	C0036019
27464574	869	885	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27464574	887	894	Changes	T081	C0443172
27464574	898	915	clinical measures	T033	C3266594
27464574	917	942	near point of convergence	T047	C0423037
27464574	944	952	positive	T033	C1514241
27464574	953	978	fusional vergence at near	T042	C1302986
27464574	980	1020	Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey	T170	C0282574
27464574	1022	1026	CISS	T170	C0282574
27464574	1028	1033	score	T081	C0449820
27464574	1040	1049	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27464574	1062	1087	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27464574	1092	1102	clinically	T080	C0205210
27464574	1103	1113	meaningful	T080	C0205556
27464574	1114	1121	changes	T081	C0443172
27464574	1129	1146	clinical measures	T033	C3266594
27464574	1151	1162	convergence	T042	C0870533
27464574	1181	1189	subjects	T098	C2349001
27464574	1194	1202	clinical	T080	C0205210
27464574	1203	1210	success	T080	C0679864
27464574	1211	1219	criteria	T078	C0243161
27464574	1229	1238	objective	T080	C1571702
27464574	1239	1247	measures	T081	C0079809
27464574	1260	1285	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27464574	1286	1294	increase	T081	C0205217
27464574	1298	1311	peak velocity	T033	C0243095
27464574	1313	1321	response	T032	C0871261
27464574	1322	1330	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27464574	1337	1348	symmetrical	T033	C0332516
27464574	1349	1360	convergence	T042	C0870533
27464574	1365	1375	divergence	T082	C0443204
27464574	1381	1388	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27464574	1403	1417	sequence ratio	T081	C1709842
27464574	1422	1433	convergence	T042	C0870533
27464574	1439	1446	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27464574	1448	1457	Objective	T080	C1571702
27464574	1458	1480	saccadic eye movements	T042	C0036019
27464574	1502	1508	normal	T080	C0205307
27464574	1514	1518	OBVT	T061	C0150177
27464574	1540	1551	significant	T078	C0750502
27464574	1552	1558	change	T081	C0443172
27464574	1565	1574	treatment	T061	C0087111
27464574	1594	1600	report	T170	C0684224
27464574	1615	1624	objective	T080	C1571702
27464574	1625	1633	measures	T081	C0079809
27464574	1637	1655	disparity vergence	T081	C0042791
27464574	1659	1675	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27464574	1680	1690	concussion	T037	C0006107
27464574	1693	1700	related	T080	C0439849
27464574	1701	1726	convergence insufficiency	T047	C0271379
27464574	1734	1742	measures	T081	C0079809
27464574	1751	1761	additional	T169	C1524062
27464574	1762	1773	information	T078	C1533716
27464574	1786	1796	accessible	T082	C0444454
27464574	1802	1816	clinical tests	T059	C0022885
27464574	1834	1847	physiological	T169	C0205463
27464574	1848	1858	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27464574	1870	1877	changes	T081	C0443172
27464574	1881	1898	clinical findings	T184	C0037088
27464574	1903	1911	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27464574	1917	1922	study	T062	C2603343
27464574	1923	1930	results	T034	C0456984
27464574	1953	1961	patients	T101	C0030705
27464574	1967	1977	concussion	T037	C0006107
27464574	1995	2001	visual	T169	C0234621
27464574	2002	2009	demands	T061	C0441516
27464574	2020	2028	vergence	T042	C0678898
27464574	2033	2042	versional	T080	C0205556
27464574	2043	2056	eye movements	T039	C0015413
27464574	2079	2091	testing time	T079	C0429928
27464574	2096	2103	suggest	T078	C1705535
27464574	2115	2123	measures	T081	C0079809
27464574	2143	2154	large-scale	UnknownType	C0814860
27464574	2155	2180	randomized clinical trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27464574	2184	2194	concussion	T037	C0006107
27464574	2197	2204	related	T080	C0439849
27464574	2205	2207	CI	T047	C0271379
27464574	2211	2227	outcome measures	T081	C0086749

27464853|t|Extracellular Potassium and Seizures: Excitation, Inhibition and the Role of Ih
27464853|a|Seizure activity leads to increases in extracellular potassium concentration ([K [Formula: see text]]o), which can result in changes in neuronal passive and active membrane properties as well as in population activities. In this study, we examined how extracellular potassium modulates seizure activities using an acute 4-AP induced seizure model in the neocortex, both in vivo and in vitro. Moderately elevated [K [Formula: see text]]o up to 9[Formula: see text]mM prolonged seizure durations and shortened interictal intervals as well as depolarized the neuronal resting membrane potential (RMP). However, when [K [Formula: see text]]o reached higher than 9[Formula: see text]mM, seizure like events (SLEs) were blocked and neurons went into a depolarization - blocked state. Spreading depression was never observed as the blockade of ictal events could be reversed within 1-2[Formula: see text]min after the raised [K [Formula: see text]]o was changed back to control levels. This concentration -dependent dual effect of [K [Formula: see text]]o was observed using in vivo and in vitro mouse brain preparations as well as in human neocortical tissue resected during epilepsy surgery. Blocking the Ih current, mediated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, modulated the elevated [K [Formula: see text]]o influence on SLEs by promoting the high [K [Formula: see text]]o inhibitory actions. These results demonstrate biphasic actions of raised [K [Formula: see text]]o on neuronal excitability and seizure activity.
27464853	0	13	Extracellular	T026	C0521119
27464853	14	23	Potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
27464853	28	36	Seizures	T184	C0036572
27464853	38	48	Excitation	T052	C0549255
27464853	50	60	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27464853	77	79	Ih	T116	C1956068
27464853	80	96	Seizure activity	T184	C0036572
27464853	119	132	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27464853	133	142	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
27464853	143	156	concentration	T081	C1264643
27464853	159	160	K	T121,T196	C0597277
27464853	216	224	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27464853	225	232	passive	T080	C3686820
27464853	237	243	active	T169	C0205177
27464853	244	252	membrane	T026	C3161472
27464853	278	288	population	T098	C1257890
27464853	289	299	activities	T052	C0441655
27464853	309	314	study	T062	C2603343
27464853	332	345	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27464853	346	355	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
27464853	366	384	seizure activities	T184	C0036572
27464853	400	404	4-AP	T109,T121	C0000477
27464853	413	420	seizure	T184	C0036572
27464853	421	426	model	T170	C3161035
27464853	434	443	neocortex	T023	C0175173
27464853	450	457	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27464853	462	470	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27464853	493	494	K	T121,T196	C0597277
27464853	546	555	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27464853	556	563	seizure	T184	C0036572
27464853	564	573	durations	T079	C0449238
27464853	578	608	shortened interictal intervals	T079	C1254367
27464853	620	631	depolarized	T046	C1395184
27464853	636	644	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27464853	645	671	resting membrane potential	T043	C0025251
27464853	673	676	RMP	T043	C0025251
27464853	694	695	K	T121,T196	C0597277
27464853	762	781	seizure like events	T184	C0036572
27464853	783	787	SLEs	T184	C0036572
27464853	794	801	blocked	T169	C0332206
27464853	806	813	neurons	T025	C0027882
27464853	826	840	depolarization	T046	C1395184
27464853	843	850	blocked	T169	C0332206
27464853	858	867	Spreading	T080	C0332261
27464853	868	878	depression	T048	C0011570
27464853	917	929	ictal events	T184	C0036572
27464853	999	1000	K	T121,T196	C0597277
27464853	1064	1077	concentration	T081	C1264643
27464853	1105	1106	K	T121,T196	C0597277
27464853	1148	1155	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27464853	1160	1168	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27464853	1169	1193	mouse brain preparations	T024	C1521713
27464853	1208	1213	human	T016	C0086418
27464853	1214	1225	neocortical	T023	C0175173
27464853	1226	1232	tissue	T024	C0040300
27464853	1249	1257	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27464853	1258	1265	surgery	T061	C0543467
27464853	1267	1275	Blocking	T169	C0332206
27464853	1304	1370	hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels	T116	C1956068
27464853	1396	1397	K	T121,T196	C0597277
27464853	1420	1429	influence	T077	C4054723
27464853	1433	1437	SLEs	T184	C0036572
27464853	1461	1462	K	T121,T196	C0597277
27464853	1485	1503	inhibitory actions	T052	C3463820
27464853	1559	1560	K	T121,T196	C0597277
27464853	1586	1594	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27464853	1595	1607	excitability	T184	C0235169
27464853	1612	1628	seizure activity	T184	C0036572

27464911|t|Trends in traffic fatalities in Mexico: examining progress on the decade of action for road safety 2011-2020
27464911|a|We explore demographic, temporal and geographic patterns of 256,588 road traffic fatalities from 1998 to 2013 in Mexico, in context of UN´s decade of action for road safety 2010-2020 (DARS). Combined traffic mortality data and population counts were analyzed using mixed-effects logistic regression, distinguishing sex-age groups, vulnerable and protected road users, and municipal size. Rapid growth from 1998 to 2008 in traffic mortality rates has been reversed since 2009. Most deaths averted are among young male protected road users (reduction of 0.95 fatalities per 100,000 per year in males 12-49). In spite of a steady decrease over the full study period, mortality rates remain high in vulnerable road users over 50, with a high mortality rate of 26 per 100,000 males over 75 years in 2013. Progress on the reduction of deaths advances in Mexico, in line with DARS targets. National road safety efforts require strengthening. Initiatives should target vulnerable road users, specifically adults >50 years in urban areas. Strengthening of drink driving programs aimed at young drivers / occupants is promising.
27464911	0	6	Trends	T079	C0040833
27464911	10	17	traffic	T033	C3840880
27464911	18	28	fatalities	T081	C0681680
27464911	32	38	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27464911	40	49	examining	T033	C0332128
27464911	50	58	progress	T169	C1280477
27464911	66	72	decade	T081	C2981279
27464911	76	82	action	T052	C3266814
27464911	87	91	road	T073	C0442650
27464911	92	98	safety	T068	C0036043
27464911	120	131	demographic	T078	C0011292
27464911	133	141	temporal	T079	C4021204
27464911	146	165	geographic patterns	T033	C4231578
27464911	177	181	road	T073	C0442650
27464911	182	189	traffic	T033	C3840880
27464911	190	200	fatalities	T081	C0681680
27464911	222	228	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27464911	244	248	UN´s	T092	C0041701
27464911	249	255	decade	T081	C2981279
27464911	259	265	action	T052	C3266814
27464911	270	274	road	T073	C0442650
27464911	275	281	safety	T068	C0036043
27464911	300	308	Combined	T080	C0205195
27464911	309	316	traffic	T033	C3840880
27464911	317	326	mortality	T081	C0681680
27464911	327	331	data	T078	C1511726
27464911	336	346	population	T081	C0032659
27464911	347	353	counts	T081	C0439157
27464911	359	367	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27464911	374	387	mixed-effects	T080	C0205556
27464911	388	407	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27464911	424	438	sex-age groups	T078	C0441833
27464911	440	450	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
27464911	455	464	protected	T033	C1545588
27464911	465	469	road	T073	C0442650
27464911	470	475	users	T098	C1706077
27464911	481	490	municipal	T083	C0600182
27464911	491	495	size	T082	C0456389
27464911	497	509	Rapid growth	T033	C4062785
27464911	531	538	traffic	T033	C3840880
27464911	539	554	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
27464911	564	572	reversed	T169	C1555029
27464911	590	596	deaths	T033	C1306577
27464911	597	604	averted	T033	C0243095
27464911	615	620	young	T079	C0332239
27464911	621	625	male	T032	C0086582
27464911	626	635	protected	T033	C1545588
27464911	636	640	road	T073	C0442650
27464911	641	646	users	T098	C1706077
27464911	648	657	reduction	T080	C0392756
27464911	666	676	fatalities	T081	C0681680
27464911	701	706	males	T032	C0086582
27464911	729	744	steady decrease	T033	C0243095
27464911	759	771	study period	T079	C1254367
27464911	773	788	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
27464911	796	800	high	T080	C0205250
27464911	804	814	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
27464911	815	819	road	T073	C0442650
27464911	820	825	users	T098	C1706077
27464911	842	846	high	T080	C0205250
27464911	847	861	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27464911	880	885	males	T032	C0086582
27464911	909	917	Progress	T169	C1280477
27464911	925	934	reduction	T080	C0392756
27464911	938	944	deaths	T033	C1306577
27464911	945	953	advances	T079	C3854260
27464911	957	963	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27464911	978	982	DARS	T068	C0036043
27464911	983	990	targets	T169	C1521840
27464911	992	1000	National	T092	C0015737
27464911	1001	1005	road	T073	C0442650
27464911	1006	1012	safety	T068	C0036043
27464911	1021	1028	require	T169	C1514873
27464911	1029	1042	strengthening	T078	C0808080
27464911	1044	1055	Initiatives	T041	C0424093
27464911	1063	1069	target	T169	C1521840
27464911	1070	1080	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
27464911	1081	1085	road	T073	C0442650
27464911	1086	1091	users	T098	C1706077
27464911	1106	1112	adults	T100	C0001675
27464911	1126	1137	urban areas	T082	C0178876
27464911	1139	1152	Strengthening	T078	C0808080
27464911	1156	1169	drink driving	T048	C0556374
27464911	1170	1178	programs	T169	C3484370
27464911	1188	1193	young	T079	C0332239
27464911	1194	1201	drivers	T098	C0684312
27464911	1204	1213	occupants	T098	C0450049

27465008|t|Diagnostic Yield of Routine Stress Testing in Low and Intermediate Risk Chest Pain Patients Under 40 Years: A Systematic Review
27465008|a|Chest pain is one of the most frequent causes for presentation to emergency departments (EDs). The majority of patients will undergo diagnostic workup including stress testing to rule out an acute coronary syndrome, but very few patients will be diagnosed with a cardiac cause for their pain. Patients under 40 years represent a lower risk group in which routine stress testing may be of little benefit. This systematic review sought to determine the diagnostic yield of routine stress testing in low - and intermediate-risk chest pain patients under 40 years. Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. The quality of the included primary studies was assessed using the National Health and Medical Research Council evidence hierarchy and the McMaster Critical Appraisal Tool for Quantitative Studies. Descriptive statistics summarized the findings. Five primary studies were included in the review (all level III-3 evidence); 7 additional sources of relevant data were also included. Diagnostic yield of routine stress testing in low - and intermediate-risk patients under 40 years is reported between 0% and 1.1%. Combined data from included primary studies demonstrated just 4 out of 1683 true positive stress tests (0.24%), only one of which was definitively confirmed by coronary angiogram; additional data sources identified just 1 out of 310 true positive stress tests (0.32%). Diagnostic yield of routine stress testing in low - and intermediate-risk chest pain patients under 40 years is low. However, better quality studies are required to be able to draw definitive conclusions.
27465008	0	16	Diagnostic Yield	T034	C1254595
27465008	20	27	Routine	T080	C0205547
27465008	28	42	Stress Testing	T060	C3494508
27465008	46	49	Low	T080	C0205251
27465008	54	71	Intermediate Risk	T033	C3640764
27465008	72	82	Chest Pain	T184	C0008031
27465008	83	91	Patients	T101	C0030705
27465008	110	127	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
27465008	128	138	Chest pain	T184	C0008031
27465008	167	173	causes	T169	C0015127
27465008	194	215	emergency departments	T073,T093	C0562508
27465008	217	220	EDs	T073,T093	C0562508
27465008	239	247	patients	T101	C0030705
27465008	261	278	diagnostic workup	T060	C0430022
27465008	289	303	stress testing	T060	C3494508
27465008	319	342	acute coronary syndrome	T047	C0948089
27465008	357	365	patients	T101	C0030705
27465008	374	383	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27465008	391	404	cardiac cause	T033	C3260945
27465008	415	419	pain	T184	C0030193
27465008	421	429	Patients	T101	C0030705
27465008	457	473	lower risk group	T098	C1257890
27465008	483	490	routine	T080	C0205547
27465008	491	505	stress testing	T060	C3494508
27465008	537	554	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27465008	579	595	diagnostic yield	T034	C1254595
27465008	599	606	routine	T080	C0205547
27465008	607	621	stress testing	T060	C3494508
27465008	625	628	low	T080	C0205251
27465008	635	652	intermediate-risk	T033	C3640764
27465008	653	663	chest pain	T184	C0008031
27465008	664	672	patients	T101	C0030705
27465008	689	709	Electronic databases	T170	C3841595
27465008	728	736	relevant	T080	C2347946
27465008	737	744	studies	T062	C0242481
27465008	774	789	primary studies	T062	C0242481
27465008	794	802	assessed	T052	C1516048
27465008	813	857	National Health and Medical Research Council	T093	C1708333
27465008	885	917	McMaster Critical Appraisal Tool	T170	C0282574
27465008	922	942	Quantitative Studies	T081	C0034384
27465008	944	966	Descriptive statistics	T170	C0282574
27465008	982	990	findings	T169	C2607943
27465008	997	1012	primary studies	T062	C0242481
27465008	1034	1040	review	T170	C0282443
27465008	1093	1101	relevant	T080	C2347946
27465008	1102	1106	data	T078	C1511726
27465008	1127	1143	Diagnostic yield	T034	C1254595
27465008	1147	1154	routine	T080	C0205547
27465008	1155	1169	stress testing	T060	C3494508
27465008	1173	1176	low	T080	C0205251
27465008	1183	1200	intermediate-risk	T033	C3640764
27465008	1201	1209	patients	T101	C0030705
27465008	1258	1266	Combined	T080	C0205195
27465008	1267	1271	data	T078	C1511726
27465008	1286	1301	primary studies	T062	C0242481
27465008	1334	1347	true positive	T080	C0205559
27465008	1348	1360	stress tests	T060	C3494508
27465008	1418	1436	coronary angiogram	T060	C0085532
27465008	1438	1448	additional	T169	C1524062
27465008	1449	1453	data	T078	C1511726
27465008	1491	1504	true positive	T080	C0205559
27465008	1505	1517	stress tests	T060	C3494508
27465008	1527	1543	Diagnostic yield	T034	C1254595
27465008	1547	1554	routine	T080	C0205547
27465008	1555	1569	stress testing	T060	C3494508
27465008	1573	1576	low	T080	C0205251
27465008	1583	1600	intermediate-risk	T033	C3640764
27465008	1601	1611	chest pain	T184	C0008031
27465008	1612	1620	patients	T101	C0030705
27465008	1660	1675	quality studies	T080	C0034375
27465008	1719	1730	conclusions	T078	C1707478

27465464|t|Transition From Hospital to Home in Preterm Infants and Their Families
27465464|a|When the day of discharge from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) comes for the parents of newborn infants, they are filled with long-awaited joy and happiness. They go home feeling as parents, away from scheduled routines of the hospital, monitor alarms, clinical rounds, numerous tests, and so on. What do we know about what happens after these little patients and their families leave the NICU? What happens from the point of leaving the hospital until when things get settled and life becomes perceived as normal? This article presents a short summary of research conducted with the vulnerable population of high-risk and preterm infants and their families postdischarge. Available evidence suggests that transition to home after hospital discharge, a phenomenon that many families experience, is challenging and requires attention from clinicians and researchers if we are to provide effective, efficient, and high-quality care.
27465464	0	10	Transition	T052	C2700061
27465464	16	24	Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27465464	28	32	Home	T082	C0442519
27465464	36	51	Preterm Infants	T100	C4048294
27465464	62	70	Families	T099	C0015576
27465464	80	83	day	T079	C0439228
27465464	87	96	discharge	T058	C0030685
27465464	104	132	neonatal intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021709
27465464	134	138	NICU	T073,T093	C0021709
27465464	154	161	parents	T099	C0030551
27465464	165	180	newborn infants	T100	C0021289
27465464	216	219	joy	T041	C0018592
27465464	224	233	happiness	T041	C0018592
27465464	243	247	home	T082	C0442519
27465464	248	255	feeling	T041	C1527305
27465464	259	266	parents	T099	C0030551
27465464	278	296	scheduled routines	T080	C0205547
27465464	304	312	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27465464	314	328	monitor alarms	T033	C2091666
27465464	330	345	clinical rounds	T033	C1456356
27465464	347	355	numerous	T081	C0439064
27465464	356	361	tests	T059	C0022885
27465464	401	408	happens	T052	C1709305
27465464	421	436	little patients	T101	C0030705
27465464	447	455	families	T099	C0015576
27465464	456	461	leave	T052	C1706081
27465464	466	470	NICU	T073,T093	C0021709
27465464	477	484	happens	T052	C1709305
27465464	503	510	leaving	T052	C1706081
27465464	515	523	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27465464	558	562	life	T078	C0376558
27465464	571	580	perceived	T041	C0030971
27465464	584	590	normal	T080	C0205307
27465464	597	604	article	T170	C0282420
27465464	622	629	summary	T170	C1706244
27465464	633	641	research	T062	C0035168
27465464	661	682	vulnerable population	T098	C0949366
27465464	686	695	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27465464	700	715	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
27465464	726	734	families	T099	C0015576
27465464	735	748	postdischarge	T058	C0586003
27465464	760	768	evidence	T078	C3887511
27465464	783	793	transition	T052	C2700061
27465464	797	801	home	T082	C0442519
27465464	808	826	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
27465464	830	840	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27465464	851	859	families	T099	C0015576
27465464	860	870	experience	T041	C0596545
27465464	875	886	challenging	T080	C0205556
27465464	900	909	attention	T058	C1283164
27465464	915	925	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27465464	930	941	researchers	T097	C0687734
27465464	963	972	effective	T080	C1704419
27465464	974	983	efficient	T080	C0442799
27465464	989	1006	high-quality care	T058	C0034379

27465497|t|Pivotal debates and controversies on the structure and function of the avian respiratory system: setting the record straight
27465497|a|Among the extant air-breathing vertebrates, the avian respiratory system is structurally the most complex and functionally the most efficient gas exchanger. Having been investigated for over four centuries, some aspects of its biology have been extremely challenging and highly contentious and others still remain unresolved. Here, while assessing the most recent findings, four notable aspects of the structure and function of the avian respiratory system are examined critically to highlight the questions, speculations, controversies and debates that have arisen from past research. The innovative techniques and experiments that were performed to answer particular research questions are emphasised. The features that are outlined here concern the arrangement of the airways, the path followed by the inspired air, structural features of the lung and the air and blood capillaries, and the level of cellular defence in the avian respiratory system. Hitherto, based on association with the proven efficiency of naturally evolved and human-made counter-current exchange systems rather than on definite experimental evidence, a counter-current gas exchange system was suggested to exist in the avian respiratory system and was used to explain its exceptional efficiency. However, by means of an elegant experiment in which the direction of the air - flow in the lung was reversed, a cross-current system was shown to be in operation instead. Studies of the arrangement of the airways and the blood vessels corroborated the existence of a cross-current system in the avian lung. While the avian respiratory system is ventilated tidally, like most other invaginated gas exchangers, the lung, specifically the paleopulmonic parabronchi, is ventilated unidirectionally and continuously in a caudocranial (back-to-front) direction by synchronized actions of the air sacs. The path followed by the inspired air in the lung - air sac system is now known to be controlled by a mechanism of aerodynamic valving and not by anatomical valves or sphincters, as was previously supposed. The structural strength of the air and blood capillaries is derived from: the interdependence between the air and blood capillaries; a tethering effect between the closely entwined respiratory units; the presence of epithelial - epithelial cell connections (retinacula or cross-bridges) that join the blood capillaries while separating the air capillaries; the abundance and intricate arrangement of the connective tissue elements, i.e. collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle fibres; the presence of type-IV collagen, especially in the basement membranes of the blood-gas barrier and the epithelial - epithelial cell connections; and a putative tensegrity state in the lung. Notwithstanding the paucity of free surface pulmonary macrophages, the respiratory surface of the avian lung is well protected from pathogens and particulates by an assortment of highly efficient phagocytic cells. In commercial poultry production, instead of weak pulmonary cellular defence, stressful husbandry practices such as overcrowding, force-feeding, and intense genetic manipulation for rapid weight gain and egg production may account for the reported susceptibility of birds to aerosol - transmitted diseases.
27465497	8	15	debates	T052	C0870392
27465497	20	33	controversies	T054	C0680243
27465497	41	50	structure	T017	C0700276
27465497	55	63	function	T040	C0678864
27465497	71	76	avian	T012	C0005595
27465497	77	95	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
27465497	109	115	record	T170	C0034869
27465497	142	167	air-breathing vertebrates	T010	C0042567
27465497	173	178	avian	T012	C0005595
27465497	179	197	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
27465497	201	213	structurally	T017	C0700276
27465497	223	230	complex	T080	C0439855
27465497	235	247	functionally	T169	C0542341
27465497	257	266	efficient	T080	C0442799
27465497	267	280	gas exchanger	T044	C1621574
27465497	337	344	aspects	T080	C1879746
27465497	489	497	findings	T033	C0243095
27465497	512	519	aspects	T080	C1879746
27465497	527	536	structure	T017	C0700276
27465497	541	549	function	T040	C0678864
27465497	557	562	avian	T012	C0005595
27465497	563	581	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
27465497	623	632	questions	T078	C0681799
27465497	634	646	speculations	T078	C1512571
27465497	648	661	controversies	T054	C0680243
27465497	666	673	debates	T052	C0870392
27465497	701	709	research	T062	C0035168
27465497	715	736	innovative techniques	T169	C0449851
27465497	741	752	experiments	T062	C0681814
27465497	794	812	research questions	T078	C0681799
27465497	833	841	features	T080	C1521970
27465497	896	903	airways	T023	C0458827
27465497	909	913	path	T082	C1254362
27465497	930	942	inspired air	T167	C1441399
27465497	944	954	structural	T017	C0700276
27465497	955	963	features	T080	C1521970
27465497	971	975	lung	T023	C0024109
27465497	984	987	air	T023	C0507816
27465497	992	1009	blood capillaries	T023	C0006901
27465497	1028	1044	cellular defence	T043	C1155076
27465497	1052	1057	avian	T012	C0005595
27465497	1058	1076	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
27465497	1125	1135	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27465497	1139	1156	naturally evolved	T169	C0205296
27465497	1161	1171	human-made	T080	C0522502
27465497	1172	1204	counter-current exchange systems	T038	C1160636
27465497	1229	1250	experimental evidence	T078	C3887511
27465497	1254	1289	counter-current gas exchange system	T038	C1160636
27465497	1320	1325	avian	T012	C0005595
27465497	1326	1344	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
27465497	1385	1395	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27465497	1429	1439	experiment	T062	C0681814
27465497	1453	1462	direction	T082	C0449738
27465497	1470	1473	air	T167	C0001861
27465497	1476	1480	flow	T070	C0806140
27465497	1488	1492	lung	T023	C0024109
27465497	1497	1505	reversed	T169	C1555029
27465497	1509	1529	cross-current system	T038	C1160636
27465497	1568	1575	Studies	T062	C2603343
27465497	1602	1609	airways	T023	C0458827
27465497	1618	1631	blood vessels	T023	C0005847
27465497	1664	1684	cross-current system	T038	C1160636
27465497	1692	1697	avian	T012	C0005595
27465497	1698	1702	lung	T023	C0024109
27465497	1714	1719	avian	T012	C0005595
27465497	1720	1738	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
27465497	1742	1752	ventilated	T169	C0231923
27465497	1778	1789	invaginated	T190	C0221224
27465497	1790	1804	gas exchangers	T044	C1621574
27465497	1810	1814	lung	T023	C0024109
27465497	1833	1858	paleopulmonic parabronchi	T023	C0225598
27465497	1863	1873	ventilated	T169	C0231923
27465497	1874	1890	unidirectionally	T082	C0449738
27465497	1913	1925	caudocranial	T023	C0037303
27465497	1927	1940	back-to-front	T082	C0449738
27465497	1942	1951	direction	T082	C0449738
27465497	1955	1967	synchronized	T079	C0439580
27465497	1968	1975	actions	T052	C3266814
27465497	1983	1991	air sacs	T023	C3826755
27465497	1997	2001	path	T082	C1254362
27465497	2018	2030	inspired air	T167	C1441399
27465497	2038	2042	lung	T023	C0024109
27465497	2045	2052	air sac	T023	C3826755
27465497	2053	2059	system	T022	C0460002
27465497	2079	2089	controlled	T169	C2587213
27465497	2095	2104	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27465497	2108	2127	aerodynamic valving	T067	C1254366
27465497	2139	2156	anatomical valves	T023	C1186983
27465497	2160	2170	sphincters	T023	C1409894
27465497	2204	2214	structural	T017	C0700276
27465497	2215	2223	strength	T078	C0808080
27465497	2231	2234	air	T023	C0507816
27465497	2239	2256	blood capillaries	T023	C0006901
27465497	2278	2293	interdependence	T169	C0205245
27465497	2306	2309	air	T023	C0507816
27465497	2314	2331	blood capillaries	T023	C0006901
27465497	2381	2398	respiratory units	T022	C0035237
27465497	2416	2426	epithelial	T025	C0014597
27465497	2429	2444	epithelial cell	T025	C0014597
27465497	2445	2456	connections	T082	C0449379
27465497	2458	2468	retinacula	T024	C0222330
27465497	2501	2518	blood capillaries	T023	C0006901
27465497	2540	2555	air capillaries	T023	C0507816
27465497	2561	2570	abundance	T080	C2346714
27465497	2575	2596	intricate arrangement	T082	C0449830
27465497	2604	2621	connective tissue	T024	C0009780
27465497	2637	2645	collagen	T116	C0009325
27465497	2647	2654	elastin	T116	C0013765
27465497	2660	2680	smooth muscle fibres	T025	C1135918
27465497	2698	2714	type-IV collagen	T116,T123	C0009333
27465497	2734	2752	basement membranes	T024	C0004799
27465497	2760	2777	blood-gas barrier	T030	C0005853
27465497	2786	2796	epithelial	T025	C0014597
27465497	2799	2814	epithelial cell	T025	C0014597
27465497	2815	2826	connections	T082	C0449379
27465497	2843	2859	tensegrity state	T080	C0205556
27465497	2867	2871	lung	T023	C0024109
27465497	2904	2916	free surface	T082	C0205148
27465497	2917	2938	pulmonary macrophages	T025	C0085236
27465497	2944	2955	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27465497	2956	2963	surface	T082	C0205148
27465497	2971	2976	avian	T012	C0005595
27465497	2977	2981	lung	T023	C0024109
27465497	3005	3014	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27465497	3019	3031	particulates	T167	C0457784
27465497	3059	3068	efficient	T080	C0442799
27465497	3069	3085	phagocytic cells	T025	C0031307
27465497	3101	3108	poultry	T012	C0032850
27465497	3109	3119	production	T057	C0033268
27465497	3132	3136	weak	T080	C1762617
27465497	3137	3146	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27465497	3147	3163	cellular defence	T043	C1155076
27465497	3165	3174	stressful	T169	C0231297
27465497	3175	3184	husbandry	T090	C0003052
27465497	3203	3215	overcrowding	T033	C0243095
27465497	3217	3230	force-feeding	T033	C2230049
27465497	3236	3243	intense	T080	C0522510
27465497	3244	3264	genetic manipulation	T063	C0178659
27465497	3275	3286	weight gain	T033	C0043094
27465497	3291	3305	egg production	T040	C0029957
27465497	3335	3349	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27465497	3353	3358	birds	T012	C0005595
27465497	3362	3369	aerosol	T073	C0001712
27465497	3372	3383	transmitted	T169	C0332289
27465497	3384	3392	diseases	T047	C0012634

27465797|t|Activation of general control nonderepressible 2 kinase protects human glomerular endothelial cells from harmful high-glucose - induced molecular pathways
27465797|a|Considering the referred beneficial effects of protein restriction on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and the role of renal endothelium in its pathogenesis, we evaluated the effect of general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase activation, a sensor of amino acid deprivation, on known detrimental molecular pathways in primary human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnC). GEnC were cultured under normal or high -glucose conditions in the presence or not of the GCN2 kinase activator, tryptophanol. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression was assessed by western blotting and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using a fluorogenic probe. Activities of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and protein kinase C (PKC) were assessed by commercial activity assays, sorbitol colorimetrically, methylglyoxal by ELISA and O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-modified proteins by western blotting. High glucose induced GLUT1 expression, increased ROS and inhibited GAPDH. Also it increased the polyol pathway product sorbitol, PKC activity, the level of the O-GlcNAc-modified proteins that produced by the hexosamine pathway and the advanced glycation endproducts' precursor methylglyoxal. Co-treatment of GEnC with tryptophanol restored the above high-glucose - induced alterations. Activation of GCN2 kinase protects GEnC from high-glucose - induced harmful molecular pathways. By inhibiting concurrently many pathways involved in DN pathogenesis, GCN2 kinase may serve as a pharmaceutical target for the treatment of DN.
27465797	0	10	Activation	T044	C0014429
27465797	14	55	general control nonderepressible 2 kinase	T116,T126	C2354171
27465797	56	64	protects	T033	C1545588
27465797	65	70	human	T016	C0086418
27465797	71	99	glomerular endothelial cells	T025	C1182791
27465797	113	125	high-glucose	T033	C0860803
27465797	128	135	induced	T169	C0205263
27465797	136	154	molecular pathways	T044	C1704259
27465797	202	209	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27465797	210	221	restriction	T169	C0443288
27465797	225	245	diabetic nephropathy	T047	C0011881
27465797	247	249	DN	T047	C0011881
27465797	267	272	renal	T023	C0022646
27465797	273	284	endothelium	T024	C0014257
27465797	292	304	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27465797	309	318	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27465797	333	381	general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) kinase	T116,T126	C2354171
27465797	382	392	activation	T044	C0014429
27465797	396	402	sensor	T075	C0600364
27465797	406	416	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27465797	417	428	deprivation	T080	C0871712
27465797	451	469	molecular pathways	T044	C1704259
27465797	481	486	human	T016	C0086418
27465797	487	515	glomerular endothelial cells	T025	C1182791
27465797	517	521	GEnC	T025	C1182791
27465797	524	528	GEnC	T025	C1182791
27465797	534	542	cultured	T059	C0430400
27465797	559	563	high	T080	C0205250
27465797	559	583	high -glucose conditions	T047	C0020456
27465797	614	625	GCN2 kinase	T116,T126	C2354171
27465797	626	635	activator	T044	C2247123
27465797	637	649	tryptophanol	T116	C0526839
27465797	651	672	Glucose transporter 1	T116,T123	C0168458
27465797	674	679	GLUT1	T116,T123	C0168458
27465797	681	691	expression	T045	C1171362
27465797	696	704	assessed	T052	C1516048
27465797	708	724	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27465797	729	752	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27465797	754	757	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27465797	767	784	fluorogenic probe	T130	C0016321
27465797	786	796	Activities	T044	C0243102
27465797	800	840	glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C3536868
27465797	842	847	GAPDH	T116,T126	C3536868
27465797	853	869	protein kinase C	T116,T126	C0033634
27465797	871	874	PKC	T116,T126	C0033634
27465797	881	889	assessed	T052	C1516048
27465797	893	919	commercial activity assays	T059	C0005507
27465797	921	929	sorbitol	T109,T121	C0037688
27465797	930	946	colorimetrically	T059	C1531834
27465797	948	961	methylglyoxal	T109,T130	C0034338
27465797	965	970	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27465797	975	1035	O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc)-modified proteins	T116,T126	C0671368
27465797	1039	1055	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27465797	1057	1069	High glucose	T033	C0860803
27465797	1070	1077	induced	T169	C0205263
27465797	1078	1083	GLUT1	T116,T123	C0168458
27465797	1084	1094	expression	T045	C1171362
27465797	1096	1105	increased	T081	C0205217
27465797	1106	1109	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27465797	1114	1123	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27465797	1124	1129	GAPDH	T116,T126	C3536868
27465797	1139	1148	increased	T081	C0205217
27465797	1153	1159	polyol	T109	C0071629
27465797	1160	1167	pathway	T044	C1704259
27465797	1176	1184	sorbitol	T109,T121	C0037688
27465797	1186	1189	PKC	T116,T126	C0033634
27465797	1190	1198	activity	T044	C0243102
27465797	1217	1243	O-GlcNAc-modified proteins	T116,T126	C0671368
27465797	1265	1275	hexosamine	T109,T123	C0019477
27465797	1276	1283	pathway	T044	C1704259
27465797	1292	1323	advanced glycation endproducts'	T109,T123	C0162574
27465797	1324	1333	precursor	T078	C1709634
27465797	1334	1347	methylglyoxal	T109,T130	C0034338
27465797	1349	1361	Co-treatment	T058	C0814472
27465797	1365	1369	GEnC	T025	C1182791
27465797	1375	1387	tryptophanol	T116	C0526839
27465797	1407	1419	high-glucose	T033	C0860803
27465797	1422	1429	induced	T169	C0205263
27465797	1443	1453	Activation	T044	C0014429
27465797	1457	1468	GCN2 kinase	T116,T126	C2354171
27465797	1478	1482	GEnC	T025	C1182791
27465797	1488	1500	high-glucose	T033	C0860803
27465797	1503	1510	induced	T169	C0205263
27465797	1519	1537	molecular pathways	T044	C1704259
27465797	1553	1565	concurrently	T079	C0205420
27465797	1571	1579	pathways	T044	C1704259
27465797	1592	1594	DN	T047	C0011881
27465797	1595	1607	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27465797	1609	1620	GCN2 kinase	T116,T126	C2354171
27465797	1636	1650	pharmaceutical	T091	C0031336
27465797	1651	1657	target	T169	C1521840
27465797	1666	1675	treatment	T061	C0087111
27465797	1679	1681	DN	T047	C0011881

27465939|t|microRNA-145 Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of Adipose Tissue -Derived Stromal Cells on Prostate Cancer
27465939|a|Adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC), known as one of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), is a promising tool for regenerative medicine; however, the effect of ASCs on tumor growth has not been studied sufficiently. We investigated the hypothesis that ASCs have an inhibitory effect on metastatic tumor progression. To evaluate the in vitro inhibitory effect of ASCs on metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), direct coculture and indirect separate culture experiments with PC3M-luc2 cells and human ASCs were performed, and ASCs were administered to PC3M-luc2 cell -derived tumor -bearing nude mice for in vivo experiment. We also performed exosome microRNA (miRNA) array analysis to explore a mechanistic insight into the effect of ASCs on PCa cell proliferation / apoptosis. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments exhibited the inhibitory effect of ASCs on PC3M-luc2 cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis and PCa growth, respectively. Among upregulated miRNAs in ASCs compared with fibroblasts, we focused on miR-145, which was known as a tumor suppressor. ASC -derived conditioned medium (CM) significantly inhibited PC3M-luc2 cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, but the effect was canceled by miR-145 knockdown in ASCs. ASC miR-145 knockdown CM also reduced the expression of Caspase 3 / 7 with increased antiapoptotic protein, BclxL, expression in PC3M-luc2 cells. This study provides preclinical data that ASCs inhibit PCa growth, inducing PCa cell apoptosis with reduced activity of BclxL, at least in part, by miR-145, including exosomes released from ASCs, suggesting that ASC administration could be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy in patients with PCa.
27465939	0	12	microRNA-145	T114	C2716184
27465939	26	36	Inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27465939	37	43	Effect	T080	C1280500
27465939	47	61	Adipose Tissue	T024	C0001527
27465939	71	84	Stromal Cells	T025	C0162597
27465939	88	103	Prostate Cancer	T191	C0600139
27465939	104	138	Adipose-derived stromal cell (ASC)	T025	C0162597
27465939	160	189	mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)	T025	C1257975
27465939	215	236	regenerative medicine	T091	C1257974
27465939	251	257	effect	T080	C1280500
27465939	261	265	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	269	281	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27465939	320	332	investigated	T169	C1292732
27465939	337	347	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27465939	353	357	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	366	376	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27465939	377	383	effect	T080	C1280500
27465939	387	415	metastatic tumor progression	T191	C0178874
27465939	420	428	evaluate	T052	C1516048
27465939	433	441	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27465939	442	452	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27465939	453	459	effect	T080	C1280500
27465939	463	467	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	471	503	metastatic prostate cancer (PCa)	T191	C0936223
27465939	512	521	coculture	T059	C0282547
27465939	544	563	culture experiments	T059	C0430400
27465939	569	584	PC3M-luc2 cells	T025	C0682523
27465939	589	594	human	T016	C0086418
27465939	595	599	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	620	624	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	630	642	administered	T169	C1521801
27465939	646	660	PC3M-luc2 cell	T025	C0682523
27465939	670	675	tumor	T033	C3273930
27465939	685	694	nude mice	T015	C0025932
27465939	699	706	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27465939	707	717	experiment	T062	C0681814
27465939	737	744	exosome	T026	C2350332
27465939	745	761	microRNA (miRNA)	T114,T123	C1101610
27465939	762	776	array analysis	T059	C1449653
27465939	790	809	mechanistic insight	T169	C0441712
27465939	819	825	effect	T080	C1280500
27465939	829	833	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	837	845	PCa cell	T025	C0597032
27465939	846	859	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27465939	862	871	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27465939	878	886	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27465939	891	898	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27465939	899	910	experiments	T062	C0681814
27465939	925	935	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27465939	936	942	effect	T080	C1280500
27465939	946	950	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	954	963	PC3M-luc2	T025	C0682523
27465939	964	982	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27465939	993	1002	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27465939	1007	1010	PCa	T191	C0936223
27465939	1011	1017	growth	T191	C1516170
27465939	1039	1050	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27465939	1051	1057	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27465939	1061	1065	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	1080	1091	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27465939	1107	1114	miR-145	T028	C1537799
27465939	1137	1153	tumor suppressor	T028	C0079427
27465939	1155	1158	ASC	T025	C0162597
27465939	1168	1191	conditioned medium (CM)	T130	C0162518
27465939	1206	1215	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27465939	1216	1225	PC3M-luc2	T025	C0682523
27465939	1226	1244	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27465939	1255	1264	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27465939	1274	1280	effect	T080	C1280500
27465939	1297	1304	miR-145	T028	C1537799
27465939	1305	1314	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27465939	1318	1322	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	1324	1327	ASC	T025	C0162597
27465939	1328	1335	miR-145	T028	C1537799
27465939	1336	1345	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27465939	1346	1348	CM	T130	C0162518
27465939	1366	1376	expression	T045	C1171362
27465939	1380	1389	Caspase 3	T116,T126	C0291573
27465939	1392	1393	7	T116,T126	C0537969
27465939	1409	1422	antiapoptotic	T120	C2986514
27465939	1423	1430	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27465939	1432	1437	BclxL	T116,T123	C0219472
27465939	1439	1449	expression	T045	C1171362
27465939	1453	1468	PC3M-luc2 cells	T025	C0682523
27465939	1475	1480	study	T062	C2603343
27465939	1490	1501	preclinical	T080	C1709630
27465939	1512	1516	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	1517	1524	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27465939	1525	1528	PCa	T191	C0936223
27465939	1529	1535	growth	T191	C1516170
27465939	1546	1549	PCa	T191	C0936223
27465939	1550	1554	cell	T025	C0007634
27465939	1555	1564	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27465939	1578	1586	activity	T052	C0441655
27465939	1590	1595	BclxL	T116,T123	C0219472
27465939	1618	1625	miR-145	T028	C1537799
27465939	1637	1645	exosomes	T026	C2350332
27465939	1660	1664	ASCs	T025	C0162597
27465939	1682	1685	ASC	T025	C0162597
27465939	1686	1700	administration	T169	C1521801
27465939	1732	1743	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27465939	1756	1764	patients	T101	C0030705
27465939	1770	1773	PCa	T191	C0936223

27466053|t|Visual Analytics for Pattern Discovery in Home Care. Clinical Relevance for Quality Improvement
27466053|a|Visualization can reduce the cognitive load of information, allowing users to easily interpret and assess large amounts of data. The purpose of our study was to examine home health data using visual analysis techniques to discover clinically salient associations between patient characteristics with problem-oriented health outcomes of older adult home health patients during the home health service period. Knowledge, Behavior and Status ratings at discharge as well as change from admission to discharge that was coded using the Omaha System was collected from a dataset on 988 de-identified patient data from 15 home health agencies. SPSS Visualization Designer v1.0 was used to visually analyze patterns between independent and outcome variables using heat maps and histograms. Visualizations suggesting clinical salience were tested for significance using correlation analysis. The mean age of the patients was 80 years, with the majority female (66%). Of the 150 visualizations, 69 potentially meaningful patterns were statistically evaluated through bivariate associations, revealing 21 significant associations. Further, 14 associations between episode length and Charlson co-morbidity index mainly with urinary related diagnoses and problems remained significant after adjustment analyses. Through visual analysis, the adverse association of the longer home health episode length and higher Charlson co-morbidity index with behavior or status outcomes for patients with impaired urinary function was revealed. We have demonstrated the use of visual analysis to discover novel patterns that described high-needs subgroups among the older home health patient population. The effective presentation of these data patterns can allow clinicians to identify areas of patient improvement, and time periods that are most effective for implementing home health interventions to improve patient outcomes.
27466053	0	16	Visual Analytics	T060	C0042825
27466053	21	38	Pattern Discovery	T041	C1518918
27466053	42	51	Home Care	T058	C0994454
27466053	53	71	Clinical Relevance	T080	C2347946
27466053	76	95	Quality Improvement	T057	C2936612
27466053	96	109	Visualization	T041	C0175631
27466053	125	154	cognitive load of information	T081	C0870301
27466053	181	190	interpret	T169	C1285553
27466053	195	223	assess large amounts of data	T058	C0184514
27466053	265	281	home health data	T170	C3878819
27466053	288	314	visual analysis techniques	T060	C3536884
27466053	327	345	clinically salient	T080	C0449440
27466053	346	358	associations	T078	C0750490
27466053	367	390	patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27466053	396	428	problem-oriented health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27466053	432	464	older adult home health patients	T058	C1443513
27466053	476	495	home health service	T058	C0184605
27466053	504	513	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
27466053	515	523	Behavior	T053	C0004927
27466053	528	542	Status ratings	T081,T170	C0681889
27466053	546	555	discharge	T058	C0030685
27466053	579	588	admission	T058	C0030673
27466053	592	601	discharge	T058	C0030685
27466053	627	639	Omaha System	T170	C1140113
27466053	661	668	dataset	T170	C0150098
27466053	690	702	patient data	T170	C2707520
27466053	711	731	home health agencies	T093	C0019859
27466053	733	765	SPSS Visualization Designer v1.0	T170	C0037589
27466053	778	803	visually analyze patterns	T060	C0042825
27466053	852	861	heat maps	T078	C1609081
27466053	866	876	histograms	T073	C2348974
27466053	878	892	Visualizations	T041	C0175631
27466053	904	921	clinical salience	T033	C2826293
27466053	927	933	tested	T169	C0039593
27466053	957	977	correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
27466053	999	1007	patients	T101	C0030705
27466053	1040	1046	female	T032	C0086287
27466053	1065	1079	visualizations	T041	C0175631
27466053	1096	1115	meaningful patterns	T078	C1609081
27466053	1153	1175	bivariate associations	UnknownType	C0681927
27466053	1202	1214	associations	T078	C0750490
27466053	1228	1240	associations	T078	C0750490
27466053	1268	1295	Charlson co-morbidity index	T170	C3714916
27466053	1308	1315	urinary	T080	C1524119
27466053	1324	1346	diagnoses and problems	T047	C0338067
27466053	1403	1418	visual analysis	T060	C0042825
27466053	1432	1443	association	T078	C0750490
27466053	1458	1477	home health episode	T058	C0085554
27466053	1496	1523	Charlson co-morbidity index	T170	C3714916
27466053	1529	1556	behavior or status outcomes	T033	C0243095
27466053	1561	1569	patients	T101	C0030705
27466053	1575	1600	impaired urinary function	T047	C0871563
27466053	1647	1662	visual analysis	T060	C0042825
27466053	1716	1725	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27466053	1736	1772	older home health patient population	T081	C2361270
27466053	1810	1823	data patterns	T078	C1609081
27466053	1834	1844	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27466053	1866	1885	patient improvement	T057	C3858649
27466053	1945	1970	home health interventions	T058	C1553498
27466053	1982	1998	patient outcomes	T058	C0030698

27466243|t|Initial experience using a femtosecond laser cataract surgery system at a UK National Health Service cataract surgery day care centre
27466243|a|To describe the initial outcomes following installation of a cataract surgery laser system. National Health Service cataract surgery day care unit in North London, UK. 158 eyes of 150 patients undergoing laser-assisted cataract surgery. Laser cataract surgery using the AMO Catalys femtosecond laser platform. intraoperative complications including anterior and posterior capsule tears. docking to the laser platform, successful treatment delivery, postoperative visual acuities. Mean case age was 67.7±10.8 years (range 29-88 years). Docking was successful in 94% (148/158 cases), and in 4% (6/148 cases) of these, the laser delivery was aborted part way during delivery due to patient movement. A total of 32 surgeons, of grades from junior trainee to consultant, performed the surgeries. Median case number per surgeon was 3 (range from 1-20). The anterior capsulotomy was complete in 99.3% of cases, there were no anterior capsule tears (0%). There were 3 cases with posterior capsule rupture requiring anterior vitrectomy, and 1 with zonular dialysis requiring anterior vitrectomy (4/148 eyes, 2.7%). These 4 cases were performed by trainee surgeons, and were either their first laser cataract surgery (2 surgeons) or their first and second laser cataract surgeries (1 surgeon). Despite the learning curve, docking and laser delivery were successfully performed in almost all cases, and surgical complication rates and visual outcomes were similar to those expected based on national data. Complications were predominately confined to trainee surgeons, and with the exception of intraoperative pupil constriction appeared unrelated to the laser-performed steps.
27466243	8	18	experience	T041	C0237607
27466243	27	61	femtosecond laser cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
27466243	62	68	system	T074	C3873738
27466243	77	133	National Health Service cataract surgery day care centre	T093	C1708333
27466243	158	166	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27466243	177	189	installation	T052	C0441655
27466243	195	211	cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
27466243	212	224	laser system	T074	C3873738
27466243	226	280	National Health Service cataract surgery day care unit	T093	C1708333
27466243	284	296	North London	T083	C0023973
27466243	298	300	UK	T083	C0041700
27466243	306	310	eyes	T023	C0015392
27466243	318	326	patients	T101	C0030705
27466243	338	369	laser-assisted cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
27466243	371	393	Laser cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
27466243	404	442	AMO Catalys femtosecond laser platform	T074	C3873738
27466243	444	472	intraoperative complications	T046	C0021890
27466243	483	491	anterior	T037	C0015408
27466243	496	519	posterior capsule tears	T037	C1536084
27466243	521	528	docking	T058	C1254363
27466243	536	550	laser platform	T074	C3873738
27466243	563	581	treatment delivery	T061	C2094475
27466243	583	612	postoperative visual acuities	T201	C0042812
27466243	614	618	Mean	T081	C0444504
27466243	624	627	age	T032	C0001779
27466243	642	647	years	T079	C1510829
27466243	661	666	years	T079	C1510829
27466243	669	676	Docking	T058	C1254363
27466243	708	713	cases	T077	C1706256
27466243	733	738	cases	T077	C1706256
27466243	754	768	laser delivery	T169	C0039798
27466243	797	805	delivery	T079	C3263555
27466243	813	820	patient	T101	C0030705
27466243	821	829	movement	T040	C0026649
27466243	845	853	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27466243	858	864	grades	T185	C0441800
27466243	870	884	junior trainee	T097	C1522486
27466243	888	898	consultant	T097	C0009817
27466243	914	923	surgeries	T061	C0543467
27466243	925	943	Median case number	T081	C0392762
27466243	948	955	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27466243	985	993	anterior	T082	C0205094
27466243	994	1005	capsulotomy	T061	C3701588
27466243	1031	1036	cases	T077	C1706256
27466243	1052	1060	anterior	T082	C0205094
27466243	1061	1074	capsule tears	T037	C0015408
27466243	1094	1099	cases	T077	C1706256
27466243	1105	1130	posterior capsule rupture	T037	C1535895
27466243	1141	1149	anterior	T082	C0205094
27466243	1150	1160	vitrectomy	T061	C0042903
27466243	1173	1189	zonular dialysis	T033	C1299674
27466243	1200	1208	anterior	T082	C0205094
27466243	1209	1219	vitrectomy	T061	C0042903
27466243	1227	1231	eyes	T023	C0015392
27466243	1248	1253	cases	T077	C1706256
27466243	1272	1288	trainee surgeons	T097	C0582175
27466243	1318	1340	laser cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
27466243	1344	1352	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27466243	1380	1404	laser cataract surgeries	T061	C2939459
27466243	1408	1415	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27466243	1446	1453	docking	T058	C1254363
27466243	1458	1472	laser delivery	T169	C0039798
27466243	1515	1520	cases	T077	C1706256
27466243	1526	1553	surgical complication rates	T081	C0392762
27466243	1558	1573	visual outcomes	T080	C0085415
27466243	1614	1627	national data	T078	C1511726
27466243	1629	1642	Complications	T046	C0009566
27466243	1674	1690	trainee surgeons	T097	C0582175
27466243	1718	1732	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27466243	1733	1751	pupil constriction	T061	C3544109
27466243	1778	1799	laser-performed steps	T169	C0039798

27466300|t|Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) in Thyroid Cancer Patients: a View from the Peripheral Blood
27466300|a|Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) plays an important role in many pathophysiological conditions, including cancer. The level of TGF-β in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has not been examined so far. The aim of this study was to measure TGF-β concentration in serum samples and in PHA - stimulated whole blood culture in vitro and to analyze possible associations of TGF-β1 levels with leukocyte, lymphocyte and platelets counts, the histological type of thyroid cancer, and stage of disease. TGF-β1 was measured in 22 DTC patients and 20 healthy controls using the duoSet ELISA Development kit for human TGF-β1. The concentration of TGF-β1 in serum samples from both groups correlated positively with the platelet counts. There was no statistically significant difference in the serum concentrations of TGF-β1 between DTC patients and control subjects, but PHA stimulated whole blood cultures of DTC patients produced less TGF-β1 than those from controls. Additional studies are needed to determine the significance of these in vitro findings.
27466300	0	33	Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27466300	35	41	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27466300	46	60	Thyroid Cancer	T191	C0007115
27466300	61	69	Patients	T101	C0030705
27466300	87	103	Peripheral Blood	T031	C0229664
27466300	104	135	Transforming growth factor beta	T116,T123	C0040690
27466300	137	142	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27466300	176	194	pathophysiological	T169	C0031847
27466300	195	205	conditions	T080	C0348080
27466300	217	223	cancer	T191	C0006826
27466300	229	234	level	T080	C0441889
27466300	238	243	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27466300	247	255	patients	T101	C0030705
27466300	261	290	differentiated thyroid cancer	T191	C1337013
27466300	292	295	DTC	T191	C1337013
27466300	310	318	examined	T033	C0332128
27466300	343	348	study	T062	C2603343
27466300	364	369	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27466300	370	383	concentration	T081	C1446561
27466300	387	400	serum samples	T031	C1550100
27466300	408	411	PHA	T116,T129,T130	C0031858
27466300	414	424	stimulated	T044	C0038337
27466300	425	436	whole blood	T031	C0370231
27466300	437	444	culture	T059	C0200949
27466300	445	453	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27466300	461	468	analyze	T062	C0936012
27466300	494	500	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27466300	501	507	levels	T080	C0441889
27466300	513	522	leukocyte	T025	C0023516
27466300	524	534	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
27466300	539	548	platelets	T025	C0005821
27466300	549	555	counts	T059	C0007584
27466300	561	573	histological	T169	C0205462
27466300	582	596	thyroid cancer	T191	C0007115
27466300	602	618	stage of disease	T060	C0699749
27466300	620	626	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27466300	646	649	DTC	T191	C1337013
27466300	650	658	patients	T101	C0030705
27466300	666	673	healthy	T080	C3898900
27466300	674	682	controls	T096	C0009932
27466300	693	721	duoSet ELISA Development kit	T074	C0812225
27466300	726	738	human TGF-β1	T116,T123	C0080222
27466300	744	757	concentration	T081	C1446561
27466300	761	767	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27466300	771	784	serum samples	T031	C1550100
27466300	795	801	groups	T098	C1257890
27466300	833	841	platelet	T025	C0005821
27466300	842	848	counts	T059	C0007584
27466300	863	888	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27466300	907	927	serum concentrations	T081	C0683149
27466300	931	937	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27466300	946	949	DTC	T191	C1337013
27466300	950	958	patients	T101	C0030705
27466300	963	979	control subjects	T096	C0009932
27466300	985	988	PHA	T116,T129,T130	C0031858
27466300	989	999	stimulated	T044	C0038337
27466300	1000	1011	whole blood	T031	C0370231
27466300	1012	1020	cultures	T059	C0200949
27466300	1024	1027	DTC	T191	C1337013
27466300	1028	1036	patients	T101	C0030705
27466300	1051	1057	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27466300	1074	1082	controls	T096	C0009932
27466300	1095	1102	studies	T062	C2603343
27466300	1131	1143	significance	T078	C0750502
27466300	1153	1161	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27466300	1162	1170	findings	T033	C0243095

27466374|t|P-glycoprotein traffics from the nucleus to the plasma membrane in rat brain endothelium during inflammatory pain
27466374|a|P-glycoprotein (PgP), a drug efflux pump in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells, is a major clinical obstacle for effective central nervous system drug delivery. Identifying PgP regulatory pathways that can be exploited clinically is critical for improving central nervous system drug delivery. We previously found that PgP activity increases in rat brain microvessels concomitant with decreased central nervous system drug delivery in response to acute peripheral inflammatory pain. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that PgP traffics to the luminal plasma membrane of the microvessel endothelial cells from intracellular stores during peripheral inflammatory pain. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we detected PgP in endothelial cell nuclei and in the luminal plasma membrane in control animals. Following peripheral inflammatory pain, luminal PgP staining increased while staining in the nucleus decreased. Biochemical analysis of nuclear PgP content confirmed our visual observations. Peripheral inflammatory pain also increased endothelial cell luminal staining of polymerase 1 and transcript release factor / cavin1 and serum deprivation response protein / cavin2, two caveolar scaffold proteins, without changing caveolin1 or protein kinase C delta binding protein / cavin3 location. Our data (a) indicate that PgP traffics from stores in the nucleus to the endothelial cell luminal membrane in response to peripheral inflammatory pain; (b) provide an explanation for our previous observation that peripheral inflammatory pain inhibits central nervous system drug uptake; and (c) suggest a novel regulatory mechanism for PgP activity in rat brain.
27466374	0	14	P-glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0242643
27466374	15	23	traffics	T169	C0205245
27466374	33	40	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27466374	48	63	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27466374	67	76	rat brain	T023	C1882598
27466374	77	88	endothelium	T024	C0014257
27466374	96	113	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
27466374	114	128	P-glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0242643
27466374	130	133	PgP	T116,T123	C0242643
27466374	138	142	drug	T121	C1254351
27466374	143	154	efflux pump	T024	C3824504
27466374	158	177	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
27466374	178	195	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27466374	208	216	clinical	T080	C0205210
27466374	217	225	obstacle	T080	C0679881
27466374	240	262	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27466374	263	276	drug delivery	T061	C0087111
27466374	278	289	Identifying	T058	C1254363
27466374	290	293	PgP	T116,T123	C0242643
27466374	294	313	regulatory pathways	T169	C1514829
27466374	373	395	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27466374	396	409	drug delivery	T061	C0087111
27466374	436	448	PgP activity	T044	C1753353
27466374	449	458	increases	T169	C0442805
27466374	462	471	rat brain	T023	C1882598
27466374	472	484	microvessels	T023	C2350570
27466374	485	496	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27466374	502	511	decreased	T081	C0205216
27466374	512	534	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27466374	535	548	drug delivery	T061	C0087111
27466374	564	569	acute	T079	C0205178
27466374	570	580	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27466374	581	598	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
27466374	652	655	PgP	T116,T123	C0242643
27466374	656	664	traffics	T169	C0205245
27466374	672	679	luminal	T082	C0524462
27466374	680	695	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27466374	703	714	microvessel	T023	C2350570
27466374	715	732	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27466374	738	751	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27466374	752	758	stores	T169	C1698986
27466374	766	776	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27466374	777	794	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
27466374	802	831	immunofluorescence microscopy	T059	C0079604
27466374	836	844	detected	T033	C0442726
27466374	845	848	PgP	T116,T123	C0242643
27466374	852	868	endothelial cell	T025	C0225336
27466374	869	875	nuclei	T026	C0007610
27466374	887	894	luminal	T082	C0524462
27466374	895	910	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27466374	914	929	control animals	T008	C1511501
27466374	941	951	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27466374	952	969	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
27466374	971	978	luminal	T082	C0524462
27466374	979	982	PgP	T116,T123	C0242643
27466374	983	991	staining	T059	C0487602
27466374	992	1001	increased	T081	C0205217
27466374	1008	1016	staining	T059	C0487602
27466374	1024	1031	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27466374	1032	1041	decreased	T081	C0205216
27466374	1043	1063	Biochemical analysis	T059	C3495389
27466374	1067	1074	nuclear	T026	C0007610
27466374	1075	1078	PgP	T116,T123	C0242643
27466374	1079	1086	content	T077	C0456205
27466374	1101	1120	visual observations	T169	C0199219
27466374	1122	1132	Peripheral	T082	C0205100
27466374	1133	1150	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
27466374	1156	1165	increased	T081	C0205217
27466374	1166	1182	endothelial cell	T025	C0225336
27466374	1183	1190	luminal	T082	C0524462
27466374	1191	1199	staining	T059	C0487602
27466374	1203	1245	polymerase 1 and transcript release factor	T028	C1419128
27466374	1248	1254	cavin1	T028	C1419128
27466374	1259	1293	serum deprivation response protein	T028	C1419916
27466374	1296	1302	cavin2	T028	C1419916
27466374	1308	1334	caveolar scaffold proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27466374	1353	1362	caveolin1	T116,T123	C0033684
27466374	1366	1404	protein kinase C delta binding protein	T028	C1418917
27466374	1407	1413	cavin3	T028	C1418917
27466374	1414	1422	location	T082	C0450429
27466374	1428	1432	data	T078	C1511726
27466374	1451	1454	PgP	T116,T123	C0242643
27466374	1455	1463	traffics	T169	C0205245
27466374	1469	1475	stores	T169	C1698986
27466374	1483	1490	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27466374	1498	1514	endothelial cell	T025	C0225336
27466374	1515	1531	luminal membrane	T026	C0597895
27466374	1547	1557	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27466374	1558	1575	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
27466374	1621	1632	observation	T062	C0302523
27466374	1638	1648	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27466374	1649	1666	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
27466374	1667	1675	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27466374	1676	1698	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27466374	1699	1703	drug	T121	C1254351
27466374	1704	1710	uptake	T039	C0243144
27466374	1730	1735	novel	T080	C0205314
27466374	1736	1756	regulatory mechanism	T033	C0243095
27466374	1761	1773	PgP activity	T044	C1753353
27466374	1777	1786	rat brain	T023	C1882598

27467147|t|Gene Expression Profile in the Liver of Sheep Infected with Cystic Echinococcosis
27467147|a|Cystic Echinococcosis (CE), caused by infection with the Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus), represents considerable health problems in both humans and livestock. Nevertheless, the genetic program that regulates the host response to E. granulosus infection is largely unknown. Previously, using microarray analysis, we found that the innate immunity played a vital role in the E. granulosus defense of the intestine tissue where E. granulosus first invaded. Subsequently, we turned our attention to investigating the molecular immune mechanism in its organ target, the liver, which is where the E. granulosus metacestodes are established and live for very long periods. In this work, the microarray-based methodology was used to study gene expression profiles in the liver of sheep infected with E. granulosus at 8 weeks post infection, corresponding to the early cystic established phase. A total of 6 female -1- year -old healthy Kazakh sheep were used for the experiments. Three Kazakh sheep were orally infected with E. granulosus eggs, and the others remained untreated and served as controls. Sheep were humanely euthanized and necropsized at 8 weeks post - infection (the early stage of cyst established). The microarray was used to detect differential hepatic gene expression between CE infection sheep and healthy controls at this time point. Real-time PCR was used to validate the microarray data. We found that E. granulosus infection induces 153 differentially expressed genes in the livers of infected sheep compared with healthy controls. Among them, 87 genes were up-regulated, and 66 genes were notably down-regulated. Functional analysis showed that these genes were associated with three major functional categories: (a) metabolism, (b) the immune system and (c) signaling and transport. Deeper analysis indicated that complement together with other genes associated with metabolism, played important roles in the defense of E. granulosus infection. The present study identified genes profiling in the liver tissue of E. granulosus infection in sheep. The expression pattern obtained here could be helpful for understanding the molecular immunity mechanisms of host responses to E. granulosus infection. However, it is necessary to carry out further studies to evalute the role of these genes.
27467147	0	23	Gene Expression Profile	T081	C1956267
27467147	31	36	Liver	T023	C0023884
27467147	40	45	Sheep	T015	C0036945
27467147	46	54	Infected	T033	C0439663
27467147	60	81	Cystic Echinococcosis	T047	C4303092
27467147	82	103	Cystic Echinococcosis	T047	C4303092
27467147	105	107	CE	T047	C4303092
27467147	120	129	infection	T046	C3714514
27467147	139	162	Echinococcus granulosus	T204	C0322177
27467147	164	177	E. granulosus	T204	C0322177
27467147	204	210	health	T078	C0018684
27467147	211	219	problems	T033	C0033213
27467147	228	234	humans	T016	C0086418
27467147	239	248	livestock	T008	C2936506
27467147	268	283	genetic program	T170	C1517503
27467147	303	316	host response	T042	C0301872
27467147	320	343	E. granulosus infection	T047	C0152068
27467147	355	362	unknown	T080	C0439673
27467147	382	401	microarray analysis	T059	C1449575
27467147	421	436	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
27467147	464	477	E. granulosus	T204	C0322177
27467147	478	485	defense	T077	C1880266
27467147	493	509	intestine tissue	T024	C2736779
27467147	516	529	E. granulosus	T204	C0322177
27467147	536	543	invaded	T080	C1517574
27467147	586	599	investigating	T169	C1292732
27467147	604	613	molecular	T080	C1521991
27467147	614	620	immune	T039	C0020964
27467147	621	630	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27467147	638	643	organ	T023	C0178784
27467147	644	650	target	T169	C1521840
27467147	656	661	liver	T023	C0023884
27467147	682	695	E. granulosus	T204	C0322177
27467147	696	708	metacestodes	T040	C0277806
27467147	713	724	established	T080	C0443211
27467147	729	733	live	T052	C2982691
27467147	743	755	long periods	T079	C1948053
27467147	775	803	microarray-based methodology	T059	C1449575
27467147	822	846	gene expression profiles	T081	C1956267
27467147	854	859	liver	T023	C0023884
27467147	863	868	sheep	T015	C0036945
27467147	869	877	infected	T033	C0439663
27467147	883	896	E. granulosus	T204	C0322177
27467147	902	907	weeks	T079	C0439230
27467147	908	912	post	T079	C0687676
27467147	913	922	infection	T046	C3714514
27467147	945	975	early cystic established phase	T079	C0205390
27467147	990	996	female	T032	C0086287
27467147	1001	1005	year	T079	C0439234
27467147	1011	1018	healthy	T080	C3898900
27467147	1019	1031	Kazakh sheep	T015	C0036945
27467147	1050	1061	experiments	T062	C0681814
27467147	1069	1081	Kazakh sheep	T015	C0036945
27467147	1087	1093	orally	T030	C0226896
27467147	1094	1102	infected	T033	C0439663
27467147	1108	1121	E. granulosus	T204	C0322177
27467147	1122	1126	eggs	T204	C0686887
27467147	1176	1184	controls	T096	C0009932
27467147	1186	1191	Sheep	T015	C0036945
27467147	1197	1216	humanely euthanized	T058	C1136183
27467147	1221	1232	necropsized	T060	C0004398
27467147	1238	1243	weeks	T079	C0439230
27467147	1244	1248	post	T079	C0687676
27467147	1251	1260	infection	T046	C3714514
27467147	1266	1277	early stage	T079	C1306673
27467147	1281	1285	cyst	UnknownType	C0750773
27467147	1286	1297	established	T080	C0443211
27467147	1304	1314	microarray	T059	C1449575
27467147	1327	1333	detect	T033	C0442726
27467147	1334	1370	differential hepatic gene expression	T045	C1519516
27467147	1379	1381	CE	T047	C4303092
27467147	1382	1391	infection	T046	C3714514
27467147	1392	1397	sheep	T015	C0036945
27467147	1402	1418	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27467147	1439	1452	Real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27467147	1478	1488	microarray	T059	C1449575
27467147	1489	1493	data	T078	C1511726
27467147	1509	1532	E. granulosus infection	T047	C0152068
27467147	1533	1540	induces	T169	C0205263
27467147	1545	1569	differentially expressed	T045	C0017262
27467147	1570	1575	genes	T028	C0017337
27467147	1583	1589	livers	T023	C0023884
27467147	1593	1601	infected	T033	C0439663
27467147	1602	1607	sheep	T015	C0036945
27467147	1608	1616	compared	T052	C1707455
27467147	1622	1638	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27467147	1655	1660	genes	T028	C0017337
27467147	1666	1678	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27467147	1687	1692	genes	T028	C0017337
27467147	1706	1720	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27467147	1722	1732	Functional	T045	C0314627
27467147	1733	1741	analysis	T062	C0936012
27467147	1760	1765	genes	T028	C0017337
27467147	1771	1786	associated with	T080	C0332281
27467147	1799	1809	functional	T169	C0205245
27467147	1826	1836	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27467147	1846	1859	immune system	T022	C0020962
27467147	1868	1877	signaling	T044	C0037080
27467147	1882	1891	transport	T044	C1519628
27467147	1900	1908	analysis	T062	C0936012
27467147	1955	1960	genes	T028	C0017337
27467147	1961	1976	associated with	T080	C0332281
27467147	1977	1987	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27467147	1996	2005	important	T080	C3898777
27467147	2019	2026	defense	T077	C1880266
27467147	2030	2053	E. granulosus infection	T047	C0152068
27467147	2067	2072	study	T062	C2603343
27467147	2084	2099	genes profiling	T059,T063	C0752248
27467147	2107	2119	liver tissue	T023	C0736268
27467147	2123	2146	E. granulosus infection	T047	C0152068
27467147	2150	2155	sheep	T015	C0036945
27467147	2161	2171	expression	T045	C0017262
27467147	2172	2179	pattern	T082	C0449774
27467147	2233	2242	molecular	T080	C1521991
27467147	2243	2251	immunity	T039	C0020964
27467147	2252	2262	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27467147	2266	2280	host responses	T042	C0301872
27467147	2284	2307	E. granulosus infection	T047	C0152068
27467147	2392	2397	genes	T028	C0017337

27467249|t|Juicer Provides a One-Click System for Analyzing Loop-Resolution Hi-C Experiments
27467249|a|Hi-C experiments explore the 3D structure of the genome, generating terabases of data to create high-resolution contact maps. Here, we introduce Juicer, an open-source tool for analyzing terabase-scale Hi-C datasets. Juicer allows users without a computational background to transform raw sequence data into normalized contact maps with one click. Juicer produces a hic file containing compressed contact matrices at many resolutions, facilitating visualization and analysis at multiple scales. Structural features, such as loops and domains, are automatically annotated. Juicer is available as open source software at http://aidenlab.org/juicer/.
27467249	0	6	Juicer	T170	C0037589
27467249	7	15	Provides	T052	C1999230
27467249	39	48	Analyzing	T062	C0936012
27467249	49	81	Loop-Resolution Hi-C Experiments	T059	C0200892
27467249	82	98	Hi-C experiments	T059	C0200892
27467249	111	123	3D structure	T082	C0026377
27467249	131	137	genome	T028	C0017428
27467249	139	149	generating	T052	C3146294
27467249	150	167	terabases of data	T170	C0150098
27467249	178	193	high-resolution	T059	C1719039
27467249	194	206	contact maps	T170	C0814036
27467249	227	233	Juicer	T170	C0037589
27467249	238	254	open-source tool	T170	C0037589
27467249	269	283	terabase-scale	T081	C0392762
27467249	284	297	Hi-C datasets	T170	C0150098
27467249	299	305	Juicer	T170	C0037589
27467249	313	318	users	T098	C1706077
27467249	319	326	without	T080	C0332288
27467249	329	342	computational	T052	C1880157
27467249	343	353	background	T077	C1706907
27467249	357	366	transform	T062	C1705163
27467249	367	384	raw sequence data	T170	C0026382
27467249	401	413	contact maps	T170	C0814036
27467249	430	436	Juicer	T170	C0037589
27467249	448	456	hic file	T170	C0242193
27467249	468	478	compressed	T169	C0332260
27467249	479	495	contact matrices	T082	C1704640
27467249	504	515	resolutions	T081	C1706463
27467249	530	543	visualization	T041	C0175631
27467249	548	556	analysis	T062	C0936012
27467249	560	575	multiple scales	T081	C0392762
27467249	577	596	Structural features	T082	C0026377
27467249	606	611	loops	T026	C1516509
27467249	616	623	domains	T044	C0599845
27467249	629	642	automatically	T066	C0004374
27467249	643	652	annotated	T080	C1552720
27467249	654	660	Juicer	T170	C0037589
27467249	677	681	open	T080	C1996904
27467249	682	688	source	T081	C0011001
27467249	689	697	software	T073,T170	C0037585

27467251|t|An Encapsulation of Gene Signatures for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, MicroRNA-132 Predicted Target Genes and the Corresponding Overlaps
27467251|a|Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNA-132 plays a vital part in and is actively associated with several cancers, with its tumor-suppressive role in hepatocellular carcinoma confirmed. The current study employed multiple bioinformatics techniques to establish gene signatures for hepatocellular carcinoma, microRNA-132 predicted target genes and the corresponding overlaps. Various assays were performed to explore the role and cellular functions of miR-132 in HCC and a successive panel of tasks was completed, including NLP analysis, miR-132 target genes prediction, comprehensive analyses (gene ontology analysis, pathway analysis, network analysis and connectivity analysis), and analytical integration. Later, HCC - related and miR-132 - related potential targets, pathways, networks and highlighted hub genes were revealed as well as those of the overlapped section. MiR-132 was effective in both impeding cell growth and boosting apoptosis in HCC cell lines. A total of fifty-nine genes were obtained from the analytical integration, which were considered to be both HCC - and miR-132 - related. Moreover, four specific pathways were unveiled in the network analysis of the overlaps, i.e. adherens junction, VEGF signaling pathway, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. The tumor-suppressive role of miR-132 in HCC has been further confirmed by in vitro experiments. Gene signatures in the study identified the potential molecular mechanisms of HCC, miR-132 and their established associations, which might be effective for diagnosis, individualized treatments and prognosis of HCC patients. However, combined detections of miR-132 with other bio-indicators in clinical practice and further in vitro experiments are needed.
27467251	3	16	Encapsulation	T067	C2348438
27467251	20	35	Gene Signatures	T169	C1708225
27467251	40	64	Hepatocellular Carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27467251	66	78	MicroRNA-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	79	88	Predicted	T078	C0681842
27467251	89	101	Target Genes	T028	C1332838
27467251	110	132	Corresponding Overlaps	T086	C0314659
27467251	142	149	studies	T062	C2603343
27467251	173	185	microRNA-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	224	239	associated with	T080	C0332281
27467251	248	255	cancers	T191	C0006826
27467251	266	288	tumor-suppressive role	T043	C1325410
27467251	292	316	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27467251	317	326	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27467251	340	345	study	T062	C2603343
27467251	355	363	multiple	T081	C0439064
27467251	364	389	bioinformatics techniques	T169	C0449851
27467251	403	418	gene signatures	T169	C1708225
27467251	423	447	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27467251	449	461	microRNA-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	462	471	predicted	T078	C0681842
27467251	472	484	target genes	T028	C1332838
27467251	493	515	corresponding overlaps	T086	C0314659
27467251	525	531	assays	T059	C1510438
27467251	537	546	performed	T169	C0884358
27467251	562	566	role	T080	C0205556
27467251	571	589	cellular functions	T043	C0007613
27467251	593	600	miR-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	604	607	HCC	T191	C2239176
27467251	614	630	successive panel	T062	C0681848
27467251	644	653	completed	T080	C0205197
27467251	665	668	NLP	T066	C0027489
27467251	669	677	analysis	T062	C0936012
27467251	679	686	miR-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	687	699	target genes	T028	C1332838
27467251	700	710	prediction	T078	C0681842
27467251	712	725	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27467251	726	734	analyses	T062	C0936012
27467251	736	758	gene ontology analysis	T170	C1138831
27467251	760	776	pathway analysis	T170	C0868995
27467251	778	794	network analysis	T170	C0868995
27467251	799	811	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27467251	812	820	analysis	T062	C0936012
27467251	827	849	analytical integration	T169	C0205245
27467251	858	861	HCC	T191	C2239176
27467251	864	871	related	T080	C0439849
27467251	876	883	miR-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	886	893	related	T080	C0439849
27467251	894	903	potential	T080	C3245505
27467251	904	911	targets	T169	C1521840
27467251	913	921	pathways	T045	C1517508
27467251	923	931	networks	T044	C1720950
27467251	948	957	hub genes	T028	C0017337
27467251	963	971	revealed	T080	C0443289
27467251	996	1014	overlapped section	T086	C0314659
27467251	1016	1023	MiR-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	1028	1037	effective	T080	C1704419
27467251	1046	1054	impeding	T169	C0205245
27467251	1055	1066	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27467251	1071	1079	boosting	T169	C1511253
27467251	1080	1089	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27467251	1093	1096	HCC	T191	C2239176
27467251	1097	1107	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27467251	1120	1130	fifty-nine	T081	C3830128
27467251	1131	1136	genes	T028	C0017337
27467251	1160	1182	analytical integration	T169	C0205245
27467251	1195	1205	considered	T078	C0750591
27467251	1217	1220	HCC	T191	C2239176
27467251	1227	1234	miR-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	1237	1244	related	T080	C0439849
27467251	1270	1278	pathways	T044	C0037080
27467251	1300	1316	network analysis	T170	C0868995
27467251	1324	1332	overlaps	T086	C0314659
27467251	1339	1356	adherens junction	T026	C0887872
27467251	1358	1380	VEGF signaling pathway	T044	C3271788
27467251	1382	1412	neurotrophin signaling pathway	T044	C2984256
27467251	1418	1440	MAPK signaling pathway	T043	C1518102
27467251	1446	1468	tumor-suppressive role	T043	C1325410
27467251	1472	1479	miR-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	1483	1486	HCC	T191	C2239176
27467251	1504	1516	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27467251	1517	1525	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27467251	1526	1537	experiments	T062	C0681814
27467251	1539	1554	Gene signatures	T169	C1708225
27467251	1562	1567	study	T062	C2603343
27467251	1583	1592	potential	T080	C3245505
27467251	1593	1613	molecular mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27467251	1617	1620	HCC	T191	C2239176
27467251	1622	1629	miR-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	1652	1664	associations	T080	C0439849
27467251	1681	1690	effective	T080	C1704419
27467251	1695	1704	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27467251	1706	1720	individualized	T080	C1881197
27467251	1721	1731	treatments	T061	C0087111
27467251	1736	1745	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27467251	1749	1752	HCC	T191	C2239176
27467251	1753	1761	patients	T101	C0030705
27467251	1772	1780	combined	T080	C0205195
27467251	1781	1791	detections	T061	C1511790
27467251	1795	1802	miR-132	T114,T123	C2745279
27467251	1814	1828	bio-indicators	T201	C0005516
27467251	1832	1849	clinical practice	T062	C0008972
27467251	1862	1870	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27467251	1871	1882	experiments	T062	C0681814
27467251	1887	1893	needed	T080	C0027552

27467556|t|Prevalence and Hospital Management of Amphotericin B Deoxycholate -Related Toxicities during Treatment of HIV - Associated Cryptococcal Meningitis in South Africa
27467556|a|We aimed to establish the prevalence of amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd)-related toxicities among South African patients with cryptococcosis and determine adherence to international recommendations to prevent, monitor and manage AmBd -related toxicities. Clinical data were collected from cases of laboratory-confirmed cryptococcosis at 25 hospitals, October 2012 -February 2013. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) concentration <10 g/dl, hypokalemia as serum potassium (K) <3.4 mEq/L and nephrotoxicity as an increase in serum creatinine (Cr) to >1.1 times the upper limit of normal. To determine adherence to toxicity prevention recommendations, we documented whether baseline Hb, K and Cr tests were performed, whether pre-emptive hydration and IV potassium chloride (KCl) was administered prior to 80% and 60% of AmBd doses and whether daily oral KCl supplementation was given ≥60% of the time. To determine adherence to monitoring recommendations, we ascertained whether a daily fluid chart was completed, Hb was monitored weekly and K or Cr were monitored bi-weekly. Of 846 patients, clinical data were available for 76% (642/846), 82% (524/642) of whom received AmBd. Sixty-four per cent (n = 333) had documented baseline laboratory tests, 40% (n = 211) were given pre-emptive hydration and 14% (n = 72) and 19% (n = 101) received intravenous and oral KCl. While on AmBd, 88% (n = 452) had fluid monitoring; 27% (n = 142), 45% (n = 235) and 44% (n = 232) had Hb, K and Cr levels monitored. Toxicities developed frequently during treatment: anemia, 16% (86/524); hypokalemia, 43% (226/524) and nephrotoxicity, 32% (169/524). AmBd -related toxicities occurred frequently but were potentially preventable with adequate monitoring, supplemental fluid and electrolyte therapies.
27467556	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
27467556	15	34	Hospital Management	T058	C0019948
27467556	38	65	Amphotericin B Deoxycholate	T109,T121	C0051761
27467556	75	85	Toxicities	T037	C0013221
27467556	93	102	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27467556	106	109	HIV	T047	C0019693
27467556	112	122	Associated	T046	C0243083
27467556	123	146	Cryptococcal Meningitis	T047	C0085436
27467556	150	162	South Africa	T083	C0037712
27467556	189	199	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27467556	203	230	amphotericin B deoxycholate	T109,T121	C0051761
27467556	232	236	AmBd	T109,T121	C0051761
27467556	246	256	toxicities	T037	C0013221
27467556	263	276	South African	T098	C0238605
27467556	277	285	patients	T101	C0030705
27467556	291	305	cryptococcosis	T047	C0010414
27467556	320	329	adherence	T169	C1510802
27467556	333	362	international recommendations	T170	C0681471
27467556	366	373	prevent	T061	C0679698
27467556	375	382	monitor	T058	C0150369
27467556	394	398	AmBd	T109,T121	C0051761
27467556	408	418	toxicities	T037	C0013221
27467556	420	433	Clinical data	T170	C1516606
27467556	439	448	collected	T169	C1516698
27467556	454	459	cases	T081	C0021149
27467556	463	498	laboratory-confirmed cryptococcosis	T047	C0010414
27467556	505	514	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27467556	545	551	Anemia	T047	C0002871
27467556	567	577	hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
27467556	579	581	Hb	T116,T123	C0019046
27467556	583	596	concentration	T081	C1446561
27467556	607	618	hypokalemia	T033	C0020621
27467556	622	637	serum potassium	T059	C0302353
27467556	639	640	K	T059	C0302353
27467556	657	671	nephrotoxicity	T037	C0599918
27467556	678	686	increase	T169	C0442805
27467556	690	706	serum creatinine	T059	C0201976
27467556	708	710	Cr	T059	C0201976
27467556	730	751	upper limit of normal	T081	C1519815
27467556	766	775	adherence	T033	C2364172
27467556	779	787	toxicity	T037	C0013221
27467556	788	798	prevention	T080	C2700409
27467556	799	814	recommendations	T170	C0681471
27467556	838	846	baseline	T081	C1442488
27467556	847	849	Hb	T059	C0518015
27467556	851	852	K	T059	C0236573
27467556	857	865	Cr tests	T059	C0201976
27467556	890	911	pre-emptive hydration	T033	C1321013
27467556	919	937	potassium chloride	T121,T197	C0032825
27467556	939	942	KCl	T121,T197	C0032825
27467556	948	960	administered	T169	C1521801
27467556	961	966	prior	T079	C0332152
27467556	985	989	AmBd	T109,T121	C0051761
27467556	990	995	doses	T081	C0678766
27467556	1008	1013	daily	T079	C0332173
27467556	1014	1022	oral KCl	T200	C3214855
27467556	1023	1038	supplementation	T121	C0561938
27467556	1080	1089	adherence	T169	C1510802
27467556	1093	1119	monitoring recommendations	T061	C3494704
27467556	1146	1151	daily	T079	C0332173
27467556	1152	1163	fluid chart	T061	C0016286
27467556	1179	1181	Hb	T116,T123	C0019046
27467556	1186	1195	monitored	T058	C1283169
27467556	1196	1202	weekly	T079	C0332174
27467556	1207	1208	K	T059	C0302353
27467556	1212	1214	Cr	T059	C0201976
27467556	1220	1229	monitored	T058	C1283169
27467556	1230	1239	bi-weekly	T079	C0585332
27467556	1248	1256	patients	T101	C0030705
27467556	1258	1271	clinical data	T170	C1516606
27467556	1337	1341	AmBd	T109,T121	C0051761
27467556	1388	1396	baseline	T081	C1442488
27467556	1397	1413	laboratory tests	T059	C0022885
27467556	1440	1461	pre-emptive hydration	T033	C1321013
27467556	1506	1517	intravenous	T082	C0013125
27467556	1522	1530	oral KCl	T200	C3214855
27467556	1541	1545	AmBd	T109,T121	C0051761
27467556	1565	1581	fluid monitoring	T061	C0150237
27467556	1634	1636	Hb	T034	C0019029
27467556	1638	1639	K	T034	C0543465
27467556	1644	1653	Cr levels	T033	C0600061
27467556	1654	1663	monitored	T058	C1283169
27467556	1665	1675	Toxicities	T037	C0013221
27467556	1686	1696	frequently	T079	C0332183
27467556	1704	1713	treatment	T061	C0087111
27467556	1715	1721	anemia	T047	C0002871
27467556	1737	1748	hypokalemia	T033	C0020621
27467556	1768	1782	nephrotoxicity	T037	C0599918
27467556	1799	1803	AmBd	T109,T121	C0051761
27467556	1813	1823	toxicities	T037	C0013221
27467556	1824	1832	occurred	T052	C1709305
27467556	1833	1843	frequently	T079	C0332183
27467556	1882	1890	adequate	T080	C0205411
27467556	1891	1901	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27467556	1903	1921	supplemental fluid	T167	C1704353
27467556	1926	1947	electrolyte therapies	T061	C3650834

27467655|t|BJN Awards 2016: IV therapy
27467655|a|Claire Rickard Professor of Nursing, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Centre of Research Excellence in Nursing, Griffith University, was awarded second place in the BJN Awards 2016 for IV Therapy Nurse of the Year. Here she talks about the she has done to be recognised in this field.
27467655	0	10	BJN Awards	T073	C0004446
27467655	17	27	IV therapy	T061	C0455142
27467655	43	52	Professor	T097	C0015535
27467655	56	63	Nursing	T097	C0028661
27467655	118	147	Centre of Research Excellence	T097	C1516383
27467655	151	158	Nursing	T097	C0028661
27467655	185	192	awarded	T073	C0004446
27467655	213	223	BJN Awards	T073	C0004446
27467655	233	243	IV Therapy	T061	C0455142
27467655	244	249	Nurse	T097	C0028661
27467655	257	261	Year	T079	C0439234
27467655	326	331	field	T058	C1254363

27467766|t|Recent blood pressure trends in adolescents from China, Korea, Seychelles and the United States of America, 1997-2012
27467766|a|Although the prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, secular trends in elevated blood pressure (BP) differ across populations. We aimed to compare recent BP and obesity trends in adolescents aged 10-19 years in China, Korea, Seychelles and the United States of America. Data in adolescents aged 10-19 years came from China (1997-2011, n = 8025), Korea (1998-2012, n = 10 119), Seychelles (1998-2012, n = 27 569) and the United States of America (1999-2012, n = 14 580). Elevated BP was defined as SBP or DBP equal to or above the referent sex, age and height-specific 95th percentile of the US Fourth Report. Overweight and obesity were defined using criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. Between 1997-2000 and 2011-2012, the prevalence of elevated BP decreased in Korea and did not change substantially in China and in the United States of America. The prevalence of elevated BP increased in Seychelles. In 2011-2012, the prevalence of elevated BP was 1.7% in the United States of America, 3.8% in China, 3.7% in Korea and 14.3% in Seychelles. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased over time and reached in 2011-2012 41.2% in the United States of America, 18.6% in China, 25.2% in Korea and 27.4% in Seychelles. Elevated BP was strongly associated with obesity in all countries. Although the prevalence of obesity increased markedly in the four countries, secular BP trends in adolescents differed in countries of different regions.
27467766	0	6	Recent	T079	C0332185
27467766	7	21	blood pressure	T047	C0020538
27467766	22	28	trends	T079	C1521798
27467766	32	43	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27467766	49	54	China	T083	C0008115
27467766	56	61	Korea	T083	C0022771
27467766	63	73	Seychelles	T083	C0036919
27467766	82	106	United States of America	T083	C0041703
27467766	131	141	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27467766	145	152	obesity	T047	C0028754
27467766	156	166	increasing	T169	C0442808
27467766	167	176	worldwide	T083	C0017446
27467766	178	192	secular trends	T079	C0681685
27467766	196	219	elevated blood pressure	T047	C0020538
27467766	221	223	BP	T047	C0020538
27467766	239	250	populations	T098	C1257890
27467766	255	260	aimed	T078	C1947946
27467766	264	271	compare	T052	C1707455
27467766	272	278	recent	T079	C0332185
27467766	279	281	BP	T047	C0020538
27467766	286	293	obesity	T047	C0028754
27467766	294	300	trends	T079	C1521798
27467766	304	315	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27467766	316	320	aged	T032	C0001779
27467766	327	332	years	T079	C1510829
27467766	336	341	China	T083	C0008115
27467766	343	348	Korea	T083	C0022771
27467766	350	360	Seychelles	T083	C0036919
27467766	369	393	United States of America	T083	C0041703
27467766	395	399	Data	T078	C1511726
27467766	403	414	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27467766	415	419	aged	T032	C0001779
27467766	426	431	years	T079	C1510829
27467766	442	447	China	T083	C0008115
27467766	471	476	Korea	T083	C0022771
27467766	502	512	Seychelles	T083	C0036919
27467766	545	569	United States of America	T083	C0041703
27467766	595	606	Elevated BP	T047	C0020538
27467766	611	618	defined	T170	C1704788
27467766	622	625	SBP	T201	C0871470
27467766	629	632	DBP	T201	C0428883
27467766	655	663	referent	T077	C1706462
27467766	664	667	sex	T032	C1522384
27467766	669	672	age	T032	C0001779
27467766	677	732	height-specific 95th percentile of the US Fourth Report	T170	C0684224
27467766	734	744	Overweight	T184	C0497406
27467766	749	756	obesity	T047	C0028754
27467766	762	769	defined	T170	C1704788
27467766	776	784	criteria	T078	C0243161
27467766	792	824	International Obesity Task Force	T093	C0596660
27467766	863	873	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27467766	877	888	elevated BP	T047	C0020538
27467766	889	898	decreased	T081	C0205216
27467766	902	907	Korea	T083	C0022771
27467766	944	949	China	T083	C0008115
27467766	961	985	United States of America	T083	C0041703
27467766	991	1001	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27467766	1005	1016	elevated BP	T047	C0020538
27467766	1017	1026	increased	T081	C0205217
27467766	1030	1040	Seychelles	T083	C0036919
27467766	1060	1070	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27467766	1074	1085	elevated BP	T047	C0020538
27467766	1102	1126	United States of America	T083	C0041703
27467766	1136	1141	China	T083	C0008115
27467766	1151	1156	Korea	T083	C0022771
27467766	1170	1180	Seychelles	T083	C0036919
27467766	1186	1196	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27467766	1200	1210	overweight	T184	C0497406
27467766	1215	1222	obesity	T047	C0028754
27467766	1223	1232	increased	T081	C0205217
27467766	1233	1237	over	T082	C0205136
27467766	1238	1242	time	T079	C0040223
27467766	1281	1305	United States of America	T083	C0041703
27467766	1316	1321	China	T083	C0008115
27467766	1332	1337	Korea	T083	C0022771
27467766	1351	1361	Seychelles	T083	C0036919
27467766	1363	1374	Elevated BP	T047	C0020538
27467766	1388	1403	associated with	T080	C0332281
27467766	1404	1411	obesity	T047	C0028754
27467766	1419	1428	countries	T083	C0454664
27467766	1443	1453	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27467766	1457	1464	obesity	T047	C0028754
27467766	1465	1474	increased	T081	C0205217
27467766	1475	1483	markedly	T080	C0522501
27467766	1496	1505	countries	T083	C0454664
27467766	1507	1524	secular BP trends	T079	C0681685
27467766	1528	1539	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27467766	1552	1561	countries	T083	C0454664
27467766	1565	1574	different	T080	C1705242
27467766	1575	1582	regions	T083	C0017446

27467869|t|CT -guided fine-needle aspiration of abdominal and retroperitoneal small lesions with the coaxial technique using MPR images
27467869|a|To demonstrate the advantages of CT -guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of abdominal and retroperitoneal small lesions with the coaxial technique using MPR images. The study included retrospectively 50 patients who underwent CT -guided FNA of abdominal and/or retroperitoneal small lesion (<30 mm). Patients with suspected lymphomas or sarcomas were excluded. Cytology reports were the reference standard. The cytology was diagnostic in 48/50 biopsies (96%): out of 41 neoplastic lesions (85%), 37 were malignant (90.2%) and 4 were benign (9.8%); 7 out of 48 were non-neoplastic (14.6%). No procedural complications were observed (0%). By using MPR images there is an effective improvement in coaxial CT -guided FNA of abdominal and retroperitoneal small lesions.
27467869	0	2	CT	T060	C0040405
27467869	11	33	fine-needle aspiration	T061	C0973251
27467869	37	46	abdominal	T029	C0000726
27467869	51	66	retroperitoneal	T030	C0035359
27467869	67	72	small	T081	C0700321
27467869	73	80	lesions	T033	C0221198
27467869	90	107	coaxial technique	T059	C0022885
27467869	114	117	MPR	T060	C2107023
27467869	118	124	images	T170	C1704254
27467869	158	160	CT	T060	C0040405
27467869	169	191	fine-needle aspiration	T061	C0973251
27467869	193	196	FNA	T061	C0973251
27467869	201	210	abdominal	T029	C0000726
27467869	215	230	retroperitoneal	T030	C0035359
27467869	231	236	small	T081	C0700321
27467869	237	244	lesions	T033	C0221198
27467869	237	244	lesions	T033	C0221198
27467869	254	271	coaxial technique	T059	C0022885
27467869	278	281	MPR	T060	C2107023
27467869	282	288	images	T170	C1704254
27467869	309	324	retrospectively	T033	C3846445
27467869	328	336	patients	T101	C0030705
27467869	351	353	CT	T060	C0040405
27467869	362	365	FNA	T061	C0973251
27467869	369	378	abdominal	T029	C0000726
27467869	386	401	retroperitoneal	T030	C0035359
27467869	402	407	small	T081	C0700321
27467869	425	433	Patients	T101	C0030705
27467869	439	448	suspected	T078	C0750491
27467869	449	458	lymphomas	T191	C0024299
27467869	462	470	sarcomas	T191	C1261473
27467869	486	494	Cytology	T091	C0010819
27467869	495	502	reports	T170	C0684224
27467869	512	530	reference standard	T081	C0034925
27467869	536	544	cytology	T091	C0010819
27467869	549	559	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27467869	569	577	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27467869	595	605	neoplastic	T080	C1709160
27467869	606	613	lesions	T033	C0221198
27467869	629	638	malignant	T191	C0006826
27467869	658	664	benign	T080	C0205183
27467869	690	704	non-neoplastic	T047	C1709246
27467869	714	716	No	T033	C1513916
27467869	717	741	procedural complications	T046	C1141861
27467869	771	774	MPR	T060	C2107023
27467869	775	781	images	T170	C1704254
27467869	794	803	effective	T080	C1704419
27467869	804	815	improvement	T077	C2986411
27467869	819	826	coaxial	T082	C1254362
27467869	827	829	CT	T060	C0040405
27467869	838	841	FNA	T061	C0973251
27467869	845	854	abdominal	T029	C0000726
27467869	859	874	retroperitoneal	T030	C0035359
27467869	875	880	small	T081	C0700321
27467869	881	888	lesions	T033	C0221198

27468236|t|A meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of St John's wort extract in depression therapy in comparison with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in adults
27468236|a|The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of St John's wort extract and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of depression. Databases were searched for studies comparing efficacy and/or safety of St John's wort extract with SSRIs in depression from 1966 to April 2015. Stata software was used for statistical analysis. Twenty-seven studies met the study entry criteria. A total of 3,126 patients with depression were included. St John's wort extract did not differ from SSRIs in clinical response, remission, and mean reduction in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score. St John's wort extract had a significantly lower rate of adverse events compared to SSRIs (summary relative risk: 0.77; 95% confidence interval: 0.70, 0.84, P=0.00) and had fewer withdrawals due to adverse events. St John's wort extract had superior safety in the management of patients with depression. Both St John's wort extract and SSRIs are effective in treating mild-to-moderate depression. St John's wort extract is safer than SSRIs.
27468236	2	15	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27468236	23	31	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27468236	36	42	safety	T068	C0036043
27468236	46	68	St John's wort extract	T109,T121	C0813171
27468236	72	82	depression	T048	C0011570
27468236	83	90	therapy	T061	C0087111
27468236	94	104	comparison	T052	C1707455
27468236	110	149	selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors	T121	C0360105
27468236	153	159	adults	T100	C0001675
27468236	164	167	aim	T078	C1947946
27468236	175	180	study	T062	C2603343
27468236	188	199	investigate	T169	C1292732
27468236	204	212	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27468236	217	223	safety	T068	C0036043
27468236	227	249	St John's wort extract	T109,T121	C0813171
27468236	254	293	selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors	T121	C0360105
27468236	295	300	SSRIs	T121	C0360105
27468236	309	318	treatment	T169	C0039798
27468236	322	332	depression	T048	C0011570
27468236	334	343	Databases	T170	C0242356
27468236	362	369	studies	T062	C0681814
27468236	380	388	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27468236	396	402	safety	T068	C0036043
27468236	406	428	St John's wort extract	T109,T121	C0813171
27468236	434	439	SSRIs	T121	C0360105
27468236	443	453	depression	T048	C0011570
27468236	467	472	April	T079	C3715024
27468236	479	493	Stata software	T073,T170	C0037585
27468236	507	527	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27468236	542	549	studies	T062	C0681814
27468236	558	563	study	T062	C2603343
27468236	597	605	patients	T101	C0030705
27468236	611	621	depression	T048	C0011570
27468236	637	659	St John's wort extract	T109,T121	C0813171
27468236	680	685	SSRIs	T121	C0360105
27468236	689	706	clinical response	T033	C4055223
27468236	708	717	remission	T033	C0544452
27468236	723	727	mean	T081	C0444504
27468236	728	737	reduction	T080	C0392756
27468236	741	783	Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score	T170	C0451203
27468236	785	807	St John's wort extract	T109,T121	C0813171
27468236	814	833	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27468236	842	856	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27468236	869	874	SSRIs	T121	C0360105
27468236	876	897	summary relative risk	T081	C0242492
27468236	909	928	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27468236	983	997	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27468236	999	1021	St John's wort extract	T109,T121	C0813171
27468236	1035	1041	safety	T068	C0036043
27468236	1063	1071	patients	T101	C0030705
27468236	1077	1087	depression	T048	C0011570
27468236	1094	1116	St John's wort extract	T109,T121	C0813171
27468236	1121	1126	SSRIs	T121	C0360105
27468236	1131	1140	effective	T080	C1704419
27468236	1144	1152	treating	T169	C1522326
27468236	1153	1169	mild-to-moderate	T080	C1299392
27468236	1170	1180	depression	T048	C0011570
27468236	1182	1204	St John's wort extract	T109,T121	C0813171
27468236	1208	1213	safer	T033	C0243095
27468236	1219	1224	SSRIs	T121	C0360105

27468821|t|Redistribution of Cav2.1 channels and calcium ions in nerve terminals following end-to-side neurorrhaphy: ionic imaging analysis by TOF-SIMS
27468821|a|The P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channel (Cav2.1) in the presynaptic membranes of motor nerve terminals plays an important role in regulating Ca(2+) transport, resulting in transmitter release within the nervous system. The recovery of Ca(2+) -dependent signal transduction on motor end plates (MEPs) and innervated muscle may directly reflect nerve regeneration following peripheral nerve injury. Although the functional significance of calcium channels and the levels of Ca(2+) signalling in nerve regeneration are well documented, little is known about calcium channel expression and its relation with the dynamic Ca(2+) ion distribution at regenerating MEPs. In the present study, end-to-side neurorrhaphy (ESN) was performed as an in vivo model of peripheral nerve injury. The distribution of Ca(2+) at regenerating MEPs following ESN was first detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and the specific localization and expression of Cav2.1 channels were examined by confocal microscopy and western blotting. Compared with other fundamental ions, such as Na(+) and K(+), dramatic changes in the Ca(2+) distribution were detected along with the progression of MEP regeneration. The re-establishment of Ca(2+) distribution and intensity were correlated with the functional recovery of muscle in ESN rats. Furthermore, the re-clustering of Cav2.1 channels after ESN at the nerve terminals corresponded with changes in the Ca(2+) distribution. These results indicated that renewal of the Cav2.1 distribution within the presynaptic nerve terminals may be necessary for initiating a proper Ca(2+) influx and shortening the latency of muscle contraction during nerve regeneration.
27468821	0	14	Redistribution	T169	C0332620
27468821	18	33	Cav2.1 channels	T116,T123	C0667268
27468821	38	50	calcium ions	T121,T196	C0596235
27468821	54	69	nerve terminals	T026	C0027747
27468821	80	104	end-to-side neurorrhaphy	T061	C0027909
27468821	106	128	ionic imaging analysis	T060	C0430022
27468821	132	140	TOF-SIMS	T059	C0599827
27468821	145	187	P/Q-type voltage-dependent calcium channel	T116,T123	C0667268
27468821	189	195	Cav2.1	T116,T123	C0667268
27468821	204	225	presynaptic membranes	T026	C1325748
27468821	229	240	motor nerve	T023	C0501384
27468821	241	250	terminals	T026	C0027747
27468821	278	305	regulating Ca(2+) transport	T043	C1816486
27468821	320	331	transmitter	T123	C0027908
27468821	351	365	nervous system	T022	C0027763
27468821	371	379	recovery	T040	C2004454
27468821	383	389	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27468821	401	420	signal transduction	T043	C0037083
27468821	424	440	motor end plates	T026	C0026608
27468821	442	446	MEPs	T026	C0026608
27468821	452	462	innervated	T042	C0021516
27468821	463	469	muscle	T024	C0026845
27468821	491	509	nerve regeneration	T043	C0027756
27468821	520	543	peripheral nerve injury	T037	C0262593
27468821	585	601	calcium channels	T116,T123	C0006685
27468821	610	616	levels	T080	C0441889
27468821	620	637	Ca(2+) signalling	T043	C0600431
27468821	641	659	nerve regeneration	T043	C0027756
27468821	703	729	calcium channel expression	T044	C1153433
27468821	764	774	Ca(2+) ion	T121,T196	C0596235
27468821	775	787	distribution	T039	C1378698
27468821	804	808	MEPs	T026	C0026608
27468821	832	856	end-to-side neurorrhaphy	T061	C0027909
27468821	858	861	ESN	T061	C0027909
27468821	883	896	in vivo model	T062	C1515657
27468821	900	923	peripheral nerve injury	T037	C0262593
27468821	929	941	distribution	T039	C1378698
27468821	945	951	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27468821	968	972	MEPs	T026	C0026608
27468821	983	986	ESN	T061	C0027909
27468821	1009	1055	time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry	T059	C0599827
27468821	1074	1086	localization	T169	C0475264
27468821	1091	1101	expression	T044	C1153433
27468821	1105	1120	Cav2.1 channels	T116,T123	C0667268
27468821	1138	1157	confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
27468821	1162	1178	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27468821	1226	1231	Na(+)	T196	C0597484
27468821	1236	1240	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
27468821	1266	1272	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27468821	1273	1285	distribution	T039	C1378698
27468821	1330	1333	MEP	T026	C0026608
27468821	1334	1346	regeneration	T043	C0027756
27468821	1372	1378	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27468821	1379	1391	distribution	T039	C1378698
27468821	1431	1450	functional recovery	T184	C0599766
27468821	1454	1460	muscle	T024	C0026845
27468821	1464	1467	ESN	T061	C0027909
27468821	1468	1472	rats	T015	C0086893
27468821	1508	1523	Cav2.1 channels	T116,T123	C0667268
27468821	1530	1533	ESN	T061	C0027909
27468821	1541	1556	nerve terminals	T026	C0027747
27468821	1590	1596	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27468821	1597	1609	distribution	T039	C1378698
27468821	1617	1624	results	T034	C1254595
27468821	1655	1661	Cav2.1	T116,T123	C0667268
27468821	1662	1674	distribution	T039	C1378698
27468821	1686	1713	presynaptic nerve terminals	T026	C0206181
27468821	1755	1761	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27468821	1762	1768	influx	T043	C3268810
27468821	1788	1795	latency	T033	C0457404
27468821	1799	1817	muscle contraction	T039	C0026820
27468821	1825	1843	nerve regeneration	T043	C0027756

27468990|t|Chitinibacter fontanus sp. nov., isolated from a spring
27468990|a|A bacterial strain, designated STM-7T, was isolated from a spring in Taiwan and characterized using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. Cells of strain STM-7T were Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, poly--hydroxybutyrate -accumulating, motile by a single polar flagellum, rod-shaped that were surrounded by a thick capsule and forming milky white colored colonies. Growth occurred at 15-37 oC (optimum, 25-30 °C), at pH 6-8 (optimum, pH 6-7) and with 0-2 % NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain STM-7T belonged to the genus Chitinibacter and was most closely related to Chitinibacter tainanensis S1T with sequence similarity of 97.3 %. Strain STM-7T contained summed feature 3 (comprising C16:17c and/or C16:16c) and C 16:0 as the predominant f atty acids. The major h ydroxyl fatty acids were C12:0 3-OH and C16:0 3-OH. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an uncharacterized aminophospholipid, an uncharacterized glycolipid and an uncharacterized phospholipid. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of the genomic DNA was 52.4 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value for strain STM-7T with Chitinibacter tainanensis S1T was less than 47 %. On the basis of the phylogenetic inference and phenotypic data, strain STM-7T should be classified as a novel species, for which the name Chitinibacter fontanus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is STM-7T (=BCRC 80923T =LMG 29289T =KCTC 42982T).
27468990	0	31	Chitinibacter fontanus sp. nov.	T007	C1464214
27468990	33	41	isolated	T169	C0205409
27468990	49	55	spring	T070	C3179043
27468990	58	74	bacterial strain	T001	C1518614
27468990	87	93	STM-7T	T001	C1518614
27468990	99	107	isolated	T169	C0205409
27468990	115	121	spring	T070	C3179043
27468990	125	131	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27468990	136	149	characterized	T052	C1880022
27468990	158	186	polyphasic taxonomy approach	T170	C0682467
27468990	188	193	Cells	T025	C0007634
27468990	197	210	strain STM-7T	T007	C1464214
27468990	216	247	Gram-staining-negative, aerobic	T007	C0018148
27468990	249	271	poly--hydroxybutyrate	T109	C0071478
27468990	287	293	motile	T033	C1979933
27468990	299	321	single polar flagellum	T026	C0016192
27468990	323	333	rod-shaped	T082	C1947942
27468990	366	373	capsule	T026	C1325531
27468990	386	405	milky white colored	T080	C0205556
27468990	406	414	colonies	T025	C1947989
27468990	416	422	Growth	T043	C0007595
27468990	445	452	optimum	T080	C2698651
27468990	468	470	pH	T081	C0020283
27468990	476	483	optimum	T080	C2698651
27468990	485	487	pH	T081	C0020283
27468990	508	512	NaCl	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
27468990	514	521	optimum	T080	C2698651
27468990	531	552	Phylogenetic analyses	T062	C1519068
27468990	562	570	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
27468990	571	585	gene sequences	T086	C0162327
27468990	598	611	strain STM-7T	T001	C1518614
27468990	628	633	genus	T185	C1708235
27468990	634	647	Chitinibacter	T007	C1464214
27468990	680	709	Chitinibacter tainanensis S1T	T007	C1464215
27468990	715	723	sequence	T086	C0162327
27468990	746	759	Strain STM-7T	T001	C1518614
27468990	770	786	summed feature 3	T080	C1521970
27468990	799	807	C16:17c	T109	C0015684
27468990	815	824	C16:16c)	T109	C0015684
27468990	831	835	16:0	T109,T123	C0030234
27468990	857	868	atty acids.	T109	C0015684
27468990	881	900	ydroxyl fatty acids	T109	C0596739
27468990	906	916	C12:0 3-OH	T109	C0047466
27468990	921	931	C16:0 3-OH	T109	C0665943
27468990	937	956	polar lipid profile	T059	C0850354
27468990	970	994	phosphatidylethanolamine	T109,T121	C1450468
27468990	996	1016	phosphatidylglycerol	T109,T123	C0031614
27468990	1018	1040	diphosphatidylglycerol	T109	C0086164
27468990	1045	1060	uncharacterized	T080	C1519762
27468990	1061	1078	aminophospholipid	T109,T123	C0031676
27468990	1083	1098	uncharacterized	T080	C1519762
27468990	1099	1109	glycolipid	T109,T123	C0017950
27468990	1117	1132	uncharacterized	T080	C1519762
27468990	1133	1145	phospholipid	T109,T123	C0031676
27468990	1157	1175	isoprenoid quinone	T109	C0034435
27468990	1180	1183	Q-8	T109	C0077663
27468990	1189	1192	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27468990	1193	1204	G+C content	T081	C1135899
27468990	1212	1223	genomic DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27468990	1243	1264	DNA-DNA hybridization	T063	C0221902
27468990	1275	1288	strain STM-7T	T001	C1518614
27468990	1294	1323	Chitinibacter tainanensis S1T	T007	C1464215
27468990	1364	1386	phylogenetic inference	T062	C1519068
27468990	1391	1406	phenotypic data	T078	C1511726
27468990	1408	1421	strain STM-7T	T001	C1518614
27468990	1432	1442	classified	T185	C0008902
27468990	1448	1461	novel species	T185	C1705920
27468990	1482	1513	Chitinibacter fontanus sp. nov.	T007	C1464214
27468990	1536	1542	strain	T001	C1518614
27468990	1546	1552	STM-7T	T001	C1518614
27468990	1554	1591	=BCRC 80923T =LMG 29289T =KCTC 42982T	T001	C1518614

27469396|t|Functional Impairment in Children With Externalizing Behavior Disorders: Psychometric Properties of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Report in a German Clinical Sample
27469396|a|To examine the psychometric properties of a German adaptation of the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Report (WFIRS-P) in a clinical sample of children (4-12 years) with externalizing behavior disorders. Data were collected within two clinical trials (N = 264). Factorial validity, reliability, and divergent validity from symptoms of ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were assessed. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a bifactor model consistent with the theoretical assumption of a general construct of impairment (total scale) and additional specific factors (subscales) provided satisfactory data fit. Model -based reliability estimates showed that both the general construct and specific factors accounted for item variance. Internal consistencies were >.70, part-whole corrected item-scale correlations mostly >.30. Correlations between the WFIRS-P Scales and ADHD and ODD symptoms were low to moderate. The results support the factorial validity, reliability, and divergent validity of the WFIRS-P.
27469396	0	10	Functional	T169	C0205245
27469396	11	21	Impairment	T169	C0221099
27469396	25	33	Children	T100	C0008059
27469396	39	71	Externalizing Behavior Disorders	T048	C0004930
27469396	73	85	Psychometric	T060	C0033920
27469396	86	96	Properties	T080	C0871161
27469396	104	158	Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Report	T170	C0282574
27469396	164	170	German	T083	C0017480
27469396	171	186	Clinical Sample	T167	C0370003
27469396	202	214	psychometric	T060	C0033920
27469396	215	225	properties	T080	C0871161
27469396	231	237	German	T083	C0017480
27469396	256	310	Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Parent Report	T170	C0282574
27469396	312	319	WFIRS-P	T170	C0282574
27469396	326	341	clinical sample	T167	C0370003
27469396	345	353	children	T100	C0008059
27469396	360	365	years	T079	C0439234
27469396	372	404	externalizing behavior disorders	T048	C0004930
27469396	406	410	Data	T078	C1511726
27469396	416	425	collected	T169	C1516698
27469396	437	452	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27469396	464	482	Factorial validity	T080	C0871742
27469396	484	495	reliability	T081	C2347947
27469396	501	519	divergent validity	T081	C0392762
27469396	525	533	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27469396	537	541	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27469396	546	575	oppositional defiant disorder	T048	C0029121
27469396	577	580	ODD	T048	C0029121
27469396	587	595	assessed	T052	C1516048
27469396	597	625	Confirmatory factor analyses	T080	C0870334
27469396	626	634	revealed	T080	C0443289
27469396	642	656	bifactor model	T170	C3161035
27469396	657	672	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27469396	677	699	theoretical assumption	T078	C0871935
27469396	705	722	general construct	T185	C2827421
27469396	726	736	impairment	T169	C0221099
27469396	755	765	additional	T169	C1524062
27469396	766	782	specific factors	T169	C1521761
27469396	804	816	satisfactory	T080	C0205410
27469396	817	825	data fit	T078	C1511726
27469396	827	832	Model	T170	C3161035
27469396	840	851	reliability	T081	C2347947
27469396	852	861	estimates	T081	C0750572
27469396	883	900	general construct	T185	C2827421
27469396	905	921	specific factors	T169	C1521761
27469396	941	949	variance	T080	C1711260
27469396	960	973	consistencies	T080	C0332529
27469396	1017	1029	correlations	T080	C1707520
27469396	1043	1055	Correlations	T080	C1707520
27469396	1068	1082	WFIRS-P Scales	T170	C0282574
27469396	1087	1091	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27469396	1096	1099	ODD	T048	C0029121
27469396	1100	1108	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27469396	1114	1117	low	T080	C0205251
27469396	1121	1129	moderate	T080	C0205081
27469396	1135	1142	results	T169	C1274040
27469396	1155	1173	factorial validity	T080	C0871742
27469396	1175	1186	reliability	T081	C2347947
27469396	1192	1210	divergent validity	T081	C0392762
27469396	1218	1225	WFIRS-P	T170	C0282574

27469526|t|The role of sub-hippocampal versus hippocampal regions in bitemporal lobe epilepsies
27469526|a|We aimed at better delineating the functional anatomical organization of bitemporal lobe epilepsy. We studied the epileptogenic zone (EZ) by quantifying the epileptogenicity of brain structures explored by depth electrodes in patients investigated by stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). We compared 15 patients with bilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (BTLE) and 15 patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (UTLE). This quantification was performed using the ' Epileptogenicity Index ' (EI). Age at epilepsy onset, and epilepsy duration, were not statistically different in both groups. UTLE patients more frequently displayed maximal epileptogenicity in hippocampal structures, whereas BTLE patients had maximal values in subhippocampal areas (entorhinal cortex, temporal pole, parahippocampal cortex). Our results suggest different organization of the EZ in the two groups. BTLE was associated with more involvement of subhippocampal regions, a result in agreement with known anatomical connections between the two temporal lobes.
27469526	4	8	role	T077	C1705810
27469526	12	27	sub-hippocampal	T029	C3496509
27469526	35	54	hippocampal regions	T029	C3496509
27469526	58	84	bitemporal lobe epilepsies	T047	C0014556
27469526	120	130	functional	T169	C0205245
27469526	131	154	anatomical organization	T040	C0026559
27469526	158	182	bitemporal lobe epilepsy	T047	C0014556
27469526	199	217	epileptogenic zone	T029	C1273723
27469526	219	221	EZ	T029	C1273723
27469526	226	237	quantifying	T081	C1709793
27469526	242	258	epileptogenicity	T169	C0205245
27469526	262	278	brain structures	T023	C0006104
27469526	291	307	depth electrodes	T074	C0491577
27469526	311	319	patients	T101	C0030705
27469526	336	364	stereoelectroencephalography	T060	C0013819
27469526	366	370	SEEG	T060	C0013819
27469526	388	396	patients	T101	C0030705
27469526	402	441	bilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy	T047	C0014556
27469526	443	447	BTLE	T047	C0014556
27469526	456	464	patients	T101	C0030705
27469526	470	510	unilateral mesial temporal lobe epilepsy	T047	C0014556
27469526	512	516	UTLE	T047	C0014556
27469526	524	538	quantification	T081	C1709793
27469526	565	587	Epileptogenicity Index	T081	C0392762
27469526	591	593	EI	T081	C0392762
27469526	596	599	Age	T032	C0001779
27469526	603	617	epilepsy onset	T047	C0014544
27469526	623	631	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27469526	632	640	duration	T079	C0449238
27469526	647	674	not statistically different	T033	C0243095
27469526	683	689	groups	T078	C0441833
27469526	691	695	UTLE	T047	C0014556
27469526	696	704	patients	T101	C0030705
27469526	731	738	maximal	T080	C0205289
27469526	739	755	epileptogenicity	T169	C0205245
27469526	759	781	hippocampal structures	T023	C0019564
27469526	791	795	BTLE	T047	C0014556
27469526	796	804	patients	T101	C0030705
27469526	809	816	maximal	T080	C0205289
27469526	817	823	values	T080	C0042295
27469526	827	847	subhippocampal areas	T029	C3496509
27469526	849	866	entorhinal cortex	T023	C0175196
27469526	868	881	temporal pole	T023	C0149552
27469526	883	905	parahippocampal cortex	T024	C2950686
27469526	928	937	different	T080	C1705242
27469526	938	950	organization	T040	C0026559
27469526	958	960	EZ	T029	C1273723
27469526	972	978	groups	T078	C0441833
27469526	980	984	BTLE	T047	C0014556
27469526	989	1004	associated with	T080	C0332281
27469526	1025	1047	subhippocampal regions	T029	C3496509
27469526	1082	1092	anatomical	T080	C0220784
27469526	1093	1104	connections	T082	C0449379
27469526	1121	1135	temporal lobes	T023	C0039485

27469581|t|What can the Canadians and Americans learn from each other's health care systems?
27469581|a|Numerous papers have been written comparing the Canadian and US healthcare systems, and a number of health policy experts have recommended that the Americans implement their single-payer system to save 12-20% of its healthcare expenditures. This paper is different in that it assumes that neither country will undertake a significant philosophic or structural change in their healthcare system, but there are lessons to be learned that are inherent in one that could be a major breakthrough for the other. Following the model in Canada and in Western Europe, the USA could implement universal health insurance so that the 32.0 million (2015) Americans still uninsured would have at least minimal coverage when incurring medical expenditures. Also, the USA could use smart cards to evaluate eligibility and to process health insurance claims; these changes resulting in an estimated 15% reduction in US health expenditures without adversely effecting access or quality of care. Such a strategy would result in the eventual loss of 2.5 million white-collar jobs at hospitals, physician offices and insurance companies, a long-term economic gain. Only a few would agree with the statement that Canada already functions with a multi-payer reimbursement system as evidenced by (1) a federal - provincial, tax - supported plan, administered by each of the provinces, providing universal coverage for hospital and physician services and (2) roughly 60% of its residents receiving employer-paid health insurance benefits, underwritten primarily by investor-owned plans, that are less than effective to reimburse for pharmaceuticals, dental and other healthcare services. What could be learned from the USA and particularly from Western European countries is possibly implementing an approach, whereby at least upper-income Canadians could opt out of their federal - provincial plan and purchase private insurance coverage - being eligible for far more comprehensive "private" benefits for hospital, physician, pharmaceutical, dental and other healthcare services. Aside from generating billions of additional needed revenues from the private sector, it could (1) help eliminate long waits for non-emergent physicians' care by appointing newly minted specialists to their medical staffs; (2) offer prompt admissions for elective cases to " private " wings of hospitals; (3) increase available funding for what is currently an undercapitalized system; (4) enhance the system's sluggish operations; and (5) encourage more competition among various providers. Although such a two-tier approach, such as available in the USA and elsewhere, is politically dead on arrival in Canada today, private insurance being already legal and commonly available there. Interestingly, this recommended solution is utilized in most western European countries where there is a higher percentagea than in Canada of public (versus private) funding of their total health expenditures. Because of various vested interests, attempts to implement any of the aforementioned proposals will undoubtedly result in considerable political rancor. There is greater likelihood, however, that the Canadians because their need to be more effective and efficient in their delivery of care, and their overall long-term fiscal outlook will agree to the further privatization of their healthcare system before the Americans will mandate universal access, use the smart card to process insurance eligibility and claims or will impose price controls on high-tech services and on pharmaceuticals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
27469581	13	22	Canadians	T098	C1257890
27469581	27	36	Americans	T098	C0596070
27469581	37	42	learn	T041	C0023185
27469581	61	80	health care systems	T093	C0018696
27469581	91	97	papers	T170	C0282420
27469581	116	125	comparing	T052	C1707455
27469581	130	138	Canadian	T098	C1257890
27469581	143	145	US	T083	C0041703
27469581	146	164	healthcare systems	T093	C0018696
27469581	182	195	health policy	T089	C0018735
27469581	196	203	experts	T097	C0009817
27469581	209	220	recommended	T078	C0034866
27469581	230	239	Americans	T098	C0596070
27469581	240	249	implement	T052	C1708476
27469581	256	275	single-payer system	T058	C0282487
27469581	298	321	healthcare expenditures	T081	C0015318
27469581	328	333	paper	T170	C0282420
27469581	379	386	country	T083	C0454664
27469581	404	415	significant	T078	C0750502
27469581	416	427	philosophic	T080	C2986477
27469581	431	441	structural	T082	C0678594
27469581	442	448	change	T169	C0392747
27469581	458	475	healthcare system	T093	C0018696
27469581	505	512	learned	T041	C0023185
27469581	560	572	breakthrough	T080	C0444503
27469581	602	607	model	T083	C0006823
27469581	611	617	Canada	T083	C0006823
27469581	625	639	Western Europe	T083	C0043129
27469581	645	648	USA	T083	C0041703
27469581	655	664	implement	T052	C1708476
27469581	665	674	universal	T080	C0175671
27469581	675	691	health insurance	T058	C0021682
27469581	724	733	Americans	T098	C0596070
27469581	740	749	uninsured	T098	C0087134
27469581	770	777	minimal	T080	C0547040
27469581	778	786	coverage	T078	C1551362
27469581	802	822	medical expenditures	T081	C0015318
27469581	834	837	USA	T083	C0041703
27469581	848	859	smart cards	T073	C1519382
27469581	863	883	evaluate eligibility	T058	C0013893
27469581	891	898	process	T067	C1522240
27469581	899	922	health insurance claims	T058	C3824919
27469581	938	950	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27469581	954	963	estimated	T081	C0750572
27469581	968	977	reduction	T080	C0392756
27469581	981	983	US	T083	C0041703
27469581	984	1003	health expenditures	T081	C0015318
27469581	1022	1031	effecting	T080	C1280500
27469581	1032	1038	access	T080	C0018748
27469581	1042	1057	quality of care	T058	C0034379
27469581	1081	1087	result	T169	C1274040
27469581	1104	1108	loss	T081	C1517945
27469581	1124	1141	white-collar jobs	T090	C0028811
27469581	1145	1154	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27469581	1156	1173	physician offices	T073,T093	C0031834
27469581	1178	1197	insurance companies	T078	C1549448
27469581	1201	1210	long-term	T079	C0443252
27469581	1211	1219	economic	T169	C0013557
27469581	1220	1224	gain	T081	C1517378
27469581	1273	1279	Canada	T083	C0006823
27469581	1288	1297	functions	T169	C0542341
27469581	1305	1316	multi-payer	T092	C2348942
27469581	1317	1337	reimbursement system	T170	C0035002
27469581	1360	1367	federal	T092	C0015737
27469581	1370	1380	provincial	T083	C1514578
27469581	1382	1385	tax	T081	C0039371
27469581	1388	1397	supported	T077	C1521721
27469581	1398	1402	plan	T058	C0679909
27469581	1432	1441	provinces	T083	C1514578
27469581	1453	1471	universal coverage	T078	C0376640
27469581	1476	1484	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27469581	1489	1507	physician services	T058	C0587569
27469581	1535	1544	residents	T098	C2347958
27469581	1555	1568	employer-paid	T081	C3824871
27469581	1569	1585	health insurance	T058	C0021682
27469581	1586	1594	benefits	T081	C0814225
27469581	1663	1672	effective	T080	C1280519
27469581	1676	1685	reimburse	T080	C0205432
27469581	1690	1705	pharmaceuticals	T058	C0031321
27469581	1707	1713	dental	T058	C0011365
27469581	1724	1743	healthcare services	T058	C0018747
27469581	1776	1779	USA	T083	C0041703
27469581	1802	1828	Western European countries	T083	C0043129
27469581	1841	1853	implementing	T052	C1708476
27469581	1884	1896	upper-income	T080	C0871944
27469581	1897	1906	Canadians	T098	C1257890
27469581	1930	1937	federal	T092	C0015737
27469581	1940	1950	provincial	T083	C1514578
27469581	1951	1955	plan	T058	C0679909
27469581	1969	1976	private	T092	C0679727
27469581	1977	1995	insurance coverage	T078	C0376629
27469581	2063	2071	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27469581	2073	2082	physician	T058	C0587569
27469581	2084	2098	pharmaceutical	T058	C0031321
27469581	2100	2106	dental	T058	C0011365
27469581	2117	2136	healthcare services	T058	C0018747
27469581	2190	2198	revenues	T081	C0681042
27469581	2208	2222	private sector	T098	C0033176
27469581	2242	2251	eliminate	T052	C1883720
27469581	2324	2335	specialists	T097	C1611835
27469581	2345	2359	medical staffs	T097	C0025106
27469581	2371	2377	prompt	T169	C0871157
27469581	2378	2388	admissions	T058	C0184666
27469581	2393	2407	elective cases	T033	C0745036
27469581	2413	2420	private	T073,T093	C0033173
27469581	2423	2441	wings of hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27469581	2447	2455	increase	T081	C0205217
27469581	2466	2473	funding	T081	C0243098
27469581	2486	2495	currently	T079	C0521116
27469581	2499	2515	undercapitalized	T033	C0243095
27469581	2516	2522	system	T169	C0449913
27469581	2528	2535	enhance	T052	C2349975
27469581	2549	2557	sluggish	T033	C3842079
27469581	2558	2568	operations	T052	C3241922
27469581	2593	2604	competition	T057	C0013550
27469581	2646	2663	two-tier approach	T170	C0025663
27469581	2690	2693	USA	T083	C0041703
27469581	2743	2749	Canada	T083	C0006823
27469581	2757	2774	private insurance	T064	C3845555
27469581	2789	2794	legal	T169	C1301860
27469581	2845	2856	recommended	T078	C0034866
27469581	2886	2912	western European countries	T083	C0043129
27469581	2937	2948	percentagea	T081	C0439165
27469581	2957	2963	Canada	T083	C0006823
27469581	2967	2973	public	T092	C0678367
27469581	2991	2998	funding	T081	C0243098
27469581	3014	3033	health expenditures	T081	C0015318
27469581	3072	3080	attempts	T051	C1516084
27469581	3084	3093	implement	T052	C1708476
27469581	3147	3153	result	T169	C1274040
27469581	3170	3179	political	T057	C0032379
27469581	3180	3186	rancor	T041	C0542301
27469581	3235	3244	Canadians	T098	C1257890
27469581	3275	3284	effective	T080	C1280519
27469581	3289	3298	efficient	T080	C0442799
27469581	3308	3324	delivery of care	T058	C0011211
27469581	3344	3353	long-term	T079	C0443252
27469581	3354	3360	fiscal	T064	C0681005
27469581	3374	3379	agree	T033	C3641827
27469581	3395	3408	privatization	T064	C0033180
27469581	3418	3435	healthcare system	T093	C0018696
27469581	3447	3456	Americans	T098	C0596070
27469581	3496	3506	smart card	T073	C1519382
27469581	3518	3539	insurance eligibility	UnknownType	C0680867
27469581	3572	3580	controls	T169	C2587213
27469581	3610	3625	pharmaceuticals	T121	C1254351

27470228|t|Stressful life events and leucocyte telomere length: Do lifestyle factors, somatic and mental health, or low grade inflammation mediate this relationship? Results from a cohort of Danish men born in 1953
27470228|a|Exposure to psychosocial stress is associated with increased risk of a number of somatic and mental disorders with relation to immune system functioning. We aimed to explore whether stressful events in early and recent life was associated with leucocyte telomere length (TL), which is assumed to reflect the accumulated burden of inflammation and oxidative stress occurring during the life course. We specifically aimed to address whether childhood constitutes a sensitive period and how much of the relation between stressful life events and TL is mediated through somatic and mental health, lifestyle, and markers of low-grade inflammation. A cohort of Danish men born in 1953 has been followed since birth in the Metropolit Cohort. These men underwent a health examination including blood sampling in 2010 and a subset of 324 also had a quantitative PCR-based measurement of TL. The relation between stressful life events and TL was analysed using structural equation modelling, which also provided an estimate of the proportion of the total effect mediated by somatic and mental health (cardiovascular disease, body mass and depressive mood), lifestyle factors, and low grade inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10). Total number of stressful events experienced during the life course was not associated with TL. In terms of sensitive periods, we found that number of stressful events in childhood was associated with shorter TL (βper number stressful events in childhood =-0.02(SE=-0.02); P=0.05). This relation was particularly strong for being placed away from home (β=-0.16; P<0.000). Thirty percent of the total effect of stressful events in childhood on TL was mediated by the included variables, with the largest proportion being mediated through depressive mood (16%) and CRP (9%). This study suggests that stressful events in childhood are associated with shorter TL in middle-aged men and that part of this relation is explained by depressive mood and low grade inflammation.
27470228	0	9	Stressful	T169	C0231297
27470228	10	21	life events	T032	C0557155
27470228	26	51	leucocyte telomere length	T047	C1836777
27470228	56	73	lifestyle factors	T201	C1517875
27470228	75	82	somatic	T080	C2986476
27470228	87	100	mental health	T041	C0025353
27470228	105	127	low grade inflammation	T046	C0021368
27470228	141	153	relationship	T080	C0439849
27470228	170	176	cohort	T098	C0599755
27470228	180	190	Danish men	T098	C0025266
27470228	191	195	born	T040	C0005615
27470228	204	215	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
27470228	216	228	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27470228	229	235	stress	T033	C0038435
27470228	239	254	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470228	265	269	risk	T078	C0035647
27470228	285	292	somatic	T080	C2986476
27470228	297	313	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
27470228	319	327	relation	T080	C0439849
27470228	319	327	relation	T080	C0439849
27470228	331	344	immune system	T022	C0020962
27470228	345	356	functioning	T169	C0542341
27470228	386	402	stressful events	T051	C0038444
27470228	423	427	life	T078	C0376558
27470228	432	447	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470228	448	473	leucocyte telomere length	T047	C1836777
27470228	475	477	TL	T047	C1836777
27470228	512	523	accumulated	T033	C4055506
27470228	534	546	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27470228	551	567	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27470228	589	600	life course	T079	C1510618
27470228	627	634	address	T078	C1547607
27470228	643	652	childhood	T079	C0231335
27470228	667	683	sensitive period	T079	C1948053
27470228	704	712	relation	T080	C0439849
27470228	721	730	stressful	T169	C0231297
27470228	747	749	TL	T047	C1836777
27470228	770	777	somatic	T080	C2986476
27470228	782	795	mental health	T041	C0025353
27470228	797	806	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27470228	812	819	markers	T201	C0005516
27470228	823	845	low-grade inflammation	T046	C0021368
27470228	849	855	cohort	T098	C0599755
27470228	859	869	Danish men	T098	C0025266
27470228	870	874	born	T040	C0005615
27470228	907	912	birth	T040	C0005615
27470228	920	937	Metropolit Cohort	T098	C0599755
27470228	945	948	men	T098	C0025266
27470228	961	979	health examination	T058	C0420151
27470228	990	1004	blood sampling	T060	C0005834
27470228	1044	1078	quantitative PCR-based measurement	T059	C2733022
27470228	1082	1084	TL	T047	C1836777
27470228	1090	1098	relation	T080	C0439849
27470228	1107	1116	stressful	T169	C0231297
27470228	1117	1128	life events	T032	C0557155
27470228	1133	1135	TL	T047	C1836777
27470228	1155	1184	structural equation modelling	T062	C0681947
27470228	1209	1217	estimate	T081	C0750572
27470228	1225	1235	proportion	T081	C1709707
27470228	1249	1255	effect	T080	C1280500
27470228	1268	1275	somatic	T080	C2986476
27470228	1280	1293	mental health	T041	C0025353
27470228	1295	1317	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27470228	1319	1328	body mass	T033	C0518010
27470228	1333	1348	depressive mood	T033	C0344315
27470228	1351	1368	lifestyle factors	T201	C1517875
27470228	1374	1396	low grade inflammation	T046	C0021368
27470228	1398	1416	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
27470228	1418	1421	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
27470228	1424	1442	interleukin (IL)-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27470228	1447	1452	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27470228	1455	1467	Total number	T081	C4288115
27470228	1471	1487	stressful events	T051	C0038444
27470228	1488	1499	experienced	T067	C0023672
27470228	1500	1506	during	T079	C0347984
27470228	1511	1522	life course	T079	C1510618
27470228	1531	1546	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470228	1547	1549	TL	T047	C1836777
27470228	1563	1580	sensitive periods	T079	C1948053
27470228	1596	1602	number	T081	C0237753
27470228	1606	1622	stressful events	T051	C0038444
27470228	1626	1635	childhood	T079	C0231335
27470228	1640	1655	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470228	1656	1666	shorter TL	T047	C1836777
27470228	1680	1696	stressful events	T051	C0038444
27470228	1700	1709	childhood	T079	C0231335
27470228	1742	1750	relation	T080	C0439849
27470228	1802	1806	home	T082	C0442519
27470228	1855	1861	effect	T080	C1280500
27470228	1865	1881	stressful events	T051	C0038444
27470228	1885	1894	childhood	T079	C0231335
27470228	1898	1900	TL	T047	C1836777
27470228	1930	1939	variables	T081	C1705098
27470228	1958	1968	proportion	T081	C1709707
27470228	1992	2007	depressive mood	T033	C0344315
27470228	2018	2021	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
27470228	2053	2069	stressful events	T051	C0038444
27470228	2073	2082	childhood	T079	C0231335
27470228	2087	2102	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470228	2103	2113	shorter TL	T047	C1836777
27470228	2117	2132	middle-aged men	T100	C3825963
27470228	2155	2163	relation	T080	C0439849
27470228	2180	2195	depressive mood	T048	C0852545
27470228	2200	2222	low grade inflammation	T046	C0021368

27470589|t|Description of Ancylomarina subtilis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from coastal sediment, proposal of Marinilabiliales ord. nov. and transfer of Marinilabiliaceae, Prolixibacteraceae and Marinifilaceae to the order Marinilabiliales
27470589|a|A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, moderately halophilic, filamentous, non-motile bacterium, designated FA102T, was isolated from marine sediment of the coast of Weihai, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain FA102T formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the family Marinifilaceae and its closest relative was Marinifilum fragile JCM 15579T (93.2% sequence similarity). The DNA G+C content of the novel strain was 36.5 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids and respiratory quinone were iso-C15:0 and iso-C15:0 3-OH, and MK-7, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological data, strain FA102T represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Ancylomarina subtilis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Ancylomarina subtilis is FA102T (= KCTC 42257T = DSM 28825T = CICC 10902T). Furthermore, a new order named Marinilabiliales is proposed to accommodate three families previously classified in the order Bacteroidales. Marinilabiliales ord. nov. encompasses the families Marinilabiliaceae, Prolixibacteraceae and Marinifilaceae.
27470589	0	11	Description	T170	C0678257
27470589	15	56	Ancylomarina subtilis gen. nov., sp. nov.	T007	C0004611
27470589	58	66	isolated	T169	C0205409
27470589	72	88	coastal sediment	T082	C0557760
27470589	90	98	proposal	T078	C1555306
27470589	102	128	Marinilabiliales ord. nov.	T007	C0004611
27470589	133	141	transfer	T078	C3244299
27470589	145	162	Marinilabiliaceae	T007	C3557298
27470589	164	182	Prolixibacteraceae	T007	C3800560
27470589	187	201	Marinifilaceae	T007	C3986640
27470589	209	214	order	T185	C1705177
27470589	215	231	Marinilabiliales	T007	C0004611
27470589	234	253	Gram-stain-negative	T007	C0018150
27470589	255	278	facultatively anaerobic	T007	C1532741
27470589	280	301	moderately halophilic	T194	C0599691
27470589	303	314	filamentous	T080	C1979891
27470589	316	336	non-motile bacterium	T007	C1301466
27470589	338	348	designated	T169	C1524084
27470589	349	355	FA102T	T007	C0018149
27470589	361	369	isolated	T169	C0205409
27470589	375	390	marine sediment	T070	C0282589
27470589	398	403	coast	T082	C0442544
27470589	407	420	Weihai, China	T083	C0008115
27470589	422	443	Phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27470589	444	449	based	T169	C1527178
27470589	453	476	16S rRNA gene sequences	T114	C3537372
27470589	477	483	showed	T169	C0870432
27470589	489	495	strain	T080	C0456178
27470589	496	502	FA102T	T007	C0018149
27470589	512	520	distinct	T080	C2963144
27470589	521	533	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
27470589	534	541	lineage	T077	C1881379
27470589	553	559	family	T077	C1704727
27470589	560	574	Marinifilaceae	T007	C3986640
27470589	583	599	closest relative	T033	C1821461
27470589	604	634	Marinifilum fragile JCM 15579T	T007	C2990363
27470589	642	661	sequence similarity	T081	C1710052
27470589	668	671	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27470589	672	683	G+C content	T081	C1135899
27470589	691	696	novel	T080	C0205314
27470589	697	703	strain	T080	C0456178
27470589	723	734	predominant	T080	C1542147
27470589	735	743	cellular	T025	C0007634
27470589	744	755	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
27470589	760	771	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27470589	772	779	quinone	T109	C0034435
27470589	785	794	iso-C15:0	T109,T121	C0044840
27470589	799	813	iso-C15:0 3-OH	T116,T121	C0754432
27470589	819	823	MK-7	T109,T121,T127	C0078382
27470589	825	837	respectively	T080	C1548787
27470589	846	851	basis	T169	C1527178
27470589	859	871	phylogenetic	UnknownType	C0683236
27470589	873	883	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27470589	888	901	physiological	T169	C0205463
27470589	902	906	data	T078	C1511726
27470589	908	914	strain	T080	C0456178
27470589	915	921	FA102T	T007	C0018149
27470589	922	932	represents	T052	C1882932
27470589	935	940	novel	T080	C0205314
27470589	941	946	genus	T185	C1708235
27470589	951	958	species	T185	C1705920
27470589	979	1020	Ancylomarina subtilis gen. nov., sp. nov.	T007	C0004611
27470589	1024	1032	proposed	T080	C1553874
27470589	1038	1042	type	T080	C0332307
27470589	1043	1049	strain	T080	C0456178
27470589	1053	1074	Ancylomarina subtilis	T007	C0018149
27470589	1078	1084	FA102T	T007	C0018149
27470589	1088	1099	KCTC 42257T	T007	C0004611
27470589	1102	1112	DSM 28825T	T007	C0004611
27470589	1115	1126	CICC 10902T	T007	C0004611
27470589	1144	1147	new	T080	C0205314
27470589	1148	1153	order	T185	C1705177
27470589	1160	1176	Marinilabiliales	T007	C0004611
27470589	1180	1188	proposed	T080	C1553874
27470589	1192	1203	accommodate	T033	C1832072
27470589	1210	1218	families	T077	C1704727
27470589	1219	1229	previously	T079	C0205156
27470589	1230	1240	classified	T185	C0008902
27470589	1248	1253	order	T185	C1705177
27470589	1254	1267	Bacteroidales	T007	C1080663
27470589	1269	1295	Marinilabiliales ord. nov.	T007	C0004611
27470589	1312	1320	families	T077	C1704727
27470589	1321	1338	Marinilabiliaceae	T007	C3557298
27470589	1340	1358	Prolixibacteraceae	T007	C3800560
27470589	1363	1377	Marinifilaceae	T007	C3986640

27470609|t|Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Analysis
27470609|a|It is increasingly becoming accepted that inflammation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as several immune -related genes have been associated with AD. Among these is tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, a proinflammatory cytokine known to play an important role in autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although AD and RA appear to involve similar pathological mechanisms through the production of TNF-α, the relationship between AD and RA remains unknown. To determine the relative risk of AD among RA patients and non- RA patients, and whether anti-TNF therapy for RA was associated with a lower risk of AD in RA patients. We performed a nested case-control study of more than 8.5 million commercially insured adults (aged ≥18 years) in all 50 US states, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands in the Verisk Health claims database. We derived a sub-cohort of subjects with a diagnosis of RA (controls), or RA and AD (cases), matching cases and controls based on age, sex, exposure assessment period, and methotrexate treatment. We also assessed relative risk of AD following exposure to standard RA therapies, including anti-TNF agents (infliximab, adalimumab, etanercept), methotrexate, prednisone, sulfasalazine, and rituximab. Odds ratios were adjusted for comorbidities, including coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and peripheral vascular disease. AD was more prevalent (p < 0.0001) among RA patients (0.79 %) than among those without RA (0.11 %). Chronic conditions such as coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR] 1.48; 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.05; p = 0.03), diabetes (OR 1.86; 95 % CI 1.32-2.62; p = 0.0004), and peripheral vascular disease (OR 1.61; 95 % CI 1.06-2.43; p = 0.02) significantly increased the relative risk of AD among RA patients. Exposure to anti-TNF agents as a class, but not other immunosuppressive drugs studied, was associated with lowered risk of AD among RA patients (unadjusted OR 0.44; 95 % CI 0.22-0.87; p = 0.02; adjusted OR 0.45; 95 % CI 0.23-0.90; p = 0.02). Sub-group analysis demonstrated that of the three anti-TNF agents studied, only etanercept (unadjusted OR, 0.33; 95 % CI 0.08-0.94; p = 0.03; adjusted OR 0.30; 95 % CI 0.08-0.89; p = 0.02) was associated with a decreased risk of AD in RA patients. There is an increased risk of AD in the studied RA population. The relative risk of AD among RA subjects was lowered in those exposed to etanercept. Anti-TNF therapy with etanercept shows promise as a potential treatment for AD.
27470609	0	9	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27470609	14	34	Rheumatoid Arthritis	T047	C0003873
27470609	39	43	Risk	T033	C1281905
27470609	47	66	Alzheimer's Disease	T047	C0002395
27470609	70	98	Nested Case-Control Analysis	T062	C0027775
27470609	105	117	increasingly	T169	C0442808
27470609	127	135	accepted	T080	C1272684
27470609	141	153	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27470609	188	200	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27470609	204	223	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27470609	225	227	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	233	240	several	T081	C0443302
27470609	241	247	immune	T022	C0020962
27470609	257	262	genes	T028	C0017337
27470609	273	288	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470609	289	291	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	308	337	tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27470609	341	365	proinflammatory cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27470609	401	421	autoimmune disorders	T047	C0004364
27470609	433	453	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27470609	455	457	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	469	471	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	476	478	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	497	504	similar	T080	C2348205
27470609	505	528	pathological mechanisms	T046	C0030660
27470609	541	551	production	T038	C0003261
27470609	555	561	TNF-α,	T116,T129	C1456820
27470609	566	578	relationship	T080	C0439849
27470609	587	589	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	594	596	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	605	612	unknown	T080	C0439673
27470609	631	644	relative risk	T081	C0242492
27470609	648	650	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	657	659	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	660	668	patients	T101	C0030705
27470609	678	680	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	681	689	patients	T101	C0030705
27470609	703	719	anti-TNF therapy	T061	C0281481
27470609	724	726	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	731	746	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470609	749	754	lower	T080	C0205251
27470609	755	759	risk	T033	C1281905
27470609	763	765	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	769	771	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	772	780	patients	T101	C0030705
27470609	797	822	nested case-control study	T062	C0027775
27470609	861	868	insured	T170	C1548605
27470609	869	875	adults	T100	C0001675
27470609	903	912	US states	T083	C0041703
27470609	914	925	Puerto Rico	T083	C0034044
27470609	931	948	US Virgin Islands	T083	C0042752
27470609	956	985	Verisk Health claims database	T170	C0242356
27470609	1000	1010	sub-cohort	T098	C0599755
27470609	1030	1039	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27470609	1043	1045	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	1047	1055	controls	T096	C0009932
27470609	1061	1063	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	1068	1070	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	1072	1077	cases	T077	C1706256
27470609	1080	1088	matching	T062	C0150103
27470609	1089	1094	cases	T077	C1706256
27470609	1117	1120	age	T032	C0001779
27470609	1122	1125	sex	T032	C0079399
27470609	1127	1153	exposure assessment period	T058	C1545382
27470609	1159	1181	methotrexate treatment	T061	C0746573
27470609	1191	1213	assessed relative risk	T058	C0086930
27470609	1217	1219	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	1230	1241	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27470609	1242	1250	standard	T080	C1442989
27470609	1251	1253	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	1254	1263	therapies	T061	C0087111
27470609	1275	1290	anti-TNF agents	T121	C1562242
27470609	1292	1302	infliximab	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27470609	1304	1314	adalimumab	T116,T121,T129	C1122087
27470609	1316	1326	etanercept	T116,T121	C0717758
27470609	1329	1341	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
27470609	1343	1353	prednisone	T109,T121,T125	C0032952
27470609	1355	1368	sulfasalazine	T109,T121	C0036078
27470609	1374	1383	rituximab	T116,T121,T129	C0393022
27470609	1385	1396	Odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27470609	1415	1428	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27470609	1440	1463	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010068
27470609	1465	1482	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27470609	1488	1515	peripheral vascular disease	T047	C0085096
27470609	1517	1519	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	1529	1538	prevalent	T080	C1542147
27470609	1558	1560	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	1561	1569	patients	T101	C0030705
27470609	1596	1603	without	T080	C0332288
27470609	1604	1606	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	1617	1635	Chronic conditions	T033	C4315615
27470609	1644	1667	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010068
27470609	1669	1679	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27470609	1681	1683	OR	T081	C0028873
27470609	1696	1715	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27470609	1717	1719	CI	T081	C0009667
27470609	1743	1751	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27470609	1753	1755	OR	T081	C0028873
27470609	1767	1769	CI	T081	C0009667
27470609	1798	1825	peripheral vascular disease	T047	C0085096
27470609	1827	1829	OR	T081	C0028873
27470609	1841	1843	CI	T081	C0009667
27470609	1893	1906	relative risk	T081	C0242492
27470609	1910	1912	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	1919	1921	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	1922	1930	patients	T101	C0030705
27470609	1932	1943	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
27470609	1944	1959	anti-TNF agents	T121	C1562242
27470609	1965	1970	class	T081	C1547013
27470609	1986	2009	immunosuppressive drugs	T121,T129	C0021081
27470609	2023	2038	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470609	2039	2046	lowered	T081	C1272755
27470609	2047	2051	risk	T033	C1281905
27470609	2055	2057	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	2064	2066	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	2067	2075	patients	T101	C0030705
27470609	2088	2090	OR	T081	C0028873
27470609	2102	2104	CI	T081	C0009667
27470609	2135	2137	OR	T081	C0028873
27470609	2149	2151	CI	T081	C0009667
27470609	2174	2192	Sub-group analysis	T081	C2347789
27470609	2224	2239	anti-TNF agents	T121	C1562242
27470609	2254	2264	etanercept	T116,T121	C0717758
27470609	2277	2279	OR	T081	C0028873
27470609	2292	2294	CI	T081	C0009667
27470609	2325	2327	OR	T081	C0028873
27470609	2339	2341	CI	T081	C0009667
27470609	2367	2382	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470609	2385	2394	decreased	T081	C0205216
27470609	2395	2399	risk	T033	C1281905
27470609	2403	2405	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	2409	2411	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	2412	2420	patients	T101	C0030705
27470609	2434	2443	increased	T081	C0205217
27470609	2444	2448	risk	T033	C1281905
27470609	2452	2454	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	2470	2472	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	2473	2483	population	T081	C0032659
27470609	2489	2502	relative risk	T081	C0242492
27470609	2506	2508	AD	T047	C0002395
27470609	2515	2517	RA	T047	C0003873
27470609	2531	2538	lowered	T081	C1272755
27470609	2548	2558	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27470609	2559	2569	etanercept	T116,T121	C0717758
27470609	2571	2587	Anti-TNF therapy	T061	C0281481
27470609	2593	2603	etanercept	T116,T121	C0717758
27470609	2610	2617	promise	T078	C1555307
27470609	2623	2632	potential	T080	C3245505
27470609	2633	2642	treatment	T061	C0087111
27470609	2647	2649	AD	T047	C0002395

27470706|t|Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With α1 Antitrypsin Deficency: A Cross Sectional Study
27470706|a|Measures of health related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) can help to determine the impact of the disease and provide an important insight into the intervention outcomes. There is few data regarding this issue in the literature. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between HRQoL and gender, functional parameters and history of hospitalizations in patients with AATD. This is a cross-sectional study of 26 patients with severe AATD recruited in the pulmonology outpatient clinic at a tertiary care medical center. Social-demographic, clinical and functional parameters were recorded and HRQoL was assessed with the Portuguese version of the medical outcome study short form-36 (SF-36) self-administered questionnaire. Older patients, females and patients with at least one hospitalization in the previous year due to respiratory disease had statistical lower scores in some dimensions of the SF-36 questionnaire. Superior FEV1 and higher distance mark in the 6-min walking test distance influenced positively several dimensions of the questionnaire. Higher scores in the mMRC scale influenced negatively the HRQoL. These data suggests that older and female patients with AATD have worse HRQoL. Hospitalizations and functional markers of respiratory disease progression influenced negatively the HRQoL, suggesting that the SF-36 questionnaire could be useful as an outcome for AATD patients with lung involvement.
27470706	0	30	Health-Related Quality of Life	T078	C4279947
27470706	34	42	Patients	T101	C0030705
27470706	48	72	α1 Antitrypsin Deficency	T047	C0221757
27470706	76	97	Cross Sectional Study	T062	C0010362
27470706	110	140	health related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27470706	142	147	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27470706	152	160	patients	T101	C0030705
27470706	166	191	α1-antitrypsin deficiency	T047	C0221757
27470706	193	197	AATD	T047	C0221757
27470706	225	231	impact	T080	C4049986
27470706	239	246	disease	T047	C0012634
27470706	289	301	intervention	T061	C0184661
27470706	302	310	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27470706	325	329	data	T078	C1511726
27470706	358	368	literature	T170	C0023866
27470706	386	391	study	T062	C0008972
27470706	398	404	assess	T052	C1516048
27470706	409	421	relationship	T080	C0439849
27470706	430	435	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27470706	440	446	gender	T032	C0079399
27470706	448	458	functional	T169	C0205245
27470706	459	469	parameters	T033	C0449381
27470706	474	481	history	T033	C0262926
27470706	485	501	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27470706	505	513	patients	T101	C0030705
27470706	519	523	AATD	T047	C0221757
27470706	535	556	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27470706	563	571	patients	T101	C0030705
27470706	577	583	severe	T080	C0205082
27470706	584	588	AATD	T047	C0221757
27470706	606	617	pulmonology	T091	C0034060
27470706	618	635	outpatient clinic	T073,T093	C0002424
27470706	641	669	tertiary care medical center	T073,T093	C0587437
27470706	671	689	Social-demographic	T080	C0205556
27470706	691	699	clinical	T080	C0205210
27470706	704	714	functional	T169	C0205245
27470706	715	725	parameters	T033	C0449381
27470706	744	749	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27470706	754	762	assessed	T052	C1516048
27470706	772	782	Portuguese	T098	C0032730
27470706	783	790	version	T170	C0333052
27470706	798	819	medical outcome study	T062	C0543472
27470706	820	873	short form-36 (SF-36) self-administered questionnaire	T170	C1519136
27470706	875	880	Older	T098	C0001792
27470706	881	889	patients	T101	C0030705
27470706	891	898	females	T098	C0043210
27470706	903	911	patients	T101	C0030705
27470706	930	945	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27470706	974	993	respiratory disease	T047	C0035204
27470706	1010	1015	lower	T052	C2003888
27470706	1016	1022	scores	T081	C0449820
27470706	1031	1041	dimensions	T081	C0439534
27470706	1049	1068	SF-36 questionnaire	T170	C1519136
27470706	1070	1078	Superior	T082	C1282910
27470706	1079	1083	FEV1	T033	C0429706
27470706	1088	1094	higher	T080	C0205250
27470706	1095	1103	distance	T081	C0012751
27470706	1104	1108	mark	T071	C1708936
27470706	1122	1143	walking test distance	T058	C3160837
27470706	1144	1154	influenced	T077	C4054723
27470706	1155	1165	positively	T033	C1446409
27470706	1174	1184	dimensions	T081	C0439534
27470706	1192	1205	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27470706	1207	1213	Higher	T080	C0205250
27470706	1214	1220	scores	T081	C0449820
27470706	1228	1238	mMRC scale	T170	C3826977
27470706	1239	1249	influenced	T077	C4054723
27470706	1250	1260	negatively	T033	C0205160
27470706	1265	1270	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27470706	1278	1282	data	T078	C1511726
27470706	1297	1302	older	T098	C0001792
27470706	1307	1313	female	T098	C0043210
27470706	1314	1322	patients	T101	C0030705
27470706	1328	1332	AATD	T047	C0221757
27470706	1338	1343	worse	T033	C1457868
27470706	1344	1349	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27470706	1351	1367	Hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27470706	1372	1382	functional	T169	C0205245
27470706	1394	1413	respiratory disease	T047	C0035204
27470706	1414	1425	progression	T046	C0242656
27470706	1426	1436	influenced	T077	C4054723
27470706	1437	1447	negatively	T033	C0205160
27470706	1452	1457	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27470706	1479	1498	SF-36 questionnaire	T170	C1519136
27470706	1521	1528	outcome	T169	C1274040
27470706	1533	1537	AATD	T047	C0221757
27470706	1538	1546	patients	T101	C0030705
27470706	1552	1556	lung	T023	C0024109
27470706	1557	1568	involvement	T169	C1314939

27470998|t|Disparities in treatment and survival for women with endometrial cancer: A contemporary national cancer database registry analysis
27470998|a|The study aim was to identify contemporary socioeconomic, racial, ethnic, and facility-related factors associated with stage at diagnosis, receipt of cancer treatment, and survival in women with endometrial cancer (EC). Women diagnosed with EC between 1998 and 2010 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Variables associated with the outcomes of interest were assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression. Among 228,511 women identified, the percentage of blacks with stage IIIC/IV disease at diagnosis was nearly twice that of non-Hispanic whites (17.8% vs 9.8%; P<0.001). Patients with advanced disease who were insured with Medicare were less likely to receive standard-of-care postoperative radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy than those with private insurance (odds ratio: OR 0.80, P<0.001), as were those residing in the South (reference) in comparison to the Northeast, Atlantic, Great Lakes, and Midwest regions (OR 1.3-1.7, all P<0.001). Those residing in the Mountain region were even less likely to receive appropriate treatment (OR 0.7, P<0.001). Five-year stage IIIC/IV survival was 42.8% for non-Hispanic whites vs 24.6% for blacks (hazard ratio 1.3, P<0.001). Other factors associated with inferior 5-year survival included payer status (not insured, Medicaid, Medicare, vs private, ORs 1.2-1.3, all P<0.01), and treatment at low-volume centers (<5 vs ≥30cases/year, HR 1.3, P<0.001). Socioeconomic, geographic and facility-related factors predict advanced endometrial cancer stage, failure to receive cancer care, and shorter survival. Black women had especially poor survival. Nationwide standardization and concentration of treatment at high-volume centers may improve outcomes.
27470998	0	11	Disparities	T080	C1955989
27470998	15	24	treatment	T169	C0039798
27470998	29	37	survival	T169	C0220921
27470998	42	47	women	T098	C0043210
27470998	53	71	endometrial cancer	T191	C0007103
27470998	75	87	contemporary	T080	C0205556
27470998	88	130	national cancer database registry analysis	T062	C0242481
27470998	161	173	contemporary	T080	C0205556
27470998	174	187	socioeconomic	T102	C0037464
27470998	189	195	racial	T169	C1521761
27470998	197	203	ethnic	T169	C1521761
27470998	209	233	facility-related factors	T169	C1521761
27470998	234	249	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470998	250	268	stage at diagnosis	T185	C1514952
27470998	270	277	receipt	T170	C0282574
27470998	281	287	cancer	T191	C0006826
27470998	288	297	treatment	T169	C0039798
27470998	303	311	survival	T169	C0220921
27470998	315	320	women	T098	C0043210
27470998	326	344	endometrial cancer	T191	C0007103
27470998	346	348	EC	T191	C0007103
27470998	351	356	Women	T098	C0043210
27470998	372	374	EC	T191	C0007103
27470998	422	446	National Cancer Database	T170	C0242356
27470998	448	457	Variables	T080	C0439828
27470998	458	473	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470998	478	486	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27470998	504	512	assessed	T052	C1516048
27470998	519	557	multivariable Cox proportional hazards	T081,T170	C0010235
27470998	562	581	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27470998	597	602	women	T098	C0043210
27470998	603	613	identified	T080	C0205396
27470998	619	629	percentage	T081	C0439165
27470998	633	639	blacks	T098	C0005680
27470998	645	679	stage IIIC/IV disease at diagnosis	T185	C1514952
27470998	705	724	non-Hispanic whites	T098	C1257890
27470998	751	759	Patients	T101	C0030705
27470998	765	781	advanced disease	UnknownType	C0679246
27470998	804	812	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27470998	833	840	receive	T080	C1514756
27470998	841	857	standard-of-care	T061	C2936643
27470998	858	884	postoperative radiotherapy	T061	C0436206
27470998	892	904	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27470998	921	938	private insurance	T064	C3845555
27470998	940	950	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27470998	952	954	OR	T081	C0028873
27470998	985	993	residing	T052	C2982691
27470998	1001	1006	South	T082	C1710133
27470998	1008	1017	reference	T081	C0034925
27470998	1040	1049	Northeast	T082	C1709272
27470998	1051	1059	Atlantic	T083	C0004166
27470998	1061	1072	Great Lakes	T083	C0018224
27470998	1078	1093	Midwest regions	T083	C0017446
27470998	1095	1097	OR	T081	C0028873
27470998	1127	1135	residing	T052	C2982691
27470998	1143	1158	Mountain region	T083	C0684035
27470998	1184	1191	receive	T080	C1514756
27470998	1204	1213	treatment	T169	C0039798
27470998	1215	1217	OR	T081	C0028873
27470998	1243	1256	stage IIIC/IV	T201	C1300072
27470998	1257	1265	survival	T169	C0220921
27470998	1280	1299	non-Hispanic whites	T098	C1257890
27470998	1313	1319	blacks	T098	C0005680
27470998	1321	1333	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27470998	1355	1362	factors	T169	C1521761
27470998	1363	1378	associated with	T080	C0332281
27470998	1395	1403	survival	T169	C0220921
27470998	1413	1418	payer	T098	C1257890
27470998	1419	1425	status	T080	C0449438
27470998	1440	1448	Medicaid	T064	C0025071
27470998	1450	1458	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27470998	1472	1475	ORs	T081	C0028873
27470998	1502	1511	treatment	T169	C0039798
27470998	1515	1533	low-volume centers	T073,T093	C1552416
27470998	1556	1558	HR	T081	C2985465
27470998	1574	1587	Socioeconomic	T102	C0037464
27470998	1589	1599	geographic	T077	C0017444
27470998	1604	1628	facility-related factors	T169	C1521761
27470998	1637	1664	advanced endometrial cancer	T191	C0007103
27470998	1665	1670	stage	T201	C1300072
27470998	1683	1690	receive	T080	C1514756
27470998	1691	1702	cancer care	T061	C0920687
27470998	1716	1724	survival	T169	C0220921
27470998	1726	1731	Black	T098	C0005680
27470998	1732	1737	women	T098	C0043210
27470998	1758	1766	survival	T169	C0220921
27470998	1768	1794	Nationwide standardization	T062	C0038136
27470998	1799	1812	concentration	T058	C1254363
27470998	1816	1825	treatment	T169	C0039798
27470998	1829	1848	high-volume centers	T073,T093	C1552416
27470998	1861	1869	outcomes	T080	C0085415

27471103|t|Readily Accessible and Predictable Naphthalene -Based Two-Photon Fluorophore with Full Visible - Color Coverage
27471103|a|Herein we report 22 acedan -derived, two-photon fluorophores with synthetic feasibility and full coverage of visible wavelength emission. The emission wavelengths were predicted by computational analysis, which enabled us to visualize multicolor images by two-photon excitation with single wavelength, and to design a turn-on, two-photon fluorescence sensor for endogenous H2 O2 in Raw 264.7 macrophage and rat brain hippocampus ex vivo.
27471103	8	18	Accessible	T169	C0470187
27471103	23	34	Predictable	T078	C0681842
27471103	35	46	Naphthalene	T109,T121	C0027375
27471103	54	76	Two-Photon Fluorophore	T121,T130	C0598447
27471103	87	94	Visible	T070	C0242377
27471103	97	102	Color	T080	C0009393
27471103	103	111	Coverage	T169	C1999244
27471103	129	138	22 acedan	T109,T121	C0027375
27471103	149	172	two-photon fluorophores	T121,T130	C0598447
27471103	178	187	synthetic	T052	C1883254
27471103	209	217	coverage	T169	C1999244
27471103	221	228	visible	T070	C0242377
27471103	229	239	wavelength	T081	C0449819
27471103	254	262	emission	T070	C0596835
27471103	263	274	wavelengths	T081	C0449819
27471103	280	289	predicted	T078	C0681842
27471103	293	315	computational analysis	T059	C4297010
27471103	337	346	visualize	T169	C0234621
27471103	347	364	multicolor images	T170	C1704922
27471103	368	378	two-photon	T167	C0086805
27471103	379	389	excitation	T052	C0549255
27471103	402	412	wavelength	T081	C0449819
27471103	421	427	design	T052	C1707689
27471103	439	462	two-photon fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27471103	463	469	sensor	T073	C0183210
27471103	474	484	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27471103	485	490	H2 O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27471103	494	514	Raw 264.7 macrophage	T025	C0024432
27471103	519	528	rat brain	T023	C1882598
27471103	529	540	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27471103	541	548	ex vivo	T169	C2348480

27471363|t|Optimal Duration of Coronary Ligation and Reperfusion for Reperfusion Injury Study in a Rat Model
27471363|a|Reperfusion injury (RI) has an important impact on the clinical prognosis for patients with acute myocardial injury who had their coronary blood flow reestablished. However, no studies to date have investigated the timeframe of coronary occlusion and reperfusion effects on RI. A total of 100 rats were divided into 4 groups based on the coronary ligation period: 30, 60, 120, and 180 min, and each group was further divided into 5 subgroups with different reperfusion periods: 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min. R0 was the baseline of each subgroup. All animals received the same protocols for designed ligation and reperfusion periods. Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride were used to distinguish different myocardial injury areas: area at risk (AAR) and myocardial necrosis. The differences of the ratios of the necrotic area to AAR between each subgroup and baseline were further averaged to calculate an overall value of each heart. The relative RI percentages showed significant differences (0.8 ± 2.3%, 4.9 ± 3.3%, 10.8 ± 3.1%, and 20.3 ± 3.6% respectively, p < 0.001) at different time points of reperfusion but not at different time points of ligation (p = 0.593). The effects of different time courses in RI showed that the L120R180 group (43.4 ± 2.3%) had the highest RI difference with the baseline group. Maximal RI occurred at the timeframe of L120R180 in our animal model. This result may be utilized to assess the substantial benefits of RI therapies in an experimental rat model setting.
27471363	0	7	Optimal	T080	C2698651
27471363	8	16	Duration	T079	C0449238
27471363	20	37	Coronary Ligation	T061	C0396819
27471363	42	53	Reperfusion	T061	C0027054
27471363	58	76	Reperfusion Injury	T037	C0035126
27471363	77	82	Study	T062	C2603343
27471363	88	91	Rat	T015	C0034721
27471363	92	97	Model	T075	C0026339
27471363	98	116	Reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
27471363	118	120	RI	T037	C0035126
27471363	129	138	important	T080	C3898777
27471363	139	145	impact	T080	C4049986
27471363	153	161	clinical	T080	C0205210
27471363	162	171	prognosis	T201	C3854082
27471363	176	184	patients	T101	C0030705
27471363	190	213	acute myocardial injury	T037	C0746730
27471363	228	236	coronary	T082	C1522318
27471363	237	247	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27471363	248	261	reestablished	T080	C0443211
27471363	275	282	studies	T062	C2603343
27471363	296	308	investigated	T169	C1292732
27471363	313	322	timeframe	T079	C0332168
27471363	326	344	coronary occlusion	T047	C0151814
27471363	349	360	reperfusion	T061	C0027054
27471363	361	368	effects	T080	C1280500
27471363	372	374	RI	T037	C0035126
27471363	391	395	rats	T015	C0034721
27471363	416	422	groups	T078	C0441833
27471363	436	453	coronary ligation	T061	C0396819
27471363	454	460	period	T079	C1948053
27471363	497	502	group	T078	C0441833
27471363	530	539	subgroups	T078	C0441833
27471363	545	554	different	T080	C1705242
27471363	555	566	reperfusion	T061	C0027054
27471363	567	574	periods	T079	C1948053
27471363	616	624	baseline	T081	C1442488
27471363	633	641	subgroup	T078	C0441833
27471363	647	654	animals	T008	C0003062
27471363	673	682	protocols	T170	C0542547
27471363	687	695	designed	T052	C1707689
27471363	696	704	ligation	T061	C0023690
27471363	709	720	reperfusion	T061	C0027054
27471363	721	728	periods	T079	C1948053
27471363	730	740	Evans blue	T109,T130	C0015205
27471363	745	780	2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride	T109,T121	C0146883
27471363	806	815	different	T080	C1705242
27471363	816	833	myocardial injury	T037	C0746730
27471363	834	839	areas	T082	C0205146
27471363	841	845	area	T082	C0205146
27471363	846	853	at risk	T080	C1444641
27471363	855	858	AAR	T082	C0205146
27471363	864	883	myocardial necrosis	T047	C1442837
27471363	889	900	differences	T080	C1705242
27471363	908	914	ratios	T081	C0456603
27471363	922	930	necrotic	T042	C0027540
27471363	931	935	area	T082	C0205146
27471363	939	942	AAR	T082	C0205146
27471363	956	964	subgroup	T078	C0441833
27471363	969	977	baseline	T081	C1442488
27471363	991	999	averaged	T081	C1510992
27471363	1003	1012	calculate	T052	C1441506
27471363	1016	1023	overall	T080	C1561607
27471363	1024	1029	value	T081	C1522609
27471363	1038	1043	heart	T023	C0018787
27471363	1058	1060	RI	T037	C0035126
27471363	1061	1072	percentages	T081	C0439165
27471363	1080	1091	significant	T078	C0750502
27471363	1092	1103	differences	T080	C1705242
27471363	1186	1195	different	T080	C1705242
27471363	1196	1207	time points	T079	C2348792
27471363	1211	1222	reperfusion	T061	C0027054
27471363	1234	1243	different	T080	C1705242
27471363	1244	1255	time points	T079	C2348792
27471363	1259	1267	ligation	T061	C0023690
27471363	1285	1292	effects	T080	C1280500
27471363	1296	1305	different	T080	C1705242
27471363	1306	1318	time courses	T079	C0449247
27471363	1322	1324	RI	T037	C0035126
27471363	1350	1355	group	T078	C0441833
27471363	1378	1385	highest	T080	C1522410
27471363	1386	1388	RI	T037	C0035126
27471363	1389	1399	difference	T080	C1705242
27471363	1409	1417	baseline	T081	C1442488
27471363	1418	1423	group	T078	C0441833
27471363	1425	1432	Maximal	T080	C0205289
27471363	1433	1435	RI	T037	C0035126
27471363	1452	1461	timeframe	T079	C0332168
27471363	1481	1493	animal model	T075	C0026339
27471363	1500	1506	result	T169	C1274040
27471363	1526	1532	assess	T052	C1516048
27471363	1549	1557	benefits	T081	C0814225
27471363	1561	1573	RI therapies	T061	C0035124
27471363	1580	1602	experimental rat model	T050	C0012644

27472389|t|Dimerization of EGFR and HER2 induces breast cancer cell motility through STAT1 -dependent ACTA2 induction
27472389|a|The dimerization of EGFR and HER2 is associated with poor prognosis such as induction of tumor growth and cell invasion compared to when EGFR remains as a homodimer. However, the mechanism for events after dimerization in breast cancer models is not clear. We found that expressions of alpha-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) significantly increased with transient or stable overexpression of HER2 in EGFR - positive breast cancer cells. ACTA2 and STAT1 expression was also increased in HER2 - positive breast cancer patients. In contrast, ACTA2 expression was decreased by HER2 siRNA. Next, we investigated the co-relation between STAT1 and ACTA2 expression. Basal ACTA2 expression was significantly decreased by treatment with the STAT1 inhibitor fludarabine or the JAK2 inhibitor AG490. In contrast, ACTA2 expression was increased by STAT1 overexpression. Levels of ACTA2, STAT1, and HER2 were increased and relapse free survival was decreased in high-risk breast cancer patients. We also investigated the effect of ACTA2 on cell motility, which was suppressed by ACTA2 shRNA overexpression in MDA-MB231 HER2 and 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells. The number of lung metastatic nodules was significantly decreased in ACTA2 knockdown mice. Taken together, these results demonstrated that induction of ACTA2 by EGFR and HER2 dimerization was regulated through a JAK2 / STAT1 signaling pathway, and aberrant ACTA2 expression accelerated the invasiveness and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
27472389	0	12	Dimerization	T067	C2350408
27472389	16	20	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27472389	25	29	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27472389	38	51	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27472389	52	65	cell motility	T040	C0007608
27472389	74	79	STAT1	T116,T123	C0287920
27472389	91	96	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	97	106	induction	T169	C0205263
27472389	111	123	dimerization	T067	C2350408
27472389	127	131	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27472389	136	140	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27472389	165	174	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27472389	183	192	induction	T169	C0205263
27472389	196	208	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27472389	213	226	cell invasion	T046	C2699153
27472389	227	235	compared	T052	C1707455
27472389	244	248	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27472389	262	271	homodimer	T104	C0596448
27472389	286	295	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27472389	313	325	dimerization	T067	C2350408
27472389	329	342	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27472389	343	349	models	T075	C0026336
27472389	378	389	expressions	T045	C1171362
27472389	393	418	alpha-smooth muscle actin	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	420	425	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	431	481	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	T116,T123	C0287920
27472389	483	488	STAT1	T116,T123	C0287920
27472389	504	513	increased	T081	C0205217
27472389	539	553	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27472389	557	561	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27472389	565	569	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27472389	572	580	positive	T033	C1446409
27472389	581	594	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27472389	595	600	cells	T025	C0007634
27472389	602	607	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	612	617	STAT1	T116,T123	C0287920
27472389	618	628	expression	T045	C1171362
27472389	638	647	increased	T081	C0205217
27472389	651	655	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27472389	658	666	positive	T033	C1446409
27472389	667	680	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27472389	681	689	patients	T101	C0030705
27472389	704	709	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	710	720	expression	T045	C1171362
27472389	725	734	decreased	T081	C0205216
27472389	738	748	HER2 siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27472389	796	801	STAT1	T116,T123	C0287920
27472389	806	811	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	812	822	expression	T045	C1171362
27472389	830	835	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	836	846	expression	T045	C1171362
27472389	865	874	decreased	T081	C0205216
27472389	878	887	treatment	T061	C0087111
27472389	897	912	STAT1 inhibitor	T121	C1254351
27472389	913	924	fludarabine	T114,T121	C0059985
27472389	932	946	JAK2 inhibitor	T121	C1254351
27472389	947	952	AG490	T109,T121	C0381241
27472389	967	972	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	973	983	expression	T045	C1171362
27472389	988	997	increased	T081	C0205217
27472389	1001	1006	STAT1	T116,T123	C0287920
27472389	1007	1021	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27472389	1033	1038	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	1040	1045	STAT1	T116,T123	C0287920
27472389	1051	1055	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27472389	1061	1070	increased	T081	C0205217
27472389	1083	1096	free survival	T081	C0242793
27472389	1101	1110	decreased	T081	C0205216
27472389	1114	1123	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27472389	1124	1137	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27472389	1138	1146	patients	T101	C0030705
27472389	1156	1168	investigated	T169	C1292732
27472389	1183	1188	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	1192	1205	cell motility	T040	C0007608
27472389	1217	1227	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27472389	1231	1242	ACTA2 shRNA	T114	C2930586
27472389	1243	1257	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27472389	1261	1270	MDA-MB231	T025	C1512505
27472389	1271	1275	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27472389	1280	1307	4T1 mammary carcinoma cells	T025	C1512505
27472389	1323	1346	lung metastatic nodules	T033	C0034079
27472389	1365	1374	decreased	T081	C0205216
27472389	1378	1383	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	1384	1398	knockdown mice	T015	C0206745
27472389	1448	1457	induction	T169	C0205263
27472389	1461	1466	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	1470	1474	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27472389	1479	1483	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27472389	1484	1496	dimerization	T067	C2350408
27472389	1521	1525	JAK2	T116,T126	C0169661
27472389	1528	1533	STAT1	T116,T123	C0287920
27472389	1534	1551	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27472389	1566	1571	ACTA2	T116,T123	C2716282
27472389	1572	1582	expression	T045	C1171362
27472389	1572	1582	expression	T045	C1171362
27472389	1599	1611	invasiveness	T046	C0027626
27472389	1616	1626	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27472389	1630	1643	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27472389	1644	1649	cells	T025	C0007634

27472704|t|Association of β-blocker therapy with long-term clinical outcomes in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion
27472704|a|There are limited data regarding the efficacy of β-blockers for secondary prevention in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). Therefore, we investigated the association of β-blocker therapy with long-term clinical outcomes in CTO patients. From March 2003 to February 2012, a total of 2024 CTO patients treated with either medical therapy alone or revascularization were enrolled in the study. We assessed 1596 patients with stable ischemic heart disease and divided them into the β-blocker group (n = 932) and the no - β-blocker group (n = 664). The primary outcome was all-cause death. The median follow-up duration was 3.9 (interquartile range: 2.0-6.2) years. All-cause death occurred in 11.6% patients in the β-blocker group and 13.6% patients in the no - β-blocker group (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61-1.08; P = 0.15). In the propensity score - matched population (570 pairs), all-cause death occurred in 12.3% patients in the β-blocker group and 12.8% patients in the no - β-blocker group (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.67-1.29; P = 0.66). In subgroup analysis, β-blocker therapy was associated with better outcome, in terms of all-cause death, in patients with CTO of the left anterior descending coronary artery and Synergy Between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score ≥23 (P for interaction = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). In conclusion, β-blocker therapy was not associated with favorable long-term clinical outcomes in stable CTO patients, regardless of treatment strategy. However, β-blocker therapy might be beneficial in a highly selective group of CTO patients with a high ischemic burden.
27472704	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27472704	15	32	β-blocker therapy	T058	C1314136
27472704	38	47	long-term	T079	C0443252
27472704	48	65	clinical outcomes	T033	C4055223
27472704	69	77	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	83	115	coronary chronic total occlusion	T047	C1955779
27472704	126	133	limited	T169	C0439801
27472704	134	138	data	T078	C1511726
27472704	153	161	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27472704	165	175	β-blockers	T121	C0001645
27472704	180	200	secondary prevention	T061	C0679699
27472704	204	212	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	218	250	coronary chronic total occlusion	T047	C1955779
27472704	252	255	CTO	T047	C1955779
27472704	272	284	investigated	T169	C1292732
27472704	289	300	association	T080	C0439849
27472704	304	321	β-blocker therapy	T058	C1314136
27472704	327	336	long-term	T079	C0443252
27472704	337	354	clinical outcomes	T033	C4055223
27472704	358	361	CTO	T047	C1955779
27472704	362	370	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	422	425	CTO	T047	C1955779
27472704	426	434	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	455	470	medical therapy	T061	C0418981
27472704	480	497	revascularization	T061	C0581603
27472704	519	524	study	T062	C2603343
27472704	543	551	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	564	586	ischemic heart disease	T047	C0151744
27472704	613	622	β-blocker	T121	C0001645
27472704	623	628	group	T078	C0441833
27472704	647	649	no	T169	C0332197
27472704	652	661	β-blocker	T121	C0001645
27472704	662	667	group	T078	C0441833
27472704	691	698	outcome	T169	C1274040
27472704	703	718	all-cause death	T033	C0007465
27472704	724	730	median	T082	C2939193
27472704	731	740	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27472704	741	749	duration	T079	C0449238
27472704	759	778	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27472704	796	811	All-cause death	T033	C0007465
27472704	830	838	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	846	855	β-blocker	T121	C0001645
27472704	856	861	group	T078	C0441833
27472704	872	880	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	888	890	no	T169	C0332197
27472704	893	902	β-blocker	T121	C0001645
27472704	903	908	group	T078	C0441833
27472704	910	922	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27472704	924	926	HR	T081	C2985465
27472704	939	958	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27472704	960	962	CI	T081	C0009667
27472704	994	1010	propensity score	T081	C2718044
27472704	1013	1031	matched population	T098	C1257890
27472704	1045	1060	all-cause death	T033	C0007465
27472704	1079	1087	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	1095	1104	β-blocker	T121	C0001645
27472704	1105	1110	group	T078	C0441833
27472704	1121	1129	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	1137	1139	no	T169	C0332197
27472704	1142	1151	β-blocker	T121	C0001645
27472704	1152	1157	group	T078	C0441833
27472704	1159	1161	HR	T081	C2985465
27472704	1173	1175	CI	T081	C0009667
27472704	1202	1210	subgroup	T078	C0441833
27472704	1211	1219	analysis	T062	C0936012
27472704	1221	1238	β-blocker therapy	T058	C1314136
27472704	1243	1258	associated with	T080	C0332281
27472704	1266	1273	outcome	T169	C1274040
27472704	1287	1302	all-cause death	T033	C0007465
27472704	1307	1315	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	1321	1324	CTO	T047	C1955779
27472704	1332	1372	left anterior descending coronary artery	T023	C0226032
27472704	1393	1396	PCI	T061	C1532338
27472704	1412	1427	Cardiac Surgery	T061	C0018821
27472704	1437	1442	score	T081	C0449820
27472704	1454	1465	interaction	T169	C1704675
27472704	1501	1511	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27472704	1513	1530	β-blocker therapy	T058	C1314136
27472704	1539	1554	associated with	T080	C0332281
27472704	1555	1564	favorable	T080	C3640814
27472704	1565	1574	long-term	T079	C0443252
27472704	1575	1592	clinical outcomes	T033	C4055223
27472704	1603	1606	CTO	T047	C1955779
27472704	1607	1615	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	1617	1627	regardless	T080	C3641650
27472704	1631	1640	treatment	T061	C0087111
27472704	1660	1677	β-blocker therapy	T058	C1314136
27472704	1703	1709	highly	T080	C0205250
27472704	1720	1725	group	T078	C0441833
27472704	1729	1732	CTO	T047	C1955779
27472704	1733	1741	patients	T101	C0030705
27472704	1749	1753	high	T080	C0205250
27472704	1754	1770	ischemic burden.	T033	C2024898

27473209|t|Derivation of a Predictive Score for Hemorrhagic Progression of Cerebral Contusions in Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
27473209|a|After traumatic brain injury (TBI), hemorrhagic progression of contusions (HPCs) occurs frequently. However, there is no established predictive score to identify high-risk patients for HPC. Consecutive patients who were hospitalized (2008-2013) with non-penetrating moderate or severe TBI were studied. The primary outcome was HPC, defined by both a relative increase in contusion volume by ≥30 % and an absolute increase by ≥10 mL on serial imaging. Logistic regression models were created to identify independent risk factors for HPC. The HPC Score was then derived based on the final model. Among a total of 286 eligible patients, 61 (21 %) patients developed HPC. On univariate analyses, HPC was associated with older age, higher initial blood pressure, antiplatelet medications, anticoagulants, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) subdural hematoma (SDH), skull fracture, frontal contusion, larger contusion volume, and shorter interval from injury to initial CT. In the final model, SAH (OR 6.33, 95 % CI, 1.80-22.23), SDH (OR 3.46, 95 % CI, 1.39-8.63), and skull fracture (OR 2.67, 95 % CI, 1.28-5.58) were associated with HPC. Based on these factors, the HPC Score was derived (SAH = 2 points, SDH = 1 point, and skull fracture = 1 point). This score had an area under the receiver operating curve of 0.77. Patients with a score of 0-2 had a 4.0 % incidence of HPC, while patients with a score of 3-4 had a 34.6 % incidence of HPC. A simple HPC Score was developed for early risk stratification of HPC in patients with moderate or severe TBI.
27473209	0	10	Derivation	T080	C1441547
27473209	16	26	Predictive	T080	C0681890
27473209	27	32	Score	T081	C0449820
27473209	37	48	Hemorrhagic	T046	C0019080
27473209	49	60	Progression	T169	C0449258
27473209	64	83	Cerebral Contusions	T037	C0750971
27473209	87	95	Moderate	T037	C3508473
27473209	100	129	Severe Traumatic Brain Injury	T037	C3508474
27473209	136	158	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
27473209	160	163	TBI	T037	C0876926
27473209	166	177	hemorrhagic	T046	C0019080
27473209	178	189	progression	T169	C0449258
27473209	193	203	contusions	T037	C0009938
27473209	205	209	HPCs	T037	C0009938
27473209	218	228	frequently	T079	C0332183
27473209	251	262	established	T080	C0443211
27473209	263	273	predictive	T080	C0681890
27473209	274	279	score	T081	C0449820
27473209	292	301	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27473209	302	310	patients	T101	C0030705
27473209	315	318	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	320	331	Consecutive	T080	C1707491
27473209	332	340	patients	T101	C0030705
27473209	350	362	hospitalized	T033	C0701159
27473209	396	404	moderate	T037	C3508473
27473209	408	418	severe TBI	T037	C3508474
27473209	437	452	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
27473209	457	460	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	489	497	increase	T169	C0442805
27473209	501	510	contusion	T037	C0009938
27473209	511	517	volume	T081	C0449468
27473209	534	542	absolute	T080	C0205344
27473209	543	551	increase	T169	C0442805
27473209	565	579	serial imaging	UnknownType	C0203640
27473209	581	607	Logistic regression models	T081,T170	C0023965
27473209	613	620	created	T052	C1706214
27473209	645	657	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27473209	662	665	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	671	674	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	675	680	Score	T081	C0449820
27473209	690	697	derived	T080	C1441547
27473209	711	722	final model	T170	C3161035
27473209	754	762	patients	T101	C0030705
27473209	774	782	patients	T101	C0030705
27473209	793	796	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	801	820	univariate analyses	T062	C0683962
27473209	822	825	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	830	845	associated with	T080	C0332281
27473209	846	855	older age	T032	C0001779
27473209	857	886	higher initial blood pressure	T033	C0436789
27473209	888	912	antiplatelet medications	T121	C0085826
27473209	914	928	anticoagulants	T121	C0003280
27473209	930	953	subarachnoid hemorrhage	T047	C0038525
27473209	955	958	SAH	T047	C0038525
27473209	960	977	subdural hematoma	T046	C0018946
27473209	979	982	SDH	T046	C0018946
27473209	985	999	skull fracture	T037	C0037304
27473209	1001	1008	frontal	T023	C0016732
27473209	1009	1018	contusion	T037	C0009938
27473209	1020	1026	larger	T081	C0549177
27473209	1027	1036	contusion	T037	C0009938
27473209	1037	1043	volume	T081	C0449468
27473209	1049	1065	shorter interval	T079	C1272706
27473209	1071	1077	injury	T037	C0178314
27473209	1081	1091	initial CT	T060	C0040405
27473209	1100	1111	final model	T170	C3161035
27473209	1113	1116	SAH	T047	C0038525
27473209	1118	1120	OR	T081	C0028873
27473209	1132	1134	CI	T081	C0009667
27473209	1149	1152	SDH	T046	C0018946
27473209	1154	1156	OR	T081	C0028873
27473209	1168	1170	CI	T081	C0009667
27473209	1188	1202	skull fracture	T037	C0037304
27473209	1204	1206	OR	T081	C0028873
27473209	1218	1220	CI	T081	C0009667
27473209	1238	1253	associated with	T080	C0332281
27473209	1254	1257	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	1274	1281	factors	T169	C1521761
27473209	1287	1290	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	1291	1296	Score	T081	C0449820
27473209	1301	1308	derived	T080	C1441547
27473209	1310	1313	SAH	T047	C0038525
27473209	1326	1329	SDH	T046	C0018946
27473209	1345	1359	skull fracture	T037	C0037304
27473209	1377	1382	score	T081	C0449820
27473209	1405	1429	receiver operating curve	T081	C0035787
27473209	1439	1447	Patients	T101	C0030705
27473209	1455	1460	score	T081	C0449820
27473209	1480	1489	incidence	T081	C0021149
27473209	1493	1496	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	1504	1512	patients	T101	C0030705
27473209	1520	1525	score	T081	C0449820
27473209	1546	1555	incidence	T081	C0021149
27473209	1559	1562	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	1573	1576	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	1577	1582	Score	T081	C0449820
27473209	1607	1611	risk	T078	C0035647
27473209	1612	1626	stratification	T169	C1514984
27473209	1630	1633	HPC	T037	C0009938
27473209	1637	1645	patients	T101	C0030705
27473209	1651	1659	moderate	T037	C3508473
27473209	1663	1673	severe TBI	T037	C3508474

27473375|t|Intensive social cognitive treatment (can do treatment) with participation of support partners in persons with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: observation of improved self-efficacy, quality of life, anxiety and depression 1 year later
27473375|a|In persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) self-efficacy positively affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical activity. In a previous study we observed that 6 months after an intensive 3- day social cognitive treatment (Can Do treatment) with the participation of support partners, self-efficacy and HRQoL had improved in persons with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS). Given the chronic nature of the disease, it is important to know whether these beneficial changes may last. Can Do treatment was given to 60 persons with MS and their support partners. At baseline and 12 months after treatment self-efficacy control, self-efficacy function, physical and mental HRQoL, anxiety, depression and fatigue were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Differences were tested via a paired t test. Of the 57 persons with MS that completed the baseline assessment and the 3- day treatment, 38 filled in the 12th month questionnaires (response rate 66.7 %), 22 with RRMS and 14 with progressive MS. In the RR group self-efficacy control had increased by 20.2 % and physical HRQoL by 15.0 %, and depression and anxiety had decreased by 29.8 and 25.9 %, respectively (all P < 0.05); the changes in mental HRQoL (+17 %) and fatigue (-20 %) failed to be statistically significant (P = 0.087, P = 0.080, respectively). In the progressive group no changes suggestive of improvement were seen. The findings suggest that a 3- day intensive social cognitive treatment (Can Do treatment) with the participation of support partners may have long lasting beneficial effects on the self-efficacy and HRQoL in persons with RRMS; and that improvements in anxiety and depression, not seen in the 6- month study, may yet develop at 12 months.
27473375	10	16	social	T169	C0728831
27473375	17	36	cognitive treatment	T061	C0009244
27473375	45	54	treatment	T169	C1522326
27473375	61	74	participation	T169	C0679823
27473375	86	94	partners	T098	C3887537
27473375	98	105	persons	T098	C0027361
27473375	111	149	relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis	T047	C0751967
27473375	151	162	observation	T058	C0700325
27473375	166	174	improved	T033	C0184511
27473375	175	188	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27473375	190	205	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27473375	207	214	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27473375	219	229	depression	T048	C0011570
27473375	232	236	year	T079	C0439234
27473375	246	253	persons	T098	C0027361
27473375	259	277	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27473375	279	281	MS	T047	C0026769
27473375	283	296	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27473375	297	307	positively	T033	C1446409
27473375	316	346	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27473375	348	353	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27473375	359	376	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27473375	401	409	observed	T169	C1441672
27473375	417	423	months	T079	C0439231
27473375	446	449	day	T079	C0439228
27473375	450	456	social	T169	C0728831
27473375	457	476	cognitive treatment	T061	C0009244
27473375	485	494	treatment	T169	C1522326
27473375	505	518	participation	T169	C0679823
27473375	530	538	partners	T098	C3887537
27473375	540	553	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27473375	558	563	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27473375	568	576	improved	T033	C0184511
27473375	580	587	persons	T098	C0027361
27473375	593	615	relapsing remitting MS	T047	C0751967
27473375	617	621	RRMS	T047	C0751967
27473375	634	641	chronic	T079	C0205191
27473375	642	663	nature of the disease	T080	C0449786
27473375	703	713	beneficial	T081	C0814225
27473375	714	721	changes	T169	C0392747
27473375	739	748	treatment	T169	C1522326
27473375	765	772	persons	T098	C0027361
27473375	778	780	MS	T047	C0026769
27473375	799	807	partners	T098	C3887537
27473375	812	820	baseline	T081	C1442488
27473375	828	834	months	T079	C0439231
27473375	841	850	treatment	T061	C0087111
27473375	851	864	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27473375	865	872	control	T169	C2587213
27473375	874	887	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27473375	888	896	function	T169	C0542341
27473375	898	906	physical	T169	C0205485
27473375	911	917	mental	T041	C0025353
27473375	918	923	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27473375	925	932	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27473375	934	944	depression	T048	C0011570
27473375	949	956	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27473375	962	970	assessed	T052	C1516048
27473375	975	986	self-report	T062	C2700446
27473375	987	1001	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27473375	1003	1014	Differences	T080	C1705242
27473375	1020	1026	tested	T169	C0039593
27473375	1033	1046	paired t test	T170	C1709451
27473375	1058	1065	persons	T098	C0027361
27473375	1071	1073	MS	T047	C0026769
27473375	1079	1088	completed	T080	C0205197
27473375	1093	1101	baseline	T081	C1442488
27473375	1102	1112	assessment	T052	C1516048
27473375	1124	1127	day	T079	C0439228
27473375	1128	1137	treatment	T169	C1522326
27473375	1161	1166	month	T079	C0439231
27473375	1167	1181	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27473375	1183	1191	response	T033	C1704632
27473375	1192	1196	rate	T081	C1521828
27473375	1214	1218	RRMS	T047	C0751967
27473375	1231	1242	progressive	T169	C0205329
27473375	1243	1245	MS	T047	C0026769
27473375	1254	1256	RR	T047	C0751967
27473375	1257	1262	group	T078	C0441833
27473375	1263	1276	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27473375	1277	1284	control	T169	C2587213
27473375	1289	1298	increased	T081	C0205217
27473375	1313	1321	physical	T169	C0205485
27473375	1322	1327	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27473375	1343	1353	depression	T048	C0011570
27473375	1358	1365	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27473375	1370	1379	decreased	T081	C0205216
27473375	1433	1440	changes	T169	C0392747
27473375	1444	1450	mental	T041	C0025353
27473375	1451	1456	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27473375	1469	1476	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27473375	1485	1491	failed	T169	C0231175
27473375	1498	1523	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27473375	1569	1580	progressive	T169	C0205329
27473375	1581	1586	group	T078	C0441833
27473375	1590	1597	changes	T169	C0392747
27473375	1598	1611	suggestive of	T169	C0332299
27473375	1612	1623	improvement	T077	C2986411
27473375	1639	1647	findings	T169	C2607943
27473375	1648	1655	suggest	T078	C1705535
27473375	1666	1669	day	T079	C0439228
27473375	1680	1686	social	T169	C0728831
27473375	1687	1706	cognitive treatment	T061	C0009244
27473375	1715	1724	treatment	T169	C1522326
27473375	1735	1748	participation	T169	C0679823
27473375	1760	1768	partners	T098	C3887537
27473375	1778	1790	long lasting	T079	C1254367
27473375	1791	1801	beneficial	T081	C0814225
27473375	1802	1809	effects	T080	C1280500
27473375	1817	1830	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27473375	1835	1840	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27473375	1844	1851	persons	T098	C0027361
27473375	1857	1861	RRMS	T047	C0751967
27473375	1872	1884	improvements	T077	C2986411
27473375	1888	1895	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27473375	1900	1910	depression	T048	C0011570
27473375	1931	1936	month	T079	C0439231
27473375	1952	1959	develop	T169	C1527148
27473375	1966	1972	months	T079	C0439231

27473380|t|Perineal injuries and birth positions among 2992 women with a low risk pregnancy who opted for a homebirth
27473380|a|Whether certain birth positions are associated with perineal injuries and severe perineal trauma (SPT) is still unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of perineal injuries of different severity in a low-risk population of women who planned to give birth at home and to compare the prevalence of perineal injuries, SPT and episiotomy in different birth positions in four Nordic countries. A population -based prospective cohort study of planned home births in four Nordic countries. To assess medical outcomes a questionnaire completed after birth by the attending midwife was used. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Two thousand nine hundred ninety-two women with planned home births, who birthed spontaneously at home or after transfer to hospital, between 2008 and 2013 were included. The prevalence of SPT was 0.7 % and the prevalence of episiotomy was 1.0 %. There were differences between the countries regarding all maternal characteristics. No association between flexible sacrum positions and sutured perineal injuries was found (OR 1.02; 95 % CI 0.86-1.21) or SPT (OR 0.68; CI 95 % 0.26-1.79). Flexible sacrum positions were associated with fewer episiotomies (OR 0.20; CI 95 % 0.10-0.54). A low prevalence of SPT and episiotomy was found among women opting for a home birth in four Nordic countries. Women used a variety of birth positions and a majority gave birth in flexible sacrum positions. No associations were found between flexible sacrum positions and SPT. Flexible sacrum positions were associated with fewer episiotomies.
27473380	0	17	Perineal injuries	T037	C3544174
27473380	22	37	birth positions	T033	C0243095
27473380	49	54	women	T098	C0043210
27473380	62	80	low risk pregnancy	T033	C0404841
27473380	97	106	homebirth	T033	C0419367
27473380	123	138	birth positions	T033	C0243095
27473380	143	158	associated with	T080	C0332281
27473380	159	176	perineal injuries	T037	C3544174
27473380	181	203	severe perineal trauma	UnknownType	C0559034
27473380	205	208	SPT	UnknownType	C0559034
27473380	219	226	unclear	T033	C3845108
27473380	232	241	objective	T170	C0018017
27473380	250	255	study	T062	C2603343
27473380	276	286	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27473380	290	307	perineal injuries	T037	C3544174
27473380	321	329	severity	T080	C0439793
27473380	335	343	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27473380	344	354	population	T098	C1257890
27473380	358	363	women	T098	C0043210
27473380	384	397	birth at home	T033	C0419367
27473380	417	427	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27473380	431	448	perineal injuries	T037	C3544174
27473380	450	453	SPT	UnknownType	C0559034
27473380	458	468	episiotomy	T061	C0014586
27473380	482	497	birth positions	T033	C0243095
27473380	506	522	Nordic countries	T083	C0036273
27473380	526	536	population	T098	C1257890
27473380	544	568	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
27473380	580	591	home births	T033	C0419367
27473380	600	616	Nordic countries	T083	C0036273
27473380	621	644	assess medical outcomes	T057	C3824997
27473380	647	660	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27473380	677	682	birth	T040	C0005615
27473380	700	707	midwife	T097	C0026083
27473380	718	740	Descriptive statistics	T062	C1710191
27473380	742	760	bivariate analysis	UnknownType	C0681927
27473380	765	784	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27473380	810	814	data	T078	C1511726
27473380	853	858	women	T098	C0043210
27473380	872	883	home births	T033	C0419367
27473380	914	918	home	T082	C0442519
27473380	928	948	transfer to hospital	T058	C0184736
27473380	991	1001	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27473380	1005	1008	SPT	UnknownType	C0559034
27473380	1027	1037	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27473380	1041	1051	episiotomy	T061	C0014586
27473380	1122	1130	maternal	T033	C1858460
27473380	1131	1146	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27473380	1171	1179	flexible	T080	C0443220
27473380	1180	1186	sacrum	T029	C3669209
27473380	1187	1196	positions	T082	C0733755
27473380	1201	1208	sutured	T169	C0205368
27473380	1209	1226	perineal injuries	T037	C3544174
27473380	1238	1240	OR	T081	C0028873
27473380	1252	1254	CI	T081	C0009667
27473380	1269	1272	SPT	UnknownType	C0559034
27473380	1274	1276	OR	T081	C0028873
27473380	1283	1285	CI	T081	C0009667
27473380	1303	1311	Flexible	T080	C0443220
27473380	1312	1318	sacrum	T029	C3669209
27473380	1319	1328	positions	T082	C0733755
27473380	1334	1349	associated with	T080	C0332281
27473380	1356	1368	episiotomies	T061	C0014586
27473380	1370	1372	OR	T081	C0028873
27473380	1379	1381	CI	T081	C0009667
27473380	1405	1415	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27473380	1419	1422	SPT	UnknownType	C0559034
27473380	1427	1437	episiotomy	T061	C0014586
27473380	1454	1459	women	T098	C0043210
27473380	1473	1483	home birth	T033	C0419367
27473380	1492	1508	Nordic countries	T083	C0036273
27473380	1510	1515	Women	T098	C0043210
27473380	1534	1549	birth positions	T033	C0243095
27473380	1570	1575	birth	T040	C0005615
27473380	1579	1587	flexible	T080	C0443220
27473380	1588	1594	sacrum	T029	C3669209
27473380	1595	1604	positions	T082	C0733755
27473380	1641	1649	flexible	T080	C0443220
27473380	1650	1656	sacrum	T029	C3669209
27473380	1657	1666	positions	T082	C0733755
27473380	1671	1674	SPT	UnknownType	C0559034
27473380	1676	1684	Flexible	T080	C0443220
27473380	1685	1691	sacrum	T029	C3669209
27473380	1692	1701	positions	T082	C0733755
27473380	1707	1722	associated with	T080	C0332281
27473380	1729	1741	episiotomies	T061	C0014586

27473429|t|Parallel-processing continuous-flow device for optimization - free polymerase chain reaction
27473429|a|A parallel-processing four-station polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device has been developed, which performs continuous-flow PCR without optimization of the annealing temperature. Since the annealing temperature of each station can be controlled independently, the device covers an annealing temperature range of 50-68 °C, which is wide enough to perform PCR for any DNA fragment regardless of its optimum annealing condition. This arrangement lets us continuously obtain an amplified amount of a DNA fragment at least from one of the stations. The device consists of four identical cylindrical stations (diameter 20 mm, height 55 mm). A polytetrafluoroethylene capillary reactor (length 2 m, I.D. 100 μm, O.D. 400 μm) is wound helically up around each station. The whole assembly is designed to minimize the number of heating blocks (for providing temperatures of denaturation, annealing, and extension) to be seven and to shape a compact cube (height 55 mm, base 60 mm × 60 mm). The reproducibility for continuous-flow PCR is reasonably high (run -to- run and station -to- station relative standard deviation of their amplification is lower than 6 % and about 4 %, respectively). Performance on the optimization - free DNA amplification has been evaluated with four DNA samples with different annealing conditions and product sizes (323, 608, 828, and 1101 bp), which has demonstrated that in all cases, PCR is successful at least on one station. In addition, three DNA fragment s with different lengths (323, 1101, and 2836 bp) have been successfully amplified in a segmented - flow mode without the carry-over contamination between segments. This result suggests that this device could serve as the PCR module of a continuous-flow high-throughput on-line total DNA analysis system integrating all necessary modules from cell lysis / DNA extraction to PCR product analysis.
27473429	0	19	Parallel-processing	T066	C0597171
27473429	20	42	continuous-flow device	T074	C0179969
27473429	47	59	optimization	T052	C2698650
27473429	62	66	free	T169	C0332296
27473429	67	92	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27473429	95	114	parallel-processing	T066	C0597171
27473429	115	153	four-station polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27473429	155	158	PCR	T063	C0032520
27473429	160	166	device	T073	C0699733
27473429	193	201	performs	T169	C0884358
27473429	202	217	continuous-flow	T070	C0806140
27473429	218	221	PCR	T063	C0032520
27473429	230	242	optimization	T052	C2698650
27473429	250	259	annealing	T045	C0920681
27473429	260	271	temperature	T081	C0039476
27473429	283	292	annealing	T045	C0920681
27473429	293	304	temperature	T081	C0039476
27473429	313	320	station	T073	C1883167
27473429	328	338	controlled	T169	C2587213
27473429	339	352	independently	T169	C0332291
27473429	358	364	device	T073	C0699733
27473429	365	371	covers	T169	C1999244
27473429	375	384	annealing	T045	C0920681
27473429	385	396	temperature	T081	C0039476
27473429	397	402	range	T081	C1514721
27473429	425	429	wide	T082	C0332464
27473429	440	447	perform	T169	C0884358
27473429	448	451	PCR	T063	C0032520
27473429	460	472	DNA fragment	UnknownType	C0684192
27473429	491	498	optimum	T080	C2698651
27473429	499	508	annealing	T045	C0920681
27473429	509	518	condition	T080	C0348080
27473429	525	536	arrangement	T169	C0870432
27473429	545	557	continuously	T078	C0549178
27473429	558	564	obtain	T169	C1301820
27473429	568	577	amplified	T067	C1521871
27473429	578	584	amount	T081	C1265611
27473429	590	602	DNA fragment	UnknownType	C0684192
27473429	628	636	stations	T073	C1883167
27473429	642	648	device	T073	C0699733
27473429	666	675	identical	T080	C0205280
27473429	676	687	cylindrical	T082	C0205114
27473429	688	696	stations	T073	C1883167
27473429	698	706	diameter	T081	C1301886
27473429	714	720	height	T032	C0489786
27473429	731	754	polytetrafluoroethylene	T109,T122	C0032611
27473429	755	772	capillary reactor	T074	C0376432
27473429	774	780	length	T081	C1444754
27473429	815	830	wound helically	T082	C0231467
27473429	831	833	up	T082	C1282911
27473429	834	840	around	T078	C0750503
27473429	846	853	station	T073	C1883167
27473429	865	873	assembly	T052	C1706853
27473429	877	885	designed	T052	C1707689
27473429	889	897	minimize	T080	C1524031
27473429	902	908	number	T081	C0237753
27473429	912	926	heating blocks	T074	C0181153
27473429	932	941	providing	T052	C1999230
27473429	942	954	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27473429	958	970	denaturation	T044	C0301642
27473429	972	981	annealing	T045	C0920681
27473429	987	996	extension	T169	C0231448
27473429	1017	1022	shape	T082	C0332479
27473429	1025	1032	compact	T033	C1333134
27473429	1033	1037	cube	T082	C1880194
27473429	1039	1045	height	T032	C0489786
27473429	1053	1057	base	T081	C1626935
27473429	1078	1093	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27473429	1098	1113	continuous-flow	T070	C0806140
27473429	1114	1117	PCR	T063	C0032520
27473429	1132	1136	high	T080	C0205250
27473429	1138	1141	run	T169	C1704688
27473429	1147	1150	run	T169	C1704688
27473429	1155	1162	station	T073	C1883167
27473429	1168	1175	station	T073	C1883167
27473429	1185	1203	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27473429	1213	1226	amplification	T045	C0683230
27473429	1275	1286	Performance	T052	C1882330
27473429	1294	1306	optimization	T052	C2698650
27473429	1309	1313	free	T169	C0332296
27473429	1314	1331	DNA amplification	T045	C0683230
27473429	1341	1350	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27473429	1361	1372	DNA samples	T026	C0444245
27473429	1378	1387	different	T080	C1705242
27473429	1388	1397	annealing	T045	C0920681
27473429	1398	1408	conditions	T080	C0348080
27473429	1413	1420	product	T071	C1514468
27473429	1421	1426	sizes	T082	C0456389
27473429	1467	1479	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
27473429	1492	1497	cases	T169	C0868928
27473429	1499	1502	PCR	T063	C0032520
27473429	1506	1516	successful	T080	C1272703
27473429	1533	1540	station	T073	C1883167
27473429	1545	1553	addition	T169	C0332287
27473429	1561	1573	DNA fragment	UnknownType	C0684192
27473429	1581	1590	different	T080	C1705242
27473429	1591	1598	lengths	T081	C1444754
27473429	1634	1646	successfully	T080	C1272703
27473429	1647	1656	amplified	T067	C1521871
27473429	1662	1671	segmented	T082	C0442059
27473429	1674	1678	flow	T070	C0806140
27473429	1679	1683	mode	T169	C1513371
27473429	1707	1720	contamination	T078	C2349974
27473429	1729	1737	segments	T082	C0442059
27473429	1744	1750	result	T169	C1274040
27473429	1770	1776	device	T073	C0699733
27473429	1796	1799	PCR	T063	C0032520
27473429	1800	1806	module	T077	C1709061
27473429	1812	1827	continuous-flow	T070	C0806140
27473429	1828	1870	high-throughput on-line total DNA analysis	T060	C0872186
27473429	1871	1877	system	T169	C0449913
27473429	1878	1889	integrating	T080	C0205195
27473429	1904	1911	modules	T077	C1709061
27473429	1917	1921	cell	T025	C0007634
27473429	1922	1927	lysis	T046	C0024348
27473429	1930	1944	DNA extraction	T063	C3839098
27473429	1948	1951	PCR	T063	C0032520
27473429	1952	1959	product	T071	C1514468
27473429	1960	1968	analysis	T062	C0936012

27473602|t|S-Nitrosylation Induces Structural and Dynamical Changes in a Rhodanese Family Protein
27473602|a|S-Nitrosylation is well established as an important post-translational regulator in protein function and signaling. However, relatively little is known about its structural and dynamical consequences. We have investigated the effects of S-nitrosylation on the rhodanese domain of the Escherichia coli integral membrane protein YgaP by NMR, X-ray crystallography, and mass spectrometry. The results show that the active cysteine in the rhodanese domain of YgaP is subjected to two competing modifications: S-nitrosylation and S-sulfhydration, which are naturally occurring in vivo. It has been observed that in addition to inhibition of the sulfur transfer activity, S-nitrosylation of the active site residue Cys63 causes an increase in slow motion and a displacement of helix 5 due to a weakening of the interaction between the active site and the helix dipole. These findings provide an example of how nitrosative stress can exert action at the atomic level.
27473602	0	15	S-Nitrosylation	T044	C1159123
27473602	24	34	Structural	T082	C0678594
27473602	39	48	Dynamical	T169	C0729333
27473602	49	56	Changes	T169	C0392747
27473602	62	78	Rhodanese Family	T116,T126	C0039949
27473602	79	86	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27473602	87	102	S-Nitrosylation	T044	C1159123
27473602	139	167	post-translational regulator	T044	C0033666
27473602	171	187	protein function	T044	C1527118
27473602	192	201	signaling	T038	C3537152
27473602	249	259	structural	T082	C0678594
27473602	264	273	dynamical	T169	C0729333
27473602	274	286	consequences	T169	C0686907
27473602	296	308	investigated	T169	C1292732
27473602	313	323	effects of	T080	C1704420
27473602	324	339	S-nitrosylation	T044	C1159123
27473602	347	363	rhodanese domain	T087	C1514562
27473602	371	387	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27473602	388	413	integral membrane protein	T116	C0021699
27473602	414	418	YgaP	T116,T123	C2355112
27473602	422	425	NMR	T070	C0028580
27473602	427	448	X-ray crystallography	T059	C0206755
27473602	454	471	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27473602	499	514	active cysteine	T116,T123	C0010654
27473602	522	538	rhodanese domain	T087	C1514562
27473602	542	546	YgaP	T116,T123	C2355112
27473602	577	590	modifications	T044	C0033666
27473602	592	607	S-nitrosylation	T044	C1159123
27473602	612	627	S-sulfhydration	T044	C3272058
27473602	659	666	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27473602	694	708	in addition to	T169	C0332287
27473602	709	719	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27473602	727	751	sulfur transfer activity	T044	C2261955
27473602	753	768	S-nitrosylation	T044	C1159123
27473602	776	787	active site	T169	C0205681
27473602	796	801	Cys63	T116,T123	C0010654
27473602	824	835	slow motion	T070	C0026597
27473602	842	854	displacement	T082	C0012727
27473602	858	865	helix 5	T082	C1704821
27473602	875	884	weakening	T080	C1762617
27473602	892	903	interaction	T169	C1704675
27473602	916	927	active site	T169	C0205681
27473602	936	941	helix	T082	C1704821
27473602	942	948	dipole	UnknownType	C0813981
27473602	956	964	findings	T033	C0243095
27473602	991	1026	nitrosative stress can exert action	T039	C1657297
27473602	1034	1046	atomic level	T080	C0441889

27473877|t|Expressing sexuality in nursing homes. The experience of older women: A qualitative study
27473877|a|In nursing homes, a number of barriers to the expression of sexuality exist, such as the lack of privacy, certain attitudes on behalf of the staff and the family, the lack of a sexual partner, and physical limitations. The aim of this study was to describe the lived experience of sexuality in elderly Spanish women residing in nursing homes. A qualitative phenomenological approach was followed. Data were collected over an 18- month period between 2013 and 2015. Purposeful sampling was conducted with Spanish residents in nursing homes in Madrid. Data were collected using unstructured and semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Twenty female residents participated. Three main themes emerged from the data: a) expressing sexuality, b) sexuality as a duty and c) respecting vows. Female residents reported key elements influencing how they manage their sexuality in Nursing Homes. These results serve to improve our understanding regarding the expression of sexuality in older female nursing home residents.
27473877	0	10	Expressing	T055	C0565975
27473877	11	20	sexuality	T053	C0036915
27473877	24	37	nursing homes	T073,T093	C0028688
27473877	43	53	experience	T055	C0683573
27473877	57	68	older women	T098	C0043210
27473877	72	89	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
27473877	93	106	nursing homes	T073,T093	C0028688
27473877	120	128	barriers	T080	C4045969
27473877	136	146	expression	T055	C0565975
27473877	150	159	sexuality	T053	C0036915
27473877	160	165	exist	T077	C2987476
27473877	179	194	lack of privacy	T033	C2712041
27473877	204	213	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27473877	231	236	staff	T097	C0028698
27473877	245	251	family	T099	C0015576
27473877	267	281	sexual partner	T098	C0036911
27473877	287	307	physical limitations	T033	C0243095
27473877	325	330	study	T062	C0949415
27473877	351	367	lived experience	T055	C0683573
27473877	371	380	sexuality	T053	C0036915
27473877	384	405	elderly Spanish women	T098	C3161473
27473877	418	431	nursing homes	T073,T093	C0028688
27473877	435	472	qualitative phenomenological approach	T062	C0949415
27473877	487	491	Data	T078	C1511726
27473877	497	506	collected	T062	C0010995
27473877	519	531	month period	T079	C0439231
27473877	566	574	sampling	T078	C0870078
27473877	594	611	Spanish residents	T098	C2347958
27473877	615	628	nursing homes	T073,T093	C0028688
27473877	632	638	Madrid	T083	C0017446
27473877	640	644	Data	T078	C1511726
27473877	666	709	unstructured and semi-structured interviews	T052	C0021822
27473877	715	719	data	T078	C1511726
27473877	725	733	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27473877	740	757	thematic analysis	T062	C0242481
27473877	766	772	female	T032	C0086287
27473877	773	782	residents	T098	C2347958
27473877	808	814	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27473877	832	836	data	T078	C1511726
27473877	841	851	expressing	T055	C0565975
27473877	852	861	sexuality	T053	C0036915
27473877	866	875	sexuality	T053	C0036915
27473877	881	885	duty	T058	C0028702
27473877	904	908	vows	T079	C1254367
27473877	910	916	Female	T032	C0086287
27473877	917	926	residents	T098	C2347958
27473877	970	976	manage	T058	C0184516
27473877	983	992	sexuality	T053	C0036915
27473877	996	1009	Nursing Homes	T073,T093	C0028688
27473877	1074	1084	expression	T055	C0565975
27473877	1088	1097	sexuality	T053	C0036915
27473877	1101	1113	older female	T032	C0086287
27473877	1114	1126	nursing home	T073,T093	C0028688
27473877	1127	1136	residents	T098	C2347958

27473951|t|Assessing sex-differences and the effect of timing of vaccination on immunogenicity, reactogenicity and efficacy of vaccines in young children: study protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
27473951|a|Disease incidence differs between males and females for some infectious or inflammatory diseases. Sex-differences in immune responses to some vaccines have also been observed, mostly to viral vaccines in adults. Little evidence is available on whether sex-differences occur in response to immunisation in infancy even though this is the age group in which most vaccines are administered. Factors other than sex, such as timing or coadministration of other vaccines, can also influence the immune response to vaccination. Individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of vaccines in healthy infants and young children will be conducted. Fully anonymised data from ∼170 randomised controlled trials of v accines for diphtheria, tetanus, Bordetella pertussis, polio, Haemophilus influenzae type B, hepatitis B, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, measles, mumps, rubella, varicella and rotavirus will be combined for analysis. Outcomes include measures of immunogenicity (immunoglobulins), reactogenicity, safety and disease -specific clinical efficacy. Data from trials of vaccines containing similar components will be combined in hierarchical models and the effect of sex and timing of vaccinations estimated for each outcome separately. Systematic reviews of published estimates of sex-differences cannot adequately answer questions in this field since such comparisons are never the main purpose of a clinical trial, thus a large degree of reporting bias exists in the published literature. Recent improvements in the widespread availability of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials makes it feasible to conduct extensive individual participant data meta-analyses which were previously impossible, thereby reducing the effect of publication or reporting bias on the understanding of the infant immune response. Preliminary results will be available in 2016 with final results available in 2019. No ethics review is required for secondary analyses of anonymised data.
27473951	0	9	Assessing	T052	C1516048
27473951	10	25	sex-differences	T032	C0036866
27473951	34	40	effect	T080	C1280500
27473951	44	50	timing	T079	C0449243
27473951	54	65	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27473951	69	83	immunogenicity	T038	C4277607
27473951	85	99	reactogenicity	T033	C1691781
27473951	104	124	efficacy of vaccines	T033	C3242199
27473951	128	133	young	T079	C0332239
27473951	134	142	children	T100	C0008059
27473951	144	158	study protocol	T170	C2348563
27473951	166	176	individual	T098	C0237401
27473951	177	188	participant	T098	C0679646
27473951	189	193	data	T078	C1511726
27473951	194	207	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27473951	211	239	randomised controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27473951	240	247	Disease	T047	C0012634
27473951	248	257	incidence	T081	C0021149
27473951	274	279	males	T032	C0086582
27473951	284	291	females	T032	C0086287
27473951	301	311	infectious	T047	C0009450
27473951	315	336	inflammatory diseases	T047	C1290884
27473951	338	353	Sex-differences	T032	C0036866
27473951	357	373	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27473951	382	390	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27473951	426	440	viral vaccines	T121,T129	C0042742
27473951	444	450	adults	T100	C0001675
27473951	459	467	evidence	T078	C3887511
27473951	471	480	available	T169	C0470187
27473951	492	507	sex-differences	T032	C0036866
27473951	517	525	response	T033	C1704632
27473951	529	541	immunisation	T061	C0020971
27473951	545	552	infancy	T079	C0231330
27473951	577	586	age group	T100	C0027362
27473951	601	609	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27473951	614	626	administered	T169	C1521801
27473951	628	635	Factors	T169	C1521761
27473951	647	650	sex	T032	C1522384
27473951	660	666	timing	T079	C0449243
27473951	670	686	coadministration	T061	C1533734
27473951	696	704	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27473951	715	724	influence	T077	C4054723
27473951	729	744	immune response	T042	C0301872
27473951	748	759	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27473951	761	771	Individual	T098	C0237401
27473951	772	783	participant	T098	C0679646
27473951	784	788	data	T078	C1511726
27473951	789	802	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27473951	806	834	randomised controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27473951	838	846	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27473951	858	865	infants	T100	C0021270
27473951	870	875	young	T079	C0332239
27473951	876	884	children	T100	C0008059
27473951	921	925	data	T078	C1511726
27473951	936	964	randomised controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27473951	970	977	accines	T121,T129	C0042210
27473951	982	992	diphtheria	T047	C0012546
27473951	994	1001	tetanus	T047	C0039614
27473951	1003	1023	Bordetella pertussis	T007	C0006017
27473951	1025	1030	polio	T047	C0032371
27473951	1032	1061	Haemophilus influenzae type B	T007	C0121772
27473951	1063	1074	hepatitis B	T047	C0019163
27473951	1076	1100	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27473951	1102	1124	Neisseria meningitidis	T007	C0027575
27473951	1126	1133	measles	T047	C0025007
27473951	1135	1140	mumps	T047	C0026780
27473951	1142	1149	rubella	T047	C0035920
27473951	1151	1160	varicella	T047	C0008049
27473951	1165	1174	rotavirus	T005	C0035870
27473951	1196	1204	analysis	T062	C0936012
27473951	1206	1214	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27473951	1223	1231	measures	T169	C1879489
27473951	1235	1249	immunogenicity	T038	C4277607
27473951	1251	1266	immunoglobulins	T116,T129	C0021027
27473951	1269	1283	reactogenicity	T033	C1691781
27473951	1285	1291	safety	T068	C0036043
27473951	1296	1303	disease	T047	C0012634
27473951	1314	1331	clinical efficacy	T080	C3850123
27473951	1333	1337	Data	T078	C1511726
27473951	1343	1349	trials	T062	C0008976
27473951	1353	1361	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27473951	1381	1391	components	T073	C0449432
27473951	1412	1424	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
27473951	1425	1431	models	T170	C3161035
27473951	1440	1446	effect	T080	C1280500
27473951	1450	1453	sex	T032	C1522384
27473951	1458	1464	timing	T079	C0449243
27473951	1468	1480	vaccinations	T061	C0042196
27473951	1500	1507	outcome	T169	C1274040
27473951	1520	1538	Systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
27473951	1542	1551	published	T057	C0034037
27473951	1565	1580	sex-differences	T032	C0036866
27473951	1599	1615	answer questions	T061	C0508431
27473951	1624	1629	field	T077	C1521738
27473951	1641	1652	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27473951	1672	1679	purpose	T169	C1285529
27473951	1685	1699	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27473951	1708	1713	large	T081	C0549177
27473951	1714	1720	degree	T081	C0449286
27473951	1724	1733	reporting	T058	C0700287
27473951	1734	1738	bias	T078	C0242568
27473951	1739	1745	exists	T077	C2987476
27473951	1753	1762	published	T057	C0034037
27473951	1763	1773	literature	T170	C0023866
27473951	1782	1794	improvements	T077	C2986411
27473951	1802	1812	widespread	T082	C0205391
27473951	1813	1828	availability of	T169	C0470187
27473951	1829	1839	individual	T098	C0237401
27473951	1840	1851	participant	T098	C0679646
27473951	1852	1856	data	T078	C1511726
27473951	1862	1890	randomised controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27473951	1920	1929	extensive	T080	C0205231
27473951	1930	1940	individual	T098	C0237401
27473951	1941	1952	participant	T098	C0679646
27473951	1953	1957	data	T078	C1511726
27473951	1958	1971	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
27473951	1983	1993	previously	T079	C0205156
27473951	1994	2004	impossible	T033	C0243095
27473951	2014	2022	reducing	T080	C0392756
27473951	2027	2033	effect	T080	C1280500
27473951	2037	2048	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27473951	2052	2061	reporting	T058	C0700287
27473951	2062	2066	bias	T078	C0242568
27473951	2074	2087	understanding	T041	C0162340
27473951	2095	2101	infant	T100	C0021270
27473951	2102	2117	immune response	T042	C0301872
27473951	2119	2138	Preliminary results	T078	C1548161
27473951	2147	2156	available	T169	C0470187
27473951	2176	2183	results	T169	C1274040
27473951	2184	2193	available	T169	C0470187
27473951	2203	2205	No	T169	C0332197
27473951	2206	2212	ethics	T078	C0015000
27473951	2213	2219	review	T170	C0282443
27473951	2236	2254	secondary analyses	UnknownType	C0683944
27473951	2269	2273	data	T078	C1511726

27474557|t|Xylan-based temperature / pH sensitive hydrogels for drug controlled release
27474557|a|Xylan-based temperature / pH sensitive hydrogels were prepared by the crosslinking copolymerization of xylan with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) and acrylic acid (AA) using N,Ń-methylenebis-acrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linker and 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone as a photoinitiator via ultraviolet irradiation. The influence of the NIPAm, AA and MBA amount on properties of xylan-based hydrogels was discussed. The morphology and interactions of hydrogels were characterized by SEM and FTIR. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of hydrogels was investigated by DSC. The results indicated that the LCST of hydrogels emerged at around 34°C and increased with increasing the AA content. The drug encapsulation efficiency of as-prepared hydrogels reached to 97.60% and the cumulative release rate of acetylsalicylic acid was 90.12% and 26.35% in the intestinal and gastric fluid, respectively. Xylan-based hydrogels were proved to be biocompatible with NIH3T3 cell by MTT assay and showed the promising application as drug carriers for the intestinal - targeted oral drug delivery.
27474557	0	11	Xylan-based	T109	C0062221
27474557	12	23	temperature	T081	C0039476
27474557	26	28	pH	T081	C0020283
27474557	29	38	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27474557	39	48	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27474557	53	76	drug controlled release	T122	C1707506
27474557	77	88	Xylan-based	T109	C0062221
27474557	89	100	temperature	T081	C0039476
27474557	103	105	pH	T081	C0020283
27474557	106	115	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27474557	116	125	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27474557	147	176	crosslinking copolymerization	T044	C1880180
27474557	180	185	xylan	T109	C0062221
27474557	191	212	N-isopropylacrylamide	T109	C0083668
27474557	214	219	NIPAm	T109	C0083668
27474557	225	237	acrylic acid	T109,T122	C1321887
27474557	239	241	AA	T109,T122	C1321887
27474557	249	277	N,Ń-methylenebis-acrylamide	T109,T130	C0067314
27474557	279	282	MBA	T109,T130	C0067314
27474557	289	301	cross-linker	T130	C0034760
27474557	306	340	2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone	T109	C1121773
27474557	346	360	photoinitiator	T109	C0029224
27474557	365	388	ultraviolet irradiation	T070	C0041625
27474557	394	403	influence	T077	C4054723
27474557	411	416	NIPAm	T109	C0083668
27474557	418	420	AA	T109,T122	C1321887
27474557	425	428	MBA	T109,T130	C0067314
27474557	453	464	xylan-based	T109	C0062221
27474557	465	474	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27474557	494	504	morphology	T080	C0332437
27474557	509	521	interactions	T169	C1704675
27474557	525	534	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27474557	540	553	characterized	T052	C1880022
27474557	557	560	SEM	T059	C0026020
27474557	565	569	FTIR	T062	C0206055
27474557	575	610	lower critical solution temperature	T081	C0039476
27474557	612	616	LCST	T081	C0039476
27474557	621	630	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27474557	635	647	investigated	T169	C1292732
27474557	651	654	DSC	T059	C0006780
27474557	660	667	results	T033	C0683954
27474557	687	691	LCST	T081	C0039476
27474557	695	704	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27474557	762	764	AA	T109,T122	C1321887
27474557	778	782	drug	T121	C0013227
27474557	783	796	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
27474557	797	807	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27474557	823	832	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27474557	859	869	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27474557	870	877	release	T070	C3850077
27474557	878	882	rate	T081	C1521828
27474557	886	906	acetylsalicylic acid	T109,T121	C0004057
27474557	936	946	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27474557	951	964	gastric fluid	T031	C2828094
27474557	980	991	Xylan-based	T109	C0062221
27474557	992	1001	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27474557	1020	1033	biocompatible	T080	C1524057
27474557	1039	1050	NIH3T3 cell	T025	C0007600
27474557	1054	1063	MTT assay	T062	C2986858
27474557	1104	1117	drug carriers	T122	C0013161
27474557	1126	1136	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27474557	1139	1147	targeted	T169	C1521840
27474557	1148	1166	oral drug delivery	T061	C0001563

27474570|t|Isolation and prebiotic activity of water-soluble polysaccharides fractions from the bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox)
27474570|a|The water-soluble polysaccharides from bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox) (WBP) were isolated, and the characterizations as well as prebiotic activities were investigated. The yield of WBP was 7.58±0.31% under optimal hot-water extraction conditions. Two fractions, i.e., WBP-1 and WBP-2 with molecular weight of 83.50kDa and 80.08kDa, respectively, were purified by chromatography. Both the polysaccharides fractions were identified as heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes composed of 15 kinds of common amino acids in protein part and rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose and galactose in different molar ratios in polysaccharide part. The existence of α- and β-glycosidic linkages between the sugar units was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectra. Compared with the blank control and the reference of FOS, WBP-1 and WBP-2 significantly increased the numbers of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (P<0.05), which contributed to the production of organic acids, suggesting that the polysaccharides have potential prebiotic properties.
27474570	0	9	Isolation	T059	C0220862
27474570	14	23	prebiotic	T109	C2717875
27474570	24	32	activity	T169	C0205177
27474570	36	49	water-soluble	T130	C0492715
27474570	50	65	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	66	75	fractions	T081	C1264633
27474570	85	98	bamboo shoots	T168	C4040751
27474570	100	121	Phyllostachys praecox	T002	C1639319
27474570	127	140	water-soluble	T130	C0492715
27474570	141	156	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	162	175	bamboo shoots	T168	C4040751
27474570	177	198	Phyllostachys praecox	T002	C1639319
27474570	201	204	WBP	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	211	219	isolated	T169	C0205409
27474570	229	246	characterizations	T185	C0243175
27474570	258	267	prebiotic	T109	C2717875
27474570	268	278	activities	T169	C0205177
27474570	284	296	investigated	T169	C1292732
27474570	302	307	yield	T081	C0392762
27474570	311	314	WBP	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	344	353	hot-water	T197	C0337023
27474570	354	364	extraction	T059	C0684295
27474570	381	390	fractions	T081	C1264633
27474570	398	403	WBP-1	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	408	413	WBP-2	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	419	435	molecular weight	T081	C0026385
27474570	493	507	chromatography	T059	C0008550
27474570	518	533	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	534	543	fractions	T081	C1264633
27474570	563	602	heteropolysaccharides-protein complexes	T104	C1704241
27474570	634	645	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27474570	649	656	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27474570	666	674	rhamnose	T109,T123	C0035417
27474570	676	685	arabinose	T109	C0003682
27474570	687	693	xylose	T109,T123	C0043375
27474570	695	702	mannose	T109,T121	C0024742
27474570	704	711	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27474570	716	725	galactose	T109,T123	C0016945
27474570	739	751	molar ratios	T081	C2825550
27474570	755	769	polysaccharide	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	793	795	α-	T078	C0006999
27474570	800	821	β-glycosidic linkages	T078	C0006999
27474570	834	839	sugar	T109	C0007004
27474570	863	867	FTIR	T062	C0206055
27474570	872	883	NMR spectra	T060	C0877853
27474570	943	948	WBP-1	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	953	958	WBP-2	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	998	1026	Bifidobacterium adolescentis	T007	C0314972
27474570	1031	1054	Bifidobacterium bifidum	T007	C0314974
27474570	1090	1100	production	T169	C0205245
27474570	1104	1117	organic acids	T109	C0369760
27474570	1139	1154	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
27474570	1160	1169	potential	T080	C3245505
27474570	1170	1179	prebiotic	T109	C2717875
27474570	1180	1190	properties	T080	C0871161

27474829|t|Combination of diagnostic laparoscopy and intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography for the early detection of intestinal ischemia not detectable at CT scan
27474829|a|Acute mesenteric ischemia is the most severe gastrointestinal complication of acute aortic dissection. The timing of diagnosis is of major importance, in fact the recognition of acute mesenteric ischemia often occurs too late due to the presence of unspecific symptoms and lack of reliable exams. Recently, indocyanine green fluorescence angiography has been adopted in order to measure blood perfusion and microcirculation. We decided to perform a diagnostic laparoscopy with the support of intra-operative near-infrared indocyanine green fluorescence angiography, in order to detect an initial intestinal ischemia in a 68-year-old patient previously treated with a TEVAR procedure for a type-B aortic dissection. The fluorescence system demonstrated an hypoperfused area in the ascending colon, therefore an ileocholic resection was thus performed. Opening the operatory specimen, the mucosa of the colon appeared totally ischemic, whilst the serosa was normal. When ischemia occurs, the oxygen supply is interrupted, hence the necrosis of the enteral mucosa occurs within 3h, whilst the necrosis of the full thickness of the bowel wall occurs within 6h. A diagnosis during these " golden hours " is of major importance for a successful treatment. The combination of laparoscopy and UV light and fluorescein dye should be considered as an invaluable diagnostic procedure for the diagnosis of early stage acute bowel ischemia which is not visible at instrumental examinations nor with diagnostic laparoscopy.
27474829	15	37	diagnostic laparoscopy	T060	C1880304
27474829	42	56	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27474829	57	99	indocyanine green fluorescence angiography	T060	C0430879
27474829	108	123	early detection	T060	C0596473
27474829	127	146	intestinal ischemia	T047	C0156149
27474829	151	161	detectable	T201	C3830527
27474829	165	172	CT scan	T060	C0040405
27474829	173	198	Acute mesenteric ischemia	T047	C0001363
27474829	218	247	gastrointestinal complication	T046	C0161819
27474829	251	274	acute aortic dissection	T047	C0241868
27474829	290	299	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27474829	351	376	acute mesenteric ischemia	T047	C0001363
27474829	433	441	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27474829	480	522	indocyanine green fluorescence angiography	T060	C0430879
27474829	560	575	blood perfusion	T042	C0599705
27474829	580	596	microcirculation	T042	C0025962
27474829	622	644	diagnostic laparoscopy	T060	C1880304
27474829	665	680	intra-operative	T079	C0456904
27474829	695	737	indocyanine green fluorescence angiography	T060	C0430879
27474829	769	788	intestinal ischemia	T047	C0156149
27474829	806	813	patient	T101	C0030705
27474829	825	837	treated with	T061	C0332293
27474829	840	855	TEVAR procedure	T061	C0087111
27474829	862	886	type-B aortic dissection	T190	C0340647
27474829	892	911	fluorescence system	T060	C0430879
27474829	928	945	hypoperfused area	T082	C1254362
27474829	953	968	ascending colon	T023	C0227375
27474829	983	1003	ileocholic resection	T061	C1280902
27474829	1046	1054	specimen	T167	C0370003
27474829	1060	1066	mucosa	T024	C0026724
27474829	1074	1079	colon	UnknownType	C0391907
27474829	1097	1106	ischemic,	T046	C0022116
27474829	1118	1124	serosa	T024	C0036760
27474829	1142	1150	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27474829	1163	1176	oxygen supply	T201	C0429622
27474829	1203	1211	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27474829	1227	1233	mucosa	T024	C0026724
27474829	1263	1271	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27474829	1279	1311	full thickness of the bowel wall	T190	C1390881
27474829	1332	1341	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27474829	1357	1369	golden hours	T079	C0439227
27474829	1412	1421	treatment	T061	C0087111
27474829	1442	1453	laparoscopy	T060	C0031150
27474829	1458	1466	UV light	T061	C0041626
27474829	1471	1486	fluorescein dye	T109,T130	C0060520
27474829	1525	1545	diagnostic procedure	T060	C0430022
27474829	1554	1563	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27474829	1567	1578	early stage	T079	C2363430
27474829	1579	1599	acute bowel ischemia	T047	C2062315
27474829	1624	1649	instrumental examinations	T058	C1254363
27474829	1659	1681	diagnostic laparoscopy	T060	C1880304

27474969|t|An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence sensor based on reduced graphene oxide - copper sulfide composite coupled with capillary electrophoresis for determination of amlodipine besylate in mice plasma
27474969|a|A new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on reduced graphene oxide - copper sulfide (rGO - CuS) composite coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) was constructed for the ultrasensitive detection of amlodipine besylate (AML) for the first time. In this work, rGO - CuS composite was synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal method and used for electrode modification. The electrochemical and ECL behaviors of the sensor were investigated. More than 5-fold enhance in ECL intensity was observed after modified with rGO - CuS composite. The results can be ascribed to the presence of rGO - CuS composite on the electrode surface that facilitates the electron transfer rate between the electroactive center of Ru(bpy)3(2+) and the electrode. The ECL sensor was coupled with CE to improve the selectivity and the CE - ECL parameters that affect separation and detection were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the linear ranges for AML was 0.008-5.0μg/mL with a detection limit of 2.8ng/mL (S/N=3). The method displayed the advantages of high sensitivity, good selectivity, wide linear range, low detection limit and fine reproducibility, and was used to analyze AML in mice plasma with a satisfactory result, which holds a great potential in the field of pharmaceutical analysis.
27474969	3	17	ultrasensitive	T169	C0332324
27474969	18	42	electrochemiluminescence	T059	C3830326
27474969	43	49	sensor	T073	C0183210
27474969	59	81	reduced graphene oxide	T196	C2936695
27474969	84	98	copper sulfide	T197	C0389357
27474969	99	108	composite	T080	C0205199
27474969	122	147	capillary electrophoresis	T059	C0201699
27474969	152	165	determination	T059	C1148554
27474969	169	188	amlodipine besylate	T109,T121	C0354468
27474969	192	196	mice	T015	C0025929
27474969	197	203	plasma	T031	C0032105
27474969	210	234	electrochemiluminescence	T059	C3830326
27474969	236	239	ECL	T059	C3830326
27474969	241	247	sensor	T073	C0183210
27474969	257	279	reduced graphene oxide	T196	C2936695
27474969	282	296	copper sulfide	T197	C0389357
27474969	298	301	rGO	T196	C2936695
27474969	304	307	CuS	T197	C0389357
27474969	309	318	composite	T080	C0205199
27474969	332	357	capillary electrophoresis	T059	C0201699
27474969	359	361	CE	T059	C0201699
27474969	387	401	ultrasensitive	T169	C0332324
27474969	402	411	detection	T061	C1511790
27474969	415	434	amlodipine besylate	T109,T121	C0354468
27474969	436	439	AML	T109,T121	C0354468
27474969	475	478	rGO	T196	C2936695
27474969	481	484	CuS	T197	C0389357
27474969	485	494	composite	T080	C0205199
27474969	522	541	hydrothermal method	T169	C0449851
27474969	555	564	electrode	T074	C0013812
27474969	565	577	modification	T033	C3840684
27474969	583	598	electrochemical	T059	C2350499
27474969	603	606	ECL	T059	C3830326
27474969	624	630	sensor	T073	C0183210
27474969	636	648	investigated	T169	C1292732
27474969	667	674	enhance	T052	C2349975
27474969	678	681	ECL	T059	C3830326
27474969	682	691	intensity	T081	C0871362
27474969	696	704	observed	T169	C1441672
27474969	725	728	rGO	T196	C2936695
27474969	731	734	CuS	T197	C0389357
27474969	735	744	composite	T080	C0205199
27474969	750	757	results	T034	C0456984
27474969	781	789	presence	T080	C3854307
27474969	793	796	rGO	T196	C2936695
27474969	799	802	CuS	T197	C0389357
27474969	803	812	composite	T080	C0205199
27474969	820	829	electrode	T074	C0013812
27474969	830	837	surface	T082	C0205148
27474969	859	881	electron transfer rate	T081	C1521828
27474969	894	907	electroactive	T169	C0205177
27474969	908	914	center	T082	C0205099
27474969	918	930	Ru(bpy)3(2+)	T104	C1704241
27474969	939	948	electrode	T074	C0013812
27474969	954	957	ECL	T059	C3830326
27474969	958	964	sensor	T073	C0183210
27474969	969	976	coupled	T169	C1948027
27474969	982	984	CE	T059	C0201699
27474969	1000	1011	selectivity	T034	C1254595
27474969	1020	1022	CE	T059	C0201699
27474969	1025	1028	ECL	T059	C3830326
27474969	1029	1039	parameters	T033	C0449381
27474969	1052	1062	separation	UnknownType	C0678621
27474969	1067	1076	detection	T061	C1511790
27474969	1103	1110	optimum	T080	C2698651
27474969	1127	1140	linear ranges	T081	C1514721
27474969	1145	1148	AML	T109,T121	C0354468
27474969	1175	1190	detection limit	T081	C2718050
27474969	1216	1222	method	T059	C0871511
27474969	1251	1267	high sensitivity	T067	C2346484
27474969	1269	1285	good selectivity	T034	C1254595
27474969	1292	1304	linear range	T081	C1514721
27474969	1310	1325	detection limit	T081	C2718050
27474969	1330	1350	fine reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27474969	1376	1379	AML	T109,T121	C0354468
27474969	1383	1387	mice	T015	C0025929
27474969	1388	1394	plasma	T031	C0032105
27474969	1415	1421	result	T034	C0456984
27474969	1443	1452	potential	T080	C3245505
27474969	1469	1492	pharmaceutical analysis	T062	C0936012

27475106|t|Metabolic shift of the kynurenine pathway impairs alcohol and cocaine seeking and relapse
27475106|a|The glutamatergic system plays a key role in the maintenance of drug use and development of drug-related conditioned behaviours. In particular, hyper-glutamatergic activity and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) activation may drive drug craving and relapse. Inhibition of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) shifts the metabolic kynurenine pathway towards production of kynurenic acid, which leads to a reduction of glutamatergic / NMDAR activity via different mechanisms. In this study, we investigated whether drug-seeking and relapse behaviour could be modified by the metabolic shift of endogenous kynurenine pathway. An inhibitor of kynurenine-3-monooxygenase (KMO) Ro61-8048 (4 and 40 mg/kg) and its prodrug JM6 (100 and 200 mg/kg) were tested in two behavioural rat models for drug seeking and relapse -the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) model in long-term alcohol-drinking rats and the model of cue-induced reinstatement of alcohol- and cocaine-seeking behaviour. Our results show that relapse -like alcohol drinking during the ADE was abolished by repeated intraperitoneal administration of Ro61-8048 and significantly reduced by its oral prodrug JM6. Cue-induced reinstatement of both alcohol- and cocaine-seeking behaviour was also abolished by administration of Ro61-8048. Pharmacological enhancement of endogenous kynurenic acid levels provides a novel treatment strategy to interfere with glutamatergic / NMDAR activity as well as with craving and relapse in alcohol-dependent patients and drug addicts.
27475106	0	9	Metabolic	T040	C0025519
27475106	10	15	shift	T033	C3845720
27475106	23	33	kynurenine	T116,T123	C0022818
27475106	34	41	pathway	T169	C1291081
27475106	42	49	impairs	T169	C0221099
27475106	50	57	alcohol	UnknownType	C0813934
27475106	62	77	cocaine seeking	T048	C0600427
27475106	82	89	relapse	T067	C0035020
27475106	94	114	glutamatergic system	T043	C1523698
27475106	139	162	maintenance of drug use	UnknownType	C0678330
27475106	167	178	development	T169	C1527148
27475106	182	217	drug-related conditioned behaviours	UnknownType	C0814171
27475106	234	262	hyper-glutamatergic activity	T043	C1523698
27475106	267	296	N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor	T116,T192	C0080093
27475106	298	303	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27475106	305	315	activation	T043	C1514758
27475106	326	338	drug craving	T033	C0556446
27475106	343	350	relapse	T067	C0035020
27475106	352	362	Inhibition	T039	C1524081
27475106	366	392	kynurenine-3-monooxygenase	T116,T126	C0064449
27475106	394	397	KMO	T116,T126	C0064449
27475106	399	405	shifts	T033	C3845720
27475106	410	419	metabolic	T040	C0025519
27475106	420	430	kynurenine	T116,T123	C0022818
27475106	431	438	pathway	T169	C1291081
27475106	447	457	production	T169	C0205245
27475106	461	475	kynurenic acid	T109,T121	C0022816
27475106	494	503	reduction	T061	C0441610
27475106	507	520	glutamatergic	T043	C1523698
27475106	523	528	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27475106	529	537	activity	T044	C1152633
27475106	552	562	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27475106	572	577	study	T062	C2603343
27475106	582	594	investigated	T169	C1292732
27475106	603	615	drug-seeking	T033	C0694536
27475106	620	627	relapse	T067	C0035020
27475106	628	637	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27475106	647	658	modified by	T080	C0205349
27475106	663	672	metabolic	T040	C0025519
27475106	673	678	shift	T033	C3845720
27475106	682	692	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27475106	693	703	kynurenine	T116,T123	C0022818
27475106	704	711	pathway	T169	C1291081
27475106	716	725	inhibitor	T121	C0919438
27475106	729	755	kynurenine-3-monooxygenase	T116,T126	C0064449
27475106	757	760	KMO	T116,T126	C0064449
27475106	762	771	Ro61-8048	T109,T121	C0670377
27475106	797	804	prodrug	T120	C0033262
27475106	805	808	JM6	T109,T121	C3178194
27475106	834	840	tested	T169	C0039593
27475106	848	870	behavioural rat models	T015	C0086893
27475106	875	887	drug seeking	T033	C0694536
27475106	892	899	relapse	T067	C0035020
27475106	905	931	alcohol deprivation effect	T033	C0243095
27475106	933	936	ADE	T033	C0243095
27475106	938	943	model	T015	C0086893
27475106	947	956	long-term	T079	C0443252
27475106	957	973	alcohol-drinking	T055	C0001948
27475106	974	978	rats	T015	C0086893
27475106	987	992	model	T015	C0086893
27475106	996	1007	cue-induced	UnknownType	C0679056
27475106	1008	1021	reinstatement	T079	C0678335
27475106	1025	1033	alcohol-	UnknownType	C0813934
27475106	1038	1063	cocaine-seeking behaviour	T048	C0600427
27475106	1087	1094	relapse	T067	C0035020
27475106	1101	1117	alcohol drinking	T055	C0001948
27475106	1129	1132	ADE	T033	C0243095
27475106	1159	1189	intraperitoneal administration	T061	C0021493
27475106	1193	1202	Ro61-8048	T109,T121	C0670377
27475106	1221	1228	reduced	T080	C0392756
27475106	1236	1240	oral	T082	C0442027
27475106	1241	1248	prodrug	T120	C0033262
27475106	1249	1252	JM6	T109,T121	C3178194
27475106	1254	1265	Cue-induced	UnknownType	C0679056
27475106	1266	1279	reinstatement	T079	C0678335
27475106	1288	1296	alcohol-	UnknownType	C0813934
27475106	1301	1326	cocaine-seeking behaviour	T048	C0600427
27475106	1349	1363	administration	T061	C1533734
27475106	1367	1376	Ro61-8048	T109,T121	C0670377
27475106	1378	1393	Pharmacological	T121	C1254351
27475106	1394	1405	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27475106	1409	1419	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27475106	1420	1434	kynurenic acid	T109,T121	C0022816
27475106	1435	1441	levels	T080	C0441889
27475106	1453	1477	novel treatment strategy	UnknownType	C0683465
27475106	1481	1495	interfere with	T169	C0521102
27475106	1496	1509	glutamatergic	T043	C1523698
27475106	1512	1517	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27475106	1518	1526	activity	T044	C1152633
27475106	1543	1550	craving	T033	C0556446
27475106	1555	1562	relapse	T067	C0035020
27475106	1566	1609	alcohol-dependent patients and drug addicts	UnknownType	C0687701

27475688|t|Comparison of the analgesic efficacy of oral ketorolac versus intramuscular tramadol after third molar surgery: A parallel, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
27475688|a|Preemptive analgesia is considered an alternative for treating the postsurgical pain of third molar removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preemptive analgesic efficacy of oral ketorolac versus intramuscular tramadol after a mandibular third molar surgery. A parallel, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out. Thirty patients were randomized into two treatment groups using a series of random numbers: Group A, oral ketorolac 10 mg plus intramuscular placebo (1 mL saline solution); or Group B, oral placebo (similar tablet to oral ketorolac) plus intramuscular tramadol 50 mg diluted in 1 mL saline solution. These treatments were given 30 min before the surgery. We evaluated the time of first analgesic rescue medication, pain intensity, total analgesic consumption and adverse effects. Patients taking oral ketorolac had longer time of analgesic covering and less postoperative pain when compared with patients receiving intramuscular tramadol. According to the VAS and UAC results, this study suggests that 10 mg of oral ketorolac had superior analgesic effect than 50 mg of tramadol when administered before a mandibular third molar surgery.
27475688	18	27	analgesic	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27475688	28	36	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27475688	40	44	oral	T169	C1527415
27475688	45	54	ketorolac	T109,T121	C0073631
27475688	62	75	intramuscular	T169	C1556154
27475688	76	84	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27475688	91	102	third molar	T023	C0026369
27475688	103	110	surgery	T061	C0543467
27475688	114	122	parallel	T062	C2826345
27475688	124	136	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27475688	138	148	randomized	T062	C0034656
27475688	150	168	placebo-controlled	T062	C1706408
27475688	169	183	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27475688	184	204	Preemptive analgesia	T061	C1514388
27475688	222	233	alternative	T077	C1523987
27475688	238	246	treating	T169	C1522326
27475688	251	268	postsurgical pain	T184	C0030201
27475688	272	283	third molar	T023	C0026369
27475688	284	291	removal	T061	C0728940
27475688	322	330	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27475688	335	355	preemptive analgesic	T061	C1514388
27475688	356	364	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27475688	368	372	oral	T169	C1527415
27475688	373	382	ketorolac	T109,T121	C0073631
27475688	390	403	intramuscular	T169	C1556154
27475688	404	412	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27475688	421	431	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27475688	432	443	third molar	T023	C0026369
27475688	444	451	surgery	T061	C0543467
27475688	455	463	parallel	T062	C2826345
27475688	465	477	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27475688	479	489	randomized	T062	C0034656
27475688	491	509	placebo-controlled	T062	C1706408
27475688	510	524	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27475688	549	557	patients	T101	C0030705
27475688	563	573	randomized	T062	C0034656
27475688	583	592	treatment	T061	C0087111
27475688	593	599	groups	T078	C0441833
27475688	634	641	Group A	T185	C0441835
27475688	643	647	oral	T169	C1527415
27475688	648	657	ketorolac	T109,T121	C0073631
27475688	669	682	intramuscular	T169	C1556154
27475688	683	690	placebo	T122	C1696465
27475688	697	712	saline solution	T167	C0036082
27475688	718	725	Group B	T185	C0008902
27475688	727	731	oral	T169	C1527415
27475688	732	739	placebo	T122	C1696465
27475688	749	755	tablet	T122	C0039225
27475688	759	763	oral	T169	C1527415
27475688	764	773	ketorolac	T109,T121	C0073631
27475688	780	793	intramuscular	T169	C1556154
27475688	794	802	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27475688	809	816	diluted	T169	C1948037
27475688	825	840	saline solution	T167	C0036082
27475688	848	858	treatments	T061	C0087111
27475688	888	895	surgery	T061	C0543467
27475688	900	909	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27475688	928	955	analgesic rescue medication	T121	C0013227
27475688	957	971	pain intensity	T201	C1320357
27475688	973	1000	total analgesic consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27475688	1005	1020	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27475688	1022	1030	Patients	T101	C0030705
27475688	1038	1042	oral	T169	C1527415
27475688	1043	1052	ketorolac	T109,T121	C0073631
27475688	1057	1068	longer time	T079	C0040223
27475688	1072	1090	analgesic covering	T033	C0948482
27475688	1095	1099	less	T080	C0547044
27475688	1100	1118	postoperative pain	T184	C0030201
27475688	1138	1146	patients	T101	C0030705
27475688	1157	1170	intramuscular	T169	C1556154
27475688	1171	1179	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27475688	1198	1201	VAS	T060	C0042815
27475688	1206	1209	UAC	T074	C0879186
27475688	1210	1217	results	T169	C1274040
27475688	1253	1257	oral	T169	C1527415
27475688	1258	1267	ketorolac	T109,T121	C0073631
27475688	1281	1297	analgesic effect	T033	C0948482
27475688	1312	1320	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27475688	1348	1358	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27475688	1359	1370	third molar	T023	C0026369
27475688	1371	1378	surgery	T061	C0543467

27475696|t|Estrogen and Progesterone hormone receptor expression in oral cavity cancer
27475696|a|Recent studies have shown an increase in the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in younger patients. The hypothesis that tumors could be hormonally induced during pregnancy or in young female patients without the well-known risk factors alcohol or tobacco abuse seems to be plausible. Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) and Progesterone Receptor (PR) expression were analyzed in normal oral mucosa (n=5), oral precursor lesions (simple hyperplasia, n=11; squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n=35), and OSCC specimen. OSCCs were stratified in a young female (n=7) study cohort and older patients (n=46). In the young female study cohort three patients (n=3/7) developed OSCC during or shortly after pregnancy. Breast cancer tissues were used as positive control for ERα and PR expression. ERα expression was found in four oral precursor lesions (squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, SIN I-III, n=4/35, 11%) and in five OSCC specimen (n=5/46, 11%). The five ERα positive OSCC samples were older male patients. All patients within the young female study cohort were negatively stained for both ERα and PR. ER expression could be regarded as a seldom risk factor for OSCC. PR expression seems to be not relevant for the development of OSCC.
27475696	0	8	Estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27475696	13	25	Progesterone	T109,T121,T125	C0033308
27475696	26	33	hormone	T125	C0019932
27475696	34	53	receptor expression	T045	C0597360
27475696	57	75	oral cavity cancer	T191	C0151546
27475696	105	113	increase	T169	C0442805
27475696	121	130	incidence	T081	C0021149
27475696	134	162	oral squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0585362
27475696	164	168	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27475696	173	180	younger	T079	C0332239
27475696	181	189	patients	T101	C0030705
27475696	195	205	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27475696	211	217	tumors	T191	C0027651
27475696	227	237	hormonally	T125	C0019932
27475696	238	245	induced	T169	C0205263
27475696	253	262	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27475696	269	274	young	T079	C0332239
27475696	275	281	female	T032	C0086287
27475696	282	290	patients	T101	C0030705
27475696	314	326	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27475696	327	334	alcohol	T048	C0085762
27475696	338	351	tobacco abuse	T048	C0040336
27475696	375	398	Estrogen Receptor alpha	T116,T192	C0665341
27475696	400	403	ERα	T116,T192	C0665341
27475696	409	430	Progesterone Receptor	T116,T192	C0034833
27475696	432	434	PR	T116,T192	C0034833
27475696	436	446	expression	T045	C0597360
27475696	452	460	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27475696	471	482	oral mucosa	T023	C0026639
27475696	490	512	oral precursor lesions	T033	C0221198
27475696	514	532	simple hyperplasia	T047	C0456483
27475696	540	574	squamous intraepithelial neoplasia	T191	C1302751
27475696	576	585	SIN I-III	T191	C1302751
27475696	598	602	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27475696	603	611	specimen	T167	C0370003
27475696	613	618	OSCCs	T191	C0585362
27475696	624	634	stratified	T080	C0205363
27475696	640	645	young	T079	C0332239
27475696	646	652	female	T032	C0086287
27475696	665	671	cohort	T098	C0599755
27475696	676	681	older	T098	C3826770
27475696	682	690	patients	T101	C0030705
27475696	706	711	young	T079	C0332239
27475696	712	718	female	T032	C0086287
27475696	725	731	cohort	T098	C0599755
27475696	738	746	patients	T101	C0030705
27475696	765	769	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27475696	794	803	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27475696	805	818	Breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27475696	819	826	tissues	T024	C0040300
27475696	840	856	positive control	T077	C1883676
27475696	861	864	ERα	T116,T192	C0665341
27475696	869	871	PR	T116,T192	C0034833
27475696	872	882	expression	T045	C0597360
27475696	884	887	ERα	T116,T192	C0665341
27475696	888	898	expression	T045	C0597360
27475696	917	939	oral precursor lesions	T033	C0221198
27475696	941	975	squamous intraepithelial neoplasia	T191	C1302751
27475696	977	986	SIN I-III	T191	C1302751
27475696	1013	1017	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27475696	1018	1026	specimen	T167	C0370003
27475696	1051	1054	ERα	T116,T192	C0665341
27475696	1055	1063	positive	T033	C1446409
27475696	1064	1068	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27475696	1069	1076	samples	T167	C0370003
27475696	1082	1087	older	T098	C3826770
27475696	1088	1092	male	T032	C0086582
27475696	1093	1101	patients	T101	C0030705
27475696	1107	1115	patients	T101	C0030705
27475696	1127	1132	young	T079	C0332239
27475696	1133	1139	female	T032	C0086287
27475696	1146	1152	cohort	T098	C0599755
27475696	1158	1168	negatively	T033	C0205160
27475696	1186	1189	ERα	T116,T192	C0665341
27475696	1194	1196	PR	T116,T192	C0034833
27475696	1198	1200	ER	T116,T192	C0034804
27475696	1201	1211	expression	T045	C0597360
27475696	1235	1241	seldom	T080	C0522498
27475696	1242	1253	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27475696	1258	1262	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27475696	1264	1266	PR	T116,T192	C0034833
27475696	1267	1277	expression	T045	C0597360
27475696	1294	1302	relevant	T080	C2347946
27475696	1311	1322	development	T169	C1527148
27475696	1326	1330	OSCC	T191	C0585362

27476158|t|Homeostasis of chosen bioelements in organs of rats receiving lithium and/or selenium
27476158|a|Lithium is an essential trace element, widely used in medicine and its application is often long-term. Despite beneficial effects, its administration can lead to severe side effects including hyperparathyroidism, renal and thyroid disorders. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the influence of lithium and/or selenium treatment on magnesium, calcium and silicon levels in rats ' organs as well as the possibility of using selenium as an adjuvant in lithium therapy. The study was performed on rats divided into four groups (six animals each): control - treated with saline; Li - treated with Li2CO3 (2.7 mg Li /kg b.w.); Se - treated with Na2SeO3·H2O (0.5 mg Se /kg b.w.); Se + Li - treated simultaneously with Li2CO3 and Na2SeO3·H2O (2.7 mg Li /kg b.w. and of 0.5 mg Se /kg b.w., respectively). The administration was performed in form of water solutions by stomach tube once a day for 3 weeks. In the organs (liver, kidney, brain, spleen, heart, lung and femoral muscle) the concentrations of magnesium, calcium and silicon were determined. Magnesium was increased in liver of Se and Se + Li given rats. Lithium decreased tissue Ca and co-administration of selenium reversed this effect. Silicon was not affected by any treatment. The beneficial effect of selenium on disturbances of calcium homeostasis let suggest that further research on selenium application as an adjuvant in lithium therapy is worth being performed.
27476158	0	11	Homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27476158	22	33	bioelements	T196	C0013879
27476158	37	43	organs	T023	C0178784
27476158	47	51	rats	T015	C0034693
27476158	52	61	receiving	T080	C1514756
27476158	62	69	lithium	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	77	85	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	86	93	Lithium	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	110	123	trace element	T123,T196	C0040577
27476158	140	148	medicine	T121	C0013227
27476158	157	168	application	T169	C0868973
27476158	178	187	long-term	T079	C0443252
27476158	197	207	beneficial	T081	C0814225
27476158	208	215	effects	T080	C1280500
27476158	221	235	administration	T061	C1533734
27476158	248	254	severe	T080	C0205082
27476158	255	267	side effects	T169	C0001688
27476158	278	297	hyperparathyroidism	T047	C0020502
27476158	299	304	renal	T047	C0022658
27476158	309	326	thyroid disorders	T047	C0040128
27476158	351	356	study	T062	C2603343
27476158	377	386	influence	T077	C4054723
27476158	390	397	lithium	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	405	413	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	414	423	treatment	T169	C1522326
27476158	427	436	magnesium	T123,T196	C0024467
27476158	438	445	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27476158	450	457	silicon	T196	C0037107
27476158	458	464	levels	T080	C0441889
27476158	468	472	rats	T015	C0034693
27476158	475	481	organs	T023	C0178784
27476158	518	526	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	533	541	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
27476158	545	552	lithium	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	553	560	therapy	T061	C0087111
27476158	566	571	study	T062	C2603343
27476158	589	593	rats	T015	C0034693
27476158	612	618	groups	T078	C0441833
27476158	624	631	animals	T015	C0034693
27476158	639	646	control	T096	C0009932
27476158	649	656	treated	T169	C1522326
27476158	662	668	saline	T167	C0036082
27476158	670	672	Li	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	675	682	treated	T169	C1522326
27476158	688	694	Li2CO3	T121,T197	C0085217
27476158	703	705	Li	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	717	719	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	722	729	treated	T169	C1522326
27476158	735	746	Na2SeO3·H2O	T121	C1254351
27476158	755	757	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	769	771	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	774	776	Li	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	779	786	treated	T169	C1522326
27476158	807	813	Li2CO3	T121,T197	C0085217
27476158	818	829	Na2SeO3·H2O	T121	C1254351
27476158	838	840	Li	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	864	866	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	896	910	administration	T061	C1533734
27476158	915	924	performed	T169	C0884358
27476158	936	951	water solutions	T200	C0597683
27476158	955	967	stomach tube	T074	C0184154
27476158	975	978	day	T079	C0439228
27476158	985	990	weeks	T079	C0439230
27476158	999	1005	organs	T023	C0178784
27476158	1007	1012	liver	T023	C0023884
27476158	1014	1020	kidney	T023	C0022646
27476158	1022	1027	brain	T023	C0006104
27476158	1029	1035	spleen	T023	C0037993
27476158	1037	1042	heart	T023	C0018787
27476158	1044	1048	lung	T023	C0024109
27476158	1053	1067	femoral muscle	T024	C0026845
27476158	1073	1087	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27476158	1091	1100	magnesium	T123,T196	C0024467
27476158	1102	1109	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27476158	1114	1121	silicon	T196	C0037107
27476158	1139	1148	Magnesium	T123,T196	C0024467
27476158	1153	1162	increased	T081	C0205217
27476158	1166	1171	liver	T023	C0023884
27476158	1175	1177	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	1182	1184	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	1187	1189	Li	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	1196	1200	rats	T015	C0034693
27476158	1202	1209	Lithium	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	1210	1219	decreased	T081	C0205216
27476158	1220	1226	tissue	T024	C0040300
27476158	1227	1229	Ca	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27476158	1234	1251	co-administration	T061	C1533734
27476158	1255	1263	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	1264	1272	reversed	T169	C1555029
27476158	1278	1284	effect	T080	C1280500
27476158	1286	1293	Silicon	T196	C0037107
27476158	1302	1310	affected	T169	C0392760
27476158	1318	1327	treatment	T169	C1522326
27476158	1333	1343	beneficial	T081	C0814225
27476158	1344	1350	effect	T080	C1280500
27476158	1354	1362	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	1366	1378	disturbances	T080	C2699787
27476158	1382	1389	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27476158	1390	1401	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27476158	1427	1435	research	T062	C0035168
27476158	1439	1447	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27476158	1466	1474	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
27476158	1478	1485	lithium	T121,T196	C0023870
27476158	1486	1493	therapy	T061	C0087111
27476158	1509	1518	performed	T169	C0884358

27476541|t|Studying neuroprotective effect of Atorvastatin as a small molecule drug on high glucose - induced neurotoxicity in undifferentiated PC12 cells: role of NADPH oxidase
27476541|a|Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation has been considered the essential mechanism induced by hyperglycemia in various tissues. However, there is no comprehensive study on the role of NOXs in high glucose (HG)- induced toxic effect in neural tissues. Recently, a therapeutic strategy in oxidative related pathologies has been introduced by blocking the undesirable actions of NOX enzymes by small molecules. The protective roles of Statins in ameliorating oxidative stress by NOX inhibition have been shown in some tissues except neural. We hypothesized then, that different NOXs may have role in HG - induced neural cell injury. Furthermore, we postulate that Atorvastatin as a small molecule may modulate this NOXs activity to protect neural cells. Undifferentiated PC12 cells were treated with HG (140 mM/ 24 h) in the presence and absence of Atorvastatin (1 μM/ 96 h). The cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the gene and protein expressions profile of NOX (1-4) were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Levels of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also evaluated. Gene and protein expression levels of NOX (1-4) and consequently ROS and MDA levels were elevated in HG - treated PC12 cells. Atorvastatin could significantly decrease HG - induced NOXs, ROS and MDA elevation and improve impaired cell viability. It can be concluded that HG could elevate NOXs activity, ROS and MDA levels in neural tissues and Atorvastatin as a small molecule NOX inhibitor drug may prevent and delay diabetic complications, particularly neuropathy.
27476541	0	8	Studying	T062	C0681814
27476541	9	31	neuroprotective effect	T169	C0815279
27476541	35	47	Atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27476541	53	67	small molecule	T109	C1328819
27476541	68	72	drug	T121	C1254351
27476541	76	88	high glucose	T033	C0860803
27476541	91	98	induced	T169	C0205263
27476541	99	112	neurotoxicity	T037	C0235032
27476541	116	132	undifferentiated	T080	C0205618
27476541	133	143	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
27476541	145	149	role	T077	C1705810
27476541	153	166	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
27476541	167	181	Overproduction	T080	C0205556
27476541	185	208	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27476541	210	213	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27476541	218	231	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
27476541	233	236	NOX	T116,T126	C0068355
27476541	238	248	activation	T044	C0014429
27476541	258	268	considered	T078	C0750591
27476541	273	282	essential	T080	C0205224
27476541	283	292	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27476541	293	300	induced	T169	C0205263
27476541	304	317	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27476541	329	336	tissues	T024	C0040300
27476541	356	372	no comprehensive	T080	C0205556
27476541	373	378	study	T062	C0681814
27476541	386	390	role	T077	C1705810
27476541	394	398	NOXs	T116,T126	C0068355
27476541	402	414	high glucose	T033	C0860803
27476541	416	418	HG	T033	C0860803
27476541	421	428	induced	T169	C0205263
27476541	429	441	toxic effect	T037	C0600688
27476541	445	459	neural tissues	T024	C0027757
27476541	473	484	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27476541	485	493	strategy	T041	C0679199
27476541	497	506	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27476541	507	514	related	T080	C0439849
27476541	515	526	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27476541	536	546	introduced	T169	C1292748
27476541	550	558	blocking	T169	C0332206
27476541	563	582	undesirable actions	T052	C3266814
27476541	586	597	NOX enzymes	T116,T126	C0068355
27476541	601	616	small molecules	T109	C1328819
27476541	622	632	protective	T033	C1545588
27476541	633	638	roles	T077	C1705810
27476541	642	649	Statins	T109,T121	C0360714
27476541	653	665	ameliorating	T080	C0205556
27476541	666	682	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27476541	686	689	NOX	T116,T126	C0068355
27476541	690	700	inhibition	T039	C1524081
27476541	725	732	tissues	T024	C0040300
27476541	740	746	neural	T024	C0027757
27476541	751	763	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
27476541	775	784	different	T080	C1705242
27476541	785	789	NOXs	T116,T126	C0068355
27476541	799	803	role	T077	C1705810
27476541	807	809	HG	T033	C0860803
27476541	812	819	induced	T169	C0205263
27476541	820	838	neural cell injury	T049	C0599732
27476541	856	865	postulate	T078	C1705535
27476541	871	883	Atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27476541	889	903	small molecule	T109	C1328819
27476541	908	916	modulate	T082	C0443264
27476541	922	935	NOXs activity	T044	C1151146
27476541	939	946	protect	T033	C1545588
27476541	947	959	neural cells	T025	C0027882
27476541	961	977	Undifferentiated	T080	C0205618
27476541	978	988	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
27476541	994	1006	treated with	T061	C0332293
27476541	1007	1009	HG	T033	C0860803
27476541	1019	1023	24 h	T079	C0456696
27476541	1032	1040	presence	T033	C0150312
27476541	1045	1052	absence	T169	C0332197
27476541	1056	1068	Atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27476541	1076	1080	96 h	T079	C0439227
27476541	1087	1101	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27476541	1106	1114	measured	T080	C0444706
27476541	1118	1127	MTT assay	T062	C2986858
27476541	1136	1140	gene	T081	C1956267
27476541	1145	1172	protein expressions profile	T034	C3463810
27476541	1176	1179	NOX	T116,T126	C0068355
27476541	1191	1204	determined by	T080	C0521095
27476541	1205	1211	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27476541	1216	1232	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27476541	1248	1254	Levels	T080	C0441889
27476541	1258	1261	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27476541	1266	1281	malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
27476541	1283	1286	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
27476541	1298	1307	evaluated	T052	C1516048
27476541	1309	1313	Gene	T045	C0017262
27476541	1318	1336	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27476541	1337	1343	levels	T080	C0441889
27476541	1347	1350	NOX	T116,T126	C0068355
27476541	1361	1373	consequently	T033	C3845876
27476541	1374	1377	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27476541	1382	1385	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
27476541	1386	1392	levels	T080	C0441889
27476541	1398	1406	elevated	T080	C3163633
27476541	1410	1412	HG	T033	C0860803
27476541	1415	1422	treated	T169	C1522326
27476541	1423	1433	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
27476541	1435	1447	Atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27476541	1454	1467	significantly	T078	C0750502
27476541	1468	1476	decrease	T081	C0547047
27476541	1477	1479	HG	T033	C0860803
27476541	1482	1489	induced	T169	C0205263
27476541	1490	1494	NOXs	T116,T126	C0068355
27476541	1496	1499	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27476541	1504	1507	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
27476541	1508	1517	elevation	T082	C0702240
27476541	1522	1529	improve	T033	C0184511
27476541	1530	1538	impaired	T169	C0221099
27476541	1539	1553	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27476541	1565	1574	concluded	T078	C1707478
27476541	1580	1582	HG	T033	C0860803
27476541	1589	1596	elevate	T080	C3163633
27476541	1597	1610	NOXs activity	T044	C1151146
27476541	1612	1615	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27476541	1620	1623	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
27476541	1624	1630	levels	T080	C0441889
27476541	1634	1648	neural tissues	T024	C0027757
27476541	1653	1665	Atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
27476541	1671	1685	small molecule	T109	C1328819
27476541	1686	1704	NOX inhibitor drug	T121	C1254351
27476541	1709	1716	prevent	T080	C2700409
27476541	1721	1726	delay	T079	C0205421
27476541	1727	1749	diabetic complications	T047	C0342257
27476541	1764	1774	neuropathy	T047	C0442874

27476625|t|Substance use and sexual function in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
27476625|a|To evaluate alcohol / tobacco / illicit drug use and sexual function in adolescent juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and healthy controls. 174 adolescents with pediatric rheumatic diseases were selected. A cross-sectional study with 54 JIA patients and 35 controls included demographic / anthropometric data and puberty markers assessments, physician -conducted CRAFFT (car / relax / alone / forget / friends / trouble) screen tool for substance abuse / dependence high risk and a questionnaire that evaluated sexual function, bullying and alcohol / tobacco / illicit drug use. Clinical / laboratorial data and treatment were also assessed in JIA. The median current age was similar between JIA patients and controls [15(10-19) vs. 15(12-18) years, p=0.506]. Frequencies of alcohol / tobacco / illicit drug use were high and similar in both JIA and controls (43% vs. 46%, p=0.829). However, age at alcohol onset was significantly higher in those with JIA [15(11-18) vs. 14(7-18) years, p=0.032], particularly in polyarticular onset (p=0.040). High risk for substance abuse / dependence (CRAFFT score ≥2) was found in both groups (13% vs. 15%, p=1.000), likewise bullying (p=0.088). Further analysis of JIA patients regarding alcohol / tobacco / illicit drug use showed that the median current age [17(14-19) vs. 13(10-19) years, p<0.001] and education years [11(6-13) vs. 7(3-12) years, p<0.001] were significant higher in those that used substances. Sexual activity was significantly higher in the former group (48% vs. 7%, p<0.001). A positive correlation was evidenced between CRAFFT score and current age in JIA patients (p=0.032, r=+0.296). A high risk for substance abuse / dependence was observed in both JIA and controls. JIA substance users were more likely to have sexual intercourse. Therefore, routine screening is suggested in all visits of JIA adolescents.
27476625	0	13	Substance use	T048	C0237123
27476625	18	33	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27476625	37	66	juvenile idiopathic arthritis	T047	C3495559
27476625	79	86	alcohol	T055	C0001948
27476625	89	96	tobacco	T055	C0543414
27476625	99	115	illicit drug use	T055	C0281875
27476625	120	135	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27476625	139	149	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27476625	150	179	juvenile idiopathic arthritis	T047	C3495559
27476625	181	184	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	190	206	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27476625	212	223	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27476625	229	238	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27476625	239	257	rheumatic diseases	T047	C0035435
27476625	275	296	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27476625	305	308	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	309	317	patients	T101	C0030705
27476625	325	333	controls	T096	C0009932
27476625	343	354	demographic	T090	C0011298
27476625	357	371	anthropometric	T062	C0003188
27476625	372	376	data	T078	C1511726
27476625	381	388	puberty	T033	C0429595
27476625	389	408	markers assessments	T169	C0220912
27476625	410	419	physician	T097	C0031831
27476625	431	437	CRAFFT	T061	C4274734
27476625	439	442	car	T073	C0004381
27476625	445	450	relax	T080	C0542193
27476625	453	458	alone	T102	C0679994
27476625	461	467	forget	T048	C0598853
27476625	470	477	friends	T098	C0079382
27476625	480	487	trouble	UnknownType	C0814062
27476625	505	520	substance abuse	T048	C0740858
27476625	523	533	dependence	T048	C0038580
27476625	534	543	high risk	T033	C0332167
27476625	550	563	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27476625	569	578	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27476625	579	594	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27476625	596	604	bullying	T048	C0424318
27476625	609	616	alcohol	T055	C0001948
27476625	619	626	tobacco	T055	C0543414
27476625	629	645	illicit drug use	T055	C0281875
27476625	647	655	Clinical	T170	C1516606
27476625	658	675	laboratorial data	T170	C1517709
27476625	680	689	treatment	T061	C0087111
27476625	700	708	assessed	T052	C1516048
27476625	712	715	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	721	739	median current age	T079	C2598519
27476625	760	763	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	764	772	patients	T101	C0030705
27476625	764	772	patients	T101	C0030705
27476625	777	785	controls	T096	C0009932
27476625	811	816	years	T079	C0439234
27476625	843	850	alcohol	T055	C0001948
27476625	853	860	tobacco	T055	C0543414
27476625	863	879	illicit drug use	T055	C0281875
27476625	885	889	high	T080	C0205250
27476625	910	913	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	918	926	controls	T096	C0009932
27476625	960	963	age	T032	C0001779
27476625	967	974	alcohol	T055	C0001948
27476625	975	980	onset	T080	C0332162
27476625	985	1005	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27476625	1020	1023	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	1048	1053	years	T079	C0439234
27476625	1081	1094	polyarticular	T047	C0162323
27476625	1095	1100	onset	T080	C0332162
27476625	1112	1121	High risk	T033	C0332167
27476625	1126	1141	substance abuse	T048	C0740858
27476625	1144	1154	dependence	T048	C0038580
27476625	1156	1162	CRAFFT	T061	C4274734
27476625	1163	1168	score	T081	C0449820
27476625	1191	1197	groups	T098	C1257890
27476625	1231	1239	bullying	T048	C0424318
27476625	1259	1267	analysis	T062	C0936012
27476625	1271	1274	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	1275	1283	patients	T101	C0030705
27476625	1294	1301	alcohol	T055	C0001948
27476625	1304	1311	tobacco	T055	C0543414
27476625	1314	1330	illicit drug use	T055	C0281875
27476625	1347	1365	median current age	T079	C2598519
27476625	1391	1396	years	T079	C0439234
27476625	1421	1426	years	T079	C0439234
27476625	1449	1454	years	T079	C0439234
27476625	1470	1488	significant higher	T081	C4055637
27476625	1520	1535	Sexual activity	T053	C0036864
27476625	1540	1560	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27476625	1606	1614	positive	T033	C1446409
27476625	1615	1626	correlation	T080	C1707520
27476625	1649	1655	CRAFFT	T061	C4274734
27476625	1656	1661	score	T081	C0449820
27476625	1666	1677	current age	T079	C2598519
27476625	1681	1684	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	1685	1693	patients	T101	C0030705
27476625	1717	1726	high risk	T033	C0332167
27476625	1731	1746	substance abuse	T048	C0740858
27476625	1749	1759	dependence	T048	C0038580
27476625	1781	1784	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	1789	1797	controls	T096	C0009932
27476625	1799	1802	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	1803	1818	substance users	T098	C1257890
27476625	1844	1862	sexual intercourse	T033	C1314687
27476625	1875	1892	routine screening	T033	C3842345
27476625	1923	1926	JIA	T047	C3495559
27476625	1927	1938	adolescents	T100	C0205653

27476670|t|NLRP3 protects alveolar barrier integrity by an inflammasome - independent increase of epithelial cell adherence
27476670|a|Bacterial pneumonia is a major cause of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome, characterized by alveolar barrier disruption. NLRP3 is best known for its ability to form inflammasomes and to regulate IL-1β and IL-18 production in myeloid cells. Here we show that NLRP3 protects the integrity of the alveolar barrier in a mouse model of Streptococcus pneumoniae - induced pneumonia, and ex vivo upon treatment of isolated perfused and ventilated lungs with the purified bacterial toxin, pneumolysin. We reveal that the preserving effect of NLRP3 on the lung barrier is independent of inflammasomes, IL-1β and IL-18. NLRP3 improves the integrity of alveolar epithelial cell monolayers by enhancing cellular adherence. Collectively, our study uncovers a novel function of NLRP3 by demonstrating that it protects epithelial barrier function independently of inflammasomes.
27476670	0	5	NLRP3	T116,T123	C1528260
27476670	6	14	protects	T033	C1545588
27476670	15	31	alveolar barrier	T030	C0005853
27476670	32	41	integrity	T080	C1947912
27476670	48	60	inflammasome	T116,T123	C2936529
27476670	63	74	independent	T078	C0085862
27476670	75	83	increase	T081	C0205217
27476670	87	102	epithelial cell	T025	C0014597
27476670	103	112	adherence	T169	C1510802
27476670	113	132	Bacterial pneumonia	T047	C0004626
27476670	144	149	cause	T078	C0085978
27476670	153	170	acute lung injury	T037	C0242488
27476670	175	210	acute respiratory distress syndrome	T033	C1848829
27476670	212	225	characterized	T052	C1880022
27476670	229	245	alveolar barrier	T030	C0005853
27476670	246	256	disruption	T169	C0332453
27476670	258	263	NLRP3	T116,T123	C1528260
27476670	286	293	ability	T032	C0085732
27476670	302	315	inflammasomes	T116,T123	C2936529
27476670	323	331	regulate	T038	C1327622
27476670	332	337	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27476670	342	347	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27476670	348	358	production	T038	C0003261
27476670	362	375	myeloid cells	T025	C0887899
27476670	395	400	NLRP3	T116,T123	C1528260
27476670	401	409	protects	T033	C1545588
27476670	414	423	integrity	T080	C1947912
27476670	431	447	alveolar barrier	T030	C0005853
27476670	453	464	mouse model	T008	C0599779
27476670	468	492	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27476670	495	502	induced	T169	C0205263
27476670	503	512	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27476670	518	525	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27476670	531	540	treatment	T169	C1522326
27476670	544	552	isolated	T169	C0205409
27476670	553	561	perfused	T169	C1549542
27476670	566	576	ventilated	T169	C0231923
27476670	577	582	lungs	T023	C0024109
27476670	592	600	purified	T169	C1998793
27476670	601	616	bacterial toxin	T116,T123,T131	C0004630
27476670	618	629	pneumolysin	T116,T123	C0071313
27476670	634	640	reveal	T080	C0443289
27476670	650	660	preserving	T169	C0728887
27476670	661	667	effect	T080	C1280500
27476670	671	676	NLRP3	T116,T123	C1528260
27476670	684	696	lung barrier	T030	C0005853
27476670	700	711	independent	T078	C0085862
27476670	715	728	inflammasomes	T116,T123	C2936529
27476670	730	735	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27476670	740	745	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27476670	747	752	NLRP3	T116,T123	C1528260
27476670	753	761	improves	T033	C0184511
27476670	766	775	integrity	T080	C1947912
27476670	779	814	alveolar epithelial cell monolayers	T025	C0225698
27476670	828	836	cellular	T059	C0178539
27476670	837	846	adherence	T169	C1510802
27476670	866	871	study	T059	C0947630
27476670	883	888	novel	T080	C0205314
27476670	889	897	function	T169	C0542341
27476670	901	906	NLRP3	T116,T123	C1528260
27476670	932	940	protects	T033	C1545588
27476670	941	959	epithelial barrier	T030	C0005853
27476670	969	982	independently	T078	C0085862
27476670	986	999	inflammasomes	T116,T123	C2936529

27476889|t|Regulation of the host immune system by helminth parasites
27476889|a|Helminth parasite infections are associated with a battery of immunomodulatory mechanisms, which impact all facets of the host immune response to ensure their persistence within the host. This broad-spectrum modulation of host immunity has intended and unintended consequences, both advantageous and disadvantageous. Thus the host may benefit from suppression of collateral damage during parasite infection, and from reduced allergic, autoimmune and inflammatory reactions. However, helminth infection can also be detrimental in reducing vaccine responses, increasing susceptibility to co-infection, and potentially reducing tumor immunosurveillance. In this review we will summarize the panoply of immunomodulatory mechanisms used by helminths, their potential utility in human disease, and prospective areas of future research.
27476889	0	10	Regulation	T038	C1327622
27476889	18	22	host	T001	C1167395
27476889	23	36	immune system	T022	C0020962
27476889	40	48	helminth	T204	C0018893
27476889	49	58	parasites	T204	C0030498
27476889	59	87	Helminth parasite infections	T047	C0018889
27476889	92	107	associated with	T080	C0332281
27476889	121	148	immunomodulatory mechanisms	T040	C0678889
27476889	181	185	host	T001	C1167395
27476889	186	201	immune response	T042	C0301872
27476889	218	229	persistence	T079	C0205322
27476889	241	245	host	T001	C1167395
27476889	252	277	broad-spectrum modulation	T040	C0678889
27476889	281	285	host	T001	C1167395
27476889	286	294	immunity	T039	C0020964
27476889	299	307	intended	T080	C1283828
27476889	312	322	unintended	T169	C1283932
27476889	323	335	consequences	T169	C0686907
27476889	342	354	advantageous	T080	C0205556
27476889	359	374	disadvantageous	T080	C0205556
27476889	385	389	host	T001	C1167395
27476889	407	418	suppression	T169	C1260953
27476889	422	439	collateral damage	T037	C0178314
27476889	447	455	parasite	T204	C0030498
27476889	456	465	infection	T046	C3714514
27476889	484	492	allergic	T046	C1527304
27476889	494	504	autoimmune	T046	C0443146
27476889	509	531	inflammatory reactions	T046	C0021368
27476889	542	560	helminth infection	T047	C0018889
27476889	573	584	detrimental	T169	C0205245
27476889	627	641	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27476889	645	657	co-infection	T047	C0275524
27476889	684	689	tumor	T191	C0027651
27476889	690	708	immunosurveillance	T040	C0021059
27476889	718	724	review	T170	C0282443
27476889	758	785	immunomodulatory mechanisms	T040	C0678889
27476889	794	803	helminths	T204	C0018893
27476889	832	837	human	T016	C0086418
27476889	838	845	disease	T047	C0012634
27476889	872	878	future	T079	C0016884
27476889	879	887	research	T062	C0035168

27477569|t|Intravascular Inflammation Triggers Intracerebral Activated Microglia and Contributes to Secondary Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (eSAH)
27477569|a|Activation of innate immunity contributes to secondary brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (eSAH). Microglia accumulation and activation within the brain has recently been shown to induce neuronal cell death after eSAH. In isolated mouse brain capillaries after eSAH, we show a significantly increased gene expression for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and P-selectin. Hence, we hypothesized that extracerebral intravascular inflammatory processes might initiate the previously reported microglia accumulation within the brain tissue. We therefore induced eSAH in knockout mice for ICAM-1 (ICAM-1(-/-)) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1(-/-)) to find a significant decrease in neutrophil - endothelial interaction within the first 7 days after the bleeding in a chronic cranial window model. This inhibition of neutrophil recruitment to the endothelium results in significantly ameliorated microglia accumulation and neuronal cell death in knockout animals in comparison to controls. Our results suggest an outside-in activation of the CNS innate immune system at the vessel / brain interface following eSAH. Microglia cells, as part of the brain's innate immune system, are triggered by an inflammatory reaction in the microvasculature after eSAH, thus contributing to neuronal cell death. This finding offers a whole range of new research targets, as well as possible therapy options for patients suffering from eSAH.
27477569	0	13	Intravascular	T082	C0442123
27477569	14	26	Inflammation	T046	C0021368
27477569	27	35	Triggers	T080	C1444748
27477569	36	49	Intracerebral	T082	C0442111
27477569	50	59	Activated	T052	C1879547
27477569	60	69	Microglia	T025	C0206116
27477569	89	111	Secondary Brain Injury	T037	C0270611
27477569	118	130	Experimental	T080	C1517586
27477569	131	154	Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	T047	C0038525
27477569	156	160	eSAH	T047	C0038525
27477569	162	172	Activation	T052	C1879547
27477569	176	191	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
27477569	207	229	secondary brain injury	T037	C0270611
27477569	236	248	experimental	T080	C1517586
27477569	249	272	subarachnoid hemorrhage	T047	C0038525
27477569	274	278	eSAH	T047	C0038525
27477569	281	290	Microglia	T025	C0206116
27477569	291	303	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27477569	308	318	activation	T052	C1879547
27477569	330	335	brain	T023	C0006104
27477569	370	389	neuronal cell death	T043	C2754100
27477569	396	400	eSAH	T047	C0038525
27477569	405	413	isolated	T169	C0205409
27477569	414	419	mouse	T015	C0025929
27477569	420	425	brain	T023	C0006104
27477569	426	437	capillaries	T023	C0935624
27477569	444	448	eSAH	T047	C0038525
27477569	484	499	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27477569	504	537	intercellular adhesion molecule-1	T028	C1334074
27477569	539	545	ICAM-1	T028	C1334074
27477569	551	561	P-selectin	T028	C1335809
27477569	573	585	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
27477569	591	604	extracerebral	T082	C1254362
27477569	605	618	intravascular	T082	C0442123
27477569	619	641	inflammatory processes	T046	C1155266
27477569	672	680	reported	T058	C0700287
27477569	681	690	microglia	T025	C0206116
27477569	691	703	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27477569	715	727	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
27477569	750	754	eSAH	T047	C0038525
27477569	758	771	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
27477569	776	782	ICAM-1	T028	C1334074
27477569	784	795	ICAM-1(-/-)	T028	C1334074
27477569	801	833	P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1	T028	C1419941
27477569	835	846	PSGL-1(-/-)	T028	C1419941
27477569	882	892	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27477569	895	906	endothelial	T025	C0225336
27477569	907	918	interaction	T043	C0007582
27477569	953	961	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27477569	967	974	chronic	T079	C0205191
27477569	975	982	cranial	T082	C3163632
27477569	983	995	window model	T075	C0026339
27477569	1002	1012	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27477569	1016	1038	neutrophil recruitment	T039	C0751982
27477569	1046	1057	endothelium	T025	C0225336
27477569	1083	1094	ameliorated	T033	C0243095
27477569	1095	1104	microglia	T025	C0206116
27477569	1105	1117	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27477569	1122	1141	neuronal cell death	T043	C2754100
27477569	1145	1161	knockout animals	T008	C1171353
27477569	1223	1233	activation	T052	C1879547
27477569	1241	1251	CNS innate	T022	C3714787
27477569	1252	1265	immune system	T022	C0020962
27477569	1273	1279	vessel	T029	C0042591
27477569	1282	1287	brain	T023	C0006104
27477569	1308	1312	eSAH	T047	C0038525
27477569	1314	1323	Microglia	T025	C0206116
27477569	1324	1329	cells	T025	C0007634
27477569	1346	1353	brain's	T023	C0006104
27477569	1354	1374	innate immune system	T032	C0020969
27477569	1380	1389	triggered	T080	C1444748
27477569	1396	1417	inflammatory reaction	T046	C0021368
27477569	1425	1441	microvasculature	T042	C0243079
27477569	1448	1452	eSAH	T047	C0038525
27477569	1475	1494	neuronal cell death	T043	C2754100
27477569	1537	1545	research	T062	C0035168
27477569	1546	1553	targets	T169	C1521840
27477569	1575	1582	therapy	T169	C0039798
27477569	1595	1603	patients	T101	C0030705
27477569	1619	1623	eSAH	T047	C0038525

27478234|t|Evaluation of nutraceutical and antinutritional properties in barnyard and finger millet varieties grown in Himalayan region
27478234|a|Five elite varieties of barnyard (Echinochloa frumentacea) and finger (Eleusine coracana) growing at northwestern Himalaya were investigated for nutraceutical and antinutritional properties. Barnyard millet contained higher amount of crude fiber, total dietary fiber, tryptophan content, total carotenoids, α-tocopherol compared to the finger millet whereas the finger millet contains higher amount of methionine and ascorbic acid as compared to the barnyard millet. The secondary metabolites of biological functions were analyzed and found that barnyard millet contained the higher amount of polyphenols, tannins and ortho-dihydroxy phenol content compared to finger millet. Among antinutitional compounds barnyard millet contained lower phytic acid content compare to finger millet whereas no significant difference in trypsin inhibition activity of barnyard millet and finger millet varieties were found. Barnyard millet contained higher acid phosphatase, α-galactosidase and α-amylase inhibitor activity compared to finger millet. Finger millet seeds contained about 10-13 folds higher calcium content and double amount of manganese content in comparison to barnyard millet seeds. Present study suggests that barnyard millet varieties studied under present investigation were found nutritionally superior compared to finger millet varieties.
27478234	14	27	nutraceutical	T033	C0243095
27478234	32	58	antinutritional properties	T033	C0243095
27478234	62	70	barnyard	T002	C1075468
27478234	75	88	finger millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	89	98	varieties	T077	C1254372
27478234	108	124	Himalayan region	UnknownType	C0681784
27478234	136	145	varieties	T077	C1254372
27478234	149	157	barnyard	T002	C1075468
27478234	159	182	Echinochloa frumentacea	T002	C1075468
27478234	188	194	finger	T002	C0997163
27478234	196	213	Eleusine coracana	T002	C0997163
27478234	226	247	northwestern Himalaya	UnknownType	C0681784
27478234	253	265	investigated	T169	C1292732
27478234	270	283	nutraceutical	T033	C0243095
27478234	288	314	antinutritional properties	T033	C0243095
27478234	316	331	Barnyard millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	349	355	amount	T081	C1265611
27478234	359	370	crude fiber	T109	C2348013
27478234	372	391	total dietary fiber	T168	C0012173
27478234	393	403	tryptophan	T116,T121,T123	C0041249
27478234	404	411	content	T077	C0456205
27478234	413	430	total carotenoids	T109,T121,T123	C0007271
27478234	432	444	α-tocopherol	T109,T121,T127	C0969677
27478234	461	474	finger millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	487	500	finger millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	517	523	amount	T081	C1265611
27478234	527	537	methionine	T116,T121,T123	C0025646
27478234	542	555	ascorbic acid	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
27478234	575	590	barnyard millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	596	617	secondary metabolites	T123	C0870883
27478234	621	641	biological functions	T038	C3714634
27478234	671	686	barnyard millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	708	714	amount	T081	C1265611
27478234	718	729	polyphenols	T109,T121	C0071649
27478234	731	738	tannins	T109,T121	C0039294
27478234	743	765	ortho-dihydroxy phenol	T109	C0029224
27478234	766	773	content	T077	C0456205
27478234	786	799	finger millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	807	831	antinutitional compounds	T109	C0029224
27478234	832	847	barnyard millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	864	875	phytic acid	T109,T121,T123,T130	C0031855
27478234	876	883	content	T077	C0456205
27478234	895	908	finger millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	917	942	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
27478234	946	973	trypsin inhibition activity	T044	C1148560
27478234	977	992	barnyard millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	997	1010	finger millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	1011	1020	varieties	T077	C1254372
27478234	1033	1048	Barnyard millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	1066	1082	acid phosphatase	T116,T126	C0001109
27478234	1084	1099	α-galactosidase	T116,T126	C0016955
27478234	1104	1132	α-amylase inhibitor activity	T044	C1152556
27478234	1145	1158	finger millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	1160	1179	Finger millet seeds	T168	C0026145
27478234	1215	1222	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27478234	1223	1230	content	T077	C0456205
27478234	1242	1248	amount	T081	C1265611
27478234	1252	1261	manganese	T123,T196	C0024706
27478234	1262	1269	content	T077	C0456205
27478234	1287	1308	barnyard millet seeds	T168	C0026145
27478234	1338	1353	barnyard millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	1354	1363	varieties	T077	C1254372
27478234	1446	1459	finger millet	T168	C0026145
27478234	1460	1469	varieties	T077	C1254372

27478387|t|Amphetamine Withdrawal Differentially Increases the Expression of Organic Cation Transporter 3 and Serotonin Transporter in Limbic Brain Regions
27478387|a|Amphetamine withdrawal increases anxiety and stress sensitivity related to blunted ventral hippocampus (vHipp) and enhances the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) serotonin responses. Extracellular serotonin levels are regulated by the serotonin transporter (SERT) and organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3), and vHipp OCT3 expression is enhanced during 24 hours of amphetamine withdrawal, while SERT expression is unaltered. Here, we tested whether OCT3 and SERT expression in the CeA is also affected during acute withdrawal to explain opposing regional alterations in limbic serotonergic neurotransmission and if respective changes continued with two weeks of withdrawal. We also determined whether changes in transporter expression were confined to these regions. Male rats received amphetamine or saline for two weeks followed by 24 hours or two weeks of withdrawal, with transporter expression measured using Western immunoblot. OCT3 and SERT expression increased in the CeA at both withdrawal timepoints. In the vHipp, OCT3 expression increased only at 24 hours of withdrawal, with an equivalent pattern seen in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. No changes were evident in any other regions sampled. These regionally specific changes in limbic OCT3 and SERT expression may partially contribute to the serotonergic imbalance and negative affect during amphetamine withdrawal.
27478387	0	22	Amphetamine Withdrawal	T048	C0236665
27478387	52	62	Expression	T045	C1171362
27478387	66	94	Organic Cation Transporter 3	T116,T123	C1453697
27478387	99	120	Serotonin Transporter	T116,T123	C0170657
27478387	124	130	Limbic	T022	C0023715
27478387	131	144	Brain Regions	T023	C0006104
27478387	145	167	Amphetamine withdrawal	T048	C0236665
27478387	178	185	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27478387	190	196	stress	T033	C0038435
27478387	220	227	blunted	T080	C1997138
27478387	228	235	ventral	T082	C1704448
27478387	236	247	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27478387	249	254	vHipp	T023	C0019564
27478387	273	304	central nucleus of the amygdala	T023	C0175219
27478387	306	309	CeA	T023	C0175219
27478387	311	320	serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
27478387	321	330	responses	T032	C0871261
27478387	332	345	Extracellular	T026	C0521119
27478387	346	355	serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
27478387	356	362	levels	T080	C0441889
27478387	384	405	serotonin transporter	T116,T123	C0170657
27478387	407	411	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
27478387	417	445	organic cation transporter 3	T116,T123	C1453697
27478387	447	451	OCT3	T116,T123	C1453697
27478387	458	463	vHipp	T023	C0019564
27478387	464	468	OCT3	T116,T123	C1453697
27478387	469	479	expression	T045	C1171362
27478387	499	507	24 hours	T079	C1442770
27478387	511	533	amphetamine withdrawal	T048	C0236665
27478387	541	545	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
27478387	546	556	expression	T045	C1171362
27478387	595	599	OCT3	T116,T123	C1453697
27478387	604	608	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
27478387	609	619	expression	T045	C1171362
27478387	627	630	CeA	T023	C0175219
27478387	661	671	withdrawal	T048	C2825032
27478387	716	722	limbic	T022	C0023715
27478387	723	753	serotonergic neurotransmission	T043	C2262837
27478387	795	804	two weeks	T079	C4082118
27478387	808	818	withdrawal	T048	C2825032
27478387	858	869	transporter	T116,T123	C0596902
27478387	870	880	expression	T045	C1171362
27478387	913	917	Male	T032	C0086582
27478387	918	922	rats	T015	C0004728
27478387	932	943	amphetamine	T109,T121,T123	C0002658
27478387	947	953	saline	T167	C0036082
27478387	958	967	two weeks	T079	C4082118
27478387	980	988	24 hours	T079	C1442770
27478387	992	1001	two weeks	T079	C4082118
27478387	1005	1015	withdrawal	T048	C2825032
27478387	1022	1033	transporter	T116,T123	C0596902
27478387	1034	1044	expression	T045	C1171362
27478387	1060	1078	Western immunoblot	T059	C0949466
27478387	1080	1084	OCT3	T116,T123	C1453697
27478387	1089	1093	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
27478387	1094	1104	expression	T045	C1171362
27478387	1122	1125	CeA	T023	C0175219
27478387	1134	1144	withdrawal	T048	C2825032
27478387	1164	1169	vHipp	T023	C0019564
27478387	1171	1175	OCT3	T116,T123	C1453697
27478387	1176	1186	expression	T045	C1171362
27478387	1205	1213	24 hours	T079	C1442770
27478387	1217	1227	withdrawal	T048	C2825032
27478387	1268	1292	dorsomedial hypothalamus	T023	C0013055
27478387	1294	1304	No changes	T033	C0442739
27478387	1331	1338	regions	T029	C0005898
27478387	1385	1391	limbic	T022	C0023715
27478387	1392	1396	OCT3	T116,T123	C1453697
27478387	1401	1405	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
27478387	1406	1416	expression	T045	C1171362
27478387	1449	1461	serotonergic	T109,T123	C0036751
27478387	1462	1471	imbalance	T184	C1397014
27478387	1476	1491	negative affect	T033	C1513916
27478387	1499	1521	amphetamine withdrawal	T048	C0236665

27478553|t|Nutritional aspects of night eating and its association with weight status among Korean adolescents
27478553|a|A growing body of research has indicated that night eating could be associated with poor diet quality and negative health outcomes. This study examined the nutritional aspects of night eating, its related factors, and the association between night eating and body weight among Korean adolescents. This study analysed the data from a one day 24-hour dietary recall as well as a demographic survey of 1,738 Korean adolescents aged 12 to 18- years -old obtained from the 2010-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. ' Night eating ' was defined as consuming 25% or more of one's daily energy intake between 21:00 and 06:00. Subjects complying with the preceding condition were classified as ' night eaters ', whereas the rest were considered ' non-night eaters '. Logistic regression analysis examined factors related to night eating. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between night eating and BMI z-scores, whereas multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between night eating and weight status. About 21% of Korean adolescents appeared to be night eaters. Night eaters showed increased breakfast skipping (P = 0.001), higher energy intake from snacks (P < 0.001), greater proportion of energy intake from fat (P = 0.029), and lower Dietary Diversity Scores (P = 0.008) than non-night eaters. Male adolescents presented 1.9 times higher odds of being night eaters than females. Adolescents whose both parents were night eaters were 4.4 times as likely to be night eaters as those whose neither parents were. Female adolescents showed a significant relationship between night eating and BMI z-scores (β = 0.28, P = 0.004). However, night eating did not increase odds of being overweight or obese in adolescents. Night eating in Korean adolescents was related to undesirable dietary behaviours and low diet quality in general as well as higher BMI z-scores in females. Male gender and parental night eating appeared to be the factors that significantly increased odds of night eating. These results suggest that night eating should be considered when designing nutrition education or intervention programs targeting adolescents.
27478553	0	19	Nutritional aspects	T169	C0868998
27478553	23	28	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	29	35	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	44	60	association with	T080	C0332281
27478553	61	67	weight	T032	C0005910
27478553	68	74	status	T080	C0449438
27478553	81	87	Korean	T098	C1556095
27478553	88	99	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27478553	102	109	growing	T169	C0205245
27478553	118	126	research	T062	C0035168
27478553	146	151	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	152	158	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	168	183	associated with	T080	C0332281
27478553	184	193	poor diet	T033	C0588012
27478553	194	201	quality	T080	C0332306
27478553	206	214	negative	T033	C0205160
27478553	215	230	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27478553	237	242	study	T170	C0085973
27478553	256	275	nutritional aspects	T169	C0868998
27478553	279	284	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	285	291	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	305	312	factors	T169	C1521761
27478553	322	333	association	T080	C0439849
27478553	342	347	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	348	354	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	359	370	body weight	T032	C0005910
27478553	377	383	Korean	T098	C1556095
27478553	384	395	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27478553	402	407	study	T170	C0085973
27478553	421	425	data	T078	C1511726
27478553	437	440	day	T079	C0439228
27478553	449	463	dietary recall	T062	C0242481
27478553	477	495	demographic survey	T062	C0011296
27478553	505	511	Korean	T098	C1556095
27478553	512	523	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27478553	539	544	years	T079	C0439234
27478553	578	583	Korea	T083	C0022771
27478553	584	632	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0376344
27478553	636	641	Night	T079	C0240526
27478553	642	648	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	697	716	daily energy intake	T081	C0564415
27478553	742	750	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27478553	780	789	condition	T080	C0348080
27478553	811	816	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	817	823	eaters	T098	C1257890
27478553	862	878	non-night eaters	T098	C1257890
27478553	882	910	Logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27478553	920	927	factors	T169	C1521761
27478553	939	944	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	945	951	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	953	988	Multiple linear regression analyses	T081	C0023733
27478553	1014	1026	relationship	T080	C0439849
27478553	1035	1040	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	1041	1047	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	1052	1055	BMI	T201	C1305855
27478553	1056	1064	z-scores	T081	C0871421
27478553	1074	1114	multinomial logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27478553	1139	1151	relationship	T080	C0439849
27478553	1160	1165	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	1166	1172	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	1177	1183	weight	T032	C0005910
27478553	1184	1190	status	T080	C0449438
27478553	1205	1211	Korean	T098	C1556095
27478553	1212	1223	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27478553	1239	1244	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	1245	1251	eaters	T098	C1257890
27478553	1253	1258	Night	T079	C0240526
27478553	1259	1265	eaters	T098	C1257890
27478553	1273	1282	increased	T081	C0205217
27478553	1283	1292	breakfast	T056	C2698559
27478553	1293	1301	skipping	T033	C0560435
27478553	1322	1335	energy intake	T081	C0006777
27478553	1341	1347	snacks	T168	C0453863
27478553	1369	1405	proportion of energy intake from fat	T081	C0564429
27478553	1423	1453	lower Dietary Diversity Scores	T081	C0449820
27478553	1471	1487	non-night eaters	T098	C1257890
27478553	1489	1493	Male	T032	C0086582
27478553	1494	1505	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27478553	1520	1525	times	T081	C1632851
27478553	1547	1552	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	1553	1559	eaters	T098	C1257890
27478553	1565	1572	females	T032	C0086287
27478553	1574	1585	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27478553	1597	1604	parents	T099	C0030551
27478553	1610	1615	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	1616	1622	eaters	T098	C1257890
27478553	1632	1637	times	T081	C1632851
27478553	1654	1659	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	1660	1666	eaters	T098	C1257890
27478553	1690	1697	parents	T099	C0030551
27478553	1704	1710	Female	T032	C0086287
27478553	1711	1722	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27478553	1744	1756	relationship	T080	C0439849
27478553	1765	1770	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	1771	1777	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	1782	1785	BMI	T201	C1305855
27478553	1786	1794	z-scores	T081	C0871421
27478553	1827	1832	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	1833	1839	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	1848	1856	increase	T169	C0442805
27478553	1871	1881	overweight	T184	C0497406
27478553	1885	1890	obese	T047	C0028754
27478553	1894	1905	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27478553	1907	1912	Night	T079	C0240526
27478553	1913	1919	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	1923	1929	Korean	T098	C1556095
27478553	1930	1941	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27478553	1957	1987	undesirable dietary behaviours	T033	C4019289
27478553	1992	2008	low diet quality	T033	C2136285
27478553	2038	2041	BMI	T201	C1305855
27478553	2042	2050	z-scores	T081	C0871421
27478553	2054	2061	females	T032	C0086287
27478553	2063	2067	Male	T032	C0086582
27478553	2068	2074	gender	T032	C0079399
27478553	2079	2087	parental	T099	C0030551
27478553	2088	2093	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	2094	2100	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	2120	2127	factors	T169	C1521761
27478553	2147	2156	increased	T081	C0205217
27478553	2165	2170	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	2171	2177	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	2206	2211	night	T079	C0240526
27478553	2212	2218	eating	T040	C0013470
27478553	2255	2274	nutrition education	T065	C0204934
27478553	2278	2299	intervention programs	T061	C0599917
27478553	2310	2321	adolescents	T100	C0205653

27478557|t|Observation of Network Dynamics of Ryanodine Receptors on Skeletal Muscle Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membranes
27478557|a|Rabbit muscle vesicles derived from sarcoplasmic reticulum were used as a material in studying networks of ryanodine receptors by cryo electron tomography. Three-dimensional analysis reveals the dynamical features of these networks. It was found that the connection angles were rotated along the transmembrane axis of ryanodine receptors. Majority of the connections was observed at domains 6/6 of ryanodine receptors while a small group of connections were showed at domains 9/10. The flexible rotation and connection shift seem to facilitate the extension of an annular network on the wall of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a triad.
27478557	0	11	Observation	T062	C0302523
27478557	15	22	Network	T169	C1882071
27478557	23	31	Dynamics	T070	C3826426
27478557	35	54	Ryanodine Receptors	T116,T192	C0917729
27478557	58	73	Skeletal Muscle	T024	C0242692
27478557	74	106	Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Membranes	T026	C2246404
27478557	107	113	Rabbit	T015	C3887509
27478557	114	120	muscle	T024	C0026845
27478557	121	129	vesicles	T026	C1622418
27478557	143	165	sarcoplasmic reticulum	T026	C0036226
27478557	181	201	material in studying	T075	C2985618
27478557	202	210	networks	T169	C1882071
27478557	214	233	ryanodine receptors	T116,T192	C0917729
27478557	237	241	cryo	T070	C0009264
27478557	242	261	electron tomography	T059	C2350255
27478557	263	289	Three-dimensional analysis	T062	C0936012
27478557	302	311	dynamical	T070	C3826426
27478557	312	320	features	T080	C2348519
27478557	330	338	networks	T169	C1882071
27478557	362	372	connection	T082	C0449379
27478557	373	379	angles	T082	C0205143
27478557	385	392	rotated	T082	C0231458
27478557	403	416	transmembrane	T026	C1167322
27478557	417	421	axis	T082	C1522496
27478557	425	444	ryanodine receptors	T116,T192	C0917729
27478557	462	473	connections	T082	C0449379
27478557	490	501	domains 6/6	T087	C1514562
27478557	505	524	ryanodine receptors	T116,T192	C0917729
27478557	533	544	small group	T102	C0679993
27478557	548	559	connections	T082	C0449379
27478557	575	587	domains 9/10	T087	C1514562
27478557	593	601	flexible	T080	C0443220
27478557	602	610	rotation	T169	C0035868
27478557	615	625	connection	T082	C0449379
27478557	626	631	shift	T169	C0333051
27478557	655	664	extension	T169	C0231448
27478557	671	678	annular	T082	C0521164
27478557	679	686	network	T169	C1882071
27478557	694	728	wall of the sarcoplasmic reticulum	T026	C2246404
27478557	734	739	triad	T026	C1179146

27479458|t|Effects of Montelukast in an Experimental Model of Acute Pancreatitis
27479458|a|BACKGROUND We evaluated the hematological, biochemical, and histopathological effects of Montelukast on pancreatic damage in an experimental acute pancreatitis model created by cerulein in rats before and after the induction of pancreatitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty rats were divided into 4 groups with 10 rats each. The study groups were: the Cerulein (C) group, the Cerulein + early Montelukast (CMe) group, the Cerulein + late Montelukast (CMl) group, and the Control group. The pH, pO2, pCO2, HCO3, leukocyte, hematocrit, pancreatic amylase, and lipase values were measured in the arterial blood samples taken immediately before rats were killed. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences between the C group and the Control group in the values of pancreatic amylase, lipase, blood leukocyte, hematocrit, pH, pO2, pCO2, HCO3, and pancreatic water content, and also in each of the values of edema, inflammation, vacuolization, necrosis, and total histopathological score (P<0.05). When the CMl group and C group were compared, no statistically significant differences were found in any parameter analyzed. When the CMe group was compared with the C group, pancreatic amylase, lipase, pH, PO2, pCO2, HCO3, pancreatic water content, histopathological edema, inflammation, and total histopathological score values were significantly different between the groups (P<0.05). Finally, when the CMe group and the Control group were compared, significant differences were found in all except 2 (leukocyte and pO2) parameters (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Leukotriene receptor antagonists used in the late phases of pancreatitis might not result in any benefit; however, when they are given in the early phases or prophylactically, they may decrease pancreatic damage.
27479458	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27479458	11	22	Montelukast	T109,T121	C0298130
27479458	29	47	Experimental Model	T170	C0086272
27479458	51	69	Acute Pancreatitis	T047	C0001339
27479458	84	93	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27479458	98	111	hematological	T169	C0205488
27479458	113	124	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27479458	130	147	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27479458	148	158	effects of	T080	C1704420
27479458	159	170	Montelukast	T109,T121	C0298130
27479458	174	184	pancreatic	T023	C0030274
27479458	185	191	damage	T169	C1883709
27479458	211	229	acute pancreatitis	T047	C0001339
27479458	230	235	model	T050	C0684309
27479458	247	255	cerulein	T116,T121,T123	C0006639
27479458	259	263	rats	T015	C0034693
27479458	285	294	induction	T169	C0205263
27479458	298	310	pancreatitis	T047	C0030305
27479458	339	343	rats	T015	C0034693
27479458	364	370	groups	T098	C1257890
27479458	379	383	rats	T015	C0034693
27479458	394	406	study groups	T098	C2348561
27479458	417	425	Cerulein	T116,T121,T123	C0006639
27479458	427	428	C	T116,T121,T123	C0006639
27479458	430	435	group	T098	C1257890
27479458	441	449	Cerulein	T116,T121,T123	C0006639
27479458	452	457	early	T079	C1279919
27479458	458	469	Montelukast	T109,T121	C0298130
27479458	476	481	group	T098	C1257890
27479458	487	495	Cerulein	T116,T121,T123	C0006639
27479458	498	502	late	T079	C0205087
27479458	503	514	Montelukast	T109,T121	C0298130
27479458	521	526	group	T098	C1257890
27479458	536	549	Control group	T096	C0009932
27479458	555	557	pH	T081	C0020283
27479458	559	562	pO2	T044	C0391840
27479458	564	568	pCO2	T034	C0391839
27479458	570	574	HCO3	T121,T197	C0005367
27479458	576	585	leukocyte	T025	C0023516
27479458	587	597	hematocrit	T033	C0518014
27479458	599	617	pancreatic amylase	T116,T126	C0301812
27479458	623	629	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27479458	630	636	values	T081	C1522609
27479458	658	680	arterial blood samples	T031	C0444253
27479458	706	710	rats	T015	C0034693
27479458	743	768	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27479458	769	780	differences	T080	C1705242
27479458	793	794	C	T116,T121,T123	C0006639
27479458	795	800	group	T098	C1257890
27479458	809	822	Control group	T096	C0009932
27479458	830	836	values	T081	C1522609
27479458	840	858	pancreatic amylase	T116,T126	C0301812
27479458	860	866	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27479458	868	883	blood leukocyte	T025	C0023516
27479458	885	895	hematocrit	T033	C0518014
27479458	897	899	pH	T081	C0020283
27479458	901	904	pO2	T044	C0391840
27479458	906	910	pCO2	T034	C0391839
27479458	912	916	HCO3	T121,T197	C0005367
27479458	922	932	pancreatic	T023	C0030274
27479458	933	946	water content	T081	C0392762
27479458	972	978	values	T081	C1522609
27479458	982	987	edema	T184	C0013604
27479458	989	1001	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27479458	1003	1016	vacuolization	T033	C0010840
27479458	1018	1026	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27479458	1038	1055	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27479458	1085	1090	group	T098	C1257890
27479458	1095	1096	C	T116,T121,T123	C0006639
27479458	1097	1102	group	T098	C1257890
27479458	1121	1146	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27479458	1147	1158	differences	T080	C1705242
27479458	1177	1186	parameter	T033	C0449381
27479458	1210	1215	group	T098	C1257890
27479458	1238	1239	C	T116,T121,T123	C0006639
27479458	1240	1245	group	T098	C1257890
27479458	1247	1265	pancreatic amylase	T116,T126	C0301812
27479458	1267	1273	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27479458	1275	1277	pH	T081	C0020283
27479458	1279	1282	PO2	T044	C0391840
27479458	1284	1288	pCO2	T034	C0391839
27479458	1290	1294	HCO3	T121,T197	C0005367
27479458	1296	1306	pancreatic	T023	C0030274
27479458	1307	1320	water content	T081	C0392762
27479458	1322	1339	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27479458	1340	1345	edema	T184	C0013604
27479458	1347	1359	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27479458	1371	1388	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27479458	1395	1401	values	T081	C1522609
27479458	1443	1449	groups	T098	C1257890
27479458	1482	1487	group	T098	C1257890
27479458	1496	1509	Control group	T096	C0009932
27479458	1537	1548	differences	T080	C1705242
27479458	1577	1586	leukocyte	T025	C0023516
27479458	1591	1594	pO2	T044	C0391840
27479458	1596	1606	parameters	T033	C0449381
27479458	1629	1661	Leukotriene receptor antagonists	T109,T121	C0595726
27479458	1674	1685	late phases	T058	C1254363
27479458	1689	1701	pancreatitis	T047	C0030305
27479458	1726	1733	benefit	T081	C0814225
27479458	1771	1783	early phases	UnknownType	C0814494
27479458	1823	1833	pancreatic	T023	C0030274
27479458	1834	1840	damage	T169	C1883709

27479571|t|Functional characterization of the Aspergillus nidulans glucosylceramide pathway reveals that LCB Δ8-desaturation and C9-methylation are relevant to filamentous growth, lipid raft localization and Psd1 defensin activity
27479571|a|C8-desaturated and C9-methylated glucosylceramide (GlcCer) is a fungal -specific sphingolipid that plays an important role in the growth and virulence of many species. In this work, we investigated the contribution of Aspergillus nidulans sphingolipid Δ8-desaturase (SdeA), sphingolipid C9-methyltransferases (SmtA / SmtB) and glucosylceramide synthase (GcsA) to fungal phenotypes, sensitivity to Psd1 defensin and Galleria mellonella virulence. We showed that ΔsdeA accumulated C8-saturated and unmethylated GlcCer, while gcsA deletion impaired GlcCer synthesis. Although increased levels of unmethylated GlcCer were observed in smtA and smtB mutants, ΔsmtA and wild-type cells showed a similar 9,Me-GlcCer content, reduced by 50% in the smtB disruptant. The compromised 9,Me-GlcCer production in the ΔsmtB strain was not accompanied by reduced filamentation or defects in cell polarity. When combined with the smtA deletion, smtB repression significantly increased unmethylated GlcCer levels and compromised filamentous growth. Furthermore, sdeA and gcsA mutants displayed growth defects and raft mislocalization, which were accompanied by reduced neutral lipids levels and attenuated G. mellonella virulence in the ΔgcsA strain. Finally, ΔsdeA and ΔgcsA showed increased resistance to Psd1, suggesting that GlcCer synthesis and fungal sphingoid base structure specificities are relevant not only to differentiation but also to proper recognition by this antifungal defensin.
27479571	35	55	Aspergillus nidulans	T004	C0004038
27479571	56	72	glucosylceramide	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	73	80	pathway	T044	C1704259
27479571	94	97	LCB	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	98	113	Δ8-desaturation	T044	C1158365
27479571	118	132	C9-methylation	T044	C0025723
27479571	149	167	filamentous growth	T043	C1156246
27479571	169	192	lipid raft localization	T043	C1660773
27479571	197	210	Psd1 defensin	T116,T121	C0915600
27479571	211	219	activity	T052	C0441655
27479571	220	269	C8-desaturated and C9-methylated glucosylceramide	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	271	277	GlcCer	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	284	290	fungal	T004	C0016832
27479571	301	313	sphingolipid	T109	C0037900
27479571	350	356	growth	T040	C0018270
27479571	361	370	virulence	T038	C0042765
27479571	379	386	species	T185	C1705920
27479571	438	458	Aspergillus nidulans	T004	C0004038
27479571	459	485	sphingolipid Δ8-desaturase	T116,T126	C1172420
27479571	487	491	SdeA	T116,T126	C1172420
27479571	494	528	sphingolipid C9-methyltransferases	T116,T126	C0025831
27479571	530	534	SmtA	T116,T126	C0025831
27479571	537	541	SmtB	T116,T126	C0025831
27479571	547	572	glucosylceramide synthase	T116,T126	C0163410
27479571	574	578	GcsA	T116,T126	C0163410
27479571	583	589	fungal	T004	C0016832
27479571	590	600	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27479571	617	630	Psd1 defensin	T116,T121	C0915600
27479571	635	654	Galleria mellonella	T204	C0998468
27479571	655	664	virulence	T038	C0042765
27479571	681	686	ΔsdeA	T045	C0017260
27479571	699	735	C8-saturated and unmethylated GlcCer	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	743	747	gcsA	T028	C1421319
27479571	748	756	deletion	T045	C0017260
27479571	757	765	impaired	T169	C0221099
27479571	766	772	GlcCer	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	813	832	unmethylated GlcCer	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	850	854	smtA	T028	C0017337
27479571	859	863	smtB	T028	C0017337
27479571	864	871	mutants	T049	C0596988
27479571	873	878	ΔsmtA	T045	C0017260
27479571	883	892	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27479571	893	898	cells	T025	C0007634
27479571	916	927	9,Me-GlcCer	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	959	963	smtB	T028	C0017337
27479571	964	974	disruptant	T049	C0596988
27479571	992	1003	9,Me-GlcCer	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	1022	1027	ΔsmtB	T045	C0017260
27479571	1028	1034	strain	T001	C1518614
27479571	1066	1079	filamentation	T043	C0007613
27479571	1083	1090	defects	T169	C0243067
27479571	1094	1107	cell polarity	T082	C0085304
27479571	1132	1136	smtA	T028	C0017337
27479571	1137	1145	deletion	T045	C0017260
27479571	1147	1151	smtB	T028	C0017337
27479571	1152	1162	repression	T045	C0178656
27479571	1187	1206	unmethylated GlcCer	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	1230	1248	filamentous growth	T043	C1156246
27479571	1263	1267	sdeA	T028	C0017337
27479571	1272	1276	gcsA	T028	C1421319
27479571	1277	1284	mutants	T049	C0596988
27479571	1295	1301	growth	T040	C0018270
27479571	1302	1309	defects	T169	C0243067
27479571	1314	1318	raft	T026	C1167250
27479571	1362	1391	reduced neutral lipids levels	T033	C0243095
27479571	1407	1420	G. mellonella	T204	C0998468
27479571	1421	1430	virulence	T038	C0042765
27479571	1438	1443	ΔgcsA	T045	C0017260
27479571	1444	1450	strain	T001	C1518614
27479571	1461	1466	ΔsdeA	T045	C0017260
27479571	1471	1476	ΔgcsA	T045	C0017260
27479571	1508	1512	Psd1	T116,T121	C0915600
27479571	1530	1536	GlcCer	T109,T123	C0017770
27479571	1551	1557	fungal	T004	C0016832
27479571	1558	1582	sphingoid base structure	T170	C0220807
27479571	1677	1687	antifungal	T121	C1136254
27479571	1688	1696	defensin	T116,T121,T129	C0057256

27479867|t|Subepidermal Calcified Nodules of the Eyelid Differ in Children and Adults
27479867|a|Subepidermal calcified nodule of the eyelid is considered as one of the types of calcinosis cutis. It generally occurs in children, and is not known to be associated with systemic disease. The authors report histopathological and clinical findings in 14 cases of subepidermal calcified nodule of the eyelid, including 3 older patients with unique microscopic features. Clinical records and pathological materials were critically reviewed in each case, including von kossa, CD3, CD20, and CD68 stains. The 14 cases presented clinically as nodular eyelid lesions. All were treated with surgical excision. The authors found 2 distinct histopathological patterns which correlated with the patients ' age. In young patients, the authors observed multiple, small calcified bodies within the dermis surrounded by chronic inflammation and granulomatous foreign body reaction. On the other hand, in elderly patients, lesions were characterized by a single, large, well-demarcated amorphous calcified deposit surrounded by fibrous tissue, without chronic inflammation or foreign body reaction. One of these patients, a 70- year-old man, also suffered from gout. The presence of subepidermal calcified nodule was not documented as a preoperative diagnostic possibility in any of the cases. Subepidermal calcified nodule of the eyelid is a rare condition, but should be considered in any patient presenting with a painless white to yellowish colored nodule of the ocular adnexa, particularly during the teenage years. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware that this entity has a distinct appearance and could be associated with systemic conditions in elderly patients.
27479867	0	12	Subepidermal	T029	C0221935
27479867	13	30	Calcified Nodules	T169	C0332558
27479867	38	44	Eyelid	T023	C0015426
27479867	55	63	Children	T100	C0008059
27479867	68	74	Adults	T100	C0001675
27479867	75	87	Subepidermal	T029	C0221935
27479867	88	104	calcified nodule	T169	C0332558
27479867	112	118	eyelid	T023	C0015426
27479867	147	152	types	T080	C0332307
27479867	156	172	calcinosis cutis	T047	C0006664
27479867	187	193	occurs	T079	C2745955
27479867	197	205	children	T100	C0008059
27479867	230	245	associated with	T080	C0332281
27479867	246	262	systemic disease	T047	C0442893
27479867	268	275	authors	T097	C3812881
27479867	276	282	report	T058	C0700287
27479867	283	300	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27479867	305	322	clinical findings	T201	C3854293
27479867	329	334	cases	T077	C1706256
27479867	338	350	subepidermal	T029	C0221935
27479867	351	367	calcified nodule	T169	C0332558
27479867	375	381	eyelid	T023	C0015426
27479867	395	400	older	T098	C0001792
27479867	401	409	patients	T101	C0030705
27479867	422	433	microscopic	T080	C0205288
27479867	434	442	features	T080	C1521970
27479867	444	460	Clinical records	T170	C2735296
27479867	465	477	pathological	T169	C1521733
27479867	478	487	materials	T167	C0520510
27479867	504	512	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27479867	521	525	case	T077	C1706256
27479867	537	546	von kossa	T059	C1293943
27479867	548	551	CD3	T130	C0038128
27479867	553	557	CD20	T130	C0038128
27479867	563	574	CD68 stains	T130	C0038128
27479867	583	588	cases	T077	C1706256
27479867	599	609	clinically	T080	C0205210
27479867	613	620	nodular	T080	C0205297
27479867	621	635	eyelid lesions	T033	C0578590
27479867	646	653	treated	T169	C1522326
27479867	659	676	surgical excision	T061	C0728940
27479867	682	689	authors	T097	C3812881
27479867	707	733	histopathological patterns	T169	C0243140
27479867	740	750	correlated	T080	C1707520
27479867	760	768	patients	T101	C0030705
27479867	771	774	age	T032	C0001779
27479867	779	784	young	T079	C0332239
27479867	785	793	patients	T101	C0030705
27479867	799	806	authors	T097	C3812881
27479867	816	824	multiple	T081	C0439064
27479867	826	831	small	T081	C0700321
27479867	832	848	calcified bodies	T033	C0243095
27479867	860	866	dermis	T024	C0011646
27479867	867	877	surrounded	T082	C1282914
27479867	881	901	chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
27479867	906	941	granulomatous foreign body reaction	T046	C0018193
27479867	965	972	elderly	T098	C0001792
27479867	973	981	patients	T101	C0030705
27479867	983	990	lesions	T033	C0578590
27479867	996	1009	characterized	T052	C1880022
27479867	1015	1021	single	T081	C0205171
27479867	1023	1028	large	T081	C0549177
27479867	1030	1073	well-demarcated amorphous calcified deposit	T042	C1533591
27479867	1074	1084	surrounded	T082	C1282914
27479867	1088	1102	fibrous tissue	T024	C0225331
27479867	1112	1132	chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
27479867	1136	1157	foreign body reaction	T046	C0016549
27479867	1172	1180	patients	T101	C0030705
27479867	1188	1196	year-old	T079	C1510829
27479867	1197	1200	man	T098	C0025266
27479867	1231	1239	presence	T033	C0150312
27479867	1243	1255	subepidermal	T029	C0221935
27479867	1256	1272	calcified nodule	T169	C0332558
27479867	1281	1291	documented	T058	C1301725
27479867	1297	1309	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27479867	1310	1320	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27479867	1321	1332	possibility	T080	C0205556
27479867	1347	1352	cases	T077	C1706256
27479867	1354	1366	Subepidermal	T029	C0221935
27479867	1367	1383	calcified nodule	T169	C0332558
27479867	1391	1397	eyelid	T023	C0015426
27479867	1403	1407	rare	T080	C0522498
27479867	1408	1417	condition	T080	C0348080
27479867	1451	1458	patient	T101	C0030705
27479867	1477	1485	painless	T169	C0234226
27479867	1486	1519	white to yellowish colored nodule	T033	C0243095
27479867	1527	1540	ocular adnexa	T023	C0229243
27479867	1566	1573	teenage	T079	C0001578
27479867	1574	1579	years	T079	C0439234
27479867	1581	1591	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
27479867	1596	1608	pathologists	T097	C0334901
27479867	1635	1641	entity	T071	C1551338
27479867	1657	1667	appearance	T081	C1547010
27479867	1681	1696	associated with	T080	C0332281
27479867	1697	1716	systemic conditions	T047	C0442893
27479867	1720	1727	elderly	T098	C0001792
27479867	1728	1736	patients	T101	C0030705

27479943|t|Cover Image, Volume 117, Number 10, October 2016
27479943|a|Cover: The cover image, by Jacqueline May Bentel et al., is based on the Article Activity of ABCG2 Is Regulated by Its Expression and Localization in DHT and Cyclopamine - Treated Breast Cancer Cells, DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25523.
27479943	0	5	Cover	T073	C3888055
27479943	6	11	Image	T170	C1704922
27479943	49	54	Cover	T073	C3888055
27479943	60	65	cover	T073	C3888055
27479943	66	71	image	T170	C1704922
27479943	122	129	Article	T170	C1706852
27479943	130	138	Activity	T044	C1537044
27479943	142	147	ABCG2	T116,T123	C0761993
27479943	168	178	Expression	T045	C1171362
27479943	183	195	Localization	T169	C0475264
27479943	199	202	DHT	T109,T121,T125	C0038148
27479943	207	218	Cyclopamine	T109,T121	C0056789
27479943	221	228	Treated	T169	C1522326
27479943	229	248	Breast Cancer Cells	T025	C1512505

27480160|t|What kind of processing is survival processing?: Effects of different types of dual-task load on the survival processing effect
27480160|a|Words judged for their relevance in a survival context are remembered better than words processed in non-survival contexts. This phenomenon is known as the survival processing effect. Recently, inconsistent results were reported on whether the size of the survival processing effect is affected by cognitive load. Whereas Kroneisen, Rummel, and Erdfelder (Memory 22: 92-102, 2014) observed that the survival processing effect vanishes under dual-task conditions, Stillman, Coane, Profaci, Howard, and Howard (Memory & Cognition 42: 175-185, 2014, Experiment 1) found that the size of survival processing effect is essentially unaffected by a cognitively demanding secondary task. In three experiments, we investigated the differences between these studies to achieve a better understanding of dual-task effects on the survival-processing advantage. In the first experiment, we replicated Stillman et al.'s results using their dual-task conditions combined with a sample more than twice as large as theirs. In the second experiment, we compared dual-task conditions that differed regarding how strongly the secondary task taxed (a) working memory load (maintenance of one vs. several items) and (b) processing demands (switching vs. time-sharing between tasks). A third experiment focussed on low (i.e., single-item) load under time-sharing processing conditions. Results consistently showed that the survival processing effect persisted under low load but vanished when the number of items held in working memory increased beyond one, irrespective of processing demands. Implications of these findings for explanations of the survival-processing advantage are discussed.
27480160	13	23	processing	T052	C1709694
27480160	27	46	survival processing	T041	C0025361
27480160	79	93	dual-task load	T081	C0870879
27480160	101	120	survival processing	T041	C0025361
27480160	128	140	Words judged	T041	C0025361
27480160	166	182	survival context	T078	C0449255
27480160	210	225	words processed	T041	C0025361
27480160	229	250	non-survival contexts	T078	C0449255
27480160	257	267	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27480160	284	310	survival processing effect	T041	C0025361
27480160	322	342	inconsistent results	T033	C0683954
27480160	372	376	size	T082	C0456389
27480160	384	410	survival processing effect	T041	C0025361
27480160	426	440	cognitive load	T081	C0870301
27480160	450	459	Kroneisen	T098	C0027361
27480160	461	467	Rummel	T098	C0027361
27480160	473	482	Erdfelder	T098	C0027361
27480160	484	490	Memory	T041	C0025260
27480160	527	553	survival processing effect	T041	C0025361
27480160	569	589	dual-task conditions	T080	C0449910
27480160	591	599	Stillman	T098	C0027361
27480160	601	606	Coane	T098	C0027361
27480160	608	615	Profaci	T098	C0027361
27480160	617	623	Howard	T098	C0027361
27480160	629	635	Howard	T098	C0027361
27480160	637	655	Memory & Cognition	UnknownType	C0814072
27480160	704	708	size	T082	C0456389
27480160	712	731	survival processing	T041	C0025361
27480160	770	806	cognitively demanding secondary task	T041	C0025361
27480160	904	917	understanding	T041	C0162340
27480160	921	938	dual-task effects	T080	C1280500
27480160	946	975	survival-processing advantage	UnknownType	C0681075
27480160	1016	1024	Stillman	T098	C0027361
27480160	1054	1074	dual-task conditions	T080	C0449910
27480160	1172	1192	dual-task conditions	T080	C0449910
27480160	1234	1254	secondary task taxed	T041	C0025361
27480160	1259	1273	working memory	T041	C0025265
27480160	1274	1278	load	T081	C0870879
27480160	1280	1316	maintenance of one vs. several items	T081	C0034384
27480160	1326	1344	processing demands	T033	C4035671
27480160	1346	1386	switching vs. time-sharing between tasks	T041	C0025361
27480160	1397	1407	experiment	T062	C0681814
27480160	1420	1448	low (i.e., single-item) load	T081	C0870879
27480160	1455	1489	time-sharing processing conditions	T080	C0449910
27480160	1528	1547	survival processing	T041	C0025361
27480160	1571	1579	low load	T081	C0870879
27480160	1626	1640	working memory	T041	C0025265
27480160	1679	1697	processing demands	T033	C4035671
27480160	1754	1783	survival-processing advantage	UnknownType	C0681075

27480410|t|A randomized trial of Plasma-Lyte A and 0.9 % sodium chloride in acute pediatric gastroenteritis
27480410|a|Compare the efficacy and safety of Plasma-Lyte A (PLA) versus 0.9 % sodium chloride (NaCl) intravenous (IV) fluid replacement in children with moderate to severe dehydration secondary to acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Prospective, randomized, double-blind study conducted at eight pediatric emergency departments (EDs) in the US and Canada (NCT#01234883). The primary outcome measure was serum bicarbonate level at 4 h. Secondary outcomes included safety and tolerability. The hypothesis was that PLA would be superior to 0.9 % NaCl in improvement of 4-h bicarbonate. Patients (n = 100) aged ≥6 months to <11 years with AGE -induced moderate-to- severe dehydration were enrolled. Patients with a baseline bicarbonate level ≤22 mEq/L formed the modified intent to treat (mITT) group. At baseline, the treatment groups were comparable except that the PLA group was older. At hour 4, the PLA group had greater increases in serum bicarbonate from baseline than did the 0.9 % NaCl group (mean ± SD at 4 h: 18 ± 3.74 vs 18.0 ± 3.67; change from baseline of 1.6 and 0.0, respectively; P = .004). Both treatment groups received similar fluid volumes. The PLA group had less abdominal pain and better dehydration scores at hour 2 (both P = .03) but not at hour 4 (P = 0.15 and 0.08, respectively). No patient experienced clinically relevant worsening of laboratory findings or physical examination, and hospital admission rates were similar. One patient in each treatment group developed hyponatremia. Four patients developed hyperkalemia (PLA :1, 0.9 % NaCl :3). In comparison with 0.9 % NaCl, PLA for rehydration in children with AGE was well tolerated and led to more rapid improvement in serum bicarbonate and dehydration score. NCT#01234883 (Registration Date: November 3, 2010).
27480410	2	18	randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27480410	22	35	Plasma-Lyte A	T121,T197	C0071213
27480410	40	61	0.9 % sodium chloride	T121,T197	C1725399
27480410	65	96	acute pediatric gastroenteritis	T047	C0267446
27480410	109	117	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27480410	132	145	Plasma-Lyte A	T121,T197	C0071213
27480410	147	150	PLA	T121,T197	C0071213
27480410	159	180	0.9 % sodium chloride	T121,T197	C1725399
27480410	182	186	NaCl	T121,T197	C1725399
27480410	188	222	intravenous (IV) fluid replacement	T061	C0559692
27480410	226	234	children	T100	C0008059
27480410	252	270	severe dehydration	T047	C3472181
27480410	284	305	acute gastroenteritis	T047	C0267446
27480410	307	310	AGE	T047	C0267446
27480410	313	324	Prospective	T062	C0033522
27480410	326	336	randomized	T062	C0034656
27480410	338	356	double-blind study	T062	C0013072
27480410	376	385	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27480410	386	407	emergency departments	T073,T093	C0562508
27480410	409	412	EDs	T073,T093	C0562508
27480410	421	423	US	T083	C0041703
27480410	428	434	Canada	T083	C0006823
27480410	455	478	primary outcome measure	T080	C3274433
27480410	483	506	serum bicarbonate level	T034	C1261426
27480410	515	533	Secondary outcomes	T080	C3274440
27480410	554	566	tolerability	T062	C3274448
27480410	572	582	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27480410	592	595	PLA	T121,T197	C0071213
27480410	617	627	0.9 % NaCl	T121,T197	C1725399
27480410	631	661	improvement of 4-h bicarbonate	T059	C0202059
27480410	663	671	Patients	T101	C0030705
27480410	715	718	AGE	T047	C0267446
27480410	741	759	severe dehydration	T047	C3472181
27480410	775	783	Patients	T101	C0030705
27480410	791	799	baseline	T081	C1442488
27480410	800	817	bicarbonate level	T034	C0428196
27480410	828	834	formed	T169	C0205431
27480410	839	847	modified	T169	C0392747
27480410	848	863	intent to treat	T169	C1292734
27480410	865	869	mITT	T169	C1292734
27480410	871	876	group	T098	C1257890
27480410	881	889	baseline	T081	C1442488
27480410	895	904	treatment	T061	C0087111
27480410	905	911	groups	T098	C1257890
27480410	944	947	PLA	T121,T197	C0071213
27480410	948	953	group	T098	C1257890
27480410	980	983	PLA	T121,T197	C0071213
27480410	984	989	group	T098	C1257890
27480410	1002	1032	increases in serum bicarbonate	T033	C0858078
27480410	1038	1046	baseline	T081	C1442488
27480410	1060	1070	0.9 % NaCl	T121,T197	C1725399
27480410	1071	1076	group	T098	C1257890
27480410	1134	1142	baseline	T081	C1442488
27480410	1189	1198	treatment	T061	C0087111
27480410	1199	1205	groups	T098	C1257890
27480410	1223	1236	fluid volumes	T081	C0449971
27480410	1242	1245	PLA	T121,T197	C0071213
27480410	1246	1251	group	T098	C1257890
27480410	1261	1275	abdominal pain	T184	C0000737
27480410	1287	1298	dehydration	T047	C0011175
27480410	1387	1394	patient	T101	C0030705
27480410	1407	1436	clinically relevant worsening	T078	C1546960
27480410	1440	1459	laboratory findings	T034	C0587081
27480410	1463	1483	physical examination	T058	C0031809
27480410	1489	1513	hospital admission rates	T081	C0598610
27480410	1519	1526	similar	T080	C2348205
27480410	1532	1539	patient	T101	C0030705
27480410	1548	1557	treatment	T061	C0087111
27480410	1558	1563	group	T098	C1257890
27480410	1574	1586	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
27480410	1593	1601	patients	T101	C0030705
27480410	1612	1624	hyperkalemia	T033	C0020461
27480410	1626	1629	PLA	T121,T197	C0071213
27480410	1634	1644	0.9 % NaCl	T121,T197	C1725399
27480410	1653	1663	comparison	T052	C1707455
27480410	1669	1679	0.9 % NaCl	T121,T197	C1725399
27480410	1681	1684	PLA	T121,T197	C0071213
27480410	1689	1700	rehydration	T061	C0034997
27480410	1704	1712	children	T100	C0008059
27480410	1718	1721	AGE	T047	C0267446
27480410	1763	1795	improvement in serum bicarbonate	T059	C0428301
27480410	1800	1811	dehydration	T047	C0011175

27480504|t|Impact of systemic alitretinoin treatment on skin barrier gene and protein expression in patients with chronic hand eczema
27480504|a|Chronic hand eczema (CHE) is a common inflammatory skin disease that affects approximately 10% of the population. Systemic alitretinoin has been shown to be effective in patients with CHE who are refractory to topical corticosteroids. To analyse the impact of alitretinoin on the skin barrier genes and protein expression in the skin lesions of patients with CHE. Fifteen patients with CHE were treated with 30 mg daily of alitretinoin for up to 27 weeks. Disease severity was assessed using a clinical score. Skin biopsies from all the patients were evaluated before and after therapy for the expression of Ki-67, various skin barrier genes and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. After alitretinoin application, an improvement in the clinical severity of CHE was observed in the majority of patients. Analysis of skin biopsies before treatment showed a significant increase in Ki-67 - positive cells in the suprabasal layer and a dysregulated expression of various skin barrier genes, such as claudin 1, loricrin, filaggrin and cytokeratin 10, which were normalized after treatment. TSLP was significantly upregulated in patients with CHE and also normalized after alitretinoin treatment and negatively correlated with filaggrin. Our data indicate that the expression of barrier genes and proteins was normalized following treatment with alitretinoin in patients with CHE. The change in expression levels of these genes correlated with the clinical efficacy, suggesting that alitretinoin exhibits a disease - modifying activity. TSLP is upregulated in CHE and seems to counteract filaggrin expression in the skin.
27480504	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27480504	10	18	systemic	T169	C0205373
27480504	19	31	alitretinoin	T109,T121,T127	C0281666
27480504	32	41	treatment	T061	C0087111
27480504	45	57	skin barrier	T042	C2246986
27480504	58	62	gene	T045	C0017262
27480504	67	85	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27480504	89	97	patients	T101	C0030705
27480504	103	122	chronic hand eczema	T047	C1276092
27480504	123	142	Chronic hand eczema	T047	C1276092
27480504	144	147	CHE	T047	C1276092
27480504	161	186	inflammatory skin disease	T047	C3875321
27480504	200	213	approximately	T080	C0332232
27480504	225	235	population	T098	C1257890
27480504	237	245	Systemic	T169	C0205373
27480504	246	258	alitretinoin	T109,T121,T127	C0281666
27480504	280	289	effective	T080	C1704419
27480504	293	301	patients	T101	C0030705
27480504	307	310	CHE	T047	C1276092
27480504	319	329	refractory	T169	C0205269
27480504	333	356	topical corticosteroids	T121	C0304604
27480504	373	379	impact	T080	C4049986
27480504	383	395	alitretinoin	T109,T121,T127	C0281666
27480504	403	415	skin barrier	T042	C2246986
27480504	416	421	genes	T028	C0017337
27480504	426	444	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27480504	452	464	skin lesions	T047	C0037284
27480504	468	476	patients	T101	C0030705
27480504	482	485	CHE	T047	C1276092
27480504	495	503	patients	T101	C0030705
27480504	509	512	CHE	T047	C1276092
27480504	518	530	treated with	T061	C0332293
27480504	537	542	daily	T079	C0332173
27480504	546	558	alitretinoin	T109,T121,T127	C0281666
27480504	572	577	weeks	T079	C0439230
27480504	579	595	Disease severity	T080	C0521117
27480504	600	608	assessed	T052	C1516048
27480504	617	625	clinical	T080	C0205210
27480504	626	631	score	T081	C0449820
27480504	633	646	Skin biopsies	T060	C0150866
27480504	660	668	patients	T101	C0030705
27480504	674	683	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27480504	684	690	before	T079	C0332152
27480504	695	700	after	T079	C0687676
27480504	701	708	therapy	T061	C0087111
27480504	717	727	expression	T045	C1171362
27480504	731	736	Ki-67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
27480504	746	758	skin barrier	T042	C2246986
27480504	759	764	genes	T028	C0017337
27480504	769	797	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	T116,T129	C0762640
27480504	799	803	TSLP	T116,T129	C0762640
27480504	808	856	real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T063	C3179034
27480504	861	881	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27480504	889	901	alitretinoin	T109,T121,T127	C0281666
27480504	918	929	improvement	T077	C2986411
27480504	937	945	clinical	T080	C0205210
27480504	946	954	severity	T080	C0439793
27480504	958	961	CHE	T047	C1276092
27480504	982	990	majority	T054	C0680220
27480504	994	1002	patients	T101	C0030705
27480504	1004	1012	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27480504	1016	1029	skin biopsies	T060	C0150866
27480504	1030	1036	before	T079	C0332152
27480504	1037	1046	treatment	T061	C0087111
27480504	1056	1067	significant	T078	C0750502
27480504	1068	1076	increase	T169	C0442805
27480504	1080	1085	Ki-67	T028	C1334508
27480504	1088	1096	positive	T033	C1514241
27480504	1097	1102	cells	T025	C0007634
27480504	1110	1126	suprabasal layer	T026	C0243092
27480504	1133	1156	dysregulated expression	T045	C0017263
27480504	1168	1180	skin barrier	T042	C2246986
27480504	1181	1186	genes	T028	C0017337
27480504	1196	1205	claudin 1	T028	C1413460
27480504	1207	1215	loricrin	T028	C1416897
27480504	1217	1226	filaggrin	T028	C1414633
27480504	1231	1245	cytokeratin 10	T028	C1416714
27480504	1258	1268	normalized	T062	C1882115
27480504	1275	1284	treatment	T061	C0087111
27480504	1286	1290	TSLP	T116,T129	C0762640
27480504	1309	1320	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27480504	1324	1332	patients	T101	C0030705
27480504	1338	1341	CHE	T047	C1276092
27480504	1351	1361	normalized	T062	C1882115
27480504	1368	1380	alitretinoin	T109,T121,T127	C0281666
27480504	1381	1390	treatment	T061	C0087111
27480504	1395	1405	negatively	T033	C1513916
27480504	1406	1416	correlated	T080	C1707520
27480504	1422	1431	filaggrin	T116,T123	C0117738
27480504	1482	1487	genes	T028	C0017337
27480504	1492	1500	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27480504	1505	1515	normalized	T062	C1882115
27480504	1526	1535	treatment	T061	C0087111
27480504	1541	1553	alitretinoin	T109,T121,T127	C0281666
27480504	1557	1565	patients	T101	C0030705
27480504	1571	1574	CHE	T047	C1276092
27480504	1580	1586	change	T169	C0392747
27480504	1590	1600	expression	T045	C0017262
27480504	1601	1607	levels	T080	C0441889
27480504	1617	1622	genes	T028	C0017337
27480504	1623	1633	correlated	T080	C1707520
27480504	1643	1660	clinical efficacy	T080	C3850123
27480504	1678	1690	alitretinoin	T109,T121,T127	C0281666
27480504	1702	1709	disease	T047	C0012634
27480504	1712	1721	modifying	T169	C0392747
27480504	1722	1730	activity	T052	C0441655
27480504	1732	1736	TSLP	T116,T129	C0762640
27480504	1740	1751	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27480504	1755	1758	CHE	T047	C1276092
27480504	1783	1792	filaggrin	T116,T123	C0117738
27480504	1793	1803	expression	T045	C1171362
27480504	1811	1815	skin	T022	C1123023

27480530|t|Patient adoption of an internet based diabetes medication tool to improve adherence: A pilot study
27480530|a|To investigate the effect of a video intervention, Managing Your Diabetes Medicines, on patient self-efficacy, problems with using medication, and medication adherence in a rural, mostly African American population. Patients selected their problem areas in medication use and watched one of nine 2-min videos with a research assistant at a clinic or pharmacy and were given an access code to watch all the videos at their convenience. Outcomes were measured at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Fifty-one patients were enrolled; 84% were African American and 80% were female (mean age: 54 years). Seventy-three percent watched at least one module after the initial visit. Improve d self-efficacy was associated with a decrease in concerns about medications (r=-0.64). Low literate patients experienced greater improvement in self-efficacy than more literate patients (t=2.54, p=0.02). Patients ' mean number of problems declined from 6.14 to 5.03. The number of patients with high or medium adherence rose from 33% at baseline to 43% at 3-month follow-up. A practical, customized video intervention may help improve patient self-efficacy, reduce problems with medication use, and improve medication adherence in diabetes patients. Providers should consider implementing technology - based interventions in the clinic to address common problems that patients have with self-management.
27480530	0	7	Patient	T101	C0030705
27480530	8	16	adoption	T055	C0000899
27480530	23	31	internet	T073	C0282111
27480530	32	37	based	T169	C1527178
27480530	38	46	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27480530	47	57	medication	T058	C2081612
27480530	58	62	tool	T073	C2827396
27480530	66	73	improve	T033	C0184511
27480530	74	83	adherence	T169	C1510802
27480530	87	98	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27480530	102	113	investigate	T169	C1292732
27480530	118	124	effect	T080	C1280500
27480530	130	135	video	T170	C3463807
27480530	136	148	intervention	T169	C1314939
27480530	150	158	Managing	T058	C0184516
27480530	164	172	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
27480530	173	182	Medicines	T121	C0013227
27480530	187	194	patient	T101	C0030705
27480530	195	208	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27480530	210	218	problems	T078	C1546466
27480530	224	229	using	T169	C0457083
27480530	230	240	medication	T058	C2081612
27480530	246	256	medication	T058	C2081612
27480530	257	266	adherence	T169	C1510802
27480530	272	277	rural	T033	C0240919
27480530	286	313	African American population	T098	C0085756
27480530	315	323	Patients	T101	C0030705
27480530	339	346	problem	T033	C0033213
27480530	347	352	areas	T082	C0205146
27480530	356	366	medication	T058	C2081612
27480530	367	370	use	T169	C0457083
27480530	401	407	videos	T170	C3463807
27480530	415	423	research	T062	C0035168
27480530	424	433	assistant	T097	C0557545
27480530	439	445	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27480530	449	457	pharmacy	T091	C0031336
27480530	476	482	access	T082	C0444454
27480530	483	487	code	T170	C0805701
27480530	505	511	videos	T170	C3463807
27480530	521	532	convenience	T080	C3831015
27480530	534	542	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27480530	548	556	measured	T080	C0444706
27480530	560	568	baseline	T081	C1442488
27480530	581	590	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27480530	602	610	patients	T101	C0030705
27480530	635	651	African American	T098	C0085756
27480530	665	671	female	T032	C0086287
27480530	737	743	module	T077	C1709061
27480530	754	761	initial	T079	C0205265
27480530	762	767	visit	T058	C1512346
27480530	769	776	Improve	T033	C0184511
27480530	779	792	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27480530	797	812	associated with	T080	C0332281
27480530	815	823	decrease	T081	C0547047
27480530	827	835	concerns	T078	C2699424
27480530	842	853	medications	T058	C2081612
27480530	865	868	Low	T080	C0205251
27480530	869	877	literate	T033	C0682193
27480530	878	886	patients	T101	C0030705
27480530	887	898	experienced	T041	C0596545
27480530	899	906	greater	T081	C1704243
27480530	907	918	improvement	T033	C0184511
27480530	922	935	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27480530	946	954	literate	T033	C0682193
27480530	955	963	patients	T101	C0030705
27480530	982	990	Patients	T101	C0030705
27480530	993	1004	mean number	T081	C0444504
27480530	1008	1016	problems	T078	C1546466
27480530	1017	1025	declined	T081	C0547047
27480530	1049	1055	number	T081	C0237753
27480530	1059	1067	patients	T101	C0030705
27480530	1073	1077	high	T080	C0205250
27480530	1081	1087	medium	T081	C0439536
27480530	1088	1097	adherence	T169	C1510802
27480530	1115	1123	baseline	T081	C1442488
27480530	1142	1151	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27480530	1155	1164	practical	T170	C4054160
27480530	1166	1176	customized	T052	C1880202
27480530	1177	1182	video	T170	C3463807
27480530	1183	1195	intervention	T169	C1314939
27480530	1205	1212	improve	T033	C0184511
27480530	1213	1220	patient	T101	C0030705
27480530	1221	1234	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27480530	1236	1242	reduce	T080	C0392756
27480530	1243	1251	problems	T078	C1546466
27480530	1257	1267	medication	T058	C2081612
27480530	1268	1271	use	T169	C0457083
27480530	1277	1284	improve	T033	C0184511
27480530	1285	1295	medication	T058	C2081612
27480530	1296	1305	adherence	T169	C1510802
27480530	1309	1317	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27480530	1318	1326	patients	T101	C0030705
27480530	1328	1337	Providers	T169	C1138603
27480530	1345	1353	consider	T078	C0750591
27480530	1354	1366	implementing	T052	C1708476
27480530	1367	1377	technology	T090	C0039421
27480530	1380	1385	based	T169	C1527178
27480530	1386	1399	interventions	T169	C1314939
27480530	1407	1413	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27480530	1417	1424	address	T078	C0750591
27480530	1425	1431	common	T081	C0205214
27480530	1432	1440	problems	T078	C1546466
27480530	1446	1454	patients	T101	C0030705
27480530	1465	1480	self-management	T058	C0086969

27481186|t|Reduced susceptibilities to biocides and resistance to antibiotics in food - associated bacteria following exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds
27481186|a|Our aim was to assess the effects of step-wise exposure to didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) on the antimicrobial (antibiotics and biocides) susceptibilities of food - associated bacterial strains. Adaptive responses of bacterial strains were investigated by exposing the strains daily to increasing subinhibitory concentrations of DDAC for 7 days. Following adaptation to DDAC, a threefold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for this biocide was observed in 48% of the Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes strains, and 3% of the Salmonella strains. Reduced susceptibility to other biocides was found with the most important increase in MIC for benzalkonium chloride (BC) and a commercial biocide formulation (Galox Horizon) containing DDAC and glutaraldehyde, for all species except Salmonella. Increase in antibiotic MIC values was more pronounced in E. coli in terms of antibiotic numbers and of magnitude (from 4- to 32-fold increase) and, to a lesser extent, in Salmonella strains. Most of these strains had acquired resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. The effects of exposure to DDAC on biocides and antibiotics susceptibilities depend upon the bacteria species. Extensive use of DDAC at subinhibitory concentrations may lead to the development of antibiotic - resistant bacteria and may represent a public health issue.
27481186	0	7	Reduced	T080	C0392756
27481186	8	24	susceptibilities	T169	C1264642
27481186	28	36	biocides	T131	C0444414
27481186	41	51	resistance	T169	C4281815
27481186	55	66	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27481186	70	74	food	T168	C0016452
27481186	77	87	associated	T080	C0332281
27481186	88	96	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27481186	107	118	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27481186	119	148	quaternary ammonium compounds	T109	C0578399
27481186	164	170	assess	T052	C1516048
27481186	175	182	effects	T080	C1280500
27481186	196	207	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27481186	208	242	didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride	T121	C1874321
27481186	244	248	DDAC	T121	C1874321
27481186	257	314	antimicrobial (antibiotics and biocides) susceptibilities	T033	C0427965
27481186	318	322	food	T168	C0016452
27481186	325	335	associated	T080	C0332281
27481186	336	353	bacterial strains	T007	C0004611
27481186	355	363	Adaptive	T169	C0231193
27481186	364	373	responses	T032	C0871261
27481186	377	394	bacterial strains	T007	C0004611
27481186	400	412	investigated	T169	C1292732
27481186	416	424	exposing	T080	C0332157
27481186	429	436	strains	T001	C1518614
27481186	437	442	daily	T079	C0332173
27481186	446	456	increasing	T169	C0442808
27481186	457	485	subinhibitory concentrations	T034	C0427975
27481186	489	493	DDAC	T121	C1874321
27481186	500	504	days	T079	C0439228
27481186	516	526	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27481186	530	534	DDAC	T121	C1874321
27481186	548	556	increase	T169	C0442805
27481186	564	596	minimum inhibitory concentration	T059	C0427978
27481186	598	601	MIC	T059	C0427978
27481186	603	609	values	T081	C1522609
27481186	619	626	biocide	T131	C0444414
27481186	631	639	observed	T169	C1441672
27481186	654	670	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27481186	675	705	Listeria monocytogenes strains	T007	C0023861
27481186	721	739	Salmonella strains	T007	C0036111
27481186	741	748	Reduced	T080	C0392756
27481186	749	763	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
27481186	773	781	biocides	T131	C0444414
27481186	816	824	increase	T169	C0442805
27481186	828	831	MIC	T059	C0427978
27481186	836	857	benzalkonium chloride	T109,T121	C0005026
27481186	859	861	BC	T109,T121	C0005026
27481186	869	879	commercial	T073	C1547887
27481186	880	899	biocide formulation	T131	C0444414
27481186	901	914	Galox Horizon	T131	C0444414
27481186	927	931	DDAC	T121	C1874321
27481186	936	950	glutaraldehyde	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27481186	960	967	species	T185	C1705920
27481186	975	985	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27481186	987	995	Increase	T169	C0442805
27481186	999	1009	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27481186	1010	1013	MIC	T059	C0427978
27481186	1014	1020	values	T081	C1522609
27481186	1044	1051	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27481186	1064	1074	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27481186	1075	1082	numbers	T081	C0237753
27481186	1090	1099	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27481186	1120	1128	increase	T169	C0442805
27481186	1140	1153	lesser extent	T080	C0547044
27481186	1158	1176	Salmonella strains	T007	C0036111
27481186	1192	1199	strains	T001	C1518614
27481186	1213	1223	resistance	T169	C4281815
27481186	1227	1237	ampicillin	T109,T195	C0002680
27481186	1239	1249	cefotaxime	T109,T195	C0007554
27481186	1251	1262	ceftazidime	T109,T195	C0007559
27481186	1264	1279	chloramphenicol	T109,T195	C0008168
27481186	1284	1297	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
27481186	1303	1310	effects	T080	C1280500
27481186	1314	1325	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27481186	1326	1330	DDAC	T121	C1874321
27481186	1334	1342	biocides	T131	C0444414
27481186	1347	1358	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27481186	1359	1375	susceptibilities	T169	C1264642
27481186	1392	1400	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27481186	1401	1408	species	T185	C1705920
27481186	1410	1419	Extensive	T080	C0205231
27481186	1420	1426	use of	T169	C1524063
27481186	1427	1431	DDAC	T121	C1874321
27481186	1435	1463	subinhibitory concentrations	T034	C0427975
27481186	1480	1491	development	T169	C1527148
27481186	1495	1505	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27481186	1508	1517	resistant	T169	C0332325
27481186	1518	1526	bacteria	T007	C0004611

27481342|t|Analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions on bradykinin route of a polysulfated fraction from alga Ulva lactuca
27481342|a|We investigated structural features of polysaccharides from Ulva lactuca and their effects on the classical models of nociception and inflammation. Crude extract was obtained by enzymatic digestion and isolated by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The fraction with higher yield was used in the tests (SP-Ul). Swiss mice received SP-Ul (1, 3 or 9mg/kg; i.v.), 30min prior to injection of 0.8%- acetic acid or 1%- formalin or prior to a thermal stimulus. At same doses, SP-Ul was tested on Wistar rats on paw edema elicited by different irritants (carrageenan, dextran, bradykinin, histamine or serotonin). The results of infrared characterization indicated the presence of hydroxyl groups, sulfate, uronic acid and glycosidic linkages in all SP fractions spectrums. SP-Ul decreased significantly the antinociception in response to acetic acid or formalin (second phase), but not in the hot-plate test, suggesting that its analgesia occurs through a peripheral mechanism. SP-Ul did not reduce carrageenan - induced paw edema as supported by both histological and myeloperoxidase activity assessments. However, SP-Ul (1mg/kg; s.c.) reduced dextran -elicited edema, showing vascular anti-inflammatory effect, with bradykinin as major target because it did not reduce histamine - and serotonin - induced paw edemas. Therefore, SP-Ul acts on bradykinin pathway in its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory responses.
27481342	0	9	Analgesic	T033	C0948482
27481342	14	39	anti-inflammatory actions	T080	C1515999
27481342	43	53	bradykinin	T116,T125	C0006100
27481342	65	86	polysulfated fraction	T109,T121	C2349012
27481342	92	96	alga	T204	C0002028
27481342	97	109	Ulva lactuca	T002	C1024150
27481342	113	125	investigated	T169	C1292732
27481342	126	136	structural	T082	C0678594
27481342	137	145	features	T080	C2348519
27481342	149	164	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
27481342	170	182	Ulva lactuca	T002	C1024150
27481342	208	224	classical models	T075	C0026339
27481342	228	239	nociception	T042	C0234194
27481342	244	256	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27481342	258	271	Crude extract	T167	C2828366
27481342	288	307	enzymatic digestion	T059	C0519157
27481342	312	320	isolated	T169	C0205409
27481342	324	351	ion exchange chromatography	T059	C0008564
27481342	355	369	DEAE-cellulose	T109,T122	C0011050
27481342	375	383	fraction	T121	C1254351
27481342	396	401	yield	T081	C0392762
27481342	418	423	tests	T059	C0022885
27481342	425	430	SP-Ul	T109,T121	C0032594
27481342	433	443	Swiss mice	T015	C0162416
27481342	453	458	SP-Ul	T109,T121	C0032594
27481342	498	507	injection	T169	C1828121
27481342	517	528	acetic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27481342	536	544	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0949307
27481342	559	575	thermal stimulus	T038	C1621333
27481342	585	590	doses	T081	C0178602
27481342	592	597	SP-Ul	T109,T121	C0032594
27481342	602	608	tested	T169	C0039593
27481342	612	623	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27481342	627	630	paw	T023	C0687080
27481342	631	636	edema	T184	C0013604
27481342	659	668	irritants	T131	C0022108
27481342	670	681	carrageenan	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27481342	683	690	dextran	T109,T121	C0086140
27481342	692	702	bradykinin	T116,T125	C0006100
27481342	704	713	histamine	T109,T123	C0019588
27481342	717	726	serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
27481342	733	740	results	T033	C0683954
27481342	744	752	infrared	T080	C1532326
27481342	753	769	characterization	T052	C1880022
27481342	796	811	hydroxyl groups	T197	C0700307
27481342	813	820	sulfate	T197	C0038720
27481342	822	833	uronic acid	T109	C0042081
27481342	838	857	glycosidic linkages	T070	C0596391
27481342	865	877	SP fractions	T109,T121	C0032594
27481342	878	887	spectrums	T077	C2827424
27481342	889	894	SP-Ul	T109,T121	C0032594
27481342	895	904	decreased	T081	C0205216
27481342	905	918	significantly	T078	C0750502
27481342	923	938	antinociception	T042	C1254358
27481342	942	950	response	T032	C0871261
27481342	954	965	acetic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27481342	969	977	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0949307
27481342	1009	1023	hot-plate test	T059	C0022885
27481342	1045	1054	analgesia	T061	C3202977
27481342	1055	1061	occurs	T052	C1709305
27481342	1072	1092	peripheral mechanism	T169	C0441712
27481342	1094	1099	SP-Ul	T109,T121	C0032594
27481342	1108	1114	reduce	T081	C0547047
27481342	1115	1126	carrageenan	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27481342	1129	1136	induced	T169	C0205263
27481342	1137	1140	paw	T023	C0687080
27481342	1141	1146	edema	T184	C0013604
27481342	1168	1180	histological	T044	C1148560
27481342	1185	1209	myeloperoxidase activity	T044	C1151518
27481342	1210	1221	assessments	T058	C1261322
27481342	1232	1237	SP-Ul	T109,T121	C0032594
27481342	1253	1260	reduced	T080	C0392756
27481342	1261	1268	dextran	T109,T121	C0086140
27481342	1279	1284	edema	T184	C0013604
27481342	1294	1302	vascular	T023	C0005847
27481342	1303	1327	anti-inflammatory effect	T080	C1515999
27481342	1334	1344	bradykinin	T116,T125	C0006100
27481342	1354	1360	target	T169	C1521840
27481342	1380	1386	reduce	T081	C0547047
27481342	1387	1396	histamine	T109,T123	C0019588
27481342	1403	1412	serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
27481342	1415	1422	induced	T169	C0205263
27481342	1423	1426	paw	T023	C0687080
27481342	1427	1433	edemas	T184	C0013604
27481342	1446	1451	SP-Ul	T109,T121	C0032594
27481342	1460	1470	bradykinin	T116,T125	C0006100
27481342	1471	1478	pathway	T044	C1704259
27481342	1486	1501	antinociceptive	T042	C1254358
27481342	1506	1533	anti-inflammatory responses	T080	C1515999

27481539|t|The relationships between symptoms and quality of life over the course of cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder in Japan
27481539|a|This study examined the relationships between changes in symptoms and changes in quality of life (QOL) during cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for panic disorder (PD). We treated 198 PD patients with group CBT in Japan. Using multiple regression analysis, we examined the associations between changes in QOL and changes in PD symptoms or comorbid psychological symptoms during CBT. Changes in anticipatory anxiety, agoraphobic fear / avoidance, and somatization were significant predictors of changes in some aspects of QOL. It might be useful to decrease somatization, anticipatory anxiety, and agoraphobic fear to improve QOL in CBT for PD.
27481539	4	17	relationships	T080	C0439849
27481539	26	34	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27481539	39	54	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27481539	64	70	course	T079	C0750729
27481539	74	102	cognitive-behavioral therapy	T061	C0009244
27481539	107	121	panic disorder	T048	C0030319
27481539	125	130	Japan	T083	C0022341
27481539	136	141	study	T062	C2603343
27481539	142	150	examined	T033	C0332128
27481539	155	168	relationships	T080	C0439849
27481539	177	184	changes	T169	C0392747
27481539	188	196	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27481539	201	208	changes	T169	C0392747
27481539	212	227	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27481539	229	232	QOL	T078	C0034380
27481539	241	269	cognitive-behavioral therapy	T061	C0009244
27481539	271	274	CBT	T061	C0009244
27481539	280	294	panic disorder	T048	C0030319
27481539	296	298	PD	T048	C0030319
27481539	304	311	treated	T169	C1522326
27481539	316	318	PD	T048	C0030319
27481539	319	327	patients	T101	C0030705
27481539	339	342	CBT	T061	C0009244
27481539	346	351	Japan	T083	C0022341
27481539	359	387	multiple regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27481539	392	400	examined	T033	C0332128
27481539	405	417	associations	T080	C0439849
27481539	426	433	changes	T169	C0392747
27481539	437	440	QOL	T078	C0034380
27481539	445	452	changes	T169	C0392747
27481539	456	458	PD	T048	C0030319
27481539	459	467	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27481539	471	502	comorbid psychological symptoms	T184	C0233397
27481539	510	513	CBT	T061	C0009244
27481539	515	522	Changes	T169	C0392747
27481539	526	546	anticipatory anxiety	T033	C0231397
27481539	548	564	agoraphobic fear	T048	C0233702
27481539	567	576	avoidance	T041	C0870186
27481539	582	594	somatization	T048	C0149779
27481539	612	622	predictors	T078	C2698872
27481539	626	633	changes	T169	C0392747
27481539	653	656	QOL	T078	C0034380
27481539	689	701	somatization	T048	C0149779
27481539	703	723	anticipatory anxiety	T033	C0231397
27481539	729	745	agoraphobic fear	T048	C0233702
27481539	757	760	QOL	T078	C0034380
27481539	764	767	CBT	T061	C0009244
27481539	772	774	PD	T048	C0030319

27481714|t|Coupling of TRPV6 and TMEM16A in epithelial principal cells of the rat epididymis
27481714|a|The epididymis establishes a congenial environment for sperm maturation and protection. Its fluid is acidic, and the calcium concentration is low and declines along the length of the epididymal tubule. However, our knowledge of ionic currents and mechanisms of calcium homeostasis in rat epididymal epithelial cells remains enigmatic. In this study, to better understand calcium regulation in the epididymis, we use the patch-clamp method to record from single rat cauda epididymal principal cells. We detect a constitutively active Ca(2+) current with characteristics that match the epithelial calcium channel TRPV6. Electrophysiological and pharmacological data also reveal a constitutively active calcium-activated chloride conductance (CaCC). Removal of extracellular calcium attenuates not only the TRPV6 -like conductance, but also the CaCC. Lanthanide block is time dependent such that the TRPV6 -like component is inhibited first, followed by the CaCC. The putative CaCC blocker niflumic acid partially inhibits whole-cell currents, whereas La(3+) almost abolishes whole-cell currents in principal cells. Membrane potential measurements reveal an interplay between La(3+) - sensitive ion channels and those that are sensitive to the specific TMEM16A inhibitor tannic acid. In vivo perfusion of the cauda epididymal tubule shows a substantial rate of Ca(2+) reabsorption from the luminal side, which is dose-dependently suppressed by ruthenium red, a putative blocker of epithelial Ca(2+) channels and CaCC. Finally, we discover messenger RNA for both TRPV6 and TMEM16A in the rat epididymis and show that their proteins colocalize in the apical membrane of principal cells. Collectively, these data provide evidence for a coupling mechanism between TRPV6 and TMEM16A in principal cells that may play an important role in the regulation of calcium homeostasis in the epididymis.
27481714	0	8	Coupling	T169	C1948027
27481714	12	17	TRPV6	T116,T123	C1452353
27481714	22	29	TMEM16A	T116,T123	C2976269
27481714	33	59	epithelial principal cells	T025	C0014597
27481714	67	81	rat epididymis	T023	C1882657
27481714	86	96	epididymis	T023	C0014533
27481714	111	120	congenial	T080	C1524057
27481714	121	132	environment	T082	C0014406
27481714	137	153	sperm maturation	T042	C0037846
27481714	158	168	protection	T033	C1545588
27481714	174	179	fluid	T031	C0005889
27481714	183	189	acidic	T081	C0920750
27481714	199	206	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27481714	207	220	concentration	T081	C1446561
27481714	224	227	low	T080	C0205251
27481714	251	257	length	T081	C1444754
27481714	265	282	epididymal tubule	T023	C0014533
27481714	310	324	ionic currents	T043	C0162585
27481714	329	339	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27481714	343	362	calcium homeostasis	T043	C1156269
27481714	366	380	rat epididymal	T023	C1882657
27481714	381	397	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27481714	425	430	study	T062	C2603343
27481714	453	471	calcium regulation	T043	C1156269
27481714	479	489	epididymis	T023	C0014533
27481714	502	520	patch-clamp method	T062	C0242625
27481714	543	546	rat	T015	C0034693
27481714	547	563	cauda epididymal	T023	C0228024
27481714	564	579	principal cells	T025	C0007634
27481714	584	590	detect	T033	C0442726
27481714	608	614	active	T169	C0205177
27481714	615	621	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27481714	622	629	current	T043	C0162585
27481714	635	650	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27481714	666	676	epithelial	T024	C0014609
27481714	677	692	calcium channel	T116,T123	C0006685
27481714	693	698	TRPV6	T116,T123	C1452353
27481714	700	720	Electrophysiological	T060	C0850293
27481714	725	745	pharmacological data	T060	C1831759
27481714	775	820	active calcium-activated chloride conductance	T116	C1956140
27481714	822	826	CaCC	T116	C1956140
27481714	840	853	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27481714	854	861	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27481714	862	872	attenuates	T052	C0599946
27481714	886	891	TRPV6	T116,T123	C1452353
27481714	898	909	conductance	UnknownType	C0678840
27481714	924	928	CaCC	T116	C1956140
27481714	930	940	Lanthanide	T196	C0205838
27481714	941	946	block	T169	C0332206
27481714	950	954	time	T079	C0040223
27481714	955	964	dependent	T080	C0851827
27481714	979	984	TRPV6	T116,T123	C1452353
27481714	1004	1013	inhibited	T043	C1516145
27481714	1037	1041	CaCC	T116	C1956140
27481714	1056	1060	CaCC	T116	C1956140
27481714	1061	1068	blocker	T121	C0870261
27481714	1069	1082	niflumic acid	T109,T121	C0028067
27481714	1093	1101	inhibits	T043	C1516145
27481714	1102	1112	whole-cell	T025	C0007634
27481714	1113	1121	currents	T043	C0162585
27481714	1131	1137	La(3+)	T197	C0534702
27481714	1155	1165	whole-cell	T025	C0007634
27481714	1166	1174	currents	T043	C0162585
27481714	1178	1193	principal cells	T025	C0007634
27481714	1195	1213	Membrane potential	T043	C0025251
27481714	1214	1226	measurements	T169	C0242485
27481714	1255	1261	La(3+)	T197	C0534702
27481714	1264	1286	sensitive ion channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27481714	1306	1315	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27481714	1323	1331	specific	T170	C1552740
27481714	1332	1339	TMEM16A	T116,T123	C2976269
27481714	1340	1349	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27481714	1350	1361	tannic acid	T109,T121	C0039294
27481714	1363	1370	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27481714	1371	1380	perfusion	T061	C0031001
27481714	1388	1411	cauda epididymal tubule	T023	C0228024
27481714	1440	1446	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27481714	1447	1459	reabsorption	T039	C3852988
27481714	1469	1481	luminal side	T082	C0524462
27481714	1509	1519	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27481714	1523	1536	ruthenium red	T130,T197	C0035975
27481714	1549	1556	blocker	T121	C0870261
27481714	1560	1570	epithelial	T024	C0014609
27481714	1571	1586	Ca(2+) channels	T116,T123	C0006685
27481714	1591	1595	CaCC	T116	C1956140
27481714	1618	1631	messenger RNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27481714	1641	1646	TRPV6	T116,T123	C1452353
27481714	1651	1658	TMEM16A	T116,T123	C2976269
27481714	1666	1680	rat epididymis	T023	C1882657
27481714	1701	1709	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27481714	1710	1720	colocalize	T082	C0392752
27481714	1728	1743	apical membrane	T026	C0596119
27481714	1747	1762	principal cells	T025	C0007634
27481714	1784	1788	data	T078	C1511726
27481714	1797	1805	evidence	T078	C3887511
27481714	1812	1820	coupling	T169	C1948027
27481714	1821	1830	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27481714	1839	1844	TRPV6	T116,T123	C1452353
27481714	1849	1856	TMEM16A	T116,T123	C2976269
27481714	1860	1875	principal cells	T025	C0007634
27481714	1915	1948	regulation of calcium homeostasis	T043	C1156269
27481714	1956	1966	epididymis	T023	C0014533

27481810|t|Challenges Caring for Adults With Congenital Heart Disease in Pediatric Settings: How Nurses Can Aid in the Transition
27481810|a|As surgery for complex congenital heart disease is becoming more advanced, an increasing number of patients are surviving into adulthood, yet many of these adult patients remain in the pediatric hospital system. Caring for adult patients is often a challenge for pediatric nurses, because the nurses have less experience and comfort with adult care, medications, comorbid conditions, and rehabilitation techniques. As these patients age, the increased risk of complications and comorbid conditions from their heart disease may complicate their care further. Although these patients are admitted on a pediatric unit, nurses can aid in promoting their independence and help prepare them to transition into the adult medical system. Nurses, the comprehensive medical teams, and patients ' families can all effectively influence the process of preparing these patients for transition to adult care.
27481810	11	17	Caring	T058	C0086388
27481810	22	28	Adults	T100	C0001675
27481810	34	58	Congenital Heart Disease	T019	C0152021
27481810	62	71	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
27481810	86	92	Nurses	T097	C0028661
27481810	108	118	Transition	T068	C0376627
27481810	122	129	surgery	T061	C0018821
27481810	142	166	congenital heart disease	T019	C0152021
27481810	218	226	patients	T101	C0030705
27481810	246	255	adulthood	T079	C0700597
27481810	275	280	adult	T100	C0001675
27481810	281	289	patients	T101	C0030705
27481810	304	329	pediatric hospital system	T093	C0020017
27481810	331	337	Caring	T058	C0086388
27481810	342	347	adult	T100	C0001675
27481810	348	356	patients	T101	C0030705
27481810	382	398	pediatric nurses	T097	C1527237
27481810	412	418	nurses	T097	C1527237
27481810	457	467	adult care	T061	C1171177
27481810	469	480	medications	T058	C2081612
27481810	482	501	comorbid conditions	T033	C1275743
27481810	507	532	rehabilitation techniques	T169	C0034992
27481810	543	551	patients	T101	C0030705
27481810	561	570	increased	T169	C0442805
27481810	571	575	risk	T078	C0035647
27481810	579	592	complications	T046	C0009566
27481810	597	616	comorbid conditions	T033	C1275743
27481810	628	641	heart disease	T047	C0018799
27481810	663	667	care	T058	C0086388
27481810	692	700	patients	T101	C0030705
27481810	705	713	admitted	T058	C0184666
27481810	719	733	pediatric unit	T073,T093	C1718195
27481810	735	741	nurses	T097	C0028661
27481810	769	781	independence	T078	C0085862
27481810	807	817	transition	T068	C0376627
27481810	827	847	adult medical system	T073,T093	C4035333
27481810	849	855	Nurses	T097	C0028661
27481810	861	888	comprehensive medical teams	T058	C0086390
27481810	894	902	patients	T101	C0030705
27481810	905	913	families	T099	C0015576
27481810	934	943	influence	T077	C4054723
27481810	975	983	patients	T101	C0030705
27481810	988	998	transition	T068	C0376627
27481810	1002	1012	adult care	T061	C1171177

27481881|t|Coffee - Antihypertensive Drug Interaction: A Hemodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Study With Felodipine
27481881|a|A period of abstinence from coffee to permit caffeine elimination appears to enable increased blood pressure on subsequent exposure. We hypothesized that this would offset the antihypertensive effect of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker felodipine. A randomized, single-dose, crossover study assessed hemodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects following 2 days without coffee and caffeine - containing foods. Consistently brewed black coffee (2×300ml), felodipine maximum recommended dose (10mg), and coffee plus felodipine were tested in middle-aged normotensive subjects. Pretreatment plasma caffeine concentrations were unquantifiable. After coffee, blood pressure changes (mm Hg) averaged over study hours 1-4 were increased for brachial systolic (7.6, P < 0.001) and diastolic (4.9, P < 0.001) and aortic systolic (7.4, P < 0.001), pulse (3.0, P < 0.05) and augmentation (1.4, P < 0.05) relative to baseline. After coffee plus felodipine, they were higher for brachial systolic (4.0, P < 0.05) and diastolic (3.9, P < 0.001) and aortic systolic (4.6, P < 0.05) compared to felodipine alone. The pressor effects of coffee and its modulation by felodipine were variable among individuals. Coffee containing caffeine (127mg) caused maximum pressor effect. Caffeine and felodipine pharmacokinetics were similar for coffee and felodipine given alone or in combination indicating an interaction having a pharmacodynamic basis. Plasma felodipine concentration - diastolic blood pressure reduction relationship shifted with coffee such that doubling the felodipine concentration would eliminate the pressor effect. However, this may increase the risk of adverse drug events particularly during the timeframe without coffee. Intermittent coffee ingestion might complicate hypertension diagnosis and management for many individuals.
27481881	0	6	Coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	9	30	Antihypertensive Drug	T121	C0003364
27481881	31	42	Interaction	T169	C1704675
27481881	46	57	Hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27481881	62	83	Pharmacokinetic Study	T062	C0201734
27481881	89	99	Felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	102	108	period	T079	C1948053
27481881	112	122	abstinence	T055	C0039475
27481881	128	134	coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	138	144	permit	T089	C0023636
27481881	145	153	caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27481881	154	165	elimination	T039	C0221102
27481881	166	173	appears	T080	C0700364
27481881	184	193	increased	T081	C0205217
27481881	194	208	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27481881	212	222	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27481881	223	231	exposure	T080	C0332157
27481881	236	248	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
27481881	265	271	offset	T081	C1711330
27481881	276	292	antihypertensive	T121	C0003364
27481881	293	299	effect	T080	C1280500
27481881	307	346	dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker	T121	C2945601
27481881	347	357	felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	361	371	randomized	T062	C0034656
27481881	373	384	single-dose	T081	C0178602
27481881	386	401	crossover study	T062	C0150097
27481881	402	410	assessed	T052	C1516048
27481881	411	422	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27481881	427	450	pharmacokinetic effects	T044	C1709520
27481881	461	467	2 days	T079	C1442455
27481881	468	475	without	T080	C0332288
27481881	476	482	coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	487	495	caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27481881	498	508	containing	T169	C0332256
27481881	509	514	foods	T168	C0016452
27481881	516	528	Consistently	T078	C0332290
27481881	529	535	brewed	T057	C0700104
27481881	536	548	black coffee	T168	C0452435
27481881	560	570	felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	571	578	maximum	T081	C0806909
27481881	579	590	recommended	T078	C0034866
27481881	591	595	dose	T081	C0178602
27481881	608	614	coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	615	619	plus	T169	C0332287
27481881	620	630	felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	636	642	tested	T169	C0039593
27481881	646	657	middle-aged	T100	C0205847
27481881	658	670	normotensive	T033	C2712122
27481881	671	679	subjects	T098	C0080105
27481881	681	693	Pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27481881	694	700	plasma	T031	C0032105
27481881	701	724	caffeine concentrations	T059	C0202348
27481881	730	744	unquantifiable	T081	C0392762
27481881	752	758	coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	760	774	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27481881	775	782	changes	T169	C0392747
27481881	784	789	mm Hg	T081	C0439475
27481881	791	799	averaged	T081	C1510992
27481881	805	810	study	T062	C0681814
27481881	811	816	hours	T079	C0439227
27481881	826	835	increased	T081	C0205217
27481881	840	848	brachial	T082	C0445456
27481881	849	857	systolic	T079	C0039155
27481881	879	888	diastolic	T201	C0012000
27481881	910	916	aortic	T023	C0003483
27481881	917	925	systolic	T079	C0039155
27481881	944	949	pulse	T058	C0034107
27481881	970	982	augmentation	T081	C0205217
27481881	1011	1019	baseline	T081	C1442488
27481881	1027	1033	coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	1034	1038	plus	T169	C0332287
27481881	1039	1049	felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	1061	1067	higher	T080	C0205250
27481881	1072	1080	brachial	T082	C0445456
27481881	1081	1089	systolic	T079	C0039155
27481881	1110	1119	diastolic	T201	C0012000
27481881	1141	1147	aortic	T023	C0003483
27481881	1148	1156	systolic	T079	C0039155
27481881	1173	1181	compared	T052	C1707455
27481881	1185	1195	felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	1207	1214	pressor	T121	C0237795
27481881	1215	1222	effects	T080	C1280500
27481881	1226	1232	coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	1241	1251	modulation	T082	C0443264
27481881	1255	1265	felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	1271	1279	variable	T080	C0439828
27481881	1286	1297	individuals	T098	C0237401
27481881	1299	1305	Coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	1317	1325	caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27481881	1341	1348	maximum	T081	C0806909
27481881	1349	1356	pressor	T121	C0237795
27481881	1357	1363	effect	T080	C1280500
27481881	1365	1373	Caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27481881	1378	1388	felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	1389	1405	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27481881	1411	1418	similar	T080	C2348205
27481881	1423	1429	coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	1434	1444	felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	1463	1474	combination	T080	C0205195
27481881	1489	1500	interaction	T169	C1704675
27481881	1510	1525	pharmacodynamic	T038	C0851347
27481881	1526	1531	basis	T169	C1527178
27481881	1533	1539	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27481881	1540	1550	felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	1551	1564	concentration	T081	C1446561
27481881	1567	1576	diastolic	T201	C0012000
27481881	1577	1591	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27481881	1592	1601	reduction	T080	C0392756
27481881	1602	1614	relationship	T080	C0439849
27481881	1628	1634	coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	1645	1653	doubling	T052	C1705764
27481881	1658	1668	felodipine	T109,T121	C0015772
27481881	1669	1682	concentration	T081	C1446561
27481881	1689	1698	eliminate	T080	C0849355
27481881	1703	1710	pressor	T121	C0237795
27481881	1711	1717	effect	T080	C1280500
27481881	1737	1745	increase	T169	C0442805
27481881	1750	1754	risk	T078	C0035647
27481881	1758	1777	adverse drug events	T046	C0041755
27481881	1791	1797	during	T079	C0347984
27481881	1812	1819	without	T080	C0332288
27481881	1820	1826	coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	1828	1840	Intermittent	T079	C0205267
27481881	1841	1847	coffee	T168	C0009237
27481881	1848	1857	ingestion	T038	C0232478
27481881	1864	1874	complicate	T169	C0231242
27481881	1875	1887	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27481881	1888	1897	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27481881	1902	1912	management	T058	C0376636
27481881	1922	1933	individuals	T098	C0237401

27481907|t|Elevated Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 in Early Disease Predicts Subsequent Deterioration of Pulmonary Function in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis and Interstitial Lung Disease
27481907|a|To identify predictors of poor prognosis in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) associated with interstitial lung disease (ILD). Fifty patients with early-stage SSc - ILD who had never received disease - modifying drugs and were either observed for ≥ 10 years or died from ILD -related causes were enrolled. The baseline variables of patients who developed endstage lung disease (ESLD) were compared with those of patients who remained ESLD - free, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify initial factors that correlated with ESLD development. Sixteen patients (32%) developed ESLD during 173.5 ± 64.7 months of followup. Elevated serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) at initial assessment was highly correlated with ESLD development (p = 0.0002). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that a KL-6 value of 1273 U/ml effectively discriminated patients who developed ESLD from those who did not. Patients with KL-6 > 1273 U/ml were less likely to remain ESLD - free compared with those with lower KL-6 levels (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that KL-6 > 1273 U/ml was the most reliable predictor of ESLD development (OR 51.2, 95% CI 7.6-343, p < 0.0001). Finally, the initial KL-6 level correlated with the forced vital capacity (FVC) decline rate (r = 0.58, p < 0.0001). The natural course of SSc - ILD is highly variable. Baseline serum KL-6 is a biomarker potentially useful for predicting FVC decline.
27481907	0	8	Elevated	T080	C3163633
27481907	9	14	Serum	T031	C0229671
27481907	15	37	Krebs von den Lungen-6	T116,T129,T130	C1612111
27481907	41	46	Early	T079	C1279919
27481907	47	54	Disease	T047	C0012634
27481907	55	63	Predicts	T078	C0681842
27481907	64	74	Subsequent	T079	C0332282
27481907	75	88	Deterioration	T067	C0868945
27481907	92	110	Pulmonary Function	T042	C0231921
27481907	114	122	Patients	T101	C0030705
27481907	128	146	Systemic Sclerosis	T047	C0036421
27481907	151	176	Interstitial Lung Disease	T047	C0206062
27481907	189	199	predictors	T078	C2698872
27481907	208	217	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27481907	221	229	patients	T101	C0030705
27481907	235	253	systemic sclerosis	T047	C0036421
27481907	255	258	SSc	T047	C0036421
27481907	260	275	associated with	T080	C0332281
27481907	276	301	interstitial lung disease	T047	C0206062
27481907	303	306	ILD	T047	C0206062
27481907	315	323	patients	T101	C0030705
27481907	329	340	early-stage	T079	C2363430
27481907	341	344	SSc	T047	C0036421
27481907	347	350	ILD	T047	C0206062
27481907	374	381	disease	T047	C0012634
27481907	384	393	modifying	T169	C0392747
27481907	394	399	drugs	T121	C0013227
27481907	434	439	years	T079	C0439234
27481907	443	447	died	T040	C0011065
27481907	453	456	ILD	T047	C0206062
27481907	466	472	causes	T033	C0007465
27481907	492	500	baseline	T081	C1442488
27481907	501	510	variables	T080	C0439828
27481907	514	522	patients	T101	C0030705
27481907	527	536	developed	T169	C1527148
27481907	537	558	endstage lung disease	T047	C0024115
27481907	560	564	ESLD	T047	C0024115
27481907	594	602	patients	T101	C0030705
27481907	616	620	ESLD	T047	C0024115
27481907	623	627	free	T169	C0332296
27481907	637	666	Cox proportional hazard model	T081,T170	C0033489
27481907	688	695	initial	T079	C0205265
27481907	696	703	factors	T169	C1521761
27481907	709	719	correlated	T080	C1707520
27481907	725	729	ESLD	T047	C0024115
27481907	730	741	development	T169	C1527148
27481907	751	759	patients	T101	C0030705
27481907	766	775	developed	T169	C1527148
27481907	776	780	ESLD	T047	C0024115
27481907	801	807	months	T079	C0439231
27481907	811	819	followup	T058	C1522577
27481907	821	829	Elevated	T080	C3163633
27481907	830	835	serum	T031	C0229671
27481907	836	858	Krebs von den Lungen-6	T116,T129,T130	C1612111
27481907	860	864	KL-6	T116,T129,T130	C1612111
27481907	869	876	initial	T079	C0205265
27481907	877	887	assessment	T058	C0184514
27481907	899	909	correlated	T080	C1707520
27481907	915	919	ESLD	T047	C0024115
27481907	920	931	development	T169	C1527148
27481907	946	994	Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis	T062	C0936012
27481907	995	1003	revealed	T080	C0443289
27481907	1011	1015	KL-6	T116,T129,T130	C1612111
27481907	1047	1060	discriminated	T080	C0205235
27481907	1061	1069	patients	T101	C0030705
27481907	1074	1083	developed	T169	C1527148
27481907	1084	1088	ESLD	T047	C0024115
27481907	1113	1121	Patients	T101	C0030705
27481907	1127	1131	KL-6	T116,T129,T130	C1612111
27481907	1171	1175	ESLD	T047	C0024115
27481907	1178	1182	free	T169	C0332296
27481907	1183	1191	compared	T052	C1707455
27481907	1214	1218	KL-6	T116,T129,T130	C1612111
27481907	1219	1225	levels	T080	C0441889
27481907	1240	1261	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27481907	1274	1278	KL-6	T116,T129,T130	C1612111
27481907	1313	1322	predictor	T078	C2698872
27481907	1326	1330	ESLD	T047	C0024115
27481907	1331	1342	development	T169	C1527148
27481907	1344	1346	OR	T081	C0028873
27481907	1357	1359	CI	T081	C0009667
27481907	1395	1402	initial	T079	C0205265
27481907	1403	1407	KL-6	T116,T129,T130	C1612111
27481907	1408	1413	level	T080	C0441889
27481907	1414	1424	correlated	T080	C1707520
27481907	1434	1455	forced vital capacity	T033	C0580371
27481907	1457	1460	FVC	T033	C0580371
27481907	1462	1469	decline	T081	C0547047
27481907	1470	1474	rate	T081	C1521828
27481907	1511	1517	course	T079	C0750729
27481907	1521	1524	SSc	T047	C0036421
27481907	1527	1530	ILD	T047	C0206062
27481907	1534	1540	highly	T080	C0205250
27481907	1541	1549	variable	T080	C0439828
27481907	1551	1559	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27481907	1560	1565	serum	T031	C0229671
27481907	1566	1570	KL-6	T116,T129,T130	C1612111
27481907	1576	1585	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27481907	1609	1619	predicting	T078	C0681842
27481907	1620	1623	FVC	T033	C0580371
27481907	1624	1631	decline	T081	C0547047

27481922|t|Polymorphisms in Inflammatory Mediator Genes and Risk of Preeclampsia in Taiyuan, China
27481922|a|Excessive maternal inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Few epidemiologic studies have investigated the associations between genetic variations in the inflammatory mediator genes and preeclampsia risk, and these studies have reached inconsistent results. We examined 31 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-1A, IL-1B, IL-1R1, IL-2RA, IL-5RA, IL-6, IL-6R, TNFSF11, TNFRSF11A, IL-28RA, IRAK4, and KIT genes and the risk of preeclampsia and its clinical subtypes in a nested case-control study including 203 preeclampsia cases and 233 controls. We found that IL-1R1, IL-5RA, IL-6R, and TNFSF11 were associated with the risk of preeclampsia. Although the significant associations observed for preeclampsia overall were mainly seen for late-onset preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia, IL-6R (rs2229238) and TNFSF11 (rs9525643) polymorphisms were associated with the risk of early-onset preeclampsia. TNFSF11 (rs2200287 and rs2148072) polymorphisms were associated with risk of mild preeclampsia. Our study provided the first evidence that genetic variations in inflammatory mediator genes IL-1R1, IL-6R, TNFSF11, and IL-5RA were associated with preeclampsia risk, and the risk varied by preeclampsia subtypes.
27481922	0	13	Polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27481922	17	29	Inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27481922	30	44	Mediator Genes	T028	C0017337
27481922	49	53	Risk	T078	C0035647
27481922	57	69	Preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	73	80	Taiyuan	UnknownType	C0681784
27481922	82	87	China	T083	C0008115
27481922	88	97	Excessive	T080	C0442802
27481922	98	106	maternal	T033	C1858460
27481922	107	128	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27481922	148	160	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27481922	164	176	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	182	203	epidemiologic studies	T062	C0002783
27481922	209	221	investigated	T169	C1292732
27481922	226	238	associations	T080	C0439849
27481922	247	265	genetic variations	T070	C0042333
27481922	273	285	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27481922	286	300	mediator genes	T028	C0017337
27481922	305	317	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	318	322	risk	T078	C0035647
27481922	334	341	studies	T062	C0002783
27481922	392	423	single-nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27481922	427	432	IL-1A	T028	C1708430
27481922	434	439	IL-1B	T028	C1334112
27481922	441	447	IL-1R1	T116,T129,T192	C0391754
27481922	449	455	IL-2RA	T116,T129,T192	C1101536
27481922	457	463	IL-5RA	T116,T129,T192	C1704269
27481922	465	469	IL-6	T028	C1334122
27481922	471	476	IL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
27481922	478	485	TNFSF11	T028	C1367028
27481922	487	496	TNFRSF11A	T028	C1420805
27481922	498	505	IL-28RA	T028	C1425622
27481922	507	512	IRAK4	T028	C1334137
27481922	518	527	KIT genes	T028	C1416655
27481922	536	540	risk	T078	C0035647
27481922	544	556	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	565	573	clinical	T080	C0205210
27481922	574	582	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27481922	588	613	nested case-control study	T062	C0027775
27481922	628	640	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	641	646	cases	T077	C1706256
27481922	655	663	controls	T096	C0009932
27481922	679	685	IL-1R1	T116,T129,T192	C0391754
27481922	687	693	IL-5RA	T116,T129,T192	C1704269
27481922	695	700	IL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
27481922	706	713	TNFSF11	T028	C1367028
27481922	719	734	associated with	T080	C0332281
27481922	739	743	risk	T078	C0035647
27481922	747	759	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	774	785	significant	T078	C0750502
27481922	786	798	associations	T080	C0439849
27481922	812	824	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	825	832	overall	T080	C1561607
27481922	854	864	late-onset	T079	C4025592
27481922	865	877	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	882	888	severe	T080	C0205082
27481922	889	901	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	903	908	IL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
27481922	910	919	rs2229238	T170	C0282574
27481922	925	932	TNFSF11	T028	C1367028
27481922	934	943	rs9525643	T170	C0282574
27481922	945	958	polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27481922	964	979	associated with	T080	C0332281
27481922	984	988	risk	T078	C0035647
27481922	1004	1016	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	1018	1025	TNFSF11	T028	C1367028
27481922	1027	1036	rs2200287	T170	C0282574
27481922	1041	1050	rs2148072	T170	C0282574
27481922	1052	1065	polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27481922	1071	1086	associated with	T080	C0332281
27481922	1087	1091	risk	T078	C0035647
27481922	1100	1112	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	1118	1123	study	T062	C2603343
27481922	1143	1151	evidence	T078	C3887511
27481922	1157	1175	genetic variations	T070	C0042333
27481922	1179	1191	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27481922	1192	1206	mediator genes	T028	C0017337
27481922	1207	1213	IL-1R1	T116,T129,T192	C0391754
27481922	1215	1220	IL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
27481922	1222	1229	TNFSF11	T028	C1367028
27481922	1235	1241	IL-5RA	T116,T129,T192	C1704269
27481922	1247	1262	associated with	T080	C0332281
27481922	1263	1275	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	1276	1280	risk	T078	C0035647
27481922	1290	1294	risk	T078	C0035647
27481922	1305	1317	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27481922	1318	1326	subtypes	T185	C0449560

27482315|t|Preoperative ultrasonographic findings of internal jugular veins and carotid arteries in kidney transplant recipients
27482315|a|Hemodialysis via the internal jugular vein (IJV) has been widely used for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, as they have a higher risk of arterial diseases. We investigated the ultrasonographic findings of the IJV and carotid artery (CA) in recipients of kidney transplantation (KT) and identified factors influencing IJV / CA abnormalities. We enrolled 120 adult KT recipients. Patients in group A (n = 57) had a history of IJV hemodialysis, while those in group B (n = 63) were not yet on dialysis or undergoing dialysis methods not involving the IJV. The day before surgery, we evaluated the state of the IJV and CA using ultrasonography. We followed patients with IJV stenosis for six months after KT. Ultrasonography revealed that four patients (7%) in group A had IJV abnormalities, while no patients in group B had abnormalities (P = 0.118). Of the four patients with abnormalities, one with 57.4% stenosis normalized during follow- up. However, another patient with 90.1% stenosis progressed to occlusion, while the two patients with total occlusion remained the same. Twenty patients in group A (n = 11) and B (n = 9) had several CA abnormalities (P = 0.462). Upon multivariate analysis with stepwise selection, height and age were significantly correlated with IJV stenosis (P = 0.043, odds ratio = 0.9) and CA abnormality (P = 0.012, odds ratio = 1.1), respectively. IJV abnormalities (especially with a history of IJV hemodialysis) and CA abnormalities may be present in ESRD patients. Therefore, we recommend ultrasonographic evaluation before catheterization.
27482315	0	12	Preoperative	T079	C0445204
27482315	13	29	ultrasonographic	T060	C0041618
27482315	30	38	findings	T033	C0243095
27482315	42	64	internal jugular veins	T023	C0226550
27482315	69	85	carotid arteries	T023	C0007272
27482315	89	117	kidney transplant recipients	T033	C4304779
27482315	118	130	Hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27482315	139	160	internal jugular vein	T023	C0226550
27482315	162	165	IJV	T023	C0226550
27482315	192	200	patients	T101	C0030705
27482315	206	229	end stage renal disease	T047	C0022661
27482315	231	235	ESRD	T047	C0022661
27482315	237	245	patients	T101	C0030705
27482315	262	273	higher risk	T033	C3843761
27482315	277	294	arterial diseases	T047	C0852949
27482315	316	332	ultrasonographic	T060	C0041618
27482315	333	341	findings	T033	C0243095
27482315	349	352	IJV	T023	C0226550
27482315	357	371	carotid artery	T023	C0007272
27482315	373	375	CA	T023	C0007272
27482315	380	390	recipients	T098	C1709854
27482315	394	416	kidney transplantation	T061	C0022671
27482315	418	420	KT	T061	C0022671
27482315	457	460	IJV	T190	C4073270
27482315	463	479	CA abnormalities	T190	C4073203
27482315	497	502	adult	T100	C0001675
27482315	503	505	KT	T061	C0022671
27482315	506	516	recipients	T101	C0376387
27482315	518	526	Patients	T101	C0030705
27482315	530	537	group A	T185	C0441835
27482315	553	563	history of	T033	C0332119
27482315	564	567	IJV	T023	C0226550
27482315	568	580	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27482315	597	604	group B	T185	C0441836
27482315	630	638	dialysis	T061	C0011946
27482315	653	669	dialysis methods	T061	C0011946
27482315	688	691	IJV	T023	C0226550
27482315	697	700	day	T079	C0439228
27482315	708	715	surgery	T061	C0543467
27482315	747	750	IJV	T023	C0226550
27482315	755	757	CA	T023	C0007272
27482315	764	779	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27482315	793	801	patients	T101	C0030705
27482315	807	819	IJV stenosis	T047	C0340755
27482315	824	834	six months	T079	C4082120
27482315	841	843	KT	T061	C0022671
27482315	845	860	Ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27482315	880	888	patients	T101	C0030705
27482315	897	904	group A	T185	C0441835
27482315	909	926	IJV abnormalities	T190	C4073270
27482315	937	945	patients	T101	C0030705
27482315	949	956	group B	T185	C0441836
27482315	961	974	abnormalities	T190	C4073270
27482315	1000	1008	patients	T101	C0030705
27482315	1014	1027	abnormalities	T190	C4073270
27482315	1044	1052	stenosis	T047	C0340755
27482315	1071	1081	follow- up	T058	C1522577
27482315	1100	1107	patient	T101	C0030705
27482315	1119	1127	stenosis	T047	C0340755
27482315	1142	1151	occlusion	T046	C0028778
27482315	1167	1175	patients	T101	C0030705
27482315	1187	1196	occlusion	T046	C0028778
27482315	1223	1231	patients	T101	C0030705
27482315	1235	1242	group A	T185	C0441835
27482315	1256	1257	B	T185	C0441836
27482315	1278	1294	CA abnormalities	T190	C4073203
27482315	1313	1334	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27482315	1360	1366	height	T032	C0489786
27482315	1371	1374	age	T032	C0001779
27482315	1410	1422	IJV stenosis	T047	C0340755
27482315	1457	1471	CA abnormality	T190	C4073203
27482315	1517	1534	IJV abnormalities	T190	C4073270
27482315	1554	1564	history of	T033	C0332119
27482315	1565	1568	IJV	T023	C0226550
27482315	1569	1581	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27482315	1587	1603	CA abnormalities	T190	C4073203
27482315	1622	1626	ESRD	T047	C0022661
27482315	1627	1635	patients	T101	C0030705
27482315	1661	1677	ultrasonographic	T060	C0041618
27482315	1678	1688	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27482315	1696	1711	catheterization	T061	C0007430

27482676|t|Lipid digestibility and energy content of distillers' corn oil in swine and poultry
27482676|a|Two experiments were conducted to determine the DE and ME and apparent total tract digestibility of ether extract of 3 distillers' corn oil (DCO; 4.9, 12.8, or 13.9% free fatty acids [FFA]) samplescompared with a sample of refined corn oil (CO; 0.04% FFA) and an industrially hydrolyzed high-FFA DCO (93.8% FFA) in young pigs and growing broilers. In Exp. 1, 54 barrows (initial age = 28 d) were fed a common diet for 7 d and then fed their allotted dietary treatment (either 100% basal diet or 1 of 5 test diets consisting of 90% basal diet plus 10% test lipid) for the next 7 d in group pens (9 pigs / pen). For the next 10 d, pigs were moved to individual metabolism crates for continued diet and crate adaptation and to a twice-daily feeding regimen. Pigs remained on their respective diets for a 4-d total fecal and urine collection period. For Exp. 2, 567 male broilers were obtained from a commercial hatchery (1 d of age) and reared in grower battery cages that contained 9 chicks per cage. Broilers were fed a common corn - soybean meal starter diet from placement until the beginning of the trial (19 d of age). Birds were then randomly assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments (94% basal diet plus 6% dextrose or 94% basal diet plus 6% test lipid substituted for dextrose) on d 19 and were allowed an 8-d dietary acclimation period followed by a 48-h energy balance assay. In Exp. 1, the DCO sample with 12.8% FFA contained the lowest (< 0.05) DE (8,036 kcal/kg) content compared with the 0.04% refined CO sample and the 4.9 or 93.8% FFA DCO samples (8,814, 8,828, and 8,921 kcal/kg, respectively), with the DCO source containing 13.9% FFA having intermediate DE (8,465 kcal/kg) content. The ME content of these lipid sources also differed among treatments (< 0.01), following trends similar to their DE values, with no differences noted for ME as a percentage of DE (> 0.35) content among the lipids evaluated. In Exp. 2, lipids containing 0.04, 4.9, 12.8, and 13.9% FFA had similar nitrogen corrected apparent ME (AME) values (8,072, 7,936, 8,036, and 7,694 respectively), except for the industrially hydrolyzed DCO sample containing 93.8% FFA, which contained 6,276 kcal/kg (< 0.01). Using published prediction equations, the predicted DE of these lipids for swine was 3.5% greater than the values determined in Exp. 1 for all lipid sources, except for the DCO sample containing 93.8% FFA, which the predicted DE was underestimated. Likewise, the predicted AME of these lipids for broilers was 7.4% greater than the determined AMEn (Exp. 2) for all lipid sources.
27482676	0	5	Lipid	T109,T168	C0012171
27482676	6	19	digestibility	T033	C0243095
27482676	24	38	energy content	T080	C3840479
27482676	42	53	distillers'	UnknownType	C0682260
27482676	54	62	corn oil	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	66	71	swine	T015	C0039005
27482676	76	83	poultry	T012	C0032850
27482676	88	99	experiments	T062	C0681814
27482676	132	134	DE	T081	C0392762
27482676	139	141	ME	T081	C0392762
27482676	146	180	apparent total tract digestibility	T033	C0243095
27482676	184	189	ether	T109,T121	C0014994
27482676	190	197	extract	T167	C2828366
27482676	203	214	distillers'	UnknownType	C0682260
27482676	215	223	corn oil	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	225	228	DCO	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	250	266	free fatty acids	T109	C0015688
27482676	268	271	FFA	T109	C0015688
27482676	297	303	sample	T167	C0370003
27482676	307	323	refined corn oil	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	325	327	CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	335	338	FFA	T109	C0015688
27482676	347	359	industrially	T057	C0021267
27482676	360	379	hydrolyzed high-FFA	T109	C0015688
27482676	380	383	DCO	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	391	394	FFA	T109	C0015688
27482676	399	404	young	T079	C0332239
27482676	405	409	pigs	T015	C0039005
27482676	414	430	growing broilers	T012	C2698565
27482676	446	453	barrows	T015	C3669473
27482676	463	466	age	T032	C0001779
27482676	480	483	fed	T052	C2987508
27482676	486	492	common	T081	C0205214
27482676	493	497	diet	T168	C0012155
27482676	515	518	fed	T052	C2987508
27482676	534	541	dietary	T168	C0012155
27482676	542	551	treatment	T052	C2987508
27482676	565	575	basal diet	T168	C2983588
27482676	586	596	test diets	T061	C0452401
27482676	615	625	basal diet	T168	C2983588
27482676	626	630	plus	T169	C0332287
27482676	640	645	lipid	T109,T168	C0012171
27482676	667	677	group pens	T073	C3273359
27482676	681	685	pigs	T015	C0039005
27482676	688	691	pen	T073	C3273359
27482676	713	717	pigs	T015	C0039005
27482676	743	760	metabolism crates	T073	C3273359
27482676	765	774	continued	T078	C0549178
27482676	775	779	diet	T168	C0012155
27482676	784	789	crate	T073	C3273359
27482676	790	800	adaptation	T040	C0000934
27482676	810	821	twice-daily	T079	C0585361
27482676	822	837	feeding regimen	T061	C1627346
27482676	839	843	Pigs	T015	C0039005
27482676	873	878	diets	T168	C0012155
27482676	889	894	total	T080	C0439810
27482676	895	900	fecal	T058	C0455051
27482676	905	921	urine collection	T059	C0200354
27482676	922	928	period	T079	C1948053
27482676	946	950	male	T032	C0086582
27482676	951	959	broilers	T012	C2698565
27482676	965	973	obtained	T169	C1301820
27482676	981	1000	commercial hatchery	T092	C1880147
27482676	1009	1012	age	T032	C0001779
27482676	1018	1024	reared	T054	C0870148
27482676	1028	1048	grower battery cages	T073	C0179512
27482676	1054	1063	contained	T169	C0332256
27482676	1066	1072	chicks	T012	C3669416
27482676	1077	1081	cage	T073	C0179512
27482676	1083	1091	Broilers	T012	C2698565
27482676	1097	1100	fed	T052	C2987508
27482676	1103	1109	common	T081	C0205214
27482676	1110	1114	corn	T002	C0010028
27482676	1117	1124	soybean	T168	C0037733
27482676	1125	1129	meal	T056	C1998602
27482676	1130	1142	starter diet	T168	C0012155
27482676	1148	1157	placement	T058	C1533810
27482676	1168	1177	beginning	T079	C0439659
27482676	1185	1190	trial	T062	C0681815
27482676	1200	1203	age	T032	C0001779
27482676	1206	1211	Birds	T012	C0005595
27482676	1222	1230	randomly	T080	C0439605
27482676	1231	1239	assigned	T169	C1516050
27482676	1250	1257	dietary	T168	C0012155
27482676	1258	1268	treatments	T052	C2987508
27482676	1274	1284	basal diet	T168	C2983588
27482676	1285	1289	plus	T169	C0332287
27482676	1293	1301	dextrose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27482676	1309	1319	basal diet	T168	C2983588
27482676	1320	1324	plus	T169	C0332287
27482676	1333	1338	lipid	T109,T168	C0012171
27482676	1355	1363	dextrose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27482676	1397	1404	dietary	T168	C0012155
27482676	1405	1416	acclimation	T040	C0000934
27482676	1417	1423	period	T079	C1948053
27482676	1424	1435	followed by	T079	C0332283
27482676	1443	1463	energy balance assay	T059	C1510438
27482676	1480	1483	DCO	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	1484	1490	sample	T167	C0370003
27482676	1502	1505	FFA	T109	C0015688
27482676	1506	1515	contained	T169	C0332256
27482676	1520	1526	lowest	T080	C1708760
27482676	1536	1538	DE	T081	C0392762
27482676	1555	1562	content	T077	C0456205
27482676	1563	1571	compared	T052	C1707455
27482676	1587	1597	refined CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	1598	1604	sample	T167	C0370003
27482676	1626	1629	FFA	T109	C0015688
27482676	1630	1633	DCO	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	1634	1641	samples	T167	C0370003
27482676	1700	1703	DCO	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	1704	1710	source	T033	C0449416
27482676	1711	1721	containing	T169	C0332256
27482676	1728	1731	FFA	T109	C0015688
27482676	1739	1751	intermediate	T082	C0205103
27482676	1752	1754	DE	T081	C0392762
27482676	1771	1778	content	T077	C0456205
27482676	1784	1794	ME content	T081	C0392762
27482676	1804	1809	lipid	T109,T168	C0012171
27482676	1810	1817	sources	T033	C0449416
27482676	1838	1848	treatments	T052	C2987508
27482676	1859	1868	following	T079	C0332282
27482676	1876	1883	similar	T080	C2348205
27482676	1893	1902	DE values	T081	C0392762
27482676	1909	1923	no differences	T033	C3842396
27482676	1934	1936	ME	T081	C0392762
27482676	1942	1952	percentage	T081	C0439165
27482676	1956	1958	DE	T081	C0392762
27482676	1968	1975	content	T077	C0456205
27482676	1986	1992	lipids	T109,T168	C0012171
27482676	1993	2002	evaluated	T052	C1516048
27482676	2015	2021	lipids	T109,T168	C0012171
27482676	2022	2032	containing	T169	C0332256
27482676	2060	2063	FFA	T109	C0015688
27482676	2068	2075	similar	T080	C2348205
27482676	2076	2106	nitrogen corrected apparent ME	T081	C0392762
27482676	2108	2111	AME	T081	C0392762
27482676	2113	2119	values	T081	C1522609
27482676	2182	2209	industrially hydrolyzed DCO	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	2210	2216	sample	T167	C0370003
27482676	2217	2227	containing	T169	C0332256
27482676	2234	2237	FFA	T109	C0015688
27482676	2245	2254	contained	T169	C0332256
27482676	2285	2294	published	T057	C0034037
27482676	2295	2315	prediction equations	T077	C0552449
27482676	2321	2330	predicted	T078	C0681842
27482676	2331	2333	DE	T081	C0392762
27482676	2343	2349	lipids	T109,T168	C0012171
27482676	2354	2359	swine	T015	C0039005
27482676	2369	2376	greater	T081	C1704243
27482676	2386	2392	values	T081	C1522609
27482676	2422	2427	lipid	T109,T168	C0012171
27482676	2428	2435	sources	T033	C0449416
27482676	2452	2455	DCO	T109,T168	C0010029
27482676	2456	2462	sample	T167	C0370003
27482676	2463	2473	containing	T169	C0332256
27482676	2480	2483	FFA	T109	C0015688
27482676	2495	2504	predicted	T078	C0681842
27482676	2505	2507	DE	T081	C0392762
27482676	2542	2551	predicted	T078	C0681842
27482676	2552	2555	AME	T081	C0392762
27482676	2565	2571	lipids	T109,T168	C0012171
27482676	2576	2584	broilers	T012	C2698565
27482676	2594	2601	greater	T081	C1704243
27482676	2622	2626	AMEn	T081	C0392762
27482676	2644	2649	lipid	T109,T168	C0012171
27482676	2650	2657	sources	T033	C0449416

27482869|t|Voices: A Conversation with Allen J. Wilcox
27482869|a|Allen James Wilcox was born on 30 September 1946 in Columbus, OH. He studied medicine at the University of Michigan, graduated in 1973, and after a rotating internship, he completed a master's degree in maternal and child health (1976) and a PhD in epidemiology (1979) at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. After graduation, he went to work at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS, one of the US National Institutes of Health) in Durham, NC, where he has spent his career. He developed a research program in reproductive and perinatal epidemiology, a relatively unexplored area at the time. His studies include the early pregnancy study, which documented the extent of subclinical pregnancy loss in humans and established the fertile days of a woman's menstrual cycle. He served as the Chief of the Epidemiology Branch from 1991 to 2001, and as Editor-in-Chief of the journal EPIDEMIOLOGY from 2001 to 2014. His textbook, Fertility and Pregnancy-An Epidemiologic Perspective, was published by Oxford University Press in 2010. He was elected to the American Epidemiological Society in 1989, and served as its president in 2003. He also served as president of the Society of Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiological Research (1996) and the president of the Society of Epidemiological Research (1998). He holds adjunct teaching appointments at the University of North Carolina, Harvard University, and the University of Bergen (Norway), which awarded him an honorary doctoral degree in 2008.
27482869	10	22	Conversation	T054	C0871703
27482869	28	43	Allen J. Wilcox	T016	C0086418
27482869	44	62	Allen James Wilcox	T016	C0086418
27482869	96	108	Columbus, OH	T083	C3831044
27482869	121	129	medicine	T091	C0025118
27482869	137	159	University of Michigan	T073,T092	C0041740
27482869	201	211	internship	T065	C0237690
27482869	216	243	completed a master's degree	T033	C2030948
27482869	247	272	maternal and child health	T091	C4035700
27482869	286	289	PhD	T170	C1512022
27482869	293	305	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27482869	320	348	University of North Carolina	T073,T092	C0041740
27482869	352	363	Chapel Hill	T083	C0017446
27482869	371	381	graduation	T065	C1711333
27482869	394	398	work	T057	C0043227
27482869	406	457	National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences	T093	C1955979
27482869	459	464	NIEHS	T093	C1955979
27482869	477	509	US National Institutes of Health	T093	C0027468
27482869	514	524	Durham, NC	T083	C3830368
27482869	549	555	career	T057	C0178534
27482869	572	588	research program	T062	C0683935
27482869	609	631	perinatal epidemiology	T091	C1518977
27482869	699	714	early pregnancy	T047	C0747845
27482869	728	738	documented	T058	C1301725
27482869	753	764	subclinical	T080	C0205211
27482869	765	779	pregnancy loss	T046	C0687675
27482869	783	789	humans	T016	C0086418
27482869	794	805	established	T080	C0443211
27482869	810	822	fertile days	T079	C0015894
27482869	828	835	woman's	T098	C0043210
27482869	836	851	menstrual cycle	T040	C0025329
27482869	870	878	Chief of	T097	C1706996
27482869	883	895	Epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27482869	896	902	Branch	T097	C1706131
27482869	929	944	Editor-in-Chief	T097	C1522486
27482869	952	959	journal	T073,T170	C0162443
27482869	960	972	EPIDEMIOLOGY	T091	C0014507
27482869	996	1004	textbook	T073,T170	C0039712
27482869	1006	1058	Fertility and Pregnancy-An Epidemiologic Perspective	T073,T170	C0039712
27482869	1064	1073	published	T057	C0034037
27482869	1077	1100	Oxford University Press	T170	C1552679
27482869	1117	1124	elected	UnknownType	C0682233
27482869	1132	1164	American Epidemiological Society	T093	C1708333
27482869	1192	1201	president	T090	C0028811
27482869	1229	1238	president	T090	C0028811
27482869	1246	1305	Society of Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiological Research	T093	C1708333
27482869	1321	1330	president	T090	C0028811
27482869	1338	1373	Society of Epidemiological Research	T093	C1708333
27482869	1399	1407	teaching	T065	C0220924
27482869	1408	1420	appointments	T079	C0003629
27482869	1428	1456	University of North Carolina	T073,T092	C0041740
27482869	1458	1476	Harvard University	T073,T092	C0041740
27482869	1486	1506	University of Bergen	T073,T092	C0041740
27482869	1508	1514	Norway	T083	C0028423
27482869	1523	1530	awarded	T073	C0004446
27482869	1538	1546	honorary	T080	C2985253
27482869	1547	1562	doctoral degree	T170	C1512027

27483491|t|Hierarchical Address Event Routing for Reconfigurable Large-Scale Neuromorphic Systems
27483491|a|We present a hierarchical address-event routing (HiAER) architecture for scalable communication of neural and synaptic spike events between neuromorphic processors, implemented with five Xilinx Spartan-6 field-programmable gate arrays and four custom analog neuromophic integrated circuits serving 262k neurons and 262M synapses. The architecture extends the single-bus address-event representation protocol to a hierarchy of multiple nested buses, routing events across increasing scales of spatial distance. The HiAER protocol provides individually programmable axonal delay in addition to strength for each synapse, lending itself toward biologically plausible neural network architectures, and scales across a range of hierarchies suitable for multichip and multiboard systems in reconfigurable large-scale neuromorphic systems. We show approximately linear scaling of net global synaptic event throughput with number of routing nodes in the network, at $3.6x10^7$ synaptic events per second per 16k- neuron node in the hierarchy.
27483491	54	86	Large-Scale Neuromorphic Systems	T170	C0282574
27483491	143	155	architecture	T078	C0009596
27483491	169	182	communication	T052	C0441655
27483491	186	192	neural	T022	C0027763
27483491	197	205	synaptic	T030	C0039062
27483491	206	218	spike events	T051	C0441471
27483491	227	250	neuromorphic processors	T073	C1707713
27483491	274	321	Xilinx Spartan-6 field-programmable gate arrays	T073	C0699733
27483491	345	376	neuromophic integrated circuits	T073	C0699733
27483491	390	397	neurons	T025	C0027882
27483491	407	415	synapses	T030	C0039062
27483491	421	433	architecture	T078	C0009596
27483491	486	494	protocol	T170	C0442711
27483491	513	534	multiple nested buses	T080	C0205556
27483491	536	550	routing events	T051	C0441471
27483491	579	595	spatial distance	T081	C0012751
27483491	607	615	protocol	T170	C0442711
27483491	651	657	axonal	T026	C0004461
27483491	658	663	delay	T079	C0205421
27483491	697	704	synapse	T030	C0039062
27483491	751	779	neural network architectures	T040	C0598941
27483491	835	844	multichip	T073	C3273359
27483491	849	867	multiboard systems	T073	C3273359
27483491	886	918	large-scale neuromorphic systems	T170	C0282574
27483491	942	956	linear scaling	T052	C1947916
27483491	960	985	net global synaptic event	T051	C0441471
27483491	971	979	synaptic	T030	C0039062
27483491	1012	1025	routing nodes	T077	C1254372
27483491	1033	1040	network	T169	C1882071
27483491	1056	1064	synaptic	T030	C0039062
27483491	1065	1071	events	T051	C0441471
27483491	1092	1098	neuron	T025	C0027882
27483491	1099	1103	node	T077	C1254372

27484091|t|A closer look at school bonding among African American adolescents in low-income communities: A latent class analysis
27484091|a|Positive school bonding is a significant precursor to students ' school success. However, African American youth report lower school success compared with their White counterparts. This study examined correlates of school bonding among 633 African American youth who were recruited from community settings in Chicago. Major findings indicated that negative peer norms, exposure to community violence, and poor mental health were negatively correlated with school bonding, while parental monitoring, positive self-regard, and future orientation were correlated with higher school motivation. Students classified as having high or moderate school bonding were more likely to live with both parents, experience higher levels of parental monitoring, and exhibit positive self-regard. Implications are discussed in view of these findings.
27484091	17	23	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27484091	24	31	bonding	T041	C0237497
27484091	38	54	African American	T098	C0085756
27484091	55	66	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27484091	70	92	low-income communities	T098	C0024045
27484091	96	117	latent class analysis	T062	C0242481
27484091	118	126	Positive	T033	C1446409
27484091	127	133	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27484091	134	141	bonding	T041	C0237497
27484091	147	158	significant	T078	C0750502
27484091	159	168	precursor	T078	C1709634
27484091	172	180	students	T098	C0038492
27484091	183	189	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27484091	190	197	success	T054	C0597535
27484091	208	224	African American	T098	C0085756
27484091	225	230	youth	T100	C0087178
27484091	238	243	lower	T080	C0205251
27484091	244	250	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27484091	251	258	success	T054	C0597535
27484091	279	297	White counterparts	T098	C1257890
27484091	304	309	study	T062	C2603343
27484091	319	329	correlates	T080	C1707520
27484091	333	339	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27484091	340	347	bonding	T041	C0237497
27484091	358	374	African American	T098	C0085756
27484091	375	380	youth	T100	C0087178
27484091	390	399	recruited	T052	C2949735
27484091	405	423	community settings	T096	C0009462
27484091	427	434	Chicago	T083	C0008044
27484091	436	441	Major	T080	C0205164
27484091	442	450	findings	T033	C0243095
27484091	466	485	negative peer norms	T033	C1513916
27484091	487	498	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27484091	499	517	community violence	T033	C4061413
27484091	523	527	poor	T080	C2700379
27484091	528	541	mental health	T041	C0025353
27484091	547	557	negatively	T033	C0205160
27484091	558	568	correlated	T080	C1707520
27484091	574	580	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27484091	581	588	bonding	T041	C0237497
27484091	596	615	parental monitoring	UnknownType	C0814580
27484091	617	637	positive self-regard	T033	C1821524
27484091	643	649	future	T079	C0016884
27484091	650	661	orientation	T041	C0029266
27484091	667	677	correlated	T080	C1707520
27484091	683	689	higher	T080	C0205250
27484091	690	696	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27484091	697	707	motivation	T041	C0026605
27484091	709	717	Students	T098	C0038492
27484091	718	728	classified	T185	C0008902
27484091	739	743	high	T080	C0205250
27484091	747	755	moderate	T080	C0205081
27484091	756	762	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27484091	763	770	bonding	T041	C0237497
27484091	791	795	live	T052	C2982691
27484091	806	813	parents	T099	C0030551
27484091	815	825	experience	T041	C0596545
27484091	826	832	higher	T080	C0205250
27484091	833	839	levels	T080	C0441889
27484091	843	862	parental monitoring	UnknownType	C0814580
27484091	868	896	exhibit positive self-regard	T033	C1821524
27484091	942	950	findings	T033	C0243095

27484439|t|Prevalence of depression in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional study in a tertiary care centre
27484439|a|The present study aims to study the prevalence of depression in patients with uncomplicated type II diabetes mellitus and to find its association with various socio-demographic factors in the same. A cross-sectional, single interview study was performed in an outpatient department of an endocrinology institute. Total 80 type II DM patients without any associated complications of diabetes were included in this study. To diagnose Depressive Episode, structured clinical interview for DSM V was applied. Severity of depression was assessed by Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). To assess socio-demographic characteristics of the patients, all of them were evaluated with a semi-structured socio-demographic performa. 38.75% patients (N=31) were found to be suffering from depression. Among them 48.38% were moderately depressed and none were suffering from very severe depression. Significant association was not found between depression and socio-demographic factors of age (p=0.920), gender (p=0.251), economic profile (p=0.583), local background of the patient (p=0.646), educational qualification (p=0.935) and marital status (p=0.644). Similarly no association was found with duration of diabetes, HbA1c and BMI. Exclusion of complicated cases didn't seem to influence overall prevalence of depression, although reduction in severity was apparent. Thus even in those diabetic patients who are leading a complication free life, a detailed psychiatric analysis to rule out depression is mandatory.
27484439	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27484439	14	24	depression	T048	C0011570
27484439	28	36	patients	T101	C0030705
27484439	40	64	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27484439	68	89	cross sectional study	T062	C0010362
27484439	95	115	tertiary care centre	T073,T093	C0587437
27484439	128	133	study	T062	C2603343
27484439	134	138	aims	T078	C1947946
27484439	142	147	study	T062	C2603343
27484439	152	162	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27484439	166	176	depression	T048	C0011570
27484439	180	188	patients	T101	C0030705
27484439	194	233	uncomplicated type II diabetes mellitus	T047	C0546950
27484439	250	261	association	T080	C0439849
27484439	275	300	socio-demographic factors	T078	C0011292
27484439	316	331	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
27484439	333	349	single interview	T052	C0021822
27484439	350	355	study	T062	C2603343
27484439	376	397	outpatient department	T073,T093	C0557824
27484439	404	417	endocrinology	T091	C0014137
27484439	418	427	institute	T092	C0021622
27484439	438	494	type II DM patients without any associated complications	T047	C0546950
27484439	498	506	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27484439	529	534	study	T062	C2603343
27484439	539	547	diagnose	T033	C0011900
27484439	548	566	Depressive Episode	T048	C0349217
27484439	568	597	structured clinical interview	T060	C0935589
27484439	602	607	DSM V	T170	C1137105
27484439	621	629	Severity	T080	C0439793
27484439	633	643	depression	T048	C0011570
27484439	648	656	assessed	T052	C1516048
27484439	660	696	Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression	T170	C0451203
27484439	698	703	HAM-D	T170	C0451203
27484439	709	715	assess	T058	C0184514
27484439	716	733	socio-demographic	T080	C0205556
27484439	734	749	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27484439	757	765	patients	T101	C0030705
27484439	784	793	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27484439	801	816	semi-structured	T080	C0205556
27484439	817	834	socio-demographic	T080	C0205556
27484439	852	860	patients	T101	C0030705
27484439	885	894	suffering	T048	C0683278
27484439	900	910	depression	T048	C0011570
27484439	935	955	moderately depressed	T170	C3828991
27484439	970	979	suffering	T048	C0683278
27484439	990	996	severe	T080	C0439793
27484439	997	1007	depression	T048	C0011570
27484439	1009	1020	Significant	T078	C0750502
27484439	1021	1032	association	T080	C0439849
27484439	1055	1065	depression	T048	C0011570
27484439	1070	1095	socio-demographic factors	T078	C0011292
27484439	1099	1102	age	T032	C0001779
27484439	1114	1120	gender	T032	C0079399
27484439	1132	1148	economic profile	T102	C0337781
27484439	1160	1191	local background of the patient	T201	C1717036
27484439	1203	1228	educational qualification	T033	C0013658
27484439	1243	1257	marital status	T102	C0024819
27484439	1282	1293	association	T080	C0439849
27484439	1309	1317	duration	T079	C0449238
27484439	1321	1329	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27484439	1331	1336	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27484439	1341	1344	BMI	T201	C1305855
27484439	1346	1355	Exclusion	T052	C2828389
27484439	1359	1370	complicated	T169	C0231242
27484439	1371	1376	cases	T169	C0868928
27484439	1392	1401	influence	T077	C4054723
27484439	1402	1409	overall	T080	C1561607
27484439	1410	1420	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27484439	1424	1434	depression	T048	C0011570
27484439	1445	1454	reduction	T080	C0392756
27484439	1458	1466	severity	T080	C0439793
27484439	1500	1508	diabetic	T033	C0241863
27484439	1509	1517	patients	T101	C0030705
27484439	1536	1553	complication free	T033	C4032686
27484439	1554	1558	life	T078	C0376558
27484439	1571	1582	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
27484439	1583	1591	analysis	T062	C0936012
27484439	1604	1614	depression	T048	C0011570

27484604|t|Evaluation of Spontaneous Bone Regeneration after Enucleation of Large Cysts of the Jaws using Radiographic Computed Software
27484604|a|Spontaneous regeneration of bone is commonly seen in the small surgical defects caused by enucleation of cysts. However, in case of large surgical defects caused by the enucleation, spontaneous regeneration of bone is a rare phenomenon and it depends on factors, such as age of the patient, intact periosteum, and proper stabilization. The study included 16 patients, who reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery with the complaint of pain and swelling in the jaws diagnosed as cyst. The sample included equal numbers of male and female subjects aged between 15 and 40 years. Panoramic radiographs were taken pre- and postoperatively on day 2 of the enucleation. The dimensions of the cyst were evaluated on the radiograph according to the proforma. Subsequent radiographs were taken at regular intervals of 1.5, 3, and 6 months using standard parameters and were analyzed using MCID™ analysis software of imaging research. Mean reduction was seen in up to 39 and 60% in the cystic cavity size and increase in the mean density up to 59 and 90.2% at 3 and 6 months intervals respectively. Spontaneous bone regeneration was seen even after primary closure of the large cystic defect without the need for placement of foreign substances or grafts and it also eliminated the complications resulting from placement of foreign substance. Further studies are required in a larger sample with longer follow-up durations to confirm the outcome of the present work for the benefit of patients. The present study depicted that spontaneous bone regeneration can occur with accepted results after simple enucleation of jaw cyst without the aid of any graft material. Hence, simple enucleation may be considered as a first line of treatment modality for cystic lesion of the jaws. This simplifies the surgical procedure, decreases the economic and biologic costs, and reduces the risk of postoperative complications. Follow-up is necessary along with patient's compliance for the success of treatment.
27484604	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27484604	14	25	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27484604	26	43	Bone Regeneration	T042	C0005972
27484604	50	61	Enucleation	T061	C0014392
27484604	65	70	Large	T081	C0549177
27484604	71	76	Cysts	T047	C0010709
27484604	84	88	Jaws	T023	C0022359
27484604	95	107	Radiographic	T070	C0444708
27484604	108	116	Computed	T059	C1441526
27484604	117	125	Software	T073,T170	C0037585
27484604	126	137	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27484604	138	158	regeneration of bone	T042	C0005972
27484604	162	170	commonly	T081	C0205214
27484604	183	188	small	T081	C0700321
27484604	189	197	surgical	T061	C0543467
27484604	198	205	defects	T169	C1457869
27484604	216	227	enucleation	T061	C0014392
27484604	231	236	cysts	T047	C0010709
27484604	258	263	large	T081	C0549177
27484604	264	272	surgical	T061	C0543467
27484604	273	280	defects	T169	C1457869
27484604	295	306	enucleation	T061	C0014392
27484604	308	319	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27484604	320	340	regeneration of bone	T042	C0005972
27484604	346	350	rare	T080	C0522498
27484604	351	361	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27484604	369	376	depends	T080	C1701901
27484604	380	387	factors	T169	C1521761
27484604	397	400	age	T032	C0001779
27484604	408	415	patient	T101	C0030705
27484604	417	423	intact	T080	C0205266
27484604	424	434	periosteum	T024	C0031110
27484604	447	460	stabilization	T061	C1293130
27484604	466	471	study	T062	C2603343
27484604	472	480	included	T169	C0332257
27484604	484	492	patients	T101	C0030705
27484604	498	506	reported	T058	C0700287
27484604	514	558	department of oral and maxillofacial surgery	T073,T093	C0019961
27484604	568	577	complaint	T047	C0012634
27484604	581	585	pain	T184	C0030193
27484604	590	598	swelling	T033	C0038999
27484604	606	610	jaws	T023	C0022359
27484604	611	620	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27484604	624	628	cyst	T047	C0010709
27484604	634	640	sample	T077	C2347026
27484604	641	649	included	T169	C0332257
27484604	656	663	numbers	T081	C0237753
27484604	667	671	male	T032	C0086582
27484604	676	682	female	T032	C0086287
27484604	683	691	subjects	T096	C0681850
27484604	692	696	aged	T032	C0001779
27484604	722	743	Panoramic radiographs	T060	C0034579
27484604	755	759	pre-	T079	C0445204
27484604	764	779	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27484604	796	807	enucleation	T061	C0014392
27484604	813	823	dimensions	T081	C0439534
27484604	831	835	cyst	T047	C0010709
27484604	841	850	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27484604	858	868	radiograph	T060	C1306645
27484604	886	894	proforma	T169	C0205245
27484604	896	906	Subsequent	T079	C0332282
27484604	907	918	radiographs	T060	C1306645
27484604	933	940	regular	T080	C0205272
27484604	941	950	intervals	T079	C1272706
27484604	981	989	standard	T081	C0034925
27484604	990	1000	parameters	T077	C0549193
27484604	1010	1018	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27484604	1025	1039	MCID™ analysis	T170	C3203917
27484604	1040	1048	software	T073,T170	C0037585
27484604	1052	1068	imaging research	T060	C1881134
27484604	1070	1074	Mean	T081	C0444504
27484604	1075	1084	reduction	T061	C0441610
27484604	1121	1127	cystic	T080	C0205207
27484604	1128	1134	cavity	T190	C1510420
27484604	1135	1139	size	T082	C0456389
27484604	1144	1152	increase	T169	C0442805
27484604	1160	1164	mean	T081	C0444504
27484604	1165	1172	density	T081	C0178587
27484604	1210	1219	intervals	T079	C1272706
27484604	1234	1245	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27484604	1246	1263	bone regeneration	T042	C0005972
27484604	1284	1291	primary	T080	C0205225
27484604	1292	1299	closure	T061	C0185003
27484604	1307	1312	large	T081	C0549177
27484604	1313	1319	cystic	T080	C0205207
27484604	1320	1326	defect	T169	C1457869
27484604	1339	1343	need	T080	C0027552
27484604	1348	1357	placement	T058	C0441587
27484604	1361	1379	foreign substances	T167	C0729652
27484604	1383	1389	grafts	T122	C0181074
27484604	1402	1412	eliminated	T080	C0849355
27484604	1417	1430	complications	T046	C0009566
27484604	1431	1445	resulting from	T169	C0678226
27484604	1446	1455	placement	T058	C0441587
27484604	1459	1476	foreign substance	T167	C0729652
27484604	1486	1493	studies	T062	C2603343
27484604	1498	1506	required	T169	C1514873
27484604	1512	1518	larger	T081	C0549177
27484604	1519	1525	sample	T077	C2347026
27484604	1531	1537	longer	T080	C0205166
27484604	1538	1547	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27484604	1548	1557	durations	T079	C0449238
27484604	1561	1568	confirm	T080	C1456348
27484604	1573	1600	outcome of the present work	T080	C0085415
27484604	1609	1616	benefit	T081	C0814225
27484604	1620	1628	patients	T101	C0030705
27484604	1634	1641	present	T079	C0521116
27484604	1642	1647	study	T062	C2603343
27484604	1662	1673	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27484604	1674	1691	bone regeneration	T042	C0005972
27484604	1707	1715	accepted	T080	C1272684
27484604	1716	1723	results	T033	C0808233
27484604	1730	1736	simple	T080	C0205352
27484604	1737	1748	enucleation	T061	C0014392
27484604	1752	1755	jaw	T023	C0022359
27484604	1756	1760	cyst	T047	C0010709
27484604	1773	1776	aid	T080	C1269765
27484604	1784	1798	graft material	T122	C0181074
27484604	1807	1813	simple	T080	C0205352
27484604	1814	1825	enucleation	T061	C0014392
27484604	1833	1843	considered	T078	C0750591
27484604	1849	1872	first line of treatment	T061	C1708063
27484604	1873	1881	modality	T078	C0695347
27484604	1886	1892	cystic	T080	C0205207
27484604	1893	1899	lesion	T033	C0221198
27484604	1907	1911	jaws	T023	C0022359
27484604	1933	1951	surgical procedure	T061	C0543467
27484604	1953	1962	decreases	T081	C0547047
27484604	1967	1975	economic	T169	C0013557
27484604	1980	1988	biologic	T080	C0205460
27484604	1989	1994	costs	T081	C0010186
27484604	2000	2007	reduces	T061	C0441610
27484604	2012	2016	risk	T078	C0035647
27484604	2020	2047	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
27484604	2049	2058	Follow-up	T058	C1522577
27484604	2083	2092	patient's	T101	C0030705
27484604	2093	2103	compliance	T055	C1321605
27484604	2112	2132	success of treatment	T080	C0679864

27484988|t|Scar Assessment After Breast Augmentation Surgery with Axillary Incision versus Inframammary Fold Incision: Long-Term Follow-Up in Chinese Patients
27484988|a|The inframammary fold (IMF) incision is widely used in Western countries for breast augmentation surgery, whereas the axillary incision is the dominant approach used in China, because many Chinese surgeons believe that the Asian population has a higher risk of developing hypertrophic scars. However, comparative data of scar assessment through different incisions in Chinese patients are scarce. The aims of the study were as follows: (1) to evaluate the outcomes of scar assessment using the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), combined with patient satisfaction scoring, in the scar assessment after breast augmentation surgery; (2) to compare the long-term cosmetic effects of surgical scars between axillary and IMF incisions. Consecutive patients coming to our department for follow-up care at least 1 year after primary breast augmentation surgeries with axillary and IMF incisions between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014 were included in the research. Internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and convergent validity were examined for the VSS and patient satisfaction scoring. The baseline characteristics and scar scores were tested using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Student's t test between the two groups. Sixty-one patients underwent implantation surgeries through the axillary incisions, and 17 patients through the IMF incisions. There were no significant differences in age, follow-up time, body mass index, implant volume, or implant projection between groups. Reliability and validity of the VSS and patient satisfaction scoring were satisfactory. The scores of pigmentation were higher in the IMF group than those in the axilla group with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The scores of other subscales, overall VSS scores, and patient satisfaction were not statistically significant. The scars were significantly longer in the axilla group compared with the IMF group (P < 0.05). The VSS combined with patient satisfaction scoring constitutes an effective tool to evaluate incision scars after augmentation mammaplasty. Scars in the axilla and IMF can achieve comparable cosmetic effects and patient satisfaction in Chinese women. Chinese patients with proper indications can receive breast augmentation surgery through the IMF incision, with fewer risks and less trauma, and get satisfactory scar appearance as through the axillary incision. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
27484988	0	4	Scar	T024	C0334150
27484988	5	15	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27484988	22	49	Breast Augmentation Surgery	UnknownType	C0741759
27484988	55	72	Axillary Incision	T061	C0191709
27484988	80	97	Inframammary Fold	T029	C1179022
27484988	98	106	Incision	T061	C0184898
27484988	108	117	Long-Term	T079	C0443252
27484988	118	127	Follow-Up	T058	C1522577
27484988	131	138	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27484988	139	147	Patients	T101	C0030705
27484988	152	169	inframammary fold	T029	C1179022
27484988	171	174	IMF	T029	C1179022
27484988	176	184	incision	T061	C0184898
27484988	203	220	Western countries	UnknownType	C0681784
27484988	225	252	breast augmentation surgery	UnknownType	C0741759
27484988	266	283	axillary incision	T061	C0191709
27484988	291	299	dominant	T169	C1527180
27484988	300	308	approach	T082	C0449445
27484988	317	322	China	T083	C0008115
27484988	337	344	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27484988	345	353	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27484988	371	387	Asian population	T098	C0078988
27484988	394	405	higher risk	T033	C3843761
27484988	420	438	hypertrophic scars	T020	C0162810
27484988	449	460	comparative	T062	C0683941
27484988	461	465	data	T078	C1511726
27484988	469	473	scar	T024	C0334150
27484988	474	484	assessment	T058	C0220825
27484988	503	512	incisions	T061	C0184898
27484988	516	523	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27484988	524	532	patients	T101	C0030705
27484988	537	543	scarce	T033	C3833383
27484988	561	566	study	T062	C0008972
27484988	591	612	evaluate the outcomes	T057	C0085565
27484988	616	620	scar	T024	C0334150
27484988	621	631	assessment	T058	C0220825
27484988	642	662	Vancouver scar scale	T170	C0349674
27484988	664	667	VSS	T170	C0349674
27484988	670	678	combined	T080	C0205195
27484988	684	712	patient satisfaction scoring	T170	C0451370
27484988	721	725	scar	T024	C0334150
27484988	726	736	assessment	T058	C0220825
27484988	743	770	breast augmentation surgery	UnknownType	C0741759
27484988	779	786	compare	T052	C1707455
27484988	791	800	long-term	T079	C0443252
27484988	801	809	cosmetic	T073	C0010164
27484988	810	817	effects	T080	C1280500
27484988	821	835	surgical scars	T024	C0334150
27484988	844	852	axillary	T061	C0191709
27484988	857	860	IMF	T029	C1179022
27484988	861	870	incisions	T061	C0184898
27484988	872	883	Consecutive	T080	C1707491
27484988	884	892	patients	T101	C0030705
27484988	907	917	department	T073,T093	C0019961
27484988	922	936	follow-up care	T058	C0001758
27484988	948	952	year	T079	C0439234
27484988	959	966	primary	T080	C0205225
27484988	967	996	breast augmentation surgeries	UnknownType	C0741759
27484988	1002	1010	axillary	T061	C0191709
27484988	1015	1018	IMF	T029	C1179022
27484988	1019	1028	incisions	T061	C0184898
27484988	1096	1104	research	T062	C0035168
27484988	1106	1126	Internal consistency	T081	C0870731
27484988	1128	1151	inter-rater reliability	T081	C0870740
27484988	1157	1176	convergent validity	T080	C1510594
27484988	1182	1190	examined	T033	C0332128
27484988	1199	1202	VSS	T170	C0349674
27484988	1207	1235	patient satisfaction scoring	T170	C0451370
27484988	1241	1249	baseline	T081	C1442488
27484988	1250	1265	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27484988	1270	1281	scar scores	T170	C0349674
27484988	1287	1293	tested	T169	C0039593
27484988	1304	1323	Mann-Whitney U-test	T081	C0242927
27484988	1328	1344	Student's t test	T081,T170	C0871453
27484988	1361	1367	groups	T098	C1257890
27484988	1379	1387	patients	T101	C0030705
27484988	1398	1410	implantation	T061	C0021107
27484988	1411	1420	surgeries	T061	C0543467
27484988	1433	1451	axillary incisions	T061	C0191709
27484988	1460	1468	patients	T101	C0030705
27484988	1481	1484	IMF	T029	C1179022
27484988	1485	1494	incisions	T061	C0184898
27484988	1510	1521	significant	T078	C0750502
27484988	1537	1540	age	T032	C0001779
27484988	1542	1551	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27484988	1552	1556	time	T079	C0040223
27484988	1558	1573	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27484988	1575	1582	implant	T074	C0021102
27484988	1583	1589	volume	T081	C0449468
27484988	1594	1612	implant projection	T082	C0442268
27484988	1621	1627	groups	T098	C1257890
27484988	1629	1653	Reliability and validity	T080	C0035036
27484988	1661	1664	VSS	T170	C0349674
27484988	1669	1697	patient satisfaction scoring	T170	C0451370
27484988	1703	1715	satisfactory	T170	C1547307
27484988	1721	1727	scores	T081	C0449820
27484988	1731	1743	pigmentation	T032	C0031911
27484988	1749	1755	higher	T080	C0205250
27484988	1763	1766	IMF	T029	C1179022
27484988	1767	1772	group	T098	C1257890
27484988	1791	1797	axilla	T061	C0191709
27484988	1798	1803	group	T098	C1257890
27484988	1809	1833	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
27484988	1835	1836	P	T081	C1709380
27484988	1850	1856	scores	T081	C0449820
27484988	1866	1875	subscales	T081	C0459443
27484988	1885	1888	VSS	T170	C0349674
27484988	1889	1895	scores	T081	C0449820
27484988	1901	1921	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27484988	1931	1956	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27484988	1962	1967	scars	T024	C0334150
27484988	1973	1986	significantly	T078	C0750502
27484988	1987	1993	longer	T080	C0205166
27484988	2001	2007	axilla	T061	C0191709
27484988	2008	2013	group	T098	C1257890
27484988	2014	2022	compared	T052	C1707455
27484988	2032	2035	IMF	T029	C1179022
27484988	2036	2041	group	T098	C1257890
27484988	2058	2061	VSS	T170	C0349674
27484988	2062	2070	combined	T080	C0205195
27484988	2076	2104	patient satisfaction scoring	T170	C0451370
27484988	2120	2129	effective	T080	C1280519
27484988	2130	2134	tool	T073	C2827396
27484988	2138	2146	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27484988	2147	2155	incision	T061	C0184898
27484988	2156	2161	scars	T024	C0334150
27484988	2168	2192	augmentation mammaplasty	T061	C0191925
27484988	2194	2199	Scars	T024	C0334150
27484988	2207	2213	axilla	T061	C0191709
27484988	2218	2221	IMF	T029	C1179022
27484988	2245	2253	cosmetic	T073	C0010164
27484988	2254	2261	effects	T080	C1280500
27484988	2266	2286	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27484988	2290	2297	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27484988	2298	2303	women	T098	C0043210
27484988	2305	2312	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27484988	2313	2321	patients	T101	C0030705
27484988	2334	2345	indications	T078	C0392360
27484988	2358	2385	breast augmentation surgery	UnknownType	C0741759
27484988	2398	2401	IMF	T029	C1179022
27484988	2402	2410	incision	T061	C0184898
27484988	2417	2422	fewer	T081	C0205388
27484988	2423	2428	risks	T078	C0035647
27484988	2433	2437	less	T080	C0547044
27484988	2438	2444	trauma	T037	C3714660
27484988	2454	2466	satisfactory	T170	C1547307
27484988	2467	2471	scar	T024	C0334150
27484988	2472	2482	appearance	T080	C0700364
27484988	2498	2515	axillary incision	T061	C0191709
27484988	2522	2529	journal	T170	C0282420
27484988	2544	2551	authors	T097	C3812881
27484988	2552	2558	assign	T169	C1516050
27484988	2561	2578	level of evidence	T033	C0393009
27484988	2587	2594	article	T170	C1706852

27485101|t|MicroRNA-26a protects against cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting GATA4 in rat model and cultured cardiomyocytes.
27485101|a|Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by deleterious changes developed in cardiovascular diseases, whereas microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the mediation of cardiac hypertrophy. To investigate the role of microRNA-26a (miR-26a) in regulating cardiac hypertrophy and its functioning mechanisms, overexpression and suppression of miR-26a via its mimic and inhibitor in a transverse abdominal aortic constriction (TAAC)- induced rat model and in angiotensin II (Ang II)- induced cardiomyocytes (CMs) was performed. In the rat model, the heart weight (HW) compared with the body weight (BW), the CM area, and expression of the hypertrophy - associated factors, atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and ß-myosin heavy chain (ß-MHC), were assessed. In CMs, the protein synthesis rate was determined using a leucine incorporation assay. Mutation of the GATA-binding protein 4 (GATA4) 3'-untranslated region (UTR) and overexpression of GATA4 were performed to confirm whether GATA4 is the target of miR-26a. The results indicated that miR-26a was significantly downregulated in the heart tissue of the rat model, as well as in Ang II - induced CMs (P<0.05). The TAAC - induced rat model exhibited a higher HW / BW ratio, a larger CM area, and higher expression levels of ANF and ß-MHC. CMs, upon Ang II treatment, also demonstrated a larger CM area, higher levels of ANF and ß-MHC, as well as accelerated protein synthesis. miR-26a was not able to regulate GATA4 with mutations in the 3'-UTR, indicating that GATA4 was the direct target of miR-26a. Overexpression of GATA4 abrogated the inhibitory functions of miR-26a in cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, the present study suggested an anti-hypertrophic role of miR-26a in cardiac hypertrophy, possibly via inhibition of GATA4. These findings may be useful in terms of facilitating cardiac treatment, with potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
27485101	0	12	MicroRNA-26a	T114	C3179934
27485101	13	21	protects	T033	C1545588
27485101	22	29	against	T080	C0521124
27485101	30	49	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27485101	54	64	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27485101	65	70	GATA4	T028	C1414995
27485101	74	77	rat	T015	C0034721
27485101	78	83	model	T008	C0599779
27485101	88	111	cultured cardiomyocytes	T025	C0007635
27485101	97	111	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27485101	113	125	Pathological	T169	C1521733
27485101	126	145	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27485101	166	177	deleterious	T052	C1880274
27485101	178	185	changes	T169	C0392747
27485101	199	222	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
27485101	232	241	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27485101	243	249	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27485101	284	303	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27485101	308	319	investigate	T169	C1292732
27485101	332	344	microRNA-26a	T114	C3179934
27485101	346	353	miR-26a	T114	C3179934
27485101	358	388	regulating cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C2611906
27485101	397	408	functioning	T042	C0232164
27485101	409	419	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27485101	421	435	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27485101	440	451	suppression	T045	C0038855
27485101	455	462	miR-26a	T028	C2825314
27485101	471	476	mimic	T044	C0242943
27485101	481	490	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27485101	496	506	transverse	T082	C0205106
27485101	507	516	abdominal	T029	C0000726
27485101	517	536	aortic constriction	T046	C0597891
27485101	538	542	TAAC	T046	C0597891
27485101	545	552	induced	T169	C0205263
27485101	553	556	rat	T015	C0034721
27485101	557	562	model	T008	C0599779
27485101	570	584	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27485101	586	592	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27485101	595	602	induced	T169	C0205263
27485101	603	617	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27485101	619	622	CMs	T025	C0225828
27485101	646	649	rat	T015	C0034721
27485101	650	655	model	T008	C0599779
27485101	661	673	heart weight	T081	C0043100
27485101	675	677	HW	T081	C0043100
27485101	697	708	body weight	T032	C0005910
27485101	710	712	BW	T032	C0005910
27485101	719	721	CM	T025	C0225828
27485101	722	726	area	T082	C0205146
27485101	732	742	expression	T078	C3854321
27485101	750	761	hypertrophy	T046	C0020564
27485101	764	774	associated	T080	C0439849
27485101	775	782	factors	T169	C1521761
27485101	784	809	atrial natriuretic factor	T116,T123	C0027481
27485101	811	814	ANF	T116,T123	C0027481
27485101	820	840	ß-myosin heavy chain	T116,T123	C1451796
27485101	842	847	ß-MHC	T116,T123	C1451796
27485101	855	863	assessed	T052	C1516048
27485101	868	871	CMs	T025	C0225828
27485101	877	894	protein synthesis	T044	C0597295
27485101	895	899	rate	T081	C1521828
27485101	923	950	leucine incorporation assay	T059	C0005507
27485101	952	960	Mutation	T045	C0026882
27485101	968	990	GATA-binding protein 4	T028	C1414995
27485101	992	997	GATA4	T028	C1414995
27485101	999	1021	3'-untranslated region	T086,T123	C0600600
27485101	1023	1026	UTR	T086,T123	C0600600
27485101	1032	1046	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27485101	1050	1055	GATA4	T028	C1414995
27485101	1090	1095	GATA4	T028	C1414995
27485101	1103	1109	target	T169	C1521840
27485101	1113	1120	miR-26a	T114	C3179934
27485101	1149	1156	miR-26a	T114	C3179934
27485101	1175	1188	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27485101	1196	1208	heart tissue	T024	C1272575
27485101	1216	1219	rat	T015	C0034721
27485101	1220	1225	model	T008	C0599779
27485101	1241	1247	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27485101	1250	1257	induced	T169	C0205263
27485101	1258	1261	CMs	T025	C0225828
27485101	1276	1280	TAAC	T046	C0597891
27485101	1283	1290	induced	T169	C0205263
27485101	1291	1294	rat	T015	C0034721
27485101	1295	1300	model	T008	C0599779
27485101	1313	1319	higher	T080	C0205250
27485101	1320	1322	HW	T081	C0043100
27485101	1325	1327	BW	T032	C0005910
27485101	1328	1333	ratio	T081	C0456603
27485101	1337	1343	larger	T081	C0549177
27485101	1344	1346	CM	T025	C0225828
27485101	1347	1351	area	T082	C0205146
27485101	1357	1363	higher	T080	C0205250
27485101	1364	1374	expression	T045	C1171362
27485101	1375	1381	levels	T080	C0441889
27485101	1385	1388	ANF	T116,T123	C0027481
27485101	1393	1398	ß-MHC	T116,T123	C1451796
27485101	1400	1403	CMs	T025	C0225828
27485101	1410	1416	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27485101	1417	1426	treatment	T061	C0087111
27485101	1455	1457	CM	T025	C0225828
27485101	1458	1462	area	T082	C0205146
27485101	1464	1470	higher	T080	C0205250
27485101	1471	1477	levels	T080	C0441889
27485101	1481	1484	ANF	T116,T123	C0027481
27485101	1489	1494	ß-MHC	T116,T123	C1451796
27485101	1507	1518	accelerated	T169	C0521110
27485101	1519	1536	protein synthesis	T044	C0597295
27485101	1538	1545	miR-26a	T114	C3179934
27485101	1562	1570	regulate	T038	C1327622
27485101	1571	1576	GATA4	T028	C1414995
27485101	1582	1591	mutations	T045	C0026882
27485101	1599	1605	3'-UTR	T086,T123	C0600600
27485101	1623	1628	GATA4	T028	C1414995
27485101	1644	1650	target	T169	C1521840
27485101	1654	1661	miR-26a	T114	C3179934
27485101	1663	1677	Overexpression	T045	C1514559
27485101	1681	1686	GATA4	T028	C1414995
27485101	1701	1721	inhibitory functions	T042	C0234122
27485101	1725	1732	miR-26a	T114	C3179934
27485101	1736	1755	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27485101	1804	1821	anti-hypertrophic	T033	C0243095
27485101	1822	1826	role	T077	C1705810
27485101	1830	1837	miR-26a	T114	C3179934
27485101	1841	1860	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27485101	1875	1885	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27485101	1889	1894	GATA4	T028	C1414995
27485101	1902	1910	findings	T033	C0243095
27485101	1950	1957	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27485101	1958	1967	treatment	T061	C0087111
27485101	1974	1983	potential	T080	C3245505
27485101	1984	1995	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27485101	1996	2003	targets	T169	C1521840

27485340|t|Membrane Protein Solubilization and Composition of Protein Detergent Complexes
27485340|a|Membrane proteins are typically expressed in heterologous systems with a view to in vitro characterization. A critical step in the preparation of membrane proteins after expression in any system is the solubilization of the protein in aqueous solution, typically using detergents and lipids, to obtain the protein in a form suitable for purification, structural or functional analysis. This process is particularly difficult as the objective is to prepare the protein in an unnatural environment, a protein detergent complex, separating it from its natural lipid partners while causing the minimum destabilization or modification of the structure. Although the process is difficult, and relatively hard to master, an increasing number of membrane proteins have been successfully isolated after expression in a wide variety of systems. In this chapter we give a general protocol for preparing protein detergent complexes that is aimed at guiding the reader through the different critical steps. In the second part of the chapter we illustrate how to analyze the composition of protein detergent complexes; this analysis is important as it has been found that compositional variation often causes irreproducible results.
27485340	0	31	Membrane Protein Solubilization	T044	C1621323
27485340	36	47	Composition	T070	C0243176
27485340	51	58	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27485340	59	68	Detergent	T120	C0011740
27485340	69	78	Complexes	T104	C1704241
27485340	79	96	Membrane proteins	T116,T123	C0025252
27485340	101	120	typically expressed	T045	C1171362
27485340	124	136	heterologous	T080	C0439860
27485340	137	144	systems	T169	C0449913
27485340	160	168	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27485340	169	185	characterization	T052	C1880022
27485340	189	202	critical step	T077	C1261552
27485340	210	221	preparation	T052	C1521827
27485340	225	242	membrane proteins	T116,T123	C0025252
27485340	249	259	expression	T045	C1171362
27485340	267	273	system	T169	C0449913
27485340	281	310	solubilization of the protein	T044	C1621323
27485340	314	330	aqueous solution	T121	C3255993
27485340	348	358	detergents	T120	C0011740
27485340	363	369	lipids	T109	C0023779
27485340	385	392	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27485340	403	411	suitable	T080	C3900053
27485340	416	428	purification	T169	C0243114
27485340	430	440	structural	T061	C0204514
27485340	444	454	functional	T169	C0205245
27485340	455	463	analysis	T062	C0936012
27485340	470	477	process	T067	C1522240
27485340	539	546	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27485340	553	562	unnatural	T080	C0522502
27485340	563	574	environment	T082	C0014406
27485340	578	585	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27485340	586	595	detergent	T120	C0011740
27485340	596	603	complex	T104	C1704241
27485340	628	635	natural	T169	C0205296
27485340	636	641	lipid	T109	C0023779
27485340	669	676	minimum	T080	C1524031
27485340	677	692	destabilization	T043	C1622120
27485340	696	708	modification	T033	C3840684
27485340	716	725	structure	T082	C0678594
27485340	740	747	process	T067	C1522240
27485340	751	760	difficult	T080	C0332218
27485340	796	806	increasing	T169	C0442808
27485340	817	834	membrane proteins	T116,T123	C0025252
27485340	845	866	successfully isolated	T169	C0205409
27485340	873	883	expression	T045	C1171362
27485340	905	912	systems	T169	C0449913
27485340	940	956	general protocol	T170	C2348563
27485340	971	978	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27485340	979	988	detergent	T120	C0011740
27485340	989	998	complexes	T104	C1704241
27485340	1057	1071	critical steps	T077	C1261552
27485340	1128	1135	analyze	T062	C0936012
27485340	1140	1151	composition	T070	C0243176
27485340	1155	1162	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27485340	1163	1172	detergent	T120	C0011740
27485340	1173	1182	complexes	T104	C1704241
27485340	1189	1197	analysis	T062	C0936012
27485340	1237	1250	compositional	T070	C0243176
27485340	1251	1260	variation	T080	C0205419

27485594|t|Systematic Quantification of GPCR / cAMP - Controlled Protein Kinase A Interactions
27485594|a|The diffusible second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) originates from multiple G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) cascades activating the intracellular key effector protein kinase A (PKA). Spatially and temporally restricted cAMP - fluxes are directly sensed by macromolecular PKA complexes. The consequences are alterations of molecular interactions, which lead to activation of compartmentalized PKA phosphotransferase activities, regulating a vast array of cellular functions. To decode cell-type and cell-compartment specific PKA functions, the spatio-temporal dynamics of small molecule:protein interactions, protein:protein interactions (PPIs), cAMP - mobilization, and phosphotransferase activities need to be determined directly in the appropriate cellular context. A collection of cell-based reporters has been developed to either visualize or quantitatively measure kinase activities or PKA complex formation / dissociation. In this review, we list a collection of unimolecular and bimolecular PKA biosensors, followed by the specification of the modular design of a Renilla luciferase based protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA) platform for measuring PKA network interactions. We discuss the application spectrum of the PCA reporter to identify, quantify, and dissect dynamic and transient PKA complexes downstream of specific GPCR activities. We specify the implementation of a PCA PKA platform to systematically quantify the concurrent involvement of receptor - cAMP signaling, post-translational modifications, and kinase subunit mutations / perturbations in PKA activation. The systematic quantification of transient PKA network interactions will contribute to a better understanding how GPCR -recognized input signals are streamlined through the compartmentalized and cAMP - interacting PKA signalosome.
27485594	0	10	Systematic	T169	C0220922
27485594	11	25	Quantification	T081	C1709793
27485594	29	33	GPCR	T116,T192	C0682972
27485594	36	40	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27485594	43	53	Controlled	T169	C2587213
27485594	54	70	Protein Kinase A	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	71	83	Interactions	T044	C1148560
27485594	88	98	diffusible	T082	C0205219
27485594	99	115	second messenger	T123	C1508748
27485594	116	126	cyclic AMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27485594	128	132	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27485594	159	185	G protein-coupled receptor	T116,T192	C0682972
27485594	187	191	GPCR	T116,T192	C0682972
27485594	202	212	activating	T052	C1879547
27485594	217	230	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27485594	244	260	protein kinase A	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	262	265	PKA	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	268	277	Spatially	T082	C1254362
27485594	282	292	temporally	T079	C1254367
27485594	293	303	restricted	T169	C0443288
27485594	304	308	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27485594	311	317	fluxes	T070	C2348693
27485594	341	355	macromolecular	T104	C0178735
27485594	356	369	PKA complexes	T026	C3823671
27485594	375	387	consequences	T169	C0686907
27485594	392	403	alterations	T078	C1515926
27485594	407	429	molecular interactions	T044	C1148560
27485594	445	455	activation	T052	C1879547
27485594	477	510	PKA phosphotransferase activities	T044	C2261493
27485594	539	557	cellular functions	T043	C0007613
27485594	569	578	cell-type	T170	C0449475
27485594	583	599	cell-compartment	T017	C2349967
27485594	609	612	PKA	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	628	652	spatio-temporal dynamics	T062	C3494293
27485594	656	691	small molecule:protein interactions	T044	C1148560
27485594	693	721	protein:protein interactions	T044	C0872079
27485594	723	727	PPIs	T044	C0872079
27485594	730	734	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27485594	737	749	mobilization	T044	C1148560
27485594	755	784	phosphotransferase activities	T044	C2261493
27485594	835	851	cellular context	T080	C0010820
27485594	855	865	collection	T169	C1516698
27485594	869	889	cell-based reporters	T130	C1522485
27485594	919	928	visualize	T169	C0234621
27485594	932	946	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
27485594	947	954	measure	T081	C0079809
27485594	955	972	kinase activities	T044	C2261493
27485594	976	987	PKA complex	T026	C3823671
27485594	988	997	formation	T044	C1148560
27485594	1000	1012	dissociation	T044	C1148560
27485594	1040	1050	collection	T169	C1516698
27485594	1054	1066	unimolecular	T080	C1521991
27485594	1071	1082	bimolecular	T080	C1521991
27485594	1083	1086	PKA	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	1087	1097	biosensors	T075	C0600364
27485594	1136	1150	modular design	T052	C1707689
27485594	1156	1174	Renilla luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C1450145
27485594	1181	1219	protein-fragment complementation assay	T059	C0005507
27485594	1221	1224	PCA	T059	C0005507
27485594	1239	1248	measuring	T081	C0079809
27485594	1249	1252	PKA	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	1249	1252	PKA	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	1253	1273	network interactions	T044	C1148560
27485594	1302	1310	spectrum	T059	C0037812
27485594	1318	1321	PCA	T059	C0005507
27485594	1322	1330	reporter	T130	C1522485
27485594	1334	1342	identify	T033	C0243095
27485594	1344	1352	quantify	T081	C1709793
27485594	1358	1373	dissect dynamic	T169	C0729333
27485594	1378	1387	transient	T079	C0205374
27485594	1388	1391	PKA	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	1388	1401	PKA complexes	T026	C3823671
27485594	1402	1412	downstream	T082	C0522506
27485594	1425	1429	GPCR	T116,T192	C0682972
27485594	1430	1440	activities	T052	C0441655
27485594	1457	1471	implementation	T052	C1708476
27485594	1477	1480	PCA	T059	C0005507
27485594	1481	1484	PKA	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	1481	1484	PKA	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	1497	1511	systematically	T169	C0220922
27485594	1512	1520	quantify	T081	C1709793
27485594	1525	1535	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27485594	1536	1547	involvement	T169	C1314939
27485594	1551	1559	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27485594	1562	1576	cAMP signaling	T044	C1155589
27485594	1578	1610	post-translational modifications	T044	C0033666
27485594	1616	1630	kinase subunit	T116,T126	C1956042
27485594	1631	1640	mutations	T045	C0026882
27485594	1643	1656	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27485594	1660	1674	PKA activation	T043	C1819041
27485594	1680	1690	systematic	T169	C0220922
27485594	1691	1705	quantification	T081	C1709793
27485594	1709	1718	transient	T079	C0205374
27485594	1719	1722	PKA	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	1723	1730	network	T044	C1148560
27485594	1731	1743	interactions	T169	C1704675
27485594	1790	1794	GPCR	T116,T192	C0682972
27485594	1813	1820	signals	T038	C3537152
27485594	1871	1875	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27485594	1878	1889	interacting	T169	C1704675
27485594	1890	1893	PKA	T116,T126	C0033640
27485594	1894	1905	signalosome	T026	C1167160

27485707|t|The role of IGF-1 and the distribution of body fat in decreasing the number of prostate rebiopsies
27485707|a|To assess the usefulness of IGF-1 and internal organ fat measured by bioelectrical impedance audiometry to avoid rebiopsies in patients with persistently high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. A prospective study was conducted with 92 patients who underwent prostate rebiopsy due to high PSA levels with negative results in the rectal examination and a lack of preneoplastic lesions. The patients previously had their IGF-1 levels measured and had undergone an impedance audiometry test using the abdominal Fat Analyser AB-140 TANITA system. We calculated the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the PSA levels, % PSA, internal organ fat and IGF-1 and PSA density. Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer. These patients had significantly higher PSA, PSAd and IGF-1 values and a tendency towards higher internal organ fat levels and lower % PSA readings (p=.001, p=.003, p=.001, p=.24 and P=0.28, respectively). The ROC curve showed an area under the curve for IGF-1 and PSA of .82 and .81, respectively. Using the cutoff points for 95% sensitivity and using the 3 criteria as an indication of rebiopsy, 74% of the biopsies would have been spared, leaving undiagnosed only 1 patient with clinically significant cancer - Gleason score >7 (4+3)-. The positive and negative predictive values for the set of variables were higher than for each one separately (PPV: 66/NPV: 63). The cost of both determinations was 82 euros. Our results suggest that measuring IGF-1 could significantly decrease the number of unnecessary rebiopsies in an inexpensive and safe manner.
27485707	4	8	role	T077	C1705810
27485707	12	17	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27485707	26	38	distribution	T169	C1704711
27485707	42	50	body fat	T201	C0344335
27485707	54	64	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27485707	69	75	number	T081	C0449788
27485707	79	98	prostate rebiopsies	T060	C0194804
27485707	102	108	assess	T052	C1516048
27485707	113	123	usefulness	T080	C3827682
27485707	127	132	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27485707	137	155	internal organ fat	T201	C0344335
27485707	156	164	measured	T080	C0444706
27485707	168	191	bioelectrical impedance	T039	C0162536
27485707	192	202	audiometry	T060	C0004286
27485707	212	222	rebiopsies	T060	C0005558
27485707	226	234	patients	T101	C0030705
27485707	240	252	persistently	T078	C0750508
27485707	253	296	high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels	T033	C4293696
27485707	300	317	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27485707	340	348	patients	T101	C0030705
27485707	363	380	prostate rebiopsy	T060	C0194804
27485707	409	425	negative results	T033	C1334932
27485707	433	451	rectal examination	T060	C0199900
27485707	458	462	lack	T080	C0332268
27485707	466	479	preneoplastic	T191	C0282313
27485707	480	487	lesions	T033	C0221198
27485707	493	501	patients	T101	C0030705
27485707	523	528	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27485707	529	535	levels	T080	C0441889
27485707	536	544	measured	T080	C0444706
27485707	566	591	impedance audiometry test	T060	C0001161
27485707	602	611	abdominal	T029	C0000726
27485707	612	645	Fat Analyser AB-140 TANITA system	T074	C0025080
27485707	650	660	calculated	T052	C1441506
27485707	665	711	receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves	T081	C0035787
27485707	720	730	PSA levels	T034	C0428540
27485707	734	737	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27485707	739	757	internal organ fat	T201	C0344335
27485707	762	767	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27485707	772	775	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27485707	776	783	density	T081	C0178587
27485707	797	805	patients	T101	C0030705
27485707	811	820	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27485707	826	841	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27485707	849	857	patients	T101	C0030705
27485707	862	882	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27485707	883	886	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27485707	888	892	PSAd	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27485707	897	902	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27485707	903	909	values	T080	C0042295
27485707	933	939	higher	T080	C0205250
27485707	940	958	internal organ fat	T201	C0344335
27485707	959	965	levels	T080	C0441889
27485707	970	975	lower	T082	C0441994
27485707	978	981	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27485707	982	990	readings	T077	C1705179
27485707	1053	1062	ROC curve	T081	C0035787
27485707	1073	1077	area	T082	C0205146
27485707	1088	1093	curve	T081	C0035787
27485707	1098	1103	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27485707	1108	1111	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27485707	1152	1158	cutoff	T169	C1442160
27485707	1159	1165	points	T081	C1552961
27485707	1174	1185	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27485707	1202	1210	criteria	T078	C0243161
27485707	1217	1230	indication of	T078	C0392360
27485707	1231	1239	rebiopsy	T060	C0005558
27485707	1252	1260	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27485707	1293	1304	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
27485707	1312	1319	patient	T101	C0030705
27485707	1325	1335	clinically	T080	C0205210
27485707	1336	1347	significant	T078	C0750502
27485707	1348	1354	cancer	T191	C0006826
27485707	1357	1370	Gleason score	T033	C3203027
27485707	1386	1394	positive	T081	C1514243
27485707	1399	1425	negative predictive values	T081	C1513918
27485707	1434	1437	set	T077	C1705195
27485707	1441	1450	variables	T081	C1705098
27485707	1456	1467	higher than	T081	C0439093
27485707	1515	1519	cost	T081	C0010186
27485707	1528	1542	determinations	T059	C1148554
27485707	1550	1555	euros	T081	C1533125
27485707	1561	1568	results	T169	C1274040
27485707	1582	1591	measuring	T080	C0444706
27485707	1592	1597	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27485707	1604	1626	significantly decrease	T081	C4055638
27485707	1631	1637	number	T081	C0449788
27485707	1641	1652	unnecessary	T058	C0376708
27485707	1653	1663	rebiopsies	T060	C0005558

27485749|t|Adenosine A2A receptors in the olfactory bulb suppress rapid eye movement sleep in rodents
27485749|a|Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder in humans is often accompanied by a reduced ability to smell and detect odors, and olfactory bulbectomized rats exhibit increased REM sleep, suggesting that the olfactory bulb (OB) is involved in REM-sleep regulation. However, the molecular mechanism of REM-sleep regulation by the OB is unknown. Adenosine promotes sleep and its A2A receptors (A2AR) are expressed in the OB. We hypothesized that A2AR in the OB regulate REM sleep. Bilateral microinjections of the A2AR antagonist SCH58261 into the rat OB increased REM sleep, whereas microinjections of the A2AR agonist CGS21680 decreased REM sleep. Similar to the A2AR antagonist, selective A2AR knockdown by adeno-associated virus carrying short-hairpin RNA for A2AR in the rat OB increased REM sleep. Using chemogenetics on the basis of designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs, we demonstrated that the inhibition of A2AR neurons increased REM sleep, whereas the activation of these neurons decreased REM sleep. Moreover, using a conditional anterograde axonal tract-tracing approach, we found that OB A2AR neurons innervate the piriform cortex and olfactory tubercle. These novel findings indicate that adenosine suppresses REM sleep via A2AR in the OB of rodents.
27485749	0	23	Adenosine A2A receptors	T116,T192	C0255998
27485749	31	45	olfactory bulb	T023	C1281094
27485749	46	54	suppress	T169	C1260953
27485749	55	79	rapid eye movement sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	83	90	rodents	T015	C0035804
27485749	91	139	Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder	T048	C0751772
27485749	143	149	humans	T016	C0086418
27485749	176	183	reduced	T080	C0392756
27485749	184	200	ability to smell	T033	C2712084
27485749	205	217	detect odors	T040	C1301543
27485749	223	246	olfactory bulbectomized	T033	C0243095
27485749	247	251	rats	T015	C0086893
27485749	260	269	increased	T081	C0205217
27485749	270	279	REM sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	301	315	olfactory bulb	T023	C1281094
27485749	317	319	OB	T023	C1281094
27485749	336	345	REM-sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	346	356	regulation	T038	C1327622
27485749	371	390	molecular mechanism	T044	C1148560
27485749	394	403	REM-sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	404	414	regulation	T038	C1327622
27485749	422	424	OB	T023	C1281094
27485749	437	446	Adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27485749	456	461	sleep	T040	C0037313
27485749	470	483	A2A receptors	T116,T192	C0255998
27485749	485	489	A2AR	T116,T192	C0255998
27485749	495	504	expressed	T045	C0597360
27485749	512	514	OB	T023	C1281094
27485749	537	541	A2AR	T116,T192	C0255998
27485749	549	551	OB	T023	C1281094
27485749	552	560	regulate	T038	C1327622
27485749	561	570	REM sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	572	597	Bilateral microinjections	T061	C0025991
27485749	605	629	A2AR antagonist SCH58261	T109,T121	C0387956
27485749	639	642	rat	T015	C0086893
27485749	643	645	OB	T023	C1281094
27485749	646	655	increased	T081	C0205217
27485749	656	665	REM sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	675	690	microinjections	T061	C0025991
27485749	698	719	A2AR agonist CGS21680	T121	C2987634
27485749	720	729	decreased	T081	C0205216
27485749	730	739	REM sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	756	771	A2AR antagonist	T109,T121	C0387956
27485749	783	787	A2AR	T028	C1412246
27485749	788	797	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27485749	801	823	adeno-associated virus	T005	C0001417
27485749	833	850	short-hairpin RNA	T114	C2930586
27485749	855	859	A2AR	T028	C1412246
27485749	867	870	rat	T015	C0034693
27485749	871	873	OB	T023	C1281094
27485749	874	883	increased	T081	C0205217
27485749	884	893	REM sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	901	914	chemogenetics	T091	C0017398
27485749	931	949	designer receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27485749	962	971	activated	T052	C1879547
27485749	975	989	designer drugs	T131	C0011684
27485749	1016	1026	inhibition	T042	C0027790
27485749	1030	1034	A2AR	T116,T192	C0255998
27485749	1035	1042	neurons	T025	C0027882
27485749	1043	1052	increased	T081	C0205217
27485749	1053	1062	REM sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	1076	1086	activation	T052	C1879547
27485749	1096	1103	neurons	T025	C0027882
27485749	1104	1113	decreased	T081	C0205216
27485749	1114	1123	REM sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	1155	1196	anterograde axonal tract-tracing approach	T062	C0242481
27485749	1212	1214	OB	T023	C1281094
27485749	1215	1219	A2AR	T116,T192	C0255998
27485749	1220	1227	neurons	T025	C0027882
27485749	1242	1257	piriform cortex	T023	C0228280
27485749	1262	1280	olfactory tubercle	T023	C0917714
27485749	1317	1326	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27485749	1327	1337	suppresses	T169	C1260953
27485749	1338	1347	REM sleep	T041	C0037322
27485749	1352	1356	A2AR	T116,T192	C0255998
27485749	1364	1366	OB	T023	C1281094
27485749	1370	1377	rodents	T015	C0035804

27485947|t|Geometric morphometrics reveals restrictions on the shape of the female os coxae
27485947|a|The methodology for sex determination in human skeletal remains depends on the different bone morphologies presented by men and women. Due to their direct implications in reproduction, the whole pelvis, particularly the os coxae, shows different characteristics in either sex. The sacrum and the os coxae constitute the birth cana l. In this research study, the os coxae shape is analyzed using geometric morphometrics, providing information on morphology, regardless of size or any other factor beyond the geometry itself. A total of 46 adult ossa coxae from a Spanish archaeological collection were studied using geometric morphometrics. The results show that there is a restriction on the shape of female os coxae. In contrast, male os coxae presents a greater range of variation. The biological reason for this difference is the obstetrical dilemma; a concept defined as the anatomical conflict between bipedalism and the full-term birth of a neonate whose large head requires greater dimensions in the pelvic cavity. Our experimental data reinforce the validity of the obstetrical dilemma as source of the restriction on the shape of female ossa coxae. Additionally, according to the results obtained, size itself does not represent a condition for belonging to one sex or another.
27485947	0	9	Geometric	T082	C1254362
27485947	10	23	morphometrics	T059	C0200760
27485947	32	44	restrictions	T169	C0443288
27485947	52	57	shape	T082	C0332479
27485947	65	71	female	T032	C0086287
27485947	72	80	os coxae	T023	C0030786
27485947	85	96	methodology	T078	C3266812
27485947	101	118	sex determination	T038	C1367886
27485947	122	136	human skeletal	T022	C3826167
27485947	170	174	bone	T023	C0262950
27485947	175	187	morphologies	T080	C0332437
27485947	201	204	men	T098	C0025266
27485947	209	214	women	T098	C0043210
27485947	252	264	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27485947	276	282	pelvis	T023	C0030797
27485947	301	309	os coxae	T023	C0030786
27485947	327	342	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27485947	353	356	sex	T032	C0079399
27485947	362	368	sacrum	T029	C3669209
27485947	377	385	os coxae	T023	C0030786
27485947	401	411	birth cana	T023	C0230288
27485947	443	451	os coxae	T023	C0030786
27485947	452	457	shape	T082	C0332479
27485947	476	485	geometric	T082	C1254362
27485947	486	499	morphometrics	T059	C0200760
27485947	511	522	information	T078	C1533716
27485947	526	536	morphology	T080	C0332437
27485947	552	556	size	T032	C1450569
27485947	588	596	geometry	T082	C1254362
27485947	619	624	adult	T100	C0001675
27485947	625	635	ossa coxae	T023	C0030786
27485947	643	650	Spanish	T098	C0086409
27485947	651	665	archaeological	T090	C0003733
27485947	666	676	collection	T059	C0200345
27485947	696	705	geometric	T082	C1254362
27485947	706	719	morphometrics	T059	C0200760
27485947	754	765	restriction	T169	C0443288
27485947	773	778	shape	T082	C0332479
27485947	782	788	female	T032	C0086287
27485947	789	797	os coxae	T023	C0030786
27485947	812	816	male	T032	C0086582
27485947	817	825	os coxae	T023	C0030786
27485947	854	863	variation	T080	C0205419
27485947	869	886	biological reason	T033	C0243095
27485947	914	933	obstetrical dilemma	T078	C1512571
27485947	937	944	concept	T078	C0178566
27485947	960	970	anatomical	T080	C0220784
27485947	971	979	conflict	T080	C1705242
27485947	988	998	bipedalism	T040	C0023946
27485947	1017	1022	birth	T040	C0005615
27485947	1028	1035	neonate	T100	C0021289
27485947	1042	1052	large head	T033	C4083076
27485947	1070	1080	dimensions	T081	C0439534
27485947	1088	1101	pelvic cavity	T030	C0559769
27485947	1107	1124	experimental data	T078	C1511726
27485947	1139	1147	validity	T081	C2349101
27485947	1155	1174	obstetrical dilemma	T078	C1512571
27485947	1192	1203	restriction	T169	C0443288
27485947	1211	1216	shape	T082	C0332479
27485947	1220	1226	female	T032	C0086287
27485947	1227	1237	ossa coxae	T023	C0030786
27485947	1270	1277	results	T033	C2825142
27485947	1288	1292	size	T032	C1450569
27485947	1321	1330	condition	T080	C0348080
27485947	1352	1355	sex	T032	C0079399

27486082|t|Single-cell analyses of X Chromosome inactivation dynamics and pluripotency during differentiation
27486082|a|Pluripotency, differentiation, and X Chromosome inactivation (XCI) are key aspects of embryonic development. However, the underlying relationship and mechanisms among these processes remain unclear. Here, we systematically dissected these features along developmental progression using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and single-cell RNA sequencing with allelic resolution. We found that mESCs grown in a ground state 2i condition displayed transcriptomic profiles diffused from preimplantation mouse embryonic cells, whereas EpiStem cells closely resembled the post-implantation epiblast. Sex -related gene expression varied greatly across distinct developmental states. We also identified novel markers that were highly enriched in each developmental state. Moreover, we revealed that several novel pathways, including PluriNetWork and Focal Adhesion, were responsible for the delayed progression of female EpiStem cells. Importantly, we " digitalized " XCI progression using allelic expression of active and inactive X Chromosomes and surprisingly found that XCI states exhibited profound variability in each developmental state, including the 2i condition. XCI progression was not tightly synchronized with loss of pluripotency and increase of differentiation at the single-cell level, although these processes were globally correlated. In addition, highly expressed genes, including core pluripotency factors, were in general biallelically expressed. Taken together, our study sheds light on the dynamics of XCI progression and the asynchronicity between pluripotency, differentiation, and XCI.
27486082	0	20	Single-cell analyses	T059	C0597452
27486082	24	49	X Chromosome inactivation	T033	C1507147
27486082	50	58	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27486082	63	75	pluripotency	T169	C1514185
27486082	83	98	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27486082	99	111	Pluripotency	T169	C1514185
27486082	113	128	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27486082	134	159	X Chromosome inactivation	T033	C1507147
27486082	161	164	XCI	T033	C1507147
27486082	185	206	embryonic development	T042	C0013936
27486082	232	244	relationship	T080	C0439849
27486082	249	259	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27486082	272	281	processes	T067	C1254366
27486082	307	321	systematically	T169	C0220922
27486082	322	331	dissected	T169	C0205239
27486082	353	366	developmental	T080	C0458003
27486082	367	378	progression	T169	C0449258
27486082	385	411	mouse embryonic stem cells	T025	C4042879
27486082	413	418	mESCs	T025	C4042879
27486082	424	435	single-cell	T025	C0007634
27486082	436	450	RNA sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
27486082	456	463	allelic	T028	C0002085
27486082	464	474	resolution	T077	C2699488
27486082	490	495	mESCs	T025	C4042879
27486082	507	532	ground state 2i condition	T130	C0010454
27486082	543	566	transcriptomic profiles	T081	C1956267
27486082	581	596	preimplantation	T059	C0022885
27486082	597	618	mouse embryonic cells	T025	C4042879
27486082	628	641	EpiStem cells	T025	C0038250
27486082	664	681	post-implantation	T059	C0022885
27486082	682	690	epiblast	T018	C1516906
27486082	692	695	Sex	T032	C0079399
27486082	705	720	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27486082	752	772	developmental states	T079	C0870411
27486082	793	806	novel markers	T045	C0017393
27486082	817	823	highly	T080	C0205250
27486082	841	860	developmental state	T079	C0870411
27486082	897	911	novel pathways	T077	C1705987
27486082	923	935	PluriNetWork	T169	C1882071
27486082	940	954	Focal Adhesion	T026	C0887870
27486082	961	976	responsible for	T033	C1273518
27486082	989	1000	progression	T169	C0449258
27486082	1004	1010	female	T032	C0086287
27486082	1011	1024	EpiStem cells	T025	C0038250
27486082	1044	1055	digitalized	T080	C1883674
27486082	1058	1061	XCI	T033	C1507147
27486082	1062	1073	progression	T169	C0449258
27486082	1080	1087	allelic	T028	C0002085
27486082	1088	1098	expression	T045	C0017262
27486082	1102	1121	active and inactive	T078	C1547601
27486082	1122	1135	X Chromosomes	T026	C0043292
27486082	1164	1167	XCI	T033	C1507147
27486082	1168	1174	states	T169	C1442792
27486082	1214	1233	developmental state	T079	C0870411
27486082	1249	1261	2i condition	T080	C0348080
27486082	1263	1266	XCI	T033	C1507147
27486082	1267	1278	progression	T169	C0449258
27486082	1295	1307	synchronized	T079	C0439580
27486082	1313	1317	loss	T081	C1517945
27486082	1321	1333	pluripotency	T169	C1514185
27486082	1338	1346	increase	T169	C0442805
27486082	1350	1365	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27486082	1373	1384	single-cell	T025	C0007634
27486082	1407	1416	processes	T067	C1254366
27486082	1456	1462	highly	T080	C0205250
27486082	1463	1478	expressed genes	T028	C0017337
27486082	1495	1507	pluripotency	T169	C1514185
27486082	1533	1546	biallelically	T028	C0002085
27486082	1547	1556	expressed	T045	C0017262
27486082	1603	1611	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27486082	1615	1618	XCI	T033	C1507147
27486082	1619	1630	progression	T169	C0449258
27486082	1639	1653	asynchronicity	T079	C0439581
27486082	1662	1674	pluripotency	T169	C1514185
27486082	1676	1691	differentiation	T169	C2945687
27486082	1697	1700	XCI	T033	C1507147

27486419|t|Can We Predict Burnout among Student Nurses? An Exploration of the ICWR-1 Model of Individual Psychological Resilience
27486419|a|The nature of nursing work is demanding and can be stressful. Previous studies have shown a high rate of burnout among employed nurses. Recently, efforts have been made to understand the role of resilience in determining the psychological adjustment of employed nurses. A theoretical model of resilience was proposed recently that includes several constructs identified in the literature related to resilience and to psychological functioning. As nursing students are the future of the nursing workforce it is important to advance our understanding of the determinants of resilience in this population. Student nurses who had completed their final practicum were invited to participate in an online survey measuring the key constructs of the ICWR-1 model. 422 students from across Australia and Canada completed the survey between July 2014 and July 2015. As well as several key demographics, trait negative affect, mindfulness, self-efficacy, coping, resilience, and burnout were measured. We used structural equation modeling and found support for the major pathways of the model; namely that resilience had a significant influence on the relationship between mindfulness, self-efficacy and coping, and psychological adjustment (burnout scores). Furthermore, as predicted, Neuroticism moderated the relationship between coping and burnout. Results are discussed in terms of potential approaches to supporting nursing students who may be at risk of burnout.
27486419	7	14	Predict	T078	C0681842
27486419	15	22	Burnout	T048	C0006433
27486419	29	43	Student Nurses	T097	C0038496
27486419	67	79	ICWR-1 Model	T170	C0026347
27486419	83	93	Individual	T098	C0237401
27486419	94	118	Psychological Resilience	T055	C0683253
27486419	133	145	nursing work	T091	C0028677
27486419	149	158	demanding	T061	C0441516
27486419	170	179	stressful	T169	C0231297
27486419	211	215	high	T080	C0205250
27486419	216	220	rate	T081	C1521828
27486419	224	231	burnout	T048	C0006433
27486419	238	246	employed	T033	C0557351
27486419	247	253	nurses	T097	C0028661
27486419	314	324	resilience	T055	C0683253
27486419	344	368	psychological adjustment	T055	C0683269
27486419	372	380	employed	T033	C0557351
27486419	381	387	nurses	T097	C0028661
27486419	391	408	theoretical model	T170	C0026350
27486419	412	422	resilience	T055	C0683253
27486419	450	458	includes	T169	C0332257
27486419	459	466	several	T081	C0443302
27486419	467	477	constructs	T185	C2827421
27486419	496	506	literature	T170	C0023866
27486419	518	528	resilience	T055	C0683253
27486419	536	561	psychological functioning	T041	C0233398
27486419	566	582	nursing students	T097	C0038496
27486419	591	597	future	T079	C0016884
27486419	605	612	nursing	T091	C0028677
27486419	613	622	workforce	T097	C2700616
27486419	629	638	important	T080	C3898777
27486419	642	649	advance	T079	C3854260
27486419	675	687	determinants	T169	C1521761
27486419	691	701	resilience	T055	C0683253
27486419	710	720	population	T098	C1257890
27486419	722	736	Student nurses	T097	C0038496
27486419	745	754	completed	T078	C1556116
27486419	761	766	final	T079	C3853528
27486419	767	776	practicum	T065	C0032929
27486419	811	824	online survey	T170	C0038951
27486419	825	834	measuring	T080	C0444706
27486419	843	853	constructs	T185	C2827421
27486419	861	873	ICWR-1 model	T170	C0026347
27486419	879	887	students	T097	C0038496
27486419	900	909	Australia	T083	C0004340
27486419	914	920	Canada	T083	C0006823
27486419	921	930	completed	T078	C1556116
27486419	935	941	survey	T170	C0038951
27486419	986	993	several	T081	C0443302
27486419	998	1010	demographics	T078	C1704791
27486419	1012	1033	trait negative affect	T033	C0233849
27486419	1035	1046	mindfulness	T041	C3542996
27486419	1048	1061	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27486419	1063	1069	coping	T055	C0009967
27486419	1071	1081	resilience	T055	C0683253
27486419	1087	1094	burnout	T048	C0006433
27486419	1100	1108	measured	T080	C0444706
27486419	1118	1146	structural equation modeling	T062	C0681947
27486419	1173	1178	major	T080	C0205164
27486419	1179	1187	pathways	T077	C1705987
27486419	1195	1200	model	T170	C0026347
27486419	1214	1224	resilience	T055	C0683253
27486419	1231	1242	significant	T078	C0750502
27486419	1243	1252	influence	T077	C4054723
27486419	1260	1272	relationship	T080	C0439849
27486419	1281	1292	mindfulness	T041	C3542996
27486419	1294	1307	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27486419	1312	1318	coping	T055	C0009967
27486419	1324	1348	psychological adjustment	T055	C0683269
27486419	1350	1357	burnout	T048	C0006433
27486419	1358	1364	scores	T081	C0449820
27486419	1383	1392	predicted	T078	C0681842
27486419	1394	1405	Neuroticism	T048	C1842981
27486419	1420	1432	relationship	T080	C0439849
27486419	1441	1447	coping	T055	C0009967
27486419	1452	1459	burnout	T048	C0006433
27486419	1495	1504	potential	T080	C3245505
27486419	1505	1515	approaches	T169	C1292724
27486419	1530	1546	nursing students	T097	C0038496
27486419	1558	1565	at risk	T080	C1444641
27486419	1569	1576	burnout	T048	C0006433

27486825|t|Prevalence of Psychoactive Substance Consumption in People With Obesity
27486825|a|The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and the kind of psychoactive substances consumed by people with obesity. Patients were included at their first visit for bariatric surgery. Socio-demographic characteristics, anxiety, depressive disorders and psychoactive substance consumption were assessed. The prevalence of psychoactive substance consumption was compared to that of the general population reported by the French National Institute of Prevention and Health Education. One hundred (100) patients were consecutively recruited: 60 women (mean age 41 ± 14 years) and 40 men (mean age 46 ± 13 years). Sixty-seven percent of subjects consumed alcohol. Consumption rates of cannabis (21% vs. 10%), cocaine (7.0% vs. 0.8%) and amphetamine (6.0% vs. 0.3%) were significantly (p < .0001) higher in people with obesity than in the general population. People with obesity have an excess risk of amphetamine, cocaine and cannabis consumption. This consumption may increase the risk of cardiovascular and psychiatric morbidity and should therefore be detected before surgery.
27486825	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27486825	14	36	Psychoactive Substance	T121,T131	C0682880
27486825	37	48	Consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27486825	52	58	People	T098	C0027361
27486825	64	71	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27486825	88	93	study	T062	C0008972
27486825	101	109	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27486825	114	124	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27486825	141	164	psychoactive substances	T121,T131	C0682880
27486825	165	173	consumed	UnknownType	C0678263
27486825	177	183	people	T098	C0027361
27486825	189	196	obesity	T047	C0028754
27486825	198	206	Patients	T101	C0030705
27486825	246	263	bariatric surgery	T061	C1456587
27486825	265	282	Socio-demographic	T062	C0681818
27486825	283	298	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27486825	300	307	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27486825	309	329	depressive disorders	T048	C0011581
27486825	334	356	psychoactive substance	T121,T131	C0682880
27486825	357	368	consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27486825	374	382	assessed	T058	C0184514
27486825	388	398	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27486825	402	424	psychoactive substance	T121,T131	C0682880
27486825	425	436	consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27486825	441	449	compared	T052	C1707455
27486825	465	483	general population	T098	C0683971
27486825	484	492	reported	T058	C0700287
27486825	500	560	French National Institute of Prevention and Health Education	T093	C1708333
27486825	580	588	patients	T101	C0030705
27486825	622	627	women	T098	C0043210
27486825	634	637	age	T032	C0001779
27486825	646	651	years	T079	C0439234
27486825	660	663	men	T098	C0025266
27486825	670	673	age	T032	C0001779
27486825	682	687	years	T079	C0439234
27486825	713	721	subjects	T098	C0080105
27486825	722	738	consumed alcohol	T055	C0001948
27486825	740	751	Consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27486825	752	757	rates	T081	C1521828
27486825	761	769	cannabis	T109,T121	C0024808
27486825	785	792	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27486825	813	824	amphetamine	T109,T121,T123	C0002658
27486825	846	859	significantly	T078	C0750502
27486825	872	878	higher	T080	C0205250
27486825	882	888	people	T098	C0027361
27486825	894	901	obesity	T047	C0028754
27486825	914	932	general population	T098	C0683971
27486825	934	940	People	T098	C0027361
27486825	946	953	obesity	T047	C0028754
27486825	962	968	excess	T080	C1979886
27486825	969	973	risk	T078	C0035647
27486825	977	988	amphetamine	T109,T121,T123	C0002658
27486825	990	997	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27486825	1002	1010	cannabis	T109,T121	C0024808
27486825	1011	1022	consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27486825	1029	1040	consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27486825	1045	1053	increase	T169	C0442805
27486825	1058	1062	risk	T078	C0035647
27486825	1066	1080	cardiovascular	T047	C1301700
27486825	1085	1096	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
27486825	1097	1106	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27486825	1131	1139	detected	T061	C1511790
27486825	1147	1154	surgery	T091	C0038894

27486953|t|Comparison of semiologies between tilt-induced psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures
27486953|a|We sought to characterize the clinical features of tilt-induced psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse (PNSC) from a cohort of young patients and to compare the semiologies between PNSC and EEG -confirmed psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES). A PNSC diagnosis was made if a clinical event occurred during tilt-table testing that the patient regarded as fainting, but neither hypotension nor EEG changes were present. A diagnosis of PNSC was made in 17.6% of all patients referred during the 15-month study period. Cohorts with psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse (n=40) and PNES (n=40) did not differ in age (15.5±2.2 versus 14.6±2.7, p=.11) or female gender (80% versus 72.5%, p=.43). Psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse events were briefer than PNES events (median: 45 versus 201.5s, p<.001). Negative motor signs (head drop, body limpness) predominated in PNSC (85% versus 20%, p<.001), while the positive motor signs of convulsion occurred more often with PNES (90% versus 30%, p<.001). Behavioral arrest (25% versus 32.5%, p=.46) and eye closure (85% versus 72.5%, p=.21) did not differ between PNSC and PNES. Patients with PNSC were more likely to be tearful before (30% versus 7.5%, p=.02) and after (62.5% versus 7.5%, p<.001) an event. In conclusion, although overlap exists, the features of PNSC generally appear similar to neurally mediated syncope, while the features of PNES generally appear similar to epileptic seizures. Psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse and PNES likely represent similar disorders that differ primarily by clinical semiologies and referral patterns.
27486953	14	25	semiologies	T090	C0871335
27486953	47	79	psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse	T048	C0004936
27486953	84	95	psychogenic	T048	C1142430
27486953	96	117	nonepileptic seizures	T047	C2236802
27486953	148	156	clinical	T080	C0205210
27486953	157	165	features	T080	C2348519
27486953	182	214	psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse	T048	C0004936
27486953	216	220	PNSC	T048	C0004936
27486953	229	235	cohort	T098	C0599755
27486953	239	244	young	T079	C0332239
27486953	245	253	patients	T101	C0030705
27486953	273	284	semiologies	T090	C0871335
27486953	293	297	PNSC	T048	C0004936
27486953	302	305	EEG	T060	C0013819
27486953	317	328	psychogenic	T048	C1142430
27486953	329	350	nonepileptic seizures	T047	C2236802
27486953	352	356	PNES	T047	C2236802
27486953	361	365	PNSC	T048	C0004936
27486953	366	375	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27486953	390	404	clinical event	T078	C3831076
27486953	421	439	tilt-table testing	T060	C0242880
27486953	449	456	patient	T101	C0030705
27486953	469	477	fainting	T184	C0039070
27486953	483	490	neither	T033	C3843060
27486953	491	502	hypotension	T033	C0020649
27486953	507	510	EEG	T060	C0013819
27486953	511	518	changes	T169	C0392747
27486953	535	544	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27486953	548	552	PNSC	T048	C0004936
27486953	578	586	patients	T101	C0030705
27486953	622	628	period	T079	C1948053
27486953	630	637	Cohorts	T098	C0599755
27486953	643	675	psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse	T048	C0004936
27486953	687	691	PNES	T047	C2236802
27486953	717	720	age	T032	C0001779
27486953	758	771	female gender	T032	C0086287
27486953	799	831	Psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse	T048	C0004936
27486953	857	861	PNES	T047	C2236802
27486953	905	925	Negative motor signs	T033	C0243095
27486953	927	936	head drop	T033	C0243095
27486953	938	951	body limpness	T033	C0243095
27486953	969	973	PNSC	T048	C0004936
27486953	1010	1030	positive motor signs	T033	C0243095
27486953	1034	1044	convulsion	T184	C4048158
27486953	1070	1074	PNES	T047	C2236802
27486953	1101	1118	Behavioral arrest	T033	C0243095
27486953	1149	1160	eye closure	T033	C0243095
27486953	1210	1214	PNSC	T048	C0004936
27486953	1219	1223	PNES	T047	C2236802
27486953	1225	1233	Patients	T101	C0030705
27486953	1239	1243	PNSC	T048	C0004936
27486953	1267	1274	tearful	T033	C0424109
27486953	1348	1353	event	T051	C0441471
27486953	1379	1386	overlap	T079	C1948020
27486953	1399	1407	features	T080	C2348519
27486953	1411	1415	PNSC	T048	C0004936
27486953	1444	1469	neurally mediated syncope	T047	C0340850
27486953	1481	1489	features	T080	C2348519
27486953	1493	1497	PNES	T047	C2236802
27486953	1526	1544	epileptic seizures	T047	C0014544
27486953	1546	1578	Psychogenic nonsyncopal collapse	T048	C0004936
27486953	1583	1587	PNES	T047	C2236802
27486953	1613	1622	disorders	T047	C0012634
27486953	1648	1656	clinical	T080	C0205210
27486953	1657	1668	semiologies	T090	C0871335

27487357|t|Medication Intervention for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Transitioning from Hospital to Home: Study Design and Baseline Characteristics
27487357|a|The hospital readmission rate in the population with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high and strategies to reduce this risk are urgently needed. The CKD - Medication Intervention Trial (CKD - MIT; www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCTO1459770) is a single-blind (investigators), randomized, clinical trial conducted at Providence Health Care in Spokane, Washington. Study participants are hospitalized patients with CKD stages 3-5 (not treated with kidney replacement therapy) and acute illness. The study intervention is a pharmacist-led, home-based, medication management intervention delivered within 7 days after hospital discharge. The primary outcome is a composite of hospital readmissions and visits to emergency departments and urgent care centers for 90 days following hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes are achievements of guideline-based targets for CKD risk factors and complications. Enrollment began in February 2012 and ended in May 2015. At baseline, the age of participants was 69 ± 11 years (mean ± SD), 50% (77 of 155) were women, 83% (117 of 141) had hypertension and 56% (79 of 141) had diabetes. At baseline, the estimated glomerular filtration rate was 41 ± 14 ml/min/1.73 m2 and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio was 43 mg/g (interquartile range 8-528 mg/g). The most frequent diagnosis category for the index hospital admission was cardiovascular diseases at 34% (53 of 155), but the most common single diagnosis for admission was community-acquired acute kidney injury at 10% (16 of 155). Participants in CKD - MIT are typical of acutely ill hospitalized patients with CKD. A medication management intervention after hospital discharge is under study to reduce post - hospitalization acute care utilization and to improve CKD management.
27487357	0	23	Medication Intervention	T061	C2735670
27487357	28	50	Chronic Kidney Disease	T047	C1561643
27487357	51	59	Patients	T101	C0030705
27487357	60	73	Transitioning	T052	C2700061
27487357	79	87	Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27487357	91	95	Home	T082	C0442519
27487357	97	109	Study Design	T062	C0035171
27487357	114	122	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27487357	123	138	Characteristics	T080	C1521970
27487357	143	163	hospital readmission	T058	C0600290
27487357	164	168	rate	T081	C1521828
27487357	176	186	population	T098	C1257890
27487357	192	214	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
27487357	216	219	CKD	T047	C1561643
27487357	259	263	risk	T078	C0035647
27487357	277	283	needed	T080	C0027552
27487357	289	292	CKD	T047	C1561643
27487357	295	324	Medication Intervention Trial	T061	C2735670
27487357	326	329	CKD	T047	C1561643
27487357	332	335	MIT	T061	C2735670
27487357	337	372	www.clinicaltrials.gov; NCTO1459770	T170	C4287891
27487357	379	391	single-blind	T062	C0037181
27487357	393	406	investigators	T097	C0008961
27487357	409	419	randomized	T062	C0034656
27487357	421	435	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27487357	449	471	Providence Health Care	T058	C0086388
27487357	475	494	Spokane, Washington	T083	C3827207
27487357	496	514	Study participants	T096	C0681850
27487357	519	540	hospitalized patients	T101	C0870668
27487357	546	549	CKD	T047	C1561643
27487357	550	556	stages	T079	C1306673
27487357	566	578	treated with	T061	C0332293
27487357	579	605	kidney replacement therapy	T061	C0206074
27487357	611	624	acute illness	T046	C4061114
27487357	630	648	study intervention	T170	C1096775
27487357	654	668	pharmacist-led	T097	C1449564
27487357	670	680	home-based	T058	C0338059
27487357	682	703	medication management	T058	C0150270
27487357	704	716	intervention	T061	C0184661
27487357	717	726	delivered	T169	C1705822
27487357	736	740	days	T079	C0439228
27487357	747	765	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
27487357	771	786	primary outcome	T169	C1274040
27487357	805	826	hospital readmissions	T058	C0600290
27487357	841	862	emergency departments	T073,T093	C0562508
27487357	867	886	urgent care centers	T073,T093	C1710587
27487357	894	898	days	T079	C0439228
27487357	909	927	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
27487357	929	947	Secondary outcomes	T169	C1274040
27487357	952	964	achievements	UnknownType	C0683272
27487357	968	983	guideline-based	T170	C0162791
27487357	984	991	targets	T169	C1521840
27487357	996	999	CKD	T047	C1561643
27487357	1000	1012	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27487357	1017	1030	complications	T046	C0009566
27487357	1032	1042	Enrollment	T058	C1516879
27487357	1052	1060	February	T080	C3830166
27487357	1079	1082	May	T079	C3812381
27487357	1092	1100	baseline	T081	C1442488
27487357	1106	1109	age	T032	C0001779
27487357	1113	1125	participants	T098	C0679646
27487357	1138	1143	years	T079	C0439234
27487357	1178	1183	women	T098	C0043210
27487357	1206	1218	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27487357	1243	1251	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27487357	1256	1264	baseline	T081	C1442488
27487357	1270	1301	estimated glomerular filtration	T059	C3811844
27487357	1302	1306	rate	T081	C1521828
27487357	1338	1371	urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio	T059	C0455271
27487357	1385	1404	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27487357	1436	1454	diagnosis category	T185	C1550395
27487357	1469	1487	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
27487357	1492	1515	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
27487357	1556	1572	single diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27487357	1577	1586	admission	T058	C0030673
27487357	1591	1609	community-acquired	T080	C0456394
27487357	1610	1629	acute kidney injury	T047	C0022660
27487357	1650	1662	Participants	T098	C0679646
27487357	1666	1669	CKD	T047	C1561643
27487357	1672	1675	MIT	T061	C2735670
27487357	1691	1702	acutely ill	T046	C4061114
27487357	1703	1724	hospitalized patients	T101	C0870668
27487357	1730	1733	CKD	T047	C1561643
27487357	1737	1758	medication management	T058	C0150270
27487357	1759	1771	intervention	T061	C0184661
27487357	1778	1796	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
27487357	1806	1811	study	T062	C2603343
27487357	1815	1821	reduce	T080	C0392756
27487357	1822	1826	post	T079	C0687676
27487357	1829	1844	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27487357	1845	1855	acute care	T058	C0679878
27487357	1856	1867	utilization	T169	C0042153
27487357	1883	1886	CKD	T047	C1561643
27487357	1887	1897	management	T058	C0376636

27487593|t|DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, STRESS, AND THEIR ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CORPS MEMBERS SERVING IN KEBBI STATE
27487593|a|Depression, anxiety and stress, are not only health problems by themselves, but also associated with other negative health consequences. The national youth service is usually characterized by a number of new challenges and experiences which may require life style adjustments by the corps member. However, no previous study on psychological factors has been conducted among corps members. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and, stress and their associated factors among corps members serving in Kebbi state. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 corps members from four local government areas of the state. Selection of the local government areas and the individual participants was by simple random sampling. Data was collected from May to June 2014 using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis used chi-square test to identify the relationship between categorical variables and multivariate logistic regression to identify the independent factors for depression, anxiety and stress each. The response rate was 97%. Most of the respondents were males (63.6%), single (85.5%), and above 20 years of age (71.6%). The overall prevalences of depression, anxiety and stress among the respondents were 36.4%, 54.5% and 18.2% respectively. The independent factors for depression were; being from the North central (OR = 5.99; 95% CI: 2.194-16.354) or South-south; and the perception of earning enough income (OR = 2.987; 95% CI: 1.062-8.400). For anxiety, male gender (OR = 0.411; 95% CI: 0.169-0.999); and being from the North central were significant risk factors (OR = 3.731; 95% CI: 1.450-9.599). Being above 26 years of age was an independent risk factor for stress (OR = 0.083; 95% CI: 0.018-0.381). Also, those who had ever schooled outside their towns of residence were less likely to be stressed compared to those who had never (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.110-0.855). All other factors did not show any significant association with any of the outcome variables in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, the prevalences of depression, anxiety and stress are high among corps members serving in Kebbi state. There is need to expand the scope of this study to a national level so as to get a bigger picture of the problem.
27487593	0	10	DEPRESSION	T048	C0011570
27487593	12	19	ANXIETY	T048	C0003469
27487593	21	27	STRESS	T048	C0038443
27487593	39	49	ASSOCIATED	T080	C0332281
27487593	50	57	FACTORS	T169	C1521761
27487593	64	77	CORPS MEMBERS	T098	C0680022
27487593	89	100	KEBBI STATE	UnknownType	C0681784
27487593	101	111	Depression	T048	C0011570
27487593	113	120	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27487593	125	131	stress	T048	C0038443
27487593	146	161	health problems	T033	C1446377
27487593	186	201	associated with	T080	C0332281
27487593	208	216	negative	T033	C1513916
27487593	217	223	health	T078	C0018684
27487593	224	236	consequences	T169	C0686907
27487593	242	264	national youth service	T092	C1561598
27487593	276	289	characterized	T052	C1880022
27487593	324	335	experiences	T041	C0596545
27487593	354	364	life style	T054	C0023676
27487593	365	376	adjustments	T055	C0376209
27487593	384	396	corps member	T098	C0680022
27487593	428	449	psychological factors	T041	C0033898
27487593	475	488	corps members	T098	C0680022
27487593	495	500	study	T062	C2603343
27487593	532	542	prevalence	T081	C0683921
27487593	546	556	depression	T048	C0011570
27487593	558	565	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27487593	571	577	stress	T048	C0038443
27487593	588	598	associated	T080	C0332281
27487593	599	606	factors	T169	C1521761
27487593	613	626	corps members	T098	C0680022
27487593	638	649	Kebbi state	UnknownType	C0681784
27487593	653	674	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27487593	699	712	corps members	T098	C0680022
27487593	723	745	local government areas	UnknownType	C0681785
27487593	753	758	state	T083	C1301808
27487593	777	799	local government areas	UnknownType	C0681785
27487593	819	831	participants	T098	C0679646
27487593	839	861	simple random sampling	T062	C0681878
27487593	863	867	Data	T078	C1511726
27487593	887	890	May	T079	C3812381
27487593	894	898	June	T079	C3829443
27487593	912	943	self-administered questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27487593	945	958	Data analysis	T057	C0010992
27487593	964	979	chi-square test	T170	C0008041
27487593	996	1008	relationship	T080	C0439849
27487593	1017	1038	categorical variables	T080	C0439828
27487593	1043	1075	multivariate logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27487593	1104	1111	factors	T169	C1521761
27487593	1116	1126	depression	T048	C0011570
27487593	1128	1135	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27487593	1140	1146	stress	T048	C0038443
27487593	1157	1170	response rate	T079	C0237629
27487593	1192	1203	respondents	T098	C0282122
27487593	1209	1214	males	T032	C0086582
27487593	1224	1230	single	T098	C0037179
27487593	1253	1258	years	T079	C1510829
27487593	1262	1265	age	T032	C0001779
27487593	1287	1298	prevalences	T081	C0033105
27487593	1302	1312	depression	T048	C0011570
27487593	1314	1321	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27487593	1326	1332	stress	T048	C0038443
27487593	1343	1354	respondents	T098	C0282122
27487593	1413	1420	factors	T169	C1521761
27487593	1425	1435	depression	T048	C0011570
27487593	1457	1470	North central	T083	C0017446
27487593	1472	1474	OR	T081	C0028873
27487593	1487	1489	CI	T081	C0009667
27487593	1508	1519	South-south	T083	C0017446
27487593	1529	1539	perception	T041	C0030971
27487593	1543	1550	earning	T081	C0680989
27487593	1558	1564	income	T081	C0021162
27487593	1566	1568	OR	T081	C0028873
27487593	1582	1584	CI	T081	C0009667
27487593	1582	1584	CI	T081	C0009667
27487593	1604	1611	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27487593	1613	1624	male gender	T032	C0086582
27487593	1626	1628	OR	T081	C0028873
27487593	1642	1644	CI	T081	C0009667
27487593	1679	1692	North central	T083	C0017446
27487593	1710	1722	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27487593	1724	1726	OR	T081	C0028873
27487593	1740	1742	CI	T081	C0009667
27487593	1773	1778	years	T079	C1510829
27487593	1782	1785	age	T032	C0001779
27487593	1805	1816	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27487593	1821	1827	stress	T048	C0038443
27487593	1829	1831	OR	T081	C0028873
27487593	1845	1847	CI	T081	C0009667
27487593	1888	1896	schooled	T033	C0013658
27487593	1911	1916	towns	T083	C1555315
27487593	1920	1929	residence	T082	C0237096
27487593	1953	1961	stressed	T041	C0564404
27487593	1995	1997	OR	T081	C0028873
27487593	2010	2012	CI	T081	C0009667
27487593	2038	2045	factors	T169	C1521761
27487593	2063	2086	significant association	T080	C0439849
27487593	2103	2120	outcome variables	T080	C0439828
27487593	2124	2145	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27487593	2150	2160	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27487593	2166	2177	prevalences	T081	C0033105
27487593	2181	2191	depression	T048	C0011570
27487593	2193	2200	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27487593	2205	2211	stress	T048	C0038443
27487593	2216	2220	high	T080	C0205250
27487593	2227	2240	corps members	T098	C0680022
27487593	2252	2263	Kebbi state	UnknownType	C0681784
27487593	2307	2312	study	T062	C2603343
27487593	2318	2332	national level	T082	C0681788
27487593	2370	2377	problem	T033	C0033213

27488290|t|Direct Repair of Lumbar Pars Interarticularis Defects by Utilizing Intraoperative O-Arm-Based Navigation and Microendoscopic Techniques
27488290|a|A retrospective analysis of the clinical outcomes of eight patients with the lumbar pars interarticulars defects treated by direct repair with the aid of intraoperative O-arm based navigation and microendoscopic techniques. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of direct screw repair by using minimally invasive surgery for the lumbar pars interarticulars defects in a pilot study. Direct repair of pars interarticulars defects has been used to treat young adult patients. Reports concerning direct repair by minimally invasive techniques for pars interarticulars defects are quite rare. Review of medical records identified eight consecutive patients treated with intraoperative O-arm based navigation and microendoscopic techniques. Debridement and autograft of pars interarticularis defects was performed under microendoscopic procedure. Then, percutaneous bilateral intralaminar screws were inserted by utilizing intraoperative navigation. The clinical and radiological data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Eight patients had a mean age of 28.4 years, and five were 30 years or younger at the time of treatment. Symptoms included axial back pain in 100% of patients without concomitant radiculopathy. Autograft was used in all cases. The average follow-up duration was 27.4 months with a range of 20 to 33 months. Symptoms resolved completely or partially in all patients. Low back pain visual analog scores decrease from preoperative 6.8 to postoperative 1.4 of eight cases. Of 16 pars defects, healing was observed in 13 (81.3%) at last radiological follow-up. One patient with bilateral fusion failure refused revision surgery because of mild complaint. No complications such as dural tear, nerve root injury, and infection occurred. Minimally invasive direct repair of the pars interarticularis defects with intralaminar screws by using microendoscopic system and navigation procedure can provide safe and effective treatment of spondylolysis with satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes, which need some special tools with steep learning curve. 4.
27488290	0	6	Direct	T080	C1947931
27488290	7	13	Repair	T058	C1705181
27488290	17	45	Lumbar Pars Interarticularis	T023	C3874316
27488290	46	53	Defects	T169	C1457869
27488290	57	66	Utilizing	T169	C0042153
27488290	67	104	Intraoperative O-Arm-Based Navigation	T074	C0392304
27488290	109	135	Microendoscopic Techniques	T060	C0014245
27488290	138	160	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
27488290	168	185	clinical outcomes	T033	C2985631
27488290	195	203	patients	T101	C0030705
27488290	213	240	lumbar pars interarticulars	T023	C3874316
27488290	241	248	defects	T169	C1457869
27488290	249	256	treated	T033	C0332154
27488290	260	266	direct	T080	C1947931
27488290	267	273	repair	T058	C1705181
27488290	283	286	aid	T080	C1269765
27488290	290	327	intraoperative O-arm based navigation	T074	C0392304
27488290	332	358	microendoscopic techniques	T060	C0014245
27488290	364	367	aim	T078	C1947946
27488290	376	381	study	T062	C2603343
27488290	389	400	investigate	T169	C1292732
27488290	405	413	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27488290	418	424	safety	T068	C0036043
27488290	428	434	direct	T080	C1947931
27488290	435	440	screw	T074	C0301559
27488290	441	447	repair	T058	C1705181
27488290	451	456	using	T169	C0457083
27488290	457	483	minimally invasive surgery	T061	C0282624
27488290	492	519	lumbar pars interarticulars	T023	C3874316
27488290	520	527	defects	T169	C1457869
27488290	533	544	pilot study	T062	C2603343
27488290	546	552	Direct	T080	C1947931
27488290	553	559	repair	T058	C1705181
27488290	563	583	pars interarticulars	T023	C3874316
27488290	584	591	defects	T169	C1457869
27488290	601	605	used	T169	C0457083
27488290	609	614	treat	T061	C0087111
27488290	615	626	young adult	T100	C0238598
27488290	627	635	patients	T101	C0030705
27488290	637	644	Reports	T170	C0684224
27488290	645	655	concerning	T078	C2699424
27488290	656	662	direct	T080	C1947931
27488290	663	669	repair	T058	C1705181
27488290	673	702	minimally invasive techniques	T061	C0282624
27488290	707	727	pars interarticulars	T023	C3874316
27488290	728	735	defects	T169	C1457869
27488290	746	750	rare	T080	C0522498
27488290	752	758	Review	T078	C1552617
27488290	762	777	medical records	T170	C0025102
27488290	778	788	identified	T080	C0205396
27488290	795	806	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27488290	807	815	patients	T101	C0030705
27488290	816	823	treated	T033	C0332154
27488290	829	866	intraoperative O-arm based navigation	T074	C0392304
27488290	871	897	microendoscopic techniques	T060	C0014245
27488290	899	910	Debridement	T061	C0011079
27488290	915	924	autograft	T061	C0040736
27488290	928	949	pars interarticularis	T023	C3874316
27488290	950	957	defects	T169	C1457869
27488290	962	971	performed	T169	C0884358
27488290	978	1003	microendoscopic procedure	T060	C0014245
27488290	1011	1023	percutaneous	T082	C0522523
27488290	1024	1033	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27488290	1034	1046	intralaminar	T082	C0205274
27488290	1047	1053	screws	T074	C0301559
27488290	1059	1067	inserted	T058	C0441587
27488290	1071	1080	utilizing	T169	C0042153
27488290	1081	1106	intraoperative navigation	T074	C0392304
27488290	1112	1120	clinical	T170	C1516606
27488290	1125	1137	radiological	T091	C0039431
27488290	1138	1142	data	T078	C1511726
27488290	1148	1157	collected	T078	C1516695
27488290	1162	1170	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27488290	1171	1186	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27488290	1194	1202	patients	T101	C0030705
27488290	1209	1213	mean	T081	C0444504
27488290	1214	1217	age	T032	C0001779
27488290	1259	1266	younger	T079	C0332239
27488290	1274	1278	time	T079	C0040223
27488290	1282	1291	treatment	T061	C0087111
27488290	1293	1301	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
27488290	1302	1310	included	T052	C2700399
27488290	1311	1316	axial	T082	C0205131
27488290	1317	1326	back pain	T184	C0004604
27488290	1338	1346	patients	T101	C0030705
27488290	1355	1366	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27488290	1367	1380	radiculopathy	T047	C0700594
27488290	1382	1391	Autograft	T061	C0040736
27488290	1396	1400	used	T169	C0457083
27488290	1408	1413	cases	T077	C1706256
27488290	1419	1426	average	T081	C1510992
27488290	1427	1436	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27488290	1437	1445	duration	T079	C0449238
27488290	1469	1474	range	T081	C1514721
27488290	1495	1503	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
27488290	1504	1512	resolved	T033	C3714811
27488290	1513	1523	completely	T080	C0205197
27488290	1527	1536	partially	T081	C0728938
27488290	1544	1552	patients	T101	C0030705
27488290	1554	1567	Low back pain	T184	C0024031
27488290	1568	1588	visual analog scores	T201	C2960751
27488290	1589	1597	decrease	T081	C0547047
27488290	1603	1615	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27488290	1623	1636	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27488290	1650	1655	cases	T077	C1706256
27488290	1663	1667	pars	T023	C0229962
27488290	1668	1675	defects	T169	C1457869
27488290	1677	1684	healing	T040	C2004454
27488290	1689	1697	observed	T169	C1441672
27488290	1720	1732	radiological	T091	C0039431
27488290	1733	1742	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27488290	1748	1755	patient	T101	C0030705
27488290	1761	1785	bilateral fusion failure	T019	C0332917
27488290	1786	1793	refused	T052	C1705116
27488290	1794	1810	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27488290	1822	1836	mild complaint	T033	C0436343
27488290	1838	1854	No complications	T033	C4032686
27488290	1863	1873	dural tear	T037	C1504340
27488290	1875	1892	nerve root injury	T037	C0854396
27488290	1898	1907	infection	T046	C3714514
27488290	1908	1916	occurred	T052	C1709305
27488290	1918	1936	Minimally invasive	T061	C0282624
27488290	1937	1943	direct	T080	C1947931
27488290	1944	1950	repair	T058	C1705181
27488290	1958	1979	pars interarticularis	T023	C3874316
27488290	1980	1987	defects	T169	C1457869
27488290	1993	2005	intralaminar	T082	C0205274
27488290	2006	2012	screws	T074	C0301559
27488290	2016	2021	using	T169	C0457083
27488290	2022	2044	microendoscopic system	T060	C0014245
27488290	2049	2069	navigation procedure	T074	C0392304
27488290	2074	2081	provide	T052	C1999230
27488290	2091	2100	effective	T080	C1704419
27488290	2101	2110	treatment	T061	C0087111
27488290	2114	2127	spondylolysis	T047	C0038018
27488290	2133	2145	satisfactory	T080	C0205410
27488290	2146	2154	clinical	T080	C0205210
27488290	2159	2171	radiological	T091	C0039431
27488290	2172	2180	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27488290	2188	2192	need	T080	C0027552
27488290	2198	2211	special tools	T074	C0025080
27488290	2217	2222	steep	T080	C0332218
27488290	2223	2237	learning curve	T041	C0023185

27488293|t|Evidence -Based Review and Survey of Expert Opinion of Reconstruction of Metastatic Spine Tumors
27488293|a|Systematic review and consensus expert opinion. To provide surgeons and other health care professionals with guidelines for surgical reconstruction of metastatic spine disease based on evidence and expert opinion. The surgical treatment of spinal metastases is controversial. Specifically two aspects of surgical reconstruction are addressed in this study: (i) choice of bone graft used during surgery for metastatic spine tumors and (ii) the design of reconstruction or construct to stabilize. A systematic review of the available medical literature from 1980 to 2015 was conducted, and combined with consensus expert opinion from a recent survey of spine surgeons who treat metastatic spine tumors. There is very little evidence in the literature to provide guidance on the use of bone graft in metastatic tumor reconstruction. There is little evidence in the literature to support the preferential use of one graft type over the other. Approximately, 41% of respondents said they used bone graft or bone graft substitutes to accomplish fusion. There were 17 studies that described the use of a prefabricated prosthetic, 10 studies describing the use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, and only three studies describing the use of bone graft for anterior column reconstruction. The use of structural allograft was most popular among the experts for anterior reconstruction, followed by cage reconstruction, and PMMA bone cement. Achieving bony union may be of importance for the maintenance of spinal stability in the long term after reconstruction. Whether bony union is required for patients with shorter life expectancies is debatable. The literature supports the use of anterior reconstruction with either a prefabricated prosthetic or PMMA bone cement. It also supports the use of an anterior construct reinforced with bilateral posterior instrumentation when performing a three-column reconstruction. N/A.
27488293	0	8	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27488293	16	22	Review	T170	C0282443
27488293	27	33	Survey	T170	C0038951
27488293	37	51	Expert Opinion	T077	C0600219
27488293	55	69	Reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27488293	73	96	Metastatic Spine Tumors	T191	C0684550
27488293	97	107	Systematic	T169	C0220922
27488293	108	114	review	T170	C0282443
27488293	119	128	consensus	T054	C0376298
27488293	129	143	expert opinion	T077	C0600219
27488293	156	164	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27488293	175	200	health care professionals	T097	C0018724
27488293	206	216	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27488293	221	244	surgical reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27488293	248	258	metastatic	T191	C0027627
27488293	259	272	spine disease	T047	C0037933
27488293	282	290	evidence	T078	C3887511
27488293	295	309	expert opinion	T077	C0600219
27488293	315	333	surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
27488293	337	354	spinal metastases	T191	C0684550
27488293	401	424	surgical reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27488293	468	478	bone graft	T061	C0005976
27488293	484	490	during	T079	C0347984
27488293	491	498	surgery	T061	C0543467
27488293	503	526	metastatic spine tumors	T191	C0684550
27488293	540	546	design	T052	C1707689
27488293	550	564	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27488293	568	577	construct	T122	C0005479
27488293	581	590	stabilize	T033	C0184512
27488293	594	604	systematic	T169	C0220922
27488293	605	611	review	T170	C0282443
27488293	619	628	available	T169	C0470187
27488293	629	636	medical	T169	C0205476
27488293	637	647	literature	T170	C0023866
27488293	685	693	combined	T080	C0205195
27488293	699	708	consensus	T054	C0376298
27488293	709	723	expert opinion	T077	C0600219
27488293	738	744	survey	T170	C0038951
27488293	748	753	spine	T023	C0037949
27488293	754	762	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27488293	767	772	treat	T061	C0087111
27488293	773	796	metastatic spine tumors	T191	C0684550
27488293	819	827	evidence	T078	C3887511
27488293	835	845	literature	T170	C0023866
27488293	857	865	guidance	T058	C0150600
27488293	873	879	use of	T169	C1524063
27488293	880	890	bone graft	T061	C0005976
27488293	894	910	metastatic tumor	T191	C0027627
27488293	911	925	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27488293	943	951	evidence	T078	C3887511
27488293	959	969	literature	T170	C0023866
27488293	998	1004	use of	T169	C1524063
27488293	1009	1019	graft type	T170	C0449494
27488293	1058	1069	respondents	T098	C0282122
27488293	1085	1095	bone graft	T061	C0005976
27488293	1099	1109	bone graft	T061	C0005976
27488293	1110	1121	substitutes	T122	C0243003
27488293	1136	1142	fusion	T061	C1293131
27488293	1158	1165	studies	T062	C0008972
27488293	1185	1191	use of	T169	C1524063
27488293	1194	1218	prefabricated prosthetic	T074	C0175649
27488293	1223	1230	studies	T062	C0008972
27488293	1246	1252	use of	T169	C1524063
27488293	1253	1276	polymethyl methacrylate	T109,T122	C0005533
27488293	1278	1282	PMMA	T109,T122	C0005533
27488293	1284	1295	bone cement	T122	C0005934
27488293	1312	1319	studies	T062	C0008972
27488293	1335	1341	use of	T169	C1524063
27488293	1342	1352	bone graft	T061	C0005976
27488293	1357	1365	anterior	T082	C0205094
27488293	1366	1372	column	T023	C0037949
27488293	1373	1387	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27488293	1393	1399	use of	T169	C1524063
27488293	1400	1420	structural allograft	T061	C2367546
27488293	1448	1455	experts	T097	C0009817
27488293	1460	1468	anterior	T082	C0205094
27488293	1469	1483	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27488293	1485	1496	followed by	T079	C0332283
27488293	1497	1501	cage	T074	C0441239
27488293	1502	1516	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27488293	1522	1526	PMMA	T109,T122	C0005533
27488293	1527	1538	bone cement	T122	C0005934
27488293	1550	1560	bony union	T030	C0391889
27488293	1571	1581	importance	T080	C3898777
27488293	1590	1601	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27488293	1605	1611	spinal	T023	C0037949
27488293	1612	1621	stability	T080	C0205360
27488293	1629	1638	long term	T079	C0443252
27488293	1645	1659	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27488293	1669	1679	bony union	T030	C0391889
27488293	1683	1691	required	T169	C1514873
27488293	1696	1704	patients	T101	C0030705
27488293	1710	1717	shorter	T081	C1806781
27488293	1718	1735	life expectancies	T102	C0023671
27488293	1754	1764	literature	T170	C0023866
27488293	1778	1784	use of	T169	C1524063
27488293	1785	1793	anterior	T082	C0205094
27488293	1794	1808	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27488293	1823	1847	prefabricated prosthetic	T074	C0175649
27488293	1851	1855	PMMA	T109,T122	C0005533
27488293	1856	1867	bone cement	T122	C0005934
27488293	1890	1896	use of	T169	C1524063
27488293	1900	1908	anterior	T082	C0205094
27488293	1909	1918	construct	T122	C0005479
27488293	1935	1944	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27488293	1945	1954	posterior	T082	C0205095
27488293	1955	1970	instrumentation	T080	C0021632
27488293	1976	1986	performing	T061	C0450010
27488293	1989	2016	three-column reconstruction	T061	C0524865

27488602|t|The value of transesophageal echocardiography for embolic strokes of undetermined source
27488602|a|Our aim was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in consecutive patients with ischemic stroke (IS) fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS). We prospectively evaluated consecutive patients with acute IS satisfying ESUS criteria who underwent in- hospital TEE examination in 3 tertiary care stroke centers during a 12-month period. We also performed a systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the cumulative effect of TEE findings on therapeutic management for secondary stroke prevention among different IS subgroups. We identified 61 patients with ESUS who underwent investigation with TEE (mean age 44 ± 12 years, 49% men, median NIH Stroke Scale score = 5 points [interquartile range: 3-8]). TEE revealed additional findings in 52% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40%-65%) of the study population. TEE findings changed management (initiation of anticoagulation therapy, administration of IV antibiotic therapy, and patent foramen ovale closure) in 10 (16% [95% CI: 9%-28%]) patients. The pooled rate of reported anticoagulation therapy attributed to abnormal TEE findings among 3,562 acute IS patients included in the meta-analysis (12 studies) was 8.7% (95% CI: 7.3%-10.4%). In subgroup analysis, the rates of initiation of anticoagulation therapy on the basis of TEE investigation did not differ (p = 0.315) among patients with cryptogenic stroke (6.9% [95% CI: 4.9%-9.6%]), ESUS (8.1% [95% CI: 3.4%-18.1%]), and IS (9.4% [95% CI: 7.5%-11.8%]). Abnormal TEE findings may decisively affect the selection of appropriate therapeutic strategy in approximately 1 of 7 patients with ESUS.
27488602	13	45	transesophageal echocardiography	T060	C0206054
27488602	50	88	embolic strokes of undetermined source	T047	C3888970
27488602	117	133	diagnostic yield	T060	C0011933
27488602	137	169	transesophageal echocardiography	T060	C0206054
27488602	171	174	TEE	T060	C0206054
27488602	191	199	patients	T101	C0030705
27488602	205	220	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27488602	222	224	IS	T047	C0948008
27488602	241	260	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
27488602	264	302	embolic strokes of undetermined source	T047	C3888970
27488602	304	308	ESUS	T047	C3888970
27488602	350	358	patients	T101	C0030705
27488602	370	372	IS	T047	C0948008
27488602	384	388	ESUS	T047	C3888970
27488602	416	424	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27488602	425	440	TEE examination	T060	C0206054
27488602	446	474	tertiary care stroke centers	T073,T093	C0587437
27488602	475	499	during a 12-month period	T079	C1254367
27488602	521	538	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27488602	543	567	meta-analysis estimating	T062	C0920317
27488602	593	596	TEE	T060	C0206054
27488602	597	605	findings	T033	C0243095
27488602	609	631	therapeutic management	T169	C0039798
27488602	636	663	secondary stroke prevention	T061	C1277289
27488602	680	682	IS	T047	C0948008
27488602	711	719	patients	T101	C0030705
27488602	725	729	ESUS	T047	C3888970
27488602	734	757	underwent investigation	T058	C1261322
27488602	763	766	TEE	T060	C0206054
27488602	796	799	men	T098	C0025266
27488602	808	830	NIH Stroke Scale score	T170	C4028214
27488602	843	862	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27488602	871	874	TEE	T060	C0206054
27488602	895	903	findings	T033	C0243095
27488602	916	935	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27488602	937	939	CI	T081	C0009667
27488602	958	974	study population	T098	C2348561
27488602	976	979	TEE	T060	C0206054
27488602	980	988	findings	T033	C0243095
27488602	1009	1019	initiation	T169	C1704686
27488602	1023	1046	anticoagulation therapy	T061	C0003281
27488602	1048	1062	administration	T061	C1533734
27488602	1066	1087	IV antibiotic therapy	T061	C0338237
27488602	1093	1121	patent foramen ovale closure	T061	C0189967
27488602	1139	1141	CI	T081	C0009667
27488602	1152	1160	patients	T101	C0030705
27488602	1166	1177	pooled rate	T081	C1521828
27488602	1190	1213	anticoagulation therapy	T061	C0003281
27488602	1228	1236	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27488602	1237	1240	TEE	T060	C0206054
27488602	1241	1249	findings	T033	C0243095
27488602	1268	1270	IS	T047	C0948008
27488602	1271	1279	patients	T101	C0030705
27488602	1296	1309	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27488602	1337	1339	CI	T081	C0009667
27488602	1357	1374	subgroup analysis	T062	C0936012
27488602	1389	1399	initiation	T169	C1704686
27488602	1403	1426	anticoagulation therapy	T061	C0003281
27488602	1443	1446	TEE	T060	C0206054
27488602	1494	1502	patients	T101	C0030705
27488602	1508	1526	cryptogenic stroke	T169	C0332240
27488602	1538	1540	CI	T081	C0009667
27488602	1555	1559	ESUS	T047	C3888970
27488602	1571	1573	CI	T081	C0009667
27488602	1593	1595	IS	T047	C0948008
27488602	1607	1609	CI	T081	C0009667
27488602	1634	1637	TEE	T060	C0206054
27488602	1638	1646	findings	T033	C0243095
27488602	1686	1697	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27488602	1698	1718	therapeutic strategy	T061	C0087111
27488602	1743	1751	patients	T101	C0030705
27488602	1757	1761	ESUS	T047	C3888970

27489015|t|Trans-oral fine needle aspiration cytology in cervical (C1 and C2) vertebral lesions: a novel diagnostic approach
27489015|a|Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a relatively non-invasive method for diagnosing both superficial and deep-seated neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic utility of trans-oral FNA in cervical (C1 and C2) vertebral and paravertebral lesions. Eighteen FNA cases of cervical vertebral and paravertebral lesions performed by a trans-oral route without any image-guidance between 1995 and 2014 were retrieved from the archives of the cytology department at PGIMER, Chandigarh and reviewed. Out of 18 cases, a definite diagnosis was given in 15 cases (83.3%). The commonest diagnosis seen was granulomatous inflammation consistent with tuberculosis (33.3%). Trans-oral FNA is a quick, inexpensive and relatively safe outpatient procedure for sampling C1 and C2 vertebral and paravertebral lesions, which are clinically and radiologically difficult to approach. It helps in the early diagnosis and management of these patients.
27489015	0	10	Trans-oral	T082	C0442366
27489015	11	42	fine needle aspiration cytology	T060	C2236896
27489015	46	76	cervical (C1 and C2) vertebral	T023	C0223098
27489015	77	84	lesions	T033	C0221198
27489015	94	113	diagnostic approach	T060	C0430022
27489015	114	151	Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology	T060	C2236896
27489015	168	180	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27489015	192	202	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
27489015	208	219	superficial	T033	C1336528
27489015	224	246	deep-seated neoplastic	T191	C0027651
27489015	251	273	non-neoplastic lesions	T033	C0221198
27489015	307	325	diagnostic utility	T169	C0348026
27489015	329	339	trans-oral	T082	C0442366
27489015	340	343	FNA	T060	C2236896
27489015	347	377	cervical (C1 and C2) vertebral	T023	C0223098
27489015	382	395	paravertebral	T029	C0446501
27489015	396	403	lesions	T033	C0221198
27489015	414	417	FNA	T060	C2236896
27489015	427	445	cervical vertebral	T023	C0223098
27489015	450	463	paravertebral	T029	C0446501
27489015	464	471	lesions	T033	C0221198
27489015	487	503	trans-oral route	T082	C0442366
27489015	516	530	image-guidance	T058	C1254363
27489015	593	601	cytology	T091	C0010819
27489015	602	612	department	T092	C1704729
27489015	616	622	PGIMER	T092	C0035172
27489015	624	634	Chandigarh	UnknownType	C0681784
27489015	677	686	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27489015	732	741	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27489015	751	777	granulomatous inflammation	T046	C0553697
27489015	794	806	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27489015	816	826	Trans-oral	T082	C0442366
27489015	827	830	FNA	T060	C2236896
27489015	875	895	outpatient procedure	T061	C1299353
27489015	909	928	C1 and C2 vertebral	T023	C0223098
27489015	933	946	paravertebral	T029	C0446501
27489015	947	954	lesions	T033	C0221198
27489015	966	976	clinically	T201	C0683325
27489015	981	995	radiologically	T091	C0039431
27489015	1035	1050	early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
27489015	1055	1083	management of these patients	T058	C1610129

27489089|t|Mediation Analysis for Health Disparities Research
27489089|a|Social epidemiologists often seek to determine the mechanisms that underlie health disparities. This work is typically based on mediation procedures that may not be justified with exposures of common interest in social epidemiology. In this analysis, we explored the consequences of using standard approaches, referred to as the difference and generalized product methods, when mediator-outcome confounders are associated with the exposure. We compared these with inverse probability -weighted marginal structural models, the structural transformation method, doubly robust g-estimation of a structural nested model, and doubly robust targeted minimum loss -based estimation. We used data on 900,726 births from 2003 to 2007 in the Penn Moms study, conducted in Pennsylvania, to assess the extent to which breastfeeding prior to hospital discharge explained the racial disparity in infant mortality. Overall, for every 1,000 births, 3.36 more infant deaths occurred among non-Hispanic black women relative to all other women (95% confidence interva l: 2.78, 3.93). Using the difference and generalized product methods to assess the disparity that would remain if everyone breastfed prior to discharge suggested a complete elimination of the disparity (risk difference = -0.87 per 1,000 births; 95% confidence interval: -1.39, -0.35). In contrast, doubly robust methods suggested a reduction in the disparity to 2.45 (95% confidence interva l: 2.20, 2.71) more infant deaths per 1,000 births among non-Hispanic black women. Standard approaches for mediation analysis in health disparities research can yield misleading results.
27489089	0	18	Mediation Analysis	UnknownType	C0814912
27489089	23	41	Health Disparities	T033	C1171307
27489089	42	50	Research	T062	C0035168
27489089	58	73	epidemiologists	T097	C1516908
27489089	102	112	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27489089	127	145	health disparities	T033	C1171307
27489089	179	199	mediation procedures	UnknownType	C0814912
27489089	231	240	exposures	T033	C2015793
27489089	244	250	common	T081	C0205214
27489089	251	259	interest	T041	C0543488
27489089	263	282	social epidemiology	T091	C0814832
27489089	292	300	analysis	UnknownType	C0814912
27489089	318	333	consequences of	T169	C0686907
27489089	340	348	standard	T080	C1442989
27489089	349	359	approaches	T169	C1292724
27489089	380	390	difference	T080	C1705242
27489089	395	422	generalized product methods	T170	C0025663
27489089	429	457	mediator-outcome confounders	T169	C0009673
27489089	482	490	exposure	T033	C2015793
27489089	515	522	inverse	T080	C0439850
27489089	523	534	probability	T081	C0033204
27489089	554	571	structural models	T073	C0026349
27489089	577	609	structural transformation method	T170	C0038208
27489089	611	617	doubly	T033	C4035881
27489089	618	624	robust	T080	C2986815
27489089	625	637	g-estimation	T081	C0681916
27489089	643	666	structural nested model	T075	C0026336
27489089	672	678	doubly	T033	C4035881
27489089	679	685	robust	T080	C2986815
27489089	695	702	minimum	T080	C1524031
27489089	703	707	loss	T081	C1517945
27489089	715	725	estimation	T081	C0681916
27489089	735	739	data	T078	C1511726
27489089	751	757	births	T040	C0005615
27489089	783	798	Penn Moms study	T062	C0681814
27489089	813	825	Pennsylvania	T083	C0030853
27489089	857	870	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
27489089	871	879	prior to	T079	C0332152
27489089	880	898	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
27489089	913	929	racial disparity	T033	C1171307
27489089	933	949	infant mortality	T081	C0021278
27489089	960	969	for every	T080	C1948061
27489089	976	982	births	T040	C0005615
27489089	994	1007	infant deaths	T033	C0549159
27489089	1023	1047	non-Hispanic black women	T098	C1518424
27489089	1070	1075	women	T098	C0043210
27489089	1081	1099	confidence interva	T081	C0009667
27489089	1141	1168	generalized product methods	T170	C0025663
27489089	1183	1192	disparity	T033	C1171307
27489089	1223	1232	breastfed	T040	C0006147
27489089	1233	1241	prior to	T079	C0332152
27489089	1242	1251	discharge	T058	C0586003
27489089	1264	1272	complete	T080	C0205197
27489089	1273	1284	elimination	T080	C0449297
27489089	1292	1301	disparity	T033	C1171307
27489089	1303	1318	risk difference	T081	C0392762
27489089	1337	1343	births	T040	C0005615
27489089	1349	1368	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27489089	1398	1404	doubly	T033	C4035881
27489089	1405	1411	robust	T080	C2986815
27489089	1420	1429	suggested	T078	C1705535
27489089	1432	1441	reduction	T061	C0441610
27489089	1449	1458	disparity	T033	C1171307
27489089	1472	1490	confidence interva	T081	C0009667
27489089	1511	1524	infant deaths	T033	C0549159
27489089	1535	1541	births	T040	C0005615
27489089	1548	1572	non-Hispanic black women	T098	C1518424
27489089	1574	1582	Standard	T080	C1442989
27489089	1583	1593	approaches	T169	C1292724
27489089	1598	1616	mediation analysis	UnknownType	C0814912
27489089	1620	1638	health disparities	T033	C1171307
27489089	1658	1668	misleading	T080	C3827420
27489089	1669	1676	results	T169	C1274040

27489143|t|Integrating Evidence From Systematic Reviews, Qualitative Research, and Expert Knowledge Using Co-Design Techniques to Develop a Web -Based Intervention for People in the Retirement Transition
27489143|a|Integrating stakeholder involvement in complex health intervention design maximizes acceptability and potential effectiveness. However, there is little methodological guidance about how to integrate evidence systematically from various sources in this process. Scientific evidence derived from different approaches can be difficult to integrate and the problem is compounded when attempting to include diverse, subjective input from stakeholders. The intent of the study was to describe and appraise a systematic, sequential approach to integrate scientific evidence, expert knowledge and experience, and stakeholder involvement in the co-design and development of a complex health intervention. The development of a Web -based lifestyle intervention for people in retirement is used as an example. Evidence from three systematic reviews, qualitative research findings, and expert knowledge was compiled to produce evidence statements (stage 1). Face validity of these statements was assessed by key stakeholders in a co-design workshop resulting in a set of intervention principles (stage 2). These principles were assessed for face validity in a second workshop, resulting in core intervention concepts and hand-drawn prototypes (stage 3). The outputs from stages 1-3 were translated into a design brief and specification (stage 4), which guided the building of a functioning prototype, Web -based intervention (stage 5). This prototype was de-risked resulting in an optimized functioning prototype (stage 6), which was subject to iterative testing and optimization (stage 7), prior to formal pilot evaluation. The evidence statements (stage 1) highlighted the effectiveness of physical activity, dietary and social role interventions in retirement; the idiosyncratic nature of retirement and well-being; the value of using specific behavior change techniques including those derived from the Health Action Process Approach; and the need for signposting to local resources. The intervention principles (stage 2) included the need to facilitate self-reflection on available resources, personalization, and promotion of links between key lifestyle behaviors. The core concepts and hand-drawn prototypes (stage 3) had embedded in them the importance of time use and work exit planning, personalized goal setting, and acceptance of a Web -based intervention. The design brief detailed the features and modules required (stage 4), guiding the development of wireframes, module content and functionality, virtual mentors, and intervention branding (stage 5). Following an iterative process of intervention testing and optimization (stage 6), the final Web -based intervention prototype of LEAP (Living, Eating, Activity, and Planning in retirement) was produced (stage 7). The approach was resource intensive and required a multidisciplinary team. The design expert made an invaluable contribution throughout the process. Our sequential approach fills an important methodological gap in the literature, describing the stages and techniques useful in developing an evidence -based complex health intervention. The systematic and rigorous integration of scientific evidence, expert knowledge and experience, and stakeholder input has resulted in an intervention likely to be acceptable and feasible.
27489143	0	11	Integrating	T169	C0205245
27489143	12	20	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27489143	26	44	Systematic Reviews	T170	C1955832
27489143	46	66	Qualitative Research	T062	C0949415
27489143	72	78	Expert	T097	C0009817
27489143	79	88	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
27489143	95	115	Co-Design Techniques	T169	C0449851
27489143	129	132	Web	T073	C0282111
27489143	140	152	Intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	157	163	People	T098	C0027361
27489143	171	181	Retirement	T033	C0035345
27489143	182	192	Transition	T052	C2700061
27489143	193	204	Integrating	T169	C0205245
27489143	205	216	stakeholder	T098	C0027361
27489143	217	228	involvement	T169	C1314939
27489143	232	239	complex	T080	C0439855
27489143	240	246	health	T078	C0018684
27489143	247	259	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	260	266	design	T052	C1707689
27489143	277	290	acceptability	T080	C0814633
27489143	305	318	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27489143	345	368	methodological guidance	T052	C0441655
27489143	382	391	integrate	T169	C0205245
27489143	392	400	evidence	T078	C3887511
27489143	401	415	systematically	T169	C0220922
27489143	429	436	sources	T081	C0011001
27489143	445	452	process	T067	C1522240
27489143	454	473	Scientific evidence	T078	C3887511
27489143	497	507	approaches	T169	C1292724
27489143	528	537	integrate	T169	C0205245
27489143	546	553	problem	T033	C0033213
27489143	595	602	diverse	T080	C1880371
27489143	604	614	subjective	T080	C0205556
27489143	615	620	input	T077	C1708517
27489143	626	638	stakeholders	T098	C0027361
27489143	658	663	study	T062	C2603343
27489143	695	705	systematic	T169	C0220922
27489143	707	717	sequential	T080	C1705294
27489143	718	726	approach	T169	C1292724
27489143	730	739	integrate	T169	C0205245
27489143	740	759	scientific evidence	T078	C3887511
27489143	761	767	expert	T097	C0009817
27489143	768	777	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27489143	782	792	experience	T041	C0596545
27489143	798	809	stakeholder	T098	C0027361
27489143	810	821	involvement	T169	C1314939
27489143	829	838	co-design	T052	C1707689
27489143	843	854	development	T169	C1527148
27489143	860	867	complex	T080	C0439855
27489143	868	874	health	T078	C0018684
27489143	875	887	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	893	904	development	T169	C1527148
27489143	910	913	Web	T073	C0282111
27489143	921	930	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27489143	931	943	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	948	954	people	T098	C0027361
27489143	958	968	retirement	T033	C0035345
27489143	992	1000	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27489143	1012	1030	systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
27489143	1032	1052	qualitative research	T062	C0949415
27489143	1053	1061	findings	T169	C2607943
27489143	1067	1073	expert	T097	C0009817
27489143	1074	1083	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27489143	1108	1116	evidence	T078	C3887511
27489143	1117	1127	statements	T078	C1710187
27489143	1129	1134	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	1139	1152	Face validity	T080	C0042284
27489143	1162	1172	statements	T078	C1710187
27489143	1177	1185	assessed	T052	C1516048
27489143	1193	1205	stakeholders	T098	C0027361
27489143	1211	1220	co-design	T052	C1707689
27489143	1221	1229	workshop	UnknownType	C0681323
27489143	1252	1264	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	1265	1275	principles	T170	C0282574
27489143	1277	1282	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	1293	1303	principles	T170	C0282574
27489143	1309	1317	assessed	T052	C1516048
27489143	1322	1335	face validity	T080	C0042284
27489143	1348	1356	workshop	UnknownType	C0681323
27489143	1371	1375	core	T082	C0444669
27489143	1376	1388	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	1389	1397	concepts	T078	C0178566
27489143	1402	1423	hand-drawn prototypes	T170	C0282574
27489143	1425	1430	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	1439	1446	outputs	T077	C1709366
27489143	1452	1458	stages	T079	C1306673
27489143	1468	1478	translated	T057	C0040710
27489143	1486	1492	design	T052	C1707689
27489143	1493	1498	brief	T079	C1879313
27489143	1503	1516	specification	T170	C2348235
27489143	1518	1523	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	1545	1553	building	T169	C1547706
27489143	1559	1570	functioning	T169	C0205245
27489143	1571	1580	prototype	T170	C0282574
27489143	1582	1585	Web	T073	C0282111
27489143	1593	1605	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	1607	1612	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	1622	1631	prototype	T170	C0282574
27489143	1672	1683	functioning	T169	C0205245
27489143	1684	1693	prototype	T170	C0282574
27489143	1695	1700	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	1736	1743	testing	T169	C0039593
27489143	1748	1760	optimization	T052	C2698650
27489143	1762	1767	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	1788	1793	pilot	T097	C0473169
27489143	1794	1804	evaluation	T169	C1292732
27489143	1810	1818	evidence	T078	C3887511
27489143	1819	1829	statements	T078	C1710187
27489143	1831	1836	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	1856	1869	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27489143	1873	1890	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27489143	1892	1899	dietary	T168	C0012155
27489143	1904	1915	social role	T054	C0035820
27489143	1916	1929	interventions	T058	C1273869
27489143	1933	1943	retirement	T033	C0035345
27489143	1949	1969	idiosyncratic nature	T033	C0231191
27489143	1973	1983	retirement	T033	C0035345
27489143	1988	1998	well-being	T078	C0018684
27489143	2004	2009	value	T080	C0042295
27489143	2028	2036	behavior	T053	C0004927
27489143	2037	2043	change	T169	C0392747
27489143	2044	2054	techniques	T169	C0449851
27489143	2088	2118	Health Action Process Approach	T058	C1254363
27489143	2152	2157	local	T082	C0205276
27489143	2158	2167	resources	T078	C0035201
27489143	2173	2185	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	2186	2196	principles	T170	C0282574
27489143	2198	2203	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	2268	2277	resources	T078	C0035201
27489143	2279	2294	personalization	T033	C0243095
27489143	2300	2309	promotion	T058	C0018738
27489143	2313	2318	links	T169	C0205245
27489143	2331	2340	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27489143	2341	2350	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27489143	2356	2360	core	T082	C0444669
27489143	2361	2369	concepts	T078	C0178566
27489143	2374	2395	hand-drawn prototypes	T170	C0282574
27489143	2397	2402	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	2445	2449	time	T079	C0040223
27489143	2450	2453	use	T169	C0457083
27489143	2458	2476	work exit planning	T169	C1301732
27489143	2478	2503	personalized goal setting	T033	C0150598
27489143	2509	2519	acceptance	T055	C0000899
27489143	2525	2528	Web	T073	C0282111
27489143	2536	2548	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	2554	2560	design	T052	C1707689
27489143	2580	2588	features	T080	C1521970
27489143	2593	2600	modules	T077	C1709061
27489143	2611	2616	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	2621	2628	guiding	T170	C0220845
27489143	2633	2644	development	T169	C1527148
27489143	2648	2658	wireframes	T170	C3161035
27489143	2660	2666	module	T077	C1709061
27489143	2667	2674	content	T077	C0456205
27489143	2679	2692	functionality	T169	C0205245
27489143	2694	2709	virtual mentors	T098	C0025369
27489143	2715	2727	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	2728	2736	branding	T169	C0205245
27489143	2738	2743	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	2771	2778	process	T067	C1522240
27489143	2782	2794	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	2795	2802	testing	T169	C0039593
27489143	2807	2819	optimization	T052	C2698650
27489143	2821	2826	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	2841	2844	Web	T073	C0282111
27489143	2852	2864	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	2865	2874	prototype	T170	C0282574
27489143	2878	2882	LEAP	T170	C0282574
27489143	2884	2890	Living	T078	C0376558
27489143	2892	2898	Eating	T040	C0013470
27489143	2900	2908	Activity	T052	C0441655
27489143	2914	2922	Planning	T169	C1301732
27489143	2926	2936	retirement	T033	C0035345
27489143	2952	2957	stage	T079	C1306673
27489143	2966	2974	approach	T169	C1292724
27489143	2979	2987	resource	T078	C0035201
27489143	3013	3035	multidisciplinary team	T096	C0871489
27489143	3041	3047	design	T052	C1707689
27489143	3048	3054	expert	T097	C0009817
27489143	3102	3109	process	T067	C1522240
27489143	3115	3125	sequential	T080	C1705294
27489143	3126	3134	approach	T169	C1292724
27489143	3154	3172	methodological gap	T082	C3887622
27489143	3180	3190	literature	T170	C0023866
27489143	3207	3213	stages	T079	C1306673
27489143	3218	3228	techniques	T169	C0449851
27489143	3253	3261	evidence	T078	C3887511
27489143	3269	3276	complex	T080	C0439855
27489143	3277	3283	health	T078	C0018684
27489143	3284	3296	intervention	T058	C1273869
27489143	3302	3312	systematic	T169	C0220922
27489143	3317	3325	rigorous	T169	C0205245
27489143	3326	3337	integration	T169	C0205245
27489143	3341	3360	scientific evidence	T078	C3887511
27489143	3362	3368	expert	T097	C0009817
27489143	3369	3378	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27489143	3383	3393	experience	T041	C0596545
27489143	3399	3410	stakeholder	T098	C0027361
27489143	3411	3416	input	T077	C1708517
27489143	3436	3448	intervention	T058	C1273869

27489312|t|Transcriptome profiling of the green alga Spirogyra pratensis (Charophyta) suggests an ancestral
27489312|a|It is well known that ethylene regulates a diverse set of developmental and stress-related processes in angiosperms, yet its roles in early diverging embryophytes and algae are poorly understood. Recently, it was shown that ethylene functions as a hormone in the charophyte green alga Spirogyra pratensis. Since land plants evolved from Charophytes, this implies conservation of ethylene as a hormone in green plants for at least 450 million of years. However, the physiological role of ethylene in charophyte algae remained unknown. In order to gain insight into ethylene responses in Spirogyra, we used mRNA sequencing to measure changes in gene expression over time in Spirogyra filaments in response to an ethylene treatment. Our analyses show that at the transcriptional level, ethylene predominantly regulates three processes in Spirogyra: (1) modification of the cell wall matrix by expansins and xyloglucan endotransglucosylases / hydrolases, (2) down-regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthesis and (3) activation of abiotic stress responses. We confirmed that the photosynthetic capacity and chlorophyll content was reduced by an ethylene treatment and that several abiotic stress conditions could stimulate cell elongation in an ethylene -dependent manner. We also found that the Spirogyra transcriptome only harbors 10 ethylene responsive transcription factor (ERF) homologs, several of which are regulated by ethylene. These results provide an initial understanding of the hormonal responses induced by ethylene in Spirogyra, and help to reconstruct the role of ethylene in ancestral charophytes prior to the origin of land plants.
27489312	0	23	Transcriptome profiling	T059,T063	C0752248
27489312	31	41	green alga	T002	C0002032
27489312	42	61	Spirogyra pratensis	T002	C1648406
27489312	63	73	Charophyta	T002	C2936297
27489312	119	127	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
27489312	155	168	developmental	T042	C1511806
27489312	173	197	stress-related processes	T049	C1516360
27489312	201	212	angiosperms	T002	C0330208
27489312	247	259	embryophytes	T002	C1562025
27489312	264	269	algae	T204	C0002028
27489312	321	329	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
27489312	345	352	hormone	T125	C0019932
27489312	360	370	charophyte	T002	C1671906
27489312	371	381	green alga	T002	C0002032
27489312	382	401	Spirogyra pratensis	T002	C1648406
27489312	409	420	land plants	T002	C1562025
27489312	421	428	evolved	T169	C0332253
27489312	434	445	Charophytes	T002	C1671906
27489312	460	472	conservation	T080	C2347858
27489312	476	484	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
27489312	490	497	hormone	T125	C0019932
27489312	501	513	green plants	T002	C2936299
27489312	562	575	physiological	T169	C0205463
27489312	584	592	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
27489312	596	606	charophyte	T002	C1671906
27489312	607	612	algae	T204	C0002028
27489312	661	679	ethylene responses	T043	C1154566
27489312	683	692	Spirogyra	T002	C0524481
27489312	702	706	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27489312	707	717	sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
27489312	721	728	measure	T081	C0079809
27489312	729	736	changes	T169	C0392747
27489312	740	755	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27489312	769	778	Spirogyra	T002	C0524481
27489312	779	788	filaments	T026	C0243092
27489312	792	815	response to an ethylene	T043	C1154566
27489312	816	825	treatment	T169	C1522326
27489312	831	839	analyses	T169	C1524024
27489312	857	872	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27489312	873	878	level	T080	C0441889
27489312	880	888	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
27489312	903	912	regulates	T033	C0243095
27489312	932	941	Spirogyra	T002	C0524481
27489312	947	959	modification	T033	C3840684
27489312	967	983	cell wall matrix	T026	C0918262
27489312	987	996	expansins	T116,T123	C0381929
27489312	1001	1033	xyloglucan endotransglucosylases	T116,T126	C1175650
27489312	1036	1046	hydrolases	T116,T126	C0020289
27489312	1052	1067	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
27489312	1071	1095	chlorophyll biosynthesis	T044	C1157254
27489312	1100	1114	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
27489312	1123	1133	activation	T052	C1879547
27489312	1137	1161	abiotic stress responses	T040	C2611805
27489312	1185	1199	photosynthetic	T070	C0031764
27489312	1200	1208	capacity	T081	C1516240
27489312	1213	1224	chlorophyll	T109,T123	C0008260
27489312	1225	1232	content	T081	C0392762
27489312	1237	1244	reduced	T080	C0392756
27489312	1251	1259	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
27489312	1260	1269	treatment	T169	C1522326
27489312	1287	1312	abiotic stress conditions	T043	C2754416
27489312	1319	1328	stimulate	T061	C1292856
27489312	1329	1344	cell elongation	T043	C1749904
27489312	1351	1359	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
27489312	1402	1411	Spirogyra	T002	C0524481
27489312	1412	1425	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27489312	1442	1482	ethylene responsive transcription factor	T028	C1333360
27489312	1484	1487	ERF	T028	C1333360
27489312	1489	1497	homologs	T028	C1334043
27489312	1533	1541	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
27489312	1597	1605	hormonal	T080	C0458083
27489312	1606	1615	responses	T032	C0871261
27489312	1627	1635	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
27489312	1639	1648	Spirogyra	T002	C0524481
27489312	1686	1694	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
27489312	1708	1719	charophytes	T002	C1671906
27489312	1743	1754	land plants	T002	C1562025

27489603|t|Simultaneous thrombosis of multiple coronary arteries in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
27489603|a|We present a case of simultaneous coronary thrombosis of the left main, the left anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery in a patient, recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.
27489603	0	12	Simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27489603	13	23	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27489603	27	53	multiple coronary arteries	T023	C0205042
27489603	59	66	patient	T101	C0030705
27489603	72	92	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27489603	106	110	case	T169	C0868928
27489603	114	126	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27489603	127	163	coronary thrombosis of the left main	T047	C0264689
27489603	169	200	left anterior descending artery	T023	C0226032
27489603	209	230	right coronary artery	T023	C0226042
27489603	236	243	patient	T101	C0030705
27489603	254	263	diagnosed	T060	C0430022
27489603	269	289	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873

27489713|t|Mediastinal mass diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound as recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in a post - liver transplantation patient
27489713|a|We presented a rare case of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplant manifested as an isolated mediastinal mass. A 62- year - old man was referred for evaluation of atypical chest pain and abnormal finding of a computed tomography of the chest. He had history of chronic hepatitis C liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma underwent orthotopic liver transplant as a curative treatment three years earlier. The computed tomography of the chest demonstrated paratracheal mediastinal lymphadenopathy. He subsequently underwent endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). The right paratracheal lymph node station 4R was sampled. Rapid on-site cytology evaluation demonstrated recurrent metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Pulmonologist should be cognizant of diagnostic utility of EBUS-TBNA in this clinical setting as more transplant patients on immunosuppressive medications with enlarged mediastinal lymphadenopathy of unknown origin will be referred for further evaluation.
27489713	0	16	Mediastinal mass	T033	C0240318
27489713	17	26	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27489713	30	54	endobronchial ultrasound	T060	C3160856
27489713	58	92	recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C0861876
27489713	98	102	post	T079	C0687676
27489713	105	126	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911
27489713	127	134	patient	T101	C0030705
27489713	155	159	case	T169	C0868928
27489713	163	197	recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C0861876
27489713	204	220	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
27489713	221	231	manifested	T169	C0205319
27489713	238	246	isolated	T169	C0205409
27489713	247	263	mediastinal mass	T033	C0240318
27489713	271	275	year	T079	C0439234
27489713	278	285	old man	T098	C0025266
27489713	317	336	atypical chest pain	T184	C0262384
27489713	341	357	abnormal finding	T033	C2826279
27489713	363	395	computed tomography of the chest	T060	C0202823
27489713	404	411	history	T033	C0262926
27489713	415	450	chronic hepatitis C liver cirrhosis	T047	C3662136
27489713	455	479	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27489713	490	517	orthotopic liver transplant	T061	C0400447
27489713	523	541	curative treatment	T033	C1273390
27489713	542	553	three years	T079	C0439234
27489713	554	561	earlier	T079	C1279919
27489713	567	599	computed tomography of the chest	T060	C0202823
27489713	613	653	paratracheal mediastinal lymphadenopathy	T033	C2073580
27489713	658	670	subsequently	T079	C0332282
27489713	681	743	endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration	T060	C1883418
27489713	745	754	EBUS-TBNA	T060	C1883418
27489713	761	801	right paratracheal lymph node station 4R	T023	C1268051
27489713	829	848	cytology evaluation	T169	C0332141
27489713	862	871	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27489713	872	907	metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C0744869
27489713	909	922	Pulmonologist	T097	C0586859
27489713	933	942	cognizant	T080	C0205556
27489713	946	956	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27489713	968	977	EBUS-TBNA	T060	C1883418
27489713	986	1002	clinical setting	T082	C3176918
27489713	1011	1021	transplant	T033	C3841811
27489713	1022	1030	patients	T101	C0030705
27489713	1034	1063	immunosuppressive medications	T121,T129	C0021081
27489713	1078	1105	mediastinal lymphadenopathy	T047	C0520743
27489713	1109	1116	unknown	T080	C0439673
27489713	1117	1123	origin	T079	C0439659
27489713	1132	1140	referred	T169	C0205543
27489713	1145	1152	further	T082	C1517331

27489735|t|Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors: Irrational use in Saudi Arabia
27489735|a|To identify the criteria of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) users and to analyse the knowledge, attitude, and practices of PDE5i use amongst Saudi men. A web - based, cross-sectional survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia between January and April 2015. Sexually active adult men were interviewed using a website questionnaire designed by the authors. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. In all, 1008 men participated in the survey with 378 (37.5%) reporting use of PDE5i. Of those using PDE5i, 144 (38.1%) reported erectile dysfunction and 234 (61.9%) reported normal erection (recreational users). We found several demographic features, including high education level, health field occupation, high income, smoking, and increased frequency of sexual intercourse amongst the PDE5i users. Most of the PDE5i users (92.3%) had knowledge about PDE5i and 84.1% of them bought it without medical prescription. The most commonly used PDE5i was tadalafil (46.1%) and most of the users (79.9%) reported improvement in their sexual activity after PDE5i usage. Amongst the recreational users, the main reasons for PDE5i usage were curiosity (38.5%) and improving self-confidence (25.6%). Of them, 69.2% reported benefits from PDE5i usage, mainly in the form of enhancement of erection (36.7%) and increasing erection duration (31.2%). PDE5i use appears to be frequent in Saudi Arabia. Most of the users had knowledge about PDE5i and claimed to get benefits from it, even if used as a recreational drug.
27489735	0	35	Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors	T121	C1318700
27489735	37	47	Irrational	T033	C0542058
27489735	48	51	use	T169	C0457083
27489735	55	67	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
27489735	71	79	identify	T041	C0020792
27489735	84	92	criteria	T078	C0243161
27489735	96	130	phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor	T121	C1318700
27489735	132	137	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	139	144	users	T098	C1706077
27489735	152	159	analyse	T062	C0936012
27489735	164	173	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27489735	175	183	attitude	T041	C0004271
27489735	189	198	practices	T041	C0237607
27489735	202	207	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	208	211	use	T169	C0457083
27489735	220	229	Saudi men	T081	C0032659
27489735	233	236	web	T073	C0282111
27489735	239	244	based	T169	C1527178
27489735	246	268	cross-sectional survey	T062	C0010362
27489735	286	298	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
27489735	307	314	January	T080	C3829466
27489735	319	324	April	T079	C3715024
27489735	331	346	Sexually active	T033	C0241028
27489735	347	352	adult	T100	C0001675
27489735	353	356	men	T098	C0025266
27489735	362	373	interviewed	T052	C0021822
27489735	374	379	using	T169	C0457083
27489735	382	389	website	T170	C2349146
27489735	390	403	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27489735	420	427	authors	T097	C3812881
27489735	429	451	Descriptive statistics	T090	C0038215
27489735	457	461	used	T169	C0457083
27489735	465	472	analyse	T062	C0936012
27489735	477	481	data	T078	C1511726
27489735	496	499	men	T098	C0025266
27489735	500	512	participated	T169	C0679823
27489735	520	526	survey	T170	C0038951
27489735	544	553	reporting	T058	C0700287
27489735	554	557	use	T169	C0457083
27489735	561	566	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	577	582	using	T169	C0457083
27489735	583	588	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	602	610	reported	T058	C0700287
27489735	611	631	erectile dysfunction	T047	C0242350
27489735	648	656	reported	T058	C0700287
27489735	657	663	normal	T080	C0205307
27489735	664	672	erection	T042	C0030847
27489735	674	686	recreational	T131	C0242508
27489735	687	692	users	T098	C1706077
27489735	712	732	demographic features	T102	C0683970
27489735	744	764	high education level	T033	C1553770
27489735	766	789	health field occupation	T091	C0018722
27489735	791	802	high income	T033	C0948433
27489735	804	811	smoking	T055	C0037369
27489735	817	826	increased	T081	C0205217
27489735	827	836	frequency	T079	C0439603
27489735	840	858	sexual intercourse	T040	C0009253
27489735	871	876	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	877	882	users	T098	C1706077
27489735	896	901	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	902	907	users	T098	C1706077
27489735	920	929	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27489735	936	941	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	978	998	medical prescription	T170	C2736249
27489735	1018	1022	used	T169	C0457083
27489735	1023	1028	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	1033	1042	tadalafil	T109,T121	C1176316
27489735	1067	1072	users	T098	C1706077
27489735	1081	1089	reported	T058	C0700287
27489735	1090	1101	improvement	T077	C2986411
27489735	1111	1126	sexual activity	T053	C0036864
27489735	1133	1138	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	1139	1144	usage	T169	C0457083
27489735	1158	1170	recreational	T041	C0679105
27489735	1171	1176	users	T098	C1706077
27489735	1187	1194	reasons	T033	C0566251
27489735	1199	1204	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	1205	1210	usage	T169	C0457083
27489735	1216	1225	curiosity	T055	C0010472
27489735	1238	1247	improving	T077	C2986411
27489735	1248	1263	self-confidence	T041	C0237529
27489735	1288	1296	reported	T058	C0700287
27489735	1297	1305	benefits	T081	C0814225
27489735	1311	1316	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	1317	1322	usage	T169	C0457083
27489735	1346	1357	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27489735	1361	1369	erection	T042	C0030847
27489735	1382	1392	increasing	T169	C0442808
27489735	1393	1410	erection duration	T033	C0429828
27489735	1420	1425	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	1426	1429	use	T169	C0457083
27489735	1444	1452	frequent	T079	C0332183
27489735	1456	1468	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
27489735	1482	1487	users	T098	C1706077
27489735	1492	1501	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27489735	1508	1513	PDE5i	T121	C1318700
27489735	1533	1541	benefits	T081	C0814225
27489735	1559	1563	used	T169	C0457083
27489735	1569	1586	recreational drug	T131	C0242508

27490343|t|Microarray-Based Analysis of Methylation of 1st Trimester Trisomic Placentas from Down Syndrome, Edwards Syndrome and Patau Syndrome
27490343|a|Methylation -based non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal aneuploidies is an alternative method that could possibly improve fetal aneuploidy diagnosis, especially for trisomy 13(T13) and trisomy 18(T18). Our aim was to study the methylation landscape in placenta DNA from trisomy 13, 18 and 21 pregnancies in an attempt to find trisomy -specific methylation differences better suited for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. We have conducted high-resolution methylation specific bead chip microarray analyses assessing more than 450,000 CpGs analyzing placentas from 12 T21 pregnancies, 12 T18 pregnancies and 6 T13 pregnancies. We have compared the methylation landscape of the trisomic placentas to the methylation landscape from normal placental DNA and to maternal blood cell DNA. Comparing trisomic placentas to normal placentas we identified 217 and 219 differentially methylated CpGs for CVS T18 and CVS T13, respectively (delta β>0.2, FDR<0.05), but only three differentially methylated CpGs for T21. However, the methylation differences was only modest (delta β<0.4), making them less suitable as diagnostic markers. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the gene set connected to the T18 differentially methylated CpGs was highly enriched for GO terms related to" DNA binding " and " transcription factor binding " coupled to the RNA polymerase II transcription. In the gene set connected to the T13 differentially methylated CpGs we found no significant enrichments.
27490343	0	25	Microarray-Based Analysis	T059	C1449575
27490343	29	40	Methylation	T044	C0025723
27490343	44	57	1st Trimester	T079	C0032979
27490343	58	76	Trisomic Placentas	T018	C0032043
27490343	82	95	Down Syndrome	T047	C0013080
27490343	97	132	Edwards Syndrome and Patau Syndrome	T047	C0495645
27490343	133	144	Methylation	T044	C0025723
27490343	152	203	non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal aneuploidies	T170	C3656117
27490343	210	221	alternative	T077	C1523987
27490343	222	228	method	T059	C0871511
27490343	249	256	improve	T033	C0184511
27490343	257	335	fetal aneuploidy diagnosis, especially for trisomy 13(T13) and trisomy 18(T18)	T059	C4034670
27490343	341	344	aim	T078	C1947946
27490343	352	357	study	T062	C2603343
27490343	362	373	methylation	T044	C0025723
27490343	374	383	landscape	T082	C0870781
27490343	387	395	placenta	T018	C0032043
27490343	396	399	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27490343	405	426	trisomy 13, 18 and 21	T049	C3869535
27490343	427	438	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27490343	461	468	trisomy	T049	C0041107
27490343	479	490	methylation	T044	C0025723
27490343	491	502	differences	T080	C1705242
27490343	521	533	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27490343	534	552	prenatal diagnosis	T058	C1456692
27490343	572	587	high-resolution	T059	C1719039
27490343	588	599	methylation	T044	C0025723
27490343	609	638	bead chip microarray analyses	T059	C1449575
27490343	639	648	assessing	T052	C1516048
27490343	667	671	CpGs	T114,T123	C0282523
27490343	682	691	placentas	T018	C0032043
27490343	700	703	T21	T049	C3537167
27490343	704	715	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27490343	720	723	T18	T049	C3537048
27490343	724	735	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27490343	742	745	T13	T049	C2936830
27490343	746	757	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27490343	780	791	methylation	T044	C0025723
27490343	792	801	landscape	T082	C0870781
27490343	809	827	trisomic placentas	T018	C0032043
27490343	835	846	methylation	T044	C0025723
27490343	847	856	landscape	T082	C0870781
27490343	862	868	normal	T080	C0205307
27490343	869	878	placental	T018	C0032043
27490343	879	882	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27490343	890	898	maternal	T033	C1858460
27490343	899	909	blood cell	T025	C0005773
27490343	910	913	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27490343	925	943	trisomic placentas	T018	C0032043
27490343	947	953	normal	T080	C0205307
27490343	954	963	placentas	T018	C0032043
27490343	990	1004	differentially	T080	C0443199
27490343	1005	1015	methylated	T044	C0025723
27490343	1016	1020	CpGs	T114,T123	C0282523
27490343	1025	1028	CVS	T060	C0008509
27490343	1029	1032	T18	T049	C3537048
27490343	1037	1040	CVS	T060	C0008509
27490343	1041	1044	T13	T049	C2936830
27490343	1099	1113	differentially	T080	C0443199
27490343	1114	1124	methylated	T044	C0025723
27490343	1125	1129	CpGs	T114,T123	C0282523
27490343	1134	1137	T21	T049	C3537167
27490343	1152	1163	methylation	T044	C0025723
27490343	1164	1175	differences	T080	C1705242
27490343	1236	1254	diagnostic markers	T201	C1511876
27490343	1256	1269	Gene ontology	T170	C1138831
27490343	1270	1280	enrichment	T081	C4086355
27490343	1281	1289	analysis	T062	C0936012
27490343	1290	1298	revealed	T080	C0443289
27490343	1308	1316	gene set	T028	C0017337
27490343	1317	1326	connected	T052	C2986575
27490343	1334	1337	T18	T049	C3537048
27490343	1338	1352	differentially	T080	C0443199
27490343	1353	1363	methylated	T044	C0025723
27490343	1364	1368	CpGs	T114,T123	C0282523
27490343	1373	1379	highly	T080	C0205250
27490343	1393	1395	GO	T170	C1138831
27490343	1414	1425	DNA binding	T045	C1148673
27490343	1434	1462	transcription factor binding	T045	C1149367
27490343	1465	1472	coupled	T169	C1948027
27490343	1480	1497	RNA polymerase II	T116,T126	C0035679
27490343	1498	1511	transcription	T045	C0040649
27490343	1520	1528	gene set	T028	C0017337
27490343	1529	1538	connected	T052	C2986575
27490343	1546	1549	T13	T049	C2936830
27490343	1550	1564	differentially	T080	C0443199
27490343	1565	1575	methylated	T044	C0025723
27490343	1576	1580	CpGs	T114,T123	C0282523
27490343	1590	1604	no significant	T033	C1273937
27490343	1605	1616	enrichments	T081	C4086355

27490448|t|Assessment of Early Treatment Response With DWI After CT -Guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Functioning Adrenal Adenomas
27490448|a|The objective of this study was to establish the suitability of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as a parameter for evaluating early treatment response after percutaneous ablation of functional adrenal adenomas. Seventeen adult patients with functioning adrenal adenomas underwent radiofrequency ablation. Serum hormone levels were analyzed before and up to 6 months after ablation. MRI findings (nodule size in cm, signal intensity index, ADC maps, and nodule-to-muscle ADC ratio) were analyzed before and up to 30 days after ablation. A consensus review of all scans was performed by two attending abdominal imaging radiologists. The procedure was considered successful if serum hormone levels normalized and no contrast enhancement of the adrenal lesion was seen on follow-up MRI. Of 17 patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation, complete response was achieved in 16 patients with partial response in one patient. Of the four parameters of interest, only ADC maps and nodule-to-muscle ADC ratio showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). This prospective study suggests that apparent diffusion coefficient values may help radiologists monitor early treatment response after CT -guided radiofrequency ablation of functioning adrenal adenomas.
27490448	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27490448	14	19	Early	T079	C1279919
27490448	20	38	Treatment Response	T201	C0521982
27490448	44	47	DWI	T060	C0598801
27490448	54	56	CT	T060	C0040405
27490448	65	88	Radiofrequency Ablation	T061	C0850292
27490448	92	103	Functioning	T169	C0205245
27490448	104	120	Adrenal Adenomas	T191	C0206667
27490448	143	148	study	T062	C2603343
27490448	189	219	apparent diffusion coefficient	T077	C3890194
27490448	221	224	ADC	T077	C3890194
27490448	231	240	parameter	T077	C0549193
27490448	256	261	early	T079	C1279919
27490448	262	280	treatment response	T201	C0521982
27490448	287	299	percutaneous	T082	C0522523
27490448	300	308	ablation	T061	C0547070
27490448	312	322	functional	T169	C0205245
27490448	323	339	adrenal adenomas	T191	C0206667
27490448	351	356	adult	T100	C0001675
27490448	357	365	patients	T101	C0030705
27490448	383	399	adrenal adenomas	T191	C0206667
27490448	410	433	radiofrequency ablation	T061	C0850292
27490448	435	440	Serum	T031	C0229671
27490448	441	448	hormone	T125	C0019932
27490448	449	455	levels	T080	C0441889
27490448	461	469	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27490448	489	495	months	T079	C0439231
27490448	502	510	ablation	T061	C0547070
27490448	512	515	MRI	T060	C0024485
27490448	516	524	findings	T033	C0243095
27490448	526	537	nodule size	T082	C0449457
27490448	545	567	signal intensity index	T081	C0392762
27490448	569	572	ADC	T077	C3890194
27490448	573	577	maps	T082	C1254362
27490448	583	609	nodule-to-muscle ADC ratio	T081	C0392762
27490448	616	624	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27490448	645	649	days	T079	C0439228
27490448	656	664	ablation	T061	C0547070
27490448	668	684	consensus review	T078	C1552617
27490448	692	697	scans	T060	C0441633
27490448	729	759	abdominal imaging radiologists	T097	C0260194
27490448	804	809	serum	T031	C0229671
27490448	810	817	hormone	T125	C0019932
27490448	818	824	levels	T080	C0441889
27490448	825	835	normalized	T062	C1882115
27490448	840	842	no	T033	C1513916
27490448	843	851	contrast	T080	C1979874
27490448	852	863	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27490448	871	878	adrenal	T023	C0001625
27490448	879	885	lesion	T033	C0221198
27490448	898	907	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27490448	908	911	MRI	T060	C0024485
27490448	919	927	patients	T101	C0030705
27490448	942	965	radiofrequency ablation	T061	C0850292
27490448	967	984	complete response	T033	C4050094
27490448	1004	1012	patients	T101	C0030705
27490448	1018	1034	partial response	T033	C1521726
27490448	1042	1049	patient	T101	C0030705
27490448	1063	1073	parameters	T077	C0549193
27490448	1092	1095	ADC	T077	C3890194
27490448	1096	1100	maps	T082	C1254362
27490448	1105	1131	nodule-to-muscle ADC ratio	T081	C0392762
27490448	1139	1164	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27490448	1165	1176	differences	T081	C1705241
27490448	1194	1211	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27490448	1226	1256	apparent diffusion coefficient	T077	C3890194
27490448	1273	1285	radiologists	T097	C0260194
27490448	1286	1293	monitor	T058	C0030695
27490448	1294	1299	early	T079	C1279919
27490448	1300	1318	treatment response	T201	C0521982
27490448	1325	1327	CT	T060	C0040405
27490448	1336	1359	radiofrequency ablation	T061	C0850292
27490448	1375	1391	adrenal adenomas	T191	C0206667

27490927|t|TLR and NLRP3 inflammasome - dependent innate immune responses to tumor-derived autophagosomes (DRibbles)
27490927|a|Autophagosomes derived from tumor cells, also referred to as defective ribosomal products in blebs (DRibbles), have been previously shown to stimulate potent T-cell responses and mediate tumor regression when used as therapeutic cancer vaccines in multiple preclinical cancer models. In this report, we investigated the underlining mechanisms by which DRibbles induced T-cell activation, particularly how DRibbles activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We found that DRibbles could induce a rapid differentiation of monocytes and DC precursor (pre-DC) cells into functional APCs. DRibbles triggered innate receptor signaling via Toll-like Receptors (TLR)-2, TLR4, TLR7, TLR8, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2), but not TLR3, TLR5, or TLR9. DRibbles induced PBMCs to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-1β. DRibbles induced IL-1β release from PBMC or THP-1 cells without LPS priming, but required the core machinery of NLRP3 inflammasomes. Active endocytosis was required for inflammasome activation and cross presentation, and blocking endosome acidification or the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway resulted in opposite effects on these two processes. Our data show that DRibbles could induce strong innate immune responses via multiple pattern recognition receptors, and explain why DRibbles could function as excellent antigen carriers to induce adaptive immune responses to both tumor cells and viruses. In contrast to the well-established inhibitory effect of autophagy on the inflammasome activation of APCs, our study demonstrates that isolated autophagosomes (DRibbles) from antigen donor cells activate inflammasomes by providing first and second signals required for IL-1β production by PMBC.
27490927	0	3	TLR	T116,T192	C0670896
27490927	8	13	NLRP3	T116,T123	C1384660
27490927	14	26	inflammasome	T116,T123	C2936529
27490927	29	38	dependent	T080	C0851827
27490927	39	62	innate immune responses	T032	C0020969
27490927	66	79	tumor-derived	T169	C1519667
27490927	80	94	autophagosomes	T026	C3887595
27490927	96	104	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	106	120	Autophagosomes	T026	C3887595
27490927	121	128	derived	T080	C1441547
27490927	134	145	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27490927	167	195	defective ribosomal products	T026	C3887595
27490927	199	204	blebs	T046	C0005758
27490927	206	214	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	247	256	stimulate	T169	C0205245
27490927	264	270	T-cell	T025	C0039194
27490927	271	280	responses	T043	C0007613
27490927	293	309	tumor regression	T201	C1718423
27490927	323	334	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27490927	335	350	cancer vaccines	T116,T121,T129	C0376659
27490927	354	362	multiple	T081	C0439064
27490927	363	374	preclinical	T080	C1709630
27490927	375	388	cancer models	T050	C1516211
27490927	398	404	report	T170	C0684224
27490927	409	421	investigated	T169	C1292732
27490927	438	448	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27490927	458	466	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	467	474	induced	T169	C0205263
27490927	475	492	T-cell activation	T043	C1155065
27490927	511	519	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	520	529	activated	T043	C1326120
27490927	530	554	antigen-presenting cells	T025	C0003315
27490927	556	560	APCs	T025	C0003315
27490927	577	585	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	592	598	induce	T169	C0205263
27490927	607	622	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27490927	626	635	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27490927	640	667	DC precursor (pre-DC) cells	T025	C0003315
27490927	673	683	functional	T169	C0205245
27490927	684	688	APCs	T025	C0003315
27490927	690	698	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	699	708	triggered	T080	C1444748
27490927	709	734	innate receptor signaling	T044	C1514762
27490927	739	766	Toll-like Receptors (TLR)-2	T116,T192	C0754728
27490927	768	772	TLR4	T116,T192	C1411976
27490927	774	778	TLR7	T116,T129,T192	C1579758
27490927	780	784	TLR8	T116,T192	C1579755
27490927	790	852	nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2	T116	C2698508
27490927	854	858	NOD2	T116	C2698508
27490927	869	873	TLR3	T116,T192	C1534866
27490927	875	879	TLR5	T116,T192	C0966553
27490927	884	888	TLR9	T116,T129,T192	C0963057
27490927	890	898	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	899	906	induced	T169	C0205263
27490927	907	912	PBMCs	T025	C1321301
27490927	924	950	pro-inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27490927	960	964	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27490927	966	971	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27490927	973	978	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27490927	984	989	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27490927	991	999	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	1000	1007	induced	T169	C0205263
27490927	1008	1013	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27490927	1014	1021	release	T169	C1283071
27490927	1027	1031	PBMC	T025	C1321301
27490927	1035	1046	THP-1 cells	T025	C0682523
27490927	1055	1058	LPS	T109	C0023810
27490927	1059	1066	priming	T169	C0871133
27490927	1085	1089	core	T082	C0444669
27490927	1090	1099	machinery	T080	C0205556
27490927	1103	1122	NLRP3 inflammasomes	T026	C3156614
27490927	1124	1130	Active	T169	C0205177
27490927	1131	1142	endocytosis	T043	C0014139
27490927	1160	1183	inflammasome activation	T044	C3272080
27490927	1188	1206	cross presentation	T043	C1257986
27490927	1212	1220	blocking	T169	C0332206
27490927	1221	1229	endosome	T026	C0034850
27490927	1230	1243	acidification	T043	C1522821
27490927	1251	1291	ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway	T043	C4235027
27490927	1313	1320	effects	T080	C1280500
27490927	1334	1343	processes	T067	C1522240
27490927	1349	1353	data	T078	C1511726
27490927	1364	1372	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	1379	1385	induce	T169	C0205263
27490927	1393	1416	innate immune responses	T032	C0020969
27490927	1421	1429	multiple	T081	C0439064
27490927	1430	1459	pattern recognition receptors	T116,T129,T192	C1564907
27490927	1477	1485	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	1492	1500	function	T169	C0542341
27490927	1514	1521	antigen	T129	C0003320
27490927	1522	1530	carriers	T169	C0205245
27490927	1534	1540	induce	T169	C0205263
27490927	1541	1566	adaptive immune responses	T043	C1155229
27490927	1575	1586	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27490927	1591	1598	viruses	T005	C0042776
27490927	1636	1653	inhibitory effect	T043	C0007613
27490927	1657	1666	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27490927	1674	1697	inflammasome activation	T044	C3272080
27490927	1701	1705	APCs	T025	C0003315
27490927	1711	1716	study	T062	C2603343
27490927	1735	1743	isolated	T169	C0205409
27490927	1744	1758	autophagosomes	T026	C3887595
27490927	1760	1768	DRibbles	T026	C3887595
27490927	1775	1782	antigen	T129	C0003320
27490927	1783	1794	donor cells	T025	C0007634
27490927	1795	1817	activate inflammasomes	T044	C3272080
27490927	1831	1836	first	T081	C0205435
27490927	1841	1847	second	T081	C0205436
27490927	1848	1855	signals	T067	C1710082
27490927	1869	1874	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27490927	1875	1885	production	T169	C0205245
27490927	1889	1893	PMBC	T025	C1321301

27491394|t|Self-assembled half-sandwich polyhedral cages via flexible Schiff-base ligands: an unusual macrocycle -to- cage conversion
27491394|a|An edge -directed strategy was adopted to construct highly ordered polyhedral structures using flexible functions. Half-sandwich M6(L1)4 octahedral and M8(L2)4 cubic cages have been assembled by flexible Schiff-base ligands upon coordination to Cp*Rh(iii) organometallic acceptors. In particular, the rearrangement from a Rh(iii) -based half-sandwich M2(HL1)2 macrocycle to M6(L1)4 cage was found to occur in a solution.
27491394	0	14	Self-assembled	T044	C0872376
27491394	15	28	half-sandwich	T104	C1254350
27491394	29	39	polyhedral	T082	C1182673
27491394	40	45	cages	T109	C0599723
27491394	50	58	flexible	T080	C0443220
27491394	59	78	Schiff-base ligands	T109	C0036311
27491394	91	101	macrocycle	T109	C1449665
27491394	107	111	cage	T109	C0599723
27491394	112	122	conversion	T169	C0439836
27491394	126	130	edge	T082	C0205154
27491394	175	189	highly ordered	T080	C1705176
27491394	190	211	polyhedral structures	T082	C1182673
27491394	218	226	flexible	T080	C0443220
27491394	227	236	functions	T169	C0205245
27491394	238	251	Half-sandwich	T104	C1254350
27491394	252	259	M6(L1)4	T109	C0029224
27491394	260	270	octahedral	T082	C1254362
27491394	275	282	M8(L2)4	T109	C0029224
27491394	283	288	cubic	T082	C1880194
27491394	289	294	cages	T109	C0599723
27491394	305	314	assembled	T044	C0872376
27491394	318	326	flexible	T080	C0443220
27491394	327	346	Schiff-base ligands	T109	C0036311
27491394	368	403	Cp*Rh(iii) organometallic acceptors	T109	C0029252
27491394	424	437	rearrangement	T067	C0596965
27491394	445	452	Rh(iii)	T196	C0035493
27491394	460	473	half-sandwich	T104	C1254350
27491394	474	482	M2(HL1)2	T109	C0029224
27491394	483	493	macrocycle	T109	C1449665
27491394	497	504	M6(L1)4	T109	C0029224
27491394	505	509	cage	T109	C0599723
27491394	534	542	solution	T167	C0037633

27491687|t|Neonatal infections: Case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data
27491687|a|Maternal vaccination is an important area of research and requires appropriate and internationally comparable definitions and safety standards. The GAIA group, part of the Brighton Collaboration was created with the mandate of proposing standardised definitions applicable to maternal vaccine research. This study proposes international definitions for neonatal infections. The neonatal infections GAIA working group performed a literature review using Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane collaboration and collected definitions in use in neonatal and public health networks. The common criteria derived from the extensive search formed the basis for a consensus process that resulted in three separate definitions for neonatal blood stream infections (BSI), meningitis and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). For each definition three levels of evidence are proposed to ensure the applicability of the definitions to different settings. Recommendations about data collection, analysis and presentation are presented and harmonized with the Brighton Collaboration and GAIA format and other existing international standards for study reporting.
27491687	0	19	Neonatal infections	T047	C0854706
27491687	21	36	Case definition	T170	C1704788
27491687	41	51	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27491687	56	71	data collection	T062	C0010995
27491687	73	81	analysis	T062	C0936012
27491687	87	99	presentation	T078	C0449450
27491687	103	115	immunisation	T061	C0020971
27491687	116	127	safety data	T078	C1511726
27491687	128	136	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27491687	137	148	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27491687	173	181	research	T062	C0035168
27491687	238	249	definitions	T170	C1704788
27491687	254	270	safety standards	T170	C2828392
27491687	276	286	GAIA group	T097	C1522486
27491687	300	322	Brighton Collaboration	T097	C1522486
27491687	378	389	definitions	T170	C1704788
27491687	404	412	maternal	T033	C1858460
27491687	413	420	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27491687	421	429	research	T062	C0035168
27491687	436	441	study	T062	C2603343
27491687	465	476	definitions	T170	C1704788
27491687	481	500	neonatal infections	T047	C0854706
27491687	506	525	neonatal infections	T047	C0854706
27491687	526	530	GAIA	T097	C1522486
27491687	531	544	working group	T098	C1883562
27491687	557	567	literature	T170	C0023866
27491687	568	574	review	T169	C0565989
27491687	581	588	Medline	T170	C0025141
27491687	590	596	EMBASE	T170	C0242356
27491687	605	627	Cochrane collaboration	T169	C1882071
27491687	642	653	definitions	T170	C1704788
27491687	664	672	neonatal	T169	C1882071
27491687	677	699	public health networks	T169	C1882071
27491687	712	720	criteria	T078	C0243161
27491687	721	728	derived	T080	C1441547
27491687	778	795	consensus process	T054	C0376298
27491687	828	839	definitions	T170	C1704788
27491687	844	852	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27491687	853	876	blood stream infections	T046	C2316160
27491687	878	881	BSI	T046	C2316160
27491687	884	894	meningitis	T047	C0025289
27491687	899	933	lower respiratory tract infections	T047	C0149725
27491687	935	939	LRTI	T047	C0149725
27491687	951	961	definition	T170	C1704788
27491687	1035	1046	definitions	T170	C1704788
27491687	1092	1107	data collection	T062	C0010995
27491687	1109	1117	analysis	T062	C0936012
27491687	1122	1134	presentation	T078	C0449450
27491687	1153	1163	harmonized	T062	C0150103
27491687	1173	1195	Brighton Collaboration	T097	C1522486
27491687	1200	1204	GAIA	T097	C1522486
27491687	1205	1211	format	T170	C1301627
27491687	1231	1254	international standards	T170	C2828392
27491687	1259	1264	study	T062	C2603343
27491687	1265	1274	reporting	T062	C0011000

27491778|t|Beneficial effects of dark chocolate on exercise capacity in sedentary subjects: underlying mechanisms. A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial
27491778|a|In heart failure patients the consumption of (-)-epicatechin ((-)-Epi)-rich cocoa can restore skeletal muscle (SkM) mitochondrial structure and decrease biomarkers of oxidative stress. However, nothing is known about its effects on exercise capacity and underlying mechanisms in normal, sedentary subjects. Twenty normal, sedentary subjects (∼50 years old) were randomized to placebo or dark chocolate (DC) groups and consumed 20 g of the products for 3 months. Subjects underwent before and after treatment, bicycle ergometry to assess VO2 max and work, SkM biopsy to assess changes in mitochondrial density, function and oxidative stress and blood sampling to assess metabolic endpoints. Seventeen subjects completed the trial. In the DC group (n = 9), VO2 max increased (17% increase, p = 0.056) as well as maximum work (watts) achieved (p = 0.026) with no changes with placebo (n = 8). The DC group evidenced increases in HDL levels (p = 0.005) and decreased triglycerides (p = 0.07). With DC, SkM evidenced significant increases in protein levels for LKB1, AMPK and PGC1α and in their active forms (phosphorylated AMPK and LKB1) as well as in citrate synthase activity while no changes were observed in mitochondrial density. With DC, significant increases in SkM reduced glutathione levels and decreases in protein carbonylation were observed. Improvements in maximum work achieved and VO2 max may be due to DC activation of upstream control systems and enhancement of SkM mitochondria efficiency. Larger clinical studies are warranted to confirm these observations.
27491778	0	10	Beneficial	T081	C0814225
27491778	11	18	effects	T080	C1280500
27491778	22	36	dark chocolate	T168	C3853217
27491778	40	48	exercise	T056	C0015259
27491778	49	57	capacity	T081	C1516240
27491778	61	70	sedentary	T080	C0205254
27491778	71	79	subjects	T098	C2349001
27491778	92	102	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27491778	106	118	double blind	T062	C0013072
27491778	120	130	randomized	T062	C0034656
27491778	132	150	placebo controlled	T062	C1706408
27491778	151	156	trial	T062	C0008976
27491778	160	173	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27491778	174	182	patients	T101	C0030705
27491778	187	198	consumption	T039	C1947907
27491778	202	217	(-)-epicatechin	T121	C1881340
27491778	219	226	(-)-Epi	T121	C1881340
27491778	233	238	cocoa	T168	C0009209
27491778	251	266	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27491778	268	271	SkM	T024	C0242692
27491778	273	286	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27491778	287	296	structure	T082	C0678594
27491778	301	309	decrease	T081	C0547047
27491778	310	320	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27491778	324	340	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27491778	378	385	effects	T080	C1280500
27491778	389	397	exercise	T056	C0015259
27491778	398	406	capacity	T081	C1516240
27491778	422	432	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27491778	436	442	normal	T080	C0205307
27491778	444	453	sedentary	T080	C0205254
27491778	454	462	subjects	T098	C2349001
27491778	471	477	normal	T080	C0205307
27491778	479	488	sedentary	T080	C0205254
27491778	489	497	subjects	T098	C2349001
27491778	503	512	years old	T100	C0001675
27491778	519	529	randomized	T062	C0034656
27491778	533	540	placebo	T061	C0032042
27491778	544	558	dark chocolate	T168	C3853217
27491778	560	562	DC	T168	C3853217
27491778	564	570	groups	T078	C0441833
27491778	575	583	consumed	T052	C2983605
27491778	611	617	months	T079	C0439231
27491778	619	627	Subjects	T098	C2349001
27491778	655	664	treatment	T061	C0087111
27491778	666	683	bicycle ergometry	T060	C0857787
27491778	687	693	assess	T058	C0184514
27491778	694	701	VO2 max	T033	C0429693
27491778	706	710	work	T057	C0043227
27491778	712	722	SkM biopsy	T060	C2315740
27491778	726	732	assess	T058	C0184514
27491778	744	757	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27491778	758	765	density	T081	C0178587
27491778	767	775	function	T169	C0542341
27491778	780	796	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27491778	801	815	blood sampling	T060	C0005834
27491778	819	825	assess	T058	C0184514
27491778	826	835	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27491778	836	845	endpoints	T080	C2349179
27491778	857	865	subjects	T098	C2349001
27491778	880	885	trial	T062	C0008976
27491778	894	896	DC	T168	C3853217
27491778	912	919	VO2 max	T033	C0429693
27491778	920	929	increased	T169	C0442805
27491778	935	943	increase	T169	C0442805
27491778	975	979	work	T057	C0043227
27491778	981	986	watts	T081	C0439261
27491778	1030	1037	placebo	T061	C0032042
27491778	1051	1053	DC	T168	C3853217
27491778	1070	1079	increases	T169	C0442805
27491778	1083	1086	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27491778	1110	1119	decreased	T081	C0205216
27491778	1120	1133	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
27491778	1151	1153	DC	T168	C3853217
27491778	1155	1158	SkM	T024	C0242692
27491778	1169	1180	significant	T078	C0750502
27491778	1181	1190	increases	T169	C0442805
27491778	1194	1201	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27491778	1213	1217	LKB1	T116,T126	C1431123
27491778	1219	1223	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27491778	1228	1233	PGC1α	T116,T123	C1452082
27491778	1247	1253	active	T169	C0205177
27491778	1261	1275	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
27491778	1276	1280	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27491778	1285	1289	LKB1	T116,T126	C1431123
27491778	1305	1330	citrate synthase activity	T044	C2258114
27491778	1365	1378	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27491778	1379	1386	density	T081	C0178587
27491778	1393	1395	DC	T168	C3853217
27491778	1397	1408	significant	T078	C0750502
27491778	1409	1418	increases	T169	C0442805
27491778	1422	1425	SkM	T024	C0242692
27491778	1434	1445	glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27491778	1457	1466	decreases	T081	C0547047
27491778	1470	1491	protein carbonylation	T044	C1563721
27491778	1531	1535	work	T057	C0043227
27491778	1549	1556	VO2 max	T033	C0429693
27491778	1571	1573	DC	T168	C3853217
27491778	1574	1584	activation	T052	C1879547
27491778	1632	1635	SkM	T024	C0242692
27491778	1636	1648	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27491778	1649	1659	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27491778	1668	1684	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27491778	1716	1728	observations	T062	C0302523

27492044|t|Dysplasia discrimination in intestinal - type neoplasia of the esophagus and colon via digital image analysis
27492044|a|Determining gastrointestinal tract dysplasia level is clinically important but can be difficult, and given this challenge, we investigated colonic and esophageal dysplastic progression using digital image analysis (IA). Whole slide images were obtained for colonic normal mucosa (NCM), hyperplastic polyps (HP), conventional tubular adenomas (TA), and adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and esophageal intestinal metaplasia negative for dysplasia (IM), indefinite for dysplasia (IFD), low-grade dysplasia (LGD), and HGD. Characteristic nuclei were circumscribed, and parameters discriminating groups included nuclear circumference (μm), area (μm(2)), and 15 positive pixel count (PPC) algorithm IA measurements. In colon polyps and esophageal lesions, average nuclear area and circumference ranged 30-108.6 μm(2) and 27.5-48.9 μm, respectively. Differences for average nuclear area and circumference met statistical significance (p < 0.05) between diagnostic groups in the esophagus and colon, except for IM versus IFD nuclear area. Pixel intensity (brightness) separated lesions within both groups with statistical significance except for colonic TAs versus HPs and esophageal LGD versus IM. HGD nuclei in both groups demonstrated more pixel staining heterogeneity than other lesions. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis demonstrated that lesions with similar diagnoses tended to cluster together on a low- to high-grade spectrum. Our results confirm that quantitative IA is an effective adjunct reflecting dysplasia in colon polyps and Barrett esophagus lesions. Nuclear area, circumference, and PPC algorithm findings distinguished lesions in a statistically significant manner. This suggests utility for future studies on similar methods, which may provide an adjunctive ancillary technique for pathologists and enhance patient care.
27492044	0	9	Dysplasia	T046	C0334044
27492044	10	24	discrimination	T080	C0205235
27492044	28	38	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27492044	41	45	type	T080	C0332307
27492044	46	55	neoplasia	T191	C0027651
27492044	63	72	esophagus	T023	C0014876
27492044	77	82	colon	T023	C0009368
27492044	83	86	via	T078	C1550513
27492044	87	109	digital image analysis	T060	C2348290
27492044	122	144	gastrointestinal tract	T022	C0017189
27492044	145	154	dysplasia	T046	C0334044
27492044	155	160	level	T185	C0456079
27492044	196	206	difficult,	T080	C0332218
27492044	236	248	investigated	T169	C1292732
27492044	249	256	colonic	T023	C0009368
27492044	261	271	esophageal	T082	C1522619
27492044	272	282	dysplastic	T046	C0334044
27492044	283	294	progression	T169	C0449258
27492044	301	323	digital image analysis	T060	C2348290
27492044	325	327	IA	T060	C2348290
27492044	336	348	slide images	T170	C1704254
27492044	396	415	hyperplastic polyps	T191	C0333983
27492044	417	419	HP	T191	C0333983
27492044	435	451	tubular adenomas	T191	C0334292
27492044	453	455	TA	T191	C0334292
27492044	462	470	adenomas	T191	C0001430
27492044	476	496	high-grade dysplasia	T191	C1333450
27492044	498	501	HGD	T191	C1333450
27492044	508	540	esophageal intestinal metaplasia	T047	C2363785
27492044	541	549	negative	T033	C0205160
27492044	554	563	dysplasia	T046	C0334044
27492044	565	567	IM	T047	C2363785
27492044	570	594	indefinite for dysplasia	T033	C2987259
27492044	596	599	IFD	T033	C2987259
27492044	602	621	low-grade dysplasia	T047	C0586355
27492044	623	626	LGD	T047	C0586355
27492044	633	636	HGD	T191	C1333450
27492044	726	733	nuclear	T082	C0521447
27492044	734	747	circumference	T081	C0332520
27492044	754	758	area	T082	C0205146
27492044	775	814	positive pixel count (PPC) algorithm IA	T059	C0022885
27492044	815	827	measurements	T169	C0242485
27492044	832	844	colon polyps	T190	C0009376
27492044	849	859	esophageal	T082	C1522619
27492044	860	867	lesions	T033	C0221198
27492044	869	889	average nuclear area	T033	C0243095
27492044	894	907	circumference	T081	C0332520
27492044	908	914	ranged	T081	C1514721
27492044	978	998	average nuclear area	T033	C0243095
27492044	1003	1016	circumference	T081	C0332520
27492044	1021	1045	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
27492044	1065	1075	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27492044	1076	1082	groups	T078	C0441833
27492044	1090	1099	esophagus	T023	C0014876
27492044	1104	1109	colon	T023	C0009368
27492044	1122	1124	IM	T047	C2363785
27492044	1132	1135	IFD	T033	C2987259
27492044	1150	1165	Pixel intensity	T080	C0205556
27492044	1167	1177	brightness	T080	C0205556
27492044	1189	1196	lesions	T033	C0221198
27492044	1221	1245	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
27492044	1257	1268	colonic TAs	T191	C1112503
27492044	1276	1279	HPs	T191	C0333983
27492044	1284	1298	esophageal LGD	T047	C0586355
27492044	1310	1313	HGD	T191	C1333450
27492044	1354	1359	pixel	T077	C1709558
27492044	1369	1382	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27492044	1394	1401	lesions	T033	C0221198
27492044	1403	1426	Hierarchical clustering	T062	C1881045
27492044	1431	1459	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
27492044	1478	1485	lesions	T033	C0221198
27492044	1499	1508	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27492044	1519	1526	cluster	T081	C1704332
27492044	1595	1610	quantitative IA	T059	C0200767
27492044	1617	1626	effective	T080	C1704419
27492044	1627	1634	adjunct	T169	C1719882
27492044	1646	1655	dysplasia	T046	C0334044
27492044	1659	1671	colon polyps	T190	C0009376
27492044	1676	1693	Barrett esophagus	T047	C0004763
27492044	1694	1701	lesions	T033	C0221198
27492044	1703	1715	Nuclear area	T033	C0243095
27492044	1717	1730	circumference	T081	C0332520
27492044	1736	1749	PPC algorithm	T170	C0002045
27492044	1773	1780	lesions	T033	C0221198
27492044	1786	1811	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27492044	1902	1912	adjunctive	T169	C1719882
27492044	1913	1922	ancillary	T078	C1549485
27492044	1923	1932	technique	T169	C0449851
27492044	1937	1949	pathologists	T097	C0334866
27492044	1954	1961	enhance	T052	C2349975
27492044	1962	1974	patient care	T058	C0017313

27492869|t|Unintentional Injuries in Children Up to Six Years of Age and Related Parental Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors in Italy
27492869|a|To describe risk factors associated with unintentional injuries among children aged <6 years and to examine parents ' level of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors about pediatric injuries and related preventive measures. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between May and July 2015 on a random sample of 794 parents of 3- to 6-year-old children through a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. A total of 409 parents participated. Two-thirds of the children had experienced at least 1 unintentional injury in the previous 12 months. More than one-half of these children were boys. The leading cause was falls; the injuries occurred mainly at home, and only 9.2% were brought for attention to an emergency department. Parents who did not believe that it is possible to prevent unintentional injuries were more likely to have had a child injured. Approximately 70% of respondents were aware of security measures to prevent pediatric injuries, and this knowledge was more prevalent in older parents and in those with at least a college level of education compared with those with a middle school education. The perceived utility of education about preventive measures of pediatric injuries had a mean value of 8.9 on a Likert scale of 1-10 (1, not useful, to 10, very useful) and was significantly higher in mothers. This study highlights a clear need for public health educational programs for parents regarding prevention of unintentional injuries in children as a valuable tool to increase safety and injury prevention and to reduce risks, because the majority of such injuries occur at home.
27492869	0	22	Unintentional Injuries	T037	C0151736
27492869	26	34	Children	T100	C0008059
27492869	45	50	Years	T079	C1510829
27492869	54	57	Age	T032	C0001779
27492869	70	78	Parental	T099	C0030551
27492869	79	88	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
27492869	90	99	Attitudes	T041	C0004271
27492869	105	114	Behaviors	T053	C0004927
27492869	118	123	Italy	T083	C0022277
27492869	136	148	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27492869	149	164	associated with	T080	C0332281
27492869	165	187	unintentional injuries	T037	C0151736
27492869	194	202	children	T100	C0008059
27492869	211	216	years	T079	C1510829
27492869	232	239	parents	T099	C0030551
27492869	251	260	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27492869	262	271	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27492869	277	286	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27492869	293	302	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27492869	303	311	injuries	T037	C3263723
27492869	324	343	preventive measures	UnknownType	C0814446
27492869	347	369	cross-sectional survey	T062	C0010362
27492869	392	395	May	T079	C3812381
27492869	400	404	July	T080	C3829447
27492869	415	428	random sample	T062	C0150105
27492869	436	443	parents	T099	C0030551
27492869	464	472	children	T100	C0008059
27492869	483	500	self-administered	T169	C1519231
27492869	501	524	anonymous questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27492869	541	548	parents	T099	C0030551
27492869	581	589	children	T100	C0008059
27492869	617	637	unintentional injury	T037	C0151736
27492869	657	663	months	T079	C0439231
27492869	693	701	children	T100	C0008059
27492869	707	711	boys	T100	C0870221
27492869	717	730	leading cause	T033	C0552510
27492869	735	740	falls	T037	C0000921
27492869	746	754	injuries	T037	C3263723
27492869	774	778	home	T082	C0442519
27492869	827	847	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27492869	849	856	Parents	T099	C0030551
27492869	908	930	unintentional injuries	T037	C0151736
27492869	962	967	child	T100	C0008059
27492869	968	975	injured	T169	C0332664
27492869	998	1009	respondents	T098	C0282122
27492869	1015	1020	aware	T041	C0004448
27492869	1024	1041	security measures	T089	C0036547
27492869	1053	1062	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27492869	1063	1071	injuries	T037	C3263723
27492869	1082	1091	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27492869	1120	1127	parents	T099	C0030551
27492869	1157	1183	college level of education	T065	C0013652
27492869	1211	1234	middle school education	T065	C0870891
27492869	1240	1249	perceived	T041	C0030971
27492869	1261	1270	education	T065	C0013621
27492869	1277	1296	preventive measures	UnknownType	C0814446
27492869	1300	1309	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27492869	1310	1318	injuries	T037	C3263723
27492869	1325	1335	mean value	T081	C0444504
27492869	1348	1360	Likert scale	T170	C0451267
27492869	1437	1444	mothers	T099	C0026591
27492869	1485	1498	public health	T058	C0699943
27492869	1499	1519	educational programs	T065	C0150562
27492869	1524	1531	parents	T099	C0030551
27492869	1542	1552	prevention	UnknownType	C0814446
27492869	1556	1578	unintentional injuries	T037	C0151736
27492869	1582	1590	children	T100	C0008059
27492869	1622	1628	safety	T068	C0036043
27492869	1633	1650	injury prevention	T061	C0150638
27492869	1658	1664	reduce	T081	C0547047
27492869	1665	1670	risks	T078	C0035647
27492869	1701	1709	injuries	T037	C3263723
27492869	1719	1723	home	T082	C0442519

27493011|t|Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains isolated from Chinese freshwater fish contain a novel genomic island and possible regional-specific mobile genetic elements profiles
27493011|a|Two strains of Aeromonas salmonicida, YK and BG, were isolated from largemouth bronze gudgeon and northern whitefish in China, and identified as A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida based on phylogenetic analysis of vapA and 16S rRNA gene sequences. YK and BG originated from freshwater fish, one of which belonged to the cyprinid family, and the strains showed a difference in virulence. Subsequently, we performed whole genome sequencing of the strains, and comparison of their genomic sequences to the genome of the A449 reference strain revealed various genomic rearrangements, including a new variant of the genomic island AsaGEI in BG, designated as AsaGEI2c This is the first report on a GEI of A. salmonicida strain from China. Furthermore, both YK and BG strains contained a Tn7 transposon inserted at the same position in the chromosome. Finally, IS-dependent rearrangements on pAsa5 are deemed likely to have occurred, with omission of the resD gene in both strains as well as omission of genes related to the IncF conjugal transfer system in the YK isolate. This study demonstrates that A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida can infect non-salmonids (cyprinids) in addition to salmonids, and that AsaGEI2c might be useful as a geographical indicator of Chinese A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates.
27493011	0	40	Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida	T007	C0445778
27493011	41	48	strains	T001	C1518614
27493011	63	86	Chinese freshwater fish	T013	C0016163
27493011	103	117	genomic island	T114,T123	C1257892
27493011	131	148	regional-specific	T080	C0205369
27493011	149	172	mobile genetic elements	T114,T123	C1257903
27493011	186	193	strains	T001	C1518614
27493011	197	218	Aeromonas salmonicida	T007	C0314829
27493011	220	222	YK	T001	C1518614
27493011	227	229	BG	T001	C1518614
27493011	250	275	largemouth bronze gudgeon	T013	C1037910
27493011	280	298	northern whitefish	T013	C0043156
27493011	302	307	China	T083	C0008115
27493011	327	360	A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida	T007	C0445778
27493011	370	391	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27493011	395	399	vapA	T028	C1421424
27493011	404	412	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
27493011	413	427	gene sequences	T086	C0004793
27493011	429	431	YK	T001	C1518614
27493011	436	438	BG	T001	C1518614
27493011	455	470	freshwater fish	T013	C0016163
27493011	501	516	cyprinid family	T013	C0010613
27493011	526	533	strains	T001	C1518614
27493011	557	566	virulence	T038	C0042765
27493011	601	618	genome sequencing	T063	C1328887
27493011	626	633	strains	T001	C1518614
27493011	659	676	genomic sequences	T086	C0162326
27493011	684	690	genome	T028	C0017428
27493011	698	719	A449 reference strain	T001	C1518614
27493011	737	759	genomic rearrangements	T045	C1511695
27493011	792	806	genomic island	T114,T123	C1257892
27493011	807	813	AsaGEI	T114,T123	C1257892
27493011	817	819	BG	T001	C1518614
27493011	835	843	AsaGEI2c	T114,T123	C1257892
27493011	874	877	GEI	T045	C0596609
27493011	881	902	A. salmonicida strain	T001	C1518614
27493011	908	913	China	T083	C0008115
27493011	933	935	YK	T001	C1518614
27493011	940	942	BG	T001	C1518614
27493011	963	977	Tn7 transposon	T114	C0600205
27493011	1015	1025	chromosome	T026	C0008633
27493011	1036	1063	IS-dependent rearrangements	T045	C1511695
27493011	1067	1072	pAsa5	T114,T123	C0032136
27493011	1114	1122	omission	T033	C3845736
27493011	1130	1139	resD gene	T028	C0017337
27493011	1148	1155	strains	T001	C1518614
27493011	1167	1175	omission	T033	C3845736
27493011	1179	1184	genes	T028	C0017337
27493011	1200	1204	IncF	T114,T123	C1458238
27493011	1237	1239	YK	T001	C1518614
27493011	1278	1311	A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida	T007	C0445778
27493011	1316	1322	infect	T033	C0439663
27493011	1323	1336	non-salmonids	T013	C0010613
27493011	1338	1347	cyprinids	T013	C0010613
27493011	1364	1373	salmonids	T013	C0036129
27493011	1384	1392	AsaGEI2c	T114,T123	C1257892
27493011	1414	1436	geographical indicator	T130	C0021212
27493011	1448	1481	A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida	T007	C0445778

27493840|t|Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics, and Bioavailability of Higher Doses of Tocotrienols in Healthy Fed Humans
27493840|a|Tocotrienols has been known to lower serum lipid parameters below 500 mg/d, while increase lipid parameters at higher dose of 750 mg/d. δ-Tocotrienol has a novel inflammatory property of concentration-dependent inhibition and activation. Therefore, inhibition (anti-inflammatory) property of tocotrienols at low doses is useful for cardiovascular disease, whereas, activation (pro-inflammatory) property using high dose is found effective for treatments of various types of cancer. We have recently described plasma bioavailability of 125 mg/d, 250 mg/d and 500 mg/d doses of δ-tocotrienol in healthy fed subjects, which showed dose-dependent increases in area under the curve (AUC) and maximum concentration (Cmax). Hence, in the current study, higher doses of tocotrienols have used to analyze its effect on plasma pharmacokinetic parameters. To evaluate the safety and bioavailability of higher doses (750 mg and 1000 mg) of annatto -based tocotrienols in healthy fed subjects. All four isomers (α-, β-, γ-, δ-) of tocols (tocotrienols and tocopherols) present in the plasmas of subjects were quantified and analyzed for various pharmacokinetic parameters. An open-label, randomized study was performed to analyze pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of δ-tocotrienol in 6 healthy fed subjects. All subjects (3/ dose) were randomly assigned to one of each dose of 750 mg or 1000 mg. Blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 h intervals and all isomers of α-, β-, γ-, δ-tocotrienols, and tocopherols in plasmas were quantified by HPLC. Oral administration of 750 and 1000 mg/d of tocotrienols resulted in dose-dependent increases in plasmas (ng/ml) AUC t0-t8 6621, 7450; AUC t0-∞ 8688, 9633; AUMC t0-∞ 52497, 57199; MRT 6.04, 5.93; Cmax 1444, 1592 (P<0.05), respectively, of δ-tocotrienol isomer. Moreover, both doses also resulted in plasmas Tmax 3.33-4 h; elimination half-life (t1/2 h) 2.74, 2.68; time of clearance (Cl-T, l/h) 0.086, 0.078; volume of distribution (Vd/f, mg/h) 0.34, 0.30; and elimination rate constant (ke; h(-1)) 0.25, 0.17, respectively of δ- tocotrienol isomer. Similar results of these parameters were reported for γ-tocotrienol, β- tocotrienol, α-tocotrienol, δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and β-tocopherol, except for α- tocopherol. This study has described pharmacokinetics using higher doses of 750 mg/d and 1000 mg/d of δ-tocotrienol. These results confirmed earlier findings that Tmax was 3-4 h for all isomers of tocotrienols and tocopherols except for α-tocopherol (6 h). These higher doses of tocotrienols were found safe in humans and may be useful for treatments of various types of cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease.
27493840	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27493840	14	30	Pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27493840	36	51	Bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27493840	55	61	Higher	T080	C0205250
27493840	62	67	Doses	T081	C0178602
27493840	71	83	Tocotrienols	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27493840	87	94	Healthy	T080	C3898900
27493840	99	105	Humans	T016	C0086418
27493840	106	118	Tocotrienols	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27493840	137	165	lower serum lipid parameters	T047	C0856969
27493840	188	213	increase lipid parameters	T033	C0856968
27493840	217	223	higher	T080	C0205250
27493840	224	228	dose	T081	C0178602
27493840	242	255	δ-Tocotrienol	T109,T121	C0218003
27493840	268	280	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27493840	281	289	property	T080	C0871161
27493840	293	316	concentration-dependent	T081	C0392762
27493840	317	327	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27493840	332	342	activation	T052	C1879547
27493840	355	365	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27493840	367	384	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27493840	386	394	property	T080	C0871161
27493840	398	410	tocotrienols	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27493840	414	417	low	T080	C0205251
27493840	418	423	doses	T081	C0178602
27493840	438	460	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27493840	471	481	activation	T052	C1879547
27493840	483	499	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27493840	501	509	property	T080	C0871161
27493840	516	520	high	T080	C0205250
27493840	521	525	dose	T081	C0178602
27493840	535	544	effective	T080	C1704419
27493840	549	559	treatments	T061	C0087111
27493840	580	586	cancer	T191	C0006826
27493840	615	621	plasma	T031	C0032105
27493840	622	637	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27493840	673	678	doses	T081	C0178602
27493840	682	695	δ-tocotrienol	T109,T121	C0218003
27493840	699	706	healthy	T080	C3898900
27493840	711	719	subjects	T098	C2349001
27493840	734	748	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27493840	749	782	increases in area under the curve	T033	C1708492
27493840	784	787	AUC	T081	C0376690
27493840	793	814	maximum concentration	T081	C2347813
27493840	816	820	Cmax	T081	C2347813
27493840	852	858	higher	T080	C0205250
27493840	859	864	doses	T081	C0178602
27493840	868	880	tocotrienols	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27493840	916	922	plasma	T031	C0032105
27493840	923	949	pharmacokinetic parameters	T170	C1705911
27493840	954	962	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27493840	967	973	safety	T068	C0036043
27493840	978	993	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27493840	997	1003	higher	T080	C0205250
27493840	1004	1009	doses	T081	C0178602
27493840	1034	1041	annatto	T109,T121,T123,T130	C0051928
27493840	1049	1061	tocotrienols	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27493840	1065	1072	healthy	T080	C3898900
27493840	1077	1085	subjects	T098	C2349001
27493840	1096	1103	isomers	UnknownType	C0683115
27493840	1124	1130	tocols	T109,T121	C0599549
27493840	1132	1144	tocotrienols	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27493840	1149	1160	tocopherols	T109,T121,T127	C0087096
27493840	1177	1184	plasmas	T031	C0032105
27493840	1188	1196	subjects	T098	C2349001
27493840	1217	1225	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27493840	1238	1264	pharmacokinetic parameters	T170	C1705911
27493840	1269	1279	open-label	T062	C1709323
27493840	1281	1297	randomized study	T062	C2986910
27493840	1323	1339	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27493840	1344	1359	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27493840	1363	1376	δ-tocotrienol	T109,T121	C0218003
27493840	1382	1389	healthy	T080	C3898900
27493840	1394	1402	subjects	T098	C2349001
27493840	1408	1416	subjects	T098	C2349001
27493840	1421	1425	dose	T081	C0178602
27493840	1441	1449	assigned	T169	C1516050
27493840	1465	1469	dose	T081	C0178602
27493840	1492	1505	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
27493840	1561	1568	isomers	UnknownType	C0683115
27493840	1572	1574	α-	T109,T121	C0217873
27493840	1576	1578	β-	T109,T121	C0217992
27493840	1580	1582	γ-	T109,T121	C0206999
27493840	1584	1598	δ-tocotrienols	T109,T121	C0218003
27493840	1604	1615	tocopherols	T109,T121,T127	C0087096
27493840	1619	1626	plasmas	T031	C0032105
27493840	1646	1650	HPLC	T059	C0008562
27493840	1652	1671	Oral administration	T061	C0001563
27493840	1696	1708	tocotrienols	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27493840	1721	1735	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27493840	1736	1745	increases	T081	C0205217
27493840	1749	1756	plasmas	T031	C0032105
27493840	1765	1768	AUC	T081	C0376690
27493840	1787	1790	AUC	T081	C0376690
27493840	1808	1812	AUMC	T081	C2827743
27493840	1832	1835	MRT	T081	C2827742
27493840	1848	1852	Cmax	T081	C2347813
27493840	1891	1911	δ-tocotrienol isomer	T109,T121	C0218003
27493840	1928	1933	doses	T081	C0178602
27493840	1951	1958	plasmas	T031	C0032105
27493840	1959	1963	Tmax	T081	C2348796
27493840	1974	1995	elimination half-life	T081	C2348397
27493840	1997	2001	t1/2	T081	C2348397
27493840	2017	2034	time of clearance	T079	C1254367
27493840	2036	2040	Cl-T	T079	C1254367
27493840	2061	2083	volume of distribution	T081	C0683148
27493840	2085	2089	Vd/f	T081	C0683148
27493840	2113	2138	elimination rate constant	T081	C2986811
27493840	2140	2142	ke	T081	C2986811
27493840	2179	2200	δ- tocotrienol isomer	T109,T121	C0218003
27493840	2210	2217	results	T033	C0683954
27493840	2227	2237	parameters	T033	C0449381
27493840	2243	2251	reported	T058	C0700287
27493840	2256	2269	γ-tocotrienol	T109,T121	C0206999
27493840	2271	2285	β- tocotrienol	T109,T121	C0217992
27493840	2287	2300	α-tocotrienol	T109,T121	C0217873
27493840	2302	2314	δ-tocopherol	T109,T121,T127	C0304915
27493840	2316	2328	γ-tocopherol	T109,T121,T127	C0017054
27493840	2334	2346	β-tocopherol	T109,T121,T127	C0005287
27493840	2359	2372	α- tocopherol	T109,T121,T127	C0969677
27493840	2399	2415	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27493840	2422	2428	higher	T080	C0205250
27493840	2429	2434	doses	T081	C0178602
27493840	2464	2477	δ-tocotrienol	T109,T121	C0218003
27493840	2485	2492	results	T033	C0683954
27493840	2493	2502	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27493840	2525	2529	Tmax	T081	C2348796
27493840	2548	2555	isomers	UnknownType	C0683115
27493840	2559	2571	tocotrienols	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27493840	2576	2587	tocopherols	T109,T121,T127	C0087096
27493840	2599	2611	α-tocopherol	T109,T121,T127	C0969677
27493840	2625	2631	higher	T080	C0205250
27493840	2632	2637	doses	T081	C0178602
27493840	2641	2653	tocotrienols	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27493840	2673	2679	humans	T016	C0086418
27493840	2702	2712	treatments	T061	C0087111
27493840	2733	2739	cancer	T191	C0006826
27493840	2741	2749	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27493840	2755	2774	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395

27493925|t|The effect of green tea extract supplementation on sputum smear conversion and weight changes in pulmonary TB patients: A randomized controlled trial
27493925|a|Acceleration in sputum smear conversion helps faster improvement and decreased probability of the transfer of TB. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of green tea extract supplementation on sputum smear conversion and weight changes in smear positive pulmonary TB patients in Iran. In this double blind clinical study, TB patients were divided into intervention, (n=43) receiving 500 mg green tea extract (GTE), and control groups (n=40) receiving placebo for two months, using balanced randomization. Random allocation and allocation concealment were observed. Height and weight were measured at the beginning, and two and six months post-treatment. Evaluations were performed on three slides, using the ZiehlNeelsen method. Independent and paired t test, McNemar's, Wilcoxon, Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression model and Log-Rank test were utilized. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. This trial was registered under IRCT201212232602N11. The interventional changes and the interactive effect of intervention on weight were not significant (p>0.05). In terms of shortening the duration of conversion, the case to control proportion showed a significant difference (p=0.032). Based on the Cox regression model, the hazard ratio of the relative risk of delay in sputum smear conversion was 3.7 (p=0.002) in the higher microbial load group compared to the placebo group and 0.54 (95% CI: 0.31-0.94) in the intervention compared to the placebo group. GTE decreases the risk of delay in sputum smear conversion, but has no effect on weight gain. Moreover, it may be used as an adjuvant therapy for faster rehabilitation for pulmonary TB patients.
27493925	4	10	effect	T080	C1280500
27493925	14	31	green tea extract	T109,T121	C1704263
27493925	32	47	supplementation	T061	C0242297
27493925	51	63	sputum smear	T059	C2019329
27493925	64	74	conversion	T061	C0444785
27493925	79	93	weight changes	T033	C0005911
27493925	97	109	pulmonary TB	T047	C0041327
27493925	110	118	patients	T101	C0030705
27493925	122	149	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27493925	150	162	Acceleration	T067	C0000894
27493925	166	178	sputum smear	T059	C2019329
27493925	179	189	conversion	T061	C0444785
27493925	196	214	faster improvement	T077	C2986411
27493925	219	228	decreased	T081	C0205216
27493925	229	240	probability	T081	C0033204
27493925	260	262	TB	T047	C0041296
27493925	272	277	study	T062	C2603343
27493925	282	287	aimed	T078	C1947946
27493925	291	302	investigate	T169	C1292732
27493925	307	313	effect	T080	C1280500
27493925	317	334	green tea extract	T109,T121	C1704263
27493925	335	350	supplementation	T061	C0242297
27493925	354	366	sputum smear	T059	C2019329
27493925	367	377	conversion	T061	C0444785
27493925	382	396	weight changes	T033	C0005911
27493925	400	414	smear positive	T033	C1335447
27493925	415	427	pulmonary TB	T047	C0041327
27493925	428	436	patients	T101	C0030705
27493925	440	444	Iran	T083	C0022065
27493925	467	481	clinical study	T062	C0008972
27493925	483	485	TB	T047	C0041296
27493925	486	494	patients	T101	C0030705
27493925	500	507	divided	T169	C0332849
27493925	513	525	intervention	T061	C0184661
27493925	534	543	receiving	T080	C1514756
27493925	551	568	green tea extract	T109,T121	C1704263
27493925	570	573	GTE	T109,T121	C1704263
27493925	580	594	control groups	T096	C0009932
27493925	602	611	receiving	T080	C1514756
27493925	612	619	placebo	T122	C1696465
27493925	624	634	two months	T079	C0439231
27493925	642	664	balanced randomization	T062	C0034656
27493925	666	683	Random allocation	T062	C0034656
27493925	688	698	allocation	T052	C1706778
27493925	699	710	concealment	T080	C0443189
27493925	716	724	observed	T169	C1441672
27493925	726	743	Height and weight	T032	C0424638
27493925	749	757	measured	T080	C0444706
27493925	765	774	beginning	T079	C0439659
27493925	792	798	months	T079	C0439231
27493925	799	813	post-treatment	T079	C2709088
27493925	815	826	Evaluations	T058	C0220825
27493925	832	841	performed	T169	C0884358
27493925	851	857	slides	T075	C0444330
27493925	869	888	ZiehlNeelsen method	T059	C1318721
27493925	890	901	Independent	T170	C0871472
27493925	906	919	paired t test	T170	C1709451
27493925	921	930	McNemar's	T170	C0282574
27493925	932	940	Wilcoxon	T170	C0871608
27493925	942	954	Kaplan-Meier	T081	C1720943
27493925	956	976	Cox regression model	T081,T170	C0010235
27493925	981	994	Log-Rank test	T170	C0282574
27493925	1000	1008	utilized	T080	C0205556
27493925	1010	1034	Statistical significance	T081	C0237881
27493925	1059	1064	trial	T062	C0008976
27493925	1069	1079	registered	T058	C1514821
27493925	1111	1125	interventional	T061	C0184661
27493925	1126	1133	changes	T169	C0392747
27493925	1142	1153	interactive	T169	C1704675
27493925	1154	1160	effect	T080	C1280500
27493925	1164	1176	intervention	T061	C0184661
27493925	1180	1186	weight	T032	C0005910
27493925	1192	1207	not significant	T033	C1273937
27493925	1230	1240	shortening	T080	C1282927
27493925	1245	1253	duration	T079	C0449238
27493925	1257	1267	conversion	T061	C0444785
27493925	1273	1299	case to control proportion	T080	C3274646
27493925	1300	1306	showed	T080	C0205556
27493925	1309	1320	significant	T078	C0750502
27493925	1321	1331	difference	T080	C1705242
27493925	1356	1376	Cox regression model	T081,T170	C0010235
27493925	1382	1394	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27493925	1402	1415	relative risk	T081	C0242492
27493925	1419	1424	delay	T079	C0205421
27493925	1428	1440	sputum smear	T059	C2019329
27493925	1441	1451	conversion	T061	C0444785
27493925	1477	1483	higher	T080	C0205250
27493925	1484	1498	microbial load	T081	C2936404
27493925	1499	1504	group	T098	C1257890
27493925	1505	1513	compared	T052	C1707455
27493925	1521	1528	placebo	T122	C1696465
27493925	1529	1534	group	T098	C1257890
27493925	1571	1583	intervention	T061	C0184661
27493925	1584	1592	compared	T052	C1707455
27493925	1600	1607	placebo	T122	C1696465
27493925	1608	1613	group	T098	C1257890
27493925	1615	1618	GTE	T109,T121	C1704263
27493925	1619	1628	decreases	T033	C0442797
27493925	1633	1637	risk	T078	C0035647
27493925	1641	1646	delay	T079	C0205421
27493925	1650	1662	sputum smear	T059	C2019329
27493925	1663	1673	conversion	T061	C0444785
27493925	1686	1692	effect	T080	C1280500
27493925	1696	1707	weight gain	T033	C0043094
27493925	1740	1756	adjuvant therapy	T061	C0677850
27493925	1761	1767	faster	T080	C0456962
27493925	1768	1782	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27493925	1787	1799	pulmonary TB	T047	C0041327
27493925	1800	1808	patients	T101	C0030705

27494020|t|Reduction in Hospital-Wide Clinical Laboratory Specimen Identification Errors following Process Interventions: A 10- Year Retrospective Observational Study
27494020|a|Accurate patient identification and specimen labeling at the time of collection are crucial steps in the prevention of medical errors, thereby improving patient safety. All patient specimen identification errors that occurred in the outpatient department (OPD), emergency department (ED), and inpatient department (IPD) of a 3,800- bed academic medical center in Taiwan were documented and analyzed retrospectively from 2005 to 2014. To reduce such errors, the following series of strategies were implemented: a restrictive specimen acceptance policy for the ED and IPD in 2006; a computer-assisted barcode positive patient identification system for the ED and IPD in 2007 and 2010, and automated sample labeling combined with electronic identification systems introduced to the OPD in 2009. Of the 2000345 specimens collected in 2005, 1023 (0.0511%) were identified as having patient identification errors, compared with 58 errors (0.0015%) among 3761238 specimens collected in 2014, after serial interventions; this represents a 97% relative reduction. The total number (rate) of institutional identification errors contributed from the ED, IPD, and OPD over a 10- year period were 423 (0.1058%), 556 (0.0587%), and 44 (0.0067%) errors before the interventions, and 3 (0.0007%), 52 (0.0045%) and 3 (0.0001%) after interventions, representing relative 99%, 92% and 98% reductions, respectively. Accurate patient identification is a challenge of patient safety in different health settings. The data collected in our study indicate that a restrictive specimen acceptance policy, computer-generated positive identification systems, and interdisciplinary cooperation can significantly reduce patient identification errors.
27494020	0	9	Reduction	T080	C0392756
27494020	13	26	Hospital-Wide	T073,T093	C0019994
27494020	27	70	Clinical Laboratory Specimen Identification	T059	C0200344
27494020	71	77	Errors	T080	C0743559
27494020	88	109	Process Interventions	UnknownType	C0814452
27494020	117	121	Year	T079	C0439234
27494020	122	155	Retrospective Observational Study	T062	C0035363
27494020	156	164	Accurate	T080	C0443131
27494020	165	187	patient identification	T058	C1269815
27494020	192	209	specimen labeling	T058	C1254363
27494020	240	253	crucial steps	T077	C1254372
27494020	261	271	prevention	T062	C1706420
27494020	275	289	medical errors	T080	C0376531
27494020	299	308	improving	T080	C1272745
27494020	309	323	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27494020	329	345	patient specimen	T031	C1292459
27494020	346	360	identification	T080	C0205396
27494020	361	367	errors	T080	C0743559
27494020	373	381	occurred	T052	C1709305
27494020	389	410	outpatient department	T082	C1547116
27494020	412	415	OPD	T082	C1547116
27494020	418	438	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27494020	440	442	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27494020	449	469	inpatient department	T082	C1547116
27494020	471	474	IPD	T082	C1547116
27494020	488	491	bed	T073	C0004916
27494020	492	515	academic medical center	T073,T093	C0000872
27494020	519	525	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27494020	531	541	documented	T058	C1301725
27494020	546	554	analyzed	T058	C1254363
27494020	593	599	reduce	T080	C0392756
27494020	605	611	errors	T080	C0743559
27494020	627	633	series	T081	C0205549
27494020	637	647	strategies	T170	C0679716
27494020	668	706	restrictive specimen acceptance policy	T089	C0680575
27494020	715	717	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27494020	722	725	IPD	T082	C1547116
27494020	737	754	computer-assisted	T059	C2362103
27494020	755	762	barcode	T170	C0004738
27494020	763	801	positive patient identification system	T073,T170	C0009612
27494020	810	812	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27494020	817	820	IPD	T082	C1547116
27494020	843	852	automated	T169	C0205554
27494020	853	868	sample labeling	T058	C1254363
27494020	869	877	combined	T080	C0205195
27494020	883	916	electronic identification systems	T058	C3687093
27494020	917	927	introduced	T169	C1292748
27494020	935	938	OPD	T082	C1547116
27494020	963	972	specimens	T031	C1550655
27494020	973	982	collected	T169	C1516698
27494020	1012	1022	identified	T033	C0243095
27494020	1033	1055	patient identification	T058	C1269815
27494020	1056	1062	errors	T080	C0743559
27494020	1081	1087	errors	T080	C0743559
27494020	1112	1121	specimens	T031	C1550655
27494020	1122	1131	collected	T169	C1516698
27494020	1154	1167	interventions	T058	C1273869
27494020	1191	1199	relative	T080	C0205345
27494020	1200	1209	reduction	T080	C0392756
27494020	1215	1227	total number	T081	C4288115
27494020	1229	1233	rate	T081	C1521828
27494020	1238	1266	institutional identification	T058	C1254363
27494020	1267	1273	errors	T080	C0743559
27494020	1295	1297	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27494020	1299	1302	IPD	T082	C1547116
27494020	1308	1311	OPD	T082	C1547116
27494020	1323	1327	year	T079	C0439234
27494020	1328	1334	period	T079	C1948053
27494020	1387	1393	errors	T080	C0743559
27494020	1394	1400	before	T079	C0332152
27494020	1405	1418	interventions	T058	C1273869
27494020	1466	1471	after	T079	C0687676
27494020	1472	1485	interventions	T058	C1273869
27494020	1500	1508	relative	T080	C0205345
27494020	1526	1536	reductions	T080	C0392756
27494020	1552	1560	Accurate	T080	C0443131
27494020	1561	1583	patient identification	T058	C1269815
27494020	1602	1616	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27494020	1630	1636	health	T078	C0018684
27494020	1637	1645	settings	T081	C1318139
27494020	1651	1665	data collected	T033	C4019276
27494020	1673	1678	study	T062	C2603343
27494020	1695	1733	restrictive specimen acceptance policy	T089	C0680575
27494020	1735	1753	computer-generated	T059	C0022885
27494020	1754	1785	positive identification systems	T073,T170	C0009612
27494020	1839	1845	reduce	T080	C0392756
27494020	1846	1868	patient identification	T058	C1269815
27494020	1869	1875	errors	T080	C0743559

27494135|t|Truncated Bovine Integrin Alpha-v/Beta-6 as a Universal Capture Ligand for FMD Diagnosis
27494135|a|Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in many regions of the world and is one of the most prevalent epizootic animal diseases. FMD affects livestock, such as cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, and causes enormous economic losses due to reduced productivity and trade restrictions. Preparedness and early diagnosis are essential for effective control of FMD. Many diagnostic assays are dependent on raising high-affinity, anti-FMD virus (FMDV) serotype-specific antibodies in small animals (rabbits and guinea pigs) that give broad virus coverage. Here we show that soluble, truncated forms of bovine αvβ6 bind FMDV in an authentic RGD and divalent cation dependent interaction and can be used as the trapping reagent in a FMDV sandwich ELISA. In addition, inclusion of FLAG or His tags facilitates simple purification without the loss of virus binding. We also provide evidence that when combined with a guinea pig polyclonal serum, or serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies, the integrin can be used to detect viruses representative of all FMDV serotypes. We also show that recombinant FMDV empty capsids, with stabilising disulphide bonds, can serve as an antigen in the ELISA and can therefore replace inactivated virus antigen as a positive control for the assay. Our results demonstrate the potential use of bovine αvβ6 and FMDV empty capsids in FMD diagnostic assays.
27494135	0	16	Truncated Bovine	T015	C0007452
27494135	17	40	Integrin Alpha-v/Beta-6	T116,T192	C0166814
27494135	46	70	Universal Capture Ligand	T044	C1749457
27494135	75	78	FMD	T047	C0016514
27494135	79	88	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27494135	89	111	Foot-and-mouth disease	T047	C0016514
27494135	113	116	FMD	T047	C0016514
27494135	121	128	endemic	T047	C0277550
27494135	137	144	regions	T082	C0205147
27494135	152	157	world	T098	C2700280
27494135	191	200	epizootic	T067	C0598393
27494135	201	216	animal diseases	T047	C0003047
27494135	218	221	FMD	T047	C0016514
27494135	230	239	livestock	T008	C2936506
27494135	249	255	cattle	T015	C0007452
27494135	257	262	sheep	T015	C0036945
27494135	264	269	goats	T015	C1510458
27494135	274	278	pigs	T015	C0039005
27494135	291	315	enormous economic losses	T081	C0681022
27494135	331	343	productivity	T081	C0033269
27494135	348	366	trade restrictions	T169	C0443288
27494135	368	380	Preparedness	T033	C1318963
27494135	385	400	early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
27494135	405	414	essential	T080	C0205224
27494135	419	436	effective control	T058	C0085557
27494135	440	443	FMD	T047	C0016514
27494135	450	467	diagnostic assays	T059	C1510438
27494135	472	481	dependent	T080	C0851827
27494135	493	506	high-affinity	T080	C0205556
27494135	508	522	anti-FMD virus	T005	C0949945
27494135	524	528	FMDV	T005	C0949945
27494135	530	558	serotype-specific antibodies	T116,T129	C0443640
27494135	568	575	animals	T008	C0003062
27494135	577	584	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27494135	589	600	guinea pigs	T015	C0085979
27494135	618	623	virus	T005	C0042776
27494135	652	659	soluble	T080	C1948047
27494135	661	676	truncated forms	T080	C0348078
27494135	680	686	bovine	T015	C0007452
27494135	687	691	αvβ6	T116,T192	C0166814
27494135	692	696	bind	T044	C1167622
27494135	697	701	FMDV	T005	C0949945
27494135	718	721	RGD	T116,T123	C0052350
27494135	726	763	divalent cation dependent interaction	T044	C1372999
27494135	787	803	trapping reagent	T130	C0034760
27494135	809	813	FMDV	T005	C0949945
27494135	814	828	sandwich ELISA	T059	C0014441
27494135	843	852	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27494135	856	860	FLAG	T116,T130	C0251594
27494135	864	872	His tags	T116,T121,T123	C0019602
27494135	892	904	purification	T059	C0597301
27494135	917	921	loss	T081	C1517945
27494135	925	938	virus binding	T038	C1721019
27494135	956	964	evidence	T078	C3887511
27494135	975	983	combined	T080	C0205195
27494135	991	1001	guinea pig	T015	C0085979
27494135	1002	1018	polyclonal serum	T031	C0229671
27494135	1023	1062	serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0003250
27494135	1068	1076	integrin	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27494135	1092	1098	detect	T033	C0442726
27494135	1099	1106	viruses	T005	C0042776
27494135	1129	1143	FMDV serotypes	T005	C0884162
27494135	1163	1179	recombinant FMDV	T005	C0597363
27494135	1180	1193	empty capsids	T017	C0006933
27494135	1200	1228	stabilising disulphide bonds	T070	C0596391
27494135	1246	1253	antigen	T129	C0003320
27494135	1261	1266	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27494135	1293	1318	inactivated virus antigen	T129	C0003320
27494135	1324	1340	positive control	T077	C1883676
27494135	1349	1354	assay	T059	C1510438
27494135	1360	1367	results	T034	C0456984
27494135	1384	1393	potential	T080	C3245505
27494135	1401	1407	bovine	T015	C0007452
27494135	1408	1412	αvβ6	T116,T192	C0166814
27494135	1417	1421	FMDV	T005	C0949945
27494135	1422	1435	empty capsids	T017	C0006933
27494135	1439	1442	FMD	T047	C0016514
27494135	1443	1460	diagnostic assays	T059	C1510438

27494870|t|Novel antibody probes for the characterization of endosialin / TEM-1
27494870|a|Endosialin (Tumor Endothelial Marker-1 (TEM-1), CD248) is primarily expressed on pericytes of tumor - associated microvasculature, tumor - associated stromal cells and directly on tumors of mesenchymal origin, including sarcoma and melanoma. While the function of endosialin/TEM-1 is incompletely understood, studies have suggested a role in supporting tumor growth and invasion thus making it an attractive therapeutic target. In an effort to further understand its role in cancer, we previously developed a humanized anti-endosialin/TEM-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), called ontuxizumab (MORAb-004) for testing in preclinical and clinical studies. We herein report on the generation of an extensive panel of recombinant endosialin/TEM-1 protein extracellular domain (ECD) fragments and novel mAbs against ECD motifs. The domain-specific epitopes were mapped against ECD sub-domains to identify those that can detect distinct structural motifs and can be potentially formatted as probes suitable for diagnostic and functional studies. A number of mAbS were shown to cross-react with the murine and human protein, potentially allowing their use in human animal models and corresponding clinical trials. In addition, pairing of several mAbs supported their use in immunoassays that can detect soluble endosialin/TEM-1 (sEND) in the serum of healthy subjects and cancer patients.
27494870	0	5	Novel	T080	C0205314
27494870	6	14	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27494870	30	46	characterization	T052	C1880022
27494870	50	60	endosialin	T116,T123	C1437495
27494870	63	68	TEM-1	T116,T123	C1437495
27494870	69	123	Endosialin (Tumor Endothelial Marker-1 (TEM-1), CD248)	T116,T123	C1437495
27494870	150	159	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27494870	163	168	tumor	T191	C0027651
27494870	171	181	associated	T080	C0332281
27494870	182	198	microvasculature	T042	C0243079
27494870	200	205	tumor	T191	C0027651
27494870	208	218	associated	T080	C0332281
27494870	219	232	stromal cells	T025	C0162597
27494870	249	255	tumors	T191	C0027651
27494870	259	277	mesenchymal origin	T025	C1257975
27494870	289	296	sarcoma	T191	C1261473
27494870	301	309	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27494870	321	329	function	T169	C0542341
27494870	333	349	endosialin/TEM-1	T116,T123	C1437495
27494870	378	385	studies	T062	C2603343
27494870	422	434	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27494870	439	447	invasion	T033	C1269955
27494870	477	488	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27494870	489	495	target	T169	C1521840
27494870	544	550	cancer	T191	C0006826
27494870	578	587	humanized	T116,T129	C2985546
27494870	588	609	anti-endosialin/TEM-1	T116,T123	C1437495
27494870	610	629	monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
27494870	631	634	mAb	T116,T129	C0003250
27494870	644	655	ontuxizumab	T116,T121	C2826153
27494870	657	666	MORAb-004	T116,T121	C2826153
27494870	672	679	testing	T169	C0039593
27494870	683	694	preclinical	T062	C1709631
27494870	699	715	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27494870	741	751	generation	T052	C3146294
27494870	777	788	recombinant	T116	C0034861
27494870	789	813	endosialin/TEM-1 protein	T116,T123	C1437495
27494870	814	834	extracellular domain	T082	C1517050
27494870	836	839	ECD	T082	C1517050
27494870	841	850	fragments	T116	C0030935
27494870	855	860	novel	T080	C0205314
27494870	861	865	mAbs	T116,T129	C0003250
27494870	874	877	ECD	T082	C1517050
27494870	878	884	motifs	T087	C1514562
27494870	890	905	domain-specific	T044	C1149343
27494870	906	914	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27494870	920	926	mapped	T170	C3858752
27494870	935	938	ECD	T082	C1517050
27494870	978	984	detect	T033	C0442726
27494870	994	1004	structural	T082	C0678594
27494870	1005	1011	motifs	T087	C1514562
27494870	1068	1078	diagnostic	T062	C1704656
27494870	1083	1101	functional studies	T169	C0205245
27494870	1115	1119	mAbS	T116,T129	C0003250
27494870	1134	1145	cross-react	T059	C0541850
27494870	1155	1161	murine	T109,T121	C0591833
27494870	1166	1171	human	T016	C0086418
27494870	1172	1179	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27494870	1215	1220	human	T016	C0086418
27494870	1221	1234	animal models	T008	C0599779
27494870	1253	1268	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27494870	1302	1306	mAbs	T116,T129	C0003250
27494870	1330	1342	immunoassays	T059	C0523404
27494870	1359	1366	soluble	T026	C1749467
27494870	1367	1383	endosialin/TEM-1	T116,T123	C1437495
27494870	1385	1389	sEND	T116,T123	C1437495
27494870	1398	1403	serum	T031	C0229671
27494870	1407	1423	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27494870	1428	1443	cancer patients	T101	C1516213

27494903|t|Identification of novel macrolides with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and type I and III IFN - augmenting activity in airway epithelium
27494903|a|Exacerbations of asthma and COPD are triggered by rhinoviruses. Uncontrolled inflammatory pathways, pathogenic bacterial burden and impaired antiviral immunity are thought to be important factors in disease severity and duration. Macrolides including azithromycin are often used to treat the above diseases, but exhibit variable levels of efficacy. Inhaled corticosteroids are also readily used in treatment, but may lack specificity. Ideally, new treatment alternatives should suppress unwanted inflammation, but spare beneficial antiviral immunity. In the present study, we screened 225 novel macrolides and tested them for enhanced antiviral activity against rhinovirus, as well as anti-inflammatory activity and activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Primary bronchial epithelial cells were grown from 10 asthmatic individuals and the effects of macrolides on rhinovirus replication were also examined. Another 30 structurally similar macrolides were also examined. The oleandomycin derivative Mac5, compared with azithromycin, showed superior induction (up to 5-fold, EC 50 = 5-11 μM) of rhinovirus - induced type I IFNβ, type III IFNλ1 and type III IFNλ2/3 mRNA and the IFN - stimulated genes viperin and MxA, yet had no effect on IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA. Mac5 also suppressed rhinovirus replication at 48 h, proving antiviral activity. Mac5 showed antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae; however, it did not have any antibacterial properties compared with azithromycin when used against Gram-negative Escherichia coli (as a model organism) and also the respiratory pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae. Further non-toxic Mac5 derivatives were identified with various anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibacterial activities. The data support the idea that macrolides have antiviral properties through a mechanism that is yet to be ascertained. We also provide evidence that macrolides can be developed with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral activity and show surprising versatility depending on the clinical need.
27494903	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
27494903	18	23	novel	T080	C0205314
27494903	24	34	macrolides	T109,T121	C0282563
27494903	40	53	antibacterial	T039	C0544570
27494903	55	72	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27494903	77	83	type I	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
27494903	88	95	III IFN	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
27494903	98	117	augmenting activity	T033	C0243095
27494903	121	127	airway	T023	C0458827
27494903	128	138	epithelium	T024	C0014609
27494903	139	162	Exacerbations of asthma	T033	C0349790
27494903	167	171	COPD	T047	C0740304
27494903	176	188	triggered by	T080	C1444748
27494903	189	201	rhinoviruses	T005	C0035473
27494903	203	215	Uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
27494903	216	237	inflammatory pathways	T042	C1512758
27494903	239	249	pathogenic	T001	C0450254
27494903	250	259	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27494903	260	266	burden	T078	C2828008
27494903	271	279	impaired	T169	C0221099
27494903	280	298	antiviral immunity	T040	C1155328
27494903	327	334	factors	T169	C1521761
27494903	338	354	disease severity	T080	C0521117
27494903	359	367	duration	T079	C0872146
27494903	369	379	Macrolides	T109,T121	C0282563
27494903	390	402	azithromycin	T109,T195	C0052796
27494903	421	426	treat	T169	C1522326
27494903	437	445	diseases	T047	C0012634
27494903	451	458	exhibit	T080	C0443289
27494903	459	467	variable	T080	C0439828
27494903	468	474	levels	T080	C0441889
27494903	478	486	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27494903	488	511	Inhaled corticosteroids	T121	C4020618
27494903	537	546	treatment	T169	C1522326
27494903	556	560	lack	T080	C0332268
27494903	561	572	specificity	T081	C0037791
27494903	587	596	treatment	T169	C1522326
27494903	617	625	suppress	T169	C1260953
27494903	635	647	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27494903	670	688	antiviral immunity	T040	C1155328
27494903	705	710	study	T059	C0947630
27494903	728	733	novel	T080	C0205314
27494903	734	744	macrolides	T109,T121	C0282563
27494903	749	755	tested	T169	C0039593
27494903	765	773	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27494903	774	792	antiviral activity	T044	C1321382
27494903	801	811	rhinovirus	T005	C0035473
27494903	824	850	anti-inflammatory activity	T033	C0243095
27494903	855	863	activity	T052	C0441655
27494903	872	885	Gram-positive	T007	C0018154
27494903	890	912	Gram-negative bacteria	T007	C0018150
27494903	914	921	Primary	T080	C0205225
27494903	922	948	bronchial epithelial cells	T025	C1711178
27494903	968	989	asthmatic individuals	T101	C0030705
27494903	998	1005	effects	T080	C1280500
27494903	1009	1019	macrolides	T109,T121	C0282563
27494903	1023	1033	rhinovirus	T005	C0035473
27494903	1034	1045	replication	T043	C0042774
27494903	1056	1064	examined	T033	C0332128
27494903	1098	1108	macrolides	T109,T121	C0282563
27494903	1119	1127	examined	T033	C0332128
27494903	1133	1145	oleandomycin	T109,T195	C0028923
27494903	1146	1156	derivative	T169	C1527240
27494903	1157	1161	Mac5	T109,T195	C0028923
27494903	1177	1189	azithromycin	T109,T195	C0052796
27494903	1207	1216	induction	T169	C0205263
27494903	1232	1234	EC	UnknownType	C0678791
27494903	1252	1262	rhinovirus	T005	C0035473
27494903	1265	1272	induced	T169	C0205263
27494903	1273	1284	type I IFNβ	T028	C1334081
27494903	1286	1300	type III IFNλ1	T028	C1334085
27494903	1305	1321	type III IFNλ2/3	T028	C1334085
27494903	1322	1326	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27494903	1335	1338	IFN	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
27494903	1341	1351	stimulated	T070	C1948023
27494903	1352	1357	genes	T028	C0017337
27494903	1358	1365	viperin	T028	C1539703
27494903	1370	1373	MxA	T028	C1417510
27494903	1383	1392	no effect	T080	C1301751
27494903	1396	1400	IL-6	T028	C1334122
27494903	1405	1409	IL-8	T028	C1366571
27494903	1410	1414	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27494903	1416	1420	Mac5	T109,T195	C0028923
27494903	1426	1436	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27494903	1437	1447	rhinovirus	T005	C0035473
27494903	1448	1459	replication	T043	C0042774
27494903	1466	1467	h	T079	C0439227
27494903	1477	1495	antiviral activity	T044	C1321382
27494903	1497	1501	Mac5	T109,T195	C0028923
27494903	1509	1531	antibacterial activity	T039	C0544570
27494903	1540	1553	Gram-positive	T007	C0018154
27494903	1554	1578	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27494903	1609	1633	antibacterial properties	T039	C0544570
27494903	1634	1642	compared	T052	C1707455
27494903	1648	1660	azithromycin	T109,T195	C0052796
27494903	1679	1692	Gram-negative	T007	C0018150
27494903	1693	1709	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27494903	1745	1766	respiratory pathogens	T001	C4267729
27494903	1767	1789	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27494903	1807	1829	Haemophilus influenzae	T007	C0018483
27494903	1849	1853	Mac5	T109,T195	C0028923
27494903	1871	1881	identified	T080	C0205396
27494903	1895	1912	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27494903	1914	1923	antiviral	T044	C1321382
27494903	1928	1952	antibacterial activities	T039	C0544570
27494903	1958	1962	data	T078	C1511726
27494903	1985	1995	macrolides	T109,T121	C0282563
27494903	2001	2021	antiviral properties	T044	C1321382
27494903	2032	2041	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27494903	2089	2097	evidence	T078	C3887511
27494903	2103	2113	macrolides	T109,T121	C0282563
27494903	2136	2153	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27494903	2155	2168	antibacterial	T039	C0544570
27494903	2173	2191	antiviral activity	T044	C1321382
27494903	2241	2249	clinical	T080	C0205210
27494903	2250	2254	need	T080	C0027552

27494906|t|Impact of AAC(6')-Ib-cr in combination with chromosomal -mediated mechanisms on clinical quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli
27494906|a|aac(6')-Ib-cr is the most prevalent plasmid -mediated fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance mechanism in Enterobacteriaceae. We aimed to analyse the interplay between this plasmid -mediated gene and chromosomal -mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms on both FQ resistance and bacterial fitness in Escherichia coli. E. coli ATCC 25922 and derived isogenic strains carrying chromosomal -mediated quinolone resistance modifications (Ser83Leu-Asp87Asn in GyrA, Ser80Arg in ParC and/or a marR gene deletion) were electroporated with a pBK-CMV vector encoding AAC(6')-Ib-cr. The MICs of FQs were determined by microdilution and bactericidal activity was determined using time-kill curves. A peritoneal sepsis murine model was used to evaluate the in vivo impact. Bacterial fitness was analysed using growth curves and competition assays. The presence of the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene increased the MICs of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin 4-8-fold for all E. coli genotypes, independently of the initial resistance level. Combination of the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene with three or four chromosomal mechanisms was necessary to reach MIC values above the susceptible category. Killing curve assays showed a clear selective advantage for survival in strains harbouring the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene (up to 7 log10 cfu/mL after 24 h). AAC(6')-Ib-cr significantly reduced the ciprofloxacin efficacy in vivo. In terms of bacterial fitness cost, maximal OD was significantly lower for all strains harbouring the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene, independently of chromosomal mutations associated. The aac(6')-Ib-cr gene, in spite of producing low-level resistance by itself, plays a relevant role in acquisition of a clinical level of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin resistance, when combined with three or four chromosomal mutations, both in vitro and in vivo.
27494906	10	23	AAC(6')-Ib-cr	T116,T126	C0051639
27494906	44	55	chromosomal	T026	C0008633
27494906	66	76	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27494906	80	88	clinical	T080	C0205210
27494906	89	98	quinolone	T109	C0034428
27494906	99	109	resistance	T038	C0013203
27494906	113	129	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27494906	130	143	aac(6')-Ib-cr	T028	C0017337
27494906	166	173	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27494906	184	199	fluoroquinolone	T109,T121	C0949665
27494906	201	203	FQ	T109,T121	C0949665
27494906	205	225	resistance mechanism	T039	C1514892
27494906	229	247	Enterobacteriaceae	T007	C0014346
27494906	296	303	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27494906	314	318	gene	T028	C0017337
27494906	323	334	chromosomal	T026	C0008633
27494906	345	354	quinolone	T109	C0034428
27494906	355	376	resistance mechanisms	T039	C1514892
27494906	385	387	FQ	T109,T121	C0949665
27494906	388	398	resistance	T038	C0013203
27494906	403	412	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27494906	413	420	fitness	T045	C2717776
27494906	424	440	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27494906	442	460	E. coli ATCC 25922	T007	C0014834
27494906	473	489	isogenic strains	T001	C1512692
27494906	499	510	chromosomal	T026	C0008633
27494906	521	530	quinolone	T109	C0034428
27494906	531	541	resistance	T038	C0013203
27494906	542	555	modifications	T063	C4277689
27494906	557	574	Ser83Leu-Asp87Asn	T045	C0026882
27494906	578	582	GyrA	T116,T126	C0949782
27494906	584	592	Ser80Arg	T045	C0026882
27494906	596	600	ParC	T116,T126	C0209525
27494906	610	628	marR gene deletion	T045	C0017260
27494906	635	649	electroporated	T059	C0206691
27494906	657	664	pBK-CMV	T114,T123	C0032136
27494906	665	671	vector	T114	C0017397
27494906	672	680	encoding	T052	C2700640
27494906	681	694	AAC(6')-Ib-cr	T116,T126	C0051639
27494906	700	704	MICs	T034	C1304747
27494906	708	711	FQs	T109,T121	C0949665
27494906	731	744	microdilution	T059	C0201207
27494906	749	770	bactericidal activity	T039	C0544570
27494906	792	808	time-kill curves	T081	C0683162
27494906	812	842	peritoneal sepsis murine model	T008	C0599779
27494906	868	875	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27494906	884	893	Bacterial	T007	C0004611
27494906	894	901	fitness	T045	C2717776
27494906	939	957	competition assays	T059	C0005507
27494906	979	997	aac(6')-Ib-cr gene	T028	C0017337
27494906	1012	1016	MICs	T034	C1304747
27494906	1020	1033	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
27494906	1038	1049	norfloxacin	T109,T195	C0028365
27494906	1067	1074	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27494906	1075	1084	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27494906	1115	1125	resistance	T038	C0013203
27494906	1152	1170	aac(6')-Ib-cr gene	T028	C0017337
27494906	1190	1201	chromosomal	T026	C0008633
27494906	1202	1212	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27494906	1236	1246	MIC values	T034	C1304747
27494906	1279	1299	Killing curve assays	T081	C0683162
27494906	1339	1347	survival	T052	C0038952
27494906	1351	1358	strains	T080	C0456178
27494906	1374	1392	aac(6')-Ib-cr gene	T028	C0017337
27494906	1428	1441	AAC(6')-Ib-cr	T116,T126	C0051639
27494906	1468	1481	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
27494906	1491	1498	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27494906	1512	1521	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27494906	1522	1534	fitness cost	T045	C2717776
27494906	1579	1586	strains	T080	C0456178
27494906	1602	1620	aac(6')-Ib-cr gene	T028	C0017337
27494906	1639	1660	chromosomal mutations	T049	C0948447
27494906	1677	1695	aac(6')-Ib-cr gene	T028	C0017337
27494906	1729	1739	resistance	T038	C0013203
27494906	1793	1801	clinical	T080	C0205210
27494906	1802	1807	level	T080	C0441889
27494906	1811	1824	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
27494906	1829	1840	norfloxacin	T109,T195	C0028365
27494906	1841	1851	resistance	T038	C0013203
27494906	1886	1907	chromosomal mutations	T049	C0948447
27494906	1914	1922	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27494906	1927	1934	in vivo	T082	C1515655

27494907|t|Cluster - dependent colistin hetero-resistance in Enterobacter cloacae complex
27494907|a|Aims of this study were to: (i) evaluate whether the cluster membership could have an impact on hetero-resistance phenotype to colistin in the Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC); and (ii) determine the genetic mechanism of colistin hetero-resistance in ECC. A collection of 124 clinical isolates belonging to 13 clusters were used to analyse the hetero-resistance phenotype (MICs were determined using the broth microdilution method, Etest and population analysis profiling). Different mutants (ΔphoP, ΔphoQ, ΔphoPQ, ΔpmrA, ΔpmrB, ΔpmrAB, ΔarnE, ΔarnF and ΔarnBCADTEF) were constructed and tested for their colistin hetero-resistance phenotype. Based on broth microdilution and Etest results, it was shown that the hetero-resistance to colistin depended on the cluster: strains from clusters I, II, IV, VII, IX, X, XI and XII were usually hetero-resistant, whereas those from clusters III, V, VI, VIII and XIII were categorized as susceptible. However, for some cluster V and VIII strains, a small proportion (<10(-7)) of cells appeared resistant when tested by population analysis profiling. From a mechanistic point of view, analysis of mutants revealed that the mechanism of hetero-resistance was mainly due to the expression of the arn operon and the phoP / phoQ two-component regulatory system. Because the colistin hetero-resistance appeared cluster - dependent in the ECC, it should be advocated to determine the cluster of the strain associated with the infection in parallel with the MIC of colistin. The resistance mechanism may not be similar to other Enterobacteriaceae since only the two-component regulatory system PhoP / PhoQ (and not PmrA / PmrB) seemed to play a role in resistance regulation.
27494907	0	7	Cluster	T081	C1704332
27494907	10	19	dependent	T080	C0851827
27494907	20	28	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
27494907	29	46	hetero-resistance	T169	C4281815
27494907	50	78	Enterobacter cloacae complex	T007	C0085484
27494907	111	119	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27494907	132	139	cluster	T081	C1704332
27494907	165	171	impact	T080	C4049986
27494907	175	192	hetero-resistance	T169	C4281815
27494907	193	202	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27494907	206	214	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
27494907	222	250	Enterobacter cloacae complex	T007	C0085484
27494907	252	255	ECC	T007	C0085484
27494907	281	288	genetic	T169	C0314603
27494907	289	298	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27494907	302	310	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
27494907	311	328	hetero-resistance	T169	C4281815
27494907	332	335	ECC	T007	C0085484
27494907	339	349	collection	T169	C1516698
27494907	357	365	clinical	T080	C0205210
27494907	366	374	isolates	T123	C1764827
27494907	391	399	clusters	T081	C1704332
27494907	413	420	analyse	T062	C0936012
27494907	425	442	hetero-resistance	T169	C4281815
27494907	443	452	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27494907	454	458	MICs	T059	C0427978
27494907	464	480	determined using	T080	C0521095
27494907	485	511	broth microdilution method	T059	C0441667
27494907	513	518	Etest	T059	C3850116
27494907	523	552	population analysis profiling	T059	C0022885
27494907	555	564	Different	T080	C1705242
27494907	565	572	mutants	T049	C0596988
27494907	574	579	ΔphoP	T028	C0678941
27494907	581	586	ΔphoQ	T028	C0678941
27494907	588	594	ΔphoPQ	T028	C0678941
27494907	596	601	ΔpmrA	T028	C0678941
27494907	603	608	ΔpmrB	T028	C0678941
27494907	610	616	ΔpmrAB	T028	C0678941
27494907	618	623	ΔarnE	T028	C0678941
27494907	625	630	ΔarnF	T028	C0678941
27494907	635	646	ΔarnBCADTEF	T028	C0678941
27494907	653	664	constructed	T169	C1522492
27494907	669	675	tested	T169	C0039593
27494907	686	694	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
27494907	695	712	hetero-resistance	T169	C4281815
27494907	713	722	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27494907	733	752	broth microdilution	T059	C0441667
27494907	757	762	Etest	T059	C3850116
27494907	763	770	results	T034	C0456984
27494907	794	811	hetero-resistance	T169	C4281815
27494907	815	823	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
27494907	840	847	cluster	T081	C1704332
27494907	849	856	strains	T001	C1518614
27494907	862	870	clusters	T081	C1704332
27494907	918	934	hetero-resistant	T169	C4281815
27494907	955	963	clusters	T081	C1704332
27494907	995	1006	categorized	T052	C0871968
27494907	1010	1021	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27494907	1041	1048	cluster	T081	C1704332
27494907	1060	1067	strains	T001	C1518614
27494907	1071	1076	small	T081	C0700321
27494907	1077	1087	proportion	T081	C1709707
27494907	1101	1106	cells	T025	C0007634
27494907	1116	1125	resistant	T169	C0332325
27494907	1131	1137	tested	T169	C0039593
27494907	1206	1214	analysis	T062	C0936012
27494907	1218	1225	mutants	T049	C0596988
27494907	1226	1234	revealed	T080	C0443289
27494907	1244	1253	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27494907	1257	1274	hetero-resistance	T169	C4281815
27494907	1297	1307	expression	T045	C0017262
27494907	1315	1325	arn operon	T028	C0029073
27494907	1334	1338	phoP	T116,T123	C1429451
27494907	1341	1345	phoQ	T116,T123	C1437563
27494907	1346	1377	two-component regulatory system	T123	C0574031
27494907	1391	1399	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
27494907	1400	1417	hetero-resistance	T169	C4281815
27494907	1427	1434	cluster	T081	C1704332
27494907	1437	1446	dependent	T080	C0851827
27494907	1454	1457	ECC	T007	C0085484
27494907	1499	1506	cluster	T081	C1704332
27494907	1514	1520	strain	T001	C1518614
27494907	1521	1536	associated with	T080	C0332281
27494907	1541	1550	infection	T046	C3714514
27494907	1572	1575	MIC	T059	C0427978
27494907	1579	1587	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
27494907	1593	1603	resistance	T169	C4281815
27494907	1604	1613	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27494907	1642	1660	Enterobacteriaceae	T007	C0014346
27494907	1676	1707	two-component regulatory system	T123	C0574031
27494907	1708	1712	PhoP	T116,T123	C1429451
27494907	1715	1719	PhoQ	T116,T123	C1437563
27494907	1729	1733	PmrA	T116,T123	C1429861
27494907	1736	1740	PmrB	T116,T123	C1449385
27494907	1767	1777	resistance	T169	C4281815
27494907	1778	1788	regulation	T038	C1327622

27494908|t|Management of skin and soft-tissue infections at a community teaching hospital using a severity-of-illness tool
27494908|a|Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a diverse range of infections of varying severity. The Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team (CREST) scoring system stratifies patients into four classes (I = least severe to IV = most severe) based on the Standardized Early Warning Score (SEWS). The objective of this study was to apply CREST to hospitalized patients with SSTIs in order to quantify disease severity and evaluate appropriateness of antibiotic management. This was a retrospective, hypothesis -generating, single-centre evaluation of hospitalized patients with SSTIs admitted in 2011. Based on CREST classification, the empirical antimicrobial choices were categorized as appropriate, over-treatment or under-treatment. A total of 369 patients were screened and 200 met the inclusion criteria. The majority of patients were classified as either CREST class I (n = 68) or class I I (n = 102). Over-treatment was more common in the less severe classes (88% and 32% in class I and class II, respectively; P < 0.05). Sixty-three percent of class I (n = 43) were over-treated due to both the use of intravenous antibiotic s when oral therapy was sufficient and use of unnecessarily broad-spectrum antibiotics. In contrast, 25% (n = 26) of class II were over-treated due to use of unnecessarily broad-spectrum antibiotics. Overall clinical failure rates remained low with only 1%, 4% and 17% of patients unable to achieve initial response in class II, class III and class IV. Retrospective application of CREST identified opportunities to improve the management of SSTIs. CREST can be of great value in discriminating less- severe SSTIs, which can be treated on an outpatient basis.
27494908	0	10	Management	T058	C0376636
27494908	14	45	skin and soft-tissue infections	T047	C0852000
27494908	61	78	teaching hospital	T073,T093	C0020027
27494908	87	111	severity-of-illness tool	T169	C0449851
27494908	112	143	Skin and soft-tissue infections	T047	C0852000
27494908	145	150	SSTIs	T047	C0852000
27494908	164	171	diverse	T080	C1880371
27494908	172	177	range	T081	C1514721
27494908	181	191	infections	T046	C3714514
27494908	203	211	severity	T080	C0439793
27494908	217	281	Clinical Resource Efficiency Support Team (CREST) scoring system	T170	C0162791
27494908	282	292	stratifies	T185	C0008902
27494908	293	301	patients	T101	C0030705
27494908	312	319	classes	T185	C0008902
27494908	331	337	severe	T080	C0205082
27494908	351	357	severe	T080	C0205082
27494908	372	404	Standardized Early Warning Score	T170	C2919819
27494908	406	410	SEWS	T170	C2919819
27494908	417	426	objective	T078	C2985627
27494908	435	440	study	T062	C2603343
27494908	454	459	CREST	T170	C0162791
27494908	463	484	hospitalized patients	T101	C0870668
27494908	490	495	SSTIs	T047	C0852000
27494908	517	533	disease severity	T080	C0521117
27494908	538	546	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27494908	566	576	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27494908	600	613	retrospective	T062	C0035363
27494908	615	625	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27494908	653	663	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27494908	667	688	hospitalized patients	T101	C0870668
27494908	694	699	SSTIs	T047	C0852000
27494908	700	708	admitted	T058	C0184666
27494908	727	732	CREST	T170	C0162791
27494908	753	762	empirical	T080	C1880496
27494908	763	776	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
27494908	790	801	categorized	T052	C0871968
27494908	818	832	over-treatment	T058	C4046039
27494908	836	851	under-treatment	T061	C0087111
27494908	868	876	patients	T101	C0030705
27494908	907	925	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27494908	943	951	patients	T101	C0030705
27494908	957	967	classified	T185	C0008902
27494908	978	983	CREST	T170	C0162791
27494908	984	991	class I	T185	C1550329
27494908	1004	1011	class I	T185	C1550329
27494908	1025	1039	Over-treatment	T058	C4046039
27494908	1068	1074	severe	T080	C0205082
27494908	1075	1082	classes	T185	C0008902
27494908	1099	1106	class I	T185	C1550329
27494908	1111	1119	class II	T185	C1550329
27494908	1158	1165	percent	T081	C0439165
27494908	1169	1176	class I	T185	C1550329
27494908	1191	1203	over-treated	T058	C4046039
27494908	1227	1238	intravenous	T169	C1522726
27494908	1239	1249	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27494908	1257	1269	oral therapy	T061	C0559681
27494908	1310	1336	broad-spectrum antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27494908	1367	1375	class II	T185	C1550329
27494908	1381	1393	over-treated	T058	C4046039
27494908	1422	1448	broad-spectrum antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27494908	1458	1474	clinical failure	T033	C3640841
27494908	1522	1530	patients	T101	C0030705
27494908	1557	1565	response	T201	C0521982
27494908	1569	1577	class II	T185	C1550329
27494908	1579	1588	class III	T185	C1550329
27494908	1593	1601	class IV	T185	C1550329
27494908	1603	1616	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
27494908	1617	1628	application	T058	C0185125
27494908	1632	1637	CREST	T170	C0162791
27494908	1678	1688	management	T058	C0376636
27494908	1692	1697	SSTIs	T047	C0852000
27494908	1699	1704	CREST	T170	C0162791
27494908	1751	1757	severe	T080	C0205082
27494908	1758	1763	SSTIs	T047	C0852000
27494908	1778	1785	treated	T061	C0087111
27494908	1792	1802	outpatient	T101	C0029921

27494909|t|Levels of bone markers in a population of infants exposed in utero and during breastfeeding to tenofovir within an Option B+ programme in Malawi
27494909|a|No data are available on bone metabolism in infants exposed to tenofovir during breastfeeding. We investigated bone metabolism markers in the first year of life in infants from mothers who received tenofovir, lamivudine and efavirenz during pregnancy and 12 months of breastfeeding in a national Option B+ programme in Malawi. Serum samples collected at 6 and 12 months in tenofovir - exposed infants and in a small sample of tenofovir - unexposed infants from the same clinical centre were analysed in batches for levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP; marker of bone formation) and of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX; marker of bone resorption). Overall, 136 tenofovir - exposed infants were evaluated. No infant had at either timepoint CTX values above the upper normal limit, while most of them had at 6 and 12 months levels of BAP above the upper normal limit for the age range. Levels of bone markers showed no differences by gender and no association with growth parameters. Tenofovir - unexposed and - exposed children had similar mean levels of bone markers at 6 months (CTX: 0.62 versus 0.55 ng/mL, P = 0.122; BAP: 384 versus 362 U/L, P = 0.631). No significant association between treatment with tenofovir and CTX or BAP levels was found. The high levels of BAP, coupled to the normal levels observed for CTX, might reflect primarily skeletal growth. Potential negative effects of prolonged exposure to tenofovir through breastfeeding cannot however be excluded and longitudinal studies that evaluate bone mineralization status in children enrolled in Option B+ programmes are warranted.
27494909	0	6	Levels	T080	C0441889
27494909	10	14	bone	T024	C0391978
27494909	15	22	markers	T201	C0005516
27494909	28	38	population	T098	C1257890
27494909	42	57	infants exposed	T101	C0683996
27494909	58	66	in utero	T100	C1708480
27494909	78	91	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
27494909	95	104	tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	115	134	Option B+ programme	T058	C1254363
27494909	138	144	Malawi	T083	C0024548
27494909	145	152	No data	T080	C1546437
27494909	170	185	bone metabolism	T042	C0596204
27494909	189	204	infants exposed	T101	C0683996
27494909	208	217	tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	225	238	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
27494909	243	255	investigated	T169	C1292732
27494909	256	271	bone metabolism	T042	C0596204
27494909	272	279	markers	T201	C0005516
27494909	293	297	year	T079	C0439234
27494909	301	305	life	T078	C0376558
27494909	309	316	infants	T100	C0021270
27494909	322	329	mothers	T099	C0026591
27494909	343	352	tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	354	364	lamivudine	T114,T121	C0209738
27494909	369	378	efavirenz	T109,T121	C0674428
27494909	386	395	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27494909	403	409	months	T079	C0439231
27494909	413	426	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
27494909	432	460	national Option B+ programme	T058	C1254363
27494909	464	470	Malawi	T083	C0024548
27494909	472	477	Serum	T031	C0229671
27494909	478	485	samples	T167	C0370003
27494909	508	514	months	T079	C0439231
27494909	518	527	tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	530	545	exposed infants	T101	C0683996
27494909	555	567	small sample	T081	C0242618
27494909	571	580	tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	583	600	unexposed infants	T098	C2349018
27494909	615	630	clinical centre	T073,T093	C0442592
27494909	636	644	analysed	T062	C0936012
27494909	648	655	batches	T081	C1948031
27494909	660	666	levels	T080	C0441889
27494909	670	704	bone-specific alkaline phosphatase	T116,T126	C0312399
27494909	706	709	BAP	T116,T126	C0312399
27494909	711	717	marker	T201	C0005516
27494909	721	735	bone formation	T042	C0029433
27494909	744	785	C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen	T116	C0631180
27494909	787	790	CTX	T116	C0631180
27494909	792	798	marker	T201	C0005516
27494909	802	817	bone resorption	T042	C0005974
27494909	833	842	tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	845	860	exposed infants	T098	C2348484
27494909	866	875	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27494909	880	886	infant	T100	C0021270
27494909	901	910	timepoint	T079	C2348792
27494909	911	914	CTX	T116	C0631180
27494909	915	921	values	T080	C0042295
27494909	932	950	upper normal limit	T081	C1519815
27494909	987	993	months	T079	C0439231
27494909	994	1000	levels	T080	C0441889
27494909	1004	1007	BAP	T116,T126	C0312399
27494909	1018	1036	upper normal limit	T081	C1519815
27494909	1045	1048	age	T032	C0001779
27494909	1049	1054	range	T081	C1514721
27494909	1066	1070	bone	T024	C0391978
27494909	1071	1078	markers	T201	C0005516
27494909	1089	1100	differences	T080	C1705242
27494909	1104	1110	gender	T032	C0079399
27494909	1118	1129	association	T080	C0332281
27494909	1135	1152	growth parameters	T033	C2012645
27494909	1154	1163	Tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	1166	1175	unexposed	T098	C2349018
27494909	1182	1198	exposed children	T098	C2348484
27494909	1203	1210	similar	T080	C2348205
27494909	1211	1215	mean	T081	C0444504
27494909	1216	1222	levels	T080	C0441889
27494909	1226	1230	bone	T024	C0391978
27494909	1231	1238	markers	T201	C0005516
27494909	1244	1250	months	T079	C0439231
27494909	1252	1255	CTX	T116	C0631180
27494909	1292	1295	BAP	T116,T126	C0312399
27494909	1329	1343	No significant	T033	C3694175
27494909	1344	1355	association	T080	C0332281
27494909	1364	1373	treatment	T061	C0087111
27494909	1379	1388	tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	1379	1388	tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	1393	1396	CTX	T116	C0631180
27494909	1400	1403	BAP	T116,T126	C0312399
27494909	1404	1410	levels	T080	C0441889
27494909	1426	1430	high	T080	C0205250
27494909	1431	1437	levels	T080	C0441889
27494909	1441	1444	BAP	T116,T126	C0312399
27494909	1461	1467	normal	T080	C0205307
27494909	1468	1474	levels	T080	C0441889
27494909	1475	1483	observed	T169	C1441672
27494909	1488	1491	CTX	T116	C0631180
27494909	1517	1525	skeletal	T022	C0037253
27494909	1526	1532	growth	T040	C0018270
27494909	1534	1543	Potential	T080	C3245505
27494909	1544	1552	negative	T033	C0205160
27494909	1553	1560	effects	T080	C1280500
27494909	1564	1573	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27494909	1574	1585	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27494909	1586	1595	tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	1586	1595	tenofovir	T114,T121	C0384228
27494909	1604	1617	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
27494909	1604	1617	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
27494909	1636	1644	excluded	T052	C2828389
27494909	1649	1669	longitudinal studies	T062	C0023981
27494909	1675	1683	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27494909	1684	1703	bone mineralization	T042	C2350989
27494909	1704	1710	status	T080	C0449438
27494909	1714	1722	children	T100	C0008059
27494909	1735	1755	Option B+ programmes	T058	C1254363

27495798|t|Breakthrough viridans streptococcal bacteremia in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients receiving levofloxacin prophylaxis in a Japanese hospital
27495798|a|Breakthrough viridans streptococcal bacteremia (VSB) in patients with hematological malignancy receiving levofloxacin prophylaxis is a major blood stream infection (BSI) occurring during febrile neutropenia. However, clinical data focused on VSB in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) recipients are lacking. The medical records of allo-HSCT recipients who received oral levofloxacin prophylaxis between January 2011 and August 2013 at Toranomon Hospital were reviewed to evaluate breakthrough VSB. Stored viridans streptococcal (VGS) species were identified by using sodA gene sequencing, and were assessed for drug susceptibility. Among the 184 allo-HSCT recipients on levofloxacin prophylaxis, 28 (15.2 %) experienced breakthrough VSB. All of the 28 recipients with VSB were treated with a cefepime - based or piperacillin/tazobactam - based regimen. The susceptibility rates of the VGS strains for levofloxacin, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, and vancomycin were 0 %, 95 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 100 %, respectively. Both the MIC50 (minimum inhibitory concentration) and the MIC90 of ceftazidim (0.5 μg/mL and 2 μg/mL, respectively) were higher than the MIC90 of all the other anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams (APBLs). Only 1 VGS strain had a penicillin MIC ≥ 2 μg/mL by the Etest (3.6 %). There were no cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that was associated with VSB, although the rate of viridans group streptococcal shock syndrome was high (26 %). The crude 30-day mortality rate in the VSB group (10.7 %) did not differ significantly from that in the BSI without VSB group (9.3 %) or non - BSI group (7.0 %) (P = 0.77). Also, VSB was not a risk factor for all-cause mortality up to 60 days following allo-HSCT (P = 0.43). APBL with increased anti-VGS activity (APBL-VA) monotherapy would typically be optimal for treating the VGS strains in this setting. Indication of adding an empiric anti-gram-positive agent to APBL-VA for treating VSB should depend on local factors, such as the susceptibility results. In addition, breakthrough VSB is probably not a major cause of death in allo-HSCT settings, where beta-lactam non-susceptible VGS and the ARDS are rare.
27495798	0	12	Breakthrough	T080	C0444503
27495798	13	46	viridans streptococcal bacteremia	T047	C0152965
27495798	50	95	allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant	T061	C4255274
27495798	96	106	recipients	T101	C0376387
27495798	107	116	receiving	T080	C1514756
27495798	117	129	levofloxacin	T109,T195	C0282386
27495798	130	141	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
27495798	147	155	Japanese	T083	C0022341
27495798	156	164	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27495798	165	177	Breakthrough	T080	C0444503
27495798	178	211	viridans streptococcal bacteremia	T047	C0152965
27495798	213	216	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	221	229	patients	T101	C0030705
27495798	235	259	hematological malignancy	T191	C0376545
27495798	260	269	receiving	T080	C1514756
27495798	270	282	levofloxacin	T109,T195	C0282386
27495798	283	294	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
27495798	300	305	major	T080	C0205164
27495798	306	328	blood stream infection	T047	C0004610
27495798	330	333	BSI	T047	C0004610
27495798	335	344	occurring	T052	C1709305
27495798	345	351	during	T079	C0347984
27495798	352	371	febrile neutropenia	T047	C0746883
27495798	382	395	clinical data	T170	C1516606
27495798	396	403	focused	T169	C1285542
27495798	407	410	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	414	459	allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant	T061	C4255274
27495798	461	470	allo-HSCT	T061	C4255274
27495798	472	482	recipients	T101	C0376387
27495798	487	494	lacking	T080	C0332268
27495798	500	515	medical records	T170	C0025102
27495798	519	528	allo-HSCT	T061	C4255274
27495798	529	539	recipients	T101	C0376387
27495798	544	552	received	T080	C1514756
27495798	553	557	oral	T169	C1527415
27495798	558	570	levofloxacin	T109,T195	C0282386
27495798	571	582	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
27495798	623	641	Toranomon Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27495798	647	655	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27495798	659	667	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27495798	668	680	breakthrough	T080	C0444503
27495798	681	684	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	693	715	viridans streptococcal	T007	C1140704
27495798	717	720	VGS	T007	C1140704
27495798	722	729	species	T185	C1705920
27495798	735	745	identified	T080	C0205396
27495798	749	754	using	T169	C1524063
27495798	755	764	sodA gene	T028	C0017337
27495798	765	775	sequencing	T059	C1294197
27495798	786	794	assessed	T052	C1516048
27495798	799	818	drug susceptibility	T038	C1326871
27495798	834	843	allo-HSCT	T061	C4255274
27495798	844	854	recipients	T101	C0376387
27495798	858	870	levofloxacin	T109,T195	C0282386
27495798	871	882	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
27495798	908	920	breakthrough	T080	C0444503
27495798	921	924	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	940	950	recipients	T101	C0376387
27495798	956	959	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	965	972	treated	T169	C1522326
27495798	980	988	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
27495798	991	996	based	T169	C1527178
27495798	1000	1023	piperacillin/tazobactam	T121	C0250480
27495798	1026	1031	based	T169	C1527178
27495798	1032	1039	regimen	T061	C0040808
27495798	1045	1059	susceptibility	T038	C1326871
27495798	1060	1065	rates	T081	C1521828
27495798	1073	1076	VGS	T007	C1140704
27495798	1077	1084	strains	T001	C1518614
27495798	1089	1101	levofloxacin	T109,T195	C0282386
27495798	1103	1111	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
27495798	1113	1136	piperacillin/tazobactam	T121	C0250480
27495798	1138	1147	meropenem	T109,T195	C0066005
27495798	1153	1163	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
27495798	1228	1233	MIC50	T059	C0427978
27495798	1235	1267	minimum inhibitory concentration	T059	C0427978
27495798	1277	1282	MIC90	T059	C0427978
27495798	1286	1296	ceftazidim	T109,T195	C0007559
27495798	1340	1346	higher	T080	C0205250
27495798	1356	1361	MIC90	T059	C0427978
27495798	1379	1408	anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams	T121	C1254351
27495798	1410	1415	APBLs	T121	C1254351
27495798	1425	1428	VGS	T007	C1140704
27495798	1429	1435	strain	T001	C1518614
27495798	1442	1452	penicillin	T109,T195	C0220892
27495798	1453	1456	MIC	T059	C0427978
27495798	1474	1479	Etest	T059	C3850116
27495798	1500	1502	no	T169	C1518422
27495798	1503	1508	cases	T169	C0868928
27495798	1514	1549	acute respiratory distress syndrome	T033	C1848829
27495798	1551	1555	ARDS	T033	C1848829
27495798	1566	1581	associated with	T080	C0332281
27495798	1582	1585	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	1600	1604	rate	T081	C1521828
27495798	1608	1651	viridans group streptococcal shock syndrome	T047	C0152965
27495798	1656	1660	high	T080	C0205250
27495798	1679	1685	30-day	T079	C0439228
27495798	1686	1700	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27495798	1708	1711	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	1712	1717	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27495798	1731	1734	not	T169	C1518422
27495798	1735	1741	differ	T080	C1705242
27495798	1742	1755	significantly	T078	C0750502
27495798	1773	1776	BSI	T047	C0004610
27495798	1777	1784	without	T080	C0332288
27495798	1785	1788	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	1789	1794	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27495798	1806	1809	non	T169	C1518422
27495798	1812	1815	BSI	T047	C0004610
27495798	1816	1821	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27495798	1848	1851	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	1856	1859	not	T169	C1518422
27495798	1862	1873	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27495798	1888	1897	mortality	T081	C0205848
27495798	1904	1911	60 days	T079	C0439228
27495798	1912	1921	following	T079	C0332282
27495798	1922	1931	allo-HSCT	T061	C4255274
27495798	1944	1948	APBL	T121	C1254351
27495798	1954	1963	increased	T081	C0205217
27495798	1964	1981	anti-VGS activity	T033	C0243095
27495798	1983	1990	APBL-VA	T033	C0243095
27495798	1992	2003	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
27495798	2023	2030	optimal	T080	C2698651
27495798	2035	2043	treating	T169	C1522326
27495798	2048	2051	VGS	T007	C1140704
27495798	2052	2059	strains	T001	C1518614
27495798	2109	2133	anti-gram-positive agent	T121	C1254351
27495798	2137	2144	APBL-VA	T033	C0243095
27495798	2149	2157	treating	T169	C1522326
27495798	2158	2161	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	2179	2184	local	T082	C0205276
27495798	2185	2192	factors	T169	C1521761
27495798	2206	2220	susceptibility	T038	C1326871
27495798	2221	2228	results	T169	C1274040
27495798	2243	2255	breakthrough	T080	C0444503
27495798	2256	2259	VSB	T047	C0152965
27495798	2272	2275	not	T169	C1518422
27495798	2278	2283	major	T080	C0205164
27495798	2284	2298	cause of death	T033	C0007465
27495798	2302	2311	allo-HSCT	T061	C4255274
27495798	2328	2339	beta-lactam	T109,T195	C0282215
27495798	2340	2359	non-susceptible VGS	T007	C1140704
27495798	2368	2372	ARDS	T033	C1848829
27495798	2377	2381	rare	T080	C0522498

27496388|t|Enforcement of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act, 2005 to 2014
27496388|a|We determine the incidence of and trends in enforcement of the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) during the past decade. We obtained a comprehensive list of all EMTALA investigations conducted between 2005 and 2014 directly from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) through a Freedom of Information Act request. Characteristics of EMTALA investigations and resulting citation for violations during the study period are described. Between 2005 and 2014, there were 4,772 investigations, of which 2,118 (44%) resulted in citations for EMTALA deficiencies at 1,498 (62%) of 2,417 hospitals investigated. Investigations were conducted at 43% of hospitals with CMS provider agreements, and citations issued at 27%. On average, 9% of hospitals were investigated and 4.3% were cited for EMTALA violation annually. The proportion of hospitals subject to EMTALA investigation decreased from 10.8% to 7.2%, and citations from 5.3% to 3.2%, between 2005 and 2014. There were 3.9 EMTALA investigations and 1.7 citations per million emergency department (ED) visits during the study period. We report the first national estimates of EMTALA enforcement activities in more than a decade. Although EMTALA investigations and citations were common at the hospital level, they were rare at the ED - visit level. CMS actively pursued EMTALA investigations and issued citations throughout the study period, with half of hospitals subject to EMTALA investigations and a quarter receiving a citation for EMTALA violation, although there was a declining trend in enforcement. Further investigation is needed to determine the effect of EMTALA on access to or quality of emergency care.
27496388	0	11	Enforcement	T064	C0162469
27496388	19	60	Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act	T089	C0728724
27496388	92	101	incidence	T081	C0021149
27496388	109	115	trends	T079	C1521798
27496388	119	130	enforcement	T064	C0162469
27496388	138	179	Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act	T089	C0728724
27496388	181	187	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	253	259	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	260	274	investigations	T058	C1261322
27496388	325	365	Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services	T093	C0041718
27496388	367	370	CMS	T093	C0041718
27496388	382	416	Freedom of Information Act request	T169	C0949572
27496388	437	443	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	444	458	investigations	T058	C1261322
27496388	473	481	citation	UnknownType	C0680703
27496388	486	496	violations	T033	C0243095
27496388	576	590	investigations	T058	C1261322
27496388	625	634	citations	UnknownType	C0680703
27496388	639	645	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	646	658	deficiencies	T169	C0011155
27496388	683	692	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27496388	747	756	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27496388	762	765	CMS	T093	C0041718
27496388	791	800	citations	UnknownType	C0680703
27496388	834	843	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27496388	886	892	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	893	902	violation	T033	C0243095
27496388	931	940	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27496388	952	958	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	959	972	investigation	T058	C1261322
27496388	1074	1080	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	1081	1095	investigations	T058	C1261322
27496388	1104	1113	citations	UnknownType	C0680703
27496388	1126	1146	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27496388	1147	1150	(ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27496388	1152	1158	visits	T053	C0545082
27496388	1204	1212	national	T092	C0015737
27496388	1213	1222	estimates	T081	C0750572
27496388	1226	1232	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	1233	1255	enforcement activities	T033	C4036252
27496388	1288	1294	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	1295	1309	investigations	T058	C1261322
27496388	1314	1323	citations	UnknownType	C0680703
27496388	1343	1357	hospital level	T058	C0545092
27496388	1381	1383	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27496388	1386	1397	visit level	T078	C1548589
27496388	1399	1402	CMS	T093	C0041718
27496388	1420	1426	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	1427	1441	investigations	T058	C1261322
27496388	1505	1514	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27496388	1526	1532	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	1533	1547	investigations	T058	C1261322
27496388	1574	1582	citation	UnknownType	C0680703
27496388	1587	1593	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	1594	1603	violation	T033	C0243095
27496388	1626	1635	declining	T080	C1511741
27496388	1636	1641	trend	T079	C1521798
27496388	1645	1656	enforcement	T064	C0162469
27496388	1666	1679	investigation	T058	C1261322
27496388	1717	1723	EMTALA	T089	C0728724
27496388	1751	1765	emergency care	T058	C0013961

27496995|t|A new and consistent parameter for measuring the quality of multivariate analytical methods: Generalized analytical sensitivity
27496995|a|Generalized analytical sensitivity (γ) is proposed as a new figure of merit, which can be estimated from a multivariate calibration data set. It can be confidently applied to compare different calibration methodologies, and helps to solve literature inconsistencies on the relationship between classical sensitivity and prediction error. In contrast to the classical plain sensitivity, γ incorporates the noise properties in its definition, and its inverse is well correlated with root mean square errors of prediction in the presence of general noise structures. The proposal is supported by studying simulated and experimental first-order multivariate calibration systems with various models, namely multiple linear regression, principal component regression (PCR) and maximum likelihood PCR (MLPCR). The simulations included instrumental noise of different types: independently and identically distributed (iid), correlated (pink) and proportional noise, while the experimental data carried noise which is clearly non-iid.
27496995	2	5	new	T080	C0205314
27496995	10	20	consistent	T078	C0332290
27496995	21	30	parameter	T077	C0549193
27496995	35	44	measuring	T081	C0079809
27496995	49	56	quality	T080	C0332306
27496995	60	91	multivariate analytical methods	T081	C0026777
27496995	93	127	Generalized analytical sensitivity	T081	C0392762
27496995	128	162	Generalized analytical sensitivity	T081	C0392762
27496995	164	165	γ	T081	C0392762
27496995	184	187	new	T080	C0205314
27496995	198	203	merit	T080	C0332306
27496995	218	227	estimated	T081	C0750572
27496995	235	268	multivariate calibration data set	T170	C0150098
27496995	280	291	confidently	T080	C0205423
27496995	292	299	applied	T169	C4048755
27496995	303	310	compare	T052	C1707455
27496995	311	332	different calibration	T081	C0006751
27496995	333	346	methodologies	T078	C3266812
27496995	352	357	helps	T080	C1269765
27496995	361	366	solve	T077	C2699488
27496995	367	377	literature	T170	C0023866
27496995	378	393	inconsistencies	T080	C0442809
27496995	401	413	relationship	T080	C0439849
27496995	422	431	classical	T080	C0439858
27496995	432	443	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27496995	448	464	prediction error	T033	C0871118
27496995	469	477	contrast	T080	C1979874
27496995	485	494	classical	T080	C0439858
27496995	501	512	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27496995	514	515	γ	T081	C0392762
27496995	516	528	incorporates	T169	C0243126
27496995	533	549	noise properties	T067	C0028263
27496995	557	567	definition	T170	C1704788
27496995	577	584	inverse	T080	C0439850
27496995	593	603	correlated	T080	C1707520
27496995	609	625	root mean square	T081	C2347976
27496995	626	646	errors of prediction	T033	C0871118
27496995	654	662	presence	T033	C0150312
27496995	674	690	noise structures	T067	C0028263
27496995	696	704	proposal	T170	C0035174
27496995	721	729	studying	T062	C2603343
27496995	730	739	simulated	T062	C0679083
27496995	744	756	experimental	T080	C1517586
27496995	757	801	first-order multivariate calibration systems	T081	C0006751
27496995	807	821	various models	T170	C3161035
27496995	830	856	multiple linear regression	T081	C0023733
27496995	858	888	principal component regression	T081	C0392762
27496995	890	893	PCR	T081	C0392762
27496995	899	921	maximum likelihood PCR	T081	C0392762
27496995	923	928	MLPCR	T081	C0392762
27496995	935	946	simulations	T062	C0679083
27496995	956	968	instrumental	T073	C3273359
27496995	969	974	noise	T067	C0028263
27496995	978	987	different	T080	C1705242
27496995	988	993	types	T080	C0332307
27496995	995	1008	independently	T033	C1299583
27496995	1013	1024	identically	T080	C0205280
27496995	1025	1036	distributed	T169	C1704711
27496995	1038	1041	iid	T169	C1704711
27496995	1044	1054	correlated	T080	C1707520
27496995	1056	1060	pink	T080	C0332585
27496995	1066	1078	proportional	T080	C0332585
27496995	1079	1084	noise	T067	C0028263
27496995	1096	1108	experimental	T080	C1517586
27496995	1109	1113	data	T078	C1511726
27496995	1114	1121	carried	T033	C0699809
27496995	1122	1127	noise	T067	C0028263
27496995	1137	1144	clearly	T033	C0243095
27496995	1145	1152	non-iid	T169	C1704711

27497497|t|The lost art of the splenorrhaphy
27497497|a|In the case of the hemodynamically unstable child, splenorrhaphy is preferred to splenectomy to avert postsplenectomy sepsis. However, successful splenorrhaphy requires familiarity with the procedure. We sought to determine how many splenectomies or splenorrhaphies for trauma the average pediatric surgeon can be expected to perform during their career. The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) Database was queried for patients ≤18 years coded with an International Classification of Diseases 9th Edition diagnosis code of a splenic injury from 2004 to 2013. Age, gender, grade of splenic injury, and operations performed were extracted. Numbers of pediatric surgeons per hospital were obtained. 9567 children were identified. 2.1% underwent a splenectomy and 0.8% underwent a splenorrhaphy. The average surgeon performed 0.6 (SD=0.6) splenectomies and 0.2 (SD=0.4) splenorrhaphies for trauma. If these rates remain constant over time, the average surgeon would perform 1.8 (SD =1.7) splenectomies and 0.6 (SD =1.1) splenorrhaphies for trauma over a 30- year surgical career. Nonoperative management is associated with a host of benefits, but has resulted in a decrease in the experience level of the pediatric surgeons expected to perform an emergency splenectomy or splenorrhaphy when the unusual occasion arises.
27497497	20	33	splenorrhaphy	T061	C1261005
27497497	53	77	hemodynamically unstable	T047	C0948268
27497497	78	83	child	T100	C0008059
27497497	85	98	splenorrhaphy	T061	C1261005
27497497	115	126	splenectomy	T061	C0037995
27497497	136	151	postsplenectomy	T046	C3854596
27497497	152	158	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27497497	180	193	splenorrhaphy	T061	C1261005
27497497	203	214	familiarity	T041	C0600269
27497497	224	233	procedure	T061	C0087111
27497497	267	280	splenectomies	T061	C0037995
27497497	284	299	splenorrhaphies	T061	C1261005
27497497	304	310	trauma	T037	C3714660
27497497	323	340	pediatric surgeon	T097	C0586905
27497497	360	367	perform	T169	C0884358
27497497	381	387	career	T057	C0178534
27497497	393	444	Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) Database	T170	C0242356
27497497	461	469	patients	T101	C0030705
27497497	474	479	years	T079	C0439234
27497497	494	546	International Classification of Diseases 9th Edition	T170	C2346503
27497497	547	561	diagnosis code	T170	C1550350
27497497	567	581	splenic injury	T037	C0160405
27497497	601	604	Age	T032	C0001779
27497497	606	612	gender	T032	C0079399
27497497	614	619	grade	T185	C0441800
27497497	623	637	splenic injury	T037	C0160405
27497497	643	653	operations	T061	C0543467
27497497	654	663	performed	T169	C0884358
27497497	669	678	extracted	T078	C1516695
27497497	691	709	pediatric surgeons	T097	C0586905
27497497	714	722	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27497497	743	751	children	T100	C0008059
27497497	757	767	identified	T080	C0205396
27497497	786	797	splenectomy	T061	C0037995
27497497	819	832	splenorrhaphy	T061	C1261005
27497497	846	853	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27497497	854	863	performed	T169	C0884358
27497497	877	890	splenectomies	T061	C0037995
27497497	908	923	splenorrhaphies	T061	C1261005
27497497	928	934	trauma	T037	C3714660
27497497	945	950	rates	T081	C1521828
27497497	958	966	constant	T080	C1948059
27497497	990	997	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27497497	1004	1011	perform	T169	C0884358
27497497	1026	1039	splenectomies	T061	C0037995
27497497	1058	1073	splenorrhaphies	T061	C1261005
27497497	1078	1084	trauma	T037	C3714660
27497497	1096	1100	year	T079	C0439234
27497497	1101	1116	surgical career	T057	C0178534
27497497	1118	1141	Nonoperative management	T061	C0161969
27497497	1219	1235	experience level	T080	C0870520
27497497	1243	1261	pediatric surgeons	T097	C0586905
27497497	1274	1281	perform	T169	C0884358
27497497	1295	1306	splenectomy	T061	C0037995
27497497	1310	1323	splenorrhaphy	T061	C1261005

27498027|t|Isolation, structural analysis, and expression characteristics of the maize nuclear factor Y gene families
27498027|a|NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y (NF-Y) has been shown to play an important role in growth, development, and response to environmental stress. A NF-Y complex, which consists of three subunits, NF-YA, NF-YB, and, NF-YC, binds to CCAAT sequences in a promoter to control the expression of target genes. Although NF-Y proteins have been reported in Arabidopsis and rice, a comprehensive and systematic analysis of ZmNF-Y genes has not yet been performed. To examine the functions of ZmNF-Y genes in this family, we isolated and characterized 50 ZmNF-Y (14 ZmNF-YA, 18 ZmNF-YB, and 18 ZmNF-YC) genes in an analysis of the maize genome. The 50 ZmNF-Y genes were distributed on all 10 maize chromosomes, and 12 paralogs were identified. Multiple alignments showed that maize ZmNF-Y family proteins had conserved regions and relatively variable N-terminal or C-terminal domains. The comparative syntenic map illustrated 40 paralogous NF-Y gene pairs among the 10 maize chromosomes. Microarray data showed that the ZmNF-Y genes had tissue-specific expression patterns in various maize developmental stages and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. The results suggested that ZmNF-YB2, 4, 8, 10, 13, and 16 and ZmNF-YC6, 8, and 15 were induced, while ZmNF-YA1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, and 13, ZmNF-YB15, and ZmNF-YC3 and 9 were suppressed by drought stress. ZmNF-YA3, ZmNF-YA8 and ZmNF-YA12 were upregulated after infection by the three pathogens, while ZmNF-YA1 and ZmNF-YB2 were suppressed. These results indicate that the ZmNF-Ys may have significant roles in the response to abiotic and biotic stresses.
27498027	0	9	Isolation	T059	C0220862
27498027	11	30	structural analysis	T059	C4263501
27498027	36	46	expression	T045	C0017262
27498027	70	75	maize	T002	C0010028
27498027	76	106	nuclear factor Y gene families	T028	C0017337
27498027	107	123	NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y	T116,T123	C0910920
27498027	125	129	NF-Y	T116,T123	C0910920
27498027	175	181	growth	T040	C0597252
27498027	183	194	development	T040	C0597252
27498027	200	208	response	T032	C0871261
27498027	212	232	environmental stress	T067	C0871732
27498027	236	248	NF-Y complex	T116,T123	C0910920
27498027	274	282	subunits	T116	C0599220
27498027	284	289	NF-YA	T116	C3537354
27498027	291	296	NF-YB	T116	C0599220
27498027	303	308	NF-YC	T116	C0599220
27498027	319	334	CCAAT sequences	T028	C1332750
27498027	340	348	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27498027	352	359	control	T169	C2587213
27498027	364	390	expression of target genes	T045	C0017262
27498027	401	414	NF-Y proteins	T116,T123	C0910920
27498027	437	448	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
27498027	453	457	rice	T002	C1140671
27498027	461	474	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27498027	479	498	systematic analysis	T062	C0936012
27498027	502	514	ZmNF-Y genes	T028	C0017337
27498027	571	583	ZmNF-Y genes	T028	C0017337
27498027	630	639	50 ZmNF-Y	T028	C0017337
27498027	641	651	14 ZmNF-YA	T028	C1417715
27498027	653	663	18 ZmNF-YB	T028	C1417716
27498027	672	679	ZmNF-YC	T028	C1417717
27498027	681	686	genes	T028	C0017337
27498027	693	701	analysis	T062	C0936012
27498027	709	714	maize	T002	C0010028
27498027	715	721	genome	T028	C0017428
27498027	730	742	ZmNF-Y genes	T028	C0017337
27498027	770	775	maize	T002	C0010028
27498027	776	787	chromosomes	T026	C0008633
27498027	796	804	paralogs	T185	C1709461
27498027	822	841	Multiple alignments	T063	C0080143
27498027	854	859	maize	T002	C0010028
27498027	860	882	ZmNF-Y family proteins	T116,T123	C0910920
27498027	887	904	conserved regions	T086	C0009802
27498027	920	928	variable	T080	C0439828
27498027	929	939	N-terminal	T087	C1706793
27498027	943	961	C-terminal domains	T087	C1707271
27498027	979	987	syntenic	T028	C0314612
27498027	988	991	map	T059,T063	C0008630
27498027	1007	1017	paralogous	T185	C1709461
27498027	1018	1027	NF-Y gene	T028	C0017337
27498027	1044	1052	10 maize	T002	C0010028
27498027	1053	1064	chromosomes	T026	C0008633
27498027	1066	1076	Microarray	T059	C2985495
27498027	1077	1081	data	T078	C1511726
27498027	1098	1110	ZmNF-Y genes	T028	C0017337
27498027	1115	1141	tissue-specific expression	T045	C1519516
27498027	1162	1167	maize	T002	C0010028
27498027	1168	1188	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
27498027	1196	1214	response to biotic	T040	C2611806
27498027	1219	1235	abiotic stresses	T040	C2611805
27498027	1264	1294	ZmNF-YB2, 4, 8, 10, 13, and 16	T028	C1417716
27498027	1299	1318	ZmNF-YC6, 8, and 15	T028	C1417717
27498027	1339	1375	ZmNF-YA1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, and 13	T028	C1417715
27498027	1377	1386	ZmNF-YB15	T028	C1417716
27498027	1392	1406	ZmNF-YC3 and 9	T028	C1417717
27498027	1412	1422	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27498027	1426	1433	drought	T070	C0013140
27498027	1434	1440	stress	T033	C0038435
27498027	1442	1450	ZmNF-YA3	T028	C1417715
27498027	1452	1460	ZmNF-YA8	T028	C1417715
27498027	1465	1474	ZmNF-YA12	T028	C1417715
27498027	1480	1491	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27498027	1498	1507	infection	T046	C3714514
27498027	1521	1530	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27498027	1538	1546	ZmNF-YA1	T028	C1417715
27498027	1551	1559	ZmNF-YB2	T028	C1417716
27498027	1565	1575	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27498027	1609	1616	ZmNF-Ys	T116,T123	C0910920
27498027	1651	1670	response to abiotic	T040	C2611805
27498027	1675	1690	biotic stresses	T040	C2611806

27498099|t|How do different delivery schedules of tailored web-based physical activity advice for breast cancer survivors influence intervention use and efficacy?
27498099|a|The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of differing delivery schedules of computer-tailored physical activity modules on engagement and physical activity behaviour change in a web-based intervention targeting breast cancer survivors. Insufficiently active breast cancer survivors (n = 492) were randomly assigned to receive one of the following intervention schedules over 12 weeks: a three- module intervention delivered monthly, a three-module intervention delivered weekly or a single module intervention. Engagement with the website (number of logins, time on site, modules viewed, action plans completed) was measured using tracking software. Other outcomes (website acceptability, physical activity behaviour) were assessed using online surveys. Physical activity outcomes were analysed using regression models for both study completers and when applying intention-to-treat (using multiple imputation). Completers allocated to the monthly module group rated the intervention higher (b = 2.2 95 % CI = 0.02-4.53) on acceptability and had higher levels of resistance-training (IRR = 1.88, 95 % CI = 1.16-3.04) than those in the single module group. When accounting for missing data, these differences were no longer significant. The completion of at least two action plans was higher among those allocated to the monthly module group compared to those in the weekly module group (53 vs 40 %, p = 0.02); though the completion of at least two modules was higher in the weekly module group compared to the monthly module group (60 vs 46 %; p = 0.01). There were no other significant between group differences observed. This study provides preliminary evidence that web-based computer-tailored interventions can be used to increase physical activity among breast cancer survivors. Further, there were some outcome differences based on how the tailored modules were delivered, with the most favourable outcomes observed in the monthly delivery group. This study will be useful for informing the design of future web-based interventions targeting breast cancer survivors.
27498099	39	47	tailored	T058	C2986593
27498099	48	57	web-based	T065,T066	C0009597
27498099	58	75	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27498099	87	100	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27498099	101	110	survivors	T101	C0206194
27498099	121	133	intervention	T061	C0184661
27498099	142	150	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27498099	183	194	investigate	T169	C1292732
27498099	241	258	computer-tailored	T065,T066	C0009597
27498099	259	276	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27498099	303	320	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27498099	321	337	behaviour change	T055	C0542299
27498099	343	365	web-based intervention	T065,T066	C0009597
27498099	376	389	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27498099	390	399	survivors	T101	C0206194
27498099	423	436	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27498099	437	446	survivors	T101	C0206194
27498099	512	524	intervention	T061	C0184661
27498099	525	534	schedules	T170	C0086960
27498099	559	565	module	T170	C0282574
27498099	589	596	monthly	T079	C0332177
27498099	600	625	three-module intervention	T061	C0184661
27498099	636	642	weekly	T079	C0332174
27498099	648	674	single module intervention	T061	C0184661
27498099	676	691	Engagement with	T169	C1314939
27498099	696	703	website	T170	C2349146
27498099	705	721	number of logins	T081	C0392762
27498099	723	735	time on site	T079	C0040223
27498099	737	744	modules	T170	C0282574
27498099	753	765	action plans	T170	C3847845
27498099	766	775	completed	T078	C1556116
27498099	796	813	tracking software	T170	C3203964
27498099	821	829	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27498099	831	838	website	T170	C2349146
27498099	839	852	acceptability	T080	C0814633
27498099	854	871	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27498099	872	881	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27498099	903	917	online surveys	T170	C0038951
27498099	919	936	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
27498099	937	945	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27498099	966	983	regression models	T170	C0034980
27498099	993	1009	study completers	UnknownType	C0682349
27498099	1028	1046	intention-to-treat	T062	C2718028
27498099	1054	1073	multiple imputation	T081	C2825511
27498099	1076	1086	Completers	UnknownType	C0682349
27498099	1104	1111	monthly	T079	C0332177
27498099	1112	1118	module	T170	C0282574
27498099	1119	1124	group	T078	C0441833
27498099	1135	1147	intervention	T061	C0184661
27498099	1227	1246	resistance-training	T061	C0872279
27498099	1306	1312	module	T170	C0282574
27498099	1313	1318	group	T078	C0441833
27498099	1404	1414	completion	T033	C0805732
27498099	1484	1491	monthly	T079	C0332177
27498099	1492	1498	module	T170	C0282574
27498099	1499	1504	group	T078	C0441833
27498099	1530	1536	weekly	T079	C0332174
27498099	1537	1543	module	T170	C0282574
27498099	1544	1549	group	T078	C0441833
27498099	1612	1619	modules	T170	C0282574
27498099	1638	1644	weekly	T079	C0332174
27498099	1645	1651	module	T170	C0282574
27498099	1652	1657	group	T078	C0441833
27498099	1674	1681	monthly	T079	C0332177
27498099	1682	1688	module	T170	C0282574
27498099	1819	1827	evidence	T078	C3887511
27498099	1833	1860	web-based computer-tailored	T065,T066	C0009597
27498099	1861	1874	interventions	T061	C0184661
27498099	1890	1898	increase	T169	C0442805
27498099	1899	1916	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27498099	1923	1936	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27498099	1937	1946	survivors	T101	C0206194
27498099	1973	1980	outcome	T169	C1274040
27498099	2010	2018	tailored	T058	C2986593
27498099	2019	2026	modules	T170	C0282574
27498099	2068	2076	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27498099	2093	2100	monthly	T079	C0332177
27498099	2101	2109	delivery	UnknownType	C0677249
27498099	2110	2115	group	T078	C0441833
27498099	2178	2201	web-based interventions	T170	C3876127
27498099	2212	2225	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27498099	2226	2235	survivors	T101	C0206194

27498180|t|Stress and binge drinking: A toxic combination for the teenage brain
27498180|a|Young adult university students frequently binge on alcohol and have high stress levels. Based on findings in rodents, we predicted that heavy current alcohol use and elevated stress and depression scores would be associated with deficits on high interference memory tasks, while early onset, prolonged binge patterns would lead to broader cognitive deficits on tests of associative encoding and executive functions. We developed the Concentration Memory Task, a novel computerized version of the Concentration card game with a high degree of interference. We found that young adults with elevated stress, depression, and alcohol consumption scores were impaired in the Concentration Memory Task. We also analyzed data from a previous study, and found that higher alcohol consumption scores were associated with impaired performance on another high interference memory task, based on Kirwan and Stark's Mnemonic Similarity Test. On the other hand, adolescent onset of binge drinking predicted poorer performance on broader range of memory tests, including a more systematic test of spatial recognition memory, and an associative learning task. Our results are broadly consistent with findings in rodents that acute alcohol and stress exposure suppress neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus, which in turn impairs performance in high interference memory tasks, while adolescent onset binge drinking causes more extensive brain damage and cognitive deficits.
27498180	0	6	Stress	T048	C0038443
27498180	11	25	binge drinking	T055	C0556346
27498180	29	34	toxic	T037	C0600688
27498180	55	62	teenage	T079	C0001578
27498180	63	68	brain	T023	C0006104
27498180	69	80	Young adult	T100	C0238598
27498180	81	100	university students	T080	C0597615
27498180	112	117	binge	T055	C0556346
27498180	121	128	alcohol	T055	C0001948
27498180	138	142	high	T080	C0205250
27498180	143	156	stress levels	T033	C1319127
27498180	179	186	rodents	T015	C0035804
27498180	206	231	heavy current alcohol use	T033	C2030272
27498180	236	244	elevated	T080	C3163633
27498180	245	251	stress	T048	C0038443
27498180	256	273	depression scores	T033	C3483981
27498180	283	298	associated with	T080	C0332281
27498180	299	307	deficits	T080	C2987487
27498180	311	315	high	T080	C0205250
27498180	316	328	interference	T169	C0521102
27498180	329	335	memory	T041	C0025260
27498180	336	341	tasks	T057	C3540678
27498180	349	360	early onset	T033	C1833334
27498180	372	377	binge	T055	C0556346
27498180	378	386	patterns	T055	C0556328
27498180	409	427	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
27498180	440	460	associative encoding	T041	C0679058
27498180	465	484	executive functions	T041	C0935584
27498180	503	516	Concentration	T041	C0086045
27498180	517	523	Memory	T041	C0025260
27498180	524	528	Task	T057	C3540678
27498180	538	558	computerized version	T066	C0009609
27498180	566	579	Concentration	T041	C0086045
27498180	580	589	card game	T073	C0870328
27498180	597	601	high	T080	C0205250
27498180	612	624	interference	T169	C0521102
27498180	640	652	young adults	T100	C0238598
27498180	658	666	elevated	T080	C3163633
27498180	667	673	stress	T033	C4296662
27498180	675	685	depression	T033	C3483981
27498180	691	717	alcohol consumption scores	T081	C0449820
27498180	723	731	impaired	T169	C0221099
27498180	739	752	Concentration	T041	C0086045
27498180	753	759	Memory	T041	C0025260
27498180	760	764	Task	T057	C3540678
27498180	774	787	analyzed data	T057	C0010992
27498180	826	832	higher	T080	C0205250
27498180	833	859	alcohol consumption scores	T081	C0449820
27498180	865	880	associated with	T080	C0332281
27498180	881	889	impaired	T169	C0221099
27498180	890	901	performance	T055	C0597198
27498180	913	917	high	T080	C0205250
27498180	918	930	interference	T169	C0521102
27498180	931	937	memory	T041	C0025260
27498180	938	942	task	T057	C3540678
27498180	953	996	Kirwan and Stark's Mnemonic Similarity Test	T170	C0392366
27498180	1017	1027	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27498180	1028	1033	onset	T081	C0206132
27498180	1037	1051	binge drinking	T055	C0556346
27498180	1062	1068	poorer	T080	C2700379
27498180	1069	1080	performance	T055	C0597198
27498180	1101	1107	memory	T041	C0025260
27498180	1108	1113	tests	T170	C0392366
27498180	1132	1177	systematic test of spatial recognition memory	T170	C0451414
27498180	1186	1206	associative learning	T041	C0023185
27498180	1207	1211	task	T057	C3540678
27498180	1217	1224	results	T033	C0683954
27498180	1237	1252	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27498180	1265	1272	rodents	T015	C0035804
27498180	1278	1291	acute alcohol	T051	C4038778
27498180	1296	1302	stress	T048	C0038443
27498180	1312	1320	suppress	T169	C1260953
27498180	1321	1333	neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
27498180	1341	1346	adult	T100	C0001675
27498180	1347	1358	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27498180	1374	1381	impairs	T169	C0221099
27498180	1382	1393	performance	T055	C0597198
27498180	1397	1401	high	T080	C0205250
27498180	1402	1414	interference	T169	C0521102
27498180	1415	1421	memory	T041	C0025260
27498180	1422	1427	tasks	T057	C3540678
27498180	1435	1445	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27498180	1446	1451	onset	T081	C0206132
27498180	1452	1466	binge drinking	T055	C0556346
27498180	1479	1488	extensive	T080	C0205231
27498180	1489	1501	brain damage	T037	C0270611
27498180	1506	1524	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241

27498399|t|Vestibular -dependent inter-stimulus interval effects on sound evoked potentials of central origin
27498399|a|Todd et al. (2014ab) have recently demonstrated the presence of vestibular -dependent contributions to auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) when passing through the vestibular threshold as determined by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs), including a particular deflection labeled as an N42/P52 prior to the long - latency AEPs N1 and P2. In this paper we report the results of an experiment to determine the effect of inter-stimulus interval (ISI) and regularity on potentials recorded above and below VEMP threshold. Five healthy, right-handed subjects were recruited and evoked potentials were recorded to binaurally presented sound stimulation, above and below vestibular threshold, at seven stimulus rates with ISIs of 212, 300, 424, 600, 848, 1200 and 1696 ms. The inner five intervals, i.e. 300, 424, 600, 848, 1200 ms, were presented twice in both regular and irregular conditions. ANOVA on the global field power (GFP) were conducted for each of four waves, N42, P52, N1 and P2 with factors of intensity, ISI and regularity. Both N42 and P52 waves showed significant ANOVA effects of intensity but no other main effects or interactions. In contrast both N1 and P2 showed additional effects of ISI, as well as intensity, and evidence of non - linear interactions between ISI and intensity. A source analysis was carried out consistent with prior work suggesting that when above vestibular threshold, in addition to bilateral superior temporal cortex, ocular, cerebellar and cingulate sources are recruited. Further statistical analysis of the source currents indicated that the origin of the interactions with intensity may be the ISI sensitivity of the vestibular -dependent sources. This in turn may reflect a specific vestibular preference for stimulus rates associated with locomotion, i.e. rates close to 2 Hz, or ISIs close to 500 ms, where saccular afferents show increased gain and the corresponding reflexes are most sensitive.
27498399	0	10	Vestibular	T030	C0042606
27498399	22	45	inter-stimulus interval	T079	C0870743
27498399	46	53	effects	T080	C1280500
27498399	57	80	sound evoked potentials	T042	C0015215
27498399	84	91	central	T082	C0205099
27498399	92	98	origin	T079	C0439659
27498399	151	159	presence	T033	C0150312
27498399	163	173	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27498399	185	198	contributions	T052	C1880177
27498399	202	228	auditory evoked potentials	T042	C0015215
27498399	230	234	AEPs	T042	C0015215
27498399	261	271	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27498399	272	281	threshold	T081	C0004312
27498399	299	336	vestibular evoked myogenic potentials	T034	C2936453
27498399	338	343	VEMPs	T034	C2936453
27498399	369	379	deflection	T082	C0012727
27498399	380	387	labeled	T080	C1708632
27498399	402	407	prior	T079	C0332152
27498399	415	419	long	T080	C0205166
27498399	422	429	latency	T079	C0242465
27498399	430	434	AEPs	T042	C0015215
27498399	463	469	report	T058	C0700287
27498399	474	481	results	T033	C2825142
27498399	488	498	experiment	T062	C0681814
27498399	516	525	effect of	T080	C1704420
27498399	526	549	inter-stimulus interval	T079	C0870743
27498399	551	554	ISI	T079	C0870743
27498399	560	570	regularity	T080	C0449581
27498399	574	584	potentials	T042	C0015214
27498399	594	599	above	T082	C1282910
27498399	604	609	below	T082	C0542339
27498399	610	614	VEMP	T034	C2936453
27498399	615	624	threshold	T081	C0004312
27498399	631	638	healthy	T080	C3898900
27498399	640	652	right-handed	T032	C0344333
27498399	653	661	subjects	T098	C2349001
27498399	681	698	evoked potentials	T042	C0015214
27498399	737	754	sound stimulation	T061	C0001164
27498399	756	761	above	T082	C1282910
27498399	766	771	below	T082	C0542339
27498399	772	782	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27498399	783	792	threshold	T081	C0004312
27498399	803	811	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27498399	812	817	rates	T081	C1521828
27498399	823	827	ISIs	T079	C0870743
27498399	889	898	intervals	T079	C0870743
27498399	939	948	presented	T078	C0449450
27498399	963	970	regular	T080	C0205272
27498399	975	984	irregular	T080	C0205271
27498399	997	1002	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27498399	1010	1028	global field power	T081	C0392762
27498399	1030	1033	GFP	T081	C0392762
27498399	1110	1119	intensity	T081	C0237686
27498399	1121	1124	ISI	T079	C0870743
27498399	1129	1139	regularity	T080	C0449581
27498399	1171	1182	significant	T078	C0750502
27498399	1183	1188	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27498399	1189	1199	effects of	T080	C1704420
27498399	1200	1209	intensity	T081	C0237686
27498399	1228	1235	effects	T080	C1280500
27498399	1239	1251	interactions	T169	C1704675
27498399	1287	1297	additional	T169	C1524062
27498399	1298	1308	effects of	T080	C1704420
27498399	1309	1312	ISI	T079	C0870743
27498399	1325	1334	intensity	T081	C0237686
27498399	1340	1351	evidence of	T169	C0332120
27498399	1352	1355	non	T169	C1518422
27498399	1358	1364	linear	T082	C0205132
27498399	1365	1377	interactions	T169	C1704675
27498399	1386	1389	ISI	T079	C0870743
27498399	1394	1403	intensity	T081	C0237686
27498399	1407	1422	source analysis	T062	C0936012
27498399	1439	1454	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27498399	1455	1460	prior	T079	C0332152
27498399	1487	1492	above	T082	C1282910
27498399	1493	1503	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27498399	1504	1513	threshold	T081	C0004312
27498399	1515	1529	in addition to	T169	C0332287
27498399	1530	1539	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27498399	1540	1548	superior	T082	C1282910
27498399	1549	1564	temporal cortex	T023	C0039485
27498399	1566	1572	ocular	T023	C0015392
27498399	1574	1584	cerebellar	T023	C0007765
27498399	1589	1598	cingulate	T023	C0228272
27498399	1599	1606	sources	T033	C0449416
27498399	1630	1650	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27498399	1658	1664	source	T033	C0449416
27498399	1665	1673	currents	T070	C1705970
27498399	1707	1719	interactions	T169	C1704675
27498399	1725	1734	intensity	T081	C0237686
27498399	1746	1749	ISI	T079	C0870743
27498399	1750	1761	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27498399	1769	1779	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27498399	1791	1798	sources	T033	C0449416
27498399	1827	1835	specific	T080	C0205369
27498399	1836	1846	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27498399	1847	1857	preference	T078	C0558295
27498399	1862	1870	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27498399	1871	1876	rates	T081	C1521828
27498399	1877	1892	associated with	T080	C0332281
27498399	1893	1903	locomotion	T040	C0023946
27498399	1910	1915	rates	T081	C1521828
27498399	1934	1938	ISIs	T079	C0870743
27498399	1962	1970	saccular	T082	C0205137
27498399	1971	1980	afferents	T082	C0205115
27498399	1986	1995	increased	T081	C0205217
27498399	1996	2000	gain	T081	C1517378
27498399	2023	2031	reflexes	T042	C0034929
27498399	2041	2050	sensitive	T169	C0332324

27498545|t|Differential Immunohistochemical Profiles for Distinguishing Prostate Carcinoma and Urothelial Carcinoma
27498545|a|The pathologic distinction between high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) involving the urinary bladder and high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC) infiltrating the prostate can be difficult. However, making this distinction is clinically important because of the different treatment modalities for these two entities. A total of 249 patient cases (PAC, 111 cases; UC, 138 cases) collected between June 1995 and July 2009 at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital were studied. An immunohistochemical evaluation of prostatic markers (prostate-specific antigen [PSA], prostate-specific membrane antigen [PSMA], prostate acid phosphatase [PAP], P501s, NKX3.1, and α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase [AMACR]) and urothelial markers (CK34βE12, p63, thrombomodulin, S100P, and GATA binding protein 3 [GATA3]) was performed using tissue microarrays from each tumor. The sensitivities of prostatic markers in PAC were 100% for PSA, 83.8% for PSMA, 91.9% for PAP, 93.7% for P501s, 88.3% for NKX 3.1, and 66.7% for AMACR. However, the urothelial markers CK34βE12, p63, thrombomodulin, S100P, and GATA3 were also positive in 1.8%, 0%, 0%, 3.6%, and 0% of PAC, respectively. The sensitivities of urothelial markers in UC were 75.4% for CK34βE12, 73.9% for p63, 45.7% for thrombomodulin, 22.5% for S100P, and 84.8% for GATA3. Conversely, the prostatic markers PSA, PSMA, PAP, P501s, NKX3.1, and AMACR were also positive in 9.4%, 0.7%, 18.8%, 0.7%, 0%, and 8.7% of UC s, respectively. Prostatic and urothelial markers, including PSA, NKX3.1, p63, thrombomodulin, and GATA3 are very useful for differentiating PAC from UC. The optimal combination of prostatic and urothelial markers could improve the ability to differentiate PAC from UC pathologically.
27498545	0	12	Differential	T080	C0443199
27498545	13	32	Immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27498545	33	41	Profiles	T059	C1979963
27498545	46	60	Distinguishing	T080	C0205615
27498545	61	79	Prostate Carcinoma	T191	C0600139
27498545	84	104	Urothelial Carcinoma	T191	C2145472
27498545	109	119	pathologic	T169	C1521733
27498545	120	131	distinction	T080	C1705242
27498545	140	150	high-grade	T080	C0205082
27498545	151	174	prostate adenocarcinoma	T191	C0007112
27498545	176	179	PAC	T191	C0007112
27498545	195	210	urinary bladder	T023	C0005682
27498545	215	225	high-grade	T080	C0205082
27498545	226	246	urothelial carcinoma	T191	C2145472
27498545	248	250	UC	T191	C2145472
27498545	252	264	infiltrating	T046	C0332448
27498545	269	277	prostate	T023	C0033572
27498545	285	294	difficult	T080	C0332218
27498545	317	328	distinction	T080	C1705242
27498545	332	342	clinically	T080	C0205210
27498545	343	352	important	T080	C3898777
27498545	368	377	different	T080	C1705242
27498545	378	387	treatment	T061	C0087111
27498545	388	398	modalities	T078	C0695347
27498545	413	421	entities	T071	C1551338
27498545	438	445	patient	T101	C0030705
27498545	446	451	cases	T169	C0868928
27498545	453	456	PAC	T191	C0007112
27498545	462	467	cases	T169	C0868928
27498545	469	471	UC	T191	C2145472
27498545	477	482	cases	T169	C0868928
27498545	529	554	Seoul St. Mary's Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27498545	560	567	studied	T062	C2603343
27498545	572	591	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27498545	592	602	evaluation	T059	C0474700
27498545	606	615	prostatic	T023	C0033572
27498545	616	623	markers	T123	C0041365
27498545	625	650	prostate-specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27498545	652	655	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27498545	658	692	prostate-specific membrane antigen	T116,T126	C1310550
27498545	694	698	PSMA	T116,T126	C1310550
27498545	701	726	prostate acid phosphatase	T116,T126	C1740167
27498545	728	731	PAP	T116,T126	C1740167
27498545	734	739	P501s	T116	C0965053
27498545	741	747	NKX3.1	T116,T123	C1505704
27498545	753	785	α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase	T116,T126	C0666209
27498545	787	792	AMACR	T116,T126	C0666209
27498545	799	809	urothelial	T024	C0227598
27498545	810	817	markers	T123	C0041365
27498545	819	827	CK34βE12	T116	C0908867
27498545	829	832	p63	T116,T123	C1431519
27498545	834	848	thrombomodulin	T116,T192	C0145779
27498545	850	855	S100P	T116,T123	C1447472
27498545	861	883	GATA binding protein 3	T116,T123	C1307598
27498545	885	890	GATA3	T116,T123	C1307598
27498545	897	906	performed	T169	C0884358
27498545	913	931	tissue microarrays	T075	C1519522
27498545	937	941	each	T081	C1457900
27498545	942	947	tumor	T191	C0027651
27498545	953	966	sensitivities	T081	C1511883
27498545	970	979	prostatic	T023	C0033572
27498545	980	987	markers	T123	C0041365
27498545	991	994	PAC	T191	C0007112
27498545	1009	1012	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27498545	1024	1028	PSMA	T116,T126	C1310550
27498545	1040	1043	PAP	T116,T126	C1740167
27498545	1055	1060	P501s	T116	C0965053
27498545	1072	1079	NKX 3.1	T116,T123	C1505704
27498545	1095	1100	AMACR	T116,T126	C0666209
27498545	1115	1125	urothelial	T024	C0227598
27498545	1126	1133	markers	T123	C0041365
27498545	1134	1142	CK34βE12	T116	C0908867
27498545	1144	1147	p63	T116,T123	C1431519
27498545	1149	1163	thrombomodulin	T116,T192	C0145779
27498545	1165	1170	S100P	T116,T123	C1447472
27498545	1176	1181	GATA3	T116,T123	C1307598
27498545	1192	1200	positive	T033	C1446409
27498545	1234	1237	PAC	T191	C0007112
27498545	1257	1270	sensitivities	T081	C1511883
27498545	1274	1284	urothelial	T024	C0227598
27498545	1285	1292	markers	T123	C0041365
27498545	1296	1298	UC	T191	C2145472
27498545	1314	1322	CK34βE12	T116	C0908867
27498545	1334	1337	p63	T116,T123	C1431519
27498545	1349	1363	thrombomodulin	T116,T192	C0145779
27498545	1375	1380	S100P	T116,T123	C1447472
27498545	1396	1401	GATA3	T116,T123	C1307598
27498545	1419	1428	prostatic	T023	C0033572
27498545	1429	1436	markers	T123	C0041365
27498545	1437	1440	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27498545	1442	1446	PSMA	T116,T126	C1310550
27498545	1448	1451	PAP	T116,T126	C1740167
27498545	1453	1458	P501s	T116	C0965053
27498545	1460	1466	NKX3.1	T116,T123	C1505704
27498545	1472	1477	AMACR	T116,T126	C0666209
27498545	1488	1496	positive	T033	C1446409
27498545	1541	1543	UC	T191	C2145472
27498545	1561	1570	Prostatic	T023	C0033572
27498545	1575	1585	urothelial	T024	C0227598
27498545	1586	1593	markers	T123	C0041365
27498545	1605	1608	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27498545	1610	1616	NKX3.1	T116,T123	C1505704
27498545	1618	1621	p63	T116,T123	C1431519
27498545	1623	1637	thrombomodulin	T116,T192	C0145779
27498545	1643	1648	GATA3	T116,T123	C1307598
27498545	1658	1664	useful	T080	C3827682
27498545	1669	1684	differentiating	T080	C0205615
27498545	1685	1688	PAC	T191	C0007112
27498545	1694	1696	UC	T191	C2145472
27498545	1702	1709	optimal	T080	C2698651
27498545	1710	1721	combination	T080	C0205195
27498545	1725	1734	prostatic	T023	C0033572
27498545	1739	1749	urothelial	T024	C0227598
27498545	1750	1757	markers	T123	C0041365
27498545	1764	1771	improve	T033	C0184511
27498545	1776	1783	ability	T033	C1299581
27498545	1787	1800	differentiate	T080	C0205615
27498545	1801	1804	PAC	T191	C0007112
27498545	1810	1812	UC	T191	C2145472
27498545	1813	1827	pathologically	T169	C1521733

27498569|t|Vision Guides Selection of Freeze or Flight Defense Strategies in Mice
27498569|a|In prey species such as mice, avoidance of predators is key to survival and drives instinctual behaviors like freeze or flight [1, 2]. Sensory signals guide the selection of appropriate behavior [3], and for aerial predators only vision provides useful information. Surprisingly, there is no evidence that vision can guide the selection of escape strategies. Fleeing behavior can be readily triggered by a rapidly looming overhead stimulus [4]. Freezing behavior, however, has previously been induced by real predators or their odors [5]. Here, we discover that a small moving disk, simulating the sweep of a predator cruising overhead, is sufficient to induce freezing response in mice. Looming and sweeping therefore provide visual triggers for opposing flight and freeze behaviors and provide evidence that mice innately make behavioral choices based on vision alone.
27498569	0	6	Vision	T040	C0042789
27498569	14	23	Selection	T052	C1707391
27498569	27	33	Freeze	T070	C0016701
27498569	37	43	Flight	T067	C2610507
27498569	44	51	Defense	T077	C1880266
27498569	52	62	Strategies	T041	C0679199
27498569	66	70	Mice	T015	C0025914
27498569	74	86	prey species	T185	C1705920
27498569	95	99	mice	T015	C0025914
27498569	101	110	avoidance	T041	C0870186
27498569	134	142	survival	T169	C0220921
27498569	166	175	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27498569	181	187	freeze	T070	C0016701
27498569	191	197	flight	T067	C2610507
27498569	206	227	Sensory signals guide	T041	C0597440
27498569	232	241	selection	T052	C1707391
27498569	245	256	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27498569	257	265	behavior	T053	C0004927
27498569	301	307	vision	T040	C0042789
27498569	308	316	provides	T052	C1999230
27498569	317	335	useful information	T170	C2598196
27498569	360	371	no evidence	T080	C0332125
27498569	377	383	vision	T040	C0042789
27498569	398	407	selection	T052	C1707391
27498569	418	428	strategies	T041	C0679199
27498569	430	437	Fleeing	T169	C1704688
27498569	438	446	behavior	T053	C0004927
27498569	462	474	triggered by	T080	C1444748
27498569	477	484	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27498569	502	510	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27498569	516	524	Freezing	T070	C0016701
27498569	525	533	behavior	T053	C0004927
27498569	564	571	induced	T169	C0205263
27498569	599	604	odors	T070	C0028884
27498569	619	627	discover	T052	C1880355
27498569	669	674	sweep	T058	C2348625
27498569	689	697	cruising	T033	C0558134
27498569	711	721	sufficient	T080	C0205410
27498569	725	731	induce	T169	C0205263
27498569	732	749	freezing response	T040	C1327590
27498569	753	757	mice	T015	C0025914
27498569	771	779	sweeping	T058	C2348625
27498569	790	797	provide	T052	C1999230
27498569	798	813	visual triggers	T033	C1718495
27498569	827	833	flight	T067	C2610507
27498569	838	844	freeze	T070	C0016701
27498569	845	854	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27498569	859	866	provide	T052	C1999230
27498569	867	875	evidence	T078	C3887511
27498569	881	885	mice	T015	C0025914
27498569	886	894	innately	T055	C0237675
27498569	900	910	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27498569	928	934	vision	T040	C0042789

27499974|t|Short-term effects of a vibrotactile neck -based treatment device for positional obstructive sleep apnea: preliminary data on tolerability and efficacy
27499974|a|Positional supine obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) characterizes a subgroup of patients suffering from OSAS. Several devices designed to limit supine position have been developed, but evidences of their efficacy and safety are lacking. It is unclear whether a neck-worn vibrating device could induce positional change in patients with positional OSAS. We evaluated the efficacy of a neck -worn device to induce supine avoidance positional feedback over a short-term trial in OSAS patients and its impact on sleep quality and polysomnographyc indexes. Twenty patients with positional apneas / hypopneas were prospectively studied. Baseline characteristics of daytime somnolence and risk of sleep apnea were screened and the efficacy of a 3-day trial of supine - avoidance therapy by vibrotactile neck worn device assessed by reporting the self-perceived change in quality of sleep and performing cardio-respiratory polysomnography. Comparison between baseline and treatment results was performed. The neck device produced a reduction in overall apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) (mean AHI pre =16.8/h and post =4.4/h, P<0.0001), oxygen desaturation (pre =13.7/h and post =3.8/h, P<0.0001) and Respiratory Disturbance Indexes (RDI) (20.0/h vs. 5.2/h; P<0.0001).The time spent in supine position decreased from 62.1% to 33.7% of the total (P<0.001). However, the impact on the perceived quality of sleep was unpredictable. The neck position therapy device is effective in restricting supine sleep, improving AHI and related polysomnographic indexes. However, at least in a short-term trial, it seems unable to improve the patient's sleep quality.
27499974	0	10	Short-term	T079	C0443303
27499974	11	18	effects	T033	C1518681
27499974	24	36	vibrotactile	T081	C0871577
27499974	37	41	neck	T029	C0027530
27499974	49	65	treatment device	T074	C0336568
27499974	70	104	positional obstructive sleep apnea	T047	C0520679
27499974	106	117	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27499974	118	122	data	T078	C1511726
27499974	126	138	tolerability	T062	C3274448
27499974	143	151	efficacy	T062	C1707887
27499974	152	169	Positional supine	T082	C0038846
27499974	170	202	obstructive sleep apnea syndrome	T047	C0520679
27499974	204	208	OSAS	T047	C0520679
27499974	226	234	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27499974	238	246	patients	T101	C0030705
27499974	247	256	suffering	T048	C0683278
27499974	262	266	OSAS	T047	C0520679
27499974	268	275	Several	T081	C0443302
27499974	276	283	devices	T074	C0336568
27499974	302	317	supine position	T082	C0038846
27499974	343	355	evidences of	T169	C0332120
27499974	362	370	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27499974	375	381	safety	T080	C0025079
27499974	386	393	lacking	T080	C0332268
27499974	401	408	unclear	T033	C3845108
27499974	419	428	neck-worn	T029	C0027530
27499974	429	445	vibrating device	T074	C0025080
27499974	459	476	positional change	T033	C0560786
27499974	480	488	patients	T101	C0030705
27499974	494	509	positional OSAS	T047	C0520679
27499974	514	523	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27499974	528	536	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27499974	542	546	neck	T029	C0027530
27499974	553	559	device	T074	C0025080
27499974	563	569	induce	T169	C0205263
27499974	570	576	supine	T082	C0038846
27499974	577	586	avoidance	T033	C0231426
27499974	587	597	positional	T082	C0038846
27499974	614	624	short-term	T079	C0443303
27499974	634	638	OSAS	T047	C0520679
27499974	639	647	patients	T101	C0030705
27499974	656	662	impact	T080	C4049986
27499974	666	671	sleep	T040	C0037313
27499974	672	679	quality	T080	C0332306
27499974	684	708	polysomnographyc indexes	T060	C0162701
27499974	717	725	patients	T101	C0030705
27499974	731	748	positional apneas	T047	C0520679
27499974	751	760	hypopneas	T047	C4285910
27499974	766	787	prospectively studied	T062	C0033522
27499974	789	797	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27499974	798	813	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27499974	817	835	daytime somnolence	T184	C2219848
27499974	840	844	risk	T033	C0035648
27499974	848	859	sleep apnea	T047	C0037315
27499974	865	873	screened	T060	C1710031
27499974	882	890	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27499974	911	917	supine	T082	C0038846
27499974	920	929	avoidance	T033	C0231426
27499974	930	937	therapy	T061	C0087111
27499974	941	953	vibrotactile	T081	C0871577
27499974	954	963	neck worn	T029	C0027530
27499974	964	970	device	T074	C0025080
27499974	1012	1018	change	T169	C0392747
27499974	1022	1038	quality of sleep	T033	C0424563
27499974	1054	1088	cardio-respiratory polysomnography	T060	C0162701
27499974	1090	1100	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27499974	1109	1117	baseline	T033	C0243095
27499974	1122	1139	treatment results	T033	C0243095
27499974	1144	1153	performed	T169	C0884358
27499974	1159	1163	neck	T029	C0027530
27499974	1164	1170	device	T074	C0025080
27499974	1182	1191	reduction	T080	C0392756
27499974	1195	1202	overall	T080	C1561607
27499974	1203	1223	apnea-hypopnea index	T170	C4083070
27499974	1225	1228	AHI	T170	C4083070
27499974	1236	1239	AHI	T170	C4083070
27499974	1240	1243	pre	T079	C0332152
27499974	1256	1260	post	T079	C0687676
27499974	1280	1299	oxygen desaturation	T033	C4061338
27499974	1301	1304	pre	T079	C0332152
27499974	1317	1321	post	T079	C0687676
27499974	1344	1375	Respiratory Disturbance Indexes	T033	C2111853
27499974	1377	1380	RDI	T033	C2111853
27499974	1429	1444	supine position	T082	C0038846
27499974	1445	1454	decreased	T081	C0205216
27499974	1512	1518	impact	T080	C4049986
27499974	1536	1552	quality of sleep	T033	C0424563
27499974	1557	1570	unpredictable	T033	C0243095
27499974	1576	1580	neck	T029	C0027530
27499974	1581	1589	position	T082	C0733755
27499974	1590	1604	therapy device	T074	C0336568
27499974	1608	1617	effective	T080	C1704419
27499974	1621	1632	restricting	T169	C0443288
27499974	1633	1639	supine	T082	C0038846
27499974	1640	1645	sleep	T040	C0037313
27499974	1647	1656	improving	T080	C1272745
27499974	1657	1660	AHI	T170	C4083070
27499974	1673	1697	polysomnographic indexes	T060	C0162701
27499974	1722	1732	short-term	T079	C0443303
27499974	1749	1755	unable	T033	C1299582
27499974	1759	1766	improve	T080	C1272745
27499974	1771	1780	patient's	T101	C0030705
27499974	1781	1786	sleep	T040	C0037313
27499974	1787	1794	quality	T080	C0332306

27500005|t|Operative surgical nuances of modified extradural temporopolar approach with mini-peeling of dura propria based on cadaveric anatomical study of lateral cavernous structures
27500005|a|Extradural temporopolar approach (ETA) has been modified as less invasive manner and named as trans-superior orbital fissure (SOF) approach with mini-peeling technique. The present study discusses the operative nuances of this modified technique on the basis of cadaveric study of lateral cavernous structures. In five consecutive cadaveric specimens, we performed an extradural anterior clinoidectomy with mini-peeling of the dura propria to expose the anterior clinoid process entirely. We also investigated the histological characteristics of the lateral cavernous sinus (CS) between the dura propria and periosteal dura at the SOF, foramen rotundum (FR), and foramen ovale (FO) levels, and of each trigeminal nerve division. Coronal histological examination of the lateral wall of the CS showed invagination of the dura propria and periosteal dura into the SOF. In contrast, no such invagination was observed at the levels of the FR and FO. This finding supports the technical rationale of the only skeletonization of the SOF for peeling of the dura propria but not FR. In addition, our modified ETA method needs only minimal dural incision between the SOF and FR where no cranial nerves are present. Our technical modification of ETA may be recommended for surgical treatment of paraclinoid lesions to reduce the risk of intraoperative neurovascular injury.
27500005	0	26	Operative surgical nuances	T033	C0243095
27500005	30	38	modified	T169	C0392747
27500005	39	71	extradural temporopolar approach	T061	C0543467
27500005	77	89	mini-peeling	T169	C0441602
27500005	93	105	dura propria	T023	C0013313
27500005	115	141	cadaveric anatomical study	T062	C0242481
27500005	145	152	lateral	T082	C0205093
27500005	153	173	cavernous structures	T030	C0007473
27500005	174	206	Extradural temporopolar approach	T061	C0543467
27500005	208	211	ETA	T061	C0543467
27500005	222	230	modified	T169	C0392747
27500005	268	282	trans-superior	T082	C1282910
27500005	283	298	orbital fissure	T030	C0459562
27500005	300	303	SOF	T030	C0459562
27500005	305	313	approach	T061	C0543467
27500005	319	331	mini-peeling	T169	C0441602
27500005	332	341	technique	T169	C0449851
27500005	375	392	operative nuances	T033	C0243095
27500005	401	409	modified	T169	C0392747
27500005	410	419	technique	T169	C0449851
27500005	436	451	cadaveric study	T062	C0242481
27500005	455	462	lateral	T082	C0205093
27500005	463	483	cavernous structures	T030	C0007473
27500005	493	504	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27500005	505	524	cadaveric specimens	T167	C0370003
27500005	542	552	extradural	T030	C0014537
27500005	553	561	anterior	T082	C0205094
27500005	562	575	clinoidectomy	T061	C0087111
27500005	581	593	mini-peeling	T169	C0441602
27500005	601	613	dura propria	T023	C0013313
27500005	628	652	anterior clinoid process	T029	C0230053
27500005	688	700	histological	T169	C0205462
27500005	701	716	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27500005	724	731	lateral	T082	C0205093
27500005	732	747	cavernous sinus	T030	C0007473
27500005	749	751	CS	T030	C0007473
27500005	765	777	dura propria	T023	C0013313
27500005	782	797	periosteal dura	T023	C1518991
27500005	805	808	SOF	T030	C0459562
27500005	810	826	foramen rotundum	T030	C0222687
27500005	828	830	FR	T030	C0222687
27500005	856	862	levels	T080	C0441889
27500005	876	901	trigeminal nerve division	T023	C0024695
27500005	903	935	Coronal histological examination	T060	C0430022
27500005	943	955	lateral wall	T082	C0205093
27500005	963	965	CS	T030	C0007473
27500005	973	985	invagination	T190	C0221224
27500005	993	1005	dura propria	T023	C0013313
27500005	1010	1025	periosteal dura	T023	C1518991
27500005	1035	1038	SOF	T030	C0459562
27500005	1053	1055	no	T033	C1513916
27500005	1061	1073	invagination	T190	C0221224
27500005	1094	1100	levels	T080	C0441889
27500005	1108	1110	FR	T030	C0222687
27500005	1124	1131	finding	T169	C2607943
27500005	1177	1192	skeletonization	T033	C0277760
27500005	1200	1203	SOF	T030	C0459562
27500005	1208	1215	peeling	T169	C0441602
27500005	1223	1235	dura propria	T023	C0013313
27500005	1244	1246	FR	T030	C0222687
27500005	1265	1273	modified	T169	C0392747
27500005	1274	1277	ETA	T061	C0543467
27500005	1278	1284	method	T169	C0449851
27500005	1296	1303	minimal	T080	C1524031
27500005	1304	1318	dural incision	T061	C0184898
27500005	1331	1334	SOF	T030	C0459562
27500005	1339	1341	FR	T030	C0222687
27500005	1351	1365	cranial nerves	T023	C0010268
27500005	1383	1405	technical modification	T061	C1299575
27500005	1409	1412	ETA	T061	C0543467
27500005	1436	1454	surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
27500005	1458	1477	paraclinoid lesions	T033	C0221198
27500005	1481	1487	reduce	T081	C0547047
27500005	1492	1496	risk	T078	C0035647
27500005	1500	1514	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27500005	1515	1535	neurovascular injury	T037	C1997626

27500198|t|A Systematic Review of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Urinary Protein Biomarkers in Urothelial Bladder Cancer
27500198|a|For over 80 years, cystoscopy has remained the gold-standard for detecting tumours of the urinary bladder. Since bladder tumours have a tendency to recur and progress, many patients are subjected to repeated cystoscopies during long-term surveillance, with the procedure being both unpleasant for the patient and expensive for healthcare providers. The identification and validation of bladder tumour specific molecular markers in urine could enable tumour detection and reduce reliance on cystoscopy, and numerous classes of biomarkers have been studied. Proteins represent the most intensively studied class of biomolecule in this setting. As an aid to researchers searching for better urinary biomarkers, we report a comprehensive systematic review of the literature and a searchable database of proteins that have been investigated to date. Our objective was to classify these proteins as: 1) those with robustly characterised sensitivity and specificity for bladder cancer detection; 2) those that show potential but further investigation is required; 3) those unlikely to warrant further investigation; and 4) those investigated as prognostic markers. This work should help to prioritise certain biomarkers for rigorous validation, whilst preventing wasted effort on proteins that have shown no association whatsoever with the disease, or only modest biomarker performance despite large-scale efforts at validation.
27500198	2	19	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
27500198	27	37	Diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27500198	42	58	Prognostic Value	T080	C1514475
27500198	62	69	Urinary	T080	C1524119
27500198	70	77	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27500198	78	88	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27500198	92	117	Urothelial Bladder Cancer	T191	C0751571
27500198	137	147	cystoscopy	T060	C0010702
27500198	165	178	gold-standard	T080	C0150110
27500198	183	192	detecting	T033	C0442726
27500198	193	200	tumours	T191	C0027651
27500198	208	223	urinary bladder	T023	C0005682
27500198	231	246	bladder tumours	T191	C0005695
27500198	266	271	recur	T067	C0034897
27500198	276	284	progress	T046	C0242656
27500198	291	299	patients	T101	C0030705
27500198	326	338	cystoscopies	T060	C0010702
27500198	346	355	long-term	T079	C0443252
27500198	356	368	surveillance	T058	C0733511
27500198	379	388	procedure	T061	C0184661
27500198	419	426	patient	T101	C0030705
27500198	445	465	healthcare providers	T097	C0018724
27500198	471	485	identification	T080	C0205396
27500198	490	500	validation	T062	C1519941
27500198	504	518	bladder tumour	T191	C0005695
27500198	528	545	molecular markers	T201	C0005516
27500198	549	554	urine	T031	C0042036
27500198	568	574	tumour	T191	C0027651
27500198	575	584	detection	T033	C0442726
27500198	596	604	reliance	T055	C0599403
27500198	608	618	cystoscopy	T060	C0010702
27500198	644	654	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27500198	674	682	Proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500198	714	742	studied class of biomolecule	UnknownType	C0681852
27500198	773	784	researchers	T097	C0035173
27500198	806	813	urinary	T080	C1524119
27500198	814	824	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27500198	838	869	comprehensive systematic review	T170	C1955832
27500198	877	887	literature	T170	C0023866
27500198	905	913	database	T170	C0242356
27500198	917	925	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500198	941	953	investigated	T058	C0220825
27500198	999	1007	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500198	1049	1076	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
27500198	1081	1095	bladder cancer	T191	C0005695
27500198	1096	1105	detection	T033	C0442726
27500198	1148	1161	investigation	T058	C0220825
27500198	1212	1225	investigation	T058	C0220825
27500198	1240	1252	investigated	T058	C0220825
27500198	1256	1274	prognostic markers	T080	C1514475
27500198	1320	1330	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27500198	1335	1354	rigorous validation	T062,T170	C0681836
27500198	1363	1373	preventing	T169	C1292733
27500198	1391	1399	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500198	1451	1458	disease	T047	C0012634
27500198	1475	1484	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27500198	1505	1524	large-scale efforts	UnknownType	C0814860
27500198	1528	1538	validation	T062,T170	C0681836

27500205|t|Of Kindlins and Cancer
27500205|a|Kindlins are 4.1-ezrin-ridixin-moesin (FERM) domain containing proteins. There are three kindlins in mammals, which share high sequence identity. Kindlin-1 is expressed primarily in epithelial cells, kindlin-2 is widely distributed and is particularly abundant in adherent cells, and kindlin-3 is expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells. These distributions are not exclusive; some cells express multiple kindlins, and transformed cells often exhibit aberrant expression, both in the isoforms and the levels of kindlins. Great interest in the kindlins has emerged from the recognition that they play major roles in controlling integrin function. In vitro studies, in vivo studies of mice deficient in kindlins, and studies of patients with genetic deficiencies of kindlins have clearly established that they regulate the capacity of integrins to mediate their functions. Kindlins are adaptor proteins; their function emanate from their interaction with binding partners, including the cytoplasmic tails of integrins and components of the actin cytoskeleton. The purpose of this review is to provide a brief overview of kindlin structure and function, a consideration of their binding partners, and then to focus on the relationship of each kindlin family member with cancer. In view of many correlations of kindlin expression levels and neoplasia and the known association of integrins with tumor progression and metastasis, we consider whether regulation of kindlins or their function would be attractive targets for treatment of cancer.
27500205	3	11	Kindlins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	16	22	Cancer	T191	C0006826
27500205	23	31	Kindlins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	36	74	4.1-ezrin-ridixin-moesin (FERM) domain	T087	C1514562
27500205	86	94	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	112	120	kindlins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	124	131	mammals	T015	C0024660
27500205	145	149	high	T080	C0205250
27500205	150	158	sequence	T087	C0002518
27500205	169	178	Kindlin-1	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	182	191	expressed	T045	C1171362
27500205	205	221	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27500205	223	232	kindlin-2	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	243	254	distributed	T169	C1704711
27500205	275	283	abundant	T080	C2346714
27500205	287	301	adherent cells	T025	C0007634
27500205	307	316	kindlin-3	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	320	329	expressed	T045	C1171362
27500205	343	362	hematopoietic cells	T025	C2323499
27500205	370	383	distributions	T169	C1704711
27500205	392	401	exclusive	T078	C1548966
27500205	408	413	cells	T025	C0007634
27500205	414	421	express	T045	C1171362
27500205	422	430	multiple	T081	C0439064
27500205	431	439	kindlins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	445	462	transformed cells	T025	C0007634
27500205	463	468	often	T079	C0332183
27500205	477	485	aberrant	T080	C0443127
27500205	486	496	expression	T045	C1171362
27500205	510	518	isoforms	T116	C0597298
27500205	527	533	levels	T080	C0441889
27500205	537	545	kindlins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	569	577	kindlins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	626	631	major	T080	C0205164
27500205	632	637	roles	T077	C1705810
27500205	641	652	controlling	T067	C2239193
27500205	653	661	integrin	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27500205	662	670	function	T044	C1527118
27500205	672	688	In vitro studies	T062	C0681828
27500205	690	705	in vivo studies	T062	C0681829
27500205	709	713	mice	T015	C0025929
27500205	714	723	deficient	T169	C0011155
27500205	727	735	kindlins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	741	748	studies	T062	C0681814
27500205	752	760	patients	T101	C0030705
27500205	766	773	genetic	T169	C0314603
27500205	774	786	deficiencies	T169	C0011155
27500205	790	798	kindlins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	812	823	established	T080	C0443211
27500205	847	855	capacity	T081	C1516240
27500205	859	868	integrins	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27500205	872	879	mediate	T080	C0205556
27500205	886	895	functions	T169	C0542341
27500205	897	905	Kindlins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	910	926	adaptor proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	934	942	function	T169	C0542341
27500205	943	950	emanate	T080	C0700364
27500205	962	973	interaction	T169	C1704675
27500205	979	986	binding	T044	C1167622
27500205	1011	1028	cytoplasmic tails	T026	C0521449
27500205	1032	1041	integrins	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27500205	1064	1082	actin cytoskeleton	T026	C0025979
27500205	1088	1095	purpose	T169	C1285529
27500205	1104	1110	review	T170	C0282443
27500205	1127	1132	brief	T079	C1879313
27500205	1133	1141	overview	T170	C0814812
27500205	1145	1152	kindlin	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	1153	1162	structure	T116	C1510464
27500205	1167	1175	function	T044	C1527118
27500205	1179	1192	consideration	T033	C0518609
27500205	1202	1209	binding	T044	C1167622
27500205	1245	1257	relationship	T080	C0439849
27500205	1266	1273	kindlin	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	1274	1280	family	T116,T123	C1335532
27500205	1281	1287	member	T096	C1551024
27500205	1293	1299	cancer	T191	C0006826
27500205	1304	1308	view	T082	C0449911
27500205	1317	1329	correlations	T080	C1707520
27500205	1333	1340	kindlin	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	1341	1351	expression	T045	C1171362
27500205	1352	1358	levels	T080	C0441889
27500205	1363	1372	neoplasia	T191	C0027651
27500205	1387	1398	association	T080	C0439849
27500205	1402	1411	integrins	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27500205	1417	1434	tumor progression	T191	C0178874
27500205	1439	1449	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27500205	1454	1462	consider	T078	C0750591
27500205	1485	1493	kindlins	T116,T123	C0033684
27500205	1503	1511	function	T169	C0542341
27500205	1521	1531	attractive	T080	C2346874
27500205	1532	1539	targets	T169	C1521840
27500205	1544	1563	treatment of cancer	T061	C0920425

27500262|t|Well, I Wouldn't be Any Worse Off, Would I, Than I am Now? A Qualitative Study of Decision-Making, Hopes, and Realities of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Undergoing Islet Cell Transplantation
27500262|a|For selected individuals with type 1 diabetes, pancreatic islet transplantation (IT) prevents recurrent severe hypoglycemia and optimizes glycemia, although ongoing systemic immunosuppression is needed. Our aim was to explore candidates and recipients ' expectations of transplantation, their experience of being on the waiting list, and (for recipients) the procedure and life posttransplant. Cross-sectional qualitative research design using semistructured interviews with 16 adults (8 pretransplant, 8 posttransplant; from 4 UK centers (n = 13) and 1 Canadian center (n = 3)). Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and underwent inductive thematic analysis. Interviewees were aged (mean ± SD) 52 ± 10 years (range, 30-64); duration of diabetes, 36 ± 9 years (range, 21-56); 12 (75%) were women. Narrative accounts centered on expectations, hopes, and realities; decision-making; waiting and uncertainty; the procedure, hospital stay, and follow-up. Expected benefits included fewer severe hypoglycemic episodes, reduced need for insulin, preventing onset/progression of complications and improved psychological well-being. These were realized for most, at least in the short term. Most interviewees described well-informed, shared decision-making with clinicians and family, and managing their expectations. Although life "on the list" could be stressful, and immunosuppressant side effects were severe, interviewees reported " no regrets ." Posttransplant, interviewees experienced increased confidence, through freedom from hypoglycemia and regained glycemic control, which tempered any disappointment about continued reliance on insulin. Most viewed their transplant as a success, though several reflected upon setbacks and hidden hopes for becoming " insulin-free ." Independently undertaken interviews demonstrated realistic and balanced expectations of IT and indicate how to optimize the process and support for future IT candidates.
27500262	61	78	Qualitative Study	T062	C0949415
27500262	82	97	Decision-Making	T041	C0011109
27500262	99	104	Hopes	T041	C0392347
27500262	110	119	Realities	T078	C0871222
27500262	123	129	Adults	T100	C0001675
27500262	135	150	Type 1 Diabetes	T047	C0011854
27500262	162	188	Islet Cell Transplantation	T061	C0079646
27500262	202	213	individuals	T098	C0237401
27500262	219	234	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
27500262	236	268	pancreatic islet transplantation	T061	C0079646
27500262	270	272	IT	T061	C0079646
27500262	300	312	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27500262	317	335	optimizes glycemia	T061	C3267174
27500262	354	380	systemic immunosuppression	T061	C0021079
27500262	415	425	candidates	T098	C1257890
27500262	430	440	recipients	T101	C0376387
27500262	459	474	transplantation	T061	C0040732
27500262	509	521	waiting list	T033	C0586018
27500262	532	542	recipients	T101	C0376387
27500262	567	581	posttransplant	T079	C1254367
27500262	599	610	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27500262	611	626	research design	T062	C0035171
27500262	648	658	interviews	T058	C0683518
27500262	667	673	adults	T100	C0001675
27500262	677	690	pretransplant	T079	C1254367
27500262	694	708	posttransplant	T079	C1254367
27500262	717	719	UK	T083	C0041700
27500262	720	727	centers	T073,T093	C0475309
27500262	743	751	Canadian	T083	C0006823
27500262	752	758	center	T073,T093	C0475309
27500262	769	779	Interviews	T058	C0683518
27500262	785	799	audio-recorded	T058	C2316646
27500262	828	855	inductive thematic analysis	T062	C0936012
27500262	857	869	Interviewees	T098	C0489844
27500262	900	905	years	T079	C0439234
27500262	922	930	duration	T079	C0449238
27500262	934	942	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27500262	951	956	years	T079	C0439234
27500262	987	992	women	T098	C0043210
27500262	1025	1037	expectations	T078	C0679138
27500262	1039	1044	hopes	T041	C0392347
27500262	1050	1059	realities	T078	C0871222
27500262	1061	1076	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27500262	1118	1131	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
27500262	1137	1146	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27500262	1188	1209	hypoglycemic episodes	T047	C0745153
27500262	1211	1218	reduced	T080	C0392756
27500262	1228	1235	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27500262	1269	1282	complications	T046	C0009566
27500262	1296	1320	psychological well-being	T033	C0424578
27500262	1385	1397	interviewees	T098	C0489844
27500262	1430	1445	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27500262	1451	1461	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27500262	1466	1472	family	T099	C0015576
27500262	1544	1553	stressful	T169	C0231297
27500262	1559	1576	immunosuppressant	T121,T129	C0021081
27500262	1577	1589	side effects	T046	C0879626
27500262	1595	1601	severe	T080	C0205082
27500262	1603	1615	interviewees	T098	C0489844
27500262	1627	1629	no	T033	C1513916
27500262	1630	1637	regrets	T041	C0080101
27500262	1641	1655	Posttransplant	T079	C1254367
27500262	1657	1669	interviewees	T098	C0489844
27500262	1692	1702	confidence	T041	C0237529
27500262	1712	1737	freedom from hypoglycemia	T033	C0243095
27500262	1751	1767	glycemic control	T061	C3267174
27500262	1831	1838	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27500262	1858	1868	transplant	T061	C0040732
27500262	1933	1938	hopes	T041	C0392347
27500262	1954	1966	insulin-free	T033	C0243095
27500262	1995	2005	interviews	T058	C0683518
27500262	2058	2060	IT	T061	C0079646
27500262	2125	2127	IT	T061	C0079646
27500262	2128	2138	candidates	T098	C1257890

27500434|t|Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Bone-Healing: A Systematic Review of Research Quality
27500434|a|Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often avoided by orthopaedic surgeons because of their possible influence on bone-healing. This belief stems from multiple studies, in particular animal studies, that show delayed bone-healing or nonunions associated with NSAID exposure. The purpose of this review was to critically analyze the quality of published literature that evaluates the impact of NSAIDs on clinical bone-healing. A MEDLINE and Embase search was conducted to identify all articles relating to bone and fracture-healing and the utilization of NSAIDs. All human studies, including review articles, were identified for further analysis. Non-English-language manuscripts and in vitro and animal studies were excluded. A total of twelve clinical articles and twenty-four literature reviews were selected for analysis. The quality of the clinical studies was assessed with a modified Coleman Methodology Score with emphasis on the NSAID utilization. Review articles were analyzed with regard to variability in the cited literature and final conclusions. The mean modified Coleman Methodology Score (and standard deviation) was significantly lower (p = 0.032) in clinical studies that demonstrated a negative effect of NSAIDs on bone-healing (40.0 ± 14.3 points) compared with those that concluded that NSAIDs were safe (58.8 ± 10.3 points). Review articles also demonstrated substantial variability in the number of cited clinical studies and overall conclusions. There were only two meta-analyses and twenty-two narrative reviews. The mean number (and standard deviation) of clinical studies cited was significantly greater (p = 0.008) for reviews that concluded that NSAIDs were safe (8.0 ± 4.8) compared with those that recommended avoiding them (2.1 ± 2.1). Unanimously, all reviews admitted to the need for prospective randomized controlled trials to help clarify the effects of NSAIDs on bone-healing. This systematic literature review highlights the great variability in the interpretation of the literature addressing the impact of NSAIDs on bone-healing. Unfortunately, there is no consensus regarding the safety of NSAIDs following orthopaedic procedures, and future studies should aim for appropriate methodological designs to help to clarify existing discrepancies to improve the quality of care for orthopaedic patients. This systematic review highlights the limitations in the current understanding of the effects of NSAIDs on bone healing. Thus, withholding these medications does not have any proven scientific benefit to patients and may even cause harm by increasing narcotic requirements in cases in which they could be beneficial for pain management. This review should encourage further basic-science and clinical studies to clarify the risks and benefits of anti-inflammatory medications in the postoperative period, with the aim of improving patient outcomes.
27500434	0	36	Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs	T121	C0003211
27500434	41	53	Bone-Healing	T033	C1321023
27500434	57	74	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
27500434	78	94	Research Quality	T062	C0814847
27500434	95	131	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	T121	C0003211
27500434	133	139	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27500434	162	182	orthopaedic surgeons	T097	C0334891
27500434	222	234	bone-healing	T033	C1321023
27500434	268	275	studies	T062	C2603343
27500434	291	305	animal studies	T008	C0683949
27500434	317	324	delayed	T079	C0205421
27500434	325	337	bone-healing	T033	C1321023
27500434	367	372	NSAID	T121	C0003211
27500434	373	381	exposure	T080	C0332157
27500434	403	409	review	T170	C0282441
27500434	428	435	analyze	T062	C0936012
27500434	440	447	quality	T080	C0332306
27500434	451	471	published literature	T073,T170	C0034036
27500434	491	497	impact	T080	C4049986
27500434	501	507	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27500434	511	519	clinical	T080	C0205210
27500434	520	532	bone-healing	T033	C1321023
27500434	536	543	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
27500434	548	554	Embase	T170	C0282574
27500434	592	600	articles	T170	C1706852
27500434	613	617	bone	T033	C1321023
27500434	622	638	fracture-healing	T042	C0162542
27500434	662	668	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27500434	674	687	human studies	T062	C0178693
27500434	699	714	review articles	T170	C1706852
27500434	744	752	analysis	T062	C0936012
27500434	754	786	Non-English-language manuscripts	T073,T170	C0600659
27500434	791	799	in vitro	T170	C0021135
27500434	804	818	animal studies	T008	C0683949
27500434	824	832	excluded	T078	C1554077
27500434	852	869	clinical articles	T170	C1706852
27500434	886	904	literature reviews	T170	C0282441
27500434	923	931	analysis	T062	C0936012
27500434	952	968	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27500434	998	1023	Coleman Methodology Score	T081	C0449820
27500434	1045	1050	NSAID	T121	C0003211
27500434	1064	1079	Review articles	T170	C1706852
27500434	1085	1093	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27500434	1109	1120	variability	T077	C2827666
27500434	1134	1144	literature	T170	C0023866
27500434	1155	1166	conclusions	T078	C1707478
27500434	1186	1211	Coleman Methodology Score	T081	C0449820
27500434	1217	1235	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27500434	1276	1292	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27500434	1332	1338	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27500434	1342	1354	bone-healing	T033	C1321023
27500434	1376	1384	compared	T052	C1707455
27500434	1416	1422	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27500434	1455	1470	Review articles	T170	C1706852
27500434	1501	1512	variability	T077	C2827666
27500434	1536	1552	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27500434	1598	1611	meta-analyses	T170	C0282458
27500434	1627	1644	narrative reviews	UnknownType	C0815257
27500434	1667	1685	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27500434	1690	1706	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27500434	1755	1762	reviews	T170	C0282441
27500434	1783	1789	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27500434	1893	1900	reviews	T170	C0282441
27500434	1938	1966	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27500434	1998	2004	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27500434	2008	2020	bone-healing	T033	C1321023
27500434	2027	2055	systematic literature review	T170	C1955832
27500434	2077	2088	variability	T077	C2827666
27500434	2118	2128	literature	T170	C0023866
27500434	2144	2150	impact	T080	C4049986
27500434	2154	2160	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27500434	2164	2176	bone-healing	T033	C1321023
27500434	2239	2245	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27500434	2256	2278	orthopaedic procedures	T061	C0524852
27500434	2291	2298	studies	T062	C2603343
27500434	2326	2348	methodological designs	T062	C0035171
27500434	2377	2390	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
27500434	2406	2421	quality of care	T058	C0034379
27500434	2426	2446	orthopaedic patients	T101	C0030705
27500434	2453	2470	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27500434	2486	2497	limitations	T169	C0449295
27500434	2534	2541	effects	T080	C1280500
27500434	2545	2551	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27500434	2555	2567	bone healing	T033	C1321023
27500434	2593	2604	medications	T121	C0013227
27500434	2630	2648	scientific benefit	T081	C0814225
27500434	2652	2660	patients	T101	C0030705
27500434	2680	2684	harm	T037	C0178314
27500434	2699	2707	narcotic	T121,T131	C0027415
27500434	2768	2783	pain management	T061	C0002766
27500434	2840	2856	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27500434	2872	2877	risks	T078	C0035647
27500434	2882	2890	benefits	T081	C0814225
27500434	2894	2923	anti-inflammatory medications	T121	C0003209
27500434	2931	2951	postoperative period	T079	C0032790
27500434	2979	2986	patient	T101	C0030705
27500434	2987	2995	outcomes	T080	C0085415

27500809|t|The nanocomposite nature of bone drives its strength and damage resistance
27500809|a|In human bone, an amorphous mineral serves as a precursor to the formation of a highly substituted nanocrystalline apatite. However, the precise role of this amorphous mineral remains unknown. Here, we show by using transmission electron microscopy that 100-300 nm amorphous calcium phosphate regions are present in the disordered phase of trabecular bone. Nanomechanical experiments on cylindrical samples, with diameters between 250 nm and 3,000 nm, of the bone's ordered and disordered phases revealed a transition from plastic deformation to brittle failure and at least a factor-of-2 higher strength in the smaller samples. We postulate that this transition in failure mechanism is caused by the suppression of extrafibrillar shearing in the smaller samples, and that the emergent smaller -is- stronger size effect is related to the sample-size scaling of the distribution of flaws. Our findings should help in the understanding of the multi-scale nature of bone and provide insights into the biomineralization process.
27500809	4	17	nanocomposite	T080	C0205199
27500809	28	32	bone	T023	C0262950
27500809	44	52	strength	T081	C0237897
27500809	57	63	damage	T169	C1883709
27500809	64	74	resistance	T169	C4281815
27500809	78	88	human bone	T023	C0277764
27500809	93	102	amorphous	T080	C1979848
27500809	103	110	mineral	T197	C0026162
27500809	123	132	precursor	T078	C1709634
27500809	140	149	formation	T169	C1522492
27500809	174	189	nanocrystalline	T073	C1721058
27500809	190	197	apatite	T197	C0003522
27500809	233	242	amorphous	T080	C1979848
27500809	243	250	mineral	T197	C0026162
27500809	291	323	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
27500809	340	349	amorphous	T080	C1979848
27500809	350	367	calcium phosphate	T121,T197	C0006711
27500809	368	375	regions	T029	C0005898
27500809	395	411	disordered phase	T082	C1254362
27500809	415	430	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
27500809	432	458	Nanomechanical experiments	T062	C0681814
27500809	462	473	cylindrical	T082	C0946010
27500809	474	481	samples	T167	C0370003
27500809	488	497	diameters	T081	C1301886
27500809	534	540	bone's	T023	C0262950
27500809	541	548	ordered	T082	C1254362
27500809	553	570	disordered phases	T082	C1254362
27500809	582	592	transition	T052	C2700061
27500809	598	605	plastic	T070	C0678558
27500809	606	617	deformation	T033	C0575133
27500809	621	628	brittle	T033	C3810845
27500809	629	636	failure	T037	C0016658
27500809	671	679	strength	T081	C0237897
27500809	687	694	smaller	T080	C0547044
27500809	695	702	samples	T167	C0370003
27500809	727	737	transition	T052	C2700061
27500809	741	748	failure	T169	C0231174
27500809	749	758	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27500809	776	787	suppression	T169	C1260953
27500809	791	805	extrafibrillar	T026	C0225328
27500809	806	814	shearing	T061	C0205013
27500809	830	837	samples	T167	C0370003
27500809	861	868	smaller	T080	C0547044
27500809	874	882	stronger	T080	C0442821
27500809	883	894	size effect	T081	C0814843
27500809	913	924	sample-size	T081	C0242618
27500809	925	932	scaling	T052	C1947916
27500809	967	975	findings	T033	C0243095
27500809	1016	1034	multi-scale nature	T078	C0349590
27500809	1038	1042	bone	T023	C0262950
27500809	1073	1090	biomineralization	T042	C0006660
27500809	1091	1098	process	T067	C1522240

27501756|t|Long noncoding RNA XIST acts as an oncogene in non-small cell lung cancer by epigenetically repressing KLF2 expression
27501756|a|Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as critical regulators in numerous types of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). X inactivate-specific transcript (XIST) has been found to be up-regulated and acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, but little is known about its expression pattern, biological function and underlying mechanism in NSCLC. Here, we identified XIST as an oncogenic lncRNA by driving tumorigenesis in NSCLC. We found that XIST is over- expressed in NSCLC, and its increased level is associated with shorter survival and poorer prognosis. Knockdown of XIST impaired NSCLC cells proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro, and repressed the tumorigenicity of NSCLC cells in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA immune-precipitation (RIP) and RNA pull-down experiment demonstrated that XIST could simultaneously interact with EZH2 to suppress transcription of its potential target KLF2. Additionally, rescue experiments revealed that XIST 's oncogenic functions were partly depending on silencing KLF2 expression. Collectively, our findings expound how XIST over- expression endows an oncogenic function in NSCLC.
27501756	0	18	Long noncoding RNA	T114	C2982391
27501756	19	23	XIST	T114	C3273444
27501756	35	43	oncogene	T028	C0029016
27501756	47	73	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27501756	77	102	epigenetically repressing	T045	C3494434
27501756	103	107	KLF2	T116,T123	C1456423
27501756	108	118	expression	T045	C1171362
27501756	129	148	long noncoding RNAs	T114	C2982391
27501756	150	157	lncRNAs	T114	C2982391
27501756	169	179	identified	T080	C0205396
27501756	192	202	regulators	T028	C0017362
27501756	206	214	numerous	T081	C0439064
27501756	224	231	cancers	T191	C0006826
27501756	243	269	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27501756	271	276	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27501756	279	311	X inactivate-specific transcript	T114	C3273444
27501756	313	317	XIST	T114	C3273444
27501756	340	352	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27501756	368	376	oncogene	T028	C0029016
27501756	380	394	gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27501756	399	423	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27501756	455	465	expression	T045	C1171362
27501756	466	473	pattern	T082	C0449774
27501756	475	494	biological function	T038	C3714634
27501756	510	519	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27501756	523	528	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27501756	539	549	identified	T080	C0205396
27501756	550	554	XIST	T114,T123	C1571617
27501756	561	570	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
27501756	571	577	lncRNA	T114	C2982391
27501756	589	602	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27501756	606	611	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27501756	627	631	XIST	T114,T123	C1571617
27501756	641	650	expressed	T045	C0040649
27501756	654	659	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27501756	669	678	increased	T081	C0205217
27501756	679	684	level	T080	C0441889
27501756	688	703	associated with	T080	C0332281
27501756	704	720	shorter survival	T033	C1850775
27501756	725	741	poorer prognosis	T033	C0278252
27501756	743	752	Knockdown	T063	C2350567
27501756	756	760	XIST	T114,T123	C1571617
27501756	761	769	impaired	T169	C0221099
27501756	770	775	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27501756	776	795	cells proliferation	T043	C0596290
27501756	797	806	migration	T043	C1622501
27501756	811	819	invasion	T046	C2699153
27501756	820	828	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27501756	848	862	tumorigenicity	T046	C1519697
27501756	866	871	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27501756	878	885	in vivo	T062	C0681829
27501756	904	907	RNA	T114	C0035668
27501756	908	928	immune-precipitation	T059	C0021069
27501756	930	933	RIP	T059	C0021069
27501756	939	942	RNA	T114	C0035668
27501756	943	963	pull-down experiment	T062	C0681814
27501756	982	986	XIST	T114,T123	C1571617
27501756	1008	1016	interact	T169	C1704675
27501756	1022	1026	EZH2	T116,T123	C1172384
27501756	1030	1038	suppress	T169	C1260953
27501756	1039	1052	transcription	T045	C0040649
27501756	1060	1069	potential	T080	C3245505
27501756	1070	1076	target	T169	C1521840
27501756	1077	1081	KLF2	T116,T123	C1456423
27501756	1104	1115	experiments	T062	C0681814
27501756	1116	1124	revealed	T080	C0443289
27501756	1130	1134	XIST	T114,T123	C1571617
27501756	1138	1147	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
27501756	1148	1157	functions	T169	C0542341
27501756	1183	1192	silencing	T045	C0598496
27501756	1193	1197	KLF2	T116,T123	C1456423
27501756	1198	1208	expression	T045	C1171362
27501756	1228	1236	findings	T033	C0243095
27501756	1249	1253	XIST	T114,T123	C1571617
27501756	1260	1270	expression	T045	C0040649
27501756	1281	1290	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
27501756	1291	1299	function	T169	C0542341
27501756	1303	1308	NSCLC	T191	C0007131

27501910|t|Assessing the physiological relevance of alternate architectures of the p7 protein of hepatitis C virus in different environments
27501910|a|The viroporin p7 of the hepatitis C virus forms multimeric channels eligible for ion transport across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Currently the subject of many studies and discussion, the molecular assembly of the ion channel and the structural characteristics of the p7 monomer are not yet fully understood. Structural investigation of p7 has been carried out only in detergent environments, making the interpretation of the experimental results somewhat questionable. Here, we analyze by means of molecular dynamics simulations the structure of the p7 monomer as a function of its sequence, initial conformation and environment. We investigate the conductance properties of three models of a hexameric p7 ion channel by examining ion translocation in a pure lipid bilayer. It is noteworthy that although none of the models reflects the experimentally observed trend to conduct preferentially cations, we were able to identify the position and orientation of titratable acidic or basic residues playing a crucial role in ion selectivity and in the overall conductance of the channel. In addition, too compact a packing of the monomers leads to channel collapse rather than formation of a reasonable pore, amenable to ion translocation. The present findings are envisioned to help assess the physiological relevance of p7 ion channel models consisting of multimeric structures obtained in non-native environments.
27501910	0	9	Assessing	T052	C1516048
27501910	14	27	physiological	T169	C0205463
27501910	28	37	relevance	T080	C2347946
27501910	51	64	architectures	T082	C0678594
27501910	72	82	p7 protein	T116,T123	C0257097
27501910	86	103	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
27501910	117	129	environments	T082	C0014406
27501910	134	143	viroporin	T038	C3820740
27501910	144	146	p7	T116,T123	C0257097
27501910	154	171	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
27501910	178	197	multimeric channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27501910	211	224	ion transport	T043	C0162585
27501910	236	266	endoplasmic reticulum membrane	T026	C0230770
27501910	282	289	subject	T078	C1706203
27501910	298	305	studies	T062	C2603343
27501910	326	344	molecular assembly	T044	C0872376
27501910	352	363	ion channel	T116,T123	C0022009
27501910	372	382	structural	T082	C0678594
27501910	383	398	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27501910	406	408	p7	T116,T123	C0257097
27501910	409	416	monomer	T104	C0596973
27501910	447	457	Structural	T082	C0678594
27501910	458	471	investigation	T169	C1292732
27501910	475	477	p7	T116,T123	C0257097
27501910	507	516	detergent	T120	C0011740
27501910	517	529	environments	T082	C0014406
27501910	617	624	analyze	T062	C0936012
27501910	637	667	molecular dynamics simulations	T066	C2717775
27501910	672	681	structure	T082	C0678594
27501910	689	691	p7	T116,T123	C0257097
27501910	692	699	monomer	T104	C0596973
27501910	721	729	sequence	T087	C0002518
27501910	739	751	conformation	T082	C0026377
27501910	756	767	environment	T082	C0014406
27501910	788	799	conductance	UnknownType	C0678840
27501910	820	826	models	T075	C0026339
27501910	832	841	hexameric	T104	C1254350
27501910	842	844	p7	T116,T123	C0257097
27501910	845	856	ion channel	T116,T123	C0022009
27501910	870	887	ion translocation	T043	C0162585
27501910	898	911	lipid bilayer	T026	C0023768
27501910	956	962	models	T075	C0026339
27501910	1032	1039	cations	T104	C0007447
27501910	1070	1078	position	T082	C1550045
27501910	1083	1094	orientation	T082	C1704322
27501910	1109	1133	acidic or basic residues	T077	C1709915
27501910	1160	1163	ion	T196	C0022023
27501910	1164	1175	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27501910	1195	1206	conductance	UnknownType	C0678840
27501910	1214	1221	channel	T116,T123	C0022009
27501910	1250	1257	packing	T044	C1148560
27501910	1265	1273	monomers	T104	C0596973
27501910	1283	1290	channel	T116,T123	C0022009
27501910	1291	1299	collapse	T067	C0332521
27501910	1338	1342	pore	T026	C1325742
27501910	1356	1373	ion translocation	T043	C0162585
27501910	1430	1443	physiological	T169	C0205463
27501910	1444	1453	relevance	T080	C2347946
27501910	1457	1459	p7	T116,T123	C0257097
27501910	1460	1471	ion channel	T116,T123	C0022009
27501910	1472	1478	models	T075	C0026339
27501910	1493	1514	multimeric structures	T082	C0678594
27501910	1538	1550	environments	T082	C0014406

27502245|t|Cartilage inflammation and degeneration is enhanced by pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages in vitro, but not inhibited directly by anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages
27502245|a|Macrophages play a crucial role in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Their phenotype may range from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct effects of macrophage subtypes on cartilage by culturing macrophage conditioned medium (MCM) on human articular cartilage. Human OA cartilage explants were cultured with MCM of pro-inflammatory M (IFNγ + TNFα), or anti-inflammatory M (IL-4) or M (IL-10) human monocyte-derived macrophages. To assess effects of anti-inflammatory macrophages, the cartilage was cultured with a combination of MCM phenotypes as well as pre-stimulated with IFNγ + TNFα cartilage before culture with MCM. The reactions of the explants were assessed by gene expression, nitric oxide (NO) production and release of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). M (IFNγ + TNFα) MCM affected OA cartilage by upregulation of IL1B (Interleukin 1β), IL6, MMP13 (Matrix Metalloproteinase-13) and ADAMTS5 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs-5), while inhibiting ACAN (aggrecan) and COL2A1 (collagen type II). M (IL-10) upregulated IL1B and Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). NO production and GAG release by the cartilage was increased when cultured with M (IFNγ + TNFα) MCM. M (IL-4) and M (IL-10) did not inhibit the effects of M (IFNγ + TNFα) MCM of neither phenotype affected IFNγ + TNFα pre-stimulated cartilage, in which an inflammatory gene response was deliberately induced. M (IFNγ + TNFα) macrophages have a prominent direct effect on OA cartilage, while M (IL-4) and M (IL-10) do not inhibit the effects of M (IFNγ + TNFα), or IFN γ+ TNFα induced inflammation of the cartilage. Therapies aiming at inhibiting cartilage degeneration may take this into account by directing suppression of pro-inflammatory macrophages or stimulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages.
27502245	0	22	Cartilage inflammation	T047	C0008439
27502245	27	39	degeneration	T046	C1285228
27502245	43	51	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27502245	55	71	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27502245	72	88	(M1) macrophages	T025	C0024432
27502245	89	97	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27502245	107	116	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27502245	117	125	directly	T080	C1947931
27502245	129	146	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27502245	147	163	(M2) macrophages	T025	C4086555
27502245	164	175	Macrophages	T025	C0024432
27502245	203	214	progression	T169	C0449258
27502245	218	232	osteoarthritis	T047	C0029408
27502245	234	236	OA	T047	C0029408
27502245	245	254	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27502245	270	286	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27502245	290	307	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27502245	351	357	direct	T080	C1947931
27502245	358	368	effects of	T080	C1704420
27502245	369	379	macrophage	T025	C0024432
27502245	380	388	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27502245	392	401	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27502245	405	414	culturing	T059	C0430400
27502245	415	425	macrophage	T025	C0024432
27502245	426	444	conditioned medium	T130	C0162518
27502245	446	449	MCM	T130	C0162518
27502245	454	459	human	T016	C0086418
27502245	460	479	articular cartilage	T024	C0007303
27502245	481	486	Human	T016	C0086418
27502245	487	489	OA	T047	C0029408
27502245	490	499	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27502245	500	508	explants	T061	C0444933
27502245	514	522	cultured	T059	C0430400
27502245	528	531	MCM	T130	C0162518
27502245	535	553	pro-inflammatory M	T025	C0024432
27502245	555	559	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27502245	562	566	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27502245	572	591	anti-inflammatory M	T025	C0024432
27502245	593	598	IL-4)	T116,T129	C0021758
27502245	602	603	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	605	610	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27502245	612	617	human	T016	C0086418
27502245	618	646	monocyte-derived macrophages	T025	C0024432
27502245	651	657	assess	T052	C1516048
27502245	658	668	effects of	T080	C1704420
27502245	669	698	anti-inflammatory macrophages	T025	C0024432
27502245	704	713	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27502245	718	726	cultured	T059	C0430400
27502245	734	745	combination	T080	C0205195
27502245	749	752	MCM	T130	C0162518
27502245	753	763	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27502245	775	789	pre-stimulated	T070	C1948023
27502245	795	799	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27502245	802	806	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27502245	807	816	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27502245	824	831	culture	T059	C0430400
27502245	837	840	MCM	T130	C0162518
27502245	877	885	assessed	T052	C1516048
27502245	889	904	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27502245	906	934	nitric oxide (NO) production	T038	C3155545
27502245	939	946	release	T169	C1283071
27502245	950	968	glycosaminoglycans	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27502245	970	974	GAGs	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27502245	977	978	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	980	984	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27502245	987	991	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27502245	993	996	MCM	T130	C0162518
27502245	1006	1008	OA	T047	C0029408
27502245	1009	1018	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27502245	1022	1034	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27502245	1038	1042	IL1B	T116,T129	C0021753
27502245	1044	1058	Interleukin 1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27502245	1061	1064	IL6	T116,T129	C0021760
27502245	1066	1071	MMP13	T116,T126	C0255672
27502245	1073	1100	Matrix Metalloproteinase-13	T116,T126	C0255672
27502245	1106	1113	ADAMTS5	T116,T126	C4255122
27502245	1115	1179	A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs-5	T116,T126	C4255122
27502245	1188	1198	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27502245	1199	1203	ACAN	T116,T123	C1429453
27502245	1205	1213	aggrecan	T116,T123	C1429453
27502245	1219	1225	COL2A1	T116,T123	C1505419
27502245	1227	1243	collagen type II	T116,T123	C1505419
27502245	1246	1247	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	1249	1254	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27502245	1256	1267	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27502245	1268	1272	IL1B	T116,T129	C0021753
27502245	1277	1311	Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	T116	C3275256
27502245	1313	1318	SOCS1	T116	C3275256
27502245	1321	1334	NO production	T038	C3155545
27502245	1339	1342	GAG	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27502245	1343	1350	release	T169	C1283071
27502245	1358	1367	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27502245	1372	1381	increased	T081	C0205217
27502245	1387	1395	cultured	T059	C0430400
27502245	1401	1402	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	1404	1408	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27502245	1411	1415	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27502245	1417	1420	MCM	T130	C0162518
27502245	1422	1423	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	1425	1430	IL-4)	T116,T129	C0021758
27502245	1435	1436	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	1438	1444	IL-10)	T116,T129	C0085295
27502245	1453	1460	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27502245	1465	1475	effects of	T080	C1704420
27502245	1476	1477	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	1479	1483	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27502245	1486	1490	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27502245	1492	1495	MCM	T130	C0162518
27502245	1507	1516	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27502245	1517	1525	affected	T169	C0392760
27502245	1526	1530	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27502245	1533	1537	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27502245	1538	1552	pre-stimulated	T070	C1948023
27502245	1553	1562	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27502245	1576	1593	inflammatory gene	T028	C0017337
27502245	1594	1602	response	T032	C0871261
27502245	1607	1619	deliberately	T080	C0205556
27502245	1620	1627	induced	T169	C0205263
27502245	1629	1630	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	1632	1636	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27502245	1639	1643	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27502245	1645	1656	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27502245	1664	1673	prominent	T080	C0205402
27502245	1674	1680	direct	T080	C1947931
27502245	1681	1687	effect	T080	C1280500
27502245	1691	1693	OA	T047	C0029408
27502245	1694	1703	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27502245	1711	1712	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	1714	1719	IL-4)	T116,T129	C0021758
27502245	1724	1725	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	1727	1733	IL-10)	T116,T129	C0085295
27502245	1741	1748	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27502245	1753	1763	effects of	T080	C1704420
27502245	1764	1765	M	T025	C0024432
27502245	1767	1771	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27502245	1774	1778	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27502245	1784	1787	IFN	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27502245	1791	1795	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27502245	1796	1803	induced	T169	C0205263
27502245	1804	1816	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27502245	1824	1833	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27502245	1835	1844	Therapies	T061	C0087111
27502245	1855	1865	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27502245	1866	1888	cartilage degeneration	T046	C1285228
27502245	1929	1940	suppression	T045	C0038855
27502245	1944	1972	pro-inflammatory macrophages	T025	C0024432
27502245	1976	1987	stimulation	T070	C1948023
27502245	1991	2020	anti-inflammatory macrophages	T025	C0024432

27502941|t|The genome -scale DNA-binding profile of BarR, a β-alanine responsive transcription factor in the archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius
27502941|a|The Leucine-responsive Regulatory Protein (Lrp) family is a widespread family of regulatory transcription factors in prokaryotes. BarR is an Lrp -like transcription factor in the model archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius that activates the expression of a β-alanine aminotransferase gene, which is involved in β-alanine degradation. In contrast to classical Lrp -like transcription factors, BarR is not responsive to any of the α-amino acids but interacts specifically with β-alanine. Besides the juxtaposed β-alanine aminotransferase gene, other regulatory targets of BarR have not yet been identified although β-alanine is the precursor of coenzyme A and thus an important central metabolite. The aim of this study is to extend the knowledge of the DNA-binding characteristics of BarR and of its corresponding regulon from a local to a genome -wide perspective. We characterized the genome-wide binding profile of BarR using chromatin immunoprecipation combined with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). This revealed 21 genomic binding loci. High-enrichment binding regions were validated to interact with purified BarR protein in vitro using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and almost all targets were also shown to harbour a conserved semi-palindromic binding motif. Only a small subset of enriched genomic sites are located in intergenic regions at a relative short distance to a promoter, and qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated that only one additional operon is under activation of BarR, namely the glutamine synthase operon. The latter is also a target of other Lrp -like transcription factors. Detailed inspection of the BarR ChIP-seq profile at the β-alanine aminotransferase promoter region in combination with binding motif predictions indicate that the operator structure is more complicated than previously anticipated, consisting of multiple (major and auxiliary) operators. BarR has a limited regulon, and includes also glutamine synthase genes besides the previously characterized β-alanine aminotransferase. Regulation of glutamine synthase is suggestive of a link between β-alanine and α-amino acid metabolism in S. acidocaldarius. Furthermore, this work reveals that the BarR regulon overlaps with that of other Lrp -like regulators.
27502941	4	10	genome	T028	C0017428
27502941	18	29	DNA-binding	T045	C1148673
27502941	30	37	profile	T059	C1979963
27502941	41	45	BarR	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	49	58	β-alanine	T116,T121,T123	C0000392
27502941	59	69	responsive	T169	C0205342
27502941	70	90	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27502941	98	106	archaeon	T194	C0003732
27502941	107	132	Sulfolobus acidocaldarius	T194	C0085459
27502941	137	174	Leucine-responsive Regulatory Protein	T116,T123	C0125575
27502941	176	179	Lrp	T116,T123	C0125575
27502941	181	187	family	T116,T123	C1335532
27502941	204	210	family	T116,T123	C1335532
27502941	214	246	regulatory transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27502941	250	261	prokaryotes	T001	C0686817
27502941	263	267	BarR	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	274	277	Lrp	T116,T123	C0125575
27502941	284	304	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27502941	318	326	archaeon	T194	C0003732
27502941	327	352	Sulfolobus acidocaldarius	T194	C0085459
27502941	358	367	activates	T052	C1879547
27502941	372	382	expression	T045	C0017262
27502941	388	419	β-alanine aminotransferase gene	T028	C0017337
27502941	442	463	β-alanine degradation	T044	C1156738
27502941	490	493	Lrp	T116,T123	C0125575
27502941	500	521	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27502941	523	527	BarR	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	531	545	not responsive	T033	C0237284
27502941	560	573	α-amino acids	T116,T123	C0311462
27502941	606	615	β-alanine	T116,T121,T123	C0000392
27502941	640	671	β-alanine aminotransferase gene	T028	C0017337
27502941	701	705	BarR	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	744	753	β-alanine	T116,T121,T123	C0000392
27502941	761	770	precursor	T116,T123	C0014436
27502941	774	784	coenzyme A	T114,T123	C0009226
27502941	815	825	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27502941	831	834	aim	T078	C1947946
27502941	843	848	study	T062	C2603343
27502941	883	894	DNA-binding	T045	C1148673
27502941	895	910	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27502941	914	918	BarR	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	944	951	regulon	T028	C0206522
27502941	959	964	local	T082	C0205276
27502941	970	976	genome	T028	C0017428
27502941	1017	1044	genome-wide binding profile	T059	C2986505
27502941	1048	1052	BarR	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	1059	1086	chromatin immunoprecipation	T059	C1328856
27502941	1101	1127	high-throughput sequencing	T063	C2936621
27502941	1129	1137	ChIP-seq	T063	C2936621
27502941	1157	1164	genomic	T028	C0017428
27502941	1165	1172	binding	T044	C1167622
27502941	1173	1177	loci	T082	C1708726
27502941	1195	1210	binding regions	T045	C3158196
27502941	1252	1264	BarR protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	1265	1273	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27502941	1280	1317	electrophoretic mobility shift assays	T059	C0949632
27502941	1370	1379	conserved	T086	C0009802
27502941	1380	1396	semi-palindromic	T114,T123	C2350254
27502941	1397	1410	binding motif	T087	C1514535
27502941	1444	1457	genomic sites	T028	C0017428
27502941	1473	1491	intergenic regions	T114,T123	C0887859
27502941	1526	1534	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27502941	1540	1556	qRT-PCR analysis	T059	C2733022
27502941	1595	1601	operon	T028	C0029073
27502941	1611	1621	activation	T045	C0599177
27502941	1625	1629	BarR	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	1642	1667	glutamine synthase operon	T028	C0029073
27502941	1706	1709	Lrp	T116,T123	C0125575
27502941	1716	1737	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27502941	1766	1770	BarR	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	1771	1787	ChIP-seq profile	T034	C3463810
27502941	1795	1837	β-alanine aminotransferase promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27502941	1841	1852	combination	T080	C0205195
27502941	1858	1871	binding motif	T087	C1514535
27502941	1902	1920	operator structure	T114,T123	C0086734
27502941	1929	1940	complicated	T169	C0231242
27502941	1984	2024	multiple (major and auxiliary) operators	T114,T123	C0086734
27502941	2026	2030	BarR	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	2037	2044	limited	T169	C0439801
27502941	2045	2052	regulon	T028	C0206522
27502941	2072	2096	glutamine synthase genes	T028	C0017337
27502941	2134	2160	β-alanine aminotransferase	T028	C0017337
27502941	2162	2172	Regulation	T038	C1327622
27502941	2176	2194	glutamine synthase	T116,T126	C0017801
27502941	2227	2236	β-alanine	T044	C1156837
27502941	2241	2264	α-amino acid metabolism	T044	C3547146
27502941	2268	2285	S. acidocaldarius	T194	C0085459
27502941	2327	2331	BarR	T116,T123	C0033684
27502941	2332	2339	regulon	T028	C0206522
27502941	2368	2371	Lrp	T116,T123	C0125575
27502941	2378	2388	regulators	T077	C1704735

27503306|t|Preclinical fibrinolysis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in a rural region
27503306|a|In the current guidelines for the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommends preclinical fibrinolysis as a reperfusion therapy if, due to long transportation times, no cardiac catheterisation is available within 90-120 min. However, there is little remaining in-depth expertise in this method because fibrinolysis is presently only rarely indicated. In a rural area in southwestern Germany, where an emergency primary percutaneous coronary intervention was not routinely available within 90-120 min, 156 STEMI patients underwent fibrinolysis with the plasminogen activator reteplase, performed by trained emergency physicians. The practicality of the treatment, as well as complications and the mortality of the patients in the preclinical phase until arrival at the hospital, were retrospectively studied. The mean time from onset of the symptoms to first medical contact was 114 ± 116 min. The mean interval to the start of fibrinolysis of 13.5 ± 6.4 min was within the 30 min mandated by the ESC. Patients with inferior STEMI represented the largest subgroup. Occurring in 39 cases (25 %), complications due to infarction were relatively common during the prehospital phase, including 15 cases (9.6 %) of cardiogenic shock, but in all cases the complications were manageable. No patient died before arrival at the hospital. As lysis - associated adverse effects, merely two uncomplicated mucosal haemorrhages and one case of mild allergic skin reactions were seen. In emergency situations with long transportation times to the nearest suitable cardiac catheterisation laboratory, preclinical fibrinolysis in STEMI still represents a workable method. Success of this strategy requires particularly strong training of the emergency physicians in ECG and lysis therapy, and co-operation with nearby cardiac centres.
27503306	0	11	Preclinical	T080	C1709630
27503306	12	24	fibrinolysis	T039	C0016017
27503306	28	36	patients	T101	C0030705
27503306	42	84	ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction	T047	C1536220
27503306	90	102	rural region	T082	C0178837
27503306	110	128	current guidelines	T170	C4291682
27503306	137	146	treatment	T061	C0087111
27503306	150	158	patients	T101	C0030705
27503306	164	206	ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction	T047	C1536220
27503306	208	213	STEMI	T047	C1536220
27503306	257	267	recommends	T078	C0034866
27503306	268	279	preclinical	T080	C1709630
27503306	280	292	fibrinolysis	T039	C0016017
27503306	298	317	reperfusion therapy	T061	C0035124
27503306	334	348	transportation	T078	C1554194
27503306	349	354	times	T079	C0040223
27503306	359	382	cardiac catheterisation	T058	C0018795
27503306	386	395	available	T169	C0470187
27503306	410	413	min	T079	C0439232
27503306	440	449	remaining	T080	C1527428
27503306	459	468	expertise	T080	C0870520
27503306	477	483	method	T169	C0449851
27503306	492	504	fibrinolysis	T039	C0016017
27503306	508	517	presently	T078	C0750528
27503306	523	529	rarely	T080	C0522498
27503306	530	539	indicated	T033	C1444656
27503306	546	556	rural area	T082	C0178837
27503306	560	572	southwestern	T082	C1710136
27503306	573	580	Germany	T083	C0017480
27503306	591	643	emergency primary percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532297
27503306	652	661	routinely	T080	C0205547
27503306	662	671	available	T169	C0470187
27503306	686	689	min	T079	C0439232
27503306	695	700	STEMI	T047	C1536220
27503306	701	709	patients	T101	C0030705
27503306	720	732	fibrinolysis	T039	C0016017
27503306	742	773	plasminogen activator reteplase	T116,T121,T126	C0256103
27503306	775	787	performed by	T080	C1550369
27503306	796	805	emergency	T067	C0013956
27503306	806	816	physicians	T097	C0031831
27503306	822	834	practicality	T080	C0205556
27503306	842	851	treatment	T061	C0087111
27503306	864	877	complications	T046	C0009566
27503306	886	895	mortality	T081	C0205848
27503306	903	911	patients	T101	C0030705
27503306	919	930	preclinical	T080	C1709630
27503306	931	936	phase	T079	C0205390
27503306	943	950	arrival	T052	C1706079
27503306	958	966	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27503306	973	996	retrospectively studied	T062	C0035363
27503306	1002	1011	mean time	T079	C0040223
27503306	1017	1025	onset of	T080	C0332162
27503306	1030	1038	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27503306	1048	1063	medical contact	T058	C0582446
27503306	1078	1081	min	T079	C0439232
27503306	1087	1100	mean interval	T079	C1272706
27503306	1108	1113	start	T079	C0439659
27503306	1117	1129	fibrinolysis	T039	C0016017
27503306	1144	1147	min	T079	C0439232
27503306	1166	1169	min	T079	C0439232
27503306	1170	1178	mandated	T089	C0520248
27503306	1191	1199	Patients	T101	C0030705
27503306	1205	1219	inferior STEMI	T047	C2882099
27503306	1220	1231	represented	T052	C1882932
27503306	1236	1243	largest	T081	C0443228
27503306	1244	1252	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27503306	1270	1275	cases	T096	C0681850
27503306	1284	1297	complications	T046	C0009566
27503306	1305	1315	infarction	T046	C0021308
27503306	1332	1338	common	T081	C0205214
27503306	1350	1361	prehospital	T058	C2735050
27503306	1362	1367	phase	T079	C0205390
27503306	1382	1387	cases	T096	C0681850
27503306	1399	1416	cardiogenic shock	T046	C0036980
27503306	1429	1434	cases	T096	C0681850
27503306	1439	1452	complications	T046	C0009566
27503306	1458	1468	manageable	T033	C0243095
27503306	1473	1480	patient	T101	C0030705
27503306	1481	1485	died	T033	C1306577
27503306	1493	1500	arrival	T052	C1706079
27503306	1508	1516	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27503306	1521	1526	lysis	T046	C0024348
27503306	1529	1539	associated	T080	C0332281
27503306	1540	1555	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27503306	1568	1581	uncomplicated	T080	C0443334
27503306	1582	1602	mucosal haemorrhages	T184	C0854375
27503306	1619	1647	mild allergic skin reactions	T047	C0863090
27503306	1653	1657	seen	T080	C0205397
27503306	1662	1682	emergency situations	T067	C0013956
27503306	1693	1707	transportation	T078	C1554194
27503306	1708	1713	times	T079	C0040223
27503306	1729	1737	suitable	T080	C3900053
27503306	1738	1761	cardiac catheterisation	T058	C0018795
27503306	1762	1772	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27503306	1774	1785	preclinical	T080	C1709630
27503306	1786	1798	fibrinolysis	T039	C0016017
27503306	1802	1807	STEMI	T047	C1536220
27503306	1827	1842	workable method	T169	C0449851
27503306	1844	1851	Success	T054	C0597535
27503306	1860	1868	strategy	T041	C0679199
27503306	1891	1906	strong training	T065	C0220931
27503306	1914	1923	emergency	T067	C0013956
27503306	1924	1934	physicians	T097	C0031831
27503306	1938	1941	ECG	T060	C1623258
27503306	1946	1951	lysis	T046	C0024348
27503306	1952	1959	therapy	T061	C0087111
27503306	1965	1977	co-operation	T054	C0392337
27503306	1990	2005	cardiac centres	T073,T093	C0475309

27503472|t|GH32 family activity: a topological approach through protein contact networks
27503472|a|The application of Protein Contact Networks methodology allowed to highlight a novel response of border region between the two domains to substrate binding. Glycoside hydrolases (GH) are enzymes that mainly hydrolyze the glycosidic bond between two carbohydrates or a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. These enzymes are involved in many fundamental and diverse biological processes in plants. We have focused on the GH32 family, including enzymes very similar in both sequence and structure, each having however clear specificities of substrate preferences and kinetic properties. Structural and topological differences among proteins of the GH32 family have been here identified by means of an emerging approach (Protein Contact network, PCN) based on the formalization of 3D structures as contact networks among amino-acid residues. The PCN approach proved successful in both reconstructing the already known functional domains and in identifying the structural counterpart of the properties of GH32 enzymes, which remain uncertain, like their allosteric character. The main outcome of the study was the discovery of the activation upon binding of the border (cleft) region between the two domains. This reveals the allosteric nature of the enzymatic activity for all the analyzed forms in the GH32 family, a character yet to be highlighted in biochemical studies. Furthermore, we have been able to recognize a topological signature (graph energy) of the different affinity of the enzymes towards small and large substrates.
27503472	0	11	GH32 family	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
27503472	12	20	activity	T044	C0243102
27503472	24	35	topological	T082	C0026377
27503472	53	77	protein contact networks	T169	C3178902
27503472	97	133	Protein Contact Networks methodology	T169	C3178902
27503472	175	188	border region	T082	C1254362
27503472	205	233	domains to substrate binding	T087	C0682969
27503472	235	255	Glycoside hydrolases	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
27503472	257	259	GH	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
27503472	265	272	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27503472	285	294	hydrolyze	T070	C0020291
27503472	299	314	glycosidic bond	T044	C0813982
27503472	327	340	carbohydrates	T109	C0007004
27503472	346	358	carbohydrate	T109	C0007004
27503472	365	388	non-carbohydrate moiety	T104	C1254350
27503472	396	403	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27503472	449	469	biological processes	T038	C3714634
27503472	473	479	plants	T002	C0032098
27503472	504	515	GH32 family	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
27503472	527	534	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27503472	556	564	sequence	T087	C0002518
27503472	569	578	structure	T116,T126	C0596527
27503472	623	632	substrate	T120	C0178623
27503472	633	644	preferences	T078	C0558295
27503472	649	667	kinetic properties	T169	C0220865
27503472	669	679	Structural	T116	C1510464
27503472	684	695	topological	T082	C0026377
27503472	714	722	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27503472	730	741	GH32 family	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
27503472	802	825	Protein Contact network	T169	C3178902
27503472	827	830	PCN	T169	C3178902
27503472	862	875	3D structures	T082	C0026377
27503472	879	895	contact networks	T169	C3178902
27503472	902	921	amino-acid residues	T087	C0002518
27503472	927	930	PCN	T169	C3178902
27503472	999	1009	functional	T169	C0205245
27503472	1010	1017	domains	T087	C1514562
27503472	1041	1051	structural	T116	C1510464
27503472	1085	1097	GH32 enzymes	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
27503472	1134	1144	allosteric	T169	C0002146
27503472	1211	1221	activation	T044	C0014429
27503472	1227	1263	binding of the border (cleft) region	T044	C1517880
27503472	1280	1287	domains	T087	C1514562
27503472	1306	1316	allosteric	T169	C0002146
27503472	1331	1349	enzymatic activity	T044	C0243102
27503472	1384	1395	GH32 family	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
27503472	1434	1453	biochemical studies	T059	C0430027
27503472	1501	1522	topological signature	T082	C0026377
27503472	1555	1563	affinity	T070	C1510827
27503472	1571	1578	enzymes	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
27503472	1603	1613	substrates	T120	C0178623

27503608|t|In vivo assessment of periodontal structures and measurement of gingival sulcus with Optical Coherence Tomography: a pilot study
27503608|a|There has been increasing interest on the development of clinically acceptable, more sensitive and specific methods for non-invasive diagnosis in Periodontics. In this pilot study, the performance of an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) system in imaging periodontal structures in humans was evaluated. Gingival sulcus depth measurements were obtained and compared with traditional probes. In total, 445 sites of 23 periodontally healthy individuals were measured by 3 instruments: North Carolina manual probe, Florida automated probe and OCT at 1325 nm. To obtain quantitative measurements from OCT images, the gingival refractive index was also determined. Discomfort / pain perception and the duration of examinations were compared among the instruments. The analysis of OCT images allowed the identification of relevant anatomic dental and periodontal regions. The average sulcus depth measured by OCT, 0.85 ± 0.27 mm and 0.87 ± 0.28 mm, was lower than the values obtained by manual and automated probing. Discomfort / pain were prevalent for traditional probes, which are invasive methods, than for the non-invasive OCT technique. OCT has the potential to be a reliable tool for in vivo periodontal tissues evaluation and for reproducible sulcus depth measurements in healthy sites. Further technological advances are required to reduce the procedure time and promote evaluation of posterior oral regions. Photonic assessment of periodontal tissue with OCT (top) in a clinical environment, showing tooth / gingiva features (bottom).
27503608	0	7	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27503608	8	18	assessment	T058	C0220825
27503608	22	33	periodontal	T024	C0031104
27503608	34	44	structures	T082	C0678594
27503608	49	60	measurement	T169	C0242485
27503608	64	79	gingival sulcus	T030	C0447436
27503608	85	113	Optical Coherence Tomography	T060	C0920367
27503608	117	128	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27503608	171	182	development	T169	C1527148
27503608	186	196	clinically	T080	C0205210
27503608	197	207	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27503608	214	223	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27503608	228	236	specific	T080	C0205369
27503608	249	261	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27503608	262	271	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27503608	275	287	Periodontics	T091	C0031098
27503608	297	308	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27503608	332	360	Optical Coherence Tomography	T060	C0920367
27503608	362	365	OCT	T060	C0920367
27503608	377	384	imaging	T060	C0011923
27503608	385	396	periodontal	T024	C0031104
27503608	397	407	structures	T082	C0678594
27503608	411	417	humans	T016	C0086418
27503608	422	431	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27503608	433	448	Gingival sulcus	T030	C0447436
27503608	449	454	depth	T082	C0205125
27503608	455	467	measurements	T169	C0242485
27503608	473	481	obtained	T169	C1301820
27503608	486	494	compared	T052	C1707455
27503608	500	511	traditional	T169	C0443324
27503608	512	518	probes	T074	C0182400
27503608	534	539	sites	T082	C0205145
27503608	546	559	periodontally	T080	C0332275
27503608	560	567	healthy	T080	C3898900
27503608	568	579	individuals	T098	C0027361
27503608	585	593	measured	T080	C0444706
27503608	599	610	instruments	T074	C0348000
27503608	612	639	North Carolina manual probe	T074	C0182400
27503608	641	664	Florida automated probe	T074	C0182400
27503608	669	672	OCT	T060	C0920367
27503608	695	707	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27503608	708	720	measurements	T169	C0242485
27503608	726	729	OCT	T060	C0920367
27503608	730	736	images	T078	C1551337
27503608	742	750	gingival	T030	C0447436
27503608	751	767	refractive index	T081	C0034952
27503608	789	799	Discomfort	T184	C0231218
27503608	802	806	pain	T184	C0030193
27503608	807	817	perception	T041	C0030971
27503608	826	834	duration	T079	C0449238
27503608	838	850	examinations	T058	C0582103
27503608	856	864	compared	T052	C1707455
27503608	875	886	instruments	T074	C0348000
27503608	904	907	OCT	T060	C0920367
27503608	908	914	images	T078	C1551337
27503608	954	962	anatomic	T080	C0220784
27503608	963	969	dental	T080	C0226984
27503608	974	985	periodontal	T024	C0031104
27503608	986	993	regions	T029	C0005898
27503608	999	1006	average	T081	C1510992
27503608	1007	1013	sulcus	T030	C1184482
27503608	1014	1019	depth	T082	C0205125
27503608	1020	1028	measured	T080	C0444706
27503608	1032	1035	OCT	T060	C0920367
27503608	1110	1116	manual	T169	C0175674
27503608	1121	1130	automated	T169	C0205554
27503608	1131	1138	probing	T061	C1882338
27503608	1140	1150	Discomfort	T184	C0231218
27503608	1153	1157	pain	T184	C0030193
27503608	1163	1172	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27503608	1177	1188	traditional	T169	C0443324
27503608	1189	1195	probes	T074	C0182400
27503608	1207	1215	invasive	T080	C0205281
27503608	1216	1223	methods	T169	C0449851
27503608	1238	1250	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27503608	1251	1254	OCT	T060	C0920367
27503608	1255	1264	technique	T169	C0449851
27503608	1266	1269	OCT	T060	C0920367
27503608	1278	1287	potential	T080	C3245505
27503608	1305	1309	tool	T073	C0336791
27503608	1314	1321	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27503608	1322	1341	periodontal tissues	T024	C0031104
27503608	1342	1352	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27503608	1374	1380	sulcus	T030	C1184482
27503608	1381	1386	depth	T082	C0205125
27503608	1387	1399	measurements	T169	C0242485
27503608	1403	1410	healthy	T080	C3898900
27503608	1426	1448	technological advances	UnknownType	C0681519
27503608	1465	1471	reduce	T080	C0392756
27503608	1476	1485	procedure	T061	C0087111
27503608	1486	1490	time	T079	C0040223
27503608	1495	1502	promote	T052	C0033414
27503608	1503	1513	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27503608	1517	1526	posterior	T082	C0205095
27503608	1527	1539	oral regions	T029	C0230028
27503608	1541	1549	Photonic	T185	C1328817
27503608	1550	1560	assessment	T058	C0220825
27503608	1564	1582	periodontal tissue	T024	C0031104
27503608	1588	1591	OCT	T060	C0920367
27503608	1593	1596	top	T082	C1704458
27503608	1603	1611	clinical	T080	C0205210
27503608	1612	1623	environment	T082	C0014406
27503608	1633	1638	tooth	T023	C0040426
27503608	1641	1648	gingiva	T024	C0017562
27503608	1649	1657	features	T080	C2348519
27503608	1659	1665	bottom	T082	C1511276

27503899|t|A method of providing engaging formative feedback to large cohort first-year physiology and anatomy students
27503899|a|A growing body of evidence demonstrates a critical role for effective, meaningful feedback to enhance student learning. Effective feedback can become part of the learning cycle that is not only a learning opportunity for the student but can also be used to inform the teacher and ongoing curriculum development. Feedback is considered particularly important during the first year of university and can even be viewed as a retention strategy that can help attenuate student performance anxieties and solidify perceptions of academic support. Unfortunately, the provision of individualized, timely feedback can be particularly challenging in first-year courses as they tend to be large and diverse cohort classes that pose challenges of time and logistics. Various forms of generic feedback can provide rapid and cost-effect feedback to large cohorts but may be of limited benefit to students other than signaling weaknesses in knowledge. The present study describes a method that was used to provide formative task-related feedback to a large cohort of first-year physiology and anatomy students. Based on student evaluations presented in this study, this method provided feedback in a manner that engaged students, uncovered underlying misconceptions, facilitated peer discussion, and provided opportunity for new instruction while allowing the lecturer to recognize common gaps in knowledge and inform ongoing curriculum development.
27503899	2	8	method	T169	C0449851
27503899	12	21	providing	T052	C1999230
27503899	31	49	formative feedback	T057	C4042837
27503899	53	58	large	T081	C0549177
27503899	59	65	cohort	T098	C0599755
27503899	66	76	first-year	T079	C1254367
27503899	77	87	physiology	T091	C0031842
27503899	92	99	anatomy	T091	C0002808
27503899	100	108	students	T098	C0038492
27503899	127	135	evidence	T078	C3887511
27503899	136	148	demonstrates	T052	C3687625
27503899	151	159	critical	T080	C1511545
27503899	169	178	effective	T080	C1704419
27503899	180	190	meaningful	T080	C0205556
27503899	191	199	feedback	T041	C2911691
27503899	203	210	enhance	T052	C2349975
27503899	211	218	student	T098	C0038492
27503899	219	227	learning	T041	C0023185
27503899	229	238	Effective	T080	C1704419
27503899	239	247	feedback	T041	C2911691
27503899	259	266	part of	T082	C1292711
27503899	271	279	learning	T041	C0023185
27503899	280	285	cycle	T079	C1511572
27503899	305	313	learning	T041	C0023185
27503899	314	325	opportunity	T062	C0683937
27503899	334	341	student	T098	C0038492
27503899	366	372	inform	T057	C1552002
27503899	377	384	teacher	T097	C0221457
27503899	389	396	ongoing	T078	C0549178
27503899	397	419	curriculum development	T065	C0681362
27503899	421	429	Feedback	T041	C2911691
27503899	433	443	considered	T078	C0750591
27503899	457	466	important	T080	C3898777
27503899	467	473	during	T079	C0347984
27503899	478	488	first year	T079	C1254367
27503899	492	502	university	T073,T092	C0041740
27503899	531	540	retention	T169	C0333117
27503899	564	573	attenuate	T052	C0599946
27503899	574	581	student	T098	C0038492
27503899	582	603	performance anxieties	T048	C0458631
27503899	608	616	solidify	T080	C0205556
27503899	617	628	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27503899	632	648	academic support	T065	C0000875
27503899	682	696	individualized	T080	C1881197
27503899	698	704	timely	T080	C3827828
27503899	705	713	feedback	T041	C2911691
27503899	749	759	first-year	T079	C1254367
27503899	760	767	courses	UnknownType	C0681364
27503899	787	792	large	T081	C0549177
27503899	797	804	diverse	T080	C1880371
27503899	805	811	cohort	T098	C0599755
27503899	812	819	classes	T170	C0456387
27503899	844	848	time	T079	C0040223
27503899	853	862	logistics	T057	C0242415
27503899	889	897	feedback	T041	C2911691
27503899	902	909	provide	T052	C1999230
27503899	910	915	rapid	T080	C0456962
27503899	920	931	cost-effect	T081	C0010181
27503899	932	940	feedback	T041	C2911691
27503899	944	949	large	T081	C0549177
27503899	950	957	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27503899	972	979	limited	T169	C0439801
27503899	980	987	benefit	T081	C0814225
27503899	991	999	students	T098	C0038492
27503899	1021	1031	weaknesses	T033	C0243095
27503899	1035	1044	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27503899	1050	1057	present	T033	C0150312
27503899	1058	1063	study	T062	C2603343
27503899	1064	1073	describes	T078	C1552738
27503899	1076	1082	method	T169	C0449851
27503899	1100	1107	provide	T052	C1999230
27503899	1108	1139	formative task-related feedback	T057	C4042837
27503899	1145	1150	large	T081	C0549177
27503899	1151	1157	cohort	T098	C0599755
27503899	1161	1171	first-year	T079	C1254367
27503899	1172	1182	physiology	T091	C0031842
27503899	1187	1194	anatomy	T091	C0002808
27503899	1195	1203	students	T098	C0038492
27503899	1214	1221	student	T098	C0038492
27503899	1222	1233	evaluations	T058	C0220825
27503899	1234	1243	presented	T078	C0449450
27503899	1252	1257	study	T062	C2603343
27503899	1264	1270	method	T169	C0449851
27503899	1271	1279	provided	T052	C1999230
27503899	1280	1288	feedback	T041	C2911691
27503899	1314	1322	students	T098	C0038492
27503899	1324	1333	uncovered	T169	C0439845
27503899	1334	1359	underlying misconceptions	T033	C0243095
27503899	1373	1377	peer	T098	C0679739
27503899	1378	1388	discussion	T054	C2584313
27503899	1394	1402	provided	T052	C1999230
27503899	1419	1422	new	T080	C0205314
27503899	1423	1434	instruction	T065	C0039401
27503899	1441	1449	allowing	T054	C0683607
27503899	1454	1462	lecturer	T097	C0920339
27503899	1466	1475	recognize	T041	C0524637
27503899	1476	1482	common	T081	C0205214
27503899	1483	1487	gaps	T082	C3887622
27503899	1491	1500	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27503899	1512	1519	ongoing	T078	C0549178
27503899	1520	1542	curriculum development	T065	C0681362

27503926|t|SIRT2 Deacetylates and Inhibits the Peroxidase Activity of Peroxiredoxin-1 to Sensitize Breast Cancer Cells to Oxidant Stress - Inducing Agents
27503926|a|SIRT2 is a protein deacetylase with tumor suppressor activity in breast and liver tumors where it is mutated; however, the critical substrates mediating its antitumor activity are not fully defined. Here we demonstrate that SIRT2 binds, deacetylates, and inhibits the peroxidase activity of the antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin (Prdx-1) in breast cancer cells. Ectopic overexpression of SIRT2, but not its catalytically dead mutant, increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by hydrogen peroxide, which led to increased levels of an overoxidized and multimeric form of Prdx-1 with activity as a molecular chaperone. Elevated levels of SIRT2 sensitized breast cancer cells to intracellular DNA damage and cell death induced by oxidative stress, as associated with increased levels of nuclear FOXO3A and the proapoptotic BIM protein. In addition, elevated levels of SIRT2 sensitized breast cancer cells to arsenic trioxide, an approved therapeutic agent, along with other intracellular ROS - inducing agents. Conversely, antisense RNA - mediated attenuation of SIRT2 reversed ROS - induced toxicity as demonstrated in a zebrafish embryo model system. Collectively, our findings suggest that the tumor suppressor activity of SIRT2 requires its ability to restrict the antioxidant activity of Prdx-1, thereby sensitizing breast cancer cells to ROS - induced DNA damage and cell cytotoxicity. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5467-78. ©2016 AACR.
27503926	0	5	SIRT2	T116,T126	C2720168
27503926	6	18	Deacetylates	T044	C2246982
27503926	23	55	Inhibits the Peroxidase Activity	T044	C3893923
27503926	59	74	Peroxiredoxin-1	T116,T126	C0672553
27503926	78	107	Sensitize Breast Cancer Cells	T025	C1512505
27503926	111	125	Oxidant Stress	T049	C0242606
27503926	128	136	Inducing	T169	C0205263
27503926	144	149	SIRT2	T116,T126	C2720168
27503926	155	174	protein deacetylase	T044	C2246982
27503926	180	205	tumor suppressor activity	T043	C1325410
27503926	209	215	breast	T191	C0006142
27503926	220	232	liver tumors	T191	C0345904
27503926	245	252	mutated	T049	C1705285
27503926	276	286	substrates	T167	C3891814
27503926	301	319	antitumor activity	T033	C0243095
27503926	368	373	SIRT2	T116,T126	C2720168
27503926	374	379	binds	T044	C1149286
27503926	381	393	deacetylates	T044	C1511737
27503926	399	431	inhibits the peroxidase activity	T044	C3893923
27503926	439	472	antioxidant protein peroxiredoxin	T116,T126	C0672553
27503926	474	480	Prdx-1	T116,T126	C0672553
27503926	485	504	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27503926	506	513	Ectopic	T082	C0574895
27503926	514	528	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27503926	532	537	SIRT2	T116,T126	C2720168
27503926	551	576	catalytically dead mutant	T049	C0596988
27503926	578	587	increased	T081	C0205217
27503926	588	608	intracellular levels	T082	C0178719
27503926	612	635	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27503926	637	640	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27503926	642	671	induced by hydrogen peroxide,	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27503926	685	694	increased	T081	C0205217
27503926	695	701	levels	T080	C0441889
27503926	708	750	overoxidized and multimeric form of Prdx-1	T116,T126	C0672553
27503926	756	789	activity as a molecular chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
27503926	791	799	Elevated	T080	C3163633
27503926	800	806	levels	T080	C0441889
27503926	810	815	SIRT2	T028	C1420071
27503926	816	846	sensitized breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27503926	850	874	intracellular DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27503926	879	917	cell death induced by oxidative stress	T043	C3894015
27503926	938	947	increased	T081	C0205217
27503926	948	954	levels	T080	C0441889
27503926	958	972	nuclear FOXO3A	T116,T123	C1333633
27503926	981	1005	proapoptotic BIM protein	T116,T123	C4282114
27503926	1020	1028	elevated	T080	C3163633
27503926	1029	1035	levels	T080	C0441889
27503926	1039	1044	SIRT2	T116,T126	C2720168
27503926	1045	1075	sensitized breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27503926	1079	1095	arsenic trioxide	T121,T131,T197	C0052416
27503926	1109	1126	therapeutic agent	T073	C0304231
27503926	1145	1162	intracellular ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27503926	1165	1180	inducing agents	T121	C1254351
27503926	1194	1207	antisense RNA	T114,T123,T130	C0080124
27503926	1210	1230	mediated attenuation	T052	C0599946
27503926	1234	1239	SIRT2	T116,T126	C2720168
27503926	1240	1248	reversed	T169	C1555029
27503926	1249	1252	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27503926	1255	1271	induced toxicity	T037	C1516457
27503926	1293	1302	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27503926	1303	1322	embryo model system	T018	C0013935
27503926	1368	1393	tumor suppressor activity	T043	C1325410
27503926	1397	1402	SIRT2	T116,T126	C2720168
27503926	1427	1435	restrict	T169	C0443288
27503926	1440	1460	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
27503926	1464	1470	Prdx-1	T116,T126	C0672553
27503926	1480	1511	sensitizing breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27503926	1515	1518	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27503926	1521	1539	induced DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27503926	1544	1561	cell cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402

27503979|t|Grasping At The Moon: Enhancing Access To Careers In The Health Professions
27503979|a|A former HHS secretary reflects on what's needed to enable more minorities to become doctors and other health professionals.
27503979	0	8	Grasping	T040	C0220843
27503979	16	20	Moon	T083	C0079853
27503979	22	31	Enhancing	T052	C2349975
27503979	32	38	Access	T082	C0444454
27503979	42	49	Careers	T057	C0178534
27503979	57	75	Health Professions	T091	C0018722
27503979	78	84	former	T078	C0750523
27503979	85	88	HHS	T093	C0041711
27503979	89	98	secretary	T097	C0341647
27503979	99	107	reflects	T041	C0558058
27503979	140	150	minorities	T098	C0026192
27503979	161	168	doctors	T097	C0031831
27503979	179	199	health professionals	T097	C1704312

27504100|t|Multivariate Imaging Genetics Study of MRI Gray Matter Volume and SNPs Reveals Biological Pathways Correlated with Brain Structural Differences in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
27504100|a|Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder affecting children, adolescents, and adults. Its etiology is not well understood, but it is increasingly believed to result from diverse pathophysiologies that affect the structure and function of specific brain circuits. Although one of the best-studied neurobiological abnormalities in ADHD is reduced fronto-striatal-cerebellar gray matter (GM) volume, its specific genetic correlates are largely unknown. In this study, T1-weighted MR images of brain structure were collected from 198 adolescents (63 ADHD - diagnosed). A multivariate parallel independent component analysis (Para-ICA) technique -identified imaging genetic relationships between regional GM volume and single nucleotide polymorphism data. Para-ICA analyses extracted 14 components from genetic data and 9 from MR data. An iterative cross-validation using randomly chosen subsamples indicated acceptable stability of these ICA solutions. A series of partial correlation analyses controlling for age, sex, and ethnicity revealed two genotype-phenotype component pairs significantly differed between ADHD and non-ADHD groups, after a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. The brain phenotype component not only included structures frequently found to have abnormally low volume in previous ADHD studies but was also significantly associated with ADHD differences in symptom severity and performance on cognitive tests frequently found to be impaired in patients diagnosed with the disorder. Pathway analysis of the genotype component identified several different biological pathways linked to these structural abnormalities in ADHD. Some of these pathways implicate well-known dopaminergic neurotransmission and neurodevelopment hypothesized to be abnormal in ADHD. Other more recently implicated pathways included glutamatergic and GABA-eric physiological systems; others might reflect sources of shared liability to disturbances commonly found in ADHD, such as sleep abnormalities.
27504100	0	12	Multivariate	T081	C0026777
27504100	13	20	Imaging	T060	C0011923
27504100	21	35	Genetics Study	T062	C2827447
27504100	39	42	MRI	T060	C0024485
27504100	43	54	Gray Matter	T024	C0018220
27504100	55	61	Volume	T081	C0449468
27504100	66	70	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27504100	79	89	Biological	T080	C0205460
27504100	90	98	Pathways	T077	C1705987
27504100	99	109	Correlated	T080	C1707520
27504100	115	120	Brain	T023	C0006104
27504100	121	131	Structural	T082	C0678594
27504100	132	143	Differences	T081	C1705241
27504100	147	187	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	T048	C1263846
27504100	188	228	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
27504100	230	234	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27504100	241	250	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27504100	251	278	neurodevelopmental disorder	T048	C1535926
27504100	279	288	affecting	T169	C0392760
27504100	289	297	children	T100	C0008059
27504100	299	310	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27504100	316	322	adults	T100	C0001675
27504100	328	336	etiology	T169	C1314792
27504100	396	402	result	T169	C1274040
27504100	408	415	diverse	T080	C1880371
27504100	416	433	pathophysiologies	T046	C0277785
27504100	439	445	affect	T169	C0392760
27504100	450	459	structure	T082	C0678594
27504100	464	472	function	T169	C0542341
27504100	476	484	specific	T080	C0205369
27504100	485	499	brain circuits	UnknownType	C0682723
27504100	534	563	neurobiological abnormalities	T047	C0027765
27504100	567	571	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27504100	575	582	reduced	T080	C0392756
27504100	583	621	fronto-striatal-cerebellar gray matter	T023	C3850014
27504100	623	625	GM	T024	C0018220
27504100	627	633	volume	T081	C0449468
27504100	648	655	genetic	T169	C0314603
27504100	656	666	correlates	T080	C1707520
27504100	679	686	unknown	T080	C0439673
27504100	696	701	study	T062	C2603343
27504100	703	743	T1-weighted MR images of brain structure	T060	C2454640
27504100	768	779	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27504100	784	788	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27504100	791	800	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27504100	805	857	multivariate parallel independent component analysis	T081	C0026777
27504100	859	867	Para-ICA	T081	C0026777
27504100	869	878	technique	T169	C0449851
27504100	891	898	imaging	T060	C0011923
27504100	899	906	genetic	T169	C0314603
27504100	907	920	relationships	T080	C0439849
27504100	929	937	regional	T082	C0205147
27504100	938	940	GM	T024	C0018220
27504100	941	947	volume	T081	C0449468
27504100	952	982	single nucleotide polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27504100	983	987	data	T078	C1511726
27504100	989	1006	Para-ICA analyses	T081	C0026777
27504100	1036	1048	genetic data	T170	C0872179
27504100	1060	1062	MR	T060	C0024485
27504100	1063	1067	data	T078	C1511726
27504100	1072	1098	iterative cross-validation	T062	C0681935
27504100	1153	1162	stability	T080	C0205360
27504100	1172	1175	ICA	T081	C0026777
27504100	1176	1185	solutions	T077	C2699488
27504100	1199	1227	partial correlation analyses	UnknownType	C0678931
27504100	1228	1239	controlling	T067	C2239193
27504100	1244	1247	age	T032	C0001779
27504100	1249	1252	sex	T032	C1522384
27504100	1258	1267	ethnicity	T080	C0243103
27504100	1281	1299	genotype-phenotype	T032	C0678920
27504100	1300	1309	component	T077	C1705248
27504100	1310	1315	pairs	T080	C1709450
27504100	1347	1351	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27504100	1356	1364	non-ADHD	T033	C0243095
27504100	1365	1371	groups	T078	C0441833
27504100	1381	1402	Bonferroni correction	T081	C2347434
27504100	1407	1415	multiple	T081	C0439064
27504100	1416	1427	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27504100	1433	1438	brain	T023	C0006104
27504100	1439	1448	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27504100	1449	1458	component	T077	C1705248
27504100	1477	1487	structures	T082	C0678594
27504100	1513	1527	abnormally low	T080	C1299352
27504100	1528	1534	volume	T081	C0449468
27504100	1547	1551	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27504100	1552	1559	studies	T062	C2603343
27504100	1587	1602	associated with	T080	C0332281
27504100	1603	1607	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27504100	1623	1639	symptom severity	T033	C1319166
27504100	1644	1655	performance	T052	C1882330
27504100	1659	1674	cognitive tests	T170	C0392366
27504100	1710	1718	patients	T101	C0030705
27504100	1719	1728	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27504100	1738	1746	disorder	T047	C0012634
27504100	1748	1764	Pathway analysis	T170	C0868995
27504100	1772	1780	genotype	T032	C0017431
27504100	1781	1790	component	T077	C1705248
27504100	1820	1830	biological	T080	C0205460
27504100	1831	1839	pathways	T077	C1705987
27504100	1856	1866	structural	T082	C0678594
27504100	1867	1880	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27504100	1884	1888	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27504100	1904	1912	pathways	T077	C1705987
27504100	1934	1964	dopaminergic neurotransmission	T042	C0234101
27504100	1969	1985	neurodevelopment	T042	C0599855
27504100	1986	1998	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
27504100	2005	2013	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27504100	2017	2021	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27504100	2054	2062	pathways	T077	C1705987
27504100	2072	2085	glutamatergic	T043	C1523698
27504100	2090	2121	GABA-eric physiological systems	T042	C0234105
27504100	2206	2210	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27504100	2220	2239	sleep abnormalities	T184	C0037317

27504260|t|De novo assembly of the blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) gill transcriptome to identify ammonia exposure associated microRNAs and their targets
27504260|a|De novo transcriptome sequencing is a robust method for microRNA (miRNA) target gene prediction, especially for organisms without reference genomes. Following exposure of Megalobrama amblycephala to ammonia (0.1 or 20 mg L(-1)), two cDNA libraries were constructed from the fish gills and sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 2000. Over 90 million reads were generated and de novo assembled into 46, 615 unigenes, which were then extensively annotated by comparing to different protein databases, followed by biochemical pathway prediction. The expression of 2666 unigenes significantly differed; 1961 were up-regulated, while 975 were down-regulated. Among these, 250 unigenes were identified as the targets for 10 conserved and 4 putative novel miRNA families by miRNA target computational prediction. We examined expression of ssa-miRNA-21 and its target genes by real-time quantitative PCR and found agreement with the sequencing data. This study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying miRNA targets by transcriptome analysis. The transcriptome assembly data represent a substantial increase in the genomic resources available for Megalobrama amblycephala and will be useful for gene expression profile analysis and miRNA functional annotation.
27504260	0	7	De novo	T078	C1515568
27504260	8	16	assembly	T086	C3178810
27504260	24	41	blunt snout bream	T013	C1031211
27504260	43	67	Megalobrama amblycephala	T013	C1031211
27504260	69	73	gill	T023	C0017558
27504260	74	87	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27504260	100	116	ammonia exposure	T033	C0238623
27504260	128	137	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27504260	148	155	targets	T169	C1521840
27504260	156	163	De novo	T078	C1515568
27504260	164	177	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27504260	212	220	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27504260	222	227	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27504260	229	251	target gene prediction	T063	C2717881
27504260	268	277	organisms	T001	C0029235
27504260	296	303	genomes	T028	C0017428
27504260	327	351	Megalobrama amblycephala	T013	C1031211
27504260	355	362	ammonia	T033	C0238623
27504260	389	403	cDNA libraries	T028,T114	C0751608
27504260	430	440	fish gills	T023	C0017558
27504260	461	480	Illumina HiSeq 2000	T170	C0282574
27504260	523	530	de novo	T078	C1515568
27504260	554	562	unigenes	T170	C1710539
27504260	580	601	extensively annotated	T080	C1552720
27504260	628	645	protein databases	T170	C0872249
27504260	659	678	biochemical pathway	T044	C1704259
27504260	679	689	prediction	T078	C0681842
27504260	695	722	expression of 2666 unigenes	T045	C0017262
27504260	757	769	up-regulated	T045	C0162493
27504260	786	800	down-regulated	T045	C0920533
27504260	819	827	unigenes	T170	C1710539
27504260	851	858	targets	T169	C1521840
27504260	897	911	miRNA families	T114,T123	C1101610
27504260	915	927	miRNA target	T114,T123	C1101610
27504260	928	952	computational prediction	T059	C4297010
27504260	966	976	expression	T045	C0017262
27504260	980	992	ssa-miRNA-21	T028	C1537719
27504260	1001	1013	target genes	T028	C0017337
27504260	1017	1043	real-time quantitative PCR	T063	C3179034
27504260	1054	1063	agreement	T054	C0680240
27504260	1073	1088	sequencing data	T170	C0026382
27504260	1118	1144	feasibility of identifying	T062,T170	C0015730
27504260	1145	1158	miRNA targets	T114,T123	C1101610
27504260	1162	1184	transcriptome analysis	T059,T063	C0752248
27504260	1190	1212	transcriptome assembly	T086	C3178810
27504260	1258	1275	genomic resources	T078	C0035201
27504260	1290	1314	Megalobrama amblycephala	T013	C1031211
27504260	1338	1370	gene expression profile analysis	T059,T063	C0752248
27504260	1375	1402	miRNA functional annotation	T063	C2936605

27504422|t|Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Verruciform Xanthoma of the Lower Gingiva: A Case Report
27504422|a|Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a rare benign lesion and mainly effects the oral mucosa. This slow-growing asymptomatic lesion typically develops along the gingival margin of the masticatory mucosa, followed by the hard palate, tongue, buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, alveolar mucosa, soft palate and junction between the hard and soft palate. Moreover, this lesion can also affect the skin and genital organs. Clinically, VX generally presents a sessile or pedunculated appearance, forming a papule or single plaque with verrucous or papillomatous mucosal growth. The colour (white, pink, grey, or yellow) depends on the thickness of the overlying epidermis. In fact, the clinical findings of VX are similar to those of verrucous carcinoma and other benign tumours, such as squamous papilloma, verruca vulgaris and mucosal fibroma. For this reason, clinical and histopathological examinations are essential for accurate differential diagnosis. Histologically, VX is characterized by parakeratosis, rete ridges of uniform depth and the accumulation of foam cells, which are also called " xanthoma cells ". Here, we describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings of a VX located on the lower gingiva of a 64-year-old male patient.
27504422	0	19	Clinicopathological	T058	C0282421
27504422	24	43	Immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27504422	63	83	Verruciform Xanthoma	T047	C3872816
27504422	91	104	Lower Gingiva	T023	C0227123
27504422	108	119	Case Report	T170	C0085973
27504422	120	140	Verruciform xanthoma	T047	C3872816
27504422	142	144	VX	T047	C3872816
27504422	156	169	benign lesion	T191	C0086692
27504422	193	204	oral mucosa	T023	C0026639
27504422	211	223	slow-growing	T033	C4086857
27504422	224	236	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27504422	237	243	lesion	T191	C0086692
27504422	273	288	gingival margin	T029	C1184544
27504422	296	307	masticatory	T169	C0005654
27504422	308	314	mucosa	T024	C0026724
27504422	332	343	hard palate	T023	C0226901
27504422	345	351	tongue	T023	C0040408
27504422	353	366	buccal mucosa	T023	C1578559
27504422	368	386	floor of the mouth	T029	C0026638
27504422	388	403	alveolar mucosa	T029	C4239924
27504422	405	416	soft palate	T023	C0030219
27504422	421	429	junction	T082	C0205144
27504422	442	446	hard	T023	C0226901
27504422	451	462	soft palate	T023	C0030219
27504422	479	485	lesion	T191	C0086692
27504422	506	510	skin	T022	C1123023
27504422	515	529	genital organs	T023	C0017420
27504422	531	541	Clinically	T080	C0205210
27504422	543	545	VX	T047	C3872816
27504422	567	574	sessile	T033	C1335952
27504422	578	601	pedunculated appearance	T033	C1335371
27504422	613	619	papule	T033	C0332563
27504422	623	636	single plaque	T033	C2221189
27504422	642	651	verrucous	T191	C0206706
27504422	655	668	papillomatous	T191	C0030354
27504422	669	676	mucosal	T024	C0026724
27504422	677	683	growth	T042	C1621966
27504422	689	695	colour	T080	C0009393
27504422	697	702	white	T080	C0220938
27504422	704	708	pink	T080	C0332585
27504422	710	714	grey	T080	C1269776
27504422	719	725	yellow	T080	C0221205
27504422	742	751	thickness	T080	C1280412
27504422	769	778	epidermis	T024	C0014520
27504422	793	801	clinical	T080	C0205210
27504422	802	810	findings	T033	C0243095
27504422	814	816	VX	T047	C3872816
27504422	841	860	verrucous carcinoma	T191	C0206706
27504422	871	885	benign tumours	T191	C0086692
27504422	895	913	squamous papilloma	T191	C0205874
27504422	915	931	verruca vulgaris	T047	C0043037
27504422	936	951	mucosal fibroma	T191	C0016045
27504422	970	978	clinical	T080	C0205210
27504422	983	1000	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27504422	1001	1013	examinations	T058	C0031809
27504422	1032	1063	accurate differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27504422	1065	1079	Histologically	T169	C0205462
27504422	1081	1083	VX	T047	C3872816
27504422	1104	1117	parakeratosis	T047	C0030436
27504422	1119	1130	rete ridges	T024	C1516920
27504422	1156	1168	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27504422	1172	1182	foam cells	T025	C0016390
27504422	1208	1222	xanthoma cells	T025	C1520164
27504422	1248	1267	clinicopathological	T058	C0282421
27504422	1272	1291	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27504422	1292	1300	findings	T033	C0243095
27504422	1306	1308	VX	T047	C3872816
27504422	1324	1337	lower gingiva	T023	C0227123
27504422	1355	1367	male patient	T032	C0150904

27504738|t|Near-Infrared Polymeric Nanoparticles with High Content of Cyanine for Bimodal Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
27504738|a|The discovery and synthesis of theranostic nanomedicines with high loading of imaging and therapeutic agents is challenging. In this work, a polymer assembling strategy was used to make nanoparticles with exceptionally high loading of theranostic agent. As an example, poly(heptamethine) was synthesized via multicomponent Passerini reaction, and then assembled into nanoparticles in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol)2k-block-poly(d,l-lactide)2k (PEG-PLA) with high heptamethine loading (>50%). The formed nanoparticles could be used for bimodal bioimaging and photothermal therapy. The bimodal bioimaging provided complementary message about biodistribution, and photothermal treatment inhibited the growth of cervical carcinoma upon laser irradiation. This assembly of polymers formed by imaging and therapeutic agents opens new possibilities for the construction of multifunctional nanomedicines.
27504738	14	23	Polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27504738	24	37	Nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27504738	43	47	High	T080	C0205250
27504738	59	66	Cyanine	T109	C0596395
27504738	71	86	Bimodal Imaging	T060	C0079595
27504738	91	111	Photothermal Therapy	T061	C0087111
27504738	116	125	discovery	T052	C1880355
27504738	130	139	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27504738	143	168	theranostic nanomedicines	T091	C4042913
27504738	174	178	high	T080	C0205250
27504738	190	197	imaging	T060	C0079595
27504738	202	220	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
27504738	253	260	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27504738	261	271	assembling	T052	C1706853
27504738	298	311	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27504738	331	335	high	T080	C0205250
27504738	347	364	theranostic agent	T121	C1611640
27504738	381	399	poly(heptamethine)	T121	C1254351
27504738	420	453	multicomponent Passerini reaction	T067	C0596319
27504738	464	473	assembled	T052	C1706853
27504738	479	492	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27504738	512	561	poly(ethylene glycol)2k-block-poly(d,l-lactide)2k	T121	C1254351
27504738	563	570	PEG-PLA	T121	C1254351
27504738	577	581	high	T080	C0205250
27504738	582	594	heptamethine	T121	C1254351
27504738	622	635	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27504738	654	672	bimodal bioimaging	T060	C0079595
27504738	677	697	photothermal therapy	T061	C0087111
27504738	703	721	bimodal bioimaging	T060	C0079595
27504738	759	774	biodistribution	T169	C1704711
27504738	780	802	photothermal treatment	T061	C0087111
27504738	803	812	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27504738	817	823	growth	T191	C1516170
27504738	827	845	cervical carcinoma	T191	C0302592
27504738	851	868	laser irradiation	T061	C0871799
27504738	875	883	assembly	T052	C1706853
27504738	887	895	polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27504738	906	913	imaging	T060	C0079595
27504738	918	936	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
27504738	985	1000	multifunctional	T169	C0205245
27504738	1001	1014	nanomedicines	T090	C1328814

27504849|t|Limited effectiveness of patent blue dye in addition to isotope scanning for identification of sentinel lymph nodes: Cross-sectional real-life study in 1024 breast cancer patients
27504849|a|Although morbidity is reduced when sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is performed with dual isotopic and blue dye identification, the effectiveness of adding blue dye to radioisotope remains debated because side effects including anaphylactic reactions. Using data from a prospectively maintained database, 1884 lymph node-negative breast cancer patients who underwent partial mastectomy with SLN mapping by a dual-tracer using patent blue dye (PBD) and radioisotope were retrospectively studied between January 2000 and July 2013. Patients with tumors <3 cm and with >1 node detected by one of the two techniques (N = 1024) were included in this real-life cross-sectional study. Among the 1024 patients, 274 had positive SLN detected by isotopic and/or PBD staining. Only 4 patients having no detectable radioactivity in the axilla had SLN identified only by PBD staining (blue-only) while 26 patients had SLN only identified by isotopic detection (hot-only) illustrating failure rates of 9.5% (26/274) and 1.5% (4/274), respectively. Among these four patients, two had negative lymphoscintigraphy. Therefore, the contribution of PBD to metastatic nodes identification was relevant for only 2/274 patients (0.8%). Three patients (0.3%) had an allergic reaction with PBD, and anaphylactic shock occurred in two cases (0.2%). The added-value of PBD to reduce the false-negative rate of SLN mapping is only limited to the rare cases in which no radioactivity is detectable in the axilla (<1%). When a radioisotope mapping agent is available, the use of PBD should be avoided, because it can induce anaphylaxis.
27504849	0	7	Limited	T169	C0439801
27504849	8	21	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27504849	25	40	patent blue dye	T109,T130	C0070139
27504849	41	55	in addition to	T169	C0332287
27504849	56	72	isotope scanning	T060	C0034606
27504849	77	91	identification	T059	C0201685
27504849	95	115	sentinel lymph nodes	T023	C1522495
27504849	117	148	Cross-sectional real-life study	T062	C0010362
27504849	157	170	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27504849	171	179	patients	T101	C0030705
27504849	189	198	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27504849	215	247	sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy	T060	C0796693
27504849	266	279	dual isotopic	T060	C0034606
27504849	284	292	blue dye	T109,T130	C1509231
27504849	293	307	identification	T059	C0201685
27504849	313	326	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27504849	337	345	blue dye	T109,T130	C1509231
27504849	349	361	radioisotope	T196	C0034595
27504849	386	398	side effects	T046	C0879626
27504849	409	431	anaphylactic reactions	T046	C0002792
27504849	439	443	data	T078	C1511726
27504849	476	484	database	T170	C0242356
27504849	491	510	lymph node-negative	T033	C0678034
27504849	511	524	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27504849	525	533	patients	T101	C0030705
27504849	548	566	partial mastectomy	T061	C0024885
27504849	572	583	SLN mapping	T060	C1519247
27504849	607	622	patent blue dye	T109,T130	C0070139
27504849	624	627	PBD	T109,T130	C0070139
27504849	633	645	radioisotope	T196	C0034595
27504849	651	674	retrospectively studied	T062	C0035363
27504849	711	719	Patients	T101	C0030705
27504849	725	731	tumors	T191	C0027651
27504849	750	754	node	T023	C0746922
27504849	755	763	detected	T033	C0442726
27504849	782	792	techniques	T169	C0449851
27504849	826	857	real-life cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27504849	874	882	patients	T101	C0030705
27504849	892	900	positive	T033	C1446409
27504849	901	904	SLN	T023	C1522495
27504849	905	913	detected	T033	C0442726
27504849	917	925	isotopic	T080	C4038403
27504849	933	936	PBD	T109,T130	C0070139
27504849	937	945	staining	T059	C0487602
27504849	954	962	patients	T101	C0030705
27504849	984	997	radioactivity	T070	C0034553
27504849	1005	1011	axilla	T029	C0004454
27504849	1016	1019	SLN	T023	C1522495
27504849	1039	1042	PBD	T109,T130	C0070139
27504849	1043	1051	staining	T059	C0487602
27504849	1073	1081	patients	T101	C0030705
27504849	1086	1089	SLN	T023	C1522495
27504849	1109	1117	isotopic	T080	C4038403
27504849	1118	1127	detection	T033	C0442726
27504849	1152	1165	failure rates	T081	C1521828
27504849	1232	1240	patients	T101	C0030705
27504849	1250	1258	negative	T033	C0205160
27504849	1259	1277	lymphoscintigraphy	T060	C0412375
27504849	1310	1313	PBD	T109,T130	C0070139
27504849	1317	1333	metastatic nodes	T191	C1096667
27504849	1334	1348	identification	T059	C0201685
27504849	1377	1385	patients	T101	C0030705
27504849	1400	1408	patients	T101	C0030705
27504849	1423	1440	allergic reaction	T046	C1527304
27504849	1446	1449	PBD	T109,T130	C0070139
27504849	1455	1473	anaphylactic shock	T046	C0002792
27504849	1490	1495	cases	T169	C0868928
27504849	1523	1526	PBD	T109,T130	C0070139
27504849	1541	1555	false-negative	T034	C0205558
27504849	1556	1560	rate	T081	C1521828
27504849	1564	1575	SLN mapping	T060	C1519247
27504849	1584	1591	limited	T169	C0439801
27504849	1599	1603	rare	T080	C0522498
27504849	1604	1609	cases	T169	C0868928
27504849	1622	1635	radioactivity	T070	C0034553
27504849	1639	1649	detectable	T201	C3830527
27504849	1657	1663	axilla	T029	C0004454
27504849	1678	1690	radioisotope	T196	C0034595
27504849	1691	1704	mapping agent	T130	C1254353
27504849	1730	1733	PBD	T109,T130	C0070139
27504849	1744	1751	avoided	T169	C0205245
27504849	1768	1774	induce	T169	C0205263
27504849	1775	1786	anaphylaxis	T046	C0002792

27505217|t|Snack intake is reduced using an implicit, high-level construal cue
27505217|a|Priming a high level construal has been shown to enhance self-control and reduce preference for indulgent food. Subtle visual cues have been shown to enhance the effects of a priming procedure. The current study therefore examined the combined impact of construal level and a visual cue reminder on the consumption of energy-dense snack s. A student and community-based adult sample with a wide age and body mass index (BMI) range (N = 176) were randomly assigned to a high or low construal condition in which a novel symbol was embedded. Afterward participants completed a taste test of ad libitum snack foods in the presence or absence of the symbol. The high (vs. the low) construal level prime successfully generated more abstract responses (p < .0001) and reduced intake when the cue - reminder was present (p = .02) but not when it was absent (p = .40). Priming high construal level thinking reduces consumption of high energy dense snacks in the presence of a visual cue - reminder. This may be a practical technique for reducing overeating and has the potential to be extended to other unhealthy behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record
27505217	0	5	Snack	T168	C0453863
27505217	6	12	intake	T040	C0013470
27505217	16	23	reduced	T080	C0392756
27505217	24	29	using	T169	C1524063
27505217	33	41	implicit	T033	C0561768
27505217	43	67	high-level construal cue	T078	C0010439
27505217	68	75	Priming	T041	C3825344
27505217	78	98	high level construal	T078	C1254370
27505217	117	124	enhance	T052	C2349975
27505217	125	137	self-control	T055	C0684274
27505217	142	148	reduce	T080	C0547044
27505217	149	159	preference	T080	C0016483
27505217	164	173	indulgent	T033	C1318963
27505217	174	178	food	T168	C0016452
27505217	187	193	visual	T169	C0234621
27505217	194	198	cues	T078	C0010439
27505217	243	260	priming procedure	T041	C3825344
27505217	303	311	combined	T080	C0205195
27505217	312	318	impact	T080	C4049986
27505217	322	337	construal level	T078	C1254370
27505217	344	350	visual	T169	C0234621
27505217	351	354	cue	T078	C0010439
27505217	355	363	reminder	T077	C1709896
27505217	371	382	consumption	T052	C2983605
27505217	386	404	energy-dense snack	T168	C0453831
27505217	410	417	student	T098	C0038492
27505217	422	443	community-based adult	T100	C0001675
27505217	444	450	sample	T167	C0370003
27505217	458	466	wide age	T033	C1866556
27505217	471	486	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27505217	488	491	BMI	T201	C1305855
27505217	514	522	randomly	T080	C0439605
27505217	523	531	assigned	T169	C1516050
27505217	537	568	high or low construal condition	T078	C1254370
27505217	586	592	symbol	T078	C0679214
27505217	617	629	participants	T098	C0679646
27505217	642	647	taste	T042	C0039336
27505217	648	652	test	T059	C0022885
27505217	656	666	ad libitum	T080	C1879743
27505217	667	678	snack foods	T168	C0453863
27505217	686	694	presence	T033	C0150312
27505217	698	705	absence	T169	C0332197
27505217	713	719	symbol	T078	C0679214
27505217	725	759	high (vs. the low) construal level	T078	C1254370
27505217	760	765	prime	T041	C3825344
27505217	794	802	abstract	T078	C1552863
27505217	829	836	reduced	T080	C0392756
27505217	837	843	intake	T040	C0013470
27505217	853	856	cue	T078	C0010439
27505217	859	867	reminder	T077	C1709896
27505217	928	935	Priming	T041	C3825344
27505217	936	965	high construal level thinking	T078	C1254370
27505217	966	973	reduces	T080	C0392756
27505217	974	985	consumption	T052	C2983605
27505217	989	1013	high energy dense snacks	T168	C0453831
27505217	1021	1029	presence	T033	C0150312
27505217	1035	1045	visual cue	T041	C0086045
27505217	1048	1056	reminder	T077	C1709896
27505217	1072	1081	practical	T041	C0871112
27505217	1082	1091	technique	T169	C0449851
27505217	1096	1104	reducing	T080	C0392756
27505217	1105	1115	overeating	UnknownType	C0029946
27505217	1128	1137	potential	T080	C3245505
27505217	1144	1152	extended	T169	C0231448
27505217	1162	1181	unhealthy behaviors	UnknownType	C0679788

27505310|t|A comparison of the extent and pattern of cognitive impairment among predialysis, dialysis and transplant patients: a cross sectional study from Australia
27505310|a|A comparison of the extent and pattern of cognitive impairment among predialysis, dialysis and transplant patients: a cross sectional study from Australia AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the extent of cogntive impairment and the types of cognitive deficits in an Australian cohort of four patient groups with end stage kidney disease. Characteristics predicting the presence of cognitive impairment were also evaluated. Observational cross sectional study of one hundred and fifty five patients with end stage kidney disease recruited from a regional Australian renal unit. Eligible participants included those whose estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate was < 30 ml/min/1.73 m(2); were undertaking peritoneal or hemodialysis, or had received a kidney transplant. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool was used to screen the study participants for cognitive impairment and evaluate cognitive deficits. Cognitive impairment was defined as a total Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool score ≤24/30. The extent of cognitive impairment varied between the four groups with end stage kidney disease. Factors predicting the presence of cognitive impairment included undertaking dialysis, age ≥65, male gender, and the presence of diabetes or cerebrovascular disease. Deficits in executive function, attention, language, visuospatial skills, memory and orientation were common amongst the study participants, and these deficits varied according to which end stage kidney disease group the participants were in. Limitations to the study included the cross sectional design and that the presence of confounders like depression were not recorded. The impact of disparities in the cognitive capabilities identified in this study are likely to be far reaching. Tailoring of education and self management programs to the cognitive deficits of individuals is required.
27505310	20	26	extent	T082	C0439792
27505310	31	38	pattern	T082	C0449774
27505310	42	62	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27505310	69	80	predialysis	T079	C1254367
27505310	82	90	dialysis	T061	C0011946
27505310	95	105	transplant	T061	C0022671
27505310	106	114	patients	T101	C0030705
27505310	118	139	cross sectional study	T062	C0010362
27505310	145	154	Australia	T083	C0004340
27505310	175	181	extent	T082	C0439792
27505310	186	193	pattern	T082	C0449774
27505310	197	217	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27505310	224	235	predialysis	T079	C1254367
27505310	237	245	dialysis	T061	C0011946
27505310	250	260	transplant	T061	C0022671
27505310	261	269	patients	T101	C0030705
27505310	273	294	cross sectional study	T062	C0010362
27505310	300	309	Australia	T083	C0004340
27505310	356	362	extent	T082	C0439792
27505310	366	385	cogntive impairment	T048	C0338656
27505310	403	421	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
27505310	428	445	Australian cohort	T098	C0238711
27505310	454	468	patient groups	T101	C0030705
27505310	474	498	end stage kidney disease	T047	C0022661
27505310	531	539	presence	T080	C3854307
27505310	543	563	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27505310	574	583	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27505310	585	598	Observational	T062	C0302523
27505310	599	620	cross sectional study	T062	C0010362
27505310	651	659	patients	T101	C0030705
27505310	665	689	end stage kidney disease	T047	C0022661
27505310	739	760	Eligible participants	T098	C0679646
27505310	782	818	estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate	T059	C3811844
27505310	851	862	undertaking	T090	C0041666
27505310	863	873	peritoneal	T029	C0442034
27505310	877	889	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27505310	909	926	kidney transplant	T061	C0022671
27505310	932	966	Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool	T170	C3496286
27505310	990	1008	study participants	T096	C0681850
27505310	1013	1033	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27505310	1038	1046	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27505310	1047	1065	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
27505310	1067	1087	Cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27505310	1111	1145	Montreal Cognitive Assessment tool	T170	C3496286
27505310	1146	1151	score	T081	C0449820
27505310	1164	1170	extent	T082	C0439792
27505310	1174	1194	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27505310	1219	1225	groups	T078	C0441833
27505310	1231	1255	end stage kidney disease	T047	C0022661
27505310	1280	1288	presence	T080	C3854307
27505310	1292	1312	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27505310	1322	1333	undertaking	T090	C0041666
27505310	1334	1342	dialysis	T061	C0011946
27505310	1344	1351	age ≥65	T033	C4062450
27505310	1353	1364	male gender	T032	C0086582
27505310	1374	1382	presence	T080	C3854307
27505310	1386	1394	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27505310	1398	1421	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
27505310	1423	1453	Deficits in executive function	T048	C4062324
27505310	1455	1464	attention	T048	C0041671
27505310	1466	1474	language	T048	C0023015
27505310	1476	1495	visuospatial skills	T048	C0563622
27505310	1497	1503	memory	T048	C0233794
27505310	1508	1519	orientation	T048	C0233407
27505310	1544	1562	study participants	T096	C0681850
27505310	1574	1582	deficits	T080	C2987487
27505310	1609	1633	end stage kidney disease	T047	C0022661
27505310	1634	1639	group	T078	C0441833
27505310	1644	1656	participants	T098	C0679646
27505310	1704	1726	cross sectional design	T062	C0010362
27505310	1740	1748	presence	T080	C3854307
27505310	1769	1779	depression	T048	C0011570
27505310	1789	1797	recorded	T170	C0034869
27505310	1832	1841	cognitive	T041	C0009240
27505310	1842	1854	capabilities	T080	C2698977
27505310	1911	1962	Tailoring of education and self management programs	T170	C0282574
27505310	1970	1988	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
27505310	1992	2003	individuals	T098	C0237401

27505348|t|Metagenomic recovery of phage genomes of uncultured freshwater actinobacteria
27505348|a|Low - GC Actinobacteria are among the most abundant and widespread microbes in freshwaters and have largely resisted all cultivation efforts. Consequently, their phages have remained totally unknown. In this work, we have used deep metagenomic sequencing to assemble eight complete genomes of the first tailed phages that infect freshwater Actinobacteria. Their genomes encode the actinobacterial - specific transcription factor whiB, frequently found in mycobacteriophages and also in phages infecting marine pelagic Actinobacteria. Its presence suggests a common and widespread strategy of modulation of host transcriptional machinery upon infection via this transcriptional switch. We present evidence that some whiB - carrying phages infect the acI lineage of Actinobacteria. At least one of them encodes the ADP-ribosylating component of the widespread bacterial AB toxins family (for example, clostridial toxin). We posit that the presence of this toxin reflects a 'trojan horse' strategy, providing protection at the population level to the abundant host microbes against eukaryotic predators.
27505348	0	11	Metagenomic	T090	C2717799
27505348	12	20	recovery	T052	C0237820
27505348	24	29	phage	T005	C0004651
27505348	30	37	genomes	T028	C0042720
27505348	52	62	freshwater	T167	C0016710
27505348	63	77	actinobacteria	T007	C1456432
27505348	78	81	Low	T080	C0205251
27505348	84	86	GC	T081	C1135899
27505348	87	101	Actinobacteria	T007	C1456432
27505348	121	129	abundant	T080	C2346714
27505348	134	144	widespread	T082	C0205391
27505348	145	153	microbes	T001	C0445623
27505348	157	168	freshwaters	T167	C0016710
27505348	186	194	resisted	T169	C4281815
27505348	199	210	cultivation	T059	C2242979
27505348	211	218	efforts	T051	C1516084
27505348	240	246	phages	T005	C0004651
27505348	310	332	metagenomic sequencing	T063	C0487717
27505348	336	344	assemble	T052	C1706853
27505348	360	367	genomes	T028	C0042720
27505348	381	394	tailed phages	UnknownType	C0319341
27505348	400	406	infect	T033	C0439663
27505348	407	417	freshwater	T167	C0016710
27505348	418	432	Actinobacteria	T007	C1456432
27505348	440	447	genomes	T028	C0042720
27505348	448	454	encode	T052	C2700640
27505348	459	474	actinobacterial	T007	C1456432
27505348	477	485	specific	T080	C0205369
27505348	486	511	transcription factor whiB	T116,T123	C0040648
27505348	533	551	mycobacteriophages	T005	C0026911
27505348	564	570	phages	T005	C0004651
27505348	571	580	infecting	T033	C0439663
27505348	581	610	marine pelagic Actinobacteria	T007	C1023661
27505348	647	657	widespread	T082	C0205391
27505348	658	666	strategy	T169	C0449851
27505348	670	688	modulation of host	T043	C1154502
27505348	689	714	transcriptional machinery	T045	C1519592
27505348	720	729	infection	T046	C3714514
27505348	739	754	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27505348	755	761	switch	T169	C0392747
27505348	793	797	whiB	T116,T123	C0040648
27505348	800	808	carrying	T052	C0206243
27505348	809	815	phages	T005	C0004651
27505348	816	822	infect	T033	C0439663
27505348	827	830	acI	T007	C1456432
27505348	831	838	lineage	T077	C1881379
27505348	842	856	Actinobacteria	T007	C1456432
27505348	879	886	encodes	T052	C2700640
27505348	891	907	ADP-ribosylating	T067	C0596043
27505348	925	935	widespread	T082	C0205391
27505348	936	962	bacterial AB toxins family	T116,T123,T131	C0004630
27505348	977	994	clostridial toxin	T116,T131	C0086023
27505348	1000	1005	posit	T170	C0814253
27505348	1032	1037	toxin	T116,T123,T131	C0004630
27505348	1049	1072	'trojan horse' strategy	T169	C0449851
27505348	1084	1094	protection	T033	C1545588
27505348	1102	1112	population	T098	C1257890
27505348	1113	1118	level	T080	C0441889
27505348	1126	1134	abundant	T080	C2346714
27505348	1135	1139	host	T001	C1167395
27505348	1140	1148	microbes	T001	C0445623
27505348	1157	1177	eukaryotic predators	T204	C0684063

27505653|t|Pupil dynamics with periodic flashes: effect of age on mesopic adaptation
27505653|a|The purpose of this study is to determine the pupillary dynamics with periodical flashes from a peripheral glare source, in similar conditions to night driving, while focusing on dependence with age. We measured two groups of people: youth and adults. Maximum pupil size decreases due to periodic flashes. Latency does not present significant differences. The reduction of pupil size is greater for older adults. The presence of a peripheral and periodic glare source modifies the pupil size. This leads to a reduction of retinal illuminance, which is greater for older adults.
27505653	0	5	Pupil	T023	C0034121
27505653	6	14	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27505653	20	28	periodic	T079	C0332182
27505653	29	36	flashes	T033	C0549326
27505653	38	44	effect	T080	C1280500
27505653	48	51	age	T032	C0001779
27505653	55	62	mesopic	T042	C2350310
27505653	63	73	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27505653	106	115	determine	T080	C0521095
27505653	120	129	pupillary	T023	C0034121
27505653	130	138	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27505653	144	154	periodical	T079	C0332182
27505653	155	162	flashes	T033	C0549326
27505653	170	180	peripheral	T041	C0234628
27505653	181	186	glare	T070	C0278215
27505653	187	193	source	T033	C0449416
27505653	198	205	similar	T080	C2348205
27505653	206	216	conditions	T080	C0348080
27505653	220	225	night	T079	C0240526
27505653	226	233	driving	T056	C0004379
27505653	253	263	dependence	T080	C1701901
27505653	269	272	age	T032	C0001779
27505653	277	285	measured	T080	C0444706
27505653	290	306	groups of people	T098	C1257890
27505653	308	313	youth	T100	C0087178
27505653	318	324	adults	T100	C0001675
27505653	326	333	Maximum	T081	C0806909
27505653	334	344	pupil size	T201	C0517965
27505653	345	354	decreases	T081	C0547047
27505653	362	370	periodic	T079	C0332182
27505653	371	378	flashes	T033	C0549326
27505653	380	387	Latency	T079	C0242465
27505653	388	428	does not present significant differences	T033	C3842396
27505653	434	443	reduction	T080	C0392756
27505653	447	457	pupil size	T201	C0517965
27505653	461	468	greater	T081	C1704243
27505653	473	485	older adults	T098	C0001792
27505653	491	499	presence	T033	C0150312
27505653	505	515	peripheral	T041	C0234628
27505653	520	528	periodic	T079	C0332182
27505653	529	534	glare	T070	C0278215
27505653	535	541	source	T033	C0449416
27505653	542	550	modifies	T169	C0392747
27505653	555	565	pupil size	T201	C0517965
27505653	583	592	reduction	T080	C0392756
27505653	596	603	retinal	T023	C0035298
27505653	604	615	illuminance	T081	C2349048
27505653	626	633	greater	T081	C1704243
27505653	638	650	older adults	T098	C0001792

27506129|t|On the development of conjunctival hyperemia computer-assisted diagnosis tools: Influence of feature selection and class imbalance in automatic gradings
27506129|a|The sudden increase of blood flow in the bulbar conjunctiva, known as hyperemia, is associated to a red hue of variable intensity. Experts measure hyperemia using levels in a grading scale, a procedure that is subjective, non-repeatable and time consuming, thus creating a need for its automatisation. However, the task is far from straightforward due to data issues such as class imbalance or correlated features. In this paper, we study the specific features of hyperemia and propose various approaches to address these problems in the context of an automatic framework for hyperemia grading. Oversampling, undersampling and SMOTE approaches were applied in order to tackle the problem of class imbalance. 25 features were computed for each image and regression methods were then used to transform them into a value on the grading scale. The values and relationships among features and experts' values were analysed, and five feature selection techniques were subsequently studied. The lowest mean square error (MSE) for the regression systems trained with individual features is below 0.1 for both scales. Multi-layer perceptron (MLP) obtains the best values, but is less consistent than the random forest (RF) method. When all features are combined, the best results for both scales are achieved with MLP. Correlation based feature selection (CFS) and M5 provide the best results, MSE =0.108 and MSE =0.061 respectively. Finally, the class imbalance problem is minimised with the SMOTE approach for both scales (MSE <0.006). Machine learning methods are able to perform an objective assessment of hyperemia grading, removing both intra- and inter-expert subjectivity while providing a gain in computation time. SMOTE and oversampling approaches minimise the class imbalance problem, while feature selection reduces the number of features from 25 to 3-5 without worsening the MSE. As the differences between the system and a human expert are similar to the differences between experts, we can therefore conclude that the system behaves like an expert.
27506129	7	18	development	T169	C1527148
27506129	22	44	conjunctival hyperemia	T047	C1761613
27506129	45	78	computer-assisted diagnosis tools	T060	C0011905
27506129	93	100	feature	T080	C2348519
27506129	101	110	selection	T052	C1707391
27506129	115	130	class imbalance	T170	C0282574
27506129	176	186	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27506129	194	212	bulbar conjunctiva	T023	C0229275
27506129	223	232	hyperemia	T047	C0020452
27506129	253	260	red hue	T070	C0678581
27506129	264	272	variable	T080	C0439828
27506129	273	282	intensity	T080	C0205556
27506129	300	309	hyperemia	T047	C0020452
27506129	328	341	grading scale	T170	C0282574
27506129	394	408	time consuming	T080	C3827829
27506129	439	453	automatisation	T066	C0004376
27506129	485	500	straightforward	T080	C1272701
27506129	528	543	class imbalance	T170	C0282574
27506129	547	557	correlated	T080	C1707520
27506129	558	566	features	T080	C2348519
27506129	605	613	features	T080	C2348519
27506129	617	626	hyperemia	T047	C0020452
27506129	705	724	automatic framework	T170	C0282574
27506129	729	738	hyperemia	T047	C0020452
27506129	739	746	grading	T033	C0243095
27506129	748	760	Oversampling	T170	C0282574
27506129	762	775	undersampling	T170	C0282574
27506129	780	796	SMOTE approaches	T170	C0282574
27506129	844	859	class imbalance	T170	C0282574
27506129	906	924	regression methods	T170	C0034980
27506129	978	991	grading scale	T170	C0282574
27506129	1028	1036	features	T080	C2348519
27506129	1041	1056	experts' values	T033	C0243095
27506129	1081	1088	feature	T080	C2348519
27506129	1089	1098	selection	T052	C1707391
27506129	1141	1165	lowest mean square error	T081	C0392762
27506129	1167	1170	MSE	T081	C0392762
27506129	1180	1198	regression systems	T170	C0034980
27506129	1262	1284	Multi-layer perceptron	T170	C0870951
27506129	1286	1289	MLP	T170	C0870951
27506129	1348	1373	random forest (RF) method	T170	C0282574
27506129	1458	1461	MLP	T170	C0870951
27506129	1463	1498	Correlation based feature selection	T170	C0282574
27506129	1500	1503	CFS	T170	C0282574
27506129	1538	1541	MSE	T081	C0392762
27506129	1553	1556	MSE	T081	C0392762
27506129	1591	1614	class imbalance problem	T170	C0282574
27506129	1637	1651	SMOTE approach	T170	C0282574
27506129	1669	1672	MSE	T081	C0392762
27506129	1682	1698	Machine learning	T066	C0376284
27506129	1754	1763	hyperemia	T047	C0020452
27506129	1764	1771	grading	T033	C0243095
27506129	1787	1823	intra- and inter-expert subjectivity	T080	C0205556
27506129	1850	1861	computation	T052	C1880157
27506129	1862	1866	time	T079	C0040223
27506129	1868	1873	SMOTE	T170	C0282574
27506129	1878	1901	oversampling approaches	T170	C0282574
27506129	1915	1938	class imbalance problem	T170	C0282574
27506129	1946	1953	feature	T080	C2348519
27506129	1954	1963	selection	T052	C1707391
27506129	1986	1994	features	T080	C2348519
27506129	2032	2035	MSE	T081	C0392762
27506129	2068	2074	system	T073,T170	C0015324
27506129	2081	2093	human expert	T097	C0031831
27506129	2133	2140	experts	T097	C0031831
27506129	2177	2183	system	T073,T170	C0015324
27506129	2200	2206	expert	T097	C0031831

27506220|t|Medication, rehabilitation and health care consumption in adults with cerebral palsy: A population based study
27506220|a|To evaluate medication, rehabilitation and healthcare consumption in adults with CP as a function of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level. Questionnaire -based cross-sectional study. Brittany, a French county. Adults with cerebral palsy. Questionnaires relating to drugs, orthotic devices, mobility aids, rehabilitation and medical input were sent to 435 members of a unique regional French network dedicated to adults with cerebral palsy. The questionnaire was completed by the participant or a helper if necessary. Of the 282 responders, 7.8% had a GMFCS level of I, 14.2% II, 17.7% III, 29.1% IV and 31.2% V. Participants consumed a large amount of healthcare. Almost three-quarters took orally administered drugs, of which antispastic and antiepileptic drugs were among the most frequent. Nearly all patients had at least one type of rehabilitation, 87.2% had physiotherapy, 78% used at least one mobility aid and 69.5% used at least one orthotic device. The frequency of numerous inputs increased with GMFCS level. Specificities were found for each GMFCS level, e.g. participants with GMFCS level IV and V had a high level of medical input and a greater use of trunk-supporting devices, antireflux and laxative. Profiles could be established based on GMFCS levels. Adults with cerebral palsy use a large amount of drugs, mobility aids, orthotic devices, rehabilitation and medical input. Healthcare is targeted at cerebral palsy -related issues. GMFCS is a determinant of healthcare consumption and thus a useful tool for clinical practice to target care appropriately.
27506220	0	10	Medication	T058	C2081612
27506220	12	26	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27506220	31	54	health care consumption	T055	C0814514
27506220	58	64	adults	T100	C0001675
27506220	70	84	cerebral palsy	T047	C0007789
27506220	88	110	population based study	T062	C1709599
27506220	123	133	medication	T058	C2081612
27506220	135	149	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27506220	154	176	healthcare consumption	T055	C0814514
27506220	180	186	adults	T100	C0001675
27506220	192	194	CP	T047	C0007789
27506220	200	208	function	T169	C0542341
27506220	212	254	Gross Motor Function Classification System	T170	C3873236
27506220	256	261	GMFCS	T170	C3873236
27506220	270	283	Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27506220	291	312	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27506220	314	322	Brittany	T083	C0017446
27506220	326	339	French county	T083	C0079170
27506220	341	347	Adults	T100	C0001675
27506220	353	367	cerebral palsy	T047	C0007789
27506220	369	383	Questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27506220	396	401	drugs	T121	C0013227
27506220	403	419	orthotic devices	T074	C0029365
27506220	421	434	mobility aids	T074	C3495449
27506220	436	450	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27506220	455	468	medical input	T033	C0496675
27506220	474	478	sent	T169	C1519246
27506220	486	493	members	T098	C0680022
27506220	499	505	unique	T080	C1710548
27506220	506	521	regional French	T083	C0017446
27506220	522	529	network	T169	C1882071
27506220	543	549	adults	T100	C0001675
27506220	555	569	cerebral palsy	T047	C0007789
27506220	575	588	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27506220	593	602	completed	T080	C0205197
27506220	610	621	participant	T098	C0679646
27506220	627	633	helper	UnknownType	C0682221
27506220	659	669	responders	T033	C0919876
27506220	682	693	GMFCS level	T170	C3873236
27506220	743	755	Participants	T098	C0679646
27506220	767	793	large amount of healthcare	T055	C0814514
27506220	795	816	Almost three-quarters	T081	C2825406
27506220	822	847	orally administered drugs	T121	C0013227
27506220	858	869	antispastic	T121	C4020576
27506220	874	893	antiepileptic drugs	T121	C0003299
27506220	909	922	most frequent	T079	C0332183
27506220	935	943	patients	T101	C0030705
27506220	969	983	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27506220	995	1008	physiotherapy	T061	C0949766
27506220	1032	1044	mobility aid	T074	C3495449
27506220	1073	1088	orthotic device	T074	C0029365
27506220	1094	1103	frequency	T079	C0439603
27506220	1138	1149	GMFCS level	T170	C3873236
27506220	1151	1164	Specificities	T081	C0037791
27506220	1170	1175	found	T033	C0150312
27506220	1185	1196	GMFCS level	T170	C3873236
27506220	1203	1215	participants	T098	C0679646
27506220	1221	1232	GMFCS level	T170	C3873236
27506220	1248	1258	high level	T080	C0441889
27506220	1262	1275	medical input	T033	C0496675
27506220	1282	1296	greater use of	T169	C1524063
27506220	1297	1321	trunk-supporting devices	T074	C0025080
27506220	1323	1333	antireflux	T061	C0399651
27506220	1338	1346	laxative	T121	C0282090
27506220	1348	1356	Profiles	T081	C0237801
27506220	1387	1399	GMFCS levels	T170	C3873236
27506220	1401	1407	Adults	T100	C0001675
27506220	1413	1427	cerebral palsy	T047	C0007789
27506220	1434	1446	large amount	T081	C3869890
27506220	1450	1455	drugs	T121	C0013227
27506220	1457	1470	mobility aids	T074	C3495449
27506220	1472	1488	orthotic devices	T074	C0029365
27506220	1490	1504	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27506220	1509	1522	medical input	T033	C0496675
27506220	1524	1534	Healthcare	T058	C0086388
27506220	1538	1546	targeted	T169	C1521840
27506220	1550	1564	cerebral palsy	T047	C0007789
27506220	1550	1580	cerebral palsy -related issues	T033	C0033213
27506220	1582	1587	GMFCS	T170	C3873236
27506220	1593	1604	determinant	T169	C1521761
27506220	1608	1630	healthcare consumption	T055	C0814514
27506220	1658	1675	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
27506220	1679	1685	target	T169	C1521840
27506220	1686	1690	care	T052	C1947933
27506220	1691	1704	appropriately	T080	C1548787

27506608|t|Adequacy of initial evaluation of fever in long-term care facilities
27506608|a|Febrile residents in long-term care facilities (LTCF) might be inadequately evaluated by caregivers. The present study aimed to examine the factors associated with inadequacy of initial fever evaluations by caregivers at night in LTCF. We carried out a cross-sectional study among a convenience sample of caregivers employed at 11 LTCF in Japan using a vignette-based questionnaire. The respondents were randomly assigned to one of two scenarios describing a mild or severe febrile episode in an LTCF resident at night. The respondents ' thinking patterns were classified based on influential factors in their fever evaluation. Associations between adequacy of evaluation and respondents ' characteristics were evaluated using generalized linear mixed models. A total of 34% of fever evaluations among caregivers were considered to be inadequate regarding the necessity for examination by a physician, due in most cases to underestimating the severity of the fever. Respondents ' thinking patterns in fever evaluation were significantly associated with the adequacy of the evaluation. Caregivers who placed particular importance on the preferences of residents and families versus other factors including the resident 's febrile condition, were more likely to make an inadequate evaluation than those who did not. Our findings here suggest that eagerness to comply with residents ' preference in fever evaluation could prompt caregivers not to call for an appropriate diagnostic procedure. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; ••: ••-••.
27506608	0	8	Adequacy	T080	C0205411
27506608	12	19	initial	T079	C0205265
27506608	20	30	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27506608	34	39	fever	T184	C0015967
27506608	43	68	long-term care facilities	T073,T093	C1708733
27506608	69	76	Febrile	T184	C0687681
27506608	77	86	residents	T098	C2347958
27506608	90	115	long-term care facilities	T073,T093	C1708733
27506608	117	121	LTCF	T073,T093	C1708733
27506608	132	144	inadequately	T080	C0205412
27506608	145	154	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27506608	158	168	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27506608	174	181	present	T079	C0521116
27506608	182	187	study	T062	C2603343
27506608	188	193	aimed	T078	C1947946
27506608	209	216	factors	T169	C1521761
27506608	217	232	associated with	T080	C0332281
27506608	233	243	inadequacy	T080	C0205412
27506608	247	254	initial	T079	C0205265
27506608	255	260	fever	T184	C0015967
27506608	261	272	evaluations	T058	C0220825
27506608	276	286	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27506608	290	295	night	T079	C0240526
27506608	299	303	LTCF	T073,T093	C1708733
27506608	322	343	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27506608	352	370	convenience sample	T062	C0150095
27506608	374	384	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27506608	385	393	employed	T033	C0557351
27506608	400	404	LTCF	T073,T093	C1708733
27506608	408	413	Japan	T083	C0022341
27506608	422	450	vignette-based questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27506608	456	467	respondents	T098	C0282122
27506608	473	481	randomly	T080	C0439605
27506608	505	514	scenarios	T169	C0683579
27506608	528	532	mild	T080	C2945599
27506608	536	542	severe	T080	C0205082
27506608	543	550	febrile	T184	C0687681
27506608	551	558	episode	T079	C0332189
27506608	565	569	LTCF	T073,T093	C1708733
27506608	570	578	resident	T098	C2347958
27506608	582	587	night	T079	C0240526
27506608	593	604	respondents	T098	C0282122
27506608	607	624	thinking patterns	T041	C0039869
27506608	630	640	classified	T185	C0008902
27506608	650	661	influential	T077	C4054723
27506608	662	669	factors	T169	C1521761
27506608	679	684	fever	T184	C0015967
27506608	685	695	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27506608	697	709	Associations	T080	C0332281
27506608	718	726	adequacy	T080	C0205411
27506608	730	740	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27506608	745	756	respondents	T098	C0282122
27506608	759	774	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27506608	780	789	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27506608	796	827	generalized linear mixed models	T062	C0242481
27506608	847	852	fever	T184	C0015967
27506608	853	864	evaluations	T058	C0220825
27506608	871	881	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27506608	904	914	inadequate	T080	C0205412
27506608	929	938	necessity	T078	C1555447
27506608	943	954	examination	T058	C0582103
27506608	960	969	physician	T097	C0031831
27506608	1012	1020	severity	T080	C0205082
27506608	1028	1033	fever	T184	C0015967
27506608	1035	1046	Respondents	T098	C0282122
27506608	1049	1066	thinking patterns	T041	C0039869
27506608	1070	1075	fever	T184	C0015967
27506608	1076	1086	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27506608	1106	1121	associated with	T080	C0332281
27506608	1126	1134	adequacy	T080	C0205411
27506608	1142	1152	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27506608	1154	1164	Caregivers	T097	C0085537
27506608	1187	1197	importance	T080	C3898777
27506608	1205	1216	preferences	T078	C0558295
27506608	1220	1229	residents	T098	C2347958
27506608	1234	1242	families	T099	C0015576
27506608	1256	1263	factors	T169	C1521761
27506608	1278	1286	resident	T098	C2347958
27506608	1290	1297	febrile	T184	C0687681
27506608	1298	1307	condition	T080	C0348080
27506608	1337	1347	inadequate	T080	C0205412
27506608	1348	1358	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27506608	1387	1395	findings	T033	C0243095
27506608	1414	1423	eagerness	T041	C0424090
27506608	1439	1448	residents	T098	C2347958
27506608	1451	1461	preference	T078	C0558295
27506608	1465	1470	fever	T184	C0015967
27506608	1471	1481	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27506608	1488	1494	prompt	T169	C0871157
27506608	1495	1505	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27506608	1525	1536	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27506608	1537	1557	diagnostic procedure	T060	C0430022

27507240|t|Climate change increases the risk of herbicide - resistant weeds due to enhanced detoxification
27507240|a|Global warming will increase the incidence of metabolism -based reduced herbicide efficacy on weeds and, therefore, the risk for evolution of non-target site herbicide resistance. Climate changes affect food security both directly and indirectly. Weeds are the major biotic factor limiting crop production worldwide, and herbicides are the most cost-effective way for weed management. Processes associated with climatic changes, such as elevated temperatures, can strongly affect weed control efficiency. Responses of several grass weed populations to herbicides that inhibit acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) were examined under different temperature regimes. We characterized the mechanism of temperature -dependent sensitivity and the kinetics of pinoxaden detoxification. The products of pinoxaden detoxification were quantified. Decreased sensitivity to ACCase inhibitors was observed under elevated temperatures. Pre-treatment with the cytochrome-P450 inhibitor malathion supports a non-target site metabolism -based mechanism of herbicide resistance. The first 48 h after herbicide application were crucial for pinoxaden detoxification. The levels of the inactive glucose-conjugated pinoxaden product (M5) were found significantly higher under high- than low- temperature regime. Under high temperature, a rapid elevation in the level of the intermediate metabolite (M4) was found only in pinoxaden - resistant plants. Our results highlight the quantitative nature of non-target -site resistance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence for temperature -dependent herbicide sensitivity based on metabolic detoxification. These findings suggest an increased risk for the evolution of herbicide - resistant weeds under predicted climatic conditions.
27507240	0	14	Climate change	T070	C2718051
27507240	15	24	increases	T169	C0442805
27507240	37	46	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27507240	49	58	resistant	T169	C0332325
27507240	59	64	weeds	T002	C2936212
27507240	81	95	detoxification	T061	C0150543
27507240	96	110	Global warming	T069	C0206217
27507240	116	124	increase	T169	C0442805
27507240	129	138	incidence	T081	C0021149
27507240	142	152	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27507240	160	167	reduced	T080	C0392756
27507240	168	177	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27507240	178	186	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27507240	190	195	weeds	T002	C2936212
27507240	225	234	evolution	T045	C0015219
27507240	238	248	non-target	T080	C1518389
27507240	254	263	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27507240	264	274	resistance	T169	C4281815
27507240	276	291	Climate changes	T070	C2718051
27507240	299	312	food security	T080	C3178753
27507240	343	348	Weeds	T002	C2936212
27507240	363	376	biotic factor	T070	C1253910
27507240	386	401	crop production	T090	C4042899
27507240	417	427	herbicides	T131	C0019236
27507240	441	455	cost-effective	T090	C1511535
27507240	464	468	weed	T002	C2936212
27507240	469	479	management	T057	C1273870
27507240	507	523	climatic changes	T070	C2718051
27507240	533	554	elevated temperatures	T033	C0243095
27507240	576	580	weed	T002	C2936212
27507240	581	588	control	T080	C0243148
27507240	589	599	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27507240	622	627	grass	T002	C0032098
27507240	628	632	weed	T002	C2936212
27507240	648	658	herbicides	T131	C0019236
27507240	672	694	acetyl-CoA carboxylase	T116,T126	C0001022
27507240	696	702	ACCase	T116,T126	C0001022
27507240	734	745	temperature	T081	C0039476
27507240	776	785	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27507240	789	800	temperature	T081	C0039476
27507240	812	823	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27507240	832	840	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27507240	844	853	pinoxaden	T109	C2717488
27507240	854	868	detoxification	T061	C0150543
27507240	886	895	pinoxaden	T109	C2717488
27507240	896	910	detoxification	T061	C0150543
27507240	928	949	Decreased sensitivity	T067	C2348085
27507240	953	970	ACCase inhibitors	T121	C0001046
27507240	990	1011	elevated temperatures	T033	C0243095
27507240	1013	1026	Pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
27507240	1036	1051	cytochrome-P450	T116,T126	C0010762
27507240	1052	1061	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27507240	1062	1071	malathion	T109,T121,T131	C0024547
27507240	1083	1093	non-target	T080	C1518389
27507240	1099	1109	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27507240	1117	1126	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27507240	1130	1139	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27507240	1140	1150	resistance	T169	C4281815
27507240	1173	1182	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27507240	1212	1221	pinoxaden	T109	C2717488
27507240	1222	1236	detoxification	T061	C0150543
27507240	1256	1264	inactive	T080	C0205254
27507240	1265	1283	glucose-conjugated	T082	C0522529
27507240	1284	1293	pinoxaden	T109	C2717488
27507240	1303	1305	M5	T123	C0870883
27507240	1361	1372	temperature	T081	C0039476
27507240	1392	1403	temperature	T081	C0039476
27507240	1413	1422	elevation	T082	C0702240
27507240	1443	1455	intermediate	T082	C0205103
27507240	1456	1466	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27507240	1468	1470	M4	T123	C0870883
27507240	1490	1499	pinoxaden	T109	C2717488
27507240	1502	1511	resistant	T169	C0332325
27507240	1512	1518	plants	T002	C0032098
27507240	1569	1579	non-target	T080	C1518389
27507240	1586	1596	resistance	T169	C4281815
27507240	1672	1683	temperature	T081	C0039476
27507240	1695	1704	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27507240	1705	1716	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27507240	1726	1735	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27507240	1736	1750	detoxification	T061	C0150543
27507240	1778	1787	increased	T169	C0442805
27507240	1788	1792	risk	T078	C0035647
27507240	1801	1810	evolution	T045	C0015219
27507240	1814	1823	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27507240	1826	1835	resistant	T169	C0332325
27507240	1836	1841	weeds	T002	C2936212
27507240	1858	1877	climatic conditions	UnknownType	C0868933

27507301|t|MicroRNA 101b Is Downregulated in the Prefrontal Cortex of a Genetic Model of Depression and Targets the Glutamate Transporter SLC1A1 (EAAT3) in Vitro
27507301|a|MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that cause translational repression by base pairing with target mRNAs. Cumulative evidence suggests that changes in miRNA expression may in part underlie the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). A miRNA expression assay that can simultaneously detect 423 rat miRNAs (miRBase v.17) was used to profile the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of a genetic rat model of MDD (the Flinders Sensitive Line [FSL]) and the controls, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL). Gene expression data from the PFC of FSL / FRL animals (GEO accession no. GSE20388) were used to guide mRNA target selection. Luciferase reporter assays were used to verify miRNA targets in vitro. We identified 23 miRNAs that were downregulated in the PFC of the FSL model compared with controls. Interestingly, one of the identified miRNAs (miR-101b) is highly conserved between rat and human and was recently found to be downregulated in the PFC of depressed suicide subjects. Using a combination of in silico and in vitro analyses, we found that miR-101b targets the neuronal glutamate transporter SLC1A1 (also known as EAAC1 or EAAT3). Accordingly, both mRNA and protein levels of SLC1A1 were found to be upregulated in the PFC of the FSL model. Besides providing a list of novel miRNAs associated with depression-like states, this preclinical study replicated the human association of miR-101 with depression. In addition, since one of the targets of miR-101b appears to be a glutamate transporter, our preclinical data support the hypothesis of a glutamatergic dysregulation being implicated in the etiology of depression.
27507301	0	13	MicroRNA 101b	T028	C2825314
27507301	17	30	Downregulated	T044	C0013081
27507301	38	55	Prefrontal Cortex	T023	C0162783
27507301	61	74	Genetic Model	T170	C0026343
27507301	78	88	Depression	T048	C0011581
27507301	93	100	Targets	T169	C1521840
27507301	105	126	Glutamate Transporter	T116,T123	C0061467
27507301	127	133	SLC1A1	T116,T123	C1529079
27507301	135	140	EAAT3	T116,T123	C1529079
27507301	142	150	in Vitro	T080	C1533691
27507301	151	160	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27507301	162	168	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27507301	174	179	small	T081	C0700321
27507301	180	190	regulatory	T077	C1704735
27507301	191	200	molecules	T167	C0567416
27507301	212	236	translational repression	T045	C1519619
27507301	240	270	base pairing with target mRNAs	T044	C2263416
27507301	272	282	Cumulative	T080	C1511559
27507301	283	291	evidence	T078	C3887511
27507301	306	313	changes	T169	C0392747
27507301	317	322	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27507301	323	333	expression	T045	C0017262
27507301	359	374	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27507301	379	388	treatment	T061	C0087111
27507301	392	418	neuropsychiatric disorders	T047	C2015799
27507301	430	455	major depressive disorder	T048	C1269683
27507301	457	460	MDD	T048	C1269683
27507301	465	470	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27507301	471	481	expression	T045	C0017262
27507301	482	487	assay	T059	C0005507
27507301	497	511	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27507301	527	533	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
27507301	561	568	profile	T059	C1979963
27507301	573	590	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
27507301	592	595	PFC	T023	C0162783
27507301	602	619	genetic rat model	T170	C0026343
27507301	623	626	MDD	T048	C1269683
27507301	632	655	Flinders Sensitive Line	T170	C0026343
27507301	657	660	FSL	T170	C0026343
27507301	671	679	controls	T096	C0009932
27507301	685	708	Flinders Resistant Line	T170	C0026343
27507301	710	713	FRL	T170	C0026343
27507301	716	731	Gene expression	T045	C0017262
27507301	732	736	data	T078	C1511726
27507301	746	749	PFC	T023	C0162783
27507301	753	756	FSL	T170	C0026343
27507301	759	762	FRL	T170	C0026343
27507301	763	770	animals	T008	C0003062
27507301	819	823	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27507301	824	830	target	T169	C1521840
27507301	831	840	selection	T052	C1707391
27507301	842	868	Luciferase reporter assays	T059	C0005507
27507301	882	888	verify	T169	C1711411
27507301	889	894	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27507301	895	902	targets	T169	C1521840
27507301	903	911	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27507301	916	926	identified	T080	C0205396
27507301	930	936	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
27507301	947	960	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27507301	968	971	PFC	T023	C0162783
27507301	979	988	FSL model	T170	C0026343
27507301	989	997	compared	T052	C1707455
27507301	1003	1011	controls	T096	C0009932
27507301	1039	1049	identified	T080	C0205396
27507301	1050	1056	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
27507301	1058	1066	miR-101b	T028	C2825314
27507301	1078	1087	conserved	T080	C2347858
27507301	1096	1099	rat	T015	C0086893
27507301	1104	1109	human	T016	C0086418
27507301	1139	1152	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27507301	1160	1163	PFC	T023	C0162783
27507301	1167	1176	depressed	T184	C1579931
27507301	1177	1184	suicide	T033	C0038661
27507301	1185	1193	subjects	T096	C0681850
27507301	1203	1214	combination	T080	C0205195
27507301	1218	1227	in silico	T066	C3489666
27507301	1232	1240	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27507301	1241	1249	analyses	T062	C0936012
27507301	1265	1273	miR-101b	T028	C2825314
27507301	1274	1281	targets	T169	C1521840
27507301	1286	1294	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27507301	1295	1316	glutamate transporter	T116,T123	C0061467
27507301	1317	1323	SLC1A1	T116,T123	C1529079
27507301	1339	1344	EAAC1	T116,T123	C1529079
27507301	1348	1353	EAAT3	T116,T123	C1529079
27507301	1374	1378	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27507301	1383	1397	protein levels	T034	C0428479
27507301	1401	1407	SLC1A1	T116,T123	C1529079
27507301	1425	1436	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27507301	1444	1447	PFC	T023	C0162783
27507301	1455	1464	FSL model	T170	C0026343
27507301	1500	1506	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
27507301	1507	1522	associated with	T080	C0332281
27507301	1523	1545	depression-like states	T033	C0344315
27507301	1552	1569	preclinical study	T062	C1709631
27507301	1570	1580	replicated	T169	C0205173
27507301	1585	1590	human	T016	C0086418
27507301	1591	1602	association	T080	C0439849
27507301	1606	1613	miR-101	T028	C2825314
27507301	1619	1629	depression	T048	C0011581
27507301	1661	1668	targets	T169	C1521840
27507301	1672	1680	miR-101b	T028	C2825314
27507301	1697	1718	glutamate transporter	T116,T123	C0061467
27507301	1724	1735	preclinical	T080	C1709630
27507301	1736	1740	data	T078	C1511726
27507301	1753	1763	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27507301	1769	1782	glutamatergic	T121	C0242899
27507301	1783	1796	dysregulation	T033	C0243095
27507301	1821	1829	etiology	T169	C1314792
27507301	1833	1843	depression	T048	C0011581

27507385|t|A Practical Guide to Forensic Nursing: Incorporating forensic principles into nursing practice Amar Angela F and Sekula L Kathleen A Practical Guide to Forensic Nursing: Incorporating forensic principles into nursing practice 392pp US$59.95 Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing 9781940446349 1940446341 [Formula: see text
27507385|a|George Bernard Shaw described Britons and Americans as ' divided by a common language ', and that is made very clear in this fascinating publication that describes in depth the roles and responsibilities of forensic nurses in the US.
27507385	2	17	Practical Guide	T097	C0181090
27507385	21	37	Forensic Nursing	T091	C1721027
27507385	39	52	Incorporating	T169	C0332257
27507385	53	61	forensic	T091	C1721027
27507385	62	72	principles	T081	C1882460
27507385	78	94	nursing practice	T058	C0028687
27507385	95	108	Amar Angela F	T016	C0086418
27507385	113	130	Sekula L Kathleen	T016	C0086418
27507385	133	148	Practical Guide	T097	C0181090
27507385	152	168	Forensic Nursing	T091	C1721027
27507385	184	192	forensic	T091	C1721027
27507385	193	203	principles	T081	C1882460
27507385	209	225	nursing practice	T058	C0028687
27507385	340	359	George Bernard Shaw	T016	C0086418
27507385	370	377	Britons	T098	C0337925
27507385	382	391	Americans	T098	C0596070
27507385	397	404	divided	T169	C0332849
27507385	410	425	common language	T171	C0023008
27507385	465	488	fascinating publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27507385	517	543	roles and responsibilities	T170	C3890565
27507385	547	562	forensic nurses	T097	C0028661
27507385	570	572	US	T083	C0041703

27507702|t|Transcriptome sequencing and de novo characterization of Korean endemic land snail, Koreanohadra kurodana for functional transcripts and SSR markers
27507702|a|The Korean endemic land snail Koreanohadra kurodana (Gastropoda: Bradybaenidae) found in humid areas of broadleaf forests and shrubs have been considered vulnerable as the number of individuals are declining in recent years. The species is poorly characterized at the genomic level that limits the understanding of functions at the molecular and genetics level. In the present study, we performed de novo transcriptome sequencing to produce a comprehensive transcript dataset of visceral mass tissue of K. kurodana by the Illumina paired-end sequencing technology. Over 234 million quality reads were assembled to a total of 315,924 contigs and 191,071 unigenes, with an average and N50 length of 585.6 and 715 bp and 678 and 927 bp, respectively. Overall, 36.32 % of the unigenes found matches to known protein / nucleotide sequences in the public databases. The direction of the unigenes to functional categories was determined using COG, GO, KEGG, and InterProScan protein domain search. The GO analysis search resulted in 22,967 unigenes (12.02 %) being categorized into 40 functional groups. The KEGG annotation revealed that metabolism pathway genes were enriched. The most prominent protein motifs include the zinc finger, ribonuclease H, reverse transcriptase, and ankyrin repeat domains. The simple sequence repeats (SSRs) identified from >1 kb length of unigenes show a dominancy of dinucleotide repeat motifs followed with tri- and tetranucleotide motifs. A number of unigenes were putatively assessed to belong to adaptation and defense mechanisms including heat shock proteins 70, Toll-like receptor 4, AMP-activated protein kinase, aquaporin-2, etc. Our data provide a rich source for the identification and functional characterization of new genes and candidate polymorphic SSR markers in K. kurodana. The availability of transcriptome information (http://bioinfo.sch.ac.kr/submission/) would promote the utilization of the resources for phylogenetics study and genetic diversity assessment.
27507702	0	24	Transcriptome sequencing	T059	C4086963
27507702	29	36	de novo	T078	C1515568
27507702	37	53	characterization	T052	C1880022
27507702	57	63	Korean	T083	C0022771
27507702	72	82	land snail	T204	C0037378
27507702	84	105	Koreanohadra kurodana	T204	C0037378
27507702	121	132	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27507702	137	140	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
27507702	141	148	markers	T045	C0017393
27507702	153	159	Korean	T083	C0022771
27507702	168	178	land snail	T204	C0037378
27507702	179	200	Koreanohadra kurodana	T204	C0037378
27507702	202	212	Gastropoda	T204	C0324023
27507702	214	227	Bradybaenidae	T204	C1040093
27507702	238	249	humid areas	T067	C0563027
27507702	253	270	broadleaf forests	T070	C0086312
27507702	275	281	shrubs	T002	C0446286
27507702	331	342	individuals	T098	C0237401
27507702	367	372	years	T079	C0439234
27507702	378	385	species	T204	C0684063
27507702	417	430	genomic level	T028	C0017428
27507702	464	473	functions	T169	C0542341
27507702	481	490	molecular	T080	C1521991
27507702	495	509	genetics level	T169	C0314603
27507702	526	531	study	T062	C2603343
27507702	546	553	de novo	T078	C1515568
27507702	554	578	transcriptome sequencing	T059	C4086963
27507702	606	616	transcript	T114	C1519595
27507702	617	624	dataset	T170	C0150098
27507702	628	648	visceral mass tissue	T024	C0040300
27507702	652	663	K. kurodana	T204	C0037378
27507702	671	712	Illumina paired-end sequencing technology	T063	C1513384
27507702	782	789	contigs	T082	C1511491
27507702	802	810	unigenes	T170	C1710539
27507702	832	835	N50	T114	C0028630
27507702	836	842	length	T081	C1444754
27507702	921	929	unigenes	T170	C1710539
27507702	953	960	protein	T087	C0002518
27507702	963	983	nucleotide sequences	T086	C0004793
27507702	991	1007	public databases	T170	C0242356
27507702	1013	1022	direction	T082	C0449738
27507702	1030	1038	unigenes	T170	C1710539
27507702	1085	1088	COG	T170	C0242356
27507702	1090	1092	GO	T170	C1138831
27507702	1094	1098	KEGG	T170	C0242356
27507702	1104	1116	InterProScan	T170	C2826595
27507702	1117	1131	protein domain	T087	C1514562
27507702	1132	1138	search	T052	C1706202
27507702	1144	1146	GO	T170	C1138831
27507702	1147	1155	analysis	T062	C0936012
27507702	1182	1190	unigenes	T170	C1710539
27507702	1227	1244	functional groups	T120	C0598132
27507702	1250	1265	KEGG annotation	T170	C0242356
27507702	1280	1298	metabolism pathway	T169	C1291081
27507702	1299	1304	genes	T028	C0017337
27507702	1339	1353	protein motifs	T087	C1514562
27507702	1366	1377	zinc finger	T087	C0080347
27507702	1379	1393	ribonuclease H	T116,T126	C0085431
27507702	1395	1416	reverse transcriptase	T116,T126	C0035379
27507702	1422	1444	ankyrin repeat domains	T044	C1956127
27507702	1450	1473	simple sequence repeats	T114,T123	C1519302
27507702	1475	1479	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302
27507702	1503	1509	length	T081	C1444754
27507702	1513	1521	unigenes	T170	C1710539
27507702	1542	1568	dinucleotide repeat motifs	T114,T123	C0282524
27507702	1583	1587	tri-	T114,T123	C0282537
27507702	1592	1614	tetranucleotide motifs	T114,T123	C0282521
27507702	1628	1636	unigenes	T170	C1710539
27507702	1675	1685	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27507702	1690	1708	defense mechanisms	T041	C0011142
27507702	1719	1741	heat shock proteins 70	T116,T123	C0243043
27507702	1743	1763	Toll-like receptor 4	T116,T192	C1411976
27507702	1765	1793	AMP-activated protein kinase	T116,T126	C2350345
27507702	1795	1806	aquaporin-2	T116,T123	C0213238
27507702	1852	1866	identification	T080	C0205396
27507702	1882	1898	characterization	T052	C1880022
27507702	1906	1911	genes	T028	C0017337
27507702	1926	1937	polymorphic	T080	C1882417
27507702	1938	1941	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
27507702	1942	1949	markers	T045	C0017393
27507702	1953	1964	K. kurodana	T204	C0037378
27507702	1986	1999	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27507702	2013	2049	http://bioinfo.sch.ac.kr/submission/	T170	C0872179
27507702	2102	2121	phylogenetics study	T062	C1519068
27507702	2126	2143	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27507702	2144	2154	assessment	T052	C1516048

27508301|t|Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity and the Overlap of Comorbidities in HIV+ Hispanics Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy
27508301|a|Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading health threat for HIV+ patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART); cardiometabolic comorbidities are key predictors of risk. Data are limited on incidence of metabolic comorbidities in HIV+ individuals initiating ART in low and middle income countries (LMICs), particularly for Hispanics. We examined incidence of diabetes and obesity in a prospective cohort of those initiating ART in the Dominican Republic. Participants ≥18 years, initiating ART <90 days prior to study enrollment, were examined for incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), diabetes mellitus (DM), overweight, and obesity. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 100-125mg/dl defined IFG; FPG ≥126 mg/dl, diagnosis per medical record, or use of hypoglycemic medication defined DM. Overweight and obesity were BMI 25-30 and ≥30kg/m2, respectively. Dyslipidemia was total cholesterol ≥240mg/dl or use of lipid-lowering medication. Framingham risk equation was used to determine ten-year CVD risk at the end of observation. Of 153 initiating ART, 8 (6%) had DM and 23 (16%) had IFG at baseline, 6 developed DM (28/1000 person - years follow up [PYFU]) and 46 developed IFG (329/1000 PYFU). At baseline, 24 (18%) were obese and 36 (27%) were overweight, 15 became obese (69/1000 PYFU) and 22 became overweight (163/1000 PYFU). Median observation periods for the diabetes and obesity analyses were 23.5 months and 24.3 months, respectively. Increased CVD risk (≥10% 10-year Framingham risk score) was present for 13% of the cohort; 79% of the cohort had ≥1 cardiometabolic comorbidity, 48% had ≥2, and 13% had all three. In this Hispanic cohort in an LMIC, incidences of IFG / DM and overweight / obesity were similar to or higher than that found in high income countries, and cardiometabolic disorders affected three-quarters of those initiating ART. Care models incorporating cardiovascular risk reduction into HIV treatment programs are needed to prevent CVD - associated mortality in this vulnerable population.
27508301	0	9	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27508301	13	30	Diabetes Mellitus	T047	C0011849
27508301	35	42	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27508301	51	58	Overlap	T079	C1948020
27508301	62	75	Comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27508301	79	83	HIV+	T034	C0019699
27508301	84	93	Hispanics	T098	C0086409
27508301	94	104	Initiating	T169	C1704686
27508301	105	127	Antiretroviral Therapy	T061	C1963724
27508301	128	150	Cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27508301	152	155	CVD	T047	C0007222
27508301	170	176	health	T078	C0018684
27508301	177	183	threat	T078	C0749385
27508301	188	192	HIV+	T034	C0019699
27508301	193	201	patients	T101	C0030705
27508301	205	227	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
27508301	229	232	ART	T061	C1963724
27508301	235	250	cardiometabolic	T047	C0025517
27508301	251	264	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27508301	273	291	predictors of risk	T033	C0035648
27508301	293	297	Data	T078	C1511726
27508301	313	322	incidence	T081	C0021149
27508301	326	335	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27508301	336	349	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27508301	353	357	HIV+	T034	C0019699
27508301	358	369	individuals	T098	C0237401
27508301	370	380	initiating	T169	C1704686
27508301	381	384	ART	T061	C1963724
27508301	388	391	low	T080	C0870823
27508301	396	409	middle income	T080	C0870890
27508301	410	419	countries	T083	C0454664
27508301	421	426	LMICs	T083	C0454664
27508301	429	441	particularly	T080	C0205556
27508301	446	455	Hispanics	T098	C0086409
27508301	460	468	examined	T033	C0332128
27508301	469	478	incidence	T081	C0021149
27508301	482	490	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27508301	495	502	obesity	T047	C0028754
27508301	508	526	prospective cohort	T098	C0599755
27508301	536	546	initiating	T169	C1704686
27508301	547	550	ART	T061	C1963724
27508301	558	576	Dominican Republic	T083	C0013014
27508301	578	590	Participants	T098	C0679646
27508301	595	600	years	T079	C0439234
27508301	602	612	initiating	T169	C1704686
27508301	613	616	ART	T061	C1963724
27508301	621	625	days	T079	C0439228
27508301	635	640	study	T062	C2603343
27508301	641	651	enrollment	T058	C1516879
27508301	658	666	examined	T033	C0332128
27508301	671	680	incidence	T081	C0021149
27508301	684	708	impaired fasting glucose	T033	C1272092
27508301	710	713	IFG	T033	C1272092
27508301	716	733	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27508301	735	737	DM	T047	C0011849
27508301	740	763	overweight, and obesity	T047	C1561826
27508301	765	787	Fasting plasma glucose	T059	C0583513
27508301	789	792	FPG	T059	C0583513
27508301	815	818	IFG	T033	C1272092
27508301	820	823	FPG	T059	C0583513
27508301	836	845	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27508301	850	864	medical record	T170	C0025102
27508301	876	899	hypoglycemic medication	T121	C0020616
27508301	908	910	DM	T047	C0011849
27508301	912	934	Overweight and obesity	T047	C1561826
27508301	940	943	BMI	T201	C1305855
27508301	978	990	Dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
27508301	995	1012	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
27508301	1026	1032	use of	T169	C1524063
27508301	1033	1058	lipid-lowering medication	T121	C0003367
27508301	1060	1084	Framingham risk equation	T170	C3176199
27508301	1089	1093	used	T033	C1273517
27508301	1097	1106	determine	T080	C0521095
27508301	1107	1115	ten-year	T079	C0439234
27508301	1116	1119	CVD	T047	C0007222
27508301	1120	1124	risk	T058	C0086930
27508301	1132	1150	end of observation	T062	C0302523
27508301	1159	1169	initiating	T169	C1704686
27508301	1170	1173	ART	T061	C1963724
27508301	1186	1188	DM	T047	C0011849
27508301	1206	1209	IFG	T033	C1272092
27508301	1213	1221	baseline	T081	C1442488
27508301	1235	1237	DM	T047	C0011849
27508301	1247	1253	person	T098	C0027361
27508301	1256	1261	years	T079	C0439234
27508301	1262	1271	follow up	T058	C1522577
27508301	1273	1277	PYFU	T058	C1522577
27508301	1297	1300	IFG	T033	C1272092
27508301	1311	1315	PYFU	T058	C1522577
27508301	1321	1329	baseline	T081	C1442488
27508301	1345	1350	obese	T047	C0028754
27508301	1369	1379	overweight	T184	C0497406
27508301	1391	1396	obese	T047	C0028754
27508301	1406	1410	PYFU	T058	C1522577
27508301	1426	1436	overweight	T184	C0497406
27508301	1447	1451	PYFU	T058	C1522577
27508301	1454	1460	Median	T082	C2939193
27508301	1461	1472	observation	T058	C0700325
27508301	1473	1480	periods	T079	C1948053
27508301	1489	1497	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27508301	1502	1509	obesity	T047	C0028754
27508301	1510	1518	analyses	T062	C0936012
27508301	1529	1535	months	T079	C0439231
27508301	1545	1551	months	T079	C0439231
27508301	1567	1576	Increased	T081	C0205217
27508301	1577	1580	CVD	T047	C0007222
27508301	1581	1585	risk	T058	C0086930
27508301	1592	1621	10-year Framingham risk score	T033	C4086295
27508301	1627	1634	present	T033	C0150312
27508301	1650	1656	cohort	T098	C0599755
27508301	1669	1675	cohort	T098	C0599755
27508301	1683	1710	cardiometabolic comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27508301	1755	1763	Hispanic	T098	C0086409
27508301	1764	1770	cohort	T098	C0599755
27508301	1777	1781	LMIC	T083	C0454664
27508301	1783	1793	incidences	T081	C0021149
27508301	1797	1800	IFG	T033	C1272092
27508301	1803	1805	DM	T047	C0011849
27508301	1810	1820	overweight	T184	C0497406
27508301	1823	1830	obesity	T047	C0028754
27508301	1836	1843	similar	T080	C2348205
27508301	1850	1861	higher than	T080	C0205250
27508301	1867	1872	found	T033	C0150312
27508301	1876	1887	high income	T033	C0948433
27508301	1888	1897	countries	T083	C0454664
27508301	1903	1928	cardiometabolic disorders	T047	C0025517
27508301	1929	1937	affected	T169	C0392760
27508301	1962	1972	initiating	T169	C1704686
27508301	1973	1976	ART	T061	C1963724
27508301	1978	1989	Care models	T170	C0596657
27508301	2004	2023	cardiovascular risk	T047	C0850624
27508301	2024	2033	reduction	T061	C0441610
27508301	2039	2042	HIV	T047	C0019693
27508301	2043	2061	treatment programs	T058	C0679841
27508301	2066	2072	needed	T080	C0027552
27508301	2076	2083	prevent	T169	C1292733
27508301	2084	2087	CVD	T047	C0007222
27508301	2090	2100	associated	T080	C0332281
27508301	2101	2110	mortality	T081	C0205848
27508301	2119	2140	vulnerable population	T098	C0949366

27508328|t|Laparoscopic Approach for Thermoablation Microwave in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Single Center Experience
27508328|a|The surgical therapy of choice for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is liver transplantation (LT) or hepatic resection, although only a small percentage of patients can undergo these procedures. Microwave thermal ablation (MWTA) can be an effective alternative treatment for HCC that complicates a cirrhotic liver disease, either as a final procedure or for downstaging patients on the waiting list for LT, or in combination with resective surgery to achieve oncological radicality. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate experience with the laparoscopic approach of MWTA at our center. In a cohort of 35 consecutive patients undergoing MWTA with laparoscopic approach between January, 2013 and May, 2016, we reviewed the demographic data, the Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage, the severity of cirrhotic liver disease, the size of the ablated lesion, the duration of the procedure, and complications occurring within 90 days of surgery. MWTA was performed by applying one to three hepatic parenchymal insertions (mean 1.8) per patient. The mean duration of surgery was 163 ± 18 minutes. There was no blood loss in any of the procedures. Complete necrosis on CT scan was achieved in 26/35 patients (75%). The mean hospital stay was 4.6 (range 2-7) days; major complications were postablation syndrome in 2/35 (5.7%), peritoneal fluid in 4/35 (11.4%), and transient jaundice in 1/35 (2.8%) patients. There was no mortality. Laparoscopic MWTA is a safe and effective treatment for unresectable HCC and when a percutaneous procedure is not feasible.
27508328	0	21	Laparoscopic Approach	T060	C0031150
27508328	26	50	Thermoablation Microwave	T061	C3854551
27508328	58	67	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27508328	71	95	Hepatocellular Carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27508328	113	123	Experience	T041	C0596545
27508328	128	144	surgical therapy	T061	C0543467
27508328	159	183	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27508328	185	188	HCC	T191	C2239176
27508328	193	214	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911
27508328	216	218	LT	T061	C0023911
27508328	223	240	hepatic resection	T061	C0400440
27508328	258	263	small	T081	C0700321
27508328	264	274	percentage	T081	C0439165
27508328	278	286	patients	T101	C0030705
27508328	305	315	procedures	T169	C2700391
27508328	317	343	Microwave thermal ablation	T061	C3854551
27508328	345	349	MWTA	T061	C3854551
27508328	361	370	effective	T080	C1280519
27508328	371	382	alternative	T077	C1523987
27508328	383	392	treatment	T061	C0087111
27508328	397	400	HCC	T191	C2239176
27508328	406	417	complicates	T169	C0231242
27508328	420	443	cirrhotic liver disease	T047	C0023890
27508328	457	462	final	T079	C3853528
27508328	463	472	procedure	T169	C2700391
27508328	480	491	downstaging	T060	C0430022
27508328	492	500	patients	T101	C0030705
27508328	525	527	LT	T061	C0023911
27508328	535	546	combination	T080	C0205195
27508328	552	561	resective	T061	C0015252
27508328	562	569	surgery	T061	C0543467
27508328	581	592	oncological	T191	C0027651
27508328	593	603	radicality	T080	C0439807
27508328	625	644	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27508328	652	660	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27508328	661	671	experience	T041	C0596545
27508328	681	702	laparoscopic approach	T060	C0031150
27508328	706	710	MWTA	T061	C3854551
27508328	731	737	cohort	T098	C0599755
27508328	744	755	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27508328	756	764	patients	T101	C0030705
27508328	776	780	MWTA	T061	C3854551
27508328	786	807	laparoscopic approach	T060	C0031150
27508328	861	877	demographic data	T062	C0011289
27508328	883	918	Barcelona clinic liver cancer stage	T185	C3899974
27508328	924	932	severity	T080	C0439793
27508328	936	959	cirrhotic liver disease	T047	C0023890
27508328	965	969	size	T082	C0456389
27508328	977	984	ablated	T061	C0547070
27508328	985	991	lesion	T033	C0221198
27508328	997	1005	duration	T079	C0449238
27508328	1013	1022	procedure	T169	C2700391
27508328	1028	1041	complications	T169	C0231242
27508328	1062	1066	days	T079	C0439228
27508328	1070	1077	surgery	T061	C0543467
27508328	1079	1083	MWTA	T061	C3854551
27508328	1123	1130	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27508328	1131	1142	parenchymal	T024	C4277702
27508328	1143	1153	insertions	T058	C0441587
27508328	1155	1159	mean	T081	C0444504
27508328	1169	1176	patient	T101	C0030705
27508328	1182	1186	mean	T081	C0444504
27508328	1187	1195	duration	T079	C0449238
27508328	1199	1206	surgery	T061	C0543467
27508328	1220	1227	minutes	T079	C0439232
27508328	1242	1252	blood loss	T033	C3163616
27508328	1267	1277	procedures	T169	C2700391
27508328	1288	1296	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27508328	1300	1307	CT scan	T060	C0040405
27508328	1330	1338	patients	T101	C0030705
27508328	1350	1354	mean	T081	C0444504
27508328	1355	1368	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
27508328	1389	1393	days	T079	C0439228
27508328	1401	1414	complications	T169	C0231242
27508328	1420	1432	postablation	T079	C1292448
27508328	1433	1441	syndrome	T047	C0039082
27508328	1458	1474	peritoneal fluid	T031	C0003964
27508328	1496	1505	transient	T079	C0205374
27508328	1506	1514	jaundice	T047	C0022354
27508328	1530	1538	patients	T101	C0030705
27508328	1550	1562	no mortality	T033	C0243095
27508328	1564	1576	Laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
27508328	1577	1581	MWTA	T061	C3854551
27508328	1596	1605	effective	T080	C1280519
27508328	1606	1615	treatment	T061	C0087111
27508328	1620	1632	unresectable	T201	C1519810
27508328	1633	1636	HCC	T191	C2239176
27508328	1648	1660	percutaneous	T082	C0522523
27508328	1661	1670	procedure	T169	C2700391

27508384|t|Integration of Serum Protein Biomarker and Tumor Associated Autoantibody Expression Data Increases the Ability of a Blood-Based Proteomic Assay to Identify Breast Cancer
27508384|a|Despite significant advances in breast imaging, the ability to accurately detect Breast Cancer (BC) remains a challenge. With the discovery of key biomarkers and protein signatures for BC, proteomic technologies are currently poised to serve as an ideal diagnostic adjunct to imaging. Research studies have shown that breast tumors are associated with systemic changes in levels of both serum protein biomarkers (SPB) and tumor associated autoantibodies (TAAb). However, the independent contribution of SPB and TAAb expression data for identifying BC relative to a combinatorial SPB and TAAb approach has not been fully investigated. This study evaluates these contributions using a retrospective cohort of pre - biopsy serum samples with known clinical outcomes collected from a single site, thus minimizing potential site-to-site variation and enabling direct assessment of SPB and TAAb contributions to identify BC. All serum samples (n = 210) were collected prior to biopsy. These specimens were obtained from 18 participants with no evidence of breast disease (ND), 92 participants diagnosed with Benign Breast Disease (BBD) and 100 participants diagnosed with BC, including DCIS. All BBD and BC diagnoses were based on pathology results from biopsy. Statistical models were developed to differentiate BC from non-BC (i.e., BBD and ND) using expression data from SPB alone, TAAb alone, and a combination of SPB and TAAb. When SPB data was independently used for modeling, clinical sensitivity and specificity for detection of BC were 74.7% and 77.0%, respectively. When TAAb data was independently used, clinical sensitivity and specificity for detection of BC were 72.2% and 70.8%, respectively. When modeling integrated data from both SPB and TAAb, the clinical sensitivity and specificity for detection of BC improved to 81.0% and 78.8%, respectively. These data demonstrate the benefit of the integration of SPB and TAAb data and strongly support the further development of combinatorial proteomic approaches for detecting BC.
27508384	0	11	Integration	T066	C1705422
27508384	15	28	Serum Protein	T116,T123	C0036825
27508384	29	38	Biomarker	T201	C0005516
27508384	43	48	Tumor	T191	C0027651
27508384	60	72	Autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	73	83	Expression	T045	C1171362
27508384	84	88	Data	T078	C1511726
27508384	116	143	Blood-Based Proteomic Assay	T059	C1510438
27508384	156	169	Breast Cancer	T191	C0006142
27508384	202	216	breast imaging	T060	C1134632
27508384	244	250	detect	T033	C0442726
27508384	251	264	Breast Cancer	T191	C0006142
27508384	266	268	BC	T191	C0006142
27508384	313	327	key biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27508384	332	350	protein signatures	T034	C3463810
27508384	355	357	BC	T191	C0006142
27508384	359	368	proteomic	T059	C1327760
27508384	369	381	technologies	T090	C0039421
27508384	424	442	diagnostic adjunct	T058	C3161326
27508384	446	453	imaging	T060	C0011923
27508384	455	471	Research studies	T062	C0681814
27508384	488	501	breast tumors	T191	C0006142
27508384	506	521	associated with	T080	C0332281
27508384	522	530	systemic	T169	C0205373
27508384	531	538	changes	T169	C0392747
27508384	542	548	levels	T080	C0441889
27508384	557	581	serum protein biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27508384	583	586	SPB	T201	C0005516
27508384	592	623	tumor associated autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	625	629	TAAb	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	657	669	contribution	T052	C1880177
27508384	673	676	SPB	T201	C0005516
27508384	681	685	TAAb	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	686	696	expression	T045	C1171362
27508384	697	701	data	T078	C1511726
27508384	718	720	BC	T191	C0006142
27508384	735	748	combinatorial	T080	C0205195
27508384	749	752	SPB	T201	C0005516
27508384	757	761	TAAb	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	790	802	investigated	T169	C1292732
27508384	809	814	study	T062	C2603343
27508384	815	824	evaluates	T058	C0220825
27508384	831	844	contributions	T052	C1880177
27508384	853	873	retrospective cohort	T062	C2985505
27508384	877	880	pre	T079	C0332152
27508384	883	889	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27508384	890	903	serum samples	T031	C1550100
27508384	915	932	clinical outcomes	T034	C0456984
27508384	957	961	site	T029	C1515974
27508384	968	978	minimizing	T080	C0392756
27508384	989	1001	site-to-site	T082	C1254362
27508384	1002	1011	variation	T033	C1846356
27508384	1032	1042	assessment	T052	C1516048
27508384	1046	1049	SPB	T201	C0005516
27508384	1054	1058	TAAb	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	1059	1072	contributions	T052	C1880177
27508384	1085	1087	BC	T191	C0006142
27508384	1093	1106	serum samples	T031	C1550100
27508384	1132	1140	prior to	T079	C0332152
27508384	1141	1147	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27508384	1155	1164	specimens	T167	C0370003
27508384	1187	1199	participants	T098	C0679646
27508384	1205	1234	no evidence of breast disease	T033	C1276755
27508384	1236	1238	ND	T033	C1276755
27508384	1244	1256	participants	T098	C0679646
27508384	1257	1266	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27508384	1272	1293	Benign Breast Disease	T047	C0016034
27508384	1295	1298	BBD	T047	C0016034
27508384	1308	1320	participants	T098	C0679646
27508384	1321	1330	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27508384	1336	1338	BC	T191	C0006142
27508384	1350	1354	DCIS	T191	C0007124
27508384	1360	1363	BBD	T047	C0016034
27508384	1368	1370	BC	T191	C0006142
27508384	1371	1380	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27508384	1395	1404	pathology	T091	C0030664
27508384	1405	1412	results	T169	C1274040
27508384	1418	1424	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27508384	1426	1444	Statistical models	T081,T170	C0026348
27508384	1477	1479	BC	T191	C0006142
27508384	1499	1502	BBD	T047	C0016034
27508384	1507	1509	ND	T033	C1276755
27508384	1517	1527	expression	T045	C1171362
27508384	1528	1532	data	T078	C1511726
27508384	1538	1541	SPB	T201	C0005516
27508384	1549	1553	TAAb	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	1567	1578	combination	T080	C0205195
27508384	1582	1585	SPB	T201	C0005516
27508384	1590	1594	TAAb	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	1601	1604	SPB	T201	C0005516
27508384	1605	1609	data	T078	C1511726
27508384	1637	1645	modeling	T062	C0870071
27508384	1647	1667	clinical sensitivity	T062	C1516631
27508384	1672	1683	specificity	T081	C0037791
27508384	1701	1703	BC	T191	C0006142
27508384	1745	1749	TAAb	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	1750	1754	data	T078	C1511726
27508384	1779	1799	clinical sensitivity	T062	C1516631
27508384	1804	1815	specificity	T081	C0037791
27508384	1820	1829	detection	T033	C0442726
27508384	1833	1835	BC	T191	C0006142
27508384	1877	1885	modeling	T062	C0870071
27508384	1886	1901	integrated data	T078	C1511726
27508384	1912	1915	SPB	T201	C0005516
27508384	1920	1924	TAAb	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	1930	1950	clinical sensitivity	T062	C1516631
27508384	1955	1966	specificity	T081	C0037791
27508384	1984	1986	BC	T191	C0006142
27508384	2036	2040	data	T078	C1511726
27508384	2072	2083	integration	T066	C1705422
27508384	2087	2090	SPB	T201	C0005516
27508384	2095	2099	TAAb	T116,T129	C0004358
27508384	2100	2104	data	T078	C1511726
27508384	2202	2204	BC	T191	C0006142

27508468|t|Nursing care through the perception of hospitalized children
27508468|a|to describe the perception of hospitalized children of school age, on nursing care and understand what are, from their perspective, the best ways to address it to when performing such care. qualitative, descriptive, exploratory research, with concepts of Vygotsky used as theoretical framework. The data collection occurred through interviews mediated by drawings and was performed with ten school children, with the interview later transcribed and submitted to a thematic analysis. showed the importance of playing during hospitalization, of a friendly and caring approach and providing explanations regarding the performed procedures. nursing professionals need to consider how the children would like to receive the care being provided, so that their singularities are respected, characterizing nursing actions according to a perspective of the whole human being.
27508468	0	12	Nursing care	T061	C0028678
27508468	25	35	perception	T041	C0030971
27508468	39	60	hospitalized children	T101	C0008098
27508468	77	87	perception	T041	C0030971
27508468	91	112	hospitalized children	T101	C0008098
27508468	116	126	school age	T100	C2827631
27508468	131	143	nursing care	T061	C0028678
27508468	180	191	perspective	T041	C0004271
27508468	245	249	care	T061	C0028678
27508468	251	262	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27508468	264	275	descriptive	T170	C0678257
27508468	277	297	exploratory research	T062	C0035168
27508468	304	312	concepts	T078	C0178566
27508468	316	324	Vygotsky	T016	C0237951
27508468	333	354	theoretical framework	T062,T170	C0039778
27508468	360	375	data collection	T062	C0010995
27508468	393	403	interviews	T058	C0683518
27508468	433	442	performed	T169	C0884358
27508468	452	467	school children	T100	C0260267
27508468	478	487	interview	T058	C0683518
27508468	525	542	thematic analysis	T062	C0936012
27508468	569	576	playing	T056	C0032214
27508468	584	599	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27508468	649	661	explanations	T170	C0681841
27508468	676	685	performed	T169	C0884358
27508468	686	696	procedures	T061	C0184661
27508468	698	719	nursing professionals	T097	C0018724
27508468	745	753	children	T100	C0008059
27508468	780	784	care	T061	C0028678
27508468	815	828	singularities	T054	C0021228
27508468	859	874	nursing actions	T061	C0028678
27508468	890	901	perspective	T041	C0004271
27508468	915	926	human being	T016	C0086418

27508512|t|A Systematic Review on Infliximab and Adalimumab Drug Monitoring: Levels, Clinical Outcomes and Assays
27508512|a|Immunogenicity to therapeutic proteins has been linked to loss of response by a large percentage of patients taking anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents. Drug monitoring can be extremely useful, allowing physicians to adjust the therapeutic scheme individually. This article aims to systematically review the published data with respect to cutoff levels of infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA) and relate them to the methodology adopted for quantification of IFX and ADA levels and clinical outcomes. The PubMed database was searched to identify studies focusing on the association between IFX or ADA cutoff levels and clinical outcomes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Of the 1654 articles initially selected by queries, 20 were included. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to identify cutoff levels of IFX or ADA that correlated with a clinical outcome, but only 6 studies performed the same analysis for antidrug antibody levels. Cutoff levels were different between studies. The methodology chosen for level quantifications, clinical outcomes, and sample size and characteristics were also different. Nevertheless, measurement of drug levels should be performed during maintenance, and with loss of response, with persistent high levels of C-reactive protein, and when mucosal lesions are still present. In these scenarios, drug and antidrug levels were correlated with clinical outcomes. Concerning drug levels monitoring any methodology is adequate. With respect to antidrug antibody levels, it will be necessary to define a gold standard method or to establish different cutoff levels for different methodologies.
27508512	2	19	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
27508512	23	33	Infliximab	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27508512	38	48	Adalimumab	T116,T121,T129	C1122087
27508512	49	64	Drug Monitoring	T058	C0085421
27508512	66	72	Levels	T080	C0441889
27508512	74	91	Clinical Outcomes	T033	C2985631
27508512	96	102	Assays	T059	C1510438
27508512	103	117	Immunogenicity	T062	C4054739
27508512	121	141	therapeutic proteins	T121	C0872285
27508512	161	165	loss	T081	C1517945
27508512	169	177	response	T032	C0871261
27508512	183	188	large	T081	C0549177
27508512	189	199	percentage	T078	C1549488
27508512	203	211	patients	T101	C0030705
27508512	219	258	anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha agents	T121	C1562242
27508512	260	275	Drug monitoring	T058	C0085421
27508512	283	292	extremely	T080	C0205403
27508512	293	299	useful	T080	C3827682
27508512	310	320	physicians	T097	C0031831
27508512	324	330	adjust	T169	C0456081
27508512	335	346	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27508512	347	353	scheme	T170	C1519193
27508512	354	366	individually	T098	C0237401
27508512	373	380	article	T170	C1706852
27508512	381	385	aims	T078	C1947946
27508512	389	410	systematically review	T170	C1955832
27508512	415	429	published data	T170	C0993637
27508512	435	442	respect	T080	C0205345
27508512	446	459	cutoff levels	T169	C1442160
27508512	463	473	infliximab	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27508512	475	478	IFX	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27508512	484	494	adalimumab	T116,T121,T129	C1122087
27508512	496	499	ADA	T116,T121,T129	C1122087
27508512	524	535	methodology	T078	C3266812
27508512	536	543	adopted	T080	C1272684
27508512	548	562	quantification	T081	C1709793
27508512	566	569	IFX	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27508512	574	577	ADA	T116,T121,T129	C1122087
27508512	578	584	levels	T080	C0441889
27508512	589	606	clinical outcomes	T033	C2985631
27508512	612	627	PubMed database	T170	C1138432
27508512	632	640	searched	T052	C1706202
27508512	644	652	identify	T041	C0020792
27508512	653	660	studies	T062	C2603343
27508512	661	669	focusing	T169	C1285542
27508512	677	688	association	T080	C0439849
27508512	689	696	between	T082	C0205103
27508512	697	700	IFX	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27508512	704	707	ADA	T116,T121,T129	C1122087
27508512	708	721	cutoff levels	T169	C1442160
27508512	726	743	clinical outcomes	T033	C2985631
27508512	747	755	patients	T101	C0030705
27508512	761	787	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
27508512	801	809	articles	T170	C1706852
27508512	810	819	initially	T079	C0205265
27508512	820	828	selected	T052	C1707391
27508512	832	839	queries	T170	C1522634
27508512	849	857	included	T169	C0332257
27508512	861	900	receiver operating characteristic curve	T081	C0035787
27508512	901	909	analysis	T062	C0936012
27508512	914	923	performed	T169	C0884358
27508512	927	935	identify	T041	C0020792
27508512	936	949	cutoff levels	T169	C1442160
27508512	953	956	IFX	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27508512	960	963	ADA	T116,T121,T129	C1122087
27508512	969	979	correlated	T080	C1707520
27508512	987	1003	clinical outcome	T033	C2985631
27508512	1016	1023	studies	T062	C2603343
27508512	1024	1033	performed	T169	C0884358
27508512	1038	1042	same	T080	C0445247
27508512	1043	1051	analysis	T062	C0936012
27508512	1056	1073	antidrug antibody	T116,T129	C3811629
27508512	1074	1080	levels	T080	C0441889
27508512	1082	1095	Cutoff levels	T169	C1442160
27508512	1101	1110	different	T080	C1705242
27508512	1111	1118	between	T082	C0205103
27508512	1119	1126	studies	T062	C2603343
27508512	1132	1143	methodology	T078	C3266812
27508512	1144	1150	chosen	T052	C1707391
27508512	1155	1160	level	T080	C0441889
27508512	1161	1176	quantifications	T081	C1709793
27508512	1178	1195	clinical outcomes	T033	C2985631
27508512	1201	1212	sample size	T081	C0242618
27508512	1217	1232	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27508512	1243	1252	different	T080	C1705242
27508512	1268	1294	measurement of drug levels	T059	C1261153
27508512	1305	1314	performed	T169	C0884358
27508512	1322	1333	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27508512	1344	1348	loss	T081	C1517945
27508512	1352	1360	response	T032	C0871261
27508512	1367	1377	persistent	T079	C0205322
27508512	1383	1389	levels	T080	C0441889
27508512	1393	1411	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
27508512	1422	1429	mucosal	T024	C0026724
27508512	1430	1437	lesions	T033	C0221198
27508512	1448	1455	present	T033	C0150312
27508512	1466	1475	scenarios	T169	C0683579
27508512	1477	1481	drug	T121	C0013227
27508512	1486	1494	antidrug	T123	C0005515
27508512	1495	1501	levels	T080	C0441889
27508512	1507	1517	correlated	T080	C1707520
27508512	1523	1540	clinical outcomes	T033	C2985631
27508512	1553	1557	drug	T121	C0013227
27508512	1558	1564	levels	T080	C0441889
27508512	1565	1575	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27508512	1580	1591	methodology	T078	C3266812
27508512	1595	1603	adequate	T080	C0205411
27508512	1610	1620	respect to	T080	C0205345
27508512	1621	1638	antidrug antibody	T116,T129	C3811629
27508512	1639	1645	levels	T080	C0441889
27508512	1658	1667	necessary	T080	C3898777
27508512	1680	1693	gold standard	T080	C0150110
27508512	1694	1700	method	T170	C0025663
27508512	1707	1716	establish	T080	C0443211
27508512	1717	1726	different	T080	C1705242
27508512	1727	1740	cutoff levels	T169	C1442160
27508512	1745	1754	different	T080	C1705242
27508512	1755	1768	methodologies	T078	C3266812

27509301|t|Prediction of Estrogenic Bioactivity of Environmental Chemical Metabolites
27509301|a|The US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) is using in vitro data generated from ToxCast / Tox21 high-throughput screening assays to assess the endocrine activity of environmental chemicals. Considering that in vitro assays may have limited metabolic capacity, inactive chemicals that are biotransformed into metabolites with endocrine bioactivity may be missed for further screening and testing. Therefore, there is a value in developing novel approaches to account for metabolism and endocrine activity of both parent chemicals and their associated metabolites. We used commercially available software to predict metabolites of 50 parent compounds, out of which 38 chemicals are known to have estrogenic metabolites, and 12 compounds and their metabolites are negative for estrogenic activity. Three ER QSAR models were used to determine potential estrogen bioactivity of the parent compounds and predicted metabolites, the outputs of the models were averaged, and the chemicals were then ranked based on the total estrogenicity of the parent chemical and metabolites. The metabolite prediction software correctly identified known estrogenic metabolites for 26 out of 27 parent chemicals with associated metabolite data, and 39 out of 46 estrogenic metabolites were predicted as potential biotransformation products derived from the parent chemical. The QSAR models estimated stronger estrogenic activity for the majority of the known estrogenic metabolites compared to their parent chemicals. Finally, the three models identified a similar set of parent compounds as top ranked chemicals based on the estrogenicity of putative metabolites. This proposed in silico approach is an inexpensive and rapid strategy for the detection of chemicals with estrogenic metabolites and may reduce potential false negative results from in vitro assays.
27509301	0	10	Prediction	T078	C0681842
27509301	14	24	Estrogenic	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27509301	25	36	Bioactivity	T052	C0441655
27509301	40	62	Environmental Chemical	T103	C0220806
27509301	63	74	Metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	79	115	US Environmental Protection Agency's	T092	C0041712
27509301	117	120	EPA	T092	C0041712
27509301	122	159	Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program	T058	C1254363
27509301	161	165	EDSP	T058	C1254363
27509301	176	189	in vitro data	T078	C1511726
27509301	205	212	ToxCast	T170	C0282574
27509301	215	220	Tox21	T170	C0282574
27509301	221	253	high-throughput screening assays	T059	C2718002
27509301	268	277	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27509301	278	286	activity	T052	C0441655
27509301	290	313	environmental chemicals	T103	C0220806
27509301	332	347	in vitro assays	T059,T062	C3850137
27509301	365	383	metabolic capacity	T169	C0025520
27509301	385	403	inactive chemicals	T103	C0220806
27509301	413	427	biotransformed	T040	C0005576
27509301	433	444	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	450	459	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27509301	460	471	bioactivity	T052	C0441655
27509301	498	507	screening	T169	C1305399
27509301	512	519	testing	T169	C0039593
27509301	595	605	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27509301	610	619	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27509301	620	628	activity	T052	C0441655
27509301	637	653	parent chemicals	T103	C0220806
27509301	675	686	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	719	727	software	T073,T170	C0037585
27509301	739	750	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	757	773	parent compounds	T103	C1706082
27509301	791	800	chemicals	T103	C0220806
27509301	819	829	estrogenic	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27509301	830	841	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	850	859	compounds	T103	C1706082
27509301	870	881	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	899	909	estrogenic	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27509301	910	918	activity	T052	C0441655
27509301	926	928	ER	T116,T192	C0034804
27509301	929	933	QSAR	T081	C0887819
27509301	934	940	models	T170	C3161035
27509301	974	982	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27509301	983	994	bioactivity	T052	C0441655
27509301	1002	1018	parent compounds	T103	C1706082
27509301	1033	1044	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	1065	1071	models	T170	C3161035
27509301	1095	1104	chemicals	T103	C0220806
27509301	1141	1154	estrogenicity	T169	C0205245
27509301	1162	1177	parent chemical	T103	C0220806
27509301	1182	1193	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	1199	1229	metabolite prediction software	T073,T170	C0037585
27509301	1257	1267	estrogenic	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27509301	1268	1279	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	1297	1313	parent chemicals	T103	C0220806
27509301	1330	1340	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27509301	1364	1374	estrogenic	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27509301	1375	1386	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	1415	1432	biotransformation	T040	C0005576
27509301	1433	1441	products	T121,T123	C0005522
27509301	1459	1474	parent chemical	T103	C0220806
27509301	1480	1484	QSAR	T081	C0887819
27509301	1485	1491	models	T170	C3161035
27509301	1511	1521	estrogenic	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27509301	1522	1530	activity	T052	C0441655
27509301	1561	1571	estrogenic	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27509301	1572	1583	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	1602	1618	parent chemicals	T103	C0220806
27509301	1639	1645	models	T170	C3161035
27509301	1674	1690	parent compounds	T103	C1706082
27509301	1705	1714	chemicals	T103	C0220806
27509301	1728	1741	estrogenicity	T169	C0205245
27509301	1754	1765	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	1781	1790	in silico	T066	C3489666
27509301	1845	1854	detection	T033	C0442726
27509301	1858	1867	chemicals	T103	C0220806
27509301	1873	1883	estrogenic	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27509301	1884	1895	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27509301	1921	1935	false negative	T034	C0205558
27509301	1949	1964	in vitro assays	T059,T062	C3850137

27510000|t|Effects of Application of Social Marketing Theory and the Health Belief Model in Promoting Cervical Cancer Screening among Targeted Women in Sisaket Province, Thailand
27510000|a|Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in Thailand, being ranked second only to breast cancer. Thai women have been reported to have a low rate of cervical cancer screening (27.7% of the 80% goal of WHO). We therefore aimed to apply the social marketing theory and health belief model in promoting cervical cancer screening in Kanthararom District, Sisaket Province. A total of 92 from 974 targeted women aged 3060 years were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group underwent application of social marketing theory and a health belief model program promoting cervical cancer screening while the control group received normal services. Two research tools were used: (1) application of social marketing theory and health belief model program and (2) questionnaire used to evaluate perceptions of cervical cancer. Descriptive and inferential statistics including paired sample ttest and independent ttest were used to analyze the data. After the program had been used, the mean score of perception of cervical cancer of experimental group was at a higher level (x=4.09; S.D. =0.30), than in the control group (x=3.82; S.D. =0.20) with statistical significance (p<0.001). This research demonstrated an appropriate communication process in behavioral modification to prevent cervical cancer. It can be recommended that this program featuring social marketing and the health belief model be used to promote cervical cancer screening in targeted women and it can be promoted as a guideline for other health services, especially in health promotion and disease prevention.
27510000	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27510000	11	22	Application	T169	C4048755
27510000	26	42	Social Marketing	T057	C0037424
27510000	43	49	Theory	T078	C0871935
27510000	58	77	Health Belief Model	T058	C3714363
27510000	81	90	Promoting	T052	C0033414
27510000	91	116	Cervical Cancer Screening	T061	C0281187
27510000	123	131	Targeted	T169	C1521840
27510000	132	137	Women	T098	C0043210
27510000	141	157	Sisaket Province	T083	C1514578
27510000	159	167	Thailand	T083	C0039725
27510000	168	183	Cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27510000	189	194	major	T080	C0205164
27510000	195	216	public health problem	T033	C0033213
27510000	220	228	Thailand	T083	C0039725
27510000	236	242	ranked	T170	C0699794
27510000	258	271	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27510000	273	277	Thai	T098	C0337910
27510000	278	283	women	T098	C0043210
27510000	294	302	reported	T058	C0700287
27510000	313	316	low	T080	C0205251
27510000	317	321	rate	T081	C1521828
27510000	325	350	cervical cancer screening	T061	C0281187
27510000	369	373	goal	T170	C0018017
27510000	377	380	WHO	T093	C0043237
27510000	396	401	aimed	T078	C1947946
27510000	405	410	apply	T169	C4048755
27510000	415	431	social marketing	T057	C0037424
27510000	432	438	theory	T078	C0871935
27510000	443	462	health belief model	T058	C3714363
27510000	466	475	promoting	T052	C0033414
27510000	476	501	cervical cancer screening	T061	C0281187
27510000	505	525	Kanthararom District	T083	C0017446
27510000	527	543	Sisaket Province	T083	C1514578
27510000	547	552	total	T080	C0439810
27510000	568	576	targeted	T169	C1521840
27510000	577	582	women	T098	C0043210
27510000	583	587	aged	T032	C0001779
27510000	593	598	years	T079	C0439234
27510000	604	612	randomly	T062	C0034656
27510000	613	620	divided	T169	C0332849
27510000	630	636	groups	T078	C0441833
27510000	642	660	experimental group	T098	C1257890
27510000	671	682	application	T169	C4048755
27510000	686	702	social marketing	T057	C0037424
27510000	703	709	theory	T078	C0871935
27510000	716	735	health belief model	T058	C3714363
27510000	736	743	program	T169	C3484370
27510000	744	753	promoting	T052	C0033414
27510000	754	779	cervical cancer screening	T061	C0281187
27510000	790	803	control group	T096	C0009932
27510000	804	812	received	T080	C1514756
27510000	813	828	normal services	T058	C1254363
27510000	834	848	research tools	T170	C1516602
27510000	864	875	application	T169	C4048755
27510000	879	895	social marketing	T057	C0037424
27510000	896	902	theory	T078	C0871935
27510000	907	926	health belief model	T058	C3714363
27510000	927	934	program	T169	C3484370
27510000	943	956	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27510000	965	973	evaluate	T052	C1516048
27510000	974	985	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27510000	989	1004	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27510000	1006	1017	Descriptive	T170	C0678257
27510000	1022	1044	inferential statistics	T081	C0002780
27510000	1045	1054	including	T169	C0332257
27510000	1055	1061	paired	T080	C1709450
27510000	1062	1074	sample ttest	T170	C0392366
27510000	1079	1090	independent	T169	C0332291
27510000	1091	1096	ttest	T170	C0392366
27510000	1110	1126	analyze the data	T057	C0010992
27510000	1138	1145	program	T169	C3484370
27510000	1165	1175	mean score	T033	C3533236
27510000	1179	1189	perception	T041	C0030971
27510000	1193	1208	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27510000	1212	1230	experimental group	T098	C1257890
27510000	1240	1246	higher	T080	C0205250
27510000	1247	1252	level	T080	C0441889
27510000	1262	1266	S.D.	T081	C0871420
27510000	1287	1300	control group	T096	C0009932
27510000	1310	1314	S.D.	T081	C0871420
27510000	1327	1351	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
27510000	1368	1376	research	T062	C0035168
27510000	1393	1404	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27510000	1405	1418	communication	T054	C0009452
27510000	1419	1426	process	T067	C1522240
27510000	1430	1440	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27510000	1441	1453	modification	T169	C0392747
27510000	1465	1480	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27510000	1492	1503	recommended	T078	C0034866
27510000	1514	1521	program	T169	C3484370
27510000	1522	1531	featuring	T080	C2348519
27510000	1532	1548	social marketing	T057	C0037424
27510000	1557	1576	health belief model	T058	C3714363
27510000	1588	1595	promote	T052	C0033414
27510000	1596	1621	cervical cancer screening	T061	C0281187
27510000	1625	1633	targeted	T169	C1521840
27510000	1634	1639	women	T098	C0043210
27510000	1654	1662	promoted	T052	C0033414
27510000	1668	1677	guideline	T170	C0162791
27510000	1688	1703	health services	T058	C0018747
27510000	1719	1735	health promotion	T058	C0018738
27510000	1740	1758	disease prevention	T061	C0679698

27510458|t|Visualization of the Intimal Flap in Intracranial Arterial Dissection Using High-Resolution 3T MRI
27510458|a|Presence of an intimal flap is a critical imaging finding in diagnosing intracranial artery dissection (ICAD). Recent reports showed that high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was better at identifying intimal flaps as compared with routine MRI techniques used in clinical settings. However, no current standardized sequence for high-resolution MRI without gadolinium enhancement produces images of satisfactory quality with clinically tolerable scanning times. This study evaluated a nonenhanced high-resolution fast spin echo (HR-FSE) MRI sequence for visualizing intimal flaps in patients with ICAD. Three patients with ICAD underwent plain MRI examination using a 2-dimensional T2-weighted FSE imaging sequence optimized for our 3T system (in-plane pixel size, .23 mm × .23 mm; slice thickness 3 mm with no interslice gap), as well as scanning with conventional modalities, including CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, and digital subtraction angiography. We assessed whether these imaging methods could visualize an intimal flap and/or double lumen sign in the participants and compared the results between HR-FSE and the other modalities. HR-FSE images clearly showed intimal flaps and double lumen signs in all 3 patients, whereas the conventional modalities identified a double lumen sign in only 2 of the 3 patients. The present method of optimized HR-FSE imaging with a 3T system improved visualization of intimal flaps and should thus be considered for assessing patients with suspected ICAD that cannot be definitively diagnosed by conventional imaging modalities.
27510458	0	13	Visualization	T060	C0011923
27510458	21	33	Intimal Flap	T023	C0038925
27510458	37	69	Intracranial Arterial Dissection	T190	C3665731
27510458	76	91	High-Resolution	T059	C1719039
27510458	92	98	3T MRI	T060	C0024485
27510458	99	107	Presence	T033	C0150312
27510458	114	126	intimal flap	T023	C0038925
27510458	132	140	critical	T080	C1511545
27510458	141	156	imaging finding	T034	C1287399
27510458	160	170	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
27510458	171	201	intracranial artery dissection	T190	C3665731
27510458	203	207	ICAD	T190	C3665731
27510458	217	224	reports	T170	C0684224
27510458	237	252	high-resolution	T059	C1719039
27510458	253	279	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27510458	281	284	MRI	T060	C0024485
27510458	290	296	better	T080	C0332272
27510458	312	325	intimal flaps	T023	C0038925
27510458	329	337	compared	T052	C1707455
27510458	351	365	MRI techniques	T060	C0024485
27510458	374	391	clinical settings	T082	C3176918
27510458	426	434	sequence	T169	C1519249
27510458	439	454	high-resolution	T059	C1719039
27510458	455	458	MRI	T060	C0024485
27510458	467	477	gadolinium	T130,T196	C0016911
27510458	478	489	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27510458	499	505	images	T078	C1551337
27510458	522	529	quality	T080	C0332306
27510458	556	564	scanning	T060	C0441633
27510458	565	570	times	T079	C0040223
27510458	583	592	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27510458	595	650	nonenhanced high-resolution fast spin echo (HR-FSE) MRI	T060	C0024485
27510458	651	659	sequence	T169	C1519249
27510458	676	689	intimal flaps	T023	C0038925
27510458	693	701	patients	T101	C0030705
27510458	707	711	ICAD	T190	C3665731
27510458	719	727	patients	T101	C0030705
27510458	733	737	ICAD	T190	C3665731
27510458	754	757	MRI	T060	C0024485
27510458	778	791	2-dimensional	T082	C1705052
27510458	792	815	T2-weighted FSE imaging	T060	C0011923
27510458	816	824	sequence	T169	C1519249
27510458	843	852	3T system	T169	C0449913
27510458	949	957	scanning	T060	C0441633
27510458	963	975	conventional	T080	C0439858
27510458	976	986	modalities	T078	C0695347
27510458	998	1012	CT angiography	T060	C1536105
27510458	1014	1044	magnetic resonance angiography	T060	C0243032
27510458	1050	1081	digital subtraction angiography	T060	C0002979
27510458	1086	1094	assessed	T052	C1516048
27510458	1109	1124	imaging methods	T169	C1275506
27510458	1144	1156	intimal flap	T023	C0038925
27510458	1164	1181	double lumen sign	T033	C0243095
27510458	1189	1201	participants	T098	C0679646
27510458	1206	1214	compared	T052	C1707455
27510458	1219	1226	results	T033	C0683954
27510458	1235	1241	HR-FSE	T060	C0024485
27510458	1256	1266	modalities	T078	C0695347
27510458	1268	1274	HR-FSE	T060	C0024485
27510458	1275	1281	images	T078	C1551337
27510458	1297	1310	intimal flaps	T023	C0038925
27510458	1315	1333	double lumen signs	T033	C0243095
27510458	1343	1351	patients	T101	C0030705
27510458	1365	1377	conventional	T080	C0439858
27510458	1378	1388	modalities	T078	C0695347
27510458	1389	1399	identified	T080	C0205396
27510458	1402	1419	double lumen sign	T033	C0243095
27510458	1439	1447	patients	T101	C0030705
27510458	1481	1495	HR-FSE imaging	T060	C0024485
27510458	1503	1512	3T system	T169	C0449913
27510458	1513	1521	improved	T033	C0184511
27510458	1522	1535	visualization	T060	C0011923
27510458	1539	1552	intimal flaps	T023	C0038925
27510458	1587	1596	assessing	T052	C1516048
27510458	1597	1605	patients	T101	C0030705
27510458	1611	1620	suspected	T078	C0750491
27510458	1621	1625	ICAD	T190	C3665731
27510458	1654	1663	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27510458	1667	1679	conventional	T080	C0439858
27510458	1680	1698	imaging modalities	T169	C1275506

27510556|t|Natural product derivative BIO promotes recovery after myocardial infarction via unique modulation of the cardiac microenvironment
27510556|a|The cardiac microenvironment includes cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and macrophages, which regulate remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI). Targeting this microenvironment is a novel therapeutic approach for MI. We found that the natural compound derivative, BIO ((2'Z,3'E)-6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime) modulated the cardiac microenvironment to exert a therapeutic effect on MI. Using a series of co-culture studies, BIO induced proliferation in cardiomyocytes and inhibited proliferation in cardiac fibroblasts. BIO produced multiple anti-fibrotic effects in cardiac fibroblasts. In macrophages, BIO inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors. Significantly, BIO modulated the molecular crosstalk between cardiac fibroblasts and differentiating macrophages to induce polarization to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. In the optically transparent zebrafish-based heart failure model, BIO induced cardiomyocyte proliferation and completely recovered survival rate. BIO is a known glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor, but these effects could not be recapitulated using the classical inhibitor, lithium chloride; indicating novel therapeutic effects of BIO. We identified the mechanism of BIO as differential modulation of p27 protein expression and potent induction of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10. In a rat MI model, BIO reduced fibrosis and improved cardiac performance. Histological analysis revealed modulation of the cardiac microenvironment by BIO, with increased presence of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Our results demonstrate that BIO produces unique effects in the cardiac microenvironment to promote recovery post-MI.
27510556	0	26	Natural product derivative	T123	C1566558
27510556	27	30	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	31	39	promotes	T052	C0033414
27510556	40	48	recovery	T040	C2004454
27510556	55	76	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27510556	81	87	unique	T080	C1710548
27510556	88	98	modulation	T082	C0443264
27510556	106	113	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27510556	114	130	microenvironment	T082	C4072789
27510556	135	142	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27510556	143	159	microenvironment	T082	C4072789
27510556	169	183	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27510556	185	196	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27510556	201	212	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27510556	220	228	regulate	T038	C1327622
27510556	229	239	remodeling	T046	C3658220
27510556	246	267	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27510556	269	271	MI	T047	C0027051
27510556	274	283	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27510556	289	305	microenvironment	T082	C4072789
27510556	311	316	novel	T080	C0205314
27510556	317	337	therapeutic approach	T061	C0087111
27510556	342	344	MI	T047	C0027051
27510556	364	391	natural compound derivative	T123	C1566558
27510556	393	396	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	397	434	((2'Z,3'E)-6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime)	T121	C1254351
27510556	435	444	modulated	T082	C0443264
27510556	449	456	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27510556	457	473	microenvironment	T082	C4072789
27510556	485	503	therapeutic effect	T201	C1527144
27510556	507	509	MI	T047	C0027051
27510556	529	547	co-culture studies	T059	C0282547
27510556	549	552	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	553	560	induced	T169	C0205263
27510556	561	574	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27510556	578	592	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27510556	597	606	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27510556	607	620	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27510556	624	631	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27510556	632	643	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27510556	645	648	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	658	666	multiple	T081	C0439064
27510556	667	688	anti-fibrotic effects	T033	C0243095
27510556	692	699	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27510556	700	711	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27510556	716	727	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27510556	729	732	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	733	742	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27510556	761	777	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27510556	778	785	factors	T169	C1521761
27510556	802	805	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	806	815	modulated	T082	C0443264
27510556	820	829	molecular	T080	C1521991
27510556	830	839	crosstalk	T044	C0010357
27510556	848	855	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27510556	856	867	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27510556	888	899	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27510556	903	909	induce	T169	C0205263
27510556	910	922	polarization	T043	C0007613
27510556	930	947	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27510556	948	950	M2	T025	C4086555
27510556	951	960	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27510556	969	1026	optically transparent zebrafish-based heart failure model	T170	C3161035
27510556	1028	1031	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	1032	1039	induced	T169	C0205263
27510556	1040	1053	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27510556	1054	1067	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27510556	1083	1092	recovered	T080	C0521108
27510556	1093	1106	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27510556	1108	1111	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	1123	1150	glycogen synthase kinase-3β	T116,T126	C0244988
27510556	1151	1160	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27510556	1172	1179	effects	T080	C1280500
27510556	1217	1236	classical inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27510556	1238	1254	lithium chloride	T121,T197	C0065088
27510556	1267	1272	novel	T080	C0205314
27510556	1273	1292	therapeutic effects	T201	C1527144
27510556	1296	1299	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	1319	1328	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27510556	1332	1335	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	1352	1362	modulation	T082	C0443264
27510556	1366	1369	p27	T116	C0598086
27510556	1370	1388	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27510556	1400	1409	induction	T169	C0205263
27510556	1413	1430	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27510556	1431	1445	interleukin-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27510556	1452	1464	rat MI model	T170	C0086272
27510556	1466	1469	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	1470	1477	reduced	T080	C0392756
27510556	1478	1486	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27510556	1491	1499	improved	T033	C0184511
27510556	1500	1507	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27510556	1508	1519	performance	T052	C1882330
27510556	1521	1533	Histological	T169	C0205462
27510556	1534	1542	analysis	T062	C0936012
27510556	1543	1551	revealed	T080	C0443289
27510556	1552	1562	modulation	T082	C0443264
27510556	1570	1577	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27510556	1578	1594	microenvironment	T082	C4072789
27510556	1598	1601	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	1608	1617	increased	T081	C0205217
27510556	1618	1626	presence	T033	C0150312
27510556	1630	1647	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27510556	1648	1662	M2 macrophages	T025	C4086555
27510556	1668	1675	results	T169	C1274040
27510556	1693	1696	BIO	T121	C1254351
27510556	1706	1712	unique	T080	C1710548
27510556	1713	1720	effects	T080	C1280500
27510556	1728	1735	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27510556	1736	1752	microenvironment	T082	C4072789
27510556	1756	1763	promote	T052	C0033414
27510556	1764	1772	recovery	T040	C2004454
27510556	1773	1780	post-MI	T079	C1254367

27510571|t|Structured Instruction With Modified Storybooks to Teach Morphosyntax and Vocabulary to Preschoolers Who are Deaf / Hard of Hearing
27510571|a|Children who are deaf / hard of hearing (D / HH) are at risk for diminished morphosyntactical and vocabulary development. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of repeated reading combined with structured instruction. Targets were a morphosyntactical form and novel vocabulary words. Participants were 3 preschoolers who are D / HH who were receiving instruction with an oral approach. Data from a multiple baseline design indicated that all children acquired the targeted skills and demonstrated high levels of generalization of these skills to untrained context. Implications for teaching young children who are D / HH using repeated storybook reading are discussed.
27510571	0	10	Structured	T082	C0678594
27510571	11	22	Instruction	T170	C1442085
27510571	28	36	Modified	T169	C0392747
27510571	37	47	Storybooks	UnknownType	C0814818
27510571	51	56	Teach	T065	C0039401
27510571	57	69	Morphosyntax	T090	C0023741
27510571	74	84	Vocabulary	T170	C0042926
27510571	88	100	Preschoolers	T100	C0008100
27510571	109	113	Deaf	T101	C3824904
27510571	116	131	Hard of Hearing	T101	C0525064
27510571	132	140	Children	T100	C0008059
27510571	149	153	deaf	T101	C3824904
27510571	156	171	hard of hearing	T101	C0525064
27510571	173	174	D	T101	C3824904
27510571	177	179	HH	T101	C0525064
27510571	185	192	at risk	T080	C1444641
27510571	197	207	diminished	T081	C0205216
27510571	208	225	morphosyntactical	T090	C0023741
27510571	230	240	vocabulary	T170	C0042926
27510571	241	252	development	T169	C1527148
27510571	299	309	effects of	T080	C1704420
27510571	310	318	repeated	T169	C0205341
27510571	319	326	reading	T056	C0034754
27510571	327	335	combined	T080	C0205195
27510571	341	351	structured	T082	C0678594
27510571	352	363	instruction	T170	C1442085
27510571	365	372	Targets	T169	C1521840
27510571	380	402	morphosyntactical form	T090	C0023741
27510571	413	429	vocabulary words	T170	C0042926
27510571	431	443	Participants	T098	C0679646
27510571	451	463	preschoolers	T100	C0008100
27510571	472	473	D	T101	C3824904
27510571	476	478	HH	T101	C0525064
27510571	488	497	receiving	T080	C1514756
27510571	498	509	instruction	T170	C1442085
27510571	518	522	oral	T082	C0442027
27510571	533	537	Data	T078	C1511726
27510571	545	553	multiple	T081	C0439064
27510571	554	569	baseline design	T062	C0282121
27510571	589	597	children	T100	C0008059
27510571	598	606	acquired	T052	C1706701
27510571	611	619	targeted	T169	C1521840
27510571	620	626	skills	T055	C0678856
27510571	659	673	generalization	T041	C0237635
27510571	683	689	skills	T055	C0678856
27510571	693	702	untrained	T033	C0243095
27510571	703	710	context	T078	C0449255
27510571	712	724	Implications	T080	C0205556
27510571	729	737	teaching	T065	C0039401
27510571	738	743	young	T079	C0332239
27510571	744	752	children	T100	C0008059
27510571	761	762	D	T101	C3824904
27510571	765	767	HH	T101	C0525064
27510571	768	773	using	T169	C1524063
27510571	774	782	repeated	T169	C0205341
27510571	783	792	storybook	UnknownType	C0814818
27510571	793	800	reading	T056	C0034754

27510784|t|Application of BRAF V600E mutation - specific immunohistochemistry in diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
27510784|a|To evaluate the utility of BRAF V600E allele - specific antibody in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). BRAF V600E mutation - specific immunohistochemistry and BRAF sequencing were performed in 24 consecutive GISTs, including 14 cases of KIT or PDGFRA mutations and 10 cases of KIT / PDGFRA wild GISTs. GISTs of 11 men and 13 women with a mean age 54 years(range 29-75 years) were included with tumors arising from stomach (16 cases), small bowel (7 cases), and peritoneal cavity (1 case). Strong and diffuse cytoplasmic BRAF staining was noted in 4 of 24 cases (17%), while 1 of 24 cases (4%) showed weak staining, and 19 of 24 cases (79%) had no staining. The four cases with strong BRAF immunostain were confirmed to have BRAF mutations, including 3 cases in the stomach and 1 case in the small intestine. All tumors showed spindle cell morphology. Only one case had progressive disease. No BRAF mutations were detected in cases with weak or negative BRAF immunostain. BRAF V600E mutation - specific immunohistochemistry is a highly sensitive and specific marker for detecting BRAF-mutated GISTs.
27510784	0	11	Application	T058	C0185125
27510784	15	25	BRAF V600E	T033	C3250916
27510784	26	34	mutation	T045	C0026882
27510784	37	45	specific	T080	C0205369
27510784	46	66	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27510784	70	79	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27510784	83	114	gastrointestinal stromal tumors	T191	C0238198
27510784	118	126	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27510784	142	152	BRAF V600E	T033	C3250916
27510784	153	159	allele	T028	C0002085
27510784	162	170	specific	T080	C0205369
27510784	171	179	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27510784	187	196	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27510784	200	231	gastrointestinal stromal tumors	T191	C0238198
27510784	233	238	GISTs	T191	C0238198
27510784	241	251	BRAF V600E	T033	C3250916
27510784	252	260	mutation	T045	C0026882
27510784	263	271	specific	T080	C0205369
27510784	272	292	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27510784	297	301	BRAF	T028	C0812241
27510784	302	312	sequencing	T169	C1561491
27510784	334	345	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27510784	346	351	GISTs	T191	C0238198
27510784	366	371	cases	T169	C0868928
27510784	375	378	KIT	T049	C1511353
27510784	382	398	PDGFRA mutations	T049	C1518782
27510784	406	411	cases	T169	C0868928
27510784	415	418	KIT	T028	C1416655
27510784	421	432	PDGFRA wild	T028	C1705319
27510784	433	438	GISTs	T191	C0238198
27510784	440	445	GISTs	T191	C0238198
27510784	452	455	men	T098	C0025266
27510784	463	468	women	T098	C0043210
27510784	476	480	mean	T081	C2347634
27510784	481	484	age	T032	C0001779
27510784	532	538	tumors	T191	C0027651
27510784	552	559	stomach	T023	C0038351
27510784	564	569	cases	T169	C0868928
27510784	572	583	small bowel	T023	C0021852
27510784	587	592	cases	T169	C0868928
27510784	599	616	peritoneal cavity	T030	C1704247
27510784	620	624	case	T169	C0868928
27510784	627	633	Strong	T080	C0442821
27510784	638	645	diffuse	T082	C0205219
27510784	646	657	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27510784	658	662	BRAF	T116,T123	C1259929
27510784	663	671	staining	T033	C1704680
27510784	676	681	noted	T080	C4288581
27510784	693	698	cases	T169	C0868928
27510784	720	725	cases	T169	C0868928
27510784	738	742	weak	T080	C1762617
27510784	743	751	staining	T033	C1704680
27510784	766	771	cases	T169	C0868928
27510784	782	784	no	T169	C0332197
27510784	785	793	staining	T033	C1704680
27510784	804	809	cases	T169	C0868928
27510784	815	821	strong	T080	C0442821
27510784	822	826	BRAF	T116,T123	C1259929
27510784	827	838	immunostain	T130	C0038128
27510784	844	853	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27510784	862	876	BRAF mutations	T049	C1511021
27510784	890	895	cases	T169	C0868928
27510784	903	910	stomach	T023	C0038351
27510784	917	921	case	T169	C0868928
27510784	929	944	small intestine	T023	C0021852
27510784	950	956	tumors	T191	C0027651
27510784	964	976	spindle cell	T025	C0682540
27510784	977	987	morphology	T080	C0332437
27510784	998	1002	case	T169	C0868928
27510784	1007	1026	progressive disease	T047	C1335499
27510784	1028	1030	No	T169	C0332197
27510784	1031	1045	BRAF mutations	T049	C1511021
27510784	1051	1059	detected	T033	C0442726
27510784	1063	1068	cases	T169	C0868928
27510784	1074	1078	weak	T080	C1762617
27510784	1082	1090	negative	T033	C0205160
27510784	1091	1095	BRAF	T116,T123	C1259929
27510784	1096	1107	immunostain	T130	C0038128
27510784	1109	1119	BRAF V600E	T033	C3250916
27510784	1120	1128	mutation	T045	C0026882
27510784	1131	1139	specific	T080	C0205369
27510784	1140	1160	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27510784	1166	1182	highly sensitive	T080	C0439822
27510784	1187	1195	specific	T080	C0205369
27510784	1196	1202	marker	T201	C0005516
27510784	1207	1216	detecting	T033	C0442726
27510784	1217	1229	BRAF-mutated	T049	C1511021
27510784	1230	1235	GISTs	T191	C0238198

27511214|t|Prevalence of otologic signs and symptoms in adult patients with temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
27511214|a|This study aims to estimate the prevalence of otologic signs and symptoms in adult patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Search strategies were developed for each of the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science, Proquest, LIVIVO, and Google Scholar and OpenGrey was used to assess the grey literatur e. It was included in this review only observational studies using either research diagnostic criteria (RDC)/ TMD or DC / TMD indexes were selected. The Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data from the Joanna Briggs Institute was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. A proportion random effects meta-analysis was conducted within the eight included studies. Eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected. All of the included studies used the RDC / TMD and report associated otologic signs and symptoms. The studies were clustered into groups based on prevalence for each individual sign or symptom. The most prevalent otologic symptom associated with TMD was ear fullness (74.8 % standard deviation (SD), 43.02 to 96.25 %; n = 50), followed by otalgia (55.1 % SD, 31.78 to 77.30; n = 386), tinnitus (52.1 % SD, 38.43 to 65.74; n = 1293), vertigo (40.8 % SD, 11.29 to 74.72; n = 374), and hearing loss (38.9 % SD, 2.83 to 85.46; n = 744). The prevalence of otologic signs and symptoms in adult patients with TMD is high. The most prevalent otologic symptom in patient adults with TMD is ear fullness. This study intends to provide understanding over the prevalence of otologic signs and symptoms in TMD cases in adults.
27511214	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27511214	14	22	otologic	T091	C0086746
27511214	23	41	signs and symptoms	T184	C0037088
27511214	45	50	adult	T100	C0001675
27511214	51	59	patients	T101	C0030705
27511214	65	92	temporomandibular disorders	T047	C0039494
27511214	96	113	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27511214	118	131	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27511214	137	142	study	T062	C2603343
27511214	151	159	estimate	T081	C0750572
27511214	164	174	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27511214	178	186	otologic	T091	C0086746
27511214	187	205	signs and symptoms	T184	C0037088
27511214	209	214	adult	T100	C0001675
27511214	215	223	patients	T101	C0030705
27511214	229	256	temporomandibular disorders	T047	C0039494
27511214	258	261	TMD	T047	C0039494
27511214	323	332	databases	T170	C0242356
27511214	334	340	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27511214	342	348	LILACS	T170	C0242356
27511214	350	356	Scopus	T170	C0242356
27511214	358	372	Web of Science	T170	C0242356
27511214	374	382	Proquest	T170	C0242356
27511214	384	390	LIVIVO	T170	C0242356
27511214	396	410	Google Scholar	T170	C0242356
27511214	415	423	OpenGrey	T170	C0242356
27511214	447	461	grey literatur	T170	C0023866
27511214	536	564	research diagnostic criteria	T185	C0871251
27511214	566	569	RDC	T185	C0871251
27511214	572	575	TMD	T047	C0039494
27511214	579	581	DC	T170	C0679228
27511214	584	587	TMD	T047	C0039494
27511214	588	595	indexes	T170	C0600653
27511214	615	681	Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data	T170	C0282574
27511214	691	714	Joanna Briggs Institute	T092	C0021622
27511214	738	742	risk	T078	C0035647
27511214	778	803	proportion random effects	T080	C1280500
27511214	804	817	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27511214	889	909	eligibility criteria	T080	C1516637
27511214	966	969	RDC	T185	C0871251
27511214	972	975	TMD	T047	C0039494
27511214	998	1006	otologic	T091	C0086746
27511214	1007	1025	signs and symptoms	T184	C0037088
27511214	1059	1065	groups	T078	C0441833
27511214	1075	1085	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27511214	1095	1105	individual	T098	C0237401
27511214	1106	1121	sign or symptom	T033	C3540840
27511214	1142	1150	otologic	T091	C0086746
27511214	1151	1158	symptom	T184	C1457887
27511214	1159	1174	associated with	T080	C0332281
27511214	1175	1178	TMD	T047	C0039494
27511214	1183	1195	ear fullness	UnknownType	C0239214
27511214	1204	1222	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27511214	1224	1226	SD	T081	C0871420
27511214	1268	1275	otalgia	T184	C0013456
27511214	1284	1286	SD	T081	C0871420
27511214	1314	1322	tinnitus	T033	C0040264
27511214	1331	1333	SD	T081	C0871420
27511214	1362	1369	vertigo	T184	C0042571
27511214	1378	1380	SD	T081	C0871420
27511214	1412	1424	hearing loss	T033	C3887873
27511214	1433	1435	SD	T081	C0871420
27511214	1466	1476	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27511214	1480	1488	otologic	T091	C0086746
27511214	1489	1507	signs and symptoms	T184	C0037088
27511214	1511	1516	adult	T100	C0001675
27511214	1517	1525	patients	T101	C0030705
27511214	1531	1534	TMD	T047	C0039494
27511214	1538	1542	high	T080	C0205250
27511214	1563	1571	otologic	T091	C0086746
27511214	1572	1579	symptom	T184	C1457887
27511214	1583	1590	patient	T101	C0030705
27511214	1591	1597	adults	T100	C0001675
27511214	1603	1606	TMD	T047	C0039494
27511214	1610	1622	ear fullness	UnknownType	C0239214
27511214	1629	1634	study	T062	C2603343
27511214	1677	1687	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27511214	1691	1699	otologic	T091	C0086746
27511214	1700	1718	signs and symptoms	T184	C0037088
27511214	1722	1725	TMD	T047	C0039494
27511214	1735	1741	adults	T100	C0001675

27511456|t|Quantification of intact plasma AGT consisting of oxidized and reduced conformations using a modified ELISA
27511456|a|The pleiotropic actions of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) depend on the availability of angiotensinogen (AGT) which generates angiotensin I (ANG I) when cleaved by renin. Thus, quantification of the intact AGT (iAGT) concentrations is important to evaluate the actual renin substrate available. The iAGT conformation exists as oxidized AGT (oxi-AGT) and reduced AGT (red-AGT) in a disulfide bond, and oxi-AGT has a higher affinity for renin, which may exacerbate RAS - associated diseases. Accordingly, we determined iAGT, oxi-AGT, and red-AGT levels in plasma from rats and mice. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and then immediately mixed with an inhibitor solution containing a renin inhibitor. Total AGT (tAGT) levels were measured by tAGT ELISA which detects both cleaved and iAGT. iAGT levels were determined by iAGT ELISA which was found to only detect red-AGT. Thus, it was necessary to treat samples with dithiothreitol, a reducing agent, to quantify total iAGT concentration. tAGT levels in rat and mouse plasma were 1,839 ± 139 and 1,082 ± 77 ng/ml, respectively. iAGT levels were 53% of tAGT in rat plasma but only 22% in mouse plasma, probably reflecting the greater plasma renin activity in mice. The ratios of oxi-AGT and red-AGT were ∼4:1 (rat) and 16:1 (mouse). Plasma iAGT consists of oxi-AGT and red-AGT, suggesting that oxidative stress can influence ANG I generation by the AGT conformation switch. Furthermore, the lower availability of plasma iAGT in mice suggests that it may serve as a limiting factor in ANG I formation in this species.
27511456	0	14	Quantification	T081	C1709793
27511456	18	24	intact	T080	C0205266
27511456	25	31	plasma	T031	C0032105
27511456	32	35	AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	63	84	reduced conformations	T082	C0033625
27511456	102	107	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27511456	112	131	pleiotropic actions	T052	C3266814
27511456	139	163	renin-angiotensin system	T022	C0035096
27511456	165	168	RAS	T022	C0035096
27511456	184	199	availability of	T169	C0470187
27511456	200	215	angiotensinogen	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	217	220	AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	228	237	generates	T052	C3146294
27511456	238	251	angiotensin I	T116,T123	C0003006
27511456	253	258	ANG I	T116,T123	C0003006
27511456	265	272	cleaved	T082	C0205242
27511456	276	281	renin	T116,T126	C0035094
27511456	289	303	quantification	T081	C1709793
27511456	311	317	intact	T080	C0205266
27511456	318	321	AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	323	327	iAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	329	343	concentrations	T081	C1264643
27511456	347	356	important	T080	C3898777
27511456	373	379	actual	T080	C0237400
27511456	380	395	renin substrate	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	396	405	available	T169	C0470187
27511456	411	415	iAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	416	428	conformation	T082	C0033625
27511456	439	451	oxidized AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	453	460	oxi-AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	466	477	reduced AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	479	486	red-AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	493	507	disulfide bond	T087	C1511997
27511456	513	520	oxi-AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	527	533	higher	T080	C0205250
27511456	534	542	affinity	T070	C1510827
27511456	547	552	renin	T116,T126	C0035094
27511456	575	578	RAS	T022	C0035096
27511456	581	600	associated diseases	T046	C0243083
27511456	618	628	determined	T080	C0521095
27511456	629	633	iAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	635	642	oxi-AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	648	655	red-AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	656	662	levels	T080	C0441889
27511456	666	672	plasma	T031	C0032105
27511456	678	682	rats	T015	C0034693
27511456	687	691	mice	T015	C0025929
27511456	693	706	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
27511456	712	720	obtained	T169	C1301820
27511456	724	740	cardiac puncture	T059	C0022885
27511456	750	761	immediately	T079	C0205253
27511456	762	767	mixed	T169	C0205430
27511456	776	785	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27511456	786	794	solution	T167	C0037633
27511456	795	805	containing	T169	C0332256
27511456	808	823	renin inhibitor	T121	C1960108
27511456	825	830	Total	T080	C0439810
27511456	831	834	AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	836	840	tAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	842	848	levels	T080	C0441889
27511456	854	862	measured	T080	C0444706
27511456	866	870	tAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	871	876	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27511456	883	890	detects	T033	C0442726
27511456	896	903	cleaved	T082	C0205242
27511456	908	912	iAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	914	918	iAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	919	925	levels	T080	C0441889
27511456	931	944	determined by	T080	C0521095
27511456	945	949	iAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	950	955	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27511456	980	986	detect	T033	C0442726
27511456	987	994	red-AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1028	1035	samples	T031	C0178913
27511456	1041	1055	dithiothreitol	T109,T121	C0012789
27511456	1059	1073	reducing agent	T130	C0376446
27511456	1078	1086	quantify	T081	C1709793
27511456	1087	1092	total	T080	C0439810
27511456	1093	1097	iAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1098	1111	concentration	T081	C1264643
27511456	1113	1117	tAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1118	1124	levels	T080	C0441889
27511456	1128	1131	rat	T015	C0034693
27511456	1136	1141	mouse	T015	C0025929
27511456	1142	1148	plasma	T031	C0032105
27511456	1202	1206	iAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1207	1213	levels	T080	C0441889
27511456	1226	1230	tAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1234	1237	rat	T015	C0034693
27511456	1238	1244	plasma	T031	C0032105
27511456	1261	1266	mouse	T015	C0025929
27511456	1267	1273	plasma	T031	C0032105
27511456	1299	1306	greater	T081	C1704243
27511456	1307	1313	plasma	T031	C0032105
27511456	1314	1319	renin	T116,T126	C0035094
27511456	1320	1328	activity	T044	C0243102
27511456	1332	1336	mice	T015	C0025929
27511456	1342	1348	ratios	T081	C0456603
27511456	1352	1359	oxi-AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1364	1371	red-AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1383	1386	rat	T015	C0034693
27511456	1398	1403	mouse	T015	C0025929
27511456	1406	1412	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27511456	1413	1417	iAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1430	1437	oxi-AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1442	1449	red-AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1451	1461	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27511456	1467	1483	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27511456	1488	1497	influence	T077	C4054723
27511456	1498	1503	ANG I	T116,T123	C0003006
27511456	1504	1514	generation	T052	C3146294
27511456	1522	1525	AGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1526	1538	conformation	T082	C0033625
27511456	1564	1569	lower	T052	C2003888
27511456	1570	1585	availability of	T169	C0470187
27511456	1586	1592	plasma	T031	C0032105
27511456	1593	1597	iAGT	T116,T123	C0003017
27511456	1601	1605	mice	T015	C0025929
27511456	1606	1614	suggests	T078	C1705535
27511456	1638	1646	limiting	T169	C0439801
27511456	1647	1653	factor	T169	C1521761
27511456	1657	1662	ANG I	T116,T123	C0003006
27511456	1663	1672	formation	T169	C1522492
27511456	1681	1688	species	T185	C1705920

27511525|t|Efficacy of pegylated liposomal etoposide nanoparticles on breast cancer cell lines
27511525|a|This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of pegylated liposomal etoposide nanoparticles (NPs) against T-47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Pegylated liposomal etoposide NPs were prepared by reverse phase evaporation method. The size, size distribution, and zeta potential of the NPs was measured by a Zetasizer instrument. The cytotoxicity of NPs was inspected by methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay. The release pattern of the drug from the vesicles was studied by the dialysis method. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were also measured. The mean size, size distribution, and zeta potential of pegylated liposomal etoposide NPs were 491 ± 15.5 nm, 0.504 ± 0.14, and -35.8 ± 2.5 mV, respectively. Drug loading and EE were 10.3 ± 1.6% and 99.1 ± 2.8%, respectively. The etoposide release in the formulation was estimated at about 3.48% after 48 h. The cytotoxicity effect of etoposide NPs on T-47D and MCF-7 cell lines of breast cancer showed higher antitumor activity as compared with those of the free drug. Liposome-based NPs may hold great potential as a drug delivery system.
27511525	12	55	pegylated liposomal etoposide nanoparticles	T109,T121	C0015133
27511525	59	83	breast cancer cell lines	T025	C1512505
27511525	120	131	efficacy of	T080	C1280519
27511525	132	175	pegylated liposomal etoposide nanoparticles	T109,T121	C0015133
27511525	190	195	T-47D	T050	C3897399
27511525	200	230	MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines	T025	C0596890
27511525	232	265	Pegylated liposomal etoposide NPs	T109,T121	C0015133
27511525	283	315	reverse phase evaporation method	T070	C0596539
27511525	321	325	size	T082	C0456389
27511525	327	344	size distribution	T082	C0037775
27511525	350	364	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
27511525	372	375	NPs	T109,T121	C0015133
27511525	394	414	Zetasizer instrument	T074	C0348000
27511525	420	432	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27511525	436	439	NPs	T109,T121	C0015133
27511525	457	489	methyl thiazol tetrazolium assay	T062	C2986858
27511525	495	540	release pattern of the drug from the vesicles	UnknownType	C0360812
27511525	560	575	dialysis method	T061	C3483167
27511525	577	589	Drug loading	UnknownType	C0678767
27511525	594	618	encapsulation efficiency	T067	C2348438
27511525	620	622	EE	T067	C2348438
27511525	648	657	mean size	T082	C0456389
27511525	659	676	size distribution	T082	C0037775
27511525	682	696	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
27511525	700	733	pegylated liposomal etoposide NPs	T109,T121	C0015133
27511525	802	814	Drug loading	UnknownType	C0678767
27511525	819	821	EE	T067	C2348438
27511525	874	910	etoposide release in the formulation	T073	C1707824
27511525	956	975	cytotoxicity effect	T049	C0596402
27511525	979	992	etoposide NPs	T109,T121	C0015133
27511525	996	1001	T-47D	T050	C3897399
27511525	1006	1039	MCF-7 cell lines of breast cancer	T025	C0596890
27511525	1054	1072	antitumor activity	T080	C2986475
27511525	1103	1112	free drug	T081	C0678752
27511525	1114	1132	Liposome-based NPs	T109,T121	C0015133
27511525	1163	1183	drug delivery system	T074	C0085104

27511629|t|The Bindex(®) ultrasound device: reliability of cortical bone thickness measures and their relationship to regional bone mineral density
27511629|a|The Bindex(®) quantitative ultrasound (QUS) device is currently available and this study analyzed (I) its relative and absolute intra- and inter-session reliability and (II) the relationship between the data provided by Bindex(®)-QUS and the bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at corresponding skeletal sites in young and healthy subjects (age: 25.0 ± 3.6 years). Bindex(®)-QUS calculates a density index on the basis of the thickness of cortical bone measured at the distal radius and the distal plus proximal tibia. The data show a very good relative and absolute intra- (ICC = 0.977, CV = 1.5%) and inter-session reliability (ICC = 0.978, CV = 1.4%) for the density index. The highest positive correlations were found between cortical thickness and BMD for the distal radius and distal tibia (r ⩾ 0.71, p < 0.001). The data indicate that the Bindex(®)-QUS parameters are repeatable within and between measurement sessions. Furthermore, the measurements reflect the BMD at specific skeletal sites. Bindex(®)-QUS might be a useful tool for the measurement of skeletal adaptations.
27511629	4	31	Bindex(®) ultrasound device	T074	C1875843
27511629	33	44	reliability	T081	C2347947
27511629	48	61	cortical bone	T023	C0222652
27511629	62	71	thickness	T080	C1280412
27511629	72	80	measures	T081	C0079809
27511629	91	103	relationship	T080	C0439849
27511629	107	115	regional	T082	C0205147
27511629	116	136	bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
27511629	141	187	Bindex(®) quantitative ultrasound (QUS) device	T074	C1875843
27511629	220	225	study	T062	C2603343
27511629	226	234	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27511629	243	251	relative	T080	C0205345
27511629	256	264	absolute	T080	C0205344
27511629	265	301	intra- and inter-session reliability	T081	C2347947
27511629	315	327	relationship	T080	C0439849
27511629	340	344	data	T078	C1511726
27511629	357	370	Bindex(®)-QUS	T074	C1875843
27511629	379	399	bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
27511629	401	404	BMD	T201	C0005938
27511629	406	414	measured	T080	C0444706
27511629	418	450	dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
27511629	468	482	skeletal sites	T082	C1282387
27511629	486	491	young	T098	C0080105
27511629	496	512	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27511629	514	517	age	T032	C0001779
27511629	530	535	years	T079	C1510829
27511629	538	551	Bindex(®)-QUS	T074	C1875843
27511629	552	562	calculates	T052	C1441506
27511629	565	578	density index	T201	C0005938
27511629	599	608	thickness	T080	C1280412
27511629	612	625	cortical bone	T023	C0222652
27511629	626	634	measured	T080	C0444706
27511629	642	655	distal radius	T023	C0588207
27511629	664	670	distal	T023	C0588200
27511629	676	690	proximal tibia	T023	C0588198
27511629	696	700	data	T078	C1511726
27511629	718	726	relative	T080	C0205345
27511629	731	739	absolute	T080	C0205344
27511629	740	746	intra-	T081	C2347947
27511629	748	751	ICC	T081	C0392762
27511629	761	763	CV	T081	C0681921
27511629	776	801	inter-session reliability	T081	C2347947
27511629	803	806	ICC	T081	C0392762
27511629	816	818	CV	T081	C0681921
27511629	835	848	density index	T201	C0005938
27511629	854	861	highest	T080	C1522410
27511629	862	870	positive	T033	C1446409
27511629	871	883	correlations	T080	C1707520
27511629	903	911	cortical	T023	C0222652
27511629	912	921	thickness	T080	C1280412
27511629	926	929	BMD	T201	C0005938
27511629	938	951	distal radius	T023	C0588207
27511629	956	968	distal tibia	T023	C0588200
27511629	996	1000	data	T078	C1511726
27511629	1019	1032	Bindex(®)-QUS	T074	C1875843
27511629	1033	1043	parameters	T033	C0449381
27511629	1078	1089	measurement	T169	C0242485
27511629	1090	1098	sessions	T077	C1883017
27511629	1117	1129	measurements	T169	C0242485
27511629	1142	1145	BMD	T201	C0005938
27511629	1149	1157	specific	T080	C0205369
27511629	1158	1172	skeletal sites	T082	C1282387
27511629	1174	1187	Bindex(®)-QUS	T074	C1875843
27511629	1219	1230	measurement	T169	C0242485
27511629	1234	1254	skeletal adaptations	T039	C2248552

27511635|t|Amyloid Aggregates Arise from Amino Acid Condensations under Prebiotic Conditions
27511635|a|Current theories on the origin of life reveal significant gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms that allowed simple chemical precursors to coalesce into the complex polymers that are needed to sustain life. The volcanic gas carbonyl sulfide (COS) is known to catalyze the condensation of amino acids under aqueous conditions, but the reported di-, tri-, and tetra-peptides are too short to support a regular tertiary structure. Here, we demonstrate that alanine and valine, two of the proteinogenic amino acids believed to have been among the most abundant on a prebiotic earth, can polymerize into peptides and subsequently assemble into ordered amyloid fibers comprising a cross-β-sheet quaternary structure following COS - activated continuous polymerization of as little as 1 mm amino acid. Furthermore, this spontaneous assembly is not limited to pure amino acids, since mixtures of glycine, alanine, aspartate, and valine yield similar structures.
27511635	0	7	Amyloid	T116,T123	C0002716
27511635	8	18	Aggregates	T080	C0205418
27511635	30	40	Amino Acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27511635	41	54	Condensations	T067	C0596312
27511635	61	70	Prebiotic	T080	C0205556
27511635	71	81	Conditions	T080	C0348080
27511635	82	89	Current	T079	C0521116
27511635	90	98	theories	T078	C0871935
27511635	106	120	origin of life	T070	C0005495
27511635	121	127	reveal	T080	C0443289
27511635	128	139	significant	T078	C0750502
27511635	140	144	gaps	T082	C3887622
27511635	152	165	understanding	T041	C0162340
27511635	173	183	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27511635	197	203	simple	T080	C0205352
27511635	204	212	chemical	T103	C0220806
27511635	213	223	precursors	T078	C1709634
27511635	227	235	coalesce	T052	C1881786
27511635	245	252	complex	T104	C1704241
27511635	253	261	polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27511635	271	277	needed	T169	C1514873
27511635	281	288	sustain	T169	C0443318
27511635	289	293	life	T078	C0376558
27511635	299	311	volcanic gas	T131	C0242922
27511635	312	328	carbonyl sulfide	T197	C0054714
27511635	329	334	(COS)	T197	C0054714
27511635	347	355	catalyze	T070	C0007382
27511635	360	372	condensation	T067	C0596312
27511635	376	387	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27511635	394	401	aqueous	T080	C0599956
27511635	402	412	conditions	T080	C0348080
27511635	422	430	reported	T170	C0684224
27511635	431	434	di-	T116	C0012512
27511635	436	440	tri-	T116	C0030956
27511635	446	460	tetra-peptides	T116	C0030956
27511635	469	474	short	T081	C1806781
27511635	488	495	regular	T080	C0205272
27511635	496	514	tertiary structure	T082	C0162808
27511635	525	536	demonstrate	T080	C0443289
27511635	542	549	alanine	T116,T123	C0001898
27511635	554	560	valine	T116,T123	C0042285
27511635	573	598	proteinogenic amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27511635	631	635	most	T081	C0205393
27511635	636	644	abundant	T080	C2346714
27511635	650	659	prebiotic	T080	C0205556
27511635	660	665	earth	UnknownType	C0683930
27511635	671	681	polymerize	T067	C0314672
27511635	687	695	peptides	T116	C0030956
27511635	700	712	subsequently	T079	C0332282
27511635	713	721	assemble	T044	C0872376
27511635	727	734	ordered	T080	C1705176
27511635	735	749	amyloid fibers	T116	C0475316
27511635	750	760	comprising	T052	C2700400
27511635	763	797	cross-β-sheet quaternary structure	T082	C0600313
27511635	798	807	following	T079	C0332282
27511635	808	811	COS	T197	C0054714
27511635	814	823	activated	T052	C1879547
27511635	824	834	continuous	T078	C0549178
27511635	835	849	polymerization	T067	C0314672
27511635	871	881	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27511635	901	912	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27511635	913	921	assembly	T044	C0872376
27511635	929	936	limited	T169	C0439801
27511635	940	944	pure	T080	C0205556
27511635	945	956	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27511635	964	972	mixtures	T167	C0439962
27511635	976	983	glycine	T116,T121,T123	C0017890
27511635	985	992	alanine	T116,T123	C0001898
27511635	994	1003	aspartate	T116,T123	C0085845
27511635	1009	1015	valine	T116,T123	C0042285
27511635	1022	1029	similar	T080	C2348205
27511635	1030	1040	structures	T082	C0678594

27512256|t|The effects of gait time and trunk acceleration ratio during stair climbing in old-old adult females
27512256|a|[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of gait time and trunk acceleration ratio in old-old adult females during stair climbing. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-five older adult females who were able to walk independently volunteered for this study and were categorized into two age groups (older adults or old-old adults). Gait time and trunk acceleration ratio were measured using an accelerometer during stair climbing. [Results] Gait time and trunk acceleration ratio when climbing stairs were significantly higher in the old-old age group than in the older adults group. [Conclusions] These findings suggest that old-old females have decreased upper trunk control. In addition, gait time and the trunk acceleration ratio during stair climbing are useful clinical markers for predicting function and balance control ability in old-old elderly populations.
27512256	4	11	effects	T080	C1280500
27512256	15	19	gait	T033	C0016928
27512256	20	24	time	T079	C0040223
27512256	29	34	trunk	T029	C0460005
27512256	35	47	acceleration	T067	C0000894
27512256	48	53	ratio	T081	C0456603
27512256	61	75	stair climbing	T056	C1290942
27512256	79	92	old-old adult	T098	C0001792
27512256	93	100	females	T032	C0086287
27512256	116	121	study	T062	C2603343
27512256	139	146	effects	T080	C1280500
27512256	150	154	gait	T033	C0016928
27512256	155	159	time	T079	C0040223
27512256	164	169	trunk	T029	C0460005
27512256	170	182	acceleration	T067	C0000894
27512256	183	188	ratio	T081	C0456603
27512256	192	205	old-old adult	T098	C0001792
27512256	206	213	females	T032	C0086287
27512256	221	235	stair climbing	T056	C1290942
27512256	272	283	older adult	T098	C0001792
27512256	284	291	females	T032	C0086287
27512256	309	327	walk independently	T033	C0429979
27512256	328	339	volunteered	T098	C0020155
27512256	349	354	study	T062	C2603343
27512256	385	395	age groups	T100	C0027362
27512256	397	409	older adults	T098	C0001792
27512256	413	427	old-old adults	T098	C0001792
27512256	430	434	Gait	T033	C0016928
27512256	435	439	time	T079	C0040223
27512256	444	449	trunk	T029	C0460005
27512256	450	462	acceleration	T067	C0000894
27512256	463	468	ratio	T081	C0456603
27512256	492	505	accelerometer	T074	C0178951
27512256	513	527	stair climbing	T056	C1290942
27512256	539	543	Gait	T033	C0016928
27512256	544	548	time	T079	C0040223
27512256	553	558	trunk	T029	C0460005
27512256	559	571	acceleration	T067	C0000894
27512256	572	577	ratio	T081	C0456603
27512256	583	598	climbing stairs	T056	C1290942
27512256	618	624	higher	T080	C0205250
27512256	632	649	old-old age group	T098	C0001792
27512256	662	680	older adults group	T098	C0001792
27512256	702	710	findings	T033	C0243095
27512256	724	731	old-old	T098	C0001792
27512256	732	739	females	T032	C0086287
27512256	745	774	decreased upper trunk control	T033	C0426973
27512256	789	793	gait	T033	C0016928
27512256	794	798	time	T079	C0040223
27512256	807	812	trunk	T029	C0460005
27512256	813	825	acceleration	T067	C0000894
27512256	826	831	ratio	T081	C0456603
27512256	839	853	stair climbing	T056	C1290942
27512256	865	881	clinical markers	T080	C0008963
27512256	886	896	predicting	T078	C0681842
27512256	897	905	function	T169	C0542341
27512256	910	917	balance	T040	C0014653
27512256	918	933	control ability	T032	C0085732
27512256	937	964	old-old elderly populations	T098	C0001792

27512352|t|Can mean platelet volume be used as a biomarker for asthma?
27512352|a|Platelets play important roles in airway inflammation and are activated in inflammatory lung diseases, including asthma. We evaluated the mean platelet volume (MPV), used as a marker of platelet activation, in asthmatic patients during asymptomatic periods and exacerbations compared to healthy controls to determine whether MPV can be used as an indicator of inflammation. Our patient group consisted of 95 children with exacerbation of asthma who were admitted to our allergy clinic. The control group consisted of 100 healthy children matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. Mean platelet volume values of the patient group obtained during exacerbation of asthma were compared to those of the same group during the asymptomatic period and with the control group. We investigated factors that can affect the MPV values of asthma patients, including infection, atopy, immunotherapy treatment, and severity of asthma exacerbation. The patient group consisted of 50 (52.6%) boys and 45 (47.4%) girls with a mean age of 125 ±38 months old. Mean MPV values in the exacerbation period, the healthy period, and in the control group were 8.1 ±0.8 fl, 8.1 ±1.06 fl, and 8.2 ±0.9 fl, respectively; there were no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). The severity of asthma, severity of asthma exacerbation, immunotherapy, coinfection, eosinophil count, and IgE level also had no effect on MPV (p > 0.05). Although platelets play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma, MPV measurement is insufficient to detect inflammation through platelets.
27512352	4	24	mean platelet volume	T059	C0200665
27512352	28	32	used	T169	C1524063
27512352	38	47	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27512352	52	58	asthma	T047	C0004096
27512352	60	69	Platelets	T025	C0005821
27512352	94	113	airway inflammation	T047	C0004096
27512352	122	131	activated	T052	C1879547
27512352	135	161	inflammatory lung diseases	T033	C4230430
27512352	163	172	including	T052	C2700399
27512352	173	179	asthma	T047	C0004096
27512352	184	193	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27512352	198	218	mean platelet volume	T059	C0200665
27512352	220	223	MPV	T059	C0200665
27512352	226	230	used	T169	C1524063
27512352	236	242	marker	T201	C0005516
27512352	246	265	platelet activation	T042	C0032173
27512352	270	279	asthmatic	T047	C0004096
27512352	280	288	patients	T101	C0030705
27512352	289	295	during	T079	C0347984
27512352	296	308	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27512352	309	316	periods	T079	C1948053
27512352	321	334	exacerbations	T033	C4086268
27512352	335	343	compared	T052	C1707455
27512352	347	363	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27512352	367	376	determine	T080	C0521095
27512352	385	388	MPV	T059	C0200665
27512352	396	400	used	T169	C1524063
27512352	407	416	indicator	T130	C0021212
27512352	420	432	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27512352	438	445	patient	T101	C0030705
27512352	452	461	consisted	T080	C0332529
27512352	468	476	children	T100	C0008059
27512352	482	504	exacerbation of asthma	T033	C0349790
27512352	514	522	admitted	T058	C0184666
27512352	530	544	allergy clinic	T073,T093	C3810819
27512352	550	563	control group	T096	C0009932
27512352	564	573	consisted	T080	C0332529
27512352	581	588	healthy	T080	C3898900
27512352	589	597	children	T100	C0008059
27512352	598	605	matched	T062	C0150103
27512352	610	613	age	T032	C0001779
27512352	615	621	gender	T032	C0079399
27512352	627	636	ethnicity	T080	C0243103
27512352	638	658	Mean platelet volume	T059	C0200665
27512352	659	665	values	T080	C0042295
27512352	673	686	patient group	T101	C0030705
27512352	687	695	obtained	T169	C1301820
27512352	696	702	during	T079	C0347984
27512352	703	725	exacerbation of asthma	T033	C0349790
27512352	731	739	compared	T052	C1707455
27512352	756	760	same	T080	C0445247
27512352	761	766	group	T101	C0030705
27512352	767	773	during	T079	C0347984
27512352	778	790	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27512352	791	797	period	T079	C1948053
27512352	811	824	control group	T096	C0009932
27512352	829	841	investigated	T169	C1292732
27512352	842	849	factors	T169	C1521761
27512352	859	865	affect	T169	C0392760
27512352	870	873	MPV	T059	C0200665
27512352	874	880	values	T080	C0042295
27512352	884	890	asthma	T047	C0004096
27512352	891	899	patients	T101	C0030705
27512352	901	910	including	T052	C2700399
27512352	911	920	infection	T046	C3714514
27512352	922	927	atopy	T046	C0392707
27512352	929	952	immunotherapy treatment	T061	C0021083
27512352	958	966	severity	T080	C0439793
27512352	970	989	asthma exacerbation	T047	C0038218
27512352	995	1008	patient group	T101	C0030705
27512352	1009	1018	consisted	T080	C0332529
27512352	1033	1037	boys	T100	C0870221
27512352	1053	1058	girls	T100	C0870604
27512352	1066	1070	mean	T081	C0444504
27512352	1071	1074	age	T032	C0001779
27512352	1086	1096	months old	T032	C0001779
27512352	1098	1102	Mean	T081	C0444504
27512352	1103	1106	MPV	T059	C0200665
27512352	1107	1113	values	T080	C0042295
27512352	1121	1133	exacerbation	T033	C4086268
27512352	1134	1140	period	T079	C1948053
27512352	1146	1153	healthy	T080	C3898900
27512352	1154	1160	period	T079	C1948053
27512352	1173	1186	control group	T096	C0009932
27512352	1261	1275	no significant	T033	C1273937
27512352	1276	1287	differences	T080	C1705242
27512352	1296	1302	groups	T101	C0030705
27512352	1319	1327	severity	T080	C0439793
27512352	1331	1337	asthma	T047	C0004096
27512352	1339	1347	severity	T080	C0439793
27512352	1351	1370	asthma exacerbation	T033	C0349790
27512352	1372	1385	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083
27512352	1387	1398	coinfection	T047	C0275524
27512352	1400	1416	eosinophil count	T034	C0750879
27512352	1422	1425	IgE	T116,T129	C0020846
27512352	1426	1431	level	T080	C0441889
27512352	1441	1450	no effect	T080	C1301751
27512352	1454	1457	MPV	T059	C0200665
27512352	1479	1488	platelets	T025	C0005821
27512352	1508	1523	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27512352	1527	1533	asthma	T047	C0004096
27512352	1535	1550	MPV measurement	T059	C0200665
27512352	1554	1566	insufficient	T080	C0231180
27512352	1570	1576	detect	T061	C1511790
27512352	1577	1589	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27512352	1590	1597	through	T169	C0332273
27512352	1598	1607	platelets	T025	C0005821

27512369|t|Interoception and Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia
27512369|a|The present study focuses on the multifaceted concept of self-disturbance in schizophrenia, adding knowledge about a not yet investigated aspect, which is the interoceptive accuracy. Starting from the assumption that interoceptive accuracy requires an intact sense of self, which otherwise was proved to be altered in schizophrenia, the aim of the present study was to explore interoceptive accuracy in a group of schizophrenia patients, compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, the possible association between interoceptive accuracy and patients ' positive and negative symptomatology was assessed. To pursue these goals, a group of 23 schizophrenia patients and a group of 23 healthy controls performed a heartbeat perception task. Patients ' symptomatology was assessed by means of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results demonstrated significantly lower interoceptive accuracy in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. This difference was not accounted for participants ' age, BMI, anxiety levels, and heart rate. Furthermore, patients ' illness severity, attention and pharmacological treatment did not influence their interoceptive accuracy levels. Interestingly, a strong positive relation between interoceptive accuracy and positive symptoms severity, especially Grandiosity, was found. The present results demonstrate for the first time that interoceptive accuracy is altered in schizophrenia. Furthermore, they prove a specific association between interoceptive accuracy and positive symptomatology, suggesting that the symptom Grandiosity might be protective against an altered basic sense of self in patients characterized by higher sensibility to their inner bodily sensations.
27512369	0	13	Interoception	T041	C3850156
27512369	18	35	Positive Symptoms	T184	C1457887
27512369	39	52	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27512369	65	70	study	T062	C0008972
27512369	86	98	multifaceted	T082	C0205291
27512369	99	106	concept	T078	C0178566
27512369	110	126	self-disturbance	T048	C0150074
27512369	130	143	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27512369	178	190	investigated	T169	C1292732
27512369	212	225	interoceptive	T041	C3850156
27512369	226	234	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27512369	270	283	interoceptive	T041	C3850156
27512369	284	292	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27512369	312	325	sense of self	T041	C0424215
27512369	371	384	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27512369	409	414	study	T062	C0008972
27512369	430	443	interoceptive	T041	C3850156
27512369	444	452	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27512369	458	463	group	T098	C1257890
27512369	467	480	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27512369	481	489	patients	T101	C0030705
27512369	491	499	compared	T052	C1707455
27512369	503	519	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27512369	547	558	association	T080	C0439849
27512369	567	580	interoceptive	T041	C3850156
27512369	581	589	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27512369	594	602	patients	T101	C0030705
27512369	605	641	positive and negative symptomatology	T184	C0871099
27512369	646	654	assessed	T052	C1516048
27512369	681	686	group	T098	C1257890
27512369	693	706	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27512369	707	715	patients	T101	C0030705
27512369	722	727	group	T098	C1257890
27512369	734	750	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27512369	751	760	performed	T169	C0884358
27512369	763	772	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
27512369	773	783	perception	T041	C0030971
27512369	784	788	task	T057	C3540678
27512369	790	798	Patients	T101	C0030705
27512369	801	815	symptomatology	T184	C1457887
27512369	820	828	assessed	T052	C1516048
27512369	845	881	Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale	T170	C0451383
27512369	883	888	PANSS	T170	C0451383
27512369	891	898	Results	T033	C0683954
27512369	912	925	significantly	T078	C0750502
27512369	926	931	lower	T080	C0205251
27512369	932	945	interoceptive	T041	C3850156
27512369	946	954	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27512369	958	971	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27512369	972	980	patients	T101	C0030705
27512369	981	989	compared	T052	C1707455
27512369	993	1009	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27512369	1049	1061	participants	T098	C0679646
27512369	1064	1067	age	T032	C0001779
27512369	1069	1072	BMI	T201	C1305855
27512369	1074	1088	anxiety levels	T033	C0564474
27512369	1094	1104	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27512369	1119	1127	patients	T101	C0030705
27512369	1130	1146	illness severity	T080	C0521117
27512369	1148	1157	attention	T041	C0004268
27512369	1162	1187	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
27512369	1196	1205	influence	T077	C4054723
27512369	1212	1225	interoceptive	T041	C3850156
27512369	1226	1234	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27512369	1235	1241	levels	T080	C0441889
27512369	1267	1275	positive	T033	C1446409
27512369	1276	1284	relation	T080	C0439849
27512369	1293	1306	interoceptive	T041	C3850156
27512369	1307	1315	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27512369	1320	1346	positive symptoms severity	T033	C1319166
27512369	1359	1370	Grandiosity	T048	C0233681
27512369	1395	1402	results	T033	C0683954
27512369	1439	1452	interoceptive	T041	C3850156
27512369	1453	1461	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27512369	1476	1489	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27512369	1526	1537	association	T080	C0439849
27512369	1546	1559	interoceptive	T041	C3850156
27512369	1560	1568	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27512369	1573	1596	positive symptomatology	T184	C1457887
27512369	1618	1625	symptom	T184	C1457887
27512369	1626	1637	Grandiosity	T048	C0233681
27512369	1647	1657	protective	T033	C1545588
27512369	1683	1696	sense of self	T041	C0424215
27512369	1700	1708	patients	T101	C0030705
27512369	1709	1722	characterized	T052	C1880022
27512369	1733	1744	sensibility	T080	C0439823
27512369	1760	1777	bodily sensations	T033	C0542538

27512378|t|Holistic Patterns as an Instrument for Predicting the Performance of Promising Young Soccer Players - A 3-Years Longitudinal Study
27512378|a|Multidimensional and dynamic talent models represent the current state of the art, but these demands have hardly ever been implemented so far. One reason for this could be the methodological problems associated with these requirements. This paper will present a proposal for dealing with this, namely for examining the development of young soccer players holistically. The patterns formed by the constructs net hope, motor abilities, technical skills and biological maturity were examined, as well as the way in which these holistic pattern s are related to subsequent sporting success. 119 young elite soccer players were questioned and tested three times at intervals of 1 year, beginning at the age of 12. At the age of 15, the level of performance reached by the players was determined. At all three measuring points, four patterns were identified, which displayed partial structural and high individual stability. The highly skilled players, scoring above average on all factors - but not necessarily those having the highest overall scores - were significantly more likely to advance to the highest level of performance. Failure - fearing fit players, i.e., physically strong, early developed players but with some technical weaknesses, have good chances of reaching the middle performance level. In contrast, none of the achievement - oriented, highly skilled, late - matured or late-matured, low skilled players reached the highest performance level. The results indicate the importance of holistic approaches for predicting performance among promising soccer talents in the medium-term and thus provide valuable clues for their selection and promotion.
27512378	0	17	Holistic Patterns	T078	C0683249
27512378	54	65	Performance	T055	C0597198
27512378	69	78	Promising	T078	C1555307
27512378	79	84	Young	T079	C0332239
27512378	85	91	Soccer	T056	C0037393
27512378	92	99	Players	T097	C0402102
27512378	112	130	Longitudinal Study	T062	C0023981
27512378	152	159	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27512378	160	166	talent	T041	C0039269
27512378	167	173	models	T170	C3161035
27512378	188	195	current	T079	C0521116
27512378	196	201	state	T169	C1442792
27512378	209	213	art,	T090	C0003826
27512378	224	231	demands	T033	C0243095
27512378	237	248	hardly ever	T079	C3275031
27512378	254	265	implemented	T052	C1708476
27512378	278	284	reason	T078	C0392360
27512378	307	330	methodological problems	T054	C0037408
27512378	331	346	associated with	T080	C0332281
27512378	353	365	requirements	T169	C1514873
27512378	393	401	proposal	T078	C1555306
27512378	436	445	examining	T033	C0332128
27512378	450	461	development	T169	C1527148
27512378	465	470	young	T079	C0332239
27512378	471	477	soccer	T056	C0037393
27512378	478	485	players	T097	C0402102
27512378	486	498	holistically	T078	C0683249
27512378	504	512	patterns	T055	C0018464
27512378	538	546	net hope	T041	C0392347
27512378	548	563	motor abilities	T040	C0260026
27512378	565	581	technical skills	T169	C0449851
27512378	586	605	biological maturity	UnknownType	C0678732
27512378	611	619	examined	T033	C0332128
27512378	655	671	holistic pattern	T078	C0683249
27512378	689	699	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27512378	700	708	sporting	T056	C0038039
27512378	709	716	success	T054	C0597535
27512378	722	727	young	T079	C0332239
27512378	734	740	soccer	T056	C0037393
27512378	741	748	players	T097	C0402102
27512378	769	775	tested	T169	C0039593
27512378	791	800	intervals	T079	C1272706
27512378	812	821	beginning	T079	C0439659
27512378	829	832	age	T032	C0001779
27512378	847	850	age	T032	C0001779
27512378	862	867	level	T080	C0441889
27512378	871	882	performance	T055	C0597198
27512378	898	905	players	T097	C0402102
27512378	910	920	determined	T080	C0521095
27512378	935	951	measuring points	T080	C0444706
27512378	958	966	patterns	T055	C0018464
27512378	972	982	identified	T080	C0205396
27512378	990	999	displayed	T169	C0870432
27512378	1028	1038	individual	T098	C0237401
27512378	1039	1048	stability	T041	C0237105
27512378	1054	1060	highly	T080	C0205250
27512378	1061	1068	skilled	T055	C0678856
27512378	1069	1076	players	T097	C0402102
27512378	1078	1085	scoring	T081	C0449820
27512378	1092	1099	average	T081	C1510992
27512378	1107	1114	factors	T169	C1521761
27512378	1154	1161	highest	T080	C1522410
27512378	1162	1169	overall	T080	C1561607
27512378	1170	1176	scores	T081	C0449820
27512378	1184	1197	significantly	T078	C0750502
27512378	1198	1202	more	T081	C0205172
27512378	1213	1220	advance	T079	C3854260
27512378	1228	1235	highest	T080	C1522410
27512378	1236	1241	level	T080	C0441889
27512378	1245	1256	performance	T055	C0597198
27512378	1258	1265	Failure	T055	C0680095
27512378	1268	1275	fearing	T041	C0015726
27512378	1276	1279	fit	T033	C0424576
27512378	1280	1287	players	T097	C0402102
27512378	1295	1312	physically strong	T033	C0556453
27512378	1314	1319	early	T079	C1279919
27512378	1330	1337	players	T097	C0402102
27512378	1352	1361	technical	T055	C0946438
27512378	1362	1372	weaknesses	T184	C3714552
27512378	1384	1391	chances	T080	C0237506
27512378	1415	1426	performance	T055	C0597198
27512378	1427	1432	level	T080	C0441889
27512378	1437	1445	contrast	T080	C1979874
27512378	1447	1451	none	T081	C0549184
27512378	1459	1470	achievement	T053	C0001072
27512378	1473	1481	oriented	T033	C4036454
27512378	1483	1489	highly	T080	C0205250
27512378	1490	1497	skilled	T055	C0678856
27512378	1499	1503	late	T079	C0205087
27512378	1506	1513	matured	T079	C0205286
27512378	1531	1534	low	T080	C0205251
27512378	1535	1542	skilled	T055	C0678856
27512378	1543	1550	players	T097	C0402102
27512378	1563	1570	highest	T080	C1522410
27512378	1571	1582	performance	T055	C0597198
27512378	1583	1588	level	T080	C0441889
27512378	1629	1648	holistic approaches	T078	C0683249
27512378	1664	1675	performance	T055	C0597198
27512378	1682	1691	promising	T078	C1555307
27512378	1692	1698	soccer	T056	C0037393
27512378	1699	1706	talents	T041	C0039269
27512378	1714	1725	medium-term	T079	C1254367
27512378	1768	1777	selection	T052	C1707391
27512378	1782	1791	promotion	T052	C0033414

27513357|t|Carbon Monoxide Improves Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells During Sepsis by Production of Specialized Proresolving Lipid Mediators
27513357|a|Mesenchymal stromal cells are being investigated as a cell-based therapy for a number of disease processes, with promising results in animal models of systemic inflammation and sepsis. Studies are ongoing to determine ways to further improve the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. A gas molecule that improves outcome in experimental sepsis is carbon monoxide. We hypothesized that preconditioning of mesenchymal stromal cells with carbon monoxide ex vivo would promote further therapeutic benefit when cells are administered in vivo after the onset of polymicrobial sepsis in mice. Animal study and primary cell culture. Laboratory investigation. BALB/c mice. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Mesenchymal stromal cells, mesenchymal stromal cells - conditioned with carbon monoxide, fibroblasts, or fibroblasts - conditioned with carbon monoxide were delivered by tail vein injections to septic mice. The mice were assessed for survival, bacterial clearance, and the inflammatory response during sepsis in each of the groups. Mesenchymal stromal cells were also assessed for their ability to promote bacterial phagocytosis by neutrophils, the production of specialized proresolving lipid mediators, and their importance for mesenchymal stromal cells function using gene silencing. Ex vivo preconditioning with carbon monoxide allowed mesenchymal stromal cells to be administered later after the onset of sepsis (6 hr), and yet maintain their therapeutic effect with increased survival. Carbon monoxide preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cells were also able to alleviate organ injury, improve bacterial clearance, and promote the resolution of inflammation. Mesenchymal stromal cells exposed to carbon monoxide, with docosahexaenoic acid substrate, produced specialized proresolving lipid mediators, particularly D-series resolvins, which promoted survival. Silencing of lipoxygenase pathways (5-lipoxygenase and 12 / 15-lipoxygenase), which are important enzymes for specialized proresolving lipid mediator biosynthesis, resulted in a loss of therapeutic benefit bestowed on mesenchymal stromal cells by carbon monoxide. Taken together, these data suggest that production of specialized proresolving lipid mediators contribute to improved mesenchymal stromal cell efficacy when exposed to carbon monoxide, resulting in an improved therapeutic response during sepsis.
27513357	0	15	Carbon Monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
27513357	16	24	Improves	T033	C0184511
27513357	25	33	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
27513357	37	62	Mesenchymal Stromal Cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	63	69	During	T079	C0347984
27513357	70	76	Sepsis	T047	C0243026
27513357	94	105	Specialized	T077	C1704211
27513357	106	118	Proresolving	T033	C0243095
27513357	119	134	Lipid Mediators	T123	C0599745
27513357	135	160	Mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	171	183	investigated	T169	C1292732
27513357	189	207	cell-based therapy	T061	C3658313
27513357	224	241	disease processes	T046	C0030660
27513357	258	265	results	T033	C2825142
27513357	269	282	animal models	T008	C0599779
27513357	286	307	systemic inflammation	T047	C3646020
27513357	312	318	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27513357	320	327	Studies	T062	C2603343
27513357	369	376	improve	T033	C0184511
27513357	381	392	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27513357	393	402	potential	T080	C3245505
27513357	406	431	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	435	438	gas	T104	C0017110
27513357	439	447	molecule	T167	C0567416
27513357	453	461	improves	T033	C0184511
27513357	462	469	outcome	T169	C1274040
27513357	473	485	experimental	T080	C1517586
27513357	486	492	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27513357	496	511	carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
27513357	534	549	preconditioning	T169	C0205245
27513357	553	578	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	584	599	carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
27513357	600	607	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27513357	614	621	promote	T052	C0033414
27513357	630	641	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27513357	642	649	benefit	T081	C0814225
27513357	655	660	cells	T025	C0007634
27513357	665	677	administered	T169	C1521801
27513357	678	685	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27513357	696	704	onset of	T080	C0332162
27513357	705	718	polymicrobial	T047	C0275524
27513357	719	725	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27513357	729	733	mice	T015	C0025929
27513357	735	747	Animal study	T008	C0683949
27513357	752	772	primary cell culture	T059	C1449562
27513357	774	784	Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27513357	785	798	investigation	T058	C0220825
27513357	800	811	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
27513357	813	826	Polymicrobial	T047	C0275524
27513357	827	833	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27513357	838	845	induced	T169	C0205263
27513357	849	854	cecal	T023	C0007531
27513357	855	863	ligation	T061	C0023690
27513357	868	876	puncture	T058	C0034117
27513357	878	903	Mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	905	930	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	933	944	conditioned	T080	C0205556
27513357	950	965	carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
27513357	967	978	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27513357	983	994	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27513357	997	1008	conditioned	T080	C0205556
27513357	1014	1029	carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
27513357	1035	1044	delivered	T169	C1705822
27513357	1048	1057	tail vein	T023	C2985205
27513357	1058	1068	injections	T061	C1533685
27513357	1072	1078	septic	T169	C0333534
27513357	1079	1083	mice	T015	C0025929
27513357	1089	1093	mice	T015	C0025929
27513357	1099	1107	assessed	T052	C1516048
27513357	1112	1120	survival	T052	C0038952
27513357	1122	1131	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27513357	1132	1141	clearance	T080	C0449297
27513357	1151	1172	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27513357	1173	1179	during	T079	C0347984
27513357	1180	1186	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27513357	1202	1208	groups	T078	C0441833
27513357	1210	1235	Mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	1246	1254	assessed	T052	C1516048
27513357	1265	1272	ability	T032	C0085732
27513357	1276	1283	promote	T052	C0033414
27513357	1284	1293	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27513357	1294	1306	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
27513357	1310	1321	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27513357	1341	1352	specialized	T077	C1704211
27513357	1353	1365	proresolving	T033	C0243095
27513357	1366	1381	lipid mediators	T123	C0599745
27513357	1408	1433	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	1434	1442	function	T039	C0031843
27513357	1449	1463	gene silencing	T045	C0598496
27513357	1465	1472	Ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27513357	1473	1488	preconditioning	T169	C0205245
27513357	1494	1509	carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
27513357	1518	1543	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	1550	1562	administered	T169	C1521801
27513357	1579	1587	onset of	T080	C0332162
27513357	1588	1594	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27513357	1626	1644	therapeutic effect	T201	C1527144
27513357	1650	1659	increased	T081	C0205217
27513357	1660	1668	survival	T052	C0038952
27513357	1670	1685	Carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
27513357	1686	1700	preconditioned	T081	C0205217
27513357	1701	1726	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	1755	1767	organ injury	T037	C0332675
27513357	1769	1776	improve	T033	C0184511
27513357	1777	1786	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27513357	1787	1796	clearance	T080	C0449297
27513357	1802	1809	promote	T052	C0033414
27513357	1814	1824	resolution	T046	C1514893
27513357	1828	1840	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27513357	1842	1867	Mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	1868	1878	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27513357	1879	1894	carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
27513357	1901	1921	docosahexaenoic acid	T109,T121	C0556150
27513357	1922	1931	substrate	T167	C3891814
27513357	1942	1953	specialized	T077	C1704211
27513357	1954	1966	proresolving	T033	C0243095
27513357	1967	1982	lipid mediators	T123	C0599745
27513357	1997	2005	D-series	T080	C0205556
27513357	2006	2015	resolvins	T109	C4288292
27513357	2023	2031	promoted	T052	C0033414
27513357	2032	2040	survival	T052	C0038952
27513357	2042	2051	Silencing	T045	C0598496
27513357	2055	2076	lipoxygenase pathways	T044	C1157322
27513357	2078	2092	5-lipoxygenase	T044	C1151570
27513357	2097	2099	12	T044	C1151569
27513357	2102	2117	15-lipoxygenase	T044	C1324412
27513357	2130	2139	important	T080	C3898777
27513357	2140	2147	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27513357	2152	2163	specialized	T077	C1704211
27513357	2164	2176	proresolving	T033	C0243095
27513357	2177	2191	lipid mediator	T123	C0599745
27513357	2192	2204	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27513357	2206	2214	resulted	T169	C1274040
27513357	2228	2239	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27513357	2240	2247	benefit	T081	C0814225
27513357	2260	2285	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27513357	2289	2304	carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
27513357	2328	2332	data	T078	C1511726
27513357	2360	2371	specialized	T077	C1704211
27513357	2372	2384	proresolving	T033	C0243095
27513357	2385	2400	lipid mediators	T123	C0599745
27513357	2401	2411	contribute	T052	C1880177
27513357	2415	2423	improved	T033	C0184511
27513357	2424	2448	mesenchymal stromal cell	T025	C3178844
27513357	2449	2457	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27513357	2463	2473	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27513357	2474	2489	carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
27513357	2507	2515	improved	T033	C0184511
27513357	2516	2536	therapeutic response	T201	C0521982
27513357	2537	2543	during	T079	C0347984
27513357	2544	2550	sepsis	T047	C0243026

27513632|t|miR‑221 targets HMGA2 to inhibit bleomycin ‑induced pulmonary fibrosis by regulating TGF‑β1 / Smad3 -induced EMT
27513632|a|MicroRNA (miR)-221 plays an essential role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). High mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), is a key regulator of EMT. However, the role of miR‑221 in pulmonary fibrosis, and the association between miR‑221 and HMGA2 remain largely unknown. For this purpose, we examined the expression of miR‑221 and HMGA2 in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) tissues and pulmonary cells, namely the adenocarcinoma A549 and human bronchial epithelium (HBE) cell lines, and found that the expression of miR‑221 was inhibited in both tissues and cells whereas high mRNA and protein expression of HMGA2 was observed. Additionally, transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1) induced the EMT, characterized by the upregulated expression of the mesenchymal markers, namely N‑cadherin, vimentin, α‑smooth muscle actin, collagen I and collagen III, and the downregulated expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin in A549 and HBE cells. We then performed transfection with miR‑221 mimics, and found that the expression of phosphorylated - Smad3 in miR‑221 ‑ overexpressing cells was significantly downregulated, compared with that in the TGF‑β1 -treated cells without transfection. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR‑221 decreased the expression of HMGA2, suppressed the EMT, and inhibited the proliferation of A549 and HBE cells. HMGA2 was directly targeted by miR‑221 which was confirmed by the dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Finally, a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)‑induced pulmonary fibrosis was used to confirm the effect of miR‑221 on EMT. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that BLM induced thicker alveolar walls and more collagen deposition, whereas miR‑221 treatment reduced lung fibrosis and the tissues exhibited thinner alveolar walls and normal lung alveoli. Furthermore, the EMT process was suppressed following miR‑221 injection. Taken together, these findings sugest that miR‑221 targets HMGA2 to inhibit BLM ‑induced pulmonary fibrosis through the TGF‑β1 / Smad3 signaling pathway.
27513632	0	7	miR‑221	T114	C2003459
27513632	16	21	HMGA2	T116,T123	C0122111
27513632	25	32	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27513632	33	42	bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
27513632	52	70	pulmonary fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27513632	85	91	TGF‑β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27513632	94	99	Smad3	T116,T123	C0529119
27513632	109	112	EMT	T043	C1523298
27513632	113	131	MicroRNA (miR)-221	T114	C2003459
27513632	163	196	epithelial-mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27513632	198	201	EMT	T043	C1523298
27513632	204	233	High mobility group AT-hook 2	T116,T123	C0122111
27513632	235	240	HMGA2	T116,T123	C0122111
27513632	252	261	regulator	T077	C1704735
27513632	265	268	EMT	T043	C1523298
27513632	291	298	miR‑221	T114	C2003459
27513632	302	320	pulmonary fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27513632	330	341	association	T080	C0439849
27513632	350	357	miR‑221	T114	C2003459
27513632	362	367	HMGA2	T116,T123	C0122111
27513632	426	436	expression	T045	C0017262
27513632	440	447	miR‑221	T028	C1537859
27513632	452	457	HMGA2	T116,T123	C0122111
27513632	461	466	human	T016	C0086418
27513632	467	496	idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	T047	C1800706
27513632	498	501	IPF	T047	C1800706
27513632	503	510	tissues	T024	C0040300
27513632	515	524	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27513632	525	530	cells	T025	C0007634
27513632	543	557	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
27513632	558	562	A549	T025	C4277577
27513632	567	572	human	T016	C0086418
27513632	573	593	bronchial epithelium	T023	C0599333
27513632	595	598	HBE	T023	C0599333
27513632	600	610	cell lines	T025	C0682523
27513632	631	641	expression	T045	C0017262
27513632	645	652	miR‑221	T028	C1537859
27513632	657	666	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27513632	675	682	tissues	T024	C0040300
27513632	687	692	cells	T025	C0007634
27513632	706	710	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27513632	715	733	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27513632	737	742	HMGA2	T116,T123	C0122111
27513632	771	800	transforming growth factor‑β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27513632	802	808	TGF‑β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27513632	822	825	EMT	T043	C1523298
27513632	848	859	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27513632	860	870	expression	T059	C0600223
27513632	878	897	mesenchymal markers	T045	C0017393
27513632	906	916	N‑cadherin	T116,T123	C0027215
27513632	918	926	vimentin	T116,T123	C0042666
27513632	928	949	α‑smooth muscle actin	T116,T123	C2716282
27513632	951	961	collagen I	T116,T123	C0041455
27513632	966	978	collagen III	T116,T123	C0009332
27513632	988	1001	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27513632	1002	1012	expression	T059	C0600223
27513632	1020	1037	epithelial marker	T045	C0017393
27513632	1038	1048	E-cadherin	T116,T123	C0042172
27513632	1052	1056	A549	T025	C4277577
27513632	1061	1070	HBE cells	T025	C0014597
27513632	1090	1102	transfection	T045	C0314641
27513632	1108	1115	miR‑221	T114	C2003459
27513632	1143	1153	expression	T045	C1171362
27513632	1157	1171	phosphorylated	T044	C1158886
27513632	1174	1179	Smad3	T116,T123	C0529119
27513632	1183	1190	miR‑221	T028	C1537859
27513632	1193	1207	overexpressing	T045	C0017262
27513632	1208	1213	cells	T025	C0007634
27513632	1232	1245	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27513632	1273	1279	TGF‑β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27513632	1289	1294	cells	T025	C0007634
27513632	1303	1315	transfection	T045	C0314641
27513632	1334	1348	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27513632	1352	1359	miR‑221	T028	C1537859
27513632	1374	1384	expression	T045	C1171362
27513632	1388	1393	HMGA2	T116,T123	C0122111
27513632	1410	1413	EMT	T043	C1523298
27513632	1419	1428	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27513632	1433	1446	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27513632	1450	1454	A549	T025	C4277577
27513632	1459	1468	HBE cells	T025	C0014597
27513632	1470	1475	HMGA2	T116,T123	C0122111
27513632	1501	1508	miR‑221	T114	C2003459
27513632	1561	1571	gene assay	T059	C0022885
27513632	1584	1595	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27513632	1599	1608	bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
27513632	1610	1613	BLM	T116,T195	C0005740
27513632	1623	1641	pulmonary fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27513632	1676	1683	miR‑221	T114	C2744274
27513632	1687	1690	EMT	T043	C1523298
27513632	1692	1722	Hematoxylin and eosin staining	T059	C0523207
27513632	1735	1738	BLM	T116,T195	C0005740
27513632	1755	1769	alveolar walls	T023	C0225695
27513632	1779	1787	collagen	T116	C0009325
27513632	1788	1798	deposition	T169	C0333562
27513632	1808	1815	miR‑221	T114	C2744274
27513632	1816	1825	treatment	T169	C1522326
27513632	1834	1847	lung fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27513632	1856	1863	tissues	T024	C0040300
27513632	1882	1896	alveolar walls	T023	C0225695
27513632	1908	1920	lung alveoli	T023	C0034051
27513632	1939	1950	EMT process	T043	C1523298
27513632	1976	1983	miR‑221	T114	C2744274
27513632	2038	2045	miR‑221	T114	C2003459
27513632	2054	2059	HMGA2	T116,T123	C0122111
27513632	2063	2070	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27513632	2071	2074	BLM	T116,T195	C0005740
27513632	2084	2102	pulmonary fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27513632	2115	2121	TGF‑β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27513632	2124	2129	Smad3	T116,T123	C1566798
27513632	2130	2147	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080

27514242|t|Botulinum Toxin Use in Refractory Pain and Other Symptoms in Parkinsonism
27514242|a|Parkinson's disease (PD) and other parkinsonian syndromes are chronic, progressive neurodegenerative diseases. With advancing disease, both motor and non-motor symptoms represent a considerable burden and symptom relief and quality of life improvement become the main goal of treatment. Botulinum toxins (BTX) are an effective treatment modality for many neurological conditions. To understand the potential usefulness of BTX in this population, we performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD and atypical parkinsonism who received treatment with BTX injections in our center from 1995 to 2014 for a variety of symptoms. Response to BTX was assessed using a subjective Clinical Global Impression. Records of 160 patients were reviewed. Probable idiopathic PD was the diagnosis in 117 patients (73.1%). The main indication for BTX treatment was pain (50.6% of cases). Other indications were the treatment of functional impairment resulting from dystonia (26.25%), sialorrhea (18.75%), freezing of gait, and camptocormia. Considering pain as indication, 81% of all patients with PD reported benefits after the first BTX injections. This benefit was maintained after the last recorded visit without significant difference in outcome compared with the first injection (p=0.067). Similar results were observed in patients with atypical parkinsonism. Our results confirm the safety and efficacy of different uses of BTX in the symptomatic treatment of patients with parkinsonism even in advanced stages of the disease, and suggest BTX treatment could have a safe and useful role in the treatment of pain in this population.
27514242	0	15	Botulinum Toxin	T116,T121,T131	C0006055
27514242	23	38	Refractory Pain	T184	C0030200
27514242	49	57	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
27514242	61	73	Parkinsonism	T047	C0242422
27514242	74	93	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27514242	95	97	PD	T047	C0030567
27514242	109	131	parkinsonian syndromes	T047	C0242422
27514242	136	143	chronic	T079	C0205191
27514242	145	156	progressive	T169	C0205329
27514242	157	183	neurodegenerative diseases	T047	C0524851
27514242	200	207	disease	T047	C0012634
27514242	214	219	motor	T184	C0426980
27514242	224	242	non-motor symptoms	T184	C1457887
27514242	268	274	burden	T078	C2828008
27514242	279	286	symptom	T184	C1457887
27514242	287	293	relief	T033	C0564405
27514242	298	313	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27514242	314	325	improvement	T077	C2986411
27514242	342	346	goal	T170	C0018017
27514242	350	359	treatment	T061	C0087111
27514242	361	377	Botulinum toxins	T116,T121,T131	C0006055
27514242	379	382	BTX	T116,T121,T131	C0006055
27514242	391	400	effective	T080	C1704419
27514242	401	410	treatment	T061	C0087111
27514242	411	419	modality	T078	C0695347
27514242	429	452	neurological conditions	T047	C0027765
27514242	472	481	potential	T080	C3245505
27514242	482	492	usefulness	T080	C3827682
27514242	496	499	BTX	T116,T121,T131	C0006055
27514242	508	518	population	T098	C1257890
27514242	523	532	performed	T169	C0884358
27514242	535	548	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27514242	549	561	chart review	T058	C0541653
27514242	569	577	patients	T101	C0030705
27514242	585	603	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
27514242	607	620	idiopathic PD	T047	C0865475
27514242	625	646	atypical parkinsonism	T047	C4302185
27514242	660	669	treatment	T169	C0039798
27514242	675	689	BTX injections	T061	C1321035
27514242	697	703	center	T093	C1708333
27514242	739	747	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27514242	749	757	Response	T032	C0871261
27514242	761	764	BTX	T116,T121,T131	C0006055
27514242	769	777	assessed	T052	C1516048
27514242	786	823	subjective Clinical Global Impression	T170	C3639708
27514242	825	832	Records	T170	C0034869
27514242	840	848	patients	T101	C0030705
27514242	854	862	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27514242	873	886	idiopathic PD	T047	C0865475
27514242	895	904	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27514242	912	920	patients	T101	C0030705
27514242	939	949	indication	T078	C3146298
27514242	954	957	BTX	T116,T121,T131	C0006055
27514242	958	967	treatment	T061	C0087111
27514242	972	976	pain	T184	C0030193
27514242	1001	1012	indications	T078	C3146298
27514242	1022	1031	treatment	T061	C0087111
27514242	1035	1056	functional impairment	T033	C4062321
27514242	1057	1066	resulting	T169	C0678226
27514242	1072	1080	dystonia	T184	C0013421
27514242	1091	1101	sialorrhea	T047	C0037036
27514242	1112	1128	freezing of gait	T184	C0860515
27514242	1134	1146	camptocormia	T020	C0264162
27514242	1160	1164	pain	T184	C0030193
27514242	1168	1178	indication	T078	C3146298
27514242	1191	1199	patients	T101	C0030705
27514242	1205	1207	PD	T047	C0030567
27514242	1208	1216	reported	T058	C0700287
27514242	1217	1225	benefits	T081	C0814225
27514242	1242	1256	BTX injections	T061	C1321035
27514242	1263	1270	benefit	T081	C0814225
27514242	1275	1285	maintained	T169	C1314677
27514242	1296	1315	last recorded visit	T058	C1512346
27514242	1336	1346	difference	T080	C1705242
27514242	1350	1357	outcome	T169	C1274040
27514242	1358	1366	compared	T052	C1707455
27514242	1382	1391	injection	T061	C0021485
27514242	1411	1418	results	T169	C1274040
27514242	1436	1444	patients	T101	C0030705
27514242	1450	1471	atypical parkinsonism	T047	C4302185
27514242	1477	1484	results	T169	C1274040
27514242	1508	1516	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27514242	1520	1529	different	T080	C1705242
27514242	1530	1534	uses	T169	C0457083
27514242	1538	1541	BTX	T116,T121,T131	C0006055
27514242	1549	1560	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27514242	1561	1570	treatment	T169	C1522326
27514242	1574	1582	patients	T101	C0030705
27514242	1588	1600	parkinsonism	T047	C0242422
27514242	1609	1617	advanced	T080	C0205179
27514242	1618	1624	stages	T079	C1306673
27514242	1632	1639	disease	T047	C0012634
27514242	1645	1652	suggest	T078	C1705535
27514242	1653	1656	BTX	T116,T121,T131	C0006055
27514242	1657	1666	treatment	T061	C0087111
27514242	1696	1700	role	T077	C1705810
27514242	1708	1717	treatment	T169	C1522326
27514242	1721	1725	pain	T184	C0030193
27514242	1734	1744	population	T098	C1257890

27514440|t|Isolation and characterization of lignocellulose nanofibers from different wheat straw pulps
27514440|a|Wheat straw was cooked under different pulping processes: Soda (100°C, 7% NaOH, 150min), Kraft (170°C, 16% alkalinity, 25% sulfidity, 40min) and Organosolv (210°C, 60% ethanol, 60min). Once the pulps were obtained, lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNF) were isolated by mechanical process and TEMPO -mediated oxidation followed by a high pressure homogenization. After pulping process, the different pulps were characterized and its chemical composition was determined. The pulps characterization indicates that the Soda process is the process that, despite producing less delignification, retains much of the hemicelluloses in the pulp, being this content a key factor in the nanofibrillation process. Regarding the LCNF obtained by mechanical process, those nanofibers isolated from Organosolv wheat pulp (OWP) and Kraft wheat pulp (KWP) show low values for nanofibrillation yield, specific surface area and greater diameter. However, those nanofibers isolated from Soda wheat pulp (SWP) reach much higher values for these parameters and presents a diameter of 14nm, smaller than those obtained by TEMPO -mediated oxidation from OWP. Smaller diameters are generally obtained in TEMPO - oxidized LCNF. This work concludes that the lignin content does not affect greatly to obtain LCNF as does the hemicellulose content, so it is accurate to use a soft pulping process.
27514440	0	9	Isolation	T059	C0220862
27514440	14	30	characterization	T052	C1880022
27514440	34	48	lignocellulose	T109	C0064974
27514440	49	59	nanofibers	T073	C1881960
27514440	75	80	wheat	T168	C0043137
27514440	81	86	straw	T109	C4047917
27514440	87	92	pulps	T167	C0439861
27514440	93	98	Wheat	T168	C0043137
27514440	99	104	straw	T109	C4047917
27514440	109	115	cooked	T056	C0335326
27514440	132	139	pulping	T169	C0205245
27514440	140	149	processes	T067	C1522240
27514440	151	155	Soda	T131,T197	C0007468
27514440	167	171	NaOH	T131,T197	C0037517
27514440	182	187	Kraft	T067	C1522240
27514440	200	210	alkalinity	T081	C0920750
27514440	238	248	Organosolv	T067	C1522240
27514440	261	268	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
27514440	287	292	pulps	T167	C0439861
27514440	308	322	lignocellulose	T109	C0064974
27514440	323	333	nanofibers	T073	C1881960
27514440	335	339	LCNF	T073	C1881960
27514440	358	376	mechanical process	T070	C2350456
27514440	381	386	TEMPO	T109,T121	C0076084
27514440	397	406	oxidation	T044	C0030011
27514440	426	434	pressure	T169	C1306345
27514440	435	449	homogenization	T067	C1522240
27514440	457	464	pulping	T169	C0205245
27514440	465	472	process	T067	C1522240
27514440	488	493	pulps	T167	C0439861
27514440	499	512	characterized	T052	C1880022
27514440	521	541	chemical composition	T070	C0243176
27514440	546	556	determined	T080	C0521095
27514440	562	567	pulps	T167	C0439861
27514440	568	584	characterization	T052	C1880022
27514440	604	608	Soda	T131,T197	C0007468
27514440	609	616	process	T067	C1522240
27514440	624	631	process	T067	C1522240
27514440	698	712	hemicelluloses	T109	C0062221
27514440	720	724	pulp	T167	C0439861
27514440	737	744	content	T077	C0456205
27514440	751	757	factor	T169	C1521761
27514440	765	789	nanofibrillation process	T067	C1522240
27514440	805	809	LCNF	T073	C1881960
27514440	822	840	mechanical process	T070	C2350456
27514440	848	858	nanofibers	T073	C1881960
27514440	873	894	Organosolv wheat pulp	T167	C0439861
27514440	896	899	OWP	T167	C0439861
27514440	905	921	Kraft wheat pulp	T167	C0439861
27514440	923	926	KWP	T167	C0439861
27514440	933	943	low values	T077	C1708754
27514440	948	970	nanofibrillation yield	T081	C0392762
27514440	981	993	surface area	T082	C0205146
27514440	998	1005	greater	T081	C1704243
27514440	1006	1014	diameter	T081	C1301886
27514440	1031	1041	nanofibers	T073	C1881960
27514440	1056	1071	Soda wheat pulp	T167	C0439861
27514440	1073	1076	SWP	T167	C0439861
27514440	1089	1102	higher values	T077	C1708366
27514440	1113	1123	parameters	UnknownType	C0683582
27514440	1139	1147	diameter	T081	C1301886
27514440	1157	1164	smaller	T081	C0700321
27514440	1188	1193	TEMPO	T109,T121	C0076084
27514440	1204	1213	oxidation	T044	C0030011
27514440	1219	1222	OWP	T167	C0439861
27514440	1224	1231	Smaller	T081	C0700321
27514440	1232	1241	diameters	T081	C1301886
27514440	1268	1273	TEMPO	T109,T121	C0076084
27514440	1276	1284	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27514440	1285	1289	LCNF	T073	C1881960
27514440	1296	1300	work	T057	C0043227
27514440	1320	1326	lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
27514440	1327	1334	content	T077	C0456205
27514440	1335	1350	does not affect	T077	C2986417
27514440	1351	1358	greatly	T033	C3840786
27514440	1369	1373	LCNF	T073	C1881960
27514440	1386	1399	hemicellulose	T109	C0062221
27514440	1400	1407	content	T077	C0456205
27514440	1418	1426	accurate	T080	C0443131
27514440	1436	1440	soft	T080	C0205358
27514440	1441	1448	pulping	T169	C0205245
27514440	1449	1456	process	T067	C1522240

27514572|t|Association of testosterone and BDNF serum levels with craving during alcohol withdrawal
27514572|a|Preclinical and clinical studies show associations between testosterone and brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) serum levels. BDNF and testosterone have been independently reported to influence alcohol consumption. Therefore, we aimed to investigate a possible interplay of testosterone and BDNF contributing to alcohol dependence. Regarding possible interplay of testosterone and BDNF and the activity of the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA), we included cortisol serum levels in our research. We investigated testosterone and BDNF serum levels in a sample of 99 male alcohol -dependent patients during alcohol withdrawal (day 1, 7, and 14) and compared them to a healthy male control group (n = 17). The testosterone serum levels were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the patients' group than in the control group and decreased significantly during alcohol withdrawal (p < 0.001). The decrease of testosterone serum levels during alcohol withdrawal (days 1-7) was significantly associated with the BDNF serum levels (day 1: p = 0.008). In a subgroup of patients showing high cortisol serum levels (putatively mirroring high HPA activity), we found a significant association of BDNF and testosterone as well as with alcohol craving measured by the Obsessive and Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). Our data suggest a possible association of BDNF and testosterone serum levels, which may be relevant for the symptomatology of alcohol dependence. Further studies are needed to clarify our results.
27514572	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27514572	15	27	testosterone	T059	C0523912
27514572	32	49	BDNF serum levels	T059	C2825882
27514572	37	42	serum	T031	C0229671
27514572	55	62	craving	T055	C0870371
27514572	70	88	alcohol withdrawal	T047	C0236663
27514572	89	100	Preclinical	T062	C1709631
27514572	105	121	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27514572	127	139	associations	T080	C0439849
27514572	148	160	testosterone	T059	C0523912
27514572	165	225	brain-derived neurotrophic growth factor (BDNF) serum levels	T059	C2825882
27514572	213	218	serum	T031	C0229671
27514572	227	231	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27514572	236	248	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27514572	285	294	influence	T077	C4054723
27514572	295	314	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
27514572	339	350	investigate	T169	C1292732
27514572	375	387	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27514572	392	396	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27514572	413	431	alcohol dependence	T048	C3699402
27514572	465	477	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27514572	482	486	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27514572	495	538	activity of the hypothalamic pituitary axis	T042	C0678897
27514572	540	543	HPA	T042	C0678897
27514572	558	579	cortisol serum levels	T034	C0428396
27514572	567	572	serum	T031	C0229671
27514572	613	625	testosterone	T059	C0523912
27514572	630	647	BDNF serum levels	T059	C2825882
27514572	635	640	serum	T031	C0229671
27514572	653	659	sample	T167	C0370003
27514572	666	670	male	T098	C0025266
27514572	671	678	alcohol	T168	C0001967
27514572	690	698	patients	T101	C0030705
27514572	706	724	alcohol withdrawal	T047	C0236663
27514572	726	729	day	T079	C0439228
27514572	767	774	healthy	T080	C3898900
27514572	775	779	male	T098	C0025266
27514572	780	793	control group	T096	C0009932
27514572	808	833	testosterone serum levels	T059	C0523912
27514572	821	826	serum	T031	C0229671
27514572	879	894	patients' group	T101	C0030705
27514572	907	920	control group	T096	C0009932
27514572	925	934	decreased	T081	C0205216
27514572	956	974	alcohol withdrawal	T047	C0236663
27514572	992	1000	decrease	T081	C0547047
27514572	1004	1029	testosterone serum levels	T059	C0523912
27514572	1017	1022	serum	T031	C0229671
27514572	1037	1055	alcohol withdrawal	T047	C0236663
27514572	1057	1061	days	T079	C0439228
27514572	1085	1100	associated with	T080	C0332281
27514572	1105	1122	BDNF serum levels	T059	C2825882
27514572	1110	1115	serum	T031	C0229671
27514572	1124	1127	day	T079	C0439228
27514572	1148	1156	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27514572	1160	1168	patients	T101	C0030705
27514572	1182	1203	cortisol serum levels	T034	C0428396
27514572	1191	1196	serum	T031	C0229671
27514572	1231	1243	HPA activity	T042	C0678897
27514572	1269	1280	association	T080	C0439849
27514572	1284	1288	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27514572	1293	1305	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27514572	1322	1337	alcohol craving	T033	C0556385
27514572	1354	1393	Obsessive and Compulsive Drinking Scale	T170	C0282574
27514572	1395	1399	OCDS	T170	C0282574
27514572	1406	1410	data	T078	C1511726
27514572	1430	1441	association	T080	C0439849
27514572	1445	1449	BDNF	T059	C2825882
27514572	1454	1479	testosterone serum levels	T059	C0523912
27514572	1467	1472	serum	T031	C0229671
27514572	1494	1502	relevant	T080	C2347946
27514572	1511	1525	symptomatology	T184	C1457887
27514572	1529	1547	alcohol dependence	T048	C3699402
27514572	1579	1586	clarify	T052	C2986669
27514572	1591	1598	results	T169	C1274040

27514644|t|Upregulation of PSMB4 is Associated with the Necroptosis after Spinal Cord Injury
27514644|a|Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most common and severe complications in spine injury. It is difficult to prevent cell necroptosis and promote the survival of residual neurons after SCI. Proteasome beta-4 subunit (PSMB4) is the first proteasomal subunit with oncogenic properties promoting cancer cell survival and tumor growth in vivo, and our previous study showed that PSMB4 is significantly associated with neuronal apoptosis in neuroinflammation. However, PSMB4 function in the necroptosis after SCI is unkown. RIP3, a key regulatory factor of necroptosis, correlates with the induction of necroptosis in various types of cells and signaling pathway. Upregulation of the RIP3 expression may play a role as a novel molecular mechanism in secondary neural tissue damage following SCI. In this study, we established an acute spinal cord contusion injury model in adult rats to investigate the potential role of PSMB4 during the pathological process of SCI. We found PSMB4 expression was significantly up-regulated 3 days after injury by western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Double immunofluorescent staining indicated obvious changes of PSMB4 expression occurred in neurons. Significant up-regulation of PSMB4 expression was observed in Rip3 positive neurons at 3 days after SCI, which indicated that PSMB4 might play a vital role in the regulation of Rip3. Overexpress and knockdown PSMB4 could intervene the RIP3 and Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) pathway in Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced necroptosis cell model. Based on our experimental data, we boldly conclude that PSMB4 is associated with RIP3 involved necroptosis after SCI.
27514644	0	12	Upregulation	T044	C0041904
27514644	16	21	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	25	40	Associated with	T080	C0332281
27514644	45	56	Necroptosis	T043	C2610958
27514644	63	81	Spinal Cord Injury	T037	C0037929
27514644	82	100	Spinal cord injury	T037	C0037929
27514644	102	105	SCI	T037	C0037929
27514644	137	157	severe complications	T033	C3495031
27514644	161	173	spine injury	T037	C0037937
27514644	202	218	cell necroptosis	T043	C2610958
27514644	223	230	promote	T052	C0033414
27514644	235	263	survival of residual neurons	T043	C1819944
27514644	270	273	SCI	T037	C0037929
27514644	275	300	Proteasome beta-4 subunit	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	302	307	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	378	398	cancer cell survival	T043	C0007620
27514644	403	415	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27514644	416	423	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27514644	460	465	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	483	498	associated with	T080	C0332281
27514644	499	517	neuronal apoptosis	T043	C1660771
27514644	521	538	neuroinflammation	T046	C1408627
27514644	549	554	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	571	582	necroptosis	T043	C2610958
27514644	589	592	SCI	T037	C0037929
27514644	604	608	RIP3	T116,T126	C1431910
27514644	616	633	regulatory factor	T038	C1327622
27514644	637	648	necroptosis	T043	C2610958
27514644	683	694	necroptosis	T043	C2610958
27514644	715	720	cells	T025	C0007634
27514644	725	742	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27514644	744	756	Upregulation	T044	C0041904
27514644	764	768	RIP3	T116,T126	C1431910
27514644	769	779	expression	T045	C1171362
27514644	807	826	molecular mechanism	T044	C1148560
27514644	840	860	neural tissue damage	T037	C1709216
27514644	871	874	SCI	T037	C0037929
27514644	909	943	acute spinal cord contusion injury	T037	C0433895
27514644	944	949	model	T050	C0012644
27514644	953	963	adult rats	T015	C0086893
27514644	1001	1006	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	1042	1045	SCI	T037	C0037929
27514644	1056	1061	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	1062	1072	expression	T045	C1171362
27514644	1091	1103	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27514644	1117	1123	injury	T037	C3263723
27514644	1127	1139	western blot	T059	C0949466
27514644	1144	1172	immunohistochemical staining	T059	C1318793
27514644	1174	1207	Double immunofluorescent staining	T059	C1318793
27514644	1237	1242	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	1243	1253	expression	T045	C1171362
27514644	1266	1273	neurons	T025	C0027882
27514644	1287	1300	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27514644	1304	1309	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	1310	1320	expression	T045	C1171362
27514644	1337	1358	Rip3 positive neurons	T025	C0027882
27514644	1375	1378	SCI	T037	C0037929
27514644	1401	1406	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	1438	1448	regulation	T038	C1327622
27514644	1452	1456	Rip3	T116,T126	C1431910
27514644	1458	1469	Overexpress	T045	C1514559
27514644	1484	1489	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	1510	1514	RIP3	T116,T126	C1431910
27514644	1519	1559	Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein	T116,T126	C3490778
27514644	1561	1565	MLKL	T116,T126	C3490778
27514644	1567	1574	pathway	T044	C0037080
27514644	1578	1601	Tumor necrosis factor-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27514644	1603	1608	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27514644	1618	1629	necroptosis	T043	C2610958
27514644	1698	1703	PSMB4	T116,T126	C1431020
27514644	1707	1722	associated with	T080	C0332281
27514644	1723	1727	RIP3	T116,T126	C1431910
27514644	1737	1748	necroptosis	T043	C2610958
27514644	1755	1758	SCI	T037	C0037929

27514764|t|Renoprotective Effect of Plantago Major Against Nephrotoxicity and Oxidative Stress Induced by Cisplatin
27514764|a|The aim of this study was to investigate the possible renoprotective effect of Plantago major extract against cisplatin -induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into 6 groups. The first group was the control, group 2 was treated with cisplatin (7 mg/kg, single dose), and groups 3 to 6 received cisplatin with vitamin E (100 mg/kg) and Plantago major extract at doses of 300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, and 1200 mg/kg, for 20 days. On day12, serum concentration of urea, creatinine, and potassium significantly increased and sodium concentration significantly decreased in the cisplatin group compared with the control rats. However, serum creatinine, urea, and potassium concentrations were significantly lower in all of the Plantago major groups compared to the cisplatin group. Also, there was a significant elevation in serum sodium concentration in the Plantago major 600 mg/kg group compared to the cisplatin group on day12. Injection of cisplatin caused a significant elevation in malondialdehyde concentration but a significant decrease in catalase activity and total thiol content compared to the control group. Plantago major extract at 1200 mg/kg significantly improved malondialdehyde concentration and total thiol content compared to the cisplatin group. Catalase activity with Plantago major significantly increased at all doses compared to the cisplatin group. The current study suggests that Plantago major extract and vitamin E are able to improve kidney function as well as oxidative stress in cisplatin -induced renal toxicity in the rat.
27514764	0	21	Renoprotective Effect	T201	C1527144
27514764	25	39	Plantago Major	T109,T121	C3488573
27514764	48	62	Nephrotoxicity	T037	C0599918
27514764	67	83	Oxidative Stress	T049	C0242606
27514764	95	104	Cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	159	180	renoprotective effect	T201	C1527144
27514764	184	206	Plantago major extract	T109,T121	C3488573
27514764	215	224	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	234	248	nephrotoxicity	T037	C0599918
27514764	252	256	rats	T015	C0034721
27514764	258	262	Rats	T015	C0034721
27514764	301	306	group	T078	C0441833
27514764	315	322	control	T096	C0009932
27514764	324	331	group 2	T078	C0441833
27514764	336	348	treated with	T061	C0332293
27514764	349	358	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	369	375	single	T081	C0205171
27514764	376	380	dose	T081	C0870450
27514764	387	395	groups 3	T078	C0441833
27514764	401	409	received	T061	C0332293
27514764	410	419	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	425	434	vitamin E	T109,T121,T127	C0042874
27514764	451	473	Plantago major extract	T109,T121	C3488573
27514764	477	482	doses	T081	C0870450
27514764	547	566	serum concentration	T081	C0683149
27514764	570	574	urea	T033	C0857448
27514764	576	586	creatinine	T033	C0700225
27514764	592	625	potassium significantly increased	T033	C0553704
27514764	630	674	sodium concentration significantly decreased	T033	C1559979
27514764	682	691	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	692	697	group	T078	C0441833
27514764	716	723	control	T096	C0009932
27514764	724	728	rats	T015	C0034721
27514764	739	755	serum creatinine	T033	C0428282
27514764	757	761	urea	T033	C0236032
27514764	767	816	potassium concentrations were significantly lower	T033	C0595885
27514764	831	845	Plantago major	T109,T121	C3488573
27514764	846	852	groups	T078	C0441833
27514764	869	878	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	879	884	group	T078	C0441833
27514764	916	955	elevation in serum sodium concentration	T033	C1559973
27514764	963	977	Plantago major	T109,T121	C3488573
27514764	988	993	group	T078	C0441833
27514764	1010	1019	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	1020	1025	group	T078	C0441833
27514764	1036	1045	Injection	T061	C0021485
27514764	1049	1058	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	1080	1089	elevation	T082	C0702240
27514764	1093	1122	malondialdehyde concentration	T059	C2322214
27514764	1141	1170	decrease in catalase activity	T033	C4022869
27514764	1175	1194	total thiol content	T059	C2367104
27514764	1211	1224	control group	T096	C0009932
27514764	1226	1248	Plantago major extract	T109,T121	C3488573
27514764	1277	1285	improved	T033	C0184511
27514764	1286	1315	malondialdehyde concentration	T059	C2322214
27514764	1320	1339	total thiol content	T059	C2367104
27514764	1356	1365	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	1366	1371	group	T078	C0441833
27514764	1373	1390	Catalase activity	T044	C1151515
27514764	1396	1410	Plantago major	T109,T121	C3488573
27514764	1425	1434	increased	T081	C0205217
27514764	1442	1447	doses	T081	C0870450
27514764	1464	1473	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	1474	1479	group	T078	C0441833
27514764	1513	1535	Plantago major extract	T109,T121	C3488573
27514764	1540	1549	vitamin E	T109,T121,T127	C0042874
27514764	1570	1585	kidney function	T042	C0232804
27514764	1597	1613	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27514764	1617	1626	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27514764	1636	1650	renal toxicity	T037	C0599918
27514764	1658	1661	rat	T015	C0034721

27515243|t|Argininosuccinic Acid Lyase Deficiency Missed by Newborn Screen
27515243|a|Argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASL) deficiency, caused by mutations in the ASL gene (OMIM: 608310) is a urea cycle disorder that has pleiotropic presentations. On the mild end, ASL deficiency can manifest as nonspecific neurocognitive abnormalities without readily identifiable signs to differentiate it from other causes of intellectual disability or learning disabilities. Dietary management and arginine supplementation, if initiated early, may ameliorate symptoms .Because of the nonspecific nature of the symptoms and the possibility for therapeutic management, ASL deficiency is part of the recommended uniform screening panel for newborn screening in the USA. We report here a case of ASL deficiency that was missed on newborn screening in the USA .The case reported here has two known pathogenic mutations - one with no residual activity and one with reported 10% residual activity. Review of this newborn screening results showed subtle elevation of citrulline, overlapping the normal range. These findings suggest that newborn screening may be missing other patients with ASL deficiency with at least one hypomorphic allele. This case was diagnosed incidentally, but in retrospect had symptoms best attributed in full or in part to his ASA deficiency, including protein aversion, developmental delay, and seizures. This case highlights the importance of considering ASL deficiency in patients with nonspecific abnormal neurocognitive signs, such as epilepsy and developmental delay, even when newborn screening was normal.
27515243	0	38	Argininosuccinic Acid Lyase Deficiency	T047	C0268547
27515243	39	45	Missed	T080	C1705492
27515243	49	63	Newborn Screen	T060	C0027617
27515243	64	108	Argininosuccinic acid lyase (ASL) deficiency	T047	C0268547
27515243	120	129	mutations	T045	C0026882
27515243	137	145	ASL gene	T028	C1412582
27515243	147	159	OMIM: 608310	T170	C0950133
27515243	166	176	urea cycle	T044	C0597619
27515243	177	185	disorder	T047	C0012634
27515243	195	220	pleiotropic presentations	T045	C2936488
27515243	239	253	ASL deficiency	T047	C0268547
27515243	282	310	neurocognitive abnormalities	T033	C1867987
27515243	387	410	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
27515243	414	435	learning disabilities	T048	C0751265
27515243	437	455	Dietary management	T058	C0012159
27515243	460	468	arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27515243	469	484	supplementation	T061	C1261361
27515243	510	520	ameliorate	T052	C2349975
27515243	521	529	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27515243	572	580	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27515243	605	616	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27515243	605	627	therapeutic management	T058	C1254363
27515243	629	643	ASL deficiency	T047	C0268547
27515243	671	694	uniform screening panel	T059	C1370175
27515243	699	716	newborn screening	T060	C0027617
27515243	724	727	USA	T083	C0041703
27515243	732	738	report	T170	C0684224
27515243	746	750	case	T169	C0868928
27515243	754	768	ASL deficiency	T047	C0268547
27515243	778	784	missed	T080	C1705492
27515243	788	805	newborn screening	T060	C0027617
27515243	813	816	USA	T083	C0041703
27515243	822	826	case	T169	C0868928
27515243	855	865	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27515243	866	875	mutations	T045	C0026882
27515243	887	907	no residual activity	T033	C0243095
27515243	934	951	residual activity	T033	C0243095
27515243	953	959	Review	T080	C1704362
27515243	968	985	newborn screening	T060	C0027617
27515243	986	993	results	T169	C1274040
27515243	1021	1031	citrulline	T116,T121,T123	C0008864
27515243	1049	1061	normal range	T081	C0086715
27515243	1069	1077	findings	T033	C0243095
27515243	1091	1108	newborn screening	T060	C0027617
27515243	1116	1123	missing	T080	C1705492
27515243	1130	1138	patients	T101	C0030705
27515243	1144	1158	ASL deficiency	T047	C0268547
27515243	1177	1195	hypomorphic allele	T028	C0002085
27515243	1202	1206	case	T169	C0868928
27515243	1211	1220	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27515243	1221	1233	incidentally	T169	C0444507
27515243	1257	1265	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27515243	1308	1322	ASA deficiency	T047	C0268547
27515243	1334	1350	protein aversion	T033	C2673720
27515243	1352	1371	developmental delay	T048	C0424605
27515243	1377	1385	seizures	T184	C0036572
27515243	1392	1396	case	T169	C0868928
27515243	1438	1452	ASL deficiency	T047	C0268547
27515243	1456	1464	patients	T101	C0030705
27515243	1470	1511	nonspecific abnormal neurocognitive signs	T184	C1457887
27515243	1521	1529	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27515243	1534	1553	developmental delay	T048	C0424605
27515243	1565	1582	newborn screening	T060	C0027617
27515243	1587	1593	normal	T080	C0205307

27515250|t|A sequential approach with imatinib, chemotherapy and transplant for adult Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Final results of the GIMEMA LAL 0904 study
27515250|a|In the GIMEMA LAL 0904 protocol, adult Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients were treated with chemotherapy for induction and consolidation, followed by maintenance with imatinib. The protocol was subsequently amended and imatinib was incorporated in the induction and post - remission phase together with chemotherapy. Due to the toxicity of this combined approach, the protocol was further amended to a sequential scheme based on imatinib plus steroids as induction, followed by consolidation with chemotherapy plus imatinib and, when applicable, by a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Fifty-one patients (median age: 45.9 years) were enrolled in the final sequential protocol, hereby reported. At the end of induction (day +50), 96% of evaluable patients (n=49) achieved a complete hematologic remission; after consolidation, all were in complete hematologic remission. No deaths in induction were recorded. Overall survival and disease-free survival at 60 months are 48.8% and 45.8%, respectively. At day +50 (end of the imatinib induction), a log - reduction of BCR-ABL1 levels >1.3 was associated with a significantly more prolonged disease-free survival (55.6%, C.I. 95%: 39.0-79.3 vs 20%, C.I. 95%: 5.8-69.1; p =0.03), overall survival (59.1%, C.I. 95%: 42.3-82.6 vs 20%, C.I. 95%: 5.8-69.1, p =0.02) and lower relapse incidence (20.5%, C.I. 95%: 7.2-38.6 vs 60.0%, C.I. 95%: 21.6-84.3, p =0.01). Mean BCR-ABL1 levels remained significantly higher in patients who subsequently relapsed. Finally, BCR-ABL1p190 patients showed a significantly faster molecular response than BCR-ABL1p210 patients (p =0.023). Thought the study was not powered to evaluate the role of allogeneic stem cell transplant, allografting positively impacted on overall survival and disease-free survival. A sequential approach with imatinib alone in induction, consolidated by chemotherapy plus imatinib followed by a stem cell transplant is a feasible, well-tolerated and effective strategy for adult Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia, leading to the best long-term survival rates so far reported. Trial ID: NCT00458848.
27515250	2	12	sequential	T080	C1705294
27515250	13	21	approach	T082	C0449445
27515250	27	35	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
27515250	37	49	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27515250	54	64	transplant	T033	C3841811
27515250	69	74	adult	T100	C0001675
27515250	75	107	Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C1960397
27515250	109	114	Final	T079	C3853528
27515250	115	122	results	T033	C2825142
27515250	130	151	GIMEMA LAL 0904 study	T059	C0947630
27515250	159	183	GIMEMA LAL 0904 protocol	T170	C1507394
27515250	185	190	adult	T100	C0001675
27515250	191	223	Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C1960397
27515250	224	232	patients	T101	C0030705
27515250	238	245	treated	T169	C1522326
27515250	251	263	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27515250	268	277	induction	T061	C0857127
27515250	282	295	consolidation	T061	C1511484
27515250	309	320	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27515250	326	334	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
27515250	340	348	protocol	T170	C1507394
27515250	366	373	amended	T080	C1691222
27515250	378	386	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
27515250	391	403	incorporated	T169	C0243126
27515250	411	420	induction	T061	C0857127
27515250	425	429	post	T079	C0687676
27515250	432	447	remission phase	T033	C0544452
27515250	462	474	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27515250	487	495	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27515250	504	512	combined	T080	C0205195
27515250	513	521	approach	T082	C0449445
27515250	527	535	protocol	T170	C1507394
27515250	548	555	amended	T080	C1691222
27515250	561	571	sequential	T080	C1705294
27515250	588	596	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
27515250	602	610	steroids	T109	C0038317
27515250	614	623	induction	T061	C0857127
27515250	637	650	consolidation	T061	C1511484
27515250	656	668	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27515250	674	682	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
27515250	710	744	hematopoietic stem cell transplant	T061	C0472699
27515250	756	764	patients	T101	C0030705
27515250	773	776	age	T032	C0001779
27515250	783	788	years	T079	C1510829
27515250	811	816	final	T079	C3853528
27515250	817	827	sequential	T080	C1705294
27515250	828	836	protocol	T170	C1507394
27515250	845	853	reported	T058	C0700287
27515250	869	878	induction	T061	C0857127
27515250	907	915	patients	T101	C0030705
27515250	943	964	hematologic remission	T033	C0544452
27515250	972	985	consolidation	T061	C1511484
27515250	1008	1029	hematologic remission	T033	C0544452
27515250	1034	1040	deaths	T033	C1306577
27515250	1044	1053	induction	T061	C0857127
27515250	1059	1067	recorded	T080	C2355580
27515250	1077	1085	survival	T052	C0038952
27515250	1090	1111	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
27515250	1118	1124	months	T079	C0439231
27515250	1163	1166	day	T079	C0439228
27515250	1183	1191	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
27515250	1192	1201	induction	T061	C0857127
27515250	1206	1209	log	T081	C2986775
27515250	1212	1221	reduction	T080	C0392756
27515250	1225	1233	BCR-ABL1	T116,T123	C0004891
27515250	1234	1240	levels	T080	C0441889
27515250	1250	1265	associated with	T080	C0332281
27515250	1268	1286	significantly more	T081	C4055637
27515250	1287	1296	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27515250	1297	1318	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
27515250	1327	1330	C.I	T081	C0009667
27515250	1355	1358	C.I	T081	C0009667
27515250	1375	1376	p	T081	C1709380
27515250	1385	1401	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27515250	1410	1413	C.I	T081	C0009667
27515250	1438	1441	C.I	T081	C0009667
27515250	1458	1459	p	T081	C1709380
27515250	1471	1476	lower	T080	C0205251
27515250	1477	1484	relapse	T067	C0035020
27515250	1485	1494	incidence	T081	C0021149
27515250	1503	1506	C.I	T081	C0009667
27515250	1532	1535	C.I	T081	C0009667
27515250	1553	1554	p	T081	C1709380
27515250	1568	1576	BCR-ABL1	T116,T123	C0004891
27515250	1577	1583	levels	T080	C0441889
27515250	1593	1613	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27515250	1617	1625	patients	T101	C0030705
27515250	1643	1651	relapsed	T079	C0205336
27515250	1662	1674	BCR-ABL1p190	T116,T123	C0004891
27515250	1675	1683	patients	T101	C0030705
27515250	1693	1706	significantly	T078	C0750502
27515250	1707	1713	faster	T080	C0456962
27515250	1714	1732	molecular response	T033	C4054479
27515250	1738	1750	BCR-ABL1p210	T116,T123	C0004891
27515250	1751	1759	patients	T101	C0030705
27515250	1761	1762	p	T081	C1709380
27515250	1784	1789	study	T062	C0008972
27515250	1809	1817	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27515250	1830	1861	allogeneic stem cell transplant	T061	C4255274
27515250	1863	1875	allografting	T061	C0040739
27515250	1876	1886	positively	T033	C3843166
27515250	1887	1895	impacted	T169	C0333125
27515250	1899	1915	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27515250	1920	1941	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
27515250	1945	1955	sequential	T080	C1705294
27515250	1956	1964	approach	T082	C0449445
27515250	1970	1978	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
27515250	1988	1997	induction	T061	C0857127
27515250	1999	2011	consolidated	T061	C1511484
27515250	2015	2027	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27515250	2033	2041	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
27515250	2056	2076	stem cell transplant	T061	C1504389
27515250	2111	2120	effective	T080	C1704419
27515250	2121	2129	strategy	T169	C0449851
27515250	2134	2139	adult	T100	C0001675
27515250	2140	2172	Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C1960397
27515250	2194	2203	long-term	T079	C0443252
27515250	2204	2218	survival rates	T081	C0038954
27515250	2226	2234	reported	T058	C0700287

27515303|t|Anatomic variations of levator scapulae in a normal cohort: an MRI study
27515303|a|Accessory attachments of the levator scapulae (LS) muscle have been described in the literature in previous cadaveric studies, but there is little knowledge about the incidence and distribution. Knowledge of LS accessory attachments is relevant to clinicians working in the fields of radiology, surgery, neurology, and musculoskeletal medicine. The purpose of this study was to explore the incidence and spectrum of LS caudal accessory attachments in vivo using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in a young cohort. MR images of the cervical spine were obtained from 37 subjects (13 males and 24 females) aged 18-36 years using an axial T1-weighted spin echo sequence acquired from a 3-Tesla MR scanner. The LS muscle was identified, and the presence of caudal accessory attachments was recorded and described. LS caudal accessory attachments were identified in 16 subjects (4 right, 6 left, and 6 bilateral; 12 female). Ten had unilateral accessory attachments to the serratus anterior, serratus posterior superior or the first/second rib. Four had bilateral accessory attachments to serratus anterior. One had bilateral accessory attachments to serratus posterior superior and unilateral accessory attachment to serratus anterior. One had bilateral attachments to both muscles. Both unilateral and bilateral LS caudal accessory attachments were present in nearly half of the subjects examined. They were relatively more frequent in females than males. The findings indicate that these accessory attachments are common, and in some cases, those accessory attachments can occur bilaterally and to more than one site.
27515303	0	19	Anatomic variations	T070	C3494476
27515303	23	39	levator scapulae	T023	C0224368
27515303	45	51	normal	T080	C0205307
27515303	52	58	cohort	T098	C0599755
27515303	63	72	MRI study	T060	C3515983
27515303	73	94	Accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	102	130	levator scapulae (LS) muscle	T023	C0224368
27515303	141	150	described	T078	C1552738
27515303	158	168	literature	T170	C0023866
27515303	172	180	previous	T079	C0205156
27515303	181	190	cadaveric	T017	C0006629
27515303	191	198	studies	T062	C2603343
27515303	213	219	little	T081	C0700321
27515303	220	229	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27515303	240	249	incidence	T081	C0021149
27515303	254	266	distribution	T169	C1704711
27515303	268	277	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
27515303	281	283	LS	T023	C0224368
27515303	284	305	accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	309	317	relevant	T080	C2347946
27515303	321	331	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27515303	332	339	working	T057	C0043227
27515303	347	353	fields	T077	C2346620
27515303	357	366	radiology	T091	C0034599
27515303	368	375	surgery	T091	C0038894
27515303	377	386	neurology	T091	C0027855
27515303	392	407	musculoskeletal	T169	C0497254
27515303	408	416	medicine	T091	C0025118
27515303	438	443	study	T062	C2603343
27515303	463	472	incidence	T081	C0021149
27515303	489	491	LS	T023	C0224368
27515303	492	498	caudal	T029	C0205097
27515303	499	520	accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	521	528	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27515303	529	534	using	T169	C1524063
27515303	535	566	magnetic resonance (MR) imaging	T060	C0024485
27515303	572	577	young	T079	C0332239
27515303	578	584	cohort	T098	C0599755
27515303	586	588	MR	T060	C0024485
27515303	589	595	images	T170	C1704254
27515303	603	617	cervical spine	T023	C0728985
27515303	623	631	obtained	T169	C1301820
27515303	640	648	subjects	T169	C1550501
27515303	653	658	males	T032	C0086582
27515303	666	673	females	T032	C0086287
27515303	675	679	aged	T032	C0001779
27515303	686	691	years	T079	C0439234
27515303	701	737	axial T1-weighted spin echo sequence	T169	C1519249
27515303	754	772	3-Tesla MR scanner	T060	C2985394
27515303	778	787	LS muscle	T023	C0224368
27515303	792	802	identified	T080	C0205396
27515303	812	820	presence	T033	C0150312
27515303	824	830	caudal	T029	C0205097
27515303	831	852	accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	870	879	described	T078	C1552738
27515303	881	883	LS	T023	C0224368
27515303	884	890	caudal	T029	C0205097
27515303	891	912	accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	918	928	identified	T080	C0205396
27515303	935	943	subjects	T169	C1550501
27515303	947	952	right	T082	C0205090
27515303	956	960	left	T082	C0205091
27515303	968	977	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27515303	982	988	female	T098	C0043210
27515303	999	1009	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27515303	1010	1031	accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	1039	1056	serratus anterior	T023	C0224349
27515303	1058	1085	serratus posterior superior	T023	C0224371
27515303	1106	1109	rib	T023	C0035561
27515303	1120	1129	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27515303	1130	1151	accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	1155	1172	serratus anterior	T023	C0224349
27515303	1182	1191	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27515303	1192	1213	accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	1217	1244	serratus posterior superior	T023	C0224371
27515303	1249	1259	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27515303	1260	1280	accessory attachment	T074	C0492275
27515303	1284	1301	serratus anterior	T023	C0224349
27515303	1311	1320	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27515303	1321	1332	attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	1336	1340	both	T080	C1706086
27515303	1341	1348	muscles	T024	C0026845
27515303	1350	1354	Both	T080	C1706086
27515303	1355	1365	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27515303	1370	1379	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27515303	1380	1382	LS	T023	C0224368
27515303	1383	1389	caudal	T029	C0205097
27515303	1390	1411	accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	1417	1424	present	T033	C0150312
27515303	1435	1439	half	T081	C2825407
27515303	1447	1455	subjects	T169	C1550501
27515303	1456	1464	examined	T033	C0332128
27515303	1492	1500	frequent	T079	C0332183
27515303	1504	1511	females	T098	C0043210
27515303	1517	1522	males	T098	C0025266
27515303	1528	1536	findings	T033	C0243095
27515303	1537	1545	indicate	T033	C1444656
27515303	1557	1578	accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	1583	1589	common	T081	C0205214
27515303	1598	1602	some	T081	C0205392
27515303	1603	1608	cases	T169	C0868928
27515303	1616	1637	accessory attachments	T074	C0492275
27515303	1648	1659	bilaterally	T082	C0238767
27515303	1667	1676	more than	T081	C0439093
27515303	1677	1680	one	T081	C0205447
27515303	1681	1685	site	T082	C0205145

27515307|t|Progestin suppressed inflammation and cell viability of tumor necrosis factor-α -stimulated endometriotic stromal cells
27515307|a|Endometriosis is an estrogen - dependent inflammatory disease. Progestins are a first-line treatment for endometriosis via activation of pituitary progesterone receptors and suppression of systemic estrogen: a less than optimal treatment. Increasing evidence is beginning to show that progestins may also influence local endometriotic cells, which may contribute to their clinical efficacy. Endometrial stromal cells (ESC) isolated from women with endometriosis were cultured with TNF-α to simulate an inflammatory environment. ESC were treated with the progestins, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), norethisterone acetate (NETA), or dienogest (DNG) and cytokine mRNA production, protein secretion, and cell viability measured. DNG, NETA, and MPA suppressed the secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 from ESC. DNG and NETA only reduced the TNF-α -stimulated mRNA production. All three progestins suppressed TNF-α -stimulated ESC proliferation. Progestins may influence endometriotic stromal cells altering the inflammatory microenvironment and their clinical efficacy.
27515307	0	9	Progestin	T109,T121,T125	C0033306
27515307	10	33	suppressed inflammation	T080	C1515999
27515307	38	52	cell viability	T043	C1516362
27515307	56	79	tumor necrosis factor-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27515307	92	105	endometriotic	T047	C0014175
27515307	106	119	stromal cells	T025	C0162597
27515307	120	133	Endometriosis	T047	C0014175
27515307	140	148	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27515307	151	160	dependent	T080	C0851827
27515307	161	181	inflammatory disease	T047	C1290884
27515307	183	193	Progestins	T109,T121,T125	C0033306
27515307	200	220	first-line treatment	T061	C1708063
27515307	225	238	endometriosis	T047	C0014175
27515307	243	253	activation	T052	C1879547
27515307	257	289	pituitary progesterone receptors	T116,T192	C0034833
27515307	294	326	suppression of systemic estrogen	T061	C1535931
27515307	340	357	optimal treatment	T061	C0087111
27515307	405	415	progestins	T109,T121,T125	C0033306
27515307	425	434	influence	T077	C4054723
27515307	441	454	endometriotic	T047	C0014175
27515307	455	460	cells	T025	C0597032
27515307	492	509	clinical efficacy	T080	C3850123
27515307	511	522	Endometrial	T023	C0014180
27515307	523	536	stromal cells	T025	C0162597
27515307	538	541	ESC	T025	C0162597
27515307	557	562	women	T098	C0043210
27515307	568	581	endometriosis	T047	C0014175
27515307	587	595	cultured	T059	C1331092
27515307	601	606	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27515307	622	634	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27515307	635	646	environment	T082	C0014406
27515307	648	651	ESC	T025	C0162597
27515307	674	684	progestins	T109,T121,T125	C0033306
27515307	686	713	medroxyprogesterone acetate	T109,T121,T125	C0065864
27515307	715	718	MPA	T109,T121,T125	C0065864
27515307	721	743	norethisterone acetate	T109,T121,T125	C0068980
27515307	745	749	NETA	T109,T121,T125	C0068980
27515307	755	764	dienogest	T109,T121,T125	C0057916
27515307	766	769	DNG	T109,T121,T125	C0057916
27515307	775	783	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27515307	784	799	mRNA production	T045	C1158816
27515307	801	818	protein secretion	T043	C1159339
27515307	824	847	cell viability measured	T062	C2986858
27515307	849	852	DNG	T109,T121,T125	C0057916
27515307	854	858	NETA	T109,T121,T125	C0068980
27515307	864	867	MPA	T109,T121,T125	C0065864
27515307	883	907	secretion of interleukin	T043	C3155041
27515307	908	914	(IL)-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27515307	916	920	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
27515307	926	962	monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27515307	968	971	ESC	T025	C0162597
27515307	973	976	DNG	T109,T121,T125	C0057916
27515307	981	985	NETA	T109,T121,T125	C0068980
27515307	1003	1008	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27515307	1021	1036	mRNA production	T045	C1158816
27515307	1048	1058	progestins	T109,T121,T125	C0033306
27515307	1070	1075	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27515307	1088	1105	ESC proliferation	T043	C0596290
27515307	1107	1117	Progestins	T109,T121,T125	C0033306
27515307	1132	1145	endometriotic	T047	C0014175
27515307	1146	1159	stromal cells	T025	C0162597
27515307	1160	1202	altering the inflammatory microenvironment	T033	C0243095
27515307	1213	1230	clinical efficacy	T080	C3850123

27515404|t|Effect of primary health care reforms in Turkey on health service utilization and user satisfaction
27515404|a|Strengthening primary health care (PHC) is considered a priority for efficient and responsive health systems, but empirical evidence from low- and middle- income countries is limited. The stepwise introduction of family medicine across all 81 provinces of Turkey (a middle-income country) between 2005 and 2010, aimed at PHC strengthening, presents a natural experiment for assessing the effect of family medicine on health service utilization and user satisfaction .The effect of health system reforms, that introduced family medicine, on utilization was assessed using longitudinal, province-level data for 12 years and multivariate regression models adjusting for supply-side variables, demographics, socio-economic development and underlying yearly trends. User satisfaction with primary and secondary care services was explored using data from annual Life Satisfaction Surveys. Trends in preferred first point of contact (primary vs secondary, public vs. private), reason for choice and health services issues, were described and stratified by patient characteristics, provider type, and rural/urban settings .Between 2002 and 2013, the average number of PHC consultations increased from 1.75 to 2.83 per person per year. In multivariate models, family medicine introduction was associated with an increase of 0.37 PHC consultations per person (P < 0.001), and slower annual growth in PHC and secondary care consultations. Following family medicine introduction, the growth of PHC and secondary care consultations per person was 0.08 and 0.30, respectively, a year. PHC increased as preferred provider by 9.5% over 7 years with the reasons of proximity and service satisfaction, which increased by 14.9% and 11.8%, respectively. Reporting of poor facility hygiene, difficulty getting an appointment, poor physician behaviour and high costs of health care all declined (P < 0.001) in PHC settings, but remained higher among urban, low-income and working-age populations.
27515404	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27515404	10	29	primary health care	T058	C0033137
27515404	30	37	reforms	T077	C2986411
27515404	41	47	Turkey	T083	C0041400
27515404	51	77	health service utilization	T058	C0030672
27515404	82	99	user satisfaction	T033	C3650764
27515404	100	113	Strengthening	T080	C1704419
27515404	114	133	primary health care	T058	C0033137
27515404	135	138	PHC	T058	C0033137
27515404	169	178	efficient	T080	C0442799
27515404	183	193	responsive	T169	C0205342
27515404	194	208	health systems	T093	C0018696
27515404	214	223	empirical	T080	C1880496
27515404	224	232	evidence	T078	C3887511
27515404	255	261	income	T081	C0021162
27515404	262	271	countries	T083	C0454664
27515404	275	282	limited	T169	C0439801
27515404	288	309	stepwise introduction	T061	C1293116
27515404	313	328	family medicine	T091	C0015607
27515404	343	352	provinces	T083	C1514578
27515404	356	362	Turkey	T083	C0041400
27515404	366	379	middle-income	T080	C0870890
27515404	380	387	country	T083	C0454664
27515404	421	424	PHC	T058	C0033137
27515404	425	438	strengthening	T080	C1704419
27515404	451	469	natural experiment	T062	C0681814
27515404	474	483	assessing	T052	C1516048
27515404	488	494	effect	T080	C1280500
27515404	498	513	family medicine	T091	C0015607
27515404	517	543	health service utilization	T058	C0030672
27515404	548	565	user satisfaction	T033	C3650764
27515404	571	577	effect	T080	C1280500
27515404	581	594	health system	T093	C0018696
27515404	595	602	reforms	T077	C2986411
27515404	620	635	family medicine	T091	C0015607
27515404	640	651	utilization	T169	C0042153
27515404	656	664	assessed	T052	C1516048
27515404	671	683	longitudinal	T062	C0023981
27515404	685	704	province-level data	T062	C0035168
27515404	712	717	years	T079	C0439234
27515404	722	752	multivariate regression models	T075	C0026336
27515404	767	788	supply-side variables	T080	C0439828
27515404	790	802	demographics	UnknownType	C0681669
27515404	804	830	socio-economic development	T080	C0086996
27515404	846	852	yearly	T079	C0439234
27515404	853	859	trends	T079	C0040833
27515404	861	878	User satisfaction	T033	C3650764
27515404	884	891	primary	T058	C0033137
27515404	896	910	secondary care	T058	C3494402
27515404	911	919	services	T058	C0018747
27515404	939	943	data	T078	C1511726
27515404	949	981	annual Life Satisfaction Surveys	T170	C0038951
27515404	983	989	Trends	T079	C0040833
27515404	1018	1025	contact	T169	C0332158
27515404	1027	1034	primary	T058	C0033137
27515404	1038	1047	secondary	T058	C3494402
27515404	1049	1055	public	T073,T093	C0020022
27515404	1060	1067	private	T073,T093	C0033173
27515404	1070	1087	reason for choice	T055	C0008300
27515404	1092	1107	health services	T058	C0018747
27515404	1108	1114	issues	UnknownType	C0744349
27515404	1121	1130	described	T078	C1552738
27515404	1135	1145	stratified	T080	C0205363
27515404	1149	1172	patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27515404	1174	1187	provider type	T201	C2706153
27515404	1193	1213	rural/urban settings	T083	C0017446
27515404	1242	1256	average number	T081	C0449788
27515404	1260	1263	PHC	T058	C0033137
27515404	1264	1277	consultations	T058	C0009818
27515404	1278	1287	increased	T081	C0205217
27515404	1310	1316	person	T098	C0027361
27515404	1321	1325	year	T079	C0439234
27515404	1330	1349	multivariate models	T075	C0026336
27515404	1351	1366	family medicine	T091	C0015607
27515404	1367	1379	introduction	T061	C1293116
27515404	1384	1399	associated with	T080	C0332281
27515404	1403	1411	increase	T169	C0442805
27515404	1420	1423	PHC	T058	C0033137
27515404	1424	1437	consultations	T058	C0009818
27515404	1442	1448	person	T098	C0027361
27515404	1466	1472	slower	T080	C0439834
27515404	1473	1486	annual growth	T067	C2911660
27515404	1490	1493	PHC	T058	C0033137
27515404	1498	1512	secondary care	T058	C3494402
27515404	1513	1526	consultations	T058	C0009818
27515404	1538	1553	family medicine	T091	C0015607
27515404	1554	1566	introduction	T061	C1293116
27515404	1572	1578	growth	T067	C2911660
27515404	1582	1585	PHC	T058	C0033137
27515404	1590	1604	secondary care	T058	C3494402
27515404	1605	1618	consultations	T058	C0009818
27515404	1623	1629	person	T098	C0027361
27515404	1665	1669	year	T079	C0439234
27515404	1671	1674	PHC	T058	C0033137
27515404	1675	1684	increased	T081	C0205217
27515404	1698	1706	provider	T201	C2706153
27515404	1722	1727	years	T079	C0439234
27515404	1748	1757	proximity	T082	C1514583
27515404	1762	1782	service satisfaction	T033	C3650764
27515404	1790	1799	increased	T081	C0205217
27515404	1834	1843	Reporting	T058	C0700287
27515404	1847	1868	poor facility hygiene	T033	C0745076
27515404	1870	1903	difficulty getting an appointment	T033	C1822076
27515404	1905	1909	poor	T080	C2700379
27515404	1910	1919	physician	T097	C0031831
27515404	1920	1929	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27515404	1934	1938	high	T080	C0205250
27515404	1939	1959	costs of health care	T081	C0085552
27515404	1964	1972	declined	T080	C1511741
27515404	1988	1991	PHC	T058	C0033137
27515404	1992	2000	settings	T083	C0017446
27515404	2015	2021	higher	T080	C0205250
27515404	2028	2033	urban	T080	C2700386
27515404	2035	2045	low-income	T033	C1331016
27515404	2050	2061	working-age	T032	C0001779
27515404	2062	2073	populations	T098	C1257890

27515772|t|Laparoscopic radical lymph node dissection for advanced colon cancer close to the hepatic flexure
27515772|a|Complete mesocolic excision is currently recognized as a standard procedure for colon cancer. Gastroepiploic, infrapyloric, and superficial pancreatic head lymph node metastases in the gastrocolic ligament have been reported for colon cancer close to the hepatic flexure. We sought to investigate metastases in the gastrocolic ligament in colon cancer close to the hepatic flexure. This was a single-center retrospective study. All patients with T2 or deeper invasive colon cancer in the relevant tumor location who underwent laparoscopic right hemicolectomy or extended right hemicolectomy at our institution between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2015 were included. Lymph node dissection in the gastrocolic ligament was performed in 35 cases. Complications occurred in 11 patients (31%) and were grades I and II according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Lymph node metastases in the gastrocolic ligament were found in only three patients (9%). Each metastasis was larger than 9 mm. Metastases in the gastrocolic ligament occurred in 9% of patients with T2 or deeper invasive colon cancer close to the hepatic flexure. Laparoscopy was feasible and useful during gastrocolic ligament resection. This study included a small sample and lacked an extended follow-up. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of this finding, particularly in terms of recurrence and long-term survival.
27515772	0	12	Laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
27515772	13	42	radical lymph node dissection	T061	C0193854
27515772	47	68	advanced colon cancer	T191	C4016406
27515772	82	97	hepatic flexure	T029	C0227385
27515772	98	125	Complete mesocolic excision	T061	C0728940
27515772	155	173	standard procedure	T061	C0184661
27515772	178	190	colon cancer	T191	C0699790
27515772	192	206	Gastroepiploic	T023	C0447070
27515772	208	220	infrapyloric	T023	C0229779
27515772	226	264	superficial pancreatic head lymph node	T023	C0229783
27515772	265	275	metastases	T191	C0024232
27515772	283	303	gastrocolic ligament	T023	C0230229
27515772	327	339	colon cancer	T191	C0699790
27515772	353	368	hepatic flexure	T029	C0227385
27515772	395	405	metastases	T191	C0024232
27515772	413	433	gastrocolic ligament	T023	C0230229
27515772	437	449	colon cancer	T191	C0699790
27515772	463	478	hepatic flexure	T029	C0227385
27515772	491	524	single-center retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27515772	530	538	patients	T101	C0030705
27515772	544	546	T2	T033	C0475373
27515772	557	565	invasive	T080	C0205281
27515772	566	578	colon cancer	T191	C0699790
27515772	595	609	tumor location	T082	C3897292
27515772	624	656	laparoscopic right hemicolectomy	T061	C0585464
27515772	660	688	extended right hemicolectomy	T061	C0400043
27515772	696	707	institution	T073,T093	C0018704
27515772	718	723	April	T079	C3715024
27515772	736	741	March	T079	C3829202
27515772	762	783	Lymph node dissection	T061	C0242382
27515772	791	811	gastrocolic ligament	T023	C0230229
27515772	839	852	Complications	T046	C0009566
27515772	868	876	patients	T101	C0030705
27515772	925	953	Clavien-Dindo classification	T185	C4055231
27515772	955	976	Lymph node metastases	T191	C0024232
27515772	984	1004	gastrocolic ligament	T023	C0230229
27515772	1030	1038	patients	T101	C0030705
27515772	1050	1060	metastasis	T191	C0024232
27515772	1079	1081	mm	T081	C0439200
27515772	1083	1093	Metastases	T191	C0024232
27515772	1101	1121	gastrocolic ligament	T023	C0230229
27515772	1140	1148	patients	T101	C0030705
27515772	1154	1156	T2	T033	C0475373
27515772	1167	1175	invasive	T080	C0205281
27515772	1176	1188	colon cancer	T191	C0699790
27515772	1202	1217	hepatic flexure	T029	C0227385
27515772	1219	1230	Laparoscopy	T061	C1883297
27515772	1262	1292	gastrocolic ligament resection	T061	C0728940
27515772	1299	1304	study	T062	C2603343
27515772	1322	1328	sample	T167	C0370003
27515772	1343	1351	extended	T082	C0231449
27515772	1352	1361	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27515772	1371	1378	studies	T062	C2603343
27515772	1407	1425	clinical relevance	T080	C2347946
27515772	1434	1441	finding	T033	C0243095
27515772	1468	1478	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27515772	1483	1492	long-term	T079	C0443252
27515772	1493	1501	survival	T052	C0038952

27515958|t|Gut Microbiota and Alcoholic Liver Disease
27515958|a|The gut-liver axis model has often explained liver disease physiopathology. Among the latter we can mention Non-Alcoholic Liver Steatosis (NAFLD), Liver Steatohepatitis (NASH), liver cirrhosis. In this frame an altered Intestinal Permeability (IP) is the gate for antigenic / toxic substances from gut lumen until target organs such as liver in NAFLD. Altered intestinal permeability was discovered almost forty years ago as consequence of acute and chronic alcohol ingestion. Alcohol Liver Disease (ALD) is a systemic pathology whose beginning and end belong to the intestine. Several recent evidences from the literature show how gut microbiota composition can be altered by alcohol, affects IP and can be modulated by several nonpharmacological and pharmacological agents, becoming the target for ALD treatment. In this review we describe the definition of ALD, gut microbiota composition in healthy and ALD, definition and role of IP in ALD physiopathology and emerging evidences on gut microbiota modulation in ALD treatment from preliminary clinical and non-clinical studies.
27515958	0	14	Gut Microbiota	T001	C4018878
27515958	19	42	Alcoholic Liver Disease	T047	C0023896
27515958	47	67	gut-liver axis model	T075	C0026339
27515958	88	101	liver disease	T047	C0023895
27515958	102	117	physiopathology	T169	C0031847
27515958	151	180	Non-Alcoholic Liver Steatosis	T047	C0400966
27515958	182	187	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27515958	190	211	Liver Steatohepatitis	T047	C3241937
27515958	213	217	NASH	T047	C3241937
27515958	220	235	liver cirrhosis	T047	C0023890
27515958	262	285	Intestinal Permeability	T042	C0232645
27515958	287	289	IP	T042	C0232645
27515958	307	316	antigenic	T129	C0003320
27515958	319	335	toxic substances	T131	C0444631
27515958	341	350	gut lumen	T030	C0836213
27515958	357	370	target organs	T082	C0807185
27515958	379	384	liver	T023	C0023884
27515958	388	393	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27515958	403	426	intestinal permeability	T042	C0232645
27515958	483	518	acute and chronic alcohol ingestion	T055	C0001948
27515958	520	541	Alcohol Liver Disease	T047	C0023896
27515958	543	546	ALD	T047	C0023896
27515958	553	571	systemic pathology	T169	C0205469
27515958	610	619	intestine	T023	C0021853
27515958	655	665	literature	T170	C0023866
27515958	675	689	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
27515958	690	701	composition	T201	C0486616
27515958	709	727	altered by alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
27515958	737	739	IP	T042	C0232645
27515958	751	760	modulated	T082	C0443264
27515958	772	790	nonpharmacological	T167	C0439861
27515958	795	817	pharmacological agents	T121	C1254351
27515958	843	846	ALD	T047	C0023896
27515958	847	856	treatment	T061	C0087111
27515958	903	906	ALD	T047	C0023896
27515958	908	922	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
27515958	923	934	composition	T201	C0486616
27515958	938	945	healthy	T080	C3898900
27515958	950	953	ALD	T047	C0023896
27515958	978	980	IP	T042	C0232645
27515958	984	987	ALD	T047	C0023896
27515958	988	1003	physiopathology	T169	C0031847
27515958	1030	1044	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
27515958	1045	1055	modulation	T082	C0443264
27515958	1059	1062	ALD	T047	C0023896
27515958	1063	1072	treatment	T061	C0087111
27515958	1078	1098	preliminary clinical	T062	C0008972
27515958	1103	1123	non-clinical studies	T062	C2603343

27516217|t|Chronic exposure to haloperidol and olanzapine leads to common and divergent shape changes in the rat hippocampus in the absence of grey-matter volume loss
27516217|a|One of the most consistently reported brain abnormalities in schizophrenia (SCZ) is decreased volume and shape deformation of the hippocampus. However, the potential contribution of chronic antipsychotic medication exposure to these phenomena remains unclear. We examined the effect of chronic exposure (8 weeks) to clinically relevant doses of either haloperidol (HAL) or olanzapine (OLZ) on adult rat hippocampal volume and shape using ex vivo structural MRI with the brain retained inside the cranium to prevent distortions due to dissection, followed by tensor-based morphometry (TBM) and elastic surface-based shape deformation analysis. The volume of the hippocampus was also measured post-mortem from brain tissue sections in each group. Chronic exposure to either HAL or OLZ had no effect on the volume of the hippocampus, even at exploratory thresholds, which was confirmed post-mortem. In contrast, shape deformation analysis revealed that chronic HAL and OLZ exposure lead to both common and divergent shape deformations (q = 0.05, FDR-corrected) in the rat hippocampus. In particular, in the dorsal hippocampus, HAL exposure led to inward shape deformation, whereas OLZ exposure led to outward shape deformation. Interestingly, outward shape deformations that were common to both drugs occurred in the ventral hippocampus. These effects remained significant after controlling for hippocampal volume suggesting true shape changes. Chronic exposure to either HAL or OLZ leads to both common and divergent effects on rat hippocampal shape in the absence of volume change. The implications of these findings for the clinic are discussed.
27516217	0	19	Chronic exposure to	T033	C0743284
27516217	20	31	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27516217	36	46	olanzapine	T109,T121	C0171023
27516217	77	90	shape changes	T033	C1562006
27516217	98	101	rat	T015	C0034693
27516217	102	113	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27516217	132	143	grey-matter	T024	C0018220
27516217	144	155	volume loss	T169	C0205245
27516217	194	213	brain abnormalities	T190	C4021085
27516217	217	230	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27516217	232	235	SCZ	T048	C0036341
27516217	250	278	volume and shape deformation	T033	C1562006
27516217	286	297	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27516217	338	370	chronic antipsychotic medication	T121	C0040615
27516217	371	379	exposure	T033	C0743284
27516217	442	458	chronic exposure	T033	C0743284
27516217	483	497	relevant doses	T081	C0178602
27516217	508	519	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27516217	521	524	HAL	T109,T121	C0018546
27516217	529	539	olanzapine	T109,T121	C0171023
27516217	541	544	OLZ	T109,T121	C0171023
27516217	555	558	rat	T015	C0034693
27516217	559	570	hippocampal	T029	C3496509
27516217	571	587	volume and shape	T033	C0243095
27516217	594	601	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27516217	602	616	structural MRI	T060	C0024485
27516217	626	659	brain retained inside the cranium	T023	C0037303
27516217	671	682	distortions	T190	C0332482
27516217	690	700	dissection	T061	C0012737
27516217	714	738	tensor-based morphometry	T059	C0200760
27516217	740	743	TBM	T059	C0200760
27516217	749	797	elastic surface-based shape deformation analysis	T062	C0936012
27516217	817	828	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27516217	847	858	post-mortem	T060	C0004398
27516217	864	876	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
27516217	901	917	Chronic exposure	T033	C0743284
27516217	928	931	HAL	T109,T121	C0018546
27516217	935	938	OLZ	T109,T121	C0171023
27516217	974	985	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27516217	995	1017	exploratory thresholds	T060	C0430009
27516217	1039	1050	post-mortem	T060	C0004398
27516217	1065	1091	shape deformation analysis	T062	C0936012
27516217	1114	1117	HAL	T109,T121	C0018546
27516217	1122	1125	OLZ	T109,T121	C0171023
27516217	1126	1134	exposure	T033	C0743284
27516217	1159	1187	divergent shape deformations	T033	C1562006
27516217	1221	1224	rat	T015	C0034693
27516217	1225	1236	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27516217	1260	1278	dorsal hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27516217	1280	1283	HAL	T109,T121	C0018546
27516217	1284	1292	exposure	T033	C0743284
27516217	1300	1324	inward shape deformation	T033	C1562006
27516217	1334	1337	OLZ	T109,T121	C0171023
27516217	1338	1346	exposure	T033	C0743284
27516217	1354	1379	outward shape deformation	T033	C1562006
27516217	1396	1422	outward shape deformations	T033	C1562006
27516217	1448	1453	drugs	T121	C0013227
27516217	1470	1489	ventral hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27516217	1548	1559	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27516217	1583	1596	shape changes	T033	C1562006
27516217	1598	1614	Chronic exposure	T033	C0743284
27516217	1625	1628	HAL	T109,T121	C0018546
27516217	1632	1635	OLZ	T109,T121	C0171023
27516217	1682	1685	rat	T015	C0034693
27516217	1686	1703	hippocampal shape	T023	C0175202

27516253|t|Chitosan grafted monomethyl fumaric acid as a potential food preservative
27516253|a|The present study aims at in vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activity evaluation of chitosan modified with monomethyl fumaric acid (MFA) using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) as mediator. Three different kinds of chitosan derivatives Ch-Ds-1, Ch-Ds-2 and Ch-Ds-3 were synthesized by feeding different concentration of MFA. The chemical structures of resulting materials were characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, HR-XRD, FT-IR and TNBS assay. The results showed that Ch-Ds-1, Ch-Ds-2 and Ch-Ds-3 were successfully synthesized. The % amino groups of chitosan modified by MFA were evaluated by TNBS assay and ranging from 1.82±0.05% to 7.88±0.04%. All the chitosan derivatives are readily soluble in water and swelled by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), toluene and dimethyl formamide (DMF). The antioxidant activity for all the chitosan derivatives have been significantly improved (P<0.05) compared to the chitosan. Upon antibacterial activity at pH 4.0, all the chitosan derivatives showed significant (P<0.05) antibacterial activity against Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes strains and Gram negative Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis strains compared to chitosan. In conclusion, MFA modified chitosan has shown enhanced activities along with solubility, and could be used as a novel food preservative and packaging material for long time food safety and security.
27516253	0	8	Chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27516253	9	16	grafted	T169	C0392747
27516253	17	40	monomethyl fumaric acid	T109,T121	C0060825
27516253	56	73	food preservative	T120	C0016485
27516253	86	91	study	T062	C2603343
27516253	100	108	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27516253	109	122	antibacterial	T052	C0441655
27516253	127	147	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
27516253	162	170	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27516253	171	179	modified	T169	C0392747
27516253	185	208	monomethyl fumaric acid	T109,T121	C0060825
27516253	210	213	MFA	T109,T121	C0060825
27516253	221	267	1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide	T109,T130	C0015073
27516253	269	272	EDC	T109,T130	C0015073
27516253	277	285	mediator	T067	C0175921
27516253	312	320	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27516253	321	332	derivatives	T104	C0002776
27516253	333	340	Ch-Ds-1	T104	C0002776
27516253	342	349	Ch-Ds-2	T104	C0002776
27516253	354	361	Ch-Ds-3	T104	C0002776
27516253	367	378	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27516253	400	413	concentration	T081	C1446561
27516253	417	420	MFA	T109,T121	C0060825
27516253	426	445	chemical structures	T170	C0220807
27516253	459	468	materials	T104	C0002776
27516253	491	499	(1)H NMR	T060	C3850001
27516253	501	510	(13)C NMR	T060	C3850003
27516253	512	518	HR-XRD	T059	C0043301
27516253	520	525	FT-IR	T062	C0206055
27516253	530	540	TNBS assay	T059	C1510438
27516253	566	573	Ch-Ds-1	T104	C0002776
27516253	575	582	Ch-Ds-2	T104	C0002776
27516253	587	594	Ch-Ds-3	T104	C0002776
27516253	613	624	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27516253	632	644	amino groups	T197	C0596072
27516253	648	656	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27516253	657	665	modified	T169	C0392747
27516253	669	672	MFA	T109,T121	C0060825
27516253	691	701	TNBS assay	T059	C1510438
27516253	753	761	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27516253	762	773	derivatives	T104	C0002776
27516253	786	802	soluble in water	T081	C0597682
27516253	807	814	swelled	T033	C0038999
27516253	818	836	dimethyl sulfoxide	T109,T121	C0012403
27516253	838	842	DMSO	T109,T121	C0012403
27516253	845	852	toluene	T109	C0040383
27516253	857	875	dimethyl formamide	T109,T130	C0012426
27516253	877	880	DMF	T109,T130	C0012426
27516253	887	907	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
27516253	920	928	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27516253	929	940	derivatives	T104	C0002776
27516253	965	973	improved	T033	C0184511
27516253	983	991	compared	T052	C1707455
27516253	999	1007	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27516253	1014	1036	antibacterial activity	T052	C0441655
27516253	1040	1042	pH	T081	C0020283
27516253	1056	1064	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27516253	1065	1076	derivatives	T104	C0002776
27516253	1105	1127	antibacterial activity	T052	C0441655
27516253	1136	1149	Gram positive	T007	C0018154
27516253	1150	1171	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27516253	1173	1203	Listeria monocytogenes strains	T007	C0023861
27516253	1208	1221	Gram negative	T007	C0018150
27516253	1222	1238	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27516253	1243	1273	Salmonella enteritidis strains	T007	C0036111
27516253	1274	1282	compared	T052	C1707455
27516253	1286	1294	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27516253	1311	1314	MFA	T109,T121	C0060825
27516253	1315	1323	modified	T169	C0392747
27516253	1324	1332	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27516253	1352	1362	activities	T052	C0441655
27516253	1374	1384	solubility	T081	C0597682
27516253	1415	1432	food preservative	T120	C0016485
27516253	1437	1455	packaging material	T073	C0178791
27516253	1470	1481	food safety	T057	C1456535
27516253	1486	1494	security	T080	C3178753

27516254|t|Shear and extensional properties of kefiran
27516254|a|Kefiran is a neutral polysaccharide constituted by glucose and galactose produced by Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens. It is included into kefir grains and has several health promoting properties. In the present work, shear and extensional properties of different kefiran aqueous dispersions (0.5, 1 and 2% wt.) were assessed and compared to other neutral gums commonly used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutics industries (methylcellulose, locust bean gum and guar gum). Kefiran showed shear flow characteristics similar to that displayed by other representative neutral gums, although it always yielded lower viscosities at a given concentration. For each gum system it was possible to find a correlation between dynamic and steady shear properties by a master curve including both the apparent and complex viscosities. When studying extensional properties of selected gums at 2% wt. by means of a capillary break-up rheometer, kefiran solutions did not show important extensional properties, displaying a behaviour close the Newtonian.
27516254	0	5	Shear	T070	C1254365
27516254	10	32	extensional properties	T070	C1254365
27516254	36	43	kefiran	T109,T121	C0628688
27516254	44	51	Kefiran	T109,T121	C0628688
27516254	57	79	neutral polysaccharide	T109,T121	C0032594
27516254	95	102	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27516254	107	116	galactose	T109,T123	C0016945
27516254	129	158	Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens	T007	C0317649
27516254	180	192	kefir grains	T168	C4280055
27516254	209	236	health promoting properties	T070	C1254365
27516254	259	264	shear	T070	C1254365
27516254	269	291	extensional properties	T070	C1254365
27516254	295	304	different	T080	C1705242
27516254	305	312	kefiran	T109,T121	C0628688
27516254	313	332	aqueous dispersions	T167	C0439861
27516254	358	366	assessed	T052	C1516048
27516254	371	379	compared	T052	C1707455
27516254	389	401	neutral gums	T109	C0029224
27516254	419	423	food	T168	C0016452
27516254	425	433	cosmetic	T073	C0010164
27516254	438	462	pharmaceutics industries	T093	C0013185
27516254	464	479	methylcellulose	T109,T121,T130	C0025729
27516254	481	496	locust bean gum	T200	C3190255
27516254	501	509	guar gum	T109,T121	C0061996
27516254	512	519	Kefiran	T109,T121	C0628688
27516254	527	553	shear flow characteristics	T070	C1254365
27516254	604	616	neutral gums	T109	C0029224
27516254	645	650	lower	T080	C0205251
27516254	651	662	viscosities	T070	C0042784
27516254	674	687	concentration	T081	C0392762
27516254	698	701	gum	T109	C0029224
27516254	702	708	system	T169	C0449913
27516254	735	746	correlation	T080	C1707520
27516254	755	790	dynamic and steady shear properties	T070	C1254365
27516254	796	808	master curve	T082	C0205134
27516254	828	836	apparent	T078	C0750489
27516254	841	848	complex	T080	C0439855
27516254	849	860	viscosities	T070	C0042784
27516254	876	898	extensional properties	T070	C1254365
27516254	911	915	gums	T109	C0029224
27516254	940	968	capillary break-up rheometer	T073	C0699733
27516254	970	977	kefiran	T109,T121	C0628688
27516254	978	987	solutions	T167	C0037633
27516254	1011	1033	extensional properties	T070	C1254365
27516254	1048	1057	behaviour	T080	C1521970
27516254	1068	1077	Newtonian	T080	C0205556

27516356|t|Transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma with segmental portal vein tumour thrombus
27516356|a|To evaluate the clinical outcome and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with segmental or subsegmental portal vein tumour thrombus (sPVTT) in patients with preserved hepatic function, and to address the efficacy of additional chemoinfusion after TACE (TACE + CI). From January 2003 to December 2012, TACE was conducted on 81 patients with Child-Pugh score ≤7 who had HCC with sPVTT. Thirty-one of them underwent TACE + CI. The overall survival (OS) and serious adverse events (SAEs) were evaluated. The efficacy of TACE + CI was appraised after adjustment with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). The OS after TACE (median, 15.5 months) was significantly related with aspartate aminotransferase (hazard ratio [HR], 1.011), modified Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage D (HR, 2.841), extrahepatic spread (HR, 4.862), and TACE + CI (HR, .367). The SAE incidence was significantly associated with modified BCLC stages (HR, 10.174 [proper-C] and 24.000 [D]). After IPTW adjustment, TACE + CI significantly improved OS (p = .028; HR, .511), but the SAE incidence was not significantly altered (p = .737; HR, .819). TACE can be an effective and safe treatment option for HCC with sPVTT in patients with preserved hepatic function. Furthermore, additional chemoinfusion can enhance the therapeutic efficacy while maintaining the safety. • TACE is effective and safe for treating HCC with sPVTT. • Modified BCLC stages can stratify the risk and benefit of TACE. • Additional chemoinfusion can enhance the therapeutic efficacy while maintaining the safety.
27516356	0	31	Transarterial chemoembolization	T061	C3539919
27516356	35	59	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27516356	65	86	segmental portal vein	T023	C0032718
27516356	87	102	tumour thrombus	T047	C3163918
27516356	119	127	clinical	T080	C0205210
27516356	128	135	outcome	T169	C1274040
27516356	140	146	safety	T068	C0036043
27516356	150	181	transarterial chemoembolization	T061	C3539919
27516356	183	187	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	193	217	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27516356	219	222	HCC	T191	C2239176
27516356	229	238	segmental	T082	C0205122
27516356	242	266	subsegmental portal vein	T023	C0032718
27516356	267	282	tumour thrombus	T047	C3163918
27516356	284	289	sPVTT	T047	C3163918
27516356	294	302	patients	T101	C0030705
27516356	318	334	hepatic function	T042	C0232741
27516356	378	391	chemoinfusion	T061	C0574032
27516356	398	402	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	404	408	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	411	413	CI	T061	C0574032
27516356	452	456	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	477	485	patients	T101	C0030705
27516356	491	507	Child-Pugh score	T170	C2347612
27516356	519	522	HCC	T191	C2239176
27516356	528	533	sPVTT	T047	C3163918
27516356	564	568	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	571	573	CI	T061	C0574032
27516356	579	595	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27516356	597	599	OS	T081	C4086681
27516356	605	627	serious adverse events	T033	C1519255
27516356	629	633	SAEs	T033	C1519255
27516356	667	671	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	674	676	CI	T061	C0574032
27516356	713	755	inverse probability of treatment weighting	T081	C0871431
27516356	757	761	IPTW	T081	C0871431
27516356	768	770	OS	T081	C4086681
27516356	777	781	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	796	802	months	T079	C0439231
27516356	835	861	aspartate aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0004002
27516356	863	875	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27516356	877	879	HR	T081	C2985465
27516356	899	943	Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage D	T191	C3899975
27516356	945	947	HR	T081	C2985465
27516356	957	969	extrahepatic	T082	C1517058
27516356	978	980	HR	T081	C2985465
27516356	994	998	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	1001	1003	CI	T061	C0574032
27516356	1005	1007	HR	T081	C2985465
27516356	1020	1023	SAE	T033	C1519255
27516356	1077	1088	BCLC stages	T185	C3899974
27516356	1090	1092	HR	T081	C2985465
27516356	1135	1139	IPTW	T081	C0871431
27516356	1152	1156	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	1159	1161	CI	T061	C0574032
27516356	1185	1187	OS	T081	C4086681
27516356	1199	1201	HR	T081	C2985465
27516356	1218	1221	SAE	T033	C1519255
27516356	1273	1275	HR	T081	C2985465
27516356	1284	1288	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	1318	1327	treatment	T061	C0087111
27516356	1339	1342	HCC	T191	C2239176
27516356	1348	1353	sPVTT	T047	C3163918
27516356	1357	1365	patients	T101	C0030705
27516356	1381	1397	hepatic function	T042	C0232741
27516356	1423	1436	chemoinfusion	T061	C0574032
27516356	1453	1473	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
27516356	1496	1502	safety	T068	C0036043
27516356	1506	1510	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	1537	1545	treating	T169	C1522326
27516356	1546	1549	HCC	T191	C2239176
27516356	1555	1560	sPVTT	T047	C3163918
27516356	1573	1584	BCLC stages	T185	C3899974
27516356	1602	1606	risk	T058	C0086930
27516356	1622	1626	TACE	T061	C3539919
27516356	1641	1654	chemoinfusion	T061	C0574032
27516356	1671	1691	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
27516356	1714	1720	safety	T068	C0036043

27516476|t|Improved adipose tissue function with initiation of protease inhibitor - only ART
27516476|a|Use of ART containing HIV PIs has previously been associated with toxicity in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), potentially contributing to the development of lipodystrophy and insulin resistance. However, the effect of PIs on SAT function in ART - naive patients independent of other ART classes is unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of initiating PI - only ART on SAT function in ART - naive subjects. In the HIVNAT-019 study, 48 HIV-infected, ART - naive Thai adults commencing PI - only ART comprising lopinavir / ritonavir / saquinavir for 24 weeks underwent assessments of fasting metabolic parameters and body composition. In a molecular substudy, 20 subjects underwent SAT biopsies at weeks 0, 2 and 24 for transcriptional, protein, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and histological analyses. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00400738. Over 24 weeks, limb fat increased (+416.4 g, P = 0.023), coinciding with larger adipocytes as indicated by decreased adipocyte density in biopsies (-32.3 cells /mm(2), P = 0.047) and increased mRNA expression of adipogenesis regulator PPARG at week 2 (+58.1%, P = 0.003). Increases in mtDNA over 24 weeks (+600 copies/cell, P = 0.041), decreased NRF1 mRNA expression at week 2 (-33.7%, P < 0.001) and increased COX2 / COX4 protein ratio at week 24 (+288%, P = 0.038) indicated improved mitochondrial function. Despite decreased AKT2 mRNA at week 2 (-28.6%, P = 0.002) and increased PTPN1 mRNA at week 24 (+50.3%, P = 0.016) suggesting insulin resistance, clinical insulin sensitivity [by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR)] was unchanged. Initiation of PI - only ART showed little evidence of SAT toxicity, the changes observed being consistent with a return to health rather than contributing to lipodystrophy. icle
27516476	0	8	Improved	T080	C0332272
27516476	9	23	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27516476	24	32	function	T042	C1254358
27516476	38	48	initiation	T169	C1704686
27516476	52	70	protease inhibitor	T121	C0033607
27516476	73	77	only	T081	C0205171
27516476	78	81	ART	T061	C1963724
27516476	89	92	ART	T061	C1963724
27516476	89	92	ART	T061	C1963724
27516476	104	111	HIV PIs	T121	C3536912
27516476	148	156	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27516476	160	187	subcutaneous adipose tissue	T024	C0222331
27516476	189	192	SAT	T024	C0222331
27516476	207	219	contributing	T052	C1880177
27516476	227	238	development	T169	C1527148
27516476	242	255	lipodystrophy	T047	C0023787
27516476	260	278	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27516476	293	299	effect	T080	C1280500
27516476	303	306	PIs	T121	C0033607
27516476	303	306	PIs	T121	C0033607
27516476	310	313	SAT	T024	C0222331
27516476	314	322	function	T042	C1254358
27516476	326	329	ART	T061	C1963724
27516476	332	337	naive	T201	C0919936
27516476	338	346	patients	T101	C0030705
27516476	347	358	independent	T078	C0085862
27516476	368	371	ART	T061	C1963724
27516476	426	432	effect	T080	C1280500
27516476	436	446	initiating	T169	C1704686
27516476	447	449	PI	T121	C0033607
27516476	452	456	only	T081	C0205171
27516476	457	460	ART	T061	C1963724
27516476	464	467	SAT	T024	C0222331
27516476	468	476	function	T042	C1254358
27516476	480	483	ART	T061	C1963724
27516476	486	491	naive	T201	C0919936
27516476	492	500	subjects	T101	C0030705
27516476	509	525	HIVNAT-019 study	T062	C0242481
27516476	530	542	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
27516476	544	547	ART	T061	C1963724
27516476	550	555	naive	T201	C0919936
27516476	556	560	Thai	T098	C0337910
27516476	561	567	adults	T100	C0001675
27516476	568	578	commencing	T052	C3274784
27516476	579	581	PI	T121	C0033607
27516476	584	588	only	T081	C0205171
27516476	589	592	ART	T061	C1963724
27516476	604	613	lopinavir	T109,T121	C0674432
27516476	616	625	ritonavir	T109,T121	C0292818
27516476	628	638	saquinavir	T109,T121	C0286738
27516476	646	651	weeks	T079	C0439230
27516476	662	673	assessments	T058	C1261322
27516476	677	684	fasting	T033	C0015663
27516476	685	694	metabolic	T040	C0025519
27516476	695	705	parameters	T077	C0549193
27516476	710	726	body composition	T032	C0005885
27516476	733	742	molecular	T080	C1521991
27516476	743	751	substudy	T170	C4288169
27516476	756	764	subjects	T101	C0030705
27516476	775	778	SAT	T024	C0222331
27516476	779	787	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27516476	791	796	weeks	T079	C0439230
27516476	813	828	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27516476	830	837	protein	T063	C1514534
27516476	839	856	mitochondrial DNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27516476	858	863	mtDNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27516476	869	890	histological analyses	T059	C0344441
27516476	892	943	ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00400738	T062	C0008976
27516476	953	958	weeks	T079	C0439230
27516476	960	978	limb fat increased	T033	C0243095
27516476	1018	1024	larger	T081	C0549177
27516476	1025	1035	adipocytes	T025	C0206131
27516476	1039	1048	indicated	T033	C1444656
27516476	1052	1061	decreased	T081	C0205216
27516476	1062	1071	adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27516476	1072	1079	density	T081	C0162339
27516476	1083	1091	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27516476	1099	1104	cells	T025	C0007634
27516476	1128	1137	increased	T081	C0205217
27516476	1138	1153	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27516476	1157	1169	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
27516476	1170	1179	regulator	T044	C1152862
27516476	1180	1185	PPARG	T028	C1335238
27516476	1189	1193	week	T079	C0439230
27516476	1217	1226	Increases	T169	C0442805
27516476	1230	1235	mtDNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27516476	1244	1249	weeks	T079	C0439230
27516476	1281	1290	decreased	T081	C0205216
27516476	1291	1295	NRF1	T028	C1417846
27516476	1296	1311	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27516476	1315	1319	week	T079	C0439230
27516476	1346	1355	increased	T081	C0205217
27516476	1356	1360	COX2	T116,T126	C1565860
27516476	1363	1375	COX4 protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27516476	1376	1381	ratio	T081	C0456603
27516476	1385	1389	week	T079	C0439230
27516476	1412	1421	indicated	T033	C1444656
27516476	1422	1430	improved	T080	C0332272
27516476	1431	1444	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27516476	1445	1453	function	T043	C0007613
27516476	1463	1472	decreased	T081	C0205216
27516476	1473	1477	AKT2	T028	C0812230
27516476	1478	1482	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27516476	1486	1490	week	T079	C0439230
27516476	1517	1526	increased	T081	C0205217
27516476	1527	1532	PTPN1	T028	C1335281
27516476	1533	1537	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27516476	1541	1545	week	T079	C0439230
27516476	1580	1598	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27516476	1600	1608	clinical	T080	C0205210
27516476	1609	1628	insulin sensitivity	T046	C0920563
27516476	1633	1661	homeostasis model assessment	T058	C1829779
27516476	1663	1670	HOMA-IR	T058	C1829779
27516476	1677	1686	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27516476	1688	1698	Initiation	T169	C1704686
27516476	1702	1704	PI	T121	C0033607
27516476	1707	1711	only	T081	C0205171
27516476	1712	1715	ART	T061	C1963724
27516476	1723	1729	little	T081	C0700321
27516476	1730	1738	evidence	T078	C3887511
27516476	1742	1745	SAT	T024	C0222331
27516476	1746	1754	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27516476	1760	1767	changes	T169	C0392747
27516476	1768	1776	observed	T169	C1441672
27516476	1783	1798	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27516476	1801	1817	return to health	UnknownType	C0548675
27516476	1830	1842	contributing	T052	C1880177
27516476	1846	1859	lipodystrophy	T047	C0023787

27516747|t|Smartphone -Based Psychotherapeutic Micro-Interventions to Improve Mood in a Real-World Setting
27516747|a|Using mobile communication technology as new personalized approach to treat mental disorders or to more generally improve quality of life is highly promising. Knowledge about intervention components that target key psychopathological processes in terms of transdiagnostic psychotherapy approaches is urgently needed. We explored the use of smartphone -based micro-interventions based on psychotherapeutic techniques, guided by short video-clips, to elicit mood changes. As part of a larger neurofeedback study, all subjects -after being randomly assigned to an experimental or control neurofeedback condition -underwent daily smartphone -based micro-interventions for 13 consecutive days. They were free to choose out of provided techniques, including viscerosensory attention, emotional imagery, facial expression, and contemplative repetition. Changes in mood were assessed in real world using the Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaire (scales: good - bad, GB; awake - tired, AT; and calm - nervous, CN). Twenty-seven men participated on at least 11 days and were thus included in the analyses. Altogether, they underwent 335, generally well-tolerated, micro-intervention sessions, with viscerosensory attention (178 sessions, 53.13%) and contemplative repetition (68 sessions, 20.30%) being the most frequently applied techniques. Mixed models indicated that subjects showed better mood [GB: b = 0.464, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.068, 0.860], t (613.3) = 2.298, p = 0.022] and became more awake [AT: b = 0.514, 95% CI [0.103, 0.925], t (612.4) = 2.456, p = 0.014] and calmer [CN: b = 0.685, 95% CI [0.360, 1.010], t (612.3) = 4.137, p < 0.001] from pre - to post-micro-intervention. These mood improvements from pre - to post-micro-intervention were associated with changes in mood from the 1st day until the last day with regard to GB mood (r = 0.614, 95% CI [0.297, 0.809], p < 0.001), but not AT mood (r = 0.279, 95% CI [-0.122, 0.602], p = 0.167) and CN mood (r = 0.277, 95% CI [0.124, 0.601], p = 0.170). Our findings provide evidence for the applicability of smartphone -based micro-interventions eliciting short-term mood changes, based on techniques used in psychotherapeutic approaches, such as mindfulness -based psychotherapy, transcendental meditation, and other contemplative therapies. The results encourage exploring these techniques ' capability to improve mood in randomized controlled studies and patients. Smartphone -based micro-interventions are promising to modify mood in real-world settings, complementing other psychotherapeutic interventions, in line with the precision medicine approach. The here presented data were collected within a randomized trial, registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT01921088) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01921088.
27516747	0	10	Smartphone	T073	C3204335
27516747	18	35	Psychotherapeutic	T061	C0033968
27516747	36	55	Micro-Interventions	T061	C0184661
27516747	67	71	Mood	T041	C0026516
27516747	77	95	Real-World Setting	T079	C1254367
27516747	102	108	mobile	T073	C1136360
27516747	109	133	communication technology	UnknownType	C0681426
27516747	154	162	approach	T082	C0449445
27516747	166	171	treat	T061	C0087111
27516747	172	188	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
27516747	218	233	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27516747	255	264	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
27516747	271	283	intervention	T061	C0184661
27516747	284	294	components	T073	C0449432
27516747	311	329	psychopathological	T091	C0033927
27516747	330	339	processes	T067	C1522240
27516747	368	381	psychotherapy	T061	C0033968
27516747	382	392	approaches	T082	C0449445
27516747	436	446	smartphone	T073	C3204335
27516747	454	473	micro-interventions	T061	C0184661
27516747	483	511	psychotherapeutic techniques	T170	C0237915
27516747	529	540	video-clips	T170	C3463807
27516747	552	564	mood changes	T048	C0085633
27516747	586	599	neurofeedback	T061	C2713543
27516747	600	605	study	T062	C2603343
27516747	611	619	subjects	T098	C0080105
27516747	681	694	neurofeedback	T061	C2713543
27516747	695	704	condition	T080	C0348080
27516747	716	721	daily	T079	C0332173
27516747	722	732	smartphone	T073	C3204335
27516747	740	759	micro-interventions	T061	C0184661
27516747	779	783	days	T079	C0439228
27516747	826	836	techniques	T169	C0449851
27516747	848	862	viscerosensory	T080	C0445254
27516747	863	872	attention	T041	C0004268
27516747	874	883	emotional	T033	C0849912
27516747	884	891	imagery	T041	C0175631
27516747	893	910	facial expression	T033	C0015457
27516747	916	929	contemplative	T080	C1277196
27516747	930	940	repetition	T169	C0205341
27516747	942	949	Changes	T169	C0392747
27516747	953	957	mood	T041	C0026516
27516747	996	1037	Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaire	T170	C0451394
27516747	1047	1051	good	T080	C0205170
27516747	1054	1057	bad	T080	C0205169
27516747	1063	1068	awake	T033	C0234422
27516747	1071	1076	tired	T184	C0557875
27516747	1086	1090	calm	T041	C0522165
27516747	1093	1100	nervous	T184	C0027769
27516747	1120	1123	men	T098	C0025266
27516747	1152	1156	days	T079	C0439228
27516747	1187	1195	analyses	T062	C0936012
27516747	1255	1282	micro-intervention sessions	UnknownType	C0679644
27516747	1289	1303	viscerosensory	T080	C0445254
27516747	1304	1313	attention	T041	C0004268
27516747	1319	1327	sessions	UnknownType	C0679644
27516747	1341	1354	contemplative	T080	C1277196
27516747	1355	1365	repetition	T169	C0205341
27516747	1370	1378	sessions	UnknownType	C0679644
27516747	1422	1432	techniques	T169	C0449851
27516747	1440	1446	models	T170	C3161035
27516747	1462	1470	subjects	T098	C0080105
27516747	1485	1489	mood	T041	C0026516
27516747	1510	1529	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27516747	1531	1533	CI	T081	C0009667
27516747	1597	1602	awake	T033	C0234422
27516747	1623	1625	CI	T081	C0009667
27516747	1676	1682	calmer	T041	C0522165
27516747	1703	1705	CI	T081	C0009667
27516747	1757	1760	pre	T079	C1254367
27516747	1766	1789	post-micro-intervention	T079	C1254367
27516747	1797	1801	mood	T041	C0026516
27516747	1802	1814	improvements	T077	C2986411
27516747	1820	1823	pre	T079	C1254367
27516747	1829	1852	post-micro-intervention	T079	C1254367
27516747	1874	1889	changes in mood	T048	C0085633
27516747	1903	1906	day	T079	C0439228
27516747	1922	1925	day	T079	C0439228
27516747	1941	1948	GB mood	T041	C0026516
27516747	1965	1967	CI	T081	C0009667
27516747	2004	2011	AT mood	T041	C0026516
27516747	2028	2030	CI	T081	C0009667
27516747	2063	2070	CN mood	T041	C0026516
27516747	2087	2089	CI	T081	C0009667
27516747	2122	2130	findings	T033	C0243095
27516747	2173	2183	smartphone	T073	C3204335
27516747	2191	2210	micro-interventions	T061	C0184661
27516747	2221	2231	short-term	T079	C0443303
27516747	2232	2244	mood changes	T048	C0085633
27516747	2255	2265	techniques	T169	C0449851
27516747	2274	2291	psychotherapeutic	T061	C0033968
27516747	2292	2302	approaches	T082	C0449445
27516747	2312	2323	mindfulness	T041	C3542996
27516747	2331	2344	psychotherapy	T061	C0033968
27516747	2346	2371	transcendental meditation	T041	C0150814
27516747	2383	2396	contemplative	T080	C1277196
27516747	2397	2406	therapies	T061	C0087111
27516747	2446	2456	techniques	T169	C0449851
27516747	2459	2469	capability	T080	C2698977
27516747	2481	2485	mood	T041	C0026516
27516747	2500	2518	controlled studies	T062	C0681867
27516747	2523	2531	patients	T101	C0030705
27516747	2533	2543	Smartphone	T073	C3204335
27516747	2551	2570	micro-interventions	T061	C0184661
27516747	2595	2599	mood	T041	C0026516
27516747	2603	2622	real-world settings	T079	C1254367
27516747	2644	2675	psychotherapeutic interventions	T061	C0582386
27516747	2694	2703	precision	T079	C1547902
27516747	2704	2721	medicine approach	UnknownType	C0679624
27516747	2742	2746	data	T078	C1511726
27516747	2771	2787	randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034

27516791|t|Air tamponade of the heart
27516791|a|Pneumopericardium is a rare disease defined as the presence of air or gas in the pericardial sac. Among the etiological factors, the following stand out: chest trauma, barotrauma, air -containing fistulas between the pericardium and the surrounding structures, secondary gas production by microorganisms growing in the pericardial sac, and iatrogenic factors. Until now, spontaneous pneumopericardium has been considered a harmless and temporary state, but a review of clinical cases indicates that the presence of air in the pericardium can lead to cardiac tamponade and life-threatening hemodynamic disturbances. We present the case of an 80- year-old patient with a chronic bronchopericardial fistula, who suffered from a cardiac arrest due to air tamponade of the heart.
27516791	0	3	Air	T167	C0001861
27516791	4	13	tamponade	T169	C0332459
27516791	21	26	heart	T023	C0018787
27516791	27	44	Pneumopericardium	T047	C0032319
27516791	50	62	rare disease	T047	C0678236
27516791	78	86	presence	T033	C0150312
27516791	90	93	air	T167	C0001861
27516791	97	100	gas	T104	C0017110
27516791	108	123	pericardial sac	T023	C0031050
27516791	135	154	etiological factors	T169	C1521761
27516791	181	193	chest trauma	T037	C0039980
27516791	195	205	barotrauma	T037	C0004760
27516791	207	210	air	T167	C0001861
27516791	223	231	fistulas	T190	C0016169
27516791	244	255	pericardium	T023	C0031050
27516791	264	275	surrounding	T082	C1282914
27516791	276	286	structures	T082	C0678594
27516791	288	312	secondary gas production	T169	C0205245
27516791	316	330	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27516791	346	361	pericardial sac	T023	C0031050
27516791	367	377	iatrogenic	T080	C0439669
27516791	378	385	factors	T169	C1521761
27516791	398	409	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27516791	410	427	pneumopericardium	T047	C0032319
27516791	437	447	considered	T078	C0750591
27516791	450	458	harmless	T080	C0205556
27516791	463	472	temporary	T079	C0205374
27516791	473	478	state	T169	C1442792
27516791	486	495	review of	T169	C0699752
27516791	496	510	clinical cases	T077	C1706256
27516791	530	538	presence	T033	C0150312
27516791	542	545	air	T167	C0001861
27516791	553	564	pericardium	T023	C0031050
27516791	577	594	cardiac tamponade	T047	C0007177
27516791	599	615	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27516791	616	627	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27516791	628	640	disturbances	T080	C2699787
27516791	645	652	present	T033	C0150312
27516791	672	680	year-old	T079	C1510829
27516791	681	688	patient	T101	C0030705
27516791	696	703	chronic	T079	C0205191
27516791	704	722	bronchopericardial	T023	C1186133
27516791	723	730	fistula	T190	C0016169
27516791	752	766	cardiac arrest	T047	C0018790
27516791	774	777	air	T167	C0001861
27516791	778	787	tamponade	T169	C0332459
27516791	795	800	heart	T023	C0018787

27517885|t|The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of the Medicinal Plant Swertia mussotii Using the PacBio RS II Platform
27517885|a|Swertia mussotii is an important medicinal plant that has great economic and medicinal value and is found on the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of S. mussotii is 153,431 bp in size, with a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,761 bp each that separate an large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,567 bp and an a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,342 bp. The S. mussotii cp genome encodes 84 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The identity, number, and GC content of S. mussotii cp genes were similar to those in the genomes of other Gentianales species. Via analysis of the repeat structure, 11 forward repeats, eight palindromic repeats, and one reverse repeat were detected in the S. mussotii cp genome. There are 45 SSRs in the S. mussotii cp genome, the majority of which are mononucleotides found in all other Gentianales species. An entire cp genome comparison study of S. mussotii and two other species in Gentianaceae was conducted. The complete cp genome sequence provides intragenic information for the cp genetic engineering of this medicinal plant.
27517885	4	12	Complete	T080	C0205197
27517885	13	31	Chloroplast Genome	T028	C1955992
27517885	32	40	Sequence	T086	C0314659
27517885	48	63	Medicinal Plant	T002	C0032100
27517885	64	80	Swertia mussotii	T002	C1624947
27517885	91	112	PacBio RS II Platform	T074	C1609455
27517885	113	129	Swertia mussotii	T002	C1624947
27517885	146	161	medicinal plant	T002	C0032100
27517885	171	176	great	T081	C0549177
27517885	177	185	economic	T081	C0392762
27517885	190	205	medicinal value	T121	C1254351
27517885	226	249	Qinghai Tibetan Plateau	UnknownType	C0681784
27517885	255	263	complete	T080	C0205197
27517885	264	287	chloroplast (cp) genome	T028	C1955992
27517885	291	302	S. mussotii	T002	C1624947
27517885	320	324	size	T081	C3178847
27517885	333	337	pair	T080	C1709450
27517885	341	369	inverted repeat (IR) regions	T114,T123	C2350250
27517885	393	401	separate	T080	C0443299
27517885	405	435	large single-copy (LSC) region	T086	C0314659
27517885	458	488	small single-copy (SSC) region	T086	C0314659
27517885	507	518	S. mussotii	T002	C1624947
27517885	519	528	cp genome	T028	C1955992
27517885	529	536	encodes	T052	C2700640
27517885	540	560	protein-coding genes	T028	C3839127
27517885	565	577	transfer RNA	T114,T123	C0035711
27517885	579	583	tRNA	T114,T123	C0035711
27517885	585	590	genes	T028	C0017337
27517885	602	628	ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes	T028	C0035899
27517885	656	666	GC content	T081	C1135899
27517885	670	681	S. mussotii	T002	C1624947
27517885	682	690	cp genes	T028	C1955992
27517885	720	727	genomes	T028	C0017428
27517885	737	748	Gentianales	T002	C1080874
27517885	749	756	species	T185	C1705920
27517885	762	770	analysis	T062	C0936012
27517885	778	794	repeat structure	T086	C0314659
27517885	807	814	repeats	T086	C0314659
27517885	822	841	palindromic repeats	T114,T123	C2350254
27517885	871	879	detected	T033	C0442726
27517885	887	898	S. mussotii	T002	C1624947
27517885	899	908	cp genome	T028	C1955992
27517885	923	927	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302
27517885	935	946	S. mussotii	T002	C1624947
27517885	947	956	cp genome	T028	C1955992
27517885	962	970	majority	T080	C0205164
27517885	984	999	mononucleotides	T114	C0028630
27517885	1019	1030	Gentianales	T002	C1080874
27517885	1031	1038	species	T185	C1705920
27517885	1043	1049	entire	T081	C0439751
27517885	1050	1059	cp genome	T028	C1955992
27517885	1060	1076	comparison study	T062	C1579762
27517885	1080	1091	S. mussotii	T002	C1624947
27517885	1106	1113	species	T185	C1705920
27517885	1117	1129	Gentianaceae	T002	C0950077
27517885	1149	1157	complete	T080	C0205197
27517885	1158	1167	cp genome	T028	C1955992
27517885	1168	1176	sequence	T086	C0314659
27517885	1186	1196	intragenic	T028	C0017337
27517885	1197	1208	information	T078	C1533716
27517885	1217	1219	cp	T026	C0008266
27517885	1220	1239	genetic engineering	T063	C0017387
27517885	1248	1263	medicinal plant	T002	C0032100

27518506|t|Ambient PM2.5 Exposure and Mortality Due to Lung Cancer and Cardiopulmonary Diseases in Polish Cities
27518506|a|Air pollution, one of ten most important causes of premature mortality worldwide, remains a major issue also in the EU, with more than 400,000 premature deaths due to exposure to PM2.5 reported yearly. The issue is particularly significant in Poland, where there is the highest concentration of PM2.5 among the UE countries. This study focused on the proportion of mortality due to lung cancer and cardiopulmonary diseases attributable to PM2.5 in eleven biggest Polish cities in the years 2006-2011. The findings demonstrate that the mean annual concentration of PM2.5 varied from 14.3 to 52.5 μg/m(3). The average population attributable fractions varied from 0.195 to 0.413 in case of lung cancer and from 0.130 to 0.291 for cardiopulmonary diseases. Such substantial values of this ratio translate into a considerable number of deaths, which ranged between 9.6 and 22.8 cases for lung cancer and 48.6 to 136.6 cases for cardiopulmonary diseases per 100,000 inhabitants. We conclude that the impact of PM2.5 concentration on the incidence of premature deaths is unduly high in Polish cities.
27518506	0	7	Ambient	T080	C1879688
27518506	8	13	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
27518506	14	22	Exposure	T080	C0332157
27518506	27	36	Mortality	T081	C0205848
27518506	44	55	Lung Cancer	T191	C0242379
27518506	60	84	Cardiopulmonary Diseases	T047	C0034072
27518506	88	94	Polish	T098	C0220896
27518506	95	101	Cities	T083	C0008848
27518506	102	115	Air pollution	T069	C0001873
27518506	143	149	causes	T169	C0015127
27518506	153	172	premature mortality	T033	C1855073
27518506	200	205	issue	T033	C0033213
27518506	218	220	EU	T092	C0015179
27518506	245	261	premature deaths	T033	C1855073
27518506	269	280	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27518506	281	286	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
27518506	296	302	yearly	T079	C0332181
27518506	308	313	issue	T033	C0033213
27518506	330	341	significant	T078	C0750502
27518506	345	351	Poland	T083	C0032356
27518506	380	393	concentration	T081	C1446561
27518506	397	402	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
27518506	413	415	UE	T092	C0015179
27518506	416	425	countries	T083	C0454664
27518506	432	437	study	T062	C2603343
27518506	453	463	proportion	T081	C1709707
27518506	467	476	mortality	T081	C0205848
27518506	484	495	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27518506	500	524	cardiopulmonary diseases	T047	C0034072
27518506	541	546	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
27518506	565	571	Polish	T098	C0220896
27518506	572	578	cities	T083	C0008848
27518506	586	591	years	T079	C0439234
27518506	607	615	findings	T033	C0243095
27518506	642	648	annual	T079	C0332181
27518506	649	662	concentration	T081	C1446561
27518506	666	671	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
27518506	718	728	population	T098	C1257890
27518506	742	751	fractions	T081	C1264664
27518506	782	786	case	T169	C0868928
27518506	790	801	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27518506	830	854	cardiopulmonary diseases	T047	C0034072
27518506	861	879	substantial values	T080	C0042295
27518506	888	893	ratio	T081	C0456603
27518506	924	940	number of deaths	T081	C0205848
27518506	976	981	cases	T169	C0868928
27518506	986	997	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27518506	1016	1021	cases	T169	C0868928
27518506	1026	1050	cardiopulmonary diseases	T047	C0034072
27518506	1063	1074	inhabitants	T098	C1257890
27518506	1097	1103	impact	T080	C4049986
27518506	1107	1112	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
27518506	1113	1126	concentration	T081	C1446561
27518506	1134	1143	incidence	T081	C0021149
27518506	1147	1163	premature deaths	T033	C1855073
27518506	1182	1188	Polish	T098	C0220896
27518506	1189	1195	cities	T083	C0008848

27518527|t|Primary pituitary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with somatotroph hyperplasia and acromegaly: case report
27518527|a|Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and comprises approximately 30% of all lymphomas. Patients typically present with a nonpainful mass in the neck, groin, or abdomen associated with constitutional symptoms. In this report, however, the authors describe a rare case of a 61- year -old woman with hyperprolactinemia, hypothyroidism, and acromegaly (elevation of insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1]) with elevated growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in whom an MRI demonstrated diffuse enlargement of the pituitary gland. Despite medical treatment, the patient had persistent elevation of IGF-1. She underwent a transsphenoidal biopsy, which yielded a diagnosis of DLBCL with an activated B-cell immunophenotype with somatotroph hyperplasia. After stereo-tactic radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy, she is currently in remission from her lymphoma and has normalized IGF-1 levels without medical therapy, 8 months after her histopathological diagnosis. This is the only reported case of its kind and displays the importance of a broad differential diagnosis, multidisciplinary evaluation, and critical intraoperative decision-making when treating atypical sellar lesions.
27518527	0	7	Primary	T080	C0205225
27518527	8	17	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27518527	18	47	diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	T191	C0079744
27518527	53	76	somatotroph hyperplasia	T190	C0342369
27518527	81	91	acromegaly	T047	C0001206
27518527	93	104	case report	T170	C0085973
27518527	105	134	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	T191	C0079744
27518527	136	141	DLBCL	T191	C0079744
27518527	155	161	common	T081	C0205214
27518527	162	166	type	T080	C0332307
27518527	170	190	non-Hodgkin lymphoma	T191	C0024305
27518527	230	239	lymphomas	T191	C0024299
27518527	241	249	Patients	T101	C0030705
27518527	260	267	present	T033	C0150312
27518527	275	285	nonpainful	T169	C0234226
27518527	286	290	mass	T033	C0577559
27518527	298	302	neck	T029	C0027530
27518527	304	309	groin	T029	C0018246
27518527	314	321	abdomen	T029	C0000726
27518527	322	337	associated with	T080	C0332281
27518527	338	361	constitutional symptoms	T184	C0009812
27518527	371	377	report	T170	C0684224
27518527	392	399	authors	T097	C3812881
27518527	411	415	rare	T080	C0522498
27518527	416	420	case	T169	C0868928
27518527	430	434	year	T079	C1510829
27518527	440	445	woman	T098	C0043210
27518527	451	469	hyperprolactinemia	T047	C0020514
27518527	471	485	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
27518527	491	501	acromegaly	T047	C0001206
27518527	503	512	elevation	T080	C0205250
27518527	516	544	insulin-like growth factor-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27518527	546	551	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27518527	559	567	elevated	T080	C0205250
27518527	568	600	growth hormone-releasing hormone	T116,T125	C0037668
27518527	602	606	GHRH	T116,T125	C0037668
27518527	619	622	MRI	T060	C0024485
27518527	623	635	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
27518527	636	678	diffuse enlargement of the pituitary gland	T184	C0877018
27518527	688	705	medical treatment	T061	C0418981
27518527	711	718	patient	T101	C0030705
27518527	723	733	persistent	T079	C0205322
27518527	734	743	elevation	T080	C0205250
27518527	747	752	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27518527	770	792	transsphenoidal biopsy	T060	C0176118
27518527	800	807	yielded	T052	C1999230
27518527	810	819	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27518527	823	828	DLBCL	T191	C0079744
27518527	837	846	activated	T052	C1879547
27518527	847	853	B-cell	T025	C0004561
27518527	854	869	immunophenotype	T059	C0079611
27518527	875	898	somatotroph hyperplasia	T190	C0342369
27518527	906	937	stereo-tactic radiation therapy	T061	C3896609
27518527	941	952	combination	T080	C0205195
27518527	958	970	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27518527	979	988	currently	T079	C0521116
27518527	992	1001	remission	T191	C0687702
27518527	1011	1019	lymphoma	T191	C0024299
27518527	1028	1038	normalized	T062	C1882115
27518527	1039	1044	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27518527	1045	1051	levels	T080	C0441889
27518527	1060	1075	medical therapy	T061	C0418981
27518527	1079	1085	months	T079	C0439231
27518527	1096	1113	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27518527	1114	1123	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27518527	1142	1150	reported	T170	C0684224
27518527	1151	1155	case	T169	C0868928
27518527	1207	1229	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27518527	1231	1259	multidisciplinary evaluation	T060	C0729737
27518527	1265	1273	critical	T080	C1511545
27518527	1274	1288	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27518527	1289	1304	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27518527	1310	1318	treating	T169	C1522326
27518527	1328	1334	sellar	T023	C0036609
27518527	1335	1342	lesions	T033	C0221198

27519262|t|" Predictors of provider - initiated HIV testing and counseling refusal by outpatient department clients in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia: a case control study "
27519262|a|"Despite different strategies designed to rapidly identify HIV infected individuals, majority of HIV -infected people are unaware of their sero-status in developing countries. The objective of this study was to assess predictors of provider -initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) refusal by outpatient department (OPD) clients in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia. Facility based unmatched case control study was conducted on outpatient department clients in randomly selected seven health facilities in Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia in February 2012. A total of 291 participants (97 cases and 194 controls) were included in our study. Cases were patients who refused HIV test while controls were patients who tested for HIV after provider -initiated HIV testing and counseling (PITC) recommendation by outpatient department (OPD) clinicians. We used both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Pretested interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data by trained nurses, and in-depth interview with 14 OPD clinicians was conducted by principal investigator to supplement quantitative findings. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify independent predictors of provider -initiated HIV testing and counseling refusal by OPD clients. Study participants who had stigmatizing attitude [AOR =6.09, (95 % CI: 1.70, 21.76)], who had perceived risk for HIV infection [AOR =5.23, (95 % CI: 2.22, 12.32)], who did not perceive the benefits of provider -initiated HIV testing and counseling [AOR =4.64, (95 % CI: 1.79, 12.01)], who did not get minimum recommended pretest information from their providers [AOR =2.98, (95 % CI: 1.06, 8.35)], who ever not heard of provider -initiated HIV testing and counseling service [AOR =2.41, (95 % CI: 1.14, 5.09)], and who were from urban area [AOR =2.40, (95 % CI =1.26, 4.57)] were more likely to refuse provider -initiated HIV testing and counseling service than their counterparts. Knowledge on HIV /AIDS, attitude towards people living with HIV /AIDS and perceived risk for HIV infection by clients were the major barriers for provider -initiated HIV testing and counseling acceptance. Health professionals working at outpatient department should give due attention to overcome these barriers so as to enhance HIV testing acceptance by their clients ." "JOURNAL ARTICLE"
27519262	2	12	Predictors	T078	C2698872
27519262	16	24	provider	T169	C1138603
27519262	37	48	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
27519262	53	63	counseling	T058	C0010210
27519262	64	71	refusal	T055	C0040809
27519262	75	96	outpatient department	T073,T093	C0557824
27519262	97	104	clients	T096	C0008942
27519262	108	120	Wolaita zone	UnknownType	C0681784
27519262	122	139	Southern Ethiopia	UnknownType	C0681784
27519262	143	161	case control study	T062	C0007328
27519262	223	235	HIV infected	T047	C0019693
27519262	236	247	individuals	T098	C0027361
27519262	261	274	HIV -infected	T047	C0019693
27519262	275	281	people	T098	C0027361
27519262	303	314	sero-status	T170	C0449943
27519262	318	338	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27519262	375	381	assess	T058	C0184514
27519262	382	392	predictors	T078	C2698872
27519262	396	404	provider	T169	C1138603
27519262	416	427	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
27519262	432	442	counseling	T058	C0010210
27519262	444	448	PITC	T058	C1254363
27519262	450	457	refusal	T055	C0040809
27519262	461	482	outpatient department	T073,T093	C0557824
27519262	484	487	OPD	T073,T093	C0557824
27519262	489	496	clients	T096	C0008942
27519262	500	512	Wolaita zone	UnknownType	C0681784
27519262	514	531	Southern Ethiopia	UnknownType	C0681784
27519262	533	541	Facility	T073	C1547538
27519262	558	576	case control study	T062	C0007328
27519262	594	615	outpatient department	T073,T093	C0557824
27519262	616	623	clients	T096	C0008942
27519262	651	668	health facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27519262	672	684	Wolaita zone	UnknownType	C0681784
27519262	686	703	Southern Ethiopia	UnknownType	C0681784
27519262	737	749	participants	T098	C0679646
27519262	754	759	cases	T169	C0868928
27519262	768	776	controls	T096	C0009932
27519262	806	811	Cases	T169	C0868928
27519262	817	825	patients	T101	C0030705
27519262	830	837	refused	T052	C1705116
27519262	838	846	HIV test	T059	C1321876
27519262	853	861	controls	T096	C0009932
27519262	867	875	patients	T101	C0030705
27519262	880	886	tested	T170	C0392366
27519262	891	894	HIV	T005	C0019682
27519262	901	909	provider	T169	C1138603
27519262	921	932	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
27519262	937	947	counseling	T058	C0010210
27519262	949	953	PITC	T058	C1254363
27519262	973	994	outpatient department	T073,T093	C0557824
27519262	996	999	OPD	T073,T093	C0557824
27519262	1001	1011	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27519262	1026	1038	quantitative	T062	C1510568
27519262	1043	1062	qualitative methods	T062	C1510567
27519262	1066	1081	data collection	T062	C0010995
27519262	1083	1132	Pretested interviewer administered questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27519262	1154	1166	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27519262	1167	1171	data	T078	C1511726
27519262	1183	1189	nurses	T097	C0028661
27519262	1195	1213	in-depth interview	T052	C0021822
27519262	1222	1225	OPD	T073,T093	C0557824
27519262	1226	1236	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27519262	1254	1276	principal investigator	T097	C1521895
27519262	1291	1303	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27519262	1304	1312	findings	T169	C2607943
27519262	1314	1323	Bivariate	UnknownType	C0681927
27519262	1328	1349	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
27519262	1384	1394	predictors	T078	C2698872
27519262	1398	1406	provider	T169	C1138603
27519262	1418	1429	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
27519262	1434	1444	counseling	T058	C0010210
27519262	1445	1452	refusal	T055	C0040809
27519262	1456	1459	OPD	T073,T093	C0557824
27519262	1460	1467	clients	T096	C0008942
27519262	1475	1487	participants	T098	C0679646
27519262	1509	1517	attitude	T041	C0004271
27519262	1519	1522	AOR	T081	C0028873
27519262	1536	1538	CI	T081	C0009667
27519262	1563	1577	perceived risk	T080	C0814102
27519262	1582	1595	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27519262	1597	1600	AOR	T081	C0028873
27519262	1614	1616	CI	T081	C0009667
27519262	1670	1678	provider	T169	C1138603
27519262	1690	1701	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
27519262	1706	1716	counseling	T058	C0010210
27519262	1718	1721	AOR	T081	C0028873
27519262	1735	1737	CI	T081	C0009667
27519262	1790	1797	pretest	T058	C0033101
27519262	1821	1830	providers	T169	C1138603
27519262	1832	1835	AOR	T081	C0028873
27519262	1849	1851	CI	T081	C0009667
27519262	1889	1897	provider	T169	C1138603
27519262	1909	1920	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
27519262	1925	1943	counseling service	T058	C0010210
27519262	1945	1948	AOR	T081	C0028873
27519262	1962	1964	CI	T081	C0009667
27519262	1998	2008	urban area	T082	C0178876
27519262	2010	2013	AOR	T081	C0028873
27519262	2027	2029	CI	T081	C0009667
27519262	2071	2079	provider	T169	C1138603
27519262	2091	2102	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
27519262	2107	2125	counseling service	T058	C0010210
27519262	2164	2173	HIV /AIDS	T047	C0497169
27519262	2175	2183	attitude	T041	C0004271
27519262	2192	2198	people	T098	C0027361
27519262	2211	2220	HIV /AIDS	T047	C0497169
27519262	2244	2257	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27519262	2261	2268	clients	T096	C0008942
27519262	2297	2305	provider	T169	C1138603
27519262	2317	2328	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
27519262	2333	2343	counseling	T058	C0010210
27519262	2344	2354	acceptance	T055	C0000899
27519262	2356	2376	Health professionals	T097	C1704312
27519262	2388	2409	outpatient department	T073,T093	C0557824
27519262	2480	2491	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
27519262	2492	2502	acceptance	T055	C0000899
27519262	2512	2519	clients	T096	C0008942

27519675|t|Predictors of Revision Surgery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
27519675|a|Arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a common orthopaedic procedure. Graft failure after reconstruction remains a devastating complication, often requiring revision surgery and less aggressive or modified rehabilitation. Worse functional and patient-reported outcomes are reported compared with primary reconstruction. Moreover, both rates and risk factors for revision are variable and inconsistent within the literature. To determine the rate of revision surgery after ACL reconstruction in a large cohort of patients, to assess the influence of patient characteristics on the odds of revision, and to compare revision rates between active-duty military members and non-active-duty beneficiaries. Descriptive epidemiology study. Using administrative data from the Military Health System, a retrospective study was designed to characterize the rate of ACL revision surgery among patients treated within a military facility. All patients ≥18 years at the time of ACL reconstruction were identified using the American Medical Association Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) for ACL reconstruction (CPT code 29888) over 7 years (2005-2011). Revision ACL reconstructions were identified as having ≥2 ACL reconstruction procedure codes on the ipsilateral knee at least 90 days apart. Univariate analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for demographic, perioperative medication use, and concomitant procedure -related risk factors. A multivariate logistic regression model determined risk covariates in the active-duty cohort. The study population consisted of 17,164 ACL reconstruction s performed among 16,336 patients, of whom 83.3% were male with a mean ± SD age of 28.9 ± 7.6 years for the nonrevision group, and was predominantly active duty (89.2%). Patients undergoing ACL reconstruction on both knees only contributed their index knee for analyses. There were 587 patients who underwent revision surgery, corresponding to an overall revision rate of 3.6%. The median time from the index surgery to revision surgery was 500 days (interquartile range, 102-2406 days). Revision rates were higher in the active-duty cohort as compared with non-active-duty beneficiaries (3.8% vs 1.8%, respectively; OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.49-3.07). Based on multivariate logistic regression in the active-duty cohort, age ≥35 years (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.33-0.58) and concomitant meniscal repair (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.53-0.91) were found to be protective with regard to the odds of revision surgery. Perioperative medication use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.12-1.58; number needed to harm [NNH], 100) and COX-2 inhibitors (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.04-1.66; NNH, 333) was associated with increased odds of revision surgery. No significant findings were detected among sex, race, nicotine use, body mass index, or other concomitant procedures of interest. In this large cohort study, the rate of revision ACL reconstruction was 3.6%, which is consistent with the existing l iterature. Increased odds of revision surgery among active-duty personnel were associated with the perioperative use of NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors. Age ≥35 years and concomitant meniscal repair were found to be protective against ACL revision.
27519675	0	10	Predictors	T078	C2698872
27519675	14	30	Revision Surgery	T061	C0035110
27519675	37	78	Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction	T061	C3178820
27519675	79	152	Arthroscopically assisted anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction	T061	C0187996
27519675	165	186	orthopaedic procedure	T061	C0524852
27519675	188	201	Graft failure	T046	C1262018
27519675	208	222	reconstruction	T061	C3178820
27519675	245	257	complication	T046	C0009566
27519675	275	291	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27519675	324	338	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27519675	340	345	Worse	T033	C1457868
27519675	346	356	functional	T169	C0205245
27519675	361	386	patient-reported outcomes	T170	C2987124
27519675	400	408	compared	T052	C1707455
27519675	414	421	primary	T080	C0205225
27519675	422	436	reconstruction	T061	C3178820
27519675	453	458	rates	T081	C1521828
27519675	463	475	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27519675	480	488	revision	T061	C0035110
27519675	493	501	variable	T080	C0439828
27519675	506	518	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27519675	530	540	literature	T170	C0023866
27519675	559	563	rate	T081	C1521828
27519675	567	583	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27519675	590	608	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0187996
27519675	620	626	cohort	T098	C0599755
27519675	630	638	patients	T101	C0030705
27519675	643	649	assess	T058	C0184514
27519675	654	663	influence	T077	C4054723
27519675	667	690	patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27519675	698	702	odds	T081	C0028873
27519675	706	714	revision	T061	C0035110
27519675	723	730	compare	T052	C1707455
27519675	731	739	revision	T061	C0035110
27519675	740	745	rates	T081	C1521828
27519675	754	782	active-duty military members	T097	C3831794
27519675	787	816	non-active-duty beneficiaries	T098	C1257890
27519675	818	848	Descriptive epidemiology study	T058	C0699910
27519675	856	870	administrative	T033	C3845829
27519675	871	875	data	T078	C1511726
27519675	885	907	Military Health System	T093	C0018696
27519675	911	930	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27519675	964	968	rate	T081	C1521828
27519675	972	992	ACL revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27519675	999	1007	patients	T101	C0030705
27519675	1008	1015	treated	T169	C1522326
27519675	1025	1042	military facility	T073,T093	C3530278
27519675	1048	1056	patients	T101	C0030705
27519675	1061	1066	years	T079	C0439234
27519675	1074	1078	time	T079	C0040223
27519675	1082	1100	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0187996
27519675	1127	1155	American Medical Association	T094	C0002461
27519675	1156	1186	Current Procedural Terminology	T170	C1138431
27519675	1188	1191	CPT	T170	C1138431
27519675	1197	1215	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0187996
27519675	1217	1231	CPT code 29888	T170	C1136322
27519675	1240	1245	years	T079	C0439234
27519675	1259	1267	Revision	T061	C0035110
27519675	1268	1287	ACL reconstructions	T061	C0187996
27519675	1317	1335	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0187996
27519675	1336	1351	procedure codes	T170	C1136322
27519675	1359	1370	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27519675	1371	1375	knee	T023	C0022742
27519675	1388	1392	days	T079	C0439228
27519675	1400	1419	Univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
27519675	1447	1458	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27519675	1460	1463	ORs	T081	C0028873
27519675	1469	1480	demographic	T081	C2828391
27519675	1482	1495	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27519675	1496	1510	medication use	T033	C0240320
27519675	1516	1527	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27519675	1528	1537	procedure	T061	C0087111
27519675	1547	1559	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27519675	1563	1601	multivariate logistic regression model	UnknownType	C0681925
27519675	1636	1647	active-duty	T097	C3831794
27519675	1648	1654	cohort	T098	C0599755
27519675	1660	1676	study population	T098	C2348561
27519675	1697	1715	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0187996
27519675	1741	1749	patients	T101	C0030705
27519675	1770	1774	male	T032	C0086582
27519675	1792	1795	age	T032	C0001779
27519675	1810	1815	years	T079	C0439234
27519675	1824	1841	nonrevision group	T098	C1257890
27519675	1865	1876	active duty	T097	C3831794
27519675	1886	1894	Patients	T101	C0030705
27519675	1906	1924	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0187996
27519675	1933	1938	knees	T023	C0022742
27519675	1962	1972	index knee	T023	C0022742
27519675	1977	1985	analyses	T062	C0936012
27519675	2002	2010	patients	T101	C0030705
27519675	2025	2041	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27519675	2071	2079	revision	T061	C0035110
27519675	2080	2084	rate	T081	C1521828
27519675	2119	2132	index surgery	T061	C0543467
27519675	2136	2152	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27519675	2161	2165	days	T079	C0439228
27519675	2167	2186	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27519675	2197	2201	days	T079	C0439228
27519675	2204	2212	Revision	T061	C0035110
27519675	2213	2218	rates	T081	C1521828
27519675	2238	2249	active-duty	T097	C3831794
27519675	2250	2256	cohort	T098	C0599755
27519675	2274	2303	non-active-duty beneficiaries	T098	C1257890
27519675	2333	2335	OR	T081	C0028873
27519675	2347	2349	CI	T081	C0009667
27519675	2372	2404	multivariate logistic regression	UnknownType	C0681925
27519675	2412	2423	active-duty	T097	C3831794
27519675	2424	2430	cohort	T098	C0599755
27519675	2440	2445	years	T079	C0439234
27519675	2447	2449	OR	T081	C0028873
27519675	2461	2463	CI	T081	C0009667
27519675	2480	2491	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27519675	2492	2507	meniscal repair	T061	C0407887
27519675	2509	2511	OR	T081	C0028873
27519675	2523	2525	CI	T081	C0009667
27519675	2593	2609	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27519675	2611	2624	Perioperative	T079	C1518988
27519675	2625	2639	medication use	T033	C0240320
27519675	2643	2679	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	T121	C0003211
27519675	2681	2687	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27519675	2690	2692	OR	T081	C0028873
27519675	2704	2706	CI	T081	C0009667
27519675	2757	2773	COX-2 inhibitors	T109,T121	C1257954
27519675	2775	2777	OR	T081	C0028873
27519675	2789	2791	CI	T081	C0009667
27519675	2834	2843	increased	T081	C0205217
27519675	2844	2848	odds	T081	C0028873
27519675	2852	2868	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27519675	2885	2893	findings	T033	C0243095
27519675	2914	2917	sex	T032	C0079399
27519675	2919	2923	race	T098	C0034510
27519675	2925	2933	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27519675	2934	2937	use	T169	C0457083
27519675	2939	2954	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27519675	2965	2976	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27519675	2977	2987	procedures	T061	C0087111
27519675	3015	3027	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27519675	3033	3037	rate	T081	C1521828
27519675	3041	3049	revision	T061	C0035110
27519675	3050	3068	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0187996
27519675	3119	3128	iterature	T170	C0023866
27519675	3130	3139	Increased	T081	C0205217
27519675	3140	3144	odds	T081	C0028873
27519675	3148	3164	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27519675	3171	3182	active-duty	T097	C3831794
27519675	3183	3192	personnel	T098	C1527117
27519675	3218	3231	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27519675	3232	3235	use	T169	C0457083
27519675	3239	3245	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
27519675	3250	3266	COX-2 inhibitors	T109,T121	C1257954
27519675	3276	3281	years	T079	C0439234
27519675	3286	3297	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27519675	3298	3313	meniscal repair	T061	C0407887
27519675	3350	3353	ACL	T023	C0078960
27519675	3354	3362	revision	T061	C0035110

27519886|t|Meta-Analysis of 29 Experiments Evaluating the Effects of Rapamycin on Life Span in the Laboratory Mouse
27519886|a|Rapamycin has favorable effects on aging in mice and may eventually be applied to encourage " healthy aging " in humans. This study analyzed raw data from 29 survival studies of rapamycin - and control - treated mice, with the goals of estimating summary statistics and identifying factors associated with effect size heterogeneity. Meta-analysis demonstrated significant heterogeneity across studies, with hazard ratio (HR) estimates ranging from 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.82) to 0.92 (95% CI: 0.65-1.28). Sex was the major factor accounting for effect size variation, and mortality was decreased more in females (HR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.35-0.48) as compared with males (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.55-0.71). Rapamycin effects were also genotype dependent, however, with stronger survivorship increases in hybrid mice (14.4%; 95% CI: 12.5-16.3%) relative to pure inbred strains (8.8%; 95% CI: 6.2-11.6%). Number needed to treat was applied as an effect size metric, which consistently identified early senescence as the age of peak treatment benefit. These results provide synthesis of existing data to support the potential translation of findings from mouse to primate species. Because rapamycin's effect on survival depends on sex and genotype, further work is justified to understand how these factors shape treatment response.
27519886	0	13	Meta-Analysis	T062	C0920317
27519886	20	31	Experiments	T062	C0681814
27519886	32	42	Evaluating	T058	C1261322
27519886	47	57	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27519886	58	67	Rapamycin	T109,T195	C0072980
27519886	71	80	Life Span	T102	C0870809
27519886	88	104	Laboratory Mouse	T015	C0025929
27519886	105	114	Rapamycin	T109,T195	C0072980
27519886	129	136	effects	T080	C1280500
27519886	140	145	aging	T040	C0001811
27519886	149	153	mice	T015	C0025929
27519886	176	183	applied	T169	C4048755
27519886	199	206	healthy	T080	C3898900
27519886	207	212	aging	T040	C0001811
27519886	218	224	humans	T016	C0086418
27519886	231	236	study	T062	C2603343
27519886	237	245	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27519886	246	249	raw	T080	C1709843
27519886	250	254	data	T078	C1511726
27519886	263	279	survival studies	T062	C0038953
27519886	283	292	rapamycin	T109,T195	C0072980
27519886	299	306	control	T167	C1550141
27519886	309	316	treated	T169	C1522326
27519886	317	321	mice	T015	C0025929
27519886	332	337	goals	T170	C0018017
27519886	341	351	estimating	T081	C0750572
27519886	352	359	summary	T170	C1706244
27519886	360	370	statistics	T170	C0600673
27519886	375	386	identifying	T080	C0205396
27519886	387	394	factors	T169	C1521761
27519886	395	410	associated with	T080	C0332281
27519886	411	422	effect size	T081	C0814843
27519886	423	436	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27519886	438	451	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27519886	452	464	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
27519886	465	476	significant	T078	C0750502
27519886	477	490	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27519886	498	505	studies	T059	C0947630
27519886	512	524	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27519886	525	529	(HR)	T081	C2985465
27519886	530	539	estimates	T081	C0750572
27519886	540	547	ranging	T081	C1514721
27519886	563	582	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27519886	583	587	[CI]	T081	C0009667
27519886	613	615	CI	T081	C0009667
27519886	629	632	Sex	T032	C1522384
27519886	641	646	major	T080	C0205164
27519886	647	653	factor	T169	C1521761
27519886	654	664	accounting	T169	C0586014
27519886	669	680	effect size	T081	C0814843
27519886	681	690	variation	T080	C0205419
27519886	696	705	mortality	T081	C0205848
27519886	710	719	decreased	T081	C0205216
27519886	720	724	more	T081	C0205172
27519886	728	735	females	T032	C0086287
27519886	737	739	HR	T081	C2985465
27519886	752	754	CI	T081	C0009667
27519886	770	778	compared	T052	C1707455
27519886	784	789	males	T032	C0086582
27519886	791	793	HR	T081	C2985465
27519886	806	808	CI	T081	C0009667
27519886	822	831	Rapamycin	T109,T195	C0072980
27519886	832	839	effects	T080	C1280500
27519886	850	858	genotype	T032	C0017431
27519886	859	868	dependent	T080	C1701901
27519886	884	892	stronger	T080	C0442821
27519886	893	905	survivorship	T079	C0038955
27519886	906	915	increases	T169	C0442805
27519886	919	925	hybrid	T001	C0020205
27519886	926	930	mice	T015	C0025929
27519886	943	945	CI	T081	C0009667
27519886	959	967	relative	T080	C0205345
27519886	971	975	pure	T001	C0599804
27519886	976	990	inbred strains	T015	C0025927
27519886	1002	1004	CI	T081	C0009667
27519886	1018	1024	Number	T081	C0237753
27519886	1025	1031	needed	T169	C1514873
27519886	1035	1040	treat	T169	C1522326
27519886	1045	1052	applied	T169	C4048755
27519886	1059	1070	effect size	T081	C0814843
27519886	1071	1077	metric	T081	C0025867
27519886	1098	1108	identified	T080	C0205396
27519886	1115	1125	senescence	T033	C0231337
27519886	1133	1136	age	T032	C0001779
27519886	1140	1144	peak	T080	C0444505
27519886	1145	1154	treatment	T169	C0039798
27519886	1155	1162	benefit	T081	C0814225
27519886	1170	1177	results	T169	C1274040
27519886	1178	1185	provide	T052	C1999230
27519886	1186	1195	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27519886	1199	1207	existing	T077	C2987476
27519886	1208	1212	data	T078	C1511726
27519886	1216	1223	support	T077	C1521721
27519886	1238	1249	translation	T062	C3494164
27519886	1253	1261	findings	T033	C0243095
27519886	1267	1272	mouse	T015	C0025929
27519886	1276	1291	primate species	T015	C0033147
27519886	1301	1312	rapamycin's	T109,T195	C0072980
27519886	1313	1319	effect	T080	C1280500
27519886	1323	1331	survival	T052	C0038952
27519886	1332	1339	depends	T080	C1701901
27519886	1343	1346	sex	T032	C1522384
27519886	1351	1359	genotype	T032	C0017431
27519886	1411	1418	factors	T169	C1521761
27519886	1425	1434	treatment	T169	C0039798
27519886	1435	1443	response	T032	C0871261

27521295|t|Country - specific chemical signatures of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in breast milk of French, Danish and Finnish women
27521295|a|The present study compares concentrations and chemical profiles of an extended range of persistent organic pollutants (dioxins, polychlorobiphenyls, brominated flame retardants and organochlorine pesticides) in breast milk samples from French (n = 96), Danish (n = 438) and Finnish (n = 22) women. Median exposure levels observed in French women (WHO - TEQ 2005 PCDD/F = 6.1 pg/g l.w., WHO - TEQ 2005 dl-PCB = 4.3 pg/g l.w., sum of 6 ndl-PCB = 85.2 ng/g l.w., sum of 7 i-PBDE = 1.5 ng/g l.w.) appeared overall lower than in Danish and Finnish women for all examined POPs, except for α-HBCD (2-fold higher level at 0.6 ng/g l.w.). Furthermore, the observed exposure levels of dioxins and PCBs were higher in Danish women (WHO - TEQ 2005 PCDD/F = 13.2 pg/g l.w., WHO - TEQ 2005 dl-PCB = 6.6 pg/g l.w., sum of 6 ndl-PCB = 162.8 ng/g l.w.) compared to Finnish women (WHO - TEQ 2005 PCDD/F = 9.0 pg/g l.w., WHO - TEQ 2005 dl-PCB = 4.6 pg/g l.w., sum of 6 ndl-PCB = 104.0 ng/g l.w.), whereas the concentrations of PBDEs were similar for Danish and Finnish women (sum of 7 i-PBDE = 4.9 and 5.2 ng/g l.w. respectively). The organochlorine (OC) pesticide contamination profile, determined in a subset of French samples, was dominated by p,p'-DDE (56.6%), followed by β-HCH (14.2%), HCB (9.7%) and dieldrin (5.2%), while other compounds were only minor contributors (<5%). The three countries appeared to be discriminated by the observed contamination patterns of the PCDD/F versus PCB, and the 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD versus 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD ratios, in addition to the relative contributions of specific congeners to the contamination profile (PCBs #118 and #156, PBDEs #28, #47, #99 and #153). In conclusion, unique chemical signatures were observed for each country on the basis of some POP congeners. Future biomonitoring studies will need to consider the high variability of individual exposure profiles in relation to multiple exposure sources but also physiological and metabolic differences.
27521295	0	7	Country	T083	C0454664
27521295	10	18	specific	T080	C0205369
27521295	19	38	chemical signatures	T070	C0243176
27521295	42	52	persistent	T079	C0205322
27521295	53	71	organic pollutants	T131	C0599786
27521295	73	77	POPs	T131	C0599786
27521295	82	93	breast milk	T031	C0026131
27521295	97	103	French	T098	C1556084
27521295	105	111	Danish	T098	C1257890
27521295	116	123	Finnish	T098	C1711254
27521295	124	129	women	T098	C0043210
27521295	142	147	study	T062	C2603343
27521295	148	156	compares	T052	C1707455
27521295	157	171	concentrations	T081	C0392762
27521295	176	193	chemical profiles	T059	C0545265
27521295	218	228	persistent	T079	C0205322
27521295	229	247	organic pollutants	T131	C0599786
27521295	249	256	dioxins	T109,T131	C0012503
27521295	258	277	polychlorobiphenyls	T109,T131	C0032447
27521295	279	306	brominated flame retardants	T120	C0016198
27521295	311	336	organochlorine pesticides	T109,T131	C0392143
27521295	341	360	breast milk samples	T031	C0444319
27521295	366	372	French	T098	C1556084
27521295	383	389	Danish	T098	C1257890
27521295	404	411	Finnish	T098	C1711254
27521295	421	426	women	T098	C0043210
27521295	428	434	Median	T081	C0876920
27521295	435	443	exposure	T080	C0332157
27521295	444	450	levels	T080	C0441889
27521295	463	469	French	T098	C1556084
27521295	470	475	women	T098	C0043210
27521295	477	480	WHO	T093	C0043237
27521295	483	486	TEQ	T081	C0392762
27521295	492	498	PCDD/F	T109,T131	C0012503
27521295	516	519	WHO	T093	C0043237
27521295	522	525	TEQ	T081	C0392762
27521295	531	537	dl-PCB	T109,T131	C4277703
27521295	564	571	ndl-PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
27521295	599	605	i-PBDE	T109,T131	C0032441
27521295	654	660	Danish	T098	C1257890
27521295	665	672	Finnish	T098	C1711254
27521295	673	678	women	T098	C0043210
27521295	696	700	POPs	T131	C0599786
27521295	713	719	α-HBCD	T109,T121	C0289463
27521295	786	794	exposure	T080	C0332157
27521295	795	801	levels	T080	C0441889
27521295	805	812	dioxins	T109,T131	C0012503
27521295	817	821	PCBs	T109,T131	C0032447
27521295	837	849	Danish women	T098	C0043210
27521295	851	854	WHO	T093	C0043237
27521295	857	860	TEQ	T081	C0392762
27521295	866	872	PCDD/F	T109,T131	C0012503
27521295	891	894	WHO	T093	C0043237
27521295	897	900	TEQ	T081	C0392762
27521295	906	912	dl-PCB	T109,T131	C4277703
27521295	939	946	ndl-PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
27521295	978	985	Finnish	T098	C1711254
27521295	986	991	women	T098	C0043210
27521295	993	996	WHO	T093	C0043237
27521295	999	1002	TEQ	T081	C0392762
27521295	1008	1014	PCDD/F	T109,T131	C0012503
27521295	1032	1035	WHO	T093	C0043237
27521295	1038	1041	TEQ	T081	C0392762
27521295	1047	1053	dl-PCB	T109,T131	C4277703
27521295	1080	1087	ndl-PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
27521295	1120	1134	concentrations	T081	C0392762
27521295	1138	1143	PBDEs	T109,T131	C0032441
27521295	1161	1167	Danish	T098	C1257890
27521295	1172	1179	Finnish	T098	C1711254
27521295	1180	1185	women	T098	C0043210
27521295	1196	1202	i-PBDE	T109,T131	C0032441
27521295	1246	1275	organochlorine (OC) pesticide	T109,T131	C0392143
27521295	1276	1289	contamination	T078	C2349974
27521295	1290	1297	profile	T059	C1979963
27521295	1315	1321	subset	T185	C1515021
27521295	1325	1331	French	T098	C1556084
27521295	1332	1339	samples	T167	C0370003
27521295	1358	1366	p,p'-DDE	T109,T131	C0011038
27521295	1388	1393	β-HCH	T109,T131	C0053448
27521295	1403	1406	HCB	T109,T131	C0019432
27521295	1418	1426	dieldrin	T109,T131	C0012141
27521295	1447	1456	compounds	T080	C0205198
27521295	1467	1472	minor	T080	C0205165
27521295	1473	1485	contributors	T077	C1254372
27521295	1503	1512	countries	T083	C0454664
27521295	1528	1541	discriminated	T080	C0205235
27521295	1558	1571	contamination	T078	C2349974
27521295	1572	1580	patterns	T082	C0449774
27521295	1588	1594	PCDD/F	T109,T131	C0012503
27521295	1602	1605	PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
27521295	1615	1632	1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD	T109	C0043755
27521295	1640	1657	1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD	T109	C0210530
27521295	1658	1664	ratios	T081	C0456603
27521295	1694	1707	contributions	T052	C1880177
27521295	1720	1729	congeners	T104	C0678518
27521295	1737	1750	contamination	T078	C2349974
27521295	1751	1758	profile	T059	C1979963
27521295	1760	1764	PCBs	T109,T131	C0032447
27521295	1780	1785	PBDEs	T109,T131	C0032441
27521295	1833	1852	chemical signatures	T070	C0243176
27521295	1876	1883	country	T083	C0454664
27521295	1905	1908	POP	T131	C0599786
27521295	1909	1918	congeners	T104	C0678518
27521295	1927	1948	biomonitoring studies	T062	C0681814
27521295	1980	1991	variability	T077	C2827666
27521295	1995	2005	individual	T098	C0237401
27521295	2006	2014	exposure	T080	C0332157
27521295	2015	2023	profiles	T059	C1979963
27521295	2039	2047	multiple	T081	C0439064
27521295	2048	2056	exposure	T080	C0332157
27521295	2057	2064	sources	T033	C0449416
27521295	2074	2087	physiological	T169	C0205463
27521295	2092	2101	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27521295	2102	2113	differences	T080	C1705242

27521418|t|Defining the sham environment for post-myocardial infarction studies in mice
27521418|a|The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sham surgery in a minimally invasive surgical model of permanent coronary artery occlusion used to generate myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. Adult male C57BL/6J mice (3-6 mo old) were divided into five groups: day (D) 0 (no surgical operation), D1 Sham, D1 MI, D7 Sham, and D7 MI. A refined MI surgery technique was used to approach the coronary artery without the ribs being cut. Both sham and MI mice had the left ventricle (LV) exposed through a small incision. To test the effects of surgery alone, the suture was passed around the coronary artery but not ligated. The MI mice were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation. The mice were killed at D1 or D7 postsurgical procedure. Compared with D0 no surgery controls, the D1 and D7 sham groups exhibited no surgical mortality and similar necropsy and echocardiographic variables. Surgery alone did not induce an inflammatory cell response, as evidenced by the lack of leukocyte infiltration in the sham groups. Analysis of 165 inflammatory cytokines and extracellular matrix factors in sham revealed that a minor gene response was initiated but not translated to protein levels. Collagen deposition did not occur in the absence of MI. In contrast, the D1 and D7 MI groups showed the expected robust inflammatory and scar formation responses. When a minimally invasive procedure to generate MI in mice was used, the D0 (no surgical operation) control was an adequate replacement for the use of sham surgery groups.
27521418	13	17	sham	T061	C0032042
27521418	18	29	environment	T082	C0014406
27521418	34	60	post-myocardial infarction	T047	C0152107
27521418	61	68	studies	T062	C2603343
27521418	72	76	mice	T015	C0025929
27521418	81	88	purpose	T169	C1285529
27521418	97	102	study	T062	C2603343
27521418	110	118	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27521418	123	129	effect	T080	C1280500
27521418	133	137	sham	T061	C0032042
27521418	138	145	surgery	T061	C0543467
27521418	151	178	minimally invasive surgical	T061	C0282624
27521418	179	184	model	T050	C0012644
27521418	188	197	permanent	T079	C0205355
27521418	198	223	coronary artery occlusion	T047	C0151814
27521418	232	240	generate	T052	C3146294
27521418	241	262	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27521418	264	266	MI	T047	C0027051
27521418	271	275	mice	T015	C0025929
27521418	283	287	male	T032	C0086582
27521418	288	301	C57BL/6J mice	T015	C1521751
27521418	320	327	divided	T169	C0332849
27521418	338	344	groups	T078	C0441833
27521418	357	378	no surgical operation	T033	C0243095
27521418	384	388	Sham	T061	C0032042
27521418	393	395	MI	T047	C0027051
27521418	400	404	Sham	T061	C0032042
27521418	413	415	MI	T047	C0027051
27521418	427	429	MI	T047	C0027051
27521418	430	437	surgery	T061	C0543467
27521418	438	447	technique	T169	C0449851
27521418	473	488	coronary artery	T023	C0205042
27521418	501	505	ribs	T023	C0223074
27521418	522	526	sham	T061	C0032042
27521418	531	533	MI	T047	C0027051
27521418	534	538	mice	T015	C0025929
27521418	547	561	left ventricle	T023	C0225897
27521418	563	565	LV	T023	C0225897
27521418	567	574	exposed	T080	C0332157
27521418	585	590	small	T081	C0700321
27521418	591	599	incision	T061	C0184898
27521418	604	608	test	T169	C0039593
27521418	613	620	effects	T080	C1280500
27521418	624	631	surgery	T061	C0543467
27521418	643	649	suture	T074	C0038969
27521418	672	687	coronary artery	T023	C0205042
27521418	696	703	ligated	T061	C0023690
27521418	709	711	MI	T047	C0027051
27521418	712	716	mice	T015	C0025929
27521418	735	744	permanent	T079	C0205355
27521418	745	769	coronary artery ligation	T061	C0396819
27521418	775	779	mice	T015	C0025929
27521418	785	791	killed	T078	C0681205
27521418	804	816	postsurgical	T079	C0032790
27521418	817	826	procedure	T169	C2700391
27521418	828	836	Compared	T052	C1707455
27521418	848	855	surgery	T061	C0543467
27521418	856	864	controls	T096	C0009932
27521418	880	884	sham	T061	C0032042
27521418	885	891	groups	T078	C0441833
27521418	905	913	surgical	T061	C0543467
27521418	914	923	mortality	T081	C0205848
27521418	928	935	similar	T080	C2348205
27521418	936	944	necropsy	T060	C0004398
27521418	949	966	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
27521418	967	976	variables	T080	C0439828
27521418	978	985	Surgery	T061	C0543467
27521418	1000	1006	induce	T169	C0205263
27521418	1010	1036	inflammatory cell response	T046	C1155266
27521418	1041	1050	evidenced	T078	C3887511
27521418	1058	1062	lack	T080	C0332268
27521418	1066	1088	leukocyte infiltration	T033	C0333361
27521418	1096	1100	sham	T061	C0032042
27521418	1101	1107	groups	T078	C0441833
27521418	1109	1117	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27521418	1125	1137	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27521418	1138	1147	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27521418	1152	1172	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27521418	1173	1180	factors	T129	C0021054
27521418	1184	1188	sham	T061	C0032042
27521418	1189	1197	revealed	T080	C0443289
27521418	1205	1210	minor	T080	C0205165
27521418	1211	1215	gene	T028	C0017337
27521418	1216	1224	response	T032	C0871261
27521418	1229	1238	initiated	T169	C1704686
27521418	1247	1257	translated	T045	C1519614
27521418	1261	1268	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27521418	1269	1275	levels	T080	C0441889
27521418	1277	1285	Collagen	T116	C0009325
27521418	1286	1296	deposition	T169	C0333562
27521418	1305	1310	occur	T052	C1709305
27521418	1318	1325	absence	T169	C0332197
27521418	1329	1331	MI	T047	C0027051
27521418	1360	1362	MI	T047	C0027051
27521418	1363	1369	groups	T078	C0441833
27521418	1381	1389	expected	T170	C1517001
27521418	1390	1396	robust	T080	C2986815
27521418	1397	1409	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27521418	1414	1428	scar formation	T033	C1822291
27521418	1429	1438	responses	T032	C0871261
27521418	1447	1475	minimally invasive procedure	T169	C2711297
27521418	1479	1487	generate	T052	C3146294
27521418	1488	1490	MI	T047	C0027051
27521418	1494	1498	mice	T015	C0025929
27521418	1517	1538	no surgical operation	T033	C0243095
27521418	1540	1547	control	T096	C0009932
27521418	1555	1563	adequate	T080	C0205411
27521418	1564	1575	replacement	T169	C0559956
27521418	1591	1595	sham	T061	C0032042
27521418	1596	1603	surgery	T061	C0543467
27521418	1604	1610	groups	T078	C0441833

27521864|t|Transfusion medicine in medical education: an analysis of curricular grids in Brazil and a review of the current literature
27521864|a|Blood transfusions are one of the most performed medical procedures in the world. Thus, as education in transfusion medicine is vital to medical care, it should aim to promote a responsible practice with the rational use of blood by doctors. This study aims to investigate the situation of the teaching of transfusion medicine in medical schools in Brazil. The websites of the 249 Brazilian medical schools in operation in June 2015 were visited and the curricula of the medical courses were investigated in respect to the presence or absence of a transfusion medicine discipline. When available, the subject grids were analyzed to verify whether a description of content regarding transfusion medicine was given within other disciplines. Of the 249 medical school sites visited, information on the curriculum was obtained from 178. Of the medical schools that published their curriculum, 132 (74.1%) did not have disciplines of transfusion medicine or hematology and only seven (3.9%) had a discipline of transfusion medicine in the curricular grid. Education on transfusion medicine is of fundamental importance for safe and efficient transfusion practices. Deficiencies in medical knowledge of this subject have been found worldwide. The results of this study indicate a possible deficiency in teaching the basics of this specialty. Thus, additional prospective studies to assess the knowledge and practice of transfusion medicine in Brazilian medical schools are warranted, which could prompt a discussion on the importance of offering training in transfusion medicine to medical students.
27521864	0	20	Transfusion medicine	T091	C1273858
27521864	24	41	medical education	T065	C0013631
27521864	46	54	analysis	T062	C0936012
27521864	58	74	curricular grids	UnknownType	C0681363
27521864	78	84	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27521864	91	97	review	T078	C1552617
27521864	105	123	current literature	T170	C0023866
27521864	124	142	Blood transfusions	T061	C0005841
27521864	173	191	medical procedures	T058	C0199171
27521864	199	204	world	T098	C2700280
27521864	215	224	education	T065	C0013621
27521864	228	248	transfusion medicine	T091	C1273858
27521864	252	257	vital	T080	C0442732
27521864	261	273	medical care	T033	C0496675
27521864	292	299	promote	T052	C0033414
27521864	314	322	practice	T057	C0033284
27521864	348	353	blood	T031	C0005767
27521864	357	364	doctors	T097	C0031831
27521864	385	396	investigate	T169	C1292732
27521864	418	426	teaching	T065	C0039401
27521864	430	450	transfusion medicine	T091	C1273858
27521864	454	469	medical schools	T073,T093	C0036378
27521864	473	479	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27521864	485	493	websites	T170	C2349146
27521864	505	514	Brazilian	T098	C1257890
27521864	515	530	medical schools	T073,T093	C0036378
27521864	534	543	operation	T052	C3241922
27521864	578	587	curricula	T170	C0010478
27521864	595	610	medical courses	T065	C0013652
27521864	616	628	investigated	T169	C1292732
27521864	672	703	transfusion medicine discipline	T091	C1273858
27521864	744	752	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27521864	773	795	description of content	T170	C0678257
27521864	806	826	transfusion medicine	T091	C1273858
27521864	850	861	disciplines	T090	C1518533
27521864	874	888	medical school	T073,T093	C0036378
27521864	904	915	information	T078	C1533716
27521864	923	933	curriculum	T170	C0010478
27521864	964	979	medical schools	T073,T093	C0036378
27521864	985	994	published	T057	C0034037
27521864	1001	1011	curriculum	T170	C0010478
27521864	1038	1073	disciplines of transfusion medicine	T091	C1273858
27521864	1077	1087	hematology	T091	C0018943
27521864	1116	1150	discipline of transfusion medicine	T091	C1273858
27521864	1158	1173	curricular grid	UnknownType	C0681363
27521864	1175	1184	Education	T065	C0013621
27521864	1188	1208	transfusion medicine	T091	C1273858
27521864	1215	1237	fundamental importance	T080	C3898777
27521864	1242	1282	safe and efficient transfusion practices	T061	C1879316
27521864	1284	1296	Deficiencies	T169	C0011155
27521864	1300	1307	medical	T169	C0205476
27521864	1308	1317	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27521864	1407	1417	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27521864	1421	1429	teaching	T065	C0039401
27521864	1434	1440	basics	T169	C1527178
27521864	1477	1496	prospective studies	T062	C0033522
27521864	1500	1506	assess	T058	C0184514
27521864	1511	1520	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27521864	1537	1557	transfusion medicine	T091	C1273858
27521864	1561	1570	Brazilian	T098	C1257890
27521864	1571	1586	medical schools	T073,T093	C0036378
27521864	1641	1651	importance	T080	C3898777
27521864	1664	1672	training	T065	C0220931
27521864	1676	1696	transfusion medicine	T091	C1273858
27521864	1700	1716	medical students	T097	C0038495

27521980|t|Core Privileging and Credentialing: Hospitals' Approach to Gynecologic Surgery
27521980|a|Privileging and credentialing requirements are determined by medical staff leadership at the hospital level to ensure clinicians provide safe healthcare services. No standardized guidelines exist for gynecologic surgery. The objective of this study is to examine the variability of the criteria used to grant surgical privileges and credentials for gynecologic procedures at 5 high-volume academic and community-based US hospitals. We conducted a cross-sectional study (Canadian Task Force classification III). Data was obtained from obtained from 5 geographically diverse hospital systems. We examined criteria for designating core gynecologic privileges, credentialing, and other training requirements as well as minimum and annual case numbers for initial granting and maintenance of surgical privileges. Major inconsistencies in privileging were found alacross the 5 institutions. Hospitals varied widely in procedures designated as core versus those requiring advanced training. Institutions greatly contrasted in the case numbers and temporal factors used to define experience. Of particular concern was absent privileging criteria for 38.4% to 76.9% of minor procedures, 26.7% to 46.7% of endoscopic procedures, and 6.67% to 56.7% of major procedures. Initial and maintenance privileging requirements for special procedures (i.e., robotic-assisted surgery) were likewise discrepant, with minimum annual case numbers ranging from 3 to 48 across hospitals. Considerable variability exists in the criteria used by hospitals for granting and maintaining surgical privileges for gynecologic procedures. Standardization will likely require efforts at a national leadership level.
27521980	0	4	Core	T082	C0444669
27521980	5	16	Privileging	T078	C1547898
27521980	21	34	Credentialing	T064	C0010298
27521980	36	46	Hospitals'	T073,T093	C0019994
27521980	47	55	Approach	T082	C0449445
27521980	59	78	Gynecologic Surgery	T061	C0038902
27521980	79	90	Privileging	T078	C1547898
27521980	95	108	credentialing	T064	C0010298
27521980	109	121	requirements	T169	C1514873
27521980	140	153	medical staff	T097	C0025106
27521980	154	164	leadership	T054	C0023181
27521980	172	180	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27521980	197	207	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27521980	221	240	healthcare services	T093	C0557829
27521980	245	268	standardized guidelines	T061	C0935576
27521980	279	298	gynecologic surgery	T061	C0038902
27521980	322	327	study	T062	C2603343
27521980	346	357	variability	T077	C2827666
27521980	365	373	criteria	T078	C0243161
27521980	388	407	surgical privileges	T058	C0587668
27521980	412	423	credentials	T064	C0010298
27521980	428	450	gynecologic procedures	T061	C0038902
27521980	456	467	high-volume	T073,T093	C3494218
27521980	468	476	academic	T092	C1510747
27521980	481	496	community-based	T073,T093	C0020003
27521980	497	499	US	T083	C0041703
27521980	500	509	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27521980	526	547	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27521980	549	557	Canadian	T033	C0238884
27521980	558	568	Task Force	T064	C0162458
27521980	569	583	classification	T185	C0008902
27521980	590	594	Data	T078	C1511726
27521980	629	643	geographically	UnknownType	C0681784
27521980	652	668	hospital systems	T058	C0019964
27521980	682	690	criteria	T078	C0243161
27521980	707	734	core gynecologic privileges	T093	C0587595
27521980	736	749	credentialing	T064	C0010298
27521980	761	769	training	T065	C0220931
27521980	770	782	requirements	T169	C1514873
27521980	794	801	minimum	T080	C1524031
27521980	806	812	annual	T079	C0332181
27521980	851	862	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27521980	866	885	surgical privileges	T058	C0587668
27521980	893	908	inconsistencies	T080	C0442809
27521980	912	923	privileging	T078	C1547898
27521980	950	962	institutions	T093	C2607850
27521980	964	973	Hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27521980	991	1001	procedures	T169	C2700391
27521980	1016	1020	core	T082	C0444669
27521980	1034	1043	requiring	T169	C1514873
27521980	1053	1061	training	T065	C0220931
27521980	1063	1075	Institutions	T093	C2607850
27521980	1102	1114	case numbers	T080	C3274646
27521980	1196	1207	privileging	T078	C1547898
27521980	1208	1216	criteria	T078	C0243161
27521980	1245	1255	procedures	T169	C2700391
27521980	1275	1296	endoscopic procedures	T060	C0014245
27521980	1326	1336	procedures	T169	C2700391
27521980	1350	1361	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27521980	1362	1373	privileging	T078	C1547898
27521980	1374	1386	requirements	T169	C1514873
27521980	1391	1409	special procedures	T058	C3527150
27521980	1417	1441	robotic-assisted surgery	T061	C4038855
27521980	1457	1467	discrepant	T033	C1290905
27521980	1474	1481	minimum	T080	C1524031
27521980	1489	1501	case numbers	T080	C3274646
27521980	1502	1509	ranging	T081	C1514721
27521980	1530	1539	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27521980	1554	1565	variability	T077	C2827666
27521980	1580	1588	criteria	T078	C0243161
27521980	1597	1606	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27521980	1624	1635	maintaining	T052	C0024501
27521980	1636	1655	surgical privileges	T058	C0587668
27521980	1660	1682	gynecologic procedures	T061	C0038902
27521980	1684	1699	Standardization	T062	C0038136
27521980	1733	1758	national leadership level	T082	C0681788
27521980	1742	1752	leadership	T054	C0023181

27522061|t|Development and Validation of a 10-Year Mortality Prediction Model: Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data From Five Cohorts of Older Adults in Developed and Developing Countries
27522061|a|Existing mortality prediction models for older adults have been each developed using a single study from the United States or Western Europe. We aimed to develop and validate a 10-year mortality prediction model for older adults using data from developed and developing countries. We used data from five cohorts, including data from 16 developed and developing countries: ELSA (English Longitudinal Study of Aging), HRS (Health and Retirement Study), MHAS (Mexican Health and Aging Study), SABE-Sao Paulo (The Health, Well-being and Aging), and SHARE (Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe). 35,367 older adults were split into training (two thirds) and test (one third) data sets. Baseline predictors included age, sex, comorbidities, and functional and cognitive measures. We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis using a sex-stratified Cox proportional hazards model, with time to death as the time scale. We validated the model using Harrell's C statistic (discrimination) and the estimated slope between observed and predicted 10-year mortality risk across deciles of risk (calibration). During a median of 8.6 years, 8,325 participants died. The final model included age, sex, diabetes, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, physical activity, self-reported health, difficulty with bathing, walking several blocks, and reporting date correctly. The model showed good discrimination (Harrell's C = 0.76) and calibration (slope = 1.005). Models for developed versus developing country cohorts performed equally well when applied to data from developing countries. A parsimonious mortality prediction model using data from multiple cohorts in developed and developing countries can be used to predict mortality in older adults in both settings.
27522061	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
27522061	16	26	Validation	T062	C1519941
27522061	40	66	Mortality Prediction Model	T170	C0451318
27522061	68	81	Meta-Analysis	T062	C0920317
27522061	85	95	Individual	T098	C0237401
27522061	96	107	Participant	T098	C0679646
27522061	108	112	Data	T078	C1511726
27522061	123	130	Cohorts	T098	C0599755
27522061	140	146	Adults	T100	C0001675
27522061	150	159	Developed	T080	C0282613
27522061	164	184	Developing Countries	T080	C0011750
27522061	194	221	mortality prediction models	T170	C0451318
27522061	232	238	adults	T100	C0001675
27522061	254	263	developed	T169	C1527148
27522061	294	307	United States	T083	C0041703
27522061	311	325	Western Europe	T083	C0043129
27522061	339	346	develop	T169	C1527148
27522061	351	359	validate	T062	C1519941
27522061	370	396	mortality prediction model	T170	C0451318
27522061	407	413	adults	T100	C0001675
27522061	420	424	data	T078	C1511726
27522061	430	439	developed	T080	C0282613
27522061	444	464	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27522061	474	478	data	T078	C1511726
27522061	489	496	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27522061	508	512	data	T078	C1511726
27522061	521	530	developed	T080	C0282613
27522061	535	555	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27522061	557	561	ELSA	T062	C0242481
27522061	563	598	English Longitudinal Study of Aging	T062	C0242481
27522061	601	604	HRS	T062	C0242481
27522061	606	633	Health and Retirement Study	T062	C0242481
27522061	636	640	MHAS	T062	C0242481
27522061	642	672	Mexican Health and Aging Study	T062	C0242481
27522061	675	689	SABE-Sao Paulo	T062	C0242481
27522061	691	723	The Health, Well-being and Aging	T062	C0242481
27522061	730	735	SHARE	T062	C0242481
27522061	737	786	Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe	T062	C0242481
27522061	802	808	adults	T100	C0001675
27522061	825	833	training	T080	C2673163
27522061	868	872	data	T078	C1511726
27522061	879	887	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27522061	888	898	predictors	T078	C2698872
27522061	908	911	age	T032	C0001779
27522061	913	916	sex	T032	C1522384
27522061	918	931	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27522061	937	947	functional	T169	C0205245
27522061	952	961	cognitive	T169	C1516691
27522061	962	970	measures	T169	C1879489
27522061	988	998	individual	T098	C0237401
27522061	999	1010	participant	T098	C0679646
27522061	1011	1015	data	T078	C1511726
27522061	1016	1029	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27522061	1038	1083	sex-stratified Cox proportional hazards model	T170	C0282574
27522061	1090	1103	time to death	T079	C1301931
27522061	1111	1121	time scale	T079	C1254367
27522061	1126	1135	validated	T062	C1519941
27522061	1152	1173	Harrell's C statistic	T170	C0282574
27522061	1223	1231	observed	T169	C1441672
27522061	1236	1245	predicted	T078	C0681842
27522061	1254	1263	mortality	T081	C0026565
27522061	1264	1268	risk	T078	C0035647
27522061	1287	1291	risk	T078	C0035647
27522061	1293	1304	calibration	T081	C0006751
27522061	1343	1355	participants	T098	C0679646
27522061	1387	1390	age	T032	C0001779
27522061	1392	1395	sex	T032	C1522384
27522061	1397	1405	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27522061	1407	1420	heart disease	T047	C0018799
27522061	1422	1434	lung disease	T047	C0024115
27522061	1436	1442	cancer	T191	C0006826
27522061	1444	1451	smoking	T055	C0037369
27522061	1453	1464	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27522061	1466	1481	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27522061	1483	1500	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27522061	1502	1522	self-reported health	T201	C4265455
27522061	1540	1547	bathing	T061	C0150141
27522061	1549	1571	walking several blocks	T170	C3827521
27522061	1665	1676	calibration	T081	C0006751
27522061	1705	1714	developed	T080	C0282613
27522061	1722	1740	developing country	T080	C0011750
27522061	1741	1748	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27522061	1788	1792	data	T078	C1511726
27522061	1798	1818	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27522061	1835	1861	mortality prediction model	T170	C0451318
27522061	1868	1872	data	T078	C1511726
27522061	1887	1894	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27522061	1898	1907	developed	T080	C0282613
27522061	1912	1932	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27522061	1956	1965	mortality	T081	C0026565
27522061	1975	1981	adults	T100	C0001675

27522512|t|Outcomes of Subaortic Obstruction Resection in Children
27522512|a|Studies of long-term outcomes of discrete subaortic stenosis are rare. Therefore, we reviewed the long-term outcomes of fibromuscular resection in children with subaortic stenosis over 26 years from a single institution. We conducted a retrospective review of all children (n=72) who underwent resection of subaortic obstruction for discrete subaortic stenosis between 1989 and 2015. Median age at surgery was 5.0 years (2.7-7.6 years). There were no operative deaths but three late deaths (4.2%, 3/72). Overall Kaplan-Meier survival at 10 years was 93.0 ± 3.9% (95% CI: 79.6, 97.7). Peak instantaneous left ventricular outflow tract Doppler gradient decreased from 74.2±36.7mmHg (16.0-242.0mmHg) preoperatively to 12.8±7.4mmHg (2.6-36.0mmHg) postoperatively (p<0.001). Mean left ventricular outflow tract Doppler gradient decreased from 42.4±17.2mmHg (12.0-98.0) preoperatively to 7.5±2.7mmHg (1.4-19.3mmHg) postoperatively (p<0.001). However, over the mean follow-up period of 7.8±6.1 years (0.1-25.2 years), 29.0% (20/69) of patients had recurrence and 18.8% (13/69) required reoperation at median time of 4.8 years (3.1-9.1 years) after the initial repair. Freedom from reoperation at 10 years was 71.1±7.1% (95% CI: 54.6, 82.3). Risk factors for reoperation were age less than five years at initial repair (p=0.036) and extension of the membrane to the aortic valve (p=0.001). Aortic insufficiency was present in 54.2% (39/72) of patients preoperatively. Progression of aortic insufficiency occurred in 38.9% (28/72). Involvement of the aortic valve at initial repair was associated with need for subsequent aortic valve repair or replacement (p=0.01). Resection of subaortic obstruction is associated with low mortality and morbidity. Recurrence and reoperation rates are high and progression of aortic insufficiency following subaortic resection is common. Therefore, these patients warrant close follow-up into adult life.
27522512	0	8	Outcomes	T033	C0679250
27522512	12	33	Subaortic Obstruction	T033	C3163719
27522512	34	43	Resection	T061	C0728940
27522512	47	55	Children	T100	C0008059
27522512	56	63	Studies	T062	C2603343
27522512	67	76	long-term	T079	C0443252
27522512	77	85	outcomes	T033	C0679250
27522512	89	116	discrete subaortic stenosis	T047	C0012628
27522512	141	149	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27522512	154	163	long-term	T079	C0443252
27522512	164	172	outcomes	T033	C0679250
27522512	176	199	fibromuscular resection	T061	C0397302
27522512	203	211	children	T100	C0008059
27522512	217	235	subaortic stenosis	T047	C0340375
27522512	244	249	years	T079	C0439234
27522512	264	275	institution	T093	C2607850
27522512	292	312	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
27522512	320	328	children	T100	C0008059
27522512	350	359	resection	T061	C0728940
27522512	363	384	subaortic obstruction	T033	C3163719
27522512	389	416	discrete subaortic stenosis	T047	C0012628
27522512	440	446	Median	T082	C0549183
27522512	447	450	age	T032	C0001779
27522512	454	461	surgery	T061	C0543467
27522512	470	475	years	T079	C0439234
27522512	485	490	years	T079	C0439234
27522512	504	523	no operative deaths	T033	C0243095
27522512	534	545	late deaths	T033	C1306577
27522512	568	580	Kaplan-Meier	T081	C1720943
27522512	581	589	survival	T081	C4086681
27522512	596	601	years	T079	C0439234
27522512	623	625	CI	T081	C0009667
27522512	659	689	left ventricular outflow tract	T023	C4284103
27522512	690	697	Doppler	T060	C0162481
27522512	698	706	gradient	T081	C0812409
27522512	707	716	decreased	T080	C0392756
27522512	753	767	preoperatively	T033	C0178808
27522512	799	814	postoperatively	T033	C0231287
27522512	826	830	Mean	T081	C0444504
27522512	831	861	left ventricular outflow tract	T023	C4284103
27522512	862	869	Doppler	T060	C0162481
27522512	870	878	gradient	T081	C0812409
27522512	879	888	decreased	T080	C0392756
27522512	920	934	preoperatively	T033	C0178808
27522512	965	980	postoperatively	T033	C0231287
27522512	1010	1014	mean	T081	C0444504
27522512	1015	1024	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27522512	1025	1031	period	T079	C1948053
27522512	1043	1048	years	T079	C0439234
27522512	1059	1064	years	T079	C0439234
27522512	1084	1092	patients	T101	C0030705
27522512	1097	1107	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27522512	1135	1146	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27522512	1169	1174	years	T079	C0439234
27522512	1184	1189	years	T079	C0439234
27522512	1201	1215	initial repair	T061	C0374711
27522512	1230	1241	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27522512	1248	1253	years	T079	C0439234
27522512	1273	1275	CI	T081	C0009667
27522512	1290	1302	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
27522512	1307	1318	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27522512	1324	1327	age	T032	C0001779
27522512	1343	1348	years	T079	C0439234
27522512	1352	1366	initial repair	T061	C0374711
27522512	1381	1406	extension of the membrane	T026	C1818669
27522512	1414	1426	aortic valve	T023	C0003501
27522512	1438	1458	Aortic insufficiency	T047	C0003504
27522512	1491	1499	patients	T101	C0030705
27522512	1500	1514	preoperatively	T033	C0178808
27522512	1516	1527	Progression	T169	C0449258
27522512	1531	1551	aortic insufficiency	T047	C0003504
27522512	1579	1590	Involvement	T169	C1314939
27522512	1598	1610	aortic valve	T023	C0003501
27522512	1614	1628	initial repair	T061	C0374711
27522512	1633	1648	associated with	T080	C0332281
27522512	1669	1703	aortic valve repair or replacement	T061	C0003506
27522512	1714	1723	Resection	T061	C0728940
27522512	1727	1748	subaortic obstruction	T033	C3163719
27522512	1752	1767	associated with	T080	C0332281
27522512	1768	1771	low	T080	C0205251
27522512	1772	1781	mortality	T081	C0178686
27522512	1786	1795	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27522512	1797	1807	Recurrence	T046	C2825055
27522512	1812	1823	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27522512	1824	1829	rates	T081	C1521828
27522512	1834	1838	high	T080	C0205250
27522512	1843	1878	progression of aortic insufficiency	T047	C0003504
27522512	1889	1898	subaortic	T023	C0003483
27522512	1899	1908	resection	T061	C0728940
27522512	1937	1945	patients	T101	C0030705
27522512	1960	1969	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27522512	1975	1985	adult life	T100	C0001675

27524031|t|Advanced interlocking systems to improve heavy - load-bearing characteristics of flexible intramedullary nailing
27524031|a|Flexible intramedullary nailing (FIN) is a minimally invasive and widespread standard method for osteosynthesis of pediatric long bone fractures. In the case of unstable fractures of the lower extremity, interlocking systems need to be used to prevent axial shortening and subsequent perforation of the nail at its insertion site. In the present study, four different screw -fixed interlocking systems for FINs (Hofer TwinPlug with two 3-mm titanium interlocking screws, Hofer FixPlug with 3-mm titanium interlocking screw, Hofer Plug with 3.5-mm titanium interlocking screw, and Hofer Plug with 3-mm titanium interlocking screw) in comparison with the commonly used Ender stainless steel nails (locked with 3.5-mm screw) were experimentally investigated in cadaveric lamb tibiae, regarding their load characteristics and failure modes in the case of heavy loading. The specimens were subjected to sequential axial cyclic loading of 5000 cycles with stepwise increase of the load amplitude until failure. Migration of locking screws and internal damage of bone tissue was quantified by micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. Ender nails failed on average at a peak load of 800 N, TwinPlugs at 1367 N, FixPlugs at 1222 N, Plugs 3.5mm at 1225 N and Plugs 3.0mm at 971 N. TwinPlugs, FixPlugs, and Plugs 3.5mm failed in a slow manner over several hundred loading cycles, whereas Ender nails and Plugs 3.0mm exhibited abrupt failure without any prior indication. Our results confirm that axial stability of FIN can be further improved by screw -fixed plugs by simultaneously avoiding shortcomings of an eye-locked system, which the Ender nails are. Considering biomechanical results, plug interlocking systems with 3.5-mm screws should be favored over conventional Ender nails and plugs with 3-mm screws.
27524031	0	8	Advanced	T080	C0205179
27524031	9	29	interlocking systems	T074	C0025080
27524031	33	40	improve	T033	C0184511
27524031	41	46	heavy	T080	C0439539
27524031	49	61	load-bearing	T032	C1318107
27524031	62	77	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27524031	81	89	flexible	T080	C0443220
27524031	90	112	intramedullary nailing	T061	C0021885
27524031	113	121	Flexible	T080	C0443220
27524031	122	144	intramedullary nailing	T061	C0021885
27524031	146	149	FIN	T061	C0021885
27524031	156	174	minimally invasive	T061	C0282624
27524031	179	189	widespread	T082	C0205391
27524031	190	198	standard	T080	C1442989
27524031	199	205	method	T061	C0087111
27524031	210	224	osteosynthesis	T061	C0016643
27524031	228	237	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27524031	238	257	long bone fractures	T033	C0240231
27524031	274	292	unstable fractures	T037	C0559876
27524031	300	315	lower extremity	T023	C0023216
27524031	317	337	interlocking systems	T074	C0025080
27524031	365	370	axial	T082	C0205131
27524031	371	381	shortening	T061	C0441636
27524031	386	396	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27524031	397	408	perforation	T046	C1881710
27524031	416	420	nail	T074	C0441224
27524031	428	442	insertion site	T082	C0449682
27524031	459	464	study	T062	C0008972
27524031	481	486	screw	T074	C0005975
27524031	494	514	interlocking systems	T074	C0025080
27524031	519	523	FINs	T061	C0021885
27524031	525	539	Hofer TwinPlug	T074	C0038932
27524031	554	562	titanium	T196	C0040302
27524031	563	582	interlocking screws	T074	C0441273
27524031	584	597	Hofer FixPlug	T074	C0038932
27524031	608	616	titanium	T196	C0040302
27524031	617	635	interlocking screw	T074	C0441273
27524031	637	647	Hofer Plug	T074	C0038932
27524031	660	668	titanium	T196	C0040302
27524031	669	687	interlocking screw	T074	C0441273
27524031	693	703	Hofer Plug	T074	C0038932
27524031	714	722	titanium	T196	C0040302
27524031	723	741	interlocking screw	T074	C0441273
27524031	746	756	comparison	T052	C1707455
27524031	786	801	stainless steel	T122,T197	C0038126
27524031	802	807	nails	T074	C0441224
27524031	828	833	screw	T074	C0005975
27524031	840	867	experimentally investigated	T169	C1292732
27524031	871	880	cadaveric	T017	C0006629
27524031	881	885	lamb	T015	C1123019
27524031	886	892	tibiae	T023	C0588199
27524031	910	914	load	T052	C1708715
27524031	915	930	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27524031	935	942	failure	T066	C0014678
27524031	943	948	modes	T169	C1513371
27524031	964	969	heavy	T080	C0439539
27524031	970	977	loading	T052	C1708715
27524031	983	992	specimens	T167	C0370003
27524031	1011	1021	sequential	T080	C1705294
27524031	1022	1027	axial	T082	C0205131
27524031	1028	1034	cyclic	T079	C1511572
27524031	1035	1042	loading	T052	C1708715
27524031	1051	1057	cycles	T079	C1511572
27524031	1063	1080	stepwise increase	T169	C0442805
27524031	1088	1092	load	T052	C1708715
27524031	1093	1102	amplitude	T082	C2346753
27524031	1109	1116	failure	T066	C0014678
27524031	1118	1127	Migration	T067	C1881827
27524031	1131	1145	locking screws	T074	C0441273
27524031	1150	1158	internal	T082	C0205102
27524031	1159	1165	damage	T037	C0010957
27524031	1169	1180	bone tissue	T024	C0391978
27524031	1199	1237	micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging	T060	C0729619
27524031	1239	1250	Ender nails	T074	C0441224
27524031	1251	1257	failed	T169	C0231175
27524031	1261	1268	average	T081	C1510992
27524031	1274	1278	peak	T080	C0444505
27524031	1279	1283	load	T052	C1708715
27524031	1294	1303	TwinPlugs	T074	C0038932
27524031	1315	1323	FixPlugs	T074	C0038932
27524031	1335	1340	Plugs	T074	C0038932
27524031	1361	1366	Plugs	T074	C0038932
27524031	1383	1392	TwinPlugs	T074	C0038932
27524031	1394	1402	FixPlugs	T074	C0038932
27524031	1408	1413	Plugs	T074	C0038932
27524031	1420	1426	failed	T169	C0231175
27524031	1465	1472	loading	T052	C1708715
27524031	1473	1479	cycles	T079	C1511572
27524031	1489	1500	Ender nails	T074	C0441224
27524031	1505	1510	Plugs	T074	C0038932
27524031	1527	1533	abrupt	T080	C1276802
27524031	1534	1541	failure	T066	C0014678
27524031	1554	1559	prior	T079	C0332152
27524031	1560	1570	indication	T078	C3146298
27524031	1597	1602	axial	T082	C0205131
27524031	1603	1612	stability	T080	C0205360
27524031	1616	1619	FIN	T061	C0021885
27524031	1635	1643	improved	T033	C0184511
27524031	1647	1652	screw	T074	C0005975
27524031	1660	1665	plugs	T074	C0038932
27524031	1669	1683	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27524031	1712	1729	eye-locked system	T073	C1704459
27524031	1741	1752	Ender nails	T074	C0441224
27524031	1770	1783	biomechanical	T070	C3658372
27524031	1784	1791	results	T033	C0683954
27524031	1793	1797	plug	T074	C0038932
27524031	1798	1818	interlocking systems	T074	C0025080
27524031	1831	1837	screws	T074	C0005975
27524031	1861	1873	conventional	T080	C0439858
27524031	1874	1885	Ender nails	T074	C0441224
27524031	1890	1895	plugs	T074	C0038932
27524031	1906	1912	screws	T074	C0005975

27524208|t|Doctor Competence and the Demand for Healthcare: Evidence from Rural China
27524208|a|The agency problem between patients and doctors has long been emphasised in the health economics literature, but the empirical evidence on whether patients can evaluate and respond to better quality care remains mixed and inconclusive. Using household data linked to an assessment of village doctors' clinical competence in rural China, we show that there is no correlation between doctor competence and patients' healthcare utilisation, with confidence intervals reasonably tight around zero. Household perceptions of quality are an important determinant of care-seeking behaviour, yet patients appear unable to recognise more competent doctors - there is no relationship between doctor competence and perceptions of quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. JOURNAL ARTICLE
27524208	0	6	Doctor	T097	C0031831
27524208	7	17	Competence	T080	C0086035
27524208	26	32	Demand	T061	C0441516
27524208	37	47	Healthcare	T058	C0086388
27524208	49	57	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27524208	63	74	Rural China	T083	C0008115
27524208	79	85	agency	T092	C0237463
27524208	86	93	problem	T033	C0033213
27524208	102	110	patients	T101	C0030705
27524208	115	122	doctors	T097	C0031831
27524208	155	182	health economics literature	T170	C0023866
27524208	192	201	empirical	T080	C1880496
27524208	202	210	evidence	T078	C3887511
27524208	222	230	patients	T101	C0030705
27524208	235	243	evaluate	T052	C1516048
27524208	259	265	better	T080	C0332272
27524208	266	278	quality care	T058	C0034379
27524208	287	292	mixed	T169	C0205430
27524208	297	309	inconclusive	T080	C1629507
27524208	317	326	household	T099	C0020052
27524208	327	331	data	T078	C1511726
27524208	345	355	assessment	T052	C1516048
27524208	359	366	village	T083	C0562518
27524208	367	375	doctors'	T097	C0031831
27524208	376	395	clinical competence	T080	C0008956
27524208	399	410	rural China	T083	C0008115
27524208	434	448	no correlation	T080	C0205556
27524208	457	463	doctor	T097	C0031831
27524208	464	474	competence	T080	C0086035
27524208	479	488	patients'	T101	C0030705
27524208	489	499	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27524208	500	511	utilisation	T169	C0042153
27524208	518	538	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27524208	569	578	Household	T099	C0020052
27524208	579	590	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27524208	594	601	quality	T080	C0332306
27524208	609	618	important	T080	C3898777
27524208	619	630	determinant	T169	C1521761
27524208	634	656	care-seeking behaviour	T055	C0018695
27524208	662	670	patients	T101	C0030705
27524208	671	677	appear	T080	C0700364
27524208	678	684	unable	T033	C1299582
27524208	688	697	recognise	T080	C0205396
27524208	703	712	competent	T080	C0086035
27524208	713	720	doctors	T097	C0031831
27524208	735	747	relationship	T080	C0439849
27524208	756	762	doctor	T097	C0031831
27524208	763	773	competence	T080	C0086035
27524208	778	789	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27524208	793	800	quality	T080	C0332306

27524790|t|Unintentional insecticide poisoning by age: an analysis of Queensland Poisons Information Centre calls
27524790|a|Data from the Queensland Poisons Information Centre (QPIC) was assessed to determine mechanisms of acute insecticide poisoning in young children (<5 years) and whether age affects insecticide-poisoning patterns. Records of all insecticide-related calls placed to QPIC in 2014 were obtained. A stratified analysis of call patterns by age was conducted. Of 743 insecticide-related calls received by QPIC 364 (49.0%) were for young children. The number of calls peaked in children aged one. Ant and cockroach baits accounted for 39.0% of calls. Sprays, which were found to contain not only pyrethroids, pyrethrins and/or piperonly butoxide but also the organophosphate diazinon, accounted for 25.8% of calls. Mouthing or ingesting a pest-control product and consuming an item/insect after treatment were common mechanisms for children under the age of two. Topical exposure to sprays, via direct application, typically by the child or an older sibling, peaked in children aged two. In 12.3% of calls medical attention for the child was already sought or advised by QPIC. Normal behaviours associated with child development, particularly mouthing behaviours, explained the peak of exposure in one-year - olds. This finding should guide strategies to minimise poisonings in this vulnerable population.
27524790	0	13	Unintentional	T169	C1283932
27524790	14	35	insecticide poisoning	T037	C0413048
27524790	39	42	age	T032	C0001779
27524790	47	55	analysis	T062	C0936012
27524790	97	102	calls	T058	C0302186
27524790	103	107	Data	T078	C1511726
27524790	166	174	assessed	T052	C1516048
27524790	178	187	determine	T078	C0205258
27524790	188	198	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27524790	208	229	insecticide poisoning	T037	C0413048
27524790	233	247	young children	T100	C0728836
27524790	249	257	<5 years	T079	C0439234
27524790	271	274	age	T032	C0001779
27524790	275	282	affects	T041	C0001721
27524790	283	304	insecticide-poisoning	T037	C0413048
27524790	305	313	patterns	T082	C0449774
27524790	315	322	Records	T170	C0034869
27524790	330	355	insecticide-related calls	T058	C0302186
27524790	384	392	obtained	T169	C1301820
27524790	396	406	stratified	T080	C0205363
27524790	407	415	analysis	T062	C0936012
27524790	419	423	call	T058	C0302186
27524790	424	432	patterns	T082	C0449774
27524790	436	439	age	T032	C0001779
27524790	444	453	conducted	T169	C0205245
27524790	462	487	insecticide-related calls	T058	C0302186
27524790	488	499	received by	T080	C1709850
27524790	526	540	young children	T100	C0728836
27524790	556	561	calls	T058	C0302186
27524790	562	568	peaked	T080	C0444505
27524790	572	580	children	T100	C0008059
27524790	581	589	aged one	T079	C4082117
27524790	591	594	Ant	T204	C0003455
27524790	599	608	cockroach	T204	C0009208
27524790	609	614	baits	T131	C1254354
27524790	615	624	accounted	T081	C0392762
27524790	638	643	calls	T058	C0302186
27524790	645	651	Sprays	T122	C1154182
27524790	664	669	found	T033	C0150312
27524790	690	701	pyrethroids	T109,T131	C0597329
27524790	703	713	pyrethrins	T109,T131	C0034245
27524790	721	739	piperonly butoxide	T109,T121,T131	C0031962
27524790	753	777	organophosphate diazinon	T109,T131	C0012013
27524790	779	788	accounted	T081	C0392762
27524790	802	807	calls	T058	C0302186
27524790	809	817	Mouthing	T040	C2584309
27524790	821	830	ingesting	T038	C0232478
27524790	833	853	pest-control product	T131	C0031253
27524790	858	867	consuming	T052	C0441655
27524790	889	898	treatment	T169	C0039798
27524790	911	921	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27524790	926	934	children	T100	C0008059
27524790	945	955	age of two	T079	C0439234
27524790	957	964	Topical	T082	C0332237
27524790	965	976	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27524790	977	983	sprays	T122	C1154182
27524790	989	995	direct	T080	C1947931
27524790	996	1007	application	T169	C1524063
27524790	1026	1031	child	T100	C0008059
27524790	1038	1051	older sibling	T099	C0337511
27524790	1053	1059	peaked	T080	C0444505
27524790	1063	1071	children	T100	C0008059
27524790	1072	1080	aged two	T079	C0439234
27524790	1094	1099	calls	T058	C0302186
27524790	1100	1117	medical attention	T058	C0948564
27524790	1126	1131	child	T100	C0008059
27524790	1144	1150	sought	UnknownType	C0743213
27524790	1154	1164	advised by	T058	C0418832
27524790	1171	1188	Normal behaviours	T053	C0004927
27524790	1189	1204	associated with	T080	C0332281
27524790	1205	1222	child development	T040	C0008071
27524790	1237	1245	mouthing	T040	C2584309
27524790	1246	1256	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27524790	1272	1288	peak of exposure	T080	C0332157
27524790	1292	1300	one-year	T079	C4082117
27524790	1303	1307	olds	T100	C0008059
27524790	1314	1321	finding	T033	C0243095
27524790	1335	1345	strategies	T041	C0679199
27524790	1349	1357	minimise	T080	C1524031
27524790	1358	1368	poisonings	T037	C0032343
27524790	1377	1398	vulnerable population	T098	C0949366

27524875|t|Surgical Guidance via Multiplexed Molecular Imaging of Fresh Tissues Labeled with SERS -Coded Nanoparticles
27524875|a|The imaging of dysregulated cell-surface receptors (or biomarkers) is a potential means of identifying the presence of cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. However, due to heterogeneities in the expression of protein biomarkers in tumors, molecular imaging technologies should ideally be capable of visualizing a multiplexed panel of cancer biomarkers. Recently, surface-enhanced Raman-scattering (SERS) nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted wide interest due to their potential for sensitive and multiplexed biomarker detection. In this review, we focus on the most recent advances in tumor imaging using SERS -coded NPs. A brief introduction of the structure and optical properties of SERS NPs is provided, followed by a detailed discussion of key imaging issues such as the administration of NPs in tissue (topical versus systemic), the optical configuration and imaging approach of Raman imaging systems, spectral demultiplexing methods for quantifying NP concentrations, and the disambiguation of specific vs. nonspecific sources of contrast through ratiometric imaging of targeted and untargeted (control) NP pairs. Finally, future challenges and directions are briefly outlined.
27524875	0	8	Surgical	T061	C0543467
27524875	9	17	Guidance	T061	C1959633
27524875	22	51	Multiplexed Molecular Imaging	T060	C1537028
27524875	61	68	Tissues	T024	C0040300
27524875	69	76	Labeled	T130	C1522485
27524875	82	86	SERS	T070	C1720804
27524875	94	107	Nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27524875	112	119	imaging	T060	C0011923
27524875	136	158	cell-surface receptors	T116,T192	C0034800
27524875	163	174	biomarkers)	T201	C0005516
27524875	215	223	presence	T033	C0150312
27524875	227	233	cancer	T191	C0006826
27524875	244	255	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27524875	260	271	specificity	T081	C1511884
27524875	289	304	heterogeneities	T080	C0019409
27524875	312	333	expression of protein	T045	C1171362
27524875	334	344	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
27524875	348	354	tumors	T191	C0027651
27524875	356	373	molecular imaging	T060	C1537028
27524875	374	386	technologies	T058	C0752188
27524875	430	447	multiplexed panel	T130	C1254353
27524875	451	468	cancer biomarkers	T123	C0041366
27524875	480	513	surface-enhanced Raman-scattering	T070	C1720804
27524875	515	519	SERS	T070	C1720804
27524875	521	534	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27524875	536	539	NPs	T073	C1450054
27524875	597	606	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27524875	611	632	multiplexed biomarker	T130	C1254353
27524875	633	642	detection	T061	C1511790
27524875	652	658	review	T170	C0282443
27524875	700	705	tumor	T191	C0027651
27524875	706	713	imaging	T060	C0011923
27524875	720	724	SERS	T070	C1720804
27524875	732	735	NPs	T073	C1450054
27524875	765	774	structure	T082	C0678594
27524875	779	797	optical properties	T070	C1254365
27524875	801	805	SERS	T070	C1720804
27524875	806	809	NPs	T073	C1450054
27524875	864	871	imaging	T060	C0011923
27524875	891	905	administration	T169	C1621583
27524875	909	912	NPs	T073	C1450054
27524875	916	922	tissue	T024	C0040300
27524875	924	931	topical	T082	C0332237
27524875	939	947	systemic	T169	C0205373
27524875	954	975	optical configuration	UnknownType	C0678647
27524875	980	987	imaging	T060	C0011923
27524875	1000	1021	Raman imaging systems	T059	C1257898
27524875	1023	1054	spectral demultiplexing methods	T060	C1537028
27524875	1059	1070	quantifying	T081	C1709793
27524875	1071	1073	NP	T073	C1450054
27524875	1074	1088	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27524875	1098	1112	disambiguation	T080	C2346729
27524875	1116	1124	specific	T080	C0205369
27524875	1129	1140	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27524875	1169	1188	ratiometric imaging	T060	C0011923
27524875	1192	1200	targeted	T169	C1521840
27524875	1205	1215	untargeted	T167	C1550141
27524875	1217	1224	control	T167	C1550141
27524875	1226	1228	NP	T073	C1450054

27524991|t|Temperature and Plant Genotype Alter Alkaloid Concentrations in Ryegrass Infected with an Epichloë Endophyte and This Affects an Insect Herbivore
27524991|a|Asexual Epichloë endophytes colonize agricultural forage grasses in a relationship which is mutually beneficial and provides the host plant with protection against herbivorous insects. The endophyte strain AR37 (Epichloë festucae var. lolii) produces epoxy-janthitrem alkaloids and is the only endophyte known to provide ryegrass with resistance against porina larvae (Wiseana cervinata (Walker)), a major pasture pest in cooler areas of New Zealand. This study examined the effect of temperature on concentrations of epoxy-janthitrems in AR37 - infected ryegrass and determined how the resulting variations in concentration affected consumption, growth and survival of porina larvae. Twenty replicate pairs of perennial (Lolium perenne L.) and Italian ryegrass (L. multiflorum Lam.) plants with and without endophyte were prepared by cloning, with one of each pair grown at either high (20°C) or low (7°C) temperature. After 10 weeks, herbage on each plant was harvested, divided into leaf and pseudostem, then freeze dried and ground. Leaf and pseudostem material was then incorporated separately into semi - synthetic diets which were fed to porina larvae in a bioassay over 3 weeks. Epoxy-janthitrem concentrations within the plant materials and the semi - synthetic diets were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. AR37 - infected ryegrass grown at high temperature contained high in plant a concentrations of epoxy-janthitrem (30.6 μg/g in leaves and 83.9 μg/g in pseudostems) that had a strong anti-feedant effect on porina larvae when incorporated into their diets, reducing their survival by 25-42% on pseudostems. In comparison, in planta epoxy-janthitrem concentrations in AR37 - infected ryegrass grown at low temperature were very low (0.67 μg/g in leaves and 7.4 μg/g in pseudostems) resulting in a small anti-feedant effect in perennial but not in Italian ryegrass. Although alkaloid concentrations were greatly reduced by low temperature this reduction did not occur until after 4 weeks of exposure. Alkaloid concentrations were slightly lower in Italian than in perennial ryegrass and concentrations were higher in the pseudostems when compared with the leaves. In conclusion, epoxy-janthitrems expressed by the AR37 endophyte show strong activity against porina larvae. However, when ryegrass plants are grown at a constant low temperature for an extended period of time in planta epoxy-janthitrem concentrations are greatly reduced and are less effective against this pasture pest.
27524991	0	11	Temperature	T081	C0039476
27524991	16	21	Plant	T002	C0032098
27524991	22	30	Genotype	T032	C0017431
27524991	31	36	Alter	T078	C1515926
27524991	37	45	Alkaloid	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27524991	46	60	Concentrations	T081	C1446561
27524991	64	72	Ryegrass	T002	C0023969
27524991	73	81	Infected	T046	C3714514
27524991	90	108	Epichloë Endophyte	T004	C1265415
27524991	118	125	Affects	T169	C0392760
27524991	129	135	Insect	T204	C0021585
27524991	136	145	Herbivore	T008	C0562691
27524991	154	173	Epichloë endophytes	T004	C1265415
27524991	174	182	colonize	T033	C4289767
27524991	183	210	agricultural forage grasses	T002	C0023969
27524991	216	228	relationship	T080	C0439849
27524991	238	246	mutually	T080	C1709100
27524991	247	257	beneficial	T081	C0814225
27524991	262	270	provides	T052	C1999230
27524991	275	285	host plant	UnknownType	C0868970
27524991	291	301	protection	T033	C1545588
27524991	302	309	against	T080	C0521124
27524991	310	321	herbivorous	T008	C0562691
27524991	322	329	insects	T204	C0021585
27524991	335	344	endophyte	T004	C1265415
27524991	345	351	strain	T001	C1518614
27524991	352	356	AR37	T004	C1265415
27524991	358	386	Epichloë festucae var. lolii	T004	C1265415
27524991	397	413	epoxy-janthitrem	T109	C0014630
27524991	414	423	alkaloids	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27524991	440	449	endophyte	T004	C1265415
27524991	459	466	provide	T052	C1999230
27524991	467	475	ryegrass	T002	C0023969
27524991	481	491	resistance	T039	C1514892
27524991	492	499	against	T080	C0521124
27524991	500	513	porina larvae	T204	C0023047
27524991	515	541	Wiseana cervinata (Walker)	T204	C0026593
27524991	546	551	major	T080	C0205164
27524991	552	559	pasture	T002	C0018210
27524991	560	564	pest	T008	C0869004
27524991	568	574	cooler	T070	C0009267
27524991	575	580	areas	T082	C0205146
27524991	584	595	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
27524991	602	607	study	T062	C2603343
27524991	608	616	examined	T033	C0332128
27524991	621	627	effect	T080	C1280500
27524991	631	642	temperature	T081	C0039476
27524991	646	660	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27524991	664	681	epoxy-janthitrems	T109	C0014630
27524991	685	689	AR37	T004	C1265415
27524991	692	700	infected	T046	C3714514
27524991	701	709	ryegrass	T002	C0023969
27524991	714	724	determined	T080	C0521095
27524991	733	742	resulting	T169	C1274040
27524991	743	753	variations	T080	C0205419
27524991	757	770	concentration	T081	C1446561
27524991	771	779	affected	T169	C0392760
27524991	780	791	consumption	T039	C1947907
27524991	793	799	growth	T040	C0018270
27524991	804	812	survival	T052	C0038952
27524991	816	829	porina larvae	T204	C0023047
27524991	838	847	replicate	T080	C1883725
27524991	848	853	pairs	T080	C1709450
27524991	857	866	perennial	T002	C0330103
27524991	868	885	Lolium perenne L.	T002	C0331558
27524991	891	898	Italian	T083	C0022277
27524991	899	907	ryegrass	T002	C0023969
27524991	909	928	L. multiflorum Lam.	T002	C0331557
27524991	930	936	plants	T002	C0032098
27524991	954	963	endophyte	T004	C1265415
27524991	969	977	prepared	T033	C4082130
27524991	981	988	cloning	T062	C0009015
27524991	1007	1011	pair	T080	C1709450
27524991	1012	1017	grown	T067	C2911660
27524991	1028	1032	high	T080	C0205250
27524991	1043	1046	low	T080	C0205251
27524991	1053	1064	temperature	T081	C0039476
27524991	1082	1089	herbage	T002	C0019240
27524991	1098	1103	plant	T002	C0032098
27524991	1108	1117	harvested	T078	C1516695
27524991	1119	1126	divided	T169	C0332849
27524991	1132	1136	leaf	T002	C0242724
27524991	1141	1151	pseudostem	T033	C0243095
27524991	1158	1170	freeze dried	T059	C0016698
27524991	1175	1181	ground	T067	C1522240
27524991	1183	1187	Leaf	T002	C0242724
27524991	1192	1202	pseudostem	T033	C0243095
27524991	1203	1211	material	T167	C0520510
27524991	1221	1233	incorporated	T169	C0243126
27524991	1234	1244	separately	T080	C0443299
27524991	1250	1254	semi	T081	C2825407
27524991	1257	1266	synthetic	T080	C2004457
27524991	1267	1272	diets	T168	C0012155
27524991	1284	1287	fed	T052	C2987508
27524991	1291	1304	porina larvae	T204	C0023047
27524991	1310	1318	bioassay	T059	C0005507
27524991	1333	1349	Epoxy-janthitrem	T109	C0014630
27524991	1350	1364	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27524991	1376	1381	plant	T002	C0032098
27524991	1382	1391	materials	T167	C0520510
27524991	1400	1404	semi	T081	C2825407
27524991	1407	1416	synthetic	T080	C2004457
27524991	1417	1422	diets	T168	C0012155
27524991	1428	1436	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27524991	1440	1444	high	T080	C0205250
27524991	1445	1456	performance	T052	C1882330
27524991	1457	1478	liquid chromatography	T059	C0008565
27524991	1480	1484	AR37	T004	C1265415
27524991	1487	1495	infected	T046	C3714514
27524991	1496	1504	ryegrass	T002	C0023969
27524991	1505	1510	grown	T067	C2911660
27524991	1514	1518	high	T080	C0205250
27524991	1519	1530	temperature	T081	C0039476
27524991	1541	1545	high	T080	C0205250
27524991	1549	1554	plant	T002	C0032098
27524991	1557	1571	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27524991	1575	1591	epoxy-janthitrem	T109	C0014630
27524991	1606	1612	leaves	T002	C0242724
27524991	1630	1641	pseudostems	T033	C0243095
27524991	1654	1660	strong	T080	C0442821
27524991	1661	1673	anti-feedant	T033	C0243095
27524991	1674	1680	effect	T080	C1280500
27524991	1684	1697	porina larvae	T204	C0023047
27524991	1703	1715	incorporated	T169	C0243126
27524991	1727	1732	diets	T168	C0012155
27524991	1734	1742	reducing	T080	C0392756
27524991	1749	1757	survival	T052	C0038952
27524991	1771	1782	pseudostems	T033	C0243095
27524991	1787	1797	comparison	T052	C1707455
27524991	1802	1808	planta	T002	C0032098
27524991	1809	1825	epoxy-janthitrem	T109	C0014630
27524991	1826	1840	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27524991	1844	1848	AR37	T004	C1265415
27524991	1851	1859	infected	T046	C3714514
27524991	1860	1868	ryegrass	T002	C0023969
27524991	1869	1874	grown	T067	C2911660
27524991	1878	1881	low	T080	C0205251
27524991	1882	1893	temperature	T081	C0039476
27524991	1904	1907	low	T080	C0205251
27524991	1922	1928	leaves	T002	C0242724
27524991	1945	1956	pseudostems	T033	C0243095
27524991	1958	1967	resulting	T169	C1274040
27524991	1973	1978	small	T081	C0700321
27524991	1979	1991	anti-feedant	T033	C0243095
27524991	1992	1998	effect	T080	C1280500
27524991	2002	2011	perennial	T002	C0330103
27524991	2023	2030	Italian	T083	C0022277
27524991	2031	2039	ryegrass	T002	C0023969
27524991	2050	2058	alkaloid	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27524991	2059	2073	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27524991	2079	2086	greatly	T033	C3840786
27524991	2087	2094	reduced	T080	C0392756
27524991	2098	2101	low	T080	C0205251
27524991	2102	2113	temperature	T081	C0039476
27524991	2119	2128	reduction	T080	C0392756
27524991	2137	2142	occur	T052	C1709305
27524991	2166	2174	exposure	T080	C0332157
27524991	2176	2184	Alkaloid	T109,T123,T131	C0301258
27524991	2185	2199	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27524991	2205	2213	slightly	T080	C0750482
27524991	2214	2219	lower	T080	C0205251
27524991	2223	2230	Italian	T083	C0022277
27524991	2239	2248	perennial	T002	C0330103
27524991	2249	2257	ryegrass	T002	C0023969
27524991	2262	2276	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27524991	2282	2288	higher	T080	C0205250
27524991	2296	2307	pseudostems	T033	C0243095
27524991	2313	2321	compared	T052	C1707455
27524991	2331	2337	leaves	T002	C0242724
27524991	2342	2352	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27524991	2354	2371	epoxy-janthitrems	T109	C0014630
27524991	2372	2381	expressed	T169	C0205245
27524991	2389	2393	AR37	T004	C1265415
27524991	2394	2403	endophyte	T004	C1265415
27524991	2409	2415	strong	T080	C0442821
27524991	2416	2424	activity	T052	C0441655
27524991	2425	2432	against	T080	C0521124
27524991	2433	2446	porina larvae	T204	C0023047
27524991	2462	2470	ryegrass	T002	C0023969
27524991	2471	2477	plants	T002	C0032098
27524991	2482	2487	grown	T067	C2911660
27524991	2493	2501	constant	T080	C1948059
27524991	2502	2505	low	T080	C0205251
27524991	2506	2517	temperature	T081	C0039476
27524991	2525	2533	extended	T082	C0231449
27524991	2534	2548	period of time	T079	C1948053
27524991	2552	2558	planta	T002	C0032098
27524991	2559	2575	epoxy-janthitrem	T109	C0014630
27524991	2576	2590	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27524991	2595	2602	greatly	T033	C3840786
27524991	2603	2610	reduced	T080	C0392756
27524991	2619	2623	less	T081	C0439092
27524991	2624	2633	effective	T080	C1704419
27524991	2634	2641	against	T080	C0521124
27524991	2647	2654	pasture	T002	C0018210
27524991	2655	2659	pest	T008	C0869004

27525173|t|Investigating Synthetic Oligonucleotide Targeting of Mir31 in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
27525173|a|Exon-skipping via synthetic antisense oligonucleotides represents one of the most promising potential therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), yet this approach is highly sequence-specific and thus each oligonucleotide is of benefit to only a subset of patients. The discovery that dystrophin mRNA is subject to translational suppression by the microRNA miR31, and that miR31 is elevated in the muscle of DMD patients, raises the possibility that the same oligonucleotide chemistries employed for exon skipping could be directed toward relieving this translational block. This approach would act synergistically with exon skipping where possible, but by targeting the 3'UTR it would further be of benefit to the many DMD patients who express low levels of in-frame transcript. We here present investigations into the feasibility of combining exon skipping with several different strategies for miR31 - modulation, using both in vitro models and the mdx mouse (the classical animal model of DMD), and monitoring effects on dystrophin at the transcriptional and translational level. We show that despite promising results from our cell culture model, our in vivo data failed to demonstrate similarly reproducible enhancement of dystrophin translation, suggesting that miR31 - modulation may not be practical under current oligonucleotide approaches. Possible explanations for this disappointing outcome are discussed, along with suggestions for future investigations.
27525173	14	23	Synthetic	T114	C0597550
27525173	24	39	Oligonucleotide	T114	C0028953
27525173	53	58	Mir31	T114	C2607480
27525173	62	89	Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy	T047	C0013264
27525173	90	103	Exon-skipping	T045	C0035687
27525173	108	117	synthetic	T114	C0597550
27525173	118	144	antisense oligonucleotides	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
27525173	192	201	therapies	T061	C0087111
27525173	206	233	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	T047	C0013264
27525173	235	238	DMD	T047	C0013264
27525173	269	286	sequence-specific	T045	C1624609
27525173	301	316	oligonucleotide	T114	C0028953
27525173	351	359	patients	T101	C0030705
27525173	365	374	discovery	T052	C1880355
27525173	380	390	dystrophin	T116,T123	C0079259
27525173	391	395	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27525173	410	435	translational suppression	T045	C1519619
27525173	443	451	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27525173	452	457	miR31	T114	C2607480
27525173	468	473	miR31	T114	C2607480
27525173	493	499	muscle	T024	C0026845
27525173	503	506	DMD	T047	C0013264
27525173	507	515	patients	T101	C0030705
27525173	554	569	oligonucleotide	T114	C0028953
27525173	595	608	exon skipping	T045	C0035687
27525173	649	668	translational block	T045	C1519619
27525173	694	709	synergistically	T080	C2986495
27525173	715	728	exon skipping	T045	C0035687
27525173	766	771	3'UTR	T086,T123	C0600600
27525173	815	818	DMD	T047	C0013264
27525173	819	827	patients	T101	C0030705
27525173	854	862	in-frame	T086	C0080089
27525173	863	873	transcript	T114	C1519595
27525173	891	905	investigations	T058	C1261322
27525173	940	953	exon skipping	T045	C0035687
27525173	992	997	miR31	T114	C2607480
27525173	1000	1010	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27525173	1023	1031	in vitro	T059,T062	C3850137
27525173	1032	1038	models	T075	C0026339
27525173	1047	1056	mdx mouse	T015	C0206535
27525173	1072	1084	animal model	T008	C0599779
27525173	1088	1091	DMD	T047	C0013264
27525173	1098	1108	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27525173	1109	1116	effects	T080	C1280500
27525173	1120	1130	dystrophin	T116,T123	C0079259
27525173	1138	1153	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27525173	1158	1171	translational	T045	C1519614
27525173	1227	1239	cell culture	T059	C0007585
27525173	1240	1245	model	T075	C0026339
27525173	1251	1258	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27525173	1259	1263	data	T078	C1511726
27525173	1309	1320	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27525173	1324	1334	dystrophin	T116,T123	C0079259
27525173	1335	1346	translation	T045	C1519614
27525173	1364	1369	miR31	T114	C2607480
27525173	1372	1382	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27525173	1418	1433	oligonucleotide	T114	C0028953
27525173	1491	1498	outcome	T080	C0085415
27525173	1548	1562	investigations	T058	C1261322

27525549|t|Undisclosed HIV infection and art use in the kenya AIDS indicator survey 2012: relevance to targets for HIV diagnosis and treatment in kenya
27525549|a|To assess the impact of undisclosed HIV infection and antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) on national estimates of diagnosed HIV and ART coverage in Kenya. HIV-positive dried blood spot samples from Kenya's second AIDS Indicator Survey were tested for an ARV biomarker by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Estimates of diagnosed HIV and ART use based on self-report were compared with those corrected for undisclosed HIV infection and ART use based on ARV testing. Multivariate analysis determined factors associated with undisclosed HIV infection and ART use among persons on ART. Among 559 HIV-positive samples, the ARV biomarker was detected in 42.5% (CI 37.4-47.7). ARV drugs were present in 90.7% (CI 86.1-95.2) reporting HIV-positive status and receiving ART, 66.7% (CI 59.9-73.4) reporting HIV-positive status irrespective of ART use, 21.0% (CI 13.4-28.6) reporting HIV-negative status, and 19.3% (CI 9.0-29.5) reporting no previous HIV test. After correcting for undisclosed HIV infection and ART use, diagnosed HIV increased from 46.9% to 57.2% and ART coverage increased from 31.8% to 42.8%. Undisclosed HIV infection on ART was associated with being aged 25-39 years and not visiting a health provider in the past year, while younger age and higher wealth was associated with undisclosed ART use. Substantial levels of undisclosed HIV infection and ART use while on ART were observed, resulting in diagnosed HIV underestimated by 112,000 persons and ART coverage by 131,000 persons. Supplementing self-reported ART status with objective measures of ART use in national population -based sero-surveys can improve monitoring of treatment targets in countries.
27525549	0	11	Undisclosed	T080	C0439673
27525549	12	25	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27525549	30	33	art	T061	C1963724
27525549	34	37	use	T169	C0457083
27525549	45	77	kenya AIDS indicator survey 2012	T170	C0038951
27525549	79	88	relevance	T080	C2347946
27525549	92	99	targets	T169	C1521840
27525549	104	117	HIV diagnosis	T060	C0920550
27525549	122	131	treatment	T061	C0087111
27525549	135	140	kenya	T083	C0022558
27525549	144	150	assess	T058	C0184514
27525549	155	161	impact	T080	C4049986
27525549	165	176	undisclosed	T080	C0439673
27525549	177	190	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27525549	195	223	antiretroviral (ARV) therapy	T061	C1963724
27525549	225	228	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	233	241	national	T082	C0681788
27525549	242	251	estimates	T081	C0750572
27525549	255	268	diagnosed HIV	T033	C2186509
27525549	273	276	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	277	285	coverage	T169	C1999244
27525549	289	294	Kenya	T083	C0022558
27525549	296	308	HIV-positive	T033	C2186509
27525549	309	333	dried blood spot samples	T031	C0178913
27525549	339	375	Kenya's second AIDS Indicator Survey	T170	C0038951
27525549	381	387	tested	T169	C0039593
27525549	395	398	ARV	T121	C1979629
27525549	399	408	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27525549	412	458	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
27525549	460	469	Estimates	T081	C0750572
27525549	473	486	diagnosed HIV	T033	C2186509
27525549	491	494	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	495	498	use	T169	C0457083
27525549	508	519	self-report	T062	C2700446
27525549	525	533	compared	T052	C1707455
27525549	559	570	undisclosed	T080	C0439673
27525549	571	584	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27525549	589	592	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	593	596	use	T169	C0457083
27525549	606	609	ARV	T121	C1979629
27525549	619	640	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27525549	641	651	determined	T080	C0521095
27525549	652	659	factors	T169	C1521761
27525549	660	675	associated with	T080	C0332281
27525549	676	687	undisclosed	T080	C0439673
27525549	688	701	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27525549	706	709	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	710	713	use	T169	C0457083
27525549	720	727	persons	T098	C0027361
27525549	731	734	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	746	758	HIV-positive	T033	C2186509
27525549	759	766	samples	T031	C0178913
27525549	772	775	ARV	T121	C1979629
27525549	776	785	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27525549	790	798	detected	T033	C0442726
27525549	824	833	ARV drugs	T121	C0599685
27525549	871	893	reporting HIV-positive	T033	C2186509
27525549	905	914	receiving	T080	C1514756
27525549	915	918	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	941	963	reporting HIV-positive	T033	C2186509
27525549	987	990	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	991	994	use	T169	C0457083
27525549	1017	1026	reporting	T058	C0700287
27525549	1027	1046	HIV-negative status	T034	C0854048
27525549	1072	1081	reporting	T058	C0700287
27525549	1082	1084	no	T033	C1513916
27525549	1085	1093	previous	T079	C0205156
27525549	1094	1102	HIV test	T059	C1321876
27525549	1125	1136	undisclosed	T080	C0439673
27525549	1137	1150	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27525549	1155	1158	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	1159	1162	use	T169	C0457083
27525549	1164	1177	diagnosed HIV	T033	C2186509
27525549	1178	1187	increased	T081	C0205217
27525549	1212	1215	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	1216	1224	coverage	T169	C1999244
27525549	1225	1234	increased	T081	C0205217
27525549	1256	1267	Undisclosed	T080	C0439673
27525549	1268	1281	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27525549	1285	1288	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	1293	1308	associated with	T080	C0332281
27525549	1315	1319	aged	T098	C0001792
27525549	1351	1366	health provider	T097	C0018724
27525549	1391	1402	younger age	T033	C4061789
27525549	1407	1420	higher wealth	T080	C0699759
27525549	1425	1440	associated with	T080	C0332281
27525549	1441	1452	undisclosed	T080	C0439673
27525549	1453	1456	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	1457	1460	use	T169	C0457083
27525549	1462	1473	Substantial	T078	C0750502
27525549	1474	1480	levels	T080	C0441889
27525549	1484	1495	undisclosed	T080	C0439673
27525549	1496	1509	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27525549	1514	1517	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	1518	1521	use	T169	C0457083
27525549	1531	1534	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	1540	1548	observed	T169	C1441672
27525549	1550	1562	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27525549	1563	1576	diagnosed HIV	T033	C2186509
27525549	1603	1610	persons	T098	C0027361
27525549	1615	1618	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	1619	1627	coverage	T169	C1999244
27525549	1639	1646	persons	T098	C0027361
27525549	1662	1675	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27525549	1676	1679	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	1680	1686	status	T080	C0449438
27525549	1692	1710	objective measures	T170	C0870410
27525549	1714	1717	ART	T061	C1963724
27525549	1718	1721	use	T169	C0457083
27525549	1725	1733	national	T082	C0681788
27525549	1734	1744	population	T098	C1257890
27525549	1752	1764	sero-surveys	T058	C0019700
27525549	1769	1776	improve	T033	C0184511
27525549	1777	1787	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27525549	1791	1800	treatment	T061	C0087111
27525549	1801	1808	targets	T169	C1521840
27525549	1812	1821	countries	T083	C0454664

27526315|t|Expression and methylation in posttraumatic stress disorder and resilience; evidence of a role for odorant receptors
27526315|a|Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and potentially disabling disorder that develops in 1/5 to 1/3 of people exposed to severe trauma. Twin studies indicate that genetic factors account for at least one third of the variance in the risk for developing PTSD, however, the specific role for genetic factors in the pathogenesis of PTSD is not well understood. We studied genome-wide gene expression and DNA methylation profiles in 12 participants with PTSD and 12 participants who were resilient to similar severity trauma exposure. Close to 4000 genes were differentially expressed with adjusted p<0.05, fold-change >2, with all but 3 upregulated with PTSD. Eight odorant/olfactory receptor related genes were up-regulated with PTSD as well as genes related to immune activation, the Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A (GABAA) receptor, and vitamin D synthesis. No differences with adjusted significance for DNA methylation were found. We conclude that increased gene expression may play an important role in PTSD and this expression may not be a consequence of DNA methylation. The role of odorant receptor expression warrants independent replication.
27526315	0	10	Expression	T045	C0017262
27526315	15	26	methylation	T044	C0376452
27526315	30	59	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
27526315	64	74	resilience	T055	C0683253
27526315	76	84	evidence	T078	C3887511
27526315	90	94	role	T077	C1705810
27526315	99	116	odorant receptors	T116,T192	C0164313
27526315	117	147	Post-traumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
27526315	149	153	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27526315	171	182	potentially	T080	C3245505
27526315	183	201	disabling disorder	T047	C0596452
27526315	233	239	people	T098	C0027361
27526315	240	250	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27526315	251	257	severe	T080	C0205082
27526315	258	264	trauma	T037	C3714660
27526315	266	278	Twin studies	T170	C1096782
27526315	293	300	genetic	T169	C0314603
27526315	301	308	factors	T169	C1521761
27526315	347	355	variance	T080	C1711260
27526315	383	387	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27526315	402	410	specific	T080	C0205369
27526315	411	415	role	T077	C1705810
27526315	420	427	genetic	T169	C0314603
27526315	428	435	factors	T169	C1521761
27526315	443	455	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27526315	459	463	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27526315	499	510	genome-wide	T063	C2350277
27526315	511	526	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27526315	531	546	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27526315	547	555	profiles	T081	C0237801
27526315	562	574	participants	T098	C0679646
27526315	580	584	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27526315	592	604	participants	T098	C0679646
27526315	614	623	resilient	T055	C0683253
27526315	635	643	severity	T080	C0392364
27526315	644	650	trauma	T037	C3714660
27526315	651	659	exposure	T080	C0332157
27526315	675	680	genes	T028	C0017337
27526315	686	700	differentially	T080	C0443199
27526315	701	710	expressed	T045	C0017262
27526315	716	724	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27526315	733	744	fold-change	T081	C1880833
27526315	764	775	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27526315	781	785	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27526315	793	819	odorant/olfactory receptor	T116,T192	C0164313
27526315	828	833	genes	T028	C0017337
27526315	839	851	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27526315	857	861	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27526315	873	878	genes	T028	C0017337
27526315	890	907	immune activation	T043	C1155000
27526315	913	955	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A (GABAA) receptor	T116,T192	C0206518
27526315	961	980	vitamin D synthesis	T044	C1157731
27526315	1002	1010	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27526315	1011	1023	significance	T078	C0750502
27526315	1028	1043	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27526315	1073	1082	increased	T081	C0205217
27526315	1083	1098	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27526315	1111	1120	important	T080	C3898777
27526315	1121	1125	role	T077	C1705810
27526315	1129	1133	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27526315	1143	1153	expression	T045	C0017262
27526315	1167	1181	consequence of	T169	C0686907
27526315	1182	1197	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27526315	1203	1207	role	T077	C1705810
27526315	1211	1227	odorant receptor	T116,T192	C0164313
27526315	1228	1238	expression	T045	C0597360
27526315	1248	1259	independent	T169	C0332291
27526315	1260	1271	replication	T045	C0598312

27526663|t|Differential control and function of Arabidopsis ProDH1 and ProDH2 genes on infection with biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens
27526663|a|Arabidopsis contains two proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) genes, ProDH1 and ProDH2, encoding for homologous and functional isoenzymes. Although ProDH1 has been studied extensively, especially under abiotic stress, ProDH2 has only started to be analysed in recent years. These genes display distinctive expression patterns and show weak transcriptional co-regulation, but are both activated in pathogen - infected tissues. We have demonstrated previously that Arabidopsis plants with silenced ProDH1 / 2 expression fail to trigger defences against the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato AvrRpm1 (Pst-AvrRpm1), and that ProDH1 and ProDH2 are differentially regulated by salicylic acid (SA). In the current work, we used prodh1 and prodh2 single- mutant plants to assess the particular contribution of each gene to resistance against Pst-AvrRpm1 and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. In addition, we studied the sensitivity of ProDH1 and ProDH2 to the jasmonic acid (JA) defence pathway. We found that ProDH1 and ProDH2 are both necessary to achieve maximum resistance against Pst-AvrRpm1 and B. cinerea. However, ProDH2 has a major effect on early restriction of B. cinerea growth. Interestingly, ProDH1 is up-regulated by SA and JA, whereas ProDH2 is only activated by JA, and both genes display transcriptional inter-regulation at basal and infection conditions. These studies provide the first evidence of the contribution of ProDH2 to disease resistance, and describe the differential regulation and non-redundant but complementary function of both enzyme isoforms in infected tissues, providing support for a fundamental role of ProDH in the control of biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.
27526663	13	20	control	T080	C0243148
27526663	25	33	function	T169	C0542341
27526663	37	48	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
27526663	49	55	ProDH1	T028	C1418945
27526663	60	72	ProDH2 genes	T028	C1424903
27526663	76	85	infection	T046	C3714514
27526663	91	101	biotrophic	T033	C0243095
27526663	106	118	necrotrophic	T033	C0243095
27526663	119	128	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27526663	129	140	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
27526663	154	189	proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) genes	T028	C1418945
27526663	191	197	ProDH1	T028	C1418945
27526663	202	208	ProDH2	T028	C1424903
27526663	210	218	encoding	T052	C2700640
27526663	223	233	homologous	T116	C1512488
27526663	238	248	functional	T169	C0205245
27526663	249	259	isoenzymes	T116,T126	C0022173
27526663	270	276	ProDH1	T028	C1418945
27526663	324	338	abiotic stress	T046	C0449430
27526663	340	346	ProDH2	T028	C1424903
27526663	389	394	years	T079	C0439234
27526663	402	407	genes	T028	C0017337
27526663	428	438	expression	T045	C0017262
27526663	439	447	patterns	T082	C0449774
27526663	457	461	weak	T080	C1762617
27526663	462	491	transcriptional co-regulation	T045	C1158770
27526663	506	515	activated	T052	C1879547
27526663	519	527	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27526663	530	538	infected	T033	C0439663
27526663	539	546	tissues	T024	C0040300
27526663	585	603	Arabidopsis plants	T002	C0162741
27526663	609	617	silenced	T045	C0598496
27526663	618	624	ProDH1	T028	C1418945
27526663	627	628	2	T028	C1424903
27526663	629	639	expression	T045	C0017262
27526663	640	644	fail	T169	C0231175
27526663	656	664	defences	T040	C1154988
27526663	677	691	hemibiotrophic	T033	C0243095
27526663	692	701	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27526663	702	710	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27526663	711	750	Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato AvrRpm1	T007	C0317966
27526663	752	763	Pst-AvrRpm1	T007	C0317966
27526663	775	781	ProDH1	T028	C1418945
27526663	786	792	ProDH2	T028	C1424903
27526663	812	821	regulated	T064	C0851285
27526663	825	839	salicylic acid	T109,T121	C0036079
27526663	841	843	SA	T109,T121	C0036079
27526663	875	881	prodh1	T002	C0162741
27526663	886	892	prodh2	T002	C0162741
27526663	901	907	mutant	T049	C0596988
27526663	908	914	plants	T002	C0032098
27526663	961	965	gene	T028	C0017337
27526663	969	979	resistance	T169	C4281815
27526663	988	999	Pst-AvrRpm1	T007	C0317966
27526663	1008	1020	necrotrophic	T033	C0243095
27526663	1021	1036	fungal pathogen	T004	C3826297
27526663	1037	1053	Botrytis cinerea	T004	C0579190
27526663	1083	1094	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27526663	1098	1104	ProDH1	T028	C1418945
27526663	1109	1115	ProDH2	T028	C1424903
27526663	1123	1136	jasmonic acid	T109	C0064138
27526663	1138	1140	JA	T109	C0064138
27526663	1142	1149	defence	T040	C1154988
27526663	1150	1157	pathway	T044	C1704259
27526663	1173	1179	ProDH1	T116,T126	C3657000
27526663	1184	1190	ProDH2	T116,T126	C3657000
27526663	1229	1239	resistance	T169	C4281815
27526663	1248	1259	Pst-AvrRpm1	T007	C0317966
27526663	1264	1274	B. cinerea	T004	C0579190
27526663	1285	1291	ProDH2	T116,T126	C3657000
27526663	1320	1331	restriction	T169	C0443288
27526663	1335	1345	B. cinerea	T004	C0579190
27526663	1346	1352	growth	T040	C0018270
27526663	1369	1375	ProDH1	T028	C1418945
27526663	1379	1391	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27526663	1395	1397	SA	T109,T121	C0036079
27526663	1402	1404	JA	T109	C0064138
27526663	1414	1420	ProDH2	T028	C1424903
27526663	1429	1438	activated	T052	C1879547
27526663	1442	1444	JA	T109	C0064138
27526663	1455	1460	genes	T028	C0017337
27526663	1469	1501	transcriptional inter-regulation	T045	C1158770
27526663	1505	1510	basal	T082	C0205112
27526663	1515	1524	infection	T046	C3714514
27526663	1525	1535	conditions	T080	C0348080
27526663	1601	1607	ProDH2	T028	C1424903
27526663	1611	1629	disease resistance	T040	C1136180
27526663	1661	1671	regulation	T064	C0851285
27526663	1694	1716	complementary function	T169	C0542341
27526663	1725	1740	enzyme isoforms	T116,T126	C0022173
27526663	1744	1752	infected	T033	C0439663
27526663	1753	1760	tissues	T024	C0040300
27526663	1806	1811	ProDH	T028	C1418945
27526663	1830	1840	biotrophic	T033	C0243095
27526663	1845	1857	necrotrophic	T033	C0243095
27526663	1858	1867	pathogens	T001	C0450254

27528428|t|Three zinc-finger RNA-binding proteins in cabbage (Brassica rapa) play diverse roles in seed germination and plant growth under normal and abiotic stress conditions
27528428|a|Despite the increasing understanding of the stress-responsive roles of zinc-finger RNA-binding proteins (RZs) in several plant species, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and rice (Oryza sativa), the functions of RZs in cabbage (Brassica rapa) have not yet been elucidated. In this study, the functional roles of the three RZ family members present in the cabbage genome, designated as BrRZ1, BrRZ2 and BrRZ3, were investigated in transgenic Arabidopsis under normal and environmental stress conditions. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that all BrRZ proteins were exclusively localized in the nucleus. The expression levels of each BrRZ were markedly increased by cold, drought or salt stress and by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Expression of BrRZ3 in Arabidopsis retarded seed germination and stem growth and reduced seed yield of Arabidopsis plants under normal growth conditions. Germination of BrRZ2 - or BrRZ3 - expressing Arabidopsis seeds was delayed compared with that of wild-type seeds under dehydration or salt stress conditions and cold stress conditions, respectively. Seedling growth of BrRZ3 - expressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants was significantly inhibited under salt, dehydration or cold stress conditions. Notably, seedling growth of all three BrRZ- expressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants was inhibited upon ABA treatment. Importantly, all BrRZs possessed RNA chaperone activity. Taken together, these results indicate that the three cabbage BrRZs harboring RNA chaperone activity play diverse roles in seed germination and seedling growth of plants under abiotic stress conditions as well as in the presence of ABA.
27528428	0	5	Three	T081	C0205449
27528428	6	17	zinc-finger	T087	C0080347
27528428	18	38	RNA-binding proteins	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	42	49	cabbage	T168	C0006619
27528428	51	64	Brassica rapa	T002	C0034670
27528428	71	78	diverse	T080	C1880371
27528428	88	104	seed germination	T040	C1160189
27528428	109	121	plant growth	T040	C0597252
27528428	128	134	normal	T080	C0205307
27528428	139	164	abiotic stress conditions	T040	C1154661
27528428	177	187	increasing	T169	C0442808
27528428	209	226	stress-responsive	T043	C1516374
27528428	236	247	zinc-finger	T087	C0080347
27528428	248	268	RNA-binding proteins	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	270	273	RZs	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	286	291	plant	T002	C0032098
27528428	292	299	species	T185	C1705920
27528428	309	329	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
27528428	331	336	wheat	T168	C0043137
27528428	338	355	Triticum aestivum	T002	C1123020
27528428	361	365	rice	T168	C0035567
27528428	367	379	Oryza sativa	T002	C1140671
27528428	386	395	functions	T169	C0542341
27528428	399	402	RZs	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	406	413	cabbage	T168	C0006619
27528428	415	428	Brassica rapa	T002	C0034670
27528428	468	473	study	T062	C2603343
27528428	479	495	functional roles	T169	C0542341
27528428	503	508	three	T081	C0205449
27528428	509	518	RZ family	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	542	549	cabbage	T168	C0006619
27528428	550	556	genome	T028	C0017428
27528428	558	568	designated	T169	C1524084
27528428	572	577	BrRZ1	T028	C1424868
27528428	579	584	BrRZ2	T028	C1424868
27528428	589	594	BrRZ3	T028	C1424868
27528428	617	627	transgenic	T002	C0085245
27528428	628	639	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162740
27528428	646	652	normal	T080	C0205307
27528428	657	688	environmental stress conditions	T040	C1154661
27528428	690	701	Subcellular	T026	C0038528
27528428	702	714	localization	T169	C0475264
27528428	715	723	analysis	T062	C0936012
27528428	742	755	BrRZ proteins	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	773	782	localized	T082	C0392752
27528428	790	797	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27528428	803	820	expression levels	T045	C1171362
27528428	829	833	BrRZ	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	848	857	increased	T169	C0442808
27528428	861	865	cold	T070	C0009264
27528428	867	874	drought	T070	C0013140
27528428	878	889	salt stress	T104	C0036140
27528428	897	910	abscisic acid	T109,T123	C0000843
27528428	912	915	ABA	T109,T123	C0000843
27528428	928	938	Expression	T045	C1171362
27528428	942	947	BrRZ3	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	951	962	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162740
27528428	963	971	retarded	T080	C0521111
27528428	972	988	seed germination	T040	C1160189
27528428	993	997	stem	T002	C0242767
27528428	998	1004	growth	T040	C0597252
27528428	1009	1016	reduced	T080	C0392756
27528428	1017	1021	seed	T002	C0036563
27528428	1031	1042	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162740
27528428	1043	1049	plants	T002	C0032098
27528428	1056	1062	normal	T080	C0205307
27528428	1063	1069	growth	T040	C0597252
27528428	1082	1093	Germination	T040	C1160189
27528428	1097	1102	BrRZ2	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	1108	1113	BrRZ3	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	1116	1126	expressing	T045	C1171362
27528428	1127	1138	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162740
27528428	1139	1144	seeds	T002	C0036563
27528428	1149	1156	delayed	T079	C0205421
27528428	1157	1165	compared	T052	C1707455
27528428	1179	1188	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27528428	1189	1194	seeds	T002	C0036563
27528428	1201	1212	dehydration	T047	C0011175
27528428	1216	1227	salt stress	T104	C0036140
27528428	1243	1254	cold stress	T070	C0009264
27528428	1281	1289	Seedling	T002	C0242437
27528428	1290	1296	growth	T040	C0597252
27528428	1290	1296	growth	T040	C0597252
27528428	1300	1305	BrRZ3	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	1308	1318	expressing	T045	C1171362
27528428	1319	1329	transgenic	T002	C0085245
27528428	1330	1341	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162740
27528428	1342	1348	plants	T002	C0032098
27528428	1367	1376	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27528428	1383	1387	salt	T104	C0036140
27528428	1389	1400	dehydration	T047	C0011175
27528428	1404	1426	cold stress conditions	T070	C0009264
27528428	1437	1445	seedling	T002	C0242437
27528428	1446	1452	growth	T040	C0597252
27528428	1460	1465	three	T081	C0205449
27528428	1472	1482	expressing	T045	C1171362
27528428	1483	1493	transgenic	T002	C0085245
27528428	1494	1505	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162740
27528428	1506	1512	plants	T002	C0032098
27528428	1517	1526	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27528428	1532	1535	ABA	T109,T123	C0000843
27528428	1564	1569	BrRZs	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	1570	1579	possessed	T078	C3154893
27528428	1580	1583	RNA	T114	C0035668
27528428	1584	1602	chaperone activity	T044	C1149552
27528428	1626	1633	results	T033	C2825142
27528428	1652	1657	three	T081	C0205449
27528428	1658	1665	cabbage	T168	C0006619
27528428	1666	1671	BrRZs	T116,T123	C0085177
27528428	1682	1685	RNA	T114	C0035668
27528428	1686	1704	chaperone activity	T044	C1149552
27528428	1710	1717	diverse	T080	C1880371
27528428	1727	1743	seed germination	T040	C1160189
27528428	1748	1756	seedling	T002	C0242437
27528428	1748	1756	seedling	T002	C0242437
27528428	1757	1763	growth	T040	C0597252
27528428	1767	1773	plants	T002	C0032098
27528428	1780	1805	abiotic stress conditions	T040	C1154661
27528428	1824	1832	presence	T033	C0150312
27528428	1836	1839	ABA	T109,T123	C0000843

27528471|t|Longitudinal Associations Between Cyberbullying Involvement and Adolescent Mental Health
27528471|a|Cyberbullying differs from face-to-face bullying and may negatively influence adolescent mental health, but there is a lack of definitive research on this topic. This study examines longitudinal associations between cyberbullying involvement and adolescent mental health. Participants were 2,480 teenagers taking part in the Olympic Regeneration in East London study. We collected information from participants when they were 12-13 years old and again 1 year later to examine links between involvement in cyberbullying and future symptoms of depression and social anxiety, and mental well-being. At baseline, 14% reported being cybervictims, 8% reported being cyberbullies, and 20% reported being cyberbully-victims in the previous year. Compared to uninvolved adolescents, cybervictims and cyberbully-victims were significantly more likely to report symptoms of depression (cybervictims: odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.00, 2.06]; cyberbully-victims: OR = 1.54, 95% CI [1.13, 2.09]) and social anxiety (cybervictims: OR = 1.52, 95% CI [1.11, 2.07]; cyberbully-victims: OR = 1.44, 95% CI [1.10, 1.89]) but not below average well-being (cybervictims: relative risk ratio = 1.28, 95% CI [.86, 1.91]; cyberbully-victims: relative risk ratio = 1.38, 95% CI [.95, 1.99]) at 1 year follow-up, after adjustment for confounding factors including baseline mental health. This study emphasizes the high prevalence of cyberbullying and the potential of cybervictimization as a risk factor for future depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and below average well-being among adolescents. Future research should identify protective factors and possible interventions to reduce adolescent cyberbullying.
27528471	0	12	Longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27528471	13	25	Associations	T080	C0439849
27528471	34	47	Cyberbullying	T054	C3178746
27528471	48	59	Involvement	T169	C1314939
27528471	64	74	Adolescent	T100	C0205653
27528471	75	88	Mental Health	T041	C0025353
27528471	89	102	Cyberbullying	T054	C3178746
27528471	116	128	face-to-face	T169	C1553514
27528471	129	137	bullying	T048	C0424318
27528471	146	156	negatively	T033	C0205160
27528471	157	166	influence	T077	C4054723
27528471	167	177	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27528471	178	191	mental health	T041	C0025353
27528471	227	235	research	T062	C0035168
27528471	256	261	study	T062	C2603343
27528471	262	270	examines	T169	C1292732
27528471	271	283	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27528471	284	296	associations	T080	C0439849
27528471	305	318	cyberbullying	T054	C3178746
27528471	319	330	involvement	T169	C1314939
27528471	335	345	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27528471	346	359	mental health	T041	C0025353
27528471	361	373	Participants	T098	C0679646
27528471	385	394	teenagers	T098	C1521910
27528471	414	455	Olympic Regeneration in East London study	T062	C0681814
27528471	470	481	information	T078	C1533716
27528471	487	499	participants	T098	C0679646
27528471	521	526	years	T079	C0439234
27528471	527	530	old	T079	C0580836
27528471	543	547	year	T079	C0439234
27528471	579	590	involvement	T169	C1314939
27528471	594	607	cyberbullying	T054	C3178746
27528471	619	627	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27528471	631	641	depression	T048	C0011570
27528471	646	660	social anxiety	T048	C0424166
27528471	666	683	mental well-being	T041	C0025353
27528471	688	696	baseline	T081	C1442488
27528471	702	710	reported	T170	C0684224
27528471	717	729	cybervictims	T098	C0680681
27528471	734	742	reported	T170	C0684224
27528471	749	761	cyberbullies	T098	C1257890
27528471	771	779	reported	T170	C0684224
27528471	786	804	cyberbully-victims	T098	C0680681
27528471	821	825	year	T079	C0439234
27528471	827	835	Compared	T052	C1707455
27528471	839	849	uninvolved	T080	C0205429
27528471	850	861	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27528471	863	875	cybervictims	T098	C0680681
27528471	880	898	cyberbully-victims	T098	C0680681
27528471	933	939	report	T170	C0684224
27528471	940	948	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27528471	952	962	depression	T048	C0011570
27528471	964	976	cybervictims	T098	C0680681
27528471	978	988	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27528471	990	992	OR	T081	C0028873
27528471	1006	1025	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27528471	1027	1029	CI	T081	C0009667
27528471	1045	1063	cyberbully-victims	T098	C0680681
27528471	1065	1067	OR	T081	C0028873
27528471	1080	1082	CI	T081	C0009667
27528471	1101	1115	social anxiety	T048	C0424166
27528471	1117	1129	cybervictims	T098	C0680681
27528471	1131	1133	OR	T081	C0028873
27528471	1146	1148	CI	T081	C0009667
27528471	1163	1181	cyberbully-victims	T098	C0680681
27528471	1183	1185	OR	T081	C0028873
27528471	1198	1200	CI	T081	C0009667
27528471	1237	1247	well-being	T041	C0025353
27528471	1249	1261	cybervictims	T098	C0680681
27528471	1263	1282	relative risk ratio	T081	C0242492
27528471	1295	1297	CI	T081	C0009667
27528471	1311	1329	cyberbully-victims	T098	C0680681
27528471	1331	1350	relative risk ratio	T081	C0242492
27528471	1363	1365	CI	T081	C0009667
27528471	1384	1388	year	T079	C0439234
27528471	1389	1398	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27528471	1421	1440	confounding factors	T169	C0009673
27528471	1451	1459	baseline	T081	C1442488
27528471	1460	1473	mental health	T041	C0025353
27528471	1480	1485	study	T062	C2603343
27528471	1506	1516	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27528471	1520	1533	cyberbullying	T054	C3178746
27528471	1555	1573	cybervictimization	T068	C0376695
27528471	1579	1590	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27528471	1602	1621	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27528471	1623	1637	social anxiety	T048	C0424166
27528471	1638	1646	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27528471	1666	1676	well-being	T041	C0025353
27528471	1683	1694	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27528471	1703	1711	research	T062	C0035168
27528471	1728	1746	protective factors	T055	C0679688
27528471	1760	1773	interventions	T169	C1314939
27528471	1777	1783	reduce	T080	C0392756
27528471	1784	1794	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27528471	1795	1808	cyberbullying	T054	C3178746

27528862|t|A proteomic evaluation of urinary changes associated with cardiopulmonary bypass
27528862|a|The urinary proteome of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may provide important insights into systemic and renal changes associated with the procedure. Such information may ultimately provide a basis to differentiate changes or properties associated with the development of acute kidney injury. While mass spectrometry (MS) analysis offers the potential for in-depth compositional analysis it is often limited in coverage and relative quantitation capacity. The aim of this study was to develop a process flow for the preparation and comparison of the intraoperative urinary proteome. Urines were collected from patients at the start of CPB and 1-h into CPB. Pooled samples (n = 5) from each time point were processed using a modified Filter Assisted Sample Preparation protocol. The resulting peptides were analyzed by 2D-LC-MS / MS and by 1D-LC-MS / MS SWATH (Sequential Window acquisition of All Theoretical fragment ion spectra). The 2D-LC-MS / MS analysis identified 1324 proteins in the two pools, of which 744 were quantifiable. The SWATH approach provided quantitation for 730 proteins, 552 of which overlapped with the common population from the 2D-IDA results. Intensity correlation filtering between the two methods gave 475 proteins for biological interpretation. Proteins displaying greater than threefold changes (>log2 1.59) at 1-hour CPB relative to the initiation of CPB (26 down-regulated and 22 up-regulated) were selected for further analysis. Up-regulated proteins were enriched in GO terms related to humoral immune response, predominantly innate immunity (C4b, lactotransferrin, protein S100-A8, cathelicidin, myeloperoxidase) and extracellular matrix reorganization (e.g. MMP-9). This study describes a scheme for processing urine from patients undergoing CPB for mass spectrometry -based analysis. The introduction of SWATH into the workflow offers a sample and instrument sparing approach to obtaining consistent in-depth sample analysis. The design of the methodology is such that it can be readily applied to large numbers of clinical samples with the potential for automation. The results also suggest that activation of the innate immune responses occur during cardiac bypass surgery.
27528862	2	22	proteomic evaluation	T059	C1327760
27528862	26	41	urinary changes	T169	C0243172
27528862	42	57	associated with	T080	C0332281
27528862	58	80	cardiopulmonary bypass	T061	C0007202
27528862	85	92	urinary	T080	C1524119
27528862	93	101	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
27528862	105	113	patients	T101	C0030705
27528862	125	147	cardiopulmonary bypass	T061	C0007202
27528862	149	152	CPB	T061	C0007202
27528862	190	198	systemic	UnknownType	C0749223
27528862	203	216	renal changes	T033	C0184571
27528862	217	232	associated with	T080	C0332281
27528862	237	246	procedure	T061	C0087111
27528862	253	264	information	T078	C1533716
27528862	335	350	associated with	T080	C0332281
27528862	355	366	development	T169	C1527148
27528862	370	389	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
27528862	397	414	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27528862	416	418	MS	T059	C0037813
27528862	420	428	analysis	T062	C0936012
27528862	440	449	potential	T080	C3245505
27528862	463	476	compositional	T070	C0243176
27528862	477	485	analysis	T062	C0936012
27528862	531	543	quantitation	T081	C1709793
27528862	544	552	capacity	T081	C1516240
27528862	558	561	aim	T078	C1947946
27528862	570	575	study	T062	C0008972
27528862	648	662	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27528862	663	670	urinary	T080	C1524119
27528862	671	679	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
27528862	681	687	Urines	T031	C0042036
27528862	708	716	patients	T101	C0030705
27528862	733	736	CPB	T061	C0007202
27528862	750	753	CPB	T061	C0007202
27528862	755	769	Pooled samples	T167	C1709595
27528862	822	874	modified Filter Assisted Sample Preparation protocol	T059	C1720914
27528862	890	898	peptides	T116	C0030956
27528862	916	924	2D-LC-MS	T059	C0872318
27528862	927	929	MS	T059	C0037813
27528862	937	945	1D-LC-MS	T059	C0872318
27528862	948	950	MS	T059	C0037813
27528862	951	956	SWATH	T059	C0022885
27528862	958	1027	Sequential Window acquisition of All Theoretical fragment ion spectra	T059	C0022885
27528862	1034	1042	2D-LC-MS	T059	C0872318
27528862	1045	1047	MS	T059	C0037813
27528862	1048	1056	analysis	T062	C0936012
27528862	1073	1081	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27528862	1093	1098	pools	T201	C1509144
27528862	1136	1150	SWATH approach	T059	C0022885
27528862	1160	1172	quantitation	T081	C1709793
27528862	1181	1189	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27528862	1204	1214	overlapped	T079	C1948020
27528862	1251	1257	2D-IDA	T170	C0449859
27528862	1267	1288	Intensity correlation	T062,T170	C0010101
27528862	1289	1298	filtering	T062	C0242481
27528862	1315	1322	methods	T170	C0449309
27528862	1332	1340	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27528862	1372	1380	Proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27528862	1446	1449	CPB	T061	C0007202
27528862	1480	1483	CPB	T061	C0007202
27528862	1488	1502	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27528862	1510	1522	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27528862	1550	1558	analysis	T062	C0936012
27528862	1560	1572	Up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27528862	1573	1581	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27528862	1599	1601	GO	T170	C1138831
27528862	1619	1642	humoral immune response	T043	C1155229
27528862	1658	1673	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
27528862	1675	1678	C4b	T116,T129	C1448577
27528862	1680	1696	lactotransferrin	T116,T123	C0022942
27528862	1698	1713	protein S100-A8	T116,T129	C4281719
27528862	1715	1727	cathelicidin	T116,T123	C0671062
27528862	1729	1744	myeloperoxidase	T116,T126	C0027021
27528862	1750	1770	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27528862	1771	1785	reorganization	T043	C1511632
27528862	1792	1797	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27528862	1805	1810	study	T062	C0008972
27528862	1834	1844	processing	T059	C0037793
27528862	1845	1850	urine	T031	C0042036
27528862	1856	1864	patients	T101	C0030705
27528862	1876	1879	CPB	T061	C0007202
27528862	1884	1901	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27528862	1909	1917	analysis	T059	C0002778
27528862	1939	1944	SWATH	T059	C0022885
27528862	1954	1962	workflow	T077	C1710679
27528862	2035	2059	in-depth sample analysis	T059	C1303103
27528862	2079	2090	methodology	T062	C0086912
27528862	2150	2166	clinical samples	T167	C0370003
27528862	2176	2185	potential	T080	C3245505
27528862	2190	2200	automation	T066	C2718029
27528862	2206	2213	results	T034	C0456984
27528862	2232	2273	activation of the innate immune responses	T040	C1817386
27528862	2287	2309	cardiac bypass surgery	T061	C1536078

27529135|t|Effect of Protein Repetitiveness on Protein-Protein Interaction Prediction Results Using Support Vector Machines
27529135|a|There are many computational approaches to predict the protein-protein interactions using support vector machines (SVMs) with high performance. In fact, performance of currently reported methods are significantly over-estimated and affected by the object repetitiveness in the datasets used. To study the effect of object repetitiveness of datasets on predicting results. We present novel methods to construct different positive datasets with or without repeating proteins using graph maximum matching in the protein-protein interaction datasets and corresponding series of negative datasets with different proteins repetitiveness are constructed using graph adjacency matrix. The relationship between the SVM prediction results and the repeated proteins (repeat numbers and repeat rates) and the distributions of repeated proteins in the datasets are analyzed. Protein repetitiveness of positive and negative datasets can affect the prediction result: high protein repetitiveness of positive or negative datasets yield high performance prediction result. This indicate that dealing with object repetitiveness of datasets is a key issue in protein-protein interactions prediction using SVMs since real world data contain certain degrees of repeat proteins.
27529135	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27529135	10	17	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27529135	18	32	Repetitiveness	T169	C0205341
27529135	36	63	Protein-Protein Interaction	T044	C0872079
27529135	64	74	Prediction	T078	C0681842
27529135	75	82	Results	T169	C1274040
27529135	89	112	Support Vector Machines	T081	C2699740
27529135	128	152	computational approaches	T062	C1516769
27529135	168	196	protein-protein interactions	T044	C0872079
27529135	203	226	support vector machines	T081	C2699740
27529135	228	232	SVMs	T081	C2699740
27529135	300	307	methods	T170	C0025663
27529135	368	382	repetitiveness	T169	C0205341
27529135	390	398	datasets	T170	C0150098
27529135	408	413	study	T062	C2603343
27529135	435	449	repetitiveness	T169	C0205341
27529135	453	461	datasets	T170	C0150098
27529135	465	475	predicting	T078	C0681842
27529135	476	483	results	T169	C1274040
27529135	502	509	methods	T170	C0025663
27529135	533	541	positive	T033	C1446409
27529135	542	550	datasets	T170	C0150098
27529135	577	585	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27529135	592	597	graph	T170	C0681493
27529135	622	649	protein-protein interaction	T044	C0872079
27529135	650	658	datasets	T170	C0150098
27529135	687	695	negative	T033	C0205160
27529135	696	704	datasets	T170	C0150098
27529135	720	728	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27529135	729	743	repetitiveness	T169	C0205341
27529135	766	771	graph	T170	C0681493
27529135	772	788	adjacency matrix	T082	C1879629
27529135	794	806	relationship	T080	C0439849
27529135	819	822	SVM	T081	C2699740
27529135	823	833	prediction	T078	C0681842
27529135	834	841	results	T169	C1274040
27529135	850	858	repeated	T169	C0205341
27529135	859	867	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27529135	910	923	distributions	T169	C1704711
27529135	927	935	repeated	T169	C0205341
27529135	936	944	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27529135	952	960	datasets	T170	C0150098
27529135	975	982	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27529135	983	997	repetitiveness	T169	C0205341
27529135	1001	1009	positive	T033	C1446409
27529135	1014	1022	negative	T033	C0205160
27529135	1023	1031	datasets	T170	C0150098
27529135	1047	1057	prediction	T078	C0681842
27529135	1058	1064	result	T169	C1274040
27529135	1071	1078	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27529135	1079	1093	repetitiveness	T169	C0205341
27529135	1097	1105	positive	T033	C1446409
27529135	1109	1117	negative	T033	C0205160
27529135	1118	1126	datasets	T170	C0150098
27529135	1161	1167	result	T169	C1274040
27529135	1208	1222	repetitiveness	T169	C0205341
27529135	1226	1234	datasets	T170	C0150098
27529135	1253	1281	protein-protein interactions	T044	C0872079
27529135	1282	1292	prediction	T078	C0681842
27529135	1299	1303	SVMs	T081	C2699740
27529135	1321	1325	data	T078	C1511726
27529135	1353	1359	repeat	T169	C0205341
27529135	1360	1368	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684

27529866|t|Cinobufagin Modulates Human Innate Immune Responses and Triggers Antibacterial Activity
27529866|a|The traditional Chinese medicine Chan-Su is widely used for treatment of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, but also as a remedy for infections such as furunculosis, tonsillitis and acute pharyngitis. The clinical use of Chan-Su suggests that it has anti-infective effects, however, the mechanism of action is incompletely understood. In particular, the effect on the human immune system is poorly defined. Here, we describe previously unrecognized immunomodulatory activities of cinobufagin (CBG), a major bioactive component of Chan-Su. Using human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), we show that LPS - induced maturation and production of a number of cytokines was potently inhibited by CBG, which also had a pro-apoptotic effect, associated with activation of caspase-3. Interestingly, CBG triggered caspase-1 activation and significantly enhanced IL-1β production in LPS - stimulated cells. Finally, we demonstrate that CBG upregulates gene expression of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hBD-2 and hBD-3 in DCs, and induces secretion of HNP1 - 3 and hCAP-18/LL-37 from neutrophils, potentiating neutrophil antibacterial activity. Taken together, our data indicate that CBG modulates the inflammatory phenotype of DCs in response to LPS, and triggers an antibacterial innate immune response, thus proposing possible mechanisms for the clinical effects of Chan-Su in anti-infective therapy.
27529866	0	11	Cinobufagin	T109,T121	C0055767
27529866	12	21	Modulates	T082	C0443264
27529866	22	27	Human	T016	C0086418
27529866	28	51	Innate Immune Responses	T032	C0020969
27529866	56	64	Triggers	T201	C0032930
27529866	65	87	Antibacterial Activity	T040	C1516002
27529866	92	103	traditional	T169	C0443324
27529866	104	111	Chinese	T083	C0008115
27529866	112	120	medicine	T121	C0013227
27529866	121	128	Chan-Su	T109,T121,T123	C0381424
27529866	148	167	treatment of cancer	T061	C0920425
27529866	172	195	cardiovascular diseases	T058	C2243057
27529866	222	232	infections	T046	C3714514
27529866	241	253	furunculosis	T047	C0016867
27529866	255	266	tonsillitis	T047	C0040425
27529866	271	288	acute pharyngitis	T047	C0001344
27529866	310	317	Chan-Su	T109,T121,T123	C0381424
27529866	339	361	anti-infective effects	T080	C1280500
27529866	376	385	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27529866	389	395	action	T052	C3266814
27529866	443	449	effect	T080	C1280500
27529866	457	462	human	T016	C0086418
27529866	463	476	immune system	T022	C0020962
27529866	538	554	immunomodulatory	T061	C1963758
27529866	555	565	activities	T052	C0441655
27529866	569	580	cinobufagin	T109,T121	C0055767
27529866	582	585	CBG	T109,T121	C0055767
27529866	596	615	bioactive component	T167	C3714412
27529866	619	626	Chan-Su	T109,T121,T123	C0381424
27529866	634	639	human	T016	C0086418
27529866	640	656	monocyte-derived	T023	C3891282
27529866	657	672	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
27529866	674	677	DCs	T025	C0011306
27529866	693	696	LPS	T109	C0023810
27529866	699	706	induced	T169	C0205263
27529866	707	717	maturation	UnknownType	C0678730
27529866	722	732	production	T169	C0205245
27529866	748	757	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27529866	762	780	potently inhibited	T080	C0311403
27529866	784	787	CBG	T109,T121	C0055767
27529866	806	819	pro-apoptotic	T080	C1516044
27529866	820	826	effect	T080	C1280500
27529866	828	843	associated with	T080	C0332281
27529866	844	854	activation	T044	C0014429
27529866	858	867	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27529866	884	887	CBG	T109,T121	C0055767
27529866	898	907	caspase-1	T116,T126	C0534519
27529866	908	918	activation	T044	C0014429
27529866	923	945	significantly enhanced	T052	C2349975
27529866	946	951	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27529866	952	962	production	T169	C0205245
27529866	966	969	LPS	T109	C0023810
27529866	972	982	stimulated	T070	C1948023
27529866	983	988	cells	T025	C0007634
27529866	1019	1022	CBG	T109,T121	C0055767
27529866	1023	1034	upregulates	T044	C0041904
27529866	1035	1050	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27529866	1058	1080	antimicrobial peptides	T116,T121	C4084937
27529866	1082	1086	AMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
27529866	1088	1093	hBD-2	T116,T121,T129	C0540333
27529866	1098	1103	hBD-3	T116	C2604787
27529866	1107	1110	DCs	T025	C0011306
27529866	1116	1123	induces	T169	C0205263
27529866	1124	1133	secretion	T038	C0036536
27529866	1137	1141	HNP1	T116,T121,T129	C0122620
27529866	1144	1145	3	T116,T121,T129	C0122160
27529866	1150	1163	hCAP-18/LL-37	T116,T121,T123	C0108282
27529866	1169	1180	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27529866	1195	1205	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27529866	1206	1228	antibacterial activity	T040	C1516002
27529866	1250	1254	data	T078	C1511726
27529866	1269	1272	CBG	T109,T121	C0055767
27529866	1273	1282	modulates	T082	C0443264
27529866	1287	1299	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27529866	1300	1309	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27529866	1313	1316	DCs	T025	C0011306
27529866	1332	1335	LPS	T109	C0023810
27529866	1341	1349	triggers	T201	C0032930
27529866	1353	1366	antibacterial	T195	C0279516
27529866	1367	1389	innate immune response	T032	C0020969
27529866	1415	1425	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27529866	1434	1450	clinical effects	T080	C1280500
27529866	1454	1461	Chan-Su	T109,T121,T123	C0381424
27529866	1465	1487	anti-infective therapy	T061	C1141958

27530053|t|From ' sense of number ' to ' sense of magnitude ' - The role of continuous magnitudes in numerical cognition
27530053|a|In this review, we are pitting two theories against each other: the more accepted theory -the ' number sense ' theory -suggesting that a sense of number is innate and non-symbolic numerosity is being processed independently of continuous magnitudes (e.g., size, area, density); and the newly emerging theory suggesting that (1) both numerosities and continuous magnitudes are processed holistically when comparing numerosities, and (2) a sense of number might not be innate. In the first part of this review, we discuss the ' number sense ' theory. Against this background, we demonstrate how the natural correlation between numerosities and continuous magnitudes makes it nearly impossible to study non-symbolic numerosity processing in isolation from continuous magnitudes, and therefore the results of behavioral and imaging studies with infants, adults and animals can be explained, at least in part, by relying on continuous magnitudes. In the second part, we explain the ' sense of magnitude ' theory and review studies that directly demonstrate that continuous magnitudes are more automatic and basic than numerosities. Finally, we present outstanding questions. Our conclusion is that there is not enough convincing evidence to support the number sense theory anymore. Therefore, we encourage researchers not to assume that number sense is simply innate, but to put this hypothesis to the test, and to consider if such an assumption is even testable in light of the correlation of numerosity and continuous magnitudes.
27530053	7	22	sense of number	T041	C0596887
27530053	30	38	sense of	T041	C0424215
27530053	39	48	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27530053	65	75	continuous	T078	C0549178
27530053	76	86	magnitudes	T081	C1704240
27530053	90	99	numerical	T081	C0237753
27530053	100	109	cognition	T041	C0009240
27530053	133	140	pitting	T169	C0205323
27530053	145	153	theories	T078	C0871935
27530053	192	198	theory	T078	C0871935
27530053	206	218	number sense	T041	C0596887
27530053	221	227	theory	T078	C0871935
27530053	247	262	sense of number	T041	C0596887
27530053	266	272	innate	T055	C0021619
27530053	277	300	non-symbolic numerosity	T041	C0871836
27530053	337	347	continuous	T078	C0549178
27530053	348	358	magnitudes	T081	C1704240
27530053	366	370	size	T082	C0456389
27530053	372	376	area	T082	C0205146
27530053	378	385	density	T081	C0178587
27530053	411	417	theory	T078	C0871935
27530053	443	455	numerosities	T041	C0871836
27530053	460	470	continuous	T078	C0549178
27530053	471	481	magnitudes	T081	C1704240
27530053	524	536	numerosities	T041	C0871836
27530053	548	563	sense of number	T041	C0596887
27530053	577	583	innate	T055	C0021619
27530053	636	648	number sense	T041	C0596887
27530053	651	657	theory	T078	C0871935
27530053	715	726	correlation	T080	C1707520
27530053	735	747	numerosities	T041	C0871836
27530053	752	762	continuous	T078	C0549178
27530053	763	773	magnitudes	T081	C1704240
27530053	810	844	non-symbolic numerosity processing	T041	C0871836
27530053	863	873	continuous	T078	C0549178
27530053	874	884	magnitudes	T081	C1704240
27530053	915	925	behavioral	T062	C0004939
27530053	930	945	imaging studies	T060	C1881134
27530053	951	958	infants	T100	C0021270
27530053	960	966	adults	T100	C0001675
27530053	971	978	animals	T008	C0003062
27530053	1029	1039	continuous	T078	C0549178
27530053	1040	1050	magnitudes	T081	C1704240
27530053	1089	1097	sense of	T041	C0424215
27530053	1098	1107	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27530053	1110	1116	theory	T078	C0871935
27530053	1110	1116	theory	T078	C0871935
27530053	1167	1177	continuous	T078	C0549178
27530053	1178	1188	magnitudes	T081	C1704240
27530053	1223	1235	numerosities	T041	C0871836
27530053	1358	1370	number sense	T041	C0596887
27530053	1371	1377	theory	T078	C0871935
27530053	1371	1377	theory	T078	C0871935
27530053	1442	1454	number sense	T041	C0596887
27530053	1465	1471	innate	T055	C0021619
27530053	1489	1499	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27530053	1584	1595	correlation	T080	C1707520
27530053	1599	1609	numerosity	T041	C0871836
27530053	1614	1624	continuous	T078	C0549178
27530053	1625	1635	magnitudes	T081	C1704240

27530243|t|Drug-drug interactions of cytostatics with regular medicines in lung cancer patients
27530243|a|Lung cancer patients have a high risk for drug-drug interactions, as they use numerous types of concomitant medicines including antineoplastic agents, cancer treatment co-medication, and medicines aimed at several types of comorbidities. The primary objective of this study is to determine the incidence and the clinical relevance of the drug-drug interactions between antineoplastic agents and regular medication used by lung cancer patients. Secondary objectives are (i) to determine the effectiveness of the medication review by the hospital pharmacists concerned, (ii) to establish which patients are most at risk of drug-drug interactions and (iii) to determine whether physicians comply with advice given by hospital pharmacists. This prospective study was undertaken in a Dutch hospital pharmacy, at Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam. All lung cancer patients receiving one or more cytotoxic agents during the period 21 June 2010 till 2 December 2014 at OLVG were included. The medication list of the patients was obtained electronically from the community pharmacy and checked for interactions by a hospital pharmacist. Interactions that required intervention according to the national database were the only ones taken into account. Interventions were recorded in the patients ' electronic chart s. All medication reviews were cross-checked and analyzed by an independent pharmacist at the end of the study period. Prevalence and clinical relevance of drug-drug interactions between antineoplastic agents and other types of medication in lung cancer patients. A total of 298 lung cancer patients were included in this study. In 53 patients (18%), a total of 73 interactions with potential clinical relevance were found. The most frequent interaction was between cytostatics and coumarins while the most relevant one was between cisplatin and furosemide. According to statistical analysis, gender as well as the number of drugs prescribed were significant predictors for drug-drug interactions. Eighty-four percent of the interactions were discovered by pharmacists during daily routine. In 92% of the cases, the pulmonary physicians complied with the advice of the pharmacist. Eighteen percent of lung cancer patients treated with cytotoxic therapy had one or more relevant drug-drug interactions. This study shows that medication surveillance by a hospital pharmacist is necessary to prevent possible negative drug-drug interactions. Further research should focus on the clinical outcome of the interactions as well as on interactions between cytostatics and alternative medicines and/or over-the-counter medicines.
27530243	0	22	Drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	26	37	cytostatics	T121	C0010858
27530243	43	60	regular medicines	T121	C0013227
27530243	64	75	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27530243	76	84	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	85	96	Lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27530243	97	105	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	127	149	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	181	192	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27530243	193	202	medicines	T121	C0013227
27530243	213	234	antineoplastic agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27530243	236	252	cancer treatment	T061	C0920425
27530243	253	266	co-medication	T121	C0013227
27530243	272	281	medicines	T121	C0013227
27530243	272	281	medicines	T121	C0013227
27530243	308	321	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27530243	397	405	clinical	T080	C0205210
27530243	406	415	relevance	T080	C2347946
27530243	423	445	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	454	475	antineoplastic agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27530243	480	498	regular medication	T121	C0013227
27530243	507	518	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27530243	519	527	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	575	588	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27530243	596	606	medication	T121	C0013227
27530243	621	641	hospital pharmacists	T097	C0402002
27530243	677	685	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	695	702	at risk	T080	C1444641
27530243	706	728	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	760	770	physicians	T097	C0031831
27530243	799	819	hospital pharmacists	T097	C0402002
27530243	826	843	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27530243	864	887	Dutch hospital pharmacy	T058	C0031321
27530243	892	918	Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis	T083	C0017446
27530243	920	924	OLVG	T083	C0017446
27530243	927	936	Amsterdam	T083	C0017446
27530243	942	953	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27530243	954	962	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	985	1001	cytotoxic agents	T121	C0304497
27530243	1057	1061	OLVG	T083	C0017446
27530243	1081	1091	medication	T121	C0013227
27530243	1104	1112	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	1150	1168	community pharmacy	T093	C0009478
27530243	1185	1197	interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	1203	1222	hospital pharmacist	T097	C0402002
27530243	1224	1236	Interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	1251	1263	intervention	T061	C0184661
27530243	1281	1298	national database	T170	C0242356
27530243	1338	1351	Interventions	T061	C0184661
27530243	1373	1381	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	1384	1400	electronic chart	T170	C0282574
27530243	1408	1418	medication	T121	C0013227
27530243	1465	1487	independent pharmacist	T097	C0031323
27530243	1535	1543	clinical	T080	C0205210
27530243	1544	1553	relevance	T080	C2347946
27530243	1557	1579	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	1588	1609	antineoplastic agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27530243	1629	1639	medication	T121	C0013227
27530243	1643	1654	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27530243	1655	1663	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	1680	1691	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27530243	1692	1700	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	1736	1744	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	1766	1778	interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	1794	1802	clinical	T080	C0205210
27530243	1803	1812	relevance	T080	C2347946
27530243	1843	1854	interaction	T044	C0687133
27530243	1867	1878	cytostatics	T121	C0010858
27530243	1883	1892	coumarins	T109,T121	C0010207
27530243	1933	1942	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27530243	1947	1957	furosemide	T109,T121	C0016860
27530243	1972	1992	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27530243	1994	2000	gender	T032	C0079399
27530243	2026	2042	drugs prescribed	T121	C3166216
27530243	2048	2070	significant predictors	T078	C2698872
27530243	2075	2097	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	2126	2138	interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	2158	2169	pharmacists	T097	C0031323
27530243	2217	2237	pulmonary physicians	T097	C1555769
27530243	2270	2280	pharmacist	T097	C0031323
27530243	2302	2313	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27530243	2314	2322	patients	T101	C0030705
27530243	2336	2353	cytotoxic therapy	T061	C0677881
27530243	2370	2378	relevant	T080	C2347946
27530243	2379	2401	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	2425	2435	medication	T121	C0013227
27530243	2454	2473	hospital pharmacist	T097	C0402002
27530243	2507	2538	negative drug-drug interactions	T046	C0678798
27530243	2577	2593	clinical outcome	T081	C0086749
27530243	2601	2613	interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	2628	2640	interactions	T044	C0687133
27530243	2649	2660	cytostatics	T121	C0010858
27530243	2665	2686	alternative medicines	T091	C0002346
27530243	2711	2720	medicines	T121	C0013227

27530333|t|Relation of Plasma Lipoprotein(a) to Subclinical Coronary Plaque Volumes, Three-Vessel and Left Main Coronary Disease, and Severe Coronary Stenoses in Apparently Healthy African-Americans With a Family History of Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease
27530333|a|Serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factor in persons of European ancestry. Levels are twofold to threefold higher in African-Americans (AAs), but reported associations with CAD have been inconsistent. The relation of Lp(a) with the extent and severity of subclinical coronary plaque has not been described in AAs. We screened 269 apparently healthy AAs for risk factors and coronary plaque using advanced coronary computed tomographic angiography. Total coronary plaque (TCP), noncalcified coronary plaque, and calcified coronary plaque volumes (mm(3)) were quantified using a validated automated method. Lp(a) was measured by ELISA. Multivariable modeling was performed with adjustment for traditional CAD risk factors and intrafamilial correlations. Mean age was 51 ± 11 years and 64% were female. Plaque was present in 41%. Lp(a) was independently associated with TCP volume [log(TCP + 1)] (p = 0.04), 3-vessel and/or left main involvement (p = 0.04), and at least 1 stenosis >50% (p = 0.006). Best-fit regression analyses showed that subjects with Lp(a) >40 mg/dl were threefold more likely to have 3-vessel and/or left main disease (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 6.8, p = 0.005) and fourfold more likely to have stenosis >50% (95% confidence interval 1.3 to 15.0, p = 0.02). In subjects with plaque (n = 110), multivariable models showed the Lp(a) level was significantly and independently associated with TCP (p = 0.009), noncalcified coronary plaque (p = 0.01), and calcified coronary plaque (p = 0.003) and affected vessel length (p = 0.01). In conclusion, high Lp(a) is strongly associated with coronary plaque volumes, extent, and severity in apparently healthy AAs. High levels of Lp(a) may be particularly important in the pathogenesis of CAD in AAs.
27530333	0	8	Relation	T080	C0439849
27530333	12	18	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27530333	19	33	Lipoprotein(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
27530333	37	48	Subclinical	T080	C0205211
27530333	74	86	Three-Vessel	T047	C3272265
27530333	91	117	Left Main Coronary Disease	T047	C1299433
27530333	123	129	Severe	T080	C0205082
27530333	130	147	Coronary Stenoses	T047	C0242231
27530333	151	161	Apparently	T078	C0750541
27530333	162	169	Healthy	T080	C3898900
27530333	170	187	African-Americans	T098	C0085756
27530333	195	209	Family History	T033	C0241889
27530333	213	224	Early-Onset	T033	C1833334
27530333	225	248	Coronary Artery Disease	T047	C0010054
27530333	249	254	Serum	T031	C0229671
27530333	255	269	lipoprotein(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
27530333	271	276	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
27530333	283	306	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010054
27530333	308	311	CAD	T047	C0010054
27530333	313	324	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27530333	328	335	persons	T098	C0027361
27530333	339	356	European ancestry	T098	C1257905
27530333	358	364	Levels	T080	C0441889
27530333	390	396	higher	T080	C0205250
27530333	400	417	African-Americans	T098	C0085756
27530333	419	422	AAs	T098	C0085756
27530333	438	450	associations	T080	C0439849
27530333	456	459	CAD	T047	C0010054
27530333	488	496	relation	T080	C0439849
27530333	500	505	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
27530333	515	521	extent	T082	C0439792
27530333	526	534	severity	T080	C0439793
27530333	538	549	subclinical	T080	C0205211
27530333	550	558	coronary	T023	C0018787
27530333	559	565	plaque	T033	C0332461
27530333	592	595	AAs	T098	C0085756
27530333	600	608	screened	T058	C0220908
27530333	613	623	apparently	T078	C0750541
27530333	624	631	healthy	T080	C3898900
27530333	632	635	AAs	T098	C0085756
27530333	640	652	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27530333	657	665	coronary	T023	C0018787
27530333	666	672	plaque	T033	C0332461
27530333	688	729	coronary computed tomographic angiography	T060	C2029895
27530333	841	851	quantified	T081	C1709793
27530333	870	886	automated method	T059	C0022885
27530333	888	893	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
27530333	898	906	measured	T080	C0444706
27530333	910	915	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27530333	917	939	Multivariable modeling	T062	C0870071
27530333	974	985	traditional	T169	C0443324
27530333	986	989	CAD	T047	C0010054
27530333	990	1002	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27530333	1007	1033	intrafamilial correlations	T080	C1707520
27530333	1035	1043	Mean age	T032	C0001779
27530333	1056	1061	years	T079	C1510829
27530333	1075	1081	female	T098	C0043210
27530333	1083	1089	Plaque	T033	C0332461
27530333	1094	1101	present	T033	C0150312
27530333	1110	1115	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
27530333	1134	1149	associated with	T080	C0332281
27530333	1188	1196	3-vessel	T047	C3272265
27530333	1204	1213	left main	T047	C1299433
27530333	1214	1225	involvement	T169	C1314939
27530333	1253	1261	stenosis	T047	C0242231
27530333	1280	1308	Best-fit regression analyses	T170	C0034980
27530333	1321	1329	subjects	T098	C0080105
27530333	1335	1340	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
27530333	1386	1394	3-vessel	T047	C3272265
27530333	1402	1419	left main disease	T047	C1299433
27530333	1425	1444	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27530333	1501	1509	stenosis	T047	C0242231
27530333	1520	1539	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27530333	1567	1575	subjects	T098	C0080105
27530333	1581	1587	plaque	T033	C0332461
27530333	1599	1619	multivariable models	T170	C3161035
27530333	1631	1636	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
27530333	1637	1642	level	T080	C0441889
27530333	1679	1694	associated with	T080	C0332281
27530333	1799	1807	affected	T169	C0392760
27530333	1837	1847	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27530333	1849	1853	high	T080	C0205250
27530333	1854	1859	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
27530333	1872	1887	associated with	T080	C0332281
27530333	1913	1919	extent	T082	C0439792
27530333	1925	1933	severity	T080	C0439793
27530333	1937	1947	apparently	T078	C0750541
27530333	1948	1955	healthy	T080	C3898900
27530333	1956	1959	AAs	T098	C0085756
27530333	1961	1965	High	T080	C0205250
27530333	1966	1972	levels	T080	C0441889
27530333	1976	1981	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
27530333	2019	2031	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27530333	2035	2038	CAD	T047	C0010054
27530333	2042	2045	AAs	T098	C0085756

27530547|t|Palliative care in mental health facilities from the perspective of nurses: a mixed-methods study
27530547|a|WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Nurses play an important role in monitoring and supporting patients and their relatives at the end of life. To date, there is a lack of recent empirical research on the experiences of psychiatric nurses in providing palliative care to psychiatric patients who suffer from life-threatening physical co-morbidity. The limited literature available indicates that palliative care for psychiatric patients needs to be improved. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: This explorative study is unique in offering an insight into current palliative care practice for psychiatric patients and showed that one in three nurses working in Dutch mental health facilities is involved in palliative care provision. Important elements of palliative care, i.e.: care domains, multidisciplinary approach, early recognition and family care are recognized by nurses. Moreover, in palliative care for psychiatric patients there is more attention for psychosocial and spiritual care compared to palliative care for patients without psychiatric disorders. Patient characteristics and little attention for palliative care within mental health facilities were found to hamper timely and adequate palliative care provision by nurses. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE?: Educating psychiatric nurses about palliative care and close collaboration between physical and mental health care are crucial to address the palliative care needs of this vulnerable patient group. Since mental health care is increasingly provided ambulatory, the development of palliative care for psychiatric patients outside mental health facilities should be closely monitored. Introduction Recent empirical research on palliative care for psychiatric patients is lacking. Aim The aim of this study was to explore nurses ' experiences with and identify barriers to providing palliative care to psychiatric patients in Dutch mental health facilities. Methods Mixed-methods; 137 nurses working in Dutch mental health facilities completed a survey. Nine participated in in-depth interviews. Results Thirty-six percent of nurses had experience with providing palliative care to psychiatric patients with physical co-morbidity in the past 2 years. Of all patients, 63% received physical care before death, 46% psychosocial care and 33% spiritual care. In 91% of all cases, care was provided by multidisciplinary teams. Patient characteristics and little attention to palliative care were barriers for timely and adequate palliative care. Discussion In palliative care for psychiatric patients, there is more attention for psychosocial and spiritual care compared to palliative care for patients without psychiatric disorders. Yet there are barriers to adequate palliative care provision. Implications for practice Educating psychiatric nurses about palliative care and close collaboration between physical and mental health care are crucial to address the palliative care needs of psychiatric patients. Since mental health care is increasingly provided ambulatory, palliative care for psychiatric patients outside mental health facilities should be closely monitored.
27530547	0	15	Palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	19	43	mental health facilities	T073,T093	C0020021
27530547	53	64	perspective	T078	C1254370
27530547	68	74	nurses	T097	C0028661
27530547	78	97	mixed-methods study	T062	C2603343
27530547	129	135	Nurses	T097	C0028661
27530547	144	153	important	T080	C3898777
27530547	162	172	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27530547	177	187	supporting	T077	C1521721
27530547	188	196	patients	T101	C0030705
27530547	207	216	relatives	T099	C0080103
27530547	224	235	end of life	T040	C0011065
27530547	257	261	lack	T080	C0332268
27530547	272	290	empirical research	T062	C0376367
27530547	298	309	experiences	T041	C0596545
27530547	313	331	psychiatric nurses	T097	C1964024
27530547	345	360	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	364	384	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	401	417	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27530547	418	426	physical	T169	C0205485
27530547	427	439	co-morbidity	T078	C0009488
27530547	453	463	literature	T170	C0023866
27530547	464	473	available	T169	C0470187
27530547	489	504	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	509	529	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	542	550	improved	T033	C0184511
27530547	602	619	explorative study	T062	C2603343
27530547	623	629	unique	T080	C1710548
27530547	658	665	current	T079	C0521116
27530547	666	681	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	682	690	practice	T057	C0033284
27530547	695	715	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	745	751	nurses	T097	C0028661
27530547	763	793	Dutch mental health facilities	T073,T093	C0020021
27530547	809	824	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	825	834	provision	T058	C1283218
27530547	836	845	Important	T080	C3898777
27530547	846	854	elements	T077	C1254372
27530547	858	873	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	881	885	care	T052	C1947933
27530547	886	893	domains	T169	C1880389
27530547	895	921	multidisciplinary approach	T061	C0870721
27530547	923	940	early recognition	T058	C1254363
27530547	945	951	family	T099	C0015576
27530547	952	956	care	T052	C1947933
27530547	961	971	recognized	T080	C0205396
27530547	975	981	nurses	T097	C0028661
27530547	996	1011	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	1016	1036	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	1051	1060	attention	T041	C0004268
27530547	1065	1077	psychosocial	T058	C3665378
27530547	1082	1096	spiritual care	T058	C0150355
27530547	1109	1124	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	1129	1137	patients	T101	C0030705
27530547	1146	1167	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
27530547	1169	1192	Patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27530547	1204	1213	attention	T041	C0004268
27530547	1218	1233	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	1241	1265	mental health facilities	T073,T093	C0020021
27530547	1280	1286	hamper	T169	C0205245
27530547	1287	1293	timely	T080	C3827828
27530547	1298	1306	adequate	T080	C0205411
27530547	1307	1322	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	1323	1332	provision	T058	C1283218
27530547	1336	1342	nurses	T097	C0028661
27530547	1398	1407	Educating	T065	C0039401
27530547	1408	1426	psychiatric nurses	T097	C1964024
27530547	1433	1448	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	1459	1472	collaboration	T058	C0597720
27530547	1481	1489	physical	T061	C0184627
27530547	1494	1512	mental health care	T061	C0184643
27530547	1540	1555	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	1556	1561	needs	T080	C0027552
27530547	1570	1580	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
27530547	1581	1588	patient	T101	C0030705
27530547	1589	1594	group	T078	C0441833
27530547	1602	1620	mental health care	T061	C0184643
27530547	1624	1636	increasingly	T169	C0442808
27530547	1646	1656	ambulatory	T169	C0439841
27530547	1662	1673	development	T169	C1527148
27530547	1677	1692	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	1697	1717	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	1726	1750	mental health facilities	T073,T093	C0020021
27530547	1761	1768	closely	T033	C3810854
27530547	1769	1778	monitored	T058	C1283169
27530547	1800	1818	empirical research	T062	C0376367
27530547	1822	1837	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	1842	1862	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	1866	1873	lacking	T080	C0332268
27530547	1895	1900	study	T062	C2603343
27530547	1916	1922	nurses	T097	C0028661
27530547	1925	1936	experiences	T041	C0596545
27530547	1946	1954	identify	T080	C0205396
27530547	1955	1963	barriers	T080	C0679881
27530547	1977	1992	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	1996	2016	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	2020	2050	Dutch mental health facilities	T073,T093	C0020021
27530547	2060	2073	Mixed-methods	T170	C0025663
27530547	2079	2085	nurses	T097	C0028661
27530547	2097	2127	Dutch mental health facilities	T073,T093	C0020021
27530547	2140	2146	survey	T170	C0038951
27530547	2153	2165	participated	T058	C0030699
27530547	2169	2188	in-depth interviews	T052	C0021822
27530547	2220	2226	nurses	T097	C0028661
27530547	2231	2241	experience	T041	C0596545
27530547	2257	2272	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	2276	2296	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	2302	2310	physical	T169	C0205485
27530547	2311	2323	co-morbidity	T078	C0009488
27530547	2338	2343	years	T079	C0439234
27530547	2352	2360	patients	T101	C0030705
27530547	2375	2388	physical care	T061	C0184627
27530547	2396	2401	death	T040	C0011065
27530547	2407	2424	psychosocial care	T058	C3665378
27530547	2433	2447	spiritual care	T058	C0150355
27530547	2470	2474	care	T052	C1947933
27530547	2491	2514	multidisciplinary teams	T097	C1319406
27530547	2516	2539	Patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27530547	2551	2560	attention	T041	C0004268
27530547	2564	2579	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	2585	2593	barriers	T080	C0679881
27530547	2598	2604	timely	T080	C3827828
27530547	2609	2617	adequate	T080	C0205411
27530547	2618	2633	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	2649	2664	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	2669	2689	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	2705	2714	attention	T041	C0004268
27530547	2719	2731	psychosocial	T058	C3665378
27530547	2736	2750	spiritual care	T058	C0150355
27530547	2763	2778	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	2783	2791	patients	T101	C0030705
27530547	2800	2821	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
27530547	2837	2845	barriers	T080	C0679881
27530547	2849	2857	adequate	T080	C0205411
27530547	2858	2873	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	2874	2883	provision	T058	C1283218
27530547	2902	2910	practice	T057	C0033284
27530547	2911	2920	Educating	T065	C0039401
27530547	2921	2939	psychiatric nurses	T097	C1964024
27530547	2946	2961	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	2972	2985	collaboration	T058	C0597720
27530547	2994	3002	physical	T061	C0184627
27530547	3007	3025	mental health care	T061	C0184643
27530547	3053	3068	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	3078	3098	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	3106	3124	mental health care	T061	C0184643
27530547	3128	3140	increasingly	T169	C0442808
27530547	3150	3160	ambulatory	T169	C0439841
27530547	3162	3177	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27530547	3182	3202	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27530547	3211	3235	mental health facilities	T073,T093	C0020021
27530547	3246	3253	closely	T033	C3810854
27530547	3254	3263	monitored	T058	C1283169

27531288|t|Untoward events associated with aberrant fluid infusion during cataract surgery: Laboratory study with corroborative clinical observations
27531288|a|To determine the relationship between untoward events noted during phacoemulsification surgery associated with aberrant infusion misdirection and their causal relationship to current infusion sleeve design. The New York Eye & Ear Infirmary of Mt. Sinai, New York, New York, USA. Retrospective case reports and experimental study. Observations of live cataract surgery were documented with high-definition videography using 3 commercial phacoemulsification platforms. Laboratory studies using a Photron MC2 high-speed camera and the Kitaro cataract surgical system were used to simulate surgical maneuvers and assess flow patterns and visualize the dynamics of fluid movement in the anterior chamber. Color-flow Doppler ultrasound studies were used to demonstrate the effect of infusion fluid on the iris during surgery. Misdirected infusion and floppy-iris leaflets were determined to be secondary to a fulcrum effect at the corneal wound that constrained movement of the standard silicone sleeves. The phacoemulsification needles could therefore decenter independently of the infusion sleeve, attenuating infusion volume down 1 side of the sleeve and, as a result, obstructing fluid exiting the ipsilateral port. Untoward events associated with aberrant fluid infusion during phacoemulsification surgery were secondary to a fulcrum effect at the corneal wound. Complications included misdirected infusion that facilitated the transport of retained nuclear fragments to the vitreous, inconsistent lens followability during phacoemulsification, and exaggerated movements of the iris particularly consistent with intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome and pseudoexfoliation. None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
27531288	0	15	Untoward events	T051	C0441471
27531288	16	31	associated with	T080	C0332281
27531288	32	40	aberrant	T080	C0443127
27531288	41	46	fluid	T167	C1704353
27531288	47	55	infusion	T061	C0574032
27531288	63	79	cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
27531288	81	97	Laboratory study	T059	C0681827
27531288	103	138	corroborative clinical observations	T058	C3889687
27531288	156	168	relationship	T080	C0439849
27531288	177	192	untoward events	T051	C0441471
27531288	206	233	phacoemulsification surgery	T061	C0282545
27531288	234	249	associated with	T080	C0332281
27531288	250	258	aberrant	T080	C0443127
27531288	259	267	infusion	T061	C0574032
27531288	268	280	misdirection	T169	C0205245
27531288	298	310	relationship	T080	C0439849
27531288	322	330	infusion	T061	C0574032
27531288	331	337	sleeve	T074	C0183336
27531288	338	344	design	T052	C1707689
27531288	350	391	New York Eye & Ear Infirmary of Mt. Sinai	T073,T093	C0019994
27531288	393	401	New York	T083	C0027977
27531288	403	411	New York	T083	C0027977
27531288	413	416	USA	T083	C0041703
27531288	418	431	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
27531288	432	444	case reports	T170	C0007320
27531288	449	467	experimental study	T062	C0681814
27531288	469	481	Observations	T062	C0302523
27531288	485	489	live	T078	C1254370
27531288	490	506	cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
27531288	512	522	documented	T058	C1301725
27531288	528	555	high-definition videography	T170	C0282574
27531288	564	574	commercial	T170	C0680536
27531288	575	594	phacoemulsification	T061	C0282545
27531288	595	604	platforms	T075	C1710360
27531288	606	624	Laboratory studies	T059	C0681827
27531288	633	662	Photron MC2 high-speed camera	T074	C0179533
27531288	671	702	Kitaro cataract surgical system	T074	C0025080
27531288	716	724	simulate	T169	C0205245
27531288	725	743	surgical maneuvers	T060	C0430022
27531288	748	754	assess	T058	C0184514
27531288	755	768	flow patterns	T033	C0243095
27531288	773	782	visualize	T077	C1254372
27531288	787	813	dynamics of fluid movement	T070	C2936194
27531288	821	837	anterior chamber	T023	C0003151
27531288	839	876	Color-flow Doppler ultrasound studies	T060	C0162481
27531288	906	915	effect of	T080	C1704420
27531288	916	924	infusion	T061	C0574032
27531288	925	930	fluid	T167	C1704353
27531288	938	942	iris	T023	C0022077
27531288	950	957	surgery	T061	C2939459
27531288	959	970	Misdirected	T169	C0205245
27531288	971	979	infusion	T061	C0574032
27531288	984	1004	floppy-iris leaflets	T023	C0022077
27531288	1027	1039	secondary to	T080	C0175668
27531288	1042	1056	fulcrum effect	T080	C0205556
27531288	1064	1071	corneal	T023	C0010031
27531288	1072	1077	wound	T037	C0043250
27531288	1083	1094	constrained	T077	C1707494
27531288	1095	1103	movement	T169	C0205245
27531288	1111	1119	standard	T080	C1442989
27531288	1120	1136	silicone sleeves	T074	C0183336
27531288	1142	1161	phacoemulsification	T061	C0282545
27531288	1162	1169	needles	T074	C0027551
27531288	1216	1224	infusion	T061	C0574032
27531288	1225	1231	sleeve	T074	C0183336
27531288	1233	1244	attenuating	T052	C0599946
27531288	1245	1253	infusion	T061	C0574032
27531288	1254	1260	volume	T081	C0449468
27531288	1261	1265	down	T033	C0085639
27531288	1266	1272	1 side	T082	C1254362
27531288	1280	1286	sleeve	T074	C0183336
27531288	1305	1316	obstructing	T169	C0205245
27531288	1317	1322	fluid	T167	C1704353
27531288	1323	1330	exiting	T082	C0337094
27531288	1335	1346	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27531288	1347	1351	port	T074	C0725247
27531288	1353	1368	Untoward events	T051	C0441471
27531288	1369	1384	associated with	T080	C0332281
27531288	1385	1393	aberrant	T080	C0443127
27531288	1394	1399	fluid	T167	C1704353
27531288	1400	1408	infusion	T061	C0574032
27531288	1416	1443	phacoemulsification surgery	T061	C0282545
27531288	1449	1461	secondary to	T080	C0175668
27531288	1464	1478	fulcrum effect	T080	C0205556
27531288	1486	1493	corneal	T023	C0010031
27531288	1494	1499	wound	T037	C0043250
27531288	1501	1514	Complications	T046	C0009566
27531288	1524	1535	misdirected	T169	C0205245
27531288	1536	1544	infusion	T061	C0574032
27531288	1566	1575	transport	T052	C0206243
27531288	1579	1587	retained	T169	C0333118
27531288	1588	1605	nuclear fragments	T033	C2112806
27531288	1613	1621	vitreous	T033	C0423292
27531288	1623	1635	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27531288	1636	1640	lens	T023	C0023317
27531288	1662	1681	phacoemulsification	T061	C0282545
27531288	1687	1698	exaggerated	T080	C0442801
27531288	1699	1708	movements	T169	C0205245
27531288	1716	1720	iris	T023	C0022077
27531288	1734	1749	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27531288	1750	1785	intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome	T047	C1688637
27531288	1790	1807	pseudoexfoliation	T046	C4022815
27531288	1821	1828	authors	T097	C3812881
27531288	1835	1868	financial or proprietary interest	T041	C0543488
27531288	1876	1884	material	T167	C0520510
27531288	1888	1894	method	T170	C0025663

27532007|t|How Integrated Management Strategies Promote Protein Quality of Cotton Embryos: High Levels of Soil Available N, N Assimilation and Protein Accumulation Rate
27532007|a|Cottonseed is widely used as a source of ruminant feed and for industrial purposes. Therefore, there is a tremendous need to improve the nutritional value of cotton embryos. In this study, a conventional management (CM) and two integrated cotton management strategies (IMS1, IMS2) were performed at two soil fertility levels to study the relationships among soil N, N assimilation, embryonic protein accumulation and protein quality. The levels of proteins, essential amino acids, and semi-essential amino acids, especially those of glutamate, lysine, and methionine, were higher in IMS1 and IMS2 embryos than in CM embryos. These changes were significantly positively correlated with the soil - available N content, glutamine synthetase activity and peak value of protein accumulation rate and were negatively correlated with the free amino acid level. These results illustrated that integrated management strategies, especially the rates and timing of N application, raise the level of soil available N, which is beneficial for N assimilation in developing cotton embryos. The protein content was limited by the rate of protein accumulation rather than by the free amino acid content. The combination of target yield fertilization, a growth -driven N application schedule, a high plant density and the seedling raising with bio-organic fertilizer can substantially improve protein quality in cotton embryos, especially at a soil with low soil organic matter and total nitrogen.
27532007	4	36	Integrated Management Strategies	T059	C0022885
27532007	37	44	Promote	T052	C0033414
27532007	45	52	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27532007	53	60	Quality	T080	C0332306
27532007	64	78	Cotton Embryos	T002	C0010197
27532007	80	84	High	T080	C0205250
27532007	85	91	Levels	T080	C0441889
27532007	95	99	Soil	T167	C0037592
27532007	100	109	Available	T169	C0470187
27532007	110	111	N	T123,T196	C0028158
27532007	113	114	N	T123,T196	C0028158
27532007	115	127	Assimilation	T070	C1254365
27532007	132	139	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27532007	140	152	Accumulation	T033	C4055506
27532007	153	157	Rate	T081	C1521828
27532007	158	168	Cottonseed	T002	C0010197
27532007	189	195	source	T033	C0449416
27532007	199	207	ruminant	T015	C0035950
27532007	208	212	feed	T168	C0003050
27532007	221	231	industrial	T057	C0021267
27532007	232	240	purposes	T169	C1285529
27532007	283	290	improve	T033	C0184511
27532007	295	312	nutritional value	T080	C0028722
27532007	316	330	cotton embryos	T002	C0010197
27532007	340	345	study	T062	C2603343
27532007	349	372	conventional management	T059	C0022885
27532007	374	376	CM	T059	C0022885
27532007	397	403	cotton	T002	C0010197
27532007	404	425	management strategies	T059	C0022885
27532007	427	431	IMS1	T059	C0022885
27532007	433	437	IMS2	T059	C0022885
27532007	444	453	performed	T169	C0884358
27532007	461	465	soil	T167	C0037592
27532007	466	475	fertility	T033	C0243095
27532007	476	482	levels	T080	C0441889
27532007	486	491	study	T062	C2603343
27532007	496	509	relationships	T080	C0439849
27532007	516	520	soil	T167	C0037592
27532007	521	522	N	T123,T196	C0028158
27532007	524	525	N	T123,T196	C0028158
27532007	526	538	assimilation	T070	C1254365
27532007	540	549	embryonic	T002	C0036563
27532007	550	557	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27532007	558	570	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27532007	575	582	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27532007	583	590	quality	T080	C0332306
27532007	596	614	levels of proteins	T059	C0202202
27532007	616	637	essential amino acids	T059	C0201874
27532007	643	669	semi-essential amino acids	T059	C0201874
27532007	691	700	glutamate	T059	C0523665
27532007	702	708	lysine	T059	C0523760
27532007	714	724	methionine	T059	C0428210
27532007	731	737	higher	T080	C0205250
27532007	741	745	IMS1	T059	C0022885
27532007	750	754	IMS2	T059	C0022885
27532007	755	762	embryos	T002	C0036563
27532007	771	773	CM	T059	C0022885
27532007	774	781	embryos	T002	C0036563
27532007	789	796	changes	T169	C0392747
27532007	816	826	positively	T033	C1446409
27532007	827	837	correlated	T080	C1707520
27532007	847	851	soil	T167	C0037592
27532007	854	863	available	T169	C0470187
27532007	864	873	N content	T059	C0523793
27532007	875	904	glutamine synthetase activity	T044	C1150667
27532007	909	913	peak	T080	C0444505
27532007	923	930	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27532007	931	943	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27532007	944	948	rate	T081	C1521828
27532007	958	968	negatively	T033	C1513916
27532007	969	979	correlated	T080	C1707520
27532007	989	993	free	T080	C1996904
27532007	994	1010	amino acid level	T059	C1328436
27532007	1018	1025	results	T033	C0683954
27532007	1043	1075	integrated management strategies	T059	C0022885
27532007	1092	1097	rates	T081	C1521828
27532007	1102	1108	timing	T079	C0449243
27532007	1112	1113	N	T123,T196	C0028158
27532007	1114	1125	application	T169	C4048755
27532007	1127	1132	raise	T169	C0442805
27532007	1137	1142	level	T080	C0441889
27532007	1146	1150	soil	T167	C0037592
27532007	1151	1160	available	T169	C0470187
27532007	1161	1162	N	T123,T196	C0028158
27532007	1188	1189	N	T123,T196	C0028158
27532007	1190	1202	assimilation	T070	C1254365
27532007	1217	1231	cotton embryos	T002	C0010197
27532007	1237	1252	protein content	T059	C0202202
27532007	1257	1264	limited	T169	C0439801
27532007	1272	1276	rate	T081	C1521828
27532007	1280	1287	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27532007	1288	1300	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27532007	1320	1324	free	T080	C1996904
27532007	1325	1343	amino acid content	T059	C0201874
27532007	1349	1360	combination	T080	C0205195
27532007	1364	1376	target yield	T081	C0392762
27532007	1377	1390	fertilization	T070	C1254365
27532007	1394	1400	growth	T040	C0597252
27532007	1409	1410	N	T123,T196	C0028158
27532007	1411	1422	application	T169	C4048755
27532007	1435	1439	high	T080	C0205250
27532007	1440	1445	plant	T002	C0032098
27532007	1446	1453	density	T081	C0178587
27532007	1462	1470	seedling	T002	C0242437
27532007	1484	1506	bio-organic fertilizer	T167	C1289928
27532007	1525	1532	improve	T033	C0184511
27532007	1533	1540	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27532007	1541	1548	quality	T080	C0332306
27532007	1552	1566	cotton embryos	T002	C0010197
27532007	1584	1588	soil	T167	C0037592
27532007	1598	1602	soil	T167	C0037592
27532007	1603	1617	organic matter	T109	C0029224
27532007	1622	1627	total	T080	C0439810
27532007	1628	1636	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158

27532629|t|Absorption Characteristics of Vertebrate Non - Visual Opsin, Opn3
27532629|a|Most animals possess multiple opsins which sense light for visual and non - visual functions. Here, we show spectral characteristics of non - visual opsins, vertebrate Opn3s, which are widely distributed among vertebrates. We successfully expressed zebrafish Opn3 in mammalian cultured cells and measured its absorption spectrum spectroscopically. When incubated with 11-cis retinal, zebrafish Opn3 formed a blue-sensitive photopigment with an absorption maximum around 465 nm. The Opn3 converts to an all-trans retinal-bearing photoproduct with an absorption spectrum similar to the dark state following brief blue-light irradiation. The photoproduct experienced a remarkable blue-shift, with changes in position of the isosbestic point, during further irradiation. We then used a cAMP - dependent luciferase reporter assay to investigate light - dependent cAMP responses in cultured cells expressing zebrafish, pufferfish, anole and chicken Opn3. The wild type opsins did not produce responses, but cells expressing chimera mutants (WT Opn3s in which the third intracellular loops were replaced with the third intracellular loop of a Gs-coupled jellyfish opsin) displayed light - dependent changes in cAMP. The results suggest that Opn3 is capable of activating G protein(s) in a light - dependent manner. Finally, we used this assay to measure the relative wavelength - dependent response of cells expressing Opn3 chimeras to multiple quantally - matched stimuli. The inferred spectral sensitivity curve of zebrafish Opn3 accurately matched the measured absorption spectrum. We were unable to estimate the spectral sensitivity curve of mouse or anole Opn3, but, like zebrafish Opn3, the chicken and pufferfish Opn3-JiL3 chimeras also formed blue-sensitive pigments. These findings suggest that vertebrate Opn3s may form blue-sensitive G protein-coupled pigments. Further, we suggest that the method described here, combining a cAMP - dependent luciferase reporter assay with chimeric opsins possessing the third intracellular loop of jellyfish opsin, is a versatile approach for estimating absorption spectra of opsins with unknown signaling cascades or for which absorption spectra are difficult to obtain.
27532629	0	26	Absorption Characteristics	T169	C0220777
27532629	30	40	Vertebrate	T010	C0042567
27532629	41	44	Non	T169	C1518422
27532629	47	53	Visual	T169	C0234621
27532629	54	65	Opsin, Opn3	T116	C0967413
27532629	71	78	animals	T008	C0003062
27532629	79	86	possess	T078	C3154893
27532629	87	95	multiple	T081	C0439064
27532629	96	102	opsins	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	109	114	sense	T040	C0042789
27532629	115	120	light	T070	C0023693
27532629	125	131	visual	T169	C0234621
27532629	136	139	non	T169	C1518422
27532629	142	158	visual functions	T040	C0042789
27532629	174	182	spectral	T081	C1883073
27532629	183	198	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27532629	202	205	non	T169	C1518422
27532629	208	214	visual	T169	C0234621
27532629	215	221	opsins	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	223	233	vertebrate	T010	C0042567
27532629	234	239	Opn3s	T116	C0967413
27532629	258	269	distributed	T169	C1704711
27532629	276	287	vertebrates	T010	C0042567
27532629	292	304	successfully	T080	C1272703
27532629	305	314	expressed	T045	C1171362
27532629	315	324	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27532629	325	329	Opn3	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	333	342	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27532629	343	357	cultured cells	T025	C0007635
27532629	362	370	measured	T080	C0444706
27532629	375	412	absorption spectrum spectroscopically	T059	C0037812
27532629	419	428	incubated	T059	C1439852
27532629	434	448	11-cis retinal	T109,T123	C0085717
27532629	450	459	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27532629	460	464	Opn3	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	474	501	blue-sensitive photopigment	T109,T123	C0035323
27532629	510	520	absorption	T043	C0234682
27532629	521	528	maximum	T081	C0806909
27532629	548	552	Opn3	T116	C0967413
27532629	553	561	converts	T169	C0439836
27532629	568	593	all-trans retinal-bearing	T109,T121,T127	C0035331
27532629	594	606	photoproduct	T167	C1550506
27532629	615	634	absorption spectrum	T059	C0037812
27532629	635	642	similar	T080	C2348205
27532629	650	660	dark state	T042	C0010985
27532629	671	676	brief	T079	C1879313
27532629	677	687	blue-light	T070	C0303896
27532629	688	699	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27532629	705	717	photoproduct	T167	C1550506
27532629	743	753	blue-shift	T081	C0449819
27532629	768	779	in position	T082	C1550045
27532629	787	803	isosbestic point	T081	C0449819
27532629	820	831	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27532629	848	852	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27532629	855	864	dependent	T169	C3244310
27532629	865	875	luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C0024075
27532629	876	884	reporter	T130	C1522485
27532629	885	890	assay	T059	C1510438
27532629	894	905	investigate	T169	C1292732
27532629	906	911	light	T070	C0023693
27532629	914	923	dependent	T169	C3244310
27532629	924	928	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27532629	929	938	responses	T043	C1657589
27532629	942	956	cultured cells	T025	C0007635
27532629	957	967	expressing	T045	C1171362
27532629	968	977	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27532629	979	989	pufferfish	T013	C0936076
27532629	991	996	anole	T014	C0327220
27532629	1001	1008	chicken	T012	C0008051
27532629	1009	1013	Opn3	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	1019	1028	wild type	T028	C1883559
27532629	1029	1035	opsins	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	1052	1061	responses	T043	C1657589
27532629	1067	1072	cells	T025	C0007634
27532629	1073	1083	expressing	T045	C1171362
27532629	1084	1091	chimera	T001	C0008109
27532629	1092	1099	mutants	T116	C1564139
27532629	1101	1109	WT Opn3s	T116	C0967413
27532629	1123	1142	third intracellular	T082	C0178719
27532629	1143	1148	loops	T087	C0002518
27532629	1154	1162	replaced	T169	C0559956
27532629	1172	1191	third intracellular	T082	C0178719
27532629	1192	1196	loop	T087	C0002518
27532629	1202	1212	Gs-coupled	T116,T192	C0289372
27532629	1213	1222	jellyfish	T204	C0022381
27532629	1223	1228	opsin	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	1230	1239	displayed	T169	C0870432
27532629	1240	1245	light	T070	C0023693
27532629	1248	1257	dependent	T169	C3244310
27532629	1258	1265	changes	T081	C0443172
27532629	1269	1273	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27532629	1300	1304	Opn3	T116	C0967413
27532629	1319	1329	activating	T045	C0599177
27532629	1330	1342	G protein(s)	T116,T126	C0086376
27532629	1348	1353	light	T070	C0023693
27532629	1356	1365	dependent	T169	C3244310
27532629	1396	1401	assay	T059	C1510438
27532629	1405	1412	measure	T081	C0079809
27532629	1417	1425	relative	T080	C0205345
27532629	1426	1436	wavelength	T081	C0449819
27532629	1439	1448	dependent	T169	C3244310
27532629	1449	1457	response	T032	C0871261
27532629	1461	1466	cells	T025	C0007634
27532629	1467	1477	expressing	T045	C1171362
27532629	1478	1482	Opn3	T116	C0967413
27532629	1483	1491	chimeras	T001	C0008109
27532629	1495	1503	multiple	T081	C0439064
27532629	1504	1513	quantally	T170	C0034385
27532629	1516	1523	matched	T080	C1708943
27532629	1524	1531	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27532629	1537	1545	inferred	T078	C3245504
27532629	1546	1566	spectral sensitivity	T041	C0871405
27532629	1567	1572	curve	T082	C0205134
27532629	1576	1585	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27532629	1586	1590	Opn3	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	1591	1601	accurately	T080	C0443131
27532629	1602	1609	matched	T080	C1708943
27532629	1614	1622	measured	T080	C0444706
27532629	1623	1642	absorption spectrum	T059	C0037812
27532629	1675	1695	spectral sensitivity	T041	C0871405
27532629	1696	1701	curve	T082	C0205134
27532629	1705	1710	mouse	T015	C0026809
27532629	1714	1719	anole	T014	C0327220
27532629	1720	1724	Opn3	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	1736	1745	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27532629	1746	1750	Opn3	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	1756	1763	chicken	T012	C0008051
27532629	1768	1778	pufferfish	T013	C0936076
27532629	1779	1788	Opn3-JiL3	T116	C1564139
27532629	1789	1797	chimeras	T001	C0008109
27532629	1810	1833	blue-sensitive pigments	T116	C0381986
27532629	1863	1873	vertebrate	T010	C0042567
27532629	1874	1879	Opn3s	T116	C0967413
27532629	1889	1930	blue-sensitive G protein-coupled pigments	T116,T192	C0289372
27532629	1996	2000	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27532629	2003	2012	dependent	T169	C3244310
27532629	2013	2023	luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C0024075
27532629	2024	2032	reporter	T130	C1522485
27532629	2033	2038	assay	T059	C1510438
27532629	2044	2052	chimeric	T001	C0008109
27532629	2053	2059	opsins	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	2075	2094	third intracellular	T082	C0178719
27532629	2095	2099	loop	T087	C0002518
27532629	2103	2112	jellyfish	T204	C0022381
27532629	2113	2118	opsin	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	2148	2158	estimating	T081	C0750572
27532629	2159	2177	absorption spectra	T059	C0037812
27532629	2181	2187	opsins	T116,T123	C2355587
27532629	2201	2219	signaling cascades	T043	C2611812
27532629	2233	2251	absorption spectra	T059	C0037812
27532629	2256	2265	difficult	T080	C0332218

27532798|t|Effectiveness of offloading methods in preventing primary diabetic foot ulcers in adults with diabetes: a systematic review
27532798|a|The incidence of foot ulceration related to diabetes is increasing. Many foot care professionals recommend offloading measures as part of management strategies for modulating excess pressure to prevent development of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). These measures may include padding, insoles / orthotic devices and footwear. There is a lack of evidence -based guidance on the effectiveness of the different offloading options for preventing primary ulceration in those with diabetes. To identify, critically appraise and synthesize the best available evidence on methods of offloading to prevent the development, and reduce the risk, of primary foot ulceration in adults with diabetes .The question addressed by the review was: what is the effectiveness of methods of offloading in preventing primary DFUs in adults with diabetes? Adults 18 years and older with diabetes mellitus, regardless of age, gender, ethnicity, duration or type of diabetes, with no history of DFUs and in any clinical setting will be included. Interventions will include all external methods of offloading. All comparators will be considered. Studies that utilize interventions not considered usual practice in the prevention of DFUs will be excluded. The primary outcome will be primary foot ulceration. The secondary outcome will be indications of changes in plantar pressure. This review will consider all quantitative study designs. A three-step strategy for published and unpublished literature will be used. Fourteen databases will be searched for studies in English up to November 2013. The JBI-MAStARI extraction tool was used to extract relevant data. Results were summarized using narrative and tables. Three studies which examined the effectiveness of four different offloading interventions met the inclusion criteria. There is limited evidence that use of a footwear system (prototype shoe plus polyurethane or cork insole) may prevent a break in the skin; use of customized rigid orthotic devices may contribute to a reduction in the grade and number of calluses; and a manufactured shoe plus customized insole may reduce plantar pressure and therefore reduce the potential risk of skin ulceration. There is limited and low-quality evidence that in a population of adults with diabetes with no history of DFU, the use of footwear with customized or prefabricated orthotic devices may provide some reduction in plantar pressure and therefore help to prevent a primary DFU. There is a lack of evidence on the relative effectiveness of different offloading options.
27532798	0	13	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27532798	17	27	offloading	T061	C2922211
27532798	28	35	methods	T061	C0087111
27532798	39	49	preventing	T061	C0679698
27532798	50	57	primary	T080	C0205225
27532798	58	78	diabetic foot ulcers	T047	C1456868
27532798	82	88	adults	T100	C0001675
27532798	94	102	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27532798	106	123	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27532798	128	137	incidence	T081	C0021149
27532798	141	156	foot ulceration	T047	C0085119
27532798	168	176	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27532798	180	190	increasing	T169	C0442808
27532798	197	206	foot care	T061	C0150240
27532798	207	220	professionals	T097	C0679924
27532798	231	241	offloading	T061	C2922211
27532798	262	283	management strategies	T058	C1254363
27532798	299	305	excess	T080	C1979886
27532798	306	314	pressure	T081	C4284008
27532798	318	325	prevent	T061	C0679698
27532798	341	361	diabetic foot ulcers	T047	C1456868
27532798	363	367	DFUs	T047	C1456868
27532798	376	384	measures	T081	C0079809
27532798	397	404	padding	T061	C0455069
27532798	406	413	insoles	T074	C0493044
27532798	416	432	orthotic devices	T074	C0029365
27532798	437	445	footwear	T073	C0336894
27532798	466	474	evidence	T078	C3887511
27532798	498	511	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27532798	529	539	offloading	T061	C2922211
27532798	552	562	preventing	T061	C0679698
27532798	563	570	primary	T080	C0205225
27532798	571	581	ulceration	T047	C0085119
27532798	596	604	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27532798	673	681	evidence	T078	C3887511
27532798	685	692	methods	T061	C0087111
27532798	696	706	offloading	T061	C2922211
27532798	710	717	prevent	T061	C0679698
27532798	722	733	development	T169	C1527148
27532798	739	745	reduce	T080	C0392756
27532798	750	754	risk	T078	C0035647
27532798	759	766	primary	T080	C0205225
27532798	767	782	foot ulceration	T047	C0085119
27532798	786	792	adults	T100	C0001675
27532798	798	806	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27532798	812	820	question	T078	C0681799
27532798	821	830	addressed	T170	C0376649
27532798	838	844	review	T170	C0282443
27532798	862	875	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27532798	879	886	methods	T061	C0087111
27532798	890	900	offloading	T061	C2922211
27532798	904	914	preventing	T061	C0679698
27532798	915	922	primary	T080	C0205225
27532798	923	927	DFUs	T047	C1456868
27532798	931	937	adults	T100	C0001675
27532798	943	951	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27532798	953	959	Adults	T100	C0001675
27532798	963	968	years	T079	C0439234
27532798	984	1001	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27532798	1017	1020	age	T032	C0001779
27532798	1022	1028	gender	T032	C0079399
27532798	1030	1039	ethnicity	T080	C0243103
27532798	1041	1049	duration	T079	C0449238
27532798	1053	1057	type	T080	C0332307
27532798	1061	1069	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27532798	1079	1086	history	T033	C1287400
27532798	1090	1094	DFUs	T047	C1456868
27532798	1106	1122	clinical setting	T082	C3176918
27532798	1141	1154	Interventions	T061	C0184661
27532798	1181	1188	methods	T061	C0087111
27532798	1192	1202	offloading	T061	C2922211
27532798	1240	1247	Studies	T062	C2603343
27532798	1261	1274	interventions	T061	C0184661
27532798	1290	1295	usual	T080	C3538928
27532798	1296	1304	practice	T061	C0087111
27532798	1312	1322	prevention	T061	C0679698
27532798	1326	1330	DFUs	T047	C1456868
27532798	1339	1347	excluded	T078	C1554077
27532798	1353	1360	primary	T080	C0205225
27532798	1361	1368	outcome	T169	C1274040
27532798	1377	1384	primary	T080	C0205225
27532798	1385	1400	foot ulceration	T047	C0085119
27532798	1406	1415	secondary	T081	C0205436
27532798	1416	1423	outcome	T169	C1274040
27532798	1458	1465	plantar	T029	C0230463
27532798	1466	1474	pressure	T081	C4284008
27532798	1481	1487	review	T170	C0282443
27532798	1506	1518	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27532798	1519	1532	study designs	T062	C0035171
27532798	1586	1596	literature	T170	C0023866
27532798	1620	1629	databases	T170	C0242356
27532798	1651	1658	studies	T062	C2603343
27532798	1662	1669	English	T171	C0376245
27532798	1695	1722	JBI-MAStARI extraction tool	T170	C0037589
27532798	1752	1756	data	T078	C1511726
27532798	1758	1765	Results	T169	C1274040
27532798	1771	1781	summarized	T170	C1553398
27532798	1788	1797	narrative	UnknownType	C0815257
27532798	1802	1808	tables	T170	C1706074
27532798	1816	1823	studies	T062	C2603343
27532798	1843	1856	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27532798	1875	1885	offloading	T061	C2922211
27532798	1886	1899	interventions	T061	C0184661
27532798	1908	1926	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27532798	1945	1953	evidence	T078	C3887511
27532798	1968	1976	footwear	T073	C0336894
27532798	1985	2017	prototype shoe plus polyurethane	T073	C0036988
27532798	2021	2032	cork insole	T073	C3873740
27532798	2038	2045	prevent	T061	C0679698
27532798	2061	2065	skin	T022	C1123023
27532798	2091	2107	orthotic devices	T074	C0029365
27532798	2128	2137	reduction	T080	C0392756
27532798	2145	2150	grade	T080	C0205082
27532798	2155	2161	number	T081	C0237753
27532798	2165	2173	calluses	T020	C0457978
27532798	2194	2203	shoe plus	T073	C0036988
27532798	2215	2221	insole	T073	C3873740
27532798	2233	2240	plantar	T029	C0230463
27532798	2241	2249	pressure	T081	C4284008
27532798	2285	2289	risk	T078	C0035647
27532798	2293	2308	skin ulceration	T047	C0085119
27532798	2343	2351	evidence	T078	C3887511
27532798	2362	2372	population	T098	C1257890
27532798	2376	2382	adults	T100	C0001675
27532798	2388	2396	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27532798	2405	2412	history	T033	C1287400
27532798	2416	2419	DFU	T047	C1456868
27532798	2432	2440	footwear	T073	C0336894
27532798	2474	2490	orthotic devices	T074	C0029365
27532798	2521	2528	plantar	T029	C0230463
27532798	2529	2537	pressure	T081	C4284008
27532798	2560	2567	prevent	T061	C0679698
27532798	2570	2577	primary	T080	C0205225
27532798	2578	2581	DFU	T047	C1456868
27532798	2602	2610	evidence	T078	C3887511
27532798	2627	2640	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27532798	2654	2664	offloading	T061	C2922211

27532819|t|Self-Cloning CRISPR CRISPR/Cas9 - gene editing has emerged as a revolutionary technology to easily modify specific genomic loci by designing complementary sgRNA sequences and introducing these into cells along with Cas9. Self-cloning CRISPR/Cas9 (scCRISPR) uses a self-cleaving palindromic sgRNA plasmid (sgPal) that recombines with short PCR - amplified site-specific sgRNA sequences within the target cell by homologous recombination to circumvent the process of sgRNA plasmid construction. Through this mechanism, scCRISPR enables gene editing within 2 hr once sgRNA oligos are available, with high efficiency equivalent to conventional sgRNA targeting: >90% gene knockout in both mouse and human embryonic stem cells and cancer cell lines. Furthermore, using PCR-based addition of short homology arms, we achieve efficient site-specific knock-in of transgenes such as GFP without traditional plasmid cloning or genome-integrated selection cassette (2% to 4% knock-in rate). The methods in this paper describe the most rapid and efficient means of CRISPR gene editing. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
27532819|a|Journal Article 2016-08-18 00:00:00
27532819	20	31	CRISPR/Cas9	T044	C3658355
27532819	34	46	gene editing	T063	C4277689
27532819	64	88	revolutionary technology	T090	C0039421
27532819	99	105	modify	T169	C0392747
27532819	106	114	specific	T080	C0205369
27532819	115	127	genomic loci	T028	C0678933
27532819	131	140	designing	T052	C1707689
27532819	141	154	complementary	T114	C0056208
27532819	155	170	sgRNA sequences	T114,T123	C0082774
27532819	198	203	cells	T025	C0007634
27532819	215	219	Cas9	T028	C0017337
27532819	221	245	Self-cloning CRISPR/Cas9	T028	C3661477
27532819	247	255	scCRISPR	T028	C3661477
27532819	264	289	self-cleaving palindromic	T114,T123	C2350254
27532819	290	303	sgRNA plasmid	T114,T123	C0082774
27532819	305	310	sgPal	T114,T123	C0082774
27532819	317	327	recombines	T052	C0441655
27532819	339	342	PCR	T063	C0032520
27532819	345	354	amplified	T045	C0017256
27532819	355	384	site-specific sgRNA sequences	T086	C0314659
27532819	396	402	target	T169	C1521840
27532819	403	407	cell	T025	C0007634
27532819	411	435	homologous recombination	T045	C0599773
27532819	454	461	process	T067	C1522240
27532819	465	478	sgRNA plasmid	T114,T123	C0082774
27532819	479	491	construction	T169	C0205245
27532819	506	515	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27532819	517	525	scCRISPR	T028	C3661477
27532819	534	546	gene editing	T063	C4277689
27532819	534	546	gene editing	T063	C4277689
27532819	564	569	sgRNA	T114,T123	C0082774
27532819	570	576	oligos	T114	C0028953
27532819	581	590	available	T169	C0470187
27532819	597	612	high efficiency	T081	C0013682
27532819	613	623	equivalent	T080	C0205163
27532819	627	639	conventional	T080	C0439858
27532819	640	645	sgRNA	T114,T123	C0082774
27532819	646	655	targeting	T169	C1521840
27532819	662	666	gene	T028	C0017337
27532819	667	675	knockout	T050	C1522225
27532819	684	689	mouse	T025	C4042879
27532819	694	720	human embryonic stem cells	T025	C1171346
27532819	725	742	cancer cell lines	T025	C0085983
27532819	763	772	PCR-based	T063	C0032520
27532819	791	804	homology arms	T028	C1334043
27532819	817	826	efficient	T080	C0442799
27532819	827	849	site-specific knock-in	T062	C1517676
27532819	853	863	transgenes	T028	C0282641
27532819	872	875	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27532819	884	895	traditional	T169	C0443324
27532819	896	903	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27532819	904	911	cloning	T059,T063	C0598888
27532819	915	951	genome-integrated selection cassette	T028	C0017337
27532819	962	970	knock-in	T062	C1517676
27532819	971	975	rate	T081	C1521828
27532819	982	989	methods	T170	C0025663
27532819	1022	1027	rapid	T080	C0456962
27532819	1032	1041	efficient	T080	C0442799
27532819	1042	1047	means	T077	C1704970
27532819	1051	1057	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
27532819	1058	1070	gene editing	T063	C4277689

27533056|t|Contemporary use of ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndrome: insights from Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART)
27533056|a|The platelet inhibitor ticagrelor is strongly recommended during 12 months post - acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in European guidelines. We analysed clinical characteristics of patients given ticagrelor for ACS in the real world. We studied the use of ticagrelor in patients admitted for ACS in Sweden between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2013 who were enrolled in the Swedish Web system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART). Clinical characteristics were investigated for patients prescribed ticagrelor at discharge as well as for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention who were prescribed ticagrelor. Independent factors associated with selecting ticagrelor were analysed in logistic regression. We found that 44.0% (n = 12 601) out of a total of 28 639 patients had been prescribed ticagrelor at discharge. After adjusting for age and sex, prior cardiovascular disease was less common in patients discharged on ticagrelor (myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and peripheral vascular disease; P for all <0.001). The risk of death as predicted by GRACE score and the risk of major bleeding as predicted by CRUSADE score were both lower in ticagrelor - treated patients vs. others (median 99 vs. 126 and median 23 vs. 25, respectively; P for both < 0.001). The intended treatment duration at discharge was 12 months in 82.5% of patients and <12 months in 9.3%. Ticagrelor is preferentially being used in patients at lower risk. A minority of patients are recommended ticagrelor during <12 months.
27533056	0	12	Contemporary	T079	C2362314
27533056	20	30	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	34	42	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	48	71	acute coronary syndrome	T047	C0948089
27533056	87	235	Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART)	T170	C0282574
27533056	240	258	platelet inhibitor	T121	C0032188
27533056	259	269	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	282	293	recommended	T078	C0034866
27533056	304	310	months	T079	C0439231
27533056	311	315	post	T079	C0687676
27533056	318	341	acute coronary syndrome	T047	C0948089
27533056	343	346	ACS	T047	C0948089
27533056	351	359	European	T083	C0015176
27533056	360	370	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27533056	375	383	analysed	T062	C0936012
27533056	384	408	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27533056	412	420	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	427	437	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	442	445	ACS	T047	C0948089
27533056	468	475	studied	T062	C2603343
27533056	487	497	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	501	509	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	510	518	admitted	T058	C0184666
27533056	523	526	ACS	T047	C0948089
27533056	530	536	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27533056	547	554	January	T080	C3829466
27533056	567	575	December	T080	C3830550
27533056	606	754	Swedish Web system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence-based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies (SWEDEHEART)	T170	C0282574
27533056	756	780	Clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27533056	786	798	investigated	T169	C1292732
27533056	803	811	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	823	833	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	837	846	discharge	T058	C0030685
27533056	862	870	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	882	916	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
27533056	937	947	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	949	968	Independent factors	T169	C1521761
27533056	969	984	associated with	T080	C0332281
27533056	985	994	selecting	T052	C1707391
27533056	995	1005	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	1011	1019	analysed	T062	C0936012
27533056	1023	1042	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27533056	1102	1110	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	1120	1130	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27533056	1131	1141	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	1145	1154	discharge	T058	C0030685
27533056	1176	1179	age	T032	C0001779
27533056	1184	1187	sex	T032	C0079399
27533056	1189	1194	prior	T079	C0332152
27533056	1195	1217	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27533056	1222	1233	less common	T033	C0243095
27533056	1237	1245	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	1246	1256	discharged	T058	C0030685
27533056	1260	1270	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	1272	1293	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27533056	1295	1311	ischaemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27533056	1317	1344	peripheral vascular disease	T047	C0085096
27533056	1369	1382	risk of death	T033	C0243095
27533056	1386	1395	predicted	T078	C0681842
27533056	1399	1410	GRACE score	T034	C1254360
27533056	1419	1423	risk	T078	C0035647
27533056	1427	1441	major bleeding	T046	C0019080
27533056	1445	1454	predicted	T078	C0681842
27533056	1458	1471	CRUSADE score	T034	C1254360
27533056	1482	1487	lower	T080	C0205251
27533056	1491	1501	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	1504	1511	treated	T169	C1522326
27533056	1512	1520	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	1533	1539	median	T081	C2347635
27533056	1555	1561	median	T081	C2347635
27533056	1612	1620	intended	T080	C1283828
27533056	1621	1639	treatment duration	T079	C0444921
27533056	1643	1652	discharge	T058	C0030685
27533056	1660	1666	months	T079	C0439231
27533056	1679	1687	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	1696	1702	months	T079	C0439231
27533056	1712	1722	Ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	1755	1763	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	1767	1777	lower risk	T078	C0035647
27533056	1781	1789	minority	T098	C0026192
27533056	1793	1801	patients	T101	C0030705
27533056	1806	1817	recommended	T078	C0034866
27533056	1818	1828	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
27533056	1840	1846	months	T079	C0439231

27533082|t|Ligand dependent restoration of human TLR3 signaling and death in p53 mutant cells
27533082|a|Diversity within the p53 transcriptional network can arise from a matrix of changes that include target response element sequences and p53 expression level variations. We previously found that wild type p53 (WT p53) can regulate expression of most innate immune -related Toll-like-receptor genes (TLRs) in human cells, thereby affecting immune responses. Since many tumor-associated p53 mutants exhibit change-of-spectrum transactivation from various p53 targets, we examined the ability of twenty-five p53 mutants to activate endogenous expression of the TLR gene family in p53 null human cancer cell lines following transfection with p53 mutant expression vectors. While many mutants retained the ability to drive TLR expression at WT levels, others exhibited null, limited, or change-of-spectrum transactivation of TLR genes. Using TLR3 signaling as a model, we show that some cancer -associated p53 mutants amplify cytokine, chemokine and apoptotic responses after stimulation by the cognate ligand poly(I:C). Furthermore, restoration of WT p53 activity for loss-of-function p53 mutants by the p53 reactivating drug RITA restored p53 regulation of TLR3 gene expression and enhanced DNA damage-induced apoptosis via TLR3 signaling. Overall, our findings have many implications for understanding the impact of WT and mutant p53 in immunological responses and cancer therapy.
27533082	0	28	Ligand dependent restoration	T170	C0449982
27533082	32	37	human	T016	C0086418
27533082	38	42	TLR3	T028	C1336635
27533082	43	52	signaling	T043	C1154413
27533082	57	62	death	T043	C0007587
27533082	66	69	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	70	76	mutant	T028	C0678941
27533082	77	82	cells	T025	C0007634
27533082	83	92	Diversity	T080	C1880371
27533082	104	107	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	108	131	transcriptional network	T044	C1720950
27533082	180	186	target	T169	C1521840
27533082	187	195	response	T032	C0871261
27533082	196	213	element sequences	T086	C0004793
27533082	218	221	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	222	232	expression	T045	C0017262
27533082	239	249	variations	T070	C0042333
27533082	276	289	wild type p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	291	297	WT p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	303	322	regulate expression	T045	C0017263
27533082	331	344	innate immune	T032	C0020969
27533082	354	378	Toll-like-receptor genes	T028	C0017337
27533082	380	384	TLRs	T028	C0017337
27533082	389	400	human cells	T034	C0427861
27533082	420	436	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27533082	449	465	tumor-associated	T191	C0027651
27533082	466	469	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	470	477	mutants	T028	C0678941
27533082	486	520	change-of-spectrum transactivation	T045	C0040624
27533082	534	537	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	586	589	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	590	597	mutants	T028	C0678941
27533082	601	631	activate endogenous expression	T045	C0017262
27533082	639	654	TLR gene family	T028	C1517488
27533082	658	661	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	667	672	human	T016	C0086418
27533082	673	690	cancer cell lines	T025	C0085983
27533082	701	713	transfection	T045	C0314641
27533082	719	722	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	723	729	mutant	T028	C0678941
27533082	730	748	expression vectors	T114	C0599566
27533082	761	768	mutants	T028	C0678941
27533082	799	813	TLR expression	T045	C0017262
27533082	817	826	WT levels	T028	C1883559
27533082	863	897	change-of-spectrum transactivation	T045	C0040624
27533082	901	910	TLR genes	T028	C0017337
27533082	918	922	TLR3	T028	C1336635
27533082	923	932	signaling	T043	C1154413
27533082	938	943	model	T075	C0026339
27533082	963	969	cancer	T191	C0006826
27533082	982	985	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	986	993	mutants	T028	C0678941
27533082	1002	1010	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27533082	1012	1021	chemokine	T116,T129	C0282554
27533082	1026	1045	apoptotic responses	T040	C1817727
27533082	1071	1085	cognate ligand	T044	C1749457
27533082	1086	1095	poly(I:C)	T114,T121	C0032414
27533082	1110	1121	restoration	T170	C0449982
27533082	1125	1131	WT p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	1162	1165	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	1166	1173	mutants	T028	C0678941
27533082	1181	1184	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	1185	1207	reactivating drug RITA	T121	C1254351
27533082	1217	1220	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	1221	1255	regulation of TLR3 gene expression	T045	C0017263
27533082	1269	1297	DNA damage-induced apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27533082	1302	1306	TLR3	T028	C1336635
27533082	1307	1316	signaling	T043	C1154413
27533082	1395	1397	WT	T028	C0079419
27533082	1402	1408	mutant	T028	C0678941
27533082	1409	1412	p53	T028	C0079419
27533082	1416	1439	immunological responses	T032	C0871261
27533082	1444	1458	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425

27533383|t|Nursing ancestry now easier to trace as RCN records are published online
27533383|a|Records of more than 1.5 million nurses dating back 125 years have been digitised for the first time.
27533383	0	7	Nursing	T091	C0028677
27533383	8	16	ancestry	T099	C0870134
27533383	40	51	RCN records	T170	C0034869
27533383	56	65	published	T057	C0034037
27533383	66	72	online	T073,T170	C0029038
27533383	73	80	Records	T170	C0034869
27533383	98	105	million	T081	C1881839
27533383	106	112	nurses	T097	C0028661
27533383	113	119	dating	T079	C0011008
27533383	129	134	years	T079	C0439234
27533383	145	154	digitised	T080	C1883674
27533383	163	173	first time	T079	C0040223

27533401|t|Help end the HIV epidemic
27533401|a|After many delays, the public consultation on HIV prevention tool PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is finally here. Now is the time to mobilise - help end the HIV epidemic by responding to this NHS England consultation before 23 September.
27533401	13	16	HIV	T005	C0019682
27533401	17	25	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27533401	49	68	public consultation	T061	C0886172
27533401	72	86	HIV prevention	T061	C0150413
27533401	87	91	tool	T170	C0282574
27533401	92	96	PrEP	T061	C3850098
27533401	98	122	pre-exposure prophylaxis	T061	C3850098
27533401	184	187	HIV	T005	C0019682
27533401	188	196	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27533401	219	243	NHS England consultation	T058	C1254363
27533401	254	263	September	T079	C3828193

27533420|t|Olive oil's extra benefits
27533420|a|Could a Mediterranean diet including extra virgin olive oil reduce the risk of breast cancer? Niki Mourouti and Demosthenes Panagiotakos ' study in Evidence Based Nursing examined the effects on cancer risks of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra virgin olive oil.
27533420	0	11	Olive oil's	T109,T168	C0069449
27533420	12	26	extra benefits	T081	C0814225
27533420	35	48	Mediterranean	T098	C0240321
27533420	49	53	diet	T168	C0012155
27533420	64	86	extra virgin olive oil	T109,T168	C0069449
27533420	87	93	reduce	T052	C2003888
27533420	98	102	risk	T078	C0035647
27533420	106	119	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27533420	121	163	Niki Mourouti and Demosthenes Panagiotakos	T093	C1708333
27533420	166	171	study	T062	C2603343
27533420	175	197	Evidence Based Nursing	T091	C2350328
27533420	198	206	examined	T033	C0332128
27533420	211	218	effects	T080	C1280500
27533420	222	234	cancer risks	T081	C0596244
27533420	240	253	Mediterranean	T098	C0240321
27533420	254	258	diet	T168	C0012155
27533420	259	271	supplemented	T168	C0242295
27533420	277	299	extra virgin olive oil	T109,T168	C0069449

27534108|t|Steroid Sulfates from Ophiuroids (Brittle Stars): Action on Some Factors of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
27534108|a|The action of seven polyhydroxylated sterol mono- and disulfates (1-7), isolated from ophiuroids, on innate and adaptive immunity was examined in in vitro and in vivo experiments. At least, three of them (1, 2 and 4) increased the functional activities of neutrophils, including levels of oxygen - dependent metabolism, adhesive and phagocytic properties, and induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-8. Compound 4 was the most active for enhancing the production of antibody forming cells in the mouse spleen.
27534108	0	16	Steroid Sulfates	T109	C0597521
27534108	22	32	Ophiuroids	T204	C0598342
27534108	34	47	Brittle Stars	T204	C0598342
27534108	50	56	Action	T052	C3266814
27534108	65	72	Factors	T169	C1521761
27534108	76	82	Innate	T032	C0020969
27534108	87	104	Adaptive Immunity	T039	C0678209
27534108	109	115	action	T052	C3266814
27534108	125	154	polyhydroxylated sterol mono-	T109	C0597521
27534108	159	169	disulfates	T109	C0597521
27534108	177	185	isolated	T169	C0205409
27534108	191	201	ophiuroids	T204	C0598342
27534108	206	212	innate	T032	C0020969
27534108	217	234	adaptive immunity	T039	C0678209
27534108	239	247	examined	T062	C0936012
27534108	251	259	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27534108	264	271	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27534108	272	283	experiments	T062	C0681814
27534108	336	346	functional	T169	C0205245
27534108	347	357	activities	T169	C0205177
27534108	361	372	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27534108	384	390	levels	T080	C0441889
27534108	394	400	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27534108	403	412	dependent	T169	C3244310
27534108	413	423	metabolism	T025	C3826603
27534108	425	433	adhesive	T043	C0007577
27534108	438	448	phagocytic	T043	C0031308
27534108	449	459	properties	T080	C0871161
27534108	477	487	expression	T045	C1171362
27534108	491	517	pro-inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27534108	518	523	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27534108	528	532	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
27534108	534	544	Compound 4	T109	C0597521
27534108	558	564	active	T169	C0205177
27534108	569	578	enhancing	T169	C0442808
27534108	583	593	production	T043	C0007613
27534108	597	619	antibody forming cells	T025	C0004561
27534108	627	639	mouse spleen	T024	C1519474

27534355|t|Mobility Experience of Persons with Visual Impairments in Indian Railway Station Environments
27534355|a|Mobility for persons with visual impairments in Indian railway stations poses multidimensional challenges for access to an inclusive travel experience. India is a home to about twenty million persons with diverse disabilities out of which about five million are persons with visual impairments. Diversity of passenger movements on a railway station including persons with visual impairments requires a Universal Design approach to respond to the accessibility issues in these contexts. This research study is based on a series of live on-site experiences conducted along with persons with visual impairments at New Delhi Railway Station. It also includes the generic studies carried out with other diversities of railway passengers including aging, gender and diverse physical abilities. It employs research methods like ethnography, focus group interactions and trace study to develop a deeper understanding of human and spatial parameters of mobility in railway station environments. A Universal Design perspective with a holistic understanding remains critical to the foundation of this research study. While it deals in specific requirements of persons with visual impairments, it also brings an illustration of handling diversity on a railway station from a unique Indian perspective. It concludes by highlighting and reinterpreting the Universal Design India Principles integrating the needs of persons with visual impairments in railway station environments. Brief recommendation for an inclusive mobility experience on railway station forms a vital part of this grounded research study.
27534355	0	8	Mobility	T080	C0449580
27534355	9	19	Experience	T041	C0596545
27534355	23	30	Persons	T098	C0027361
27534355	36	54	Visual Impairments	T033	C3665347
27534355	58	64	Indian	T083	C0021201
27534355	65	80	Railway Station	T073	C0442644
27534355	81	93	Environments	T082	C0014406
27534355	94	102	Mobility	T080	C0449580
27534355	107	114	persons	T098	C0027361
27534355	120	138	visual impairments	T033	C3665347
27534355	142	148	Indian	T083	C0021201
27534355	149	165	railway stations	T073	C0442644
27534355	204	210	access	T082	C0444454
27534355	227	233	travel	T056	C0040802
27534355	234	244	experience	T041	C0596545
27534355	246	251	India	T083	C0021201
27534355	286	293	persons	T098	C0027361
27534355	299	306	diverse	T080	C1880371
27534355	307	319	disabilities	T033	C0231170
27534355	356	363	persons	T098	C0027361
27534355	369	387	visual impairments	T033	C3665347
27534355	389	398	Diversity	T080	C1880371
27534355	402	411	passenger	T098	C0450048
27534355	412	421	movements	T040	C0026649
27534355	427	442	railway station	T073	C0442644
27534355	453	460	persons	T098	C0027361
27534355	466	484	visual impairments	T033	C3665347
27534355	496	521	Universal Design approach	T170	C0282574
27534355	540	553	accessibility	T080	C0814423
27534355	554	560	issues	T033	C0033213
27534355	570	578	contexts	T078	C0449255
27534355	585	599	research study	T062	C0681814
27534355	614	620	series	T081	C0205549
27534355	624	628	live	T052	C2982691
27534355	629	636	on-site	T082	C0205145
27534355	637	648	experiences	T041	C0596545
27534355	670	677	persons	T098	C0027361
27534355	683	701	visual impairments	T033	C3665347
27534355	705	714	New Delhi	UnknownType	C0681784
27534355	715	730	Railway Station	T073	C0442644
27534355	753	768	generic studies	T062	C2603343
27534355	792	803	diversities	T080	C1880371
27534355	807	825	railway passengers	T098	C0450058
27534355	836	841	aging	T032	C0001779
27534355	843	849	gender	T032	C0079399
27534355	854	861	diverse	T080	C1880371
27534355	862	870	physical	T169	C0205485
27534355	871	880	abilities	T032	C0085732
27534355	893	909	research methods	T062	C0086912
27534355	915	926	ethnography	T090	C0162319
27534355	928	933	focus	T169	C1285542
27534355	934	939	group	T098	C1257890
27534355	940	952	interactions	T169	C1704675
27534355	957	968	trace study	T062	C0242481
27534355	1006	1011	human	T016	C0086418
27534355	1016	1023	spatial	T082	C1254362
27534355	1024	1034	parameters	T033	C0449381
27534355	1038	1046	mobility	T080	C0449580
27534355	1050	1065	railway station	T073	C0442644
27534355	1066	1078	environments	T082	C0014406
27534355	1082	1110	Universal Design perspective	T170	C0282574
27534355	1184	1198	research study	T062	C0681814
27534355	1243	1250	persons	T098	C0027361
27534355	1256	1274	visual impairments	T033	C3665347
27534355	1319	1328	diversity	T080	C1880371
27534355	1334	1349	railway station	T073	C0442644
27534355	1364	1370	Indian	T098	C1524069
27534355	1371	1382	perspective	T080	C0205556
27534355	1417	1431	reinterpreting	T169	C1285553
27534355	1436	1469	Universal Design India Principles	T170	C0282574
27534355	1495	1502	persons	T098	C0027361
27534355	1508	1526	visual impairments	T033	C3665347
27534355	1530	1545	railway station	T073	C0442644
27534355	1546	1558	environments	T082	C0014406
27534355	1566	1580	recommendation	T078	C0034866
27534355	1598	1606	mobility	T080	C0449580
27534355	1607	1617	experience	T041	C0596545
27534355	1621	1636	railway station	T073	C0442644
27534355	1673	1687	research study	T062	C0681814

27534399|t|Osseointegration behavior of novel Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy for dental implants: an in vivo study
27534399|a|This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants on mineral apposition rate and new BIC contact in rabbits. Twelve Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants were fabricated and placed into the right femur sites in six rabbits, and commercially pure titanium implants were used as controls in the left femur. Tetracycline and alizarin red were administered 3 weeks and 1 week before euthanization, respectively. At 4 weeks and 8 weeks after implantation, animals were euthanized, respectively. Surface characterization and implant-bone contact surface analysis were performed by using a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive X-ray detector. Mineral apposition rate was evaluated using a confocal laser scanning microscope. Toluidine blue staining was performed on undecalcified sections for histology and histomorphology evaluation. Scanning electron microscope and histomorphology observation revealed a direct contact between implants and bone of all groups. After a healing period of 4 weeks, Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants showed significantly higher mineral apposition rate compared to commercially pure titanium implants (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants and commercially pure titanium implants (P > 0.05) at 8 weeks. No significant difference of bone-to-implant contact was observed between Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants and commercially pure titanium implants implants after a healing period of 4 weeks and 8 weeks. This study showed that Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy implants could establish a close direct contact comparedto commercially pure titanium implants implants, improved mineral matrix apposition rate, and may someday be an alternative as a material for dental implants.
27534399	0	16	Osseointegration	T042	C0079949
27534399	29	34	novel	T080	C0205314
27534399	35	55	Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy	T122,T197	C0011323
27534399	60	75	dental implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	80	87	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27534399	88	93	study	T062	C2603343
27534399	114	122	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27534399	127	137	effects of	T080	C1704420
27534399	138	158	Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy	T122,T197	C0011323
27534399	159	167	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	171	194	mineral apposition rate	T081	C1521828
27534399	203	214	BIC contact	T081	C0392762
27534399	218	225	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27534399	234	254	Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy	T122,T197	C0011323
27534399	255	263	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	269	279	fabricated	T169	C0205245
27534399	284	290	placed	T058	C1533810
27534399	300	305	right	T082	C0444532
27534399	306	311	femur	T023	C0015811
27534399	312	317	sites	T029	C1515974
27534399	325	332	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27534399	356	364	titanium	T196	C0040302
27534399	365	373	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	387	395	controls	T096	C0009932
27534399	403	407	left	T082	C0443246
27534399	408	413	femur	T023	C0015811
27534399	415	427	Tetracycline	T109,T195	C0039644
27534399	432	444	alizarin red	T109,T130	C0051165
27534399	465	470	weeks	T079	C0439230
27534399	477	481	week	T079	C0439230
27534399	489	502	euthanization	T058	C1136183
27534399	523	528	weeks	T079	C0439230
27534399	535	540	weeks	T079	C0439230
27534399	547	559	implantation	T061	C0011370
27534399	561	568	animals	T008	C0003062
27534399	574	584	euthanized	T058	C3686530
27534399	600	607	Surface	T082	C0205148
27534399	608	624	characterization	T052	C1880022
27534399	629	649	implant-bone contact	T081	C0392762
27534399	650	657	surface	T082	C0205148
27534399	658	666	analysis	T062	C0936012
27534399	672	681	performed	T169	C0884358
27534399	693	721	scanning electron microscope	T074	C0262878
27534399	729	761	energy dispersive X-ray detector	T074	C0025080
27534399	763	786	Mineral apposition rate	T081	C1521828
27534399	791	800	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27534399	809	843	confocal laser scanning microscope	T059	C0242841
27534399	845	868	Toluidine blue staining	T059	C0523203
27534399	873	882	performed	T169	C0884358
27534399	886	899	undecalcified	T033	C0243095
27534399	900	908	sections	T167	C1522472
27534399	913	922	histology	T091	C0019638
27534399	927	942	histomorphology	T080	C0332437
27534399	955	983	Scanning electron microscope	T074	C0262878
27534399	988	1003	histomorphology	T080	C0332437
27534399	1004	1015	observation	T078	C1554188
27534399	1016	1024	revealed	T080	C0443289
27534399	1027	1041	direct contact	T169	C0332158
27534399	1050	1058	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1063	1067	bone	T023	C0262950
27534399	1075	1081	groups	T078	C0441833
27534399	1091	1098	healing	T040	C0043240
27534399	1099	1105	period	T079	C1948053
27534399	1111	1116	weeks	T079	C0439230
27534399	1118	1138	Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy	T122,T197	C0011323
27534399	1139	1147	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1176	1199	mineral apposition rate	T081	C1521828
27534399	1230	1238	titanium	T196	C0040302
27534399	1239	1247	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1278	1292	no significant	T033	C1273937
27534399	1312	1332	Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy	T122,T197	C0011323
27534399	1333	1341	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1364	1372	titanium	T196	C0040302
27534399	1373	1381	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1398	1403	weeks	T079	C0439230
27534399	1405	1419	No significant	T033	C1273937
27534399	1434	1457	bone-to-implant contact	T081	C0392762
27534399	1462	1470	observed	T169	C1441672
27534399	1479	1499	Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy	T122,T197	C0011323
27534399	1500	1508	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1531	1539	titanium	T196	C0040302
27534399	1540	1548	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1549	1557	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1566	1573	healing	T040	C0043240
27534399	1574	1580	period	T079	C1948053
27534399	1586	1591	weeks	T079	C0439230
27534399	1598	1603	weeks	T079	C0439230
27534399	1628	1648	Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta-Si alloy	T122,T197	C0011323
27534399	1649	1657	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1676	1696	close direct contact	T169	C0332158
27534399	1726	1734	titanium	T196	C0040302
27534399	1735	1743	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1744	1752	implants	T074	C0011373
27534399	1754	1762	improved	T033	C0184511
27534399	1763	1793	mineral matrix apposition rate	T081	C1521828
27534399	1817	1828	alternative	T077	C1523987
27534399	1834	1842	material	T167	C0520510
27534399	1847	1862	dental implants	T074	C0011373

27534567|t|Punch injury self-harm in young people
27534567|a|Punch injuries are a form of self-harm characterised by the intentional act of striking an object with a closed fist. We aimed to describe the characteristics and trends in young people presenting with injuries sustained via the punch mechanism. A comprehensive retrospective review of medical records was completed of all young people aged 10-18 years presenting to our Central London Emergency Department over a 12-month period. A subset of the total group was identified as the punch injury subgroup. A total of 78 punch injury presentations were identified. In this subgroup, the male: female ratio is 4.57:1; 37.18% of presentations were associated with a fracture (n = 29) and 35.90% (n = 28) of patients re-presented following another punch injury, as a victim of violence, or by other psychiatric presentation. In conclusion, a male preponderance was observed, with frequent re-presentations, often in high-risk circumstances. An opportunity for screening, including mental health, social and substance misuse, was identified. Further research is needed to enable targeted effective interventions in this group.
27534567	0	5	Punch	T048	C0004930
27534567	6	12	injury	T037	C0043251
27534567	13	22	self-harm	T037	C0424366
27534567	26	38	young people	T100	C0087178
27534567	39	44	Punch	T048	C0004930
27534567	45	53	injuries	T037	C0043251
27534567	60	64	form	T080	C0348078
27534567	68	77	self-harm	T037	C0424366
27534567	78	91	characterised	T052	C1880022
27534567	99	110	intentional	T080	C1283828
27534567	111	126	act of striking	T052	C0441655
27534567	130	136	object	T072	C0347997
27534567	144	150	closed	T169	C0587267
27534567	151	155	fist	T072	C0336667
27534567	160	165	aimed	T078	C1947946
27534567	182	197	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27534567	202	208	trends	T079	C1521798
27534567	212	224	young people	T100	C0087178
27534567	225	235	presenting	T078	C0449450
27534567	241	249	injuries	T037	C0043251
27534567	250	259	sustained	T169	C0443318
27534567	268	273	punch	T048	C0004930
27534567	274	283	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27534567	287	300	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27534567	301	321	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
27534567	325	340	medical records	T170	C0025102
27534567	345	354	completed	T080	C0205197
27534567	362	374	young people	T100	C0087178
27534567	375	379	aged	T032	C0001779
27534567	386	391	years	T079	C0439234
27534567	392	402	presenting	T078	C0449450
27534567	410	445	Central London Emergency Department	T093	C1708333
27534567	453	468	12-month period	T079	C4082117
27534567	472	497	subset of the total group	T185	C1515021
27534567	502	512	identified	T080	C0205396
27534567	520	525	punch	T048	C0004930
27534567	526	532	injury	T037	C0043251
27534567	533	541	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27534567	557	562	punch	T048	C0004930
27534567	563	569	injury	T037	C0043251
27534567	570	583	presentations	T078	C0449450
27534567	589	599	identified	T080	C0205396
27534567	609	617	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27534567	623	627	male	T032	C0086582
27534567	629	635	female	T032	C0086287
27534567	636	641	ratio	T081	C0456603
27534567	663	676	presentations	T078	C0449450
27534567	682	697	associated with	T080	C0332281
27534567	700	708	fracture	T037	C0016658
27534567	741	749	patients	T101	C0030705
27534567	750	762	re-presented	T078	C0449450
27534567	781	786	punch	T048	C0004930
27534567	787	793	injury	T037	C0043251
27534567	800	818	victim of violence	T033	C2711168
27534567	832	843	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
27534567	844	856	presentation	T078	C0449450
27534567	861	871	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27534567	875	893	male preponderance	T033	C0243095
27534567	898	906	observed	T169	C1441672
27534567	913	921	frequent	T079	C0332183
27534567	922	938	re-presentations	T078	C0449450
27534567	949	958	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27534567	959	972	circumstances	T169	C0868928
27534567	993	1002	screening	T058	C1710032
27534567	1014	1027	mental health	T041	C0025353
27534567	1029	1035	social	T169	C0728831
27534567	1040	1056	substance misuse	T033	C4061432
27534567	1062	1072	identified	T080	C0205396
27534567	1082	1090	research	T062	C0035168
27534567	1094	1100	needed	T080	C0027552
27534567	1111	1119	targeted	T169	C1521840
27534567	1120	1129	effective	T080	C1704419
27534567	1130	1143	interventions	T058	C1273869
27534567	1152	1157	group	T100	C0087178

27534734|t|Simultaneous edited MRS of GABA and glutathione
27534734|a|Edited MRS allows the detection of low - concentration metabolites, whose signals are not resolved in the MR spectrum. Tailored acquisitions can be designed to detect, for example, the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), or the reduction-oxidation (redox) compound glutathione (GSH), and single - voxel edited experiments are generally acquired at a rate of one metabolite - per-experiment. We demonstrate that simultaneous detection of the overlapping signals of GABA and GSH is possible using Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of Mega-Edited Spectroscopy (HERMES). HERMES applies orthogonal editing encoding (following a Hadamard scheme), such that GSH- and GABA - edited difference spectra can be reconstructed from a single multiplexed experiment. At a TE of 80ms, 20-ms editing pulses are applied at 4.56ppm (on GSH),1.9ppm (on GABA), both offsets (using a dual-lobe cosine-modulated pulse) or neither. Hadamard combinations of the four sub-experiments yield GABA and GSH difference spectra. It is shown that HERMES gives excellent separation of the edited GABA and GSH signals in phantoms, and resulting edited lineshapes agree well with separate Mescher-Garwood Point-resolved Spectroscopy (MEGA-PRESS) acquisitions. In vivo, the quality and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of HERMES spectra are similar to those of sequentially acquired MEGA-PRESS spectra, with the benefit of saving half the acquisition time.
27534734	0	12	Simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27534734	13	19	edited	T077	C1711200
27534734	20	23	MRS	T060	C0024487
27534734	27	31	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
27534734	36	47	glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27534734	48	54	Edited	T077	C1711200
27534734	55	58	MRS	T060	C0024487
27534734	70	79	detection	T061	C1511790
27534734	83	86	low	T080	C0205251
27534734	89	102	concentration	T081	C1446561
27534734	103	114	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27534734	122	129	signals	T067	C1710082
27534734	134	137	not	T169	C1518422
27534734	138	146	resolved	T077	C2699488
27534734	154	165	MR spectrum	T060	C0024487
27534734	167	188	Tailored acquisitions	T052	C1706701
27534734	196	204	designed	T090	C0920454
27534734	208	214	detect	T061	C1511790
27534734	220	227	example	T077	C1707959
27534734	233	243	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27534734	244	260	neurotransmitter	T123	C0027908
27534734	261	280	γ-aminobutyric acid	T116,T123	C0016904
27534734	282	286	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
27534734	296	315	reduction-oxidation	T044	C0030012
27534734	317	322	redox	T044	C0030012
27534734	333	344	glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27534734	346	349	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27534734	356	362	single	T081	C0205171
27534734	365	370	voxel	T077	C2700259
27534734	371	377	edited	T077	C1711200
27534734	378	389	experiments	T062	C0681814
27534734	418	422	rate	T081	C1521828
27534734	426	429	one	T081	C0205447
27534734	430	440	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27534734	443	457	per-experiment	T062	C0681814
27534734	479	491	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27534734	492	501	detection	T061	C1511790
27534734	509	520	overlapping	T079	C1948020
27534734	521	528	signals	T067	C1710082
27534734	532	536	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
27534734	541	544	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27534734	557	562	using	T169	C1524063
27534734	563	627	Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of Mega-Edited Spectroscopy	T059	C0022885
27534734	629	635	HERMES	T059	C0022885
27534734	638	644	HERMES	T059	C0022885
27534734	645	652	applies	T169	C4048755
27534734	653	680	orthogonal editing encoding	T052	C2700640
27534734	682	691	following	T079	C0332282
27534734	694	709	Hadamard scheme	T170	C1519193
27534734	722	726	GSH-	T116,T123	C0017817
27534734	731	735	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
27534734	738	744	edited	T077	C1711200
27534734	745	755	difference	T080	C1705242
27534734	756	763	spectra	T077	C2827424
27534734	792	821	single multiplexed experiment	T062	C0681814
27534734	828	830	TE	T079	C2826100
27534734	846	853	editing	T077	C1711200
27534734	854	860	pulses	T067	C1947910
27534734	865	872	applied	T169	C4048755
27534734	888	891	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27534734	904	908	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
27534734	911	915	both	T080	C1706086
27534734	916	923	offsets	T081	C1711330
27534734	933	965	dual-lobe cosine-modulated pulse	T067	C1947910
27534734	979	1000	Hadamard combinations	T170	C0282574
27534734	1013	1028	sub-experiments	T062	C0681814
27534734	1035	1039	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
27534734	1044	1047	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27534734	1048	1058	difference	T080	C1705242
27534734	1059	1066	spectra	T077	C2827424
27534734	1085	1091	HERMES	T059	C0022885
27534734	1098	1107	excellent	T080	C1961136
27534734	1108	1118	separation	T080	C0443299
27534734	1126	1132	edited	T077	C1711200
27534734	1133	1137	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
27534734	1142	1145	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27534734	1146	1153	signals	T067	C1710082
27534734	1157	1165	phantoms	T073	C0282611
27534734	1181	1187	edited	T077	C1711200
27534734	1188	1198	lineshapes	T080	C0348078
27534734	1199	1204	agree	T033	C3641827
27534734	1205	1209	well	T080	C0205170
27534734	1215	1223	separate	T080	C0443299
27534734	1224	1267	Mescher-Garwood Point-resolved Spectroscopy	T059	C0022885
27534734	1269	1279	MEGA-PRESS	T059	C0022885
27534734	1281	1293	acquisitions	T052	C1706701
27534734	1295	1302	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27534734	1308	1315	quality	T080	C0332306
27534734	1320	1341	signal-to-noise ratio	T081	C2986823
27534734	1343	1346	SNR	T081	C2986823
27534734	1351	1357	HERMES	T059	C0022885
27534734	1358	1365	spectra	T077	C2827424
27534734	1370	1377	similar	T080	C2348205
27534734	1390	1402	sequentially	T080	C1705294
27534734	1403	1411	acquired	T080	C0439661
27534734	1412	1422	MEGA-PRESS	T059	C0022885
27534734	1423	1430	spectra	T077	C2827424
27534734	1441	1448	benefit	T081	C0814225
27534734	1468	1479	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27534734	1480	1484	time	T079	C0040223

27534961|t|2016 Updated MASCC / ESMO consensus recommendations: Management of nausea and vomiting in advanced cancer
27534961|a|The aim of this paper is to review the existing literature related to the management of nausea and vomiting (N & V) in advanced cancer and derive clinical evidence -based recommendations for its management. Available systematic reviews on antiemetic drug effectiveness were used. One generic systematic review of antiemetics in advanced cancer (to 2009) was updated to February 2016. Agreement on recommendations was reached between panel members, and these were voted in favor unanimously by the larger antiemetic committee membership (n = 37). The evidence base in this field is minimal with largely poor quality trials or uncontrolled trials and case studies. The level of evidence in most studies is low. The drug of choice for managing N & V in advanced cancer is metoclopramide titrated to effect. Alternative options include haloperidol, levomepromazine, or olanzapine. For bowel obstruction, the recommendation is to use octreotide given alongside an antiemetic (haloperidol) and where octreotide is not an option to use an anticholinergic antisecretory agent. For opioid - induced N & V, no recommendation could be made. These new guidelines, based on the existing (but poor) evidence, could help clinicians manage more effectively the complex and challenging symptoms of N & V in advanced cancer.
27534961	13	18	MASCC	T092	C0237407
27534961	21	25	ESMO	T094	C0037459
27534961	26	35	consensus	T054	C0376298
27534961	36	51	recommendations	T170	C0681471
27534961	53	63	Management	T058	C0376636
27534961	67	86	nausea and vomiting	T184	C0027498
27534961	90	105	advanced cancer	T191	C0877373
27534961	110	113	aim	T078	C1947946
27534961	134	140	review	T170	C0282443
27534961	154	164	literature	T170	C0023866
27534961	180	190	management	T058	C0376636
27534961	194	213	nausea and vomiting	T184	C0027498
27534961	215	220	N & V	T184	C0027498
27534961	225	240	advanced cancer	T191	C0877373
27534961	252	260	clinical	T080	C0205210
27534961	261	269	evidence	T078	C3887511
27534961	277	292	recommendations	T170	C0681471
27534961	301	311	management	T058	C0376636
27534961	323	341	systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
27534961	345	360	antiemetic drug	T121	C0003297
27534961	361	374	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27534961	398	415	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27534961	419	430	antiemetics	T121	C0003297
27534961	434	449	advanced cancer	T191	C0877373
27534961	475	483	February	T080	C3830166
27534961	490	499	Agreement	T170	C4255373
27534961	503	518	recommendations	T170	C0681471
27534961	539	552	panel members	T098	C0680022
27534961	610	620	antiemetic	T121	C0003297
27534961	621	641	committee membership	T102	C0376347
27534961	656	664	evidence	T078	C3887511
27534961	687	694	minimal	T080	C0547040
27534961	721	727	trials	T062	C0008976
27534961	744	750	trials	T062	C0008976
27534961	755	767	case studies	T170	C0085973
27534961	773	790	level of evidence	T033	C0393009
27534961	799	806	studies	T059	C0947630
27534961	819	823	drug	T121	C1254351
27534961	838	846	managing	T058	C0376636
27534961	847	852	N & V	T184	C0027498
27534961	856	871	advanced cancer	T191	C0877373
27534961	875	889	metoclopramide	T109,T121	C0025853
27534961	938	949	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27534961	951	966	levomepromazine	T109,T121	C0025678
27534961	971	981	olanzapine	T109,T121	C0171023
27534961	987	1004	bowel obstruction	T047	C0021843
27534961	1010	1024	recommendation	T170	C0681471
27534961	1035	1045	octreotide	T116,T121,T125	C0028833
27534961	1065	1075	antiemetic	T121	C0003297
27534961	1077	1088	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27534961	1100	1110	octreotide	T116,T121,T125	C0028833
27534961	1138	1173	anticholinergic antisecretory agent	T121	C0242896
27534961	1179	1185	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27534961	1188	1195	induced	T169	C0205263
27534961	1196	1201	N & V	T184	C0027498
27534961	1206	1220	recommendation	T170	C0681471
27534961	1246	1256	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27534961	1291	1299	evidence	T078	C3887511
27534961	1312	1322	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27534961	1323	1329	manage	T058	C0376636
27534961	1375	1383	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27534961	1387	1392	N & V	T184	C0027498
27534961	1396	1411	advanced cancer	T191	C0877373

27535101|t|Intestinal transport of HDND-7, a novel hesperetin derivative, in in vitro MDCK cell and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion models
27535101|a|1. Hesperetin (HDND) possesses extensive bioactivities, however, its poor solubility and low bioavailability limit its application. HDND-7, a derivative of HDND, has better solubility and high bioavailability. In this study, we investigated the intestinal absorption mechanisms of HDND-7. 2. MDCK cells were used to examine the transport mechanisms of HDND-7 in vitro, and a rat in situ intestinal perfusion model was used to characterize the absorption of HDND-7. The concentration of HDND-7 was determined by HPLC. 3. In MDCK cells, HDND-7 was effectively absorbed in a concentration - dependent manner in both directions. Moreover, HDND-7 showed pH - dependent and TEER - independent transport in both directions. The transport of HDND-7 was significantly reduced at 4 °C or in the presence of NaN3. Furthermore, the efflux of HDND-7 was apparently reduced in the presence of MRP2 inhibitors MK-571 or probenecid. However, P-gp inhibitor verapamil had no effect on the transport of HDND-7. The in situ intestinal perfusion study indicated HDND-7 was well-absorbed in four intestinal segments. Furthermore, MRP2 inhibitors may slightly increase the absorption of HDND-7 in jejunum. 4. In summary, all results indicated that HDND-7 might be absorbed mainly by passive diffusion via transcellular pathway, MRP2 but P-gp may participate in the efflux of HDND-7.
27535101	0	10	Intestinal	T023	C0021853
27535101	11	20	transport	T043	C0005528
27535101	24	30	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	34	39	novel	T080	C0205314
27535101	40	50	hesperetin	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	51	61	derivative	T169	C1527240
27535101	66	74	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27535101	75	84	MDCK cell	T025	C0598829
27535101	89	129	in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion	T061	C0031006
27535101	130	136	models	T170	C3161035
27535101	140	150	Hesperetin	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	152	156	HDND	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	168	177	extensive	T080	C0205231
27535101	206	210	poor	T080	C0542537
27535101	211	221	solubility	T080	C0037628
27535101	226	229	low	T080	C0205251
27535101	230	245	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27535101	269	275	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	279	289	derivative	T169	C1527240
27535101	293	297	HDND	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	310	320	solubility	T080	C0037628
27535101	330	345	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27535101	382	403	intestinal absorption	T042	C0021826
27535101	418	424	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	429	439	MDCK cells	T025	C0598829
27535101	465	485	transport mechanisms	T043	C0005528
27535101	489	495	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	496	504	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27535101	512	515	rat	T015	C0034693
27535101	516	544	in situ intestinal perfusion	T061	C0031006
27535101	580	590	absorption	T067	C2347023
27535101	594	600	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	606	619	concentration	T081	C1446561
27535101	623	629	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	648	652	HPLC	T059	C0008562
27535101	660	670	MDCK cells	T025	C0598829
27535101	672	678	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	683	694	effectively	T080	C1704419
27535101	709	722	concentration	T081	C1446561
27535101	725	734	dependent	T080	C0851827
27535101	750	760	directions	T082	C0439755
27535101	772	778	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	786	788	pH	T081	C0020283
27535101	791	800	dependent	T080	C0851827
27535101	805	809	TEER	T070	C0162535
27535101	812	823	independent	T033	C1299583
27535101	824	833	transport	T043	C0005528
27535101	842	852	directions	T082	C0439755
27535101	858	867	transport	T043	C0005528
27535101	871	877	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	896	903	reduced	T080	C0392756
27535101	922	930	presence	T033	C0150312
27535101	934	938	NaN3	T130,T131,T197	C0074721
27535101	957	963	efflux	T044	C1512072
27535101	967	973	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	989	996	reduced	T080	C0392756
27535101	1004	1012	presence	T033	C0150312
27535101	1016	1020	MRP2	T116,T123	C0525410
27535101	1021	1031	inhibitors	T080	C1999216
27535101	1032	1038	MK-571	T109,T121	C0128634
27535101	1042	1052	probenecid	T109,T121	C0033209
27535101	1063	1077	P-gp inhibitor	T120	C3898062
27535101	1078	1087	verapamil	T109,T121	C0042523
27535101	1092	1101	no effect	T080	C1301751
27535101	1109	1118	transport	T043	C0005528
27535101	1122	1128	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	1134	1162	in situ intestinal perfusion	T061	C0031006
27535101	1179	1185	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	1212	1222	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27535101	1223	1231	segments	T082	C1254362
27535101	1246	1250	MRP2	T116,T123	C0525410
27535101	1251	1261	inhibitors	T080	C1999216
27535101	1275	1283	increase	T169	C0442805
27535101	1288	1298	absorption	T067	C2347023
27535101	1302	1308	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	1312	1319	jejunum	T023	C0022378
27535101	1363	1369	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392
27535101	1398	1405	passive	T080	C3686820
27535101	1406	1415	diffusion	T070	C0012222
27535101	1420	1441	transcellular pathway	T043	C2936269
27535101	1443	1447	MRP2	T116,T123	C0525410
27535101	1452	1456	P-gp	T116,T123	C0069906
27535101	1480	1486	efflux	T044	C1512072
27535101	1490	1496	HDND-7	T109,T121,T127	C0019392

27535586|t|Chitosan -functionalised poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) core-shell microgels as drug delivery carriers: salicylic acid loading and release
27535586|a|This work presents the evaluation of chitosan -functionalised poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (CS / PHEMA) core-shell microgels as drug delivery carriers. CS / PHEMA microgels were prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerisation with N,N '-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker. The study on drug loading, using salicylic acid (SA) as a model drug, was performed. The results showed that the encapsulation efficiency (EE) increased as drug -to- microgel ratio was increased. Higher EE can be achieved with the increase in degree of crosslinking, by increasing the amount of MBA from 0.01 g to 0.03 g. In addition, the highest EE (61.1%) was observed at pH 3. The highest release of SA (60%) was noticed at pH 2.4, while the lowest one (49.4%) was obtained at pH 7.4. Moreover, the highest release of SA was enhanced by the presence of 0.2 M NaCl. The pH - and ionic-sensitivity of CS / PHEMA could be useful as a sustained release delivery device, especially for oral delivery.
27535586	0	8	Chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27535586	25	58	poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)	T109,T122	C0032509
27535586	59	79	core-shell microgels	T122	C0013161
27535586	83	105	drug delivery carriers	T074	C0085104
27535586	107	121	salicylic acid	T109,T121	C0036079
27535586	122	141	loading and release	T169	C0205245
27535586	179	187	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27535586	204	237	poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)	T109,T122	C0032509
27535586	239	241	CS	T109,T121	C0162969
27535586	244	249	PHEMA	T109,T122	C0032509
27535586	251	271	core-shell microgels	T122	C0013161
27535586	275	297	drug delivery carriers	T074	C0085104
27535586	299	301	CS	T109,T121	C0162969
27535586	304	309	PHEMA	T109,T122	C0032509
27535586	310	319	microgels	T122	C0013161
27535586	337	376	emulsifier-free emulsion polymerisation	T067	C0314672
27535586	382	410	N,N '-methylenebisacrylamide	T109,T130	C0067314
27535586	412	415	MBA	T109,T130	C0067314
27535586	422	433	crosslinker	T109	C0029224
27535586	439	460	study on drug loading	T062	C0013175
27535586	468	482	salicylic acid	T109,T121	C0036079
27535586	484	486	SA	T109,T121	C0036079
27535586	493	503	model drug	T121	C1254351
27535586	548	572	encapsulation efficiency	T067	C2348438
27535586	574	576	EE	T067	C2348438
27535586	591	595	drug	T121	C1254351
27535586	610	615	ratio	T081	C0456603
27535586	638	640	EE	T067	C2348438
27535586	688	700	crosslinking	T067	C1254366
27535586	730	733	MBA	T109,T130	C0067314
27535586	782	784	EE	T067	C2348438
27535586	809	811	pH	T081	C0020283
27535586	827	840	release of SA	T070	C3850077
27535586	862	864	pH	T081	C0020283
27535586	915	917	pH	T081	C0020283
27535586	945	958	release of SA	T070	C3850077
27535586	997	1001	NaCl	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
27535586	1007	1009	pH	T081	C0020283
27535586	1016	1033	ionic-sensitivity	T080	C0205556
27535586	1037	1039	CS	T109,T121	C0162969
27535586	1042	1047	PHEMA	T109,T122	C0032509
27535586	1069	1102	sustained release delivery device	T121	C1135768
27535586	1119	1132	oral delivery	T074	C0302620

27536134|t|RBBP6: a potential biomarker of apoptosis induction in human cervical cancer cell lines
27536134|a|Overexpression of RBBP6 in cancers of the colon, lung, and esophagus makes it a potential target in anticancer therapy. This is especially important because RBBP6 associates with the tumor suppressor gene p53, the inactivation of which has been linked to over 50% of all cancer types. However, the expression of RBBP6 in cancer and its interaction with p53 are yet to be understood in order to determine whether or not RBBP6 is cancer promoting and therefore a potential biomarker. In this study, we manipulated RBBP6 expression levels followed by treatment with either camptothecin or γ-aminobutyric acid in cervical cancer cells to induce apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. We began by staining human cervical cancer tissue sections with anti-RBBP6 monoclonal antibody to evaluate the extent of expression of RBBP6 in patients ' specimens. We followed on with silencing the overexpression of RBBP6 and treatment with anticancer agents to evaluate how the specimens respond to combinational therapy. Apoptosis induction was evaluated through confocal microscope, and flow cytometry using annexin V staining, and also by checking the mitochondrial and caspase-3/7 activity. Cell cycle arrest was evaluated using flow cytometry through staining with propidium iodide. RBBP6 was highly expressed in cervical cancer tissue sections that were in stage II or III of development. Silencing RBBP6 followed by treatment with γ-aminobutyric acid and camptothecin seems to sensitize cells to apoptosis induction rather than cell cycle arrest. Overexpression of RBBP6 seems to promote S-phase in cell cycle and cell proliferation. These results predict a proliferative role of RBBP6 in cancer progression rather than as a cancer-causing gene. Furthermore, sensitization of cells to camptothecin - induced apoptosis by RBBP6 targeting suggests a promising tool for halting cervical cancer progression.
27536134	0	5	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	9	18	potential	T080	C3245505
27536134	19	28	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27536134	32	41	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27536134	42	51	induction	T045	C0017391
27536134	55	60	human	T016	C0086418
27536134	61	81	cervical cancer cell	T191	C0742133
27536134	82	87	lines	T025	C0007600
27536134	88	102	Overexpression	T045	C0017262
27536134	106	111	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	115	135	cancers of the colon	T191	C0699790
27536134	137	141	lung	T191	C0684249
27536134	147	156	esophagus	T191	C0152018
27536134	168	177	potential	T080	C3245505
27536134	178	184	target	T169	C1521840
27536134	188	206	anticancer therapy	T061	C0920425
27536134	245	250	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	251	266	associates with	T080	C0332281
27536134	271	296	tumor suppressor gene p53	T028	C0079419
27536134	302	314	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27536134	359	371	cancer types	T191	C0006826
27536134	386	396	expression	T045	C0017262
27536134	400	405	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	409	415	cancer	T191	C0006826
27536134	424	435	interaction	T045	C0596610
27536134	441	444	p53	T028	C0079419
27536134	507	512	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	516	532	cancer promoting	T028	C0919437
27536134	549	558	potential	T080	C3245505
27536134	559	568	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27536134	578	583	study	T059	C0947630
27536134	588	599	manipulated	T061	C0947647
27536134	600	605	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	606	623	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27536134	636	645	treatment	T169	C1522326
27536134	658	670	camptothecin	T109,T121	C0006812
27536134	674	693	γ-aminobutyric acid	T116,T123	C0016904
27536134	697	718	cervical cancer cells	T191	C0742133
27536134	722	728	induce	T045	C0017391
27536134	729	738	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27536134	742	759	cell cycle arrest	T043	C1155873
27536134	773	781	staining	T059	C0487602
27536134	782	787	human	T016	C0086418
27536134	788	819	cervical cancer tissue sections	T191	C0742133
27536134	836	855	monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
27536134	859	867	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27536134	882	892	expression	T045	C0017262
27536134	896	901	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	905	913	patients	T101	C0030705
27536134	916	925	specimens	T077	C2347026
27536134	947	956	silencing	T045	C0598496
27536134	961	975	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27536134	979	984	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	989	998	treatment	T169	C1522326
27536134	1004	1021	anticancer agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27536134	1025	1033	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27536134	1042	1051	specimens	T077	C2347026
27536134	1063	1076	combinational	T080	C0205195
27536134	1077	1084	therapy	T061	C0087111
27536134	1086	1095	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27536134	1096	1105	induction	T045	C0017391
27536134	1110	1119	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27536134	1128	1147	confocal microscope	T074	C1626420
27536134	1153	1167	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27536134	1174	1183	annexin V	T116,T123	C0059249
27536134	1184	1192	staining	T059	C0487602
27536134	1206	1214	checking	T052	C1283174
27536134	1219	1232	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27536134	1237	1257	caspase-3/7 activity	T044	C1150130
27536134	1259	1276	Cell cycle arrest	T043	C1155873
27536134	1281	1290	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27536134	1297	1311	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27536134	1320	1328	staining	T059	C0487602
27536134	1334	1350	propidium iodide	T109,T130	C0033470
27536134	1352	1357	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	1362	1368	highly	T080	C0205250
27536134	1369	1378	expressed	T045	C0017262
27536134	1382	1413	cervical cancer tissue sections	T191	C0742133
27536134	1427	1435	stage II	T170	C0441767
27536134	1439	1457	III of development	T170	C0441771
27536134	1459	1468	Silencing	T045	C0598496
27536134	1469	1474	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	1487	1496	treatment	T169	C1522326
27536134	1502	1521	γ-aminobutyric acid	T116,T123	C0016904
27536134	1526	1538	camptothecin	T109,T121	C0006812
27536134	1548	1563	sensitize cells	T025	C0312864
27536134	1567	1576	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27536134	1577	1586	induction	T045	C0017391
27536134	1599	1616	cell cycle arrest	T043	C1155873
27536134	1618	1632	Overexpression	T045	C0017262
27536134	1636	1641	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	1651	1658	promote	T052	C0033414
27536134	1659	1666	S-phase	T079	C0080129
27536134	1670	1680	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
27536134	1685	1703	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27536134	1711	1718	results	T033	C2825142
27536134	1751	1756	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	1760	1778	cancer progression	T046	C1947901
27536134	1796	1815	cancer-causing gene	T028	C0029016
27536134	1830	1843	sensitization	T040	C1325847
27536134	1847	1852	cells	T025	C0007634
27536134	1856	1868	camptothecin	T109,T121	C0006812
27536134	1871	1878	induced	T046	C0007994
27536134	1879	1888	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27536134	1892	1897	RBBP6	T028	C1419291
27536134	1898	1907	targeting	T063	C0242613
27536134	1938	1945	halting	T052	C1947925
27536134	1946	1973	cervical cancer progression	T046	C1947901

27536472|t|The Modified 3-square Flap Method for Reconstruction of Toe Syndactyly
27536472|a|Bandoh reported the 3-square-flap method as a procedure for interdigital space reconstruction in patients with minor syndactyly. We recently modified this flap design so that it could be used in the treatment of toe syndactyly involving fusion of the areas distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint. With our method, the reconstructed interdigital space consists of 4 oblong flaps (A through D). Flaps A and D are designed on the dorsal side, flap B is designed on the frontal plane of the interdigital space, and flap C is designed on the plantar side. Flaps A, B, and C are raised immediately below the dermis in a manner that allowed slight fat tissue to adhere to each flap. Flap D is freed to a degree minimally needed for dislocation, while leaving a thick subcutaneous pedicle. Flaps A, B, and C are each folded in 90 degrees; flap D is dislocated to the proximal plane of the reconstructed digit, followed by skin suturing. In this process, suturing is avoided between flaps A and C, between flaps A and D, and between flaps B and D. During the period of 2011 to 2015, we treated 8 patients of toe syndactyly involving fusion distal to the proximal interphalangeal joint. Cases of congenital syndactyly received surgery between the ages of 8 and 11 months. Using this technique, flap ischemia / necrosis was not observed. During the postoperative follow-up period, the interdigital space retained sufficient depth without developing any scar contracture. No case required additional surgery.
27536472	4	12	Modified	T169	C0392747
27536472	13	33	3-square Flap Method	T061	C0087111
27536472	38	52	Reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27536472	56	70	Toe Syndactyly	T019	C0265660
27536472	71	77	Bandoh	T016	C0086418
27536472	91	111	3-square-flap method	T061	C0087111
27536472	117	126	procedure	T061	C0087111
27536472	131	149	interdigital space	T030	C0230506
27536472	150	164	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27536472	168	176	patients	T101	C0030705
27536472	182	187	minor	T047	C1446899
27536472	188	198	syndactyly	T019	C0039075
27536472	226	230	flap	T023	C0038925
27536472	270	279	treatment	T061	C0087111
27536472	283	297	toe syndactyly	T019	C0265660
27536472	342	372	proximal interphalangeal joint	T030	C0932508
27536472	409	427	interdigital space	T030	C0230506
27536472	449	454	flaps	T023	C0038925
27536472	470	475	Flaps	T023	C0038925
27536472	504	515	dorsal side	T029	C0923870
27536472	517	523	flap B	T023	C0038925
27536472	543	556	frontal plane	T082	C1254362
27536472	564	582	interdigital space	T030	C0230506
27536472	588	594	flap C	T023	C0038925
27536472	614	626	plantar side	T029	C0442036
27536472	628	633	Flaps	T023	C0038925
27536472	679	685	dermis	T024	C0011646
27536472	718	728	fat tissue	T024	C0040300
27536472	747	751	flap	T023	C0038925
27536472	753	759	Flap D	T023	C0038925
27536472	802	813	dislocation	T037	C0012691
27536472	837	857	subcutaneous pedicle	T023	C0443317
27536472	859	864	Flaps	T023	C0038925
27536472	896	906	90 degrees	T081	C0441984
27536472	908	914	flap D	T023	C0038925
27536472	972	977	digit	T023	C0582802
27536472	991	1004	skin suturing	T061	C0009068
27536472	1023	1031	suturing	T061	C0009068
27536472	1051	1056	flaps	T023	C0038925
27536472	1074	1079	flaps	T023	C0038925
27536472	1101	1106	flaps	T023	C0038925
27536472	1127	1133	period	T079	C1948053
27536472	1164	1172	patients	T101	C0030705
27536472	1176	1190	toe syndactyly	T019	C0265660
27536472	1208	1214	distal	T082	C1254362
27536472	1222	1252	proximal interphalangeal joint	T030	C0932508
27536472	1263	1284	congenital syndactyly	T019	C0039075
27536472	1294	1301	surgery	T061	C0543467
27536472	1314	1318	ages	T032	C0001779
27536472	1331	1337	months	T079	C0439231
27536472	1361	1374	flap ischemia	T046	C0473591
27536472	1377	1385	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27536472	1415	1428	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27536472	1429	1438	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27536472	1439	1445	period	T079	C1948053
27536472	1451	1469	interdigital space	T030	C0230506
27536472	1519	1535	scar contracture	T046	C2959414
27536472	1554	1572	additional surgery	T061	C1706711

27536475|t|Breast Augmentation after Conservation Surgery and Radiation Therapy
27536475|a|There is a paucity of data regarding outcomes for patients undergoing breast augmentation with implants after breast conservation surgery (BCS) and radiotherapy. This retrospective study examined outcomes for patients with breast implant -only augmentation after BCS and radiotherapy. Between June 1998 and December 2010, 671 women underwent prosthetic breast reconstruction. Nineteen patients (2.8%) underwent an augmentation after BCS and radiotherapy. The mean age was 55.8 years (range, 40-69 years). Sixteen of these patients underwent one-stage implant -only breast augmentation, whereas 3 patients underwent two-stage expander and then implant augmentation. All surgeries were successful. The average size of breast implant used was 258.7�€‰g. Seven patients also received contralateral augmentation with an average implant size of 232.2�€‰g. One patient received oral antibiotics for minor wound infection. Patients were judged to have an excellent (14/19; 73.7%), good (3/19; 15.8%), or fair (2/19; 10.5%) cosmetic result. The breasts of selected patients with breast cancer after BCS and radiotherapy. with asymmetry can be adequately augmented with breast implants alone.
27536475	0	19	Breast Augmentation	T061	C0191925
27536475	26	46	Conservation Surgery	T061	C0917927
27536475	51	68	Radiation Therapy	T061	C1522449
27536475	119	127	patients	T101	C0030705
27536475	139	158	breast augmentation	T061	C0191925
27536475	164	172	implants	T074	C0021102
27536475	179	206	breast conservation surgery	T061	C0917927
27536475	208	211	BCS	T061	C0917927
27536475	217	229	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27536475	236	255	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27536475	278	286	patients	T101	C0030705
27536475	292	306	breast implant	T074	C0179412
27536475	313	325	augmentation	T061	C0191925
27536475	332	335	BCS	T061	C0917927
27536475	340	352	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27536475	395	400	women	T098	C0043210
27536475	411	421	prosthetic	T074	C0179412
27536475	422	443	breast reconstruction	T061	C0085076
27536475	454	462	patients	T101	C0030705
27536475	483	495	augmentation	T061	C0191925
27536475	502	505	BCS	T061	C0917927
27536475	510	522	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27536475	528	532	mean	T081	C0444504
27536475	533	536	age	T032	C0001779
27536475	546	551	years	T079	C1510829
27536475	553	558	range	T081	C1514721
27536475	566	571	years	T079	C1510829
27536475	591	599	patients	T101	C0030705
27536475	610	627	one-stage implant	T061	C0021107
27536475	634	653	breast augmentation	T061	C0191925
27536475	665	673	patients	T101	C0030705
27536475	684	702	two-stage expander	T061	C0021107
27536475	712	732	implant augmentation	T061	C0191925
27536475	738	747	surgeries	T061	C0543467
27536475	785	799	breast implant	T074	C0179412
27536475	826	834	patients	T101	C0030705
27536475	849	862	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27536475	863	875	augmentation	T061	C0191925
27536475	923	930	patient	T101	C0030705
27536475	940	944	oral	T169	C1527415
27536475	945	956	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27536475	967	982	wound infection	T046	C0043241
27536475	984	992	Patients	T101	C0030705
27536475	1084	1092	cosmetic	T033	C1390444
27536475	1093	1099	result	T169	C1274040
27536475	1105	1112	breasts	T023	C0006141
27536475	1125	1133	patients	T101	C0030705
27536475	1139	1152	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27536475	1159	1162	BCS	T061	C0917927
27536475	1167	1179	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27536475	1214	1223	augmented	T081	C0205217
27536475	1229	1244	breast implants	T074	C0179412

27537530|t|Multicenter Trial of Rivaroxaban for Early Discharge of Pulmonary Embolism From the Emergency Department (MERCURY PE): Rationale and Design
27537530|a|Traditionally, patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) are admitted from the emergency department and treated with low-molecular-weight heparin followed by warfarin. Several studies now demonstrate that it is possible to identify low-risk PE patients that can safely be treated as outpatients. The advent of the direct-acting oral anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban has made it easier than ever to manage patients outside of the hospital. This article describes the design of a randomized controlled trial aimed at testing the hypothesis that low-risk PE patients can be safely and effectively managed at home using rivaroxaban, resulting in fewer days of hospitalization than standard-of-care treatment. We have initiated a multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial in which low-risk adult PE patients (identified by the Hestia criteria) are randomized to outpatient management with oral rivaroxaban 15 mg twice daily for 21 days followed by 20 mg once daily for 90 days versus standard care, determined by the treating physician and based on local practices. The primary clinical endpoint will be the total number of inpatient hospital days (including the index admission) for venous thromboembolic or bleeding-related events during the first 30 days after randomization. A total of 150 subjects per group will provide 82% power to detect a difference of 1 day or greater in the primary outcome. Patient enrollment is ongoing at present in 45 of 60 planned sites. No interim analysis is planned and the study is being monitored by a data safety management board. The MERCURY PE study is designed to test the hypothesis that outpatient management of low-risk PE patients with rivaroxaban reduces the number of hospitalization days from venous thromboembolism and bleeding compared with standard care. This article describes the rationale and methodology for this study.
27537530	0	17	Multicenter Trial	T062	C0206012
27537530	21	32	Rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
27537530	37	52	Early Discharge	T033	C3840736
27537530	56	74	Pulmonary Embolism	T047	C0034065
27537530	84	104	Emergency Department	T073,T093	C0562508
27537530	106	116	MERCURY PE	T073,T093	C0562508
27537530	119	128	Rationale	T078	C2699007
27537530	133	139	Design	T052	C1707689
27537530	155	163	patients	T101	C0030705
27537530	169	187	pulmonary embolism	T047	C0034065
27537530	189	191	PE	T047	C0034065
27537530	197	210	admitted from	T033	C2599640
27537530	215	235	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27537530	240	252	treated with	T061	C0332293
27537530	253	281	low-molecular-weight heparin	T109,T121	C0019139
27537530	294	302	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27537530	304	311	Several	T081	C0443302
27537530	312	319	studies	T062	C2603343
27537530	368	376	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27537530	377	379	PE	T047	C0034065
27537530	380	388	patients	T101	C0030705
27537530	408	415	treated	T169	C1522326
27537530	419	430	outpatients	T101	C0029921
27537530	450	483	direct-acting oral anticoagulants	T121	C0360593
27537530	492	503	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
27537530	536	551	manage patients	T058	C1610129
27537530	567	575	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27537530	604	610	design	T052	C1707689
27537530	616	643	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27537530	665	675	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27537530	681	689	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27537530	690	692	PE	T047	C0034065
27537530	693	701	patients	T101	C0030705
27537530	732	739	managed	T058	C0376636
27537530	743	747	home	T082	C0442519
27537530	754	765	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
27537530	794	809	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27537530	815	841	standard-of-care treatment	T061	C2936643
27537530	863	874	multicenter	T062	C0206012
27537530	876	886	open-label	T062	C1709323
27537530	888	913	randomized clinical trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27537530	923	931	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27537530	932	937	adult	T100	C0001675
27537530	938	940	PE	T047	C0034065
27537530	941	949	patients	T101	C0030705
27537530	951	961	identified	T080	C0205396
27537530	969	984	Hestia criteria	T170	C0679228
27537530	1004	1025	outpatient management	T058	C1610129
27537530	1031	1047	oral rivaroxaban	T200	C3162456
27537530	1126	1139	standard care	T061	C2936643
27537530	1159	1177	treating physician	T097	C1710470
27537530	1191	1206	local practices	T091	C0086343
27537530	1220	1237	clinical endpoint	T201	C2347784
27537530	1266	1275	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27537530	1276	1284	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27537530	1311	1320	admission	T058	C0184666
27537530	1326	1347	venous thromboembolic	T047	C1861172
27537530	1351	1374	bleeding-related events	T046	C0019080
27537530	1406	1419	randomization	T062	C0034656
27537530	1436	1444	subjects	T098	C0080105
27537530	1481	1487	detect	T033	C0442726
27537530	1528	1543	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
27537530	1545	1552	Patient	T101	C0030705
27537530	1553	1563	enrollment	T058	C1516879
27537530	1578	1585	present	T033	C0150312
27537530	1616	1632	interim analysis	T170	C3898732
27537530	1652	1657	study	T062	C2603343
27537530	1694	1710	management board	T090	C3273539
27537530	1716	1726	MERCURY PE	T073,T093	C0562508
27537530	1727	1732	study	T062	C2603343
27537530	1757	1767	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27537530	1773	1794	outpatient management	T058	C1610129
27537530	1798	1806	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27537530	1807	1809	PE	T047	C0034065
27537530	1810	1818	patients	T101	C0030705
27537530	1824	1835	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
27537530	1858	1873	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27537530	1884	1906	venous thromboembolism	T047	C1861172
27537530	1911	1919	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27537530	1934	1947	standard care	T061	C2936643
27537530	1976	1985	rationale	T078	C2699007
27537530	1990	2001	methodology	T078	C3266812
27537530	2011	2016	study	T062	C2603343

27537689|t|Delayed Recognition of Deterioration of Patients in General Wards Is Mostly Caused by Human Related Monitoring Failures: A Root Cause Analysis of Unplanned ICU Admissions
27537689|a|An unplanned ICU admission of an inpatient is a serious adverse event (SAE). So far, no in depth-study has been performed to systematically analyse the root causes of unplanned ICU-admissions. The primary aim of this study was to identify the healthcare worker -, organisational -, technical ,- disease - and patient - related causes that contribute to acute unplanned ICU admissions from general wards using a Root-Cause Analysis Tool called PRISMA-medical. Although a Track and Trigger System (MEWS) was introduced in our hospital a few years ago, it was implemented without a clear protocol. Therefore, the secondary aim was to assess the adherence to a Track and Trigger system to identify deterioration on general hospital wards in patients eventually transferred to the ICU. Retrospective observational study in 49 consecutive adult patients acutely admitted to the Intensive Care Unit from a general nursing ward. 1. PRISMA-analysis on root causes of unplanned ICU admissions 2. Assessment of protocol adherence to the early warning score system. Out of 49 cases, 156 root causes were identified. The most frequent root causes were healthcare worker related (46%), which were mainly failures in monitoring the patient. They were followed by disease -related (45%), patient -related causes (7, 5%), and organisational root causes (3%). In only 40% of the patients vital parameters were monitored as was instructed by the doctor. 477 vital parameter sets were found in the 48 hours before ICU admission, in only 1% a correct MEWS was explicitly documented in the record. This in-depth analysis demonstrates that almost half of the unplanned ICU admissions from the general ward had healthcare worker related root causes, mostly due to monitoring failures in clinically deteriorating patients. In order to reduce unplanned ICU admissions, improving the monitoring of patients is therefore warranted.
27537689	0	7	Delayed	T079	C0205421
27537689	8	19	Recognition	T041	C1285650
27537689	23	36	Deterioration	T033	C0563273
27537689	40	48	Patients	T101	C0030705
27537689	52	65	General Wards	T073	C0043030
27537689	86	91	Human	T016	C0086418
27537689	100	110	Monitoring	T058	C1283169
27537689	111	119	Failures	T169	C0231175
27537689	123	142	Root Cause Analysis	T080	C3179036
27537689	156	170	ICU Admissions	T058	C0583239
27537689	184	197	ICU admission	T058	C0583239
27537689	204	213	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27537689	219	240	serious adverse event	T033	C1519255
27537689	242	245	SAE	T033	C1519255
27537689	323	334	root causes	T080	C3179036
27537689	348	362	ICU-admissions	T058	C0583239
27537689	414	431	healthcare worker	T097	C0018724
27537689	435	449	organisational	T080	C0220885
27537689	453	462	technical	T097	C0402239
27537689	466	473	disease	T047	C0012634
27537689	480	487	patient	T101	C0030705
27537689	540	554	ICU admissions	T058	C0583239
27537689	560	573	general wards	T073	C0043030
27537689	582	606	Root-Cause Analysis Tool	T080	C3179036
27537689	614	628	PRISMA-medical	T058	C0199168
27537689	641	672	Track and Trigger System (MEWS)	T057	C0681689
27537689	695	703	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27537689	756	764	protocol	T061	C0008971
27537689	828	852	Track and Trigger system	T057	C0681689
27537689	865	878	deterioration	T033	C0563273
27537689	882	904	general hospital wards	T073	C0043030
27537689	908	916	patients	T101	C0030705
27537689	947	950	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27537689	952	985	Retrospective observational study	T062	C1518527
27537689	1010	1018	patients	T101	C0030705
27537689	1027	1035	admitted	T058	C0184666
27537689	1043	1062	Intensive Care Unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27537689	1070	1090	general nursing ward	T058	C0204637
27537689	1095	1110	PRISMA-analysis	T062	C0936012
27537689	1114	1125	root causes	T080	C3179036
27537689	1139	1153	ICU admissions	T058	C0583239
27537689	1171	1179	protocol	T061	C0008971
27537689	1197	1223	early warning score system	T033	C2919393
27537689	1246	1257	root causes	T080	C3179036
27537689	1293	1304	root causes	T080	C3179036
27537689	1310	1327	healthcare worker	T097	C0018724
27537689	1361	1369	failures	T169	C0231175
27537689	1373	1383	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27537689	1388	1395	patient	T101	C0030705
27537689	1419	1426	disease	T047	C0012634
27537689	1443	1450	patient	T101	C0030705
27537689	1480	1494	organisational	T080	C0220885
27537689	1495	1506	root causes	T080	C3179036
27537689	1532	1540	patients	T101	C0030705
27537689	1541	1557	vital parameters	T077	C0549193
27537689	1598	1604	doctor	T097	C0031831
27537689	1610	1625	vital parameter	T077	C0549193
27537689	1665	1678	ICU admission	T058	C0583239
27537689	1701	1705	MEWS	T057	C0681689
27537689	1721	1731	documented	T058	C1301725
27537689	1752	1769	in-depth analysis	T062	C0936012
27537689	1817	1831	ICU admissions	T058	C0583239
27537689	1841	1853	general ward	T073	C0043030
27537689	1858	1875	healthcare worker	T097	C0018724
27537689	1884	1895	root causes	T080	C3179036
27537689	1911	1921	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27537689	1922	1930	failures	T169	C0231175
27537689	1934	1958	clinically deteriorating	T033	C0563273
27537689	1959	1967	patients	T101	C0030705
27537689	1998	2012	ICU admissions	T058	C0583239
27537689	2028	2038	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27537689	2042	2050	patients	T101	C0030705

27538344|t|The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Children's Sleep Assessment Questionnaire in Taiwan
27538344|a|To develop and examine the validity and reliability of the Children's Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (CSAQ) for school-aged children in Taiwan. We used a cross-sectional study design with stratified random sampling. Pairs of children and parents were recruited from a school -based sample of third- and fourth-grade students, enrolling 362 child and parent pairs. The content validity, construct validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and inter-rater reliability of the CSAQ were assessed. The CSAQ comprised three parts: sleep hygiene, sleep quality, and sleep disturbance. Sleep hygiene showed a moderate intra-class correlation coefficient (0.37-0.66) between children and parents. Results of exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor structure model for sleep quality with 64.9% of variance and a two-factor structure for sleep disturbance with 57.7% of variance. These two models also demonstrated good fit with the confirmatory factor analysis. The CSAQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing sleep problems in school-aged children. Both clinicians and researchers can use the CSAQ to screen or elucidate the children ' sleep problems.
27538344	4	15	Development	T169	C1527148
27538344	20	32	Psychometric	T060	C0033920
27538344	33	43	Properties	T080	C0871161
27538344	51	92	Children's Sleep Assessment Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27538344	96	102	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27538344	118	125	examine	T033	C0332128
27538344	130	154	validity and reliability	T080	C0035036
27538344	162	203	Children's Sleep Assessment Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27538344	205	209	CSAQ	T170	C0034394
27538344	215	235	school-aged children	T100	C0008059
27538344	239	245	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27538344	257	285	cross-sectional study design	T062	C0010362
27538344	291	317	stratified random sampling	T062	C0681879
27538344	319	324	Pairs	T080	C1709450
27538344	328	336	children	T100	C0008059
27538344	341	348	parents	T099	C0030551
27538344	354	363	recruited	T052	C2949735
27538344	371	377	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27538344	385	391	sample	T077	C2347026
27538344	419	427	students	T098	C0038492
27538344	443	448	child	T100	C0008059
27538344	453	459	parent	T099	C0030551
27538344	460	465	pairs	T080	C1709450
27538344	471	487	content validity	T080	C1510592
27538344	489	507	construct validity	T080	C0681897
27538344	509	528	convergent validity	T080	C1510594
27538344	530	550	internal consistency	T081	C0870731
27538344	556	579	inter-rater reliability	T081	C0870740
27538344	587	591	CSAQ	T170	C0034394
27538344	597	605	assessed	T052	C1516048
27538344	611	615	CSAQ	T170	C0034394
27538344	616	625	comprised	T052	C2700400
27538344	639	652	sleep hygiene	T055	C4277672
27538344	654	667	sleep quality	T033	C0424563
27538344	673	690	sleep disturbance	T184	C0037317
27538344	692	705	Sleep hygiene	T055	C4277672
27538344	715	723	moderate	T080	C0205081
27538344	724	759	intra-class correlation coefficient	T081	C1707429
27538344	780	788	children	T100	C0008059
27538344	793	800	parents	T099	C0030551
27538344	802	809	Results	T033	C0459422
27538344	813	840	exploratory factor analysis	T062	C0936012
27538344	841	850	suggested	T078	C1705535
27538344	853	880	four-factor structure model	T170	C3161035
27538344	885	898	sleep quality	T033	C0424563
27538344	913	921	variance	T080	C1711260
27538344	928	948	two-factor structure	T170	C3161035
27538344	953	970	sleep disturbance	T184	C0037317
27538344	985	993	variance	T080	C1711260
27538344	1005	1011	models	T170	C3161035
27538344	1017	1029	demonstrated	T052	C3687625
27538344	1030	1034	good	T080	C0205170
27538344	1035	1038	fit	T052	C2349186
27538344	1048	1076	confirmatory factor analysis	T080	C0870334
27538344	1082	1086	CSAQ	T170	C0034394
27538344	1092	1097	valid	T080	C2349099
27538344	1102	1121	reliable instrument	T170	C3858758
27538344	1126	1135	assessing	T052	C1516048
27538344	1136	1141	sleep	T040	C0037313
27538344	1142	1150	problems	T033	C0033213
27538344	1154	1174	school-aged children	T100	C0008059
27538344	1181	1191	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27538344	1196	1207	researchers	T097	C0035173
27538344	1220	1224	CSAQ	T170	C0034394
27538344	1228	1234	screen	T058	C0220908
27538344	1238	1247	elucidate	T052	C2986669
27538344	1252	1260	children	T100	C0008059
27538344	1263	1268	sleep	T040	C0037313
27538344	1269	1277	problems	T033	C0033213

27538372|t|Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 regulates the early differentiation of cardiomyocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells
27538372|a|Mitochondria are crucial for maintaining the properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and for regulating their subsequent differentiation into diverse cell lineages, including cardiomyocytes. However, mitochondrial regulators that manage the rate of differentiation or cell fate have been rarely identified. This study aimed to determine the potential mitochondrial factor that controls the differentiation of ESCs into cardiac myocytes. We induced cardiomyocyte differentiation from mouse ESCs (mESCs) and performed microarray assays to assess messenger RNA (mRNA) expression changes at differentiation day 8 (D8) compared with undifferentiated mESCs (D0). Among the differentially expressed genes, Pdp1 expression was significantly decreased (27-fold) on D8 compared to D0, which was accompanied by suppressed mitochondrial indices, including ATP levels, membrane potential, ROS and mitochondrial Ca(2+). Notably, Pdp1 overexpression significantly enhanced the mitochondrial indices and pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and reduced the expression of cardiac differentiation marker mRNA and the cardiac differentiation rate compared to a mock control. In confirmation of this, a knockdown of the Pdp1 gene promoted the expression of cardiac differentiation marker mRNA and the cardiac differentiation rate. In conclusion, our results suggest that mitochondrial PDP1 is a potential regulator that controls cardiac differentiation at an early differentiation stage in ESCs.
27538372	0	50	Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1	T028	C1418818
27538372	71	104	differentiation of cardiomyocytes	T043	C1817118
27538372	110	136	mouse embryonic stem cells	T025	C4042879
27538372	137	149	Mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27538372	196	216	embryonic stem cells	T025	C0596508
27538372	218	222	ESCs	T025	C0596508
27538372	260	275	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27538372	289	302	cell lineages	T078	C0282637
27538372	314	328	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27538372	339	363	mitochondrial regulators	T123	C0574031
27538372	380	403	rate of differentiation	T081	C1521828
27538372	407	416	cell fate	T043	C1540661
27538372	490	510	mitochondrial factor	T116,T123	C0033684
27538372	529	552	differentiation of ESCs	T043	C1514964
27538372	558	574	cardiac myocytes	T025	C0225828
27538372	587	616	cardiomyocyte differentiation	T043	C1817118
27538372	622	632	mouse ESCs	T025	C4042879
27538372	634	639	mESCs	T025	C4042879
27538372	655	672	microarray assays	T059	C1449575
27538372	683	696	messenger RNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27538372	698	702	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27538372	704	714	expression	T045	C0040649
27538372	726	747	differentiation day 8	T033	C0243095
27538372	749	751	D8	T033	C0243095
27538372	767	783	undifferentiated	T080	C0205618
27538372	784	789	mESCs	T025	C4042879
27538372	821	836	expressed genes	T028	C0017337
27538372	838	842	Pdp1	T028	C1418818
27538372	843	853	expression	T045	C0017262
27538372	895	897	D8	T033	C0243095
27538372	910	912	D0	T080	C0205618
27538372	939	949	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27538372	950	963	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27538372	964	971	indices	T170	C0918012
27538372	983	986	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27538372	995	1013	membrane potential	T043	C1156295
27538372	1015	1018	ROS	T044	C3894464
27538372	1023	1043	mitochondrial Ca(2+)	T043	C1658623
27538372	1054	1058	Pdp1	T028	C1418818
27538372	1059	1073	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27538372	1101	1114	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27538372	1115	1122	indices	T170	C0918012
27538372	1127	1158	pyruvate dehydrogenase activity	T044	C1151688
27538372	1175	1185	expression	T045	C0040649
27538372	1189	1212	cardiac differentiation	T043	C2247990
27538372	1213	1224	marker mRNA	T045	C0872263
27538372	1233	1256	cardiac differentiation	T043	C2247990
27538372	1257	1261	rate	T081	C1521828
27538372	1317	1326	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27538372	1334	1343	Pdp1 gene	T028	C1418818
27538372	1357	1367	expression	T045	C0040649
27538372	1371	1394	cardiac differentiation	T043	C2247990
27538372	1395	1406	marker mRNA	T045	C0872263
27538372	1415	1438	cardiac differentiation	T043	C2247990
27538372	1439	1443	rate	T081	C1521828
27538372	1485	1503	mitochondrial PDP1	T028	C1418818
27538372	1543	1566	cardiac differentiation	T043	C2247990
27538372	1579	1600	differentiation stage	T079	C1254367
27538372	1604	1608	ESCs	T025	C0596508

27538473|t|Altered Effects of Perspective-Taking on Functional Connectivity during Self- and Other-Referential Processing in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
27538473|a|In interactive social situations, it is often crucial to be able to take another person's perspective when evaluating one's own or another person's specific trait; individuals with ASD critically lack this social skill. To examine how perspective - dependent self- and other- evaluation processes modulate functional connectivity in ASD, we conducted an fMRI study in which 26 high-functioning adults with ASD and 24 typically developed (TD) controls were asked to decide whether an adjective describing a personality trait correctly described the participant himself/herself (" self ") or the participant's mother ("other") by taking either the first (1P) or third person (3P) perspective. We observed that functional connectivity between the left sensorimotor cortex and the left middle cingulate cortex was enhanced in TD taking the 3P perspective, this enhancement was significantly reduced in ASD, and the degree of reduction was significantly correlated with the severity of autistic traits. Furthermore, the self-reference effect on functional connectivity between the left inferior frontal cortex and frontopolar cortices was significantly enhanced in TD taking the 3P perspective, whereas such effect was reversed in ASD. These findings indicate altered effects of perspective on the functional connectivity, which may underlie the deficits in social interaction and communication observed in individuals with ASD.
27538473	0	7	Altered	T169	C0392747
27538473	8	18	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27538473	19	37	Perspective-Taking	T055	C0871069
27538473	41	51	Functional	T169	C0205245
27538473	52	64	Connectivity	T169	C1707489
27538473	72	77	Self-	T078	C0036588
27538473	82	99	Other-Referential	T169	C0205543
27538473	100	110	Processing	T052	C1709694
27538473	114	120	Adults	T100	C0001675
27538473	126	150	Autism Spectrum Disorder	T048	C1510586
27538473	154	165	interactive	T169	C1704675
27538473	166	183	social situations	T054	C0748872
27538473	232	240	person's	T098	C0027361
27538473	241	252	perspective	T055	C0871069
27538473	290	298	person's	T098	C0027361
27538473	299	307	specific	T080	C0205369
27538473	308	313	trait	T032	C0599883
27538473	315	326	individuals	T098	C0237401
27538473	332	335	ASD	T048	C1510586
27538473	347	351	lack	T080	C0332268
27538473	357	369	social skill	T054	C0679005
27538473	386	397	perspective	T055	C0871069
27538473	400	409	dependent	T080	C0851827
27538473	410	415	self-	T078	C0036588
27538473	427	437	evaluation	T078	C1550157
27538473	438	447	processes	T067	C1522240
27538473	457	467	functional	T169	C0205245
27538473	468	480	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27538473	484	487	ASD	T048	C1510586
27538473	505	509	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27538473	510	515	study	T062	C2603343
27538473	528	544	high-functioning	T169	C0205245
27538473	545	551	adults	T100	C0001675
27538473	557	560	ASD	T048	C1510586
27538473	568	601	typically developed (TD) controls	T096	C0009932
27538473	657	674	personality trait	T033	C0233849
27538473	699	710	participant	T098	C0679646
27538473	730	734	self	T078	C0036588
27538473	745	758	participant's	T098	C0679646
27538473	759	765	mother	T099	C0026591
27538473	797	802	first	T081	C0205435
27538473	811	816	third	T081	C0205437
27538473	817	823	person	T098	C0027361
27538473	829	840	perspective	T055	C0871069
27538473	859	869	functional	T169	C0205245
27538473	870	882	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27538473	895	899	left	T082	C0205091
27538473	900	919	sensorimotor cortex	T023	C3499125
27538473	928	932	left	T082	C0205091
27538473	933	939	middle	T082	C0444598
27538473	940	956	cingulate cortex	T023	C0598179
27538473	973	975	TD	T096	C0009932
27538473	990	1001	perspective	T055	C0871069
27538473	1008	1019	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27538473	1038	1045	reduced	T080	C0392756
27538473	1049	1052	ASD	T048	C1510586
27538473	1062	1068	degree	T080	C0441889
27538473	1072	1081	reduction	T080	C0392756
27538473	1100	1110	correlated	T080	C1707520
27538473	1120	1128	severity	T080	C0439793
27538473	1132	1140	autistic	T048	C0004352
27538473	1141	1147	traits	T032	C0599883
27538473	1166	1180	self-reference	T041	C0871328
27538473	1181	1187	effect	T080	C1280500
27538473	1191	1201	functional	T169	C0205245
27538473	1202	1214	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27538473	1227	1231	left	T082	C0205091
27538473	1232	1255	inferior frontal cortex	T029	C0582740
27538473	1260	1280	frontopolar cortices	T029	C3499333
27538473	1299	1307	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27538473	1311	1313	TD	T096	C0009932
27538473	1328	1339	perspective	T055	C0871069
27538473	1354	1360	effect	T080	C1280500
27538473	1377	1380	ASD	T048	C1510586
27538473	1388	1396	findings	T169	C2607943
27538473	1406	1413	altered	T169	C0392747
27538473	1414	1424	effects of	T080	C1704420
27538473	1425	1436	perspective	T055	C0871069
27538473	1444	1454	functional	T169	C0205245
27538473	1455	1467	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27538473	1492	1500	deficits	T080	C2987487
27538473	1504	1522	social interaction	T033	C0037420
27538473	1527	1540	communication	T054	C0009452
27538473	1553	1564	individuals	T098	C0237401
27538473	1570	1573	ASD	T048	C1510586

27539002|t|Effects of Smoke Generated by Electrocautery on the Larynx
27539002|a|The aim of this study was to investigate effects of smoke produced by electrocautery on the laryngeal mucosa. We used 16 healthy, adult female Wistar albino rats. We divided the rats into two groups. Eight rats were exposed to smoke for 60 min/d for 4 weeks, and eight rats were not exposed to smoke and served as controls. The experimental group was maintained in a plexiglass cabin during exposure to smoke. At the end of 4 weeks, rats were sacrificed under high-dose ketamine anesthesia. Each vocal fold was removed. An expert pathologist blinded to the experimental group evaluated the tissues for the following: epithelial distribution, inflammation, hyperplasia, and metaplasia. Mucosal cellular activities were assessed by immunohistochemical staining for Ki67. Results taken before and after effect were compared statistically. There was a significant difference in the extent of inflammation between the experimental group and the control group. Squamous metaplasia was detected in each group, but the difference was not significant. None of the larynges in either group developed hyperplasia. We showed increased tissue inflammation due to irritation by the smoke.
27539002	0	7	Effects	T080	C1280500
27539002	11	16	Smoke	T131	C0037366
27539002	17	26	Generated	T052	C3146294
27539002	30	44	Electrocautery	T074	C0180626
27539002	52	58	Larynx	T023	C0023078
27539002	63	66	aim	T078	C1947946
27539002	75	80	study	T062	C0008972
27539002	88	99	investigate	T058	C0220825
27539002	100	107	effects	T080	C1280500
27539002	111	116	smoke	T131	C0037366
27539002	117	125	produced	T052	C3146294
27539002	129	143	electrocautery	T074	C0180626
27539002	151	167	laryngeal mucosa	T024	C0023053
27539002	180	187	healthy	T080	C3898900
27539002	189	194	adult	T100	C0001675
27539002	195	201	female	T032	C0086287
27539002	202	220	Wistar albino rats	T015	C0684072
27539002	237	241	rats	T015	C0086893
27539002	251	257	groups	T096	C1642385
27539002	265	269	rats	T015	C0086893
27539002	275	285	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27539002	286	291	smoke	T131	C0037366
27539002	311	316	weeks	T079	C0439230
27539002	328	332	rats	T015	C0086893
27539002	353	358	smoke	T131	C0037366
27539002	373	381	controls	T096	C0009932
27539002	387	405	experimental group	T096	C1642385
27539002	426	436	plexiglass	T109,T122	C0600424
27539002	437	442	cabin	T073	C3273359
27539002	450	461	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27539002	462	467	smoke	T131	C0037366
27539002	485	490	weeks	T079	C0439230
27539002	492	496	rats	T015	C0086893
27539002	502	512	sacrificed	T078	C0681205
27539002	519	528	high-dose	T081	C0444956
27539002	529	537	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
27539002	538	548	anesthesia	T121	C4049933
27539002	555	565	vocal fold	T023	C0042930
27539002	570	577	removed	T080	C0849355
27539002	582	600	expert pathologist	T097	C0334901
27539002	616	634	experimental group	T096	C1642385
27539002	635	644	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27539002	649	656	tissues	T024	C0040300
27539002	676	686	epithelial	T024	C0014609
27539002	687	699	distribution	T169	C1704711
27539002	701	713	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27539002	715	726	hyperplasia	T046	C0020507
27539002	732	742	metaplasia	T049	C0025568
27539002	744	751	Mucosal	T024	C0026724
27539002	752	771	cellular activities	T043	C0007613
27539002	777	785	assessed	T052	C1516048
27539002	789	826	immunohistochemical staining for Ki67	T059	C4055454
27539002	828	835	Results	T034	C1254595
27539002	871	879	compared	T052	C1707455
27539002	880	893	statistically	T170	C0038208
27539002	907	918	significant	T078	C0750502
27539002	919	929	difference	T080	C1705242
27539002	937	943	extent	T082	C0439792
27539002	947	959	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27539002	972	990	experimental group	T096	C1642385
27539002	999	1012	control group	T096	C0009932
27539002	1014	1033	Squamous metaplasia	T049	C0025570
27539002	1038	1046	detected	T033	C0442726
27539002	1055	1060	group	T096	C1642385
27539002	1070	1080	difference	T080	C1705242
27539002	1085	1100	not significant	T033	C1273937
27539002	1102	1106	None	T033	C3843725
27539002	1114	1122	larynges	T023	C0023078
27539002	1133	1138	group	T096	C1642385
27539002	1149	1160	hyperplasia	T046	C0020507
27539002	1172	1181	increased	T081	C0205217
27539002	1182	1188	tissue	T024	C0040300
27539002	1189	1201	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27539002	1209	1219	irritation	T033	C1706307
27539002	1227	1232	smoke	T131	C0037366

27539945|t|Thermo-reversible capture and release of DNA by zwitterionic surfactants
27539945|a|The thermo-reversible capture and release of DNA were studied by the protonation and deprotonation of alkyldimethylamine oxide (CnDMAO, n = 10, 12 and 14) in Tris-HCl buffer solution. DNA / C14DMAO in Tris-HCl buffer solution with pH = 7.2 is transparent at 25 °C, indicating that DNA molecules exist mainly in individuals and the binding of C14DMAO is weak. With the increase of temperature, the pH of the buffer solution continuously decreases, which leads to protonation of C14DMAO (C14DMAO + H(+) → C14DMAOH(+)) and an obvious increase of the turbidity of the samples. This indicates a stronger binding of the protonated C14DMAOH(+) to DNA. Further investigations demonstrated the formation of DNA / C14DMAOH(+) complexes, in which the stretched DNA molecules are effectively compacted as evidenced from UV-vis absorptions, circular dichroism (CD) measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements and agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). Interestingly, when the temperature is turned back to 25 °C, the compacted DNA molecules can fully recover to the stretched conformation. This cycle can be repeated several times without obvious loss of efficiency. The effect of the chain length of CnDMAO has also been investigated. When C14DMAO was replaced by C12DMAO, similar phenomena can be observed with a slightly higher critical surfactant concentration for DNA compaction and a slightly lower pH of Tris-HCl buffer solution with pH = 6.8. For the DNA / C10DMAO system, however, no DNA compaction was observed even in Tris-HCl buffer solution with a much lower pH and a much higher C10DMAO concentration. The negative charges of DNA molecules can easily be neutralized by positive charges of cationic CnDMAOH(+) (n = 12 and 14) micelles. DNA was compacted and then insoluble DNA / CnDMAOH(+) complexes were formed. Because of the much higher critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the shorter chain length C10DMAOH(+), cationic C10DMAOH(+) micelles cannot form under the studied condition to compact DNA. The strategy may provide an efficient and alternative approach for stimuli-responsive gene therapy and drug release.
27539945	0	37	Thermo-reversible capture and release	T067	C1254366
27539945	41	44	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	48	72	zwitterionic surfactants	T120	C0038891
27539945	77	114	thermo-reversible capture and release	T067	C1254366
27539945	118	121	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	142	153	protonation	T067	C0178812
27539945	158	171	deprotonation	T067	C0599225
27539945	175	199	alkyldimethylamine oxide	T109	C0029224
27539945	201	207	CnDMAO	T109	C0029224
27539945	231	239	Tris-HCl	T130	C1254353
27539945	240	255	buffer solution	T130	C3190981
27539945	257	260	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	263	270	C14DMAO	T109	C0029224
27539945	274	282	Tris-HCl	T130	C1254353
27539945	283	298	buffer solution	T130	C3190981
27539945	304	306	pH	T081	C0020283
27539945	316	327	transparent	T080	C0522503
27539945	354	357	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	358	367	molecules	T167	C0567416
27539945	384	395	individuals	T098	C0237401
27539945	404	411	binding	T044	C1167622
27539945	415	422	C14DMAO	T109	C0029224
27539945	426	430	weak	T080	C1762617
27539945	441	449	increase	T169	C0442805
27539945	453	464	temperature	T081	C0039476
27539945	470	472	pH	T081	C0020283
27539945	480	495	buffer solution	T130	C3190981
27539945	509	518	decreases	T081	C0547047
27539945	535	546	protonation	T067	C0178812
27539945	550	557	C14DMAO	T109	C0029224
27539945	559	566	C14DMAO	T109	C0029224
27539945	569	573	H(+)	T196	C0033727
27539945	576	587	C14DMAOH(+)	T109	C0029224
27539945	604	629	increase of the turbidity	T033	C0301634
27539945	637	644	samples	T167	C0439861
27539945	672	679	binding	T044	C1167622
27539945	687	697	protonated	T067	C0178812
27539945	698	709	C14DMAOH(+)	T109	C0029224
27539945	713	716	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	758	767	formation	T169	C1522492
27539945	771	774	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	777	788	C14DMAOH(+)	T109	C0029224
27539945	789	798	complexes	T104	C1704241
27539945	823	826	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	827	836	molecules	T167	C0567416
27539945	853	862	compacted	T033	C1333134
27539945	881	887	UV-vis	T070	C1883416
27539945	881	899	UV-vis absorptions	T059	C0022885
27539945	901	919	circular dichroism	T059	C0008813
27539945	921	923	CD	T059	C0008813
27539945	925	937	measurements	T169	C0242485
27539945	939	962	atomic force microscopy	T059	C0242849
27539945	964	967	AFM	T059	C0242849
27539945	969	981	observations	T062	C0302523
27539945	983	1007	dynamic light scattering	T059	C1882368
27539945	1009	1012	DLS	T059	C1882368
27539945	1014	1026	measurements	T169	C0242485
27539945	1031	1058	agarose gel electrophoresis	T059	C0013856
27539945	1060	1063	AGE	T059	C0013856
27539945	1090	1101	temperature	T081	C0039476
27539945	1131	1140	compacted	T033	C1333134
27539945	1141	1144	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	1145	1154	molecules	T167	C0567416
27539945	1209	1214	cycle	T079	C1511572
27539945	1261	1265	loss	T081	C1517945
27539945	1269	1279	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27539945	1285	1294	effect of	T080	C1704420
27539945	1299	1311	chain length	T081	C0596310
27539945	1315	1321	CnDMAO	T109	C0029224
27539945	1355	1362	C14DMAO	T109	C0029224
27539945	1379	1386	C12DMAO	T109	C0029224
27539945	1396	1405	phenomena	T067	C1882365
27539945	1438	1444	higher	T080	C0205250
27539945	1445	1453	critical	T080	C1511545
27539945	1454	1464	surfactant	T120	C0038891
27539945	1465	1478	concentration	T081	C1446561
27539945	1483	1486	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	1487	1497	compaction	T033	C1333134
27539945	1513	1518	lower	T080	C0205251
27539945	1519	1521	pH	T081	C0020283
27539945	1525	1533	Tris-HCl	T130	C1254353
27539945	1534	1549	buffer solution	T130	C3190981
27539945	1555	1557	pH	T081	C0020283
27539945	1573	1576	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	1579	1586	C10DMAO	T109	C0029224
27539945	1607	1610	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	1611	1621	compaction	T033	C1333134
27539945	1643	1651	Tris-HCl	T130	C1254353
27539945	1652	1667	buffer solution	T130	C3190981
27539945	1680	1685	lower	T080	C0205251
27539945	1686	1688	pH	T081	C0020283
27539945	1700	1706	higher	T080	C0205250
27539945	1707	1714	C10DMAO	T109	C0029224
27539945	1715	1728	concentration	T081	C1446561
27539945	1734	1750	negative charges	T080	C2825491
27539945	1754	1757	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	1758	1767	molecules	T167	C0567416
27539945	1797	1813	positive charges	T080	C2825490
27539945	1817	1836	cationic CnDMAOH(+)	T109	C0029224
27539945	1853	1861	micelles	T109	C0025938
27539945	1863	1866	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	1871	1880	compacted	T033	C1333134
27539945	1900	1903	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	1906	1916	CnDMAOH(+)	T109	C0029224
27539945	1917	1926	complexes	T104	C1704241
27539945	1960	1966	higher	T080	C0205250
27539945	1967	1975	critical	T080	C1511545
27539945	1976	1983	micelle	T109	C0025938
27539945	1984	1997	concentration	T081	C1264643
27539945	1999	2002	cmc	T081	C1264643
27539945	2019	2031	chain length	T081	C0596310
27539945	2032	2043	C10DMAOH(+)	T109	C0029224
27539945	2045	2065	cationic C10DMAOH(+)	T109	C0029224
27539945	2066	2074	micelles	T109	C0025938
27539945	2118	2125	compact	T033	C1333134
27539945	2126	2129	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27539945	2159	2168	efficient	T080	C0442799
27539945	2173	2193	alternative approach	T061	C0679761
27539945	2198	2229	stimuli-responsive gene therapy	T061	C0017296
27539945	2234	2246	drug release	T070	C3850077

27539962|t|Effects of a novel phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor in non-human primates: A therapeutic approach for schizophrenia with improved side effect profile
27539962|a|Schizophrenia symptoms are associated with alterations in basal ganglia-cortical networks that include the cyclic nucleotides (cAMP / cGMP) signaling pathways. Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors have been considered as therapeutic agents for schizophrenia because the regulation of cAMP and cGMP in the striatum by PDE10A plays an important role in the signaling mechanisms of the striatal-cortical network, and thereby in cognitive function. In the present study we assessed in non-human primates (NHPs) the effects of a novel PDE10A inhibitor (FRM-6308) that has demonstrated high potency and selectivity for human recombinant PDE10A in vitro. The behavioral effects of FRM-6308 in a dose range were determined in rhesus monkeys using a standardized motor disability scale for primates, motor tasks, and the " drug effects on the nervous system" (DENS) scale. The neuronal metabolic effects of FRM-6308 were determined with [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging. Results showed that FRM-6308 did not have any specific effects on the motor system at s.c. doses up to 0.32 mg/kg in NHPs, which induced a significant increase in the FDG - SUV in striatum (F 16.069, p < 0.05) and cortical (F 15.181, p < 0.05) regions. Higher doses induced sedation and occasional involuntary movements with clear development of tolerance after repeated exposures. These findings suggest that FRM-6308 has the adequate pharmacological profile to advance testing in clinical trials and demonstrate antipsychotic efficacy of PDE10A inhibition for the treatment of schizophrenia patients.
27539962	19	50	phosphodiesterase 10A inhibitor	T121	C0031638
27539962	54	72	non-human primates	T015	C0237798
27539962	76	96	therapeutic approach	T169	C0039798
27539962	101	114	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27539962	129	148	side effect profile	T046	C0879626
27539962	149	162	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27539962	163	171	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27539962	176	191	associated with	T080	C0332281
27539962	192	238	alterations in basal ganglia-cortical networks	T047	C0004782
27539962	256	274	cyclic nucleotides	T114	C0028631
27539962	276	280	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27539962	283	287	cGMP	T114,T123	C0018338
27539962	289	307	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27539962	309	350	Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibitors	T121	C0031638
27539962	375	393	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
27539962	398	411	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27539962	424	442	regulation of cAMP	T044	C2613288
27539962	447	451	cGMP	T044	C2612051
27539962	459	467	striatum	T023	C0010097
27539962	471	477	PDE10A	T116,T126	C1447737
27539962	509	529	signaling mechanisms	T044	C0037080
27539962	537	562	striatal-cortical network	UnknownType	C0682726
27539962	579	597	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
27539962	635	653	non-human primates	T015	C0237798
27539962	655	659	NHPs	T015	C0237798
27539962	684	700	PDE10A inhibitor	T121	C0031638
27539962	702	710	FRM-6308	T121	C0031638
27539962	734	746	high potency	T121	C1656349
27539962	767	791	human recombinant PDE10A	T116,T126	C1447737
27539962	792	800	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27539962	806	824	behavioral effects	T033	C0243095
27539962	828	836	FRM-6308	T121	C0031638
27539962	842	852	dose range	T081	C0178602
27539962	872	886	rhesus monkeys	T015	C0024400
27539962	895	930	standardized motor disability scale	T033	C4228195
27539962	935	943	primates	T015	C0033147
27539962	945	956	motor tasks	T061	C0556033
27539962	968	1016	drug effects on the nervous system" (DENS) scale	UnknownType	C0678802
27539962	1022	1030	neuronal	T129	C0521390
27539962	1031	1048	metabolic effects	T039	C2945675
27539962	1052	1060	FRM-6308	T121	C0031638
27539962	1082	1120	[(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging	T060	C2315783
27539962	1142	1150	FRM-6308	T121	C0031638
27539962	1192	1204	motor system	UnknownType	C0682711
27539962	1208	1218	s.c. doses	T169	C0021499
27539962	1239	1243	NHPs	T015	C0237798
27539962	1289	1292	FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27539962	1295	1298	SUV	T081	C2348529
27539962	1302	1310	striatum	T023	C0010097
27539962	1336	1344	cortical	T029	C1181303
27539962	1375	1387	Higher doses	T081	C0444956
27539962	1396	1404	sedation	T033	C0235195
27539962	1409	1441	occasional involuntary movements	T184	C0427086
27539962	1468	1502	tolerance after repeated exposures	T033	C0743284
27539962	1532	1540	FRM-6308	T121	C0031638
27539962	1549	1581	adequate pharmacological profile	T061	C1320678
27539962	1604	1619	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27539962	1636	1658	antipsychotic efficacy	T039	C3179403
27539962	1662	1668	PDE10A	T116,T126	C1447737
27539962	1669	1679	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27539962	1688	1697	treatment	T169	C1522326
27539962	1701	1714	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27539962	1715	1723	patients	T101	C0030705

27540024|t|Collaborating for Systems Change: A Social Science Framework for Academic Roles in Community Partnerships
27540024|a|Environmental health researchers, government agencies, and community groups have endorsed long-term community - academic partnerships as an effective strategy to support science -based improvements in environmental health. Social sciences concepts, approaches, and methods are fundamental to these translational partnerships. However, appropriate roles for academic partners vary throughout the process of changing systems (policies, practices, programs, etc.). This can complicate planning, evaluating, and sustaining such partnerships. We set forth a conceptual framework for academic partners ' roles at different stages of systems change. We apply this framework to three longstanding academic - community partnerships involving National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Community Outreach and Engagement Cores. We conclude by discussing how the framework can help academic partners tap appropriate expertise, redefine their roles, and evaluate their contributions to community efforts to improve environmental health.
27540024	0	13	Collaborating	T054	C0282116
27540024	18	25	Systems	T169	C0449913
27540024	26	32	Change	T169	C0392747
27540024	36	60	Social Science Framework	T170	C0596159
27540024	65	79	Academic Roles	UnknownType	C0683838
27540024	83	105	Community Partnerships	T054	C0680453
27540024	106	126	Environmental health	T091	C0014413
27540024	127	138	researchers	T097	C0035173
27540024	140	159	government agencies	T092	C0018105
27540024	165	181	community groups	UnknownType	C0683986
27540024	206	215	community	T096	C0009462
27540024	218	226	academic	UnknownType	C0683838
27540024	227	239	partnerships	T092	C1711206
27540024	246	264	effective strategy	T041	C0679199
27540024	268	275	support	T077	C1521721
27540024	276	283	science	T090	C0036397
27540024	291	303	improvements	T077	C2986411
27540024	307	327	environmental health	T091	C0014413
27540024	329	344	Social sciences	T090	C0037434
27540024	345	353	concepts	T078	C0178566
27540024	355	365	approaches	T078	C1254370
27540024	371	378	methods	T170	C0025663
27540024	404	430	translational partnerships	T092	C1711206
27540024	441	452	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27540024	453	458	roles	T078	C0086939
27540024	463	471	academic	UnknownType	C0683838
27540024	472	480	partners	T098	C3887537
27540024	501	508	process	T067	C1522240
27540024	512	520	changing	T169	C0392747
27540024	521	528	systems	T169	C0449913
27540024	530	538	policies	T170	C0242456
27540024	540	549	practices	T057	C0033284
27540024	551	559	programs	T169	C3484370
27540024	588	596	planning	T170	C0086960
27540024	598	608	evaluating	T078	C1550157
27540024	614	624	sustaining	T169	C0443318
27540024	630	642	partnerships	T092	C1711206
27540024	659	679	conceptual framework	T078	C1254370
27540024	684	692	academic	UnknownType	C0683838
27540024	693	701	partners	T098	C3887537
27540024	713	729	different stages	T079	C1306673
27540024	733	740	systems	T169	C0449913
27540024	741	747	change	T169	C0392747
27540024	763	772	framework	T078	C1254370
27540024	795	803	academic	UnknownType	C0683838
27540024	806	815	community	T096	C0009462
27540024	816	828	partnerships	T092	C1711206
27540024	839	890	National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences	T093	C1955979
27540024	891	930	Community Outreach and Engagement Cores	T097	C1522486
27540024	966	975	framework	T078	C1254370
27540024	985	993	academic	UnknownType	C0683838
27540024	994	1002	partners	T098	C3887537
27540024	1007	1018	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27540024	1019	1028	expertise	T080	C0870520
27540024	1088	1097	community	T096	C0009462
27540024	1109	1116	improve	T033	C0184511
27540024	1117	1137	environmental health	T091	C0014413

27540584|t|A novel mechanical simulator for cannulation and sphincterotomy after Billroth II or Roux-en-Y reconstruction
27540584|a|In patients with Billroth II (B II) or Roux-en-Y anatomy, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is demanding. Here, we describe a novel simulator with simulated fluoroscopy for cannulation and sphincterotomy training in such situations. A custom-made simulation system was built based upon a common chassis of a series of previously described ERCP simulators. The papilla is made out of organic material and can be cut by high frequency current. The advancement of guidewires and other instruments within transparent mock bile ducts can be viewed in the window of the simulator without the need for fluoroscopy. The ERCP B II / Roux-en-Y simulation system was first evaluated during an ERCP course. There were no technical problems related to the novel simulator during the course. After sphincterotomy, the organic papillae could easily be exchanged within a few seconds. Overall, the novel B II / Roux-en-Y simulator achieved favorable results by trainees and expert endoscopists in all categories assessed. The new B II / Roux-en-Y mechanical simulator is simple and practicable. A first evaluation during an ERCP course showed promising results.
27540584	2	7	novel	T080	C0205314
27540584	8	28	mechanical simulator	T074	C0183309
27540584	33	44	cannulation	T061	C0917707
27540584	49	63	sphincterotomy	T061	C0748895
27540584	70	81	Billroth II	T061	C0192444
27540584	85	109	Roux-en-Y reconstruction	T061	C0372024
27540584	113	121	patients	T101	C0030705
27540584	127	138	Billroth II	T061	C0192444
27540584	140	144	B II	T061	C0192444
27540584	149	158	Roux-en-Y	T061	C0372024
27540584	159	166	anatomy	T017	C0700276
27540584	168	214	endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography	T060	C0008310
27540584	216	220	ERCP	T060	C0008310
27540584	256	261	novel	T080	C0205314
27540584	262	271	simulator	T074	C0183309
27540584	277	286	simulated	T062	C0679083
27540584	287	298	fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
27540584	303	314	cannulation	T061	C0917707
27540584	319	333	sphincterotomy	T061	C0748895
27540584	334	342	training	T065	C0220931
27540584	377	394	simulation system	T074	C4075558
27540584	399	404	built	T052	C1706853
27540584	418	424	common	T081	C0205214
27540584	425	432	chassis	T073	C1707356
27540584	438	444	series	T081	C0205549
27540584	448	458	previously	T079	C0205156
27540584	469	473	ERCP	T060	C0008310
27540584	474	484	simulators	T074	C0183309
27540584	490	497	papilla	T023	C3714556
27540584	513	520	organic	T080	C0747055
27540584	521	529	material	T167	C0520510
27540584	541	544	cut	T067	C1883724
27540584	548	562	high frequency	T079	C0205212
27540584	563	570	current	T070	C1705970
27540584	576	587	advancement	T169	C1280477
27540584	591	601	guidewires	T073	C1708264
27540584	612	623	instruments	T074	C0348000
27540584	631	642	transparent	T080	C0522503
27540584	648	658	bile ducts	T023	C0005400
27540584	680	686	window	T073	C1704674
27540584	694	703	simulator	T074	C0183309
27540584	725	736	fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
27540584	742	746	ERCP	T060	C0008310
27540584	747	751	B II	T061	C0192444
27540584	754	763	Roux-en-Y	T061	C0372024
27540584	764	781	simulation system	T074	C4075558
27540584	792	801	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27540584	812	816	ERCP	T060	C0008310
27540584	817	823	course	T079	C0750729
27540584	839	857	technical problems	T067	C1710348
27540584	873	878	novel	T080	C0205314
27540584	879	888	simulator	T074	C0183309
27540584	900	906	course	T079	C0750729
27540584	914	928	sphincterotomy	T061	C0748895
27540584	934	941	organic	T080	C0747055
27540584	942	950	papillae	T023	C3714556
27540584	967	976	exchanged	T169	C0205245
27540584	990	997	seconds	T079	C0457385
27540584	1012	1017	novel	T080	C0205314
27540584	1018	1022	B II	T061	C0192444
27540584	1025	1034	Roux-en-Y	T061	C0372024
27540584	1035	1044	simulator	T074	C0183309
27540584	1054	1063	favorable	T080	C3640814
27540584	1064	1071	results	T169	C1274040
27540584	1075	1083	trainees	T097	C1522486
27540584	1088	1094	expert	T097	C1611835
27540584	1095	1107	endoscopists	T097	C1522486
27540584	1115	1125	categories	T170	C0683312
27540584	1126	1134	assessed	T052	C1516048
27540584	1144	1148	B II	T061	C0192444
27540584	1151	1160	Roux-en-Y	T061	C0372024
27540584	1161	1181	mechanical simulator	T074	C0183309
27540584	1185	1191	simple	T080	C0205352
27540584	1196	1207	practicable	T080	C0205556
27540584	1217	1227	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27540584	1238	1242	ERCP	T060	C0008310
27540584	1243	1249	course	T079	C0750729
27540584	1267	1274	results	T169	C1274040

27541815|t|Agglomeration of Luminescent Porous Silicon Nanoparticles in Colloidal Solutions
27541815|a|We have prepared colloidal solutions of clusters composed from porous silicon nanoparticles in methanol, water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Even if the size of the nanoclusters is between 60 and 500 nm, due to their highly porous "cauliflower"-like structure, the porous silicon nanoparticles are composed of interconnected nanocrystals having around 2.5 nm in size and showing strong visible luminescence in the orange - red spectral region (centred at 600-700 nm). Hydrophilic behaviour and good solubility of the nanoclusters in water and water - based solutions were obtained by adding hydrogen peroxide into the etching solution during preparation and 16 min long after-bath in hydrogen peroxide. By simple filtration of the solutions with syringe filters, we have extracted smaller nanoclusters with sizes of approx. 60-70 nm; however, these nanoclusters in water and PBS solution (pH neutral) are prone to agglomeration, as was confirmed by zeta potential measurements. When the samples were left at ambient conditions for several weeks, the typical nanocluster size increased to approx. 330-400 nm and then remained stable. However, both freshly filtered and aged samples (with agglomerated porous silicon nanoparticles) of porous silicon in water and PBS solutions can be further used for biological studies or as luminescent markers in living cells.
27541815	0	13	Agglomeration	T081	C1704332
27541815	17	28	Luminescent	T070	C1450275
27541815	29	35	Porous	T082	C1881977
27541815	36	43	Silicon	T196	C0037107
27541815	44	57	Nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27541815	61	80	Colloidal Solutions	T122	C0009361
27541815	89	97	prepared	T033	C4082130
27541815	98	117	colloidal solutions	T122	C0009361
27541815	121	129	clusters	T081	C1704332
27541815	144	150	porous	T082	C1881977
27541815	151	158	silicon	T196	C0037107
27541815	159	172	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27541815	176	184	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27541815	186	191	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27541815	196	221	phosphate-buffered saline	T167	C0036082
27541815	223	226	PBS	T167	C0036082
27541815	241	245	size	T082	C0456389
27541815	253	265	nanoclusters	T081	C1704332
27541815	305	311	highly	T080	C0205250
27541815	312	318	porous	T082	C1881977
27541815	319	347	"cauliflower"-like structure	T082	C0678594
27541815	353	359	porous	T082	C1881977
27541815	360	367	silicon	T196	C0037107
27541815	368	381	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27541815	398	412	interconnected	T082	C0449379
27541815	413	425	nanocrystals	T073	C1721058
27541815	450	454	size	T082	C0456389
27541815	467	473	strong	T080	C0442821
27541815	474	481	visible	T080	C0205379
27541815	482	494	luminescence	T070	C1450275
27541815	502	508	orange	T080	C1313858
27541815	511	514	red	T080	C1260956
27541815	515	523	spectral	T077	C2827424
27541815	524	530	region	T082	C0205147
27541815	556	577	Hydrophilic behaviour	T080	C0475370
27541815	582	586	good	T080	C0205170
27541815	587	597	solubility	T080	C0037628
27541815	605	617	nanoclusters	T081	C1704332
27541815	621	626	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27541815	631	636	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27541815	639	644	based	T078	C1705938
27541815	645	654	solutions	T167	C0037633
27541815	660	668	obtained	T169	C1301820
27541815	679	696	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27541815	706	713	etching	T070	C2350458
27541815	714	722	solution	T167	C0037633
27541815	730	741	preparation	T052	C1521827
27541815	758	768	after-bath	T169	C1549544
27541815	772	789	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27541815	794	800	simple	T080	C0205352
27541815	801	811	filtration	T068	C0016107
27541815	819	828	solutions	T167	C0037633
27541815	834	849	syringe filters	T074	C0180875
27541815	859	868	extracted	T080	C0849355
27541815	869	876	smaller	T081	C0700321
27541815	877	889	nanoclusters	T081	C1704332
27541815	895	900	sizes	T082	C0456389
27541815	904	910	approx	T080	C0332232
27541815	937	949	nanoclusters	T081	C1704332
27541815	953	958	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27541815	963	975	PBS solution	T167	C0036082
27541815	977	987	pH neutral	T080	C1882074
27541815	993	998	prone	T169	C0231204
27541815	1002	1015	agglomeration	T081	C1704332
27541815	1024	1033	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27541815	1037	1051	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
27541815	1052	1064	measurements	T169	C0242485
27541815	1075	1082	samples	T167	C0370003
27541815	1096	1114	ambient conditions	T080	C1879688
27541815	1119	1126	several	T081	C0443302
27541815	1138	1145	typical	T080	C3538928
27541815	1146	1157	nanocluster	T081	C1704332
27541815	1158	1162	size	T082	C0456389
27541815	1163	1172	increased	T081	C0205217
27541815	1176	1182	approx	T080	C0332232
27541815	1213	1219	stable	T080	C0205360
27541815	1235	1242	freshly	T080	C0443224
27541815	1243	1251	filtered	T077	C1704449
27541815	1256	1260	aged	T079	C2362314
27541815	1261	1268	samples	T167	C0370003
27541815	1275	1287	agglomerated	T081	C1704332
27541815	1288	1294	porous	T082	C1881977
27541815	1295	1302	silicon	T196	C0037107
27541815	1303	1316	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27541815	1321	1327	porous	T082	C1881977
27541815	1328	1335	silicon	T196	C0037107
27541815	1339	1344	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27541815	1349	1362	PBS solutions	T167	C0036082
27541815	1387	1397	biological	T080	C0205460
27541815	1398	1405	studies	T062	C2603343
27541815	1412	1423	luminescent	T070	C1450275
27541815	1424	1431	markers	T201	C0005516
27541815	1435	1447	living cells	T025	C0007634

27542164|t|7-Hydroxytropolone produced and utilized as an iron - scavenger by Pseudomonas donghuensis
27542164|a|Pseudomonas donghuensis can excrete large quantities of iron chelating substances in iron-restricted environments. At least two kinds of iron - chelator can be found in the culture supernatant: fluorescent siderophores pyoverdins, and an ethyl acetate -extractable non-fluorescent substance. The non-fluorescent substance was the dominant contributor to the iron chelating activity of the culture supernatant of P. donghuensis. Electron ionization mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy identified the non-fluorescent iron - chelator as 7-hydroxytropolone. The stoichiometry of 7-hydroxytropolone ferric complex was determined to be 2:1 by the continuous variation method. The production of 7-hydroxytropolone was repressible by iron in the medium. Moreover, the inhibited growth of doubly siderophore-deficient strain of P. donghuensis under iron-limiting conditions could be partly restored by 7-hydroxytropolone. Thus, 7-hydroxytropolone was considered to play a previously undiscovered role as an iron - scavenger for P. donghuensis.
27542164	0	18	7-Hydroxytropolone	T109	C0049915
27542164	47	51	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27542164	54	63	scavenger	T120	C1254355
27542164	67	90	Pseudomonas donghuensis	T007	C0033808
27542164	91	114	Pseudomonas donghuensis	T007	C0033808
27542164	119	126	excrete	T039	C0221102
27542164	133	143	quantities	T081	C1265611
27542164	147	172	iron chelating substances	T109,T121,T130	C0022086
27542164	176	191	iron-restricted	T080	C0205556
27542164	192	204	environments	T082	C0014406
27542164	228	232	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27542164	235	243	chelator	T121,T130	C0007974
27542164	264	283	culture supernatant	T031	C1550101
27542164	285	309	fluorescent siderophores	T109,T123	C0142281
27542164	310	320	pyoverdins	T116,T123	C0072646
27542164	329	342	ethyl acetate	T109,T121	C0059747
27542164	356	381	non-fluorescent substance	T167	C0439861
27542164	387	412	non-fluorescent substance	T167	C0439861
27542164	421	429	dominant	T169	C1527180
27542164	449	472	iron chelating activity	T044	C2757050
27542164	480	499	culture supernatant	T031	C1550101
27542164	503	517	P. donghuensis	T007	C0033808
27542164	519	556	Electron ionization mass spectrometry	UnknownType	C0260255
27542164	558	574	NMR spectroscopy	T060	C0877853
27542164	580	595	IR spectroscopy	T059	C0260249
27542164	611	626	non-fluorescent	T080	C0205556
27542164	627	631	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27542164	634	642	chelator	T121,T130	C0007974
27542164	646	664	7-hydroxytropolone	T109	C0049915
27542164	670	683	stoichiometry	T081	C0597526
27542164	687	705	7-hydroxytropolone	T109	C0049915
27542164	706	720	ferric complex	T104	C1704241
27542164	753	780	continuous variation method	T170	C0025663
27542164	800	818	7-hydroxytropolone	T109	C0049915
27542164	838	842	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27542164	850	856	medium	T130	C0010454
27542164	872	888	inhibited growth	T040	C0018270
27542164	899	920	siderophore-deficient	T080	C0205556
27542164	921	927	strain	T001	C1518614
27542164	931	945	P. donghuensis	T007	C0033808
27542164	952	976	iron-limiting conditions	T080	C0205556
27542164	986	1001	partly restored	T061	C1283255
27542164	1005	1023	7-hydroxytropolone	T109	C0049915
27542164	1031	1049	7-hydroxytropolone	T109	C0049915
27542164	1054	1064	considered	T078	C0750591
27542164	1110	1114	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27542164	1117	1126	scavenger	T120	C1254355
27542164	1131	1145	P. donghuensis	T007	C0033808

27542380|t|A thermophilic -like ene-reductase originating from an acidophilic iron oxidizer
27542380|a|Ene-reductases originating from extremophiles are gaining importance in the field of biocatalysis due to higher - stability properties. The genome of the acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium " Ferrovum" sp. JA12 was found to harbor a thermophilic -like ene-reductase (FOYE-1). The foye-1 gene was ligated into a pET16bp expression vector system, and the enzyme was produced in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3; pLysS) cells in yields of 10 mg L(-1). FOYE-1 showed remarkable activity and rates on N-phenylmaleimide and N-phenyl-2-methylmaleimide (up to 89 U mg(-1), >97 % conversion, 95 % (R)-selective) with both nicotinamide cofactors, NADPH and NADH. The catalytic efficiency with NADPH was 27 times higher compared to NADH. At the temperature maximum (50 °C) and pH optimum (6.5), activity was almost doubled to 160 U mg(-1). These findings accomplish FOYE-1 for a valuable biocatalyst in the synthesis of succinimides. The appearance of a thermophilic -like ene-reductase in an acidic habitat is discussed with respect to its phylogenetic placement and to the genomic neighborhood of the encoding gene, awarding FOYE-1 a putative involvement in a quorum-sensing process.
27542380	2	14	thermophilic	T001	C0597570
27542380	21	34	ene-reductase	T116,T126	C0030016
27542380	55	66	acidophilic	T169	C0333931
27542380	67	80	iron oxidizer	T007	C0004611
27542380	81	95	Ene-reductases	T116,T126	C0030016
27542380	113	126	extremophiles	T001	C4277715
27542380	166	178	biocatalysis	T070	C2350294
27542380	186	192	higher	T080	C0205250
27542380	195	204	stability	T080	C0205360
27542380	205	215	properties	T080	C0871161
27542380	221	227	genome	T028	C0017428
27542380	235	246	acidophilic	T169	C0333931
27542380	247	271	iron-oxidizing bacterium	T007	C0004611
27542380	274	292	Ferrovum" sp. JA12	T007	C3908921
27542380	315	327	thermophilic	T001	C0597570
27542380	334	347	ene-reductase	T116,T126	C0030016
27542380	349	355	FOYE-1	T116,T126	C0030016
27542380	362	373	foye-1 gene	T028	C0017337
27542380	393	400	pET16bp	T114,T123	C0032136
27542380	401	411	expression	T045	C0017262
27542380	412	425	vector system	T114	C0017397
27542380	435	441	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27542380	458	474	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27542380	475	498	BL21 (DE3; pLysS) cells	T025	C0007634
27542380	525	531	FOYE-1	T116,T126	C0030016
27542380	550	558	activity	T044	C0243102
27542380	563	568	rates	T081	C1521828
27542380	572	589	N-phenylmaleimide	T109	C0068268
27542380	594	620	N-phenyl-2-methylmaleimide	T109	C0029224
27542380	647	657	conversion	T169	C0439836
27542380	689	711	nicotinamide cofactors	T109,T123	C0009235
27542380	713	718	NADPH	T114,T123	C0027303
27542380	723	727	NADH	T114,T121,T123	C0027289
27542380	733	742	catalytic	T070	C0007382
27542380	743	753	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27542380	759	764	NADPH	T114,T123	C0027303
27542380	778	784	higher	T080	C0205250
27542380	797	801	NADH	T114,T121,T123	C0027289
27542380	810	821	temperature	T081	C0039476
27542380	822	829	maximum	T081	C0806909
27542380	842	852	pH optimum	T081	C0020283
27542380	860	868	activity	T044	C0243102
27542380	880	887	doubled	T052	C1705764
27542380	911	919	findings	T033	C0243095
27542380	931	937	FOYE-1	T116,T126	C0030016
27542380	953	964	biocatalyst	T067	C0175921
27542380	972	981	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27542380	985	997	succinimides	T109,T121	C0038623
27542380	1019	1031	thermophilic	T001	C0597570
27542380	1038	1051	ene-reductase	T116,T126	C0030016
27542380	1058	1072	acidic habitat	T082	C0871648
27542380	1140	1147	genomic	T028	C0017428
27542380	1148	1160	neighborhood	T082	C0014406
27542380	1168	1176	encoding	T052	C2700640
27542380	1177	1181	gene	T028	C0017337
27542380	1192	1198	FOYE-1	T116,T126	C0030016
27542380	1227	1241	quorum-sensing	T043	C1154599

27542694|t|Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantitative analysis of trace d-amino acids
27542694|a|d-Amino acids have recently attracted much attention in various research fields including medical, clinical and food industry due to their important biological functions that differ from l-amino acid. Most chiral amino acid separation techniques require complicated derivatization procedures in order to achieve the desirable chromatographic behavior and detectability. Thus, the aim of this research is to develop a highly sensitive analytical method for the enantioseparation of chiral amino acids without any derivatization process using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). By optimizing MS/MS parameters, we established a quantification method that allowed the simultaneous analysis of 18 d-amino acids with high sensitivity and reproducibility. Additionally, we applied the method to food sample (vinegar) for the validation, and successfully quantified trace levels of d-amino acids in samples. These results demonstrated the applicability and feasibility of the LC-MS/MS method as a novel, effective tool for d-amino acid measurement in various biological samples.
27542694	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
27542694	17	63	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
27542694	64	70	method	T169	C0449851
27542694	75	96	quantitative analysis	UnknownType	C0681919
27542694	100	105	trace	T081	C0442822
27542694	106	119	d-amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27542694	120	133	d-Amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27542694	139	147	recently	T079	C0332185
27542694	163	172	attention	T041	C0004268
27542694	184	199	research fields	T062	C0242481
27542694	200	209	including	T169	C0332257
27542694	210	217	medical	T169	C0205476
27542694	219	227	clinical	T080	C0205210
27542694	232	245	food industry	T057	C0524863
27542694	259	268	important	T080	C3898777
27542694	269	289	biological functions	T038	C3714634
27542694	307	319	l-amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27542694	326	332	chiral	T067	C3539649
27542694	333	343	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27542694	344	354	separation	T059	C1441514
27542694	355	365	techniques	T169	C0449851
27542694	366	373	require	T169	C1514873
27542694	374	385	complicated	T169	C0231242
27542694	386	400	derivatization	T067	C0596319
27542694	401	411	procedures	T169	C0025664
27542694	436	445	desirable	T080	C0205556
27542694	446	461	chromatographic	T080	C0205556
27542694	475	488	detectability	T033	C0442726
27542694	500	503	aim	T078	C1947946
27542694	512	520	research	T062	C0035168
27542694	527	534	develop	T169	C1527148
27542694	537	553	highly sensitive	T080	C0439822
27542694	554	571	analytical method	T170	C0178476
27542694	580	597	enantioseparation	T059	C1441514
27542694	601	607	chiral	T067	C3539649
27542694	608	619	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27542694	632	646	derivatization	T067	C0596319
27542694	647	654	process	T067	C1522240
27542694	661	707	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
27542694	709	717	LC-MS/MS	T059	C4049918
27542694	723	733	optimizing	T052	C2698650
27542694	734	739	MS/MS	T059	C2123592
27542694	740	750	parameters	T077	C0549193
27542694	755	766	established	T080	C0443211
27542694	769	783	quantification	T081	C1709793
27542694	784	790	method	T169	C0449851
27542694	808	820	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27542694	821	829	analysis	T062	C0936012
27542694	836	849	d-amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27542694	855	871	high sensitivity	T067	C2346484
27542694	876	891	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27542694	910	917	applied	T169	C4048755
27542694	922	928	method	T169	C0449851
27542694	932	943	food sample	T167	C0444315
27542694	945	952	vinegar	T109,T121,T130	C0148405
27542694	962	972	validation	T062	C1519941
27542694	991	1001	quantified	T081	C1709793
27542694	1002	1014	trace levels	T081	C0442822
27542694	1018	1031	d-amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27542694	1035	1042	samples	T167	C0370003
27542694	1050	1057	results	T034	C0456984
27542694	1075	1088	applicability	T080	C1706839
27542694	1093	1104	feasibility	T080	C0205556
27542694	1112	1120	LC-MS/MS	T059	C4049918
27542694	1121	1127	method	T169	C0449851
27542694	1133	1138	novel	T080	C0205314
27542694	1140	1149	effective	T080	C1704419
27542694	1159	1171	d-amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27542694	1172	1183	measurement	T169	C0242485
27542694	1195	1213	biological samples	T077	C2347026

27542782|t|The Multi-center Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Contrast MEdium INduced Pd/Pa RaTiO in Predicting FFR (MEMENTO - FFR) Study
27542782|a|Adenosine administration is needed for the achievement of maximal hyperaemia fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment. The objective was to test the accuracy of Pd / Pa ratio registered during submaximal hyperaemia induced by non-ionic contrast medium (contrast FFR [cFFR]) in predicting FFR and comparing it to the performance of resting Pd / Pa in a collaborative registry of 926 patients enrolled in 10 hospitals from four European countries (Italy, Spain, France and Portugal). Resting Pd / Pa, cFFR and FFR were measured in 1,026 coronary stenoses functionally evaluated using commercially available pressure wires. cFFR was obtained after intracoronary injection of contrast medium, while FFR was measured after administration of adenosine. Resting Pd / Pa and cFFR were significantly higher than FFR (0.93±0.05 vs. 0.87±0.08 vs. 0.84±0.08, p<0.001). A strong correlation and a close agreement at Bland-Altman analysis between cFFR and FFR were observed (r=0.90, p<0.001 and 95% CI of disagreement: from -0.042 to 0.11). ROC curve analysis showed an excellent accuracy (89%) of the cFFR cut-off of ≤0.85 in predicting an FFR value ≤0.80 (AUC 0.95 [95% CI: 0.94-0.96]), significantly better than that observed using resting Pd / Pa (AUC: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.88-0.91; p<0.001). A cFFR / FFR hybrid approach showed a significantly lower number of lesions requiring adenosine than a resting Pd / Pa / FFR hybrid approach (22% vs. 44%, p<0.0001). cFFR is accurate in predicting the functional significance of coronary stenosis. This could allow limiting the use of adenosine to obtain FFR to a minority of stenoses with considerable savings of time and costs.
27542782	4	86	Multi-center Evaluation of the Accuracy of the Contrast MEdium INduced Pd/Pa RaTiO	T170	C0282574
27542782	101	104	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	106	113	MEMENTO	T170	C0282574
27542782	116	119	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	121	126	Study	T062	C2603343
27542782	127	136	Adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27542782	137	151	administration	T061	C1533734
27542782	185	192	maximal	T080	C0205289
27542782	193	203	hyperaemia	T047	C0020452
27542782	204	227	fractional flow reserve	T201	C1299469
27542782	229	232	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	234	244	assessment	T058	C0220825
27542782	276	284	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27542782	288	290	Pd	T034	C1254360
27542782	293	295	Pa	T034	C0456180
27542782	296	301	ratio	T081	C0456603
27542782	320	330	submaximal	T080	C0205556
27542782	331	341	hyperaemia	T047	C0020452
27542782	353	378	non-ionic contrast medium	T130	C1875544
27542782	380	392	contrast FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	394	398	cFFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	415	418	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	458	465	resting	T033	C0679218
27542782	466	468	Pd	T034	C1254360
27542782	471	473	Pa	T034	C0456180
27542782	479	492	collaborative	T062	C0681804
27542782	509	517	patients	T101	C0030705
27542782	533	542	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27542782	548	552	four	T081	C0205450
27542782	553	571	European countries	UnknownType	C0681784
27542782	573	578	Italy	T083	C0022277
27542782	580	585	Spain	T083	C0037747
27542782	587	593	France	T083	C0016674
27542782	598	606	Portugal	T083	C0032729
27542782	609	616	Resting	T033	C0679218
27542782	617	619	Pd	T034	C1254360
27542782	622	624	Pa	T034	C0456180
27542782	626	630	cFFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	635	638	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	662	679	coronary stenoses	T047	C0242231
27542782	680	692	functionally	T169	C0205245
27542782	732	746	pressure wires	T074	C0025080
27542782	748	752	cFFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	772	795	intracoronary injection	T169	C1554869
27542782	799	814	contrast medium	T130	C0009924
27542782	822	825	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	845	859	administration	T061	C1533734
27542782	863	872	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27542782	874	881	Resting	T033	C0679218
27542782	882	884	Pd	T034	C1254360
27542782	887	889	Pa	T034	C0456180
27542782	894	898	cFFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	918	924	higher	T080	C0205250
27542782	930	933	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	993	1004	correlation	T080	C1707520
27542782	1030	1051	Bland-Altman analysis	T170	C0282574
27542782	1060	1064	cFFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	1069	1072	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	1112	1114	CI	T081	C0009667
27542782	1154	1163	ROC curve	T081	C0035787
27542782	1164	1172	analysis	T062	C0936012
27542782	1193	1201	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27542782	1215	1219	cFFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	1254	1257	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	1285	1287	CI	T081	C0009667
27542782	1348	1355	resting	T033	C0679218
27542782	1356	1358	Pd	T034	C1254360
27542782	1361	1363	Pa	T034	C0456180
27542782	1380	1382	CI	T081	C0009667
27542782	1407	1411	cFFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	1414	1417	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	1418	1433	hybrid approach	T170	C0282574
27542782	1457	1462	lower	T080	C0205251
27542782	1473	1480	lesions	T033	C0221198
27542782	1491	1500	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27542782	1508	1515	resting	T033	C0679218
27542782	1516	1518	Pd	T034	C1254360
27542782	1521	1523	Pa	T034	C0456180
27542782	1526	1529	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	1530	1545	hybrid approach	T170	C0282574
27542782	1571	1575	cFFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	1579	1587	accurate	T080	C0443131
27542782	1606	1616	functional	T169	C0205245
27542782	1633	1650	coronary stenosis	T047	C0242231
27542782	1689	1698	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27542782	1709	1712	FFR	T201	C1299469
27542782	1730	1738	stenoses	T046	C1261287
27542782	1768	1772	time	T079	C0040223
27542782	1777	1782	costs	T081	C0010186

27542789|t|Transfemoral aortic valve implantation with the repositionable Lotus valve for treatment of patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis: results from a single-centre experience
27542789|a|The aim of the study was to evaluate the procedural and 30- day results for the repositionable Lotus valve in patients undergoing transfemoral aortic valve implantation in a single-centre experience. We prospectively enrolled 110 patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (NCT02162069). All procedures were performed without general anaesthesia by the transfemoral approach. Patients were followed for 30 days. Patients received the 23 mm (n=20), 25 mm (n=43) or 27 mm (n=47) Lotus device. Mean oversizing in relation to annulus or left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) did not differ among groups. There was no residual moderate or severe aortic regurgitation. The rate of mild aortic regurgitation was low at 9.1%. There was no valve embolisation, no need for a second valve and no conversion to surgery. The need for a new pacemaker implantation due to complete (third degree) or type II (Mobitz) second degree atrioventricular block was 24.1%, excluding patients with previously implanted devices. Within 30 days the rates of all-cause mortalit y and stroke were low. In patients with severe aortic stenosis, transfemoral TAVI with the repositionable Lotus valve was associated with a high rate of device success, no moderate or severe residual aortic regurgitation, low rates of major vascular complications and mortality within 30 days.
27542789	0	38	Transfemoral aortic valve implantation	T061	C0021107
27542789	48	74	repositionable Lotus valve	T074	C0184252
27542789	79	88	treatment	T061	C0087111
27542789	92	100	patients	T101	C0030705
27542789	106	117	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27542789	118	124	severe	T080	C0205082
27542789	125	140	aortic stenosis	T047	C0003507
27542789	142	149	results	T169	C1274040
27542789	157	181	single-centre experience	T041	C0237607
27542789	197	202	study	T062	C2603343
27542789	210	218	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27542789	242	245	day	T079	C0439228
27542789	246	253	results	T169	C1274040
27542789	262	288	repositionable Lotus valve	T074	C0184252
27542789	292	300	patients	T101	C0030705
27542789	312	350	transfemoral aortic valve implantation	T061	C0021107
27542789	356	380	single-centre experience	T041	C0237607
27542789	412	420	patients	T101	C0030705
27542789	426	432	severe	T080	C0205082
27542789	433	444	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27542789	445	460	aortic stenosis	T047	C0003507
27542789	462	473	NCT02162069	T170	C3274381
27542789	480	490	procedures	T169	C2700391
27542789	514	533	general anaesthesia	T061	C0002915
27542789	541	562	transfemoral approach	T061	C0087111
27542789	564	572	Patients	T101	C0030705
27542789	594	598	days	T079	C0439228
27542789	600	608	Patients	T101	C0030705
27542789	609	617	received	T080	C1514756
27542789	665	677	Lotus device	T074	C0184252
27542789	679	694	Mean oversizing	T081	C0392762
27542789	710	717	annulus	T026	C2262860
27542789	721	751	left ventricular outflow tract	T023	C4284103
27542789	753	757	LVOT	T023	C4284103
27542789	780	786	groups	T078	C0441833
27542789	798	809	no residual	UnknownType	C0746917
27542789	810	818	moderate	T080	C0205081
27542789	822	828	severe	T080	C0205082
27542789	829	849	aortic regurgitation	T047	C0003504
27542789	855	888	rate of mild aortic regurgitation	T081	C0392762
27542789	868	888	aortic regurgitation	T047	C0003504
27542789	919	924	valve	T023	C0003501
27542789	925	937	embolisation	T061	C0190360
27542789	953	959	second	T081	C0205436
27542789	960	965	valve	T023	C0003501
27542789	970	983	no conversion	T033	C0243095
27542789	987	994	surgery	T061	C0543467
27542789	1015	1037	pacemaker implantation	T061	C0189842
27542789	1045	1053	complete	T047	C0151517
27542789	1055	1067	third degree	T047	C0151517
27542789	1072	1125	type II (Mobitz) second degree atrioventricular block	T047	C0155700
27542789	1147	1155	patients	T101	C0030705
27542789	1172	1189	implanted devices	T061	C0948629
27542789	1201	1205	days	T079	C0439228
27542789	1210	1215	rates	T081	C1521828
27542789	1219	1237	all-cause mortalit	T081	C0205848
27542789	1244	1250	stroke	T047	C0038454
27542789	1256	1259	low	T080	C0205251
27542789	1264	1272	patients	T101	C0030705
27542789	1278	1284	severe	T080	C0205082
27542789	1285	1300	aortic stenosis	T047	C0003507
27542789	1302	1319	transfemoral TAVI	T061	C3509486
27542789	1329	1355	repositionable Lotus valve	T074	C0184252
27542789	1360	1375	associated with	T080	C0332281
27542789	1378	1382	high	T080	C0205250
27542789	1383	1387	rate	T081	C1521828
27542789	1391	1397	device	T074	C0025080
27542789	1398	1405	success	T080	C0679864
27542789	1410	1418	moderate	T080	C0205081
27542789	1422	1428	severe	T080	C0205082
27542789	1429	1437	residual	T080	C1609982
27542789	1438	1458	aortic regurgitation	T047	C0003504
27542789	1460	1463	low	T080	C0205251
27542789	1464	1469	rates	T081	C1521828
27542789	1473	1478	major	T080	C0205164
27542789	1479	1501	vascular complications	T047	C1393529
27542789	1506	1515	mortality	T081	C0205848
27542789	1526	1530	days	T079	C0439228

27542814|t|A Comparison Between Measured Concentration of 3H in Kalpakkam Environment with Predicted Atmospheric Dispersion Model
27542814|a|The field measurements of 3H in the form of HTO present in air moisture carried out around Madras Atomic Power Station were compared with predicted values using atmospheric dispersion modeling. Air 3H samples were collected from different sectors at the site boundary of the operating reactors for the period of 2 y and compared with Gaussian Plume model. The predictions were comparable with the measured value. The slight variation observed between the two methods is attributed to the uncertainty involved in the measurement of air 3H concentration and in the measurement of site-specific meteorological parameters. The radiation dose imparted to members of public due to the levels observed is well within station technical specification limit for 3H.
27542814	2	12	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27542814	21	29	Measured	T080	C0444706
27542814	30	43	Concentration	T081	C0457929
27542814	47	49	3H	T196	C0041119
27542814	53	74	Kalpakkam Environment	UnknownType	C0681784
27542814	80	118	Predicted Atmospheric Dispersion Model	T075	C0026336
27542814	123	128	field	T082	C3539073
27542814	129	141	measurements	T169	C0242485
27542814	145	147	3H	T196	C0041119
27542814	163	166	HTO	T197	C0077315
27542814	178	181	air	T070	C0935443
27542814	182	190	moisture	T167	C0868994
27542814	210	237	Madras Atomic Power Station	T073	C0562516
27542814	243	251	compared	T052	C1707455
27542814	280	311	atmospheric dispersion modeling	T075	C0026336
27542814	313	327	Air 3H samples	T167	C1546536
27542814	333	342	collected	T078	C1516695
27542814	358	365	sectors	T083	C1708237
27542814	373	377	site	T082	C0205145
27542814	378	386	boundary	T185	C2828371
27542814	394	403	operating	T052	C3241922
27542814	404	412	reactors	T073	C0028591
27542814	421	427	period	T079	C1948053
27542814	433	434	y	T079	C0439234
27542814	439	447	compared	T052	C1707455
27542814	453	473	Gaussian Plume model	T075	C0026336
27542814	479	490	predictions	T078	C0681842
27542814	516	524	measured	T080	C0444706
27542814	525	530	value	T081	C1522609
27542814	536	542	slight	T080	C2937276
27542814	543	552	variation	T080	C0205419
27542814	553	561	observed	T169	C1441672
27542814	578	585	methods	T170	C0025663
27542814	607	618	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
27542814	635	646	measurement	T169	C0242485
27542814	650	653	air	T167	C0001861
27542814	654	656	3H	T196	C0041119
27542814	657	670	concentration	T081	C0457929
27542814	682	693	measurement	T169	C0242485
27542814	697	710	site-specific	T082	C0449604
27542814	711	736	meteorological parameters	T070	C0025594
27542814	742	756	radiation dose	T081	C4019308
27542814	757	765	imparted	T169	C0332289
27542814	769	786	members of public	T092	C0678367
27542814	798	804	levels	T080	C0441889
27542814	805	813	observed	T169	C1441672
27542814	829	836	station	T073	C0562516
27542814	837	866	technical specification limit	T169	C0439801
27542814	871	873	3H	T196	C0041119

27543814|t|The four-component aureocin A70 as a promising agent for food biopreservation
27543814|a|Aureocin A70 is the only four-component bacteriocin described to date. As it inhibits the growth of a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food, its potential for improving food safety was investigated in this study. Aureocin A70 (10,240AU/mL) proved to be bactericidal, but not extensively lytic, against listerial strains. The antibacterial activity of aureocin A70 (16AU/mL) was then tested in UHT-treated skimmed milk inoculated with the food -associated L. monocytogenes L12 strain (4-log CFU/mL) during storage at 4°C for one week. Aureocin A70 caused a time-dependent reduction in the listerial viable cell counts (5.51-log units) up to 7days of incubation. Aureocin A70 was neither toxic to the Vero and the L-929 cell lines nor exhibited a hemolytic activity against sheep red blood cells. Aureocin A70 proved to be completely stable for one month at 25°C, 16weeks at 4°C and 20weeks at -20°C. Aureocin A70 exhibited a time-dependent susceptibility to simulated gastric juice and bile salts mimicking gastrointestinal conditions. The entrapment of aureocin A70 in an alginate / gelatin matrix revealed that this bacteriocin can be released from this matrix. Moreover, it remained adsorbed to and active on a low-density polyethylene plastic surface suggesting that aureocin A70 may be employed in bioactive packaging to control the growth of undesirable bacteria. Taken together these results suggest that aureocin A70 is a promising alternative to be used in food applications.
27543814	19	31	aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	37	52	promising agent	T120	C0450442
27543814	57	77	food biopreservation	T057	C0016484
27543814	78	90	Aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	118	129	bacteriocin	T116,T123	C0004641
27543814	155	174	inhibits the growth	T040	C2249823
27543814	194	216	Gram-positive bacteria	T007	C0018154
27543814	228	250	Listeria monocytogenes	T007	C0023861
27543814	251	258	strains	T001	C1518614
27543814	273	277	food	T168	C0016452
27543814	307	318	food safety	T057	C1456535
27543814	351	363	Aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	391	403	bactericidal	T195	C0004635
27543814	425	430	lytic	T080	C0439680
27543814	440	449	listerial	T007	C0023861
27543814	450	457	strains	T001	C1518614
27543814	463	485	antibacterial activity	T052	C0441655
27543814	489	501	aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	531	542	UHT-treated	T061	C3179136
27543814	543	555	skimmed milk	T168	C0349375
27543814	556	566	inoculated	T059	C1439852
27543814	576	580	food	T168	C0016452
27543814	593	620	L. monocytogenes L12 strain	T007	C0023861
27543814	643	650	storage	T169	C1698986
27543814	672	684	Aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	709	718	reduction	T070	C0301630
27543814	726	735	listerial	T007	C0023861
27543814	736	754	viable cell counts	T059	C0007584
27543814	787	797	incubation	T059	C1439852
27543814	799	811	Aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	824	829	toxic	T080	C1407029
27543814	837	841	Vero	T025	C0042542
27543814	850	866	L-929 cell lines	T025	C0007634
27543814	883	901	hemolytic activity	T049	C0302110
27543814	910	915	sheep	T015	C0036945
27543814	916	931	red blood cells	T025	C0014792
27543814	933	945	Aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	1037	1049	Aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	1077	1091	susceptibility	T081	C1547045
27543814	1095	1104	simulated	T070	C1948023
27543814	1105	1118	gastric juice	T031	C0017133
27543814	1123	1133	bile salts	T109,T123	C0005404
27543814	1144	1171	gastrointestinal conditions	T033	C4061136
27543814	1177	1187	entrapment	T044	C2825784
27543814	1191	1203	aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	1210	1218	alginate	T109,T122	C0102137
27543814	1221	1235	gelatin matrix	T116,T122	C1533434
27543814	1255	1266	bacteriocin	T116,T123	C0004641
27543814	1351	1383	low-density polyethylene plastic	T109,T122	C0752344
27543814	1408	1420	aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	1440	1449	bioactive	T167	C3714412
27543814	1450	1459	packaging	T052	C2828395
27543814	1463	1481	control the growth	T040	C2249823
27543814	1497	1505	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27543814	1549	1561	aureocin A70	T116,T123	C1101398
27543814	1567	1588	promising alternative	T120	C0450442
27543814	1603	1620	food applications	T057	C0016484

27543896|t|Drivers' eye movements as a function of collision avoidance warning conditions in red light running scenarios
27543896|a|The intersection collision avoidance warning systems (ICAWSs) have substantial potentials in improving driving performance and reducing the number and severity of intersection collisions, through helping drivers timely detect hazardous conflicting vehicles in precrash scenarios. However, the influences of ICAWS on drivers' visual performance have barely been discussed. This study focuses on exploring the patterns in drivers' eye movements as a function of ICAWS's warning conditions in red light running scenarios based on a driving simulation experiment. Two types of speech warning conditions including warning timings (varied form 2.5s to 5.5s) and directional information (with or without) are examined, and the no - warning condition is the baseline. The results revealed that more subjects would be likely to benefit from the ICWAS under the earlier warning timings. The warning condition of 4.5s ahead of a collision had the best effectiveness in terms of visual performances. Under such a warning timing, drivers had shorter fixation duration and higher frequency of searching for the red light running (RLR) vehicles. Compared to the warning condition without directional information, the directional warning information could capture drivers' attention more efficiently, help driver direct fixations toward the RLR vehicles more quickly and lead to more scanning activities. Compared to female drivers, male drivers had more scanning activities when approaching intersections, detected the RLR vehicles more quickly and were more likely to avoid the RLR collisions. Besides, the experiment results indicated that the female drivers were more inclined to trust the warning information and got more benefits from the RLR - ICAWS in terms of the crash risk reduction rate than male drivers. Finally, the conclusions lead the way toward warning condition design recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the RLR - ICAWSs.
27543896	0	8	Drivers'	T098	C0684312
27543896	9	22	eye movements	T039	C0015413
27543896	28	36	function	T169	C0542341
27543896	40	49	collision	T037	C0337196
27543896	50	59	avoidance	T041	C0870186
27543896	60	67	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	68	78	conditions	T080	C0348080
27543896	82	99	red light running	T053	C0004927
27543896	100	109	scenarios	T169	C0683579
27543896	114	162	intersection collision avoidance warning systems	T073	C3273359
27543896	164	170	ICAWSs	T073	C3273359
27543896	177	199	substantial potentials	T080	C3245505
27543896	203	212	improving	T080	C1272745
27543896	213	232	driving performance	UnknownType	C0681592
27543896	237	245	reducing	T080	C0392756
27543896	250	256	number	T081	C0237753
27543896	261	269	severity	T080	C0439793
27543896	273	285	intersection	T078	C2697794
27543896	286	296	collisions	T037	C0337196
27543896	314	321	drivers	T098	C0684312
27543896	322	328	timely	T080	C3827828
27543896	329	335	detect	T033	C0442726
27543896	336	345	hazardous	T080	C0598697
27543896	346	366	conflicting vehicles	T073	C0348005
27543896	370	378	precrash	T079	C1254367
27543896	379	388	scenarios	T169	C0683579
27543896	403	413	influences	T077	C4054723
27543896	417	422	ICAWS	T073	C3273359
27543896	426	434	drivers'	T098	C0684312
27543896	435	441	visual	T040	C0042789
27543896	442	453	performance	T052	C1882330
27543896	487	492	study	T062	C2603343
27543896	518	526	patterns	T055	C0018464
27543896	530	538	drivers'	T098	C0684312
27543896	539	552	eye movements	T039	C0015413
27543896	558	566	function	T169	C0542341
27543896	570	577	ICAWS's	T073	C3273359
27543896	578	585	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	586	596	conditions	T080	C0348080
27543896	600	617	red light running	T053	C0004927
27543896	618	627	scenarios	T169	C0683579
27543896	639	646	driving	T055	C0870446
27543896	647	657	simulation	T062	C0679083
27543896	658	668	experiment	T062	C0681814
27543896	674	679	types	T080	C0332307
27543896	683	689	speech	T040	C0037817
27543896	690	697	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	698	708	conditions	T080	C0348080
27543896	719	726	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	727	734	timings	T079	C0449243
27543896	766	777	directional	T082	C0449738
27543896	778	789	information	T078	C1533716
27543896	799	806	without	T080	C0332288
27543896	812	820	examined	T033	C0332128
27543896	830	832	no	T033	C0205160
27543896	835	842	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	843	852	condition	T080	C0348080
27543896	860	868	baseline	T081	C1442488
27543896	874	881	results	T169	C1274040
27543896	901	909	subjects	T098	C2349001
27543896	929	936	benefit	T081	C0814225
27543896	946	951	ICWAS	T073	C3273359
27543896	970	977	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	978	985	timings	T079	C0449243
27543896	991	998	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	999	1008	condition	T080	C0348080
27543896	1028	1037	collision	T037	C0337196
27543896	1046	1050	best	T080	C1522427
27543896	1051	1064	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27543896	1077	1083	visual	T040	C0042789
27543896	1084	1096	performances	T052	C1882330
27543896	1111	1118	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	1119	1125	timing	T079	C0449243
27543896	1127	1134	drivers	T098	C0684312
27543896	1139	1146	shorter	T081	C1806781
27543896	1147	1155	fixation	T169	C0205245
27543896	1156	1164	duration	T079	C0449238
27543896	1176	1185	frequency	T079	C0439603
27543896	1189	1198	searching	T052	C1706202
27543896	1207	1224	red light running	T053	C0004927
27543896	1226	1229	RLR	T053	C0004927
27543896	1231	1239	vehicles	T073	C0348005
27543896	1257	1264	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	1265	1274	condition	T080	C0348080
27543896	1275	1282	without	T080	C0332288
27543896	1283	1294	directional	T082	C0449738
27543896	1295	1306	information	T078	C1533716
27543896	1312	1323	directional	T082	C0449738
27543896	1324	1331	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	1332	1343	information	T078	C1533716
27543896	1358	1366	drivers'	T098	C0684312
27543896	1367	1376	attention	T041	C0004268
27543896	1382	1393	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27543896	1395	1399	help	T080	C1269765
27543896	1400	1406	driver	T098	C0684312
27543896	1407	1413	direct	T080	C1947931
27543896	1414	1423	fixations	T169	C0205245
27543896	1435	1438	RLR	T053	C0004927
27543896	1439	1447	vehicles	T073	C0348005
27543896	1478	1498	scanning activities.	T052	C0441655
27543896	1511	1517	female	T098	C0043210
27543896	1518	1525	drivers	T098	C0684312
27543896	1527	1531	male	T032	C0086582
27543896	1532	1539	drivers	T098	C0684312
27543896	1549	1568	scanning activities	T052	C0441655
27543896	1574	1585	approaching	T082	C0449445
27543896	1586	1599	intersections	T078	C2697794
27543896	1601	1609	detected	T033	C0442726
27543896	1614	1617	RLR	T053	C0004927
27543896	1618	1626	vehicles	T073	C0348005
27543896	1632	1639	quickly	T080	C0456962
27543896	1674	1677	RLR	T053	C0004927
27543896	1678	1688	collisions	T037	C0337196
27543896	1703	1713	experiment	T062	C0681814
27543896	1714	1721	results	T169	C1274040
27543896	1741	1747	female	T098	C0043210
27543896	1748	1755	drivers	T098	C0684312
27543896	1778	1783	trust	T054	C0237935
27543896	1788	1795	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	1796	1807	information	T078	C1533716
27543896	1821	1829	benefits	T081	C0814225
27543896	1839	1842	RLR	T053	C0004927
27543896	1845	1850	ICAWS	T073	C3273359
27543896	1867	1872	crash	T067	C0683911
27543896	1873	1877	risk	T078	C0035647
27543896	1878	1887	reduction	T061	C0441610
27543896	1888	1892	rate	T081	C1521828
27543896	1898	1902	male	T032	C0086582
27543896	1903	1910	drivers	T098	C0684312
27543896	1957	1964	warning	T080	C1550014
27543896	1965	1974	condition	T080	C0348080
27543896	1975	1981	design	T052	C1707689
27543896	1982	1997	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27543896	2002	2011	improving	T080	C1272745
27543896	2016	2029	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27543896	2037	2040	RLR	T053	C0004927
27543896	2043	2049	ICAWSs	T073	C3273359

27544735|t|An electrochemically reduced graphene oxide chemiresistive sensor for sensitive detection of Hg(2+) ion in water samples
27544735|a|Divalent mercuric (Hg(2+)) ion is one of the most prevalent forms of mercury species in waters with high toxicity and bioaccumulation in the human body, for which sensitive and selective detection methods are highly necessary to carry out its recognition and quantification. Here an electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based chemiresistive sensor was constructed and used for the detection of Hg(2+) ion in various water samples. Monolayer GO sheets were assembled onto interdigitated electrodes, followed by reduction through linear sweep voltammetry and then modification with a single-stranded DNA aptamer. The electrochemically derived RGO based sensor showed selective response to as low as 0.5nM Hg(2+) ion in presence of other metal ions and matrices. A comparison between chemiresistive sensors prepared with electrochemically and chemically derived RGO showed that the former had better response performance for sensing Hg(2+) ion. The proposed method provides a simple tool for rapid, selective and sensitive monitoring of Hg(2+) ion in environmental samples.
27544735	3	28	electrochemically reduced	T059	C2350499
27544735	29	37	graphene	T196	C2936695
27544735	38	43	oxide	T197	C0030015
27544735	44	65	chemiresistive sensor	T073	C0183210
27544735	70	79	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27544735	80	89	detection	T033	C0442726
27544735	93	103	Hg(2+) ion	T196	C2347109
27544735	107	120	water samples	T197	C1550678
27544735	121	151	Divalent mercuric (Hg(2+)) ion	T196	C2347109
27544735	190	205	mercury species	T104	C0303249
27544735	209	215	waters	T121,T197	C0043047
27544735	226	234	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27544735	239	254	bioaccumulation	T042	C0311432
27544735	262	272	human body	T016	C0242821
27544735	284	293	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27544735	308	325	detection methods	T170	C0449335
27544735	364	375	recognition	T033	C0243095
27544735	380	394	quantification	T081	C1709793
27544735	404	429	electrochemically reduced	T059	C2350499
27544735	430	438	graphene	T196	C2936695
27544735	439	444	oxide	T197	C0030015
27544735	446	449	RGO	T197	C0030015
27544735	457	478	chemiresistive sensor	T073	C0183210
27544735	483	494	constructed	T052	C1521827
27544735	512	521	detection	T033	C0442726
27544735	525	535	Hg(2+) ion	T196	C2347109
27544735	547	560	water samples	T197	C1550678
27544735	562	571	Monolayer	T080	C0205556
27544735	572	574	GO	T197	C0030015
27544735	575	581	sheets	T073	C3273359
27544735	587	596	assembled	T052	C1706853
27544735	617	627	electrodes	T074	C0013812
27544735	641	650	reduction	T070	C0301630
27544735	659	683	linear sweep voltammetry	UnknownType	C0683134
27544735	693	705	modification	T169	C0392747
27544735	713	732	single-stranded DNA	T114	C0012935
27544735	733	740	aptamer	T114	C0599013
27544735	746	763	electrochemically	T059	C2350499
27544735	772	775	RGO	T197	C0030015
27544735	782	788	sensor	T073	C0183210
27544735	796	814	selective response	T033	C0243095
27544735	834	844	Hg(2+) ion	T196	C2347109
27544735	866	871	metal	T197	C0025552
27544735	872	876	ions	T196	C0022023
27544735	881	889	matrices	T073	C1704639
27544735	912	934	chemiresistive sensors	T073	C0183210
27544735	935	943	prepared	T052	C1521827
27544735	949	966	electrochemically	T059	C2350499
27544735	971	989	chemically derived	T070	C0007987
27544735	990	993	RGO	T197	C0030015
27544735	1028	1048	response performance	T033	C0243095
27544735	1053	1060	sensing	T052	C0441655
27544735	1061	1071	Hg(2+) ion	T196	C2347109
27544735	1086	1092	method	T170	C0025663
27544735	1141	1150	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27544735	1151	1161	monitoring	T057	C0014416
27544735	1165	1175	Hg(2+) ion	T196	C2347109
27544735	1179	1200	environmental samples	T082	C0014406

27544871|t|The Effect of Image Review before Patient Discharge on Study Completeness and Sonographer Job Satisfaction in a Pediatric Echocardiographic Laboratory
27544871|a|Incomplete echocardiographic assessment accounts for approximately 10% of preventable diagnostic errors and may place children at risk for adverse outcomes or increased testing. The aim of this study was to determine if physician review of images improves study completeness. A prospective quality improvement (QI) study initiated physician review of first-time echocardiographic studies for completeness before patient discharge. Studies were incomplete if not all anatomic structures were diagnostically demonstrated. QI examinations were compared with controls obtained before study initiation. Demographic and clinical information and duration of scan were collected during the control and QI periods. An anonymous survey was administered to the sonographers to assess perceptions of the intervention. There were no differences between the QI (n = 63) and control (n = 63) groups in age, height, weight, and technical barriers. After study completion, 35% of control scans versus 5% of QI scans were incomplete (P < .001). In the QI group, the sonographer, physician, or both returned to scan in 12 (19%), nine (14%), and two (3%) studies, respectively. QI studies were longer than control studies (44 vs 36 min, P = .003) before review. Physician review added a median of 6 min (range, 1-28 min). The majority of sonographers believed that immediate review improved communication, and 50% believed that it improved their job satisfaction. Review of initial outpatient echocardiographic examinations before patient discharge significantly improves study completeness. Review adds a nominal amount of time to total study duration, improves sonographer - physician communication, and may prevent unnecessary testing, potentially reducing the cost of care.
27544871	14	19	Image	T170	C1704254
27544871	20	26	Review	T058	C0262501
27544871	34	51	Patient Discharge	T058	C0030685
27544871	55	60	Study	T062	C2603343
27544871	61	73	Completeness	T080	C0439812
27544871	78	89	Sonographer	T097	C1954848
27544871	90	106	Job Satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27544871	112	139	Pediatric Echocardiographic	T060	C2316452
27544871	140	150	Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27544871	162	179	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
27544871	180	190	assessment	T058	C0220825
27544871	237	254	diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
27544871	269	277	children	T100	C0008059
27544871	281	285	risk	T078	C0035647
27544871	290	306	adverse outcomes	T033	C1705586
27544871	320	327	testing	T060	C0683443
27544871	345	350	study	T062	C2603343
27544871	371	380	physician	T097	C0031831
27544871	381	387	review	T058	C0262501
27544871	391	397	images	T170	C1704254
27544871	407	412	study	T062	C2603343
27544871	413	425	completeness	T080	C0439812
27544871	441	460	quality improvement	T057	C3858649
27544871	462	464	QI	T057	C3858649
27544871	466	471	study	T062	C2603343
27544871	466	471	study	T062	C2603343
27544871	482	491	physician	T097	C0031831
27544871	492	498	review	T058	C0262501
27544871	513	530	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
27544871	531	538	studies	T062	C2603343
27544871	543	555	completeness	T080	C0439812
27544871	563	580	patient discharge	T058	C0030685
27544871	582	589	Studies	T062	C2603343
27544871	617	636	anatomic structures	T017	C0700276
27544871	642	656	diagnostically	T169	C0348026
27544871	671	673	QI	T057	C3858649
27544871	674	686	examinations	T058	C0582103
27544871	731	736	study	T062	C2603343
27544871	737	747	initiation	T169	C1704686
27544871	749	760	Demographic	T090	C0011298
27544871	765	785	clinical information	T170	C2708733
27544871	790	798	duration	T079	C0449238
27544871	802	806	scan	T060	C0441633
27544871	845	847	QI	T057	C3858649
27544871	848	855	periods	T079	C1948053
27544871	870	876	survey	T170	C0038951
27544871	901	913	sonographers	T097	C1954848
27544871	924	935	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27544871	943	955	intervention	T061	C0184661
27544871	995	997	QI	T057	C3858649
27544871	1011	1034	control (n = 63) groups	T096	C0009932
27544871	1038	1041	age	T032	C0001779
27544871	1043	1049	height	T032	C0489786
27544871	1051	1057	weight	T032	C0005910
27544871	1089	1094	study	T062	C2603343
27544871	1122	1127	scans	T060	C0441633
27544871	1141	1143	QI	T057	C3858649
27544871	1144	1149	scans	T060	C0441633
27544871	1185	1187	QI	T057	C3858649
27544871	1188	1193	group	T098	C1257890
27544871	1199	1210	sonographer	T097	C1954848
27544871	1212	1221	physician	T097	C0031831
27544871	1243	1247	scan	T060	C0441633
27544871	1286	1293	studies	T062	C2603343
27544871	1309	1311	QI	T057	C3858649
27544871	1312	1319	studies	T062	C2603343
27544871	1337	1352	control studies	T062	C0007328
27544871	1385	1391	review	T058	C0262501
27544871	1393	1402	Physician	T097	C0031831
27544871	1403	1409	review	T058	C0262501
27544871	1469	1481	sonographers	T097	C1954848
27544871	1506	1512	review	T058	C0262501
27544871	1522	1535	communication	T054	C0009452
27544871	1577	1593	job satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27544871	1595	1601	Review	T058	C0262501
27544871	1613	1623	outpatient	T101	C0029921
27544871	1624	1641	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
27544871	1642	1654	examinations	T058	C0582103
27544871	1662	1679	patient discharge	T058	C0030685
27544871	1703	1708	study	T062	C2603343
27544871	1709	1721	completeness	T080	C0439812
27544871	1723	1729	Review	T058	C0262501
27544871	1769	1774	study	T062	C2603343
27544871	1775	1783	duration	T079	C0449238
27544871	1794	1805	sonographer	T097	C1954848
27544871	1808	1817	physician	T097	C0031831
27544871	1818	1831	communication	T054	C0009452
27544871	1861	1868	testing	T060	C0683443
27544871	1895	1907	cost of care	T081	C0086600

27544926|t|Folate - conjugated gene - carrying microbubbles with focused ultrasound for concurrent blood-brain barrier opening and local gene delivery
27544926|a|Previous studies have demonstrated that circulating DNA - encapsulated microbubbles (MBs) combined with focused ultrasound (FUS) can be used for local blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening and gene delivery. However, few studies focused on how to increase the efficiency of gene delivery to brain tumors after the released gene penetrating the BBB. Here, we proposed the use of folate - conjugated DNA - loaded cationic MBs (FCMBs). When combined with FUS as a trigger for BBB opening, FCMBs were converted into nanometer - sized vesicles that were transported to the brain parenchyma. The FCMBs can selectively aggregate around tumor cells that overexpressed the folate receptor, thus enhancing gene delivery via folate - stimulated endocytosis. Our results confirmed that FCMBs can carry DNA on the surface of the MB shell and have good targeting ability on C6 glioma cells. In addition, the optimized FUS parameters for FCMBs - enhanced gene delivery were confirmed by cell experiments (center frequency = 1 MHz; acoustic pressure = 700 kPa; pulse repetition frequency = 5 Hz; cycle number = 10000; exposure time = 1 min; FCMBs concentration = 4 × 10(7) MB/mL). In vivo data also indicated that FCMBs show better gene transfection efficiency than MBs without folate conjugation and the traditional approach of directly injecting the gene. This study described our novel development of multifunctional MBs for FUS - triggered gene delivery / therapy.
27544926	0	6	Folate	T109,T121,T127	C0178638
27544926	9	19	conjugated	T082	C0522529
27544926	20	24	gene	T028	C0017337
27544926	27	35	carrying	T045	C0872177
27544926	36	48	microbubbles	T074	C1258018
27544926	54	72	focused ultrasound	T061	C1517281
27544926	77	87	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27544926	88	107	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
27544926	108	115	opening	T082	C1254362
27544926	120	125	local	T082	C0205276
27544926	126	139	gene delivery	T045	C0872177
27544926	140	148	Previous	T079	C0205156
27544926	149	156	studies	T062	C2603343
27544926	180	191	circulating	T169	C0175630
27544926	192	195	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27544926	198	210	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27544926	211	223	microbubbles	T074	C1258018
27544926	225	228	MBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	230	238	combined	T080	C0205195
27544926	244	262	focused ultrasound	T061	C1517281
27544926	264	267	FUS	T061	C1517281
27544926	276	280	used	T169	C1524063
27544926	285	290	local	T082	C0205276
27544926	291	310	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
27544926	312	315	BBB	T023	C0005854
27544926	317	324	opening	T082	C1254362
27544926	329	342	gene delivery	T045	C0872177
27544926	357	364	studies	T062	C2603343
27544926	365	372	focused	T169	C1285542
27544926	383	391	increase	T169	C0442805
27544926	396	406	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27544926	410	423	gene delivery	T045	C0872177
27544926	427	439	brain tumors	T191	C0006118
27544926	450	458	released	T169	C0391871
27544926	459	463	gene	T028	C0017337
27544926	464	475	penetrating	T169	C0205321
27544926	480	483	BBB	T023	C0005854
27544926	507	513	use of	T169	C1524063
27544926	514	520	folate	T109,T121,T127	C0178638
27544926	547	559	cationic MBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	561	566	FCMBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	574	582	combined	T080	C0205195
27544926	588	591	FUS	T061	C1517281
27544926	597	604	trigger	T080	C1444748
27544926	609	612	BBB	T023	C0005854
27544926	622	627	FCMBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	648	657	nanometer	T081	C0439202
27544926	660	665	sized	T082	C0456389
27544926	666	674	vesicles	T026	C1622418
27544926	685	696	transported	T043	C0005528
27544926	704	709	brain	T023	C0006104
27544926	710	720	parenchyma	T023	C0933845
27544926	726	731	FCMBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	748	757	aggregate	T080	C0205418
27544926	765	776	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27544926	782	795	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
27544926	800	815	folate receptor	T116,T192	C2955669
27544926	822	831	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27544926	832	845	gene delivery	T045	C0872177
27544926	850	856	folate	T116,T192	C2955669
27544926	859	869	stimulated	T070	C1948023
27544926	870	881	endocytosis	T043	C0014139
27544926	887	894	results	T169	C1274040
27544926	895	904	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27544926	910	915	FCMBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	920	925	carry	T045	C0872177
27544926	926	929	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27544926	937	944	surface	T082	C0205148
27544926	952	954	MB	T074	C1258018
27544926	955	960	shell	T080	C1948022
27544926	970	974	good	T080	C0205170
27544926	975	984	targeting	T169	C1521840
27544926	985	992	ability	T081	C1516240
27544926	996	1011	C6 glioma cells	T025	C0007634
27544926	1040	1043	FUS	T061	C1517281
27544926	1044	1054	parameters	T077	C0549193
27544926	1059	1064	FCMBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	1067	1075	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27544926	1076	1089	gene delivery	T045	C0872177
27544926	1095	1107	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27544926	1108	1112	cell	T025	C0007634
27544926	1113	1124	experiments	T062	C0681814
27544926	1126	1142	center frequency	T081	C1705502
27544926	1152	1169	acoustic pressure	T081	C4284008
27544926	1181	1186	pulse	T067	C1947910
27544926	1187	1197	repetition	T169	C0205341
27544926	1198	1207	frequency	T081	C1705502
27544926	1216	1221	cycle	T079	C1511572
27544926	1222	1228	number	T081	C0237753
27544926	1238	1246	exposure	T080	C0332157
27544926	1247	1251	time	T079	C0040223
27544926	1261	1266	FCMBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	1267	1280	concentration	T081	C1446561
27544926	1301	1308	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27544926	1309	1313	data	T078	C1511726
27544926	1319	1328	indicated	T033	C1444656
27544926	1334	1339	FCMBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	1345	1351	better	T080	C0332272
27544926	1352	1356	gene	T028	C0017337
27544926	1357	1369	transfection	T045	C0314641
27544926	1370	1380	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27544926	1386	1389	MBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	1390	1397	without	T080	C0332288
27544926	1398	1404	folate	T116,T192	C2955669
27544926	1405	1416	conjugation	T043	C1160466
27544926	1425	1436	traditional	T169	C0443324
27544926	1437	1445	approach	T082	C0449445
27544926	1449	1457	directly	T080	C1947931
27544926	1458	1467	injecting	T061	C1533685
27544926	1472	1476	gene	T028	C0017337
27544926	1483	1488	study	T062	C2603343
27544926	1503	1508	novel	T080	C0205314
27544926	1509	1520	development	T169	C1527148
27544926	1524	1539	multifunctional	T169	C0205245
27544926	1540	1543	MBs	T074	C1258018
27544926	1548	1551	FUS	T061	C1517281
27544926	1554	1563	triggered	T080	C1444748
27544926	1564	1577	gene delivery	T045	C0872177
27544926	1580	1587	therapy	T061	C0087111

27545082|t|Gastrocnemius muscle-tendon interaction during walking in typically-developing adults and children, and in children with spastic cerebral palsy
27545082|a|Our understanding of the interaction of muscle bellies and their tendons in individuals with muscle pathology is limited. Knowledge of these interactions may inform us of the effects of musculoskeletal pathologies on muscle-tendon dynamics and the subsequent neurological control strategies used in gait. Here, we investigate gastrocnemius muscle-tendon interaction in typically-developing (TD) adults and children, and in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP). We recruited six TD adults (4 female; mean age: 34 yrs. (24-54)), eight TD children (5 female; mean age: 10 yrs. (6-12)) and eight independently ambulant children with SCP (5 female; mean age 9 yrs. (6-12); 3 unilaterally-affected). A combination of 3D motion capture and 2D real-time ultrasound imaging were used to compute the gastrocnemius musculo-tendinous unit (MTU) length and estimate muscle belly and tendon length s during walking. For the TD subjects, the measurements were made for heel-toe walking and voluntary toe-walking. The gastrocnemius muscle bellies of children with SCP lengthened during single support (p = 0.003). In contrast, the muscle bellies of TD subjects did not demonstrate an increase in length over the period of single support under heel-toe or toe-walking conditions. We observed lengthening of the gastrocnemius muscle bellies in children with SCP during single support, a phase of the gait cycle in which the muscle is reported consistently to be active. Repeated lengthening of muscle bellies while they are active may lead to muscle damage and have implications for the natural history of gait in this group.
27545082	0	27	Gastrocnemius muscle-tendon	T029	C3697077
27545082	28	39	interaction	T169	C1704675
27545082	47	54	walking	T056	C0080331
27545082	58	78	typically-developing	T039	C0020119
27545082	79	85	adults	T100	C0001675
27545082	90	98	children	T100	C0008059
27545082	107	115	children	T100	C0008059
27545082	121	143	spastic cerebral palsy	T019,T047	C0338596
27545082	169	180	interaction	T169	C1704675
27545082	184	198	muscle bellies	T023	C0224086
27545082	209	216	tendons	T023	C0039508
27545082	220	231	individuals	T098	C0237401
27545082	237	243	muscle	T024	C0026845
27545082	244	253	pathology	T046	C0677042
27545082	285	297	interactions	T169	C1704675
27545082	319	329	effects of	T080	C1704420
27545082	330	345	musculoskeletal	T024	C0242692
27545082	346	357	pathologies	T046	C0677042
27545082	361	374	muscle-tendon	T023	C0039508
27545082	403	423	neurological control	T042	C0598959
27545082	443	447	gait	T033	C0016928
27545082	470	497	gastrocnemius muscle-tendon	T029	C3697077
27545082	498	509	interaction	T169	C1704675
27545082	513	533	typically-developing	T039	C0020119
27545082	535	537	TD	T039	C0020119
27545082	539	545	adults	T100	C0001675
27545082	550	558	children	T100	C0008059
27545082	567	575	children	T100	C0008059
27545082	581	603	spastic cerebral palsy	T019,T047	C0338596
27545082	605	608	SCP	T019,T047	C0338596
27545082	628	630	TD	T039	C0020119
27545082	631	637	adults	T100	C0001675
27545082	641	647	female	T098	C0043210
27545082	662	665	yrs	T079	C0439234
27545082	683	685	TD	T039	C0020119
27545082	686	694	children	T100	C0008059
27545082	698	704	female	T098	C0043210
27545082	719	722	yrs	T079	C0439234
27545082	765	773	children	T100	C0008059
27545082	779	782	SCP	T019,T047	C0338596
27545082	786	792	female	T098	C0043210
27545082	805	808	yrs	T079	C0439234
27545082	861	878	3D motion capture	T060	C0430022
27545082	883	914	2D real-time ultrasound imaging	T060	C0203326
27545082	940	976	gastrocnemius musculo-tendinous unit	T029	C3697077
27545082	978	981	MTU	T029	C3697077
27545082	983	989	length	T081	C1444754
27545082	1003	1015	muscle belly	T023	C0224086
27545082	1020	1026	tendon	T023	C0039508
27545082	1027	1033	length	T081	C1444754
27545082	1043	1050	walking	T056	C0080331
27545082	1060	1062	TD	T039	C0020119
27545082	1077	1089	measurements	T169	C0242485
27545082	1104	1120	heel-toe walking	T056	C0080331
27545082	1135	1146	toe-walking	T056	C0080331
27545082	1152	1165	gastrocnemius	T023	C0242691
27545082	1166	1180	muscle bellies	T023	C0224086
27545082	1184	1192	children	T100	C0008059
27545082	1198	1201	SCP	T019,T047	C0338596
27545082	1202	1212	lengthened	T169	C0392744
27545082	1265	1279	muscle bellies	T023	C0224086
27545082	1283	1285	TD	T039	C0020119
27545082	1330	1336	length	T081	C1444754
27545082	1377	1385	heel-toe	T056	C0080331
27545082	1389	1400	toe-walking	T056	C0080331
27545082	1425	1436	lengthening	T169	C0392744
27545082	1444	1457	gastrocnemius	T023	C0242691
27545082	1458	1472	muscle bellies	T023	C0224086
27545082	1476	1484	children	T100	C0008059
27545082	1490	1493	SCP	T019,T047	C0338596
27545082	1532	1536	gait	T033	C0016928
27545082	1556	1562	muscle	T024	C0026845
27545082	1611	1622	lengthening	T169	C0392744
27545082	1626	1640	muscle bellies	T023	C0224086
27545082	1675	1688	muscle damage	T020	C0410158
27545082	1738	1742	gait	T033	C0016928

27545399|t|Dramatic demographic changes in spine trauma mortality over the past quarter century in Finland
27545399|a|Commentary On: Thesleff T, Niskakangas T, Luoto TM, Öhman J, Ronkainen A. Fatal cervical spine injuries: a Finnish nationwide register -based epidemiological study on data from 1987 to 2010. Spine J 2016:16:918-26 (in this issue).
27545399	0	28	Dramatic demographic changes	T080	C0681668
27545399	32	44	spine trauma	UnknownType	C0748916
27545399	45	54	mortality	T081	C0026565
27545399	55	59	over	T082	C0205136
27545399	64	68	past	T079	C1444637
27545399	69	76	quarter	T081	C2825406
27545399	77	84	century	T079	C1254367
27545399	88	95	Finland	T083	C0016132
27545399	96	106	Commentary	T170	C0282411
27545399	170	175	Fatal	T080	C1302234
27545399	176	199	cervical spine injuries	T037	C0432666
27545399	203	230	Finnish nationwide register	T170	C0034975
27545399	238	259	epidemiological study	T062	C0002783
27545399	263	267	data	T078	C1511726

27545500|t|A tanshinone I derivative enhances the activities of antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo
27545500|a|Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are prevalent. The dramatically reduced discovery of new antibiotics, as well as the persistent emergence of resistant bacteria, represents a major health problem in both hospital and community settings. Using antibiotic enhancers to rescue existing classes of antibiotics is an attractive strategy. In this study, 16-aldehyde tanshinone I (ALT) was synthesized and bacteriostatic activity was explored. In addition, synergistic or additive activity between ALT and aminoglycoside antibiotics or β-lactam antibiotics in vitro was identified. Moreover, ALT was documented to augment clearance of streptomycin (STR) and ampicillin (AMP) against S. aureus in a murine infection model. Primary mechanistic insight indicated that ALT could damage the bacterial cell membrane, leading to accumulation of antibiotics inside bacterial cells. This finding might be useful for treating infections caused by S. aureus and expand the scope of application of tanshinones.
27545500	2	14	tanshinone I	T109,T121	C0075810
27545500	15	25	derivative	T169	C1527240
27545500	39	49	activities	T038	C3714634
27545500	53	64	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27545500	73	94	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27545500	95	103	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27545500	108	115	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27545500	116	126	Infections	T046	C3714514
27545500	137	158	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27545500	199	208	discovery	T052	C1880355
27545500	216	227	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27545500	268	286	resistant bacteria	T007	C1444090
27545500	307	313	health	T078	C0018684
27545500	314	321	problem	T033	C0033213
27545500	330	338	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27545500	343	361	community settings	T093	C1274109
27545500	369	379	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27545500	420	431	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27545500	467	472	study	T062	C2603343
27545500	474	498	16-aldehyde tanshinone I	T121	C1254351
27545500	500	503	ALT	T121	C1254351
27545500	509	520	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27545500	525	548	bacteriostatic activity	T038	C3714634
27545500	576	587	synergistic	T080	C2986495
27545500	591	599	additive	T080	C0442796
27545500	600	608	activity	T038	C3714634
27545500	617	620	ALT	T121	C1254351
27545500	625	651	aminoglycoside antibiotics	T109,T195	C0003233
27545500	655	675	β-lactam antibiotics	T109,T195	C0026458
27545500	676	684	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27545500	711	714	ALT	T121	C1254351
27545500	754	766	streptomycin	T109,T195	C0038425
27545500	768	771	STR	T109,T195	C0038425
27545500	777	787	ampicillin	T109,T195	C0002680
27545500	789	792	AMP	T109,T195	C0002680
27545500	802	811	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27545500	817	839	murine infection model	T050	C2986594
27545500	849	868	mechanistic insight	T044	C0678659
27545500	884	887	ALT	T121	C1254351
27545500	894	900	damage	T169	C1883709
27545500	905	914	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27545500	915	928	cell membrane	T026	C3161472
27545500	941	953	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27545500	957	968	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27545500	976	991	bacterial cells	T007	C0563199
27545500	1026	1034	treating	T169	C1522326
27545500	1035	1045	infections	T046	C3714514
27545500	1056	1065	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27545500	1090	1101	application	T169	C4048755
27545500	1105	1116	tanshinones	T109,T121	C0075810

27545685|t|Genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis of pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease
27545685|a|Genetic factors and environmental exposures, including pesticides, contribute to the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). There have been few studies of gene and pesticide exposure interactions in PD, and all of the prior studies used a candidate gene approach. We performed the first genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis of pesticide exposure and risk of Parkinson's disease. Analyses were performed using data on >700,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 364 discordant sibling pairs. In addition to testing for SNP - pesticide interaction effects, we also performed exploratory analyses of gene- pesticide interactions at the gene level. None of the gene-environment interaction results were significant after genome-wide correction for multiple testing (α = 1.5E-07 for SNP - level tests; α = 2.1E-06 for gene - level tests). Top results in the SNP - level tests provided suggestive evidence (P < 5.0E-06) that the effect of pesticide exposure on PD risk may be modified by SNPs in the ERCC6L2 gene (P = 2.4E-06), which was also supported by suggestive evidence in the gene - level analysis (P = 4.7E-05). None of the candidate genes assessed in prior studies of gene - pesticide interactions reached statistical support in this genome-wide screen. Although no significant interactions were identified, several of the genes with suggestive evidence of gene-environment interaction effects have biological plausibility for PD risk. Further investigation of the role of those genes in PD risk, particularly in the context of pesticide exposure, in large and carefully recruited samples is warranted.
27545685	0	11	Genome-wide	T028	C0017428
27545685	12	40	gene-environment interaction	T045	C0596609
27545685	41	49	analysis	T062	C0936012
27545685	53	71	pesticide exposure	T033	C2220281
27545685	76	80	risk	T078	C0035647
27545685	84	103	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27545685	104	111	Genetic	T169	C0314603
27545685	112	119	factors	T169	C1521761
27545685	124	147	environmental exposures	T037	C0014412
27545685	159	169	pesticides	T131	C0031253
27545685	189	193	risk	T078	C0035647
27545685	197	216	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27545685	218	220	PD	T047	C0030567
27545685	243	250	studies	T062	C0008972
27545685	263	281	pesticide exposure	T033	C2220281
27545685	282	294	interactions	T044	C0597202
27545685	298	300	PD	T047	C0030567
27545685	323	330	studies	T062	C0008972
27545685	338	352	candidate gene	T028	C1332838
27545685	353	361	approach	T082	C0449445
27545685	366	375	performed	T169	C0884358
27545685	386	397	genome-wide	T028	C0017428
27545685	398	426	gene-environment interaction	T045	C0596609
27545685	427	435	analysis	T062	C0936012
27545685	439	457	pesticide exposure	T033	C2220281
27545685	462	466	risk	T078	C0035647
27545685	470	489	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27545685	491	499	Analyses	T062	C0936012
27545685	505	514	performed	T169	C0884358
27545685	521	525	data	T078	C1511726
27545685	538	569	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27545685	571	575	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27545685	584	594	discordant	T077	C3639994
27545685	595	602	sibling	T099	C0037047
27545685	603	608	pairs	T080	C1709450
27545685	625	632	testing	T169	C0039593
27545685	637	640	SNP	T086	C0752046
27545685	643	664	pesticide interaction	T044	C0597202
27545685	665	672	effects	T080	C1280500
27545685	682	691	performed	T169	C0884358
27545685	704	712	analyses	T062	C0936012
27545685	722	744	pesticide interactions	T044	C0597202
27545685	752	756	gene	T028	C0017337
27545685	757	762	level	T080	C0441889
27545685	776	804	gene-environment interaction	T045	C0596609
27545685	805	812	results	T169	C1274040
27545685	818	829	significant	T078	C0750502
27545685	836	847	genome-wide	T028	C0017428
27545685	848	858	correction	T169	C1947976
27545685	872	879	testing	T169	C0039593
27545685	897	900	SNP	T086	C0752046
27545685	903	908	level	T080	C0441889
27545685	909	914	tests	T169	C0039593
27545685	932	936	gene	T028	C0017337
27545685	939	944	level	T080	C0441889
27545685	945	950	tests	T169	C0039593
27545685	957	964	results	T169	C1274040
27545685	972	975	SNP	T086	C0752046
27545685	978	983	level	T080	C0441889
27545685	984	989	tests	T169	C0039593
27545685	1010	1018	evidence	T169	C0332120
27545685	1020	1021	P	T081	C1709380
27545685	1042	1048	effect	T080	C1280500
27545685	1052	1070	pesticide exposure	T033	C2220281
27545685	1074	1076	PD	T047	C0030567
27545685	1077	1081	risk	T078	C0035647
27545685	1089	1100	modified by	T080	C0205349
27545685	1101	1105	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27545685	1113	1125	ERCC6L2 gene	T028	C3470154
27545685	1127	1128	P	T081	C1709380
27545685	1180	1188	evidence	T169	C0332120
27545685	1196	1200	gene	T028	C0017337
27545685	1203	1208	level	T080	C0441889
27545685	1209	1217	analysis	T062	C0936012
27545685	1219	1220	P	T081	C1709380
27545685	1245	1260	candidate genes	T028	C1332838
27545685	1261	1269	assessed	T052	C1516048
27545685	1279	1286	studies	T062	C0008972
27545685	1290	1294	gene	T028	C0017337
27545685	1297	1319	pesticide interactions	T044	C0597202
27545685	1328	1339	statistical	T081	C2348149
27545685	1356	1367	genome-wide	T028	C0017428
27545685	1385	1399	no significant	T033	C1273937
27545685	1400	1412	interactions	T044	C0597202
27545685	1418	1428	identified	T080	C0205396
27545685	1445	1450	genes	T028	C0017337
27545685	1467	1475	evidence	T169	C0332120
27545685	1479	1507	gene-environment interaction	T045	C0596609
27545685	1508	1515	effects	T080	C1280500
27545685	1549	1551	PD	T047	C0030567
27545685	1552	1556	risk	T078	C0035647
27545685	1566	1579	investigation	T058	C0220825
27545685	1601	1606	genes	T028	C0017337
27545685	1610	1612	PD	T047	C0030567
27545685	1613	1617	risk	T078	C0035647
27545685	1650	1668	pesticide exposure	T033	C2220281
27545685	1703	1710	samples	T167	C0370003

27545829|t|High molecular weight PEGylation of human pancreatic polypeptide at position 22 improves stability and reduces food intake in mice
27545829|a|Human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) is known to suppress appetite and food intake, thereby representing a potential therapeutic approach against obesity and associated metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to improve hPP stability by covalent PEGylation with diverse molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEGs) at two positions using promising lead structures while maintaining target activity. Modified peptides were synthesized by combined solid-phase and solution-phase peptide synthesis. Their potency was investigated in constitutively expressing human epithelial cells and isolated human colonic mucosa as well as receptor-transfected artificial cell lines. Human blood plasma and porcine liver homogenates were used to examine the in vitro stability of the analogues. The most promising variants were injected s.c. in C57BL/6JRj mice to monitor fasting-induced food intake and bioavailability. In human epithelia and colonic mucosal preparations, activity of the modified hPP peptides depended on the core sequence and latency of the peptides was related to PEG size. Peptides modified with a 22 kDa PEG (PEG22) remained intact in blood plasma and on incubation with liver homogenates for more than 96 h. Finally, hPP2-36, [K(22) (PEG22)] hPP2-36 and [K(22) (PEG22),Q(34)] hPP significantly reduced cumulative food intake in mice over 16 h after s.c. administration. Modification with PEG22 at position 22 stabilizes hPP significantly while extending its biological activities and could be used in drug development prospectively.
27545829	0	21	High molecular weight	T080	C1979900
27545829	22	32	PEGylation	T067	C1254366
27545829	36	64	human pancreatic polypeptide	T116,T125	C0030298
27545829	68	79	position 22	T082	C1254362
27545829	103	122	reduces food intake	T033	C0231353
27545829	126	130	mice	T015	C0025929
27545829	131	159	Human pancreatic polypeptide	T116,T125	C0030298
27545829	161	164	hPP	T116,T125	C0030298
27545829	178	195	suppress appetite	T033	C0858274
27545829	200	211	food intake	T040	C0013470
27545829	246	266	therapeutic approach	T169	C0302350
27545829	275	282	obesity	T047	C0028754
27545829	298	317	metabolic disorders	T047	C0025517
27545829	356	359	hPP	T116,T125	C0030298
27545829	373	392	covalent PEGylation	T067	C1254366
27545829	398	422	diverse molecular weight	T081	C0026385
27545829	423	443	polyethylene glycols	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27545829	445	449	PEGs	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27545829	454	467	two positions	T082	C1254362
27545829	518	533	target activity	T033	C0243095
27545829	544	569	peptides were synthesized	T068	C0599100
27545829	573	593	combined solid-phase	T052	C3178930
27545829	598	630	solution-phase peptide synthesis	T062	C1518961
27545829	692	714	human epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27545829	728	748	human colonic mucosa	T023	C0227349
27545829	760	780	receptor-transfected	T063	C0040669
27545829	781	802	artificial cell lines	T025	C0007600
27545829	804	822	Human blood plasma	T121,T123	C0304926
27545829	827	840	porcine liver	T023	C0023884
27545829	841	852	homogenates	T072	C3829671
27545829	878	896	in vitro stability	T080	C0205360
27545829	924	942	promising variants	T080	C0205419
27545829	965	980	C57BL/6JRj mice	T015	C1521751
27545829	992	1019	fasting-induced food intake	T040	C0086311
27545829	1024	1039	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27545829	1044	1059	human epithelia	T024	C0014609
27545829	1064	1079	colonic mucosal	T023	C0227349
27545829	1119	1122	hPP	T116,T125	C0030298
27545829	1123	1131	peptides	T116	C0030956
27545829	1148	1161	core sequence	T087	C0920679
27545829	1181	1189	peptides	T116	C0030956
27545829	1205	1213	PEG size	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27545829	1215	1223	Peptides	T116	C0030956
27545829	1240	1250	22 kDa PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27545829	1252	1257	PEG22	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27545829	1278	1290	blood plasma	T121,T123	C0304926
27545829	1298	1308	incubation	T059	C1439852
27545829	1314	1331	liver homogenates	T023	C0023884
27545829	1361	1368	hPP2-36	T116,T125	C0030298
27545829	1371	1384	K(22) (PEG22)	T087	C0920679
27545829	1386	1393	hPP2-36	T116,T125	C0030298
27545829	1399	1418	K(22) (PEG22),Q(34)	T087	C0920679
27545829	1420	1423	hPP	T116,T125	C0030298
27545829	1446	1456	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27545829	1457	1468	food intake	T040	C0013470
27545829	1472	1476	mice	T015	C0025929
27545829	1532	1537	PEG22	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27545829	1541	1552	position 22	T082	C1254362
27545829	1564	1567	hPP	T116,T125	C0030298
27545829	1602	1623	biological activities	T044	C2267218
27545829	1645	1661	drug development	T091	C0872152

27546025|t|Simultaneous quantification of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and pyrazinamide by liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry
27546025|a|A remediable cause of poor treatment response in drug - susceptible tuberculosis (TB) patients may be low plasma levels of one or more of the first-line anti-TB drugs. The aim of this work was to develop an accurate and precise LC-MS / MS method for simultaneous quantification of all four first-line anti-TB drugs in plasma suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). To adjust for degradation and losses during sample preparation, isotopically labeled compounds were used as internal standards. Plasma samples spiked with internal standards were extracted using protein precipitation with methanol and acetonitrile. Simultaneous separation of all four drugs was accomplished with a Chromolith Reversed-Phase column and mobile phases consisting of water, methanol, ammonium acetate and formic acid with subsequent mass spectrometric quantification. The linear range of the calibration curve for isoniazid was 0.5-10 mg/L, for rifampicin 0.75-30 mg/L, for ethambutol 0.25-10 mg/L and for pyrazinamide 4-80 mg/L. The lower limit of quantification was 0.5 mg/L, 0.75 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L and 4.0 mg/L, respectively. Precision estimated by the coefficient of variation was <15% for all four drugs. The LC-MS / MS method can readily be used for simultaneous quantification of first-line anti-TB drugs in plasma and is well suited for TDM.
27546025	0	12	Simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27546025	13	27	quantification	T081	C1709793
27546025	31	40	isoniazid	T109,T121	C0022209
27546025	42	52	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27546025	54	64	ethambutol	T109,T121	C0014964
27546025	69	81	pyrazinamide	T109,T121	C0034239
27546025	85	106	liquid chromatography	T059	C0008565
27546025	109	133	tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C2123592
27546025	136	146	remediable	T058	C1709895
27546025	156	179	poor treatment response	T033	C1320680
27546025	183	187	drug	T121	C1254351
27546025	190	201	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27546025	202	214	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27546025	216	218	TB	T047	C0041296
27546025	220	228	patients	T101	C0030705
27546025	236	239	low	T080	C0205251
27546025	240	246	plasma	T031	C0032105
27546025	247	253	levels	T080	C0441889
27546025	287	300	anti-TB drugs	T195	C0003237
27546025	306	309	aim	T078	C1947946
27546025	341	349	accurate	T080	C0443131
27546025	362	367	LC-MS	T059	C0872318
27546025	370	372	MS	T059	C0037813
27546025	384	396	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27546025	397	411	quantification	T081	C1709793
27546025	435	448	anti-TB drugs	T195	C0003237
27546025	452	458	plasma	T031	C0032105
27546025	472	499	therapeutic drug monitoring	T061	C1720825
27546025	501	504	TDM	T061	C1720825
27546025	521	532	degradation	T169	C0243125
27546025	537	543	losses	T081	C1517945
27546025	551	569	sample preparation	T059	C3824791
27546025	571	601	isotopically labeled compounds	T196	C0022262
27546025	635	649	Plasma samples	T031	C0444263
27546025	686	695	extracted	T059	C0022885
27546025	702	723	protein precipitation	T059	C3815102
27546025	729	737	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27546025	742	754	acetonitrile	T109	C0050456
27546025	756	768	Simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27546025	769	779	separation	UnknownType	C0678621
27546025	792	797	drugs	T121	C0013227
27546025	822	854	Chromolith Reversed-Phase column	T075	C1705246
27546025	859	872	mobile phases	T130	C3469601
27546025	887	892	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27546025	894	902	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27546025	904	920	ammonium acetate	T109,T130	C0051704
27546025	925	936	formic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0016576
27546025	953	971	mass spectrometric	T059	C2123592
27546025	972	986	quantification	T081	C1709793
27546025	992	1004	linear range	T081	C1514721
27546025	1012	1029	calibration curve	T081	C0392762
27546025	1034	1043	isoniazid	T109,T121	C0022209
27546025	1065	1075	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27546025	1094	1104	ethambutol	T109,T121	C0014964
27546025	1126	1138	pyrazinamide	T109,T121	C0034239
27546025	1154	1183	lower limit of quantification	T081	C2826316
27546025	1247	1256	Precision	T079	C1547902
27546025	1257	1266	estimated	T081	C0750572
27546025	1274	1298	coefficient of variation	T081	C0681921
27546025	1321	1326	drugs	T121	C0013227
27546025	1332	1337	LC-MS	T059	C0872318
27546025	1340	1342	MS	T059	C0037813
27546025	1374	1386	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27546025	1387	1401	quantification	T081	C1709793
27546025	1416	1429	anti-TB drugs	T195	C0003237
27546025	1433	1439	plasma	T031	C0032105
27546025	1463	1466	TDM	T061	C1720825

27546367|t|Investigation of argyrophilic nucleolar organizing region
27546367|a|Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complex event frequently observed in vascular surgery and can cause functional and structural cell damage. Nucleolar-organizing regions (NORs) are sites of the ribosomal genes located on chromosomes and can be stained with silver when they are active. Thus these proteins are named as argyrophilic-NOR (AgNOR)-associated proteins. We aimed to investigate any possible effects of renal I/R injury on the NOR protein synthesis and association between the AgNOR proteins amount and histopathological injuring score. Nine female wistar-albino rats with weight of 200-250g were included into the study. The animals were randomly divided in two groups, a Control Group and an I/R Group. In I/R group, rats were subjected to 45 minutes of renal pedicle occlusion followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. In the control group no drug injections or ischemia reperfusion were performed in animals. Then histopathological injury score, mean AgNOR number and total AgNOR area / nuclear area (TAA / NA) were detected for each rat. The differences between control and I/R groups were significant for histopathological injury scores (p = 0.016). Also the differences between control group and I/R group were significant for mean AgNOR number (p = 0.000) and TAA/NA ratio (p = 0.000). Additionally, there was a positive correlation between TAA/NA ratio and histopathological injury score (r = 0.728; p = 0.026) and between mean AgNOR number and histopathological injury score (r = 0.670; p = 0.048). The detection of AgNOR proteins amount may be used as an indicator to obtain information about the cellular behaviour (self-protective mechanism of tubular epithelial cells) against I/R injury and cellular damage levels (Tab. 2, Fig. 4, Ref. 24).
27546367	17	29	argyrophilic	T025	C0682551
27546367	30	57	nucleolar organizing region	T026	C0028609
27546367	58	91	Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury	T037	C0035126
27546367	97	110	complex event	T051	C0441471
27546367	122	130	observed	T169	C1441672
27546367	134	150	vascular surgery	T061	C0042381
27546367	165	175	functional	T043	C0007613
27546367	180	190	structural	T026	C0243092
27546367	191	202	cell damage	T049	C0599732
27546367	204	232	Nucleolar-organizing regions	T026	C0028609
27546367	234	238	NORs	T026	C0028609
27546367	244	249	sites	T082	C0205145
27546367	257	272	ribosomal genes	T028	C0035899
27546367	284	295	chromosomes	T026	C0008633
27546367	307	314	stained	T059	C0487602
27546367	320	326	silver	T196	C0037125
27546367	341	347	active	T169	C0205177
27546367	360	368	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27546367	382	426	argyrophilic-NOR (AgNOR)-associated proteins	T116,T123	C1571148
27546367	465	475	effects of	T080	C1704420
27546367	476	481	renal	T023	C0022646
27546367	482	492	I/R injury	T037	C0035126
27546367	500	511	NOR protein	T116,T123	C1571149
27546367	512	521	synthesis	T044	C0597295
27546367	550	564	AgNOR proteins	T116,T123	C1571148
27546367	565	571	amount	T081	C1265611
27546367	576	608	histopathological injuring score	T033	C2825141
27546367	615	621	female	T032	C0086287
27546367	622	640	wistar-albino rats	T015	C0086893
27546367	699	706	animals	T008	C0003062
27546367	712	720	randomly	T080	C0439605
27546367	721	728	divided	T169	C0332849
27546367	736	742	groups	T078	C0441833
27546367	746	759	Control Group	T096	C0009932
27546367	767	770	I/R	T037	C0035126
27546367	771	776	Group	T078	C0441833
27546367	781	784	I/R	T037	C0035126
27546367	785	790	group	T078	C0441833
27546367	792	796	rats	T015	C0086893
27546367	829	842	renal pedicle	T023	C0733948
27546367	843	852	occlusion	T046	C0028778
27546367	877	888	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27546367	897	910	control group	T096	C0009932
27546367	914	929	drug injections	T061	C0392877
27546367	933	953	ischemia reperfusion	T037	C0035126
27546367	959	968	performed	T169	C0884358
27546367	972	979	animals	T008	C0003062
27546367	986	1016	histopathological injury score	T033	C2825141
27546367	1018	1035	mean AgNOR number	T033	C0243095
27546367	1040	1056	total AgNOR area	T033	C0243095
27546367	1059	1071	nuclear area	T033	C0243095
27546367	1073	1076	TAA	T033	C0243095
27546367	1079	1081	NA	T033	C0243095
27546367	1088	1096	detected	T033	C0442726
27546367	1106	1109	rat	T015	C0086893
27546367	1135	1142	control	T096	C0009932
27546367	1147	1150	I/R	T037	C0035126
27546367	1151	1157	groups	T078	C0441833
27546367	1163	1174	significant	T078	C0750502
27546367	1179	1210	histopathological injury scores	T033	C2825141
27546367	1253	1266	control group	T096	C0009932
27546367	1271	1274	I/R	T037	C0035126
27546367	1275	1280	group	T078	C0441833
27546367	1286	1297	significant	T078	C0750502
27546367	1302	1319	mean AgNOR number	T033	C0243095
27546367	1336	1348	TAA/NA ratio	T081	C0456603
27546367	1388	1408	positive correlation	T080	C1707520
27546367	1417	1429	TAA/NA ratio	T081	C0456603
27546367	1434	1464	histopathological injury score	T033	C2825141
27546367	1500	1517	mean AgNOR number	T033	C0243095
27546367	1522	1552	histopathological injury score	T033	C2825141
27546367	1581	1590	detection	T061	C1511790
27546367	1594	1608	AgNOR proteins	T116,T123	C1571148
27546367	1609	1615	amount	T081	C1265611
27546367	1634	1643	indicator	T169	C1522602
27546367	1654	1665	information	T078	C1533716
27546367	1676	1694	cellular behaviour	T043	C0007613
27546367	1696	1711	self-protective	T039	C0524828
27546367	1725	1749	tubular epithelial cells	T025	C1266872
27546367	1759	1769	I/R injury	T037	C0035126
27546367	1774	1789	cellular damage	T049	C0599732
27546367	1790	1796	levels	T080	C0441889

27546724|t|The relationship between social functioning and subjective memory complaints in older persons: a population -based longitudinal cohort study
27546724|a|Poor social functioning is associated with cognitive decline in older adults. It is unclear whether social functioning is also associated with subjective memory complaints (SMC). We investigated the association between social functioning and incident SMC and SMC recovery. A population -based sample of 8762 older adults (aged ≥65 years) with good objective cognitive functioning at baseline (MMSE ≥26) from the LifeLines Cohort Study were followed for 1.5 years. Self-reported SMC were measured at baseline and after 1.5 years follow-up. Aspects of social functioning included marital status, household composition, social network size, social activity, quality of social relationships, social support, affection, behavioral confirmation, and status. Thirteen percent (513/3963) developed SMC during follow-up (incident SMC). Multivariate logistic regression analyses (adjusted for age, gender, education level, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking status, depression, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke) showed that participants with better feelings of affection, behavioral confirmation and stable good social support had a lower risk of incident SMC. Thirty-four percent (1632/4799) reported recovery. Participants with good social functioning at baseline on all determinants reported more SMC recovery. People who remained stable in a relationship, stable in good quality of social relationships or increased in quality of social relationships more often report SMC recovery. Good social functioning is associated with less incident SMC and more SMC recovery over a follow-up period of 1.5 years. Albeit future confirmative studies are needed, we argue for targeting also social functioning when designing multidomain interventions to prevent or slow down cognitive decline. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
27546724	4	16	relationship	T080	C0439849
27546724	25	43	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27546724	48	76	subjective memory complaints	T048	C0233794
27546724	80	93	older persons	T098	C3826770
27546724	97	107	population	T098	C1257890
27546724	115	127	longitudinal	T062	C0023981
27546724	128	140	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27546724	141	145	Poor	T080	C0542537
27546724	146	164	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27546724	168	183	associated with	T080	C0332281
27546724	184	201	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656
27546724	205	210	older	T098	C3826770
27546724	211	217	adults	T100	C0001675
27546724	225	232	unclear	T033	C3845108
27546724	241	259	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27546724	268	283	associated with	T080	C0332281
27546724	284	312	subjective memory complaints	T048	C0233794
27546724	314	317	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	323	335	investigated	T169	C1292732
27546724	340	351	association	T080	C0439849
27546724	360	378	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27546724	383	391	incident	T067	C1551358
27546724	392	395	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	400	403	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	404	412	recovery	T040	C2004454
27546724	416	426	population	T098	C1257890
27546724	434	440	sample	T167	C0370003
27546724	449	454	older	T098	C3826770
27546724	455	461	adults	T100	C0001675
27546724	472	477	years	T079	C0439234
27546724	484	488	good	T080	C0205170
27546724	499	520	cognitive functioning	T041	C0392335
27546724	524	532	baseline	T081	C1442488
27546724	534	538	MMSE	T060	C0451306
27546724	553	575	LifeLines Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27546724	598	603	years	T079	C0439234
27546724	605	618	Self-reported	T062	C0681906
27546724	619	622	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	640	648	baseline	T081	C1442488
27546724	663	668	years	T079	C0439234
27546724	669	678	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27546724	691	709	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27546724	719	733	marital status	T102	C0024819
27546724	735	756	household composition	T033	C0595998
27546724	758	772	social network	T098	C0150775
27546724	773	777	size	T082	C0456389
27546724	779	794	social activity	T054	C2371613
27546724	796	803	quality	T080	C0332306
27546724	807	827	social relationships	T033	C1821395
27546724	829	843	social support	T054	C0037438
27546724	845	854	affection	T041	C0871641
27546724	856	866	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27546724	867	879	confirmation	T033	C0750484
27546724	885	891	status	T080	C0699806
27546724	931	934	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	942	951	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27546724	962	965	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	968	1009	Multivariate logistic regression analyses	T081	C0026777
27546724	1024	1027	age	T032	C0001779
27546724	1029	1035	gender	T032	C0079399
27546724	1037	1052	education level	T033	C1553770
27546724	1054	1071	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27546724	1073	1084	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27546724	1086	1100	smoking status	T201	C1519386
27546724	1102	1112	depression	T048	C0011570
27546724	1114	1124	arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
27546724	1126	1147	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27546724	1149	1162	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27546724	1164	1170	stroke	T047	C0038454
27546724	1184	1196	participants	T098	C0679646
27546724	1202	1208	better	T080	C0332272
27546724	1209	1217	feelings	T041	C1527305
27546724	1221	1230	affection	T041	C0871641
27546724	1232	1242	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27546724	1243	1255	confirmation	T033	C0750484
27546724	1260	1266	stable	T080	C0205360
27546724	1267	1271	good	T080	C0205170
27546724	1272	1286	social support	T054	C0037438
27546724	1293	1298	lower	T052	C2003888
27546724	1299	1303	risk	T078	C0035647
27546724	1307	1315	incident	T067	C1551358
27546724	1316	1319	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	1362	1370	recovery	T040	C2004454
27546724	1372	1384	Participants	T098	C0679646
27546724	1390	1394	good	T080	C0205170
27546724	1395	1413	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27546724	1417	1425	baseline	T081	C1442488
27546724	1460	1463	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	1464	1472	recovery	T040	C2004454
27546724	1474	1480	People	T098	C0027361
27546724	1494	1500	stable	T080	C0205360
27546724	1506	1518	relationship	T080	C0439849
27546724	1520	1526	stable	T080	C0205360
27546724	1530	1534	good	T080	C0205170
27546724	1535	1542	quality	T080	C0332306
27546724	1546	1566	social relationships	T033	C1821395
27546724	1570	1579	increased	T081	C0205217
27546724	1583	1590	quality	T080	C0332306
27546724	1594	1614	social relationships	T033	C1821395
27546724	1633	1636	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	1637	1645	recovery	T040	C2004454
27546724	1647	1651	Good	T080	C0205170
27546724	1652	1670	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27546724	1674	1689	associated with	T080	C0332281
27546724	1690	1694	less	T081	C0439092
27546724	1695	1703	incident	T067	C1551358
27546724	1704	1707	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	1712	1716	more	T081	C0205172
27546724	1717	1720	SMC	T048	C0233794
27546724	1721	1729	recovery	T040	C2004454
27546724	1737	1746	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27546724	1747	1753	period	T079	C1948053
27546724	1761	1766	years	T079	C0439234
27546724	1775	1781	future	T079	C0016884
27546724	1782	1794	confirmative	T033	C0750484
27546724	1795	1802	studies	T062	C0008972
27546724	1828	1837	targeting	T169	C1521840
27546724	1843	1861	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27546724	1867	1876	designing	T052	C1707689
27546724	1877	1902	multidomain interventions	T058	C1273869
27546724	1906	1913	prevent	T080	C2700409
27546724	1927	1944	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656

27547341|t|Fitness implications of seasonal climate variation in Columbian ground squirrels
27547341|a|The influence of climate change on the fitness of wild populations is often studied in the context of the spring onset of the reproductive season. This focus is relevant for climate influences on reproductive success, but neglects other fitness -relevant periods (e.g., autumn preparation for overwintering). We examined variation in climate variables (temperature, rainfall, snowfall, and snowpack) across the full annual cycle of Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus) for 21 years. We investigated seasonal climate variables that were associated with fitness variables, climate variables that exhibited directional changes across the study period, and finally observed declines in fitness (-0.03 units/year; total decline = 37%) that were associated with directional changes in climate variables. Annual fitness of adult female ground squirrels was positively associated with spring temperature (r = 0.69) and early summer rainfall (r = 0.56) and negatively associated with spring snow conditions (r = -0.44 to -0.66). Across the 21 years, spring snowmelt has become significantly delayed (r = 0.48) and summer rainfall became significantly reduced (r = -0.53). Using a standardized partial regression model, we found that directional changes in the timing of spring snowmelt and early summer rainfall (i.e., progressively drier summers) had moderate influences on annual fitness, with the latter statistically significant (ρ = -0.314 and 0.437, respectively). The summer period corresponds to prehibernation fattening of young and adult ground squirrels. Had we focused on a single point in time (viz. the onset of the breeding season), we would have underestimated the influences of climate change on our population. Rather, we obtained a comprehensive understanding of the influences of climate change on individual fitness by investigating the full lifecycle.
27547341	0	7	Fitness	T056	C1456706
27547341	24	50	seasonal climate variation	T070	C2584332
27547341	54	80	Columbian ground squirrels	T015	C1015596
27547341	85	94	influence	T077	C4054723
27547341	98	112	climate change	T070	C2718051
27547341	120	127	fitness	T056	C1456706
27547341	131	135	wild	T170	C0445392
27547341	136	147	populations	T098	C1257890
27547341	187	193	spring	T079	C0241232
27547341	207	226	reproductive season	T079	C0035156
27547341	255	262	climate	T070	C0008946
27547341	263	273	influences	T077	C4054723
27547341	277	289	reproductive	T040	C0035150
27547341	318	325	fitness	T056	C1456706
27547341	336	343	periods	T079	C1948053
27547341	351	357	autumn	T079	C0238715
27547341	374	387	overwintering	T079	C0241737
27547341	415	422	climate	T070	C0008946
27547341	423	432	variables	T080	C0439828
27547341	434	445	temperature	T081	C0039476
27547341	447	455	rainfall	T070	C0034640
27547341	457	465	snowfall	T070	C0037386
27547341	471	479	snowpack	T070	C0037386
27547341	497	509	annual cycle	T079	C1254367
27547341	513	539	Columbian ground squirrels	T015	C1015596
27547341	541	564	Urocitellus columbianus	T015	C1015596
27547341	596	622	seasonal climate variables	T070	C2584332
27547341	633	648	associated with	T080	C0332281
27547341	649	656	fitness	T056	C1456706
27547341	657	666	variables	T080	C0439828
27547341	668	675	climate	T070	C0008946
27547341	676	685	variables	T080	C0439828
27547341	701	712	directional	T082	C0449738
27547341	713	720	changes	T169	C0392747
27547341	732	744	study period	T079	C1948053
27547341	779	786	fitness	T056	C1456706
27547341	837	852	associated with	T080	C0332281
27547341	853	864	directional	T082	C0449738
27547341	865	872	changes	T169	C0392747
27547341	876	883	climate	T070	C0008946
27547341	884	893	variables	T080	C0439828
27547341	895	901	Annual	T079	C0332181
27547341	902	909	fitness	T056	C1456706
27547341	913	918	adult	T100	C0001675
27547341	919	925	female	T032	C0086287
27547341	926	942	ground squirrels	T015	C1015596
27547341	958	973	associated with	T080	C0332281
27547341	974	980	spring	T079	C0241232
27547341	981	992	temperature	T081	C0039476
27547341	1014	1020	summer	T079	C0241301
27547341	1021	1029	rainfall	T070	C0034640
27547341	1056	1071	associated with	T080	C0332281
27547341	1072	1078	spring	T079	C0241232
27547341	1079	1094	snow conditions	T070	C0037386
27547341	1138	1144	spring	T079	C0241232
27547341	1145	1153	snowmelt	T070	C0037386
27547341	1202	1208	summer	T079	C0241301
27547341	1209	1217	rainfall	T070	C0034640
27547341	1268	1305	standardized partial regression model	T170	C3161035
27547341	1321	1332	directional	T082	C0449738
27547341	1333	1340	changes	T169	C0392747
27547341	1358	1364	spring	T079	C0241232
27547341	1365	1373	snowmelt	T070	C0037386
27547341	1384	1390	summer	T079	C0241301
27547341	1391	1399	rainfall	T070	C0034640
27547341	1427	1434	summers	T079	C0241301
27547341	1449	1459	influences	T077	C4054723
27547341	1463	1469	annual	T079	C0332181
27547341	1470	1477	fitness	T056	C1456706
27547341	1495	1520	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27547341	1563	1576	summer period	T079	C0241301
27547341	1592	1616	prehibernation fattening	T040	C0019516
27547341	1620	1625	young	T079	C0332239
27547341	1630	1635	adult	T100	C0001675
27547341	1636	1652	ground squirrels	T015	C1015596
27547341	1674	1694	single point in time	T079	C1292424
27547341	1718	1726	breeding	T040	C0006159
27547341	1727	1733	season	T079	C0036497
27547341	1769	1779	influences	T077	C4054723
27547341	1783	1797	climate change	T070	C2718051
27547341	1805	1815	population	T098	C1257890
27547341	1874	1884	influences	T077	C4054723
27547341	1888	1902	climate change	T070	C2718051
27547341	1917	1924	fitness	T056	C1456706
27547341	1928	1941	investigating	T169	C1292732
27547341	1951	1960	lifecycle	T079	C0023675

27547432|t|Risk stratification for major adverse cardiac events and ventricular tachyarrhythmias by cardiac MRI in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis
27547432|a|The presence of myocardial fibrosis by cardiac MRI has prognostic value in cardiac sarcoidosis, and localisation may be equally relevant to clinical outcomes. We aimed to analyse cardiac damage and function in detail and explore the relationship with clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis using cardiac MRI. We included 81 consecutive patients with cardiac sarcoidosis undergoing cardiac MR. Left ventricular mass and fibrosis mass were calculated, and localisation was analysed using a 17-segment model. Participants underwent follow-up through 2015, and the development of major adverse cardiac events including ventricular tachyarrhythmias was recorded. Increased left ventricular fibrosis mass was associated with increased prevalence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (p<0.001). When localisation was defined as the sum of late gadolinium enhancement in the left ventricular basal anterior and basal anteroseptal area s, or the right ventricular area, it was associated with ventricular tachyarrhythmias (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis during a median follow-up of 22.1 months showed that both the mass and localisation groupings for fibrosis were significantly associated with major adverse cardiac events or ventricular tachyarrhythmias and that when combined, the risk stratification was better than for each variable alone (p<0.001, respectively). By Cox-proportional hazard risk analysis, the localisation grouping was an independent predictor for the both. In patients with cardiac sarcoidosis, both fibrosis mass and its localisation to the basal anterior / anteroseptal left ventricle, or right ventricle was associated with the development of major adverse cardiac events or ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Cardiac MR with late gadolinium enhancement may be useful for improving risk stratification in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis.
27547432	0	4	Risk	T078	C0035647
27547432	5	19	stratification	T062	C1514983
27547432	24	29	major	T080	C0205164
27547432	30	52	adverse cardiac events	T033	C1556247
27547432	57	85	ventricular tachyarrhythmias	T047	C0042514
27547432	89	100	cardiac MRI	T060	C0412692
27547432	104	112	patients	T101	C0030705
27547432	118	137	cardiac sarcoidosis	T047	C0392077
27547432	154	173	myocardial fibrosis	T046	C0151654
27547432	177	188	cardiac MRI	T060	C0412692
27547432	193	209	prognostic value	T201	C1514474
27547432	213	232	cardiac sarcoidosis	T047	C0392077
27547432	238	250	localisation	T169	C0475264
27547432	266	274	relevant	T080	C2347946
27547432	278	295	clinical outcomes	T033	C0243095
27547432	317	331	cardiac damage	T033	C3844005
27547432	336	344	function	T042	C0232164
27547432	389	406	clinical outcomes	T033	C0243095
27547432	410	418	patients	T101	C0030705
27547432	424	443	cardiac sarcoidosis	T047	C0392077
27547432	450	461	cardiac MRI	T060	C0412692
27547432	478	489	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27547432	490	498	patients	T101	C0030705
27547432	504	523	cardiac sarcoidosis	T047	C0392077
27547432	535	545	cardiac MR	T060	C0412692
27547432	547	568	Left ventricular mass	T033	C0455825
27547432	573	581	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27547432	582	586	mass	T033	C0577559
27547432	608	620	localisation	T169	C0475264
27547432	642	658	17-segment model	T075	C0026336
27547432	660	672	Participants	T098	C0679646
27547432	683	692	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27547432	715	726	development	T169	C1527148
27547432	730	735	major	T080	C0205164
27547432	736	758	adverse cardiac events	T033	C1556247
27547432	769	797	ventricular tachyarrhythmias	T047	C0042514
27547432	812	821	Increased	T081	C0205217
27547432	822	838	left ventricular	T023	C0225897
27547432	839	847	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27547432	848	852	mass	T033	C0577559
27547432	873	882	increased	T081	C0205217
27547432	883	893	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27547432	897	925	ventricular tachyarrhythmias	T047	C0042514
27547432	942	954	localisation	T169	C0475264
27547432	981	1008	late gadolinium enhancement	T130	C3249258
27547432	1016	1047	left ventricular basal anterior	T023	C4288836
27547432	1052	1075	basal anteroseptal area	T023	C4288834
27547432	1086	1108	right ventricular area	T023	C0456871
27547432	1133	1161	ventricular tachyarrhythmias	T047	C0042514
27547432	1173	1194	Kaplan-Meier analysis	T081	C1720943
27547432	1204	1210	median	T081	C0876920
27547432	1211	1220	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27547432	1257	1261	mass	T033	C0577559
27547432	1266	1278	localisation	T169	C0475264
27547432	1293	1301	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27547432	1337	1342	major	T080	C0205164
27547432	1343	1365	adverse cardiac events	T033	C1556247
27547432	1369	1397	ventricular tachyarrhythmias	T047	C0042514
27547432	1426	1430	risk	T078	C0035647
27547432	1431	1445	stratification	T062	C1514983
27547432	1450	1456	better	T080	C0332272
27547432	1514	1551	Cox-proportional hazard risk analysis	T081,T170	C0010235
27547432	1557	1569	localisation	T169	C0475264
27547432	1570	1578	grouping	T169	C1522242
27547432	1586	1597	independent	T033	C1299583
27547432	1598	1607	predictor	T078	C2698872
27547432	1625	1633	patients	T101	C0030705
27547432	1639	1658	cardiac sarcoidosis	T047	C0392077
27547432	1665	1673	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27547432	1674	1678	mass	T033	C0577559
27547432	1687	1699	localisation	T169	C0475264
27547432	1707	1721	basal anterior	T023	C0555926
27547432	1724	1751	anteroseptal left ventricle	T023	C1300766
27547432	1756	1771	right ventricle	T023	C0456871
27547432	1796	1807	development	T169	C1527148
27547432	1811	1816	major	T080	C0205164
27547432	1817	1839	adverse cardiac events	T033	C1556247
27547432	1843	1871	ventricular tachyarrhythmias	T047	C0042514
27547432	1873	1883	Cardiac MR	T060	C0412692
27547432	1889	1916	late gadolinium enhancement	T130	C3249258
27547432	1935	1944	improving	T080	C1272745
27547432	1945	1949	risk	T078	C0035647
27547432	1950	1964	stratification	T062	C1514983
27547432	1968	1976	patients	T101	C0030705
27547432	1982	2001	cardiac sarcoidosis	T047	C0392077

27547536|t|Flash visual evoked potentials in diurnal birds of prey
27547536|a|The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility of Flash Visual Evoked Potentials (FVEPs) testing in birds of prey in a clinical setting and to describe the protocol and the baseline data for normal vision in this species. FVEP recordings were obtained from 6 normal adult birds of prey: n. 2 Harris's Hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus), n. 1 Lanner Falcon (Falco biarmicus), n. 2 Gyrfalcons (Falco rusticolus) and n. 1 Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug). Before carrying out VEP tests, all animals underwent neurologic and ophthalmic routine examination. Waveforms were analysed to identify reproducible peaks from random variation of baseline. At least three positive and negative peaks were highlighted in all tracks with elevated repeatability. Measurements consisted of the absolute and relative latencies of these peaks (P1, N1, P2, N2, P3, and N3) and their peak-to-peak amplitudes. Both the peak latency and wave morphology achieved from normal animals were similar to those obtained previously in other animal species. This test can be easily and safely performed in a clinical setting in birds of prey and could be useful for an objective assessment of visual function.
27547536	0	30	Flash visual evoked potentials	T059	C0429415
27547536	34	55	diurnal birds of prey	T012	C0999241
27547536	60	69	objective	T170	C0018017
27547536	78	89	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27547536	97	105	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27547536	110	121	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27547536	125	155	Flash Visual Evoked Potentials	T059	C0429415
27547536	157	162	FVEPs	T059	C0429415
27547536	164	171	testing	T169	C0039593
27547536	175	188	birds of prey	T012	C0600536
27547536	194	210	clinical setting	T082	C3176918
27547536	231	239	protocol	T170	C0442711
27547536	248	256	baseline	T081	C1442488
27547536	257	261	data	T078	C1511726
27547536	266	279	normal vision	T033	C0234622
27547536	288	295	species	T185	C1705920
27547536	297	301	FVEP	T059	C0429415
27547536	341	346	adult	T100	C0001675
27547536	347	360	birds of prey	T012	C0600536
27547536	367	381	Harris's Hawks	T012	C1232279
27547536	383	403	Parabuteo unicinctus	T012	C1232279
27547536	411	424	Lanner Falcon	T012	C1627575
27547536	426	441	Falco biarmicus	T012	C1627575
27547536	449	459	Gyrfalcons	T012	C0325580
27547536	461	477	Falco rusticolus	T012	C0325580
27547536	488	500	Saker Falcon	T012	C1641426
27547536	502	515	Falco cherrug	T012	C1641426
27547536	538	547	VEP tests	T060	C0546834
27547536	553	560	animals	T008	C0003062
27547536	571	581	neurologic	T060	C0027853
27547536	586	616	ophthalmic routine examination	T061	C0200149
27547536	618	627	Waveforms	T070	C0450448
27547536	633	641	analysed	T062	C0936012
27547536	678	684	random	T080	C0439605
27547536	685	694	variation	T080	C0205419
27547536	698	706	baseline	T081	C1442488
27547536	723	731	positive	T033	C1446409
27547536	736	750	negative peaks	T033	C0205160
27547536	811	823	Measurements	T169	C0242485
27547536	841	887	absolute and relative latencies of these peaks	T034	C0456452
27547536	927	950	peak-to-peak amplitudes	T034	C0429417
27547536	961	973	peak latency	T034	C0456452
27547536	978	993	wave morphology	T082	C0543482
27547536	1008	1022	normal animals	T096	C0009932
27547536	1074	1088	animal species	T008	C0003062
27547536	1095	1099	test	T059	C0022885
27547536	1140	1156	clinical setting	T082	C3176918
27547536	1160	1173	birds of prey	T012	C0600536
27547536	1201	1210	objective	T170	C0018017
27547536	1211	1221	assessment	T058	C0220825
27547536	1225	1240	visual function	T040	C0042789

27548715|t|When emotion and expression diverge: The social costs of Parkinson's disease
27548715|a|Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are perceived more negatively than their healthy peers, yet it remains unclear what factors contribute to this negative social perception. Based on a cohort of 17 PD patients and 20 healthy controls, we assessed how naïve raters judge the emotion and emotional intensity displayed in dynamic facial expressions as adults with and without PD watched emotionally evocative films (Experiment 1), and how age -matched peers naïve to patients ' disease status judge their social desirability along various dimensions from audiovisual stimuli (interview excerpts) recorded after certain films (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, participants with PD were rated as significantly more facially expressive than healthy controls; moreover, ratings demonstrated that PD patients were routinely mistaken for experiencing a negative emotion, whereas controls were rated as displaying a more positive emotion than they reported feeling. In Experiment 2, results showed that age-peers rated PD patients as significantly less socially desirable than control participants. Specifically, PD patients were rated as less involved, interested, friendly, intelligent, optimistic, attentive, and physically attractive than healthy controls. Taken together, our results point to a disconnect between how PD patients report feeling and attributions that others make about their emotions and social characteristics, underlining significant social challenges of the disease. In particular, changes in the ability to modulate the expression of negative emotions may contribute to the negative social impressions that many PD patients face.
27548715	5	12	emotion	T041	C0013987
27548715	17	27	expression	T033	C0015457
27548715	41	53	social costs	UnknownType	C0814661
27548715	57	76	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27548715	77	85	Patients	T101	C0030705
27548715	91	110	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27548715	112	114	PD	T047	C0030567
27548715	120	129	perceived	T041	C0030971
27548715	135	145	negatively	T033	C0205160
27548715	157	164	healthy	T080	C3898900
27548715	165	170	peers	T098	C0679739
27548715	200	207	factors	T169	C1521761
27548715	208	218	contribute	T052	C1880177
27548715	227	235	negative	T033	C0205160
27548715	236	253	social perception	T041	C0037427
27548715	266	272	cohort	T098	C0599755
27548715	279	281	PD	T047	C0030567
27548715	282	290	patients	T101	C0030705
27548715	298	314	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27548715	319	327	assessed	T052	C1516048
27548715	355	362	emotion	T041	C0013987
27548715	367	376	emotional	T033	C0849912
27548715	377	386	intensity	T080	C0522510
27548715	387	396	displayed	T169	C0870432
27548715	400	407	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27548715	408	426	facial expressions	T033	C0015457
27548715	430	436	adults	T100	C0001675
27548715	454	456	PD	T047	C0030567
27548715	457	464	watched	T041	C2371283
27548715	465	476	emotionally	T041	C0013987
27548715	487	492	films	T170	C4019020
27548715	494	504	Experiment	T062	C0681814
27548715	517	520	age	T032	C0001779
27548715	530	535	peers	T098	C0679739
27548715	545	553	patients	T101	C0030705
27548715	556	563	disease	T047	C0012634
27548715	583	602	social desirability	T054	C0037408
27548715	617	627	dimensions	T081	C0439534
27548715	633	644	audiovisual	T170	C2936644
27548715	645	652	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27548715	654	672	interview excerpts	T097	C0021821
27548715	697	702	films	T170	C4019020
27548715	704	714	Experiment	T062	C0681814
27548715	722	732	Experiment	T062	C0681814
27548715	736	748	participants	T098	C0679646
27548715	754	756	PD	T047	C0030567
27548715	762	767	rated	T052	C0871208
27548715	771	789	significantly more	T081	C4055637
27548715	790	809	facially expressive	T033	C0015457
27548715	815	831	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27548715	843	850	ratings	T052	C0871208
27548715	869	871	PD	T047	C0030567
27548715	872	880	patients	T101	C0030705
27548715	909	921	experiencing	T041	C0596545
27548715	924	932	negative	T033	C0205160
27548715	933	940	emotion	T041	C0013987
27548715	950	958	controls	T080	C0243148
27548715	964	969	rated	T052	C0871208
27548715	973	983	displaying	T169	C0870432
27548715	991	999	positive	T033	C1446409
27548715	1000	1007	emotion	T041	C0013987
27548715	1018	1026	reported	T058	C0700287
27548715	1027	1034	feeling	T041	C1527305
27548715	1039	1049	Experiment	T062	C0681814
27548715	1053	1060	results	T034	C0456984
27548715	1073	1082	age-peers	T098	C0679739
27548715	1083	1088	rated	T052	C0871208
27548715	1089	1091	PD	T047	C0030567
27548715	1092	1100	patients	T101	C0030705
27548715	1104	1122	significantly less	T081	C4055638
27548715	1123	1141	socially desirable	T054	C0037408
27548715	1147	1154	control	T080	C0243148
27548715	1155	1167	participants	T098	C0679646
27548715	1183	1185	PD	T047	C0030567
27548715	1186	1194	patients	T101	C0030705
27548715	1200	1205	rated	T052	C0871208
27548715	1214	1222	involved	T169	C1314939
27548715	1224	1234	interested	T041	C0543488
27548715	1236	1244	friendly	T080	C2700214
27548715	1259	1269	optimistic	T033	C0564470
27548715	1286	1307	physically attractive	T080	C2346874
27548715	1313	1329	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27548715	1351	1358	results	T034	C0456984
27548715	1393	1395	PD	T047	C0030567
27548715	1396	1404	patients	T101	C0030705
27548715	1405	1411	report	T058	C0700287
27548715	1412	1419	feeling	T041	C1527305
27548715	1424	1436	attributions	T041	C0596130
27548715	1466	1474	emotions	T041	C0013987
27548715	1479	1501	social characteristics	T055	C0037401
27548715	1515	1526	significant	T078	C0750502
27548715	1527	1544	social challenges	T080	C0699806
27548715	1552	1559	disease	T047	C0012634
27548715	1576	1583	changes	T169	C0392747
27548715	1591	1598	ability	T032	C0085732
27548715	1602	1610	modulate	T082	C0443264
27548715	1615	1625	expression	T033	C0015457
27548715	1629	1637	negative	T033	C0205160
27548715	1638	1646	emotions	T041	C0013987
27548715	1651	1661	contribute	T052	C1880177
27548715	1669	1677	negative	T033	C0205160
27548715	1678	1684	social	T169	C0728831
27548715	1685	1696	impressions	T055	C0596764
27548715	1707	1709	PD	T047	C0030567
27548715	1710	1718	patients	T101	C0030705

27548784|t|Acute Kinematic and Kinetic Adaptations to Wearable Resistance During Sprint Acceleration
27548784|a|Macadam, P, Simperingham, KD, and Cronin, JB. Acute kinematic and kinetic adaptations to wearable resistance during sprint acceleration. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1297-1304, 2017- Wearable resistance (WR) in the form of weighted vests and shorts enables movement-specific sprint running to be performed under load. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute changes in kinematics and kinetics when an additional load equivalent to 3% body mass (BM) was attached to the anterior or posterior surface of the lower limbs during sprint running. Nineteen male rugby athletes (age: 19.7 ± 2.3 years; body mass: 96.1 ± 16.5 kg; height: 181 ± 6.5 cm) volunteered to participate in the study. Subjects performed six 20 m sprints in a randomized fashion wearing no resistance or 3% BM affixed to the anterior (quadriceps and tibialis anterior) or posterior (hamstring and gastrocnemius) surface of the lower limbs (2 sprints per condition). Optojump and radar were used to quantify sprint times, horizontal velocity, contact and flight times, and step length and frequency. A repeated measures analysis of variance with post hoc contrasts was used to determine differences (p ≤ 0.05) between conditions. No significant differences were found between the anterior and posterior WR conditions in any of the variables of interest. There was no significant change in sprint times over the initial 10 m, however, the 10-20 m split times were significantly slower (-2.2 to -2.9%) for the WR conditions compared with the unloaded sprints. A significant change in the relative force-velocity (F-v) slope (-10.5 to -10.9%) and theoretical maximum velocity (V0) (-5.4 to -6.5%) was found, whereas a nonsignificant increase in theoretical maximum force (F0) (4.9-5.2%) occurred. Wearable resistance of 3% BM may be a suitable training modality to enhance sprint acceleration performance by overloading the athlete without negatively affecting sprint running technique.
27548784	0	5	Acute	T079	C0205178
27548784	6	15	Kinematic	T070	C1254365
27548784	20	27	Kinetic	T070	C0022702
27548784	28	39	Adaptations	T038	C0392673
27548784	43	62	Wearable Resistance	T169	C4281815
27548784	70	89	Sprint Acceleration	T067	C0000894
27548784	136	141	Acute	T079	C0205178
27548784	142	151	kinematic	T070	C1254365
27548784	156	163	kinetic	T070	C0022702
27548784	164	175	adaptations	T038	C0392673
27548784	179	198	wearable resistance	T169	C4281815
27548784	206	225	sprint acceleration	T067	C0000894
27548784	271	290	Wearable resistance	T169	C4281815
27548784	292	294	WR	T169	C4281815
27548784	311	319	weighted	T081	C0043100
27548784	320	325	vests	T073	C0453884
27548784	330	336	shorts	T073	C0453933
27548784	345	377	movement-specific sprint running	T056	C0035953
27548784	384	393	performed	T169	C0884358
27548784	400	404	load	T078	C1254370
27548784	426	431	study	T170	C0085973
27548784	453	458	acute	T079	C0205178
27548784	459	466	changes	T169	C0392747
27548784	470	480	kinematics	T070	C1254365
27548784	485	493	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27548784	513	517	load	T078	C1254370
27548784	535	544	body mass	T033	C0518010
27548784	546	548	BM	T033	C0518010
27548784	570	578	anterior	T082	C0205094
27548784	582	591	posterior	T082	C0205095
27548784	592	599	surface	T082	C0205148
27548784	607	618	lower limbs	T023	C0023216
27548784	626	640	sprint running	T056	C0035953
27548784	651	655	male	T032	C0086582
27548784	656	661	rugby	T056	C0035945
27548784	662	670	athletes	T097	C0238703
27548784	672	675	age	T032	C0001779
27548784	688	693	years	T079	C0439234
27548784	695	704	body mass	T033	C0518010
27548784	722	728	height	T032	C0489786
27548784	744	755	volunteered	T098	C0020155
27548784	759	770	participate	T169	C0679823
27548784	778	783	study	T170	C0085973
27548784	785	793	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27548784	794	803	performed	T169	C0884358
27548784	813	820	sprints	T056	C0871707
27548784	826	844	randomized fashion	T062	C2986910
27548784	856	866	resistance	T169	C4281815
27548784	873	875	BM	T033	C0518010
27548784	891	899	anterior	T082	C0205094
27548784	901	911	quadriceps	T023	C0224440
27548784	916	924	tibialis	T023	C1710422
27548784	925	933	anterior	T082	C0205094
27548784	938	947	posterior	T082	C0205095
27548784	949	958	hamstring	T023	C0584895
27548784	963	976	gastrocnemius	T023	C0242691
27548784	978	985	surface	T082	C0205148
27548784	993	1004	lower limbs	T023	C0023216
27548784	1008	1015	sprints	T056	C0871707
27548784	1020	1029	condition	T080	C0348080
27548784	1032	1040	Optojump	T073	C3273359
27548784	1045	1050	radar	T073	C0034513
27548784	1064	1072	quantify	T081	C1709793
27548784	1073	1085	sprint times	T081	C1632851
27548784	1087	1097	horizontal	T082	C0205126
27548784	1098	1106	velocity	T081	C0439830
27548784	1108	1132	contact and flight times	T081	C0392762
27548784	1138	1149	step length	T033	C0427126
27548784	1154	1163	frequency	T079	C0439603
27548784	1167	1205	repeated measures analysis of variance	T081	C0002780
27548784	1211	1229	post hoc contrasts	T081	C0392762
27548784	1252	1263	differences	T081	C1705241
27548784	1283	1293	conditions	T080	C0348080
27548784	1295	1321	No significant differences	T033	C3842396
27548784	1345	1353	anterior	T082	C0205094
27548784	1358	1367	posterior	T082	C0205095
27548784	1368	1370	WR	T169	C4281815
27548784	1371	1381	conditions	T080	C0348080
27548784	1396	1405	variables	T080	C0439828
27548784	1429	1450	no significant change	T033	C0442739
27548784	1454	1466	sprint times	T081	C1632851
27548784	1511	1522	split times	T081	C1632851
27548784	1573	1575	WR	T169	C4281815
27548784	1576	1586	conditions	T080	C0348080
27548784	1614	1621	sprints	T056	C0871707
27548784	1625	1643	significant change	T080	C3854148
27548784	1651	1686	relative force-velocity (F-v) slope	T081	C0808376
27548784	1709	1737	theoretical maximum velocity	T081	C0439830
27548784	1739	1741	V0	T081	C0439830
27548784	1807	1832	theoretical maximum force	T067	C0441722
27548784	1834	1836	F0	T067	C0441722
27548784	1859	1878	Wearable resistance	T169	C4281815
27548784	1885	1887	BM	T033	C0518010
27548784	1906	1914	training	T061	C0454374
27548784	1915	1923	modality	T078	C0695347
27548784	1935	1954	sprint acceleration	T067	C0000894
27548784	1955	1966	performance	T055	C0597198
27548784	1986	1993	athlete	T097	C0238703
27548784	2023	2037	sprint running	T056	C0035953
27548784	2038	2047	technique	T169	C0449851

27548895|t|Perceptual Learning in Children With Infantile Nystagmus: Effects on Visual Performance
27548895|a|To evaluate whether computerized training with a crowded or uncrowded letter-discrimination task reduces visual impairment (VI) in 6- to 11- year-old children with infantile nystagmus (IN) who suffer from increased foveal crowding, reduced visual acuity, and reduced stereopsis. Thirty-six children with IN were included. Eighteen had idiopathic IN and 18 had oculocutaneous albinism. These children were divided in two training groups matched on age and diagnosis: a crowded training group (n = 18) and an uncrowded training group (n = 18). Training occurred two times per week during 5 weeks (3500 trials per training). Eleven age - matched children with normal vision were included to assess baseline differences in task performance and test-retest learning. Main outcome measures were task - specific performance, distance and near visual acuity (DVA and NVA), intensity and extent of (foveal) crowding at 5 m and 40 cm, and stereopsis. Training resulted in task - specific improvements. Both training groups also showed uncrowded and crowded DVA improvements (0.10 ± 0.02 and 0.11 ± 0.02 logMAR) and improved stereopsis (670 ± 249″). Crowded NVA improved only in the crowded training group (0.15 ± 0.02 logMAR), which was also the only group showing a reduction in near crowding intensity (0.08 ± 0.03 logMAR). Effects were not due to test-retest learning. Perceptual learning with or without distractors reduces the extent of crowding and improves visual acuity in children with IN. Training with distractors improves near vision more than training with single optotypes. Perceptual learning also transfers to DVA and NVA under uncrowded and crowded conditions and even stereopsis. Learning curves indicated that improvements may be larger after longer training.
27548895	0	19	Perceptual Learning	T041	C0870923
27548895	23	31	Children	T100	C0008059
27548895	37	56	Infantile Nystagmus	T047	C1533172
27548895	58	65	Effects	T080	C1280500
27548895	69	75	Visual	T169	C0234621
27548895	76	87	Performance	T052	C1882330
27548895	91	99	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27548895	108	129	computerized training	T066	C0009609
27548895	137	184	crowded or uncrowded letter-discrimination task	T061	C0846701
27548895	193	210	visual impairment	T033	C3665347
27548895	212	214	VI	T033	C3665347
27548895	229	237	year-old	T079	C0439234
27548895	238	246	children	T100	C0008059
27548895	252	271	infantile nystagmus	T047	C1533172
27548895	273	275	IN	T047	C1533172
27548895	293	302	increased	T081	C0205217
27548895	303	318	foveal crowding	T033	C3540840
27548895	320	327	reduced	T080	C0392756
27548895	328	341	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27548895	347	354	reduced	T080	C0392756
27548895	355	365	stereopsis	T041	C0011586
27548895	378	386	children	T100	C0008059
27548895	392	394	IN	T047	C1533172
27548895	400	408	included	T169	C0332257
27548895	423	433	idiopathic	T169	C0332240
27548895	434	436	IN	T047	C1533172
27548895	448	471	oculocutaneous albinism	T019	C0078918
27548895	479	487	children	T100	C0008059
27548895	493	500	divided	T169	C0332849
27548895	517	523	groups	T098	C1257890
27548895	535	538	age	T032	C0001779
27548895	543	552	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27548895	556	563	crowded	T033	C3540840
27548895	564	578	training group	T098	C1257890
27548895	605	619	training group	T098	C1257890
27548895	630	638	Training	T065	C0220931
27548895	639	647	occurred	T052	C1709305
27548895	662	666	week	T079	C0439230
27548895	676	681	weeks	T079	C0439230
27548895	699	707	training	T065	C0220931
27548895	717	720	age	T032	C0001779
27548895	723	730	matched	T080	C1708943
27548895	731	739	children	T100	C0008059
27548895	745	758	normal vision	T033	C0234622
27548895	764	772	included	T169	C0332257
27548895	776	782	assess	T052	C1516048
27548895	783	791	baseline	T081	C1442488
27548895	792	803	differences	T081	C1705241
27548895	807	823	task performance	T061	C0039333
27548895	828	848	test-retest learning	T062	C0237828
27548895	855	871	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27548895	877	881	task	T057	C3540678
27548895	884	892	specific	T080	C0205369
27548895	893	904	performance	T052	C1882330
27548895	906	914	distance	T201	C0429537
27548895	919	937	near visual acuity	T032	C0429541
27548895	939	942	DVA	T201	C0429537
27548895	947	950	NVA	T032	C0429541
27548895	953	962	intensity	T080	C0522510
27548895	967	976	extent of	T080	C0449269
27548895	978	984	foveal	T041	C0870583
27548895	986	994	crowding	T033	C3540840
27548895	1017	1027	stereopsis	T041	C0011586
27548895	1029	1037	Training	T065	C0220931
27548895	1038	1046	resulted	T169	C1274040
27548895	1050	1054	task	T057	C3540678
27548895	1057	1065	specific	T080	C0205369
27548895	1066	1078	improvements	T077	C2986411
27548895	1085	1100	training groups	T098	C1257890
27548895	1113	1122	uncrowded	T033	C0243095
27548895	1127	1134	crowded	T033	C3540840
27548895	1135	1138	DVA	T201	C0429537
27548895	1139	1151	improvements	T077	C2986411
27548895	1193	1201	improved	T033	C0184511
27548895	1202	1212	stereopsis	T041	C0011586
27548895	1227	1234	Crowded	T033	C3540840
27548895	1235	1238	NVA	T032	C0429541
27548895	1239	1247	improved	T033	C0184511
27548895	1260	1267	crowded	T033	C3540840
27548895	1268	1282	training group	T098	C1257890
27548895	1329	1334	group	T098	C1257890
27548895	1345	1354	reduction	T061	C0441610
27548895	1358	1362	near	T080	C1706276
27548895	1363	1371	crowding	T033	C3540840
27548895	1372	1381	intensity	T080	C0522510
27548895	1404	1411	Effects	T080	C1280500
27548895	1417	1420	not	T033	C1513916
27548895	1428	1448	test-retest learning	T062	C0237828
27548895	1450	1469	Perceptual learning	T041	C0870923
27548895	1486	1497	distractors	T074	C0180482
27548895	1498	1505	reduces	T080	C0392756
27548895	1510	1519	extent of	T080	C0449269
27548895	1520	1528	crowding	T033	C3540840
27548895	1533	1541	improves	T033	C0184511
27548895	1542	1555	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27548895	1559	1567	children	T100	C0008059
27548895	1573	1575	IN	T047	C1533172
27548895	1577	1585	Training	T065	C0220931
27548895	1591	1602	distractors	T074	C0180482
27548895	1603	1611	improves	T033	C0184511
27548895	1612	1623	near vision	T033	C0442776
27548895	1624	1633	more than	T081	C0439093
27548895	1634	1642	training	T065	C0220931
27548895	1648	1664	single optotypes	T074	C0183370
27548895	1666	1685	Perceptual learning	T041	C0870923
27548895	1704	1707	DVA	T201	C0429537
27548895	1712	1715	NVA	T032	C0429541
27548895	1722	1731	uncrowded	T033	C0243095
27548895	1736	1754	crowded conditions	T033	C3540840
27548895	1764	1774	stereopsis	T041	C0011586
27548895	1776	1791	Learning curves	T041	C2936637
27548895	1807	1819	improvements	T077	C2986411
27548895	1827	1833	larger	T081	C0549177
27548895	1840	1846	longer	T080	C0205166
27548895	1847	1855	training	T065	C0220931

27549420|t|Establishing in- hospital geriatrics services in Africa: Insights from the University of Benin Teaching Hospital geriatrics project
27549420|a|Unawareness of the peculiar healthcare needs of the elderly and resource constraints may be some reasons why until recently, Nigerian hospitals have not been equipped with the human and infrastructural resources required to meet older adults ' special healthcare needs. There is paucity of specialized health services for the elderly in Africa. Nigeria, with a population of over 170 million, did not have any healthcare facility with dedicated services for the elderly until 2012. The University of Benin Teaching Hospital (UBTH) in Nigeria was established in 1973 and created its geriatrics unit in October 2013. A prepared environment and trained interdisciplinary teams are pivotal in providing effective healthcare services for the elderly. The ongoing UBTH geriatrics project aims to provide specialized interdisciplinary health services to older adults and to provide training and continuing professional development in geriatrics for healthcare staff. In developing our inpatient services, we adopted the acute care for elders (ACE) model and worked in tandem with the "ABCs" of implementing ACE units. In the face of limited resources, it was possible to establish a functional geriatrics unit with a trained interdisciplinary team. Family participation is central in our practice. Since October 2013, residents and house officers in internal medicine have been undertaking 4- and 12- weekly rotations, respectively. There is also a robust academic program, which includes once- weekly geriatric pharmacotherapy seminars, once- weekly interdisciplinary seminars, and 2- weekly journal club meetings alternating with seminars on geriatric assessment tools. It is possible to establish geriatric services and achieve best practices in resource-limited settings by investing on improving available human resources and infrastructure. We also make recommendations for setting up similar services in other parts of Africa.
27549420	17	25	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27549420	26	45	geriatrics services	T093	C4041524
27549420	49	55	Africa	T083	C0001737
27549420	75	112	University of Benin Teaching Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27549420	113	123	geriatrics	T091	C0017469
27549420	124	131	project	T077	C1709701
27549420	160	170	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27549420	171	176	needs	T080	C0027552
27549420	184	191	elderly	T098	C0001792
27549420	196	204	resource	T078	C0035201
27549420	205	216	constraints	T169	C0443288
27549420	257	265	Nigerian	T083	C0028075
27549420	266	275	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27549420	308	313	human	T081	C0700103
27549420	318	343	infrastructural resources	T081	C0392762
27549420	361	373	older adults	T098	C0001792
27549420	384	394	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27549420	395	400	needs	T080	C0027552
27549420	434	449	health services	T093	C0557829
27549420	458	465	elderly	T098	C0001792
27549420	469	475	Africa	T083	C0001737
27549420	477	484	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27549420	493	503	population	T098	C1257890
27549420	542	561	healthcare facility	T073,T093	C0018704
27549420	577	585	services	T058	C1704289
27549420	594	601	elderly	T098	C0001792
27549420	618	655	University of Benin Teaching Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27549420	657	661	UBTH	T073,T093	C0019994
27549420	666	673	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27549420	714	724	geriatrics	T091	C0017469
27549420	774	805	trained interdisciplinary teams	T058	C0086390
27549420	841	860	healthcare services	T093	C0557829
27549420	869	876	elderly	T098	C0001792
27549420	890	894	UBTH	T073,T093	C0019994
27549420	895	905	geriatrics	T091	C0017469
27549420	906	913	project	T077	C1709701
27549420	942	959	interdisciplinary	T058	C0597720
27549420	960	975	health services	T058	C0018747
27549420	979	991	older adults	T098	C0001792
27549420	1007	1015	training	T065	C0220931
27549420	1031	1055	professional development	T057	C0871147
27549420	1059	1069	geriatrics	T091	C0017469
27549420	1074	1090	healthcare staff	T097	C0557570
27549420	1110	1119	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27549420	1120	1128	services	T058	C1704289
27549420	1145	1166	acute care for elders	T058	C0683810
27549420	1168	1171	ACE	T058	C0683810
27549420	1173	1178	model	T170	C0596657
27549420	1232	1241	ACE units	T170	C0596657
27549420	1266	1275	resources	T078	C0035201
27549420	1319	1334	geriatrics unit	T091	C0017469
27549420	1350	1372	interdisciplinary team	T058	C0086390
27549420	1374	1380	Family	T099	C0015576
27549420	1381	1394	participation	T169	C0679823
27549420	1413	1421	practice	T091	C0086343
27549420	1443	1452	residents	T098	C2347958
27549420	1457	1471	house officers	T097	C0401975
27549420	1475	1492	internal medicine	T121	C0013227
27549420	1526	1532	weekly	T079	C0332174
27549420	1533	1542	rotations	T169	C0035868
27549420	1581	1597	academic program	T033	C3844065
27549420	1620	1626	weekly	T079	C0332174
27549420	1627	1636	geriatric	T080	C1704440
27549420	1637	1652	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27549420	1653	1661	seminars	T058	C2029815
27549420	1669	1675	weekly	T079	C0332174
27549420	1694	1702	seminars	T058	C2029815
27549420	1711	1717	weekly	T079	C0332174
27549420	1718	1739	journal club meetings	T052	C0556656
27549420	1757	1765	seminars	T058	C2029815
27549420	1769	1795	geriatric assessment tools	T170	C2585718
27549420	1825	1843	geriatric services	T093	C4041524
27549420	1861	1870	practices	T091	C0086343
27549420	1936	1951	human resources	T081	C0700103
27549420	1956	1970	infrastructure	T185	C1514880
27549420	2024	2032	services	T093	C0557829
27549420	2051	2057	Africa	T083	C0001737

27550416|t|Modulation of IL-6 induced RANKL expression in arthritic synovium by a transcription factor SOX5
27550416|a|Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) is critically involved in bone erosion of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We previously reported association between younger age at onset of RA and a RANKL promoter SNP that conferred an elevated promoter activity via binding to a transcription factor SOX5. Here we study the regulation of SOX5 levels in relation to RANKL expression in RA synovial fibroblasts (SF) and the development of bone erosion in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse. Our data indicated SOX5 levels were higher in synovium and synovial fluid from RA compared to osteoarthritis patients. Pro-inflammatory cytokines upregulated SOX5 and RANKL expression in both primary RA SF and the rheumatoid synovial fibroblast cell line, MH7A. Overexpression of SOX5 resulted in significantly increased RANKL levels, while knockdown of SOX5 resulted in diminished IL-6 mediated RANKL upregulation in MH7A cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed approximately 3-fold enrichment of RANKL-specific DNA in anti-SOX5 immunoprecipitate in IL-6 treated MH7A cells as compared to untreated cells. Locally silencing SOX5 gene significantly diminished RANKL positive cells and bone erosion in CIA mice. These findings suggest SOX5 is an important regulator of IL-6 - induced RANKL expression in RA SF.
27550416	0	10	Modulation	T082	C0443264
27550416	14	18	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27550416	19	26	induced	T169	C0205263
27550416	27	32	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27550416	33	43	expression	T045	C1171362
27550416	47	56	arthritic	T047	C0003864
27550416	57	65	synovium	T023	C0039099
27550416	71	96	transcription factor SOX5	T116,T123	C2350546
27550416	97	143	Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand	T116,T123	C0666364
27550416	145	150	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27550416	155	165	critically	T080	C1511545
27550416	178	190	bone erosion	T046	C0587240
27550416	194	214	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27550416	216	218	RA	T047	C0003873
27550416	224	234	previously	T079	C0205156
27550416	264	275	younger age	T032	C0001779
27550416	288	290	RA	T047	C0003873
27550416	297	302	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27550416	312	315	SNP	T086	C0752046
27550416	334	342	elevated	T080	C3163633
27550416	365	372	binding	T052	C1145667
27550416	378	403	transcription factor SOX5	T116,T123	C2350546
27550416	413	418	study	T062	C2603343
27550416	423	433	regulation	T043	C1157519
27550416	437	441	SOX5	T116,T123	C2350546
27550416	464	469	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27550416	470	480	expression	T045	C1171362
27550416	484	486	RA	T047	C0003873
27550416	487	495	synovial	T023	C0039099
27550416	496	507	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27550416	509	511	SF	T025	C0016030
27550416	521	532	development	T169	C1527148
27550416	536	548	bone erosion	T046	C0587240
27550416	556	582	collagen-induced arthritis	T050	C0971858
27550416	584	587	CIA	T050	C0971858
27550416	589	594	mouse	T015	C0026809
27550416	600	604	data	T170	C0150098
27550416	605	614	indicated	T033	C1444656
27550416	615	619	SOX5	T116,T123	C2350546
27550416	642	650	synovium	T023	C0039099
27550416	655	669	synovial fluid	T031	C0039097
27550416	675	677	RA	T047	C0003873
27550416	678	686	compared	T052	C1707455
27550416	690	704	osteoarthritis	T047	C0029408
27550416	705	713	patients	T101	C0030705
27550416	715	731	Pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27550416	732	741	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27550416	742	753	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27550416	754	758	SOX5	T116,T123	C2350546
27550416	763	768	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27550416	769	779	expression	T045	C1171362
27550416	796	798	RA	T047	C0003873
27550416	799	801	SF	T025	C0016030
27550416	830	850	fibroblast cell line	UnknownType	C0682524
27550416	852	856	MH7A	T025	C0007634
27550416	858	872	Overexpression	T045	C1514559
27550416	876	880	SOX5	T116,T123	C2350546
27550416	881	889	resulted	T169	C1274040
27550416	893	916	significantly increased	T081	C0205217
27550416	917	922	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27550416	937	946	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27550416	950	954	SOX5	T028	C1420328
27550416	955	963	resulted	T169	C1274040
27550416	967	977	diminished	T081	C0205216
27550416	978	982	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27550416	992	997	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27550416	998	1010	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27550416	1014	1024	MH7A cells	T025	C0007634
27550416	1026	1055	Chromatin immunoprecipitation	T059	C1328856
27550416	1057	1061	ChIP	T059	C1328856
27550416	1070	1083	approximately	T080	C0332232
27550416	1105	1123	RANKL-specific DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27550416	1127	1154	anti-SOX5 immunoprecipitate	T129	C0301871
27550416	1158	1162	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27550416	1163	1170	treated	T169	C1522326
27550416	1171	1181	MH7A cells	T025	C0007634
27550416	1185	1193	compared	T052	C1707455
27550416	1197	1212	untreated cells	T033	C0243095
27550416	1222	1231	silencing	T045	C0598496
27550416	1232	1241	SOX5 gene	T028	C1420328
27550416	1242	1266	significantly diminished	T081	C0205216
27550416	1267	1272	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27550416	1273	1281	positive	T033	C1514241
27550416	1282	1287	cells	T025	C0007634
27550416	1292	1304	bone erosion	T046	C0587240
27550416	1308	1311	CIA	T050	C0971858
27550416	1312	1316	mice	T015	C0026809
27550416	1324	1332	findings	T033	C0243095
27550416	1333	1340	suggest	T078	C1705535
27550416	1341	1345	SOX5	T116,T123	C2350546
27550416	1362	1371	regulator	T077	C1704735
27550416	1375	1379	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27550416	1382	1389	induced	T169	C0205263
27550416	1390	1395	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27550416	1396	1406	expression	T045	C1171362
27550416	1410	1412	RA	T047	C0003873
27550416	1413	1415	SF	T025	C0016030

27550556|t|Examining the relationship between home literacy environment and neural correlates of phonological processing in beginning readers with and without a familial risk for dyslexia: an fMRI study
27550556|a|Developmental dyslexia is a language - based learning disability characterized by persistent difficulty in learning to read. While an understanding of genetic contributions is emerging, the ways the environment affects brain functioning in children with developmental dyslexia are poorly understood. A relationship between the home literacy environment (HLE) and neural correlates of reading has been identified in typically developing children, yet it remains unclear whether similar effects are observable in children with a genetic predisposition for dyslexia. Understanding environmental contributions is important given that we do not understand why some genetically at-risk children do not develop dyslexia. Here, we investigate for the first time the relationship between HLE and the neural correlates of phonological processing in beginning readers with (FHD+, n = 29) and without (FHD-, n = 21) a family history of developmental dyslexia. We further controlled for socioeconomic status to isolate the neurobiological mechanism by which HLE affects reading development. Group differences revealed stronger correlation of HLE with brain activation in the left inferior / middle frontal and right fusiform gyri in FHD- compared to FHD+ children, suggesting greater impact of HLE on manipulation of phonological codes and recruitment of orthographic representations in typically developing children. In contrast, activation in the right precentral gyrus showed a significantly stronger correlation with HLE in FHD+ compared to FHD- children, suggesting emerging compensatory networks in genetically at-risk children. Overall, our results suggest that genetic predisposition for dyslexia alters contributions of HLE to early reading skills before formal reading instruction, which has important implications for educational practice and intervention models.
27550556	14	26	relationship	T080	C0439849
27550556	27	34	between	T082	C0205103
27550556	40	48	literacy	T169	C0023864
27550556	49	60	environment	T082	C0014406
27550556	65	71	neural	T169	C3714606
27550556	72	82	correlates	T080	C1707520
27550556	86	109	phonological processing	T041	C1510627
27550556	113	122	beginning	T079	C0439659
27550556	123	130	readers	UnknownType	C0681860
27550556	150	163	familial risk	T080	C0686731
27550556	168	176	dyslexia	T048	C0476254
27550556	181	191	fMRI study	T060	C3515983
27550556	192	214	Developmental dyslexia	T048	C0920296
27550556	220	228	language	T171	C0023008
27550556	231	236	based	T169	C1527178
27550556	237	256	learning disability	T048	C0751265
27550556	257	270	characterized	T052	C1880022
27550556	285	295	difficulty	T080	C0332218
27550556	299	315	learning to read	T041	C2371288
27550556	326	339	understanding	T041	C0162340
27550556	343	350	genetic	T169	C0314603
27550556	351	364	contributions	T052	C1880177
27550556	391	402	environment	T082	C0014406
27550556	403	410	affects	T041	C0001721
27550556	411	428	brain functioning	T042	C0678908
27550556	432	440	children	T100	C0008059
27550556	446	468	developmental dyslexia	T048	C0920296
27550556	473	479	poorly	T080	C0205169
27550556	480	490	understood	T041	C0162340
27550556	494	506	relationship	T080	C0439849
27550556	507	514	between	T082	C0205103
27550556	519	544	home literacy environment	T082	C0442519
27550556	546	549	HLE	T082	C0442519
27550556	555	561	neural	T169	C3714606
27550556	562	572	correlates	T080	C1707520
27550556	576	583	reading	T056	C0034754
27550556	593	603	identified	T080	C0205396
27550556	607	616	typically	T080	C3538928
27550556	617	627	developing	T067	C0870861
27550556	628	636	children	T100	C0008059
27550556	653	660	unclear	T033	C3845108
27550556	669	676	similar	T080	C2348205
27550556	677	684	effects	T080	C1280500
27550556	689	699	observable	T169	C1441672
27550556	703	711	children	T100	C0008059
27550556	719	741	genetic predisposition	T032	C0314657
27550556	746	754	dyslexia	T048	C0476254
27550556	756	769	Understanding	T041	C0162340
27550556	770	783	environmental	T082	C0014406
27550556	784	797	contributions	T052	C1880177
27550556	801	810	important	T080	C3898777
27550556	825	831	do not	T033	C3840725
27550556	832	842	understand	T041	C0162340
27550556	852	863	genetically	T169	C0314603
27550556	864	871	at-risk	T080	C1444641
27550556	872	880	children	T100	C0008059
27550556	881	887	do not	T033	C3840725
27550556	896	904	dyslexia	T048	C0476254
27550556	915	926	investigate	T169	C1292732
27550556	950	962	relationship	T080	C0439849
27550556	963	970	between	T082	C0205103
27550556	971	974	HLE	T082	C0442519
27550556	983	989	neural	T169	C3714606
27550556	990	1000	correlates	T080	C1707520
27550556	1004	1027	phonological processing	T041	C1510627
27550556	1031	1040	beginning	T079	C0439659
27550556	1041	1048	readers	UnknownType	C0681860
27550556	1055	1059	FHD+	T033	C1272269
27550556	1082	1086	FHD-	T033	C1513916
27550556	1098	1138	family history of developmental dyslexia	T033	C1272269
27550556	1166	1186	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
27550556	1190	1197	isolate	T169	C0205409
27550556	1202	1217	neurobiological	T080	C0205494
27550556	1218	1227	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27550556	1237	1240	HLE	T082	C0442519
27550556	1241	1248	affects	T041	C0001721
27550556	1249	1268	reading development	T041	C0871997
27550556	1270	1275	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
27550556	1276	1287	differences	T054	C0021228
27550556	1288	1296	revealed	T080	C0443289
27550556	1297	1305	stronger	T080	C0442821
27550556	1306	1317	correlation	T080	C1707520
27550556	1321	1324	HLE	T082	C0442519
27550556	1330	1335	brain	T023	C0006104
27550556	1336	1346	activation	T052	C1879547
27550556	1354	1367	left inferior	T023	C2327613
27550556	1370	1384	middle frontal	T023	C0152297
27550556	1389	1408	right fusiform gyri	T023	C2338890
27550556	1412	1416	FHD-	T033	C1513916
27550556	1417	1425	compared	T052	C1707455
27550556	1429	1433	FHD+	T033	C1272269
27550556	1434	1442	children	T100	C0008059
27550556	1455	1462	greater	T081	C1704243
27550556	1463	1469	impact	T080	C4049986
27550556	1473	1476	HLE	T082	C0442519
27550556	1480	1492	manipulation	T053	C0018578
27550556	1496	1514	phonological codes	T170	C0282574
27550556	1534	1562	orthographic representations	T170	C0282574
27550556	1566	1575	typically	T080	C3538928
27550556	1576	1586	developing	T067	C0870861
27550556	1587	1595	children	T100	C0008059
27550556	1610	1620	activation	T052	C1879547
27550556	1628	1650	right precentral gyrus	T023	C2331927
27550556	1660	1682	significantly stronger	T081	C4055637
27550556	1683	1694	correlation	T080	C1707520
27550556	1700	1703	HLE	T082	C0442519
27550556	1707	1711	FHD+	T033	C1272269
27550556	1712	1720	compared	T052	C1707455
27550556	1724	1728	FHD-	T033	C1513916
27550556	1729	1737	children	T100	C0008059
27550556	1759	1771	compensatory	T169	C0231186
27550556	1772	1780	networks	T169	C1882071
27550556	1784	1795	genetically	T169	C0314603
27550556	1796	1803	at-risk	T080	C1444641
27550556	1804	1812	children	T100	C0008059
27550556	1827	1834	results	T169	C1274040
27550556	1835	1842	suggest	T078	C1705535
27550556	1848	1870	genetic predisposition	T032	C0314657
27550556	1875	1883	dyslexia	T048	C0476254
27550556	1884	1890	alters	T169	C0392747
27550556	1891	1904	contributions	T052	C1880177
27550556	1908	1911	HLE	T082	C0442519
27550556	1921	1935	reading skills	T080	C0871220
27550556	1943	1949	formal	T080	C0205307
27550556	1950	1957	reading	T056	C0034754
27550556	1958	1969	instruction	T170	C1442085
27550556	2008	2028	educational practice	T062,T170	C0162587
27550556	2033	2052	intervention models	T170	C3161035

27551182|t|Laparascopic Splenectomy Due to Splenic Injury after Colonoscopy
27551182|a|Colonoscopy, which is routinely performed in diagnosis and treatment of colorectal disorders, is a reliable procedure. Its most frequent complications are bleeding and perforation. Splenic rupture is a very rarely met complication of colonoscopy, and delay in its diagnosis leads to increased morbidity and mortality. We presented a 69 years old female patient, who was diagnosed by computerized abdominal tomography, performed for her abdominal pain, which started following the colonoscopy. After 15 days of medical treatment and follow-up, laparoscopic splenectomy was performed one month after her colonoscopy. The patient was discharged on her 4(th) postoperative day, with uneventful recovery. In patients who have complaint of abdominal pain following colonoscopy, an intraabdominal pathological condition should be considered and computerized abdominal tomography should be performed. If there is no detected intraperitoneal bleeding, in other words, if there is a sub-capsular hematoma of the spleen, medical management by monitoring the vital signs may be preferred. Then, splenectomy should be performed at an appropriate time.
27551182	0	24	Laparascopic Splenectomy	T061	C0519801
27551182	32	46	Splenic Injury	T037	C0160405
27551182	53	64	Colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27551182	65	76	Colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27551182	97	106	performed	T169	C0884358
27551182	110	119	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27551182	124	133	treatment	T061	C0087111
27551182	137	157	colorectal disorders	T047	C2103078
27551182	173	182	procedure	T061	C0184661
27551182	193	201	frequent	T079	C0332183
27551182	202	215	complications	T046	C0009566
27551182	220	228	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27551182	233	244	perforation	T033	C0549099
27551182	246	261	Splenic rupture	T037	C0038000
27551182	272	278	rarely	T080	C0522498
27551182	283	295	complication	T046	C0009566
27551182	299	310	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27551182	316	321	delay	T079	C0205421
27551182	329	338	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27551182	348	357	increased	T081	C0205217
27551182	358	367	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27551182	372	381	mortality	T081	C0205848
27551182	401	410	years old	T079	C1510829
27551182	411	425	female patient	T032	C0150905
27551182	435	444	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27551182	448	481	computerized abdominal tomography	T060	C0412620
27551182	501	515	abdominal pain	T184	C0000737
27551182	545	556	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27551182	567	571	days	T079	C0439228
27551182	575	592	medical treatment	T061	C0087111
27551182	597	606	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27551182	608	632	laparoscopic splenectomy	T061	C0519801
27551182	651	656	month	T079	C0439231
27551182	667	678	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27551182	684	706	patient was discharged	T058	C0030685
27551182	720	737	postoperative day	T079	C0032790
27551182	744	763	uneventful recovery	T052	C0237820
27551182	768	776	patients	T101	C0030705
27551182	786	795	complaint	T033	C0277786
27551182	799	813	abdominal pain	T184	C0000737
27551182	824	835	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27551182	840	854	intraabdominal	T029	C0230168
27551182	855	877	pathological condition	T046	C0752135
27551182	903	936	computerized abdominal tomography	T060	C0412620
27551182	947	956	performed	T169	C0884358
27551182	970	981	no detected	T033	C0442737
27551182	982	997	intraperitoneal	T082	C0442120
27551182	998	1006	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27551182	1038	1073	sub-capsular hematoma of the spleen	T046	C0472809
27551182	1075	1093	medical management	T058	C1444483
27551182	1097	1107	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27551182	1112	1123	vital signs	T201	C0518766
27551182	1148	1159	splenectomy	T061	C0037995
27551182	1186	1197	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27551182	1198	1202	time	T079	C0040223

27551242|t|NAPS - MS: Natalizumab Effects on Parameters of Sleep in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
27551242|a|Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have higher rates of fatigue, mood disturbance, and cognitive impairments than healthy populations. Disease -modifying agents may affect sleep. Although patients taking natalizumab often show improvement in fatigue during the first year of therapy, the mechanism behind this effect is unknown. The aim of the NAPS - MS study was to investigate whether natalizumab affected objective measures of sleep as determined by polysomnography (PSG) and multiple sleep latency testing (MSLT) in patients with MS with fatigue or sleepiness initiating therapy. Additional goals were to evaluate changes in measures of fatigue, mood, and cognition and to correlate these measures with objective sleep measures. Patients underwent PSG and MSLT before their first natalizumab infusion and after their seventh. Patients completed the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and visual analogue scale for fatigue (VAS-F) at their first, fourth, and seventh natalizumab infusions. NeuroTrax cognitive tests and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were performed at the first and seventh natalizumab infusions. Changes in sleep efficiency, wakefulness after sleep onset, and multiple sleep latency from baseline to 6 months of therapy did not reach significance. The FSS, VAS-F, ESS, and HADS scores were significantly improved after 6 months of therapy; cognitive scores were not significantly improved. Although treatment with natalizumab was associated with improvements in fatigue, sleepiness, and mood, changes in objective measures of sleep were not significant.
27551242	0	4	NAPS	T033	C0243095
27551242	7	9	MS	T047	C0026769
27551242	11	22	Natalizumab	T116,T121,T129	C1172734
27551242	23	30	Effects	T080	C1280500
27551242	34	44	Parameters	T077	C0549193
27551242	48	53	Sleep	T040	C0037313
27551242	57	65	Patients	T101	C0030705
27551242	71	89	Multiple Sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27551242	90	98	Patients	T101	C0030705
27551242	104	122	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27551242	124	126	MS	T047	C0026769
27551242	140	145	rates	T081	C1521828
27551242	149	156	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27551242	158	174	mood disturbance	T048	C2939186
27551242	180	201	cognitive impairments	T048	C0338656
27551242	207	214	healthy	T080	C3898900
27551242	215	226	populations	T098	C1257890
27551242	228	235	Disease	T047	C0012634
27551242	247	253	agents	T120	C0450442
27551242	258	264	affect	T041	C0001721
27551242	265	270	sleep	T040	C0037313
27551242	281	289	patients	T101	C0030705
27551242	297	308	natalizumab	T116,T121,T129	C1172734
27551242	320	331	improvement	T077	C2986411
27551242	335	342	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27551242	360	364	year	T079	C0439234
27551242	368	375	therapy	T061	C0087111
27551242	437	441	NAPS	T033	C0243095
27551242	444	446	MS	T047	C0026769
27551242	447	452	study	T062	C2603343
27551242	480	491	natalizumab	T116,T121,T129	C1172734
27551242	511	519	measures	T081	C0079809
27551242	523	528	sleep	T040	C0037313
27551242	546	561	polysomnography	T060	C0162701
27551242	563	566	PSG	T060	C0162701
27551242	572	602	multiple sleep latency testing	T060	C0519186
27551242	604	608	MSLT	T060	C0519186
27551242	613	621	patients	T101	C0030705
27551242	627	629	MS	T047	C0026769
27551242	635	642	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27551242	646	656	sleepiness	T048	C2830004
27551242	668	675	therapy	T061	C0087111
27551242	722	730	measures	T081	C0079809
27551242	734	741	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27551242	743	747	mood	T041	C0026516
27551242	753	762	cognition	T041	C0009240
27551242	786	794	measures	T081	C0079809
27551242	810	815	sleep	T040	C0037313
27551242	816	824	measures	T081	C0079809
27551242	826	834	Patients	T101	C0030705
27551242	845	848	PSG	T060	C0162701
27551242	853	857	MSLT	T060	C0519186
27551242	877	888	natalizumab	T116,T121,T129	C1172734
27551242	889	897	infusion	T061	C0574032
27551242	923	931	Patients	T101	C0030705
27551242	946	975	Modified Fatigue Impact Scale	T170	C3810705
27551242	977	999	Fatigue Severity Scale	T170	C3813323
27551242	1001	1004	FSS	T170	C3813323
27551242	1007	1031	Epworth Sleepiness Scale	T170	C3541276
27551242	1033	1036	ESS	T170	C3541276
27551242	1043	1076	visual analogue scale for fatigue	T170	C3826867
27551242	1078	1083	VAS-F	T170	C3826867
27551242	1121	1132	natalizumab	T116,T121,T129	C1172734
27551242	1133	1142	infusions	T061	C0574032
27551242	1144	1169	NeuroTrax cognitive tests	T060	C0683443
27551242	1178	1215	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale	T170	C0451221
27551242	1217	1221	HADS	T170	C0451221
27551242	1263	1274	natalizumab	T116,T121,T129	C1172734
27551242	1275	1284	infusions	T061	C0574032
27551242	1297	1302	sleep	T040	C0037313
27551242	1303	1313	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27551242	1315	1326	wakefulness	T041	C0043012
27551242	1333	1344	sleep onset	T039	C0871908
27551242	1350	1372	multiple sleep latency	T060	C0519186
27551242	1378	1386	baseline	T081	C1442488
27551242	1392	1398	months	T079	C0439231
27551242	1402	1409	therapy	T061	C0087111
27551242	1442	1445	FSS	T170	C3813323
27551242	1447	1452	VAS-F	T170	C3826867
27551242	1454	1457	ESS	T170	C3541276
27551242	1463	1467	HADS	T170	C0451221
27551242	1468	1474	scores	T081	C0449820
27551242	1511	1517	months	T079	C0439231
27551242	1521	1528	therapy	T061	C0087111
27551242	1530	1539	cognitive	T169	C1516691
27551242	1540	1546	scores	T081	C0449820
27551242	1589	1598	treatment	T061	C0087111
27551242	1604	1615	natalizumab	T116,T121,T129	C1172734
27551242	1636	1648	improvements	T077	C2986411
27551242	1652	1659	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27551242	1661	1671	sleepiness	T048	C2830004
27551242	1677	1681	mood	T041	C0026516
27551242	1704	1712	measures	T081	C0079809
27551242	1716	1721	sleep	T040	C0037313

27551992|t|Engaging adolescent girls in transactional sex through compensated dating
27551992|a|Transactional sex through so-called compensated dating in adolescent girls is a problem in need of public concern. Compensated dating typically involves the use of information communication technology to advertise, search, bargain, and eventually arrange for transactional sex. The technology enables the sexual partners to maintain privacy and secrecy in transactional sex. Such secrecy necessitates the girls ' disclosure about their life experiences in order to address the concern. The disclosure is the focus of the present qualitative study of 27 girls practicing the dating in Hong Kong, China. Based on the disclosure, the study presents a grounded theory that epitomizes engagement in compensated dating by referential choice. Such a referential choice theory unravels that choice with reference to the family push and social norms sustains the engagement. Meanwhile, the choice rests on expectancy and reinforcement from experiential learning about compensated dating. The theory thus implies ways to undercut the engagement through diverting the referential choice of the dating.
27551992	0	8	Engaging	T033	C2937292
27551992	9	25	adolescent girls	T100	C0001588
27551992	29	46	transactional sex	T054	C0033595
27551992	47	54	through	T169	C0332273
27551992	55	66	compensated	T080	C0205432
27551992	67	73	dating	T054	C0237553
27551992	74	91	Transactional sex	T054	C0033595
27551992	92	99	through	T169	C0332273
27551992	110	121	compensated	T080	C0205432
27551992	122	128	dating	T054	C0237553
27551992	132	148	adolescent girls	T100	C0001588
27551992	154	161	problem	T033	C0033213
27551992	165	169	need	T080	C0027552
27551992	173	179	public	T092	C0678367
27551992	180	187	concern	T078	C2699424
27551992	189	200	Compensated	T080	C0205432
27551992	201	207	dating	T054	C0237553
27551992	231	237	use of	T169	C1524063
27551992	238	274	information communication technology	T170	C0683867
27551992	278	287	advertise	T057	C0001690
27551992	289	295	search	T052	C1706202
27551992	297	304	bargain	T054	C0871661
27551992	333	350	transactional sex	T054	C0033595
27551992	356	366	technology	T170	C0683867
27551992	367	374	enables	T041	C1171285
27551992	379	394	sexual partners	T098	C0036911
27551992	398	406	maintain	T052	C0024501
27551992	407	414	privacy	T078	C0080048
27551992	419	426	secrecy	T078	C0871315
27551992	430	447	transactional sex	T054	C0033595
27551992	454	461	secrecy	T078	C0871315
27551992	462	474	necessitates	T080	C0027552
27551992	479	484	girls	T098	C0043210
27551992	487	497	disclosure	T055	C0012625
27551992	510	526	life experiences	T067	C0023672
27551992	530	535	order	T080	C1705176
27551992	551	558	concern	T078	C2699424
27551992	564	574	disclosure	T055	C0012625
27551992	582	587	focus	T169	C1285542
27551992	603	620	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
27551992	627	632	girls	T098	C0043210
27551992	633	643	practicing	T041	C0237607
27551992	648	654	dating	T054	C0237553
27551992	658	667	Hong Kong	T083	C0019907
27551992	669	674	China	T083	C0008115
27551992	676	681	Based	T169	C1527178
27551992	689	699	disclosure	T055	C0012625
27551992	705	710	study	T062	C2603343
27551992	722	737	grounded theory	T170	C1510611
27551992	754	764	engagement	T033	C2937292
27551992	768	779	compensated	T080	C0205432
27551992	780	786	dating	T054	C0237553
27551992	790	808	referential choice	T055	C0008300
27551992	817	842	referential choice theory	T078	C0871935
27551992	857	863	choice	T055	C0008300
27551992	869	878	reference	T169	C0205543
27551992	886	892	family	T099	C0015576
27551992	893	897	push	T067	C0441722
27551992	902	914	social norms	T078	C0237750
27551992	915	923	sustains	T169	C0443318
27551992	928	938	engagement	T033	C2937292
27551992	955	961	choice	T055	C0008300
27551992	971	981	expectancy	T078	C0679138
27551992	986	999	reinforcement	T169	C0442805
27551992	1005	1026	experiential learning	T065	C0243012
27551992	1033	1044	compensated	T080	C0205432
27551992	1045	1051	dating	T054	C0237553
27551992	1057	1063	theory	T078	C0871935
27551992	1098	1108	engagement	T033	C2937292
27551992	1109	1116	through	T169	C0332273
27551992	1117	1126	diverting	T080	C0743226
27551992	1131	1149	referential choice	T055	C0008300
27551992	1157	1163	dating	T054	C0237553

27552486|t|Effectiveness of the Consecutive Alternating Administration Course of a Triple Antiviral Combination in Coxsackievirus B3 Infections in Mice
27552486|a|Anti-enteroviral chemotherapeutics for clinical use are not registered so far, mainly due to the rapid development of drug-resistance. One of the possible approaches to overcome this problem is the use of combined chemotherapy. However, its application consisting of simultaneously given drugs, is not efficacious because of the development of multiple resistance. Here we present a novel approach for combined application of anti-enteroviral compounds, consisting of a consecutive alternating administration (CAA) course. CAA was tested on 2 in vivo models of Coxsackievirus B3 infection in newborn mice at inoculation dose of 20 MLD50 (50% mouse lethal dose): neurotropic (Nancy strain) and cardiotropic (Woodruff strain) infections. Compounds partnering in a triple combination were selected as enterovirus (EV) replication inhibitors with different mode of action - disoxaril (a VP1 blocker), guanidine.HCl (targeting 2C protein) and oxoglaucine (attacking 3A coding region). The application of this combination by CAA course resulted in around 40 and 60% survival rate in mice infected with Nancy and Woodruff virus, respectively, accompanied by a marked lengthening of the mean survival time (MST). The results obtained are proofs for the prospect of the treatment course by a triple combination through the CAA scheme as an approach interfering the occurrence of drug resistance at EV infections.
27552486	0	13	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27552486	21	32	Consecutive	T080	C1707491
27552486	33	44	Alternating	T169	C0332270
27552486	45	66	Administration Course	T079	C0750729
27552486	72	78	Triple	T081	C0205174
27552486	79	88	Antiviral	T121	C1254351
27552486	89	100	Combination	T080	C0205195
27552486	104	132	Coxsackievirus B3 Infections	T047	C2062443
27552486	136	140	Mice	T015	C0025929
27552486	141	157	Anti-enteroviral	T121	C1254351
27552486	158	175	chemotherapeutics	T061	C3665472
27552486	180	188	clinical	T080	C0205210
27552486	189	192	use	T169	C0457083
27552486	197	218	not registered so far	T033	C0243095
27552486	227	233	due to	T169	C0678226
27552486	244	255	development	T169	C1527148
27552486	259	274	drug-resistance	T038	C0013203
27552486	296	306	approaches	T169	C1292724
27552486	310	318	overcome	T052	C2983310
27552486	324	331	problem	T033	C0033213
27552486	339	345	use of	T169	C1524063
27552486	346	354	combined	T080	C0205195
27552486	355	367	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27552486	382	393	application	T169	C4048755
27552486	429	434	drugs	T121	C0013227
27552486	439	454	not efficacious	T080	C0205556
27552486	470	481	development	T169	C1527148
27552486	485	504	multiple resistance	T032	C0242640
27552486	524	529	novel	T080	C0205314
27552486	530	538	approach	T169	C1292724
27552486	543	551	combined	T080	C0205195
27552486	567	593	anti-enteroviral compounds	T121	C1254351
27552486	611	649	consecutive alternating administration	T061	C1533734
27552486	651	654	CAA	T061	C1533734
27552486	656	662	course	T079	C0750729
27552486	664	667	CAA	T061	C1533734
27552486	672	678	tested	T169	C0039593
27552486	684	698	in vivo models	T062	C1515657
27552486	702	729	Coxsackievirus B3 infection	T047	C2062443
27552486	733	740	newborn	T008	C0003065
27552486	741	745	mice	T015	C0025929
27552486	761	765	dose	T081	C0178602
27552486	772	777	MLD50	T081	C0023378
27552486	779	800	50% mouse lethal dose	T081	C0023378
27552486	803	814	neurotropic	T047	C0042769
27552486	816	828	Nancy strain	T005	C0042776
27552486	834	875	cardiotropic (Woodruff strain) infections	T047	C0042769
27552486	848	863	Woodruff strain	T005	C0042776
27552486	877	886	Compounds	T103	C1706082
27552486	903	909	triple	T081	C0205174
27552486	910	921	combination	T080	C0205195
27552486	939	950	enterovirus	T005	C0014383
27552486	952	954	EV	T005	C0014383
27552486	956	967	replication	T043	C0042774
27552486	956	978	replication inhibitors	UnknownType	C0042771
27552486	984	993	different	T080	C1705242
27552486	1002	1008	action	T052	C3266814
27552486	1011	1020	disoxaril	T109,T121	C0058467
27552486	1024	1027	VP1	T116,T123	C0042981
27552486	1028	1035	blocker	T121	C1254351
27552486	1038	1051	guanidine.HCl	T109,T121	C0120447
27552486	1053	1062	targeting	T169	C1521840
27552486	1063	1073	2C protein	T116,T126	C0246875
27552486	1079	1090	oxoglaucine	T109,T121	C0673446
27552486	1102	1119	3A coding region)	T082	C1254362
27552486	1125	1136	application	T169	C4048755
27552486	1145	1156	combination	T080	C0205195
27552486	1160	1163	CAA	T061	C1533734
27552486	1164	1170	course	T079	C0750729
27552486	1171	1179	resulted	T169	C1274040
27552486	1201	1214	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27552486	1218	1222	mice	T015	C0025929
27552486	1223	1231	infected	T046	C3714514
27552486	1237	1242	Nancy	T005	C0042776
27552486	1247	1261	Woodruff virus	T005	C0042776
27552486	1320	1338	mean survival time	T081	C0086595
27552486	1340	1343	MST	T081	C0086595
27552486	1350	1357	results	T169	C1274040
27552486	1358	1366	obtained	T169	C1301820
27552486	1371	1377	proofs	T097	C0335256
27552486	1402	1418	treatment course	T079	C0454268
27552486	1424	1430	triple	T081	C0205174
27552486	1431	1442	combination	T080	C0205195
27552486	1455	1458	CAA	T061	C1533734
27552486	1459	1465	scheme	T170	C1519193
27552486	1472	1480	approach	T169	C1292724
27552486	1497	1507	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27552486	1511	1526	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27552486	1530	1543	EV infections	T047	C0014378

27552906|t|Numerical simulation of emitted particle characteristics and airway deposition distribution of Symbicort(®) Turbuhaler(®) dry powder fixed combination aerosol drug
27552906|a|One of the most widespread dry powder fixed combinations used in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management is Symbicort(®) Turbuhaler(®). The aim of this study was to simulate the deposition distribution of both components of this drug within the airways based on realistic airflow measurements. Breathing parameters of 25 healthy adults (11 females and 14 males) were acquired while inhaling through Turbuhaler(®). Individual specific emitted doses and particle size distributions of Symbicort(®) Turbuhaler(®) were determined. A self-developed particle deposition model was adapted and validated to simulate the deposition of budesonide (inhaled corticosteroid; ICS) and formoterol (long acting β2 agonist; LABA) in the upper airways and lungs of the healthy volunteers. Based on current simulations the emitted doses varied between 50.4% and 92.5% of the metered dose for the ICS, and between 38% and 96.1% in case of LABA component depending on the individual inhalation flow rate. This variability induced a notable inter- individual spread of the deposited lung doses (mean: 33.6%, range: 20.4%-48.8% for budesonide and mean: 29.8%, range: 16.4%-42.9% for formoterol). Significant inter-gender differences were also observed. Average lung dose of budesonide was 29.2% of the metered dose for females and 37% for males, while formoterol deposited with 26.4% efficiency for females and 32.5% for males. Present results also highlighted the importance of breath-holding after inhalation of the drug. About a half of the total lung deposition occurred during breath-hold at 9.6s average breath-hold time. Calculated depositions confirmed appropriate lung deposition of Symbicort(®) Turbuhaler(®) for both genders, however more effort for optimal inhalation technique is advised for persons with low vital capacity. This study demonstrated the possibility of personalized prediction of airway deposition of aerosol drugs by numerical simulations. The methodology developed in this study will be applicable also to other marketed drugs in the future.
27552906	0	20	Numerical simulation	T062	C0679083
27552906	24	40	emitted particle	T104	C0597177
27552906	41	56	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27552906	61	67	airway	T023	C0458827
27552906	68	78	deposition	T169	C0333562
27552906	79	91	distribution	T039	C1378698
27552906	95	121	Symbicort(®) Turbuhaler(®)	T109,T121	C1735945
27552906	122	132	dry powder	T122	C0032861
27552906	139	150	combination	T121	C0013162
27552906	151	163	aerosol drug	T122	C1112870
27552906	191	201	dry powder	T122	C0032861
27552906	208	220	combinations	T121	C0013162
27552906	229	235	asthma	T047	C0004096
27552906	240	277	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
27552906	279	283	COPD	T047	C0024117
27552906	285	295	management	T058	C0376636
27552906	299	325	Symbicort(®) Turbuhaler(®)	T109,T121	C1735945
27552906	343	348	study	T062	C2603343
27552906	356	364	simulate	T062	C0679083
27552906	369	379	deposition	T169	C0333562
27552906	380	392	distribution	T039	C1378698
27552906	401	411	components	T185	C0184498
27552906	420	424	drug	T121	C1254351
27552906	436	443	airways	T023	C0458827
27552906	463	483	airflow measurements	T060	C0678216
27552906	485	494	Breathing	T040	C0004048
27552906	495	505	parameters	T077	C0549193
27552906	512	526	healthy adults	T033	C0686750
27552906	531	538	females	T032	C0086287
27552906	546	551	males	T032	C0086582
27552906	558	566	acquired	T080	C0439661
27552906	573	581	inhaling	T040	C0004048
27552906	590	603	Turbuhaler(®)	T074	C1553479
27552906	605	615	Individual	T098	C0027361
27552906	625	638	emitted doses	T081	C0178602
27552906	643	656	particle size	T081	C0030608
27552906	657	670	distributions	T039	C1378698
27552906	674	700	Symbicort(®) Turbuhaler(®)	T109,T121	C1735945
27552906	706	716	determined	T080	C0521095
27552906	735	743	particle	T104	C0597177
27552906	744	754	deposition	T169	C0333562
27552906	755	760	model	T170	C3161035
27552906	765	772	adapted	T169	C0205245
27552906	777	786	validated	T169	C0205245
27552906	790	798	simulate	T062	C0679083
27552906	803	813	deposition	T169	C0333562
27552906	817	827	budesonide	T109,T121	C0054201
27552906	829	851	inhaled corticosteroid	T109,T121,T125	C1629043
27552906	853	856	ICS	T109,T121,T125	C1629043
27552906	862	872	formoterol	T109,T121	C0060657
27552906	874	896	long acting β2 agonist	T121	C2987634
27552906	898	902	LABA	T121	C2987634
27552906	911	924	upper airways	T030	C0225377
27552906	929	934	lungs	T023	C0024109
27552906	942	960	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27552906	971	978	current	T079	C0521116
27552906	979	990	simulations	T062	C0679083
27552906	995	1008	emitted doses	T081	C0178602
27552906	1055	1059	dose	T081	C0178602
27552906	1068	1071	ICS	T109,T121,T125	C1629043
27552906	1110	1114	LABA	T121	C2987634
27552906	1115	1124	component	T185	C0184498
27552906	1142	1152	individual	T098	C0027361
27552906	1153	1173	inhalation flow rate	T201	C0231832
27552906	1180	1191	variability	T077	C2827666
27552906	1192	1199	induced	T169	C0205263
27552906	1217	1227	individual	T098	C0027361
27552906	1228	1234	spread	T080	C0332261
27552906	1242	1251	deposited	T169	C0333562
27552906	1252	1256	lung	T023	C0024109
27552906	1257	1262	doses	T081	C0178602
27552906	1277	1282	range	T081	C1514721
27552906	1300	1310	budesonide	T109,T121	C0054201
27552906	1328	1333	range	T081	C1514721
27552906	1351	1361	formoterol	T109,T121	C0060657
27552906	1364	1375	Significant	T078	C0750502
27552906	1376	1388	inter-gender	T032	C0079399
27552906	1389	1400	differences	T080	C1705242
27552906	1411	1419	observed	T169	C1441672
27552906	1429	1433	lung	T023	C0024109
27552906	1434	1438	dose	T081	C0178602
27552906	1442	1452	budesonide	T109,T121	C0054201
27552906	1478	1482	dose	T081	C0178602
27552906	1487	1494	females	T032	C0086287
27552906	1507	1512	males	T032	C0086582
27552906	1520	1530	formoterol	T109,T121	C0060657
27552906	1531	1540	deposited	T169	C0333562
27552906	1552	1562	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27552906	1567	1574	females	T032	C0086287
27552906	1589	1594	males	T032	C0086582
27552906	1604	1611	results	T169	C1274040
27552906	1633	1643	importance	T080	C3898777
27552906	1647	1661	breath-holding	T033	C0235744
27552906	1668	1678	inhalation	T040	C0004048
27552906	1686	1690	drug	T121	C1254351
27552906	1718	1722	lung	T023	C0024109
27552906	1723	1733	deposition	T169	C0333562
27552906	1734	1742	occurred	T052	C1709305
27552906	1750	1761	breath-hold	T033	C0235744
27552906	1778	1789	breath-hold	T033	C0235744
27552906	1790	1794	time	T079	C0040223
27552906	1807	1818	depositions	T169	C0333562
27552906	1819	1828	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27552906	1829	1840	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27552906	1841	1845	lung	T023	C0024109
27552906	1846	1856	deposition	T169	C0333562
27552906	1860	1886	Symbicort(®) Turbuhaler(®)	T109,T121	C1735945
27552906	1896	1903	genders	T032	C0079399
27552906	1929	1957	optimal inhalation technique	T061	C1998547
27552906	1961	1968	advised	T078	C0034866
27552906	1973	1980	persons	T098	C0027361
27552906	1986	2004	low vital capacity	T033	C0476408
27552906	2011	2016	study	T062	C2603343
27552906	2049	2061	personalized	T080	C1709510
27552906	2062	2072	prediction	T078	C0681842
27552906	2076	2082	airway	T023	C0458827
27552906	2083	2093	deposition	T169	C0333562
27552906	2097	2110	aerosol drugs	T122	C1112870
27552906	2114	2135	numerical simulations	T062	C0679083
27552906	2141	2152	methodology	T078	C3266812
27552906	2171	2176	study	T062	C2603343
27552906	2185	2195	applicable	T080	C1706839
27552906	2210	2218	marketed	T080	C3640197
27552906	2219	2224	drugs	T121	C1254351
27552906	2232	2238	future	T079	C0016884

27553051|t|Intracameral cefuroxime in the prevention of postoperative endophthalmitis: an experience from Hong Kong
27553051|a|The purpose was to study the effect of introducing intracameral cefuroxime, which was compounded by a hospital pharmacy, on postoperative endophthalmitis in a tertiary eye centre in Hong Kong. All cases that underwent cataract surgeries over a 12-year period (January 2004 to December 2015) were included. The routine use of intracameral cefuroxime at the end of cataract surgery was introduced at our centre after April 2010. All cefuroxime aliquots were prepared by the hospital pharmacy using an aseptic compounding technique. The rates of postoperative endophthalmitis before April 2010 (Group 1, no intracameral cefuroxime) and after April 2010 (Group 2, routine use of intracameral cefuroxime) were compared. A total of 30,428 eyes (7,332 in Group 1 and 23,096 in Group 2) were studied. Eight cases developed postoperative endophthalmitis (1.09 in 1000; 0.11 %) in Group 1 whereas no cases developed endophthalmitis (0 %) in Group 2. The rate of reduction was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Seven out of eight cases of endophthalmitis were confirmed by positive culture. Organisms identified were Group G Streptococcus (two cases), Group B Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (two cases). Antibiotic susceptibility testing results were available in six cases. Four out of six organisms were susceptible to the penicillin group. No adverse events related to the use of intracameral cefuroxime were encountered. The use of intracameral cefuroxime could significantly reduce the rate of postoperative endophthalmitis in a tertiary centre in Hong Kong. The use of aseptic compounding to prepare cefuroxime aliquots by hospital pharmacy appeared to be safe and efficacious.
27553051	0	12	Intracameral	T082	C1636767
27553051	13	23	cefuroxime	T109,T195	C0007562
27553051	31	41	prevention	T061	C0679698
27553051	45	74	postoperative endophthalmitis	T047	C1282227
27553051	79	89	experience	T041	C0596545
27553051	95	104	Hong Kong	T083	C0019907
27553051	124	129	study	T062	C2603343
27553051	134	140	effect	T080	C1280500
27553051	144	155	introducing	T169	C0579004
27553051	156	168	intracameral	T082	C1636767
27553051	169	179	cefuroxime	T109,T195	C0007562
27553051	191	201	compounded	T058	C0013164
27553051	207	224	hospital pharmacy	T093	C0260123
27553051	229	258	postoperative endophthalmitis	T047	C1282227
27553051	264	283	tertiary eye centre	T093	C0596660
27553051	287	296	Hong Kong	T083	C0019907
27553051	323	341	cataract surgeries	T061	C2939459
27553051	415	422	routine	T080	C0205547
27553051	423	426	use	T169	C0457083
27553051	430	442	intracameral	T082	C1636767
27553051	443	453	cefuroxime	T109,T195	C0007562
27553051	468	484	cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
27553051	536	546	cefuroxime	T109,T195	C0007562
27553051	547	555	aliquots	T081	C1510844
27553051	577	594	hospital pharmacy	T093	C0260123
27553051	604	611	aseptic	T080	C0232920
27553051	604	623	aseptic compounding	T058	C0013164
27553051	639	644	rates	T081	C1521828
27553051	648	677	postoperative endophthalmitis	T047	C1282227
27553051	697	702	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
27553051	706	708	no	T169	C0332197
27553051	709	721	intracameral	T082	C1636767
27553051	722	732	cefuroxime	T109,T195	C0007562
27553051	756	761	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
27553051	780	792	intracameral	T082	C1636767
27553051	793	803	cefuroxime	T109,T195	C0007562
27553051	838	842	eyes	T023	C0015392
27553051	853	858	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
27553051	875	880	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
27553051	920	949	postoperative endophthalmitis	T047	C1282227
27553051	976	981	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
27553051	1011	1026	endophthalmitis	T047	C0014236
27553051	1036	1041	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
27553051	1049	1053	rate	T081	C1521828
27553051	1057	1066	reduction	T080	C0392756
27553051	1071	1096	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27553051	1139	1154	endophthalmitis	T047	C0014236
27553051	1173	1189	positive culture	T033	C0159125
27553051	1191	1200	Organisms	T001	C0029235
27553051	1217	1238	Group G Streptococcus	T007	C0318162
27553051	1252	1273	Group B Streptococcus	T007	C0038402
27553051	1275	1296	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27553051	1298	1317	Serratia marcescens	T007	C0036766
27553051	1323	1356	coagulase-negative Staphylococcus	T007	C0445625
27553051	1370	1395	Antibiotic susceptibility	T033	C0427965
27553051	1396	1411	testing results	T034	C0456984
27553051	1457	1466	organisms	T001	C0029235
27553051	1472	1483	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27553051	1491	1507	penicillin group	T109,T195	C0030842
27553051	1509	1526	No adverse events	T033	C2699517
27553051	1542	1545	use	T169	C0457083
27553051	1549	1561	intracameral	T082	C1636767
27553051	1562	1572	cefuroxime	T109,T195	C0007562
27553051	1595	1598	use	T169	C0457083
27553051	1602	1614	intracameral	T082	C1636767
27553051	1615	1625	cefuroxime	T109,T195	C0007562
27553051	1646	1652	reduce	T081	C0547047
27553051	1657	1661	rate	T081	C1521828
27553051	1665	1694	postoperative endophthalmitis	T047	C1282227
27553051	1700	1715	tertiary centre	T093	C0596660
27553051	1719	1728	Hong Kong	T083	C0019907
27553051	1734	1737	use	T169	C0457083
27553051	1741	1748	aseptic	T080	C0232920
27553051	1741	1760	aseptic compounding	T058	C0013164
27553051	1772	1782	cefuroxime	T109,T195	C0007562
27553051	1783	1791	aliquots	T081	C1510844
27553051	1795	1812	hospital pharmacy	T093	C0260123

27553121|t|Emotional arousal state influences the ability of amygdalar endocannabinoid signaling to modulate anxiety
27553121|a|Systemic activation of cannabinoid receptors often induces biphasic effects on emotional memory and anxiety depending on the levels of emotional arousal associated to the experimental context. The basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) represents a crucial structure for the ability of endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling to modulate emotional behaviour, and receives dense projections from brainstem arousal system nuclei. We examined whether changes in emotional arousal state would influence the ability of acute eCB manipulations within the BLA to modulate anxiety. Rats were tested in an elevated plus maze (EPM) under low or high arousal conditions. The low emotional arousal group was extensively handled and habituated to the experimental room and tested under red light condition, the high emotional arousal group was not handled or habituated and tested under high light condition. We examined amygdalar eCB anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels immediately after the EPM and the effects of intra- BLA administration of the AEA hydrolysis inhibitor URB597 or the 2-AG hydrolysis inhibitor KML29 on anxiety behaviour. The modulation of anxiety -like behaviour by eCB s in the BLA was strictly dependent on the environmental -associated emotional arousal. Pharmacologically - induced elevations of AEA or 2-AG in the BLA decreased anxiety under conditions of low emotional arousal. Conversely, when the level of emotional arousal increased, local eCB manipulation was ineffective in the modulation of the emotional arousal - induced anxiety response. These findings suggest that, depending on the emotional arousal state, eCB system is differentially activated to regulate the anxiety response in the amygdala and help to understand the state-dependency of many interventions on anxiety.
27553121	0	9	Emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	10	23	arousal state	T041	C0003808
27553121	24	34	influences	T077	C4054723
27553121	50	59	amygdalar	T023	C0002708
27553121	60	85	endocannabinoid signaling	T044	C3156138
27553121	98	105	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27553121	106	125	Systemic activation	T043	C1514758
27553121	129	150	cannabinoid receptors	T116,T192	C0054594
27553121	157	164	induces	T169	C0205263
27553121	165	173	biphasic	T079	C0205184
27553121	174	181	effects	T080	C1280500
27553121	185	194	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	195	201	memory	T041	C0025260
27553121	206	213	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27553121	241	250	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	251	258	arousal	T041	C0003808
27553121	277	289	experimental	T080	C1517586
27553121	303	338	basolateral nucleus of the amygdala	T023	C0175222
27553121	340	343	BLA	T023	C0175222
27553121	395	426	endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling	T044	C3156138
27553121	430	438	modulate	T061	C0394674
27553121	439	448	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	449	458	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27553121	479	490	projections	T026	C0085103
27553121	496	505	brainstem	T023	C0006121
27553121	506	520	arousal system	T041	C0003808
27553121	521	527	nuclei	T026	C0007610
27553121	560	569	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	570	583	arousal state	T041	C0003808
27553121	590	599	influence	T077	C4054723
27553121	615	620	acute	T079	C0205178
27553121	621	624	eCB	T109,T123	C1172779
27553121	650	653	BLA	T023	C0175222
27553121	657	665	modulate	T061	C0394674
27553121	666	673	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27553121	675	679	Rats	T015	C0034693
27553121	685	691	tested	T169	C0039593
27553121	698	716	elevated plus maze	T073	C0870866
27553121	718	721	EPM	T073	C0870866
27553121	741	759	arousal conditions	T041	C0003808
27553121	769	778	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	779	786	arousal	T041	C0003808
27553121	787	792	group	T078	C0441833
27553121	839	856	experimental room	T073	C0237699
27553121	861	867	tested	T169	C0039593
27553121	874	883	red light	T070	C0563227
27553121	904	913	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	914	921	arousal	T041	C0003808
27553121	922	927	group	T078	C0441833
27553121	962	968	tested	T169	C0039593
27553121	975	995	high light condition	UnknownType	C0683109
27553121	1009	1018	amygdalar	T023	C0002708
27553121	1019	1022	eCB	T109,T123	C1172779
27553121	1023	1033	anandamide	T109,T123	C0211726
27553121	1035	1038	AEA	T109,T123	C0211726
27553121	1044	1066	2-arachidonoylglycerol	T109,T121	C0299477
27553121	1068	1072	2-AG	T109,T121	C0299477
27553121	1103	1106	EPM	T073	C0870866
27553121	1115	1122	effects	T080	C1280500
27553121	1133	1136	BLA	T023	C0175222
27553121	1137	1151	administration	T061	C1533734
27553121	1159	1162	AEA	T109,T123	C0211726
27553121	1163	1173	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27553121	1174	1183	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27553121	1184	1190	URB597	T109	C1569108
27553121	1198	1202	2-AG	T109,T121	C0299477
27553121	1203	1213	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27553121	1214	1223	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27553121	1224	1229	KML29	T109,T121	C4077348
27553121	1233	1240	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27553121	1241	1250	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27553121	1256	1266	modulation	T082	C0443264
27553121	1270	1277	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27553121	1284	1293	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27553121	1297	1300	eCB	T109,T123	C1172779
27553121	1310	1313	BLA	T023	C0175222
27553121	1344	1357	environmental	T082	C0014406
27553121	1370	1379	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	1380	1387	arousal	T041	C0003808
27553121	1389	1406	Pharmacologically	T169	C0205464
27553121	1409	1416	induced	T169	C0205263
27553121	1417	1427	elevations	T082	C0702240
27553121	1431	1434	AEA	T109,T123	C0211726
27553121	1438	1442	2-AG	T109,T121	C0299477
27553121	1450	1453	BLA	T023	C0175222
27553121	1454	1463	decreased	T081	C0205216
27553121	1464	1471	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27553121	1496	1505	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	1506	1513	arousal	T041	C0003808
27553121	1545	1554	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	1555	1562	arousal	T041	C0003808
27553121	1563	1572	increased	T081	C0205217
27553121	1580	1583	eCB	T109,T123	C1172779
27553121	1601	1612	ineffective	T078	C3242229
27553121	1638	1647	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	1648	1655	arousal	T041	C0003808
27553121	1658	1665	induced	T169	C0205263
27553121	1666	1673	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27553121	1674	1682	response	T032	C0871261
27553121	1690	1698	findings	T033	C0243095
27553121	1730	1739	emotional	T041	C0013987
27553121	1740	1753	arousal state	T041	C0003808
27553121	1755	1765	eCB system	T044	C3156138
27553121	1769	1783	differentially	T080	C1705242
27553121	1784	1793	activated	T052	C1879547
27553121	1810	1817	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27553121	1834	1842	amygdala	T023	C0002708
27553121	1870	1886	state-dependency	T041	C0011546
27553121	1895	1908	interventions	T061	C0184661
27553121	1912	1919	anxiety	T033	C0003467

27553395|t|Nutrient intake of infants and toddlers in the United Arab Emirates: the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study
27553395|a|This descriptive study evaluated the nutrient adequacy of the diet of infants (aged 6-11.9 months) and toddlers (aged 12-24 months) in the United Arab Emirates. A random sample of 1000 infants and toddlers was recruited from 2 cities (Al Ain and Dubai) from March 2011 to February 2012 and their usual nutrient intake was determined using 24-hour recall. In all, 54.2% of infants and 25.2% of toddlers were breastfeeding. Mean energy intake of infant girls in Al Ain and Dubai was 747 (SD 189) kcal and 773 (SD 215) kcal respectively and 810.5 (SD 232.2) kcal and 821.9 (SD 262) kcal for boys. In toddlers, mean energy intake for girls in Al Ain and Dubai was 1032.8 (SD 252) kcal and 1013 (SD 339.1) kcal respectively and 1057.2 (SD 201.8) kcal and 1030.3 (SD 341.7) kcal for boys. Iron intake was low in both groups. Mean body mass index and body weight and height were similar to World Health Organization figures but significant numbers of infants and toddlers of both sexes were over - or underweight. Although mean energy and macronutrient intakes were comparable to the RDA, significant numbers were over - or underfed.
27553395	0	15	Nutrient intake	T058	C0558027
27553395	19	26	infants	T100	C0021270
27553395	31	39	toddlers	T100	C0682053
27553395	47	67	United Arab Emirates	T083	C0041698
27553395	81	88	Infants	T100	C0021270
27553395	93	101	Toddlers	T100	C0682053
27553395	145	162	nutrient adequacy	T081	C0006777
27553395	170	174	diet	T168	C0012155
27553395	178	185	infants	T100	C0021270
27553395	211	219	toddlers	T100	C0682053
27553395	247	267	United Arab Emirates	T083	C0041698
27553395	293	300	infants	T100	C0021270
27553395	305	313	toddlers	T100	C0682053
27553395	343	349	Al Ain	T083	C0041698
27553395	354	359	Dubai	T083	C0041698
27553395	366	371	March	T079	C3829202
27553395	380	388	February	T080	C3830166
27553395	410	425	nutrient intake	T058	C0558027
27553395	480	487	infants	T100	C0021270
27553395	501	509	toddlers	T100	C0682053
27553395	515	528	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
27553395	535	548	energy intake	T081	C0006777
27553395	552	564	infant girls	T100	C0870604
27553395	568	574	Al Ain	T083	C0041698
27553395	579	584	Dubai	T083	C0041698
27553395	602	606	kcal	T081	C0439259
27553395	624	628	kcal	T081	C0439259
27553395	663	667	kcal	T081	C0439259
27553395	687	691	kcal	T081	C0439259
27553395	696	700	boys	T100	C0870221
27553395	705	713	toddlers	T100	C0682053
27553395	720	733	energy intake	T081	C0006777
27553395	738	743	girls	T100	C0870604
27553395	784	788	kcal	T081	C0439259
27553395	809	813	kcal	T081	C0439259
27553395	849	853	kcal	T081	C0439259
27553395	876	880	kcal	T081	C0439259
27553395	885	889	boys	T100	C0870221
27553395	891	902	Iron intake	T033	C0518043
27553395	907	910	low	T080	C0205251
27553395	932	947	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27553395	952	963	body weight	T032	C0005910
27553395	968	974	height	T032	C0005890
27553395	991	1016	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
27553395	1052	1059	infants	T100	C0021270
27553395	1064	1072	toddlers	T100	C0682053
27553395	1092	1096	over	T184	C0497406
27553395	1102	1113	underweight	T033	C0041667
27553395	1140	1153	macronutrient	T077	C2346926
27553395	1154	1161	intakes	T058	C0558027
27553395	1185	1188	RDA	T170	C0524787
27553395	1215	1219	over	T047	C1257763
27553395	1225	1233	underfed	T047	C0162429

27553588|t|Initial stabilisation of preterm infants: a new resuscitation system with low imposed work of breathing for use with face mask or nasal prongs
27553588|a|T-piece resuscitation systems are pressure unstable and have high imposed work of breathing (iWOB). Pressure stable respiratory support with low iWOB might improve outcome. We have developed a new resuscitation system that can be used with nasal prongs or face mask. The aim of the study was to describe the in vitro performance of the new system and to perform a clinical feasibility trial of initial stabilisation of preterm infants. A mechanical lung model was used to determine iWOB at increasing levels of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The feasibility trial included 36 infants (27-34 weeks of gestation), who were randomised into three groups (T-piece, new system with face mask or new system with prongs). Collected data included problems with usage, safety, time to stable breathing, need for positive pressure ventilation and intubation. In the mechanical lung model, the new system reduced iWOB with 91.5% (mask) and 86.6% (medium prongs) compared with Neopuff (4 cm CPAP, p<0.001). Informed consent was obtained from 45 patients, 39 were randomised and 36 needed support. Randomisation resulted in an imbalance: The group of new system infants had lower gestational age compared with the T-piece group. Thirteen patients needed positive pressure ventilation (median 20 cm H2O). One infant was intubated. The study did not reveal problems with the equipment or safety. Compared with T-piece systems, the new system had a marked reduction in iWOB in bench tests. The feasibility trial did not reveal problems with usability or safety.
27553588	0	7	Initial	T079	C0205265
27553588	8	21	stabilisation	T061	C1293130
27553588	25	40	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
27553588	48	68	resuscitation system	T074	C0182998
27553588	78	103	imposed work of breathing	T042	C0043229
27553588	117	126	face mask	T074	C0024861
27553588	130	142	nasal prongs	T074	C0445087
27553588	143	172	T-piece resuscitation systems	T074	C0182998
27553588	177	185	pressure	T067	C0033095
27553588	186	194	unstable	T033	C0443343
27553588	204	208	high	T080	C0205250
27553588	209	234	imposed work of breathing	T042	C0043229
27553588	236	240	iWOB	T042	C0043229
27553588	243	278	Pressure stable respiratory support	T074	C0221802
27553588	284	287	low	T080	C0205251
27553588	288	292	iWOB	T042	C0043229
27553588	299	306	improve	T033	C0184511
27553588	307	314	outcome	T169	C1274040
27553588	340	360	resuscitation system	T074	C0182998
27553588	383	395	nasal prongs	T074	C0445087
27553588	399	408	face mask	T074	C0024861
27553588	425	430	study	T062	C2603343
27553588	438	446	describe	T078	C1552738
27553588	451	459	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27553588	460	471	performance	T052	C1882330
27553588	483	489	system	T074	C0025080
27553588	507	533	clinical feasibility trial	T062	C0008976
27553588	537	544	initial	T079	C0205265
27553588	545	558	stabilisation	T061	C1293130
27553588	562	577	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
27553588	581	602	mechanical lung model	T075	C0026339
27553588	625	629	iWOB	T042	C0043229
27553588	633	643	increasing	T169	C0442808
27553588	644	650	levels	T080	C0441889
27553588	654	689	continuous positive airway pressure	T061	C0199451
27553588	691	695	CPAP	T061	C0199451
27553588	702	719	feasibility trial	T062,T170	C0015730
27553588	720	728	included	T169	C0332257
27553588	732	739	infants	T100	C0021270
27553588	747	765	weeks of gestation	T033	C1135241
27553588	777	787	randomised	T062	C0034656
27553588	799	805	groups	T078	C0441833
27553588	807	814	T-piece	T074	C0182998
27553588	820	826	system	T074	C0025080
27553588	832	841	face mask	T074	C0024861
27553588	849	855	system	T074	C0025080
27553588	861	867	prongs	T074	C0445087
27553588	870	879	Collected	T078	C1516695
27553588	880	884	data	T078	C1511726
27553588	885	893	included	T169	C0332257
27553588	894	902	problems	T033	C0033213
27553588	908	913	usage	T169	C0457083
27553588	915	921	safety	T080	C0086139
27553588	923	927	time	T079	C0040223
27553588	931	937	stable	T080	C0205360
27553588	938	947	breathing	T040	C0004048
27553588	949	953	need	T080	C0027552
27553588	958	987	positive pressure ventilation	T061	C3266857
27553588	992	1002	intubation	T061	C0021925
27553588	1011	1032	mechanical lung model	T075	C0026339
27553588	1042	1048	system	T074	C0025080
27553588	1049	1056	reduced	T080	C0392756
27553588	1057	1061	iWOB	T042	C0043229
27553588	1074	1078	mask	T074	C0024861
27553588	1091	1097	medium	T081	C0439536
27553588	1098	1104	prongs	T074	C0445087
27553588	1106	1114	compared	T052	C1707455
27553588	1120	1127	Neopuff	T074	C0025080
27553588	1134	1138	CPAP	T061	C0199451
27553588	1150	1166	Informed consent	T089	C0021430
27553588	1171	1179	obtained	T169	C1301820
27553588	1188	1196	patients	T101	C0030705
27553588	1206	1216	randomised	T062	C0034656
27553588	1224	1230	needed	T080	C0027552
27553588	1240	1253	Randomisation	T062	C0034656
27553588	1254	1265	resulted in	T169	C0332294
27553588	1284	1289	group	T078	C0441833
27553588	1297	1303	system	T074	C0025080
27553588	1304	1311	infants	T100	C0021270
27553588	1322	1337	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27553588	1338	1346	compared	T052	C1707455
27553588	1356	1363	T-piece	T074	C0182998
27553588	1364	1369	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27553588	1371	1379	Thirteen	T081	C3715149
27553588	1380	1388	patients	T101	C0030705
27553588	1396	1425	positive pressure ventilation	T061	C3266857
27553588	1440	1443	H2O	T121,T197	C0043047
27553588	1450	1456	infant	T100	C0021270
27553588	1461	1470	intubated	T061	C0021925
27553588	1476	1481	study	T062	C2603343
27553588	1490	1496	reveal	T080	C0443289
27553588	1497	1505	problems	T033	C0033213
27553588	1515	1524	equipment	T073	C0014672
27553588	1528	1534	safety	T080	C0086139
27553588	1536	1544	Compared	T052	C1707455
27553588	1550	1565	T-piece systems	T074	C0182998
27553588	1575	1581	system	T074	C0025080
27553588	1595	1604	reduction	T080	C0392756
27553588	1608	1612	iWOB	T042	C0043229
27553588	1616	1627	bench tests	T170	C0392366
27553588	1633	1650	feasibility trial	T062,T170	C0015730
27553588	1659	1665	reveal	T080	C0443289
27553588	1666	1674	problems	T033	C0033213
27553588	1693	1699	safety	T080	C0086139

27553875|t|Estimation of the HIV-1 backward mutation rate from transmitted drug-resistant strains
27553875|a|One of the serious threats facing the administration of antiretroviral therapy to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infected patients is the reported increasing prevalence of transmitted drug resistance. However, given that HIV-1 drug-resistant strains are often less fit than the wild-type strains, it is expected that drug-resistant strains that are present during the primary phase of the HIV-1 infection are replaced by the fitter wild-type strains. This replacement of HIV-1 resistant mutations involves the emergence of wild-type strains by a process of backward mutation. How quickly the replacement happens is dependent on the class of HIV-1 mutation group. We estimate the backward mutation rates and relative fitness of various mutational groups known to confer HIV-1 drug resistance. We do this by fitting a stochastic model to data for individuals who were originally infected by an HIV-1 strain carrying any one of the known drug resistance -conferring mutations and observed over a period of time to see whether the resistant strain is replaced. To do this, we seek a distribution, generated from simulations of the stochastic model, that best describes the observed (clinical data) replacement times of a given mutation. We found that Lamivudine/Emtricitabine -associated mutations have a distinctly higher, backward mutation rate and low relative fitness compared to the other classes (as has been reported before) while protease inhibitors -associated mutations have a slower backward mutation rate and high relative fitness. For the other mutation classes, we found more uncertainty in their estimates.
27553875	18	23	HIV-1	T005	C0019704
27553875	24	32	backward	T082	C0439784
27553875	33	46	mutation rate	T080	C3178846
27553875	52	78	transmitted drug-resistant	T038	C0013203
27553875	79	86	strains	T001	C1518614
27553875	106	113	threats	T078	C0749385
27553875	143	165	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
27553875	169	197	human immunodeficiency virus	T005	C0019704
27553875	199	204	HIV-1	T005	C0019704
27553875	206	214	infected	T047	C2363741
27553875	215	223	patients	T101	C0030705
27553875	240	261	increasing prevalence	T081	C1512456
27553875	265	292	transmitted drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27553875	314	319	HIV-1	T005	C0019704
27553875	320	334	drug-resistant	T038	C0013203
27553875	335	342	strains	T001	C1518614
27553875	371	380	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27553875	381	388	strains	T001	C1518614
27553875	410	424	drug-resistant	T038	C0013203
27553875	425	432	strains	T001	C1518614
27553875	461	468	primary	T080	C0205225
27553875	469	474	phase	T079	C0205390
27553875	482	497	HIV-1 infection	T047	C2363741
27553875	502	510	replaced	T169	C0559956
27553875	525	534	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27553875	535	542	strains	T001	C1518614
27553875	549	560	replacement	T169	C0559956
27553875	564	579	HIV-1 resistant	T033	C1836231
27553875	580	589	mutations	T045	C0026882
27553875	616	625	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27553875	626	633	strains	T001	C1518614
27553875	639	646	process	T067	C1522240
27553875	650	658	backward	T082	C0439784
27553875	659	667	mutation	T045	C0026882
27553875	685	696	replacement	T169	C0559956
27553875	708	717	dependent	T169	C3244310
27553875	734	739	HIV-1	T005	C0019704
27553875	740	748	mutation	T045	C0026882
27553875	749	754	group	T078	C0441833
27553875	772	780	backward	T082	C0439784
27553875	781	795	mutation rates	T080	C3178846
27553875	828	838	mutational	T045	C0026882
27553875	839	845	groups	T078	C0441833
27553875	862	867	HIV-1	T005	C0019704
27553875	868	883	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27553875	909	925	stochastic model	T062	C0871922
27553875	929	933	data	T078	C1511726
27553875	938	949	individuals	T098	C0237401
27553875	970	978	infected	T033	C0439663
27553875	985	990	HIV-1	T005	C0019704
27553875	991	997	strain	T001	C1518614
27553875	1028	1043	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27553875	1056	1065	mutations	T045	C0026882
27553875	1086	1100	period of time	T201	C3259132
27553875	1120	1129	resistant	T169	C0332325
27553875	1130	1136	strain	T001	C1518614
27553875	1140	1148	replaced	T169	C0559956
27553875	1172	1184	distribution	T169	C1704711
27553875	1201	1212	simulations	T062	C0679083
27553875	1220	1236	stochastic model	T062	C0871922
27553875	1262	1270	observed	T169	C1441672
27553875	1272	1285	clinical data	T170	C1516606
27553875	1287	1298	replacement	T169	C0559956
27553875	1299	1304	times	T081	C1632851
27553875	1316	1324	mutation	T045	C0026882
27553875	1340	1364	Lamivudine/Emtricitabine	T109,T195	C1977395
27553875	1377	1386	mutations	T045	C0026882
27553875	1413	1421	backward	T082	C0439784
27553875	1422	1435	mutation rate	T080	C3178846
27553875	1444	1452	relative	T080	C0205345
27553875	1453	1460	fitness	T056	C1456706
27553875	1483	1490	classes	T170	C0456387
27553875	1527	1546	protease inhibitors	T121	C0033607
27553875	1559	1568	mutations	T045	C0026882
27553875	1583	1591	backward	T082	C0439784
27553875	1592	1605	mutation rate	T080	C3178846
27553875	1615	1623	relative	T080	C0205345
27553875	1624	1631	fitness	T056	C1456706
27553875	1647	1655	mutation	T045	C0026882
27553875	1656	1663	classes	T170	C0456387
27553875	1700	1709	estimates	T081	C0750572

27554678|t|Hydrogen -rich water regulates effects of ROS balance on morphology, growth and secondary metabolism via glutathione peroxidase in Ganoderma lucidum
27554678|a|Ganoderma lucidum is one of the most important medicinal fungi, but the lack of basic study on the fungus has hindered the further development of its value. To investigate the roles of the redox system in G. lucidum, acetic acid (HAc) was applied as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress inducer, and hydrogen -rich water (HRW) was used to relieve the ROS stress in this study. Our results demonstrate that the treatment of 5% HRW significantly decreased the ROS content, maintained biomass and polar growth morphology of mycelium, and decreased secondary metabolism under HAc - induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, the roles of HRW were largely dependent on restoring the glutathione system under HAc stress in G. lucidum. To provide further evidence, we used two glutathione peroxidase (GPX)- defective strains, the gpxi strain, the mercaptosuccinic acid (MS, a GPX inhibitor)-treated wide-type (WT) strain, and gpx overexpression strains for further research. The results show that HRW was unable to relieve the HAc - induced ROS overproduction, decreased biomass, mycelium morphology change and increased secondary metabolism biosynthesis in the absence of GPX function. The gpx overexpression strains exhibited resistance to HAc - induced oxidative stress. Thus, we propose that HRW regulates morphology, growth and secondary metabolism via glutathione peroxidase under HAc stress in the fungus G. lucidum. Furthermore, our research also provides a method to study the ROS system in other fungi.
27554678	0	8	Hydrogen	T196	C0020275
27554678	0	20	Hydrogen -rich water	T121,T197	C0043047
27554678	21	30	regulates	T038	C1327622
27554678	42	45	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27554678	57	67	morphology	T080	C0332437
27554678	69	75	growth	T040	C0018270
27554678	80	100	secondary metabolism	T044	C0260000
27554678	105	127	glutathione peroxidase	T116,T126	C0017822
27554678	131	148	Ganoderma lucidum	T004	C2665483
27554678	149	166	Ganoderma lucidum	T004	C2665483
27554678	196	211	medicinal fungi	T004	C0016832
27554678	248	254	fungus	T004	C0016832
27554678	338	343	redox	T044	C0030012
27554678	338	350	redox system	T169	C0449913
27554678	354	364	G. lucidum	T004	C2665483
27554678	366	377	acetic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27554678	379	382	HAc	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27554678	401	424	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27554678	426	429	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27554678	431	437	stress	T049	C0242606
27554678	438	445	inducer	T167	C3898767
27554678	451	459	hydrogen	T196	C0020275
27554678	451	471	hydrogen -rich water	T121,T197	C0043047
27554678	473	476	HRW	T121,T197	C0043047
27554678	502	505	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27554678	506	512	stress	T049	C0242606
27554678	561	570	treatment	T169	C1522326
27554678	577	580	HRW	T121,T197	C0043047
27554678	595	604	decreased	T081	C0205216
27554678	609	612	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27554678	613	620	content	T081	C1265611
27554678	622	632	maintained	T169	C1314677
27554678	633	640	biomass	T081	C0005535
27554678	645	657	polar growth	T043	C1155893
27554678	658	668	morphology	T080	C0332437
27554678	672	680	mycelium	T004	C0949695
27554678	686	695	decreased	T081	C0205216
27554678	696	716	secondary metabolism	T044	C0260000
27554678	723	726	HAc	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27554678	729	736	induced	T046	C0007994
27554678	737	753	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27554678	781	784	HRW	T121,T197	C0043047
27554678	825	843	glutathione system	T116,T123	C0017817
27554678	850	853	HAc	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27554678	854	860	stress	T049	C0242606
27554678	864	874	G. lucidum	T004	C2665483
27554678	917	939	glutathione peroxidase	T116,T126	C0017822
27554678	941	944	GPX	T116,T126	C0017822
27554678	947	964	defective strains	T025	C0007635
27554678	970	981	gpxi strain	T025	C0007635
27554678	987	1008	mercaptosuccinic acid	T109	C0046573
27554678	1010	1012	MS	T109	C0046573
27554678	1016	1019	GPX	T116,T126	C0017822
27554678	1016	1029	GPX inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27554678	1039	1060	wide-type (WT) strain	T025	C0007635
27554678	1066	1069	gpx	T116,T126	C0017822
27554678	1066	1092	gpx overexpression strains	T025	C0007635
27554678	1137	1140	HRW	T121,T197	C0043047
27554678	1155	1162	relieve	T169	C1301676
27554678	1167	1170	HAc	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27554678	1173	1180	induced	T046	C0007994
27554678	1181	1184	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27554678	1185	1199	overproduction	T070	C0005520
27554678	1201	1210	decreased	T081	C0205216
27554678	1211	1218	biomass	T081	C0005535
27554678	1220	1228	mycelium	T004	C0949695
27554678	1229	1239	morphology	T080	C0332437
27554678	1251	1260	increased	T081	C0205217
27554678	1261	1281	secondary metabolism	T044	C0260000
27554678	1282	1294	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27554678	1302	1309	absence	T169	C0332197
27554678	1313	1316	GPX	T116,T126	C0017822
27554678	1313	1325	GPX function	T039	C0031843
27554678	1331	1334	gpx	T116,T126	C0017822
27554678	1331	1357	gpx overexpression strains	T025	C0007635
27554678	1368	1378	resistance	T039	C1514892
27554678	1382	1385	HAc	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27554678	1388	1395	induced	T046	C0007994
27554678	1396	1412	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27554678	1436	1439	HRW	T121,T197	C0043047
27554678	1440	1449	regulates	T038	C1327622
27554678	1450	1460	morphology	T080	C0332437
27554678	1462	1468	growth	T040	C0018270
27554678	1473	1493	secondary metabolism	T044	C0260000
27554678	1498	1520	glutathione peroxidase	T116,T126	C0017822
27554678	1527	1530	HAc	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27554678	1531	1537	stress	T049	C0242606
27554678	1545	1562	fungus G. lucidum	T004	C2665483
27554678	1626	1629	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27554678	1630	1636	system	T169	C0449913
27554678	1646	1651	fungi	T004	C0016832

27554917|t|A standardized approach for the assessment and treatment of internationally adopted children with a previously repaired anorectal malformation (ARM)
27554917|a|A significant number of internationally adopted children have congenital birth defects. As a specialist center for colorectal diagnoses, we evaluate such children with an anorectal malformation (ARM) and have found that a significant number need a reoperation. Knowledge of the common complications following ARM surgery has led us to develop treatment algorithms for patients with unknown past medical and surgical history, a situation typically encountered in the adopted population. The results of investigations, indications, and rate of reoperation were assessed for adopted children with an ARM evaluated between 2014 and 2016. 56 patients (28 males) were identified. 76.8% required reoperative surgery. Mislocation of the anus outside the sphincter complex was seen in 50% of males and 39.3% of females. Anal stricture, rectal prolapse, retained vaginal septum, and a strictured vaginal introitus were also common. The reoperative surgery rate in the internationally adopted child with an ARM is high. Complete, systematic evaluation of these children is required to identify complications following initial repair. Development of mechanisms to improve the primary surgical care these children receive is needed.
27554917	32	42	assessment	T058	C1261322
27554917	47	56	treatment	T061	C0087111
27554917	60	75	internationally	T078	C1512888
27554917	76	92	adopted children	T099	C0337541
27554917	120	142	anorectal malformation	T190	C3495676
27554917	144	147	ARM	T190	C3495676
27554917	173	188	internationally	T078	C1512888
27554917	189	205	adopted children	T099	C0337541
27554917	211	235	congenital birth defects	T019	C0000768
27554917	264	274	colorectal	T082	C0555952
27554917	275	284	diagnoses	T060	C0430022
27554917	303	311	children	T100	C0008059
27554917	320	342	anorectal malformation	T190	C3495676
27554917	344	347	ARM	T190	C3495676
27554917	397	408	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27554917	410	419	Knowledge	T033	C0518904
27554917	434	447	complications	T046	C0009566
27554917	458	461	ARM	T190	C3495676
27554917	462	469	surgery	T061	C0543467
27554917	492	501	treatment	T061	C0087111
27554917	502	512	algorithms	T170	C0002045
27554917	517	525	patients	T101	C0030705
27554917	539	551	past medical	T033	C0455458
27554917	556	572	surgical history	T033	C0744961
27554917	615	622	adopted	T033	C0425382
27554917	623	633	population	T098	C1257890
27554917	650	664	investigations	T058	C1261322
27554917	666	677	indications	T078	C3146298
27554917	683	687	rate	T081	C1521828
27554917	691	702	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27554917	721	737	adopted children	T099	C0337541
27554917	746	749	ARM	T190	C3495676
27554917	786	794	patients	T101	C0030705
27554917	799	804	males	T032	C0086582
27554917	838	857	reoperative surgery	T061	C0035110
27554917	878	882	anus	T023	C0003461
27554917	883	890	outside	T082	C0205101
27554917	895	904	sphincter	T023	C1409894
27554917	932	937	males	T032	C0086582
27554917	951	958	females	T032	C0086287
27554917	960	974	Anal stricture	T019	C0266229
27554917	976	991	rectal prolapse	T047	C0034888
27554917	993	1001	retained	T169	C0333118
27554917	1002	1016	vaginal septum	T019	C0431649
27554917	1024	1034	strictured	T046	C1261287
27554917	1035	1052	vaginal introitus	T030	C0458952
27554917	1075	1094	reoperative surgery	T061	C0035110
27554917	1095	1099	rate	T081	C1521828
27554917	1107	1122	internationally	T078	C1512888
27554917	1123	1136	adopted child	T099	C0337541
27554917	1145	1148	ARM	T190	C3495676
27554917	1199	1207	children	T100	C0008059
27554917	1232	1245	complications	T046	C0009566
27554917	1264	1270	repair	T058	C1705181
27554917	1321	1334	surgical care	T058	C0520254
27554917	1341	1349	children	T100	C0008059

27555478|t|Activation of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger in isolated cardiomyocytes through β-Raf dependent pathways. Role of Thr(653) of the cytosolic tail
27555478|a|The mammalian Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is a ubiquitous plasma membrane protein that is a key regulator of intracellular pH in isolated cardiomyocytes. A 500 amino acid membrane domain removes protons and is regulated by a 315 amino acid cytosolic domain. In the myocardium, aberrant regulation of NHE1 contributes to ischemia reperfusion damage and to heart hypertrophy. We examined mechanisms of regulation of NHE1 in the myocardium by endothelin and β-Raf. Endothelin stimulated NHE1 activity and activated Erk-dependent pathways. Inhibition of β-Raf reduced NHE1 activity and Erk-pathway activation. We demonstrated that myocardial β-Raf binds to the C-terminal 182 amino acids of the NHE1 protein and that β-Raf is associated with NHE1 in intact cardiomyocytes. NHE1 was phosphorylated in vivo and the protein kinase inhibitor sorafenib reduced NHE1 phosphorylation levels. Immunoprecipitates of β-Raf from cardiomyocytes phosphorylated the C-terminal 182 amino acids of NHE1 and mass spectrometry analysis showed that amino acid Thr(653) was phosphorylated. Mutation of this amino acid to Ala resulted in defective activity while mutation to Asp restored the activity. The results demonstrate that Thr(653) is an important regulator y amino acid of NHE1 that is activated through β-Raf dependent pathways by phosphorylation either directly or indirectly by β-Raf, and this affects NHE1 activity.
27555478	0	10	Activation	T052	C1879547
27555478	18	38	Na(+)/H(+) exchanger	T116,T123	C0074785
27555478	42	50	isolated	T169	C0205409
27555478	51	65	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27555478	74	79	β-Raf	T116,T123	C1259929
27555478	90	98	pathways	T044	C1704259
27555478	108	116	Thr(653)	T116,T121,T123	C0040005
27555478	124	138	cytosolic tail	T026	C1511625
27555478	143	152	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27555478	153	183	Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	185	189	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	207	230	plasma membrane protein	T116,T123	C1179841
27555478	245	274	regulator of intracellular pH	T040	C1655052
27555478	278	286	isolated	T169	C0205409
27555478	287	301	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27555478	309	335	amino acid membrane domain	T087	C1513110
27555478	344	351	protons	T196	C0033727
27555478	378	388	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27555478	389	405	cytosolic domain	T026	C1511625
27555478	414	424	myocardium	T024	C0027061
27555478	426	434	aberrant	T080	C0443127
27555478	435	445	regulation	T038	C1327622
27555478	449	453	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	469	496	ischemia reperfusion damage	T037	C0035126
27555478	504	521	heart hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27555478	526	534	examined	T033	C0332128
27555478	535	545	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27555478	549	559	regulation	T038	C1327622
27555478	563	567	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	575	585	myocardium	T024	C0027061
27555478	589	599	endothelin	T116,T123	C0079284
27555478	604	609	β-Raf	T116,T123	C1259929
27555478	611	621	Endothelin	T116,T123	C0079284
27555478	633	637	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	638	646	activity	T052	C0441655
27555478	651	660	activated	T052	C1879547
27555478	661	683	Erk-dependent pathways	T044	C3179234
27555478	699	704	β-Raf	T116,T123	C1259929
27555478	713	717	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	718	726	activity	T052	C0441655
27555478	731	742	Erk-pathway	T044	C3179234
27555478	743	753	activation	T052	C1879547
27555478	776	786	myocardial	T024	C0027061
27555478	787	792	β-Raf	T116,T123	C1259929
27555478	793	798	binds	T052	C1145667
27555478	806	832	C-terminal 182 amino acids	T087	C1707271
27555478	840	852	NHE1 protein	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	862	867	β-Raf	T116,T123	C1259929
27555478	871	886	associated with	T080	C0332281
27555478	887	891	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	895	901	intact	T080	C0205266
27555478	902	916	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27555478	918	922	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	927	941	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
27555478	942	949	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27555478	958	982	protein kinase inhibitor	T116,T121	C1449702
27555478	983	992	sorafenib	T109,T121	C1516119
27555478	1001	1005	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	1006	1021	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27555478	1030	1048	Immunoprecipitates	T129	C0301871
27555478	1052	1057	β-Raf	T116,T123	C1259929
27555478	1063	1077	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27555478	1078	1092	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
27555478	1097	1123	C-terminal 182 amino acids	T087	C1707271
27555478	1127	1131	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	1136	1162	mass spectrometry analysis	T059	C0037813
27555478	1175	1185	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27555478	1186	1194	Thr(653)	T116,T121,T123	C0040005
27555478	1199	1213	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
27555478	1215	1223	Mutation	T045	C0026882
27555478	1232	1242	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27555478	1246	1249	Ala	T116,T123	C0001898
27555478	1262	1271	defective	T169	C0332452
27555478	1272	1280	activity	T052	C0441655
27555478	1287	1295	mutation	T045	C0026882
27555478	1299	1302	Asp	T116,T123	C0085845
27555478	1316	1324	activity	T052	C0441655
27555478	1330	1337	results	T034	C0456984
27555478	1355	1363	Thr(653)	T116,T121,T123	C0040005
27555478	1380	1389	regulator	T077	C1704735
27555478	1392	1402	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27555478	1406	1410	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	1419	1428	activated	T052	C1879547
27555478	1437	1442	β-Raf	T116,T123	C1259929
27555478	1453	1461	pathways	T044	C1704259
27555478	1465	1480	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27555478	1514	1519	β-Raf	T116,T123	C1259929
27555478	1538	1542	NHE1	T116,T123	C1113671
27555478	1543	1551	activity	T052	C0441655

27555654|t|The Latin American Biological Dosimetry Network (LBDNet)
27555654|a|Biological Dosimetry is a necessary support for national radiation protection programmes and emergency response schemes. The Latin American Biological Dosimetry Network (LBDNet) was formally founded in 2007 to provide early biological dosimetry assistance in case of radiation emergencies in the Latin American Region. Here are presented the main topics considered in the foundational document of the network, which comprise: mission, partners, concept of operation, including the mechanism to request support for biological dosimetry assistance in the region, and the network capabilities. The process for network activation and the role of the coordinating laboratory during biological dosimetry emergency response is also presented. This information is preceded by historical remarks on biological dosimetry cooperation in Latin America. A summary of the main experimental and practical results already obtained by the LBDNet is also included.
27555654	4	47	Latin American Biological Dosimetry Network	T093	C1708333
27555654	49	55	LBDNet	T093	C1708333
27555654	57	67	Biological	T080	C0205460
27555654	68	77	Dosimetry	T059	C0034603
27555654	93	100	support	T077	C1521721
27555654	105	145	national radiation protection programmes	T170	C0376691
27555654	150	176	emergency response schemes	T170	C1519193
27555654	182	225	Latin American Biological Dosimetry Network	T093	C1708333
27555654	227	233	LBDNet	T093	C1708333
27555654	275	280	early	T079	C1279919
27555654	281	291	biological	T080	C0205460
27555654	292	301	dosimetry	T059	C0034603
27555654	302	312	assistance	T080	C1269765
27555654	324	345	radiation emergencies	T068	C2963185
27555654	353	374	Latin American Region	T083	C0023122
27555654	404	410	topics	T170	C1555712
27555654	429	450	foundational document	T170	C1301746
27555654	458	465	network	T073	C0021419
27555654	483	490	mission	T078	C0029245
27555654	492	500	partners	T098	C3887537
27555654	502	509	concept	T078	C0178566
27555654	513	522	operation	T052	C3241922
27555654	538	547	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27555654	559	566	support	T077	C1521721
27555654	571	581	biological	T080	C0205460
27555654	582	591	dosimetry	T059	C0034603
27555654	592	602	assistance	T080	C1269765
27555654	610	616	region	T083	C0017446
27555654	626	633	network	T073	C0021419
27555654	634	646	capabilities	T080	C2698977
27555654	652	659	process	T067	C1522240
27555654	664	671	network	T073	C0021419
27555654	672	682	activation	T052	C1879547
27555654	691	695	role	T170	C3871154
27555654	703	715	coordinating	T169	C0700114
27555654	716	726	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27555654	734	744	biological	T080	C0205460
27555654	745	754	dosimetry	T059	C0034603
27555654	755	764	emergency	T067	C0013956
27555654	765	773	response	T041	C2911692
27555654	798	809	information	T078	C1533716
27555654	825	835	historical	T079	C0019659
27555654	836	843	remarks	T170	C0282411
27555654	847	857	biological	T080	C0205460
27555654	858	867	dosimetry	T059	C0034603
27555654	868	879	cooperation	T054	C0392337
27555654	883	896	Latin America	T083	C0023122
27555654	900	907	summary	T170	C1706244
27555654	920	932	experimental	T080	C1517586
27555654	937	946	practical	T080	C0205556
27555654	947	954	results	T169	C1274040
27555654	979	985	LBDNet	T093	C1708333

27555752|t|Modeling the hospital safety partnership preferences of patients and their families: a discrete choice conjoint experiment
27555752|a|Patients and their families play an important role in efforts to improve health service safety. The objective of this study is to understand the safety partnership preferences of patients and their families. We used a discrete choice conjoint experiment to model the safety partnership preferences of 1,084 patients or those such as parents acting on their behalf. Participants made choices between hypothetical safety partnerships composed by experimentally varying 15 four-level partnership design attributes. Participants preferred an approach to safety based on partnerships between patients and staff rather than a model delegating responsibility for safety to hospital staff. They valued the opportunity to participate in point of service safety partnerships, such as identity and medication double checks, that might afford an immediate risk reduction. Latent class analysis yielded two segments. Actively engaged participants (73.3%) comprised outpatients with higher education, who anticipated more benefits to safety partnerships, were more confident in their ability to contribute, and were more intent on participating. They were more likely to prefer a personal engagement strategy, valued scientific evidence, preferred a more active approach to safety education, and advocated disclosure of errors. The passively engaged segment (26.7%) anticipated fewer benefits, were less confident in their ability to contribute, and were less intent on participating. They were more likely to prefer an engagement strategy based on signage. They preferred that staff explain why they thought patients should help make care safer and decide whether errors were disclosed. Inpatients, those with immigrant backgrounds, and those with less education were more likely to be in this segment. Health services need to communicate information regarding risks, ask about partnership preferences, create opportunities respecting individual differences, and ensure a positive response when patients raise safety concerns.
27555752	0	8	Modeling	T062	C0870071
27555752	13	21	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27555752	22	28	safety	T068	C0036043
27555752	29	40	partnership	T058	C3826012
27555752	41	64	preferences of patients	T080	C0376409
27555752	75	83	families	T099	C0015576
27555752	87	95	discrete	T080	C0443299
27555752	96	102	choice	T055	C0008300
27555752	103	122	conjoint experiment	T062	C0681814
27555752	123	131	Patients	T101	C0030705
27555752	142	150	families	T099	C0015576
27555752	169	173	role	T077	C1705810
27555752	188	195	improve	T077	C2986411
27555752	196	210	health service	T058	C0018747
27555752	211	217	safety	T068	C0036043
27555752	223	232	objective	T170	C0018017
27555752	241	246	study	T062	C2603343
27555752	268	274	safety	T068	C0036043
27555752	275	286	partnership	T058	C3826012
27555752	287	310	preferences of patients	T080	C0376409
27555752	321	329	families	T099	C0015576
27555752	341	349	discrete	T080	C0443299
27555752	350	356	choice	T055	C0008300
27555752	357	376	conjoint experiment	T062	C0681814
27555752	390	396	safety	T068	C0036043
27555752	397	408	partnership	T058	C3826012
27555752	409	420	preferences	T080	C0376409
27555752	430	438	patients	T101	C0030705
27555752	456	463	parents	T099	C0030551
27555752	488	500	Participants	T098	C0679646
27555752	506	513	choices	T055	C0008300
27555752	535	541	safety	T068	C0036043
27555752	542	554	partnerships	T058	C3826012
27555752	604	615	partnership	T058	C3826012
27555752	616	622	design	T052	C1707689
27555752	623	633	attributes	T055	C0037401
27555752	635	647	Participants	T098	C0679646
27555752	648	657	preferred	T078	C0558295
27555752	661	669	approach	T082	C0449445
27555752	673	679	safety	T068	C0036043
27555752	689	701	partnerships	T058	C3826012
27555752	710	718	patients	T101	C0030705
27555752	723	728	staff	T097	C0025106
27555752	760	774	responsibility	T055	C0678341
27555752	779	785	safety	T068	C0036043
27555752	789	803	hospital staff	T097	C0025109
27555752	821	847	opportunity to participate	UnknownType	C0814559
27555752	868	874	safety	T068	C0036043
27555752	875	887	partnerships	T058	C3826012
27555752	910	934	medication double checks	T058	C1254363
27555752	957	966	immediate	T079	C0205253
27555752	967	981	risk reduction	T055	C1137094
27555752	996	1004	analysis	T062	C0936012
27555752	1027	1056	Actively engaged participants	T098	C0679646
27555752	1075	1086	outpatients	T101	C0029921
27555752	1092	1108	higher education	T065	C2584301
27555752	1114	1125	anticipated	T033	C3840775
27555752	1131	1139	benefits	T081	C0814225
27555752	1143	1149	safety	T068	C0036043
27555752	1150	1162	partnerships	T058	C3826012
27555752	1169	1183	more confident	T033	C3840600
27555752	1193	1200	ability	T032	C0085732
27555752	1204	1214	contribute	T052	C1880177
27555752	1230	1236	intent	T080	C1283828
27555752	1240	1253	participating	T169	C0679823
27555752	1280	1286	prefer	T080	C0376409
27555752	1298	1308	engagement	T058	C3508152
27555752	1309	1317	strategy	T041	C0679199
27555752	1326	1345	scientific evidence	T078	C3887511
27555752	1347	1356	preferred	T078	C0558295
27555752	1371	1379	approach	T082	C0449445
27555752	1383	1399	safety education	T065	C1272340
27555752	1415	1435	disclosure of errors	T080	C4046003
27555752	1475	1486	anticipated	T033	C3840775
27555752	1487	1492	fewer	T081	C0205388
27555752	1493	1501	benefits	T081	C0814225
27555752	1513	1522	confident	T055	C0558095
27555752	1532	1539	ability	T032	C0085732
27555752	1543	1553	contribute	T052	C1880177
27555752	1579	1592	participating	T169	C0679823
27555752	1629	1639	engagement	T058	C3508152
27555752	1640	1648	strategy	T041	C0679199
27555752	1658	1665	signage	T073	C4054026
27555752	1672	1681	preferred	T078	C0558295
27555752	1687	1692	staff	T097	C0025106
27555752	1718	1726	patients	T101	C0030705
27555752	1744	1748	care	T058	C0086388
27555752	1774	1780	errors	T080	C0376531
27555752	1797	1807	Inpatients	T101	C0021562
27555752	1820	1841	immigrant backgrounds	T033	C2242882
27555752	1858	1872	less education	T033	C0013658
27555752	1913	1928	Health services	T058	C0018747
27555752	1949	1960	information	T078	C1533716
27555752	1971	1976	risks	T078	C0035647
27555752	1988	1999	partnership	T058	C3826012
27555752	2000	2011	preferences	T080	C0376409
27555752	2020	2033	opportunities	UnknownType	C0814559
27555752	2045	2067	individual differences	T054	C0021228
27555752	2082	2099	positive response	T033	C1514241
27555752	2105	2113	patients	T101	C0030705
27555752	2120	2126	safety	T068	C0036043
27555752	2127	2135	concerns	T078	C2699424

27555898|t|Influence of ozone and paracetic acid disinfection on adhesion of resilient liners to acrylic resin
27555898|a|The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of paracetic acid (PAA) and ozone disinfection on the tensile bond strength (TBS) of silicone-based resilient liners to acrylic resins. One hundred and twenty dumbbell shaped heat-polymerized acrylic resins were prepared. From the mid segment of the specimens, 3 mm of acrylic were grinded off and separated parts were reattached by resilient liners. The specimens were divided into 2 control (control1, control7) and 4 test groups of PAA and ozone disinfection (PAA1, PAA7, ozone1 and ozone7; n=10). While control groups were immersed in distilled water for 10 min (control1) and 7 days (control7), test groups were subjected to PAA (16 g/L) or ozone rich water (4 mg/L) for 1 cycle (10 min for PAA and 60 min for ozone) per day for 7 days prior to tensile tests. Measurements of the TBS were analyzed using 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Adhesive strength of Mollosil decreased significantly by application of ozone disinfection. PAA disinfection had no negative effect on the TBS values of Mollosil and Molloplast B to acrylic resin. Single application of ozone disinfection did not have any negative effect on TBS values of Molloplast B, but prolonged exposure to ozone decreased its adhesive strength. The adhesion of resilient liners to acrylic was not adversely affected by PAA disinfection. Immersion in ozonated water significantly decreased TBS of Mollosil. Prolonged exposure to ozone negatively affects adhesion of Molloplast B to denture base materials.
27555898	13	18	ozone	T103	C0030106
27555898	23	37	paracetic acid	T109	C0030968
27555898	38	50	disinfection	T061	C0012683
27555898	54	65	adhesion of	T070	C0175633
27555898	66	82	resilient liners	T122	C0440188
27555898	86	99	acrylic resin	T122	C0001222
27555898	152	166	paracetic acid	T109	C0030968
27555898	168	171	PAA	T109	C0030968
27555898	177	182	ozone	T103	C0030106
27555898	183	195	disinfection	T061	C0012683
27555898	203	224	tensile bond strength	T081	C0039526
27555898	226	229	TBS	T081	C0039526
27555898	234	248	silicone-based	T109,T122	C0037114
27555898	249	265	resilient liners	T122	C0440188
27555898	269	283	acrylic resins	T122	C0001222
27555898	308	323	dumbbell shaped	T082	C0686912
27555898	324	340	heat-polymerized	T067	C0314672
27555898	341	355	acrylic resins	T122	C0001222
27555898	399	408	specimens	T167	C0370003
27555898	418	425	acrylic	T122	C0001222
27555898	482	498	resilient liners	T122	C0440188
27555898	504	513	specimens	T167	C0370003
27555898	532	541	2 control	T167	C0370003
27555898	543	551	control1	T167	C0370003
27555898	553	561	control7	T167	C0370003
27555898	584	587	PAA	T109	C0030968
27555898	592	597	ozone	T103	C0030106
27555898	598	610	disinfection	T061	C0012683
27555898	612	616	PAA1	T109	C0030968
27555898	618	622	PAA7	T109	C0030968
27555898	624	630	ozone1	T103	C0030106
27555898	635	641	ozone7	T103	C0030106
27555898	688	703	distilled water	T121,T197	C0790233
27555898	716	724	control1	T167	C0370003
27555898	738	746	control7	T167	C0370003
27555898	779	782	PAA	T109	C0030968
27555898	795	800	ozone	T103	C0030106
27555898	806	811	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27555898	845	848	PAA	T109	C0030968
27555898	864	869	ozone	T103	C0030106
27555898	899	906	tensile	T081	C0039526
27555898	907	912	tests	T059	C0022885
27555898	934	937	TBS	T081	C0039526
27555898	964	969	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27555898	974	990	Tukey's HSD test	T059	C0022885
27555898	992	1000	Adhesive	T073	C0001516
27555898	1001	1009	strength	T078	C0808080
27555898	1013	1021	Mollosil	T109,T122	C1436546
27555898	1064	1069	ozone	T103	C0030106
27555898	1070	1082	disinfection	T061	C0012683
27555898	1084	1087	PAA	T109	C0030968
27555898	1088	1100	disinfection	T061	C0012683
27555898	1131	1134	TBS	T081	C0039526
27555898	1145	1153	Mollosil	T109,T122	C1436546
27555898	1158	1170	Molloplast B	T109,T122	C0128823
27555898	1174	1187	acrylic resin	T122	C0001222
27555898	1211	1216	ozone	T103	C0030106
27555898	1217	1229	disinfection	T061	C0012683
27555898	1266	1269	TBS	T081	C0039526
27555898	1280	1292	Molloplast B	T109,T122	C0128823
27555898	1298	1307	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27555898	1308	1325	exposure to ozone	T033	C0240618
27555898	1340	1348	adhesive	T073	C0001516
27555898	1349	1357	strength	T078	C0808080
27555898	1363	1371	adhesion	T070	C0175633
27555898	1375	1391	resilient liners	T122	C0440188
27555898	1433	1436	PAA	T109	C0030968
27555898	1437	1449	disinfection	T061	C0012683
27555898	1464	1472	ozonated	T052	C3640178
27555898	1473	1478	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27555898	1503	1506	TBS	T081	C0039526
27555898	1510	1518	Mollosil	T109,T122	C1436546
27555898	1542	1547	ozone	T103	C0030106
27555898	1567	1575	adhesion	T070	C0175633
27555898	1579	1591	Molloplast B	T109,T122	C0128823
27555898	1595	1617	denture base materials	T074	C3504513

27555975|t|Delayed Axillary Artery Occlusion after Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
27555975|a|Axillary artery injury has been associated with shoulder dislocation and surgery. We describe a case of delayed axillary artery occlusion after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. The injury was confirmed by Doppler and angiography and was treated with angioplasty and stenting. Early recognition and treatment of this injury are mandatory for patients' recovery.
27555975	0	7	Delayed	T079	C0205421
27555975	8	23	Axillary Artery	T023	C0004455
27555975	24	33	Occlusion	T046	C1110554
27555975	48	75	Total Shoulder Arthroplasty	T061	C0186657
27555975	76	98	Axillary artery injury	T037	C0160745
27555975	108	123	associated with	T080	C0332281
27555975	124	144	shoulder dislocation	T037	C0037005
27555975	149	156	surgery	T061	C0186321
27555975	180	187	delayed	T079	C0205421
27555975	188	203	axillary artery	T023	C0004455
27555975	204	213	occlusion	T046	C1110554
27555975	220	227	reverse	T169	C1555029
27555975	228	255	total shoulder arthroplasty	T061	C0186657
27555975	261	267	injury	T037	C0160745
27555975	272	284	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27555975	285	292	Doppler	T060	C0162481
27555975	297	308	angiography	T060	C0002978
27555975	317	329	treated with	T061	C0332293
27555975	330	341	angioplasty	T061	C0162577
27555975	346	354	stenting	T061	C2348535
27555975	356	373	Early recognition	T060	C0596473
27555975	378	387	treatment	T061	C0087111
27555975	396	402	injury	T037	C0160745
27555975	407	416	mandatory	T169	C1514873
27555975	421	430	patients'	T101	C0030705
27555975	431	439	recovery	T040	C2004454

27556293|t|Options in treating trigeminal neuralgia: Experience with 195 patients
27556293|a|For patients with medically unresponsive trigeminal neuralgia (TN), surgical options include microvascular decompression (MVD), radiofrequency rhizotomy (RF), and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). In an attempt to identify the risks and benefits and cost inherent with each of the three modalities, we performed a retrospective review of our experience with 195 cases of TN treated over the past 15 years. Since 2001, 195 patients with previously untreated TN were managed: with MVD in 79, RF in 36, and SRS in 80. All patients reported herein underwent preoperative MRI. Women outnumbered men 122/73 (p=0.045). Follow-up after surgery was 32±46 months. The patients qualifying for MVD were generally healthier and younger, with a mean age ± SD of 57±14, compared to those undergoing RF (75±15) or SRS (73±13, p<0.0001). In case of relapse, medical treatment was always tried and failed prior to consideration of surgical intervention. A second surgical procedure was necessary in 2, 23, and 18 patients initially treated with MVD, RF, and SRS respectively (p<0.0001). In the patients treated with MVD, RF, and SRS, the average number of procedures per patient necessary to achieve pain control was 1.1, 2.0, and 1.3 respectively (p=0.001). There were 7 complications in the patients treated with MVD but no deaths. Numbness was present in 13, 18, and 29 patients treated with MVD, RF, and SRS respectively (p=0.008). MVD for TN is the treatment least likely to fail or require additional treatment. Patients who underwent MVD were younger than those undergoing RF or SRS. The highest rate of recurrence of TN was encountered in patients undergoing RF (64%). Facial numbness was least likely to occur with MVD (16%) compared to RF and SRS (50% and 36% respectively).
27556293	0	7	Options	T061	C0683525
27556293	11	19	treating	T169	C1522326
27556293	20	40	trigeminal neuralgia	T047	C0040997
27556293	42	52	Experience	T041	C0596545
27556293	62	70	patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	75	83	patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	112	132	trigeminal neuralgia	T047	C0040997
27556293	134	136	TN	T047	C0040997
27556293	139	155	surgical options	T061	C0683525
27556293	164	191	microvascular decompression	T061	C1328580
27556293	193	196	MVD	T061	C1328580
27556293	199	223	radiofrequency rhizotomy	T061	C0282615
27556293	225	227	RF	T061	C0282615
27556293	234	259	stereotactic radiosurgery	T061	C0085203
27556293	261	264	SRS	T061	C0085203
27556293	297	315	risks and benefits	T080	C0687742
27556293	320	333	cost inherent	T169	C0220812
27556293	357	367	modalities	T078	C0695347
27556293	384	397	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27556293	398	404	review	T170	C0282443
27556293	412	422	experience	T041	C0596545
27556293	441	443	TN	T047	C0040997
27556293	444	451	treated	T169	C1522326
27556293	469	474	years	T079	C0439234
27556293	492	500	patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	527	529	TN	T047	C0040997
27556293	549	552	MVD	T061	C1328580
27556293	560	562	RF	T061	C0282615
27556293	574	577	SRS	T061	C0085203
27556293	589	597	patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	624	636	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27556293	637	640	MRI	T060	C0024485
27556293	642	647	Women	T098	C0043210
27556293	660	663	men	T098	C0025266
27556293	682	691	Follow-up	T058	C1522577
27556293	698	705	surgery	T061	C0543467
27556293	716	722	months	T079	C0439231
27556293	728	736	patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	752	755	MVD	T061	C1328580
27556293	801	809	mean age	T032	C0001779
27556293	812	814	SD	T081	C0871420
27556293	854	856	RF	T061	C0282615
27556293	868	871	SRS	T061	C0085203
27556293	902	909	relapse	T067	C0035020
27556293	911	928	medical treatment	UnknownType	C0679624
27556293	983	1004	surgical intervention	T033	C0549433
27556293	1015	1033	surgical procedure	T061	C0543467
27556293	1065	1073	patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	1084	1091	treated	T169	C1522326
27556293	1097	1100	MVD	T061	C1328580
27556293	1102	1104	RF	T061	C0282615
27556293	1110	1113	SRS	T061	C0085203
27556293	1146	1154	patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	1155	1162	treated	T169	C1522326
27556293	1168	1171	MVD	T061	C1328580
27556293	1173	1175	RF	T061	C0282615
27556293	1181	1184	SRS	T061	C0085203
27556293	1208	1218	procedures	T061	C0543467
27556293	1223	1230	patient	T101	C0030705
27556293	1252	1264	pain control	T061	C1304888
27556293	1324	1337	complications	T046	C0009566
27556293	1345	1353	patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	1354	1361	treated	T169	C1522326
27556293	1367	1370	MVD	T061	C1328580
27556293	1378	1384	deaths	T040	C0011065
27556293	1386	1394	Numbness	T184	C0028643
27556293	1425	1433	patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	1434	1441	treated	T169	C1522326
27556293	1447	1450	MVD	T061	C1328580
27556293	1452	1454	RF	T061	C0282615
27556293	1460	1463	SRS	T061	C0085203
27556293	1488	1491	MVD	T061	C1328580
27556293	1496	1498	TN	T047	C0040997
27556293	1506	1515	treatment	T061	C0087111
27556293	1532	1536	fail	T169	C0231175
27556293	1559	1568	treatment	T061	C0087111
27556293	1570	1578	Patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	1593	1596	MVD	T061	C1328580
27556293	1632	1634	RF	T061	C0282615
27556293	1638	1641	SRS	T061	C0085203
27556293	1647	1673	highest rate of recurrence	T033	C1846661
27556293	1677	1679	TN	T047	C0040997
27556293	1699	1707	patients	T101	C0030705
27556293	1719	1721	RF	T061	C0282615
27556293	1729	1744	Facial numbness	T184	C0239511
27556293	1776	1779	MVD	T061	C1328580
27556293	1798	1800	RF	T061	C0282615
27556293	1805	1808	SRS	T061	C0085203

27556586|t|Impact of LbSapSal Vaccine in Canine Immunological and Parasitological Features before and after Leishmania chagasi - Challenge
27556586|a|Dogs represent the most important domestic reservoir of L. chagasi (syn. L. infantum). A vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) would be an important tool for decreasing the anxiety related to possible L. chagasi infection and for controlling human visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Because the sand fly salivary proteins are potent immunogens obligatorily co-deposited during transmission of Leishmania parasites, their inclusion in an anti-Leishmania vaccine has been investigated in past decades. We investigated the immunogenicity of the "LbSapSal" vaccine (L. braziliensis antigens, saponin as adjuvant, and Lutzomyia longipalpis salivary gland extract) in dogs at baseline (T0), during the post-vaccination protocol (T3rd) and after early (T90) and late (T885) times following L. chagasi - challenge. Our major data indicated that immunization with " LbSapSal " is able to induce biomarkers characterized by enhanced amounts of type I (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-12, interferon [IFN]-γ) cytokines and reduction in type II cytokines (IL-4 and TGF-β), even after experimental challenge. The establishment of a prominent pro-inflammatory immune response after " LbSapSal " immunization supported the increased levels of nitric oxide production, favoring a reduction in spleen parasitism (78.9%) and indicating long-lasting protection against L. chagasi infection. In conclusion, these results confirmed the hypothesis that the " LbSapSal " vaccination is a potential tool to control the Leishmania chagasi infection.
27556586	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27556586	10	26	LbSapSal Vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27556586	30	36	Canine	T015	C1280551
27556586	37	50	Immunological	T169	C0205470
27556586	55	70	Parasitological	T080	C0205468
27556586	97	115	Leishmania chagasi	T204	C0446195
27556586	118	127	Challenge	T058	C0805586
27556586	128	132	Dogs	T015	C0012984
27556586	184	194	L. chagasi	T204	C0446195
27556586	201	212	L. infantum	T204	C0023272
27556586	217	224	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27556586	233	239	canine	T015	C1280551
27556586	240	262	visceral leishmaniasis	T047	C0023290
27556586	264	267	CVL	T047	C0023290
27556586	315	322	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27556586	343	363	L. chagasi infection	T047	C1400587
27556586	384	389	human	T016	C0086418
27556586	390	412	visceral leishmaniasis	T047	C0023290
27556586	414	416	VL	T047	C0023290
27556586	431	439	sand fly	T204	C0036158
27556586	440	457	salivary proteins	T116,T123	C0036100
27556586	469	479	immunogens	T129	C0003320
27556586	513	525	transmission	T070	C1521797
27556586	529	549	Leishmania parasites	T204	C1095819
27556586	573	596	anti-Leishmania vaccine	T121,T129	C1548483
27556586	627	634	decades	T081	C2981279
27556586	656	670	immunogenicity	T038	C4277607
27556586	678	696	"LbSapSal" vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27556586	698	713	L. braziliensis	T204	C0023271
27556586	714	722	antigens	T129	C0003320
27556586	724	731	saponin	T109	C0520481
27556586	735	743	adjuvant	T121,T129	C0001551
27556586	749	770	Lutzomyia longipalpis	T204	C0322761
27556586	771	785	salivary gland	T023	C0036098
27556586	786	793	extract	T167	C2828366
27556586	798	802	dogs	T015	C0012984
27556586	832	848	post-vaccination	T079	C1254367
27556586	919	929	L. chagasi	T204	C0446195
27556586	932	941	challenge	T058	C0805586
27556586	973	985	immunization	T061	C0020971
27556586	993	1001	LbSapSal	T121,T129	C0042210
27556586	1022	1032	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27556586	1070	1076	type I	T116,T129	C0041368
27556586	1078	1107	tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27556586	1109	1128	interleukin [IL]-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27556586	1130	1148	interferon [IFN]-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27556586	1150	1159	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27556586	1177	1194	type II cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27556586	1196	1200	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27556586	1205	1210	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27556586	1237	1246	challenge	T058	C0805586
27556586	1281	1297	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27556586	1298	1313	immune response	T042	C0301872
27556586	1322	1330	LbSapSal	T121,T129	C0042210
27556586	1333	1345	immunization	T061	C0020971
27556586	1380	1392	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27556586	1393	1403	production	T052	C1883254
27556586	1429	1435	spleen	T023	C0037993
27556586	1436	1446	parasitism	T070	C0677482
27556586	1483	1493	protection	T033	C1545588
27556586	1502	1522	L. chagasi infection	T047	C1400587
27556586	1567	1577	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27556586	1589	1597	LbSapSal	T121,T129	C0042210
27556586	1600	1611	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27556586	1627	1631	tool	T169	C0449851
27556586	1635	1642	control	T080	C0243148
27556586	1647	1675	Leishmania chagasi infection	T047	C1400587

27557464|t|Assessment of the Relationship Between Clinicophysiologic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of the Temporomandibular Disorder Patients
27557464|a|Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMJDs) are a complex group of disorders that comprise dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In this study, we analyzed the objective and subjective findings of the TMJD patients by using Helkimo anamnesis (Ai) and clinical dysfunction (Di) indices, and tried to document a relation between these findings and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results.Ninety-eight patients who were admitted to our clinic were included in the study. The clinical evaluation was performed by using Ai, an 8-question-survey based on the objective symptoms of patients; Di, concluded as the score of 5 objective measurements of physical examination. The morphology of the TMJ was evaluated by MRI, and the findings were analyzed and statistically compared with respect to the Di .The most commonly seen symptoms were noise during mandibular movement (58%), pain around the joint (42.5%), and pain with mandibular movements (40%). Seventeen patients (17.3%) were Di0, 47 (48%) were DiI, 24 (24.5%) were DiII, and 10 (10.2%) were DiIII. Thirty-seven patients (37.8%) had abnormal MRI findings, whereas 61 patients (62.2%) had normal MRI. The most commonly encountered pathology was anterior disc displacement with reduction, which was reported in 15 patients. Increased TMJ Di, which points a more progressed TMJD, was found to be significantly related with the pathological MRI findings (P < 0.05). MRI is especially effective in particularly those with high Di; therefore, the results of the study may give a prospect in which types of patients does MRI give a valuable data toward diagnosis, in which stages of the TMJD should we expect pathological findings, and thereby preventing unnecessary use of MRI in patients with symptoms of TMJD.
27557464	39	57	Clinicophysiologic	T039	C0031843
27557464	62	88	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C0024485
27557464	89	97	Findings	T033	C0243095
27557464	105	131	Temporomandibular Disorder	T047	C0039494
27557464	132	140	Patients	T101	C0030705
27557464	141	174	Temporomandibular joint disorders	T047	C0039494
27557464	176	181	TMJDs	T047	C0039494
27557464	206	215	disorders	T047	C0012634
27557464	230	242	dysfunctions	T077	C3887504
27557464	250	273	temporomandibular joint	T030	C0039493
27557464	275	278	TMJ	T030	C0039493
27557464	289	294	study	T062	C2603343
27557464	337	345	findings	T033	C0243095
27557464	353	357	TMJD	T047	C0039494
27557464	358	366	patients	T101	C0030705
27557464	376	393	Helkimo anamnesis	T170	C0282574
27557464	395	397	Ai	T170	C0282574
27557464	403	436	clinical dysfunction (Di) indices	T170	C0282574
27557464	485	493	findings	T033	C0243095
27557464	498	524	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27557464	526	529	MRI	T060	C0024485
27557464	552	560	patients	T101	C0030705
27557464	586	592	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27557464	614	619	study	T062	C2603343
27557464	625	644	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
27557464	668	670	Ai	T170	C0282574
27557464	675	692	8-question-survey	T170	C0282574
27557464	716	724	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27557464	728	736	patients	T101	C0030705
27557464	738	740	Di	T170	C0282574
27557464	796	816	physical examination	T058	C0031809
27557464	822	832	morphology	T080	C0332437
27557464	840	843	TMJ	T030	C0039493
27557464	861	864	MRI	T060	C0024485
27557464	874	882	findings	T033	C0243095
27557464	944	946	Di	T170	C0282574
27557464	971	979	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27557464	985	990	noise	T184	C0277829
27557464	998	1008	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27557464	1009	1017	movement	T040	C0026649
27557464	1025	1029	pain	T184	C0030193
27557464	1041	1046	joint	T030	C0022417
27557464	1060	1064	pain	T184	C0030193
27557464	1070	1080	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27557464	1081	1090	movements	T040	C0026649
27557464	1108	1116	patients	T101	C0030705
27557464	1130	1133	Di0	T170	C0282574
27557464	1149	1152	DiI	T170	C0282574
27557464	1170	1174	DiII	T170	C0282574
27557464	1196	1201	DiIII	T170	C0282574
27557464	1216	1224	patients	T101	C0030705
27557464	1237	1245	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27557464	1246	1249	MRI	T060	C0024485
27557464	1250	1258	findings	T033	C0243095
27557464	1271	1279	patients	T101	C0030705
27557464	1292	1298	normal	T080	C0205307
27557464	1299	1302	MRI	T060	C0024485
27557464	1334	1343	pathology	T046	C0677042
27557464	1416	1424	patients	T101	C0030705
27557464	1436	1439	TMJ	T030	C0039493
27557464	1440	1442	Di	T170	C0282574
27557464	1475	1479	TMJD	T047	C0039494
27557464	1528	1540	pathological	T169	C1521733
27557464	1541	1544	MRI	T060	C0024485
27557464	1545	1553	findings	T033	C0243095
27557464	1566	1569	MRI	T060	C0024485
27557464	1626	1628	Di	T170	C0282574
27557464	1660	1665	study	T062	C2603343
27557464	1704	1712	patients	T101	C0030705
27557464	1718	1721	MRI	T060	C0024485
27557464	1750	1759	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27557464	1770	1776	stages	T079	C1306673
27557464	1784	1788	TMJD	T047	C0039494
27557464	1806	1818	pathological	T169	C1521733
27557464	1819	1827	findings	T033	C0243095
27557464	1871	1874	MRI	T060	C0024485
27557464	1878	1886	patients	T101	C0030705
27557464	1892	1900	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27557464	1904	1908	TMJD	T047	C0039494

27558728|t|Stochastic Subcellular Organization of Dense-Core Vesicles Revealed by Point Pattern Analysis
27558728|a|Dense-core vesicles (DCVs) are regulated secretory organelles found in many types of neurons. In neurons of the hippocampus, their cargo includes proteins that mediate several pivotal processes, including differentiation and synaptic plasticity. Motivated by interest in DCV distribution and its impact on cargo action, we have used fluorescence microscopy and statistical analysis to develop a quantitative model of the subcellular organization of DCVs in hippocampal neurons that are spontaneously active (their most prevalent state). We also have tested the functionally motivated hypothesis that these organelles are synaptically enriched. Variance-to-mean ratio, frequency distribution, and Moran's autocorrelation analyses reveal that DCV distribution along shafts, and within synapses, follows Poisson statistics, establishing that stochastically dictated organization sustains cargo function. Occupancy in boutons exceeds that at nearby extrasynaptic axonal sites by approximately threefold, revealing significant local presynaptic enrichment. Widespread stochastic organization is consistent with the emerging functional importance of synaptically and extrasynaptically localized DCVs. Presynaptic enrichment is consistent with the established importance of protecting presynaptic sites from depletion of DCV cargo. These results enhance understanding of the link between DCV organization and mechanisms of cargo action, and they reinforce the emerging theme that randomness is a prevalent aspect of synaptic organization and composition.
27558728	0	10	Stochastic	T080	C0439605
27558728	11	35	Subcellular Organization	T043	C1155939
27558728	39	58	Dense-Core Vesicles	T026	C0887944
27558728	71	93	Point Pattern Analysis	T062	C0936012
27558728	94	113	Dense-core vesicles	T026	C0887944
27558728	115	119	DCVs	T026	C0887944
27558728	135	144	secretory	T043	C1327616
27558728	145	155	organelles	T026	C0029219
27558728	179	186	neurons	T025	C0027882
27558728	191	198	neurons	T025	C0027882
27558728	206	217	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27558728	225	230	cargo	UnknownType	C1456849
27558728	240	248	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27558728	278	287	processes	T039	C0031845
27558728	299	314	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27558728	319	338	synaptic plasticity	T042	C0027880
27558728	365	368	DCV	T026	C0887944
27558728	400	405	cargo	UnknownType	C1456849
27558728	427	450	fluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
27558728	455	475	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27558728	489	501	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27558728	502	507	model	T075	C0026339
27558728	515	539	subcellular organization	T043	C1155939
27558728	543	547	DCVs	T026	C0887944
27558728	551	562	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27558728	563	570	neurons	T025	C0027882
27558728	594	600	active	T169	C0205177
27558728	678	688	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27558728	700	710	organelles	T026	C0029219
27558728	715	727	synaptically	T030	C0039062
27558728	738	760	Variance-to-mean ratio	T081	C0456603
27558728	762	784	frequency distribution	T081	C0237580
27558728	790	813	Moran's autocorrelation	T062	C0814927
27558728	814	822	analyses	T062	C0936012
27558728	835	838	DCV	T026	C0887944
27558728	858	864	shafts	T082	C0337141
27558728	877	885	synapses	T030	C0039062
27558728	895	913	Poisson statistics	T081	C0032347
27558728	933	947	stochastically	T080	C0439605
27558728	957	969	organization	T043	C1155939
27558728	979	984	cargo	UnknownType	C1456849
27558728	1008	1015	boutons	T026	C0206181
27558728	1039	1052	extrasynaptic	T026	C4236610
27558728	1053	1065	axonal sites	T026	C0004461
27558728	1122	1133	presynaptic	T026	C1325748
27558728	1157	1167	stochastic	T080	C0439605
27558728	1168	1180	organization	T043	C1155939
27558728	1238	1250	synaptically	T030	C0039062
27558728	1255	1272	extrasynaptically	T026	C4236610
27558728	1283	1287	DCVs	T026	C0887944
27558728	1289	1300	Presynaptic	T026	C1325748
27558728	1372	1383	presynaptic	T026	C1325748
27558728	1384	1389	sites	T082	C0205145
27558728	1395	1404	depletion	T169	C0333668
27558728	1408	1411	DCV	T026	C0887944
27558728	1412	1417	cargo	UnknownType	C1456849
27558728	1425	1432	results	T033	C0683954
27558728	1475	1478	DCV	T026	C0887944
27558728	1479	1491	organization	T043	C1155939
27558728	1496	1506	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27558728	1510	1515	cargo	UnknownType	C1456849
27558728	1603	1611	synaptic	T030	C0039062
27558728	1612	1624	organization	T043	C1155939

27558793|t|Highly fluorescent gold nanoclusters stabilized by food proteins: From preparation to application in detection of food contaminants and bioactive nutrients
27558793|a|Applications of nanotechnology in food have rapidly increased in the past decades. Ultra-small gold nanoclusters (Au NCs), composed of several to roughly a hundred atoms, represent a kind of novel nanomaterials. The Au NCs directed by food proteins have drawn considerable research attention due to their environmentally friendly preparation, strong fluorescence, excellent photo-stability and favorable biocompatibility. These interesting protein-Au hybrids have opened up a new area at the nano-bio-food interface, not only did they provide the missing link between single metal atoms and plasmonic metal nanoparticles, but also developed the hybrid system between biomacromolecule and inorganic ions. In this review, we highlighted the synthesis strategies and optical properties of the Au NCs stabilized by typical food proteins as well as their applications in detection of food contaminants or bioactive nutrients. In addition, we discussed current challenges and future development in food proteins directed gold nanoclusters for size-controlled synthesis and multifunctional applications.
27558793	7	18	fluorescent	T070	C0016315
27558793	19	23	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27558793	24	36	nanoclusters	T073	C1721060
27558793	51	64	food proteins	T116	C0012177
27558793	101	110	detection	T061	C1511790
27558793	114	118	food	T168	C0016452
27558793	119	131	contaminants	T167	C2827365
27558793	136	155	bioactive nutrients	T167	C3714412
27558793	172	186	nanotechnology	T090	C0872323
27558793	190	194	food	T168	C0016452
27558793	239	268	Ultra-small gold nanoclusters	T073	C1721060
27558793	270	276	Au NCs	T073	C1721060
27558793	353	366	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
27558793	372	378	Au NCs	T073	C1721060
27558793	391	404	food proteins	T116	C0012177
27558793	461	497	environmentally friendly preparation	T057	C2350565
27558793	506	518	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27558793	530	545	photo-stability	T080	C0205556
27558793	560	576	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
27558793	596	614	protein-Au hybrids	T073	C1721059
27558793	648	671	nano-bio-food interface	T093	C1708333
27558793	724	742	single metal atoms	T196	C0567415
27558793	747	756	plasmonic	T062	C2603343
27558793	757	776	metal nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27558793	801	814	hybrid system	T122	C1881073
27558793	823	839	biomacromolecule	T167	C1179809
27558793	844	853	inorganic	T077	C1881215
27558793	854	858	ions	T196	C0022023
27558793	895	904	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27558793	920	938	optical properties	T080	C0871161
27558793	946	952	Au NCs	T073	C1721060
27558793	975	988	food proteins	T116	C0012177
27558793	1022	1031	detection	T061	C1511790
27558793	1035	1039	food	T168	C0016452
27558793	1040	1052	contaminants	T167	C2827365
27558793	1056	1075	bioactive nutrients	T167	C3714412
27558793	1148	1161	food proteins	T116	C0012177
27558793	1171	1188	gold nanoclusters	T073	C1721060
27558793	1209	1218	synthesis	T052	C1883254

27559131|t|C9orf72 binds SMCR8, localizes to lysosomes, and regulates mTORC1 signaling
27559131|a|Hexanucleotide expansion in an intron of the C9orf72 gene causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. However, beyond bioinformatics predictions that suggested structural similarity to folliculin, the Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome tumor suppressor, little is known about the normal functions of the C9orf72 protein. To address this problem, we used genome-editing strategies to investigate C9orf72 interactions, subcellular localization, and knockout (KO) phenotypes. We found that C9orf72 robustly interacts with SMCR8 (a protein of previously unknown function). We also observed that C9orf72 localizes to lysosomes and that such localization is negatively regulated by amino acid availability. Analysis of C9orf72 KO, SMCR8 KO, and double-KO cell lines revealed phenotypes that are consistent with a function for C9orf72 at lysosomes. These include abnormally swollen lysosomes in the absence of C9orf72 and impaired responses of mTORC1 signaling to changes in amino acid availability (a lysosome - dependent process) after depletion of either C9orf72 or SMCR8. Collectively these results identify strong physical and functional interactions between C9orf72 and SMCR8 and support a lysosomal site of action for this protein complex.
27559131	0	7	C9orf72	T116,T123	C3252868
27559131	14	19	SMCR8	T116,T123	C0033684
27559131	21	30	localizes	T082	C0392752
27559131	34	43	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
27559131	49	58	regulates	T038	C1327622
27559131	59	65	mTORC1	T116,T123	C2975458
27559131	66	75	signaling	T038	C3537152
27559131	76	90	Hexanucleotide	T114	C0028630
27559131	91	100	expansion	T082	C0205229
27559131	107	113	intron	T114,T123	C0021920
27559131	121	133	C9orf72 gene	T028	C1428691
27559131	141	170	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	T047	C0002736
27559131	175	198	frontotemporal dementia	T047	C0338451
27559131	216	230	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
27559131	231	242	predictions	T078	C0681842
27559131	258	268	structural	T082	C0678594
27559131	269	279	similarity	T080	C2348205
27559131	283	293	folliculin	T109,T121,T125	C0700903
27559131	299	322	Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome	T047	C0346010
27559131	323	339	tumor suppressor	T044	C1519692
27559131	367	383	normal functions	T169	C0542341
27559131	391	406	C9orf72 protein	T116,T123	C3252868
27559131	424	431	problem	T033	C0033213
27559131	441	455	genome-editing	T063	C4279981
27559131	456	466	strategies	T041	C0679199
27559131	470	481	investigate	T169	C1292732
27559131	482	489	C9orf72	T116,T123	C3252868
27559131	490	502	interactions	T044	C0872079
27559131	504	528	subcellular localization	T026	C1258076
27559131	534	542	knockout	T050	C1522225
27559131	544	546	KO	T050	C1522225
27559131	548	558	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27559131	574	581	C9orf72	T116,T123	C3252868
27559131	582	590	robustly	T080	C2986815
27559131	591	600	interacts	T044	C0872079
27559131	606	611	SMCR8	T116,T123	C0033684
27559131	615	622	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27559131	637	644	unknown	T080	C0439673
27559131	645	653	function	T044	C1527118
27559131	664	672	observed	T169	C1441672
27559131	678	685	C9orf72	T116,T123	C3252868
27559131	686	695	localizes	T082	C0392752
27559131	699	708	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
27559131	723	735	localization	T169	C0475264
27559131	739	759	negatively regulated	T044	C0013081
27559131	763	773	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27559131	774	786	availability	T169	C0470187
27559131	788	796	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27559131	800	807	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
27559131	808	810	KO	T050	C1522225
27559131	812	817	SMCR8	T028	C1425178
27559131	818	821	KO,	T050	C1522225
27559131	826	835	double-KO	T050	C1522225
27559131	836	846	cell lines	T025	C0007600
27559131	847	855	revealed	T080	C0443289
27559131	856	866	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27559131	876	891	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27559131	894	902	function	T043	C0007613
27559131	907	914	C9orf72	T116,T123	C3252868
27559131	918	927	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
27559131	943	953	abnormally	T033	C0205161
27559131	954	961	swollen	T033	C0038999
27559131	962	971	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
27559131	979	986	absence	T190	C1689985
27559131	990	997	C9orf72	T116,T123	C3252868
27559131	1002	1010	impaired	T169	C0221099
27559131	1011	1020	responses	T044	C1148560
27559131	1024	1030	mTORC1	T116,T123	C2975458
27559131	1031	1040	signaling	T038	C3537152
27559131	1055	1065	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27559131	1066	1078	availability	T169	C0470187
27559131	1082	1090	lysosome	T026	C0024369
27559131	1093	1102	dependent	T080	C1701901
27559131	1103	1110	process	T067	C1522240
27559131	1118	1127	depletion	T169	C0333668
27559131	1138	1145	C9orf72	T116,T123	C3252868
27559131	1149	1154	SMCR8	T116,T123	C0033684
27559131	1156	1168	Collectively	T080	C1883357
27559131	1175	1182	results	T169	C1274040
27559131	1183	1191	identify	T080	C0205396
27559131	1192	1198	strong	T080	C0442821
27559131	1199	1207	physical	T169	C0205485
27559131	1212	1222	functional	T169	C0205245
27559131	1223	1235	interactions	T044	C0872079
27559131	1244	1251	C9orf72	T116,T123	C3252868
27559131	1256	1261	SMCR8	T116,T123	C0033684
27559131	1266	1273	support	T077	C1521721
27559131	1276	1285	lysosomal	T026	C0024369
27559131	1286	1290	site	T082	C0205145
27559131	1294	1300	action	T052	C3266814
27559131	1310	1325	protein complex	T116,T123	C1180347

27559330|t|Narcolepsy Following Yellow Fever Vaccination: A Case Report
27559330|a|Narcolepsy with cataplexy is a rare, but important differential diagnosis for daytime sleepiness and atonic paroxysms in an adolescent. A recent increase in incidence in the pediatric age group probably linked to the use of the Pandemrix influenza vaccine in 2009, has increased awareness that different environmental factors can "trigger" narcolepsy with cataplexy in a genetically susceptible population. Here, we describe the case of a 13-year-old boy with narcolepsy following yellow fever vaccination. He carries the HLA DQB1*0602 haplotype strongly associated with narcolepsy and cataplexy. Polysomnography showed rapid sleep onset with rapid eye movement (REM) latency of 47 min, significant sleep fragmentation and a mean sleep latency of 1.6 min with sleep onset REM in four out of four nap periods. Together with the clinical history, these findings are diagnostic of narcolepsy type 1. The envelope protein E of the yellow fever vaccine strain 17D has significant amino acid sequence overlap with both hypocretin and the hypocretin receptor 2 receptors in protein regions that are predicted to act as epitopes for antibody production. These findings raise the question whether the yellow fever vaccine strain may, through a potential molecular mimicry mechanism, be another infectious trigger for this neuro-immunological disorder.
27559330	0	10	Narcolepsy	T047	C0027404
27559330	21	45	Yellow Fever Vaccination	T061	C0199823
27559330	49	60	Case Report	T170	C0085973
27559330	61	71	Narcolepsy	T047	C0027404
27559330	77	86	cataplexy	T047	C0007384
27559330	112	134	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27559330	139	157	daytime sleepiness	T033	C0541854
27559330	162	168	atonic	T184	C0427202
27559330	169	178	paroxysms	T033	C1385316
27559330	185	195	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27559330	206	214	increase	T169	C0442805
27559330	218	227	incidence	T081	C0021149
27559330	235	244	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27559330	245	254	age group	T100	C0027362
27559330	289	298	Pandemrix	T121,T129	C2981837
27559330	299	316	influenza vaccine	T121,T129	C0021403
27559330	330	339	increased	T081	C0205217
27559330	340	349	awareness	T041	C0004448
27559330	365	386	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
27559330	401	411	narcolepsy	T047	C0027404
27559330	417	426	cataplexy	T047	C0007384
27559330	432	455	genetically susceptible	T032	C0220898
27559330	456	466	population	T098	C1257890
27559330	512	515	boy	T100	C0870221
27559330	521	531	narcolepsy	T047	C0027404
27559330	542	566	yellow fever vaccination	T061	C0199823
27559330	583	596	HLA DQB1*0602	T116,T129	C1721287
27559330	597	606	haplotype	T032	C0018591
27559330	616	631	associated with	T080	C0332281
27559330	632	642	narcolepsy	T047	C0027404
27559330	647	656	cataplexy	T047	C0007384
27559330	658	673	Polysomnography	T060	C0162701
27559330	681	686	rapid	T080	C0456962
27559330	687	698	sleep onset	T039	C0871908
27559330	704	722	rapid eye movement	T042	C0034673
27559330	724	727	REM	T042	C0034673
27559330	729	736	latency	T079	C1254367
27559330	748	759	significant	T078	C0750502
27559330	760	779	sleep fragmentation	T046	C0751507
27559330	786	790	mean	T081	C0444504
27559330	791	804	sleep latency	T079	C1254367
27559330	821	832	sleep onset	T039	C0871908
27559330	833	836	REM	T042	C0034673
27559330	857	860	nap	T039	C0870935
27559330	861	868	periods	T079	C1948053
27559330	912	920	findings	T033	C0243095
27559330	925	935	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27559330	939	956	narcolepsy type 1	T047	C1834372
27559330	962	1019	envelope protein E of the yellow fever vaccine strain 17D	T116	C0379784
27559330	1024	1035	significant	T078	C0750502
27559330	1036	1055	amino acid sequence	T087	C0002518
27559330	1056	1063	overlap	T079	C1948020
27559330	1074	1084	hypocretin	T116,T123	C1113688
27559330	1093	1124	hypocretin receptor 2 receptors	T116,T192	C0671880
27559330	1128	1143	protein regions	T087	C1514562
27559330	1173	1181	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27559330	1186	1205	antibody production	T038	C0003261
27559330	1213	1221	findings	T033	C0243095
27559330	1232	1240	question	T170	C1522634
27559330	1253	1280	yellow fever vaccine strain	T116,T121,T129	C2356374
27559330	1296	1305	potential	T080	C3245505
27559330	1306	1323	molecular mimicry	T044	C0242943
27559330	1324	1333	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27559330	1346	1364	infectious trigger	T201	C0032930
27559330	1374	1393	neuro-immunological	T040	C0598946
27559330	1394	1402	disorder	T047	C0012634

27559734|t|Plasticity and Adult Neurogenesis in Amphibians and Reptiles: More Questions than Answers
27559734|a|Studies of the relationship between behavioral plasticity and new cells in the adult brain in amphibians and reptiles are sparse but demonstrate that environmental and hormonal variables do have an effect on the amount of cell proliferation and/or migration. The variables that are reviewed here are: enriched environment, social stimulation, spatial area use, season, photoperiod and temperature, and testosterone. Fewer data are available for amphibians than for reptiles, but for both groups many issues are still to be resolved. It is to be hoped that the questions raised here will generate more answers in future studies.
27559734	0	10	Plasticity	T070	C0678558
27559734	15	20	Adult	T100	C0001675
27559734	21	33	Neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
27559734	37	47	Amphibians	T011	C0002668
27559734	52	60	Reptiles	T014	C0035161
27559734	126	136	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27559734	137	147	plasticity	T070	C0678558
27559734	156	161	cells	T025	C0007634
27559734	169	174	adult	T100	C0001675
27559734	175	180	brain	T023	C0006104
27559734	184	194	amphibians	T011	C0002668
27559734	199	207	reptiles	T014	C0035161
27559734	240	253	environmental	T082	C0014406
27559734	258	266	hormonal	T080	C0458083
27559734	267	276	variables	T080	C0439828
27559734	302	308	amount	T081	C1265611
27559734	312	330	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27559734	338	347	migration	T043	C1622501
27559734	353	362	variables	T080	C0439828
27559734	400	411	environment	T082	C0014406
27559734	413	431	social stimulation	T070	C1948023
27559734	433	445	spatial area	T082	C1254362
27559734	451	457	season	T079	C0036497
27559734	459	470	photoperiod	T079	C0162811
27559734	475	486	temperature	T081	C0039476
27559734	492	504	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27559734	512	516	data	T078	C1511726
27559734	535	545	amphibians	T011	C0002668
27559734	555	563	reptiles	T014	C0035161
27559734	613	621	resolved	T033	C3714811
27559734	650	659	questions	T078	C0681799
27559734	691	698	answers	T033	C1826996
27559734	709	717	studies.	T062	C2603343

27560368|t|The Role of Global and Local Visual Information during Gaze - Cued Orienting of Attention
27560368|a|Gaze direction is an important social communication tool. Global and local visual information are known to play specific roles in processing socially relevant information from a face. The current study investigated whether global visual information has a primary role during gaze - cued orienting of attention and, as such, may influence quality of interaction. Adults performed a gaze - cueing task in which a centrally presented face cued (valid or invalid) the location of a peripheral target through a gaze shift. We measured brain activity (electroencephalography) towards the cue and target and behavioral responses (manual and saccadic reaction times) towards the target. The faces contained global (i.e. lower spatial frequencies), local (i.e. higher spatial frequencies), or a selection of both global and local (i.e. mid-band spatial frequencies) visual information. We found a gaze cue - validity effect (i.e. valid versus invalid), but no interaction effects with spatial frequency content. Furthermore, behavioral responses towards the target were in all cue conditions slower when lower spatial frequencies were not present in the gaze cue. These results suggest that whereas gaze - cued orienting of attention can be driven by both global and local visual information, global visual information determines the speed of behavioral responses towards other entities appearing in the surrounding of gaze cue stimuli.
27560368	12	18	Global	T082	C0205246
27560368	23	28	Local	T082	C0205276
27560368	29	35	Visual	T169	C0234621
27560368	36	47	Information	T078	C1533716
27560368	55	59	Gaze	T033	C0553544
27560368	62	66	Cued	T078	C0010439
27560368	80	89	Attention	T041	C0004268
27560368	90	104	Gaze direction	T080	C1455770
27560368	111	120	important	T080	C3898777
27560368	121	141	social communication	T033	C0037420
27560368	148	154	Global	T082	C0205246
27560368	159	164	local	T082	C0205276
27560368	165	171	visual	T169	C0234621
27560368	172	183	information	T078	C1533716
27560368	220	230	processing	T052	C1709694
27560368	231	239	socially	T169	C0728831
27560368	240	248	relevant	T080	C2347946
27560368	249	260	information	T078	C1533716
27560368	268	272	face	T029	C0015450
27560368	286	291	study	T062	C2603343
27560368	292	304	investigated	T169	C1292732
27560368	313	319	global	T082	C0205246
27560368	320	326	visual	T169	C0234621
27560368	327	338	information	T078	C1533716
27560368	365	369	gaze	T033	C0553544
27560368	372	376	cued	T078	C0010439
27560368	390	399	attention	T041	C0004268
27560368	418	427	influence	T077	C4054723
27560368	428	435	quality	T080	C0332306
27560368	439	450	interaction	T169	C1704675
27560368	452	458	Adults	T100	C0001675
27560368	459	468	performed	T169	C0884358
27560368	471	475	gaze	T033	C0553544
27560368	478	484	cueing	T078	C0010439
27560368	511	520	presented	T033	C0150312
27560368	521	525	face	T029	C0015450
27560368	526	530	cued	T078	C0010439
27560368	532	537	valid	T080	C2349099
27560368	541	548	invalid	T080	C3245471
27560368	554	562	location	T082	C0450429
27560368	568	578	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27560368	579	585	target	T169	C1521840
27560368	596	600	gaze	T033	C0553544
27560368	611	619	measured	T080	C0444706
27560368	620	634	brain activity	T039	C0443158
27560368	636	658	electroencephalography	T060	C0013819
27560368	672	675	cue	T078	C0010439
27560368	680	686	target	T169	C1521840
27560368	691	711	behavioral responses	T053	C0004927
27560368	713	719	manual	T169	C0175674
27560368	724	732	saccadic	T042	C0036019
27560368	733	747	reaction times	T079	C0034746
27560368	761	767	target	T169	C1521840
27560368	773	778	faces	T029	C0015450
27560368	779	788	contained	T169	C0332256
27560368	789	795	global	T082	C0205246
27560368	802	807	lower	T080	C0205251
27560368	808	827	spatial frequencies	T081	C0871396
27560368	830	835	local	T082	C0205276
27560368	842	848	higher	T080	C0205250
27560368	849	868	spatial frequencies	T081	C0871396
27560368	876	885	selection	T052	C1707391
27560368	894	900	global	T082	C0205246
27560368	905	910	local	T082	C0205276
27560368	926	945	spatial frequencies	T081	C0871396
27560368	947	953	visual	T169	C0234621
27560368	954	965	information	T078	C1533716
27560368	978	982	gaze	T033	C0553544
27560368	983	986	cue	T078	C0010439
27560368	989	997	validity	T081	C2349101
27560368	998	1004	effect	T080	C1280500
27560368	1011	1016	valid	T080	C2349099
27560368	1024	1031	invalid	T080	C3245471
27560368	1041	1052	interaction	T169	C1704675
27560368	1053	1060	effects	T080	C1280500
27560368	1066	1083	spatial frequency	T081	C0871396
27560368	1084	1091	content	T081	C1264655
27560368	1106	1126	behavioral responses	T053	C0004927
27560368	1139	1145	target	T169	C1521840
27560368	1158	1161	cue	T078	C0010439
27560368	1191	1210	spatial frequencies	T081	C0871396
27560368	1235	1239	gaze	T033	C0553544
27560368	1240	1243	cue	T078	C0010439
27560368	1251	1258	results	T169	C1274040
27560368	1280	1284	gaze	T033	C0553544
27560368	1287	1291	cued	T078	C0010439
27560368	1305	1314	attention	T041	C0004268
27560368	1337	1343	global	T082	C0205246
27560368	1348	1353	local	T082	C0205276
27560368	1354	1360	visual	T169	C0234621
27560368	1361	1372	information	T078	C1533716
27560368	1374	1380	global	T082	C0205246
27560368	1381	1387	visual	T169	C0234621
27560368	1388	1399	information	T078	C1533716
27560368	1415	1420	speed	T079	C0237890
27560368	1424	1444	behavioral responses	T053	C0004927
27560368	1459	1467	entities	T071	C1551338
27560368	1485	1496	surrounding	T082	C1282914
27560368	1500	1504	gaze	T033	C0553544
27560368	1505	1508	cue	T078	C0010439
27560368	1509	1516	stimuli	T067	C0234402

27560647|t|Dietary Intake and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Icelanders Following Voluntarily a Low Carbohydrate Diet
27560647|a|Most studies regarding low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) have been intervention studies. The aim of the current study was to investigate dietary intake and cardiovascular risk factors among individuals who voluntarily follow a LCD. A cross-sectional study was conducted (N = 54, 20-66yrs) in Reykjavik, Iceland. Participants recorded food intake for three days. Blood samples were analyzed for cardiovascular risk factors. Nearly half of the participants were obese and around 60% had been on a LCD for ≥ 6 months. Fifty percent claimed they had lost weight during the past month. The median intake of carbohydrate, protein and fat were 8%, 22% and 68% E (hereof 25% saturated fatty acids), respectively. The consumption of bread and wholegrain cereals was very low (<5g/day), including the intake of dietary fiber (11g/day). Median fruit intake was 12 g/day. Intake of red meat and meat products was double that of the general population or ~900 g/ week. Median intake of vitamins and minerals were mostly higher than the estimated average requirements. Cardiovascular risk factors were mostly within normal range. Mean blood lipids were slightly elevated although the high density lipoprotein / total cholesterol ratio was normal. Despite poor diet quality and high prevalence of obesity, individuals who voluntarily follow a LCD have cardiovascular risk factors mostly within reference range. These individuals consume very low amounts of carbohydrates and high amounts of fat and saturated fat acids. Intake of red meat and processed meat exceeds recommended intake. Very low intake of whole grain cereals and fruits results in low intake of fiber. Long term health implications need to be examined further in longitudinal studies.
27560647	0	14	Dietary Intake	T040	C1286104
27560647	19	46	Cardiovascular Risk Factors	T047	C0850624
27560647	50	60	Icelanders	T098	C0337808
27560647	85	106	Low Carbohydrate Diet	T061	C0259836
27560647	112	119	studies	T062	C2603343
27560647	130	152	low-carbohydrate diets	T061	C0259836
27560647	154	158	LCDs	T061	C0259836
27560647	170	190	intervention studies	T170	C1096775
27560647	215	220	study	T062	C2603343
27560647	240	254	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
27560647	259	286	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
27560647	293	304	individuals	T098	C0237401
27560647	330	333	LCD	T061	C0259836
27560647	337	358	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27560647	395	404	Reykjavik	T083	C0008848
27560647	406	413	Iceland	T083	C0020750
27560647	415	427	Participants	T098	C0679646
27560647	437	448	food intake	T040	C0013470
27560647	459	463	days	T079	C0439228
27560647	465	478	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
27560647	497	524	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
27560647	545	557	participants	T098	C0679646
27560647	563	568	obese	T047	C0028754
27560647	598	601	LCD	T061	C0259836
27560647	610	616	months	T079	C0439231
27560647	649	660	lost weight	T033	C1262477
27560647	677	682	month	T079	C0439231
27560647	688	694	median	T081	C0439536
27560647	695	701	intake	T169	C1512806
27560647	705	717	carbohydrate	T109	C0012170
27560647	719	726	protein	T116	C0012177
27560647	731	734	fat	T109,T168	C0012171
27560647	770	791	saturated fatty acids	T168	C0597423
27560647	827	832	bread	T168	C0006138
27560647	837	855	wholegrain cereals	T168	C0007757
27560647	860	868	very low	T033	C0442811
27560647	894	917	intake of dietary fiber	T033	C0474451
27560647	929	935	Median	T081	C0439536
27560647	936	948	fruit intake	T033	C0556227
27560647	963	969	Intake	T169	C1512806
27560647	973	981	red meat	T168	C0452848
27560647	986	999	meat products	T168	C0025018
27560647	1023	1041	general population	T098	C0683971
27560647	1053	1057	week	T079	C0439230
27560647	1059	1065	Median	T081	C0439536
27560647	1066	1072	intake	T169	C1512806
27560647	1076	1084	vitamins	T109,T121,T127	C0042890
27560647	1089	1097	minerals	T197	C0026162
27560647	1136	1143	average	T081	C1510992
27560647	1144	1156	requirements	T169	C1514873
27560647	1158	1185	Cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
27560647	1205	1217	normal range	T081	C0086715
27560647	1224	1236	blood lipids	T109	C0596192
27560647	1273	1297	high density lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023821
27560647	1300	1323	total cholesterol ratio	T034	C0428619
27560647	1344	1361	poor diet quality	T033	C0243095
27560647	1366	1381	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
27560647	1385	1392	obesity	T047	C0028754
27560647	1394	1405	individuals	T098	C0237401
27560647	1431	1434	LCD	T061	C0259836
27560647	1440	1467	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
27560647	1475	1497	within reference range	T080	C0460094
27560647	1505	1516	individuals	T098	C0237401
27560647	1545	1558	carbohydrates	T109	C0012170
27560647	1579	1582	fat	T109,T168	C0012171
27560647	1587	1606	saturated fat acids	T168	C0597423
27560647	1608	1614	Intake	T169	C1512806
27560647	1618	1626	red meat	T168	C0452848
27560647	1631	1645	processed meat	T168	C0452956
27560647	1654	1672	recommended intake	T077	C2348847
27560647	1674	1689	Very low intake	T033	C0231353
27560647	1693	1712	whole grain cereals	T168	C0007757
27560647	1717	1723	fruits	T168	C0016767
27560647	1735	1745	low intake	T033	C0231353
27560647	1749	1754	fiber	T168	C0012173
27560647	1766	1772	health	T078	C0018684
27560647	1817	1837	longitudinal studies	T062	C0023981

27561345|t|Teriparatide: benefit and safety for bone disease in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis
27561345|a|Teriparatide, 1-34 parathyroid hormone, is one of effective treatments for osteoporosis. Teriparatide shows an anabolic effect for bone formation, as a result, increases bone mineral density as well as prevention of fractures in the general population. On the other hand, there are a few report about the effect of teriparatide on increase of bone mineral density in maintenance hemodialysis patients. In addition to CKD-MBD, osteoporosis is also an important pathological change in ESRD patients, therefore its safety and efficacy should be discussed in more detail.
27561345	0	12	Teriparatide	T116,T121,T125	C0070093
27561345	14	21	benefit	T081	C0814225
27561345	26	32	safety	T080	C0205556
27561345	37	49	bone disease	T047	C0005940
27561345	53	56	CKD	T047	C1561643
27561345	57	65	patients	T101	C0030705
27561345	77	89	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27561345	90	102	Teriparatide	T116,T121,T125	C0070093
27561345	104	128	1-34 parathyroid hormone	T116,T123	C1956225
27561345	150	160	treatments	T061	C0087111
27561345	165	177	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
27561345	179	191	Teriparatide	T116,T121,T125	C0070093
27561345	201	216	anabolic effect	T039	C3179309
27561345	221	235	bone formation	T042	C0029433
27561345	250	259	increases	T169	C0442805
27561345	260	280	bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
27561345	292	302	prevention	T080	C2700409
27561345	306	315	fractures	T037	C0016658
27561345	331	341	population	T098	C1257890
27561345	395	404	effect of	T080	C1704420
27561345	405	417	teriparatide	T116,T121,T125	C0070093
27561345	421	429	increase	T169	C0442805
27561345	433	453	bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
27561345	457	468	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27561345	469	481	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27561345	482	490	patients	T101	C0030705
27561345	507	514	CKD-MBD	T047	C4076240
27561345	516	528	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
27561345	550	562	pathological	T091	C0030664
27561345	563	569	change	T169	C0392747
27561345	573	577	ESRD	T047	C0022661
27561345	578	586	patients	T101	C0030705
27561345	602	608	safety	T062	C1705187
27561345	613	621	efficacy	T062	C1707887

27562025|t|Sub-lethal effects of dietary neonicotinoid insecticide exposure on honey bee queen fecundity and colony development
27562025|a|Many factors can negatively affect honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) health including the pervasive use of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides. Through direct consumption of contaminated nectar and pollen from treated plants, neonicotinoids can affect foraging, learning, and memory in worker bees. Less well studied are the potential effects of neonicotinoids on queen bees, which may be exposed indirectly through trophallaxis, or food - sharing. To assess effects on queen productivity, small colonies of different sizes (1500, 3000, and 7000 bees) were fed imidacloprid (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 ppb) in syrup for three weeks. We found adverse effects of imidacloprid on queens (egg-laying and locomotor activity), worker bees (foraging and hygienic activities), and colony development (brood production and pollen stores) in all treated colonies. Some effects were less evident as colony size increased, suggesting that larger colony populations may act as a buffer to pesticide exposure. This study is the first to show adverse effects of imidacloprid on queen bee fecundity and behavior and improves our understanding of how neonicotinoids may impair short-term colony functioning. These data indicate that risk-mitigation efforts should focus on reducing neonicotinoid exposure in the early spring when colonies are smallest and queens are most vulnerable to exposure.
27562025	0	18	Sub-lethal effects	T033	C3151529
27562025	22	29	dietary	T168	C0012155
27562025	30	55	neonicotinoid insecticide	T131	C1997222
27562025	56	64	exposure	T080	C0332157
27562025	68	83	honey bee queen	T204	C0323351
27562025	84	93	fecundity	T040	C0015895
27562025	98	104	colony	T025	C1947989
27562025	105	116	development	T039	C0243107
27562025	122	129	factors	T169	C1521761
27562025	134	144	negatively	T033	C0205160
27562025	152	161	honey bee	T204	C0323351
27562025	163	180	Apis mellifera L.	T204	C0323351
27562025	182	188	health	T078	C0018684
27562025	203	212	pervasive	T082	C0205391
27562025	220	228	systemic	T169	C0205373
27562025	229	255	neonicotinoid insecticides	T131	C1997222
27562025	272	283	consumption	T039	C1947907
27562025	287	299	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27562025	300	306	nectar	T123	C2717960
27562025	311	317	pollen	T002	C0032385
27562025	323	330	treated	T169	C1522326
27562025	331	337	plants	T002	C0032098
27562025	339	353	neonicotinoids	T131	C1997222
27562025	365	373	foraging	T055	C2752984
27562025	375	383	learning	T041	C0023185
27562025	389	395	memory	T041	C0025260
27562025	399	410	worker bees	T204	C0004923
27562025	459	473	neonicotinoids	T131	C1997222
27562025	477	487	queen bees	T204	C0004923
27562025	529	541	trophallaxis	T054	C0237876
27562025	546	550	food	T168	C0016452
27562025	553	560	sharing	T054	C0237876
27562025	565	571	assess	T058	C0184514
27562025	583	588	queen	T204	C0004923
27562025	589	601	productivity	T081	C0033269
27562025	603	608	small	T081	C0700321
27562025	609	617	colonies	T025	C1947989
27562025	631	636	sizes	T082	C0456389
27562025	659	663	bees	T204	C0004923
27562025	670	673	fed	T052	C2987508
27562025	674	686	imidacloprid	T109,T131	C0218499
27562025	719	724	syrup	T168	C0458173
27562025	735	740	weeks	T079	C0439230
27562025	751	766	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27562025	770	782	imidacloprid	T109,T131	C0218499
27562025	786	792	queens	T204	C0004923
27562025	794	804	egg-laying	T040	C1622979
27562025	809	827	locomotor activity	T040	C0023946
27562025	830	841	worker bees	T204	C0004923
27562025	843	851	foraging	T055	C2752984
27562025	856	864	hygienic	T091	C0020405
27562025	865	875	activities	T052	C0441655
27562025	882	888	colony	T025	C1947989
27562025	889	900	development	T040	C0678723
27562025	902	907	brood	T204	C0004923
27562025	923	929	pollen	T002	C0032385
27562025	945	952	treated	T169	C1522326
27562025	953	961	colonies	T025	C1947989
27562025	981	985	less	T080	C0547044
27562025	997	1003	colony	T025	C1947989
27562025	1004	1008	size	T082	C0456389
27562025	1009	1018	increased	T081	C0205217
27562025	1036	1042	larger	T081	C1704243
27562025	1043	1049	colony	T025	C1947989
27562025	1050	1061	populations	T098	C1257890
27562025	1085	1103	pesticide exposure	T033	C2220281
27562025	1110	1115	study	T062	C2603343
27562025	1137	1152	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27562025	1156	1168	imidacloprid	T109,T131	C0218499
27562025	1172	1181	queen bee	T204	C0004923
27562025	1182	1191	fecundity	T040	C0015895
27562025	1196	1204	behavior	T053	C0004927
27562025	1209	1217	improves	T080	C1272747
27562025	1222	1235	understanding	T041	C0162340
27562025	1243	1257	neonicotinoids	T131	C1997222
27562025	1262	1268	impair	T169	C0221099
27562025	1280	1286	colony	T025	C1947989
27562025	1287	1298	functioning	T169	C0205245
27562025	1306	1310	data	T078	C1511726
27562025	1325	1348	risk-mitigation efforts	T170	C4296788
27562025	1365	1373	reducing	T080	C0392756
27562025	1374	1387	neonicotinoid	T131	C1997222
27562025	1388	1396	exposure	T080	C0332157
27562025	1404	1416	early spring	T079	C0241232
27562025	1422	1430	colonies	T025	C1947989
27562025	1435	1443	smallest	T081	C0700321
27562025	1448	1454	queens	T204	C0004923
27562025	1464	1474	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
27562025	1478	1486	exposure	T080	C0332157

27562210|t|Polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers prevent hepatitis C virus infection in cell culture
27562210|a|Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major biomedical problem worldwide. Although new direct antiviral agents (DAAs) have been developed for the treatment of chronic HCV infection, the potential emergence of resistant virus variants and the difficulties to implement their administration worldwide make the development of novel antiviral agents an urgent need. Moreover, no effective vaccine is available against HCV and transmission of the virus still occurs particularly when prophylactic measures are not taken. We used a cell-based system to screen a battery of polyanionic carbosilane dendrimers (PCDs) to identify compounds with antiviral activity against HCV and show that they inhibit effective virus adsorption of major HCV genotypes. Interestingly, one of the PCDs irreversibly destabilized infectious virions. This compound displays additive effect in combination with a clinically relevant DAA, sofosbuvir. Our results support further characterization of these molecules as nanotools for the control of hepatitis C virus spread.
27562210	0	23	Polyanionic carbosilane	T109	C1610990
27562210	24	34	dendrimers	T104,T122	C1563732
27562210	43	70	hepatitis C virus infection	T047	C4288963
27562210	74	86	cell culture	T059	C0007585
27562210	87	120	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection	T047	C4288963
27562210	132	142	biomedical	T091	C1879848
27562210	143	150	problem	T033	C0033213
27562210	175	198	direct antiviral agents	T121	C3653501
27562210	200	204	DAAs	T121	C3653501
27562210	234	243	treatment	T061	C0087111
27562210	247	254	chronic	T079	C0205191
27562210	255	268	HCV infection	T047	C4288963
27562210	297	312	resistant virus	T005	C1444092
27562210	313	321	variants	T080	C0205419
27562210	417	433	antiviral agents	T121	C0003451
27562210	473	480	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27562210	502	505	HCV	T005	C0220847
27562210	510	522	transmission	T046	C0242781
27562210	530	535	virus	T005	C0042776
27562210	567	588	prophylactic measures	T033	C0481566
27562210	655	678	polyanionic carbosilane	T109	C1610990
27562210	679	689	dendrimers	T104,T122	C1563732
27562210	691	695	PCDs	T104,T122	C1563732
27562210	709	742	compounds with antiviral activity	T033	C0243095
27562210	751	754	HCV	T005	C0220847
27562210	792	808	virus adsorption	T038	C1721019
27562210	818	821	HCV	T005	C0220847
27562210	822	831	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27562210	859	863	PCDs	T104,T122	C1563732
27562210	901	908	virions	T026	C0042760
27562210	933	941	additive	T080	C0442796
27562210	942	948	effect	T080	C1280500
27562210	991	994	DAA	T121	C3653501
27562210	996	1006	sofosbuvir	T114,T121	C2976303
27562210	1062	1071	molecules	T167	C0567416
27562210	1104	1121	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847

27562951|t|Therapeutic applications of CRISPR RNA-guided genome editing
27562951|a|The rapid development of programmable nuclease -based genome editing technologies has enabled targeted gene disruption and correction both in vitro and in vivo This revolution opens up the possibility of precise genome editing at target genomic sites to modulate gene function in animals and plants. Among several programmable nucleases, the type II clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)- CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system has progressed remarkably in recent years, leading to its widespread use in research, medicine and biotechnology. In particular, CRISPR-Cas9 shows highly efficient gene editing activity for therapeutic purposes in systems ranging from patient stem cells to animal models. However, the development of therapeutic approaches and delivery methods remains a great challenge for biomedical applications. Herein, we review therapeutic applications that use the CRISPR-Cas9 system and discuss the possibilities and challenges ahead.
27562951	0	24	Therapeutic applications	T169	C0039798
27562951	28	34	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
27562951	35	45	RNA-guided	T114,T123	C0082774
27562951	46	60	genome editing	T063	C4279981
27562951	86	107	programmable nuclease	T116,T126	C0597094
27562951	115	129	genome editing	T063	C4279981
27562951	130	142	technologies	T090	C0039421
27562951	155	163	targeted	T169	C1521840
27562951	164	168	gene	T028	C0017337
27562951	169	179	disruption	T169	C0332453
27562951	184	194	correction	T061,T063	C1720855
27562951	200	208	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27562951	213	220	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27562951	273	287	genome editing	T063	C4279981
27562951	291	297	target	T169	C1521840
27562951	298	311	genomic sites	T082	C1880951
27562951	324	337	gene function	T045	C0314627
27562951	341	348	animals	T008	C0003062
27562951	353	359	plants	T002	C0032098
27562951	375	397	programmable nucleases	T116,T126	C0597094
27562951	403	468	type II clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats	T114	C3658200
27562951	470	476	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
27562951	479	521	CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system	T044	C3658355
27562951	598	606	research	T062	C0035168
27562951	608	616	medicine	T091	C0025118
27562951	621	634	biotechnology	T091	C0005574
27562951	651	662	CRISPR-Cas9	T044	C3658355
27562951	686	698	gene editing	T063	C4279981
27562951	712	732	therapeutic purposes	T169	C0039798
27562951	757	764	patient	T101	C0030705
27562951	765	775	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27562951	779	792	animal models	T008	C0599779
27562951	822	844	therapeutic approaches	T169	C0039798
27562951	849	865	delivery methods	T061	C0565867
27562951	896	906	biomedical	T091	C1879848
27562951	907	919	applications	T169	C0039798
27562951	939	963	therapeutic applications	T169	C0039798
27562951	977	995	CRISPR-Cas9 system	T044	C3658355

27563006|t|Anti-nociceptive roles of the glia -specific metabolic inhibitor fluorocitrate in paclitaxel - evoked neuropathic pain
27563006|a|Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a powerful chemotherapy drug used in breast cancers, but it often causes neuropathic pain, leading to the early cessation of therapy and poor treatment outcomes. Approaches for the management of paclitaxel - induced neuropathic pain are urgently needed. The involvement of spinal astrocytes in the pathogenesis of paclitaxel - induced neuropathy has been reported, but little is known about the role of fluorocitrate (FC), a selective inhibitor of astrocyte activation, during neuropathic pain related to paclitaxel treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of FC on paclitaxel - induced neuropathic pain. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was determined to assess astrocyte activation. To explore the mechanisms involved, the expression of glial glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in the spinal dorsal horn were analyzed. The results showed that paclitaxel decreased the mechanical nociceptive thresholds and increased GFAP expression, leading to spinal astrocyte activation. After paclitaxel treatment, GLT-1 was significantly down-regulated, and the phosphorylation of ERK1 / 2 and JNK were obviously up-regulated. However, paclitaxel treatment did not increase p38 phosphorylation. Additional studies showed that paclitaxel - evoked mechanical hypersensitivity was reduced by FC treatment. Moreover, FC treatment inhibited the activation of astrocytes and reversed the changes in GLT-1 expression and MAPK phosphorylation. Further study indicated that FC did not influence the antitumor effect of paclitaxel, suggesting that FC blocked paclitaxel - induced neuropathic pain without antagonizing its antitumor effect. Together, these results suggested that paclitaxel induced astrocyte-specific activation, which may contribute to mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, and that FC could be a potential therapeutic agent for paclitaxel - induced neuropathic pain.
27563006	0	22	Anti-nociceptive roles	T033	C0243095
27563006	30	34	glia	T025	C0027836
27563006	45	64	metabolic inhibitor	T044	C0021469
27563006	65	78	fluorocitrate	T109,T130	C0060559
27563006	82	92	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	95	101	evoked	T080	C1444748
27563006	102	118	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27563006	119	129	Paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	131	136	Taxol	T109,T121	C0678133
27563006	152	164	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27563006	165	169	drug	T121	C1254351
27563006	178	192	breast cancers	T191	C0678222
27563006	214	230	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27563006	253	262	cessation	T052	C1880019
27563006	266	273	therapy	T061	C0087111
27563006	283	301	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
27563006	322	332	management	T058	C0376636
27563006	336	346	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	349	356	induced	T169	C0205263
27563006	357	373	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27563006	378	386	urgently	T079	C0439609
27563006	399	410	involvement	T169	C1314939
27563006	414	420	spinal	T023	C0037925
27563006	421	431	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27563006	439	451	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27563006	455	465	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	468	475	induced	T169	C0205263
27563006	476	486	neuropathy	T047	C0442874
27563006	544	557	fluorocitrate	T109,T130	C0060559
27563006	559	561	FC	T109,T130	C0060559
27563006	576	585	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27563006	589	609	astrocyte activation	T043	C1326121
27563006	618	634	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27563006	646	656	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	657	666	treatment	T061	C0087111
27563006	676	681	study	T062	C2603343
27563006	686	698	investigated	T169	C1292732
27563006	703	710	effects	T080	C1280500
27563006	714	716	FC	T109,T130	C0060559
27563006	720	730	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	733	740	induced	T169	C0205263
27563006	741	757	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27563006	759	790	Glial fibrillary acidic protein	T116,T123	C0017626
27563006	792	796	GFAP	T116,T123	C0017626
27563006	798	808	expression	T045	C1171362
27563006	813	823	determined	T080	C0521095
27563006	827	833	assess	T058	C0184514
27563006	834	854	astrocyte activation	T043	C1326121
27563006	871	881	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27563006	882	890	involved	T169	C1314939
27563006	896	906	expression	T045	C1171362
27563006	910	915	glial	T025	C0027836
27563006	916	939	glutamate transporter 1	T116,T123	C0061467
27563006	941	946	GLT-1	T116,T123	C0061467
27563006	956	966	activation	T045	C0599177
27563006	970	1003	mitogen-activated protein kinases	T116,T126	C0752312
27563006	1011	1029	spinal dorsal horn	T023	C0228564
27563006	1035	1043	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27563006	1049	1056	results	T169	C1274040
27563006	1069	1079	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	1094	1116	mechanical nociceptive	T039	C3893396
27563006	1117	1127	thresholds	T080	C0449864
27563006	1142	1146	GFAP	T116,T123	C0017626
27563006	1147	1157	expression	T045	C1171362
27563006	1170	1176	spinal	T023	C0037925
27563006	1177	1197	astrocyte activation	T043	C1326121
27563006	1205	1215	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	1216	1225	treatment	T061	C0087111
27563006	1227	1232	GLT-1	T116,T123	C0061467
27563006	1237	1250	significantly	T078	C0750502
27563006	1251	1265	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27563006	1275	1290	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27563006	1294	1298	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
27563006	1301	1302	2	T116,T126	C0170168
27563006	1307	1310	JNK	T116,T126	C0248813
27563006	1326	1338	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27563006	1349	1359	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	1360	1369	treatment	T061	C0087111
27563006	1387	1390	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27563006	1391	1406	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27563006	1419	1426	studies	T062	C2603343
27563006	1439	1449	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	1452	1458	evoked	T080	C1444748
27563006	1459	1469	mechanical	T169	C0443254
27563006	1470	1486	hypersensitivity	T046	C0020517
27563006	1491	1498	reduced	T080	C0392756
27563006	1502	1504	FC	T109,T130	C0060559
27563006	1505	1514	treatment	T061	C0087111
27563006	1526	1528	FC	T109,T130	C0060559
27563006	1529	1538	treatment	T061	C0087111
27563006	1539	1548	inhibited	T080	C1999216
27563006	1553	1577	activation of astrocytes	T043	C1326121
27563006	1582	1590	reversed	T169	C1555029
27563006	1606	1611	GLT-1	T116,T123	C0061467
27563006	1612	1622	expression	T045	C1171362
27563006	1627	1631	MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
27563006	1632	1647	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27563006	1657	1662	study	T062	C2603343
27563006	1678	1680	FC	T109,T130	C0060559
27563006	1703	1719	antitumor effect	T033	C0243095
27563006	1723	1733	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	1751	1753	FC	T109,T130	C0060559
27563006	1762	1772	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	1775	1782	induced	T169	C0205263
27563006	1783	1799	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27563006	1825	1841	antitumor effect	T033	C0243095
27563006	1859	1866	results	T169	C1274040
27563006	1882	1892	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	1893	1900	induced	T169	C0205263
27563006	1901	1930	astrocyte-specific activation	T043	C1326121
27563006	1956	1976	mechanical allodynia	T184	C2936719
27563006	1981	1993	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
27563006	2004	2006	FC	T109,T130	C0060559
27563006	2018	2027	potential	T080	C3245505
27563006	2028	2045	therapeutic agent	T121	C1611640
27563006	2050	2060	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27563006	2063	2070	induced	T169	C0205263
27563006	2071	2087	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625

27563025|t|The construction of three-dimensional composite fibrous macrostructures with nanotextures for biomedical applications
27563025|a|The development of modern biomedical nanotechnology requires three-dimensional macrostructures with nanotextures to meet the requirements for practical applications in intricate biological systems. Additionally, the restoration and regeneration of some specific body tissues and organs rely on the function of conductive polymers, which can provide electrical cues for cells. In this study, we fabricated three-dimensional composite nanofibre macrostructures of polycaprolactone (PCL) with different concentrations of polyaniline (PANi) by employing an improved electrospinning technology with a specially designed collector. The 3D structures possessed cap-like macrostructures with centimetre-scale thickness and interconnected pore nanotextures with nanometre-scale nanofibres. To estimate the biocompatibility of the 3D PCL / PANi composite nanofibre macrostructures, mouse myoblasts (C2C12 cells) were cultured as model cells. The initial responses of C2C12 cells to the 3D PCL / PANi composite macrostructures were significantly superior to those to pure PCL, that is, the cells exhibited typical myoblast-like morphologies with obvious pseudopodia and the moderate incorporation (less than 2.0 wt%) of conductive PANi facilitated cell proliferation, which indicated that PANi has appreciable cell affinity. Moreover, the addition of conductive PANi to the 3D composite nanofibre macrostructures considerably enhanced myoblast differentiation and myotube maturation. These results suggest that electrospun 3D PCL / PANi composite nanofibre macrostructures would have promising applications in tissue engineering.
27563025	4	16	construction	T052	C1521827
27563025	20	37	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27563025	38	47	composite	T122	C0009570
27563025	48	55	fibrous	T080	C0439709
27563025	56	71	macrostructures	T082	C0678594
27563025	72	89	with nanotextures	T080	C0449582
27563025	94	104	biomedical	T091	C1879848
27563025	105	117	applications	T169	C4048755
27563025	144	154	biomedical	T091	C1879848
27563025	155	169	nanotechnology	T090	C0872323
27563025	179	196	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27563025	197	212	macrostructures	T082	C0678594
27563025	213	230	with nanotextures	T080	C0449582
27563025	270	282	applications	T169	C4048755
27563025	296	314	biological systems	T022	C0460002
27563025	334	345	restoration	UnknownType	C0678689
27563025	350	362	regeneration	T040	C0815081
27563025	380	392	body tissues	T024	C0040300
27563025	397	403	organs	T023	C0178784
27563025	428	447	conductive polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27563025	467	477	electrical	T169	C0442828
27563025	478	482	cues	T078	C0010439
27563025	487	492	cells	T025	C0007634
27563025	523	540	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27563025	541	550	composite	T122	C0009570
27563025	551	560	nanofibre	T073	C1881960
27563025	561	576	macrostructures	T082	C0678594
27563025	580	596	polycaprolactone	T109	C0137734
27563025	598	601	PCL	T109	C0137734
27563025	618	632	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27563025	636	647	polyaniline	T109	C0962453
27563025	649	653	PANi	T109	C0962453
27563025	680	706	electrospinning technology	T169	C0449851
27563025	748	750	3D	T082	C0450363
27563025	751	761	structures	T082	C0678594
27563025	772	796	cap-like macrostructures	T082	C0678594
27563025	802	818	centimetre-scale	T081	C0475210
27563025	819	828	thickness	T080	C1280412
27563025	848	865	pore nanotextures	T080	C0449582
27563025	871	886	nanometre-scale	T081	C0439202
27563025	887	897	nanofibres	T073	C1881960
27563025	915	931	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
27563025	939	941	3D	T082	C0450363
27563025	942	945	PCL	T109	C0137734
27563025	948	952	PANi	T109	C0962453
27563025	953	962	composite	T122	C0009570
27563025	963	972	nanofibre	T073	C1881960
27563025	973	988	macrostructures	T082	C0678594
27563025	990	995	mouse	T015	C0025929
27563025	996	1005	myoblasts	T025	C0596995
27563025	1007	1018	C2C12 cells	T025	C0596995
27563025	1037	1042	model	T050	C2986594
27563025	1043	1048	cells	T025	C0007634
27563025	1075	1086	C2C12 cells	T025	C0596995
27563025	1094	1096	3D	T082	C0450363
27563025	1097	1100	PCL	T109	C0137734
27563025	1103	1107	PANi	T109	C0962453
27563025	1108	1117	composite	T122	C0009570
27563025	1118	1133	macrostructures	T082	C0678594
27563025	1179	1182	PCL	T109	C0137734
27563025	1197	1202	cells	T025	C0007634
27563025	1221	1247	myoblast-like morphologies	T080	C0332437
27563025	1261	1272	pseudopodia	T026	C0033827
27563025	1338	1342	PANi	T109	C0962453
27563025	1355	1373	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27563025	1396	1400	PANi	T109	C0962453
27563025	1417	1430	cell affinity	T038	C3714634
27563025	1458	1468	conductive	T080	C0205556
27563025	1469	1473	PANi	T109	C0962453
27563025	1481	1483	3D	T082	C0450363
27563025	1484	1493	composite	T122	C0009570
27563025	1494	1503	nanofibre	T073	C1881960
27563025	1504	1519	macrostructures	T082	C0678594
27563025	1542	1566	myoblast differentiation	T043	C1159966
27563025	1571	1589	myotube maturation	T043	C2265916
27563025	1618	1629	electrospun	T080	C0205556
27563025	1630	1632	3D	T082	C0450363
27563025	1633	1636	PCL	T109	C0137734
27563025	1639	1643	PANi	T109	C0962453
27563025	1644	1653	composite	T122	C0009570
27563025	1654	1663	nanofibre	T073	C1881960
27563025	1664	1679	macrostructures	T082	C0678594
27563025	1664	1679	macrostructures	T082	C0678594
27563025	1701	1713	applications	T169	C4048755
27563025	1717	1735	tissue engineering	T061	C0596171

27563235|t|Design and characteristics of cytotoxic fibroblast growth factor 1 conjugate for fibroblast growth factor receptor - targeted cancer therapy
27563235|a|Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are attractive candidate cancer therapy targets as they are overexpressed in multiple types of tumors, such as breast, prostate, bladder, and lung cancer. In this study, a natural ligand of FGFR, an engineered variant of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1V), was conjugated to a potent cytotoxic drug, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), and used as a targeting agent for cancer cells overexpressing FGFRs, similar to antibodies in antibody-drug conjugates. The FGF1V-valine-citrulline-MMAE conjugate showed a favorable stability profile, bound FGFRs on the cell surface specifically, and efficiently released the drug (MMAE) upon cleavage by the lysosomal protease cathepsin B. Importantly, the conjugate showed a prominent cytotoxic effect toward cell lines expressing FGFR. FGF1V-vcMMAE was highly cytotoxic at concentrations even an order of magnitude lower than those found for free MMAE. This effect was FGFR -specific as cells lacking FGFR did not show any increased mortality.
27563235	0	6	Design	T052	C1707689
27563235	11	26	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27563235	30	39	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27563235	40	66	fibroblast growth factor 1	T116,T123	C0079349
27563235	67	76	conjugate	T121	C1254351
27563235	81	114	fibroblast growth factor receptor	T116,T192	C0060369
27563235	117	140	targeted cancer therapy	T061	C3854476
27563235	141	175	Fibroblast growth factor receptors	T116,T192	C0060369
27563235	177	182	FGFRs	T116,T192	C0060369
27563235	209	223	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
27563235	224	231	targets	T169	C1521840
27563235	244	257	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
27563235	261	269	multiple	T081	C0439064
27563235	279	285	tumors	T191	C0027651
27563235	295	301	breast	T191	C1458155
27563235	303	311	prostate	T191	C0033578
27563235	313	320	bladder	T191	C0005695
27563235	326	337	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27563235	356	370	natural ligand	T044	C1749457
27563235	374	378	FGFR	T116,T192	C0060369
27563235	383	401	engineered variant	T116	C0034861
27563235	405	431	fibroblast growth factor 1	T116,T123	C0079349
27563235	433	438	FGF1V	T116,T123	C0079349
27563235	445	455	conjugated	T082	C0522529
27563235	461	482	potent cytotoxic drug	T121	C0304497
27563235	484	507	monomethyl auristatin E	T116,T121	C1565020
27563235	509	513	MMAE	T116,T121	C1565020
27563235	530	545	targeting agent	T043	C0599894
27563235	550	562	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27563235	563	577	overexpressing	T045	C1514559
27563235	578	583	FGFRs	T116,T192	C0060369
27563235	596	606	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27563235	610	634	antibody-drug conjugates	T061	C2346828
27563235	640	678	FGF1V-valine-citrulline-MMAE conjugate	T121	C1254351
27563235	698	715	stability profile	T044	C1327386
27563235	717	722	bound	T044	C1167622
27563235	723	728	FGFRs	T116,T192	C0060369
27563235	736	748	cell surface	T026	C0699040
27563235	749	761	specifically	T080	C0205369
27563235	767	778	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27563235	779	787	released	T169	C1283071
27563235	792	803	drug (MMAE)	T116,T121	C1565020
27563235	809	817	cleavage	T044	C0597304
27563235	825	855	lysosomal protease cathepsin B	T116,T126	C0699919
27563235	874	883	conjugate	T121	C1254351
27563235	893	902	prominent	T080	C0205402
27563235	903	919	cytotoxic effect	T049	C0596402
27563235	927	937	cell lines	T025	C0334227
27563235	938	948	expressing	T045	C0597360
27563235	949	953	FGFR	T116,T192	C0060369
27563235	955	967	FGF1V-vcMMAE	T121	C1254351
27563235	979	988	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27563235	992	1006	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27563235	1034	1039	lower	T052	C2003888
27563235	1066	1070	MMAE	T116,T121	C1565020
27563235	1088	1092	FGFR	T116,T192	C0060369
27563235	1106	1111	cells	T025	C0334227
27563235	1112	1119	lacking	T080	C0332268
27563235	1120	1124	FGFR	T116,T192	C0060369
27563235	1125	1137	did not show	T033	C1513916
27563235	1142	1151	increased	T081	C0205217
27563235	1152	1161	mortality	T043	C0007587

27563616|t|Regeneration of mandibular ameloblastoma defect with the help of autologous dental pulp stem cells and buccal pad of fat stromal vascular fraction
27563616|a|Ameloblastoma is benign odontogenic tumor, which is locally aggressive in behavior. Till date, the treatment of choice is resection and reconstruction using a variety of modalities. Inadequate resection may lead to many complications such as bone deformity and dysfunction. This report is about a 14- year-old male with ameloblastoma treated with autologous dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and evidence of bone regeneration. Marsupialization was performed; tooth was extracted and sent for DPSC cultivation. On the day of surgery, SVF was processed from buccal pad of fat, and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was prepared from patient's peripheral blood. During the procedure, labial plate resection and curating of tumor lining were done. After which, a mesh packed with SyboGraft T-plug, prepared SVF, DPSCs, and PRF were placed over lingual cortex and pressure dressing was done. After the 1(st) month of surgery the postoperative course was uneventful, the wound shrinkage led to exposure of mesh in the intraoral region. Removal of exposed mesh was done. The correction surgery with removal of part of mesh and primary closure was achieved with SyboGraft plug, SVF and PRF. Enhanced bone formation was seen in post-operative OPG and CT Scan after 10(th) month. In this article, we propose an innovative approach to manage these cases by using a combination of autologous DPSC and buccal pad of fat SVF to regenerate a mandibular defect left by the resection of an ameloblastoma with 1.5 year follow-up. We were able to demonstrate bone regeneration using this technique with no recurrence of tumor.
27563616	0	12	Regeneration	T042	C0005972
27563616	16	47	mandibular ameloblastoma defect	T191	C0563212
27563616	57	61	help	T080	C1269765
27563616	65	75	autologous	T080	C0439859
27563616	76	87	dental pulp	T023	C0011399
27563616	88	98	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27563616	103	120	buccal pad of fat	T023	C0226900
27563616	121	146	stromal vascular fraction	T121,T123	C4085937
27563616	147	160	Ameloblastoma	T191	C0002448
27563616	164	188	benign odontogenic tumor	T191	C0334557
27563616	199	229	locally aggressive in behavior	T033	C1708719
27563616	246	255	treatment	T061	C0087111
27563616	259	265	choice	T052	C1707391
27563616	269	278	resection	T061	C0728940
27563616	283	297	reconstruction	T061	C0185678
27563616	317	327	modalities	T078	C0695347
27563616	329	339	Inadequate	T080	C0205412
27563616	340	349	resection	T061	C0728940
27563616	367	380	complications	T046	C0009566
27563616	389	403	bone deformity	T190	C0410719
27563616	408	419	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27563616	426	432	report	T170	C0684224
27563616	448	456	year-old	T079	C1510829
27563616	457	461	male	T032	C0086582
27563616	467	480	ameloblastoma	T191	C0002448
27563616	481	488	treated	T169	C1522326
27563616	494	504	autologous	T080	C0439859
27563616	505	516	dental pulp	T023	C0011399
27563616	517	527	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27563616	529	534	DPSCs	T025	C0038250
27563616	540	565	stromal vascular fraction	T121,T123	C4085937
27563616	567	570	SVF	T121,T123	C4085937
27563616	576	584	evidence	T078	C3887511
27563616	588	605	bone regeneration	T042	C0005972
27563616	607	623	Marsupialization	T061	C0185032
27563616	639	644	tooth	T023	C0040426
27563616	649	658	extracted	T061	C0185115
27563616	672	676	DPSC	T025	C0038250
27563616	677	688	cultivation	T062	C0242481
27563616	697	700	day	T079	C0439228
27563616	704	711	surgery	T061	C0543467
27563616	713	716	SVF	T121,T123	C4085937
27563616	736	753	buccal pad of fat	T023	C0226900
27563616	759	779	platelet-rich fibrin	T031	C0370220
27563616	781	784	PRF	T031	C0370220
27563616	790	798	prepared	T052	C1521827
27563616	804	830	patient's peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27563616	843	852	procedure	T061	C0184661
27563616	854	866	labial plate	T023	C0229962
27563616	867	876	resection	T061	C0728940
27563616	881	889	curating	T052	C1707535
27563616	893	905	tumor lining	T191	C0027651
27563616	932	936	mesh	T074	C0038930
27563616	949	965	SyboGraft T-plug	T122	C0181076
27563616	976	979	SVF	T121,T123	C4085937
27563616	981	986	DPSCs	T025	C0038250
27563616	992	995	PRF	T031	C0370220
27563616	1013	1020	lingual	T023	C0040408
27563616	1021	1027	cortex	T023	C1176472
27563616	1032	1049	pressure dressing	T074	C1289828
27563616	1076	1081	month	T079	C0439231
27563616	1085	1092	surgery	T061	C0543467
27563616	1097	1117	postoperative course	T079	C0032790
27563616	1138	1143	wound	T037	C0332803
27563616	1144	1153	shrinkage	T169	C0332513
27563616	1161	1177	exposure of mesh	T033	C2015793
27563616	1185	1201	intraoral region	T082	C1254362
27563616	1203	1210	Removal	T052	C1883720
27563616	1214	1226	exposed mesh	T074	C0038930
27563616	1241	1251	correction	T169	C1947976
27563616	1252	1259	surgery	T061	C0543467
27563616	1265	1272	removal	T052	C1883720
27563616	1276	1283	part of	T082	C1292711
27563616	1284	1288	mesh	T074	C0038930
27563616	1293	1308	primary closure	T061	C0441503
27563616	1327	1341	SyboGraft plug	T122	C0181076
27563616	1343	1346	SVF	T121,T123	C4085937
27563616	1351	1354	PRF	T031	C0370220
27563616	1356	1379	Enhanced bone formation	T033	C0699812
27563616	1392	1406	post-operative	T079	C0032790
27563616	1407	1410	OPG	T060	C0034579
27563616	1415	1422	CT Scan	T060	C0040405
27563616	1436	1441	month	T079	C0439231
27563616	1474	1493	innovative approach	T170	C0025663
27563616	1527	1538	combination	T080	C0205195
27563616	1542	1552	autologous	T080	C0439859
27563616	1553	1557	DPSC	T025	C0038250
27563616	1562	1579	buccal pad of fat	T023	C0226900
27563616	1580	1583	SVF	T121,T123	C4085937
27563616	1587	1597	regenerate	T042	C0005972
27563616	1600	1617	mandibular defect	T033	C0243095
27563616	1630	1639	resection	T061	C0728940
27563616	1646	1659	ameloblastoma	T191	C0002448
27563616	1669	1673	year	T079	C0439234
27563616	1674	1683	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27563616	1713	1730	bone regeneration	T042	C0005972
27563616	1742	1751	technique	T169	C0449851
27563616	1760	1779	recurrence of tumor	T191	C0521158

27565266|t|Considering Cost-Effectiveness in Cardiology Clinical Guidelines: Progress and Prospects
27565266|a|Since the 1980s, when the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) established a joint task force to examine the use of cardiovascular procedures and therapies, cardiologists have been leaders in the development of clinical practice guidelines. The ACC/AHA guidelines development process has evolved considerably over the last 30 or more years. Guidelines now focus on clinical conditions, such as angina, instead of procedures, such as bypass surgery. There is a formal organizational structure, with dedicated staff, a standing committee on practice guidelines, and specific panels of volunteer experts on each topic. This process tightly manages conflicts of interest and strives for evidence-based, as opposed to opinion-based, guidelines, with a clear citation of the supporting evidence. Traditional clinical guidelines consider only what is best for the individual patient, and have explicitly not considered the cost to society. Nevertheless, in many guidelines development meetings, high cost was implicitly considered: if a procedure was extremely costly, the evidence needed to be very strong. The Guidelines Committee recognized that cost considerations ought to be made more transparent, and that the evidence on economic value should be explicitly cited when available. These considerations were formalized by a recent white paper on incorporating economic considerations into ACC/AHA guidelines. In considering value, it is necessary to assess the quality of the evidence as well as to define levels of value. The next ACC/AHA guideline will incorporate value as a part of its recommendations. This will be an evidence-based process in which published economic assessments relating to key questions will be reviewed.
27565266	0	11	Considering	T078	C0750591
27565266	12	30	Cost-Effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27565266	34	44	Cardiology	T091	C0007189
27565266	45	64	Clinical Guidelines	T170	C0282451
27565266	115	151	American College of Cardiology (ACC)	T093	C0920545
27565266	160	186	American Heart Association	T093	C0002458
27565266	188	191	AHA	T093	C0002458
27565266	246	271	cardiovascular procedures	T061	C0189573
27565266	276	285	therapies	T061	C0087111
27565266	287	300	cardiologists	T097	C0175906
27565266	326	337	development	T169	C1527148
27565266	341	369	clinical practice guidelines	T170	C0282451
27565266	375	382	ACC/AHA	T170	C4072694
27565266	383	393	guidelines	T170	C0282451
27565266	394	405	development	T169	C1527148
27565266	471	481	Guidelines	T170	C0282451
27565266	495	514	clinical conditions	T091	C0030667
27565266	524	530	angina	T184	C0002962
27565266	543	553	procedures	T061	C0184661
27565266	563	577	bypass surgery	T061	C1536078
27565266	597	621	organizational structure	T170	C0687114
27565266	638	643	staff	T097	C0851286
27565266	656	665	committee	T096	C2699414
27565266	669	688	practice guidelines	T170	C0282451
27565266	713	730	volunteer experts	T097	C0019989
27565266	813	827	evidence-based	T169	C1510541
27565266	858	868	guidelines	T170	C0282451
27565266	910	918	evidence	T078	C3887511
27565266	932	951	clinical guidelines	T170	C0282451
27565266	987	997	individual	T098	C0237401
27565266	998	1005	patient	T101	C0030705
27565266	1046	1061	cost to society	T081	C0683770
27565266	1085	1095	guidelines	T170	C0282451
27565266	1096	1107	development	T169	C1527148
27565266	1108	1116	meetings	T052	C0556656
27565266	1118	1127	high cost	T090	C0039425
27565266	1143	1153	considered	T078	C0750591
27565266	1160	1169	procedure	T061	C0184661
27565266	1174	1190	extremely costly	T033	C0243095
27565266	1196	1204	evidence	T078	C3887511
27565266	1235	1245	Guidelines	T170	C0282451
27565266	1246	1255	Committee	T096	C2699414
27565266	1272	1276	cost	T081	C0010186
27565266	1277	1291	considerations	T033	C0518609
27565266	1314	1325	transparent	T080	C0522503
27565266	1340	1348	evidence	T078	C3887511
27565266	1352	1360	economic	T169	C0013557
27565266	1416	1430	considerations	T033	C0518609
27565266	1488	1496	economic	T169	C0013557
27565266	1497	1511	considerations	T033	C0518609
27565266	1517	1524	ACC/AHA	T170	C4072694
27565266	1525	1535	guidelines	T170	C0282451
27565266	1589	1596	quality	T080	C0332306
27565266	1604	1612	evidence	T078	C3887511
27565266	1634	1649	levels of value	T080	C0441889
27565266	1660	1667	ACC/AHA	T170	C4072694
27565266	1668	1677	guideline	T170	C0282451
27565266	1751	1773	evidence-based process	T169	C1510541
27565266	1783	1792	published	T057	C0034037
27565266	1793	1801	economic	T169	C0013557
27565266	1802	1813	assessments	T058	C0220825

27565311|t|Effects of morphology and surface hydroxyl on the toxicity of BiOCl in human HaCaT cells
27565311|a|Recently, bismuth oxychloride nanomaterials (BiOCls) are showing great promise in pollutant removal. Residues from these environmental remediations are potential hazardous materials. Unfortunately, human health risks of BiOCls are still unexplored widely. In the present study, we focused on the influence of physicochemical properties on the cytotoxicity of BiOCls toward a human skin derived cell line (HaCaT). Results showed that morphology and surface hydroxyl both had a profound effect on the toxicity of BiOCls. Microsphere-shaped BiOCl caused less toxicity than nanosheet-shaped BiOCl because of weaker particle-membrane interactions, while the presence of surface hydroxyl on microsphere-shaped BiOCl significantly raised the toxicity owing to the increased interaction with cell membrane. Both microsphere-shaped BiOCl with surface hydroxyl and nanosheet-shaped BiOCl caused significant cell membrane damage (PI uptake and LDH release), however, based on the different mechanism. The former may be a predominant "chemical" mechanism involved an oxidative stress paradigm, as manifested by elevated ROS and depleted GSH, while the latter is mainly due to a direct " physical " damage to cell membrane. Both " physical " and "chemical" response led to cell death. Furthermore, a set of experiments including MMP collapse, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis / necrosis were conducted to propose a scenario for toxicological aspects of BiOCls. Data presented here would help to enable the rational design of BiOCls for either reducing their unintended consequences or increasing their application potentials.
27565311	11	21	morphology	T080	C0332437
27565311	26	42	surface hydroxyl	T197	C0700307
27565311	50	58	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27565311	62	67	BiOCl	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	71	76	human	T016	C0086418
27565311	77	88	HaCaT cells	T025	C0022567
27565311	99	118	bismuth oxychloride	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	119	132	nanomaterials	T185	C1881976
27565311	134	140	BiOCls	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	171	180	pollutant	T131	C0599786
27565311	181	188	removal	T052	C1883720
27565311	190	198	Residues	T131	C0599786
27565311	210	236	environmental remediations	T069	C3853059
27565311	251	270	hazardous materials	T131	C0018626
27565311	287	292	human	T016	C0086418
27565311	293	305	health risks	T058	C0086930
27565311	309	315	BiOCls	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	360	365	study	T062	C2603343
27565311	398	424	physicochemical properties	T080	C0871161
27565311	432	444	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27565311	448	454	BiOCls	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	464	469	human	T016	C0086418
27565311	470	474	skin	T022	C1123023
27565311	483	492	cell line	T025	C0007634
27565311	494	499	HaCaT	T025	C0022567
27565311	522	532	morphology	T080	C0332437
27565311	537	553	surface hydroxyl	T197	C0700307
27565311	588	596	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27565311	600	606	BiOCls	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	608	626	Microsphere-shaped	T082	C0332479
27565311	627	632	BiOCl	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	645	653	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27565311	659	675	nanosheet-shaped	T082	C0332479
27565311	676	681	BiOCl	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	693	730	weaker particle-membrane interactions	T043	C0007613
27565311	754	770	surface hydroxyl	T197	C0700307
27565311	774	792	microsphere-shaped	T082	C0332479
27565311	793	798	BiOCl	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	824	832	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27565311	856	867	interaction	T043	C0007613
27565311	873	886	cell membrane	T026	C0007603
27565311	893	911	microsphere-shaped	T082	C0332479
27565311	912	917	BiOCl	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	923	939	surface hydroxyl	T197	C0700307
27565311	944	960	nanosheet-shaped	T082	C0332479
27565311	961	966	BiOCl	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	986	999	cell membrane	T026	C0007603
27565311	1000	1006	damage	T049	C0599732
27565311	1008	1010	PI	T109,T130	C0033470
27565311	1008	1017	PI uptake	T059	C0005507
27565311	1022	1025	LDH	T116,T126	C0022917
27565311	1022	1033	LDH release	T059	C0005507
27565311	1068	1077	mechanism	T043	C0007613
27565311	1111	1131	"chemical" mechanism	T043	C1623221
27565311	1144	1169	oxidative stress paradigm	T062	C0681797
27565311	1197	1200	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27565311	1214	1217	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27565311	1264	1272	physical	T169	C0205485
27565311	1275	1281	damage	T049	C0599732
27565311	1285	1298	cell membrane	T026	C0007603
27565311	1307	1315	physical	T043	C1623221
27565311	1322	1341	"chemical" response	T043	C1623221
27565311	1349	1359	cell death	T043	C0007587
27565311	1383	1394	experiments	T062	C0681814
27565311	1405	1408	MMP	T043	C1720920
27565311	1419	1436	cell cycle arrest	T043	C1155873
27565311	1442	1451	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27565311	1454	1462	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27565311	1504	1525	toxicological aspects	T080	C0040539
27565311	1529	1535	BiOCls	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	1537	1541	Data	T078	C1511726
27565311	1582	1597	rational design	T052	C1707689
27565311	1601	1607	BiOCls	T121,T197	C0053787
27565311	1634	1657	unintended consequences	T080	C0205556
27565311	1678	1700	application potentials	T080	C3245505

27565870|t|Molecular Characterization of Equine APRIL and its Expression Analysis During the Adipogenic Differentiation of Equine Adipose - Derived Stem Cell In Vitro
27565870|a|A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily. It shares two receptors with B-cell activating factor (BAFF), B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA), and transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI). Herein, the equine APRIL was identified from equine adipose-derived stem cell (ASC), and the protein expression of APRIL and its related molecules were detected during the adipogenic differentiation of equine ASC in vitro. The equine APRIL gene was located on chromosome 11, spans 1852 base pairs (bp). Its open reading frame covers 753 bp, encoding a 250-amino acid protein with the typical TNF structure domain. During the two weeks' adipogenic differentiation of equine ASC, although the protein expression of APRIL and TACI had an insignificant change, that of BCMA increased significantly. Moreover, with the addition of recombinant protein His6-sAPRIL, a reduced differentiation of equine ASC toward adipocyte was detected. These results may provide the basis for investigating the role of APRIL in ASC adipogenic differentiation.
27565870	0	9	Molecular	T080	C1521991
27565870	10	26	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27565870	30	36	Equine	T015	C0019944
27565870	37	42	APRIL	T116,T123	C1706374
27565870	51	70	Expression Analysis	T059	C1882495
27565870	71	77	During	T079	C0347984
27565870	82	92	Adipogenic	T044	C0596843
27565870	93	108	Differentiation	T043	C0007589
27565870	112	118	Equine	T015	C0019944
27565870	119	126	Adipose	T024	C0001527
27565870	129	136	Derived	T080	C1441547
27565870	137	146	Stem Cell	T025	C0038250
27565870	147	155	In Vitro	T080	C1533691
27565870	158	187	proliferation inducing ligand	T116,T123	C1706374
27565870	189	194	APRIL	T116,T123	C1706374
27565870	201	210	member of	T082	C1292711
27565870	215	218	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
27565870	219	230	superfamily	T077	C1883220
27565870	246	255	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27565870	261	285	B-cell activating factor	T116,T123	C1682317
27565870	287	291	BAFF	T116,T123	C1682317
27565870	294	319	B-cell maturation antigen	T116,T192	C1706297
27565870	321	325	BCMA	T116,T192	C1706297
27565870	332	375	transmembrane activator and CAML interactor	T116,T192	C1706295
27565870	377	381	TACI	T116,T192	C1706295
27565870	396	402	equine	T015	C0019944
27565870	403	408	APRIL	T116,T123	C1706374
27565870	413	423	identified	T080	C0205396
27565870	429	435	equine	T015	C0019944
27565870	436	461	adipose-derived stem cell	T025	C1636199
27565870	463	466	ASC	T025	C1636199
27565870	477	495	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27565870	499	504	APRIL	T116,T123	C1706374
27565870	521	530	molecules	T167	C0567416
27565870	536	544	detected	T033	C0442726
27565870	545	551	during	T079	C0347984
27565870	556	566	adipogenic	T044	C0596843
27565870	567	582	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27565870	586	592	equine	T015	C0019944
27565870	593	596	ASC	T025	C1636199
27565870	597	605	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27565870	611	617	equine	T015	C0019944
27565870	618	628	APRIL gene	T028	C1420815
27565870	633	640	located	T082	C0332285
27565870	644	657	chromosome 11	T026	C0008633
27565870	659	680	spans 1852 base pairs	T086	C0004793
27565870	682	684	bp	T086	C0004793
27565870	691	709	open reading frame	T028	C0079941
27565870	717	723	753 bp	T086	C0004793
27565870	736	758	250-amino acid protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27565870	776	779	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
27565870	780	796	structure domain	T087	C1514562
27565870	798	804	During	T079	C0347984
27565870	820	830	adipogenic	T044	C0596843
27565870	831	846	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27565870	850	856	equine	T015	C0019944
27565870	857	860	ASC	T025	C1636199
27565870	875	893	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27565870	897	902	APRIL	T116,T123	C1706374
27565870	907	911	TACI	T116,T192	C1706295
27565870	919	939	insignificant change	T033	C0243095
27565870	949	953	BCMA	T116,T192	C1706297
27565870	954	963	increased	T081	C0205217
27565870	964	977	significantly	T078	C0750502
27565870	1010	1029	recombinant protein	T116	C0034861
27565870	1030	1041	His6-sAPRIL	T116	C0034861
27565870	1045	1052	reduced	T080	C0392756
27565870	1053	1068	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27565870	1072	1078	equine	T015	C0019944
27565870	1079	1082	ASC	T025	C1636199
27565870	1090	1099	adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27565870	1104	1112	detected	T033	C0442726
27565870	1120	1127	results	T169	C1274040
27565870	1132	1139	provide	T052	C1999230
27565870	1144	1149	basis	T169	C1527178
27565870	1154	1167	investigating	T169	C1292732
27565870	1172	1176	role	T077	C1705810
27565870	1180	1185	APRIL	T116,T123	C1706374
27565870	1189	1192	ASC	T025	C1636199
27565870	1193	1203	adipogenic	T044	C0596843
27565870	1204	1219	differentiation	T043	C0007589

27565913|t|Serum mass profile signature as a biomarker of early lung cancer
27565913|a|Circulating molecular biomarkers of lung cancer may allow the pre-selection of candidates for computed tomography screening or increase its efficacy. We aimed to identify features of serum mass profile distinguishing individuals with early lung cancer from healthy participants of the lung cancer screening program. Blood samples were collected during a low-dose computed tomography (LD-CT) screening program performed by one institution (Medical University of Gdansk, Poland). MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry was used to characterize the low- molecular-weight (1000-14,000Da) serum fraction. The analysis comprised 95 patients with early stage lung cancer (including 30 screen-detected cases) and a matched group of 285 healthy controls. The cases were split into two independent cohorts (discovery and validation), analyzed separately 6 months apart. Several molecular components of serum (putatively components of endogenous peptidome) discriminating patients with early lung cancer from controls were identified in a discovery cohort. This allowed building an effective cancer classifier as a model tuned to maximize negative predictive value, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a positive predictive value of 48%. However, the classifier performed worse in a validation cohort including independent sample sets (AUC 0.73, NPV 88% and PPV 30%). We developed a serum mass profile -based signature identifying patients with early lung cancer. Although this marker has insufficient value as a stand-alone preselecting tool for LD-CT screening, its potential clinical usefulness in evaluation of indeterminate pulmonary nodules deserves further investigation.
27565913	0	18	Serum mass profile	T059	C1446041
27565913	19	28	signature	T169	C1704864
27565913	34	43	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27565913	47	52	early	T079	C2363430
27565913	53	64	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27565913	65	76	Circulating	T169	C0175630
27565913	77	97	molecular biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27565913	101	112	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27565913	127	140	pre-selection	T062	C0242481
27565913	159	178	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27565913	179	188	screening	T058	C0220908
27565913	205	213	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27565913	248	266	serum mass profile	T059	C1446041
27565913	282	293	individuals	T098	C0237401
27565913	299	304	early	T079	C2363430
27565913	305	316	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27565913	322	342	healthy participants	T098	C1708335
27565913	350	379	lung cancer screening program	T061	C0281477
27565913	381	394	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
27565913	419	427	low-dose	T081	C0445550
27565913	428	447	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27565913	449	454	LD-CT	T060	C0040405
27565913	456	473	screening program	T058	C0220908
27565913	491	502	institution	T093	C2607850
27565913	504	532	Medical University of Gdansk	T073,T093	C0020028
27565913	534	540	Poland	T083	C0032356
27565913	543	570	MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry	T062	C1518101
27565913	605	621	molecular-weight	T081	C0026385
27565913	638	643	serum	T031	C0229671
27565913	644	652	fraction	T081	C1264633
27565913	658	666	analysis	T062	C0936012
27565913	680	688	patients	T101	C0030705
27565913	694	705	early stage	T079	C2363430
27565913	706	717	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27565913	782	798	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27565913	830	841	independent	T078	C0085862
27565913	842	849	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27565913	851	860	discovery	T052	C1880355
27565913	865	875	validation	T062	C1519941
27565913	878	886	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27565913	922	942	molecular components	T123	C0574031
27565913	946	951	serum	T031	C0229671
27565913	978	988	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27565913	989	998	peptidome	T116	C0030956
27565913	1000	1014	discriminating	T080	C0205235
27565913	1015	1023	patients	T101	C0030705
27565913	1029	1034	early	T079	C2363430
27565913	1035	1046	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27565913	1082	1091	discovery	T052	C1880355
27565913	1092	1098	cohort	T098	C0599755
27565913	1135	1141	cancer	T191	C0006826
27565913	1142	1152	classifier	T169	C4291659
27565913	1158	1163	model	T170	C3161035
27565913	1182	1207	negative predictive value	T081	C1513918
27565913	1217	1237	area under the curve	T081	C0376690
27565913	1239	1242	AUC	T081	C0376690
27565913	1255	1280	negative predictive value	T081	C1513918
27565913	1296	1321	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
27565913	1343	1353	classifier	T169	C4291659
27565913	1386	1392	cohort	T098	C0599755
27565913	1415	1426	sample sets	T031	C0178913
27565913	1428	1431	AUC	T081	C0376690
27565913	1438	1441	NPV	T081	C1513918
27565913	1450	1453	PPV	T081	C1514243
27565913	1475	1493	serum mass profile	T059	C1446041
27565913	1501	1510	signature	T169	C1704864
27565913	1523	1531	patients	T101	C0030705
27565913	1537	1542	early	T079	C2363430
27565913	1543	1554	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27565913	1570	1576	marker	T201	C0005516
27565913	1581	1599	insufficient value	T080	C0231180
27565913	1605	1634	stand-alone preselecting tool	T062	C0242481
27565913	1639	1644	LD-CT	T060	C0040405
27565913	1645	1654	screening	T058	C0220908
27565913	1693	1703	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27565913	1707	1720	indeterminate	T078	C0205258
27565913	1721	1738	pulmonary nodules	T033	C0034079
27565913	1756	1769	investigation	T058	C0220825

27565983|t|A R2R3-MYB transcription factor from Lablab purpureus induced by drought increases tolerance to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis
27565983|a|Few regulators for drought tolerance have been identified in Lablab purpureus which is a multipurpose leguminous crop. The transcription factor MYB is involved in regulatory networks in response to abiotic and biotic stresses in plants. A novel R2R3-MYB factor in L. purpureus has been identified. An suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) library was constructed using root tissues of L. purpureus MEIDOU 2012 from well-watered and water-stress treatments that were subjected to drought stress for 10 days. In addition, the cDNA of LpMYB1 was identified based on the SSH library. The cDNA of LpMYB1 is 858 bp and encodes a 285- amino acid protein with a calculated mass of 33.4 kDa. The LpMYB1 protein localizes to the nucleus and has transactivation activity with the activation domain in the C terminal region of the protein. In LpMYB1 overexpressed Arabidopsis, the tolerance of transgenic seedlings to drought and salt was improved, and the germination potential of transgenic seeds increase in the presence of NaCl or ABA. LpMYB1 is a drought - responsive R2R3-MYB factor that can increase the drought and salt tolerance of LpMYB1 - overexpressed Arabidopsis.
27565983	2	31	R2R3-MYB transcription factor	T116,T123	C3849275
27565983	37	53	Lablab purpureus	T002	C0330857
27565983	54	61	induced	T169	C0205263
27565983	65	72	drought	T070	C0013140
27565983	73	82	increases	T169	C0442805
27565983	83	92	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27565983	96	110	abiotic stress	T040	C2611805
27565983	114	125	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
27565983	130	140	regulators	T077	C1704735
27565983	145	152	drought	T070	C0013140
27565983	153	162	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27565983	173	183	identified	T080	C0205396
27565983	187	203	Lablab purpureus	T002	C0330857
27565983	228	238	leguminous	T002	C0023263
27565983	239	243	crop	T002	C0242775
27565983	249	273	transcription factor MYB	T116,T123	C3849275
27565983	289	308	regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
27565983	312	331	response to abiotic	T040	C2611805
27565983	336	351	biotic stresses	T040	C2611806
27565983	355	361	plants	T002	C0032098
27565983	371	386	R2R3-MYB factor	T116,T123	C3849275
27565983	390	402	L. purpureus	T002	C0330857
27565983	412	422	identified	T080	C0205396
27565983	427	478	suppression subtraction hybridization (SSH) library	T059,T063	C3849999
27565983	501	505	root	T002	C0242726
27565983	506	513	tissues	T025	C1514137
27565983	517	529	L. purpureus	T002	C0330857
27565983	530	541	MEIDOU 2012	T032	C0017431
27565983	547	559	well-watered	T169	C0205245
27565983	564	587	water-stress treatments	T169	C0205245
27565983	611	618	drought	T070	C0013140
27565983	619	625	stress	T033	C0038435
27565983	633	637	days	T079	C0439228
27565983	639	650	In addition	T169	C0332287
27565983	656	660	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27565983	664	670	LpMYB1	T116,T123	C0033684
27565983	675	685	identified	T080	C0205396
27565983	699	710	SSH library	T059,T063	C3849999
27565983	716	720	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27565983	724	730	LpMYB1	T116,T123	C0033684
27565983	738	740	bp	T044	C0600436
27565983	745	752	encodes	T052	C2700640
27565983	760	770	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27565983	771	778	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27565983	786	796	calculated	T059	C1443182
27565983	797	801	mass	T081	C1306372
27565983	819	833	LpMYB1 protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27565983	834	843	localizes	T082	C0392752
27565983	851	858	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27565983	867	891	transactivation activity	T045	C0040624
27565983	901	918	activation domain	T087	C1519594
27565983	926	943	C terminal region	T087	C1707271
27565983	951	958	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27565983	963	969	LpMYB1	T116,T123	C0033684
27565983	970	983	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
27565983	984	995	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
27565983	1001	1010	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27565983	1014	1024	transgenic	T002	C0085245
27565983	1025	1034	seedlings	T002	C0242437
27565983	1038	1045	drought	T070	C0013140
27565983	1050	1054	salt	T070	C1254365
27565983	1059	1067	improved	T033	C0184511
27565983	1077	1088	germination	T038	C0242735
27565983	1089	1098	potential	T080	C3245505
27565983	1102	1112	transgenic	T002	C0085245
27565983	1113	1118	seeds	T002	C0036563
27565983	1119	1127	increase	T169	C0442805
27565983	1135	1143	presence	T033	C0150312
27565983	1147	1151	NaCl	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
27565983	1155	1158	ABA	T109,T123	C0000843
27565983	1160	1166	LpMYB1	T116,T123	C0033684
27565983	1172	1179	drought	T070	C0013140
27565983	1182	1192	responsive	T169	C0205342
27565983	1193	1208	R2R3-MYB factor	T116,T123	C3849275
27565983	1218	1226	increase	T169	C0442805
27565983	1231	1238	drought	T070	C0013140
27565983	1243	1257	salt tolerance	T043	C1752460
27565983	1261	1267	LpMYB1	T116,T123	C0033684
27565983	1270	1283	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
27565983	1284	1295	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741

27566296|t|Reduced haemodynamic coupling and exercise are associated with vascular stiffening in pulmonary arterial hypertension
27566296|a|Inadequate right ventricular (RV) and pulmonary arterial (PA) functional responses to exercise are important yet poorly understood features of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This study combined invasive catheterisation with echocardiography to assess RV afterload, RV function and ventricular - vascular coupling in subjects with PAH. Twenty-six subjects with PAH were prospectively recruited to undergo right heart catheterisation and Doppler echocardiography at rest and during incremental exercise, and cardiac MRI at rest. Measurements at rest included basic haemodynamics, RV function and coupling efficiency (η). Measurements during incremental exercise included pulmonary vascular resistance (Z0), characteristic impedance (ZC, a measure of proximal PA stiffness) and proximal and distal PA compliance (CPA). In patients with PAH, the proximal PAs were significantly stiffer at maximum exercise (ZC =2.31±0.38 vs 1.33±0.15 WU×m(2) at rest; p=0.003) and PA compliance was decreased (CPA =0.88±0.10 vs 1.32±0.17 mL/mm Hg/m(2) at rest; p=0.0002). Z0 did not change with exercise. As a result, the resistance-compliance (RC) time decreased with exercise (0.67±0.05 vs 1.00±0.07 s at rest; p<10(-6)). When patients were grouped according to resting coupling efficiency, those with poorer η exhibited stiffer proximal PAs at rest, a lower maximum exercise level, and more limited CPA reduction at maximum exercise. In PAH, exercise causes proximal and distal PA stiffening, which combined with preserved Z0 results in decreased RC time with exercise. Stiff PAs at rest may also contribute to poor haemodynamic coupling, reflecting reduced pulmonary vascular reserve that contributes to limit the maximum exercise level tolerated.
27566296	0	7	Reduced	T080	C0392756
27566296	8	29	haemodynamic coupling	T042	C4042905
27566296	34	42	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	47	62	associated with	T080	C0332281
27566296	63	82	vascular stiffening	T046	C3178781
27566296	86	117	pulmonary arterial hypertension	T047	C2973725
27566296	118	128	Inadequate	T080	C0205412
27566296	129	146	right ventricular	T023	C0225883
27566296	148	150	RV	T023	C0225883
27566296	156	174	pulmonary arterial	T023	C0034052
27566296	176	178	PA	T023	C0034052
27566296	180	190	functional	T169	C0205245
27566296	191	200	responses	T169	C0205245
27566296	204	212	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	261	292	pulmonary arterial hypertension	T047	C2973725
27566296	294	297	PAH	T047	C2973725
27566296	305	310	study	T062	C2603343
27566296	320	328	invasive	T061	C0683468
27566296	329	344	catheterisation	T061	C0007430
27566296	350	366	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
27566296	370	376	assess	T052	C1516048
27566296	377	379	RV	T023	C0225883
27566296	391	402	RV function	T042	C0080311
27566296	407	418	ventricular	T023	C0018827
27566296	421	429	vascular	T023	C0005847
27566296	430	438	coupling	T042	C1254358
27566296	442	450	subjects	T098	C0080105
27566296	456	459	PAH	T047	C2973725
27566296	472	480	subjects	T098	C0080105
27566296	486	489	PAH	T047	C2973725
27566296	530	541	right heart	T029	C0225808
27566296	542	557	catheterisation	T061	C0007430
27566296	562	586	Doppler echocardiography	T060	C0013520
27566296	590	594	rest	T056	C0035253
27566296	606	617	incremental	T081	C1705117
27566296	618	626	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	632	643	cardiac MRI	T060	C0412692
27566296	647	651	rest	T056	C0035253
27566296	653	665	Measurements	T169	C0242485
27566296	669	673	rest	T056	C0035253
27566296	689	702	haemodynamics	T042	C0019010
27566296	704	715	RV function	T042	C0080311
27566296	720	739	coupling efficiency	T081	C0013682
27566296	741	742	η	T081	C0013682
27566296	745	757	Measurements	T169	C0242485
27566296	765	776	incremental	T081	C1705117
27566296	777	785	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	795	824	pulmonary vascular resistance	T033	C0456261
27566296	826	828	Z0	T033	C0456261
27566296	831	855	characteristic impedance	T060	C0007185
27566296	857	859	ZC	T060	C0007185
27566296	863	870	measure	T169	C0242485
27566296	874	882	proximal	T082	C0205107
27566296	883	885	PA	T023	C0034052
27566296	886	895	stiffness	T039	C0599949
27566296	901	909	proximal	T082	C0205107
27566296	914	920	distal	T082	C0205108
27566296	945	953	patients	T101	C0030705
27566296	959	962	PAH	T047	C2973725
27566296	968	976	proximal	T082	C0205107
27566296	977	980	PAs	T023	C0034052
27566296	986	999	significantly	T078	C0750502
27566296	1000	1007	stiffer	T033	C0205400
27566296	1011	1018	maximum	T081	C0806909
27566296	1019	1027	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	1029	1031	ZC	T060	C0007185
27566296	1067	1071	rest	T056	C0035253
27566296	1104	1113	decreased	T081	C0205216
27566296	1160	1164	rest	T056	C0035253
27566296	1177	1179	Z0	T033	C0456261
27566296	1200	1208	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	1227	1258	resistance-compliance (RC) time	T081	C0392762
27566296	1259	1268	decreased	T081	C0205216
27566296	1274	1282	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	1312	1316	rest	T056	C0035253
27566296	1334	1342	patients	T101	C0030705
27566296	1369	1376	resting	T056	C0035253
27566296	1377	1396	coupling efficiency	T081	C0013682
27566296	1416	1417	η	T081	C0013682
27566296	1428	1435	stiffer	T033	C0205400
27566296	1436	1444	proximal	T082	C0205107
27566296	1445	1448	PAs	T023	C0034052
27566296	1452	1456	rest	T056	C0035253
27566296	1466	1473	maximum	T081	C0806909
27566296	1474	1482	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	1483	1488	level	T080	C0441889
27566296	1511	1520	reduction	T080	C0392756
27566296	1524	1531	maximum	T081	C0806909
27566296	1532	1540	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	1545	1548	PAH	T047	C2973725
27566296	1550	1558	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	1566	1574	proximal	T082	C0205107
27566296	1579	1585	distal	T082	C0205108
27566296	1586	1588	PA	T023	C0034052
27566296	1589	1599	stiffening	T039	C0599949
27566296	1631	1633	Z0	T033	C0456261
27566296	1645	1654	decreased	T081	C0205216
27566296	1655	1662	RC time	T081	C0392762
27566296	1668	1676	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	1678	1687	Stiff PAs	T023	C0034052
27566296	1691	1695	rest	T056	C0035253
27566296	1724	1745	haemodynamic coupling	T042	C4042905
27566296	1758	1765	reduced	T080	C0392756
27566296	1766	1784	pulmonary vascular	T023	C0459963
27566296	1798	1809	contributes	T052	C1880177
27566296	1823	1830	maximum	T081	C0806909
27566296	1831	1839	exercise	T056	C0015259
27566296	1840	1845	level	T080	C0441889

27566320|t|Pharmacokinetics of Repeated Melatonin Drug Administrations Prior to and After Surgery
27566320|a|Recent clinical studies have documented the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anxiolytic effects of exogenous melatonin. The pharmacokinetic properties of melatonin have primarily been investigated in experimental studies. The aim of this study was to estimate the pharmacokinetics of melatonin in patients undergoing surgery and general anesthesia. The study was designed as a prospective, two-phase cohort study. Patients were candidates for subpectoral breast augmentation surgery, and surgical procedures were performed by a single surgeon. The perioperative treatment protocol was standardized between patients. During the study, each patient received two separate oral administrations of melatonin 10 mg. Melatonin was administered 60 min before surgery, and at 9:00 p.m. the evening after surgery. The pharmacokinetic variables absorption half-life (t ½ absorption), time to maximal plasma concentration (T max), maximal plasma concentration (C max), elimination half-life (t ½ elimination), and area under the melatonin plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC ∞) were estimated for both study phases. Median (interquartile range) values of t ½ absorption and T max were significantly increased during the postoperative phase [10.8 (6.9-15.1) min; 90.0 (48.8-120.0) min] compared with perioperatively [9.5 (6.3-16.5) min; 30.0 (15.0-30.0) min] (p = 0.034; p = 0.002), respectively. C max values were significantly higher during surgery [5497.5 (2077.1-13,233.8) pg/ml] compared with postoperative values [2340.5 (1672.4-8871.4) pg/ml] (p = 0.005). Correspondingly, t ½ elimination was significantly extended during the postoperative phase [103.5 (57.8-237.8) min] compared with the perioperative phase [60.5 (47.8-83.6) min] (p = 0.015). AUC ∞ did not differ between the study phases (p > 0.05). These preliminary results indicate that postoperative melatonin dose should be augmented compared with preoperative administration if corresponding melatonin plasma levels are intended. Furthermore, postoperative administration times should be advanced compared with preoperative administration.
27566320	0	16	Pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27566320	20	28	Repeated	T169	C0205341
27566320	29	38	Melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
27566320	39	59	Drug Administrations	T058	C3469597
27566320	60	68	Prior to	T079	C0332152
27566320	73	86	After Surgery	T079	C0032790
27566320	94	110	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27566320	116	126	documented	T058	C1301725
27566320	131	140	analgesic	T033	C0948482
27566320	142	159	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27566320	161	174	antioxidative	T039	C3179302
27566320	179	197	anxiolytic effects	T039	C3179404
27566320	201	210	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27566320	211	220	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
27566320	226	252	pharmacokinetic properties	T039	C0031327
27566320	256	265	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
27566320	286	298	investigated	T169	C1292732
27566320	302	322	experimental studies	T062	C0681814
27566320	340	345	study	T062	C2603343
27566320	353	361	estimate	T081	C0750572
27566320	366	382	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27566320	386	395	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
27566320	399	407	patients	T101	C0030705
27566320	419	426	surgery	T061	C0543467
27566320	431	449	general anesthesia	T061	C0002915
27566320	479	514	prospective, two-phase cohort study	T062	C1709709
27566320	516	524	Patients	T101	C0030705
27566320	545	556	subpectoral	T023	C0030747
27566320	557	584	breast augmentation surgery	T061	C0191925
27566320	590	609	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
27566320	615	624	performed	T169	C0884358
27566320	630	636	single	T081	C0205171
27566320	637	644	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27566320	650	663	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27566320	664	682	treatment protocol	T061	C0040808
27566320	708	716	patients	T101	C0030705
27566320	729	734	study	T062	C2603343
27566320	741	748	patient	T101	C0030705
27566320	749	757	received	T080	C1514756
27566320	762	770	separate	T080	C0443299
27566320	771	791	oral administrations	T061	C0001563
27566320	795	810	melatonin 10 mg	T200	C1128362
27566320	812	821	Melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
27566320	826	838	administered	T058	C0806914
27566320	846	852	before	T079	C0332152
27566320	853	860	surgery	T061	C0543467
27566320	883	890	evening	T079	C0587117
27566320	891	904	after surgery	T079	C0032790
27566320	910	925	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27566320	926	935	variables	T169	C1521761
27566320	936	956	absorption half-life	T169	C1373172
27566320	958	972	t ½ absorption	T169	C1373172
27566320	975	1011	time to maximal plasma concentration	T081	C2348796
27566320	1013	1018	T max	T081	C2348796
27566320	1021	1049	maximal plasma concentration	T081	C2347813
27566320	1051	1056	C max	T081	C2347813
27566320	1059	1080	elimination half-life	T081	C2348397
27566320	1082	1097	t ½ elimination	T081	C2348397
27566320	1104	1187	area under the melatonin plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity	T081	C2827912
27566320	1189	1194	AUC ∞	T081	C2827912
27566320	1201	1210	estimated	T081	C0750572
27566320	1220	1225	study	T062	C2603343
27566320	1226	1232	phases	T079	C0205390
27566320	1234	1240	Median	T081	C0876920
27566320	1242	1261	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27566320	1273	1287	t ½ absorption	T169	C1373172
27566320	1292	1297	T max	T081	C2348796
27566320	1303	1316	significantly	T078	C0750502
27566320	1317	1326	increased	T081	C0205217
27566320	1338	1357	postoperative phase	T079	C0032790
27566320	1403	1411	compared	T052	C1707455
27566320	1417	1432	perioperatively	T079	C1518988
27566320	1514	1526	C max values	T081	C2347813
27566320	1532	1545	significantly	T078	C0750502
27566320	1546	1552	higher	T080	C0205250
27566320	1560	1567	surgery	T061	C0543467
27566320	1601	1609	compared	T052	C1707455
27566320	1615	1628	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27566320	1629	1635	values	T081	C1522609
27566320	1697	1712	t ½ elimination	T081	C2348397
27566320	1717	1730	significantly	T078	C0750502
27566320	1731	1739	extended	T169	C0231448
27566320	1751	1770	postoperative phase	T079	C0032790
27566320	1796	1804	compared	T052	C1707455
27566320	1814	1833	perioperative phase	T079	C2712230
27566320	1870	1875	AUC ∞	T081	C2827912
27566320	1880	1890	not differ	T033	C3842396
27566320	1903	1908	study	T062	C2603343
27566320	1909	1915	phases	T079	C0205390
27566320	1934	1945	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27566320	1946	1953	results	T169	C1274040
27566320	1968	1981	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27566320	1982	1991	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
27566320	1992	1996	dose	T081	C0178602
27566320	2007	2016	augmented	T081	C0205217
27566320	2017	2025	compared	T052	C1707455
27566320	2031	2043	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27566320	2044	2058	administration	T058	C3469597
27566320	2076	2085	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
27566320	2086	2092	plasma	T031	C0032105
27566320	2093	2099	levels	T080	C0441889
27566320	2104	2112	intended	T080	C1283828
27566320	2127	2140	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27566320	2141	2155	administration	T058	C3469597
27566320	2156	2161	times	T079	C0040223
27566320	2172	2180	advanced	T080	C0205179
27566320	2181	2189	compared	T052	C1707455
27566320	2195	2207	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27566320	2208	2222	administration	T058	C3469597

27566564|t|Altered pH gradient at the plasma membrane of osteosarcoma cells is a key mechanism of drug resistance
27566564|a|Current therapy of osteosarcoma (OS), the most common primary bone malignancy, is based on a combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression has been previously associated with treatment failure and progression of OS, although other mechanisms may also play a role. We considered the typical acidic extracellular pH (pHe) of sarcomas, and found that doxorubicin (DXR) cytotoxicity is reduced in P-gp negative OS cells cultured at pHe 6.5 compared to standard 7.4. Short-time (24-48 hours) exposure to low pHe significantly increased the number and acidity of lysosomes, and the combination of DXR with omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor targeting lysosomal acidity, significantly enhanced DXR cytotoxicity. In OS xenografts, the combination treatment of DXR and omeprazole significantly reduced tumor volume and body weight loss. The impaired toxicity of DXR at low pHe was not associated with increased autophagy or lysosomal acidification, but rather, as shown by SNARF staining, with a reversal of the pH gradient at the plasma membrane (ΔpHcm), eventually leading to a reduced DXR intracellular accumulation. Finally, the reversal of ΔpHcm in OS cells promoted resistance not only to DXR, but also to cisplatin and methotrexate, and, to a lesser extent, to vincristine. Altogether, our findings show that, in OS cells, short-term acidosis induces resistance to different chemotherapeutic drugs by a reversal of ΔpHcm, suggesting that buffer therapies or regimens including proton pump inhibitors in combination to low concentrations of conventional anticancer agents may offer novel solutions to overcome drug resistance.
27566564	0	19	Altered pH gradient	T081	C1138565
27566564	27	42	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27566564	46	58	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27566564	59	64	cells	T025	C0007634
27566564	74	83	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27566564	87	102	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27566564	111	118	therapy	T061	C0087111
27566564	122	134	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27566564	136	138	OS	T191	C0029463
27566564	157	180	primary bone malignancy	T191	C4282132
27566564	196	235	combination of surgery and chemotherapy	T061	C0920442
27566564	237	257	Multidrug resistance	T032	C0242640
27566564	270	284	P-glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0242643
27566564	286	290	P-gp	T116,T123	C0242643
27566564	292	306	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27566564	343	360	treatment failure	T033	C0162643
27566564	365	376	progression	T046	C0242656
27566564	380	382	OS	T191	C0029463
27566564	399	409	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27566564	458	481	acidic extracellular pH	T081	C0020283
27566564	483	486	pHe	T081	C0020283
27566564	491	499	sarcomas	T191	C1261473
27566564	516	527	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
27566564	529	532	DXR	T109,T195	C0013089
27566564	534	546	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27566564	550	557	reduced	T080	C0392756
27566564	561	565	P-gp	T028	C0376623
27566564	575	577	OS	T191	C0029463
27566564	578	592	cells cultured	T025	C0007635
27566564	596	599	pHe	T081	C0020283
27566564	630	640	Short-time	T079	C0443303
27566564	655	666	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27566564	671	674	pHe	T081	C0020283
27566564	675	698	significantly increased	T081	C1707919
27566564	714	721	acidity	T034	C0368606
27566564	725	734	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
27566564	744	755	combination	T080	C0205195
27566564	759	762	DXR	T109,T195	C0013089
27566564	768	778	omeprazole	T109,T121	C0028978
27566564	782	803	proton pump inhibitor	T121	C0358591
27566564	814	831	lysosomal acidity	T043	C1156062
27566564	833	855	significantly enhanced	T081	C1707919
27566564	856	859	DXR	T109,T195	C0013089
27566564	860	872	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27566564	877	879	OS	T191	C0029463
27566564	880	890	xenografts	T122	C0522537
27566564	896	917	combination treatment	T061	C0013218
27566564	921	924	DXR	T109,T195	C0013089
27566564	929	939	omeprazole	T109,T121	C0028978
27566564	940	961	significantly reduced	T038	C3890174
27566564	962	974	tumor volume	T081	C0475276
27566564	979	995	body weight loss	T033	C1262477
27566564	1001	1018	impaired toxicity	T037	C0013221
27566564	1022	1025	DXR	T109,T195	C0013089
27566564	1033	1036	pHe	T081	C0020283
27566564	1061	1070	increased	T081	C0205217
27566564	1071	1080	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27566564	1084	1107	lysosomal acidification	T043	C1156062
27566564	1133	1138	SNARF	T130	C0084578
27566564	1139	1147	staining	T059	C0487602
27566564	1156	1164	reversal	T169	C0443290
27566564	1172	1183	pH gradient	T081	C1138565
27566564	1191	1206	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27566564	1208	1213	ΔpHcm	T081	C1138565
27566564	1240	1247	reduced	T080	C0392756
27566564	1248	1251	DXR	T109,T195	C0013089
27566564	1252	1265	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27566564	1266	1278	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27566564	1293	1301	reversal	T169	C0443290
27566564	1305	1310	ΔpHcm	T081	C1138565
27566564	1314	1316	OS	T191	C0029463
27566564	1317	1322	cells	T025	C0007634
27566564	1332	1342	resistance	T169	C4281815
27566564	1355	1358	DXR	T109,T195	C0013089
27566564	1372	1381	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27566564	1386	1398	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
27566564	1428	1439	vincristine	T109,T121	C0042679
27566564	1480	1482	OS	T191	C0029463
27566564	1483	1488	cells	T025	C0007634
27566564	1490	1500	short-term	T079	C0443303
27566564	1501	1509	acidosis	T046	C0001122
27566564	1518	1528	resistance	T169	C4281815
27566564	1542	1564	chemotherapeutic drugs	T109,T121	C0003392
27566564	1570	1578	reversal	T169	C0443290
27566564	1582	1587	ΔpHcm	T081	C1138565
27566564	1605	1611	buffer	T121,T130	C0006353
27566564	1612	1621	therapies	T061	C0087111
27566564	1625	1633	regimens	T170	C2945654
27566564	1644	1666	proton pump inhibitors	T121	C0358591
27566564	1670	1681	combination	T080	C0205195
27566564	1689	1703	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27566564	1720	1737	anticancer agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27566564	1748	1753	novel	T080	C0205314
27566564	1767	1775	overcome	T052	C2983310
27566564	1776	1791	drug resistance	T038	C0013203

27566854|t|Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Fresh versus Frozen Corneal Donor Carriers with Long-Term Follow-up
27566854|a|To compare the long-term clinical outcomes of fresh versus frozen corneal graft carriers for the Boston Keratoprosthesis type 1 (B-KPro). Prospective, single-center, nonblinded, randomized controlled trial. All participants were followed through the initial study protocol of 24 months and were approached to enter an extension phase, with continuing follow-up visits to 60 months. All patients undergoing B-KPro surgery between October 2008 and December 2009 by a single experienced surgeon at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal using an allograft carrier were considered. Patients were excluded if they had previously undergone B-KPro implantation. Participants were randomized individually to receive a B-KPro using a frozen or a fresh corneal graft carrier on the basis of tissue availability on the day of surgery, as determined by the local eye bank. The primary outcome measure was device retention at 24 and 60 months. Secondary outcome measures included surgical feasibility, visual acuity (VA), and complications. Thirty-seven eyes of 37 patients were enrolled in the initial study protocol, with 19 eyes randomized to fresh and 18 to frozen carrier grafts. Thirty-six eyes were followed through to 24 months, with 1 lost to follow-up. Of these, 26 were enrolled in the extension (11 eyes with a frozen and 15 eyes with a fresh carrier graft). There were no differences in the baseline characteristics of patients enrolled in the extension phase versus those who were not. At 60 months, median corrected distance VA) in the fresh group had improved to 20/150 from a baseline of counting fingers, whereas the frozen group improved to 20/400 from a baseline of hand motions. Device retention was 100% at 24 months and 96% at 60 months. There were no significant differences in the rate of complications between groups. Fresh and frozen corneal donors offer similar clinical outcomes when used as carriers for the B-KPro, with no significant differences in device retention, visual rehabilitation, or rates of complications at 24 or 60 months.
27566854	0	30	Boston Keratoprosthesis Type 1	T074	C1261333
27566854	34	61	Randomized Controlled Trial	T062	C0206035
27566854	65	70	Fresh	T080	C0443224
27566854	78	84	Frozen	T080	C1548793
27566854	85	107	Corneal Donor Carriers	T101	C0030705
27566854	113	122	Long-Term	T079	C0443252
27566854	123	132	Follow-up	T058	C1522577
27566854	136	143	compare	T052	C1707455
27566854	148	157	long-term	T079	C0443252
27566854	158	175	clinical outcomes	T169	C1274040
27566854	179	184	fresh	T080	C0443224
27566854	192	198	frozen	T080	C1548793
27566854	199	221	corneal graft carriers	T101	C0030705
27566854	230	260	Boston Keratoprosthesis type 1	T074	C1261333
27566854	262	268	B-KPro	T074	C1261333
27566854	299	309	nonblinded	T077	C2986424
27566854	311	339	randomized controlled trial.	T062	C0206035
27566854	344	356	participants	T098	C0679646
27566854	383	390	initial	T079	C0205265
27566854	391	405	study protocol	T170	C2348563
27566854	412	418	months	T079	C0439231
27566854	451	460	extension	T169	C0231448
27566854	461	466	phase	T079	C0205390
27566854	484	500	follow-up visits	T058	C0589121
27566854	507	513	months	T079	C0439231
27566854	519	527	patients	T101	C0030705
27566854	539	553	B-KPro surgery	T061	C0176217
27566854	605	624	experienced surgeon	T097	C0582175
27566854	639	678	Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal	T073,T093	C0020028
27566854	688	705	allograft carrier	T024	C0348047
27566854	723	731	Patients	T101	C0030705
27566854	737	745	excluded	T052	C2828389
27566854	758	768	previously	T079	C0205156
27566854	779	785	B-KPro	T074	C1261333
27566854	786	798	implantation	T061	C0021107
27566854	800	812	Participants	T098	C0679646
27566854	818	828	randomized	T033	C3815594
27566854	845	852	receive	T080	C1514756
27566854	855	861	B-KPro	T074	C1261333
27566854	870	876	frozen	T080	C1548793
27566854	882	887	fresh	T080	C0443224
27566854	888	909	corneal graft carrier	T024	C0348047
27566854	926	932	tissue	T024	C0040300
27566854	933	945	availability	T169	C0470187
27566854	953	956	day	T079	C0439228
27566854	960	967	surgery	T061	C0543467
27566854	996	1004	eye bank	T073,T093	C0015394
27566854	1018	1033	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
27566854	1038	1054	device retention	T033	C0243095
27566854	1068	1074	months	T079	C0439231
27566854	1112	1132	surgical feasibility	T033	C0243095
27566854	1134	1147	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27566854	1149	1151	VA	T201	C0042812
27566854	1158	1171	complications	T046	C0009566
27566854	1186	1190	eyes	T023	C0015392
27566854	1197	1205	patients	T101	C0030705
27566854	1227	1234	initial	T079	C0205265
27566854	1235	1249	study protocol	T170	C2348563
27566854	1259	1263	eyes	T023	C0015392
27566854	1264	1274	randomized	T062	C0034656
27566854	1278	1283	fresh	T080	C0443224
27566854	1294	1300	frozen	T080	C1548793
27566854	1301	1315	carrier grafts	T024	C0348047
27566854	1328	1332	eyes	T023	C0015392
27566854	1361	1367	months	T079	C0439231
27566854	1384	1393	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27566854	1429	1438	extension	T169	C0231448
27566854	1443	1447	eyes	T023	C0015392
27566854	1455	1461	frozen	T080	C1548793
27566854	1469	1473	eyes	T023	C0015392
27566854	1481	1486	fresh	T080	C0443224
27566854	1487	1500	carrier graft	T024	C0348047
27566854	1514	1528	no differences	T033	C3842396
27566854	1536	1544	baseline	T081	C1442488
27566854	1545	1560	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27566854	1564	1572	patients	T101	C0030705
27566854	1589	1598	extension	T169	C0231448
27566854	1599	1604	phase	T079	C0205390
27566854	1638	1644	months	T079	C0439231
27566854	1672	1674	VA	T201	C0042812
27566854	1683	1694	fresh group	T078	C0441833
27566854	1699	1707	improved	T033	C0184511
27566854	1725	1733	baseline	T081	C1442488
27566854	1767	1779	frozen group	T078	C0441833
27566854	1780	1788	improved	T033	C0184511
27566854	1806	1814	baseline	T081	C1442488
27566854	1832	1848	Device retention	T033	C0243095
27566854	1864	1870	months	T079	C0439231
27566854	1885	1891	months	T079	C0439231
27566854	1919	1930	differences	T080	C1705242
27566854	1938	1942	rate	T081	C1521828
27566854	1946	1959	complications	T046	C0009566
27566854	1968	1974	groups	T078	C0441833
27566854	1976	1981	Fresh	T080	C0443224
27566854	1986	1992	frozen	T080	C1548793
27566854	1993	2007	corneal donors	T098	C0524358
27566854	2022	2039	clinical outcomes	T169	C1274040
27566854	2053	2061	carriers	T024	C0348047
27566854	2070	2076	B-KPro	T074	C1261333
27566854	2098	2109	differences	T080	C1705242
27566854	2113	2129	device retention	T033	C0243095
27566854	2131	2152	visual rehabilitation	T033	C0243095
27566854	2157	2162	rates	T081	C1521828
27566854	2166	2179	complications	T046	C0009566
27566854	2192	2198	months	T079	C0439231

27567148|t|Impact of an Educational Intervention to Improve Antibiotic Prescribing for Nurse Practitioners in a Pediatric Urgent Care Center
27567148|a|Up to 21% of pediatric visits result in an antibiotic prescription, and a large portion of these are unnecessary. To determine if educational sessions would reduce inappropriate antibiotic use. Intervention study evaluating antibiotic prescribing following educational sessions for urinary tract infection, skin and soft tissue infection, pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, acute otitis media, and acute bacterial sinusitis. A total of 26 out of 43 (60%) nurse practitioners in 4 urgent care centers were enrolled in the study. The rate of inappropriate antibiotic use among all conditions was 10% before and 8% after the intervention (p = .02). A decrease in inappropriate antibiotic prescribing was seen after the educational session (p < .01). The most common reasons for inappropriate antibiotic prescribing were too broad (41%), wrong dosage (22%), and not indicated (17%). Educational sessions led to improvement in overall inappropriate antibiotic use. Additional stewardship interventions are needed to further reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
27567148	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27567148	13	37	Educational Intervention	T061	C0281163
27567148	41	48	Improve	T033	C0184511
27567148	49	59	Antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27567148	60	71	Prescribing	T058	C2239117
27567148	76	95	Nurse Practitioners	T097	C0028657
27567148	101	110	Pediatric	T100	C0008059
27567148	111	129	Urgent Care Center	T073,T093	C1710587
27567148	143	159	pediatric visits	T058	C1444717
27567148	173	183	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27567148	184	196	prescription	T058	C0033080
27567148	260	280	educational sessions	T065	C1276369
27567148	287	293	reduce	T080	C0392756
27567148	294	307	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
27567148	308	318	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27567148	319	322	use	T169	C0457083
27567148	324	342	Intervention study	T170	C1096775
27567148	343	353	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27567148	354	364	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27567148	365	376	prescribing	T058	C2239117
27567148	387	407	educational sessions	T065	C1276369
27567148	412	435	urinary tract infection	T047	C0042029
27567148	437	441	skin	T047	C0037278
27567148	446	467	soft tissue infection	T047	C0149778
27567148	469	480	pharyngitis	T047	C0031350
27567148	482	515	upper respiratory tract infection	T047	C0041912
27567148	517	535	acute otitis media	T047	C0271429
27567148	541	566	acute bacterial sinusitis	T047	C0275556
27567148	598	617	nurse practitioners	T097	C0028657
27567148	623	642	urgent care centers	T073,T093	C1710587
27567148	648	656	enrolled	T058	C1516879
27567148	664	669	study	T062	C2603343
27567148	675	679	rate	T081	C1521828
27567148	683	696	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
27567148	697	707	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27567148	708	711	use	T169	C0457083
27567148	765	777	intervention	T061	C0184661
27567148	791	799	decrease	T081	C0547047
27567148	803	816	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
27567148	817	827	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27567148	828	839	prescribing	T058	C2239117
27567148	859	878	educational session	T065	C1276369
27567148	918	931	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
27567148	932	942	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27567148	943	954	prescribing	T058	C2239117
27567148	977	989	wrong dosage	T033	C3845820
27567148	1001	1014	not indicated	T033	C1444655
27567148	1022	1042	Educational sessions	T065	C1276369
27567148	1050	1061	improvement	T077	C2986411
27567148	1073	1086	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
27567148	1087	1097	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27567148	1098	1101	use	T169	C0457083
27567148	1114	1125	stewardship	T170	C1554086
27567148	1126	1139	interventions	T061	C0184661
27567148	1162	1168	reduce	T080	C0392756
27567148	1181	1191	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27567148	1192	1195	use	T169	C0457083

27567226|t|Interleukin-15 as a potential new target in Sjögren's syndrome - associated inflammation
27567226|a|IL-15 is a key regulatory cytokine that shares many biological properties with IL-2. Recently, it has been shown that IL-15 could be up-regulated in T cell -mediated inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the role and expression of IL-15 in the inflammatory autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome (SS) has not been investigated. In the present study we evaluated the expression of IL-15 mRNA and protein in minor salivary gland (MSG) biopsy specimens and in human salivary gland epithelial cell (SGEC) cultures obtained from patients with primary SS (pSS) and compared their expression with that seen in normal healthy control subjects. IL-15 gene and protein analysis revealed that SGEC are able to produce IL-15. Results obtained demonstrated that the number of IL-15(+) cultured SGEC was significantly higher in cells derived from patients with pSS in comparison with SGEC from healthy subjects; similar results were obtained for IL-15 immunoreactivity by using immunohistochemistry that revealed a strong expression both in acinar and in ductal cells from pSS MSG. These studies could provide a rational basis to determine whether IL-15 could be a good candidate for anti-cytokine therapy in chronic inflammatory pSS diseases.
27567226	0	14	Interleukin-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27567226	20	29	potential	T080	C3245505
27567226	34	40	target	T169	C1521840
27567226	44	62	Sjögren's syndrome	T047	C1527336
27567226	65	75	associated	T080	C0332281
27567226	76	88	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27567226	89	94	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27567226	104	123	regulatory cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27567226	141	162	biological properties	T080	C0205556
27567226	168	172	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27567226	207	212	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27567226	222	234	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27567226	238	244	T cell	T025	C0039194
27567226	255	277	inflammatory disorders	T047	C1290884
27567226	287	307	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27567226	312	339	inflammatory bowel diseases	T047	C0021390
27567226	363	373	expression	T045	C0017262
27567226	377	382	IL-15	T028	C1334105
27567226	390	421	inflammatory autoimmune disease	T047	C0004364
27567226	422	440	Sjögren's syndrome	T047	C1527336
27567226	442	444	SS	T047	C1527336
27567226	459	471	investigated	T169	C1292732
27567226	488	493	study	T062	C2603343
27567226	511	521	expression	T045	C0017262
27567226	525	535	IL-15 mRNA	T028	C1334105
27567226	540	547	protein	T116,T129	C0254610
27567226	551	571	minor salivary gland	T023	C0036099
27567226	573	576	MSG	T023	C0036099
27567226	578	594	biopsy specimens	T024	C0677862
27567226	602	607	human	T016	C0086418
27567226	608	622	salivary gland	T023	C0036098
27567226	623	638	epithelial cell	T025	C0014597
27567226	640	644	SGEC	T025	C0014597
27567226	646	654	cultures	T059	C1331092
27567226	655	663	obtained	T169	C1301820
27567226	669	677	patients	T101	C0030705
27567226	683	693	primary SS	T047	C0151449
27567226	695	698	pSS	T047	C0151449
27567226	704	712	compared	T052	C1707455
27567226	719	729	expression	T045	C0017262
27567226	748	754	normal	T080	C0205307
27567226	755	762	healthy	T080	C3898900
27567226	763	779	control subjects	T096	C0009932
27567226	781	791	IL-15 gene	T028	C1334105
27567226	796	803	protein	T116,T129	C0254610
27567226	804	812	analysis	T062	C0936012
27567226	813	821	revealed	T080	C0443289
27567226	827	831	SGEC	T025	C0014597
27567226	844	851	produce	T169	C0205245
27567226	852	857	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27567226	859	866	Results	T169	C1274040
27567226	867	875	obtained	T169	C1301820
27567226	898	904	number	T081	C0237753
27567226	908	916	IL-15(+)	T028	C1334105
27567226	917	930	cultured SGEC	T025	C0007635
27567226	935	955	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27567226	959	964	cells	T025	C0007634
27567226	978	986	patients	T101	C0030705
27567226	992	995	pSS	T047	C0151449
27567226	999	1009	comparison	T052	C1707455
27567226	1015	1019	SGEC	T025	C0014597
27567226	1025	1041	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27567226	1051	1058	results	T169	C1274040
27567226	1064	1072	obtained	T169	C1301820
27567226	1077	1082	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27567226	1083	1099	immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
27567226	1109	1129	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27567226	1135	1143	revealed	T080	C0443289
27567226	1153	1163	expression	T045	C0017262
27567226	1172	1178	acinar	T025	C0596030
27567226	1186	1198	ductal cells	T025	C1179554
27567226	1204	1207	pSS	T047	C0151449
27567226	1208	1211	MSG	T023	C0036099
27567226	1261	1270	determine	T080	C0521095
27567226	1279	1284	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27567226	1315	1336	anti-cytokine therapy	T061	C0281178
27567226	1340	1360	chronic inflammatory	T046	C0021376
27567226	1361	1364	pSS	T047	C0151449
27567226	1365	1373	diseases	T047	C0012634

27567951|t|Hypo-Vascular Liver Metastases Treated with Transarterial chemoembolization: Assessment of Early Response by Volumetric Contrast-Enhanced and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging
27567951|a|To evaluate the value of anatomic and volumetric functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early assessment of response to trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hypovascular liver metastases. This retrospective study included 52 metastatic lesions (42 targeted and 10 non-targeted) in 17 patients who underwent MRI before and early after TACE. Two reviewers reported response by anatomic criteria (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor [RECIST], modified RECIST [mRECIST], and European Association for the Study of Liver Disease [EASL]) and functional criteria (volumetric apparent diffusion coefficient and contrast enhancement). treatment endpoint was RECIST at 6 months. A 2-sample paired t test was used to compare the mean changes after intra-arterial therapy. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Reduction in mRECIST and EASL at 1 month was significant in the whole cohort as well as in responders by RECIST at 6 months, and the changes fulfilled partial response criteria for both metrics in responders. Responders also had significant changes in volumetric apparent diffusion coefficient (P = .01 and P = .03) and contrast enhancement (P < .0001 and P < .0001) at 1 month for both readers, respectively. At 1 month post treatment, responders did not fulfill RECIST criteria but fulfilled mRECIST and EASL criteria. In addition, volumetric contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI may be helpful in evaluating early treatment response after TACE in hypovascular liver metastases in patients who have failed to respond to initial chemotherapy.
27567951	0	13	Hypo-Vascular	T033	C1287688
27567951	14	30	Liver Metastases	T191	C0494165
27567951	31	43	Treated with	T061	C0332293
27567951	44	75	Transarterial chemoembolization	T061	C3539919
27567951	77	87	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27567951	91	96	Early	T079	C1279919
27567951	97	105	Response	T201	C0521982
27567951	109	119	Volumetric	T082	C0445383
27567951	120	137	Contrast-Enhanced	T060	C1707501
27567951	142	187	Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C0598801
27567951	213	221	anatomic	T080	C0220784
27567951	226	236	volumetric	T082	C0445383
27567951	237	247	functional	T169	C0205245
27567951	248	274	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27567951	276	279	MRI	T060	C0024485
27567951	284	289	early	T079	C1279919
27567951	290	312	assessment of response	T201	C0521982
27567951	316	348	trans-arterial chemoembolization	T061	C3539919
27567951	350	354	TACE	T061	C3539919
27567951	359	371	hypovascular	T033	C1287688
27567951	372	388	liver metastases	T191	C0494165
27567951	395	414	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27567951	427	445	metastatic lesions	T033	C1513183
27567951	450	458	targeted	T098	C0039309
27567951	486	494	patients	T101	C0030705
27567951	509	512	MRI	T060	C0024485
27567951	513	519	before	T079	C0332152
27567951	524	529	early	T079	C1279919
27567951	536	540	TACE	T061	C3539919
27567951	546	555	reviewers	T098	C1882950
27567951	565	573	response	T201	C0521982
27567951	577	585	anatomic	T080	C0220784
27567951	586	594	criteria	T078	C0243161
27567951	596	639	Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumor	T170	C1709926
27567951	641	647	RECIST	T170	C1709926
27567951	650	665	modified RECIST	T170	C1709926
27567951	667	674	mRECIST	T170	C1709926
27567951	681	732	European Association for the Study of Liver Disease	T093	C0596660
27567951	734	738	EASL	T093	C0596660
27567951	745	755	functional	T169	C0205245
27567951	756	764	criteria	T078	C0243161
27567951	766	776	volumetric	T082	C0445383
27567951	777	807	apparent diffusion coefficient	T077	C3890194
27567951	812	832	contrast enhancement	T080	C2985747
27567951	835	844	treatment	T061	C0087111
27567951	845	853	endpoint	T080	C2349179
27567951	858	864	RECIST	T170	C1709926
27567951	880	902	2-sample paired t test	T170	C1709451
27567951	915	922	compare	T052	C1707455
27567951	932	939	changes	T169	C0392747
27567951	946	968	intra-arterial therapy	T061	C3865755
27567951	993	1018	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27567951	1020	1029	Reduction	T061	C0441610
27567951	1033	1040	mRECIST	T170	C1709926
27567951	1045	1049	EASL	T093	C0596660
27567951	1065	1076	significant	T078	C0750502
27567951	1090	1096	cohort	T098	C0599755
27567951	1111	1121	responders	T033	C0919876
27567951	1125	1131	RECIST	T170	C1709926
27567951	1171	1187	partial response	T201	C0521982
27567951	1188	1196	criteria	T078	C0243161
27567951	1217	1227	responders	T033	C0919876
27567951	1229	1239	Responders	T033	C0919876
27567951	1249	1260	significant	T078	C0750502
27567951	1261	1268	changes	T169	C0392747
27567951	1272	1282	volumetric	T082	C0445383
27567951	1283	1313	apparent diffusion coefficient	T077	C3890194
27567951	1441	1455	post treatment	T079	C2709088
27567951	1457	1467	responders	T033	C0919876
27567951	1476	1483	fulfill	T067	C1550543
27567951	1484	1490	RECIST	T170	C1709926
27567951	1491	1499	criteria	T078	C0243161
27567951	1514	1521	mRECIST	T170	C1709926
27567951	1526	1530	EASL	T093	C0596660
27567951	1531	1539	criteria	T078	C0243161
27567951	1541	1552	In addition	T169	C0332287
27567951	1554	1564	volumetric	T082	C0445383
27567951	1565	1582	contrast-enhanced	T060	C1707501
27567951	1587	1609	diffusion-weighted MRI	T060	C0598801
27567951	1639	1644	early	T079	C1279919
27567951	1645	1663	treatment response	T201	C0521982
27567951	1670	1674	TACE	T061	C3539919
27567951	1678	1690	hypovascular	T033	C1287688
27567951	1691	1707	liver metastases	T191	C0494165
27567951	1711	1719	patients	T101	C0030705
27567951	1750	1771	initial chemotherapy.	T061	C3665472

27568025|t|Foliar uptake of fog in coastal California shrub species
27568025|a|Understanding plant water uptake is important in ecosystems that experience periodic drought. In many Mediterranean -type climates like coastal California, plants are subject to significant drought and wildfire disturbance. During the dry summer months, coastal shrub species are often exposed to leaf wetting from overnight fog events. This study sought to determine whether foliar uptake of fog occurs in shrub species and how this uptake affects physiology and fuel condition. In a controlled greenhouse experiment, dominant California shrub species were exposed to isotopically labeled fog water and plant responses were measured. Potted plants were covered at the base to prevent root uptake. The deuterium label was detected in the leaves of four out of five species and in the stems of two of the species. While there was a minimal effect of foliar water uptake on live fuel moisture, several species had lower xylem tension and greater photosynthetic rates after overnight fog treatments, especially Salvia leucophylla. Coastal fog may provide a moisture source for many species during the summer drought, but the utilization of this water source may vary based on foliar morphology, phenology and plant water balance. From this study, it appears that drought -deciduous species (Artemisia californica and Salvia leucophylla) benefit more from overnight fog events than evergreen species (Adenostoma fasciculatum, Baccharis pilularis and Ceanothus megacarpus). This differential response to fog exposure among California shrub species may affect species distributions and physiological tolerances under future climate scenarios.
27568025	0	6	Foliar	T002	C0032098
27568025	7	13	uptake	T039	C0243144
27568025	17	20	fog	T070	C0450030
27568025	24	42	coastal California	T083	C0006754
27568025	43	48	shrub	T002	C0032098
27568025	49	56	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	71	76	plant	T002	C0032098
27568025	77	89	water uptake	T040	C0013123
27568025	106	116	ecosystems	T070	C0162358
27568025	133	141	periodic	T079	C0332182
27568025	142	149	drought	T070	C0013140
27568025	159	172	Mediterranean	T083	C0282645
27568025	179	187	climates	T070	C0008946
27568025	193	211	coastal California	T083	C0006754
27568025	213	219	plants	T002	C0032098
27568025	247	254	drought	T070	C0013140
27568025	259	267	wildfire	T070	C1254365
27568025	268	279	disturbance	T080	C2699787
27568025	296	302	summer	T079	C0241301
27568025	303	309	months	T079	C0439231
27568025	311	318	coastal	T083	C0017446
27568025	319	324	shrub	T002	C0032098
27568025	325	332	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	354	358	leaf	T002	C0242724
27568025	359	366	wetting	T080	C0205381
27568025	372	381	overnight	T079	C0439583
27568025	382	385	fog	T070	C0450030
27568025	386	392	events	T051	C0441471
27568025	433	439	foliar	T002	C0032098
27568025	440	446	uptake	T039	C0243144
27568025	450	453	fog	T070	C0450030
27568025	464	469	shrub	T002	C0032098
27568025	470	477	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	491	497	uptake	T040	C0013123
27568025	506	516	physiology	T039	C0031843
27568025	553	574	greenhouse experiment	T069	C0206218
27568025	585	595	California	T083	C0006754
27568025	596	601	shrub	T002	C0032098
27568025	602	609	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	615	625	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27568025	626	646	isotopically labeled	T062	C0022261
27568025	647	650	fog	T070	C0450030
27568025	651	656	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27568025	661	666	plant	T002	C0032098
27568025	667	676	responses	T032	C0871261
27568025	682	690	measured	T080	C0444706
27568025	699	705	plants	T002	C0032098
27568025	742	746	root	T002	C0242726
27568025	747	753	uptake	T040	C0013123
27568025	759	768	deuterium	T196	C0011744
27568025	795	801	leaves	T002	C0242724
27568025	822	829	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	841	846	stems	T002	C0242767
27568025	861	868	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	896	905	effect of	T080	C1704420
27568025	906	912	foliar	T002	C0032098
27568025	913	925	water uptake	T040	C0013123
27568025	939	947	moisture	T167	C0868994
27568025	957	964	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	975	980	xylem	T002	C1720877
27568025	981	988	tension	T070	C1254365
27568025	1001	1021	photosynthetic rates	T070	C0031764
27568025	1028	1037	overnight	T079	C0439583
27568025	1038	1041	fog	T070	C0450030
27568025	1042	1052	treatments	T169	C1522326
27568025	1065	1083	Salvia leucophylla	T002	C1943240
27568025	1085	1092	Coastal	T083	C0017446
27568025	1093	1096	fog	T070	C0450030
27568025	1111	1119	moisture	T167	C0868994
27568025	1136	1143	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	1155	1161	summer	T079	C0241301
27568025	1162	1169	drought	T070	C0013140
27568025	1199	1211	water source	T081	C0043062
27568025	1230	1247	foliar morphology	T032	C0597253
27568025	1249	1258	phenology	T080	C0205556
27568025	1263	1268	plant	T002	C0032098
27568025	1269	1282	water balance	T040	C0016284
27568025	1317	1324	drought	T070	C0013140
27568025	1336	1343	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	1345	1366	Artemisia californica	T002	C0487793
27568025	1371	1389	Salvia leucophylla	T002	C1943240
27568025	1409	1418	overnight	T079	C0439583
27568025	1419	1422	fog	T070	C0450030
27568025	1423	1429	events	T051	C0441471
27568025	1445	1452	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	1454	1477	Adenostoma fasciculatum	T002	C1068315
27568025	1479	1498	Baccharis pilularis	T002	C0032098
27568025	1503	1523	Ceanothus megacarpus	T002	C1030155
27568025	1544	1552	response	T032	C0871261
27568025	1556	1559	fog	T070	C0450030
27568025	1560	1568	exposure	T080	C0332157
27568025	1575	1585	California	T083	C0006754
27568025	1586	1591	shrub	T002	C0032098
27568025	1592	1599	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	1611	1618	species	T185	C1705920
27568025	1619	1632	distributions	T169	C1704711
27568025	1637	1650	physiological	T169	C0205463
27568025	1651	1661	tolerances	T080	C1704410
27568025	1675	1682	climate	T070	C0008946
27568025	1683	1692	scenarios	T169	C0683579

27568206|t|AKT / GSK3β Signaling in Glioblastoma
27568206|a|Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive of primary brain tumors. Despite the progress in understanding the biology of the pathogenesis of glioma made during the past decade, the clinical outcome of patients with GBM remains still poor. Deregulation of many signaling pathways involved in growth, survival, migration and resistance to treatment has been implicated in pathogenesis of GBM. One of these pathways is phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) / rapamycin-sensitive mTOR-complex (mTOR) pathway, intensively studied and widely described so far. Much less attention has been paid to the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β), a target of AKT. In this review we focus on the function of AKT / GSK3β signaling in GBM.
27568206	0	3	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
27568206	6	11	GSK3β	T116,T126	C0244988
27568206	12	21	Signaling	T044	C0037080
27568206	25	37	Glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
27568206	38	50	Glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
27568206	52	55	GBM	T191	C0017636
27568206	91	103	brain tumors	T191	C0006118
27568206	147	154	biology	T091	C0005532
27568206	162	174	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27568206	178	184	glioma	T191	C0017638
27568206	218	234	clinical outcome	T034	C0456984
27568206	238	246	patients	T101	C0030705
27568206	252	255	GBM	T191	C0017636
27568206	270	274	poor	T080	C0542537
27568206	276	288	Deregulation	T052	C1880287
27568206	297	315	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27568206	328	334	growth	T191	C1516170
27568206	336	344	survival	T169	C0220921
27568206	346	355	migration	T191	C0027627
27568206	360	370	resistance	T169	C4281815
27568206	374	383	treatment	T061	C0087111
27568206	407	419	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27568206	423	426	GBM	T191	C0017636
27568206	441	449	pathways	T044	C0037080
27568206	453	513	phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)	T169	C2984369
27568206	516	563	rapamycin-sensitive mTOR-complex (mTOR) pathway	T044	C1515673
27568206	663	691	glycogen synthase kinase 3 β	T116,T126	C0244988
27568206	693	698	GSK3β	T116,T126	C0244988
27568206	713	716	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
27568206	749	757	function	T169	C0542341
27568206	761	764	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
27568206	767	772	GSK3β	T116,T126	C0244988
27568206	773	782	signaling	T044	C0037080
27568206	786	789	GBM	T191	C0017636

27568284|t|Zika Virus Disrupts Phospho-TBK1 Localization and Mitosis in Human Neuroepithelial Stem Cells and Radial Glia
27568284|a|The mechanisms underlying Zika virus (ZIKV)-related microcephaly and other neurodevelopment defects remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the derivation and characterization, including single-cell RNA-seq, of neocortical and spinal cord neuroepithelial stem (NES) cells to model early human neurodevelopment and ZIKV -related neuropathogenesis. By analyzing human NES cells, organotypic fetal brain slices, and a ZIKV - infected micrencephalic brain, we show that ZIKV infects both neocortical and spinal NES cells as well as their fetal homolog, radial glial cells (RGCs), causing disrupted mitoses, supernumerary centrosomes, structural disorganization, and cell death. ZIKV infection of NES cells and RGCs causes centrosomal depletion and mitochondrial sequestration of phospho-TBK1 during mitosis. We also found that nucleoside analogs inhibit ZIKV replication in NES cells, protecting them from ZIKV - induced pTBK1 relocalization and cell death. We established a model system of human neural stem cells to reveal cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental defects associated with ZIKV infection and its potential treatment.
27568284	0	10	Zika Virus	T005	C0318793
27568284	11	19	Disrupts	T080	C0332454
27568284	20	32	Phospho-TBK1	T116,T126	C1449326
27568284	33	45	Localization	T043	C1159772
27568284	50	57	Mitosis	T043	C0026255
27568284	61	66	Human	T016	C0086418
27568284	67	82	Neuroepithelial	T080	C1518280
27568284	83	93	Stem Cells	T025	C0038250
27568284	98	109	Radial Glia	T025	C3661481
27568284	114	124	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27568284	136	146	Zika virus	T005	C0318793
27568284	148	152	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27568284	162	174	microcephaly	T019	C0025958
27568284	185	201	neurodevelopment	T042	C0599855
27568284	202	209	defects	T169	C1457869
27568284	217	223	poorly	T080	C0205169
27568284	224	234	understood	T041	C0162340
27568284	258	268	derivation	T080	C1441547
27568284	273	289	characterization	T052	C1880022
27568284	301	320	single-cell RNA-seq	T086	C0162327
27568284	325	336	neocortical	T023	C0175173
27568284	341	352	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
27568284	353	368	neuroepithelial	T080	C1518280
27568284	369	385	stem (NES) cells	T025	C0038250
27568284	395	400	early	T079	C1279919
27568284	401	406	human	T016	C0086418
27568284	407	423	neurodevelopment	T042	C0599855
27568284	428	432	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27568284	442	459	neuropathogenesis	T047	C1518296
27568284	474	479	human	T016	C0086418
27568284	480	489	NES cells	T025	C0038250
27568284	491	502	organotypic	T080	C0205556
27568284	503	508	fetal	T018	C0015965
27568284	509	514	brain	T023	C0006104
27568284	515	521	slices	T167	C1519355
27568284	529	533	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27568284	536	544	infected	T033	C0439663
27568284	545	559	micrencephalic	T019	C0025958
27568284	560	565	brain	T023	C0006104
27568284	580	584	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27568284	585	592	infects	T033	C0439663
27568284	598	609	neocortical	T023	C0175173
27568284	614	620	spinal	T023	C0037925
27568284	621	630	NES cells	T025	C0038250
27568284	648	653	fetal	T018	C0015965
27568284	663	681	radial glial cells	T025	C3661481
27568284	683	687	RGCs	T025	C3661481
27568284	698	707	disrupted	T080	C0332454
27568284	708	715	mitoses	T043	C0026255
27568284	717	730	supernumerary	T081	C1883702
27568284	731	742	centrosomes	T026	C0242608
27568284	744	754	structural	T082	C0678594
27568284	755	770	disorganization	T033	C4061689
27568284	776	786	cell death	T043	C0007587
27568284	788	802	ZIKV infection	T047	C0276289
27568284	806	815	NES cells	T025	C0038250
27568284	820	824	RGCs	T025	C3661481
27568284	832	843	centrosomal	T026	C0242608
27568284	844	853	depletion	T169	C0333668
27568284	858	871	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27568284	872	885	sequestration	T169	C0443301
27568284	889	901	phospho-TBK1	T116,T126	C1449326
27568284	909	916	mitosis	T043	C0026255
27568284	937	955	nucleoside analogs	T114,T121	C1579410
27568284	956	963	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27568284	964	968	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27568284	969	980	replication	T043	C0042774
27568284	984	993	NES cells	T025	C0038250
27568284	1016	1020	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27568284	1023	1030	induced	T169	C0205263
27568284	1031	1036	pTBK1	T116,T126	C1449326
27568284	1037	1051	relocalization	T043	C0007613
27568284	1056	1066	cell death	T043	C0007587
27568284	1071	1082	established	T080	C0443211
27568284	1085	1097	model system	T170	C3161035
27568284	1101	1106	human	T016	C0086418
27568284	1107	1124	neural stem cells	T025	C1113654
27568284	1135	1143	cellular	T025	C0007634
27568284	1148	1157	molecular	T080	C1521991
27568284	1158	1168	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27568284	1180	1198	neurodevelopmental	T042	C0599855
27568284	1199	1206	defects	T169	C1457869
27568284	1207	1222	associated with	T080	C0332281
27568284	1223	1237	ZIKV infection	T047	C0276289
27568284	1246	1255	potential	T080	C3245505
27568284	1256	1265	treatment	T061	C0087111

27568582|t|A Whole-Body Approach to Point of Care Ultrasound
27568582|a|Ultrasonography is an essential imaging modality in the ICU used to diagnose and guide the treatment of cardiopulmonary failure. Critical care ultrasonography requires that all image acquisition, image interpretation, and clinical applications of ultrasonography are personally performed by the critical care clinician at the point of care and that the information obtained is combined with the history, physical, and laboratory information. Point-of-care ultrasonography is often compartmentalized such that the clinician will focus on one body system while performing the critical care ultrasonography examination. We suggest a change from this compartmentalized approach to a systematic whole-body ultrasonography approach. The standard whole-body ultrasonography examination includes thoracic, cardiac, limited abdominal, and an evaluation for DVT. Other elements of ultrasonography are used when clinically indicated. Each of these elements is reviewed in this article and are accompanied by a link to pertinent cases from the Ultrasound Corner section of CHEST.
27568582	2	12	Whole-Body	T017	C0444584
27568582	25	38	Point of Care	T078	C1547702
27568582	39	49	Ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27568582	50	65	Ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27568582	82	98	imaging modality	T169	C1275506
27568582	106	109	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27568582	118	126	diagnose	T033	C0011900
27568582	131	136	guide	T170	C0681467
27568582	141	150	treatment	T061	C0087111
27568582	154	177	cardiopulmonary failure	T046	C1444565
27568582	179	192	Critical care	T058	C0199332
27568582	193	208	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27568582	227	244	image acquisition	T066	C1708464
27568582	246	266	image interpretation	T060,T062	C0020910
27568582	272	280	clinical	T080	C0205210
27568582	297	312	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27568582	345	358	critical care	T058	C0199332
27568582	359	368	clinician	T097	C0871685
27568582	376	389	point of care	T078	C1547702
27568582	445	452	history	T033	C0262926
27568582	454	462	physical	T169	C0205485
27568582	468	490	laboratory information	UnknownType	C0677075
27568582	492	505	Point-of-care	T078	C1547702
27568582	506	521	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27568582	531	548	compartmentalized	T033	C1880150
27568582	563	572	clinician	T097	C0871685
27568582	591	602	body system	T022	C0460002
27568582	624	637	critical care	T058	C0199332
27568582	638	653	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27568582	654	665	examination	T058	C0582103
27568582	697	723	compartmentalized approach	T033	C1880150
27568582	729	739	systematic	T169	C0220922
27568582	740	750	whole-body	T017	C0444584
27568582	751	775	ultrasonography approach	T060	C0041618
27568582	790	800	whole-body	T017	C0444584
27568582	801	816	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27568582	817	828	examination	T058	C0582103
27568582	838	846	thoracic	T029	C0817096
27568582	848	855	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27568582	865	874	abdominal	T029	C0000726
27568582	883	893	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27568582	898	901	DVT	T047	C0149871
27568582	921	936	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27568582	951	961	clinically	T080	C0205210
27568582	999	1007	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27568582	1057	1072	pertinent cases	T081	C1301772
27568582	1082	1116	Ultrasound Corner section of CHEST	T073,T170	C0162443

27568672|t|Diagnosing a rare case of desmoplastic small round cell tumour on liver biopsy
27568672|a|A 50- year -old male of Indian descent presented with jaundice and right hypochondrium pain. Following a computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen, a segment 7 liver lesion was visualized, accompanied by extensive peritoneal tumour deposits. An ultrasound guided liver biopsy was performed and histology showed loose nests and sheets of tumour cells with a small blue round cell morphology. The tumour cells showed patchy strong immunopositivity for cytokeratins (AE1/3, CK7, CK19) and synaptophysin, while showing diffuse strong perinuclear positivity for desmin. Interphase fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) study using EWSR1 breakapart probe was positive for EWSR1 gene rearrangement. Desmoplastic small round cell tumour is a rare but aggressive intra-abdominal mesenchymal tumour. While the primary sites of involvement are usually the peritoneum and omentum, visceral involvement can occur. We wish to highlight the importance of considering this entity when evaluating a liver biopsy especially in a less than classical clinical context.
27568672	0	10	Diagnosing	T062	C1704656
27568672	26	62	desmoplastic small round cell tumour	T191	C0281508
27568672	66	78	liver biopsy	T060	C0193388
27568672	85	89	year	T079	C0439234
27568672	95	99	male	T032	C0086582
27568672	103	117	Indian descent	T098	C1524069
27568672	133	141	jaundice	T033	C2010848
27568672	146	170	right hypochondrium pain	T184	C0235299
27568672	184	213	computed tomography (CT) scan	T060	C0040405
27568672	221	228	abdomen	T029	C0000726
27568672	232	254	segment 7 liver lesion	T033	C0577053
27568672	259	269	visualized	T169	C0234621
27568672	296	306	peritoneal	T029	C0442034
27568672	307	313	tumour	T191	C0027651
27568672	314	322	deposits	T169	C0333562
27568672	327	357	ultrasound guided liver biopsy	T060	C0860886
27568672	376	385	histology	T091	C0019638
27568672	393	404	loose nests	T082	C1254362
27568672	409	415	sheets	T082	C0439643
27568672	419	431	tumour cells	T025	C0597032
27568672	439	471	small blue round cell morphology	T201	C1521816
27568672	477	489	tumour cells	T025	C0597032
27568672	511	527	immunopositivity	T033	C0243095
27568672	532	544	cytokeratins	T116	C0010803
27568672	546	551	AE1/3	T116	C0010803
27568672	553	556	CK7	T116	C0672250
27568672	558	562	CK19	T116,T123	C4082253
27568672	568	581	synaptophysin	T116,T123	C0085255
27568672	612	634	perinuclear positivity	T033	C0243095
27568672	639	645	desmin	T116,T123	C0011696
27568672	647	692	Interphase fluorescence in-situ hybridization	T063	C0162789
27568672	694	698	FISH	T063	C0162789
27568672	700	705	study	T062	C0008972
27568672	712	734	EWSR1 breakapart probe	T130	C0016321
27568672	739	747	positive	T033	C1446409
27568672	752	757	EWSR1	T028	C0808901
27568672	758	776	gene rearrangement	T045	C0017287
27568672	778	814	Desmoplastic small round cell tumour	T191	C0281508
27568672	840	855	intra-abdominal	T082	C1512910
27568672	856	874	mesenchymal tumour	T191	C0025464
27568672	886	899	primary sites	T082	C0449695
27568672	903	914	involvement	T169	C1314939
27568672	931	941	peritoneum	T024	C0031153
27568672	946	953	omentum	T023	C0028977
27568672	955	963	visceral	T082	C0442045
27568672	964	975	involvement	T169	C1314939
27568672	1068	1080	liver biopsy	T060	C0193388
27568672	1117	1133	clinical context	T078	C0449255

27569032|t|A biodistribution study of solid lipid-polyethyleneimine hybrid nanocarrier for cancer RNAi therapy
27569032|a|Solid lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarrier (LPN) was previously reported to achieve high siRNA transfection efficiency and induce sustained RNAi -based chemosensitizing effect at cellular level. In this study, our objectives were to evaluate the in vivo biodistribution of LPNs in a prostate cancer model and determine the factors that potentially affect tumor penetration by LPNs. The LPN formulation with the highest transfection efficiency (64%) and stability was selected for the study. Mice bearing tumors of PC-3Mcells were treated with LPNs labeled with IR780 or AF647 - siRNA. Near infrared imaging showed that LPNs achieved favorable in vivo biodistribution with high tumor /low organ ratios. LPN accumulation was also observed in liver metastatic tissue. Result of extravasation study confirmed that encapsulated siRNA molecules were able to escape into the tumor tissue at the extravascular area. When LPN levels in large (volume >750mm(3)) and small (<500mm(3)) tumors were compared, no significant difference was observed. However, both docetaxel pretreatment (72hbefore LPN) and concurrent docetaxel treatment significantly enhanced the tumor LPN levels by 3.9- and 3.1-fold, respectively (both p<0.01). In conclusion, LPN is a promising carrier system to deliver RNAi therapy to solid malignancies that also receive chemotherapy.
27569032	2	17	biodistribution	T169	C1704711
27569032	18	23	study	T062	C2603343
27569032	27	75	solid lipid-polyethyleneimine hybrid nanocarrier	T122	C0013161
27569032	80	86	cancer	T191	C0006826
27569032	87	99	RNAi therapy	T061	C4042855
27569032	100	138	Solid lipid-polymer hybrid nanocarrier	T122	C0013161
27569032	140	143	LPN	T122	C0013161
27569032	185	190	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27569032	191	203	transfection	T063	C0040669
27569032	204	214	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27569032	236	240	RNAi	T045	C1136031
27569032	248	271	chemosensitizing effect	T201	C1527144
27569032	299	304	study	T062	C2603343
27569032	342	349	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27569032	350	365	biodistribution	T169	C1704711
27569032	369	373	LPNs	T122	C0013161
27569032	379	394	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27569032	395	400	model	T075	C0026339
27569032	451	456	tumor	T191	C0027651
27569032	457	468	penetration	T169	C0205321
27569032	472	476	LPNs	T122	C0013161
27569032	482	485	LPN	T122	C0013161
27569032	486	497	formulation	T122	C0013058
27569032	515	527	transfection	T063	C0040669
27569032	528	538	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27569032	549	558	stability	T080	C0205360
27569032	580	585	study	T062	C2603343
27569032	587	591	Mice	T015	C0025929
27569032	600	606	tumors	T191	C0027651
27569032	610	620	PC-3Mcells	T025	C1513528
27569032	626	633	treated	T169	C1522326
27569032	639	643	LPNs	T122	C0013161
27569032	657	662	IR780	T109	C2933062
27569032	666	671	AF647	T109,T130	C3489916
27569032	674	679	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27569032	681	702	Near infrared imaging	T060	C4288612
27569032	715	719	LPNs	T122	C0013161
27569032	739	746	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27569032	747	762	biodistribution	T169	C1704711
27569032	773	778	tumor	T191	C0027651
27569032	784	789	organ	T023	C0178784
27569032	798	801	LPN	T122	C0013161
27569032	802	814	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27569032	836	841	liver	T023	C0023884
27569032	842	859	metastatic tissue	T024	C0475358
27569032	871	884	extravasation	T046	C0015376
27569032	885	890	study	T062	C2603343
27569032	906	918	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27569032	919	924	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27569032	964	976	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27569032	984	1002	extravascular area	T029	C0005898
27569032	1009	1012	LPN	T122	C0013161
27569032	1030	1036	volume	T081	C0449468
27569032	1070	1076	tumors	T191	C0027651
27569032	1146	1155	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27569032	1156	1168	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27569032	1180	1183	LPN	T122	C0013161
27569032	1189	1199	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27569032	1200	1209	docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27569032	1210	1219	treatment	T061	C0087111
27569032	1247	1252	tumor	T191	C0027651
27569032	1253	1256	LPN	T122	C0013161
27569032	1329	1332	LPN	T122	C0013161
27569032	1348	1362	carrier system	T122	C0013161
27569032	1366	1373	deliver	T169	C1705822
27569032	1374	1386	RNAi therapy	T061	C4042855
27569032	1390	1408	solid malignancies	T191	C4282132
27569032	1427	1439	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472

27569088|t|Prevalence of HPV genotypes in cervical adenocarcinoma: a study in Greek women
27569088|a|To study the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes among cervical adenocarcinomas in Greek women. The study group comprised 78 adenocarcinoma cases (20 in situ and 58 invasive). HPV DNA was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HPV genotypes were identified by reverse hybridization. There was a high prevalence of HPV infection both for in situ (95%) or invasive (94.83%) adenocarcinomas, comprising also cancers of unusual morphology. HPV 16 was the commonest strain (N=57, 73.08%) followed by HPV 18 (N=28, 35.90%). Interestingly, 13 cases (16.67%) were also HPV 52 positive (as co-infection with HPV 16 or 18). All other strains with the exception of HPV 66 were found only as co-infections. No significant age difference was noted in terms of any HPV strain positivity. HPV DNA was found in the large majority of cervical adenocarcinomas. As opposed to other studies, HPV 52 was the third most commonly encountered strain after HPV 16 and HPV 18. The above findings would probably be of help in decision making concerning vaccination policy for the prevention of HPV infection in Greece.
27569088	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27569088	14	17	HPV	T005	C0021344
27569088	18	27	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27569088	31	54	cervical adenocarcinoma	T191	C0279672
27569088	58	63	study	T062	C2603343
27569088	67	72	Greek	T098	C0337806
27569088	73	78	women	T098	C0043210
27569088	82	87	study	T062	C2603343
27569088	92	102	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27569088	106	126	human papillomavirus	T005	C0021344
27569088	128	131	HPV	T005	C0021344
27569088	133	142	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27569088	149	173	cervical adenocarcinomas	T191	C0279672
27569088	177	182	Greek	T098	C0337806
27569088	183	188	women	T098	C0043210
27569088	194	205	study group	UnknownType	C0681860
27569088	219	233	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
27569088	234	239	cases	T077	C1706256
27569088	244	251	in situ	T191	C0007099
27569088	259	267	invasive	T191	C1334274
27569088	270	277	HPV DNA	T114,T123	C3872595
27569088	282	291	amplified	T045	C0683230
27569088	298	323	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27569088	325	328	PCR	T063	C0032520
27569088	334	337	HPV	T005	C0021344
27569088	338	347	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27569088	353	363	identified	T080	C0205396
27569088	367	388	reverse hybridization	T063	C0221902
27569088	402	417	high prevalence	T081	C0033105
27569088	421	434	HPV infection	T047	C0343641
27569088	444	451	in situ	T191	C0007099
27569088	461	494	invasive (94.83%) adenocarcinomas	T191	C1334274
27569088	512	519	cancers	T191	C0006826
27569088	523	541	unusual morphology	T080	C0332437
27569088	543	549	HPV 16	T005	C0999806
27569088	558	567	commonest	T081	C0205214
27569088	568	574	strain	T001	C1518614
27569088	602	608	HPV 18	T005	C0999807
27569088	643	648	cases	T077	C1706256
27569088	668	683	HPV 52 positive	T005	C3641016
27569088	688	700	co-infection	T047	C0275524
27569088	706	712	HPV 16	T005	C0999806
27569088	716	718	18	T005	C0999807
27569088	731	738	strains	T001	C1518614
27569088	748	757	exception	T077	C1705847
27569088	761	767	HPV 66	T005	C3641020
27569088	787	800	co-infections	T047	C0275524
27569088	817	831	age difference	T100	C0699810
27569088	858	861	HPV	T005	C0021344
27569088	862	868	strain	T001	C1518614
27569088	869	879	positivity	T033	C1446409
27569088	881	888	HPV DNA	T114,T123	C3872595
27569088	906	920	large majority	T054	C0680220
27569088	924	948	cervical adenocarcinomas	T191	C0279672
27569088	970	977	studies	T062	C0008972
27569088	979	985	HPV 52	T005	C3641016
27569088	1005	1013	commonly	T081	C0205214
27569088	1014	1025	encountered	T058	C0422301
27569088	1026	1032	strain	T001	C1518614
27569088	1039	1045	HPV 16	T005	C0999806
27569088	1050	1056	HPV 18	T005	C0999807
27569088	1098	1102	help	T080	C1269765
27569088	1106	1121	decision making	T041	C0011109
27569088	1133	1144	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27569088	1145	1151	policy	T170	C0242456
27569088	1160	1170	prevention	T080	C2700409
27569088	1174	1187	HPV infection	T047	C0343641
27569088	1191	1197	Greece	T083	C0018226

27569827|t|Mechanisms of replacement of circulating viruses by seasonal and pandemic influenza A viruses
27569827|a|Seasonal influenza causes annual epidemics by the accumulation of antigenic changes. Pandemic influenza occurs through a major antigenic change of the influenza A virus, which can originate from other hosts. Although new antigenic variants of the influenza A virus replace formerly circulating seasonal and pandemic viruses, replacement mechanisms remain poorly understood. A stochastic individual-based SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model with two viral strains (formerly circulating old strain and newly emerged strain) was developed for simulations to elucidate the replacement mechanisms. Factors and conditions of virus and host populations affecting the replacement were identified. Replacement is more likely to occur in tropical regions than temperate regions. The magnitude of the ongoing epidemic by the old strain, herd immunity against the old strain, and timing of appearance of the new strain are not that important for replacement. It is probable that the frequency of replacement by a pandemic virus is higher than a seasonal virus because of the high initial susceptibility and high basic reproductive number of the pandemic virus. The findings of this study on replacement mechanisms could lead to a better understanding of virus transmission dynamics and may possibly be helpful in establishing an effective strategy to mitigate the impact of seasonal and pandemic influenza.
27569827	0	10	Mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27569827	14	25	replacement	T169	C0559956
27569827	29	40	circulating	T169	C0175630
27569827	41	48	viruses	T005	C0042776
27569827	52	60	seasonal	T047	C4304723
27569827	65	93	pandemic influenza A viruses	T005	C0029347
27569827	94	112	Seasonal influenza	T047	C4304723
27569827	127	136	epidemics	T067	C0014499
27569827	144	156	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27569827	160	177	antigenic changes	T044	C0003319
27569827	179	197	Pandemic influenza	T047	C4304383
27569827	221	237	antigenic change	T044	C0003319
27569827	245	262	influenza A virus	T005	C0029347
27569827	274	283	originate	T079	C0439659
27569827	295	300	hosts	T001	C1167395
27569827	315	333	antigenic variants	T044	C0003319
27569827	341	358	influenza A virus	T005	C0029347
27569827	376	387	circulating	T169	C0175630
27569827	388	396	seasonal	T005	C0042776
27569827	401	417	pandemic viruses	T005	C0042776
27569827	419	430	replacement	T169	C0559956
27569827	431	441	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27569827	470	551	stochastic individual-based SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered) model	T170	C0282574
27569827	561	574	viral strains	T001	C1518614
27569827	585	596	circulating	T169	C0175630
27569827	597	607	old strain	T001	C1518614
27569827	612	632	newly emerged strain	T001	C1518614
27569827	652	663	simulations	T062	C0679083
27569827	681	692	replacement	T169	C0559956
27569827	693	703	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27569827	705	712	Factors	T169	C1521761
27569827	717	727	conditions	T080	C0348080
27569827	731	736	virus	T005	C0042776
27569827	741	745	host	T001	C1167395
27569827	772	783	replacement	T169	C0559956
27569827	840	856	tropical regions	T083	C0017446
27569827	862	879	temperate regions	T083	C0017446
27569827	885	894	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27569827	910	918	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27569827	926	936	old strain	T001	C1518614
27569827	938	951	herd immunity	T039	C1135927
27569827	964	974	old strain	T001	C1518614
27569827	980	986	timing	T079	C0449243
27569827	990	1000	appearance	T080	C0700364
27569827	1008	1018	new strain	T001	C1518614
27569827	1046	1057	replacement	T169	C0559956
27569827	1096	1107	replacement	T169	C0559956
27569827	1113	1127	pandemic virus	T005	C0042776
27569827	1145	1159	seasonal virus	T005	C0042776
27569827	1188	1202	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
27569827	1218	1230	reproductive	T040	C0035150
27569827	1245	1259	pandemic virus	T005	C0042776
27569827	1291	1302	replacement	T169	C0559956
27569827	1303	1313	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27569827	1354	1372	virus transmission	T043	C1160716
27569827	1373	1381	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27569827	1429	1438	effective	T080	C1704419
27569827	1451	1459	mitigate	T067	C1553901
27569827	1474	1482	seasonal	T047	C4304723
27569827	1487	1505	pandemic influenza	T047	C4304383

27569995|t|Antidepressant -like effects of scopolamine in mice are enhanced by the group II mGlu receptor antagonist LY341495
27569995|a|Clinical studies have shown that the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine induces a potent and rapid antidepressant effect relative to conventional antidepressants. However, potential undesirable effects, including memory impairment, partially limit the use of scopolamine in psychiatry. In the present study, we propose to overcome these limitations and enhance the therapeutic effects of scopolamine via administration in combination with the group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor antagonist, LY341495. Joint administration of sub-effective doses of scopolamine (0.03 or 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) with a sub-effective dose of LY341495 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a profound antidepressant effect in the tail suspension test (TST) and in the forced swim test (FST) in mice. This drug combination did not impair memory, as measured using the Morris water maze (MWM), and did not influence the locomotor activity of mice. Furthermore, we found that an AMPA receptor antagonist, NBQX (10 mg/kg), completely reversed the antidepressant-like activity of a mixture of scopolamine and LY341495 in the TST. However, this effect was not influenced by para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) pre-treatment, indicating a lack of involvement of serotonergic system activation in the antidepressant-like effects of jointly given scopolamine and LY341495. Therefore, the combined administration of low doses of the antimuscarinic drug scopolamine and the group II mGlu receptor antagonist LY341495 might be a new, effective and safe strategy in the therapy of depression.
27569995	0	14	Antidepressant	T121	C0003289
27569995	21	31	effects of	T080	C1704420
27569995	32	43	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27569995	47	51	mice	T015	C0025929
27569995	72	94	group II mGlu receptor	T116,T192	C0206529
27569995	95	105	antagonist	T121	C1254351
27569995	106	114	LY341495	T109,T121	C0757826
27569995	115	131	Clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27569995	152	171	muscarinic receptor	T116,T192	C0034826
27569995	172	182	antagonist	T121	C1254351
27569995	183	194	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27569995	222	243	antidepressant effect	T033	C0243095
27569995	269	284	antidepressants	T121	C0003289
27569995	305	324	undesirable effects	T169	C0001688
27569995	336	353	memory impairment	T048	C0233794
27569995	355	370	partially limit	T169	C0439801
27569995	382	393	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27569995	397	407	psychiatry	T091	C0033873
27569995	424	429	study	T062	C2603343
27569995	460	471	limitations	T169	C0449295
27569995	488	507	therapeutic effects	T201	C1527144
27569995	511	522	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27569995	527	541	administration	T061	C1533734
27569995	545	556	combination	T080	C0205195
27569995	566	613	group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor	T116,T192	C0206529
27569995	614	624	antagonist	T121	C1254351
27569995	626	634	LY341495	T109,T121	C0757826
27569995	636	656	Joint administration	T061	C1533734
27569995	660	679	sub-effective doses	T081	C0178602
27569995	683	694	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27569995	728	746	sub-effective dose	T081	C0178602
27569995	750	758	LY341495	T109,T121	C0757826
27569995	777	784	induced	T169	C0205263
27569995	796	817	antidepressant effect	T033	C0243095
27569995	825	845	tail suspension test	T060	C0683444
27569995	847	850	TST	T060	C0683444
27569995	863	879	forced swim test	T060	C0683444
27569995	881	884	FST	T060	C0683444
27569995	889	893	mice	T015	C0025929
27569995	900	916	drug combination	T121	C0013162
27569995	925	938	impair memory	T048	C0233794
27569995	962	979	Morris water maze	T060	C4277747
27569995	981	984	MWM	T060	C4277747
27569995	1013	1031	locomotor activity	T040	C0023946
27569995	1035	1039	mice	T015	C0025929
27569995	1071	1084	AMPA receptor	T116,T192	C0072899
27569995	1085	1095	antagonist	T121	C1254351
27569995	1097	1101	NBQX	T109,T121	C0045376
27569995	1138	1166	antidepressant-like activity	T033	C0243095
27569995	1172	1179	mixture	T167	C0439962
27569995	1183	1194	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27569995	1199	1207	LY341495	T109,T121	C0757826
27569995	1215	1218	TST	T060	C0683444
27569995	1234	1240	effect	T080	C1280500
27569995	1263	1287	para-chlorophenylalanine	T116,T121	C0030135
27569995	1289	1293	PCPA	T116,T121	C0030135
27569995	1295	1308	pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
27569995	1346	1376	serotonergic system activation	T044	C1148560
27569995	1384	1411	antidepressant-like effects	T033	C0243095
27569995	1429	1440	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27569995	1445	1453	LY341495	T109,T121	C0757826
27569995	1470	1493	combined administration	T061	C1533734
27569995	1497	1506	low doses	T081	C0178602
27569995	1514	1533	antimuscarinic drug	T121	C0003385
27569995	1534	1545	scopolamine	T109,T121	C0036442
27569995	1554	1576	group II mGlu receptor	T116,T192	C0206529
27569995	1577	1587	antagonist	T121	C1254351
27569995	1588	1596	LY341495	T109,T121	C0757826
27569995	1613	1622	effective	T080	C1280519
27569995	1632	1640	strategy	T170	C0679716
27569995	1648	1655	therapy	T061	C0087111
27569995	1659	1669	depression	T048	C0011570

27570111|t|Glucose metabolism - weighted imaging with chemical exchange-sensitive MRI of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) in brain: Sensitivity and biological sources
27570111|a|Recent proof-of-principle studies have demonstrated the feasibility of measuring the uptake and metabolism of non-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) by a chemical exchange-sensitive spin-lock (CESL) MRI approach. In order to gain better understanding of this new approach, we performed dynamic in vivo CESL MRI on healthy rat brains with an intravenous injection of 2DG under various conditions at 9.4T. For three 2DG doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1g/kg, we found that 2DG - CESL signals increased linearly with injection dose at the initial (<20min) but not the later period (>40min) suggesting time-dependent differential weightings of 2DG transport and metabolism. Remaining 2DG - CESL studies were performed with 0.25g/kg 2DG. Since a higher isoflurane level reduces glucose metabolism and increases blood flow, 2DG - CESL was measured under 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.2% isoflurane. The 2DG - CESL signal was reduced at higher isoflurane levels correlating well with the 2DG phosphorylation in the intracellular space. To detect regional heterogeneities of glucose metabolism, 2DG - CESL with 0.33×0.33×1.50mm(3) resolution was obtained, which indeed showed a higher response in the cortex compared to the corpus callosum. Lastly, unlike CESL MRI with the injection of non-transportable mannitol, the 2DG - CESL response decreased with an increased spin-lock pulse power confirming that 2DG - CESL is dominated by chemical exchange processes in the extravascular space. Taken together, our results showed that 2DG - CESL MRI signals mainly indicate glucose transport and metabolism and may be a useful biomarker for metabolic studies of normal and diseased brains.
27570111	0	18	Glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27570111	21	37	weighted imaging	T060	C0011923
27570111	43	74	chemical exchange-sensitive MRI	T060	C0024485
27570111	78	92	2-deoxyglucose	T109	C4049845
27570111	94	97	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	102	107	brain	T023	C0006104
27570111	109	120	Sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27570111	125	135	biological	T080	C0205460
27570111	136	143	sources	T033	C0449416
27570111	144	177	Recent proof-of-principle studies	T062	C2603343
27570111	229	235	uptake	T039	C0243144
27570111	240	250	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27570111	266	283	2-deoxy-D-glucose	T109	C4049845
27570111	285	288	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	295	352	chemical exchange-sensitive spin-lock (CESL) MRI approach	T060	C0024485
27570111	427	434	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27570111	435	442	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27570111	443	451	CESL MRI	T060	C0024485
27570111	455	462	healthy	T080	C3898900
27570111	463	466	rat	T015	C0086893
27570111	467	473	brains	T023	C0006104
27570111	482	503	intravenous injection	T169	C0021494
27570111	507	510	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	555	558	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	559	564	doses	T081	C0178602
27570111	603	606	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	609	613	CESL	T060	C0024485
27570111	614	621	signals	T067	C1710082
27570111	622	631	increased	T081	C0205217
27570111	646	655	injection	T061	C1533685
27570111	656	660	dose	T081	C0178602
27570111	772	775	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	776	785	transport	T043	C0005528
27570111	790	800	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27570111	812	815	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	818	822	CESL	T060	C0024485
27570111	860	863	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	873	879	higher	T080	C0205250
27570111	880	890	isoflurane	T109,T121	C0022180
27570111	891	896	level	T080	C0441889
27570111	897	904	reduces	T080	C0392756
27570111	905	923	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27570111	928	937	increases	T169	C0442805
27570111	938	948	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27570111	950	953	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	956	960	CESL	T060	C0024485
27570111	965	973	measured	T080	C0444706
27570111	1000	1010	isoflurane	T109,T121	C0022180
27570111	1016	1019	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	1022	1026	CESL	T060	C0024485
27570111	1027	1033	signal	T067	C1710082
27570111	1038	1045	reduced	T080	C0392756
27570111	1049	1055	higher	T080	C0205250
27570111	1056	1066	isoflurane	T109,T121	C0022180
27570111	1100	1103	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	1104	1119	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27570111	1127	1146	intracellular space	T030	C0682581
27570111	1158	1182	regional heterogeneities	T102	C0086833
27570111	1186	1204	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27570111	1206	1209	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	1212	1216	CESL	T060	C0024485
27570111	1289	1295	higher	T080	C0205250
27570111	1312	1318	cortex	T023	C0007776
27570111	1335	1350	corpus callosum	T023	C0010090
27570111	1367	1375	CESL MRI	T060	C0024485
27570111	1385	1394	injection	T061	C1533685
27570111	1398	1424	non-transportable mannitol	T109,T121	C0024730
27570111	1430	1433	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	1436	1440	CESL	T060	C0024485
27570111	1450	1459	decreased	T081	C0205216
27570111	1468	1477	increased	T081	C0205217
27570111	1478	1499	spin-lock pulse power	T081	C3854080
27570111	1516	1519	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	1522	1526	CESL	T060	C0024485
27570111	1543	1551	chemical	T103	C0220806
27570111	1552	1560	exchange	T201	C4019011
27570111	1561	1570	processes	T067	C1522240
27570111	1578	1597	extravascular space	T082	C1254362
27570111	1639	1642	2DG	T109	C4049845
27570111	1645	1653	CESL MRI	T060	C0024485
27570111	1654	1661	signals	T067	C1710082
27570111	1678	1695	glucose transport	T043	C0178666
27570111	1700	1710	metabolism	T044	C0596620
27570111	1731	1740	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27570111	1745	1754	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27570111	1755	1762	studies	T062	C2603343
27570111	1766	1772	normal	T023	C0006104
27570111	1777	1785	diseased	T047	C0012634
27570111	1786	1792	brains	T023	C0006104

27570140|t|Request and fulfillment of postpartum tubal ligation in patients after high-risk pregnancy
27570140|a|Female sterilization is one of the most prevalent methods of contraception in the United States. Prior studies have shown that nearly half of postpartum tubal ligation (PPTL) requests go unfulfilled. This study seeks to establish whether obstetric or medical risk status influences patients ' request for or subsequent completion of PPTL. This study was a retrospective cohort study of women delivering at a university hospital in 2009-2010 who received prenatal care in the faculty and resident clinics. High-risk status was defined by Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine guidelines. Documentation of contraceptive plan and administration of contraceptive methods was abstracted from patient records. Subsequent pregnancies through March 1, 2013, were abstracted. Of 3063 participants (2048 low risk and 1015 high risk), 231 requested PPTL (7.5%). This was more likely among high-risk patients than low-risk patients (10.0% vs. 6.3%, p<.001), those with public insurance (13.8% vs. 3.2%, p<.001) and those with an unintended index pregnancy (13.8% vs. 4.1%, p<.001). Of the patients requesting PPTL, 118 (51.1%) underwent the procedure immediately postpartum. Completion was not associated with high-risk status (54.0%), or with race, insurance status or parity. Among 113 women with an unfulfilled PPTL request, there were 17 subsequent pregnancies (15.0%) during the 27 months of follow-up. Though women with high-risk pregnancies were more likely to request PPTL, they were not more likely to complete the procedure. Over one third of high-risk patients ' requests were unfulfilled, indicating that significant barriers may remain. Though women with high-risk pregnancies were more likely to request PPTL, they were not more likely to complete the procedure. Providers should consider these procedures urgent, especially in high-risk women, and advocate for their patients ' access to this procedure.
27570140	0	7	Request	T052	C1272683
27570140	12	23	fulfillment	T169	C3242069
27570140	27	37	postpartum	T079	C0086839
27570140	38	52	tubal ligation	T061	C0520483
27570140	56	64	patients	T101	C0030705
27570140	71	90	high-risk pregnancy	T046	C0242786
27570140	91	111	Female sterilization	T061	C0015787
27570140	141	148	methods	T170	C0025663
27570140	152	165	contraception	T061	C0700589
27570140	173	186	United States	T083	C0041703
27570140	194	201	studies	T062	C2603343
27570140	233	243	postpartum	T079	C0086839
27570140	244	258	tubal ligation	T061	C0520483
27570140	260	264	PPTL	T061	C0520483
27570140	266	274	requests	T052	C1272683
27570140	278	289	unfulfilled	T169	C0205245
27570140	296	301	study	T062	C2603343
27570140	329	338	obstetric	T169	C0205484
27570140	342	354	medical risk	T078	C0035647
27570140	355	361	status	T080	C0449438
27570140	373	381	patients	T101	C0030705
27570140	384	391	request	T052	C1272683
27570140	410	420	completion	T080	C0205197
27570140	424	428	PPTL	T061	C0520483
27570140	435	440	study	T062	C2603343
27570140	447	473	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
27570140	477	482	women	T098	C0043210
27570140	483	493	delivering	T040	C0005615
27570140	499	518	university hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
27570140	545	558	prenatal care	T058	C0033052
27570140	566	573	faculty	T097	C0015535
27570140	578	594	resident clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27570140	596	605	High-risk	T033	C0332167
27570140	606	612	status	T080	C0449438
27570140	628	674	Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine guidelines	T170	C2945690
27570140	676	689	Documentation	T170	C0920316
27570140	693	711	contraceptive plan	T170	C0599880
27570140	716	730	administration	T061	C1533734
27570140	734	755	contraceptive methods	T061	C0700589
27570140	760	770	abstracted	T079	C3259344
27570140	776	791	patient records	T170	C0025102
27570140	804	815	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27570140	844	854	abstracted	T079	C3259344
27570140	864	876	participants	T098	C0679646
27570140	883	891	low risk	T081	C3538919
27570140	901	910	high risk	T033	C0332167
27570140	917	926	requested	T052	C1272683
27570140	927	931	PPTL	T061	C0520483
27570140	967	976	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27570140	977	985	patients	T101	C0030705
27570140	991	999	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27570140	1000	1008	patients	T101	C0030705
27570140	1046	1062	public insurance	T078	C0021672
27570140	1106	1132	unintended index pregnancy	T033	C0041747
27570140	1166	1174	patients	T101	C0030705
27570140	1175	1185	requesting	T052	C1272683
27570140	1186	1190	PPTL	T061	C0520483
27570140	1218	1227	procedure	T061	C0087111
27570140	1240	1250	postpartum	T079	C0086839
27570140	1252	1262	Completion	T080	C0205197
27570140	1287	1296	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27570140	1297	1303	status	T080	C0449438
27570140	1321	1325	race	T098	C0034510
27570140	1327	1343	insurance status	T078	C0376629
27570140	1347	1353	parity	T033	C0030563
27570140	1365	1370	women	T098	C0043210
27570140	1379	1390	unfulfilled	T169	C0205245
27570140	1391	1395	PPTL	T061	C0520483
27570140	1396	1403	request	T052	C1272683
27570140	1430	1441	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27570140	1464	1470	months	T079	C0439231
27570140	1474	1483	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27570140	1492	1497	women	T098	C0043210
27570140	1503	1524	high-risk pregnancies	T046	C0242786
27570140	1545	1552	request	T052	C1272683
27570140	1553	1557	PPTL	T061	C0520483
27570140	1588	1596	complete	T080	C0205197
27570140	1601	1610	procedure	T061	C0087111
27570140	1630	1639	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27570140	1640	1648	patients	T101	C0030705
27570140	1651	1659	requests	T052	C1272683
27570140	1665	1676	unfulfilled	T169	C0205245
27570140	1734	1739	women	T098	C0043210
27570140	1745	1766	high-risk pregnancies	T046	C0242786
27570140	1787	1794	request	T052	C1272683
27570140	1795	1799	PPTL	T061	C0520483
27570140	1830	1838	complete	T080	C0205197
27570140	1843	1852	procedure	T061	C0087111
27570140	1886	1896	procedures	T061	C0087111
27570140	1897	1903	urgent	T079	C0439609
27570140	1919	1928	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27570140	1929	1934	women	T098	C0043210
27570140	1959	1967	patients	T101	C0030705
27570140	1985	1994	procedure	T061	C0087111

27570362|t|Parental perceptions of children´s agency: Parental warmth, school achievement and adjustment
27570362|a|The present study examined Swedish mothers' and fathers' warmth towards their children in relation to their children´s agency. It also examined the longitudinal relation between agency and children's externalizing, internalizing, and school achievement. Swedish children's mothers and fathers (N = 103) were interviewed at three time points (when children were 8, 9, and 10 years old) about their warmth towards their children, children's agency, and children's externalizing and internalizing behaviors and school achievement. Parental warmth at Time 1 was significantly correlated with child agency at Time 2, which was significantly correlated with child externalizing and internalizing behaviors and academic achievement at Time 3. There were no differences between girls and boys. Results from this study indicate that Swedish parents' warmth is directly related to subsequent perceptions of children's agency, which in turn are related to subsequently lower child externalizing and internalizing problems and higher academic achievement. These findings held in the context of a three- year longitudinal study and for both boys and girls, suggesting the importance of child agency in the link between parental warmth and children's adjustment.
27570362	0	8	Parental	T099	C0030551
27570362	9	20	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27570362	24	41	children´s agency	T092	C0237463
27570362	43	58	Parental warmth	UnknownType	C0814578
27570362	60	78	school achievement	T055	C0700132
27570362	83	93	adjustment	T055	C0376209
27570362	106	111	study	T062	C2603343
27570362	121	128	Swedish	T098	C1710263
27570362	129	137	mothers'	T099	C0026591
27570362	142	150	fathers'	T099	C0015671
27570362	151	157	warmth	UnknownType	C0814578
27570362	172	180	children	T100	C0008059
27570362	202	219	children´s agency	T092	C0237463
27570362	272	278	agency	T092	C0237463
27570362	283	293	children's	T100	C0008059
27570362	328	346	school achievement	T055	C0700132
27570362	348	355	Swedish	T098	C1710263
27570362	356	366	children's	T100	C0008059
27570362	367	374	mothers	T099	C0026591
27570362	379	386	fathers	T099	C0015671
27570362	402	413	interviewed	T052	C0021822
27570362	423	434	time points	T079	C1442880
27570362	441	449	children	T100	C0008059
27570362	468	473	years	T079	C0439234
27570362	491	497	warmth	UnknownType	C0814578
27570362	512	520	children	T100	C0008059
27570362	522	539	children's agency	T092	C0237463
27570362	545	555	children's	T100	C0008059
27570362	602	620	school achievement	T055	C0700132
27570362	622	637	Parental warmth	UnknownType	C0814578
27570362	641	645	Time	T079	C0040223
27570362	666	676	correlated	T080	C1707520
27570362	682	694	child agency	T092	C0237463
27570362	698	702	Time	T079	C0040223
27570362	730	740	correlated	T080	C1707520
27570362	746	751	child	T100	C0008059
27570362	798	818	academic achievement	T055	C0700132
27570362	822	826	Time	T079	C0040223
27570362	864	869	girls	T100	C0870604
27570362	874	878	boys	T100	C0870221
27570362	898	903	study	T062	C2603343
27570362	918	925	Swedish	T098	C1710263
27570362	926	941	parents' warmth	UnknownType	C0814578
27570362	976	987	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27570362	991	1008	children's agency	T092	C0237463
27570362	1058	1063	child	T100	C0008059
27570362	1096	1104	problems	T033	C0033213
27570362	1116	1136	academic achievement	T055	C0700132
27570362	1144	1152	findings	T033	C0243095
27570362	1185	1189	year	T079	C0439234
27570362	1190	1208	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
27570362	1222	1226	boys	T100	C0870221
27570362	1231	1236	girls	T100	C0870604
27570362	1267	1279	child agency	T092	C0237463
27570362	1300	1315	parental warmth	UnknownType	C0814578
27570362	1320	1330	children's	T100	C0008059
27570362	1331	1341	adjustment	T055	C0376209

27570556|t|Blinking Phase-Change Nanocapsules Enable Background-Free Ultrasound Imaging
27570556|a|Microbubbles are widely used as contrast agents to improve the diagnostic capability of conventional, highly speckled, low-contrast ultrasound imaging. However, while microbubbles can be used for molecular imaging, these agents are limited to the vascular space due to their large size (> 1 μm). Smaller microbubbles are desired but their ultrasound visualization is limited due to lower echogenicity or higher resonant frequencies. Here we present nanometer scale, phase changing, blinking nanocapsules (BLInCs), which can be repeatedly optically triggered to provide transient contrast and enable background-free ultrasound imaging. In response to irradiation by near-infrared laser pulses, the BLInCs undergo cycles of rapid vaporization followed by recondensation into their native liquid state at body temperature. High frame rate ultrasound imaging measures the dynamic echogenicity changes associated with these controllable, periodic phase transitions. Using a newly developed image processing algorithm, the blinking particles are distinguished from tissue, providing a background-free image of the BLInCs while the underlying B-mode ultrasound image is used as an anatomical reference of the tissue. We demonstrate the function of BLInCs and the associated imaging technique in a tissue -mimicking phantom and in vivo for the identification of the sentinel lymph node. Our studies indicate that BLInCs may become a powerful tool to identify biological targets using a conventional ultrasound imaging system.
27570556	0	34	Blinking Phase-Change Nanocapsules	T073	C1721062
27570556	58	76	Ultrasound Imaging	T060	C0041618
27570556	77	89	Microbubbles	T074	C1258018
27570556	109	124	contrast agents	T130	C0009924
27570556	140	161	diagnostic capability	T033	C0011900
27570556	186	194	speckled	T080	C0439691
27570556	209	227	ultrasound imaging	T060	C0041618
27570556	244	256	microbubbles	T074	C1258018
27570556	273	290	molecular imaging	T060	C1537028
27570556	324	338	vascular space	T030	C1185806
27570556	381	393	microbubbles	T074	C1258018
27570556	416	440	ultrasound visualization	T034	C1299966
27570556	465	477	echogenicity	T201	C1719852
27570556	488	496	resonant	T070	C0459800
27570556	497	508	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27570556	526	541	nanometer scale	T081	C0439202
27570556	543	557	phase changing	T081	C0597205
27570556	559	580	blinking nanocapsules	T073	C1721062
27570556	582	588	BLInCs	T073	C1721062
27570556	646	655	transient	UnknownType	C0151203
27570556	656	664	contrast	T080	C1979874
27570556	676	710	background-free ultrasound imaging	T060	C0041618
27570556	727	738	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27570556	742	768	near-infrared laser pulses	T070	C1289901
27570556	774	780	BLInCs	T073	C1721062
27570556	789	795	cycles	T079	C1511572
27570556	799	817	rapid vaporization	T070	C0581699
27570556	830	844	recondensation	T070	C0598405
27570556	863	875	liquid state	T167	C0302908
27570556	879	895	body temperature	T032	C0005903
27570556	902	907	frame	T074	C0180982
27570556	908	912	rate	T081	C1521828
27570556	913	931	ultrasound imaging	T060	C0041618
27570556	932	940	measures	T081	C0079809
27570556	945	952	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27570556	953	965	echogenicity	T201	C1719852
27570556	996	1008	controllable	T169	C2587213
27570556	1010	1018	periodic	T079	C0332182
27570556	1019	1036	phase transitions	T070	C1257888
27570556	1062	1078	image processing	T066	C0178706
27570556	1079	1088	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27570556	1094	1112	blinking particles	T104	C0597177
27570556	1136	1142	tissue	T024	C0040300
27570556	1156	1177	background-free image	T170	C1704254
27570556	1185	1191	BLInCs	T073	C1721062
27570556	1213	1230	B-mode ultrasound	T060	C1302166
27570556	1251	1271	anatomical reference	UnknownType	C0458341
27570556	1279	1285	tissue	T024	C0040300
27570556	1306	1314	function	T169	C0542341
27570556	1318	1324	BLInCs	T073	C1721062
27570556	1344	1361	imaging technique	T060	C0079595
27570556	1367	1373	tissue	T024	C0040300
27570556	1385	1392	phantom	T073	C0282611
27570556	1397	1404	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27570556	1413	1427	identification	T080	C0205396
27570556	1435	1454	sentinel lymph node	T023	C1522495
27570556	1482	1488	BLInCs	T073	C1721062
27570556	1511	1515	tool	T073	C2827396
27570556	1519	1527	identify	T080	C0205396
27570556	1528	1538	biological	T080	C0205460
27570556	1539	1546	targets	T169	C1521840
27570556	1555	1567	conventional	T080	C0439858
27570556	1568	1593	ultrasound imaging system	T074	C3873777

27570685|t|Comparative Evaluation for Brain Structural Connectivity Approaches: Towards Integrative Neuroinformatics Tool for Epilepsy Clinical Research
27570685|a|Recent advances in brain fiber tractography algorithms and diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data collection techniques are providing new approaches to study brain white matter connectivity, which play an important role in complex neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Epilepsy affects approximately 50 million persons worldwide and it is often described as a disorder of the cortical network organization. There is growing recognition of the need to better understand the role of brain structural networks in the onset and propagation of seizures in epilepsy using high resolution non-invasive imaging technologies. In this paper, we perform a comparative evaluation of two techniques to compute structural connectivity, namely probabilistic fiber tractography and statistics derived from fractional anisotropy (FA), using diffusion MRI data from a patient with rare case of medically intractable insular epilepsy. The results of our evaluation demonstrate that probabilistic fiber tractography provides a more accurate map of structural connectivity and may help address inherent complexities of neural fiber layout in the brain, such as fiber crossings. This work provides an initial result towards building an integrative informatics tool for neuroscience that can be used to accurately characterize the role of fiber tract connectivity in neurological disorders such as epilepsy.
27570685	12	22	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27570685	27	32	Brain	T023	C0006104
27570685	33	56	Structural Connectivity	T170	C0925206
27570685	57	67	Approaches	T082	C0449445
27570685	77	110	Integrative Neuroinformatics Tool	T170	C0037589
27570685	115	123	Epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27570685	124	141	Clinical Research	T062	C0008972
27570685	161	166	brain	T023	C0006104
27570685	167	172	fiber	T024	C1304649
27570685	173	185	tractography	T060,T062	C2717808
27570685	186	196	algorithms	T170	C0002045
27570685	201	237	diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C1136216
27570685	239	242	MRI	T060	C1136216
27570685	244	270	data collection techniques	T081	C3887707
27570685	289	299	approaches	T082	C0449445
27570685	309	327	brain white matter	T024	C1706995
27570685	328	340	connectivity	T170	C0925206
27570685	382	404	neurological disorders	T047	C0027765
27570685	413	421	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27570685	423	431	Epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27570685	465	472	persons	T098	C0027361
27570685	514	522	disorder	T047	C0012634
27570685	530	559	cortical network organization	T043	C0007613
27570685	635	660	brain structural networks	T023	C0006104
27570685	693	701	seizures	T184	C0036572
27570685	705	713	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27570685	720	769	high resolution non-invasive imaging technologies	T060	C0079595
27570685	811	821	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27570685	829	839	techniques	T060	C0079595
27570685	851	874	structural connectivity	T170	C0925206
27570685	897	902	fiber	T024	C1304649
27570685	903	915	tractography	T060,T062	C2717808
27570685	944	965	fractional anisotropy	T060	C2348041
27570685	967	969	FA	T060	C2348041
27570685	978	991	diffusion MRI	T060	C1136216
27570685	992	996	data	T078	C1511726
27570685	1004	1011	patient	T101	C0030705
27570685	1052	1059	insular	T029	C3496404
27570685	1060	1068	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27570685	1089	1099	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27570685	1131	1136	fiber	T024	C1304649
27570685	1137	1149	tractography	T060,T062	C2717808
27570685	1182	1205	structural connectivity	T170	C0925206
27570685	1252	1264	neural fiber	T024	C1304649
27570685	1279	1284	brain	T023	C0006104
27570685	1368	1396	integrative informatics tool	T170	C0037589
27570685	1401	1413	neuroscience	T078	C2986902
27570685	1470	1481	fiber tract	T024	C1304649
27570685	1482	1494	connectivity	T170	C0925206
27570685	1498	1520	neurological disorders	T047	C0027765
27570685	1529	1537	epilepsy	T047	C0014544

27570938|t|An isolated involvement in mental health care - experiences of parents of young adults
27570938|a|To explore parents ' involvement in the informal and professional care of their young adult child with mental illness. A further aim was to examine concepts in the caring theory of ' Involvement in the light - Involvement in the dark ' in the context of mental health care. Mental illness has increased among young people in high-income countries, and suicide is now the leading cause of death for this group. Because of their disease, these young people may have difficulty in carrying out daily, taken-for-granted, tasks. Consequently, they often become dependent on their parents, and their parents shoulder a considerable responsibility. A secondary descriptive design with a deductive content analysis was used. Ten parents who have a son or daughter with long-term mental illness (aged 18-25 years) were interviewed. The deductive analysis was based on the caring theory of ' Involvement in the light - Involvement in the dark '. The results are described using the following concepts in the theory: ' Knowing ', ' Doing ', ' Being ' and ' Attitude of the health professionals '. The result are to a great extent consistent with the ' Involvement in the dark ' metaphor, which describes an isolated involvement in which the parents were not informed, seen or acknowledged by the health professionals. Continuous support by professionals with a positive attitude was described as being of decisive importance for meaningful involvement. The theory's transferability is strengthened to the mental health care context. Parents have a considerable need for knowledge that can enable them to choose how they should act (be) and what they should do, in order to help and support their child. Since the patient, the family members and the professionals are mutually dependent, it is important to make use of each other's knowledge in a partnership to achieve a common caring strategy.
27570938	3	11	isolated	T169	C0205409
27570938	12	23	involvement	T169	C1314939
27570938	27	45	mental health care	T061	C0184643
27570938	48	59	experiences	T041	C0596545
27570938	63	70	parents	T099	C0030551
27570938	74	86	young adults	T100	C0238598
27570938	98	105	parents	T099	C0030551
27570938	108	119	involvement	T169	C1314939
27570938	127	135	informal	T058	C3494177
27570938	140	157	professional care	T058	C0086388
27570938	167	172	young	T079	C0332239
27570938	173	184	adult child	T099	C0683572
27570938	190	204	mental illness	T048	C0004936
27570938	227	234	examine	T169	C0205245
27570938	235	243	concepts	T078	C0178566
27570938	251	264	caring theory	T078	C0871935
27570938	270	294	Involvement in the light	T169	C1314939
27570938	289	294	light	T070	C0023693
27570938	297	320	Involvement in the dark	T169	C1314939
27570938	316	320	dark	T070	C0010986
27570938	330	337	context	T078	C0449255
27570938	341	359	mental health care	T061	C0184643
27570938	361	375	Mental illness	T048	C0004936
27570938	380	389	increased	T081	C0205217
27570938	396	401	young	T079	C0332239
27570938	402	408	people	T098	C0027361
27570938	412	433	high-income countries	T083	C0454664
27570938	439	446	suicide	T033	C0038661
27570938	458	465	leading	T169	C1522538
27570938	466	480	cause of death	T033	C0007465
27570938	490	495	group	T098	C1257890
27570938	514	521	disease	T047	C0012634
27570938	529	534	young	T079	C0332239
27570938	535	541	people	T098	C0027361
27570938	551	561	difficulty	T080	C0332218
27570938	565	583	carrying out daily	T056	C2371320
27570938	604	609	tasks	T057	C3540678
27570938	611	623	Consequently	T033	C3845876
27570938	643	652	dependent	T033	C0243095
27570938	662	669	parents	T099	C0030551
27570938	681	688	parents	T099	C0030551
27570938	689	697	shoulder	T029	C0037004
27570938	713	727	responsibility	T055	C0678341
27570938	731	740	secondary	T080	C0175668
27570938	741	759	descriptive design	T078	C0178566
27570938	767	793	deductive content analysis	T062	C0681915
27570938	798	802	used	T169	C1524063
27570938	808	815	parents	T099	C0030551
27570938	827	830	son	T099	C0037683
27570938	834	842	daughter	T099	C0011011
27570938	848	857	long-term	T079	C0443252
27570938	858	872	mental illness	T048	C0004936
27570938	874	878	aged	T032	C0001779
27570938	885	890	years	T079	C0439234
27570938	897	908	interviewed	T052	C0021822
27570938	914	932	deductive analysis	T062	C0681915
27570938	950	963	caring theory	T078	C0871935
27570938	969	993	Involvement in the light	T169	C1314939
27570938	988	993	light	T070	C0023693
27570938	996	1019	Involvement in the dark	T169	C1314939
27570938	1015	1019	dark	T070	C0010986
27570938	1027	1034	results	T169	C1274040
27570938	1039	1048	described	T078	C1552738
27570938	1059	1068	following	T079	C0332282
27570938	1069	1077	concepts	T078	C0178566
27570938	1085	1091	theory	T078	C0871935
27570938	1095	1102	Knowing	T080	C0205309
27570938	1108	1113	Doing	T052	C2828361
27570938	1119	1124	Being	T077	C2987476
27570938	1133	1141	Attitude	T041	C0004271
27570938	1149	1169	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27570938	1177	1183	result	T169	C1274040
27570938	1193	1205	great extent	T080	C1555603
27570938	1206	1221	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27570938	1228	1251	Involvement in the dark	T169	C1314939
27570938	1247	1251	dark	T070	C0010986
27570938	1254	1262	metaphor	T078	C0302829
27570938	1270	1279	describes	T078	C1552738
27570938	1283	1291	isolated	T169	C0205409
27570938	1292	1303	involvement	T169	C1314939
27570938	1317	1324	parents	T099	C0030551
27570938	1330	1333	not	T169	C1518422
27570938	1334	1342	informed	T080	C1522154
27570938	1344	1348	seen	T080	C0205397
27570938	1372	1392	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27570938	1394	1404	Continuous	T078	C0549178
27570938	1405	1412	support	T061	C0344211
27570938	1416	1429	professionals	T097	C1704312
27570938	1437	1454	positive attitude	T041	C0237428
27570938	1459	1468	described	T078	C1552738
27570938	1490	1500	importance	T080	C3898777
27570938	1505	1515	meaningful	T078	C0876919
27570938	1516	1527	involvement	T169	C1314939
27570938	1533	1541	theory's	T078	C0871935
27570938	1581	1599	mental health care	T061	C0184643
27570938	1600	1607	context	T078	C0449255
27570938	1609	1616	Parents	T099	C0030551
27570938	1624	1636	considerable	T078	C0750591
27570938	1646	1655	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27570938	1665	1671	enable	T041	C1171285
27570938	1680	1686	choose	T052	C1707391
27570938	1691	1711	they should act (be)	T169	C0542341
27570938	1716	1735	what they should do	T169	C0542341
27570938	1749	1753	help	T080	C1269765
27570938	1758	1765	support	T077	C1521721
27570938	1772	1777	child	T100	C0008059
27570938	1789	1796	patient	T101	C0030705
27570938	1802	1816	family members	T099	C0086282
27570938	1825	1838	professionals	T097	C1704312
27570938	1843	1861	mutually dependent	T098	C1962923
27570938	1869	1878	important	T080	C3898777
27570938	1882	1886	make	T169	C1881534
27570938	1887	1893	use of	T169	C1524063
27570938	1894	1898	each	T081	C1457900
27570938	1899	1906	other's	T080	C0205394
27570938	1907	1916	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27570938	1922	1933	partnership	T058	C0030610
27570938	1947	1953	common	T081	C0205214
27570938	1954	1969	caring strategy	T058	C2735110

27570955|t|Functional Neuroimaging Pilot Study of Borderline Personality Disorder in Adolescents
27570955|a|Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is being increasingly recognized by clinicians working with adolescents, and the reliability and validity of the diagnosis have been established in the adolescent population. Adolescence is known to be a period of high risk for BPD development as most patients identify the onset of their symptoms to be in the adolescent period. As with other mental health disorders, personality disorder, are thought to result from the interaction between biological and environmental factors. Functional neuroimaging studies are reporting an increasing amount of data on abnormal neuronal functions in BPD adult patients. However, no functional neuroimaging studies have been conducted in adolescents with BPD .Objectives This pilot project aims to evaluate the feasibility of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study coupled with clinical and psychological measures in adolescent girls with a diagnosis of BPD. It also aims to identify neuronal regions of interest (ROI) for the study of BPD in adolescent girls .Method Six female adolescents meeting DSM-IV criteria for BPD and 6 female adolescents without psychiatric disorder were recruited. Both groups were evaluated for BPD symptoms, depressive symptoms, impulsivity, affective lability, and other potential psychiatric comorbidities. We used fMRI to compare patterns of regional brain activation between these two groups as they viewed 20 positive, 20 negative and 20 neutral emotion-inducing pictures, which were presented in random order .Results Participants were recruited over a period of 22 months. The protocol was well tolerated by participants. Mean age of the BPD group and control group was 15.8 ± 0.9 years-old and 15.5 ± 1.2 years-old respectively. Psychiatric comorbidity and use of medication was common among participants in the BPD group. This group showed higher impulsivity and affective lability scores. For the fMRI task, BPD patients demonstrated greater differences in activation than controls, when viewing negative pictures compared with neutral pictures, in limbic regions (amygdala and right hippocampus and parahippocampal areas) as well as in the superior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus and cerebellum, while control group showed greater activation in left precentral gyrus and right orbitofrontal area. Viewing positive pictures compared with neutral pictures led to increased activation of the left hippocampus and both parahippocampal regions, as well as middle cingulate cortex, superior temporal gyrus and cerebellum in the BPD group. In the control group, positive-scene viewing led to increased activity in the left superior parietal gyrus and right middle / superior temporal gyrus .Conclusion Limbic regions and areas from the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex are potential ROI for the study of the neurophysiology of BPD in female adolescents. The larger studies are needed to better understand the neural features found in these young patients.
27570955	0	35	Functional Neuroimaging Pilot Study	T062	C0031928
27570955	39	70	Borderline Personality Disorder	T048	C3825111
27570955	74	85	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27570955	86	117	Borderline personality disorder	T048	C3825111
27570955	119	122	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	160	170	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27570955	184	195	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27570955	205	229	reliability and validity	T080	C0035036
27570955	237	246	diagnosis	T080	C1704338
27570955	276	286	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27570955	287	297	population	T098	C1257890
27570955	299	310	Adolescence	T079	C0001578
27570955	328	334	period	T079	C1948053
27570955	338	347	high risk	T033	C0332167
27570955	352	355	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	356	367	development	T169	C1527148
27570955	376	384	patients	T101	C0030705
27570955	398	406	onset of	T080	C0332162
27570955	413	421	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27570955	435	445	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27570955	446	452	period	T079	C1948053
27570955	468	491	mental health disorders	T048	C0004936
27570955	493	513	personality disorder	T048	C0031212
27570955	546	557	interaction	T169	C1704675
27570955	566	576	biological	T123	C0005515
27570955	581	602	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
27570955	604	635	Functional neuroimaging studies	T062	C0242481
27570955	674	678	data	T078	C1511726
27570955	682	690	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27570955	691	709	neuronal functions	T042	C1254358
27570955	713	716	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	717	722	adult	T100	C0001675
27570955	723	731	patients	T101	C0030705
27570955	745	776	functional neuroimaging studies	T062	C0242481
27570955	800	811	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27570955	817	820	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	838	851	pilot project	T062	C0031928
27570955	860	868	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27570955	890	927	functional magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0376335
27570955	929	933	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27570955	935	940	study	T062	C2603343
27570955	954	962	clinical	T058	C0947289
27570955	967	989	psychological measures	T058	C1254363
27570955	993	1003	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27570955	1004	1009	girls	T100	C0870604
27570955	1017	1026	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27570955	1030	1033	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	1060	1068	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27570955	1069	1088	regions of interest	T082	C0807727
27570955	1090	1093	ROI	T169	C1704675
27570955	1103	1108	study	T062	C2603343
27570955	1112	1115	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	1119	1129	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27570955	1130	1135	girls	T100	C0870604
27570955	1148	1166	female adolescents	T100	C0001588
27570955	1175	1181	DSM-IV	T170	C0220952
27570955	1182	1190	criteria	T078	C0243161
27570955	1195	1198	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	1205	1223	female adolescents	T100	C0001588
27570955	1232	1252	psychiatric disorder	T048	C0004936
27570955	1258	1267	recruited	T052	C2949735
27570955	1274	1280	groups	T078	C0441833
27570955	1300	1303	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	1304	1312	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27570955	1314	1333	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27570955	1335	1346	impulsivity	T055	C0021125
27570955	1348	1366	affective lability	T048	C0859025
27570955	1388	1413	psychiatric comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27570955	1423	1427	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27570955	1439	1447	patterns	T082	C0449774
27570955	1451	1459	regional	T082	C0205147
27570955	1460	1465	brain	T023	C0006104
27570955	1466	1476	activation	T044	C1148560
27570955	1495	1501	groups	T078	C0441833
27570955	1520	1528	positive	T170	C1704254
27570955	1533	1541	negative	T170	C1704254
27570955	1549	1582	neutral emotion-inducing pictures	T170	C1704254
27570955	1608	1614	random	T080	C0439605
27570955	1615	1620	order	T080	C1705176
27570955	1630	1642	Participants	T098	C0679646
27570955	1648	1657	recruited	T052	C2949735
27570955	1665	1671	period	T079	C1948053
27570955	1678	1684	months	T079	C0439231
27570955	1690	1698	protocol	T061	C0008971
27570955	1721	1733	participants	T098	C0679646
27570955	1735	1739	Mean	T081	C0444504
27570955	1740	1743	age	T032	C0001779
27570955	1751	1754	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	1755	1760	group	T078	C0441833
27570955	1765	1778	control group	T096	C0009932
27570955	1794	1803	years-old	T079	C1510829
27570955	1819	1828	years-old	T079	C1510829
27570955	1843	1866	Psychiatric comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27570955	1878	1888	medication	T058	C2081612
27570955	1906	1918	participants	T098	C0679646
27570955	1926	1929	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	1930	1935	group	T078	C0441833
27570955	1942	1947	group	T078	C0441833
27570955	1962	1973	impulsivity	T055	C0021125
27570955	1978	1996	affective lability	T048	C0859025
27570955	1997	2003	scores	T081	C0449820
27570955	2013	2017	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27570955	2024	2027	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	2028	2036	patients	T101	C0030705
27570955	2058	2069	differences	T080	C1705242
27570955	2073	2083	activation	T044	C1148560
27570955	2089	2097	controls	T096	C0009932
27570955	2112	2129	negative pictures	T170	C1704254
27570955	2144	2160	neutral pictures	T170	C1704254
27570955	2165	2171	limbic	T022	C0023715
27570955	2172	2179	regions	T029	C0005898
27570955	2181	2189	amygdala	T023	C0002708
27570955	2194	2211	right hippocampus	T023	C2327364
27570955	2216	2231	parahippocampal	T023	C0228249
27570955	2232	2237	areas	T082	C0205146
27570955	2257	2279	superior frontal gyrus	T023	C0152296
27570955	2281	2303	right precentral gyrus	T023	C2331927
27570955	2308	2318	cerebellum	T023	C0007765
27570955	2326	2339	control group	T096	C0009932
27570955	2355	2365	activation	T044	C1148560
27570955	2369	2390	left precentral gyrus	T023	C2324765
27570955	2395	2419	right orbitofrontal area	T029	C2949891
27570955	2429	2446	positive pictures	T170	C1704254
27570955	2461	2477	neutral pictures	T170	C1704254
27570955	2495	2505	activation	T044	C1148560
27570955	2513	2529	left hippocampus	T023	C2329590
27570955	2539	2554	parahippocampal	T023	C0228249
27570955	2555	2562	regions	T029	C0005898
27570955	2575	2581	middle	T082	C0444598
27570955	2582	2598	cingulate cortex	T023	C0598179
27570955	2600	2623	superior temporal gyrus	T023	C0152309
27570955	2628	2638	cerebellum	T023	C0007765
27570955	2646	2649	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	2650	2655	group	T078	C0441833
27570955	2664	2677	control group	T096	C0009932
27570955	2709	2718	increased	T081	C0205217
27570955	2719	2727	activity	T052	C0441655
27570955	2735	2739	left	T082	C0205091
27570955	2740	2763	superior parietal gyrus	T023	C0152303
27570955	2768	2780	right middle	T023	C2339358
27570955	2783	2806	superior temporal gyrus	T023	C2330566
27570955	2819	2825	Limbic	T022	C0023715
27570955	2826	2833	regions	T029	C0005898
27570955	2838	2843	areas	T082	C0205146
27570955	2853	2863	prefrontal	T023	C0162783
27570955	2868	2888	orbitofrontal cortex	T029	C2331062
27570955	2903	2906	ROI	T169	C1704675
27570955	2928	2943	neurophysiology	T039	C0700630
27570955	2947	2950	BPD	T048	C3825111
27570955	2954	2972	female adolescents	T100	C0001588
27570955	3029	3035	neural	T025	C0027882
27570955	3036	3044	features	T080	C1521970
27570955	3060	3065	young	T079	C0332239
27570955	3066	3074	patients	T101	C0030705

27570972|t|Genomic Analyses of Cladophialophora bantiana, a Major Cause of Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis Provides Insight into Its Lifestyle, Virulence and Adaption in Host
27570972|a|Cladophialophora bantiana is a dematiaceous fungus with a predilection for causing central nervous system (CNS) infection manifesting as brain abscess in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. In this paper, we report comprehensive genomic analyses of C. bantiana isolated from the brain abscess of an immunocompetent man, the first reported case in Malaysia and Southeast Asia. The identity of the fungus was determined using combined morphological analysis and multilocus phylogeny. The draft genome sequence of a neurotrophic fungus, C. bantiana UM 956 was generated using Illumina sequencing technology to dissect its genetic fundamental and basic biology. The assembled 37.1 Mb genome encodes 12,155 putative coding genes, of which, 1.01% are predicted transposable elements. Its genomic features support its saprophytic lifestyle, renowned for its versatility in decomposing hemicellulose and pectin components. The C. bantiana UM 956 was also found to carry some important putative genes that engaged in pathogenicity, iron uptake and homeostasis as well as adaptation to various stresses to enable the organism to survive in hostile microenvironment. This wealth of resource will further catalyse more downstream functional studies to provide better understanding on how this fungus can be a successful and persistent pathogen in human.
27570972	0	16	Genomic Analyses	T059	C3854164
27570972	20	45	Cladophialophora bantiana	T004	C0008888
27570972	64	90	Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis	T047	C3178945
27570972	117	126	Lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27570972	128	137	Virulence	T038	C0042765
27570972	142	150	Adaption	T040	C0000934
27570972	154	158	Host	T001	C1167395
27570972	159	184	Cladophialophora bantiana	T004	C0008888
27570972	190	209	dematiaceous fungus	T034	C4303450
27570972	242	280	central nervous system (CNS) infection	T047	C0007684
27570972	296	309	brain abscess	T047	C0006105
27570972	318	333	immunocompetent	T201	C1512656
27570972	338	364	immunocompromised patients	T033	C0085393
27570972	405	421	genomic analyses	T059	C3854164
27570972	425	436	C. bantiana	T004	C0008888
27570972	455	468	brain abscess	T047	C0006105
27570972	475	490	immunocompetent	T201	C1512656
27570972	491	494	man	T098	C0025266
27570972	523	531	Malaysia	T083	C0024552
27570972	536	550	Southeast Asia	T083	C0003983
27570972	572	578	fungus	T004	C0016832
27570972	609	622	morphological	T082	C0543482
27570972	623	631	analysis	T062	C0936012
27570972	647	656	phylogeny	T078	C0031797
27570972	662	683	draft genome sequence	T085	C2348746
27570972	689	708	neurotrophic fungus	T004	C0016832
27570972	710	728	C. bantiana UM 956	T004	C0008888
27570972	749	779	Illumina sequencing technology	T063	C1513384
27570972	795	802	genetic	T169	C0314603
27570972	825	832	biology	T091	C0026376
27570972	856	862	genome	T028	C0017428
27570972	863	870	encodes	T052	C2700640
27570972	887	899	coding genes	T028	C3839127
27570972	931	952	transposable elements	T114	C0012868
27570972	958	974	genomic features	T059	C2986505
27570972	987	1008	saprophytic lifestyle	T001	C0562638
27570972	1054	1067	hemicellulose	T109	C0062221
27570972	1072	1078	pectin	T109,T121	C0070203
27570972	1079	1089	components	T002	C0243055
27570972	1095	1113	C. bantiana UM 956	T004	C0008888
27570972	1162	1167	genes	T028	C0017337
27570972	1184	1197	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
27570972	1199	1203	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27570972	1204	1210	uptake	T039	C0243144
27570972	1215	1226	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27570972	1238	1248	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27570972	1260	1268	stresses	T046	C0449430
27570972	1283	1291	organism	T001	C0029235
27570972	1295	1302	survive	T052	C0038952
27570972	1303	1330	in hostile microenvironment	T082	C4072789
27570972	1383	1393	downstream	T082	C0522506
27570972	1457	1463	fungus	T004	C0016832
27570972	1488	1498	persistent	T079	C0205322
27570972	1499	1507	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27570972	1511	1516	human	T016	C0086418

27571215|t|Vasopressin regulates the growth of the biliary epithelium in polycystic liver disease
27571215|a|The neurohypophysial hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) acts by three distinct receptor subtypes: V1a, V1b, and V2. In the liver, AVP is involved in ureogenesis, glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis and regeneration. No data exist about the presence of AVP in the biliary epithelium. Cholangiocytes are the target cells in a number of animal models of cholestasis, including bile duct ligation (BDL), and in several human pathologies, such as polycystic liver disease characterized by the presence of cysts that bud from the biliary epithelium. In vivo, liver fragments from normal and BDL mice and rats as well as liver samples from normal and ADPKD patients were collected to evaluate: (i) intrahepatic bile duct mass by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin-19; and (ii) expression of V1a, V1b and V2 by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. In vitro, small and large mouse cholangiocytes, H69 (non-malignant human cholangiocytes) and LCDE (human cholangiocytes from the cystic epithelium) were stimulated with vasopressin in the absence/ presence of AVP antagonists such as OPC-31260 and Tolvaptan, before assessing cellular growth by MTT assay and cAMP levels. Cholangiocytes express V2 receptor that was upregulated following BDL and in ADPKD liver samples. Administration of AVP increased proliferation and cAMP levels of small cholangiocytes and LCDE cells. We found no effect in the proliferation of large mouse cholangiocytes and H69 cells. Increases were blocked by preincubation with the AVP antagonists. These results showed that AVP and its receptors may be important in the modulation of the proliferation rate of the biliary epithelium.
27571215	0	11	Vasopressin	T116,T121,T125	C0042413
27571215	12	32	regulates the growth	T043	C0596286
27571215	40	58	biliary epithelium	T025	C3686472
27571215	62	86	polycystic liver disease	T019,T047	C0158683
27571215	91	115	neurohypophysial hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0032017
27571215	116	136	arginine vasopressin	T116,T121,T125	C0003779
27571215	138	141	AVP	T116,T121,T125	C0003779
27571215	166	174	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27571215	185	188	V1a	T116,T192	C0284725
27571215	190	193	V1b	T116,T192	C0284726
27571215	199	201	V2	T116,T192	C0162829
27571215	210	215	liver	T023	C0023884
27571215	217	220	AVP	T116,T121,T125	C0003779
27571215	224	232	involved	T169	C1314939
27571215	236	247	ureogenesis	T044	C0597619
27571215	249	263	glycogenolysis	T044	C0596624
27571215	265	280	neoglucogenesis	T044	C0598530
27571215	285	297	regeneration	T042	C0034963
27571215	323	331	presence	T033	C0150312
27571215	335	338	AVP	T116,T121,T125	C0003779
27571215	346	364	biliary epithelium	T025	C3686472
27571215	366	380	Cholangiocytes	T025	C3686472
27571215	389	401	target cells	T025	C0221284
27571215	417	430	animal models	T050	C0012644
27571215	434	445	cholestasis	T047	C0008370
27571215	457	466	bile duct	T023	C0005400
27571215	467	475	ligation	T061	C0023690
27571215	477	480	BDL	T061	C0023690
27571215	498	503	human	T016	C0086418
27571215	504	515	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27571215	525	549	polycystic liver disease	T019,T047	C0158683
27571215	550	563	characterized	T052	C1880022
27571215	571	579	presence	T033	C0150312
27571215	583	588	cysts	T047	C0010709
27571215	607	625	biliary epithelium	T025	C3686472
27571215	627	634	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27571215	636	641	liver	T023	C0023884
27571215	642	651	fragments	T031	C0486805
27571215	668	671	BDL	T061	C0023690
27571215	672	676	mice	T015	C0025929
27571215	681	685	rats	T015	C0034721
27571215	697	710	liver samples	T024	C0586689
27571215	727	732	ADPKD	T019,T047	C0085413
27571215	733	741	patients	T101	C0030705
27571215	774	786	intrahepatic	T082	C1512948
27571215	787	796	bile duct	T023	C0005400
27571215	797	801	mass	T033	C0577559
27571215	805	825	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27571215	830	844	cytokeratin-19	T116	C0010803
27571215	855	865	expression	T045	C0597360
27571215	869	872	V1a	T116,T192	C0284725
27571215	874	877	V1b	T116,T192	C0284726
27571215	882	884	V2	T116,T192	C0162829
27571215	888	908	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27571215	910	928	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
27571215	933	946	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27571215	948	956	In vitro	T080	C1533691
27571215	974	979	mouse	T015	C0025929
27571215	980	994	cholangiocytes	T025	C3686472
27571215	996	999	H69	T025	C0007634
27571215	1001	1014	non-malignant	T080	C1518371
27571215	1015	1020	human	T016	C0086418
27571215	1021	1035	cholangiocytes	T025	C3686472
27571215	1041	1045	LCDE	T025	C0007634
27571215	1047	1052	human	T016	C0086418
27571215	1053	1067	cholangiocytes	T025	C3686472
27571215	1077	1094	cystic epithelium	T190	C0259770
27571215	1101	1111	stimulated	T044	C0038337
27571215	1117	1128	vasopressin	T116,T121,T125	C0042413
27571215	1145	1153	presence	T033	C0150312
27571215	1157	1172	AVP antagonists	T116,T121,T125	C1719946
27571215	1181	1190	OPC-31260	T109,T121	C0171458
27571215	1195	1204	Tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
27571215	1223	1238	cellular growth	T043	C0007595
27571215	1242	1251	MTT assay	T059	C0201596
27571215	1256	1260	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27571215	1269	1283	Cholangiocytes	T025	C3686472
27571215	1292	1303	V2 receptor	T116,T192	C0162829
27571215	1313	1324	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27571215	1335	1338	BDL	T061	C0023690
27571215	1346	1351	ADPKD	T019,T047	C0085413
27571215	1352	1365	liver samples	T024	C0586689
27571215	1367	1381	Administration	T061	C1533734
27571215	1385	1388	AVP	T116,T121,T125	C0003779
27571215	1389	1398	increased	T081	C0205217
27571215	1399	1412	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27571215	1417	1421	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27571215	1438	1452	cholangiocytes	T025	C3686472
27571215	1457	1467	LCDE cells	T025	C0007634
27571215	1478	1487	no effect	T080	C1301751
27571215	1495	1508	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27571215	1518	1523	mouse	T015	C0025929
27571215	1524	1538	cholangiocytes	T025	C3686472
27571215	1543	1552	H69 cells	T025	C0007634
27571215	1554	1563	Increases	T169	C0442805
27571215	1569	1576	blocked	T169	C0332206
27571215	1580	1593	preincubation	T059	C1441618
27571215	1603	1618	AVP antagonists	T116,T121,T125	C1719946
27571215	1626	1633	results	T169	C1274040
27571215	1646	1649	AVP	T116,T121,T125	C0003779
27571215	1658	1667	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27571215	1692	1702	modulation	UnknownType	C0544633
27571215	1710	1728	proliferation rate	T034	C0812425
27571215	1736	1754	biliary epithelium	T025	C3686472

27571223|t|Central Corneal Thickness Reproducibility among Ten Different Instruments
27571223|a|To assess agreement between one ultrasonic (US) and nine optical instruments for the measurement of central corneal thickness (CCT), and to evaluate intra- and inter-operator reproducibility. In this observational cross-sectional study, two masked operators measured CCT thickness twice in 28 healthy eyes. We used seven spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) devices, one time-domain OCT, one Scheimpflug camera, and one US-based instrument. Inter- and intra-operator reproducibility was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and Bland-Altman test analysis. Instrument -to- instrument reproducibility was determined by ANOVA for repeated measurements. We also tested how the devices disagreed regarding systemic bias and random error using a structural equation model. Mean CCT of all instruments ranged from 536 ± 42 μm to 577 ± 40 μm. An instrument -to- instrument correlation test showed high values among the 10 investigated devices (correlation coefficient range 0.852-0.995; p values <0.0001 in all cases). The highest correlation coefficient values were registered between 3D OCT-2000 Topcon-Spectral OCT/SLO Opko (0.995) and Cirrus HD-OCT Zeiss-RS-3000 Nidek (0.995), whereas the lowest were seen between SS-1000 CASIA and Spectral OCT/SLO Opko (0.852). ICC and CV showed excellent inter- and intra-operator reproducibility for all optic -based devices, except for the US -based device. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated low mean biases between operators. Despite highlighting good intra- and inter-operator reproducibility, we found that a scale bias between instruments might interfere with thorough CCT monitoring. We suggest that optimal monitoring is achieved with the same operator and the same device.
27571223	0	25	Central Corneal Thickness	T201	C1720164
27571223	26	41	Reproducibility	T081	C0035149
27571223	62	73	Instruments	T073	C1518597
27571223	77	83	assess	T058	C0184514
27571223	106	116	ultrasonic	T074	C1875843
27571223	118	120	US	T074	C1875843
27571223	131	150	optical instruments	T073	C1518597
27571223	159	170	measurement	T169	C0242485
27571223	174	199	central corneal thickness	T201	C1720164
27571223	201	204	CCT	T201	C1720164
27571223	214	222	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27571223	223	264	intra- and inter-operator reproducibility	T081	C0035149
27571223	288	309	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27571223	341	344	CCT	T201	C1720164
27571223	367	374	healthy	T080	C3898900
27571223	375	379	eyes	T023	C0015392
27571223	395	456	spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) devices	T074	C3876157
27571223	458	477	one time-domain OCT	T074	C4052697
27571223	483	501	Scheimpflug camera	T074	C0179543
27571223	511	530	US-based instrument	T074	C1875843
27571223	532	573	Inter- and intra-operator reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27571223	578	587	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27571223	591	625	intraclass correlation coefficient	T081	C0010100
27571223	627	630	ICC	T081	C0010100
27571223	633	657	coefficient of variation	T081	C0681921
27571223	659	661	CV	T081	C0681921
27571223	668	685	Bland-Altman test	T170	C0870616
27571223	686	694	analysis	T062	C0936012
27571223	696	706	Instrument	T074	C0348000
27571223	712	722	instrument	T074	C0348000
27571223	723	738	reproducibility	T081	C0035149
27571223	757	762	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27571223	798	804	tested	T169	C0039593
27571223	813	820	devices	T074	C0025080
27571223	841	849	systemic	T169	C0205373
27571223	850	854	bias	T078	C0242568
27571223	859	865	random	T080	C0439605
27571223	866	871	error	T080	C0743559
27571223	880	905	structural equation model	T062	C0681947
27571223	912	915	CCT	T201	C1720164
27571223	923	934	instruments	T074	C0348000
27571223	978	988	instrument	T074	C0348000
27571223	994	1004	instrument	T074	C0348000
27571223	1005	1021	correlation test	T170	C1707521
27571223	1029	1033	high	T080	C0205250
27571223	1034	1040	values	T080	C0042295
27571223	1054	1066	investigated	T169	C1292732
27571223	1067	1074	devices	T074	C0025080
27571223	1076	1099	correlation coefficient	T081	C0010100
27571223	1100	1105	range	T081	C1514721
27571223	1119	1127	p values	T081	C1709380
27571223	1230	1258	Topcon-Spectral OCT/SLO Opko	T073	C1518597
27571223	1271	1304	Cirrus HD-OCT Zeiss-RS-3000 Nidek	T073	C1518597
27571223	1351	1364	SS-1000 CASIA	T073	C1518597
27571223	1369	1390	Spectral OCT/SLO Opko	T073	C1518597
27571223	1400	1403	ICC	T081	C0010100
27571223	1408	1410	CV	T081	C0681921
27571223	1428	1469	inter- and intra-operator reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27571223	1478	1483	optic	T090	C0029144
27571223	1491	1498	devices	T074	C0025080
27571223	1515	1517	US	T074	C1875843
27571223	1525	1531	device	T074	C0025080
27571223	1533	1545	Bland-Altman	T170	C0870616
27571223	1546	1554	analysis	T062	C0936012
27571223	1577	1583	biases	T078	C0242568
27571223	1629	1670	intra- and inter-operator reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27571223	1688	1693	scale	T170	C0349674
27571223	1694	1698	bias	T078	C0242568
27571223	1707	1718	instruments	T074	C0348000
27571223	1725	1739	interfere with	T169	C0521102
27571223	1749	1752	CCT	T201	C1720164
27571223	1753	1763	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27571223	1781	1788	optimal	T080	C2698651
27571223	1789	1799	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27571223	1848	1854	device	T074	C0025080

27571264|t|Flow-Induced Dispersion Analysis for Probing Anti-dsDNA Antibody Binding Heterogeneity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Toward a New Approach for Diagnosis and Patient Stratification
27571264|a|Detection of immune responses is important in the diagnosis of many diseases. For example, the detection of circulating autoantibodies against double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is used in the diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). It is, however, difficult to reach satisfactory sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy with established assays. Also, existing methodologies for quantification of autoantibodies are challenging to transfer to a point-of-care setting. Here we present the use of flow-induced dispersion analysis (FIDA) for rapid (minutes) measurement of autoantibodies against dsDNA. The assay is based on Taylor dispersion analysis (TDA) and is fully automated with the use of standard capillary electrophoresis (CE) based equipment employing fluorescence detection. It is robust toward matrix effects as demonstrated by the direct analysis of samples composed of up to 85% plasma derived from human blood samples, and it allows for flexible exchange of the DNA sequences used to probe for the autoantibodies. Plasma samples from SLE positive patients were analyzed using the new FIDA methodology as well as by standard indirect immunofluorescence and solid-phase immunoassays. Interestingly, the patient antibodies bound DNA sequences with different affinities, suggesting pronounced heterogeneity among autoantibodies produced in SLE. The FIDA based methodology is a new approach for autoantibody detection and holds promise for being used for patient stratification and monitoring of disease activity.
27571264	0	32	Flow-Induced Dispersion Analysis	T059	C0022885
27571264	37	44	Probing	T059	C0022885
27571264	45	64	Anti-dsDNA Antibody	T116,T129	C2746079
27571264	65	72	Binding	T044	C1167622
27571264	73	86	Heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27571264	90	118	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	T047	C0024141
27571264	119	127	Patients	T101	C0030705
27571264	155	164	Diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27571264	169	176	Patient	T101	C0030705
27571264	177	191	Stratification	T062	C1514983
27571264	192	201	Detection	T061	C1511790
27571264	205	221	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27571264	242	251	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27571264	260	268	diseases	T047	C0012634
27571264	287	296	detection	T061	C1511790
27571264	300	311	circulating	T169	C0175630
27571264	312	326	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
27571264	335	354	double-stranded DNA	T114,T123	C0311474
27571264	356	361	dsDNA	T114,T123	C0311474
27571264	378	387	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27571264	391	419	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	T047	C0024141
27571264	421	424	SLE	T047	C0024141
27571264	475	486	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27571264	488	499	specificity	T081	C0037791
27571264	505	513	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27571264	531	537	assays	T059	C0005507
27571264	554	567	methodologies	T062	C0086912
27571264	572	586	quantification	T081	C1709793
27571264	590	604	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
27571264	688	720	flow-induced dispersion analysis	T059	C0022885
27571264	722	726	FIDA	T062	C0242481
27571264	732	737	rapid	T080	C0456962
27571264	739	746	minutes	T079	C0439232
27571264	748	777	measurement of autoantibodies	T059	C1272321
27571264	786	791	dsDNA	T114,T123	C0311474
27571264	797	802	assay	T059	C0005507
27571264	815	841	Taylor dispersion analysis	T059	C0022885
27571264	843	846	TDA	T062	C0242481
27571264	861	870	automated	T169	C0205554
27571264	887	895	standard	T080	C1442989
27571264	896	921	capillary electrophoresis	T059	C0201699
27571264	923	925	CE	T059	C0201699
27571264	933	942	equipment	T073	C0014672
27571264	953	965	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27571264	966	975	detection	T061	C1511790
27571264	983	989	robust	T080	C2986815
27571264	1004	1011	effects	T080	C1280500
27571264	1035	1041	direct	T080	C1947931
27571264	1042	1061	analysis of samples	T059	C1303103
27571264	1084	1090	plasma	T031	C0032105
27571264	1104	1109	human	T016	C0086418
27571264	1110	1123	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27571264	1143	1160	flexible exchange	T201	C4019011
27571264	1168	1181	DNA sequences	T086	C0162326
27571264	1190	1195	probe	T114,T130	C0012893
27571264	1204	1218	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
27571264	1220	1234	Plasma samples	T031	C0444263
27571264	1240	1243	SLE	T047	C0024141
27571264	1244	1252	positive	T033	C1446409
27571264	1253	1261	patients	T101	C0030705
27571264	1267	1275	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27571264	1290	1294	FIDA	T062	C0242481
27571264	1295	1306	methodology	T062	C0086912
27571264	1321	1329	standard	T080	C1442989
27571264	1330	1338	indirect	T080	C0439852
27571264	1339	1357	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
27571264	1362	1386	solid-phase immunoassays	T059	C0005507
27571264	1407	1414	patient	T101	C0030705
27571264	1415	1425	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27571264	1426	1431	bound	T044	C1167622
27571264	1432	1445	DNA sequences	T086	C0162326
27571264	1461	1471	affinities	T070	C1510827
27571264	1495	1508	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27571264	1515	1529	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
27571264	1542	1545	SLE	T047	C0024141
27571264	1551	1555	FIDA	T062	C0242481
27571264	1562	1573	methodology	T062	C0086912
27571264	1596	1608	autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
27571264	1609	1618	detection	T061	C1511790
27571264	1656	1663	patient	T101	C0030705
27571264	1664	1678	stratification	T062	C1514983
27571264	1683	1713	monitoring of disease activity	T058	C1283169

27571385|t|Diagnostic Accuracy of Anthropometric Indicators in the Prediction of Urinary Incontinence in Physically Active Older Women
27571385|a|Purpose To determine the diagnostic accuracy and the cutoff point of the variables conicity index, waist to height ratio and fat percentage to detect urinary incontinence in physically active older women. Method A total of 152 women were analyzed. The instruments used were the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ [Area 4]) to check the level of physical activity, and the Diagnostic Form to obtain sociodemographic data and presence of urinary incontinence. To calculate the conicity index, waist to height ratio and fat percentage, body mass, height and waist circumference were measured. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Cutoff points, sensitivity (S) and specificity (SP) were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A 5% significance level was adopted. Results The prevalence of urinary incontinence was of 32.2%. The cutoff point with better sensitivity and specificity for the conicity index was 1.23 (S = 87.8; SP = 35.9); for the waist to height ratio, it was 0.57 (S = 79.6; SP = 45.6); and for the fat percentage, it was 39.71 (S = 89.8; SP = 42.7). The area under the ROC curve was 0.666 for the conicity index, 0.653 for the waist to height ratio, and 0.660 for the fat percentage. Conclusions The cutoff points for the anthropometric measurements conicity index, waist to height ratio and fat percentage indicate that these measures can be used to predict urinary incontinence in physically active older women. Furthermore, fat percentage seemed to be the best measure for this population.
27571385	0	19	Diagnostic Accuracy	T080	C0598285
27571385	23	48	Anthropometric Indicators	T170	C2598146
27571385	56	66	Prediction	T078	C0681842
27571385	70	90	Urinary Incontinence	T046	C0042024
27571385	94	111	Physically Active	T033	C0556453
27571385	112	123	Older Women	T098	C0043210
27571385	149	168	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
27571385	177	189	cutoff point	T080	C0205556
27571385	197	221	variables conicity index	T170	C0918012
27571385	223	244	waist to height ratio	T033	C1821269
27571385	249	263	fat percentage	T033	C0518026
27571385	267	273	detect	T033	C0442726
27571385	274	294	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
27571385	298	315	physically active	T033	C0556453
27571385	316	327	older women	T098	C0043210
27571385	351	356	women	T098	C0043210
27571385	362	370	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27571385	376	387	instruments	T074	C0348000
27571385	402	447	International Physical Activity Questionnaire	T170	C4264334
27571385	449	453	IPAQ	T170	C4264334
27571385	467	472	check	T052	C1283174
27571385	477	482	level	T080	C0441889
27571385	486	503	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27571385	513	523	Diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27571385	524	528	Form	T080	C0348078
27571385	539	555	sociodemographic	T033	C0578829
27571385	556	560	data	T078	C1511726
27571385	565	573	presence	T033	C0150312
27571385	577	597	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
27571385	602	611	calculate	T052	C1441506
27571385	616	630	conicity index	T170	C0918012
27571385	632	653	waist to height ratio	T033	C1821269
27571385	658	672	fat percentage	T033	C0518026
27571385	674	683	body mass	T033	C0518010
27571385	685	715	height and waist circumference	T081	C0332520
27571385	721	729	measured	T080	C0444706
27571385	731	742	Descriptive	T170	C0678257
27571385	747	769	inferential statistics	T081	C2828391
27571385	781	794	Cutoff points	T080	C0205556
27571385	796	807	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27571385	809	810	S	T081	C1511883
27571385	816	827	specificity	T081	C0037791
27571385	829	831	SP	T081	C0037791
27571385	838	851	determined by	T080	C0521095
27571385	852	898	receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves	T081	C0035787
27571385	905	923	significance level	T062	C0814896
27571385	949	959	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27571385	963	983	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
27571385	1002	1014	cutoff point	T080	C0205556
27571385	1027	1038	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27571385	1043	1054	specificity	T081	C0037791
27571385	1063	1077	conicity index	T170	C0918012
27571385	1088	1089	S	T081	C1511883
27571385	1098	1100	SP	T081	C0037791
27571385	1118	1139	waist to height ratio	T033	C1821269
27571385	1154	1155	S	T081	C1511883
27571385	1164	1166	SP	T081	C0037791
27571385	1188	1202	fat percentage	T033	C0518026
27571385	1218	1219	S	T081	C1511883
27571385	1228	1230	SP	T081	C0037791
27571385	1259	1268	ROC curve	T081	C0035787
27571385	1287	1301	conicity index	T170	C0918012
27571385	1317	1338	waist to height ratio	T033	C1821269
27571385	1358	1372	fat percentage	T033	C0518026
27571385	1390	1403	cutoff points	T080	C0205556
27571385	1412	1439	anthropometric measurements	T170	C2598146
27571385	1440	1454	conicity index	T170	C0918012
27571385	1456	1477	waist to height ratio	T033	C1821269
27571385	1482	1496	fat percentage	T033	C0518026
27571385	1517	1525	measures	T081	C0079809
27571385	1549	1569	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
27571385	1573	1590	physically active	T033	C0556453
27571385	1591	1602	older women	T098	C0043210
27571385	1617	1631	fat percentage	T033	C0518026
27571385	1654	1661	measure	T081	C0079809
27571385	1671	1681	population	T098	C1257890

27571883|t|Predictors of neurologic and nonneurologic death in patients with brain metastasis initially treated with upfront stereotactic radiosurgery without whole-brain radiation therapy
27571883|a|In this study we attempted to discern the factors predictive of neurologic death in patients with brain metastasis treated with upfront stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) without whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) while accounting for the competing risk of nonneurologic death. We performed a retrospective single-institution analysis of patients with brain metastasis treated with upfront SRS without WBRT. Competing risks analysis was performed to estimate the subdistribution hazard ratios (HRs) for neurologic and nonneurologic death for predictor variables of interest. Of 738 patients treated with upfront SRS alone, neurologic death occurred in 226 (30.6%), while nonneurologic death occurred in 309 (41.9%). Multivariate competing risks analysis identified an increased hazard of neurologic death associated with diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) ≤ 2 (P = .005), melanoma histology (P = .009), and increased number of brain metastases (P<.001), while there was a decreased hazard associated with higher SRS dose (P = .004). Targeted agents were associated with a decreased HR of neurologic death in the first 1.5 years (P = .04) but not afterwards. An increased hazard of nonneurologic death was seen with increasing age (P =.03), nonmelanoma histology (P<.001), presence of extracranial disease (P<.001), and progressive systemic disease (P =.004). Melanoma, DS-GPA, number of brain metastases, and SRS dose are predictive of neurologic death, while age, nonmelanoma histology, and more advanced systemic disease are predictive of nonneurologic death. Targeted agents appear to delay neurologic death.
27571883	0	10	Predictors	T078	C2698872
27571883	14	24	neurologic	T046	C0006110
27571883	29	48	nonneurologic death	T033	C1306577
27571883	52	60	patients	T101	C0030705
27571883	66	82	brain metastasis	T191	C0220650
27571883	93	100	treated	T169	C1522326
27571883	106	139	upfront stereotactic radiosurgery	T061	C0085203
27571883	148	177	whole-brain radiation therapy	T061	C1520143
27571883	186	191	study	T062	C2603343
27571883	220	227	factors	T169	C1521761
27571883	228	238	predictive	T080	C0681890
27571883	242	258	neurologic death	T046	C0006110
27571883	262	270	patients	T101	C0030705
27571883	276	292	brain metastasis	T191	C0220650
27571883	293	300	treated	T169	C1522326
27571883	306	339	upfront stereotactic radiosurgery	T061	C0085203
27571883	341	344	SRS	T061	C0085203
27571883	354	383	whole brain radiation therapy	T061	C1520143
27571883	385	389	WBRT	T061	C1520143
27571883	416	430	competing risk	T078	C0035647
27571883	434	453	nonneurologic death	T033	C1306577
27571883	470	483	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27571883	484	502	single-institution	T093	C2607850
27571883	503	511	analysis	T062	C0936012
27571883	515	523	patients	T101	C0030705
27571883	529	545	brain metastasis	T191	C0220650
27571883	546	553	treated	T169	C1522326
27571883	567	570	SRS	T061	C0085203
27571883	579	583	WBRT	T061	C1520143
27571883	585	609	Competing risks analysis	T080	C0814767
27571883	656	669	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27571883	671	674	HRs	T081	C2985465
27571883	680	690	neurologic	T046	C0006110
27571883	695	714	nonneurologic death	T033	C1306577
27571883	719	728	predictor	T078	C2698872
27571883	759	767	patients	T101	C0030705
27571883	768	775	treated	T169	C1522326
27571883	781	792	upfront SRS	T061	C0085203
27571883	800	816	neurologic death	T046	C0006110
27571883	848	867	nonneurologic death	T033	C1306577
27571883	893	930	Multivariate competing risks analysis	T081	C0026777
27571883	945	954	increased	T081	C0205217
27571883	955	961	hazard	T081	C2985465
27571883	965	981	neurologic death	T046	C0006110
27571883	998	1045	diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment	T170	C0282574
27571883	1047	1053	DS-GPA	T170	C0282574
27571883	1071	1079	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27571883	1080	1089	histology	T059	C0344441
27571883	1106	1115	increased	T081	C0205217
27571883	1126	1142	brain metastases	T191	C0220650
27571883	1171	1180	decreased	T081	C0205216
27571883	1181	1187	hazard	T081	C2985465
27571883	1211	1214	SRS	T061	C0085203
27571883	1215	1219	dose	T081	C0178602
27571883	1232	1247	Targeted agents	T121	C1254351
27571883	1271	1280	decreased	T081	C0205216
27571883	1281	1283	HR	T081	C2985465
27571883	1287	1303	neurologic death	T046	C0006110
27571883	1321	1326	years	T079	C0439234
27571883	1360	1369	increased	T081	C0205217
27571883	1370	1376	hazard	T081	C2985465
27571883	1380	1399	nonneurologic death	T033	C1306577
27571883	1425	1428	age	T032	C0001779
27571883	1439	1460	nonmelanoma histology	T059	C0344441
27571883	1483	1503	extracranial disease	T047	C0012634
27571883	1518	1529	progressive	T169	C0205329
27571883	1530	1546	systemic disease	T047	C0442893
27571883	1558	1566	Melanoma	T191	C0025202
27571883	1568	1574	DS-GPA	T170	C0282574
27571883	1576	1582	number	T081	C0237753
27571883	1586	1602	brain metastases	T191	C0220650
27571883	1608	1611	SRS	T061	C0085203
27571883	1612	1616	dose	T081	C0178602
27571883	1621	1631	predictive	T080	C0681890
27571883	1635	1651	neurologic death	T046	C0006110
27571883	1659	1662	age	T032	C0001779
27571883	1664	1685	nonmelanoma histology	T059	C0344441
27571883	1705	1721	systemic disease	T047	C0442893
27571883	1726	1736	predictive	T080	C0681890
27571883	1740	1759	nonneurologic death	T033	C1306577
27571883	1761	1776	Targeted agents	T121	C1254351
27571883	1787	1792	delay	T079	C0205421
27571883	1793	1809	neurologic death	T046	C0006110

27572131|t|Pharmacological Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, and Glucagon
27572131|a|Glucagon family of peptide hormones is a group of structurally related brain-gut peptides that exert their pleiotropic actions through interactions with unique members of class B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). They are key regulators of hormonal homeostasis and are important drug targets for metabolic disorders such as type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and dysregulations of the nervous systems such as migraine, anxiety, depression, neurodegeneration, psychiatric disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The current review aims to provide a detailed overview of the current understanding of the pharmacological actions and therapeutic advances of three members within this family including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon.
27572131	0	23	Pharmacological Actions	T038	C0007992
27572131	27	50	Glucagon-Like Peptide-1	T116	C0061355
27572131	52	82	Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide	T116,T121,T125	C0017132
27572131	88	96	Glucagon	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
27572131	97	112	Glucagon family	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
27572131	116	132	peptide hormones	T116,T125	C0597192
27572131	168	186	brain-gut peptides	T116	C0030956
27572131	204	223	pleiotropic actions	T045	C2936488
27572131	232	244	interactions	T045	C0596610
27572131	250	276	unique members of class B1	T185	C0008902
27572131	277	304	G protein-coupled receptors	T116,T192	C0682972
27572131	306	311	GPCRs	T116,T192	C0682972
27572131	327	337	regulators	T077	C1704735
27572131	341	349	hormonal	T080	C0458083
27572131	350	361	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27572131	380	392	drug targets	T074	C0085104
27572131	397	416	metabolic disorders	T047	C0025517
27572131	425	449	type-2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27572131	451	455	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27572131	458	465	obesity	T047	C0028754
27572131	471	508	dysregulations of the nervous systems	T047	C0027765
27572131	517	525	migraine	T047	C0149931
27572131	527	534	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27572131	536	546	depression	T048	C0011570
27572131	548	565	neurodegeneration	T049	C0027746
27572131	567	588	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
27572131	594	617	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
27572131	665	673	overview	T170	C0814812
27572131	710	733	pharmacological actions	T038	C0007992
27572131	738	758	therapeutic advances	T061	C0087111
27572131	805	828	glucagon-like peptide-1	T116	C0061355
27572131	830	835	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
27572131	838	868	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	T116,T121,T125	C0017132
27572131	870	873	GIP	T116,T121,T125	C0017132
27572131	880	888	glucagon	T116,T121,T125	C0017687

27572277|t|Gut microbiota after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in a diabetic rat model: Increased diversity and associations of discriminant genera with metabolic changes
27572277|a|Recent work with gut microbiota after bariatric surgery is limited, and the results have not been in agreement. Given the role of the gut microbiota in regulating host metabolism, we explored the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on the modifications of gut microbiota with regard to the potential influence of food intake and/or weight loss and examined their links with host metabolism. Zucker diabetic fatty rats were divided into the following groups: RYGB; sham-operated with pair-fed as RYGB; sham-operated fed ad libitum; and SG. The metabolic effects and gut microbiota profile were analyzed 10 weeks postoperatively. Associations between discriminating genera and metabolic markers after RYGB were explored. The 2 procedures induced similar glucose improvement and increased flora diversity after 10 weeks compared with sham-operated groups. RYGB induced a marked higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria and increased emergence of Fusobacteria and Clostridium, whereas SG resulted in more abundant Actinobacteria compared with other groups. Most of the 12 discriminant genera correlated with changes in metabolic phenotype, but only 28.6% of these correlations were independent of weight, and 4 discriminant genera still negatively correlated with serum insulin level independent of food intake and weight loss after RYGB. These data demonstrate that RYGB and SG surgery produced similar diversity but different microbiota compositions changes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. These findings stimulate deeper explorations of functions of the discriminate microbiota and the mechanisms linking postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota and improvements in insulin resistance.
27572277	0	14	Gut microbiota	T001	C2985398
27572277	21	45	Roux-en-Y gastric bypass	T061	C0585179
27572277	50	68	sleeve gastrectomy	T061	C3160799
27572277	74	82	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27572277	83	86	rat	T015	C0034721
27572277	87	92	model	T050	C0012644
27572277	104	113	diversity	T080	C1880371
27572277	134	146	discriminant	T080	C0205235
27572277	147	153	genera	T185	C1708235
27572277	159	168	metabolic	T040	C0025519
27572277	169	176	changes	T169	C0392747
27572277	194	208	gut microbiota	T001	C2985398
27572277	215	232	bariatric surgery	T061	C1456587
27572277	311	325	gut microbiota	T001	C2985398
27572277	340	344	host	T001	C1167395
27572277	345	355	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27572277	383	407	Roux-en-Y gastric bypass	T061	C0585179
27572277	409	413	RYGB	T061	C0585179
27572277	419	437	sleeve gastrectomy	T061	C3160799
27572277	439	441	SG	T061	C3160799
27572277	467	481	gut microbiota	T001	C2985398
27572277	524	528	food	T168	C0016452
27572277	529	535	intake	T169	C1512806
27572277	543	549	weight	T032	C0005910
27572277	550	554	loss	T081	C1517945
27572277	550	554	loss	T081	C1517945
27572277	585	589	host	T001	C1167395
27572277	590	600	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27572277	609	617	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27572277	618	628	fatty rats	T015	C0034721
27572277	661	667	groups	T078	C0441833
27572277	669	673	RYGB	T061	C0585179
27572277	675	688	sham-operated	T061	C0032042
27572277	706	710	RYGB	T061	C0585179
27572277	712	725	sham-operated	T061	C0032042
27572277	746	748	SG	T061	C3160799
27572277	754	771	metabolic effects	T039	C2945675
27572277	776	790	gut microbiota	T001	C2985398
27572277	791	798	profile	T169	C2003903
27572277	804	812	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27572277	816	821	weeks	T079	C0439230
27572277	860	874	discriminating	T080	C0205235
27572277	875	881	genera	T185	C1708235
27572277	886	903	metabolic markers	T123	C1513159
27572277	910	914	RYGB	T061	C0585179
27572277	936	946	procedures	T061	C0087111
27572277	963	970	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27572277	971	982	improvement	T077	C2986411
27572277	997	1002	flora	T001	C2985398
27572277	1003	1012	diversity	T080	C1880371
27572277	1022	1027	weeks	T079	C0439230
27572277	1028	1036	compared	T052	C1707455
27572277	1042	1055	sham-operated	T061	C0032042
27572277	1064	1068	RYGB	T061	C0585179
27572277	1115	1129	Proteobacteria	T007	C0751985
27572277	1132	1151	Gammaproteobacteria	T007	C0751988
27572277	1156	1174	Betaproteobacteria	T007	C0751987
27572277	1202	1214	Fusobacteria	T007	C1222477
27572277	1219	1230	Clostridium	T007	C0009054
27572277	1240	1242	SG	T061	C3160799
27572277	1269	1283	Actinobacteria	T007	C0600148
27572277	1284	1292	compared	T052	C1707455
27572277	1327	1339	discriminant	T080	C0205235
27572277	1340	1346	genera	T185	C1708235
27572277	1347	1357	correlated	T080	C1707520
27572277	1363	1370	changes	T169	C0392747
27572277	1374	1383	metabolic	T040	C0025519
27572277	1384	1393	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27572277	1419	1431	correlations	T080	C1707520
27572277	1452	1458	weight	T032	C0005910
27572277	1466	1478	discriminant	T080	C0205235
27572277	1479	1485	genera	T185	C1708235
27572277	1503	1513	correlated	T080	C1707520
27572277	1519	1538	serum insulin level	T034	C1261415
27572277	1554	1558	food	T168	C0016452
27572277	1559	1565	intake	T169	C1512806
27572277	1570	1576	weight	T032	C0005910
27572277	1577	1581	loss	T081	C1517945
27572277	1588	1592	RYGB	T061	C0585179
27572277	1600	1604	data	T078	C1511726
27572277	1622	1626	RYGB	T061	C0585179
27572277	1631	1633	SG	T061	C3160799
27572277	1634	1641	surgery	T169	C0038895
27572277	1659	1668	diversity	T080	C1880371
27572277	1683	1693	microbiota	T001	C2985398
27572277	1725	1733	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27572277	1734	1744	fatty rats	T015	C0034721
27572277	1794	1803	functions	T040	C0025519
27572277	1811	1823	discriminate	T080	C0205235
27572277	1824	1834	microbiota	T001	C2985398
27572277	1843	1853	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27572277	1862	1874	postsurgical	T079	C1254367
27572277	1875	1885	modulation	T082	C0443264
27572277	1889	1903	gut microbiota	T001	C2985398
27572277	1908	1920	improvements	T077	C2986411
27572277	1924	1942	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655

27572614|t|When and how should we manage thoracic aortic injuries in the modern era?
27572614|a|A best evidence topic in cardiovascular surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was what are the optimum treatment modality and timing of intervention for blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) in the modern era? Of the 697 papers found using the reported search, 14 (5 meta-analyses, 2 prospective and 7 retrospective studies) represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, journal, country, date of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and weakness of these papers are tabulated. All five meta-analyses reported a reduction in mortality with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) compared with open repair (OR), but only four found the same benefit on paraplegia rate. Similarly, the two prospective and four retrospective studies showed significantly lower mortality with TEVAR than with OR. Only one study (a meta-analysis) reported a significantly lower stroke rate with TEVAR than with OR, whereas the 13 others reported a similar or even higher stroke rate. Other complication rates were identical. Four studies demonstrated that non-operative management (NOM) as a treatment option for BTAI was associated with increased mortality, even if it has declined in recent years. One study emphasized that some cases with minimal aortic injuries (Grade I and II on CT scan) could benefit from NOM. Regarding the timing of repair, only three studies analysed outcomes of delayed repair and reported significantly lower mortality than for early repair. We conclude that with lower mortality and similar overall complications including paraplegia but higher stroke rate, TEVAR is the most suitable treatment for BTAI in the modern era, where expertise exists, especially for cases of multiple associated injuries and in the older age group. Delayed aortic repair can be proposed based on CT scan analysis, but emergent repair should still be advocated for imminent free aortic rupture. NOM remains a therapeutic option but only with selected patients.
27572614	30	38	thoracic	T029	C0817096
27572614	39	54	aortic injuries	T037	C0854391
27572614	62	72	modern era	T079	C0019676
27572614	76	89	best evidence	T078	C3828737
27572614	99	113	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27572614	114	121	surgery	T091	C0038894
27572614	126	133	written	T170	C0681288
27572614	149	168	structured protocol	T170	C0442711
27572614	210	227	optimum treatment	T080	C0085415
27572614	228	236	modality	T078	C0695347
27572614	241	247	timing	T079	C0449243
27572614	251	263	intervention	T058	C1273869
27572614	268	296	blunt thoracic aortic injury	T037	C0854391
27572614	298	302	BTAI	T037	C0854391
27572614	311	321	modern era	T079	C0019676
27572614	334	340	papers	T170	C1706852
27572614	357	372	reported search	T062	C0035168
27572614	357	372	reported search	T062	C0035168
27572614	380	393	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
27572614	397	408	prospective	T062	C0033522
27572614	415	436	retrospective studies	T062	C0035363
27572614	454	467	best evidence	T078	C3828737
27572614	482	499	clinical question	T170	C2984039
27572614	505	511	author	T097	C3812881
27572614	513	520	journal	T073,T170	C0162443
27572614	522	529	country	T083	C0454664
27572614	531	535	date	T079	C0011008
27572614	539	550	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27572614	552	573	patient group studied	T098	C1257890
27572614	575	585	study type	T062	C0035171
27572614	587	604	relevant outcomes	T080	C3850123
27572614	606	613	results	T169	C1274040
27572614	636	642	papers	T170	C1706852
27572614	647	656	tabulated	T170	C0242482
27572614	667	680	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
27572614	681	689	reported	T058	C0700287
27572614	692	701	reduction	T080	C0392756
27572614	705	714	mortality	T081	C0026565
27572614	720	755	thoracic endovascular aortic repair	T061	C1611224
27572614	757	762	TEVAR	T061	C1611224
27572614	764	772	compared	T052	C1707455
27572614	778	789	open repair	T061	C2504194
27572614	791	793	OR	T061	C2504194
27572614	810	815	found	T033	C0150312
27572614	820	824	same	T080	C0445247
27572614	825	832	benefit	T081	C0814225
27572614	836	846	paraplegia	T047	C0030486
27572614	847	851	rate	T081	C1521828
27572614	872	883	prospective	T062	C0033522
27572614	893	914	retrospective studies	T062	C0035363
27572614	936	941	lower	T052	C2003888
27572614	942	951	mortality	T081	C0026565
27572614	957	962	TEVAR	T061	C1611224
27572614	973	975	OR	T061	C2504194
27572614	986	991	study	T062	C2603343
27572614	995	1008	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27572614	1010	1018	reported	T058	C0700287
27572614	1035	1040	lower	T052	C2003888
27572614	1041	1047	stroke	T047	C0038454
27572614	1048	1052	rate	T081	C1521828
27572614	1058	1063	TEVAR	T061	C1611224
27572614	1074	1076	OR	T061	C2504194
27572614	1100	1108	reported	T058	C0700287
27572614	1127	1133	higher	T080	C0205250
27572614	1134	1140	stroke	T047	C0038454
27572614	1141	1145	rate	T081	C1521828
27572614	1153	1165	complication	T046	C0009566
27572614	1166	1171	rates	T081	C1521828
27572614	1177	1186	identical	T080	C0205280
27572614	1193	1200	studies	T062	C2603343
27572614	1219	1243	non-operative management	T061	C0087111
27572614	1245	1248	NOM	T061	C0087111
27572614	1255	1271	treatment option	T061	C0683525
27572614	1276	1280	BTAI	T037	C0854391
27572614	1285	1300	associated with	T080	C0332281
27572614	1301	1310	increased	T081	C0205217
27572614	1311	1320	mortality	T081	C0026565
27572614	1337	1345	declined	T080	C1511741
27572614	1356	1361	years	T079	C0439234
27572614	1367	1372	study	T062	C2603343
27572614	1405	1412	minimal	T080	C0547040
27572614	1413	1428	aortic injuries	T037	C0854391
27572614	1430	1437	Grade I	T033	C0687695
27572614	1442	1444	II	T185	C0441802
27572614	1448	1455	CT scan	T060	C0040405
27572614	1463	1470	benefit	T081	C0814225
27572614	1476	1479	NOM	T061	C0087111
27572614	1495	1501	timing	T079	C0449243
27572614	1505	1511	repair	T058	C1705181
27572614	1524	1531	studies	T062	C2603343
27572614	1541	1549	outcomes	T081	C0086749
27572614	1553	1560	delayed	T079	C0205421
27572614	1561	1567	repair	T058	C1705181
27572614	1572	1580	reported	T058	C0700287
27572614	1595	1600	lower	T052	C2003888
27572614	1601	1610	mortality	T081	C0026565
27572614	1620	1625	early	T079	C1279919
27572614	1626	1632	repair	T058	C1705181
27572614	1656	1661	lower	T052	C2003888
27572614	1662	1671	mortality	T081	C0026565
27572614	1684	1691	overall	T080	C1561607
27572614	1692	1705	complications	T046	C0009566
27572614	1716	1726	paraplegia	T047	C0030486
27572614	1731	1737	higher	T080	C0205250
27572614	1738	1744	stroke	T047	C0038454
27572614	1745	1749	rate	T081	C1521828
27572614	1751	1756	TEVAR	T061	C1611224
27572614	1769	1777	suitable	T080	C3900053
27572614	1778	1787	treatment	T061	C0087111
27572614	1792	1796	BTAI	T037	C0854391
27572614	1804	1814	modern era	T079	C0019676
27572614	1822	1838	expertise exists	T080	C0870520
27572614	1864	1892	multiple associated injuries	T037	C0026771
27572614	1904	1909	older	T098	C1518563
27572614	1910	1919	age group	T100	C0027362
27572614	1921	1928	Delayed	T079	C0205421
27572614	1929	1942	aortic repair	T061	C0869750
27572614	1968	1984	CT scan analysis	T060	C0040405
27572614	1990	1998	emergent	T078	C0750573
27572614	1999	2005	repair	T058	C1705181
27572614	2022	2031	advocated	T058	C0030674
27572614	2050	2064	aortic rupture	T047	C0003496
27572614	2066	2069	NOM	T061	C0087111
27572614	2080	2098	therapeutic option	T061	C0683525
27572614	2113	2121	selected	T052	C1707391
27572614	2122	2130	patients	T101	C0030705

27573109|t|Endemic hydrothermal vent species identified in the open ocean seed bank
27573109|a|Hydrothermal vent systems host microbial communities among which several microorganisms have been considered endemic to this type of habitat. It is still unclear how these organisms colonize geographically distant hydrothermal environments. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, we compare the bacterial communities of sixteen Atlantic hydrothermal vent samples with our own and publicly available global open ocean samples. Analysing sequences obtained from 63 million 16S rRNA genes, the genera we could identify in the open ocean waters contained 99.9% of the vent reads. This suggests that previously observed vent exclusiveness is, in most cases, probably an artefact of lower sequencing depth. These findings are a further step towards elucidating the role of the open ocean as a seed bank. They can explain the predicament of how species expected to be endemic to vent systems are able to colonize geographically distant hydrothermal habitats and contribute to our understanding of whether 'everything is really everywhere'.
27573109	0	7	Endemic	T082	C1254362
27573109	8	25	hydrothermal vent	T070	C3178903
27573109	26	33	species	T185	C1705920
27573109	34	44	identified	T080	C0205396
27573109	57	62	ocean	T170	C1547972
27573109	63	72	seed bank	T002	C4042839
27573109	73	90	Hydrothermal vent	T070	C3178903
27573109	91	98	systems	T169	C0449913
27573109	104	113	microbial	T001	C0599840
27573109	114	125	communities	T096	C0009462
27573109	138	145	several	T081	C0443302
27573109	146	160	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27573109	171	181	considered	T078	C0750591
27573109	182	189	endemic	T082	C1254362
27573109	206	213	habitat	T082	C0871648
27573109	227	234	unclear	T033	C3845108
27573109	245	254	organisms	T001	C0029235
27573109	255	263	colonize	T033	C4289767
27573109	264	278	geographically	T083	C0017446
27573109	279	286	distant	T082	C0443203
27573109	287	299	hydrothermal	T080	C0205556
27573109	300	312	environments	T082	C0014406
27573109	323	331	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
27573109	332	346	gene sequences	T086	C0162326
27573109	351	358	compare	T052	C1707455
27573109	363	372	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27573109	373	384	communities	T096	C0009462
27573109	396	404	Atlantic	T083	C0004167
27573109	405	422	hydrothermal vent	T070	C3178903
27573109	423	430	samples	T077	C2347026
27573109	457	466	available	T169	C0470187
27573109	467	473	global	T080	C2348867
27573109	479	484	ocean	T170	C1547972
27573109	485	492	samples	T167	C0370003
27573109	494	503	Analysing	T062	C0936012
27573109	504	513	sequences	T086	C0162326
27573109	514	522	obtained	T169	C1301820
27573109	539	547	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
27573109	548	553	genes	T028	C0017337
27573109	559	565	genera	T185	C1708235
27573109	596	608	ocean waters	T170	C1547972
27573109	609	618	contained	T169	C0332256
27573109	632	636	vent	T070	C0043187
27573109	649	657	suggests	T078	C1705535
27573109	663	673	previously	T079	C0205156
27573109	674	682	observed	T169	C1441672
27573109	683	687	vent	T070	C0043187
27573109	688	701	exclusiveness	T033	C0243095
27573109	714	719	cases	T169	C0868928
27573109	721	729	probably	T078	C0750492
27573109	733	741	artefact	T033	C0243095
27573109	745	750	lower	T052	C2003888
27573109	751	761	sequencing	T059	C1294197
27573109	762	767	depth	T080	C0205556
27573109	775	783	findings	T033	C0243095
27573109	827	831	role	T170	C1704326
27573109	844	849	ocean	T170	C1547972
27573109	855	864	seed bank	T002	C4042839
27573109	887	898	predicament	T033	C0243095
27573109	906	913	species	T185	C1705920
27573109	914	922	expected	T170	C1517001
27573109	929	936	endemic	T082	C1254362
27573109	940	944	vent	T070	C0043187
27573109	945	952	systems	T169	C0449913
27573109	957	961	able	T033	C1299581
27573109	965	973	colonize	T033	C4289767
27573109	974	988	geographically	T083	C0017446
27573109	989	996	distant	T082	C0443203
27573109	997	1009	hydrothermal	T080	C0205556
27573109	1010	1018	habitats	T082	C0871648
27573109	1023	1033	contribute	T052	C1880177
27573109	1041	1054	understanding	T041	C0162340

27573199|t|A novel germline POLE mutation causes an early onset cancer prone syndrome mimicking constitutional mismatch repair deficiency
27573199|a|In a 14-year-old boy with polyposis and rectosigmoid carcinoma, we identified a novel POLE germline mutation, p.(Val411Leu), previously found as recurrent somatic mutation in ' ultramutated ' sporadic cancers. This is the youngest reported cancer patient with polymerase proofreading -associated polyposis indicating that POLE mutation p.(Val411Leu) may confer a more severe phenotype than previously reported POLE and POLD1 germline mutations. The patient had multiple café-au-lait macules and a pilomatricoma mimicking the clinical phenotype of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency. We hypothesize that these skin features may be common to different types of constitutional DNA repair defects associated with polyposis and early-onset cancer.
27573199	2	7	novel	T080	C0205314
27573199	17	21	POLE	T028	C1418729
27573199	22	30	mutation	T045	C0206530
27573199	41	52	early onset	T033	C1833334
27573199	53	74	cancer prone syndrome	T047	C0039082
27573199	75	84	mimicking	T070	C4042849
27573199	85	99	constitutional	T078	C1511487
27573199	100	126	mismatch repair deficiency	T046	C0268134
27573199	144	147	boy	T100	C0870221
27573199	153	162	polyposis	T191	C0334108
27573199	167	189	rectosigmoid carcinoma	T191	C1327709
27573199	207	212	novel	T080	C0205314
27573199	213	217	POLE	T028	C1418729
27573199	218	250	germline mutation, p.(Val411Leu)	T045	C0206530
27573199	272	298	recurrent somatic mutation	T049	C0544886
27573199	304	316	ultramutated	T049	C1705285
27573199	319	327	sporadic	T079	C0205422
27573199	328	335	cancers	T191	C0006826
27573199	349	357	youngest	T079	C0332239
27573199	367	381	cancer patient	T101	C1516213
27573199	387	397	polymerase	T116,T126	C1335439
27573199	398	410	proofreading	T045	C1155660
27573199	423	432	polyposis	T191	C0334108
27573199	449	453	POLE	T028	C1418729
27573199	454	476	mutation p.(Val411Leu)	T045	C0206530
27573199	502	511	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27573199	537	541	POLE	T028	C1418729
27573199	546	551	POLD1	T028	C1418727
27573199	552	570	germline mutations	T045	C0206530
27573199	576	583	patient	T101	C0030705
27573199	588	617	multiple café-au-lait macules	T047	C1861975
27573199	624	637	pilomatricoma	T191	C0206711
27573199	638	647	mimicking	T070	C4042849
27573199	652	670	clinical phenotype	T032	C0031437
27573199	674	688	constitutional	T078	C1511487
27573199	689	715	mismatch repair deficiency	T046	C0268134
27573199	720	731	hypothesize	T078	C1512571
27573199	743	756	skin features	T029	C1282141
27573199	793	807	constitutional	T078	C1511487
27573199	808	826	DNA repair defects	T033	C3278814
27573199	843	852	polyposis	T191	C0334108
27573199	857	868	early-onset	T033	C1833334
27573199	869	875	cancer	T191	C0006826

27573470|t|Angiopoietin-like protein 4 improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance but induces liver steatosis in high-fat-diet mice
27573470|a|Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) is a secreted protein predominantly expressed in liver and adipose tissues, and has been identified as an adipokine. Angptl4 is the target gene of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptors, which are widely used as lipid‑lowering and anti‑diabetic drugs, and previous studies have demonstrated that Angptl4 is able to directly stimulate adipocyte lipolysis. The current study focused on how Angptl4 was involved in regulating lipid and glucose metabolism in high‑fat‑diet (HFD) C57 mice. In the present study, mice were divided into three groups, with standard chow mice as a normal control, adenovirus (adv)‑ injected HFD mice as a model control and adv ‑ Angptl4 ‑ injected HFD mice as the Angptl4+ group. Firstly, compared with the normal control group, mice in the model control group gained more body weight with severe liver steatosis and increased serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In the Angptl4+ group, Angptl4 reduced the weight growth rate, aggravated hepatic steatosis and further increased all the aforementioned serum indexes. Secondly, compared with the normal control, the model control group had a reduced glucose tolerance and developed insulin resistance. Angptl4 expression and the phosphorylation levels of several insulin signaling pathway‑associated genes, insulin receptor substrate 1, protein kinase B, janus kinase 2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 were downregulated in the liver samples. Adv ‑ Angptl4 injection was observed to improve glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. The genes measured were identified to be upregulated close to normal levels. All the results suggested that Angptl4 served an important role in lipid and glucose metabolism in HFD‑induced obese mice, and this may have a great significance for treatment of hyperlipidemia, diabetes, metabolic syndrome and other diseases.
27573470	0	27	Angiopoietin-like protein 4	T116,T123	C1438918
27573470	28	36	improves	T033	C0184511
27573470	37	54	glucose tolerance	T039	C0178665
27573470	59	77	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27573470	82	89	induces	T169	C0205263
27573470	90	105	liver steatosis	T047	C0015695
27573470	109	127	high-fat-diet mice	T015	C0026809
27573470	128	155	Angiopoietin-like protein 4	T116,T123	C1438918
27573470	157	164	Angptl4	T116,T123	C1438918
27573470	171	187	secreted protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27573470	188	201	predominantly	T080	C1542147
27573470	202	211	expressed	T045	C1171362
27573470	215	220	liver	T023	C0736268
27573470	225	240	adipose tissues	T024	C0001527
27573470	255	265	identified	T080	C0205396
27573470	272	281	adipokine	T116,T123	C1955907
27573470	283	290	Angptl4	T028	C1423931
27573470	298	304	target	T169	C1521840
27573470	305	309	gene	T028	C0017337
27573470	313	356	peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptors	T116,T192	C0166418
27573470	383	397	lipid‑lowering	T121	C0003367
27573470	402	421	anti‑diabetic drugs	T121	C1875327
27573470	436	443	studies	T062	C2603343
27573470	467	474	Angptl4	T116,T123	C1438918
27573470	495	504	stimulate	T070	C1948023
27573470	505	514	adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27573470	515	524	lipolysis	T040	C0023796
27573470	538	543	study	T062	C2603343
27573470	559	566	Angptl4	T116,T123	C1438918
27573470	583	599	regulating lipid	T043	C1158445
27573470	604	622	glucose metabolism	T044	C2612213
27573470	626	654	high‑fat‑diet (HFD) C57 mice	T015	C0025929
27573470	671	676	study	T062	C2603343
27573470	678	682	mice	T015	C0025929
27573470	707	713	groups	T078	C0441833
27573470	720	728	standard	T080	C1442989
27573470	729	738	chow mice	T015	C0025929
27573470	744	758	normal control	T096	C0009932
27573470	760	770	adenovirus	T005	C0001483
27573470	772	775	adv	T005	C0001483
27573470	778	795	injected HFD mice	T015	C0025929
27573470	801	814	model control	T096	C0009932
27573470	819	822	adv	T005	C0001483
27573470	825	832	Angptl4	T028	C1423931
27573470	835	852	injected HFD mice	T015	C0025929
27573470	860	874	Angptl4+ group	T078	C0441833
27573470	903	923	normal control group	T096	C0009932
27573470	925	929	mice	T015	C0025929
27573470	937	956	model control group	T096	C0009932
27573470	957	963	gained	T081	C1517378
27573470	964	968	more	T081	C0205172
27573470	969	980	body weight	T032	C0005910
27573470	986	992	severe	T080	C0205082
27573470	993	1008	liver steatosis	T047	C0015695
27573470	1013	1022	increased	T081	C0205217
27573470	1023	1051	serum levels of triglyceride	T034	C1287372
27573470	1053	1070	total cholesterol	T033	C1837784
27573470	1072	1088	free fatty acids	T033	C0236060
27573470	1090	1114	alanine aminotransferase	T033	C0151905
27573470	1119	1145	aspartate aminotransferase	T033	C0151904
27573470	1154	1168	Angptl4+ group	T078	C0441833
27573470	1170	1177	Angptl4	T116,T123	C1438918
27573470	1178	1185	reduced	T080	C0392756
27573470	1190	1208	weight growth rate	T201	C1317142
27573470	1210	1220	aggravated	T080	C1444749
27573470	1221	1238	hepatic steatosis	T047	C0015695
27573470	1251	1260	increased	T081	C0205217
27573470	1284	1289	serum	T031	C0229671
27573470	1290	1297	indexes	T170	C0600653
27573470	1327	1341	normal control	T096	C0009932
27573470	1347	1366	model control group	T096	C0009932
27573470	1373	1398	reduced glucose tolerance	T033	C0151671
27573470	1403	1412	developed	T169	C1527148
27573470	1413	1431	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27573470	1433	1440	Angptl4	T116,T123	C1438918
27573470	1441	1451	expression	T045	C1171362
27573470	1460	1475	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27573470	1476	1482	levels	T080	C0441889
27573470	1486	1493	several	T081	C0443302
27573470	1494	1530	insulin signaling pathway‑associated	T044	C1512804
27573470	1531	1536	genes	T028	C0017337
27573470	1538	1566	insulin receptor substrate 1	T116,T123	C1505029
27573470	1568	1584	protein kinase B	T116,T126	C1449149
27573470	1586	1600	janus kinase 2	T116,T126	C1527619
27573470	1602	1652	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	T116,T123	C1530114
27573470	1658	1671	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27573470	1679	1692	liver samples	T024	C0586688
27573470	1694	1697	Adv	T005	C0001483
27573470	1700	1707	Angptl4	T028	C1423931
27573470	1708	1717	injection	T052	C0441655
27573470	1722	1730	observed	T169	C1441672
27573470	1734	1741	improve	T033	C0184511
27573470	1742	1759	glucose tolerance	T039	C0178665
27573470	1764	1782	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27573470	1788	1793	genes	T028	C0017337
27573470	1794	1802	measured	T080	C0444706
27573470	1808	1818	identified	T080	C0205396
27573470	1825	1836	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27573470	1846	1852	normal	T080	C0205307
27573470	1853	1859	levels	T080	C0441889
27573470	1869	1876	results	T169	C1274040
27573470	1892	1899	Angptl4	T116,T123	C1438918
27573470	1910	1919	important	T080	C3898777
27573470	1928	1933	lipid	T043	C1158445
27573470	1938	1956	glucose metabolism	T044	C2612213
27573470	1960	1982	HFD‑induced obese mice	T015	C0025933
27573470	2010	2022	significance	T078	C0750502
27573470	2027	2036	treatment	T061	C0087111
27573470	2040	2054	hyperlipidemia	T047	C0020473
27573470	2056	2064	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27573470	2066	2084	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
27573470	2095	2103	diseases	T047	C0012634

27573702|t|Cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in the neurological emergency department of a tertiary hospital
27573702|a|Cerebral toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of space occupying brain lesion in patients with HIV/AIDS in Brazil. In the post-HAART era, it is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study consists of a case series of 56 patients diagnosed with cerebral toxoplasmosis whose clinical features, brain imaging and cerebrospinal fluid aspects were analyzed. Cerebral toxoplasmosis led to the diagnosis of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 27 (48.2%) of the patients, while 29 (51.2%) others already knew to be HIV seropositive. However, at the time of diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis, only 9 (16.6%) reported being under antiretroviral therapy and 5 (8.9%) were receiving primary prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis. Headache, strength deficit and fever were the most frequent signs and symptoms throughout the study. Fifty-three patients showed changes consistent with toxoplasmosis in CT or MRI. Thirty-four (60.7%) CSF samples were positive in the indirect haemagglutination test and for the reaction of Toxoplasma gondii IgG ELISA, while 31 (55.4%) were positive in the direct haemagglutination test. Fifty (89.3%) patients underwent first-line treatment for toxoplasmosis. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is still a very relevant neurological disease in individuals with AIDS admitted to neurology emergency departments. Early diagnosis and initiation of empiric treatment and antiretroviral therapy are important for good prognosis.
27573702	0	22	Cerebral toxoplasmosis	T047	C0085315
27573702	26	34	patients	T101	C0030705
27573702	40	75	acquired immune deficiency syndrome	T047	C0001175
27573702	83	116	neurological emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27573702	122	139	tertiary hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
27573702	140	162	Cerebral toxoplasmosis	T047	C0085315
27573702	182	187	cause	T169	C0015127
27573702	191	196	space	T082	C1883067
27573702	207	219	brain lesion	T047	C0221505
27573702	223	231	patients	T101	C0030705
27573702	237	245	HIV/AIDS	T047	C0497169
27573702	249	255	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27573702	264	278	post-HAART era	T079	C0681698
27573702	302	306	high	T080	C0205250
27573702	307	312	rates	T081	C1521828
27573702	316	325	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27573702	330	339	mortality	T081	C0205848
27573702	356	361	study	T062	C2603343
27573702	376	387	case series	T062	C0150093
27573702	394	402	patients	T101	C0030705
27573702	403	412	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27573702	418	440	cerebral toxoplasmosis	T047	C0085315
27573702	447	455	clinical	T080	C0205210
27573702	456	464	features	T080	C1521970
27573702	466	479	brain imaging	T060	C0203860
27573702	484	503	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
27573702	504	511	aspects	T080	C1879746
27573702	517	525	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27573702	527	549	Cerebral toxoplasmosis	T047	C0085315
27573702	561	570	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27573702	574	583	infection	T046	C3714514
27573702	591	619	human immunodeficiency virus	T005	C0019682
27573702	621	624	HIV	T005	C0019682
27573702	647	655	patients	T101	C0030705
27573702	700	716	HIV seropositive	T034	C0019699
27573702	734	738	time	T079	C0040223
27573702	742	751	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27573702	755	777	cerebral toxoplasmosis	T047	C0085315
27573702	794	802	reported	T058	C0700287
27573702	815	837	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
27573702	856	865	receiving	T080	C1514756
27573702	866	873	primary	T080	C0205225
27573702	874	885	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
27573702	890	903	toxoplasmosis	T047	C0085315
27573702	905	913	Headache	T184	C0018681
27573702	915	931	strength deficit	T184	C1457887
27573702	936	941	fever	T184	C0015967
27573702	965	983	signs and symptoms	T184	C0037088
27573702	999	1004	study	T062	C2603343
27573702	1018	1026	patients	T101	C0030705
27573702	1034	1041	changes	T169	C0392747
27573702	1042	1057	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27573702	1058	1071	toxoplasmosis	T047	C0085315
27573702	1075	1077	CT	T060	C0040405
27573702	1081	1084	MRI	T060	C0024485
27573702	1106	1117	CSF samples	T031	C1292530
27573702	1123	1131	positive	T033	C1446409
27573702	1139	1170	indirect haemagglutination test	T059	C0022885
27573702	1183	1191	reaction	T169	C0443286
27573702	1195	1216	Toxoplasma gondii IgG	T116,T129	C0370074
27573702	1217	1222	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27573702	1246	1254	positive	T033	C1446409
27573702	1262	1291	direct haemagglutination test	T059	C0022885
27573702	1307	1315	patients	T101	C0030705
27573702	1326	1346	first-line treatment	T061	C1708063
27573702	1351	1364	toxoplasmosis	T047	C0085315
27573702	1366	1388	Cerebral toxoplasmosis	T047	C0085315
27573702	1405	1413	relevant	T080	C2347946
27573702	1414	1434	neurological disease	T047	C0027765
27573702	1438	1449	individuals	T098	C0237401
27573702	1455	1459	AIDS	T047	C0001175
27573702	1460	1468	admitted	T058	C0184666
27573702	1472	1481	neurology	T091	C0027855
27573702	1482	1503	emergency departments	T073,T093	C0562508
27573702	1505	1520	Early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
27573702	1525	1535	initiation	T169	C1704686
27573702	1539	1556	empiric treatment	T033	C0749647
27573702	1561	1583	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
27573702	1607	1616	prognosis	T058	C0033325

27574277|t|Atypical periprosthetic femoral fracture: a case report
27574277|a|We report an 82-year-old woman who underwent fixation with a long-spanning cable-plate for a bisphosphonate - induced Vancouver B1 periprosthetic femoral fracture. Non-union and breakage of the plate occurred at 16 months and necessitated revision surgery using a long-stem femoral prosthesis augmented with a cable-plate construct. Bone union was achieved eventually after 10 months.
27574277	0	8	Atypical	T080	C0205182
27574277	9	23	periprosthetic	T037	C2609162
27574277	24	40	femoral fracture	T037	C0015802
27574277	44	55	case report	T170	C0085973
27574277	81	86	woman	T098	C0043210
27574277	91	109	underwent fixation	T061	C0087111
27574277	117	142	long-spanning cable-plate	T074	C0005971
27574277	149	163	bisphosphonate	T109,T121	C0012544
27574277	166	173	induced	T169	C0205263
27574277	174	186	Vancouver B1	T185	C0008902
27574277	187	201	periprosthetic	T037	C2609162
27574277	202	218	femoral fracture	T037	C0015802
27574277	220	255	Non-union and breakage of the plate	T046	C0410842
27574277	271	277	months	T079	C0439231
27574277	295	311	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27574277	320	348	long-stem femoral prosthesis	T074	C1304657
27574277	366	387	cable-plate construct	T074	C0005971
27574277	389	399	Bone union	T033	C1321023

27574814|t|Environmental fate and effects of novel quorum sensing inhibitors that can control biofilm formation
27574814|a|The formation of bacterial biofilms can have negative impacts on industrial processes and are typically difficult to control. The increase of antibiotic resistance, in combination with the requirement for more environmentally focused approaches, has placed pressure on industry and the scientific community to reassess biofilm control strategies. The discovery of bacterial quorum sensing, as an important mechanism in biofilm formation, has led to the development of new substances (such as halogenated thiophenones) to inhibit the quorum sensing process. However, there are currently limited data regarding the biodegradability or ecotoxicity of these substances. To assess the environmental fate and effects of thiophenones capable of quorum sensing inhibition, candidate substances were first identified that have potentially high biodegradability and low ecotoxicity using quantitative structure activity relationships. Subsequent confirmatory hazard assessment of these substances, using a marine alga and a marine crustacean, indicated that these estimates were significantly under predicted with acute toxicity values more than three orders of magnitude lower than anticipated combined with limited biodegradability. Therefore, although these quorum sensing inhibitors appear a promising approach to control biofilms, they may also have environmental impacts on certain aquatic organisms.
27574814	0	13	Environmental	T082	C0014406
27574814	23	33	effects of	T080	C1704420
27574814	34	39	novel	T080	C0205314
27574814	40	54	quorum sensing	T043	C1154599
27574814	55	65	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27574814	75	82	control	T169	C2587213
27574814	83	100	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27574814	105	114	formation	T169	C1522492
27574814	118	136	bacterial biofilms	T007	C0081786
27574814	146	154	negative	T080	C3853545
27574814	155	162	impacts	T080	C4049986
27574814	166	176	industrial	T057	C0021267
27574814	177	186	processes	T067	C1522240
27574814	205	214	difficult	T080	C0332218
27574814	218	225	control	T169	C2587213
27574814	231	239	increase	T169	C0442805
27574814	243	264	antibiotic resistance	T032	C0949669
27574814	269	280	combination	T080	C0205195
27574814	290	301	requirement	T169	C1514873
27574814	311	326	environmentally	T082	C0014406
27574814	327	334	focused	T169	C1285542
27574814	335	345	approaches	T169	C1292724
27574814	358	366	pressure	T033	C0460139
27574814	370	378	industry	T057	C0021267
27574814	387	397	scientific	T090	C0036397
27574814	398	407	community	T096	C0009462
27574814	411	419	reassess	T052	C0441655
27574814	420	427	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27574814	428	435	control	T169	C2587213
27574814	452	461	discovery	T052	C1880355
27574814	465	474	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27574814	475	489	quorum sensing	T043	C1154599
27574814	497	506	important	T080	C3898777
27574814	507	516	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27574814	520	537	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27574814	554	565	development	T169	C1527148
27574814	573	583	substances	T167	C0439861
27574814	593	617	halogenated thiophenones	T131	C1254354
27574814	622	629	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27574814	634	648	quorum sensing	T043	C1154599
27574814	649	656	process	T067	C1522240
27574814	677	686	currently	T079	C0521116
27574814	687	694	limited	T169	C0439801
27574814	695	699	data	T078	C1511726
27574814	714	730	biodegradability	T070	C0005482
27574814	734	745	ecotoxicity	T078	C1706203
27574814	755	765	substances	T167	C0439861
27574814	770	776	assess	T052	C1516048
27574814	781	794	environmental	T082	C0014406
27574814	804	814	effects of	T080	C1704420
27574814	815	827	thiophenones	T131	C1254354
27574814	828	835	capable	T080	C0086035
27574814	839	853	quorum sensing	T043	C1154599
27574814	854	864	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27574814	876	886	substances	T167	C0439861
27574814	898	908	identified	T080	C0205396
27574814	919	930	potentially	T080	C3245505
27574814	931	935	high	T080	C0205250
27574814	936	952	biodegradability	T070	C0005482
27574814	957	960	low	T080	C0205251
27574814	961	972	ecotoxicity	T078	C1706203
27574814	979	1024	quantitative structure activity relationships	T081	C0887819
27574814	1026	1036	Subsequent	T079	C0332282
27574814	1037	1049	confirmatory	T033	C0750484
27574814	1050	1056	hazard	T080	C0598697
27574814	1057	1067	assessment	T062	C0178628
27574814	1077	1087	substances	T167	C0439861
27574814	1097	1108	marine alga	T204	C3714692
27574814	1115	1121	marine	T001	C0599383
27574814	1122	1132	crustacean	T204	C1704306
27574814	1134	1143	indicated	T033	C1444656
27574814	1155	1164	estimates	T081	C0750572
27574814	1170	1183	significantly	T078	C0750502
27574814	1190	1199	predicted	T078	C0681842
27574814	1205	1219	acute toxicity	T060	C0887963
27574814	1220	1226	values	T081	C1522609
27574814	1227	1231	more	T081	C0205172
27574814	1243	1249	orders	T080	C1705176
27574814	1253	1262	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27574814	1263	1268	lower	T080	C0205251
27574814	1274	1285	anticipated	T033	C3840775
27574814	1286	1294	combined	T080	C0205195
27574814	1300	1307	limited	T169	C0439801
27574814	1308	1324	biodegradability	T070	C0005482
27574814	1352	1366	quorum sensing	T043	C1154599
27574814	1367	1377	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27574814	1409	1416	control	T169	C2587213
27574814	1417	1425	biofilms	T007	C0081786
27574814	1446	1467	environmental impacts	T067	C0282165
27574814	1479	1496	aquatic organisms	T001	C0596121

27575455|t|Maf1 -mediated regulation of yeast RNA polymerase III is correlated with CCA addition at the 3' end of tRNA precursors
27575455|a|In eukaryotic cells tRNA synthesis is negatively regulated by the protein Maf1, conserved from yeast to humans. Maf1 from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediates repression of trna transcription when cells are transferred from medium with glucose to medium with glycerol, a non-fermentable carbon source. The strain with deleted gene encoding Maf1 (maf1Δ) is viable but accumulates tRNA precursors. In this study tRNA precursors were analysed by RNA-Seq and Northern hybridization in wild type strain and maf1Δ mutant grown in glucose medium or upon shift to repressive conditions. A negative effect of maf1Δ mutant on the addition of the auxiliary CCA nucleotides to the 3' end of pre-tRNAs was observed in cells shifted to unfavourable growth conditions. This effect was reduced by overexpression of the yeast CCA1 gene encoding ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyltransferase. The CCA sequence at the 3' end is important for export of tRNA precursors from the nucleus and essential for tRNA charging with amino acids. Data presented here indicate that CCA-addition to intron -containing end-processed tRNA precursors is a limiting step in tRNA maturation when there is no Maf1 mediated RNA polymerase III (Pol III) repression. The correlation between CCA synthesis and Pol III regulation by Maf1 could be important in coordination of tRNA transcription, processing and regulation of translation.
27575455	0	4	Maf1	T028	C1825934
27575455	15	25	regulation	T038	C1327622
27575455	29	34	yeast	T004	C0043393
27575455	35	53	RNA polymerase III	T116,T126	C0035680
27575455	57	67	correlated	T080	C1707520
27575455	73	107	CCA addition at the 3' end of tRNA	T045	C1158763
27575455	103	118	tRNA precursors	T114,T123	C0041133
27575455	122	138	eukaryotic cells	T025	C0015161
27575455	139	153	tRNA synthesis	T045	C1622985
27575455	157	167	negatively	T033	C0205160
27575455	168	177	regulated	T038	C1327622
27575455	185	197	protein Maf1	T116,T123	C0536951
27575455	214	219	yeast	T004	C0043393
27575455	223	229	humans	T016	C0086418
27575455	231	235	Maf1	T028	C1825934
27575455	241	246	yeast	T004	C0043393
27575455	247	271	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27575455	281	291	repression	T045	C0920533
27575455	295	313	trna transcription	T045	C1158829
27575455	319	324	cells	T025	C0007634
27575455	346	352	medium	T130	C0010454
27575455	358	365	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27575455	369	375	medium	T130	C0010454
27575455	381	389	glycerol	T109,T121,T123	C0017861
27575455	393	408	non-fermentable	T044	C0015852
27575455	409	415	carbon	T196	C0007009
27575455	416	422	source	T033	C0449416
27575455	428	434	strain	T001	C1518614
27575455	440	447	deleted	T033	C2069771
27575455	448	452	gene	T028	C0017337
27575455	453	461	encoding	T052	C2700640
27575455	462	466	Maf1	T028	C1825934
27575455	468	473	maf1Δ	T028	C1825934
27575455	478	484	viable	T080	C0443348
27575455	501	516	tRNA precursors	T114,T123	C0041133
27575455	526	531	study	T062	C2603343
27575455	532	547	tRNA precursors	T114,T123	C0041133
27575455	553	561	analysed	T062	C0936012
27575455	565	572	RNA-Seq	T059,T063	C0917793
27575455	577	599	Northern hybridization	T059,T063	C0599862
27575455	603	612	wild type	T028	C1883559
27575455	613	619	strain	T001	C1518614
27575455	624	629	maf1Δ	T028	C1825934
27575455	630	636	mutant	T028	C0678941
27575455	646	653	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27575455	654	660	medium	T130	C0010454
27575455	678	699	repressive conditions	T080	C0348080
27575455	703	711	negative	T033	C0205160
27575455	712	718	effect	T080	C1280500
27575455	722	727	maf1Δ	T028	C1825934
27575455	728	734	mutant	T028	C0678941
27575455	742	810	addition of the auxiliary CCA nucleotides to the 3' end of pre-tRNAs	T045	C1158763
27575455	827	832	cells	T025	C0007634
27575455	857	863	growth	T040	C0018270
27575455	864	874	conditions	T080	C0348080
27575455	881	887	effect	T080	C1280500
27575455	892	899	reduced	T080	C0392756
27575455	903	917	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27575455	925	930	yeast	T004	C0043393
27575455	931	940	CCA1 gene	T028	C1413163
27575455	941	949	encoding	T052	C2700640
27575455	950	986	ATP(CTP):tRNA nucleotidyltransferase	T116,T126	C0077328
27575455	992	1004	CCA sequence	T086	C0004793
27575455	1036	1042	export	T067	C0699789
27575455	1046	1061	tRNA precursors	T114,T123	C0041133
27575455	1071	1078	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27575455	1097	1110	tRNA charging	T045	C1327001
27575455	1116	1127	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27575455	1129	1133	Data	T078	C1511726
27575455	1163	1227	CCA-addition to intron -containing end-processed tRNA precursors	T045	C1158763
27575455	1179	1185	intron	T114,T123	C0021920
27575455	1233	1246	limiting step	T077	C1261552
27575455	1250	1265	tRNA maturation	T045	C1158762
27575455	1283	1287	Maf1	T028	C1825934
27575455	1297	1315	RNA polymerase III	T116,T126	C0035680
27575455	1317	1324	Pol III	T116,T126	C0035680
27575455	1326	1336	repression	T045	C0920533
27575455	1342	1353	correlation	T080	C1707520
27575455	1362	1365	CCA	T086	C0004793
27575455	1366	1375	synthesis	T044	C1157592
27575455	1380	1387	Pol III	T116,T126	C0035680
27575455	1388	1398	regulation	T038	C1327622
27575455	1402	1406	Maf1	T028	C1825934
27575455	1429	1441	coordination	T169	C0700114
27575455	1445	1463	tRNA transcription	T045	C1158829
27575455	1465	1475	processing	T045	C1158762
27575455	1480	1505	regulation of translation	T043	C1157519

27575503|t|Pre-existing renal lesions revealed after renal trauma, Difficulties in diagnosis and accountability: About 14 cases
27575503|a|Pre-existing renal lesions (PERL) may interfere with the patho-physiology of trauma, alter the radiographic imaging and influence the therapeutic approach. The aims of this study were to record the PERL found incidentally during blunt renal trauma, to specify the place for effective conservative management and to determin the estimated partial permanent disability (PPD). The medical records of 14 patients with PERL and blunt renal trauma were reviewed. In each patient, pre-existing renal abnormalities, clinical symptoms, CT scan study findings, associated injuries, therapeutic approach, the accountability criteria and the estimated PPD were recorded. There were 11 men and 3 women with a mean age of 35,6 years (range 19-66 years). Renal trauma was due to a traffic accident in 8 patients. Renal damage appeared to be disproportionate to the severity of the trauma (minor trauma). They had a lower rate of associated trauma to other abdominal organs (four patients only). Urinary stones were present in 5 patients, pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction in 3, horseshoe kidny in 3, ectopic kidney in 2 and upper urinary tract carcinoma in one case. Early nephrectomy was required in three cases for hemodynamic instability. Ureteral stenting was indicated in 3 cases. Six patients were operated later because of their underlying renal pathology. A conservative treatment was possible only in 7 of cases. The PPD related to renal trauma varide from 0 to 13% in all cases. PERL may complicate a negligible renal trauma while in some cases they may be of vital importance for the patient's final outcome. The imaging findings are crucial but may be confusing. The therapeutic approach is, to a large extent, dependent on the type of PERL and the severity of damage, and is often conservative in the hemo-dynamically stable patient. Accountability link may be difficult to establish and the PPD depends on the PERL and the renal injuries severity. We have no involvement with funding in this case. Ethical approval: Not required Conflicts of interest: None.
27575503	0	12	Pre-existing	T080	C2347662
27575503	13	18	renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	19	26	lesions	T033	C0221198
27575503	42	47	renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	48	54	trauma	T037	C3714660
27575503	72	81	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27575503	86	100	accountability	T078	C0078889
27575503	111	116	cases	T077	C1706256
27575503	117	129	Pre-existing	T080	C2347662
27575503	130	135	renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	136	143	lesions	T033	C0221198
27575503	145	149	PERL	T033	C0221198
27575503	174	190	patho-physiology	T169	C0031847
27575503	194	200	trauma	T037	C3714660
27575503	212	232	radiographic imaging	T060	C0457276
27575503	237	246	influence	T077	C4054723
27575503	251	262	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27575503	277	281	aims	T078	C1947946
27575503	290	295	study	T062	C2603343
27575503	315	319	PERL	T033	C0221198
27575503	346	351	blunt	T080	C1997138
27575503	352	357	renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	358	364	trauma	T037	C3714660
27575503	401	424	conservative management	T061	C0459914
27575503	455	483	partial permanent disability	T033	C2080701
27575503	485	488	PPD	T033	C2080701
27575503	495	510	medical records	T170	C0025102
27575503	517	525	patients	T101	C0030705
27575503	531	535	PERL	T033	C0221198
27575503	540	545	blunt	T080	C1997138
27575503	546	551	renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	552	558	trauma	T037	C3714660
27575503	582	589	patient	T101	C0030705
27575503	591	603	pre-existing	T080	C2347662
27575503	604	609	renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	625	633	clinical	T080	C0205210
27575503	634	642	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27575503	644	651	CT scan	T060	C0040405
27575503	652	657	study	T062	C2603343
27575503	658	666	findings	T033	C0243095
27575503	679	687	injuries	T037	C3263723
27575503	689	700	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27575503	715	729	accountability	T078	C0078889
27575503	757	760	PPD	T033	C2080701
27575503	790	793	men	T098	C0025266
27575503	800	805	women	T098	C0043210
27575503	813	817	mean	T081	C0444504
27575503	818	821	age	T032	C0001779
27575503	830	835	years	T079	C0439234
27575503	849	854	years	T079	C0439234
27575503	857	862	Renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	863	869	trauma	T037	C3714660
27575503	883	899	traffic accident	T037	C0000932
27575503	905	913	patients	T101	C0030705
27575503	915	920	Renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	967	975	severity	T080	C0439793
27575503	983	989	trauma	T037	C3714660
27575503	997	1003	trauma	T037	C3714660
27575503	1042	1048	trauma	T037	C3714660
27575503	1058	1074	abdominal organs	T023	C0446633
27575503	1081	1089	patients	T101	C0030705
27575503	1097	1111	Urinary stones	T031	C0042018
27575503	1130	1138	patients	T101	C0030705
27575503	1140	1175	pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction	T046	C0521619
27575503	1182	1197	horseshoe kidny	T019	C0221353
27575503	1204	1218	ectopic kidney	T019	C0238207
27575503	1234	1257	urinary tract carcinoma	T191	C2007041
27575503	1277	1288	nephrectomy	T061	C0027695
27575503	1311	1316	cases	T077	C1706256
27575503	1321	1344	hemodynamic instability	T047	C0948268
27575503	1346	1363	Ureteral stenting	T074	C0183518
27575503	1383	1388	cases	T077	C1706256
27575503	1394	1402	patients	T101	C0030705
27575503	1408	1416	operated	T061	C0543467
27575503	1451	1456	renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	1457	1466	pathology	T059	C0919386
27575503	1470	1492	conservative treatment	T061	C0459914
27575503	1519	1524	cases	T077	C1706256
27575503	1530	1533	PPD	T033	C2080701
27575503	1545	1550	renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	1551	1557	trauma	T037	C3714660
27575503	1586	1591	cases	T077	C1706256
27575503	1593	1597	PERL	T033	C0221198
27575503	1626	1631	renal	T023	C0022646
27575503	1632	1638	trauma	T037	C3714660
27575503	1653	1658	cases	T077	C1706256
27575503	1699	1708	patient's	T101	C0030705
27575503	1736	1744	findings	T033	C0243095
27575503	1783	1794	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27575503	1852	1856	PERL	T033	C0221198
27575503	1865	1873	severity	T080	C0439793
27575503	1877	1883	damage	T169	C1883709
27575503	1918	1941	hemo-dynamically stable	T033	C0578150
27575503	1942	1949	patient	T101	C0030705
27575503	1951	1965	Accountability	T078	C0078889
27575503	2009	2012	PPD	T033	C2080701
27575503	2028	2032	PERL	T033	C0221198
27575503	2041	2055	renal injuries	T037	C0160420
27575503	2056	2064	severity	T080	C0439793

27575716|t|PCSK9: Regulation and Target for Drug Development for Dyslipidemia
27575716|a|Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) is a secreted zymogen expressed primarily in the liver. PCSK9 circulates in plasma, binds to cell surface low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, is internalized, and then targets the receptors to lysosomal degradation. Studies of naturally occurring PCSK9 gene variants that caused extreme plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) deviations and altered atherosclerosis risk unleashed a torrent of biological and pharmacological research. Rapid progress in understanding the physiological regulation of PCSK9 was soon translated into commercially available biological inhibitors of PCSK9 that reduced LDL-C levels and likely also cardiovascular outcomes. Here we review the swift evolution of PCSK9 from novel gene to drug target, to animal and human testing, and finally to outcome trials and clinical applications. In addition, we explore how the genetics-guided path to PCSK9 inhibitor development exemplifies a new paradigm in pharmacology. Finally, we consider some potential challenges as PCSK9 inhibition becomes established in the clinic.
27575716	0	5	PCSK9	T116,T126	C4255394
27575716	7	17	Regulation	T044	C1327623
27575716	22	28	Target	T169	C1521840
27575716	33	49	Drug Development	T091	C0872152
27575716	54	66	Dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
27575716	67	112	Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9	T116,T126	C4255394
27575716	114	119	PCSK9	T116,T126	C4255394
27575716	126	134	secreted	T043	C1327616
27575716	135	142	zymogen	T116,T123	C0014436
27575716	170	175	liver	T023	C0023884
27575716	177	182	PCSK9	T116,T126	C4255394
27575716	197	203	plasma	T031	C0032105
27575716	205	226	binds to cell surface	T044	C1148628
27575716	227	266	low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors	T116,T192	C0034821
27575716	294	301	targets	T169	C1521840
27575716	306	315	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27575716	319	340	lysosomal degradation	T043	C4235415
27575716	373	383	PCSK9 gene	T028	C1426592
27575716	384	392	variants	T080	C0205419
27575716	413	419	plasma	T031	C0032105
27575716	420	435	LDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27575716	437	442	LDL-C	T109,T123	C0023824
27575716	467	482	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27575716	511	521	biological	T091	C0005532
27575716	526	541	pharmacological	T091	C0031330
27575716	542	550	research	T062	C0035168
27575716	588	601	physiological	T169	C0205463
27575716	602	612	regulation	T044	C1327623
27575716	616	621	PCSK9	T116,T126	C4255394
27575716	670	680	biological	T091	C0005532
27575716	681	700	inhibitors of PCSK9	T121	C4051515
27575716	714	719	LDL-C	T109,T123	C0023824
27575716	743	757	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27575716	787	802	swift evolution	T045	C3825184
27575716	806	811	PCSK9	T116,T126	C4255394
27575716	823	827	gene	T028	C0017337
27575716	831	835	drug	T121	C1254351
27575716	836	842	target	T169	C1521840
27575716	847	853	animal	T062	C1510899
27575716	858	863	human	T016	C0086418
27575716	864	871	testing	T062	C0013175
27575716	907	928	clinical applications	T062	C0008972
27575716	962	982	genetics-guided path	T058	C1948182
27575716	986	1001	PCSK9 inhibitor	T121	C4051515
27575716	1032	1040	paradigm	T062	C0681797
27575716	1044	1056	pharmacology	T091	C0031330
27575716	1108	1113	PCSK9	T116,T126	C4255394
27575716	1114	1124	inhibition	T039	C1524081
27575716	1152	1158	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592

27576084|t|Polymeric Nanostructure Compiled with Multifunctional Components To Exert Tumor - Targeted Delivery of Antiangiogenic Gene for Tumor Growth Suppression
27576084|a|Nucleic acid-based therapy has emerged as a revolutionary methodology for treatment of the diseases related to protein dysfunction; however, lack of systemically applicable synthetic delivery systems limits its current usage in local applications, particularly for DNA-based therapy with regard to the poor bioavailability in the systemic administrations. To overcome this obstacle, we compiled multiple chemistry-based strategies into the manufacture of the gene delivery formulations to pursue improved tolerability of DNA to the enzymatic degradation in the biological milieu and prolonged retention in the systemic circulation. Here, we constructed a distinctive multilayered functional architecture: plasmid DNA (pDNA) was electrostatically complexed with cationic poly(lysine) (polyplex) as the interior pDNA reservoir, which was further cross-linked by redox - responsive disulfide cross-linking to minimize the occurrence of polyplex disassembly through exchange reaction with the biological charged components. Still, the pDNA reservoir was spatially protected by a sequential thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) palisade as the intermediate barrier and a biocompatible hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) shell with the aim of preventing the accessibility of the biological species, particularly the nuclease degradation to the pDNA payload. Subsequent investigations validated the utilities of these strategies in accomplishing prolonged blood retention. In an attempt to apply this method for tumor therapy, ligand cyclic (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide was attached at the distal end of PEG, validating prompted tumor - targeted delivery and gene expression of the loaded antiangiogenic gene at the targeted tumor cells and accordingly exerting antiangiogenesis of the tumors for abrogation of tumor growth. Together with its excellent safe profile, the proposed formulation suggests potential utility as a practical gene delivery system for treatment of intractable diseases.
27576084	0	9	Polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27576084	10	23	Nanostructure	T073	C1450053
27576084	38	64	Multifunctional Components	T077	C1705248
27576084	74	79	Tumor	T191	C0027651
27576084	82	99	Targeted Delivery	T063	C0920677
27576084	103	117	Antiangiogenic	T039	C3179230
27576084	118	122	Gene	T028	C0017337
27576084	127	139	Tumor Growth	T191	C0598934
27576084	140	151	Suppression	T080	C2700409
27576084	152	170	Nucleic acid-based	T114,T123	C0028606
27576084	171	178	therapy	T061	C0087111
27576084	196	221	revolutionary methodology	T078	C3266812
27576084	226	235	treatment	T169	C1522326
27576084	243	251	diseases	T047	C0012634
27576084	263	270	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27576084	271	282	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27576084	293	300	lack of	T080	C0332268
27576084	301	313	systemically	T169	C0205373
27576084	314	324	applicable	T080	C1706839
27576084	325	351	synthetic delivery systems	T063	C0920677
27576084	380	398	local applications	T046	C1393254
27576084	417	426	DNA-based	T114,T123	C0012854
27576084	427	434	therapy	T061	C0087111
27576084	454	474	poor bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27576084	482	506	systemic administrations	UnknownType	C0678812
27576084	547	555	multiple	T081	C0439064
27576084	556	582	chemistry-based strategies	T059	C3178923
27576084	592	603	manufacture	T057	C0870840
27576084	611	637	gene delivery formulations	T063	C0920677
27576084	648	656	improved	T033	C0184511
27576084	657	669	tolerability	T080	C4053931
27576084	673	676	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27576084	684	693	enzymatic	T044	C1511131
27576084	694	705	degradation	T044	C0314674
27576084	713	723	biological	T080	C0205460
27576084	724	730	milieu	T082	C0014406
27576084	735	754	prolonged retention	T043	C1753315
27576084	807	831	distinctive multilayered	T080	C0205556
27576084	832	842	functional	T169	C0205245
27576084	843	855	architecture	T082	C1254362
27576084	857	868	plasmid DNA	T114,T123	C0032136
27576084	870	874	pDNA	T114,T123	C0032136
27576084	880	907	electrostatically complexed	T067	C2348396
27576084	913	921	cationic	T104	C0007447
27576084	922	934	poly(lysine)	T116	C0032426
27576084	936	944	polyplex	T104,T122	C0032521
27576084	953	961	interior	T082	C0205102
27576084	962	966	pDNA	T114,T123	C0032136
27576084	967	976	reservoir	T082	C1254362
27576084	996	1008	cross-linked	T070	C0178576
27576084	1012	1017	redox	T044	C0030012
27576084	1020	1030	responsive	T169	C0205342
27576084	1031	1040	disulfide	T104	C0012771
27576084	1041	1054	cross-linking	T169	C0332220
27576084	1071	1081	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27576084	1085	1093	polyplex	T104,T122	C0032521
27576084	1094	1105	disassembly	T052	C1707798
27576084	1114	1131	exchange reaction	T044	C1148560
27576084	1141	1151	biological	T080	C0205460
27576084	1152	1170	charged components	T196	C0022023
27576084	1183	1187	pDNA	T114,T123	C0032136
27576084	1188	1197	reservoir	T082	C1254362
27576084	1227	1237	sequential	T080	C1705294
27576084	1238	1254	thermoresponsive	T169	C0205245
27576084	1255	1282	poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)	T109,T122	C0071490
27576084	1283	1291	palisade	T033	C1704513
27576084	1299	1319	intermediate barrier	T033	C1704513
27576084	1326	1339	biocompatible	T122	C0005479
27576084	1340	1351	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
27576084	1352	1373	poly(ethylene glycol)	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27576084	1375	1378	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27576084	1380	1385	shell	T080	C1948022
27576084	1417	1430	accessibility	T080	C0814423
27576084	1438	1448	biological	T080	C0205460
27576084	1449	1456	species	T185	C1705920
27576084	1475	1483	nuclease	T116,T126	C0597094
27576084	1484	1495	degradation	T169	C0243125
27576084	1503	1507	pDNA	T114,T123	C0032136
27576084	1528	1542	investigations	T058	C0220825
27576084	1576	1586	strategies	T041	C0679199
27576084	1614	1619	blood	T031	C0005767
27576084	1620	1629	retention	T046	C0268000
27576084	1659	1665	method	T170	C0025663
27576084	1676	1683	therapy	T061	C0087111
27576084	1685	1720	ligand cyclic (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide	T116	C1685100
27576084	1755	1758	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27576084	1780	1785	tumor	T191	C0027651
27576084	1788	1796	targeted	T169	C1521840
27576084	1797	1805	delivery	T077	C1524066
27576084	1810	1825	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27576084	1840	1854	antiangiogenic	T039	C3179230
27576084	1855	1859	gene	T028	C0017337
27576084	1867	1875	targeted	T169	C1521840
27576084	1876	1887	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27576084	1904	1912	exerting	T040	C0015264
27576084	1913	1929	antiangiogenesis	T039	C3179230
27576084	1937	1943	tumors	T191	C0027651
27576084	1948	1958	abrogation	T079	C2746065
27576084	1962	1974	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27576084	2052	2061	potential	T080	C3245505
27576084	2085	2105	gene delivery system	T063	C0920677
27576084	2110	2119	treatment	T169	C1522326
27576084	2123	2134	intractable	T169	C0205269
27576084	2135	2143	diseases	T047	C0012634

27576608|t|Ocular toxicity of AUY922 in pigmented and albino rats
27576608|a|AUY922, a heat shock protein 90 inhibitor is associated with ocular adverse events (AEs). To provide a better understanding of ocular AEs in patients, 4 investigative studies were performed in a step-wise approach to assess retinal structure and function in pigmented (Brown Norway) and albino (Wistar) rats. In rats administered 30mg/kg of AUY922, the AUC 0-24 h and Cmax are comparable to that in patients at 70mg/m(2). AUY922 at ≥30mg/kg was poorly tolerated by rats with morbidity or mortality generally after the third weekly treatment. Electroretinography (ERG) changes were observed at doses ≥30mg/kg. The ERG changes were dose dependent, consistent with an effect on the photoreceptors, and fully reversible. The ERG effects could not be minimized by decreasing the Cmax while maintaining AUC. Histopathological changes were seen mainly when rats were administered AUY922 at 100mg/kg. The 2- hour infusion of AUY922 at 100mg/kg caused disorganization of the outer segment photoreceptor morphology in male Brown Norway rats; the severity of the disorganization increased with the number of administrations, but was reversible during a 4- week posttreatment period. There was no major difference in ocular response between Brown Norway and Wistar rats. No changes in serum iron levels, and no changes in rhodopsin, PDE6α, β-transducin concentrations, or retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein RPE65 expression were observed after single and multiple infusions of AUY922 at 100mg/kg compared to vehicle-treated controls. AUY922 retinal toxicity in rats recapitulates and further characterizes that reported in patients and is shown to be reversible, while a precise molecular mechanism for the effect was not determined.
27576608	0	15	Ocular toxicity	T037	C1262036
27576608	19	25	AUY922	T109,T121	C2348996
27576608	29	38	pigmented	T015	C0034700
27576608	43	54	albino rats	T015	C0684072
27576608	55	61	AUY922	T109,T121	C2348996
27576608	65	86	heat shock protein 90	T116,T123	C0243044
27576608	87	96	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27576608	116	122	ocular	T023	C0015392
27576608	123	137	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27576608	139	142	AEs	T046	C0877248
27576608	182	188	ocular	T023	C0015392
27576608	189	192	AEs	T046	C0877248
27576608	196	204	patients	T101	C0030705
27576608	208	229	investigative studies	T062	C2603343
27576608	250	268	step-wise approach	T082	C0449445
27576608	279	296	retinal structure	T023	C0035298
27576608	313	322	pigmented	T015	C0034700
27576608	324	336	Brown Norway	T015	C0034700
27576608	342	362	albino (Wistar) rats	T015	C0684072
27576608	350	356	Wistar	T015	C0034716
27576608	367	371	rats	T015	C0034721
27576608	372	384	administered	T169	C1521801
27576608	396	402	AUY922	T109,T121	C2348996
27576608	408	411	AUC	T081	C0376690
27576608	417	418	h	T079	C0439227
27576608	423	427	Cmax	T081	C2347813
27576608	454	462	patients	T101	C0030705
27576608	477	483	AUY922	T109,T121	C2348996
27576608	520	524	rats	T015	C0034721
27576608	530	539	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27576608	543	552	mortality	T081	C0596099
27576608	579	585	weekly	T079	C0332174
27576608	586	595	treatment	T061	C0087111
27576608	597	616	Electroretinography	T060	C0013867
27576608	618	621	ERG	T060	C0013867
27576608	623	630	changes	T169	C0392747
27576608	648	653	doses	T081	C0178602
27576608	668	671	ERG	T060	C0013867
27576608	672	679	changes	T169	C0392747
27576608	685	699	dose dependent	T081	C1512045
27576608	701	711	consistent	T078	C0332290
27576608	734	748	photoreceptors	T025	C0031760
27576608	760	770	reversible	T169	C0205343
27576608	776	779	ERG	T060	C0013867
27576608	829	833	Cmax	T081	C2347813
27576608	852	855	AUC	T081	C0376690
27576608	857	874	Histopathological	T169	C0243140
27576608	875	882	changes	T169	C0392747
27576608	905	909	rats	T015	C0034721
27576608	915	927	administered	T169	C1521801
27576608	928	934	AUY922	T109,T121	C2348996
27576608	955	959	hour	T079	C0439227
27576608	960	968	infusion	T061	C0574032
27576608	972	978	AUY922	T109,T121	C2348996
27576608	998	1013	disorganization	T033	C4061689
27576608	1021	1048	outer segment photoreceptor	T026	C1325525
27576608	1049	1059	morphology	T080	C0332437
27576608	1063	1067	male	T032	C0086582
27576608	1068	1085	Brown Norway rats	T015	C0034700
27576608	1107	1122	disorganization	T033	C4061689
27576608	1152	1167	administrations	T061	C1533734
27576608	1177	1187	reversible	T169	C0205343
27576608	1200	1204	week	T079	C0439230
27576608	1205	1225	posttreatment period	T079	C2709088
27576608	1260	1266	ocular	T023	C0015392
27576608	1267	1275	response	T032	C0871261
27576608	1284	1296	Brown Norway	T015	C0034700
27576608	1301	1312	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27576608	1328	1345	serum iron levels	T034	C0036810
27576608	1365	1374	rhodopsin	T116,T123	C0035499
27576608	1376	1381	PDE6α	T116,T126	C1567350
27576608	1383	1395	β-transducin	T116,T123	C0040665
27576608	1396	1410	concentrations	T081	C0392762
27576608	1415	1464	retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein RPE65	T116,T123	C1571376
27576608	1465	1475	expression	T045	C0017262
27576608	1516	1525	infusions	T061	C0574032
27576608	1529	1535	AUY922	T109,T121	C2348996
27576608	1560	1584	vehicle-treated controls	T096	C0009932
27576608	1586	1592	AUY922	T109,T121	C2348996
27576608	1593	1609	retinal toxicity	T190	C0877104
27576608	1613	1617	rats	T015	C0034721
27576608	1675	1683	patients	T101	C0030705
27576608	1703	1713	reversible	T169	C0205343
27576608	1731	1750	molecular mechanism	T044	C1258062

27576906|t|Inactivation of Cancer Mutations Utilizing CRISPR/Cas9
27576906|a|Although whole-genome sequencing has uncovered a large number of mutations that drive tumorigenesis, functional ratification for most mutations remains sparse. Here, we present an approach to test functional relevance of tumor mutations employing CRISPR/Cas9. Combining comprehensive sgRNA design and an efficient reporter assay to nominate efficient and selective sgRNAs, we establish a pipeline to dissect roles of cancer mutations with potential applicability to personalized medicine and future therapeutic use.
27576906	0	12	Inactivation	T169	C0544461
27576906	16	32	Cancer Mutations	T049	C1516197
27576906	43	54	CRISPR/Cas9	T044	C3658355
27576906	64	87	whole-genome sequencing	T063	C3640076
27576906	120	129	mutations	T045	C0026882
27576906	141	154	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27576906	156	166	functional	T169	C0205245
27576906	189	198	mutations	T045	C0026882
27576906	247	262	test functional	T169	C0205245
27576906	263	272	relevance	T080	C2347946
27576906	276	291	tumor mutations	T049	C1516197
27576906	302	313	CRISPR/Cas9	T044	C3658355
27576906	325	338	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27576906	339	344	sgRNA	T114,T123	C0082774
27576906	378	383	assay	T059	C1510438
27576906	420	426	sgRNAs	T114,T123	C0082774
27576906	455	462	dissect	T169	C0205239
27576906	472	488	cancer mutations	T049	C1516197
27576906	494	503	potential	T080	C3245505
27576906	504	517	applicability	T080	C1706839
27576906	521	542	personalized medicine	T061	C2718059
27576906	554	569	therapeutic use	T080	C0039795

27576941|t|Relationship between fear of falling and functional status in nursing home residents aged older than 65 years
27576941|a|The present study investigated the relationship between fear of falling and functional status, and sociodemographic and health-related factors in nursing home residents aged older than 65 years. The cross-sectional study involved 100 participants who were residents of a nursing home and aged older than 65 years. Fear of falling was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale. Functional status was assessed by four performance-based measures. Balance was assessed by the Berg Balance Scale, mobility by the Timed Up and Go test, lower limbs muscle strength by the Chair Rising Test and participants' functional ability by the motor Functional Independence Measure. There was a significant negative correlation between the Falls Efficacy Scale and Berg Balance Scale (P < 0.001), and motor Functional Independence Measure (P < 0.001) scores; and a positive correlation with the Timed Up and Go test (P < 0.001) and Chair Rising Test (P < 0.001) values. Falls Efficacy Scale score increase is associated with age, being a widower / widow and the number of falls in the previous year. Higher fear of falling is associated with an increase in the number of falls in the previous year and with a decrease in Berg Balance Scale score. The study found a significant associations between Falls Efficacy Scale score and all of the examined parameters of functional status, the number of falls in the previous year, age and marital status of widower / widow. The major finding was that poor balance and an increase in the number of falls in the previous year are independent factors significantly associated with the fear of falling. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; ••: ••-••.
27576941	0	12	Relationship	T080	C0439849
27576941	21	36	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
27576941	41	58	functional status	T080	C0870086
27576941	62	84	nursing home residents	T098	C0682287
27576941	85	95	aged older	T098	C0001792
27576941	104	109	years	T079	C0439234
27576941	122	127	study	T062	C2603343
27576941	128	140	investigated	T169	C1292732
27576941	145	157	relationship	T080	C0439849
27576941	166	181	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
27576941	186	203	functional status	T080	C0870086
27576941	209	225	sociodemographic	T078	C0011292
27576941	230	252	health-related factors	T078	C0018684
27576941	256	278	nursing home residents	T098	C0682287
27576941	298	303	years	T079	C0439234
27576941	309	330	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27576941	344	356	participants	T098	C0679646
27576941	366	393	residents of a nursing home	T098	C0682287
27576941	417	422	years	T079	C0439234
27576941	424	439	Fear of falling	T033	C0877040
27576941	444	452	assessed	T052	C1516048
27576941	463	483	Falls Efficacy Scale	T170	C2584445
27576941	485	502	Functional status	T080	C0870086
27576941	507	515	assessed	T052	C1516048
27576941	552	559	Balance	T040	C0014653
27576941	564	572	assessed	T052	C1516048
27576941	580	598	Berg Balance Scale	T170	C1998325
27576941	600	608	mobility	UnknownType	C0547136
27576941	616	637	Timed Up and Go test,	T060	C1319201
27576941	638	649	lower limbs	T023	C0023216
27576941	650	665	muscle strength	T042	C0517349
27576941	673	690	Chair Rising Test	T170	C0392366
27576941	695	708	participants'	T098	C0679646
27576941	709	727	functional ability	T056	C0001288
27576941	735	772	motor Functional Independence Measure	T170	C0451172
27576941	798	818	negative correlation	T080	C1707520
27576941	831	851	Falls Efficacy Scale	T170	C2584445
27576941	856	874	Berg Balance Scale	T170	C1998325
27576941	892	948	motor Functional Independence Measure (P < 0.001) scores	T081	C0449820
27576941	956	976	positive correlation	T080	C1707520
27576941	986	1006	Timed Up and Go test	T060	C1319201
27576941	1023	1040	Chair Rising Test	T170	C0392366
27576941	1061	1087	Falls Efficacy Scale score	T081	C0449820
27576941	1100	1115	associated with	T080	C0332281
27576941	1116	1119	age	T032	C0001779
27576941	1129	1136	widower	T099	C0043174
27576941	1139	1144	widow	T099	C1510465
27576941	1153	1168	number of falls	T033	C0575126
27576941	1176	1189	previous year	T079	C0439234
27576941	1198	1213	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
27576941	1217	1232	associated with	T080	C0332281
27576941	1252	1267	number of falls	T033	C0575126
27576941	1275	1288	previous year	T079	C0439234
27576941	1312	1336	Berg Balance Scale score	T081	C0449820
27576941	1368	1380	associations	T080	C0439849
27576941	1389	1415	Falls Efficacy Scale score	T081	C0449820
27576941	1431	1439	examined	T033	C0332128
27576941	1440	1450	parameters	T077	C0549193
27576941	1454	1471	functional status	T080	C0870086
27576941	1477	1492	number of falls	T033	C0575126
27576941	1500	1513	previous year	T079	C0439234
27576941	1515	1518	age	T032	C0001779
27576941	1523	1537	marital status	T102	C0024819
27576941	1541	1548	widower	T099	C0043174
27576941	1551	1556	widow	T099	C1510465
27576941	1585	1597	poor balance	T033	C0234964
27576941	1621	1636	number of falls	T033	C0575126
27576941	1644	1657	previous year	T079	C0439234
27576941	1696	1711	associated with	T080	C0332281
27576941	1716	1731	fear of falling	T033	C0877040

27577517|t|Utility of dual-energy spectral CT and low- iodine contrast medium in DIEP angiography
27577517|a|To evaluate the utility of dual-energy spectral computed tomography (CT) and low-iodine intake in CT angiography (CTA) of deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps. In this prospective study, 40 patients with a BMI <28.0 kg/m(2) underwent CTA examination for breast reconstruction and were randomly assigned into two groups (n=20 for each group) as follows: Group A was submitted to dual-energy spectral CT and iodixanol (270 mg I/mL) and Group B was submitted to conventional high iodine contrast agent iohexol (350 mg I/mL). The volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product were recorded and the effective dose (ED) was calculated. The best mono-spectrum images of Group A were selected according to the optimal contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Both mono-spectrum images of Group A and polychromatic images of Group B were used to reconstruct maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR) images of the perforating artery, respectively. Two radiologists evaluated subjective image quality using a 4-point score. The diameter of the perforating artery, CT value and SD value for the common femoral artery were measured and the CNR was calculated. The total iodine intake and radiation doses of the two groups were calculated and compared. The best mono-spectrum energy with the optimal CNR of the perforating artery was 63 keV. The CT value of common femoral artery in Group A (380.96±42.75HU) was 7.40% higher than in Group B (354.71±42.01 HU) but with no statistical significance (P>.05). The CNR of the common femoral artery in Group A (23.84±6.73) was 6.88% lower than in Group B (25.60±6.20), with no significant difference (P>.05). The diameters of the perforator vessels were 2.44±0.15 and 2.49±0.14 mm, respectively, with no significant difference (P>.05). Subjective image qualities for the two groups were both good for diagnostics, and the scores for Group A and Group B were (3.88±0.28) and (3.93±0.18), respectively. The scores of the two radiologists were consistent (kappa=0.634). The effective radiation dose in Group A (9.09±0 mSv) was 10.62% lower than in Group B (10.17±1.91 mSv). The total iodine intake in Group A (27 000 mg) was 22.86% lower than in Group B (35 000 mg). The combination of dual-energy spectral CT and low-iodine intake in CTA of DIEP flap examination with the optimal CNR technology can meet the requirements of clinical diagnostics, with a 22.86% reduction in total iodine intake and an 11.01% reduction in radiation dose.
27577517	11	34	dual-energy spectral CT	T060	C4055114
27577517	44	66	iodine contrast medium	T130	C0879373
27577517	70	74	DIEP	T061	C2985549
27577517	75	86	angiography	T060	C0086305
27577517	114	154	dual-energy spectral computed tomography	T060	C4055114
27577517	156	158	CT	T060	C4055114
27577517	164	181	low-iodine intake	T033	C3714384
27577517	185	199	CT angiography	T060	C1536105
27577517	201	204	CTA	T060	C1536105
27577517	209	257	deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps	T061	C2985549
27577517	267	284	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27577517	289	297	patients	T101	C0030705
27577517	305	308	BMI	T201	C1305855
27577517	333	336	CTA	T060	C1536105
27577517	353	374	breast reconstruction	T033	C2225488
27577517	411	417	groups	T078	C0441833
27577517	433	438	group	T078	C0441833
27577517	452	457	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	477	500	dual-energy spectral CT	T060	C4055114
27577517	505	514	iodixanol	T109,T130	C0063757
27577517	533	538	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	576	597	iodine contrast agent	T130	C0879373
27577517	598	605	iohexol	T109,T130	C0022005
27577517	625	645	volume CT dose index	T081	C3640003
27577517	647	654	CTDIvol	T081	C3640003
27577517	660	679	dose length product	T081	C3539930
27577517	702	716	effective dose	T034	C0429197
27577517	718	720	ED	T034	C0429197
27577517	747	767	mono-spectrum images	T170	C1704254
27577517	771	776	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	818	841	contrast to noise ratio	T081	C0392762
27577517	843	846	CNR	T081	C0392762
27577517	854	874	mono-spectrum images	T170	C1704254
27577517	878	883	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	890	910	polychromatic images	T170	C1704254
27577517	914	919	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	947	975	maximum intensity projection	T073	C2986779
27577517	977	980	MIP	T073	C2986779
27577517	986	1002	volume rendering	T057	C2986838
27577517	1004	1006	VR	T057	C2986838
27577517	1008	1014	images	T170	C1704254
27577517	1022	1040	perforating artery	T023	C1181643
27577517	1060	1072	radiologists	T097	C0260194
27577517	1083	1093	subjective	T033	C2266644
27577517	1094	1107	image quality	T080	C0806487
27577517	1151	1169	perforating artery	T023	C1181643
27577517	1171	1173	CT	T060	C4055114
27577517	1174	1179	value	T081	C1522609
27577517	1184	1186	SD	T081	C0871420
27577517	1187	1192	value	T081	C1522609
27577517	1208	1222	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
27577517	1245	1248	CNR	T081	C0392762
27577517	1275	1288	iodine intake	T033	C4263590
27577517	1293	1308	radiation doses	T081	C4019308
27577517	1320	1326	groups	T078	C0441833
27577517	1366	1379	mono-spectrum	T081	C1883073
27577517	1380	1386	energy	T081	C1442080
27577517	1404	1407	CNR	T081	C0392762
27577517	1415	1433	perforating artery	T023	C1181643
27577517	1450	1452	CT	T060	C4055114
27577517	1453	1458	value	T081	C1522609
27577517	1469	1483	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
27577517	1487	1492	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	1537	1542	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	1575	1599	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
27577517	1613	1616	CNR	T081	C0392762
27577517	1631	1645	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
27577517	1649	1654	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	1694	1699	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	1760	1769	diameters	T081	C1301886
27577517	1777	1795	perforator vessels	T023	C0005847
27577517	1883	1893	Subjective	T033	C2266644
27577517	1894	1909	image qualities	T080	C0806487
27577517	1922	1928	groups	T078	C0441833
27577517	1948	1959	diagnostics	T060	C0086141
27577517	1969	1975	scores	T081	C0449820
27577517	1980	1985	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	1992	1997	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	2070	2082	radiologists	T097	C0260194
27577517	2128	2142	radiation dose	T081	C4019308
27577517	2146	2151	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	2192	2197	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	2228	2241	iodine intake	T033	C4263590
27577517	2245	2250	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	2290	2295	Group	T078	C0441833
27577517	2315	2326	combination	T080	C0205195
27577517	2330	2353	dual-energy spectral CT	T060	C4055114
27577517	2358	2375	low-iodine intake	T033	C3714384
27577517	2379	2382	CTA	T060	C1536105
27577517	2386	2395	DIEP flap	T061	C2985549
27577517	2425	2428	CNR	T081	C0392762
27577517	2469	2489	clinical diagnostics	T170	C0237512
27577517	2505	2514	reduction	T080	C0392756
27577517	2524	2537	iodine intake	T033	C4263590
27577517	2552	2561	reduction	T080	C0392756
27577517	2565	2579	radiation dose	T081	C4019308

27577581|t|Gut Microbiota Promote Angiotensin II - Induced Arterial Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction
27577581|a|The gut microbiome is essential for physiological host responses and development of immune functions. The impact of gut microbiota on blood pressure and systemic vascular function, processes that are determined by immune cell function, is unknown. Unchallenged germ-free mice (GF) had a dampened systemic T helper cell type 1 skewing compared to conventionally raised (CONV-R) mice. Colonization of GF mice with regular gut microbiota induced lymphoid mRNA transcription of T-box expression in T cells and resulted in mild endothelial dysfunction. Compared to CONV-R mice, angiotensin II (AngII; 1 mg/kg per day for 7 days) infused GF mice showed reduced reactive oxygen species formation in the vasculature, attenuated vascular mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2, as well as a reduced upregulation of retinoic-acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (Rorγt), the signature transcription factor for interleukin (IL)-17 synthesis. This resulted in an attenuated vascular leukocyte adhesion, less infiltration of Ly6G(+) neutrophils and Ly6C(+) monocytes into the aortic vessel wall, protection from kidney inflammation, as well as endothelial dysfunction and attenuation of blood pressure increase in response to AngII. Importantly, cardiac inflammation, fibrosis and systolic dysfunction were attenuated in GF mice, indicating systemic protection from cardiovascular inflammatory stress induced by AngII. Gut microbiota facilitate AngII - induced vascular dysfunction and hypertension, at least in part, by supporting an MCP-1 / IL-17 driven vascular immune cell infiltration and inflammation.
27577581	0	14	Gut Microbiota	T001	C4018878
27577581	15	22	Promote	T052	C0033414
27577581	23	37	Angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27577581	40	47	Induced	T169	C0205263
27577581	48	69	Arterial Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27577581	74	94	Vascular Dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27577581	99	113	gut microbiome	T001	C4018878
27577581	117	126	essential	T080	C0205224
27577581	131	144	physiological	T169	C0205463
27577581	145	159	host responses	T042	C0301872
27577581	164	175	development	T169	C1527148
27577581	179	195	immune functions	T042	C1817756
27577581	201	207	impact	T080	C4049986
27577581	211	225	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
27577581	229	243	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27577581	248	256	systemic	T169	C0205373
27577581	257	274	vascular function	T201	C0232337
27577581	309	315	immune	T169	C0439662
27577581	316	329	cell function	T043	C0007613
27577581	356	365	germ-free	T078	C1517529
27577581	366	370	mice	T015	C0025929
27577581	372	374	GF	T078	C1517529
27577581	382	390	dampened	T080	C0205556
27577581	391	399	systemic	T169	C0205373
27577581	400	420	T helper cell type 1	T025	C0242632
27577581	421	428	skewing	T033	C0271381
27577581	441	462	conventionally raised	T080	C0205556
27577581	464	470	CONV-R	T080	C0205556
27577581	472	476	mice	T015	C0025929
27577581	478	490	Colonization	T033	C4289767
27577581	494	496	GF	T078	C1517529
27577581	497	501	mice	T015	C0025929
27577581	507	514	regular	T080	C0205272
27577581	515	529	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
27577581	530	537	induced	T169	C0205263
27577581	538	546	lymphoid	T025	C0086574
27577581	547	565	mRNA transcription	T045	C1158816
27577581	569	574	T-box	T116	C0752212
27577581	575	585	expression	T045	C1171362
27577581	589	596	T cells	T025	C0039194
27577581	613	617	mild	T080	C2945599
27577581	618	641	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27577581	655	661	CONV-R	T080	C0205556
27577581	662	666	mice	T015	C0025929
27577581	668	682	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27577581	684	689	AngII	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27577581	727	729	GF	T078	C1517529
27577581	730	734	mice	T015	C0025929
27577581	742	749	reduced	T080	C0392756
27577581	750	773	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27577581	774	783	formation	T169	C1522492
27577581	791	802	vasculature	T017	C3714653
27577581	804	814	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27577581	815	823	vascular	T023	C0005847
27577581	824	839	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27577581	843	877	monocyte chemoattractant protein 1	T028	C1337092
27577581	879	884	MCP-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27577581	887	918	inducible nitric oxide synthase	T028	C1417760
27577581	920	924	iNOS	T028	C1417760
27577581	930	956	NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2	T028	C1413844
27577581	971	978	reduced	T080	C0392756
27577581	979	991	upregulation	T044	C0949479
27577581	995	1049	retinoic-acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t	T116,T192	C2717992
27577581	1051	1056	Rorγt	T116,T192	C2717992
27577581	1073	1093	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27577581	1098	1117	interleukin (IL)-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27577581	1118	1127	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27577581	1149	1159	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27577581	1160	1187	vascular leukocyte adhesion	T043	C4236809
27577581	1189	1193	less	T080	C0547044
27577581	1194	1206	infiltration	T046	C0332448
27577581	1210	1217	Ly6G(+)	T116,T129	C1433476
27577581	1218	1229	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27577581	1234	1241	Ly6C(+)	T129	C1530208
27577581	1242	1251	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27577581	1261	1279	aortic vessel wall	T023	C0507851
27577581	1281	1291	protection	T033	C1545588
27577581	1297	1316	kidney inflammation	T047	C0027697
27577581	1329	1352	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27577581	1357	1368	attenuation	T052	C0599946
27577581	1372	1395	blood pressure increase	T033	C0497247
27577581	1399	1407	response	T032	C0871261
27577581	1411	1416	AngII	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27577581	1431	1451	cardiac inflammation	UnknownType	C0679400
27577581	1453	1461	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27577581	1466	1486	systolic dysfunction	T046	C0749225
27577581	1492	1502	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27577581	1506	1508	GF	T078	C1517529
27577581	1509	1513	mice	T015	C0025929
27577581	1526	1534	systemic	T169	C0205373
27577581	1535	1545	protection	T033	C1545588
27577581	1551	1578	cardiovascular inflammatory	T047	C1290889
27577581	1551	1585	cardiovascular inflammatory stress	T033	C0038435
27577581	1586	1593	induced	T169	C0205263
27577581	1597	1602	AngII	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27577581	1604	1618	Gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
27577581	1630	1635	AngII	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27577581	1638	1645	induced	T169	C0205263
27577581	1646	1666	vascular dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27577581	1671	1683	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27577581	1720	1725	MCP-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27577581	1728	1733	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27577581	1741	1749	vascular	T023	C0005847
27577581	1750	1761	immune cell	T025	C0312740
27577581	1762	1774	infiltration	T046	C0332448
27577581	1779	1791	inflammation	T046	C0021368

27577957|t|Adenosine arrests breast cancer cell motility by A3 receptor stimulation
27577957|a|In neutrophils, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and autocrine purinergic signaling regulate coordinated cell motility during chemotaxis. Here, we studied whether similar mechanisms regulate the motility of breast cancer cells. While neutrophils and benign human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) form a single leading edge, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells possess multiple leading edges enriched with A3 adenosine receptors. Compared to HMEC, MDA-MB-231 cells overexpress the ectonucleotidases ENPP1 and CD73, which convert extracellular ATP released by the cells to adenosine that stimulates A3 receptors and promotes cell migration with frequent directional changes. However, exogenous adenosine added to breast cancer cells or the A3 receptor agonist IB-MECA dose - dependently arrested cell motility by simultaneous stimulation of multiple leading edges, doubling cell surface areas and significantly reducing migration velocity by up to 75 %. We conclude that MDA-MB-231 cells, HMEC, and neutrophils differ in the purinergic signaling mechanisms that regulate their motility patterns and that the subcellular distribution of A3 adenosine receptors in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells contributes to dysfunctional cell motility. These findings imply that purinergic signaling mechanisms may be potential therapeutic targets to interfere with the motility of breast cancer cells in order to reduce the spread of cancer cells and the risk of metastasis.
27577957	0	9	Adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27577957	10	17	arrests	T169	C0205245
27577957	18	36	breast cancer cell	T025	C1512505
27577957	37	45	motility	T040	C0007608
27577957	49	60	A3 receptor	T116,T192	C0664494
27577957	61	72	stimulation	T070	C1948023
27577957	76	87	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27577957	89	111	adenosine triphosphate	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27577957	113	116	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27577957	118	125	release	T169	C1283071
27577957	130	139	autocrine	T042	C0596138
27577957	140	160	purinergic signaling	T044	C3158762
27577957	161	169	regulate	T038	C0678661
27577957	182	195	cell motility	T040	C0007608
27577957	203	213	chemotaxis	T043	C0008018
27577957	248	258	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27577957	259	267	regulate	T038	C0678661
27577957	272	280	motility	T040	C1510470
27577957	284	303	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27577957	311	322	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27577957	327	333	benign	T080	C0205183
27577957	334	347	human mammary	T023	C0929301
27577957	348	364	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27577957	366	370	HMEC	T025	C0014597
27577957	379	385	single	T081	C0205171
27577957	386	398	leading edge	T026	C1621433
27577957	400	410	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27577957	411	430	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27577957	439	447	multiple	T081	C0439064
27577957	448	461	leading edges	T026	C1621433
27577957	476	498	A3 adenosine receptors	T116,T192	C0664494
27577957	512	516	HMEC	T025	C0014597
27577957	518	528	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27577957	529	534	cells	T025	C1512505
27577957	535	546	overexpress	T045	C1514559
27577957	551	574	ectonucleotidases ENPP1	T116,T126	C0084070
27577957	579	583	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
27577957	599	612	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27577957	613	616	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27577957	617	625	released	T169	C1283071
27577957	633	638	cells	T025	C0007634
27577957	642	651	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27577957	657	667	stimulates	T070	C1948023
27577957	668	680	A3 receptors	T116,T192	C0664494
27577957	685	693	promotes	T052	C0033414
27577957	694	708	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27577957	714	722	frequent	T079	C0332183
27577957	723	734	directional	T040	C2246452
27577957	735	742	changes	T169	C0392747
27577957	763	772	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27577957	773	778	added	T169	C1524062
27577957	782	801	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27577957	809	820	A3 receptor	T116,T192	C0664494
27577957	821	828	agonist	T121	C2987634
27577957	829	836	IB-MECA	T114	C0250131
27577957	837	841	dose	T081	C0178602
27577957	844	855	dependently	T080	C1701901
27577957	856	864	arrested	T169	C0205245
27577957	865	878	cell motility	T040	C0007608
27577957	882	894	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27577957	895	906	stimulation	T070	C1948023
27577957	910	918	multiple	T081	C0439064
27577957	919	932	leading edges	T026	C1621433
27577957	934	942	doubling	T052	C1705764
27577957	943	955	cell surface	T026	C0699040
27577957	956	961	areas	T082	C0205146
27577957	980	988	reducing	T080	C0392756
27577957	989	998	migration	T043	C1622501
27577957	999	1007	velocity	T081	C0439830
27577957	1040	1050	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27577957	1051	1056	cells	T025	C1512505
27577957	1058	1062	HMEC	T025	C0014597
27577957	1068	1079	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27577957	1094	1114	purinergic signaling	T044	C3158765
27577957	1115	1125	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27577957	1131	1139	regulate	T038	C0678661
27577957	1146	1154	motility	T040	C0007608
27577957	1155	1163	patterns	T082	C0449774
27577957	1177	1188	subcellular	T026	C1258076
27577957	1189	1201	distribution	T169	C1704711
27577957	1205	1227	A3 adenosine receptors	T116,T192	C0664494
27577957	1231	1241	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27577957	1242	1261	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27577957	1277	1290	dysfunctional	T077	C3887504
27577957	1291	1304	cell motility	T040	C0007608
27577957	1332	1352	purinergic signaling	T044	C3158765
27577957	1353	1363	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27577957	1371	1380	potential	T080	C3245505
27577957	1381	1392	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27577957	1393	1400	targets	T169	C1521840
27577957	1404	1418	interfere with	T169	C0521102
27577957	1423	1431	motility	T040	C0007608
27577957	1435	1454	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27577957	1467	1473	reduce	T080	C0392756
27577957	1478	1484	spread	T080	C0332261
27577957	1488	1500	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27577957	1509	1513	risk	T078	C0035647
27577957	1517	1527	metastasis	T046	C4255448

27578508|t|Evaluation of the VIDAS Anti-HCV Assay for Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection
27578508|a|Anti-hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) assays are recommended for screening HCV -infected persons. The VIDAS Anti-HCV Assay (bioMérieux, France), based on the enzyme-linked fluorescence test principle, was recently introduced in Korea. We evaluated the clinical performance of the VIDAS assay. One hundred HCV-positive and 1,002 HCV-negative blood samples confirmed by Architect anti-HCV (Abbott Laboratories, USA) and COBAS TaqMan HCV real-time PCR (Roche Diagnostics, USA) or the Procleix Ultrio Plus Assay (Gen-Probe Incorporated, USA) were obtained from the Human Serum Bank (HSB) and tested by VIDAS. In case of discrepant results, we conducted a recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). The agreement rates for known HCV-positive and HCV-negative samples between the VIDAS assay and the HSB testing were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 96.4-100%) and 99.5% (95% CI: 98.8-99.8%), respectively. One of the five discrepant samples was positive for Core 2+ and NS3-2 2+ reactivity, two samples were negative, and the other two were indeterminate regarding NS4 2+ reactivity in RIBA. We observed a significant but weak positive correlation between the titers of VIDAS and Architect assays (r=0.315, P<0.001). The VIDAS anti-HCV assay, developed on the VIDAS automated immunoassay platform based on the ready-to-use, single-sample test concept may be useful in small-to-medium-sized laboratories. It showed good agreement with Architect anti-HCV and COBAS PCR assays and is therefore useful for detection of HCV infection. Weakly test-positive (ambiguous) samples require additional testing by another anti-HCV, RIBA, or HCV RNA assay.
27578508	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27578508	18	38	VIDAS Anti-HCV Assay	T059	C0005507
27578508	43	52	Detection	T061	C1511790
27578508	56	83	Hepatitis C Virus Infection	T047	C4288963
27578508	84	115	Anti-hepatitis C virus antibody	T116,T129	C0166049
27578508	117	125	anti-HCV	T116,T129	C0166049
27578508	127	133	assays	T059	C0005507
27578508	154	163	screening	T058	C1710032
27578508	164	167	HCV	T005	C0220847
27578508	164	185	HCV -infected persons	T098	C0027361
27578508	191	211	VIDAS Anti-HCV Assay	T059	C0005507
27578508	225	231	France	T083	C0016674
27578508	247	278	enzyme-linked fluorescence test	T059	C0022885
27578508	279	288	principle	T078	C0178566
27578508	317	322	Korea	T083	C0022771
27578508	341	349	clinical	T080	C0205210
27578508	350	361	performance	T052	C1882330
27578508	369	380	VIDAS assay	T059	C0005507
27578508	394	406	HCV-positive	T034	C1112419
27578508	417	429	HCV-negative	T034	C1619717
27578508	430	443	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27578508	457	475	Architect anti-HCV	T059	C0005507
27578508	477	496	Abbott Laboratories	T093	C1552881
27578508	498	501	USA	T083	C0041703
27578508	507	537	COBAS TaqMan HCV real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27578508	539	556	Roche Diagnostics	T092	C3828314
27578508	558	561	USA	T083	C0041703
27578508	570	596	Procleix Ultrio Plus Assay	T059	C0005507
27578508	622	625	USA	T083	C0041703
27578508	650	666	Human Serum Bank	T093	C0597886
27578508	668	671	HSB	T093	C0597886
27578508	687	692	VIDAS	T059	C1553144
27578508	705	723	discrepant results	T033	C1290905
27578508	740	768	recombinant immunoblot assay	T059	C2987205
27578508	770	774	RIBA	T059	C2987205
27578508	781	796	agreement rates	T081	C1521828
27578508	807	819	HCV-positive	T034	C1112419
27578508	824	836	HCV-negative	T034	C1619717
27578508	837	844	samples	T031	C0178913
27578508	857	868	VIDAS assay	T059	C0005507
27578508	877	880	HSB	T093	C0597886
27578508	904	923	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27578508	925	927	CI	T081	C0009667
27578508	956	958	CI	T081	C0009667
27578508	1003	1013	discrepant	T033	C1290905
27578508	1014	1021	samples	T031	C0178913
27578508	1026	1034	positive	T033	C1446409
27578508	1039	1046	Core 2+	T129	C0019166
27578508	1051	1059	NS3-2 2+	T129	C0021054
27578508	1076	1083	samples	T031	C0178913
27578508	1089	1097	negative	T033	C0205160
27578508	1146	1152	NS4 2+	T129	C0021054
27578508	1167	1171	RIBA	T059	C2987205
27578508	1217	1228	correlation	T080	C1707520
27578508	1241	1247	titers	T081	C0475208
27578508	1251	1256	VIDAS	T059	C1553144
27578508	1261	1277	Architect assays	T059	C0005507
27578508	1302	1322	VIDAS anti-HCV assay	T059	C0005507
27578508	1341	1346	VIDAS	T059	C1553144
27578508	1347	1377	automated immunoassay platform	T059	C0020980
27578508	1471	1483	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27578508	1515	1533	Architect anti-HCV	T059	C0005507
27578508	1538	1554	COBAS PCR assays	T063	C1709846
27578508	1596	1609	HCV infection	T047	C4288963
27578508	1611	1643	Weakly test-positive (ambiguous)	T034	C0456984
27578508	1644	1651	samples	T031	C0178913
27578508	1690	1698	anti-HCV	T116,T129	C0166049
27578508	1700	1704	RIBA	T059	C2987205
27578508	1709	1722	HCV RNA assay	T059	C1272251

27578611|t|Severity of Gastric Mucosal Atrophy Is the Major Determinant of Plasma Ghrelin Level in Hemodialysis Patients
27578611|a|Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone, has multiple favorable functions including protein anabolism enhancement, anti-inflammatory actions, and cardiovascular protection. A low plasma ghrelin level is associated with increased mortality in patients treated with hemodialysis (HD). However, it is unclear whether the plasma ghrelin level in HD patients correlates with the severity of gastric mucosal atrophy and Helicobacter pylori status. Seventy-eight maintenance HD patients and 51 non-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease were evaluated for severity of gastric mucosal atrophy by gastroduodenoscopy and for H. pylori status using an anti-H. pylori-antibody and rapid urease test. Plasma acyl and des-acyl ghrelin levels were measured and their associations with relevant clinical parameters were investigated. Des-acyl ghrelin level in HD patients was significantly higher than that in patients with kidney function preserved. Although acyl and des-acyl ghrelin levels were similar between current H. pylori positive and negative HD patients, both levels decreased significantly with the progress of endoscopic gastric mucosal atrophy in HD patients. Serum pepsinogen (PG) I level and PG I / II ratio decreased significantly according to the severity of atrophy in HD patients and positively significantly correlated with both ghrelin levels. Multiple regression analysis showed significant positive correlations between acyl ghrelin and PG I levels (β = 0.738, p < 0.001) and significant negative correlations between ghrelin and age, albumin, and creatinine levels. Gastric atrophy is the major determinant of ghrelin level in HD patients. Management practices, such as H. pylori eradication, before advanced atrophy may be required to prevent the decrease of ghrelin levels and improve the prognosis of HD patients.
27578611	0	8	Severity	T080	C0439793
27578611	12	35	Gastric Mucosal Atrophy	T033	C0597736
27578611	64	70	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27578611	71	78	Ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	79	84	Level	T080	C0441889
27578611	88	100	Hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27578611	101	109	Patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	110	117	Ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	122	140	orexigenic hormone	T125	C0019932
27578611	165	174	functions	T169	C0542341
27578611	185	202	protein anabolism	T044	C0597295
27578611	203	214	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27578611	216	241	anti-inflammatory actions	T080	C1515999
27578611	247	261	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27578611	262	272	protection	T033	C1545588
27578611	280	286	plasma	T031	C0032105
27578611	287	294	ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	295	300	level	T080	C0441889
27578611	330	339	mortality	T081	C0681679
27578611	343	351	patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	352	364	treated with	T061	C0332293
27578611	365	377	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27578611	379	381	HD	T061	C0019004
27578611	419	425	plasma	T031	C0032105
27578611	426	433	ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	434	439	level	T080	C0441889
27578611	443	445	HD	T061	C0019004
27578611	446	454	patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	475	483	severity	T080	C0439793
27578611	487	510	gastric mucosal atrophy	T033	C0597736
27578611	515	534	Helicobacter pylori	T007	C0079488
27578611	569	571	HD	T061	C0019004
27578611	572	580	patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	601	609	patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	615	637	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
27578611	643	652	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27578611	657	665	severity	T080	C0439793
27578611	669	692	gastric mucosal atrophy	T033	C0597736
27578611	696	714	gastroduodenoscopy	T061	C0192657
27578611	723	732	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
27578611	749	772	anti-H. pylori-antibody	T059	C0373906
27578611	783	794	urease test	T059	C0585237
27578611	796	802	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27578611	803	807	acyl	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	812	828	des-acyl ghrelin	T116,T125	C0965048
27578611	829	835	levels	T080	C0441889
27578611	887	895	clinical	T080	C0205210
27578611	896	906	parameters	T033	C0449381
27578611	912	924	investigated	T169	C1292732
27578611	926	942	Des-acyl ghrelin	T116,T125	C0965048
27578611	943	948	level	T080	C0441889
27578611	952	954	HD	T061	C0019004
27578611	955	963	patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	968	988	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27578611	1002	1010	patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	1016	1031	kidney function	T042	C0232804
27578611	1052	1056	acyl	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	1061	1077	des-acyl ghrelin	T116,T125	C0965048
27578611	1078	1084	levels	T080	C0441889
27578611	1114	1123	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
27578611	1146	1148	HD	T061	C0019004
27578611	1149	1157	patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	1164	1170	levels	T080	C0441889
27578611	1181	1194	significantly	T078	C0750502
27578611	1227	1250	gastric mucosal atrophy	T033	C0597736
27578611	1254	1256	HD	T061	C0019004
27578611	1257	1265	patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	1267	1283	Serum pepsinogen	T116,T126	C0443461
27578611	1285	1287	PG	T116,T126	C0443461
27578611	1289	1290	I	T116,T126	C0443461
27578611	1291	1296	level	T080	C0441889
27578611	1301	1305	PG I	T116,T126	C0443461
27578611	1308	1310	II	T116,T123	C0030913
27578611	1311	1316	ratio	T081	C0456603
27578611	1327	1340	significantly	T078	C0750502
27578611	1358	1366	severity	T080	C0439793
27578611	1370	1377	atrophy	T033	C0597736
27578611	1381	1383	HD	T061	C0019004
27578611	1384	1392	patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	1408	1421	significantly	T078	C0750502
27578611	1443	1450	ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	1451	1457	levels	T080	C0441889
27578611	1459	1487	Multiple regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27578611	1495	1506	significant	T078	C0750502
27578611	1537	1549	acyl ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	1554	1558	PG I	T116,T126	C0443461
27578611	1559	1565	levels	T080	C0441889
27578611	1593	1604	significant	T078	C0750502
27578611	1635	1642	ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	1647	1650	age	T032	C0001779
27578611	1652	1659	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27578611	1665	1675	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27578611	1676	1682	levels	T080	C0441889
27578611	1684	1699	Gastric atrophy	T047	C0017154
27578611	1728	1735	ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	1736	1741	level	T080	C0441889
27578611	1745	1747	HD	T061	C0019004
27578611	1748	1756	patients	T101	C0030705
27578611	1788	1809	H. pylori eradication	T061	C0559761
27578611	1827	1834	atrophy	T047	C0017154
27578611	1878	1885	ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
27578611	1886	1892	levels	T080	C0441889
27578611	1909	1918	prognosis	T033	C0278250
27578611	1922	1924	HD	T061	C0019004
27578611	1925	1933	patients	T101	C0030705

27578894|t|The Heater Cooler as a Source of Infection from Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
27578894|a|Nosocomial infections acquired during the course of cardiac surgery and hospitalization can have devastating patient consequences. The source of these infections is often difficult to determine which complicates eradication efforts. Recently it has become apparent that the heater-cooler devices used in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass may become contaminated with bacteria that are normally found in hospital water sources. The culprit organisms are nontuberculous mycobacteria which coat the intrinsic surfaces found within the circuits of the heater-coolers. Aerosolization of the bacteria occurs during normal heater-cooler operation which can disperse the organisms throughout the operating room. The bacteria are slow-growing and may not present for months, or years, following exposure which makes epidemiological determination a challenge. The ensuing report summarizes a recent outbreak in these infections that have been reported both in Europe and the United States, along with efforts to reduce the risk for patient infection.
27578894	4	17	Heater Cooler	T074	C0181255
27578894	23	42	Source of Infection	T033	C0449426
27578894	48	75	Nontuberculous Mycobacteria	T007	C1265234
27578894	76	97	Nosocomial infections	T047	C0205721
27578894	107	113	during	T079	C0347984
27578894	118	124	course	T079	C0750729
27578894	128	143	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27578894	148	163	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27578894	173	184	devastating	T080	C0205556
27578894	185	192	patient	T101	C0030705
27578894	193	205	consequences	T169	C0686907
27578894	211	237	source of these infections	T033	C0449426
27578894	247	256	difficult	T080	C0332218
27578894	276	287	complicates	T169	C0231242
27578894	288	299	eradication	T058	C3178994
27578894	332	340	apparent	T078	C0750489
27578894	350	371	heater-cooler devices	T074	C0181255
27578894	380	391	conjunction	T078	C2699427
27578894	397	419	cardiopulmonary bypass	T061	C0007202
27578894	431	443	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27578894	449	457	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27578894	467	475	normally	T080	C0205307
27578894	485	493	hospital	T080	C1510665
27578894	494	499	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27578894	500	507	sources	T033	C0449416
27578894	521	530	organisms	T001	C0029235
27578894	535	562	nontuberculous mycobacteria	T007	C1265234
27578894	569	573	coat	T080	C1522408
27578894	578	587	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
27578894	588	596	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27578894	614	622	circuits	T073	C1707396
27578894	630	644	heater-coolers	T074	C0181255
27578894	646	660	Aerosolization	T070	C1254365
27578894	668	676	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27578894	684	690	during	T079	C0347984
27578894	691	697	normal	T080	C0205307
27578894	698	711	heater-cooler	T074	C0181255
27578894	712	721	operation	T052	C3241922
27578894	732	740	disperse	T169	C1704711
27578894	745	754	organisms	T001	C0029235
27578894	755	765	throughout	T082	C1254362
27578894	770	784	operating room	T073,T093	C0029064
27578894	790	798	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27578894	803	815	slow-growing	T033	C4086857
27578894	840	846	months	T079	C0439231
27578894	851	856	years	T079	C0439234
27578894	868	876	exposure	T080	C0332157
27578894	889	904	epidemiological	T091	C0014507
27578894	905	918	determination	T059	C1148554
27578894	971	979	outbreak	T067	C0012652
27578894	989	999	infections	T047	C0009450
27578894	1032	1038	Europe	T083	C0015176
27578894	1047	1060	United States	T083	C0041703
27578894	1084	1090	reduce	T080	C0392756
27578894	1095	1099	risk	T078	C0035647
27578894	1104	1111	patient	T101	C0030705
27578894	1112	1121	infection	T047	C0009450

27578983|t|EGFR protein expression using a specific intracellular domain antibody and PTEN and clinical outcomes in squamous cell lung cancer patients with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy
27578983|a|The aim of this research was to examine the molecular and clinical features that are related with EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) efficacy in previously treated patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL). This retrospective study included 67 SCCL patients with obtainable lung cancer tissue and records on EGFR-TKI treatment response and survival. EGFR protein expression in lung cancer tissue was measured by immunohistochemistry with a specific antibody that recognizes the intracellular domain (ID) of EGFR. PTEN expression in lung cancer tissue was also evaluated with immunohistochemistry. PI3KCA gene amplification was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and FGFR1 amplification was assessed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. EGFR ID expression (hazard ratio [HR] 0.53, P=0.022) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) (HR 0.43, P=0.022) were significantly related with progression - free survival following EGFR-TKIs treatment. PTEN expression (HR 0.52, P=0.025) was significantly related to overall survival. The group of EGFR - positive or PTEN - positive patients with ECOG PS of 0 or 1 had better clinical outcomes than patients who were EGFR - negative and PTEN - negative or who had poor ECOG PS with longer median progression - free survival (2.1 vs 1.0 months, P=0.05) and overall survival (6.2 vs 2.1 months, P=0.05). EGFR expression using an ID -specific antibody and PTEN protein expression may be used to identify SCCL patients who might benefit from EGFR-TKI treatment.
27578983	0	12	EGFR protein	T116,T192	C1739039
27578983	13	23	expression	T045	C1171362
27578983	41	54	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27578983	55	61	domain	T087	C1514562
27578983	62	70	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27578983	75	79	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
27578983	84	101	clinical outcomes	T080	C0085415
27578983	105	130	squamous cell lung cancer	T191	C0149782
27578983	131	139	patients	T101	C0030705
27578983	145	183	EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy	T061	C3899317
27578983	188	191	aim	T078	C1947946
27578983	200	208	research	T062	C0035168
27578983	216	223	examine	T058	C0582103
27578983	228	237	molecular	T080	C1521991
27578983	242	250	clinical	T080	C0205210
27578983	251	259	features	T080	C2348519
27578983	282	312	EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor	T061	C3899317
27578983	314	322	EGFR-TKI	T061	C3899317
27578983	324	332	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27578983	347	354	treated	T033	C0332154
27578983	355	363	patients	T101	C0030705
27578983	369	404	squamous cell carcinoma of the lung	T191	C0149782
27578983	406	410	SCCL	T191	C0149782
27578983	418	437	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27578983	450	454	SCCL	T191	C0149782
27578983	455	463	patients	T101	C0030705
27578983	469	479	obtainable	T052	C1706701
27578983	480	491	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
27578983	492	498	tissue	T024	C0040300
27578983	503	510	records	T170	C0034869
27578983	514	532	EGFR-TKI treatment	T061	C3899317
27578983	533	541	response	T032	C0871261
27578983	546	554	survival	T052	C0038952
27578983	556	568	EGFR protein	T116,T192	C1739039
27578983	569	579	expression	T045	C1171362
27578983	583	594	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
27578983	595	601	tissue	T024	C0040300
27578983	606	614	measured	T080	C0444706
27578983	618	638	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27578983	655	663	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27578983	669	679	recognizes	T041	C0524637
27578983	684	697	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27578983	698	704	domain	T087	C1514562
27578983	706	708	ID	T087	C1514562
27578983	713	717	EGFR	T116,T192	C1739039
27578983	719	723	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
27578983	724	734	expression	T045	C1171362
27578983	738	749	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
27578983	750	756	tissue	T024	C0040300
27578983	766	775	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27578983	781	801	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27578983	803	828	PI3KCA gene amplification	T049	C3273085
27578983	833	841	detected	T033	C0442726
27578983	845	893	quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C3179034
27578983	899	918	FGFR1 amplification	T049	C1517090
27578983	923	931	assessed	T052	C1516048
27578983	935	968	fluorescent in situ hybridization	T063	C0162789
27578983	970	974	EGFR	T116,T192	C1739039
27578983	975	977	ID	T087	C1514562
27578983	978	988	expression	T045	C1171362
27578983	1027	1092	Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS)	T201	C1520224
27578983	1117	1130	significantly	T078	C0750502
27578983	1144	1155	progression	T191	C0178874
27578983	1158	1162	free	T169	C0332296
27578983	1163	1171	survival	T052	C0038952
27578983	1182	1201	EGFR-TKIs treatment	T061	C3899317
27578983	1203	1207	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
27578983	1208	1218	expression	T045	C1171362
27578983	1242	1255	significantly	T078	C0750502
27578983	1267	1274	overall	T080	C1561607
27578983	1275	1283	survival	T052	C0038952
27578983	1289	1294	group	T078	C0441833
27578983	1298	1302	EGFR	T116,T192	C1739039
27578983	1305	1313	positive	T033	C1446409
27578983	1317	1321	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
27578983	1324	1332	positive	T033	C1446409
27578983	1333	1341	patients	T101	C0030705
27578983	1347	1354	ECOG PS	T201	C1520224
27578983	1369	1393	better clinical outcomes	T033	C1333602
27578983	1399	1407	patients	T101	C0030705
27578983	1417	1421	EGFR	T116,T192	C1739039
27578983	1424	1432	negative	T033	C0205160
27578983	1437	1441	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
27578983	1444	1452	negative	T033	C0205160
27578983	1464	1468	poor	T080	C0542537
27578983	1469	1476	ECOG PS	T201	C1520224
27578983	1489	1495	median	T081	C0876920
27578983	1496	1507	progression	T191	C0178874
27578983	1510	1514	free	T169	C0332296
27578983	1515	1523	survival	T052	C0038952
27578983	1556	1563	overall	T080	C1561607
27578983	1564	1572	survival	T052	C0038952
27578983	1602	1606	EGFR	T116,T192	C1739039
27578983	1607	1617	expression	T045	C1171362
27578983	1627	1629	ID	T087	C1514562
27578983	1640	1648	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27578983	1653	1665	PTEN protein	T116,T126	C1430988
27578983	1666	1676	expression	T045	C1171362
27578983	1692	1700	identify	T080	C0205396
27578983	1701	1705	SCCL	T191	C0149782
27578983	1706	1714	patients	T101	C0030705
27578983	1725	1732	benefit	T081	C0086387
27578983	1738	1756	EGFR-TKI treatment	T061	C3899317

27579316|t|MicroRNA Expression Signature in Degenerative Aortic Stenosis
27579316|a|Degenerative aortic stenosis, characterized by narrowing of the exit of the left ventricle of the heart, has become the most common valvular heart disease in the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate the microRNA (miRNA) signature in degenerative AS. Through microarray analysis, we identified the miRNA expression signature in the tissue samples from healthy individuals (n = 4) and patients with degenerative AS (n = 4). Six miRNAs (hsa-miR-193a-3p, hsa-miR-29b-1-5p, hsa-miR-505-5p, hsa-miR-194-5p, hsa-miR-99b-3p, and hsa-miR-200b-3p) were overexpressed and 14 (hsa-miR-3663-3p, hsa-miR-513a-5p, hsa-miR-146b-5p, hsa-miR-1972, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-3138, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-630, hsa-miR-575, hsa-miR-301a-3p, hsa-miR-636, hsa-miR-34a-3p, hsa-miR-21-3p, and hsa-miR-516a-5p) were downregulated in aortic tissue from AS patients. GeneSpring 13.1 was used to identify potential human miRNA target genes by comparing a 3-way comparison of predictions from TargetScan, PITA, and microRNAorg databases. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed to identify potential pathways and functional annotations associated with AS. Twenty miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between patients with AS samples and normal controls and identified potential miRNA targets and molecular pathways associated with this morbidity. This study describes the miRNA expression signature in degenerative AS and provides an improved understanding of the molecular pathobiology of this disease.
27579316	0	8	MicroRNA	T028	C2825314
27579316	9	29	Expression Signature	T169	C1704864
27579316	33	61	Degenerative Aortic Stenosis	T047	C0003507
27579316	62	90	Degenerative aortic stenosis	T047	C0003507
27579316	92	105	characterized	T052	C1880022
27579316	109	118	narrowing	T190	C3854333
27579316	126	130	exit	T082	C0337094
27579316	138	152	left ventricle	T023	C0225897
27579316	160	165	heart	T023	C0018787
27579316	194	216	valvular heart disease	T047	C0018824
27579316	224	231	elderly	T098	C0001792
27579316	237	240	aim	T078	C1947946
27579316	249	254	study	T062	C2603343
27579316	262	273	investigate	T169	C1292732
27579316	278	286	microRNA	T028	C2825314
27579316	288	293	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27579316	295	304	signature	T169	C1704864
27579316	308	323	degenerative AS	T047	C0003507
27579316	333	352	microarray analysis	T059	C1449575
27579316	357	367	identified	T080	C0205396
27579316	372	377	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27579316	378	398	expression signature	T169	C1704864
27579316	406	412	tissue	T024	C0040300
27579316	413	420	samples	T167	C0370003
27579316	426	433	healthy	T080	C3898900
27579316	434	445	individuals	T098	C0237401
27579316	458	466	patients	T101	C0030705
27579316	472	487	degenerative AS	T047	C0003507
27579316	501	507	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
27579316	509	524	hsa-miR-193a-3p	T028	C1826007
27579316	526	542	hsa-miR-29b-1-5p	T028	C2825314
27579316	544	558	hsa-miR-505-5p	T028	C1826059
27579316	560	574	hsa-miR-194-5p	T028	C1537827
27579316	576	590	hsa-miR-99b-3p	T028	C2825314
27579316	596	611	hsa-miR-200b-3p	T028	C2825314
27579316	618	631	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
27579316	640	655	hsa-miR-3663-3p	T028	C3147923
27579316	657	672	hsa-miR-513a-5p	T028	C2825314
27579316	674	689	hsa-miR-146b-5p	T028	C2825314
27579316	691	703	hsa-miR-1972	T028	C2825314
27579316	705	716	hsa-miR-718	T028	C2829676
27579316	718	730	hsa-miR-3138	T028	C2829740
27579316	732	745	hsa-miR-21-5p	T028	C1537719
27579316	747	758	hsa-miR-630	T028	C1826209
27579316	760	771	hsa-miR-575	T028	C1826154
27579316	773	788	hsa-miR-301a-3p	T028	C1537865
27579316	790	801	hsa-miR-636	T028	C1826215
27579316	803	817	hsa-miR-34a-3p	T028	C2825314
27579316	819	832	hsa-miR-21-3p	T028	C1537719
27579316	838	853	hsa-miR-516a-5p	T028	C2825314
27579316	860	873	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27579316	877	883	aortic	T023	C0003483
27579316	884	890	tissue	T024	C0040300
27579316	896	898	AS	T047	C0003507
27579316	899	907	patients	T101	C0030705
27579316	909	924	GeneSpring 13.1	T170	C0242356
27579316	937	945	identify	T080	C0205396
27579316	946	955	potential	T080	C3245505
27579316	956	961	human	T016	C0086418
27579316	962	967	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27579316	968	974	target	T169	C1521840
27579316	975	980	genes	T028	C0017337
27579316	1016	1027	predictions	T078	C0681842
27579316	1033	1043	TargetScan	T170	C0242356
27579316	1045	1049	PITA	T170	C0242356
27579316	1055	1076	microRNAorg databases	T170	C0242356
27579316	1078	1091	Gene Ontology	T170	C1138831
27579316	1092	1096	(GO)	T170	C1138831
27579316	1101	1140	Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes	T170	C0242356
27579316	1141	1147	(KEGG)	T170	C0242356
27579316	1148	1156	analysis	T062	C0936012
27579316	1162	1171	performed	T169	C0884358
27579316	1175	1183	identify	T080	C0205396
27579316	1184	1193	potential	T080	C3245505
27579316	1194	1202	pathways	T044	C1704259
27579316	1207	1217	functional	T169	C0205245
27579316	1218	1229	annotations	T063	C2936606
27579316	1246	1248	AS	T047	C0003507
27579316	1257	1263	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
27579316	1298	1307	expressed	T045	C1515670
27579316	1316	1324	patients	T101	C0030705
27579316	1330	1332	AS	T047	C0003507
27579316	1333	1340	samples	T167	C0370003
27579316	1345	1351	normal	T080	C0205307
27579316	1352	1360	controls	T096	C0009932
27579316	1365	1375	identified	T080	C0205396
27579316	1376	1385	potential	T080	C3245505
27579316	1386	1391	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27579316	1392	1399	targets	T169	C1521840
27579316	1404	1422	molecular pathways	T044	C1704259
27579316	1444	1453	morbidity	T047	C1301700
27579316	1460	1465	study	T062	C2603343
27579316	1480	1485	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27579316	1486	1506	expression signature	T169	C1704864
27579316	1510	1525	degenerative AS	T047	C0003507
27579316	1542	1550	improved	T033	C0184511
27579316	1572	1594	molecular pathobiology	T091	C0026376
27579316	1603	1610	disease	T047	C0012634

27580090|t|Patterns of coronary plaque progression: phasic versus gradual. A combined optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound study
27580090|a|Some plaques grow slowly in a linear manner, whereas others undergo a rapid phasic progression. However, the detailed in-vivo relationship between plaque characteristics and plaque progression pattern has not been reported. The current study aimed to investigate the plaque progression patterns with serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) examinations, and to correlate baseline plaque characteristics assessed by optical coherence tomography and IVUS with plaque progression patterns. A total of 248 coronary lesions from 157 patients were identified and imaged by both optical coherence tomography and IVUS at baseline. IVUS examination was repeated at 6 and 12 months. Plaque progression was defined as greater than or equal to 5% increase in percent atheroma volume by IVUS. The progression patterns were divided into three groups: no progression, rapid phasic progression, and gradual progression. Among 248 lesions, 190 (77%) showed no progression. Among 58 lesions with progression, 20 (34%) showed gradual progression, whereas 38 (66%) showed rapid phasic progression. Multivariate analysis indicated that thin-cap fibroatheroma [odds ratio (OR)=5.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.04-13.4; P=0.001], microvessel (OR =2.20, 95% CI 1.10-4.79; P=0.045), and positive remodeling (OR =2.64, 95% CI 1.19-5.81; P=0.016) were associated independently with rapid phasic progression. Three-quarters of coronary plaques did not progress over time with contemporary medical treatment. Among the lesions with progression, one-third showed a gradual pattern and two-thirds showed a rapid phasic pattern. The presence of thin-cap fibroatheroma, microvessel, and positive remodeling were the independent predictors for rapid phasic pattern progression of coronary atherosclerotic plaques.
27580090	0	8	Patterns	T082	C0449774
27580090	12	20	coronary	T023	C0018787
27580090	21	27	plaque	T033	C0332461
27580090	28	39	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	41	47	phasic	T079	C0205390
27580090	55	62	gradual	T033	C1854645
27580090	75	103	optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
27580090	108	132	intravascular ultrasound	T060	C1456025
27580090	133	138	study	T062	C2603343
27580090	144	151	plaques	T033	C0332461
27580090	152	163	grow slowly	T033	C1854494
27580090	209	214	rapid	T080	C0456962
27580090	215	221	phasic	T079	C0205390
27580090	222	233	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	257	264	in-vivo	T082	C1515655
27580090	265	277	relationship	T080	C0439849
27580090	286	292	plaque	T033	C0332461
27580090	293	308	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27580090	313	319	plaque	T033	C0332461
27580090	320	331	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	332	339	pattern	T082	C0449774
27580090	375	380	study	T062	C2603343
27580090	390	401	investigate	T169	C1292732
27580090	406	412	plaque	T033	C0332461
27580090	413	424	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	425	433	patterns	T082	C0449774
27580090	446	470	intravascular ultrasound	T060	C1456025
27580090	472	476	IVUS	T060	C1456025
27580090	478	490	examinations	T060	C0086141
27580090	509	517	baseline	T081	C1442488
27580090	518	524	plaque	T033	C0332461
27580090	525	540	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27580090	553	581	optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
27580090	586	590	IVUS	T060	C1456025
27580090	596	602	plaque	T033	C0332461
27580090	603	614	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	615	623	patterns	T082	C0449774
27580090	640	648	coronary	T023	C0018787
27580090	649	656	lesions	T033	C0221198
27580090	666	674	patients	T101	C0030705
27580090	695	701	imaged	T060	C0011923
27580090	710	738	optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
27580090	743	747	IVUS	T060	C1456025
27580090	751	759	baseline	T081	C1442488
27580090	761	765	IVUS	T060	C1456025
27580090	766	777	examination	T060	C0086141
27580090	803	809	months	T079	C0439231
27580090	811	817	Plaque	T033	C0332461
27580090	818	829	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	893	901	atheroma	T046	C0264956
27580090	902	908	volume	T081	C0449468
27580090	912	916	IVUS	T060	C1456025
27580090	922	933	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	934	942	patterns	T082	C0449774
27580090	967	973	groups	T078	C0441833
27580090	975	989	no progression	T033	C0243095
27580090	991	996	rapid	T080	C0456962
27580090	997	1003	phasic	T079	C0205390
27580090	1004	1015	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	1021	1040	gradual progression	T033	C1854645
27580090	1052	1059	lesions	T033	C0221198
27580090	1078	1092	no progression	T033	C0243095
27580090	1103	1110	lesions	T033	C0221198
27580090	1116	1127	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	1145	1164	gradual progression	T033	C1854645
27580090	1190	1195	rapid	T080	C0456962
27580090	1196	1202	phasic	T079	C0205390
27580090	1203	1214	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	1216	1237	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27580090	1253	1275	thin-cap fibroatheroma	T020	C2936351
27580090	1277	1287	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27580090	1289	1291	OR	T081	C0028873
27580090	1303	1322	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27580090	1324	1326	CI	T081	C0009667
27580090	1349	1360	microvessel	T023	C2350570
27580090	1362	1364	OR	T081	C0028873
27580090	1376	1378	CI	T081	C0009667
27580090	1404	1423	positive remodeling	T046	C3854505
27580090	1425	1427	OR	T081	C0028873
27580090	1439	1441	CI	T081	C0009667
27580090	1467	1477	associated	T080	C0332281
27580090	1497	1502	rapid	T080	C0456962
27580090	1503	1509	phasic	T079	C0205390
27580090	1510	1521	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	1541	1549	coronary	T023	C0018787
27580090	1550	1557	plaques	T033	C0332461
27580090	1603	1610	medical	T169	C0205476
27580090	1611	1620	treatment	T061	C0087111
27580090	1632	1639	lesions	T033	C0221198
27580090	1645	1656	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	1677	1684	gradual	T033	C1854645
27580090	1685	1692	pattern	T082	C0449774
27580090	1717	1722	rapid	T080	C0456962
27580090	1723	1729	phasic	T079	C0205390
27580090	1730	1737	pattern	T082	C0449774
27580090	1755	1777	thin-cap fibroatheroma	T020	C2936351
27580090	1779	1790	microvessel	T023	C2350570
27580090	1796	1815	positive remodeling	T046	C3854505
27580090	1837	1847	predictors	T078	C2698872
27580090	1852	1857	rapid	T080	C0456962
27580090	1858	1864	phasic	T079	C0205390
27580090	1865	1872	pattern	T082	C0449774
27580090	1873	1884	progression	T169	C0449258
27580090	1888	1896	coronary	T023	C0018787
27580090	1897	1920	atherosclerotic plaques	T031	C2936350

27580517|t|Assessment of cerebral blood perfusion reserve with acetazolamide using 3D spiral ASL MRI: Preliminary experience in pediatric patients
27580517|a|To demonstrate the clinical feasibility of a new non-Cartesian cylindrically-distributed spiral 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequence in pediatric patients in quantifying cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to an acetazolamide (ACZ) vasodilator challenge. MRI exams were performed on two 3 Tesla Philips Ingenia systems using 32 channel head coil arrays. After local institutional review board approval, the 3D spiral-based pCASL technique was added to a standard brain MRI exam and evaluated in 13 pediatric patients (average age: 11.7±6.4years, range: 1.4-22.2years). All patients were administered ACZ for clinically indicated reasons. Quantitative whole-brain CBF measurements were computed pre - and post - ACZ to assess cerebrovascular reserve. 3D spiral pCASL data were successfully reconstructed in all 13 cases. In 11 patients, CBF increased 2.8% to 93.2% after administration of ACZ. In the two remaining patients, CBF decreased by 2.4 to 6.0% after ACZ. The group average change in CBF due to ACZ was approximately 25.0% and individual changes were statistically significant (p<0.01) in all patients using a paired t-test analysis. CBF perfusion data were diagnostically useful in supporting conventional MR angiography and clinical findings. 3D cylindrically-distributed spiral pCASL MRI provides a robust approach to assess cerebral blood flow and reserve in pediatric patients.
27580517	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27580517	14	22	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27580517	23	38	blood perfusion	T042	C0599705
27580517	52	65	acetazolamide	T109,T121	C0000981
27580517	72	89	3D spiral ASL MRI	T060	C3891302
27580517	117	126	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27580517	127	135	patients	T101	C0030705
27580517	155	175	clinical feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27580517	185	316	non-Cartesian cylindrically-distributed spiral 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	T060	C3891302
27580517	317	331	pulse sequence	T082	C3828438
27580517	335	344	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27580517	345	353	patients	T101	C0030705
27580517	357	368	quantifying	T081	C1709793
27580517	369	388	cerebral blood flow	T033	C0428714
27580517	390	393	CBF	T033	C0428714
27580517	410	441	acetazolamide (ACZ) vasodilator	T121	C0042402
27580517	453	462	MRI exams	T060	C0024485
27580517	485	550	3 Tesla Philips Ingenia systems using 32 channel head coil arrays	T073	C3273359
27580517	564	599	institutional review board approval	T170	C2346499
27580517	605	636	3D spiral-based pCASL technique	T060	C3891302
27580517	661	675	brain MRI exam	T060	C0412675
27580517	696	705	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27580517	706	714	patients	T101	C0030705
27580517	771	779	patients	T101	C0030705
27580517	785	797	administered	T058	C3469597
27580517	798	801	ACZ	T109,T121	C0000981
27580517	806	826	clinically indicated	T033	C2985739
27580517	849	877	whole-brain CBF measurements	T060	C0005776
27580517	892	895	pre	T079	C0332152
27580517	902	906	post	T079	C0687676
27580517	909	912	ACZ	T109,T121	C0000981
27580517	923	946	cerebrovascular reserve	T042	C0007818
27580517	948	963	3D spiral pCASL	T060	C3891302
27580517	964	968	data	T078	C1511726
27580517	1011	1016	cases	T062	C0150093
27580517	1024	1032	patients	T101	C0030705
27580517	1034	1037	CBF	T033	C0428714
27580517	1068	1085	administration of	T058	C3469597
27580517	1086	1089	ACZ	T109,T121	C0000981
27580517	1112	1120	patients	T101	C0030705
27580517	1122	1125	CBF	T033	C0428714
27580517	1157	1160	ACZ	T109,T121	C0000981
27580517	1190	1193	CBF	T033	C0428714
27580517	1201	1204	ACZ	T109,T121	C0000981
27580517	1257	1282	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27580517	1299	1307	patients	T101	C0030705
27580517	1323	1338	t-test analysis	T170	C0871472
27580517	1340	1343	CBF	T033	C0428714
27580517	1344	1353	perfusion	T042	C0599705
27580517	1413	1427	MR angiography	T060	C1636167
27580517	1432	1449	clinical findings	T170	C0455712
27580517	1451	1496	3D cylindrically-distributed spiral pCASL MRI	T060	C3891302
27580517	1527	1533	assess	T058	C0184514
27580517	1534	1553	cerebral blood flow	T033	C0428714
27580517	1569	1578	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27580517	1579	1587	patients	T101	C0030705

27580610|t|Prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Southwest China
27580610|a|Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have high risk for anxiety and depression. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of anxiety and depression in SLE patients in Southwest China. Participants were recruited by convenience sampling from Rheumatic Outpatient Clinic of West China Hospital Sichuan University between August and October 2014. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was evaluated using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Risk factors were explored by multiple logistic regression analyses. A total of 352 participants were enrolled, of who 64 (18.2 %) met the HADS criteria for anxiety and 82 (23.3 %) for depression. In multivariable analysis, higher levels of pain (OR = 1.17, P = 0.02) and fatigue (OR = 1.19, P < 0.01) predicted a higher risk of anxiety. Similarly, a higher level of fatigue (OR = 1.2, P < 0.01) was associated with a higher risk of depression. The results suggest that anxiety and depression are common in patients with SLE in Southwest China. Health care providers and SLE patients should take some measures to cope with them as early as possible. Strengthening management of pain and fatigue may be useful. But further studies are needed to verify these findings.
27580610	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27580610	15	27	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27580610	31	38	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27580610	43	53	depression	T048	C0011570
27580610	57	65	patients	T101	C0030705
27580610	71	99	systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
27580610	103	112	Southwest	T083	C0017446
27580610	113	118	China	T083	C0008115
27580610	119	147	Systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
27580610	149	152	SLE	T047	C0024141
27580610	154	162	patients	T101	C0030705
27580610	173	177	risk	T078	C0035647
27580610	182	189	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27580610	194	204	depression	T048	C0011570
27580610	218	229	investigate	T169	C1292732
27580610	234	244	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27580610	249	261	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27580610	265	272	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27580610	277	287	depression	T048	C0011570
27580610	291	294	SLE	T047	C0024141
27580610	295	303	patients	T101	C0030705
27580610	307	316	Southwest	T083	C0017446
27580610	317	322	China	T083	C0008115
27580610	324	336	Participants	T098	C0679646
27580610	367	375	sampling	T060	C0441621
27580610	381	408	Rheumatic Outpatient Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27580610	412	416	West	T083	C0017446
27580610	417	422	China	T083	C0008115
27580610	423	431	Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
27580610	432	450	Sichuan University	T073,T092	C0041740
27580610	488	498	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27580610	502	509	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27580610	514	524	depression	T048	C0011570
27580610	545	582	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale	T170	C0451221
27580610	584	588	HADS	T170	C0451221
27580610	591	603	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
27580610	630	658	logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
27580610	675	687	participants	T098	C0679646
27580610	730	734	HADS	T170	C0451221
27580610	748	755	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27580610	776	786	depression	T048	C0011570
27580610	791	813	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
27580610	822	836	levels of pain	T033	C0518087
27580610	863	870	fatigue	T033	C2586108
27580610	912	916	risk	T078	C0035647
27580610	920	927	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27580610	949	965	level of fatigue	T033	C2586108
27580610	991	1006	associated with	T080	C0332281
27580610	1016	1020	risk	T078	C0035647
27580610	1024	1034	depression	T048	C0011570
27580610	1061	1068	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27580610	1073	1083	depression	T048	C0011570
27580610	1098	1106	patients	T101	C0030705
27580610	1112	1115	SLE	T047	C0024141
27580610	1119	1128	Southwest	T083	C0017446
27580610	1129	1134	China	T083	C0008115
27580610	1136	1157	Health care providers	T097	C0018724
27580610	1162	1165	SLE	T047	C0024141
27580610	1166	1174	patients	T101	C0030705
27580610	1255	1265	management	T058	C0376636
27580610	1269	1273	pain	T184	C0030193
27580610	1278	1285	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27580610	1313	1320	studies	T062	C2603343
27580610	1348	1356	findings	T033	C0243095

27580729|t|Use of Six Sigma Methodology to Reduce Appointment Lead-Time in Obstetrics Outpatient Department
27580729|a|This paper focuses on the issue of longer appointment lead-time in the obstetrics outpatient department of a maternal-child hospital in Colombia. Because of extended appointment lead-time, women with high-risk pregnancy could develop severe complications in their health status and put their babies at risk. This problem was detected through a project selection process explained in this article and to solve it, Six Sigma methodology has been used. First, the process was defined through a SIPOC diagram to identify its input and output variables. Second, six sigma performance indicators were calculated to establish the process baseline. Then, a fishbone diagram was used to determine the possible causes of the problem. These causes were validated with the aid of correlation analysis and other statistical tools. Later, improvement strategies were designed to reduce appointment lead-time in this department. Project results evidenced that average appointment lead-time reduced from 6,89 days to 4,08 days and the deviation standard dropped from 1,57 days to 1,24 days. In this way, the hospital will serve pregnant women faster, which represents a risk reduction of perinatal and maternal mortality.
27580729	7	28	Six Sigma Methodology	T080	C4042770
27580729	32	38	Reduce	T080	C0392756
27580729	39	50	Appointment	T079	C0003629
27580729	51	60	Lead-Time	T079	C0040223
27580729	64	96	Obstetrics Outpatient Department	T093	C0028775
27580729	123	128	issue	T033	C0033213
27580729	139	150	appointment	T079	C0003629
27580729	151	160	lead-time	T079	C0040223
27580729	168	200	obstetrics outpatient department	T093	C0028775
27580729	206	229	maternal-child hospital	T093	C0024927
27580729	233	241	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27580729	254	262	extended	T169	C0231448
27580729	263	274	appointment	T079	C0003629
27580729	275	284	lead-time	T079	C0040223
27580729	286	291	women	T098	C0043210
27580729	297	316	high-risk pregnancy	T046	C0242786
27580729	338	351	complications	T046	C0009566
27580729	361	374	health status	T080	C0018759
27580729	389	395	babies	T100	C0021270
27580729	399	403	risk	T078	C0035647
27580729	410	417	problem	T033	C0033213
27580729	422	430	detected	T033	C0442726
27580729	441	448	project	T062	C0700032
27580729	449	458	selection	T052	C1707391
27580729	459	466	process	T067	C1522240
27580729	485	492	article	T170	C0282420
27580729	500	505	solve	T077	C2699488
27580729	510	531	Six Sigma methodology	T080	C4042770
27580729	541	545	used	T033	C1273517
27580729	558	565	process	T067	C1522240
27580729	588	601	SIPOC diagram	T170	C0681494
27580729	618	623	input	T077	C1708517
27580729	628	634	output	T077	C1709366
27580729	635	644	variables	T080	C0439828
27580729	654	663	six sigma	T080	C4042770
27580729	664	675	performance	T052	C1882330
27580729	676	686	indicators	T080	C0525060
27580729	692	702	calculated	T052	C1441506
27580729	706	715	establish	T080	C0443211
27580729	720	727	process	T067	C1522240
27580729	728	736	baseline	T081	C1442488
27580729	746	762	fishbone diagram	T170	C0681494
27580729	798	804	causes	T078	C0085978
27580729	812	819	problem	T033	C0033213
27580729	827	833	causes	T078	C0085978
27580729	839	848	validated	T062	C1519941
27580729	865	885	correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
27580729	896	913	statistical tools	T062	C1710191
27580729	922	933	improvement	T077	C2986411
27580729	950	958	designed	T052	C1707689
27580729	962	968	reduce	T080	C0392756
27580729	969	980	appointment	T079	C0003629
27580729	981	990	lead-time	T079	C0040223
27580729	999	1009	department	T093	C0028775
27580729	1011	1018	Project	T062	C0700032
27580729	1019	1026	results	T169	C1274040
27580729	1027	1036	evidenced	T078	C3887511
27580729	1050	1061	appointment	T079	C0003629
27580729	1062	1071	lead-time	T079	C0040223
27580729	1072	1079	reduced	T080	C0392756
27580729	1090	1094	days	T079	C0439228
27580729	1103	1107	days	T079	C0439228
27580729	1116	1134	deviation standard	T081	C0871420
27580729	1135	1142	dropped	T052	C1705648
27580729	1153	1157	days	T079	C0439228
27580729	1166	1170	days	T079	C0439228
27580729	1189	1197	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27580729	1209	1223	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27580729	1224	1230	faster	T080	C0456962
27580729	1238	1248	represents	T052	C1882932
27580729	1251	1265	risk reduction	T055	C1137094
27580729	1269	1278	perinatal	T033	C0701826
27580729	1283	1301	maternal mortality	T081	C0024923

27580908|t|Assessing the learning potential of an interactive digital game versus an interactive-style didactic lecture: the continued importance of didactic teaching in medical student education
27580908|a|Games with educational intent offer a possible advantage of being more interactive and increasing learner satisfaction. We conducted a two-armed experiment to evaluate student satisfaction and content mastery for an introductory pediatric radiology topic, taught by either an interactive digital game or with a traditional didactic lecture. Medical students participating in a fourth-year radiology elective were invited to participate. Student cohorts were alternatively given a faculty - supervised 1h session playing a simple interactive digital Tic-tac-toe quiz module on pediatric gastrointestinal radiology or a 1h didactic introductory lecture on the same topic. Survey questions assessed the learners' perceived ability to recall the material as well as their satisfaction with the educational experience. Results of an end-of-rotation exam were reviewed to evaluate a quantitative measure of learning between groups. Survey responses were analyzed with a chi-squared test. Exam results for both groups were analyzed with a paired Student's t-test. Students in the lecture group had higher test scores compared to students in the game group (4.0/5 versus 3.6/5, P = 0.045). Students in the lecture group reported greater understanding and recall of the material than students in the game group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). Students in the lecture group perceived the lecture to be more enjoyable and a better use of their time compared to those in the game group (P = 0.04 and P < 0.001, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference between the lecture and game group in ability to maintain interest (P = 0.187). In comparison to pre-survey results, there was a statistically significant decrease in interest for further digital interactive materials reported by students in the game group (P = 0.146). Our experience supported the use of a traditional lecture over a digital game module. While these results might be affected by the specific lecture and digital content in any given comparison, a digital module is not always the superior option.
27580908	0	9	Assessing	T058	C0184514
27580908	14	22	learning	T041	C0023185
27580908	23	32	potential	T080	C3245505
27580908	39	50	interactive	T065	C0815244
27580908	51	63	digital game	T073	C0870328
27580908	74	91	interactive-style	T065	C0815244
27580908	92	100	didactic	T080	C0205556
27580908	101	108	lecture	T170	C0376683
27580908	138	146	didactic	T080	C0205556
27580908	147	155	teaching	T065	C0039401
27580908	159	174	medical student	T097	C0038495
27580908	175	184	education	T065	C0013621
27580908	185	190	Games	T056	C0150593
27580908	196	207	educational	T065	C0013621
27580908	223	231	possible	T033	C0332149
27580908	256	267	interactive	T065	C0815244
27580908	272	282	increasing	T081	C0205217
27580908	283	290	learner	T098	C1257890
27580908	291	303	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27580908	320	340	two-armed experiment	T062	C0681814
27580908	344	352	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27580908	353	360	student	T098	C0038492
27580908	361	373	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27580908	378	385	content	T077	C0456205
27580908	386	393	mastery	T041	C0870851
27580908	414	433	pediatric radiology	T091	C1518934
27580908	434	439	topic	T170	C1555712
27580908	441	447	taught	T080	C0348054
27580908	461	472	interactive	T065	C0815244
27580908	473	485	digital game	T073	C0870328
27580908	496	507	traditional	T169	C0443324
27580908	508	516	didactic	T080	C0205556
27580908	517	524	lecture	T170	C0376683
27580908	526	542	Medical students	T097	C0038495
27580908	543	556	participating	T169	C0679823
27580908	574	583	radiology	T091	C0034599
27580908	584	592	elective	T079	C0439608
27580908	609	620	participate	T169	C0679823
27580908	622	629	Student	T098	C0038492
27580908	630	637	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27580908	643	656	alternatively	T077	C1523987
27580908	665	672	faculty	T097	C0015535
27580908	675	685	supervised	T065	C0039401
27580908	689	696	session	T077	C1883017
27580908	697	704	playing	T056	C0032214
27580908	714	725	interactive	T065	C0815244
27580908	726	733	digital	T080	C1883674
27580908	734	745	Tic-tac-toe	T056	C0150593
27580908	746	757	quiz module	T077	C1709061
27580908	761	797	pediatric gastrointestinal radiology	T060	C0203054
27580908	806	814	didactic	T080	C0205556
27580908	828	835	lecture	T170	C0376683
27580908	848	853	topic	T170	C1555712
27580908	855	861	Survey	T170	C0038951
27580908	862	871	questions	T170	C1522634
27580908	872	880	assessed	T052	C1516048
27580908	885	894	learners'	T098	C1257890
27580908	895	904	perceived	T041	C0030971
27580908	905	922	ability to recall	T201	C1718058
27580908	927	935	material	T167	C0520510
27580908	953	965	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27580908	975	986	educational	T065	C0013621
27580908	987	997	experience	T041	C0596545
27580908	1013	1028	end-of-rotation	T079	C1254367
27580908	1029	1033	exam	T169	C4284036
27580908	1039	1047	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27580908	1051	1059	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27580908	1062	1082	quantitative measure	T081	C0034384
27580908	1086	1094	learning	T041	C0023185
27580908	1103	1109	groups	T078	C0441833
27580908	1111	1117	Survey	T170	C0038951
27580908	1118	1127	responses	T041	C2911692
27580908	1133	1141	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27580908	1149	1165	chi-squared test	T170	C0008041
27580908	1167	1171	Exam	T169	C4284036
27580908	1189	1195	groups	T078	C0441833
27580908	1201	1209	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27580908	1224	1240	Student's t-test	T081,T170	C0871453
27580908	1242	1250	Students	T098	C0038492
27580908	1258	1265	lecture	T170	C0376683
27580908	1266	1271	group	T078	C0441833
27580908	1276	1282	higher	T080	C0205250
27580908	1283	1294	test scores	T080	C0237855
27580908	1295	1303	compared	T052	C1707455
27580908	1307	1315	students	T098	C0038492
27580908	1323	1327	game	T056	C0150593
27580908	1328	1333	group	T078	C0441833
27580908	1367	1375	Students	T098	C0038492
27580908	1383	1390	lecture	T170	C0376683
27580908	1391	1396	group	T078	C0441833
27580908	1397	1405	reported	T058	C0700287
27580908	1406	1413	greater	T081	C1704243
27580908	1414	1427	understanding	T041	C0162340
27580908	1432	1438	recall	T041	C0034770
27580908	1446	1454	material	T167	C0520510
27580908	1460	1468	students	T098	C0038492
27580908	1476	1480	game	T056	C0150593
27580908	1481	1486	group	T078	C0441833
27580908	1528	1536	Students	T098	C0038492
27580908	1544	1551	lecture	T170	C0376683
27580908	1552	1557	group	T078	C0441833
27580908	1558	1567	perceived	T041	C0030971
27580908	1572	1579	lecture	T170	C0376683
27580908	1591	1600	enjoyable	T033	C3843343
27580908	1627	1631	time	T079	C0040223
27580908	1632	1640	compared	T052	C1707455
27580908	1657	1661	game	T056	C0150593
27580908	1662	1667	group	T078	C0441833
27580908	1721	1746	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27580908	1747	1757	difference	T033	C3842396
27580908	1770	1777	lecture	T170	C0376683
27580908	1782	1786	game	T056	C0150593
27580908	1787	1792	group	T078	C0441833
27580908	1796	1803	ability	T032	C0085732
27580908	1816	1824	interest	T054	C0162400
27580908	1855	1865	pre-survey	T079	C1254367
27580908	1887	1912	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27580908	1913	1921	decrease	T081	C0547047
27580908	1925	1933	interest	T054	C0162400
27580908	1946	1953	digital	T080	C1883674
27580908	1954	1965	interactive	T065	C0815244
27580908	1966	1975	materials	T167	C0520510
27580908	1976	1984	reported	T058	C0700287
27580908	1988	1996	students	T098	C0038492
27580908	2004	2008	game	T056	C0150593
27580908	2009	2014	group	T078	C0441833
27580908	2032	2042	experience	T041	C0596545
27580908	2066	2077	traditional	T169	C0443324
27580908	2078	2085	lecture	T170	C0376683
27580908	2093	2105	digital game	T073	C0870328
27580908	2143	2151	affected	T169	C0392760
27580908	2159	2167	specific	T080	C0205369
27580908	2168	2175	lecture	T170	C0376683
27580908	2180	2187	digital	T080	C1883674
27580908	2188	2195	content	T077	C0456205
27580908	2209	2219	comparison	T052	C1707455
27580908	2223	2230	digital	T080	C1883674
27580908	2231	2237	module	T077	C1709061

27581456|t|Reassembly of Excitable Domains after CNS Axon Regeneration
27581456|a|Action potential initiation and propagation in myelinated axons require ion channel clustering at axon initial segments (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier. Disruption of these domains after injury impairs nervous system function. Traditionally, injured CNS axons are considered refractory to regeneration, but some recent approaches challenge this view by showing robust long-distance regeneration. However, whether these approaches allow remyelination and promote the reestablishment of AIS and nodes of Ranvier is unknown. Using mouse optic nerve crush as a model for CNS traumatic injury, we performed a detailed analysis of AIS and node disruption after nerve crush. We found significant disruption of AIS and loss of nodes within days of the crush, and complete loss of nodes 1 week after injury. Genetic deletion of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), coupled with stimulation of RGCs by inflammation and cAMP, dramatically enhanced regeneration. With this treatmen t, we found significant reestablishment of RGC AIS, remyelination, and even reassembly of nodes in regions proximal, within, and distal to the crush site. Remyelination began near the retina, progressed distally, and was confirmed by electron microscopy. Although axons grew rapidly, remyelination and nodal ion channel clustering was much slower. Finally, genetic deletion of ankyrinG from RGCs to block AIS reassembly did not affect axon regeneration, indicating that preservation of neuronal polarity is not required for axon regeneration. Together, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that regenerating CNS axons can be remyelinated and reassemble new AIS and nodes of Ranvier. We show, for the first time, that regenerated CNS axons have the capacity to both remyelinate and reassemble the axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier necessary for rapid and efficient action potential propagation.
27581456	0	31	Reassembly of Excitable Domains	T042	C1254358
27581456	38	41	CNS	T022	C3714787
27581456	42	59	Axon Regeneration	T042	C1621980
27581456	60	87	Action potential initiation	T043	C4236548
27581456	92	103	propagation	T043	C4236672
27581456	107	123	myelinated axons	UnknownType	C0682682
27581456	132	154	ion channel clustering	T043	C1660767
27581456	158	179	axon initial segments	T026	C1179989
27581456	180	184	(AIS	T026	C1179989
27581456	190	206	nodes of Ranvier	T030	C0034667
27581456	208	218	Disruption	T169	C0332453
27581456	242	248	injury	T037	C3263723
27581456	249	256	impairs	T169	C1883709
27581456	257	280	nervous system function	T042	C0027767
27581456	297	304	injured	T169	C0332664
27581456	305	308	CNS	T022	C3714787
27581456	309	314	axons	T026	C0004461
27581456	330	340	refractory	T040	C0034954
27581456	344	356	regeneration	T042	C1621980
27581456	416	422	robust	T080	C2986815
27581456	423	436	long-distance	T081	C0012751
27581456	437	449	regeneration	T042	C1621980
27581456	491	504	remyelination	T042	C0334220
27581456	521	536	reestablishment	T042	C1254358
27581456	540	543	AIS	T026	C1179989
27581456	548	564	nodes of Ranvier	T030	C0034667
27581456	568	575	unknown	T080	C0439673
27581456	583	588	mouse	T015	C0025929
27581456	589	600	optic nerve	T023	C0029130
27581456	601	606	crush	T037	C0332679
27581456	612	617	model	T050	C0012644
27581456	622	625	CNS	T022	C3714787
27581456	626	642	traumatic injury	T037	C3263723
27581456	668	676	analysis	T062	C0936012
27581456	680	683	AIS	T026	C1179989
27581456	688	692	node	T030	C0034667
27581456	693	703	disruption	T169	C0332453
27581456	710	721	nerve crush	T037	C0161479
27581456	744	754	disruption	T169	C0332453
27581456	758	761	AIS	T026	C1179989
27581456	766	770	loss	T081	C1517945
27581456	774	779	nodes	T030	C0034667
27581456	799	804	crush	T037	C0332679
27581456	819	823	loss	T081	C1517945
27581456	827	832	nodes	T030	C0034667
27581456	846	852	injury	T037	C3263723
27581456	854	870	Genetic deletion	T045	C0017260
27581456	878	925	tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog	T028	C0694888
27581456	927	931	Pten	T028	C0694888
27581456	936	958	retinal ganglion cells	T025	C0035316
27581456	960	964	RGCs	T025	C0035316
27581456	980	991	stimulation	T043	C0007613
27581456	995	999	RGCs	T025	C0035316
27581456	1003	1015	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27581456	1020	1024	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27581456	1048	1060	regeneration	T042	C1621980
27581456	1072	1080	treatmen	T062	C3161471
27581456	1105	1120	reestablishment	T042	C1254358
27581456	1124	1127	RGC	T025	C0035316
27581456	1128	1131	AIS	T026	C1179989
27581456	1133	1146	remyelination	T042	C0334220
27581456	1157	1167	reassembly	T042	C1254358
27581456	1171	1176	nodes	T030	C0034667
27581456	1180	1196	regions proximal	T082	C0205107
27581456	1198	1204	within	T082	C0332285
27581456	1210	1216	distal	T082	C0205108
27581456	1224	1229	crush	T037	C0332679
27581456	1230	1234	site	T029	C1515974
27581456	1236	1249	Remyelination	T042	C0334220
27581456	1256	1271	near the retina	T029	C0459620
27581456	1273	1283	progressed	T169	C1272688
27581456	1284	1292	distally	T082	C0205108
27581456	1315	1334	electron microscopy	T059	C0026019
27581456	1345	1350	axons	T026	C0004461
27581456	1351	1355	grew	T043	C0007595
27581456	1356	1363	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27581456	1365	1378	remyelination	T042	C0334220
27581456	1383	1411	nodal ion channel clustering	T043	C1660767
27581456	1421	1427	slower	T080	C0439834
27581456	1438	1454	genetic deletion	T045	C0017260
27581456	1458	1466	ankyrinG	T116,T123	C1384562
27581456	1472	1476	RGCs	T025	C0035316
27581456	1480	1485	block	T169	C0332206
27581456	1486	1489	AIS	T026	C1179989
27581456	1490	1500	reassembly	T042	C1254358
27581456	1516	1533	axon regeneration	T042	C1621980
27581456	1567	1584	neuronal polarity	T082	C0085304
27581456	1588	1600	not required	T033	C0243095
27581456	1605	1622	axon regeneration	T042	C1621980
27581456	1684	1696	regenerating	T042	C1621980
27581456	1697	1700	CNS	T022	C3714787
27581456	1701	1706	axons	T026	C0004461
27581456	1714	1726	remyelinated	T042	C0334220
27581456	1731	1741	reassemble	T042	C1254358
27581456	1746	1749	AIS	T026	C1179989
27581456	1754	1770	nodes of Ranvier	T030	C0034667
27581456	1806	1817	regenerated	T042	C1621980
27581456	1818	1821	CNS	T022	C3714787
27581456	1822	1827	axons	T026	C0004461
27581456	1837	1845	capacity	T081	C1516240
27581456	1854	1865	remyelinate	T042	C0334220
27581456	1870	1880	reassemble	T042	C1254358
27581456	1885	1906	axon initial segments	T026	C1179989
27581456	1911	1927	nodes of Ranvier	T030	C0034667
27581456	1942	1947	rapid	T080	C0456962
27581456	1952	1961	efficient	T080	C0442799
27581456	1962	1990	action potential propagation	T043	C4236672

27581464|t|Disulfiram and Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Upregulate miR-30a to Suppress IL-17-Associated Autoimmune Inflammation
27581464|a|T-helper 17 (Th17) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune demyelinating disease that affects the CNS. In the present study, MicroRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) was performed in mouse Th0 and Th17 cells to determine the critical miRNAs that are related to Th17 differentiation. We found that miR-30a was significantly downregulated during mouse Th17 differentiation. In addition, the level of miR-30a in CD4(+) T cells from peripheral blood of MS patients and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal models was also decreased and inversely correlated with the expression of interleukin 17a, the canonical cytokine of Th17 cells. Moreover, overexpression of miR-30a inhibited Th17 differentiation and prevented the full development of EAE, whereas interference of miR-30a promoted Th17 differentiation. Mechanism studies showed that miR-30a reduced IRF4 expression by specifically binding with the 3'-untranslated region. Through screening of 640 different Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, we found that disulfiram and diphenhydramine hydrochloride were effective candidates for inhibiting Th17 differentiation and ameliorating EAE development through upregulating miR-30a. To our knowledge, the present work is not only the first miRNA-seq study focusing on Th17 differentiation, but also the first chemical screening for FDA-approved drugs that inhibit Th17 differentiation through regulating miRNA expression. The present work is the first miRNA sequencing (miRNA-seq) study focusing on T-helper 17 (Th17) differentiation. By miRNA deep sequencing, we found that miR-30a was downregulated during Th17 differentiation. miR-30a was also decreased in CD4(+) T cells from multiple sclerosis patients and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice. miR-30a reduced IRF4 expression by specific binding with the 3'-untranslated region and thus suppressed Th17 differentiation and prevented the full development of EAE. Interestingly, by performing a chemical screen with Food and Drug Administration-approved small-molecule drugs, we found that disulfiram and diphenhydramine upregulated miR-30a and suppressed Th17 - associated autoimmune demyelination.
27581464	0	10	Disulfiram	T109,T121	C0012772
27581464	15	44	Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride	T109,T121	C0004963
27581464	45	55	Upregulate	T044	C0041904
27581464	56	63	miR-30a	T028	C1537736
27581464	67	75	Suppress	T169	C1260953
27581464	76	116	IL-17-Associated Autoimmune Inflammation	T047	C0004364
27581464	117	128	T-helper 17	T025	C2936411
27581464	129	141	(Th17) cells	T025	C2936411
27581464	150	159	important	T080	C3898777
27581464	172	184	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27581464	188	206	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27581464	208	210	MS	T047	C0026769
27581464	216	248	autoimmune demyelinating disease	T047	C3888521
27581464	254	261	affects	T169	C0392760
27581464	266	269	CNS	T022	C3714787
27581464	278	285	present	T033	C0150312
27581464	286	291	study	T062	C2603343
27581464	293	312	MicroRNA sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
27581464	314	323	miRNA-seq	T059,T063	C0917793
27581464	329	338	performed	T169	C0884358
27581464	342	347	mouse	T015	C1522424
27581464	348	351	Th0	T025	C3641721
27581464	356	366	Th17 cells	T025	C2936411
27581464	384	392	critical	T080	C1511545
27581464	393	399	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27581464	409	416	related	T080	C0439849
27581464	420	424	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	425	440	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27581464	456	463	miR-30a	T028	C1537736
27581464	482	495	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27581464	503	508	mouse	T015	C1522424
27581464	509	513	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	514	529	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27581464	548	553	level	T080	C0441889
27581464	557	564	miR-30a	T114	C2741800
27581464	568	582	CD4(+) T cells	T025	C0039215
27581464	588	604	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27581464	608	610	MS	T047	C0026769
27581464	611	619	patients	T101	C0030705
27581464	624	665	experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	T050	C0014072
27581464	667	670	EAE	T050	C0014072
27581464	672	685	animal models	T008	C0599779
27581464	695	704	decreased	T081	C0205216
27581464	709	729	inversely correlated	T080	C1707520
27581464	739	749	expression	T045	C0017262
27581464	753	768	interleukin 17a	T028	C1825592
27581464	774	792	canonical cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27581464	796	806	Th17 cells	T025	C2936411
27581464	818	832	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27581464	836	843	miR-30a	T114	C2741800
27581464	844	853	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27581464	854	858	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	859	874	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27581464	893	909	full development	T169	C1527148
27581464	913	916	EAE	T050	C0014072
27581464	942	949	miR-30a	T028	C1537736
27581464	950	958	promoted	T052	C0033414
27581464	959	963	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	964	979	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27581464	981	998	Mechanism studies	T062	C2603343
27581464	1011	1018	miR-30a	T114	C2741800
27581464	1019	1026	reduced	T080	C0392756
27581464	1027	1031	IRF4	T028	C0812314
27581464	1032	1042	expression	T045	C0017262
27581464	1059	1066	binding	T045	C1523647
27581464	1076	1098	3'-untranslated region	T086,T123	C0600600
27581464	1108	1117	screening	T058	C1710032
27581464	1125	1134	different	T080	C1705242
27581464	1135	1184	Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs	T121	C1254351
27581464	1200	1210	disulfiram	T109,T121	C0012772
27581464	1215	1244	diphenhydramine hydrochloride	T109,T121	C0004963
27581464	1250	1259	effective	T080	C1704419
27581464	1275	1285	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27581464	1286	1290	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	1291	1306	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27581464	1311	1323	ameliorating	T169	C0332303
27581464	1324	1327	EAE	T050	C0014072
27581464	1328	1339	development	T169	C1527148
27581464	1348	1360	upregulating	T044	C0041904
27581464	1361	1368	miR-30a	T028	C1537736
27581464	1392	1399	present	T033	C0150312
27581464	1400	1404	work	T057	C0043227
27581464	1427	1436	miRNA-seq	T059,T063	C0917793
27581464	1437	1442	study	T062	C2603343
27581464	1443	1451	focusing	T169	C1285542
27581464	1455	1459	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	1460	1475	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27581464	1496	1514	chemical screening	T059	C3495389
27581464	1519	1537	FDA-approved drugs	T121	C1254351
27581464	1543	1550	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27581464	1551	1555	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	1556	1571	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27581464	1580	1590	regulating	T044	C1148560
27581464	1591	1596	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27581464	1597	1607	expression	T045	C0017262
27581464	1613	1620	present	T033	C0150312
27581464	1621	1625	work	T057	C0043227
27581464	1639	1655	miRNA sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
27581464	1657	1666	miRNA-seq	T059,T063	C0917793
27581464	1668	1673	study	T062	C2603343
27581464	1686	1697	T-helper 17	T025	C2936411
27581464	1699	1703	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	1705	1720	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27581464	1725	1730	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27581464	1736	1746	sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
27581464	1751	1756	found	T033	C0243095
27581464	1762	1769	miR-30a	T028	C1537736
27581464	1774	1787	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27581464	1795	1799	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	1800	1815	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27581464	1817	1824	miR-30a	T114	C2741800
27581464	1834	1843	decreased	T081	C0205216
27581464	1847	1861	CD4(+) T cells	T025	C0039215
27581464	1867	1885	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27581464	1886	1894	patients	T101	C0030705
27581464	1899	1940	experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	T050	C0014072
27581464	1942	1945	EAE	T050	C0014072
27581464	1947	1951	mice	T015	C0025929
27581464	1953	1960	miR-30a	T114	C2741800
27581464	1961	1968	reduced	T080	C0392756
27581464	1969	1973	IRF4	T028	C0812314
27581464	1974	1984	expression	T045	C0017262
27581464	1988	2004	specific binding	T045	C1523647
27581464	2014	2036	3'-untranslated region	T086,T123	C0600600
27581464	2046	2056	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27581464	2057	2061	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	2062	2077	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27581464	2096	2112	full development	T169	C1527148
27581464	2116	2119	EAE	T050	C0014072
27581464	2139	2149	performing	T169	C0884358
27581464	2152	2167	chemical screen	T059	C3495389
27581464	2173	2231	Food and Drug Administration-approved small-molecule drugs	T121	C1254351
27581464	2247	2257	disulfiram	T109,T121	C0012772
27581464	2262	2277	diphenhydramine	T109,T121	C0012522
27581464	2278	2289	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27581464	2290	2297	miR-30a	T028	C1537736
27581464	2302	2312	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27581464	2313	2317	Th17	T025	C2936411
27581464	2320	2355	associated autoimmune demyelination	T047	C0004364

27582109|t|Modulation of gonadotrophin induced steroidogenic enzymes in granulosa cells by d-chiroinositol
27582109|a|d-chiroinositol (DCI) is a inositolphosphoglycan (IPG) involved in several cellular functions that control the glucose metabolism. DCI functions as second messenger in the insulin signaling pathway and it is considered an insulin sensitizer since deficiency in tissue availability of DCI were shown to cause insulin resistance (IR). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a pathological condition that is often accompanied with insulin resistance. DCI can positively affects several aspect of PCOS etiology decreasing the total and free testosterone, lowering blood pressure, improving the glucose metabolism and increasing the ovulation frequency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of DCI and insulin combined with gonadotrophins namely follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) on key steroidogenic enzymes genes regulation, cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P450scc) in primary cultures of human granulosa cells (hGCs). We also investigated whether DCI, being an insulin-sensitizer would be able to counteract the expected stimulator activity of insulin on human granulosa cells (hGCs). The study was conducted on primary cultures of hGCs. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR method. Statistical analysis was performed applying student t-test, as appropriate (P < 0.05) set for statistical significance. DCI is able to reduce the gene expression of CYP19A1, P450scc and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) in dose-response manner. The presence of DCI impaired the increased expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes generated by the insulin treatment in gonadotrophin - stimulated hGCs. Insulin acts as co-gonadotrophin increasing the expression of steroidogenic enzymes genes in gonadotrophin - stimulated granulosa cells. DCI is an insulin-sensitizer that counteracts this action by reducing the expression of the genes CYP19A1, P450scc and IGF-1R. The ability of DCI to modulate in vitro ovarian activity of insulin could in part explain its beneficial effect when used as treatment for conditions associated to insulin resistance.
27582109	0	10	Modulation	UnknownType	C0544633
27582109	14	27	gonadotrophin	T116,T121,T125	C0018061
27582109	36	49	steroidogenic	T044	C0597513
27582109	50	57	enzymes	T028	C1333402
27582109	61	76	granulosa cells	T025	C0018207
27582109	80	95	d-chiroinositol	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	96	111	d-chiroinositol	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	113	116	DCI	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	123	144	inositolphosphoglycan	T109,T121	C0063611
27582109	146	149	IPG	T109,T121	C0063611
27582109	171	189	cellular functions	T043	C0007613
27582109	207	225	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27582109	227	230	DCI	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	244	260	second messenger	T123	C1508748
27582109	268	293	insulin signaling pathway	T044	C1512804
27582109	318	336	insulin sensitizer	T121	C1254351
27582109	343	353	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27582109	357	363	tissue	T024	C0040300
27582109	380	383	DCI	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	404	422	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27582109	424	426	IR	T046	C0021655
27582109	429	454	Polycystic ovary syndrome	T047	C0032460
27582109	456	460	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27582109	467	489	pathological condition	T046	C0677042
27582109	521	539	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27582109	541	544	DCI	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	586	590	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27582109	591	599	etiology	T169	C1314792
27582109	615	642	total and free testosterone	T059	C2924561
27582109	644	667	lowering blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27582109	683	701	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27582109	721	730	ovulation	T042	C0029965
27582109	731	740	frequency	T079	C0439603
27582109	775	783	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27582109	788	798	effects of	T080	C1704420
27582109	799	802	DCI	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	807	814	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27582109	829	843	gonadotrophins	T116,T121,T125	C0018061
27582109	851	879	follicle-stimulating hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0016774
27582109	881	884	FSH	T116,T121,T125	C0016774
27582109	890	909	luteinizing hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
27582109	911	913	LH	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
27582109	922	935	steroidogenic	T044	C0597513
27582109	936	943	enzymes	T028	C1333402
27582109	944	960	genes regulation	T045	C0017263
27582109	962	1008	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	T028	C1366496
27582109	1010	1017	CYP19A1	T028	C1366496
27582109	1023	1058	cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage	T028	C1413855
27582109	1060	1067	P450scc	T028	C1413855
27582109	1072	1088	primary cultures	T059	C1449562
27582109	1092	1097	human	T016	C0086418
27582109	1098	1113	granulosa cells	T025	C0018207
27582109	1115	1119	hGCs	T025	C0018207
27582109	1130	1142	investigated	T169	C1292732
27582109	1151	1154	DCI	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	1165	1183	insulin-sensitizer	T121	C1254351
27582109	1225	1244	stimulator activity	T070	C1948023
27582109	1248	1255	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27582109	1259	1264	human	T016	C0086418
27582109	1265	1280	granulosa cells	T025	C0018207
27582109	1282	1286	hGCs	T025	C0018207
27582109	1316	1332	primary cultures	T059	C1449562
27582109	1336	1340	hGCs	T025	C0018207
27582109	1342	1357	Gene expression	T045	C0017262
27582109	1362	1371	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27582109	1375	1389	RT-qPCR method	T063	C1514628
27582109	1391	1411	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27582109	1435	1442	student	T098	C0038492
27582109	1443	1449	t-test	T170	C0871472
27582109	1485	1509	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
27582109	1511	1514	DCI	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	1537	1552	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27582109	1556	1563	CYP19A1	T028	C1366496
27582109	1565	1572	P450scc	T028	C1413855
27582109	1577	1614	insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor	T028	C1334088
27582109	1616	1622	IGF-1R	T028	C1334088
27582109	1627	1647	dose-response manner	T062	C4284887
27582109	1665	1668	DCI	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	1669	1677	impaired	T169	C0221099
27582109	1692	1702	expression	T045	C0017262
27582109	1706	1719	steroidogenic	T044	C0597513
27582109	1720	1732	enzyme genes	T028	C1333402
27582109	1750	1767	insulin treatment	T061	C0745343
27582109	1771	1784	gonadotrophin	T116,T121,T125	C0018061
27582109	1787	1797	stimulated	T070	C1948023
27582109	1798	1802	hGCs	T025	C0018207
27582109	1804	1811	Insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27582109	1820	1836	co-gonadotrophin	T116,T121,T125	C0018061
27582109	1852	1862	expression	T045	C0017262
27582109	1866	1879	steroidogenic	T044	C0597513
27582109	1880	1893	enzymes genes	T028	C1333402
27582109	1897	1910	gonadotrophin	T116,T121,T125	C0018061
27582109	1913	1923	stimulated	T070	C1948023
27582109	1924	1939	granulosa cells	T025	C0018207
27582109	1941	1944	DCI	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	1951	1969	insulin-sensitizer	T121	C1254351
27582109	2015	2038	expression of the genes	T045	C0017262
27582109	2039	2046	CYP19A1	T028	C1366496
27582109	2048	2055	P450scc	T028	C1413855
27582109	2060	2066	IGF-1R	T028	C1334088
27582109	2083	2086	DCI	T109,T121	C3872075
27582109	2099	2107	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27582109	2108	2115	ovarian	T023	C0205065
27582109	2128	2135	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27582109	2193	2202	treatment	T061	C0087111
27582109	2232	2250	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655

27582170|t|The fatter are happier in Indonesia
27582170|a|Although obesity and happiness are known to be negatively related in the developed world, little attention has been paid to this relationship in the developing world. We thus investigated the relationship in Indonesia and attempted to explain the underlying rationale. We considered about 12,000 respondents aged 15+ for each gender obtained from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 2007 by relating a measure of happiness to weight - related measures in ordered probit models. The relationship between obesity and happiness was positive in Indonesia, and this relationship was robust. Our evidence suggests that the contrasting results for the two worlds result from affordability of obesity. That is, while even low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals in the developed world can afford to be obese, only high SES individuals in the developing world can do. Our findings imply that obesity prevention in the developing world requires different measures than those used in the developed world.
27582170	4	10	fatter	T098	C3825277
27582170	15	22	happier	T041	C0018592
27582170	26	35	Indonesia	T083	C0021247
27582170	45	52	obesity	T047	C0028754
27582170	57	66	happiness	T041	C0018592
27582170	83	93	negatively	T033	C0205160
27582170	94	101	related	T080	C0439849
27582170	109	124	developed world	T080	C0282613
27582170	165	177	relationship	T080	C0439849
27582170	185	201	developing world	T080	C0011750
27582170	211	223	investigated	T169	C1292732
27582170	228	240	relationship	T080	C0439849
27582170	244	253	Indonesia	T083	C0021247
27582170	258	267	attempted	T051	C1516084
27582170	294	303	rationale	T078	C0392360
27582170	308	318	considered	T078	C0750591
27582170	332	343	respondents	T098	C0282122
27582170	344	348	aged	T032	C0001779
27582170	362	368	gender	T032	C0079399
27582170	387	416	Indonesian Family Life Survey	T062	C0015586
27582170	436	443	measure	T081	C0079809
27582170	447	456	happiness	T041	C0018592
27582170	460	466	weight	T032	C0005910
27582170	469	476	related	T080	C0439849
27582170	477	485	measures	T081	C0079809
27582170	489	510	ordered probit models	T081,T170	C0026348
27582170	516	528	relationship	T080	C0439849
27582170	537	544	obesity	T047	C0028754
27582170	549	558	happiness	T041	C0018592
27582170	563	571	positive	T033	C1446409
27582170	575	584	Indonesia	T083	C0021247
27582170	595	607	relationship	T080	C0439849
27582170	612	618	robust	T080	C2986815
27582170	633	641	suggests	T078	C1705535
27582170	663	670	results	T169	C1274040
27582170	683	689	worlds	UnknownType	C0681784
27582170	690	696	result	T169	C1274040
27582170	702	715	affordability	T081	C0814630
27582170	719	726	obesity	T047	C0028754
27582170	748	772	low socioeconomic status	T081	C1328812
27582170	774	777	SES	T080	C0086996
27582170	779	790	individuals	T098	C0027361
27582170	798	813	developed world	T080	C0282613
27582170	831	836	obese	T047	C0028754
27582170	843	847	high	T080	C0205250
27582170	848	851	SES	T080	C0086996
27582170	852	863	individuals	T098	C0027361
27582170	871	887	developing world	T080	C0011750
27582170	900	908	findings	T169	C2607943
27582170	920	927	obesity	T047	C0028754
27582170	928	938	prevention	T080	C2700409
27582170	946	962	developing world	T080	C0011750
27582170	972	981	different	T080	C1705242
27582170	982	990	measures	T081	C0079809
27582170	1014	1029	developed world	T080	C0282613

27582280|t|Live imaging of the genetically intractable obligate intracellular bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi using a panel of fluorescent dyes
27582280|a|Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of bacterial infection and pathogenesis are disproportionally derived from a small number of well-characterised species and strains. One reason for this is the enormous time and resources required to develop a new organism into experimental system that can be interrogated at the molecular level, in particular with regards to the development of genetic tools. Live cell imaging by fluorescence microscopy is a powerful technique to study biological processes such as bacterial motility, host cell invasion, and bacterial growth and division. In the absence of genetic tools that enable exogenous expression of fluorescent proteins, fluorescent chemical probes can be used to label and track living cells. A large number of fluorescent chemical probes are commercially available, but these have overwhelmingly been applied to the study of eukaryotic cell systems. Here, we present a methodical analysis of four different classes of probes, which can be used to delineate the cytoplasm, nucleic acids, cell membrane or peptidoglycan of living bacterial cells. We have tested these in the context of the important but neglected human pathogen Orientia tsutsugamushi but expect that the methodology would be broadly applicable to other bacterial species.
27582280	0	12	Live imaging	T060	C0011923
27582280	20	31	genetically	T063	C0017387
27582280	44	75	obligate intracellular bacteria	T007	C1532614
27582280	76	98	Orientia tsutsugamushi	T007	C0035589
27582280	107	115	panel of	T078	C0441833
27582280	116	132	fluorescent dyes	T130	C0016320
27582280	158	178	molecular mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27582280	182	201	bacterial infection	T047	C0004623
27582280	206	218	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27582280	223	240	disproportionally	T081	C0392762
27582280	272	290	well-characterised	T080	C0205556
27582280	291	298	species	T185	C1705920
27582280	303	310	strains	T001	C1518614
27582280	339	352	enormous time	T079	C0040223
27582280	357	366	resources	T078	C0035201
27582280	393	401	organism	T001	C0029235
27582280	407	426	experimental system	T062	C0015320
27582280	459	474	molecular level	T081	C0596958
27582280	525	532	genetic	T063	C0178659
27582280	533	538	tools	T073	C2827396
27582280	540	557	Live cell imaging	T060	C0011923
27582280	561	584	fluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
27582280	590	608	powerful technique	T169	C0449851
27582280	618	638	biological processes	T038	C3714634
27582280	647	665	bacterial motility	T040	C1510470
27582280	667	685	host cell invasion	T046	C1659441
27582280	691	707	bacterial growth	T034	C0427944
27582280	712	720	division	T043	C0007590
27582280	740	747	genetic	T063	C0178659
27582280	748	753	tools	T073	C2827396
27582280	766	786	exogenous expression	T045	C1171362
27582280	790	810	fluorescent proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27582280	812	839	fluorescent chemical probes	T130	C0016321
27582280	871	883	living cells	T025	C0007634
27582280	903	930	fluorescent chemical probes	T130	C0016321
27582280	1018	1041	eukaryotic cell systems	T025	C0015161
27582280	1062	1081	methodical analysis	T062	C0936012
27582280	1090	1117	different classes of probes	T130	C0026381
27582280	1154	1163	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27582280	1165	1178	nucleic acids	T114,T123	C0028606
27582280	1180	1193	cell membrane	T026	C3161472
27582280	1197	1210	peptidoglycan	T109,T123	C0030958
27582280	1214	1236	living bacterial cells	T007	C0563199
27582280	1305	1319	human pathogen	T001	C0450254
27582280	1320	1342	Orientia tsutsugamushi	T007	C0035589
27582280	1363	1374	methodology	T078	C3266812
27582280	1412	1429	bacterial species	T007	C0004611

27583127|t|Improved hematopoietic differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells via estrogen receptor signaling pathway
27583127|a|Aside from its importance in reproduction, estrogen (E2) is known to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in rodents. However, the regulatory role of E2 in human hematopoietic system has not been investigated. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of E2 on hematopoietic differentiation using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). E2 improved hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs via estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α)-dependent pathway. During hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs, ER-α is persistently maintained and hematopoietic phenotypes (CD34 and CD45) were exclusively detected in ER-α positive cells. Interestingly, continuous E2 signaling is required to promote hematopoietic output from hPSCs. Supplementation of E2 or an ER-α selective agonist significantly increased the number of hemangioblasts and hematopoietic progenitors, and subsequent erythropoiesis, whereas ER-β selective agonist did not. Furthermore, ICI 182,780 (ER antagonist) completely abrogated the E2 -induced hematopoietic augmentation. Not only from hPSCs but also from human umbilical cord bloods, does E2 signaling potentiate hematopoietic development, suggesting universal function of E2 on hematopoiesis. Our study identifies E2 as positive regulator of human hematopoiesis and suggests that endocrine factors such as E2 influence the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells in various physiological conditions.
27583127	0	8	Improved	T033	C0184511
27583127	9	38	hematopoietic differentiation	T043	C2262995
27583127	42	47	human	T016	C0086418
27583127	48	70	pluripotent stem cells	T025	C0872076
27583127	75	110	estrogen receptor signaling pathway	T044	C1155500
27583127	140	152	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27583127	154	162	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	164	166	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	180	188	regulate	T077	C1704735
27583127	193	206	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27583127	211	254	differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells	T043	C2262995
27583127	258	265	rodents	T015	C0035804
27583127	280	295	regulatory role	T077	C1704735
27583127	299	301	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	305	310	human	T016	C0086418
27583127	311	331	hematopoietic system	T022	C0018957
27583127	345	357	investigated	T169	C1292732
27583127	363	384	purpose of this study	UnknownType	C0681832
27583127	391	402	investigate	T169	C1292732
27583127	407	416	effect of	T080	C1704420
27583127	417	419	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	423	452	hematopoietic differentiation	T043	C2262995
27583127	459	487	human pluripotent stem cells	T025	C0872076
27583127	489	494	hPSCs	T025	C0872076
27583127	497	499	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	500	508	improved	T033	C0184511
27583127	509	538	hematopoietic differentiation	T043	C2262995
27583127	542	547	hPSCs	T025	C0872076
27583127	552	575	estrogen receptor alpha	T116,T192	C0665341
27583127	552	600	estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α)-dependent pathway	T044	C1155500
27583127	577	581	ER-α	T116,T192	C0665341
27583127	609	638	hematopoietic differentiation	T043	C2262995
27583127	642	647	hPSCs	T025	C0872076
27583127	649	653	ER-α	T116,T192	C0665341
27583127	670	680	maintained	T169	C1314677
27583127	685	698	hematopoietic	T169	C0229601
27583127	699	709	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27583127	711	715	CD34	T116,T129	C0054953
27583127	720	724	CD45	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
27583127	743	751	detected	T033	C0442726
27583127	755	774	ER-α positive cells	T025	C0007634
27583127	791	801	continuous	T078	C0549178
27583127	802	804	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	805	814	signaling	T044	C0037080
27583127	838	858	hematopoietic output	T169	C0229601
27583127	864	869	hPSCs	T025	C0872076
27583127	871	886	Supplementation	T061	C0087111
27583127	890	892	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	899	921	ER-α selective agonist	T121	C2987634
27583127	922	945	significantly increased	T033	C0243095
27583127	960	974	hemangioblasts	T025	C2350248
27583127	979	1004	hematopoietic progenitors	T025	C2350248
27583127	1021	1035	erythropoiesis	T042	C0014819
27583127	1045	1049	ER-β	T116,T192	C0529099
27583127	1045	1067	ER-β selective agonist	T121	C2987634
27583127	1090	1101	ICI 182,780	T109,T121	C1123005
27583127	1103	1116	ER antagonist	T121	C2267020
27583127	1118	1138	completely abrogated	T033	C0243095
27583127	1143	1145	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	1155	1168	hematopoietic	T169	C0229601
27583127	1169	1181	augmentation	T061	C1293122
27583127	1197	1202	hPSCs	T025	C0872076
27583127	1217	1222	human	T016	C0086418
27583127	1223	1244	umbilical cord bloods	T031	C0162371
27583127	1251	1253	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	1254	1263	signaling	T044	C0037080
27583127	1275	1300	hematopoietic development	T042	C2610238
27583127	1313	1331	universal function	T169	C0205245
27583127	1335	1337	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	1341	1354	hematopoiesis	T042	C0018951
27583127	1377	1379	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	1383	1401	positive regulator	T077	C1704735
27583127	1405	1410	human	T016	C0086418
27583127	1411	1424	hematopoiesis	T042	C0018951
27583127	1443	1460	endocrine factors	T169	C0521425
27583127	1469	1471	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27583127	1472	1481	influence	T077	C4054723
27583127	1498	1522	hematopoietic stem cells	T025	C0018956
27583127	1534	1558	physiological conditions	T039	C0031843

27583176|t|Predictors of 30- day mortality in patients with spontaneous primary intracerebral hemorrhage
27583176|a|Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a life threatening entity, and an early outcome assessment is mandatory for optimizing therapeutic efforts. We retrospectively analyzed data from 342 patients with spontaneous primary ICH to evaluate possible predictors of 30- day mortality considering clinical, radiological, and therapeutical parameters. We also applied three widely accepted outcome grading scoring systems [(ICH score, FUNC score and intracerebral hemorrhage grading scale (ICH-GS)] on our population to evaluate the correlation of these scores with the 30- day mortality in our study. We also applied three widely accepted outcome grading scoring systems [(ICH score, FUNC score and intracerebral hemorrhage grading scale (ICH-GS)] on our population to evaluate the correlation of these scores with the 30- day mortality in our study. From 342 patients (mean age: 67 years, mean Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] on admission: 9, mean ICH volume: 62.19 ml, most common hematoma location: basal ganglia [43.9%]), 102 received surgical and 240 conservative treatment. The 30- day mortality was 25.15%. In a multivariate analysis, GCS (Odds ratio [OR] =0.726, 95% confidence interval [CI] =0.661-0.796, P < 0.001), bleeding volume (OR = 1.012 per ml, 95% CI = 1.007 - 1.017, P < 0.001), and infratentorial hematoma location (OR = 5.381, 95% CI = 2.166-13.356, P = 0.009) were significant predictors for the 30- day mortality. After receiver operating characteristics analysis, we defined a " high-risk group " for an unfavorable short-term outcome with GCS <11 and ICH volume >32 ml supratentorially or 21 ml infratentorially. Using Pearson correlation, we found a correlation of 0.986 between ICH score and 30- day mortality (P < 0.001), 0.853 between FUNC score and 30- day mortality (P = 0.001), and 0.924 between ICH-GS and 30- day mortality (P = 0.001). GCS score on admission together with the baseline volume and localization of the hemorrhage are strong predictors for 30- day mortality in patients with spontaneous primary intracerebral hemorrhage, and by relying on them it is possible to identify high-risk patients with poor short-term outcome. The ICH score and the ICH-GS accurately predict the 30- day mortality.
27583176	0	10	Predictors	T078	C2698872
27583176	18	21	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	22	31	mortality	T081	C0205848
27583176	35	43	patients	T101	C0030705
27583176	49	60	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27583176	61	68	primary	T080	C0205225
27583176	69	93	intracerebral hemorrhage	T033	C2937358
27583176	94	118	Intracerebral hemorrhage	T033	C2937358
27583176	120	123	ICH	T033	C2937358
27583176	130	146	life threatening	T033	C2826244
27583176	162	186	early outcome assessment	T058	C0029909
27583176	215	234	therapeutic efforts	T061	C0087111
27583176	239	254	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27583176	255	263	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27583176	264	268	data	T078	C1511726
27583176	278	286	patients	T101	C0030705
27583176	292	303	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27583176	304	311	primary	T080	C0205225
27583176	312	315	ICH	T033	C2937358
27583176	337	347	predictors	T078	C2698872
27583176	355	358	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	359	368	mortality	T081	C0205848
27583176	381	389	clinical	T080	C0205210
27583176	391	403	radiological	T169	C0205483
27583176	409	422	therapeutical	T169	C0302350
27583176	423	433	parameters	T077	C0549193
27583176	473	504	outcome grading scoring systems	T170	C0282574
27583176	507	516	ICH score	T081	C0449820
27583176	518	528	FUNC score	T081	C0449820
27583176	533	571	intracerebral hemorrhage grading scale	T170	C0349674
27583176	573	579	ICH-GS	T170	C0349674
27583176	589	599	population	T098	C1257890
27583176	616	627	correlation	T080	C1707520
27583176	637	643	scores	T081	C0449820
27583176	657	660	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	661	670	mortality	T081	C0205848
27583176	678	683	study	T062	C2603343
27583176	723	754	outcome grading scoring systems	T170	C0282574
27583176	757	766	ICH score	T081	C0449820
27583176	768	778	FUNC score	T081	C0449820
27583176	783	821	intracerebral hemorrhage grading scale	T170	C0349674
27583176	823	829	ICH-GS	T170	C0349674
27583176	839	849	population	T098	C1257890
27583176	866	877	correlation	T080	C1707520
27583176	887	893	scores	T081	C0449820
27583176	907	910	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	911	920	mortality	T081	C0205848
27583176	928	933	study	T062	C2603343
27583176	944	952	patients	T101	C0030705
27583176	959	962	age	T032	C0001779
27583176	967	972	years	T079	C0439234
27583176	979	997	Glasgow Coma Scale	T170	C0017594
27583176	999	1002	GCS	T170	C0017594
27583176	1007	1016	admission	T058	C0184666
27583176	1026	1029	ICH	T033	C2937358
27583176	1030	1036	volume	T081	C0449468
27583176	1060	1068	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27583176	1069	1077	location	T029	C1515974
27583176	1079	1092	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
27583176	1116	1124	surgical	T061	C0543467
27583176	1133	1155	conservative treatment	T061	C0459914
27583176	1165	1168	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	1169	1178	mortality	T081	C0205848
27583176	1196	1217	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27583176	1219	1222	GCS	T170	C0017594
27583176	1224	1234	Odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27583176	1236	1238	OR	T081	C0028873
27583176	1252	1271	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27583176	1273	1275	CI	T081	C0009667
27583176	1303	1311	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27583176	1312	1318	volume	T081	C0449468
27583176	1320	1322	OR	T081	C0028873
27583176	1343	1345	CI	T081	C0009667
27583176	1379	1393	infratentorial	T082	C0441939
27583176	1394	1402	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27583176	1403	1411	location	T029	C1515974
27583176	1413	1415	OR	T081	C0028873
27583176	1429	1431	CI	T081	C0009667
27583176	1476	1486	predictors	T078	C2698872
27583176	1499	1502	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	1503	1512	mortality	T081	C0205848
27583176	1520	1554	receiver operating characteristics	T081	C0034772
27583176	1555	1563	analysis	T062	C0936012
27583176	1580	1595	high-risk group	T098	C0684030
27583176	1617	1627	short-term	T079	C0443303
27583176	1628	1635	outcome	T169	C1274040
27583176	1641	1644	GCS	T170	C0017594
27583176	1653	1656	ICH	T033	C2937358
27583176	1657	1663	volume	T081	C0449468
27583176	1671	1687	supratentorially	T082	C0441938
27583176	1697	1713	infratentorially	T082	C0441939
27583176	1721	1740	Pearson correlation	T170	C1709490
27583176	1753	1764	correlation	T080	C1707520
27583176	1782	1791	ICH score	T081	C0449820
27583176	1800	1803	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	1804	1813	mortality	T081	C0205848
27583176	1841	1851	FUNC score	T081	C0449820
27583176	1860	1863	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	1864	1873	mortality	T081	C0205848
27583176	1905	1911	ICH-GS	T170	C0349674
27583176	1920	1923	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	1924	1933	mortality	T081	C0205848
27583176	1947	1950	GCS	T170	C0017594
27583176	1951	1956	score	T081	C0449820
27583176	1960	1969	admission	T058	C0184666
27583176	1988	1996	baseline	T081	C1442488
27583176	1997	2003	volume	T081	C0449468
27583176	2008	2020	localization	T169	C0475264
27583176	2028	2038	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27583176	2050	2060	predictors	T078	C2698872
27583176	2069	2072	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	2073	2082	mortality	T081	C0205848
27583176	2086	2094	patients	T101	C0030705
27583176	2100	2111	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27583176	2112	2119	primary	T080	C0205225
27583176	2120	2144	intracerebral hemorrhage	T033	C2937358
27583176	2196	2205	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27583176	2206	2214	patients	T101	C0030705
27583176	2225	2235	short-term	T079	C0443303
27583176	2236	2243	outcome	T169	C1274040
27583176	2249	2258	ICH score	T081	C0449820
27583176	2267	2273	ICH-GS	T170	C0349674
27583176	2274	2284	accurately	T080	C0443131
27583176	2285	2292	predict	T078	C2698872
27583176	2301	2304	day	T079	C0439228
27583176	2305	2314	mortality	T081	C0205848

27583405|t|Establishment of a Flexible Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction -Based Platform for Detecting Prevalent Deafness Mutations Associated with Variable Degree of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Koreans
27583405|a|Many cutting-edge technologies based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) have been employed to identify candidate variants responsible for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, these methods have limitations preventing their wide clinical use for primary screening, in that they remain costly and it is not always suitable to analyze massive amounts of data. Several different DNA chips have been developed for screening prevalent mutations at a lower cost. However, most of these platforms do not offer the flexibility to add or remove target mutations, thereby limiting their wider use in a field that requires frequent updates. Therefore, we aimed to establish a simpler and more flexible molecular diagnostic platform based on ethnicity -specific mutation spectrums of SNHL, which would enable bypassing unnecessary filtering steps in a substantial portion of cases. In addition, we expanded the screening platform to cover varying degrees of SNHL. With this aim, we selected 11 variants of 5 genes (GJB2, SLC26A4, MTRNR1, TMPRSS3, and CDH23) showing high prevalence with varying degrees in Koreans and developed the U-TOP™ HL Genotyping Kit, a real-time PCR -based method using the MeltingArray technique and peptide nucleic acid probes. The results of 271 DNA samples with wild type sequences or mutations in homo- or heterozygote form were compared between the U-TOP™ HL Genotyping Kit and Sanger sequencing. The positive and negative predictive values were 100%, and this method showed perfect agreement with Sanger sequencing, with a Kappa value of 1.00. The U-TOP™ HL Genotyping Kit showed excellent performance in detecting varying degrees and phenotypes of SNHL mutations in both homozygote and heterozygote forms, which are highly prevalent in the Korean population. This platform will serve as a useful and cost-effective first-line screening tool for varying degrees of genetic SNHL and facilitate genome -based personalized hearing rehabilitation for the Korean population.
27583405	19	27	Flexible	T080	C0443220
27583405	28	63	Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction	T063	C1709846
27583405	71	79	Platform	T075	C1710360
27583405	84	93	Detecting	T033	C0442726
27583405	94	103	Prevalent	T081	C0220900
27583405	104	112	Deafness	T033	C0011053
27583405	113	122	Mutations	T045	C0026882
27583405	123	138	Associated with	T080	C0332281
27583405	139	147	Variable	T080	C0439828
27583405	148	154	Degree	T080	C0441889
27583405	158	184	Sensorineural Hearing Loss	T047	C0018784
27583405	188	195	Koreans	T098	C1556095
27583405	201	226	cutting-edge technologies	T063	C0814038
27583405	236	262	next-generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
27583405	264	267	NGS	T063	C2936622
27583405	291	299	identify	T033	C0243095
27583405	300	309	candidate	T098	C1257890
27583405	310	318	variants	T028	C0678941
27583405	335	361	sensorineural hearing loss	T047	C0018784
27583405	363	367	SNHL	T047	C0018784
27583405	385	392	methods	T169	C0449851
27583405	398	409	limitations	T169	C0449295
27583405	410	420	preventing	T169	C1292733
27583405	432	440	clinical	T080	C0205210
27583405	441	444	use	T169	C0457083
27583405	449	456	primary	T080	C0205225
27583405	457	466	screening	T058	C0220908
27583405	488	494	costly	T169	C0220812
27583405	528	535	analyze	T169	C1524024
27583405	536	551	massive amounts	T081	C1265611
27583405	555	559	data	T078	C1511726
27583405	579	588	DNA chips	T075	C0600596
27583405	613	622	screening	T058	C0220908
27583405	623	632	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27583405	633	642	mutations	T045	C0026882
27583405	654	658	cost	T081	C0010186
27583405	683	692	platforms	T075	C1710360
27583405	710	721	flexibility	T080	C0443220
27583405	725	728	add	T169	C1883712
27583405	732	738	remove	T052	C1883720
27583405	739	745	target	T169	C1521840
27583405	746	755	mutations	T045	C0026882
27583405	786	789	use	T169	C0457083
27583405	885	893	flexible	T080	C0443220
27583405	894	923	molecular diagnostic platform	T063	C0949688
27583405	933	942	ethnicity	T080	C0243103
27583405	953	961	mutation	T045	C0026882
27583405	962	971	spectrums	T080	C0205556
27583405	975	979	SNHL	T047	C0018784
27583405	1022	1037	filtering steps	T077	C1261552
27583405	1066	1071	cases	T077	C1706256
27583405	1102	1120	screening platform	T058	C0220908
27583405	1130	1137	varying	T080	C0439828
27583405	1138	1145	degrees	T080	C0441889
27583405	1149	1153	SNHL	T047	C0018784
27583405	1185	1193	variants	T028	C0678941
27583405	1199	1204	genes	T028	C0017337
27583405	1206	1210	GJB2	T028	C1415077
27583405	1212	1219	SLC26A4	T028	C1418445
27583405	1221	1227	MTRNR1	T028	C1537996
27583405	1229	1236	TMPRSS3	T028	C1420784
27583405	1242	1247	CDH23	T028	C1422171
27583405	1262	1272	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27583405	1278	1285	varying	T080	C0439828
27583405	1286	1293	degrees	T080	C0441889
27583405	1297	1304	Koreans	T098	C1556095
27583405	1323	1347	U-TOP™ HL Genotyping Kit	T074	C0812225
27583405	1351	1364	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27583405	1372	1378	method	T169	C0449851
27583405	1389	1411	MeltingArray technique	T062	C0035177
27583405	1416	1436	peptide nucleic acid	T114	C0600500
27583405	1437	1443	probes	T074	C0182400
27583405	1464	1475	DNA samples	T026	C0444245
27583405	1481	1490	wild type	T028	C1883559
27583405	1491	1500	sequences	T086	C0162326
27583405	1504	1513	mutations	T045	C0026882
27583405	1517	1522	homo-	T032	C0019904
27583405	1526	1543	heterozygote form	T032	C0019425
27583405	1570	1594	U-TOP™ HL Genotyping Kit	T074	C0812225
27583405	1599	1616	Sanger sequencing	T063	C1511897
27583405	1622	1630	positive	T033	C1446409
27583405	1635	1643	negative	T033	C0205160
27583405	1644	1661	predictive values	T081	C0032944
27583405	1682	1688	method	T169	C0449851
27583405	1719	1736	Sanger sequencing	T063	C1511897
27583405	1745	1750	Kappa	T170	C0439099
27583405	1751	1756	value	T081	C1522609
27583405	1770	1794	U-TOP™ HL Genotyping Kit	T074	C0812225
27583405	1827	1836	detecting	T033	C0442726
27583405	1837	1844	varying	T080	C0439828
27583405	1845	1852	degrees	T080	C0441889
27583405	1857	1867	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27583405	1871	1875	SNHL	T047	C0018784
27583405	1876	1885	mutations	T045	C0026882
27583405	1894	1904	homozygote	T032	C0019904
27583405	1909	1927	heterozygote forms	T032	C0019425
27583405	1946	1955	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27583405	1963	1980	Korean population	T098	C1556095
27583405	1987	1995	platform	T075	C1710360
27583405	2012	2018	useful	T169	C0457083
27583405	2023	2037	cost-effective	T169	C0220812
27583405	2038	2063	first-line screening tool	T170	C0282574
27583405	2068	2075	varying	T080	C0439828
27583405	2076	2083	degrees	T080	C0441889
27583405	2087	2094	genetic	T169	C0314603
27583405	2095	2099	SNHL	T047	C0018784
27583405	2115	2121	genome	T028	C0017428
27583405	2129	2164	personalized hearing rehabilitation	T058	C3489530
27583405	2173	2190	Korean population	T098	C1556095

27585079|t|Physical and virtual modelling of the head and neck for surgical simulation and training
27585079|a|Investigation and surgical manipulation of the larynx, pharynx, and oesophagus suffer from inherent challenges with access to the sites of interest. To reduce trauma and external scarring, visualization and minimally invasive interventions by the transnasal or transoral routes have become more prevalent. This article discusses engineering methods used to understand and overcome the mechanical constraints inside the airway and upper gastrointestinal tract, and examines the role that robotics and engineering are beginning to play in modelling of surgical interventions in this region. Although robotic solutions to minimally invasive surgery of the airway and upper gastrointestinal tract already exist, there is still scope for increasing the breadth of their use. Physical and virtual models of these organs are used to investigate the capability and limitations of manual and robotic surgical interventions in this region. Understanding the tissue mechanics and tool capabilities is central to improving outcomes in the clinical setting. Both physical and virtual modelling modalities are used in training surgeons for both manual - assisted and robot-assisted surgeries. Minimally invasive surgical interventions via the transnasal and the transoral route are strong candidates for overcoming access issues to the airway. They are likely to become more robotically driven as the demand for higher dexterity and accuracy increases for fine manipulation. Physical and virtual organ models are required to enable surgical training for these procedures.
27585079	0	8	Physical	T073,T170	C0887962
27585079	13	30	virtual modelling	T062	C0870071
27585079	38	42	head	T029	C0018670
27585079	47	51	neck	T029	C0027530
27585079	56	75	surgical simulation	T074	C4075558
27585079	80	88	training	T065	C0220931
27585079	89	102	Investigation	T058	C0220825
27585079	107	128	surgical manipulation	T061	C0185111
27585079	136	142	larynx	T023	C0023078
27585079	144	151	pharynx	T023	C0031354
27585079	157	167	oesophagus	T023	C0014876
27585079	219	224	sites	T029	C0005898
27585079	248	254	trauma	T037	C3714660
27585079	268	276	scarring	T046	C0008767
27585079	278	291	visualization	T169	C0234621
27585079	296	328	minimally invasive interventions	T169	C2711297
27585079	336	346	transnasal	T082	C3897344
27585079	350	359	transoral	T082	C0442366
27585079	360	366	routes	T082	C0449444
27585079	384	393	prevalent	T081	C0205214
27585079	400	407	article	T170	C1706852
27585079	418	437	engineering methods	T169	C0449851
27585079	474	484	mechanical	T070	C0376706
27585079	485	496	constraints	T169	C0443288
27585079	508	514	airway	T023	C0458827
27585079	519	547	upper gastrointestinal tract	T017	C3203348
27585079	576	584	robotics	T090	C0035785
27585079	589	600	engineering	T090	C0014279
27585079	626	635	modelling	T066	C0009609
27585079	639	661	surgical interventions	T061	C0543467
27585079	687	704	robotic solutions	T074	C0879117
27585079	708	734	minimally invasive surgery	T061	C0282624
27585079	742	748	airway	T023	C0458827
27585079	753	781	upper gastrointestinal tract	T017	C3203348
27585079	859	867	Physical	T073,T170	C0887962
27585079	872	886	virtual models	T075	C0026336
27585079	896	902	organs	T023	C0178784
27585079	915	926	investigate	T169	C1292732
27585079	946	957	limitations	T169	C0449295
27585079	961	967	manual	T169	C0175674
27585079	972	979	robotic	T074	C0879117
27585079	980	1002	surgical interventions	T061	C0543467
27585079	1037	1043	tissue	T024	C0040300
27585079	1044	1053	mechanics	T070	C0376706
27585079	1058	1062	tool	T073	C2827396
27585079	1063	1075	capabilities	T080	C2698977
27585079	1100	1108	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27585079	1116	1132	clinical setting	T082	C3176918
27585079	1139	1147	physical	T073,T170	C0887962
27585079	1152	1169	virtual modelling	T062	C0870071
27585079	1170	1180	modalities	T078	C0695347
27585079	1193	1201	training	T065	C0220931
27585079	1202	1210	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27585079	1220	1226	manual	T169	C0175674
27585079	1229	1237	assisted	T080	C1269765
27585079	1242	1266	robot-assisted surgeries	T061	C4038855
27585079	1268	1309	Minimally invasive surgical interventions	T061	C0282624
27585079	1318	1328	transnasal	T082	C3897344
27585079	1337	1346	transoral	T082	C0442366
27585079	1347	1352	route	T082	C0449444
27585079	1411	1417	airway	T023	C0458827
27585079	1450	1468	robotically driven	T033	C3844190
27585079	1494	1503	dexterity	T033	C0565699
27585079	1508	1516	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27585079	1536	1548	manipulation	T061	C0947647
27585079	1550	1558	Physical	T073,T170	C0887962
27585079	1563	1570	virtual	T060	C0935912
27585079	1571	1583	organ models	T062	C1518606
27585079	1607	1615	surgical	T061	C0543467
27585079	1616	1624	training	T065	C0220931
27585079	1635	1645	procedures	T169	C0025664

27585205|t|Evolution of Cardiac Biomodels from Computational to Therapeutics
27585205|a|Biomodeling the human anatomy in exact structure and size is an exciting field of medical science. Utilizing medical data from various medical imaging topography, the data of an anatomical structure can be extracted and converted into a three-dimensional virtual biomodel; thereafter a physical biomodel can be generated utilizing rapid prototyping machines. Here, we have reviewed the utilization of this technology and have provided some guidelines to develop biomodels of cardiac structures. Cardiac biomodels provide insights for cardiothoracic surgeons, cardiologists, and patients alike. Additionally, the technology may have future usability for tissue engineering, robotic surgery, or routine hospital usage as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Given the broad areas of application of cardiac biomodels, attention should be given to further research and development of their potential.
27585205	13	30	Cardiac Biomodels	T075	C0026339
27585205	36	49	Computational	T062	C1516769
27585205	53	65	Therapeutics	T061	C0087111
27585205	66	77	Biomodeling	T062	C0242481
27585205	82	95	human anatomy	T169	C0868920
27585205	99	104	exact	T080	C2828393
27585205	105	114	structure	T017	C0700276
27585205	119	123	size	T082	C0456389
27585205	139	163	field of medical science	T091	C0037778
27585205	175	187	medical data	T073,T170	C3826006
27585205	201	227	medical imaging topography	T060	C0430022
27585205	244	264	anatomical structure	T017	C0700276
27585205	303	337	three-dimensional virtual biomodel	T170	C0282574
27585205	352	360	physical	T169	C0205485
27585205	361	369	biomodel	T075	C0026339
27585205	387	396	utilizing	T169	C0457083
27585205	403	423	prototyping machines	T073	C0336779
27585205	439	447	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27585205	452	463	utilization	T169	C0457083
27585205	472	482	technology	T090	C0039421
27585205	506	516	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27585205	528	537	biomodels	T075	C0026339
27585205	541	559	cardiac structures	T023	C0018787
27585205	561	578	Cardiac biomodels	T075	C0026339
27585205	587	595	insights	T041	C0233820
27585205	600	623	cardiothoracic surgeons	T097	C0586887
27585205	625	638	cardiologists	T097	C0175906
27585205	644	652	patients	T101	C0030705
27585205	678	688	technology	T090	C0039421
27585205	705	714	usability	T169	C0457083
27585205	719	737	tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
27585205	739	754	robotic surgery	T061	C2349255
27585205	759	766	routine	T080	C0205547
27585205	767	775	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27585205	776	781	usage	T169	C0457083
27585205	787	818	diagnostic and therapeutic tool	T060	C0430022
27585205	823	846	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
27585205	848	851	CVD	T047	C0007222
27585205	894	911	cardiac biomodels	T075	C0026339
27585205	913	922	attention	T041	C0004268
27585205	950	974	research and development	T062	C0035170
27585205	984	993	potential	T080	C3245505

27585843|t|Radiation risk of breast screening in England with digital mammography
27585843|a|To estimate the risks and benefits of breast screening in terms of number of deaths due to radiation-induced cancers and the number of lives saved owing to modern screening in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) in England. Radiation risk model, patient dose data and data from national screening statistics were used to estimate the number of deaths due to radiation-induced breast cancers in the NHSBSP in England. Dose and dose effectiveness factors (DDREFs) equal to one and two were assumed. The breast cancer mortality reduction in the invited population due to screening and the percentage of females diagnosed with symptomatic breast cancer, who die from breast cancer, were collated from the literature. The number of lives saved owing to screening was calculated. Assuming, a total of 1,770,436 females between the ages of 50-70 years were screened each year, and a breast cancer mortality reduction of 20% due to screening in the invited population, the number of screen-detected cancers were 14,872 annually, resulting in 1071 lives saved. Conversely, for the same mortality reduction, the number of radiation-induced cancer s was 36 and 18 for DDREFs of 1 and 2, respectively. This resulted in seven and three deaths due to radiation-induced cancers annually for DDREFs of 1 and 2, respectively. The ratios of lives saved owing to screening to radiation-induced cancers were 30: 1 and 60: 1 for DDREFs of 1 and 2. The ratios of lives saved owing to screening to deaths due to radiation-induced cancer s were 156: 1 and 312: 1 for DDREFs of 1 and 2. For the 1.8% of the screening population with very thick breasts, the latter ratios decrease to 94: 1 and 187: 1 for DDREFs of 1 and 2. The breast cancer mortality reduction due to screening greatly outweighs the risk of death due to radiation-induced cancer s. Advances in knowledge: Estimation of the radiation risk for modern breast screening in England using digital mammography.
27585843	0	9	Radiation	T037	C0015333
27585843	10	14	risk	T058	C0086930
27585843	18	34	breast screening	T061	C0281182
27585843	38	45	England	T083	C0014282
27585843	51	70	digital mammography	T060	C0860950
27585843	74	82	estimate	T081	C0750572
27585843	87	92	risks	T058	C0086930
27585843	97	105	benefits	T081	C0814225
27585843	109	125	breast screening	T061	C0281182
27585843	138	154	number of deaths	T033	C0243095
27585843	155	161	due to	T169	C0678226
27585843	162	187	radiation-induced cancers	T191	C0751366
27585843	196	211	number of lives	T033	C0243095
27585843	227	243	modern screening	T058	C1710032
27585843	251	301	National Health Service Breast Screening Programme	T058	C1254363
27585843	303	309	NHSBSP	T058	C1254363
27585843	314	321	England	T083	C0014282
27585843	323	332	Radiation	T037	C0015333
27585843	333	343	risk model	T170	C1511297
27585843	338	343	model	T170	C0282574
27585843	345	362	patient dose data	T170	C0282574
27585843	367	406	data from national screening statistics	T170	C0282574
27585843	420	428	estimate	T081	C0750572
27585843	433	449	number of deaths	T033	C0243095
27585843	450	456	due to	T169	C0678226
27585843	457	489	radiation-induced breast cancers	T191	C0751366
27585843	497	503	NHSBSP	T058	C1254363
27585843	507	514	England	T083	C0014282
27585843	516	551	Dose and dose effectiveness factors	T061	C2169146
27585843	553	559	DDREFs	T061	C2169146
27585843	561	566	equal	T080	C0205163
27585843	587	594	assumed	T170	C3242379
27585843	600	613	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27585843	614	633	mortality reduction	T081	C0282251
27585843	641	659	invited population	T098	C1257890
27585843	660	666	due to	T169	C0678226
27585843	667	676	screening	T058	C1710032
27585843	685	695	percentage	T081	C0439165
27585843	699	706	females	T032	C0086287
27585843	707	716	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27585843	722	733	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27585843	734	747	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27585843	762	775	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27585843	800	810	literature	T170	C0023866
27585843	816	831	number of lives	T033	C0243095
27585843	847	856	screening	T058	C1710032
27585843	861	871	calculated	T052	C1441506
27585843	904	911	females	T032	C0086287
27585843	924	943	ages of 50-70 years	T033	C1860866
27585843	949	957	screened	T058	C1254363
27585843	975	988	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27585843	989	1008	mortality reduction	T081	C0282251
27585843	1023	1032	screening	T058	C1710032
27585843	1040	1058	invited population	T098	C1257890
27585843	1064	1097	number of screen-detected cancers	T033	C0243095
27585843	1120	1132	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27585843	1138	1149	lives saved	T033	C0243095
27585843	1176	1195	mortality reduction	T081	C0282251
27585843	1201	1237	number of radiation-induced cancer s	T033	C0243095
27585843	1211	1235	radiation-induced cancer	T191	C0751366
27585843	1211	1237	radiation-induced cancer s	T191	C0751366
27585843	1256	1262	DDREFs	T061	C2169146
27585843	1306	1311	seven	T081	C0392762
27585843	1316	1328	three deaths	T081	C0392762
27585843	1336	1361	radiation-induced cancers	T191	C0751366
27585843	1362	1370	annually	T079	C0332181
27585843	1375	1381	DDREFs	T061	C2169146
27585843	1412	1418	ratios	T081	C0456603
27585843	1443	1452	screening	T058	C1710032
27585843	1456	1481	radiation-induced cancers	T191	C0751366
27585843	1507	1513	DDREFs	T061	C2169146
27585843	1588	1612	radiation-induced cancer	T191	C0751366
27585843	1642	1648	DDREFs	T061	C2169146
27585843	1681	1701	screening population	T033	C1822510
27585843	1712	1717	thick	T080	C1280412
27585843	1718	1725	breasts	T023	C0006141
27585843	1738	1744	ratios	T081	C0456603
27585843	1745	1753	decrease	T081	C0547047
27585843	1778	1784	DDREFs	T061	C2169146
27585843	1801	1814	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27585843	1815	1834	mortality reduction	T081	C0282251
27585843	1835	1841	due to	T169	C0678226
27585843	1842	1851	screening	T058	C1710032
27585843	1852	1869	greatly outweighs	T033	C3840786
27585843	1874	1887	risk of death	T033	C0243095
27585843	1888	1894	due to	T169	C0678226
27585843	1895	1919	radiation-induced cancer	T191	C0751366
27585843	1946	1956	Estimation	T081	C0750572
27585843	1964	1973	radiation	T037	C0015333
27585843	1974	1978	risk	T058	C0086930
27585843	1983	2006	modern breast screening	T061	C0281182
27585843	2010	2017	England	T083	C0014282
27585843	2024	2043	digital mammography	T060	C0860950

27586108|t|Analysis of occupant kinematics and dynamics in nearside oblique impacts
27586108|a|The objective of this article is to analyze the kinematics and dynamics of restrained postmortem human surrogates (PMHS) exposed to a nearside oblique impact and the injuries that were found after the tests. Three male PMHS of similar age (64 ± 4 years) and anthropometry (weight: 61 ± 9.6 kg; stature: 172 ± 2.7 cm) were exposed to a 30° nearside oblique impact at 34 km/h. The test fixture approximated the seating position of a front seat occupant. A rigid seat was designed to match the pelvic displacement in a vehicle seat. Surrogates were restrained by a 3-point seat belt consisting of a 2 kN pretensioner (PT), 4.5 kN force-limiting shoulder belt, and a 3.5 kN PT lap belt. The shoulder belt PT was not fired in one of the tests. Trajectories of the head, shoulder, and hip joint (bilaterally) were recorded at 1,000 Hz by a 3D motion capture system. The 3D acceleration and angular rate of the head, T1, and pelvis, and the 3D acceleration of selected spinal locations was measured at 10,000 Hz. Seat belt load cells measured the belt tension at 4 locations. PMHS donation and handling were performed with the approval of the relevant regional ethics review board. Activation of the shoulder PT reduced substantially the peak forward excursion of the head but did not influence the lateral displacement of the head center of gravity (CG). In all 3 subjects, the lateral excursion of the head CG (291.1, 290, 292.1 mm) was greater than the forward displacement (271.4, 216.7, 171.5 mm). The hip joint excursion of the PMHS that was not exposed to the shoulder PT seat belt was twice the magnitude observed for the other 2 subjects. The 3 PMHS sustained clavicle fractures on the shoulder loaded by the seat belt and 2 of them were diagnosed atlantoaxial subluxation in the radiologist examination. Avulsion fractures of the right lamina of T1, T2, T3, and T4 were found when the PT was not used. The 3 PMHS received multiple fractures spread over both aspects of the rib cage and involving the posterior aspect of it. In this study of nearside oblique impact loading, the PMHS exhibited kinematics characterized by reduced torso pitching and increased lateral head excursion as compared to previous frontal impact results. These kinematics resulted in potential cervical and thoracic spinal injuries and in complete, displaced fractures of the lateral and posterior aspects of the rib cage. Though this is a limited number of subjects, it shows the necessity of further understanding of the kinematics of occupants exposed to this loading mode.
27586108	12	20	occupant	T098	C0450049
27586108	21	31	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27586108	36	44	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27586108	48	64	nearside oblique	T082	C0205315
27586108	65	72	impacts	T080	C4049986
27586108	121	131	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27586108	136	144	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27586108	159	169	postmortem	T060	C0004398
27586108	170	175	human	T016	C0086418
27586108	176	186	surrogates	T073	C3273359
27586108	188	192	PMHS	T073	C3273359
27586108	207	223	nearside oblique	T082	C0205315
27586108	224	230	impact	T080	C4049986
27586108	239	247	injuries	T037	C3263722
27586108	287	291	male	T032	C0086582
27586108	292	296	PMHS	T073	C3273359
27586108	308	311	age	T032	C0001779
27586108	331	344	anthropometry	T062	C0003188
27586108	346	352	weight	T032	C0005910
27586108	367	374	stature	T032	C0005890
27586108	412	428	nearside oblique	T082	C0205315
27586108	429	435	impact	T080	C4049986
27586108	482	489	seating	T073	C1283233
27586108	490	498	position	T082	C0733755
27586108	510	514	seat	T073	C0006939
27586108	515	523	occupant	T098	C0450049
27586108	527	537	rigid seat	T073	C1283233
27586108	564	570	pelvic	T023	C0030797
27586108	571	583	displacement	T067	C2347509
27586108	589	601	vehicle seat	T073	C0006939
27586108	603	613	Surrogates	T073	C3273359
27586108	635	652	3-point seat belt	T073	C0036498
27586108	669	686	2 kN pretensioner	T073	C0699733
27586108	688	690	PT	T073	C0699733
27586108	700	728	force-limiting shoulder belt	T073	C3846696
27586108	736	754	3.5 kN PT lap belt	T073	C0553557
27586108	760	773	shoulder belt	T073	C3846696
27586108	774	776	PT	T073	C0699733
27586108	832	836	head	T029	C0018670
27586108	838	846	shoulder	T029	C0037004
27586108	852	861	hip joint	T030	C0019558
27586108	863	874	bilaterally	T082	C0238767
27586108	907	909	3D	T082	C0450363
27586108	910	931	motion capture system	T073	C1738334
27586108	937	939	3D	T082	C0450363
27586108	940	952	acceleration	T067	C0000894
27586108	957	969	angular rate	UnknownType	C0683101
27586108	977	981	head	T029	C0018670
27586108	983	985	T1	T023	C0223215
27586108	991	997	pelvis	T023	C0030797
27586108	1007	1009	3D	T082	C0450363
27586108	1010	1022	acceleration	T067	C0000894
27586108	1035	1041	spinal	T082	C0521329
27586108	1042	1051	locations	T082	C0450429
27586108	1079	1088	Seat belt	T073	C0036498
27586108	1089	1099	load cells	T073	C0183210
27586108	1113	1117	belt	T073	C0036498
27586108	1118	1125	tension	UnknownType	C0678535
27586108	1131	1140	locations	T082	C0450429
27586108	1142	1146	PMHS	T073	C3273359
27586108	1218	1246	regional ethics review board	T097	C0086902
27586108	1266	1274	shoulder	T029	C0037004
27586108	1275	1277	PT	T073	C0699733
27586108	1309	1316	forward	T082	C0439780
27586108	1317	1326	excursion	T040	C0026649
27586108	1334	1338	head	T029	C0018670
27586108	1365	1385	lateral displacement	T169	C0333046
27586108	1393	1415	head center of gravity	T032	C0489450
27586108	1417	1419	CG	T032	C0489450
27586108	1453	1462	excursion	T040	C0026649
27586108	1470	1477	head CG	T032	C0489450
27586108	1522	1529	forward	T082	C0439780
27586108	1530	1542	displacement	T082	C0012727
27586108	1583	1592	excursion	T040	C0026649
27586108	1600	1604	PMHS	T073	C3273359
27586108	1633	1641	shoulder	T029	C0037004
27586108	1642	1644	PT	T073	C0699733
27586108	1645	1654	seat belt	T073	C0036498
27586108	1720	1724	PMHS	T073	C3273359
27586108	1735	1753	clavicle fractures	T037	C0159658
27586108	1761	1769	shoulder	T029	C0037004
27586108	1784	1793	seat belt	T073	C0036498
27586108	1823	1847	atlantoaxial subluxation	T037	C0263905
27586108	1855	1866	radiologist	T097	C0334907
27586108	1867	1878	examination	T058	C0582103
27586108	1880	1898	Avulsion fractures	T037	C0332758
27586108	1906	1924	right lamina of T1	T023	C0506000
27586108	1926	1928	T2	T023	C0506020
27586108	1930	1932	T3	T023	C0505973
27586108	1938	1940	T4	T023	C0505985
27586108	1961	1963	PT	T073	C0699733
27586108	1984	1988	PMHS	T073	C3273359
27586108	1998	2016	multiple fractures	T037	C0016655
27586108	2049	2057	rib cage	T023	C0222762
27586108	2117	2133	nearside oblique	T082	C0205315
27586108	2134	2140	impact	T080	C4049986
27586108	2154	2158	PMHS	T073	C3273359
27586108	2169	2179	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27586108	2205	2210	torso	T029	C0460005
27586108	2234	2241	lateral	T082	C0205093
27586108	2242	2246	head	T029	C0018670
27586108	2247	2256	excursion	T040	C0026649
27586108	2289	2295	impact	T080	C4049986
27586108	2311	2321	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27586108	2344	2352	cervical	T037	C0434178
27586108	2357	2381	thoracic spinal injuries	T037	C0840477
27586108	2409	2418	fractures	T037	C0016658
27586108	2463	2471	rib cage	T023	C0222762
27586108	2573	2583	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27586108	2587	2596	occupants	T098	C0450049

27587390|t|Amino Acids Regulate mTORC1 by an Obligate Two-step Mechanism
27587390|a|The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) coordinates cell growth with its nutritional, hormonal, energy, and stress status. Amino acids are critical regulators of mTORC1 that permit other inputs to mTORC1 activity. However, the roles of individual amino acids and their interactions in mTORC1 activation are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that activation of mTORC1 by amino acids includes two discrete and separable steps: priming and activation. Sensitizing mTORC1 activation by priming amino acids is a prerequisite for subsequent stimulation of mTORC1 by activating amino acids. Priming is achieved by a group of amino acids that includes l-asparagine, l-glutamine, l-threonine, l-arginine, l-glycine, l-proline, l-serine, l-alanine, and l-glutamic acid. The group of activating amino acids is dominated by l-leucine but also includes l-methionine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine. l-Cysteine predominantly inhibits priming but not the activating step. Priming and activating steps differ in their requirements for amino acid concentration and duration of treatment. Priming and activating amino acids use mechanisms that are distinct both from each other and from growth factor signaling. Neither step requires intact tuberous sclerosis complex of proteins to activate mTORC1. Concerted action of priming and activating amino acids is required to localize mTORC1 to lysosomes and achieve its activation.
27587390	0	11	Amino Acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	21	27	mTORC1	T116	C3888046
27587390	52	61	Mechanism	T169	C0441712
27587390	66	107	mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1	T116	C3888046
27587390	109	115	mTORC1	T116	C3888046
27587390	117	128	coordinates	T169	C0700114
27587390	129	140	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27587390	150	161	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27587390	163	171	hormonal	T080	C0458083
27587390	173	179	energy	T033	C0424589
27587390	185	191	stress	T046	C0449430
27587390	192	198	status	T080	C0449438
27587390	200	211	Amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	225	235	regulators	T077	C1704735
27587390	239	245	mTORC1	T116	C3888046
27587390	274	280	mTORC1	T116	C3888046
27587390	281	289	activity	T044	C1537044
27587390	324	335	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	346	358	interactions	T169	C1704675
27587390	362	368	mTORC1	T116	C3888046
27587390	369	379	activation	T045	C0599177
27587390	430	440	activation	T045	C0599177
27587390	444	450	mTORC1	T116	C3888046
27587390	454	465	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	502	507	steps	T077	C1261552
27587390	509	516	priming	T169	C0871133
27587390	521	531	activation	T045	C0599177
27587390	545	551	mTORC1	T116	C3888046
27587390	552	562	activation	T045	C0599177
27587390	566	573	priming	T169	C0871133
27587390	574	585	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	619	630	stimulation	T061	C1292856
27587390	634	640	mTORC1	T116	C3888046
27587390	644	654	activating	T045	C0599177
27587390	655	666	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	668	675	Priming	T169	C0871133
27587390	693	698	group	T078	C0441833
27587390	702	713	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	728	740	l-asparagine	T116,T123	C0003995
27587390	742	753	l-glutamine	T116,T121,T123	C0017797
27587390	755	766	l-threonine	T116,T121,T123	C0040005
27587390	768	778	l-arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27587390	780	789	l-glycine	T116,T121,T123	C0017890
27587390	791	800	l-proline	T116,T123	C0033382
27587390	802	810	l-serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27587390	812	821	l-alanine	T116,T123	C0001898
27587390	827	842	l-glutamic acid	T116,T121,T123	C0061472
27587390	848	853	group	T078	C0441833
27587390	857	867	activating	T045	C0599177
27587390	868	879	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	896	905	l-leucine	T116,T121,T123	C0023401
27587390	924	936	l-methionine	T116,T121,T123	C0025646
27587390	938	950	l-isoleucine	T116,T121,T123	C0022192
27587390	956	964	l-valine	T116,T123	C0042285
27587390	966	976	l-Cysteine	T116,T123	C0010654
27587390	991	999	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27587390	1000	1007	priming	T169	C0871133
27587390	1020	1030	activating	T045	C0599177
27587390	1031	1035	step	T077	C1261552
27587390	1037	1044	Priming	T169	C0871133
27587390	1049	1059	activating	T045	C0599177
27587390	1060	1065	steps	T077	C1261552
27587390	1082	1094	requirements	T169	C1514873
27587390	1099	1109	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	1110	1123	concentration	T081	C1446561
27587390	1128	1149	duration of treatment	T079	C0444921
27587390	1151	1158	Priming	T169	C0871133
27587390	1163	1173	activating	T045	C0599177
27587390	1174	1185	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	1190	1200	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27587390	1249	1262	growth factor	T116,T123	C0018284
27587390	1263	1272	signaling	T043	C0037083
27587390	1282	1286	step	T077	C1261552
27587390	1296	1302	intact	T080	C0205266
27587390	1303	1341	tuberous sclerosis complex of proteins	T026	C2247022
27587390	1345	1353	activate	T045	C0599177
27587390	1354	1360	mTORC1	T116	C3888046
27587390	1362	1378	Concerted action	T080	C1705294
27587390	1382	1389	priming	T169	C0871133
27587390	1382	1389	priming	T169	C0871133
27587390	1394	1404	activating	T045	C0599177
27587390	1405	1416	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27587390	1441	1447	mTORC1	T116	C3888046
27587390	1451	1460	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
27587390	1477	1487	activation	T045	C0599177

27587730|t|Gga-miR-21 inhibits chicken pre-adipocyte proliferation in part by down-regulating Kruppel-like factor 5
27587730|a|Gga-miR-21 is abundantly expressed in chicken pre-adipocytes, but its role is unclear. The present study investigated the role of gga-miR-21 in chicken pre-adipocyte proliferation. Cell proliferation assay and gene expression analysis of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) showed that the gga-miR-21 mimic inhibited pre-adipocyte proliferation. In contrast, the gga-miR-21 inhibitor enhanced pre-adipocyte proliferation. The subsequent investigation identified Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) mRNA as a target of gga-miR-21. The gga-miR-21 mimic inhibited KLF5 3(')UTR reporter activity and decreased endogenous KLF5 expression in primary pre-adipocytes. KLF5 knockdown using RNAi had a similar effect to that of the gga-miR-21 mimic on cell proliferation. The promoting effect of the gga-miR-21 inhibitor on pre-adipocyte proliferation was partially attenuated by KLF5 knockdown. Taken together, our results demonstrated that miR-21 inhibits chicken pre-adipocyte proliferation, at least in part, by targeting KLF5.
27587730	0	10	Gga-miR-21	T114,T123	C1101610
27587730	11	19	inhibits	T080	C0311403
27587730	20	27	chicken	T012	C0008051
27587730	28	41	pre-adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27587730	42	55	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27587730	67	82	down-regulating	T044	C0013081
27587730	83	104	Kruppel-like factor 5	T028	C1416661
27587730	105	115	Gga-miR-21	T114,T123	C1101610
27587730	130	139	expressed	T045	C0017262
27587730	143	150	chicken	T012	C0008051
27587730	151	165	pre-adipocytes	T025	C0206131
27587730	210	222	investigated	T169	C1292732
27587730	235	245	gga-miR-21	T114,T123	C1101610
27587730	249	256	chicken	T012	C0008051
27587730	257	270	pre-adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27587730	271	284	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27587730	286	310	Cell proliferation assay	T062	C3899698
27587730	315	339	gene expression analysis	T063	C1880945
27587730	343	377	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	T028	C1366837
27587730	379	383	PCNA	T028	C1366837
27587730	401	411	gga-miR-21	T114,T123	C1101610
27587730	412	417	mimic	T052	C0441655
27587730	418	427	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27587730	428	441	pre-adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27587730	442	455	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27587730	474	484	gga-miR-21	T114,T123	C1101610
27587730	485	494	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27587730	495	503	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27587730	504	517	pre-adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27587730	518	531	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27587730	548	561	investigation	T169	C1292732
27587730	573	594	Kruppel-like factor 5	T028	C1416661
27587730	596	600	KLF5	T028	C1416661
27587730	602	606	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27587730	612	618	target	T169	C1521840
27587730	622	632	gga-miR-21	T114,T123	C1101610
27587730	638	648	gga-miR-21	T114,T123	C1101610
27587730	649	654	mimic	T052	C0441655
27587730	655	664	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27587730	665	669	KLF5	T028	C1416661
27587730	670	677	3(')UTR	T086,T123	C0600600
27587730	678	686	reporter	T028	C0206414
27587730	687	695	activity	T052	C0441655
27587730	700	709	decreased	T081	C0205216
27587730	710	720	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27587730	721	725	KLF5	T028	C1416661
27587730	726	736	expression	T045	C0017262
27587730	740	747	primary	T080	C0205225
27587730	748	762	pre-adipocytes	T025	C0206131
27587730	764	768	KLF5	T028	C1416661
27587730	769	778	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27587730	785	789	RNAi	T045	C1136031
27587730	804	810	effect	T080	C1280500
27587730	826	836	gga-miR-21	T114,T123	C1101610
27587730	837	842	mimic	T052	C0441655
27587730	846	864	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27587730	870	879	promoting	T052	C0033414
27587730	880	886	effect	T080	C1280500
27587730	894	904	gga-miR-21	T114,T123	C1101610
27587730	905	914	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27587730	918	931	pre-adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27587730	932	945	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27587730	960	970	attenuated	T080	C0332161
27587730	974	978	KLF5	T028	C1416661
27587730	979	988	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27587730	1036	1042	miR-21	T114,T123	C1101610
27587730	1052	1059	chicken	T012	C0008051
27587730	1060	1073	pre-adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27587730	1074	1087	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27587730	1110	1119	targeting	T063	C0242613
27587730	1120	1124	KLF5	T028	C1416661

27588084|t|Successful treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for severe brain edema characterized by radiological appearance of pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage in a child
27588084|a|Pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage (PSAH) is a rare neuroradiological finding, particularly in pediatric patients. The appearance of PSAH is commonly associated with poor clinical outcome due to refractory cerebral edema. Recent clinical trials have favored hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as a promising therapeutic strategy for adult patients with severe head injuries. The present report describes a pediatric case of diffuse brain edema characterized by the radiological appearance of PSAH successfully treated with HBOT. An adolescent boy collapsed unconscious following convulsion for 3-5 min with fever and headache for 2 days. A brain computed tomography (CT) scan provided an image compatible with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Lumbar puncture was conducted on admission to hospital and showed no evidence of SAH. The CT scan was again considered and eventually interpreted as PSAH. The patient received drug treatment including acyclovir and mannitol, but the condition deteriorated rapidly. HBOT was administered at 72 h post admission and the condition was clearly improved following the initial therapy. The patient was discharged with 20 sessions of HBOT and recovered completely after 1 year. The appearance of PSAH indicates severe cerebral edema refractory to treatment with conventional internal medicine. HBOT maybe an effective therapeutic strategy for this condition.
27588084	0	20	Successful treatment	T201	C0521982
27588084	26	51	hyperbaric oxygen therapy	T061	C0020431
27588084	56	62	severe	T080	C0205082
27588084	63	74	brain edema	T046	C1527311
27588084	75	88	characterized	T052	C1880022
27588084	92	104	radiological	T091	C0039431
27588084	105	115	appearance	T080	C0700364
27588084	119	148	pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage	T047	C0038525
27588084	154	159	child	T100	C0008059
27588084	160	189	Pseudosubarachnoid hemorrhage	T047	C0038525
27588084	191	195	PSAH	T047	C0038525
27588084	202	206	rare	T080	C0522498
27588084	207	232	neuroradiological finding	T033	C0243095
27588084	250	259	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27588084	260	268	patients	T101	C0030705
27588084	274	284	appearance	T080	C0700364
27588084	288	292	PSAH	T047	C0038525
27588084	305	320	associated with	T080	C0332281
27588084	321	325	poor	T080	C2700379
27588084	326	342	clinical outcome	T033	C0243095
27588084	350	375	refractory cerebral edema	T046	C0006114
27588084	384	399	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27588084	413	438	hyperbaric oxygen therapy	T061	C0020431
27588084	440	444	HBOT	T061	C0020431
27588084	461	472	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27588084	473	481	strategy	T041	C0679199
27588084	486	500	adult patients	T101	C0030705
27588084	506	512	severe	T080	C0205082
27588084	513	526	head injuries	T037	C0018674
27588084	532	539	present	T033	C0150312
27588084	540	546	report	T170	C0684224
27588084	559	568	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27588084	569	573	case	T169	C0868928
27588084	577	584	diffuse	T082	C0205219
27588084	585	596	brain edema	T046	C1527311
27588084	597	610	characterized	T052	C1880022
27588084	618	630	radiological	T091	C0039431
27588084	631	641	appearance	T080	C0700364
27588084	645	649	PSAH	T047	C0038525
27588084	663	675	treated with	T061	C0332293
27588084	676	680	HBOT	T061	C0020431
27588084	685	699	adolescent boy	T100	C0001589
27588084	700	709	collapsed	T033	C0344329
27588084	710	721	unconscious	T033	C0041657
27588084	732	742	convulsion	T184	C4048158
27588084	747	754	3-5 min	T079	C1254367
27588084	760	765	fever	T184	C0015967
27588084	770	778	headache	T184	C0018681
27588084	783	789	2 days	T079	C1442455
27588084	793	828	brain computed tomography (CT) scan	T060	C3515741
27588084	841	846	image	T170	C1704922
27588084	847	857	compatible	T080	C1524057
27588084	863	886	subarachnoid hemorrhage	T047	C0038525
27588084	888	891	SAH	T047	C0038525
27588084	894	909	Lumbar puncture	T058	C0037943
27588084	927	948	admission to hospital	T058	C0184666
27588084	960	974	no evidence of	T080	C0332125
27588084	975	978	SAH	T047	C0038525
27588084	984	991	CT scan	T060	C3515741
27588084	1002	1012	considered	T078	C0750591
27588084	1028	1039	interpreted	T169	C1285553
27588084	1043	1047	PSAH	T047	C0038525
27588084	1053	1060	patient	T101	C0030705
27588084	1061	1069	received	T080	C1514756
27588084	1070	1084	drug treatment	T061	C0013216
27588084	1095	1104	acyclovir	T114,T121	C0001367
27588084	1109	1117	mannitol	T109,T121	C0024730
27588084	1127	1136	condition	T080	C0348080
27588084	1137	1149	deteriorated	T033	C1457868
27588084	1150	1157	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27588084	1159	1163	HBOT	T061	C0020431
27588084	1168	1180	administered	T169	C1521801
27588084	1184	1203	72 h post admission	T079	C1254367
27588084	1212	1221	condition	T080	C0348080
27588084	1234	1242	improved	T033	C0184511
27588084	1257	1264	initial	T079	C0205265
27588084	1265	1272	therapy	T061	C0013216
27588084	1278	1300	patient was discharged	T058	C0030685
27588084	1306	1317	20 sessions	T051	C1883016
27588084	1321	1325	HBOT	T061	C0020431
27588084	1330	1339	recovered	T080	C0521108
27588084	1340	1350	completely	T080	C0205197
27588084	1357	1363	1 year	T079	C1254367
27588084	1369	1379	appearance	T080	C0700364
27588084	1383	1387	PSAH	T047	C0038525
27588084	1398	1404	severe	T080	C0205082
27588084	1405	1430	cerebral edema refractory	T046	C0006114
27588084	1434	1443	treatment	T061	C0087111
27588084	1449	1479	conventional internal medicine	T091	C0021782
27588084	1481	1485	HBOT	T061	C0020431
27588084	1495	1504	effective	T080	C1704419
27588084	1505	1516	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27588084	1517	1525	strategy	T041	C0679199
27588084	1535	1544	condition	T080	C0348080

27588139|t|Clinicopathological relevance of kinesin family member 18A expression in invasive breast cancer
27588139|a|Recently, kinesin motor proteins have been focused on as targets for cancer therapy. Kinesins are microtubule -based motor proteins that mediate diverse functions within the cell, including the transport of vesicles, organelles, chromosomes and protein complexes, as well as the movement of microtubules. In the current study, the expression of kinesin family member 18A (KIF18A), a member of kinesin superfamily, was investigated in breast cancer using immunohistochemistry, and its effect on breast cancer prognosis was examined. KIF18A expression level was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.047). In patients with high levels of KIF18A expression, survival was significantly poorer compared to patients with low levels of KIF18A expression (disease-free survival, P=0.030). Multivariate analysis revealed that venous invasion (hazard ratio, 9.22; 95% confidence interval, 3.90-23.66; P<0.001) and KIF18A expression (hazard ratio, 3.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-6.09; P=0.010) were independent predictive factors for lymph node metastasis. KIF18A may be a useful predictive marker for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer, which could facilitate curative adjuvant treatment.
27588139	0	19	Clinicopathological	T091	C0030667
27588139	33	58	kinesin family member 18A	T116,T126	C1610793
27588139	59	69	expression	T045	C1171362
27588139	73	95	invasive breast cancer	T191	C0853879
27588139	106	113	kinesin	T116,T126	C0085139
27588139	114	128	motor proteins	T116,T123	C1720835
27588139	153	160	targets	T169	C1521840
27588139	165	179	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
27588139	181	189	Kinesins	T116,T126	C0085139
27588139	194	205	microtubule	T116,T123	C0026042
27588139	213	227	motor proteins	T116,T123	C1720835
27588139	241	258	diverse functions	T169	C0542341
27588139	270	274	cell	T025	C0007634
27588139	290	299	transport	T043	C0005528
27588139	303	311	vesicles	T026	C1622418
27588139	313	323	organelles	T026	C0029219
27588139	325	336	chromosomes	T026	C0008633
27588139	341	358	protein complexes	T116,T123	C1180347
27588139	375	399	movement of microtubules	T043	C1156033
27588139	427	437	expression	T045	C1171362
27588139	441	466	kinesin family member 18A	T116,T126	C1610793
27588139	468	474	KIF18A	T116,T126	C1610793
27588139	479	508	member of kinesin superfamily	T116,T126	C0085139
27588139	514	526	investigated	T169	C1292732
27588139	530	543	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27588139	550	570	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27588139	590	603	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27588139	628	634	KIF18A	T116,T126	C1610793
27588139	635	651	expression level	T081	C3244092
27588139	670	685	associated with	T080	C0332281
27588139	686	707	lymph node metastasis	T191	C0686619
27588139	722	730	patients	T101	C0030705
27588139	751	757	KIF18A	T116,T126	C1610793
27588139	758	768	expression	T045	C1171362
27588139	770	778	survival	T052	C0038952
27588139	816	824	patients	T101	C0030705
27588139	844	850	KIF18A	T116,T126	C1610793
27588139	851	861	expression	T045	C1171362
27588139	863	884	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
27588139	896	917	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27588139	932	947	venous invasion	T033	C1710625
27588139	949	961	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27588139	973	992	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27588139	1019	1025	KIF18A	T116,T126	C1610793
27588139	1026	1036	expression	T045	C1171362
27588139	1038	1050	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27588139	1062	1081	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27588139	1120	1138	predictive factors	T170	C0683956
27588139	1143	1164	lymph node metastasis	T191	C0686619
27588139	1166	1172	KIF18A	T116,T126	C1610793
27588139	1189	1199	predictive	T170	C0683956
27588139	1200	1206	marker	T201	C0005516
27588139	1211	1232	lymph node metastasis	T191	C0686619
27588139	1236	1249	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27588139	1274	1291	curative adjuvant	T033	C3846124
27588139	1292	1301	treatment	T061	C0087111

27588892|t|The resistance of sour orange to Citrus tristeza virus is mediated by both the salicylic acid and RNA silencing defence pathways
27588892|a|Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) induces in the field the decline and death of citrus varieties grafted on sour orange (SO) rootstock, which has forced the use of alternative decline - tolerant rootstocks in affected countries, despite the highly desirable agronomic features of the SO rootstock. Declining citrus plants display phloem necrosis below the bud union. In addition, SO is minimally susceptible to CTV compared with other citrus varieties, suggesting partial resistance of SO to CTV. Here, by silencing different citrus genes with a Citrus leaf blotch virus -based vector, we have examined the implication of the RNA silencing and salicylic acid (SA) defence pathways in the resistance of SO to CTV. Silencing of the genes RDR1, NPR1 and DCL2 / DCL4, associated with these defence pathways, enhanced virus spread and accumulation in SO plants in comparison with non-silenced controls, whereas silencing of the genes NPR3 / NPR4, associated with the hypersensitive response, produced a slight decrease in CTV accumulation and reduced stunting of SO grafted on CTV - infected rough lemon plants. We also found that the CTV RNA silencing suppressors p20 and p23 also suppress the SA signalling defence, with the suppressor activity being higher in the most virulent isolates.
27588892	4	14	resistance	T038	C0520989
27588892	18	29	sour orange	T002	C0330922
27588892	33	54	Citrus tristeza virus	T005	C1000289
27588892	79	93	salicylic acid	T109,T121	C0036079
27588892	98	111	RNA silencing	T045	C1136031
27588892	112	128	defence pathways	T042	C0520990
27588892	129	150	Citrus tristeza virus	T005	C1000289
27588892	152	155	CTV	T005	C1000289
27588892	157	164	induces	T169	C0205263
27588892	182	189	decline	T081	C0282251
27588892	194	199	death	T033	C1306577
27588892	203	219	citrus varieties	T002	C0008865
27588892	231	257	sour orange (SO) rootstock	T002	C0330922
27588892	299	306	decline	T081	C0282251
27588892	309	317	tolerant	T169	C0231198
27588892	318	328	rootstocks	T002	C0032098
27588892	332	340	affected	T169	C0392760
27588892	341	350	countries	T083	C0454664
27588892	381	399	agronomic features	T080	C2348519
27588892	407	419	SO rootstock	T002	C0330922
27588892	421	430	Declining	T080	C1511741
27588892	431	444	citrus plants	T002	C0008865
27588892	453	459	phloem	T002	C1720878
27588892	460	468	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27588892	479	482	bud	T002	C2700462
27588892	483	488	union	T082	C1254362
27588892	503	505	SO	T002	C0330922
27588892	509	518	minimally	T080	C0547040
27588892	519	530	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27588892	534	537	CTV	T005	C1000289
27588892	558	574	citrus varieties	T002	C0008865
27588892	587	594	partial	T081	C0728938
27588892	595	605	resistance	T038	C0520989
27588892	609	611	SO	T002	C0330922
27588892	615	618	CTV	T005	C1000289
27588892	629	638	silencing	T045	C0598496
27588892	649	655	citrus	T002	C0008865
27588892	656	661	genes	T028	C0162728
27588892	669	693	Citrus leaf blotch virus	T005	C1062312
27588892	688	707	virus -based vector	T121	C1520007
27588892	749	762	RNA silencing	T045	C1136031
27588892	767	781	salicylic acid	T109,T121	C0036079
27588892	783	785	SA	T109,T121	C0036079
27588892	787	803	defence pathways	T042	C0520990
27588892	811	821	resistance	T038	C0520989
27588892	825	827	SO	T002	C0330922
27588892	831	834	CTV	T005	C1000289
27588892	836	858	Silencing of the genes	T045	C0598496
27588892	859	863	RDR1	T028	C0017337
27588892	865	869	NPR1	T028	C1417810
27588892	874	878	DCL2	T028	C0017337
27588892	881	885	DCL4	T028	C0017337
27588892	887	902	associated with	T080	C0332281
27588892	909	925	defence pathways	T042	C0520990
27588892	927	935	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27588892	936	948	virus spread	T038	C3548854
27588892	953	965	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27588892	969	978	SO plants	T002	C0330922
27588892	982	992	comparison	T052	C1707455
27588892	998	1019	non-silenced controls	T096	C0009932
27588892	1029	1051	silencing of the genes	T045	C0598496
27588892	1052	1056	NPR3	T028	C1417811
27588892	1059	1063	NPR4	T028	C0017337
27588892	1065	1080	associated with	T080	C0332281
27588892	1085	1108	hypersensitive response	T038	C2265291
27588892	1128	1136	decrease	T080	C0392756
27588892	1140	1143	CTV	T005	C1000289
27588892	1144	1156	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27588892	1161	1168	reduced	T080	C0392756
27588892	1169	1177	stunting	T047	C1299591
27588892	1181	1183	SO	T002	C0330922
27588892	1184	1191	grafted	T169	C0700106
27588892	1195	1198	CTV	T005	C1000289
27588892	1201	1209	infected	T033	C0439663
27588892	1216	1228	lemon plants	T002	C0440283
27588892	1253	1256	CTV	T005	C1000289
27588892	1257	1270	RNA silencing	T045	C1136031
27588892	1271	1286	suppressors p20	T116,T123	C0042736
27588892	1291	1294	p23	T116,T123	C0042736
27588892	1300	1308	suppress	T169	C1260953
27588892	1313	1315	SA	T109,T121	C0036079
27588892	1316	1326	signalling	T038	C3537152
27588892	1327	1334	defence	T042	C0520990
27588892	1345	1355	suppressor	T121	C2954564
27588892	1356	1364	activity	T052	C0441655
27588892	1371	1377	higher	T080	C0205250
27588892	1390	1398	virulent	T080	C1520022
27588892	1399	1407	isolates	T123	C3494870

27588935|t|One-hour post-load hyperglycemia combined with HbA1c identifies pre-diabetic individuals with a higher cardio-metabolic risk burden
27588935|a|Evidence suggests that combining 1-hour plasma glucose ≥155 mg/dl during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) significantly increases their predictive power for incident diabetes, while their individual and joint associations with cardio-metabolic risk factors remain undefined. Herein, we evaluated whether 1-hour post-load plasma glucose ≥155 mg/dl combined with HbA1c may identify pre-diabetic individuals with a higher cardio-metabolic risk. Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics, insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion assessed by OGTT -derived indexes, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), pulse pressure, and rate pressure product were evaluated in 1495 individuals. As compared with subjects with 1-hour post-load glucose <155 mg/dl, individuals with 1-hour post-load glucose ≥155 mg/dl exhibited a significantly worse cardio metabolic profile, both in the group with HbA1c <5.7%, and in the group with prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7-6.4%). Specifically, in both groups, subjects with 1-hour post-load glucose ≥155 mg/dl had higher fasting and 2-h post-load glucose (p < 0.0001 for all in both group s), higher HOMA-IR (p < 0.0001 in both groups), and carotid IMT (p = 0.05 in the group with HbA1c <5.7% and p = 0.03 in the group HbA1c 5.7-6.4%), as well as lower Matsuda index, insulinogenic index and disposition index (p < 0.0001 in both groups), and lower insulin - stimulated glucose disposal (p < 0.0001 in the group with HbA1c <5.7% and p = 0.03 in the group HbA1c 5.7-6.4%). Hyperglycemia at 1-hour during an OGTT may be a useful tool to identify a subset of individuals within HbA1c -defined glycemic categories at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
27588935	0	18	One-hour post-load	T079	C1439504
27588935	19	32	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27588935	47	52	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	64	76	pre-diabetic	T079	C1254367
27588935	77	88	individuals	T098	C0237401
27588935	103	131	cardio-metabolic risk burden	T201	C2321263
27588935	165	186	1-hour plasma glucose	T201	C0797930
27588935	208	235	oral glucose tolerance test	T060	C0029161
27588935	237	241	OGTT	T060	C0029161
27588935	248	271	glycosylated hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	273	278	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	331	339	incident	T067	C1551358
27588935	340	348	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27588935	401	430	cardio-metabolic risk factors	T201	C2321263
27588935	460	469	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27588935	478	509	1-hour post-load plasma glucose	T201	C0797930
27588935	535	540	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	554	566	pre-diabetic	T079	C1254367
27588935	567	578	individuals	T098	C0237401
27588935	593	614	cardio-metabolic risk	T078	C0035647
27588935	616	630	Anthropometric	T060	C2459906
27588935	635	644	metabolic	T043	C1524026
27588935	645	660	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27588935	662	681	insulin sensitivity	T046	C0920563
27588935	686	703	insulin secretion	T043	C1256369
27588935	716	720	OGTT	T060	C0029161
27588935	730	737	indexes	T170	C0918012
27588935	739	769	carotid intima-media thickness	T201	C1960466
27588935	771	774	IMT	T201	C1960466
27588935	777	791	pulse pressure	T040	C0949236
27588935	797	810	rate pressure	T081	C1442094
27588935	824	833	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27588935	842	853	individuals	T098	C0237401
27588935	886	910	1-hour post-load glucose	T201	C0797930
27588935	923	934	individuals	T098	C0237401
27588935	940	964	1-hour post-load glucose	T201	C0797930
27588935	1008	1032	cardio metabolic profile	T039	C3853758
27588935	1046	1051	group	T098	C1257890
27588935	1057	1062	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	1081	1086	group	T098	C1257890
27588935	1092	1103	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
27588935	1105	1110	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	1144	1150	groups	T098	C1257890
27588935	1166	1190	1-hour post-load glucose	T201	C0797930
27588935	1206	1220	higher fasting	T034	C1261430
27588935	1225	1246	2-h post-load glucose	T034	C1318376
27588935	1275	1280	group	T098	C1257890
27588935	1292	1299	HOMA-IR	T059	C3639411
27588935	1320	1326	groups	T098	C1257890
27588935	1333	1344	carotid IMT	T201	C1960466
27588935	1362	1367	group	T098	C1257890
27588935	1373	1378	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	1405	1410	group	T098	C1257890
27588935	1411	1416	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	1445	1458	Matsuda index	T170	C0918012
27588935	1460	1479	insulinogenic index	T170	C0918012
27588935	1484	1501	disposition index	T170	C0918012
27588935	1522	1528	groups	T098	C1257890
27588935	1541	1548	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27588935	1551	1561	stimulated	T061	C1292856
27588935	1562	1569	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27588935	1598	1603	group	T098	C1257890
27588935	1609	1614	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	1641	1646	group	T098	C1257890
27588935	1647	1652	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	1664	1677	Hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27588935	1698	1702	OGTT	T060	C0029161
27588935	1719	1723	tool	T059	C0022885
27588935	1748	1759	individuals	T098	C0237401
27588935	1767	1772	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27588935	1782	1801	glycemic categories	T081	C1136206
27588935	1831	1846	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27588935	1851	1873	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222

27589009|t|The underlying inflammatory chronic disease influences infliximab pharmacokinetics
27589009|a|Infliximab is an anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody approved in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Infliximab pharmacokinetics is variable between patients, but influence of the underlying disease was never assessed. This study aimed at assessing this influence using a cohort of patients monitored in a single center and with the same assay. Infliximab trough concentrations were determined on samples collected between weeks 0 and 22 after treatment initiation in 218 patients treated for RA, PsA, AS, CD or UC. Infliximab pharmacokinetics was analyzed by a one-compartment population model with first-order elimination rate constant. In AS patients, volume of distribution (V) and elimination clearance (CL) were 5.4 L and 0.24 L/day, respectively. In CD and UC patients, V was 49% and 52% higher than in AS, respectively, and CL was 47% and 60% higher than in AS, respectively. In RA patients, CL was 49% higher than in AS patients. Simulations showed that without methotrexate, a 3 mg/kg dosing regimen would lead only 16% of RA patients to reach the target concentration (2.5 mg/L) at week 22, whereas target concentrations would be reached in approximately half of RA patients cotreated with methotrexate, as well as half of CD (3.5 mg/L) and UC (3.7 mg/L) patients. The suboptimality of approved dosing regimens supports the development of dosing optimization based on concentration measurements.
27589009	15	43	inflammatory chronic disease	T047	C1290886
27589009	44	54	influences	T077	C4054723
27589009	55	65	infliximab	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27589009	66	82	pharmacokinetics	T169	C0031328
27589009	83	93	Infliximab	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27589009	100	126	anti-tumor necrosis factor	T121	C1562242
27589009	127	146	monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
27589009	159	188	chronic inflammatory diseases	T047	C1290886
27589009	197	217	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27589009	219	221	RA	T047	C0003873
27589009	224	243	psoriatic arthritis	T047	C0003872
27589009	245	248	PsA	T047	C0003872
27589009	251	273	ankylosing spondylitis	T047	C0038013
27589009	275	277	AS	T047	C0038013
27589009	280	295	Crohn's disease	T047	C0010346
27589009	297	299	CD	T047	C0010346
27589009	305	323	ulcerative colitis	T047	C0009324
27589009	325	327	UC	T047	C0009324
27589009	330	340	Infliximab	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27589009	341	357	pharmacokinetics	T169	C0031328
27589009	378	386	patients	T101	C0030705
27589009	392	401	influence	T077	C4054723
27589009	409	427	underlying disease	T047	C0012634
27589009	438	446	assessed	T052	C1516048
27589009	483	492	influence	T077	C4054723
27589009	501	507	cohort	T098	C0599755
27589009	511	529	patients monitored	T058	C0030695
27589009	567	572	assay	T059	C1510438
27589009	574	584	Infliximab	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27589009	592	606	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27589009	612	622	determined	T080	C0521095
27589009	626	643	samples collected	T059	C0200345
27589009	673	682	treatment	T169	C1522326
27589009	683	693	initiation	T169	C1704686
27589009	701	709	patients	T101	C0030705
27589009	710	717	treated	T169	C1522326
27589009	722	724	RA	T047	C0003873
27589009	726	729	PsA	T047	C0003872
27589009	731	733	AS	T047	C0038013
27589009	735	737	CD	T047	C0010346
27589009	741	743	UC	T047	C0009324
27589009	745	755	Infliximab	T116,T121,T129	C0666743
27589009	756	772	pharmacokinetics	T169	C0031328
27589009	777	785	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27589009	807	817	population	T098	C1257890
27589009	841	852	elimination	T033	C2735304
27589009	853	866	rate constant	T081	C2986811
27589009	871	873	AS	T047	C0038013
27589009	874	882	patients	T101	C0030705
27589009	884	906	volume of distribution	T081	C0683148
27589009	908	909	V	T081	C0683148
27589009	915	926	elimination	T033	C2735304
27589009	927	936	clearance	T080	C0449297
27589009	938	940	CL	T080	C0449297
27589009	986	988	CD	T047	C0010346
27589009	993	995	UC	T047	C0009324
27589009	996	1004	patients	T101	C0030705
27589009	1039	1041	AS	T047	C0038013
27589009	1061	1063	CL	T080	C0449297
27589009	1095	1097	AS	T047	C0038013
27589009	1116	1118	RA	T047	C0003873
27589009	1119	1127	patients	T101	C0030705
27589009	1129	1131	CL	T080	C0449297
27589009	1155	1157	AS	T047	C0038013
27589009	1158	1166	patients	T101	C0030705
27589009	1168	1179	Simulations	T062	C0679083
27589009	1200	1212	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
27589009	1224	1230	dosing	T081	C0178602
27589009	1231	1238	regimen	T061	C0040808
27589009	1262	1264	RA	T047	C0003873
27589009	1265	1273	patients	T101	C0030705
27589009	1287	1293	target	T169	C1521840
27589009	1294	1307	concentration	T081	C1446561
27589009	1339	1345	target	T169	C1521840
27589009	1346	1360	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27589009	1381	1394	approximately	T080	C0332232
27589009	1403	1405	RA	T047	C0003873
27589009	1406	1414	patients	T101	C0030705
27589009	1415	1424	cotreated	T169	C1522326
27589009	1430	1442	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
27589009	1463	1465	CD	T047	C0010346
27589009	1481	1483	UC	T047	C0009324
27589009	1495	1503	patients	T101	C0030705
27589009	1535	1541	dosing	T081	C0178602
27589009	1542	1550	regimens	T061	C0040808
27589009	1564	1575	development	T169	C1527148
27589009	1579	1585	dosing	T081	C0178602
27589009	1586	1598	optimization	T052	C2698650
27589009	1608	1634	concentration measurements	T081	C1446561

27589720|t|Ruscogenin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia -Induced Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction by Suppressing TXNIP / NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and the MAPK Pathway
27589720|a|Ruscogenin, an important steroid sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicus, has been shown to inhibit cerebral ischemic injury. However, its potential molecular action on blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ruscogenin on BBB dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms in middle cerebral artery occlusion / reperfusion (MCAO / R)- injured mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation / reoxygenation (OGD / R)- injured mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells (bEnd.3). The results demonstrated that administration of ruscogenin (10 mg/kg) decreased the brain infarction and edema, improved neurological deficits, increased cerebral brain flow (CBF), ameliorated histopathological damage, reduced evans blue (EB) leakage and upregulated the expression of tight junctions (TJs) in MCAO / R - injured mice. Meanwhile, ruscogenin (0.1-10 µM) treatment increased cell viability and trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) value, decreased sodium fluorescein leakage, and modulated the TJs expression in OGD / R -induced bEnd.3 cells. Moreover, ruscogenin also inhibited the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and caspase-1, and markedly suppressed the expression of Nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and thiredoxin-interactive protein (TXNIP) in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, ruscogenin decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inhibited the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in OGD / R -induced bEnd.3 cells. Our findings provide some new insights into its potential application for the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke.
27589720	0	10	Ruscogenin	T109,T121,T123	C0073709
27589720	11	21	Attenuates	T052	C0599946
27589720	22	39	Cerebral Ischemia	T047	C0917798
27589720	49	68	Blood-Brain Barrier	T023	C0005854
27589720	69	80	Dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27589720	84	95	Suppressing	T169	C1260953
27589720	96	101	TXNIP	T116,T123	C1448239
27589720	104	133	NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation	T044	C3272080
27589720	142	154	MAPK Pathway	T043	C1518102
27589720	155	165	Ruscogenin	T109,T121,T123	C0073709
27589720	170	179	important	T080	C3898777
27589720	180	187	steroid	T109	C0038317
27589720	188	197	sapogenin	T109	C0072845
27589720	198	210	derived from	T078	C1550535
27589720	211	231	Ophiopogon japonicus	T002	C1046253
27589720	251	258	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27589720	259	283	cerebral ischemic injury	T037	C2945681
27589720	298	307	potential	T080	C3245505
27589720	308	324	molecular action	T044	C1148560
27589720	328	347	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
27589720	349	352	BBB	T023	C0005854
27589720	354	365	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27589720	372	378	stroke	T047	C0038454
27589720	387	394	unclear	T033	C3845108
27589720	401	406	study	T062	C2603343
27589720	407	412	aimed	T078	C1947946
27589720	416	427	investigate	T169	C1292732
27589720	432	439	effects	T080	C1280500
27589720	443	453	ruscogenin	T109,T121,T123	C0073709
27589720	457	460	BBB	T023	C0005854
27589720	461	472	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27589720	492	502	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27589720	506	538	middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
27589720	541	552	reperfusion	T037	C3854511
27589720	554	558	MCAO	T020	C0740391
27589720	561	562	R	T037	C3854511
27589720	565	572	injured	T169	C0332664
27589720	573	577	mice	T015	C0026809
27589720	582	608	oxygen-glucose deprivation	T039	C4236781
27589720	611	624	reoxygenation	T042	C0872293
27589720	626	629	OGD	T039	C4236781
27589720	632	633	R	T042	C0872293
27589720	636	643	injured	T169	C0332664
27589720	644	649	mouse	T015	C0026809
27589720	650	655	brain	T023	C0006104
27589720	656	669	microvascular	T169	C0443258
27589720	670	687	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27589720	689	695	bEnd.3	T025	C0225336
27589720	702	709	results	T169	C1274040
27589720	728	742	administration	T061	C1533734
27589720	746	756	ruscogenin	T109,T121,T123	C0073709
27589720	768	777	decreased	T081	C0205216
27589720	782	798	brain infarction	T047	C0751955
27589720	803	808	edema	T184	C0013604
27589720	810	818	improved	T033	C0184511
27589720	819	840	neurological deficits	T033	C0521654
27589720	842	851	increased	T169	C0442805
27589720	852	871	cerebral brain flow	T033	C0428714
27589720	873	876	CBF	T033	C0428714
27589720	879	890	ameliorated	T033	C0184511
27589720	891	908	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27589720	909	915	damage	T037	C0010957
27589720	917	924	reduced	T080	C0392756
27589720	925	935	evans blue	T109,T130	C0015205
27589720	937	939	EB	T109,T130	C0015205
27589720	941	948	leakage	T033	C4281748
27589720	953	964	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27589720	969	979	expression	T045	C1171362
27589720	983	998	tight junctions	T116,T123	C3494363
27589720	1000	1003	TJs	T116,T123	C3494363
27589720	1008	1012	MCAO	T020	C0740391
27589720	1015	1016	R	T037	C3854511
27589720	1019	1026	injured	T169	C0332664
27589720	1027	1031	mice	T015	C0026809
27589720	1044	1054	ruscogenin	T109,T121,T123	C0073709
27589720	1067	1076	treatment	T061	C0087111
27589720	1077	1086	increased	T169	C0442805
27589720	1087	1101	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27589720	1106	1145	trans-endothelial electrical resistance	T081	C1547024
27589720	1147	1151	TEER	T081	C1547024
27589720	1153	1158	value	T081	C1522609
27589720	1160	1169	decreased	T081	C0205216
27589720	1170	1188	sodium fluorescein	T109,T121,T130	C0147866
27589720	1189	1196	leakage	T033	C4281748
27589720	1202	1211	modulated	T082	C0443264
27589720	1216	1219	TJs	T116,T123	C3494363
27589720	1220	1230	expression	T045	C1171362
27589720	1234	1237	OGD	T039	C4236781
27589720	1240	1241	R	T042	C0872293
27589720	1251	1263	bEnd.3 cells	T025	C0225336
27589720	1275	1285	ruscogenin	T109,T121,T123	C0073709
27589720	1291	1300	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27589720	1305	1315	expression	T045	C1171362
27589720	1319	1333	interleukin-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27589720	1335	1340	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27589720	1346	1355	caspase-1	T116,T126	C0534519
27589720	1361	1369	markedly	T080	C0522501
27589720	1370	1380	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27589720	1385	1395	expression	T045	C1171362
27589720	1399	1478	Nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3	T116,T123	C4255055
27589720	1480	1485	NLRP3	T116,T123	C1528260
27589720	1491	1521	thiredoxin-interactive protein	T116,T123	C1448239
27589720	1523	1528	TXNIP	T116,T123	C1448239
27589720	1530	1537	in vivo	T062	C0681829
27589720	1542	1550	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27589720	1565	1575	ruscogenin	T109,T121,T123	C0073709
27589720	1576	1585	decreased	T081	C0205216
27589720	1586	1609	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27589720	1611	1614	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27589720	1616	1626	generation	T052	C3146294
27589720	1631	1640	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27589720	1645	1692	mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway	T043	C1518102
27589720	1696	1699	OGD	T039	C4236781
27589720	1702	1703	R	T042	C0872293
27589720	1713	1725	bEnd.3 cells	T025	C0225336
27589720	1731	1739	findings	T033	C0243095
27589720	1757	1765	insights	T041	C0233820
27589720	1775	1784	potential	T080	C3245505
27589720	1785	1796	application	T058	C0185125
27589720	1805	1815	prevention	T061	C0199176
27589720	1820	1829	treatment	T061	C0087111
27589720	1833	1848	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008

27590021|t|International validation of a urinary biomarker panel for identification of active lupus nephritis in children
27590021|a|Conventional markers of juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) disease activity fail to adequately identify lupus nephritis (LN). While individual novel urine biomarkers are good at detecting LN flares, biomarker panels may improve diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of a biomarker panel to identify active LN in two international JSLE cohorts. Novel urinary biomarkers, namely vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), lipocalin-like prostaglandin D synthase (LPGDS), transferrin (TF), ceruloplasmin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), were quantified in a cross-sectional study that included participants of the UK JSLE Cohort Study (Cohort 1) and validated within the Einstein Lupus Cohort (Cohort 2). Binary logistic regression modelling and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis [area under the curve (AUC)] were used to identify and assess combinations of biomarkers for diagnostic accuracy. A total of 91 JSLE patients were recruited across both cohorts, of whom 31 (34 %) had active LN and 60 (66 %) had no LN. Urinary AGP, ceruloplasmin, VCAM-1, MCP-1 and LPGDS levels were significantly higher in those patients with active LN than in non - LN patients [all corrected p values (p c) < 0.05] across both cohorts. Urinary TF also differed between patient groups in Cohort 2 (p c = 0.001). Within Cohort 1, the optimal biomarker panel included AGP, ceruloplasmin, LPGDS and TF (AUC 0.920 for active LN identification). These results were validated in Cohort 2, with the same markers resulting in the optimal urine biomarker panel (AUC 0.991). In two international JSLE cohorts, urinary AGP, ceruloplasmin, LPGDS and TF demonstrate an 'excellent' ability for accurately identifying active LN in children.
27590021	0	13	International	T078	C1512888
27590021	14	24	validation	T062	C1519941
27590021	30	37	urinary	T031	C1610733
27590021	38	47	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27590021	48	53	panel	T059	C0022885
27590021	76	82	active	T169	C0205177
27590021	83	98	lupus nephritis	T047	C0024143
27590021	102	110	children	T100	C0008059
27590021	124	131	markers	T201	C0005516
27590021	135	178	juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C1274834
27590021	180	184	JSLE	T047	C1274834
27590021	186	202	disease activity	T060	C4065474
27590021	231	246	lupus nephritis	T047	C0024143
27590021	248	250	LN	T047	C0024143
27590021	270	275	novel	T080	C0205314
27590021	276	281	urine	T031	C0042036
27590021	282	292	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27590021	305	314	detecting	T061	C1511790
27590021	315	317	LN	T047	C0024143
27590021	318	324	flares	T184	C1517205
27590021	326	335	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27590021	336	342	panels	T059	C0022885
27590021	355	374	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
27590021	380	383	aim	T078	C1947946
27590021	392	397	study	T062	C2603343
27590021	405	411	assess	T052	C1516048
27590021	433	442	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27590021	443	448	panel	T059	C0022885
27590021	461	467	active	T169	C0205177
27590021	468	470	LN	T047	C0024143
27590021	478	491	international	T078	C1512888
27590021	492	496	JSLE	T047	C1274834
27590021	497	504	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27590021	512	519	urinary	T031	C1610733
27590021	520	530	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27590021	539	572	vascular cell adhesion molecule-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27590021	574	580	VCAM-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27590021	583	617	monocyte chemoattractant protein 1	T116,T129	C0128897
27590021	619	624	MCP-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27590021	627	666	lipocalin-like prostaglandin D synthase	T116,T126	C0072296
27590021	668	673	LPGDS	T116,T126	C0072296
27590021	676	687	transferrin	T116,T123	C0040679
27590021	689	691	TF	T116,T123	C0040679
27590021	694	707	ceruloplasmin	T116,T126	C0007841
27590021	709	734	alpha-1-acid glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0029297
27590021	736	739	AGP	T116,T123	C0029297
27590021	745	787	neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin	T116,T123	C0215955
27590021	789	793	NGAL	T116,T123	C0215955
27590021	801	811	quantified	T081	C0392762
27590021	817	838	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27590021	853	865	participants	T098	C0679646
27590021	873	875	UK	T083	C0041700
27590021	876	880	JSLE	T047	C1274834
27590021	881	893	Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27590021	895	903	Cohort 1	T098	C0599755
27590021	930	944	Einstein Lupus	T093	C1708333
27590021	945	951	Cohort	T098	C0599755
27590021	953	961	Cohort 2	T098	C0599755
27590021	964	970	Binary	T080	C1706942
27590021	971	1000	logistic regression modelling	T062	C0206031
27590021	1005	1038	receiver operating characteristic	T081	C0034772
27590021	1039	1053	curve analysis	T081	C0392762
27590021	1055	1075	area under the curve	T081	C0376690
27590021	1077	1080	AUC	T081	C0376690
27590021	1109	1115	assess	T052	C1516048
27590021	1116	1128	combinations	T080	C0205195
27590021	1132	1142	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27590021	1147	1166	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
27590021	1182	1186	JSLE	T047	C1274834
27590021	1187	1195	patients	T101	C0030705
27590021	1223	1230	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27590021	1254	1260	active	T169	C0205177
27590021	1261	1263	LN	T047	C0024143
27590021	1285	1287	LN	T047	C0024143
27590021	1289	1296	Urinary	T031	C1610733
27590021	1297	1300	AGP	T116,T123	C0029297
27590021	1302	1315	ceruloplasmin	T116,T126	C0007841
27590021	1317	1323	VCAM-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27590021	1325	1330	MCP-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27590021	1335	1340	LPGDS	T116,T126	C0072296
27590021	1341	1347	levels	T080	C0441889
27590021	1353	1373	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27590021	1383	1391	patients	T101	C0030705
27590021	1397	1403	active	T169	C0205177
27590021	1404	1406	LN	T047	C0024143
27590021	1415	1418	non	T169	C1518422
27590021	1421	1423	LN	T047	C0024143
27590021	1424	1432	patients	T101	C0030705
27590021	1483	1490	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27590021	1492	1499	Urinary	T031	C1610733
27590021	1500	1502	TF	T116,T123	C0040679
27590021	1525	1532	patient	T101	C0030705
27590021	1543	1551	Cohort 2	T098	C0599755
27590021	1574	1582	Cohort 1	T098	C0599755
27590021	1588	1595	optimal	T080	C2698651
27590021	1596	1605	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27590021	1606	1611	panel	T059	C0022885
27590021	1621	1624	AGP	T116,T123	C0029297
27590021	1626	1639	ceruloplasmin	T116,T126	C0007841
27590021	1641	1646	LPGDS	T116,T126	C0072296
27590021	1651	1653	TF	T116,T123	C0040679
27590021	1655	1658	AUC	T081	C0376690
27590021	1669	1675	active	T169	C0205177
27590021	1676	1678	LN	T047	C0024143
27590021	1728	1736	Cohort 2	T098	C0599755
27590021	1752	1759	markers	T201	C0005516
27590021	1777	1784	optimal	T080	C2698651
27590021	1785	1790	urine	T031	C0042036
27590021	1791	1800	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27590021	1801	1806	panel	T059	C0022885
27590021	1808	1811	AUC	T081	C0376690
27590021	1827	1840	international	T078	C1512888
27590021	1841	1845	JSLE	T047	C1274834
27590021	1846	1853	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27590021	1855	1862	urinary	T031	C1610733
27590021	1863	1866	AGP	T116,T123	C0029297
27590021	1868	1881	ceruloplasmin	T116,T126	C0007841
27590021	1883	1888	LPGDS	T116,T126	C0072296
27590021	1893	1895	TF	T116,T123	C0040679
27590021	1958	1964	active	T169	C0205177
27590021	1965	1967	LN	T047	C0024143
27590021	1971	1979	children	T100	C0008059

27590047|t|The application of heterogeneous cluster grouping to reflective writing for medical humanities literature study to enhance students' empathy, critical thinking, and reflective writing
27590047|a|To facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration and to make connections between patients' diseases and their social / cultural contexts, the study examined whether the use of heterogeneous cluster grouping in reflective writing for medical humanities literature acquisition could have positive effects on medical university students in terms of empathy, critical thinking, and reflective writing. A 15-week quasi-experimental design was conducted to investigate the learning outcomes. After conducting cluster algorithms, heterogeneous learning clusters (experimental group; n = 43) and non-heterogeneous learning clusters (control group; n = 43) were derived for a medical humanities literature study. Before and after the intervention, an Empathy Scale in Patient Care (ES - PC), a critical thinking disposition assessment (CTDA-R), and a reflective writing test were administered to both groups. The findings showed that on the empathy scale, significant differences in the " behavioral empathy ," " affective empathy ," and overall sections existed between the post-test mean scores of the experimental group and those of the control group, but such differences did not exist in " intelligent empathy ." Regarding critical thinking, there were significant differences in " systematicity and analyticity ," " skepticism and well-informed ," " maturity and skepticism ," and overall sections. As for reflective writing, significant differences existed in " ideas ," " voice and point of view ," " critical thinking and representation ," " depth of reflection on personal growth ," and overall sections, but not in " focus and context structure " and " language and conventions ." This study outlined an alternative for using heterogeneous cluster grouping in reflective writing about medical humanities literature to facilitate interdisciplinary cooperation to provide more humanizing medical care.
27590047	4	15	application	T169	C4048755
27590047	19	49	heterogeneous cluster grouping	T081	C1704332
27590047	53	71	reflective writing	T090	C0043266
27590047	76	94	medical humanities	T090	C0020157
27590047	95	111	literature study	T062	C2603343
27590047	115	122	enhance	T052	C2349975
27590047	123	132	students'	T098	C0038492
27590047	133	140	empathy	T055	C0013989
27590047	142	159	critical thinking	T041	C4279941
27590047	165	183	reflective writing	T090	C0043266
27590047	198	229	interdisciplinary collaboration	T058	C0597720
27590047	242	253	connections	T082	C0449379
27590047	262	271	patients'	T101	C0030705
27590047	272	280	diseases	T047	C0012634
27590047	291	297	social	T169	C0728831
27590047	300	317	cultural contexts	T169	C0220814
27590047	323	328	study	T062	C2603343
27590047	329	337	examined	T033	C0332128
27590047	357	387	heterogeneous cluster grouping	T081	C1704332
27590047	391	409	reflective writing	T090	C0043266
27590047	414	432	medical humanities	T090	C0020157
27590047	444	455	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27590047	467	483	positive effects	T080	C1280500
27590047	487	505	medical university	T073,T093	C0000872
27590047	506	514	students	T098	C0038492
27590047	527	534	empathy	T055	C0013989
27590047	536	553	critical thinking	T041	C4279941
27590047	559	577	reflective writing	T090	C0043266
27590047	581	588	15-week	T079	C0439230
27590047	589	614	quasi-experimental design	UnknownType	C0815255
27590047	632	643	investigate	T169	C1292732
27590047	648	665	learning outcomes	T169	C1274040
27590047	684	702	cluster algorithms	T170	C0002045
27590047	704	735	heterogeneous learning clusters	T081	C1704332
27590047	737	755	experimental group	UnknownType	C0681860
27590047	769	804	non-heterogeneous learning clusters	T081	C1704332
27590047	806	819	control group	T096	C0009932
27590047	848	866	medical humanities	T090	C0020157
27590047	867	883	literature study	T062	C2603343
27590047	906	918	intervention	T061	C0184661
27590047	923	936	Empathy Scale	T170	C0349674
27590047	940	952	Patient Care	T058	C0017313
27590047	954	956	ES	T170	C0349674
27590047	959	961	PC	T058	C0017313
27590047	966	1006	critical thinking disposition assessment	T058	C0220825
27590047	1008	1014	CTDA-R	T058	C0220825
27590047	1023	1046	reflective writing test	T058	C1254363
27590047	1052	1064	administered	T169	C1521801
27590047	1073	1079	groups	T078	C0441833
27590047	1113	1126	empathy scale	T170	C0349674
27590047	1161	1179	behavioral empathy	T055	C0013989
27590047	1185	1202	affective empathy	T055	C0013989
27590047	1247	1268	post-test mean scores	T033	C3533236
27590047	1276	1294	experimental group	UnknownType	C0681860
27590047	1312	1325	control group	T096	C0009932
27590047	1367	1386	intelligent empathy	T055	C0013989
27590047	1400	1417	critical thinking	T041	C4279941
27590047	1459	1472	systematicity	T169	C0220922
27590047	1477	1488	analyticity	T062	C0936012
27590047	1494	1504	skepticism	T041	C1510638
27590047	1509	1522	well-informed	T058	C1254363
27590047	1528	1536	maturity	T080	C0449989
27590047	1541	1551	skepticism	T041	C1510638
27590047	1584	1602	reflective writing	T090	C0043266
27590047	1641	1646	ideas	T078	C1254370
27590047	1652	1657	voice	T040	C0042939
27590047	1662	1675	point of view	T078	C1254370
27590047	1681	1698	critical thinking	T041	C4279941
27590047	1703	1717	representation	T052	C1882932
27590047	1723	1742	depth of reflection	T041	C0025361
27590047	1746	1761	personal growth	T055	C0871850
27590047	1800	1805	focus	T169	C1285542
27590047	1810	1827	context structure	T078	C0449255
27590047	1836	1844	language	T171	C0023008
27590047	1849	1860	conventions	T068	C0086047
27590047	1869	1874	study	T062	C2603343
27590047	1909	1939	heterogeneous cluster grouping	T081	C1704332
27590047	1943	1961	reflective writing	T090	C0043266
27590047	1968	1986	medical humanities	T090	C0020157
27590047	2012	2041	interdisciplinary cooperation	T054	C0392337
27590047	2069	2081	medical care	T033	C0496675

27590051|t|Generation and analyses of human synthetic antibody libraries and their application for protein microarrays
27590051|a|Antibody -based proteomics offers distinct advantages in the analysis of complex samples for discovery and validation of biomarkers associated with disease. However, its large-scale implementation requires tools and technologies that allow development of suitable antibody or antibody fragments in a high-throughput manner. To address this we designed and constructed two human synthetic antibody fragment (scFv) libraries denoted HelL-11 and HelL-13. By the use of phage display technology, in total 466 unique scFv antibodies specific for 114 different antigens were generated. The specificities of these antibodies were analyzed in a variety of immunochemical assays and a subset was further evaluated for functionality in protein microarray applications. This high-throughput approach demonstrates the ability to rapidly generate a wealth of reagents not only for proteome research, but potentially also for diagnostics and therapeutics. In addition, this work provides a great example on how a synthetic approach can be used to optimize library designs. By having precise control of the diversity introduced into the antigen - binding sites, synthetic libraries offer increased understanding of how different diversity contributes to antibody binding reactivity and stability, thereby providing the key to future library optimization.
27590051	0	10	Generation	T052	C3146294
27590051	15	23	analyses	T062	C0936012
27590051	27	32	human	T016	C0086418
27590051	33	61	synthetic antibody libraries	T170	C0598139
27590051	72	83	application	T169	C4048755
27590051	88	107	protein microarrays	T075	C1136348
27590051	108	116	Antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27590051	124	134	proteomics	T091	C0872252
27590051	169	177	analysis	T062	C0936012
27590051	189	196	samples	T077	C2347026
27590051	201	210	discovery	T052	C1880355
27590051	215	225	validation	T062	C1519941
27590051	229	239	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27590051	240	255	associated with	T080	C0332281
27590051	256	263	disease	T047	C0012634
27590051	290	304	implementation	T052	C1708476
27590051	314	319	tools	T073	C0336791
27590051	324	336	technologies	T063	C1513384
27590051	348	359	development	T169	C1527148
27590051	372	380	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27590051	384	402	antibody fragments	T116,T129	C0003241
27590051	408	430	high-throughput manner	T170	C0872047
27590051	480	485	human	T016	C0086418
27590051	486	530	synthetic antibody fragment (scFv) libraries	T170	C0598139
27590051	539	546	HelL-11	T116,T129	C0003241
27590051	551	558	HelL-13	T116,T129	C0003241
27590051	574	598	phage display technology	T063	C3494191
27590051	620	635	scFv antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27590051	663	671	antigens	T129	C0003320
27590051	715	725	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27590051	756	777	immunochemical assays	T059	C0519671
27590051	834	852	protein microarray	T075	C1136348
27590051	853	865	applications	T169	C4048755
27590051	872	896	high-throughput approach	T170	C0872047
27590051	944	950	wealth	T080	C0699759
27590051	954	962	reagents	T130	C0034760
27590051	976	984	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
27590051	985	993	research	T062	C0035168
27590051	1020	1031	diagnostics	T062	C1511890
27590051	1036	1048	therapeutics	T061	C0087111
27590051	1150	1165	library designs	T170	C0598139
27590051	1200	1209	diversity	T080	C1880371
27590051	1230	1237	antigen	T129	C0003320
27590051	1240	1253	binding sites	T192	C0005456
27590051	1255	1274	synthetic libraries	T170	C0598139
27590051	1322	1331	diversity	T080	C1880371
27590051	1347	1355	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27590051	1356	1374	binding reactivity	T052	C1145667
27590051	1379	1388	stability	T080	C0205360
27590051	1426	1433	library	T170	C0598139
27590051	1434	1446	optimization	T052	C2698650

27590630|t|A pH - Sensitive Nanocarrier for Tumor Targeting: Delivery of Ruthenium Complex for Tumor Theranostic by pH - Sensitive Nanocapsule
27590630|a|Ruthenium complex is a potentially theranostic agent for cancer imaging and therapy, however its application is limited due to poor water-solubility and lack of tumor selectivity. To overcome the above drawbacks, pH - sensitive nanocapsule as a novel targeting carrier was designed to deliver ruthenium complex for treating xenograft tumor of mice. The core / shell structured nanocapsule with ruthenium complex tris(1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) complex (3P-Ru) as the core and a pH - sensitive polymeric material poly (2-diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) (PbPS) as the shell was synthesized and characterized. Meanwhile, the nanocapsule was used to investigate cell viability and evaluate tissue distribution as well as preventing tumor growth efficacy in U251 stem cells tumor -bearing mouse model. The nanocapsule had a size of 103.1 ± 11.3 nm, zeta potential of -40 ± 5.3 mV, EE of 76.7 ± 0.9%, LE of 25.4 ± 0.6% and it could control drug release under different pH conditions. The results of cell uptake showed that the fluorescent 3P-Ru loaded in the nanocapsule could be delivered into cells with high efficiency, and then significantly inhibited U251 proliferation in a concentration - dependent manner. After U251 stem cells were transplanted subcutaneously into mice, the 3P-Ru / PbPS nanocapsule (PbPS - Ru - NC) via intravenous administration could concentrate in tumor area and obviously prevent tumor growth. The pH - sensitive nanocapsule as a antitumor agent carrier was able to effectively deliver 3P-Ru into gliomas cells, and cell growth was significantly inhibited both in vitro and in vivo. Such pH - sensitive nanocapsule for ruthenium complex delivery would have great potential application in tumor theranostics.
27590630	2	4	pH	T081	C0020283
27590630	7	16	Sensitive	T169	C0332324
27590630	17	28	Nanocarrier	T122	C0013161
27590630	33	38	Tumor	T191	C0027651
27590630	39	48	Targeting	T043	C0599894
27590630	50	58	Delivery	T169	C1705822
27590630	62	79	Ruthenium Complex	T197	C0206450
27590630	84	89	Tumor	T191	C0027651
27590630	90	101	Theranostic	T091	C4042913
27590630	105	107	pH	T081	C0020283
27590630	110	119	Sensitive	T169	C0332324
27590630	120	131	Nanocapsule	T073	C1721062
27590630	132	149	Ruthenium complex	T197	C0206450
27590630	167	184	theranostic agent	T121	C1254351
27590630	189	203	cancer imaging	T060	C1655037
27590630	208	215	therapy	T061	C0920425
27590630	264	280	water-solubility	T081	C0597682
27590630	293	298	tumor	T191	C0027651
27590630	299	310	selectivity	T169	C0332324
27590630	315	323	overcome	T052	C2983310
27590630	345	347	pH	T081	C0020283
27590630	350	359	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27590630	360	371	nanocapsule	T073	C1721062
27590630	383	400	targeting carrier	T122	C0013161
27590630	425	442	ruthenium complex	T197	C0206450
27590630	447	455	treating	T169	C1522326
27590630	456	471	xenograft tumor	T191	C0027651
27590630	475	479	mice	T015	C0025929
27590630	485	489	core	T082	C0444669
27590630	492	497	shell	T082	C1254362
27590630	498	508	structured	T082	C0678594
27590630	509	520	nanocapsule	T073	C1721062
27590630	526	543	ruthenium complex	T197	C0206450
27590630	544	591	tris(1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) complex	T109	C0284795
27590630	593	598	3P-Ru	T109	C0284795
27590630	607	611	core	T082	C0444669
27590630	618	620	pH	T081	C0020283
27590630	623	632	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27590630	633	651	polymeric material	T104,T122	C0032521
27590630	652	747	poly (2-diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride)	T104,T122	C0032521
27590630	749	753	PbPS	T104,T122	C0032521
27590630	762	767	shell	T082	C1254362
27590630	772	783	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27590630	788	801	characterized	T052	C1880022
27590630	818	829	nanocapsule	T073	C1721062
27590630	842	853	investigate	T169	C1292732
27590630	854	868	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27590630	873	881	evaluate	T169	C1292732
27590630	882	901	tissue distribution	T169	C0220927
27590630	913	923	preventing	T169	C1292733
27590630	924	936	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27590630	937	945	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27590630	949	970	U251 stem cells tumor	T025	C1956421
27590630	980	991	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27590630	997	1008	nanocapsule	T073	C1721062
27590630	1015	1019	size	T081	C0030608
27590630	1040	1054	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
27590630	1072	1074	EE	T081	C0392762
27590630	1091	1093	LE	T081	C0392762
27590630	1122	1129	control	T169	C2587213
27590630	1130	1142	drug release	T070	C3850077
27590630	1149	1158	different	T080	C1705242
27590630	1159	1161	pH	T081	C0020283
27590630	1162	1172	conditions	T080	C0348080
27590630	1178	1185	results	T169	C1274040
27590630	1189	1193	cell	T025	C0007634
27590630	1194	1200	uptake	T043	C3888108
27590630	1217	1234	fluorescent 3P-Ru	T109	C0284795
27590630	1249	1260	nanocapsule	T073	C1721062
27590630	1285	1290	cells	T025	C0007634
27590630	1301	1311	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27590630	1336	1345	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27590630	1346	1350	U251	T025	C1956421
27590630	1351	1364	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27590630	1370	1383	concentration	T081	C1446561
27590630	1386	1395	dependent	T080	C0851827
27590630	1410	1425	U251 stem cells	T025	C1956421
27590630	1431	1443	transplanted	T169	C0700106
27590630	1464	1468	mice	T015	C0025929
27590630	1474	1479	3P-Ru	T109	C0284795
27590630	1482	1486	PbPS	T104,T122	C0032521
27590630	1487	1498	nanocapsule	T073	C1721062
27590630	1500	1504	PbPS	T104,T122	C0032521
27590630	1507	1509	Ru	T197	C0206450
27590630	1512	1514	NC	T073	C1721062
27590630	1520	1546	intravenous administration	T082	C0013125
27590630	1553	1564	concentrate	T052	C2003864
27590630	1568	1573	tumor	T191	C0027651
27590630	1574	1578	area	T082	C0205146
27590630	1601	1613	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27590630	1619	1621	pH	T081	C0020283
27590630	1624	1633	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27590630	1634	1645	nanocapsule	T073	C1721062
27590630	1651	1666	antitumor agent	T109,T121	C0003392
27590630	1707	1712	3P-Ru	T109	C0284795
27590630	1718	1725	gliomas	T191	C0017638
27590630	1726	1731	cells	T025	C0007634
27590630	1737	1748	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27590630	1753	1766	significantly	T078	C0750502
27590630	1767	1776	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27590630	1782	1790	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27590630	1795	1802	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27590630	1809	1811	pH	T081	C0020283
27590630	1814	1823	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27590630	1824	1835	nanocapsule	T073	C1721062
27590630	1840	1857	ruthenium complex	T197	C0206450
27590630	1858	1866	delivery	T169	C1705822
27590630	1909	1914	tumor	T191	C0027651
27590630	1915	1927	theranostics	T091	C4042913

27591146|t|Dopamine D2 Receptors Enhance Population Dynamics in Primate Prefrontal Working Memory Circuits
27591146|a|Working memory is associated with persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The neuromodulator dopamine, which is released by midbrain neurons projecting into the frontal lobe, influences PFC neurons and networks via the dopamine D1 (D1R) and the D2 receptor (D2R) families. Although behavioral, clinical and computational evidence suggest an involvement of D2Rs in working memory, a neuronal explanation is missing. We report an enhancement of persistent working memory responses of PFC neurons after iontophoretically stimulating D2Rs in monkeys memorizing the number of items in a display. D2R activation improved working memory representation at the population level and increased population dynamics during the transition from visual to mnemonic representations. Computational modeling suggests that D2Rs act by modulating interneuron-to-pyramidal signaling. By increasing the population's response dynamics, D2Rs might put PFC networks in a more flexible state and enhance the neurons ' working memory coding, thereby controlling dynamic cognitive control.
27591146	0	21	Dopamine D2 Receptors	T116,T192	C0058698
27591146	30	49	Population Dynamics	T081	C0032667
27591146	53	60	Primate	T015	C0033147
27591146	61	95	Prefrontal Working Memory Circuits	T041	C0025265
27591146	96	110	Working memory	T041	C0025265
27591146	130	140	persistent	T079	C0205322
27591146	157	174	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
27591146	176	179	PFC	T023	C0162783
27591146	186	200	neuromodulator	T123	C0949370
27591146	201	209	dopamine	T116,T192	C0034798
27591146	232	240	midbrain	T023	C0025462
27591146	241	248	neurons	T025	C0027882
27591146	269	281	frontal lobe	T023	C0016733
27591146	283	293	influences	T077	C4054723
27591146	294	297	PFC	T023	C0162783
27591146	298	305	neurons	T025	C0027882
27591146	310	318	networks	T023	C0242406
27591146	327	338	dopamine D1	T116,T192	C0058697
27591146	340	343	D1R	T116,T192	C0058697
27591146	353	364	D2 receptor	T116,T192	C0058698
27591146	366	369	D2R	T116,T192	C0058698
27591146	390	400	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27591146	402	410	clinical	T080	C0205210
27591146	415	428	computational	T052	C1880157
27591146	429	437	evidence	T078	C3887511
27591146	449	460	involvement	T169	C1314939
27591146	464	468	D2Rs	T116,T192	C0058698
27591146	472	486	working memory	T041	C0025265
27591146	490	498	neuronal	T129	C0521390
27591146	499	510	explanation	T170	C0681841
27591146	551	561	persistent	T079	C0205322
27591146	562	576	working memory	T041	C0025265
27591146	577	586	responses	T032	C0871261
27591146	590	593	PFC	T023	C0162783
27591146	594	601	neurons	T025	C0027882
27591146	608	637	iontophoretically stimulating	T169	C0542341
27591146	638	642	D2Rs	T116,T192	C0058698
27591146	646	653	monkeys	T015	C0026447
27591146	654	664	memorizing	T041	C0025260
27591146	690	697	display	T073	C1705417
27591146	699	702	D2R	T116,T192	C0058698
27591146	714	722	improved	T033	C0184511
27591146	723	737	working memory	T041	C0025265
27591146	760	770	population	T098	C1257890
27591146	781	790	increased	T081	C0205217
27591146	791	810	population dynamics	T081	C0032667
27591146	822	832	transition	T052	C2700061
27591146	838	844	visual	T169	C0234621
27591146	848	872	mnemonic representations	T041	C0679055
27591146	874	896	Computational modeling	T062	C0870071
27591146	911	915	D2Rs	T116,T192	C0058698
27591146	923	933	modulating	T082	C0443264
27591146	934	968	interneuron-to-pyramidal signaling	T038	C3537152
27591146	973	983	increasing	T169	C0442808
27591146	988	1018	population's response dynamics	T081	C0032667
27591146	1020	1024	D2Rs	T116,T192	C0058698
27591146	1035	1047	PFC networks	T023	C0162783
27591146	1058	1066	flexible	T080	C0443220
27591146	1089	1096	neurons	T025	C0027882
27591146	1099	1113	working memory	T041	C0025265
27591146	1142	1167	dynamic cognitive control	T169	C0205245

27591323|t|Circulating Memory CD4+ T Cells Target Conserved Epitopes of Rhinovirus Capsid Proteins and Respond Rapidly to Experimental Infection in Humans
27591323|a|Rhinovirus (RV) is a major cause of common cold and an important trigger of acute episodes of chronic lung diseases. Antigenic variation across the numerous RV strains results in frequent infections and a lack of durable cross-protection. Because the nature of human CD4(+) T cells that target RV is largely unknown, T cell epitopes of RV capsid proteins were analyzed, and cognate T cells were characterized in healthy subjects and those infected by intranasal challenge. Peptide epitopes of the RV-A16 capsid proteins VP1 and VP2 were identified by peptide / MHC class II tetramer-guided epitope mapping, validated by direct ex vivo enumeration, and interrogated using a variety of in silico methods. Among noninfected subjects, those circulating RV-A16 -specific CD4(+) T cells detected at the highest frequencies targeted 10 unique epitopes that bound to diverse HLA-DR molecules. T cell epitopes localized to conserved molecular regions of biological significance to the virus were enriched for HLA class I and II binding motifs, and constituted both species -specific (RV-A) and pan-species (RV-A, - B, and - C) varieties. Circulating epitope -specific T cells comprised both memory Th1 and T follicular helper cells, and were rapidly expanded and activated after intranasal challenge with RV-A16. Cross-reactivity was evidenced by identification of a common *0401- restricted epitope for RV-A16 and RV-A39 by tetramer-guided epitope mapping and the ability for RV-A16 -specific Th1 cells to proliferate in response to their RV-A39 peptide counterpart. The preferential persistence of high-frequency RV -specific memory Th1 cells that recognize a limited set of conserved epitopes likely arises from iterative priming by previous exposures to different RV strains.
27591323	0	11	Circulating	T169	C0175630
27591323	12	31	Memory CD4+ T Cells	T025	C0039215
27591323	49	57	Epitopes	T129	C0003316
27591323	61	71	Rhinovirus	T005	C0035473
27591323	72	87	Capsid Proteins	T116,T123	C1136102
27591323	124	133	Infection	T046	C3714514
27591323	137	143	Humans	T016	C0086418
27591323	144	154	Rhinovirus	T005	C0035473
27591323	156	158	RV	T005	C0035473
27591323	180	191	common cold	T047	C0009443
27591323	238	259	chronic lung diseases	T047	C0746102
27591323	261	280	Antigenic variation	T044	C0003319
27591323	301	311	RV strains	T005	C0035473
27591323	332	342	infections	T046	C3714514
27591323	365	381	cross-protection	T044	C2717886
27591323	405	410	human	T016	C0086418
27591323	411	425	CD4(+) T cells	T025	C0039215
27591323	438	440	RV	T005	C0035473
27591323	461	476	T cell epitopes	T129	C0282580
27591323	480	482	RV	T005	C0035473
27591323	483	498	capsid proteins	T116,T123	C1136102
27591323	526	533	T cells	T025	C0039194
27591323	556	572	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27591323	583	591	infected	T033	C0439663
27591323	595	615	intranasal challenge	T061	C0001560
27591323	617	624	Peptide	T116	C0030956
27591323	625	633	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27591323	641	647	RV-A16	T005	C0318483
27591323	648	663	capsid proteins	T116,T123	C1136102
27591323	664	667	VP1	T116,T129	C0168985
27591323	672	675	VP2	T116,T123	C0208912
27591323	695	702	peptide	T116	C0030956
27591323	705	717	MHC class II	T116,T129	C0019630
27591323	718	749	tetramer-guided epitope mapping	T059,T063	C0242831
27591323	771	778	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27591323	779	790	enumeration	T080	C1707927
27591323	828	845	in silico methods	T066	C3489666
27591323	853	873	noninfected subjects	T098	C1708335
27591323	881	892	circulating	T169	C0175630
27591323	893	899	RV-A16	T005	C0318483
27591323	910	924	CD4(+) T cells	T025	C0039215
27591323	980	988	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27591323	1011	1017	HLA-DR	T116,T129	C0019764
27591323	1029	1044	T cell epitopes	T129	C0282580
27591323	1058	1085	conserved molecular regions	T086	C0009802
27591323	1120	1125	virus	T005	C0042776
27591323	1144	1162	HLA class I and II	T116,T129	C4038478
27591323	1200	1207	species	T185	C1705920
27591323	1219	1223	RV-A	T005	C1071061
27591323	1229	1240	pan-species	T015	C0008111
27591323	1242	1246	RV-A	T005	C1071061
27591323	1250	1251	B	T005	C1071062
27591323	1259	1260	C	T005	C2290915
27591323	1273	1284	Circulating	T169	C0175630
27591323	1285	1292	epitope	T129	C0003316
27591323	1303	1310	T cells	T025	C0039194
27591323	1326	1336	memory Th1	T025	C0242632
27591323	1341	1366	T follicular helper cells	T025	C0018894
27591323	1414	1434	intranasal challenge	T061	C0001560
27591323	1440	1446	RV-A16	T005	C0318483
27591323	1516	1534	restricted epitope	T129	C0003316
27591323	1539	1545	RV-A16	T005	C0318483
27591323	1550	1556	RV-A39	T005	C0318506
27591323	1560	1591	tetramer-guided epitope mapping	T059,T063	C0242831
27591323	1612	1618	RV-A16	T005	C0318483
27591323	1629	1638	Th1 cells	T025	C0242632
27591323	1675	1681	RV-A39	T005	C0318506
27591323	1682	1689	peptide	T116	C0030956
27591323	1750	1752	RV	T005	C0035473
27591323	1763	1779	memory Th1 cells	T025	C0242632
27591323	1822	1830	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27591323	1903	1913	RV strains	T005	C0035473

27592178|t|Sitting Time and Mortality in Older Adults With Disability: A National Cohort Study
27592178|a|The progressive aging of the population has increased the number of older adults with disabilities. Regular physical activity has shown to improve health among these individuals, but the effects of sedentary behavior are mostly unknown. Thus, this study examined the association between sitting time and mortality in older adults with disability. Prospective cohort of 2470 people aged ≥60 years. In 2000-2011, the study participants reported their sitting time and physical activity levels and were subsequently followed up through 2011 to ascertain mortality. During an average follow-up of 8.7 years, 982 deaths occurred. Compared with people who spent seated <4 hours/d, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of mortality was 1.27 (1.07-1.51) in those seated during 4-6 hours/d and 1.55 (1.29-1.87) in those seated for >6 hours/d. Each increment of 1 hour/day in sitting time was linked to a 7% increase in mortality. Compared with active individuals who spent seated <4 hours/day, those who were inactive and spent seated >6 hours/d showed the highest mortality (hazard ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.37-2.42). Sitting time is associated with higher mortality in older people with disability. Interventions combining the reduction of sedentary behavior with increased physical activity should be developed and evaluated in this group of population.
27592178	0	7	Sitting	T039	C2584297
27592178	8	12	Time	T079	C0040223
27592178	17	26	Mortality	T081	C0178686
27592178	30	58	Older Adults With Disability	T101	C0018576
27592178	62	83	National Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27592178	88	105	progressive aging	T040	C0001811
27592178	113	123	population	T081	C0032659
27592178	152	182	older adults with disabilities	T101	C0018576
27592178	184	209	Regular physical activity	UnknownType	C0815170
27592178	231	237	health	T078	C0018684
27592178	250	261	individuals	T098	C0237401
27592178	282	300	sedentary behavior	T033	C3824706
27592178	332	337	study	T062	C2603343
27592178	338	346	examined	T033	C0332128
27592178	351	362	association	T080	C0439849
27592178	371	378	sitting	T039	C2584297
27592178	379	383	time	T079	C0040223
27592178	388	397	mortality	T081	C0178686
27592178	401	429	older adults with disability	T101	C0018576
27592178	443	449	cohort	T098	C0599755
27592178	458	464	people	T098	C0027361
27592178	474	479	years	T079	C0439234
27592178	499	504	study	T062	C2603343
27592178	505	517	participants	T098	C0679646
27592178	533	540	sitting	T039	C2584297
27592178	541	545	time	T079	C0040223
27592178	550	567	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27592178	597	608	followed up	T058	C1522577
27592178	635	644	mortality	T081	C0178686
27592178	664	673	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27592178	681	686	years	T079	C0439234
27592178	692	698	deaths	T040	C0011065
27592178	723	729	people	T098	C0027361
27592178	740	746	seated	T039	C2584297
27592178	750	757	hours/d	T079	C0556974
27592178	763	775	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27592178	781	800	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27592178	805	814	mortality	T081	C0178686
27592178	845	851	seated	T039	C2584297
27592178	863	870	hours/d	T079	C0556974
27592178	901	907	seated	T039	C2584297
27592178	915	922	hours/d	T079	C0556974
27592178	929	938	increment	T081	C1705117
27592178	944	952	hour/day	T079	C0556974
27592178	956	963	sitting	T039	C2584297
27592178	964	968	time	T079	C0040223
27592178	1000	1009	mortality	T081	C0178686
27592178	1032	1043	individuals	T098	C0237401
27592178	1064	1073	hours/day	T079	C0556974
27592178	1109	1115	seated	T039	C2584297
27592178	1119	1126	hours/d	T079	C0556974
27592178	1146	1155	mortality	T081	C0178686
27592178	1157	1169	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27592178	1180	1199	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27592178	1212	1219	Sitting	T039	C2584297
27592178	1220	1224	time	T079	C0040223
27592178	1228	1243	associated with	T080	C0332281
27592178	1251	1260	mortality	T081	C0178686
27592178	1264	1292	older people with disability	T101	C0018576
27592178	1294	1307	Interventions	T061	C0184661
27592178	1322	1331	reduction	T061	C0441610
27592178	1335	1353	sedentary behavior	T033	C3824706
27592178	1369	1386	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27592178	1397	1406	developed	T169	C1527148
27592178	1429	1448	group of population	T098	C1257890

27593389|t|Fine structure of interleukin 18 (IL-18) receptor - immunoreactive neurons in the retrosplenial cortex and its changes in IL18 knockout mice
27593389|a|Interleukin 18 (IL-18) participates in the inflammatory immune response of lymphocytes. Delay in learning or memory are common in the IL-18 knockout mouse. Many IL-18 - immunoreactive neurons are found in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and the subiculum. These neurons also contain the IL-18 receptor. We determined the location and the ultrastructure of the IL-18 receptor - immunoreactive neurons in the RSC and observed changes in the IL-18 receptor - immunoreactive neurons of the IL-18 knockout mouse. The IL-18 receptor - immunoreactive neurons were found specifically in layer V of the granular RSC. They were medium-sized neurons with a light oval nucleus and had little cytoplasm with many free ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria, but no Nissl bodies. The number of axosomatic terminals was about six per section. The IL-18 receptor - immunoreactive neurons were not found in the RSC in the IL-18 knockout mouse at 5 or 9 weeks of age. However, many small electron-dense neurons were found in layer V. Both the nucleus and cytoplasm were electron-dense, but not necrotic. The mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum were swollen. The IL-18 receptor - immunoreactive neurons were presumed to be degenerating. The degeneration of the IL18-receptor - immunoreactive neurons in the RSC may cause the abnormal behaviors of the IL-18 knockout mice.
27593389	18	49	interleukin 18 (IL-18) receptor	T116,T192	C0666963
27593389	52	66	immunoreactive	T022	C0020962
27593389	67	74	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	82	102	retrosplenial cortex	T023	C4085586
27593389	122	126	IL18	T028	C1334109
27593389	127	140	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
27593389	141	155	Interleukin 18	T116,T129	C0383327
27593389	157	162	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27593389	184	196	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27593389	197	212	immune response	T042	C0301872
27593389	197	212	immune response	T042	C0301872
27593389	216	227	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
27593389	229	256	Delay in learning or memory	T079	C1254367
27593389	275	280	IL-18	T028	C1334109
27593389	281	295	knockout mouse	T015	C0206745
27593389	302	307	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27593389	310	324	immunoreactive	T022	C0020962
27593389	325	332	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	350	370	retrosplenial cortex	T023	C4085586
27593389	372	375	RSC	T023	C4085586
27593389	385	394	subiculum	T023	C2950582
27593389	402	409	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	427	441	IL-18 receptor	T116,T192	C0666963
27593389	478	492	ultrastructure	T078	C0041623
27593389	500	514	IL-18 receptor	T116,T192	C0666963
27593389	517	531	immunoreactive	T022	C0020962
27593389	532	539	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	547	550	RSC	T023	C4085586
27593389	579	593	IL-18 receptor	T116,T192	C0666963
27593389	596	610	immunoreactive	T022	C0020962
27593389	611	618	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	626	631	IL-18	T028	C1334109
27593389	632	646	knockout mouse	T015	C0206745
27593389	652	666	IL-18 receptor	T116,T192	C0666963
27593389	669	683	immunoreactive	T022	C0020962
27593389	684	691	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	719	746	layer V of the granular RSC	T029	C3498609
27593389	771	778	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	792	804	oval nucleus	T026	C0007610
27593389	820	829	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27593389	840	854	free ribosomes	T026	C0035553
27593389	862	883	endoplasmic reticulum	T026	C0014239
27593389	893	905	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27593389	914	926	Nissl bodies	T026	C0028117
27593389	942	962	axosomatic terminals	T030	C1180004
27593389	994	1008	IL-18 receptor	T116,T192	C0666963
27593389	1011	1025	immunoreactive	T022	C0020962
27593389	1026	1033	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	1056	1059	RSC	T023	C4085586
27593389	1067	1072	IL-18	T028	C1334109
27593389	1073	1087	knockout mouse	T015	C0206745
27593389	1126	1146	small electron-dense	T085	C0596488
27593389	1147	1154	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	1169	1176	layer V	T029	C3498609
27593389	1187	1194	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27593389	1199	1208	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27593389	1214	1228	electron-dense	T085	C0596488
27593389	1252	1264	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27593389	1269	1296	rough endoplasmic reticulum	T026	C0230779
27593389	1302	1309	swollen	T033	C0038999
27593389	1315	1329	IL-18 receptor	T116,T192	C0666963
27593389	1332	1346	immunoreactive	T022	C0020962
27593389	1347	1354	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	1375	1387	degenerating	T033	C2673328
27593389	1393	1405	degeneration	T049	C0027746
27593389	1413	1426	IL18-receptor	T116,T192	C0666963
27593389	1429	1443	immunoreactive	T022	C0020962
27593389	1444	1451	neurons	T025	C0027882
27593389	1459	1462	RSC	T023	C4085586
27593389	1477	1495	abnormal behaviors	T048	C0233514
27593389	1503	1508	IL-18	T028	C1334109
27593389	1509	1522	knockout mice	T015	C0206745

27593461|t|Exploring the genetic variability in water use efficiency: Evaluation of inter and intra cultivar genetic diversity in grapevines
27593461|a|Genetic improvement of crop Water Use Efficiency (WUE) is a general goal because the increasing water scarcity and the trend to a more sustainable agriculture. For grapevines, this subject is relevant and need an urgent response because their wide distribution in semi-arid areas. New cultivars are difficult to introduce in viticulture due to the narrow dependency of consumer appreciation often linked to a certain particular wine taste. Clones of reputed cultivars would presumably be more accepted but little is known on the intra-cultivar genetic variability of the WUE. The present work compares, on the basis of two field assays, the variability of intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) in a large collection of cultivars in contrast with a collection of clones of Tempranillo cultivar. The results show that clonal variability of WUEi was around 80% of the inter-cultivar, thus providing a first assessment on the opportunity for clonal selection by WUE. Plotting the WUEi data against stem water potential or stomatal conductance it was possible to identify cultivars and clones out of the confidence intervals of this linear regression thus with significantly higher and lower WUEi values. The present results contribute to open the expectative for a genetic improvement of grapevine WUE.
27593461	14	21	genetic	T169	C0314603
27593461	22	33	variability	T077	C2827666
27593461	37	42	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27593461	43	46	use	T169	C0457083
27593461	47	57	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27593461	73	78	inter	T079	C1548610
27593461	83	97	intra cultivar	T002	C0032098
27593461	98	115	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27593461	119	129	grapevines	T002	C0330100
27593461	130	137	Genetic	T169	C0314603
27593461	138	149	improvement	T077	C2986411
27593461	153	157	crop	T002	C0242775
27593461	158	163	Water	T121,T197	C0043047
27593461	164	167	Use	T169	C0457083
27593461	168	178	Efficiency	T081	C0013682
27593461	180	183	WUE	T081	C0013682
27593461	198	202	goal	T078	C1571704
27593461	215	225	increasing	T169	C0442808
27593461	226	231	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27593461	232	240	scarcity	T169	C0231179
27593461	265	276	sustainable	T169	C0443318
27593461	277	288	agriculture	T090	C0001829
27593461	294	304	grapevines	T002	C0330100
27593461	311	318	subject	T078	C1706203
27593461	322	330	relevant	T080	C2347946
27593461	378	390	distribution	T169	C1704711
27593461	394	403	semi-arid	T070	C0011673
27593461	404	409	areas	T082	C0205146
27593461	415	424	cultivars	T002	C0032098
27593461	429	438	difficult	T080	C0332218
27593461	442	451	introduce	T169	C1292748
27593461	455	466	viticulture	UnknownType	C0681558
27593461	499	507	consumer	T098	C1707496
27593461	508	520	appreciation	T077	C2346843
27593461	558	562	wine	T168	C0043188
27593461	563	568	taste	T081	C1547046
27593461	570	576	Clones	T024	C1522642
27593461	588	597	cultivars	T002	C0032098
27593461	623	631	accepted	T080	C1272684
27593461	659	673	intra-cultivar	T002	C0032098
27593461	674	681	genetic	T169	C0314603
27593461	682	693	variability	T077	C2827666
27593461	701	704	WUE	T081	C0013682
27593461	723	731	compares	T052	C1707455
27593461	753	758	field	T090	C0001829
27593461	771	782	variability	T077	C2827666
27593461	796	801	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27593461	802	805	use	T169	C0457083
27593461	806	816	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27593461	818	822	WUEi	T081	C0013682
27593461	835	845	collection	T169	C1516698
27593461	849	858	cultivars	T002	C0032098
27593461	862	870	contrast	T080	C1979874
27593461	878	888	collection	T169	C1516698
27593461	892	898	clones	T024	C1522642
27593461	902	922	Tempranillo cultivar	T002	C0032098
27593461	928	935	results	T169	C1274040
27593461	946	952	clonal	T080	C1704387
27593461	953	964	variability	T077	C2827666
27593461	968	972	WUEi	T081	C0013682
27593461	977	983	around	T078	C0750503
27593461	995	1009	inter-cultivar	T002	C0032098
27593461	1034	1044	assessment	T052	C1516048
27593461	1068	1074	clonal	T080	C1704387
27593461	1075	1084	selection	T052	C1707391
27593461	1088	1091	WUE	T081	C0013682
27593461	1106	1110	WUEi	T081	C0013682
27593461	1111	1115	data	T078	C1511726
27593461	1124	1128	stem	T002	C0242767
27593461	1129	1134	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27593461	1135	1144	potential	T080	C3245505
27593461	1148	1168	stomatal conductance	T039	C1326524
27593461	1176	1184	possible	T033	C0332149
27593461	1188	1196	identify	T080	C0205396
27593461	1197	1206	cultivars	T002	C0032098
27593461	1211	1217	clones	T024	C1522642
27593461	1229	1249	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27593461	1258	1275	linear regression	T081	C0023733
27593461	1286	1306	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27593461	1311	1316	lower	T081	C4055638
27593461	1317	1321	WUEi	T081	C0013682
27593461	1322	1328	values	T081	C1522609
27593461	1342	1349	results	T169	C1274040
27593461	1350	1360	contribute	T052	C1880177
27593461	1391	1398	genetic	T169	C0314603
27593461	1399	1410	improvement	T077	C2986411
27593461	1414	1423	grapevine	T002	C0330100
27593461	1424	1427	WUE	T081	C0013682

27593786|t|The Usefulness of Employing an Electronic Traction Table to Determine Flexibility in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
27593786|a|The aim of the study was to develop new equipment for the assessment of the flexibility of the spine with different forces. This new system should provide a different perspective to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) for the selection of fusion levels and surgical success. Eighteen patients suffering from AIS who were scheduled to undergo posterior instrumented spinal fusion in our clinic were recruited in this study. The Electronic Traction Table (ETT) that was designed in our clinic was used to evaluate the radiogical and clinical parameters of the spine. The significant prescriptive angle of major Cobb angles between postoperative angles were longitudinal traction and lateral pushing Cobb angles. Longitudinal traction and lateral pushing angles were more correlated with correction ratios. There was a significant difference between longitudinal traction minor Cobb angle, longitudinal traction lateral pushing minor Cobb angle and postoperative minor Cobb angles. The deformity is needed to balance both tractional and rotational forces and useful technique to evaluate curve flexibility before the operation. Electronic traction table is a new device for determining preoperative flexibility with longitudinal traction and lateral pushing radiographs. It can be useful for choosing selective fusion levels at the proximal and distal end of the vertebral column.
27593786	18	27	Employing	T033	C0557351
27593786	31	56	Electronic Traction Table	T074	C0183817
27593786	70	81	Flexibility	T080	C0242808
27593786	85	116	Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis	T190	C0410702
27593786	132	137	study	T062	C2603343
27593786	145	152	develop	T169	C1527148
27593786	157	166	equipment	T073	C0014672
27593786	175	185	assessment	T058	C0220825
27593786	193	204	flexibility	T080	C0242808
27593786	212	217	spine	T023	C0037949
27593786	233	239	forces	T067	C0441722
27593786	250	256	system	T169	C0449913
27593786	299	330	adolescent idiopathic scoliosis	T190	C0410702
27593786	332	335	AIS	T190	C0410702
27593786	345	354	selection	T052	C1707391
27593786	358	371	fusion levels	T080	C0441889
27593786	376	384	surgical	T061	C0543467
27593786	385	392	success	T080	C0679864
27593786	403	411	patients	T101	C0030705
27593786	427	430	AIS	T190	C0410702
27593786	461	470	posterior	T082	C0205095
27593786	471	497	instrumented spinal fusion	T061	C0919636
27593786	505	511	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27593786	535	540	study	T062	C2603343
27593786	546	571	Electronic Traction Table	T074	C0183817
27593786	573	576	ETT	T074	C0183817
27593786	603	609	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27593786	635	645	radiogical	T077	C0549193
27593786	650	658	clinical	T080	C0205210
27593786	659	669	parameters	T077	C0549193
27593786	677	682	spine	T023	C0037949
27593786	700	718	prescriptive angle	T080	C0205556
27593786	728	739	Cobb angles	T033	C0563192
27593786	748	768	postoperative angles	T080	C0205556
27593786	774	786	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27593786	787	795	traction	T061	C0040597
27593786	800	827	lateral pushing Cobb angles	T033	C0563192
27593786	829	841	Longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27593786	842	850	traction	T061	C0040597
27593786	855	877	lateral pushing angles	T033	C0563192
27593786	904	921	correction ratios	T081	C0456603
27593786	935	946	significant	T078	C0750502
27593786	966	978	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27593786	979	987	traction	T061	C0040597
27593786	994	1004	Cobb angle	T033	C0563192
27593786	1006	1018	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27593786	1019	1027	traction	T061	C0040597
27593786	1028	1060	lateral pushing minor Cobb angle	T033	C0563192
27593786	1065	1096	postoperative minor Cobb angles	T033	C0563192
27593786	1102	1111	deformity	T190	C0302142
27593786	1138	1148	tractional	T061	C0040597
27593786	1153	1163	rotational	T169	C0035868
27593786	1153	1170	rotational forces	T067	C0441722
27593786	1182	1191	technique	T169	C0449851
27593786	1210	1221	flexibility	T080	C0242808
27593786	1233	1242	operation	T061	C0543467
27593786	1244	1269	Electronic traction table	T074	C0183817
27593786	1279	1285	device	T074	C0025080
27593786	1302	1326	preoperative flexibility	T080	C0242808
27593786	1332	1344	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27593786	1345	1353	traction	T061	C0040597
27593786	1358	1385	lateral pushing radiographs	T060	C1306645
27593786	1408	1416	choosing	T052	C1707391
27593786	1427	1440	fusion levels	T080	C0441889
27593786	1448	1456	proximal	T082	C0205107
27593786	1461	1467	distal	T082	C0205108
27593786	1479	1495	vertebral column	T023	C0037949

27593936|t|TFAP2C promotes lung tumorigenesis and aggressiveness through miR-183 - and miR-33a -mediated cell cycle regulation
27593936|a|Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and thus new molecular targets need to be identified to improve treatment efficacy. Although epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/ KRAS mutation -driven lung tumorigenesis is well understood, the mechanism of EGFR / KRAS -independent signal activation remains elusive. Enhanced TFAP2C (transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 2C) expression is associated with poor prognosis in some types of cancer patients, but little is known of its relation with the pathogenesis of lung cancer. In the present study, we found that TFAP2C overexpression was associated with cell cycle activation and NSCLC cell tumorigenesis. Interestingly, TFAP2C blocked AKAP12 -mediated cyclin D1 inhibition by inducing the overexpression of oncogenic microRNA (miRNA)-183 and simultaneously activated cyclin-dependent kinase 6 -mediated cell cycle progression by downregulating tumor-suppressive miRNA-33a. In a mouse xenograft model, TFAP2C promoted lung tumorigenesis and disease aggressiveness via the miR-183 and miR-33a pathways. The study provides a mechanism of mitogenic and oncogenic signaling via two functionally opposed miRNAs and suggests that TFAP2C -induced cell cycle hyperactivation contributes to lung tumorigenesis.
27593936	0	6	TFAP2C	T116,T123	C1529556
27593936	16	20	lung	T023	C0024109
27593936	21	34	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27593936	39	53	aggressiveness	T191	C2945759
27593936	62	69	miR-183	T114,T123	C1101610
27593936	76	83	miR-33a	T114,T123	C1101610
27593936	94	115	cell cycle regulation	T043	C1155872
27593936	116	142	Non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27593936	144	149	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27593936	188	193	death	T040	C0011065
27593936	194	203	worldwide	T098	C2700280
27593936	218	235	molecular targets	T104,T120	C1513403
27593936	269	287	treatment efficacy	T080	C0087113
27593936	298	330	epidermal growth factor receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27593936	332	336	EGFR	T028	C1414313
27593936	339	343	KRAS	T028	C1537502
27593936	344	352	mutation	T045	C0596611
27593936	361	365	lung	T023	C0024109
27593936	366	379	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27593936	404	413	mechanism	T044	C0678659
27593936	417	421	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27593936	424	428	KRAS	T116,T123	C0763464
27593936	442	459	signal activation	UnknownType	C0678666
27593936	477	492	Enhanced TFAP2C	T116,T123	C1529556
27593936	494	553	transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 2C	T116,T123	C1529556
27593936	555	565	expression	T045	C1171362
27593936	569	584	associated with	T080	C0332281
27593936	590	599	prognosis	T201	C3854082
27593936	617	632	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
27593936	679	691	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27593936	695	706	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
27593936	723	728	study	T062	C2603343
27593936	744	750	TFAP2C	T116,T123	C1529556
27593936	751	765	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27593936	770	785	associated with	T080	C0332281
27593936	786	807	cell cycle activation	T043	C0007613
27593936	812	817	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27593936	818	822	cell	T025	C0007634
27593936	823	836	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27593936	853	859	TFAP2C	T116,T123	C1529556
27593936	860	867	blocked	T169	C0332206
27593936	868	874	AKAP12	T116,T123	C1454561
27593936	885	894	cyclin D1	T116,T123	C0174680
27593936	895	905	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27593936	922	936	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27593936	940	958	oncogenic microRNA	T028	C2825314
27593936	959	970	(miRNA)-183	T028	C1537817
27593936	1000	1025	cyclin-dependent kinase 6	T116,T126	C0252132
27593936	1036	1058	cell cycle progression	T043	C1516334
27593936	1062	1076	downregulating	T044	C0013081
27593936	1095	1104	miRNA-33a	T114,T123	C1101610
27593936	1111	1132	mouse xenograft model	T050	C2986594
27593936	1134	1140	TFAP2C	T116,T123	C3712863
27593936	1150	1154	lung	T023	C0024109
27593936	1155	1168	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27593936	1173	1195	disease aggressiveness	T191	C2945759
27593936	1204	1211	miR-183	T114,T123	C1101610
27593936	1216	1223	miR-33a	T114,T123	C1101610
27593936	1224	1232	pathways	T044	C0037080
27593936	1238	1243	study	T062	C2603343
27593936	1255	1264	mechanism	T044	C0678659
27593936	1268	1277	mitogenic	T038	C3537152
27593936	1282	1301	oncogenic signaling	T038	C3537152
27593936	1356	1362	TFAP2C	T116,T123	C1529556
27593936	1372	1398	cell cycle hyperactivation	T043	C0007613
27593936	1414	1418	lung	T023	C0024109
27593936	1419	1432	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263

27594346|t|Recognizing the impact of endemic hepatitis D virus on hepatitis B virus eradication
27594346|a|Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) in conjunction with hepatitis B virus (HBV) increases adult morbidity and mortality. A number of studies have performed cost-benefit analyses for HBV interventions, but they have ignored the impact of HDV on these outcomes. Using a mathematical model of HBV - HDV epidemiology, we compare health benefits and cost outcomes of four interventions: testing with HBV adult vaccination (diagnosis), diagnosis with antiviral treatment for HBV infections (mono - infections), diagnosis with antiviral treatment for HBV - HDV infections (dual - infections), and awareness programs. The relationship between optimal levels and outcomes of each of these interventions and HDV prevalence in HBV infected individuals ranging from 0 to 50% is determined. Over a 50 year period under no intervention, HBV prevalence, per capita total cost and death toll increase by 2.25%, -$11 and 2.6-fold respectively in moderate HDV endemic regions compared to mono - infected regions; the corresponding values for high HDV endemic regions are 4.2%, -$21 and 3.9-fold. Optimal interventions can be strategized similarly in mono and dually endemic regions. Only implementation of all four interventions achieves a very low HBV prevalence of around 1.5% in a moderate HDV endemic region such as China, with 2.8 million fewer deaths compared to no intervention. Although the policy of implementation of all four interventions costs additional $382 billion compared to no intervention, it still remains cost - effective with an incremental cost - effectiveness ratio of $1400/ QALY. Very high efficacy awareness programs achieve less prevalence with fewer deaths at a lower cost compared to treatment and/or vaccination programs. HDV substantially affects the performance of any HBV - related intervention. Its exclusion results in over-estimation of the effectiveness of HBV interventions.
27594346	16	22	impact	T080	C4049986
27594346	26	51	endemic hepatitis D virus	T005	C0011220
27594346	55	72	hepatitis B virus	T005	C0019169
27594346	73	84	eradication	T058	C3178994
27594346	85	106	Hepatitis delta virus	T005	C0011220
27594346	108	111	HDV	T005	C0011220
27594346	116	127	conjunction	T078	C2699427
27594346	133	150	hepatitis B virus	T005	C0019169
27594346	152	155	HBV	T005	C0019169
27594346	157	166	increases	T169	C0442805
27594346	167	172	adult	T100	C0001675
27594346	173	182	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27594346	187	196	mortality	T081	C0205848
27594346	200	206	number	T081	C0237753
27594346	210	217	studies	T062	C2603343
27594346	223	232	performed	T169	C0884358
27594346	233	254	cost-benefit analyses	T057	C0010174
27594346	259	262	HBV	T005	C0019169
27594346	263	276	interventions	T061	C0184661
27594346	292	299	ignored	T078	C1554079
27594346	304	310	impact	T080	C4049986
27594346	314	317	HDV	T005	C0011220
27594346	327	335	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27594346	345	363	mathematical model	T170	C0876936
27594346	367	370	HBV	T005	C0019169
27594346	373	376	HDV	T005	C0011220
27594346	377	389	epidemiology	T169	C0014508
27594346	394	401	compare	T052	C1707455
27594346	402	417	health benefits	T081	C0086387
27594346	422	426	cost	T081	C0010186
27594346	427	435	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27594346	439	443	four	T081	C0205450
27594346	444	457	interventions	T061	C0184661
27594346	459	466	testing	T169	C0039593
27594346	472	475	HBV	T005	C0019169
27594346	476	481	adult	T100	C0001675
27594346	482	493	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27594346	495	504	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27594346	507	516	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27594346	522	541	antiviral treatment	T061	C2363964
27594346	546	560	HBV infections	T047	C0019163
27594346	562	566	mono	T081	C0205171
27594346	569	579	infections	T046	C3714514
27594346	582	591	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27594346	597	616	antiviral treatment	T061	C2363964
27594346	621	624	HBV	T005	C0019169
27594346	627	630	HDV	T005	C0011220
27594346	631	641	infections	T046	C3714514
27594346	643	647	dual	T080	C1706942
27594346	650	660	infections	T046	C3714514
27594346	677	685	programs	T169	C3484370
27594346	691	703	relationship	T080	C0439849
27594346	712	719	optimal	T080	C2698651
27594346	720	726	levels	T080	C0441889
27594346	731	739	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27594346	757	770	interventions	T061	C0184661
27594346	775	778	HDV	T005	C0011220
27594346	779	789	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27594346	793	796	HBV	T005	C0019169
27594346	797	805	infected	T033	C0439663
27594346	806	817	individuals	T098	C0027361
27594346	855	859	Over	T079	C0347984
27594346	865	869	year	T079	C0439234
27594346	870	876	period	T079	C1948053
27594346	883	898	no intervention	T033	C0243095
27594346	900	903	HBV	T005	C0019169
27594346	904	914	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27594346	916	926	per capita	T081	C0392762
27594346	927	932	total	T080	C0439810
27594346	933	937	cost	T081	C0010186
27594346	942	947	death	T033	C1306577
27594346	948	952	toll	T080	C0439810
27594346	953	961	increase	T169	C0442805
27594346	1006	1014	moderate	T080	C1881878
27594346	1015	1018	HDV	T005	C0011220
27594346	1027	1034	regions	UnknownType	C0681784
27594346	1035	1043	compared	T052	C1707455
27594346	1047	1051	mono	T081	C0205171
27594346	1054	1062	infected	T033	C0439663
27594346	1063	1070	regions	UnknownType	C0681784
27594346	1090	1096	values	T080	C0042295
27594346	1101	1105	high	T080	C0205250
27594346	1106	1109	HDV	T005	C0011220
27594346	1118	1125	regions	UnknownType	C0681784
27594346	1155	1162	Optimal	T080	C2698651
27594346	1163	1176	interventions	T061	C0184661
27594346	1196	1205	similarly	T080	C2348205
27594346	1209	1213	mono	T081	C0205171
27594346	1218	1224	dually	T080	C1706942
27594346	1233	1240	regions	UnknownType	C0681784
27594346	1247	1261	implementation	T052	C1708476
27594346	1269	1273	four	T081	C0205450
27594346	1274	1287	interventions	T061	C0184661
27594346	1288	1296	achieves	T033	C0432600
27594346	1304	1307	low	T080	C0205251
27594346	1308	1311	HBV	T005	C0019169
27594346	1312	1322	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27594346	1352	1355	HDV	T005	C0011220
27594346	1364	1370	region	UnknownType	C0681784
27594346	1379	1384	China	T083	C0008115
27594346	1395	1402	million	T081	C1881839
27594346	1403	1408	fewer	T081	C1611820
27594346	1409	1415	deaths	T081	C0205848
27594346	1416	1424	compared	T052	C1707455
27594346	1428	1443	no intervention	T033	C0243095
27594346	1458	1464	policy	T170	C0242456
27594346	1468	1482	implementation	T052	C1708476
27594346	1490	1494	four	T081	C0205450
27594346	1495	1508	interventions	T061	C0184661
27594346	1509	1514	costs	T081	C0010186
27594346	1515	1525	additional	T169	C1524062
27594346	1531	1538	billion	T081	C0392762
27594346	1539	1547	compared	T052	C1707455
27594346	1551	1566	no intervention	T033	C0243095
27594346	1585	1589	cost	T081	C0010186
27594346	1592	1601	effective	T080	C1704419
27594346	1610	1621	incremental	T081	C1705117
27594346	1622	1626	cost	T081	C0010186
27594346	1629	1642	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27594346	1643	1648	ratio	T081	C0456603
27594346	1659	1663	QALY	T079	C0080071
27594346	1670	1674	high	T080	C0205250
27594346	1675	1683	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27594346	1694	1702	programs	T169	C3484370
27594346	1711	1715	less	T080	C0205251
27594346	1716	1726	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27594346	1732	1737	fewer	T081	C1611820
27594346	1738	1744	deaths	T081	C0205848
27594346	1750	1755	lower	T080	C0205251
27594346	1756	1760	cost	T081	C0010186
27594346	1761	1769	compared	T052	C1707455
27594346	1773	1782	treatment	T061	C0087111
27594346	1790	1801	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27594346	1802	1810	programs	T169	C3484370
27594346	1812	1815	HDV	T005	C0011220
27594346	1842	1853	performance	T052	C1882330
27594346	1861	1864	HBV	T005	C0019169
27594346	1867	1874	related	T078	C1254370
27594346	1875	1887	intervention	T061	C0184661
27594346	1893	1902	exclusion	T052	C2828389
27594346	1937	1950	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27594346	1954	1957	HBV	T005	C0019169
27594346	1958	1971	interventions	T061	C0184661

27594695|t|Factors associated with delayed screening of contacts of tuberculosis cases in the Somme, France
27594695|a|To analyze the factors associated with the time to initiating tuberculosis contact investigations in the Somme department, France. All reported tuberculosis cases and all their contacts screened between 2007 and 2011 were retrospectively included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with a "system delay "≤1 month and a " contact delay "≤0 days. The mean time between the mandatory notification of a case of tuberculosis and the date set for the contact 's screening (system delay) was 35.3 days and the average time between that date and when the contact was actually screened (contact delay) was 12.5 days. In multivariate analysis, a smear-positive sputum sample (OR: 3.68; 95% CI: 1.63-8.30) and a diagnosis at the university hospital (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.14-5.96) were significantly associated with a system delay ≤1 month. A smear-positive sputum sample (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.08-1.69), male gender (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01-1.49), being born in a foreign country (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.02-1.69), being a family member (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05-1.77), or being another type of close contact of the case (OR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.81-3.36) were significantly associated with a contact delay ≤0 days. System and contact delays were longer than recommended, and the factors associated with the lengthening of these delays need to be taken into account.
27594695	0	7	Factors	T169	C1521761
27594695	8	23	associated with	T080	C0332281
27594695	24	31	delayed	T079	C0205421
27594695	32	41	screening	T058	C1710032
27594695	45	53	contacts	T033	C0850665
27594695	57	69	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27594695	70	75	cases	T077	C1706256
27594695	83	88	Somme	T073	C3273359
27594695	90	96	France	T083	C0016674
27594695	100	107	analyze	T062	C0936012
27594695	112	119	factors	T169	C1521761
27594695	120	135	associated with	T080	C0332281
27594695	140	144	time	T079	C0040223
27594695	159	171	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27594695	172	179	contact	T033	C0850665
27594695	180	194	investigations	T058	C1261322
27594695	202	218	Somme department	T073	C3273359
27594695	220	226	France	T083	C0016674
27594695	232	240	reported	T058	C0700287
27594695	241	253	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27594695	254	259	cases	T077	C1706256
27594695	274	282	contacts	T033	C0850665
27594695	283	291	screened	T058	C1710032
27594695	319	334	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27594695	345	355	Univariate	T062	C0683962
27594695	360	381	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
27594695	414	421	factors	T169	C1521761
27594695	422	437	associated with	T080	C0332281
27594695	448	453	delay	T079	C0205421
27594695	458	463	month	T079	C0439231
27594695	472	479	contact	T033	C0850665
27594695	480	485	delay	T079	C0205421
27594695	480	485	delay	T079	C0205421
27594695	490	494	days	T079	C0439228
27594695	500	509	mean time	T079	C0040223
27594695	522	531	mandatory	T169	C1514873
27594695	532	544	notification	T061	C0419803
27594695	550	554	case	T077	C1706256
27594695	558	570	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27594695	579	583	date	T078	C1548309
27594695	596	603	contact	T033	C0850665
27594695	607	616	screening	T058	C1710032
27594695	625	630	delay	T079	C0205421
27594695	641	645	days	T079	C0439228
27594695	654	666	average time	T079	C0040223
27594695	680	684	date	T078	C1548309
27594695	698	705	contact	T033	C0850665
27594695	719	727	screened	T058	C1710032
27594695	729	736	contact	T033	C0850665
27594695	737	742	delay	T079	C0205421
27594695	753	757	days	T079	C0439228
27594695	762	783	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27594695	787	815	smear-positive sputum sample	T031	C0444159
27594695	852	861	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27594695	869	888	university hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
27594695	938	953	associated with	T080	C0332281
27594695	963	968	delay	T079	C0205421
27594695	972	977	month	T079	C0439231
27594695	981	1009	smear-positive sputum sample	T031	C0444159
27594695	1041	1045	male	T032	C0086582
27594695	1046	1052	gender	T032	C0079399
27594695	1100	1115	foreign country	T083	C0454664
27594695	1155	1168	family member	T099	C0086282
27594695	1231	1238	contact	T033	C0850665
27594695	1246	1250	case	T077	C1706256
27594695	1300	1315	associated with	T080	C0332281
27594695	1318	1325	contact	T033	C0850665
27594695	1326	1331	delay	T079	C0205421
27594695	1335	1339	days	T079	C0439228
27594695	1352	1359	contact	T033	C0850665
27594695	1360	1366	delays	T079	C0205421
27594695	1384	1395	recommended	T078	C0034866
27594695	1405	1412	factors	T169	C1521761
27594695	1413	1428	associated with	T080	C0332281
27594695	1454	1460	delays	T079	C0205421

27595710|t|The MEssaging for Diabetes Intervention Reduced Barriers to Medication Adherence Among Low-Income, Diverse Adults With Type 2
27595710|a|Nonadherence to diabetes medication is prevalent and costly. MEssaging for Diabetes (MED), a mobile health (mHealth) intervention, identified and addressed user -specific barriers to medication adherence. We assessed whether MED reduced users ' targeted barriers and if barrier reductions were associated with within-participant improvements in adherence or glycemic control (HbA1c). Adults (N = 80) with type 2 diabetes completed self-report measures identifying barriers to adherence at baseline and monthly for 3 months. At each assessment, 17 barriers were assessed and ranked for each user. Each subsequent month, users received daily text messages addressing their 3 highest ranked barriers. Targeted barriers were different for each participant and could change monthly. Paired t-tests assessed within-participant improvement in targeted barriers each month, and nested regression models assessed if changes in a participant's barrier scores were associated with improvements in adherence and HbA1c. Participants were 69% non-white and 82% had incomes <$25K. Average HbA1c was 8.2 ± 2.0%. Assessment completion rates were 100% at baseline, 59% at 1 month, 30% at 2 months, and 65% at 3 months. The most commonly reported barriers were the cost of medications (76%), believing medications are harmful (58%), and lacking information about medications (53%). Participants ' barrier scores improved each month and barrier improvement predicted adherence assessed via nightly adherence assessment text messages (P < .001). Among participants who completed assessments each month, barrier improvement in months 2 and 3 (P < .05) predicted HbA1c improvement. Iterative, individual tailoring may overcome users ' barriers to adherence. Attrition is a challenge for mHealth interventions among low-income patients.
27595710	4	26	MEssaging for Diabetes	T058	C1254363
27595710	27	39	Intervention	T061	C0184661
27595710	48	56	Barriers	T080	C0679881
27595710	60	80	Medication Adherence	T033	C2364172
27595710	87	97	Low-Income	T033	C1331016
27595710	107	113	Adults	T100	C0001675
27595710	119	125	Type 2	T047	C0011860
27595710	126	138	Nonadherence	T033	C0746935
27595710	142	150	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27595710	151	161	medication	T058	C2081612
27595710	187	209	MEssaging for Diabetes	T058	C1254363
27595710	211	214	MED	T058	C1254363
27595710	219	232	mobile health	T058	C2718080
27595710	234	241	mHealth	T058	C2718080
27595710	243	255	intervention	T061	C0184661
27595710	282	286	user	T098	C1706077
27595710	297	305	barriers	T080	C0679881
27595710	309	329	medication adherence	T033	C2364172
27595710	351	354	MED	T058	C1254363
27595710	363	368	users	T098	C1706077
27595710	380	388	barriers	T080	C0679881
27595710	396	403	barrier	T080	C0679881
27595710	436	454	within-participant	T098	C0679646
27595710	471	480	adherence	T169	C1510802
27595710	484	500	glycemic control	T080	C0205556
27595710	502	507	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27595710	510	516	Adults	T100	C0001675
27595710	531	546	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27595710	590	598	barriers	T080	C0679881
27595710	602	611	adherence	T169	C1510802
27595710	628	635	monthly	T079	C0332177
27595710	642	648	months	T079	C0439231
27595710	658	668	assessment	T058	C0220825
27595710	673	681	barriers	T080	C0679881
27595710	716	720	user	T098	C1706077
27595710	738	743	month	T079	C0439231
27595710	745	750	users	T098	C1706077
27595710	766	779	text messages	T170	C3178910
27595710	814	822	barriers	T080	C0679881
27595710	833	841	barriers	T080	C0679881
27595710	866	877	participant	T098	C0679646
27595710	895	902	monthly	T079	C0332177
27595710	911	918	t-tests	T170	C0871472
27595710	928	946	within-participant	T098	C0679646
27595710	971	979	barriers	T080	C0679881
27595710	985	990	month	T079	C0439231
27595710	1003	1020	regression models	T170	C3161035
27595710	1046	1059	participant's	T098	C0679646
27595710	1112	1121	adherence	T169	C1510802
27595710	1126	1131	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27595710	1133	1145	Participants	T098	C0679646
27595710	1200	1205	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27595710	1282	1287	month	T079	C0439231
27595710	1298	1304	months	T079	C0439231
27595710	1319	1325	months	T079	C0439231
27595710	1354	1362	barriers	T080	C0679881
27595710	1372	1376	cost	T081	C0010186
27595710	1380	1391	medications	T058	C2081612
27595710	1409	1420	medications	T058	C2081612
27595710	1470	1481	medications	T058	C2081612
27595710	1489	1501	Participants	T098	C0679646
27595710	1504	1511	barrier	T080	C0679881
27595710	1533	1538	month	T079	C0439231
27595710	1543	1550	barrier	T080	C0679881
27595710	1573	1582	adherence	T169	C1510802
27595710	1604	1613	adherence	T169	C1510802
27595710	1625	1638	text messages	T170	C3178910
27595710	1657	1669	participants	T098	C0679646
27595710	1701	1706	month	T079	C0439231
27595710	1708	1715	barrier	T080	C0679881
27595710	1731	1737	months	T079	C0439231
27595710	1766	1771	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27595710	1830	1835	users	T098	C1706077
27595710	1838	1846	barriers	T080	C0679881
27595710	1850	1859	adherence	T169	C1510802
27595710	1890	1897	mHealth	T058	C2718080
27595710	1898	1911	interventions	T061	C0184661
27595710	1918	1928	low-income	T033	C1331016
27595710	1929	1937	patients	T101	C0030705

27596135|t|Circulating progenitor cells and coronary microvascular dysfunction: Results from the NHLBI -sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation - Coronary Vascular Dysfunction Study (WISE-CVD)
27596135|a|Ischemia stimulates a reparative response resulting in mobilization of circulating progenitor cells (CPCs). We hypothesized that women with chronic myocardial ischemia from coronary microvascular disease (CMD) will mobilize CPCs. In 123 women with ischemic symptoms and signs but no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) enrolled in the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation - Coronary Vascular Dysfunction Study (WISE-CVD), we measured coronary flow reserve (CFR) in response to intracoronary adenosine. Peripheral blood CPCs were measured using flow cytometry for expression of CD34, CD133, CXCR4, and VEGFR2. Subjects were 53 ± 11 years, BMI 30 ± 8; 44% hypertensive, 11% diabetic, 23% hyperlipidemic and 7% smokers. Lower CFR correlated inversely with higher levels of hematopoietic -enriched CD34+ (r = -0.23, p = 0.011), CD34+ / CD133+ (r = -0.24, p = 0.008), and CD34+ / CXCR4+ (r = -0.19, p = 0.036) cells. In multivariable regression analyses, after adjusting for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, lower CFR remained significantly associated with elevated levels of CD34+ (β -0.18, p = 0.042), CD34+ / CD133+ (β -0.24, p = 0.036), and CD34+ / CXCR4+ (β -0.22, p = 0.050) cells. We found no association between CFR and CD34+ / VEGFR2+ cells. In women with non-obstructive CAD, impaired CFR is associated with higher levels of CPCs, suggesting that chronic myocardial ischemia from CMD stimulates CPC mobilization. The functional significance of elevated CPCs in these subjects requires further investigation as a potential biomarker and treatment target.
27596135	0	28	Circulating progenitor cells	T025	C3850017
27596135	33	67	coronary microvascular dysfunction	T047	C2827469
27596135	86	91	NHLBI	T093	C1955970
27596135	103	110	Women's	T098	C0043210
27596135	111	128	Ischemia Syndrome	T047	C0151744
27596135	129	139	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27596135	142	171	Coronary Vascular Dysfunction	T047	C2827469
27596135	172	177	Study	T062	C2603343
27596135	179	187	WISE-CVD	T033	C0422739
27596135	189	197	Ischemia	T046	C0022116
27596135	198	208	stimulates	T033	C0243095
27596135	244	256	mobilization	T169	C0300926
27596135	260	288	circulating progenitor cells	T025	C3850017
27596135	260	288	circulating progenitor cells	T025	C3850017
27596135	290	294	CPCs	T025	C3850017
27596135	318	323	women	T098	C0043210
27596135	329	356	chronic myocardial ischemia	T047	C0264694
27596135	362	392	coronary microvascular disease	T047	C2827469
27596135	394	397	CMD	T047	C2827469
27596135	413	417	CPCs	T025	C3850017
27596135	437	445	ischemic	T169	C0475224
27596135	446	464	symptoms and signs	T184	C0037088
27596135	469	483	no obstructive	T169	C0205304
27596135	484	507	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010054
27596135	509	512	CAD	T047	C0010054
27596135	530	537	Women's	T098	C0043210
27596135	538	555	Ischemia Syndrome	T047	C0151744
27596135	556	566	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27596135	569	598	Coronary Vascular Dysfunction	T047	C2827469
27596135	599	604	Study	T062	C2603343
27596135	606	614	WISE-CVD	T033	C0422739
27596135	620	650	measured coronary flow reserve	T060	C0199680
27596135	652	655	CFR	T060	C0199680
27596135	660	668	response	T032	C0871261
27596135	686	695	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27596135	697	713	Peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27596135	714	718	CPCs	T025	C3850017
27596135	724	732	measured	T080	C0444706
27596135	739	753	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27596135	758	768	expression	T045	C1171362
27596135	772	776	CD34	T116,T129	C0054953
27596135	778	783	CD133	T116,T129	C0673028
27596135	785	790	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
27596135	796	802	VEGFR2	T116,T126,T192	C3849882
27596135	804	812	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27596135	833	836	BMI	T201	C1305855
27596135	849	861	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
27596135	867	875	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27596135	881	895	hyperlipidemic	T047	C0020473
27596135	903	910	smokers	T033	C0337664
27596135	912	917	Lower	T052	C2003888
27596135	918	921	CFR	T060	C0199680
27596135	922	932	correlated	T080	C1707520
27596135	948	954	higher	T080	C0205250
27596135	955	961	levels	T080	C0441889
27596135	965	978	hematopoietic	T169	C0229601
27596135	989	994	CD34+	T116,T129	C0054953
27596135	1019	1024	CD34+	T116,T129	C0054953
27596135	1027	1033	CD133+	T116,T129	C0673028
27596135	1062	1067	CD34+	T116,T129	C0054953
27596135	1070	1076	CXCR4+	T116,T192	C2352110
27596135	1100	1105	cells	T025	C0007634
27596135	1110	1143	multivariable regression analyses	T170	C0034980
27596135	1177	1204	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
27596135	1206	1211	lower	T052	C2003888
27596135	1212	1215	CFR	T060	C0199680
27596135	1239	1254	associated with	T080	C0332281
27596135	1255	1263	elevated	T080	C3163633
27596135	1264	1270	levels	T080	C0441889
27596135	1274	1279	CD34+	T116,T129	C0054953
27596135	1302	1307	CD34+	T116,T129	C0054953
27596135	1310	1316	CD133+	T116,T129	C0673028
27596135	1343	1348	CD34+	T116,T129	C0054953
27596135	1351	1357	CXCR4+	T116,T192	C2352110
27596135	1379	1384	cells	T025	C0007634
27596135	1418	1421	CFR	T060	C0199680
27596135	1426	1431	CD34+	T116,T129	C0054953
27596135	1434	1441	VEGFR2+	T116,T126,T192	C3849882
27596135	1442	1447	cells	T025	C0007634
27596135	1452	1457	women	T098	C0043210
27596135	1463	1478	non-obstructive	T169	C0205304
27596135	1479	1482	CAD	T047	C0010054
27596135	1493	1496	CFR	T060	C0199680
27596135	1500	1515	associated with	T080	C0332281
27596135	1516	1522	higher	T080	C0205250
27596135	1523	1529	levels	T080	C0441889
27596135	1533	1537	CPCs	T025	C3850017
27596135	1555	1582	chronic myocardial ischemia	T047	C0264694
27596135	1588	1591	CMD	T047	C2827469
27596135	1592	1602	stimulates	T033	C0243095
27596135	1603	1606	CPC	T025	C3850017
27596135	1607	1619	mobilization	T169	C0300926
27596135	1625	1635	functional	T169	C0205245
27596135	1636	1648	significance	T078	C0750502
27596135	1652	1660	elevated	T080	C3163633
27596135	1661	1665	CPCs	T025	C3850017
27596135	1675	1683	subjects	T098	C0080105
27596135	1701	1714	investigation	T058	C0220825
27596135	1720	1729	potential	T080	C3245505
27596135	1730	1739	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27596135	1744	1753	treatment	T061	C0087111
27596135	1754	1760	target	T169	C1521840

27596934|t|Comparison of methods for isolating primary hepatocytes from mini pigs
27596934|a|Successful porcine hepatocyte isolation is crucial for the development of bioartificial liver devices and hepatocyte transplantation. Serva collagenase NB grades are formulated collagenases that are suitable for various tissue isolation applications. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) can improve the viability of human hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two collagenases and effect of NAC on hepatocyte isolation from porcine liver tissue. Porcine hepatocytes were isolated using the perfusion method from Bama mini pigs assigned to the Serva NB 4 group (n=6), the Serva NB 8 group (n=6), or the NB 8 + NAC group (n=6). Viability and yield were defined as fresh hepatocytes and their spheroids formation after 24-hour rocker culture in serum-free medium. Metabolic function was assessed by gene expression, albumin, and urea synthesis. All procedures resulted in successful hepatocyte isolation. Cells from the NB 8 + NAC group had (97.8±1.9)% viability, which was higher than the NB 8 group with (94.4±2.4)% and the NB 4 group with (94.5±3.2)% (P<.001). The final cell yield reached (11.8±1.0)×10(9) cells in the NB 8 + NAC group, compared to (9.5±2.1)×10(9) cells in the NB 8 group (P<.01) and (9.1±1.1) ×10(9) cells in the NB 4 group (P<.001). The secretion of albumin was superior in the NB 8 + NAC group at a concentration of (425.8±35.3) ng/mL compared to the NB 8 group (339.1±32.6) ng/mL (P <.001) and NB 4 group (293.6±43.3) ng/mL (P <.01). The injury of hepatocytes also decreased in the NB 8 + NAC group (P<.01). The data are presented as means ± SD. Formulated collagenase Serva NB 8 and NAC could improve the porcine hepatocyte isolation, resulting in higher yields of viable cells.
27596934	26	35	isolating	T059	C0220862
27596934	36	43	primary	T080	C0205225
27596934	44	55	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
27596934	61	70	mini pigs	T015	C0039011
27596934	82	89	porcine	T015	C0039005
27596934	90	100	hepatocyte	T025	C0227525
27596934	101	110	isolation	T059	C0220862
27596934	130	141	development	T169	C1527148
27596934	145	172	bioartificial liver devices	T074	C0336562
27596934	177	203	hepatocyte transplantation	T061	C1998344
27596934	205	232	Serva collagenase NB grades	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	248	260	collagenases	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	291	297	tissue	T024	C0040300
27596934	298	307	isolation	T059	C0220862
27596934	322	338	N-acetylcysteine	T116,T121	C0001047
27596934	340	343	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
27596934	361	370	viability	T080	C0443348
27596934	374	379	human	T016	C0086418
27596934	380	391	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
27596934	434	447	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27596934	455	467	collagenases	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	472	481	effect of	T080	C1704420
27596934	482	485	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
27596934	489	499	hepatocyte	T025	C0227525
27596934	500	509	isolation	T059	C0220862
27596934	515	522	porcine	T015	C0039005
27596934	523	535	liver tissue	T023	C0736268
27596934	537	544	Porcine	T015	C0039005
27596934	545	556	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
27596934	562	570	isolated	T059	C0220862
27596934	581	597	perfusion method	T061	C0031001
27596934	608	617	mini pigs	T015	C0039011
27596934	634	644	Serva NB 4	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	645	650	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	662	672	Serva NB 8	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	673	678	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	693	697	NB 8	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	700	703	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
27596934	704	709	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	717	726	Viability	T080	C0443348
27596934	759	770	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
27596934	781	800	spheroids formation	T033	C1844596
27596934	815	829	rocker culture	T059	C0430400
27596934	833	850	serum-free medium	T130	C0085414
27596934	852	870	Metabolic function	T040	C0025519
27596934	887	902	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27596934	904	911	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27596934	917	921	urea	T109,T121,T123	C0041942
27596934	922	931	synthesis	T038	C0220781
27596934	971	981	hepatocyte	T025	C0227525
27596934	982	991	isolation	T059	C0220862
27596934	993	998	Cells	T025	C0007634
27596934	1008	1012	NB 8	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1015	1018	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
27596934	1019	1024	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	1041	1050	viability	T080	C0443348
27596934	1078	1082	NB 8	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1083	1088	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	1114	1118	NB 4	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1119	1124	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	1162	1166	cell	T025	C0007634
27596934	1198	1203	cells	T025	C0007634
27596934	1211	1215	NB 8	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1218	1221	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
27596934	1222	1227	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	1257	1262	cells	T025	C0007634
27596934	1270	1274	NB 8	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1275	1280	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	1310	1315	cells	T025	C0007634
27596934	1323	1327	NB 4	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1328	1333	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	1348	1357	secretion	T038	C0036536
27596934	1361	1368	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27596934	1389	1393	NB 8	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1396	1399	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
27596934	1400	1405	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	1463	1467	NB 8	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1468	1473	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	1507	1511	NB 4	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1512	1517	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	1551	1557	injury	T037	C0178314
27596934	1561	1572	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
27596934	1595	1599	NB 8	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1602	1605	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
27596934	1606	1611	group	T078	C0441833
27596934	1647	1657	means ± SD	T081	C0444504
27596934	1670	1692	collagenase Serva NB 8	T116,T121,T126	C0162745
27596934	1697	1700	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
27596934	1719	1726	porcine	T015	C0039005
27596934	1727	1737	hepatocyte	T025	C0227525
27596934	1738	1747	isolation	T059	C0220862
27596934	1779	1791	viable cells	T025	C1441322

27597857|t|Mining for Candidate Genes in an Introgression Line by Using RNA Sequencing: The Anthocyanin Overaccumulation Phenotype in Brassica
27597857|a|Introgression breeding is a widely used method for the genetic improvement of crop plants; however, the mechanism underlying candidate gene flow patterns during hybridization is poorly understood. In this study, we used a powerful pipeline to investigate a Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis) introgression line with the anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype. Our purpose was to analyze the gene flow patterns during hybridization and elucidate the genetic factors responsible for the accumulation of this important pigment compound. We performed RNA-seq analysis by using two pipelines, one with and one without a reference sequence, to obtain transcriptome data. We identified 930 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the purple - leaf introgression line and B. rapa green cultivar, namely, 389 up-regulated and 541 down-regulated DEGs that mapped to the B. rapa reference genome. Since only one anthocyanin pathway regulatory gene was identified, i.e., Bra037887 (bHLH), we mined unmapped reads, revealing 2031 de novo assembled unigenes, including c3563g1i2. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that c3563g1i2, which was transferred from the Brassica B genome of the donor parental line Brassica juncea, may represent an R2R3-MYB transcription factor that participates in the ternary transcriptional activation complex responsible for the anthocyanin overaccumulation phenotype of the B. rapa introgression line. We also identified genes involved in cold and light reaction pathways that were highly upregulated in the introgression line, as confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The results of this study shed light on the mechanisms underlying the purple leaf trait in Brassica plants and may facilitate the use of introgressive hybridization for many traits of interest.
27597857	11	26	Candidate Genes	T045	C0017393
27597857	33	51	Introgression Line	T045	C1565556
27597857	61	75	RNA Sequencing	T059,T063	C0162803
27597857	81	92	Anthocyanin	T109	C0003161
27597857	93	109	Overaccumulation	T033	C4055506
27597857	110	119	Phenotype	T032	C0031437
27597857	123	131	Brassica	T002	C0034670
27597857	132	145	Introgression	T045	C1565556
27597857	146	154	breeding	T040	C0006159
27597857	187	206	genetic improvement	T061	C0017296
27597857	210	221	crop plants	T002	C0242775
27597857	257	271	candidate gene	T045	C0017393
27597857	272	276	flow	T045	C1565556
27597857	293	306	hybridization	T070	C0376343
27597857	389	404	Chinese cabbage	T002	C0034670
27597857	406	438	Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis	T002	C0034670
27597857	440	458	introgression line	T045	C1565556
27597857	468	479	anthocyanin	T109	C0003161
27597857	480	496	overaccumulation	T033	C4055506
27597857	497	506	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27597857	539	548	gene flow	T045	C1565556
27597857	565	578	hybridization	T070	C0376343
27597857	597	604	genetic	T169	C0314603
27597857	605	612	factors	T169	C1521761
27597857	633	645	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27597857	664	671	pigment	T120	C0031916
27597857	695	711	RNA-seq analysis	T059,T063	C0162803
27597857	740	744	with	T169	C1524063
27597857	753	760	without	T080	C0332288
27597857	763	781	reference sequence	T033	C1953367
27597857	793	806	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27597857	807	811	data	T078	C1511726
27597857	845	859	differentially	T080	C0443199
27597857	860	869	expressed	T045	C0017262
27597857	870	875	genes	T028	C0017337
27597857	877	881	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27597857	895	901	purple	T080	C0439542
27597857	904	908	leaf	T002	C0242724
27597857	909	927	introgression line	T045	C1565556
27597857	932	954	B. rapa green cultivar	T002	C0034670
27597857	968	980	up-regulated	T045	C0162493
27597857	989	1003	down-regulated	T045	C0920533
27597857	1004	1008	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27597857	1014	1020	mapped	T059,T063	C0008630
27597857	1028	1035	B. rapa	T002	C0034670
27597857	1036	1052	reference genome	T033	C1953367
27597857	1069	1080	anthocyanin	T109	C0003161
27597857	1081	1104	pathway regulatory gene	T028	C0017362
27597857	1203	1211	unigenes	T028	C0017337
27597857	1223	1232	c3563g1i2	T028	C0017337
27597857	1234	1255	Phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27597857	1271	1280	c3563g1i2	T028	C0017337
27597857	1313	1330	Brassica B genome	T028	C0017428
27597857	1344	1352	parental	T169	C0302891
27597857	1358	1373	Brassica juncea	T002	C0996764
27597857	1392	1421	R2R3-MYB transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27597857	1510	1521	anthocyanin	T109	C0003161
27597857	1522	1538	overaccumulation	T033	C4055506
27597857	1539	1548	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27597857	1556	1563	B. rapa	T002	C0034670
27597857	1564	1582	introgression line	T045	C1565556
27597857	1603	1608	genes	T028	C0017337
27597857	1621	1625	cold	T070	C0009264
27597857	1630	1635	light	T070	C0023693
27597857	1636	1653	reaction pathways	T044	C1704259
27597857	1671	1682	upregulated	T045	C0162493
27597857	1690	1708	introgression line	T045	C1565556
27597857	1729	1764	quantitative real-time PCR analysis	T063	C3179034
27597857	1836	1842	purple	T080	C0439542
27597857	1843	1847	leaf	T002	C0242724
27597857	1848	1853	trait	T032	C0599883
27597857	1857	1872	Brassica plants	T002	C0034670
27597857	1903	1916	introgressive	T045	C1565556
27597857	1917	1930	hybridization	T070	C0376343

27597994|t|The C Isoform of Dictyostelium Tetraspanins Localizes to the Contractile Vacuole and Contributes to Resistance against Osmotic Stress
27597994|a|Tetraspanins (Tsps) are membrane proteins that are widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms. Only recently, Tsps have started to acquire relevance as potential new drug targets as they contribute, via protein-protein interactions, to numerous pathophysiological processes including infectious diseases and cancer. However, due to a high number of isoforms and functional redundancy, knowledge on specific functions of most Tsps is still scarce. We set out to characterize five previously annotated Tsps, TspA-E, from Dictyostelium discoideum, a model for studying proteins that have human orthologues. Using reverse transcriptase PCRs, we found mRNAs for TspA-E in the multicellular slug stage, whereas vegetative cells expressed only TspA, TspC and, to a lesser extent, TspD. We raised antibodies against TspA, TspC and TspD and detected endogenous TspA, as well as heterologously expressed TspA and TspC by Western blot. N-deglycosylation assays and mutational analyses showed glycosylation of TspA and TspC in vivo. GFP -tagged Tsps co-localized with the proton pump on the contractile vacuole network. Deletion strains of TspC and TspD exibited unaltered growth, adhesion, random motility and development. Yet, tspC- cells showed a defect in coping with hypo-osmotic stress, due to accumulation of contractile vacuoles, but heterologous expression of TspC rescued their phenotype. In conclusion, our data fill a gap in Dictyostelium research and open up the possibility that Tsps in contractile vacuoles of e.g. Trypanosoma may one day constitute a valuable drug target for treating sleeping sickness, one of the most threatening tropical diseases.
27597994	4	13	C Isoform	T116	C0597298
27597994	17	30	Dictyostelium	T204	C0012120
27597994	61	80	Contractile Vacuole	T026	C1167021
27597994	100	110	Resistance	T039	C1514892
27597994	119	133	Osmotic Stress	T070	C3661513
27597994	134	146	Tetraspanins	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	148	152	Tsps	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	158	175	membrane proteins	T116,T123	C0025252
27597994	192	201	expressed	T045	C1171362
27597994	205	225	eukaryotic organisms	T204	C0684063
27597994	242	246	Tsps	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	298	310	drug targets	T074	C0085104
27597994	335	363	protein-protein interactions	T044	C0872079
27597994	377	405	pathophysiological processes	T046	C0277785
27597994	416	435	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
27597994	440	446	cancer	T191	C0006826
27597994	481	489	isoforms	T116	C0597298
27597994	505	515	redundancy	T169	C1313915
27597994	539	548	functions	T169	C0542341
27597994	557	561	Tsps	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	632	636	Tsps	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	638	644	TspA-E	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	651	675	Dictyostelium discoideum	T204	C0086149
27597994	698	706	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27597994	717	722	human	T016	C0086418
27597994	723	734	orthologues	T028	C1335144
27597994	742	768	reverse transcriptase PCRs	T063	C0599161
27597994	779	784	mRNAs	T028	C0017337
27597994	789	795	TspA-E	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	803	827	multicellular slug stage	T079	C0023675
27597994	837	853	vegetative cells	T025	C0007634
27597994	854	863	expressed	T045	C1171362
27597994	869	873	TspA	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	875	879	TspC	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	905	909	TspD	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	921	931	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27597994	940	944	TspA	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	946	950	TspC	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	955	959	TspD	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	973	983	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27597994	984	988	TspA	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	1001	1015	heterologously	T080	C0439860
27597994	1016	1025	expressed	T045	C1171362
27597994	1026	1030	TspA	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	1035	1039	TspC	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	1043	1055	Western blot	T059	C0949466
27597994	1057	1074	N-deglycosylation	T044	C1157972
27597994	1075	1081	assays	T059	C0005507
27597994	1086	1105	mutational analyses	T059,T063	C0012878
27597994	1113	1126	glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27597994	1130	1134	TspA	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	1139	1143	TspC	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	1144	1151	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27597994	1153	1156	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27597994	1165	1169	Tsps	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	1192	1203	proton pump	T116,T126	C0018440
27597994	1211	1238	contractile vacuole network	T043	C2246712
27597994	1240	1256	Deletion strains	T001	C1518614
27597994	1260	1264	TspC	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	1269	1273	TspD	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	1283	1299	unaltered growth	T033	C0243095
27597994	1301	1309	adhesion	T043	C0007577
27597994	1311	1326	random motility	T040	C0007608
27597994	1392	1411	hypo-osmotic stress	T070	C3661513
27597994	1436	1456	contractile vacuoles	T026	C1167021
27597994	1462	1474	heterologous	T080	C0439860
27597994	1475	1485	expression	T045	C1171362
27597994	1489	1493	TspC	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	1508	1517	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27597994	1557	1570	Dictyostelium	T204	C0012120
27597994	1571	1579	research	T062	C0035168
27597994	1613	1617	Tsps	T116,T123	C3178812
27597994	1621	1641	contractile vacuoles	T026	C1167021
27597994	1650	1661	Trypanosoma	T204	C0041215
27597994	1696	1707	drug target	T074	C0085104
27597994	1721	1738	sleeping sickness	T047	C0041228
27597994	1768	1785	tropical diseases	T047	C1336827

27598153|t|Nicotine Suppressed Fetal Adrenal StAR Expression via YY1 Mediated- Histone Deacetylation Modification Mechanism
27598153|a|Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein plays a pivotal role in steroidogenesis. Previously, we have demonstrated that prenatal nicotine exposure suppressed fetal adrenal steroidogenesis via steroidogenic factor 1 deacetylation. This study further explored the potential role of the transcriptional repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) in nicotine -mediated StAR inhibition. Nicotine was subcutaneously administered (1.0 mg/kg) to pregnant rats twice per day and NCI-H295A cells were treated with nicotine. StAR and YY1 expression were analyzed by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting. Histone modifications and the interactions between the YY1 and StAR promoter were assessed using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Prenatal nicotine exposure increased YY1 expression and suppressed StAR expression. ChIP assay showed that there was a decreasing trend for histone acetylation at the StAR promoter in fetal adrenal glands, whereas H3 acetyl-K14 at the YY1 promoter presented an increasing trend following nicotine exposure. Furthermore, in nicotine - treated NCI-H295A cells, nicotine enhanced YY1 expression and inhibited StAR expression. ChIP assay showed that histone acetylation decreased at the StAR promoter in NCI-H295A cells and that the interaction between the YY1 and StAR promoter increased. These data indicated that YY1 -medicated histone deacetylation modification in StAR promoters might play an important role in the inhibitory effect of nicotine on StAR expression.
27598153	0	8	Nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27598153	9	19	Suppressed	T169	C1260953
27598153	20	33	Fetal Adrenal	T023	C0229565
27598153	34	38	StAR	T116	C0290758
27598153	39	49	Expression	T045	C1171362
27598153	54	57	YY1	T116,T123	C0903890
27598153	68	89	Histone Deacetylation	T044	C1156201
27598153	90	102	Modification	T169	C0392747
27598153	103	112	Mechanism	T169	C0441712
27598153	113	158	Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein	T116	C0290758
27598153	183	198	steroidogenesis	T044	C0597513
27598153	238	246	prenatal	T079	C2828394
27598153	247	255	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27598153	256	264	exposure	T080	C0332157
27598153	265	275	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27598153	276	289	fetal adrenal	T023	C0229565
27598153	290	305	steroidogenesis	T044	C0597513
27598153	310	332	steroidogenic factor 1	T116,T123	C0171961
27598153	333	346	deacetylation	T044	C1511737
27598153	402	427	transcriptional repressor	T116,T123	C1336789
27598153	428	438	Yin Yang 1	T116,T123	C0903890
27598153	440	443	YY1	T116,T123	C0903890
27598153	448	456	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27598153	467	471	StAR	T116	C0290758
27598153	472	482	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27598153	484	492	Nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27598153	497	524	subcutaneously administered	T033	C1736929
27598153	540	548	pregnant	T040	C0032961
27598153	549	553	rats	T015	C0034721
27598153	572	587	NCI-H295A cells	T025	C0007634
27598153	593	600	treated	T169	C1522326
27598153	606	614	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27598153	616	620	StAR	T116	C0290758
27598153	625	628	YY1	T116,T123	C0903890
27598153	629	639	expression	T045	C1171362
27598153	657	670	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27598153	672	692	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27598153	698	714	Western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27598153	716	737	Histone modifications	T044	C1156199
27598153	746	758	interactions	T169	C1704675
27598153	771	774	YY1	T116,T123	C0903890
27598153	779	792	StAR promoter	T028	C1420453
27598153	798	806	assessed	T052	C1516048
27598153	813	842	chromatin immunoprecipitation	T059	C1328856
27598153	844	848	ChIP	T059	C1328856
27598153	851	859	Prenatal	T079	C2828394
27598153	860	868	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27598153	869	877	exposure	T080	C0332157
27598153	878	887	increased	T169	C0442808
27598153	888	891	YY1	T116,T123	C0903890
27598153	892	902	expression	T045	C1171362
27598153	907	917	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27598153	918	922	StAR	T116	C0290758
27598153	923	933	expression	T045	C1171362
27598153	935	939	ChIP	T059	C1328856
27598153	940	945	assay	T059	C1510438
27598153	970	980	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27598153	991	1010	histone acetylation	T044	C1156200
27598153	1018	1031	StAR promoter	T028	C1420453
27598153	1035	1055	fetal adrenal glands	T023	C0229565
27598153	1065	1078	H3 acetyl-K14	T044	C2752447
27598153	1086	1098	YY1 promoter	T028	C1421565
27598153	1112	1122	increasing	T169	C0442808
27598153	1139	1147	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27598153	1148	1156	exposure	T080	C0332157
27598153	1174	1182	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27598153	1185	1192	treated	T169	C1522326
27598153	1193	1208	NCI-H295A cells	T025	C0007634
27598153	1210	1218	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27598153	1228	1231	YY1	T116,T123	C0903890
27598153	1232	1242	expression	T045	C1171362
27598153	1247	1256	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27598153	1257	1261	StAR	T116	C0290758
27598153	1262	1272	expression	T045	C1171362
27598153	1274	1278	ChIP	T059	C1328856
27598153	1279	1284	assay	T059	C1510438
27598153	1297	1316	histone acetylation	T044	C1156200
27598153	1317	1326	decreased	T033	C0442797
27598153	1334	1347	StAR promoter	T028	C1420453
27598153	1351	1366	NCI-H295A cells	T025	C0007634
27598153	1380	1391	interaction	T169	C1704675
27598153	1404	1407	YY1	T116,T123	C0903890
27598153	1412	1425	StAR promoter	T028	C1420453
27598153	1426	1435	increased	T169	C0442808
27598153	1463	1466	YY1	T116,T123	C0903890
27598153	1478	1499	histone deacetylation	T044	C1156201
27598153	1500	1512	modification	T169	C0392747
27598153	1516	1530	StAR promoters	T028	C1420453
27598153	1567	1584	inhibitory effect	T052	C3463820
27598153	1588	1596	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27598153	1600	1604	StAR	T028	C1420453
27598153	1605	1615	expression	T045	C0017262

27598262|t|Macular Ganglion Cell - Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness Is Associated with Clinical Progression in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimers Disease
27598262|a|We investigated the association of the macular ganglion cell - inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thicknesses with disease progression in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recruited 42 patients with AD, 26 with MCI, and 66 normal elderly controls. The thicknesses of the RNFL and GCIPL were measured via spectral-domain optic coherent tomography in all participants at baseline. The patients with MCI or AD underwent clinical and neuropsychological tests at baseline and once every year thereafter for 2 years. The Clinical Dementia Rating scale-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) score exhibited significant negative relationships with the average GCIPL thickness (β = -0.15, p < 0.05) and the GCIPL thickness in the superotemporal, superonasal, and inferonasal sectors. The composite memory score exhibited significant positive associations with the average GCIPL thickness and the GCIPL thickness in the superotemporal, inferonasal, and inferotemporal sectors. The temporal RNFL thickness, the average and minimum GCIPL thicknesses, and the GCIPL thickness in the inferonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal sectors at baseline were significantly reduced in MCI patients who were converted to AD compared to stable MCI patients. The change of CDR-SB from baseline to 2 years exhibited significant negative associations with the average (β = -0.150, p = 0.006) and minimum GCIPL thicknesses as well as GCIPL thickness in the superotemporal, superior, superonasal, and inferonasal sectors at baseline. Our data suggest that macular GCIPL thickness represents a promising biomarker for monitoring the progression of MCI and AD.
27598262	0	7	Macular	T082	C0332574
27598262	8	21	Ganglion Cell	T025	C0228071
27598262	24	45	Inner Plexiform Layer	T023	C1512785
27598262	46	55	Thickness	T080	C1280412
27598262	59	74	Associated with	T080	C0332281
27598262	75	95	Clinical Progression	T046	C0242656
27598262	99	124	Mild Cognitive Impairment	T047	C1719378
27598262	129	147	Alzheimers Disease	T047	C0002395
27598262	187	194	macular	T082	C0332574
27598262	195	208	ganglion cell	T025	C0228071
27598262	211	232	inner plexiform layer	T023	C1512785
27598262	234	239	GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	245	284	peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer	T023	C1517753
27598262	286	290	RNFL	T023	C1517753
27598262	292	303	thicknesses	T080	C1280412
27598262	309	328	disease progression	T046	C0242656
27598262	332	357	mild cognitive impairment	T047	C1719378
27598262	359	362	MCI	T047	C1719378
27598262	368	387	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27598262	389	391	AD	T047	C0002395
27598262	410	418	patients	T101	C0030705
27598262	424	426	AD	T047	C0002395
27598262	436	439	MCI	T047	C1719378
27598262	455	471	elderly controls	T096	C0009932
27598262	477	488	thicknesses	T080	C1280412
27598262	496	500	RNFL	T023	C1517753
27598262	505	510	GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	529	570	spectral-domain optic coherent tomography	T074	C3876157
27598262	578	590	participants	T098	C0679646
27598262	594	602	baseline	T081	C1442488
27598262	608	616	patients	T101	C0030705
27598262	622	625	MCI	T047	C1719378
27598262	629	631	AD	T047	C0002395
27598262	642	650	clinical	T080	C0205210
27598262	655	679	neuropsychological tests	T060	C0027902
27598262	683	691	baseline	T081	C1442488
27598262	696	734	once every year thereafter for 2 years	T079	C1254367
27598262	740	783	Clinical Dementia Rating scale-Sum of Boxes	T170	C3827230
27598262	785	791	CDR-SB	T170	C3827230
27598262	793	798	score	T081	C0449820
27598262	821	829	negative	T033	C0205160
27598262	830	843	relationships	T080	C0439849
27598262	853	866	average GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	867	876	thickness	T080	C1280412
27598262	907	912	GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	913	922	thickness	T080	C1280412
27598262	930	944	superotemporal	T029	C1275875
27598262	946	957	superonasal	T029	C1275872
27598262	963	982	inferonasal sectors	T029	C1275873
27598262	988	1010	composite memory score	T081	C0449820
27598262	1033	1041	positive	T033	C1446409
27598262	1042	1054	associations	T080	C0439849
27598262	1064	1077	average GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	1078	1087	thickness	T080	C1280412
27598262	1096	1101	GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	1102	1111	thickness	T080	C1280412
27598262	1119	1133	superotemporal	T029	C1275875
27598262	1135	1146	inferonasal	T029	C1275873
27598262	1152	1174	inferotemporal sectors	T029	C1275868
27598262	1180	1193	temporal RNFL	T023	C1517753
27598262	1194	1203	thickness	T080	C1280412
27598262	1229	1234	GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	1235	1246	thicknesses	T080	C1280412
27598262	1256	1261	GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	1262	1271	thickness	T080	C1280412
27598262	1279	1290	inferonasal	T029	C1275873
27598262	1292	1300	inferior	T029	C0005898
27598262	1306	1328	inferotemporal sectors	T029	C1275868
27598262	1332	1340	baseline	T081	C1442488
27598262	1360	1367	reduced	T080	C0392756
27598262	1371	1374	MCI	T047	C1719378
27598262	1375	1383	patients	T101	C0030705
27598262	1406	1408	AD	T047	C0002395
27598262	1428	1431	MCI	T047	C1719378
27598262	1432	1440	patients	T101	C0030705
27598262	1456	1462	CDR-SB	T170	C3827230
27598262	1468	1476	baseline	T081	C1442488
27598262	1482	1487	years	T079	C0439234
27598262	1510	1518	negative	T033	C0205160
27598262	1519	1531	associations	T080	C0439849
27598262	1577	1590	minimum GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	1591	1602	thicknesses	T080	C1280412
27598262	1614	1619	GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	1620	1629	thickness	T080	C1280412
27598262	1637	1651	superotemporal	T029	C1275875
27598262	1653	1661	superior	T029	C0005898
27598262	1663	1674	superonasal	T029	C1275872
27598262	1680	1699	inferonasal sectors	T029	C1275873
27598262	1703	1711	baseline	T081	C1442488
27598262	1743	1748	GCIPL	T023	C1512785
27598262	1749	1758	thickness	T080	C1280412
27598262	1782	1791	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27598262	1811	1822	progression	T046	C0242656
27598262	1826	1829	MCI	T047	C1719378
27598262	1834	1836	AD	T047	C0002395

27598351|t|Dural Venous Sinus Diameters in Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Correlation with History of Stroke in a Case-Control Study
27598351|a|The purpose of this study was to compare the diameters of the dural venous sinuses (DVSs) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) with healthy controls and determine whether the size has any correlation to history of cerebral infarct among children with SCD. A retrospective review compared demographics, medical history and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) findings in children with SCD with those in controls. Venous sinus diameters were measured on MRV in all subjects by the authors, who were blinded to the children's clinical history. The study cohort included 38 MRVs in children with SCD and 38 control subjects. Statistical comparison showed children with SCD had significantly (P < 0.05) larger DVS diameters than controls. Among children with SCD with a history of stroke or silent infarct, DVS diameters were not significantly different. Children with SCD had larger DVS diameters than did controls, regardless of the former group's history of cerebral infarct. The difference in size of venous sinuses is important to be aware of during the interpretation of neuroimaging studies to avoid unneeded additional imaging or referral.
27598351	0	18	Dural Venous Sinus	T023	C0010271
27598351	19	28	Diameters	T081	C1301886
27598351	32	40	Children	T100	C0008059
27598351	46	65	Sickle Cell Disease	T047	C0002895
27598351	67	78	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27598351	84	101	History of Stroke	T033	C1261367
27598351	107	125	Case-Control Study	T062	C0007328
27598351	130	137	purpose	T169	C1285529
27598351	146	151	study	T062	C0007328
27598351	159	166	compare	T052	C1707455
27598351	171	180	diameters	T081	C1301886
27598351	188	208	dural venous sinuses	T023	C0010271
27598351	210	214	DVSs	T023	C0010271
27598351	219	227	children	T100	C0008059
27598351	233	252	sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895
27598351	254	257	SCD	T047	C0002895
27598351	264	280	healthy controls	T096	C0009932
27598351	307	311	size	T082	C0456389
27598351	320	331	correlation	T080	C1707520
27598351	335	342	history	T033	C0241889
27598351	346	362	cerebral infarct	T047	C0007785
27598351	369	377	children	T100	C0008059
27598351	383	386	SCD	T047	C0002895
27598351	390	403	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27598351	404	410	review	T170	C0282443
27598351	420	432	demographics	T078	C1704791
27598351	434	449	medical history	T033	C0262926
27598351	454	483	magnetic resonance venography	T060	C1690005
27598351	485	488	MRV	T060	C1690005
27598351	490	498	findings	T033	C0243095
27598351	502	510	children	T100	C0008059
27598351	516	519	SCD	T047	C0002895
27598351	534	542	controls	T096	C0009932
27598351	544	556	Venous sinus	T023	C0010271
27598351	557	566	diameters	T081	C1301886
27598351	572	580	measured	T080	C0444706
27598351	584	587	MRV	T060	C1690005
27598351	595	603	subjects	T098	C0080105
27598351	611	618	authors	T097	C3812881
27598351	629	636	blinded	T062	C0150108
27598351	644	654	children's	T100	C0008059
27598351	655	671	clinical history	T033	C0241889
27598351	677	682	study	T062	C0007328
27598351	683	689	cohort	T098	C0599755
27598351	702	706	MRVs	T060	C1690005
27598351	710	718	children	T100	C0008059
27598351	724	727	SCD	T047	C0002895
27598351	735	742	control	T096	C0009932
27598351	743	751	subjects	T098	C0080105
27598351	753	764	Statistical	T090	C0038215
27598351	765	775	comparison	T052	C1707455
27598351	783	791	children	T100	C0008059
27598351	797	800	SCD	T047	C0002895
27598351	805	836	significantly (P < 0.05) larger	T081	C4055637
27598351	837	840	DVS	T023	C0010271
27598351	841	850	diameters	T081	C1301886
27598351	856	864	controls	T096	C0009932
27598351	872	880	children	T100	C0008059
27598351	886	889	SCD	T047	C0002895
27598351	897	914	history of stroke	T033	C1261367
27598351	918	932	silent infarct	T047	C4302087
27598351	934	937	DVS	T023	C0010271
27598351	938	947	diameters	T081	C1301886
27598351	982	990	Children	T100	C0008059
27598351	996	999	SCD	T047	C0002895
27598351	1004	1010	larger	T081	C0549177
27598351	1011	1014	DVS	T023	C0010271
27598351	1015	1024	diameters	T081	C1301886
27598351	1034	1042	controls	T096	C0009932
27598351	1044	1054	regardless	T080	C3641650
27598351	1062	1068	former	T079	C0205156
27598351	1069	1084	group's history	T033	C0241889
27598351	1088	1104	cerebral infarct	T047	C0007785
27598351	1110	1128	difference in size	T082	C0456389
27598351	1132	1146	venous sinuses	T023	C0010271
27598351	1186	1200	interpretation	T170	C0459471
27598351	1204	1216	neuroimaging	T060	C0679575
27598351	1217	1224	studies	T062	C1704656
27598351	1254	1261	imaging	T060	C0011923

27598388|t|Green and rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Borago officinalis leaf extract: anticancer and antibacterial activities
27598388|a|This study highlights the facile, reliable, cost effective, and ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Borago officinalis leaves extract efficiently. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was verified by UV-Vis spectrum which showed the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 422 nm. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis revealed that the particles were spherical, hexagonal, and irregular in shape and had size ranging from 30 to 80 nm. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and elemental mapping have displayed the purity and maximum distribution of silver in the AgNPs. The crystalline nature of AgNPs had been identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area diffraction pattern (SAED). The particle size analysis revealed that the Z-average diameter of the AgNPs was 50.86 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) 0.136. Zeta potential analysis displayed the colloidal stability of AgNPs. This work also showed the efficacy of AgNPs against lung cancer cell lines (A549) and cervical cancer cell line (HeLa), in vitro. The AgNPs showed cytotoxicity to the A549 and HeLa cancer cell line at the concentrations 5 and 2 μg/ml. The AgNPs were also explored for the antibacterial activity including biofilm inhibition against pathogenic bacteria. The B. officinalis leaves extract can be used efficiently for green synthesis AgNPs. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated potentials as anticancer and antibacterial agents. This work provides helpful insight into the development of new anticancer and antimicrobial agents.
27598388	0	5	Green	T057	C2350565
27598388	10	15	rapid	T080	C0456962
27598388	16	25	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27598388	29	35	silver	T196	C0037125
27598388	36	49	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27598388	56	74	Borago officinalis	T002	C0522465
27598388	75	79	leaf	T002	C0242724
27598388	80	87	extract	T123	C0032081
27598388	89	99	anticancer	T033	C0243095
27598388	104	128	antibacterial activities	T033	C0243095
27598388	173	177	cost	T081	C0010186
27598388	178	187	effective	T080	C1704419
27598388	193	204	ecofriendly	T057	C2350565
27598388	205	214	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27598388	218	224	silver	T196	C0037125
27598388	225	238	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27598388	240	245	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
27598388	253	271	Borago officinalis	T002	C0522465
27598388	272	278	leaves	T002	C0242724
27598388	279	286	extract	T123	C0032081
27598388	287	298	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27598388	304	316	biosynthesis	T052	C1883254
27598388	320	325	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
27598388	330	338	verified	T078	C1547321
27598388	342	357	UV-Vis spectrum	T070	C1883416
27598388	375	400	surface plasmon resonance	T063	C0597731
27598388	402	405	SPR	T063	C0597731
27598388	423	470	Transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis	T059	C0678118
27598388	489	498	particles	T073	C1721060
27598388	504	513	spherical	T082	C0332501
27598388	515	524	hexagonal	T082	C1708361
27598388	530	539	irregular	T080	C0205271
27598388	543	548	shape	T082	C0332479
27598388	557	561	size	T081	C0030608
27598388	562	569	ranging	T081	C1514721
27598388	592	628	energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy	T059	C2699997
27598388	630	633	EDX	T059	C2699997
27598388	639	656	elemental mapping	T059	C0022885
27598388	676	682	purity	T081	C1882508
27598388	687	694	maximum	T081	C0806909
27598388	695	707	distribution	T169	C1704711
27598388	711	717	silver	T196	C0037125
27598388	725	730	AgNPs	T196	C0037125
27598388	736	747	crystalline	T104	C0444626
27598388	758	763	AgNPs	T196	C0037125
27598388	773	783	identified	T080	C0205396
27598388	790	807	X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
27598388	809	812	XRD	T059	C0043301
27598388	818	851	selected area diffraction pattern	T059	C0022885
27598388	864	877	particle size	T081	C0030608
27598388	878	886	analysis	T169	C1524024
27598388	905	914	Z-average	T081	C1510992
27598388	915	923	diameter	T081	C1301886
27598388	931	936	AgNPs	T196	C0037125
27598388	955	975	polydispersity index	T077	C1882415
27598388	977	980	PDI	T077	C1882415
27598388	989	1003	Zeta potential	T067	C0597697
27598388	1004	1012	analysis	T169	C1524024
27598388	1027	1046	colloidal stability	T080	C0205556
27598388	1050	1055	AgNPs	T196	C0037125
27598388	1083	1091	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27598388	1095	1100	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
27598388	1109	1113	lung	T023	C0024109
27598388	1114	1131	cancer cell lines	T025	C0085983
27598388	1133	1137	A549	T025	C4277577
27598388	1143	1151	cervical	T023	C0007874
27598388	1152	1168	cancer cell line	T025	C0085983
27598388	1170	1174	HeLa	T025	C0018873
27598388	1177	1185	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27598388	1191	1196	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
27598388	1204	1216	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27598388	1224	1228	A549	T025	C4277577
27598388	1233	1237	HeLa	T025	C0018873
27598388	1238	1254	cancer cell line	T025	C0085983
27598388	1262	1276	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27598388	1296	1301	AgNPs	T196	C0037125
27598388	1329	1351	antibacterial activity	T033	C0243095
27598388	1362	1369	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27598388	1370	1380	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27598388	1389	1399	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27598388	1400	1408	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27598388	1414	1428	B. officinalis	T002	C0522465
27598388	1429	1435	leaves	T002	C0242724
27598388	1436	1443	extract	T123	C0032081
27598388	1456	1467	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27598388	1478	1487	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27598388	1488	1493	AgNPs	T196	C0037125
27598388	1514	1519	AgNPs	T196	C0037125
27598388	1533	1543	potentials	T080	C3245505
27598388	1547	1557	anticancer	T109,T121	C0003392
27598388	1562	1582	antibacterial agents	T195	C0279516
27598388	1628	1639	development	T169	C1527148
27598388	1647	1657	anticancer	T109,T121	C0003392
27598388	1662	1682	antimicrobial agents	T121	C1136254

27598421|t|Culex quinquefasciatus from Rio de Janeiro Is Not Competent to Transmit the Local Zika Virus
27598421|a|The Americas have suffered a dramatic epidemic of Zika since May in 2015, when Zika virus (ZIKV) was first detected in Brazil. Mosquitoes belonging to subgenus Stegomyia of Aedes, particularly Aedes aegypti, are considered the primary vectors of ZIKV. However, the rapid spread of the virus across the continent raised several concerns about the transmission dynamics, especially about potential mosquito vectors. The purpose of this work was to assess the vector competence of the house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus from an epidemic Zika area, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for local circulating ZIKV isolates. Culex quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti (positive control of ZIKV infection) from Rio de Janeiro were orally exposed to two ZIKV strains isolated from human cases from Rio de Janeiro (Rio-U1 and Rio-S1). Fully engorged mosquitoes were held in incubators at 26 ± 1°C, 12 h:12 h light:dark cycle and 70 ± 10% humidity. For each combination mosquito population- ZIKV strain, 30 specimens were examined for infection, dissemination and transmission rates, at 7, 14 and 21 days after virus exposure by analyzing body (thorax plus abdomen), head and saliva respectively. Infection rates were minimal to completely absent in all Cx. quinquefasciatus - virus combinations and were significantly high for Ae. aegypti. Moreover, dissemination and transmission were not detected in any Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes whatever the incubation period and the ZIKV isolate. In contrast, Ae. aegypti ensured high viral dissemination and moderate to very high transmission. The southern house mosquito Cx. quinquefasciatus from Rio de Janeiro was not competent to transmit local strains of ZIKV. Thus, there is no experimental evidence that Cx. quinquefasciatus likely plays a role in the ZIKV transmission. Consequently, at least in Rio, mosquito control to reduce ZIKV transmission should remain focused on Ae. aegypti.
27598421	0	22	Culex quinquefasciatus	T204	C0322806
27598421	28	42	Rio de Janeiro	UnknownType	C0681784
27598421	46	59	Not Competent	T033	C0243095
27598421	63	71	Transmit	T043	C1160716
27598421	82	92	Zika Virus	T005	C0318793
27598421	97	105	Americas	T083	C0002454
27598421	122	139	dramatic epidemic	T067	C0014499
27598421	143	147	Zika	T005	C0318793
27598421	172	182	Zika virus	T005	C0318793
27598421	184	188	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27598421	200	208	detected	T033	C0442726
27598421	212	218	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27598421	220	230	Mosquitoes	T204	C0026584
27598421	244	252	subgenus	T077	C1883697
27598421	253	271	Stegomyia of Aedes	T204	C0322859
27598421	286	299	Aedes aegypti	T204	C0322859
27598421	320	335	primary vectors	T204	C4277713
27598421	339	343	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27598421	364	370	spread	T080	C0332261
27598421	378	383	virus	T005	C0042776
27598421	395	404	continent	T083	C0454690
27598421	439	451	transmission	T043	C1160716
27598421	452	460	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27598421	489	505	mosquito vectors	T204	C4277713
27598421	539	545	assess	T052	C1516048
27598421	550	556	vector	T204	C4277713
27598421	557	567	competence	T080	C0086035
27598421	575	612	house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus	T204	C0322806
27598421	621	629	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27598421	630	655	Zika area, Rio de Janeiro	UnknownType	C0681784
27598421	657	663	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27598421	675	686	circulating	T169	C0175630
27598421	687	691	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27598421	692	700	isolates	T123	C1764827
27598421	702	724	Culex quinquefasciatus	T204	C0322806
27598421	729	740	Ae. aegypti	T204	C0322859
27598421	742	758	positive control	T077	C1883676
27598421	762	776	ZIKV infection	T047	C0276289
27598421	783	797	Rio de Janeiro	UnknownType	C0681784
27598421	825	829	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27598421	830	837	strains	T001	C1518614
27598421	838	846	isolated	T169	C0205409
27598421	852	863	human cases	T062	C0178693
27598421	869	883	Rio de Janeiro	UnknownType	C0681784
27598421	911	919	engorged	T169	C0700140
27598421	920	930	mosquitoes	T204	C0026584
27598421	944	954	incubators	T073	C0021178
27598421	978	994	light:dark cycle	T079	C2718082
27598421	1008	1016	humidity	T070	C0869465
27598421	1027	1038	combination	T080	C0205195
27598421	1039	1047	mosquito	T204	C0026584
27598421	1060	1064	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27598421	1065	1071	strain	T001	C1518614
27598421	1076	1085	specimens	T167	C0370003
27598421	1104	1113	infection	T047	C0276289
27598421	1115	1128	dissemination	T033	C0243095
27598421	1133	1151	transmission rates	T081	C1521828
27598421	1180	1185	virus	T005	C0042776
27598421	1186	1194	exposure	T080	C0332157
27598421	1208	1212	body	T017	C0460148
27598421	1214	1220	thorax	T029	C0817096
27598421	1226	1233	abdomen	T029	C0000726
27598421	1236	1240	head	T029	C0018670
27598421	1245	1251	saliva	T031	C0036087
27598421	1266	1281	Infection rates	T033	C0243095
27598421	1287	1294	minimal	T080	C1524031
27598421	1309	1315	absent	T169	C0332197
27598421	1323	1343	Cx. quinquefasciatus	T204	C0322806
27598421	1346	1351	virus	T005	C0042776
27598421	1352	1364	combinations	T080	C0205195
27598421	1374	1392	significantly high	T081	C4055637
27598421	1397	1408	Ae. aegypti	T204	C0322859
27598421	1420	1433	dissemination	T033	C0243095
27598421	1438	1450	transmission	T043	C1160716
27598421	1456	1468	not detected	T033	C0442737
27598421	1476	1496	Cx. quinquefasciatus	T204	C0322806
27598421	1497	1507	mosquitoes	T204	C0026584
27598421	1521	1538	incubation period	T033	C1320226
27598421	1547	1551	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27598421	1552	1559	isolate	T123	C1764827
27598421	1574	1585	Ae. aegypti	T204	C0322859
27598421	1599	1618	viral dissemination	T033	C0243095
27598421	1645	1657	transmission	T043	C1160716
27598421	1663	1707	southern house mosquito Cx. quinquefasciatus	T204	C0322806
27598421	1713	1727	Rio de Janeiro	UnknownType	C0681784
27598421	1732	1745	not competent	T033	C0243095
27598421	1749	1757	transmit	T043	C1160716
27598421	1764	1771	strains	T001	C1518614
27598421	1775	1779	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27598421	1796	1820	no experimental evidence	T080	C0332125
27598421	1826	1846	Cx. quinquefasciatus	T204	C0322806
27598421	1874	1878	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27598421	1879	1891	transmission	T043	C1160716
27598421	1919	1922	Rio	UnknownType	C0681784
27598421	1924	1940	mosquito control	T057	C0026581
27598421	1951	1955	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27598421	1956	1968	transmission	T043	C1160716
27598421	1994	2005	Ae. aegypti	T204	C0322859

27598463|t|Detrimental Effect of Fungal 60-kDa Heat Shock Protein on Experimental Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection
27598463|a|The genus Paracoccidioides comprises species of dimorphic fungi that cause paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a systemic disease prevalent in Latin America. Here, we investigated whether administration of native 60-kDa heat shock protein of P. brasiliensis (nPbHsp60) or its recombinant counterpart (rPbHsp60) affected the course of experimental PCM. Mice were subcutaneously injected with nPbHsp60 or rPbHsp60 emulsified in complete's Freund Adjuvant (CFA) at three weeks after intravenous injection of P. brasiliensis yeasts. Infected control mice were injected with CFA or isotonic saline solution alone. Thirty days after the nPbHsp60 or rPbHsp60 administration, mice showed remarkably increased fungal load, tissue inflammation, and granulomas in the lungs, liver, and spleen compared with control mice. Further, rPbHsp60 treatment (i) decreased the known protective effect of CFA against PCM and (ii) increased the concentrations of IL-17, TNF-α, IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β in the lungs. Together, our results indicated that PbHsp60 induced a harmful immune response, exacerbated inflammation, and promoted fungal dissemination. Therefore, we propose that PbHsp60 contributes to the fungal pathogenesis.
27598463	0	11	Detrimental	T080	C3640815
27598463	12	18	Effect	T080	C1280500
27598463	22	28	Fungal	T004	C0016832
27598463	36	54	Heat Shock Protein	T116,T123	C0018850
27598463	58	70	Experimental	T080	C1517586
27598463	71	110	Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Infection	T047	C0030409
27598463	115	120	genus	T185	C1708235
27598463	121	137	Paracoccidioides	T004	C0030407
27598463	148	155	species	T185	C1705920
27598463	159	174	dimorphic fungi	T004	C1562222
27598463	186	208	paracoccidioidomycosis	T047	C0030409
27598463	210	213	PCM	T047	C0030409
27598463	218	234	systemic disease	T047	C0442893
27598463	248	261	Latin America	T083	C0023122
27598463	272	284	investigated	T169	C1292732
27598463	293	307	administration	T081	C0001555
27598463	311	343	native 60-kDa heat shock protein	T116,T123	C0018850
27598463	347	362	P. brasiliensis	T004	C1622980
27598463	364	372	nPbHsp60	T116,T123	C0018850
27598463	381	404	recombinant counterpart	T116	C0034861
27598463	406	414	rPbHsp60	T116	C0034861
27598463	416	424	affected	T169	C0392760
27598463	439	451	experimental	T080	C1517586
27598463	452	455	PCM	T047	C0030409
27598463	457	461	Mice	T015	C0025929
27598463	467	490	subcutaneously injected	T169	C0021499
27598463	496	504	nPbHsp60	T116,T123	C0018850
27598463	508	516	rPbHsp60	T116	C0034861
27598463	517	527	emulsified	T044	C0221105
27598463	531	557	complete's Freund Adjuvant	T121,T129	C0016712
27598463	559	562	CFA	T121,T129	C0016712
27598463	573	578	weeks	T079	C0439230
27598463	585	606	intravenous injection	T169	C0021494
27598463	610	632	P. brasiliensis yeasts	T004	C1622980
27598463	634	642	Infected	T033	C0439663
27598463	643	650	control	T096	C0009932
27598463	651	655	mice	T015	C0025929
27598463	661	669	injected	T169	C1720154
27598463	675	678	CFA	T121,T129	C0016712
27598463	682	706	isotonic saline solution	UnknownType	C0546549
27598463	721	725	days	T079	C0439228
27598463	736	744	nPbHsp60	T116,T123	C0018850
27598463	748	756	rPbHsp60	T116,T123	C0018850
27598463	757	771	administration	T081	C0001555
27598463	773	777	mice	T015	C0025929
27598463	796	805	increased	T081	C0205217
27598463	806	812	fungal	T169	C0521033
27598463	819	825	tissue	T024	C0040300
27598463	826	838	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27598463	844	867	granulomas in the lungs	T033	C0235557
27598463	869	874	liver	T047	C0745754
27598463	880	886	spleen	T047	C1535984
27598463	901	908	control	T096	C0009932
27598463	909	913	mice	T015	C0025929
27598463	924	932	rPbHsp60	T116	C0034861
27598463	933	942	treatment	T169	C1522326
27598463	947	956	decreased	T080	C0392756
27598463	967	984	protective effect	UnknownType	C0678771
27598463	988	991	CFA	T121,T129	C0016712
27598463	1000	1003	PCM	T047	C0030409
27598463	1013	1022	increased	T081	C0205217
27598463	1027	1041	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27598463	1045	1050	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27598463	1052	1057	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27598463	1059	1064	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27598463	1066	1071	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27598463	1073	1077	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27598463	1079	1084	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27598463	1090	1095	TGF-β	T116,T129,T192	C0076930
27598463	1103	1108	lungs	T023	C0024109
27598463	1124	1131	results	T169	C1274040
27598463	1147	1154	PbHsp60	T116,T123	C0018850
27598463	1155	1162	induced	T169	C0205263
27598463	1165	1172	harmful	T080	C3640815
27598463	1173	1188	immune response	T042	C0301872
27598463	1190	1201	exacerbated	T080	C1444749
27598463	1202	1214	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27598463	1220	1228	promoted	T052	C0033414
27598463	1229	1235	fungal	T169	C0521033
27598463	1236	1249	dissemination	T082	C0205221
27598463	1278	1285	PbHsp60	T116,T123	C0018850
27598463	1305	1311	fungal	T169	C0521033
27598463	1312	1324	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748

27598472|t|Endothermal venous ablation of the saphenous vein on patients who are on anticoagulation therapy
27598472|a|The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risks of bleeding, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), endovenous heat induced thrombosis (EHIT) and failure of ablation on patients who undergo ablation while on oral anticoagulation. We compared 378 (3.4%) out of 11252 patients (group A) who had undergone 724 endovenous ablation of the saphenous veins from January 1, 2011 to September 30, 2014 while on oral anticoagulation to a randomly selected 375 patients (group B) who underwent 641 endovenous ablation in the same time period but were not on anticoagulation. The demographic data, history of DVT, the Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomic, Pathologic (CEAP) classification and the VCSS (Venous Clinical Severity Score) scores were analyzed. The indications for anticoagulation, the anticoagulants used were recorded. The primary endpoints were bleeding, development of DVT or EHIT, and failure of ablation. Patients in group A were older, had more men, more history of DVT and PE, had higher CEAP and VCSS scores compared to group B. The type of anticoagulation used was warfarin in 77.2% direct oral inhibitors (DOIs) in 22.8%. The rate of failure of ablation at 3 days was 39 (5.6%) for Group A and 3 (0.5%) for Group B (P<0.0001) and at one month it was 46 (10.1%) vs. 27 (6.7%) (P=0.086). The number of EHIT cases in group A at 3 days was 2 (0.3%), compared to 6 (0.9%) in group B (P=0.016) and at 1 month it was 0 compared to 4 (1.0%) (P=0.0483). The DVT, SVT, hematoma and wound infection rates were similar in the two groups. Ablation of the saphenous veins in patients who are on oral anticoagulation is safe and does not increase the risk of bleeding or hematoma, but it may slightly lower the incidence of EHIT and increase the incidence of failure of ablation.
27598472	0	27	Endothermal venous ablation	T061	C2242647
27598472	35	49	saphenous vein	T023	C0036186
27598472	53	61	patients	T101	C0030705
27598472	73	96	anticoagulation therapy	T061	C0003281
27598472	117	122	study	T062	C2603343
27598472	143	148	risks	T078	C0035647
27598472	152	160	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27598472	162	184	deep venous thrombosis	T047	C0149871
27598472	186	189	DVT	T047	C0149871
27598472	192	226	endovenous heat induced thrombosis	T046	C0042487
27598472	228	232	EHIT	T046	C0042487
27598472	238	245	failure	T169	C0231174
27598472	249	257	ablation	T061	C0547070
27598472	261	269	patients	T101	C0030705
27598472	282	290	ablation	T061	C0547070
27598472	300	320	oral anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
27598472	325	333	compared	T052	C1707455
27598472	358	366	patients	T101	C0030705
27598472	368	375	group A	T185	C0441835
27598472	399	418	endovenous ablation	T061	C2242647
27598472	426	441	saphenous veins	T023	C0036186
27598472	494	514	oral anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
27598472	542	550	patients	T101	C0030705
27598472	552	559	group B	T185	C0441836
27598472	579	598	endovenous ablation	T061	C2242647
27598472	611	622	time period	T079	C1948053
27598472	639	654	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
27598472	660	676	demographic data	T081	C0392762
27598472	678	688	history of	T033	C0332119
27598472	689	692	DVT	T047	C0149871
27598472	698	706	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27598472	708	717	Etiologic	T080	C0205556
27598472	719	727	Anatomic	T080	C0220784
27598472	729	739	Pathologic	T169	C1521733
27598472	741	745	CEAP	T080	C0205556
27598472	747	761	classification	T185	C0008902
27598472	770	774	VCSS	T081	C0392762
27598472	776	806	Venous Clinical Severity Score	T081	C0392762
27598472	834	845	indications	T078	C3146298
27598472	850	865	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
27598472	871	885	anticoagulants	T121	C0003280
27598472	933	941	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27598472	958	961	DVT	T047	C0149871
27598472	965	969	EHIT	T046	C0042487
27598472	975	982	failure	T169	C0231174
27598472	986	994	ablation	T061	C0547070
27598472	996	1004	Patients	T101	C0030705
27598472	1008	1015	group A	T185	C0441835
27598472	1021	1026	older	T098	C3826770
27598472	1037	1040	men	T098	C0025266
27598472	1058	1061	DVT	T047	C0149871
27598472	1066	1068	PE	T047	C0034065
27598472	1081	1085	CEAP	T080	C0205556
27598472	1090	1094	VCSS	T081	C0392762
27598472	1114	1121	group B	T185	C0441836
27598472	1135	1150	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
27598472	1160	1168	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27598472	1178	1200	direct oral inhibitors	T121	C1254351
27598472	1202	1206	DOIs	T121	C1254351
27598472	1222	1226	rate	T081	C1521828
27598472	1230	1237	failure	T169	C0231174
27598472	1241	1249	ablation	T061	C0547070
27598472	1255	1259	days	T079	C0439228
27598472	1278	1285	Group A	T185	C0441835
27598472	1303	1310	Group B	T185	C0441836
27598472	1329	1338	one month	T079	C4082115
27598472	1396	1400	EHIT	T046	C0042487
27598472	1401	1406	cases	T169	C0868928
27598472	1410	1417	group A	T185	C0441835
27598472	1423	1427	days	T079	C0439228
27598472	1466	1473	group B	T185	C0441836
27598472	1491	1498	1 month	T079	C4082115
27598472	1545	1548	DVT	T047	C0149871
27598472	1550	1553	SVT	T047	C0039240
27598472	1555	1563	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27598472	1568	1583	wound infection	T046	C0043241
27598472	1584	1589	rates	T081	C1521828
27598472	1614	1620	groups	T078	C0441833
27598472	1622	1630	Ablation	T061	C0547070
27598472	1638	1653	saphenous veins	T023	C0036186
27598472	1657	1665	patients	T101	C0030705
27598472	1677	1697	oral anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
27598472	1732	1736	risk	T078	C0035647
27598472	1740	1748	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27598472	1752	1760	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27598472	1792	1801	incidence	T081	C0021149
27598472	1805	1809	EHIT	T046	C0042487
27598472	1827	1836	incidence	T081	C0021149
27598472	1840	1847	failure	T169	C0231174
27598472	1851	1859	ablation	T061	C0547070

27599001|t|A Single Nanoprobe for Ratiometric Imaging and Biosensing of Hypochlorite and Glutathione in Live Cells Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
27599001|a|Hypochlorite (ClO(-)) and glutathione (GSH) have been reported to closely correlate with oxidative stress and related diseases; however, a clear mechanism is still unknown, mainly owing to a lack of accurate analytical methods for live cells. Herein we create a novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe, 4-mercaptophenol (4-MP)-functionalized gold flowers (AuF / MP), for imaging and biosensing of ClO(-) and GSH in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells upon oxidative stress. The SERS spectra of AuF / MP change with the reaction between ClO(-) and 4-MP on AuFs within 1 min and then recover after reaction with GSH, resulting in the ratiometric detection of ClO(-) and GSH with high accuracy. The single SERS probe also shows high selectivity for ClO(-) and GSH detection against other reactive oxygen species and amino acids which may exist in biological systems, as well as remarkable sensitivity ascribed to a larger amount of hot spots on AuFs. The significant analytical performance of the developed nanoprobe, together with good biocompatibility and high cell-permeability, enables the present SERS probe imaging and real-time detection of ClO(-) and GSH in live cells upon oxidative stress.
27599001	9	18	Nanoprobe	T073	C1881978
27599001	23	42	Ratiometric Imaging	T060	C0079595
27599001	47	57	Biosensing	T059	C0005567
27599001	61	73	Hypochlorite	T196	C0122922
27599001	78	89	Glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27599001	93	103	Live Cells	T025	C0007634
27599001	110	143	Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering	T059	C0037815
27599001	144	156	Hypochlorite	T196	C0122922
27599001	158	164	ClO(-)	T196	C0122922
27599001	170	181	glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27599001	183	186	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27599001	218	227	correlate	T080	C1707520
27599001	233	249	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27599001	262	270	diseases	T047	C0012634
27599001	289	298	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27599001	335	339	lack	T080	C0332268
27599001	343	351	accurate	T080	C0443131
27599001	352	370	analytical methods	T170	C0178476
27599001	375	385	live cells	T025	C0007634
27599001	406	411	novel	T080	C0205314
27599001	412	462	surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe	T073	C1881978
27599001	464	480	4-mercaptophenol	T109	C1667730
27599001	482	486	4-MP	T109	C1667730
27599001	503	515	gold flowers	T121,T196	C0018026
27599001	517	520	AuF	T121,T196	C0018026
27599001	523	525	MP	T109	C1667730
27599001	532	539	imaging	T060	C0079595
27599001	544	554	biosensing	T059	C0005567
27599001	558	564	ClO(-)	T196	C0122922
27599001	569	572	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27599001	576	602	RAW 264.7 macrophage cells	T025	C4042840
27599001	608	624	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27599001	630	634	SERS	T059	C0037815
27599001	635	642	spectra	T077	C2827424
27599001	646	649	AuF	T121,T196	C0018026
27599001	652	654	MP	T109	C1667730
27599001	671	679	reaction	T169	C0443286
27599001	688	694	ClO(-)	T196	C0122922
27599001	699	703	4-MP	T109	C1667730
27599001	707	711	AuFs	T121,T196	C0018026
27599001	721	724	min	T079	C0439232
27599001	734	741	recover	T080	C0521108
27599001	748	756	reaction	T169	C0443286
27599001	762	765	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27599001	767	779	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27599001	784	805	ratiometric detection	T061	C1511790
27599001	809	815	ClO(-)	T196	C0122922
27599001	820	823	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27599001	829	833	high	T080	C0205250
27599001	834	842	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27599001	855	865	SERS probe	T073	C1881978
27599001	877	881	high	T080	C0205250
27599001	898	904	ClO(-)	T196	C0122922
27599001	909	912	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27599001	913	922	detection	T061	C1511790
27599001	937	960	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27599001	965	976	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27599001	996	1014	biological systems	T001	C0029235
27599001	1038	1049	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27599001	1081	1090	hot spots	T082	C1521990
27599001	1094	1098	AuFs	T121,T196	C0018026
27599001	1104	1115	significant	T078	C0750502
27599001	1127	1138	performance	T055	C0597198
27599001	1146	1155	developed	T169	C1527148
27599001	1156	1165	nanoprobe	T073	C1881978
27599001	1186	1202	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
27599001	1207	1211	high	T080	C0205250
27599001	1212	1229	cell-permeability	T043	C0007605
27599001	1251	1269	SERS probe imaging	T060	C0079595
27599001	1274	1293	real-time detection	T061	C1511790
27599001	1297	1303	ClO(-)	T196	C0122922
27599001	1308	1311	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
27599001	1315	1325	live cells	T025	C0007634
27599001	1331	1347	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606

27599297|t|Detection of busulfan adducts on proteins
27599297|a|Busulfan is a bifunctional alkyl sulfonate antineoplastic drug. This alkylating agent was described as forming covalent adducts on proteins. However, only limited data are available regarding the interaction of busulfan with proteins. Mass spectrometry and bioinformatics were used to identify busulfan adducts on human serum albumin and hemoglobin. Albumin and hemoglobin were incubated with busulfan or control compounds, digested with trypsin and analyzed by LC-MS / MS on a Thermo Fisher LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro. MS data were used to generate spectral libraries of non-modified peptides and an open modification search was performed to identify potential adduct mass shifts and possible modification sites. Results were confirmed by a second database search including identified mass shifts and by visual inspection of annotated tandem mass spectra of adduct -carrying peptides. Five structures of busulfan adducts were detected and a chemical structure could be attributed to four of them. Two were primary adducts corresponding to busulfan monoalkylation and alkylation of two amino acid residues by a single busulfan molecule. Two others corresponded to secondary adducts generated during sample processing. Adducts were mainly detected on Asp, Glu, and His residues. These findings were confirmed by subsequent database searches and experiments with synthetic peptides. The combination of in vitro incubation of proteins with the drug of interest or control compounds, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and open modification search allowed confirming direct interaction of busulfan with proteins and characterizing resulting adducts. Our results also showed that careful analysis of the data is required to detect experimental artifacts.
27599297	0	9	Detection	T061	C1511790
27599297	13	21	busulfan	T109,T121,T131	C0006463
27599297	22	29	adducts	T104	C0596040
27599297	33	41	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27599297	42	50	Busulfan	T109,T121,T131	C0006463
27599297	69	84	alkyl sulfonate	T109	C0002072
27599297	85	104	antineoplastic drug	T109,T121	C0003392
27599297	111	127	alkylating agent	T121,T131	C0002073
27599297	153	161	covalent	T044	C1511539
27599297	162	169	adducts	T104	C0596040
27599297	173	181	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27599297	238	249	interaction	T044	C0687133
27599297	253	261	busulfan	T109,T121,T131	C0006463
27599297	267	275	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27599297	277	294	Mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27599297	299	313	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
27599297	336	344	busulfan	T109,T121,T131	C0006463
27599297	345	352	adducts	T104	C0596040
27599297	356	361	human	T016	C0086418
27599297	362	375	serum albumin	T116	C0036773
27599297	380	390	hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
27599297	392	399	Albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27599297	404	414	hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
27599297	420	429	incubated	T059	C1439852
27599297	435	443	busulfan	T109,T121,T131	C0006463
27599297	447	464	control compounds	T121	C1254351
27599297	466	474	digested	T039	C0868946
27599297	480	487	trypsin	T116,T121,T126	C0041236
27599297	504	509	LC-MS	T059	C0872318
27599297	512	514	MS	T059	C0037813
27599297	520	556	Thermo Fisher LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro	T073	C0699733
27599297	558	560	MS	T059	C0037813
27599297	561	565	data	T078	C1511726
27599297	597	606	libraries	T116,T130	C0376436
27599297	623	631	peptides	T116	C0030956
27599297	644	656	modification	T169	C0392747
27599297	657	663	search	T052	C1706202
27599297	700	706	adduct	T104	C0596040
27599297	732	744	modification	T169	C0392747
27599297	787	795	database	T170	C0242356
27599297	796	802	search	T052	C1706202
27599297	843	860	visual inspection	T058	C3669138
27599297	874	893	tandem mass spectra	T063	C0599748
27599297	897	903	adduct	T104	C0596040
27599297	914	922	peptides	T116	C0030956
27599297	929	939	structures	T082	C0678594
27599297	943	951	busulfan	T109,T121,T131	C0006463
27599297	952	959	adducts	T104	C0596040
27599297	980	998	chemical structure	T170	C0220807
27599297	1053	1060	adducts	T104	C0596040
27599297	1078	1086	busulfan	T109,T121,T131	C0006463
27599297	1087	1101	monoalkylation	T070	C0002074
27599297	1106	1116	alkylation	T070	C0002074
27599297	1124	1143	amino acid residues	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27599297	1156	1164	busulfan	T109,T121,T131	C0006463
27599297	1212	1219	adducts	T104	C0596040
27599297	1237	1243	sample	T167	C0370003
27599297	1244	1254	processing	T052	C1709694
27599297	1256	1263	Adducts	T104	C0596040
27599297	1288	1291	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
27599297	1293	1296	Glu	T116,T121,T123	C0061472
27599297	1302	1314	His residues	T116,T121,T123	C0019602
27599297	1322	1330	findings	T033	C0243095
27599297	1360	1368	database	T170	C0242356
27599297	1369	1377	searches	T052	C1706202
27599297	1382	1393	experiments	T062	C0681814
27599297	1399	1417	synthetic peptides	T116	C0597551
27599297	1423	1434	combination	T080	C0205195
27599297	1438	1446	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27599297	1447	1457	incubation	T059	C1439852
27599297	1461	1469	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27599297	1479	1483	drug	T121	C1254351
27599297	1499	1516	control compounds	T121	C1254351
27599297	1518	1551	high-resolution mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27599297	1562	1574	modification	T169	C0392747
27599297	1575	1581	search	T052	C1706202
27599297	1608	1619	interaction	T044	C0687133
27599297	1623	1631	busulfan	T109,T121,T131	C0006463
27599297	1637	1645	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27599297	1675	1682	adducts	T104	C0596040
27599297	1721	1729	analysis	T062	C0936012
27599297	1737	1741	data	T078	C1511726
27599297	1777	1786	artifacts	T068	C0085089

27599756|t|Variation analysis of PRIM1 gene in Chinese patients with primary ovarian insufficiency
27599756|a|Insights into common genetic susceptibility between primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) and natural or early menopause have delivered an innovative way of assessing the genetic mechanisms involved in POI. PRIM1 plays a crucial role in DNA replication by synthesizing RNA primers for Okazaki fragments. It is closely associated with age at natural menopause, early menopause and POI in European women. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether mutations in PRIM1 contribute to POI in Chinese women. All exons and exon-intron boundaries of PRIM1 gene were sequenced in 192 Han Chinese women with non-syndromic POI. No plausible mutations were identified. The results suggest that the perturbations in PRIM1 gene are not a common explanation for POI in Chinese women.
27599756	0	18	Variation analysis	T062	C0242481
27599756	22	32	PRIM1 gene	T028	C1335259
27599756	36	43	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27599756	44	52	patients	T101	C0030705
27599756	58	87	primary ovarian insufficiency	T047	C0085215
27599756	109	131	genetic susceptibility	T032	C0314657
27599756	140	169	primary ovarian insufficiency	T047	C0085215
27599756	171	174	POI	T047	C0085215
27599756	180	187	natural	T040	C0856856
27599756	191	206	early menopause	T047	C0025322
27599756	212	221	delivered	T169	C1705822
27599756	257	275	genetic mechanisms	T169	C0017399
27599756	288	291	POI	T047	C0085215
27599756	293	298	PRIM1	T028	C1335259
27599756	323	338	DNA replication	T045	C0598312
27599756	342	354	synthesizing	T052	C1883254
27599756	355	366	RNA primers	T114	C0073429
27599756	371	388	Okazaki fragments	T114	C0069390
27599756	404	419	associated with	T080	C0332281
27599756	420	423	age	T032	C0001779
27599756	427	444	natural menopause	T040	C0856856
27599756	446	461	early menopause	T047	C0025322
27599756	466	469	POI	T047	C0085215
27599756	473	481	European	T098	C0239307
27599756	482	487	women	T098	C0043210
27599756	497	502	study	T062	C2603343
27599756	516	527	investigate	T169	C1292732
27599756	536	545	mutations	T045	C0026882
27599756	549	554	PRIM1	T028	C1335259
27599756	569	572	POI	T047	C0085215
27599756	576	583	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27599756	584	589	women	T098	C0043210
27599756	595	600	exons	T114,T123	C0015295
27599756	605	627	exon-intron boundaries	T114,T123	C0028606
27599756	631	641	PRIM1 gene	T028	C1335259
27599756	647	656	sequenced	T059	C1294197
27599756	664	675	Han Chinese	UnknownType	C0814942
27599756	676	681	women	T098	C0043210
27599756	701	704	POI	T047	C0085215
27599756	719	728	mutations	T045	C0026882
27599756	734	744	identified	T080	C0205396
27599756	775	788	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27599756	792	802	PRIM1 gene	T028	C1335259
27599756	836	839	POI	T047	C0085215
27599756	843	850	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27599756	851	856	women	T098	C0043210

27599942|t|Genotyping of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis and correlation to phenotypic characteristics
27599942|a|Reducing the prevalence of mastitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is essential to improve animal health and reduce economic losses for farmers. The clinical outcome of acute mastitis and risk of progression to persistent mastitis can, at least to some extent, be related to genetic variants of the strain causing the infection. In the present study we have used microarrays to investigate the presence of virulence genes in S. aureus isolates from dairy cows with acute clinical mastitis (n=70) and correlated the findings to other genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Among the most commonly found virulence factors were genes encoding several hemolysin types, leukocidins D and lukM / lukF-P83, clumping factors A and B, fibrinogen binding protein and fibronectin-binding protein A. Some virulence factors e.g. fibronectin-binding protein B and Staphylococcus aureus surface protein G were less common. Genes coding for several staphylococcal enterotoxins and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) were commonly found, especially in one major pulsotype. No beta-lactamase genes were found in any common pulsotype, while present in some rare pulsotypes, indicated to be of human origin. Production of TSST-1, enterotoxins, hemolysins and beta-lactamase could all be positively correlated to presence of the corresponding genes. This study reveals a number of genotypic differences and similarities among common and rare pulsotypes of S. aureus from cases of mastitis in Sweden. The results could help the design of diagnostic tools to guide on-farm interventions according to the expected impact on udder health from a specific S. aureus genotype.
27599942	0	10	Genotyping	T059,T063	C3178894
27599942	14	35	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27599942	39	54	bovine mastitis	T047	C0024895
27599942	74	84	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27599942	85	100	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27599942	128	136	mastitis	T047	C0024895
27599942	147	168	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27599942	170	179	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27599942	205	211	animal	T008	C0003062
27599942	212	218	health	T078	C0018684
27599942	250	257	farmers	T097	C0221460
27599942	283	297	acute mastitis	T047	C0024895
27599942	302	306	risk	T078	C0035647
27599942	325	335	persistent	T079	C0205322
27599942	336	344	mastitis	T047	C0024895
27599942	389	405	genetic variants	T028	C0678941
27599942	413	419	strain	T001	C1518614
27599942	432	441	infection	T046	C3714514
27599942	458	463	study	T062	C2603343
27599942	477	488	microarrays	T073	C1709016
27599942	520	529	virulence	T038	C0042765
27599942	530	535	genes	T028	C0017337
27599942	539	548	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27599942	563	573	dairy cows	T015	C0175925
27599942	579	602	acute clinical mastitis	T047	C0024895
27599942	629	637	findings	T033	C0243095
27599942	647	656	genotypic	T032	C0017431
27599942	661	671	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27599942	672	687	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27599942	719	736	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27599942	742	747	genes	T028	C0017337
27599942	748	756	encoding	T052	C2700640
27599942	765	774	hemolysin	T123	C0019053
27599942	775	780	types	T080	C0332307
27599942	782	795	leukocidins D	T116,T123,T131	C0023504
27599942	800	804	lukM	T116,T123	C0293523
27599942	807	815	lukF-P83	T116,T123	C0033684
27599942	817	835	clumping factors A	T116,T123	C1871029
27599942	840	841	B	T116	C0969304
27599942	843	869	fibrinogen binding protein	T116,T123	C1437844
27599942	874	903	fibronectin-binding protein A	T116,T123	C2976610
27599942	910	927	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27599942	933	962	fibronectin-binding protein B	T116,T123	C2976609
27599942	967	988	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27599942	989	1006	surface protein G	T116,T123	C0025252
27599942	1025	1030	Genes	T028	C0017337
27599942	1050	1077	staphylococcal enterotoxins	T123	C0597508
27599942	1082	1110	toxic shock syndrome toxin-1	T116,T129	C1617068
27599942	1112	1118	TSST-1	T116,T129	C1617068
27599942	1165	1174	pulsotype	T001	C1518614
27599942	1176	1178	No	T033	C1513916
27599942	1179	1199	beta-lactamase genes	T028	C0017337
27599942	1225	1234	pulsotype	T001	C1518614
27599942	1263	1273	pulsotypes	T001	C1518614
27599942	1294	1306	human origin	T077	C4287933
27599942	1322	1328	TSST-1	T116,T129	C1617068
27599942	1330	1342	enterotoxins	T116,T131	C0014372
27599942	1344	1354	hemolysins	T123	C0019053
27599942	1359	1373	beta-lactamase	T116,T126	C0597979
27599942	1442	1447	genes	T028	C0017337
27599942	1454	1459	study	T062	C2603343
27599942	1480	1489	genotypic	T032	C0017431
27599942	1490	1501	differences	T080	C1705242
27599942	1506	1518	similarities	T080	C2348205
27599942	1541	1551	pulsotypes	T001	C1518614
27599942	1555	1564	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27599942	1579	1587	mastitis	T047	C0024895
27599942	1591	1597	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27599942	1636	1652	diagnostic tools	T063	C0949688
27599942	1720	1725	udder	T023	C0242386
27599942	1726	1732	health	T078	C0018684
27599942	1749	1758	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27599942	1759	1767	genotype	T032	C0017431

27600888|t|Uveitis in spondyloarthritis patients and its association with HLA-B27 histocompatibility antigen: prospective study
27600888|a|T o perform a prospective study of clinical presentation and course of uveitis in spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients as well as its association with the HLA-B27 histocompatibility antigen. The study included 219 patients with uveitis, all tested for HLA-B27 antigen and various infections (viral, bacterial, and parasitic) as well as examined for locomotive system involvement. The presence of the HLA-B27 antigen was determined in 142 (64.8%) out of 219 patients, of them 87 were diagnosed with an entity of the SpA group. The remaining 77 (35.2%) patients appeared to be HLA-B27 - negative, but 13 were still diagnosed with an entity of the SpA group. There were 10 (4.6%) patients with 2 or more diseases from the SpA group («clinical decussation»). When comparing the two groups of HLA-B27-positive and negative patients having both SpA and uveitis, no statistically significant difference was found as to the age of onset, site, frequency of attacks, and uni - or bilateral involvement (p>0.05). We also performed a comparison of HLA-B27-positive and negative patients with no account to their SpA status and revealed a higher complication rate in those that were « negative » (p<0.0001), which can be explained by the fact that HLA-B27 - negative patients often have autoimmune or infectious uveitis of different origin notable for long attacks and short remissions. Assessing the site and course of uveitis as well as HLA-B27 testing of uveitis patients has proved important for etiological diagnosis. Diseases of the SpA group have been shown to be 6.7 times more common in HLA-B27-positive patients as compared to HLA-B27 - negative ones. Clinical presentation of uveitis in the presence of SpA in both HLA-B27-positive and negative patients resembles that of idiopathic uveitis - an independent HLA-B27 - associated syndrome (р>0.05). Cases of «decussation» between entities of the SpA group are usually more severe in terms of clinical presentation and course of uveitis and are associated with a worse prognosis. Complications of uveitis are more likely to be found in non-SpA HLA-B27 - negative patients (р<0.0001).
27600888	0	7	Uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	11	28	spondyloarthritis	T047	C0949690
27600888	29	37	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	46	62	association with	T080	C0332281
27600888	63	97	HLA-B27 histocompatibility antigen	T116,T129	C0019740
27600888	99	116	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27600888	131	148	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27600888	152	173	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
27600888	178	184	course	T079	C0750729
27600888	188	195	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	199	216	spondyloarthritis	T047	C0949690
27600888	218	221	SpA	T047	C0949690
27600888	223	231	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	247	263	association with	T080	C0332281
27600888	268	302	HLA-B27 histocompatibility antigen	T116,T129	C0019740
27600888	308	313	study	T062	C2603343
27600888	327	335	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	341	348	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	354	360	tested	T169	C0039593
27600888	365	380	HLA-B27 antigen	T116,T129	C0019740
27600888	393	403	infections	T046	C3714514
27600888	405	410	viral	T047	C0042769
27600888	412	421	bacterial	T047	C0004623
27600888	427	436	parasitic	T047	C0747256
27600888	449	457	examined	T033	C0332128
27600888	462	479	locomotive system	T022	C0026860
27600888	480	491	involvement	T169	C1314939
27600888	497	505	presence	T033	C0150312
27600888	513	528	HLA-B27 antigen	T116,T129	C0019740
27600888	533	543	determined	T080	C0521095
27600888	570	578	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	596	605	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27600888	614	620	entity	T071	C1551338
27600888	628	631	SpA	T047	C0949690
27600888	632	637	group	T078	C0441833
27600888	643	652	remaining	T080	C1527428
27600888	664	672	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	688	695	HLA-B27	T116,T129	C0019740
27600888	698	706	negative	T033	C0205160
27600888	726	735	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27600888	744	750	entity	T071	C1551338
27600888	758	761	SpA	T047	C0949690
27600888	762	767	group	T078	C0441833
27600888	790	798	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	814	822	diseases	T047	C0012634
27600888	832	835	SpA	T047	C0949690
27600888	836	841	group	T078	C0441833
27600888	873	882	comparing	T052	C1707455
27600888	891	897	groups	T078	C0441833
27600888	901	917	HLA-B27-positive	T034	C0239961
27600888	922	930	negative	T033	C0205160
27600888	931	939	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	952	955	SpA	T047	C0949690
27600888	960	967	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	972	997	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27600888	998	1008	difference	T080	C1705242
27600888	1029	1041	age of onset	T081	C0206132
27600888	1043	1047	site	T029	C1515974
27600888	1049	1069	frequency of attacks	T079	C0439603
27600888	1075	1078	uni	T082	C0205092
27600888	1084	1093	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27600888	1094	1105	involvement	T169	C1314939
27600888	1124	1133	performed	T169	C0884358
27600888	1136	1146	comparison	T052	C1707455
27600888	1150	1166	HLA-B27-positive	T034	C0239961
27600888	1171	1179	negative	T033	C0205160
27600888	1180	1188	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	1214	1217	SpA	T047	C0949690
27600888	1218	1224	status	T080	C0449438
27600888	1229	1237	revealed	T080	C0443289
27600888	1240	1246	higher	T080	C0205250
27600888	1247	1259	complication	T046	C0009566
27600888	1260	1264	rate	T081	C1521828
27600888	1286	1294	negative	T033	C0205160
27600888	1349	1356	HLA-B27	T116,T129	C0019740
27600888	1359	1367	negative	T033	C0205160
27600888	1368	1376	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	1388	1398	autoimmune	T047	C3888523
27600888	1402	1420	infectious uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	1424	1433	different	T080	C1705242
27600888	1453	1457	long	T080	C0205166
27600888	1470	1475	short	T081	C1806781
27600888	1476	1486	remissions	T033	C0544452
27600888	1488	1497	Assessing	T058	C0184514
27600888	1502	1506	site	T029	C1515974
27600888	1511	1517	course	T079	C0750729
27600888	1521	1528	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	1540	1547	HLA-B27	T116,T129	C0019740
27600888	1548	1555	testing	T169	C0039593
27600888	1559	1566	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	1567	1575	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	1587	1596	important	T080	C3898777
27600888	1601	1612	etiological	T169	C1314792
27600888	1613	1622	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27600888	1624	1632	Diseases	T047	C0012634
27600888	1640	1643	SpA	T047	C0949690
27600888	1644	1649	group	T078	C0441833
27600888	1676	1681	times	T081	C1632851
27600888	1697	1713	HLA-B27-positive	T034	C0239961
27600888	1714	1722	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	1726	1734	compared	T052	C1707455
27600888	1738	1745	HLA-B27	T116,T129	C0019740
27600888	1748	1756	negative	T033	C0205160
27600888	1763	1784	Clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
27600888	1788	1795	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	1803	1811	presence	T033	C0150312
27600888	1815	1818	SpA	T047	C0949690
27600888	1827	1843	HLA-B27-positive	T034	C0239961
27600888	1848	1856	negative	T033	C0205160
27600888	1857	1865	patients	T101	C0030705
27600888	1884	1902	idiopathic uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	1920	1927	HLA-B27	T116,T129	C0019740
27600888	1930	1940	associated	T080	C0332281
27600888	1941	1949	syndrome	T047	C0039082
27600888	1991	1999	entities	T071	C1551338
27600888	2007	2010	SpA	T047	C0949690
27600888	2011	2016	group	T078	C0441833
27600888	2034	2040	severe	T080	C0205082
27600888	2053	2074	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
27600888	2079	2085	course	T079	C0750729
27600888	2089	2096	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	2105	2120	associated with	T080	C0332281
27600888	2123	2138	worse prognosis	T033	C0278252
27600888	2140	2153	Complications	T046	C0009566
27600888	2157	2164	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27600888	2196	2203	non-SpA	T033	C0243095
27600888	2204	2211	HLA-B27	T116,T129	C0019740
27600888	2214	2222	negative	T033	C0205160
27600888	2223	2231	patients	T101	C0030705

27600929|t|Selenium Ameliorate Peripheral Nerve Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury via Decreased TNF-α
27600929|a|Selenium is considered as a trace element that plays antioxidant role in the body. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of selenium on ameliorating of sciatic nerve ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eighty (80) adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were used. They were divided into 10 groups (n = 8). Then, femoral vessels were obstructed by using 4/0 silk and splitknot techniques. After 3-h ischemia for all the groups, reperfusion was applied for different periods: 3, 7, 14, and 28 days. In half of each experimental group, 0.2 mg/kg selenium was injected intraperitoneally, coinciding with ischemia. After reperfusion, according to the grouping, rats were killed by using high dose of anesthetic drug and then sciatic nerve was removed and fixed. Then, tissue samples were processed and subsequently stained with hematoxylin-eosin, apoptosis, and immunohistochemistry stains. On the third day of reperfusion, the amount of TNF-α as an inflammatory marker of ischemia - reperfusion acute phase increased. On the seventh day of reperfusion, the amount of NF-кB as an apoptotic index and infiltration of mast cells increased in the tissue as a result of development of inflammation. But, on the 14th day of reperfusion, the amount of NF-кB as an apoptotic index decreased to the lowest amount. On the 28th day of reperfusion, the amount of TNF-α as an inflammatory marker decreased to its lowest level. Prescription of selenium concurrent with development of ischemia can reduce the damage caused by sciatic nerve ischemia-reperfusion.
27600929	0	8	Selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27600929	9	19	Ameliorate	T077	C2986411
27600929	20	36	Peripheral Nerve	T023	C0031119
27600929	37	64	Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury	T037	C0349419
27600929	69	78	Decreased	T081	C0205216
27600929	79	84	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27600929	85	93	Selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27600929	113	126	trace element	T123,T196	C0040577
27600929	138	149	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27600929	162	166	body	T017	C1268086
27600929	188	193	study	T062	C2603343
27600929	224	232	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27600929	236	248	ameliorating	T077	C2986411
27600929	252	265	sciatic nerve	T023	C0036394
27600929	266	293	ischemia-reperfusion injury	T037	C0349419
27600929	307	312	adult	T100	C0001675
27600929	313	317	male	T032	C0086582
27600929	318	329	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27600929	386	392	groups	T078	C0441833
27600929	408	423	femoral vessels	T023	C1116455
27600929	429	439	obstructed	T169	C0549186
27600929	453	482	silk and splitknot techniques	T058	C0376583
27600929	494	502	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27600929	515	521	groups	T078	C0441833
27600929	523	534	reperfusion	T061	C0035124
27600929	587	591	days	T079	C0439228
27600929	609	621	experimental	T062	C0681814
27600929	622	627	group	T078	C0441833
27600929	639	647	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27600929	652	678	injected intraperitoneally	T061	C0021493
27600929	696	704	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27600929	712	723	reperfusion	T061	C0035124
27600929	742	750	grouping	T169	C1522242
27600929	752	756	rats	T015	C0034716
27600929	762	768	killed	T078	C0681205
27600929	778	787	high dose	T081	C0444956
27600929	791	806	anesthetic drug	T121	C0002932
27600929	816	829	sciatic nerve	T023	C0036394
27600929	834	841	removed	T080	C0849355
27600929	859	873	tissue samples	T024	C1292533
27600929	879	888	processed	T067	C1522240
27600929	906	936	stained with hematoxylin-eosin	T059	C0523207
27600929	938	947	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27600929	953	980	immunohistochemistry stains	T130	C3687908
27600929	995	998	day	T079	C0439228
27600929	1002	1013	reperfusion	T061	C0035124
27600929	1019	1025	amount	T081	C1265611
27600929	1029	1034	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27600929	1041	1060	inflammatory marker	T201	C0005516
27600929	1064	1072	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27600929	1075	1086	reperfusion	T061	C0035124
27600929	1087	1098	acute phase	T079	C0439557
27600929	1099	1108	increased	T081	C0205217
27600929	1125	1128	day	T079	C0439228
27600929	1132	1143	reperfusion	T061	C0035124
27600929	1149	1155	amount	T081	C1265611
27600929	1159	1164	NF-кB	T116,T129	C0079904
27600929	1171	1186	apoptotic index	T170	C0918012
27600929	1191	1203	infiltration	T046	C0332448
27600929	1207	1217	mast cells	T025	C0024880
27600929	1218	1227	increased	T081	C0205217
27600929	1235	1241	tissue	T024	C0040300
27600929	1257	1268	development	T169	C1527148
27600929	1272	1284	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27600929	1303	1306	day	T079	C0439228
27600929	1310	1321	reperfusion	T061	C0035124
27600929	1327	1333	amount	T081	C1265611
27600929	1337	1342	NF-кB	T116,T129	C0079904
27600929	1349	1364	apoptotic index	T170	C0918012
27600929	1365	1374	decreased	T081	C0205216
27600929	1382	1395	lowest amount	T081	C1265611
27600929	1409	1412	day	T079	C0439228
27600929	1416	1427	reperfusion	T061	C0035124
27600929	1433	1439	amount	T081	C1265611
27600929	1443	1448	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27600929	1455	1474	inflammatory marker	T201	C0005516
27600929	1475	1484	decreased	T081	C0205216
27600929	1492	1498	lowest	T080	C1708760
27600929	1499	1504	level	T080	C0441889
27600929	1506	1518	Prescription	T058	C0033080
27600929	1522	1530	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27600929	1547	1558	development	T169	C1527148
27600929	1562	1570	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27600929	1575	1581	reduce	T080	C0392756
27600929	1586	1592	damage	T169	C1883709
27600929	1603	1616	sciatic nerve	T023	C0036394
27600929	1617	1637	ischemia-reperfusion	T037	C0035126

27601111|t|Human brucellosis in South Africa: Public health and diagnostic pitfalls
27601111|a|Human brucellosis in South Africa (SA) is under-diagnosed and under-reported. This is because many clinicians have little or no experience in managing affected patients, and in part because of the nonspecific and insidious nature of the disease. A case of human brucellosis caused by Brucella melitensis in a patient from the Western Cape Province of SA is described, and the resulting exposure of staff members at two medical microbiology laboratories, as well as the public health investigation that was conducted, are discussed. This article aims to highlight the need for strengthening integration between public health, medical and veterinary services and exposing deficiencies in public health, veterinary and laboratory practices.
27601111	0	5	Human	T016	C0086418
27601111	6	17	brucellosis	T047	C0006309
27601111	21	33	South Africa	T083	C0037712
27601111	35	48	Public health	T170	C3244304
27601111	53	72	diagnostic pitfalls	UnknownType	C0679836
27601111	73	78	Human	T016	C0086418
27601111	79	90	brucellosis	T047	C0006309
27601111	94	106	South Africa	T083	C0037712
27601111	108	110	SA	T083	C0037712
27601111	115	130	under-diagnosed	UnknownType	C0679837
27601111	135	149	under-reported	T033	C0243095
27601111	172	182	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27601111	224	241	affected patients	T080	C0522476
27601111	270	281	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27601111	286	295	insidious	T080	C1288298
27601111	296	317	nature of the disease	T080	C0449786
27601111	321	325	case	T169	C0868928
27601111	329	334	human	T016	C0086418
27601111	335	346	brucellosis	T047	C0006309
27601111	357	376	Brucella melitensis	T007	C0006305
27601111	382	389	patient	T101	C0030705
27601111	399	420	Western Cape Province	UnknownType	C0681784
27601111	424	426	SA	T083	C0037712
27601111	430	439	described	T078	C1552738
27601111	449	458	resulting	T169	C0332294
27601111	471	484	staff members	T097	C1552089
27601111	492	525	medical microbiology laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27601111	542	569	public health investigation	T058	C1827659
27601111	610	617	article	T170	C0282420
27601111	618	622	aims	T078	C1947946
27601111	663	674	integration	T169	C0243126
27601111	683	696	public health	T170	C3244304
27601111	698	705	medical	T058	C0199168
27601111	710	720	veterinary	T091	C0042615
27601111	721	729	services	T057	C0557854
27601111	734	755	exposing deficiencies	T169	C0011155
27601111	759	772	public health	T170	C3244304
27601111	774	784	veterinary	T091	C0042615
27601111	789	799	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877

27601238|t|Survey of Trichinella infection from domestic pigs in the historical endemic areas of Henan province, central China
27601238|a|The aim of this work was to investigate the current situation of Trichinella infection from domestic pigs in the historical endemic areas of Henan province, central China. A total of 823 diaphragm samples from the indoor-raised pigs were collected in five cities of Henan during 2014-2015 and examined by artificial digestion method. The overall prevalence of Trichinella infection in pigs was 0.61 % (5/823). Trichinella larvae were detected in 0.91 % (5/550) of pigs from Nanyang city of Henan. The larval burden in infected animals was 0.03 larvae per gram (lpg) of muscles with a range from 0.02 to 0.05 lpg. The larvae were identified as Trichinella spiralis by multiple PCR. Our study confirms the existence of swine trichinellosis in Henan, but the infection level was under the minimum level for defining infectious sources for humans. However, the prevalence of swine Trichinella infection in Henan need to be further evaluated with a large scale of pork samples for ensuring meat food safety.
27601238	0	6	Survey	T170	C0038951
27601238	10	31	Trichinella infection	T047	C0856687
27601238	37	50	domestic pigs	T015	C1136016
27601238	58	68	historical	T033	C2004062
27601238	69	82	endemic areas	T082	C0205146
27601238	86	100	Henan province	T083	C1514578
27601238	102	115	central China	T083	C0008115
27601238	120	123	aim	T078	C1947946
27601238	132	136	work	T057	C0043227
27601238	144	155	investigate	T169	C1292732
27601238	160	177	current situation	T033	C0150312
27601238	181	202	Trichinella infection	T047	C0856687
27601238	208	221	domestic pigs	T015	C1136016
27601238	229	239	historical	T033	C2004062
27601238	240	253	endemic areas	T082	C0205146
27601238	257	271	Henan province	T083	C1514578
27601238	273	286	central China	T083	C0008115
27601238	303	320	diaphragm samples	T031	C3687538
27601238	330	348	indoor-raised pigs	T015	C1136016
27601238	354	363	collected	T169	C1516698
27601238	367	371	five	T081	C0205451
27601238	372	378	cities	T083	C0008848
27601238	382	387	Henan	T083	C1514578
27601238	409	417	examined	T033	C0332128
27601238	421	448	artificial digestion method	T169	C0025664
27601238	454	472	overall prevalence	T081	C1707459
27601238	476	497	Trichinella infection	T047	C0856687
27601238	501	505	pigs	T015	C0039005
27601238	526	544	Trichinella larvae	T204	C0546803
27601238	550	558	detected	T033	C0442726
27601238	580	584	pigs	T015	C0039005
27601238	590	602	Nanyang city	T083	C0008848
27601238	606	611	Henan	T083	C1514578
27601238	617	623	larval	T204	C0023047
27601238	624	630	burden	T078	C2828008
27601238	634	650	infected animals	T033	C0237158
27601238	660	666	larvae	T204	C0023047
27601238	685	692	muscles	T024	C0026845
27601238	700	705	range	T081	C1514721
27601238	733	739	larvae	T204	C0546803
27601238	745	755	identified	T080	C0205396
27601238	759	779	Trichinella spiralis	T204	C0040892
27601238	783	795	multiple PCR	T063	C3179032
27601238	801	806	study	T062	C2603343
27601238	807	815	confirms	T080	C0521093
27601238	820	829	existence	T077	C2987476
27601238	833	838	swine	T015	C0039005
27601238	839	853	trichinellosis	T047	C0040896
27601238	857	862	Henan	T083	C1514578
27601238	872	881	infection	T046	C3714514
27601238	882	887	level	T080	C0441889
27601238	902	915	minimum level	T080	C0441889
27601238	929	947	infectious sources	T001	C0314732
27601238	952	958	humans	T016	C0086418
27601238	973	983	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27601238	987	992	swine	T015	C0039005
27601238	993	1014	Trichinella infection	T047	C0856687
27601238	1018	1023	Henan	T083	C1514578
27601238	1043	1052	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27601238	1060	1071	large scale	T081	C0549177
27601238	1075	1087	pork samples	T167	C3687765
27601238	1101	1105	meat	T168	C0025017
27601238	1106	1117	food safety	T057	C1456535

27601292|t|Voriconazole metabolism is influenced by severe inflammation: a prospective study
27601292|a|During an infection or inflammation, several drug - metabolizing enzymes in the liver are down-regulated, including cytochrome P450 iso-enzymes. Since voriconazole is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 iso-enzymes, the metabolism of voriconazole can be influenced during inflammation via reduced clearance of the drug, resulting in higher voriconazole trough concentrations. To investigate prospectively the influence of inflammation on voriconazole metabolism and voriconazole trough concent ratio ns. A prospective observational study was performed at the University Medical Center Groningen. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they were ≥18 years old and treated with voriconazole. Voriconazole and voriconazole-N-oxide concentrations were determined in discarded blood samples. To determine the degree of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were used. Subsequently, a longitudinal data analysis was performed to assess the effect of inflammation on the metabolic ratio and voriconazole trough concentration. Thirty-four patients were included. In total 489 voriconazole trough concentrations were included in the longitudinal data analysis. This analysis showed that inflammation, reflected by CRP concentrations, significantly influence d the metabolic ratio, voriconazole trough concentration and voriconazole-N-oxide concentration (all P < 0.001), when corrected for other factors that could influence voriconazole metabolism. The metabolic ratio was decreased by 0.99229(N) and the voriconazole-N-oxide concentration by 0.99775(N), while the voriconazole trough concentration was increased by 1.005321(N), where N is the difference in CRP units (in mg/L). This study shows that voriconazole metabolism is decreased during inflammation, resulting in higher voriconazole trough concentration s. Therefore, frequent monitoring of voriconazole serum concentrations is recommended during and following severe inflammation.
27601292	0	12	Voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	13	23	metabolism	T044	C0683140
27601292	27	37	influenced	T077	C4054723
27601292	41	47	severe	T080	C0205082
27601292	48	60	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27601292	64	81	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27601292	92	101	infection	T046	C3714514
27601292	105	117	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27601292	119	126	several	T081	C0443302
27601292	127	131	drug	T121	C1254351
27601292	134	146	metabolizing	T044	C0683140
27601292	147	154	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27601292	162	167	liver	T023	C0023884
27601292	172	186	down-regulated	T044	C1327624
27601292	198	225	cytochrome P450 iso-enzymes	T116,T126	C0010762
27601292	233	245	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	249	260	extensively	T080	C0205231
27601292	261	272	metabolized	T044	C0683140
27601292	276	303	cytochrome P450 iso-enzymes	T116,T126	C0010762
27601292	309	319	metabolism	T044	C0683140
27601292	323	335	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	343	353	influenced	T077	C4054723
27601292	361	373	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27601292	378	385	reduced	T080	C0392756
27601292	386	407	clearance of the drug	T039	C0683151
27601292	422	428	higher	T080	C0205250
27601292	429	441	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	442	463	trough concentrations	T081	C3640757
27601292	498	507	influence	T077	C4054723
27601292	511	523	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27601292	527	539	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	540	550	metabolism	T044	C0683140
27601292	555	567	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	568	591	trough concent ratio ns	T081	C3640757
27601292	583	588	ratio	T081	C0456603
27601292	595	626	prospective observational study	T062	C0033522
27601292	648	673	University Medical Center	T073,T093	C0000872
27601292	674	683	Groningen	T083	C0017446
27601292	685	693	Patients	T101	C0030705
27601292	699	707	eligible	T080	C1548635
27601292	712	721	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27601292	753	765	treated with	T061	C0332293
27601292	766	778	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	780	792	Voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	797	817	voriconazole-N-oxide	T109,T121	C4263709
27601292	818	832	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27601292	862	875	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27601292	894	900	degree	T081	C0449286
27601292	904	916	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27601292	918	957	C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations	T059	C0201657
27601292	985	1011	longitudinal data analysis	T062	C0023981
27601292	1029	1035	assess	T058	C0184514
27601292	1040	1046	effect	T080	C1280500
27601292	1050	1062	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27601292	1070	1079	metabolic	T044	C0683140
27601292	1080	1085	ratio	T081	C0456603
27601292	1090	1102	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	1103	1123	trough concentration	T081	C3640757
27601292	1137	1145	patients	T101	C0030705
27601292	1174	1186	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	1187	1208	trough concentrations	T081	C3640757
27601292	1230	1256	longitudinal data analysis	T062	C0023981
27601292	1263	1271	analysis	T062	C0023981
27601292	1284	1296	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27601292	1311	1329	CRP concentrations	T059	C0201657
27601292	1345	1354	influence	T077	C4054723
27601292	1361	1370	metabolic	T044	C0683140
27601292	1371	1376	ratio	T081	C0456603
27601292	1378	1390	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	1391	1411	trough concentration	T081	C3640757
27601292	1416	1436	voriconazole-N-oxide	T109,T121	C4263709
27601292	1437	1450	concentration	T081	C1446561
27601292	1493	1500	factors	T169	C1521761
27601292	1512	1521	influence	T077	C4054723
27601292	1522	1534	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	1535	1545	metabolism	T044	C0683140
27601292	1551	1560	metabolic	T044	C0683140
27601292	1561	1566	ratio	T081	C0456603
27601292	1571	1580	decreased	T081	C0205216
27601292	1603	1623	voriconazole-N-oxide	T109,T121	C4263709
27601292	1624	1637	concentration	T081	C1446561
27601292	1663	1675	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	1676	1696	trough concentration	T081	C3640757
27601292	1701	1710	increased	T081	C0205217
27601292	1756	1759	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
27601292	1799	1811	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	1812	1822	metabolism	T044	C0683140
27601292	1826	1835	decreased	T081	C0205216
27601292	1843	1855	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27601292	1870	1876	higher	T080	C0205250
27601292	1877	1889	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	1890	1910	trough concentration	T081	C3640757
27601292	1925	1933	frequent	T079	C0332183
27601292	1934	1944	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27601292	1948	1960	voriconazole	T109,T121	C0393080
27601292	1961	1981	serum concentrations	T081	C0683149
27601292	2018	2024	severe	T080	C0205082
27601292	2025	2037	inflammation	T046	C0021368

27601501|t|Methodology of AA CRASH: a prospective observational study evaluating the incidence and pathogenesis of adverse post-traumatic sequelae in African-Americans experiencing motor vehicle collision
27601501|a|A motor vehicle collision (MVC) is one of the most common life-threatening events experienced by individuals living in the USA. While most individuals recover following MVC, a significant proportion of individuals develop adverse post-traumatic sequelae such as post-traumatic stress disorder or persistent musculoskeletal pain. Adverse post-traumatic sequelae are common, morbid and costly public health problems in the USA and other industrialised countries. The pathogenesis of these disorders following MVC remains poorly understood. In the USA, available data suggest that African-Americans experience an increased burden of adverse post-traumatic sequelae after MVC compared to European Americans, but to date no studies examining the pathogenesis of these disorders among African-Americans experiencing MVC have been performed. The African-American CRASH (AA CRASH) study is an NIH - funded, multicentre, prospective study that enrols African-Americans (n=900) who present to the emergency department (ED) within 24 hours of MVC. Participants are enrolled at 13 ED sites in the USA. Individuals who are admitted to the hospital or who report a fracture or tissue injury are excluded. Participants complete a detailed ED interview that includes an assessment of crash history, current post-traumatic symptoms and health status prior to the MVC. Blood samples are also collected in the ED using PAXgene DNA and PAXgene RNA tubes. Serial mixed-mode assessments 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after MVC include an assessment of adverse sequelae, general health status and health service utilisation. The results from this study will provide insights into the incidence and pathogenesis of persistent pain and other post-traumatic sequelae in African-Americans experiencing MVC. AA CRASH has ethics approval in the USA, and the results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
27601501	0	11	Methodology	T078	C3266812
27601501	15	23	AA CRASH	T037	C0000932
27601501	39	58	observational study	T062	C1518527
27601501	74	83	incidence	T081	C0021149
27601501	88	100	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27601501	104	135	adverse post-traumatic sequelae	T046	C1331610
27601501	139	156	African-Americans	T098	C0085756
27601501	170	193	motor vehicle collision	T037	C0000932
27601501	196	219	motor vehicle collision	T037	C0000932
27601501	221	224	MVC	T037	C0000932
27601501	252	275	life-threatening events	T033	C1517874
27601501	291	302	individuals	T098	C0237401
27601501	317	320	USA	T083	C0041703
27601501	333	344	individuals	T098	C0237401
27601501	363	366	MVC	T037	C0000932
27601501	370	392	significant proportion	T081	C1709707
27601501	396	407	individuals	T098	C0237401
27601501	416	447	adverse post-traumatic sequelae	T046	C1331610
27601501	456	486	post-traumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
27601501	501	521	musculoskeletal pain	T033	C0026858
27601501	523	554	Adverse post-traumatic sequelae	T046	C1331610
27601501	567	573	morbid	T033	C0243095
27601501	585	607	public health problems	T033	C0497509
27601501	615	618	USA	T083	C0041703
27601501	629	653	industrialised countries	T080	C0282613
27601501	659	671	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27601501	681	690	disorders	T047	C0012634
27601501	701	704	MVC	T037	C0000932
27601501	739	742	USA	T083	C0041703
27601501	772	789	African-Americans	T098	C0085756
27601501	804	813	increased	T081	C0205217
27601501	814	820	burden	T078	C2828008
27601501	824	855	adverse post-traumatic sequelae	T046	C1331610
27601501	862	865	MVC	T037	C0000932
27601501	878	896	European Americans	T098	C0683983
27601501	935	947	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27601501	957	966	disorders	T037	C0000932
27601501	973	990	African-Americans	T098	C0085756
27601501	1004	1007	MVC	T037	C0000932
27601501	1033	1055	African-American CRASH	T037	C0000932
27601501	1057	1065	AA CRASH	T037	C0000932
27601501	1079	1082	NIH	T093	C0027468
27601501	1085	1091	funded	T062	C0681805
27601501	1093	1104	multicentre	T062	C0206012
27601501	1106	1123	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27601501	1136	1153	African-Americans	T098	C0085756
27601501	1181	1201	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27601501	1203	1205	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27601501	1217	1222	hours	T079	C0439227
27601501	1226	1229	MVC	T037	C0000932
27601501	1231	1243	Participants	T098	C0679646
27601501	1263	1265	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27601501	1279	1282	USA	T083	C0041703
27601501	1284	1295	Individuals	T098	C0237401
27601501	1345	1353	fracture	T037	C0016658
27601501	1357	1363	tissue	T024	C0040300
27601501	1364	1370	injury	T037	C3263723
27601501	1375	1383	excluded	T052	C2828389
27601501	1385	1397	Participants	T098	C0679646
27601501	1418	1420	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27601501	1421	1430	interview	T052	C0021822
27601501	1448	1458	assessment	T058	C0031809
27601501	1462	1475	crash history	T033	C2046386
27601501	1485	1508	post-traumatic symptoms	T184	C1457887
27601501	1513	1526	health status	T080	C0018759
27601501	1540	1543	MVC	T037	C0000932
27601501	1545	1558	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
27601501	1585	1587	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27601501	1594	1605	PAXgene DNA	T073	C4288537
27601501	1610	1627	PAXgene RNA tubes	T073	C4288536
27601501	1629	1646	Serial mixed-mode	T081	C2348146
27601501	1647	1658	assessments	T058	C0031809
27601501	1661	1666	weeks	T079	C0439230
27601501	1670	1676	months	T079	C0439231
27601501	1683	1687	year	T079	C0439234
27601501	1694	1697	MVC	T037	C0000932
27601501	1709	1719	assessment	T058	C0031809
27601501	1723	1739	adverse sequelae	T046	C1331610
27601501	1741	1762	general health status	T080	C0018759
27601501	1767	1793	health service utilisation	UnknownType	C0815187
27601501	1799	1806	results	T169	C1274040
27601501	1817	1822	study	T062	C2603343
27601501	1854	1863	incidence	T081	C0021149
27601501	1868	1880	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27601501	1884	1899	persistent pain	T033	C0406836
27601501	1910	1933	post-traumatic sequelae	T046	C1331610
27601501	1937	1954	African-Americans	T098	C0085756
27601501	1968	1971	MVC	T037	C0000932
27601501	1973	1981	AA CRASH	T037	C0000932
27601501	1993	2001	approval	T080	C0205540
27601501	2009	2012	USA	T083	C0041703
27601501	2022	2029	results	T169	C1274040
27601501	2053	2074	peer-reviewed journal	T170	C2985503

27601594|t|Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy of Ovarian Cancer Results in Three Patterns of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Response with Distinct Implications for Immunotherapy
27601594|a|Purpose: Some forms of chemotherapy can enhance antitumor immunity through immunogenic cell death, resulting in increased T-cell activation and tumor infiltration. Such effects could potentially sensitize tumors to immunotherapies, including checkpoint blockade. We investigated whether platinum - and taxane -based chemotherapy for ovarian cancer induces immunologic changes consistent with this possibility. Experimental Design: Matched pre - and post - neoadjuvant chemotherapy tumor samples from 26 high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for a large panel of immune cells and associated factors. The prognostic significance of post - chemotherapy TIL patterns was assessed in an expanded cohort (n = 90).Results: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with increased densities of CD3 (+), CD8 (+), CD8 (+) TIA-1 (+), PD-1 (+) and CD20 (+) TIL. Other immune subsets and factors were unchanged, including CD79a (+) CD138 (+) plasma cells, CD68 (+) macrophages, and MHC class I on tumor cells. Immunosuppressive cell types were also unchanged, including FoxP3 (+) PD-1 (+) cells (putative regulatory T cells), IDO-1 (+) cells, and PD-L1 (+) cells (both macrophages and tumor cells). Hierarchical clustering revealed three response patterns: (i) TIL (high) tumors showed increases in multiple immune markers after chemotherapy; (ii) TIL (low) tumors underwent similar increases, achieving patterns indistinguishable from the first group; and (iii) TIL (negative) cases generally remained negative. Despite the dramatic increases seen in the first two patterns, post- chemotherapy TIL showed limited prognostic significance.Conclusions: Chemotherapy augments pre-existing TIL responses but fails to relieve major immune-suppressive mechanisms or confer significant prognostic benefit. Our findings provide rationale for multipronged approaches to immunotherapy tailored to the baseline features of the tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 925-34. ©2016 AACR.
27601594	0	24	Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
27601594	28	42	Ovarian Cancer	T191	C0029925
27601594	72	101	Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte	T025	C0079722
27601594	102	110	Response	T039	C0301909
27601594	142	155	Immunotherapy	T061	C0278348
27601594	179	191	chemotherapy	T061	C0392920
27601594	204	213	antitumor	T080	C2986475
27601594	214	222	immunity	T039	C0020964
27601594	231	242	immunogenic	T169	C0872192
27601594	243	253	cell death	T043	C0007587
27601594	278	295	T-cell activation	T043	C1155065
27601594	300	318	tumor infiltration	T191	C4060690
27601594	361	367	tumors	T191	C0027651
27601594	371	386	immunotherapies	T061	C0278348
27601594	398	417	checkpoint blockade	T043	C1155873
27601594	443	451	platinum	T196	C0032207
27601594	458	464	taxane	T109,T121	C0215136
27601594	472	484	chemotherapy	T061	C0392920
27601594	489	503	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27601594	512	523	immunologic	T169	C0205470
27601594	566	585	Experimental Design	T062	C0015320
27601594	595	598	pre	T079	C0332152
27601594	605	609	post	T079	C0687676
27601594	612	636	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
27601594	637	650	tumor samples	T024	C0475358
27601594	659	686	high-grade serous carcinoma	T191	C3839280
27601594	688	692	HGSC	T191	C3839280
27601594	720	740	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27601594	742	745	IHC	T060	C0021044
27601594	768	780	immune cells	T025	C0312740
27601594	836	840	post	T079	C0687676
27601594	843	855	chemotherapy	T061	C0392920
27601594	856	859	TIL	T025	C0079722
27601594	897	903	cohort	T098	C0599755
27601594	922	946	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
27601594	990	993	CD3	T116,T129	C0108779
27601594	999	1002	CD8	T129	C0085358
27601594	1008	1011	CD8	T129	C0085358
27601594	1016	1021	TIA-1	T116,T129	C1429678
27601594	1027	1031	PD-1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27601594	1040	1044	CD20	T116,T129	C0054946
27601594	1049	1052	TIL	T025	C0079722
27601594	1113	1118	CD79a	T116,T192	C0286618
27601594	1123	1128	CD138	T116,T123	C1609943
27601594	1133	1145	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27601594	1147	1151	CD68	T116,T129	C0108799
27601594	1156	1167	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27601594	1173	1184	MHC class I	T116,T129	C0019629
27601594	1188	1199	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27601594	1201	1218	Immunosuppressive	T047	C4048329
27601594	1219	1223	cell	T025	C0007634
27601594	1261	1266	FoxP3	T116,T123	C4282118
27601594	1271	1275	PD-1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27601594	1280	1285	cells	T025	C0039198
27601594	1296	1314	regulatory T cells	T025	C0039198
27601594	1317	1322	IDO-1	T116,T126	C3529891
27601594	1338	1343	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
27601594	1360	1371	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27601594	1376	1387	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27601594	1390	1413	Hierarchical clustering	T062	C1881045
27601594	1452	1455	TIL	T025	C0079722
27601594	1463	1469	tumors	T191	C0027651
27601594	1499	1513	immune markers	T080	C0162489
27601594	1520	1532	chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
27601594	1539	1542	TIL	T025	C0079722
27601594	1654	1657	TIL	T025	C0079722
27601594	1659	1667	negative	T033	C0205160
27601594	1694	1702	negative	T033	C0205160
27601594	1773	1785	chemotherapy	T061	C0392920
27601594	1786	1789	TIL	T025	C0079722
27601594	1842	1854	Chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
27601594	1877	1880	TIL	T025	C0079722
27601594	1881	1890	responses	T039	C0301909
27601594	1918	1947	immune-suppressive mechanisms	T047	C1840264
27601594	2052	2065	immunotherapy	T061	C0278348
27601594	2107	2129	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626

27601937|t|Molecular mechanism leading to SAHA - induced autophagy in tumor cells: evidence for a p53 -dependent pathway
27601937|a|Recent studies indicated that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), a class of anticancer agents, are in addition to their ability of apoptosis induction also capable of provoking autophagy. Promoted by the treatment of malignant uterine sarcoma cells with the HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), we previously demonstrated predominant dose-dependent activation of autophagy in ESS-1 cells, but prevalent induction of apoptosis in MES-SA cells. In order to extend our previous studies, SAHA - treated ESS-1 and MES-SA cells were monitored for protein expression to reveal differences in known markers of apoptosis explaining the different cytotoxic responses. Further analysis of the identified candidate protein included cell rescue experiments by gene transfer followed by subsequent screening of cells for induction of apoptosis and autophagy by immunoblotting, caspase activity as well as LC3 and MDC / PI staining. LDH release assays were performed to assess the amount of cell -mediated cytotoxicity. In our search for responsible autophagic regulatory genes upstream of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), we now discovered that, in contrast to MES-SA cells, a TP53-637C>T nonsense mutation located in the transactivating domain of the oncogenic suppressor p53 causes loss of its protein and consequently reduced PUMA induction in ESS-1 cells. Upon re-introduction of wild-type TP53, SAHA - treated ESS-1 cells underwent immediate apoptotic cell death as supported by upregulation of PUMA and caspase-9 as well as by activation of caspases-3 and - 7 and PARP-1 cleavage. Concurrent downregulation of autophagy was noticed by upregulated mTor and phospho-mTOR expression as well as monitoring autophagosome formation employing LC3 and MDC staining. Previously, cytoplasmic master regulatory activities of the oncogenic suppressor p53 in inhibiting autophagy and triggering apoptosis were unravelled. Accordingly, p53 - deficiency could explain both, the previously documented apoptosis resistance and prevailing SAHA - induced autophagy in ESS-1 cells. Using MES-SA cells with RNAi-silenced p53 expression and several p53 - deficient tumor cell lines undergoing SAHA - induced autophagy, we could generally validate our finding suggesting an inhibitory role for p53 in the autophagic pathway in response to SAHA treatment. Conclusively, these results could identify cytoplasmic p53 protein as a molecular switch that directly mediates the cytotoxic response of SAHA and thus open new therapeutic avenues.
27601937	0	19	Molecular mechanism	T044	C3537153
27601937	31	35	SAHA	T109,T121	C0672708
27601937	38	45	induced	T169	C0205263
27601937	46	55	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27601937	59	70	tumor cells	T025	C0431085
27601937	87	90	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27601937	102	109	pathway	T044	C1704259
27601937	117	124	studies	T062	C2603343
27601937	140	170	histone deacetylase inhibitors	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27601937	172	177	HDACi	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27601937	191	208	anticancer agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27601937	246	265	apoptosis induction	T043	C1326205
27601937	292	301	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27601937	319	328	treatment	T061	C0087111
27601937	332	341	malignant	T191	C0006826
27601937	342	357	uterine sarcoma	T191	C0338113
27601937	358	363	cells	T025	C0007634
27601937	373	378	HDACi	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27601937	379	410	suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid	T109,T121	C0672708
27601937	412	416	SAHA	T109,T121	C0672708
27601937	458	472	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27601937	473	483	activation	T052	C1879547
27601937	487	496	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27601937	500	511	ESS-1 cells	T025	C0007600
27601937	527	536	induction	T169	C0205263
27601937	540	549	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27601937	553	565	MES-SA cells	T025	C0007600
27601937	599	606	studies	T062	C2603343
27601937	608	612	SAHA	T109,T121	C0672708
27601937	615	622	treated	T169	C1522326
27601937	623	628	ESS-1	T025	C0007600
27601937	633	645	MES-SA cells	T025	C0007600
27601937	665	683	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27601937	715	722	markers	T201	C0005516
27601937	726	735	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27601937	761	770	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27601937	771	780	responses	T032	C0871261
27601937	790	798	analysis	T062	C0936012
27601937	827	834	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27601937	844	848	cell	T025	C0007634
27601937	856	867	experiments	T062	C0681814
27601937	871	884	gene transfer	T063	C1517499
27601937	921	926	cells	T025	C0007634
27601937	931	940	induction	T169	C0205263
27601937	944	953	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27601937	958	967	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27601937	971	985	immunoblotting	T059	C0020985
27601937	987	1003	caspase activity	T044	C1150130
27601937	1015	1018	LC3	T116,T123	C1144120
27601937	1023	1026	MDC	T109,T121	C0066746
27601937	1029	1031	PI	T109,T130	C0033470
27601937	1032	1040	staining	T059	C0487602
27601937	1042	1045	LDH	T116,T126	C0022917
27601937	1054	1060	assays	T059	C0005507
27601937	1100	1104	cell	T025	C0007634
27601937	1115	1127	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27601937	1159	1169	autophagic	T026	C0333781
27601937	1170	1186	regulatory genes	T028	C0017362
27601937	1199	1228	mammalian target of rapamycin	T028	C1414805
27601937	1230	1234	mTOR	T028	C1414805
27601937	1276	1288	MES-SA cells	T025	C0007600
27601937	1292	1303	TP53-637C>T	T045	C0026882
27601937	1304	1321	nonsense mutation	T049	C0544885
27601937	1337	1352	transactivating	T045	C0040624
27601937	1367	1391	oncogenic suppressor p53	T028	C0079419
27601937	1411	1418	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27601937	1444	1448	PUMA	T116,T123	C1310243
27601937	1449	1458	induction	T169	C0205263
27601937	1462	1473	ESS-1 cells	T025	C0007600
27601937	1499	1508	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27601937	1509	1513	TP53	T028	C0079419
27601937	1515	1519	SAHA	T109,T121	C0672708
27601937	1522	1529	treated	T169	C1522326
27601937	1530	1541	ESS-1 cells	T025	C0007600
27601937	1562	1582	apoptotic cell death	T043	C0162638
27601937	1599	1611	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27601937	1615	1619	PUMA	T116,T123	C1310243
27601937	1624	1633	caspase-9	T116,T126	C0910167
27601937	1648	1658	activation	T052	C1879547
27601937	1662	1672	caspases-3	T116,T126	C0010656
27601937	1679	1680	7	T116,T126	C0010656
27601937	1685	1691	PARP-1	T116,T126	C1567710
27601937	1713	1727	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27601937	1731	1740	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27601937	1756	1767	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27601937	1768	1772	mTor	T116,T126	C1307407
27601937	1777	1789	phospho-mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
27601937	1790	1800	expression	T045	C1171362
27601937	1823	1846	autophagosome formation	T043	C2611772
27601937	1857	1860	LC3	T116,T123	C1144120
27601937	1865	1868	MDC	T109,T121	C0066746
27601937	1869	1877	staining	T059	C0487602
27601937	1891	1902	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27601937	1910	1920	regulatory	T038	C1327622
27601937	1921	1931	activities	T052	C0441655
27601937	1939	1963	oncogenic suppressor p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27601937	1967	1977	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27601937	1978	1987	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27601937	2003	2012	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27601937	2043	2046	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27601937	2049	2059	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27601937	2106	2115	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27601937	2116	2126	resistance	T039	C1514892
27601937	2142	2146	SAHA	T109,T121	C0672708
27601937	2149	2156	induced	T169	C0205263
27601937	2157	2166	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27601937	2170	2181	ESS-1 cells	T025	C0007600
27601937	2189	2201	MES-SA cells	T025	C0007600
27601937	2207	2220	RNAi-silenced	T045	C1136031
27601937	2221	2224	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27601937	2225	2235	expression	T045	C1171362
27601937	2248	2251	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27601937	2254	2263	deficient	T169	C0011155
27601937	2264	2280	tumor cell lines	T025	C0085983
27601937	2292	2296	SAHA	T109,T121	C0672708
27601937	2299	2306	induced	T169	C0205263
27601937	2307	2316	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27601937	2372	2382	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27601937	2392	2395	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27601937	2403	2413	autophagic	T026	C0333781
27601937	2414	2421	pathway	T044	C1704259
27601937	2437	2441	SAHA	T109,T121	C0672708
27601937	2442	2451	treatment	T061	C0087111
27601937	2496	2507	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27601937	2508	2519	p53 protein	T116,T123	C0080055
27601937	2525	2541	molecular switch	T044	C3893721
27601937	2569	2578	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27601937	2579	2587	response	T032	C0871261
27601937	2591	2595	SAHA	T109,T121	C0672708
27601937	2614	2625	therapeutic	T061	C0087111

27602058|t|The cnidarian Hydractinia echinata employs canonical and highly adapted histones to pack its DNA
27602058|a|Cnidarians are a group of early branching animals including corals, jellyfish and hydroids that are renowned for their high regenerative ability, growth plasticity and longevity. Because cnidarian genomes are conventional in terms of protein-coding genes, their remarkable features are likely a consequence of epigenetic regulation. To facilitate epigenetics research in cnidarians, we analysed the histone complement of the cnidarian model organism Hydractinia echinata using phylogenomics, proteomics, transcriptomics and mRNA in situ hybridisations. We find that the Hydractinia genome encodes 19 histones and analyse their spatial expression patterns, genomic loci and replication -dependency. Alongside core and other replication - independent histone variants, we find several histone replication -dependent variants, including a rare replication -dependent H3.3, a female germ cell - specific H2A.X and an unusual set of five H2B variants, four of which are male germ cell - specific. We further confirm the absence of protamines in Hydractinia. Since no protamines are found in hydroids, we suggest that the novel H2B variants are pivotal for sperm DNA packaging in this class of Cnidaria. This study adds to the limited number of full histone gene complements available in animals and sets a comprehensive framework for future studies on the role of histones and their post-translational modifications in cnidarian epigenetics. Finally, it provides insight into the evolution of spermatogenesis.
27602058	4	13	cnidarian	T204	C0009222
27602058	14	34	Hydractinia echinata	T204	C1005711
27602058	43	52	canonical	T080	C0443211
27602058	72	80	histones	T116,T123	C0019652
27602058	84	96	pack its DNA	T045	C1158486
27602058	97	107	Cnidarians	T204	C0009222
27602058	114	119	group	T098	C1257890
27602058	129	146	branching animals	T008	C0003062
27602058	157	163	corals	T204	C0324034
27602058	165	174	jellyfish	T204	C0022381
27602058	179	187	hydroids	T204	C0997871
27602058	221	233	regenerative	T042	C0034963
27602058	234	241	ability	T032	C0085732
27602058	243	249	growth	T040	C0018270
27602058	250	260	plasticity	T070	C0678558
27602058	265	274	longevity	T079	C0023980
27602058	284	293	cnidarian	T204	C0009222
27602058	294	301	genomes	T028	C0017428
27602058	331	351	protein-coding genes	T028	C3839127
27602058	407	428	epigenetic regulation	T043	C1160454
27602058	444	455	epigenetics	T045	C1516924
27602058	456	464	research	T062	C0035168
27602058	468	478	cnidarians	T204	C0009222
27602058	483	491	analysed	T062	C0936012
27602058	496	503	histone	T116,T123	C0019652
27602058	504	514	complement	T116,T129	C0312743
27602058	522	531	cnidarian	T204	C0009222
27602058	532	546	model organism	T075	C0026339
27602058	547	567	Hydractinia echinata	T204	C1005711
27602058	574	587	phylogenomics	T062	C0035177
27602058	589	599	proteomics	T062	C0035177
27602058	601	616	transcriptomics	T062	C0035177
27602058	621	648	mRNA in situ hybridisations	T062	C0035177
27602058	667	678	Hydractinia	T204	C1000548
27602058	679	685	genome	T028	C0017428
27602058	697	705	histones	T116,T123	C0019652
27602058	710	717	analyse	T062	C0936012
27602058	724	742	spatial expression	T045	C1171362
27602058	743	751	patterns	T082	C0449774
27602058	753	765	genomic loci	T028	C0678933
27602058	770	781	replication	T045	C0598312
27602058	820	831	replication	T045	C0598312
27602058	834	845	independent	T078	C0085862
27602058	846	853	histone	T116,T123	C0019652
27602058	854	862	variants	T080	C0205419
27602058	880	887	histone	T116,T123	C0019652
27602058	888	899	replication	T045	C0598312
27602058	911	919	variants	T080	C0205419
27602058	938	949	replication	T045	C0598312
27602058	961	965	H3.3	T116,T123	C0086412
27602058	969	975	female	T032	C0086287
27602058	976	985	germ cell	T025	C0017471
27602058	988	996	specific	T080	C0205369
27602058	997	1002	H2A.X	T116,T123	C0019652
27602058	1030	1033	H2B	T116,T123	C0086411
27602058	1034	1042	variants	T080	C0205419
27602058	1062	1066	male	T032	C0086582
27602058	1067	1076	germ cell	T025	C0017471
27602058	1079	1087	specific	T080	C0205369
27602058	1123	1133	protamines	T116,T121,T123	C0033603
27602058	1137	1148	Hydractinia	T204	C1000548
27602058	1159	1169	protamines	T116,T121,T123	C0033603
27602058	1183	1191	hydroids	T204	C0997871
27602058	1219	1222	H2B	T116,T123	C0086411
27602058	1223	1231	variants	T080	C0205419
27602058	1248	1253	sperm	T025	C0037868
27602058	1254	1267	DNA packaging	T045	C1158486
27602058	1285	1293	Cnidaria	T204	C0009222
27602058	1300	1305	study	T062	C2603343
27602058	1341	1348	histone	T116,T123	C0019652
27602058	1349	1353	gene	T028	C0017337
27602058	1349	1365	gene complements	T116,T129	C0009498
27602058	1379	1386	animals	T008	C0003062
27602058	1433	1440	studies	T062	C2603343
27602058	1456	1464	histones	T116,T123	C0019652
27602058	1475	1507	post-translational modifications	T044	C0033666
27602058	1511	1520	cnidarian	T204	C0009222
27602058	1521	1532	epigenetics	T045	C1516924
27602058	1572	1581	evolution	T045	C0015219
27602058	1585	1600	spermatogenesis	T043	C0037864

27602107|t|Distinctive pattern of let-7 family microRNAs in aggressive carcinoma of the oral tongue in young patients
27602107|a|Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma may be more aggressive at presentation and recurrence in young patients compared with older patients. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) has been associated with the development and prognosis of oral cavity cancer. The present study investigated miRNA expression in carcinoma of the oral tongue in young patients. miRNA expression profiles were evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of tumor and normal mucosa from 12 patients aged <30 years old with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue. The levels of let-7f-5p, miR-30b-5p and let-7e-5p were upregulated in tumors (P<0.05). The expression of let-7f-5p was upregulated in non-aggressive tumors, while the expression of let-7e-5p was upregulated in aggressive tumors, compared with the corresponding normal tissue. Aggressive tumors had higher levels of let-7c, miR-130a-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-99a-5p, miR-29c-3p and let-7d-5p than non-aggressive tumors (P<0.05). The findings remained significant for let-7c upon false-discovery rate correction. An excellent correlation was noticed on validation of NanoString counts by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The comparison with published findings in adults demonstrated a unique miRNA signature in young patients with aggressive disease. Aggressive oral cavity cancer in patients <30 years old is associated with a distinctive expression pattern of the let-7 family. Larger studies including direct comparison with older patients are warranted.
27602107	0	11	Distinctive	T080	C1521970
27602107	12	19	pattern	T082	C0449774
27602107	23	28	let-7	T086	C1708690
27602107	29	35	family	T077	C1704727
27602107	36	45	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27602107	49	69	aggressive carcinoma	T191	C2945759
27602107	77	88	oral tongue	T023	C0040408
27602107	92	97	young	T079	C0332239
27602107	98	106	patients	T101	C0030705
27602107	107	142	Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0585362
27602107	155	165	aggressive	T033	C0243095
27602107	169	181	presentation	T078	C0449450
27602107	186	196	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27602107	200	205	young	T079	C0332239
27602107	206	214	patients	T101	C0030705
27602107	215	223	compared	T052	C1707455
27602107	229	234	older	T098	C0001792
27602107	235	243	patients	T101	C0030705
27602107	245	258	Dysregulation	T169	C0205245
27602107	262	271	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27602107	273	279	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27602107	283	287	miRs	T114,T123	C1101610
27602107	298	313	associated with	T080	C0332281
27602107	318	329	development	T040	C0678723
27602107	334	343	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27602107	347	365	oral cavity cancer	T191	C0151546
27602107	379	384	study	T062	C2603343
27602107	385	397	investigated	T169	C1292732
27602107	398	414	miRNA expression	T045	C0017262
27602107	418	446	carcinoma of the oral tongue	T191	C0558353
27602107	450	455	young	T079	C0332239
27602107	456	464	patients	T101	C0030705
27602107	466	471	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27602107	472	491	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
27602107	497	506	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27602107	510	551	formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples	T024	C2711483
27602107	555	560	tumor	T191	C0027651
27602107	572	578	mucosa	T024	C0026724
27602107	587	595	patients	T101	C0030705
27602107	611	614	old	T079	C0580836
27602107	620	657	squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue	T191	C0349566
27602107	663	669	levels	T080	C0441889
27602107	673	682	let-7f-5p	T114	C2976082
27602107	684	694	miR-30b-5p	T114	C2741800
27602107	699	708	let-7e-5p	T114	C2605091
27602107	714	725	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27602107	729	735	tumors	T191	C0027651
27602107	750	760	expression	T045	C0017262
27602107	764	773	let-7f-5p	T114	C2976082
27602107	778	789	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27602107	793	807	non-aggressive	T033	C0243095
27602107	808	814	tumors	T191	C0027651
27602107	826	836	expression	T045	C0017262
27602107	840	849	let-7e-5p	T114	C2605091
27602107	854	865	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27602107	869	886	aggressive tumors	T191	C2945759
27602107	888	896	compared	T052	C1707455
27602107	927	933	tissue	T024	C0040300
27602107	935	952	Aggressive tumors	T191	C2945759
27602107	957	963	higher	T080	C0205250
27602107	964	970	levels	T080	C0441889
27602107	974	980	let-7c	T114	C2605089
27602107	982	993	miR-130a-3p	T114	C2973798
27602107	995	1005	miR-361-5p	T114,T123	C3496137
27602107	1007	1017	miR-99a-5p	T114,T123	C3253324
27602107	1019	1029	miR-29c-3p	T114,T123	C2354351
27602107	1034	1043	let-7d-5p	T114	C2605097
27602107	1049	1063	non-aggressive	T033	C0243095
27602107	1064	1070	tumors	T191	C0027651
27602107	1085	1093	findings	T033	C0243095
27602107	1103	1114	significant	T078	C0750502
27602107	1119	1125	let-7c	T114	C2605089
27602107	1131	1151	false-discovery rate	T081	C1880720
27602107	1152	1162	correction	T169	C1947976
27602107	1167	1176	excellent	T080	C1961136
27602107	1177	1188	correlation	T080	C1707520
27602107	1204	1214	validation	T062	C1519941
27602107	1218	1235	NanoString counts	T081	C0392762
27602107	1239	1277	quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T059	C2733022
27602107	1283	1293	comparison	T052	C1707455
27602107	1299	1308	published	T170	C1704324
27602107	1309	1317	findings	T033	C0243095
27602107	1321	1327	adults	T100	C0001675
27602107	1343	1349	unique	T080	C1710548
27602107	1350	1355	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27602107	1356	1365	signature	T169	C1708225
27602107	1369	1374	young	T079	C0332239
27602107	1375	1383	patients	T101	C0030705
27602107	1389	1407	aggressive disease	T191	C2945759
27602107	1409	1419	Aggressive	T033	C0243095
27602107	1420	1438	oral cavity cancer	T191	C0151546
27602107	1442	1450	patients	T101	C0030705
27602107	1461	1464	old	T079	C0580836
27602107	1468	1483	associated with	T080	C0332281
27602107	1486	1497	distinctive	T080	C1521970
27602107	1498	1508	expression	T045	C0017262
27602107	1509	1516	pattern	T082	C0449774
27602107	1524	1529	let-7	T086	C1708690
27602107	1530	1536	family	T077	C1704727
27602107	1538	1544	Larger	T081	C0549177
27602107	1545	1552	studies	T062	C2603343
27602107	1553	1562	including	T169	C0332257
27602107	1563	1569	direct	T080	C1947931
27602107	1570	1580	comparison	T052	C1707455
27602107	1586	1591	older	T098	C0001792
27602107	1592	1600	patients	T101	C0030705
27602107	1605	1614	warranted	T033	C0243095

27602300|t|The adder (Vipera berus) in Southern Altay Mountains: population characteristics, distribution, morphology and phylogenetic position
27602300|a|As the most widely distributed snake in Eurasia, the adder (Vipera berus) has been extensively investigated in Europe but poorly understood in Asia. The Southern Altay Mountains represent the adder's southern distribution limit in Central Asia, whereas its population status has never been assessed. We conducted, for the first time, field surveys for the adder at two areas of Southern Altay Mountains using a combination of line transects and random searches. We also described the morphological characteristics of the collected specimens and conducted analyses of external morphology and molecular phylogeny. The results showed that the adder distributed in both survey sites and we recorded a total of 34 sightings. In Kanas river valley, the estimated encounter rate over a total of 137 km transects was 0.15 ± 0.05 sightings /km. The occurrence of melanism was only 17%. The small size was typical for the adders in Southern Altay Mountains in contrast to other geographic populations of the nominate subspecies. A phylogenetic tree obtained by Bayesian Inference based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (1,023 bp) grouped them within the Northern clade of the species but failed to separate them from the subspecies V. b. sachalinensis. Our discovery extends the distribution range of V. berus and provides a basis for further researches. We discuss the hypothesis that the adder expands its distribution border to the southwest along the mountains ' elevation gradient, but the population abundance declines gradually due to a drying climate.
27602300	4	9	adder	T014	C0206298
27602300	11	23	Vipera berus	T014	C0206298
27602300	28	52	Southern Altay Mountains	T083	C0442533
27602300	54	80	population characteristics	T102	C0032661
27602300	82	94	distribution	T082	C0037775
27602300	96	106	morphology	T080	C0332437
27602300	111	132	phylogenetic position	T080	C1519069
27602300	152	163	distributed	T082	C0037775
27602300	164	169	snake	T014	C0037382
27602300	173	180	Eurasia	T083	C0017446
27602300	186	191	adder	T014	C0206298
27602300	193	205	Vipera berus	T014	C0206298
27602300	216	227	extensively	T080	C0205231
27602300	228	240	investigated	T169	C1292732
27602300	244	250	Europe	T083	C0015176
27602300	276	280	Asia	T083	C0003980
27602300	286	310	Southern Altay Mountains	T083	C0442533
27602300	325	332	adder's	T014	C0206298
27602300	333	341	southern	T082	C1710133
27602300	342	354	distribution	T082	C0037775
27602300	355	360	limit	T169	C0439801
27602300	364	376	Central Asia	T083	C0003982
27602300	390	407	population status	T081	C0032671
27602300	423	431	assessed	T052	C1516048
27602300	467	480	field surveys	T062	C1517184
27602300	489	494	adder	T014	C0206298
27602300	502	507	areas	T082	C0205146
27602300	511	535	Southern Altay Mountains	T083	C0442533
27602300	544	555	combination	T080	C0205195
27602300	559	573	line transects	T062	C0242481
27602300	578	584	random	T080	C0439605
27602300	585	593	searches	T052	C1706202
27602300	617	646	morphological characteristics	T080	C0332437
27602300	654	673	collected specimens	T059	C0200345
27602300	688	696	analyses	T062	C0936012
27602300	700	708	external	T082	C0205101
27602300	709	719	morphology	T080	C0332437
27602300	724	743	molecular phylogeny	T078	C0031797
27602300	749	756	results	T033	C0683954
27602300	773	778	adder	T014	C0206298
27602300	779	790	distributed	T082	C0037775
27602300	799	805	survey	T062	C0011296
27602300	806	811	sites	T082	C0205145
27602300	819	827	recorded	T170	C0034869
27602300	842	851	sightings	T053	C1947978
27602300	856	874	Kanas river valley	T082	C0563004
27602300	880	889	estimated	T081	C0750572
27602300	890	899	encounter	T053	C1947978
27602300	900	904	rate	T081	C1521828
27602300	928	937	transects	T062	C0242481
27602300	954	963	sightings	T053	C1947978
27602300	973	983	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27602300	987	995	melanism	T047	C0025209
27602300	1014	1024	small size	T033	C0748864
27602300	1029	1036	typical	T080	C3538928
27602300	1045	1051	adders	T014	C0206298
27602300	1055	1079	Southern Altay Mountains	T083	C0442533
27602300	1101	1123	geographic populations	T081	C0032659
27602300	1131	1139	nominate	T052	C1707391
27602300	1140	1150	subspecies	T185	C1883207
27602300	1154	1171	phylogenetic tree	T080	C1519069
27602300	1172	1180	obtained	T169	C1301820
27602300	1184	1202	Bayesian Inference	T081	C0242196
27602300	1212	1225	DNA sequences	T086	C0162326
27602300	1233	1259	mitochondrial cytochrome b	T116,T126	C0010744
27602300	1271	1278	grouped	T082	C0439745
27602300	1295	1309	Northern clade	T081	C0032659
27602300	1317	1324	species	T185	C1705920
27602300	1339	1347	separate	T080	C0443299
27602300	1362	1372	subspecies	T185	C1883207
27602300	1373	1392	V. b. sachalinensis	T014	C0206298
27602300	1398	1407	discovery	T052	C1880355
27602300	1420	1432	distribution	T082	C0037775
27602300	1433	1438	range	T081	C1514721
27602300	1442	1450	V. berus	T014	C0206298
27602300	1466	1471	basis	T169	C1527178
27602300	1484	1494	researches	T062	C0035168
27602300	1511	1521	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27602300	1531	1536	adder	T014	C0206298
27602300	1537	1544	expands	T082	C0205229
27602300	1549	1561	distribution	T082	C0037775
27602300	1562	1568	border	T185	C2828371
27602300	1576	1585	southwest	T082	C1710136
27602300	1596	1605	mountains	T083	C0442533
27602300	1608	1617	elevation	T082	C0702240
27602300	1618	1626	gradient	T081	C0812409
27602300	1636	1646	population	T098	C1257890
27602300	1647	1656	abundance	T080	C2346714
27602300	1657	1665	declines	T081	C0547047
27602300	1666	1675	gradually	T080	C0439833
27602300	1685	1699	drying climate	T070	C0681771

27602302|t|Selection of a marker gene to construct a reference library for wetland plants, and the application of metabarcoding to analyze the diet of wintering herbivorous waterbirds
27602302|a|Food availability and diet selection are important factors influencing the abundance and distribution of wild waterbirds. In order to better understand changes in waterbird population, it is essential to figure out what they feed on. However, analyzing their diet could be difficult and inefficient using traditional methods such as microhistologic observation. Here, we addressed this gap of knowledge by investigating the diet of greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons and bean goose Anser fabalis, which are obligate herbivores wintering in China, mostly in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River floodplain. First, we selected a suitable and high-resolution marker gene for wetland plants that these geese would consume during the wintering period. Eight candidate genes were included: rbcL, rpoC1, rpoB, matK, trnH-psbA, trnL (UAA), atpF-atpH, and psbK-psbI. The selection was performed via analysis of representative sequences from NCBI and comparison of amplification efficiency and resolution power of plant samples collected from the wintering area. The trnL gene was chosen at last with c/h primers, and a local plant reference library was constructed with this gene. Then, utilizing DNA metabarcoding, we discovered 15 food items in total from the feces of these birds. Of the 15 unique dietary sequences, 10 could be identified at specie level. As for greater white-fronted goose, 73% of sequences belonged to Poaceae spp., and 26% belonged to Carex spp. In contrast, almost all sequences of bean goose belonged to Carex spp. (99%). Using the same samples, microhistology provided consistent food composition with metabarcoding results for greater white-fronted goose, while 13% of Poaceae was recovered for bean goose. In addition, two other taxa were discovered only through microhistologic analysis. Although most of the identified taxa matched relatively well between the two methods, DNA metabarcoding gave taxonomically more detailed information. Discrepancies were likely due to biased PCR amplification in metabarcoding, low discriminating power of current marker genes for monocots, and biases in microhistologic analysis. The diet differences between two geese species might indicate deeper ecological significance beyond the scope of this study. We concluded that DNA metabarcoding provides new perspectives for studies of herbivorous waterbird diets and inter-specific interactions, as well as new possibilities to investigate interactions between herbivores and plants. In addition, microhistologic analysis should be used together with metabarcoding methods to integrate this information.
27602302	0	9	Selection	T052	C1707391
27602302	15	26	marker gene	T028	C0017337
27602302	42	59	reference library	T073,T092	C0023621
27602302	64	71	wetland	T070	C1721088
27602302	72	78	plants	T002	C0032098
27602302	103	116	metabarcoding	T062	C2936547
27602302	120	127	analyze	T062	C0936012
27602302	132	136	diet	T168	C0012155
27602302	140	149	wintering	T079	C0241737
27602302	150	161	herbivorous	T008	C0562691
27602302	162	172	waterbirds	T012	C0005595
27602302	173	177	Food	T168	C0016452
27602302	178	190	availability	T169	C0470187
27602302	195	199	diet	T168	C0012155
27602302	200	209	selection	T052	C1707391
27602302	224	231	factors	T169	C1521761
27602302	232	243	influencing	T077	C4054723
27602302	248	257	abundance	T080	C2346714
27602302	262	274	distribution	T169	C1704711
27602302	278	282	wild	T170	C0445392
27602302	283	293	waterbirds	T012	C0005595
27602302	325	332	changes	T169	C0392747
27602302	336	345	waterbird	T012	C0005595
27602302	346	356	population	T081	C0032659
27602302	398	405	feed on	T052	C3853577
27602302	416	425	analyzing	T062	C0936012
27602302	432	436	diet	T168	C0012155
27602302	446	455	difficult	T080	C0332218
27602302	460	471	inefficient	T169	C0231185
27602302	490	497	methods	T169	C0025664
27602302	506	533	microhistologic observation	T059	C0019637
27602302	597	601	diet	T168	C0012155
27602302	605	648	greater white-fronted goose Anser albifrons	T012	C1015285
27602302	653	677	bean goose Anser fabalis	T012	C1015285
27602302	689	708	obligate herbivores	T008	C0562691
27602302	709	718	wintering	T079	C0241737
27602302	722	727	China	T083	C0008115
27602302	743	749	Middle	T083	C0017446
27602302	754	784	Lower Yangtze River floodplain	T083	C0017446
27602302	796	804	selected	T052	C1707391
27602302	807	815	suitable	T080	C3900053
27602302	836	847	marker gene	T028	C0017337
27602302	852	859	wetland	T070	C1721088
27602302	860	866	plants	T002	C0032098
27602302	878	883	geese	T012	C0017225
27602302	909	925	wintering period	T079	C0241737
27602302	933	948	candidate genes	T028	C0017337
27602302	964	968	rbcL	T028	C0017337
27602302	970	975	rpoC1	T028	C0017337
27602302	977	981	rpoB	T028	C0017337
27602302	983	987	matK	T028	C1334485
27602302	989	998	trnH-psbA	T087	C2936548
27602302	1000	1004	trnL	T028	C1421162
27602302	1006	1009	UAA	T086	C1956149
27602302	1012	1021	atpF-atpH	T087	C2936548
27602302	1027	1036	psbK-psbI	T087	C2936548
27602302	1042	1051	selection	T052	C1707391
27602302	1070	1078	analysis	T062	C0936012
27602302	1082	1096	representative	T052	C1882932
27602302	1097	1106	sequences	T086	C0162326
27602302	1112	1116	NCBI	T092	C1705803
27602302	1121	1131	comparison	T052	C1707455
27602302	1135	1148	amplification	T045	C0017256
27602302	1149	1159	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27602302	1184	1189	plant	T002	C0032098
27602302	1190	1197	samples	T167	C0370003
27602302	1217	1231	wintering area	T083	C0017446
27602302	1237	1246	trnL gene	T028	C1421162
27602302	1271	1282	c/h primers	T114	C0206416
27602302	1290	1295	local	T082	C0205276
27602302	1296	1301	plant	T002	C0032098
27602302	1302	1319	reference library	T073,T092	C0023621
27602302	1324	1335	constructed	T185	C2827421
27602302	1346	1350	gene	T028	C0017337
27602302	1368	1385	DNA metabarcoding	T062	C2936547
27602302	1390	1400	discovered	T052	C1880355
27602302	1404	1414	food items	T168	C0016452
27602302	1433	1438	feces	T031	C0015733
27602302	1448	1453	birds	T012	C0005595
27602302	1472	1479	dietary	T168	C0012155
27602302	1480	1489	sequences	T086	C0162326
27602302	1517	1523	specie	T185	C1705920
27602302	1524	1529	level	T080	C0441889
27602302	1538	1565	greater white-fronted goose	T012	C1015285
27602302	1574	1583	sequences	T086	C0162326
27602302	1596	1608	Poaceae spp.	T002	C0018210
27602302	1630	1639	Carex spp	T002	C1000671
27602302	1665	1674	sequences	T086	C0162326
27602302	1678	1688	bean goose	T012	C1064115
27602302	1701	1710	Carex spp	T002	C1000671
27602302	1734	1741	samples	T167	C0370003
27602302	1743	1757	microhistology	T059	C0019637
27602302	1767	1777	consistent	T078	C0332290
27602302	1778	1794	food composition	T168	C0459115
27602302	1800	1813	metabarcoding	T062	C2936547
27602302	1814	1821	results	T169	C1274040
27602302	1826	1853	greater white-fronted goose	T012	C1015285
27602302	1868	1875	Poaceae	T002	C0018210
27602302	1894	1904	bean goose	T012	C1064115
27602302	1929	1933	taxa	T077	C1515221
27602302	1939	1949	discovered	T052	C1880355
27602302	1963	1987	microhistologic analysis	T059	C0019637
27602302	2021	2025	taxa	T077	C1515221
27602302	2026	2033	matched	T080	C1708943
27602302	2066	2073	methods	T169	C0025664
27602302	2075	2092	DNA metabarcoding	T062	C2936547
27602302	2098	2111	taxonomically	T169	C0008903
27602302	2117	2137	detailed information	T078	C1533716
27602302	2139	2152	Discrepancies	T033	C1290905
27602302	2172	2178	biased	T078	C0242568
27602302	2179	2182	PCR	T063	C0032520
27602302	2183	2196	amplification	T045	C0017256
27602302	2200	2213	metabarcoding	T062	C2936547
27602302	2219	2233	discriminating	T054	C2987623
27602302	2234	2239	power	T081	C3854080
27602302	2251	2263	marker genes	T028	C0017337
27602302	2268	2276	monocots	T002	C0331451
27602302	2282	2288	biases	T078	C0242568
27602302	2292	2316	microhistologic analysis	T059	C0019637
27602302	2322	2326	diet	T168	C0012155
27602302	2327	2338	differences	T080	C1705242
27602302	2351	2356	geese	T012	C0017225
27602302	2357	2364	species	T185	C1705920
27602302	2387	2397	ecological	T070	C0162358
27602302	2398	2410	significance	T078	C0750502
27602302	2436	2441	study	T062	C2603343
27602302	2461	2478	DNA metabarcoding	T062	C2936547
27602302	2492	2504	perspectives	T170	C0683498
27602302	2509	2516	studies	T062	C2603343
27602302	2520	2531	herbivorous	T008	C0562691
27602302	2532	2541	waterbird	T012	C0005595
27602302	2542	2547	diets	T168	C0012155
27602302	2552	2579	inter-specific interactions	T169	C1704675
27602302	2613	2624	investigate	T169	C1292732
27602302	2625	2637	interactions	T169	C1704675
27602302	2646	2656	herbivores	T008	C0562691
27602302	2661	2667	plants	T002	C0032098
27602302	2682	2706	microhistologic analysis	T059	C0019637
27602302	2736	2757	metabarcoding methods	T062	C2936547
27602302	2776	2787	information	T078	C1533716

27602763|t|Expressions of CD8 + TILs, PD-L1 and Foxp3 + TILs in stage I NSCLC guiding adjuvant chemotherapy decisions
27602763|a|Currently, adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended for patients with high risk stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, identifying high risk patients remains a challenge. This study aims to identify the patient cohorts more likely to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy based on the tumor micro-immune environment. CD8 + TILs significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survial (OS) (p=0.002; 0.040). Patients with high risk factors may also predict shorter DFS (P=0.056). When compared together, patients with high - CD8 + TILs showed better DFS than patients with low - CD8 + TILs, no matter their risk factors status. There's no correlation between PD-L1 expressions and survival. PD-L1 was highly expressed in men, squamous and well differentiated carcinoma. In addition, Foxp3 + TILs alone didn't show any prognostic effects, but low - Foxp3 / high - CD8 + TILs were associated with prolonged DFS (p=0.031). A total of 126 patients with surgically resected stage I NSCLC were included to perform immunohistochemistry of CD8 + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ TILs. CD8 + TILs are effective prognostic predictors. Patients with surgically resected stage I NSCLC showing low CD8 + TILs could be considered for adjuvant chemotherapy, even if they have no high risk features.
27602763	0	11	Expressions	T045	C1171362
27602763	15	18	CD8	T129	C0085358
27602763	21	25	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	27	32	PD-L1	T116,T129	C0965245
27602763	37	42	Foxp3	T116,T123	C1504797
27602763	45	49	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	53	66	stage I NSCLC	T191	C0278504
27602763	75	96	adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
27602763	97	106	decisions	T041	C0679006
27602763	118	139	adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
27602763	143	154	recommended	T078	C0034866
27602763	159	167	patients	T101	C0030705
27602763	173	182	high risk	T033	C0332167
27602763	183	217	stage I non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0278504
27602763	219	224	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27602763	236	247	identifying	T080	C0205396
27602763	248	257	high risk	T033	C0332167
27602763	258	266	patients	T101	C0030705
27602763	293	298	study	T062	C2603343
27602763	299	303	aims	T078	C1947946
27602763	307	315	identify	T080	C0205396
27602763	320	327	patient	T101	C0030705
27602763	328	335	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27602763	364	385	adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
27602763	399	404	tumor	T191	C0027651
27602763	405	417	micro-immune	T169	C0439662
27602763	418	429	environment	T082	C0014406
27602763	431	434	CD8	T129	C0085358
27602763	437	441	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	442	471	significantly associated with	T080	C0332281
27602763	472	493	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
27602763	495	498	DFS	T081	C0242793
27602763	504	519	overall survial	T081	C4086681
27602763	521	523	OS	T081	C4086681
27602763	543	551	Patients	T101	C0030705
27602763	557	574	high risk factors	T033	C1830377
27602763	600	603	DFS	T081	C0242793
27602763	620	628	compared	T052	C1707455
27602763	639	647	patients	T101	C0030705
27602763	653	657	high	T080	C0205250
27602763	660	663	CD8	T129	C0085358
27602763	666	670	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	685	688	DFS	T081	C0242793
27602763	694	702	patients	T101	C0030705
27602763	708	711	low	T080	C0205251
27602763	714	717	CD8	T129	C0085358
27602763	720	724	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	742	754	risk factors	T033	C1830377
27602763	771	785	no correlation	T033	C0243095
27602763	794	799	PD-L1	T116,T129	C0965245
27602763	800	811	expressions	T045	C1171362
27602763	816	824	survival	T169	C0220921
27602763	826	831	PD-L1	T116,T129	C0965245
27602763	836	842	highly	T080	C0205250
27602763	843	852	expressed	T045	C1171362
27602763	856	859	men	T098	C0025266
27602763	861	869	squamous	T080	C1182670
27602763	874	893	well differentiated	T080	C0205615
27602763	894	903	carcinoma	T191	C0278504
27602763	918	923	Foxp3	T116,T123	C1504797
27602763	926	930	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	977	980	low	T080	C0205251
27602763	983	988	Foxp3	T116,T123	C1504797
27602763	991	995	high	T080	C0205250
27602763	998	1001	CD8	T129	C0085358
27602763	1004	1008	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	1014	1029	associated with	T080	C0332281
27602763	1030	1039	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27602763	1040	1043	DFS	T081	C0242793
27602763	1070	1078	patients	T101	C0030705
27602763	1084	1103	surgically resected	T080	C1521996
27602763	1104	1117	stage I NSCLC	T191	C0278504
27602763	1123	1131	included	T169	C0332257
27602763	1143	1163	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27602763	1167	1170	CD8	T129	C0085358
27602763	1173	1203	tumor infiltrating lymphocytes	T025	C0079722
27602763	1205	1209	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	1212	1237	programmed death ligand-1	T116,T129	C0965245
27602763	1239	1244	PD-L1	T116,T129	C0965245
27602763	1250	1265	forkhead box P3	T116,T123	C1504797
27602763	1267	1272	Foxp3	T116,T123	C1504797
27602763	1275	1279	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	1281	1284	CD8	T129	C0085358
27602763	1287	1291	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	1296	1305	effective	T080	C1704419
27602763	1329	1337	Patients	T101	C0030705
27602763	1343	1362	surgically resected	T080	C1521996
27602763	1363	1376	stage I NSCLC	T191	C0278504
27602763	1389	1392	CD8	T129	C0085358
27602763	1395	1399	TILs	T025	C0079722
27602763	1424	1445	adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
27602763	1468	1477	high risk	T033	C0332167

27602898|t|Early goal-directed treatment versus standard care in management of early septic shock: Meta-analysis of randomized trials
27602898|a|Since the incorporation of the early hemodynamic resuscitation in septic shock according to the early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) protocol among the 6- hour resuscitation bundle of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, a great debate has been raised about the issue. The present meta-analysis aims to determine whether the resuscitative phase really takes advantages by being performed with EGDT. A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of EGDT versus usual care in patients with early septic shock was performed. Four high- quality RCTs have been included with 4,464 patients (1990 in EGDT and 2013 in usual care arm). ICU admission and cardiovascular support necessity increased in the EGDT group (OR = 2.00, 95% CI 1.55-2.57 and OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.08-1.64, respectively). EGDT has no significant effect on mortality (90 days, 60 days, 28 days, and mortality by the time of hospital discharge). EGDT has no significant effect in reducing the length of hospital stay, the necessity of respiratory and renal function support, and the duration of respiratory and cardiocirculatory support. EGDT seems to increase the resource demand in terms of ICU admissions and cardiocirculatory support necessity without reducing mortality, renal and respiratory organ support necessity, respiratory and cardiocirculatory support duration, and length of hospital stay. Systematic review, level I.
27602898	0	29	Early goal-directed treatment	T061	C1271494
27602898	37	50	standard care	T061	C2936643
27602898	54	64	management	T058	C1254363
27602898	68	73	early	T079	C1279919
27602898	74	86	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27602898	88	101	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27602898	105	122	randomized trials	T062,T170	C0206034
27602898	133	146	incorporation	T169	C0243126
27602898	154	159	early	T079	C1279919
27602898	160	171	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27602898	172	185	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
27602898	189	201	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27602898	219	246	early goal-directed therapy	T061	C1271494
27602898	248	252	EGDT	T061	C1271494
27602898	254	262	protocol	T061	C0040808
27602898	276	280	hour	T079	C0439227
27602898	281	294	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
27602898	309	345	Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines	T170	C0282574
27602898	407	420	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27602898	451	464	resuscitative	T061	C0035273
27602898	465	470	phase	T079	C0205390
27602898	519	523	EGDT	T061	C1271494
27602898	550	563	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27602898	567	595	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27602898	597	601	RCTs	T062	C0206035
27602898	606	610	EGDT	T061	C1271494
27602898	618	628	usual care	T061	C2936643
27602898	632	640	patients	T101	C0030705
27602898	646	651	early	T079	C1279919
27602898	652	664	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27602898	691	698	quality	T080	C0332306
27602898	699	703	RCTs	T062	C0206035
27602898	734	742	patients	T101	C0030705
27602898	752	756	EGDT	T061	C1271494
27602898	769	783	usual care arm	T061	C2936643
27602898	786	799	ICU admission	T058	C0583239
27602898	804	826	cardiovascular support	T058	C1254363
27602898	837	846	increased	T081	C0205217
27602898	854	858	EGDT	T061	C1271494
27602898	859	864	group	T078	C0441833
27602898	942	946	EGDT	T061	C1271494
27602898	951	972	no significant effect	T080	C1301751
27602898	976	985	mortality	T081	C0026565
27602898	990	994	days	T079	C0439228
27602898	999	1003	days	T079	C0439228
27602898	1008	1012	days	T079	C0439228
27602898	1018	1027	mortality	T081	C0026565
27602898	1035	1039	time	T079	C0040223
27602898	1043	1061	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
27602898	1064	1068	EGDT	T061	C1271494
27602898	1073	1094	no significant effect	T080	C1301751
27602898	1098	1106	reducing	T080	C0392756
27602898	1111	1134	length of hospital stay	T079	C0023303
27602898	1140	1149	necessity	UnknownType	C0814498
27602898	1153	1164	respiratory	T058	C4035997
27602898	1169	1191	renal function support	T058	C1254363
27602898	1201	1209	duration	T079	C0449238
27602898	1213	1224	respiratory	T058	C4035997
27602898	1229	1254	cardiocirculatory support	T058	C1254363
27602898	1256	1260	EGDT	T061	C1271494
27602898	1270	1278	increase	T169	C0442805
27602898	1283	1291	resource	T078	C0035201
27602898	1292	1298	demand	T078	C0699784
27602898	1311	1325	ICU admissions	T058	C0583239
27602898	1330	1355	cardiocirculatory support	T058	C1254363
27602898	1374	1392	reducing mortality	T081	C0282251
27602898	1394	1399	renal	T023	C0022646
27602898	1404	1429	respiratory organ support	T058	C1254363
27602898	1441	1452	respiratory	T058	C4035997
27602898	1457	1482	cardiocirculatory support	T058	C1254363
27602898	1483	1491	duration	T079	C0449238
27602898	1497	1520	length of hospital stay	T079	C0023303

27603112|t|Binding of Pollutants to Biomolecules: A Simulation Study
27603112|a|A number of cases around the world have been reported where animals were found dead or dying with symptoms resembling a thiamine (vitamin B) deficiency, and for some of these, a link to pollutants has been suggested. Here, we investigate whether biomolecules involved in thiamin binding and transport could be blocked by a range of different pollutants. We used in silico docking of five compound classes (25 compounds in total) to each of five targets (prion protein, ECF-type ABC transporter, thi-box riboswitch receptor, thiamin pyrophosphokinase, and YKoF protein) and subsequently performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to assess the stability of the complexes. The compound classes were thiamin analogues (control), pesticides, veterinary medicines, polychlorinated biphenyls, and dioxins, all of which are prevalent in the environment to some extent. A few anthropogenic compounds were found to bind the ECF-type ABC transporter, but none binds stably to prion protein. For the riboswitch, most compounds remained in their binding pockets during 50 ns of MD simulation, indicating that RNA provides a promiscuous binding site. In both YKoF and thiamin pyrophosphokinase (TPK), most compounds remain tightly bound. However, TPK biomolecules undergo pollutant - induced conformational changes. Although most compounds are found to bind to some of these targets, a larger data set is needed along with more quantitative methods like free energy perturbation calculations before firm conclusions can be drawn. This study is in part a test bed for large-scale quantitative computational screening of interactions between biological entities and pollutant molecules.
27603112	0	7	Binding	T052	C1145667
27603112	11	21	Pollutants	T131	C0599786
27603112	25	37	Biomolecules	T123	C0574031
27603112	41	57	Simulation Study	T062	C0679083
27603112	70	75	cases	T169	C0868928
27603112	87	92	world	T098	C2700280
27603112	118	125	animals	T008	C0003062
27603112	131	141	found dead	T033	C0476463
27603112	145	150	dying	T040	C0184532
27603112	156	164	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27603112	178	186	thiamine	T047	C0039841
27603112	187	209	(vitamin B) deficiency	T047	C0042850
27603112	244	254	pollutants	T131	C0599786
27603112	284	295	investigate	T058	C0220825
27603112	304	316	biomolecules	T123	C0574031
27603112	329	344	thiamin binding	T044	C1523455
27603112	349	358	transport	T043	C1159805
27603112	368	375	blocked	T169	C0332206
27603112	400	410	pollutants	T131	C0599786
27603112	420	429	in silico	T066	C3489666
27603112	430	437	docking	T044	C1522290
27603112	446	454	compound	T123	C0574031
27603112	455	462	classes	T170	C0456387
27603112	467	476	compounds	T123	C0574031
27603112	512	525	prion protein	T116	C4082486
27603112	527	551	ECF-type ABC transporter	T026	C3158987
27603112	553	580	thi-box riboswitch receptor	T114,T123	C2936590
27603112	582	607	thiamin pyrophosphokinase	T116,T126	C0039850
27603112	613	625	YKoF protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27603112	654	689	molecular dynamics (MD) simulations	T066	C2717775
27603112	704	713	stability	T080	C0205360
27603112	721	730	complexes	T104	C1704241
27603112	736	744	compound	T123	C0574031
27603112	745	752	classes	T170	C0456387
27603112	758	765	thiamin	T109,T127	C0039840
27603112	766	775	analogues	T104	C0002776
27603112	777	784	control	T167	C1550141
27603112	787	797	pesticides	T131	C0031253
27603112	799	809	veterinary	T080	C0042614
27603112	810	819	medicines	T121	C0013227
27603112	821	846	polychlorinated biphenyls	T109,T131	C0032447
27603112	852	859	dioxins	T109,T131	C0012503
27603112	878	887	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27603112	895	906	environment	T082	C0014406
27603112	943	952	compounds	T123	C0574031
27603112	967	971	bind	T044	C1167622
27603112	976	1000	ECF-type ABC transporter	T026	C3158987
27603112	1006	1023	none binds stably	T033	C0243095
27603112	1027	1040	prion protein	T116	C4082486
27603112	1050	1060	riboswitch	T114,T123	C2936590
27603112	1067	1076	compounds	T123	C0574031
27603112	1095	1110	binding pockets	T120	C1254355
27603112	1127	1140	MD simulation	T066	C2717775
27603112	1158	1161	RNA	T114	C0035668
27603112	1185	1197	binding site	T192	C0005456
27603112	1207	1211	YKoF	T116,T123	C0033684
27603112	1216	1241	thiamin pyrophosphokinase	T116,T126	C0039850
27603112	1243	1246	TPK	T116,T126	C0039850
27603112	1254	1263	compounds	T123	C0574031
27603112	1271	1284	tightly bound	T052	C1145667
27603112	1295	1298	TPK	T116,T126	C0039850
27603112	1299	1311	biomolecules	T123	C0574031
27603112	1320	1329	pollutant	T131	C0599786
27603112	1332	1339	induced	T169	C0205263
27603112	1340	1362	conformational changes	T044	C0301641
27603112	1378	1387	compounds	T123	C0574031
27603112	1476	1496	quantitative methods	T062	C1510568
27603112	1502	1526	free energy perturbation	UnknownType	C0678592
27603112	1527	1539	calculations	T052	C1441506
27603112	1552	1563	conclusions	T078	C1707478
27603112	1583	1588	study	T062	C2603343
27603112	1627	1639	quantitative	T081	C0034384
27603112	1640	1663	computational screening	T059	C4297010
27603112	1667	1679	interactions	T169	C1704675
27603112	1688	1707	biological entities	T123	C0574031
27603112	1712	1731	pollutant molecules	T131	C0599786

27603917|t|Structural, Culinary, Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Properties of High Protein, Gluten Free, 100% Legume Pasta
27603917|a|Wheat pasta has a compact structure built by a gluten network entrapping starch granules resulting in a low glycemic index, but is nevertheless unsuitable for gluten - intolerant people. High protein gluten-free legume flours, rich in fibers, resistant starch and minerals are thus a good alternative for gluten-free pasta production. In this study, gluten-free pasta was produced exclusively from faba, lentil or black-gram flours. The relationship between their structure, their cooking and Rheological properties and their in-vitro starch digestion was analyzed and compared to cereal gluten-free commercial pasta. Trypsin inhibitory activity, phytic acid and α-galactosides were determined in flours and in cooked pasta. All legume pasta were rich in protein, resistant starch and fibers. They had a thick but weak protein network, which is built during the pasta cooking step. This particular structure altered pasta springiness and increased cooking losses. Black-gram pasta, which is especially rich in soluble fibers, differed from faba and lentil pasta, with high springiness (0.85 vs. 0.75) and less loss during cooking. In comparison to a commercial cereal gluten-free pasta, all the legume pasta lost less material during cooking but was less cohesive and springy. Interestingly, due to their particular composition and structure, lentil and faba pasta released their starch more slowly than the commercial gluten-free pasta during the in-vitro digestion process. Anti-nutritional factors in legumes, such as trypsin inhibitory activity and α-galactosides were reduced by up to 82% and 73%, respectively, by pasta processing and cooking. However, these processing steps had a minor effect on phytic acid. This study demonstrates the advantages of using legumes for the production of gluten-free pasta with a low glycemic index and high nutritional quality.
27603917	0	10	Structural	T116	C1510464
27603917	12	20	Culinary	T033	C0243095
27603917	22	33	Nutritional	T080	C1521739
27603917	38	54	Anti-Nutritional	T033	C0243095
27603917	55	65	Properties	T080	C0871161
27603917	69	73	High	T080	C0205250
27603917	74	81	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27603917	83	113	Gluten Free, 100% Legume Pasta	T168	C0460378
27603917	114	119	Wheat	T168	C0043137
27603917	120	125	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	140	149	structure	T082	C0678594
27603917	161	167	gluten	T116,T123	C0017842
27603917	168	175	network	T169	C1882071
27603917	187	202	starch granules	T167	C0370017
27603917	222	236	glycemic index	T081	C1136206
27603917	273	279	gluten	T116,T123	C0017842
27603917	282	292	intolerant	T169	C0231200
27603917	293	299	people	T098	C0027361
27603917	301	305	High	T080	C0205250
27603917	306	313	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27603917	314	325	gluten-free	T058	C0344351
27603917	326	332	legume	T168	C0453184
27603917	333	339	flours	T168	C0016260
27603917	341	345	rich	T080	C0699759
27603917	349	355	fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
27603917	357	366	resistant	T169	C0332325
27603917	367	373	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27603917	378	386	minerals	T197	C0026162
27603917	403	414	alternative	T169	C0332270
27603917	419	436	gluten-free pasta	T168	C0460378
27603917	437	447	production	T057	C0033268
27603917	457	462	study	T062	C2603343
27603917	464	481	gluten-free pasta	T168	C0460378
27603917	512	516	faba	T168	C0004896
27603917	518	524	lentil	T168	C0023323
27603917	528	538	black-gram	T168	C0453212
27603917	539	545	flours	T168	C0016260
27603917	578	587	structure	T082	C0678594
27603917	595	602	cooking	T056	C0335326
27603917	607	629	Rheological properties	T080	C0871161
27603917	640	648	in-vitro	T080	C1533691
27603917	649	655	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27603917	656	665	digestion	T040	C0012238
27603917	670	678	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27603917	695	701	cereal	T168	C0007757
27603917	702	713	gluten-free	T058	C0344351
27603917	714	724	commercial	T170	C0680536
27603917	725	730	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	732	739	Trypsin	T116,T121,T126	C0041236
27603917	740	759	inhibitory activity	T039	C1524081
27603917	761	772	phytic acid	T109,T121,T123,T130	C0031855
27603917	777	791	α-galactosides	T109	C0016956
27603917	811	817	flours	T168	C0016260
27603917	832	837	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	843	849	legume	T168	C0453184
27603917	850	855	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	861	865	rich	T080	C0699759
27603917	869	876	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27603917	878	887	resistant	T169	C0332325
27603917	888	894	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27603917	899	905	fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
27603917	933	940	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27603917	941	948	network	T169	C1882071
27603917	976	981	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	982	989	cooking	T056	C0335326
27603917	990	994	step	T077	C1261552
27603917	1012	1021	structure	T082	C0678594
27603917	1030	1035	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	1036	1047	springiness	T070	C0013764
27603917	1052	1061	increased	T169	C0442805
27603917	1062	1069	cooking	T056	C0335326
27603917	1078	1088	Black-gram	T168	C0453212
27603917	1089	1094	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	1116	1120	rich	T080	C0699759
27603917	1124	1131	soluble	T080	C1948047
27603917	1132	1138	fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
27603917	1154	1158	faba	T168	C0004896
27603917	1163	1169	lentil	T168	C0023323
27603917	1170	1175	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	1182	1186	high	T080	C0205250
27603917	1187	1198	springiness	T070	C0013764
27603917	1236	1243	cooking	T056	C0335326
27603917	1264	1274	commercial	T170	C0680536
27603917	1275	1281	cereal	T168	C0007757
27603917	1282	1299	gluten-free pasta	T168	C0460378
27603917	1309	1315	legume	T168	C0453184
27603917	1316	1321	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	1332	1340	material	T167	C0520510
27603917	1348	1355	cooking	T056	C0335326
27603917	1382	1389	springy	T070	C0013764
27603917	1446	1455	structure	T082	C0678594
27603917	1457	1463	lentil	T168	C0023323
27603917	1468	1472	faba	T168	C0004896
27603917	1473	1478	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	1494	1500	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27603917	1522	1532	commercial	T170	C0680536
27603917	1533	1550	gluten-free pasta	T168	C0460378
27603917	1562	1570	in-vitro	T080	C1533691
27603917	1571	1588	digestion process	T040	C0012238
27603917	1590	1606	Anti-nutritional	T033	C0243095
27603917	1607	1614	factors	T169	C1521761
27603917	1618	1625	legumes	T168	C0453184
27603917	1635	1642	trypsin	T116,T121,T126	C0041236
27603917	1643	1662	inhibitory activity	T039	C1524081
27603917	1667	1681	α-galactosides	T109	C0016956
27603917	1734	1739	pasta	T168	C0452694
27603917	1740	1750	processing	T057	C0016487
27603917	1755	1762	cooking	T056	C0335326
27603917	1790	1795	steps	T077	C1261552
27603917	1818	1829	phytic acid	T109,T121,T123,T130	C0031855
27603917	1859	1869	advantages	T081	C0086387
27603917	1879	1886	legumes	T168	C0453184
27603917	1895	1905	production	T057	C0033268
27603917	1909	1952	gluten-free pasta with a low glycemic index	T168	C0475638
27603917	1957	1961	high	T080	C0205250
27603917	1962	1973	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27603917	1974	1981	quality	T080	C0332306

27604152|t|Characterisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates from animals in New Zealand, 2012-2013, and subclinical colonisation in dogs and cats in Auckland
27604152|a|To characterise methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from infection sites in animals in New Zealand and assess the prevalence of subclinical MRSA colonisation in dogs and cats attending veterinary clinics in Auckland. MRSA isolates from clinical specimens obtained by the main New Zealand veterinary diagnostic laboratories between June 2012 and June 2013, were genotypically characterised by DNA microarray hybridisation analysis and spa typing. In addition, nasal or perineal skin swabs collected from a cross-sectional sample of dogs (n=361) and cats (n=225) attending 29 veterinary clinics in Auckland during the same period were analysed for MRSA by culture. Eight MRSA clinical isolates were submitted for characterisation by the participating laboratories. The isolates originated from five dogs, including two isolates from the same dog, one foal, and one isolate had no identification of the source. The strain - types identified were AK3 (ST-5 SCCmecIV t045; n=1), USA500 (ST8 SCCmecIV t064; n=1), WSPP (ST30 SCCmecIV t019; n=1), Rhine Hesse (ST5 SCCmecII t002; n=2), and EMRSA-15 (ST22 SCCmecIV t032; n=3). No MRSA were isolated from 586 cultured swabs. Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus were detected in 9/257 (3.5%) swabs and non-aureus staphylococci in 22/257 (8.5%) swabs. The estimated true MRSA subclinical colonisation prevalence was 0%, with an upper 95% CI boundary of 1.9% for cats and 1.4% for dogs. The modest number of MRSA isolates submitted for this study by the participating laboratories suggests clinical MRSA infection in animals in New Zealand continues to be sporadic. The wide variety of strain - types found mirrored the evolving strain - type diversity observed in humans. We cannot rule out bias due to the non-random sampling of dogs and cats, but the apparent colonisation prevalence of 0% was consistent with the low prevalence of subclinical colonisation in humans in New Zealand. These similarities indicate the epidemiology of animal and human MRSA infections are linked. In the last decade, the prevalence of human MRSA infections in New Zealand has steadily increased. This is the second published study of MRSA in animals in New Zealand. The results indicate clinical MRSA infection in animals remains sporadic, but the diversification of the strain - types may pose new therapeutic challenges to veterinarians, due to their diverse resistome.
27604152	0	16	Characterisation	T052	C1880022
27604152	20	63	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C1265292
27604152	64	72	clinical	T080	C0205210
27604152	73	81	isolates	T123	C1764827
27604152	87	94	animals	T008	C0003062
27604152	98	109	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
27604152	126	137	subclinical	T080	C0205211
27604152	138	150	colonisation	T033	C2242741
27604152	154	158	dogs	T015	C0012984
27604152	163	167	cats	T015	C0007450
27604152	171	179	Auckland	UnknownType	C0681784
27604152	183	195	characterise	T052	C1880022
27604152	196	239	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C1265292
27604152	241	245	MRSA	T007	C1265292
27604152	247	255	isolates	T123	C1764827
27604152	261	276	infection sites	T047	C0578491
27604152	280	287	animals	T008	C0003062
27604152	291	302	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
27604152	318	328	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27604152	332	343	subclinical	T080	C0205211
27604152	344	361	MRSA colonisation	T033	C2242741
27604152	365	369	dogs	T015	C0012984
27604152	374	378	cats	T015	C0007450
27604152	389	407	veterinary clinics	T073,T093	C2936717
27604152	411	419	Auckland	UnknownType	C0681784
27604152	421	425	MRSA	T007	C1265292
27604152	426	434	isolates	T123	C1764827
27604152	440	448	clinical	T080	C0205210
27604152	449	458	specimens	T167	C0370003
27604152	480	491	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
27604152	492	526	veterinary diagnostic laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27604152	535	539	June	T079	C3829443
27604152	549	553	June	T079	C3829443
27604152	565	592	genotypically characterised	T052	C1880022
27604152	596	633	DNA microarray hybridisation analysis	T063	C1522053
27604152	638	641	spa	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
27604152	642	648	typing	T059	C0087124
27604152	663	668	nasal	T023	C0222095
27604152	672	685	perineal skin	T023	C0222176
27604152	686	691	swabs	T167	C0183753
27604152	709	731	cross-sectional sample	T167	C0370003
27604152	735	739	dogs	T015	C0012984
27604152	752	756	cats	T015	C0007450
27604152	778	796	veterinary clinics	T073,T093	C2936717
27604152	800	808	Auckland	UnknownType	C0681784
27604152	825	831	period	T079	C1948053
27604152	837	845	analysed	T062	C0936012
27604152	850	854	MRSA	T007	C1265292
27604152	858	865	culture	T059	C2242979
27604152	873	877	MRSA	T007	C1265292
27604152	878	886	clinical	T080	C0205210
27604152	887	895	isolates	T123	C1764827
27604152	915	931	characterisation	T052	C1880022
27604152	953	965	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27604152	971	979	isolates	T123	C1764827
27604152	1001	1005	dogs	T015	C0012984
27604152	1021	1029	isolates	T123	C1764827
27604152	1044	1047	dog	T015	C0012984
27604152	1053	1057	foal	T015	C3669731
27604152	1067	1074	isolate	T123	C1764827
27604152	1104	1110	source	T033	C0449416
27604152	1116	1122	strain	T001	C1518614
27604152	1125	1130	types	T080	C0332307
27604152	1131	1141	identified	T080	C0205396
27604152	1147	1165	AK3 (ST-5 SCCmecIV	T007	C1265292
27604152	1178	1198	USA500 (ST8 SCCmecIV	T007	C1265292
27604152	1211	1230	WSPP (ST30 SCCmecIV	T007	C1265292
27604152	1243	1268	Rhine Hesse (ST5 SCCmecII	T007	C1265292
27604152	1285	1308	EMRSA-15 (ST22 SCCmecIV	T007	C1265292
27604152	1324	1328	MRSA	T007	C1265292
27604152	1334	1342	isolated	T169	C0205409
27604152	1352	1366	cultured swabs	T167	C0183753
27604152	1368	1401	Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus	T007	C1265292
27604152	1407	1415	detected	T033	C0442726
27604152	1432	1437	swabs	T167	C0183753
27604152	1442	1466	non-aureus staphylococci	T007	C0038170
27604152	1484	1489	swabs	T167	C0183753
27604152	1510	1514	MRSA	T007	C1265292
27604152	1515	1526	subclinical	T080	C0205211
27604152	1527	1539	colonisation	T033	C2242741
27604152	1540	1550	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27604152	1577	1579	CI	T081	C0009667
27604152	1601	1605	cats	T015	C0007450
27604152	1619	1623	dogs	T015	C0012984
27604152	1629	1642	modest number	T081	C0237753
27604152	1646	1650	MRSA	T007	C1265292
27604152	1651	1659	isolates	T123	C1764827
27604152	1679	1684	study	T170	C0085973
27604152	1706	1718	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27604152	1728	1736	clinical	T080	C0205210
27604152	1737	1751	MRSA infection	T047	C0343401
27604152	1755	1762	animals	T008	C0003062
27604152	1766	1777	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
27604152	1794	1802	sporadic	T079	C0205422
27604152	1824	1830	strain	T001	C1518614
27604152	1833	1838	types	T080	C0332307
27604152	1867	1873	strain	T001	C1518614
27604152	1876	1880	type	T080	C0332307
27604152	1881	1890	diversity	T080	C1880371
27604152	1903	1909	humans	T016	C0086418
27604152	1930	1934	bias	T078	C0242568
27604152	1946	1965	non-random sampling	T062	C0150105
27604152	1969	1973	dogs	T015	C0012984
27604152	1978	1982	cats	T015	C0007450
27604152	2001	2013	colonisation	T033	C4289767
27604152	2014	2024	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27604152	2035	2050	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27604152	2059	2069	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27604152	2073	2084	subclinical	T080	C0205211
27604152	2085	2097	colonisation	T033	C2242741
27604152	2101	2107	humans	T016	C0086418
27604152	2111	2122	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
27604152	2130	2142	similarities	T080	C2348205
27604152	2156	2168	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27604152	2172	2178	animal	T008	C0003062
27604152	2183	2188	human	T016	C0086418
27604152	2189	2204	MRSA infections	T047	C0343401
27604152	2229	2235	decade	T081	C2981279
27604152	2241	2251	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27604152	2255	2260	human	T016	C0086418
27604152	2261	2276	MRSA infections	T047	C0343401
27604152	2280	2291	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
27604152	2305	2314	increased	T081	C0205217
27604152	2345	2350	study	T170	C0085973
27604152	2354	2358	MRSA	T007	C1265292
27604152	2362	2369	animals	T008	C0003062
27604152	2373	2384	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
27604152	2407	2415	clinical	T080	C0205210
27604152	2416	2430	MRSA infection	T047	C0343401
27604152	2434	2441	animals	T008	C0003062
27604152	2450	2458	sporadic	T079	C0205422
27604152	2468	2483	diversification	T057	C0680948
27604152	2491	2497	strain	T001	C1518614
27604152	2500	2505	types	T080	C0332307
27604152	2519	2530	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27604152	2545	2558	veterinarians	T097	C0242856
27604152	2581	2590	resistome	T028	C2945710

27604681|t|Unaffected twins discordant for affective disorders show changes in anterior callosal white matter microstructure
27604681|a|The neurobiological mechanisms mediating an increased risk to develop affective disorders remain poorly understood. In a group of individuals with a family history of major depressive (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD), we investigated the microstructural properties of white matter fiber tracts, that is, cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus, anterior limb of the internal capsule, and corpus callosum, that facilitate the communication between brain regions implicated in affective disorders. Eighty-nine healthy mono - or dizygotic twins with a co-twin diagnosed with MDD or BD (high-risk) and 57 healthy twins with a co-twin with no familial history of affective disorders (low-risk) were included in a diffusion tensor imaging study. The high-risk group showed decreased fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of water diffusion directionality, and increased radial diffusivity in the anterior region of corpus callosum compared to the low-risk group. This abnormality was not associated with zygosity or type of depressive disorder of co-twin. The observed decreased anterior callosal fiber FA in the high-risk group may be indicative of a compromised interhemispheric communication between left and right frontal regions critically involved in mood regulation. Reduced anterior callosal FA may act as a vulnerability marker for affective disorders in individuals at familial risk.
27604681	11	27	twins discordant	T046	C2609166
27604681	32	51	affective disorders	T048	C0001723
27604681	68	85	anterior callosal	T023	C0226208
27604681	86	98	white matter	T024	C0682708
27604681	99	113	microstructure	T082	C0678594
27604681	118	133	neurobiological	T091	C0027817
27604681	134	144	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27604681	168	172	risk	T078	C0035647
27604681	184	203	affective disorders	T048	C0001723
27604681	235	255	group of individuals	T098	C0027361
27604681	263	277	family history	T033	C0241889
27604681	281	297	major depressive	T048	C1269683
27604681	299	302	MDD	T048	C1269683
27604681	307	323	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
27604681	325	327	BD	T048	C0005586
27604681	380	392	white matter	T024	C0682708
27604681	393	405	fiber tracts	T023	C3499212
27604681	416	431	cingulum bundle	T023	C0228272
27604681	433	452	uncinate fasciculus	T023	C0228271
27604681	454	491	anterior limb of the internal capsule	T023	C0152342
27604681	497	512	corpus callosum	T023	C0010090
27604681	556	569	brain regions	T029	C1273723
27604681	584	603	affective disorders	T048	C0001723
27604681	625	629	mono	T099	C0041432
27604681	635	650	dizygotic twins	T099	C0041429
27604681	658	665	co-twin	T099	C0041427
27604681	666	675	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27604681	681	684	MDD	T048	C1269683
27604681	688	690	BD	T048	C0005586
27604681	692	701	high-risk	T098	C1257890
27604681	710	717	healthy	T080	C3898900
27604681	718	723	twins	T099	C0872326
27604681	731	738	co-twin	T099	C0041427
27604681	744	766	no familial history of	T033	C0332123
27604681	767	786	affective disorders	T048	C0001723
27604681	817	847	diffusion tensor imaging study	T060	C1537007
27604681	853	868	high-risk group	T098	C1257890
27604681	886	907	fractional anisotropy	T060	C2348041
27604681	909	911	FA	T060	C2348041
27604681	927	932	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27604681	933	942	diffusion	T070	C0012222
27604681	943	957	directionality	T169	C1707761
27604681	973	979	radial	T077	C0442038
27604681	980	991	diffusivity	T077	C3899378
27604681	999	1033	anterior region of corpus callosum	T023	C0152325
27604681	1050	1064	low-risk group	T098	C1257890
27604681	1071	1082	abnormality	T033	C1704258
27604681	1107	1115	zygosity	T169	C1710709
27604681	1127	1146	depressive disorder	T048	C0011581
27604681	1150	1157	co-twin	T099	C0041427
27604681	1182	1205	anterior callosal fiber	T023	C0010090
27604681	1206	1208	FA	T060	C2348041
27604681	1216	1231	high-risk group	T098	C1257890
27604681	1267	1297	interhemispheric communication	T041	C0870728
27604681	1306	1310	left	T023	C0228194
27604681	1315	1336	right frontal regions	T023	C0228193
27604681	1360	1375	mood regulation	T041	C2370884
27604681	1385	1402	anterior callosal	T023	C0010090
27604681	1403	1405	FA	T060	C2348041
27604681	1419	1432	vulnerability	UnknownType	C0679109
27604681	1433	1439	marker	T201	C0005516
27604681	1444	1463	affective disorders	T048	C0001723
27604681	1467	1478	individuals	T098	C0237401
27604681	1482	1495	familial risk	T078	C0035647

27605910|t|A Window on the Study of Aversive Instrumental Learning: Strains, Performance, Neuroendocrine, and Immunologic Systems
27605910|a|The avoidance response is present in pathological anxiety and interferes with normal daily functions. The aim of this article is to shed light on performance markers of active avoidance (AA) using two different rat strains, Sprague-Dawley (SD) and Wistar. Specifically, good and poor performers were evaluated regarding anxiety traits exhibited in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and corticosterone levels and motor activity in the open field test. In addition, the plasma levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-1Beta (IL-1beta), Nerve Growth Factor Beta (NGF-beta), Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-alpha) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1) were compared in the good and poor performers to better understand the role of the immunologic system in aversive learning. Behavioral criteria were employed to identify subpopulations of SD and Wistar rats based on their behavioral scores during a two-way AA test. The animals were tested for anxiety -like behavior in the EPM and motor activity in the open-field test. Plasma corticosterone levels were measured at the end of the avoidance test. Cytokine levels of IL-6, IL-1beta, NGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and CINC-1 were measured in the plasma of the Wistar rats. Sixty-six percent of the Wistar rats and 35% of the SD rats exhibited a poor performance. This feature was associated with a decrease in anxiety -like behavior in the EPM. The poor and good performers exhibited lower levels of corticosterone compared with the control animals, which suggests that training alters corticosterone levels, thereby leading to hypocortisolism, independent of the performance. The CINC-1 levels were increased in the poor performers, which reinforces the role of immunologic system activation in learning deficits. Our study provides a better understanding of the complex interactions that underlie neuroimmune consequences and their implications for performance.
27605910	16	33	Study of Aversive	T061	C0004415
27605910	34	55	Instrumental Learning	T041	C0009651
27605910	57	64	Strains	T001	C1518614
27605910	66	77	Performance	T052	C1882330
27605910	79	93	Neuroendocrine	T022	C0027912
27605910	99	118	Immunologic Systems	T022	C0020962
27605910	123	132	avoidance	T041	C0870186
27605910	133	141	response	T032	C0871261
27605910	156	168	pathological	T169	C1521733
27605910	169	176	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27605910	197	219	normal daily functions	T169	C0542341
27605910	265	276	performance	T052	C1882330
27605910	288	304	active avoidance	T041	C0871637
27605910	306	308	AA	T041	C0871637
27605910	330	341	rat strains	T015	C1514734
27605910	343	357	Sprague-Dawley	T015	C2699239
27605910	359	361	SD	T015	C2699239
27605910	367	373	Wistar	T015	C2700262
27605910	403	413	performers	T169	C1550480
27605910	419	428	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27605910	439	446	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27605910	447	453	traits	T032	C0599883
27605910	471	489	elevated plus maze	T073	C0870866
27605910	491	494	EPM	T073	C0870866
27605910	500	521	corticosterone levels	T059	C0857657
27605910	526	540	motor activity	T038	C0234130
27605910	548	563	open field test	T059	C0022885
27605910	582	595	plasma levels	T059	C0022885
27605910	599	612	Interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27605910	614	618	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27605910	621	638	Interleukin-1Beta	T116,T129	C0021753
27605910	640	648	IL-1beta	T116,T129	C0021753
27605910	651	675	Nerve Growth Factor Beta	T116,T123	C0027753
27605910	677	685	NGF-beta	T116,T123	C0027753
27605910	688	715	Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha	T116,T129	C0041368
27605910	717	726	TNF-alpha	T116,T129	C0041368
27605910	732	777	cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1	T116,T129	C0378112
27605910	779	785	CINC-1	T116,T129	C0378112
27605910	822	832	performers	T169	C1550480
27605910	870	888	immunologic system	T022	C0020962
27605910	892	909	aversive learning	T061	C0004415
27605910	911	930	Behavioral criteria	T170	C2986890
27605910	957	971	subpopulations	T098	C1257890
27605910	975	977	SD	T015	C0034715
27605910	982	993	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27605910	1009	1026	behavioral scores	T170	C2986890
27605910	1044	1046	AA	T041	C0871637
27605910	1047	1051	test	T170	C0392366
27605910	1057	1064	animals	T008	C0003062
27605910	1070	1076	tested	T170	C0392366
27605910	1081	1088	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27605910	1095	1103	behavior	T053	C0004927
27605910	1111	1114	EPM	T073	C0870866
27605910	1119	1133	motor activity	T038	C0234130
27605910	1141	1156	open-field test	T059	C0022885
27605910	1158	1186	Plasma corticosterone levels	T059	C0857657
27605910	1192	1200	measured	T080	C0444706
27605910	1219	1228	avoidance	T041	C0870186
27605910	1229	1233	test	T170	C0392366
27605910	1235	1250	Cytokine levels	T059	C2699541
27605910	1254	1258	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27605910	1260	1268	IL-1beta	T116,T129	C0021753
27605910	1270	1278	NGF-beta	T116,T123	C0027753
27605910	1280	1289	TNF-alpha	T116,T129	C0041368
27605910	1295	1301	CINC-1	T116,T129	C0378112
27605910	1307	1315	measured	T080	C0444706
27605910	1323	1329	plasma	T031	C0032105
27605910	1337	1348	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27605910	1375	1386	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27605910	1402	1409	SD rats	T015	C0034715
27605910	1427	1438	performance	T052	C1882330
27605910	1457	1472	associated with	T080	C0332281
27605910	1487	1494	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27605910	1501	1509	behavior	T053	C0004927
27605910	1517	1520	EPM	T073	C0870866
27605910	1540	1550	performers	T169	C1550480
27605910	1567	1591	levels of corticosterone	T059	C0857657
27605910	1610	1625	control animals	T008	C1511501
27605910	1663	1684	corticosterone levels	T059	C0857657
27605910	1705	1720	hypocortisolism	T047	C0001403
27605910	1741	1752	performance	T052	C1882330
27605910	1758	1764	CINC-1	T116,T129	C0378112
27605910	1765	1771	levels	T080	C0441889
27605910	1799	1809	performers	T169	C1550480
27605910	1840	1858	immunologic system	T022	C0020962
27605910	1859	1869	activation	T052	C1879547
27605910	1873	1890	learning deficits	T048	C0851265
27605910	1941	1948	complex	T080	C0439855
27605910	1949	1961	interactions	T169	C1704675
27605910	1976	1987	neuroimmune	UnknownType	C0682644
27605910	1988	2000	consequences	T169	C0686907
27605910	2028	2039	performance	T052	C1882330

27606118|t|Variation in the Obturator Vasculature During Routine Anatomy Dissection of a Cadaver
27606118|a|The obturator artery normally originates from the internal iliac artery while the obturator vein drains into the internal iliac vein. During a routine gross anatomy dissection class for undergraduate students at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, in 2016, a rare unilateral variation in the obturator vasculature was found in a female cadaver of approximately 55 years of age. In this case, the left obturator artery originated from the superior gluteal artery and the left obturator vein drained into the external iliac vein. Knowledge of such variations is necessary during hernia procedures, ligation of the internal iliac artery and muscle graft surgeries.
27606118	0	9	Variation	T070	C3494476
27606118	17	26	Obturator	T030	C0223670
27606118	27	38	Vasculature	T017	C3714653
27606118	46	53	Routine	T080	C0205547
27606118	54	61	Anatomy	T017	C0700276
27606118	62	72	Dissection	T059	C4263282
27606118	78	85	Cadaver	T017	C0006629
27606118	90	106	obturator artery	T023	C0226369
27606118	136	157	internal iliac artery	T023	C0226364
27606118	168	182	obturator vein	T023	C0226776
27606118	199	218	internal iliac vein	T023	C0226764
27606118	229	236	routine	T080	C0205547
27606118	237	242	gross	T080	C0439806
27606118	243	250	anatomy	T017	C0700276
27606118	251	261	dissection	T059	C4263282
27606118	262	267	class	T073	C0870287
27606118	272	294	undergraduate students	T098	C0814964
27606118	302	341	All India Institute of Medical Sciences	T093	C1274109
27606118	343	352	New Delhi	T083	C0017446
27606118	354	359	India	T083	C0021201
27606118	377	387	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27606118	388	397	variation	T070	C3494476
27606118	405	414	obturator	T030	C0223670
27606118	415	426	vasculature	T017	C3714653
27606118	442	448	female	T098	C0043210
27606118	449	456	cadaver	T017	C0006629
27606118	477	482	years	T079	C0439234
27606118	486	489	age	T032	C0001779
27606118	509	530	left obturator artery	T023	C0737410
27606118	551	574	superior gluteal artery	T023	C0226371
27606118	583	602	left obturator vein	T023	C0737446
27606118	620	639	external iliac vein	T023	C0226761
27606118	659	669	variations	T070	C3494476
27606118	690	707	hernia procedures	T061	C0019328
27606118	709	717	ligation	T061	C0023690
27606118	725	746	internal iliac artery	T023	C0226364
27606118	751	763	muscle graft	T061	C0185471
27606118	764	773	surgeries	T061	C0543467

27606170|t|Trends in Behavior-Analytic Gambling Research and Treatment
27606170|a|The purpose of the present review was to analyze research outcomes for all gambling studies reported in the behavior analysis literature. We used the search term " gambling " to identify articles that were published in behaviorally oriented journals between the years 1992 and 2012 and categorized the content of each article as empirical or conceptual. Next, we examined and categorized the empirical articles by inclusion of an experimental manipulation and treatment to alleviate at least some aspect of pathological gambling, participant population used, type of gambling task employed in the research, whether the participants in the study actually gambled, and the behavioral phenomena of interest. The results show that the rate of publication of gambling research has increased in the last 6 years, and a vast majority of articles are empirical. Of the empirical articles, examinations of treatment techniques or methods are scarce; slot machine play is the most represented form of gambling, and slightly greater than half of the research included compensation based on gambling outcomes within experiments. We discuss implications and future directions based on these observations of the published literature.
27606170	0	6	Trends	T079	C1521798
27606170	10	36	Behavior-Analytic Gambling	T055	C0016995
27606170	37	45	Research	T062	C0004939
27606170	50	59	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27606170	64	71	purpose	T169	C1285529
27606170	87	93	review	T078	C1552617
27606170	101	108	analyze	T062	C0936012
27606170	109	117	research	T062	C0004939
27606170	118	126	outcomes	T033	C2015879
27606170	135	143	gambling	T055	C0016995
27606170	144	151	studies	T062	C2603343
27606170	152	160	reported	T170	C0684224
27606170	168	185	behavior analysis	T062	C0935545
27606170	186	196	literature	T170	C0023866
27606170	224	232	gambling	T055	C0016995
27606170	238	246	identify	T041	C0020792
27606170	247	255	articles	T170	C1706852
27606170	266	275	published	T170	C1704324
27606170	279	291	behaviorally	T053	C0004927
27606170	292	300	oriented	T033	C3842076
27606170	301	309	journals	T073,T170	C0162443
27606170	346	357	categorized	T052	C0871968
27606170	362	369	content	T077	C0456205
27606170	378	385	article	T170	C1706852
27606170	389	398	empirical	T080	C1880496
27606170	402	412	conceptual	T077	C1254372
27606170	423	431	examined	T033	C0332128
27606170	436	447	categorized	T052	C0871968
27606170	452	461	empirical	T080	C1880496
27606170	462	470	articles	T170	C1706852
27606170	474	483	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27606170	490	502	experimental	T080	C1517586
27606170	503	515	manipulation	T061	C0947647
27606170	520	529	treatment	T061	C0087111
27606170	533	542	alleviate	T061	C0441610
27606170	557	563	aspect	T080	C1879746
27606170	567	579	pathological	T169	C1521733
27606170	580	588	gambling	T055	C0016995
27606170	590	612	participant population	T098	C0679646
27606170	627	635	gambling	T055	C0016995
27606170	636	640	task	T057	C3540678
27606170	641	649	employed	T033	C0557351
27606170	657	665	research	T062	C0004939
27606170	679	691	participants	T098	C0679646
27606170	699	704	study	T062	C2603343
27606170	714	721	gambled	T055	C0016995
27606170	731	741	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27606170	742	751	phenomena	T067	C1882365
27606170	755	763	interest	T041	C0543488
27606170	769	776	results	T033	C0683954
27606170	791	795	rate	T081	C1521828
27606170	799	810	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27606170	814	822	gambling	T055	C0016995
27606170	823	831	research	T062	C0004939
27606170	836	845	increased	T081	C0205217
27606170	878	886	majority	T081	C0205393
27606170	890	898	articles	T170	C1706852
27606170	903	912	empirical	T080	C1880496
27606170	921	930	empirical	T080	C1880496
27606170	931	939	articles	T170	C1706852
27606170	941	953	examinations	T058	C0582103
27606170	957	966	treatment	T061	C0087111
27606170	967	977	techniques	T169	C0449851
27606170	981	988	methods	T170	C0025663
27606170	1001	1013	slot machine	T073	C3273359
27606170	1014	1018	play	T055	C0016995
27606170	1026	1030	most	T081	C0205393
27606170	1031	1042	represented	T052	C1882932
27606170	1051	1059	gambling	T055	C0016995
27606170	1074	1081	greater	T081	C1704243
27606170	1099	1107	research	T062	C0004939
27606170	1117	1129	compensation	T080	C0205432
27606170	1130	1135	based	T169	C1527178
27606170	1139	1147	gambling	T055	C0016995
27606170	1148	1156	outcomes	T033	C2015879
27606170	1164	1175	experiments	T062	C0681814
27606170	1188	1200	implications	UnknownType	C0814846
27606170	1205	1211	future	T079	C0016884
27606170	1212	1222	directions	T082	C0439755
27606170	1223	1228	based	T169	C1527178
27606170	1238	1250	observations	T078	C1554188
27606170	1258	1278	published literature	T170	C0023866

27606477|t|Juvenile dermatomyositis with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies: a case report
27606477|a|Serologic investigation has been explored in inflammatory myopathies in order to define subgroups that can help us predict clinical course, treatment and prognosis. The level of similarity between juvenile and adult myopathies regarding the presence of myositis - specific autoantibodies has not been fully elucidated. We report the case of a 8-year-old girl who presented with a rapid progression of muscle weakness and cutaneous signs consistent with the diagnosis of juvenile dermatomyositis and whose serologic testing revealed the presence of anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) antibodies. So far these antibodies have been described mostly in adult subsets, frequently associated with poorer outcomes and rarely related to cutaneous manifestations. The knowledge of the degree of overlap between paediatric and adult SRP positive myopathies may improve the medical care we provide to these children.
27606477	0	24	Juvenile dermatomyositis	T047	C0263666
27606477	30	73	anti-signal recognition particle antibodies	T116,T129	C1317726
27606477	77	88	case report	T170	C0085973
27606477	89	98	Serologic	T169	C0205473
27606477	99	112	investigation	T058	C0220825
27606477	134	157	inflammatory myopathies	T047	C0027121
27606477	177	186	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27606477	204	211	predict	T078	C0681842
27606477	212	227	clinical course	T079	C0449259
27606477	229	238	treatment	T061	C0087111
27606477	243	252	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27606477	267	277	similarity	T080	C2348205
27606477	286	294	juvenile	T047	C2895180
27606477	299	304	adult	T100	C0001675
27606477	305	315	myopathies	T047	C0026848
27606477	330	338	presence	T033	C0150312
27606477	342	350	myositis	T047	C0027121
27606477	353	361	specific	T080	C0205369
27606477	362	376	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
27606477	443	447	girl	T100	C0870604
27606477	469	486	rapid progression	T033	C1838681
27606477	490	505	muscle weakness	T184	C0151786
27606477	510	519	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27606477	520	525	signs	T184	C0037088
27606477	526	541	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27606477	546	555	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27606477	559	583	juvenile dermatomyositis	T047	C0263666
27606477	594	603	serologic	T169	C0205473
27606477	604	611	testing	T169	C0039593
27606477	625	633	presence	T033	C0150312
27606477	637	686	anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) antibodies	T116,T129	C1317726
27606477	701	711	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27606477	742	747	adult	T100	C0001675
27606477	748	755	subsets	T185	C1515021
27606477	768	783	associated with	T080	C0332281
27606477	791	799	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27606477	822	831	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27606477	832	846	manifestations	T169	C0205319
27606477	869	875	degree	T081	C0449286
27606477	879	886	overlap	T079	C1948020
27606477	895	905	paediatric	T091	C0030755
27606477	910	915	adult	T100	C0001675
27606477	916	919	SRP	T116,T123	C0074512
27606477	920	928	positive	T033	C1446409
27606477	929	939	myopathies	T047	C0026848
27606477	956	968	medical care	T033	C0496675
27606477	989	997	children	T100	C0008059

27606547|t|Cloud-based MOTIFSIM: Detecting Similarity in Large DNA Motif Data Sets
27606547|a|We developed the cloud-based MOTIFSIM on Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud. The tool is an extended version from our web-based tool version 2.0, which was developed based on a novel algorithm for detecting similarity in multiple DNA motif data sets. This cloud -based version further allows researchers to exploit the computing resources available from AWS to detect similarity in multiple large-scale DNA motif data sets resulting from the next-generation sequencing technology. The tool is highly scalable with expandable AWS.
27606547	0	20	Cloud-based MOTIFSIM	T170	C0037589
27606547	22	31	Detecting	T033	C0442726
27606547	32	42	Similarity	T080	C2348205
27606547	52	61	DNA Motif	T086	C3178798
27606547	62	71	Data Sets	T170	C0150098
27606547	89	109	cloud-based MOTIFSIM	T170	C0037589
27606547	113	132	Amazon Web Services	T066	C1710664
27606547	134	137	AWS	T066	C1710664
27606547	139	144	cloud	T066	C4042841
27606547	150	154	tool	T170	C0037589
27606547	170	177	version	T170	C0333052
27606547	187	213	web-based tool version 2.0	T170	C0037589
27606547	252	261	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27606547	266	275	detecting	T033	C0442726
27606547	276	286	similarity	T080	C2348205
27606547	299	308	DNA motif	T086	C3178798
27606547	309	318	data sets	T170	C0150098
27606547	325	330	cloud	T066	C4042841
27606547	338	345	version	T170	C0333052
27606547	361	372	researchers	T097	C0035173
27606547	388	407	computing resources	T078	C0035201
27606547	423	426	AWS	T066	C1710664
27606547	430	436	detect	T033	C0442726
27606547	437	447	similarity	T080	C2348205
27606547	472	481	DNA motif	T086	C3178798
27606547	482	491	data sets	T170	C0150098
27606547	511	548	next-generation sequencing technology	T063	C2936622
27606547	554	558	tool	T170	C0037589
27606547	594	597	AWS	T066	C1710664

27607849|t|Nurses ' Perceived Skills and Attitudes About Updated Safety Concepts: Impact on Medication Administration Errors and Practices
27607849|a|Approximately a quarter of medication errors in the hospital occur at the a dministration phase, which is solely under the purview of the bedside nurse. The purpose of this study was to assess bedside nurses ' perceived skills and attitudes about updated safety concepts and examine their impact on medication administration errors and adherence to safe medication administration practices. Findings support the premise that medication administration errors result from an interplay among system -, unit -, and nurse -level factors.
27607849	0	6	Nurses	T097	C0028661
27607849	9	25	Perceived Skills	T080	C0008973
27607849	30	39	Attitudes	T041	C0004271
27607849	54	60	Safety	T068	C0036043
27607849	61	69	Concepts	T078	C0178566
27607849	71	77	Impact	T080	C4049986
27607849	81	113	Medication Administration Errors	T080	C0025115
27607849	118	127	Practices	T041	C0237607
27607849	128	141	Approximately	T080	C0332232
27607849	144	151	quarter	T081	C2825406
27607849	155	172	medication errors	T080	C0025115
27607849	180	188	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27607849	204	223	dministration phase	T058	C3469597
27607849	266	279	bedside nurse	T097	C0028661
27607849	301	306	study	T062	C2603343
27607849	321	335	bedside nurses	T097	C0028661
27607849	338	354	perceived skills	T080	C0008973
27607849	359	368	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27607849	383	389	safety	T068	C0036043
27607849	390	398	concepts	T078	C0178566
27607849	427	459	medication administration errors	T080	C0025115
27607849	464	473	adherence	T169	C1510802
27607849	482	507	medication administration	T058	C3469597
27607849	508	517	practices	T041	C0237607
27607849	519	527	Findings	T169	C2607943
27607849	553	585	medication administration errors	T080	C0025115
27607849	617	623	system	T093	C0018696
27607849	627	631	unit	T073,T093	C0019988
27607849	639	644	nurse	T097	C0028661

27607871|t|Utilization and Outcomes of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Vulvar Cancer
27607871|a|To examine the use and predictors of sentinel node biopsy in women with vulvar cancer. The Perspective database, an all-payer database that collects data from more than 500 hospitals, was used to perform a retrospective cohort study of women with vulvar cancer who underwent vulvectomy and lymph node assessment from 2006 to 2015. Multivariable models were used to determine factors associated with sentinel node biopsy. Length of stay and cost were compared between women who underwent sentinel node biopsy and lymphadenectomy. Among 2,273 women, sentinel node biopsy was utilized in 618 (27.2%) and 1,655 (72.8%) underwent inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. Performance of sentinel node biopsy increased from 17.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.0-22.0%) in 2006 to 39.1% (95% CI 27.1-51.0%) in 2015. In a multivariable model, women treated more recently were more likely to have undergone sentinel node biopsy, whereas women with more comorbidities and those treated at rural hospitals were less likely to have undergone the procedure. The median length of stay was shorter for those undergoing sentinel node biopsy (median 2 days, interquartile range 1-3) compared with women who underwent inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy (median 3 days, interquartile range 2-4). The cost of sentinel node biopsy was $7,599 (interquartile range $5,739-9,922) compared with $8,095 (interquartile range $5,917-11,281) for lymphadenectomy. The use of sentinel node biopsy for vulvar cancer has more than doubled since 2006. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is associated with a shorter hospital stay and decreased cost compared with inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy.
27607871	0	11	Utilization	T169	C0042153
27607871	16	24	Outcomes	T062	C0086750
27607871	28	54	Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	59	72	Vulvar Cancer	T191	C0375071
27607871	110	130	sentinel node biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	134	139	women	T098	C0043210
27607871	145	158	vulvar cancer	T191	C0375071
27607871	164	184	Perspective database	T170	C0242356
27607871	189	207	all-payer database	T170	C0242356
27607871	213	226	collects data	T062	C0010995
27607871	246	255	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27607871	279	305	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
27607871	309	314	women	T098	C0043210
27607871	320	333	vulvar cancer	T191	C0375071
27607871	348	358	vulvectomy	T061	C0195066
27607871	363	384	lymph node assessment	T060	C0193842
27607871	404	424	Multivariable models	T075	C0026336
27607871	448	455	factors	T169	C0679238
27607871	472	492	sentinel node biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	494	508	Length of stay	T079	C0023303
27607871	513	517	cost	T081	C0087112
27607871	540	545	women	T098	C0043210
27607871	560	580	sentinel node biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	585	600	lymphadenectomy	T061	C0024203
27607871	614	619	women	T098	C0043210
27607871	621	641	sentinel node biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	698	728	inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy	T061	C0398408
27607871	745	765	sentinel node biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	792	811	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27607871	813	815	CI	T081	C0009667
27607871	851	853	CI	T081	C0009667
27607871	880	899	multivariable model	T075	C0026336
27607871	901	906	women	T098	C0043210
27607871	907	914	treated	T169	C1522326
27607871	964	984	sentinel node biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	994	999	women	T098	C0043210
27607871	1010	1023	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27607871	1034	1041	treated	T169	C1522326
27607871	1045	1060	rural hospitals	T093	C0020023
27607871	1100	1109	procedure	T060	C0796693
27607871	1115	1121	median	T082	C2939193
27607871	1122	1136	length of stay	T079	C0023303
27607871	1170	1190	sentinel node biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	1192	1198	median	T082	C2939193
27607871	1207	1226	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27607871	1246	1251	women	T098	C0043210
27607871	1266	1296	inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy	T061	C0398408
27607871	1313	1332	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27607871	1351	1371	sentinel node biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	1384	1403	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27607871	1440	1459	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27607871	1479	1494	lymphadenectomy	T061	C0024203
27607871	1507	1527	sentinel node biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	1532	1545	vulvar cancer	T191	C0375071
27607871	1580	1606	Sentinel lymph node biopsy	T060	C0796693
27607871	1628	1649	shorter hospital stay	T079	C3489408
27607871	1654	1668	decreased cost	T081	C0010187
27607871	1683	1713	inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy	T061	C0398408

27608043|t|Antibiotic Treatment in End-of-Life Cancer Patients -A Retrospective Observational Study at a Palliative Care Center in Sweden
27608043|a|The aim of this study was to elucidate whether palliative cancer patients benefit from antibiotic treatment in the last two weeks of life when an infection is suspected. We reviewed medical records from 160 deceased palliative cancer patients that had been included in previous studies on vitamin D and infections. Patients treated with antibiotics during the last two weeks of life were identified and net effects of treatment (symptom relief) and possible adverse events were extracted from medical records. Seventy-nine patients (49%) had been treated with antibiotics during the last two weeks in life. In 37% (n = 29), the treatment resulted in evident symptom relief and among these 50% had a positive bacterial culture, 43% had a negative culture and in 7% no culture was taken. Among the patients with no or unknown effect of antibiotics, 50% had a positive culture. When the indication for antibiotic treatment was to avoid or treat sepsis, symptom relief was achieved in 50% of the patients (n = 19). Only 4% (n = 3) of the patients experienced adverse events of the treatment (diarrhea, nausea). Treating infections with antibiotics in the last weeks of life may improve the quality of life for palliative cancer patients, especially if sepsis is suspected or confirmed. According to our results, the beneficial effects outweigh the potentially negative outcomes.
27608043	0	20	Antibiotic Treatment	T061	C0338237
27608043	24	35	End-of-Life	T058	C0039548
27608043	36	51	Cancer Patients	T101	C1516213
27608043	55	68	Retrospective	T062	C0035363
27608043	69	88	Observational Study	T062	C1518527
27608043	94	116	Palliative Care Center	T093	C0587605
27608043	120	126	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27608043	131	134	aim	T078	C1947946
27608043	143	148	study	T062	C2603343
27608043	174	184	palliative	T080	C1285530
27608043	185	200	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
27608043	214	234	antibiotic treatment	T061	C0338237
27608043	251	256	weeks	T079	C0439230
27608043	260	264	life	T078	C0376558
27608043	273	282	infection	T046	C3714514
27608043	286	295	suspected	T080	C0332147
27608043	309	324	medical records	T170	C0025102
27608043	343	353	palliative	T080	C1285530
27608043	354	369	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
27608043	405	412	studies	T062	C2603343
27608043	416	425	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27608043	430	440	infections	T046	C3714514
27608043	442	450	Patients	T101	C0030705
27608043	451	463	treated with	T061	C0332293
27608043	464	475	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27608043	496	501	weeks	T079	C0439230
27608043	505	509	life	T078	C0376558
27608043	545	554	treatment	T061	C0087111
27608043	556	563	symptom	T184	C1457887
27608043	564	570	relief	T033	C0564405
27608043	585	599	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27608043	620	635	medical records	T170	C0025102
27608043	650	658	patients	T101	C0030705
27608043	674	686	treated with	T061	C0332293
27608043	687	698	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27608043	719	724	weeks	T079	C0439230
27608043	728	732	life	T078	C0376558
27608043	755	764	treatment	T061	C0087111
27608043	785	792	symptom	T184	C1457887
27608043	793	799	relief	T033	C0564405
27608043	826	852	positive bacterial culture	T034	C1142047
27608043	864	880	negative culture	T034	C0855652
27608043	891	901	no culture	T033	C0243095
27608043	923	931	patients	T101	C0030705
27608043	961	972	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27608043	984	1000	positive culture	T034	C1142047
27608043	1026	1046	antibiotic treatment	T061	C0338237
27608043	1063	1068	treat	T061	C0087111
27608043	1069	1075	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27608043	1077	1084	symptom	T184	C1457887
27608043	1085	1091	relief	T033	C0564405
27608043	1119	1127	patients	T101	C0030705
27608043	1161	1169	patients	T101	C0030705
27608043	1182	1196	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27608043	1204	1213	treatment	T061	C0087111
27608043	1215	1223	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27608043	1225	1231	nausea	T184	C0027497
27608043	1234	1242	Treating	T169	C1522326
27608043	1243	1253	infections	T046	C3714514
27608043	1259	1270	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27608043	1283	1288	weeks	T079	C0439230
27608043	1292	1296	life	T078	C0376558
27608043	1313	1320	quality	T080	C0332306
27608043	1324	1328	life	T078	C0376558
27608043	1333	1343	palliative	T080	C1285530
27608043	1344	1359	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
27608043	1375	1381	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27608043	1385	1394	suspected	T080	C0332147
27608043	1426	1433	results	T033	C0683954
27608043	1439	1457	beneficial effects	UnknownType	C0683156
27608043	1492	1500	outcomes	T080	C0085415

27608180|t|A Bayesian Network-Based Approach to Selection of Intervention Points in the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Plant Defense Response Pathway
27608180|a|An important problem in computational biology is the identification of potential points of intervention that can lead to modified network behavior in a genetic regulatory network. We consider the problem of deducing the effect of individual genes on the behavior of the network in a statistical framework. In this article, we make use of biological information from the literature to develop a Bayesian network and introduce a method to estimate parameters of this network using data that are relevant to the biological phenomena under study. Then, we give a novel approach to select significant nodes in the network using a decision-theoretic approach. The proposed method is applied to the analysis of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the plant defense response to pathogens. Results from applying the method to experimental data show that the proposed approach is effective in selecting genes that play crucial roles in the biological phenomenon being studied.
27608180	2	33	Bayesian Network-Based Approach	T081	C0242198
27608180	37	46	Selection	T052	C1707391
27608180	50	62	Intervention	T052	C3266814
27608180	77	109	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase	T116,T126	C0752312
27608180	110	115	Plant	T002	C0032098
27608180	116	132	Defense Response	T040	C1154988
27608180	133	140	Pathway	T044	C0037080
27608180	154	161	problem	T033	C0033213
27608180	165	186	computational biology	T091	C0376528
27608180	194	208	identification	T080	C0205396
27608180	232	244	intervention	T052	C3266814
27608180	262	270	modified	T169	C0392747
27608180	271	278	network	T044	C1720950
27608180	293	319	genetic regulatory network	T044	C1720950
27608180	337	344	problem	T033	C0033213
27608180	361	367	effect	T080	C1280500
27608180	382	387	genes	T028	C0017337
27608180	411	418	network	T044	C1720950
27608180	424	445	statistical framework	T062	C0242481
27608180	455	462	article	T170	C0282420
27608180	479	489	biological	T080	C0205460
27608180	490	501	information	T078	C1533716
27608180	511	521	literature	T170	C0023866
27608180	535	551	Bayesian network	T081	C0242198
27608180	556	565	introduce	T169	C1292748
27608180	568	574	method	T170	C0025663
27608180	587	597	parameters	T033	C0449381
27608180	606	613	network	T044	C1720950
27608180	620	624	data	T078	C1511726
27608180	634	642	relevant	T080	C2347946
27608180	650	670	biological phenomena	T070	C0005520
27608180	677	682	study	T062	C2603343
27608180	700	705	novel	T080	C0205314
27608180	706	714	approach	T078	C1254370
27608180	725	736	significant	T078	C0750502
27608180	750	757	network	T044	C1720950
27608180	766	793	decision-theoretic approach	T170	C0011114
27608180	808	814	method	T170	C0025663
27608180	833	841	analysis	T062	C0936012
27608180	849	889	mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway	T043	C1518102
27608180	897	902	plant	T002	C0032098
27608180	903	919	defense response	T040	C1154988
27608180	923	932	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27608180	934	941	Results	T169	C1274040
27608180	960	966	method	T170	C0025663
27608180	970	982	experimental	T080	C1517586
27608180	983	987	data	T078	C1511726
27608180	1002	1019	proposed approach	T078	C1254370
27608180	1023	1032	effective	T080	C1704419
27608180	1036	1045	selecting	T052	C1707391
27608180	1046	1051	genes	T028	C0017337
27608180	1070	1075	roles	T077	C1705810
27608180	1083	1104	biological phenomenon	T070	C0005520

27608421|t|Condition - dependent co-regulation of genomic clusters of virulence factors in the grapevine trunk pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum
27608421|a|The ascomycete Neofusicoccum parvum, one of the causal agents of Botryosphaeria dieback, is a destructive wood - infecting fungus and a serious threat to grape production worldwide. The capability of colonizing woody tissue combined with the secretion of phytotoxic compounds is thought to underlie its pathogenicity and virulence. Here, we describe the repertoire of virulence factors and their transcriptional dynamics as the fungus feeds on different substrates and colonizes the woody stem. We assembled and annotated a highly contiguous genome using single molecule real-time DNA sequencing. Transcriptome profiling by RNA-sequencing determined the genome -wide patterns of expression of virulence factors both in vitro (potato dextrose agar or medium amended with grape wood as substrate) and in planta. Pairwise statistical testing of differential expression followed by co-expression network analysis revealed that physically clustered genes coding for putative virulence functions were induced depending on substrate or stage of plant infection. Co-expressed gene clusters were significantly enriched not only in genes associated with secondary metabolism, but also with cell wall degradation, suggesting that dynamic co-regulation of transcriptional networks contribute to multiple aspects of N. parvum virulence. In most of the co-expressed clusters, all genes shared at least a common motif in their promoter region indicative of co-regulation by the same transcription factor. Co-expression analysis also identified chromatin regulators with correlated expression with inducible clusters of virulence factors, suggesting a complex, multi-layered regulation of the virulence repertoire of N. parvum. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
27608421	0	9	Condition	T080	C0348080
27608421	12	21	dependent	T080	C0851827
27608421	22	35	co-regulation	T038	C1327622
27608421	39	55	genomic clusters	T028	C0017258
27608421	59	76	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27608421	84	99	grapevine trunk	T047	C0012634
27608421	100	108	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27608421	109	129	Neofusicoccum parvum	T004	C2269732
27608421	134	144	ascomycete	T004	C0003965
27608421	145	165	Neofusicoccum parvum	T004	C2269732
27608421	178	191	causal agents	T033	C0449411
27608421	195	217	Botryosphaeria dieback	T004	C1011772
27608421	236	240	wood	T167	C0043217
27608421	243	252	infecting	T033	C0439663
27608421	253	259	fungus	T004	C0016832
27608421	274	280	threat	T078	C0749385
27608421	284	289	grape	T168	C0018208
27608421	301	310	worldwide	T098	C2700280
27608421	316	326	capability	T080	C2698977
27608421	330	340	colonizing	T033	C4289767
27608421	341	353	woody tissue	T025	C1514137
27608421	354	362	combined	T080	C0205195
27608421	372	381	secretion	T038	C0036536
27608421	385	395	phytotoxic	T080	C1407029
27608421	396	405	compounds	T103	C1706082
27608421	433	446	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
27608421	451	460	virulence	T038	C0042765
27608421	498	515	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27608421	526	541	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27608421	542	550	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27608421	558	564	fungus	T004	C0016832
27608421	565	570	feeds	T168	C0016452
27608421	584	594	substrates	T167	C3891814
27608421	599	608	colonizes	T033	C4289767
27608421	613	623	woody stem	T002	C2699642
27608421	628	637	assembled	T052	C1706853
27608421	642	651	annotated	T080	C1552720
27608421	654	660	highly	T080	C0205250
27608421	661	671	contiguous	T082	C0205283
27608421	672	678	genome	T028	C0017428
27608421	685	725	single molecule real-time DNA sequencing	UnknownType	C0687728
27608421	727	750	Transcriptome profiling	T059,T063	C0752248
27608421	754	768	RNA-sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
27608421	784	790	genome	T028	C0017428
27608421	797	805	patterns	T082	C0449774
27608421	809	819	expression	T045	C0017262
27608421	823	840	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27608421	846	854	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27608421	856	862	potato	T168	C0032846
27608421	863	876	dextrose agar	T130	C3266617
27608421	880	886	medium	T130	C0010454
27608421	887	894	amended	T080	C1691222
27608421	900	905	grape	T168	C0018208
27608421	906	910	wood	T167	C0043217
27608421	914	923	substrate	T167	C3891814
27608421	932	938	planta	T002	C0032098
27608421	940	968	Pairwise statistical testing	T170	C0237913
27608421	972	984	differential	T080	C1705242
27608421	985	995	expression	T045	C0017262
27608421	1008	1038	co-expression network analysis	T063	C1880945
27608421	1053	1063	physically	T169	C0205485
27608421	1064	1079	clustered genes	T028	C0017258
27608421	1080	1086	coding	T085	C0017380
27608421	1100	1109	virulence	T038	C0042765
27608421	1110	1119	functions	T169	C0542341
27608421	1146	1155	substrate	T167	C3891814
27608421	1159	1164	stage	T079	C1306673
27608421	1168	1173	plant	T002	C0032098
27608421	1174	1183	infection	T046	C3714514
27608421	1185	1197	Co-expressed	T045	C0017262
27608421	1198	1211	gene clusters	T028	C0017258
27608421	1252	1257	genes	T028	C0017337
27608421	1258	1273	associated with	T080	C0332281
27608421	1274	1294	secondary metabolism	T044	C0260000
27608421	1310	1331	cell wall degradation	T043	C1157855
27608421	1349	1356	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27608421	1357	1370	co-regulation	T038	C1327622
27608421	1374	1398	transcriptional networks	T044	C1720950
27608421	1433	1442	N. parvum	T004	C2269732
27608421	1443	1452	virulence	T038	C0042765
27608421	1469	1481	co-expressed	T045	C0017262
27608421	1482	1490	clusters	T028	C0017258
27608421	1496	1501	genes	T028	C0017337
27608421	1542	1557	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27608421	1572	1585	co-regulation	T038	C1327622
27608421	1598	1618	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27608421	1620	1642	Co-expression analysis	T063	C1880945
27608421	1659	1668	chromatin	T116	C0008546
27608421	1669	1679	regulators	T077	C1704735
27608421	1685	1695	correlated	T080	C1707520
27608421	1696	1706	expression	T045	C0017262
27608421	1712	1721	inducible	T169	C0205263
27608421	1722	1730	clusters	T028	C0017258
27608421	1734	1751	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27608421	1789	1799	regulation	T038	C1327622
27608421	1807	1816	virulence	T038	C0042765
27608421	1831	1840	N. parvum	T004	C2269732

27608841|t|The clinicopathological and prognostic features of Chinese and Japanese inpatients with lung cancer
27608841|a|Here, we retrospectively compared the differences in clinicopathological behaviors and prognosis of lung cancer from the First Affiliated Hospital (CMU1, n=513), Shengjing Hospital (CMUS, n=1021), Tumor Hospital (CMUT, n=5378) of China Medical University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian (DMU, n=2251) and Jinzhou (JMU, n=630) Medical University, Takaoka Kouseiren Hospital (Takaoka, n=163) of Japan. Japanese lung cancer patients showed smaller tumor size, lower TNM staging, lower ratio of squamous cell carcinoma and higher ratio of small and large cell carcinomas than Chinese patients (p<0.05). Survival analysis showed that tumor size was employed as a prognostic factor for the Japanese and Chinese cancer patients (p<0.05). In DMU and CMUS, the ratio s of female patients or adenocarcinoma were higher than other hospitals (p<0.05), while the patients from CMUT and CMU1 were younger than the others (p<0.05). The ratio s of squamous cell carcinoma from CMUT, CMU1 and JMU were higher than the others, while it was the same for the ratio of large and small cell carcinoma in Takaoka and CMU1 (p<0.05). TNM staging was higher in CMUT than JMU and Takaoka (p<0.05). The female patients of lung cancer showed young prone, large tumor size, a high ratio of adenocarcinoma and advanced TNM staging in comparison to the counterpart (p<0.05). The younger patients of lung cancer displayed smaller tumor size, higher ratio of adenocarcinoma, lower TNM staging than the elder in Takaoka (p<0.05). There were more aggressive behaviors and shorter survival time for Chinese than Japanese lung cancer patients. The prevention of lung cancer should be strengthened by establishing a systematic and effective screening strategy, especially for the young and female patients.
27608841	4	23	clinicopathological	T201	C0683325
27608841	28	47	prognostic features	T201	C1514474
27608841	51	58	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27608841	63	71	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27608841	72	82	inpatients	T101	C0021562
27608841	88	99	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27608841	109	124	retrospectively	T062	C0035363
27608841	125	133	compared	T052	C1707455
27608841	138	149	differences	T080	C1705242
27608841	153	182	clinicopathological behaviors	T201	C0683325
27608841	187	196	prognosis	T201	C1516221
27608841	200	211	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27608841	221	246	First Affiliated Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	248	252	CMU1	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	262	280	Shengjing Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	282	286	CMUS	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	297	311	Tumor Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	313	317	CMUT	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	330	354	China Medical University	T073,T093	C0000872
27608841	360	385	First Affiliated Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	389	395	Dalian	T083	C0017446
27608841	397	400	DMU	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	414	421	Jinzhou	T083	C0017446
27608841	423	426	JMU	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	435	453	Medical University	T073,T093	C0000872
27608841	455	481	Takaoka Kouseiren Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	483	490	Takaoka	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	502	507	Japan	T083	C0022341
27608841	509	517	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27608841	518	529	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27608841	530	538	patients	T101	C0030705
27608841	546	553	smaller	T080	C0547044
27608841	554	564	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27608841	566	571	lower	T080	C0205251
27608841	572	583	TNM staging	T185	C1515169
27608841	585	590	lower	T080	C0205251
27608841	591	596	ratio	T081	C0456603
27608841	600	623	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
27608841	628	634	higher	T080	C0205250
27608841	635	640	ratio	T081	C0456603
27608841	644	649	small	T191	C0262584
27608841	654	675	large cell carcinomas	T191	C0206704
27608841	681	688	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27608841	689	697	patients	T101	C0030705
27608841	708	725	Survival analysis	T062	C0038953
27608841	738	748	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27608841	767	784	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
27608841	793	801	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27608841	806	813	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27608841	814	820	cancer	T191	C0006826
27608841	821	829	patients	T101	C0030705
27608841	843	846	DMU	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	851	855	CMUS	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	861	866	ratio	T081	C0456603
27608841	872	878	female	T032	C0086287
27608841	879	887	patients	T101	C0030705
27608841	891	905	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
27608841	911	917	higher	T080	C0205250
27608841	929	938	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	959	967	patients	T101	C0030705
27608841	973	977	CMUT	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	982	986	CMU1	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	992	999	younger	T079	C0332239
27608841	1030	1035	ratio	T081	C0456603
27608841	1030	1037	ratio s	T081	C0456603
27608841	1041	1064	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
27608841	1070	1074	CMUT	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	1076	1080	CMU1	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	1085	1088	JMU	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	1094	1100	higher	T080	C0205250
27608841	1148	1153	ratio	T081	C0456603
27608841	1157	1162	large	T191	C0206704
27608841	1167	1187	small cell carcinoma	T191	C0262584
27608841	1191	1198	Takaoka	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	1203	1207	CMU1	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	1218	1229	TNM staging	T185	C1515169
27608841	1234	1240	higher	T080	C0205250
27608841	1244	1248	CMUT	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	1254	1257	JMU	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	1262	1269	Takaoka	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	1284	1290	female	T032	C0086287
27608841	1291	1299	patients	T101	C0030705
27608841	1303	1314	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27608841	1335	1340	large	T081	C0549177
27608841	1341	1351	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27608841	1355	1359	high	T080	C0205250
27608841	1360	1365	ratio	T081	C0456603
27608841	1369	1383	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
27608841	1397	1408	TNM staging	T185	C1515169
27608841	1456	1463	younger	T079	C0332239
27608841	1464	1472	patients	T101	C0030705
27608841	1476	1487	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27608841	1498	1505	smaller	T080	C0547044
27608841	1506	1516	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27608841	1518	1524	higher	T080	C0205250
27608841	1525	1530	ratio	T081	C0456603
27608841	1534	1548	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
27608841	1550	1555	lower	T080	C0205251
27608841	1556	1567	TNM staging	T185	C1515169
27608841	1577	1582	elder	T098	C0001792
27608841	1586	1593	Takaoka	T073,T093	C0019994
27608841	1620	1640	aggressive behaviors	T055	C0001807
27608841	1645	1652	shorter	T081	C1806781
27608841	1653	1666	survival time	T201	C2919552
27608841	1671	1678	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27608841	1684	1692	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27608841	1693	1704	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27608841	1705	1713	patients	T101	C0030705
27608841	1705	1713	patients	T101	C0030705
27608841	1719	1729	prevention	T061	C0281206
27608841	1733	1744	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27608841	1786	1796	systematic	T169	C0220922
27608841	1801	1810	effective	T080	C1704419
27608841	1811	1829	screening strategy	T058	C0220908
27608841	1850	1855	young	T079	C0332239
27608841	1860	1866	female	T032	C0086287
27608841	1867	1875	patients	T101	C0030705

27608968|t|Congenital anomalies following use of isotretinoin: Emphasis on its legal aspects
27608968|a|We described a neonate with severe and multiple abnormalities following use of isotretinoin, in spite of the mother 's previous knowledge of drug complications. Initial physical examination after delivery showed congenital absence of both eyes and both auricles as well as anal atresia and a cleft palate. Due to severe respiratory distress and atresia of the anus, the neonate was admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit and underwent reconstructive surgery. The drug should not have been used during pregnancy. Using this drug within pregnancy with awareness of its side effects may have legal consequences.
27608968	0	20	Congenital anomalies	T019	C0000768
27608968	38	50	isotretinoin	T109,T121	C0022265
27608968	68	81	legal aspects	T064	C0022433
27608968	97	104	neonate	T100	C0021289
27608968	110	116	severe	T080	C0205082
27608968	121	143	multiple abnormalities	T019	C0000772
27608968	161	173	isotretinoin	T109,T121	C0022265
27608968	191	197	mother	T099	C0026591
27608968	210	219	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27608968	223	241	drug complications	T046	C1393201
27608968	251	271	physical examination	T058	C0031809
27608968	278	286	delivery	T061	C0011209
27608968	294	312	congenital absence	T019	C0332907
27608968	316	325	both eyes	T023	C0229118
27608968	335	343	auricles	T023	C0928075
27608968	355	367	anal atresia	T019	C0003466
27608968	374	386	cleft palate	T019	C0008925
27608968	395	401	severe	T080	C0205082
27608968	402	422	respiratory distress	T184	C0476273
27608968	427	434	atresia	T019	C0243066
27608968	442	446	anus	T023	C0003461
27608968	452	459	neonate	T100	C0021289
27608968	478	486	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27608968	487	506	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27608968	521	543	reconstructive surgery	T061	C0524865
27608968	549	553	drug	T121	C1254351
27608968	587	596	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27608968	609	613	drug	T121	C1254351
27608968	621	630	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27608968	653	665	side effects	T046	C0041755
27608968	675	680	legal	T169	C1301860
27608968	681	693	consequences	T169	C0686907

27608985|t|Rate - equation modelling and ensemble approach to extraction of parameters for viral infection - induced cell apoptosis and necrosis
27608985|a|We develop a theoretical approach that uses physiochemical kinetics modelling to describe cell population dynamics upon progression of viral infection in cell culture, which results in cell apoptosis (programmed cell death) and necrosis (direct cell death). Several model parameters necessary for computer simulation were determined by reviewing and analyzing available published experimental data. By comparing experimental data to computer modelling results, we identify the parameters that are the most sensitive to the measured system properties and allow for the best data fitting. Our model allows extraction of parameters from experimental data and also has predictive power. Using the model we describe interesting time - dependent quantities that were not directly measured in the experiment and identify correlations among the fitted parameter values. Numerical simulation of viral infection progression is done by a rate - equation approach resulting in a system of "stiff" equations, which are solved by using a novel variant of the stochastic ensemble modelling approach. The latter was originally developed for coupled chemical reactions.
27608985	0	4	Rate	T081	C1521828
27608985	7	15	equation	T077	C0552449
27608985	16	25	modelling	T062	C0870071
27608985	65	75	parameters	T169	C1521761
27608985	80	95	viral infection	T047	C0042769
27608985	98	105	induced	T169	C0205263
27608985	106	120	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27608985	125	133	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27608985	137	144	develop	T169	C1527148
27608985	147	158	theoretical	T062,T170	C0039778
27608985	159	167	approach	T082	C0449445
27608985	178	192	physiochemical	T169	C0205245
27608985	193	201	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27608985	202	211	modelling	T062	C0870071
27608985	224	239	cell population	T025	C0007634
27608985	240	248	dynamics	T169	C0729333
27608985	254	265	progression	T046	C0242656
27608985	269	284	viral infection	T047	C0042769
27608985	288	300	cell culture	T059	C0007585
27608985	308	315	results	T169	C1274040
27608985	319	333	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27608985	335	356	programmed cell death	T043	C0162638
27608985	362	370	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27608985	372	389	direct cell death	T042	C0027540
27608985	400	405	model	T170	C3161035
27608985	406	416	parameters	T169	C1521761
27608985	417	426	necessary	T169	C1514873
27608985	431	450	computer simulation	T066	C0009609
27608985	456	469	determined by	T080	C0521095
27608985	470	479	reviewing	T080	C1704362
27608985	484	493	analyzing	T062	C0936012
27608985	504	513	published	T170	C1704324
27608985	514	526	experimental	T080	C1517586
27608985	527	531	data	T078	C1511726
27608985	536	545	comparing	T052	C1707455
27608985	546	558	experimental	T080	C1517586
27608985	559	563	data	T078	C1511726
27608985	567	585	computer modelling	T066	C0009609
27608985	586	593	results	T169	C1274040
27608985	598	606	identify	T080	C0205396
27608985	611	621	parameters	T169	C1521761
27608985	640	649	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27608985	657	665	measured	T080	C0444706
27608985	666	672	system	T169	C0449913
27608985	673	683	properties	T080	C0871161
27608985	702	706	best	T080	C1522427
27608985	707	711	data	T078	C1511726
27608985	725	730	model	T170	C3161035
27608985	752	762	parameters	T169	C1521761
27608985	768	780	experimental	T080	C1517586
27608985	781	785	data	T078	C1511726
27608985	799	809	predictive	T080	C0681890
27608985	810	815	power	T081	C3854080
27608985	827	832	model	T170	C3161035
27608985	845	856	interesting	T041	C0543488
27608985	857	861	time	T079	C0040223
27608985	864	873	dependent	T080	C0851827
27608985	874	884	quantities	T081	C1265611
27608985	908	916	measured	T080	C0444706
27608985	924	934	experiment	T062	C0681814
27608985	939	947	identify	T080	C0205396
27608985	948	960	correlations	T080	C1707520
27608985	978	994	parameter values	T077	C0549193
27608985	996	1005	Numerical	T081	C0237753
27608985	1006	1016	simulation	T062	C0679083
27608985	1020	1035	viral infection	T047	C0042769
27608985	1036	1047	progression	T046	C0242656
27608985	1061	1065	rate	T081	C1521828
27608985	1068	1076	equation	T077	C0552449
27608985	1086	1098	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27608985	1101	1107	system	T169	C0449913
27608985	1111	1128	"stiff" equations	T077	C0552449
27608985	1150	1155	using	T169	C1524063
27608985	1158	1163	novel	T080	C0205314
27608985	1164	1171	variant	T080	C0205419
27608985	1179	1189	stochastic	T081	C0038347
27608985	1199	1208	modelling	T062	C0870071
27608985	1245	1254	developed	T169	C1527148
27608985	1259	1266	coupled	T169	C1948027
27608985	1267	1285	chemical reactions	T067	C0596319

27609556|t|Functional adaptation of crustacean exoskeletal elements through structural and compositional diversity: a combined experimental and theoretical study
27609556|a|The crustacean cuticle is a composite material that covers the whole animal and forms the continuous exoskeleton. Nano-fibers composed of chitin and protein molecules form most of the organic matrix of the cuticle that, at the macroscale, is organized in up to eight hierarchical levels. At least two of them, the exo- and endocuticle, contain a mineral phase of mainly Mg - calcite, amorphous calcium carbonate and phosphate. The high number of hierarchical levels and the compositional diversity provide a high degree of freedom for varying the physical, in particular mechanical, properties of the material. This makes the cuticle a versatile material ideally suited to form a variety of skeletal elements that are adapted to different functions and the eco-physiological strains of individual species. This review presents our recent analytical, experimental and theoretical studies on the cuticle, summarising at which hierarchical levels structure and composition are modified to achieve the required physical properties. We describe our multi-scale hierarchical modeling approach based on the results from these studies, aiming at systematically predicting the structure - composition - property relations of cuticle composites from the molecular level to the macro-scale. This modeling approach provides a tool to facilitate the development of optimized biomimetic materials within a knowledge-based design approach.
27609556	0	21	Functional adaptation	T038	C0392673
27609556	25	35	crustacean	T204	C1704306
27609556	36	47	exoskeletal	T023	C0596796
27609556	48	56	elements	T196	C0013879
27609556	65	75	structural	T082	C0678594
27609556	80	93	compositional	T032	C0005885
27609556	94	103	diversity	T080	C0282469
27609556	107	115	combined	T080	C0205195
27609556	116	128	experimental	T062	C0681814
27609556	133	150	theoretical study	T062,T170	C0039778
27609556	155	165	crustacean	T204	C1704306
27609556	166	173	cuticle	T002	C2699479
27609556	179	188	composite	T080	C0205199
27609556	189	197	material	T167	C0520510
27609556	220	226	animal	T008	C0003062
27609556	241	263	continuous exoskeleton	T023	C0596796
27609556	265	276	Nano-fibers	T073	C1881960
27609556	289	295	chitin	T109,T123	C0008141
27609556	300	317	protein molecules	T116,T123	C0033684
27609556	335	342	organic	T080	C0747055
27609556	343	349	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27609556	357	364	cuticle	T002	C2699479
27609556	378	388	macroscale	T081	C0392762
27609556	418	430	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
27609556	431	437	levels	T080	C0441889
27609556	465	469	exo-	T002	C2699479
27609556	474	485	endocuticle	T002	C2699479
27609556	497	510	mineral phase	T197	C0026162
27609556	521	523	Mg	T123,T196	C0024467
27609556	526	533	calcite	T197	C0205686
27609556	535	544	amorphous	T080	C1979848
27609556	545	562	calcium carbonate	T121,T197	C0006681
27609556	567	576	phosphate	T121,T197	C0031603
27609556	597	609	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
27609556	610	616	levels	T080	C0441889
27609556	625	638	compositional	T032	C0005885
27609556	639	648	diversity	T080	C0282469
27609556	664	681	degree of freedom	T080	C0205556
27609556	686	693	varying	T169	C0392747
27609556	698	706	physical	T201	C1998468
27609556	722	732	mechanical	T169	C0205245
27609556	734	744	properties	T080	C0871161
27609556	752	760	material	T167	C0520510
27609556	777	784	cuticle	T002	C2699479
27609556	787	805	versatile material	T167	C0520510
27609556	842	850	skeletal	T082	C0521324
27609556	851	859	elements	T196	C0013879
27609556	869	876	adapted	T038	C0392673
27609556	890	899	functions	T169	C0542341
27609556	908	933	eco-physiological strains	T001	C1518614
27609556	937	955	individual species	T185	C1705920
27609556	962	968	review	T170	C0282443
27609556	989	999	analytical	T170	C0178476
27609556	1001	1013	experimental	T062	C0681814
27609556	1018	1037	theoretical studies	T062,T170	C0039778
27609556	1045	1052	cuticle	T002	C2699479
27609556	1075	1087	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
27609556	1088	1094	levels	T080	C0441889
27609556	1095	1104	structure	T082	C0678594
27609556	1109	1120	composition	T032	C0005885
27609556	1158	1177	physical properties	T201	C1998468
27609556	1195	1237	multi-scale hierarchical modeling approach	T075	C0026336
27609556	1251	1258	results	T169	C1274040
27609556	1270	1277	studies	T062	C2603343
27609556	1289	1303	systematically	T169	C0220922
27609556	1304	1314	predicting	T078	C0681842
27609556	1319	1328	structure	T082	C0678594
27609556	1331	1342	composition	T032	C0005885
27609556	1345	1353	property	T080	C0871161
27609556	1354	1363	relations	T080	C0439849
27609556	1367	1374	cuticle	T002	C2699479
27609556	1375	1385	composites	T080	C0205199
27609556	1395	1404	molecular	T080	C1521991
27609556	1405	1410	level	T080	C0441889
27609556	1418	1429	macro-scale	T081	C0392762
27609556	1436	1453	modeling approach	T075	C0026336
27609556	1488	1499	development	T169	C1527148
27609556	1513	1533	biomimetic materials	T073	C1136386
27609556	1543	1574	knowledge-based design approach	T075	C0026336

27609696|t|Costing ' healthy' food baskets in Australia - a systematic review of food price and affordability monitoring tools, protocols and methods
27609696|a|To undertake a systematic review to determine similarities and differences in metrics and results between recently and/or currently used tools, protocols and methods for monitoring Australian healthy food prices and affordability. Electronic databases of peer-reviewed literature and online grey literature were systematically searched using the PRISMA approach for articles and reports relating to healthy food and diet price assessment tools, protocols, methods and results that utilised retail pricing. National, state, regional and local areas of Australia from 1995 to 2015. Assessment tools, protocols and methods to measure the price of 'healthy' foods and diets. The search identified fifty-nine discrete surveys of ' healthy' food pricing incorporating six major food pricing tools (those used in multiple areas and time periods) and five minor food pricing tools (those used in a single survey area or time period). Analysis demonstrated methodological differences regarding: included foods; reference households; use of availability and/or quality measures; household income sources; store sampling methods; data collection protocols; analysis methods; and results. ' Healthy' food price assessment methods used in Australia lack comparability across all metrics and most do not fully align with a ' healthy' diet as recommended by the current Australian Dietary Guidelines. None have been applied nationally. Assessment of the price, price differential and affordability of healthy (recommended) and current (unhealthy) diets would provide more robust and meaningful data to inform health and fiscal policy in Australia. The INFORMAS ' optimal ' approach provides a potential framework for development of these methods.
27609696	0	7	Costing	T169	C0220812
27609696	10	31	healthy' food baskets	T168	C0453857
27609696	35	44	Australia	T083	C0004340
27609696	49	66	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27609696	70	74	food	T168	C0016452
27609696	75	80	price	T081	C0080045
27609696	85	98	affordability	T081	C0814630
27609696	99	115	monitoring tools	T170	C0282574
27609696	117	126	protocols	T170	C0442711
27609696	131	138	methods	T170	C0025663
27609696	154	171	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27609696	185	197	similarities	T080	C2348205
27609696	202	213	differences	T080	C1705242
27609696	217	224	metrics	T081	C0025867
27609696	229	236	results	T169	C1274040
27609696	245	253	recently	T079	C0332185
27609696	261	270	currently	T079	C0521116
27609696	276	281	tools	T170	C0282574
27609696	283	292	protocols	T170	C0442711
27609696	297	304	methods	T170	C0025663
27609696	309	319	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27609696	320	330	Australian	T083	C0004340
27609696	331	343	healthy food	T168	C0453857
27609696	344	350	prices	T081	C0080045
27609696	355	368	affordability	T081	C0814630
27609696	370	390	Electronic databases	T170	C0242356
27609696	394	418	peer-reviewed literature	T170	C0023866
27609696	423	445	online grey literature	T170	C0023866
27609696	451	465	systematically	T169	C0220922
27609696	466	474	searched	T052	C1706202
27609696	485	491	PRISMA	T062	C0242481
27609696	505	513	articles	T170	C1706852
27609696	518	525	reports	T170	C0684224
27609696	538	550	healthy food	T168	C0453857
27609696	555	582	diet price assessment tools	T170	C0282574
27609696	584	593	protocols	T170	C0442711
27609696	595	602	methods	T170	C0025663
27609696	607	614	results	T169	C1274040
27609696	629	643	retail pricing	T081	C0080045
27609696	645	653	National	UnknownType	C0681784
27609696	655	660	state	T083	C1301808
27609696	662	670	regional	T082	C0205147
27609696	675	686	local areas	T083	C0017446
27609696	690	699	Australia	T083	C0004340
27609696	719	735	Assessment tools	T170	C0282574
27609696	737	746	protocols	T170	C0442711
27609696	751	758	methods	T170	C0025663
27609696	762	769	measure	T081	C0079809
27609696	774	779	price	T081	C0080045
27609696	783	798	'healthy' foods	T168	C0453857
27609696	803	808	diets	T168	C0012155
27609696	821	831	identified	T080	C0205396
27609696	852	859	surveys	T170	C0038951
27609696	865	878	healthy' food	T168	C0453857
27609696	879	886	pricing	T081	C0080045
27609696	911	929	food pricing tools	T170	C0282574
27609696	945	959	multiple areas	T082	C4266465
27609696	964	976	time periods	T079	C1948053
27609696	987	992	minor	T080	C0205165
27609696	993	1011	food pricing tools	T170	C0282574
27609696	1029	1047	single survey area	T082	C0445260
27609696	1051	1062	time period	T079	C1948053
27609696	1065	1073	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27609696	1087	1101	methodological	T078	C3266812
27609696	1102	1113	differences	T080	C1705242
27609696	1125	1133	included	T169	C0332257
27609696	1134	1139	foods	T168	C0016452
27609696	1141	1161	reference households	T099	C0020052
27609696	1170	1182	availability	T169	C0470187
27609696	1190	1206	quality measures	T170	C3242457
27609696	1208	1224	household income	T033	C0557163
27609696	1225	1232	sources	T033	C0449416
27609696	1234	1239	store	T073	C0680165
27609696	1240	1256	sampling methods	T170	C0449370
27609696	1258	1273	data collection	T062	C0010995
27609696	1274	1283	protocols	T170	C0442711
27609696	1285	1301	analysis methods	T062	C3900047
27609696	1307	1314	results	T169	C1274040
27609696	1318	1331	Healthy' food	T168	C0453857
27609696	1332	1337	price	T081	C0080045
27609696	1338	1348	assessment	T052	C1516048
27609696	1349	1356	methods	T170	C0025663
27609696	1365	1374	Australia	T083	C0004340
27609696	1375	1379	lack	T080	C0332268
27609696	1380	1393	comparability	T052	C1707455
27609696	1405	1412	metrics	T081	C0025867
27609696	1450	1463	healthy' diet	T168	C0012155
27609696	1467	1478	recommended	T078	C0034866
27609696	1494	1523	Australian Dietary Guidelines	T170	C3658297
27609696	1560	1570	Assessment	T052	C1516048
27609696	1578	1583	price	T081	C0080045
27609696	1585	1603	price differential	T078	C1549478
27609696	1608	1621	affordability	T081	C0814630
27609696	1625	1632	healthy	T061	C0452415
27609696	1634	1645	recommended	T078	C0034866
27609696	1651	1658	current	T079	C0521116
27609696	1659	1676	(unhealthy) diets	T055	C3805118
27609696	1683	1690	provide	T052	C1999230
27609696	1696	1702	robust	T080	C2986815
27609696	1718	1722	data	T078	C1511726
27609696	1733	1757	health and fiscal policy	T064	C0681005
27609696	1761	1770	Australia	T083	C0004340
27609696	1776	1784	INFORMAS	T170	C0282574
27609696	1787	1794	optimal	T080	C2698651
27609696	1817	1826	potential	T080	C3245505
27609696	1841	1852	development	T169	C1527148
27609696	1862	1869	methods	T170	C0025663

27609916|t|Draft Genome Sequences of 15 Isolates of Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 1/2a, Subgroup ST204
27609916|a|Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 204 (ST204) strains have been isolated from a range of food, environmental, and clinical sources in Australia. This study describes the draft genome sequences of 15 isolates collected from meat and dairy associated sources.
27609916	0	22	Draft Genome Sequences	T085	C2348746
27609916	29	37	Isolates	T123	C3494793
27609916	41	77	Listeria monocytogenes Serotype 1/2a	T007	C3472320
27609916	79	87	Subgroup	T185	C1515021
27609916	88	93	ST204	T001	C1518614
27609916	94	116	Listeria monocytogenes	T007	C0023861
27609916	117	150	sequence type 204 (ST204) strains	T001	C1518614
27609916	161	169	isolated	T169	C0205409
27609916	177	190	range of food	T168	C0016452
27609916	192	205	environmental	T082	C0014406
27609916	211	219	clinical	T080	C0205210
27609916	220	227	sources	T033	C0449416
27609916	231	240	Australia	T083	C0004340
27609916	267	289	draft genome sequences	T085	C2348746
27609916	320	324	meat	T168	C0025017
27609916	329	353	dairy associated sources	T168	C0010947

27609921|t|Complete Genome Sequence of the Largest Known Flavi-Like Virus, Diaphorina citri flavi-like virus, a Novel Virus of the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri
27609921|a|A novel flavi-like virus tentatively named Diaphorina citri flavi-like virus (DcFLV) was identified in field populations of Diaphorina citri through small RNA and transcriptome sequencing followed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. We report here the complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of DcFLV, the largest flavi-like virus identified to date.
27609921	0	24	Complete Genome Sequence	T085	C2348746
27609921	46	62	Flavi-Like Virus	T005	C0042776
27609921	64	97	Diaphorina citri flavi-like virus	T005	C0042776
27609921	101	106	Novel	T080	C0205314
27609921	107	112	Virus	T005	C0042776
27609921	120	132	Asian Citrus	T002	C0008865
27609921	133	140	Psyllid	T204	C0600236
27609921	142	158	Diaphorina citri	T204	C1058727
27609921	161	166	novel	T080	C0205314
27609921	167	183	flavi-like virus	T005	C0042776
27609921	202	235	Diaphorina citri flavi-like virus	T005	C0042776
27609921	237	242	DcFLV	T005	C0042776
27609921	248	258	identified	T080	C0205396
27609921	268	279	populations	T098	C1257890
27609921	283	299	Diaphorina citri	T204	C1058727
27609921	308	317	small RNA	T114,T123	C0035709
27609921	322	346	transcriptome sequencing	T059	C4086963
27609921	359	389	reverse transcription (RT)-PCR	T063	C0599161
27609921	410	418	complete	T080	C0205197
27609921	419	438	nucleotide sequence	T086	C0314659
27609921	443	462	genome organization	T026	C1337068
27609921	466	471	DcFLV	T005	C0042776
27609921	485	501	flavi-like virus	T005	C0042776

27610042|t|Myometrial relaxation of mice via expression of two pore domain acid sensitive K(+) (TASK-2) channels
27610042|a|Myometrial relaxation of mouse via expression of two-pore domain acid sensitive (TASK) channels was studied. In our previous report, we suggested that two-pore domain acid-sensing K(+) channels (TASK-2) might be one of the candidates for the regulation of uterine circular smooth muscles in mice. In this study, we tried to show the mechanisms of relaxation via TASK-2 channels in marine myometrium. Isometric contraction measurements and patch clamp technique were used to verify TASK conductance in murine myometrium. Western blot and immunehistochemical study under confocal microscopy were used to investigate molecular identity of TASK channel. In this study, we showed that TEA and 4-AP insensitive non-inactivating outward K(+) current (NIOK) may be responsible for the quiescence of murine pregnant longitudinal myometrium. The characteristics of NIOK coincided with two-pore domain acid-sensing K(+) channels (TASK-2). NIOK in the presence of K(+) channel blockers was inhibited further by TASK inhibitors such as quinidine, bupivacaine, lidocaine, and extracellular acidosis. Furthermore, oxytocin and estrogen inhibited NIOK in pregnant myometrium. When compared to non-pregnant myometrium, pregnant myometrium showed stronger inhibition of NIOK by quinidine and increased immunohistochemical expression of TASK-2. Finally, TASK-2 inhibitors induced strong myometrial contraction even in the presence of L-methionine, a known inhibitor of stretch-activated channels in the longitudinal myometrium of mouse. Activation of TASK-2 channels seems to play an essential role for relaxing uterus during pregnancy and it might be one of the alternatives for preventing preterm delivery.
27610042	0	10	Myometrial	T029	C0521387
27610042	11	21	relaxation	T052	C0035028
27610042	25	29	mice	T015	C0025929
27610042	34	44	expression	T045	C1171362
27610042	48	101	two pore domain acid sensitive K(+) (TASK-2) channels	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	102	112	Myometrial	T029	C0521387
27610042	113	123	relaxation	T052	C0035028
27610042	127	132	mouse	T015	C0025929
27610042	137	147	expression	T045	C1171362
27610042	151	197	two-pore domain acid sensitive (TASK) channels	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	202	209	studied	T062	C2603343
27610042	227	233	report	T170	C0684224
27610042	238	247	suggested	T078	C1705535
27610042	253	295	two-pore domain acid-sensing K(+) channels	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	297	303	TASK-2	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	344	389	regulation of uterine circular smooth muscles	T042	C3547969
27610042	393	397	mice	T015	C0025929
27610042	407	412	study	T062	C2603343
27610042	435	445	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27610042	449	459	relaxation	T052	C0035028
27610042	464	479	TASK-2 channels	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	483	489	marine	T001	C0599383
27610042	490	500	myometrium	T023	C0027088
27610042	502	523	Isometric contraction	T042	C0022205
27610042	524	536	measurements	T169	C0242485
27610042	541	562	patch clamp technique	T062	C0242625
27610042	576	582	verify	T169	C1711411
27610042	583	587	TASK	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	588	599	conductance	T043	C1749550
27610042	603	609	murine	T015	C0026802
27610042	610	620	myometrium	T023	C0027088
27610042	622	634	Western blot	T059	C0949466
27610042	639	664	immunehistochemical study	T060	C0021044
27610042	671	690	confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
27610042	704	715	investigate	T169	C1292732
27610042	716	734	molecular identity	T201	C2599414
27610042	738	750	TASK channel	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	760	765	study	T062	C2603343
27610042	782	785	TEA	T109,T121	C0076252
27610042	790	794	4-AP	T109,T121	C0000477
27610042	795	806	insensitive	T033	C0237284
27610042	807	844	non-inactivating outward K(+) current	T043	C0162585
27610042	846	850	NIOK	T043	C0162585
27610042	879	889	quiescence	T043	C3820816
27610042	893	899	murine	T015	C0026802
27610042	900	908	pregnant	T023	C1514389
27610042	909	921	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27610042	922	932	myometrium	T023	C0027088
27610042	938	953	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27610042	957	961	NIOK	T043	C0162585
27610042	977	1019	two-pore domain acid-sensing K(+) channels	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	1021	1027	TASK-2	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	1030	1034	NIOK	T043	C0162585
27610042	1042	1050	presence	T033	C0150312
27610042	1054	1075	K(+) channel blockers	T121	C0872245
27610042	1080	1089	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27610042	1101	1105	TASK	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	1106	1116	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27610042	1125	1134	quinidine	T109,T121	C0034414
27610042	1136	1147	bupivacaine	T109,T121	C0006400
27610042	1149	1158	lidocaine	T109,T121	C0023660
27610042	1164	1177	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27610042	1178	1186	acidosis	T046	C0001122
27610042	1201	1209	oxytocin	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27610042	1214	1222	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
27610042	1223	1232	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27610042	1233	1237	NIOK	T043	C0162585
27610042	1241	1249	pregnant	T023	C1514389
27610042	1250	1260	myometrium	T023	C0027088
27610042	1267	1275	compared	T052	C1707455
27610042	1279	1291	non-pregnant	T033	C0232973
27610042	1292	1302	myometrium	T023	C0027088
27610042	1304	1312	pregnant	T023	C1514389
27610042	1313	1323	myometrium	T023	C0027088
27610042	1331	1339	stronger	T080	C0442821
27610042	1340	1350	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27610042	1354	1358	NIOK	T043	C0162585
27610042	1362	1371	quinidine	T109,T121	C0034414
27610042	1376	1385	increased	T081	C0205217
27610042	1386	1416	immunohistochemical expression	T059	C1441616
27610042	1420	1426	TASK-2	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	1437	1443	TASK-2	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	1444	1454	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27610042	1455	1462	induced	T046	C0007994
27610042	1463	1469	strong	T080	C0442821
27610042	1470	1492	myometrial contraction	T042	C0042130
27610042	1505	1513	presence	T033	C0150312
27610042	1517	1529	L-methionine	T116,T121,T123	C0025646
27610042	1539	1548	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27610042	1552	1578	stretch-activated channels	T116,T123	C0032824
27610042	1586	1598	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27610042	1599	1609	myometrium	T023	C0027088
27610042	1613	1618	mouse	T015	C0025929
27610042	1620	1630	Activation	T045	C0599177
27610042	1634	1649	TASK-2 channels	T116,T123	C1447746
27610042	1667	1676	essential	T080	C0205224
27610042	1677	1681	role	T077	C1705810
27610042	1686	1701	relaxing uterus	T033	C0241597
27610042	1709	1718	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27610042	1746	1758	alternatives	T077	C1523987
27610042	1763	1773	preventing	T169	C1292733
27610042	1774	1790	preterm delivery	T033	C0151526

27610122|t|Consecutive Endovascular Treatment of 20 Ruptured Very Small (<3 mm) Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms
27610122|a|Small aneurysms located at the anterior communicating artery carry significant procedural challenges due to a complex anatomy. Recent advances in endovascular technologies have expanded the use of coil embolization for small aneurysm treatment. However, limited reports describe their safety and efficacy profiles in very small anterior communicating artery aneurysms. We sought to review and report the immediate and long-term clinical as well as radiographic outcomes of consecutive patients with ruptured very small anterior communicating artery aneurysms treated with current endovascular coil embolization techniques. A prospectively maintained single-institution neuroendovascular database was accessed to identify consecutive cases of very small (<3 mm) ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysms treated endovascularly between 2006 and 2013. A total of 20 patients with ruptured very small (<3 mm) anterior communicating artery aneurysms were consecutively treated with coil embolization. The average maximum diameter was 2.66 ± 0.41 mm. Complete aneurysm occlusion was achieved for 17 (85%) aneurysms and near-complete aneurysm occlusion for 3 (15%) aneurysms. Intraoperative perforation was seen in 2 (10%) patients without any clinical worsening or need for an external ventricular drain. A thromboembolic event occurred in 1 (5 %) patient without clinical worsening or radiologic infarct. Median clinical follow-up was 12 (±14.1) months and median imaging follow-up was 12 (±18.4) months. This report describes the largest series of consecutive endovascular treatments of ruptured very small anterior communicating artery aneurysms. These findings suggest that coil embolization of very small aneurysms in this location can be performed with acceptable rates of complications and recanalization.
27610122	0	11	Consecutive	T080	C1707491
27610122	12	34	Endovascular Treatment	T061	C2936204
27610122	41	49	Ruptured	T169	C0443294
27610122	55	60	Small	T081	C0700321
27610122	69	108	Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms	T047	C0740386
27610122	109	114	Small	T081	C0700321
27610122	115	124	aneurysms	T047	C0740386
27610122	140	169	anterior communicating artery	T023	C0149562
27610122	227	234	anatomy	T017	C0700276
27610122	255	280	endovascular technologies	T061	C2936204
27610122	306	323	coil embolization	T061	C0189713
27610122	328	333	small	T081	C0700321
27610122	334	342	aneurysm	T047	C0740386
27610122	343	352	treatment	T169	C1522326
27610122	394	400	safety	T068	C0036043
27610122	405	413	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27610122	431	436	small	T081	C0700321
27610122	437	476	anterior communicating artery aneurysms	T047	C0740386
27610122	527	545	long-term clinical	T080	C0085415
27610122	557	578	radiographic outcomes	T080	C0085415
27610122	582	593	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27610122	594	602	patients	T101	C0030705
27610122	608	616	ruptured	T169	C0443294
27610122	622	627	small	T081	C0700321
27610122	628	667	anterior communicating artery aneurysms	T047	C0740386
27610122	689	730	endovascular coil embolization techniques	T061	C0189713
27610122	778	804	neuroendovascular database	T170	C0242356
27610122	856	861	small	T081	C0700321
27610122	870	878	ruptured	T169	C0443294
27610122	879	918	anterior communicating artery aneurysms	T047	C0740386
27610122	979	987	patients	T101	C0030705
27610122	993	1001	ruptured	T169	C0443294
27610122	1007	1012	small	T081	C0700321
27610122	1021	1060	anterior communicating artery aneurysms	T047	C0740386
27610122	1066	1079	consecutively	T080	C1707491
27610122	1093	1110	coil embolization	T061	C0189713
27610122	1132	1140	diameter	T081	C1301886
27610122	1170	1188	aneurysm occlusion	T061	C0189724
27610122	1215	1224	aneurysms	T047	C0740386
27610122	1243	1261	aneurysm occlusion	T061	C0189724
27610122	1274	1283	aneurysms	T047	C0740386
27610122	1285	1299	Intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27610122	1300	1311	perforation	T033	C0549099
27610122	1332	1340	patients	T101	C0030705
27610122	1353	1371	clinical worsening	T078	C1546960
27610122	1387	1413	external ventricular drain	T061	C0844106
27610122	1417	1437	thromboembolic event	T046	C0040038
27610122	1458	1465	patient	T101	C0030705
27610122	1474	1492	clinical worsening	T078	C1546960
27610122	1496	1514	radiologic infarct	T046	C0021308
27610122	1532	1541	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27610122	1557	1563	months	T079	C0439231
27610122	1583	1592	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27610122	1608	1614	months	T079	C0439231
27610122	1660	1671	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27610122	1672	1695	endovascular treatments	T061	C2936204
27610122	1699	1707	ruptured	T169	C0443294
27610122	1713	1718	small	T081	C0700321
27610122	1719	1758	anterior communicating artery aneurysms	T047	C0740386
27610122	1788	1805	coil embolization	T061	C0189713
27610122	1814	1819	small	T081	C0700321
27610122	1820	1829	aneurysms	T047	C0740386
27610122	1838	1846	location	T082	C0450429
27610122	1889	1902	complications	T046	C0009566
27610122	1907	1921	recanalization	T061	C0034771

27610145|t|Development of a Curcumin Bioadhesive Monolithic Tablet for Treatment of Vaginal Candidiasis
27610145|a|The present investigation was designed to formulate a natural tablet for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis in order to eliminate side effects that are caused by existing antifungal drugs. Curcumin has promising antifungal activity in comparison with the existing azole antifungal drugs. Bioadhesive curcumin vaginal tablets were prepared by direct compression with different ratios of biadhesive polymers like xanthan gum, guar gum and HPMC. Curcumin tablets were characterized by studies of friability, hardness, hydration, DSC, mucoadhesion, In-vitro release and antifungal activity. DSC and FT-IR data indicate there was no interaction between the drug and the excipients and also polymer concentration has some effects on melting point of curcumin. Formulation F3 showed the best results in terms of swelling and mucoadhesion together with prolonged drug release. The antifungal activity of the Curcumin tablet has demonstrated a significant effect against Candida albicans. Hence, the study indicates the possible and effective use of curcumin bioadhesive monolithic vaginal tablet for vaginal candidiasis as a promising natural antifungal treatment.
27610145	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
27610145	17	25	Curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27610145	26	55	Bioadhesive Monolithic Tablet	T122	C0042264
27610145	60	69	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27610145	73	92	Vaginal Candidiasis	T047	C0006852
27610145	105	118	investigation	T058	C0220825
27610145	135	144	formulate	T121	C1254351
27610145	147	161	natural tablet	T122	C0042264
27610145	170	179	treatment	T061	C0087111
27610145	183	202	vaginal candidiasis	T047	C0006852
27610145	215	224	eliminate	T080	C0849355
27610145	225	237	side effects	T046	C0879626
27610145	266	282	antifungal drugs	T121	C0003308
27610145	284	292	Curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27610145	307	317	antifungal	T121	C0003308
27610145	318	326	activity	T169	C0205177
27610145	330	340	comparison	T052	C1707455
27610145	359	381	azole antifungal drugs	T109,T121	C0360363
27610145	383	403	Bioadhesive curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27610145	404	419	vaginal tablets	T122	C0042264
27610145	444	455	compression	T070	C0728907
27610145	471	477	ratios	T081	C0456603
27610145	481	500	biadhesive polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27610145	506	517	xanthan gum	T109,T121	C0078596
27610145	519	527	guar gum	T109,T121	C0061996
27610145	532	536	HPMC	T109,T121	C0063242
27610145	538	546	Curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27610145	547	554	tablets	T122	C0042264
27610145	577	584	studies	T062	C2603343
27610145	588	598	friability	T080	C0332535
27610145	600	608	hardness	T080	C0018599
27610145	610	619	hydration	T033	C1321013
27610145	621	624	DSC	T059	C0006780
27610145	626	638	mucoadhesion	T070	C0175633
27610145	640	648	In-vitro	T080	C1533691
27610145	649	656	release	T169	C1283071
27610145	661	671	antifungal	T121	C0003308
27610145	672	680	activity	T169	C0205177
27610145	682	685	DSC	T059	C0006780
27610145	690	695	FT-IR	T059	C0920528
27610145	696	700	data	T078	C1511726
27610145	747	751	drug	T121	C1254351
27610145	760	770	excipients	T122	C0015237
27610145	780	787	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27610145	788	801	concentration	T081	C1446561
27610145	822	835	melting point	T070	C1881775
27610145	839	847	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27610145	849	863	Formulation F3	T121	C1254351
27610145	880	887	results	T169	C1274040
27610145	900	908	swelling	T033	C0038999
27610145	913	925	mucoadhesion	T070	C0175633
27610145	940	949	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27610145	950	962	drug release	T070	C3850077
27610145	968	978	antifungal	T121	C0003308
27610145	979	987	activity	T169	C0205177
27610145	995	1003	Curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27610145	1004	1010	tablet	T122	C0042264
27610145	1042	1048	effect	T080	C1280500
27610145	1057	1073	Candida albicans	T004	C0006837
27610145	1086	1091	study	T062	C2603343
27610145	1106	1114	possible	T033	C0332149
27610145	1119	1128	effective	T080	C1704419
27610145	1136	1144	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27610145	1145	1182	bioadhesive monolithic vaginal tablet	T122	C0042264
27610145	1187	1206	vaginal candidiasis	T047	C0006852
27610145	1230	1250	antifungal treatment	T061	C2363963

27610191|t|Fully Automated Lipid Pool Detection Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
27610191|a|Background. Detecting and identifying vulnerable plaque, which is prone to rupture, is still a challenge for cardiologist. Such lipid core -containing plaque is still not identifiable by everyday angiography, thus triggering the need to develop a new tool where NIRS - IVUS can visualize plaque characterization in terms of its chemical and morphologic characteristic. The new tool can lead to the development of new methods of interpreting the newly obtained data. In this study, the algorithm to fully automated lipid pool detection on NIRS images is proposed. Method. Designed algorithm is divided into four stages: preprocessing (image enhancement), segmentation of artifacts, detection of lipid areas, and calculation of Lipid Core Burden Index. Results. A total of 31 NIRS chemograms were analyzed by two methods. The metrics, total LCBI, maximal LCBI in 4 mm blocks, and maximal LCBI in 2 mm blocks, were calculated to compare presented algorithm with commercial available system. Both intraclass correlation (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement and correlation between used methods. Conclusions. Proposed algorithm is fully automated lipid pool detection on near infrared spectroscopy images. It is a tool developed for offline data analysis, which could be easily augmented for newer functions and projects.
27610191	6	15	Automated	T169	C0205554
27610191	16	21	Lipid	T109	C0023779
27610191	22	26	Pool	T169	C2349200
27610191	27	36	Detection	T061	C1511790
27610191	43	69	Near Infrared Spectroscopy	T059	C0376519
27610191	82	91	Detecting	T033	C0442726
27610191	96	107	identifying	T080	C0205396
27610191	108	118	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
27610191	119	125	plaque	T033	C0332461
27610191	145	152	rupture	T037	C3203359
27610191	165	174	challenge	T058	C0805586
27610191	179	191	cardiologist	T097	C0175906
27610191	198	203	lipid	T109	C0023779
27610191	204	208	core	T082	C0444669
27610191	221	227	plaque	T033	C0332461
27610191	237	253	not identifiable	T080	C1709276
27610191	257	265	everyday	T079	C0332173
27610191	266	277	angiography	T060	C0002978
27610191	284	294	triggering	T080	C1444748
27610191	299	303	need	T080	C0027552
27610191	307	314	develop	T169	C1527148
27610191	332	336	NIRS	T059	C0376519
27610191	339	343	IVUS	T060	C1456025
27610191	358	364	plaque	T033	C0332461
27610191	365	381	characterization	T052	C1880022
27610191	398	406	chemical	T185	C0243175
27610191	411	422	morphologic	T082	C0543482
27610191	423	437	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27610191	468	479	development	T169	C1527148
27610191	487	494	methods	T170	C0025663
27610191	498	510	interpreting	T169	C1285553
27610191	530	534	data	T078	C1511726
27610191	544	549	study	T062	C2603343
27610191	555	564	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27610191	574	583	automated	T169	C0205554
27610191	584	589	lipid	T109	C0023779
27610191	590	594	pool	T169	C2349200
27610191	595	604	detection	T061	C1511790
27610191	608	612	NIRS	T059	C0376519
27610191	613	619	images	T170	C1704922
27610191	623	631	proposed	T080	C1553874
27610191	633	639	Method	T170	C0025663
27610191	641	649	Designed	T052	C1707689
27610191	650	659	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27610191	681	687	stages	T079	C1306673
27610191	689	702	preprocessing	T052	C1709694
27610191	704	721	image enhancement	T066	C0020909
27610191	724	736	segmentation	T058	C0700381
27610191	740	749	artifacts	T068	C0085089
27610191	751	760	detection	T061	C1511790
27610191	764	769	lipid	T109	C0023779
27610191	770	775	areas	T082	C0205146
27610191	781	792	calculation	T052	C1441506
27610191	796	801	Lipid	T109	C0023779
27610191	802	806	Core	T082	C0444669
27610191	807	813	Burden	T078	C2828008
27610191	814	819	Index	T170	C0918012
27610191	821	828	Results	T169	C1274040
27610191	844	848	NIRS	T059	C0376519
27610191	849	859	chemograms	T059	C0022885
27610191	865	873	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27610191	881	888	methods	T170	C0025663
27610191	909	913	LCBI	T170	C0918012
27610191	915	922	maximal	T080	C0205289
27610191	923	927	LCBI	T170	C0918012
27610191	936	942	blocks	T167	C1533157
27610191	948	955	maximal	T080	C0205289
27610191	956	960	LCBI	T170	C0918012
27610191	969	975	blocks	T167	C1533157
27610191	982	992	calculated	T169	C0444686
27610191	1014	1023	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27610191	1029	1039	commercial	T170	C0680536
27610191	1040	1049	available	T169	C0470187
27610191	1050	1056	system	T169	C0449913
27610191	1063	1085	intraclass correlation	T080	C1707520
27610191	1087	1090	ICC	T080	C1707520
27610191	1096	1114	Bland-Altman plots	T081	C0392762
27610191	1141	1152	correlation	T080	C1707520
27610191	1166	1173	methods	T170	C0025663
27610191	1175	1186	Conclusions	T078	C1707478
27610191	1188	1196	Proposed	T080	C1553874
27610191	1197	1206	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27610191	1216	1225	automated	T169	C0205554
27610191	1226	1231	lipid	T109	C0023779
27610191	1232	1236	pool	T169	C2349200
27610191	1237	1246	detection	T061	C1511790
27610191	1250	1276	near infrared spectroscopy	T059	C0376519
27610191	1277	1283	images	T170	C1704922
27610191	1298	1307	developed	T169	C1527148
27610191	1320	1333	data analysis	T057	C0010992
27610191	1357	1366	augmented	T081	C0205217
27610191	1377	1386	functions	T169	C0542341
27610191	1391	1399	projects	T077	C1709701

27610217|t|Cost utility analysis of the SQ(®) HDM SLIT-tablet in house dust mite allergic asthma patients in a German setting
27610217|a|Asthma affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide with the condition associated with significant healthcare utilisation costs and a large impact on patient quality of life. The SQ(®) HDM SLIT-tablet (ACARIZAX(®), Hørsholm, Denmark) is a sublingually administered allergy immunotherapy tablet for house dust mite allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis and has recently been licensed in Europe. To assess the cost-effectiveness of ACARIZAX plus pharmacotherapy versus placebo plus pharmacotherapy in patients with house dust mite allergic asthma that is uncontrolled by inhaled corticosteroids, in a German setting. Eligible patients should also have symptoms of mild to severe allergic rhinitis. A cost utility analysis was undertaken, based on the results of a European phase III randomised controlled trial, in which ACARIZAX was compared with placebo with both treatment groups also receiving pharmacotherapy in the form of inhaled corticosteroids and short-acting β2-agonists. Cost and quality-adjusted life years from the trial were extrapolated over a nine year time horizon and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio calculated to compare treatment options. ACARIZAX plus pharmacotherapy was estimated to generate 6.16 quality-adjusted life years per patient at a cost of €5658, compared with 5.50 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at a cost of €2985 for placebo plus pharmacotherapy. This equated to an incremental cost of €2673, incremental QALYs of 0.66 and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of €4041. The ICER was, therefore, substantially lower than the €40,000 willingness-to-pay threshold per QALY adopted for the analysis. Deterministic sensitivity analyses indicate the results are most sensitive to the utility score of ACARIZAX patients during years 2 and 3 of treatment. This analysis indicates that ACARIZAX plus pharmacotherapy is cost-effective compared with placebo plus pharmacotherapy for house dust mite allergic asthma patients in Germany. If a disease-modifying effect can be proven the results of this analysis may underestimate the true benefits of ACARIZAX.
27610217	0	21	Cost utility analysis	T057	C3853052
27610217	29	50	SQ(®) HDM SLIT-tablet	T121	C0013227
27610217	54	69	house dust mite	T204	C0998367
27610217	70	85	allergic asthma	T047	C0155877
27610217	86	94	patients	T101	C0030705
27610217	100	106	German	T098	C1556085
27610217	100	114	German setting	T078	C1254370
27610217	115	121	Asthma	T047	C0004096
27610217	155	161	people	T098	C0027361
27610217	219	247	healthcare utilisation costs	T081	C0085552
27610217	270	277	patient	T101	C0030705
27610217	278	293	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27610217	299	320	SQ(®) HDM SLIT-tablet	T121	C0013227
27610217	345	352	Denmark	T083	C0011318
27610217	372	384	administered	T169	C1521801
27610217	385	392	allergy	T046	C0020517
27610217	393	406	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083
27610217	407	413	tablet	T121	C0013227
27610217	418	433	house dust mite	T204	C0998367
27610217	434	449	allergic asthma	T047	C0155877
27610217	454	471	allergic rhinitis	T047	C2607914
27610217	494	502	licensed	T089	C0023636
27610217	506	512	Europe	T083	C0015176
27610217	528	546	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27610217	550	563	ACARIZAX plus	T121	C0013227
27610217	564	579	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27610217	587	599	placebo plus	T121	C0013227
27610217	600	615	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27610217	619	627	patients	T101	C0030705
27610217	633	648	house dust mite	T204	C0998367
27610217	649	664	allergic asthma	T047	C0155877
27610217	689	712	inhaled corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
27610217	719	725	German	T098	C1556085
27610217	719	733	German setting	T078	C1254370
27610217	744	752	patients	T101	C0030705
27610217	770	778	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27610217	797	814	allergic rhinitis	T047	C2607914
27610217	818	839	cost utility analysis	T057	C3853052
27610217	882	890	European	T098	C1535514
27610217	891	928	phase III randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27610217	939	947	ACARIZAX	T121	C0013227
27610217	952	960	compared	T052	C1707455
27610217	966	973	placebo	T121	C0013227
27610217	984	993	treatment	T061	C0087111
27610217	994	1000	groups	T098	C1257890
27610217	1016	1031	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27610217	1047	1070	inhaled corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
27610217	1075	1099	short-acting β2-agonists	T121	C2936789
27610217	1101	1105	Cost	T081	C0010186
27610217	1110	1137	quality-adjusted life years	T079	C0080071
27610217	1147	1152	trial	T062	C0008976
27610217	1183	1187	year	T079	C0439234
27610217	1209	1220	incremental	T081	C1705117
27610217	1209	1245	incremental cost-effectiveness ratio	T081	C0456603
27610217	1221	1239	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27610217	1260	1267	compare	T052	C1707455
27610217	1268	1285	treatment options	T061	C0683525
27610217	1287	1300	ACARIZAX plus	T121	C0013227
27610217	1301	1316	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27610217	1348	1375	quality-adjusted life years	T079	C0080071
27610217	1380	1387	patient	T101	C0030705
27610217	1393	1397	cost	T081	C0010186
27610217	1408	1416	compared	T052	C1707455
27610217	1427	1454	quality-adjusted life years	T079	C0080071
27610217	1456	1461	QALYs	T079	C0080071
27610217	1468	1472	cost	T081	C0010186
27610217	1486	1498	placebo plus	T121	C0013227
27610217	1499	1514	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27610217	1535	1546	incremental	T081	C1705117
27610217	1547	1551	cost	T081	C0010186
27610217	1562	1573	incremental	T081	C1705117
27610217	1574	1579	QALYs	T079	C0080071
27610217	1595	1606	incremental	T081	C1705117
27610217	1595	1631	incremental cost-effectiveness ratio	T081	C0456603
27610217	1607	1625	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27610217	1633	1637	ICER	T081	C0456603
27610217	1653	1657	ICER	T081	C0456603
27610217	1744	1748	QALY	T079	C0080071
27610217	1765	1773	analysis	T062	C0936012
27610217	1775	1809	Deterministic sensitivity analyses	T062	C0936012
27610217	1857	1870	utility score	T081	C0449820
27610217	1874	1882	ACARIZAX	T121	C0013227
27610217	1883	1891	patients	T101	C0030705
27610217	1899	1904	years	T079	C0439234
27610217	1916	1925	treatment	T061	C0087111
27610217	1932	1940	analysis	T062	C0936012
27610217	1956	1969	ACARIZAX plus	T121	C0013227
27610217	1970	1985	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27610217	1989	2003	cost-effective	T081	C0010181
27610217	2004	2012	compared	T052	C1707455
27610217	2018	2030	placebo plus	T121	C0013227
27610217	2031	2046	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27610217	2051	2066	house dust mite	T204	C0998367
27610217	2067	2082	allergic asthma	T047	C0155877
27610217	2083	2091	patients	T101	C0030705
27610217	2095	2102	Germany	T083	C0017480
27610217	2109	2133	disease-modifying effect	T080	C0087113
27610217	2168	2176	analysis	T062	C0936012
27610217	2216	2224	ACARIZAX	T121	C0013227

27610437|t|Test result audit and feedback (TRAFk) as a supervision method for rational test ordering in general practice training
27610437|a|The use of medical investigations is increasing, with most testing occurring in primary care. The interpretation of test results is challenging for general practice registrars. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that over-testing is a significant problem and has the potential for patient harm. Test result audit and feedback (TRAFk) is a teaching and supervision method in general practice training, but no previous studies have investigated its utility. The objective of this article is to describe the outcomes of an educational intervention for general practice supervisors on TRAFk. We developed and delivered a workshop to general practice supervisors and administered pre- and post-workshop surveys. Of the 54 supervisors who participated in the study, a substantial proportion (79.6%) used TRAFk after the workshop. Participants highly rated the method across a range of supervision areas, including clinical reasoning, test ordering quality and patient safety. Our findings reinforce the educational utility of this supervision method in general practice training for the teaching and assessment of registrars.
27610437	0	30	Test result audit and feedback	T170	C0282574
27610437	32	37	TRAFk	T170	C0282574
27610437	44	62	supervision method	T170	C0025663
27610437	67	80	rational test	T170	C0392366
27610437	81	89	ordering	UnknownType	C0683313
27610437	93	118	general practice training	T065	C0220931
27610437	130	137	medical	T169	C0205476
27610437	138	152	investigations	T058	C0220825
27610437	178	185	testing	T169	C0039593
27610437	199	211	primary care	T058	C0033137
27610437	217	231	interpretation	T170	C0459471
27610437	235	247	test results	T034	C0456984
27610437	267	294	general practice registrars	T097	C0401974
27610437	319	327	evidence	T078	C3887511
27610437	342	354	over-testing	T169	C0039593
27610437	372	379	problem	T033	C0033213
27610437	406	418	patient harm	T080	C3658342
27610437	420	450	Test result audit and feedback	T170	C0282574
27610437	452	457	TRAFk	T170	C0282574
27610437	464	472	teaching	T065	C0039403
27610437	477	495	supervision method	T170	C0025663
27610437	499	524	general practice training	T065	C0220931
27610437	630	638	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27610437	645	669	educational intervention	T061	C0281163
27610437	674	702	general practice supervisors	T097	C0403172
27610437	706	711	TRAFk	T170	C0282574
27610437	742	750	workshop	T065	C0242262
27610437	754	782	general practice supervisors	T097	C0403172
27610437	800	822	pre- and post-workshop	T065	C0242262
27610437	823	830	surveys	T170	C0038951
27610437	842	853	supervisors	T097	C0403172
27610437	887	909	substantial proportion	T081	C1709707
27610437	923	928	TRAFk	T170	C0282574
27610437	939	947	workshop	T065	C0242262
27610437	949	961	Participants	T098	C0679646
27610437	979	985	method	T170	C0025663
27610437	1004	1021	supervision areas	T082	C0205146
27610437	1033	1041	clinical	T080	C0205210
27610437	1042	1051	reasoning	T041	C0684328
27610437	1053	1057	test	T170	C0392366
27610437	1058	1066	ordering	UnknownType	C0683313
27610437	1067	1074	quality	T080	C0332306
27610437	1079	1093	patient safety	T058	C1113679
27610437	1122	1141	educational utility	T065	C0013652
27610437	1150	1168	supervision method	T170	C0025663
27610437	1172	1197	general practice training	T065	C0220931
27610437	1206	1214	teaching	T065	C0220924
27610437	1219	1229	assessment	T058	C0220825
27610437	1233	1243	registrars	T097	C0401974

27611338|t|Influence of Sinus Floor Configuration on the Grafted Bone Remodeling Following Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation
27611338|a|This study investigated the influence of the sinus floor configuration on the dimensional stability of grafted bone height following the osteotome sinus grafting procedure. Forty single tooth dental implants inserted following the placement of bioglass and/or allograft into the sinus area using an osteotome technique in 37 patients were evaluated in this retrospective study. Periapical radiographs were taken using the long-cone technique before and after implant placement. Specifically, radiographic measurements of grafted bone height at the mesial and distal side of each implant were taken, and the sinus floor configuration was classified into concave, angle, and flat according to the sinus floor profile at the implant site. Further, the intruding angle, which was defined as the angle between the implant axis and the sinus floor, was measured. All of the implants were clinically stable during a mean follow-up period of 39.2 months. The mean initial gain of the sinus grafted bone height was 7.0 ± 1.9 mm, and it later reduced to 4.6 ± 1.9 mm after follow-up (p < 0.001). A greater reduction in grafted bone height was revealed in the flat sinus group compared to the concave group (p < 0.001). The results from the linear regression showed that larger intruding angles were statistically significantly associated with a greater reduction in grafted bone height (r(2) = 0.55, p < 0.001). All bioglass and/or allograft placed in the maxillary sinus following the osteotome technique underwent remodeling and shrinkage, while the outcome of the procedure was more predictable in sinuses with a concave floor and small implant intruding angles.
27611338	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
27611338	13	18	Sinus	T030	C0229984
27611338	19	38	Floor Configuration	T082	C1254362
27611338	46	53	Grafted	T169	C0700106
27611338	54	58	Bone	T023	C0262950
27611338	59	69	Remodeling	T061	C0087111
27611338	80	89	Osteotome	T074	C0182092
27611338	80	111	Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation	T061	C0439775
27611338	117	122	study	T062	C2603343
27611338	123	135	investigated	T169	C1292732
27611338	157	162	sinus	T030	C0229984
27611338	163	182	floor configuration	T082	C1254362
27611338	190	211	dimensional stability	T080	C0205360
27611338	215	222	grafted	T169	C0700106
27611338	223	234	bone height	T032	C1317145
27611338	249	258	osteotome	T074	C0182092
27611338	249	283	osteotome sinus grafting procedure	T061	C1961139
27611338	291	319	single tooth dental implants	T074	C0376511
27611338	343	352	placement	T080	C1524072
27611338	356	364	bioglass	T104,T122	C0053629
27611338	372	381	allograft	T122	C0450127
27611338	391	401	sinus area	T030	C0229984
27611338	411	430	osteotome technique	T061	C0029468
27611338	437	445	patients	T101	C0030705
27611338	469	488	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27611338	490	512	Periapical radiographs	T060	C1306645
27611338	534	553	long-cone technique	T061	C0087111
27611338	571	578	implant	T074	C0021102
27611338	579	588	placement	T080	C1524072
27611338	604	616	radiographic	T060	C0457276
27611338	617	629	measurements	T169	C0242485
27611338	633	640	grafted	T169	C0700106
27611338	641	652	bone height	T032	C1317145
27611338	660	666	mesial	T029	C1708982
27611338	671	677	distal	T082	C0205108
27611338	691	698	implant	T074	C0021102
27611338	719	724	sinus	T030	C0229984
27611338	725	744	floor configuration	T082	C1254362
27611338	765	772	concave	T082	C0521162
27611338	774	779	angle	T082	C0205143
27611338	785	789	flat	T082	C0205324
27611338	807	812	sinus	T030	C0229984
27611338	813	826	floor profile	T169	C2003903
27611338	834	841	implant	T074	C0021102
27611338	842	846	site	T082	C0205145
27611338	861	876	intruding angle	T082	C1254362
27611338	903	908	angle	T082	C0205143
27611338	921	928	implant	T074	C0021102
27611338	929	933	axis	T082	C1522496
27611338	942	947	sinus	T030	C0229984
27611338	948	953	floor	T082	C1254362
27611338	959	967	measured	T080	C0444706
27611338	980	988	implants	T074	C0021102
27611338	1005	1011	stable	T080	C0205360
27611338	1026	1035	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27611338	1051	1057	months	T079	C0439231
27611338	1068	1080	initial gain	T081	C1517378
27611338	1088	1093	sinus	T030	C0229984
27611338	1094	1101	grafted	T169	C0700106
27611338	1102	1113	bone height	T032	C1317145
27611338	1175	1184	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27611338	1221	1228	grafted	T169	C0700106
27611338	1229	1240	bone height	T032	C1317145
27611338	1261	1265	flat	T082	C0205324
27611338	1266	1271	sinus	T030	C0229984
27611338	1272	1277	group	T078	C0441833
27611338	1278	1286	compared	T052	C1707455
27611338	1294	1301	concave	T082	C0521162
27611338	1302	1307	group	T078	C0441833
27611338	1325	1332	results	T169	C1274040
27611338	1342	1359	linear regression	T081	C0023733
27611338	1379	1395	intruding angles	T082	C1254362
27611338	1468	1475	grafted	T169	C0700106
27611338	1476	1487	bone height	T032	C1317145
27611338	1518	1526	bioglass	T104,T122	C0053629
27611338	1534	1543	allograft	T122	C0450127
27611338	1558	1573	maxillary sinus	T030	C0024957
27611338	1588	1607	osteotome technique	T061	C0029468
27611338	1618	1628	remodeling	T061	C0087111
27611338	1633	1642	shrinkage	T061	C0087111
27611338	1654	1661	outcome	T169	C1274040
27611338	1703	1710	sinuses	T030	C0229984
27611338	1718	1731	concave floor	T082	C1254362
27611338	1742	1749	implant	T074	C0021102
27611338	1750	1766	intruding angles	T082	C1254362

27611704|t|High Transferability of Homoeolog-Specific Markers between Bread Wheat and Newly Synthesized Hexaploid Wheat Lines
27611704|a|Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) has a complex allohexaploid genome, which makes it difficult to differentiate between the homoeologous sequences and assign them to the chromosome A, B, or D subgenomes. The chromosome -based draft genome sequence of the ' Chinese Spring ' common wheat cultivar enables the large-scale development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based markers specific for homoeologs. Based on high-confidence ' Chinese Spring ' genes with known functions, we developed 183 putative homoeolog-specific markers for chromosomes 4B and 7B. These markers were used in PCR assays for the 4B and 7B nullisomes and their euploid synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) line that was newly generated from a hybridization between Triticum turgidum (AABB) and the wild diploid species Aegilops tauschii (DD). Up to 64% of the markers for chromosomes 4B or 7B in the SHW background were confirmed to be homoeolog-specific. Thus, these markers were highly transferable between the ' Chinese Spring ' bread wheat and SHW lines. Homoeolog-specific markers designed using genes with known functions may be useful for genetic investigations involving homoeologous chromosome tracking and homoeolog expression and interaction analyses.
27611704	5	20	Transferability	T080	C0205556
27611704	24	50	Homoeolog-Specific Markers	T045	C0017393
27611704	59	64	Bread	T168	C0006138
27611704	65	70	Wheat	T168	C0043137
27611704	81	92	Synthesized	T052	C1883254
27611704	93	114	Hexaploid Wheat Lines	T168	C0043137
27611704	115	120	Bread	T168	C0006138
27611704	121	126	wheat	T168	C0043137
27611704	128	145	Triticum aestivum	T002	C1123020
27611704	183	203	allohexaploid genome	T028	C0017428
27611704	233	246	differentiate	T169	C2945687
27611704	259	281	homoeologous sequences	T085	C0162774
27611704	305	317	chromosome A	T026	C0008633
27611704	319	320	B	T026	C0008633
27611704	325	326	D	T026	C0008633
27611704	327	337	subgenomes	T028	C0017428
27611704	343	353	chromosome	T026	C0008633
27611704	367	373	genome	T028	C0017428
27611704	374	382	sequence	T086	C0004793
27611704	392	406	Chinese Spring	T168	C0043137
27611704	416	430	wheat cultivar	T168	C0043137
27611704	455	466	development	T169	C1527148
27611704	470	495	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27611704	497	500	PCR	T063	C0032520
27611704	508	515	markers	T045	C0017393
27611704	568	582	Chinese Spring	T168	C0043137
27611704	585	590	genes	T028	C0017337
27611704	639	665	homoeolog-specific markers	T045	C0017393
27611704	670	684	chromosomes 4B	T026	C0008633
27611704	689	691	7B	T026	C0008633
27611704	699	706	markers	T045	C0017393
27611704	720	730	PCR assays	T063	C0032520
27611704	739	741	4B	T026	C0008633
27611704	746	748	7B	T026	C0008633
27611704	778	814	synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) line	T168	C0043137
27611704	847	860	hybridization	T070	C0376343
27611704	869	886	Triticum turgidum	T002	C0997189
27611704	907	922	diploid species	T025	C1257909
27611704	923	940	Aegilops tauschii	T002	C1007013
27611704	964	971	markers	T045	C0017393
27611704	976	990	chromosomes 4B	T026	C0008633
27611704	994	996	7B	T026	C0008633
27611704	1004	1007	SHW	T168	C0043137
27611704	1072	1079	markers	T045	C0017393
27611704	1119	1133	Chinese Spring	T168	C0043137
27611704	1136	1141	bread	T168	C0006138
27611704	1142	1147	wheat	T168	C0043137
27611704	1152	1161	SHW lines	T168	C0043137
27611704	1163	1189	Homoeolog-specific markers	T045	C0017393
27611704	1205	1210	genes	T028	C0017337
27611704	1250	1272	genetic investigations	T059	C0796344
27611704	1296	1306	chromosome	T026	C0008633
27611704	1330	1340	expression	T045	C0017262

27611967|t|Identification of Altered Metabolomic Profiles Following a Panchakarma -based Ayurvedic Intervention in Healthy Subjects: The Self-Directed Biological Transformation Initiative (SBTI)
27611967|a|The effects of integrative medicine practices such as meditation and Ayurveda on human physiology are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify altered metabolomic profiles following an Ayurveda -based intervention. In the experimental group, 65 healthy male and female subjects participated in a 6-day Panchakarma -based Ayurvedic intervention which included herbs, vegetarian diet, meditation, yoga, and massage. A set of 12 plasma phosphatidylcholines decreased (adjusted p < 0.01) post-intervention in the experimental (n = 65) compared to control group (n = 54) after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing; within these compounds, the phosphatidylcholine with the greatest decrease in abundance was PC ae C36:4 (delta = -0.34). Application of a 10% FDR revealed an additional 57 metabolites that were differentially abundant between groups. Pathway analysis suggests that the intervention results in changes in metabolites across many pathways such as phospholipid biosynthesis, choline metabolism, and lipoprotein metabolism. The observed plasma metabolomic alterations may reflect a Panchakarma - induced modulation of metabotypes. Panchakarma promoted statistically significant changes in plasma levels of phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and others in just 6 days. Forthcoming studies that integrate metabolomics with genomic, microbiome and physiological parameters may facilitate a broader systems - level understanding and mechanistic insights into these integrative practices that are employed to promote health and well-being.
27611967	0	14	Identification	T033	C0243095
27611967	18	25	Altered	T078	C1515926
27611967	26	46	Metabolomic Profiles	T091	C1328813
27611967	59	70	Panchakarma	T061	C1883583
27611967	78	87	Ayurvedic	T091	C0025122
27611967	88	100	Intervention	T061	C0184661
27611967	104	120	Healthy Subjects	T098	C1708335
27611967	126	176	Self-Directed Biological Transformation Initiative	T093	C1708333
27611967	178	182	SBTI	T093	C1708333
27611967	188	198	effects of	T080	C1704420
27611967	211	229	medicine practices	T091	C3825997
27611967	238	248	meditation	T041	C0150277
27611967	253	261	Ayurveda	T091	C0025122
27611967	265	270	human	T016	C0086418
27611967	271	281	physiology	T039	C0031843
27611967	337	345	identify	T033	C0243095
27611967	346	353	altered	T078	C1515926
27611967	354	374	metabolomic profiles	T091	C1328813
27611967	388	396	Ayurveda	T091	C0025122
27611967	404	416	intervention	T061	C0184661
27611967	425	443	experimental group	T078	C0441833
27611967	448	455	healthy	T080	C3898900
27611967	456	460	male	T032	C0086582
27611967	465	471	female	T032	C0086287
27611967	472	480	subjects	T098	C0080105
27611967	505	516	Panchakarma	T061	C1883583
27611967	524	533	Ayurvedic	T091	C0025122
27611967	534	546	intervention	T061	C0184661
27611967	562	567	herbs	T002	C0025125
27611967	569	584	vegetarian diet	T033	C0311164
27611967	586	596	meditation	T041	C0150277
27611967	598	602	yoga	T056	C2979879
27611967	608	615	massage	T061	C0024875
27611967	629	635	plasma	T031	C0032105
27611967	636	656	phosphatidylcholines	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27611967	657	666	decreased	T081	C0205216
27611967	687	704	post-intervention	T170	C2347647
27611967	712	724	experimental	T078	C0441833
27611967	746	759	control group	T096	C0009932
27611967	775	796	Bonferroni correction	T081	C2347434
27611967	801	817	multiple testing	T169	C0039593
27611967	832	841	compounds	T103	C1706082
27611967	847	866	phosphatidylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27611967	897	906	abundance	T080	C2346714
27611967	911	916	PC ae	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27611967	961	964	FDR	T081	C1880720
27611967	991	1002	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27611967	1028	1036	abundant	T080	C2346714
27611967	1045	1051	groups	T078	C0441833
27611967	1053	1069	Pathway analysis	T170	C0868995
27611967	1088	1100	intervention	T061	C0184661
27611967	1101	1108	results	T169	C1274040
27611967	1112	1119	changes	T169	C0392747
27611967	1123	1134	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27611967	1147	1155	pathways	T077	C1705987
27611967	1164	1189	phospholipid biosynthesis	T044	C1157377
27611967	1191	1209	choline metabolism	T044	C1156927
27611967	1215	1237	lipoprotein metabolism	T044	C1158917
27611967	1252	1258	plasma	T031	C0032105
27611967	1259	1270	metabolomic	T123	C0870883
27611967	1271	1282	alterations	T078	C1515926
27611967	1297	1308	Panchakarma	T061	C1883583
27611967	1311	1318	induced	T169	C0205263
27611967	1319	1329	modulation	T169	C0205245
27611967	1333	1344	metabotypes	T123	C0870883
27611967	1346	1357	Panchakarma	T061	C1883583
27611967	1393	1400	changes	T169	C0392747
27611967	1404	1410	plasma	T031	C0032105
27611967	1411	1417	levels	T080	C0441889
27611967	1421	1441	phosphatidylcholines	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27611967	1443	1457	sphingomyelins	T109,T123	C0037906
27611967	1479	1483	days	T079	C0439228
27611967	1510	1519	integrate	T169	C0205245
27611967	1520	1532	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
27611967	1538	1545	genomic	T091	C0887950
27611967	1547	1557	microbiome	T001	C1956108
27611967	1562	1575	physiological	T169	C0205463
27611967	1576	1586	parameters	T033	C0449381
27611967	1612	1619	systems	T169	C0449913
27611967	1622	1627	level	T080	C0441889
27611967	1678	1689	integrative	T169	C0205245
27611967	1690	1699	practices	T169	C0205245
27611967	1729	1735	health	T078	C0018684
27611967	1740	1750	well-being	T078	C0018684

27612043|t|Correlation between the DNA methylation and gene expression of IGFBP5 in breast cancer
27612043|a|The insulin-like growth factor binding protein5 (IGFBP5) is often dysregulated in human cancers and considered neither a tumor suppressor nor an oncogene. We aim to examine the reason of the changeable gene regulation of IGFBP5 in the case of methylation in breast cancer. We used methyl-specific polymerase (MSP) chain reaction to detect CpG methylation of IGFBP5 promoter and exon-I in breast cancer and adjacent tissues. Gene expression is evaluated by quantative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). IGFBP5 methylation was detected in 24 of 58 (41%) and 54 of 56 (96.5%) promoter and exon-I site respectively in tumor tissues. In adjacent tissues 17 of 58 (29%) and 53 of 56 (96.5%) was methylated. IGFBP5 expression was higher estrogene receptor (ER)(+) than ER(-) patients (p = 0.0549). Beside, we found a positive correlation between the expression of IGFBP5 and G2 tumor grade (p = 0.0131). However, no correlation was observed between IGFBP5 expression and age, menopause or the presence of lymph node metastasis (p > 0.05). In summary, our results showed that IGFBP5 promoter and exon-I methylation did not have any differences between tumor and adjacent tissues so that IGFBP5 methylation did not change IGFBP5 gene regulation in breast cancer. This is the first study investigating the IGFBP5 gene methylation in breast cancer.
27612043	0	11	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27612043	24	39	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27612043	44	59	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27612043	63	69	IGFBP5	T028	C1334096
27612043	73	86	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27612043	91	134	insulin-like growth factor binding protein5	T116,T123	C4082568
27612043	136	142	IGFBP5	T116,T123	C4082568
27612043	169	174	human	T016	C0086418
27612043	175	182	cancers	T191	C0006826
27612043	208	224	tumor suppressor	T116,T123	C0597611
27612043	232	240	oncogene	T028	C0029016
27612043	278	304	changeable gene regulation	T045	C0017263
27612043	308	314	IGFBP5	T028	C1334096
27612043	330	341	methylation	T044	C0376452
27612043	345	358	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27612043	368	415	methyl-specific polymerase (MSP) chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27612043	419	425	detect	T033	C0442726
27612043	426	429	CpG	T114,T123	C0056912
27612043	430	441	methylation	T044	C0376452
27612043	445	451	IGFBP5	T028	C1334096
27612043	452	460	promoter	T114,T123	C2350877
27612043	465	471	exon-I	T114,T123	C0015295
27612043	475	488	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27612043	493	509	adjacent tissues	T024	C0040300
27612043	511	526	Gene expression	T045	C0017262
27612043	543	579	quantative polymerase chain reaction	T063	C4297012
27612043	581	585	qPCR	T063	C4297012
27612043	588	594	IGFBP5	T028	C1334096
27612043	595	606	methylation	T044	C0376452
27612043	611	619	detected	T033	C0442726
27612043	659	667	promoter	T114,T123	C2350877
27612043	672	678	exon-I	T114,T123	C0015295
27612043	679	683	site	T082	C0205145
27612043	700	705	tumor	T191	C0027651
27612043	706	713	tissues	T024	C0040300
27612043	718	734	adjacent tissues	T024	C0040300
27612043	775	785	methylated	T044	C0376452
27612043	787	793	IGFBP5	T028	C1334096
27612043	794	804	expression	T045	C0017262
27612043	816	842	estrogene receptor (ER)(+)	T034	C0279754
27612043	848	853	ER(-)	T034	C0279756
27612043	854	862	patients	T101	C0030705
27612043	896	916	positive correlation	T080	C1707520
27612043	929	939	expression	T045	C0017262
27612043	943	949	IGFBP5	T028	C1334096
27612043	954	968	G2 tumor grade	T185	C0475270
27612043	995	1006	correlation	T080	C1707520
27612043	1028	1034	IGFBP5	T028	C1334096
27612043	1035	1045	expression	T045	C0017262
27612043	1050	1053	age	T032	C0001779
27612043	1055	1064	menopause	T039	C0025320
27612043	1072	1105	presence of lymph node metastasis	T033	C0332397
27612043	1154	1160	IGFBP5	T028	C1334096
27612043	1161	1169	promoter	T114,T123	C2350877
27612043	1174	1180	exon-I	T114,T123	C0015295
27612043	1181	1192	methylation	T044	C0376452
27612043	1230	1235	tumor	T191	C0027651
27612043	1240	1256	adjacent tissues	T024	C0040300
27612043	1265	1271	IGFBP5	T028	C1334096
27612043	1272	1283	methylation	T044	C0376452
27612043	1299	1310	IGFBP5 gene	T028	C1334096
27612043	1311	1321	regulation	T045	C0017263
27612043	1325	1338	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27612043	1358	1363	study	T062	C2603343
27612043	1364	1377	investigating	T169	C1292732
27612043	1382	1393	IGFBP5 gene	T028	C1334096
27612043	1394	1405	methylation	T044	C0376452
27612043	1409	1422	breast cancer	T191	C0006142

27612561|t|Participation in and adherence to physical exercise after completion of primary cancer treatment
27612561|a|The purpose of this study was to identify demographic, clinical, psychosocial, physical and environmental factors that are associated with participation in and adherence to a combined resistance and endurance exercise program among cancer survivors, shortly after completion of primary cancer treatment. Data from the randomized controlled Resistance and Endurance exercise After ChemoTherapy (REACT) study were used for this study. The participants of the REACT study were randomly allocated to either a high intensity (HI) or low -to- moderate intensity (LMI) exercise program. Patients ' participation rate was defined as the cancer survivors ' decision to participate in the REACT study. Exercise adherence reflected participants ' attendance to the scheduled exercise sessions and their compliance to the prescribed exercises. High session attendance rates were defined as attending at least 80 % of the sessions. High compliance rates were defined as performing at least of 90 % of the prescribed exercise across all sessions. Correlates of exercise adherence were studied separately for HI and LMI exercise. Demographic, clinical, and physical factors were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Relevant clinical information was extracted from medical records. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to identify correlates that were significantly associated with participation, high session attendance, high compliance with resistance and high compliance with endurance exercises. Participants were more likely to have higher education, be non-smokers, have lower psychological distress, higher outcome expectations, and perceive more exercise barriers than non-participants. In HI exercise, higher self-efficacy was significantly associated with high session attendance and high compliance with endurance exercises, and lower psychological distress was significantly associated with high compliance with resistance exercise s. In LMI exercise, being a non-smoker was significantly associated with high compliance with resistance exercises and higher BMI was significantly associated with high compliance with resistance and endurance exercises. Furthermore, breast cancer survivors were less likely to report high compliance with resistance and endurance exercises in LMI exercise compared to survivors of other types of cancer. The discriminative ability of the multivariable models ranged from 0.62 to 0.75. Several demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors were associated with participation in and adherence to exercise among cancer survivors. Psychosocial factors were more strongly associated with adherence in HI than LMI exercise. This study was registered at the Netherlands Trial Register [NTR2153] on the 5(th) of January 2010.
27612561	0	13	Participation	T169	C0679823
27612561	21	30	adherence	T169	C1510802
27612561	34	51	physical exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	58	68	completion	T080	C0205197
27612561	72	86	primary cancer	T191	C1306459
27612561	87	96	treatment	T061	C0087111
27612561	101	108	purpose	T169	C1285529
27612561	117	122	study	T062	C2603343
27612561	130	138	identify	T041	C0020792
27612561	139	150	demographic	T078	C0011292
27612561	152	160	clinical	T080	C0205210
27612561	162	174	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27612561	176	184	physical	T169	C0205485
27612561	189	202	environmental	T082	C0014406
27612561	203	210	factors	T169	C1521761
27612561	220	235	associated with	T080	C0332281
27612561	236	249	participation	T169	C0679823
27612561	257	266	adherence	T169	C1510802
27612561	272	280	combined	T080	C0205195
27612561	281	291	resistance	T169	C4281815
27612561	296	314	endurance exercise	T061	C0419120
27612561	315	322	program	T169	C3484370
27612561	329	345	cancer survivors	T101	C1516231
27612561	361	371	completion	T080	C0205197
27612561	375	389	primary cancer	T191	C1306459
27612561	390	399	treatment	T061	C0087111
27612561	401	405	Data	T078	C1511726
27612561	415	425	randomized	T033	C3815594
27612561	426	436	controlled	T169	C2587213
27612561	437	489	Resistance and Endurance exercise After ChemoTherapy	T170	C0282574
27612561	491	496	REACT	T170	C0282574
27612561	498	503	study	T062	C2603343
27612561	523	528	study	T062	C2603343
27612561	534	546	participants	T098	C0679646
27612561	554	559	REACT	T170	C0282574
27612561	560	565	study	T062	C2603343
27612561	571	579	randomly	T080	C0439605
27612561	580	589	allocated	T052	C1706778
27612561	602	616	high intensity	T185	C4081854
27612561	618	620	HI	T185	C4081854
27612561	625	628	low	T080	C0205251
27612561	634	652	moderate intensity	T185	C4081855
27612561	654	657	LMI	T080	C0522510
27612561	659	667	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	668	675	program	T169	C3484370
27612561	677	685	Patients	T101	C0030705
27612561	688	701	participation	T169	C0679823
27612561	702	706	rate	T081	C1521828
27612561	726	742	cancer survivors	T101	C1516231
27612561	757	768	participate	T169	C0679823
27612561	776	781	REACT	T170	C0282574
27612561	782	787	study	T062	C2603343
27612561	789	797	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	798	807	adherence	T169	C1510802
27612561	808	817	reflected	T041	C0558058
27612561	818	830	participants	T098	C0679646
27612561	833	843	attendance	T052	C2827364
27612561	851	860	scheduled	T080	C0205539
27612561	861	869	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	870	878	sessions	T051	C1883016
27612561	889	899	compliance	T055	C1321605
27612561	907	917	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27612561	918	927	exercises	T056	C0015259
27612561	929	933	High	T080	C0205250
27612561	934	941	session	T051	C1883016
27612561	942	952	attendance	T052	C2827364
27612561	953	958	rates	T081	C1521828
27612561	975	984	attending	T169	C1999232
27612561	1006	1014	sessions	T051	C1883016
27612561	1016	1020	High	T080	C0205250
27612561	1021	1031	compliance	T055	C1321605
27612561	1032	1037	rates	T081	C1521828
27612561	1054	1064	performing	T169	C0884358
27612561	1089	1099	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27612561	1100	1108	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	1120	1128	sessions	T051	C1883016
27612561	1130	1140	Correlates	T080	C1707520
27612561	1144	1152	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	1153	1162	adherence	T169	C1510802
27612561	1168	1175	studied	T062	C2603343
27612561	1176	1186	separately	T080	C0443299
27612561	1191	1193	HI	T185	C4081854
27612561	1198	1201	LMI	T080	C0522510
27612561	1202	1210	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	1212	1223	Demographic	T078	C0011292
27612561	1225	1233	clinical	T080	C0205210
27612561	1239	1247	physical	T169	C0205485
27612561	1248	1255	factors	T169	C1521761
27612561	1261	1269	assessed	T052	C1516048
27612561	1276	1289	self-reported	T062	C0681906
27612561	1290	1304	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27612561	1306	1314	Relevant	T080	C2347946
27612561	1315	1335	clinical information	T170	C2708733
27612561	1340	1349	extracted	T169	C1301820
27612561	1355	1370	medical records	T170	C0025102
27612561	1372	1414	Multivariable logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
27612561	1420	1427	applied	T169	C4048755
27612561	1431	1439	identify	T041	C0020792
27612561	1440	1450	correlates	T080	C1707520
27612561	1461	1474	significantly	T078	C0750502
27612561	1475	1490	associated with	T080	C0332281
27612561	1491	1504	participation	T169	C0679823
27612561	1506	1510	high	T080	C0205250
27612561	1511	1518	session	T051	C1883016
27612561	1519	1529	attendance	T052	C2827364
27612561	1531	1535	high	T080	C0205250
27612561	1536	1546	compliance	T055	C1321605
27612561	1552	1562	resistance	T169	C4281815
27612561	1567	1571	high	T080	C0205250
27612561	1572	1582	compliance	T055	C1321605
27612561	1588	1607	endurance exercises	T061	C0419120
27612561	1609	1621	Participants	T098	C0679646
27612561	1627	1638	more likely	T033	C3840799
27612561	1647	1663	higher education	T170	C0424933
27612561	1668	1679	non-smokers	T033	C0337672
27612561	1686	1691	lower	T080	C0205251
27612561	1692	1714	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27612561	1716	1722	higher	T080	C0205250
27612561	1723	1730	outcome	T080	C0085415
27612561	1731	1743	expectations	T078	C0679138
27612561	1749	1757	perceive	T041	C0030971
27612561	1758	1762	more	T081	C0205172
27612561	1763	1771	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	1772	1780	barriers	T080	C0679881
27612561	1786	1802	non-participants	T098	C1257890
27612561	1807	1809	HI	T185	C4081854
27612561	1810	1818	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	1820	1826	higher	T080	C0205250
27612561	1827	1840	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27612561	1845	1858	significantly	T078	C0750502
27612561	1859	1874	associated with	T080	C0332281
27612561	1875	1879	high	T080	C0205250
27612561	1880	1887	session	T051	C1883016
27612561	1888	1898	attendance	T052	C2827364
27612561	1903	1907	high	T080	C0205250
27612561	1908	1918	compliance	T055	C1321605
27612561	1924	1943	endurance exercises	T061	C0419120
27612561	1949	1954	lower	T080	C0205251
27612561	1955	1977	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27612561	1982	1995	significantly	T078	C0750502
27612561	1996	2011	associated with	T080	C0332281
27612561	2012	2016	high	T080	C0205250
27612561	2017	2027	compliance	T055	C1321605
27612561	2033	2043	resistance	T169	C4281815
27612561	2044	2052	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	2059	2062	LMI	T080	C0522510
27612561	2063	2071	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	2081	2091	non-smoker	T033	C0337672
27612561	2096	2109	significantly	T078	C0750502
27612561	2110	2125	associated with	T080	C0332281
27612561	2126	2130	high	T080	C0205250
27612561	2131	2141	compliance	T055	C1321605
27612561	2147	2157	resistance	T169	C4281815
27612561	2158	2167	exercises	T056	C0015259
27612561	2172	2178	higher	T080	C0205250
27612561	2179	2182	BMI	T201	C1305855
27612561	2187	2200	significantly	T078	C0750502
27612561	2201	2216	associated with	T080	C0332281
27612561	2217	2221	high	T080	C0205250
27612561	2222	2232	compliance	T055	C1321605
27612561	2238	2248	resistance	T169	C4281815
27612561	2253	2272	endurance exercises	T061	C0419120
27612561	2287	2310	breast cancer survivors	T101	C1516231
27612561	2316	2320	less	T081	C0439092
27612561	2321	2327	likely	T078	C0750492
27612561	2331	2337	report	T058	C0700287
27612561	2338	2342	high	T080	C0205250
27612561	2343	2353	compliance	T055	C1321605
27612561	2359	2369	resistance	T169	C4281815
27612561	2374	2393	endurance exercises	T061	C0419120
27612561	2397	2400	LMI	T080	C0522510
27612561	2401	2409	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	2410	2418	compared	T052	C1707455
27612561	2422	2431	survivors	T101	C0206194
27612561	2450	2456	cancer	T191	C0006826
27612561	2462	2476	discriminative	T041	C0012632
27612561	2477	2484	ability	T032	C0085732
27612561	2492	2505	multivariable	T080	C0439828
27612561	2506	2512	models	T170	C3161035
27612561	2513	2519	ranged	T081	C1514721
27612561	2547	2558	demographic	T078	C0011292
27612561	2560	2568	clinical	T080	C0205210
27612561	2573	2585	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27612561	2586	2593	factors	T169	C1521761
27612561	2599	2614	associated with	T080	C0332281
27612561	2615	2628	participation	T169	C0679823
27612561	2636	2645	adherence	T169	C1510802
27612561	2649	2657	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	2664	2680	cancer survivors	T101	C1516231
27612561	2682	2694	Psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27612561	2695	2702	factors	T169	C1521761
27612561	2708	2712	more	T081	C0205172
27612561	2713	2721	strongly	T080	C0442821
27612561	2722	2737	associated with	T080	C0332281
27612561	2738	2747	adherence	T169	C1510802
27612561	2751	2753	HI	T185	C4081854
27612561	2759	2762	LMI	T080	C0522510
27612561	2763	2771	exercise	T056	C0015259
27612561	2778	2783	study	T062	C2603343
27612561	2788	2798	registered	T170	C0684224
27612561	2806	2832	Netherlands Trial Register	T170	C0034975
27612561	2834	2841	NTR2153	T170	C0034975

27612680|t|Early Development Challenges for Drug Products Containing Nanomaterials
27612680|a|The vast majority of drug product candidates in early development fail to progress to clinics. This is true for products containing nanomaterials just as for other types of pharmaceuticals. Early development pathways should therefore place high priority on experiments that help candidates fail faster and less expensively. Nanomedicines fail for many reasons, but some are more avoidable than others. Some of the points of failure are not considerations in the development of small molecules or biopharmaceuticals, and so may be unexpected, even to those with previous experience bringing drug products to the clinic. This article reviews experiments that have proven useful in providing "go/no-go" decision-making data for nanomedicines in early preclinical development. Of course, the specifics depend on the particulars of the drug product and the nanomaterial type, and not every product shares the same development pathway or the same potential points of failure. Here, we focus on challenges that differ from those in the development of traditional small molecule therapeutics, and on experiments that reveal deficiencies that can only be corrected by essentially starting over-altering the nanomedicine to an extent that all previous characterization and proof-of-concept testing must be repeated. Conducting these experiments early in the development process can save significant resources and time and allow developers to focus on derisked candidates with a greater likelihood of ultimate success.
27612680	0	17	Early Development	T033	C1856550
27612680	18	28	Challenges	T058	C0805586
27612680	33	46	Drug Products	T121	C0013227
27612680	58	71	Nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
27612680	93	105	drug product	T121	C0013227
27612680	106	116	candidates	T098	C1257890
27612680	120	137	early development	T033	C1856550
27612680	138	142	fail	T169	C0231175
27612680	146	154	progress	T169	C1280477
27612680	158	165	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27612680	184	192	products	T121	C0013227
27612680	204	217	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
27612680	236	241	types	T080	C0332307
27612680	245	260	pharmaceuticals	T121	C1254351
27612680	262	279	Early development	T033	C1856550
27612680	280	288	pathways	T170	C0282654
27612680	312	325	high priority	T079	C1273516
27612680	329	340	experiments	T062	C0681814
27612680	351	361	candidates	T098	C1257890
27612680	362	366	fail	T169	C0231175
27612680	396	409	Nanomedicines	T090	C1328814
27612680	410	414	fail	T169	C0231175
27612680	496	503	failure	T169	C0231174
27612680	512	526	considerations	T033	C0518609
27612680	534	545	development	T169	C1527148
27612680	549	564	small molecules	T109	C1328819
27612680	568	586	biopharmaceuticals	T123	C0005515
27612680	642	652	experience	T041	C0596545
27612680	662	675	drug products	T121	C0013227
27612680	683	689	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27612680	696	703	article	T170	C1706852
27612680	704	711	reviews	T170	C0282443
27612680	712	723	experiments	T062	C0681814
27612680	772	792	decision-making data	T078	C1511726
27612680	797	810	nanomedicines	T090	C1328814
27612680	814	843	early preclinical development	T062	C1512070
27612680	903	915	drug product	T121	C0013227
27612680	924	936	nanomaterial	T073	C1450053
27612680	937	941	type	T080	C0332307
27612680	957	964	product	T121	C0013227
27612680	981	992	development	T169	C1527148
27612680	993	1000	pathway	T077	C1705987
27612680	1033	1040	failure	T169	C0231174
27612680	1060	1070	challenges	T058	C0805586
27612680	1101	1112	development	T169	C1527148
27612680	1116	1127	traditional	T169	C0443324
27612680	1128	1142	small molecule	T109	C1328819
27612680	1143	1155	therapeutics	T121	C1254351
27612680	1164	1175	experiments	T062	C0681814
27612680	1188	1200	deficiencies	T169	C0011155
27612680	1252	1265	over-altering	T169	C0205245
27612680	1270	1282	nanomedicine	T090	C1328814
27612680	1314	1330	characterization	T052	C1880022
27612680	1335	1359	proof-of-concept testing	T062	C0242481
27612680	1368	1376	repeated	T169	C0205341
27612680	1395	1406	experiments	T062	C0681814
27612680	1407	1412	early	T079	C1279919
27612680	1420	1439	development process	T169	C1527148
27612680	1449	1460	significant	T078	C0750502
27612680	1461	1470	resources	T078	C0035201
27612680	1475	1479	time	T079	C0040223
27612680	1490	1500	developers	T098	C1257890
27612680	1513	1532	derisked candidates	T098	C1257890
27612680	1548	1558	likelihood	T081	C0033204
27612680	1571	1578	success	T054	C0597535

27612827|t|Thixotropic injectable hydrogel using a polyampholyte and nanosilicate prepared directly after cryopreservation
27612827|a|Success of tissue engineering applications in regenerative medicine requires the preservation of tissue-engineered products at a low temperature. This can be successfully achieved by the use of cryoprotective agent (CPA). In this study, we formulated a unique injectable hydrogel for the purpose of cell delivery after cryopreservation by using polyampholyte CPA. The polyampholyte showed excellent post-thaw cell survival, and after thawing, the polymeric CPA did not have to be removed because of its low cytotoxicity. The polyampholyte could be transformed into a hydrogel by mixing with nanosilicates. Previously, nanosilicates were used to improve mechanical properties, but this is the first report of the use of a nanosilicate together with CPA to formulate hydrogels. Inclusion of the nanosilicate led to the formation of thixotropic hydrogels, which can be injected using fine needles. These gels with tunable mechanical properties can be injected into defect sites to form scaffolds for cell growth and tissue repair, and they do not require any separate seeding of cells before injection, thus eliminating the need for cell harvesting and cell maintenance. This is a distinct system in which cells can be cryopreserved until before usage; when required, the cells in the polyampholyte can be revived to their original state and the thixotropic hydrogel can be formed. The combination of thixotropy and cytocompatibility of the gels could enable a wide range of biomedical applications such as cell delivery and orthopedic repair.
27612827	0	11	Thixotropic	T080	C0205556
27612827	12	31	injectable hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27612827	40	53	polyampholyte	T121	C0010406
27612827	58	70	nanosilicate	T073	C1450053
27612827	95	111	cryopreservation	T059	C0010405
27612827	123	141	tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
27612827	158	179	regenerative medicine	T091	C1257974
27612827	193	235	preservation of tissue-engineered products	T061	C0040295
27612827	241	256	low temperature	T070	C0009264
27612827	306	326	cryoprotective agent	T121	C0010406
27612827	328	331	CPA	T121	C0010406
27612827	372	391	injectable hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27612827	411	424	cell delivery	T043	C0007613
27612827	431	447	cryopreservation	T059	C0010405
27612827	457	474	polyampholyte CPA	T121	C0010406
27612827	480	493	polyampholyte	T121	C0010406
27612827	511	534	post-thaw cell survival	T043	C0007620
27612827	546	553	thawing	T059	C2025613
27612827	559	572	polymeric CPA	T121	C0010406
27612827	615	631	low cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27612827	637	650	polyampholyte	T121	C0010406
27612827	679	687	hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27612827	703	716	nanosilicates	T073	C1450053
27612827	730	743	nanosilicates	T073	C1450053
27612827	765	786	mechanical properties	T080	C0205556
27612827	833	845	nanosilicate	T073	C1450053
27612827	860	863	CPA	T121	C0010406
27612827	867	886	formulate hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27612827	905	917	nanosilicate	T073	C1450053
27612827	929	938	formation	T169	C1522492
27612827	942	953	thixotropic	T080	C0205556
27612827	954	963	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
27612827	978	986	injected	T169	C0449894
27612827	998	1005	needles	T074	C0027551
27612827	1013	1017	gels	T122	C0600484
27612827	1031	1052	mechanical properties	T080	C0205556
27612827	1074	1086	defect sites	T082	C1254362
27612827	1095	1104	scaffolds	T122	C0597587
27612827	1109	1120	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27612827	1125	1138	tissue repair	T040	C0043240
27612827	1177	1193	seeding of cells	T043	C0007613
27612827	1201	1210	injection	T061	C1533685
27612827	1242	1257	cell harvesting	T043	C0007613
27612827	1262	1278	cell maintenance	T043	C1516348
27612827	1315	1341	cells can be cryopreserved	T025	C1511548
27612827	1381	1386	cells	T025	C0007634
27612827	1394	1407	polyampholyte	T121	C0010406
27612827	1455	1466	thixotropic	T080	C0205556
27612827	1467	1475	hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27612827	1510	1520	thixotropy	T080	C0205556
27612827	1525	1542	cytocompatibility	T080	C0205556
27612827	1550	1554	gels	T122	C0600484
27612827	1584	1607	biomedical applications	T169	C0205245
27612827	1616	1629	cell delivery	T043	C0007613
27612827	1634	1651	orthopedic repair	T040	C0043240

27612907|t|A Giant Intra Abdominal Mass Mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Rare Presentation of Renal Angiomyolipoma
27612907|a|Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign tumor commonly found in kidney than extra renal sites. Most of the small renal angiomyolipomas are diagnosed incidentally on ultrasound and other imaging studies. Some renal AMLs present clinically when become very big, giant renal angiomyolipoma. Although almost all cases are benign, a relatively rare variant of epitheloid angiomyolipoma has got malignant potential and can even metastasize. Ultrasonography, CT and MRI scan are usually used for diagnosis of angiomyolipoma with high level of accuracy; even though some lesions may be confused as renal cell carcinoma on imaging studies. Here, a 48 year old man presented with a large intra-abdominal mass preoperatively diagnosed as a case of right renal cell carcinoma and radical nephrectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed epitheloid angiomyolipoma (EAML).
27612907	2	7	Giant	T047	C0017547
27612907	8	28	Intra Abdominal Mass	T033	C0000734
27612907	29	38	Mimicking	T080	C0205556
27612907	39	59	Renal Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0007134
27612907	63	67	Rare	T080	C0522498
27612907	68	80	Presentation	T078	C0449450
27612907	84	104	Renal Angiomyolipoma	T191	C0241961
27612907	105	119	Angiomyolipoma	T191	C0206633
27612907	121	124	AML	T191	C0206633
27612907	131	143	benign tumor	T191	C0086692
27612907	144	152	commonly	T081	C0205214
27612907	153	158	found	T033	C0150312
27612907	162	168	kidney	T023	C0022646
27612907	180	191	renal sites	T023	C0022646
27612907	205	210	small	T081	C0700321
27612907	211	232	renal angiomyolipomas	T191	C0241961
27612907	237	246	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27612907	247	259	incidentally	T067	C1551358
27612907	263	273	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27612907	278	283	other	T080	C0205394
27612907	284	299	imaging studies	T060	C1881134
27612907	301	305	Some	T081	C0205392
27612907	306	316	renal AMLs	T191	C0241961
27612907	317	324	present	T033	C0150312
27612907	325	335	clinically	T080	C0205556
27612907	348	356	very big	T081	C0549177
27612907	358	363	giant	T047	C0017547
27612907	364	384	renal angiomyolipoma	T191	C0241961
27612907	416	422	benign	T080	C0205183
27612907	426	441	relatively rare	T080	C0522498
27612907	442	449	variant	T080	C0205419
27612907	453	478	epitheloid angiomyolipoma	T191	C1333426
27612907	487	496	malignant	T080	C0205282
27612907	497	506	potential	T080	C3245505
27612907	520	531	metastasize	T191	C0027627
27612907	533	548	Ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27612907	550	552	CT	T060	C0040405
27612907	557	565	MRI scan	T060	C0024485
27612907	587	596	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27612907	600	614	angiomyolipoma	T191	C0206633
27612907	620	624	high	T080	C0205250
27612907	625	630	level	T080	C0441889
27612907	634	642	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27612907	661	668	lesions	T033	C0221198
27612907	676	684	confused	T048	C0009676
27612907	688	708	renal cell carcinoma	T191	C0007134
27612907	712	727	imaging studies	T060	C1881134
27612907	740	748	year old	T079	C1510829
27612907	749	752	man	T098	C0025266
27612907	753	762	presented	T078	C0449450
27612907	770	775	large	T081	C0549177
27612907	776	796	intra-abdominal mass	T033	C0000734
27612907	797	821	preoperatively diagnosed	T033	C1318968
27612907	827	831	case	T169	C0868928
27612907	835	861	right renal cell carcinoma	T191	C3862513
27612907	866	885	radical nephrectomy	T061	C0401181
27612907	890	899	performed	T169	C0884358
27612907	901	915	Histopathology	T034	C0428093
27612907	916	924	revealed	T080	C0443289
27612907	925	950	epitheloid angiomyolipoma	T191	C1333426
27612907	952	956	EAML	T191	C1333426

27613509|t|Improved individualized prediction of schizophrenia in subjects at familial high risk, based on neuroanatomical data, schizotypal and neurocognitive features
27613509|a|To date, there are no reliable markers for predicting onset of schizophrenia in individuals at high risk (HR). Substantial promise is, however, shown by a variety of pattern classification approaches to neuroimaging data. Here, we examined the predictive accuracy of support vector machine (SVM) in later diagnosing schizophrenia, at a single-subject level, using a cohort of HR individuals drawn from multiply affected families and a combination of neuroanatomical, schizotypal and neurocognitive variables. Baseline structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), schizotypal and neurocognitive data from 17 HR subjects, who subsequently developed schizophrenia and a matched group of 17 HR subjects who did not make the transition, yet had psychotic symptoms, were included in the analysis. We employed recursive feature elimination (RFE), in a nested cross-validation scheme to identify the most significant predictors of disease transition and enhance diagnostic performance. Classification accuracy was 94% when a self-completed measure of schizotypy, a declarative memory test and structural MRI data were combined into a single learning algorithm; higher than when either quantitative measure was used alone. The discriminative neuroanatomical pattern involved gray matter volume differences in frontal, orbito-frontal and occipital lobe regions bilaterally as well as parts of the superior, medial temporal lobe and cerebellar regions. Our findings suggest that an early SVM -based prediction of schizophrenia is possible and can be improved by combining schizotypal and neurocognitive features with neuroanatomical variables. However, our predictive model needs to be tested by classifying a new, independent HR cohort in order to estimate its validity.
27613509	9	23	individualized	T080	C1881197
27613509	24	34	prediction	T078	C0681842
27613509	38	51	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27613509	55	63	subjects	T098	C2349001
27613509	67	75	familial	T169	C0241888
27613509	76	85	high risk	T033	C0332167
27613509	96	116	neuroanatomical data	T078	C1511726
27613509	118	129	schizotypal	T048	C1443045
27613509	134	157	neurocognitive features	T048	C4041080
27613509	189	196	markers	T201	C0005516
27613509	201	211	predicting	T078	C0681842
27613509	212	220	onset of	T080	C0332162
27613509	221	234	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27613509	238	249	individuals	T098	C0237401
27613509	253	262	high risk	T033	C0332167
27613509	264	266	HR	T033	C0332167
27613509	324	331	pattern	T082	C0449774
27613509	332	346	classification	T185	C0008902
27613509	361	378	neuroimaging data	T060	C0679575
27613509	402	412	predictive	T080	C0681890
27613509	413	421	accuracy	T080	C4035952
27613509	425	447	support vector machine	T081	C2699740
27613509	449	452	SVM	T081	C2699740
27613509	463	473	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
27613509	474	487	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27613509	494	508	single-subject	T098	C2349001
27613509	524	530	cohort	T098	C0599755
27613509	534	536	HR	T033	C0332167
27613509	537	548	individuals	T098	C0237401
27613509	569	577	affected	T169	C0392760
27613509	578	586	families	T099	C0015576
27613509	608	623	neuroanatomical	T091	C0027816
27613509	625	636	schizotypal	T048	C1443045
27613509	641	665	neurocognitive variables	T170	C0518895
27613509	667	675	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27613509	687	713	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27613509	715	718	MRI	T060	C0024485
27613509	721	732	schizotypal	T048	C1443045
27613509	737	751	neurocognitive	T170	C0518895
27613509	752	756	data	T078	C1511726
27613509	765	767	HR	T033	C0332167
27613509	768	776	subjects	T098	C2349001
27613509	805	818	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27613509	825	838	matched group	T096	C0024908
27613509	845	847	HR	T033	C0332167
27613509	848	856	subjects	T098	C2349001
27613509	878	888	transition	T068	C0376627
27613509	894	916	had psychotic symptoms	T033	C0459435
27613509	939	947	analysis	T062	C0936012
27613509	961	990	recursive feature elimination	T170	C0002045
27613509	992	995	RFE	T170	C0002045
27613509	1010	1026	cross-validation	T062	C0681935
27613509	1067	1077	predictors	T078	C2698872
27613509	1081	1088	disease	T047	C0012634
27613509	1089	1099	transition	T052	C2700061
27613509	1112	1122	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27613509	1136	1150	Classification	T185	C0008902
27613509	1151	1159	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27613509	1215	1238	declarative memory test	T041	C1285656
27613509	1254	1257	MRI	T060	C0024485
27613509	1258	1262	data	T078	C1511726
27613509	1300	1309	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27613509	1335	1355	quantitative measure	T081	C0392762
27613509	1391	1414	neuroanatomical pattern	T082	C0449774
27613509	1424	1435	gray matter	T024	C0018220
27613509	1436	1442	volume	T081	C0449468
27613509	1443	1454	differences	T081	C1705241
27613509	1458	1465	frontal	T029	C0549224
27613509	1467	1481	orbito-frontal	T029	C0549224
27613509	1486	1508	occipital lobe regions	T023	C0028785
27613509	1509	1520	bilaterally	T082	C0238767
27613509	1545	1553	superior	T023	C0039485
27613509	1555	1575	medial temporal lobe	T023	C0039485
27613509	1580	1598	cerebellar regions	T023	C0007765
27613509	1635	1638	SVM	T081	C2699740
27613509	1646	1656	prediction	T078	C0681842
27613509	1660	1673	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27613509	1719	1730	schizotypal	T048	C1443045
27613509	1735	1758	neurocognitive features	T048	C4041080
27613509	1764	1789	neuroanatomical variables	T080	C0439828
27613509	1804	1814	predictive	T080	C0681890
27613509	1874	1876	HR	T033	C0332167
27613509	1877	1883	cohort	T098	C0599755

27613550|t|Urinary pH Levels are Strongly Associated with Bladder Recurrence After Nephroureterectomy in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Patients with a Smoking History
27613550|a|Aromatic amines, well-known bladder carcinogens, derived from cigarette smoke are activated by acidic urine. We herein determined whether urinary pH levels are associated with bladder recurrence in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients with a positive smoking history. A total of 256 upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients who were surgically treated at our institution between 1990 and 2013 were included. Urinary pH levels were defined as the median of at least two consecutive measurements within 1 month of surgery. Ninety-six patients (37.5 %) had pH <5.5 and 160 (62.5 %) had pH ≥5.5, and urinary pH levels were identified as one of the significant predictors for bladder recurrence in univariate but not multivariate Cox regression analysis in overall. In patients with a positive smoking history among those without a history of bladder tumor (N = 110), the 5-year bladder recurrence - free survival rate was 52.5 % in patients with pH ≥5.5, which was significantly higher than that in those with pH <5.5 (25.9 %, p = 0.032). In the multivariate analysis, urinary pH <5.5 (p = 0.022, HR; 1.86) was independently associated with bladder recurrence. No significant difference for bladder recurrence was observed between these two groups in patients with no smoking history among them. Urinary pH <5.5 is associated with an increased risk of bladder recurrence in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients with a positive smoking history among those without a history of bladder tumor. Modifications to pH for urine alkalization may prevent bladder recurrence.
27613550	0	7	Urinary	T031	C0042036
27613550	8	17	pH Levels	T034	C1304686
27613550	31	46	Associated with	T080	C0332281
27613550	47	54	Bladder	T023	C0005682
27613550	55	65	Recurrence	T046	C2825055
27613550	72	90	Nephroureterectomy	T061	C0027732
27613550	94	126	Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma	T191	C2145472
27613550	127	135	Patients	T101	C0030705
27613550	143	158	Smoking History	T033	C1519384
27613550	159	174	Aromatic amines	T109	C0682958
27613550	187	194	bladder	T023	C0005682
27613550	195	206	carcinogens	T131	C0007090
27613550	221	236	cigarette smoke	T131	C0239059
27613550	241	250	activated	T052	C1879547
27613550	254	266	acidic urine	T031	C0042036
27613550	297	304	urinary	T031	C0042036
27613550	305	314	pH levels	T034	C1304686
27613550	319	334	associated with	T080	C0332281
27613550	335	342	bladder	T023	C0005682
27613550	343	353	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27613550	357	389	upper tract urothelial carcinoma	T191	C2145472
27613550	390	398	patients	T101	C0030705
27613550	406	414	positive	T033	C1514241
27613550	415	430	smoking history	T033	C1519384
27613550	447	479	upper tract urothelial carcinoma	T191	C2145472
27613550	480	488	patients	T101	C0030705
27613550	498	508	surgically	T061	C0543467
27613550	509	516	treated	T169	C1522326
27613550	524	535	institution	T093	C2607850
27613550	573	580	Urinary	T031	C0042036
27613550	581	590	pH levels	T034	C1304686
27613550	611	617	median	T081	C0876920
27613550	634	645	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27613550	646	658	measurements	T169	C0242485
27613550	677	684	surgery	T061	C0543467
27613550	697	705	patients	T101	C0030705
27613550	719	721	pH	T081	C0020283
27613550	748	750	pH	T081	C0020283
27613550	761	768	urinary	T031	C0042036
27613550	769	778	pH levels	T034	C1304686
27613550	784	794	identified	T080	C0205396
27613550	821	831	predictors	T078	C2698872
27613550	836	843	bladder	T023	C0005682
27613550	844	854	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27613550	858	868	univariate	T062	C0683962
27613550	877	889	multivariate	T081	C0026777
27613550	890	913	Cox regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27613550	929	937	patients	T101	C0030705
27613550	945	953	positive	T033	C1514241
27613550	954	969	smoking history	T033	C1519384
27613550	992	999	history	T033	C1519384
27613550	1003	1016	bladder tumor	T191	C0005695
27613550	1039	1046	bladder	T023	C0005682
27613550	1047	1057	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27613550	1060	1073	free survival	T081	C0242793
27613550	1074	1078	rate	T081	C2986537
27613550	1093	1101	patients	T101	C0030705
27613550	1107	1109	pH	T081	C0020283
27613550	1126	1146	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27613550	1171	1173	pH	T081	C0020283
27613550	1207	1228	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27613550	1230	1237	urinary	T031	C0042036
27613550	1238	1240	pH	T081	C0020283
27613550	1258	1260	HR	T081	C2985465
27613550	1286	1301	associated with	T080	C0332281
27613550	1302	1309	bladder	T023	C0005682
27613550	1310	1320	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27613550	1322	1347	No significant difference	T033	C3842396
27613550	1352	1359	bladder	T023	C0005682
27613550	1360	1370	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27613550	1402	1408	groups	T078	C0441833
27613550	1412	1420	patients	T101	C0030705
27613550	1426	1428	no	T033	C1513916
27613550	1429	1444	smoking history	T033	C1519384
27613550	1457	1464	Urinary	T031	C0042036
27613550	1465	1467	pH	T081	C0020283
27613550	1476	1491	associated with	T080	C0332281
27613550	1495	1504	increased	T081	C0205217
27613550	1505	1509	risk	T078	C0035647
27613550	1513	1520	bladder	T023	C0005682
27613550	1521	1531	recurrence	T046	C2825055
27613550	1535	1567	upper tract urothelial carcinoma	T191	C2145472
27613550	1568	1576	patients	T101	C0030705
27613550	1584	1592	positive	T033	C1514241
27613550	1593	1608	smoking history	T033	C1519384
27613550	1631	1638	history	T033	C1519384
27613550	1642	1655	bladder tumor	T191	C0005695
27613550	1674	1676	pH	T081	C0020283
27613550	1681	1686	urine	T031	C0042036
27613550	1687	1699	alkalization	T061	C1550103
27613550	1704	1711	prevent	T080	C2700409
27613550	1712	1719	bladder	T023	C0005682
27613550	1720	1730	recurrence	T046	C2825055

27613669|t|Factors affecting the formation of nitrogenous disinfection by-products during chlorination of aspartic acid in drinking water
27613669|a|The formation of emerging nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) from the chlorination of aspartic acid (Asp) was investigated. The yield of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) was higher than other N-DBPs, such as dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm) and chloropicrin (TCNM) during the chlorination of Asp. The formation of DCAN, DCAcAm, and TCNM all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing during the chlorination of Asp with increasing contact time. The dosage of chlorine had an impact on the formation of DCAN, DCAcAm, and TCNM. The highest yields of DCAN and DCAcAm appeared when the Cl2 / Asp molar ratio was about 20, the yield of TCNM increased with increasing the Cl2 / Asp molar ratio from 5 to 30 and TCNM was not produced when the ratio was less than 5. Cyanogen chloride (CNCl) was detected when the Cl2 / Asp molar ratio was lower than 5. N-DBPs formation was influenced by pH. DCAN formation increased with increasing pH from 5 to 6 and then decreased with increasing pH from 6 to 9, but DCAcAm and TCNM increased with increasing pH from 5 to 8 and then decreased. Higher temperatures reduced the formation of DCAN and DCAcAm, but increased TCNM formation. DCAN and DCAcAm formation decreased, and relatively stable TCNM formation increased, with increasing free chlorine contact time during chloramination. N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was produced during chloramination of Asp and increased with prolonged chloramination contact time. The presence of bromide ions enhanced the yields of haloacetonitriles and shifted N-DBPs to more brominated species.
27613669	0	7	Factors	T169	C1521761
27613669	8	17	affecting	T169	C0392760
27613669	22	31	formation	T169	C1522492
27613669	35	59	nitrogenous disinfection	T061	C0012683
27613669	60	71	by-products	T104	C0684298
27613669	79	91	chlorination	T057	C2728946
27613669	95	108	aspartic acid	T116,T123	C0004015
27613669	112	126	drinking water	T167	C0599638
27613669	131	140	formation	T169	C1522492
27613669	153	177	nitrogenous disinfection	T061	C0012683
27613669	178	189	by-products	T104	C0684298
27613669	191	197	N-DBPs	T104	C0684298
27613669	208	220	chlorination	T057	C2728946
27613669	224	237	aspartic acid	T116,T123	C0004015
27613669	239	242	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
27613669	248	260	investigated	T169	C1292732
27613669	275	295	dichloroacetonitrile	T109	C0057843
27613669	297	301	DCAN	T109	C0057843
27613669	325	331	N-DBPs	T104	C0684298
27613669	341	358	dichloroacetamide	T109,T130	C0045293
27613669	360	366	DCAcAm	T109,T130	C0045293
27613669	372	384	chloropicrin	T109,T121	C0055437
27613669	386	390	TCNM	T109,T121	C0055437
27613669	403	415	chlorination	T057	C2728946
27613669	419	422	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
27613669	428	437	formation	T169	C1522492
27613669	441	445	DCAN	T109	C0057843
27613669	447	453	DCAcAm	T109,T130	C0045293
27613669	459	463	TCNM	T109,T121	C0055437
27613669	492	502	increasing	T169	C0442808
27613669	512	522	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27613669	534	546	chlorination	T057	C2728946
27613669	550	553	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
27613669	559	569	increasing	T169	C0442808
27613669	570	582	contact time	T079	C1254367
27613669	588	594	dosage	T081	C0178602
27613669	598	606	chlorine	T131,T196	C0008209
27613669	628	637	formation	T169	C1522492
27613669	641	645	DCAN	T109	C0057843
27613669	647	653	DCAcAm	T109,T130	C0045293
27613669	659	663	TCNM	T109,T121	C0055437
27613669	677	683	yields	T081	C0392762
27613669	687	691	DCAN	T109	C0057843
27613669	696	702	DCAcAm	T109,T130	C0045293
27613669	721	724	Cl2	T131,T196	C0008209
27613669	727	730	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
27613669	731	742	molar ratio	T081	C2825550
27613669	761	766	yield	T081	C0392762
27613669	770	774	TCNM	T109,T121	C0055437
27613669	775	784	increased	T081	C0205217
27613669	790	800	increasing	T169	C0442808
27613669	805	808	Cl2	T131,T196	C0008209
27613669	811	814	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
27613669	815	826	molar ratio	T081	C2825550
27613669	844	848	TCNM	T109,T121	C0055437
27613669	875	880	ratio	T081	C2825550
27613669	898	915	Cyanogen chloride	T109,T131	C0056659
27613669	917	921	CNCl	T109,T131	C0056659
27613669	945	948	Cl2	T131,T196	C0008209
27613669	951	954	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
27613669	955	966	molar ratio	T081	C2825550
27613669	985	991	N-DBPs	T104	C0684298
27613669	992	1001	formation	T169	C1522492
27613669	1020	1022	pH	T081	C0020283
27613669	1024	1028	DCAN	T109	C0057843
27613669	1029	1038	formation	T169	C1522492
27613669	1039	1048	increased	T081	C0205217
27613669	1054	1064	increasing	T169	C0442808
27613669	1065	1067	pH	T081	C0020283
27613669	1089	1098	decreased	T081	C0205216
27613669	1104	1114	increasing	T169	C0442808
27613669	1115	1117	pH	T081	C0020283
27613669	1135	1141	DCAcAm	T109,T130	C0045293
27613669	1146	1150	TCNM	T109,T121	C0055437
27613669	1151	1160	increased	T081	C0205217
27613669	1166	1176	increasing	T169	C0442808
27613669	1177	1179	pH	T081	C0020283
27613669	1201	1210	decreased	T081	C0205216
27613669	1219	1231	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27613669	1232	1239	reduced	T080	C0392756
27613669	1244	1253	formation	T169	C1522492
27613669	1257	1261	DCAN	T109	C0057843
27613669	1266	1272	DCAcAm	T109,T130	C0045293
27613669	1278	1287	increased	T081	C0205217
27613669	1288	1292	TCNM	T109,T121	C0055437
27613669	1293	1302	formation	T169	C1522492
27613669	1304	1308	DCAN	T109	C0057843
27613669	1313	1319	DCAcAm	T109,T130	C0045293
27613669	1320	1329	formation	T169	C1522492
27613669	1330	1339	decreased	T081	C0205216
27613669	1356	1362	stable	T080	C0205360
27613669	1363	1367	TCNM	T109,T121	C0055437
27613669	1368	1377	formation	T169	C1522492
27613669	1378	1387	increased	T081	C0205217
27613669	1394	1404	increasing	T169	C0442808
27613669	1410	1418	chlorine	T131,T196	C0008209
27613669	1419	1431	contact time	T079	C1254367
27613669	1439	1453	chloramination	T067	C1254366
27613669	1455	1477	N-nitrosodimethylamine	T109,T131	C0012431
27613669	1479	1483	NDMA	T109,T131	C0012431
27613669	1505	1519	chloramination	T067	C1254366
27613669	1523	1526	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
27613669	1531	1540	increased	T081	C0205217
27613669	1546	1555	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27613669	1556	1570	chloramination	T067	C1254366
27613669	1571	1583	contact time	T079	C1254367
27613669	1601	1613	bromide ions	T121,T196	C3848571
27613669	1614	1622	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27613669	1627	1633	yields	T081	C0392762
27613669	1637	1654	haloacetonitriles	T109	C0001004
27613669	1667	1673	N-DBPs	T104	C0684298
27613669	1682	1700	brominated species	T109	C0029224

27613895|t|Examination of the Involvement of Cholinergic - Associated Genes in Nicotine Behaviors in European and African Americans
27613895|a|Cigarette smoking is a physiologically harmful habit. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are bound by nicotine and upregulated in response to chronic exposure to nicotine. It is known that upregulation of these receptors is not due to a change in mRNA of these genes, however, more precise details on the process are still uncertain, with several plausible hypotheses describing how nAChRs are upregulated. We have manually curated a set of genes believed to play a role in nicotine - induced nAChR upregulation. Here, we test the hypothesis that these genes are associated with and contribute risk for nicotine dependence (ND) and the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). Studies with genotypic data on European and African Americans (EAs and AAs, respectively) were collected and a gene-based test was run to test for an association between each gene and ND and CPD. Although several novel genes were associated with CPD and ND at P < 0.05 in EAs and AAs, these associations did not survive correction for multiple testing. Previous associations between CHRNA3, CHRNA5, CHRNB4 and CPD in EAs were replicated. Our hypothesis-driven approach avoided many of the limitations inherent in pathway analyses and provided nominal evidence for association between cholinergic-related genes and nicotine behaviors. We evaluated the evidence for association between a manually curated set of genes and nicotine behaviors in European and African Americans. Although no genes were associated after multiple testing correction, this study has several strengths: by manually curating a set of genes we circumvented the limitations inherent in many pathway analyses and tested several genes that had not yet been examined in a human genetic study; gene-based tests are a useful way to test for association with a set of genes; and these genes were collected based on literature review and conversations with experts, highlighting the importance of scientific collaboration.
27613895	0	11	Examination	T058	C0220825
27613895	19	30	Involvement	T169	C1314939
27613895	34	45	Cholinergic	T169	C0599668
27613895	48	58	Associated	T080	C0439849
27613895	59	64	Genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	68	76	Nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27613895	77	86	Behaviors	T053	C0004927
27613895	90	98	European	T098	C0683983
27613895	103	120	African Americans	T098	C0085756
27613895	121	138	Cigarette smoking	T055	C0700219
27613895	144	159	physiologically	T169	C0205463
27613895	160	173	harmful habit	UnknownType	C0679788
27613895	175	208	Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors	T116,T192	C0034830
27613895	210	216	nAChRs	T116,T192	C0034830
27613895	222	230	bound by	T082	C0332297
27613895	231	239	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27613895	244	255	upregulated	T044	C0949479
27613895	271	278	chronic	T079	C0205191
27613895	279	290	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27613895	291	299	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27613895	318	330	upregulation	T044	C0949479
27613895	340	349	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27613895	376	380	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27613895	390	395	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	476	496	plausible hypotheses	T078	C1512571
27613895	512	518	nAChRs	T116,T192	C0034830
27613895	523	534	upregulated	T044	C0949479
27613895	544	560	manually curated	T052	C1707535
27613895	570	575	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	603	611	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27613895	614	621	induced	T169	C0205263
27613895	622	627	nAChR	T116,T192	C0034830
27613895	628	640	upregulation	T044	C0949479
27613895	660	670	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27613895	682	687	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	692	707	associated with	T080	C0332281
27613895	723	727	risk	T078	C0035647
27613895	732	751	nicotine dependence	T048	C0028043
27613895	753	755	ND	T048	C0028043
27613895	765	800	number of cigarettes smoked per day	T033	C0243095
27613895	802	805	CPD	T033	C0243095
27613895	808	815	Studies	T062	C2603343
27613895	821	830	genotypic	T032	C0017431
27613895	831	835	data	T078	C1511726
27613895	839	847	European	T098	C0683983
27613895	852	869	African Americans	T098	C0085756
27613895	871	874	EAs	T098	C0683983
27613895	879	882	AAs	T098	C0683983
27613895	919	934	gene-based test	T170	C0392366
27613895	946	950	test	T169	C0039593
27613895	958	969	association	T080	C0439849
27613895	983	987	gene	T028	C0017337
27613895	992	994	ND	T048	C0028043
27613895	999	1002	CPD	T033	C0243095
27613895	1021	1026	novel	T080	C0205314
27613895	1027	1032	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	1038	1053	associated with	T080	C0332281
27613895	1054	1057	CPD	T033	C0243095
27613895	1062	1064	ND	T048	C0028043
27613895	1080	1083	EAs	T098	C0683983
27613895	1088	1091	AAs	T098	C0683983
27613895	1099	1111	associations	T080	C0439849
27613895	1116	1119	not	T169	C1518422
27613895	1128	1138	correction	T169	C1947976
27613895	1143	1159	multiple testing	T169	C0039593
27613895	1170	1182	associations	T080	C0439849
27613895	1191	1197	CHRNA3	T028	C1413403
27613895	1199	1205	CHRNA5	T028	C1413405
27613895	1207	1213	CHRNB4	T028	C1413410
27613895	1218	1221	CPD	T033	C0243095
27613895	1225	1228	EAs	T098	C0683983
27613895	1321	1337	pathway analyses	T170	C0868995
27613895	1351	1367	nominal evidence	T078	C3887511
27613895	1372	1383	association	T080	C0439849
27613895	1392	1411	cholinergic-related	T169	C0599668
27613895	1412	1417	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	1422	1430	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27613895	1431	1440	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27613895	1445	1454	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27613895	1459	1467	evidence	T078	C3887511
27613895	1472	1483	association	T080	C0439849
27613895	1494	1510	manually curated	T052	C1707535
27613895	1518	1523	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	1528	1536	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27613895	1537	1546	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27613895	1550	1558	European	T098	C0683983
27613895	1563	1580	African Americans	T098	C0683983
27613895	1591	1593	no	T033	C0205160
27613895	1594	1599	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	1605	1615	associated	T080	C0439849
27613895	1622	1638	multiple testing	T169	C0039593
27613895	1639	1649	correction	T169	C1947976
27613895	1656	1661	study	T062	C2603343
27613895	1688	1705	manually curating	T052	C1707535
27613895	1715	1720	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	1741	1752	limitations	T169	C0449295
27613895	1770	1786	pathway analyses	T170	C0868995
27613895	1791	1797	tested	T169	C0039593
27613895	1806	1811	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	1848	1853	human	T016	C0086418
27613895	1854	1867	genetic study	T062	C2827447
27613895	1869	1885	gene-based tests	T170	C0392366
27613895	1906	1910	test	T169	C0039593
27613895	1915	1931	association with	T080	C0332281
27613895	1941	1946	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	1958	1963	genes	T028	C0017337
27613895	1988	1998	literature	T170	C0023866
27613895	1999	2005	review	T169	C0699752
27613895	2010	2023	conversations	T054	C0871703
27613895	2029	2036	experts	T097	C1611835
27613895	2055	2065	importance	T080	C3898777
27613895	2069	2093	scientific collaboration	T054	C0282116

27614145|t|Midodrine and tolvaptan in patients with cirrhosis and refractory or recurrent ascites: a randomised pilot study
27614145|a|Splanchnic arterial vasodilatation and subsequent sodium and water retention play an important role in cirrhotic ascites. Midodrine and tolvaptan have been used separately in these patients. However, there are no reports on the use of combination of midodrine and tolvaptan in the control of ascites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of midodrine, tolvaptan and their combination in control of refractory or recurrent ascites in cirrhotics. Fifty cirrhotic patients with refractory or recurrent ascites were randomised to receive midodrine (n=13), tolvaptan (n=12) or both (n=13) plus standard medical therapy (SMT) or SMT alone (n=12). A significant increase in urinary volume and urinary sodium at 1 and 3 months (P<.05) was observed in all groups except SMT. There was no worsening of renal or hepatic function in any group. There was deterioration of model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) in SMT. Midodrine as well as combination of midodrine and tolvaptan but not tolvaptan alone was superior to SMT in control of ascites at 3 months (P<.05). The combination therapy was also superior to midodrine in the control of ascites at 1 month. The morbidity and mortality were similar in all the groups except SMT. The results of this pilot study suggest that midodrine and combination with tolvaptan better controls ascites without any renal or hepatic dysfunction. The combination therapy rapidly controls ascites as compared to midodrine or tolvaptan alone.
27614145	0	9	Midodrine	T109,T121	C0026078
27614145	14	23	tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
27614145	27	35	patients	T101	C0030705
27614145	41	50	cirrhosis	T047	C0023890
27614145	55	65	refractory	T033	C3532188
27614145	69	86	recurrent ascites	UnknownType	C0741243
27614145	90	100	randomised	T062	C0034656
27614145	101	112	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27614145	113	147	Splanchnic arterial vasodilatation	T042	C1372887
27614145	163	169	sodium	T047	C0020488
27614145	174	189	water retention	T033	C0542203
27614145	216	233	cirrhotic ascites	T047	C0401037
27614145	235	244	Midodrine	T109,T121	C0026078
27614145	249	258	tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
27614145	294	302	patients	T101	C0030705
27614145	348	359	combination	T061	C0013218
27614145	363	372	midodrine	T109,T121	C0026078
27614145	377	386	tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
27614145	405	412	ascites	T047	C0401037
27614145	443	451	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27614145	456	462	safety	T068	C0036043
27614145	467	475	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27614145	479	488	midodrine	T109,T121	C0026078
27614145	490	499	tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
27614145	510	521	combination	T061	C0013218
27614145	536	546	refractory	T033	C3532188
27614145	550	567	recurrent ascites	UnknownType	C0741243
27614145	571	581	cirrhotics	T047	C0023890
27614145	589	598	cirrhotic	T080	C0439686
27614145	599	607	patients	T101	C0030705
27614145	613	623	refractory	T033	C3532188
27614145	627	644	recurrent ascites	UnknownType	C0741243
27614145	650	660	randomised	T062	C0034656
27614145	672	681	midodrine	T109,T121	C0026078
27614145	690	699	tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
27614145	736	751	medical therapy	T061	C0418981
27614145	753	756	SMT	T061	C0418981
27614145	761	764	SMT	T061	C0418981
27614145	781	819	significant increase in urinary volume	T033	C1287298
27614145	824	838	urinary sodium	T047	C3671887
27614145	850	856	months	T079	C0439231
27614145	885	891	groups	T098	C1257890
27614145	899	902	SMT	T061	C0418981
27614145	917	926	worsening	T080	C0332271
27614145	930	935	renal	T033	C0232805
27614145	939	955	hepatic function	T042	C0232741
27614145	963	968	group	T098	C1257890
27614145	980	993	deterioration	T067	C0868945
27614145	997	1030	model for end-stage liver disease	T185	C3826979
27614145	1032	1036	MELD	T185	C3826979
27614145	1046	1055	Midodrine	T109,T121	C0026078
27614145	1067	1078	combination	T061	C0013218
27614145	1082	1091	midodrine	T109,T121	C0026078
27614145	1096	1105	tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
27614145	1114	1123	tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
27614145	1146	1149	SMT	T061	C0418981
27614145	1164	1171	ascites	T047	C0401037
27614145	1177	1183	months	T079	C0439231
27614145	1197	1216	combination therapy	T061	C0013218
27614145	1238	1247	midodrine	T109,T121	C0026078
27614145	1266	1273	ascites	T047	C0401037
27614145	1279	1284	month	T079	C0439231
27614145	1290	1299	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27614145	1304	1313	mortality	T081	C0205848
27614145	1338	1344	groups	T098	C1257890
27614145	1352	1355	SMT	T061	C0418981
27614145	1377	1388	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27614145	1402	1411	midodrine	T109,T121	C0026078
27614145	1416	1427	combination	T061	C0013218
27614145	1433	1442	tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
27614145	1459	1466	ascites	T047	C0401037
27614145	1479	1484	renal	T047	C1565489
27614145	1488	1507	hepatic dysfunction	T046	C0086565
27614145	1513	1532	combination therapy	T061	C0013218
27614145	1550	1557	ascites	T047	C0401037
27614145	1573	1582	midodrine	T109,T121	C0026078
27614145	1586	1595	tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308

27614386|t|HoLEP learning curve: Toward a standardised formation and a team strategy
27614386|a|Holmium laser enucleation of prostate (HoLEP) is renowned for the difficulty of its learning curve. Our aim was to evaluate the interest of a three-step tutorial in the HoLEP learning curve, in a university center. It is a retrospective, monocentric study of the 82 first procedures done consecutively by the same operator with a proctoring in early experience and after 40 procedures. For all patients were noted: enucleation efficiency (g/min), morcellation efficiency (g/min), percentage of enucleated tissue (enucleated tissue / adenome weigth evaluated by ultrasonography. g/g), perioperative morbidity (Clavien), length of hospital stay, length of urinary drainage, functional outcomes at short and middle term (Qmax, post-void residual volume [PVR], QOL scores and IPSS at 3 and 6 months). Enucleation and morcellation efficiency were significantly higher after the second proctoring (0.87 vs 0.44g/min; P<0.0001 and 4.2 vs 3.37g/min, P=0.038, respectively) so as the prostatic volume (43.5 vs 68.1mL, P=0.0001). Percentage of enucleated tissue was higher in the second group, however, the difference was not significant (69.5% vs 80.4%, P=0.03). Per- and postoperative complications, hospital length of stay, urinary drainage length and functional results at 3 and 6 months were not significantly different. The learning curve did not interfere with functional results. The second proctoring was essential to us in order to grasp the technique. These data underlined the necessity of a pedagogic reflexion in order to built a standardized formation technique to the HoLEP. 4.
27614386	0	5	HoLEP	T061	C3698057
27614386	6	20	learning curve	T041	C2936637
27614386	31	53	standardised formation	T061	C0475411
27614386	74	111	Holmium laser enucleation of prostate	T061	C3698057
27614386	113	118	HoLEP	T061	C3698057
27614386	158	172	learning curve	T041	C2936637
27614386	189	197	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27614386	227	235	tutorial	T170	C1956025
27614386	243	248	HoLEP	T061	C3698057
27614386	249	263	learning curve	T041	C2936637
27614386	270	287	university center	T073,T093	C0000872
27614386	297	310	retrospective	T062	C0035363
27614386	312	329	monocentric study	T062	C2603343
27614386	346	356	procedures	T169	C2700391
27614386	404	414	proctoring	T058	C0582103
27614386	448	458	procedures	T169	C2700391
27614386	468	476	patients	T101	C0030705
27614386	489	500	enucleation	T061	C0014392
27614386	501	511	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27614386	521	533	morcellation	T061	C4042900
27614386	534	544	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27614386	554	564	percentage	T081	C0439165
27614386	568	585	enucleated tissue	T024	C0040300
27614386	587	604	enucleated tissue	T024	C0040300
27614386	607	621	adenome weigth	T201	C0683325
27614386	635	650	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27614386	658	671	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27614386	672	681	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27614386	693	716	length of hospital stay	T079	C0023303
27614386	718	724	length	T081	C1444754
27614386	728	744	urinary drainage	T074	C0179802
27614386	746	765	functional outcomes	T169	C1274040
27614386	792	796	Qmax	T033	C0429784
27614386	798	823	post-void residual volume	T033	C0429774
27614386	825	828	PVR	T033	C0429774
27614386	831	841	QOL scores	T080	C3476431
27614386	846	850	IPSS	T170	C1998280
27614386	862	868	months	T079	C0439231
27614386	871	882	Enucleation	T061	C0014392
27614386	887	899	morcellation	T061	C4042900
27614386	900	910	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27614386	916	936	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27614386	954	964	proctoring	T058	C0582103
27614386	1049	1058	prostatic	T023	C0033572
27614386	1059	1065	volume	T081	C0449468
27614386	1094	1104	Percentage	T081	C0439165
27614386	1108	1125	enucleated tissue	T024	C0040300
27614386	1130	1136	higher	T080	C0205250
27614386	1151	1156	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27614386	1186	1201	not significant	T033	C1273937
27614386	1228	1232	Per-	T046	C0009566
27614386	1237	1264	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
27614386	1266	1289	hospital length of stay	T079	C0023303
27614386	1291	1307	urinary drainage	T074	C0179802
27614386	1308	1314	length	T081	C1444754
27614386	1319	1337	functional results	T169	C1274040
27614386	1349	1355	months	T079	C0439231
27614386	1361	1388	not significantly different	T033	C1273937
27614386	1394	1408	learning curve	T041	C2936637
27614386	1432	1450	functional results	T169	C1274040
27614386	1463	1473	proctoring	T058	C0582103
27614386	1516	1525	technique	T169	C0449851
27614386	1533	1537	data	T078	C1511726
27614386	1568	1577	pedagogic	T090	C1510624
27614386	1608	1640	standardized formation technique	T061	C0475411
27614386	1648	1653	HoLEP	T061	C3698057

27614652|t|In situ stabilization of heavy metals in multiple- metal contaminated paddy soil using different steel slag -based silicon fertilizer
27614652|a|Steel slag has been widely used as amendment and silicon fertilizer to alleviate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of particle size, composition, and application rate of slag on metal immobilization in acidic soil, metals uptake by rice and rice growth. The results indicated that application of slag increased soil pH, plant -available silicon concentrations in soil, and decreased the bioavailability of metals compared with control treatment, whereas pulverous slag (S1) was more effective than granular slag (S2 and S3). The acid - extractable fraction of Cd in the spiked soil was significantly decreased with application of S1 at rates of 1 and 3 %, acid-extractable fractions of Cu and Zn were decreased when treated at 3 %. Use of S1 at both rates resulted in significantly lower Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations in rice tissues than in controls by 82.6-92.9, 88.4-95.6, and 67.4-81.4 %, respectively. However, use of pulverous slag at 1 % significantly promotes rice growth, restricted rice growth when treated at 3 %. Thus, the results explained that reduced particle size and suitable application rate of slag could be beneficial to rice growth and metals stabilization.
27614652	0	7	In situ	T082	C0444498
27614652	8	21	stabilization	T080	C0205360
27614652	25	37	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27614652	51	56	metal	T197	C0025552
27614652	57	69	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27614652	70	75	paddy	T002	C1083174
27614652	76	80	soil	T167	C0037592
27614652	97	102	steel	T122,T197	C0038239
27614652	103	107	slag	T197	C0885779
27614652	115	122	silicon	T196	C0037107
27614652	123	133	fertilizer	T073,T131	C0015919
27614652	134	139	Steel	T122,T197	C0038239
27614652	140	144	slag	T197	C0885779
27614652	183	190	silicon	T196	C0037107
27614652	191	201	fertilizer	T073,T131	C0015919
27614652	219	227	mobility	T033	C0425245
27614652	232	247	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27614652	251	263	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27614652	267	271	soil	T167	C0037592
27614652	277	286	objective	T170	C0018017
27614652	295	300	study	T062	C2603343
27614652	308	316	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27614652	321	330	influence	T077	C4054723
27614652	334	347	particle size	T081	C0030608
27614652	349	360	composition	T070	C0243176
27614652	386	390	slag	T197	C0885779
27614652	394	399	metal	T197	C0025552
27614652	400	414	immobilization	T169	C0205245
27614652	418	424	acidic	T103	C0001128
27614652	425	429	soil	T167	C0037592
27614652	431	437	metals	T197	C0025552
27614652	438	444	uptake	T039	C0243144
27614652	448	452	rice	T002	C1140671
27614652	457	461	rice	T002	C1140671
27614652	462	468	growth	T039	C0220844
27614652	512	516	slag	T197	C0885779
27614652	527	531	soil	T167	C0037592
27614652	532	534	pH	T081	C0020283
27614652	536	541	plant	T002	C0032098
27614652	553	560	silicon	T196	C0037107
27614652	561	575	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27614652	579	583	soil	T167	C0037592
27614652	589	598	decreased	T081	C0205216
27614652	603	618	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27614652	622	628	metals	T197	C0025552
27614652	643	660	control treatment	T080	C0243148
27614652	670	684	pulverous slag	T197	C0885779
27614652	686	688	S1	T197	C0885779
27614652	694	708	more effective	T080	C1704419
27614652	714	722	granular	T080	C0205248
27614652	723	727	slag	T197	C0885779
27614652	745	749	acid	T103	C0001128
27614652	752	775	extractable fraction of	T081	C1264633
27614652	776	778	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27614652	793	797	soil	T167	C0037592
27614652	816	825	decreased	T081	C0205216
27614652	846	848	S1	T197	C0885779
27614652	902	904	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27614652	909	911	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27614652	917	926	decreased	T081	C0205216
27614652	932	939	treated	T169	C1522326
27614652	955	957	S1	T197	C0885779
27614652	984	1003	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27614652	1004	1006	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27614652	1008	1010	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27614652	1016	1018	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27614652	1019	1033	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27614652	1037	1041	rice	T002	C1140671
27614652	1042	1049	tissues	T025	C1514137
27614652	1058	1066	controls	T096	C0009932
27614652	1139	1153	pulverous slag	T197	C0885779
27614652	1175	1183	promotes	T052	C0033414
27614652	1184	1188	rice	T002	C1140671
27614652	1189	1195	growth	T039	C0220844
27614652	1208	1212	rice	T002	C1140671
27614652	1213	1219	growth	T039	C0220844
27614652	1225	1232	treated	T169	C1522326
27614652	1274	1281	reduced	T080	C0392756
27614652	1282	1295	particle size	T081	C0030608
27614652	1329	1333	slag	T197	C0885779
27614652	1357	1361	rice	T002	C1140671
27614652	1362	1368	growth	T039	C0220844
27614652	1373	1379	metals	T197	C0025552
27614652	1380	1393	stabilization	T080	C0205360

27615860|t|Record of a new species of the genus Viridopromontorius Luna de Carvalho (Strepsiptera: Corioxenidae) from India with a revised key to Corioxenidae
27615860|a|A new species of the genus Viridopromontorius Luna de Carvalho is described from West Bengal, India. The new species V. aequus differs from the other member of Viridopromontorius by having approximately equal size of antennomeres IV and V, maxillary palp nearly twice the length of base, vein R<sub>4 </sub> curved towards R<sub>2</sub>, very small distal process on tarsomeres II-III, tarsomere IV almost trapezoidal and acumen to some extent upwardly bent (in lateral view). A revised key of the family Corioxenidae is also provided.
27615860	0	6	Record	T170	C0034869
27615860	12	15	new	T080	C0205314
27615860	16	23	species	T185	C1705920
27615860	31	36	genus	T185	C1708235
27615860	37	72	Viridopromontorius Luna de Carvalho	T204	C1015514
27615860	74	86	Strepsiptera	T204	C1003138
27615860	88	100	Corioxenidae	T204	C1015514
27615860	107	112	India	T083	C0021201
27615860	120	127	revised	T080	C0807108
27615860	128	131	key	T077	C1706198
27615860	135	147	Corioxenidae	T204	C1015514
27615860	150	153	new	T080	C0205314
27615860	154	161	species	T185	C1705920
27615860	169	174	genus	T185	C1708235
27615860	175	210	Viridopromontorius Luna de Carvalho	T204	C1015514
27615860	229	247	West Bengal, India	T083	C0021201
27615860	253	256	new	T080	C0205314
27615860	257	264	species	T185	C1705920
27615860	265	274	V. aequus	T204	C1015514
27615860	298	304	member	T098	C0680022
27615860	308	326	Viridopromontorius	T204	C1015514
27615860	337	350	approximately	T080	C0332232
27615860	351	356	equal	T080	C0205163
27615860	357	361	size	T082	C0456389
27615860	365	386	antennomeres IV and V	T023	C0229962
27615860	388	402	maxillary palp	T023	C0229962
27615860	420	426	length	T081	C1444754
27615860	430	434	base	T023	C0229962
27615860	436	455	vein R<sub>4 </sub>	T023	C0042449
27615860	486	496	very small	T081	C0700321
27615860	497	511	distal process	T023	C0229962
27615860	515	532	tarsomeres II-III	T023	C0229962
27615860	534	546	tarsomere IV	T023	C0229962
27615860	554	565	trapezoidal	T201	C2337263
27615860	570	576	acumen	T023	C0229962
27615860	592	600	upwardly	T082	C1282911
27615860	601	605	bent	T080	C0205133
27615860	610	622	lateral view	T082	C1508423
27615860	627	634	revised	T080	C0807108
27615860	635	638	key	T077	C1706198
27615860	646	652	family	T077	C1704727
27615860	653	665	Corioxenidae	T204	C1015514

27616047|t|Plasmodium falciparum Choline Kinase Inhibition Leads to a Major Decrease in Phosphatidylethanolamine Causing Parasite Death
27616047|a|Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by different species of the protozoan parasite Plasmodium, with P. falciparum being the deadliest. Increasing parasitic resistance to existing antimalarials makes the necessity of novel avenues to treat this disease an urgent priority. The enzymes responsible for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine are attractive drug targets to treat malaria as their selective inhibition leads to an arrest of the parasite's growth and cures malaria in a mouse model. We present here a detailed study that reveals a mode of action for two P. falciparum choline kinase inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. The compounds present distinct binding modes to the choline / ethanolamine - binding site of P. falciparum choline kinase, reflecting different types of inhibition. Strikingly, these compounds primarily inhibit the ethanolamine kinase activity of the P. falciparum choline kinase, leading to a severe decrease in the phosphatidylethanolamine levels within P. falciparum, which explains the resulting growth phenotype and the parasites death. These studies provide an understanding of the mode of action, and act as a springboard for continued antimalarial development efforts selectively targeting P. falciparum choline kinase.
27616047	0	21	Plasmodium falciparum	T204	C0032150
27616047	22	36	Choline Kinase	T116,T126	C0008415
27616047	37	47	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27616047	65	73	Decrease	T081	C0547047
27616047	77	101	Phosphatidylethanolamine	T109,T121	C1450468
27616047	110	118	Parasite	T204	C0030498
27616047	119	124	Death	T040	C0011065
27616047	125	132	Malaria	T047	C0024530
27616047	138	154	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27616047	155	162	disease	T047	C0012634
27616047	183	190	species	T185	C1705920
27616047	198	216	protozoan parasite	T204	C0585171
27616047	217	227	Plasmodium	T204	C0032148
27616047	234	247	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
27616047	269	279	Increasing	T169	C0442808
27616047	280	289	parasitic	T169	C0521066
27616047	290	300	resistance	T169	C4281815
27616047	313	326	antimalarials	T121	C0003374
27616047	350	355	novel	T080	C0205314
27616047	367	372	treat	T061	C0087111
27616047	378	385	disease	T047	C0012634
27616047	410	417	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27616047	438	447	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27616047	451	470	phosphatidylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C1959616
27616047	475	499	phosphatidylethanolamine	T109,T121	C1450468
27616047	515	527	drug targets	T169	C1521840
27616047	531	536	treat	T061	C0087111
27616047	537	544	malaria	T047	C0024530
27616047	564	574	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27616047	601	611	parasite's	T204	C0030498
27616047	612	618	growth	T040	C0018270
27616047	623	628	cures	T033	C0679252
27616047	629	636	malaria	T047	C0024530
27616047	642	653	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27616047	682	687	study	T062	C2603343
27616047	703	717	mode of action	T169	C1524059
27616047	726	739	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
27616047	740	754	choline kinase	T116,T126	C0008415
27616047	755	765	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27616047	771	779	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27616047	784	791	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27616047	797	806	compounds	T080	C0205198
27616047	824	831	binding	T044	C1167622
27616047	845	852	choline	T109,T121,T123	C0008405
27616047	855	867	ethanolamine	T109,T130	C0059696
27616047	870	882	binding site	T192	C0005456
27616047	886	899	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
27616047	900	914	choline kinase	T116,T126	C0008415
27616047	946	956	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27616047	976	985	compounds	T080	C0205198
27616047	1008	1036	ethanolamine kinase activity	T044	C1150468
27616047	1044	1057	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
27616047	1058	1072	choline kinase	T116,T126	C0008415
27616047	1094	1102	decrease	T081	C0547047
27616047	1110	1134	phosphatidylethanolamine	T109,T121	C1450468
27616047	1135	1141	levels	T080	C0441889
27616047	1149	1162	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
27616047	1193	1209	growth phenotype	T032	C0031437
27616047	1218	1227	parasites	T204	C0030498
27616047	1228	1233	death	T040	C0011065
27616047	1281	1295	mode of action	T169	C1524059
27616047	1336	1360	antimalarial development	T039	C0243107
27616047	1391	1404	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
27616047	1405	1419	choline kinase	T116,T126	C0008415

27616751|t|Anti-CD45RB and donor-specific spleen cells transfusion inhibition allograft skin rejection mediated by memory T cells
27616751|a|Donor-reactive memory T (Tm)cells mediate accelerated rejection, which is known as a barrier to the survival of transplanted organs. Selective interference with the anti-CD45RB monoclonal antibody (α-CD45RB) reliably induces donor - specific tolerance. In this study, pre-sensitization to female C57BL/6 mice with the skin of female BLAB/c mice generated a large number of Tm cells and resulted in rapid rejection of the secondly transplanted allografts. α-CD45RB did induce the tolerance to skin allograft primarily transplanted but failed to induce tolerance in the pre-sensitized mice. Donor-specific spleen cell transfusion (DST) alone also failed to induce the tolerance in the pre-sensitized recipients. Interestingly, combination of α-CD45RB with DST inhibited the rejection induced by memory T cells in the pre-sensitized mice. CD25+ T-cell depletion in α-CD45RB combined with DST therapy recipients could prevent skin allograft tolerance from establishing. In addition, adoptive transfer of donor -primed memory T cells into the tolerant recipients markedly broke the established tolerance. Our findings indicate that α-CD45RB and DST can synergistically inhibit the accelerated rejection mediated by memory T cells and induce long-term skin allograft acceptance in mice.
27616751	0	11	Anti-CD45RB	T116,T129	C0003250
27616751	16	55	donor-specific spleen cells transfusion	T169	C0199960
27616751	56	66	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27616751	67	91	allograft skin rejection	T046	C2891288
27616751	104	118	memory T cells	T025	C0682639
27616751	134	152	memory T (Tm)cells	T025	C0682639
27616751	173	182	rejection	T042	C0018129
27616751	231	250	transplanted organs	T023	C0524930
27616751	284	326	anti-CD45RB monoclonal antibody (α-CD45RB)	T116,T129	C0003250
27616751	344	349	donor	T098	C0013018
27616751	352	360	specific	T080	C0205369
27616751	361	370	tolerance	T040	C0887937
27616751	380	385	study	T062	C2603343
27616751	387	404	pre-sensitization	T079	C1254367
27616751	408	414	female	T032	C0086287
27616751	415	427	C57BL/6 mice	T015	C1521751
27616751	437	441	skin	T022	C1123023
27616751	445	451	female	T032	C0086287
27616751	452	463	BLAB/c mice	T015	C0026809
27616751	492	500	Tm cells	T025	C0682639
27616751	523	532	rejection	T042	C0018129
27616751	540	548	secondly	T081	C0205436
27616751	549	561	transplanted	T169	C0700106
27616751	562	572	allografts	T122	C0450127
27616751	574	582	α-CD45RB	T116,T129	C0003250
27616751	598	607	tolerance	T040	C0887937
27616751	611	625	skin allograft	T122	C0440814
27616751	626	635	primarily	T080	C0205225
27616751	636	648	transplanted	T169	C0700106
27616751	670	679	tolerance	T040	C0887937
27616751	687	706	pre-sensitized mice	T015	C0026809
27616751	708	746	Donor-specific spleen cell transfusion	T169	C0199960
27616751	748	751	DST	T169	C0199960
27616751	785	794	tolerance	T040	C0887937
27616751	802	816	pre-sensitized	T079	C1254367
27616751	817	827	recipients	T101	C0376387
27616751	859	867	α-CD45RB	T116,T129	C0003250
27616751	873	876	DST	T169	C0199960
27616751	891	900	rejection	T042	C0018129
27616751	912	926	memory T cells	T025	C0682639
27616751	934	953	pre-sensitized mice	T015	C0026809
27616751	955	967	CD25+ T-cell	T025	C0039194
27616751	968	977	depletion	T061	C0677960
27616751	981	989	α-CD45RB	T116,T129	C0003250
27616751	1004	1007	DST	T169	C0199960
27616751	1008	1015	therapy	T061	C0087111
27616751	1016	1026	recipients	T101	C0376387
27616751	1041	1055	skin allograft	T122	C0440814
27616751	1056	1065	tolerance	T040	C0887937
27616751	1098	1115	adoptive transfer	T061	C0376518
27616751	1119	1124	donor	T098	C0013018
27616751	1133	1147	memory T cells	T025	C0682639
27616751	1157	1165	tolerant	T040	C0887937
27616751	1166	1176	recipients	T101	C0376387
27616751	1208	1217	tolerance	T040	C0887937
27616751	1223	1231	findings	T033	C0243095
27616751	1246	1254	α-CD45RB	T116,T129	C0003250
27616751	1259	1262	DST	T169	C0199960
27616751	1307	1316	rejection	T042	C0018129
27616751	1329	1343	memory T cells	T025	C0682639
27616751	1365	1379	skin allograft	T122	C0440814
27616751	1380	1390	acceptance	T039	C0301944
27616751	1394	1398	mice	T015	C0026809

27616886|t|The influence of different long-circulating materials on the pharmacokinetics of liposomal vincristine sulfate
27616886|a|This study was designed to improve the in vivo pharmacokinetics of long-circulating vincristine sulfate (VS)-loaded liposomes; three different long-circulating materials, chitosan, poly(ethylene glycol)-1,2-distearoyl sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-DSPE), and poly(ethylene glycol)-poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PEG-PLGA), were evaluated at the same coating molar ratio with the commercial product Marqibo (®) (vincristine sulfate liposome injection [VSLI]). VS-loaded liposomes were prepared by a pH gradient method and were then coated with chitosan, PEG-DSPE, or PEG-PLGA. Physicochemical properties, including the morphology, particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE %), pH, drug loading, and in vitro release, were determined. Preservation stability and pharmacokinetic studies were performed to compare the membrane-coated liposomes with either commercially available liposomes or the VS solution. The sphere-like morphology of the vesicles was confirmed by transmission electron microscope. Increased particle size, especially for the chitosan formulation, was observed after the coating process. However, the EE % was ~99.0% with drug loading at 2.0 mg/mL, which did not change after the coating process. The coating of long-circulation materials, except for chitosan, resulted in negatively charged and stable vesicles at physiological pH. The near-zero zeta potential exhibited by the PEG-DSPE formulation leads to a long er circulation lifetime and improved absorption for VS, when compared with the PEG-PLGA formulation. Compared with the commercial product, PEG was responsible for a higher plasma VS concentration and a longer half-life. PEG-DSPE coating may be related to better absorption, based on the stability and a pharmacokinetic improvement in the blood circulation time.
27616886	27	53	long-circulating materials	T122	C0005479
27616886	61	77	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27616886	81	110	liposomal vincristine sulfate	T109,T121	C3497340
27616886	150	157	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27616886	158	174	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27616886	178	236	long-circulating vincristine sulfate (VS)-loaded liposomes	T109,T121	C0935690
27616886	216	218	VS	T109,T121	C0042680
27616886	254	280	long-circulating materials	T122	C0005479
27616886	282	290	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27616886	292	366	poly(ethylene glycol)-1,2-distearoyl sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine	T109	C0664515
27616886	368	376	PEG-DSPE	T109	C0664515
27616886	383	430	poly(ethylene glycol)-poly-lactide-co-glycolide	T109,T121	C3849743
27616886	432	440	PEG-PLGA	T109,T121	C3849743
27616886	470	477	coating	T080	C1522408
27616886	518	525	Marqibo	T109,T121	C1883536
27616886	531	576	vincristine sulfate liposome injection [VSLI]	T200	C4060177
27616886	579	598	VS-loaded liposomes	T109,T121	C0935690
27616886	618	636	pH gradient method	T059	C0022885
27616886	651	657	coated	T080	C1522408
27616886	663	671	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27616886	673	681	PEG-DSPE	T109	C0664515
27616886	686	694	PEG-PLGA	T109,T121	C3849743
27616886	696	722	Physicochemical properties	UnknownType	C0683121
27616886	738	748	morphology	T080	C0332437
27616886	750	763	particle size	T081	C0030608
27616886	765	779	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
27616886	781	805	encapsulation efficiency	T081	C0013682
27616886	807	809	EE	T081	C0013682
27616886	814	816	pH	T081	C0020283
27616886	818	830	drug loading	UnknownType	C0678767
27616886	836	844	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27616886	845	852	release	T169	C1283071
27616886	871	883	Preservation	T059	C1514402
27616886	884	893	stability	T080	C0205360
27616886	898	921	pharmacokinetic studies	T062	C0201734
27616886	952	967	membrane-coated	T026	C1522987
27616886	968	977	liposomes	T109	C0023828
27616886	1013	1022	liposomes	T109	C0023828
27616886	1030	1032	VS	T109,T121	C0042680
27616886	1033	1041	solution	T122	C0525069
27616886	1047	1069	sphere-like morphology	T080	C0332437
27616886	1077	1085	vesicles	T026	C1622418
27616886	1103	1135	transmission electron microscope	T059	C0678118
27616886	1147	1160	particle size	T081	C0030608
27616886	1181	1189	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27616886	1226	1233	coating	T080	C1522408
27616886	1234	1241	process	T067	C1522240
27616886	1256	1258	EE	T081	C0013682
27616886	1277	1289	drug loading	UnknownType	C0678767
27616886	1335	1342	coating	T080	C1522408
27616886	1343	1350	process	T067	C1522240
27616886	1367	1393	long-circulation materials	T122	C0005479
27616886	1406	1414	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27616886	1428	1446	negatively charged	T196	C0003075
27616886	1451	1457	stable	T080	C0205360
27616886	1458	1466	vesicles	T026	C1622418
27616886	1470	1483	physiological	T169	C0205463
27616886	1484	1486	pH	T081	C0020283
27616886	1492	1516	near-zero zeta potential	T067	C0597697
27616886	1534	1542	PEG-DSPE	T109	C0664515
27616886	1566	1573	long er	T080	C0205166
27616886	1586	1594	lifetime	T079	C4071830
27616886	1608	1618	absorption	T070	C0000854
27616886	1623	1625	VS	T109,T121	C0042680
27616886	1650	1658	PEG-PLGA	T109,T121	C3849743
27616886	1710	1713	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27616886	1743	1749	plasma	T031	C0032105
27616886	1750	1752	VS	T109,T121	C0042680
27616886	1753	1766	concentration	T081	C1446561
27616886	1773	1779	longer	T080	C0205166
27616886	1780	1789	half-life	T079	C0018517
27616886	1791	1799	PEG-DSPE	T109	C0664515
27616886	1800	1807	coating	T080	C1522408
27616886	1833	1843	absorption	T070	C0000854
27616886	1858	1867	stability	T080	C0205360
27616886	1874	1889	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27616886	1890	1901	improvement	T077	C2986411
27616886	1909	1931	blood circulation time	T060	C0919393

27617011|t|An Improved Culture Method for Selective Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from Wastewater
27617011|a|Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading foodborne pathogens worldwide. C. jejuni is isolated from a wide range of foods, domestic animals, wildlife, and environmental sources. The currently available culture-based isolation methods are not highly effective for wastewater samples due to the low number of C. jejuni in the midst of competing bacteria. To detect and isolate C. jejuni from wastewater samples, in this study, we evaluated a few different enrichment conditions using five different antibiotics (i.e., cefoperazone, vancomycin, trimethoprim, polymyxin B, and rifampicin), to which C. jejuni is intrinsically resistant. The selectivity of each enrichment condition was measured with C t value using quantitative real-time PCR, and multiplex PCR to determine Campylobacter species. In addition, the efficacy of Campylobacter isolation on different culture media after selective enrichment was examined by growing on Bolton and Preston agar plates. The addition of polymyxin B, rifampicin, or both to the Bolton selective supplements enhanced the selective isolation of C. jejuni. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing also revealed that Enterococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major competing bacteria in the enrichment conditions. Although it is known to be difficult to isolate Campylobacter from samples with heavy contamination, this study well exhibited that the manipulation of antibiotic selective pressure improves the isolation efficiency of fastidious Campylobacter from wastewater.
27617011	12	26	Culture Method	T059	C0430400
27617011	41	50	Isolation	T059	C0220862
27617011	54	74	Campylobacter jejuni	T007	C0006819
27617011	80	90	Wastewater	T069	C3494254
27617011	91	111	Campylobacter jejuni	T007	C0006819
27617011	134	143	foodborne	T169	C3242390
27617011	144	153	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27617011	165	174	C. jejuni	T007	C0006819
27617011	178	186	isolated	T169	C0205409
27617011	208	213	foods	T168	C0016452
27617011	215	231	domestic animals	T008	C0003063
27617011	233	241	wildlife	T008	C0003070
27617011	247	260	environmental	T082	C0014406
27617011	261	268	sources	T033	C0449416
27617011	294	325	culture-based isolation methods	T059	C0430400
27617011	355	365	wastewater	T069	C3494254
27617011	366	373	samples	T167	C0370003
27617011	399	408	C. jejuni	T007	C0006819
27617011	435	443	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27617011	459	466	isolate	T169	C0205409
27617011	467	476	C. jejuni	T007	C0006819
27617011	482	492	wastewater	T069	C3494254
27617011	493	500	samples	T167	C0370003
27617011	510	515	study	T062	C2603343
27617011	589	600	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27617011	608	620	cefoperazone	T109,T195	C0007552
27617011	622	632	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
27617011	634	646	trimethoprim	T109,T195	C0041041
27617011	648	659	polymyxin B	T116,T195	C0032535
27617011	665	675	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27617011	687	696	C. jejuni	T007	C0006819
27617011	714	723	resistant	T169	C0332325
27617011	804	830	quantitative real-time PCR	T063	C3179034
27617011	836	849	multiplex PCR	T063	C3179032
27617011	863	884	Campylobacter species	T007	C1264818
27617011	903	911	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27617011	915	928	Campylobacter	T007	C0006813
27617011	929	938	isolation	T059	C0220862
27617011	952	965	culture media	T130	C0010454
27617011	982	992	enrichment	T130	C3503937
27617011	1020	1026	Bolton	T130	C1720273
27617011	1031	1050	Preston agar plates	T130	C1720273
27617011	1068	1079	polymyxin B	T116,T195	C0032535
27617011	1081	1091	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27617011	1108	1136	Bolton selective supplements	T130	C1720273
27617011	1160	1169	isolation	T059	C0220862
27617011	1173	1182	C. jejuni	T007	C0006819
27617011	1199	1207	16S rDNA	T114,T123	C0012933
27617011	1208	1218	sequencing	T059	C1294197
27617011	1238	1255	Enterococcus spp.	T007	C1295823
27617011	1260	1282	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27617011	1303	1311	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27617011	1382	1389	isolate	T169	C0205409
27617011	1390	1403	Campylobacter	T007	C0006813
27617011	1409	1416	samples	T167	C0370003
27617011	1428	1441	contamination	T078	C2349974
27617011	1478	1490	manipulation	T078	C1515926
27617011	1494	1523	antibiotic selective pressure	T033	C0427965
27617011	1537	1546	isolation	T059	C0220862
27617011	1547	1557	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27617011	1572	1585	Campylobacter	T007	C0006813
27617011	1591	1601	wastewater	T069	C3494254

27617056|t|An improved high-quality draft genome sequence of Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. inhibens strain K1(T)
27617056|a|Despite their ubiquity and their involvement in food spoilage, the genus Carnobacterium remains rather sparsely characterized at the genome level. Carnobacterium inhibens K1(T) is a member of the Carnobacteriaceae family within the class Bacilli. This strain is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium isolated from the intestine of an Atlantic salmon. The present study determined the genome sequence and annotation of Carnobacterium inhibens K1(T). The genome comprised 2,748,608 bp with a G + C content of 34.85 %, which included 2621 protein-coding genes and 116 RNA genes. The strain contained five contigs corresponding to presumptive plasmids of sizes: 19,036; 24,250; 26,581; 65,272; and 65,904 bp.
27617056	31	37	genome	T028	C0017428
27617056	38	46	sequence	T086	C0004793
27617056	50	102	Carnobacterium inhibens subsp. inhibens strain K1(T)	T007	C1482078
27617056	136	147	involvement	T169	C1314939
27617056	151	164	food spoilage	T033	C0518423
27617056	170	175	genus	T185	C1708235
27617056	176	190	Carnobacterium	T007	C0996228
27617056	236	242	genome	T028	C0017428
27617056	250	279	Carnobacterium inhibens K1(T)	T007	C1482078
27617056	299	316	Carnobacteriaceae	T007	C1210583
27617056	317	323	family	T099	C0015576
27617056	335	348	class Bacilli	T007	C1040746
27617056	355	361	strain	T001	C1518614
27617056	355	361	strain	T001	C1518614
27617056	367	380	Gram-positive	T007	C0018154
27617056	382	402	rod-shaped bacterium	T007	C1563018
27617056	403	411	isolated	T169	C0205409
27617056	421	430	intestine	T023	C0021853
27617056	437	452	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
27617056	458	471	present study	T062	C2603343
27617056	472	482	determined	T078	C0205258
27617056	487	493	genome	T028	C0017428
27617056	494	502	sequence	T086	C0004793
27617056	507	517	annotation	T063	C2936606
27617056	521	550	Carnobacterium inhibens K1(T)	T007	C1482078
27617056	556	562	genome	T028	C0017428
27617056	583	585	bp	T114	C0028630
27617056	593	606	G + C content	T081	C1135899
27617056	639	659	protein-coding genes	T028	C3839127
27617056	668	677	RNA genes	T028	C0035899
27617056	683	689	strain	T001	C1518614
27617056	705	712	contigs	T082	C1511491
27617056	730	741	presumptive	T080	C3640893
27617056	742	750	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
27617056	754	759	sizes	T082	C0456389
27617056	804	806	bp	T114	C0028630

27617108|t|Recruitment of Minority Adolescents and Young Adults into Randomised Clinical Trials: Testing the Design of the Technology Enhanced Community Health Nursing (TECH-N) Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Trial
27617108|a|Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) disproportionately affects adolescent and young adult (AYA) women and can negatively influence reproductive health trajectories. Few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have focused on strategies to improve outpatient adherence or to reduce reproductive morbidity in this population. This paper describes the research methods and preliminary effectiveness of recruitment, retention, and intervention strategies employed in a novel RCT designed to test a technology-enhanced community-health nursing (TECH-N) intervention among urban AYA with PID. AYA women aged 13-25 years were recruited during acute PID visits in outpatient clinics and emergency departments (ED) to participate in this IRB-approved trial. Participants completed an audio-computerized self-interview (ACASI), provided vaginal specimens, and were randomized to standard treatment or the intervention. Intervention participants received text-messaging support for 30 days and a community health nurse (CHN) interventionist performed a home visit with clinical assessment within 5 days after enrollment. All patients received a full course of medications and completed research visits at 14- days (adherence), 30 days and 90 days with by an outreach worker. STI testing performed at the 30-and 90- day visits. Exploratory analyses using descriptive statistics were conducted to examine recruitment, retention, and follow-up data to test the overall design of the intervention. In the first 48 months, 64% of 463 patients were eligible for the study and 81.2% of 293 eligible patients were recruited for the study (63.3%); 238 (81.2%) of eligible patients were enrolled. Most participants were African American (95.6%) with a mean age of 18.6 (2.3). Ninety-four percent of individuals assigned to the TECH-N intervention completed the nursing visits. All completed visits have been within the 5- day window and over 90% of patients in both arms have been retained over the 3- month follow-up period. Biological data suggests a shift in the biological milieu with the predominance of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis infections. Preliminary data from the TECH-N study demonstrated that urban, low-income, minority AYA with PID can effectively be recruited and retained to participate in sexual and reproductive health RCTs with sufficient investment in the design and infrastructure of the study. Community -based sexual health interventions appear to be both feasible and acceptable in this population.
27617108	0	11	Recruitment	T052	C2949735
27617108	15	23	Minority	T098	C0026192
27617108	24	35	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27617108	40	52	Young Adults	T100	C0238598
27617108	58	84	Randomised Clinical Trials	T062	C0206035
27617108	86	93	Testing	T169	C0039593
27617108	98	104	Design	T052	C1707689
27617108	112	156	Technology Enhanced Community Health Nursing	T058	C0886296
27617108	158	164	TECH-N	T058	C0886296
27617108	166	193	Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	T047	C0242172
27617108	200	227	Pelvic inflammatory disease	T047	C0242172
27617108	229	232	PID	T047	C0242172
27617108	234	252	disproportionately	T080	C0205350
27617108	261	271	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27617108	276	287	young adult	T100	C0238598
27617108	289	292	AYA	T100	C0027362
27617108	294	299	women	T098	C0043210
27617108	319	328	influence	T077	C4054723
27617108	329	348	reproductive health	T091	C0242667
27617108	367	395	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27617108	397	401	RCTs	T062	C0206035
27617108	433	440	improve	T033	C0184511
27617108	441	451	outpatient	T101	C0029921
27617108	452	461	adherence	T169	C1510802
27617108	468	474	reduce	T080	C0392756
27617108	475	487	reproductive	T040	C0035150
27617108	488	497	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27617108	506	516	population	T098	C1257890
27617108	543	559	research methods	T062	C0086912
27617108	564	575	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27617108	576	589	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27617108	593	604	recruitment	T052	C2949735
27617108	606	615	retention	UnknownType	C0679857
27617108	621	633	intervention	T058	C0886296
27617108	665	668	RCT	T062	C0206035
27617108	688	732	technology-enhanced community-health nursing	T058	C0886296
27617108	734	740	TECH-N	T058	C0886296
27617108	742	754	intervention	T058	C0886296
27617108	767	770	AYA	T100	C0027362
27617108	776	779	PID	T047	C0242172
27617108	781	784	AYA	T100	C0027362
27617108	785	790	women	T098	C0043210
27617108	791	795	aged	T032	C0001779
27617108	802	807	years	T079	C1510829
27617108	813	822	recruited	T052	C2949735
27617108	830	839	acute PID	T047	C0149959
27617108	840	846	visits	T058	C1512346
27617108	850	868	outpatient clinics	T073,T093	C0002424
27617108	873	894	emergency departments	T073,T093	C0562508
27617108	896	898	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27617108	903	914	participate	T058	C0030699
27617108	923	935	IRB-approved	T170	C2346499
27617108	943	955	Participants	T098	C0679646
27617108	956	965	completed	T080	C0205197
27617108	969	1002	audio-computerized self-interview	T052	C0021822
27617108	1004	1009	ACASI	T052	C0021822
27617108	1021	1038	vaginal specimens	T024	C0586773
27617108	1049	1059	randomized	T062	C0034656
27617108	1063	1071	standard	T080	C1442989
27617108	1072	1081	treatment	T061	C0087111
27617108	1089	1101	intervention	T058	C0886296
27617108	1103	1115	Intervention	T058	C0886296
27617108	1116	1128	participants	T098	C0679646
27617108	1129	1137	received	T080	C1514756
27617108	1138	1152	text-messaging	T052	C3178908
27617108	1153	1160	support	T077	C1521721
27617108	1168	1172	days	T079	C0439228
27617108	1179	1223	community health nurse (CHN) interventionist	T097	C1522710
27617108	1224	1233	performed	T169	C0884358
27617108	1236	1271	home visit with clinical assessment	T058	C2046813
27617108	1281	1285	days	T079	C0439228
27617108	1292	1302	enrollment	T058	C1516879
27617108	1308	1316	patients	T101	C0030705
27617108	1333	1339	course	T079	C0750729
27617108	1343	1354	medications	T058	C1254363
27617108	1359	1368	completed	T080	C0205197
27617108	1378	1384	visits	T058	C0848616
27617108	1392	1396	days	T079	C0439228
27617108	1398	1407	adherence	T169	C1510802
27617108	1413	1417	days	T079	C0439228
27617108	1425	1429	days	T079	C0439228
27617108	1441	1456	outreach worker	T097	C0586969
27617108	1458	1461	STI	T047	C0036916
27617108	1462	1469	testing	T169	C0039593
27617108	1470	1479	performed	T169	C0884358
27617108	1498	1501	day	T079	C0439228
27617108	1502	1508	visits	T058	C1512346
27617108	1510	1530	Exploratory analyses	T062	C0936012
27617108	1537	1559	descriptive statistics	T062	C1710191
27617108	1586	1597	recruitment	T052	C2949735
27617108	1599	1608	retention	UnknownType	C0679857
27617108	1614	1623	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27617108	1624	1628	data	T078	C1511726
27617108	1649	1655	design	T052	C1707689
27617108	1663	1675	intervention	T058	C0886296
27617108	1693	1699	months	T079	C0439231
27617108	1712	1720	patients	T101	C0030705
27617108	1726	1734	eligible	T080	C1548635
27617108	1766	1774	eligible	T080	C1548635
27617108	1775	1783	patients	T101	C0030705
27617108	1789	1798	recruited	T052	C2949735
27617108	1837	1845	eligible	T080	C1548635
27617108	1846	1854	patients	T101	C0030705
27617108	1860	1868	enrolled	T058	C1516879
27617108	1875	1887	participants	T098	C0679646
27617108	1893	1909	African American	T098	C0085756
27617108	1925	1929	mean	T081	C0444504
27617108	1930	1933	age	T032	C0001779
27617108	1972	1983	individuals	T098	C0027361
27617108	2000	2019	TECH-N intervention	T058	C0886296
27617108	2020	2029	completed	T080	C0205197
27617108	2034	2048	nursing visits	T058	C0848616
27617108	2054	2063	completed	T080	C0205197
27617108	2064	2070	visits	T058	C0848616
27617108	2095	2098	day	T079	C0439228
27617108	2099	2105	window	T079	C1272706
27617108	2122	2130	patients	T101	C0030705
27617108	2154	2162	retained	T169	C0333118
27617108	2175	2180	month	T079	C0439231
27617108	2181	2190	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27617108	2191	2197	period	T079	C1948053
27617108	2199	2209	Biological	T080	C0205460
27617108	2210	2214	data	T078	C1511726
27617108	2226	2256	shift in the biological milieu	T070	C0001398
27617108	2282	2303	Chlamydia trachomatis	T047	C0518948
27617108	2305	2326	Mycoplasma genitalium	T047	C3854370
27617108	2332	2364	Trichomonas vaginalis infections	T047	C0040923
27617108	2366	2377	Preliminary	T079	C0439611
27617108	2378	2382	data	T078	C1511726
27617108	2392	2398	TECH-N	T058	C0886296
27617108	2423	2428	urban	T083	C0442529
27617108	2430	2440	low-income	T033	C1331016
27617108	2442	2450	minority	T098	C0026192
27617108	2451	2454	AYA	T100	C0027362
27617108	2460	2463	PID	T047	C0242172
27617108	2483	2492	recruited	T052	C2949735
27617108	2497	2505	retained	T169	C0333118
27617108	2509	2520	participate	T058	C0030699
27617108	2524	2530	sexual	T032	C2362326
27617108	2535	2554	reproductive health	T091	C0242667
27617108	2555	2559	RCTs	T062	C0206035
27617108	2565	2575	sufficient	T080	C0205410
27617108	2576	2586	investment	T073	C0021953
27617108	2594	2600	design	T052	C1707689
27617108	2605	2632	infrastructure of the study	T185	C1514880
27617108	2634	2643	Community	T096	C0009462
27617108	2651	2664	sexual health	T032	C2362326
27617108	2665	2678	interventions	T061	C0184661
27617108	2697	2705	feasible	T080	C0205556
27617108	2710	2720	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27617108	2729	2739	population	T098	C1257890

27617249|t|Is focused parathyroidectomy appropriate for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism?
27617249|a|The aim of this study was to determine whether focused or complete parathyroidectomy was more appropriate and to compare follow-up data in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We retrospectively analyzed 225 operations for PHPT at Yonsei University Health System between 2000 and 2012. After excluding 93 patients, the remaining 132 were divided into 2 groups: those who underwent focused parathyroidectomy (FP) and those who underwent conventional parathyroidectomy (CP). We compared clinicopathological features; preoperative calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), phosphorus, vitamin D, 24-hour urine calcium, and alkaline phosphatase levels; postoperative calcium and PTH levels; pathologic diagnosis; multiplicity; and results of a localization study between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in the rates of development of postoperative persistent hyperparathyroidism (1/122 FP patients and 1/10 CP patients) between the 2 groups due to a technical reason (FP 0.8% vs. CP 10.0%, P = 0.146). Multiglandular disease (MGD) was uncommon in all cases (6 of 132, 4.5%). All MGD cases were diagnosed using a preoperative localization study. Sestamibi scan and ultrasonography sensitivity were 94.2% and 90.2%, respectively. We suggest that FP is appropriate in PHPT, except in cases of MGD if detected before the operation using preoperative imaging. Knowledge of hereditary PHPT and improved preoperative localization studies, such as high-resolution ultrasonography, contributed to the decision to perform FP rather than CP in all cases of unilateral results of the localizing study.
27617249	3	28	focused parathyroidectomy	T061	C0079989
27617249	29	40	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27617249	45	53	patients	T101	C0030705
27617249	59	86	primary hyperparathyroidism	T047	C0221002
27617249	104	109	study	T062	C2603343
27617249	135	142	focused	T061	C0079989
27617249	146	172	complete parathyroidectomy	T061	C0193696
27617249	182	193	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27617249	201	208	compare	T052	C1707455
27617249	209	218	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27617249	219	223	data	T078	C1511726
27617249	227	254	primary hyperparathyroidism	T047	C0221002
27617249	256	260	PHPT	T047	C0221002
27617249	266	290	retrospectively analyzed	T062	C0035363
27617249	295	305	operations	T061	C0543467
27617249	310	314	PHPT	T047	C0221002
27617249	318	349	Yonsei University Health System	T093	C0018696
27617249	392	400	patients	T101	C0030705
27617249	425	432	divided	T169	C0332849
27617249	440	446	groups	T078	C0441833
27617249	468	493	focused parathyroidectomy	T061	C0079989
27617249	495	497	FP	T061	C0079989
27617249	523	553	conventional parathyroidectomy	T061	C0193696
27617249	555	557	CP	T061	C0193696
27617249	572	591	clinicopathological	T091	C0030667
27617249	592	600	features	T080	C2348519
27617249	602	614	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27617249	615	622	calcium	T059	C0201925
27617249	624	643	parathyroid hormone	T059	C0202159
27617249	645	648	PTH	T059	C0202159
27617249	651	661	phosphorus	T059	C0202178
27617249	663	672	vitamin D	T059	C0919758
27617249	674	695	24-hour urine calcium	T059	C0920095
27617249	701	728	alkaline phosphatase levels	T034	C0428332
27617249	730	743	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27617249	744	751	calcium	T059	C0201925
27617249	756	766	PTH levels	T059	C0202159
27617249	768	788	pathologic diagnosis	T169	C0332142
27617249	790	802	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27617249	808	815	results	T169	C1274040
27617249	821	839	localization study	T062	C2603343
27617249	854	860	groups	T078	C0441833
27617249	872	897	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
27617249	905	910	rates	T081	C1521828
27617249	914	925	development	T169	C1527148
27617249	929	942	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27617249	943	953	persistent	T079	C0205322
27617249	954	973	hyperparathyroidism	T047	C0020502
27617249	981	983	FP	T061	C0079989
27617249	984	992	patients	T101	C0030705
27617249	1002	1004	CP	T061	C0193696
27617249	1005	1013	patients	T101	C0030705
27617249	1029	1035	groups	T078	C0441833
27617249	1045	1061	technical reason	T078	C0392360
27617249	1063	1065	FP	T061	C0079989
27617249	1075	1077	CP	T061	C0193696
27617249	1097	1119	Multiglandular disease	T047	C0154222
27617249	1121	1124	MGD	T047	C0154222
27617249	1130	1138	uncommon	T080	C0522498
27617249	1146	1151	cases	T169	C0868928
27617249	1174	1177	MGD	T047	C0154222
27617249	1178	1183	cases	T169	C0868928
27617249	1189	1198	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27617249	1207	1219	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27617249	1220	1232	localization	T169	C0475264
27617249	1233	1238	study	T062	C2603343
27617249	1240	1254	Sestamibi scan	T060	C1519274
27617249	1259	1274	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27617249	1275	1286	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27617249	1339	1341	FP	T061	C0079989
27617249	1345	1356	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27617249	1360	1364	PHPT	T047	C0221002
27617249	1376	1381	cases	T169	C0868928
27617249	1385	1388	MGD	T047	C0154222
27617249	1392	1400	detected	T033	C0442726
27617249	1412	1421	operation	T061	C0543467
27617249	1428	1440	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27617249	1441	1448	imaging	T060	C0011923
27617249	1463	1473	hereditary	T169	C0439660
27617249	1474	1478	PHPT	T047	C0221002
27617249	1483	1491	improved	T033	C0184511
27617249	1492	1504	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27617249	1505	1517	localization	T169	C0475264
27617249	1518	1525	studies	T062	C2603343
27617249	1535	1566	high-resolution ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27617249	1607	1609	FP	T061	C0079989
27617249	1622	1624	CP	T061	C0193696
27617249	1632	1637	cases	T169	C0868928
27617249	1641	1651	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27617249	1652	1659	results	T169	C1274040
27617249	1667	1683	localizing study	T062	C2603343

27617315|t|Extended use of Prostate Health Index and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen in Chinese men with prostate specific antigen 10-20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination
27617315|a|We investigated the extended use of Prostate Health Index (PHI) and percentage of [-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen (%p2PSA) in Chinese men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 10-20 ng/mL and normal digital rectal examination (DRE). All consecutive Chinese men with PSA 10-20 ng/mL and normal DRE who agreed for transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided 10-core prostate biopsy were recruited. Blood samples were taken immediately before TRUS -guided prostate biopsy. The performances of total PSA (tPSA), % free-to-total PSA (% fPSA), %p2PSA, and PHI were compared using logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic, and decision curve analyses (DCA). From 2008 to 2015, 312 consecutive Chinese men were included. Among them, 53 out of 312 (17.0%) men were diagnosed to have prostate cancer on biopsy. The proportions of men with positive biopsies were 6.7% in PHI <35, 22.8% in PHI 35-55, and 54.5% in PHI >55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). The area under curves (AUC) of the base model including age, tPSA and status of initial/repeated biopsy was 0.64. Adding %p2PSA and PHI to the base model improved the AUC to 0.79 (p<0.001) and 0.78 (p<0.001), respectively, and provided net clinical benefit in DCA. The positive biopsy rates of Gleason 7 or above prostate cancers were 2.2% for PHI <35, 7.9% for PHI 35-55, and 36.4% for PHI >55 (chi-square test, p<0.001). By utilizing the PHI cutoff of 35 to men with PSA 10-20 ng/mL and normal DRE, 57.1% (178 of 312) biopsies could be avoided. Both PHI and %p2PSA performed well in predicting prostate cancer and high grade prostate cancer. The use of PHI and %p2PSA should be extended to Chinese men with PSA 10-20 ng/mL and normal DRE.
27617315	16	37	Prostate Health Index	T059	C4084801
27617315	56	89	[-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen	T116,T123	C3710767
27617315	93	100	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27617315	101	104	men	T098	C0025266
27617315	110	135	prostate specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27617315	152	158	normal	T080	C0205307
27617315	159	185	digital rectal examination	T060	C1384593
27617315	222	243	Prostate Health Index	T059	C4084801
27617315	245	248	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	268	301	[-2]pro-prostate-specific antigen	T116,T123	C3710767
27617315	303	309	%p2PSA	T116,T123	C3710767
27617315	314	321	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27617315	322	325	men	T098	C0025266
27617315	331	356	prostate-specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27617315	358	361	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27617315	379	385	normal	T080	C0205307
27617315	386	412	digital rectal examination	T060	C1384593
27617315	414	417	DRE	T060	C1384593
27617315	436	443	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27617315	444	447	men	T098	C0025266
27617315	453	456	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27617315	473	479	normal	T080	C0205307
27617315	480	483	DRE	T060	C1384593
27617315	499	521	transrectal ultrasound	T060	C0373345
27617315	523	527	TRUS	T060	C0373345
27617315	544	559	prostate biopsy	T060	C0194804
27617315	576	589	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
27617315	620	624	TRUS	T060	C0373345
27617315	633	648	prostate biopsy	T060	C0194804
27617315	670	679	total PSA	T059	C2986589
27617315	681	685	tPSA	T059	C2986589
27617315	690	707	free-to-total PSA	T059	C2207083
27617315	711	715	fPSA	T059	C2207083
27617315	718	724	%p2PSA	T116,T123	C3710767
27617315	730	733	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	754	773	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27617315	775	808	receiver operating characteristic	T081	C0034772
27617315	814	837	decision curve analyses	T062	C0936012
27617315	839	842	DCA	T062	C0936012
27617315	880	887	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27617315	888	891	men	T098	C0025266
27617315	941	944	men	T098	C0025266
27617315	950	959	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27617315	968	983	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27617315	987	993	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27617315	1014	1017	men	T098	C0025266
27617315	1023	1040	positive biopsies	T033	C1514241
27617315	1032	1040	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27617315	1054	1057	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	1072	1075	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	1096	1099	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	1105	1120	chi-square test	T170	C0008041
27617315	1136	1153	area under curves	T081	C0376690
27617315	1155	1158	AUC	T081	C0376690
27617315	1167	1177	base model	T170	C3161035
27617315	1188	1191	age	T032	C0001779
27617315	1193	1197	tPSA	T059	C2986589
27617315	1229	1235	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27617315	1253	1259	%p2PSA	T116,T123	C3710767
27617315	1264	1267	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	1275	1285	base model	T170	C3161035
27617315	1286	1294	improved	T033	C0184511
27617315	1299	1302	AUC	T081	C0376690
27617315	1392	1395	DCA	T062	C0936012
27617315	1401	1416	positive biopsy	T033	C1514241
27617315	1410	1416	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27617315	1426	1444	Gleason 7 or above	T185	C0332326
27617315	1445	1461	prostate cancers	T191	C0376358
27617315	1476	1479	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	1494	1497	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	1519	1522	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	1528	1543	chi-square test	T170	C0008041
27617315	1572	1575	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	1592	1595	men	T098	C0025266
27617315	1601	1604	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27617315	1621	1627	normal	T080	C0205307
27617315	1628	1631	DRE	T060	C1384593
27617315	1652	1660	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27617315	1670	1677	avoided	T078	C1554079
27617315	1684	1687	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	1692	1698	%p2PSA	T116,T123	C3710767
27617315	1728	1743	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27617315	1748	1774	high grade prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27617315	1787	1790	PHI	T059	C4084801
27617315	1795	1801	%p2PSA	T116,T123	C3710767
27617315	1824	1831	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27617315	1832	1835	men	T098	C0025266
27617315	1861	1867	normal	T080	C0205307
27617315	1868	1871	DRE	T060	C1384593

27617383|t|Presurgical Nasoalveolar Molding Therapy Using Figueroa's NAM Technique in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Preliminary Study
27617383|a|The objective of the study was to evaluate the results of nasoalveolar molding (NAM) in the treatment of patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate using a modified technique in a South Indian population. The design was a prospective study with blinded measurements. The sample constituted 10 complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients who underwent NAM therapy by the same operator. Direct extra and intra oral anthropometric measurements were done using a digital vernier caliper before and after NAM therapy. A photographic evaluation was also done to rate the nasal deformity post NAM therapy. The differences between measurements were statistically analyzed using paired t tests. The extra oral measurements revealed a statistically significant increase in bi-alar width, columellar length and width. The intraoral measurements demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in anterior alveolar cleft width. There was also a significant increase in arch width and greater and lesser segments length. All cases were rated as improved by the surgeons in photographic analysis. The study has quantitatively shown that the modified NAM therapy improved nasal asymmetry by columellar lengthening and effectively molded the maxillary alveolar arch.
27617383	0	11	Presurgical	T079	C1254367
27617383	12	40	Nasoalveolar Molding Therapy	T061	C0087111
27617383	47	61	Figueroa's NAM	T074	C0025080
27617383	62	71	Technique	T169	C0449851
27617383	75	106	Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate	T019	C3649693
27617383	107	115	Patients	T101	C0030705
27617383	119	130	Preliminary	T079	C0439611
27617383	131	136	Study	T062	C2603343
27617383	158	163	study	T062	C2603343
27617383	195	215	nasoalveolar molding	T061	C0087111
27617383	217	220	NAM	T061	C0087111
27617383	229	238	treatment	T061	C0087111
27617383	242	250	patients	T101	C0030705
27617383	256	287	unilateral cleft lip and palate	T019	C3649693
27617383	296	314	modified technique	T169	C0449851
27617383	320	343	South Indian population	T098	C1524069
27617383	362	379	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27617383	385	405	blinded measurements	T062	C0681814
27617383	433	441	complete	T080	C0205197
27617383	442	473	unilateral cleft lip and palate	T019	C3649693
27617383	475	479	UCLP	T019	C3649693
27617383	481	489	patients	T101	C0030705
27617383	504	515	NAM therapy	T061	C0087111
27617383	528	536	operator	T097	C0582175
27617383	545	550	extra	T081	C0815129
27617383	555	593	intra oral anthropometric measurements	T081	C0815129
27617383	612	635	digital vernier caliper	T074	C2363628
27617383	653	664	NAM therapy	T061	C0087111
27617383	668	680	photographic	T073	C0441468
27617383	681	691	evaluation	T062	C0936012
27617383	709	713	rate	T052	C0871208
27617383	718	733	nasal deformity	T033	C0240547
27617383	734	738	post	T079	C0687676
27617383	739	750	NAM therapy	T061	C0087111
27617383	776	788	measurements	T081	C0815129
27617383	794	816	statistically analyzed	T062	C0871424
27617383	823	837	paired t tests	T170	C0871472
27617383	843	866	extra oral measurements	T081	C0815129
27617383	878	903	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27617383	916	929	bi-alar width	T029	C4240841
27617383	931	941	columellar	T029	C0005898
27617383	942	948	length	T081	C1444754
27617383	953	958	width	T081	C0487742
27617383	964	986	intraoral measurements	T081	C0815129
27617383	1002	1027	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27617383	1041	1064	anterior alveolar cleft	T029	C0005898
27617383	1065	1070	width	T081	C0487742
27617383	1113	1117	arch	T023	C0222744
27617383	1118	1123	width	T081	C0487742
27617383	1147	1162	segments length	T081	C1444754
27617383	1179	1184	rated	T052	C0871208
27617383	1204	1212	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27617383	1216	1228	photographic	T073	C0441468
27617383	1229	1237	analysis	T062	C0936012
27617383	1243	1248	study	T062	C2603343
27617383	1253	1267	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
27617383	1283	1303	modified NAM therapy	T061	C0087111
27617383	1304	1312	improved	T033	C0184511
27617383	1313	1328	nasal asymmetry	T033	C0240547
27617383	1332	1342	columellar	T029	C0005898
27617383	1343	1354	lengthening	T061	C0441592
27617383	1382	1405	maxillary alveolar arch	T023	C0222744

27617793|t|Sensitive determination of THC and main metabolites in human plasma by means of microextraction in packed sorbent and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
27617793|a|Cannabis is one of the most available and consumed illicit drug in the world and its identification and quantification in biological specimens can be a challenge given its low concentrations in body fluids. The present work describes a fast and fully validated procedure for the simultaneous detection and quantification of ▵(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (▵(9_)THC) and its two main metabolites 11-hydroxy ▵(9_)tetrahydrocannabinol (11-OH-THC) and 11-nor-9-carboxy-▵(9)- tetrahydrocannbinol (THC-COOH) in plasma samples using microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). A small plasma volume (0.25mL) pre-diluted (1:20), was extracted with MEPS M1 sorbent as follows: conditioning (4 cycles of 250μL methanol and 4 cycles of 250μL 0.1% formic acid in water); sample load (26 cycles of 250μL); wash (100μL of 3% acetic acid in water followed by 100μL 5% methanol in water); and elution (6 cycles of 100μL of 10% ammonium hydroxide in methanol). The procedure allowed the quantification of all analytes in the range of 0.1-30ng/mL. Recoveries ranged from 53 to 78% (THC), 57 to 66% (11-OH-THC) and 62 to 65% (THC-COOH), allowing the limits of detection and quantification to be set at 0.1ng/mL for all compounds. Intra-day precision and accuracy revealed coefficients of variation (CVs) lower than 10% at the studied concentrations, with a mean relative error within±9%, while inter-day precision and accuracy showed CVs lower than 15% for all analytes at the tested concentrations, with an inaccuracy within±8%.
27617793	0	23	Sensitive determination	T059	C1148554
27617793	27	30	THC	T109,T121	C0039663
27617793	40	51	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27617793	55	67	human plasma	T031	C0032105
27617793	80	113	microextraction in packed sorbent	T059	C0022885
27617793	118	161	gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4054903
27617793	162	170	Cannabis	T109,T121	C0678449
27617793	213	225	illicit drug	T131	C0086190
27617793	233	238	world	T098	C2700280
27617793	247	261	identification	T080	C0205396
27617793	266	280	quantification	T081	C1709793
27617793	284	304	biological specimens	T167	C0370003
27617793	334	352	low concentrations	T081	C0392762
27617793	356	367	body fluids	T031	C0005889
27617793	407	432	fully validated procedure	T169	C2700391
27617793	441	453	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27617793	454	463	detection	T061	C1511790
27617793	468	482	quantification	T081	C1709793
27617793	486	511	▵(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol	T109,T121	C0039663
27617793	513	521	▵(9_)THC	T109,T121	C0039663
27617793	540	551	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27617793	552	588	11-hydroxy ▵(9_)tetrahydrocannabinol	T109,T121	C0044747
27617793	590	599	11-OH-THC	T109,T121	C0044747
27617793	605	647	11-nor-9-carboxy-▵(9)- tetrahydrocannbinol	T109	C0090159
27617793	649	657	THC-COOH	T109	C0090159
27617793	662	676	plasma samples	T031	C0444263
27617793	683	716	microextraction by packed sorbent	T059	C0022885
27617793	718	722	MEPS	T059	C0022885
27617793	728	771	gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4054903
27617793	773	781	GC-MS/MS	T059	C4054903
27617793	786	805	small plasma volume	T201	C0032127
27617793	854	858	MEPS	T059	C0022885
27617793	859	869	M1 sorbent	T167	C0439861
27617793	914	922	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27617793	950	961	formic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0016576
27617793	965	970	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27617793	1025	1036	acetic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27617793	1040	1045	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27617793	1067	1075	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27617793	1079	1084	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27617793	1091	1098	elution	T059	C1441565
27617793	1125	1143	ammonium hydroxide	T121,T197	C0051719
27617793	1147	1155	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27617793	1162	1171	procedure	T169	C2700391
27617793	1184	1198	quantification	T081	C1709793
27617793	1206	1214	analytes	T167	C0443354
27617793	1278	1281	THC	T109,T121	C0039663
27617793	1295	1304	11-OH-THC	T109,T121	C0044747
27617793	1321	1329	THC-COOH	T109	C0090159
27617793	1355	1364	detection	T061	C1511790
27617793	1369	1383	quantification	T081	C1709793
27617793	1425	1444	Intra-day precision	T080	C1706245
27617793	1449	1457	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27617793	1467	1492	coefficients of variation	T081	C0681921
27617793	1494	1497	CVs	T081	C0681921
27617793	1521	1543	studied concentrations	T081	C0392762
27617793	1552	1571	mean relative error	T081	C0392762
27617793	1589	1608	inter-day precision	T080	C1706245
27617793	1613	1621	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27617793	1629	1632	CVs	T081	C0681921
27617793	1656	1664	analytes	T167	C0443354
27617793	1672	1693	tested concentrations	T081	C0392762
27617793	1703	1713	inaccuracy	T080	C0443236

27618138|t|Acute Complicated Sinusitis: Ten Years Experience from the University Hospital of the West Indies
27618138|a|Complicated sinusitis is rare. It might not be identified early and might expose the patient to an unfavourable outcome. There is a paucity of data regarding this condition in the Caribbean. This study was undertaken to describe the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients admitted with this condition. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients admitted to the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI) with complicated sinusitis between 1999 to 2011. The data was analysed using SPSS statistics 22 software. There were 30 patients (23 males and 7 females). The mean (SD) age was 19 (13.96) years. Twenty-two had orbital complications, two had intracranial complications and one had both. The most common organisms isolated were streptococcus and the most common sensitivity was to amoxicillin and clavulinic acid. Sixteen patients who had an external surgical approach had a mean (SD) hospital stay of 8.8 (3.71) days compared to three patients who had a purely endoscopic approach who had a mean (SD) hospital stay of 7.67 (0.577) days. There was no statistical difference in mean hospital stay between these two groups (95% CI,-3.49-5.78; p = 0.609). The mean duration of hospital stay for those treated medically was six days versus ten days for the surgical group. The mean difference was three days (95% CI, 0.193-6.595; p = 0.039). Acute complicated sinusitis is seen more commonly in adolescent males. The most common complication was orbital. Surgical treatment is indicated for those patients who fail medical management and should consist of an endoscopic approach which may be combined with open approaches if indicated.
27618138	0	27	Acute Complicated Sinusitis	T047	C0149512
27618138	33	38	Years	T079	C0439234
27618138	39	49	Experience	T041	C0596545
27618138	59	78	University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
27618138	86	97	West Indies	T083	C0043122
27618138	98	119	Complicated sinusitis	T047	C0149512
27618138	123	127	rare	T047	C0678236
27618138	183	190	patient	T101	C0030705
27618138	197	217	unfavourable outcome	T169	C1274040
27618138	241	245	data	T078	C1511726
27618138	261	270	condition	T047	C0012634
27618138	278	287	Caribbean	T083	C0043122
27618138	294	299	study	T062	C2603343
27618138	331	355	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27618138	360	378	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
27618138	382	390	patients	T101	C0030705
27618138	391	399	admitted	T058	C0184666
27618138	410	419	condition	T047	C0012634
27618138	423	436	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27618138	437	449	chart review	UnknownType	C0553620
27618138	467	475	patients	T101	C0030705
27618138	476	484	admitted	T058	C0184666
27618138	492	530	University Hospital of the West Indies	T073,T093	C0020028
27618138	532	536	UHWI	T073,T093	C0020028
27618138	543	564	complicated sinusitis	T047	C0149512
27618138	591	595	data	T078	C1511726
27618138	600	608	analysed	T062	C0936012
27618138	615	642	SPSS statistics 22 software	T170	C0600673
27618138	658	666	patients	T101	C0030705
27618138	671	676	males	T032	C0086582
27618138	683	690	females	T032	C0086287
27618138	697	701	mean	T081	C0444504
27618138	703	705	SD	T081	C0871420
27618138	707	710	age	T032	C0001779
27618138	726	731	years	T079	C1510829
27618138	748	755	orbital	T030	C0029180
27618138	756	769	complications	T046	C0009566
27618138	779	791	intracranial	T029	C0524466
27618138	792	805	complications	T046	C0009566
27618138	833	839	common	T081	C0205214
27618138	840	849	organisms	T001	C0029235
27618138	850	858	isolated	T169	C0205409
27618138	864	877	streptococcus	T007	C0038402
27618138	891	897	common	T081	C0205214
27618138	898	909	sensitivity	T032	C0237865
27618138	917	928	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
27618138	933	948	clavulinic acid	T109,T195	C0055860
27618138	958	966	patients	T101	C0030705
27618138	978	986	external	T082	C0205101
27618138	987	1004	surgical approach	T169	C0449446
27618138	1011	1015	mean	T081	C0444504
27618138	1017	1019	SD	T081	C0871420
27618138	1021	1034	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
27618138	1049	1053	days	T079	C0439228
27618138	1072	1080	patients	T101	C0030705
27618138	1098	1117	endoscopic approach	T082	C0442418
27618138	1128	1132	mean	T081	C0444504
27618138	1134	1136	SD	T081	C0871420
27618138	1138	1151	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
27618138	1168	1172	days	T079	C0439228
27618138	1184	1186	no	T033	C0205160
27618138	1187	1209	statistical difference	T081	C1705241
27618138	1213	1217	mean	T081	C0444504
27618138	1218	1231	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
27618138	1250	1256	groups	T078	C0441833
27618138	1293	1297	mean	T081	C0444504
27618138	1298	1306	duration	T079	C0449238
27618138	1310	1323	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
27618138	1334	1351	treated medically	T058	C0237726
27618138	1360	1364	days	T079	C0439228
27618138	1376	1380	days	T079	C0439228
27618138	1389	1397	surgical	T169	C0449446
27618138	1398	1403	group	T078	C0441833
27618138	1409	1413	mean	T081	C0444504
27618138	1414	1424	difference	T081	C1705241
27618138	1435	1439	days	T079	C0439228
27618138	1474	1501	Acute complicated sinusitis	T047	C0149512
27618138	1515	1523	commonly	T081	C0205214
27618138	1527	1543	adolescent males	T100	C0001589
27618138	1554	1560	common	T081	C0205214
27618138	1561	1573	complication	T046	C0009566
27618138	1578	1585	orbital	T030	C0029180
27618138	1587	1605	Surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
27618138	1629	1637	patients	T101	C0030705
27618138	1642	1646	fail	T169	C0231175
27618138	1647	1654	medical	T169	C0205476
27618138	1655	1665	management	T057	C1273870
27618138	1691	1710	endoscopic approach	T082	C0442418

27618157|t|Immobilization of Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens on Porous Polyurea and Its Application in Kinetic Resolution of Racemic 1-Phenylethanol
27618157|a|A porous polyurea (PPU) was prepared through a simple protocol by reacting toluene diisocyanate with water in binary solvent of water - acetone. Its amine group was determined through spectrophotometric absorbance based on its iminization with p-nitrobenzaldehyde amines. PPU was then used as a novel polymer support for enzyme immobilization, through activation by glutaraldehyde followed by immobilization of an enzyme, lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens (PFL), via covalent bonding with the amine groups of lipase molecules. Influences of glutaraldehyde and enzyme concentration and pH in the process were studied. The results revealed that the activity of the immobilized PFL reached a maximum at GA concentration of 0.17 mol/L and at pH 8. Immobilization rate of 60% or higher for PFL was obtained under optimized condition with an enzyme activity of 283 U/mg. The porous structure of PPU, prior to and after GA activation and PFL immobilization, was characterized. The activity of the immobilized PFL at different temperature and pH and its stability at 40 °C as well as its reusability were tested. The immobilized enzyme was finally used as enantioselective catalyst in kinetic resolution of racemic 1- ph enylethanol (1-PEOH), and its performance compared with the free PFL. The results demonstrate that the enzyme activity and stability were greatly improved for the immobilized PFL, and highly pure enantiomers from racemic 1-PEOH were effectively achieved using the immobilized PFL. Noticeable deactivation of PFL in the resolution was observed by acetaldehyde in situ formed. In addition, the immobilized PFL was readily recovered from the reaction system for reuse. A total of 73% of the initial activity was retained after 5 repeated reuse cycles. This work provides a novel route to preparation of a polyurea porous material and its enzyme immobilization, leading to a novel type of immobilized enzyme for efficient kinetic resolution of racemic molecules.
27618157	0	14	Immobilization	T033	C0231441
27618157	18	24	Lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	30	53	Pseudomonas fluorescens	T007	C0033811
27618157	57	72	Porous Polyurea	T109	C0071695
27618157	81	92	Application	T169	C4048755
27618157	96	114	Kinetic Resolution	T059	C1441514
27618157	118	125	Racemic	T167	C3641126
27618157	126	141	1-Phenylethanol	T109	C0066419
27618157	144	159	porous polyurea	T109	C0071695
27618157	161	164	PPU	T109	C0071695
27618157	170	178	prepared	T033	C4082130
27618157	196	204	protocol	T170	C0442711
27618157	217	237	toluene diisocyanate	T109,T131	C0205976
27618157	243	248	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27618157	252	266	binary solvent	T130	C0037638
27618157	270	275	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27618157	278	285	acetone	T109,T121	C0001002
27618157	291	302	amine group	T109	C1879694
27618157	326	344	spectrophotometric	T059	C0037805
27618157	345	355	absorbance	T081	C1547008
27618157	369	380	iminization	T070	C1254365
27618157	386	412	p-nitrobenzaldehyde amines	T109	C0029224
27618157	414	417	PPU	T109	C0071695
27618157	437	442	novel	T080	C0205314
27618157	443	458	polymer support	T120	C1254355
27618157	463	469	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27618157	470	484	immobilization	T033	C0231441
27618157	494	504	activation	T052	C1879547
27618157	508	522	glutaraldehyde	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27618157	535	549	immobilization	T033	C0231441
27618157	556	562	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27618157	564	570	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	576	599	Pseudomonas fluorescens	T007	C0033811
27618157	601	604	PFL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	611	627	covalent bonding	T070	C1254365
27618157	637	649	amine groups	T109	C1879694
27618157	653	669	lipase molecules	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	685	699	glutaraldehyde	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27618157	704	710	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27618157	711	724	concentration	T081	C1446561
27618157	729	731	pH	T081	C0020283
27618157	729	731	pH	T081	C0020283
27618157	739	746	process	T067	C1522240
27618157	765	772	results	T034	C0456984
27618157	791	799	activity	T044	C0243102
27618157	807	818	immobilized	T033	C0231441
27618157	819	822	PFL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	844	846	GA	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27618157	847	860	concentration	T081	C1446561
27618157	882	884	pH	T081	C0020283
27618157	888	902	Immobilization	T033	C0231441
27618157	929	932	PFL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	952	961	optimized	T080	C2698651
27618157	980	995	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
27618157	1013	1029	porous structure	T080	C0080037
27618157	1033	1036	PPU	T109	C0071695
27618157	1057	1059	GA	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27618157	1060	1070	activation	T052	C1879547
27618157	1075	1078	PFL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	1079	1093	immobilization	T033	C0231441
27618157	1118	1126	activity	T044	C0243102
27618157	1134	1145	immobilized	T033	C0231441
27618157	1146	1149	PFL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	1163	1174	temperature	T081	C0039476
27618157	1179	1181	pH	T081	C0020283
27618157	1190	1199	stability	T044	C0014439
27618157	1224	1235	reusability	T033	C3841253
27618157	1253	1264	immobilized	T033	C0231441
27618157	1265	1271	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27618157	1292	1317	enantioselective catalyst	T067	C0175921
27618157	1321	1339	kinetic resolution	T059	C1441514
27618157	1343	1350	racemic	T167	C3641126
27618157	1351	1368	1- ph enylethanol	T109	C0066419
27618157	1354	1356	ph	T081	C0020283
27618157	1370	1376	1-PEOH	T109	C0066419
27618157	1422	1425	PFL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	1460	1475	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
27618157	1480	1489	stability	T044	C0014439
27618157	1520	1531	immobilized	T033	C0231441
27618157	1532	1535	PFL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	1553	1564	enantiomers	T104	C0599473
27618157	1570	1577	racemic	T167	C3641126
27618157	1578	1584	1-PEOH	T109	C0066419
27618157	1621	1632	immobilized	T033	C0231441
27618157	1633	1636	PFL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	1665	1668	PFL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	1676	1686	resolution	T059	C1441514
27618157	1703	1715	acetaldehyde	T109	C0000966
27618157	1716	1723	in situ	T082	C0444498
27618157	1749	1760	immobilized	T033	C0231441
27618157	1761	1764	PFL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27618157	1777	1786	recovered	T033	C1709863
27618157	1796	1804	reaction	T169	C0443286
27618157	1816	1821	reuse	T033	C3841253
27618157	1853	1861	activity	T044	C0243102
27618157	1866	1874	retained	T169	C0333118
27618157	1883	1891	repeated	T169	C0205341
27618157	1892	1897	reuse	T033	C3841253
27618157	1898	1904	cycles	T079	C0001289
27618157	1927	1932	novel	T080	C0205314
27618157	1942	1953	preparation	T052	C1521827
27618157	1959	1983	polyurea porous material	T109	C0071695
27618157	1992	1998	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27618157	1999	2013	immobilization	T033	C0231441
27618157	2028	2033	novel	T080	C0205314
27618157	2042	2053	immobilized	T033	C0231441
27618157	2054	2060	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27618157	2075	2093	kinetic resolution	T059	C1441514
27618157	2097	2114	racemic molecules	T167	C3641126

27618260|t|From therapeutic antibodies to chimeric antigen receptors (CARs): making better CARs based on antigen - binding domain
27618260|a|A variety of approaches are being pursued to improve the safety and antitumor potency of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. However, most engineering efforts have thus far been focused on its intracellular signaling domain, while its extracellular antigen - binding domain has received less attention. Areas covered: Herein, the authors summarize the current knowledge of CAR T-cell therapy. Accordingly, they focus on its antigen - binding domain, discuss key considerations for selecting an optimal single-chain variable fragment (scFv) when designing a CAR, and suggest potential directions aimed at developing the next-generation CARs. Expert opinion: The extracellular region of CARs can play a decisive role in their safety and efficacy. Instead of directly translating an available therapeutic mAb to a scFv-based CAR construct, the authors suggest that various CAR - displayed scFvs with different affinity, specificity and binding epitopes against an individual target molecule should be generated and evaluated side-by-side. Incorporating new antibody formats that possess characteristics superior to those of scFvs may be one way to engineer safer and more effective CARs. The authors expect that further CAR engineering will enable us to target more antigens involved in hematological and solid malignancies with minimal side effects to serve unmet clinical needs.
27618260	5	16	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27618260	17	27	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27618260	31	57	chimeric antigen receptors	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27618260	59	63	CARs	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27618260	73	79	better	T080	C0332272
27618260	80	84	CARs	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27618260	94	101	antigen	T129	C0003320
27618260	104	118	binding domain	T087	C1514535
27618260	164	171	improve	T033	C0184511
27618260	176	182	safety	T068	C0036043
27618260	187	204	antitumor potency	T033	C0243095
27618260	208	254	chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy	T061	C4289797
27618260	270	289	engineering efforts	T059,T063	C0033629
27618260	324	337	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27618260	338	354	signaling domain	T087	C0002518
27618260	366	379	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27618260	380	387	antigen	T129	C0003320
27618260	390	404	binding domain	T087	C1514535
27618260	461	468	authors	T097	C3812881
27618260	483	500	current knowledge	T170	C0376554
27618260	504	522	CAR T-cell therapy	T061	C4289797
27618260	555	562	antigen	T129	C0003320
27618260	565	579	binding domain	T087	C1514535
27618260	589	607	key considerations	T033	C0518609
27618260	612	621	selecting	T052	C1707391
27618260	625	632	optimal	T080	C2698651
27618260	633	663	single-chain variable fragment	T129	C1883036
27618260	665	669	scFv	T129	C1883036
27618260	676	685	designing	T052	C1707689
27618260	688	691	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27618260	705	714	potential	T080	C3245505
27618260	715	725	directions	T082	C0439755
27618260	735	745	developing	T169	C1527148
27618260	750	765	next-generation	T078	C1136186
27618260	766	770	CARs	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27618260	792	812	extracellular region	T026	C0521119
27618260	816	820	CARs	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27618260	855	861	safety	T068	C0036043
27618260	866	874	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27618260	896	907	translating	T169	C0205245
27618260	911	920	available	T169	C0470187
27618260	921	932	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27618260	933	936	mAb	T116,T129	C0003250
27618260	942	952	scFv-based	T129	C1883036
27618260	953	956	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27618260	972	979	authors	T097	C3812881
27618260	1001	1004	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27618260	1007	1016	displayed	T169	C0870432
27618260	1017	1022	scFvs	T129	C1883036
27618260	1028	1037	different	T080	C1705242
27618260	1038	1046	affinity	T070	C1510827
27618260	1048	1059	specificity	T070	C0003317
27618260	1064	1071	binding	T044	C1167622
27618260	1072	1080	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27618260	1081	1088	against	T080	C0521124
27618260	1092	1102	individual	T081	C0392762
27618260	1103	1109	target	T169	C1521840
27618260	1110	1118	molecule	T167	C0567416
27618260	1129	1138	generated	T052	C3146294
27618260	1143	1152	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27618260	1167	1180	Incorporating	T169	C0243126
27618260	1181	1184	new	T080	C0205314
27618260	1185	1201	antibody formats	T116,T129	C0003241
27618260	1207	1214	possess	T078	C3154893
27618260	1215	1230	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27618260	1231	1239	superior	T082	C1282910
27618260	1252	1257	scFvs	T129	C1883036
27618260	1276	1284	engineer	T169	C0205245
27618260	1285	1290	safer	T068	C0036043
27618260	1300	1309	effective	T080	C1704419
27618260	1310	1314	CARs	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27618260	1320	1327	authors	T097	C3812881
27618260	1348	1351	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
27618260	1352	1363	engineering	T059,T063	C0033629
27618260	1382	1388	target	T169	C1521840
27618260	1394	1402	antigens	T129	C0003320
27618260	1403	1411	involved	T169	C1314939
27618260	1415	1428	hematological	T191	C0376545
27618260	1433	1451	solid malignancies	T191	C0006826
27618260	1457	1464	minimal	T080	C1524031
27618260	1465	1477	side effects	T046	C0879626
27618260	1487	1507	unmet clinical needs	T033	C4061640

27618365|t|Phenolic profile, antioxidant capacity of five Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Willd provenances and their allelopathic effects on Trigonella foenum-graecum L. and Lens culinaris L. seeds
27618365|a|The aim of this work was to evaluate some secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity of methanolic leaf extracts of five Ziziphus spina-christi provenances (INRGREF, Tozeur, Degueche, Nafta and Kebelli) and their allelopathic effects on Trigonella foenum-graecum and Lens culinaris. Leaves were collected during 2013 and 2014. Total phenols, flavonoids, tannins and antioxidant activity were evaluated using the Folin ciocalteux, Aluminum trichloride, vanillin and scavenging activity on 22-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical methods, respectively. Total phenols, tannins and flavonoids were present, at levels of 57.41 mg GAE/g DW, 31.98 mg RE/g DW and 14.68 μg CE/g DW, respectively. The high antioxidant activity (0.086 μg/mL) was noted in kebelli provenance (2013). The highest germination, plumule and radicle lengths of tested species were observed in INRGREF provenance. Z. spina-christi leaf extracts may be suggested in foods and pharmaceutical industries. Leaf extracts could also provide a natural herbicide with a positive impact on the environment.
27618365	0	16	Phenolic profile	T169	C2003903
27618365	18	38	antioxidant capacity	T044	C1148564
27618365	47	74	Ziziphus spina-christi (L.)	T002	C1500226
27618365	75	92	Willd provenances	T077	C1709753
27618365	103	123	allelopathic effects	T070	C3658358
27618365	127	155	Trigonella foenum-graecum L.	T002	C0060207
27618365	160	177	Lens culinaris L.	T002	C1261252
27618365	178	183	seeds	T002	C0036563
27618365	226	247	secondary metabolites	T123	C0870883
27618365	249	269	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
27618365	284	288	leaf	T002	C0242724
27618365	289	297	extracts	T123	C0032081
27618365	306	328	Ziziphus spina-christi	T002	C1500226
27618365	329	340	provenances	T077	C1709753
27618365	342	349	INRGREF	T092	C0035172
27618365	351	357	Tozeur	T083	C0017446
27618365	359	367	Degueche	T083	C0017446
27618365	369	374	Nafta	T083	C0017446
27618365	379	386	Kebelli	T083	C0017446
27618365	398	418	allelopathic effects	T070	C3658358
27618365	422	447	Trigonella foenum-graecum	T002	C0060207
27618365	452	466	Lens culinaris	T002	C1261252
27618365	468	474	Leaves	T002	C0242724
27618365	518	525	phenols	T109,T121	C0031428
27618365	527	537	flavonoids	T109	C0596577
27618365	539	546	tannins	T109,T121,T130	C1456509
27618365	551	571	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
27618365	597	613	Folin ciocalteux	T130,T197	C0118075
27618365	615	635	Aluminum trichloride	T121,T197	C0102840
27618365	637	645	vanillin	T109,T121	C0078032
27618365	650	669	scavenging activity	T044	C1517315
27618365	673	701	22-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl	T109,T130	C0045305
27618365	703	707	DPPH	T109,T130	C0045305
27618365	709	716	radical	T104	C0302912
27618365	717	724	methods	T169	C0449851
27618365	746	753	phenols	T109,T121	C0031428
27618365	755	762	tannins	T109,T121,T130	C1456509
27618365	767	777	flavonoids	T109	C0596577
27618365	886	906	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
27618365	934	941	kebelli	T083	C0017446
27618365	942	952	provenance	T077	C1709753
27618365	973	984	germination	T038	C0242735
27618365	986	993	plumule	T002	C0242437
27618365	998	1005	radicle	T002	C0242437
27618365	1024	1031	species	T185	C1705920
27618365	1049	1056	INRGREF	T092	C0035172
27618365	1057	1067	provenance	T077	C1709753
27618365	1069	1085	Z. spina-christi	T002	C1500226
27618365	1086	1090	leaf	T002	C0242724
27618365	1091	1099	extracts	T123	C0032081
27618365	1120	1125	foods	T168	C0016452
27618365	1130	1155	pharmaceutical industries	T093	C0013185
27618365	1157	1161	Leaf	T002	C0242724
27618365	1162	1170	extracts	T123	C0032081
27618365	1200	1209	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27618365	1240	1251	environment	T082	C0014406

27618497|t|Evaluation of a New Brain Tissue Probe for Cerebral Blood Flow Monitoring in an Experimental Pig Model
27618497|a|Bedside monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of brain injury, allow early detection of secondary ischemia, and help guide therapy. To evaluate a new brain tissue probe for serial CBF monitoring using near-infrared spectroscopy and indocyanine green dye dilution (NeMo Probe) compared with the existing thermal diffusion probe (QFlow 500 Probe). In 7 pigs, the NeMo Probe and QFlow 500 Probe were inserted into the subcortical white matter. Parallel measurements were recorded during (1) baseline, (2) hypotension, (3) hypertension, and (4) hyperventilation. Thereafter, protocol points 1 through 4 were repeated once. The Spearman correlation (rs), Bland-Altman plot, concordance rate, and coefficient of variation were used for statistical analysis. There was poor agreement between 56 pairs of absolute CBF values (rs = 0.52, P < .001). The mean bias was 10.7 mL·100 g·min with limits of agreement of -33.0 to 54.3 mL·100 g·min. The analysis of 49 pairs of changes in CBF showed a good correlation (rs = 0.83, P < .001), and the concordance rate was 93.3%. The coefficient of variation from repeated measurements under comparable physiological conditions was 51.6% for the QFlow 500 Probe and 12.9% for the NeMo Probe. Absolute CBF values obtained with the NeMo Probe and QFlow 500 Probe cannot be interpreted as equivalent. However, the NeMo Probe provides acceptable trending ability and reproducibility from repeated measurements, whereas the reproducibility of the QFlow 500 Probe was poor. Future clinical studies are warranted to evaluate the NeMo Probe in the setting of acute brain injury. CBF, cerebral blood flow CBV, cerebral blood volume ICG, indocyanine green ICP, intracranial pressure MAP, mean arterial pressure mttICG, mean transit time of indocyanine green NIRS, near-infrared spectroscopy.
27618497	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27618497	20	32	Brain Tissue	T023	C0459385
27618497	33	38	Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	43	62	Cerebral Blood Flow	T033	C0428714
27618497	63	73	Monitoring	T058	C1283169
27618497	80	102	Experimental Pig Model	T008	C0887965
27618497	103	110	Bedside	T074	C1138881
27618497	111	121	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27618497	125	144	cerebral blood flow	T033	C0428714
27618497	146	149	CBF	T033	C0428714
27618497	185	200	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27618497	204	216	brain injury	T037	C0270611
27618497	230	239	detection	T058	C0683509
27618497	243	261	secondary ischemia	T046	C0022116
27618497	278	285	therapy	T061	C0087111
27618497	305	317	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
27618497	318	323	probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	335	338	CBF	T033	C0428714
27618497	339	349	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27618497	356	382	near-infrared spectroscopy	T059	C0376519
27618497	387	404	indocyanine green	T109,T130	C0021234
27618497	405	417	dye dilution	T060	C0013341
27618497	419	429	NeMo Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	458	481	thermal diffusion probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	483	498	QFlow 500 Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	506	510	pigs	T015	C0039005
27618497	516	526	NeMo Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	531	546	QFlow 500 Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	552	560	inserted	T058	C0441587
27618497	570	581	subcortical	T029	C0815275
27618497	582	594	white matter	T024	C0682708
27618497	596	617	Parallel measurements	T169	C0242485
27618497	643	651	baseline	T081	C1442488
27618497	657	668	hypotension	T033	C0020649
27618497	674	686	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27618497	696	712	hyperventilation	T033	C0020578
27618497	726	734	protocol	T170	C0442711
27618497	735	741	points	T033	C3176122
27618497	759	767	repeated	T169	C0205341
27618497	778	798	Spearman correlation	T170	C1710141
27618497	800	802	rs	T170	C1710141
27618497	805	822	Bland-Altman plot	T081	C0392762
27618497	824	840	concordance rate	T081	C1521828
27618497	846	870	coefficient of variation	T081	C0681921
27618497	885	905	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27618497	952	960	absolute	T080	C0205344
27618497	961	964	CBF	T033	C0428714
27618497	965	971	values	T080	C0042295
27618497	973	975	rs	T170	C1710141
27618497	999	1008	mean bias	T078	C0242568
27618497	1036	1055	limits of agreement	T169	C0439801
27618497	1091	1099	analysis	T062	C0936012
27618497	1115	1122	changes	T169	C0392747
27618497	1126	1129	CBF	T033	C0428714
27618497	1144	1155	correlation	T080	C1707520
27618497	1157	1159	rs	T170	C1710141
27618497	1187	1203	concordance rate	T081	C1521828
27618497	1219	1243	coefficient of variation	T081	C0681921
27618497	1249	1257	repeated	T169	C0205341
27618497	1258	1270	measurements	T169	C0242485
27618497	1288	1301	physiological	T169	C0205463
27618497	1302	1312	conditions	T080	C0348080
27618497	1331	1346	QFlow 500 Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	1365	1375	NeMo Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	1377	1385	Absolute	T080	C0205344
27618497	1386	1389	CBF	T033	C0428714
27618497	1390	1396	values	T080	C0042295
27618497	1415	1425	NeMo Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	1430	1445	QFlow 500 Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	1471	1481	equivalent	T080	C0205163
27618497	1496	1506	NeMo Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	1548	1563	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27618497	1569	1577	repeated	T169	C0205341
27618497	1578	1590	measurements	T169	C0242485
27618497	1604	1619	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27618497	1627	1642	QFlow 500 Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	1660	1676	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27618497	1694	1702	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27618497	1707	1717	NeMo Probe	T074	C0182400
27618497	1736	1754	acute brain injury	T037	C0085742
27618497	1756	1759	CBF	T033	C0428714
27618497	1761	1780	cerebral blood flow	T033	C0428714
27618497	1781	1784	CBV	T032	C4277714
27618497	1786	1807	cerebral blood volume	T032	C4277714
27618497	1808	1811	ICG	T109,T130	C0021234
27618497	1813	1830	indocyanine green	T109,T130	C0021234
27618497	1831	1834	ICP	T042	C0021880
27618497	1836	1857	intracranial pressure	T042	C0021880
27618497	1858	1861	MAP	T033	C0428886
27618497	1863	1885	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
27618497	1886	1892	mttICG	T033	C0243095
27618497	1894	1932	mean transit time of indocyanine green	T033	C0243095
27618497	1933	1937	NIRS	T059	C0376519
27618497	1939	1965	near-infrared spectroscopy	T059	C0376519

27618734|t|Mucosal and cutaneous human papillomaviruses in head and neck squamous cell papillomas
27618734|a|Conflicting data exist regarding the contribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) to the development of head and neck squamous cell papillomas. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded papillomas were tested for 28 mucosal and 79 cutaneous HPVs using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Eighty-three papillomas (43 oropharyngeal, 31 oral, 6 laryngeal, and 3 nasopharyngeal) were analyzed. Twenty-four samples (28.9%) harbored mucosal HPVs: 3 oropharyngeal (6.9%), 15 oral (48.3%), 4 laryngeal (66.7%), and 2 nasopharyngeal papillomas (66.7%). Eighty-one cases were also tested for cutaneous HPVs, detected in 16 lesions (19.7%): 11 (13.5%) harbored only cutaneous types, and 5 (6.2%) were positive for both cutaneous and mucosal HPVs. Among these 81 cases, prevalence of mucosal and/or cutaneous HPV infection was 43.2%. HPV DNA detection in a fraction of head and neck papillomas supports the role of HPV in their development. However, other markers need to be considered to confirm the association of HPV infection with these lesions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 254-259, 2017.
27618734	0	7	Mucosal	T024	C0026724
27618734	12	21	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27618734	22	44	human papillomaviruses	T005	C0021344
27618734	48	52	head	T029	C0018670
27618734	57	61	neck	T029	C0027530
27618734	62	86	squamous cell papillomas	T191	C0205874
27618734	87	98	Conflicting	T080	C1705242
27618734	99	103	data	T078	C1511726
27618734	104	109	exist	T077	C2987476
27618734	124	136	contribution	T052	C1880177
27618734	140	160	human papillomavirus	T005	C0021344
27618734	162	165	HPV	T005	C0021344
27618734	174	185	development	T169	C1527148
27618734	189	193	head	T029	C0018670
27618734	198	202	neck	T029	C0027530
27618734	203	227	squamous cell papillomas	T191	C0205874
27618734	229	272	Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded papillomas	T191	C0030354
27618734	278	284	tested	T169	C0039593
27618734	292	299	mucosal	T024	C0026724
27618734	307	316	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27618734	317	321	HPVs	T005	C0021344
27618734	328	373	polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods	T063	C0032520
27618734	375	387	Eighty-three	T081	C0392762
27618734	388	398	papillomas	T191	C0030354
27618734	403	416	oropharyngeal	T029	C0521367
27618734	421	425	oral	T030	C0226896
27618734	429	438	laryngeal	T023	C0023078
27618734	446	460	nasopharyngeal	T023	C0027442
27618734	467	475	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27618734	477	488	Twenty-four	T081	C0392762
27618734	489	496	samples	T077	C2347026
27618734	505	513	harbored	T080	C0205556
27618734	514	521	mucosal	T024	C0026724
27618734	522	526	HPVs	T005	C0021344
27618734	530	543	oropharyngeal	T029	C0521367
27618734	555	559	oral	T030	C0226896
27618734	571	580	laryngeal	T023	C0023078
27618734	596	610	nasopharyngeal	T023	C0027442
27618734	611	621	papillomas	T191	C0030354
27618734	631	641	Eighty-one	T081	C0392762
27618734	642	647	cases	T077	C1706256
27618734	658	664	tested	T169	C0039593
27618734	669	678	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27618734	679	683	HPVs	T005	C0021344
27618734	685	693	detected	T033	C0442726
27618734	700	707	lesions	T033	C0221198
27618734	728	736	harbored	T080	C0205556
27618734	742	751	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27618734	752	757	types	T080	C0332307
27618734	777	785	positive	T033	C1446409
27618734	795	804	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27618734	809	816	mucosal	T024	C0026724
27618734	817	821	HPVs	T005	C0021344
27618734	838	843	cases	T077	C1706256
27618734	845	855	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27618734	859	866	mucosal	T024	C0026724
27618734	874	883	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27618734	884	897	HPV infection	T047	C0343641
27618734	909	926	HPV DNA detection	T059	C0201678
27618734	932	943	fraction of	T081	C1264633
27618734	944	948	head	T029	C0018670
27618734	953	957	neck	T029	C0027530
27618734	958	968	papillomas	T191	C0030354
27618734	969	977	supports	T080	C0205556
27618734	990	993	HPV	T005	C0021344
27618734	1003	1014	development	T169	C1527148
27618734	1025	1038	other markers	T025	C1955343
27618734	1050	1060	considered	T078	C1511726
27618734	1064	1071	confirm	T080	C1456348
27618734	1076	1087	association	T080	C0439849
27618734	1091	1104	HPV infection	T047	C0343641
27618734	1116	1123	lesions	T033	C0221198

27618756|t|Guidance signalling regulates leading edge behaviour during collective cell migration of cardiac cells in Drosophila
27618756|a|Collective cell migration is the coordinated movement of cells, which organize tissues during morphogenesis, repair and some cancers. The motile cell membrane of the advancing front in collective cell migration is termed the Leading Edge. The embryonic development of the vertebrate and Drosophila hearts are both characterized by the coordinated medial migration of a bilateral cluster of mesodermal cells. In Drosophila, the cardioblasts form cohesive bilateral rows that migrate collectively as a unit towards the dorsal midline to form the dorsal vessel. We have characterized the collective cell migration of cardioblasts as an in vivo quantitative model to study the behaviour of the Leading Edge. We investigated whether guidance signalling through Slit and Netrin pathways plays a role in cell migration during heart development. Through time-lapse imaging and quantitative assessment of migratory behaviour of the cardioblasts in loss-of-function mutants, we demonstrate that both Slit and Netrin mediated signals are autonomously and concomitantly required to maximize migration velocity, filopodial and lamellipodial activities. Additionally, we show that another Slit and Netrin receptor, Dscam1, the role of which during heart development was previously unknown, is required for both normal migration of cardioblasts and luminal expansion. Leading edge behaviour analysis revealed a dosage dependent genetic interaction between Slit and Netrin receptors suggesting that downstream signalling through these receptors converge on a common output that increases leading edge activity of the cardioblasts. Finally, we found that guidance signalling maintains the balance between epithelial and mesenchymal characteristics of the migrating cardioblasts.
27618756	0	19	Guidance signalling	T043	C0037083
27618756	30	42	leading edge	T026	C1621433
27618756	43	52	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27618756	71	85	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27618756	89	102	cardiac cells	T025	C0920751
27618756	106	116	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
27618756	128	142	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27618756	150	161	coordinated	T169	C0700114
27618756	162	179	movement of cells	T040	C1621968
27618756	187	195	organize	T169	C1300196
27618756	196	203	tissues	T024	C0040300
27618756	211	224	morphogenesis	T040	C0026559
27618756	226	232	repair	T040	C0043240
27618756	242	249	cancers	T191	C0006826
27618756	255	261	motile	T033	C1979933
27618756	262	275	cell membrane	T026	C0007603
27618756	313	327	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27618756	342	354	Leading Edge	T026	C1621433
27618756	360	381	embryonic development	T042	C0013936
27618756	389	399	vertebrate	T010	C0042567
27618756	404	414	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
27618756	415	421	hearts	T023	C0018787
27618756	431	444	characterized	T052	C1880022
27618756	452	463	coordinated	T169	C0700114
27618756	464	470	medial	T082	C0205098
27618756	471	480	migration	T043	C1622501
27618756	486	495	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27618756	496	503	cluster	T023	C1179412
27618756	507	523	mesodermal cells	T025	C1183499
27618756	528	538	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
27618756	544	556	cardioblasts	T025	C0007634
27618756	562	585	cohesive bilateral rows	T082	C1254362
27618756	591	598	migrate	T169	C0232902
27618756	634	648	dorsal midline	T029	C0230086
27618756	661	667	dorsal	T082	C0205095
27618756	668	674	vessel	T023	C0005847
27618756	684	697	characterized	T052	C1880022
27618756	713	743	cell migration of cardioblasts	T043	C2753658
27618756	750	757	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27618756	758	770	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27618756	780	785	study	T062	C2603343
27618756	790	799	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27618756	807	819	Leading Edge	T026	C1621433
27618756	824	836	investigated	T169	C1292732
27618756	845	864	guidance signalling	T043	C0037083
27618756	873	877	Slit	T116,T123	C0084569
27618756	882	897	Netrin pathways	T044	C3271680
27618756	914	928	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27618756	936	953	heart development	T042	C1749797
27618756	963	981	time-lapse imaging	T060	C2936618
27618756	986	998	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27618756	1013	1022	migratory	T169	C0232901
27618756	1023	1032	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27618756	1040	1052	cardioblasts	T025	C0007634
27618756	1056	1072	loss-of-function	T033	C0243095
27618756	1073	1080	mutants	T049	C0596988
27618756	1107	1111	Slit	T116,T123	C0084569
27618756	1116	1139	Netrin mediated signals	T044	C3271680
27618756	1196	1214	migration velocity	T043	C1622501
27618756	1216	1226	filopodial	T026	C0600315
27618756	1231	1244	lamellipodial	T026	C0230628
27618756	1245	1255	activities	T052	C0441655
27618756	1292	1296	Slit	T116,T123	C0084569
27618756	1301	1316	Netrin receptor	T116,T192	C0538359
27618756	1318	1324	Dscam1	T116	C3884027
27618756	1351	1368	heart development	T042	C1749797
27618756	1421	1446	migration of cardioblasts	T043	C2753658
27618756	1451	1458	luminal	T082	C0524462
27618756	1459	1468	expansion	T043	C0007595
27618756	1470	1482	Leading edge	T026	C1621433
27618756	1483	1492	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27618756	1493	1501	analysis	T062	C0936012
27618756	1502	1510	revealed	T080	C0443289
27618756	1513	1519	dosage	T081	C0178602
27618756	1520	1529	dependent	T169	C3244310
27618756	1530	1537	genetic	T169	C0314603
27618756	1538	1549	interaction	T169	C1704675
27618756	1558	1562	Slit	T116,T123	C0084569
27618756	1567	1583	Netrin receptors	T116,T192	C0538359
27618756	1584	1594	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27618756	1600	1610	downstream	T082	C0522506
27618756	1611	1621	signalling	T038	C3537152
27618756	1636	1645	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27618756	1679	1688	increases	T169	C0442805
27618756	1689	1701	leading edge	T026	C1621433
27618756	1702	1710	activity	T052	C0441655
27618756	1718	1730	cardioblasts	T025	C0007634
27618756	1755	1774	guidance signalling	T043	C0037083
27618756	1805	1815	epithelial	T025	C0014597
27618756	1820	1831	mesenchymal	T025	C1257975
27618756	1832	1847	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27618756	1855	1877	migrating cardioblasts	T043	C2753658

27619032|t|Sleep architecture in Pierre-Robin sequence: The effect of mandibular distraction osteogenesis
27619032|a|Pierre-Robin Sequence (PRS), a triad of micro / retrognathia, glossoptosis, and upper airway obstruction, usually in conjunction with a cleft palate is frequently associated with significant morbidity. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is an effective treatment modality to address retroglossal upper airway obstruction by increasing the anterior-posterior diameter of the infant airway. Although MDO has been shown to improve the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in children with PRS, the consequences of MDO on other aspects of infant sleep, including hypercapnea, hypoxia, the REM to Non-REM ratio, as well as its effect on central and mixed apneas has not been investigated with an adequate sample size. To characterize the effect of MDO on key components of sleep architecture in infants with PRS. Charts from 32 infants with PRS that were addressed with MDO at our tertiary-care children's hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 26 infants (57.7% male; mean age = 4.1 weeks, SD = 5.0) had pre- and post-operative polysomnograms (PSG). Paired samples t-tests were used to compare pre- and post - MDO sleep architecture mean score differences. Among the 26 infants, 73.1% demonstrated severe pre - MDO sleep apnea (AHI > 10). Several aspects of sleep architecture were found to improve post-operatively. Significant improvements were found in AHI (30.3 vs. 8.7; t = 4.1, p < 0.001), obstructive apneas (79.3 vs. 5.8; t = 4.0, p < 0.001), hypopneas (48.1 vs. 22.1; t = 2.2, p = 0.040), time spent below 90% SpO2 (3.9% vs. 0.7%; t = 3.3, p = 0.003), and lowest SpO2 nadir (75.4% vs. 82.9%; 3.4, p = 0.002). In addition, a marginally significant improvement was found for mixed apnea (6.3 vs. 1.6; t = 1.99, p = 0.058). MDO improve s several sleep architecture parameters in this sample of infants with PRS. Statistically significant improvement was seen in obstructive apneas, hypopneas, AHI, obstructive AHI, and several indicators of hypoxia during sleep.
27619032	0	5	Sleep	T040	C0037313
27619032	22	43	Pierre-Robin sequence	T019	C0031900
27619032	49	55	effect	T080	C1280500
27619032	59	69	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27619032	70	94	distraction osteogenesis	T061	C0524975
27619032	95	116	Pierre-Robin Sequence	T019	C0031900
27619032	118	121	PRS	T019	C0031900
27619032	135	140	micro	T033	C1839546
27619032	143	155	retrognathia	T190	C3494422
27619032	157	169	glossoptosis	T047	C0267048
27619032	175	199	upper airway obstruction	T047	C0740852
27619032	212	223	conjunction	T078	C2699427
27619032	231	243	cleft palate	T019	C0008925
27619032	258	273	associated with	T080	C0332281
27619032	274	285	significant	T078	C0750502
27619032	286	295	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27619032	297	307	Mandibular	T023	C0024687
27619032	308	332	distraction osteogenesis	T061	C0524975
27619032	334	337	MDO	T061	C0524975
27619032	345	354	effective	T080	C1704419
27619032	355	364	treatment	T061	C0087111
27619032	365	373	modality	T078	C0695347
27619032	398	422	upper airway obstruction	T047	C0740852
27619032	426	436	increasing	T169	C0442808
27619032	441	459	anterior-posterior	T082	C1999039
27619032	460	468	diameter	T081	C1301886
27619032	476	482	infant	T100	C0021270
27619032	483	489	airway	T023	C0458827
27619032	500	503	MDO	T061	C0524975
27619032	522	529	improve	T033	C0184511
27619032	534	554	apnea-hypopnea index	T170	C4083070
27619032	556	559	AHI	T170	C4083070
27619032	564	572	children	T100	C0008059
27619032	578	581	PRS	T019	C0031900
27619032	587	602	consequences of	T169	C0686907
27619032	603	606	MDO	T061	C0524975
27619032	627	633	infant	T100	C0021270
27619032	634	639	sleep	T040	C0037313
27619032	651	662	hypercapnea	T033	C0020440
27619032	664	671	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27619032	677	680	REM	T042	C0034673
27619032	684	691	Non-REM	T039	C0234451
27619032	692	697	ratio	T081	C0456603
27619032	714	720	effect	T080	C1280500
27619032	724	731	central	T047	C3887548
27619032	736	748	mixed apneas	T047	C4087341
27619032	762	774	investigated	T169	C1292732
27619032	783	791	adequate	T080	C0205411
27619032	792	803	sample size	T081	C0242618
27619032	825	831	effect	T080	C1280500
27619032	835	838	MDO	T061	C0524975
27619032	846	856	components	T077	C1705248
27619032	860	865	sleep	T040	C0037313
27619032	882	889	infants	T100	C0021270
27619032	895	898	PRS	T019	C0031900
27619032	915	922	infants	T100	C0021270
27619032	928	931	PRS	T019	C0031900
27619032	957	960	MDO	T061	C0524975
27619032	968	1001	tertiary-care children's hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
27619032	1007	1022	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27619032	1023	1031	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27619032	1046	1053	infants	T100	C0021270
27619032	1061	1065	male	T032	C0086582
27619032	1072	1075	age	T032	C0001779
27619032	1082	1087	weeks	T079	C0439230
27619032	1103	1107	pre-	T079	C0445204
27619032	1112	1126	post-operative	T079	C0032790
27619032	1127	1141	polysomnograms	T060	C0162701
27619032	1143	1146	PSG	T060	C0162701
27619032	1149	1171	Paired samples t-tests	T170	C1709451
27619032	1185	1192	compare	T052	C1707455
27619032	1193	1197	pre-	T079	C0445204
27619032	1202	1206	post	T079	C0032790
27619032	1209	1212	MDO	T061	C0524975
27619032	1213	1218	sleep	T040	C0037313
27619032	1237	1242	score	T081	C0449820
27619032	1243	1254	differences	T080	C1705242
27619032	1269	1276	infants	T100	C0021270
27619032	1304	1307	pre	T079	C0445204
27619032	1310	1313	MDO	T061	C0524975
27619032	1314	1325	sleep apnea	T047	C0037315
27619032	1327	1330	AHI	T170	C4083070
27619032	1357	1362	sleep	T040	C0037313
27619032	1381	1386	found	T033	C0150312
27619032	1390	1397	improve	T033	C0184511
27619032	1398	1414	post-operatively	T079	C0032790
27619032	1416	1427	Significant	T078	C0750502
27619032	1428	1440	improvements	T077	C2986411
27619032	1446	1451	found	T033	C0150312
27619032	1455	1458	AHI	T170	C4083070
27619032	1495	1513	obstructive apneas	T047	C0520679
27619032	1550	1559	hypopneas	T033	C0235546
27619032	1597	1607	time spent	T079	C0040223
27619032	1618	1622	SpO2	T059	C0523807
27619032	1664	1670	lowest	T080	C1708760
27619032	1671	1675	SpO2	T059	C0523807
27619032	1743	1754	significant	T078	C0750502
27619032	1755	1766	improvement	T077	C2986411
27619032	1771	1776	found	T033	C0150312
27619032	1781	1792	mixed apnea	T047	C4087341
27619032	1829	1832	MDO	T061	C0524975
27619032	1833	1840	improve	T033	C0184511
27619032	1851	1856	sleep	T040	C0037313
27619032	1899	1906	infants	T100	C0021270
27619032	1912	1915	PRS	T019	C0031900
27619032	1917	1942	Statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27619032	1943	1954	improvement	T077	C2986411
27619032	1967	1985	obstructive apneas	T047	C0520679
27619032	1987	1996	hypopneas	T033	C0235546
27619032	1998	2001	AHI	T170	C4083070
27619032	2003	2018	obstructive AHI	T033	C3248581
27619032	2032	2042	indicators	T169	C1522602
27619032	2046	2053	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27619032	2061	2066	sleep	T040	C0037313

27619227|t|Comparative proteomic analysis reveals alterations in development and photosynthesis -related proteins in diploid and triploid rice
27619227|a|Polyploidy has pivotal influences on rice (Oryza sativa L.) morphology and physiology, and is very important for understanding rice domestication and improving agricultural traits. Diploid (DP) and triploid (TP) rice shows differences in morphological parameters, such as plant height, leaf length, leaf width and the physiological index of chlorophyll content. However, the underlying mechanisms determining these morphological differences are remain to be defined. To better understand the proteomic changes between DP and TP, tandem mass tags (TMT) mass spectrometry (MS) / MS was used to detect the significant changes to protein expression between DP and TP. Results indicated that both photosynthesis and metabolic pathways were highly significantly associated with proteomic alteration between DP and TP based on biological process and pathway enrichment analysis, and 13 higher abundance chloroplast proteins involving in these two pathways were identified in TP. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that 5 of the 13 chloroplast proteins ATPF, PSAA, PSAB, PSBB and RBL in TP were higher abundance compared with those in DP. This study integrates morphology, physiology and proteomic profiling alteration of DP and TP to address their underlying different molecular mechanisms. Our finding revealed that ATPF, PSAA, PSAB, PSBB and RBL can induce considerable expression changes in TP and may affect the development and growth of rice through photosynthesis and metabolic pathways.
27619227	12	30	proteomic analysis	T059	C0022885
27619227	39	50	alterations	T078	C1515926
27619227	54	65	development	T040	C0597252
27619227	70	84	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
27619227	94	102	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27619227	106	113	diploid	T032	C0012568
27619227	118	126	triploid	T049	C3536727
27619227	127	131	rice	T002	C1140671
27619227	132	142	Polyploidy	T049	C0032578
27619227	155	165	influences	T077	C4054723
27619227	169	173	rice	T002	C1140671
27619227	175	190	Oryza sativa L.	T002	C1140671
27619227	192	202	morphology	T080	C0332437
27619227	207	217	physiology	T039	C0031843
27619227	259	263	rice	T002	C1140671
27619227	264	277	domestication	T078	C0175819
27619227	292	311	agricultural traits	T032	C0599883
27619227	313	320	Diploid	T032	C0012568
27619227	322	324	DP	T032	C0012568
27619227	330	338	triploid	T049	C3536727
27619227	340	342	TP	T049	C3536727
27619227	344	348	rice	T002	C1140671
27619227	355	366	differences	T080	C1705242
27619227	370	383	morphological	T080	C0332437
27619227	384	394	parameters	T033	C0449381
27619227	404	409	plant	T002	C0032098
27619227	410	416	height	T032	C0489786
27619227	418	422	leaf	T002	C0242724
27619227	423	429	length	T081	C1444754
27619227	431	435	leaf	T002	C0242724
27619227	436	441	width	T081	C0487742
27619227	450	463	physiological	T169	C0205463
27619227	464	469	index	T170	C0918012
27619227	473	484	chlorophyll	T109,T123	C0008260
27619227	485	492	content	T077	C0456205
27619227	518	528	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27619227	547	560	morphological	T080	C0332437
27619227	561	572	differences	T080	C1705242
27619227	624	633	proteomic	T116,T123	C0033684
27619227	634	641	changes	T169	C0392747
27619227	650	652	DP	T032	C0012568
27619227	657	659	TP	T049	C3536727
27619227	661	706	tandem mass tags (TMT) mass spectrometry (MS)	T059	C2123592
27619227	709	711	MS	T059	C0037813
27619227	747	754	changes	T169	C0392747
27619227	758	776	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27619227	785	787	DP	T032	C0012568
27619227	792	794	TP	T049	C3536727
27619227	824	838	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
27619227	843	861	metabolic pathways	T169	C1291081
27619227	888	903	associated with	T080	C0332281
27619227	904	924	proteomic alteration	T044	C1514563
27619227	933	935	DP	T032	C0012568
27619227	940	942	TP	T049	C3536727
27619227	952	970	biological process	T038	C3714634
27619227	975	1002	pathway enrichment analysis	T059	C0022885
27619227	1018	1027	abundance	T080	C2346714
27619227	1028	1048	chloroplast proteins	T116,T123	C3178938
27619227	1072	1080	pathways	T044	C1704259
27619227	1086	1096	identified	T080	C0205396
27619227	1100	1102	TP	T049	C3536727
27619227	1104	1139	Quantitative real-time PCR analysis	T063	C3179034
27619227	1170	1190	chloroplast proteins	T116,T123	C3178938
27619227	1191	1195	ATPF	T116,T123	C0033684
27619227	1197	1201	PSAA	T116,T123	C0033684
27619227	1203	1207	PSAB	T116,T123	C0084235
27619227	1209	1213	PSBB	T116,T123	C0033684
27619227	1218	1221	RBL	T116,T123	C0033684
27619227	1225	1227	TP	T049	C3536727
27619227	1240	1249	abundance	T080	C2346714
27619227	1273	1275	DP	T032	C0012568
27619227	1282	1287	study	T062	C2603343
27619227	1299	1309	morphology	T080	C0332437
27619227	1311	1321	physiology	T039	C0031843
27619227	1326	1345	proteomic profiling	T059	C1327760
27619227	1346	1356	alteration	T078	C1515926
27619227	1360	1362	DP	T032	C0012568
27619227	1367	1369	TP	T049	C3536727
27619227	1408	1428	molecular mechanisms	T044	C3537153
27619227	1456	1460	ATPF	T116,T123	C0033684
27619227	1462	1466	PSAA	T116,T123	C0033684
27619227	1468	1472	PSAB	T116,T123	C0084235
27619227	1474	1478	PSBB	T116,T123	C0033684
27619227	1483	1486	RBL	T116,T123	C0033684
27619227	1511	1521	expression	T045	C1171362
27619227	1522	1529	changes	T169	C0392747
27619227	1533	1535	TP	T049	C3536727
27619227	1555	1566	development	T040	C0597252
27619227	1571	1577	growth	T040	C0597252
27619227	1581	1585	rice	T002	C1140671
27619227	1594	1608	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
27619227	1613	1631	metabolic pathways	T169	C1291081

27620334|t|Deficient cMyBP-C protein expression during cardiomyocyte differentiation underlies human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy cellular phenotypes in disease specific human ES cell derived cardiomyocytes
27620334|a|Mutations of cardiac sarcomere genes have been identified to cause HCM, but the molecular mechanisms that lead to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and risk for sudden death are uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine HCM disease mechanisms at play during cardiac differentiation of human HCM specific pluripotent stem cells. We generated a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line carrying a naturally occurring mutation of MYPBC3 (c.2905 +1 G >A) to study HCM pathogenesis during cardiac differentiation. HCM - specific hESC - derived cardiomyocytes (hESC -CMs) displayed hallmark aspects of HCM including sarcomere disarray, hypertrophy and impaired calcium impulse propagation. HCM hESC -CMs presented a transient haploinsufficiency of cMyBP-C during cardiomyocyte differentiation, but by day 30 post - differentiation cMyBP-C levels were similar to control hESC -CMs. Gene transfer of full-length MYBPC3 during differentiation prevented hypertrophy, sarcomere disarray and improved calcium impulse propagation in HCM hESC -CMs. These findings point to the critical role of MYBPC3 during sarcomere assembly in cardiac myocyte differentiation and suggest developmental influences of MYBPC3 truncating mutations on the mature hypertrophic phenotype.
27620334	10	17	cMyBP-C	T116,T123	C1527800
27620334	18	36	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27620334	37	43	during	T079	C0347984
27620334	44	73	cardiomyocyte differentiation	T043	C1817118
27620334	84	89	human	T016	C0086418
27620334	90	117	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27620334	118	126	cellular	T059	C0178539
27620334	127	137	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27620334	141	148	disease	T047	C0012634
27620334	149	157	specific	T080	C0205369
27620334	158	171	human ES cell	T025	C1171346
27620334	172	179	derived	T080	C1441547
27620334	180	194	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27620334	195	204	Mutations	T045	C0596611
27620334	208	215	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27620334	216	225	sarcomere	T026	C0036225
27620334	226	231	genes	T028	C0017337
27620334	242	252	identified	T080	C0205396
27620334	262	265	HCM	T047	C0007194
27620334	275	295	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1148560
27620334	309	334	cardiomyocyte hypertrophy	T033	C4227331
27620334	339	360	risk for sudden death	T033	C4014370
27620334	365	374	uncertain	T033	C0087130
27620334	413	416	HCM	T047	C0007194
27620334	417	435	disease mechanisms	T062	C1515006
27620334	444	450	during	T079	C0347984
27620334	451	474	cardiac differentiation	T043	C2247990
27620334	478	483	human	T016	C0086418
27620334	484	487	HCM	T047	C0007194
27620334	488	496	specific	T080	C0205369
27620334	497	519	pluripotent stem cells	T025	C0872076
27620334	524	533	generated	T080	C2346631
27620334	536	573	human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line	T025	C1113687
27620334	563	567	hESC	T025	C1113687
27620334	605	613	mutation	T045	C0596611
27620334	617	623	MYPBC3	T028	C1417523
27620334	625	639	c.2905 +1 G >A	T045	C0596611
27620334	650	653	HCM	T047	C0007194
27620334	654	666	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27620334	667	673	during	T079	C0347984
27620334	674	697	cardiac differentiation	T043	C2247990
27620334	699	702	HCM	T047	C0007194
27620334	705	713	specific	T080	C0205369
27620334	714	718	hESC	T025	C1171346
27620334	721	728	derived	T080	C1441547
27620334	729	743	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27620334	745	749	hESC	T025	C1171346
27620334	745	754	hESC -CMs	T025	C0225828
27620334	775	782	aspects	T169	C0015127
27620334	786	789	HCM	T047	C0007194
27620334	790	799	including	T169	C0332257
27620334	800	809	sarcomere	T026	C0036225
27620334	810	818	disarray	T190	C0302142
27620334	820	831	hypertrophy	T046	C0020564
27620334	836	844	impaired	T169	C0221099
27620334	845	872	calcium impulse propagation	T043	C0007613
27620334	874	877	HCM	T047	C0007194
27620334	878	882	hESC	T025	C1171346
27620334	878	887	hESC -CMs	T025	C0225828
27620334	910	928	haploinsufficiency	T049	C2936267
27620334	932	939	cMyBP-C	T116,T123	C1527800
27620334	940	946	during	T079	C0347984
27620334	947	976	cardiomyocyte differentiation	T043	C1817118
27620334	985	988	day	T079	C0439228
27620334	992	996	post	T079	C0687676
27620334	999	1014	differentiation	T043	C1817118
27620334	1015	1022	cMyBP-C	T116,T123	C1527800
27620334	1023	1029	levels	T080	C0441889
27620334	1035	1042	similar	T080	C2348205
27620334	1046	1053	control	T080	C0243148
27620334	1054	1058	hESC	T025	C1171346
27620334	1054	1063	hESC -CMs	T025	C0225828
27620334	1065	1078	Gene transfer	T063	C1517499
27620334	1094	1100	MYBPC3	T028	C1417523
27620334	1101	1107	during	T079	C0347984
27620334	1108	1123	differentiation	T043	C1817118
27620334	1124	1133	prevented	T169	C1292733
27620334	1134	1145	hypertrophy	T046	C0020564
27620334	1147	1156	sarcomere	T026	C0036225
27620334	1157	1165	disarray	T190	C0302142
27620334	1170	1178	improved	T033	C0184511
27620334	1179	1206	calcium impulse propagation	T043	C0007613
27620334	1210	1213	HCM	T047	C0007194
27620334	1214	1218	hESC	T025	C1171346
27620334	1214	1223	hESC -CMs	T025	C0225828
27620334	1231	1239	findings	T033	C0243095
27620334	1253	1261	critical	T080	C1511545
27620334	1262	1266	role	T077	C1705810
27620334	1270	1276	MYBPC3	T028	C1417523
27620334	1277	1283	during	T079	C0347984
27620334	1284	1293	sarcomere	T026	C0036225
27620334	1294	1302	assembly	T043	C0598084
27620334	1306	1337	cardiac myocyte differentiation	T043	C1817118
27620334	1342	1349	suggest	T078	C1705535
27620334	1350	1363	developmental	T080	C0458003
27620334	1364	1374	influences	T077	C4054723
27620334	1378	1384	MYBPC3	T028	C1417523
27620334	1396	1405	mutations	T045	C0596611
27620334	1413	1419	mature	T079	C0205286
27620334	1420	1432	hypertrophic	T169	C0333959
27620334	1433	1442	phenotype	T032	C0031437

27620469|t|All-arthroscopic AMIC (®) (AT-AMIC(®)) technique with autologous bone graft for talar osteochondral defects: clinical and radiological results
27620469|a|Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis (AMIC (®)) is known to provide satisfactory clinical results for the treatment of knee, hip, and ankle cartilage lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes of patients treated with a new all-arthroscopic AMIC (®) (AT-AMIC(®)) technique with autologous bone graft for talar osteochondral defects at a follow-up of 24 months. Twenty patients underwent the AT-AMIC(®) procedure and autologous bone graft for type III and IV talar osteochondral lesions. Patients were evaluated pre-operatively and at 6, 12, and 24 months post-operatively using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, the visual analog scale, and the SF-12 (Short Form-12). Radiological assessment included computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART). All scores significantly improved (p < 0.05) with respect to pre-operative values after 6 months. Further improvements were detected at 24 months (AOFAS, from 57.1 ± 14.9 before surgery to 86.6 ± 10.9 after 24 months; VAS, from 8.1 ± 1.4 to 2.5 ± 2.2; SF-12, from 29.9 ± 4.1 to 48.5 ± 6.9 and from 43.8 ± 2.9 to 53.1 ± 3.9, respectively, for Physical and Mental component score). Lesion area significantly reduced from 111.1 ± 43.2 mm(2) pre-operatively to 76.9 ± 38.1 mm(2) (p < 0.05) at final follow-up as assessed by CT, and from 154.1 ± 93.6 to 94.3 ± 61.3 mm(2) (p < 0.05) as assessed by MRI. The mean MOCART score was 42.8 ± 23.5 points and 50.9 ± 24.9 points, respectively, at 12 and 24 months after surgery (p < 0.05). AT-AMIC (®) with autologous bone grafting has proven to be a safe and effective minimal invasive technique, able to rapidly and significantly improve pain, function, and radiological healing of osteochondral talar lesions, with progressive further improvements up to 24 months. Orthopedic surgeons specialized in foot and ankle surgery should adopt the AT-AMIC(®) technique for the treatment of osteochondral talar lesions, which proved to be effective and minimally invasive, avoiding malleolar osteotomy with a low risk of complications. IV.
27620469	0	21	All-arthroscopic AMIC	T061	C0087111
27620469	26	48	(AT-AMIC(®)) technique	T061	C0087111
27620469	54	75	autologous bone graft	T061	C1699650
27620469	80	107	talar osteochondral defects	T047	C2015237
27620469	109	142	clinical and radiological results	T169	C1516626
27620469	143	183	Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis	T061	C0087111
27620469	185	189	AMIC	T061	C0087111
27620469	185	189	AMIC	T061	C0087111
27620469	215	227	satisfactory	T080	C0205410
27620469	228	244	clinical results	T034	C0456984
27620469	253	262	treatment	T169	C0039798
27620469	266	270	knee	T023	C0022742
27620469	272	275	hip	T029	C0006497
27620469	281	286	ankle	T029	C0003086
27620469	287	304	cartilage lesions	T033	C3670803
27620469	348	382	clinical and radiological outcomes	T169	C1516626
27620469	386	394	patients	T101	C0030705
27620469	395	407	treated with	T061	C0332293
27620469	414	435	all-arthroscopic AMIC	T061	C0087111
27620469	440	462	(AT-AMIC(®)) technique	T061	C0087111
27620469	468	489	autologous bone graft	T061	C1699650
27620469	494	521	talar osteochondral defects	T047	C2015237
27620469	527	536	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27620469	543	549	months	T079	C0439231
27620469	558	566	patients	T101	C0030705
27620469	581	601	AT-AMIC(®) procedure	T061	C0087111
27620469	606	627	autologous bone graft	T061	C1699650
27620469	632	675	type III and IV talar osteochondral lesions	T047	C2015237
27620469	677	685	Patients	T101	C0030705
27620469	701	716	pre-operatively	T079	C0445204
27620469	738	744	months	T079	C0439231
27620469	745	761	post-operatively	T079	C0032790
27620469	772	828	American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score	T060	C0430022
27620469	834	853	visual analog scale	T060	C3536884
27620469	863	868	SF-12	T170	C1519135
27620469	870	883	Short Form-12	T170	C1519135
27620469	886	909	Radiological assessment	T060	C0807679
27620469	919	938	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27620469	940	942	CT	T060	C0040405
27620469	945	971	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27620469	973	976	MRI	T060	C0024485
27620469	983	1040	magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue	T060	C0430022
27620469	1042	1048	MOCART	T060	C0430022
27620469	1055	1061	scores	T081	C0449820
27620469	1062	1075	significantly	T081	C0237881
27620469	1076	1084	improved	T077	C2986411
27620469	1112	1125	pre-operative	T079	C0445204
27620469	1141	1147	months	T079	C0439231
27620469	1157	1169	improvements	T077	C2986411
27620469	1190	1196	months	T079	C0439231
27620469	1198	1203	AOFAS	T170	C0282574
27620469	1222	1236	before surgery	T079	C0445204
27620469	1261	1267	months	T079	C0439231
27620469	1269	1272	VAS	T060	C3536884
27620469	1303	1308	SF-12	T170	C1519135
27620469	1393	1428	Physical and Mental component score	T170	C0282574
27620469	1431	1442	Lesion area	T169	C0332562
27620469	1457	1464	reduced	T080	C0392756
27620469	1489	1504	pre-operatively	T079	C0445204
27620469	1546	1555	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27620469	1571	1573	CT	T060	C0040405
27620469	1644	1647	MRI	T060	C0024485
27620469	1653	1670	mean MOCART score	T060	C0430022
27620469	1745	1751	months	T079	C0439231
27620469	1758	1765	surgery	T061	C0543467
27620469	1778	1785	AT-AMIC	T061	C0087111
27620469	1795	1819	autologous bone grafting	T061	C1699650
27620469	1858	1884	minimal invasive technique	T061	C0282624
27620469	1920	1932	improve pain	T033	C1822346
27620469	1934	1942	function	T039	C0031843
27620469	1948	1968	radiological healing	T058	C0869013
27620469	1972	1999	osteochondral talar lesions	T047	C2015237
27620469	2026	2038	improvements	T077	C2986411
27620469	2048	2054	months	T079	C0439231
27620469	2056	2075	Orthopedic surgeons	T097	C0334891
27620469	2091	2113	foot and ankle surgery	T097	C1551133
27620469	2131	2151	AT-AMIC(®) technique	T061	C0087111
27620469	2160	2169	treatment	T169	C0039798
27620469	2173	2200	osteochondral talar lesions	T047	C2015237
27620469	2221	2230	effective	T080	C1704419
27620469	2235	2253	minimally invasive	T061	C0282624
27620469	2264	2273	malleolar	T029	C0230449
27620469	2274	2283	osteotomy	T061	C0029468
27620469	2295	2299	risk	T078	C0035647
27620469	2303	2316	complications	T169	C1171258

27620892|t|Cloning and sequence analysis of Wild Argali short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 cDNA
27620892|a|Experiments were conducted to clone the sequence of Wild Argali short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) cDNA, and to lay the foundation for further study the biological function of Wild Argali SPLUNC1. The complete sequence of Wild Argali SPLUNC1 cDNA was generated by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The entire coding sequence was inserted into the pPIC9K vector and expressed in Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) GS115. The recombinant SPLUNC1 protein was detected by Western blot and purified by Ni(2+) chelate affinity chromatography. The test of effect of the protein on Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (MO) was performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Wild Argali SPLUNC1 cDNA was 1,076 bp with an open reading frame of 768 bp, which encoded a 26.49 kDa protein composed of 255 amino acids. Its amino acid sequence shared 98.4%, 96.9%, 94.5%, 90.2%, 80.8%, 78.4%, 78.3%, 72.5%, 72.3%, 68.8% identity with those of SPLUNC1 cDNA from Ovis aries (accession no. NP_001288334.1), Capra hircus (accession no. XP_005688516.1), Pantholops hodgsonii (accession no. XP_005979709.1), Bos taurus (accession no. NP_776851.1), Felis catus (accession no. XP_006929910.1), Homo sapiens (accession no. NP_001230122.1), Sus scrofa (accession no. NP_001005727.1), Chinchilla lanigera (accession no. NP_001269294.1), Mus musculus (accession no. NP_035256.2), and Rattus norvegicus (accession no. NP_742028.1), respectively. The recombinant protein corresponded to the expected molecular mass of 25.47 kDa as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and it was detected in the supernatant of P. pastoris, and it could be purified. The results from the test of inhibition effect of argali recombinant SPLUNC1 protein on MO showed that the product could inhibit MO very well (p<0.01). The amino acid sequence of Wild Argali SPLUNC1 was different from other organisms. The recombinant SPLUNC1 protein has good biological activity.
27620892	0	7	Cloning	T059,T063	C0598888
27620892	12	29	sequence analysis	T059,T063	C0162801
27620892	33	44	Wild Argali	T015	C1003273
27620892	45	92	short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1	T028	C1423701
27620892	93	97	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27620892	128	133	clone	T059,T063	C0598888
27620892	138	146	sequence	T086	C0162326
27620892	150	161	Wild Argali	T015	C1003273
27620892	162	209	short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1	T028	C1423701
27620892	211	218	SPLUNC1	T028	C1423701
27620892	220	224	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27620892	274	293	biological function	T038	C3714634
27620892	297	308	Wild Argali	T015	C1003273
27620892	309	316	SPLUNC1	T028	C1423701
27620892	331	339	sequence	T086	C0162326
27620892	343	354	Wild Argali	T015	C1003273
27620892	355	362	SPLUNC1	T028	C1423701
27620892	363	367	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27620892	385	404	rapid amplification	T045	C0683230
27620892	408	412	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27620892	430	445	coding sequence	T028	C0079941
27620892	468	481	pPIC9K vector	T114	C0086022
27620892	486	495	expressed	T045	C0017262
27620892	499	534	Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) GS115	T004	C0997362
27620892	540	567	recombinant SPLUNC1 protein	T116	C0034861
27620892	584	596	Western blot	T059	C0949466
27620892	613	651	Ni(2+) chelate affinity chromatography	T059	C0008551
27620892	679	686	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27620892	690	714	Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae	T007	C0317830
27620892	716	718	MO	T007	C0317830
27620892	739	774	real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1709846
27620892	780	791	Wild Argali	T015	C1003273
27620892	792	799	SPLUNC1	T028	C1423701
27620892	800	804	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27620892	826	844	open reading frame	T028	C0079941
27620892	862	869	encoded	T052	C2700640
27620892	882	889	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27620892	906	917	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27620892	923	942	amino acid sequence	T087	C0002518
27620892	1042	1049	SPLUNC1	T028	C1423701
27620892	1050	1054	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27620892	1060	1070	Ovis aries	T015	C1123019
27620892	1072	1100	accession no. NP_001288334.1	T170	C0282574
27620892	1103	1115	Capra hircus	T015	C0018019
27620892	1117	1145	accession no. XP_005688516.1	T170	C0282574
27620892	1148	1168	Pantholops hodgsonii	T015	C1084198
27620892	1170	1198	accession no. XP_005979709.1	T170	C0282574
27620892	1201	1211	Bos taurus	T015	C1140701
27620892	1213	1238	accession no. NP_776851.1	T170	C0282574
27620892	1241	1252	Felis catus	T015	C0007450
27620892	1254	1282	accession no. XP_006929910.1	T170	C0282574
27620892	1285	1297	Homo sapiens	T016	C0086418
27620892	1299	1327	accession no. NP_001230122.1	T170	C0282574
27620892	1330	1340	Sus scrofa	T015	C1135183
27620892	1342	1370	accession no. NP_001005727.1	T170	C0282574
27620892	1373	1392	Chinchilla lanigera	T015	C1005324
27620892	1394	1422	accession no. NP_001269294.1	T170	C0282574
27620892	1425	1437	Mus musculus	T015	C0025914
27620892	1439	1464	accession no. NP_035256.2	T170	C0282574
27620892	1471	1488	Rattus norvegicus	T015	C0034693
27620892	1490	1515	accession no. NP_742028.1	T170	C0282574
27620892	1536	1555	recombinant protein	T116	C0034861
27620892	1585	1599	molecular mass	T081	C3152252
27620892	1626	1683	sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis	T059,T062	C0600209
27620892	1727	1738	P. pastoris	T004	C0997362
27620892	1816	1822	argali	T015	C1003273
27620892	1823	1850	recombinant SPLUNC1 protein	T116	C0034861
27620892	1854	1856	MO	T007	C0317830
27620892	1895	1897	MO	T007	C0317830
27620892	1922	1941	amino acid sequence	T087	C0002518
27620892	1945	1956	Wild Argali	T015	C1003273
27620892	1957	1964	SPLUNC1	T028	C1423701
27620892	1990	1999	organisms	T001	C0029235
27620892	2005	2032	recombinant SPLUNC1 protein	T116	C0034861
27620892	2042	2061	biological activity	T052	C0441655

27621200|t|A pilot study exploring the relationship between self - compassion, self - judgement, self - kindness, compassion, professional quality of life and wellbeing among UK community nurses
27621200|a|Compassion fatigue and burnout can impact on performance of nurses. This paper explores the relationship between self - compassion, self - judgement, self - kindness, compassion, professional quality of life, and wellbeing among community nurses. To measure associations between self - compassion, compassion fatigue, wellbeing, and burnout in community nurses. Quantitative data were collected using standardised psychometric questionnaires: (1) Professional Quality of Life Scale; (2) Self-Compassion Scale; (3) short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale; (4) Compassion For Others Scale, used to measure relationships between self - compassion, compassion fatigue, wellbeing, and burnout. A cross sectional sample of registered community nurses (n=37) studying for a postgraduate diploma at a University in the North of England took part in this study. Results show that community nurses who score high on measures of self - compassion and wellbeing, also report less burnout. Greater compassion satisfaction was also positively associated with compassion for others, and wellbeing, whilst also being negatively correlated with burnout. High levels of self - compassion were linked with lower levels of burnout. Furthermore when community nurses have greater compassion satisfaction they also report more compassion for others, increased wellbeing, and less burnout. The implications of this are discussed alongside suggestions for the promotion of greater compassion
27621200	2	13	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27621200	28	40	relationship	T080	C0439849
27621200	49	53	self	T078	C0036588
27621200	56	66	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	68	72	self	T078	C0036588
27621200	75	84	judgement	T041	C0022423
27621200	86	90	self	T078	C0036588
27621200	93	101	kindness	T041	C0871641
27621200	103	113	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	115	143	professional quality of life	T078	C0034380
27621200	148	157	wellbeing	T033	C0031206
27621200	164	166	UK	T083	C0041700
27621200	167	183	community nurses	T097	C0557521
27621200	184	202	Compassion fatigue	T048	C4042834
27621200	207	214	burnout	T048	C0006433
27621200	219	225	impact	T080	C4049986
27621200	229	240	performance	T052	C1882330
27621200	244	250	nurses	T097	C0557521
27621200	276	288	relationship	T080	C0439849
27621200	297	301	self	T078	C0036588
27621200	304	314	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	316	320	self	T078	C0036588
27621200	323	332	judgement	T041	C0022423
27621200	334	338	self	T078	C0036588
27621200	341	349	kindness	T041	C0871641
27621200	351	361	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	363	391	professional quality of life	T078	C0034380
27621200	397	406	wellbeing	T033	C0031206
27621200	413	429	community nurses	T097	C0557521
27621200	434	441	measure	T081	C0079809
27621200	442	454	associations	T080	C0332281
27621200	463	467	self	T078	C0036588
27621200	470	480	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	482	500	compassion fatigue	T048	C4042834
27621200	502	511	wellbeing	T033	C0031206
27621200	517	524	burnout	T048	C0006433
27621200	528	544	community nurses	T097	C0557521
27621200	546	558	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
27621200	559	563	data	T078	C1511726
27621200	569	578	collected	T169	C1516698
27621200	585	597	standardised	T080	C1442989
27621200	598	625	psychometric questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27621200	631	665	Professional Quality of Life Scale	T170	C0451401
27621200	671	692	Self-Compassion Scale	T081	C0392762
27621200	698	744	short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale	T170	C4075266
27621200	750	777	Compassion For Others Scale	T081	C0392762
27621200	787	794	measure	T081	C0079809
27621200	795	808	relationships	T080	C0439849
27621200	817	821	self	T078	C0036588
27621200	824	834	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	836	854	compassion fatigue	T048	C4042834
27621200	856	865	wellbeing	T033	C0031206
27621200	871	878	burnout	T048	C0006433
27621200	882	897	cross sectional	T062	C0010362
27621200	908	935	registered community nurses	T097	C0687673
27621200	958	970	postgraduate	T077	C2983146
27621200	971	978	diploma	T033	C4035742
27621200	984	994	University	T073,T092	C0041740
27621200	1002	1018	North of England	T083	C0014282
27621200	1037	1042	study	T062	C0031928
27621200	1044	1051	Results	T169	C1274040
27621200	1062	1078	community nurses	T097	C0557521
27621200	1083	1088	score	T081	C0449820
27621200	1089	1093	high	T080	C0205250
27621200	1097	1105	measures	T081	C0079809
27621200	1109	1113	self	T078	C0036588
27621200	1116	1126	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	1131	1140	wellbeing	T033	C0031206
27621200	1154	1158	less	T080	C0547044
27621200	1159	1166	burnout	T048	C0006433
27621200	1168	1175	Greater	T081	C1704243
27621200	1176	1186	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	1187	1199	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27621200	1209	1219	positively	T033	C1446409
27621200	1220	1235	associated with	T080	C0332281
27621200	1236	1246	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	1263	1272	wellbeing	T033	C0031206
27621200	1292	1302	negatively	T033	C0205160
27621200	1303	1313	correlated	T080	C1707520
27621200	1319	1326	burnout	T048	C0006433
27621200	1328	1332	High	T080	C0205250
27621200	1333	1339	levels	T080	C0441889
27621200	1343	1347	self	T078	C0036588
27621200	1350	1360	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	1378	1383	lower	T052	C2003888
27621200	1384	1390	levels	T080	C0441889
27621200	1394	1401	burnout	T048	C0006433
27621200	1420	1436	community nurses	T097	C0557521
27621200	1442	1449	greater	T081	C1704243
27621200	1450	1460	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	1461	1473	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27621200	1496	1506	compassion	T054	C0242270
27621200	1519	1528	increased	T081	C0205217
27621200	1529	1538	wellbeing	T033	C0031206
27621200	1544	1548	less	T080	C0547044
27621200	1549	1556	burnout	T048	C0006433
27621200	1562	1574	implications	T169	C0205245
27621200	1607	1618	suggestions	T078	C1705535
27621200	1627	1636	promotion	T052	C0033414
27621200	1640	1647	greater	T081	C1704243
27621200	1648	1658	compassion	T054	C0242270

27621804|t|Comparison of left ventricular ejection fraction values obtained using invasive contrast left ventriculography, two-dimensional echocardiography, and gated single-photon emission computed tomography
27621804|a|Left ventricular ejection fraction can be measured by a variety of invasive and non-invasive cardiac techniques. This study assesses the relation of three diagnostic modalities to each other in the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction: invasive contrast left ventriculography, two-dimensional echocardiography, and quantitative gated single-photon emission computed tomography. Retrospective chart review was conducted on 58 patients hospitalized with chest pain, who underwent left ventricular ejection fraction evaluation using each of the aforementioned modalities within a 3-month period not interrupted by myocardial infarction or revascularization. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction values were as follows: invasive contrast left ventriculography (0.44±0.15), two-dimensional echocardiography (0.46±0.13), and gated single-photon emission computed tomography (0.37±0.10). Correlations coefficients and associated p values were as follows: invasive contrast left ventriculography versus two-dimensional echocardiography (r=0.69, p<0.001), invasive contrast left ventriculography versus gated single-photon emission computed tomography (r=0.80, p<0.0001), and gated single-photon emission computed tomography versus two-dimensional echocardiography (r=0.69, p<0.001). Our results indicate that strong positive correlations exist among the three techniques studied.
27621804	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27621804	14	55	left ventricular ejection fraction values	T201	C0428772
27621804	71	79	invasive	T080	C0205281
27621804	80	110	contrast left ventriculography	T060	C0412219
27621804	112	144	two-dimensional echocardiography	T060	C0013524
27621804	150	155	gated	T060	C2986758
27621804	156	198	single-photon emission computed tomography	T060	C0040399
27621804	199	233	Left ventricular ejection fraction	T201	C0428772
27621804	266	274	invasive	T080	C0205281
27621804	279	291	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27621804	292	310	cardiac techniques	T060	C2936236
27621804	354	364	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27621804	365	375	modalities	T078	C0695347
27621804	412	446	left ventricular ejection fraction	T201	C0428772
27621804	448	456	invasive	T080	C0205281
27621804	457	487	contrast left ventriculography	T060	C0412219
27621804	489	521	two-dimensional echocardiography	T060	C0013524
27621804	527	539	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27621804	540	545	gated	T060	C2986758
27621804	546	588	single-photon emission computed tomography	T060	C0040399
27621804	590	609	Retrospective chart	T170	C0684240
27621804	637	658	patients hospitalized	T101	C0870668
27621804	664	674	chest pain	T184	C0008031
27621804	690	735	left ventricular ejection fraction evaluation	T061	C2114363
27621804	769	779	modalities	T078	C0695347
27621804	823	844	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27621804	848	865	revascularization	T061	C0027056
27621804	871	917	mean left ventricular ejection fraction values	T201	C0428772
27621804	935	943	invasive	T080	C0205281
27621804	944	974	contrast left ventriculography	T060	C0412219
27621804	988	1020	two-dimensional echocardiography	T060	C0013524
27621804	1038	1043	gated	T060	C2986758
27621804	1044	1086	single-photon emission computed tomography	T060	C0040399
27621804	1100	1112	Correlations	T080	C1707520
27621804	1100	1125	Correlations coefficients	T081	C1707429
27621804	1167	1175	invasive	T080	C0205281
27621804	1176	1206	contrast left ventriculography	T060	C0412219
27621804	1214	1246	two-dimensional echocardiography	T060	C0013524
27621804	1266	1274	invasive	T080	C0205281
27621804	1275	1305	contrast left ventriculography	T060	C0412219
27621804	1313	1318	gated	T060	C2986758
27621804	1319	1361	single-photon emission computed tomography	T060	C0040399
27621804	1386	1391	gated	T060	C2986758
27621804	1392	1434	single-photon emission computed tomography	T060	C0040399
27621804	1442	1474	two-dimensional echocardiography	T060	C0013524
27621804	1527	1535	positive	T033	C1446409
27621804	1536	1548	correlations	T080	C1707520
27621804	1571	1581	techniques	T060	C2936236

27621870|t|Correlation of cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters with quality of life in stable COPD patients
27621870|a|The precise head to head relationships between Cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters and patients ' daily symptoms / activities and the disease social / emotional impact are less well defined. In this study, the correlation of COPD daily symptoms and quality of life [assessed by St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)] and COPD severity index (BODE-index) with CPET parameters were investigated. Symptom -limited CPET was performed in 37 consecutive COPD (GOLD I-III) subjects during non- exacerbation phase. The SGRQ was also completed by each patient. SGRQ-score correlated negatively with FEV1 (r=-0.49, P<0.01), predicted maximal work-rate (%WR-max) (r=-0.44, P<0.01), V'O2 / WR (r=-0.52, P<0.01) and breathing reserve (r=-0.50, P<0.01). However it did not correlate with Peak-V'O2 % predicted (r=-0.27, P=0.10). In 20 (54.1%) subjects in which leg fatigue was the main cause for stopping the test, Peak-V'O2, %WR-max, HR-Reserve and Breathing reserve were higher (P=0.04, <0.01, 0.04 and <0.01 respectively) than the others. There was also a significant correlation between BODE-index and ∆VO2 / ∆WR (r=-0.64, P<0.001) and breathing-reserve (r=-0.38, P=0.018). The observed relationships between CPET parameter and daily subjective complaints in COPD were not strong. Those who discontinued the CPET because of leg fatigue were in the earlier stages of COPD. Significant negative correlation between ∆VO2 / ∆WR and BODE-index suggests that along with COPD progression, regardless of negative past history, other comorbidities such as cardiac / musculoskeletal problems should be sought.
27621870	0	11	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27621870	15	47	cardiopulmonary exercise testing	T060	C2959886
27621870	48	58	parameters	T077	C0549193
27621870	64	79	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27621870	83	89	stable	T033	C0677946
27621870	90	94	COPD	T047	C0024117
27621870	95	103	patients	T101	C0030705
27621870	129	142	relationships	T080	C0439849
27621870	151	184	Cardio-pulmonary exercise testing	T060	C2959886
27621870	186	190	CPET	T060	C2959886
27621870	192	202	parameters	T077	C0549193
27621870	207	215	patients	T101	C0030705
27621870	218	232	daily symptoms	T033	C0436354
27621870	235	245	activities	T056	C0871707
27621870	254	261	disease	T047	C0012634
27621870	262	268	social	T080	C0162468
27621870	271	287	emotional impact	T201	C1514593
27621870	330	341	correlation	T080	C1707520
27621870	345	349	COPD	T047	C0024117
27621870	350	364	daily symptoms	T033	C0436354
27621870	369	384	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27621870	398	436	St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire	T170	C0451500
27621870	438	442	SGRQ	T170	C0451500
27621870	449	453	COPD	T047	C0024117
27621870	454	468	severity index	T170	C4053940
27621870	470	480	BODE-index	T170	C4053940
27621870	487	491	CPET	T060	C2959886
27621870	492	502	parameters	T077	C0549193
27621870	522	529	Symptom	T184	C1457887
27621870	539	543	CPET	T060	C2959886
27621870	564	575	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27621870	576	580	COPD	T047	C0024117
27621870	582	592	GOLD I-III	T060	C0699749
27621870	615	627	exacerbation	T047	C0740304
27621870	628	633	phase	T079	C0205390
27621870	639	643	SGRQ	T170	C0451500
27621870	671	678	patient	T101	C0030705
27621870	680	690	SGRQ-score	T201	C3472502
27621870	691	701	correlated	T080	C1707520
27621870	702	712	negatively	T033	C0205160
27621870	718	722	FEV1	T060	C0849974
27621870	742	751	predicted	T078	C0681842
27621870	752	769	maximal work-rate	T033	C0744679
27621870	771	778	%WR-max	T033	C0744679
27621870	799	803	V'O2	T033	C0429627
27621870	806	808	WR	T201	C0018810
27621870	831	848	breathing reserve	T081	C0392762
27621870	879	896	did not correlate	T033	C0243095
27621870	902	911	Peak-V'O2	T033	C0429693
27621870	975	1027	leg fatigue was the main cause for stopping the test	T033	C2036296
27621870	1029	1038	Peak-V'O2	T033	C0429693
27621870	1040	1047	%WR-max	T033	C0744679
27621870	1049	1059	HR-Reserve	T081	C0392762
27621870	1064	1081	Breathing reserve	T081	C0392762
27621870	1173	1184	significant	T081	C0237881
27621870	1185	1196	correlation	T080	C1707520
27621870	1205	1215	BODE-index	T170	C4053940
27621870	1220	1224	∆VO2	T033	C0429627
27621870	1227	1230	∆WR	T201	C0018810
27621870	1254	1271	breathing-reserve	T081	C0392762
27621870	1305	1318	relationships	T080	C0439849
27621870	1327	1331	CPET	T060	C2959886
27621870	1332	1341	parameter	T077	C0549193
27621870	1346	1351	daily	T079	C0332173
27621870	1352	1373	subjective complaints	T041	C2936631
27621870	1377	1381	COPD	T047	C0024117
27621870	1426	1430	CPET	T060	C2959886
27621870	1431	1453	because of leg fatigue	T033	C2036296
27621870	1466	1480	earlier stages	T079	C2363430
27621870	1484	1488	COPD	T047	C0024117
27621870	1502	1510	negative	T033	C0205160
27621870	1511	1522	correlation	T080	C1707520
27621870	1531	1535	∆VO2	T033	C0429627
27621870	1538	1541	∆WR	T201	C0018810
27621870	1546	1556	BODE-index	T170	C4053940
27621870	1582	1586	COPD	T047	C0024117
27621870	1587	1598	progression	T046	C0242656
27621870	1614	1635	negative past history	T033	C3699386
27621870	1643	1656	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27621870	1665	1672	cardiac	T033	C0262402
27621870	1675	1699	musculoskeletal problems	T033	C0026859

27621953|t|Intrapartum Cervical Laceration and Subsequent Pregnancy Outcomes
27621953|a|The objective of this study was to describe pregnancy outcomes, including cervical insufficiency and preterm birth, in the subsequent pregnancy following an intrapartum cervical laceration. Retrospective cohort of women with their first two consecutive singleton pregnancies carried to ≥ 20(0/7) weeks ' gestation within a tertiary health care system from 2002 to 2012. Cervical laceration cases were identified by ICD9 codes and included if suture repair was required. In this study, 55 women were confirmed to have a cervical laceration in the first delivery; 43 lacerations after vaginal delivery (VD) and 12 after cesarean delivery (CD). The median gestational age of the first delivery was 40(0/7) weeks and the median birth weight 3,545 g; these did not differ between VD and CD. In the second pregnancy, 2 of 55 women (4.6%) had a prophylactic cerclage placed; 1 carried to term and the other delivered at 35(6/7) weeks. In total, four women (9.3%) delivered the second pregnancy < 37 weeks: three had a prior term VD and one had a prior 34 weeks VD. There was only one case of recurrent cervical laceration, occurring in the setting of vaginal deliveries. Obstetric cervical lacerations are uncommon. Complications in the following pregnancy were low, despite lack of additional prophylactic cerclage use.
27621953	0	11	Intrapartum	T079	C0456337
27621953	12	31	Cervical Laceration	T037	C0007851
27621953	47	65	Pregnancy Outcomes	T033	C0032972
27621953	70	79	objective	T170	C0018017
27621953	88	93	study	T062	C2603343
27621953	110	128	pregnancy outcomes	T033	C0032972
27621953	140	162	cervical insufficiency	T047	C1401059
27621953	167	180	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
27621953	200	209	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27621953	210	219	following	T079	C0332282
27621953	223	234	intrapartum	T079	C0456337
27621953	235	254	cervical laceration	T037	C0007851
27621953	270	276	cohort	T098	C0599755
27621953	280	285	women	T098	C0043210
27621953	307	318	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27621953	319	340	singleton pregnancies	T040	C0341899
27621953	362	367	weeks	T079	C0439230
27621953	370	379	gestation	T040	C0032961
27621953	389	416	tertiary health care system	T093	C0018696
27621953	436	455	Cervical laceration	T037	C0007851
27621953	456	461	cases	T077	C1706256
27621953	467	477	identified	T080	C0205396
27621953	481	491	ICD9 codes	T170	C1550213
27621953	496	504	included	T169	C0332257
27621953	508	521	suture repair	T061	C0087111
27621953	526	534	required	T169	C1514873
27621953	544	549	study	T062	C2603343
27621953	554	559	women	T098	C0043210
27621953	565	574	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27621953	585	604	cervical laceration	T037	C0007851
27621953	618	626	delivery	T040	C0005615
27621953	631	642	lacerations	T037	C0043246
27621953	649	665	vaginal delivery	T061	C1541822
27621953	666	670	(VD)	T061	C1541822
27621953	684	701	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
27621953	702	706	(CD)	T061	C0007876
27621953	712	718	median	T081	C0876920
27621953	719	734	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27621953	748	756	delivery	T040	C0005615
27621953	769	774	weeks	T079	C0439230
27621953	783	789	median	T081	C0876920
27621953	790	802	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27621953	826	832	differ	T080	C1705242
27621953	841	843	VD	T061	C1541822
27621953	848	850	CD	T061	C0007876
27621953	866	875	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27621953	885	890	women	T098	C0043210
27621953	904	916	prophylactic	T169	C0445202
27621953	917	925	cerclage	T061	C0195681
27621953	936	943	carried	T052	C0206243
27621953	947	951	term	T040	C0233324
27621953	966	975	delivered	T033	C0151526
27621953	987	992	weeks	T079	C0439230
27621953	997	1002	total	T080	C0439810
27621953	1009	1014	women	T098	C0043210
27621953	1022	1031	delivered	T033	C0151526
27621953	1043	1052	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27621953	1058	1063	weeks	T079	C0439230
27621953	1077	1082	prior	T079	C0332152
27621953	1083	1087	term	T040	C0233324
27621953	1088	1090	VD	T061	C1541822
27621953	1105	1110	prior	T079	C0332152
27621953	1114	1119	weeks	T079	C0439230
27621953	1120	1122	VD	T061	C1541822
27621953	1143	1147	case	T077	C1706256
27621953	1151	1160	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27621953	1161	1180	cervical laceration	T037	C0007851
27621953	1182	1191	occurring	T052	C1709305
27621953	1199	1206	setting	T169	C0868928
27621953	1210	1228	vaginal deliveries	T061	C1541822
27621953	1230	1239	Obstetric	T169	C0205484
27621953	1240	1260	cervical lacerations	T037	C0007851
27621953	1265	1273	uncommon	T080	C0522498
27621953	1275	1288	Complications	T046	C0009566
27621953	1296	1305	following	T079	C0332282
27621953	1306	1315	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27621953	1321	1324	low	T080	C0205251
27621953	1334	1338	lack	T080	C0332268
27621953	1353	1365	prophylactic	T169	C0445202
27621953	1366	1374	cerclage	T061	C0195681

27622027|t|CD169 identifies an activated CD8(+) T cell subset in regional lymph nodes that predicts favorable prognosis in colorectal cancer patients
27622027|a|CD169 was first identified on macrophages (Mϕ) and linked to antigen presentation. Here, we showed CD169 expression on some CD8(+) T lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes (LNs) and investigated the function and clinical relevance of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells in tumor-draining LNs of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Fresh tumor-draining LN tissues from 39 randomly enrolled patients were assessed by flow cytometry for activation and differentiation of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells and T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells. In total, 114 tumor-draining LN paraffin sections from CRC patients were analyzed by multiple-color immunofluorescence for CD169(+)CD8(+) T cell distribution and clinical values. The prognostic significance of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. A fraction of CD8(+) T cells in regional LNs, but not peripheral blood, tonsils, or tumors, expressed surface CD169. In situ detection of draining LNs revealed preferential localization of CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells to subcapsular sinus and interfollicular regions, closely associated with CD169(+) Mϕ. CD169(+)CD8(+) T cell ratios were significantly lower in peri-tumor LNs than distant-tumor LNs. CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells predominantly expressed activation markers (CD69, HLA-DR, PD-1) with slightly lower CD45RA and CD62L levels. They produced high granzyme B, perforin, TNF-α, and IFNγ levels, and promoted tumor-killing efficiency ex vitro. Moreover, CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells infiltrating tumor-draining LNs decreased with disease progression and were strongly associated with CRC patient survival. We identified novel activated / cytolytic CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells selectively present in regional LNs, potentially serving as a powerful prognostic factor and indicator for selecting patients for immunotherapy.
27622027	0	5	CD169	T116,T123	C1608815
27622027	6	16	identifies	T033	C0243095
27622027	20	29	activated	T025	C1515879
27622027	30	43	CD8(+) T cell	T025	C0242629
27622027	44	50	subset	T185	C0079720
27622027	54	74	regional lymph nodes	T023	C1179441
27622027	80	88	predicts	T078	C0681842
27622027	89	98	favorable	T080	C3640814
27622027	99	108	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27622027	112	129	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27622027	130	138	patients	T101	C0030705
27622027	139	144	CD169	T116,T123	C1608815
27622027	169	180	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27622027	182	184	Mϕ	T025	C0024432
27622027	200	220	antigen presentation	T043	C0206431
27622027	238	254	CD169 expression	T045	C0017262
27622027	263	283	CD8(+) T lymphocytes	T025	C0242629
27622027	287	307	regional lymph nodes	T023	C1179441
27622027	309	312	LNs	T023	C1179441
27622027	318	330	investigated	T169	C1292732
27622027	335	343	function	T039	C0031843
27622027	348	366	clinical relevance	T033	C0243095
27622027	370	392	CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0039194
27622027	396	414	tumor-draining LNs	T023	C0024204
27622027	418	435	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27622027	437	440	CRC	T191	C1527249
27622027	442	450	patients	T101	C0030705
27622027	452	483	Fresh tumor-draining LN tissues	T024	C0440747
27622027	492	500	randomly	T080	C0439605
27622027	501	518	enrolled patients	T033	C4316108
27622027	524	532	assessed	T052	C1516048
27622027	536	550	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27622027	555	565	activation	T025	C1440937
27622027	570	585	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27622027	589	611	CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0039194
27622027	616	654	T cell-mediated killing of tumor cells	T043	C1523368
27622027	670	687	tumor-draining LN	T023	C0024204
27622027	711	714	CRC	T191	C1527249
27622027	715	723	patients	T101	C0030705
27622027	741	774	multiple-color immunofluorescence	T059	C0016318
27622027	779	800	CD169(+)CD8(+) T cell	T025	C0039194
27622027	801	813	distribution	T169	C1704711
27622027	839	849	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27622027	850	862	significance	T080	C0205556
27622027	866	888	CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0039194
27622027	893	902	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27622027	906	927	Kaplan-Meier analysis	T081	C1720943
27622027	931	942	fraction of	T081	C1264633
27622027	943	957	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
27622027	961	973	regional LNs	T023	C1179441
27622027	983	999	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27622027	1001	1008	tonsils	T023	C0836921
27622027	1013	1019	tumors	T191	C0027651
27622027	1021	1044	expressed surface CD169	T116,T123	C1608815
27622027	1046	1053	In situ	T082	C0444498
27622027	1054	1063	detection	T061	C1511790
27622027	1067	1079	draining LNs	T023	C0024204
27622027	1080	1088	revealed	T080	C0443289
27622027	1102	1114	localization	T169	C0475264
27622027	1118	1140	CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0039194
27622027	1144	1161	subcapsular sinus	T024	C1518052
27622027	1166	1189	interfollicular regions	T029	C1512836
27622027	1199	1214	associated with	T080	C0332281
27622027	1215	1226	CD169(+) Mϕ	T025	C0024432
27622027	1228	1249	CD169(+)CD8(+) T cell	T025	C0039194
27622027	1250	1256	ratios	T081	C0456603
27622027	1285	1295	peri-tumor	T082	C1254362
27622027	1296	1299	LNs	T023	C0024204
27622027	1305	1318	distant-tumor	T082	C1254362
27622027	1319	1322	LNs	T023	C0024204
27622027	1324	1346	CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0039194
27622027	1347	1360	predominantly	T080	C0205556
27622027	1371	1389	activation markers	T201	C0005516
27622027	1391	1395	CD69	T116,T129	C0108800
27622027	1397	1403	HLA-DR	T116,T129	C0019764
27622027	1405	1409	PD-1	T116,T123	C0135710
27622027	1431	1437	CD45RA	T116,T129	C0108789
27622027	1442	1447	CD62L	T116,T129,T192	C0125090
27622027	1448	1454	levels	T080	C0441889
27622027	1470	1474	high	T080	C0205250
27622027	1475	1485	granzyme B	T116,T126	C0061878
27622027	1487	1495	perforin	T116,T123	C0070410
27622027	1497	1502	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27622027	1508	1512	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27622027	1513	1519	levels	T080	C0441889
27622027	1534	1558	tumor-killing efficiency	T061	C1446301
27622027	1559	1567	ex vitro	T082	C1254362
27622027	1579	1601	CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0039194
27622027	1602	1614	infiltrating	T046	C0332448
27622027	1615	1633	tumor-draining LNs	T023	C0024204
27622027	1634	1643	decreased	T081	C0205216
27622027	1649	1668	disease progression	T046	C0242656
27622027	1687	1702	associated with	T080	C0332281
27622027	1703	1706	CRC	T191	C1527249
27622027	1707	1714	patient	T101	C0030705
27622027	1715	1723	survival	T052	C0038952
27622027	1728	1738	identified	T080	C0205396
27622027	1745	1754	activated	T025	C1440937
27622027	1757	1789	cytolytic CD169(+)CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0039195
27622027	1813	1825	regional LNs	T023	C1179441
27622027	1861	1878	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
27622027	1883	1892	indicator	T169	C1522602
27622027	1897	1906	selecting	T052	C1707391
27622027	1907	1915	patients	T101	C0030705
27622027	1920	1933	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083

27622096|t|Plastic Surgery and Suicide: A Clinical Guide for Plastic Surgeons
27622096|a|Several studies have identified an increased risk of suicide among patient populations which a plastic surgeon may have a high risk of encountering: women undergoing breast augmentation, cosmetic surgery patients, and breast cancer patients. No formal guidelines exist to assist a plastic surgeon when faced with such a patient, and not every plastic surgery team has mental health clinicians that are readily accessible for consultation or referral. The goal of this clinical guide is to offer plastic surgeons a set of practical approaches to manage potentially suicidal patients. In addition, the authors review a screening tool, which can assist surgeons when encountering high-risk patients.
27622096	0	15	Plastic Surgery	T061	C0677616
27622096	20	27	Suicide	T033	C0038661
27622096	31	45	Clinical Guide	T170	C0681467
27622096	50	66	Plastic Surgeons	T097	C0279538
27622096	102	111	increased	T081	C0205217
27622096	112	116	risk	T078	C0035647
27622096	120	127	suicide	T033	C0038661
27622096	134	141	patient	T101	C0030705
27622096	142	153	populations	T098	C1257890
27622096	162	177	plastic surgeon	T097	C0279538
27622096	189	201	high risk of	T033	C0332167
27622096	202	214	encountering	T053	C1947978
27622096	216	221	women	T098	C0043210
27622096	233	252	breast augmentation	T033	C1390444
27622096	254	270	cosmetic surgery	T061	C1318456
27622096	271	279	patients	T101	C0030705
27622096	285	298	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27622096	299	307	patients	T101	C0030705
27622096	319	329	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27622096	348	363	plastic surgeon	T097	C0279538
27622096	387	394	patient	T101	C0030705
27622096	410	425	plastic surgery	T061	C0677616
27622096	426	430	team	T096	C0871489
27622096	435	448	mental health	T041	C0025353
27622096	449	459	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27622096	492	504	consultation	T058	C0009818
27622096	508	516	referral	T058	C0034927
27622096	535	549	clinical guide	T170	C0681467
27622096	562	578	plastic surgeons	T097	C0279538
27622096	588	608	practical approaches	T169	C1292724
27622096	631	639	suicidal	T033	C0438696
27622096	640	648	patients	T101	C0030705
27622096	684	693	screening	T058	C1710032
27622096	694	698	tool	UnknownType	C0541506
27622096	717	725	surgeons	T097	C0279538
27622096	731	743	encountering	T053	C1947978
27622096	744	753	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27622096	754	762	patients	T101	C0030705

27622108|t|The Influence of Palatoplasty on Eating Function
27622108|a|Postoperative dietary control and surgical procedures are important for minimizing complications after a palatoplasty because the palate is always exposed to stresses by various movements associated with eating. Currently, we provide fluid foods (food paste, liquid food, and soft food) to postpalatoplasty patients. However, nutritional inadequacies associated with fluid food necessitate the need to develop a new food specifically for postpalatoplasty patients. Although evaluating the influence of a palatoplasty on eating function is important for the development of a new diet, no data have been published on this topic. Thus, to evaluate the influence of a palatoplasty on eating function, we analyzed postoperative changes in the eating condition of cleft palate patients. We performed a retrospective study. All participants had undergone surgery for a cleft palate at our hospital. Nurses recorded the amount of food that patients consumed as a ratio of the whole meal, and we extracted data on the food type and the amount consumed at each meal from their medical records. After the ratio was expressed as a percentage of the whole meal (eating rate), we calculated the mean value of the percentage of the subject group and examined chronological changes. The eating rate was very low on postoperative day 1, it improved over time and was constant on postoperative day 7. From this result, we concluded that palatoplasty greatly influences the eating function of patients, and the influence lasts for at least a week after surgery.
27622108	4	13	Influence	T077	C4054723
27622108	17	29	Palatoplasty	T061	C0337358
27622108	33	48	Eating Function	T040	C0013470
27622108	49	62	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
27622108	63	78	dietary control	T061	C0743195
27622108	83	102	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
27622108	121	131	minimizing	T080	C0392756
27622108	132	145	complications	T046	C0032787
27622108	154	166	palatoplasty	T061	C0337358
27622108	179	185	palate	T023	C0700374
27622108	196	206	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27622108	207	215	stresses	T046	C0449430
27622108	227	236	movements	T040	C0026649
27622108	237	252	associated with	T080	C0332281
27622108	253	259	eating	T040	C0013470
27622108	283	288	fluid	T167	C1704353
27622108	289	294	foods	T168	C0016452
27622108	296	300	food	T168	C0016452
27622108	301	306	paste	T167	C0030634
27622108	308	314	liquid	T167	C0302908
27622108	315	319	food	T168	C0016452
27622108	325	334	soft food	T168	C0453854
27622108	339	364	postpalatoplasty patients	T101	C0030705
27622108	375	386	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27622108	387	399	inadequacies	T080	C0205412
27622108	400	415	associated with	T080	C0332281
27622108	416	421	fluid	T167	C1704353
27622108	422	426	food	T168	C0016452
27622108	465	469	food	T168	C0016452
27622108	487	512	postpalatoplasty patients	T101	C0030705
27622108	523	533	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27622108	538	547	influence	T077	C4054723
27622108	553	565	palatoplasty	T061	C0337358
27622108	569	584	eating function	T040	C0013470
27622108	606	617	development	T169	C1527148
27622108	627	631	diet	T168	C0012155
27622108	633	640	no data	T080	C1546437
27622108	685	693	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27622108	698	707	influence	T077	C4054723
27622108	713	725	palatoplasty	T061	C0337358
27622108	729	744	eating function	T040	C0013470
27622108	749	757	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27622108	758	771	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27622108	772	779	changes	T169	C0392747
27622108	787	793	eating	T040	C0013470
27622108	794	803	condition	T080	C0348080
27622108	807	819	cleft palate	T019	C0008925
27622108	820	828	patients	T101	C0030705
27622108	845	864	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27622108	870	882	participants	T098	C0679646
27622108	897	904	surgery	T061	C0543467
27622108	911	923	cleft palate	T019	C0008925
27622108	931	939	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27622108	941	947	Nurses	T097	C0028661
27622108	961	967	amount	T081	C1265611
27622108	971	975	food	T168	C0016452
27622108	981	989	patients	T101	C0030705
27622108	1004	1009	ratio	T081	C0456603
27622108	1017	1022	whole	T081	C0444667
27622108	1023	1027	meal	T056	C1998602
27622108	1046	1050	data	T078	C1511726
27622108	1058	1062	food	T168	C0016452
27622108	1063	1067	type	T080	C0332307
27622108	1076	1082	amount	T081	C1265611
27622108	1083	1091	consumed	T033	C0243095
27622108	1100	1104	meal	T056	C1998602
27622108	1116	1131	medical records	T170	C0025102
27622108	1143	1148	ratio	T081	C0456603
27622108	1168	1178	percentage	T081	C0439165
27622108	1186	1191	whole	T081	C0444667
27622108	1192	1196	meal	T056	C1998602
27622108	1198	1204	eating	T040	C0013470
27622108	1205	1209	rate	T081	C1521828
27622108	1215	1225	calculated	T052	C1441506
27622108	1230	1240	mean value	T081	C1522609
27622108	1248	1258	percentage	T081	C0439165
27622108	1266	1279	subject group	UnknownType	C0681860
27622108	1293	1314	chronological changes	T169	C0392747
27622108	1320	1326	eating	T040	C0013470
27622108	1327	1331	rate	T081	C1521828
27622108	1341	1344	low	T080	C0205251
27622108	1348	1361	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27622108	1362	1365	day	T079	C0439228
27622108	1386	1390	time	T079	C0040223
27622108	1399	1407	constant	T080	C1948059
27622108	1411	1424	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27622108	1425	1428	day	T079	C0439228
27622108	1442	1448	result	T169	C1274040
27622108	1468	1480	palatoplasty	T061	C0337358
27622108	1489	1499	influences	T077	C4054723
27622108	1504	1519	eating function	T040	C0013470
27622108	1523	1531	patients	T101	C0030705
27622108	1541	1550	influence	T077	C4054723
27622108	1572	1576	week	T079	C0439230
27622108	1583	1590	surgery	T061	C0543467

27622771|t|Appearance Differences Between Lots and Brands of Similar Shade Designations of Dental Composite Resins
27622771|a|The purposes of this study were to investigate differences in two inherent appearance characteristics between lots of an enamel dental composite resin of the same shade and brand, and to further compare these differences to those of similar shade designation of a different brand of dental composite resins. Appearance analyses proceeded for three different lots of shades A1, B2, and D3 manufactured by one company and for one lot of shade EA1 manufactured by another. Samples were measured on black, white, and gray backings using spectroradiometry. Kubelka-Munk theory was used to determine reflectivity of each lot studied. CIELAB values and color differences between shades and lots were analyzed. Translucency indicators were compared between lots over thicknesses from 0.5 to 3.0 mm. Differences in inherent color between some lots of same shade designations within a brand were found to be above the acceptability threshold. Color difference between an enamel composite resin of shade A1 and a composite resin of shade EA1 was also above the acceptability threshold. Statistically significant differences in the translucency were found between some lots of one shade over the entire range of thicknesses studied. Appearance analyses indicate substantial variation between lots of same shade designations as well as between brands of similar shade designations. Optical principles applied to important clinical appearance attributes are described which characterize inherent appearance attributes and provide aid in the appearance matching process for dental composite resins used in restorative and operative dental procedures. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:E6-E14, 2017).
27622771	0	10	Appearance	T080	C0700364
27622771	11	22	Differences	T080	C1705242
27622771	31	35	Lots	T170	C3272563
27622771	40	46	Brands	T170	C0592503
27622771	58	63	Shade	T080	C0009393
27622771	64	76	Designations	T170	C0600091
27622771	80	103	Dental Composite Resins	T109,T122	C0891703
27622771	108	116	purposes	T169	C1285529
27622771	125	130	study	T062	C2603343
27622771	139	150	investigate	T169	C1292732
27622771	151	162	differences	T080	C1705242
27622771	170	178	inherent	T080	C2347662
27622771	179	189	appearance	T080	C0700364
27622771	190	205	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27622771	214	218	lots	T170	C3272563
27622771	225	254	enamel dental composite resin	T109,T122	C0891703
27622771	267	272	shade	T080	C0009393
27622771	277	282	brand	T170	C0592503
27622771	299	306	compare	T052	C1707455
27622771	313	324	differences	T080	C1705242
27622771	345	350	shade	T080	C0009393
27622771	351	362	designation	T170	C0600091
27622771	368	377	different	T080	C1705242
27622771	378	383	brand	T170	C0592503
27622771	387	410	dental composite resins	T109,T122	C0891703
27622771	412	422	Appearance	T080	C0700364
27622771	423	431	analyses	T062	C0936012
27622771	432	441	proceeded	T079	C0439659
27622771	462	466	lots	T170	C3272563
27622771	470	476	shades	T080	C0009393
27622771	477	479	A1	T185	C0008902
27622771	481	483	B2	T185	C0008902
27622771	489	491	D3	T185	C0008902
27622771	492	504	manufactured	T057	C0870840
27622771	512	519	company	T073,T092	C0683757
27622771	532	535	lot	T170	C3272563
27622771	539	544	shade	T080	C0009393
27622771	545	548	EA1	T185	C0008902
27622771	549	561	manufactured	T057	C0870840
27622771	574	581	Samples	T167	C0370003
27622771	587	595	measured	T080	C0444706
27622771	599	604	black	T080	C0439541
27622771	606	611	white	T080	C0220938
27622771	617	621	gray	T080	C1269776
27622771	622	630	backings	T077	C1706907
27622771	637	654	spectroradiometry	T059	C0034603
27622771	656	675	Kubelka-Munk theory	T078	C0871935
27622771	698	710	reflectivity	T081	C4054089
27622771	719	722	lot	T170	C3272563
27622771	723	730	studied	T062	C2603343
27622771	732	745	CIELAB values	T080	C0042295
27622771	750	755	color	T080	C0009393
27622771	756	767	differences	T080	C1705242
27622771	776	782	shades	T080	C0009393
27622771	787	791	lots	T170	C3272563
27622771	797	805	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27622771	807	819	Translucency	T080	C0522503
27622771	820	830	indicators	T130	C0021212
27622771	836	844	compared	T052	C1707455
27622771	853	857	lots	T170	C3272563
27622771	863	874	thicknesses	T080	C1280412
27622771	895	906	Differences	T080	C1705242
27622771	910	918	inherent	T080	C2347662
27622771	919	924	color	T080	C0009393
27622771	938	942	lots	T170	C3272563
27622771	951	956	shade	T080	C0009393
27622771	957	969	designations	T170	C0600091
27622771	979	984	brand	T170	C0592503
27622771	1012	1025	acceptability	T080	C0814633
27622771	1026	1035	threshold	T080	C0449864
27622771	1037	1042	Color	T080	C0009393
27622771	1043	1053	difference	T080	C1705242
27622771	1065	1087	enamel composite resin	T109,T122	C0891703
27622771	1091	1096	shade	T080	C0009393
27622771	1097	1099	A1	T185	C0008902
27622771	1106	1121	composite resin	T109,T122	C0891703
27622771	1125	1130	shade	T080	C0009393
27622771	1131	1134	EA1	T185	C0008902
27622771	1154	1167	acceptability	T080	C0814633
27622771	1168	1177	threshold	T080	C0449864
27622771	1179	1204	Statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27622771	1205	1216	differences	T080	C1705242
27622771	1224	1236	translucency	T080	C0522503
27622771	1261	1265	lots	T170	C3272563
27622771	1273	1278	shade	T080	C0009393
27622771	1295	1300	range	T081	C1514721
27622771	1304	1315	thicknesses	T080	C1280412
27622771	1316	1323	studied	T062	C2603343
27622771	1325	1335	Appearance	T080	C0700364
27622771	1336	1344	analyses	T062	C0936012
27622771	1345	1353	indicate	T078	C3146298
27622771	1366	1375	variation	T080	C0205419
27622771	1384	1388	lots	T170	C3272563
27622771	1397	1402	shade	T080	C0009393
27622771	1403	1415	designations	T170	C0600091
27622771	1435	1441	brands	T170	C0592503
27622771	1453	1458	shade	T080	C0009393
27622771	1459	1471	designations	T170	C0600091
27622771	1473	1480	Optical	T090	C0029144
27622771	1492	1499	applied	T169	C4048755
27622771	1503	1512	important	T080	C3898777
27622771	1513	1521	clinical	T080	C0205210
27622771	1522	1532	appearance	T080	C0700364
27622771	1564	1576	characterize	T052	C1880022
27622771	1577	1585	inherent	T080	C2347662
27622771	1586	1596	appearance	T080	C0700364
27622771	1620	1623	aid	T080	C1269765
27622771	1631	1641	appearance	T080	C0700364
27622771	1642	1650	matching	T080	C1708943
27622771	1651	1658	process	T067	C1522240
27622771	1663	1686	dental composite resins	T109,T122	C0891703
27622771	1695	1706	restorative	T061	C0204217
27622771	1711	1738	operative dental procedures	T061	C0543467

27623277|t|Patient Preferences in Treatment Choices for Early-Stage Lung Cancer
27623277|a|Decision-making for lung cancer treatment can be complex because it involves both provider recommendations based on the patient's clinical condition and patient preferences. This study describes the relative importance of several considerations in lung cancer treatment from the patient's perspective. A conjoint preference experiment began by asking respondents to imagine that they had just been diagnosed with lung cancer. Respondents then chose among procedures that differed regarding treatment modalities, the potential for treatment -related complications, the likelihood of recurrence, provider case volume, and distance needed to travel for treatment. Conjoint analysis derived relative weights for these attributes. A total of 225 responses were analyzed. Respondents were most willing to accept minimally invasive operations for treatment of their hypothetical lung cancer, followed by stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT); they were least willing to accept thoracotomy. Treatment type and risk of recurrence were the most important attributes from the conjoint experiment (each with a relative weight of 0.23), followed by provider volume (relative weight of 0.21), risk of major complications (relative weight of 0.18), and distance needed to travel for treatment (relative weight of 0.15). Procedural and treatment preferences did not vary with demographics, self-reported health status, or familiarity with the procedures. Survey respondents preferred minimally invasive operations over SBRT or thoracotomy for treatment of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Treatment modality and risk of cancer recurrence were the most important factors associated with treatment preferences. Provider experience outweighed the potential need to travel for lung cancer treatment.
27623277	0	19	Patient Preferences	T080	C0376409
27623277	23	32	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	33	40	Choices	T052	C1707391
27623277	45	56	Early-Stage	T079	C2363430
27623277	57	68	Lung Cancer	T191	C0242379
27623277	69	84	Decision-making	T041	C0011109
27623277	89	100	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27623277	101	110	treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	118	125	complex	T080	C0439855
27623277	151	159	provider	T097	C0031831
27623277	160	175	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27623277	189	198	patient's	T101	C0030705
27623277	199	207	clinical	T080	C0205210
27623277	208	217	condition	T080	C0348080
27623277	222	241	patient preferences	T080	C0376409
27623277	248	253	study	T062	C2603343
27623277	299	313	considerations	T033	C0518609
27623277	317	328	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27623277	329	338	treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	348	357	patient's	T101	C0030705
27623277	358	369	perspective	T041	C0871010
27623277	373	403	conjoint preference experiment	T062	C0681814
27623277	420	431	respondents	T098	C0282122
27623277	467	476	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27623277	482	493	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27623277	495	506	Respondents	T098	C0282122
27623277	512	517	chose	T052	C1707391
27623277	524	534	procedures	T061	C0087111
27623277	559	568	treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	569	579	modalities	T077	C3889585
27623277	599	608	treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	618	631	complications	T046	C0009566
27623277	637	647	likelihood	T081	C0033204
27623277	651	661	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27623277	663	671	provider	T097	C0031831
27623277	672	676	case	T169	C0868928
27623277	677	683	volume	T081	C0449468
27623277	689	697	distance	T081	C0012751
27623277	698	704	needed	T169	C1514873
27623277	708	714	travel	T056	C0040802
27623277	719	728	treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	730	747	Conjoint analysis	T062	C0681814
27623277	783	793	attributes	T080	C1521970
27623277	810	819	responses	T170	C1706817
27623277	825	833	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27623277	835	846	Respondents	T098	C0282122
27623277	875	884	minimally	T080	C0547040
27623277	885	904	invasive operations	T061	C4048276
27623277	909	918	treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	941	952	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27623277	966	1001	stereotactic body radiation therapy	T061	C3896609
27623277	1003	1007	SBRT	T061	C3896609
27623277	1044	1055	thoracotomy	T061	C0039991
27623277	1057	1066	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	1076	1094	risk of recurrence	T081	C2986492
27623277	1119	1129	attributes	T080	C1521970
27623277	1139	1158	conjoint experiment	T062	C0681814
27623277	1210	1218	provider	T097	C0031831
27623277	1219	1225	volume	T081	C0449468
27623277	1253	1257	risk	T078	C0035647
27623277	1267	1280	complications	T046	C0009566
27623277	1312	1320	distance	T081	C0012751
27623277	1321	1327	needed	T169	C1514873
27623277	1331	1337	travel	T056	C0040802
27623277	1342	1351	treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	1379	1389	Procedural	T061	C0087111
27623277	1394	1403	treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	1404	1415	preferences	T078	C0558295
27623277	1434	1446	demographics	T080	C1521970
27623277	1448	1461	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27623277	1462	1475	health status	T080	C0018759
27623277	1480	1491	familiarity	T041	C0600269
27623277	1501	1511	procedures	T061	C0087111
27623277	1513	1519	Survey	T170	C0038951
27623277	1520	1531	respondents	T098	C0282122
27623277	1542	1551	minimally	T080	C0547040
27623277	1552	1571	invasive operations	T061	C4048276
27623277	1577	1581	SBRT	T061	C3896609
27623277	1585	1596	thoracotomy	T061	C0039991
27623277	1601	1610	treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	1614	1625	early-stage	T079	C2363430
27623277	1626	1652	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27623277	1654	1663	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	1664	1672	modality	T077	C3889585
27623277	1677	1681	risk	T078	C0035647
27623277	1685	1702	cancer recurrence	T191	C0920420
27623277	1751	1760	treatment	T061	C0087111
27623277	1761	1772	preferences	T078	C0558295
27623277	1774	1782	Provider	T097	C0031831
27623277	1783	1793	experience	T041	C0596545
27623277	1819	1823	need	T169	C1514873
27623277	1827	1833	travel	T056	C0040802
27623277	1838	1849	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27623277	1850	1859	treatment	T061	C0087111

27623376|t|Estimation of Split Renal Function With (99m)Tc-DMSA SPECT: Comparison Between 3D Volumetric Assessment and 2D Coronal Projection Imaging
27623376|a|Split renal function (SRF) can be estimated with (99m)Tc-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) SPECT cortical renal scintigraphy on either 2D projected images or 3D images. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a significant difference between SRF values calculated with the 2D method and those calculated with the 3D method. This retrospective study was performed with (99m)Tc-DMSA SPECT images of 316 patients (age range, 1-26 years). All images were reconstructed by filtered back projection. An automated computational method was developed to estimate SRF using both 2D projection images and direct 3D images. A paired t test was used to evaluate the difference between SRFs determined with the two methods and the association between the magnitude of the differences and kidney size, patient age, and SRF. There was strong correlation between SRFs estimated with the 2D and 3D methods (r = 0.94, p < 0.001). There was small significant difference (0.14% ± 0.86%, p = 0.003) in SRFs obtained with the two methods. The difference was clinically negligible and independent of renal length (p = 0.698), volume (p = 0.297), and patient age (p = 0.768) but was associated with SRF (p = 0.018). For determination of split renal function, (99m)Tc-DMSA SPECT renal scintigraphy 2D coronal projection images perform as well as and are simpler to analyze than 3D images.
27623376	0	10	Estimation	T058	C0220825
27623376	14	34	Split Renal Function	T033	C0243095
27623376	40	52	(99m)Tc-DMSA	T130,T197	C0075928
27623376	53	58	SPECT	T060	C0040399
27623376	60	70	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27623376	79	81	3D	T082	C0450363
27623376	82	103	Volumetric Assessment	T058	C0220825
27623376	108	110	2D	T082	C1705052
27623376	111	137	Coronal Projection Imaging	T060	C0011923
27623376	138	158	Split renal function	T033	C0243095
27623376	160	163	SRF	T033	C0243095
27623376	172	181	estimated	T081	C0750572
27623376	187	233	(99m)Tc-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)	T130,T197	C0075928
27623376	234	239	SPECT	T060	C0040399
27623376	240	254	cortical renal	T023	C0022655
27623376	255	267	scintigraphy	T060	C0034606
27623376	278	297	2D projected images	T170	C1704254
27623376	301	310	3D images	T170	C1704254
27623376	332	337	study	T062	C2603343
27623376	405	408	SRF	T033	C0243095
27623376	409	415	values	T081	C1522609
27623376	416	426	calculated	T169	C0444686
27623376	436	438	2D	T082	C1705052
27623376	439	445	method	T059	C0871511
27623376	456	466	calculated	T169	C0444686
27623376	476	478	3D	T082	C0450363
27623376	479	485	method	T059	C0871511
27623376	492	511	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27623376	531	543	(99m)Tc-DMSA	T130,T197	C0075928
27623376	544	549	SPECT	T060	C0040399
27623376	550	556	images	T170	C1704254
27623376	564	572	patients	T101	C0030705
27623376	574	577	age	T032	C0001779
27623376	590	595	years	T079	C0439234
27623376	602	608	images	T170	C1704254
27623376	631	655	filtered back projection	T059	C0022885
27623376	660	690	automated computational method	T059	C0871511
27623376	717	720	SRF	T033	C0243095
27623376	732	752	2D projection images	T170	C1704254
27623376	764	773	3D images	T170	C1704254
27623376	777	790	paired t test	T170	C1709451
27623376	835	839	SRFs	T081	C1522609
27623376	864	871	methods	T059	C0871511
27623376	937	948	kidney size	T201	C0745522
27623376	950	961	patient age	T032	C2967152
27623376	967	970	SRF	T033	C0243095
27623376	989	1000	correlation	T080	C1707520
27623376	1009	1013	SRFs	T081	C1522609
27623376	1014	1023	estimated	T081	C0750572
27623376	1033	1035	2D	T082	C1705052
27623376	1040	1042	3D	T082	C0450363
27623376	1043	1050	methods	T059	C0871511
27623376	1090	1101	significant	T078	C0750502
27623376	1102	1112	difference	T080	C1705242
27623376	1143	1147	SRFs	T081	C1522609
27623376	1170	1177	methods	T059	C0871511
27623376	1183	1193	difference	T080	C1705242
27623376	1198	1219	clinically negligible	T080	C0332269
27623376	1224	1235	independent	T078	C0085862
27623376	1239	1244	renal	T023	C0022646
27623376	1245	1251	length	T081	C1444754
27623376	1265	1271	volume	T081	C0449468
27623376	1289	1300	patient age	T032	C2967152
27623376	1321	1336	associated with	T080	C0332281
27623376	1337	1340	SRF	T033	C0243095
27623376	1358	1371	determination	T059	C1148554
27623376	1375	1395	split renal function	T033	C0243095
27623376	1397	1409	(99m)Tc-DMSA	T130,T197	C0075928
27623376	1410	1415	SPECT	T060	C0040399
27623376	1416	1421	renal	T023	C0022646
27623376	1422	1434	scintigraphy	T060	C0034606
27623376	1435	1437	2D	T082	C1705052
27623376	1438	1463	coronal projection images	T170	C1704254
27623376	1515	1517	3D	T082	C0450363
27623376	1518	1524	images	T170	C1704254

27623486|t|From Zirconium Nanograins to Zirconia Nanoneedles
27623486|a|Combinations of three simple techniques were utilized to gradually form zirconia nanoneedles from zirconium nanograins. First, a physical vapor deposition magnetron sputtering technique was used to deposit pure zirconium nanograins on top of a substrate. Second, an anodic oxidation was applied to fabricate zirconia nanotubular arrays. Finally, heat treatment was used at different annealing temperatures in order to change the structure and morphology from nanotubes to nanowires and subsequently to nanoneedles in the presence of argon gas. The size of the pure zirconium nanograins was estimated to be approximately 200-300 nm. ZrO2 nanotubular arrays with diameters of 70-120 nm were obtained. Both tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO2 were observed after annealing at 450 °C and 650 °C. Only a few tetragonal peaks appeared at 850 °C, while monoclinic ZrO2 was obtained at 900 °C and 950 °C. In assessing the biocompatibility of the ZrO2 surface, the human cell line MDA-MB-231 was found to attach and proliferate well on surfaces annealed at 850 °C and 450 °C; however, the amorphous ZrO2 surface, which was not heat treated, did not permit extensive cell growth, presumably due to remaining fluoride.
27623486	5	14	Zirconium	T196	C0043506
27623486	15	25	Nanograins	T073	C1450053
27623486	29	37	Zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27623486	38	49	Nanoneedles	T073	C1450053
27623486	79	89	techniques	T169	C0449851
27623486	122	130	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27623486	131	142	nanoneedles	T073	C1450053
27623486	148	157	zirconium	T196	C0043506
27623486	158	168	nanograins	T073	C1450053
27623486	179	204	physical vapor deposition	T170	C0025663
27623486	205	235	magnetron sputtering technique	T169	C0449851
27623486	261	270	zirconium	T196	C0043506
27623486	271	281	nanograins	T073	C1450053
27623486	294	303	substrate	T167	C3891814
27623486	316	332	anodic oxidation	T044	C0030011
27623486	358	366	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27623486	367	378	nanotubular	T073	C1257851
27623486	379	385	arrays	T082	C1510941
27623486	396	400	heat	T070	C0018837
27623486	401	410	treatment	T169	C1522326
27623486	433	442	annealing	T067	C0870079
27623486	443	455	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27623486	479	488	structure	T082	C0678594
27623486	493	503	morphology	T080	C0332437
27623486	509	518	nanotubes	T073	C1257851
27623486	522	531	nanowires	T073	C1721063
27623486	552	563	nanoneedles	T073	C1450053
27623486	583	588	argon	T196	C0003781
27623486	589	592	gas	T104	C0017110
27623486	598	602	size	T082	C0456389
27623486	615	624	zirconium	T196	C0043506
27623486	625	635	nanograins	T073	C1450053
27623486	682	686	ZrO2	T121,T197	C0078814
27623486	687	698	nanotubular	T073	C1257851
27623486	699	705	arrays	T082	C1510941
27623486	711	720	diameters	T081	C1301886
27623486	754	764	tetragonal	T082	C1254362
27623486	769	779	monoclinic	T082	C1254362
27623486	780	784	ZrO2	T121,T197	C0078814
27623486	805	814	annealing	T067	C0870079
27623486	848	864	tetragonal peaks	T080	C0444505
27623486	891	901	monoclinic	T082	C1254362
27623486	902	906	ZrO2	T121,T197	C0078814
27623486	959	975	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
27623486	983	987	ZrO2	T121,T197	C0078814
27623486	988	995	surface	T082	C0205148
27623486	1001	1016	human cell line	T025	C0682523
27623486	1017	1027	MDA-MB-231	T050	C3898556
27623486	1072	1080	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27623486	1081	1089	annealed	T067	C0870079
27623486	1125	1134	amorphous	T080	C1979848
27623486	1135	1139	ZrO2	T121,T197	C0078814
27623486	1140	1147	surface	T082	C0205148
27623486	1159	1175	not heat treated	T033	C0243095
27623486	1202	1213	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27623486	1243	1251	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327

27623532|t|Task-Oriented Training with Computer Games for People with Rheumatoid Arthritis or Hand Osteoarthritis: A Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial
27623532|a|To examine the feasibility of a clinical trial on a novel, home-based task-oriented training with conventional hand exercises in people with rheumatoid arthritis or hand osteoarthritis. To explore the experiences of participants who completed their respective home exercise programmes. Thirty volunteer participants aged between 30 and 60 years and diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis or hand osteoarthritis were proposed for a single-center, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01635582). Participants received task-oriented training with interactive computer games and objects of daily life or finger mobility and strengthening exercises. Both programmes were home based and were done four sessions per week with 20 minutes each session for 6 weeks. Major feasibility outcomes were number of volunteers screened, randomized, and retained; completion of blinded assessments, exercise training, and home exercise sessions; equipment and data management; and clinical outcomes of hand function. Reaching the recruitment target in 18 months and achieving exercise compliance >80% were set as success criteria. Concurrent with the trial, focus group interviews explored experiences of those participants who completed their respective programmes. After trial initiation, revisions in inclusion criteria were required to promote recruitment. A total of 17 participants were randomized and 15 were retained. Completion of assessments, exercise training, and home exercise sessions; equipment and data collection and management demonstrated excellent feasibility. Both groups improved in hand function outcomes and exercise compliance was above 85%. Participants perceived both programmes as appropriate and acceptable. Participants who completed task-oriented training also agreed that playing different computer games was enjoyable, engaging, and motivating. Findings demonstrate initial evidence on recruitment, feasibility of trial procedures, and acceptability of task-oriented training in people with rheumatoid arthritis or hand osteoarthritis. Since the pilot trial was unsuccessful in participant recruitment, a large trial will not follow.
27623532	0	13	Task-Oriented	T033	C0243095
27623532	14	22	Training	T065	C0220931
27623532	28	42	Computer Games	T073	C0870328
27623532	47	53	People	T098	C0027361
27623532	59	79	Rheumatoid Arthritis	T047	C0003873
27623532	83	102	Hand Osteoarthritis	T047	C0263746
27623532	118	145	Randomized Controlled Trial	T062	C0206035
27623532	178	192	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27623532	198	203	novel	T080	C0205314
27623532	216	229	task-oriented	T033	C0243095
27623532	230	238	training	T065	C0220931
27623532	244	271	conventional hand exercises	T061	C0454330
27623532	275	281	people	T098	C0027361
27623532	287	307	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27623532	311	330	hand osteoarthritis	T047	C0263746
27623532	362	374	participants	T098	C0679646
27623532	406	430	home exercise programmes	T061	C0475647
27623532	449	461	participants	T098	C0679646
27623532	495	504	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27623532	510	530	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27623532	534	553	hand osteoarthritis	T047	C0263746
27623532	589	605	assessor-blinded	T062	C2347038
27623532	607	634	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27623532	670	682	Participants	T098	C0679646
27623532	692	705	task-oriented	T033	C0243095
27623532	706	714	training	T065	C0220931
27623532	720	731	interactive	T169	C1704675
27623532	732	746	computer games	T073	C0870328
27623532	776	782	finger	T023	C0016129
27623532	783	791	mobility	T033	C0425245
27623532	796	819	strengthening exercises	T061	C0452260
27623532	826	836	programmes	T169	C3484370
27623532	872	880	sessions	T051	C1883016
27623532	911	918	session	T051	C1883016
27623532	974	984	volunteers	T097	C0042960
27623532	995	1005	randomized	T033	C3815594
27623532	1011	1019	retained	T169	C0333118
27623532	1035	1042	blinded	T062	C0150108
27623532	1043	1054	assessments	T058	C0220825
27623532	1056	1064	exercise	T056	C0015259
27623532	1065	1073	training	T065	C0220931
27623532	1079	1101	home exercise sessions	T061	C0475647
27623532	1117	1132	data management	T062	C0596404
27623532	1138	1155	clinical outcomes	T033	C0243095
27623532	1159	1172	hand function	T040	C0562230
27623532	1187	1198	recruitment	T052	C2949735
27623532	1233	1241	exercise	T056	C0015259
27623532	1242	1252	compliance	T033	C3714738
27623532	1270	1277	success	T054	C0597535
27623532	1278	1286	criteria	T078	C0243161
27623532	1288	1298	Concurrent	T079	C0205420
27623532	1308	1313	trial	T062	C0008976
27623532	1315	1337	focus group interviews	T062	C0018260
27623532	1368	1380	participants	T098	C0679646
27623532	1412	1422	programmes	T169	C3484370
27623532	1430	1435	trial	T062	C0008976
27623532	1436	1446	initiation	T169	C1704686
27623532	1461	1470	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27623532	1471	1479	criteria	T078	C0243161
27623532	1505	1516	recruitment	T052	C2949735
27623532	1532	1544	participants	T098	C0679646
27623532	1550	1560	randomized	T033	C3815594
27623532	1573	1581	retained	T169	C0333118
27623532	1583	1593	Completion	T080	C1554962
27623532	1597	1608	assessments	T058	C1261322
27623532	1610	1618	exercise	T056	C0015259
27623532	1619	1627	training	T065	C0220931
27623532	1633	1655	home exercise sessions	T061	C0475647
27623532	1671	1686	data collection	T062	C0010995
27623532	1691	1701	management	T062	C0596404
27623532	1762	1775	hand function	T040	C0562230
27623532	1789	1797	exercise	T056	C0015259
27623532	1798	1808	compliance	T033	C3714738
27623532	1824	1836	Participants	T098	C0679646
27623532	1852	1862	programmes	T058	C0032678
27623532	1866	1877	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27623532	1882	1892	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27623532	1894	1906	Participants	T098	C0679646
27623532	1921	1934	task-oriented	T033	C0243095
27623532	1935	1943	training	T065	C0220931
27623532	1961	1968	playing	T056	C0032214
27623532	1979	1993	computer games	T073	C0870328
27623532	1998	2007	enjoyable	T033	C0243095
27623532	2009	2017	engaging	T033	C0243095
27623532	2023	2033	motivating	T033	C0243095
27623532	2035	2043	Findings	T033	C0243095
27623532	2076	2087	recruitment	T052	C2949735
27623532	2104	2109	trial	T062	C0008976
27623532	2110	2120	procedures	T169	C2700391
27623532	2126	2139	acceptability	T080	C0814633
27623532	2143	2156	task-oriented	T033	C0243095
27623532	2157	2165	training	T065	C0220931
27623532	2169	2175	people	T098	C0027361
27623532	2181	2201	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27623532	2205	2224	hand osteoarthritis	T047	C0263746
27623532	2242	2247	trial	T062	C0008976
27623532	2268	2279	participant	T098	C0679646
27623532	2280	2291	recruitment	T052	C2949735
27623532	2301	2306	trial	T062	C0008976

27623725|t|Spectrum and prevalence of thyroid diseases seen at a tertiary health facility in Sagamu, South-West Nigeria
27623725|a|The prevalence of goitrous swelling has reduced in Nigeria since the introduction of salt iodisation programme. Thyroid disorders are the second most common endocrine disorder after diabetes mellitus worldwide. They present to general outpatient, medical and surgical clinics accompanied by great anxiety and poor health-related quality of life. The study aimed to determine and describe the spectrum of thyroid disorders seen at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital over a 10- year period. This was a retrospective analysis of records of patients who presented to the hospital with thyroid swellings over a 10- year period (June 2004 to June 2014). Clinicopathological and demographic data obtained from hospital records in 175 patients diagnosed by clinical examination, thyroid ultrasound, hormone profile and histological confirmation in cases that had surgery were analysed for this study. The records of 175 patients were obtained comprising 151 (86.3%) females and 24 (13.7%) males (female to male ratio of 6.3:1) with age range from 18 to 76 years and mean age of 42.3 years, standard deviation 13.5. With clinical diagnosis, distribution of thyroid diseases was simple goitre 103 (58.9%), toxic goitre 64 (36.6%), hypothyroidism 3 (1.7%), malignant goitre 4 (2.3%) and thyroiditis 1 (0.6%). The age group of 30-49 years had the highest prevalence of the thyroid diseases 100 (57.2%) while the extremes of age, below 20 and over 70 years had the least (5.1 and 2.9%, respectively). The prevalent form of thyroid diseases seen at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital was simple goitre and most common in females. Studies on autoimmunity and other goitrogens are required to further elucidate the cause of this high prevalence.
27623725	0	8	Spectrum	T077	C1254372
27623725	13	23	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27623725	27	43	thyroid diseases	T047	C0040128
27623725	54	78	tertiary health facility	T073,T093	C0018704
27623725	82	88	Sagamu	T083	C0017446
27623725	90	108	South-West Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27623725	113	123	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27623725	127	144	goitrous swelling	T046	C0018021
27623725	160	167	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27623725	194	219	salt iodisation programme	T169	C3484370
27623725	221	238	Thyroid disorders	T047	C0040128
27623725	266	284	endocrine disorder	T047	C0014130
27623725	291	308	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27623725	344	354	outpatient	T073,T093	C0029916
27623725	356	363	medical	T073,T093	C0338037
27623725	368	384	surgical clinics	T093	C3825617
27623725	406	413	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27623725	418	422	poor	T080	C0542537
27623725	423	453	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27623725	459	464	study	T062	C2603343
27623725	501	509	spectrum	T077	C1254372
27623725	513	530	thyroid disorders	T047	C0040128
27623725	539	584	Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27623725	596	600	year	T079	C0439234
27623725	620	633	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27623725	634	642	analysis	T062	C0936012
27623725	646	665	records of patients	T170	C0025102
27623725	687	695	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27623725	701	718	thyroid swellings	T046	C0018021
27623725	730	734	year	T079	C0439234
27623725	768	787	Clinicopathological	T078	C1511726
27623725	792	808	demographic data	T078	C1511726
27623725	823	839	hospital records	T073,T170	C0019980
27623725	847	855	patients	T101	C0030705
27623725	856	865	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27623725	869	889	clinical examination	T033	C1456356
27623725	891	909	thyroid ultrasound	T060	C0877525
27623725	911	926	hormone profile	T059	C0022885
27623725	931	943	histological	T169	C0205462
27623725	944	956	confirmation	T033	C0750484
27623725	960	965	cases	T169	C0868928
27623725	975	982	surgery	T169	C0038895
27623725	988	996	analysed	T062	C0936012
27623725	1006	1011	study	T062	C2603343
27623725	1017	1024	records	T170	C0034869
27623725	1032	1040	patients	T101	C0030705
27623725	1078	1085	females	T032	C0086287
27623725	1101	1106	males	T032	C0086582
27623725	1108	1114	female	T032	C0086287
27623725	1118	1122	male	T032	C0086582
27623725	1123	1128	ratio	T081	C0456603
27623725	1144	1147	age	T032	C0001779
27623725	1168	1173	years	T079	C0439234
27623725	1183	1186	age	T032	C0001779
27623725	1195	1200	years	T079	C0439234
27623725	1202	1220	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27623725	1232	1250	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
27623725	1268	1284	thyroid diseases	T047	C0040128
27623725	1289	1302	simple goitre	T047	C0018022
27623725	1316	1328	toxic goitre	T047	C0600086
27623725	1341	1355	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
27623725	1366	1382	malignant goitre	T191	C0877414
27623725	1396	1407	thyroiditis	T047	C0040147
27623725	1422	1431	age group	T100	C0027362
27623725	1441	1446	years	T079	C0439234
27623725	1463	1473	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27623725	1481	1497	thyroid diseases	T047	C0040128
27623725	1532	1535	age	T032	C0001779
27623725	1558	1563	years	T079	C0439234
27623725	1630	1646	thyroid diseases	T047	C0040128
27623725	1655	1700	Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27623725	1705	1718	simple goitre	T047	C0018022
27623725	1738	1745	females	T032	C0086287
27623725	1747	1754	Studies	T062	C2603343
27623725	1758	1770	autoimmunity	T046	C0004368
27623725	1781	1791	goitrogens	T121	C0018025
27623725	1849	1859	prevalence	T081	C0220900

27623751|t|Morphology, Ultrastructure and Possible Functions of Antennal Sensilla of Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
27623751|a|To better understand the olfactory receptive mechanisms involved in host selection and courtship behavior of Sitodiplosis mosellana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), one of the most important pests of wheat, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine the external morphology and ultrastructure of the antennal sensilla. The moniliform antennae exhibit obvious sexual dimorphism: antennae of the males are markedly longer than those of the females. Furthermore, each male flagellomere consists of two globular nodes, whereas each female flagellomere is cylindrical. Seven types of sensilla were identified in both sexes. Two types of s. chaetica have a lumen without dendrites and thick walls, suggesting that they are mechanoreceptors. S. trichodea and s. circumfila are typical chemoreceptors, possessing thin multiporous walls encircling a lumen with multiple dendrites. There are significantly more s. trichodea in female than in male, which may be related to host plant localization. In contrast, male s. circumfila are highly elongated compared to those of females, perhaps for pheromone detection. Peg-shaped s. coeloconica are innervated with unbranched dendrites extending from the base to the distal tip. Type 1 s. coeloconica, which have deep longitudinal grooves and finger -like projections on the surface, may serve as olfactory or humidity receptors, whereas type 2 s. coeloconica, smooth with a terminal pore, may be contact chemoreceptors. Also, this is the first report of Böhm' bristles at proximal scape on antennae of Cecidomyiid species potentially functioning as mechanoreceptors.
27623751	0	10	Morphology	T080	C0332437
27623751	12	26	Ultrastructure	T078	C0041623
27623751	40	49	Functions	T169	C0542341
27623751	53	70	Antennal Sensilla	T023	C2936471
27623751	74	96	Sitodiplosis mosellana	T204	C1499239
27623751	104	111	Diptera	T204	C0012578
27623751	113	126	Cecidomyiidae	T204	C1081817
27623751	153	162	olfactory	T040	C0439826
27623751	196	200	host	T001	C1167395
27623751	201	210	selection	T052	C1707391
27623751	237	259	Sitodiplosis mosellana	T204	C1499239
27623751	261	268	Diptera	T204	C0012578
27623751	270	283	Cecidomyiidae	T204	C1081817
27623751	312	317	pests	T008	C0869004
27623751	321	326	wheat	T168	C0043137
27623751	328	336	scanning	T060	C0441633
27623751	341	373	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
27623751	408	418	morphology	T080	C0332437
27623751	423	437	ultrastructure	T078	C0041623
27623751	445	462	antennal sensilla	T023	C2936471
27623751	468	487	moniliform antennae	T023	C3824701
27623751	504	521	sexual dimorphism	T032	C0036866
27623751	523	531	antennae	T023	C3824701
27623751	539	544	males	T032	C0086582
27623751	558	564	longer	T080	C0205166
27623751	583	590	females	T032	C0086287
27623751	610	614	male	T032	C0086582
27623751	615	627	flagellomere	T026	C0016192
27623751	640	643	two	T081	C0205448
27623751	644	658	globular nodes	T023	C0746922
27623751	673	679	female	T032	C0086287
27623751	680	692	flagellomere	T026	C0016192
27623751	696	707	cylindrical	T082	C0946010
27623751	709	714	Seven	T081	C0205453
27623751	724	732	sensilla	T023	C2936471
27623751	757	762	sexes	T032	C1522384
27623751	777	788	s. chaetica	T204	C0684063
27623751	796	801	lumen	T030	C0524461
27623751	810	819	dendrites	T026	C0011305
27623751	862	878	mechanoreceptors	T025	C0025032
27623751	880	892	S. trichodea	T204	C0684063
27623751	897	910	s. circumfila	T204	C0684063
27623751	923	937	chemoreceptors	T025	C0008010
27623751	955	966	multiporous	T082	C1254362
27623751	986	991	lumen	T030	C0524461
27623751	1006	1015	dendrites	T026	C0011305
27623751	1046	1058	s. trichodea	T204	C0684063
27623751	1062	1068	female	T032	C0086287
27623751	1077	1081	male	T032	C0086582
27623751	1107	1111	host	T001	C1167395
27623751	1112	1117	plant	T002	C0032098
27623751	1118	1130	localization	T169	C0475264
27623751	1145	1149	male	T032	C0086582
27623751	1150	1163	s. circumfila	T204	C0684063
27623751	1175	1184	elongated	T080	C0205166
27623751	1206	1213	females	T032	C0086287
27623751	1227	1236	pheromone	T123	C0031516
27623751	1237	1246	detection	T061	C1511790
27623751	1248	1258	Peg-shaped	T082	C1254362
27623751	1259	1273	s. coeloconica	T204	C0684063
27623751	1294	1304	unbranched	T082	C1254362
27623751	1305	1314	dendrites	T026	C0011305
27623751	1334	1338	base	T082	C1254362
27623751	1346	1352	distal	T082	C0205108
27623751	1365	1379	s. coeloconica	T204	C0684063
27623751	1392	1396	deep	T082	C0205125
27623751	1397	1409	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27623751	1410	1417	grooves	T030	C1184482
27623751	1422	1428	finger	T023	C0016129
27623751	1435	1446	projections	T082	C0348018
27623751	1476	1485	olfactory	T040	C0439826
27623751	1489	1497	humidity	T070	C0020167
27623751	1498	1507	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27623751	1524	1538	s. coeloconica	T204	C0684063
27623751	1540	1546	smooth	T080	C0205357
27623751	1554	1562	terminal	T082	C1705315
27623751	1563	1567	pore	T026	C1325742
27623751	1584	1598	chemoreceptors	T025	C0008010
27623751	1652	1660	proximal	T082	C0205107
27623751	1670	1678	antennae	T023	C3824701
27623751	1682	1701	Cecidomyiid species	T204	C0684063
27623751	1729	1745	mechanoreceptors	T025	C0025032

27623760|t|A Wnt Pathway Activator Induces Apoptosis and Cell Death in Mouse Monocytic Leukemia Cells
27623760|a|A Wnt agonist, 2-amino-4-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)benzylamino]-6-(3-methoxyphenyl) pyrimidine, is a cell-permeable pyrimidine compound that has been shown to mimic the effect of Wnt. In this study, leukemic mouse cell lines, RAW 264.7 and J774.1, were incubated with the Wnt agonist. The Wnt agonist showed cell death in the concentration of 1-10 μM. The Wnt agonist did not show inhibition of GSK-3β activity but induced β-catenin accumulation in the nucleus. The Wnt agonist showed caspase-independent cell death, but no further involvement in cell death ER stress signaling. Here we discuss the possible mechanism of Wnt agonist - induced apoptotic cell death in RAW 264.7 cells.
27623760	2	13	Wnt Pathway	T044	C1520113
27623760	14	23	Activator	T109,T121	C3659232
27623760	24	41	Induces Apoptosis	T043	C1326205
27623760	46	56	Cell Death	T043	C0007587
27623760	60	84	Mouse Monocytic Leukemia	T191	C1521831
27623760	85	90	Cells	T025	C0007634
27623760	93	105	Wnt agonist,	T109,T121	C3659232
27623760	106	180	2-amino-4-[3,4-(methylenedioxy)benzylamino]-6-(3-methoxyphenyl) pyrimidine	T109,T121	C3659232
27623760	187	201	cell-permeable	T043	C0007605
27623760	202	221	pyrimidine compound	T109,T121	C3659232
27623760	265	268	Wnt	T116,T123	C0753137
27623760	285	310	leukemic mouse cell lines	T025	C1517806
27623760	312	321	RAW 264.7	T025	C4042840
27623760	326	332	J774.1	T025	C1517806
27623760	358	369	Wnt agonist	T109,T121	C3659232
27623760	375	386	Wnt agonist	T109,T121	C3659232
27623760	394	404	cell death	T043	C0007587
27623760	442	453	Wnt agonist	T109,T121	C3659232
27623760	467	477	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27623760	481	487	GSK-3β	T116,T126	C0244988
27623760	488	496	activity	T044	C0243102
27623760	501	508	induced	T169	C0205263
27623760	509	531	β-catenin accumulation	T044	C1511110
27623760	539	546	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27623760	552	563	Wnt agonist	T109,T121	C3659232
27623760	571	601	caspase-independent cell death	T043	C3820502
27623760	633	663	cell death ER stress signaling	T043	C2610698
27623760	707	718	Wnt agonist	T109,T121	C3659232
27623760	721	749	induced apoptotic cell death	T043	C1326205
27623760	753	768	RAW 264.7 cells	T025	C4042840

27623945|t|Hint1 suppresses migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro by modulating girdin activity
27623945|a|Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (Hint1) is a haploinsufficient tumor suppressor gene. Its role in cancer cell migration has not been previously speculated. In the current study, we examined the expression of Hint1 in metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients and further elucidated the effect of Hint1 expression on girdin expression and phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1 / 2 and on the migration of HCC cells in vitro. Expression of Hint1 and girdin in primary HCC tissues and metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes was determined by RT-PCR assays. HepG2 cells were transfected with plasmid vectors overexpressing Hint1 or small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Hint1, girdin, Hint1 plus girdin, or the scrambled RNA. Migration and invasion of HCC cells were examined by wound and Transwell assays. Protein expression was detected by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays. RT-PCR assays revealed that the messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript levels of Hint1 were markedly lower than those of primary HCC tissues and non-metastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.01). By contrast, the mRNA transcript levels of girdin were significantly higher than non-metastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of HINT1 resulted in a significant increase in the mRNA transcript levels of girdin in HepG2 cells (P < 0.05). Wound assays and Transwell assays showed that Hint1 knockdown by siRNA significantly enhanced the migration and invasion of HepG2 cells compared to HepG2 cells transfected with scrambled siRNA. Hint1 knockdown also led to significantly increased phosphorylation of girdin and AKT in HepG2 cells (P < 0.05), which, however, was effectively aborted by girdin knockdown by siRNA (P < 0.05). Hint1 is downregulated in metastatic lymph nodes and is implicated in migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro by modulating girdin and AKT expression and phosphorylation. The Hint1 - girdin - AKT signaling axis should be further dissected for its role in HCC migration and invasion and may be therapeutically targeted to suppress tumor growth and metastasis.
27623945	0	5	Hint1	T028	C1415545
27623945	6	16	suppresses	T169	C1260953
27623945	17	26	migration	T191	C0027627
27623945	31	39	invasion	T046	C0027626
27623945	43	67	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27623945	68	73	cells	T025	C0007634
27623945	74	82	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27623945	86	96	modulating	T082	C0443264
27623945	97	103	girdin	T116,T123	C1571428
27623945	104	112	activity	T169	C0205177
27623945	113	157	Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1	T028	C1415545
27623945	159	164	Hint1	T028	C1415545
27623945	171	188	haploinsufficient	T049	C2936267
27623945	189	210	tumor suppressor gene	T028	C0079427
27623945	224	245	cancer cell migration	T191	C0027627
27623945	297	302	study	T062	C2603343
27623945	307	315	examined	T033	C0332128
27623945	320	330	expression	T045	C0017262
27623945	334	339	Hint1	T028	C1415545
27623945	343	353	metastatic	T191	C0027627
27623945	358	372	non-metastatic	T191	C1334991
27623945	373	384	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
27623945	388	412	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27623945	414	417	HCC	T191	C2239176
27623945	419	427	patients	T101	C0030705
27623945	465	470	Hint1	T028	C1415545
27623945	471	481	expression	T045	C0017262
27623945	485	491	girdin	T116,T123	C1571428
27623945	492	502	expression	T045	C1171362
27623945	507	522	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27623945	526	529	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
27623945	534	538	ERK1	T116,T126	C4082284
27623945	541	542	2	T116,T126	C2713871
27623945	554	563	migration	T191	C0027627
27623945	567	570	HCC	T191	C2239176
27623945	571	576	cells	T025	C0007634
27623945	577	585	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27623945	587	597	Expression	T045	C0017262
27623945	601	606	Hint1	T028	C1415545
27623945	611	617	girdin	T028	C1428495
27623945	629	632	HCC	T191	C2239176
27623945	633	640	tissues	T024	C0040300
27623945	645	655	metastatic	T191	C0027627
27623945	660	674	non-metastatic	T191	C1334991
27623945	675	686	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
27623945	705	718	RT-PCR assays	T059	C2732732
27623945	720	731	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27623945	737	748	transfected	T063	C0040669
27623945	754	769	plasmid vectors	T114	C1514152
27623945	770	784	overexpressing	T045	C1514559
27623945	785	790	Hint1	T116,T123	C1505103
27623945	794	815	small interfering RNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27623945	817	822	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27623945	824	833	targeting	T044	C1159372
27623945	834	839	Hint1	T116,T123	C1505103
27623945	841	847	girdin	T116,T123	C1571428
27623945	849	854	Hint1	T116,T123	C1505103
27623945	860	866	girdin	T116,T123	C1571428
27623945	885	888	RNA	T114	C0035668
27623945	890	899	Migration	T191	C0027627
27623945	904	912	invasion	T046	C0027626
27623945	916	919	HCC	T191	C2239176
27623945	920	925	cells	T025	C0007634
27623945	931	939	examined	T033	C0332128
27623945	943	969	wound and Transwell assays	T059	C1513300
27623945	971	989	Protein expression	T045	C1171362
27623945	1006	1024	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
27623945	1029	1050	immunoblotting assays	T059	C0020985
27623945	1052	1065	RT-PCR assays	T059	C2732732
27623945	1084	1097	messenger RNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27623945	1099	1103	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27623945	1105	1115	transcript	T114	C1519595
27623945	1126	1131	Hint1	T028	C1415545
27623945	1174	1177	HCC	T191	C2239176
27623945	1178	1185	tissues	T024	C0040300
27623945	1190	1204	non-metastatic	T191	C1334991
27623945	1205	1216	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
27623945	1246	1250	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27623945	1251	1261	transcript	T114	C1519595
27623945	1272	1278	girdin	T116,T123	C1571428
27623945	1284	1304	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27623945	1310	1324	non-metastatic	T191	C1334991
27623945	1325	1336	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
27623945	1362	1367	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27623945	1368	1377	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27623945	1381	1386	HINT1	T028	C1415545
27623945	1401	1412	significant	T078	C0750502
27623945	1429	1433	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27623945	1434	1444	transcript	T114	C1519595
27623945	1455	1461	girdin	T116,T123	C1571428
27623945	1465	1476	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27623945	1489	1522	Wound assays and Transwell assays	T059	C1513300
27623945	1535	1540	Hint1	T028	C1415545
27623945	1541	1550	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27623945	1554	1559	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27623945	1560	1573	significantly	T078	C0750502
27623945	1574	1582	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27623945	1587	1596	migration	T191	C0027627
27623945	1601	1609	invasion	T046	C0027626
27623945	1613	1624	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27623945	1637	1648	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27623945	1649	1660	transfected	T063	C0040669
27623945	1676	1681	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27623945	1683	1688	Hint1	T028	C1415545
27623945	1689	1698	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27623945	1711	1724	significantly	T078	C0750502
27623945	1735	1750	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27623945	1754	1760	girdin	T116,T123	C1571428
27623945	1765	1768	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
27623945	1772	1783	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
27623945	1828	1835	aborted	T169	C1609614
27623945	1839	1845	girdin	T028	C1428495
27623945	1846	1855	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27623945	1859	1864	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27623945	1877	1882	Hint1	T028	C1415545
27623945	1886	1899	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27623945	1903	1913	metastatic	T191	C0027627
27623945	1914	1925	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
27623945	1947	1956	migration	T191	C0027627
27623945	1961	1969	invasion	T046	C0027626
27623945	1973	1976	HCC	T191	C2239176
27623945	1977	1982	cells	T025	C0007634
27623945	1983	1991	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27623945	1995	2005	modulating	T082	C0443264
27623945	2006	2012	girdin	T116,T123	C1571428
27623945	2017	2020	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
27623945	2021	2031	expression	T045	C1171362
27623945	2036	2051	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27623945	2057	2062	Hint1	T116,T123	C1505103
27623945	2065	2071	girdin	T116,T123	C1571428
27623945	2074	2077	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
27623945	2078	2087	signaling	T038	C3537152
27623945	2111	2120	dissected	T169	C0205239
27623945	2137	2140	HCC	T191	C2239176
27623945	2141	2150	migration	T191	C0027627
27623945	2155	2163	invasion	T046	C0027626
27623945	2175	2190	therapeutically	T061	C0087111
27623945	2203	2211	suppress	T169	C1260953
27623945	2212	2224	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27623945	2229	2239	metastasis	T191	C0027627

27624142|t|Potential role of microRNA-10b down-regulation in cardiomyocyte apoptosis in aortic stenosis patients
27624142|a|MicroRNAs have been associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis, a process involved in myocardial remodelling in aortic valve (Av) stenosis (AS). Our aim was to analyse whether the dysregulation of myocardial microRNAs was related to cardiomyocyte apoptosis in AS patients. Endomyocardial biopsies were obtained from 28 patients with severe AS (based on pressure gradients and Av area) referred for Av replacement and from necropsies of 10 cardiovascular disease-free control subjects. AS patients showed an increased (P<0.001) cardiomyocyte apoptotic index (CMAI) compared with controls. Two clusters of patients were identified according to the CMAI: group 1 (CMAI ≤ 0.08%; n=16) and group 2 (CMAI > 0.08%; n=12). Group 2 patients presented lower cardiomyocyte density (P<0.001) and ejection fraction (P<0.05), and higher troponin T levels (P<0.05), prevalence of heart failure (HF; P<0.05) and NT-proBNP levels (P<0.05) than those from group 1. miRNA expression profile analysed in 5 patients randomly selected from each group showed 64 microRNAs down-regulated and 6 up-regulated (P<0.05) in group 2 compared with group 1. Those microRNAs with the highest fold-change were validated in the full two groups corroborating that miR-10b, miR-125b-2* and miR-338-3p were down-regulated (P<0.05) in group 2 compared with group 1 and control subjects. These three microRNAs were inversely correlated (P<0.05) with the CMAI. Inhibition of miR-10b induced an increase (P<0.05) of apoptosis and increased expression (P<0.05) of apoptosis protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, myocardial down-regulation of miR-10b may be involved in increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in AS patients, probably through Apaf-1 up-regulation, contributing to cardiomyocyte damage and to the development of HF.
27624142	0	9	Potential	T080	C3245505
27624142	10	14	role	T078	C1552020
27624142	18	30	microRNA-10b	T028	C1537708
27624142	31	46	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
27624142	50	63	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27624142	64	73	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27624142	77	92	aortic stenosis	T047	C0003507
27624142	93	101	patients	T101	C0030705
27624142	102	111	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27624142	138	151	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27624142	152	161	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27624142	185	207	myocardial remodelling	T042	C0600519
27624142	211	237	aortic valve (Av) stenosis	T047	C0003507
27624142	239	241	AS	T047	C0003507
27624142	259	266	analyse	T062	C0936012
27624142	279	292	dysregulation	T045	C1514673
27624142	296	306	myocardial	T024	C0027061
27624142	307	316	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27624142	332	345	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27624142	346	355	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27624142	359	361	AS	T047	C0003507
27624142	362	370	patients	T101	C0030705
27624142	372	395	Endomyocardial biopsies	T060	C0189785
27624142	418	426	patients	T101	C0030705
27624142	432	438	severe	T080	C0205082
27624142	439	441	AS	T047	C0003507
27624142	452	470	pressure gradients	T034	C0428898
27624142	497	511	Av replacement	T061	C0003506
27624142	521	531	necropsies	T060	C0004398
27624142	538	582	cardiovascular disease-free control subjects	T096	C0009932
27624142	584	586	AS	T047	C0003507
27624142	587	595	patients	T101	C0030705
27624142	606	615	increased	T081	C0205217
27624142	626	655	cardiomyocyte apoptotic index	T081	C0392762
27624142	657	661	CMAI	T081	C0392762
27624142	663	671	compared	T052	C1707455
27624142	677	685	controls	T096	C0009932
27624142	703	711	patients	T101	C0030705
27624142	745	749	CMAI	T081	C0392762
27624142	751	758	group 1	T078	C0441833
27624142	760	764	CMAI	T081	C0392762
27624142	784	791	group 2	T078	C0441833
27624142	793	797	CMAI	T081	C0392762
27624142	814	821	Group 2	T078	C0441833
27624142	822	830	patients	T101	C0030705
27624142	847	860	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27624142	861	868	density	T081	C0162339
27624142	883	900	ejection fraction	T033	C2700378
27624142	915	921	higher	T080	C0205250
27624142	922	932	troponin T	T116,T123	C0077404
27624142	933	939	levels	T080	C0441889
27624142	950	960	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27624142	964	977	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27624142	979	981	HF	T047	C0018801
27624142	995	1004	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27624142	1005	1011	levels	T080	C0441889
27624142	1037	1044	group 1	T078	C0441833
27624142	1046	1051	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27624142	1052	1062	expression	T045	C0040649
27624142	1063	1070	profile	T059	C1979963
27624142	1071	1079	analysed	T062	C0936012
27624142	1085	1093	patients	T101	C0030705
27624142	1122	1127	group	T078	C0441833
27624142	1138	1147	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27624142	1148	1162	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27624142	1169	1181	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27624142	1194	1201	group 2	T078	C0441833
27624142	1202	1210	compared	T052	C1707455
27624142	1216	1223	group 1	T078	C0441833
27624142	1231	1240	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27624142	1258	1269	fold-change	T081	C1880833
27624142	1301	1307	groups	T078	C0441833
27624142	1308	1321	corroborating	T169	C1711411
27624142	1327	1334	miR-10b	T028	C1537708
27624142	1336	1347	miR-125b-2*	T028	C1537772
27624142	1352	1362	miR-338-3p	T028	C1537881
27624142	1368	1382	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27624142	1395	1402	group 2	T078	C0441833
27624142	1403	1411	compared	T052	C1707455
27624142	1417	1424	group 1	T078	C0441833
27624142	1429	1445	control subjects	T096	C0009932
27624142	1459	1468	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27624142	1474	1483	inversely	T080	C0439850
27624142	1484	1494	correlated	T080	C1707520
27624142	1513	1517	CMAI	T081	C0392762
27624142	1519	1529	Inhibition	T045	C1514673
27624142	1533	1540	miR-10b	T114,T123	C2744723
27624142	1552	1560	increase	T081	C0205217
27624142	1573	1582	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27624142	1587	1596	increased	T081	C0205217
27624142	1597	1607	expression	T045	C1171362
27624142	1620	1658	apoptosis protease-activating factor-1	T116,T123	C0664613
27624142	1660	1666	Apaf-1	T116,T123	C0664613
27624142	1671	1690	HL-1 cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27624142	1707	1717	myocardial	T024	C0027061
27624142	1718	1733	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
27624142	1737	1744	miR-10b	T028	C1537708
27624142	1764	1773	increased	T081	C0205217
27624142	1774	1787	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27624142	1788	1797	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27624142	1801	1803	AS	T047	C0003507
27624142	1804	1812	patients	T101	C0030705
27624142	1831	1837	Apaf-1	T116,T123	C0664613
27624142	1838	1851	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27624142	1869	1882	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27624142	1883	1889	damage	T049	C0599732
27624142	1901	1912	development	T169	C1527148
27624142	1916	1918	HF	T047	C0018801

27625093|t|Acute and Chronic Changes and Predictive Value of Tpeak-Tend for Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Patients
27625093|a|Prolongation of the Tpeak-Tend (TpTe) interval as a measurement of transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR) is an independent risk factor for chronic heart failure mortality. However, the cardiac resynchronization therapy's (CRT) effect on TDR is controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate CRTs acute and chronic effects on repolarization dispersion. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between TpTe changes and ventricular arrhythmia. The study group consisted of 101 patients treated with CRT-defibrillator (CRT-D). According to whether TpTe was shortened, patients were grouped at immediate and 1-year follow-up after CRT, respectively. The echocardiogram index and ventricular arrhythmia were observed and compared in these subgroups. For all patients, TpTe slightly increased immediately after CRT-D implantation, and then decreased at the 1-year follow-up (from 107 ± 23 to 110 ± 21 ms within 24 h, to 94 ± 24 ms at 1-year follow-up, F = 19.366,P< 0.001). No significant difference in the left ventricular reverse remodeling and ventricular tachycardia / ventricular fibrillation (VT / VF) episodes between the TpTe immediately shortened and TpTe immediately nonshortened groups. However, patients in the TpTe at 1-year shorten had a higher rate of the left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling (65% vs. 44%, χ2 = 4.495, P = 0.038) and less VT / VF episodes (log-rank test, χ2 = 10.207, P = 0.001) compared with TpTe 1-year nonshortened group. TpTe immediately after CRT-D independently predicted VT / VF episodes at 1-year follow-up (hazard ratio [HR], 1.030; P = 0.001). Patients with TpTe shortened at 1-year after CRT had a higher rate of LV reverse remodeling and less VT / VF episodes. The acute changes of TpTe after CRT have minimal value on mechanical reverse remodeling and ventricular arrhythmia.
27625093	0	5	Acute	T079	C0205178
27625093	10	17	Chronic	T079	C0205191
27625093	18	25	Changes	T169	C0392747
27625093	30	46	Predictive Value	T080	C1514307
27625093	50	60	Tpeak-Tend	T081	C3897406
27625093	65	87	Ventricular Arrhythmia	T047	C0085612
27625093	88	92	Risk	T078	C0035647
27625093	96	129	Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy	T061	C1167956
27625093	130	138	Patients	T101	C0030705
27625093	159	185	Tpeak-Tend (TpTe) interval	T081	C3897406
27625093	191	202	measurement	T169	C0242485
27625093	206	245	transmural dispersion of repolarization	T042	C1372942
27625093	247	250	TDR	T042	C1372942
27625093	258	269	independent	T078	C0085862
27625093	270	281	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27625093	286	293	chronic	T079	C0205191
27625093	294	307	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27625093	308	317	mortality	T081	C0178686
27625093	332	367	cardiac resynchronization therapy's	T061	C1167956
27625093	369	372	CRT	T061	C1167956
27625093	384	387	TDR	T042	C1372942
27625093	391	404	controversial	T054	C0680243
27625093	422	427	study	T062	C2603343
27625093	446	450	CRTs	T061	C1167956
27625093	451	456	acute	T079	C0205178
27625093	461	468	chronic	T079	C0205191
27625093	469	476	effects	T080	C1280500
27625093	480	494	repolarization	T042	C1372942
27625093	495	505	dispersion	T082	C0332624
27625093	569	573	TpTe	T081	C3897406
27625093	574	581	changes	T169	C0392747
27625093	586	608	ventricular arrhythmia	T047	C0085612
27625093	614	625	study group	UnknownType	C0681860
27625093	643	651	patients	T101	C0030705
27625093	652	664	treated with	T061	C0332293
27625093	665	682	CRT-defibrillator	T074	C1736558
27625093	684	689	CRT-D	T074	C1736558
27625093	713	717	TpTe	T081	C3897406
27625093	722	731	shortened	T080	C1282927
27625093	733	741	patients	T101	C0030705
27625093	747	754	grouped	T082	C0439745
27625093	772	788	1-year follow-up	T033	C0420338
27625093	795	798	CRT	T061	C1167956
27625093	818	838	echocardiogram index	T033	C2040726
27625093	843	865	ventricular arrhythmia	T047	C0085612
27625093	902	911	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27625093	921	929	patients	T101	C0030705
27625093	931	935	TpTe	T081	C3897406
27625093	945	954	increased	T081	C0205217
27625093	973	991	CRT-D implantation	T061	C1135480
27625093	1002	1011	decreased	T081	C0205216
27625093	1019	1035	1-year follow-up	T033	C0420338
27625093	1096	1112	1-year follow-up	T033	C0420338
27625093	1139	1150	significant	T078	C0750502
27625093	1151	1161	difference	T080	C1705242
27625093	1169	1204	left ventricular reverse remodeling	T042	C0600520
27625093	1209	1232	ventricular tachycardia	T047	C0042514
27625093	1235	1259	ventricular fibrillation	T047	C0042510
27625093	1261	1263	VT	T047	C0042514
27625093	1266	1268	VF	T047	C0042510
27625093	1291	1295	TpTe	T081	C3897406
27625093	1308	1317	shortened	T080	C1282927
27625093	1322	1326	TpTe	T081	C3897406
27625093	1339	1358	nonshortened groups	T078	C0441833
27625093	1369	1377	patients	T101	C0030705
27625093	1385	1389	TpTe	T081	C3897406
27625093	1393	1399	1-year	T079	C4082117
27625093	1400	1407	shorten	T080	C1282927
27625093	1414	1420	higher	T080	C0205250
27625093	1421	1425	rate	T081	C1521828
27625093	1433	1473	left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling	T042	C0600520
27625093	1515	1519	less	T080	C0205251
27625093	1520	1522	VT	T047	C0042514
27625093	1525	1527	VF	T047	C0042510
27625093	1538	1551	log-rank test	T170	C0237913
27625093	1591	1595	TpTe	T081	C3897406
27625093	1596	1602	1-year	T079	C4082117
27625093	1603	1621	nonshortened group	T078	C0441833
27625093	1623	1627	TpTe	T081	C3897406
27625093	1646	1651	CRT-D	T074	C1736558
27625093	1676	1678	VT	T047	C0042514
27625093	1681	1683	VF	T047	C0042510
27625093	1696	1712	1-year follow-up	T033	C0420338
27625093	1714	1726	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27625093	1728	1730	HR	T081	C2985465
27625093	1752	1760	Patients	T101	C0030705
27625093	1766	1770	TpTe	T081	C3897406
27625093	1771	1780	shortened	T080	C1282927
27625093	1784	1790	1-year	T079	C4082117
27625093	1797	1800	CRT	T061	C1167956
27625093	1807	1813	higher	T080	C0205250
27625093	1814	1818	rate	T081	C1521828
27625093	1822	1843	LV reverse remodeling	T042	C0600520
27625093	1853	1855	VT	T047	C0042514
27625093	1858	1860	VF	T047	C0042510
27625093	1875	1880	acute	T079	C0205178
27625093	1881	1888	changes	T169	C0392747
27625093	1892	1896	TpTe	T081	C3897406
27625093	1903	1906	CRT	T061	C1167956
27625093	1929	1939	mechanical	T169	C0443254
27625093	1940	1958	reverse remodeling	T042	C0600519
27625093	1963	1985	ventricular arrhythmia	T047	C0085612

27625204|t|Letter to the Editor] NaOH concentration and streptavidin bead type are key factors for optimal DNA aptamer strand separation and isolation
27625204|a|Address correspondence to Geoffrey K. Kilili or Christine M. Karbiwnyk, Winchester Engineering and Analytical Center, US Food and Drug Administration, Winchester, MA, 01890. E-mail: Geoffrey.Kilili@fda.hhs.gov or Christine.Karbiwnyk@fda.hhs.gov.
27625204	0	20	Letter to the Editor	T170	C0681488
27625204	22	26	NaOH	T131,T197	C0037517
27625204	27	40	concentration	T081	C1446561
27625204	45	62	streptavidin bead	T116,T123,T130	C0075278
27625204	76	83	factors	T169	C1521761
27625204	88	95	optimal	T080	C2698651
27625204	96	99	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27625204	100	107	aptamer	T114	C0599013
27625204	108	114	strand	T114	C1704973
27625204	115	125	separation	T059	C0022885
27625204	130	139	isolation	T059	C0220862
27625204	140	147	Address	T170	C1442065
27625204	148	162	correspondence	T170	C0282413
27625204	291	301	Winchester	T083	C0041703

27625333|t|Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation outcomes in children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
27625333|a|Pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) may develop refractory respiratory or cardiac failure that warrants consideration for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The purposes of this study were to describe the use and outcomes of ECMO in pediatric HLH patients, to identify risk factors for hospital mortality and to compare their ECMO use and outcomes to the ECMO population as a whole. Pediatric patients (⩽ 18 years) with a diagnosis of HLH in the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry were included. Between 1983 and 2014, data for 30 children with HLH were available in the ELSO registry and all were included in this study. All cases occurred in the last decade. Of the 30 HLH patients, 24 (80%) had a respiratory indication for ECMO and six (20%) had a cardiac indication (of which 4 were E - CPR and 2 cardiac failure). Of the 24 respiratory ECMO patients, 63% were placed on VA ECMO. Compared with all pediatric patients in the ELSO registry during the study period (n=17,007), HLH patients had worse hospital survival (non-HLH 59% vs HLH 30%, p =0.001). In pediatric HLH patients, no pre- ECMO risk factors for mortality were identified. The development of a hemorrhagic complication on ECMO was associated with decreased mortality (p =0.01). Comparing HLH patients with respiratory failure to patients with other immune compromised conditions, the overall survival rate is similar (HLH 38% vs. non-HLH immune compromised 31%, p =0.64). HLH is an uncommon indication for ECMO and these patients have increased mortality compared to the overall pediatric ECMO population. These data should be factored into decision-making when considering ECMO for pediatric HLH patients.
27625333	0	35	Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	T061	C0015357
27625333	36	44	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27625333	48	56	children	T100	C0008059
27625333	62	96	hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis	T047	C0024291
27625333	97	106	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
27625333	107	115	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	121	155	hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis	T047	C0024291
27625333	157	160	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	174	184	refractory	T169	C0205269
27625333	185	196	respiratory	T047	C1145670
27625333	200	215	cardiac failure	T047	C0018801
27625333	230	243	consideration	T033	C0518609
27625333	248	283	extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	T061	C0015357
27625333	285	289	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	291	298	support	T074	C0183683
27625333	304	312	purposes	T169	C1285529
27625333	321	326	study	T062	C0008972
27625333	348	351	use	T169	C0457083
27625333	356	364	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27625333	368	372	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	376	385	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27625333	386	389	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	390	398	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	403	411	identify	T080	C0205396
27625333	412	424	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27625333	429	447	hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
27625333	455	462	compare	T052	C1707455
27625333	469	473	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	474	477	use	T169	C0457083
27625333	482	490	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27625333	498	502	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	503	513	population	T098	C1257890
27625333	526	535	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
27625333	536	544	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	551	556	years	T079	C1510829
27625333	565	574	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27625333	578	581	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	589	629	Extracorporeal Life Support Organization	T058	C3161508
27625333	631	635	ELSO	T058	C3161508
27625333	637	645	Registry	T170	C0034975
27625333	651	659	included	T169	C0332257
27625333	684	688	data	T078	C1511726
27625333	696	704	children	T100	C0008059
27625333	710	713	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	736	740	ELSO	T058	C3161508
27625333	741	749	registry	T170	C0034975
27625333	763	771	included	T169	C0332257
27625333	780	785	study	T062	C0008972
27625333	791	796	cases	T077	C1706256
27625333	797	805	occurred	T052	C1709305
27625333	813	817	last	T079	C0205156
27625333	818	824	decade	T081	C2981279
27625333	836	839	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	840	848	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	865	876	respiratory	T047	C1145670
27625333	877	887	indication	T078	C3146298
27625333	892	896	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	917	924	cardiac	T047	C0018801
27625333	925	935	indication	T078	C3146298
27625333	953	954	E	T082	C0442087
27625333	957	960	CPR	T061	C0007203
27625333	967	982	cardiac failure	T047	C0018801
27625333	995	1006	respiratory	T047	C1145670
27625333	1007	1011	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	1012	1020	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	1041	1048	VA ECMO	T061	C3863606
27625333	1050	1058	Compared	T052	C1707455
27625333	1068	1077	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27625333	1078	1086	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	1094	1098	ELSO	T058	C3161508
27625333	1099	1107	registry	T170	C0034975
27625333	1119	1131	study period	T079	C0489652
27625333	1144	1147	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	1148	1156	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	1167	1184	hospital survival	T169	C0220921
27625333	1201	1204	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	1210	1211	p	T081	C1709380
27625333	1224	1233	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27625333	1234	1237	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	1238	1246	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	1256	1260	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	1261	1273	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27625333	1278	1287	mortality	T081	C0178686
27625333	1293	1303	identified	T080	C0205396
27625333	1309	1320	development	T169	C1527148
27625333	1326	1337	hemorrhagic	T080	C0333275
27625333	1338	1350	complication	T046	C0009566
27625333	1354	1358	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	1363	1378	associated with	T080	C0332281
27625333	1379	1388	decreased	T081	C0547047
27625333	1389	1398	mortality	T081	C0178686
27625333	1400	1401	p	T081	C1709380
27625333	1410	1419	Comparing	T052	C1707455
27625333	1420	1423	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	1424	1432	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	1438	1457	respiratory failure	T047	C1145670
27625333	1461	1469	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	1481	1510	immune compromised conditions	T201	C4284394
27625333	1524	1537	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27625333	1550	1553	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	1570	1588	immune compromised	T201	C4284394
27625333	1594	1595	p	T081	C1709380
27625333	1604	1607	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	1614	1622	uncommon	T080	C0522498
27625333	1623	1633	indication	T078	C3146298
27625333	1638	1642	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	1653	1661	patients	T101	C0030705
27625333	1667	1676	increased	T081	C0205217
27625333	1677	1686	mortality	T081	C0178686
27625333	1687	1695	compared	T052	C1707455
27625333	1711	1720	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27625333	1721	1725	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	1726	1736	population	T098	C1257890
27625333	1744	1748	data	T078	C1511726
27625333	1773	1788	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27625333	1806	1810	ECMO	T061	C0015357
27625333	1815	1824	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27625333	1825	1828	HLH	T047	C0024291
27625333	1829	1837	patients	T101	C0030705

27625449|t|Hemorrhagic sarcoid pleural effusion: A rare entity
27625449|a|Involvement of pleura by sarcoidosis remains a rare manifestation and varies from pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pleural thickening, hydropneumothorax, trapped lung, hemothorax, or chylothorax. Sarcoid pleural effusions presenting as hemorrhagic effusions are even more rare. We report a case of active pulmonary sarcoidosis presenting as hemorrhagic pleural effusion requiring tissue diagnosis to rule out malignancy. The rarity of the presentation prompted us to report this case.
27625449	0	11	Hemorrhagic	T080	C0333275
27625449	12	19	sarcoid	T047	C0036202
27625449	20	36	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
27625449	40	44	rare	T080	C0522498
27625449	45	51	entity	T071	C1551338
27625449	52	63	Involvement	T169	C1314939
27625449	67	73	pleura	T024	C0032225
27625449	77	88	sarcoidosis	T047	C0036202
27625449	99	103	rare	T080	C0522498
27625449	104	117	manifestation	T169	C0205319
27625449	134	150	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
27625449	152	164	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27625449	166	184	pleural thickening	T047	C0264545
27625449	186	203	hydropneumothorax	T033	C0020303
27625449	205	217	trapped lung	T047	C2242587
27625449	219	229	hemothorax	T046	C0019123
27625449	234	245	chylothorax	T047	C0008733
27625449	247	254	Sarcoid	T047	C0036202
27625449	255	272	pleural effusions	T047	C0032227
27625449	273	283	presenting	T078	C0449450
27625449	287	308	hemorrhagic effusions	T047	C0585110
27625449	323	327	rare	T080	C0522498
27625449	332	338	report	T058	C0700287
27625449	341	345	case	T077	C1706256
27625449	356	365	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27625449	366	377	sarcoidosis	T047	C0036202
27625449	378	388	presenting	T078	C0449450
27625449	392	420	hemorrhagic pleural effusion	T047	C0585110
27625449	431	447	tissue diagnosis	T185	C1546905
27625449	460	470	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27625449	490	502	presentation	T078	C0449450
27625449	518	524	report	T058	C0700287
27625449	530	534	case	T077	C1706256

27625705|t|Gut microbiome alterations in patients with stage 4 hepatitis C
27625705|a|Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes debilitating liver diseases, which may progress to cirrhosis and cancer, and claims 500,000 annual lives worldwide. While HCV epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy are being deeply studied, rare attention is given to reciprocal interactions between HCV infection, HCV -induced chronic liver diseases, and the human gut microbiome. As Egypt has the world's highest prevalence of HCV infections, we launched this study to monitor differences in the gut microbial community composition of Egyptian HCV patients that may affect, or result from, the patients ' liver state. To this end, we analyzed stool samples from six stage 4 - HCV patients and eight healthy individuals by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing using Illumina MiSeq. Overall, the alpha-diversity of the healthy persons' gut microbiomes was higher than those of the HCV patients. Whereas members of phylum Bacteroidetes were more abundant in HCV patients, healthy individuals had higher abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Genus -level analysis showed differential abundance of Prevotella and Faecalibacterium (higher in HCV patients) vs. Ruminococcus and Clostridium (healthy group), indicating that the higher abundance of Bacteroidetes in HCV patients is most likely due to Prevotella overabundance. The probiotic genus, Bifidobacterium, was only observed in the microbiotas of healthy individuals. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides a first overview of major phyla and genera differentiating stage 4 - HCV patients from healthy individuals and suggests possible microbiome remodeling in chronic hepatitis C, possibly shaped by bacterial translocation as well as the liver's impaired role in digestion and protein synthesis. Future studies will investigate the microbiome composition and functional capabilities in more patients while tracing some potential biomarker taxa (e.g., Prevotella, Faecalibacterium vs. Bifidobacterium).
27625705	0	14	Gut microbiome	T001	C2985398
27625705	15	26	alterations	T078	C1515926
27625705	30	38	patients	T101	C0030705
27625705	44	51	stage 4	T080	C0205585
27625705	52	63	hepatitis C	T047	C0019196
27625705	64	81	Hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
27625705	83	86	HCV	T005	C0220847
27625705	108	122	liver diseases	T047	C0023895
27625705	146	155	cirrhosis	T047	C0023890
27625705	160	166	cancer	T191	C0006826
27625705	200	209	worldwide	T078	C0043236
27625705	217	220	HCV	T005	C0220847
27625705	221	233	epidemiology	T062	C0002783
27625705	235	250	pathophysiology	T046	C0277785
27625705	256	263	therapy	T169	C0039798
27625705	317	340	reciprocal interactions	T040	C0596935
27625705	349	362	HCV infection	T047	C4288963
27625705	364	367	HCV	T005	C0220847
27625705	377	399	chronic liver diseases	T047	C0341439
27625705	409	414	human	T016	C0086418
27625705	415	429	gut microbiome	T001	C2985398
27625705	434	439	Egypt	T083	C0013715
27625705	448	455	world's	T098	C2700280
27625705	456	474	highest prevalence	T081	C1512456
27625705	478	492	HCV infections	T047	C4288963
27625705	511	516	study	T062	C2603343
27625705	547	570	gut microbial community	T001	C2985398
27625705	571	582	composition	T201	C0486616
27625705	586	594	Egyptian	T098	C0337801
27625705	595	598	HCV	T005	C0220847
27625705	599	607	patients	T101	C0030705
27625705	645	653	patients	T101	C0030705
27625705	656	661	liver	T023	C0023884
27625705	662	667	state	T169	C1442792
27625705	694	707	stool samples	T031	C1550661
27625705	717	724	stage 4	T080	C0205585
27625705	727	730	HCV	T005	C0220847
27625705	731	739	patients	T101	C0030705
27625705	750	769	healthy individuals	T098	C1708335
27625705	773	788	high-throughput	T060	C0872186
27625705	789	813	16S rRNA gene sequencing	T059	C1294197
27625705	820	834	Illumina MiSeq	T074	C0348000
27625705	849	864	alpha-diversity	T080	C0282469
27625705	872	888	healthy persons'	T098	C1708335
27625705	889	904	gut microbiomes	T001	C2985398
27625705	909	915	higher	T080	C0205250
27625705	934	937	HCV	T005	C0220847
27625705	938	946	patients	T101	C0030705
27625705	967	987	phylum Bacteroidetes	T007	C0995456
27625705	1010	1013	HCV	T005	C0220847
27625705	1014	1022	patients	T101	C0030705
27625705	1024	1043	healthy individuals	T098	C1708335
27625705	1048	1054	higher	T080	C0205250
27625705	1055	1064	abundance	T080	C2346714
27625705	1068	1078	Firmicutes	T007	C1254144
27625705	1080	1094	Proteobacteria	T007	C0751985
27625705	1100	1114	Actinobacteria	T007	C0600148
27625705	1116	1121	Genus	T185	C1708235
27625705	1129	1137	analysis	T062	C0936012
27625705	1158	1167	abundance	T080	C2346714
27625705	1171	1181	Prevotella	T007	C0242946
27625705	1186	1202	Faecalibacterium	T007	C1229075
27625705	1204	1210	higher	T080	C0205250
27625705	1214	1217	HCV	T005	C0220847
27625705	1218	1226	patients	T101	C0030705
27625705	1232	1244	Ruminococcus	T007	C0318074
27625705	1249	1260	Clostridium	T007	C0009054
27625705	1262	1275	healthy group	T078	C0441833
27625705	1298	1304	higher	T080	C0205250
27625705	1305	1314	abundance	T080	C2346714
27625705	1318	1331	Bacteroidetes	T007	C0995456
27625705	1335	1338	HCV	T005	C0220847
27625705	1339	1347	patients	T101	C0030705
27625705	1370	1380	Prevotella	T007	C0242946
27625705	1381	1394	overabundance	T080	C2346714
27625705	1400	1415	probiotic genus	T007	C0525033
27625705	1417	1432	Bifidobacterium	T007	C0005380
27625705	1459	1470	microbiotas	T001	C2985398
27625705	1474	1493	healthy individuals	T098	C1708335
27625705	1530	1535	study	T062	C2603343
27625705	1571	1576	phyla	T185	C1709533
27625705	1581	1587	genera	T185	C1708235
27625705	1604	1611	stage 4	T080	C0205585
27625705	1614	1617	HCV	T005	C0220847
27625705	1618	1626	patients	T101	C0030705
27625705	1632	1651	healthy individuals	T098	C1708335
27625705	1674	1684	microbiome	T001	C1956108
27625705	1699	1718	chronic hepatitis C	T047	C0524910
27625705	1739	1762	bacterial translocation	T043	C0282583
27625705	1778	1785	liver's	T023	C0023884
27625705	1786	1799	impaired role	T033	C0231410
27625705	1803	1812	digestion	T040	C0012238
27625705	1817	1834	protein synthesis	T044	C0597295
27625705	1872	1882	microbiome	T001	C1956108
27625705	1883	1894	composition	T201	C0486616
27625705	1910	1922	capabilities	T080	C2698977
27625705	1931	1939	patients	T101	C0030705
27625705	1969	1978	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27625705	1991	2001	Prevotella	T007	C0242946
27625705	2003	2019	Faecalibacterium	T007	C1229075
27625705	2024	2039	Bifidobacterium	T007	C0005380

27626099|t|Peptide -Mediated Interference of PB2 - eIF4G1 Interaction Inhibits Influenza A Viruses ' Replication in Vitro and in Vivo
27626099|a|Influenza viruses are obligate parasites that hijack the host cellular system. Previous results have shown that the influenza virus PB2 subunit confers a dependence of host eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4-γ 1 (eIF4G1) for viral mRNA translation. Here, we demonstrated that peptide -mediated interference of the PB2 - eIF4G1 interaction inhibited virus replication in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, intranasal administration of the peptide provided 100% protection against lethal challenges of influenza A viruses in BALB/c mice, including H1N1, H5N1, and H7N9 influenza virus subtypes. Mapping of the PB2 protein indicated that the eIF4G1 binding sites resided within the PB2 cap - binding domain. Virtual docking analysis suggested that the inhibitory peptide associated with the conserved amino acid residues that were essential to PB2 cap-binding activity. Overall, our results identified the PB2 - eIF4G1 interactive site as a druggable target for influenza therapeutics.
27626099	0	7	Peptide	T116	C0030956
27626099	18	30	Interference	T070	C0042730
27626099	34	37	PB2	T116,T123	C0753209
27626099	40	46	eIF4G1	T116,T123	C1505487
27626099	47	58	Interaction	T044	C0872079
27626099	59	67	Inhibits	T052	C3463820
27626099	68	87	Influenza A Viruses	T005	C0029347
27626099	90	101	Replication	T043	C0042774
27626099	102	110	in Vitro	T062	C0681828
27626099	115	122	in Vivo	T062	C0681829
27626099	123	140	Influenza viruses	T005	C0029341
27626099	145	163	obligate parasites	T204	C0562628
27626099	169	200	hijack the host cellular system	T043	C1154502
27626099	239	258	influenza virus PB2	T116,T123	C1611366
27626099	291	342	host eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4-γ 1	T116,T123	C1505487
27626099	344	350	eIF4G1	T116,T123	C1505487
27626099	356	378	viral mRNA translation	T046	C1154505
27626099	407	414	peptide	T116	C0030956
27626099	425	437	interference	T070	C0042730
27626099	445	448	PB2	T116,T123	C0753209
27626099	451	457	eIF4G1	T116,T123	C1505487
27626099	458	469	interaction	T044	C0872079
27626099	470	479	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27626099	480	497	virus replication	T043	C0042774
27626099	498	506	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27626099	511	518	in vivo	T062	C0681829
27626099	532	557	intranasal administration	T061	C0001560
27626099	565	572	peptide	T116	C0030956
27626099	587	597	protection	T033	C1545588
27626099	606	612	lethal	T033	C3151529
27626099	613	623	challenges	T058	C0805586
27626099	627	646	influenza A viruses	T005	C0029347
27626099	650	661	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
27626099	673	677	H1N1	T005	C1615607
27626099	679	683	H5N1	T005	C1613950
27626099	689	718	H7N9 influenza virus subtypes	T005	C3658219
27626099	720	727	Mapping	T063	C0949728
27626099	735	746	PB2 protein	T116,T123	C0753209
27626099	766	772	eIF4G1	T116,T123	C1505487
27626099	773	786	binding sites	T192	C0005456
27626099	806	813	PB2 cap	T116,T123	C0753209
27626099	816	830	binding domain	T044	C1149343
27626099	832	856	Virtual docking analysis	T170	C3494274
27626099	876	886	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27626099	887	894	peptide	T116	C0030956
27626099	895	910	associated with	T080	C0332281
27626099	925	944	amino acid residues	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27626099	968	971	PB2	T116,T123	C0753209
27626099	972	992	cap-binding activity	T059	C0201711
27626099	1030	1033	PB2	T116,T123	C0753209
27626099	1036	1042	eIF4G1	T116,T123	C1505487
27626099	1043	1059	interactive site	T192	C0005456
27626099	1065	1074	druggable	T121	C1254351
27626099	1086	1095	influenza	T047	C0021400
27626099	1096	1108	therapeutics	T061	C0087111

27626325|t|Chronic Hypobaric Hypoxia Induces Right Ventricular Hypertrophy and Apoptosis in Rats: Therapeutic Potential of Nanocurcumin in Improving Adaptation
27626325|a|Nehra, Sarita, Varun Bhardwaj, Santosh Kar, and Deepika Saraswat. Chronic hypobaric hypoxia induces right ventricular hypertrophy and apoptosis in rats: therapeutic potential of nanocurcumin in improving adaptation. High Alt Med Biol. 17:342-352, 2016.-a sustained work load on the right heart on ascent to high altitudes promotes right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), which eventually undergoes decompensation and promotes pathological damage. However, the exact set of events leading to damage remains unidentified. Curcumin is a natural antioxidant and antihypertrophic agent, but it has poor biostability. Nanotized curcumin (nanocurcumin) has emerged as a promising agent with improved biostability while retaining the therapeutic properties of curcumin. The present study aimed at analyzing the therapeutic properties of nanocurcumin in ameliorating cardiac damage due to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (HH)-induced RVH in comparison to curcumin. Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to HH (25,000 feet, effective oxygen fraction in air [FIO2] ∼0.08, temperature 28°C ± 1°C, relative humidity 55% ± 2% for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days) developed RVH with increased interstitial collagen content, Fulton's index, and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area while upregulating atrial natriuretic peptide. Tissue damage due to apoptotic cell death was evident by cytochrome-c / caspase-3 activation and TUNEL assay. Concomitant modulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/ cGK-1, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMkinase II), and intracellular calcium levels with increased free radical -induced damage and lipid peroxidation further contributed to the right heart pathology. Nanocurcumin supplementation decreased HH -induced RVH and apoptosis while modulating cardiac cGMP / cGK-1 signaling, and maintaining CaMkinase II, intracellular calcium levels and redox status better than curcumin. Nanocurcumin -mediated antiapoptotic effects might have benefited residents and sojourners at high altitude in preventing hypoxic cardiac damage.
27626325	0	7	Chronic	T079	C0205191
27626325	8	25	Hypobaric Hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27626325	34	63	Right Ventricular Hypertrophy	T047	C0162770
27626325	68	77	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27626325	81	85	Rats	T015	C0034721
27626325	87	98	Therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27626325	99	108	Potential	T080	C3245505
27626325	112	124	Nanocurcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	128	137	Improving	T080	C1272745
27626325	138	148	Adaptation	T038	C0392673
27626325	215	222	Chronic	T079	C0205191
27626325	223	240	hypobaric hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27626325	249	278	right ventricular hypertrophy	T047	C0162770
27626325	283	292	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27626325	296	300	rats	T015	C0034721
27626325	302	313	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27626325	314	323	potential	T080	C3245505
27626325	327	339	nanocurcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	343	352	improving	T080	C1272745
27626325	353	363	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27626325	414	423	work load	T081	C0085122
27626325	431	442	right heart	T029	C0225808
27626325	446	470	ascent to high altitudes	T033	C2029400
27626325	480	509	right ventricular hypertrophy	T047	C0162770
27626325	511	514	RVH	T047	C0162770
27626325	544	558	decompensation	T033	C0231187
27626325	572	591	pathological damage	T046	C0016663
27626325	637	643	damage	T169	C1883709
27626325	666	674	Curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	680	687	natural	T169	C0205296
27626325	688	699	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27626325	704	726	antihypertrophic agent	T121	C1254351
27626325	744	756	biostability	T080	C0205360
27626325	758	767	Nanotized	T081	C1553036
27626325	768	776	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	778	790	nanocurcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	839	851	biostability	T080	C0205360
27626325	872	894	therapeutic properties	T169	C0039798
27626325	898	906	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	949	971	therapeutic properties	T169	C0039798
27626325	975	987	nanocurcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	991	1003	ameliorating	T169	C0332303
27626325	1004	1011	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27626325	1012	1018	damage	T169	C1883709
27626325	1026	1033	chronic	T079	C0205191
27626325	1034	1051	hypobaric hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27626325	1053	1055	HH	T046	C0242184
27626325	1065	1068	RVH	T047	C0162770
27626325	1086	1094	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	1096	1115	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
27626325	1127	1129	HH	T046	C0242184
27626325	1144	1183	effective oxygen fraction in air [FIO2]	T033	C1821160
27626325	1191	1202	temperature	T081	C0039476
27626325	1215	1232	relative humidity	T081	C0428696
27626325	1279	1282	RVH	T047	C0162770
27626325	1298	1310	interstitial	T029	C0596790
27626325	1311	1319	collagen	T116	C0009325
27626325	1329	1343	Fulton's index	T170	C0918012
27626325	1349	1362	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27626325	1363	1383	cross-sectional area	T082	C0552389
27626325	1390	1402	upregulating	T044	C0949479
27626325	1403	1429	atrial natriuretic peptide	T116,T123	C0034684
27626325	1431	1444	Tissue damage	T037	C0010957
27626325	1452	1472	apoptotic cell death	T043	C0162638
27626325	1488	1500	cytochrome-c	T116,T126	C0010749
27626325	1503	1512	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27626325	1513	1523	activation	T044	C0014429
27626325	1528	1539	TUNEL assay	T063	C1515232
27626325	1567	1597	cyclic guanosine monophosphate	T114,T123	C0018338
27626325	1599	1603	cGMP	T114,T123	C0018338
27626325	1606	1611	cGK-1	T116,T126	C3494378
27626325	1613	1651	calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	T116,T126	C0248868
27626325	1653	1665	CaMkinase II	T116,T126	C0248868
27626325	1672	1685	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27626325	1686	1700	calcium levels	T034	C0428302
27626325	1716	1728	free radical	T104,T123	C0016693
27626325	1738	1744	damage	T037	C0010957
27626325	1749	1767	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
27626325	1795	1806	right heart	T029	C0225808
27626325	1807	1816	pathology	T091	C0030664
27626325	1818	1830	Nanocurcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	1831	1846	supplementation	T061	C1735596
27626325	1857	1859	HH	T046	C0242184
27626325	1869	1872	RVH	T047	C0162770
27626325	1877	1886	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27626325	1904	1911	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27626325	1912	1916	cGMP	T114,T123	C0018338
27626325	1919	1924	cGK-1	T116,T126	C3494378
27626325	1925	1934	signaling	T044	C0037080
27626325	1952	1964	CaMkinase II	T116,T126	C0248868
27626325	1966	1979	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27626325	1980	1994	calcium levels	T034	C0428302
27626325	1999	2011	redox status	T044	C0030012
27626325	2024	2032	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	2034	2046	Nanocurcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27626325	2057	2078	antiapoptotic effects	T033	C0243095
27626325	2128	2141	high altitude	T070	C0238617
27626325	2145	2155	preventing	T169	C1292733
27626325	2156	2163	hypoxic	T046	C0242184
27626325	2164	2171	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27626325	2172	2178	damage	T169	C1883709

27626498|t|DRG1 is a potential oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma and promotes tumor progression via spindle checkpoint signaling regulation
27626498|a|Developmentally regulated GTP binding protein 1 (DRG1), a member of the DRG family, plays important roles in regulating cell growth. However, the molecular basis of DRG1 in cell proliferation regulation and the relationship between DRG1 and tumor progression remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that DRG1 is elevated in lung adenocarcinomas while weakly expressed in adjacent lung tissues. DRG1 knockdown causes growth inhibition of tumor cells by significantly increasing the proportion of cells in M phase. Overexpression of DRG1 leads to chromosome missegregation which is an important index for tumorigenesis. Interestingly, ectopic of DRG1 reduces taxol induced apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mechanistic analyses confirm that DRG1 localizes at mitotic spindles in dividing cells and binds to spindle checkpoint signaling proteins in vivo. These studies highlight the expanding role of DRG1 in tumorigenesis and reveal a mechanism of DRG1 in taxol resistance.
27626498	0	4	DRG1	T028	C1414151
27626498	20	28	oncogene	T028	C0029016
27626498	32	51	lung adenocarcinoma	T191	C0152013
27626498	56	64	promotes	T052	C0033414
27626498	65	82	tumor progression	T191	C0178874
27626498	87	115	spindle checkpoint signaling	T043	C3156402
27626498	116	126	regulation	T038	C1327622
27626498	153	174	GTP binding protein 1	T116,T126	C1430718
27626498	176	180	DRG1	T116,T123	C0905573
27626498	199	209	DRG family	T116,T123	C1335532
27626498	236	258	regulating cell growth	T043	C0596286
27626498	273	288	molecular basis	T078	C1853126
27626498	292	296	DRG1	T116,T123	C0905573
27626498	300	329	cell proliferation regulation	T043	C1156235
27626498	359	363	DRG1	T116,T123	C0905573
27626498	368	385	tumor progression	T191	C0178874
27626498	438	442	DRG1	T116,T123	C0905573
27626498	458	478	lung adenocarcinomas	T191	C0152013
27626498	492	501	expressed	T045	C1171362
27626498	514	518	lung	T023	C0024109
27626498	519	526	tissues	T024	C0040300
27626498	528	532	DRG1	T028	C1414151
27626498	533	542	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27626498	550	567	growth inhibition	T043	C2244509
27626498	571	582	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27626498	629	634	cells	T025	C0007634
27626498	638	645	M phase	T043	C0007591
27626498	647	661	Overexpression	T045	C1171362
27626498	665	669	DRG1	T116,T123	C0905573
27626498	679	689	chromosome	T026	C0008633
27626498	690	704	missegregation	T045	C0314627
27626498	737	750	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621
27626498	767	774	ectopic	T045	C1512167
27626498	778	782	DRG1	T028	C1414151
27626498	791	796	taxol	T109,T121	C0678133
27626498	797	804	induced	T169	C0205263
27626498	805	814	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27626498	818	837	lung adenocarcinoma	T191	C0152013
27626498	838	843	cells	T025	C0007634
27626498	845	856	Mechanistic	T022	C0598002
27626498	857	865	analyses	T062	C0936012
27626498	879	883	DRG1	T116,T123	C0905573
27626498	884	893	localizes	T082	C0392752
27626498	897	913	mitotic spindles	T026	C0026258
27626498	917	931	dividing cells	T025	C0230517
27626498	936	941	binds	T044	C1167622
27626498	945	973	spindle checkpoint signaling	T043	C3156402
27626498	974	982	proteins	T116,T123	C1335962
27626498	983	990	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27626498	998	1005	studies	T062	C2603343
27626498	1038	1042	DRG1	T028	C1414151
27626498	1046	1059	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621
27626498	1073	1082	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27626498	1086	1090	DRG1	T028	C1414151
27626498	1094	1099	taxol	T109,T121	C0678133

27626511|t|Use of bacterial whole-genome sequencing to understand and improve the management of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections
27626511|a|Management of invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections is complex. Dramatic improvements in bacterial whole genome sequencing (WGS) offer new opportunities for personalising the treatment of S. aureus infections. Areas covered: We address recent achievements in S. aureus genomics, describe genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance and summarise studies that have defined molecular characteristics associated with risk and outcome of S. aureus invasive infections. Potential clinical use of WGS for resistance prediction, infection outcome stratification and management of persisten t / relapsing infections is critically discussed. Expert commentary: WGS is not only providing invaluable information to track the emergence and spread of important S. aureus clones, but also allows rapid determination of resistance genotypes in the clinical environment. An evolving opportunity is to infer clinically important outcomes and optimal therapeutic approaches from widely available S. aureus genome data, with the goal of individualizing management of invasive S. aureus infections.
27626511	0	6	Use of	T169	C1524063
27626511	7	16	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27626511	17	40	whole-genome sequencing	T063	C3640076
27626511	71	81	management	T058	C0376636
27626511	85	93	invasive	T080	C0205281
27626511	94	126	Staphylococcus aureus infections	T047	C1318973
27626511	127	137	Management	T058	C0376636
27626511	141	149	invasive	T080	C0205281
27626511	150	182	Staphylococcus aureus infections	T047	C1318973
27626511	186	193	complex	T080	C0439855
27626511	195	216	Dramatic improvements	T077	C2986411
27626511	220	229	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27626511	230	253	whole genome sequencing	T063	C3640076
27626511	255	258	WGS	T063	C3640076
27626511	270	283	opportunities	T062	C0683937
27626511	306	315	treatment	T061	C0087111
27626511	319	339	S. aureus infections	T047	C1318973
27626511	374	386	achievements	T053	C0001072
27626511	390	399	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27626511	400	408	genomics	T091	C0887950
27626511	419	439	genetic determinants	T091	C0017400
27626511	443	464	antibiotic resistance	T032	C0949669
27626511	505	530	molecular characteristics	T080	C1704991
27626511	531	546	associated with	T080	C0332281
27626511	547	551	risk	T033	C0582147
27626511	556	563	outcome	T033	C0243095
27626511	567	576	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27626511	577	596	invasive infections	T047	C4285937
27626511	598	607	Potential	T080	C3245505
27626511	608	616	clinical	T080	C0205210
27626511	617	623	use of	T169	C1524063
27626511	624	627	WGS	T063	C3640076
27626511	632	642	resistance	T039	C1514892
27626511	643	653	prediction	T078	C0681842
27626511	655	664	infection	T046	C3714514
27626511	665	672	outcome	T169	C1274040
27626511	673	687	stratification	T185	C0008902
27626511	692	702	management	T058	C0376636
27626511	706	715	persisten	T047	C1264606
27626511	720	729	relapsing	T067	C0035020
27626511	730	740	infections	T046	C3714514
27626511	766	783	Expert commentary	T077	C0600219
27626511	785	788	WGS	T063	C3640076
27626511	801	810	providing	T052	C1999230
27626511	811	833	invaluable information	T078	C1533716
27626511	847	856	emergence	T067	C1254366
27626511	861	867	spread	T080	C0332261
27626511	871	880	important	T080	C3898777
27626511	881	897	S. aureus clones	T007	C0038172
27626511	915	920	rapid	T080	C0456962
27626511	921	934	determination	T059	C1148554
27626511	938	948	resistance	T039	C1514892
27626511	949	958	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27626511	966	986	clinical environment	T080	C0205556
27626511	991	999	evolving	T169	C0332253
27626511	1000	1011	opportunity	T062	C0683937
27626511	1018	1023	infer	T078	C1707478
27626511	1024	1053	clinically important outcomes	T033	C0243095
27626511	1058	1065	optimal	T080	C2698651
27626511	1066	1088	therapeutic approaches	T061	C0087111
27626511	1111	1120	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27626511	1121	1127	genome	T028	C0017428
27626511	1128	1132	data	T078	C1511726
27626511	1143	1147	goal	T170	C0018017
27626511	1167	1177	management	T058	C0376636
27626511	1181	1189	invasive	T080	C0205281
27626511	1190	1210	S. aureus infections	T047	C1318973

27627778|t|Gelsolin in Onychophora and Tardigrada with notes on its variability in the Ecdysozoa
27627778|a|Rearrangements of the filamentous actin network involve a broad range of actin binding proteins. Among these, the gelsolin proteins sever actin filaments, cap their fast growing end and nucleate actin assembly in a calcium - dependent manner. Here, we focus on the gelsolin of the onychophoran Peripatoides novaezealandiae and the eutardigrade Hypsibius dujardini. From the cDNA of P. novaezealandiae we obtained the complete coding sequence with an open reading frame of 2178 bp. It encodes a protein of 726 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 82,610.9Da and a pI of 5.57. This sequence is comprised of six segments (S1-S6). However, analysis of data from TardiBase reveals that the gelsolin of the eutardigrade Hypsibius dujardini has only three segments (S1-S3). The coding sequence consist of 1119 bp for 373 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 42,440.95Da and a pI of 6.17. The Peripatoides and Hypsibius gelsolin revealed both conserved binding motifs for G-actin, F-actin and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), along with a full set of type-1 and type-2 Ca(2+) - binding sites which could result in the binding of eight and four calcium ions, respectively. Both gelsolin proteins lack a C-terminal latch-helix indicating a more rapid activation in the submicromolar Ca(2+) range. We suggest that a gelsolin with three segments was present in the last common ancestor of the ecdysozoan clade Panarthropoda (Onychophora, Tardigrada, Arthropoda), primarily because the gelsolin of all non-Ecdysozoa studied so far (except Chordata) reveals this number of segments. Mapping of our molecular data onto a well-established phylogeny revealed that the number of gelsolin segments does not correlate with the phylogenetic lineage but rather with particular functional demands to alter the kinetics of actin polymerization.
27627778	0	8	Gelsolin	T116,T123	C0061187
27627778	12	23	Onychophora	T204	C1001576
27627778	28	38	Tardigrada	T204	C1010027
27627778	57	68	variability	T077	C2827666
27627778	76	85	Ecdysozoa	T204	C3578917
27627778	86	100	Rearrangements	T067	C0596965
27627778	108	133	filamentous actin network	T116,T123	C1180307
27627778	150	155	range	T081	C1514721
27627778	159	181	actin binding proteins	T116,T123	C0001239
27627778	200	217	gelsolin proteins	T116,T123	C0061187
27627778	224	239	actin filaments	T026	C0025979
27627778	251	263	fast growing	T033	C4086299
27627778	272	280	nucleate	T044	C1155976
27627778	281	295	actin assembly	T043	C2610250
27627778	301	308	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27627778	311	320	dependent	T080	C0851827
27627778	351	359	gelsolin	T116,T123	C0061187
27627778	367	379	onychophoran	T204	C1001576
27627778	380	408	Peripatoides novaezealandiae	T204	C1083155
27627778	417	429	eutardigrade	T204	C1010027
27627778	430	449	Hypsibius dujardini	T204	C1465325
27627778	460	464	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27627778	468	486	P. novaezealandiae	T204	C1083155
27627778	490	498	obtained	T169	C1301820
27627778	512	527	coding sequence	T028	C0079941
27627778	536	554	open reading frame	T028	C0079941
27627778	563	565	bp	T044	C0600436
27627778	570	577	encodes	T052	C2700640
27627778	580	587	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27627778	595	606	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27627778	614	624	calculated	T052	C1441506
27627778	625	639	molecular mass	T081	C3152252
27627778	677	685	sequence	T087	C0002518
27627778	689	698	comprised	T052	C2700400
27627778	706	714	segments	T082	C0441635
27627778	733	741	analysis	T062	C0936012
27627778	745	749	data	T078	C1511726
27627778	755	764	TardiBase	T170	C0242356
27627778	765	772	reveals	T080	C0443289
27627778	782	790	gelsolin	T116,T123	C0061187
27627778	798	810	eutardigrade	T204	C1010027
27627778	811	830	Hypsibius dujardini	T204	C1465325
27627778	846	854	segments	T082	C0441635
27627778	868	883	coding sequence	T028	C0079941
27627778	900	902	bp	T044	C0600436
27627778	911	922	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27627778	930	940	calculated	T052	C1441506
27627778	941	955	molecular mass	T081	C3152252
27627778	993	1005	Peripatoides	T204	C1014425
27627778	1010	1019	Hypsibius	T204	C1481832
27627778	1020	1028	gelsolin	T116,T123	C0061187
27627778	1029	1037	revealed	T080	C0443289
27627778	1043	1052	conserved	T086	C0009802
27627778	1053	1067	binding motifs	T116,T123	C1956035
27627778	1072	1079	G-actin	T116,T123	C0016890
27627778	1081	1088	F-actin	T116,T123	C1180307
27627778	1093	1130	phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate	T109,T123	C0070798
27627778	1132	1136	PIP2	T109,T123	C0070798
27627778	1164	1170	type-1	T192	C0005456
27627778	1175	1181	type-2	T192	C0005456
27627778	1182	1188	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27627778	1191	1204	binding sites	T192	C0005456
27627778	1217	1223	result	T169	C1274040
27627778	1231	1238	binding	T044	C1167622
27627778	1257	1269	calcium ions	T121,T196	C0596235
27627778	1290	1307	gelsolin proteins	T116,T123	C0061187
27627778	1308	1312	lack	T080	C0332268
27627778	1315	1325	C-terminal	T087	C1514562
27627778	1326	1337	latch-helix	T082	C1704821
27627778	1356	1361	rapid	T080	C0456962
27627778	1362	1372	activation	T052	C1879547
27627778	1394	1406	Ca(2+) range	T059	C0201925
27627778	1426	1434	gelsolin	T116,T123	C0061187
27627778	1446	1454	segments	T082	C0441635
27627778	1459	1466	present	T033	C0150312
27627778	1486	1494	ancestor	T099	C0870134
27627778	1502	1512	ecdysozoan	T204	C3578917
27627778	1519	1532	Panarthropoda	T204	C1039396
27627778	1534	1545	Onychophora	T204	C1001576
27627778	1547	1557	Tardigrada	T204	C1010027
27627778	1559	1569	Arthropoda	T204	C0003903
27627778	1572	1581	primarily	T080	C0205225
27627778	1594	1602	gelsolin	T116,T123	C0061187
27627778	1624	1631	studied	T062	C2603343
27627778	1647	1655	Chordata	T008	C0920312
27627778	1657	1664	reveals	T080	C0443289
27627778	1680	1688	segments	T082	C0441635
27627778	1690	1697	Mapping	T059	C0030944
27627778	1705	1719	molecular data	T170	C0026382
27627778	1727	1743	well-established	T080	C0443211
27627778	1744	1753	phylogeny	T078	C0031797
27627778	1754	1762	revealed	T080	C0443289
27627778	1782	1790	gelsolin	T116,T123	C0061187
27627778	1791	1799	segments	T082	C0441635
27627778	1809	1818	correlate	T080	C1707520
27627778	1828	1840	phylogenetic	T078	C0031797
27627778	1841	1848	lineage	T077	C1881379
27627778	1876	1886	functional	T169	C0205245
27627778	1898	1903	alter	T169	C0392747
27627778	1908	1916	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27627778	1920	1940	actin polymerization	T043	C1155982

27628042|t|MiR-424-5p participates in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invasion and metastasis via SMAD7 pathway mediated EMT
27628042|a|ESCC is a life-threatening disease due to invasion and metastasis in the early stage. Great efforts had been made to detect the molecular mechanisms which led to the invasion and metastasis in ESCC. Recent evidence had suggested that deregulation of miR-424-5p took an important role in cancers. However, its role and functional mechanism in ESCC had seldom been elucidated. The expression levels of miR-424-5p were detected in ESCC tissues and cell lines by real-time PCR methods. Then, the invasion, metastasis and proliferation ability of ESCC cell lines transfected with miR-424-5p mimics were analyzed separately by transwell invasion assay, wound healing assay and cell proliferation assay. Finally, the target gene of miR-424-5p was studied and verified by luciferase activity assay. And the role of miR-424-5p in EMT was also investigated by real-time PCR and western blot assay. We showed that the expression levels of miR-424-5p were decreased both in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, the expression levels of miR-424-5p were negatively linked to lymph node metastasis in ESCC tissues. Restoration of miR-424-5p in EC-1 cells by using miR-424-5p mimics could decrease the invasion, metastasis and proliferation of EC-1 cells, indicating its role in inhibition on the invasion and metastasis ability of ESCC cells and tissues. In addition, we demonstrated that SMAD7 was a specific target gene for miR-424-5p by luciferase activity assay and miR-424-5p could not only negatively regulate SMAD7 expression but also participate in EMT via SMAD7, because overexpression of SMAD7 could partly enhance the miR-424-5p anti-EMT function. Our results described that miR-424-5p - SMAD7 pathway contributed to ESCC invasion and metastasis and up-regulation of miR-424-5p perhaps provided a strategy for preventing tumor invasion, metastasis.
27628042	0	10	MiR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	11	23	participates	T169	C0679823
27628042	27	61	esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0279626
27628042	62	70	invasion	T046	C0027626
27628042	75	85	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27628042	90	95	SMAD7	T028	C1334470
27628042	96	103	pathway	T044	C0037080
27628042	113	116	EMT	T043	C1523298
27628042	117	121	ESCC	T191	C0279626
27628042	127	143	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27628042	144	151	disease	T047	C0012634
27628042	159	167	invasion	T046	C0027626
27628042	172	182	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27628042	190	201	early stage	T079	C2363430
27628042	234	240	detect	T033	C0442726
27628042	245	254	molecular	T080	C1521991
27628042	255	265	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27628042	283	291	invasion	T046	C0027626
27628042	296	306	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27628042	310	314	ESCC	T191	C0279626
27628042	323	331	evidence	T078	C3887511
27628042	351	363	deregulation	T052	C1880287
27628042	367	377	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	396	400	role	T077	C1705810
27628042	404	411	cancers	T191	C0006826
27628042	426	430	role	T077	C1705810
27628042	435	445	functional	T169	C0205245
27628042	446	455	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27628042	459	463	ESCC	T191	C0279626
27628042	468	474	seldom	T080	C0522498
27628042	496	513	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27628042	517	527	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	533	541	detected	T033	C0442726
27628042	545	549	ESCC	T191	C0279626
27628042	550	557	tissues	T024	C0040300
27628042	562	572	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27628042	576	597	real-time PCR methods	T063	C1709846
27628042	609	617	invasion	T046	C0027626
27628042	619	629	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27628042	634	647	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27628042	659	663	ESCC	T191	C0279626
27628042	664	674	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27628042	675	686	transfected	T045	C0314641
27628042	692	702	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	715	723	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27628042	738	762	transwell invasion assay	T059	C1510438
27628042	764	783	wound healing assay	T059	C1510438
27628042	788	812	cell proliferation assay	T062	C3899698
27628042	827	838	target gene	T028	C0017337
27628042	842	852	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	869	877	verified	T169	C1711411
27628042	881	906	luciferase activity assay	T059	C1510438
27628042	916	920	role	T077	C1705810
27628042	924	934	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	938	941	EMT	T043	C1523298
27628042	951	963	investigated	T169	C1292732
27628042	967	980	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27628042	985	1003	western blot assay	T059	C0949466
27628042	1024	1041	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27628042	1045	1055	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	1061	1070	decreased	T081	C0205216
27628042	1079	1083	ESCC	T191	C0279626
27628042	1084	1091	tissues	T024	C0040300
27628042	1096	1106	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27628042	1125	1142	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27628042	1146	1156	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	1183	1193	lymph node	T023	C0024204
27628042	1194	1204	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27628042	1208	1212	ESCC	T191	C0279626
27628042	1213	1220	tissues	T024	C0040300
27628042	1237	1247	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	1251	1261	EC-1 cells	T025	C0597032
27628042	1271	1281	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	1295	1303	decrease	T081	C0547047
27628042	1308	1316	invasion	T046	C0027626
27628042	1318	1328	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27628042	1333	1346	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27628042	1350	1360	EC-1 cells	T025	C0597032
27628042	1377	1381	role	T077	C1705810
27628042	1385	1395	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27628042	1403	1411	invasion	T046	C0027626
27628042	1416	1426	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27628042	1438	1442	ESCC	T191	C0279626
27628042	1443	1448	cells	T025	C0597032
27628042	1453	1460	tissues	T024	C0040300
27628042	1496	1501	SMAD7	T028	C1334470
27628042	1517	1528	target gene	T028	C0017337
27628042	1533	1543	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	1547	1572	luciferase activity assay	T059	C1510438
27628042	1577	1587	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	1603	1613	negatively	T033	C0205160
27628042	1614	1622	regulate	T045	C0017263
27628042	1623	1628	SMAD7	T028	C1334470
27628042	1629	1639	expression	T045	C0017262
27628042	1664	1667	EMT	T043	C1523298
27628042	1672	1677	SMAD7	T028	C1334470
27628042	1687	1701	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27628042	1705	1710	SMAD7	T028	C1334470
27628042	1724	1731	enhance	T052	C2349975
27628042	1736	1746	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	1747	1755	anti-EMT	T033	C0243095
27628042	1756	1764	function	T169	C0542341
27628042	1770	1777	results	T169	C1274040
27628042	1793	1803	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	1806	1811	SMAD7	T028	C1334470
27628042	1812	1819	pathway	T044	C0037080
27628042	1835	1839	ESCC	T191	C0279626
27628042	1840	1848	invasion	T046	C0027626
27628042	1853	1863	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27628042	1868	1881	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27628042	1885	1895	miR-424-5p	T028	C1537908
27628042	1928	1938	preventing	T169	C1292733
27628042	1939	1953	tumor invasion	T033	C1269955
27628042	1955	1965	metastasis	T191	C0027627

27628070|t|Clinical heterogeneity of LRRK2 p.I2012T mutation
27628070|a|Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutations are the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, only few cases carrying LRRK2 mutations have been reported in Taiwanese PD patients. We used targeted next generation sequencing (NGS), covering 24 candidate genes involved in neurodegenerative disorders, to analyze 40 probands with familial PD, and 10 patients with mixed neurodegenerative disorders. Sanger sequencing of the identified mutation in the first set of the study was performed in additional 270 PD patients, including 139 familial PD and 131 early-onset PD (onset age less than 50 years old), and 300 age/gender matched control subjects. We found a missense variant, p.I2012T, in the LRRK2 gene in one sporadic patient having early-onset frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism and dystonia. Sanger sequencing this substitution in additional 270 PD patients in the second set of the study revealed two additional variant carriers: one having autosomal-dominant familial PD, and one with sporadic PD. The p.I2012T substitution was absent in 300 normal control subjects. Analyzing family members of the proband with p.I2012T revealed co-segregation of the variant and parkinsonism. Clinical presentations, levodopa responses, and (Tc99m)TRODAT - SPECT imaging findings of this index family were similar to idiopathic PD. Our results revealed clinical heterogeneity of the LRRK2 p.I2012T substitution, and demonstrated the use of targeted NGS for genetic diagnosis in multiplex families with PD or mixed neurodegenerative disorders.
27628070	0	22	Clinical heterogeneity	T033	C1837514
27628070	26	40	LRRK2 p.I2012T	T028	C1425650
27628070	41	49	mutation	T045	C0026882
27628070	50	78	Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2	T028	C1425650
27628070	80	85	LRRK2	T028	C1425650
27628070	87	96	mutations	T045	C0026882
27628070	117	124	genetic	T169	C0314603
27628070	134	153	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27628070	155	157	PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	193	198	LRRK2	T028	C1425650
27628070	199	208	mutations	T045	C0026882
27628070	231	240	Taiwanese	T098	C1556096
27628070	241	243	PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	244	252	patients	T101	C0030705
27628070	262	270	targeted	T169	C1521840
27628070	271	297	next generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
27628070	299	302	NGS	T063	C2936622
27628070	317	332	candidate genes	T028	C1332838
27628070	345	372	neurodegenerative disorders	T047	C0524851
27628070	388	396	probands	T032	C0702111
27628070	402	413	familial PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	422	430	patients	T101	C0030705
27628070	442	469	neurodegenerative disorders	T047	C0524851
27628070	471	488	Sanger sequencing	T063	C1511897
27628070	507	515	mutation	T045	C0026882
27628070	578	580	PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	581	589	patients	T101	C0030705
27628070	605	616	familial PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	625	636	early-onset	T033	C1833334
27628070	637	639	PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	641	650	onset age	T081	C0206132
27628070	703	719	control subjects	T096	C0009932
27628070	732	748	missense variant	T045	C0599155
27628070	750	758	p.I2012T	T028	C0017337
27628070	767	777	LRRK2 gene	T028	C1425650
27628070	785	793	sporadic	T079	C0205422
27628070	794	801	patient	T101	C0030705
27628070	809	820	early-onset	T033	C1833334
27628070	821	844	frontotemporal dementia	T047	C0338451
27628070	850	862	parkinsonism	T047	C0242422
27628070	867	875	dystonia	T184	C0013421
27628070	877	894	Sanger sequencing	T063	C1511897
27628070	900	912	substitution	T052	C1706204
27628070	931	933	PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	934	942	patients	T101	C0030705
27628070	998	1005	variant	T028	C0678941
27628070	1006	1014	carriers	T033	C0007294
27628070	1027	1057	autosomal-dominant familial PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	1072	1083	sporadic PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	1089	1097	p.I2012T	T028	C0017337
27628070	1098	1110	substitution	T052	C1706204
27628070	1115	1121	absent	T169	C0332197
27628070	1129	1152	normal control subjects	T096	C0009932
27628070	1164	1178	family members	T099	C0086282
27628070	1186	1193	proband	T032	C0702111
27628070	1199	1207	p.I2012T	T028	C0017337
27628070	1217	1231	co-segregation	T169	C0205245
27628070	1239	1246	variant	T033	C4284334
27628070	1251	1263	parkinsonism	T047	C0242422
27628070	1265	1273	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27628070	1274	1287	presentations	T078	C0449450
27628070	1289	1297	levodopa	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
27628070	1298	1307	responses	T040	C0683154
27628070	1313	1326	(Tc99m)TRODAT	T109,T121	C0535449
27628070	1343	1351	findings	T169	C2607943
27628070	1360	1372	index family	T099	C0015576
27628070	1389	1402	idiopathic PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	1425	1447	clinical heterogeneity	T033	C1837514
27628070	1455	1469	LRRK2 p.I2012T	T028	C1425650
27628070	1470	1482	substitution	T052	C1706204
27628070	1512	1520	targeted	T169	C1521840
27628070	1521	1524	NGS	T063	C2936622
27628070	1529	1546	genetic diagnosis	T060	C0596612
27628070	1550	1568	multiplex families	T099	C0015576
27628070	1574	1576	PD	T047	C0030567
27628070	1580	1585	mixed	T169	C0205430
27628070	1586	1613	neurodegenerative disorders	T047	C0524851

27628393|t|Quantitative phase imaging by single-shot Hilbert-Huang phase microscopy
27628393|a|We propose a novel single-shot Hilbert-Huang transform-based algorithm applied to digital holographic microscopy (DHM) for robust, fast, and accurate single-shot quantitative phase imaging in on-axis and off-axis configurations. Fringe pattern with possible defects and closed fringes are adaptively filtered and accurately phase demodulated using local fringe direction estimation. Experimental validation of the proposed techniques is presented as the DHM study of microbeads and red blood cells phase samples. Obtained results compare very favorably with the Fourier approach (off-axis) and temporal phase shifting (on-axis).
27628393	0	12	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
27628393	13	26	phase imaging	T060	C0011923
27628393	30	72	single-shot Hilbert-Huang phase microscopy	T059	C0026024
27628393	92	143	single-shot Hilbert-Huang transform-based algorithm	T170	C0002045
27628393	155	185	digital holographic microscopy	T060	C1547107
27628393	187	190	DHM	T060	C1547107
27628393	196	202	robust	T080	C2986815
27628393	204	208	fast	T080	C0456962
27628393	214	222	accurate	T080	C0443131
27628393	223	247	single-shot quantitative	T081	C0392762
27628393	248	261	phase imaging	T060	C0011923
27628393	265	272	on-axis	T082	C1522496
27628393	277	300	off-axis configurations	T082	C1522496
27628393	302	316	Fringe pattern	T082	C0449774
27628393	331	338	defects	T169	C1457869
27628393	343	357	closed fringes	T082	C1254362
27628393	362	381	adaptively filtered	T169	C0205245
27628393	386	396	accurately	T080	C0443131
27628393	397	414	phase demodulated	T169	C0205245
27628393	421	433	local fringe	T082	C1254362
27628393	456	468	Experimental	T080	C1517586
27628393	469	479	validation	T062	C1519941
27628393	496	506	techniques	T169	C0449851
27628393	527	530	DHM	T060	C1547107
27628393	531	536	study	T062	C2603343
27628393	540	550	microbeads	T074	C0026032
27628393	555	570	red blood cells	T025	C0014792
27628393	571	576	phase	T079	C0205390
27628393	577	584	samples	T167	C0370003
27628393	595	602	results	T169	C1274040
27628393	603	610	compare	T052	C1707455
27628393	635	651	Fourier approach	T081	C0282183
27628393	653	661	off-axis	T082	C1522496
27628393	667	690	temporal phase shifting	T079	C1254367
27628393	692	699	on-axis	T082	C1522496

27628933|t|Double-Network Hydrogel with Tunable Mechanical Performance and Biocompatibility for the Fabrication of Stem Cells - Encapsulated Fibers and 3D Assemble
27628933|a|Fabrication of cell - encapsulated fibers could greatly contribute to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, existing methods suffered from not only unavoidability of cell damaging conditions and/or sophisticated equipment, but also unavailability of proper materials to satisfy both mechanical and biological expectations. In this work, a simple method is proposed to prepare cell - encapsulated fibers with tunable mechanical strength and stretching behavior as well as diameter and microstructure. The hydrogel fibers are made from optimal combination of alginate and poly(N-iso-propylacrylamide)-poly(ethylene glycol), characteristics of double-network hydrogel, with enough stiffness and flexibility to create a variety of three dimensional structures like parallel helical and different knots without crack. Furthermore, such hydrogel fibers exhibit better compatibility as indicated by the viability, proliferation and expression of pluripotency markers of embryonic stem cells encapsulated after 4-day culture. The double-network hydrogel possesses specific quick responses to either of alginate lyase, EDTA or lower environmental temperature which facilitate the optional degradation of fibers or fibrous assemblies to release the cells encapsulated for subsequent assay or treatment.
27628933	0	23	Double-Network Hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27628933	29	36	Tunable	T080	C0205556
27628933	37	59	Mechanical Performance	T052	C1882330
27628933	64	80	Biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
27628933	89	100	Fabrication	T170	C3494260
27628933	104	114	Stem Cells	T025	C0038250
27628933	117	136	Encapsulated Fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
27628933	141	152	3D Assemble	T082	C1254362
27628933	153	164	Fabrication	T170	C3494260
27628933	168	172	cell	T025	C0038250
27628933	175	194	encapsulated fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
27628933	209	219	contribute	T052	C1880177
27628933	223	241	tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
27628933	246	267	regenerative medicine	T091	C1257974
27628933	278	286	existing	T080	C2347662
27628933	287	294	methods	T169	C0449851
27628933	318	332	unavoidability	T080	C0205556
27628933	336	349	cell damaging	T049	C0599732
27628933	350	360	conditions	T080	C0348080
27628933	368	391	sophisticated equipment	T073	C0681588
27628933	402	416	unavailability	T080	C0686905
27628933	427	436	materials	T167	C0520510
27628933	453	463	mechanical	T169	C0443254
27628933	468	478	biological	T080	C0205460
27628933	479	491	expectations	T078	C0679138
27628933	501	505	work	T057	C0043227
27628933	509	515	simple	T080	C0205352
27628933	516	522	method	T169	C0449851
27628933	526	534	proposed	T080	C1553874
27628933	538	545	prepare	T052	C1521827
27628933	546	550	cell	T025	C0038250
27628933	553	572	encapsulated fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
27628933	578	585	tunable	T080	C0205556
27628933	586	605	mechanical strength	T081	C0039526
27628933	610	629	stretching behavior	T080	C0871161
27628933	641	649	diameter	T081	C1301886
27628933	654	668	microstructure	T104	C1254350
27628933	674	682	hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27628933	683	689	fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
27628933	704	711	optimal	T080	C2698651
27628933	712	723	combination	T080	C0205195
27628933	727	735	alginate	T109,T122	C0102137
27628933	740	790	poly(N-iso-propylacrylamide)-poly(ethylene glycol)	T122	C0005479
27628933	811	834	double-network hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27628933	848	857	stiffness	T184	C0427008
27628933	862	873	flexibility	T080	C0242808
27628933	877	883	create	T052	C1706214
27628933	886	893	variety	T077	C2346866
27628933	897	925	three dimensional structures	T082	C0026377
27628933	931	947	parallel helical	T082	C1254362
27628933	952	961	different	T080	C1705242
27628933	962	981	knots without crack	T082	C1254362
27628933	1001	1009	hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27628933	1010	1016	fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
27628933	1025	1031	better	T080	C0332272
27628933	1032	1045	compatibility	T044	C0596177
27628933	1049	1058	indicated	T033	C1444656
27628933	1066	1075	viability	T080	C0443348
27628933	1077	1090	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27628933	1095	1105	expression	T169	C0205245
27628933	1109	1121	pluripotency	T169	C1514185
27628933	1122	1129	markers	T201	C0005516
27628933	1133	1153	embryonic stem cells	T025	C0596508
27628933	1154	1166	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27628933	1173	1178	4-day	T033	C3840892
27628933	1179	1186	culture	T059	C0430400
27628933	1192	1215	double-network hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27628933	1216	1225	possesses	T048	C0850310
27628933	1226	1234	specific	T080	C0205369
27628933	1235	1240	quick	T080	C0456962
27628933	1241	1250	responses	T032	C0871261
27628933	1264	1278	alginate lyase	T116,T126	C0051154
27628933	1280	1284	EDTA	T109,T121	C0013618
27628933	1294	1319	environmental temperature	T081	C2983601
27628933	1350	1361	degradation	T169	C0243125
27628933	1365	1371	fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
27628933	1375	1393	fibrous assemblies	T082	C1254362
27628933	1409	1414	cells	T025	C0038250
27628933	1415	1427	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27628933	1432	1442	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27628933	1443	1448	assay	T059	C1510438
27628933	1452	1461	treatment	T061	C0087111

27629156|t|Simultaneous determination of eight metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in urine
27629156|a|A simultaneous method for quantifying eight metabolites of organophosphate pesticides and pyrethroid pesticides in urine samples has been established. The analytes were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction coupled with WCX solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Eight metabolites were chemically derivatized before analysis using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS). The separation was performed on a HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) with temperature programming. The detection was performed under electro-spray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. An internal standard method was used. The extraction solvent, types of SPE cartridges and eluents were optimized by comparing the sample recoveries under different conditions. The results showed that the calibration curves of the five organophosphorus pesticides metabolites were linear in the range of 0.2-200 μg/L (r(2) ≥ 0.992) and that of the three pyrethroid pesticides metabolites were linear in the range of 0.025-250 μg/L (r(2) ≥ 0.991). The limits of detection (LODs, S/N ≥ 3) and the limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N ≥ 10) of the eight metabolites were 0.008-0.833 μg/L and 0.25-2.5 μg/L, respectively. The recoveries of the eight metabolites ranged from 54.08% to 82.49%. This efficient, stable, and cost-effective method is adequate to handle the large number of samples required for surveying the exposure level of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in the general population.
27629156	0	12	Simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27629156	13	26	determination	T059	C1148554
27629156	36	47	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27629156	51	66	organophosphate	T109	C1452958
27629156	71	92	pyrethroid pesticides	T109,T121	C0360431
27629156	96	101	urine	T031	C0042036
27629156	104	116	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27629156	117	123	method	T169	C0025664
27629156	128	139	quantifying	T081	C1709793
27629156	146	157	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27629156	161	187	organophosphate pesticides	T109,T131	C0360429
27629156	192	213	pyrethroid pesticides	T109,T121	C0360431
27629156	217	230	urine samples	T031	C1610733
27629156	240	251	established	T080	C0443211
27629156	257	265	analytes	T167	C0443354
27629156	271	280	extracted	T059	C0684295
27629156	287	311	liquid-liquid extraction	T059	C3178840
27629156	312	319	coupled	T169	C1948027
27629156	325	368	WCX solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges	T074	C0179630
27629156	329	357	solid phase extraction (SPE)	T059	C1720880
27629156	376	387	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27629156	423	431	analysis	T062	C0936012
27629156	438	481	gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4054903
27629156	483	491	GC-MS-MS	T059	C4054903
27629156	498	508	separation	T059	C1441514
27629156	513	522	performed	T169	C0884358
27629156	528	551	HP-5MS capillary column	T074	C0687238
27629156	584	595	temperature	T081	C0039476
27629156	596	607	programming	T170	C0009607
27629156	613	622	detection	T061	C1511790
27629156	627	636	performed	T169	C0884358
27629156	643	667	electro-spray ionization	T059	C1516801
27629156	669	672	ESI	T059	C1516801
27629156	677	716	multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode	T169	C0205245
27629156	721	745	internal standard method	T170	C0025663
27629156	760	770	extraction	T059	C0684295
27629156	771	778	solvent	T130	C0037638
27629156	780	785	types	T080	C0332307
27629156	789	792	SPE	T059	C1720880
27629156	793	803	cartridges	T074	C0179630
27629156	808	815	eluents	T130	C3469601
27629156	821	830	optimized	T052	C2698650
27629156	834	843	comparing	T052	C1707455
27629156	848	854	sample	T167	C0370003
27629156	855	865	recoveries	T052	C0237820
27629156	872	881	different	T080	C1705242
27629156	882	892	conditions	T080	C0348080
27629156	898	905	results	T169	C1274040
27629156	922	933	calibration	T081	C0006751
27629156	934	940	curves	T081	C0392762
27629156	953	980	organophosphorus pesticides	T109,T131	C0360429
27629156	981	992	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27629156	998	1004	linear	T082	C0205132
27629156	1012	1017	range	T081	C1514721
27629156	1071	1092	pyrethroid pesticides	T109,T121	C0360431
27629156	1093	1104	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27629156	1110	1116	linear	T082	C0205132
27629156	1124	1129	range	T081	C1514721
27629156	1168	1187	limits of detection	T081	C2718050
27629156	1189	1193	LODs	T081	C2718050
27629156	1212	1236	limits of quantification	T081	C0392762
27629156	1238	1242	LOQs	T081	C0392762
27629156	1267	1278	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27629156	1338	1348	recoveries	T052	C0237820
27629156	1362	1373	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27629156	1374	1380	ranged	T081	C1514721
27629156	1409	1418	efficient	T080	C0442799
27629156	1420	1426	stable	T080	C0205360
27629156	1432	1446	cost-effective	T169	C0220812
27629156	1447	1453	method	T170	C0025663
27629156	1457	1465	adequate	T080	C0205411
27629156	1496	1503	samples	T167	C0370003
27629156	1517	1526	surveying	T170	C0038951
27629156	1531	1545	exposure level	T081	C0024971
27629156	1549	1565	organophosphorus	T109	C1452958
27629156	1570	1591	pyrethroid pesticides	T109,T121	C0360431
27629156	1607	1617	population	T098	C1257890

27629246|t|Synchronous vitellogenin expression and sexual maturation during migration are negatively correlated with juvenile hormone levels in Mythimna separata
27629246|a|Annual migration of pests between different seasonal habitats can lead to serious crop damage. Reproductive immaturity is generally associated with the migratory process (oogenesis - flight syndrome), but the mechanism of reproductive development during migration varies unpredictably. Here, the vitellogenin gene (MsVg) and three key regulatory enzyme genes (MsJhamt, MsJheh and MsJhe) related to juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis and degradation were identified and characterized in Mythimna separata. The relative expression of MsVg varied significantly in response to seasonal changes and was significantly correlated with stages of ovarian development. The relatively low levels of JH titer did not differ significantly in male moths but slightly increased in female adults during the migratory season, which was consistent with changes in mRNA levels for MsJhamt, MsJheh and MsJhe. JH titer was negatively associated with relative seasonal levels of vitellogenin mRNA transcripts and with ovarian development in migrating M. separata. The synchrony of MsVg expression with sexual maturation highlighted the potential of MsVg transcript levels to serve as an index to monitor the adult reproductive status. In addition, the level of JH and sexual maturity were correlated with the extent of JH in regulating the MsVg expression and reproduction during seasonal northern and southern migration.
27629246	0	11	Synchronous	T079	C0439580
27629246	12	24	vitellogenin	T116,T123	C0042896
27629246	25	35	expression	T045	C1171362
27629246	40	57	sexual maturation	T040	C0036887
27629246	65	74	migration	T039	C1533574
27629246	79	89	negatively	T033	C0205160
27629246	90	100	correlated	T080	C1707520
27629246	106	122	juvenile hormone	T125	C0022439
27629246	123	129	levels	T080	C0441889
27629246	133	150	Mythimna separata	T204	C1477488
27629246	158	167	migration	T039	C1533574
27629246	171	176	pests	T008	C0869004
27629246	185	194	different	T080	C1705242
27629246	195	203	seasonal	T079	C0036497
27629246	204	212	habitats	T082	C0871648
27629246	217	221	lead	T169	C1522538
27629246	233	237	crop	T002	C0242775
27629246	238	244	damage	T169	C1883709
27629246	246	258	Reproductive	T040	C0035150
27629246	259	269	immaturity	T080	C0205252
27629246	303	320	migratory process	T039	C1533574
27629246	322	331	oogenesis	T042	C0029047
27629246	334	349	flight syndrome	T047	C0039082
27629246	360	369	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27629246	373	397	reproductive development	T040	C0597375
27629246	405	414	migration	T039	C1533574
27629246	405	414	migration	T039	C1533574
27629246	422	435	unpredictably	T033	C0562453
27629246	447	464	vitellogenin gene	T028	C0017337
27629246	466	470	MsVg	T028	C0017337
27629246	482	485	key	T077	C1706198
27629246	486	509	regulatory enzyme genes	T028	C0017362
27629246	511	518	MsJhamt	T028	C0017337
27629246	520	526	MsJheh	T028	C0017337
27629246	531	536	MsJhe	T028	C0017337
27629246	549	565	juvenile hormone	T125	C0022439
27629246	567	569	JH	T125	C0022439
27629246	571	580	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27629246	585	596	degradation	T044	C0314674
27629246	602	612	identified	T080	C0205396
27629246	617	630	characterized	T052	C1880022
27629246	634	651	Mythimna separata	T204	C1477488
27629246	657	676	relative expression	T045	C0017262
27629246	680	684	MsVg	T028	C0017337
27629246	709	717	response	T032	C0871261
27629246	721	729	seasonal	T079	C0036497
27629246	730	737	changes	T169	C0392747
27629246	760	770	correlated	T080	C1707520
27629246	776	782	stages	T079	C1306673
27629246	786	805	ovarian development	T042	C1160267
27629246	822	832	low levels	T080	C0441889
27629246	836	838	JH	T125	C0022439
27629246	839	844	titer	T081	C0475208
27629246	849	859	not differ	T033	C3842396
27629246	877	881	male	T032	C0086582
27629246	882	887	moths	T204	C0026593
27629246	901	910	increased	T081	C0205217
27629246	914	927	female adults	T098	C0043210
27629246	939	955	migratory season	T039	C1533574
27629246	967	982	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27629246	983	990	changes	T169	C0392747
27629246	994	998	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27629246	999	1005	levels	T080	C0441889
27629246	1010	1017	MsJhamt	T028	C0017337
27629246	1019	1025	MsJheh	T028	C0017337
27629246	1030	1035	MsJhe	T028	C0017337
27629246	1037	1039	JH	T125	C0022439
27629246	1040	1045	titer	T081	C0475208
27629246	1050	1060	negatively	T033	C0205160
27629246	1086	1094	seasonal	T079	C0036497
27629246	1095	1101	levels	T080	C0441889
27629246	1105	1117	vitellogenin	T116,T123	C0042896
27629246	1118	1122	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27629246	1123	1134	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27629246	1144	1163	ovarian development	T042	C1160267
27629246	1167	1176	migrating	T039	C1533574
27629246	1177	1188	M. separata	T204	C1477488
27629246	1194	1203	synchrony	T079	C0439580
27629246	1207	1222	MsVg expression	T045	C0017262
27629246	1228	1245	sexual maturation	T040	C0036887
27629246	1262	1271	potential	T080	C3245505
27629246	1275	1279	MsVg	T028	C0017337
27629246	1280	1290	transcript	T114	C1519595
27629246	1291	1297	levels	T080	C0441889
27629246	1313	1318	index	T170	C0918012
27629246	1334	1339	adult	T100	C0001675
27629246	1340	1352	reproductive	T040	C0035150
27629246	1353	1359	status	T080	C0449438
27629246	1378	1383	level	T080	C0441889
27629246	1387	1389	JH	T125	C0022439
27629246	1394	1409	sexual maturity	T040	C0036887
27629246	1415	1425	correlated	T080	C1707520
27629246	1445	1447	JH	T125	C0022439
27629246	1451	1461	regulating	T038	C1327622
27629246	1466	1481	MsVg expression	T045	C0017262
27629246	1486	1498	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27629246	1506	1514	seasonal	T079	C0036497
27629246	1515	1546	northern and southern migration	T039	C1533574
27629246	1537	1546	migration	T039	C1533574

27629431|t|Suppressed translation and ULK1 degradation as potential mechanisms of autophagy limitation under prolonged starvation
27629431|a|Macroautophagy / autophagy is a well-organized process of intracellular degradation, which is rapidly activated under starvation conditions. Recent data demonstrate a transcriptional upregulation of several autophagy genes as a mechanism that controls autophagy in response to starvation. Here we report that despite the significant upregulation of mRNA of the essential autophagy initiation gene ULK1, its protein level is rapidly reduced under starvation. Although both autophagic and proteasomal systems contribute to the degradation of ULK1, under prolonged nitrogen deprivation, its level was still reduced in ATG7 knockout cells, and only initially stabilized in cells treated with the lysosomal or proteasomal inhibitors. We demonstrate that under starvation, protein translation is rapidly diminished and, similar to treatments with the proteosynthesis inhibitors cycloheximide or anisomycin, is associated with a significant reduction of ULK1. Furthermore, it was found that inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes or the mitochondrial ATP synthase function that could also take place in the absence of substrates, promote upregulation of ULK1 mRNA and protein expression in an AMPK - dependent manner in U1810 lung cancer cells growing in complete culture medium. These inhibitors could also drastically increase the ULK1 protein in U1810 cells with knockout of ATG13, where the ULK1 expression is significantly diminished. However, such upregulation of ULK1 protein is negligible under starvation conditions, further signifying the contribution of translation and suggesting that transcriptional upregulation of ULK1 protein will be diminished under such conditions. Thus, we propose a model where inhibition of protein translation, together with the degradation systems, limit autophagy during starvation.
27629431	0	10	Suppressed	T169	C1260953
27629431	11	22	translation	T044	C0597295
27629431	27	31	ULK1	T116,T126	C1313678
27629431	32	43	degradation	T044	C0597297
27629431	47	56	potential	T080	C3245505
27629431	57	67	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27629431	71	80	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27629431	98	107	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27629431	108	118	starvation	T033	C0038187
27629431	119	133	Macroautophagy	T043	C1155604
27629431	136	145	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27629431	177	202	intracellular degradation	T043	C1523935
27629431	221	230	activated	T052	C1879547
27629431	237	247	starvation	T033	C0038187
27629431	267	271	data	T078	C1511726
27629431	286	301	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27629431	302	314	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27629431	326	335	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27629431	336	341	genes	T028	C0017337
27629431	347	356	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27629431	362	370	controls	T169	C2587213
27629431	371	380	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27629431	396	406	starvation	T033	C0038187
27629431	452	464	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27629431	468	472	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27629431	490	499	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27629431	500	515	initiation gene	T028	C0017337
27629431	516	520	ULK1	T028	C1421350
27629431	526	533	protein	T116,T126	C1313678
27629431	534	539	level	T080	C0441889
27629431	551	558	reduced	T080	C0392756
27629431	565	575	starvation	T033	C0038187
27629431	591	601	autophagic	T043	C0004391
27629431	606	625	proteasomal systems	T116,T123	C0033684
27629431	644	655	degradation	T044	C0597297
27629431	659	663	ULK1	T116,T126	C1313678
27629431	671	680	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27629431	681	689	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
27629431	690	701	deprivation	T080	C0871712
27629431	707	712	level	T080	C0441889
27629431	723	730	reduced	T080	C0392756
27629431	734	738	ATG7	T028	C1825498
27629431	739	753	knockout cells	T025	C0007634
27629431	788	793	cells	T025	C0007634
27629431	794	801	treated	T169	C1522326
27629431	811	820	lysosomal	T026	C0024369
27629431	824	846	proteasomal inhibitors	T121	C1443643
27629431	874	884	starvation	T033	C0038187
27629431	886	905	protein translation	T044	C0597295
27629431	917	927	diminished	T081	C0205216
27629431	944	954	treatments	T061	C0087111
27629431	964	990	proteosynthesis inhibitors	T121	C0033671
27629431	991	1004	cycloheximide	T109,T195	C0010572
27629431	1008	1018	anisomycin	T109,T195	C0003082
27629431	1053	1062	reduction	T080	C0392756
27629431	1066	1070	ULK1	T116,T126	C1313678
27629431	1103	1113	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27629431	1121	1134	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27629431	1135	1156	respiratory complexes	T026	C4235129
27629431	1164	1177	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27629431	1178	1199	ATP synthase function	T044	C2250396
27629431	1234	1241	absence	T169	C0332197
27629431	1245	1255	substrates	T167	C3891814
27629431	1265	1277	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27629431	1281	1290	ULK1 mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27629431	1295	1313	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27629431	1320	1324	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27629431	1327	1336	dependent	T169	C3244310
27629431	1347	1370	U1810 lung cancer cells	T025	C0597032
27629431	1391	1405	culture medium	T130	C0010454
27629431	1413	1423	inhibitors	T080	C1999216
27629431	1447	1455	increase	T169	C0442805
27629431	1460	1472	ULK1 protein	T116,T126	C1313678
27629431	1476	1487	U1810 cells	T025	C0597032
27629431	1505	1510	ATG13	T028	C3146638
27629431	1522	1526	ULK1	T116,T126	C1313678
27629431	1527	1537	expression	T045	C1171362
27629431	1555	1565	diminished	T081	C0205216
27629431	1581	1593	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27629431	1597	1609	ULK1 protein	T116,T126	C1313678
27629431	1630	1640	starvation	T033	C0038187
27629431	1692	1703	translation	T044	C0597295
27629431	1724	1739	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27629431	1740	1752	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27629431	1756	1768	ULK1 protein	T116,T126	C1313678
27629431	1777	1787	diminished	T081	C0205216
27629431	1830	1835	model	T075	C0026336
27629431	1842	1852	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27629431	1856	1875	protein translation	T044	C0597295
27629431	1895	1906	degradation	T044	C0597297
27629431	1922	1931	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27629431	1939	1949	starvation	T033	C0038187

27629727|t|Ventricular Effective Refraction Period and Ventricular Repolarization Analysis in Experimental Tachycardiomyopathy in Swine
27629727|a|Swine are recognized animal models of human cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known on the CHF -associated changes in the electrophysiological ventricular parameters of humans and animals. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in the durations of ventricular effective refraction period (VERP), QT and QTc intervals of pigs with chronic tachycardia - induced tachycardiomyopathy (TIC). The study was comprised of 28 adult pigs (8 females and 20 males) of the Polish Large White breed. A one-chamber pacemaker was implanted in each of the 28 pigs. Electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and electrophysiological studies were carried out prior to the pacemaker implantation and at subsequent 4- week intervals. All electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and short electrophysiological study measurements in all swine were done under general anesthesia (propofol) after premedication with midazolam, medetomidine, and ketamine. No significant changes in the duration of QT interval and corrected QT interval (QTc) were observed during consecutive weeks of the experiment. The duration of the QTc interval of female pigs was shown to be significantly longer than that of the males throughout the whole study period. Beginning from the 12th week of rapid ventricular pacing, a significant increase in duration of VERP was observed in both male and female pigs. Males and females did not differ significantly in terms of VERP duration determined throughout the whole study period. Ventricular pacing, stimulation with 2 and 3 premature impulses at progressively shorter coupling intervals and an imposed rhythm of 130 bpm or 150 bpm induced transient ventricular tachycardia in one female pig and four male pigs. One episode of permanent ventricular tachycardia was observed. The number of induced arrhythmias increased proportionally to the severity of heart failure and duration of the experiment. However, relatively aggressive protocols of stimulation were required in order to induce arrhythmia in the studied pigs.
27629727	0	39	Ventricular Effective Refraction Period	T033	C0428940
27629727	44	70	Ventricular Repolarization	T042	C3537202
27629727	71	79	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27629727	83	95	Experimental	T080	C1517586
27629727	96	115	Tachycardiomyopathy	T047	C0878544
27629727	119	124	Swine	T015	C0039005
27629727	125	130	Swine	T015	C0039005
27629727	146	159	animal models	T050	C0012644
27629727	163	168	human	T016	C0086418
27629727	169	192	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
27629727	226	229	CHF	T047	C0018802
27629727	242	249	changes	T169	C0392747
27629727	257	300	electrophysiological ventricular parameters	T033	C0449381
27629727	304	310	humans	T016	C0086418
27629727	315	322	animals	T008	C0003062
27629727	361	368	changes	T169	C0392747
27629727	376	385	durations	T079	C0449238
27629727	389	428	ventricular effective refraction period	T033	C0428940
27629727	430	434	VERP	T033	C0428940
27629727	437	439	QT	T201	C0429028
27629727	444	457	QTc intervals	T081	C0860814
27629727	461	465	pigs	T015	C0039005
27629727	471	478	chronic	T079	C0205191
27629727	479	490	tachycardia	T046	C0039231
27629727	493	500	induced	T169	C0205263
27629727	501	520	tachycardiomyopathy	T047	C0878544
27629727	522	525	TIC	T047	C0878544
27629727	558	563	adult	T100	C0001675
27629727	564	568	pigs	T015	C0039005
27629727	572	579	females	T032	C0086287
27629727	587	592	males	T032	C0086582
27629727	601	625	Polish Large White breed	T015	C0024660
27629727	629	650	one-chamber pacemaker	T074	C0030163
27629727	683	687	pigs	T015	C0039005
27629727	689	709	Electrocardiographic	T060	C0180580
27629727	711	728	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
27629727	733	761	electrophysiological studies	T060	C0850293
27629727	792	814	pacemaker implantation	T061	C0189842
27629727	836	840	week	T079	C0439230
27629727	841	850	intervals	T079	C1272706
27629727	856	876	electrocardiographic	T060	C0180580
27629727	878	895	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
27629727	900	932	short electrophysiological study	T060	C0850293
27629727	933	945	measurements	T169	C0242485
27629727	953	958	swine	T015	C0039005
27629727	975	993	general anesthesia	T061	C0002915
27629727	995	1003	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27629727	1011	1024	premedication	T061	C0033045
27629727	1030	1039	midazolam	T109,T121	C0026056
27629727	1041	1053	medetomidine	T109,T121	C0125656
27629727	1059	1067	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
27629727	1069	1083	No significant	T033	C3694175
27629727	1084	1091	changes	T169	C0392747
27629727	1099	1107	duration	T079	C0449238
27629727	1111	1122	QT interval	T201	C0429028
27629727	1127	1148	corrected QT interval	T081	C0860814
27629727	1150	1153	QTc	T081	C0860814
27629727	1176	1187	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27629727	1188	1193	weeks	T079	C0439230
27629727	1201	1211	experiment	T062	C0681814
27629727	1217	1225	duration	T079	C0449238
27629727	1233	1245	QTc interval	T081	C0860814
27629727	1249	1255	female	T032	C0086287
27629727	1256	1260	pigs	T015	C0039005
27629727	1315	1320	males	T032	C0086582
27629727	1342	1347	study	T062	C2603343
27629727	1348	1354	period	T079	C1948053
27629727	1380	1384	week	T079	C0439230
27629727	1394	1412	ventricular pacing	T061	C0199648
27629727	1428	1436	increase	T169	C0442805
27629727	1440	1448	duration	T079	C0449238
27629727	1452	1456	VERP	T033	C0428940
27629727	1478	1482	male	T032	C0086582
27629727	1487	1493	female	T032	C0086287
27629727	1494	1498	pigs	T015	C0039005
27629727	1500	1505	Males	T032	C0086582
27629727	1510	1517	females	T032	C0086287
27629727	1559	1563	VERP	T033	C0428940
27629727	1564	1572	duration	T079	C0449238
27629727	1605	1610	study	T062	C2603343
27629727	1611	1617	period	T079	C1948053
27629727	1619	1637	Ventricular pacing	T061	C0199648
27629727	1639	1650	stimulation	T061	C1292856
27629727	1664	1682	premature impulses	T080	C0205556
27629727	1686	1699	progressively	T169	C0205329
27629727	1708	1726	coupling intervals	T079	C1272706
27629727	1742	1748	rhythm	T033	C0871269
27629727	1771	1778	induced	T169	C0205263
27629727	1779	1788	transient	T079	C0205374
27629727	1789	1812	ventricular tachycardia	T047	C0042514
27629727	1820	1826	female	T032	C0086287
27629727	1827	1830	pig	T015	C0039005
27629727	1840	1844	male	T032	C0086582
27629727	1845	1849	pigs	T015	C0039005
27629727	1855	1865	episode of	T079	C0332189
27629727	1866	1875	permanent	T079	C0205355
27629727	1876	1899	ventricular tachycardia	T047	C0042514
27629727	1928	1935	induced	T169	C0205263
27629727	1936	1947	arrhythmias	T047	C0085612
27629727	1948	1957	increased	T081	C0205217
27629727	1980	1988	severity	T080	C0439793
27629727	1992	2005	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27629727	2010	2018	duration	T079	C0449238
27629727	2026	2036	experiment	T062	C0681814
27629727	2069	2078	protocols	T170	C0442711
27629727	2082	2093	stimulation	T061	C1292856
27629727	2120	2126	induce	T169	C0205263
27629727	2127	2137	arrhythmia	T047	C0085612
27629727	2153	2157	pigs	T015	C0039005

27629905|t|Clinical Significance of Commensal Gram-Positive Rods Routinely Isolated from Patient Samples
27629905|a|Commensal bacteria from the skin and mucosal surfaces are routinely isolated from patient samples and considered contaminants. The majority of these isolates are catalase - positive Gram-positive rods from multiple genera routinely classified as diphtheroids. These organisms can be seen upon Gram staining of clinical specimens or can be isolated as the predominant or pure species in culture, raising a priori suspicion of a possible involvement in infection. With the development and adoption of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), suspicious isolates are now routinely identified to the species level. In this study, we performed a retrospective data review (2012 to 2015) and utilized site-specific laboratory criteria and chart reviews to identify species within the diphtheroid classification representative of true infection versus contamination. Our data set included 762 isolates from 13 genera constituting 41 bacterial species. Only 18% represented true infection, and 82% were deemed contaminants. Clinically significant isolates were identified in anaerobic wounds (18%), aerobic wounds (30%), blood (5.5%), urine (22%), cerebrospinal fluid (24%), ophthalmologic cultures (8%), and sterile sites (20%). Organisms deemed clinically significant included multiple Actinomyces species in wounds, Propionibacterium species in joints and cerebrospinal fluid associated with central nervous system hardware, Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii (100%) in breast, and Corynebacterium striatum in multiple sites. Novel findings include clinically significant urinary tract infections by Actinomyces neuii (21%) and Corynebacterium aurimucosum (21%). Taken together, these findings indicate that species - level identification of diphtheroids isolated with a priori suspicion of infection is essential to accurately determine whether an isolate belongs to a species associated with specific types of infection.
27629905	0	21	Clinical Significance	T033	C2826293
27629905	25	34	Commensal	T169	C0231202
27629905	35	53	Gram-Positive Rods	T007	C0085498
27629905	64	72	Isolated	T169	C0205409
27629905	78	85	Patient	T101	C0030705
27629905	86	93	Samples	T077	C2347026
27629905	94	103	Commensal	T169	C0231202
27629905	104	112	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27629905	122	126	skin	T022	C1123023
27629905	131	147	mucosal surfaces	T024	C0026724
27629905	162	170	isolated	T169	C0205409
27629905	176	183	patient	T101	C0030705
27629905	184	191	samples	T077	C2347026
27629905	207	219	contaminants	T001	C0450254
27629905	243	251	isolates	T123	C1764827
27629905	256	264	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
27629905	267	275	positive	T033	C1446409
27629905	276	294	Gram-positive rods	T007	C0085498
27629905	309	315	genera	T185	C1708235
27629905	340	352	diphtheroids	T007	C0302285
27629905	360	369	organisms	T001	C0029235
27629905	387	400	Gram staining	T059	C0200966
27629905	404	422	clinical specimens	T059	C0200344
27629905	433	441	isolated	T169	C0205409
27629905	449	460	predominant	T080	C1542147
27629905	469	476	species	T185	C1705920
27629905	480	487	culture	T059	C0430402
27629905	545	554	infection	T046	C3714514
27629905	593	669	matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry	T059	C0282597
27629905	671	683	MALDI-TOF MS	T059	C0282597
27629905	697	705	isolates	T123	C1764827
27629905	742	749	species	T185	C1705920
27629905	750	755	level	T080	C0441889
27629905	787	812	retrospective data review	T062	C0035363
27629905	841	854	site-specific	T082	C0449604
27629905	855	865	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27629905	866	874	criteria	T078	C0243161
27629905	879	892	chart reviews	T058	C0541653
27629905	905	912	species	T185	C1705920
27629905	924	935	diphtheroid	T007	C0302285
27629905	936	950	classification	T185	C0008902
27629905	969	983	true infection	T046	C3714514
27629905	991	1004	contamination	T078	C2349974
27629905	1010	1018	data set	T170	C0150098
27629905	1032	1040	isolates	T123	C1764827
27629905	1049	1055	genera	T185	C1708235
27629905	1072	1089	bacterial species	T007	C0004611
27629905	1112	1126	true infection	T046	C3714514
27629905	1148	1160	contaminants	T001	C0450254
27629905	1162	1184	Clinically significant	T033	C2826293
27629905	1185	1193	isolates	T123	C1764827
27629905	1213	1229	anaerobic wounds	T059	C1254390
27629905	1237	1251	aerobic wounds	T059	C1254390
27629905	1259	1264	blood	T031	C0178913
27629905	1273	1278	urine	T031	C1610733
27629905	1286	1305	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C1292530
27629905	1313	1327	ophthalmologic	T169	C0205481
27629905	1328	1336	cultures	T059	C0430402
27629905	1347	1354	sterile	T080	C0232920
27629905	1355	1360	sites	T082	C0205145
27629905	1368	1377	Organisms	T001	C0029235
27629905	1385	1407	clinically significant	T033	C2826293
27629905	1426	1445	Actinomyces species	T007	C0001250
27629905	1449	1455	wounds	T037	C0043250
27629905	1457	1482	Propionibacterium species	T007	C1295872
27629905	1486	1492	joints	T030	C0022417
27629905	1497	1516	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
27629905	1533	1564	central nervous system hardware	T022	C3714787
27629905	1566	1596	Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii	T007	C1077201
27629905	1607	1613	breast	T023	C0006141
27629905	1619	1643	Corynebacterium striatum	T007	C0315183
27629905	1647	1655	multiple	T081	C0439064
27629905	1656	1661	sites	T082	C0205145
27629905	1669	1677	findings	T033	C0243095
27629905	1686	1708	clinically significant	T033	C2826293
27629905	1709	1733	urinary tract infections	T047	C0042029
27629905	1737	1754	Actinomyces neuii	T007	C1004280
27629905	1765	1792	Corynebacterium aurimucosum	T007	C1197463
27629905	1822	1830	findings	T033	C0243095
27629905	1845	1852	species	T185	C1705920
27629905	1855	1860	level	T080	C0441889
27629905	1861	1875	identification	T059	C1982072
27629905	1879	1891	diphtheroids	T007	C0302285
27629905	1892	1900	isolated	T169	C0205409
27629905	1928	1937	infection	T046	C3714514
27629905	1986	1993	isolate	T123	C1764827
27629905	2007	2014	species	T185	C1705920
27629905	2031	2045	specific types	T080	C0205369
27629905	2049	2058	infection	T046	C3714514

27630041|t|Timing Diatomaceous Earth -Filled Dustbox Use for Management of Northern Fowl Mites (Acari: Macronyssidae) in Cage -Free Poultry Systems
27630041|a|Northern fowl mite management on conventionally caged birds relies on synthetic pesticide sprays to wet the vent. Cage -free chickens cannot be effectively treated this way, and pesticide use is restricted in organic production. Dustbathing behavior is encouraged in newer production systems for increased hen welfare. Diatomaceous earth (DE) is an approved organic insecticide that can be mixed with sand in dustboxes, suppressing mites but not excluding them, and potentially allowing development of mite immunity. We tested two hypotheses: 1) that DE -filled dustboxes placed before northern fowl mite introduction (prophylactic use) prevents mite populations from reaching economically damaging thresholds, and 2) that bird exposure to low mite numbers allows for protective hen immunity to develop and suppress mites after dustboxes are removed. We also tested if different beak trimming techniques (a commercial practice) affect mite growth. Mites were introduced to birds after dustboxes were made available. Average mite densities in flocks remained below damaging levels while dustboxes were available. Average mite populations rebounded after dustbox removal (even though DE persisted in the environment) regardless of the timing of removal. Mite densities on birds where a traditional hot-blade beak trimming technique was used (trial 1) were high. Mite densities in trial 2, where a newer precision infra-red trimming was used, were lower. The newer infra-red trimming method resulted in nearly intact beaks, which were better for mite control by bird grooming behaviors. The combination of early dustbox use and infra-red beak trimming should allow producers to avoid most mite damage in cage -free flocks.
27630041	7	25	Diatomaceous Earth	T197	C0022683
27630041	34	41	Dustbox	T073	C0179400
27630041	50	60	Management	T057	C1273870
27630041	64	83	Northern Fowl Mites	T204	C0446337
27630041	85	90	Acari	T204	C0000890
27630041	92	105	Macronyssidae	T204	C0521081
27630041	110	114	Cage	T073	C0337189
27630041	121	128	Poultry	T012	C0032850
27630041	129	136	Systems	T169	C0449913
27630041	137	155	Northern fowl mite	T204	C0446337
27630041	156	166	management	T057	C1273870
27630041	185	190	caged	T073	C0337189
27630041	191	196	birds	T012	C0005595
27630041	207	216	synthetic	T080	C2004457
27630041	217	226	pesticide	T131	C0031253
27630041	245	249	vent	T073	C0262910
27630041	251	255	Cage	T073	C0337189
27630041	262	270	chickens	T012	C0008051
27630041	293	300	treated	T169	C1522326
27630041	315	324	pesticide	T131	C0031253
27630041	346	353	organic	T080	C0747055
27630041	354	364	production	T067	C1522240
27630041	366	386	Dustbathing behavior	T053	C0004927
27630041	410	428	production systems	T169	C0449913
27630041	443	446	hen	T012	C0008051
27630041	447	454	welfare	T052	C0003061
27630041	456	474	Diatomaceous earth	T197	C0022683
27630041	476	478	DE	T197	C0022683
27630041	495	502	organic	T080	C0747055
27630041	503	514	insecticide	T131	C0021576
27630041	538	542	sand	T122,T197	C0037098
27630041	546	555	dustboxes	T073	C0179400
27630041	557	568	suppressing	T169	C1260953
27630041	569	574	mites	T204	C0026231
27630041	639	643	mite	T204	C0026231
27630041	644	652	immunity	T039	C0020964
27630041	657	663	tested	T169	C0039593
27630041	668	678	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
27630041	688	690	DE	T197	C0022683
27630041	699	708	dustboxes	T073	C0179400
27630041	723	741	northern fowl mite	T204	C0446337
27630041	742	754	introduction	T169	C0579004
27630041	774	782	prevents	T169	C1292733
27630041	783	787	mite	T204	C0026231
27630041	788	799	populations	T008	C1318101
27630041	836	846	thresholds	T080	C0449864
27630041	860	873	bird exposure	UnknownType	C0238769
27630041	881	885	mite	T204	C0026231
27630041	916	919	hen	T012	C0008051
27630041	920	928	immunity	T039	C0020964
27630041	944	952	suppress	T169	C1260953
27630041	953	958	mites	T204	C0026231
27630041	965	974	dustboxes	T073	C0179400
27630041	996	1002	tested	T169	C0039593
27630041	1016	1020	beak	T023	C0004895
27630041	1021	1040	trimming techniques	T169	C0449851
27630041	1065	1071	affect	T169	C0392760
27630041	1072	1076	mite	T204	C0026231
27630041	1077	1083	growth	T040	C0018270
27630041	1085	1090	Mites	T204	C0026231
27630041	1110	1115	birds	T012	C0005595
27630041	1122	1131	dustboxes	T073	C0179400
27630041	1161	1165	mite	T204	C0026231
27630041	1166	1175	densities	T081	C0178587
27630041	1179	1185	flocks	T096	C1633987
27630041	1223	1232	dustboxes	T073	C0179400
27630041	1257	1261	mite	T204	C0026231
27630041	1262	1273	populations	T008	C1318101
27630041	1274	1283	rebounded	T033	C0549262
27630041	1290	1297	dustbox	T073	C0179400
27630041	1319	1321	DE	T197	C0022683
27630041	1339	1350	environment	T082	C0014406
27630041	1389	1393	Mite	T204	C0026231
27630041	1394	1403	densities	T081	C0178587
27630041	1407	1412	birds	T012	C0005595
27630041	1433	1466	hot-blade beak trimming technique	T169	C0449851
27630041	1477	1484	trial 1	T062	C0681815
27630041	1497	1501	Mite	T204	C0026231
27630041	1502	1511	densities	T081	C0178587
27630041	1515	1522	trial 2	T062	C0681815
27630041	1538	1547	precision	T080	C1706245
27630041	1548	1566	infra-red trimming	T169	C0449851
27630041	1599	1624	infra-red trimming method	T169	C0449851
27630041	1644	1650	intact	T080	C0205266
27630041	1651	1656	beaks	T023	C0004895
27630041	1680	1684	mite	T204	C0026231
27630041	1696	1700	bird	T012	C0005595
27630041	1701	1719	grooming behaviors	T055	C1154333
27630041	1746	1753	dustbox	T073	C0179400
27630041	1762	1785	infra-red beak trimming	T169	C0449851
27630041	1823	1827	mite	T204	C0026231
27630041	1828	1834	damage	T169	C1883709
27630041	1838	1842	cage	T073	C0337189
27630041	1849	1855	flocks	T096	C1633987

27631472|t|Socio-Economic Status and Reproduction among Adults Born with an Oral Cleft: A Population -Based Cohort Study in Norway
27631472|a|It has been reported that people born with orofacial clefts do worse in life than their peers regarding a range of social markers, such as academic achievement and reproduction. We have compared otherwise healthy individuals with and without clefts, to investigate if these differences are due to the cleft or other background factors. In a retrospective national cohort study, based on compulsory registers with data collected prospectively, we included everybody born in Norway between 1967 and 1992 (1490279 individuals, 2584 with clefts). This cohort was followed until the year 2010, when the youngest individuals were 18 years old. In order to ensure that the individuals were not affected by unknown syndromes or diseases, we excluded all individuals with any chronic medical condition, or who had other birth defects than clefts, hydroceles and dislocated hips. Individuals with oral clefts who were included in the study are said to have isolated clefts. Isolated cleft patients are similar to the general population regarding education, income and social class. Isolated cleft patients have lower fertility than the background population, but considering only married couples this difference in fertility disappeared. An oral cleft did not appear to affect future socioeconomic status or chances of becoming a parent for children born in Norway. An exception was males with cleft lip and palate, but differences were small.
27631472	0	21	Socio-Economic Status	T080	C0086996
27631472	26	38	Reproduction	T040	C0035150
27631472	45	51	Adults	T100	C0001675
27631472	52	56	Born	T040	C0005615
27631472	65	75	Oral Cleft	T019	C4021813
27631472	79	89	Population	T098	C1257890
27631472	97	109	Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27631472	113	119	Norway	T083	C0028423
27631472	146	152	people	T098	C0027361
27631472	153	157	born	T040	C0005615
27631472	163	179	orofacial clefts	T019	C3266076
27631472	183	188	worse	T033	C1457868
27631472	208	213	peers	T098	C0679739
27631472	226	231	range	T081	C1514721
27631472	235	249	social markers	T080	C0205556
27631472	259	279	academic achievement	T055	C0700132
27631472	284	296	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27631472	306	314	compared	T052	C1707455
27631472	325	332	healthy	T080	C3898900
27631472	333	344	individuals	T098	C0027361
27631472	354	368	without clefts	T033	C4011985
27631472	373	384	investigate	T169	C1292732
27631472	394	405	differences	T080	C1705242
27631472	421	426	cleft	T019	C4021813
27631472	436	446	background	T077	C1706907
27631472	461	496	retrospective national cohort study	T062	C2985505
27631472	507	527	compulsory registers	T081,T170	C0032681
27631472	533	537	data	T078	C1511726
27631472	538	547	collected	T169	C1516698
27631472	585	589	born	T040	C0005615
27631472	593	599	Norway	T083	C0028423
27631472	631	642	individuals	T098	C0027361
27631472	654	660	clefts	T019	C4021813
27631472	668	674	cohort	T098	C0599755
27631472	679	687	followed	T079	C0332283
27631472	718	726	youngest	T100	C0027362
27631472	727	738	individuals	T098	C0027361
27631472	786	797	individuals	T098	C0027361
27631472	807	815	affected	T169	C0392760
27631472	819	826	unknown	T080	C0439673
27631472	827	836	syndromes	T047	C0039082
27631472	840	848	diseases	T047	C0012634
27631472	866	877	individuals	T098	C0027361
27631472	887	894	chronic	T079	C0205191
27631472	895	902	medical	T169	C0205476
27631472	903	912	condition	T080	C0348080
27631472	931	944	birth defects	T019	C0000768
27631472	950	956	clefts	T019	C4021813
27631472	958	968	hydroceles	T019	C1720771
27631472	973	988	dislocated hips	T037	C0019554
27631472	990	1001	Individuals	T098	C0027361
27631472	1007	1018	oral clefts	T019	C4021813
27631472	1067	1082	isolated clefts	T019	C4021813
27631472	1084	1098	Isolated cleft	T019	C4021813
27631472	1099	1107	patients	T101	C0030705
27631472	1127	1145	general population	T098	C0683971
27631472	1156	1165	education	T065	C0013621
27631472	1167	1173	income	T081	C0021162
27631472	1178	1190	social class	T080	C0037402
27631472	1192	1206	Isolated cleft	T019	C4021813
27631472	1207	1215	patients	T101	C0030705
27631472	1221	1226	lower	T052	C2003888
27631472	1227	1236	fertility	T040	C0015895
27631472	1246	1256	background	T077	C1706907
27631472	1257	1267	population	T098	C1257890
27631472	1290	1305	married couples	T099	C0870848
27631472	1325	1334	fertility	T040	C0015895
27631472	1351	1361	oral cleft	T019	C4021813
27631472	1387	1393	future	T079	C0016884
27631472	1394	1414	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
27631472	1429	1446	becoming a parent	T054	C0814598
27631472	1451	1459	children	T100	C0008059
27631472	1460	1464	born	T040	C0005615
27631472	1468	1474	Norway	T083	C0028423
27631472	1493	1498	males	T098	C0025266
27631472	1504	1513	cleft lip	T019	C0008924
27631472	1518	1524	palate	T019	C0008925
27631472	1530	1541	differences	T080	C1705242

27631520|t|Novel High-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: A Morphologic Mimicker of Myxoid Leiomyosarcoma
27631520|a|Endometrial stromal sarcomas (ESS) are often underpinned by recurrent chromosomal translocations resulting in the fusion of genes involved in epigenetic regulation. To date, only YWHAE-NUTM2 rearrangements are associated with distinctive high-grade morphology and aggressive clinical behavior. We identified 3 ESS morphologically mimicking myxoid leiomyosarcoma of the uterus and sought to describe their unique histopathologic features and identify genetic alterations using next-generation sequencing. All cases displayed predominantly spindled cells associated with abundant myxoid stroma and brisk mitotic activity. Tumors involved the endometrium and demonstrated tongue-like myometrial infiltration. All 3 were associated with an aggressive clinical course, including multisite bony metastases in 1 patient, progressive peritoneal disease after chemotherapy in another, and metastases to the lung and skin in the last patient. All 3 ESS were found to harbor ZC3H7B - BCOR gene fusions by targeted sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization. On the basis of the review of these cases, we find that ESS with ZC3H7B - BCOR fusion constitutes a novel type of high-grade ESS and shares significant morphologic overlap with myxoid leiomyosarcoma.
27631520	6	44	High-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma	T191	C2239246
27631520	48	68	Morphologic Mimicker	T033	C0243095
27631520	72	93	Myxoid Leiomyosarcoma	T191	C0205816
27631520	94	122	Endometrial stromal sarcomas	T191	C0206630
27631520	124	127	ESS	T191	C0206630
27631520	164	190	chromosomal translocations	T049	C0040715
27631520	208	223	fusion of genes	T063	C0178648
27631520	236	257	epigenetic regulation	T043	C0007613
27631520	273	284	YWHAE-NUTM2	T028	C4287955
27631520	285	299	rearrangements	T045	C0017287
27631520	343	353	morphology	T080	C0332437
27631520	358	386	aggressive clinical behavior	T033	C0243095
27631520	404	407	ESS	T191	C0206630
27631520	408	433	morphologically mimicking	T033	C0243095
27631520	434	455	myxoid leiomyosarcoma	T191	C0205816
27631520	463	469	uterus	T023	C0042149
27631520	506	530	histopathologic features	T169	C0243140
27631520	544	563	genetic alterations	T045	C0026882
27631520	570	596	next-generation sequencing	T063	C2936625
27631520	632	646	spindled cells	T025	C0007634
27631520	672	678	myxoid	T080	C0205295
27631520	679	685	stroma	T023	C0927195
27631520	696	712	mitotic activity	T033	C1334779
27631520	714	720	Tumors	T191	C0027651
27631520	734	745	endometrium	T023	C0014180
27631520	775	785	myometrial	T029	C0521387
27631520	775	798	myometrial infiltration	T046	C0332448
27631520	830	856	aggressive clinical course	T033	C1332223
27631520	868	877	multisite	T082	C1254362
27631520	878	893	bony metastases	T191	C0027627
27631520	899	906	patient	T101	C0030705
27631520	908	919	progressive	T169	C0205329
27631520	920	938	peritoneal disease	T047	C0031142
27631520	945	957	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27631520	974	984	metastases	T191	C0027627
27631520	992	996	lung	T023	C0024109
27631520	1001	1005	skin	T022	C1123023
27631520	1018	1025	patient	T101	C0030705
27631520	1033	1036	ESS	T191	C0206630
27631520	1058	1064	ZC3H7B	T028	C1823919
27631520	1067	1071	BCOR	T028	C1427193
27631520	1072	1084	gene fusions	T063	C0178648
27631520	1088	1107	targeted sequencing	T059	C1294197
27631520	1112	1146	fluorescence in situ hybridization	T063	C0162789
27631520	1184	1189	cases	T169	C0868928
27631520	1204	1207	ESS	T191	C0206630
27631520	1213	1219	ZC3H7B	T028	C1823919
27631520	1222	1226	BCOR	T028	C1427193
27631520	1227	1233	fusion	T063	C0178648
27631520	1262	1276	high-grade ESS	T191	C2239246
27631520	1300	1319	morphologic overlap	T033	C1513488
27631520	1325	1346	myxoid leiomyosarcoma	T191	C0205816

27631550|t|Neuroprotective Role of MicroRNA-22 in a 6-Hydroxydopamine - Induced Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease via Regulation of Its Target Gene TRPM7
27631550|a|Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with only symptomatic treatment available, is characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Ample evidence indicated that microRNAs (miRs) could regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and neuronal disease. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects and mechanism of miR-22 in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to mimic PD. RT-PCR results showed that the expression of miR-22 is downregulated in 6-OHDA - treated PC12 cells, and the overexpression of miR-22 significantly promoted the survival and proliferation of 6-OHDA - induced PC12 cells, whereas miR-22 inhibitor reversed these effects. In addition, PC12 cells were treated with miR-22 mimics or inhibitor following 6-OHDA administration, which medicated ROS production and upregulation or downregulation of caspase-3 activity, respectively. A luciferase reporter assay revealed that transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a direct target gene of miR-22, and miR-22 overexpression markedly downregulated the level of TRPM7. Strikingly, further analysis showed that miR-22 mediated 6-OHDA - induced PC12 cell survival and proliferation by targeting TRPM7. Taken together, the present study showed that miR-22 overexpression exhibited neuroprotective and reversal effects on the 6-OHDA - induced PC12 cell growth and apoptosis by targeting TRPM7.
27631550	0	20	Neuroprotective Role	T169	C0815279
27631550	24	35	MicroRNA-22	T028	C1537720
27631550	41	58	6-Hydroxydopamine	T109,T121	C0085196
27631550	61	68	Induced	T169	C0205263
27631550	69	73	Cell	T025	C0007634
27631550	74	79	Model	T050	C0684309
27631550	83	102	Parkinson's Disease	T047	C0030567
27631550	107	117	Regulation	T045	C0017263
27631550	125	131	Target	T169	C1521840
27631550	132	136	Gene	T028	C0017337
27631550	137	142	TRPM7	T028	C1425224
27631550	143	162	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27631550	164	166	PD	T047	C0030567
27631550	185	194	prevalent	T082	C0205391
27631550	195	221	neurodegenerative disorder	T047	C0524851
27631550	232	243	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27631550	244	253	treatment	T061	C0087111
27631550	254	263	available	T169	C0470187
27631550	268	281	characterized	T052	C1880022
27631550	287	298	progressive	T169	C0205329
27631550	299	303	loss	T081	C1517945
27631550	307	327	dopaminergic neurons	T025	C1512035
27631550	335	343	midbrain	T023	C0025462
27631550	375	384	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27631550	386	390	miRs	T114,T123	C1101610
27631550	398	427	regulate post-transcriptional	T045	C1514248
27631550	428	443	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27631550	448	464	neuronal disease	T047	C0027765
27631550	481	486	study	T062	C2603343
27631550	510	517	effects	T080	C1280500
27631550	522	531	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27631550	535	541	miR-22	T028	C1537720
27631550	545	572	PC12 pheochromocytoma cells	T025	C0085262
27631550	573	580	treated	T169	C1522326
27631550	586	603	6-hydroxydopamine	T109,T121	C0085196
27631550	605	611	6-OHDA	T109,T121	C0085196
27631550	622	624	PD	T047	C0030567
27631550	626	632	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27631550	633	640	results	T169	C1274040
27631550	657	667	expression	T045	C0017262
27631550	671	677	miR-22	T028	C1537720
27631550	681	694	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27631550	698	704	6-OHDA	T109,T121	C0085196
27631550	707	714	treated	T169	C1522326
27631550	715	725	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
27631550	735	749	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27631550	753	759	miR-22	T028	C1537720
27631550	774	782	promoted	T052	C0033414
27631550	787	795	survival	T043	C0007620
27631550	800	813	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27631550	817	823	6-OHDA	T109,T121	C0085196
27631550	826	833	induced	T169	C0205263
27631550	834	844	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
27631550	854	860	miR-22	T028	C1537720
27631550	861	870	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27631550	871	879	reversed	T169	C1555029
27631550	886	893	effects	T080	C1280500
27631550	908	918	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
27631550	924	931	treated	T169	C1522326
27631550	937	950	miR-22 mimics	T028	C1537720
27631550	954	963	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27631550	964	973	following	T079	C0332282
27631550	974	980	6-OHDA	T109,T121	C0085196
27631550	981	995	administration	T061	C1533734
27631550	1013	1016	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27631550	1017	1027	production	T044	C1148560
27631550	1032	1044	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27631550	1048	1062	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27631550	1066	1084	caspase-3 activity	T044	C1150132
27631550	1102	1112	luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C0024075
27631550	1122	1127	assay	T059	C2717977
27631550	1128	1136	revealed	T080	C0443289
27631550	1142	1183	transient receptor potential melastatin 7	T028	C1425224
27631550	1185	1190	TRPM7	T028	C1425224
27631550	1197	1203	direct	T080	C1947931
27631550	1204	1210	target	T169	C1521840
27631550	1211	1215	gene	T028	C0017337
27631550	1219	1225	miR-22	T028	C1537720
27631550	1231	1237	miR-22	T028	C1537720
27631550	1238	1252	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27631550	1262	1275	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27631550	1280	1285	level	T080	C0441889
27631550	1289	1294	TRPM7	T028	C1425224
27631550	1316	1324	analysis	T062	C0936012
27631550	1337	1343	miR-22	T028	C1537720
27631550	1353	1359	6-OHDA	T109,T121	C0085196
27631550	1362	1369	induced	T169	C0205263
27631550	1370	1374	PC12	T025	C0085262
27631550	1375	1388	cell survival	T043	C0007620
27631550	1393	1406	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27631550	1410	1419	targeting	T169	C1521840
27631550	1420	1425	TRPM7	T028	C1425224
27631550	1455	1460	study	T062	C2603343
27631550	1473	1479	miR-22	T028	C1537720
27631550	1480	1494	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27631550	1505	1520	neuroprotective	T169	C0815279
27631550	1525	1533	reversal	T169	C1555029
27631550	1534	1541	effects	T080	C1280500
27631550	1549	1555	6-OHDA	T109,T121	C0085196
27631550	1558	1565	induced	T169	C0205263
27631550	1566	1570	PC12	T025	C0085262
27631550	1571	1582	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27631550	1587	1596	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27631550	1600	1609	targeting	T169	C1521840
27631550	1610	1615	TRPM7	T028	C1425224

27631624|t|A Rational Engineering Strategy for Designing Protein A-Binding Camelid Single-Domain Antibodies
27631624|a|Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) and streptococcal protein G (SpG) affinity chromatography are the gold standards for purifying monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in therapeutic applications. However, camelid VHH single-domain Abs (sdAbs or VHHs) are not bound by SpG and only sporadically bound by SpA. Currently, VHHs require affinity tag-based purification, which limits their therapeutic potential and adds considerable complexity and cost to their production. Here we describe a simple and rapid mutagenesis -based approach designed to confer SpA binding upon a priori non-SpA-binding VHHs. We show that SpA binding of VHHs is determined primarily by the same set of residues as in human mAbs, albeit with an unexpected degree of tolerance to substitutions at certain core and non-core positions and some limited dependence on at least one residue outside the SpA interface, and that SpA binding could be successfully introduced into five VHHs against three different targets with no adverse effects on expression yield or antigen binding. Next-generation sequencing of llama, alpaca and dromedary VHH repertoires suggested that species differences in SpA binding may result from frequency variation in specific deleterious polymorphisms, especially Ile57. Thus, the SpA binding phenotype of camelid VHHs can be easily modulated to take advantage of tag-less purification techniques, although the frequency with which this is required may depend on the source species.
27631624	11	31	Engineering Strategy	T062	C0035171
27631624	36	45	Designing	T052	C1707689
27631624	46	63	Protein A-Binding	T044	C0033618
27631624	64	71	Camelid	T015	C0325202
27631624	72	96	Single-Domain Antibodies	T116,T129	C3494231
27631624	97	121	Staphylococcal protein A	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
27631624	123	126	SpA	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
27631624	132	155	streptococcal protein G	T116,T129	C0075289
27631624	157	160	SpG	T116,T129	C0075289
27631624	162	185	affinity chromatography	T059	C0008551
27631624	213	222	purifying	T169	C1998793
27631624	223	244	monoclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0003250
27631624	246	250	mAbs	T116,T129	C0003250
27631624	255	279	therapeutic applications	T061	C0278296
27631624	290	297	camelid	T015	C0325202
27631624	298	319	VHH single-domain Abs	T116,T129	C3494234
27631624	321	326	sdAbs	T116,T129	C3494231
27631624	330	334	VHHs	T116,T129	C3494234
27631624	353	356	SpG	T116,T129	C0075289
27631624	366	378	sporadically	T033	C3843639
27631624	388	391	SpA	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
27631624	404	408	VHHs	T116,T129	C3494234
27631624	426	448	tag-based purification	T059	C0597301
27631624	469	480	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27631624	481	490	potential	T080	C3245505
27631624	513	523	complexity	T058	C1292781
27631624	528	532	cost	T081	C0010186
27631624	542	552	production	T057	C0033268
27631624	590	601	mutagenesis	T059	C3146302
27631624	637	640	SpA	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
27631624	641	648	binding	T044	C0033618
27631624	663	683	non-SpA-binding VHHs	T116,T129	C3494234
27631624	698	701	SpA	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
27631624	702	709	binding	T044	C0033618
27631624	713	717	VHHs	T116,T129	C3494234
27631624	761	769	residues	T077	C1709915
27631624	776	781	human	T016	C0086418
27631624	782	786	mAbs	T116,T129	C0003250
27631624	824	833	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27631624	837	850	substitutions	T045	C0525038
27631624	934	941	residue	T077	C1709915
27631624	954	957	SpA	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
27631624	978	981	SpA	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
27631624	982	989	binding	T044	C0033618
27631624	1033	1037	VHHs	T116,T129	C3494234
27631624	1075	1093	no adverse effects	T033	C1513916
27631624	1097	1107	expression	T045	C1171362
27631624	1117	1132	antigen binding	T044	C1148575
27631624	1134	1160	Next-generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
27631624	1164	1169	llama	T015	C0023919
27631624	1171	1177	alpaca	T015	C0002186
27631624	1182	1191	dromedary	T015	C0013127
27631624	1192	1207	VHH repertoires	T129	C1516006
27631624	1223	1242	species differences	T038	C0178849
27631624	1246	1249	SpA	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
27631624	1250	1257	binding	T044	C0033618
27631624	1318	1331	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
27631624	1361	1364	SpA	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
27631624	1365	1372	binding	T044	C0033618
27631624	1373	1382	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27631624	1386	1393	camelid	T015	C0325202
27631624	1394	1398	VHHs	T116,T129	C3494234
27631624	1413	1422	modulated	T082	C0443264
27631624	1444	1465	tag-less purification	T059	C0597301
27631624	1466	1476	techniques	T169	C0449851
27631624	1491	1500	frequency	T079	C0439603
27631624	1547	1561	source species	T033	C0449424

27631656|t|Functional Result After Cochlear Implantation in Children and Adults With Single-sided Deafness
27631656|a|Patients with single-sided deafness (SSD) suffer from reduced binaural hearing (i.e., sound localization and speech in noise discrimination). Cochlear implantation has recently been introduced for patients with SSD, as an alternative to hearing devices that employ contralateral routing of the signal. Application to children has also been started. We retrospectively analyze a case series of 4 children and 17 adults with SSD, treated with cochlear implantation. The outcome of adult patients was compared with a control group of 27 patients with bilateral profound hearing loss using a cochlear implant. During 12 months, the mean speech recognition score increased from 30 to 41% for monosyllabic words in adults, and from 58 to 89% for multisyllabic numbers. The cochlear implant (CI) improved hearing in noise in all SSD patients, as was demonstrated by a significant improvement of the speech reception threshold in different speech and noise configurations. Sound localization -correlated angle detection error improved with CI use at every time point. The maximum word recognition score for monosyllabic words in quiet correlated with the logarithm of the duration of deafness; improvement of the speech reception threshold and RMS angle detection error by the CI did not. All SSD patients benefitted from the CI in different hearing situations. Patients with SSD for a long period can improve after cochlear implantation.
27631656	0	17	Functional Result	T169	C1274040
27631656	24	45	Cochlear Implantation	T061	C0302559
27631656	49	57	Children	T100	C0008059
27631656	62	68	Adults	T100	C0001675
27631656	74	95	Single-sided Deafness	T047	C0521785
27631656	96	104	Patients	T101	C0030705
27631656	110	131	single-sided deafness	T047	C0521785
27631656	133	136	SSD	T047	C0521785
27631656	150	157	reduced	T080	C0392756
27631656	158	174	binaural hearing	T042	C0596169
27631656	182	200	sound localization	T041	C0037710
27631656	205	211	speech	T040	C0037817
27631656	215	235	noise discrimination	T041	C0234747
27631656	238	259	Cochlear implantation	T061	C0302559
27631656	293	301	patients	T101	C0030705
27631656	307	310	SSD	T047	C0521785
27631656	318	329	alternative	T077	C1523987
27631656	333	348	hearing devices	T074	C0018768
27631656	361	374	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27631656	390	396	signal	T067	C1710082
27631656	398	409	Application	T058	C0185125
27631656	413	421	children	T100	C0008059
27631656	448	463	retrospectively	T062	C0035363
27631656	491	499	children	T100	C0008059
27631656	507	513	adults	T100	C0001675
27631656	519	522	SSD	T047	C0521785
27631656	524	536	treated with	T061	C0332293
27631656	537	558	cochlear implantation	T061	C0302559
27631656	564	571	outcome	T169	C1274040
27631656	575	580	adult	T100	C0001675
27631656	581	589	patients	T101	C0030705
27631656	610	623	control group	T096	C0009932
27631656	630	638	patients	T101	C0030705
27631656	644	675	bilateral profound hearing loss	T047	C0018775
27631656	684	700	cochlear implant	T074	C0009199
27631656	724	728	mean	T033	C3533236
27631656	729	747	speech recognition	T041	C0597498
27631656	748	753	score	T081	C0449820
27631656	783	795	monosyllabic	T170	C0282574
27631656	783	801	monosyllabic words	T170	C0042926
27631656	805	811	adults	T100	C0001675
27631656	836	849	multisyllabic	T170	C0282574
27631656	863	879	cochlear implant	T074	C0009199
27631656	881	883	CI	T074	C0009199
27631656	885	901	improved hearing	T033	C0429200
27631656	905	910	noise	T067	C0028263
27631656	918	921	SSD	T047	C0521785
27631656	922	930	patients	T101	C0030705
27631656	969	980	improvement	T077	C2986411
27631656	988	1014	speech reception threshold	T201	C0234742
27631656	1061	1079	Sound localization	T041	C0037710
27631656	1092	1113	angle detection error	T170	C0282574
27631656	1114	1122	improved	T077	C2986411
27631656	1128	1130	CI	T074	C0009199
27631656	1168	1184	word recognition	T041	C0871615
27631656	1185	1190	score	T081	C0449820
27631656	1195	1207	monosyllabic	T170	C0282574
27631656	1195	1213	monosyllabic words	T170	C0042926
27631656	1243	1252	logarithm	T081	C2986775
27631656	1260	1280	duration of deafness	T079	C0449238
27631656	1272	1280	deafness	T033	C0011053
27631656	1282	1293	improvement	T077	C2986411
27631656	1301	1327	speech reception threshold	T201	C0234742
27631656	1332	1357	RMS angle detection error	T170	C0282574
27631656	1365	1367	CI	T074	C0009199
27631656	1381	1384	SSD	T047	C0521785
27631656	1385	1393	patients	T101	C0030705
27631656	1414	1416	CI	T074	C0009199
27631656	1430	1437	hearing	T039	C0018767
27631656	1438	1448	situations	T080	C0348080
27631656	1450	1458	Patients	T101	C0030705
27631656	1464	1467	SSD	T047	C0521785
27631656	1490	1497	improve	T080	C1272747
27631656	1504	1525	cochlear implantation	T061	C0302559

27632714|t|CHOROIDAL VASCULARITY INDEX: A Novel Optical Coherence Tomography Based Parameter in Patients With Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration
27632714|a|To evaluate choroidal structural changes in exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using choroidal vascularity index computed from image binarization on spectral domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging. This prospective case series included 42 consecutive patients with unilateral exudative AMD. Choroidal images were segmented into luminal area and stromal area. Choroidal vascularity index was defined as the ratio of luminal area to total choroid area. Mean choroidal vascularity index and mean choroidal thickness between study and fellow eyes of the same patient with dry AMD were compared using Student's t-test. There was a significantly lower choroidal vascularity index in eyes with exudative AMD (60.14 ± 4.55 vs. 62.75 ± 4.82, P < 0.01). Luminal area (P < 0.01) was decreased in eyes with exudative AMD but there was no significant difference in total choroid area (P = 0.05) and choroidal thickness (P = 0.93) between study and fellow eyes. Eyes with exudative AMD demonstrated reduced choroidal vascularity index but insignificant differences in choroidal thickness compared with their fellow eyes. Choroidal vascularity index may be a potential noninvasive tool for studying structural changes in choroid and monitoring choroidal disease in exudative AMD.
27632714	0	27	CHOROIDAL VASCULARITY INDEX	T081	C0392762
27632714	37	65	Optical Coherence Tomography	T060	C0920367
27632714	72	81	Parameter	T077	C0549193
27632714	85	93	Patients	T101	C0030705
27632714	99	141	Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration	T047	C0271084
27632714	154	163	choroidal	T023	C0008520
27632714	164	174	structural	T082	C0678594
27632714	186	228	exudative age-related macular degeneration	T047	C0271084
27632714	230	233	AMD	T047	C0242383
27632714	241	268	choroidal vascularity index	T081	C0392762
27632714	269	277	computed	T052	C1880157
27632714	305	349	spectral domain optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
27632714	364	377	depth imaging	T060	C0011923
27632714	396	407	case series	T062	C0150093
27632714	420	431	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27632714	432	440	patients	T101	C0030705
27632714	446	456	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27632714	457	470	exudative AMD	T047	C0271084
27632714	472	481	Choroidal	T023	C0008520
27632714	482	488	images	T060	C0011923
27632714	509	516	luminal	T082	C0524462
27632714	517	521	area	T082	C0205146
27632714	540	567	Choroidal vascularity index	T081	C0392762
27632714	587	592	ratio	T081	C0456603
27632714	596	603	luminal	T082	C0524462
27632714	604	608	area	T082	C0205146
27632714	626	630	area	T082	C0205146
27632714	632	636	Mean	T081	C0444504
27632714	637	664	choroidal vascularity index	T081	C0392762
27632714	669	673	mean	T081	C0444504
27632714	674	693	choroidal thickness	T081	C0392762
27632714	702	707	study	T062	C2603343
27632714	719	723	eyes	T023	C0015392
27632714	736	743	patient	T101	C0030705
27632714	753	756	AMD	T047	C0242383
27632714	777	793	Student's t-test	T081,T170	C0871453
27632714	807	826	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27632714	827	854	choroidal vascularity index	T081	C0392762
27632714	858	862	eyes	T023	C0015392
27632714	868	881	exudative AMD	T047	C0271084
27632714	925	937	Luminal area	T082	C0524462
27632714	953	962	decreased	T081	C0205216
27632714	966	970	eyes	T023	C0015392
27632714	976	989	exudative AMD	T047	C0271084
27632714	1004	1029	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
27632714	1047	1051	area	T082	C0205146
27632714	1106	1111	study	T062	C2603343
27632714	1123	1127	eyes	T023	C0015392
27632714	1129	1133	Eyes	T023	C0015392
27632714	1139	1152	exudative AMD	T047	C0271084
27632714	1166	1173	reduced	T080	C0392756
27632714	1174	1201	choroidal vascularity index	T081	C0392762
27632714	1220	1231	differences	T080	C1705242
27632714	1282	1286	eyes	T023	C0015392
27632714	1288	1315	Choroidal vascularity index	T081	C0392762
27632714	1325	1334	potential	T080	C3245505
27632714	1335	1351	noninvasive tool	T033	C0243095
27632714	1356	1364	studying	T062	C2603343
27632714	1365	1375	structural	T082	C0678594
27632714	1387	1394	choroid	T023	C0008520
27632714	1410	1427	choroidal disease	T047	C0008521
27632714	1431	1444	exudative AMD	T047	C0271084

27632796|t|Clinical characteristics and viral load of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in children hospitaled for acute lower respiratory tract infection
27632796|a|Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are two common viral pathogens in acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI). However, the association of viral load with clinical characteristics is not well-defined in ALRTI. To explore the correlation between viral load and clinical characteristics of RSV and HMPV in children hospitalized for ALRTI in Lanzhou, China. Three hundred and eighty-seven children hospitalized for ALRTI were enrolled. Nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were sampled from each children. Real-time PCR was used to screen RSV, HMPV, and twelve additional respiratory viruses. Bronchiolitis was the leading diagnoses both in RSV and HMPV positive patients. A significantly greater frequency of wheezing (52% vs. 33.52%, P = 0.000) was noted in RSV positive and negative patients. The RSV viral load was significant higher in children aged <1 year (P = 0.003), children without fever and wheezing (P = 0.015 and P = 0.000), days of illness <14 days (P = 0.002), children with bronchiolitis (P = 0.012) and children with RSV single infections (P = 0.000). No difference was found in the clinical features of HMPV positive and negative patients. The HMPV viral load had no correlation with any clinical characteristics. The incidences of severe disease were similar between single infection and coinfection for the two viruses (RSV, P = 0.221; HMPV, P = 0.764) and there has no statistical significance between severity and viral load (P = 0.166 and P = 0.721). Bronchiolitis is the most common disease caused by RSV and HMPV. High viral load or co-infection may be associated with some symptoms but neither has a significant impact on disease severity for the two viruses. J. Med. Virol. 89:589-597, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27632796	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27632796	9	24	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27632796	29	39	viral load	T059	C1261478
27632796	43	70	respiratory syncytial virus	T005	C0035236
27632796	75	96	human metapneumovirus	T005	C1258014
27632796	100	119	children hospitaled	T101	C0008098
27632796	124	163	acute lower respiratory tract infection	T047	C0238990
27632796	164	191	Respiratory syncytial virus	T005	C0035236
27632796	193	196	RSV	T005	C0035236
27632796	202	223	human metapneumovirus	T005	C1258014
27632796	225	229	HMPV	T005	C1258014
27632796	246	251	viral	T005	C0042776
27632796	252	261	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27632796	265	305	acute lower respiratory tract infections	T047	C0238990
27632796	307	312	ALRTI	T047	C0238990
27632796	328	339	association	T080	C0439849
27632796	343	353	viral load	T059	C1261478
27632796	359	367	clinical	T080	C0205210
27632796	368	383	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27632796	407	412	ALRTI	T047	C0238990
27632796	429	440	correlation	T080	C1707520
27632796	449	459	viral load	T059	C1261478
27632796	464	472	clinical	T080	C0205210
27632796	473	488	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27632796	492	495	RSV	T005	C0035236
27632796	500	504	HMPV	T005	C1258014
27632796	508	529	children hospitalized	T101	C0008098
27632796	534	539	ALRTI	T047	C0238990
27632796	543	550	Lanzhou	UnknownType	C0681784
27632796	552	557	China	T083	C0008115
27632796	590	611	children hospitalized	T101	C0008098
27632796	616	621	ALRTI	T047	C0238990
27632796	637	661	Nasopharyngeal aspirates	T031	C0444067
27632796	663	667	NPAs	T031	C0444067
27632796	674	681	sampled	T078	C0870078
27632796	692	700	children	T100	C0008059
27632796	702	715	Real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27632796	728	734	screen	T061	C0419997
27632796	735	738	RSV	T005	C0035236
27632796	740	744	HMPV	T005	C1258014
27632796	768	787	respiratory viruses	T005	C0597404
27632796	789	802	Bronchiolitis	T047	C0006271
27632796	811	828	leading diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27632796	837	840	RSV	T005	C0035236
27632796	845	849	HMPV	T005	C1258014
27632796	850	858	positive	T033	C1514241
27632796	859	867	patients	T101	C0030705
27632796	885	892	greater	T081	C1704243
27632796	893	902	frequency	T079	C0439603
27632796	906	914	wheezing	T184	C0043144
27632796	956	959	RSV	T005	C0035236
27632796	960	968	positive	T033	C1514241
27632796	973	981	negative	T033	C1513916
27632796	982	990	patients	T101	C0030705
27632796	996	999	RSV	T005	C0035236
27632796	1000	1010	viral load	T059	C1261478
27632796	1027	1033	higher	T080	C0205250
27632796	1037	1045	children	T100	C0008059
27632796	1054	1058	year	T079	C0439234
27632796	1072	1080	children	T100	C0008059
27632796	1081	1088	without	T080	C0332288
27632796	1089	1094	fever	T184	C0015967
27632796	1099	1107	wheezing	T184	C0043144
27632796	1135	1139	days	T079	C0439228
27632796	1143	1150	illness	T184	C0221423
27632796	1155	1159	days	T079	C0439228
27632796	1173	1181	children	T100	C0008059
27632796	1187	1200	bronchiolitis	T047	C0006271
27632796	1217	1225	children	T100	C0008059
27632796	1231	1252	RSV single infections	T047	C0035235
27632796	1266	1279	No difference	T033	C3842396
27632796	1297	1305	clinical	T080	C0205210
27632796	1306	1314	features	T080	C2348519
27632796	1318	1322	HMPV	T005	C1258014
27632796	1323	1331	positive	T033	C1514241
27632796	1336	1344	negative	T033	C1513916
27632796	1345	1353	patients	T101	C0030705
27632796	1359	1363	HMPV	T005	C1258014
27632796	1364	1374	viral load	T059	C1261478
27632796	1382	1393	correlation	T080	C1707520
27632796	1403	1411	clinical	T080	C0205210
27632796	1412	1427	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27632796	1433	1443	incidences	T081	C0021149
27632796	1447	1461	severe disease	T047	C0012634
27632796	1467	1474	similar	T080	C2348205
27632796	1483	1499	single infection	T046	C3714514
27632796	1504	1515	coinfection	T047	C0275524
27632796	1528	1535	viruses	T005	C0042776
27632796	1537	1540	RSV	T005	C0035236
27632796	1553	1557	HMPV	T005	C1258014
27632796	1587	1611	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
27632796	1620	1628	severity	T080	C0439793
27632796	1633	1643	viral load	T059	C1261478
27632796	1671	1684	Bronchiolitis	T047	C0006271
27632796	1697	1703	common	T081	C0205214
27632796	1704	1711	disease	T047	C0012634
27632796	1722	1725	RSV	T005	C0035236
27632796	1730	1734	HMPV	T005	C1258014
27632796	1736	1740	High	T080	C0205250
27632796	1741	1751	viral load	T059	C1261478
27632796	1755	1767	co-infection	T047	C0275524
27632796	1775	1790	associated with	T080	C0332281
27632796	1796	1804	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27632796	1823	1834	significant	T078	C0750502
27632796	1835	1841	impact	T080	C4049986
27632796	1845	1861	disease severity	T080	C0521117
27632796	1874	1881	viruses	T005	C0042776

27632842|t|Rehabilitation After Hamstring-Strain Injury Emphasizing Eccentric Strengthening at Long Muscle Lengths: Results of Long-Term Follow-Up
27632842|a|Hamstring-strain injuries have a high recurrence rate. To determine if a protocol emphasizing eccentric strength training with the hamstrings in a lengthened position resulted in a low recurrence rate. Longitudinal cohort study. Sports-medicine physical therapy clinic. Fifty athletes with hamstring-strain injury (age 36 ± 16 y; 30 men, 20 women; 3 G1, 43 G2, 4 G3; 25 recurrent injuries) followed a 3-phase rehabilitation protocol emphasizing eccentric strengthening with the hamstrings in a lengthened position. Injury recurrence; isometric hamstring strength at 80°, 60°, 40°, and 20° knee flexion in sitting with the thigh flexed to 40° above the horizontal and the seat back at 90° to the horizontal (strength tested before return to sport). Four of the 50 athletes sustained reinjuries between 3 and 12 mo after return to sport (8% recurrence rate). The other 42 athletes had not sustained a reinjury at an average of 24 ± 12 mo after return to sport. Eight noncompliant athletes did not complete the rehabilitation and returned to sport before initiating eccentric strengthening in the lengthened state. All 4 reinjuries occurred in these noncompliant athletes. At time of return to sport, compliant athletes had full restoration of strength while noncompliant athletes had significant hamstring weakness, which was progressively worse at longer muscle lengths (compliance × side × angle P = .006; involved vs noninvolved at 20°, compliant 7% stronger, noncompliant 43% weaker). Compliance with rehabilitation emphasizing eccentric strengthening with the hamstrings in a lengthened position resulted in no reinjuries.
27632842	0	14	Rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27632842	21	44	Hamstring-Strain Injury	T037	C0856356
27632842	57	80	Eccentric Strengthening	T061	C2147126
27632842	84	88	Long	T080	C0205166
27632842	89	95	Muscle	T024	C0026845
27632842	96	103	Lengths	T081	C1444754
27632842	105	112	Results	T169	C1274040
27632842	116	135	Long-Term Follow-Up	T058	C1517942
27632842	136	161	Hamstring-strain injuries	T037	C0856356
27632842	169	189	high recurrence rate	T033	C1846661
27632842	230	257	eccentric strength training	T074	C4052692
27632842	267	277	hamstrings	T023	C0584895
27632842	283	293	lengthened	T169	C0392744
27632842	294	302	position	T082	C1550045
27632842	317	336	low recurrence rate	T033	C0243095
27632842	351	363	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27632842	365	404	Sports-medicine physical therapy clinic	T073,T093	C3810869
27632842	412	420	athletes	T097	C0238703
27632842	426	449	hamstring-strain injury	T037	C0856356
27632842	469	472	men	T098	C0025266
27632842	477	482	women	T098	C0043210
27632842	506	515	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27632842	516	524	injuries	T037	C0856356
27632842	545	559	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27632842	581	604	eccentric strengthening	T061	C2147126
27632842	614	624	hamstrings	T023	C0584895
27632842	630	640	lengthened	T169	C0392744
27632842	641	649	position	T082	C1550045
27632842	651	657	Injury	T037	C0856356
27632842	658	668	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27632842	670	698	isometric hamstring strength	T042	C0517349
27632842	725	737	knee flexion	T033	C0240114
27632842	741	748	sitting	T039	C2584297
27632842	758	763	thigh	T029	C0039866
27632842	764	770	flexed	T033	C1821449
27632842	788	798	horizontal	T082	C0205126
27632842	831	841	horizontal	T082	C0205126
27632842	843	851	strength	T042	C0517349
27632842	866	881	return to sport	T080	C4042817
27632842	899	907	athletes	T097	C0238703
27632842	918	928	reinjuries	T037	C0856356
27632842	955	970	return to sport	T080	C4042817
27632842	975	990	recurrence rate	T033	C0243095
27632842	1006	1014	athletes	T097	C0238703
27632842	1035	1043	reinjury	T037	C0856356
27632842	1078	1093	return to sport	T080	C4042817
27632842	1114	1122	athletes	T097	C0238703
27632842	1144	1158	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27632842	1163	1180	returned to sport	T080	C4042817
27632842	1199	1222	eccentric strengthening	T061	C2147126
27632842	1230	1240	lengthened	T169	C0392744
27632842	1241	1246	state	T082	C1550045
27632842	1254	1264	reinjuries	T037	C0856356
27632842	1296	1304	athletes	T097	C0238703
27632842	1309	1313	time	T079	C0040223
27632842	1317	1332	return to sport	T080	C4042817
27632842	1344	1352	athletes	T097	C0238703
27632842	1362	1373	restoration	T061	C0087111
27632842	1377	1385	strength	T042	C0517349
27632842	1405	1413	athletes	T097	C0238703
27632842	1430	1448	hamstring weakness	T033	C2202999
27632842	1474	1479	worse	T033	C1457868
27632842	1483	1489	longer	T080	C0205166
27632842	1490	1496	muscle	T024	C0026845
27632842	1497	1504	lengths	T081	C1444754
27632842	1506	1516	compliance	T033	C3714738
27632842	1519	1523	side	T082	C0441987
27632842	1526	1531	angle	T082	C0205143
27632842	1574	1583	compliant	T080	C0566588
27632842	1587	1595	stronger	T080	C0442821
27632842	1597	1609	noncompliant	T033	C0184543
27632842	1614	1620	weaker	T080	C1762617
27632842	1623	1633	Compliance	T033	C3714738
27632842	1639	1653	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27632842	1666	1689	eccentric strengthening	T061	C2147126
27632842	1699	1709	hamstrings	T023	C0584895
27632842	1715	1725	lengthened	T169	C0392744
27632842	1726	1734	position	T082	C1550045
27632842	1747	1760	no reinjuries	T033	C2712106

27632886|t|Comparison of Esophageal, Rectal, and Gastrointestinal Temperatures During Passive Rest After Exercise in The Heat: The Influence of Hydration
27632886|a|It is unknown how valid esophageal, rectal, and gastrointestinal temperatures (TES, TRE, and TGI) compare after exercise-induced hyperthermia in various hydration states. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between TES, TRE, and TGI during passive rest following exercise-induced hyperthermia under two different hydration states: euhydrated (EU) and hypohydrated (HY). Randomized-crossover design. Controlled laboratory setting. Nine recreationally active male participants (mean± SD; age, 24±4; height, 177.3±9.9cm; body mass, 76.7±11.6kg; body fat, 14.7±5.8%). Participants completed two trials (EU and HY) consisting of a bout of treadmill exercise (a 10 minute walk ranging 4.8-7.2km·hr(-1) at a 5% grade followed by a 20 minute jog ranging 8.0-12.1km·hr(-1) at a 1% grade) in a hot environment (ambient temperature, 39.3±1.0°C; relative humidity, 37.6±6.0%; wet bulb globe temperature, 31.3±1.5°C) followed by passive rest. Root mean squared difference (RMSD) was used to compare the variance of temperature readings at corresponding time points for TRE vs TGI, TRE vs TES, and TGI vs TES in EU and HY. RMSD values were compared using three-way repeated measures ANOVA. Post hoc analysis of significant main effects was done using Tukey's HSD with significance set at p<0.05. RMSD values (°C) for all device comparisons were significantly different in EU (TRE - TGI, 0.11±0.12; TRE - TES, 1.58±1.01; TGI - TES, 2.04±1.19) than HY (TRE - TGI, 0.22±0.28; TRE - TES, 1.27±0.61; TGI - TES, 1.16±0.76) (p<0.01). Across the 45- minute bout of passive rest, there were no differences in TRE, TGI and TES between EU and HY trials (p=0.468). During passive rest after exercise in the heat, TRE and TGI were in good agreement when tracking body temperature, with a better agreement appearing in those maintaining a state of euhydration versus those who became hypohydrated during exercise; however, this small difference does not appear to be of clinical significance.
27632886	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27632886	14	24	Esophageal	T201	C2316724
27632886	26	32	Rectal	T033	C0489749
27632886	38	54	Gastrointestinal	T029	C0809794
27632886	55	67	Temperatures	T081	C0039476
27632886	75	87	Passive Rest	T056	C0035253
27632886	94	102	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27632886	110	114	Heat	T070	C0018837
27632886	120	129	Influence	T077	C4054723
27632886	133	142	Hydration	T033	C1321013
27632886	167	177	esophageal	T201	C2316724
27632886	179	185	rectal	T033	C0489749
27632886	191	207	gastrointestinal	T029	C0809794
27632886	208	220	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27632886	222	225	TES	T201	C2316724
27632886	227	230	TRE	T033	C0489749
27632886	236	239	TGI	T081	C0039476
27632886	255	271	exercise-induced	T184	C0239313
27632886	272	284	hyperthermia	T184	C0015967
27632886	296	312	hydration states	T033	C1321013
27632886	334	339	study	T062	C0008972
27632886	379	382	TES	T201	C2316724
27632886	384	387	TRE	T033	C0489749
27632886	393	396	TGI	T081	C0039476
27632886	404	416	passive rest	T056	C0035253
27632886	427	443	exercise-induced	T184	C0239313
27632886	444	456	hyperthermia	T184	C0015967
27632886	477	493	hydration states	T033	C1321013
27632886	495	505	euhydrated	T033	C0231162
27632886	507	509	EU	T033	C0231162
27632886	515	527	hypohydrated	T047	C0011175
27632886	529	531	HY	T047	C0011175
27632886	534	561	Randomized-crossover design	T062	C0242817
27632886	563	573	Controlled	T067	C2239193
27632886	574	592	laboratory setting	T073,T093	C0022877
27632886	599	613	recreationally	T056	C0034872
27632886	614	620	active	T169	C0205177
27632886	621	625	male	T032	C0086582
27632886	626	638	participants	T098	C0679646
27632886	646	648	SD	T081	C0871420
27632886	650	653	age	T032	C0001779
27632886	661	667	height	T032	C0489786
27632886	682	691	body mass	T032	C0005910
27632886	706	714	body fat	T201	C0344335
27632886	728	740	Participants	T098	C0679646
27632886	755	761	trials	T062	C0008976
27632886	763	765	EU	T033	C0231162
27632886	770	772	HY	T047	C0011175
27632886	790	794	bout	T079	C0741605
27632886	798	816	treadmill exercise	T056	C2712999
27632886	835	842	ranging	T081	C1514721
27632886	868	873	grade	T185	C0441800
27632886	891	897	minute	T079	C0439232
27632886	898	901	jog	T056	C0022400
27632886	902	909	ranging	T081	C1514721
27632886	948	963	hot environment	T067	C0241922
27632886	965	984	ambient temperature	T070	C0428692
27632886	998	1015	relative humidity	T081	C0428696
27632886	1028	1054	wet bulb globe temperature	T169	C0242485
27632886	1080	1092	passive rest	T056	C0035253
27632886	1094	1122	Root mean squared difference	T081	C2347976
27632886	1124	1128	RMSD	T081	C2347976
27632886	1154	1162	variance	T080	C1711260
27632886	1166	1186	temperature readings	T032	C0005903
27632886	1204	1215	time points	T079	C0439547
27632886	1220	1223	TRE	T033	C0489749
27632886	1227	1230	TGI	T081	C0039476
27632886	1232	1235	TRE	T033	C0489749
27632886	1239	1242	TES	T201	C2316724
27632886	1248	1251	TGI	T081	C0039476
27632886	1255	1258	TES	T201	C2316724
27632886	1262	1264	EU	T033	C0231162
27632886	1269	1271	HY	T047	C0011175
27632886	1273	1277	RMSD	T081	C2347976
27632886	1305	1338	three-way repeated measures ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27632886	1349	1357	analysis	T062	C0936012
27632886	1378	1385	effects	T080	C1280500
27632886	1401	1412	Tukey's HSD	T170	C0237913
27632886	1446	1457	RMSD values	T081	C2347976
27632886	1471	1477	device	T074	C0025080
27632886	1478	1489	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27632886	1495	1508	significantly	T081	C0237881
27632886	1522	1524	EU	T033	C0231162
27632886	1526	1529	TRE	T033	C0489749
27632886	1532	1535	TGI	T081	C0039476
27632886	1548	1551	TRE	T033	C0489749
27632886	1554	1557	TES	T201	C2316724
27632886	1570	1573	TGI	T081	C0039476
27632886	1576	1579	TES	T201	C2316724
27632886	1597	1599	HY	T047	C0011175
27632886	1601	1604	TRE	T033	C0489749
27632886	1607	1610	TGI	T081	C0039476
27632886	1623	1626	TRE	T033	C0489749
27632886	1629	1632	TES	T201	C2316724
27632886	1645	1648	TGI	T081	C0039476
27632886	1651	1654	TES	T201	C2316724
27632886	1692	1698	minute	T079	C0439232
27632886	1699	1703	bout	T079	C0741605
27632886	1707	1719	passive rest	T056	C0035253
27632886	1750	1753	TRE	T033	C0489749
27632886	1755	1758	TGI	T081	C0039476
27632886	1763	1766	TES	T201	C2316724
27632886	1775	1777	EU	T033	C0231162
27632886	1782	1784	HY	T047	C0011175
27632886	1785	1791	trials	T062	C0008976
27632886	1810	1822	passive rest	T056	C0035253
27632886	1829	1837	exercise	T056	C0015259
27632886	1845	1849	heat	T070	C0018837
27632886	1851	1854	TRE	T033	C0489749
27632886	1859	1862	TGI	T081	C0039476
27632886	1900	1916	body temperature	T032	C0005903
27632886	1984	1995	euhydration	T033	C0231162
27632886	2020	2032	hypohydrated	T047	C0011175
27632886	2040	2048	exercise	T056	C0015259
27632886	2106	2127	clinical significance	T033	C2826293

27633344|t|Obstacle course runs: review of acquired injuries and illnesses at a series of Canadian events (RACE)
27633344|a|The growing popularity of obstacle course runs (OCRs) has led to significant concerns regarding their safety. The influx of injuries and illnesses in rural areas where OCRs are often held can impose a large burden on emergency medical services (EMS) and local EDs. Literature concerning the safety of these events is minimal and mostly consists of media reports. We sought to characterise the injury and illness profile of OCRs and the level of medical care required. This study analysed OCR events occurring in eight locations across Canada from May to August 2015 (total 45 285 participants). Data were extracted from event medical charts of patients presenting to the onsite medical team, including injury or illness type, onsite treatment and disposition. There were 557 race participants treated at eight OCR events (1.2% of all participants). There were 609 medical complaints in total. Three quarters of injuries were musculoskeletal in nature. Eighty-nine per cent returned to the event with no need for further medical care. The majority of treatments were completed with first aid and basic medical equipment. Eleven patients (2% of patients) required transfer to hospital by EMS for presentations including fracture, dislocation, head injury, chest pain, fall from height, and abdominal pain. We found that 1.2% of race participants presented to onsite medical services. The majority of complaints were minor and musculoskeletal in nature. Only 2% of those treated were transferred to hospital through EMS. This is consistent with other types of mass gathering events.
27633344	0	20	Obstacle course runs	T056	C0038039
27633344	22	28	review	T170	C0282443
27633344	41	49	injuries	T037	C3263723
27633344	54	63	illnesses	T184	C0221423
27633344	69	75	series	T081	C0205549
27633344	79	87	Canadian	T033	C0238884
27633344	88	94	events	T051	C0441471
27633344	96	100	RACE	T056	C0038039
27633344	128	148	obstacle course runs	T056	C0038039
27633344	150	154	OCRs	T056	C0038039
27633344	167	178	significant	T078	C0750502
27633344	179	187	concerns	T078	C2699424
27633344	204	210	safety	T068	C0036043
27633344	226	234	injuries	T037	C3263723
27633344	239	248	illnesses	T184	C0221423
27633344	252	263	rural areas	T082	C0178837
27633344	270	274	OCRs	T056	C0038039
27633344	319	345	emergency medical services	T058	C0013961
27633344	347	350	EMS	T058	C0013961
27633344	367	377	Literature	T170	C0023866
27633344	378	388	concerning	T078	C2699424
27633344	393	399	safety	T068	C0036043
27633344	409	415	events	T051	C0441471
27633344	419	426	minimal	T080	C0547040
27633344	450	455	media	T170	C0009458
27633344	456	463	reports	T170	C0684224
27633344	478	490	characterise	T052	C1880022
27633344	495	501	injury	T037	C3263723
27633344	506	513	illness	T184	C0221423
27633344	525	529	OCRs	T056	C0038039
27633344	538	543	level	T080	C0441889
27633344	547	559	medical care	T061	C0237078
27633344	575	580	study	T062	C2603343
27633344	581	589	analysed	T062	C0936012
27633344	590	593	OCR	T056	C0038039
27633344	594	600	events	T051	C0441471
27633344	637	643	Canada	T083	C0006823
27633344	682	694	participants	T098	C0679646
27633344	697	701	Data	T078	C1511726
27633344	707	716	extracted	UnknownType	C0677145
27633344	722	727	event	T051	C0441471
27633344	728	742	medical charts	T074	C0007963
27633344	746	754	patients	T101	C0030705
27633344	773	779	onsite	T082	C0450429
27633344	780	792	medical team	T058	C0086390
27633344	804	810	injury	T037	C3263723
27633344	814	821	illness	T184	C0221423
27633344	835	844	treatment	T061	C0087111
27633344	849	860	disposition	T078	C0743223
27633344	877	894	race participants	T098	C0679646
27633344	895	902	treated	T169	C1522326
27633344	912	915	OCR	T056	C0038039
27633344	916	922	events	T051	C0441471
27633344	936	948	participants	T098	C0679646
27633344	966	984	medical complaints	T170	C0025102
27633344	1013	1021	injuries	T037	C3263723
27633344	1027	1042	musculoskeletal	T169	C0497254
27633344	1091	1096	event	T051	C0441471
27633344	1122	1134	medical care	T061	C0237078
27633344	1152	1162	treatments	T061	C0087111
27633344	1183	1192	first aid	T061	C0016143
27633344	1203	1220	medical equipment	T074	C0025080
27633344	1229	1237	patients	T101	C0030705
27633344	1245	1253	patients	T101	C0030705
27633344	1276	1284	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27633344	1288	1291	EMS	T058	C0013961
27633344	1320	1328	fracture	T037	C0016658
27633344	1330	1341	dislocation	T037	C0012691
27633344	1343	1354	head injury	T037	C0018674
27633344	1356	1366	chest pain	T184	C0008031
27633344	1368	1384	fall from height	T067	C1997329
27633344	1390	1404	abdominal pain	T184	C0000737
27633344	1428	1445	race participants	T098	C0679646
27633344	1466	1482	medical services	T058	C0199168
27633344	1516	1521	minor	T037	C0332673
27633344	1526	1541	musculoskeletal	T037	C0272448
27633344	1570	1577	treated	T169	C1522326
27633344	1598	1606	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27633344	1615	1618	EMS	T058	C0013961
27633344	1628	1643	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27633344	1659	1673	mass gathering	T033	C3841750
27633344	1674	1680	events	T051	C0441471

27633393|t|Short-Term Influence of Radiofrequency Ablation on NT-proBNP, MR-proANP, Copeptin, and MR-proADM in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Data From the Observational SMURF Study
27633393|a|There is limited knowledge on the short-term influence of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of atrial fibrillation (AF) on 2 cardiac biomarkers; the N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and the midregional fragment of the N-terminal of pro-ANP (MR-proANP) and 2 extracardiac biomarkers; the c-terminal provasopressin (copeptin) and the midregional portion of proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM). There are also limited data concerning cardiac production of the latter two. We studied 192 consecutive patients eligible for RFA of AF referred to the University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden. NT-proBNP, MR-proANP, copeptin, and MR-proADM levels were measured in peripheral blood, the coronary sinus (CS), and the left atrium before ablation, and in peripheral blood immediately and the day after RFA. The level of NT-proBNP decreased the day after RFA in participants in AF at the time of RFA, compared to the participants in sinus rhythm who showed a slight increase (P<0.001). Furthermore, regardless of the actual rhythm, the level of MR-proANP showed an increase immediately after RFA (P<0.001), followed by a decrease the day after ablation (P<0.001). Copeptin level showed a 6-fold increase immediately after RFA compared to baseline (P<0.001), whereas MR-proADM level increased the day after RFA (P<0.001). Levels of copeptin and MR-proADM were not higher in the CS compared to peripheral blood. RFA of AF is a strong stimulus with a significant and direct impact on different neurohormonal systems. We found no sign of a cardiac release of MR-proADM or copeptin. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique Identifier: NCT01553045.
27633393	0	10	Short-Term	T079	C0443303
27633393	24	47	Radiofrequency Ablation	T061	C0850292
27633393	51	60	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27633393	62	71	MR-proANP	T116,T123	C2975328
27633393	73	81	Copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27633393	87	96	MR-proADM	T116,T123	C3493807
27633393	100	108	Patients	T101	C0030705
27633393	114	133	Atrial Fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27633393	149	174	Observational SMURF Study	T062	C1518527
27633393	209	219	short-term	T079	C0443303
27633393	233	256	radiofrequency ablation	T061	C0850292
27633393	258	261	RFA	T061	C0850292
27633393	266	285	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27633393	287	289	AF	T047	C0004238
27633393	296	314	cardiac biomarkers	T201	C2735102
27633393	320	361	N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide	T116,T123	C0754710
27633393	363	372	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27633393	382	431	midregional fragment of the N-terminal of pro-ANP	T116,T123	C2975328
27633393	433	442	MR-proANP	T116,T123	C2975328
27633393	450	473	extracardiac biomarkers	T201	C2735102
27633393	479	504	c-terminal provasopressin	T116,T121	C0056279
27633393	506	514	copeptin	T116,T121	C0056279
27633393	524	564	midregional portion of proadrenomedullin	T116,T123	C3493807
27633393	566	575	MR-proADM	T116,T123	C3493807
27633393	617	624	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27633393	682	690	patients	T101	C0030705
27633393	704	707	RFA	T061	C0850292
27633393	711	713	AF	T047	C0004238
27633393	730	749	University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
27633393	751	768	Linköping, Sweden	T083	C0038995
27633393	770	779	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27633393	781	790	MR-proANP	T116,T123	C2975328
27633393	792	800	copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27633393	806	815	MR-proADM	T116,T123	C3493807
27633393	816	822	levels	T080	C0441889
27633393	840	856	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27633393	862	876	coronary sinus	T023	C0456944
27633393	878	880	CS	T023	C0456944
27633393	891	902	left atrium	T023	C0225860
27633393	910	918	ablation	T061	C0547070
27633393	927	943	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27633393	974	977	RFA	T061	C0850292
27633393	983	988	level	T080	C0441889
27633393	992	1001	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27633393	1002	1011	decreased	T081	C0205216
27633393	1026	1029	RFA	T061	C0850292
27633393	1033	1045	participants	T098	C0679646
27633393	1049	1051	AF	T047	C0004238
27633393	1067	1070	RFA	T061	C0850292
27633393	1088	1100	participants	T098	C0679646
27633393	1104	1116	sinus rhythm	T033	C0232201
27633393	1137	1145	increase	T169	C0442805
27633393	1188	1201	actual rhythm	T042	C0232187
27633393	1207	1212	level	T080	C0441889
27633393	1216	1225	MR-proANP	T116,T123	C2975328
27633393	1263	1266	RFA	T061	C0850292
27633393	1292	1300	decrease	T081	C0205216
27633393	1315	1323	ablation	T061	C0547070
27633393	1335	1349	Copeptin level	T059	C4284455
27633393	1393	1396	RFA	T061	C0850292
27633393	1409	1417	baseline	T081	C1442488
27633393	1437	1446	MR-proADM	T116,T123	C3493807
27633393	1447	1452	level	T080	C0441889
27633393	1453	1462	increased	T169	C0442805
27633393	1477	1480	RFA	T061	C0850292
27633393	1492	1498	Levels	T080	C0441889
27633393	1502	1510	copeptin	T116,T121	C0056279
27633393	1515	1524	MR-proADM	T116,T123	C3493807
27633393	1548	1550	CS	T023	C0456944
27633393	1563	1579	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27633393	1581	1584	RFA	T061	C0850292
27633393	1588	1590	AF	T047	C0004238
27633393	1603	1611	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27633393	1662	1683	neurohormonal systems	T125	C0597049
27633393	1694	1701	no sign	T033	C0311392
27633393	1707	1714	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27633393	1726	1735	MR-proADM	T116,T123	C3493807
27633393	1739	1747	copeptin	T116,T121	C0056279

27633771|t|Annexin A1 restores Aβ1-42 -induced blood-brain barrier disruption through the inhibition of RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway
27633771|a|The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is composed of brain capillary endothelial cells and has an important role in maintaining homeostasis of the brain separating the blood from the parenchyma of the central nervous system (CNS). It is widely known that disruption of the BBB occurs in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Annexin A1 (ANXA1), an anti-inflammatory messenger, is expressed in brain endothelial cells and regulates the BBB integrity. However, its role and mechanism for protecting BBB in AD have not been identified. We found that β-Amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42)-induced BBB disruption was rescued by human recombinant ANXA1 (hrANXA1) in the murine brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3. Also, ANXA1 was decreased in the bEnd.3 cells, the capillaries of 5XFAD mice, and the human serum of patients with AD. To find out the mechanism by which ANXA1 recovers the BBB integrity in AD, the RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway was examined in both Aβ42 -treated bEnd.3 cells and the capillaries of 5XFAD mice as RhoA was activated in both cases. RhoA inhibitors alleviated Aβ42 -induced BBB disruption and constitutively overexpressed RhoA-GTP (active form of RhoA) attenuated the protective effect of ANXA1. When pericytes were cocultured with bEnd.3 cells, Aβ42 -induced RhoA activation of bEnd.3 cells was inhibited by the secretion of ANXA1 from pericytes. Taken together, our results suggest that ANXA1 restores Aβ42 -induced BBB disruption through inhibition of RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway and we propose ANXA1 as a therapeutic reagent, protecting against the breakdown of the BBB in AD.
27633771	0	10	Annexin A1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
27633771	20	26	Aβ1-42	T116,T123	C0169424
27633771	36	66	blood-brain barrier disruption	T061	C1831732
27633771	79	89	inhibition	T044	C0021469
27633771	93	120	RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27633771	125	144	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
27633771	146	149	BBB	T023	C0005854
27633771	166	181	brain capillary	T023	C4242462
27633771	182	199	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27633771	241	252	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27633771	260	265	brain	T023	C0006104
27633771	281	286	blood	T031	C0005767
27633771	296	306	parenchyma	T023	C0933845
27633771	314	336	central nervous system	T022	C1269563
27633771	338	341	CNS	T022	C1269563
27633771	368	389	disruption of the BBB	T061	C1831732
27633771	408	434	neurodegenerative diseases	T047	C0524851
27633771	446	465	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27633771	467	469	AD	T047	C0002395
27633771	472	482	Annexin A1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
27633771	484	489	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
27633771	495	522	anti-inflammatory messenger	T116,T121	C0169911
27633771	527	536	expressed	T045	C1171362
27633771	540	563	brain endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27633771	582	585	BBB	T023	C0005854
27633771	619	628	mechanism	T044	C0678659
27633771	644	647	BBB	T023	C0005854
27633771	651	653	AD	T047	C0002395
27633771	694	708	β-Amyloid 1-42	T116,T123	C0169424
27633771	710	714	Aβ42	T116,T123	C0169424
27633771	724	738	BBB disruption	T061	C1831732
27633771	754	777	human recombinant ANXA1	T116	C0034861
27633771	779	786	hrANXA1	T116	C0034861
27633771	795	801	murine	T109,T121	C0591833
27633771	802	837	brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3.	T025	C0225336
27633771	844	849	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
27633771	871	883	bEnd.3 cells	T025	C0225336
27633771	889	900	capillaries	T023	C0006901
27633771	904	914	5XFAD mice	T001	C1514798
27633771	924	935	human serum	T031	C0229671
27633771	939	947	patients	T101	C0030705
27633771	953	955	AD	T047	C0002395
27633771	973	982	mechanism	T044	C0678659
27633771	992	997	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
27633771	1011	1014	BBB	T023	C0005854
27633771	1028	1030	AD	T047	C0002395
27633771	1036	1063	RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27633771	1085	1089	Aβ42	T116,T123	C0169424
27633771	1099	1111	bEnd.3 cells	T025	C0225336
27633771	1120	1131	capillaries	T023	C0006901
27633771	1135	1145	5XFAD mice	T001	C1514798
27633771	1149	1153	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27633771	1158	1167	activated	T045	C0599177
27633771	1183	1198	RhoA inhibitors	T080	C1999216
27633771	1210	1214	Aβ42	T116,T123	C0169424
27633771	1224	1238	BBB disruption	T061	C1831732
27633771	1258	1271	overexpressed	T045	C1171362
27633771	1272	1280	RhoA-GTP	T116,T126	C0084340
27633771	1297	1301	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
27633771	1339	1344	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
27633771	1351	1360	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27633771	1366	1376	cocultured	T059	C0282547
27633771	1382	1394	bEnd.3 cells	T025	C0225336
27633771	1396	1400	Aβ42	T116,T123	C0169424
27633771	1410	1425	RhoA activation	T045	C0599177
27633771	1429	1441	bEnd.3 cells	T025	C0225336
27633771	1446	1455	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27633771	1463	1472	secretion	T038	C0036536
27633771	1476	1481	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
27633771	1487	1496	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27633771	1539	1544	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
27633771	1554	1558	Aβ42	T116,T123	C0169424
27633771	1568	1582	BBB disruption	T061	C1831732
27633771	1591	1601	inhibition	T044	C0021469
27633771	1605	1632	RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27633771	1648	1653	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
27633771	1659	1678	therapeutic reagent	T121	C1611640
27633771	1703	1723	breakdown of the BBB	T061	C1831732
27633771	1727	1729	AD	T047	C0002395

27634004|t|Young Children See a Single Action and Infer a Social Norm
27634004|a|Human social life depends heavily on social norms that prescribe and proscribe specific actions. Typically, young children learn social norms from adult instruction. In the work reported here, we showed that this is not the whole story: Three- year-old children are promiscuous normativists. In other words, they spontaneously inferred the presence of social norms even when an adult had done nothing to indicate such a norm in either language or behavior. And children of this age even went so far as to enforce these self-inferred norms when third parties "broke" them. These results suggest that children do not just passively acquire social norms from adult behavior and instruction; rather, they have a natural and proactive tendency to go from "is" to "ought." That is, children go from observed actions to prescribed actions and do not perceive them simply as guidelines for their own behavior but rather as objective normative rules applying to everyone equally.
27634004	0	5	Young	T079	C0332239
27634004	6	14	Children	T100	C0008059
27634004	21	27	Single	T081	C0205171
27634004	28	34	Action	T052	C3266814
27634004	39	44	Infer	T041	C0679201
27634004	47	58	Social Norm	T078	C0237750
27634004	59	64	Human	T016	C0086418
27634004	65	76	social life	T054	C0815198
27634004	96	108	social norms	T078	C0237750
27634004	147	154	actions	T052	C3266814
27634004	167	172	young	T079	C0332239
27634004	173	181	children	T100	C0008059
27634004	188	200	social norms	T078	C0237750
27634004	206	211	adult	T100	C0001675
27634004	212	223	instruction	T170	C1442085
27634004	303	311	year-old	T079	C1510829
27634004	312	320	children	T100	C0008059
27634004	325	336	promiscuous	T054	C0562558
27634004	337	349	normativists	T098	C1257890
27634004	372	385	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
27634004	386	394	inferred	T041	C0679201
27634004	411	423	social norms	T078	C0237750
27634004	437	442	adult	T100	C0001675
27634004	479	483	norm	T078	C0237750
27634004	494	502	language	T171	C0023008
27634004	506	514	behavior	T053	C0004927
27634004	520	528	children	T100	C0008059
27634004	537	540	age	T032	C0001779
27634004	578	591	self-inferred	T041	C0679201
27634004	592	597	norms	T078	C0237750
27634004	658	666	children	T100	C0008059
27634004	679	688	passively	T080	C3686820
27634004	689	696	acquire	T052	C1706701
27634004	697	709	social norms	T078	C0237750
27634004	715	720	adult	T100	C0001675
27634004	721	729	behavior	T053	C0004927
27634004	734	745	instruction	T170	C1442085
27634004	767	774	natural	T053	C0004927
27634004	779	797	proactive tendency	T053	C0004927
27634004	835	843	children	T100	C0008059
27634004	852	860	observed	T169	C1441672
27634004	861	868	actions	T052	C3266814
27634004	872	882	prescribed	T169	C0205245
27634004	883	890	actions	T052	C3266814
27634004	926	936	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27634004	951	959	behavior	T053	C0004927
27634004	974	983	objective	T080	C1571702
27634004	984	999	normative rules	T170	C0870077

27634034|t|Meta-Analysis of Perioperative Stroke and Mortality in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation
27634034|a|Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a rapidly evolving safe method with decreasing incidence of perioperative stroke. There is a void in literature concerning the impact of stroke after TAVI in predicting 30-day stroke - related mortality. The primary aim of this meta-analysis was to determine whether perioperative stroke increases risk of stroke - related mortality after TAVI. Online databases, using relevant keywords, and additional related records were searched to retrieve articles involving TAVI and stroke after TAVI. Data were extracted from the finalized studies and analyzed to generate a summary odds ratio (OR) of stroke - related mortality after TAVI. The stroke rate and stroke - related mortality rate in the total patient population were 3.07% (893 of 29,043) and 12.27% (252 of 2,053), respectively. The all-cause mortality rate was 7.07% (2,053 of 29,043). Summary OR of stroke - related mortality after TAVI was estimated to be 6.45 (95% confidence interval 3.90 to 10.66, p <0.0001). Subgroup analyses were performed among age, approach, and valve type. Only 1 subgroup, transapical TAVI, was not significantly associated with stroke - related mortality (OR 1.97, 95% confidence interval, 0.43 to 7.43, p = 0.42). A metaregression was conducted among females, New York Heart Association class III/IV status, previous stroke, valve type, and implantation route. All failed to exhibit any significant associations with the OR. In conclusion, perioperative strokes after TAVI are associated with >6 times greater risk of 30-day stroke - related mortality. Transapical TAVI is not associated with increased stroke - related mortality in patients who suffer from perioperative stroke. Preventative measures need to be taken to alleviate the elevated rates of stroke after TAVI and subsequent direct mortality.
27634034	0	13	Meta-Analysis	T062	C0920317
27634034	17	30	Perioperative	T079	C1518988
27634034	31	37	Stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	42	51	Mortality	T081	C0205848
27634034	55	94	Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation	T061	C3509486
27634034	95	134	Transcatheter aortic valve implantation	T061	C3509486
27634034	136	140	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27634034	147	154	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27634034	155	163	evolving	T169	C0332253
27634034	181	191	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27634034	192	201	incidence	T081	C0021149
27634034	205	218	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27634034	219	225	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	246	256	literature	T170	C0023866
27634034	272	278	impact	T080	C4049986
27634034	282	288	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	295	299	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27634034	303	313	predicting	T078	C0681842
27634034	321	327	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	330	337	related	T080	C0439849
27634034	338	347	mortality	T081	C0205848
27634034	353	360	primary	T080	C0205225
27634034	361	364	aim	T078	C1947946
27634034	373	386	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27634034	412	425	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27634034	426	432	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	451	457	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	460	467	related	T080	C0439849
27634034	468	477	mortality	T081	C0205848
27634034	484	488	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27634034	490	506	Online databases	T170	C0871840
27634034	514	522	relevant	T080	C2347946
27634034	523	531	keywords	T077	C4284778
27634034	548	555	related	T080	C0439849
27634034	609	613	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27634034	618	624	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	631	635	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27634034	637	641	Data	T078	C1511726
27634034	647	656	extracted	T062	C1707635
27634034	711	718	summary	T170	C1706244
27634034	719	729	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27634034	731	733	OR	T081	C0028873
27634034	738	744	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	747	754	related	T080	C0439849
27634034	755	764	mortality	T081	C0205848
27634034	771	775	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27634034	781	787	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	797	803	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	806	813	related	T080	C0439849
27634034	814	828	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27634034	836	860	total patient population	T081	C2361270
27634034	943	957	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27634034	987	994	Summary	T170	C1706244
27634034	995	997	OR	T081	C0028873
27634034	1001	1007	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	1010	1017	related	T080	C0439849
27634034	1018	1027	mortality	T081	C0205848
27634034	1034	1038	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27634034	1069	1088	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27634034	1116	1124	Subgroup	T185	C1515021
27634034	1155	1158	age	T032	C0001779
27634034	1160	1168	approach	T082	C0449445
27634034	1174	1184	valve type	T170	C0449533
27634034	1193	1201	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27634034	1203	1219	transapical TAVI	T061	C3702459
27634034	1243	1258	associated with	T080	C0332281
27634034	1259	1265	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	1268	1275	related	T080	C0439849
27634034	1276	1285	mortality	T081	C0205848
27634034	1287	1289	OR	T081	C0028873
27634034	1300	1319	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27634034	1348	1362	metaregression	T170	C0282574
27634034	1383	1390	females	T032	C0086287
27634034	1392	1431	New York Heart Association class III/IV	T033	C0278962
27634034	1432	1438	status	T080	C0449438
27634034	1440	1448	previous	T079	C0205156
27634034	1449	1455	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	1457	1467	valve type	T170	C0449533
27634034	1473	1485	implantation	T061	C0021107
27634034	1486	1491	route	T082	C0449444
27634034	1531	1543	associations	T080	C0439849
27634034	1553	1555	OR	T081	C0028873
27634034	1560	1570	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27634034	1572	1585	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27634034	1586	1593	strokes	T047	C0038454
27634034	1600	1604	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27634034	1609	1624	associated with	T080	C0332281
27634034	1634	1641	greater	T081	C1704243
27634034	1642	1646	risk	T033	C0035648
27634034	1657	1663	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	1666	1673	related	T080	C0439849
27634034	1674	1683	mortality	T081	C0205848
27634034	1685	1701	Transapical TAVI	T061	C3702459
27634034	1709	1724	associated with	T080	C0332281
27634034	1725	1734	increased	T081	C0205217
27634034	1735	1741	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	1744	1751	related	T080	C0439849
27634034	1752	1761	mortality	T081	C0205848
27634034	1765	1773	patients	T101	C0030705
27634034	1778	1784	suffer	T048	C0683278
27634034	1790	1803	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27634034	1804	1810	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	1812	1833	Preventative measures	T061	C0199176
27634034	1854	1863	alleviate	T061	C1274136
27634034	1868	1876	elevated	T080	C3163633
27634034	1886	1892	stroke	T047	C0038454
27634034	1899	1903	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27634034	1908	1918	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27634034	1919	1925	direct	T080	C1947931
27634034	1926	1935	mortality	T081	C0205848

27634305|t|Is Modern Medical Management Changing Ultimate Patient Outcomes in Inflammatory Bowel Disease?
27634305|a|The impact of modern medical management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on surgical necessity and outcomes remains unclear. We hypothesized that surgery rates have decreased while outcomes have worsened due to operating on " sicker " patients since the introduction of biologic medications. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample and ICD-9-CM codes were used to identify inpatient admissions for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Trends in IBD nutrition, surgeries, and postoperative complications were determined. There were 191,743 admissions for IBD during the study period. Surgery rates were largely unchanged over the study period, ranging from 9 to 12 % of admissions in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The rate of poor nutrition increased by 67 % in ulcerative colitis and by 83 % in Crohn's disease. Rates of postoperative anastomotic leak (10.2-13.9 %) were unchanged over the years. Postoperative infection rates decreased by 17 % in Crohn's disease (18 % in 2003 to 15 % in 2012; P < 0.001) but did not show a trend in any direction in ulcerative colitis. Rates of IBD surgery have remained stable while postoperative infectious complications have remained stable or decreased since the implementation of biologic therapies. We identified an increase in poor nutrition in surgical patients.
27634305	3	9	Modern	T079	C0242324
27634305	10	28	Medical Management	T058	C1444483
27634305	29	37	Changing	T169	C0392747
27634305	47	63	Patient Outcomes	T078	C1547647
27634305	67	93	Inflammatory Bowel Disease	T047	C0021390
27634305	99	105	impact	T080	C4049986
27634305	109	115	modern	T079	C0242324
27634305	116	134	medical management	T058	C1444483
27634305	138	164	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
27634305	166	169	IBD	T047	C0021390
27634305	174	192	surgical necessity	T058	C0587668
27634305	197	205	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27634305	214	221	unclear	T033	C3845108
27634305	244	251	surgery	T061	C0543467
27634305	252	257	rates	T081	C1521828
27634305	263	272	decreased	T081	C0205216
27634305	279	287	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27634305	293	301	worsened	T033	C1457868
27634305	309	318	operating	T061	C0543467
27634305	324	330	sicker	T184	C0221423
27634305	333	341	patients	T101	C0030705
27634305	352	364	introduction	T169	C0579004
27634305	368	388	biologic medications	T061	C1531518
27634305	405	414	Inpatient	T101	C0021562
27634305	415	421	Sample	T167	C0370003
27634305	426	440	ICD-9-CM codes	T170	C1137112
27634305	463	472	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27634305	473	483	admissions	T058	C0184666
27634305	488	503	Crohn's disease	T047	C0010346
27634305	508	526	ulcerative colitis	T047	C0009324
27634305	528	534	Trends	T079	C1521798
27634305	538	541	IBD	T047	C0021390
27634305	542	551	nutrition	T033	C0392209
27634305	553	562	surgeries	T061	C0543467
27634305	568	595	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
27634305	632	642	admissions	T058	C0184666
27634305	647	650	IBD	T047	C0021390
27634305	662	667	study	T062	C2603343
27634305	668	674	period	T079	C1948053
27634305	676	683	Surgery	T061	C0543467
27634305	684	689	rates	T081	C1521828
27634305	703	712	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27634305	722	727	study	T062	C2603343
27634305	728	734	period	T079	C1948053
27634305	762	772	admissions	T058	C0184666
27634305	781	796	Crohn's disease	T047	C0010346
27634305	801	819	ulcerative colitis	T047	C0009324
27634305	825	829	rate	T081	C1521828
27634305	833	847	poor nutrition	T047	C0162429
27634305	848	857	increased	T081	C0205217
27634305	869	887	ulcerative colitis	T047	C0009324
27634305	903	918	Crohn's disease	T047	C0010346
27634305	920	925	Rates	T081	C1521828
27634305	929	942	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27634305	943	959	anastomotic leak	T046	C0919691
27634305	979	988	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27634305	1005	1028	Postoperative infection	T046	C0392618
27634305	1029	1034	rates	T081	C1521828
27634305	1035	1044	decreased	T081	C0205216
27634305	1056	1071	Crohn's disease	T047	C0010346
27634305	1133	1138	trend	T033	C1545470
27634305	1159	1177	ulcerative colitis	T047	C0009324
27634305	1179	1184	Rates	T081	C1521828
27634305	1188	1191	IBD	T047	C0021390
27634305	1192	1199	surgery	T091	C0038894
27634305	1214	1220	stable	T080	C0205360
27634305	1227	1265	postoperative infectious complications	T046	C0032787
27634305	1280	1286	stable	T080	C0205360
27634305	1290	1299	decreased	T081	C0205216
27634305	1310	1324	implementation	T058	C0018726
27634305	1328	1346	biologic therapies	T061	C1531518
27634305	1365	1373	increase	T169	C0442805
27634305	1377	1391	poor nutrition	T047	C0162429
27634305	1395	1412	surgical patients	T101	C0871463

27634338|t|Residual contamination and bioburden after reprocessing of single-use endoscopic ultrasound needles: An ex vivo study
27634338|a|Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) aspiration needles are single-use devices. However, in many centers, because of cost - constraints, these devices are reused multiple times. We studied microbiological contamination and bioburden on reprocessed needles to evaluate whether these devices can be successfully sterilized. We studied 10 EUS needles each of 19 G, 22 G, and 25 G in size, and five 22-G ProCore needles. After initial use, each needle was reprocessed by a standardized protocol. We used standard microbiological cultures, as well as ATP bioluminescence technique to quantify bioburden as relative light units (RLU). We defined significant soil contamination by RLU values >200. We also used extractant fluid to disrupt cell membranes in an attempt to enhance ATP detection. We found culture positivity in 3/34 (8.8%), and detectable bioburden on the exposed surface of 33/35 (94.3%), and inside lumen of 29 (82.9%) reprocessed FNA needles. Significant bioburden was found in three (8.6%) and two (5.7%) needles on the surface and lumen, respectively. We found that use of extractant fluid enhanced detection of bioburden. Larger (19 G) needles had higher surface contamination (P = 0.016), but there was no relation of luminal contamination with needle diameter (P = 0.138). Sheath design and presence of side bevel did not influence extent of contamination. There was significant correlation between the surface and intraluminal bioburden (P < 0.001). There is significant bioburden in reprocessed EUS needles; standard microbiological cultures have low sensitivity for detection of needle contamination. We have provided objective evidence for the futility of reprocessing attempts, and practice of EUS needle reuse should be discontinued.
27634338	0	8	Residual	T080	C1609982
27634338	9	22	contamination	T051	C1881659
27634338	27	36	bioburden	T067	C1879778
27634338	43	55	reprocessing	T052	C1711371
27634338	59	69	single-use	T074	C1707708
27634338	70	99	endoscopic ultrasound needles	T074	C0490922
27634338	104	111	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27634338	112	117	study	T062	C2603343
27634338	118	164	Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) aspiration needles	T074	C0490922
27634338	169	187	single-use devices	T074	C1707708
27634338	206	213	centers	T073,T093	C1552416
27634338	226	230	cost	T081	C0010186
27634338	233	244	constraints	T169	C0443288
27634338	252	259	devices	T074	C0025080
27634338	264	270	reused	T169	C1709937
27634338	271	279	multiple	T081	C0439064
27634338	280	285	times	T079	C0040223
27634338	298	313	microbiological	T007	C0577610
27634338	314	327	contamination	T051	C1881659
27634338	332	341	bioburden	T067	C1879778
27634338	345	364	reprocessed needles	T074	C1262420
27634338	368	376	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27634338	391	398	devices	T074	C0025080
27634338	406	418	successfully	T080	C1272703
27634338	419	429	sterilized	T058	C1443991
27634338	445	456	EUS needles	T074	C0490922
27634338	489	493	size	T082	C0449965
27634338	509	524	ProCore needles	T074	C0181960
27634338	532	543	initial use	T169	C1705685
27634338	550	556	needle	T074	C0027551
27634338	561	572	reprocessed	T052	C1711371
27634338	578	590	standardized	T080	C1442989
27634338	591	599	protocol	T170	C0442711
27634338	609	617	standard	T080	C1442989
27634338	618	642	microbiological cultures	T059	C2242979
27634338	655	658	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27634338	659	684	bioluminescence technique	T059	C3179184
27634338	688	696	quantify	T081	C1709793
27634338	697	706	bioburden	T067	C1879778
27634338	710	730	relative light units	T081	C1519795
27634338	732	735	RLU	T081	C1519795
27634338	749	760	significant	T078	C0750502
27634338	761	765	soil	T167	C0037592
27634338	766	779	contamination	T078	C2349974
27634338	783	786	RLU	T081	C1519795
27634338	813	829	extractant fluid	T167	C1704353
27634338	833	840	disrupt	T080	C0332454
27634338	841	855	cell membranes	T026	C0007603
27634338	862	869	attempt	T051	C1516084
27634338	873	880	enhance	T052	C2349975
27634338	881	884	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27634338	885	894	detection	T033	C0442726
27634338	905	923	culture positivity	T033	C0159125
27634338	944	954	detectable	T201	C3830527
27634338	955	964	bioburden	T067	C1879778
27634338	972	979	exposed	T080	C0332157
27634338	980	987	surface	T082	C0205148
27634338	1010	1016	inside	T082	C0205102
27634338	1017	1022	lumen	T030	C0524461
27634338	1037	1048	reprocessed	T052	C1711371
27634338	1049	1060	FNA needles	T074	C0181959
27634338	1062	1073	Significant	T078	C0750502
27634338	1074	1083	bioburden	T067	C1879778
27634338	1125	1132	needles	T074	C0027551
27634338	1140	1147	surface	T082	C0205148
27634338	1152	1157	lumen	T030	C0524461
27634338	1194	1210	extractant fluid	T167	C1704353
27634338	1211	1219	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27634338	1220	1229	detection	T033	C0442726
27634338	1233	1242	bioburden	T067	C1879778
27634338	1244	1250	Larger	T081	C0549177
27634338	1258	1265	needles	T074	C0027551
27634338	1270	1276	higher	T080	C0205250
27634338	1277	1284	surface	T082	C0205148
27634338	1285	1298	contamination	T051	C1881659
27634338	1326	1337	no relation	T033	C0243095
27634338	1341	1348	luminal	T082	C0524462
27634338	1349	1362	contamination	T051	C1881659
27634338	1368	1374	needle	T074	C0027551
27634338	1375	1383	diameter	T081	C1301886
27634338	1397	1403	Sheath	T074	C0490966
27634338	1404	1410	design	T057	C0086137
27634338	1415	1423	presence	T033	C0150312
27634338	1427	1431	side	T082	C0441987
27634338	1432	1437	bevel	T074	C1720515
27634338	1438	1455	did not influence	T033	C0243095
27634338	1456	1462	extent	T082	C0439792
27634338	1466	1479	contamination	T051	C1881659
27634338	1491	1502	significant	T078	C0750502
27634338	1503	1514	correlation	T080	C1707520
27634338	1527	1534	surface	T082	C0205148
27634338	1539	1551	intraluminal	T082	C0442115
27634338	1552	1561	bioburden	T067	C1879778
27634338	1584	1595	significant	T078	C0750502
27634338	1596	1605	bioburden	T067	C1879778
27634338	1609	1620	reprocessed	T052	C1711371
27634338	1621	1632	EUS needles	T074	C0490922
27634338	1634	1642	standard	T080	C1442989
27634338	1643	1667	microbiological cultures	T059	C2242979
27634338	1673	1676	low	T080	C0205251
27634338	1677	1688	sensitivity	T059	C0455287
27634338	1693	1702	detection	T033	C0442726
27634338	1706	1726	needle contamination	T051	C1881659
27634338	1745	1754	objective	T080	C1571702
27634338	1755	1763	evidence	T078	C3887511
27634338	1772	1780	futility	T078	C0242652
27634338	1784	1796	reprocessing	T052	C1711371
27634338	1797	1805	attempts	T051	C1516084
27634338	1823	1833	EUS needle	T074	C0490922
27634338	1834	1839	reuse	T169	C1709937
27634338	1850	1862	discontinued	T033	C1444662

27634799|t|Association of kidney disease with obstructive sleep apnea in a population study of men
27634799|a|To determine the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Previous population studies of the association are sparse, conflicting and confined largely to studies of administrative data. Cross-sectional analysis in unselected participants of the Men Androgens Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) study, aged >40 y. Renal data were available on 812 men without a prior OSA diagnosis who underwent full in-home polysomnography (Embletta X100) in 2010-2011. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73m2 or eGFR ≥60 and albuminuria (albumin creatinine ratio ≥3.0 mg/mmol). CKD [10.5%, n=85 (Stage 1-3, 9.7%; Stage 4-5, 0.7%)] of predominantly mild severity showed significant association s with OSA (AHI≥10): odds ratio (OR)=1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.02-3.5, severe OSA (AHI ≥30/h): OR =2.6, 95% CI:1.1-6.2, and respiratory related arousal index: ≥7.6/h OR =2.3, 95%CI: 1.1-4.7, but not measures of hypoxemia after adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and NSAID use. There was no association of CKD with daytime sleepiness. In men with CKD, those with OSA were not significantly more likely to report symptoms (sleepiness, snoring, apneas) or be identified with the STOP OSA screening questionnaire, compared to men without OSA. Predominantly mild CKD is associated with severe OSA and arousals. Further population studies examining the longitudinal relationship between CKD and OSA are warranted. Better methods are needed to identify OSA in CKD which may have few symptoms.
27634799	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27634799	15	29	kidney disease	T047	C0022658
27634799	35	58	obstructive sleep apnea	T047	C0520679
27634799	64	80	population study	T062	C0681876
27634799	84	87	men	T098	C0025266
27634799	91	100	determine	T059	C1148554
27634799	105	117	relationship	T080	C0439849
27634799	126	149	obstructive sleep apnea	T047	C0520679
27634799	151	154	OSA	T047	C0520679
27634799	160	182	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
27634799	184	187	CKD	T047	C1561643
27634799	199	217	population studies	T062	C0681876
27634799	225	236	association	T080	C0439849
27634799	241	247	sparse	T079	C0521114
27634799	249	260	conflicting	T033	C0855281
27634799	265	273	confined	T169	C0443288
27634799	285	292	studies	T062	C2603343
27634799	296	310	administrative	T033	C3845829
27634799	311	315	data	T078	C1511726
27634799	317	341	Cross-sectional analysis	T062	C0010362
27634799	356	368	participants	T098	C0679646
27634799	376	450	Men Androgens Inflammation Lifestyle Environment and Stress (MAILES) study	T081	C0009247
27634799	452	456	aged	T032	C0001779
27634799	464	469	Renal	T023	C0022646
27634799	470	474	data	T078	C1511726
27634799	497	500	men	T098	C0025266
27634799	511	516	prior	T079	C0332152
27634799	517	520	OSA	T047	C0520679
27634799	521	530	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27634799	550	557	in-home	T082	C0442519
27634799	558	573	polysomnography	T060	C0162701
27634799	575	588	Embletta X100	T074	C0182339
27634799	604	607	CKD	T047	C1561643
27634799	626	662	estimated glomerular filtration rate	T059	C3811844
27634799	664	668	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27634799	691	695	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27634799	704	715	albuminuria	T033	C0001925
27634799	717	741	albumin creatinine ratio	T059	C1655929
27634799	757	760	CKD	T047	C1561643
27634799	775	780	Stage	T079	C1306673
27634799	792	797	Stage	T079	C1306673
27634799	813	826	predominantly	T080	C0332251
27634799	827	840	mild severity	T033	C1513302
27634799	848	859	significant	T078	C0750502
27634799	860	871	association	T080	C0439849
27634799	879	882	OSA	T047	C0520679
27634799	893	903	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27634799	905	907	OR	T081	C0028873
27634799	918	937	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27634799	939	941	CI	T081	C0009667
27634799	953	959	severe	T080	C0205082
27634799	960	963	OSA	T047	C0520679
27634799	977	979	OR	T081	C0028873
27634799	1006	1017	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27634799	1026	1033	arousal	T039	C0233972
27634799	1034	1039	index	T170	C0918012
27634799	1048	1050	OR	T081	C0028873
27634799	1081	1089	measures	T081	C0079809
27634799	1093	1102	hypoxemia	T033	C0700292
27634799	1109	1119	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27634799	1124	1127	age	T032	C0001779
27634799	1129	1141	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27634799	1143	1151	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27634799	1153	1160	smoking	T055	C0037369
27634799	1162	1169	obesity	T047	C0028754
27634799	1175	1180	NSAID	T121	C3536840
27634799	1181	1184	use	T169	C0457083
27634799	1199	1210	association	T080	C0439849
27634799	1214	1217	CKD	T047	C1561643
27634799	1223	1241	daytime sleepiness	T033	C0541854
27634799	1246	1249	men	T098	C0025266
27634799	1255	1258	CKD	T047	C1561643
27634799	1271	1274	OSA	T047	C0520679
27634799	1280	1297	not significantly	T033	C1273937
27634799	1298	1302	more	T081	C0205172
27634799	1303	1309	likely	T081	C0033204
27634799	1313	1319	report	T058	C0700287
27634799	1320	1328	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27634799	1330	1340	sleepiness	T033	C0013144
27634799	1342	1349	snoring	T184	C0037384
27634799	1351	1357	apneas	T046	C0003578
27634799	1365	1375	identified	T080	C0205396
27634799	1385	1417	STOP OSA screening questionnaire	T062	C1134635
27634799	1431	1434	men	T098	C0025266
27634799	1443	1446	OSA	T047	C0520679
27634799	1448	1461	Predominantly	T080	C0332251
27634799	1462	1466	mild	T080	C2945599
27634799	1467	1470	CKD	T047	C1561643
27634799	1474	1489	associated with	T080	C0332281
27634799	1490	1496	severe	T080	C0205082
27634799	1497	1500	OSA	T047	C0520679
27634799	1505	1513	arousals	T041	C0003808
27634799	1523	1541	population studies	T062	C0681876
27634799	1542	1551	examining	T033	C0332128
27634799	1556	1568	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27634799	1569	1581	relationship	T080	C0439849
27634799	1590	1593	CKD	T047	C1561643
27634799	1598	1601	OSA	T047	C0520679
27634799	1606	1615	warranted	T169	C0205245
27634799	1624	1631	methods	T170	C0025663
27634799	1636	1642	needed	T080	C0027552
27634799	1646	1654	identify	T041	C0020792
27634799	1655	1658	OSA	T047	C0520679
27634799	1662	1665	CKD	T047	C1561643
27634799	1681	1684	few	T081	C0205388
27634799	1685	1693	symptoms	T184	C1457887

27634880|t|Evidence that vitronectin is a potent migration-enhancing factor for cancer cells chaperoned by fibrinogen: a novel view of the metastasis of cancer cells to low- fibrinogen lymphatics and body cavities
27634880|a|Diluted (1%) plasma induces migration of malignant cell lines much more strongly than potent pro-metastatic factors. To characterize the factor(s) present in diluted plasma responsible for this phenomenon we performed i) heat inactivation, ii) dialysis, iii) proteinase K treatment, and iv) molecular size filtration studies. We found that this remarkable pro-migratory activity of diluted normal plasma is associated with a ~50-100-kD protein that interacts with GαI protein-coupled receptors and activates p42/44 MAPK and AKT signaling in target cells. Since this pro-migratory activity of 1% plasma decreases at higher plasma concentrations (> 20%), but is retained in serum, we hypothesized that fibrinogen may be involved as a chaperone of the protein(s). To identify the pro-migratory protein(s) present in diluted plasma and fibrinogen -depleted serum, we performed gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography followed by mass spectrometry analysis. We identified several putative protein candidates that were further tested in in vitro experiments. We found that this pro-migratory factor chaperoned by fibrinogen is vitronectin, which activates uPAR, and that this effect can be inhibited by fibrinogen. These results provide a novel mechanism for the metastasis of cancer cells to lymphatics and body cavities, in which the concentration of fibrinogen is low, and thus suggests that free vitronectin stimulates migration of tumor cells.
27634880	14	25	vitronectin	T116,T123	C0055023
27634880	38	64	migration-enhancing factor	T123	C0574031
27634880	69	81	cancer cells	T025	C0597032
27634880	82	92	chaperoned	T116,T123	C0243041
27634880	96	106	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27634880	128	138	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27634880	142	154	cancer cells	T025	C0597032
27634880	163	173	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27634880	174	184	lymphatics	T022	C0024235
27634880	189	202	body cavities	T030	C0333343
27634880	203	210	Diluted	T169	C1948037
27634880	216	222	plasma	T031	C0032105
27634880	231	240	migration	T043	C1622501
27634880	244	264	malignant cell lines	T025	C0334227
27634880	296	318	pro-metastatic factors	T169	C1521761
27634880	340	349	factor(s)	T169	C1521761
27634880	361	368	diluted	T169	C1948037
27634880	369	375	plasma	T031	C0032105
27634880	397	407	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27634880	424	428	heat	T070	C0018837
27634880	429	441	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27634880	447	455	dialysis	T070	C0011945
27634880	462	474	proteinase K	T116,T126	C0059256
27634880	475	484	treatment	T169	C1522326
27634880	494	527	molecular size filtration studies	T068	C0016107
27634880	559	581	pro-migratory activity	T052	C0441655
27634880	585	592	diluted	T169	C1948037
27634880	600	606	plasma	T031	C0032105
27634880	639	646	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27634880	667	696	GαI protein-coupled receptors	T116,T192	C0682972
27634880	711	722	p42/44 MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
27634880	727	740	AKT signaling	T044	C1623484
27634880	751	756	cells	T025	C0007634
27634880	769	791	pro-migratory activity	T052	C0441655
27634880	798	804	plasma	T031	C0032105
27634880	825	846	plasma concentrations	T081	C0683150
27634880	875	880	serum	T031	C0229671
27634880	903	913	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27634880	935	944	chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
27634880	952	962	protein(s)	T116,T123	C0033684
27634880	980	1004	pro-migratory protein(s)	T116,T123	C0033684
27634880	1016	1023	diluted	T169	C1948037
27634880	1024	1030	plasma	T031	C0032105
27634880	1035	1045	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27634880	1056	1061	serum	T031	C0229671
27634880	1076	1090	gel filtration	T059	C0008559
27634880	1095	1133	hydrophobic interaction chromatography	T059	C0008550
27634880	1146	1172	mass spectrometry analysis	T059	C0037813
27634880	1205	1212	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27634880	1252	1260	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27634880	1261	1272	experiments	T062	C0681814
27634880	1293	1313	pro-migratory factor	T123	C0574031
27634880	1314	1324	chaperoned	T116,T123	C0243041
27634880	1328	1338	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27634880	1342	1353	vitronectin	T116,T123	C0055023
27634880	1418	1428	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27634880	1460	1469	mechanism	T044	C0678659
27634880	1478	1488	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27634880	1492	1504	cancer cells	T025	C0597032
27634880	1508	1518	lymphatics	T022	C0024235
27634880	1523	1536	body cavities	T030	C0333343
27634880	1551	1564	concentration	T081	C1264643
27634880	1568	1578	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27634880	1615	1626	vitronectin	T116,T123	C0055023
27634880	1638	1647	migration	T043	C1622501
27634880	1651	1662	tumor cells	T025	C0597032

27634905|t|Association between 8q24 (rs13281615 and rs6983267) polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis involving 117,355 subjects
27634905|a|Published data on the association between 8q24 polymorphism and breast cancer (BC) risk are inconclusive. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between 8q24 (rs13281615 and rs6983267) polymorphism and BC risk. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science and the Cochrane Library up to August 13, 2015 for relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of associations. Twenty-six studies published from 2008 to 2014, with a total of 52,683 cases and 64,672 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results showed that there was significant association between 8q24 rs13281615 polymorphism and BC risk in any genetic model. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the effects remained in Asians and Caucasians. However, no genetic models reached statistical association in Africans. There was no association in any genetic model in rs6983267. This meta-analysis suggests that 8q24 rs13281615 polymorphism is a risk factor for susceptibility to BC in Asians, Caucasians and in overall population, While, there was no association in Africans. The rs6983267 polymorphism has no association with BC risk in any genetic model. Further large scale multicenter epidemiological studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
27634905	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27634905	20	24	8q24	T026	C1515464
27634905	26	36	rs13281615	T086	C0752046
27634905	41	50	rs6983267	T086	C0752046
27634905	52	64	polymorphism	T045	C0032529
27634905	69	82	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27634905	83	97	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27634905	101	114	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27634905	142	156	Published data	T170	C0993637
27634905	164	175	association	T080	C0439849
27634905	184	188	8q24	T026	C1515464
27634905	189	201	polymorphism	T045	C0032529
27634905	206	219	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27634905	221	223	BC	T191	C0678222
27634905	225	229	risk	T078	C0035647
27634905	269	282	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27634905	299	311	relationship	T080	C0439849
27634905	320	324	8q24	T026	C1515464
27634905	326	336	rs13281615	T086	C0752046
27634905	341	350	rs6983267	T086	C0752046
27634905	352	364	polymorphism	T045	C0032529
27634905	369	371	BC	T191	C0678222
27634905	372	376	risk	T078	C0035647
27634905	390	396	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27634905	398	404	EMBASE	T170	C0242356
27634905	406	420	Web of science	T170	C0242356
27634905	429	445	Cochrane Library	T170	C0242356
27634905	481	488	studies	T062	C2603343
27634905	490	501	Odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27634905	503	506	ORs	T081	C0028873
27634905	516	536	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27634905	538	541	CIs	T081	C0009667
27634905	556	564	estimate	T081	C0750572
27634905	569	577	strength	T078	C0808080
27634905	581	593	associations	T080	C0439849
27634905	606	623	studies published	T170	C1704324
27634905	666	671	cases	T169	C0868928
27634905	683	691	controls	T096	C0009932
27634905	715	728	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27634905	741	748	results	T033	C0683954
27634905	771	782	significant	T078	C0750502
27634905	783	794	association	T080	C0439849
27634905	803	831	8q24 rs13281615 polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27634905	836	838	BC	T191	C0678222
27634905	839	843	risk	T078	C0035647
27634905	851	864	genetic model	T170	C0026343
27634905	873	881	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27634905	882	890	analysis	T062	C0936012
27634905	894	903	ethnicity	T080	C0243103
27634905	929	935	Asians	T098	C0078988
27634905	940	950	Caucasians	T098	C0043157
27634905	964	978	genetic models	T170	C0026343
27634905	987	998	statistical	T062	C0871424
27634905	999	1010	association	T080	C0439849
27634905	1014	1022	Africans	T098	C1257890
27634905	1037	1048	association	T080	C0439849
27634905	1056	1069	genetic model	T170	C0026343
27634905	1073	1082	rs6983267	T086	C0752046
27634905	1089	1102	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27634905	1117	1145	8q24 rs13281615 polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27634905	1151	1162	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27634905	1167	1181	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27634905	1185	1187	BC	T191	C0678222
27634905	1191	1197	Asians	T098	C0078988
27634905	1199	1209	Caucasians	T098	C0043157
27634905	1225	1235	population	T098	C1257890
27634905	1254	1256	no	T033	C1513916
27634905	1257	1268	association	T080	C0439849
27634905	1272	1280	Africans	T098	C1257890
27634905	1286	1308	rs6983267 polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27634905	1316	1327	association	T080	C0439849
27634905	1333	1335	BC	T191	C0678222
27634905	1336	1340	risk	T078	C0035647
27634905	1348	1361	genetic model	T170	C0026343
27634905	1395	1418	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
27634905	1449	1456	finding	T033	C0243095

27635073|t|Clinical Experience With the Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
27635073|a|Sudden cardiac death is a major contributor to mortality for adults with congenital heart disease. The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has emerged as a novel tool for prevention of sudden cardiac death, but clinical performance data for adults with congenital heart disease are limited. A retrospective study involving 7 centers over a 5- year period beginning in 2011 was performed. Twenty-one patients (median 33.9 years) were identified. The most common diagnosis was single ventricle physiology (52%), 9 palliated by Fontan operation and 2 by aortopulmonary shunts: d-transposition of the great arteries after Mustard / Senning (n=2), tetralogy of Fallot (n=2), aortic valve disease (n=2), and other biventricular surgery (n=4). A prior cardiac device had been implanted in 7 (33%). The ICD indication was primary prevention in 67% and secondary in 33% patient s. The most common reason for subcutaneous ICD placement was limited transvenous access for ventricular lead placement (n=10) followed by intracardiac right-to-left shunt (n=5). Ventricular arrhythmia was induced in 17 (81%) and was converted with ≤80 Joules in all. There was one implant complication related to infection, not requiring device removal. Over a median follow-up of 14 months, 4 patients (21%) received inappropriate and 1 (5%) patient received appropriate shocks. There was one arrhythmic death related to asystole in a single ventricle patient. Subcutaneous ICD implantation is feasible for adults with congenital heart disease patients. Most candidates have single ventricle heart disease and limited transvenous options for ICD placement. Despite variable anatomy, this study demonstrates successful conversion of induced ventricular arrhythmia and reasonable rhythm discrimination during follow-up.
27635073	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27635073	9	19	Experience	T067	C0023672
27635073	29	80	Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator	T074	C3694431
27635073	84	90	Adults	T100	C0001675
27635073	96	120	Congenital Heart Disease	T019	C0152021
27635073	121	141	Sudden cardiac death	T046	C0085298
27635073	168	177	mortality	T081	C0205848
27635073	182	188	adults	T100	C0001675
27635073	194	218	congenital heart disease	T019	C0152021
27635073	224	236	subcutaneous	T082	C0443315
27635073	237	275	implantable cardioverter-defibrillator	T074	C0162589
27635073	277	280	ICD	T074	C0162589
27635073	299	304	novel	T080	C0205314
27635073	305	309	tool	T073	C0336791
27635073	314	324	prevention	T080	C2700409
27635073	328	348	sudden cardiac death	T046	C0085298
27635073	354	374	clinical performance	T033	C3266594
27635073	375	379	data	T078	C1511726
27635073	384	390	adults	T100	C0001675
27635073	396	420	congenital heart disease	T019	C0152021
27635073	436	455	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27635073	486	490	year	T079	C0439234
27635073	491	497	period	T079	C1948053
27635073	520	529	performed	T169	C0884358
27635073	542	550	patients	T101	C0030705
27635073	552	558	median	T081	C2347635
27635073	564	569	years	T079	C0439234
27635073	604	613	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27635073	618	634	single ventricle	T019	C0152424
27635073	635	645	physiology	T039	C0031843
27635073	655	664	palliated	T061	C1274136
27635073	668	684	Fontan operation	T061	C0190010
27635073	694	715	aortopulmonary shunts	T061	C0397538
27635073	717	754	d-transposition of the great arteries	T019,T047	C1275836
27635073	761	768	Mustard	T061	C1306542
27635073	771	778	Senning	T061	C0339890
27635073	786	805	tetralogy of Fallot	T019	C0039685
27635073	813	833	aortic valve disease	T047	C1260873
27635073	851	864	biventricular	T082	C0699808
27635073	865	872	surgery	T061	C0543467
27635073	888	902	cardiac device	T074	C0018825
27635073	912	921	implanted	T061	C0948629
27635073	938	941	ICD	T074	C0162589
27635073	942	952	indication	T078	C3146298
27635073	957	975	primary prevention	T061	C0033144
27635073	987	996	secondary	T061	C0679699
27635073	1004	1013	patient s	T101	C0030705
27635073	1042	1054	subcutaneous	T082	C0443315
27635073	1055	1058	ICD	T074	C0162589
27635073	1059	1068	placement	T058	C0441587
27635073	1081	1099	transvenous access	T082	C0522521
27635073	1104	1120	ventricular lead	T074	C2825199
27635073	1121	1130	placement	T058	C0441587
27635073	1150	1182	intracardiac right-to-left shunt	T033	C0489644
27635073	1190	1212	Ventricular arrhythmia	T047	C0085612
27635073	1217	1224	induced	T169	C0205263
27635073	1264	1270	Joules	T081	C0439256
27635073	1293	1334	implant complication related to infection	T046	C0085073
27635073	1336	1339	not	T080	C0332288
27635073	1350	1364	device removal	T061	C0752250
27635073	1373	1379	median	T081	C2347635
27635073	1380	1389	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27635073	1396	1402	months	T079	C0439231
27635073	1406	1414	patients	T101	C0030705
27635073	1430	1443	inappropriate	T047	C0340944
27635073	1455	1462	patient	T101	C0030705
27635073	1472	1490	appropriate shocks	T046	C0036984
27635073	1506	1522	arrhythmic death	T033	C3844298
27635073	1534	1542	asystole	T047	C0018790
27635073	1548	1564	single ventricle	T019	C0152424
27635073	1565	1572	patient	T101	C0030705
27635073	1574	1586	Subcutaneous	T082	C0443315
27635073	1587	1590	ICD	T074	C0162589
27635073	1591	1603	implantation	T061	C0021107
27635073	1620	1626	adults	T100	C0001675
27635073	1632	1656	congenital heart disease	T019	C0152021
27635073	1657	1665	patients	T101	C0030705
27635073	1672	1682	candidates	T101	C0030705
27635073	1688	1704	single ventricle	T019	C0152424
27635073	1705	1718	heart disease	T047	C0018799
27635073	1731	1750	transvenous options	T082	C0522521
27635073	1755	1758	ICD	T074	C0162589
27635073	1759	1768	placement	T058	C0441587
27635073	1778	1786	variable	T080	C0439828
27635073	1787	1794	anatomy	T080	C1384516
27635073	1801	1806	study	T062	C2603343
27635073	1820	1830	successful	T080	C1272703
27635073	1831	1841	conversion	T169	C0439836
27635073	1845	1852	induced	T169	C0205263
27635073	1853	1875	ventricular arrhythmia	T047	C0085612
27635073	1880	1890	reasonable	T033	C0184784
27635073	1891	1897	rhythm	T042	C0232187
27635073	1898	1912	discrimination	T042	C0234412
27635073	1920	1929	follow-up	T058	C1522577

27635144|t|Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect of Low Viscosity Chitosan against Staphylococcus epidermidis
27635144|a|Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of low viscosity chitosan on S. epidermidis growth and biofilm formation. Methods and Results. The antibacterial and antibiofilm properties were investigated, during both planktonic growth and biofilm formation. This was performed using different concentrations in media and by coating on polystyrene surfaces. In addition, the bactericidal effect was investigated using a modified direct contact test. The results showed that low viscosity chitosan in media had both a bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on planktonic growth and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis in a concentration dependent manner. Polystyrene discs coated with chitosan reduced both early biofilm formation (6 h) and late biofilm formation (18 h), as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The modified direct contact test showed a bactericidal effect. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that low viscosity chitosan has a bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against S. epidermidis and that the activity is dependent on the amount of chitosan added. In addition, low viscosity chitosan reduced biofilm formation both when added to media and when coated on polystyrene surfaces. Significance and Impact of Study. Low viscosity chitosan could be a contribution to new treatment approaches of biofilm -related infections of S. epidermidis.
27635144	0	13	Antibacterial	T195	C0279516
27635144	18	29	Antibiofilm	T195	C0279516
27635144	40	62	Low Viscosity Chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27635144	71	97	Staphylococcus epidermidis	T007	C0038174
27635144	132	143	investigate	T169	C1292732
27635144	148	161	antibacterial	T195	C0279516
27635144	166	177	antibiofilm	T195	C0279516
27635144	192	214	low viscosity chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27635144	218	232	S. epidermidis	T007	C0038174
27635144	218	239	S. epidermidis growth	T034	C0427944
27635144	244	261	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27635144	288	301	antibacterial	T195	C0279516
27635144	306	317	antibiofilm	T195	C0279516
27635144	334	346	investigated	T169	C1292732
27635144	348	354	during	T079	C0347984
27635144	360	370	planktonic	T007,T204	C0032071
27635144	360	377	planktonic growth	T034	C0427944
27635144	382	399	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27635144	436	459	concentrations in media	T130	C0010454
27635144	478	498	polystyrene surfaces	T109,T122	C0032604
27635144	517	536	bactericidal effect	T039	C0544570
27635144	541	553	investigated	T169	C1292732
27635144	571	590	direct contact test	T059	C0022885
27635144	616	638	low viscosity chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27635144	659	673	bacteriostatic	T121	C0280050
27635144	678	697	bactericidal effect	T039	C0544570
27635144	701	711	planktonic	T007,T204	C0032071
27635144	701	718	planktonic growth	T034	C0427944
27635144	723	740	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27635144	744	758	S. epidermidis	T007	C0038174
27635144	796	813	Polystyrene discs	T109,T122	C0032604
27635144	826	834	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27635144	854	871	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27635144	887	904	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27635144	929	957	scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27635144	972	991	direct contact test	T059	C0022885
27635144	1001	1020	bactericidal effect	T039	C0544570
27635144	1063	1085	low viscosity chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27635144	1067	1076	viscosity	T070	C0042784
27635144	1092	1106	bacteriostatic	T121	C0280050
27635144	1111	1132	bactericidal activity	T039	C0544570
27635144	1141	1155	S. epidermidis	T007	C0038174
27635144	1208	1216	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27635144	1237	1259	low viscosity chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27635144	1260	1267	reduced	T080	C0392756
27635144	1268	1285	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27635144	1330	1350	polystyrene surfaces	T109,T122	C0032604
27635144	1352	1364	Significance	T078	C0750502
27635144	1386	1408	Low viscosity chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27635144	1390	1399	viscosity	T070	C0042784
27635144	1440	1449	treatment	T061	C0087111
27635144	1464	1471	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27635144	1464	1491	biofilm -related infections	T047	C0004623
27635144	1495	1509	S. epidermidis	T007	C0038174

27635325|t|Anxiolytic effects of fluoxetine and nicotine exposure on exploratory behavior in zebrafish
27635325|a|Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a popular model for studying the pharmacology and behavior of anxiety. While there have been numerous studies documenting the anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects of common drugs in zebrafish, many do not report or test for behavioral differences between the sexes. Previous studies have indicated that males and females differ in their baseline level of anxiety. In this study, we test for a sex interaction with fluoxetine and nicotine. We exposed fish to system water (control), 10 mg/L fluoxetine, or 1 mg/L nicotine for three minutes prior to being subjected to four minutes in an open-field drop test. Video recordings were tracked using ProAnalyst. Fish from both drug treatments reduced swimming speed, increased vertical position, and increased use of the top half of the open field when compared with the control, though fluoxetine had a larger effect on depth related behaviors while nicotine mostly affected swimming speed. A significant sex effect was observed where females swam at a slower and more constant speed than males, however neither drug produced a sex - dependent response.
27635325	0	18	Anxiolytic effects	T039	C3179404
27635325	22	32	fluoxetine	T109,T121	C0016365
27635325	37	45	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27635325	58	78	exploratory behavior	T055	C0015328
27635325	82	91	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27635325	92	101	Zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27635325	103	114	Danio rerio	T013	C0043457
27635325	142	147	model	T075	C0026339
27635325	152	160	studying	T062	C2603343
27635325	165	177	pharmacology	T169	C0205464
27635325	182	190	behavior	T053	C0004927
27635325	194	201	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27635325	234	241	studies	T062	C2603343
27635325	258	268	anxiolytic	T039	C3179404
27635325	273	291	anxiogenic effects	T048	C1456290
27635325	302	307	drugs	T121	C0013227
27635325	311	320	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27635325	334	340	report	T170	C0684224
27635325	344	348	test	T169	C0039593
27635325	353	363	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27635325	364	375	differences	T080	C1705242
27635325	388	393	sexes	T032	C0079399
27635325	404	411	studies	T062	C2603343
27635325	432	437	males	T032	C0086582
27635325	442	449	females	T032	C0086287
27635325	466	474	baseline	T081	C1442488
27635325	475	480	level	T080	C0441889
27635325	484	491	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27635325	501	506	study	T062	C2603343
27635325	522	525	sex	T032	C0079399
27635325	526	537	interaction	T169	C1704675
27635325	543	553	fluoxetine	T109,T121	C0016365
27635325	558	566	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27635325	579	583	fish	T013	C0043457
27635325	587	599	system water	T121,T197	C0043047
27635325	601	608	control	T096	C0009932
27635325	619	629	fluoxetine	T109,T121	C0016365
27635325	641	649	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27635325	660	667	minutes	T079	C0439232
27635325	701	708	minutes	T079	C0439232
27635325	715	735	open-field drop test	T059	C0022885
27635325	737	753	Video recordings	T073	C0042650
27635325	773	783	ProAnalyst	T073,T170	C0037585
27635325	785	789	Fish	T013	C0043457
27635325	800	804	drug	T121	C0013227
27635325	805	815	treatments	T169	C1522326
27635325	824	832	swimming	T055	C3549255
27635325	833	838	speed	T081	C0678536
27635325	840	849	increased	T081	C0205217
27635325	850	867	vertical position	T082	C0444402
27635325	894	920	top half of the open field	T082	C1254362
27635325	926	934	compared	T052	C1707455
27635325	944	951	control	T096	C0009932
27635325	960	970	fluoxetine	T109,T121	C0016365
27635325	994	1017	depth related behaviors	T055	C3549255
27635325	1024	1032	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27635325	1049	1057	swimming	T055	C3549255
27635325	1058	1063	speed	T081	C0678536
27635325	1079	1082	sex	T032	C0079399
27635325	1083	1089	effect	T080	C1280500
27635325	1109	1116	females	T032	C0086287
27635325	1117	1121	swam	T055	C3549255
27635325	1143	1151	constant	T080	C1948059
27635325	1152	1157	speed	T081	C0678536
27635325	1163	1168	males	T032	C0086582
27635325	1186	1190	drug	T121	C0013227
27635325	1202	1205	sex	T032	C0079399
27635325	1208	1217	dependent	T169	C3244310
27635325	1218	1226	response	T032	C0871261

27635790|t|miR-34a Inhibits Lung Fibrosis by Inducing Lung Fibroblast Senescence
27635790|a|Cellular senescence has been implicated in diverse pathologies. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the role of this process in tissue fibrosis. Although dysregulation of microRNAs is a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, it is unclear whether microRNAs function by regulating cellular senescence in the disease. In this study, we found that miR-34a demonstrated greater expression in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and in mice with experimental pulmonary fibrosis, with its primary localization in lung fibroblasts. More importantly, miR-34a was up-regulated significantly in both human and mouse lung myofibroblasts. We found that mice with miR-34a ablation developed more severe pulmonary fibrosis than did wild-type animals after fibrotic lung injury. Mechanistically, we found that miR-34a induced a senescent phenotype in lung fibroblasts because this microRNA increased senescence -associated β-galactosidase activity, enhanced expression of senescence markers, and decreased cell proliferative capacities. Consistently, we found that primary lung fibroblasts from fibrotic lungs of miR-34a - deficient mice had a diminished senescent phenotype and enhanced resistance to apoptosis as compared with those from wild-type animals. We also identified multiple miR-34a targets that likely mediated its activities in inducing senescence in lung fibroblasts. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR-34a functions through a negative feedback mechanism to restrain fibrotic response in the lungs by promoting senescence of pulmonary fibroblasts.
27635790	0	7	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
27635790	8	16	Inhibits	T052	C3463820
27635790	17	30	Lung Fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27635790	34	42	Inducing	T169	C0205263
27635790	43	47	Lung	T023	C0024109
27635790	48	69	Fibroblast Senescence	T043	C0007581
27635790	70	89	Cellular senescence	T043	C0007581
27635790	121	132	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27635790	164	172	evidence	T078	C3887511
27635790	200	207	process	T067	C1522240
27635790	211	226	tissue fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27635790	254	263	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27635790	273	282	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27635790	290	302	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27635790	306	319	lung fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27635790	343	352	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27635790	353	361	function	T169	C0542341
27635790	365	375	regulating	T038	C1327622
27635790	376	395	cellular senescence	T043	C0007581
27635790	403	410	disease	T047	C0012634
27635790	420	425	study	T062	C2603343
27635790	441	448	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
27635790	470	480	expression	T045	C0017262
27635790	488	493	lungs	T023	C0024109
27635790	497	505	patients	T101	C0030705
27635790	511	540	idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	T047	C1800706
27635790	548	552	mice	T015	C0025929
27635790	571	589	pulmonary fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27635790	608	620	localization	T169	C0475264
27635790	624	628	lung	T023	C0024109
27635790	629	640	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27635790	660	667	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
27635790	672	684	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27635790	707	712	human	T016	C0086418
27635790	717	722	mouse	T015	C0025929
27635790	723	727	lung	T023	C0024109
27635790	728	742	myofibroblasts	T025	C0225360
27635790	758	762	mice	T015	C0025929
27635790	768	775	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
27635790	776	784	ablation	T061	C0547070
27635790	807	825	pulmonary fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27635790	835	852	wild-type animals	T008	C0003062
27635790	859	867	fibrotic	T169	C0334129
27635790	868	879	lung injury	T037	C0273115
27635790	912	919	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
27635790	920	927	induced	T169	C0205263
27635790	930	939	senescent	T043	C2265405
27635790	940	949	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27635790	953	957	lung	T023	C0024109
27635790	958	969	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27635790	983	991	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27635790	1002	1012	senescence	T043	C0007581
27635790	1025	1049	β-galactosidase activity	T044	C1150053
27635790	1060	1070	expression	T061	C0185117
27635790	1074	1084	senescence	T043	C0007581
27635790	1085	1092	markers	T201	C0005516
27635790	1108	1126	cell proliferative	T043	C0596290
27635790	1175	1179	lung	T023	C0024109
27635790	1180	1191	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27635790	1197	1205	fibrotic	T169	C0334129
27635790	1206	1211	lungs	T023	C0024109
27635790	1215	1222	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
27635790	1225	1234	deficient	T169	C0011155
27635790	1235	1239	mice	T015	C0025929
27635790	1246	1256	diminished	T081	C0205216
27635790	1257	1266	senescent	T043	C2265405
27635790	1267	1276	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27635790	1281	1289	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27635790	1290	1300	resistance	T169	C4281815
27635790	1304	1313	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27635790	1342	1359	wild-type animals	T008	C0003062
27635790	1389	1396	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
27635790	1397	1404	targets	T169	C1521840
27635790	1430	1440	activities	T052	C0441655
27635790	1444	1452	inducing	T169	C0205263
27635790	1453	1463	senescence	T043	C0007581
27635790	1467	1471	lung	T023	C0024109
27635790	1472	1483	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27635790	1522	1529	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
27635790	1590	1598	fibrotic	T169	C0334129
27635790	1599	1607	response	T032	C0871261
27635790	1615	1620	lungs	T023	C0024109
27635790	1624	1633	promoting	T052	C0033414
27635790	1634	1644	senescence	T043	C0007581
27635790	1648	1657	pulmonary	T080	C2709248
27635790	1658	1669	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030

27636378|t|Development and initial validation of the Respirator Comfort, Wearing Experience, and Function Instrument [R-COMFI
27636378|a|Filtering face-piece respirators (FFRs) are worn to protect health care personnel from airborne particles; however, clinical studies have demonstrated that FFR adherence is relatively low in some settings, in part, due to discomfort and intolerance. The objective of this study was to develop and initially evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument designed to measure the comfort and tolerability of FFRs. Instrument items were developed through literature reviews, focus groups, and several iterations of ranking and refining by experts. Psychometric evaluation of the instrument was conducted using Rasch partial credit model (PCM) analysis. Pivot anchoring was used to specify the threshold defining item difficulty; in our analyses, this was the point that participants moved from possessing none of the trait to some of the trait. The final instrument was completed by 165 health care personnel from 3 Veterans Health Administration facilities, and data were analyzed using Rasch PCM. Seven items were removed because they: (1) violated the assumption of independence; (2) were mis-fitting; and/or (3) were deemed not relevant. Category function analysis demonstrated that all categories progressed monotonically. Principal components analysis demonstrated the existence of three subscales (Discomfort, General Wearing Experience, and Function). Final reliability analyses showed that the scale had moderate to high person reliability and high item reliability. The final instrument contained 21 items. Until now, to our knowledge no instrument with evidence supporting its reliability and validity to assess discomfort and tolerance of FFRs among health care personnel has been published. A 21-item psychometrically sound measure of comfort and tolerability of FFRs, Respirator Comfort, Wearing Experience, and Function Instrument (R-COMFI), was developed. The significance of developing such an instrument is that it will help identify respirators that are likely to have better adherence in practice settings. The R-COMFI may be used within and beyond the VA healthcare system as a psychometrically sound instrument to evaluate the comfort and tolerability of respirators, including developmental prototypes.
27636378	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
27636378	16	23	initial	T079	C0205265
27636378	24	34	validation	T062	C1519941
27636378	42	52	Respirator	T074	C3824912
27636378	53	60	Comfort	T041	C1331418
27636378	62	80	Wearing Experience	T041	C0596545
27636378	86	94	Function	T169	C0542341
27636378	95	105	Instrument	T074	C0348000
27636378	107	114	R-COMFI	T074	C0348000
27636378	115	147	Filtering face-piece respirators	T074	C3824912
27636378	149	153	FFRs	T074	C3824912
27636378	167	174	protect	T033	C1545588
27636378	175	196	health care personnel	T097	C0018724
27636378	202	220	airborne particles	T131	C1510837
27636378	231	247	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27636378	271	274	FFR	T074	C3824912
27636378	275	284	adherence	T169	C1510802
27636378	299	302	low	T080	C0205251
27636378	324	328	part	T082	C0449719
27636378	337	347	discomfort	T184	C2364135
27636378	352	363	intolerance	T040	C0231199
27636378	369	378	objective	T170	C0018017
27636378	387	392	study	T062	C0681814
27636378	412	421	initially	T079	C0205265
27636378	422	430	evaluate	T052	C1516048
27636378	435	458	psychometric properties	T080	C0871161
27636378	465	475	instrument	T074	C0348000
27636378	476	484	designed	T057	C0014677
27636378	488	495	measure	T081	C0079809
27636378	500	507	comfort	T041	C1331418
27636378	512	524	tolerability	T080	C4053931
27636378	528	532	FFRs	T074	C3824912
27636378	534	544	Instrument	T074	C0348000
27636378	574	592	literature reviews	T170	C0282441
27636378	594	606	focus groups	T096	C0016400
27636378	612	619	several	T081	C0443302
27636378	620	630	iterations	T033	C1854293
27636378	634	641	ranking	T170	C0699794
27636378	658	665	experts	T097	C0009817
27636378	667	690	Psychometric evaluation	T060	C0033920
27636378	698	708	instrument	T074	C0348000
27636378	729	755	Rasch partial credit model	T170	C3161035
27636378	757	760	PCM	T170	C3161035
27636378	762	770	analysis	T062	C0936012
27636378	772	787	Pivot anchoring	T170	C0282574
27636378	812	821	threshold	T080	C0449864
27636378	836	846	difficulty	T080	C0332218
27636378	855	863	analyses	T062	C0936012
27636378	878	883	point	T081	C1552961
27636378	889	901	participants	T098	C0679646
27636378	913	923	possessing	T078	C3154893
27636378	936	941	trait	T032	C0599883
27636378	957	962	trait	T032	C0599883
27636378	968	973	final	T079	C3853528
27636378	974	984	instrument	T074	C0348000
27636378	989	998	completed	T080	C0205197
27636378	1006	1027	health care personnel	T097	C0018724
27636378	1035	1043	Veterans	T098	C0042610
27636378	1044	1076	Health Administration facilities	T058	C2936317
27636378	1082	1086	data	T078	C1511726
27636378	1092	1100	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27636378	1107	1116	Rasch PCM	T170	C3161035
27636378	1135	1142	removed	T080	C0849355
27636378	1161	1200	violated the assumption of independence	T080	C0205556
27636378	1211	1222	mis-fitting	T080	C0205556
27636378	1247	1259	not relevant	T080	C2347946
27636378	1261	1269	Category	T170	C0683312
27636378	1270	1278	function	T169	C0542341
27636378	1279	1287	analysis	T062	C0936012
27636378	1310	1320	categories	T170	C0683312
27636378	1321	1331	progressed	T169	C1272688
27636378	1332	1345	monotonically	T080	C0205556
27636378	1347	1376	Principal components analysis	T081	C0429865
27636378	1394	1403	existence	T081	C1547035
27636378	1413	1422	subscales	T081	C0392762
27636378	1424	1434	Discomfort	T184	C2364135
27636378	1444	1462	Wearing Experience	T041	C0596545
27636378	1468	1476	Function	T169	C0542341
27636378	1479	1484	Final	T079	C3853528
27636378	1485	1496	reliability	T081	C2347947
27636378	1497	1505	analyses	T062	C0936012
27636378	1522	1527	scale	T081	C0392762
27636378	1532	1540	moderate	T080	C0205081
27636378	1544	1567	high person reliability	T081	C2347947
27636378	1582	1593	reliability	T081	C2347947
27636378	1605	1615	instrument	T074	C0348000
27636378	1616	1625	contained	T169	C0332256
27636378	1654	1663	knowledge	T041	C0162340
27636378	1667	1677	instrument	T074	C0348000
27636378	1683	1691	evidence	T078	C3887511
27636378	1707	1731	reliability and validity	T080	C0035036
27636378	1735	1741	assess	T052	C1516048
27636378	1742	1752	discomfort	T184	C2364135
27636378	1757	1766	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27636378	1770	1774	FFRs	T074	C3824912
27636378	1781	1802	health care personnel	T097	C0018724
27636378	1812	1821	published	T057	C0034037
27636378	1833	1863	psychometrically sound measure	T081	C0079809
27636378	1867	1874	comfort	T041	C1331418
27636378	1879	1891	tolerability	T080	C4053931
27636378	1895	1899	FFRs	T074	C3824912
27636378	1901	1911	Respirator	T074	C3824912
27636378	1912	1919	Comfort	T041	C1331418
27636378	1921	1939	Wearing Experience	T041	C0596545
27636378	1945	1953	Function	T169	C0542341
27636378	1954	1964	Instrument	T074	C0348000
27636378	1966	1973	R-COMFI	T074	C0348000
27636378	1995	2007	significance	T078	C0750502
27636378	2030	2040	instrument	T074	C0348000
27636378	2071	2082	respirators	T074	C3824912
27636378	2114	2123	adherence	T169	C1510802
27636378	2127	2135	practice	T041	C0032893
27636378	2150	2157	R-COMFI	T074	C0348000
27636378	2170	2176	within	T082	C0332285
27636378	2192	2212	VA healthcare system	T093	C0018696
27636378	2218	2251	psychometrically sound instrument	T074	C0348000
27636378	2255	2263	evaluate	T052	C1516048
27636378	2268	2275	comfort	T041	C1331418
27636378	2280	2292	tolerability	T080	C4053931
27636378	2296	2307	respirators	T074	C3824912
27636378	2319	2332	developmental	T080	C0458003

27636509|t|Interaction of multiple gene variants and their effects on schizophrenia phenotypes
27636509|a|Schizophrenia is a clinically heterogeneous disorder and may be explained by its complex genetic architecture. Many schizophrenia susceptibility genes were identified but the picture remains unclear due to inconsistent or contradictory genetic association studies. This confusion may, in part, be because symptoms result from the combined interaction of many genes and these interacting genes are associated with specific sub-phenotypes of schizophrenia rather than schizophrenia as a whole. This study investigates the relationship between schizophrenia susceptibility genes and schizophrenia sub-phenotypes by identifying multiple gene variant interactions. Fifty SNPs from 21 genes were genotyped in 235 Australian participants with schizophrenia screened for various phenotypes. Schizophrenia participants were grouped into relevant phenotype clusters using cluster analysis and normalized phenotype cluster scores were calculated for each patient. The relationship between genotypes and normalized phenotype cluster scores were analyzed by linear regression analysis. Three phenotype clusters were identified. There was some overlap in symptoms between phenotype clusters, particularly for depression. However, cluster 1 appears to be characterized by speech disorder and affective behavior symptoms, cluster 2 has predominantly hallucination symptoms and cluster 3 has mainly delusion symptoms. Interaction of five SNPs was found to have an effect on cluster 1 symptoms; ten SNPs on cluster 2 symptoms; and eight SNPs on cluster 3 symptoms. The interaction of specific susceptibility genes is likely to lead to specific clinical sub-phenotypes of schizophrenia. Larger patient cohorts with more extensive clinical data will improve the detection of gene interactions and the resultant schizophrenia clinical phenotypes.
27636509	0	11	Interaction	T169	C1704675
27636509	15	23	multiple	T081	C0439064
27636509	24	37	gene variants	T028	C0678941
27636509	48	55	effects	T080	C1280500
27636509	59	72	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	73	83	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27636509	84	97	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	103	113	clinically	T080	C0205210
27636509	114	136	heterogeneous disorder	T033	C1858576
27636509	173	193	genetic architecture	T169	C0314603
27636509	200	213	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	214	228	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27636509	229	234	genes	T028	C0017337
27636509	240	250	identified	T080	C0205396
27636509	290	302	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27636509	306	319	contradictory	T080	C0205556
27636509	320	347	genetic association studies	T063	C2717878
27636509	389	397	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27636509	423	434	interaction	T169	C1704675
27636509	443	448	genes	T028	C0017337
27636509	459	470	interacting	T169	C1704675
27636509	471	476	genes	T028	C0017337
27636509	481	496	associated with	T080	C0332281
27636509	497	505	specific	T080	C0205369
27636509	506	520	sub-phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27636509	524	537	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	550	563	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	587	599	investigates	T169	C1292732
27636509	604	616	relationship	T080	C0439849
27636509	625	638	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	639	653	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27636509	654	659	genes	T028	C0017337
27636509	664	677	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	678	692	sub-phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27636509	696	707	identifying	T080	C0205396
27636509	708	716	multiple	T081	C0439064
27636509	717	729	gene variant	T028	C0678941
27636509	730	742	interactions	T169	C1704675
27636509	750	754	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27636509	763	768	genes	T028	C0017337
27636509	774	783	genotyped	T059,T063	C3178894
27636509	791	801	Australian	T098	C0238711
27636509	802	814	participants	T098	C0679646
27636509	820	833	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	834	842	screened	T058	C0220908
27636509	855	865	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27636509	867	880	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	881	893	participants	T098	C0679646
27636509	912	920	relevant	T080	C2347946
27636509	921	930	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27636509	931	939	clusters	T081	C1704332
27636509	946	962	cluster analysis	T062	C0009085
27636509	967	977	normalized	T062	C1882115
27636509	978	987	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27636509	988	995	cluster	T081	C1704332
27636509	996	1002	scores	T081	C0449820
27636509	1028	1035	patient	T101	C0030705
27636509	1041	1053	relationship	T080	C0439849
27636509	1062	1071	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27636509	1076	1086	normalized	T062	C1882115
27636509	1087	1096	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27636509	1097	1104	cluster	T081	C1704332
27636509	1105	1111	scores	T081	C0449820
27636509	1129	1155	linear regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27636509	1163	1172	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27636509	1173	1181	clusters	T081	C1704332
27636509	1187	1197	identified	T080	C0205396
27636509	1225	1233	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27636509	1242	1251	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27636509	1252	1260	clusters	T081	C1704332
27636509	1279	1289	depression	T048	C0011570
27636509	1300	1309	cluster 1	T081	C1704332
27636509	1341	1356	speech disorder	T047	C0037822
27636509	1371	1388	behavior symptoms	T184	C2039359
27636509	1390	1399	cluster 2	T081	C1704332
27636509	1418	1431	hallucination	T048	C0018524
27636509	1432	1440	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27636509	1445	1454	cluster 3	T081	C1704332
27636509	1466	1474	delusion	T048	C0011253
27636509	1475	1483	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27636509	1485	1496	Interaction	T169	C1704675
27636509	1505	1509	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27636509	1541	1550	cluster 1	T081	C1704332
27636509	1551	1559	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27636509	1565	1569	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27636509	1573	1582	cluster 2	T081	C1704332
27636509	1583	1591	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27636509	1603	1607	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27636509	1611	1620	cluster 3	T081	C1704332
27636509	1621	1629	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27636509	1635	1646	interaction	T169	C1704675
27636509	1650	1658	specific	T080	C0205369
27636509	1659	1673	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27636509	1674	1679	genes	T028	C0017337
27636509	1701	1709	specific	T080	C0205369
27636509	1710	1718	clinical	T080	C0205210
27636509	1719	1733	sub-phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27636509	1737	1750	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	1759	1766	patient	T101	C0030705
27636509	1767	1774	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27636509	1795	1803	clinical	T080	C0205210
27636509	1804	1808	data	T078	C1511726
27636509	1826	1835	detection	T033	C0442726
27636509	1839	1856	gene interactions	T045	C0596610
27636509	1875	1888	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27636509	1889	1897	clinical	T080	C0205210
27636509	1898	1908	phenotypes	T032	C0031437

27636558|t|Contrasting effects of intra - and interspecific identity and richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi on host plants, nutrient retention and multifunctionality
27636558|a|A major gap in our understanding of biodiversity - ecosystem function relationships concerns the role of intra - and interspecific diversity of mycorrhizal fungi, which are critical for plant fitness, biogeochemical cycling and other processes. Here, we test the hypothesis that the identity and richness of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi at the intra- and interspecific levels affect ecosystem multifunctionality by regulating plant and fungal productivity, soil CO2 efflux and nutrient retention. Microcosms containing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings colonized by different ECM fungal isolates, in monocultures and mixtures, enabled us to test for both intra- and interspecific identity and richness effects, and transgressive overyielding. Intra- and interspecific identity had modest but significant effects on plant and fungal productivity and nutrient retention, but no effect on CO2 efflux. Intraspecific richness increased plant root productivity and ECM root tips but decreased hyphal length, whereas interspecific richness had no effects. Interspecific mixtures outperformed the most productive monocultures in only 10% of the cases, compared with 42% for the intraspecific mixtures. Both intra - and interspecific identity and richness of ECM fungi regulate ecosystem multifunctionality, but their effects on the direction and magnitude of individual variables differ. Transgressive overyielding suggests that positive niche complementarity effects are driving some of the responses to intraspecific richness.
27636558	0	11	Contrasting	T080	C1979874
27636558	12	19	effects	T080	C1280500
27636558	23	28	intra	T185	C1705920
27636558	35	48	interspecific	T185	C1705920
27636558	49	57	identity	T078	C0017390
27636558	62	70	richness	T080	C2346714
27636558	74	95	ectomycorrhizal fungi	T004	C1136245
27636558	99	110	host plants	UnknownType	C0868970
27636558	112	120	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27636558	121	130	retention	T169	C0333117
27636558	135	153	multifunctionality	T080	C0205556
27636558	156	161	major	T080	C0205164
27636558	173	186	understanding	T041	C0162340
27636558	190	202	biodiversity	T080	C0282469
27636558	205	214	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
27636558	215	223	function	T169	C0542341
27636558	224	237	relationships	T080	C0439849
27636558	238	246	concerns	T078	C2699424
27636558	259	264	intra	T080	C1880371
27636558	271	294	interspecific diversity	T080	C1880371
27636558	298	315	mycorrhizal fungi	T004	C1947924
27636558	327	335	critical	T080	C1511545
27636558	340	345	plant	T002	C0032098
27636558	355	377	biogeochemical cycling	T079	C1511572
27636558	388	397	processes	T067	C1522240
27636558	408	412	test	T169	C0039593
27636558	417	427	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27636558	437	445	identity	T078	C0017390
27636558	462	477	ectomycorrhizal	T004	C1136245
27636558	479	482	ECM	T004	C1136245
27636558	484	489	fungi	T004	C0016832
27636558	522	528	levels	T080	C0441889
27636558	529	535	affect	T169	C0392760
27636558	536	545	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
27636558	546	564	multifunctionality	T080	C0205556
27636558	568	578	regulating	T038	C1327622
27636558	579	584	plant	T002	C0032098
27636558	589	595	fungal	T004	C0016832
27636558	596	608	productivity	T081	C0033269
27636558	610	614	soil	T167	C0037592
27636558	615	618	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27636558	619	625	efflux	T070	C2348693
27636558	630	638	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27636558	639	648	retention	T169	C0333117
27636558	650	660	Microcosms	T082	C4072789
27636558	661	671	containing	T052	C2700400
27636558	672	682	Scots pine	T002	C0996613
27636558	684	700	Pinus sylvestris	T002	C0996613
27636558	702	711	seedlings	T002	C0242437
27636558	712	721	colonized	T033	C4289767
27636558	725	734	different	T080	C1705242
27636558	735	738	ECM	T004	C1136245
27636558	739	745	fungal	T004	C0016832
27636558	746	754	isolates	T123	C1764827
27636558	759	771	monocultures	T059	C2242979
27636558	776	784	mixtures	T059	C2242979
27636558	786	793	enabled	T041	C0562342
27636558	800	804	test	T169	C0039593
27636558	839	847	identity	T078	C0017390
27636558	861	868	effects	T080	C1280500
27636558	927	935	identity	T078	C0017390
27636558	963	970	effects	T080	C1280500
27636558	974	979	plant	T002	C0032098
27636558	984	990	fungal	T004	C0016832
27636558	991	1003	productivity	T081	C0033269
27636558	1008	1016	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27636558	1017	1026	retention	T169	C0333117
27636558	1032	1041	no effect	T080	C1301751
27636558	1045	1048	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27636558	1049	1055	efflux	T070	C2348693
27636558	1057	1079	Intraspecific richness	T080	C2346714
27636558	1080	1089	increased	T081	C0205217
27636558	1090	1100	plant root	T002	C0242726
27636558	1101	1113	productivity	T081	C0033269
27636558	1118	1121	ECM	T004	C1136245
27636558	1122	1131	root tips	T002	C1136059
27636558	1136	1145	decreased	T081	C0205216
27636558	1146	1152	hyphal	T004	C0521057
27636558	1153	1159	length	T081	C1444754
27636558	1169	1191	interspecific richness	T080	C2346714
27636558	1196	1206	no effects	T080	C1301751
27636558	1208	1230	Interspecific mixtures	T185	C1705920
27636558	1231	1243	outperformed	T080	C0332272
27636558	1253	1263	productive	T080	C3827682
27636558	1264	1276	monocultures	T059	C2242979
27636558	1296	1301	cases	T169	C0868928
27636558	1303	1311	compared	T052	C1707455
27636558	1329	1351	intraspecific mixtures	T185	C1705920
27636558	1358	1363	intra	T185	C1705920
27636558	1370	1383	interspecific	T185	C1705920
27636558	1384	1392	identity	T078	C0017390
27636558	1397	1405	richness	T080	C2346714
27636558	1409	1412	ECM	T004	C1136245
27636558	1413	1418	fungi	T004	C0016832
27636558	1419	1427	regulate	T038	C1327622
27636558	1428	1437	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
27636558	1438	1456	multifunctionality	T080	C0205556
27636558	1468	1475	effects	T080	C1280500
27636558	1483	1492	direction	T082	C0449738
27636558	1497	1506	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27636558	1510	1530	individual variables	UnknownType	C0814885
27636558	1566	1574	suggests	T078	C1705535
27636558	1580	1588	positive	T033	C1446409
27636558	1611	1618	effects	T080	C1280500
27636558	1643	1652	responses	T032	C0871261
27636558	1656	1678	intraspecific richness	T080	C2346714

27636763|t|Clinical-microbiological research of action ozone therapy and light-emetting diode radiation of red range (630 nanometers) on microflora of the hole extracted toothatalveolitis and limited osteomyelitis of jaws
27636763|a|As a result of cliniko-microbiological research the data testifying to substantial improvement of efficiency of antimicrobictherape at inclusion in a complex of medical actions at alveolitis and the limited osteomyelitis of a jow ozone therapy in a combination with a light-emettinf diode irradiation of the hole extracted teeth red (630 nanometers) are obtained by light.
27636763	0	33	Clinical-microbiological research	T062	C0035168
27636763	37	57	action ozone therapy	T061	C0087111
27636763	62	82	light-emetting diode	T073	C1708698
27636763	83	92	radiation	T070	C0851346
27636763	96	105	red range	T081	C0449819
27636763	107	121	630 nanometers	T081	C0449819
27636763	126	136	microflora	T001	C4084880
27636763	144	158	hole extracted	T061	C0040440
27636763	159	176	toothatalveolitis	T047	C0549493
27636763	181	202	limited osteomyelitis	T047	C0029443
27636763	206	210	jaws	T023	C0022359
27636763	226	258	cliniko-microbiological research	T062	C0035168
27636763	263	267	data	T078	C1511726
27636763	294	305	improvement	T077	C2986411
27636763	309	319	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27636763	323	342	antimicrobictherape	T061	C0087111

27637516|t|DNA methylation detection at single base resolution using targeted next generation bisulfite sequencing and cross validation using capillary sequencing
27637516|a|With a purpose of accurate and simultaneous determination of DNA methylation from multiple loci in multiple samples, here, we are demonstrating a method to aid rapid DNA methylation detection of genomic sequences. Using genomic DNA of peripheral blood from 14 healthy individuals, DNA methylation in 465 CpG sites from 12 loci of genes (ADAM22, ATF2, BCR, CD83, CREBBP, IL12B, IL17RA, MAP2K2, RBM38, TGFBR2, TGFBR3, and WNT5A) was analysed by targeted next generation bisulfite sequencing. Analysed region for three genes, BCR, IL17RA and RBM38 showed an absolute mean DNA methylation of 25.6%, 89.2% and 38.9% respectively. Other nine gene loci were unmethylated and exhibited <10% absolute mean DNA methylation. Two genes, IL17RA and RBM38 were technically validated using direct capillary sequencing and results were comparable with positive correlation (P=0.0088 & P<0.0001 respectively) in the CpG sites for DNA methylation. All CpG sites analysed from RBM38 genes locus displayed 95% limits of agreement for DNA methylation measurements from the two methods. The present approach provides a fast and reliable DNA methylation quantitative data at single base resolution with good coverage of the CpG sites under analysis in multiple loci and samples simultaneously. Use of targeted next generation bisulfite sequencing may provide an opportunity to explore genes in the discovery panel for biomarker identification and facilitate functional validation.
27637516	0	15	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27637516	29	40	single base	T086	C0314659
27637516	41	51	resolution	T034	C0234693
27637516	67	103	next generation bisulfite sequencing	T063	C3831347
27637516	108	124	cross validation	T062	C0681935
27637516	131	151	capillary sequencing	T063	C3899368
27637516	170	178	accurate	T080	C0443131
27637516	183	195	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27637516	196	209	determination	T059	C1148554
27637516	213	228	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27637516	234	242	multiple	T081	C0439064
27637516	243	247	loci	T028	C0678933
27637516	251	259	multiple	T081	C0439064
27637516	260	267	samples	T026	C0444241
27637516	298	304	method	T170	C0025663
27637516	318	333	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27637516	347	354	genomic	T028	C0017428
27637516	355	364	sequences	T086	C0162326
27637516	372	383	genomic DNA	T114	C3272453
27637516	387	403	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27637516	412	419	healthy	T080	C3898900
27637516	420	431	individuals	T098	C0027361
27637516	433	448	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27637516	456	465	CpG sites	T114,T123	C0282523
27637516	474	487	loci of genes	T028	C0678933
27637516	489	495	ADAM22	T028	C1412192
27637516	497	501	ATF2	T028	C1332119
27637516	503	506	BCR	T028	C0812385
27637516	508	512	CD83	T028	C1413241
27637516	514	520	CREBBP	T028	C1337090
27637516	522	527	IL12B	T028	C1334102
27637516	529	535	IL17RA	T028	C1825593
27637516	537	543	MAP2K2	T028	C1456385
27637516	545	550	RBM38	T028	C1826780
27637516	552	558	TGFBR2	T028	C0919538
27637516	560	566	TGFBR3	T028	C1336625
27637516	572	577	WNT5A	T028	C0812229
27637516	583	591	analysed	T062	C0936012
27637516	583	591	analysed	T062	C0936012
27637516	604	640	next generation bisulfite sequencing	T063	C3831347
27637516	642	650	Analysed	T062	C0936012
27637516	651	657	region	T082	C1254362
27637516	668	673	genes	T028	C0017337
27637516	675	678	BCR	T028	C0812385
27637516	680	686	IL17RA	T028	C1825593
27637516	691	696	RBM38	T028	C1826780
27637516	707	715	absolute	T080	C0205344
27637516	721	736	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27637516	788	797	gene loci	T028	C0678933
27637516	803	815	unmethylated	T033	C0243095
27637516	849	864	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27637516	870	875	genes	T028	C0017337
27637516	877	883	IL17RA	T028	C1825593
27637516	888	893	RBM38	T028	C1826780
27637516	899	920	technically validated	T062	C1519941
27637516	927	954	direct capillary sequencing	T063	C3899368
27637516	959	966	results	T169	C1274040
27637516	988	996	positive	T033	C1446409
27637516	997	1008	correlation	T080	C1707520
27637516	1051	1060	CpG sites	T114,T123	C0282523
27637516	1065	1080	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27637516	1086	1095	CpG sites	T114,T123	C0282523
27637516	1096	1104	analysed	T062	C0936012
27637516	1110	1115	RBM38	T028	C1826780
27637516	1116	1121	genes	T028	C0017337
27637516	1122	1127	locus	T082	C1708726
27637516	1166	1181	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27637516	1182	1194	measurements	T169	C0242485
27637516	1208	1215	methods	T169	C0449851
27637516	1238	1246	provides	T052	C1999230
27637516	1249	1253	fast	T080	C0456962
27637516	1258	1266	reliable	T170	C3858758
27637516	1267	1282	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27637516	1283	1295	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27637516	1296	1300	data	T078	C1511726
27637516	1304	1315	single base	T086	C0314659
27637516	1316	1326	resolution	T034	C0234693
27637516	1337	1345	coverage	T169	C1999244
27637516	1353	1362	CpG sites	T114,T123	C0282523
27637516	1381	1389	multiple	T081	C0439064
27637516	1390	1394	loci	T028	C0678933
27637516	1399	1406	samples	T026	C0444241
27637516	1407	1421	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27637516	1439	1475	next generation bisulfite sequencing	T063	C3831347
27637516	1514	1519	genes	T028	C0017337
27637516	1547	1556	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27637516	1557	1571	identification	T080	C0205396
27637516	1587	1597	functional	T169	C0205245
27637516	1598	1608	validation	T062	C1519941

27637575|t|Macrophages modulate the growth and differentiation of rhesus monkey embryonic trophoblasts
27637575|a|Immune cells within the endometrium at implantation are thought to play an important role in implantation, although their exact role is not well understood. A co-culture system of rhesus monkey embryos and maternal immune cells was established. Blastocysts obtained by in vitro fertilization were co-cultured with peripheral blood cells or decidual macrophages. Culture media were collected to assess secretions. Embryo growth was monitored, and trophoblasts were evaluated for proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Embryonic trophoblast outgrowths were visible within 6 days of culture, and the area of embryo outgrowth was reduced when blastocysts were cultured with peripheral - derived or decidual macrophages. Trophoblast proliferation was not significantly affected with macrophage co-culture while chorionic gonadotropin secretion was increased. Trophoblast expression of CDH 11 and GJA1 was increased, suggesting that macrophages accelerate differentiation of peri-implantation trophoblasts. These results indicate an important role of macrophages in placentation and pregnancy success.
27637575	0	11	Macrophages	T025	C0024432
27637575	25	31	growth	T040	C0018270
27637575	36	51	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27637575	55	68	rhesus monkey	T015	C0024400
27637575	69	78	embryonic	T018	C0013935
27637575	79	91	trophoblasts	T018	C0041178
27637575	92	104	Immune cells	T025	C0312740
27637575	116	127	endometrium	T023	C0014180
27637575	131	143	implantation	T061	C0021107
27637575	167	176	important	T080	C3898777
27637575	177	181	role	T077	C1705810
27637575	185	197	implantation	T061	C0021107
27637575	251	268	co-culture system	T059	C0282547
27637575	272	285	rhesus monkey	T015	C0024400
27637575	286	293	embryos	T018	C0013935
27637575	298	319	maternal immune cells	T025	C0312740
27637575	324	335	established	T080	C0443211
27637575	337	348	Blastocysts	T018	C1281743
27637575	361	383	in vitro fertilization	T061	C0015915
27637575	389	400	co-cultured	T059	C0282547
27637575	406	428	peripheral blood cells	T025	C0005773
27637575	432	440	decidual	T029	C0521453
27637575	441	452	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27637575	454	467	Culture media	T130	C0010454
27637575	473	482	collected	T169	C1516698
27637575	493	503	secretions	T038	C0036536
27637575	505	511	Embryo	T018	C0013935
27637575	512	518	growth	T040	C0018270
27637575	523	532	monitored	T169	C0205245
27637575	538	550	trophoblasts	T018	C0041178
27637575	570	583	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27637575	585	594	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27637575	600	615	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27637575	617	626	Embryonic	T018	C0013935
27637575	627	638	trophoblast	T018	C0041178
27637575	639	649	outgrowths	T043	C0007595
27637575	655	662	visible	T080	C0205379
27637575	672	676	days	T079	C0439228
27637575	680	687	culture	T059	C0007585
27637575	697	701	area	T082	C0205146
27637575	705	711	embryo	T018	C0013935
27637575	712	721	outgrowth	T040	C0018270
27637575	726	733	reduced	T080	C0392756
27637575	739	750	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
27637575	756	764	cultured	T059	C0007585
27637575	770	780	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27637575	783	790	derived	T080	C1441547
27637575	794	802	decidual	T029	C0521453
27637575	803	814	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27637575	816	827	Trophoblast	T018	C0041178
27637575	828	841	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27637575	846	863	not significantly	T033	C1273937
27637575	864	872	affected	T080	C1280500
27637575	878	888	macrophage	T025	C0024432
27637575	889	899	co-culture	T059	C0282547
27637575	906	928	chorionic gonadotropin	T116,T121,T125	C0018062
27637575	929	938	secretion	T042	C0312431
27637575	943	952	increased	T081	C0205217
27637575	954	965	Trophoblast	T018	C0041178
27637575	966	976	expression	T045	C1171362
27637575	980	986	CDH 11	T116,T123	C0033684
27637575	991	995	GJA1	T116,T123	C0033684
27637575	1000	1009	increased	T081	C0205217
27637575	1011	1021	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27637575	1027	1038	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27637575	1039	1049	accelerate	T169	C0521110
27637575	1050	1065	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27637575	1069	1086	peri-implantation	T061	C0021107
27637575	1087	1099	trophoblasts	T018	C0041178
27637575	1107	1114	results	T169	C1274040
27637575	1115	1123	indicate	T033	C1444656
27637575	1127	1136	important	T080	C3898777
27637575	1137	1141	role	T077	C1705810
27637575	1145	1156	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27637575	1160	1172	placentation	T042	C0032058
27637575	1177	1186	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27637575	1187	1194	success	T054	C0597535

27637577|t|Evaluation of DNMT1 gene expression profile and methylation of its promoter region in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
27637577|a|Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an autoimmune disease with a chronic inflammatory arthritis. The critical role of methylation in the biology of immunocytes has increasingly been surveyed to discover disease etiology. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is an enzyme, which establishes and regulates patterns of methylated cytosine residues. The aim of the current investigation was to unveil if methylation circumstances of CpG sites in DNMT1 promoter could affect the mRNA expression level of this gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from AS patients. PBMCs were isolated from whole blood of 40 AS patients and 40 healthy individuals. Total RNA and DNA contents of leukocytes were extracted. Afterward, quantitative analysis was carried out by real-time PCR using the SYBR Green PCR Master Mix. Finally, to determine the methylation level, PCR products of bisulfite-treated DNA from patients and controls were sequenced. Compared with healthy controls, expression level of DNMT1 in AS patients was significantly downregulated. Methylation of DNMT1 promoter was significantly higher in AS patients in comparison to controls. While a negative correlation between methylation and expression level of DNMT1 was observed in AS patients, both methylation and expression level of DNMT1 did not correlate with clinical manifestations. Considering the observation that decreased expression level of DNMT1 was associated with hypermethylation of DNMT1 promoter in PBMCs from AS patients, this survey suggests that dysregulation of DNMT1 expression through altered methylation level of other target genes would probably contribute to AS development.
27637577	14	19	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27637577	20	43	gene expression profile	T081	C1956267
27637577	48	59	methylation	T044	C0025723
27637577	67	82	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27637577	86	94	patients	T101	C0030705
27637577	100	122	ankylosing spondylitis	T047	C0038013
27637577	123	145	Ankylosing spondylitis	T047	C0038013
27637577	147	149	AS	T047	C0038013
27637577	157	175	autoimmune disease	T047	C0004364
27637577	183	213	chronic inflammatory arthritis	T047	C0003864
27637577	236	247	methylation	T044	C0025723
27637577	255	262	biology	T091	C0005532
27637577	266	277	immunocytes	T025	C0312737
27637577	300	308	surveyed	T170	C0038951
27637577	321	328	disease	T047	C0012634
27637577	329	337	etiology	T169	C1314792
27637577	339	362	DNA methyltransferase 1	T116,T126	C1621352
27637577	364	369	DNMT1	T116,T126	C1621352
27637577	377	383	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27637577	407	416	regulates	T038	C1327622
27637577	417	425	patterns	T082	C0449774
27637577	429	448	methylated cytosine	T109,T123	C0010843
27637577	463	466	aim	T078	C1947946
27637577	482	495	investigation	T058	C0220825
27637577	513	524	methylation	T044	C0025723
27637577	542	545	CpG	T114,T123	C0056912
27637577	546	551	sites	T082	C0205145
27637577	555	560	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27637577	561	569	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27637577	587	602	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27637577	603	608	level	T080	C0441889
27637577	617	621	gene	T028	C0017337
27637577	625	659	peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
27637577	661	666	PBMCs	T025	C1321301
27637577	673	675	AS	T047	C0038013
27637577	676	684	patients	T101	C0030705
27637577	686	691	PBMCs	T025	C1321301
27637577	711	722	whole blood	T031	C0370231
27637577	729	731	AS	T047	C0038013
27637577	732	740	patients	T101	C0030705
27637577	748	755	healthy	T080	C3898900
27637577	756	767	individuals	T098	C0027361
27637577	775	778	RNA	T114	C0035668
27637577	783	786	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27637577	799	809	leukocytes	T025	C0023516
27637577	815	824	extracted	T061	C0185115
27637577	837	858	quantitative analysis	T081	C0034384
27637577	878	891	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27637577	902	927	SYBR Green PCR Master Mix	T170	C0282574
27637577	955	966	methylation	T044	C0025723
27637577	967	972	level	T080	C0441889
27637577	974	977	PCR	T063	C0032520
27637577	978	986	products	T114,T123	C0012854
27637577	990	1011	bisulfite-treated DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27637577	1017	1025	patients	T101	C0030705
27637577	1030	1038	controls	T096	C0009932
27637577	1044	1053	sequenced	T059	C1294197
27637577	1069	1076	healthy	T080	C3898900
27637577	1077	1085	controls	T096	C0009932
27637577	1087	1103	expression level	T045	C0017262
27637577	1107	1112	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27637577	1116	1118	AS	T047	C0038013
27637577	1119	1127	patients	T101	C0030705
27637577	1146	1159	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27637577	1161	1172	Methylation	T044	C0025723
27637577	1176	1181	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27637577	1182	1190	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27637577	1219	1221	AS	T047	C0038013
27637577	1222	1230	patients	T101	C0030705
27637577	1248	1256	controls	T096	C0009932
27637577	1266	1274	negative	T033	C0205160
27637577	1275	1286	correlation	T080	C1707520
27637577	1295	1306	methylation	T044	C0025723
27637577	1311	1327	expression level	T045	C0017262
27637577	1331	1336	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27637577	1353	1355	AS	T047	C0038013
27637577	1356	1364	patients	T101	C0030705
27637577	1371	1382	methylation	T044	C0025723
27637577	1387	1403	expression level	T045	C0017262
27637577	1407	1412	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27637577	1421	1430	correlate	T080	C1707520
27637577	1436	1444	clinical	T080	C0205210
27637577	1445	1459	manifestations	T169	C0205319
27637577	1494	1503	decreased	T081	C0205216
27637577	1504	1520	expression level	T045	C0017262
27637577	1524	1529	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27637577	1550	1566	hypermethylation	T045	C1512554
27637577	1570	1575	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27637577	1576	1584	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27637577	1588	1593	PBMCs	T025	C1321301
27637577	1599	1601	AS	T047	C0038013
27637577	1602	1610	patients	T101	C0030705
27637577	1617	1623	survey	T170	C0038951
27637577	1655	1660	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
27637577	1661	1671	expression	T045	C0017262
27637577	1680	1687	altered	T169	C0392747
27637577	1688	1699	methylation	T044	C0025723
27637577	1700	1705	level	T080	C0441889
27637577	1715	1721	target	T169	C1521840
27637577	1722	1727	genes	T028	C0017337
27637577	1757	1759	AS	T047	C0038013

27638176|t|A Characeae Cells Plasma Membrane as a Model for Selection of Bioactive Compounds and Drugs: Interaction of HAMLET-Like Complexes with Ion Channels of Chara corallina Cells Plasmalemma
27638176|a|Interaction of a HAMLET-like La-OA cytotoxic complex (human α-lactalbumin - oleic acid) and its constituents with the excitable plasmalemma of giant Chara corallina cells was investigated. The voltage-clamp technique was used to study Ca(2+) and Cl(-) transient currents in the plasmalemma of intact cells. The action of the complex and OA on the target cell membrane has a dose-dependent character. It was found that the La-OA complex has an inhibiting effect on Ca(2+) current across the plasmalemma, while α-lactalbumin alone does not affect the electrophysiological characteristics of the cellular membrane. However, oleic acid blocks Ca(2+) current across the plasmalemma. This is accompanied by the induction of a non-selective conductivity in the cellular membrane, a decrease in the resting potential and plasma membrane resistance of algal cells. We propose that the cytotoxicity of La-OA and other HAMLET-like complexes is determined by oleic acid acting as a blocker of potential -dependent Ca(2+) channels in the plasma membrane of target cells. The presented results show that the study model of green algae C. corallina cells plasmalemma is a convenient tool for the investigation of ion channels in many animal cells.
27638176	2	11	Characeae	T002	C0996485
27638176	12	17	Cells	T025	C3178867
27638176	18	33	Plasma Membrane	T026	C0007603
27638176	39	44	Model	T170	C0086272
27638176	49	58	Selection	T052	C1707391
27638176	62	81	Bioactive Compounds	T167	C3714412
27638176	86	91	Drugs	T121	C1254351
27638176	93	104	Interaction	T169	C1704675
27638176	108	129	HAMLET-Like Complexes	T116,T121	C1686902
27638176	135	147	Ion Channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27638176	151	166	Chara corallina	T002	C1010950
27638176	167	172	Cells	T025	C3178867
27638176	173	184	Plasmalemma	T026	C0007603
27638176	185	196	Interaction	T169	C1704675
27638176	202	237	HAMLET-like La-OA cytotoxic complex	T116,T121	C1686902
27638176	245	258	α-lactalbumin	T116,T123	C0002287
27638176	261	271	oleic acid	T109,T121	C0028928
27638176	281	293	constituents	T167	C0729650
27638176	303	312	excitable	T184	C0857393
27638176	313	324	plasmalemma	T026	C0007603
27638176	334	349	Chara corallina	T002	C1010950
27638176	350	355	cells	T025	C3178867
27638176	360	372	investigated	T169	C1292732
27638176	378	401	voltage-clamp technique	T062	C0242623
27638176	414	419	study	T062	C2603343
27638176	420	426	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27638176	431	436	Cl(-)	T196	C0596019
27638176	437	455	transient currents	T043	C0162585
27638176	463	474	plasmalemma	T026	C0007603
27638176	478	490	intact cells	UnknownType	C0682538
27638176	496	502	action	T052	C3266814
27638176	510	517	complex	T104	C1704241
27638176	522	524	OA	T109,T121	C0028928
27638176	532	538	target	T169	C1521840
27638176	539	552	cell membrane	T026	C0007603
27638176	559	573	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27638176	607	620	La-OA complex	T116,T121	C1686902
27638176	628	638	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27638176	639	645	effect	T080	C1280500
27638176	649	655	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27638176	656	663	current	T043	C0162585
27638176	675	686	plasmalemma	T026	C0007603
27638176	694	707	α-lactalbumin	T116,T123	C0002287
27638176	734	754	electrophysiological	T040	C2350528
27638176	755	770	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27638176	778	795	cellular membrane	T026	C3161472
27638176	806	816	oleic acid	T109,T121	C0028928
27638176	817	823	blocks	T169	C0332206
27638176	824	830	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27638176	831	838	current	T043	C0162585
27638176	850	861	plasmalemma	T026	C0007603
27638176	890	899	induction	T169	C0205263
27638176	919	931	conductivity	T043	C0007613
27638176	939	956	cellular membrane	T026	C3161472
27638176	960	968	decrease	T081	C0547047
27638176	976	993	resting potential	T043	C1704297
27638176	998	1013	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27638176	1014	1024	resistance	T169	C4281815
27638176	1028	1033	algal	T204	C0002028
27638176	1034	1039	cells	T025	C0007634
27638176	1061	1073	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27638176	1077	1082	La-OA	T116,T121	C1686902
27638176	1093	1114	HAMLET-like complexes	T116,T121	C1686902
27638176	1132	1142	oleic acid	T109,T121	C0028928
27638176	1155	1162	blocker	T121	C0870261
27638176	1166	1175	potential	T080	C3245505
27638176	1187	1202	Ca(2+) channels	T116,T123	C0006685
27638176	1210	1225	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27638176	1229	1241	target cells	T025	C0221284
27638176	1257	1264	results	T169	C1274040
27638176	1279	1290	study model	T075	C0026336
27638176	1294	1305	green algae	T002	C0002032
27638176	1306	1318	C. corallina	T002	C1010950
27638176	1319	1324	cells	T025	C3178867
27638176	1325	1336	plasmalemma	T026	C0007603
27638176	1366	1379	investigation	T062	C0683933
27638176	1383	1395	ion channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27638176	1404	1416	animal cells	UnknownType	C0682517

27638250|t|Kidney transplant recipients after nonrenal solid organ transplantation show low alloreactivity but an increased risk of infection
27638250|a|The number of kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) after nonrenal solid organ transplantation (SOT) has increased to almost 5%. Knowledge on patient and allograft outcomes, infections, and alloreactivity, however, remains scarce. We studied 40 KTRs after nonrenal SOT. Seven hundred and twenty primary KTRs and 119 repeat KTRs were used for comparison. Samples were collected pretransplantation, at +1, +2, and +3 months post-transplantation. Alloreactive and CMV-specific T cells were measured by interferon-γ ELISPOT assay. Patient survival in KTRs after SOT, primary and repeat KTRs was comparable. While death -censored allograft survival was comparable between KTRs after SOT and primary KTRs, KTRs after SOT showed superior 5-year death -censored allograft survival of 92.5% compared to 81.2% in repeat KTRs. Interestingly, KTRs after SOT show less preformed panel-reactive antibodies, frequencies of alloreactive T cells, and acute rejections compared to repeat KTRs. KTRs after SOT, however, show higher incidences of EBV viremia and PTLD, sepsis, and death from sepsis. Impaired CMV-specific cellular immunity was associated with more CMV replication compared to repeat KTRs. Our results suggest comparable patient and allograft outcomes in KTRs after SOT and primary KTRs. The observed low alloreactivity may contribute to excellent allograft outcomes. Caution should be taken in KTRs after SOT regarding infectious complications due to overimmunosuppression.
27638250	0	28	Kidney transplant recipients	T033	C4304779
27638250	35	71	nonrenal solid organ transplantation	T061	C0029216
27638250	81	95	alloreactivity	T039	C0301873
27638250	113	117	risk	T078	C0035647
27638250	121	130	infection	T046	C3714514
27638250	145	173	kidney transplant recipients	T033	C4304779
27638250	175	179	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	187	223	nonrenal solid organ transplantation	T061	C0029216
27638250	225	228	SOT	T061	C0029216
27638250	271	278	patient	T101	C0030705
27638250	283	292	allograft	T061	C0040739
27638250	293	301	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27638250	303	313	infections	T046	C3714514
27638250	319	333	alloreactivity	T039	C0301873
27638250	363	370	studied	T062	C2603343
27638250	374	378	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	385	397	nonrenal SOT	T061	C0029216
27638250	432	436	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	452	456	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	483	490	Samples	T031	C0504082
27638250	506	524	pretransplantation	T079	C1254367
27638250	551	571	post-transplantation	T079	C1254367
27638250	573	585	Alloreactive	T039	C0301873
27638250	590	602	CMV-specific	T005	C0010825
27638250	603	610	T cells	T025	C0039194
27638250	628	654	interferon-γ ELISPOT assay	T059	C0920508
27638250	656	663	Patient	T101	C0030705
27638250	664	672	survival	T052	C0038952
27638250	676	680	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	687	690	SOT	T061	C0029216
27638250	711	715	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	738	743	death	T040	C0011065
27638250	754	763	allograft	T061	C0040739
27638250	764	772	survival	T052	C0038952
27638250	796	800	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	807	810	SOT	T061	C0029216
27638250	823	827	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	829	833	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	840	843	SOT	T061	C0029216
27638250	860	866	5-year	T079	C0439234
27638250	867	872	death	T040	C0011065
27638250	883	892	allograft	T061	C0040739
27638250	893	901	survival	T052	C0038952
27638250	939	943	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	960	964	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	971	974	SOT	T061	C0029216
27638250	995	1020	panel-reactive antibodies	T059	C1141951
27638250	1022	1033	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27638250	1037	1049	alloreactive	T039	C0301873
27638250	1050	1057	T cells	T025	C0039194
27638250	1063	1079	acute rejections	T033	C3273245
27638250	1099	1103	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	1105	1109	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	1116	1119	SOT	T061	C0029216
27638250	1142	1152	incidences	T081	C0021149
27638250	1156	1167	EBV viremia	T047	C1701919
27638250	1172	1176	PTLD	T191	C0432487
27638250	1178	1184	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27638250	1190	1195	death	T040	C0011065
27638250	1201	1207	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27638250	1218	1230	CMV-specific	T005	C0010825
27638250	1231	1248	cellular immunity	T040	C0020966
27638250	1253	1268	associated with	T080	C0332281
27638250	1274	1277	CMV	T005	C0010825
27638250	1278	1289	replication	T043	C0042774
27638250	1309	1313	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	1346	1353	patient	T101	C0030705
27638250	1358	1367	allograft	T061	C0040739
27638250	1368	1376	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27638250	1380	1384	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	1391	1394	SOT	T061	C0029216
27638250	1407	1411	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	1430	1444	alloreactivity	T039	C0301873
27638250	1473	1482	allograft	T061	C0040739
27638250	1483	1491	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27638250	1520	1524	KTRs	T033	C4304779
27638250	1531	1534	SOT	T061	C0029216
27638250	1545	1569	infectious complications	T047	C0940933
27638250	1577	1598	overimmunosuppression	T047	C4048329

27638646|t|Evaluation of Cardiac Toxicity Biomarkers in Rats from Different Laboratories
27638646|a|There is a great need for improved diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of potential cardiac toxicity in drug development. This study reports the evaluation of several commercially available biomarker kits by 3 institutions (SRI, Eli Lilly, and Pfizer) for the discrimination between myocardial degeneration / necrosis and cardiac hypertrophy as well as the assessment of the interlaboratory and interplatform variation in results. Serum concentrations of natriuretic peptides (N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide [NT-proANP] and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]), cardiac and skeletal troponins (cTnI, cTnT, and sTnI), myosin light chain 3 (Myl3), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) were assessed in rats treated with minoxidil (MNX) and isoproterenol (ISO). MNX caused increased heart -to- body weight ratios and prominent elevations in NT-proANP and NT-proBNP concentrations detected at 24-hr postdose without elevation in troponins, Myl3, or FABP3 and with no abnormal histopathological findings. ISO caused ventricular leukocyte infiltration, myocyte fibrosis, and necrosis with increased concentrations of the natriuretic peptides, cardiac troponins, and Myl3. These results reinforce the advantages of a multimarker strategy in elucidating the underlying cause of cardiac insult and detecting myocardial tissue damage at 24-hr posttreatment. The interlaboratory and interplatform comparison analyses also showed that the data obtained from different laboratories and platforms are highly correlated and reproducible, making these biomarkers widely applicable in preclinical studies.
27638646	0	10	Evaluation	T052	C1516048
27638646	14	30	Cardiac Toxicity	T037	C0876994
27638646	31	41	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27638646	45	49	Rats	T015	C0034693
27638646	65	77	Laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27638646	104	112	improved	T033	C0184511
27638646	113	123	diagnostic	T080	C0598285
27638646	128	138	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27638646	139	147	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27638646	161	177	cardiac toxicity	T037	C0876994
27638646	181	197	drug development	T091	C0872152
27638646	204	209	study	T062	C2603343
27638646	210	217	reports	T062	C0011000
27638646	222	232	evaluation	T052	C1516048
27638646	257	266	available	T169	C0470187
27638646	267	281	biomarker kits	T201	C0005516
27638646	287	299	institutions	T093	C2607850
27638646	301	304	SRI	T093	C2607850
27638646	306	315	Eli Lilly	T093	C0331851
27638646	321	327	Pfizer	T093	C0331888
27638646	360	383	myocardial degeneration	T046	C0027046
27638646	386	394	necrosis	T047	C1442837
27638646	399	418	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27638646	434	444	assessment	T052	C1516048
27638646	452	467	interlaboratory	T080	C2986928
27638646	472	485	interplatform	T080	C0205556
27638646	486	495	variation	T080	C0205419
27638646	499	506	results	T169	C1274040
27638646	508	528	Serum concentrations	T081	C0683149
27638646	532	552	natriuretic peptides	T116,T121,T125	C1144709
27638646	554	595	N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide	T116,T123	C0027481
27638646	597	606	NT-proANP	T116,T123	C0027481
27638646	612	652	N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide	T116,T123	C0754710
27638646	654	663	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27638646	667	674	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27638646	679	687	skeletal	T082	C0521324
27638646	688	697	troponins	T116,T123	C0041199
27638646	699	703	cTnI	T116,T123	C1305957
27638646	705	709	cTnT	T116,T123	C3538889
27638646	715	719	sTnI	T116,T123	C0033684
27638646	722	742	myosin light chain 3	T116,T123	C0027108
27638646	744	748	Myl3	T116,T123	C0027108
27638646	755	783	fatty acid binding protein 3	T116,T123	C1721418
27638646	785	790	FABP3	T116,T123	C1721418
27638646	797	805	assessed	T052	C1516048
27638646	809	813	rats	T015	C0034693
27638646	814	821	treated	T169	C1522326
27638646	827	836	minoxidil	T109,T121	C0026196
27638646	838	841	MNX	T109,T121	C0026196
27638646	847	860	isoproterenol	T109,T121	C0022245
27638646	862	865	ISO	T109,T121	C0022245
27638646	868	871	MNX	T109,T121	C0026196
27638646	879	888	increased	T081	C0205217
27638646	889	894	heart	T023	C0018787
27638646	900	911	body weight	T032	C0005910
27638646	912	918	ratios	T081	C0456603
27638646	933	943	elevations	T082	C0702240
27638646	947	956	NT-proANP	T116,T123	C0027481
27638646	961	970	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27638646	971	985	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27638646	986	994	detected	T033	C0442726
27638646	1004	1012	postdose	T079	C0439568
27638646	1021	1030	elevation	T082	C0702240
27638646	1034	1043	troponins	T116,T123	C0041199
27638646	1045	1049	Myl3	T116,T123	C0027108
27638646	1054	1059	FABP3	T116,T123	C1721418
27638646	1069	1071	no	T033	C1513916
27638646	1072	1080	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27638646	1081	1098	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27638646	1099	1107	findings	T033	C0243095
27638646	1109	1112	ISO	T109,T121	C0022245
27638646	1120	1131	ventricular	T082	C1522565
27638646	1132	1154	leukocyte infiltration	T033	C0333361
27638646	1156	1172	myocyte fibrosis	T046	C0151654
27638646	1178	1186	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27638646	1192	1201	increased	T081	C0205217
27638646	1202	1216	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27638646	1224	1244	natriuretic peptides	T116,T121,T125	C1144709
27638646	1246	1253	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27638646	1254	1263	troponins	T116,T123	C0041199
27638646	1269	1273	Myl3	T116,T123	C0027108
27638646	1281	1288	results	T169	C1274040
27638646	1379	1393	cardiac insult	T047	C0018799
27638646	1398	1407	detecting	T033	C0442726
27638646	1408	1418	myocardial	T024	C0027061
27638646	1419	1432	tissue damage	T037	C0010957
27638646	1442	1455	posttreatment	T079	C2709088
27638646	1461	1476	interlaboratory	T080	C2986928
27638646	1481	1494	interplatform	T080	C0205556
27638646	1495	1505	comparison	T052	C1707455
27638646	1506	1514	analyses	T062	C0936012
27638646	1536	1540	data	T078	C1511726
27638646	1565	1577	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27638646	1582	1591	platforms	T080	C0205556
27638646	1603	1613	correlated	T080	C1707520
27638646	1645	1655	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27638646	1663	1673	applicable	T080	C1706839
27638646	1677	1696	preclinical studies	T062	C1709631

27639061|t|Improved protocol for the isolation of naïve follicular dendritic cells
27639061|a|Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) in lymphoid organs play an important role in the humoral immune response. However, because the isolation of FDCs is difficult due to their very small population size and fragility under mechanical and chemical stresses, the genetic and biochemical characteristics of FDCs remain unclear. Previously, we identified FDCs as ICAM-1(+) cells in the CD45 (-) non-hematopoietic cell fraction from naïve mouse spleen after cell separation by means of digestion with a combination of enzymes. In the present study, using a new combination of enzymes, we found that FDCs are highly enriched in the CD45 (-) ICAM-1(+) CD21 / 35(+) cell fraction. CD45 (-) ICAM-1(+) CD21 / 35(+) cells in the mouse spleen retained an antigen administered in vivo for more than 7 days. Moreover, CD45 (-) ICAM-1(+) CD21 / 35(+) cells isolated from the spleen of mice administered with a cognate antigen enhanced the survival and proliferation of antigen-specific B cells in vitro. Our improved protocol for the isolation of naïve FDCs will be useful for the analysis of FDCs in vitro and in vivo.
27639061	0	8	Improved	T033	C0184511
27639061	9	17	protocol	T170	C0442711
27639061	26	35	isolation	T059	C0220862
27639061	45	71	follicular dendritic cells	T025	C0242245
27639061	72	98	Follicular dendritic cells	T025	C0242245
27639061	100	104	FDCs	T025	C0242245
27639061	109	124	lymphoid organs	T023	C0502330
27639061	143	147	role	T077	C1705810
27639061	155	178	humoral immune response	T043	C1155229
27639061	201	210	isolation	T061	C0204727
27639061	214	218	FDCs	T025	C0242245
27639061	222	231	difficult	T080	C0332218
27639061	250	255	small	T081	C0700321
27639061	256	271	population size	T081	C0032683
27639061	276	285	fragility	T049	C0302113
27639061	292	302	mechanical	T070	C0038442
27639061	307	324	chemical stresses	T070	C1254365
27639061	330	337	genetic	T169	C0314603
27639061	342	353	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27639061	354	369	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27639061	373	377	FDCs	T025	C0242245
27639061	385	392	unclear	T033	C3845108
27639061	420	424	FDCs	T025	C0242245
27639061	428	437	ICAM-1(+)	T116,T129	C0063695
27639061	438	443	cells	T025	C0007634
27639061	451	455	CD45	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
27639061	456	459	(-)	T033	C0205160
27639061	460	491	non-hematopoietic cell fraction	T026	C0805525
27639061	503	515	mouse spleen	T024	C1519474
27639061	522	537	cell separation	T059	C0007616
27639061	567	578	combination	T080	C0205195
27639061	582	589	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27639061	621	624	new	T080	C0205314
27639061	625	636	combination	T080	C0205195
27639061	640	647	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27639061	663	667	FDCs	T025	C0242245
27639061	695	699	CD45	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
27639061	700	703	(-)	T033	C0205160
27639061	704	713	ICAM-1(+)	T116,T129	C0063695
27639061	714	718	CD21	T116,T129,T192	C0056184
27639061	721	726	35(+)	T116,T129,T192	C0009552
27639061	727	740	cell fraction	T026	C0805525
27639061	742	746	CD45	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
27639061	747	750	(-)	T033	C0205160
27639061	751	760	ICAM-1(+)	T116,T129	C0063695
27639061	761	765	CD21	T116,T129,T192	C0056184
27639061	768	773	35(+)	T116,T129,T192	C0009552
27639061	774	779	cells	T025	C0007634
27639061	787	799	mouse spleen	T024	C1519474
27639061	812	819	antigen	T129	C0003320
27639061	833	840	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27639061	857	861	days	T079	C0439228
27639061	873	877	CD45	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
27639061	878	881	(-)	T033	C0205160
27639061	882	891	ICAM-1(+)	T116,T129	C0063695
27639061	892	896	CD21	T116,T129,T192	C0056184
27639061	899	904	35(+)	T116,T129,T192	C0009552
27639061	905	910	cells	T025	C0007634
27639061	911	919	isolated	T169	C0205409
27639061	929	943	spleen of mice	T024	C1519474
27639061	964	979	cognate antigen	T129	C0003320
27639061	980	988	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27639061	993	1001	survival	T043	C0007620
27639061	1006	1019	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27639061	1023	1047	antigen-specific B cells	T025	C0007634
27639061	1048	1056	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27639061	1062	1070	improved	T033	C0184511
27639061	1071	1079	protocol	T170	C0442711
27639061	1088	1097	isolation	T059	C0220862
27639061	1107	1111	FDCs	T025	C0242245
27639061	1135	1143	analysis	T062	C0936012
27639061	1147	1151	FDCs	T025	C0242245
27639061	1152	1160	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27639061	1165	1172	in vivo	T082	C1515655

27639384|t|Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of a specific anti-insulin-like growth factor I receptor single chain antibody on breast cancer cells
27639384|a|Insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) is expressed on breast cancer cells and involves in metastasis, survival, and proliferation. Currently, application of IGF-IR -targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), alone or in combination with other drugs, is a promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies have been introduced as appropriate tools for tumor-targeting purposes because of their advantages over whole antibodies. In the present study, we employed a naïve phage library and isolated scFvs against a specific epitope from extracellular domain of IGF-IR by panning process. The selected scFvs were further characterized using polyclonal and monoclonal phage ELISA, soluble monoclonal ELISA, and colony PCR and sequencing. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of selected scFv antibodies on breast cancer cell lines were also evaluated by MTT and Annexin V/PI assays. The results of ELISA indicated specific reactions of the isolated scFvs against the IGF-IR peptide, and analyses of PCR product and sequencing confirmed the presence of full length VH and Vκ inserts. Treatment of MCF7 and SKBR3 cells with anti-IGF-IR scFv led to a significant growth inhibition. The results also showed that scFv treatment significantly augmented trastuzumab growth inhibitory effects on SKBR3 cells. The percentage of the apoptotic MCF7 and SKBR3 cells after 24-h treatment with scFv was 39 and 30.70 %, respectively. Twenty-four-hour treatment with scFv in combination with trastuzumab resulted in 44.75 % apoptosis of SKBR3 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the targeting of IGF-IR by scFv can be an effective strategy in the treatment of breast cancer and provide further evidence for effectiveness of dual targeting of HER2 and IGF-IR in breast cancer therapy.
27639384	0	17	Antiproliferative	T033	C0243095
27639384	22	31	apoptotic	T043	C0162638
27639384	54	118	anti-insulin-like growth factor I receptor single chain antibody	T129	C1883036
27639384	122	141	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27639384	142	179	Insulin-like growth factor I receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0140080
27639384	181	187	IGF-IR	T116,T126,T192	C0140080
27639384	192	201	expressed	T045	C0597360
27639384	205	224	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27639384	241	251	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27639384	253	261	survival	T043	C0007620
27639384	267	280	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27639384	308	314	IGF-IR	T116,T126,T192	C0140080
27639384	326	347	monoclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0003250
27639384	349	353	mAbs	T116,T129	C0003250
27639384	391	396	drugs	T121	C0013227
27639384	403	421	promising strategy	T062	C0035171
27639384	426	447	breast cancer therapy	T061	C1511300
27639384	449	497	Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies	T129	C1883036
27639384	544	568	tumor-targeting purposes	T033	C0243095
27639384	602	618	whole antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27639384	656	675	naïve phage library	T116,T130	C0751719
27639384	680	688	isolated	T169	C0205409
27639384	689	694	scFvs	T129	C1883036
27639384	705	721	specific epitope	T129	C0003316
27639384	727	747	extracellular domain	T087	C1514562
27639384	751	757	IGF-IR	T116,T126,T192	C0140080
27639384	761	776	panning process	T067	C1522240
27639384	791	796	scFvs	T129	C1883036
27639384	830	840	polyclonal	T059	C0014441
27639384	845	867	monoclonal phage ELISA	T059	C0014441
27639384	877	893	monoclonal ELISA	T059	C0014441
27639384	899	909	colony PCR	T063	C0032520
27639384	914	924	sequencing	T169	C1561491
27639384	926	943	Antiproliferative	T033	C0243095
27639384	948	957	apoptotic	T043	C0162638
27639384	978	993	scFv antibodies	T129	C1883036
27639384	997	1021	breast cancer cell lines	T025	C1512505
27639384	1045	1048	MTT	T062	C2986858
27639384	1053	1072	Annexin V/PI assays	T059	C0487602
27639384	1089	1094	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27639384	1131	1139	isolated	T169	C0205409
27639384	1140	1145	scFvs	T129	C1883036
27639384	1158	1172	IGF-IR peptide	T116,T126,T192	C0140080
27639384	1178	1201	analyses of PCR product	T059	C0200931
27639384	1206	1216	sequencing	T169	C1561491
27639384	1231	1239	presence	T033	C0150312
27639384	1255	1272	VH and Vκ inserts	T129	C1883036
27639384	1274	1283	Treatment	T169	C1522326
27639384	1287	1291	MCF7	T025	C0596890
27639384	1296	1307	SKBR3 cells	T025	C1512505
27639384	1313	1329	anti-IGF-IR scFv	T129	C1883036
27639384	1351	1368	growth inhibition	T043	C2244509
27639384	1399	1403	scFv	T129	C1883036
27639384	1404	1413	treatment	T169	C1522326
27639384	1428	1437	augmented	T081	C0205217
27639384	1438	1467	trastuzumab growth inhibitory	T116,T192	C0061917
27639384	1479	1490	SKBR3 cells	T025	C1512505
27639384	1514	1523	apoptotic	T043	C0162638
27639384	1524	1528	MCF7	T025	C0596890
27639384	1533	1544	SKBR3 cells	T025	C1512505
27639384	1556	1565	treatment	T169	C1522326
27639384	1571	1575	scFv	T129	C1883036
27639384	1627	1636	treatment	T169	C1522326
27639384	1642	1646	scFv	T129	C1883036
27639384	1667	1678	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
27639384	1699	1708	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27639384	1712	1723	SKBR3 cells	T025	C1512505
27639384	1774	1783	targeting	T044	C1159372
27639384	1787	1793	IGF-IR	T116,T126,T192	C0140080
27639384	1797	1801	scFv	T129	C1883036
27639384	1838	1864	treatment of breast cancer	T061	C1511300
27639384	1920	1929	targeting	T044	C1159372
27639384	1933	1937	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27639384	1942	1948	IGF-IR	T116,T126,T192	C0140080
27639384	1952	1973	breast cancer therapy	T061	C1511300

27639826|t|Peptide -based vaccination against OPN integrin binding sites does not improve cardio-metabolic disease in mice
27639826|a|Obesity causes insulin resistance via a chronic low-grade inflammation. This inflammation is characterized by elevated pro-inflammatory markers and macrophage accumulation in the adipose tissue (AT). AT inflammation is a key factor causing insulin resistance and thus type 2 diabetes, both linked to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Osteopontin (OPN), a well-known inflammatory cytokine, is involved in obesity -linked complications including AT inflammation, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and CVD. During inflammation, OPN is proteolytically cleaved by matrix metalloproteinases or thrombin leading to increased OPN activity. Therefore, OPN provides a new interesting target for immunological prevention and treatment of obesity -associated diseases. The aim of our study was to evaluate peptide -based vaccines against integrin binding sites of OPN and to examine whether these active immunotherapies are functional in reducing metabolic tissue inflammation, insulin resistance, and atherosclerosis in a cardio-metabolic (Ldlr (-/-) mice) and a diet -induced obesity model (WT mice). However, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and AT inflammation were not diminished after treatment with OPN -derived peptides in murine models. Lack of efficacy was based on a failure to induce antibodies capable to bind epitopes in the context of functional OPN protein. In conclusion, our data point to unexpected challenges in the immunotherapeutic targeting of adhesive motives, such as RGD containing sequences, on endogenous proteins.
27639826	0	7	Peptide	T116	C0030956
27639826	15	26	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27639826	35	38	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27639826	39	47	integrin	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27639826	48	61	binding sites	T192	C0005456
27639826	79	103	cardio-metabolic disease	T047	C0012634
27639826	107	111	mice	T015	C0026809
27639826	112	119	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27639826	127	145	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27639826	160	169	low-grade	T080	C1282907
27639826	170	182	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27639826	189	201	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27639826	231	247	pro-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27639826	248	255	markers	T201	C0005516
27639826	260	270	macrophage	T025	C0024432
27639826	271	283	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27639826	291	305	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27639826	307	309	AT	T024	C0001527
27639826	312	327	AT inflammation	T047	C0030326
27639826	352	370	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27639826	380	395	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27639826	412	450	atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease	T047	C0004153
27639826	452	463	Osteopontin	T116,T123	C0069676
27639826	465	468	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27639826	484	496	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27639826	497	505	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27639826	522	529	obesity	T047	C0028754
27639826	538	551	complications	T046	C0009566
27639826	562	577	AT inflammation	T047	C0030326
27639826	579	597	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27639826	599	614	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27639826	619	622	CVD	T047	C0007222
27639826	631	643	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27639826	645	648	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27639826	652	667	proteolytically	T044	C0597304
27639826	668	675	cleaved	T082	C0205242
27639826	679	704	matrix metalloproteinases	T116,T126	C0623362
27639826	708	716	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27639826	728	737	increased	T081	C0205217
27639826	738	741	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27639826	763	766	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27639826	794	800	target	T169	C1521840
27639826	805	818	immunological	T169	C0205470
27639826	819	829	prevention	T080	C2700409
27639826	834	843	treatment	T061	C0087111
27639826	847	854	obesity	T047	C0028754
27639826	867	875	diseases	T047	C0012634
27639826	881	884	aim	T078	C1947946
27639826	892	897	study	T062	C2603343
27639826	905	913	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27639826	914	921	peptide	T116	C0030956
27639826	929	937	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27639826	946	954	integrin	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27639826	955	968	binding sites	T192	C0005456
27639826	972	975	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27639826	1012	1027	immunotherapies	T061	C0021083
27639826	1032	1042	functional	T169	C0205245
27639826	1046	1054	reducing	T080	C0392756
27639826	1055	1064	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27639826	1065	1071	tissue	T024	C0040300
27639826	1072	1084	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27639826	1086	1104	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27639826	1110	1125	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27639826	1131	1147	cardio-metabolic	T047	C0012634
27639826	1149	1153	Ldlr	T028	C1366529
27639826	1160	1164	mice	T015	C0026809
27639826	1172	1176	diet	T168	C0012155
27639826	1186	1193	obesity	T047	C0028754
27639826	1194	1199	model	T050	C0012644
27639826	1201	1203	WT	T028	C1883559
27639826	1204	1208	mice	T015	C0026809
27639826	1220	1235	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27639826	1237	1255	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27639826	1260	1275	AT inflammation	T047	C0030326
27639826	1302	1311	treatment	T061	C0087111
27639826	1317	1320	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27639826	1330	1338	peptides	T116	C0030956
27639826	1342	1348	murine	T015	C0026809
27639826	1349	1355	models	T050	C0012644
27639826	1357	1361	Lack	T080	C0332268
27639826	1365	1373	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27639826	1389	1396	failure	T169	C0231174
27639826	1400	1406	induce	T169	C0205263
27639826	1407	1417	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27639826	1434	1442	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27639826	1461	1471	functional	T169	C0205245
27639826	1472	1475	OPN	T116,T123	C0069676
27639826	1476	1483	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27639826	1547	1564	immunotherapeutic	T061	C0021083
27639826	1565	1574	targeting	T169	C1521840
27639826	1604	1628	RGD containing sequences	T116,T123	C0052350
27639826	1633	1643	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27639826	1644	1652	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684

27639988|t|Pharmacogenetic reactivation of the original engram evokes an extinguished fear memory
27639988|a|Fear memory extinction has several characteristic behavioral features, such as spontaneous recovery, renewal, and reinstatement, suggesting that extinction training does not erase the original association between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US). However, it is unclear whether reactivation of the original physical record of memory (i.e., memory trace) is sufficient to produce conditioned fear response after extinction. Here, we performed pharmacogenetic neuronal activation using transgenic mice expressing hM3Dq DREADD (designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug) under the control of the activity - dependent c-fos gene promoter. Neuronal ensembles activated during fear - conditioned learning were tagged with hM3Dq and subsequently reactivated after extinction training. The mice exhibited significant freezing, even when the fear memory was no longer triggered by external CS, indicating that the artificial reactivation of a specific neuronal ensemble was sufficient to evoke the extinguished fear response. This freezing was not observed in non-fear-conditioned mice expressing hM3dq in the same brain areas. These results directly demonstrated that at least part of the original fear memory trace remains after extinction, and such residual plasticity might reflect the persistent memory.
27639988	0	28	Pharmacogenetic reactivation	T052	C4086768
27639988	36	44	original	T078	C0205313
27639988	45	51	engram	T041	C0679061
27639988	75	79	fear	T041	C0015726
27639988	80	86	memory	T041	C0025260
27639988	87	91	Fear	T041	C0015726
27639988	92	98	memory	T041	C0025260
27639988	99	109	extinction	T041	C0015347
27639988	122	136	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27639988	137	147	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27639988	148	156	features	T080	C2348519
27639988	166	177	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27639988	178	186	recovery	T052	C0237820
27639988	188	195	renewal	T169	C0205245
27639988	201	214	reinstatement	T079	C0678335
27639988	232	242	extinction	T041	C0015347
27639988	243	251	training	T065	C0220931
27639988	271	279	original	T078	C0205313
27639988	280	291	association	T080	C0439849
27639988	304	365	conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US)	UnknownType	C0679068
27639988	398	410	reactivation	T052	C4086768
27639988	418	426	original	T078	C0205313
27639988	427	452	physical record of memory	T041	C0870873
27639988	460	472	memory trace	T041	C0870873
27639988	499	510	conditioned	T041	C0009647
27639988	511	515	fear	T041	C0015726
27639988	516	524	response	T032	C0871261
27639988	531	541	extinction	T041	C0015347
27639988	562	597	pharmacogenetic neuronal activation	T043	C0007613
27639988	604	619	transgenic mice	T015	C0025936
27639988	620	630	expressing	T045	C1171362
27639988	631	643	hM3Dq DREADD	T116,T192	C0682972
27639988	645	701	designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug	T116,T192	C0682972
27639988	713	720	control	T080	C0243148
27639988	728	736	activity	T052	C0441655
27639988	739	748	dependent	T169	C3244310
27639988	749	759	c-fos gene	T028	C0085940
27639988	760	768	promoter	T028	C0314621
27639988	770	788	Neuronal ensembles	T025	C0027882
27639988	789	798	activated	T043	C1326120
27639988	806	810	fear	T041	C0015726
27639988	813	833	conditioned learning	T041	C0023185
27639988	851	856	hM3Dq	T116,T192	C0682972
27639988	874	885	reactivated	T052	C4086768
27639988	892	902	extinction	T041	C0015347
27639988	903	911	training	T065	C0220931
27639988	917	921	mice	T015	C0025936
27639988	944	952	freezing	T070	C0016701
27639988	968	972	fear	T041	C0015726
27639988	973	979	memory	T041	C0025260
27639988	994	1006	triggered by	T080	C1444748
27639988	1007	1015	external	T169	C0521134
27639988	1016	1018	CS	T041	C0234404
27639988	1040	1050	artificial	T080	C2004457
27639988	1051	1063	reactivation	T052	C4086768
27639988	1078	1095	neuronal ensemble	T025	C0027882
27639988	1137	1141	fear	T041	C0015726
27639988	1142	1150	response	T032	C0871261
27639988	1157	1165	freezing	T070	C0016701
27639988	1186	1211	non-fear-conditioned mice	T015	C0025936
27639988	1212	1222	expressing	T045	C1171362
27639988	1223	1228	hM3dq	T116,T192	C0682972
27639988	1241	1252	brain areas	T029	C1273723
27639988	1316	1324	original	T078	C0205313
27639988	1325	1329	fear	T041	C0015726
27639988	1330	1342	memory trace	T041	C0870873
27639988	1357	1367	extinction	T041	C0015347
27639988	1378	1386	residual	T080	C1609982
27639988	1387	1397	plasticity	T042	C0027880
27639988	1416	1426	persistent	T079	C0205322
27639988	1427	1433	memory	T041	C0025260

27640134|t|Preweaning iron deficiency increases non-contingent responding during cocaine self-administration in rats
27640134|a|Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent single-nutrient deficiency worldwide. There is evidence that ID early in development (preweaning in rat) causes irreversible neurologic, behavioral, and motor development deficits. Many of these effects have been attributed to damage to dopamine systems, including ID - induced changes in transporter and receptor numbers in the striatum and nucleus accumbens. These mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons are, in part, responsible for mediating reward and thus play a key role in addiction. However, there has been relatively little investigation into the behavioral effects of ID on drug addiction. In 2002, we found that rats made ID from weaning (postnatal day 21) and throughout the experiment acquired cocaine self-administration significantly more slowly than controls and failed to increase responding when the dose of the drug was decreased. In the present study, we assessed addiction for self-administered cocaine in rats with a history of preweaning ID only during postnatal days 4 through 21, and iron replete thereafter. The results showed that while ID did not affect the number of cocaine infusions or the overall addiction -like behavior score, ID rats scored higher on a measure of continued responding for drug than did iron replete controls. This increase in responding, however, was less goal-directed as ID rats also responded more quickly to the non-rewarded manipulandum than did control rats. Thus, while ID early in infancy did not significantly increase addiction -like behaviors for cocaine in this small study, the pattern of data suggests a possible underlying learning or performance impairment. Future studies will be needed to elucidate the exact neuro - behavioral deficits that lead to the increase in indiscriminate responding for drug in rats with a history of perinatal ID.
27640134	0	10	Preweaning	T033	C0243095
27640134	11	26	iron deficiency	T047	C0240066
27640134	27	36	increases	T081	C0205217
27640134	37	51	non-contingent	T080	C0205556
27640134	52	62	responding	T032	C0871261
27640134	63	69	during	T079	C0347984
27640134	70	77	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27640134	78	97	self-administration	T061	C0036589
27640134	101	105	rats	T015	C0086893
27640134	106	121	Iron deficiency	T047	C0240066
27640134	123	125	ID	T047	C0240066
27640134	139	148	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27640134	149	175	single-nutrient deficiency	T047	C3647269
27640134	176	185	worldwide	T082	C1254362
27640134	196	204	evidence	T078	C3887511
27640134	210	212	ID	T047	C0240066
27640134	213	233	early in development	T033	C0243095
27640134	235	245	preweaning	T033	C0243095
27640134	249	252	rat	T015	C0086893
27640134	261	273	irreversible	T033	C0243095
27640134	274	284	neurologic	T033	C0521654
27640134	286	296	behavioral	T048	C0004930
27640134	302	328	motor development deficits	T048	C0679450
27640134	344	351	effects	T080	C1280500
27640134	362	372	attributed	T078	C0449234
27640134	376	382	damage	T169	C1883709
27640134	386	402	dopamine systems	T022	C0815276
27640134	404	413	including	T169	C0332257
27640134	414	416	ID	T047	C0240066
27640134	419	426	induced	T169	C0205263
27640134	427	434	changes	T169	C0392747
27640134	438	449	transporter	T116,T123	C0596902
27640134	454	462	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27640134	463	470	numbers	T081	C0237753
27640134	478	486	striatum	T023	C0010097
27640134	491	508	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
27640134	516	526	mesolimbic	T082	C1254362
27640134	527	547	dopaminergic neurons	T025	C1512035
27640134	556	560	part	T078	C1552020
27640134	615	619	role	T170	C3871154
27640134	623	632	addiction	T048	C1510472
27640134	658	668	relatively	T080	C0205345
27640134	676	689	investigation	T058	C0220825
27640134	699	709	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27640134	710	720	effects of	T080	C1704420
27640134	721	723	ID	T047	C0240066
27640134	727	741	drug addiction	T048	C1510472
27640134	755	760	found	T033	C0150312
27640134	766	770	rats	T015	C0086893
27640134	776	778	ID	T047	C0240066
27640134	784	791	weaning	T033	C0043084
27640134	793	802	postnatal	T079	C0443281
27640134	830	840	experiment	T062	C0681814
27640134	841	849	acquired	T080	C0439661
27640134	850	857	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27640134	858	877	self-administration	T061	C0036589
27640134	878	891	significantly	T078	C0750502
27640134	897	903	slowly	T080	C0439834
27640134	909	917	controls	T096	C0009932
27640134	922	928	failed	T169	C0231175
27640134	932	940	increase	T081	C0205217
27640134	941	951	responding	T032	C0871261
27640134	961	965	dose	T081	C0178602
27640134	973	977	drug	T121	C0013227
27640134	982	991	decreased	T081	C0205216
27640134	1000	1007	present	T033	C0150312
27640134	1008	1013	study	T062	C2603343
27640134	1018	1026	assessed	T052	C1516048
27640134	1027	1036	addiction	T048	C1510472
27640134	1041	1058	self-administered	T169	C1519231
27640134	1059	1066	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27640134	1070	1074	rats	T015	C0086893
27640134	1082	1089	history	T033	C2004062
27640134	1093	1103	preweaning	T033	C0243095
27640134	1104	1106	ID	T047	C0240066
27640134	1112	1118	during	T079	C0347984
27640134	1119	1128	postnatal	T079	C0443281
27640134	1152	1164	iron replete	T061	C0919650
27640134	1181	1188	results	T034	C0456984
27640134	1207	1209	ID	T047	C0240066
27640134	1218	1224	affect	T058	C2237113
27640134	1229	1235	number	T081	C0237753
27640134	1239	1246	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27640134	1247	1256	infusions	T061	C0574032
27640134	1264	1271	overall	T080	C1561607
27640134	1272	1281	addiction	T048	C1510472
27640134	1288	1296	behavior	T053	C0004927
27640134	1297	1302	score	T081	C0449820
27640134	1304	1306	ID	T047	C0240066
27640134	1307	1311	rats	T015	C0086893
27640134	1312	1318	scored	T081	C0449820
27640134	1319	1325	higher	T080	C0205250
27640134	1331	1338	measure	T081	C0079809
27640134	1342	1351	continued	T078	C0549178
27640134	1352	1362	responding	T032	C0871261
27640134	1367	1371	drug	T121	C0013227
27640134	1381	1393	iron replete	T061	C0919650
27640134	1394	1402	controls	T096	C0009932
27640134	1409	1417	increase	T081	C0205217
27640134	1421	1431	responding	T032	C0871261
27640134	1451	1464	goal-directed	T078	C1537018
27640134	1468	1470	ID	T047	C0240066
27640134	1471	1475	rats	T015	C0086893
27640134	1481	1490	responded	T032	C0871261
27640134	1511	1536	non-rewarded manipulandum	T080	C0205556
27640134	1546	1553	control	T096	C0009932
27640134	1554	1558	rats	T015	C0086893
27640134	1572	1574	ID	T047	C0240066
27640134	1575	1591	early in infancy	T033	C1837138
27640134	1600	1613	significantly	T078	C0750502
27640134	1614	1622	increase	T081	C0205217
27640134	1623	1632	addiction	T048	C1510472
27640134	1639	1648	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27640134	1653	1660	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27640134	1675	1680	study	T062	C2603343
27640134	1686	1693	pattern	T082	C0449774
27640134	1697	1701	data	T078	C1511726
27640134	1702	1710	suggests	T078	C1705535
27640134	1713	1721	possible	T033	C0332149
27640134	1733	1741	learning	T041	C0023185
27640134	1745	1756	performance	T052	C1882330
27640134	1757	1767	impairment	T169	C0221099
27640134	1776	1783	studies	T062	C2603343
27640134	1822	1827	neuro	T033	C0521654
27640134	1830	1849	behavioral deficits	T048	C0004930
27640134	1867	1875	increase	T081	C0205217
27640134	1879	1893	indiscriminate	T080	C0205236
27640134	1894	1904	responding	T032	C0871261
27640134	1909	1913	drug	T121	C0013227
27640134	1917	1921	rats	T015	C0086893
27640134	1929	1936	history	T033	C2004062
27640134	1940	1949	perinatal	T079	C0178795
27640134	1950	1952	ID	T047	C0240066

27641480|t|Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae Bacteraemia
27641480|a|Mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a clinico-radiological syndrome that can be related to infectious and non-infectious conditions. Patients present with mild neurological symptoms, and magnetic resonance imaging typically demonstrate a reversible lesion with transiently reduced diffusion in the splenium of the corpus callosum. Here, we describe MERS in a 10-year-old boy who presented with fever and consciousness and who completely recovered within a few days. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the causative agent. Although viruses (especially influenza A and B) are the most common pathogen of MERS, for proper management, bacteria should be considered, as they may also lead to this condition.
27641480	0	64	Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion	T047	C0039082
27641480	66	70	MERS	T047	C0039082
27641480	88	112	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27641480	113	124	Bacteraemia	T047	C0152964
27641480	125	178	Mild encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion	T047	C0039082
27641480	180	184	MERS	T047	C0039082
27641480	191	220	clinico-radiological syndrome	T047	C0039082
27641480	233	240	related	T080	C0439849
27641480	244	254	infectious	T033	C1948090
27641480	259	284	non-infectious conditions	T169	C0521118
27641480	286	294	Patients	T101	C0030705
27641480	313	334	neurological symptoms	T184	C0235031
27641480	340	366	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27641480	451	482	splenium of the corpus callosum	T023	C0152319
27641480	502	506	MERS	T047	C0039082
27641480	524	527	boy	T100	C0870221
27641480	547	552	fever	T184	C0015967
27641480	557	570	consciousness	T033	C0517960
27641480	579	599	completely recovered	T033	C2826210
27641480	609	617	few days	T079	C1254367
27641480	619	643	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27641480	652	667	causative agent	T033	C0449411
27641480	678	685	viruses	T005	C0042776
27641480	698	709	influenza A	T005	C0029347
27641480	714	715	B	T005	C0029348
27641480	730	736	common	T081	C0205214
27641480	737	745	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27641480	749	753	MERS	T047	C0039082
27641480	778	786	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27641480	797	807	considered	T078	C0750591
27641480	826	830	lead	T169	C1522538
27641480	839	848	condition	T047	C0039082

27642003|t|Oral and oropharyngeal cancer and the role of sexual behaviour: a systematic review
27642003|a|This systematic review identified and evaluated the evidence for the role of sexual behaviours in the development of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) and oral cavity cancers (OCCs). Following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified observational and interventional studies reporting associations between several different sexual behaviours and OPC or OCC. Study quality was assessed independently by two reviewers using a validated scoring system. From 513 papers identified, 21, reporting on 20 studies, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two cohort studies were rated as moderate quality. The 18 case-control studies were rated as weak; nine comparing people with OPC or OCC to people without cancer, eight comparing HPV-positive to HPV-negative cancer patients and one comparing OPCs to other head and neck cancers. One study was a pooled analysis of seven of the included studies with some additional information. Twelve sexual behaviours were assessed and 69 associations reported. The studies differed in the comparisons made, the sexual behaviours assessed, and how these were reported and categorized, so no quantitative meta-analyses were appropriate. Most studies combined OPC and OCC. Several significantly increased risks were seen with a high number of lifetime sexual partners (nine studies) and with the practice of oral sex (five studies), although two studies found a significant negative association with OCC and ever performing oral sex. Two cohort studies of men and women in homosexual relationships found increases in oral cancer risk, and a cohort study of men married to women who had a history of cervical cancer also showed an increased risk of oral cancers. Results for other sexual behaviours were limited and inconsistent, and these included the following: younger age at first sexual intercourse, number of lifetime oral sex partners, the practice of oral - anal sex, the number of oral - anal sex partners, and ever performing anal sex. Only one study assessed casual sex, never or rare use of a condom and having a sexual partner with a history of genital warts, finding significant associations in the two former behaviours. The current evidence for sexual behaviours being risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal cancer is limited and inconsistent. Evidence suggests that the number of sexual partners and performing oral sex are associated with a greater risk. Furthermore men whose partners have had cervical cancer may have an increased risk. More studies looking at OPC specifically will be useful to determine whether these behaviours are subsite - selective.
27642003	0	4	Oral	T191	C0151546
27642003	9	29	oropharyngeal cancer	T191	C2349952
27642003	38	42	role	T077	C1705810
27642003	46	62	sexual behaviour	T053	C0036864
27642003	66	83	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27642003	89	106	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27642003	107	117	identified	T080	C0205396
27642003	136	144	evidence	T078	C3887511
27642003	153	157	role	T077	C1705810
27642003	161	178	sexual behaviours	T053	C0036864
27642003	186	197	development	T169	C1527148
27642003	201	222	oropharyngeal cancers	T191	C2349952
27642003	224	228	OPCs	T191	C2349952
27642003	234	253	oral cavity cancers	T191	C0151546
27642003	255	259	OCCs	T191	C0151546
27642003	262	271	Following	T079	C0332282
27642003	276	293	PRISMA guidelines	T170	C0162791
27642003	298	308	identified	T080	C0205396
27642003	309	322	observational	T062	C1518527
27642003	327	349	interventional studies	T062	C3274035
27642003	360	372	associations	T080	C0439849
27642003	381	388	several	T081	C0443302
27642003	389	398	different	T080	C1705242
27642003	399	416	sexual behaviours	T053	C0036864
27642003	421	424	OPC	T191	C2349952
27642003	428	431	OCC	T191	C0151546
27642003	433	438	Study	T062	C2603343
27642003	439	446	quality	T080	C0332306
27642003	451	459	assessed	T052	C1516048
27642003	460	473	independently	T169	C0332291
27642003	481	490	reviewers	T098	C1882950
27642003	491	496	using	T169	C1524063
27642003	499	523	validated scoring system	T170	C0282574
27642003	534	540	papers	T170	C1706852
27642003	541	551	identified	T080	C0205396
27642003	573	580	studies	T062	C2603343
27642003	582	591	fulfilled	T067	C1550543
27642003	596	614	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27642003	620	634	cohort studies	T081	C0009247
27642003	640	645	rated	T052	C0871208
27642003	649	657	moderate	T080	C1881878
27642003	658	665	quality	T080	C0332306
27642003	674	694	case-control studies	T062	C0007328
27642003	700	705	rated	T052	C0871208
27642003	709	713	weak	T080	C1762617
27642003	720	729	comparing	T052	C1707455
27642003	730	736	people	T098	C0027361
27642003	742	745	OPC	T191	C2349952
27642003	749	752	OCC	T191	C0151546
27642003	756	762	people	T098	C0027361
27642003	763	770	without	T080	C0332288
27642003	771	777	cancer	T191	C0007097
27642003	785	794	comparing	T052	C1707455
27642003	795	807	HPV-positive	T034	C4288937
27642003	811	823	HPV-negative	T034	C1271959
27642003	824	830	cancer	T191	C0007097
27642003	831	839	patients	T101	C0030705
27642003	848	857	comparing	T052	C1707455
27642003	858	862	OPCs	T191	C2349952
27642003	872	876	head	T191	C0751177
27642003	881	893	neck cancers	T191	C0746787
27642003	899	904	study	T062	C2603343
27642003	911	926	pooled analysis	T062	C0936012
27642003	943	951	included	T169	C0332257
27642003	952	959	studies	T169	C1524063
27642003	970	980	additional	T169	C1524062
27642003	981	992	information	T078	C1533716
27642003	1001	1018	sexual behaviours	T053	C0036864
27642003	1024	1032	assessed	T052	C1516048
27642003	1040	1052	associations	T080	C0439849
27642003	1053	1061	reported	T058	C0700287
27642003	1067	1074	studies	T169	C1524063
27642003	1075	1083	differed	T080	C1705242
27642003	1091	1102	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27642003	1113	1130	sexual behaviours	T053	C0036864
27642003	1131	1139	assessed	T052	C1516048
27642003	1160	1168	reported	T058	C0700287
27642003	1173	1184	categorized	T052	C0871968
27642003	1189	1191	no	T169	C1518422
27642003	1192	1204	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27642003	1205	1218	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
27642003	1224	1235	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27642003	1242	1249	studies	T169	C1524063
27642003	1250	1258	combined	T080	C0205195
27642003	1259	1262	OPC	T191	C2349952
27642003	1267	1270	OCC	T191	C0151546
27642003	1272	1279	Several	T081	C0443302
27642003	1280	1293	significantly	T078	C0750502
27642003	1294	1303	increased	T081	C0205217
27642003	1304	1309	risks	T078	C0035647
27642003	1315	1319	seen	T080	C0205397
27642003	1327	1331	high	T080	C0205250
27642003	1332	1338	number	T081	C0237753
27642003	1342	1350	lifetime	T079	C4071830
27642003	1351	1366	sexual partners	T098	C0036911
27642003	1373	1380	studies	T169	C1524063
27642003	1395	1403	practice	T169	C0884358
27642003	1407	1415	oral sex	T055	C0282348
27642003	1422	1429	studies	T169	C1524063
27642003	1445	1452	studies	T062	C2603343
27642003	1453	1458	found	T033	C0150312
27642003	1461	1472	significant	T078	C0750502
27642003	1473	1481	negative	T033	C0205160
27642003	1482	1493	association	T080	C0439849
27642003	1499	1502	OCC	T191	C0151546
27642003	1512	1522	performing	T169	C0884358
27642003	1523	1531	oral sex	T055	C0282348
27642003	1537	1551	cohort studies	T081	C0009247
27642003	1555	1558	men	T098	C0025266
27642003	1563	1568	women	T098	C0043210
27642003	1572	1596	homosexual relationships	T033	C0556477
27642003	1597	1602	found	T033	C0150312
27642003	1603	1612	increases	T169	C0442805
27642003	1616	1627	oral cancer	T191	C0151546
27642003	1628	1632	risk	T078	C0035647
27642003	1640	1652	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27642003	1656	1659	men	T098	C0025266
27642003	1660	1667	married	T033	C0555047
27642003	1671	1676	women	T098	C0043210
27642003	1687	1694	history	T169	C0019665
27642003	1698	1713	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27642003	1729	1738	increased	T081	C0205217
27642003	1739	1743	risk	T078	C0035647
27642003	1747	1759	oral cancers	T191	C0151546
27642003	1761	1768	Results	T169	C1274040
27642003	1779	1796	sexual behaviours	T053	C0036864
27642003	1802	1809	limited	T169	C0439801
27642003	1814	1826	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27642003	1838	1846	included	T169	C0332257
27642003	1851	1860	following	T079	C0332282
27642003	1862	1869	younger	T079	C0332239
27642003	1870	1873	age	T032	C0001779
27642003	1877	1882	first	T081	C0205435
27642003	1883	1901	sexual intercourse	T040	C0009253
27642003	1903	1909	number	T081	C0237753
27642003	1913	1921	lifetime	T079	C4071830
27642003	1922	1930	oral sex	T055	C0282348
27642003	1931	1939	partners	T098	C0036911
27642003	1945	1953	practice	T169	C0884358
27642003	1957	1961	oral	T030	C0226896
27642003	1964	1972	anal sex	T055	C0282347
27642003	1978	1984	number	T081	C0237753
27642003	1988	1992	oral	T030	C0226896
27642003	1995	2003	anal sex	T055	C0282347
27642003	2004	2012	partners	T098	C0036911
27642003	2018	2022	ever	T079	C3887636
27642003	2023	2033	performing	T169	C0884358
27642003	2034	2042	anal sex	T055	C0282347
27642003	2053	2058	study	T062	C2603343
27642003	2059	2067	assessed	T052	C1516048
27642003	2068	2078	casual sex	T033	C0556472
27642003	2080	2093	never or rare	T033	C3843764
27642003	2094	2100	use of	T169	C1524063
27642003	2103	2109	condom	T074	C0677582
27642003	2123	2137	sexual partner	T098	C0036911
27642003	2145	2152	history	T169	C0019665
27642003	2156	2169	genital warts	T047	C0009663
27642003	2171	2178	finding	T033	C0243095
27642003	2179	2190	significant	T078	C0750502
27642003	2191	2203	associations	T080	C0439849
27642003	2222	2232	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27642003	2246	2254	evidence	T078	C3887511
27642003	2259	2276	sexual behaviours	T053	C0036864
27642003	2283	2295	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27642003	2300	2304	oral	T191	C0151546
27642003	2309	2329	oropharyngeal cancer	T191	C2349952
27642003	2333	2340	limited	T169	C0439801
27642003	2345	2357	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27642003	2359	2367	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27642003	2368	2376	suggests	T078	C1705535
27642003	2386	2392	number	T081	C0237753
27642003	2396	2411	sexual partners	T098	C0036911
27642003	2416	2426	performing	T169	C0884358
27642003	2427	2435	oral sex	T055	C0282348
27642003	2440	2455	associated with	T080	C0332281
27642003	2458	2465	greater	T081	C1704243
27642003	2466	2470	risk	T078	C0035647
27642003	2484	2487	men	T098	C0025266
27642003	2494	2502	partners	T098	C0036911
27642003	2512	2527	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27642003	2540	2549	increased	T081	C0205217
27642003	2550	2554	risk	T078	C0035647
27642003	2561	2568	studies	T169	C1524063
27642003	2580	2583	OPC	T191	C2349952
27642003	2605	2611	useful	T080	C3827682
27642003	2615	2624	determine	T080	C0521095
27642003	2639	2649	behaviours	T053	C0036864
27642003	2654	2661	subsite	T082	C1710234
27642003	2664	2673	selective	T052	C1707391

27642330|t|Antibacterial Activity of Polyaniline Coated Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Piper Betle Leaves Extract
27642330|a|Plants or natural resources have been found to be a good alternative method for nanoparticles synthesis. In this study, polyaniline coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from Piper betle leaves extract were investigated for their antibacterial activity. Silver nanoparticles were prepared from the reduction of silver nitrate and NaBH4 was used as reducing agent. Silver nanoparticles and extracts were mixed thoroughly and then coated by polyaniline. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized by Visual inspection, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV), Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. Antibacterial activities of the synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. UV-Vis spectrum of reaction mixture showed strong absorption peak with centering at 400 nm. The FT-IR results imply that Ag-NPs were successfully synthesized and capped with bio-compounds present in P. betle. TEM image showed that Ag-NPs formed were well dispersed with a spherical structures and particle size ranging from 10 to 30 nm. The result revealed that Ag-Extract NPs showed 32.78±0.64 mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus, whereas norfloxacin (positive control) showed maximum 32.15±0.40 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus. Again, maximum zone of inhibition 29.55±0.45 mm was found for S. typhi, 27.12±0.38 mm for E. coli and 21.95±0.45 mm for P. aeruginosa. The results obtained by this study can't be directly extrapolated to human; so further studies should be undertaken to established the strong antimicrobial activity of Ag-Extract NPs for drug development program.
27642330	0	13	Antibacterial	T195	C0279516
27642330	14	22	Activity	T052	C0441655
27642330	26	37	Polyaniline	T109	C0962453
27642330	38	44	Coated	T080	C1522408
27642330	45	51	Silver	T196	C0037125
27642330	52	65	Nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27642330	66	77	Synthesized	T052	C1883254
27642330	83	109	Piper Betle Leaves Extract	T109	C3643364
27642330	110	116	Plants	T002	C0032098
27642330	120	137	natural resources	T078	C0027492
27642330	167	178	alternative	T077	C1523987
27642330	179	185	method	T169	C0449851
27642330	190	203	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27642330	204	213	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27642330	223	228	study	T062	C2603343
27642330	230	241	polyaniline	T109	C0962453
27642330	242	248	coated	T080	C1522408
27642330	249	255	silver	T196	C0037125
27642330	256	269	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27642330	271	276	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
27642330	278	289	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27642330	295	321	Piper betle leaves extract	T109	C3643364
27642330	350	363	antibacterial	T195	C0279516
27642330	364	372	activity	T052	C0441655
27642330	364	372	activity	T052	C0441655
27642330	374	380	Silver	T196	C0037125
27642330	381	394	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27642330	418	427	reduction	T080	C0392756
27642330	431	445	silver nitrate	T121,T197	C0037129
27642330	450	455	NaBH4	T130,T197	C0074728
27642330	468	482	reducing agent	T130	C0376446
27642330	484	490	Silver	T196	C0037125
27642330	491	504	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27642330	509	517	extracts	T123	C0032081
27642330	549	555	coated	T080	C1522408
27642330	559	570	polyaniline	T109	C0962453
27642330	581	594	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27642330	600	613	characterized	T052	C1880022
27642330	617	634	Visual inspection	T169	C2984756
27642330	636	668	Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy	T059	C0037812
27642330	670	672	UV	T059	C0037812
27642330	675	714	Fourier transform infrared Spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
27642330	716	721	FT-IR	T062	C0206055
27642330	724	773	Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques	T059	C0678118
27642330	775	788	Antibacterial	T195	C0279516
27642330	789	799	activities	T052	C0441655
27642330	807	818	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27642330	819	825	silver	T196	C0037125
27642330	826	839	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27642330	845	851	tested	T169	C0039593
27642330	860	892	Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923	T007	C0038172
27642330	894	921	Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028	T007	C0036125
27642330	923	950	Escherichia coli ATCC 25922	T007	C0014834
27642330	955	988	Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853	T007	C0033809
27642330	990	1005	UV-Vis spectrum	T059	C0037812
27642330	1009	1025	reaction mixture	T167	C0439962
27642330	1033	1055	strong absorption peak	T080	C0444505
27642330	1086	1091	FT-IR	T062	C0206055
27642330	1092	1099	results	T034	C0587081
27642330	1111	1117	Ag-NPs	T073	C1721060
27642330	1136	1147	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27642330	1152	1177	capped with bio-compounds	T080	C0205556
27642330	1189	1197	P. betle	T109	C3643364
27642330	1199	1202	TEM	T059	C0678118
27642330	1221	1227	Ag-NPs	T073	C1721060
27642330	1245	1254	dispersed	T082	C0332624
27642330	1262	1282	spherical structures	T082	C0332501
27642330	1287	1300	particle size	T081	C0030608
27642330	1331	1337	result	T169	C1274040
27642330	1338	1346	revealed	T080	C0443289
27642330	1352	1366	Ag-Extract NPs	T073	C1450054
27642330	1396	1406	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27642330	1415	1424	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27642330	1434	1445	norfloxacin	T109,T195	C0028365
27642330	1447	1463	positive control	T077	C1883676
27642330	1502	1512	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27642330	1517	1526	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27642330	1535	1547	maximum zone	T082	C1710706
27642330	1551	1561	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27642330	1590	1598	S. typhi	T007	C0036125
27642330	1618	1625	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27642330	1648	1661	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27642330	1667	1674	results	T169	C1274040
27642330	1692	1697	study	T062	C2603343
27642330	1716	1728	extrapolated	T081	C3176113
27642330	1732	1737	human	T016	C0086418
27642330	1742	1757	further studies	T062	C0008972
27642330	1805	1818	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
27642330	1819	1827	activity	T052	C0441655
27642330	1831	1845	Ag-Extract NPs	T073	C1450054
27642330	1850	1874	drug development program	T091	C0872152

27642699|t|Subcellular reprogramming of metabolism during cold acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana
27642699|a|Metabolite changes in plant leaves during exposure to low temperatures involve re-allocation of a large number of metabolites between sub-cellular compartments. Therefore, metabolite determination at the whole cell level may be insufficient for interpretation of the functional significance of cellular compounds. To investigate the cold - induced metabolite dynamics at the level of individual sub-cellular compartments, an integrative platform was developed that combines quantitative metabolite profiling by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with the non-aqueous fractionation technique allowing separation of cytosol, vacuole and the plastidial compartment. Two mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana representing antipodes in the diversion of carbohydrate metabolism between sucrose and starch were compared to Col-0 wildtype before and after cold acclimation to investigate interactions of cold acclimation with subcellular re-programming of metabolism. A multivariate analysis of the data set revealed dominant effects of compartmentation on metabolite concentrations that were modulated by environmental condition and genetic determinants. While for both, the starchless mutant of plastidial phospho-gluco mutase (pgm) and a mutant defective in sucrose-phosphate synthase A1, metabolic constraints, especially at low temperature, could be uncovered based on subcellularly resolved metabolite profiles, only pgm had lowered freezing tolerance. Metabolic profiles of pgm point to redox imbalance as a possible reason for reduced cold acclimation capacity.
27642699	0	25	Subcellular reprogramming	T043	C3850096
27642699	29	39	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27642699	47	63	cold acclimation	T040	C1154978
27642699	67	87	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
27642699	88	98	Metabolite	T123	C0870883
27642699	99	106	changes	T081	C0443172
27642699	110	122	plant leaves	T002	C0242724
27642699	130	141	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27642699	142	158	low temperatures	T070	C0009264
27642699	167	180	re-allocation	T052	C1706778
27642699	202	213	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27642699	222	247	sub-cellular compartments	T026	C0729605
27642699	260	270	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27642699	271	284	determination	T059	C1148554
27642699	292	302	whole cell	T025	C0007634
27642699	303	308	level	T080	C0441889
27642699	316	328	insufficient	T080	C0231180
27642699	333	347	interpretation	T170	C0459471
27642699	355	365	functional	T169	C0205245
27642699	366	378	significance	T078	C0750502
27642699	382	390	cellular	T025	C0007634
27642699	391	400	compounds	T103	C1706082
27642699	405	416	investigate	T169	C1292732
27642699	421	425	cold	T070	C0009264
27642699	428	435	induced	T169	C0205263
27642699	436	446	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27642699	447	455	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27642699	463	468	level	T080	C0441889
27642699	483	508	sub-cellular compartments	T026	C0729605
27642699	562	574	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27642699	575	595	metabolite profiling	T039	C3853758
27642699	599	646	gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry	T059	C0024868
27642699	648	653	GC-MS	T059	C0024868
27642699	664	699	non-aqueous fractionation technique	T059	C1656251
27642699	709	719	separation	T080	C0443299
27642699	723	730	cytosol	T026	C1383501
27642699	732	739	vacuole	T026	C0042219
27642699	748	758	plastidial	T026	C0206524
27642699	759	770	compartment	T017	C2349967
27642699	776	783	mutants	T049	C0596988
27642699	787	807	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
27642699	808	820	representing	T052	C1882932
27642699	821	830	antipodes	T025	C0007634
27642699	838	847	diversion	T169	C0439843
27642699	851	874	carbohydrate metabolism	T044	C0302820
27642699	883	890	sucrose	T109,T121,T123	C0038636
27642699	895	901	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27642699	919	933	Col-0 wildtype	T002	C0162740
27642699	951	967	cold acclimation	T040	C1154978
27642699	971	982	investigate	T169	C1292732
27642699	983	995	interactions	T169	C1704675
27642699	999	1015	cold acclimation	T040	C1154978
27642699	1021	1047	subcellular re-programming	T043	C3850096
27642699	1051	1061	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27642699	1065	1086	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27642699	1094	1102	data set	T170	C0150098
27642699	1103	1111	revealed	T080	C0443289
27642699	1112	1120	dominant	T169	C1527180
27642699	1121	1131	effects of	T080	C1704420
27642699	1132	1148	compartmentation	T043	C0007583
27642699	1152	1162	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27642699	1163	1177	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27642699	1201	1224	environmental condition	T070	C1254365
27642699	1229	1249	genetic determinants	T091	C0017400
27642699	1271	1288	starchless mutant	T049	C0596988
27642699	1292	1302	plastidial	T026	C0206524
27642699	1303	1323	phospho-gluco mutase	T116,T126	C0031653
27642699	1325	1328	pgm	T116,T126	C0031653
27642699	1336	1342	mutant	T049	C0596988
27642699	1343	1352	defective	T169	C0332452
27642699	1356	1385	sucrose-phosphate synthase A1	T116,T126	C0075486
27642699	1387	1396	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27642699	1397	1408	constraints	T169	C0443288
27642699	1424	1439	low temperature	T070	C0009264
27642699	1450	1459	uncovered	T169	C0439845
27642699	1469	1482	subcellularly	T025	C0007634
27642699	1483	1491	resolved	T033	C3714811
27642699	1492	1511	metabolite profiles	T039	C3853758
27642699	1518	1521	pgm	T116,T126	C0031653
27642699	1526	1533	lowered	T081	C1272755
27642699	1534	1552	freezing tolerance	T038	C1326875
27642699	1554	1572	Metabolic profiles	T039	C3853758
27642699	1576	1579	pgm	T116,T126	C0031653
27642699	1589	1594	redox	T044	C0030012
27642699	1638	1654	cold acclimation	T040	C1154978
27642699	1655	1663	capacity	T081	C1516240

27643557|t|Discovery of novel antagonists of human neurotensin receptor 1 on the basis of ligand and protein structure
27643557|a|Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) is a cell surface receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) A superfamily. NTR1 plays an important role in neuronal and non - neuronal systems. Using the previously identified crystal structure of rat NTR1 (rNTR1), we screened for potential candidates of human NTR1 (hNTR1) ligand. Approximately 10,000 compounds were selected using the docking score, followed by pharmacophore -based virtual screening and a two-dimensional (2D)-fingerprint structural similarity search. The identified molecules were tested by in vitro calcium flux assay. Four compounds showed micromolar level affinity, of which, one compound can inhibit hNTR1 / CHO cells ' proliferation by cell viability assays. To improve the affinity of these positive hit compounds, a homology model of hNTR1 was built on the basis of the crystal structure of rNTR1. The hit compounds will be further optimized on the basis of the structure of the hNTR1 receptor to be the targets for drugs directed against diseases associated with hNTR1. The results demonstrate that the method we used is valid, which will be treated as a useful tool to search for the agonists or antagonists of our interested target protein. Moreover, the compound we tested may provide a hopeful clue for treating the diseases related with hNTR1.
27643557	19	30	antagonists	T120	C0243076
27643557	34	62	human neurotensin receptor 1	T116,T192	C1741785
27643557	79	85	ligand	T103	C0023688
27643557	90	107	protein structure	T116	C1510464
27643557	108	130	Neurotensin receptor 1	T116,T192	C0756552
27643557	132	136	NTR1	T116,T192	C0756552
27643557	143	164	cell surface receptor	T116,T192	C0034800
27643557	182	208	G protein-coupled receptor	T116,T192	C0682972
27643557	210	214	GPCR	T116,T192	C0682972
27643557	218	229	superfamily	T077	C1883220
27643557	231	235	NTR1	T116,T192	C0756552
27643557	263	271	neuronal	T022	C0027763
27643557	276	279	non	T169	C1518422
27643557	282	298	neuronal systems	T022	C0027763
27643557	332	349	crystal structure	T026	C0230587
27643557	353	361	rat NTR1	T116,T192	C1738937
27643557	363	368	rNTR1	T116,T192	C1738937
27643557	411	421	human NTR1	T116,T192	C1741785
27643557	423	428	hNTR1	T116,T192	C1741785
27643557	430	436	ligand	T103	C0023688
27643557	459	468	compounds	T080	C0205198
27643557	493	500	docking	T044	C1522290
27643557	520	533	pharmacophore	T192	C0599740
27643557	541	558	virtual screening	T062	C1516769
27643557	581	626	(2D)-fingerprint structural similarity search	T059	C0022885
27643557	668	676	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27643557	677	695	calcium flux assay	T059	C1510438
27643557	702	711	compounds	T080	C0205198
27643557	719	744	micromolar level affinity	UnknownType	C0683185
27643557	760	768	compound	T080	C0205198
27643557	773	780	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27643557	781	786	hNTR1	T116,T192	C1741785
27643557	789	798	CHO cells	T025	C0085080
27643557	801	814	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27643557	818	839	cell viability assays	T062	C0242481
27643557	856	864	affinity	UnknownType	C0683185
27643557	887	896	compounds	T080	C0205198
27643557	900	914	homology model	T063	C1512489
27643557	918	923	hNTR1	T116,T192	C1741785
27643557	954	971	crystal structure	T026	C0230587
27643557	975	980	rNTR1	T116,T192	C1738937
27643557	990	999	compounds	T080	C0205198
27643557	1046	1055	structure	T085	C0026383
27643557	1063	1077	hNTR1 receptor	T116,T192	C1741785
27643557	1100	1105	drugs	T121	C1254351
27643557	1123	1131	diseases	T047	C0012634
27643557	1148	1153	hNTR1	T116,T192	C1741785
27643557	1270	1278	agonists	T121	C2987634
27643557	1282	1293	antagonists	T120	C0243076
27643557	1312	1326	target protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27643557	1392	1400	treating	T169	C1522326
27643557	1405	1413	diseases	T047	C0012634
27643557	1427	1432	hNTR1	T116,T192	C1741785

27643784|t|Dental enamel defects in German medieval and early-modern-age populations
27643784|a|Aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in a medieval and an early-modern-age population from Thuringia, Germany. Sixty-six skeletons subdivided into 31 single burials (12(th)/13(th) c.) and 35 individuals buried in groups (15(th)/16(th) c.) were examined. DDE were classified on 1,246 teeth according to the DDE index. Molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH), a special type of DDE, was recorded according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. DDE was found in 89.4% of the individuals (single burials 90.3% and group burials 88.6%). Hypoplastic pits were the most frequent defect in primary teeth and linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) in permanent teeth. 13 individuals (24.1%) showed at least one hypomineralised permanent tooth, 12.2% had MIH on at least one first permanent molar and 10.0% in permanent incisors. Second primary molars were affected in 8.0% of the children and juveniles. No individual suffered from affected molars and incisors in combination. Endogenous factors like nutritional deficiencies and health problems in early childhood could have been aetiological reasons of DDE and MIH. The frequency of DDE and MIH might have been masked by extended carious lesions, dental wear and ante-mortem tooth loss.
27643784	0	6	Dental	T080	C0226984
27643784	7	21	enamel defects	T033	C2750331
27643784	25	31	German	T098	C1556085
27643784	32	40	medieval	T079	C0242321
27643784	45	61	early-modern-age	T079	C0242818
27643784	62	73	populations	T098	C1257890
27643784	74	77	Aim	T078	C1947946
27643784	86	91	study	T062	C2603343
27643784	99	110	investigate	T169	C1292732
27643784	115	124	frequency	T079	C0439603
27643784	129	133	type	T080	C0332307
27643784	137	168	developmental defects of enamel	T033	C2750331
27643784	170	173	DDE	T033	C2750331
27643784	180	188	medieval	T079	C0242321
27643784	196	212	early-modern-age	T079	C0242818
27643784	213	223	population	T098	C1257890
27643784	229	247	Thuringia, Germany	T083	C0017480
27643784	259	268	skeletons	T022	C0816871
27643784	269	279	subdivided	T169	C0332849
27643784	288	294	single	T081	C0205171
27643784	295	302	burials	T052	C0006407
27643784	329	340	individuals	T098	C0237401
27643784	341	347	buried	T052	C0006407
27643784	351	357	groups	T078	C0441833
27643784	382	390	examined	T033	C0332128
27643784	392	395	DDE	T033	C2750331
27643784	401	411	classified	T185	C0008902
27643784	421	426	teeth	T023	C0040426
27643784	444	447	DDE	T033	C2750331
27643784	448	453	index	T170	C0918012
27643784	455	487	Molar-incisor-hypomineralisation	T047	C2350038
27643784	489	492	MIH	T047	C2350038
27643784	505	509	type	T080	C0332307
27643784	513	516	DDE	T033	C2750331
27643784	522	530	recorded	T170	C0034869
27643784	548	588	European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry	T092	C0000877
27643784	590	594	EAPD	T092	C0000877
27643784	596	604	criteria	T078	C0243161
27643784	606	609	DDE	T033	C2750331
27643784	636	647	individuals	T098	C0237401
27643784	649	655	single	T081	C0205171
27643784	656	663	burials	T052	C0006407
27643784	674	679	group	T078	C0441833
27643784	680	687	burials	T052	C0006407
27643784	696	707	Hypoplastic	T169	C0543481
27643784	708	712	pits	T033	C1860853
27643784	727	735	frequent	T079	C0332183
27643784	736	742	defect	T169	C1457869
27643784	746	759	primary teeth	T023	C3266841
27643784	764	788	linear enamel hypoplasia	T047	C0011351
27643784	790	793	LEH	T047	C0011351
27643784	798	813	permanent teeth	T023	C1720362
27643784	818	829	individuals	T098	C0237401
27643784	858	873	hypomineralised	T047	C0085511
27643784	874	889	permanent tooth	T023	C0348070
27643784	901	904	MIH	T047	C2350038
27643784	927	942	permanent molar	T023	C0026367
27643784	956	974	permanent incisors	T023	C3161464
27643784	976	997	Second primary molars	T023	C0227108
27643784	1003	1011	affected	T169	C0392760
27643784	1027	1035	children	T100	C0008059
27643784	1040	1049	juveniles	T100	C3146221
27643784	1054	1064	individual	T098	C0237401
27643784	1079	1087	affected	T169	C0392760
27643784	1088	1094	molars	T023	C0026367
27643784	1099	1107	incisors	T023	C0021156
27643784	1111	1122	combination	T080	C0205195
27643784	1124	1134	Endogenous	T169	C0205227
27643784	1135	1142	factors	T169	C1521761
27643784	1148	1172	nutritional deficiencies	T047	C0162429
27643784	1177	1192	health problems	T033	C1398682
27643784	1196	1201	early	T079	C1279919
27643784	1202	1211	childhood	T079	C0231335
27643784	1228	1240	aetiological	T169	C1314792
27643784	1241	1248	reasons	T078	C0392360
27643784	1252	1255	DDE	T033	C2750331
27643784	1260	1263	MIH	T047	C2350038
27643784	1269	1278	frequency	T079	C0439603
27643784	1282	1285	DDE	T033	C2750331
27643784	1290	1293	MIH	T047	C2350038
27643784	1310	1316	masked	T062	C0150108
27643784	1320	1328	extended	T082	C0231449
27643784	1329	1344	carious lesions	T047	C0011334
27643784	1346	1357	dental wear	T037	C2717979
27643784	1362	1373	ante-mortem	T033	C0243095
27643784	1374	1384	tooth loss	T020	C0080233

27643901|t|Clinical Pearls in Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders
27643901|a|Hyperkinetic movements, such as tremor, myoclonus, chorea, and dystonia, occur in many neurologic and medical conditions. Accurate clinical evaluation is the important first step for the proper diagnosis and treatment of patients with abnormal movements.
27643901	0	15	Clinical Pearls	T170	C2708733
27643901	19	25	Tremor	T184	C0040822
27643901	36	57	Hyperkinetic Movement	T048	C0424295
27643901	58	67	Disorders	T048	C0004936
27643901	68	90	Hyperkinetic movements	T048	C0424295
27643901	100	106	tremor	T184	C0040822
27643901	108	117	myoclonus	T184	C0027066
27643901	119	125	chorea	T047	C0008489
27643901	131	139	dystonia	T184	C0013421
27643901	155	165	neurologic	T047	C0524851
27643901	170	188	medical conditions	T047	C0012634
27643901	199	218	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
27643901	262	271	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27643901	276	285	treatment	T061	C0087111
27643901	289	297	patients	T101	C0030705
27643901	303	321	abnormal movements	T047	C0013384

27643972|t|Glycosylation of inositol phosphorylceramide sphingolipids is required for normal growth and reproduction in Arabidopsis
27643972|a|Sphingolipids are a major component of plant plasma membranes and endomembranes, and mediate a diverse range of biological processes. Study of the highly glycosylated glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide (GIPC) sphingolipids has been slow as a result of challenges associated with the extractability of GIPCs, and their functions in the plant remain poorly characterized. We recently discovered an Arabidopsis GIPC glucuronosyltransferase, INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE 1 (IPUT1), which is the first enzyme in the GIPC glycosylation pathway. Plants homozygous for the iput1 loss-of-function mutation were unobtainable, and so the developmental effects of reduced GIPC glucuronosylation could not be analyzed in planta. Using a pollen -specific rescue construct, we have here isolated homozygous iput1 mutants. The iput1 mutants show severe dwarfism, compromised pollen tube guidance, and constitutive activation of salicyclic acid -mediated defense pathways. The mutants also possess reduced GIPC s, increased ceramides, and an increased incorporation of short-chain fatty acids and dihydroxylated bases into inositol phosphorylceramides and GIPCs. The assignment of a direct role for GIPC glycan head groups in the impaired processes in iput1 mutants is complicated by the vast compensatory changes in the sphingolipidome; however, our results reveal that the glycosylation steps of GIPC biosynthesis are important regulated components of sphingolipid metabolism. This study corroborates previously suggested roles for GIPC glycans in plant growth and defense, suggests important roles for them in reproduction and demonstrates that the entire sphingolipidome is sensitive to their status.
27643972	0	13	Glycosylation	T044	C1158407
27643972	17	44	inositol phosphorylceramide	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	45	58	sphingolipids	T109	C0037900
27643972	82	88	growth	T040	C0597252
27643972	93	105	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27643972	109	120	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
27643972	121	134	Sphingolipids	T109	C0037900
27643972	160	165	plant	T002	C0032098
27643972	166	182	plasma membranes	T026	C0007603
27643972	187	200	endomembranes	T026	C1167315
27643972	216	223	diverse	T080	C1880371
27643972	224	229	range	T081	C1514721
27643972	233	253	biological processes	T038	C3714634
27643972	255	260	Study	T062	C2603343
27643972	275	324	glycosylated glycosyl inositol phosphorylceramide	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	326	330	GIPC	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	332	345	sphingolipids	T109	C0037900
27643972	424	429	GIPCs	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	441	450	functions	T169	C0542341
27643972	458	463	plant	T002	C0032098
27643972	519	530	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
27643972	531	535	GIPC	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	536	559	glucuronosyltransferase	T116,T126	C0041560
27643972	561	614	INOSITOL PHOSPHORYLCERAMIDE GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASE 1	T116,T126	C4041908
27643972	616	621	IPUT1	T116,T126	C4041908
27643972	643	649	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27643972	657	661	GIPC	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	662	675	glycosylation	T044	C1158407
27643972	676	683	pathway	T044	C1704259
27643972	685	691	Plants	T002	C0032098
27643972	692	702	homozygous	T032	C0019904
27643972	711	716	iput1	T028	C0017337
27643972	717	742	loss-of-function mutation	T045	C0026882
27643972	773	786	developmental	T080	C0458003
27643972	787	794	effects	T080	C1280500
27643972	806	810	GIPC	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	811	828	glucuronosylation	T044	C3268391
27643972	842	850	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27643972	854	860	planta	T002	C0032098
27643972	870	876	pollen	T002	C0032385
27643972	887	903	rescue construct	T114	C0598279
27643972	927	937	homozygous	T032	C0019904
27643972	938	951	iput1 mutants	T028	C0678941
27643972	957	970	iput1 mutants	T028	C0678941
27643972	983	991	dwarfism	T019	C0013336
27643972	993	1004	compromised	T033	C2945640
27643972	1005	1025	pollen tube guidance	T042	C1327525
27643972	1031	1054	constitutive activation	T044	C1148560
27643972	1058	1073	salicyclic acid	T123	C0566267
27643972	1084	1091	defense	T077	C1880266
27643972	1092	1100	pathways	T044	C1704259
27643972	1106	1113	mutants	T028	C0678941
27643972	1135	1139	GIPC	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	1143	1152	increased	T081	C0205217
27643972	1153	1162	ceramides	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	1171	1180	increased	T081	C0205217
27643972	1198	1221	short-chain fatty acids	T109,T123	C0015691
27643972	1226	1246	dihydroxylated bases	T120	C0178499
27643972	1252	1280	inositol phosphorylceramides	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	1285	1290	GIPCs	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	1328	1332	GIPC	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	1333	1339	glycan	T109,T121	C0032594
27643972	1359	1377	impaired processes	T044	C1148560
27643972	1381	1394	iput1 mutants	T028	C0678941
27643972	1422	1434	compensatory	T169	C0231186
27643972	1435	1442	changes	T169	C0392747
27643972	1450	1465	sphingolipidome	T109	C0037900
27643972	1480	1487	results	T169	C1274040
27643972	1504	1517	glycosylation	T044	C1158407
27643972	1527	1531	GIPC	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	1532	1544	biosynthesis	T038	C0220781
27643972	1569	1579	components	T077	C1705248
27643972	1583	1606	sphingolipid metabolism	T044	C1158438
27643972	1613	1618	study	T062	C2603343
27643972	1663	1667	GIPC	T109,T123	C0007745
27643972	1679	1691	plant growth	T040	C0597252
27643972	1696	1703	defense	T077	C1880266
27643972	1742	1754	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27643972	1788	1803	sphingolipidome	T109	C0037900
27643972	1807	1816	sensitive	T169	C0332324

27644077|t|Major amyloid-β-degrading enzymes, endothelin-converting enzyme-2 and neprilysin, are expressed by distinct populations of GABAergic interneurons in hippocampus and neocortex
27644077|a|Impaired clearance of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) has been postulated to significantly contribute to the amyloid accumulation typical of Alzheimer's disease. Among the enzymes known to degrade Aβ in vivo are endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE)-1, ECE-2, and neprilysin (NEP), and evidence suggests that they regulate independent pools of Aβ that may be functionally significant. To better understand the differential regulation of Aβ concentration by its physiological degrading enzymes, we characterized the cell and region-specific expression pattern of ECE-1, ECE-2, and NEP by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in brain areas relevant to Alzheimer's disease. In contrast to the broader distribution of ECE-1, ECE-2 and NEP were found enriched in GABAergic neurons. ECE-2 was majorly expressed by somatostatin - expressing interneurons and was active in isolated synaptosomes. NEP messenger RNA was found mainly in parvalbumin - expressing interneurons, with NEP protein localized to perisomatic parvalbuminergic synapses. The identification of somatostatinergic and parvalbuminergic synapses as hubs for Aβ degradation is consistent with the possibility that Aβ may have a physiological function related to the regulation of inhibitory signaling.
27644077	6	33	amyloid-β-degrading enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27644077	35	65	endothelin-converting enzyme-2	T116,T126	C1567265
27644077	70	80	neprilysin	T116,T126	C0025250
27644077	86	95	expressed	T045	C1171362
27644077	123	145	GABAergic interneurons	T025	C0815002
27644077	149	160	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27644077	165	174	neocortex	T023	C0175173
27644077	197	214	amyloid-β peptide	T116	C0078939
27644077	216	218	Aβ	T116	C0078939
27644077	275	282	amyloid	T116,T123	C0002716
27644077	283	295	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27644077	307	326	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27644077	338	345	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27644077	363	365	Aβ	T116	C0078939
27644077	366	373	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27644077	378	406	endothelin-converting enzyme	T116,T126	C2745878
27644077	407	414	(ECE)-1	T116,T126	C0246118
27644077	416	421	ECE-2	T116,T126	C1567265
27644077	427	437	neprilysin	T116,T126	C0025250
27644077	439	442	NEP	T116,T126	C0025250
27644077	507	509	Aβ	T116	C0078939
27644077	573	596	differential regulation	T038	C1327622
27644077	600	602	Aβ	T116	C0078939
27644077	603	616	concentration	T081	C1446561
27644077	624	655	physiological degrading enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27644077	678	682	cell	T025	C0007634
27644077	687	713	region-specific expression	T045	C1171362
27644077	725	730	ECE-1	T116,T126	C0246118
27644077	732	737	ECE-2	T116,T126	C1567265
27644077	743	746	NEP	T116,T126	C0025250
27644077	750	771	in situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
27644077	776	796	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27644077	800	811	brain areas	T023	C0006104
27644077	824	843	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27644077	888	893	ECE-1	T116,T126	C0246118
27644077	895	900	ECE-2	T116,T126	C1567265
27644077	905	908	NEP	T116,T126	C0025250
27644077	932	949	GABAergic neurons	T025	C0815002
27644077	951	956	ECE-2	T116,T126	C1567265
27644077	969	978	expressed	T045	C1171362
27644077	982	994	somatostatin	T116,T121,T125	C0037659
27644077	997	1007	expressing	T045	C1171362
27644077	1008	1020	interneurons	T025	C0021792
27644077	1048	1060	synaptosomes	T026	C0039067
27644077	1062	1065	NEP	T116,T126	C0025250
27644077	1066	1079	messenger RNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27644077	1100	1111	parvalbumin	T116,T123	C0030616
27644077	1114	1124	expressing	T045	C1171362
27644077	1125	1137	interneurons	T025	C0021792
27644077	1144	1147	NEP	T116,T126	C0025250
27644077	1148	1155	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27644077	1169	1206	perisomatic parvalbuminergic synapses	T030	C0039062
27644077	1230	1247	somatostatinergic	T030	C0039062
27644077	1252	1277	parvalbuminergic synapses	T030	C0039062
27644077	1290	1304	Aβ degradation	T044	C0597304
27644077	1345	1347	Aβ	T116	C0078939
27644077	1359	1381	physiological function	T039	C1254359
27644077	1397	1407	regulation	T038	C2756011
27644077	1411	1431	inhibitory signaling	T038	C3537152

27644674|t|Breast Cancer Detection Rate, Incidence, Prevalence and Interval Cancer -related Mammography Screening Times among Thai Women
27644674|a|A recent guideline by the American Cancer Society recommended that mammography (MMG) should be done for women starting in their mid-40s. In Thailand, information on opportunistic mammography screening is limited and data on the total incidence of breast cancer are also lacking. The purpose of this study was to estimate the breast cancer detection, incident and prevalence rates among Thai women. We retrospectively reviewed the opportunistic mammography screening of normal women between 30 and 80 years who underwent the procedure between 2001 and 2010. All cases were followed until 2012. The detection rate was calculated for the whole period of observation using ' number of women with positive findings ' divided by ' total number of women screened '. The incidence rate was calculated only at the first MMG while the subsequence rate was calculated based on all new cases detected at each subsequent MMG. Among the 47,430 women, there were 152,091 MMGs or approximately 3.2 occasions per person (range, 1-10). The average duration of the interval between each subsequence visit was 1.8 years. Overall, breast cancer was detected in 543 women, with a detection rate of 10.3 per 1,000 persons. The prevalence rate of breast cancer at the first visit was 5.78 per 1,000 person s. The incidence or new cases detected at any follow-up visit was 10.4 per 1,000 person s. The overall interval cancer was 0.91 per 1,000 women, mainly detected before their second and third MMG, with a rate of 0.0.47 and 0.76 per 1,000 women. Opportunistic mammography screening in Thailand detected 10 cases of breast cancer from each 1,000 women. This paper indicated a high rate of cancer detection during a two year interval, hence, a screening mammogram should be performed more often.
27644674	0	13	Breast Cancer	T191	C0006142
27644674	14	28	Detection Rate	T081	C0392762
27644674	30	39	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27644674	41	51	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
27644674	56	64	Interval	T079	C1272706
27644674	65	71	Cancer	T191	C0006826
27644674	81	102	Mammography Screening	T061	C0203028
27644674	103	108	Times	T079	C0040223
27644674	115	119	Thai	T098	C0337910
27644674	120	125	Women	T098	C0043210
27644674	135	144	guideline	T170	C0162791
27644674	152	175	American Cancer Society	T094	C0002455
27644674	193	204	mammography	T060	C0024671
27644674	206	209	MMG	T060	C0024671
27644674	230	235	women	T098	C0043210
27644674	266	274	Thailand	T083	C0039725
27644674	291	326	opportunistic mammography screening	T058	C0422389
27644674	330	337	limited	T169	C0439801
27644674	342	346	data	T078	C1511726
27644674	360	369	incidence	T081	C0021149
27644674	373	386	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27644674	425	430	study	T062	C0008972
27644674	438	446	estimate	T081	C0750572
27644674	451	464	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27644674	465	474	detection	T058	C1516193
27644674	476	484	incident	T067	C1551358
27644674	489	505	prevalence rates	T081	C0220900
27644674	512	516	Thai	T098	C0337910
27644674	517	522	women	T098	C0043210
27644674	556	591	opportunistic mammography screening	T058	C0422389
27644674	602	607	women	T098	C0043210
27644674	626	631	years	T079	C0439234
27644674	650	659	procedure	T058	C0220908
27644674	723	737	detection rate	T081	C0392762
27644674	777	788	observation	T062	C0302523
27644674	797	803	number	T081	C0237753
27644674	807	812	women	T098	C0043210
27644674	818	835	positive findings	T033	C0586815
27644674	851	863	total number	T081	C4288115
27644674	867	872	women	T098	C0043210
27644674	873	881	screened	T060	C0199230
27644674	889	903	incidence rate	T081	C1708485
27644674	908	918	calculated	T169	C0444686
27644674	937	940	MMG	T060	C0024671
27644674	1006	1014	detected	T033	C0442726
27644674	1034	1037	MMG	T060	C0024671
27644674	1056	1061	women	T098	C0043210
27644674	1082	1086	MMGs	T060	C0024671
27644674	1122	1128	person	T098	C0027361
27644674	1156	1164	duration	T079	C0449238
27644674	1172	1180	interval	T079	C1272706
27644674	1220	1225	years	T079	C0439234
27644674	1236	1249	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27644674	1254	1262	detected	T033	C0442726
27644674	1270	1275	women	T098	C0043210
27644674	1284	1298	detection rate	T081	C0392762
27644674	1317	1324	persons	T098	C0027361
27644674	1330	1345	prevalence rate	T081	C0220900
27644674	1349	1362	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27644674	1401	1407	person	T098	C0027361
27644674	1415	1424	incidence	T081	C0021149
27644674	1438	1446	detected	T033	C0442726
27644674	1489	1495	person	T098	C0027361
27644674	1511	1519	interval	T079	C1272706
27644674	1546	1551	women	T098	C0043210
27644674	1560	1568	detected	T033	C0442726
27644674	1599	1602	MMG	T060	C0024671
27644674	1645	1650	women	T098	C0043210
27644674	1652	1687	Opportunistic mammography screening	T058	C0422389
27644674	1691	1699	Thailand	T083	C0039725
27644674	1700	1708	detected	T033	C0442726
27644674	1721	1734	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27644674	1751	1756	women	T098	C0043210
27644674	1794	1810	cancer detection	T058	C1516193
27644674	1829	1837	interval	T079	C1272706
27644674	1848	1867	screening mammogram	T061	C0203028

27644675|t|Accuracy of FDG-PET/CT for Detection of Incidental Pre-Malignant and Malignant Colonic Lesions - Correlation with Colonoscopic and Histopathologic Findings
27644675|a|We evaluated all PET/CTs acquired for patients without a primary diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and compared results for those who had subsequent colonoscopy within 6 months, to assess the accuracy of FDG PET/CT for detection of incidental pre-malignant polyps and malignant colon cancers. Medical records of 9,545 patients who underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT studies over 3.5 years were retrospectively reviewed. Due to pre-existing diagnosis of colorectal cancer, 818 patients were excluded. Of the remainder, 157 patients had colonoscopy within 6 months (79 males; mean age 61). We divided the colon into 4 regions and compared PET/CT results for each region with colonoscopy and histopathologic findings. True positive lesions included colorectal cancer, villous adenoma, tubulovillous adenoma, tubular adenoma and serrated hyperplastic polyp / hyperplastic polyposis. Of 157 patients, 44 had incidental colonic uptake on PET/CT (28%). Of those, 25 had true positive (TP) uptake, yielding a 48% positive predictive value (PPV); 9% (4/44) were adenocarcinoma. There were 23 false positive (FP) lesions of which 4 were hyperplastic polyps, one was a juvenile polyp and 7 were explained by diverticulitis. Fifty eight patients had false negative PET scans but colonoscopy revealed true pre-malignant and malignant pathology, yielding 23% sensitivity. The specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were 96%, 90% and 87%, respectively. The average SUVmax values of TP, FP and FN lesions were 7.25, 6.11 and 2.76, respectively. There were no significant difference between SUVmax of TP lesions and FP lesions (p>0.95) but significantly higher than in FN lesions (p<0.001). The average size (by histopathology and colonoscopy) of TP lesion s was 18.1 mm, statistically different from that of FN lesions which was 5.9 mm (p<0.001). Fifty-one percent of FN lesion s were smaller than 5 mm (29/57) and 88% smaller than 10 mm (50/57). The high positive predictive value of incidental focal colonic FDG uptake of 48% for colonic neoplasia suggests that colonoscopy follow-up is warranted with this finding. We observed a low sensitivity of standardly acquired FDG-PET/CT for detecting small polyps, especially those less than 5 mm. Clinicians and radiologists should be aware of the high PPV of focal colonic uptake reflecting pre-malignant and malignant lesion s, and the need for appropriate follow up.
27644675	0	8	Accuracy	T080	C0598285
27644675	12	22	FDG-PET/CT	T060	C4271885
27644675	27	36	Detection	T061	C1511790
27644675	40	50	Incidental	T169	C0444507
27644675	51	64	Pre-Malignant	T191	C0850639
27644675	69	94	Malignant Colonic Lesions	T191	C0349051
27644675	97	108	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27644675	114	126	Colonoscopic	T060	C1134637
27644675	131	155	Histopathologic Findings	T034	C0428093
27644675	159	168	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27644675	173	180	PET/CTs	T060	C1699633
27644675	194	202	patients	T101	C0030705
27644675	213	230	primary diagnosis	T080	C0332137
27644675	234	251	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27644675	257	265	compared	T052	C1707455
27644675	266	273	results	T169	C1274040
27644675	303	314	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27644675	324	330	months	T079	C0439231
27644675	335	341	assess	T052	C1516048
27644675	346	354	accuracy	T080	C0598285
27644675	358	368	FDG PET/CT	T060	C4271885
27644675	373	382	detection	T061	C1511790
27644675	386	417	incidental pre-malignant polyps	T190	C0032584
27644675	422	445	malignant colon cancers	T191	C0007102
27644675	447	462	Medical records	T170	C0025102
27644675	472	480	patients	T101	C0030705
27644675	495	510	F-18 FDG PET/CT	T201	C4265266
27644675	528	533	years	T079	C0439234
27644675	539	564	retrospectively reviewed.	T062	C0035363
27644675	585	594	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27644675	598	615	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27644675	621	629	patients	T101	C0030705
27644675	667	675	patients	T101	C0030705
27644675	680	691	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27644675	701	707	months	T079	C0439231
27644675	712	717	males	T032	C0086582
27644675	724	727	age	T032	C0001779
27644675	748	753	colon	T204	C3888384
27644675	761	768	regions	T082	C0205147
27644675	773	781	compared	T052	C1707455
27644675	782	788	PET/CT	T060	C1699633
27644675	806	812	region	T082	C0205147
27644675	818	829	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27644675	834	858	histopathologic findings	T034	C0428093
27644675	860	873	True positive	T080	C0205559
27644675	874	881	lesions	T033	C0221198
27644675	891	908	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27644675	910	925	villous adenoma	T191	C0206674
27644675	927	948	tubulovillous adenoma	T191	C0334307
27644675	950	965	tubular adenoma	T191	C0334292
27644675	970	997	serrated hyperplastic polyp	T047	C2826783
27644675	1000	1022	hyperplastic polyposis	T191	C4023010
27644675	1031	1039	patients	T101	C0030705
27644675	1059	1073	colonic uptake	T039	C0243144
27644675	1077	1083	PET/CT	T060	C1699633
27644675	1108	1121	true positive	T080	C0205559
27644675	1123	1125	TP	T080	C0205559
27644675	1127	1133	uptake	T039	C0243144
27644675	1150	1175	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
27644675	1177	1180	PPV	T081	C1514243
27644675	1198	1212	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
27644675	1228	1242	false positive	T034	C0205557
27644675	1244	1246	FP	T034	C0205557
27644675	1248	1255	lesions	T033	C0221198
27644675	1272	1291	hyperplastic polyps	T191	C0333983
27644675	1303	1317	juvenile polyp	T191	C0221273
27644675	1342	1356	diverticulitis	T047	C0012813
27644675	1370	1378	patients	T101	C0030705
27644675	1383	1397	false negative	T034	C0205558
27644675	1398	1407	PET scans	T060	C1699633
27644675	1412	1423	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27644675	1433	1451	true pre-malignant	T080	C1514391
27644675	1456	1465	malignant	T080	C0205282
27644675	1466	1475	pathology	T091	C0030664
27644675	1520	1545	negative predictive value	T081	C1513918
27644675	1547	1550	NPV	T081	C1513918
27644675	1556	1564	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27644675	1614	1627	SUVmax values	T081	C2986846
27644675	1631	1633	TP	T080	C0205559
27644675	1635	1637	FP	T034	C0205557
27644675	1642	1644	FN	T034	C0205558
27644675	1645	1652	lesions	T033	C0221198
27644675	1738	1744	SUVmax	T081	C2986846
27644675	1748	1750	TP	T080	C0205559
27644675	1751	1758	lesions	T033	C0221198
27644675	1763	1765	FP	T034	C0205557
27644675	1766	1773	lesions	T033	C0221198
27644675	1816	1818	FN	T034	C0205558
27644675	1819	1826	lesions	T033	C0221198
27644675	1850	1854	size	T082	C0456389
27644675	1859	1873	histopathology	T091	C0677043
27644675	1878	1889	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27644675	1894	1896	TP	T080	C0205559
27644675	1897	1903	lesion	T033	C0221198
27644675	1919	1932	statistically	T081	C2828391
27644675	1933	1942	different	T080	C1705242
27644675	1956	1958	FN	T034	C0205558
27644675	1959	1966	lesions	T033	C0221198
27644675	2016	2018	FN	T034	C0205558
27644675	2019	2025	lesion	T033	C0221198
27644675	2104	2129	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
27644675	2133	2143	incidental	T169	C0444507
27644675	2144	2149	focal	T082	C0205234
27644675	2150	2157	colonic	T023	C0009368
27644675	2158	2161	FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27644675	2162	2168	uptake	T039	C0243144
27644675	2180	2197	colonic neoplasia	T191	C0009375
27644675	2212	2223	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27644675	2224	2233	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27644675	2319	2329	FDG-PET/CT	T060	C4271885
27644675	2334	2343	detecting	T033	C0442726
27644675	2350	2356	polyps	T190	C0032584
27644675	2391	2401	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
27644675	2406	2418	radiologists	T097	C0260194
27644675	2442	2450	high PPV	T081	C1514243
27644675	2454	2474	focal colonic uptake	T039	C0243144
27644675	2486	2499	pre-malignant	T080	C1514391
27644675	2504	2513	malignant	T080	C0205282
27644675	2514	2520	lesion	T033	C0221198
27644675	2553	2562	follow up	T058	C1522577

27644688|t|Influence of glioblastoma contact with the lateral ventricle on survival: a meta-analysis
27644688|a|The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), which lies in the walls of the lateral ventricles (LV), is the largest neurogenic niche within the adult brain. Whether radiographic contact with the LV influences survival in glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains unclear. We assimilated and analyzed published data comparing survival in GBM patients with (LV + GBM) and without (LV - GBM) radiographic LV contact. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane electronic databases were searched. Fifteen studies with survival data on LV + GBM and LV - GBM patients were identified. Their Kaplan-Meier survival curves were digitized and pooled for generation of median overall (OS) and progression free (PFS) survivals and log-rank hazard ratios (HRs). The log-rank and reported multivariate HRs after accounting for the common predictors of GBM survival were analyzed separately by meta-analyses. The calculated median survivals (months) from pooled data were 12.95 and 16.58 (OS), and 4.54 and 6.25 (PFS) for LV + GBMs and LV - GBMs, respectively, with an overall log-rank HRs of 1.335 [1.204-1.513] (OS) and 1.387 [1.225-1.602] (PFS). Meta-analysis of log-rank HRs resulted in summary HRs of 1.58 [1.35-1.85] (OS, 10 studies) and 1.41 [1.22-1.64] (PFS, 5 studies). Meta-analysis of multivariate HRs resulted in summary HRs of 1.35 [1.14-1.58] (OS, 6 studies) and 1.64 [0.88-3.05] (PFS, 3 studies). Patients with GBM contacting the LV have lower survival. This effect may be independent of the common predictors of GBM survival, suggesting a clinical influence of V-SVZ contact on GBM biology.
27644688	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
27644688	13	25	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
27644688	26	38	contact with	T169	C0332158
27644688	43	60	lateral ventricle	T030	C0152279
27644688	64	72	survival	T169	C0220921
27644688	76	89	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27644688	94	125	ventricular-subventricular zone	T023	C0504215
27644688	127	132	V-SVZ	T023	C0504215
27644688	166	184	lateral ventricles	T030	C0152279
27644688	186	188	LV	T030	C0152279
27644688	198	205	largest	T081	C0443228
27644688	206	222	neurogenic niche	T030	C4239574
27644688	234	239	adult	T100	C0001675
27644688	240	245	brain	T023	C0006104
27644688	255	267	radiographic	T070	C0444708
27644688	268	280	contact with	T169	C0332158
27644688	285	287	LV	T030	C0152279
27644688	288	298	influences	T077	C4054723
27644688	299	307	survival	T169	C0220921
27644688	311	323	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
27644688	325	328	GBM	T191	C0017636
27644688	330	338	patients	T101	C0030705
27644688	347	354	unclear	T033	C3845108
27644688	359	370	assimilated	T041	C1999057
27644688	375	383	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27644688	384	393	published	T057	C0034037
27644688	394	398	data	T078	C1511726
27644688	399	408	comparing	T052	C1707455
27644688	409	417	survival	T169	C0220921
27644688	421	424	GBM	T191	C0017636
27644688	425	433	patients	T101	C0030705
27644688	440	442	LV	T030	C0152279
27644688	445	448	GBM	T191	C0017636
27644688	454	461	without	T080	C0332288
27644688	463	465	LV	T030	C0152279
27644688	468	471	GBM	T191	C0017636
27644688	473	485	radiographic	T070	C0444708
27644688	486	488	LV	T030	C0152279
27644688	489	496	contact	T169	C0332158
27644688	498	504	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27644688	506	512	EMBASE	T170	C0993637
27644688	518	547	Cochrane electronic databases	T170	C0242356
27644688	553	561	searched	T052	C1706202
27644688	571	578	studies	T062	C0681814
27644688	584	592	survival	T169	C0220921
27644688	593	597	data	T078	C1511726
27644688	601	603	LV	T030	C0152279
27644688	606	609	GBM	T191	C0017636
27644688	614	616	LV	T030	C0152279
27644688	619	622	GBM	T191	C0017636
27644688	623	631	patients	T101	C0030705
27644688	637	647	identified	T080	C0205396
27644688	655	683	Kaplan-Meier survival curves	T081	C1720944
27644688	689	698	digitized	T080	C1883674
27644688	703	709	pooled	T169	C2349200
27644688	714	724	generation	T052	C3146294
27644688	728	734	median	T081	C0876920
27644688	735	742	overall	T081	C4086681
27644688	744	746	OS	T081	C4086681
27644688	752	784	progression free (PFS) survivals	T081	C0242792
27644688	789	797	log-rank	T170	C0237913
27644688	798	811	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27644688	813	816	HRs	T081	C2985465
27644688	823	831	log-rank	T170	C0237913
27644688	836	844	reported	T170	C0684224
27644688	845	857	multivariate	T081	C0026777
27644688	858	861	HRs	T081	C2985465
27644688	868	878	accounting	T057	C0000938
27644688	887	893	common	T081	C0205214
27644688	894	904	predictors	T078	C2698872
27644688	908	911	GBM	T191	C0017636
27644688	912	920	survival	T169	C0220921
27644688	926	934	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27644688	949	962	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
27644688	968	978	calculated	T169	C0444686
27644688	979	985	median	T081	C0876920
27644688	986	995	survivals	T169	C0220921
27644688	997	1003	months	T079	C0439231
27644688	1010	1016	pooled	T169	C2349200
27644688	1017	1021	data	T078	C1511726
27644688	1044	1046	OS	T081	C4086681
27644688	1068	1071	PFS	T081	C0242792
27644688	1077	1079	LV	T030	C0152279
27644688	1082	1086	GBMs	T191	C0017636
27644688	1091	1093	LV	T030	C0152279
27644688	1096	1100	GBMs	T191	C0017636
27644688	1124	1131	overall	T080	C1561607
27644688	1132	1140	log-rank	T170	C0237913
27644688	1141	1144	HRs	T081	C2985465
27644688	1169	1171	OS	T081	C4086681
27644688	1198	1201	PFS	T081	C0242792
27644688	1204	1217	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27644688	1221	1229	log-rank	T170	C0237913
27644688	1230	1233	HRs	T081	C2985465
27644688	1234	1245	resulted in	T169	C0332294
27644688	1254	1257	HRs	T081	C2985465
27644688	1279	1281	OS	T081	C4086681
27644688	1286	1293	studies	T062	C0681814
27644688	1317	1320	PFS	T081	C0242792
27644688	1324	1331	studies	T062	C0681814
27644688	1334	1347	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27644688	1351	1363	multivariate	T081	C0026777
27644688	1364	1367	HRs	T081	C2985465
27644688	1368	1379	resulted in	T169	C0332294
27644688	1388	1391	HRs	T081	C2985465
27644688	1413	1415	OS	T081	C4086681
27644688	1419	1426	studies	T062	C0681814
27644688	1450	1453	PFS	T081	C0242792
27644688	1457	1464	studies	T062	C0681814
27644688	1467	1475	Patients	T101	C0030705
27644688	1481	1484	GBM	T191	C0017636
27644688	1485	1495	contacting	T169	C0332158
27644688	1500	1502	LV	T030	C0152279
27644688	1508	1513	lower	T052	C2003888
27644688	1514	1522	survival	T169	C0220921
27644688	1529	1535	effect	T080	C1280500
27644688	1543	1557	independent of	T169	C0332291
27644688	1562	1568	common	T081	C0205214
27644688	1569	1579	predictors	T078	C2698872
27644688	1583	1586	GBM	T191	C0017636
27644688	1587	1595	survival	T169	C0220921
27644688	1597	1607	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27644688	1610	1618	clinical	T080	C0205210
27644688	1619	1628	influence	T077	C4054723
27644688	1632	1637	V-SVZ	T023	C0504215
27644688	1638	1645	contact	T169	C0332158
27644688	1649	1652	GBM	T191	C0017636
27644688	1653	1660	biology	T091	C0005532

27644702|t|Accelerated intestinal epithelial cell turnover after bowel resection in a rat is correlated with inhibited hedgehog signaling cascade
27644702|a|The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is one of the key regulators of gastrointestinal tract development. Recent studies point to the role of hedgehog signaling in regulating adult stem cells involved in maintenance and regeneration of intestinal stem cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of Hh signaling during intestinal adaptation in a rat model of short bowel syndrome (SBS). Male rats were divided into two groups: Sham rats underwent bowel transection and SBS rats underwent a 75 % bowel resection. Parameters of intestinal adaptation, enterocyte proliferation, and apoptosis were determined 2 weeks after operation. Illumina's Digital Gene Expression analysis was used to determine the Hh signaling gene expression profiling. Hh-related genes and protein expression were determined using Real-Time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Massive small bowel resection resulted in a significant increase in enterocyte proliferation and concomitant increase in cell apoptosis. From the total number of 20,000 probes, 13 genes related to Hh signaling were investigated. In jejunum, eight genes were down-regulated, three genes up-regulated, and two genes remained unchanged. In ileum, five genes were down-regulated and six genes were unchanged in SBS vs sham animals. SBS rats also demonstrated a significant three- to fourfold decrease in SMO, GIL, and PTCH mRNA, and protein levels (determined by Real-Time PCR and Western blot) compared to control animals. Two weeks following massive bowel resection in rats, the accelerated cell turnover was accompanied by an inhibited Hh signaling pathway. Hh signaling may serve as an important mediator of reciprocal interactions between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchymal stroma during intestinal adaptation following massive bowel resection in a rat.
27644702	0	11	Accelerated	T169	C0521110
27644702	12	22	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27644702	23	38	epithelial cell	T025	C0014597
27644702	39	47	turnover	T043	C0007613
27644702	48	53	after	T079	C0687676
27644702	54	69	bowel resection	T061	C0741614
27644702	75	78	rat	T015	C0034721
27644702	82	92	correlated	T080	C1707520
27644702	98	107	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27644702	108	134	hedgehog signaling cascade	T044	C1155468
27644702	139	170	hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway	T044	C1155468
27644702	185	188	key	T077	C1706198
27644702	189	199	regulators	T077	C1704735
27644702	203	225	gastrointestinal tract	T022	C0017189
27644702	226	237	development	T169	C1527148
27644702	239	245	Recent	T079	C0332185
27644702	246	253	studies	T062	C0681814
27644702	267	274	role of	T077	C1705810
27644702	275	293	hedgehog signaling	T044	C1155468
27644702	297	324	regulating adult stem cells	T025	C1171322
27644702	325	333	involved	T169	C1314939
27644702	337	348	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27644702	353	365	regeneration	T042	C0034963
27644702	369	379	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27644702	380	390	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27644702	396	403	purpose	T169	C1285529
27644702	412	417	study	T062	C0681814
27644702	425	433	evaluate	T052	C1516048
27644702	438	442	role	T077	C1705810
27644702	446	458	Hh signaling	T044	C1155468
27644702	459	465	during	T079	C0347984
27644702	466	476	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27644702	477	487	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27644702	493	496	rat	T015	C0034721
27644702	497	502	model	T075	C0026336
27644702	506	526	short bowel syndrome	T047	C0036992
27644702	528	531	SBS	T047	C0036992
27644702	534	538	Male	T032	C0086582
27644702	539	543	rats	T015	C0034721
27644702	549	556	divided	T169	C0332849
27644702	566	572	groups	T078	C0441833
27644702	574	578	Sham	T061	C0032042
27644702	579	583	rats	T015	C0034721
27644702	594	599	bowel	T023	C0021853
27644702	600	611	transection	T061	C0152060
27644702	616	619	SBS	T047	C0036992
27644702	620	624	rats	T015	C0034721
27644702	642	657	bowel resection	T061	C0741614
27644702	659	669	Parameters	T077	C0549193
27644702	673	683	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27644702	684	694	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27644702	696	706	enterocyte	T025	C0682610
27644702	707	720	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27644702	726	735	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27644702	741	751	determined	T080	C0521095
27644702	752	759	2 weeks	T079	C1442457
27644702	760	765	after	T079	C0687676
27644702	766	775	operation	T061	C0543467
27644702	777	820	Illumina's Digital Gene Expression analysis	T063	C1880945
27644702	847	859	Hh signaling	T044	C1155468
27644702	860	885	gene expression profiling	T059,T063	C0752248
27644702	887	903	Hh-related genes	T045	C0017262
27644702	908	926	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27644702	932	942	determined	T080	C0521095
27644702	949	962	Real-Time PCR	T063	C1709846
27644702	964	980	Western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27644702	986	1006	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27644702	1008	1015	Massive	T080	C0522501
27644702	1016	1037	small bowel resection	T061	C0192601
27644702	1038	1049	resulted in	T169	C0332294
27644702	1052	1072	significant increase	T169	C0442805
27644702	1076	1086	enterocyte	T025	C0682610
27644702	1087	1100	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27644702	1105	1116	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27644702	1117	1125	increase	T169	C0442805
27644702	1129	1143	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27644702	1154	1166	total number	T081	C4288115
27644702	1177	1183	probes	T114,T130	C0012893
27644702	1188	1193	genes	T028	C0017337
27644702	1194	1201	related	T080	C0439849
27644702	1205	1217	Hh signaling	T044	C1155468
27644702	1223	1235	investigated	T169	C1292732
27644702	1240	1247	jejunum	T023	C0022378
27644702	1255	1260	genes	T028	C0017337
27644702	1266	1280	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27644702	1288	1293	genes	T028	C0017337
27644702	1294	1306	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27644702	1316	1321	genes	T028	C0017337
27644702	1331	1340	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27644702	1345	1350	ileum	T023	C0020885
27644702	1357	1362	genes	T028	C0017337
27644702	1368	1382	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27644702	1391	1396	genes	T028	C0017337
27644702	1402	1411	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27644702	1415	1418	SBS	T047	C0036992
27644702	1422	1426	sham	T061	C0032042
27644702	1427	1434	animals	T008	C0003062
27644702	1436	1439	SBS	T047	C0036992
27644702	1440	1444	rats	T015	C0034721
27644702	1465	1476	significant	T078	C0750502
27644702	1496	1504	decrease	T081	C0547047
27644702	1508	1511	SMO	T116,T192	C1567296
27644702	1513	1516	GIL	T116,T123	C0033684
27644702	1522	1526	PTCH	T116,T123	C4255174
27644702	1527	1531	mRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27644702	1537	1544	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27644702	1545	1551	levels	T080	C0441889
27644702	1553	1566	determined by	T080	C0521095
27644702	1567	1580	Real-Time PCR	T063	C1709846
27644702	1585	1597	Western blot	T059,T063	C0005863
27644702	1599	1607	compared	T052	C1707455
27644702	1611	1626	control animals	T008	C1511501
27644702	1628	1637	Two weeks	T079	C4082118
27644702	1648	1655	massive	T080	C0522501
27644702	1656	1671	bowel resection	T061	C0741614
27644702	1675	1679	rats	T015	C0034721
27644702	1685	1696	accelerated	T169	C0521110
27644702	1697	1701	cell	T025	C0007634
27644702	1702	1710	turnover	T043	C0007613
27644702	1715	1726	accompanied	T080	C1269765
27644702	1733	1742	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27644702	1743	1763	Hh signaling pathway	T044	C1155468
27644702	1765	1777	Hh signaling	T044	C1155468
27644702	1794	1803	important	T080	C3898777
27644702	1816	1826	reciprocal	T080	C1882911
27644702	1827	1839	interactions	T169	C1704675
27644702	1852	1862	epithelium	T024	C0014609
27644702	1882	1893	mesenchymal	T080	C1513143
27644702	1894	1900	stroma	T023	C0927195
27644702	1901	1907	during	T079	C0347984
27644702	1908	1918	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27644702	1919	1929	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27644702	1940	1947	massive	T080	C0522501
27644702	1948	1963	bowel resection	T061	C0741614
27644702	1969	1972	rat	T015	C0034721

27644855|t|Assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Daule aquifer, Ecuador, using the susceptibility index method
27644855|a|The Guayas region in Ecuador is economically very important, producing 68% of the national crops. The main agricultural activities threaten the groundwater therein with nitrate contamination given the large fertiliser and water needs. The present work tests the applicability of the susceptibility index assessment method in evaluating the impact of agricultural activities on groundwater quality, using as a case study an aquifer of the Guayas river basin in Ecuador. The index adapts four parameters of the DRASTIC method and incorporated a new land use parameter. Results show that the areas highly vulnerable to contamination are located in irrigation perimeters of dominant paddy fields associated with the high recharge rates in the alluvial deposits. Respectively, moderately vulnerable and low - vulnerability areas correspond to aquatic environments and forests, semi-natural zones and water bodies. One of the main contributions of the Daule aquifer vulnerability is likely its wide, flat topography. A great part of the aquifer is at high risk of contamination by nitrates if a code of good agricultural practices is not applied. Therefore the implementation of a monitoring network to control the nitrates concentrations is the first step to assure groundwater quality for drinking purposes.
27644855	14	25	groundwater	T082	C0596631
27644855	26	39	vulnerability	T080	C0332157
27644855	47	60	Daule aquifer	T070	C3178977
27644855	62	69	Ecuador	T083	C0013593
27644855	81	108	susceptibility index method	T059	C0871511
27644855	113	126	Guayas region	T083	C0017446
27644855	130	137	Ecuador	T083	C0013593
27644855	191	205	national crops	T002	C0242775
27644855	216	239	agricultural activities	T090	C0001829
27644855	253	264	groundwater	T082	C0596631
27644855	278	285	nitrate	T197	C0699857
27644855	286	299	contamination	T078	C2349974
27644855	316	326	fertiliser	T073,T131	C0015919
27644855	331	336	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27644855	337	342	needs	T080	C0027552
27644855	392	430	susceptibility index assessment method	T059	C0871511
27644855	459	482	agricultural activities	T090	C0001829
27644855	486	497	groundwater	T082	C0596631
27644855	498	505	quality	T080	C0332306
27644855	532	539	aquifer	T070	C3178977
27644855	547	553	Guayas	T083	C0017446
27644855	554	565	river basin	T082	C0205146
27644855	569	576	Ecuador	T083	C0013593
27644855	618	632	DRASTIC method	T059	C0871511
27644855	656	664	land use	UnknownType	C0814835
27644855	698	703	areas	T082	C0205146
27644855	704	710	highly	T080	C0205250
27644855	711	721	vulnerable	T080	C0332157
27644855	725	738	contamination	T078	C2349974
27644855	754	764	irrigation	T068	C2936278
27644855	765	775	perimeters	T082	C1295726
27644855	788	800	paddy fields	T082	C0562975
27644855	848	865	alluvial deposits	T197	C0055863
27644855	881	891	moderately	T080	C0205081
27644855	892	902	vulnerable	T080	C0332157
27644855	907	910	low	T080	C0205251
27644855	913	926	vulnerability	T080	C0332157
27644855	927	932	areas	T082	C0205146
27644855	947	967	aquatic environments	T067	C0563034
27644855	972	979	forests	T070	C0086312
27644855	981	999	semi-natural zones	T082	C1710706
27644855	1004	1016	water bodies	T067	C2584335
27644855	1055	1068	Daule aquifer	T070	C3178977
27644855	1069	1082	vulnerability	T080	C0332157
27644855	1097	1101	wide	T082	C0332464
27644855	1103	1118	flat topography	T082	C0870781
27644855	1140	1147	aquifer	T070	C3178977
27644855	1154	1180	high risk of contamination	T033	C4060526
27644855	1184	1192	nitrates	T197	C0699857
27644855	1206	1210	good	T080	C0205170
27644855	1211	1233	agricultural practices	T090	C0001829
27644855	1284	1313	monitoring network to control	T033	C0243095
27644855	1318	1326	nitrates	T197	C0699857
27644855	1327	1341	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27644855	1370	1381	groundwater	T082	C0596631
27644855	1382	1389	quality	T080	C0332306
27644855	1394	1402	drinking	T167	C0599638
27644855	1403	1411	purposes	T169	C1285529

27645367|t|Heterogeneous depression trajectories in multiple sclerosis patients
27645367|a|Trajectories of depression over time may be heterogeneous in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients. Describing these trajectories will help clinicians understand better the progression of depression in MS patients to aid in patient care decisions. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) was applied to 3507 MS patients using an electronic health records (EHR) data base to identify subgroups of MS patients based on self-reported depression screening (PHQ-9). Latent trajectory classes were used for group comparisons based on baseline clinical characteristics. Three subgroups were found characterized by high (10.0% [of participants]), wavering above and below moderate (26.2%) and low and variable (63.8%) depression level trajectories. The subpopulation trajectories, respectively, were also characterized by high, moderate and low MS disability at baseline. In contrast, the overall average trajectory was slightly declining and below the moderate depression threshold. The LCGA approach described in this paper and applied to MS patients provides a template for improved use of an EHR data base for understanding heterogeneous depression screening trajectories. Clinicians may use such information to more closely monitor patients that are expected to maintain high or unstable depression levels.
27645367	0	13	Heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27645367	14	24	depression	T048	C0011570
27645367	25	37	trajectories	T079	C1254367
27645367	41	59	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27645367	60	68	patients	T101	C0030705
27645367	69	81	Trajectories	T079	C1254367
27645367	85	95	depression	T048	C0011570
27645367	113	126	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27645367	130	148	Multiple Sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27645367	150	152	MS	T047	C0026769
27645367	154	162	patients	T101	C0030705
27645367	181	193	trajectories	T079	C1254367
27645367	204	214	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27645367	237	248	progression	T169	C0449258
27645367	252	262	depression	T048	C0011570
27645367	266	268	MS	T047	C0026769
27645367	269	277	patients	T101	C0030705
27645367	312	340	Latent class growth analysis	T062	C0681947
27645367	342	346	LCGA	T062	C0681947
27645367	368	370	MS	T047	C0026769
27645367	371	379	patients	T101	C0030705
27645367	389	430	electronic health records (EHR) data base	T170	C2362543
27645367	443	452	subgroups	T098	C1257890
27645367	456	458	MS	T047	C0026769
27645367	459	467	patients	T101	C0030705
27645367	491	511	depression screening	T061	C0740218
27645367	513	518	PHQ-9	T170	C1718207
27645367	521	527	Latent	T080	C0205275
27645367	528	538	trajectory	T079	C1254367
27645367	561	566	group	T098	C1257890
27645367	588	596	baseline	T081	C1442488
27645367	597	621	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27645367	629	638	subgroups	T098	C1257890
27645367	667	671	high	T080	C0205250
27645367	683	695	participants	T098	C0679646
27645367	724	732	moderate	T080	C0205081
27645367	745	748	low	T080	C0205251
27645367	753	761	variable	T080	C0439828
27645367	770	786	depression level	T033	C1319226
27645367	787	799	trajectories	T079	C1254367
27645367	805	818	subpopulation	T098	C1257890
27645367	819	831	trajectories	T079	C1254367
27645367	874	878	high	T080	C0205250
27645367	880	888	moderate	T080	C0205081
27645367	893	896	low	T080	C0205251
27645367	897	899	MS	T047	C0026769
27645367	900	910	disability	T033	C0231170
27645367	914	922	baseline	T081	C1442488
27645367	957	967	trajectory	T079	C1254367
27645367	1005	1013	moderate	T080	C0205081
27645367	1014	1024	depression	T048	C0011570
27645367	1025	1034	threshold	T080	C0449864
27645367	1040	1044	LCGA	T062	C0681947
27645367	1093	1095	MS	T047	C0026769
27645367	1096	1104	patients	T101	C0030705
27645367	1116	1124	template	T078	C1705542
27645367	1148	1161	EHR data base	T170	C2362543
27645367	1180	1193	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27645367	1194	1214	depression screening	T061	C0740218
27645367	1215	1227	trajectories	T079	C1254367
27645367	1229	1239	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
27645367	1253	1264	information	T078	C1533716
27645367	1281	1297	monitor patients	T058	C0030695
27645367	1328	1332	high	T080	C0205250
27645367	1336	1344	unstable	T033	C0443343
27645367	1345	1362	depression levels	T033	C1319226

27645371|t|Tracking children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who abandoned therapy: Experience, challenges, parental perspectives, and impact of treatment subsidies and intensified counseling
27645371|a|Refusal for treatment and therapy abandonment are important reasons for unfavorable outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in resource -poor countries. The present study, conducted on children with ALL whose treatment was abandoned, attempted to track all these children to ascertain the causes and outcome of therapy abandonment / refusal. In order to improve outcome of ALL, measures to prevent abandonment were introduced in the form of treatment subsidies and intensified multistage counseling. Of the 77 (of 418) children abandoning therapy, 17 (22%) refused upfront, whereas the rest abandoned during various phases of chemotherapy. Only 39 (50.6%) of these 77 families could be subsequently contacted. Financial problems, too many dependents at home, and wrong perceptions about cancer led to abandonment in majority. Children abandoning treatment before completion of induction had a significantly shorter survival than who abandoned post induction (P < .0001). Intensified preabandonment counseling and subsidized treatment led to significant reduction in abandonment rates (P < .0001).
27645371	9	17	children	T100	C0008059
27645371	23	51	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
27645371	56	65	abandoned	T080	C1272694
27645371	66	73	therapy	T061	C0087111
27645371	75	85	Experience	T041	C0596545
27645371	87	97	challenges	T058	C0805586
27645371	99	107	parental	T099	C0030551
27645371	108	120	perspectives	T082	C0449911
27645371	136	145	treatment	T061	C0087111
27645371	146	155	subsidies	T058	C0038574
27645371	160	182	intensified counseling	T058	C0010210
27645371	183	204	Refusal for treatment	T055	C0040809
27645371	209	216	therapy	T061	C0087111
27645371	217	228	abandonment	T033	C0452129
27645371	278	287	childhood	T079	C0231335
27645371	288	316	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
27645371	318	321	ALL	T191	C0023449
27645371	326	334	resource	T078	C0018741
27645371	341	350	countries	T083	C0454664
27645371	364	369	study	T062	C2603343
27645371	384	392	children	T100	C0008059
27645371	398	401	ALL	T191	C0023449
27645371	408	417	treatment	T061	C0087111
27645371	422	431	abandoned	T080	C1272694
27645371	462	470	children	T100	C0008059
27645371	499	506	outcome	T169	C1274040
27645371	510	517	therapy	T061	C0087111
27645371	518	529	abandonment	T033	C0452129
27645371	532	539	refusal	T055	C0040809
27645371	561	568	outcome	T169	C1274040
27645371	572	575	ALL	T191	C0023449
27645371	597	608	abandonment	T033	C0452129
27645371	640	649	treatment	T061	C0087111
27645371	650	659	subsidies	T058	C0038574
27645371	664	697	intensified multistage counseling	T058	C0010210
27645371	718	726	children	T100	C0008059
27645371	738	745	therapy	T061	C0087111
27645371	756	771	refused upfront	T052	C1705116
27645371	790	799	abandoned	T080	C1272694
27645371	825	837	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27645371	867	875	families	T099	C0015576
27645371	909	927	Financial problems	T033	C0549106
27645371	938	948	dependents	T098	C1962923
27645371	952	956	home	T082	C0442519
27645371	968	979	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27645371	986	992	cancer	T191	C0006826
27645371	1000	1011	abandonment	T033	C0452129
27645371	1025	1054	Children abandoning treatment	T033	C0243095
27645371	1076	1085	induction	T061	C0857127
27645371	1114	1122	survival	T052	C0038952
27645371	1132	1141	abandoned	T080	C1272694
27645371	1142	1156	post induction	T079	C1254367
27645371	1170	1207	Intensified preabandonment counseling	T058	C0010210
27645371	1223	1232	treatment	T061	C0087111
27645371	1252	1261	reduction	T080	C0392756
27645371	1265	1282	abandonment rates	T081	C1521828

27645456|t|Maternal Immunization with Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: Persistence of Maternal Antibodies in Infants
27645456|a|To evaluate the level and the persistence of maternal antibodies in infants after maternal immunization with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (Pn23V). Pregnant women were assigned to two groups, during routine low-risk pre-natal visits. The first Group (VAC) received the Pn23V vaccine shortly after enrolment at 28 weeks or later, and the second Group (NO _ VAC) received no vaccine. To investigate the antibody persistence, we collected blood samples from the mothers after 1 month of delivery and from the infants at 1 and 6 months of age. Antibody titers were measured for serotypes 1, 6B and 14. Geometric mean antibody concentrations of specific immunoglobulin G were significantly higher in the vaccinated group compared with unvaccinated controls for all three serotypes tested. Despite the antibody level's decline, at 6 months of age, proportions >0.35 μg/ml remained higher in the infants of vaccinated mothers than controls for all three serotypes.
27645456	0	8	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27645456	9	21	Immunization	T061	C0020971
27645456	27	62	Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine	T121,T129	C0305065
27645456	79	87	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27645456	88	98	Antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27645456	102	109	Infants	T100	C0021270
27645456	155	163	maternal	T033	C1858460
27645456	164	174	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27645456	178	185	infants	T100	C0021270
27645456	192	200	maternal	T033	C1858460
27645456	201	213	immunization	T061	C0020971
27645456	219	254	pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine	T121,T129	C0305065
27645456	256	261	Pn23V	T121,T129	C0305065
27645456	264	278	Pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27645456	300	306	groups	T098	C1257890
27645456	332	348	pre-natal visits	T058	C1827763
27645456	354	359	first	T081	C0205435
27645456	360	365	Group	T098	C1257890
27645456	367	370	VAC	T121,T129	C0042210
27645456	385	390	Pn23V	T121,T129	C0305065
27645456	391	398	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27645456	429	434	weeks	T079	C0439230
27645456	453	459	second	T081	C0205436
27645456	460	465	Group	T098	C1257890
27645456	467	469	NO	T033	C1513916
27645456	472	475	VAC	T121,T129	C0042210
27645456	486	488	no	T033	C1513916
27645456	489	496	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27645456	517	525	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27645456	552	565	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27645456	575	582	mothers	T099	C0026591
27645456	591	596	month	T079	C0439231
27645456	622	629	infants	T100	C0021270
27645456	641	647	months	T079	C0439231
27645456	651	654	age	T032	C0001779
27645456	656	664	Antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27645456	690	701	serotypes 1	T170	C0580279
27645456	703	705	6B	T170	C0449943
27645456	710	712	14	T170	C0449943
27645456	714	728	Geometric mean	T081	C2986759
27645456	729	737	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27645456	765	781	immunoglobulin G	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27645456	815	825	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
27645456	826	831	group	T098	C1257890
27645456	846	858	unvaccinated	T033	C1513916
27645456	882	891	serotypes	T170	C0449943
27645456	912	920	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27645456	943	949	months	T079	C0439231
27645456	953	956	age	T032	C0001779
27645456	1005	1012	infants	T100	C0021270
27645456	1016	1026	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
27645456	1027	1034	mothers	T099	C0026591
27645456	1063	1072	serotypes	T170	C0449943

27645763|t|Effect of New-Onset Left Bundle Branch Block After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (CoreValve) on Mortality, Frequency of Re-Hospitalization, and Need for Pacemaker
27645763|a|New-onset conduction disturbances are common after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The most common complication is left bundle branch block (LBBB). The clinical impact of new-onset LBBB after TAVI remains controversial. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical impact of new-onset LBBB in terms of mortality and morbidity (need for pacemakers and admissions for heart failure) at long-term follow-up. From April 2008 to December 2014, 220 patients who had severe aortic stenosis were treated with the implantation of a CoreValve prosthesis. Sixty-seven of these patients were excluded from the analysis, including 22 patients with pre-existing LBBB and 45 with a permanent pacemaker, implanted previously or within 72 hours of implantation. The remaining 153 patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 80), those with persistent new-onset LBBB, and group 2 (n = 73), those without conduction disturbances after treatment. Both groups were followed up at 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, and yearly thereafter. Persistent new-onset LBBB occurred in 80 patients (36%) immediately after TAVI; 73 patients (33%) did not develop conduction disturbances. The mean follow-up time of both groups was 32 ± 22 months (range 3 to 82 months), and there were no differences in time between the groups. There were no differences in mortality between the groups (39% vs 48%, p = 0.58). No differences were observed between the groups in re-hospitalizations for heart failure (11% vs 16%, p = 0.55). Group 1 did not require pacemaker implantation more often at follow-up (10% vs 13%, p = 0.38) than group 2. In conclusion, new-onset LBBB was not associated with a higher incidence of late need for a permanent pacemaker after CoreValve implantation. In addition, it was not associated with a higher risk of late mortality or re-hospitalization.
27645763	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27645763	10	19	New-Onset	T033	C0746890
27645763	20	44	Left Bundle Branch Block	T047	C0023211
27645763	51	90	Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation	T061	C3509486
27645763	92	101	CoreValve	T074	C0184252
27645763	106	115	Mortality	T081	C0205848
27645763	117	126	Frequency	T079	C0439603
27645763	130	148	Re-Hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27645763	163	172	Pacemaker	T074	C0030163
27645763	173	182	New-onset	T033	C0746890
27645763	183	206	conduction disturbances	T046	C0232219
27645763	224	263	transcatheter aortic valve implantation	T061	C3509486
27645763	265	269	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27645763	288	300	complication	T046	C0009566
27645763	304	328	left bundle branch block	T047	C0023211
27645763	330	334	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27645763	341	349	clinical	T080	C0205210
27645763	350	356	impact	T080	C4049986
27645763	360	369	new-onset	T033	C0746890
27645763	370	374	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27645763	381	385	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27645763	394	407	controversial	T054	C0680243
27645763	450	458	clinical	T080	C0205210
27645763	459	465	impact	T080	C4049986
27645763	469	478	new-onset	T033	C0746890
27645763	479	483	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27645763	496	505	mortality	T081	C0205848
27645763	510	519	morbidity	T081	C0178685
27645763	530	540	pacemakers	T074	C0030163
27645763	545	555	admissions	T058	C0030673
27645763	560	573	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27645763	578	597	long-term follow-up	T058	C1517942
27645763	637	645	patients	T101	C0030705
27645763	661	676	aortic stenosis	T047	C0003507
27645763	682	694	treated with	T061	C0332293
27645763	699	711	implantation	T061	C0021107
27645763	717	737	CoreValve prosthesis	T074	C0184252
27645763	760	768	patients	T101	C0030705
27645763	792	800	analysis	T062	C0936012
27645763	815	823	patients	T101	C0030705
27645763	829	841	pre-existing	T080	C2347662
27645763	842	846	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27645763	861	880	permanent pacemaker	T074	C0281945
27645763	882	891	implanted	T074	C0021102
27645763	916	921	hours	T079	C0439227
27645763	925	937	implantation	T061	C0021107
27645763	957	965	patients	T101	C0030705
27645763	986	992	groups	T078	C0441833
27645763	994	999	group	T078	C0441833
27645763	1023	1033	persistent	T079	C0205322
27645763	1034	1043	new-onset	T033	C0746890
27645763	1044	1048	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27645763	1054	1059	group	T078	C0441833
27645763	1086	1109	conduction disturbances	T046	C0232219
27645763	1116	1125	treatment	T061	C0087111
27645763	1132	1138	groups	T078	C0441833
27645763	1144	1155	followed up	T058	C1522577
27645763	1161	1166	month	T079	C0439231
27645763	1170	1176	months	T079	C0439231
27645763	1181	1187	months	T079	C0439231
27645763	1193	1199	yearly	T079	C0332181
27645763	1212	1222	Persistent	T079	C0205322
27645763	1223	1232	new-onset	T033	C0746890
27645763	1233	1237	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27645763	1253	1261	patients	T101	C0030705
27645763	1286	1290	TAVI	T061	C3509486
27645763	1295	1303	patients	T101	C0030705
27645763	1326	1349	conduction disturbances	T046	C0232219
27645763	1360	1369	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27645763	1370	1374	time	T079	C0040223
27645763	1383	1389	groups	T078	C0441833
27645763	1402	1408	months	T079	C0439231
27645763	1424	1430	months	T079	C0439231
27645763	1466	1470	time	T079	C0040223
27645763	1483	1489	groups	T078	C0441833
27645763	1520	1529	mortality	T081	C0205848
27645763	1542	1548	groups	T078	C0441833
27645763	1614	1620	groups	T078	C0441833
27645763	1624	1643	re-hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27645763	1648	1661	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27645763	1686	1691	Group	T078	C0441833
27645763	1710	1732	pacemaker implantation	T061	C0189842
27645763	1747	1756	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27645763	1785	1790	group	T078	C0441833
27645763	1809	1818	new-onset	T033	C0746890
27645763	1819	1823	LBBB	T047	C0023211
27645763	1832	1847	associated with	T080	C0332281
27645763	1850	1856	higher	T080	C0205250
27645763	1857	1866	incidence	T081	C0021149
27645763	1886	1905	permanent pacemaker	T074	C0281945
27645763	1912	1921	CoreValve	T074	C0184252
27645763	1922	1934	implantation	T061	C0021107
27645763	1960	1975	associated with	T080	C0332281
27645763	1998	2007	mortality	T081	C0205848
27645763	2011	2029	re-hospitalization	T058	C0019993

27646139|t|The PLA2 gene mediates the humoral immune responses in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)
27646139|a|The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) gene encodes the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids (PLs) from the sn-2 position. However, little is known about its role in humoral immune responses. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of PLA2 in different tissues and developmental stages in Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and the results showed that the transcriptional level of PLA2 was high in the egg and mature stage and in the testis tissue. Bacterial infection increased the expression of PLA2, and the highest degree of up-regulation appeared in the fat body. Silencing PLA2 influenced the expression of immune-related genes, including MyD88 and defensin in the Toll pathway and relish and diptericin in the Imd pathway. Moreover, the expression of MyD88 and defensin was down-regulated significantly in the ds-PLA2 group compared with those in the ds-egfp group when B. dorsalis was infected with L. monocytogenes and S. aureus, indicating that PLA2 was involved in the activation of the Toll pathway. Meanwhile, infection with L. monocytogenes and E. coli, which activate the Imd pathway, does not increase the mRNA levels of relish and diptericin in the ds-PLA2 group as severely as it increases those in the ds-egfp group, indicating that the Imd pathway was also repressed after silencing PLA2. Notably, the development of lipid droplets in fat body cells was influenced by silencing PLA2, implying that PLA2 affects the function of fat body tissue. These results suggest that the PLA2 gene may mediate humoral immune responses by reducing lipid storage in fat body cells in B. dorsalis.
27646139	4	13	PLA2 gene	T028	C0017337
27646139	27	51	humoral immune responses	T043	C1155229
27646139	55	83	Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)	T204	C1001509
27646139	88	116	phospholipase A2 (PLA2) gene	T028	C0017337
27646139	117	124	encodes	T052	C2700640
27646139	129	135	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27646139	141	150	catalyzes	T169	C0205245
27646139	155	165	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27646139	169	182	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27646139	184	187	PLs	T109,T123	C0031676
27646139	198	211	sn-2 position	T082	C0733755
27646139	248	252	role	T170	C1704326
27646139	256	280	humoral immune responses	T043	C1155229
27646139	290	295	study	T062	C2603343
27646139	300	312	investigated	T169	C1292732
27646139	317	335	expression profile	T081	C1956267
27646139	339	343	PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	347	356	different	T080	C1705242
27646139	357	364	tissues	T024	C0040300
27646139	369	389	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
27646139	393	421	Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)	T204	C1001509
27646139	455	470	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27646139	471	476	level	T080	C0441889
27646139	480	484	PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	489	493	high	T080	C0205250
27646139	501	504	egg	T042	C1254358
27646139	509	521	mature stage	T042	C1326793
27646139	533	539	testis	T023	C0039597
27646139	540	546	tissue	T024	C0040300
27646139	548	567	Bacterial infection	T047	C0004623
27646139	582	592	expression	T045	C0017262
27646139	596	600	PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	628	641	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27646139	658	666	fat body	T023	C0015665
27646139	668	677	Silencing	T045	C0598496
27646139	678	682	PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	683	693	influenced	T077	C4054723
27646139	698	708	expression	T045	C0017262
27646139	712	732	immune-related genes	T028	C0017337
27646139	744	749	MyD88	T028	C1417530
27646139	754	762	defensin	T116,T121,T129	C0057256
27646139	770	782	Toll pathway	T044	C1155478
27646139	787	793	relish	T116,T123	C0033684
27646139	798	808	diptericin	T116,T123	C0033684
27646139	816	827	Imd pathway	T077	C2753278
27646139	843	853	expression	T045	C0017262
27646139	857	862	MyD88	T028	C1417530
27646139	867	875	defensin	T116,T121,T129	C0057256
27646139	880	894	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27646139	916	923	ds-PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	924	929	group	T078	C0441833
27646139	957	964	ds-egfp	T116,T130	C1258415
27646139	965	970	group	T078	C0441833
27646139	976	987	B. dorsalis	T204	C1001509
27646139	992	1000	infected	T033	C0439663
27646139	1006	1022	L. monocytogenes	T007	C0023861
27646139	1027	1036	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27646139	1054	1058	PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	1079	1089	activation	T045	C0017255
27646139	1097	1109	Toll pathway	T044	C1155478
27646139	1122	1131	infection	T046	C3714514
27646139	1137	1153	L. monocytogenes	T007	C0023861
27646139	1158	1165	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27646139	1173	1181	activate	T169	C1515877
27646139	1186	1197	Imd pathway	T077	C2753278
27646139	1208	1216	increase	T169	C0442805
27646139	1221	1225	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27646139	1226	1232	levels	T080	C0441889
27646139	1236	1242	relish	T116,T123	C0033684
27646139	1247	1257	diptericin	T116,T123	C0033684
27646139	1265	1272	ds-PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	1273	1278	group	T078	C0441833
27646139	1297	1306	increases	T169	C0442805
27646139	1320	1327	ds-egfp	T116,T130	C1258415
27646139	1328	1333	group	T078	C0441833
27646139	1355	1366	Imd pathway	T077	C2753278
27646139	1376	1385	repressed	T169	C0205245
27646139	1392	1401	silencing	T045	C0598496
27646139	1402	1406	PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	1421	1432	development	T169	C1527148
27646139	1436	1450	lipid droplets	T026	C0230704
27646139	1454	1462	fat body	T023	C0015665
27646139	1463	1468	cells	T025	C0007634
27646139	1473	1483	influenced	T077	C4054723
27646139	1487	1496	silencing	T045	C0598496
27646139	1497	1501	PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	1517	1521	PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	1534	1542	function	T169	C0542341
27646139	1546	1554	fat body	T023	C0015665
27646139	1555	1561	tissue	T024	C0040300
27646139	1594	1598	PLA2	T028	C0017337
27646139	1594	1603	PLA2 gene	T028	C0017337
27646139	1616	1640	humoral immune responses	T043	C1155229
27646139	1644	1652	reducing	T080	C0392756
27646139	1653	1666	lipid storage	T043	C1159705
27646139	1670	1678	fat body	T023	C0015665
27646139	1679	1684	cells	T025	C0007634
27646139	1688	1699	B. dorsalis	T204	C1001509

27646508|t|The design and conduct of Keep It Off: An online randomized trial of financial incentives for weight-loss maintenance
27646508|a|Background Obesity continues to be a serious public health challenge. Rates are increasing worldwide, with nearly 70% of the US adults overweight or obese, leading to increased clinical and economic burden. While successful approaches for achieving weight loss have been identified, techniques for long-term maintenance of initial weight loss have largely been unsuccessful. Financial incentive interventions have been shown in several settings to be successful in motivating participants to adopt healthy behaviors. Purpose Keep It Off is a three-arm randomized controlled trial that compares the efficacy of a lottery-based incentive, traditional direct payment incentive, and control of daily feedback without any incentive for weight-loss maintenance. This design allows comparison of a traditional direct payment incentive with one based on behavioral economic principles that consider the underlying psychology of decision-making. Methods Participants were randomized in a 2:1 ratio for each active arm relative to control, with a targeted 188 participants in total. Eligible participants were those aged 30-80 who lost at least 11 lb (5 kg) during the first 4 months of participation in Weight Watchers, a national weight-loss program, with whom we partnered. The interventions lasted 6 months (Phase I); participants were followed for an additional 6 months without intervention (Phase II). The primary outcome is weight change from baseline to the end of Phase I, with the change at the end of Phase II a key secondary endpoint. Keep It Off is a pragmatic trial that recruited, consented, enrolled, and followed patients electronically. Participants were provided a wireless weight scale that electronically transmitted daily self-monitored weights. Weights were verified every 3 months at a Weight Watchers center local to the participant and electronically transmitted. Results Using the study web-based platform, we integrated recruitment, enrollment, and follow-up procedures into a digital platform that required little staff effort to implement and manage. We randomized 191 participants in less than 1 year. We describe the design of Keep It Off and implementation of enrollment. Lessons Learned We demonstrated that our pragmatic design was successful in rapid accrual of participants in a trial of interventions to maintain weight loss. Limitations Despite the nationwide reach of Weight Watchers, the generalizability of study findings may be limited by the characteristics of its members. The interventions under study are appropriate for settings where an entity, such as an employer or health insurance company, could offer them as a benefit. Conclusions Keep It Off was implemented and conducted with minimal staff effort. This study has the potential to identify a practical and effective weight-loss maintenance strategy.
27646508	4	10	design	T052	C1707689
27646508	26	37	Keep It Off	T062,T170	C0206034
27646508	42	48	online	T073,T170	C0029038
27646508	49	65	randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27646508	69	89	financial incentives	UnknownType	C0814770
27646508	94	105	weight-loss	T032	C0005910
27646508	106	117	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27646508	118	128	Background	T077	C1706907
27646508	129	136	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27646508	163	169	public	T092	C0678367
27646508	170	176	health	T078	C0018684
27646508	177	186	challenge	T078	C1254370
27646508	188	193	Rates	T081	C1521828
27646508	198	208	increasing	T169	C0442808
27646508	243	245	US	T083	C0041703
27646508	246	252	adults	T100	C0001675
27646508	253	263	overweight	T184	C0497406
27646508	267	272	obese	T047	C0028754
27646508	285	294	increased	T081	C0205217
27646508	295	303	clinical	T078	C2828008
27646508	308	323	economic burden	T081	C1512163
27646508	367	378	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27646508	401	411	techniques	T169	C0449851
27646508	416	425	long-term	T079	C0443252
27646508	426	437	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27646508	441	448	initial	T079	C0205265
27646508	449	460	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27646508	493	512	Financial incentive	UnknownType	C0814770
27646508	513	526	interventions	UnknownType	C0679806
27646508	594	606	participants	T098	C0679646
27646508	616	623	healthy	T080	C3898900
27646508	624	633	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27646508	635	654	Purpose Keep It Off	T062,T170	C0206034
27646508	660	697	three-arm randomized controlled trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27646508	716	724	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27646508	730	753	lottery-based incentive	T080	C0021147
27646508	755	766	traditional	T169	C0443324
27646508	767	791	direct payment incentive	T080	C0021147
27646508	797	804	control	T080	C0243148
27646508	808	813	daily	T079	C0332173
27646508	814	822	feedback	T067	C0015744
27646508	835	844	incentive	T080	C0021147
27646508	849	860	weight-loss	T032	C0005910
27646508	861	872	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27646508	879	885	design	T052	C1707689
27646508	909	920	traditional	T169	C0443324
27646508	921	945	direct payment incentive	T080	C0021147
27646508	964	994	behavioral economic principles	T080	C0205556
27646508	1024	1034	psychology	T169	C1524060
27646508	1038	1053	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27646508	1055	1062	Methods	T170	C0025663
27646508	1063	1075	Participants	T098	C0679646
27646508	1081	1091	randomized	T062	C0034656
27646508	1139	1146	control	T096	C0009932
27646508	1168	1180	participants	T098	C0679646
27646508	1191	1199	Eligible	T080	C1548635
27646508	1200	1212	participants	T098	C0679646
27646508	1224	1228	aged	T032	C0001779
27646508	1285	1291	months	T079	C0439231
27646508	1295	1308	participation	T169	C0679823
27646508	1312	1327	Weight Watchers	T058	C2067212
27646508	1331	1359	national weight-loss program	T058	C3179079
27646508	1389	1402	interventions	UnknownType	C0679806
27646508	1412	1418	months	T079	C0439231
27646508	1420	1425	Phase	T079	C0205390
27646508	1430	1442	participants	T098	C0679646
27646508	1477	1483	months	T079	C0439231
27646508	1492	1504	intervention	UnknownType	C0679806
27646508	1506	1511	Phase	T079	C0205390
27646508	1521	1536	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
27646508	1540	1567	weight change from baseline	T033	C1303041
27646508	1582	1587	Phase	T079	C0205390
27646508	1600	1606	change	T033	C1303041
27646508	1621	1626	Phase	T079	C0205390
27646508	1656	1667	Keep It Off	T062,T170	C0206034
27646508	1673	1688	pragmatic trial	T062	C3658312
27646508	1694	1703	recruited	T052	C2949735
27646508	1705	1714	consented	T169	C1511481
27646508	1716	1724	enrolled	T058	C1516879
27646508	1739	1747	patients	T101	C0030705
27646508	1748	1762	electronically	T073,T170	C0029038
27646508	1764	1776	Participants	T098	C0679646
27646508	1793	1814	wireless weight scale	T074	C3878937
27646508	1820	1846	electronically transmitted	T169	C0332289
27646508	1847	1852	daily	T079	C0332173
27646508	1853	1875	self-monitored weights	T032	C0005910
27646508	1877	1884	Weights	T032	C0005910
27646508	1907	1913	months	T079	C0439231
27646508	1919	1934	Weight Watchers	T058	C2067212
27646508	1935	1941	center	T073,T093	C0600623
27646508	1955	1966	participant	T098	C0679646
27646508	1971	1997	electronically transmitted	T169	C0332289
27646508	2023	2041	web-based platform	T075	C1710360
27646508	2057	2068	recruitment	T052	C2949735
27646508	2070	2080	enrollment	T058	C1516879
27646508	2086	2106	follow-up procedures	T062	C0016441
27646508	2114	2130	digital platform	T075	C1710360
27646508	2152	2157	staff	T097	C0851286
27646508	2168	2177	implement	T058	C0018726
27646508	2182	2188	manage	T058	C0184516
27646508	2193	2203	randomized	T062	C0034656
27646508	2208	2220	participants	T098	C0679646
27646508	2236	2240	year	T079	C0439234
27646508	2258	2264	design	T052	C1707689
27646508	2268	2279	Keep It Off	T062,T170	C0206034
27646508	2284	2298	implementation	T052	C1708476
27646508	2302	2312	enrollment	T058	C1516879
27646508	2314	2321	Lessons	T170	C0282574
27646508	2355	2364	pragmatic	T054	C0871858
27646508	2365	2371	design	T052	C1707689
27646508	2407	2419	participants	T098	C0679646
27646508	2425	2430	trial	T062	C0681815
27646508	2434	2447	interventions	UnknownType	C0679806
27646508	2460	2471	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27646508	2473	2484	Limitations	T169	C0449295
27646508	2517	2532	Weight Watchers	T058	C2067212
27646508	2558	2563	study	T062	C0681814
27646508	2595	2610	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27646508	2618	2625	members	T098	C0680022
27646508	2631	2644	interventions	UnknownType	C0679806
27646508	2695	2701	entity	T071	C1551338
27646508	2714	2722	employer	T097	C1274022
27646508	2726	2732	health	T078	C0018684
27646508	2733	2750	insurance company	T078	C1549448
27646508	2795	2806	Keep It Off	T062,T170	C0206034
27646508	2850	2855	staff	T097	C0851286
27646508	2869	2874	study	T062	C0681814
27646508	2931	2942	weight-loss	T033	C1262477
27646508	2943	2954	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27646508	2955	2963	strategy	T041	C0679199

27646543|t|Comprehensive Analysis Competence and Innovative Approaches for Sustainable Chemical Production
27646543|a|Humanity currently sees itself facing enormous economic, ecological, and social challenges. Sustainable products and production in specialty chemistry are an important strategic element to address these megatrends. In addition to that, digitalization and global connectivity will create new opportunities for the industry. One aspect is examined in this paper, which shows the development of comprehensive analysis of production networks for a more sustainable production in which the need for innovative solutions arises. Examples from data analysis, advanced process control and automated performance monitoring are shown. These efforts have significant impact on improved yields, reduced energy and water consumption, and better product performance in the application of the products.
27646543	0	13	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27646543	14	22	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27646543	23	33	Competence	T080	C0086035
27646543	64	75	Sustainable	T070	C0282113
27646543	76	95	Chemical Production	T070	C0007987
27646543	96	104	Humanity	T090	C0020157
27646543	143	151	economic	T169	C0013557
27646543	153	163	ecological	T082	C0565987
27646543	169	186	social challenges	T078	C0037403
27646543	188	199	Sustainable	T070	C0282113
27646543	200	208	products	T071	C1514468
27646543	213	223	production	T057	C0033268
27646543	227	246	specialty chemistry	T169	C0079107
27646543	264	281	strategic element	T057	C1514981
27646543	299	309	megatrends	T079	C1521798
27646543	332	346	digitalization	T169	C0205245
27646543	351	370	global connectivity	T169	C1707489
27646543	387	400	opportunities	T033	C0243095
27646543	409	417	industry	T057	C0021267
27646543	423	429	aspect	T080	C1879746
27646543	473	484	development	T169	C1527148
27646543	488	501	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27646543	502	510	analysis	T062	C0936012
27646543	514	524	production	T057	C0033268
27646543	525	533	networks	T169	C1882071
27646543	545	567	sustainable production	T057	C2350565
27646543	590	610	innovative solutions	T078	C1254370
27646543	633	646	data analysis	T057	C0010992
27646543	648	672	advanced process control	T078	C3267105
27646543	677	686	automated	T169	C0205554
27646543	687	698	performance	T052	C1882330
27646543	740	758	significant impact	T080	C4049986
27646543	762	777	improved yields	T081	C0392762
27646543	779	793	reduced energy	T033	C4230669
27646543	798	815	water consumption	T040	C0013123
27646543	828	835	product	T071	C1514468
27646543	836	847	performance	T052	C1882330
27646543	874	882	products	T071	C1514468

27646607|t|Research Advances on Structural Characterization of Resistant Starch and Its Structure - Physiological Function Relationship: A Review
27646607|a|Resistant starch (RS) is defined as the fraction of starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine due to either difficult enzyme / starch contact or to the strength of the crystalline regions formed both in native starch and in those retrograded starch. RS occurs naturally in some foods, and some may be generated in others as the results of several processing conditions. A variety of techniques have been employed to obtain structural characteristics of resistant starch such as their crystallinity, structural order, chain length distribution and conformation, helicity, and double helical structures. These structure plays an important role in determining the physiological properties of RS such as their prebiotic and hypoglycaemic properties. However, such topic on structural characterization of RS and their structure - physiological function relationship have not been reviewed in previous literatures. Therefore, this review focuses on the past and current achievements of research on structural characterizations of a range of resistant starch prepared from different sources of native starches as a result of a variety of processing conditions. The potential relationships between the structure and the physiological properties of RS which is of paramount importance for the furtherance understanding and application of RS are also reviewed in this study.
27646607	0	8	Research	T062	C0035168
27646607	9	17	Advances	T169	C1280477
27646607	21	48	Structural Characterization	T052	C1880022
27646607	77	86	Structure	T082	C0678594
27646607	89	111	Physiological Function	T039	C1254359
27646607	112	124	Relationship	T080	C0439849
27646607	128	134	Review	T170	C0282443
27646607	135	151	Resistant starch	T109	C2986418
27646607	135	151	Resistant starch	T109	C2986418
27646607	153	155	RS	T109	C2986418
27646607	175	186	fraction of	T081	C1264633
27646607	187	193	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27646607	199	206	escapes	T055	C0014832
27646607	207	216	digestion	T040	C0012238
27646607	224	239	small intestine	T023	C0021852
27646607	264	270	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27646607	273	279	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27646607	298	306	strength	T078	C0808080
27646607	314	333	crystalline regions	T082	C1254362
27646607	349	355	native	T169	C0302891
27646607	356	362	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27646607	376	394	retrograded starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27646607	396	398	RS	T109	C2986418
27646607	424	429	foods	T168	C0016452
27646607	447	456	generated	T052	C3146294
27646607	493	503	processing	T052	C1709694
27646607	529	539	techniques	T169	C0449851
27646607	569	595	structural characteristics	T080	C1521970
27646607	599	615	resistant starch	T109	C2986418
27646607	630	643	crystallinity	T104	C0444626
27646607	645	661	structural order	T082	C1254362
27646607	663	688	chain length distribution	T082	C0037775
27646607	693	705	conformation	T082	C0026377
27646607	707	715	helicity	T080	C0205556
27646607	721	746	double helical structures	T082	C0678594
27646607	754	763	structure	T082	C0678594
27646607	807	820	physiological	T169	C0205463
27646607	821	831	properties	T080	C0871161
27646607	835	837	RS	T109	C2986418
27646607	852	861	prebiotic	T109	C2717875
27646607	866	879	hypoglycaemic	T121	C0020616
27646607	880	890	properties	T080	C0871161
27646607	915	942	structural characterization	T052	C1880022
27646607	946	948	RS	T109	C2986418
27646607	959	968	structure	T082	C0678594
27646607	971	993	physiological function	T039	C1254359
27646607	994	1006	relationship	T080	C0439849
27646607	1021	1029	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27646607	1042	1053	literatures	T170	C0023866
27646607	1071	1077	review	T170	C0282443
27646607	1126	1134	research	T062	C0035168
27646607	1138	1166	structural characterizations	T052	C1880022
27646607	1181	1197	resistant starch	T109	C2986418
27646607	1198	1206	prepared	T052	C1521827
27646607	1222	1229	sources	T033	C0449416
27646607	1233	1239	native	T169	C0302891
27646607	1240	1248	starches	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27646607	1277	1287	processing	T052	C1709694
27646607	1314	1327	relationships	T080	C0439849
27646607	1340	1349	structure	T082	C0678594
27646607	1358	1371	physiological	T169	C0205463
27646607	1372	1382	properties	T080	C0871161
27646607	1386	1388	RS	T109	C2986418
27646607	1475	1477	RS	T109	C2986418
27646607	1487	1495	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27646607	1504	1509	study	T062	C2603343

27647451|t|Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
27647451|a|Sleep is increasingly recognized as an important lifestyle contributor to health. However, this has not always been the case, and an increasing number of Americans choose to curtail sleep in favor of other social, leisure, or work-related activities. This has resulted in a decline in average sleep duration over time. Sleep duration, mostly short sleep, and sleep disorders have emerged as being related to adverse cardiometabolic risk, including obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Here, we review the evidence relating sleep duration and sleep disorders to cardiometabolic risk and call for health organizations to include evidence-based sleep recommendations in their guidelines for optimal health.
27647451	0	14	Sleep Duration	T033	C0424574
27647451	19	26	Quality	T080	C0332306
27647451	28	34	Impact	T080	C4049986
27647451	38	47	Lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27647451	48	57	Behaviors	T053	C0004927
27647451	62	77	Cardiometabolic	T042	C0596675
27647451	78	84	Health	T078	C0018684
27647451	88	108	Scientific Statement	T170	C2985870
27647451	118	144	American Heart Association	T093	C0002458
27647451	145	150	Sleep	T040	C0037313
27647451	154	166	increasingly	T169	C0442808
27647451	184	193	important	T080	C3898777
27647451	194	203	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27647451	204	215	contributor	T052	C1880177
27647451	219	225	health	T078	C0018684
27647451	278	295	increasing number	T169	C0220888
27647451	299	308	Americans	T098	C0596070
27647451	319	326	curtail	T080	C0205556
27647451	327	332	sleep	T040	C0037313
27647451	351	357	social	T054	C2371613
27647451	359	366	leisure	T056	C0023292
27647451	371	394	work-related activities	T057	C0336911
27647451	419	426	decline	T081	C0205216
27647451	430	437	average	T081	C1510992
27647451	438	452	sleep duration	T033	C0424574
27647451	464	478	Sleep duration	T033	C0424574
27647451	487	498	short sleep	T184	C0424566
27647451	504	519	sleep disorders	T047	C0851578
27647451	561	576	cardiometabolic	T042	C0596675
27647451	577	581	risk	T078	C0035647
27647451	593	600	obesity	T047	C0028754
27647451	602	614	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27647451	616	640	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27647451	646	668	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27647451	679	685	review	T078	C1552617
27647451	690	698	evidence	T078	C3887511
27647451	708	722	sleep duration	T033	C0424574
27647451	727	742	sleep disorders	T047	C0851578
27647451	746	761	cardiometabolic	T042	C0596675
27647451	762	766	risk	T078	C0035647
27647451	780	800	health organizations	T093	C0920545
27647451	812	826	evidence-based	T169	C1510541
27647451	827	832	sleep	T040	C0037313
27647451	833	848	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27647451	858	868	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27647451	873	880	optimal	T080	C2698651
27647451	881	887	health	T078	C0018684

27647474|t|Cadmium - induced oxidative damages in the human BJAB cells correlate with changes in intracellular trace elements levels and zinc transporters expression
27647474|a|Cadmium (Cd), a potent toxic heavy metal, is a widespread environmental contaminant. Its cellular traffic via pathways dedicated to transition metals contributes to the toxicity mechanisms. Zinc (Zn) homeostasis is complex, involving both zinc importers (Zip) and zinc exporters (ZnT). Cellular signal transduction pathways are influenced by Zn and redox status of the cell. The aim of the present study is to examine if the accumulation of Cd in the human lymphocyte B cell line BJAB and its capacity to promote oxidative stress and adverse effects could result from changes in the mRNA expression pattern of Zn transporters and metallothioneins. Cells were exposed to 5, 10, 20 and 40μM of CdCl2 equivalent to 0.91, 1.83, 3.66 and 7.33μg/ml respectively, for 24h. Cd significantly reduced the viability of BJAB cells and induced a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage. Cd also induced the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts and augmented MTF1 expression in BJAB cells. We observed interesting responses in relative gene expression to Cd exposure among the seven transporters we analyzed. Cd exposure increased the expression of DMT1 and caused an up-regulation of ZnT1. However, the T calcium channel alpha1G subunit could not be detected. A change in expression of ZnTs and Zips in response to Cd exposure emphasizes the involvement of Zn transporters in Cd cellular metabolism and induced oxidative stress.
27647474	0	7	Cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27647474	10	17	induced	T046	C0007994
27647474	18	27	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27647474	28	35	damages	T049	C0599732
27647474	43	48	human	T016	C0086418
27647474	49	59	BJAB cells	T025	C0004561
27647474	60	69	correlate	T080	C1707520
27647474	86	99	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27647474	100	114	trace elements	T123,T196	C0040577
27647474	115	121	levels	T080	C0441889
27647474	126	143	zinc transporters	T116,T123	C1608304
27647474	144	154	expression	T045	C1171362
27647474	155	162	Cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27647474	164	166	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27647474	178	183	toxic	T080	C1407029
27647474	184	195	heavy metal	T196	C0347988
27647474	202	212	widespread	T082	C0205391
27647474	213	238	environmental contaminant	T131	C0014417
27647474	244	252	cellular	T025	C0007634
27647474	253	260	traffic	T033	C3840880
27647474	265	273	pathways	T044	C1704259
27647474	287	304	transition metals	T196	C0682906
27647474	324	332	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27647474	333	343	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27647474	345	366	Zinc (Zn) homeostasis	T043	C1156277
27647474	370	377	complex	T080	C0439855
27647474	394	398	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27647474	399	414	importers (Zip)	T043	C1159683
27647474	419	423	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27647474	424	439	exporters (ZnT)	T043	C1159683
27647474	441	469	Cellular signal transduction	T043	C3825288
27647474	470	478	pathways	T044	C1704259
27647474	483	493	influenced	T077	C4054723
27647474	497	499	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27647474	504	509	redox	T044	C0030012
27647474	510	516	status	T080	C0449438
27647474	524	528	cell	T025	C0007634
27647474	553	558	study	T062	C0008972
27647474	565	572	examine	T169	C1524024
27647474	580	592	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27647474	596	598	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27647474	606	611	human	T016	C0086418
27647474	612	639	lymphocyte B cell line BJAB	T025	C0004561
27647474	648	656	capacity	T081	C1516240
27647474	660	667	promote	T052	C0033414
27647474	668	684	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27647474	689	704	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27647474	738	753	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27647474	754	761	pattern	T082	C0449774
27647474	765	780	Zn transporters	T116,T123	C1608304
27647474	785	801	metallothioneins	T116,T123	C0025545
27647474	803	808	Cells	T025	C0007634
27647474	814	824	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27647474	847	852	CdCl2	T131,T197	C0054412
27647474	853	863	equivalent	T080	C0205163
27647474	921	923	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27647474	924	937	significantly	T078	C0750502
27647474	938	945	reduced	T080	C0392756
27647474	950	959	viability	T043	C0007620
27647474	963	973	BJAB cells	T025	C0004561
27647474	978	985	induced	T046	C0007994
27647474	988	1002	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27647474	1015	1025	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27647474	1027	1029	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27647474	1035	1042	induced	T046	C0007994
27647474	1047	1056	formation	T169	C1522492
27647474	1060	1087	8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine	T114,T123	C0050078
27647474	1088	1095	adducts	T104	C0596040
27647474	1100	1109	augmented	T081	C0205217
27647474	1110	1114	MTF1	T028	C1417419
27647474	1115	1125	expression	T045	C0017262
27647474	1129	1139	BJAB cells	T025	C0004561
27647474	1165	1174	responses	T032	C0871261
27647474	1187	1202	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27647474	1206	1208	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27647474	1209	1217	exposure	T080	C0332157
27647474	1234	1246	transporters	T116,T123	C0596902
27647474	1250	1258	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27647474	1260	1262	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27647474	1263	1271	exposure	T080	C0332157
27647474	1272	1281	increased	T081	C0205217
27647474	1286	1296	expression	T045	C0017262
27647474	1300	1304	DMT1	T028	C1420089
27647474	1309	1315	caused	T169	C0015127
27647474	1319	1332	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27647474	1336	1340	ZnT1	T116,T123	C1438948
27647474	1355	1388	T calcium channel alpha1G subunit	T116,T123	C0752118
27647474	1402	1410	detected	T033	C0442726
27647474	1424	1434	expression	T045	C1171362
27647474	1438	1442	ZnTs	T043	C1159683
27647474	1447	1451	Zips	T043	C1159683
27647474	1455	1463	response	T032	C0871261
27647474	1467	1469	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27647474	1470	1478	exposure	T080	C0332157
27647474	1494	1505	involvement	T169	C1314939
27647474	1509	1524	Zn transporters	T116,T123	C1608304
27647474	1528	1530	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27647474	1531	1550	cellular metabolism	T025	C3826603
27647474	1555	1562	induced	T046	C0007994
27647474	1563	1579	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606

27647760|t|The relationship between polymorphisms of BDNFOS and BDNF genes and heroin addiction in the Han Chinese population
27647760|a|The number of heroin addicts is increasing in the world. Both environmental and genetic factors both play critical roles in the process of heroin addiction. We aimed to investigate the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LIN7C, BDNFOS and BDNF genes and drug addiction in the Han Chinese population. We conducted a case-control study among 692 cases and 700 healthy controls from Xi'an, China. Eight SNPs were selected and genotyped using MassARRAY technology (Sequenom, San Diego, CA, USA). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age and sex. Using the chi-squared test, we found that rs7481311 (OR =1.275, 95% CI = 1.087-1.497, p = 0.009) and rs11030096 (OR =1.227, 95% CI = 1.049-1.436, p = 0.011) in the BNDFOS were associated with an increased risk of heroin addiction. By contrast, rs988712 located in BDNFOS showed a decreased risk of heroin addiction (OR =0.734, 95% CI = 0.582-0.925, p = 0.003). By genetic model analysis, we found that the 'T' allele of rs988712 in BDNFOS had a protective role for heroin addiction in the additive model and dominant model (p < 0.05). By contrast, the allele 'T' of rs7481311 in BDNFOS significantly elevated the risk of heroin addiction in the additive model, recessive model and dominant model (p < 0.05). We also found that allele 'C ' of rs11030096 was associated with an increased risk of addiction in the dominant model and additive model (p < 0.05). Additionally, we found that rs6265, rs11030104 and rs10767664 in BDNF were associated with a decreased risk of heroin addiction (p < 0.05). However, only rs7481311 in BDNFOS remained significant after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.00625). These results suggest that polymorphisms of BDNFOS play an important role in heroin addiction susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
27647760	4	16	relationship	T080	C0439849
27647760	25	38	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
27647760	42	48	BDNFOS	T028	C1538322
27647760	53	63	BDNF genes	T028	C1332408
27647760	68	84	heroin addiction	T048	C0019337
27647760	92	114	Han Chinese population	UnknownType	C0814942
27647760	129	135	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
27647760	136	143	addicts	T101	C0858354
27647760	147	157	increasing	T169	C0442808
27647760	165	170	world	T098	C2700280
27647760	177	190	environmental	T080	C0686732
27647760	195	210	genetic factors	T080	C0814299
27647760	221	229	critical	T080	C1511545
27647760	243	250	process	T067	C1522240
27647760	254	270	heroin addiction	T048	C0019337
27647760	275	280	aimed	T078	C1947946
27647760	284	295	investigate	T169	C1292732
27647760	300	312	associations	T080	C0439849
27647760	321	352	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27647760	354	358	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27647760	363	368	LIN7C	T028	C1425077
27647760	370	376	BDNFOS	T028	C1538322
27647760	381	391	BDNF genes	T028	C1332408
27647760	396	410	drug addiction	T048	C1510472
27647760	418	440	Han Chinese population	UnknownType	C0814942
27647760	457	475	case-control study	T062	C0007328
27647760	486	491	cases	T169	C0868928
27647760	500	516	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27647760	522	527	Xi'an	UnknownType	C0681784
27647760	529	534	China	T083	C0008115
27647760	542	546	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27647760	552	560	selected	T052	C1707391
27647760	565	574	genotyped	T059	C1285573
27647760	581	601	MassARRAY technology	T170	C0282574
27647760	603	611	Sequenom	T073,T092	C0683757
27647760	613	626	San Diego, CA	T083	C3828258
27647760	628	631	USA	T083	C0041703
27647760	634	645	Odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27647760	647	649	OR	T081	C0028873
27647760	659	679	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27647760	681	684	CIs	T081	C0009667
27647760	691	701	calculated	T052	C1441506
27647760	705	738	unconditional logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27647760	753	756	age	T032	C0001779
27647760	761	764	sex	T032	C0079399
27647760	776	792	chi-squared test	T170	C0008041
27647760	808	817	rs7481311	T028	C0678941
27647760	819	821	OR	T081	C0028873
27647760	834	836	CI	T081	C0009667
27647760	867	877	rs11030096	T028	C0678941
27647760	879	881	OR	T081	C0028873
27647760	894	896	CI	T081	C0009667
27647760	930	936	BNDFOS	T028	C1538322
27647760	942	957	associated with	T080	C0332281
27647760	961	970	increased	T081	C0205217
27647760	971	975	risk	T078	C0035647
27647760	979	995	heroin addiction	T048	C0019337
27647760	1010	1018	rs988712	T028	C0678941
27647760	1030	1036	BDNFOS	T028	C1538322
27647760	1046	1055	decreased	T081	C0205216
27647760	1056	1060	risk	T078	C0035647
27647760	1064	1080	heroin addiction	T048	C0019337
27647760	1082	1084	OR	T081	C0028873
27647760	1097	1099	CI	T081	C0009667
27647760	1130	1143	genetic model	T170	C0026343
27647760	1144	1152	analysis	T062	C0936012
27647760	1172	1182	'T' allele	T028	C0002085
27647760	1186	1194	rs988712	T028	C0678941
27647760	1198	1204	BDNFOS	T028	C1538322
27647760	1231	1247	heroin addiction	T048	C0019337
27647760	1255	1269	additive model	T170	C0026343
27647760	1274	1288	dominant model	T170	C0026343
27647760	1318	1328	allele 'T'	T028	C0002085
27647760	1332	1341	rs7481311	T028	C0678941
27647760	1345	1351	BDNFOS	T028	C1538322
27647760	1366	1374	elevated	T080	C3163633
27647760	1379	1383	risk	T078	C0035647
27647760	1387	1403	heroin addiction	T048	C0019337
27647760	1411	1425	additive model	T170	C0026343
27647760	1427	1442	recessive model	T170	C0026343
27647760	1447	1461	dominant model	T170	C0026343
27647760	1493	1502	allele 'C	T028	C0002085
27647760	1508	1518	rs11030096	T028	C0678941
27647760	1523	1538	associated with	T080	C0332281
27647760	1542	1551	increased	T081	C0205217
27647760	1552	1556	risk	T078	C0035647
27647760	1560	1569	addiction	T048	C0019337
27647760	1577	1591	dominant model	T170	C0026343
27647760	1596	1610	additive model	T170	C0026343
27647760	1651	1657	rs6265	T028	C0678941
27647760	1659	1669	rs11030104	T028	C0678941
27647760	1674	1684	rs10767664	T028	C0678941
27647760	1688	1692	BDNF	T028	C1332408
27647760	1698	1713	associated with	T080	C0332281
27647760	1716	1725	decreased	T081	C0205216
27647760	1726	1730	risk	T078	C0035647
27647760	1734	1750	heroin addiction	T048	C0019337
27647760	1777	1786	rs7481311	T028	C0678941
27647760	1790	1796	BDNFOS	T028	C1538322
27647760	1806	1817	significant	T078	C0750502
27647760	1824	1845	Bonferroni correction	T081	C2347434
27647760	1867	1874	results	T033	C2825142
27647760	1888	1901	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
27647760	1905	1911	BDNFOS	T028	C1538322
27647760	1920	1929	important	T080	C3898777
27647760	1938	1954	heroin addiction	T048	C0019337
27647760	1955	1969	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
27647760	1977	1999	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942

27647762|t|Theranostic Upconversion Nanobeacons for Tumor mRNA Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection and Imaging - Monitored Drug Delivery
27647762|a|Remote optical detection and imaging of specific tumor -related biomarkers and simultaneous activation of therapy according to the expression level of the biomarkers in tumor site with theranostic probes should be an effective modality for treatment of cancers. Herein, an upconversion nanobeacon (UCNPs - MB / Dox) is proposed as a new theranostic nanoprobe to ratiometrically detect and visualize the thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) mRNA that can simultaneously trigger the Dox release to activate the chemotherapy accordingly. UCNPs - MB / Dox is constructed with the conjugation of a TK1 mRNA -specific molecular beacon (MB) bearing a quencher (BHQ-1) and an alkene handle modified upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) through click reaction and subsequently loading with a chemotherapy drug (Dox). With this nanobeacon, quantitative ratiometric upconversion detection of the target with high sensitivity and selectivity as well as the target triggered Dox release in vitro is demonstrated. The sensitive and selective ratiometric detection and imaging of TK1 mRNA under the irradiation of near infrared light (980 nm) and the mRNA -dependent release of Dox for chemotherapy in the tumor MCF-7 cells and A549 cells are also shown. This work provides a smart and robust platform for gene -related tumor theranostics.
27647762	0	36	Theranostic Upconversion Nanobeacons	T091	C4042913
27647762	41	46	Tumor	T191	C0027651
27647762	47	51	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27647762	52	86	Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection	T060	C0430876
27647762	91	98	Imaging	T060	C0025086
27647762	101	110	Monitored	T058	C0184514
27647762	111	124	Drug Delivery	T058	C1881966
27647762	125	149	Remote optical detection	T170	C0449335
27647762	154	161	imaging	T060	C0011923
27647762	174	179	tumor	T191	C0027651
27647762	189	199	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27647762	204	216	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27647762	217	227	activation	T052	C1879547
27647762	231	238	therapy	T061	C0087111
27647762	256	266	expression	T045	C1171362
27647762	280	290	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27647762	294	299	tumor	T191	C0027651
27647762	300	304	site	T029	C1515974
27647762	310	328	theranostic probes	T130	C0026381
27647762	342	351	effective	T080	C1704419
27647762	352	360	modality	T078	C0695347
27647762	365	385	treatment of cancers	T061	C0920425
27647762	398	421	upconversion nanobeacon	T073	C1450054
27647762	423	428	UCNPs	T073	C1450054
27647762	431	433	MB	T114,T123	C2350253
27647762	436	439	Dox	T109,T195	C0013089
27647762	444	452	proposed	T080	C1553874
27647762	462	483	theranostic nanoprobe	T073	C1881978
27647762	487	509	ratiometrically detect	T061	C1511790
27647762	514	523	visualize	T169	C0234621
27647762	528	546	thymidine kinase 1	T028	C1420747
27647762	548	551	TK1	T028	C1420747
27647762	553	557	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27647762	567	581	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27647762	582	589	trigger	T052	C1879547
27647762	594	597	Dox	T109,T195	C0013089
27647762	609	617	activate	T052	C1879547
27647762	622	634	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27647762	648	653	UCNPs	T073	C1450054
27647762	656	658	MB	T114,T123	C2350253
27647762	661	664	Dox	T109,T195	C0013089
27647762	689	700	conjugation	T043	C1160466
27647762	706	709	TK1	T028	C1420747
27647762	710	714	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27647762	725	741	molecular beacon	T114,T123	C2350253
27647762	743	745	MB	T114,T123	C2350253
27647762	757	765	quencher	T109,T130	C4041998
27647762	767	772	BHQ-1	T109,T130	C4041998
27647762	781	787	alkene	T109	C0002068
27647762	795	803	modified	T169	C0392747
27647762	804	829	upconversion nanoparticle	T073	C1450054
27647762	831	835	UCNP	T073	C1450054
27647762	845	859	click reaction	T070	C2936296
27647762	892	909	chemotherapy drug	T109,T121	C0003392
27647762	911	914	Dox	T109,T195	C0013089
27647762	927	937	nanobeacon	T073	C1450054
27647762	939	951	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27647762	952	986	ratiometric upconversion detection	T061	C1511790
27647762	994	1000	target	T169	C1521840
27647762	1006	1010	high	T080	C0205250
27647762	1011	1022	sensitivity	T080	C1522640
27647762	1027	1038	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27647762	1054	1060	target	T169	C1521840
27647762	1061	1070	triggered	T052	C1879547
27647762	1071	1074	Dox	T109,T195	C0013089
27647762	1083	1091	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27647762	1095	1107	demonstrated	T059	C1148554
27647762	1113	1122	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27647762	1127	1158	selective ratiometric detection	T061	C1511790
27647762	1163	1170	imaging	T060	C0011923
27647762	1174	1177	TK1	T028	C1420747
27647762	1178	1182	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27647762	1193	1204	irradiation	T037	C0015333
27647762	1213	1227	infrared light	T074	C0181645
27647762	1245	1249	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27647762	1272	1275	Dox	T109,T195	C0013089
27647762	1280	1292	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27647762	1300	1305	tumor	T191	C0027651
27647762	1306	1317	MCF-7 cells	T025	C0596890
27647762	1322	1332	A549 cells	T025	C4277577
27647762	1359	1367	provides	T052	C1999230
27647762	1380	1386	robust	T080	C2986815
27647762	1400	1404	gene	T028	C0017337
27647762	1414	1419	tumor	T191	C0027651
27647762	1420	1432	theranostics	T061	C0087111

27648073|t|Knowledge of Latin American Obstetricians and Gynecologists regarding Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
27648073|a|Background. Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common gynecological complaint affecting quality of life. Objectives. To assess knowledge on diagnosis and treatments of HMB of Latin American (LA) obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYNs). Methods. A survey was conducted during a scientific meeting, organized to provide updated information on topics of reproductive medicine to OBGYNs from 12 LA countries who were invited to respond to a multiple-choice questionnaire. Results. Of the 210 OBGYNs participating in the survey, from 169 (80.4%) to 203 (96.7%) answered the questions. Most respondents (80%) gave accurate answers regarding the amount of blood loss which defines HMB, underreported the proportion of women who consulted due to HMB, and were aware that the use of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) with ethynyl estradiol is not an adequate treatment in women with HMB. Female OBGYNs and those who worked in the private sector were more prone to report a higher possibility of improvement of HMB with a COC that contained estradiol valerate and dienogest or with a levonorgestrel - releasing intrauterine system. Conclusions. In general, the respondents were aware of the importance of HMB in gynecological practice and of the new medical treatments and underreported the proportion of women who consulted due to HMB.
27648073	13	27	Latin American	T098	C1553378
27648073	28	59	Obstetricians and Gynecologists	T097	C0586884
27648073	70	94	Heavy Menstrual Bleeding	T046	C0025323
27648073	107	131	Heavy menstrual bleeding	T046	C0025323
27648073	133	136	HMB	T046	C0025323
27648073	150	163	gynecological	T091	C0018417
27648073	174	183	affecting	T169	C0392760
27648073	184	199	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27648073	236	245	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27648073	250	260	treatments	T061	C0087111
27648073	264	267	HMB	T046	C0025323
27648073	271	285	Latin American	T098	C1553378
27648073	287	289	LA	T098	C1553378
27648073	291	322	obstetricians and gynecologists	T097	C0586884
27648073	324	330	OBGYNs	T097	C0586884
27648073	344	350	survey	T170	C0038951
27648073	374	392	scientific meeting	T052	C0556656
27648073	448	469	reproductive medicine	T091	C0242668
27648073	473	479	OBGYNs	T097	C0586884
27648073	488	490	LA	T098	C1553378
27648073	491	500	countries	T083	C0454664
27648073	534	563	multiple-choice questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27648073	585	591	OBGYNs	T097	C0586884
27648073	592	605	participating	T169	C0679823
27648073	613	619	survey	T170	C0038951
27648073	653	675	answered the questions	T061	C0508431
27648073	682	693	respondents	T098	C0282122
27648073	705	721	accurate answers	T170	C1706817
27648073	746	756	blood loss	T033	C3163616
27648073	771	774	HMB	T046	C0025323
27648073	794	804	proportion	T081	C1709707
27648073	808	813	women	T098	C0043210
27648073	818	827	consulted	T058	C0009818
27648073	835	838	HMB	T046	C0025323
27648073	871	899	combined oral contraceptives	T121	C0009906
27648073	901	905	COCs	T121	C0009906
27648073	912	929	ethynyl estradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0015011
27648073	940	948	adequate	T080	C0205411
27648073	949	958	treatment	T061	C0087111
27648073	962	967	women	T098	C0043210
27648073	973	976	HMB	T046	C0025323
27648073	978	984	Female	T032	C0086287
27648073	985	991	OBGYNs	T097	C0586884
27648073	1006	1012	worked	T057	C0043227
27648073	1020	1034	private sector	T098	C0033176
27648073	1085	1096	improvement	T077	C2986411
27648073	1100	1103	HMB	T046	C0025323
27648073	1111	1114	COC	T121	C0009906
27648073	1130	1148	estradiol valerate	T109,T121,T125	C0059623
27648073	1153	1162	dienogest	T109,T121,T125	C0057916
27648073	1173	1187	levonorgestrel	T109,T121,T125	C0023566
27648073	1190	1199	releasing	T169	C1283071
27648073	1200	1219	intrauterine system	T122	C4293370
27648073	1250	1261	respondents	T098	C0282122
27648073	1294	1297	HMB	T046	C0025323
27648073	1301	1314	gynecological	T091	C0018417
27648073	1315	1323	practice	T057	C0033284
27648073	1339	1357	medical treatments	T061	C0237078
27648073	1380	1390	proportion	T081	C1709707
27648073	1394	1399	women	T098	C0043210
27648073	1404	1413	consulted	T058	C0009818
27648073	1421	1424	HMB	T046	C0025323

27648078|t|Optimization of Corneal Epithelial Progenitor Cell Growth on Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Membranes
27648078|a|Scaffolds prepared from silk fibroin derived from cocoons of the domesticated silkworm moth Bombyx mori have demonstrated potential to support the attachment and growth of human limbal epithelial (HLE) cells in vitro. In this study, we attempted to further optimize protocols to promote the expansion of HLE cells on B. mori silk fibroin - (BMSF -) based scaffolds. BMSF films were initially coated with different extracellular matrix proteins and then analysed for their impact on corneal epithelial cell adhesion, cell morphology, and culture confluency. Results showed that collagen I, collagen III, and collagen IV consistently improved HCE-T cell adherence, promoted an elongated cell morphology, and increased culture confluency. By contrast, ECM coating had no significant effect on the performance of primary HLE cells cultured on BMSF films. In the second part of this study, primary HLE cells were grown on BMSF films in the presence of medium (SHEM) supplemented with keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and the Rho kinase inhibitor, Y-27632. The results demonstrated that SHEM medium supplemented with KGF and Y-27632 dramatically increased expression of corneal differentiation markers, keratin 3 and keratin 12, whereas expression of the progenitor marker, p63, did not appear to be significantly influenced by the choice of culture medium.
27648078	0	12	Optimization	T052	C2698650
27648078	16	23	Corneal	T023	C0010031
27648078	24	50	Epithelial Progenitor Cell	T025	C1707937
27648078	51	57	Growth	T043	C0007595
27648078	61	72	Bombyx mori	T204	C0323309
27648078	73	85	Silk Fibroin	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27648078	86	95	Membranes	T073	C0337143
27648078	96	105	Scaffolds	T073	C0337143
27648078	120	132	silk fibroin	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27648078	146	153	cocoons	T204	C0684063
27648078	174	187	silkworm moth	T204	C0323309
27648078	188	199	Bombyx mori	T204	C0323309
27648078	218	227	potential	T080	C3245505
27648078	243	253	attachment	T043	C0007577
27648078	258	264	growth	T043	C0007595
27648078	268	273	human	T016	C0086418
27648078	274	280	limbal	T023	C0085376
27648078	281	303	epithelial (HLE) cells	T025	C0014597
27648078	304	312	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27648078	322	327	study	T062	C2603343
27648078	362	371	protocols	T170	C2348563
27648078	387	396	expansion	T043	C0007595
27648078	400	409	HLE cells	T025	C0014597
27648078	413	420	B. mori	T204	C0323309
27648078	421	433	silk fibroin	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27648078	437	441	BMSF	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27648078	451	460	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
27648078	462	466	BMSF	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27648078	467	472	films	T073	C0337143
27648078	488	494	coated	T080	C1522408
27648078	510	539	extracellular matrix proteins	T116,T123	C0079323
27648078	549	557	analysed	T062	C0936012
27648078	568	574	impact	T080	C4049986
27648078	578	601	corneal epithelial cell	T025	C1182610
27648078	602	610	adhesion	T043	C0007577
27648078	612	627	cell morphology	T080	C0243091
27648078	633	651	culture confluency	T081	C0392762
27648078	653	660	Results	T169	C1274040
27648078	673	683	collagen I	T116,T123	C0041455
27648078	685	697	collagen III	T116,T123	C0009332
27648078	703	714	collagen IV	T116,T123	C0009333
27648078	737	747	HCE-T cell	T025	C0178708
27648078	748	757	adherence	T043	C0007577
27648078	771	780	elongated	T080	C0205166
27648078	781	796	cell morphology	T080	C0243091
27648078	802	811	increased	T081	C0205217
27648078	812	830	culture confluency	T081	C0392762
27648078	845	848	ECM	T116,T123	C0079323
27648078	849	856	coating	T080	C1522408
27648078	890	901	performance	T052	C1882330
27648078	905	912	primary	T080	C0205225
27648078	913	922	HLE cells	T025	C0014597
27648078	935	939	BMSF	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27648078	940	945	films	T073	C0337143
27648078	974	979	study	T062	C2603343
27648078	981	988	primary	T080	C0205225
27648078	989	998	HLE cells	T025	C0014597
27648078	1013	1017	BMSF	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27648078	1018	1023	films	T073	C0337143
27648078	1043	1049	medium	T130	C0010454
27648078	1051	1055	SHEM	T130	C0010454
27648078	1075	1101	keratinocyte growth factor	T116,T121	C0064294
27648078	1103	1106	KGF	T116,T121	C0064294
27648078	1116	1136	Rho kinase inhibitor	T109,T121	C0667301
27648078	1138	1145	Y-27632	T109,T121	C0667301
27648078	1151	1158	results	T169	C1274040
27648078	1177	1188	SHEM medium	T130	C0010454
27648078	1207	1210	KGF	T116,T121	C0064294
27648078	1215	1222	Y-27632	T109,T121	C0667301
27648078	1236	1245	increased	T081	C0205217
27648078	1246	1256	expression	T045	C1171362
27648078	1260	1267	corneal	T023	C0010031
27648078	1268	1283	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27648078	1284	1291	markers	T116,T123	C0033684
27648078	1293	1302	keratin 3	T116,T123	C1313613
27648078	1307	1317	keratin 12	T116	C1258464
27648078	1327	1337	expression	T045	C1171362
27648078	1345	1355	progenitor	T025	C0038250
27648078	1356	1362	marker	T116,T123	C0033684
27648078	1364	1367	p63	T116,T123	C1431519
27648078	1432	1446	culture medium	T130	C0010454

27648525|t|Risk and protective factors associated with adolescent girls' substance use: Data from a nationwide Facebook sample
27648525|a|Despite overall reductions in teenage substance use, adolescent girls ' rates of substance use remain unacceptably high. This article examines whether girls ' substance use is associated with general risk and protective factors (goal setting, problem solving, refusal skills, peer use, and self-efficacy) and gender - specific risk and protective factors (communication style, coping skills, self-esteem, body image, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression). Cross-sectional data were collected in 2013 via online surveys from a nationwide sample of adolescent girls (N = 788), aged 13 and 14 years, who were recruited through Facebook. In multivariate analyses, controlling for correlates of adolescent substance use, 11 of the 13 general and gender - specific risk and protective factors were consistently associated with past-month alcohol, cigarette, and other drug use in the expected direction; past-month marijuana use was associated with 8 of the 13 factors. Refusal skill s, peer use, coping, and depressive mood were most consistently and strongly associated with substance use. Substance abuse prevention programs targeting adolescent girls should focus on such general risk and protective factors as problem solving, refusal skill s, peer influences, and self-efficacy, as well as such gender - specific risk and protective factors as communication style, coping, self-esteem, body image, perceived stress, and mood management.
27648525	0	27	Risk and protective factors	T201	C0814287
27648525	28	43	associated with	T080	C0332281
27648525	44	61	adolescent girls'	T100	C0001588
27648525	62	75	substance use	T048	C0237123
27648525	77	81	Data	T078	C1511726
27648525	100	108	Facebook	T170	C3179065
27648525	132	142	reductions	T081	C0547047
27648525	146	153	teenage	T079	C0001578
27648525	154	167	substance use	T048	C0237123
27648525	169	185	adolescent girls	T100	C0001588
27648525	188	193	rates	T081	C1521828
27648525	197	210	substance use	T048	C0237123
27648525	218	235	unacceptably high	T080	C1299351
27648525	242	249	article	T170	C1706852
27648525	267	272	girls	T098	C0043210
27648525	275	288	substance use	T048	C0237123
27648525	292	307	associated with	T080	C0332281
27648525	316	343	risk and protective factors	T201	C0814287
27648525	345	357	goal setting	T041	C0025361
27648525	359	374	problem solving	T041	C0033211
27648525	376	390	refusal skills	T055	C0683255
27648525	392	400	peer use	T054	C0683549
27648525	406	419	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27648525	425	431	gender	T032	C0079399
27648525	434	442	specific	T080	C0205369
27648525	443	470	risk and protective factors	T201	C0814287
27648525	472	491	communication style	T054	C0178556
27648525	493	506	coping skills	T055	C0086059
27648525	508	519	self-esteem	T041	C0036597
27648525	521	531	body image	T041	C0005891
27648525	533	549	perceived stress	T048	C0038443
27648525	551	558	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27648525	564	574	depression	T048	C0011570
27648525	577	597	Cross-sectional data	T062	C0010362
27648525	625	639	online surveys	T062	C0178803
27648525	668	684	adolescent girls	T100	C0001588
27648525	745	753	Facebook	T170	C3179065
27648525	758	779	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
27648525	797	807	correlates	T041	C0871178
27648525	811	821	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27648525	822	835	substance use	T048	C0237123
27648525	862	868	gender	T032	C0079399
27648525	871	879	specific	T080	C0205369
27648525	880	907	risk and protective factors	T201	C0814287
27648525	926	941	associated with	T080	C0332281
27648525	953	960	alcohol	T055	C0001948
27648525	962	971	cigarette	T055	C0694535
27648525	983	991	drug use	T048	C0242510
27648525	1019	1043	past-month marijuana use	T048	C0871810
27648525	1048	1063	associated with	T080	C0332281
27648525	1076	1083	factors	T169	C1521761
27648525	1085	1098	Refusal skill	T055	C0683255
27648525	1102	1110	peer use	T054	C0683549
27648525	1112	1118	coping	T055	C0009967
27648525	1124	1139	depressive mood	T033	C0344315
27648525	1176	1191	associated with	T080	C0332281
27648525	1192	1205	substance use	T048	C0237123
27648525	1207	1233	Substance abuse prevention	T058	C1171221
27648525	1234	1242	programs	T058	C0043113
27648525	1253	1269	adolescent girls	T100	C0001588
27648525	1299	1326	risk and protective factors	T201	C0814287
27648525	1330	1345	problem solving	T041	C0033211
27648525	1347	1360	refusal skill	T055	C0683255
27648525	1364	1379	peer influences	T054	C0683549
27648525	1385	1398	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27648525	1416	1422	gender	T032	C0079399
27648525	1425	1433	specific	T080	C0205369
27648525	1434	1461	risk and protective factors	T201	C0814287
27648525	1465	1484	communication style	T054	C0178556
27648525	1486	1492	coping	T055	C0009967
27648525	1494	1505	self-esteem	T041	C0036597
27648525	1507	1517	body image	T041	C0005891
27648525	1519	1535	perceived stress	T048	C0038443
27648525	1541	1556	mood management	T061	C0262715

27648744|t|Gambling disorders, gambling type preferences, and psychiatric comorbidity among the Thai general population: Results of the 2013 National Mental Health Survey
27648744|a|Background and aims To estimate the prevalence of problem and pathological gambling, gender and age-group differences in gambling types, and comorbidities with other psychiatric disorders among the Thai general population. Methods Analysis was conducted on 4,727 participants of Thailand's 2013 National Mental Health Survey, a multistage stratified cluster survey, using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Diagnoses of problem and pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders were based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria with the following additional criteria for gamblers: more than 10 lifetime gambling episodes and a single year loss of at least 365 USD from gambling. Results The estimated lifetime prevalence rates of pathological and problem gambling were 0.90% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51-1.29] and 1.14% (95% CI: 0.58-1.70), respectively. The most popular type of gambling was playing lotteries [69.5%, standard error (SE) = 1.9], the prevalence of which was significantly higher among females and older age groups. The most common psychiatric disorders seen among pathological gamblers were alcohol abuse (57.4%), nicotine dependence (49.5%), and any drug use disorder (16.2%). Pathological gambling was highly prevalent among those who ever experienced major depressive episodes (5.5%), any drug dependence (5.1%), and intermittent explosive disorder (4.8%). The association between pathological gambling was strongest with a history of major depressive episode [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 10.4, 95% CI: 2.80-38.4]. Conclusion The study confirms the recognition of gambling disorders as a public health concern in Thailand and suggests a need for culturally specific preventive measures for pathological gamblers and those with a history of substance use disorders or major depression.
27648744	0	18	Gambling disorders	T048	C0030662
27648744	20	28	gambling	T055	C0016995
27648744	51	62	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
27648744	63	74	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27648744	85	108	Thai general population	T098	C0337910
27648744	130	159	National Mental Health Survey	T170	C3481515
27648744	196	206	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27648744	210	217	problem	T048	C0850474
27648744	222	243	pathological gambling	T048	C0030662
27648744	245	251	gender	T032	C0079399
27648744	256	265	age-group	T100	C0027362
27648744	281	295	gambling types	T055	C0016995
27648744	301	314	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27648744	326	347	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
27648744	358	381	Thai general population	T098	C0337910
27648744	423	435	participants	T098	C0679646
27648744	439	449	Thailand's	T083	C0039725
27648744	455	484	National Mental Health Survey	T170	C3481515
27648744	488	524	multistage stratified cluster survey	T170	C0038951
27648744	536	580	Composite International Diagnostic Interview	T170	C0451085
27648744	582	591	Diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27648744	595	602	problem	T048	C0850474
27648744	607	628	pathological gambling	T048	C0030662
27648744	639	660	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
27648744	679	697	DSM-IV-TR criteria	T170	C0220952
27648744	728	736	criteria	T078	C0243161
27648744	741	749	gamblers	T055	C0858352
27648744	764	772	lifetime	T079	C4071830
27648744	797	813	single year loss	T081	C1517945
27648744	830	833	USD	T081	C0562019
27648744	839	847	gambling	T055	C0016995
27648744	871	879	lifetime	T079	C4071830
27648744	880	896	prevalence rates	T081	C0033105
27648744	900	912	pathological	T048	C0030662
27648744	917	933	problem gambling	T048	C0850474
27648744	950	969	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27648744	971	973	CI	T081	C0009667
27648744	1002	1004	CI	T081	C0009667
27648744	1057	1065	gambling	T055	C0016995
27648744	1070	1087	playing lotteries	T055	C0018464
27648744	1096	1110	standard error	T081	C1710181
27648744	1112	1114	SE	T081	C1710181
27648744	1128	1138	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27648744	1179	1186	females	T032	C0086287
27648744	1191	1207	older age groups	T098	C0001792
27648744	1225	1246	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
27648744	1258	1279	pathological gamblers	T048	C0030662
27648744	1285	1298	alcohol abuse	T048	C0085762
27648744	1308	1327	nicotine dependence	T048	C0028043
27648744	1345	1362	drug use disorder	T048	C0013222
27648744	1372	1393	Pathological gambling	T048	C0030662
27648744	1448	1473	major depressive episodes	T048	C0024517
27648744	1486	1501	drug dependence	T048	C1510472
27648744	1514	1545	intermittent explosive disorder	T048	C0021776
27648744	1578	1599	pathological gambling	T048	C0030662
27648744	1632	1656	major depressive episode	T048	C0024517
27648744	1658	1677	adjusted odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27648744	1679	1682	AOR	T081	C0028873
27648744	1696	1698	CI	T081	C0009667
27648744	1746	1757	recognition	T041	C0524637
27648744	1761	1779	gambling disorders	T048	C0030662
27648744	1785	1798	public health	T170	C3244304
27648744	1810	1818	Thailand	T083	C0039725
27648744	1843	1853	culturally	T169	C0220814
27648744	1863	1873	preventive	T080	C1456501
27648744	1887	1908	pathological gamblers	T048	C0030662
27648744	1937	1960	substance use disorders	T048	C0038586
27648744	1964	1980	major depression	T048	C1269683

27649458|t|Synovial sarcoma of the hypopharynx in a pediatric patient: Case report
27649458|a|Synovial sarcoma (SS) is uncommon high grade soft tissue sarcoma, accounting for less than 10% of all head and neck sarcomas. Also, about 10% of SS occur within the Head & Neck. In the pediatric population, SS is an extremely rare head & neck malignancy. We present a case of sixteen years old boy diagnosed with SS situated of the hypopharynx treated by surgical excision and post operative radio - chemotherapy. This anatomical location brings additional functional challenges (swallowing, phonation, respiration), especially in the pediatric population. Pre-operative and even post-operative histopathological diagnosis of SS remains difficult. Optimal treatment of Head & Neck SS has to balance functional and oncologic aspects. SS is an extremely rare head & neck malignancy in pediatric population. It has multifaceted challenges including pre and post-operative histopathological diagnosis and optimal modality of treatment. Clinical judgment, especially in the pediatric population, needs to balance tumor free margins and organ preservation in head and neck region.
27649458	0	16	Synovial sarcoma	T191	C0039101
27649458	24	35	hypopharynx	T029	C0020629
27649458	41	50	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27649458	51	58	patient	T101	C0030705
27649458	60	71	Case report	T170	C0085973
27649458	72	88	Synovial sarcoma	T191	C0039101
27649458	90	92	SS	T191	C0039101
27649458	117	128	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
27649458	129	136	sarcoma	T191	C1261473
27649458	174	196	head and neck sarcomas	T191	C1827431
27649458	217	219	SS	T191	C0039101
27649458	237	241	Head	T029	C0018670
27649458	244	248	Neck	T029	C0027530
27649458	257	266	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27649458	267	277	population	T098	C1257890
27649458	279	281	SS	T191	C0039101
27649458	298	302	rare	T080	C0522498
27649458	303	325	head & neck malignancy	T191	C1827431
27649458	366	369	boy	T100	C0870221
27649458	370	379	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27649458	385	387	SS	T191	C0039101
27649458	404	415	hypopharynx	T029	C0020629
27649458	416	426	treated by	T061	C0332293
27649458	427	444	surgical excision	T061	C0728940
27649458	449	463	post operative	T033	C0241311
27649458	464	469	radio	T061	C1522449
27649458	472	484	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27649458	491	510	anatomical location	T029	C0923870
27649458	529	539	functional	T169	C0205245
27649458	540	550	challenges	T058	C0805586
27649458	552	562	swallowing	T040	C0011167
27649458	564	573	phonation	T042	C0031577
27649458	575	586	respiration	T039	C0035203
27649458	607	616	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27649458	617	627	population	T098	C1257890
27649458	629	642	Pre-operative	T079	C0445204
27649458	652	666	post-operative	T033	C0241311
27649458	667	684	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27649458	685	694	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27649458	698	700	SS	T191	C0039101
27649458	720	727	Optimal	T080	C2698651
27649458	728	737	treatment	T061	C0087111
27649458	741	745	Head	T029	C0018670
27649458	748	752	Neck	T029	C0027530
27649458	753	755	SS	T191	C0039101
27649458	771	781	functional	T169	C0205245
27649458	786	795	oncologic	T091	C0205478
27649458	796	803	aspects	T080	C1879746
27649458	805	807	SS	T191	C0039101
27649458	824	828	rare	T080	C0522498
27649458	829	851	head & neck malignancy	T191	C1827431
27649458	855	864	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27649458	865	875	population	T098	C1257890
27649458	884	896	multifaceted	T082	C0205291
27649458	897	907	challenges	T058	C0805586
27649458	926	940	post-operative	T033	C0241311
27649458	941	958	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27649458	959	968	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27649458	973	980	optimal	T080	C2698651
27649458	981	989	modality	T078	C0695347
27649458	993	1002	treatment	T061	C0087111
27649458	1004	1021	Clinical judgment	T170	C0237512
27649458	1041	1050	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27649458	1051	1061	population	T098	C1257890
27649458	1080	1098	tumor free margins	T034	C0332648
27649458	1103	1121	organ preservation	T061	C0029209
27649458	1125	1129	head	T029	C0018670
27649458	1134	1138	neck	T029	C0027530
27649458	1139	1145	region	T029	C0005898

27649667|t|LncRNA MIAT enhances cardiac hypertrophy partly through sponging miR-150
27649667|a|In this work, we aimed to study whether myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) exerts a regulative effect on cardiac hypertrophy via acting as a miR-150 sponge. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced using Angiotensin II (Ang II). MIAT and miR-150 expression were quantified using qRT-PCR. Rat heart - derived H9c2 cells were used as the in vitro model. Cardiac hypertrophic features were assessed by quantifying cardiac hypertrophic genes and measurement of cell surface, protein synthesis and total protein content. MIAT is significantly increased in Ang II induced cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model and in H9c2 cells. MIAT siRNA substantially alleviated the Ang II induced upregulation of ANP, BNP and β-MHC in H9c2 cells and markedly attenuated the Ang II induced increase of the cell surface area and the protein synthesis. MIAT overexpression in H9c2 cells significantly reduced the miR-150 expression. MIAT inhibition also partly restored the miR-150 levels under Ang II treatment. MiR-150 overexpression could attenuate the Ang II induced upregulation of hypertrophic marker genes and suppress the Ang II induced hypertrophic phenotypes of the cells. MIAT is significantly increased in Ang II induced cardiac hypertrophy and contributes to the pathological development. MIAT can suppress miR-150 expression in cardiomyocytes and miR-150 is a downstream effector of MIAT in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
27649667	0	11	LncRNA MIAT	T114	C1870266
27649667	12	20	enhances	T052	C2349975
27649667	21	40	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27649667	65	72	miR-150	T028	C1537805
27649667	113	156	myocardial infarction associated transcript	T114	C1870266
27649667	158	162	MIAT	T114	C1870266
27649667	173	183	regulative	T038	C1327622
27649667	184	190	effect	T080	C1280500
27649667	194	213	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27649667	230	237	miR-150	T028	C1537805
27649667	246	265	Cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27649667	270	277	induced	T169	C0205263
27649667	284	298	Angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27649667	300	306	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27649667	309	313	MIAT	T114	C1870266
27649667	318	325	miR-150	T028	C1537805
27649667	326	336	expression	T045	C0017262
27649667	342	352	quantified	T081	C1709793
27649667	359	366	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
27649667	368	377	Rat heart	T023	C1882687
27649667	380	387	derived	T080	C1441547
27649667	388	398	H9c2 cells	T025	C1135917
27649667	416	430	in vitro model	T062	C1515654
27649667	432	452	Cardiac hypertrophic	T046	C1383860
27649667	467	475	assessed	T052	C1516048
27649667	479	490	quantifying	T081	C1709793
27649667	491	511	cardiac hypertrophic	T046	C1383860
27649667	512	517	genes	T028	C0017337
27649667	522	533	measurement	T169	C0242485
27649667	537	549	cell surface	T026	C0699040
27649667	551	568	protein synthesis	T044	C0597295
27649667	579	586	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27649667	587	594	content	T081	C1264655
27649667	596	600	MIAT	T114	C1870266
27649667	618	627	increased	T081	C0205217
27649667	631	637	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27649667	638	645	induced	T169	C0205263
27649667	646	665	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27649667	671	682	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27649667	690	700	H9c2 cells	T025	C1135917
27649667	702	706	MIAT	T114	C1870266
27649667	707	712	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27649667	742	748	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27649667	749	756	induced	T169	C0205263
27649667	757	769	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27649667	773	776	ANP	T028	C1417807
27649667	778	781	BNP	T028	C1417808
27649667	786	791	β-MHC	T028	C0017337
27649667	795	805	H9c2 cells	T025	C1135917
27649667	819	829	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27649667	834	840	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27649667	841	848	induced	T169	C0205263
27649667	849	857	increase	T169	C0442805
27649667	865	877	cell surface	T026	C0699040
27649667	878	882	area	T082	C0205146
27649667	891	908	protein synthesis	T044	C0597295
27649667	910	914	MIAT	T114	C1870266
27649667	915	929	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27649667	933	943	H9c2 cells	T025	C1135917
27649667	958	965	reduced	T080	C0392756
27649667	970	977	miR-150	T028	C1537805
27649667	978	988	expression	T045	C0017262
27649667	990	994	MIAT	T114	C1870266
27649667	995	1005	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27649667	1031	1038	miR-150	T028	C1537805
27649667	1039	1045	levels	T080	C0441889
27649667	1052	1058	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27649667	1059	1068	treatment	T169	C1522326
27649667	1070	1077	MiR-150	T028	C1537805
27649667	1078	1092	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27649667	1099	1108	attenuate	T052	C0599946
27649667	1113	1119	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27649667	1120	1127	induced	T169	C0205263
27649667	1128	1140	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27649667	1144	1156	hypertrophic	T046	C0020564
27649667	1157	1163	marker	T201	C0005516
27649667	1164	1169	genes	T028	C0017337
27649667	1174	1182	suppress	T169	C1260953
27649667	1187	1193	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27649667	1194	1201	induced	T169	C0205263
27649667	1202	1214	hypertrophic	T046	C0020564
27649667	1215	1225	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27649667	1233	1238	cells	T025	C0007634
27649667	1240	1244	MIAT	T114	C1870266
27649667	1262	1271	increased	T081	C0205217
27649667	1275	1281	Ang II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27649667	1282	1289	induced	T169	C0205263
27649667	1290	1309	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27649667	1333	1345	pathological	T169	C1521733
27649667	1346	1357	development	T169	C1527148
27649667	1359	1363	MIAT	T114	C1870266
27649667	1368	1376	suppress	T169	C1260953
27649667	1377	1384	miR-150	T028	C1537805
27649667	1385	1395	expression	T045	C0017262
27649667	1399	1413	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27649667	1418	1425	miR-150	T028	C1537805
27649667	1454	1458	MIAT	T114	C1870266
27649667	1466	1477	development	T169	C1527148
27649667	1481	1500	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860

27649824|t|Ethics Hype?
27649824|a|There has been growing concern about the phenomenon of science hype, the tendency to exaggerate the value or near - future application of research results. Although this is a problem that touches every area of biomedicine, the topic of genetics seems to be particularly prone to enthusiastic predictions. The world has been told for over two decades -by the media, researchers, politicians, and the biotech industry -that a genome -driven health care revolution is just around the corner. And while the revolution never seems to arrive, the hopeful rhetoric continues. It has been suggested that this unrelenting " genohype " is having a range of adverse social consequences, including misleading the public and hurting the long-term legitimacy of the field. While we need more good data on the nature and magnitude of these possible harms, few would argue with the proposition that sustained science hype is a bad thing. We all benefit from robust science and accurate public representations of biomedical research. But, to date, there has been very little consideration of the degree to which the scholarship on the related ethical, legal, and social issues has been hyped. Are the conclusions from ELSI scholarship also exaggerated?
27649824	0	6	Ethics	T078	C0015000
27649824	7	11	Hype	T080	C0683753
27649824	36	43	concern	T078	C2699424
27649824	54	64	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27649824	68	75	science	T090	C0036397
27649824	76	80	hype	T080	C0683753
27649824	98	108	exaggerate	T080	C0442801
27649824	122	126	near	T080	C1706276
27649824	129	135	future	T079	C0016884
27649824	136	147	application	T169	C4048755
27649824	151	167	research results	T033	C0683954
27649824	188	195	problem	T033	C0033213
27649824	215	234	area of biomedicine	T091	C1879848
27649824	240	245	topic	T170	C1555712
27649824	249	257	genetics	T091	C0017398
27649824	292	304	enthusiastic	T041	C0558083
27649824	305	316	predictions	T078	C0681842
27649824	322	327	world	T098	C2700280
27649824	355	362	decades	T079	C1254367
27649824	371	376	media	T170	C0009458
27649824	378	389	researchers	T097	C0035173
27649824	391	402	politicians	T097	C0682232
27649824	412	419	biotech	T091	C0005574
27649824	420	428	industry	T057	C0021267
27649824	437	443	genome	T028	C0017428
27649824	452	463	health care	T058	C0086388
27649824	464	474	revolution	T068	C0441716
27649824	516	526	revolution	T068	C0441716
27649824	562	570	rhetoric	T169	C0814791
27649824	628	636	genohype	T080	C0683753
27649824	660	667	adverse	T033	C0243095
27649824	668	687	social consequences	T054	C0037397
27649824	714	720	public	T098	C0162592
27649824	725	732	hurting	T184	C3640015
27649824	737	746	long-term	T079	C0443252
27649824	747	757	legitimacy	T089	C0023262
27649824	765	770	field	T077	C1521738
27649824	796	800	data	T078	C1511726
27649824	808	814	nature	T078	C0349590
27649824	819	828	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27649824	847	852	harms	UnknownType	C0680558
27649824	879	890	proposition	T170	C0035174
27649824	896	905	sustained	T169	C0443318
27649824	906	913	science	T090	C0036397
27649824	914	918	hype	T080	C0683753
27649824	942	949	benefit	T081	C0814225
27649824	955	961	robust	T080	C2986815
27649824	962	969	science	T090	C0036397
27649824	974	982	accurate	T080	C0443131
27649824	983	989	public	T098	C0162592
27649824	990	1005	representations	T052	C1882932
27649824	1009	1028	biomedical research	T062	C0005540
27649824	1071	1084	consideration	T033	C0518609
27649824	1092	1098	degree	T081	C0449286
27649824	1112	1123	scholarship	T078	C0036365
27649824	1139	1146	ethical	T078	C0086264
27649824	1148	1153	legal	T089	C0680513
27649824	1159	1172	social issues	T054	C0683653
27649824	1197	1208	conclusions	T078	C1707478
27649824	1214	1230	ELSI scholarship	T078	C0036365
27649824	1236	1247	exaggerated	T080	C0442801

27649982|t|Ocular hypotensive effect of the novel EP3 / FP agonist ONO-9054 versus Xalatan: results of a 28- day, double-masked, randomised study
27649982|a|ONO-9054 is being developed for the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) and open-angle glaucoma (OAG). This study compared the novel dual EP3 / FP agonist ONO-9054 with the FP agonist Xalatan. Adults (n=123) with bilateral mild/moderate OAG or OHT, with unmedicated IOP of ≥24 mm Hg at 8:00 hours, ≥21 mm Hg at 10:00 hours and ≤36 mm Hg, were randomised 1:1 to receive ONO-9054 (0.003%, 30 μg/mL) or Xalatan (0.005%, 50 μg/mL) once daily for 28 days. Day 29 mean diurnal IOP was -7.2 mm Hg for ONO-9054 vs -6.6 mm Hg for Xalatan. At 08:00 hours, the IOPs were comparable, and at all later time points the decrease in IOP was greater for ONO-9054. On day 29, the odds of a mean IOP reduction of ≤-25%, ≤-30% and ≤-35% for ONO-9054 were 2.39, 2.37 and 4.85 times more, respectively, than the odds for Xalatan (p<0.05, post hoc analyses). The percentage of subjects achieving target IOPs on day 29 (≤17, ≤16 and ≤15 mm Hg) was greater for ONO-9054 than for Xalatan; the odds of achieving an IOP ≤15 mm Hg for ONO-9054 were 2.4 times more than the odds for Xalatan (p<0.01, post hoc analysis). Subjects randomised to receive ONO-9054 were more likely to achieve a greater per cent reduction in IOP and were more likely to achieve target IOPs than those receiving Xalatan. The effects of ONO-9054 in reducing IOP appear to persist longer than those of Xalatan. NCT02083289, Results.
27649982	0	18	Ocular hypotensive	T047	C0028841
27649982	19	25	effect	T080	C1280500
27649982	39	42	EP3	T116,T192	C1449580
27649982	45	47	FP	T116,T192	C0662784
27649982	48	55	agonist	T121	C2987634
27649982	56	64	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	72	79	Xalatan	T109,T121	C0593887
27649982	98	101	day	T079	C0439228
27649982	103	116	double-masked	T062	C0013072
27649982	118	128	randomised	T080	C0439605
27649982	129	134	study	T062	C2603343
27649982	135	143	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	171	180	reduction	T080	C0392756
27649982	184	204	intraocular pressure	T042	C0021888
27649982	206	209	IOP	T042	C0021888
27649982	214	222	patients	T101	C0030705
27649982	228	247	ocular hypertension	T047	C0028841
27649982	249	252	OHT	T047	C0028841
27649982	258	277	open-angle glaucoma	T047	C0017612
27649982	279	282	OAG	T047	C0017612
27649982	290	295	study	T062	C2603343
27649982	320	323	EP3	T116,T192	C1449580
27649982	326	328	FP	T116,T192	C0662784
27649982	329	336	agonist	T121	C2987634
27649982	337	345	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	355	357	FP	T116,T192	C0662784
27649982	358	365	agonist	T121	C2987634
27649982	366	373	Xalatan	T109,T121	C0593887
27649982	375	381	Adults	T100	C0001675
27649982	419	422	OAG	T047	C0017612
27649982	426	429	OHT	T047	C0028841
27649982	448	451	IOP	T042	C0021888
27649982	551	559	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	582	589	Xalatan	T109,T121	C0593887
27649982	614	619	daily	T079	C0332173
27649982	627	631	days	T079	C0439228
27649982	633	636	Day	T079	C0439228
27649982	653	656	IOP	T042	C0021888
27649982	676	684	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	703	710	Xalatan	T109,T121	C0593887
27649982	732	736	IOPs	T042	C0021888
27649982	787	795	decrease	T081	C0547047
27649982	799	802	IOP	T042	C0021888
27649982	819	827	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	832	835	day	T079	C0439228
27649982	859	862	IOP	T042	C0021888
27649982	863	872	reduction	T080	C0392756
27649982	903	911	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	981	988	Xalatan	T109,T121	C0593887
27649982	998	1015	post hoc analyses	T062	C0936012
27649982	1062	1066	IOPs	T042	C0021888
27649982	1070	1073	day	T079	C0439228
27649982	1118	1126	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	1136	1143	Xalatan	T109,T121	C0593887
27649982	1170	1173	IOP	T042	C0021888
27649982	1188	1196	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	1235	1242	Xalatan	T109,T121	C0593887
27649982	1252	1269	post hoc analysis	T062	C0936012
27649982	1303	1311	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	1372	1375	IOP	T042	C0021888
27649982	1415	1419	IOPs	T042	C0021888
27649982	1441	1448	Xalatan	T109,T121	C0593887
27649982	1465	1473	ONO-9054	T109	C4277062
27649982	1486	1489	IOP	T042	C0021888
27649982	1529	1536	Xalatan	T109,T121	C0593887

27650225|t|Lubiprostone Accelerates Intestinal Transit and Alleviates Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Patients With Chronic Constipation
27650225|a|Lubiprostone is an effective treatment for chronic constipation (CC). The mechanism of action of lubiprostone is through increasing fluid secretion and lubrication of the intestinal lumen. The effects of lubiprostone on gastrointestinal transit and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) have not been adequately explored. The current study was designed to investigate whether lubiprostone (1) alters gastrointestinal transit and (2) affects SIBO in patients with constipation. A total of 29 female patients (mean age = 39 years; range: 19-64) with CC received 2 weeks of lubiprostone (24mcg b.i.d., P.O.). Stool consistency based on Bristol stool scale and the frequency of bowel movements (BMs) were recorded. Gastric emptying time, small bowel transit time, colon transit time (CTT), combined small and large bowel transit time (SLBTT) and whole gut transit time were measured using wireless motility capsule. The SIBO status was assessed by the lactulose breath test. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank, Mann-Whitney U, Spearman׳s rank correlation and Chi-square tests. Lubiprostone significantly softened the stool and increased the frequency of BM from median of 2 to 4 times per week. The CTT and SLBTT were significantly shorter in responders to lubiprostone (i.e., those with ≥ 2 times increase in the number of their weekly BM) compared with nonresponders. The higher frequency of BM after treatment was significantly correlated with the acceleration of CTT, SLBTT and whole gut transit time. In all, 17 out of 25 (68%) patients, who were tested for SIBO at baseline, were positive. In addition, 7 out of 17 (41%) SIBO - positive patients became SIBO - negative after lubiprostone treatment (P < 0.05). In CC, lubiprostone improves the frequency of BMs, softens the stool, accelerates intestinal transit and decreases accompanying SIBO. The improvement of SIBO could be explained by the cleansing effect of increased intestinal fluid and mucus combined with enhanced intestinal motility with lubiprostone.
27650225	0	12	Lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405
27650225	13	24	Accelerates	T169	C0521110
27650225	25	43	Intestinal Transit	T042	C0232484
27650225	48	58	Alleviates	T169	C0205245
27650225	59	96	Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth	T047	C3160854
27650225	100	108	Patients	T101	C0030705
27650225	114	134	Chronic Constipation	T184	C0401149
27650225	135	147	Lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405
27650225	154	163	effective	T080	C1704419
27650225	164	173	treatment	T169	C1522326
27650225	178	198	chronic constipation	T184	C0401149
27650225	200	202	CC	T184	C0401149
27650225	209	228	mechanism of action	T169	C1524059
27650225	232	244	lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405
27650225	256	266	increasing	T169	C0442808
27650225	267	282	fluid secretion	T043	C2263233
27650225	287	298	lubrication	T067	C0024069
27650225	306	322	intestinal lumen	T030	C0545876
27650225	328	335	effects	T080	C1280500
27650225	339	351	lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405
27650225	355	379	gastrointestinal transit	T042	C0232484
27650225	384	421	small intestinal bacterial overgrowth	T047	C3160854
27650225	423	427	SIBO	T047	C3160854
27650225	476	481	study	T062	C2603343
27650225	498	509	investigate	T169	C1292732
27650225	518	530	lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405
27650225	542	566	gastrointestinal transit	T042	C0232484
27650225	583	587	SIBO	T047	C3160854
27650225	591	599	patients	T101	C0030705
27650225	605	617	constipation	T184	C0009806
27650225	633	648	female patients	T032	C0150905
27650225	650	658	mean age	T032	C0001779
27650225	664	669	years	T079	C0439234
27650225	671	676	range	T081	C1514721
27650225	690	692	CC	T184	C0401149
27650225	693	701	received	T080	C1514756
27650225	704	709	weeks	T079	C0439230
27650225	713	725	lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405
27650225	748	765	Stool consistency	T033	C0426740
27650225	775	794	Bristol stool scale	T170	C4084861
27650225	803	831	frequency of bowel movements	T033	C0426642
27650225	833	836	BMs	T040	C0011135
27650225	853	874	Gastric emptying time	T079	C1954153
27650225	876	900	small bowel transit time	T042	C1254358
27650225	902	907	colon	T023	C0009368
27650225	908	920	transit time	T042	C1254358
27650225	922	925	CTT	T042	C1254358
27650225	937	971	small and large bowel transit time	T042	C0232688
27650225	973	978	SLBTT	T042	C0232688
27650225	990	993	gut	T023	C0699819
27650225	994	1006	transit time	T042	C1254358
27650225	1012	1020	measured	T080	C0444706
27650225	1027	1052	wireless motility capsule	T060	C0430022
27650225	1058	1062	SIBO	T047	C3160854
27650225	1063	1069	status	T080	C0449438
27650225	1090	1111	lactulose breath test	T060	C0344439
27650225	1113	1117	Data	T078	C1511726
27650225	1123	1131	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27650225	1138	1151	Wilcoxon rank	T081	C0242931
27650225	1153	1167	Mann-Whitney U	T081	C0242927
27650225	1169	1196	Spearman׳s rank correlation	T081	C0242929
27650225	1201	1217	Chi-square tests	T170	C0008041
27650225	1219	1231	Lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405
27650225	1246	1254	softened	T067	C0870079
27650225	1259	1264	stool	T031	C0015733
27650225	1269	1278	increased	T081	C0205217
27650225	1283	1298	frequency of BM	T033	C0426642
27650225	1304	1310	median	T081	C0876920
27650225	1321	1326	times	T081	C1632851
27650225	1331	1335	week	T079	C0439230
27650225	1341	1344	CTT	T042	C1254358
27650225	1349	1354	SLBTT	T042	C0232688
27650225	1374	1381	shorter	T080	C1282927
27650225	1385	1395	responders	T098	C1257890
27650225	1399	1411	lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405
27650225	1434	1439	times	T081	C1632851
27650225	1440	1448	increase	T169	C0442805
27650225	1456	1462	number	T081	C0237753
27650225	1472	1478	weekly	T079	C0332174
27650225	1479	1481	BM	T040	C0011135
27650225	1483	1491	compared	T052	C1707455
27650225	1497	1510	nonresponders	T098	C1257890
27650225	1516	1522	higher	T080	C0205250
27650225	1523	1538	frequency of BM	T033	C0426642
27650225	1545	1554	treatment	T169	C1522326
27650225	1573	1583	correlated	T080	C1707520
27650225	1593	1605	acceleration	T067	C0000894
27650225	1609	1612	CTT	T042	C1254358
27650225	1614	1619	SLBTT	T042	C0232688
27650225	1630	1633	gut	T023	C0699819
27650225	1634	1646	transit time	T042	C1254358
27650225	1675	1683	patients	T101	C0030705
27650225	1694	1700	tested	T169	C0039593
27650225	1705	1709	SIBO	T047	C3160854
27650225	1713	1721	baseline	T081	C1442488
27650225	1728	1736	positive	T033	C1446409
27650225	1769	1773	SIBO	T047	C3160854
27650225	1776	1784	positive	T033	C1446409
27650225	1785	1793	patients	T101	C0030705
27650225	1801	1805	SIBO	T047	C3160854
27650225	1808	1816	negative	T033	C0205160
27650225	1823	1835	lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405
27650225	1836	1845	treatment	T169	C1522326
27650225	1861	1863	CC	T184	C0401149
27650225	1865	1877	lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405
27650225	1891	1907	frequency of BMs	T033	C0426642
27650225	1909	1916	softens	T067	C0870079
27650225	1921	1926	stool	T031	C0015733
27650225	1928	1939	accelerates	T169	C0521110
27650225	1940	1958	intestinal transit	T042	C0232484
27650225	1963	1972	decreases	T081	C0547047
27650225	1986	1990	SIBO	T047	C3160854
27650225	1996	2007	improvement	T077	C2986411
27650225	2011	2015	SIBO	T047	C3160854
27650225	2042	2051	cleansing	T052	C1947930
27650225	2052	2058	effect	T080	C1280500
27650225	2062	2071	increased	T081	C0205217
27650225	2072	2088	intestinal fluid	T042	C0232671
27650225	2093	2098	mucus	T031	C0026727
27650225	2113	2121	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27650225	2122	2141	intestinal motility	T042	C0021838
27650225	2147	2159	lubiprostone	T109,T121	C1684405

27650249|t|Understanding the link between somatosensory temporal discrimination and movement execution in healthy subjects
27650249|a|The somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) is the shortest interval at which an individual recognizes paired stimuli as separate in time. We investigated whether and how voluntary movement modulates STDT in healthy subjects. In 17 healthy participants, we tested STDT during voluntary index-finger abductions at several time-points after movement onset and during motor preparation. We then tested whether voluntary movement - induced STDT changes were specific for the body segment moved, depended on movement kinematics, on the type of movement or on the intensity for delivering paired electrical stimuli for STDT To understand the mechanisms underlying STDT modulation, we also tested STDT during motor imagery and after delivering repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to elicit excitability changes in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1). When tested on the moving hand at movement onset and up to 200 msec thereafter, STDT values increased from baseline, but during motor preparation remained unchanged. STDT values changed significantly during fast and slow index-finger movements and also, though less, during passive index-finger abductions, whereas during tonic index-finger abductions they remained unchanged. STDT also remained unchanged when tested in body parts other than those engaged in movement and during imagined movement. Nor did testing STDT at increased intensity influence movement - induced STDT changes. The cTBS - induced S1 cortical changes left movement -induced STDT changes unaffected. Our findings suggest that movement execution in healthy subjects may alter STDT processing.
27650249	31	68	somatosensory temporal discrimination	T041	C0597436
27650249	73	81	movement	T040	C0026649
27650249	82	91	execution	T052	C1705848
27650249	95	111	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27650249	116	153	somatosensory temporal discrimination	T041	C0597436
27650249	154	163	threshold	T081	C0036677
27650249	165	169	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	208	218	individual	T098	C0237401
27650249	230	244	paired stimuli	T042	C0597163
27650249	298	316	voluntary movement	T033	C1718498
27650249	327	331	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	335	351	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27650249	359	379	healthy participants	T098	C1708335
27650249	384	390	tested	T169	C0039593
27650249	391	395	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	403	412	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27650249	413	425	index-finger	T023	C0230388
27650249	426	436	abductions	T039	C0231456
27650249	466	474	movement	T040	C0026649
27650249	492	509	motor preparation	T042	C0237543
27650249	519	525	tested	T169	C0039593
27650249	534	552	voluntary movement	T033	C1718498
27650249	555	562	induced	T169	C0205263
27650249	563	567	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	568	575	changes	T169	C0392747
27650249	598	616	body segment moved	T040	C0026649
27650249	630	638	movement	T040	C0026649
27650249	639	649	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27650249	666	674	movement	T040	C0026649
27650249	710	735	paired electrical stimuli	T042	C0597163
27650249	740	744	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	763	773	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27650249	785	789	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	810	816	tested	T169	C0039593
27650249	817	821	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	829	834	motor	T029	C0026607
27650249	835	842	imagery	T041	C0175631
27650249	864	908	repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation	T061	C0872259
27650249	912	918	elicit	T080	C0449265
27650249	919	931	excitability	T184	C0235169
27650249	932	939	changes	T169	C0392747
27650249	947	975	primary somatosensory cortex	T023	C3496281
27650249	977	979	S1	T023	C3496281
27650249	987	993	tested	T169	C0039593
27650249	1001	1007	moving	T040	C0560560
27650249	1008	1012	hand	T023	C0018563
27650249	1016	1024	movement	T040	C0026649
27650249	1062	1066	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	1067	1073	values	T080	C0042295
27650249	1074	1083	increased	T081	C0205217
27650249	1089	1097	baseline	T081	C1442488
27650249	1110	1127	motor preparation	T042	C0237543
27650249	1137	1146	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27650249	1148	1152	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	1153	1159	values	T080	C0042295
27650249	1203	1215	index-finger	T023	C0230388
27650249	1216	1225	movements	T040	C0026649
27650249	1264	1276	index-finger	T023	C0230388
27650249	1277	1287	abductions	T039	C0231456
27650249	1304	1309	tonic	UnknownType	C0241448
27650249	1310	1322	index-finger	T023	C0230388
27650249	1323	1333	abductions	T039	C0231456
27650249	1348	1357	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27650249	1359	1363	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	1378	1387	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27650249	1393	1399	tested	T169	C0039593
27650249	1403	1413	body parts	T023	C0229962
27650249	1442	1450	movement	T040	C0026649
27650249	1471	1479	movement	T040	C0026649
27650249	1497	1501	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	1535	1543	movement	T040	C0026649
27650249	1546	1553	induced	T169	C0205263
27650249	1554	1558	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	1559	1566	changes	T052	C1705848
27650249	1572	1576	cTBS	T061	C0436548
27650249	1579	1586	induced	T169	C0205263
27650249	1587	1589	S1	T023	C3496281
27650249	1590	1598	cortical	T023	C0597434
27650249	1599	1606	changes	T052	C1705848
27650249	1612	1620	movement	T040	C0026649
27650249	1630	1634	STDT	T081	C0036677
27650249	1635	1642	changes	T052	C1705848
27650249	1643	1653	unaffected	T077	C2986417
27650249	1659	1667	findings	T033	C0243095
27650249	1681	1689	movement	T040	C0026649
27650249	1690	1699	execution	T052	C1705848
27650249	1703	1719	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27650249	1730	1734	STDT	T081	C0036677

27650462|t|Minimally invasive treatment of difficult bleeding lesions of the small bowel
27650462|a|Bleeding lesions of the small bowel are often difficult to identify due to the obscure symptomatology. Localizing these lesions requires specific techniques. The Double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) could be used to precisely localize and mark lesions, so that a minimally invasive surgical treatment could be performed. Twenty robot - assisted small bowel procedures are presented using a combination of DBE for localization and robotic resection. There were 10 jejunal resections and 10 ileal resections. Mean age was 58.7 years. Mean operative time was 153.4 minutes, mean blood loss of 46 mL. No conversion-to-open and there were 4 post-operative complications. The 90- day mortality was nil and the median length of stay was 4.1 days. Final pathology was consistent with malignancy in 10 cases. The combination of double-balloon enteroscopy and robotic technology allows accurate identification and selective treatment of lesions that could be otherwise difficult to treat in a minimally invasive fashion.
27650462	0	28	Minimally invasive treatment	T061	C0282624
27650462	42	50	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27650462	51	58	lesions	T033	C0221198
27650462	66	77	small bowel	T023	C0021852
27650462	78	86	Bleeding	T046	C0019080
27650462	87	94	lesions	T033	C0221198
27650462	102	113	small bowel	T023	C0021852
27650462	137	145	identify	T080	C0205396
27650462	157	164	obscure	T033	C3844685
27650462	165	179	symptomatology	T184	C1457887
27650462	181	191	Localizing	T082	C0392752
27650462	198	205	lesions	T033	C0221198
27650462	215	223	specific	T080	C0205369
27650462	224	234	techniques	T169	C0449851
27650462	240	266	Double-balloon enteroscopy	T060	C2936452
27650462	268	271	DBE	T060	C2936452
27650462	300	308	localize	T082	C0392752
27650462	318	325	lesions	T033	C0221198
27650462	337	374	minimally invasive surgical treatment	T061	C0282624
27650462	402	407	robot	T073	C0336537
27650462	410	418	assisted	T080	C1269765
27650462	419	441	small bowel procedures	T061	C3865550
27650462	464	475	combination	T080	C0205195
27650462	479	482	DBE	T060	C2936452
27650462	487	499	localization	T082	C0392752
27650462	504	521	robotic resection	T061	C4038855
27650462	537	555	jejunal resections	T061	C3837064
27650462	563	579	ileal resections	T061	C3837066
27650462	586	589	age	T032	C0001779
27650462	599	604	years	T079	C0439234
27650462	611	625	operative time	T079	C3494201
27650462	636	643	minutes	T079	C0439232
27650462	650	660	blood loss	T033	C3163616
27650462	674	692	conversion-to-open	T061	C3494226
27650462	710	724	post-operative	T079	C0032790
27650462	725	738	complications	T046	C0009566
27650462	748	751	day	T079	C0439228
27650462	752	761	mortality	T081	C0205848
27650462	785	799	length of stay	T079	C0023303
27650462	808	812	days	T079	C0439228
27650462	820	829	pathology	T170	C0807321
27650462	834	849	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27650462	850	860	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27650462	867	872	cases	T169	C0868928
27650462	878	889	combination	T080	C0205195
27650462	893	919	double-balloon enteroscopy	T060	C2936452
27650462	924	942	robotic technology	T061	C4038855
27650462	950	958	accurate	T080	C0443131
27650462	959	973	identification	T080	C0205396
27650462	988	997	treatment	T169	C1522326
27650462	1001	1008	lesions	T033	C0221198
27650462	1046	1051	treat	T169	C1522326
27650462	1057	1083	minimally invasive fashion	T061	C0282624

27650514|t|Bystander fatigue and CPR quality by older bystanders: a randomized crossover trial comparing continuous chest compressions and 30:2 compressions to ventilations
27650514|a|This study sought to measure bystander fatigue and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality after five minutes of CPR using the continuous chest compression (CCC) versus the 30:2 chest compression to ventilation method in older lay persons, a population most likely to perform CPR on cardiac arrest victims. This randomized crossover trial took place at three tertiary care hospitals and a seniors' center. Participants were aged ≥55 years without significant physical limitations (frailty score ≤3/7). They completed two 5-minute CPR sessions (using 30:2 and CCC) on manikins; sessions were separated by a rest period. We used concealed block randomization to determine CPR method order. Metronome feedback maintained a compression rate of 100/minute. We measured heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and Borg Exertion Scale. CPR quality measures included total number of compressions and number of adequate compressions (depth ≥5 cm). Sixty-three participants were enrolled: mean age 70.8 years, female 66.7%, past CPR training 60.3%. Bystander fatigue was similar between CPR methods: mean difference in HR -0.59 (95% CI -3.51-2.33), MAP 1.64 (95% CI -0.23-3.50), and Borg 0.46 (95% CI 0.07-0.84). Compared to 30:2, participants using CCC performed more chest compressions (480.0 v. 376.3, mean difference 107.7; p<0.0001) and more adequate chest compressions (381.5 v. 324.9, mean difference. 62.0; p=0.0001), although good compressions/minute declined significantly faster with the CCC method (p=0.0002). CPR quality decreased significantly faster when performing CCC compared to 30:2. However, performing CCC produced more adequate compressions overall with a similar level of fatigue compared to the 30:2 method.
27650514	0	17	Bystander fatigue	T184	C0015672
27650514	22	25	CPR	T061	C0007203
27650514	26	33	quality	T080	C0332306
27650514	37	53	older bystanders	T098	C1257890
27650514	57	83	randomized crossover trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27650514	94	123	continuous chest compressions	T058	C4032596
27650514	133	145	compressions	T058	C4032596
27650514	149	161	ventilations	T033	C0035213
27650514	191	208	bystander fatigue	T184	C0015672
27650514	213	242	cardiopulmonary resuscitation	T061	C0007203
27650514	244	247	CPR	T061	C0007203
27650514	249	256	quality	T080	C0332306
27650514	279	282	CPR	T061	C0007203
27650514	293	321	continuous chest compression	T058	C4032596
27650514	323	326	CCC	T058	C4032596
27650514	344	361	chest compression	T058	C4032596
27650514	365	383	ventilation method	T033	C0035213
27650514	387	404	older lay persons	T033	C3841539
27650514	408	418	population	T098	C1257890
27650514	442	445	CPR	T061	C0007203
27650514	449	463	cardiac arrest	T047	C0018790
27650514	464	471	victims	T098	C0680681
27650514	478	504	randomized crossover trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27650514	525	548	tertiary care hospitals	T073,T093	C0337954
27650514	555	570	seniors' center	T092	C3658240
27650514	572	584	Participants	T098	C0679646
27650514	613	645	significant physical limitations	T033	C3533159
27650514	647	660	frailty score	T033	C4075885
27650514	696	708	CPR sessions	T058	C0204928
27650514	725	728	CCC	T058	C4032596
27650514	733	741	manikins	T073	C0024722
27650514	743	751	sessions	T051	C1883016
27650514	793	802	concealed	T080	C0443189
27650514	803	822	block randomization	T062	C0034656
27650514	836	839	CPR	T061	C0007203
27650514	854	863	Metronome	T073	C0870887
27650514	886	902	compression rate	T081	C1521828
27650514	930	940	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27650514	942	944	HR	T201	C0018810
27650514	947	969	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
27650514	971	974	MAP	T033	C0428886
27650514	981	1000	Borg Exertion Scale	T170	C0449399
27650514	1002	1005	CPR	T061	C0007203
27650514	1006	1013	quality	T080	C0332306
27650514	1038	1060	number of compressions	T058	C4032596
27650514	1075	1096	adequate compressions	T058	C4032596
27650514	1124	1136	participants	T098	C0679646
27650514	1173	1179	female	T032	C0086287
27650514	1192	1204	CPR training	T058	C0204928
27650514	1212	1229	Bystander fatigue	T184	C0015672
27650514	1250	1253	CPR	T061	C0007203
27650514	1263	1278	mean difference	T081	C0444504
27650514	1282	1284	HR	T201	C0018810
27650514	1296	1298	CI	T081	C0009667
27650514	1312	1315	MAP	T033	C0428886
27650514	1326	1328	CI	T081	C0009667
27650514	1346	1355	Borg 0.46	T033	C1301608
27650514	1361	1363	CI	T081	C0009667
27650514	1394	1406	participants	T098	C0679646
27650514	1413	1416	CCC	T058	C4032596
27650514	1432	1450	chest compressions	T058	C4032596
27650514	1468	1483	mean difference	T081	C0444504
27650514	1510	1537	adequate chest compressions	T058	C4032596
27650514	1555	1570	mean difference	T081	C0444504
27650514	1598	1622	good compressions/minute	T058	C4032596
27650514	1662	1672	CCC method	T058	C4032596
27650514	1685	1688	CPR	T061	C0007203
27650514	1689	1696	quality	T080	C0332306
27650514	1697	1706	decreased	T081	C0205216
27650514	1744	1747	CCC	T058	C4032596
27650514	1786	1789	CCC	T058	C4032596
27650514	1804	1825	adequate compressions	T058	C4032596
27650514	1849	1865	level of fatigue	T033	C2586108

27650531|t|Whole-body strength training with Huber Motion Lab and traditional strength training in cardiac rehabilitation: A randomized controlled study
27650531|a|Isometric strengthening has been rarely studied in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), mainly because of possible potential side effects and lack of appropriate and reliable devices. We aimed to compare 2 different modes of resistance training, an isometric mode with the Huber Motion Lab (HML) and traditional strength training (TST), in CHD patients undergoing a cardiac rehabilitation program. We randomly assigned 50 patients to HML or TST. Patients underwent complete blinded evaluation before and after the rehabilitation program, including testing for cardiopulmonary exercise, maximal isometric voluntary contraction, endothelial function and body composition. After 4 weeks of training (16 sessions), the groups did not differ in body composition, anthropometric characteristics, or endothelial function. With HML, peak power output (P=0.035), maximal heart rate (P<0.01) and gain of force measured in the chest press position (P<0.02) were greater after versus before training. Both protocols appeared to be well tolerated, safe and feasible for these CHD patients. A training protocol involving 6s phases of isometric contractions with 10s of passive recovery on an HML device could be safely implemented in rehabilitation programs for patients with CHD and improve functional outcomes.
27650531	0	28	Whole-body strength training	T061	C0872279
27650531	34	50	Huber Motion Lab	T073	C0014672
27650531	55	84	traditional strength training	T061	C0872279
27650531	88	110	cardiac rehabilitation	T061	C0700431
27650531	114	141	randomized controlled study	T062	C0681867
27650531	142	165	Isometric strengthening	T061	C0022206
27650531	193	201	patients	T101	C0030705
27650531	207	229	coronary heart disease	T047	C0010068
27650531	231	234	CHD	T047	C0010068
27650531	264	286	potential side effects	T046	C0879626
27650531	291	295	lack	T080	C0332268
27650531	299	310	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27650531	315	323	reliable	T170	C3858758
27650531	324	331	devices	T073	C0699733
27650531	365	370	modes	T169	C1513371
27650531	374	393	resistance training	T061	C0872279
27650531	408	412	mode	T169	C1513371
27650531	422	438	Huber Motion Lab	T073	C0014672
27650531	440	443	HML	T073	C0014672
27650531	449	478	traditional strength training	T061	C0872279
27650531	480	483	TST	T061	C0872279
27650531	489	492	CHD	T047	C0010068
27650531	493	501	patients	T101	C0030705
27650531	515	537	cardiac rehabilitation	T061	C0700431
27650531	571	579	patients	T101	C0030705
27650531	583	586	HML	T073	C0014672
27650531	590	593	TST	T061	C0872279
27650531	595	603	Patients	T101	C0030705
27650531	623	630	blinded	T062	C0150108
27650531	631	641	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27650531	663	685	rehabilitation program	T061	C0034991
27650531	697	733	testing for cardiopulmonary exercise	T060	C2959886
27650531	735	774	maximal isometric voluntary contraction	T060	C0430022
27650531	776	787	endothelial	T024	C0014257
27650531	788	796	function	T042	C1254358
27650531	801	817	body composition	T032	C0005885
27650531	827	832	weeks	T079	C0439230
27650531	836	844	training	T065	C0220931
27650531	864	870	groups	T078	C0441833
27650531	889	905	body composition	T032	C0005885
27650531	907	921	anthropometric	T062	C0003188
27650531	922	937	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27650531	942	953	endothelial	T024	C0014257
27650531	954	962	function	T042	C1254358
27650531	969	972	HML	T073	C0014672
27650531	974	978	peak	T080	C0444505
27650531	979	991	power output	T070	C0445194
27650531	1003	1010	maximal	T080	C0205289
27650531	1011	1021	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27650531	1035	1039	gain	T081	C1517378
27650531	1043	1048	force	T067	C0441722
27650531	1049	1057	measured	T080	C0444706
27650531	1100	1107	greater	T081	C1704243
27650531	1128	1136	training	T056	C0015259
27650531	1143	1152	protocols	T170	C2348563
27650531	1212	1215	CHD	T047	C0010068
27650531	1216	1224	patients	T101	C0030705
27650531	1228	1245	training protocol	T170	C2348563
27650531	1269	1291	isometric contractions	T042	C0022205
27650531	1304	1311	passive	T080	C3686820
27650531	1312	1320	recovery	T040	C2004454
27650531	1327	1330	HML	T073	C0014672
27650531	1369	1392	rehabilitation programs	T061	C0034991
27650531	1397	1405	patients	T101	C0030705
27650531	1411	1414	CHD	T047	C0010068
27650531	1427	1446	functional outcomes	T080	C0205556

27651148|t|Striatal dopamine modulates timing of self-initiated saccades
27651148|a|The ability to adjust movement timing is essential in daily life. Explorations of the underlying neural mechanisms have reported a gradual increase or decrease in neuronal activity prior to self-timed movements within the cortico - basal ganglia loop. Previous studies in both humans and animals have shown that endogenous dopamine (DA) plays a modulatory role in self-timing. However, the specific site of dopaminergic regulation remains elusive because the systemic application of DA - related substances can directly alter both cortical and subcortical neuronal activities. To investigate the role of striatal DA in self-timing, we locally injected DA receptor agonists or antagonists into the striatum of two female monkeys (Macaca fuscata) while they performed two versions of the memory-guided saccade (MS) task. In the conventional, triggered MS task, animals made a saccade to the location of a previously flashed visual cue in response to the fixation point offset. In the self-timed MS task, monkeys were rewarded for making a self-initiated saccade within a predetermined time interval following the cue. Infusion of a small amount of a D1 or D2 antagonist led to early saccades in the self-timed, but not the triggered MS tasks, while infusion of DA agonists produced no consistent effect. We also found that local administration of nicotinic but not muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonists and antagonists altered the timing of self-initiated saccades. Our data suggest that the timing of self-initiated movements may be regulated by the balance of signals in the direct and indirect basal ganglia pathways, as well as that between both hemispheres of the brain.
27651148	0	8	Striatal	T023	C0010097
27651148	9	17	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
27651148	18	27	modulates	T082	C0443264
27651148	28	34	timing	T079	C0449243
27651148	38	52	self-initiated	T033	C0243095
27651148	53	61	saccades	T042	C0036019
27651148	84	92	movement	T040	C0026649
27651148	93	99	timing	T079	C0449243
27651148	159	165	neural	T025	C0027882
27651148	166	176	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27651148	201	209	increase	T169	C0442805
27651148	213	221	decrease	T081	C0547047
27651148	225	233	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27651148	234	242	activity	T052	C0441655
27651148	252	262	self-timed	T079	C0449243
27651148	263	272	movements	T040	C0026649
27651148	284	291	cortico	T023	C0007776
27651148	294	307	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
27651148	339	345	humans	T016	C0086418
27651148	350	357	animals	T008	C0003062
27651148	374	384	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27651148	385	393	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
27651148	395	397	DA	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
27651148	407	417	modulatory	UnknownType	C0678672
27651148	418	422	role	T077	C1705810
27651148	426	437	self-timing	T079	C0449243
27651148	469	492	dopaminergic regulation	T042	C1819129
27651148	545	547	DA	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
27651148	550	568	related substances	T121	C1254351
27651148	593	601	cortical	T023	C0007776
27651148	606	617	subcortical	T023	C0815008
27651148	618	626	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27651148	627	637	activities	T052	C0441655
27651148	666	674	striatal	T023	C0010097
27651148	675	677	DA	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
27651148	681	692	self-timing	T079	C0449243
27651148	705	713	injected	T169	C1720154
27651148	714	725	DA receptor	T116,T192	C0034798
27651148	726	734	agonists	T121	C0243192
27651148	738	749	antagonists	T120	C0243076
27651148	759	767	striatum	T023	C0010097
27651148	775	781	female	T032	C0086287
27651148	782	789	monkeys	T015	C0026447
27651148	791	805	Macaca fuscata	T015	C1621298
27651148	848	879	memory-guided saccade (MS) task	T060	C0430022
27651148	888	900	conventional	T080	C0439858
27651148	912	919	MS task	T060	C0430022
27651148	921	928	animals	T008	C0003062
27651148	936	943	saccade	T042	C0036019
27651148	984	994	visual cue	T201	C2707266
27651148	1014	1035	fixation point offset	T033	C0243095
27651148	1044	1054	self-timed	T079	C0449243
27651148	1055	1062	MS task	T060	C0430022
27651148	1064	1071	monkeys	T015	C0026447
27651148	1099	1113	self-initiated	T033	C0243095
27651148	1114	1121	saccade	T042	C0036019
27651148	1145	1158	time interval	T079	C0872291
27651148	1173	1176	cue	T078	C0010439
27651148	1178	1186	Infusion	T061	C0574032
27651148	1210	1212	D1	T116,T192	C0058697
27651148	1216	1218	D2	T116,T192	C0058698
27651148	1219	1229	antagonist	T120	C0243076
27651148	1243	1251	saccades	T042	C0036019
27651148	1259	1269	self-timed	T079	C0449243
27651148	1293	1301	MS tasks	T060	C0430022
27651148	1309	1317	infusion	T061	C0574032
27651148	1321	1332	DA agonists	T121	C0178601
27651148	1342	1362	no consistent effect	T080	C1301751
27651148	1383	1403	local administration	UnknownType	C0678811
27651148	1407	1416	nicotinic	T109,T121,T127	C0027996
27651148	1425	1458	muscarinic acetylcholine receptor	T116,T192	C0034826
27651148	1459	1467	agonists	T121	C0243192
27651148	1472	1483	antagonists	T120	C0243076
27651148	1496	1502	timing	T079	C0449243
27651148	1506	1520	self-initiated	T033	C0243095
27651148	1521	1529	saccades	T042	C0036019
27651148	1557	1563	timing	T079	C0449243
27651148	1567	1581	self-initiated	T033	C0243095
27651148	1582	1591	movements	T040	C0026649
27651148	1599	1608	regulated	T038	C1327622
27651148	1616	1623	balance	T040	C0014653
27651148	1627	1634	signals	T067	C1710082
27651148	1642	1648	direct	T080	C1947931
27651148	1653	1661	indirect	T080	C0439852
27651148	1662	1675	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
27651148	1676	1684	pathways	T044	C1704259
27651148	1715	1726	hemispheres	T023	C0228174
27651148	1734	1739	brain	T023	C0006104

27651178|t|HELLP Syndrome
27651178|a|The hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome is frequently observed in mothers whose offspring have long-chain fatty acid oxidation defects. We previously found that fatty acid oxidation is compromised not only in these inborn errors of metabolism but also in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from all pregnancies complicated by the HELLP syndrome. Sirtuins are oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))dependent deacetylases linked to the metabolic status of the cell. SIRT 4 is known to have regulatory functions in fatty acid oxidation. The HELLP syndrome is often associated with short-term hypoxia. We studied sirtuins (SIRT 1, SIRT 3, and SIRT 4) in HUVECs from pregnancies complicated by the HELLP syndrome and uncomplicated pregnancies exposed to hypoxia (n = 7 controls, 7 HELLP; 0, 10, 60, or 120 minutes of 2% O2). Protein levels of SIRT 4 were significantly higher in HUVECs from HELLP compared to control after 60 and 120 minutes of hypoxia. The NAD(+) levels increased in a time - dependent manner.
27651178	0	14	HELLP Syndrome	T047	C0162739
27651178	19	93	hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome	T047	C2903579
27651178	108	116	observed	T169	C1441672
27651178	120	127	mothers	T099	C0026591
27651178	134	143	offspring	T099	C0680063
27651178	149	170	long-chain fatty acid	T109,T123	C0522095
27651178	171	180	oxidation	T044	C0030011
27651178	181	188	defects	T169	C0243067
27651178	215	235	fatty acid oxidation	T044	C1158366
27651178	239	250	compromised	T033	C2945640
27651178	269	296	inborn errors of metabolism	T019,T047	C0025521
27651178	309	347	human umbilical vein endothelial cells	T025	C3179121
27651178	349	355	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27651178	366	389	pregnancies complicated	T047	C0032962
27651178	397	411	HELLP syndrome	T047	C0162739
27651178	413	421	Sirtuins	T116,T126	C1136177
27651178	426	434	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27651178	435	499	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))dependent deacetylases	T044	C2613148
27651178	514	523	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27651178	524	530	status	T080	C0449438
27651178	538	542	cell	T025	C0007634
27651178	544	550	SIRT 4	T116,T126	C2002817
27651178	568	588	regulatory functions	T038	C1327622
27651178	592	612	fatty acid oxidation	T044	C1158366
27651178	618	632	HELLP syndrome	T047	C0162739
27651178	642	657	associated with	T080	C0332281
27651178	658	668	short-term	T079	C0443303
27651178	669	676	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27651178	681	688	studied	T062	C2603343
27651178	689	697	sirtuins	T116,T126	C1136177
27651178	699	705	SIRT 1	T116,T126	C1101544
27651178	707	713	SIRT 3	T116,T126	C1143857
27651178	719	725	SIRT 4	T116,T126	C2002817
27651178	730	736	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27651178	742	765	pregnancies complicated	T047	C0032962
27651178	773	787	HELLP syndrome	T047	C0162739
27651178	792	805	uncomplicated	T080	C0443334
27651178	806	817	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27651178	818	825	exposed	T080	C0332157
27651178	829	836	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27651178	844	852	controls	T096	C0009932
27651178	856	861	HELLP	T047	C0162739
27651178	895	897	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27651178	900	907	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27651178	908	914	levels	T080	C0441889
27651178	918	924	SIRT 4	T116,T126	C2002817
27651178	930	943	significantly	T078	C0750502
27651178	944	950	higher	T080	C0205250
27651178	954	960	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
27651178	966	971	HELLP	T047	C0162739
27651178	972	980	compared	T052	C1707455
27651178	984	991	control	T096	C0009932
27651178	1020	1027	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27651178	1033	1039	NAD(+)	T114,T121,T123	C0027270
27651178	1040	1046	levels	T080	C0441889
27651178	1047	1056	increased	T081	C0205217
27651178	1062	1066	time	T079	C0040223
27651178	1069	1078	dependent	T169	C3244310

27651569|t|Examining Cesarean Delivery Rates Using the Robson's Ten-group Classification
27651569|a|To examine Cesarean delivery rates based on the Robson's Ten-group classification system (TGCS), over a 10- year period. All Vaginal Deliveries and cesarean sections (CSs) performed over a 10- year period from 2004 to 2013 were included in the analysis. The data were compiled according to Robson's TGCS of cesarean section for every year. Risk Ratios (crude RRs) with 95 % confidence intervals for delivery by cesarean section were calculated for each Robson's group. The TGCS was easily applied in this large dataset of 40,086 deliveries. The 10- year overall cesarean section rate (CSR) was 25.17 %. Groups 1 and 3 represented 60 % of the total obstetric population. The largest contributions to the total CSR are group 1 (37.62 %) and group 5 (17.06 %). Group 3 which was the second largest group contributed 15 % to the overall CSR. Group 2 and group 4 had high group CSRs of 47.28 and 34.74 % respectively, although the total group size was small (n = 1375;3.43 %). Maternal age and presentation were found to have an independent association with mode of delivery on logistic regression. The Ten-group classification helped to identify the main groups of subjects who contribute most to the overall CSR. It also helped to identify subgroups requiring closer monitoring for more in-depth analyses of the indications for caesarean section. It is important to focus on the first four TGCS groups which constitute about 75 % of all deliveries. It is in the low-risk groups that one is likely to find the highest and most inappropriate indications for cesarean sections.
27651569	0	9	Examining	T169	C1292732
27651569	10	27	Cesarean Delivery	T061	C0007876
27651569	28	33	Rates	T081	C1521828
27651569	44	77	Robson's Ten-group Classification	T170	C0282574
27651569	81	88	examine	T169	C1292732
27651569	89	106	Cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
27651569	107	112	rates	T081	C1521828
27651569	126	166	Robson's Ten-group classification system	T170	C0282574
27651569	168	172	TGCS	T170	C0282574
27651569	186	190	year	T079	C0439234
27651569	191	197	period	T079	C1948053
27651569	203	221	Vaginal Deliveries	T033	C0566690
27651569	226	243	cesarean sections	T061	C0007876
27651569	245	248	CSs	T061	C0007876
27651569	271	275	year	T079	C0439234
27651569	276	282	period	T079	C1948053
27651569	322	330	analysis	T062	C0936012
27651569	336	340	data	T078	C1511726
27651569	368	381	Robson's TGCS	T170	C0282574
27651569	385	401	cesarean section	T061	C0007876
27651569	412	416	year	T079	C0439234
27651569	418	429	Risk Ratios	T081	C0242492
27651569	431	440	crude RRs	T081	C0242492
27651569	452	472	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27651569	477	485	delivery	T040	C0005615
27651569	489	505	cesarean section	T061	C0007876
27651569	531	545	Robson's group	T078	C0441833
27651569	551	555	TGCS	T170	C0282574
27651569	589	596	dataset	T170	C0150098
27651569	607	617	deliveries	T040	C0005615
27651569	627	631	year	T079	C0439234
27651569	640	656	cesarean section	T061	C0007876
27651569	657	661	rate	T081	C1521828
27651569	663	666	CSR	T081	C1521828
27651569	681	689	Groups 1	T078	C0441833
27651569	694	695	3	T078	C0441833
27651569	726	735	obstetric	T169	C0205484
27651569	736	746	population	T098	C1257890
27651569	760	773	contributions	T052	C1880177
27651569	787	790	CSR	T081	C1521828
27651569	795	802	group 1	T078	C0441833
27651569	817	824	group 5	T078	C0441833
27651569	836	843	Group 3	T078	C0441833
27651569	873	878	group	T078	C0441833
27651569	879	890	contributed	T052	C1880177
27651569	911	914	CSR	T081	C1521828
27651569	916	923	Group 2	T078	C0441833
27651569	928	935	group 4	T078	C0441833
27651569	945	950	group	T078	C0441833
27651569	951	955	CSRs	T081	C1521828
27651569	1010	1020	group size	T102	C0237884
27651569	1050	1062	Maternal age	T079	C0024915
27651569	1067	1079	presentation	T046	C1404746
27651569	1102	1113	independent	T078	C0085862
27651569	1114	1125	association	T080	C0439849
27651569	1139	1147	delivery	T040	C0005615
27651569	1151	1170	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27651569	1176	1200	Ten-group classification	T170	C0282574
27651569	1229	1235	groups	T078	C0441833
27651569	1283	1286	CSR	T081	C1521828
27651569	1315	1324	subgroups	T078	C0441833
27651569	1342	1352	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27651569	1371	1379	analyses	T062	C0936012
27651569	1387	1398	indications	T078	C3146298
27651569	1403	1420	caesarean section	T061	C0007876
27651569	1465	1469	TGCS	T170	C0282574
27651569	1470	1476	groups	T078	C0441833
27651569	1512	1522	deliveries	T040	C0005615
27651569	1537	1545	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27651569	1546	1552	groups	T078	C0441833
27651569	1615	1626	indications	T078	C3146298
27651569	1631	1648	cesarean sections	T061	C0007876

27651955|t|Kinematic and EMG Responses to Pelvis and Leg Assistance Force during Treadmill Walking in Children with Cerebral Palsy
27651955|a|Treadmill training has been used for improving locomotor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP), but the functional gains are relatively small, suggesting a need to improve current paradigms. The understanding of the kinematic and EMG responses to force s applied to the body of subjects during treadmill walking is crucial for improving current paradigms. The objective of this study was to determine the kinematic s and EMG responses to the pelvis and/or leg assistance force. Ten children with spastic CP were recruited to participate in this study. A controlled assistance force was applied to the pelvis and/or legs during stance and swing phase of gait through a custom designed robotic system during walking. Muscle activities and spatial - temporal gait parameters were measured at different loading conditions during walking. In addition, the spatial-temporal gait parameters during overground walking before and after treadmill training were also collected. Applying pelvis assistance improved step height and applying leg assistance improved step length during walking, but applying leg assistance also reduced muscle activation of ankle flexor during the swing phase of gait. In addition, step length and self-selected walking speed significantly improved after one session of treadmill training with combined pelvis and leg assistance.
27651955	0	9	Kinematic	T091	C0600169
27651955	14	17	EMG	T060	C0013839
27651955	18	27	Responses	T032	C0871261
27651955	31	37	Pelvis	T023	C0030797
27651955	42	45	Leg	T023	C1140621
27651955	46	56	Assistance	T077	C1521721
27651955	57	62	Force	T070	C0336996
27651955	70	87	Treadmill Walking	T056	C2712999
27651955	91	99	Children	T100	C0008059
27651955	105	119	Cerebral Palsy	T047	C0007789
27651955	120	138	Treadmill training	T061	C2107089
27651955	167	185	locomotor function	T040	C0023946
27651955	189	197	children	T100	C0008059
27651955	203	217	cerebral palsy	T047	C0007789
27651955	219	221	CP	T047	C0007789
27651955	308	317	paradigms	T062	C0681797
27651955	344	353	kinematic	T091	C0600169
27651955	358	361	EMG	T060	C0013839
27651955	362	371	responses	T032	C0871261
27651955	375	380	force	T070	C0336996
27651955	398	402	body	T017	C1268086
27651955	422	439	treadmill walking	T056	C2712999
27651955	473	482	paradigms	T062	C0681797
27651955	488	497	objective	T170	C0018017
27651955	506	511	study	T062	C2603343
27651955	533	542	kinematic	T091	C0600169
27651955	549	552	EMG	T060	C0013839
27651955	553	562	responses	T032	C0871261
27651955	570	576	pelvis	T023	C0030797
27651955	584	587	leg	T023	C1140621
27651955	588	598	assistance	T077	C1521721
27651955	599	604	force	T070	C0336996
27651955	610	618	children	T100	C0008059
27651955	624	634	spastic CP	T019,T047	C0338596
27651955	653	664	participate	T058	C0030699
27651955	673	678	study	T062	C2603343
27651955	693	703	assistance	T077	C1521721
27651955	704	709	force	T070	C0336996
27651955	729	735	pelvis	T023	C0030797
27651955	743	747	legs	T023	C1140621
27651955	755	761	stance	T033	C2019827
27651955	766	785	swing phase of gait	T033	C2039052
27651955	812	826	robotic system	T170	C1738367
27651955	834	841	walking	T056	C0080331
27651955	843	849	Muscle	T024	C0026845
27651955	850	860	activities	T052	C0441655
27651955	865	872	spatial	T082	C1254362
27651955	875	883	temporal	T079	C2362314
27651955	884	899	gait parameters	T033	C0016928
27651955	927	945	loading conditions	T032	C4279935
27651955	953	960	walking	T056	C0080331
27651955	979	1011	spatial-temporal gait parameters	T033	C0016928
27651955	1030	1037	walking	T056	C0080331
27651955	1055	1073	treadmill training	T061	C2107089
27651955	1104	1110	pelvis	T023	C0030797
27651955	1111	1121	assistance	T077	C1521721
27651955	1122	1130	improved	T033	C0184511
27651955	1131	1142	step height	T033	C0427127
27651955	1156	1159	leg	T023	C1140621
27651955	1160	1170	assistance	T077	C1521721
27651955	1171	1179	improved	T033	C0184511
27651955	1180	1191	step length	T033	C0427126
27651955	1199	1206	walking	T056	C0080331
27651955	1221	1224	leg	T023	C1140621
27651955	1225	1235	assistance	T077	C1521721
27651955	1241	1248	reduced	T080	C0392756
27651955	1249	1255	muscle	T024	C0026845
27651955	1256	1266	activation	T052	C1879547
27651955	1270	1282	ankle flexor	T023	C0581542
27651955	1294	1313	swing phase of gait	T033	C2039052
27651955	1328	1339	step length	T033	C0427126
27651955	1358	1371	walking speed	T032	C2009910
27651955	1386	1394	improved	T033	C0184511
27651955	1405	1412	session	T051	C1883016
27651955	1416	1434	treadmill training	T061	C2107089
27651955	1449	1455	pelvis	T023	C0030797
27651955	1460	1463	leg	T023	C1140621
27651955	1464	1474	assistance	T077	C1521721

27651975|t|Outlining a Population "at Risk" of Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from a Case-Control Study
27651975|a|The multifactorial pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (PD) requires a careful identification of populations "at risk" of developing the disease. In this case-control study we analyzed a large Italian population, in an attempt to outline general criteria to define a population "at risk" of PD. We enrolled 300 PD patients and 300 controls, gender and age matched, from the same urban geographical area. All subjects were interviewed on demographics, family history of PD, occupational and environmental toxicants exposure, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. A sample of 65 patients and 65 controls also underwent serum dosing of iron, copper, mercury, and manganese by means of Inductively Coupled-Plasma-Mass-Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Positive family history, toxicants exposure, non-current-smoker, and alcohol nonconsumer status occurred as significant risk factors in our population. The number of concurring risk factors overlapping in the same subject impressively increased the overall risk. No significant differences were measured in the metal serum levels. Our findings indicate that combination of three to four concurrent PD - risk factors defines a condition " at risk " of PD. A simple stratification, based on these questionnaires, might be of help in identifying subjects suitable for neuroprotective strategies.
27651975	12	32	Population "at Risk"	T098	C0242444
27651975	36	55	Parkinson's Disease	T047	C0030567
27651975	57	65	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27651975	73	91	Case-Control Study	T062	C0007328
27651975	96	123	multifactorial pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27651975	127	146	Parkinson's Disease	T047	C0030567
27651975	148	150	PD	T047	C0030567
27651975	189	210	populations "at risk"	T098	C0242444
27651975	229	236	disease	T047	C0030567
27651975	246	264	case-control study	T062	C0007328
27651975	268	276	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27651975	285	292	Italian	T083	C0022277
27651975	293	303	population	T098	C1257890
27651975	330	346	general criteria	T078	C0243161
27651975	359	379	population "at risk"	T098	C0242444
27651975	383	385	PD	T047	C0030567
27651975	403	405	PD	T047	C0030567
27651975	406	414	patients	T101	C0030705
27651975	423	431	controls	T096	C0009932
27651975	433	439	gender	T032	C0079399
27651975	444	447	age	T032	C0001779
27651975	448	455	matched	T096	C0024908
27651975	471	476	urban	T080	C2700386
27651975	477	494	geographical area	UnknownType	C0681784
27651975	500	508	subjects	T098	C0080105
27651975	514	525	interviewed	T052	C0021822
27651975	529	541	demographics	T090	C0011298
27651975	543	557	family history	T033	C0241889
27651975	561	563	PD	T047	C0030567
27651975	565	614	occupational and environmental toxicants exposure	T033	C0149685
27651975	616	630	smoking status	T201	C1519386
27651975	636	655	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
27651975	672	680	patients	T101	C0030705
27651975	688	696	controls	T096	C0009932
27651975	712	717	serum	T031	C1550100
27651975	718	724	dosing	T081	C0178602
27651975	728	732	iron	T059	C0337439
27651975	734	740	copper	T059	C0373587
27651975	742	749	mercury	T059	C0428257
27651975	755	764	manganese	T059	C0373677
27651975	777	821	Inductively Coupled-Plasma-Mass-Spectrometry	T059	C1553183
27651975	823	829	ICP-MS	T059	C1553183
27651975	832	840	Positive	T033	C1446409
27651975	841	855	family history	T033	C0241889
27651975	857	875	toxicants exposure	T033	C0040537
27651975	877	895	non-current-smoker	T033	C3496610
27651975	901	927	alcohol nonconsumer status	T033	C0425322
27651975	952	964	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27651975	972	982	population	T098	C1257890
27651975	998	1021	concurring risk factors	T033	C0035648
27651975	1022	1033	overlapping	T079	C1948020
27651975	1041	1053	same subject	T098	C0080105
27651975	1067	1076	increased	T081	C0205217
27651975	1081	1093	overall risk	T080	C1444641
27651975	1095	1121	No significant differences	T033	C3842396
27651975	1127	1135	measured	T080	C0444706
27651975	1143	1148	metal	T197	C0025552
27651975	1149	1154	serum	T031	C1550100
27651975	1155	1161	levels	T080	C0441889
27651975	1167	1175	findings	T033	C0243095
27651975	1219	1229	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27651975	1230	1232	PD	T047	C0030567
27651975	1235	1247	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27651975	1270	1277	at risk	T080	C1444641
27651975	1283	1285	PD	T047	C0030567
27651975	1296	1310	stratification	T062	C1514983
27651975	1327	1341	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27651975	1363	1383	identifying subjects	T062	C0949543
27651975	1397	1423	neuroprotective strategies	T041	C0679199

27652573|t|Engineering anisotropic biphasic Janus-type polymer nanofiber scaffold networks via centrifugal jet spinning
27652573|a|Biphasic materials, comprised of an ordered arrangement of two different material phases within a material, have the potential for a wide variety of applications including filtration, protective clothing and tissue engineering. This study reports for the first time, a process for engineering biphasic Janus-type polymeric nanofiber (BJPNF) networks via the centrifugal jet spinning technique. BJPNF alignment and fiber diameter was dependent on fabrication rotational speed as well as solution composition. The biphasic character of these BJPNFs, which was controlled via the rotational speed of fabrication, was confirmed at the individual nanofiber scale using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and at the bulk, macro-scale using attenuated total reflectance - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biphasic character was also demonstrated at the functional level via differing affinities on either side of the BJPNF for cell attachment. Our work thus presents a method for fabricating BJPNF scaffold networks where there might be a need for different properties on either side of a material. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2016.
27652573	0	11	Engineering	T090	C0014279
27652573	12	23	anisotropic	T070	C0085406
27652573	24	70	biphasic Janus-type polymer nanofiber scaffold	T104,T122	C0032521
27652573	71	79	networks	T169	C1882071
27652573	84	108	centrifugal jet spinning	T170	C0025663
27652573	109	117	Biphasic	T079	C0205184
27652573	118	127	materials	T167	C0520510
27652573	145	164	ordered arrangement	T080	C1705176
27652573	182	190	material	T167	C0520510
27652573	191	197	phases	T079	C0205390
27652573	207	215	material	T167	C0520510
27652573	281	291	filtration	T068	C0016107
27652573	293	312	protective clothing	T073	C0033611
27652573	317	335	tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
27652573	378	385	process	T067	C1522240
27652573	390	401	engineering	T090	C0014279
27652573	402	441	biphasic Janus-type polymeric nanofiber	T104,T122	C0032521
27652573	443	448	BJPNF	T104,T122	C0032521
27652573	450	458	networks	T169	C1882071
27652573	467	501	centrifugal jet spinning technique	T170	C0025663
27652573	503	508	BJPNF	T104,T122	C0032521
27652573	509	518	alignment	T081	C1706765
27652573	523	528	fiber	T109,T121	C0225326
27652573	529	537	diameter	T081	C1301886
27652573	555	566	fabrication	T067	C1254366
27652573	567	577	rotational	T169	C0035868
27652573	578	583	speed	T081	C0678536
27652573	595	603	solution	T167	C0037633
27652573	621	629	biphasic	T079	C0205184
27652573	649	655	BJPNFs	T104,T122	C0032521
27652573	686	696	rotational	T169	C0035868
27652573	697	702	speed	T081	C0678536
27652573	706	717	fabrication	T067	C1254366
27652573	751	760	nanofiber	T073	C1881960
27652573	773	809	energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy	T059	C2699997
27652573	828	839	macro-scale	T170	C0349674
27652573	846	856	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27652573	863	874	reflectance	T059	C0022885
27652573	877	916	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
27652573	918	926	Biphasic	T079	C0205184
27652573	966	982	functional level	T080	C0935587
27652573	1030	1035	BJPNF	T104,T122	C0032521
27652573	1040	1055	cell attachment	T026	C0887869
27652573	1082	1088	method	T170	C0025663
27652573	1093	1104	fabricating	T067	C1254366
27652573	1105	1110	BJPNF	T104,T122	C0032521
27652573	1120	1128	networks	T169	C1882071
27652573	1202	1210	material	T167	C0520510

27652718|t|Randomized Trial of Long-Acting Insulin Glargine Titration Web Tool (LTHome) Versus Enhanced Usual Therapy of Glargine Titration (INNOVATE Trial)
27652718|a|Basal insulin titration in the real world is often unsuccessful. LTHome, a web tool, applies a rules engine-based algorithm providing insulin titration advice directly to the patient. This pilot, randomized trial evaluates basal insulin glargine titration by LTHome compared to enhanced usual therapy ([EUT]- diabetes education program) over 12 weeks. Important inclusion criteria: 18-75 years, type 2 diabetes, computer literacy, and HbA1c >7.0%. Trial protocol was approved by ethics board. We randomized 139 subjects. The achievement of primary composite outcome (four out of seven fasting plasma glucose [FPG] within 5-7.2 mmol/L + mean for three consecutive FPG within 5-7.2 mmol/L + no severe hypoglycemia) was 15% in LTHome versus 41% in EUT (noninferiority not met, P-value = 0.92). Other outcomes were similar between the LTHome and EUT arms: alternate composite outcome achievement (last five FPG mean within the range of 5-7.2 mmol/L + no hypoglycemia, 47% and 51%, P = 0.73); A1c reduction (-1.0% and -1.1%, P = 0.66); proportion achieving A1c ≤7% (14% and 20%, P = 0.36); and hypoglycemia incidence (31% and 37%, P = 0.4), respectively. Patient satisfaction score improvements were greater in LTHome versus EUT (change in fear of hypoglycemia score P = 0.04 and change in diabetes distress score P = 0.04). The mean number of additional healthcare provider visits was 0.13 for LTHome and 1.22 for EUT (P < 0.01). INNOVATE trial suggests clinical utility of LTHome compared to EUT in real-life settings. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of automated insulin titration algorithms.
27652718	0	16	Randomized Trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27652718	20	39	Long-Acting Insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0304870
27652718	40	48	Glargine	T116,T121,T125	C0907402
27652718	49	58	Titration	T059	C0162621
27652718	59	67	Web Tool	T170	C0037589
27652718	69	75	LTHome	T170	C0037589
27652718	84	92	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
27652718	93	98	Usual	T080	C3538928
27652718	99	106	Therapy	T061	C0087111
27652718	110	118	Glargine	T116,T121,T125	C0907402
27652718	119	128	Titration	T059	C0162621
27652718	130	144	INNOVATE Trial	T062	C0008976
27652718	146	159	Basal insulin	T116,T121	C0650607
27652718	160	169	titration	T059	C0162621
27652718	197	209	unsuccessful	T080	C1272705
27652718	211	217	LTHome	T170	C0037589
27652718	221	229	web tool	T170	C0037589
27652718	231	238	applies	T169	C4048755
27652718	241	246	rules	T170	C0870077
27652718	247	269	engine-based algorithm	T170	C0002045
27652718	280	287	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27652718	288	297	titration	T059	C0162621
27652718	321	328	patient	T101	C0030705
27652718	342	358	randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27652718	359	368	evaluates	T058	C0220825
27652718	369	382	basal insulin	T116,T121	C0650607
27652718	383	391	glargine	T116,T121,T125	C0907402
27652718	392	401	titration	T059	C0162621
27652718	405	411	LTHome	T170	C0037589
27652718	424	432	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27652718	433	438	usual	T080	C3538928
27652718	439	446	therapy	T061	C0087111
27652718	449	452	EUT	T061	C0087111
27652718	455	481	diabetes education program	T058	C1532353
27652718	491	496	weeks	T079	C0439230
27652718	508	517	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27652718	518	526	criteria	T078	C0243161
27652718	541	556	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27652718	558	575	computer literacy	T041	C0009603
27652718	581	586	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27652718	594	599	Trial	T062	C0008976
27652718	600	608	protocol	T170	C1507394
27652718	642	652	randomized	T062	C0034656
27652718	657	665	subjects	T098	C0080105
27652718	671	682	achievement	T053	C0001072
27652718	686	693	primary	T080	C0205225
27652718	694	703	composite	T080	C0205199
27652718	704	711	outcome	T080	C0085415
27652718	731	759	fasting plasma glucose [FPG]	T034	C1318375
27652718	782	786	mean	T081	C0444504
27652718	797	808	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27652718	809	812	FPG	T034	C1318375
27652718	835	837	no	T033	C1513916
27652718	838	844	severe	T080	C0205082
27652718	845	857	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27652718	870	876	LTHome	T170	C0037589
27652718	891	894	EUT	T061	C0087111
27652718	920	927	P-value	T081	C1709380
27652718	943	951	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27652718	977	983	LTHome	T170	C0037589
27652718	988	991	EUT	T061	C0087111
27652718	1008	1017	composite	T080	C0205199
27652718	1018	1025	outcome	T080	C0085415
27652718	1026	1037	achievement	T053	C0001072
27652718	1049	1052	FPG	T034	C1318375
27652718	1053	1057	mean	T081	C0444504
27652718	1093	1095	no	T033	C1513916
27652718	1096	1108	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27652718	1123	1124	P	T081	C1709380
27652718	1134	1137	A1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27652718	1138	1147	reduction	T080	C0392756
27652718	1166	1167	P	T081	C1709380
27652718	1177	1187	proportion	T081	C1709707
27652718	1198	1201	A1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27652718	1220	1221	P	T081	C1709380
27652718	1235	1247	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27652718	1248	1257	incidence	T081	C0021149
27652718	1272	1273	P	T081	C1709380
27652718	1296	1303	Patient	T101	C0030705
27652718	1317	1322	score	T081	C0449820
27652718	1341	1348	greater	T081	C1704243
27652718	1352	1358	LTHome	T170	C0037589
27652718	1366	1369	EUT	T061	C0087111
27652718	1371	1377	change	T169	C0392747
27652718	1381	1385	fear	T041	C0015726
27652718	1389	1401	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27652718	1402	1407	score	T081	C0449820
27652718	1408	1409	P	T081	C1709380
27652718	1421	1427	change	T169	C0392747
27652718	1431	1439	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27652718	1440	1448	distress	T033	C0231303
27652718	1449	1454	score	T081	C0449820
27652718	1455	1456	P	T081	C1709380
27652718	1470	1474	mean	T081	C0444504
27652718	1496	1506	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27652718	1507	1515	provider	T169	C1138603
27652718	1516	1522	visits	T058	C1512346
27652718	1536	1542	LTHome	T170	C0037589
27652718	1556	1559	EUT	T061	C0087111
27652718	1561	1562	P	T081	C1709380
27652718	1572	1586	INNOVATE trial	T062	C0008976
27652718	1596	1604	clinical	T080	C0205210
27652718	1605	1612	utility	T169	C0457083
27652718	1616	1622	LTHome	T170	C0037589
27652718	1635	1638	EUT	T061	C0087111
27652718	1642	1660	real-life settings	T080	C0205556
27652718	1670	1678	research	T062	C0035168
27652718	1692	1700	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27652718	1705	1713	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27652718	1718	1724	safety	T068	C0036043
27652718	1728	1737	automated	T169	C0205554
27652718	1738	1745	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27652718	1746	1755	titration	T059	C0162621
27652718	1756	1766	algorithms	T170	C0002045

27652926|t|Work process, performance and professional profile of a Hearing Health Network: reference for satisfaction
27652926|a|To analyze the correlation between the satisfaction of professionals from the Hearing Health Care network in two micro - regions of Minas Gerais state and the sociodemographic profile, work process, and work performance in the health service. This is a cross-sectional, observational, analytic study with a non-probabilistic sample including 34 professionals from the Hearing Health Care services. Data collection occurred through individual interviews in the municipality of professional practice. Associations between the Professional Satisfaction variable and the explanatory variables Sociodemographic Data, Work Routine, and Developed Actions were conducted. Professionals with graduate studies were more satisfied with the human resources policy and the activities developed, whereas health civil servants showed more satisfaction with the wage policy and the work schedule. The correlation analysis between work process and satisfaction revealed a moderate positive correlation between items such as Health Promotion Actions, Satisfaction with Diagnostic Equipment, and Satisfaction with Maintenance Equipment. The present study revealed a higher level of satisfaction among professionals with graduate studies (human resources policy and activities developed) and civil servants (wage policy and work schedule). The relevance of this study lies on the important role that health professionals play on the Health Care Network. Additionally, the study of satisfaction level can provide a search for improvements, considering that satisfied professionals not only improve service quality, but also show greater creativity, commitment, and performance.
27652926	0	4	Work	T057	C0043227
27652926	5	12	process	T067	C1522240
27652926	14	25	performance	T033	C1286385
27652926	30	50	professional profile	T097	C0679924
27652926	56	78	Hearing Health Network	T058	C0018747
27652926	80	89	reference	T170	C1561577
27652926	94	106	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27652926	110	117	analyze	T062	C0936012
27652926	122	133	correlation	T080	C1707520
27652926	146	158	satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27652926	162	175	professionals	T097	C0679924
27652926	185	212	Hearing Health Care network	T058	C0018747
27652926	220	225	micro	T077	C3811161
27652926	228	235	regions	T082	C0205147
27652926	239	257	Minas Gerais state	UnknownType	C0681784
27652926	266	290	sociodemographic profile	T169	C2003903
27652926	292	296	work	T057	C0043227
27652926	297	304	process	T067	C1522240
27652926	310	326	work performance	T033	C1286385
27652926	334	348	health service	T058	C0018747
27652926	360	375	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
27652926	377	390	observational	T062	C1518527
27652926	392	406	analytic study	T081	C0009247
27652926	414	438	non-probabilistic sample	T062	C4288587
27652926	452	465	professionals	T097	C0679924
27652926	475	503	Hearing Health Care services	T058	C0018747
27652926	505	520	Data collection	T062	C0010995
27652926	538	548	individual	T098	C0237401
27652926	549	559	interviews	T052	C0021822
27652926	567	579	municipality	T083	C0600182
27652926	583	604	professional practice	T057	C0033284
27652926	606	618	Associations	T080	C0439849
27652926	631	656	Professional Satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27652926	657	665	variable	T080	C0439828
27652926	674	685	explanatory	T170	C0681841
27652926	686	695	variables	T080	C0439828
27652926	696	717	Sociodemographic Data	T078	C1511726
27652926	719	731	Work Routine	T080	C0205547
27652926	737	746	Developed	T169	C0332253
27652926	747	754	Actions	T052	C3266814
27652926	771	784	Professionals	T097	C0679924
27652926	790	806	graduate studies	T065	C0013630
27652926	817	826	satisfied	T170	C4084799
27652926	836	858	human resources policy	T170	C0162791
27652926	867	877	activities	T052	C0441655
27652926	878	887	developed	T169	C0332253
27652926	897	903	health	T058	C0086388
27652926	904	918	civil servants	T097	C0401892
27652926	931	943	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27652926	953	957	wage	T081	C0036064
27652926	958	964	policy	T170	C0242456
27652926	973	986	work schedule	T079	C0237852
27652926	992	1012	correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
27652926	1021	1025	work	T057	C0043227
27652926	1026	1033	process	T067	C1522240
27652926	1038	1050	satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27652926	1051	1059	revealed	T080	C0443289
27652926	1062	1070	moderate	T081	C1510992
27652926	1071	1079	positive	T033	C1514241
27652926	1080	1091	correlation	T080	C1707520
27652926	1114	1130	Health Promotion	T058	C0018738
27652926	1131	1138	Actions	T052	C3266814
27652926	1140	1152	Satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27652926	1158	1178	Diagnostic Equipment	T074	C0524922
27652926	1184	1196	Satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27652926	1202	1223	Maintenance Equipment	T033	C4035913
27652926	1237	1242	study	T062	C2603343
27652926	1254	1260	higher	T080	C0205250
27652926	1261	1266	level	T080	C0441889
27652926	1270	1282	satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27652926	1289	1302	professionals	T090	C2698884
27652926	1308	1324	graduate studies	T065	C0013630
27652926	1326	1348	human resources policy	T170	C0162791
27652926	1353	1363	activities	T052	C0441655
27652926	1364	1373	developed	T169	C0332253
27652926	1379	1393	civil servants	T097	C0401892
27652926	1395	1399	wage	T081	C0036064
27652926	1400	1406	policy	T170	C0242456
27652926	1411	1424	work schedule	T079	C0237852
27652926	1431	1440	relevance	T080	C2347946
27652926	1449	1454	study	T062	C2603343
27652926	1487	1507	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27652926	1520	1539	Health Care Network	T058	C0018747
27652926	1559	1564	study	T062	C2603343
27652926	1568	1580	satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27652926	1581	1586	level	T080	C0441889
27652926	1612	1624	improvements	T077	C2986411
27652926	1643	1652	satisfied	T170	C4084799
27652926	1653	1666	professionals	T090	C2698884
27652926	1676	1683	improve	T033	C0184511
27652926	1684	1699	service quality	T080	C0871201
27652926	1710	1733	show greater creativity	T033	C0517173
27652926	1735	1745	commitment	T041	C0870312
27652926	1751	1762	performance	T033	C1286385

27653010|t|Application of Laparoscopic Lumbar Discectomy and Artificial Disc Replacement: At Least Two Years of Follow-Up
27653010|a|This prospective observational study included 22 patients who were diagnosed with symptomatic degenerative disc disease treated via artificial disc replacement (ADR) with a laparoscopic technique. The current study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of ADR using a laparoscopic technique for lumbar disc herniation. Symptomatic degenerative disc disease is the major cause of low back pain with lumbar segmental instability. ADR has increased in popularity as an alternative treatment for lumbar disc herniation. However, the traditional approach to spinal surgery carries the risk of catastrophic bleeding from injury to major vessels, as well as iatrogenic injury to the viscera and associated structures. Therefore, laparoscopic lumbar discectomy and ADR may represent a useful alternative. Twenty-two patients (8 males and 14 females) who were diagnosed with symptomatic degenerative disc disease were included in this study. Seven cases involved the L4/5 level, and 15 cases involved the L5/S1 level. All patients were ineffective after at least 6 months of conservative treatments; all patients were informed of the surgery before the operation and provided consent. Three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (3D - CTA) of the iliac great blood vessels was completed before the surgery. All surgical procedures were performed under a laparoscope. All patients were followed up. All surgeries were successfully completed. The average operation time was 120 minutes (range 110-150 min), and the average hemorrhage was 145 mL (range 80-360 mL). All cases underwent X-rays at 3 days, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and the final postoperative follow-up. The outcome indicated that there was no mobilization, displacement, or subsidence in all patients with the exception of one case with prosthesis migration. The follow-up time was 43.8 months (range 24-64 months). The mean visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry scores were decreased postoperatively. The mean improvement rate of the VAS score was 73.5%. Lumbar ADR using a laparoscope represents a novel, minimally invasive treatment for symptomatic degenerative disc disease and severe lumbar discogenic pain.
27653010	0	11	Application	T058	C0185125
27653010	15	27	Laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
27653010	28	45	Lumbar Discectomy	T061	C0408632
27653010	50	77	Artificial Disc Replacement	T061	C2144940
27653010	101	110	Follow-Up	T058	C1522577
27653010	116	127	prospective	T062	C0033522
27653010	128	147	observational study	T062	C1518527
27653010	160	168	patients	T101	C0030705
27653010	178	187	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27653010	193	204	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27653010	205	230	degenerative disc disease	T047	C0158266
27653010	243	270	artificial disc replacement	T061	C2144940
27653010	272	275	ADR	T061	C2144940
27653010	284	296	laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
27653010	297	306	technique	T169	C0449851
27653010	320	325	study	T062	C2603343
27653010	326	331	aimed	T078	C1947946
27653010	335	341	assess	T052	C1516048
27653010	346	352	safety	T068	C0036043
27653010	357	365	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27653010	369	372	ADR	T061	C2144940
27653010	381	393	laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
27653010	394	403	technique	T169	C0449851
27653010	408	430	lumbar disc herniation	T020	C0281899
27653010	432	443	Symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27653010	444	469	degenerative disc disease	T047	C0158266
27653010	492	505	low back pain	T184	C0024031
27653010	511	517	lumbar	T029	C0024090
27653010	518	527	segmental	T082	C0205122
27653010	528	539	instability	T033	C1444783
27653010	541	544	ADR	T061	C2144940
27653010	549	558	increased	T081	C0205217
27653010	562	572	popularity	T054	C0679970
27653010	579	600	alternative treatment	UnknownType	C0683466
27653010	605	627	lumbar disc herniation	T020	C0281899
27653010	642	653	traditional	T169	C0443324
27653010	654	662	approach	T082	C0449445
27653010	666	680	spinal surgery	T061	C0920347
27653010	693	697	risk	T078	C0035647
27653010	701	713	catastrophic	T047	C0007397
27653010	714	722	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27653010	728	734	injury	T037	C3263723
27653010	744	751	vessels	T023	C0005847
27653010	764	774	iatrogenic	T080	C0439669
27653010	775	781	injury	T037	C3263723
27653010	789	796	viscera	T023	C0042779
27653010	801	822	associated structures	T023	C1285145
27653010	835	847	laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
27653010	848	865	lumbar discectomy	T061	C0408632
27653010	870	873	ADR	T061	C2144940
27653010	878	887	represent	T052	C1882932
27653010	897	908	alternative	T077	C1523987
27653010	921	929	patients	T101	C0030705
27653010	933	938	males	T032	C0086582
27653010	946	953	females	T032	C0086287
27653010	964	973	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27653010	979	990	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27653010	991	1016	degenerative disc disease	T047	C0158266
27653010	1039	1044	study	T062	C2603343
27653010	1052	1057	cases	T169	C0868928
27653010	1090	1095	cases	T169	C0868928
27653010	1126	1134	patients	T101	C0030705
27653010	1140	1151	ineffective	T078	C3242229
27653010	1179	1202	conservative treatments	T061	C0459914
27653010	1208	1216	patients	T101	C0030705
27653010	1238	1245	surgery	T061	C0543467
27653010	1257	1266	operation	T061	C0543467
27653010	1280	1287	consent	T169	C1511481
27653010	1289	1306	Three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27653010	1307	1339	computed tomographic angiography	T060	C1536105
27653010	1341	1343	3D	T082	C0450363
27653010	1346	1349	CTA	T060	C1536105
27653010	1358	1363	iliac	T023	C0020889
27653010	1370	1383	blood vessels	T023	C0005847
27653010	1388	1397	completed	T080	C0205197
27653010	1409	1416	surgery	T061	C0543467
27653010	1422	1441	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
27653010	1465	1476	laparoscope	T074	C0023036
27653010	1482	1490	patients	T101	C0030705
27653010	1496	1507	followed up	T058	C1522577
27653010	1513	1522	surgeries	T061	C0543467
27653010	1528	1540	successfully	T080	C1272703
27653010	1541	1550	completed	T080	C0205197
27653010	1556	1563	average	T081	C1510992
27653010	1564	1573	operation	T061	C0543467
27653010	1574	1578	time	T079	C0040223
27653010	1596	1601	range	T081	C1514721
27653010	1624	1631	average	T081	C1510992
27653010	1632	1642	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27653010	1655	1660	range	T081	C1514721
27653010	1677	1682	cases	T169	C0868928
27653010	1693	1699	X-rays	T060	C0043299
27653010	1753	1766	postoperative	T058	C0032786
27653010	1767	1776	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27653010	1782	1789	outcome	T169	C1274040
27653010	1818	1830	mobilization	T169	C0300926
27653010	1832	1844	displacement	T067	C2347509
27653010	1849	1859	subsidence	T067	C3805266
27653010	1867	1875	patients	T101	C0030705
27653010	1885	1894	exception	T077	C1705847
27653010	1902	1906	case	T169	C0868928
27653010	1912	1932	prosthesis migration	T067	C2930543
27653010	1938	1947	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27653010	1970	1975	range	T081	C1514721
27653010	1995	1999	mean	T081	C0444504
27653010	2000	2019	visual analog scale	T201	C2960751
27653010	2021	2024	VAS	T201	C2960751
27653010	2030	2045	Oswestry scores	T033	C2960603
27653010	2051	2060	decreased	T081	C0205216
27653010	2061	2076	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27653010	2082	2086	mean	T081	C0444504
27653010	2087	2098	improvement	T077	C2986411
27653010	2099	2103	rate	T081	C1521828
27653010	2111	2120	VAS score	T201	C2960751
27653010	2132	2138	Lumbar	T029	C0024090
27653010	2139	2142	ADR	T061	C2144940
27653010	2151	2162	laparoscope	T074	C0023036
27653010	2183	2201	minimally invasive	T169	C2711297
27653010	2202	2211	treatment	T169	C0039798
27653010	2216	2227	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27653010	2228	2253	degenerative disc disease	T047	C0158266
27653010	2258	2264	severe	T080	C0205082
27653010	2265	2287	lumbar discogenic pain	T047	C3662826

27653143|t|Dupuytren in a Child: Rare Presentation of a Rare Clinical Entity
27653143|a|Dupuytren disease in children younger than 10 years is rare and only 8 histologically proven cases have been reported. A histologically proven Dupuytren disease in a 10-year-old with an uncommon clinical presentation as a nodule on the radial side of the middle phalanx of the little finger is documented. Dupuytren's disease should be in the differential diagnosis in cases of nodules and contractures in the palm and fingers of children.
27653143	0	9	Dupuytren	T047	C4082974
27653143	15	20	Child	T100	C0008059
27653143	22	26	Rare	T080	C0522498
27653143	45	49	Rare	T080	C0522498
27653143	50	65	Clinical Entity	T062	C0008972
27653143	66	83	Dupuytren disease	T047	C4082974
27653143	87	95	children	T100	C0008059
27653143	137	158	histologically proven	T169	C0205462
27653143	187	208	histologically proven	T169	C0205462
27653143	209	226	Dupuytren disease	T047	C4082974
27653143	252	260	uncommon	T080	C0522498
27653143	261	282	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
27653143	288	294	nodule	T020	C0028259
27653143	302	313	radial side	T082	C1254362
27653143	321	356	middle phalanx of the little finger	T023	C0223850
27653143	360	370	documented	T058	C1301725
27653143	372	391	Dupuytren's disease	T047	C4082974
27653143	409	431	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27653143	444	451	nodules	T020	C0028259
27653143	456	468	contractures	T190	C0009917
27653143	476	480	palm	T029	C0817662
27653143	485	492	fingers	T023	C0016129
27653143	496	504	children	T100	C0008059

27653173|t|Percutaneous coronary intervention and heart surgery learning needs of patients in Jordan
27653173|a|This study aimed to identify and prioritize the perceived learning needs of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention or open-heart surgery. Identifying learning needs for post-cardiac intervention patients is essential to establish successful health education programmes based on patient central care. A descriptive comparative design was employed on a convenience sample of 260 patients who underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention and 105 patients who underwent open-heart surgery patients. Participants had completed the Patient Learning Needs Scale. Data were collected between 1 October 2014 and 31 June 2015. Patients from the two groups highly requesting health and recovery related information. They scored all learning need topics as important or highly important for them. The top priority learning need for both patient groups was ' information about wound care ', and the lowest priority learning need topic was ' physical activity '. The learning needs of both groups were very close, which indicated that educational secondary prevention programmes ' content can be prepared in a unified structure for those patients. Although, specific headings can be used to address the unique needs that emerge from having a specific cardiac interventional procedure. The fact that wound care and medications are areas of highest learning needs for patients requires health policy decision makers to address these topics at the time of hospital discharge. In addition, a policy focus on considering patients ' actual learning needs requires establishment and managerial support. As patients ' learning needs might change later after discharge, the health services should be proactive and focus on continuous support for patients after hospital discharge. Secondary prevention programmes should incorporate health education topics based on patients ' own views. This can be done by giving higher priority to understand patients' needs, put much more effort into how to meet patients ' information needs and to create a more engaging learning environment for patients and their families.
27653173	0	34	Percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
27653173	39	52	heart surgery	T061	C0018821
27653173	53	61	learning	T041	C0023185
27653173	62	79	needs of patients	T169	C0686904
27653173	83	89	Jordan	T083	C0022418
27653173	123	133	prioritize	T079	C0549179
27653173	138	147	perceived	T041	C0030971
27653173	148	156	learning	T041	C0023185
27653173	157	174	needs of patients	T169	C0686904
27653173	189	223	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
27653173	227	245	open-heart surgery	T061	C0189745
27653173	259	267	learning	T041	C0023185
27653173	278	303	post-cardiac intervention	T061	C0184661
27653173	304	312	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	350	377	health education programmes	T058	C0679897
27653173	387	394	patient	T101	C0030705
27653173	395	407	central care	T058	C1279810
27653173	435	441	design	T052	C1707689
27653173	460	471	convenience	T080	C3831015
27653173	472	478	sample	T098	C1257890
27653173	486	494	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	511	545	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
27653173	554	562	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	577	595	open-heart surgery	T061	C0189745
27653173	596	604	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	606	618	Participants	T098	C0679646
27653173	637	644	Patient	T101	C0030705
27653173	645	665	Learning Needs Scale	T170	C0282574
27653173	667	671	Data	T078	C1511726
27653173	728	736	Patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	750	756	groups	T078	C0441833
27653173	775	814	health and recovery related information	T058	C0846605
27653173	832	845	learning need	T041	C0023185
27653173	846	852	topics	T170	C1555712
27653173	904	912	priority	T079	C0549179
27653173	913	921	learning	T041	C0023185
27653173	936	950	patient groups	T101	C0030705
27653173	957	968	information	T078	C1533716
27653173	975	985	wound care	T061	C0886052
27653173	1004	1012	priority	T079	C0549179
27653173	1013	1021	learning	T041	C0023185
27653173	1027	1032	topic	T170	C1555712
27653173	1039	1056	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27653173	1064	1072	learning	T041	C0023185
27653173	1073	1078	needs	T080	C0027552
27653173	1087	1093	groups	T078	C0441833
27653173	1132	1175	educational secondary prevention programmes	T170	C0679717
27653173	1235	1243	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	1264	1272	headings	T170	C0038545
27653173	1307	1312	needs	T080	C0027552
27653173	1348	1355	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27653173	1356	1380	interventional procedure	T061	C0184661
27653173	1396	1406	wound care	T061	C0886052
27653173	1411	1422	medications	T058	C2081612
27653173	1444	1452	learning	T041	C0023185
27653173	1453	1458	needs	T080	C0027552
27653173	1463	1471	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	1481	1494	health policy	T089	C0018735
27653173	1495	1510	decision makers	T097	C0242170
27653173	1528	1534	topics	T170	C1555712
27653173	1542	1546	time	T079	C0040223
27653173	1550	1568	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
27653173	1585	1591	policy	T089	C0018735
27653173	1613	1621	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	1631	1639	learning	T041	C0023185
27653173	1640	1645	needs	T080	C0027552
27653173	1655	1668	establishment	T073	C0442594
27653173	1673	1691	managerial support	T054	C0037438
27653173	1696	1704	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	1707	1715	learning	T041	C0023185
27653173	1716	1721	needs	T080	C0027552
27653173	1747	1756	discharge	T058	C0586003
27653173	1762	1777	health services	T058	C0018747
27653173	1822	1829	support	T054	C0037438
27653173	1834	1842	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	1849	1867	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
27653173	1869	1900	Secondary prevention programmes	T170	C0679717
27653173	1920	1936	health education	T065	C0018701
27653173	1937	1943	topics	T170	C1555712
27653173	1953	1961	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	2009	2017	priority	T079	C0549179
27653173	2032	2047	patients' needs	T169	C0686904
27653173	2087	2095	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	2098	2109	information	T078	C1533716
27653173	2110	2115	needs	T080	C0027552
27653173	2146	2154	learning	T041	C0023185
27653173	2155	2166	environment	T082	C0014406
27653173	2171	2179	patients	T101	C0030705
27653173	2190	2198	families	T099	C0015576

27653361|t|High malaria transmission in a forested malaria focus in French Guiana: How can exophagic Anopheles darlingi thwart vector control and prevention measures?
27653361|a|In French Guiana, malaria vector control and prevention relies on indoor residual spraying and distribution of long lasting insecticidal nets. These measures are based on solid epidemiological evidence but reveal a poor understanding of the vector. The current study investigated the behaviour of both vectors and humans in relation to the ongoing prevention strategies. In 2012 and 2013, Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled outdoors at different seasons and in various time slots. The collected mosquitoes were identified and screened for Plasmodium infection. Data on human behaviour and malaria episodes were obtained from an interview. A total of 3,135 Anopheles mosquitoes were collected, of which Anopheles darlingi was the predominant species (96.2%). For the December 2012-February 2013 period, the Plasmodium vivax infection rate for An. darlingi was 7.8%, and the entomological inoculation rate was 35.7 infective bites per person per three-month span. In spite of high bednet usage (95.7%) in 2012 and 2013, 52.2% and 37.0% of the participants, respectively, had at least one malaria episode. An. darlingi displayed heterogeneous biting behaviour that peaked between 20:30 and 22:30; however, 27.6% of the inhabitants were not yet protected by bednets by 21:30. The use of additional individual and collective protective measures is required to limit exposure to infective mosquito bites and reduce vector densities.
27653361	5	12	malaria	T047	C0024530
27653361	13	25	transmission	T046	C0242781
27653361	31	39	forested	T070	C0086312
27653361	40	47	malaria	T047	C0024530
27653361	57	70	French Guiana	T083	C0016703
27653361	90	108	Anopheles darlingi	T204	C0322943
27653361	116	130	vector control	T057	C0031249
27653361	135	154	prevention measures	T062	C1706420
27653361	159	172	French Guiana	T083	C0016703
27653361	174	181	malaria	T047	C0024530
27653361	174	196	malaria vector control	T057	C0031249
27653361	201	211	prevention	T080	C2700409
27653361	222	246	indoor residual spraying	UnknownType	C0310017
27653361	251	263	distribution	T169	C1704711
27653361	267	297	long lasting insecticidal nets	T074	C2717996
27653361	327	357	solid epidemiological evidence	T169	C1516907
27653361	397	403	vector	T204	C4277713
27653361	423	435	investigated	T169	C1292732
27653361	440	449	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27653361	458	465	vectors	T204	C4277713
27653361	470	476	humans	T016	C0086418
27653361	504	525	prevention strategies	T170	C0679716
27653361	545	565	Anopheles mosquitoes	T204	C1095839
27653361	571	578	sampled	T078	C0870078
27653361	579	587	outdoors	T083	C1709359
27653361	591	608	different seasons	T079	C0036497
27653361	616	634	various time slots	T079	C0439547
27653361	640	649	collected	T169	C1516698
27653361	650	660	mosquitoes	T204	C0026584
27653361	694	714	Plasmodium infection	T047	C0024530
27653361	716	720	Data	T078	C1511726
27653361	724	739	human behaviour	T055	C3826173
27653361	744	751	malaria	T047	C0024530
27653361	752	760	episodes	T079	C0332189
27653361	783	792	interview	T052	C0021822
27653361	811	831	Anopheles mosquitoes	T204	C1095839
27653361	837	846	collected	T169	C1516698
27653361	857	875	Anopheles darlingi	T204	C0322943
27653361	884	895	predominant	T080	C1542147
27653361	896	903	species	T185	C1705920
27653361	921	955	December 2012-February 2013 period	T079	C1948053
27653361	961	987	Plasmodium vivax infection	T047	C0858321
27653361	961	992	Plasmodium vivax infection rate	T081	C1521828
27653361	997	1009	An. darlingi	T204	C0322943
27653361	1028	1041	entomological	T090	C0014386
27653361	1028	1058	entomological inoculation rate	T081	C1521828
27653361	1068	1083	infective bites	T037	C0021564
27653361	1088	1094	person	T098	C0027361
27653361	1099	1115	three-month span	T079	C0449238
27653361	1129	1146	high bednet usage	T169	C0457083
27653361	1134	1140	bednet	T074	C2717998
27653361	1196	1208	participants	T098	C0679646
27653361	1241	1248	malaria	T047	C0024530
27653361	1249	1256	episode	T079	C0332189
27653361	1258	1270	An. darlingi	T204	C0322943
27653361	1281	1311	heterogeneous biting behaviour	T053	C0004927
27653361	1371	1382	inhabitants	T098	C2347958
27653361	1388	1405	not yet protected	T033	C1545588
27653361	1409	1416	bednets	T074	C2717998
27653361	1449	1459	individual	T098	C0237401
27653361	1475	1494	protective measures	T055	C0679688
27653361	1510	1527	limit exposure to	T080	C0332157
27653361	1528	1552	infective mosquito bites	T037	C0417744
27653361	1557	1580	reduce vector densities	T057	C0031249

27653616|t|A framework for automatic creation of gold - standard rigid 3D-2D registration datasets
27653616|a|Advanced image-guided medical procedures incorporate 2D intra-interventional information into pre-interventional 3D image and plan of the procedure through 3D / 2D image registration (32R). To enter clinical use, and even for publication purposes, novel and existing 32R methods have to be rigorously validated. The performance of a 32R method can be estimated by comparing it to an accurate reference or gold standard method (usually based on fiducial markers) on the same set of images (gold standard dataset). Objective validation and comparison of methods are possible only if evaluation methodology is standardized, and the gold standard dataset is made publicly available. Currently, very few such datasets exist and only one contains images of multiple patients acquired during a procedure. To encourage the creation of gold standard 32R datasets, we propose an automatic framework. The framework is based on rigid registration of fiducial markers. The main novelty is spatial grouping of fiducial markers on the carrier device, which enables automatic marker localization and identification across the 3D and 2D images. The proposed framework was demonstrated on clinical angiograms of 20 patients. Rigid 32R computed by the framework was more accurate than that obtained manually, with the respective target registration error below 0.027 mm compared to 0.040 mm. The framework is applicable for gold standard setup on any rigid anatomy, provided that the acquired images contain spatially grouped fiducial markers. The gold standard datasets and software will be made publicly available.
27653616	2	11	framework	T077	C1254372
27653616	16	25	automatic	T169	C0205554
27653616	26	34	creation	T052	C1706214
27653616	38	42	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27653616	45	53	standard	T080	C1442989
27653616	54	59	rigid	T080	C0205556
27653616	60	78	3D-2D registration	T066	C0178706
27653616	79	87	datasets	T170	C0150098
27653616	97	128	image-guided medical procedures	T061	C1171347
27653616	141	143	2D	T082	C1705052
27653616	144	176	intra-interventional information	T078	C1533716
27653616	182	200	pre-interventional	T078	C1533716
27653616	201	209	3D image	T073	C1253948
27653616	214	218	plan	T169	C1301732
27653616	226	235	procedure	T169	C2700391
27653616	244	246	3D	T082	C0450363
27653616	249	251	2D	T082	C1705052
27653616	252	270	image registration	T066	C2697663
27653616	272	275	32R	T066	C2697663
27653616	287	299	clinical use	T201	C0683325
27653616	314	325	publication	T057	C0034037
27653616	355	358	32R	T066	C2697663
27653616	359	366	methods	T169	C0025664
27653616	421	424	32R	T066	C2697663
27653616	425	431	method	T169	C0025664
27653616	471	479	accurate	T080	C0443131
27653616	480	489	reference	T081	C0034925
27653616	493	497	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27653616	493	513	gold standard method	T060	C0086143
27653616	532	548	fiducial markers	T074	C2826325
27653616	569	575	images	T170	C1704254
27653616	577	581	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27653616	582	590	standard	T080	C1442989
27653616	591	598	dataset	T170	C0150098
27653616	601	610	Objective	T170	C0018017
27653616	611	621	validation	T062	C1519941
27653616	669	691	evaluation methodology	T062	C0015194
27653616	717	721	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27653616	722	730	standard	T080	C1442989
27653616	731	738	dataset	T170	C0150098
27653616	792	800	datasets	T170	C0150098
27653616	829	835	images	T170	C1704254
27653616	839	847	multiple	T081	C0439064
27653616	848	856	patients	T101	C0030705
27653616	875	884	procedure	T060	C0430022
27653616	903	911	creation	T052	C1706214
27653616	915	919	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27653616	920	928	standard	T080	C1442989
27653616	929	932	32R	T066	C2697663
27653616	933	941	datasets	T170	C3890581
27653616	957	966	automatic	T169	C0205554
27653616	967	976	framework	T077	C1254372
27653616	982	991	framework	T077	C1254372
27653616	1004	1009	rigid	T080	C0205556
27653616	1010	1022	registration	T066	C2697663
27653616	1026	1042	fiducial markers	T074	C2826325
27653616	1064	1080	spatial grouping	T082	C1254362
27653616	1084	1100	fiducial markers	T074	C2826325
27653616	1138	1147	automatic	T169	C0205554
27653616	1148	1154	marker	T074	C2745888
27653616	1155	1167	localization	T169	C0475264
27653616	1172	1186	identification	T052	C0441655
27653616	1198	1200	3D	T073	C1253948
27653616	1205	1207	2D	T082	C1705052
27653616	1208	1214	images	T170	C1704254
27653616	1229	1238	framework	T077	C1254372
27653616	1259	1267	clinical	T080	C0205210
27653616	1268	1278	angiograms	T060	C0002978
27653616	1285	1293	patients	T101	C0030705
27653616	1295	1300	Rigid	T080	C0205556
27653616	1301	1304	32R	T066	C2697663
27653616	1305	1313	computed	T059	C1441526
27653616	1321	1330	framework	T077	C1254372
27653616	1340	1348	accurate	T080	C0443131
27653616	1398	1404	target	T169	C1521840
27653616	1405	1417	registration	T066	C2697663
27653616	1418	1423	error	T080	C0743559
27653616	1465	1474	framework	T077	C1254372
27653616	1493	1497	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27653616	1498	1506	standard	T080	C1442989
27653616	1507	1512	setup	T080	C0205556
27653616	1520	1525	rigid	T080	C0205556
27653616	1526	1533	anatomy	T091	C0002808
27653616	1562	1568	images	T170	C1704254
27653616	1595	1611	fiducial markers	T074	C2826325
27653616	1617	1621	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27653616	1622	1630	standard	T080	C1442989
27653616	1631	1639	datasets	T170	C0150098
27653616	1644	1652	software	T073,T170	C0037585

27653736|t|Complications and Near-Miss Events After Hepatectomy for Living-Related Liver Donation: An Italian Single Center Report of One Hundred Cases
27653736|a|BACKGROUND In healthy individuals, such as liver living donors, potential complications may occur during surgery. Reporting such complications and near-miss events is mandatory to improve living donor management and safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study was performed on a prospective database with the aim of providing a brief analysis of the perioperative, medium-term, and long-term complications, and the near-miss events in a single center series of 100 consecutive liver resections for adult -to- adult living-donor liver transplantation. RESULTS Only 23.3% of potential living donors underwent surgery. No living donor mortality was reported; 29 patients (29%) experienced at least one complication. Five patients developed mild long-term dysfunction; two aborted hepatectomies, and there were two near-miss events reported. CONCLUSIONS A strategy for an accurate assessment of living donor complications and strict selection criterion cannot be overemphasized, as well as the need to continuously update center patient outcome reports.
27653736	0	13	Complications	T046	C0009566
27653736	28	34	Events	T051	C0441471
27653736	41	52	Hepatectomy	T061	C0019144
27653736	57	86	Living-Related Liver Donation	T061	C1318453
27653736	91	98	Italian	T083	C0022277
27653736	99	112	Single Center	T073,T093	C0475309
27653736	113	119	Report	T170	C0684224
27653736	135	140	Cases	T169	C0868928
27653736	155	162	healthy	T080	C3898900
27653736	163	174	individuals	T098	C0237401
27653736	184	203	liver living donors	T098	C0348050
27653736	215	228	complications	T046	C0009566
27653736	246	253	surgery	T061	C0543467
27653736	270	283	complications	T046	C0009566
27653736	329	341	living donor	T098	C0348050
27653736	342	352	management	T057	C1273870
27653736	357	363	safety	T068	C0036043
27653736	391	410	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27653736	442	450	database	T170	C0242356
27653736	485	493	analysis	T062	C0936012
27653736	501	514	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27653736	516	527	medium-term	T079	C1254367
27653736	533	542	long-term	T079	C0443252
27653736	543	556	complications	T046	C0009566
27653736	576	582	events	T051	C0441471
27653736	588	601	single center	T073,T093	C0475309
27653736	628	644	liver resections	T061	C0019144
27653736	649	654	adult	T100	C0001675
27653736	660	665	adult	T100	C0001675
27653736	666	678	living-donor	T098	C0348050
27653736	679	700	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911
27653736	734	747	living donors	T098	C0348050
27653736	758	765	surgery	T061	C0543467
27653736	767	769	No	T033	C1513916
27653736	770	782	living donor	T098	C0348050
27653736	783	792	mortality	T081	C0178686
27653736	810	818	patients	T101	C0030705
27653736	850	862	complication	T046	C0009566
27653736	869	877	patients	T101	C0030705
27653736	888	892	mild	T080	C2945599
27653736	893	902	long-term	T079	C0443252
27653736	903	914	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27653736	928	941	hepatectomies	T061	C0019144
27653736	972	978	events	T051	C0441471
27653736	1003	1011	strategy	T041	C0679199
27653736	1028	1038	assessment	T058	C0220825
27653736	1042	1054	living donor	T098	C0348050
27653736	1055	1068	complications	T046	C0009566
27653736	1080	1089	selection	T052	C1707391
27653736	1169	1175	center	T073,T093	C0475309
27653736	1176	1191	patient outcome	T078	C1547647
27653736	1192	1199	reports	T170	C0684224

27654398|t|Reduced compensatory responses to maintain central blood volume during hypovolemic stress in women with vasovagal syncope
27654398|a|Although vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a common clinical condition the underlying pathophysiology is not fully understood. A decrease in cardiac output has recently been suggested as a determinant factor for orthostatic VVS. The aim was to investigate compensatory mechanisms to maintain central blood volume and venous return during hypovolemic stress in women with VVS. 14 VVS women (25.7±5.0 years) and 15 matched controls (22.8±3.2 years) were investigated. Single step and graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) to presyncope was used to create hypovolemic stress. Peripheral mobilization of venous blood from the arm (capacitance response and net capillary fluid absorption) and lower limb blood pooling (calf capacitance response) were evaluated with volumetric technique. Cardiovascular responses and plasma norepinephrine (P-NE) were measured. Resting P-NE was elevated in VVS (P<0.01). Despite similar hypovolemic stimulus, VVS displayed blunted increase in P-NE (P<0.01) and reduced maximal percentage increase in TPR (P<0.05) during graded LBNP. Arm capacitance response was slower (P<0.05) and reduced in VVS at higher levels of LBNP (P<0.05). Capillary fluid absorption from extra- to intravascular space was reduced by almost 40% in VVS (P<0.05). Accordingly, a more pronounced reduction in CO was found (P<0.05). In conclusion, women with VVS presented with decreased mobilization of peripheral venous blood and decreased net fluid absorption from tissue to blood during hypovolemic stress, partly explained by an attenuated vasoconstrictor response. This may seriously impede maintenance of cardiac output during hypovolemic stress and could contribute to the pathogenesis of VVS.
27654398	8	30	compensatory responses	T040	C1328738
27654398	43	63	central blood volume	T201	C0005850
27654398	71	89	hypovolemic stress	T046	C0020683
27654398	93	98	women	T098	C0043210
27654398	104	121	vasovagal syncope	T047	C0042420
27654398	131	148	vasovagal syncope	T047	C0042420
27654398	150	153	VVS	T047	C0042420
27654398	167	185	clinical condition	T080	C0348080
27654398	201	216	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27654398	244	270	decrease in cardiac output	T033	C0007166
27654398	327	338	orthostatic	T082	C0231472
27654398	339	342	VVS	T047	C0042420
27654398	371	394	compensatory mechanisms	T040	C1328738
27654398	407	427	central blood volume	T201	C0005850
27654398	432	445	venous return	T019	C1388021
27654398	453	471	hypovolemic stress	T046	C0020683
27654398	475	480	women	T098	C0043210
27654398	486	489	VVS	T047	C0042420
27654398	494	497	VVS	T047	C0042420
27654398	498	503	women	T098	C0043210
27654398	525	544	15 matched controls	T096	C0009932
27654398	604	632	lower body negative pressure	T061	C0024047
27654398	634	638	LBNP	T061	C0024047
27654398	643	653	presyncope	T184	C0700200
27654398	673	691	hypovolemic stress	T046	C0020683
27654398	693	716	Peripheral mobilization	T169	C0300926
27654398	720	732	venous blood	T031	C0229667
27654398	742	745	arm	T029	C0446516
27654398	747	767	capacitance response	T033	C0282551
27654398	772	802	net capillary fluid absorption	T070	C0000854
27654398	808	818	lower limb	T023	C0023216
27654398	819	832	blood pooling	T033	C1706971
27654398	834	859	calf capacitance response	T033	C0282551
27654398	881	901	volumetric technique	T059	C3825502
27654398	903	927	Cardiovascular responses	T040	C1328738
27654398	932	974	plasma norepinephrine (P-NE) were measured	T059	C1275472
27654398	984	1001	P-NE was elevated	T059	C1275472
27654398	1005	1008	VVS	T047	C0042420
27654398	1035	1046	hypovolemic	T034	C0752266
27654398	1047	1055	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27654398	1057	1060	VVS	T047	C0042420
27654398	1079	1095	increase in P-NE	T059	C1275472
27654398	1148	1151	TPR	T039	C1258192
27654398	1175	1179	LBNP	T061	C0024047
27654398	1185	1216	capacitance response was slower	T033	C0282551
27654398	1241	1244	VVS	T047	C0042420
27654398	1265	1269	LBNP	T061	C0024047
27654398	1280	1306	Capillary fluid absorption	T070	C0000854
27654398	1322	1341	intravascular space	T082	C0442123
27654398	1371	1374	VVS	T047	C0042420
27654398	1429	1431	CO	T201	C0007165
27654398	1467	1472	women	T098	C0043210
27654398	1478	1481	VVS	T047	C0042420
27654398	1507	1533	mobilization of peripheral	T169	C0300926
27654398	1534	1546	venous blood	T031	C0229667
27654398	1565	1581	fluid absorption	T070	C0000854
27654398	1587	1593	tissue	T024	C0040300
27654398	1597	1602	blood	T031	C0005767
27654398	1610	1628	hypovolemic stress	T046	C0020683
27654398	1664	1679	vasoconstrictor	T121	C0042397
27654398	1731	1745	cardiac output	T201	C0007165
27654398	1753	1771	hypovolemic stress	T046	C0020683
27654398	1800	1812	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27654398	1816	1819	VVS	T047	C0042420

27654842|t|The health care experience of patients with cancer during the last year of life: Analysis of the SEER - CAHPS data set
27654842|a|Providing high-quality medical care for individuals with cancer during their last year of life involves a range of challenges. An important component of high-quality care during this critical period is ensuring optimal patient satisfaction. The objective of the current study was to assess factors influencing health care ratings among individuals with cancer within 1 year before death. The current study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)- Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS) data set, a new data resource linking patient-reported information from the CAHPS Medicare Survey with clinical information from the National Cancer Institute's SEER program. The study included 5102 Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with cancer who completed CAHPS between 1998 and 2011 within 1 year before their death. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined associations between patient demographic and insurance characteristics with 9 measures of health care experience. Patients with higher general or mental health status were significantly more likely to indicate excellent experience with nearly all measures examined. Sex, race/ethnicity, and education also were found to be significant predictors for certain ratings. Greater time before death predicted an increased likelihood of higher ratings for health plan and specialist physician. Clinical characteristics were found to have few significant associations with experience of care. Individuals in fee-for-service Medicare plans (vs Medicare Advantage) had a greater likelihood of excellent experience with health plans, getting care quickly, and getting needed care. Among patients with cancer within 1 year before death, experience with health plans, physicians, and medical care were found to be associated with sociodemographic, insurance, and clinical characteristics. These findings provide guidance for the development of programs to improve the experience of care among individuals with cancer. Cancer 2017;123:336-344. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
27654842	4	26	health care experience	T058	C0086388
27654842	30	50	patients with cancer	T101	C1516213
27654842	51	79	during the last year of life	T058	C3872821
27654842	81	101	Analysis of the SEER	T093	C0242638
27654842	97	101	SEER	T093	C0242638
27654842	104	109	CAHPS	T093	C2985607
27654842	110	118	data set	T170	C0150098
27654842	119	154	Providing high-quality medical care	T058	C3825410
27654842	159	182	individuals with cancer	T101	C1516213
27654842	183	213	during their last year of life	T058	C3872821
27654842	272	289	high-quality care	T058	C3825410
27654842	302	317	critical period	T080	C1511545
27654842	338	358	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27654842	409	440	factors influencing health care	T033	C0810377
27654842	455	478	individuals with cancer	T101	C1516213
27654842	486	505	1 year before death	T058	C3872821
27654842	534	577	Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results	T093	C0242638
27654842	579	583	SEER	T093	C0242638
27654842	586	641	Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems	T093	C2985607
27654842	643	648	CAHPS	T093	C2985607
27654842	650	658	data set	T170	C0150098
27654842	671	716	resource linking patient-reported information	T170	C2964659
27654842	726	731	CAHPS	T093	C2985607
27654842	732	740	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27654842	732	747	Medicare Survey	T062	C0376688
27654842	753	773	clinical information	T170	C2708733
27654842	783	810	National Cancer Institute's	T093	C1513882
27654842	811	823	SEER program	T093	C0242638
27654842	849	857	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27654842	849	871	Medicare beneficiaries	T098	C3853043
27654842	872	893	diagnosed with cancer	T060	C0920688
27654842	908	913	CAHPS	T093	C2985607
27654842	943	968	1 year before their death	T058	C3872821
27654842	970	1012	Multivariable logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
27654842	1043	1062	patient demographic	T062	C0011289
27654842	1067	1092	insurance characteristics	T081	C0021674
27654842	1112	1134	health care experience	T058	C0086388
27654842	1136	1144	Patients	T101	C0030705
27654842	1168	1188	mental health status	UnknownType	C0585782
27654842	1288	1291	Sex	T032	C0079399
27654842	1293	1307	race/ethnicity	T033	C1830369
27654842	1313	1322	education	T065	C0013621
27654842	1345	1367	significant predictors	T078	C2698872
27654842	1409	1414	death	T040	C0011065
27654842	1459	1482	ratings for health plan	T058	C0679909
27654842	1487	1507	specialist physician	T097	C2348234
27654842	1509	1533	Clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27654842	1587	1605	experience of care	T058	C0086388
27654842	1638	1676	Medicare plans (vs Medicare Advantage)	T064	C3844556
27654842	1731	1743	health plans	T058	C0018727
27654842	1745	1765	getting care quickly	T052	C1947933
27654842	1771	1790	getting needed care	T052	C1947933
27654842	1798	1818	patients with cancer	T101	C1516213
27654842	1819	1845	within 1 year before death	T058	C3872821
27654842	1863	1875	health plans	T058	C0018727
27654842	1877	1887	physicians	T097	C0031831
27654842	1893	1905	medical care	T058	C3825410
27654842	1923	1955	associated with sociodemographic	T078	C0011292
27654842	1957	1966	insurance	T078	C0021672
27654842	1972	1996	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27654842	2038	2061	development of programs	T058	C0033333
27654842	2077	2095	experience of care	T058	C0086388
27654842	2102	2125	individuals with cancer	T101	C1516213

27655308|t|Low literacy and written drug information: information-seeking, leaflet evaluation and preferences, and roles for images
27655308|a|Background Low-literate patients are at risk to misinterpret written drug information. For the (co-) design of targeted patient information, it is key to involve this group in determining their communication barriers and information needs. Objective To gain insight into how people with low literacy use and evaluate written drug information, and to identify ways in which they feel the patient leaflet can be improved, and in particular how images could be used. Setting Food banks and an education institution for Dutch language training in the Netherlands. Method Semi-structured focus groups and individual interviews were held with low-literate participants (n = 45). The thematic framework approach was used for analysis to identify themes in the data. Main outcome measure Low-literate people's experience with patient information leaflets, ideas for improvements, and perceptions on possible uses for visuals. Results Patient information leaflets were considered discouraging to use, and information difficult to find and understand. Many rely on alternative information sources. The leaflet should be shorter, and improved in terms of organisation, legibility and readability. Participants thought images could increase the leaflet's appeal, help ask questions, provide an overview, help understand textual information, aid recall, reassure, and even lead to increased confidence, empowerment and feeling of safety. Conclusion Already at the stages of paying attention to the leaflet and maintaining interest in the message, low-literate patients experience barriers in the communication process through written drug information. Short, structured, visual / textual explanations can lower the motivational threshold to use the leaflet, improve understanding, and empower the low-literate target group.
27655308	0	12	Low literacy	T033	C1401894
27655308	17	41	written drug information	T170	C0033081
27655308	43	62	information-seeking	T033	C0392349
27655308	64	71	leaflet	T170	C3273178
27655308	72	82	evaluation	T078	C1550157
27655308	87	98	preferences	T078	C0558295
27655308	114	120	images	T170	C1704922
27655308	132	144	Low-literate	T098	C1518028
27655308	145	153	patients	T101	C0030705
27655308	161	165	risk	T078	C0035647
27655308	182	206	written drug information	T170	C0033081
27655308	241	260	patient information	T170	C1955348
27655308	288	293	group	T098	C1257890
27655308	315	337	communication barriers	T078	C0009454
27655308	342	353	information	T078	C1533716
27655308	396	402	people	T098	C0027361
27655308	408	420	low literacy	T033	C1401894
27655308	438	462	written drug information	T170	C0033081
27655308	508	515	patient	T101	C0030705
27655308	516	523	leaflet	T170	C3273178
27655308	563	569	images	T170	C1704922
27655308	593	603	Food banks	T092	C1561598
27655308	611	632	education institution	T073,T092	C0036375
27655308	637	651	Dutch language	T171	C0376241
27655308	652	660	training	T065	C0220931
27655308	668	679	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
27655308	704	716	focus groups	T096	C0016400
27655308	721	731	individual	T098	C0237401
27655308	732	742	interviews	T052	C0021822
27655308	758	783	low-literate participants	T098	C1518028
27655308	798	825	thematic framework approach	T077	C1254372
27655308	874	878	data	T078	C1511726
27655308	885	892	outcome	T169	C1274040
27655308	901	922	Low-literate people's	T098	C1518028
27655308	923	933	experience	T078	C1533716
27655308	939	958	patient information	T170	C1955348
27655308	959	967	leaflets	T170	C3273178
27655308	969	974	ideas	T078	C1254370
27655308	979	991	improvements	T077	C2986411
27655308	997	1008	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27655308	1030	1037	visuals	T169	C0234621
27655308	1047	1066	Patient information	T170	C1955348
27655308	1067	1075	leaflets	T170	C3273178
27655308	1117	1128	information	T078	C1533716
27655308	1151	1161	understand	T041	C0162340
27655308	1188	1207	information sources	T033	C0683836
27655308	1213	1220	leaflet	T170	C3273178
27655308	1265	1277	organisation	T169	C1300196
27655308	1279	1289	legibility	T033	C0870803
27655308	1294	1305	readability	T080	C0871211
27655308	1307	1319	Participants	T098	C0679646
27655308	1328	1334	images	T170	C1704922
27655308	1354	1363	leaflet's	T170	C3273178
27655308	1381	1390	questions	T170	C1522634
27655308	1403	1411	overview	T170	C0814812
27655308	1429	1436	textual	T170	C1527021
27655308	1437	1448	information	T078	C1533716
27655308	1454	1460	recall	T041	C0034770
27655308	1499	1509	confidence	T041	C1704726
27655308	1511	1522	empowerment	T054	C0679959
27655308	1538	1544	safety	T068	C0036043
27655308	1606	1613	leaflet	T170	C3273178
27655308	1655	1676	low-literate patients	T098	C1518028
27655308	1677	1687	experience	T041	C0596545
27655308	1688	1717	barriers in the communication	T078	C0009454
27655308	1734	1758	written drug information	T170	C0033081
27655308	1779	1785	visual	T169	C0234621
27655308	1788	1795	textual	T170	C1527021
27655308	1796	1808	explanations	T170	C0681841
27655308	1857	1864	leaflet	T170	C3273178
27655308	1866	1873	improve	T033	C0184511
27655308	1874	1887	understanding	T041	C0162340
27655308	1905	1930	low-literate target group	T098	C1518028

27655319|t|Establishment and application of a flow cytometry -based method for detecting histone acetylation levels
27655319|a|Histone deacetylase inhibitors, which have also received attention in AIDS and other diseases, are a new class of anticancer drugs developed in recent years. However, there is still a lack of a unified and reliable method for detecting histone acetylation levels in basic and clinical research. In this study, we developed a flow cytometry -based method to detect histone acetylation levels by comparing different sample processing temperature (on ice vs. room temperature), permeabilization method (intracellular vs. nuclear), antibody dose (antibody titration) and antibody incubation time (time gradient) using whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, we applied this optimized method in in vitro experiment and clinical trial of Chidamide (the only China FDA approved HDACi), the result of which confirmed that the flow cytometry -based method for detecting histone acetylation levels is a reliable, fast and convenient method which can be used in basic and clinical research.
27655319	35	49	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27655319	57	63	method	T170	C0025663
27655319	68	77	detecting	T033	C0442726
27655319	78	97	histone acetylation	T044	C1156200
27655319	98	104	levels	T080	C0441889
27655319	105	135	Histone deacetylase inhibitors	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27655319	175	179	AIDS	T047	C0001175
27655319	190	198	diseases	T047	C0012634
27655319	219	235	anticancer drugs	T109,T121	C0003392
27655319	289	293	lack	T080	C0332268
27655319	299	306	unified	T080	C1706076
27655319	311	319	reliable	T170	C3858758
27655319	320	326	method	T170	C0025663
27655319	331	340	detecting	T033	C0442726
27655319	341	360	histone acetylation	T044	C1156200
27655319	361	367	levels	T080	C0441889
27655319	371	376	basic	T062	C0681833
27655319	381	398	clinical research	T062	C0008972
27655319	408	413	study	T062	C2603343
27655319	430	444	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27655319	452	458	method	T170	C0025663
27655319	462	468	detect	T061	C1511790
27655319	462	468	detect	T033	C0442726
27655319	469	488	histone acetylation	T044	C1156200
27655319	489	495	levels	T080	C0441889
27655319	499	508	comparing	T052	C1707455
27655319	519	525	sample	T167	C0370003
27655319	526	536	processing	T052	C1709694
27655319	537	548	temperature	T081	C0039476
27655319	553	556	ice	T197	C0020746
27655319	561	577	room temperature	T033	C1822393
27655319	561	577	room temperature	T033	C1822393
27655319	580	596	permeabilization	T043	C0007605
27655319	597	603	method	T170	C0025663
27655319	605	618	intracellular	T026	C0021868
27655319	623	630	nuclear	T026	C0028584
27655319	633	641	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27655319	642	646	dose	T081	C0178602
27655319	648	666	antibody titration	T059	C0522986
27655319	672	680	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27655319	681	696	incubation time	T079	C0040223
27655319	698	711	time gradient	T081	C0812409
27655319	719	730	whole blood	T031	C0370231
27655319	735	769	peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
27655319	800	809	optimized	T052	C2698650
27655319	810	816	method	T170	C0025663
27655319	820	828	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27655319	829	839	experiment	T062	C0681814
27655319	844	858	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27655319	862	871	Chidamide	T109,T121	C2932486
27655319	882	887	China	T083	C0008115
27655319	888	906	FDA approved HDACi	T170	C2700205
27655319	913	919	result	T169	C1274040
27655319	929	938	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27655319	948	962	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27655319	970	976	method	T170	C0025663
27655319	981	990	detecting	T033	C0442726
27655319	991	1010	histone acetylation	T044	C1156200
27655319	1011	1017	levels	T080	C0441889
27655319	1023	1031	reliable	T170	C3858758
27655319	1033	1037	fast	T080	C0456962
27655319	1042	1052	convenient	T080	C3831015
27655319	1053	1059	method	T170	C0025663
27655319	1081	1086	basic	T062	C0681833
27655319	1091	1108	clinical research	T062	C0008972

27655516|t|Central apelin-13 administration modulates hypothalamic control of feeding
27655516|a|The 77 amino prepropeptide apelin has been isolated from bovine stomach tissue and several smaller fragments, including apelin-13, showed high affinity for the orphan APJ receptor. The distribution of apelinergic fibers and receptors in the hypothalamus may suggest a role of apelin-13 on energy balance regulation, albeit the studies reporting the acute effects of apelin on feeding control are inconsistent. Considering the possible involvement of apelinergic system on hypothalamic appetite controlling network, in the present study we evaluated in the rat the effects of intrahypothalamic apelin-13 injection on food intake and the involvement of orexigenic and anorexigenic hypothalamic peptides and neurotransmitters. Eighteen rats (6 for each group of treatment) were injected into the ARC with either vehicle or apelin-13 (1-2 μg/ rat). Food intake and hypothalamic peptide and neurotransmitter levels were evaluated 2 and 24 h after injection. Compared to vehicle, apelin-13 administration increased food intake both 2 and 24 h following treatment. This effect could be related to inhibited cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) gene expression and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) synthesis and release, and increased orexin A gene expression in the hypothalamus.
27655516	0	32	Central apelin-13 administration	T061	C1533734
27655516	8	17	apelin-13	T116,T123	C3179318
27655516	33	42	modulates	T082	C0443264
27655516	43	55	hypothalamic	T023	C0020663
27655516	56	63	control	T169	C2587213
27655516	67	74	feeding	T040	C0013470
27655516	82	108	amino prepropeptide apelin	T116,T123	C1531139
27655516	118	126	isolated	T169	C0205409
27655516	132	138	bovine	T015	C3667982
27655516	139	146	stomach	T023	C0038351
27655516	147	153	tissue	T024	C0040300
27655516	158	165	several	T081	C0443302
27655516	166	173	smaller	T080	C0547044
27655516	174	183	fragments	T031	C0486805
27655516	185	194	including	T169	C0332257
27655516	195	204	apelin-13	T116,T123	C3179318
27655516	213	217	high	T080	C0205250
27655516	218	226	affinity	T070	C1510827
27655516	235	254	orphan APJ receptor	T116,T192	C1137482
27655516	260	272	distribution	T169	C1704711
27655516	276	294	apelinergic fibers	T116,T123	C0033684
27655516	299	308	receptors	T116,T192	C1137482
27655516	316	328	hypothalamus	T023	C0020663
27655516	333	340	suggest	T078	C1705535
27655516	343	347	role	T077	C1705810
27655516	351	360	apelin-13	T116,T123	C3179318
27655516	364	389	energy balance regulation	T039	C1254359
27655516	402	409	studies	T062	C2603343
27655516	410	419	reporting	T062	C0011000
27655516	424	429	acute	T079	C0205178
27655516	430	437	effects	T080	C1280500
27655516	441	447	apelin	T116,T123	C3179318
27655516	451	458	feeding	T040	C0013470
27655516	459	466	control	T169	C2587213
27655516	471	483	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27655516	501	509	possible	T033	C0332149
27655516	510	521	involvement	T169	C1314939
27655516	525	543	apelinergic system	T022	C0460002
27655516	547	568	hypothalamic appetite	T040	C0003618
27655516	569	580	controlling	T169	C2587213
27655516	581	588	network	T169	C1882071
27655516	605	610	study	T062	C2603343
27655516	631	634	rat	T015	C0034721
27655516	639	646	effects	T080	C1280500
27655516	650	687	intrahypothalamic apelin-13 injection	T061	C1533685
27655516	668	677	apelin-13	T116,T123	C3179318
27655516	691	702	food intake	T040	C0013470
27655516	711	722	involvement	T169	C1314939
27655516	726	736	orexigenic	T123	C0574031
27655516	741	775	anorexigenic hypothalamic peptides	T123	C0574031
27655516	780	797	neurotransmitters	T123	C0027908
27655516	808	812	rats	T015	C0034721
27655516	820	824	each	T081	C1457900
27655516	825	830	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27655516	834	843	treatment	T061	C0087111
27655516	850	858	injected	T169	C1720154
27655516	868	871	ARC	T116,T123	C1138248
27655516	884	891	vehicle	T122	C0042444
27655516	895	904	apelin-13	T116,T123	C3179318
27655516	914	917	rat	T015	C0034721
27655516	920	931	Food intake	T040	C0013470
27655516	936	956	hypothalamic peptide	T116	C0030956
27655516	961	977	neurotransmitter	T123	C0027908
27655516	978	984	levels	T080	C0441889
27655516	1011	1016	after	T079	C0687676
27655516	1017	1026	injection	T122	C1272883
27655516	1040	1047	vehicle	T122	C0042444
27655516	1049	1058	apelin-13	T116,T123	C3179318
27655516	1059	1073	administration	T061	C1533734
27655516	1074	1083	increased	T081	C0205217
27655516	1084	1095	food intake	T040	C0013470
27655516	1112	1121	following	T079	C0332282
27655516	1122	1131	treatment	T061	C0087111
27655516	1138	1144	effect	T080	C1280500
27655516	1165	1174	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27655516	1175	1220	cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript	T028	C1824528
27655516	1222	1226	CART	T028	C1824528
27655516	1228	1243	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27655516	1248	1257	serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
27655516	1259	1278	5-hydroxytryptamine	T109,T123	C0036751
27655516	1280	1284	5-HT	T109,T123	C0036751
27655516	1286	1295	synthesis	T044	C1154450
27655516	1313	1322	increased	T081	C0205217
27655516	1323	1331	orexin A	T116,T123	C0671870
27655516	1332	1347	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27655516	1355	1367	hypothalamus	T023	C0020663

27655678|t|RPN13/ADRM1 inhibitor reverses immunosuppression by myeloid-derived suppressor cells
27655678|a|Myeloid-derived-suppressor cells (MDSCs) are key mediators of immune suppression in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Modulation of MDSC function to relieve immunosuppression may enhance the immunologic clearance of tumors. The bis-benzylidine piperidone RA190 binds to the ubiquitin receptor RPN13/ADRM1 on the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome and directly kills ovarian cancer cells by triggering proteotoxic stress. Here we examine the effect of RA190 treatment on the immunosuppression induced by MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment, specifically on the immunosuppression induced by MDSCs. We show that RA190 reduces the expression of Stat3 and the levels of key immunosuppressive enzymes and cytokines arginase, iNOS, and IL-10 in MDSCs, while boosting expression of the immunostimulatory cytokine IL-12. Furthermore, we show that the RA190 -treated MDSCs lost their capacity to suppress CD8+ T cell function. Finally, we show that RA190 treatment of mice bearing syngeneic ovarian tumor elicits potent CD8+ T cell antitumor immune responses and improves tumor control and survival. These data suggest the potential of RA190 for ovarian cancer treatment by both direct killing of tumor cells via proteasome inhibition and relief of MDSC -mediated suppression of CD8 T cell -dependent antitumor immunity elicited by the apoptotic tumor cells.
27655678	0	11	RPN13/ADRM1	T116,T123	C1439083
27655678	12	21	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27655678	31	48	immunosuppression	T047	C4048329
27655678	52	84	myeloid-derived suppressor cells	T025	C4277543
27655678	85	117	Myeloid-derived-suppressor cells	T025	C4277543
27655678	119	124	MDSCs	T025	C4277543
27655678	147	165	immune suppression	T047	C1840264
27655678	173	186	ovarian tumor	T191	C0029925
27655678	187	203	microenvironment	T070	C2936626
27655678	205	215	Modulation	T082	C0443264
27655678	219	223	MDSC	T025	C4277543
27655678	224	232	function	T169	C0542341
27655678	244	261	immunosuppression	T047	C4048329
27655678	278	289	immunologic	T169	C0205470
27655678	303	309	tumors	T191	C0027651
27655678	315	347	bis-benzylidine piperidone RA190	T121	C1254351
27655678	361	379	ubiquitin receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0769158
27655678	380	391	RPN13/ADRM1	T116,T123	C1439083
27655678	399	422	19S regulatory particle	T026	C1518774
27655678	430	440	proteasome	T116,T126	C0208355
27655678	460	474	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27655678	475	480	cells	T025	C0007634
27655678	495	513	proteotoxic stress	T067	C1254366
27655678	545	550	RA190	T121	C1254351
27655678	551	560	treatment	T061	C0087111
27655678	568	585	immunosuppression	T047	C4048329
27655678	597	602	MDSCs	T025	C4277543
27655678	610	632	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
27655678	654	671	immunosuppression	T047	C4048329
27655678	683	688	MDSCs	T025	C4277543
27655678	703	708	RA190	T121	C1254351
27655678	721	731	expression	T045	C0597360
27655678	735	740	Stat3	T116,T123	C0253050
27655678	749	755	levels	T080	C0441889
27655678	763	780	immunosuppressive	T047	C4048329
27655678	781	788	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27655678	793	802	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27655678	803	811	arginase	T116,T126	C0003762
27655678	813	817	iNOS	T116,T126	C1565683
27655678	823	828	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27655678	832	837	MDSCs	T025	C4277543
27655678	854	864	expression	T045	C0597360
27655678	872	889	immunostimulatory	T061	C0087111
27655678	890	898	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27655678	899	904	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27655678	936	941	RA190	T121	C1254351
27655678	951	956	MDSCs	T025	C4277543
27655678	980	988	suppress	T169	C1260953
27655678	989	1000	CD8+ T cell	T025	C0242629
27655678	1001	1009	function	T169	C0542341
27655678	1033	1038	RA190	T121	C1254351
27655678	1039	1048	treatment	T061	C0087111
27655678	1052	1056	mice	T015	C0026809
27655678	1065	1074	syngeneic	T080	C2348628
27655678	1075	1088	ovarian tumor	T191	C0029925
27655678	1104	1115	CD8+ T cell	T025	C0242629
27655678	1116	1125	antitumor	T080	C2986475
27655678	1126	1142	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27655678	1156	1161	tumor	T191	C0027651
27655678	1162	1169	control	T080	C0243148
27655678	1174	1182	survival	T169	C0220921
27655678	1190	1194	data	T078	C1511726
27655678	1220	1225	RA190	T121	C1254351
27655678	1230	1244	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27655678	1245	1254	treatment	T061	C0087111
27655678	1270	1277	killing	T043	C0599733
27655678	1281	1292	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27655678	1297	1318	proteasome inhibition	T044	C1514526
27655678	1333	1337	MDSC	T025	C4277543
27655678	1348	1359	suppression	T169	C1260953
27655678	1363	1373	CD8 T cell	T025	C0242629
27655678	1385	1394	antitumor	T080	C2986475
27655678	1395	1403	immunity	T039	C0020964
27655678	1420	1429	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
27655678	1430	1441	tumor cells	T025	C0597032

27655704|t|Poorer breast cancer survival outcomes in males than females might be attributable to tumor subtype
27655704|a|Substantial controversy exists regarding the differences in tumor subtypes between male breast cancer (MBC) and female breast cancer (FBC). This is the largest population-based study to compare MBC and FBC patients. Using data obtained by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program from 2010-2012, a retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted to investigate tumor subtype - specific differences in various characteristics, overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) between males and females. In all, 181,814 BC patients (1,516 male and 180,298 female) were eligible for this study. The male patients were more likely to be black, older, and have lower histological grades, more advanced stages, larger tumors, more lymph node and distant metastases and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- negative tumors (each p<0.05). A matched analysis showed that the 2-year OS was 91.2% and 93.7% and that the BCSM was 2.2% and 2.5% for male and female patients, respectively. The univariate analysis showed that male triple-negative (TN), hormone receptor (HoR)-positive/HER2-positive and HoR-positive/HER2-negative patients had poorer OS (p <0.01). Meanwhile, the HoR-positive/HER2-positive and TN subtypes were associated with a higher BCSM in MBC patients (p<0.01). The multivariate analysis revealed that TN MBC patients had poorer OS and BCSM (p<0.05). Simultaneously, the results showed that male patients in the HoR-positive/HER2-negative subgroup were less likely to die of BC when adjusting for other factors (p<0.05). The analysis of 2-year OS and BCSM among the BC subtypes showed clear differences between MBC and FBC patients with the TN subtype; these differences warrant further investigation.
27655704	0	6	Poorer	T080	C0542537
27655704	7	20	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27655704	21	29	survival	T169	C0220921
27655704	30	38	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27655704	42	47	males	T032	C0086582
27655704	53	60	females	T032	C0086287
27655704	86	99	tumor subtype	T185	C1519691
27655704	145	156	differences	T080	C1705242
27655704	160	174	tumor subtypes	T185	C1519691
27655704	183	201	male breast cancer	T191	C0238033
27655704	203	206	MBC	T191	C0238033
27655704	212	232	female breast cancer	T191	C0007104
27655704	234	237	FBC	T191	C0007104
27655704	252	259	largest	T081	C0443228
27655704	260	282	population-based study	T062	C1709599
27655704	286	293	compare	T052	C1707455
27655704	294	297	MBC	T191	C0238033
27655704	302	305	FBC	T191	C0007104
27655704	306	314	patients	T101	C0030705
27655704	322	326	data	T078	C1511726
27655704	327	335	obtained	T169	C1301820
27655704	343	401	Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program	T093	C0242638
27655704	420	433	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27655704	435	464	population-based cohort study	T062	C1709599
27655704	482	493	investigate	T169	C1292732
27655704	494	507	tumor subtype	T185	C1519691
27655704	510	518	specific	T080	C0205369
27655704	519	530	differences	T080	C1705242
27655704	534	541	various	T081	C0439064
27655704	542	557	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27655704	559	575	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27655704	577	579	OS	T081	C4086681
27655704	585	617	breast cancer-specific mortality	T081	C1516192
27655704	619	623	BCSM	T081	C1516192
27655704	633	638	males	T032	C0086582
27655704	643	650	females	T032	C0086287
27655704	668	670	BC	T191	C0678222
27655704	671	679	patients	T101	C0030705
27655704	687	691	male	T032	C0086582
27655704	704	710	female	T032	C0086287
27655704	717	725	eligible	T080	C1548635
27655704	735	740	study	T062	C2603343
27655704	746	750	male	T032	C0086582
27655704	751	759	patients	T101	C0030705
27655704	783	788	black	T098	C0005680
27655704	790	795	older	T098	C0001792
27655704	806	811	lower	T080	C0205251
27655704	812	831	histological grades	T033	C1298736
27655704	833	853	more advanced stages	T079	C0205390
27655704	855	861	larger	T081	C0549177
27655704	862	868	tumors	T191	C0027651
27655704	870	874	more	T081	C0205172
27655704	875	885	lymph node	T023	C0024204
27655704	890	908	distant metastases	T191	C0027627
27655704	913	953	human epidermal growth factor receptor 2	T116,T126,T192	C1702024
27655704	955	959	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C1702024
27655704	962	970	negative	T033	C0205160
27655704	971	977	tumors	T191	C0027651
27655704	995	1011	matched analysis	T080	C0085145
27655704	1035	1037	OS	T081	C4086681
27655704	1071	1075	BCSM	T081	C1516192
27655704	1098	1102	male	T032	C0086582
27655704	1107	1113	female	T032	C0086287
27655704	1114	1122	patients	T101	C0030705
27655704	1142	1161	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
27655704	1174	1178	male	T032	C0086582
27655704	1179	1194	triple-negative	T033	C2348819
27655704	1196	1198	TN	T033	C2348819
27655704	1201	1246	hormone receptor (HoR)-positive/HER2-positive	T034	C3898879
27655704	1251	1277	HoR-positive/HER2-negative	T034	C1254360
27655704	1278	1286	patients	T101	C0030705
27655704	1291	1297	poorer	T080	C0542537
27655704	1298	1300	OS	T081	C4086681
27655704	1327	1353	HoR-positive/HER2-positive	T101	C0030705
27655704	1358	1360	TN	T033	C2348819
27655704	1361	1369	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27655704	1375	1390	associated with	T080	C0332281
27655704	1393	1399	higher	T080	C0205250
27655704	1400	1404	BCSM	T081	C1516192
27655704	1408	1411	MBC	T191	C0238033
27655704	1412	1420	patients	T101	C0030705
27655704	1435	1456	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27655704	1457	1465	revealed	T080	C0443289
27655704	1471	1473	TN	T033	C2348819
27655704	1474	1477	MBC	T191	C0238033
27655704	1478	1486	patients	T101	C0030705
27655704	1491	1497	poorer	T080	C0542537
27655704	1498	1500	OS	T081	C4086681
27655704	1505	1509	BCSM	T081	C1516192
27655704	1540	1547	results	T169	C1274040
27655704	1560	1564	male	T032	C0086582
27655704	1565	1573	patients	T101	C0030705
27655704	1581	1616	HoR-positive/HER2-negative subgroup	T185	C1515021
27655704	1622	1626	less	T081	C0439092
27655704	1634	1640	to die	T033	C0243095
27655704	1644	1646	BC	T191	C0678222
27655704	1694	1702	analysis	T062	C0936012
27655704	1713	1715	OS	T081	C4086681
27655704	1720	1724	BCSM	T081	C1516192
27655704	1735	1737	BC	T191	C0678222
27655704	1738	1746	subtypes	T101	C0030705
27655704	1754	1759	clear	T080	C2963144
27655704	1760	1771	differences	T080	C1705242
27655704	1780	1783	MBC	T191	C0238033
27655704	1788	1791	FBC	T191	C0007104
27655704	1792	1800	patients	T101	C0030705
27655704	1810	1812	TN	T033	C2348819
27655704	1813	1820	subtype	T185	C0449560
27655704	1828	1839	differences	T080	C1705242
27655704	1848	1855	further	T082	C1517331
27655704	1856	1869	investigation	T058	C0220825

27655998|t|Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Hypertension in von Willebrand Disease
27655998|a|von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a biomarker for endothelial damage. Increased VWF levels are observed in hypertension (HTN) and disorders of endothelial dysfunction, for example, atherosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) and diabetes. Whether low VWF protects against HTN is unknown. To determine prevalence and risk factors for HTN in patients with von Willebrand disease (VWD), we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample, 2009 to 2011. Group comparisons were performed by Rao-Scott χ(2) test. Odds of HTN and HTN outcomes in VWD were estimated by weighted multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence of hypertension in patients with VWD (N = 7556), 37.35%, was significantly lower than that in non-VWD patients (N = 19 918 970), 49.40%, P < .0001. Hypertension risk factors (hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, hepatitis C, and HIV) and HTN outcomes (ASHD, myocardial infarction [MI], ischemic stroke, and renal failure) were less common in patients with VWD than in non-VWD patients, all P ≤ .0001. Patients with VWD were younger, 49.67 versus 57.30 years, Caucasian, 82.23% versus 68.35%, and female, 75.44% versus 59.61%, P < .0001. Patients with HTN were older, 67.55 versus 47.29 years, male, 45.99% versus 34.90%, and had more HTN risk factors and HTN outcomes than those without HTN, all P < .0001, including male and female subgroups, each P < .0001. The unadjusted odds of HTN in patients with VWD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.611, P < .0001) and of HTN outcomes in patients with VWD (ASHD, OR = 0.509; MI, OR = 0.422; ischemic stroke, OR = 0.521; renal failure, OR = 0.420, all P < .0001) became insignificant after adjustment for HTN risk factors plus demographics (age / race / gender), OR = 1.035, P = .260. The risk of HTN is reduced in patients with VWD, but not after adjustment for HTN risk factors plus demographics, as patients with VWD not having HTN are also typically young, Caucasian, and female.
27655998	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
27655998	15	27	Risk Factors	T033	C0035648
27655998	44	56	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27655998	60	82	von Willebrand Disease	T047	C0042974
27655998	83	104	von Willebrand factor	T116,T121,T123	C0042971
27655998	106	109	VWF	T116,T121,T123	C0042971
27655998	116	125	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27655998	130	141	endothelial	T024	C0014257
27655998	142	148	damage	T037	C0010957
27655998	160	163	VWF	T116,T121,T123	C0042971
27655998	164	170	levels	T080	C0441889
27655998	187	199	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27655998	201	204	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	223	246	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27655998	261	290	atherosclerotic heart disease	T047	C0010054
27655998	292	296	ASHD	T047	C0010054
27655998	302	310	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27655998	320	323	low	T080	C0205251
27655998	324	327	VWF	T116,T121,T123	C0042971
27655998	345	348	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	374	384	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27655998	389	401	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27655998	406	409	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	413	421	patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	427	449	von Willebrand disease	T047	C0042974
27655998	451	454	VWD	T047	C0042974
27655998	472	496	cross-sectional analysis	T062	C0010362
27655998	500	514	discharge data	T170	C0814903
27655998	524	549	National Inpatient Sample	T081	C0033206
27655998	565	570	Group	T078	C0441833
27655998	571	582	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27655998	601	620	Rao-Scott χ(2) test	T170	C0008041
27655998	630	633	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	638	641	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	642	650	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27655998	654	657	VWD	T047	C0042974
27655998	676	684	weighted	T170	C4291660
27655998	685	718	multivariable logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27655998	724	734	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27655998	738	750	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27655998	754	762	patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	768	771	VWD	T047	C0042974
27655998	796	815	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27655998	829	836	non-VWD	T033	C0243095
27655998	837	845	patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	883	895	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27655998	896	908	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27655998	910	924	hyperlipidemia	T047	C0020473
27655998	926	934	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27655998	936	943	smoking	T055	C0037369
27655998	945	956	hepatitis C	T047	C0019196
27655998	962	965	HIV	T047	C0019693
27655998	971	974	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	975	983	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27655998	985	989	ASHD	T047	C0010054
27655998	991	1012	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27655998	1014	1016	MI	T047	C0027051
27655998	1019	1034	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27655998	1040	1053	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27655998	1075	1083	patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	1089	1092	VWD	T047	C0042974
27655998	1101	1108	non-VWD	T033	C0243095
27655998	1109	1117	patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	1134	1142	Patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	1148	1151	VWD	T047	C0042974
27655998	1157	1164	younger	T033	C2237067
27655998	1192	1201	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27655998	1229	1235	female	T032	C0086287
27655998	1270	1278	Patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	1284	1287	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	1326	1330	male	T032	C0086582
27655998	1367	1370	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	1371	1383	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27655998	1388	1391	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	1392	1400	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27655998	1420	1423	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	1450	1454	male	T032	C0086582
27655998	1459	1465	female	T032	C0086287
27655998	1466	1475	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27655998	1516	1519	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	1523	1531	patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	1537	1540	VWD	T047	C0042974
27655998	1542	1552	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27655998	1554	1556	OR	T081	C0028873
27655998	1585	1588	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	1589	1597	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27655998	1601	1609	patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	1615	1618	VWD	T047	C0042974
27655998	1620	1624	ASHD	T047	C0010054
27655998	1626	1628	OR	T081	C0028873
27655998	1638	1640	MI	T047	C0027051
27655998	1642	1644	OR	T081	C0028873
27655998	1654	1669	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27655998	1671	1673	OR	T081	C0028873
27655998	1683	1696	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27655998	1698	1700	OR	T081	C0028873
27655998	1752	1762	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27655998	1767	1770	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	1771	1783	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27655998	1789	1801	demographics	T090	C0011298
27655998	1803	1806	age	T032	C0001779
27655998	1809	1813	race	T098	C0034510
27655998	1816	1822	gender	T032	C0079399
27655998	1825	1827	OR	T081	C0028873
27655998	1851	1855	risk	T078	C0035647
27655998	1859	1862	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	1877	1885	patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	1891	1894	VWD	T047	C0042974
27655998	1910	1920	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27655998	1925	1928	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	1929	1941	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27655998	1947	1959	demographics	T090	C0011298
27655998	1964	1972	patients	T101	C0030705
27655998	1978	1981	VWD	T047	C0042974
27655998	1993	1996	HTN	T047	C0020538
27655998	2016	2021	young	T079	C0332239
27655998	2023	2032	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27655998	2038	2044	female	T032	C0086287

27656399|t|miR-125b affects mitochondrial biogenesis and impairs brite adipocyte formation and function
27656399|a|In rodents and humans, besides brown adipose tissue (BAT), islands of thermogenic adipocytes, termed " brite " (brown-in-white) or beige adipocytes, emerge within white adipose tissue (WAT) after cold exposure or β3-adrenoceptor stimulation, which may protect from obesity and associated diseases. microRNAs are novel modulators of adipose tissue development and function. The purpose of this work was to characterize the role of microRNAs in the control of brite adipocyte formation. Using human multipotent adipose derived stem cells, we identified miR-125b-5p as downregulated upon brite adipocyte formation. In humans and rodents, miR-125b-5p expression was lower in BAT than in WAT. In vitro, overexpression and knockdown of miR-125b-5p decreased and increased mitochondrial biogenesis, respectively. In vivo, miR-125b-5p levels were downregulated in subcutaneous WAT and interscapular BAT upon β3-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Injections of an miR-125b-5p mimic and LNA inhibitor directly into WAT inhibited and increased β3-adrenoceptor-mediated induction of UCP1, respectively, and mitochondrial brite adipocyte marker expression and mitochondriogenesis. Collectively, our results demonstrate that miR-125b-5p plays an important role in the repression of brite adipocyte function by modulating oxygen consumption and mitochondrial gene expression.
27656399	0	8	miR-125b	T114,T123	C3661314
27656399	17	41	mitochondrial biogenesis	T043	C3494456
27656399	46	53	impairs	T169	C0221099
27656399	54	69	brite adipocyte	T025	C4277680
27656399	70	79	formation	T169	C1522492
27656399	84	92	function	T169	C0542341
27656399	96	103	rodents	T015	C0035804
27656399	108	114	humans	T016	C0086418
27656399	124	144	brown adipose tissue	T024	C0006298
27656399	146	149	BAT	T024	C0006298
27656399	163	185	thermogenic adipocytes	T025	C0206131
27656399	196	201	brite	T025	C4277680
27656399	205	219	brown-in-white	T025	C4277680
27656399	224	240	beige adipocytes	T025	C4277680
27656399	256	276	white adipose tissue	T024	C1704223
27656399	278	281	WAT	T024	C1704223
27656399	289	302	cold exposure	T033	C3842061
27656399	306	333	β3-adrenoceptor stimulation	T044	C1152729
27656399	345	352	protect	T033	C1545588
27656399	358	365	obesity	T047	C0028754
27656399	370	389	associated diseases	T046	C0243083
27656399	391	400	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27656399	411	421	modulators	T080	C0205556
27656399	425	439	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27656399	440	451	development	T040	C0678723
27656399	456	464	function	T169	C0542341
27656399	470	477	purpose	T169	C1285529
27656399	498	510	characterize	T052	C1880022
27656399	523	532	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27656399	540	550	control of	T080	C0243148
27656399	551	566	brite adipocyte	T025	C4277680
27656399	567	576	formation	T169	C1522492
27656399	584	589	human	T016	C0086418
27656399	590	628	multipotent adipose derived stem cells	T025	C1136335
27656399	633	643	identified	T080	C0205396
27656399	644	655	miR-125b-5p	T114,T123	C3661314
27656399	678	693	brite adipocyte	T025	C4277680
27656399	694	703	formation	T169	C1522492
27656399	708	714	humans	T016	C0086418
27656399	719	726	rodents	T015	C0035804
27656399	728	739	miR-125b-5p	T114,T123	C3661314
27656399	740	750	expression	T045	C0017262
27656399	755	760	lower	T052	C2003888
27656399	764	767	BAT	T024	C0006298
27656399	776	779	WAT	T024	C1704223
27656399	781	789	In vitro	T062	C0681828
27656399	823	834	miR-125b-5p	T114,T123	C3661314
27656399	859	883	mitochondrial biogenesis	T043	C3494456
27656399	899	906	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27656399	908	919	miR-125b-5p	T114,T123	C3661314
27656399	949	961	subcutaneous	T082	C0443315
27656399	962	965	WAT	T024	C1704223
27656399	970	983	interscapular	T029	C0230106
27656399	984	987	BAT	T024	C0006298
27656399	993	1027	β3-adrenergic receptor stimulation	T044	C1152729
27656399	1029	1039	Injections	T061	C0021485
27656399	1046	1063	miR-125b-5p mimic	T114,T123	C3661314
27656399	1068	1071	LNA	T114	C1311713
27656399	1072	1081	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27656399	1096	1099	WAT	T024	C1704223
27656399	1100	1109	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27656399	1124	1158	β3-adrenoceptor-mediated induction	T044	C1152729
27656399	1162	1166	UCP1	T116,T123	C0107264
27656399	1186	1199	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27656399	1200	1215	brite adipocyte	T025	C4277680
27656399	1216	1222	marker	T201	C0005516
27656399	1223	1233	expression	T061	C0185117
27656399	1238	1257	mitochondriogenesis	T043	C3494456
27656399	1285	1296	demonstrate	T052	C3687625
27656399	1302	1313	miR-125b-5p	T114,T123	C3661314
27656399	1359	1374	brite adipocyte	T025	C4277680
27656399	1375	1383	function	T169	C0542341
27656399	1387	1397	modulating	T082	C0443264
27656399	1398	1416	oxygen consumption	T201	C0030055
27656399	1421	1434	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27656399	1435	1450	gene expression	T045	C0017262

27656565|t|Evaluation of Outcome Following Coronectomy for the Management of Mandibular Third Molars in Close Proximity to Inferior Alveolar Nerve
27656565|a|Iatrogenic damage to Inferior Alveolar Nerve (IAN) is a significant risk factor following prophylactic or therapeutic removal of impacted mandibular third molar. The risk to IAN injury increases many fold, when the third molar root overlaps the nerve canal as identified by the radiographic imaging. Various methods like orthodontic assisted extraction, staged removal of tooth or coronectomy have been advocated to reduce the incidence of IAN injury in high risk cases with variable outcome. The aim of present study was to evaluate the fate of the root (resorbed, exfoliated, covered by bone) after coronectomy or intentional root retention of impacted mandibular 3(rd) molars in patients with high risk for inferior alveolar nerve damage as evaluated by the intra oral periapical radiograph. Twenty impacted mandibular third molar teeth, in 18 patients with high risk of injury to IAN based on Rood's Criteria in an intra oral periapical radiographic examination, between the age group of 18 to 40 years, were included in the study. Preoperatively the impacted third molars were evaluated clinically as well as radiographically. Pederson Difficulty Index and Winter's Classification of impacted tooth was recorded. Coronectomy was done at the cemento enamel junction leaving the roots 2-3mm below the alveolar crest and primary closure was done. Patients were evaluated periodically for two years at six months interval. Post operative pain, swelling, IAN injury or any other complications were observed and recorded. None of the patients had IAN injury and none required second surgical removal. There was no incidence of post-operative infection and none required second surgical intervention. However, two of our patients had failed coronectomy (10%) due to mobilization of roots intra operatively and the roots were removed. One patient developed profuse bleeding intra-operatively in the failed coronectomy case. One patient had temporary lingual nerve paresthesia. Coronectomy procedure is effective in controlling inferior alveolar nerve injury following third molar surgery, in radiographically evaluated high risk cases and it has very low incidence of complications.
27656565	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27656565	14	21	Outcome	T169	C1274040
27656565	32	43	Coronectomy	T061	C2958928
27656565	52	62	Management	T169	C0039798
27656565	66	76	Mandibular	T023	C0024687
27656565	77	89	Third Molars	T023	C0026369
27656565	99	108	Proximity	T082	C1709211
27656565	112	135	Inferior Alveolar Nerve	T023	C0162406
27656565	136	146	Iatrogenic	T080	C0439669
27656565	147	153	damage	T169	C1883709
27656565	157	180	Inferior Alveolar Nerve	T023	C0162406
27656565	182	185	IAN	T023	C0162406
27656565	204	215	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27656565	226	238	prophylactic	T061	C0199176
27656565	242	296	therapeutic removal of impacted mandibular third molar	T061	C0398942
27656565	310	313	IAN	T023	C0162406
27656565	314	320	injury	T037	C0161479
27656565	321	330	increases	T081	C0205217
27656565	351	367	third molar root	T023	C2323255
27656565	381	392	nerve canal	T023	C0229962
27656565	414	434	radiographic imaging	T060	C0457276
27656565	444	451	methods	T061	C0087111
27656565	457	488	orthodontic assisted extraction	T061	C0040440
27656565	490	513	staged removal of tooth	T061	C0040440
27656565	517	528	coronectomy	T061	C2958928
27656565	563	572	incidence	T081	C0021149
27656565	576	579	IAN	T023	C0162406
27656565	580	586	injury	T037	C0161479
27656565	590	599	high risk	T033	C0332167
27656565	611	627	variable outcome	T033	C0243095
27656565	633	636	aim	T078	C1947946
27656565	661	669	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27656565	686	690	root	T023	C0040452
27656565	692	700	resorbed	T047	C0040451
27656565	702	712	exfoliated	T042	C0040439
27656565	714	721	covered	T169	C0439844
27656565	725	729	bone	T023	C0262950
27656565	737	748	coronectomy	T061	C2958928
27656565	752	763	intentional	T080	C1283828
27656565	764	778	root retention	T047	C0155952
27656565	782	814	impacted mandibular 3(rd) molars	T046	C0399551
27656565	818	826	patients	T101	C0030705
27656565	832	841	high risk	T033	C0332167
27656565	846	869	inferior alveolar nerve	T023	C0162406
27656565	870	876	damage	T037	C0161479
27656565	880	889	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27656565	897	929	intra oral periapical radiograph	T060	C0846744
27656565	938	975	impacted mandibular third molar teeth	T046	C0399551
27656565	983	991	patients	T101	C0030705
27656565	997	1006	high risk	T033	C0332167
27656565	1010	1016	injury	T037	C0161479
27656565	1020	1023	IAN	T023	C0162406
27656565	1033	1048	Rood's Criteria	T170	C0282574
27656565	1055	1101	intra oral periapical radiographic examination	T060	C0846744
27656565	1115	1124	age group	T100	C0027362
27656565	1172	1186	Preoperatively	T033	C0178808
27656565	1191	1212	impacted third molars	T023	C0341034
27656565	1218	1238	evaluated clinically	T058	C4084924
27656565	1268	1293	Pederson Difficulty Index	T170	C0918012
27656565	1298	1321	Winter's Classification	T185	C0008902
27656565	1325	1339	impacted tooth	T190	C0040456
27656565	1354	1365	Coronectomy	T061	C2958928
27656565	1382	1405	cemento enamel junction	T023	C0227011
27656565	1418	1423	roots	T023	C0040452
27656565	1440	1454	alveolar crest	T029	C0005898
27656565	1459	1474	primary closure	T061	C0441503
27656565	1485	1493	Patients	T101	C0030705
27656565	1499	1508	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27656565	1509	1521	periodically	T079	C0332182
27656565	1550	1558	interval	T079	C1272706
27656565	1560	1579	Post operative pain	T184	C0030201
27656565	1581	1589	swelling	T033	C0038999
27656565	1591	1594	IAN	T023	C0162406
27656565	1595	1601	injury	T037	C0161479
27656565	1615	1628	complications	T046	C0009566
27656565	1634	1642	observed	T169	C1441672
27656565	1669	1677	patients	T101	C0030705
27656565	1682	1685	IAN	T023	C0162406
27656565	1686	1692	injury	T037	C0161479
27656565	1711	1717	second	T081	C0205436
27656565	1718	1734	surgical removal	T061	C0040440
27656565	1762	1786	post-operative infection	T046	C0038941
27656565	1805	1811	second	T081	C0205436
27656565	1812	1833	surgical intervention	T033	C0549433
27656565	1855	1863	patients	T101	C0030705
27656565	1868	1874	failed	T169	C0231175
27656565	1875	1886	coronectomy	T061	C2958928
27656565	1900	1912	mobilization	T061	C0185112
27656565	1916	1921	roots	T023	C0040452
27656565	1922	1939	intra operatively	T079	C0456904
27656565	1948	1953	roots	T023	C0040452
27656565	1972	1979	patient	T101	C0030705
27656565	1998	2006	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27656565	2007	2024	intra-operatively	T079	C0456904
27656565	2032	2038	failed	T169	C0231175
27656565	2039	2050	coronectomy	T061	C2958928
27656565	2061	2068	patient	T101	C0030705
27656565	2073	2082	temporary	T079	C0205374
27656565	2083	2096	lingual nerve	T023	C0023740
27656565	2097	2108	paresthesia	T047	C0030554
27656565	2110	2121	Coronectomy	T061	C2958928
27656565	2135	2144	effective	T080	C1704419
27656565	2148	2159	controlling	T067	C2239193
27656565	2160	2183	inferior alveolar nerve	T023	C0162406
27656565	2184	2190	injury	T037	C0161479
27656565	2201	2220	third molar surgery	T061	C0577760
27656565	2242	2251	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27656565	2252	2261	high risk	T033	C0332167
27656565	2284	2287	low	T080	C0205251
27656565	2288	2297	incidence	T081	C0021149
27656565	2301	2314	complications	T046	C0009566

27656567|t|Interlinking Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Assessment of Crevicular Visfatin Levels in Health and in Disease Before and After Initial Periodontal Therapy
27656567|a|Visfatin is a new adipocytokine associated with both chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus independently. We aimed to estimate and compare the changes in the levels of visfatin in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) of healthy subjects and in subjects with periodontitis with or without controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) after administration of non-surgical periodontal therapy. Forty two subjects were equally divided into Group 1 (healthy), Group 2 (systemically healthy with chronic periodontitis), Group 3 (subjects with chronic periodontitis having controlled T2DM). Defined clinical parameters were recorded at baseline and at one month follow-up period. Visfatin was assessed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. One way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures were used. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used for correlation. Significant increase in the visfatin levels was seen with the highest values observed in diabetes with periodontal disease. Visfatin responded to non-surgical periodontal therapy as observed by significant decrease in levels after one month but even at this period diabetics showed the highest levels. Visfatin levels are highest in individuals with both periodontal disease and diabetes even after periodontal therapy. Individuals with T2DM may be at higher risk of developing periodontal disease.
27656567	13	26	Periodontitis	T047	C0031099
27656567	31	55	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	T047	C0011860
27656567	73	83	Crevicular	T030	C0447436
27656567	84	92	Visfatin	T116,T126	C0068707
27656567	93	99	Levels	T080	C0441889
27656567	103	109	Health	T078	C0018684
27656567	117	124	Disease	T047	C0012634
27656567	125	131	Before	T079	C0332152
27656567	136	141	After	T079	C0687676
27656567	142	149	Initial	T079	C0205265
27656567	150	169	Periodontal Therapy	T061	C1882340
27656567	170	178	Visfatin	T116,T126	C0068707
27656567	188	201	adipocytokine	T116,T123	C1955907
27656567	202	217	associated with	T080	C0332281
27656567	223	244	chronic periodontitis	T047	C0266929
27656567	249	273	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27656567	274	287	independently	T033	C1299583
27656567	301	309	estimate	T081	C0750572
27656567	341	347	levels	T080	C0441889
27656567	351	359	visfatin	T116,T126	C0068707
27656567	367	392	Gingival Crevicular Fluid	T031	C0017564
27656567	394	397	GCF	T031	C0017564
27656567	402	418	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27656567	426	434	subjects	T096	C0681850
27656567	440	453	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
27656567	470	480	controlled	T169	C2587213
27656567	481	505	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	T047	C0011860
27656567	507	511	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27656567	519	533	administration	T061	C1533734
27656567	537	569	non-surgical periodontal therapy	T061	C2193643
27656567	581	589	subjects	T096	C0681850
27656567	603	610	divided	T169	C0332849
27656567	616	621	Group	T078	C0441833
27656567	625	632	healthy	T080	C3898900
27656567	635	640	Group	T078	C0441833
27656567	644	664	systemically healthy	T080	C3898900
27656567	670	691	chronic periodontitis	T047	C0266929
27656567	694	699	Group	T078	C0441833
27656567	703	711	subjects	T096	C0681850
27656567	717	738	chronic periodontitis	T047	C0266929
27656567	746	756	controlled	T169	C2587213
27656567	757	761	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27656567	772	780	clinical	T080	C0205210
27656567	781	791	parameters	T033	C0449381
27656567	797	805	recorded	T169	C0205245
27656567	809	817	baseline	T081	C1442488
27656567	829	834	month	T079	C0439231
27656567	835	844	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27656567	845	851	period	T079	C1948053
27656567	853	861	Visfatin	T116,T126	C0068707
27656567	866	874	assessed	T052	C1516048
27656567	881	914	enzyme linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
27656567	916	929	One way ANOVA	T081	C1709320
27656567	934	959	Tukey's multiple post hoc	T081	C0392762
27656567	960	970	procedures	T169	C2700391
27656567	982	1015	Pearson's correlation coefficient	T081	C0871052
27656567	1029	1040	correlation	T080	C1707520
27656567	1042	1053	Significant	T078	C0750502
27656567	1054	1062	increase	T169	C0442805
27656567	1070	1078	visfatin	T116,T126	C0068707
27656567	1079	1085	levels	T080	C0441889
27656567	1104	1111	highest	T080	C1522410
27656567	1112	1118	values	T081	C1522609
27656567	1119	1127	observed	T169	C1441672
27656567	1131	1139	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27656567	1145	1164	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
27656567	1166	1174	Visfatin	T116,T126	C0068707
27656567	1188	1220	non-surgical periodontal therapy	T061	C2193643
27656567	1224	1232	observed	T169	C1441672
27656567	1236	1247	significant	T078	C0750502
27656567	1248	1256	decrease	T081	C0547047
27656567	1260	1266	levels	T080	C0441889
27656567	1277	1282	month	T079	C0439231
27656567	1300	1306	period	T079	C1948053
27656567	1307	1316	diabetics	T033	C0241863
27656567	1328	1335	highest	T080	C1522410
27656567	1336	1342	levels	T080	C0441889
27656567	1344	1352	Visfatin	T116,T126	C0068707
27656567	1353	1359	levels	T080	C0441889
27656567	1364	1371	highest	T080	C1522410
27656567	1375	1386	individuals	T098	C0027361
27656567	1397	1416	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
27656567	1421	1429	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27656567	1441	1460	periodontal therapy	T061	C1882340
27656567	1462	1473	Individuals	T098	C0027361
27656567	1479	1483	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27656567	1491	1505	at higher risk	T033	C3843761
27656567	1520	1539	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090

27657099|t|Effects of Rational-Emotive Hospice Care Therapy on Problematic Assumptions, Death Anxiety, and Psychological Distress in a Sample of Cancer Patients and Their Family Caregivers in Nigeria
27657099|a|This study was a preliminary investigation that aimed to examine the effects of rational emotive hospice care therapy (REHCT) on problematic assumptions, death anxiety, and psychological distress in a sample of cancer patients and their family caregivers in Nigeria. The study adopted a pre-posttest randomized control group design. Participants were community-dwelling cancer patients (n = 32) and their family caregivers (n = 52). The treatment process consisted of 10 weeks of full intervention and 4 weeks of follow-up meetings that marked the end of intervention. The study used repeated-measures analysis of variance for data analysis. The findings revealed significant effects of a REHCT intervention program on problematic assumptions, death anxiety, and psychological distress reduction among the cancer patients and their family caregivers at the end of the intervention. The improvements were also maintained at follow-up meetings in the treatment group compared with the control group who received the usual care and conventional counseling. The researchers have been able to show that REHCT intervention is more effective than a control therapy for cancer patients' care, education, and counseling in the Nigerian context.
27657099	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27657099	11	48	Rational-Emotive Hospice Care Therapy	T061	C1510571
27657099	52	75	Problematic Assumptions	T053	C4062079
27657099	77	90	Death Anxiety	T184	C0522179
27657099	96	118	Psychological Distress	T048	C0815107
27657099	124	130	Sample	T098	C1257890
27657099	134	140	Cancer	T191	C0006826
27657099	141	149	Patients	T101	C0030705
27657099	160	177	Family Caregivers	T099	C0086279
27657099	181	188	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27657099	194	199	study	T062	C2603343
27657099	206	217	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27657099	218	231	investigation	T058	C0220825
27657099	246	253	examine	T033	C0332128
27657099	258	268	effects of	T080	C1704420
27657099	269	306	rational emotive hospice care therapy	T061	C1510571
27657099	308	313	REHCT	T061	C1510571
27657099	318	341	problematic assumptions	T053	C4062079
27657099	343	356	death anxiety	T184	C0522179
27657099	362	384	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27657099	390	396	sample	T098	C1257890
27657099	400	406	cancer	T191	C0006826
27657099	407	415	patients	T101	C0030705
27657099	426	443	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
27657099	447	454	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27657099	460	465	study	T062	C2603343
27657099	476	488	pre-posttest	T170	C0032919
27657099	489	499	randomized	T062	C0034656
27657099	500	513	control group	T096	C0009932
27657099	514	520	design	T052	C1707689
27657099	522	534	Participants	T098	C0679646
27657099	540	558	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
27657099	559	565	cancer	T191	C0006826
27657099	566	574	patients	T101	C0030705
27657099	594	611	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
27657099	626	643	treatment process	T061	C0087111
27657099	660	665	weeks	T079	C0439230
27657099	669	673	full	T080	C0443225
27657099	674	686	intervention	T061	C0184661
27657099	693	698	weeks	T079	C0439230
27657099	702	711	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27657099	712	720	meetings	UnknownType	C0814453
27657099	726	732	marked	T080	C1706089
27657099	737	740	end	T080	C0205088
27657099	744	756	intervention	T061	C0184661
27657099	762	767	study	T062	C2603343
27657099	773	799	repeated-measures analysis	T062	C0871881
27657099	803	811	variance	T080	C1711260
27657099	816	829	data analysis	T057	C0010992
27657099	835	843	findings	T169	C2607943
27657099	844	852	revealed	T080	C0443289
27657099	853	864	significant	T078	C0750502
27657099	865	875	effects of	T080	C1704420
27657099	878	883	REHCT	T061	C1510571
27657099	884	904	intervention program	T061	C0184661
27657099	908	931	problematic assumptions	T053	C4062079
27657099	933	946	death anxiety	T184	C0522179
27657099	952	974	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27657099	975	984	reduction	T080	C0392756
27657099	995	1001	cancer	T191	C0006826
27657099	1002	1010	patients	T101	C0030705
27657099	1021	1038	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
27657099	1046	1049	end	T080	C0205088
27657099	1057	1069	intervention	T061	C0184661
27657099	1075	1087	improvements	T077	C2986411
27657099	1098	1108	maintained	T169	C1314677
27657099	1112	1121	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27657099	1122	1130	meetings	UnknownType	C0814453
27657099	1138	1147	treatment	T061	C0087111
27657099	1148	1153	group	T078	C0441833
27657099	1154	1162	compared	T052	C1707455
27657099	1172	1185	control group	T096	C0009932
27657099	1190	1198	received	T080	C1514756
27657099	1203	1208	usual	T080	C3538928
27657099	1209	1213	care	T052	C1947933
27657099	1218	1230	conventional	T080	C0439858
27657099	1231	1241	counseling	T058	C0010210
27657099	1247	1258	researchers	T097	C0035173
27657099	1287	1292	REHCT	T061	C1510571
27657099	1293	1305	intervention	T061	C0184661
27657099	1314	1323	effective	T080	C1704419
27657099	1331	1346	control therapy	T061	C0087111
27657099	1351	1357	cancer	T191	C0006826
27657099	1358	1367	patients'	T101	C0030705
27657099	1368	1372	care	T052	C1947933
27657099	1374	1383	education	T065	C0013621
27657099	1389	1399	counseling	T058	C0010210
27657099	1407	1415	Nigerian	T083	C0028075
27657099	1416	1423	context	T098	C1257890

27657150|t|Comparison of Very Low Energy Diet Products Available in Australia and How to Tailor Them to Optimise Protein Content for Younger and Older Adult Men and Women
27657150|a|Very low energy diets (VLED) are efficacious in inducing rapid weight loss but may not contain adequate macronutrients or micronutrients for individuals with varying nutritional requirements. Adequate protein intake during weight loss appears particularly important to help preserve fat free mass and control appetite, and low energy and carbohydrate content also contributes to appetite control. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the nutritional content (with a focus on protein), nutritional adequacy and cost of all commercially-available VLED brands in Australia. Nutritional content and cost were extracted and compared between brands and to the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) or adequate intake (AI) of macronutrients and micronutrients for men and women aged 19-70 years or >70 years. There was wide variability in the nutritional content, nutritional adequacy and cost of VLED brands. Most notably, even brands with the highest daily protein content, based on consuming three products/day (KicStart™ and Optislim(®), ~60 g/day), only met estimated protein requirements of the smallest and youngest women for whom a VLED would be indicated. Considering multiple options to optimise protein content, we propose that adding pure powdered protein is the most suitable option because it minimizes additional energy, carbohydrate and cost of VLEDs.
27657150	14	43	Very Low Energy Diet Products	T061	C0452268
27657150	57	66	Australia	T083	C0004340
27657150	102	109	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27657150	110	117	Content	T077	C0456205
27657150	122	129	Younger	T079	C0332239
27657150	134	139	Older	T079	C0580836
27657150	140	145	Adult	T100	C0001675
27657150	146	149	Men	T098	C0025266
27657150	154	159	Women	T098	C0043210
27657150	160	181	Very low energy diets	T061	C0452268
27657150	183	187	VLED	T061	C0452268
27657150	217	234	rapid weight loss	T033	C0750421
27657150	264	278	macronutrients	T077	C2346926
27657150	282	296	micronutrients	T123	C0282575
27657150	301	312	individuals	T098	C0237401
27657150	326	350	nutritional requirements	T032	C0028719
27657150	361	375	protein intake	T033	C0425424
27657150	383	394	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27657150	443	456	fat free mass	T033	C0424679
27657150	461	477	control appetite	T040	C0003622
27657150	483	518	low energy and carbohydrate content	T061	C0259836
27657150	539	555	appetite control	T040	C0003622
27657150	588	593	study	T062	C2603343
27657150	613	624	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27657150	625	632	content	T077	C0456205
27657150	650	657	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27657150	660	680	nutritional adequacy	T033	C0392209
27657150	685	689	cost	T081	C0010186
27657150	720	724	VLED	T061	C0452268
27657150	725	731	brands	T170	C0592503
27657150	735	744	Australia	T083	C0004340
27657150	746	757	Nutritional	T080	C1521739
27657150	758	765	content	T077	C0456205
27657150	770	774	cost	T081	C0010186
27657150	811	817	brands	T170	C0592503
27657150	829	855	Recommended Dietary Intake	T170	C0524787
27657150	857	860	RDI	T170	C0524787
27657150	865	880	adequate intake	T033	C0243095
27657150	882	884	AI	T033	C0243095
27657150	889	903	macronutrients	T077	C2346926
27657150	908	922	micronutrients	T123	C0282575
27657150	927	930	men	T098	C0025266
27657150	935	940	women	T098	C0043210
27657150	1006	1017	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27657150	1018	1025	content	T077	C0456205
27657150	1027	1047	nutritional adequacy	T032	C0028719
27657150	1060	1064	VLED	T061	C0452268
27657150	1065	1071	brands	T170	C0592503
27657150	1092	1098	brands	T170	C0592503
27657150	1122	1129	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27657150	1130	1137	content	T077	C0456205
27657150	1236	1256	protein requirements	T033	C0556043
27657150	1286	1291	women	T098	C0043210
27657150	1303	1307	VLED	T061	C0452268
27657150	1369	1376	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27657150	1377	1384	content	T077	C0456205
27657150	1414	1430	powdered protein	T168	C0784146
27657150	1499	1511	carbohydrate	T109	C0012170
27657150	1516	1520	cost	T081	C0010186
27657150	1524	1529	VLEDs	T061	C0452268

27658531|t|Tooth wear as a means to quantify intra-specific variations in diet and chewing movements
27658531|a|In mammals, tooth function, and its efficiency, depends both on the mechanical properties of the food and on chewing dynamics. These aspects have rarely been studied in combination and/or at the intra-specific level. Here we applied 3D dental surface texture analysis to a sample of field voles (Microtus agrestis) trapped from Finnish Lapland at different seasons and localities to test for inter-population variations. We also explored intra-individual variation in chewing dynamics by analysing two facets on the second upper molars. Our results confirm that the two localities have similar environments and that the voles feed on the same items there. On the other hand, the texture data suggest that diets are seasonally variable, probably due to varying concentrations of abrasives. Lastly, the textures on the buccal facets are more isotropic and their direction deviates more from the mesial chewing direction than the lingual facets. We interpret these results as reflecting food, rather than chewing, movements, where food particles are more guided on the lingual side of the molars. This has implications for the application of dental microwear analysis to fossils: only homologous facets can be compared, even when the molar row seems to constitute a functional unit.
27658531	0	10	Tooth wear	T037	C2717979
27658531	25	33	quantify	T081	C1709793
27658531	34	48	intra-specific	T080	C0205369
27658531	49	59	variations	T080	C0205419
27658531	63	67	diet	T168	C0012155
27658531	72	79	chewing	T042	C0024888
27658531	80	89	movements	T040	C0026649
27658531	93	100	mammals	T015	C0024660
27658531	102	107	tooth	T023	C0040426
27658531	108	116	function	T169	C0542341
27658531	126	136	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27658531	158	168	mechanical	T070	C0376706
27658531	169	179	properties	T080	C0871161
27658531	187	191	food	T168	C0016452
27658531	199	206	chewing	T042	C0024888
27658531	207	215	dynamics	T169	C0729333
27658531	223	230	aspects	T080	C1879746
27658531	248	255	studied	T062	C2603343
27658531	285	299	intra-specific	T080	C0205369
27658531	323	325	3D	T082	C0450363
27658531	326	332	dental	T023	C1550246
27658531	333	340	surface	T082	C0205148
27658531	341	348	texture	T080	C0449582
27658531	349	357	analysis	T062	C0936012
27658531	363	369	sample	T077	C2347026
27658531	373	384	field voles	T015	C0042947
27658531	386	403	Microtus agrestis	T015	C1002449
27658531	418	433	Finnish Lapland	T083	C0016132
27658531	447	454	seasons	T079	C0036497
27658531	459	469	localities	T083	C2828208
27658531	473	477	test	T169	C0039593
27658531	482	498	inter-population	T098	C1257890
27658531	499	509	variations	T080	C0205419
27658531	528	544	intra-individual	T098	C1257890
27658531	545	554	variation	T080	C0205419
27658531	558	565	chewing	T042	C0024888
27658531	566	574	dynamics	T169	C0729333
27658531	578	587	analysing	T062	C0936012
27658531	592	598	facets	T082	C0205148
27658531	606	625	second upper molars	T023	C4082818
27658531	631	638	results	T033	C0683954
27658531	660	670	localities	T083	C2828208
27658531	684	696	environments	T082	C0014406
27658531	710	715	voles	T015	C0042947
27658531	716	720	feed	T052	C2987508
27658531	769	776	texture	T080	C0449582
27658531	777	781	data	T078	C1511726
27658531	795	800	diets	T168	C0012155
27658531	816	824	variable	T080	C0439828
27658531	850	864	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27658531	868	877	abrasives	T120	C0450125
27658531	891	899	textures	T080	C0449582
27658531	907	920	buccal facets	T029	C1540415
27658531	930	939	isotropic	T067	C1882365
27658531	950	959	direction	T082	C0449738
27658531	960	968	deviates	T082	C0012727
27658531	983	989	mesial	T029	C1708982
27658531	990	997	chewing	T042	C0024888
27658531	998	1007	direction	T082	C0449738
27658531	1017	1024	lingual	T023	C0040408
27658531	1025	1031	facets	T082	C0205148
27658531	1036	1045	interpret	T169	C1285553
27658531	1052	1059	results	T033	C0683954
27658531	1074	1078	food	T168	C0016452
27658531	1092	1099	chewing	T042	C0024888
27658531	1101	1110	movements	T040	C0026649
27658531	1118	1132	food particles	T168	C0311119
27658531	1156	1163	lingual	T023	C0040408
27658531	1176	1182	molars	T023	C0026367
27658531	1229	1245	dental microwear	T037	C2717979
27658531	1246	1254	analysis	T062	C0936012
27658531	1258	1265	fossils	T167	C0016614
27658531	1272	1282	homologous	T032	C0301883
27658531	1283	1289	facets	T082	C0205148
27658531	1321	1326	molar	T023	C0026367
27658531	1353	1368	functional unit	T169	C0205245

27658949|t|Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance and Mechanism of Action of Five Hemostatic Agents Used in Neurosurgery
27658949|a|To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) image appearance of 5 hemostatic agents placed in the brain, and to review their clinical application. Descriptive ex vivo and in vivo study. Canine cadavers (n=4), client-owned dogs (n=4). Heads from 4 canine cadavers were used, each with 5 hemostatic agents placed in specific locations in the brain. Hemostatic agents were used in their native form in 2 cadaveric brains, and in 2 others the materials were saturated with fresh whole blood prior to placement to mimic application in a field of active hemorrhage. The heads underwent MR imaging and the images were reviewed. Postoperative MRI images from 4 dogs undergoing brain tumor resection were retrospectively reviewed and compared to the images from the cadavers. All clinical cases and cadaveric specimens underwent surgical closure prior to MR imaging including placement of titanium mesh over the craniotomy defect with a dural graft of porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) sealed with Tisseel (fibrin sealant). The SIS and Tisseel used in the dural graft were consistently indistinguishable from the surrounding tissues on MR images. The MR imaging appearance of the remaining 4 hemostatic agents (Gelfoam, Avitene, Surgicel, and Floseal) placed on the surface or in the parenchyma of canine brain, varied with MR sequence weighting and blood saturation. Accurate evaluation of the degree of brain tumor resection on postoperative MR images requires careful differentiation between hemorrhage, residual tumor, and hemostatic agents implanted.
27658949	0	26	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C0024485
27658949	27	37	Appearance	T080	C0700364
27658949	42	51	Mechanism	T169	C0441712
27658949	55	61	Action	T169	C0441472
27658949	65	69	Five	T081	C0205451
27658949	70	87	Hemostatic Agents	T121	C0019120
27658949	88	92	Used	T169	C1524063
27658949	96	108	Neurosurgery	T061	C0524850
27658949	112	120	describe	T078	C1552738
27658949	125	143	magnetic resonance	T070	C0917874
27658949	145	147	MR	T070	C0917874
27658949	149	154	image	T170	C1704254
27658949	155	165	appearance	T080	C0700364
27658949	171	188	hemostatic agents	T121	C0019120
27658949	189	198	placed in	T169	C0332286
27658949	203	208	brain	T023	C0006104
27658949	217	223	review	T169	C0699752
27658949	230	238	clinical	T080	C0205210
27658949	239	250	application	T169	C4048755
27658949	264	271	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27658949	276	283	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27658949	284	289	study	T062	C2603343
27658949	291	297	Canine	T015	C0012984
27658949	298	306	cadavers	T017	C0006629
27658949	314	326	client-owned	T096	C0008942
27658949	327	331	dogs	T015	C0012984
27658949	339	344	Heads	T029	C0018670
27658949	352	358	canine	T015	C0012984
27658949	359	367	cadavers	T017	C0006629
27658949	373	377	used	T169	C1524063
27658949	391	408	hemostatic agents	T121	C0019120
27658949	409	418	placed in	T169	C0332286
27658949	428	437	locations	T029	C0005898
27658949	445	450	brain	T023	C0006104
27658949	452	469	Hemostatic agents	T121	C0019120
27658949	475	479	used	T169	C1524063
27658949	489	495	native	T169	C0302891
27658949	496	500	form	T080	C0348078
27658949	506	515	cadaveric	T017	C0006629
27658949	516	522	brains	T023	C0006104
27658949	533	539	others	T080	C0205394
27658949	544	553	materials	T167	C0520510
27658949	559	568	saturated	T070	C0522534
27658949	574	579	fresh	T080	C0443224
27658949	580	591	whole blood	T031	C0370231
27658949	592	600	prior to	T079	C0332152
27658949	601	610	placement	T080	C1524072
27658949	620	631	application	T169	C4048755
27658949	637	642	field	T077	C1521738
27658949	646	652	active	T169	C0205177
27658949	653	663	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27658949	669	674	heads	T029	C0018670
27658949	685	695	MR imaging	T060	C0024485
27658949	704	710	images	T170	C1704254
27658949	716	724	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27658949	726	739	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
27658949	740	743	MRI	T060	C0024485
27658949	744	750	images	T170	C1704254
27658949	758	762	dogs	T015	C0012984
27658949	774	795	brain tumor resection	UnknownType	C0741639
27658949	801	816	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27658949	817	825	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27658949	830	838	compared	T052	C1707455
27658949	846	852	images	T170	C1704254
27658949	862	870	cadavers	T017	C0006629
27658949	876	890	clinical cases	T077	C1706256
27658949	895	904	cadaveric	T017	C0006629
27658949	905	914	specimens	T077	C2347026
27658949	925	941	surgical closure	T061	C0185003
27658949	942	950	prior to	T079	C0332152
27658949	951	961	MR imaging	T060	C0024485
27658949	962	971	including	T169	C0332257
27658949	972	981	placement	T080	C1524072
27658949	985	993	titanium	T196	C0040302
27658949	994	998	mesh	T074	C0181807
27658949	1008	1018	craniotomy	T061	C0010280
27658949	1019	1025	defect	T169	C1457869
27658949	1033	1044	dural graft	T061	C0863230
27658949	1048	1055	porcine	T015	C3665571
27658949	1056	1082	small intestinal submucosa	T024	C0227268
27658949	1084	1087	SIS	T024	C0227268
27658949	1089	1095	sealed	T169	C0349677
27658949	1101	1108	Tisseel	T116,T121	C0947703
27658949	1110	1124	fibrin sealant	T116,T121,T122	C0016004
27658949	1131	1134	SIS	T024	C0227268
27658949	1139	1146	Tisseel	T116,T121	C0947703
27658949	1147	1151	used	T169	C1524063
27658949	1159	1170	dural graft	T061	C0863230
27658949	1216	1227	surrounding	T082	C1282914
27658949	1228	1235	tissues	T024	C0040300
27658949	1239	1241	MR	T070	C0917874
27658949	1242	1248	images	T170	C1704254
27658949	1254	1264	MR imaging	T060	C0024485
27658949	1265	1275	appearance	T080	C0700364
27658949	1295	1312	hemostatic agents	T121	C0019120
27658949	1314	1321	Gelfoam	T074	C0918040
27658949	1323	1330	Avitene	T116,T121,T122	C0733516
27658949	1332	1340	Surgicel	T109,T122	C0075660
27658949	1346	1353	Floseal	T122	C0915825
27658949	1369	1376	surface	T082	C0205148
27658949	1387	1397	parenchyma	T023	C0933845
27658949	1401	1407	canine	T015	C0012984
27658949	1408	1413	brain	T023	C0006104
27658949	1427	1429	MR	T070	C0917874
27658949	1430	1438	sequence	T170	C1610719
27658949	1439	1448	weighting	T081	C0043100
27658949	1453	1458	blood	T031	C0005767
27658949	1459	1469	saturation	T070	C0522534
27658949	1471	1479	Accurate	T080	C0443131
27658949	1480	1490	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27658949	1498	1504	degree	T080	C0441889
27658949	1508	1529	brain tumor resection	UnknownType	C0741639
27658949	1533	1546	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27658949	1547	1549	MR	T070	C0917874
27658949	1550	1556	images	T170	C1704254
27658949	1557	1565	requires	T169	C1514873
27658949	1574	1589	differentiation	T169	C2945687
27658949	1590	1597	between	T082	C0205103
27658949	1598	1608	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27658949	1610	1624	residual tumor	T191	C0543478
27658949	1630	1647	hemostatic agents	T121	C0019120
27658949	1648	1657	implanted	T061	C0021107

27659183|t|Performance and safety of collagenated xenogeneic bone block for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation and staged implant placement. A monocenter, prospective single-arm clinical study
27659183|a|To assess the clinical safety and performance of collagenated xenogeneic bone block (CXBB) for lateral alveolar ridge augmentation and two-stage implant placement. In ten patients exhibiting a single - tooth gap, the surgical procedure included the preparation of mucoperiosteal flaps, a rigid fixation of CXBB (Geistlich Bio-Graft(®)) using an osteosynthesis screw, and contour augmentation. After 24 weeks of submerged healing, the primary endpoint was defined as the final ridge width sufficient to place an adequately dimensioned titanium implant at the respective sites. Secondary outcomes included, for example, the gain in ridge width (mm). Clinical parameters (e.g., bleeding on probing - BOP, probing depth - PD, mucosal recession - MR) were assessed immediately after the cementation of the crown and at the final visit. At 24 weeks, implant placement could be achieved in 8 of 10 patients exhibiting a mean gain in ridge width (mean ± SD) of 3.88 ± 1.75 mm. Histological analysis has pointed to a homogeneous osseous organization of CXBB. The changes of mean BOP, PD, and MR values at the final visit amounted to 16.62 ± 32.02%, 0.04 ± 0.21 mm, and -0.04 ± 0.12 mm, respectively. CXBB may be successfully used to support lateral alveolar ridge augmentation and two-stage implant placement.
27659183	0	11	Performance	T052	C1882330
27659183	16	22	safety	T080	C0086139
27659183	26	60	collagenated xenogeneic bone block	T122	C0181075
27659183	65	100	lateral alveolar ridge augmentation	T061	C0002387
27659183	105	129	staged implant placement	T061	C0021107
27659183	133	182	monocenter, prospective single-arm clinical study	T062	C2826346
27659183	186	192	assess	T058	C0184514
27659183	197	212	clinical safety	T080	C2826199
27659183	217	228	performance	T052	C1882330
27659183	232	266	collagenated xenogeneic bone block	T122	C0181075
27659183	268	272	CXBB	T122	C0181075
27659183	278	313	lateral alveolar ridge augmentation	T061	C0002387
27659183	318	327	two-stage	T079	C0574055
27659183	328	345	implant placement	T061	C0021107
27659183	354	362	patients	T101	C0030705
27659183	363	373	exhibiting	T078	C0449450
27659183	376	382	single	T081	C0205171
27659183	385	390	tooth	T023	C0040426
27659183	391	394	gap	T082	C3887622
27659183	400	418	surgical procedure	T061	C0543467
27659183	419	427	included	T052	C2700399
27659183	432	443	preparation	T052	C1521827
27659183	447	467	mucoperiosteal flaps	T017	C1881914
27659183	471	485	rigid fixation	T061	C0185023
27659183	489	493	CXBB	T122	C0181075
27659183	495	517	Geistlich Bio-Graft(®)	T170	C0282574
27659183	528	548	osteosynthesis screw	T074	C0005975
27659183	554	561	contour	T082	C0876954
27659183	562	574	augmentation	T061	C1293122
27659183	594	611	submerged healing	T040	C0043240
27659183	617	633	primary endpoint	T130	C2986535
27659183	653	658	final	T079	C3853528
27659183	659	664	ridge	T029	C0447361
27659183	665	670	width	T081	C0487742
27659183	671	681	sufficient	T080	C0205410
27659183	694	704	adequately	T080	C0205410
27659183	705	716	dimensioned	T081	C0439534
27659183	717	733	titanium implant	T061	C2165380
27659183	752	757	sites	T082	C0205145
27659183	759	777	Secondary outcomes	T080	C3274440
27659183	778	786	included	T052	C2700399
27659183	805	809	gain	T081	C1517378
27659183	813	818	ridge	T029	C0447361
27659183	819	824	width	T081	C0487742
27659183	831	850	Clinical parameters	T062	C2347800
27659183	858	877	bleeding on probing	T033	C2698524
27659183	880	883	BOP	T033	C2698524
27659183	885	898	probing depth	T081	C1317646
27659183	901	903	PD	T081	C1317646
27659183	905	922	mucosal recession	T190	C0333047
27659183	925	927	MR	T190	C0333047
27659183	934	942	assessed	T052	C1516048
27659183	965	989	cementation of the crown	T061	C0458893
27659183	1001	1012	final visit	T061	C0204309
27659183	1027	1044	implant placement	T061	C0021107
27659183	1054	1062	achieved	T052	C1706701
27659183	1074	1082	patients	T101	C0030705
27659183	1083	1093	exhibiting	T078	C0449450
27659183	1096	1100	mean	T081	C0444504
27659183	1101	1105	gain	T081	C1517378
27659183	1109	1114	ridge	T029	C0447361
27659183	1115	1120	width	T081	C0487742
27659183	1122	1126	mean	T081	C0444504
27659183	1129	1131	SD	T081	C0871420
27659183	1152	1164	Histological	T080	C0002809
27659183	1165	1173	analysis	T062	C0936012
27659183	1191	1202	homogeneous	T082	C0439713
27659183	1203	1210	osseous	T023	C0262950
27659183	1211	1223	organization	T169	C1300196
27659183	1227	1231	CXBB	T122	C0181075
27659183	1237	1244	changes	T169	C0392747
27659183	1248	1252	mean	T081	C0444504
27659183	1253	1256	BOP	T033	C2698524
27659183	1258	1260	PD	T081	C1317646
27659183	1266	1268	MR	T190	C0333047
27659183	1269	1275	values	T081	C1522609
27659183	1283	1294	final visit	T061	C0204309
27659183	1295	1303	amounted	T081	C1265611
27659183	1374	1378	CXBB	T122	C0181075
27659183	1386	1398	successfully	T080	C0679864
27659183	1407	1414	support	T077	C1521721
27659183	1415	1450	lateral alveolar ridge augmentation	T061	C0002387
27659183	1455	1464	two-stage	T079	C0574055
27659183	1465	1482	implant placement	T061	C0021107

27659310|t|Human cathelicidin LL-37 enhance the antibiofilm effect of EGCG on Streptococcus mutans
27659310|a|Streptococcus mutans forms biofilms as a resistance mechanism against antimicrobial agents in the human oral cavity. We recently showed that human cathelicidin LL-37 exhibits inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of S. mutans through interaction with lipoteichoic acid (LTA), but without antibacterial or biofilm dispersal abilities. (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant constituent of tea catechins that has the greatest anti-infective potential to inhibit the growth of various microorganisms and biofilm formation. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated whether LL-37 interacts with EGCG to enhance the antibiofilm effect of EGCG on S. mutans biofilm formation. Clinical S. mutans strains (n = 10) isolated from children's saliva were tested in a biofilm formation assay. The antibiofilm effect of EGCG with and without LL-37 was analyzed by the minimum biofilm eradication concentration assay and confirmed using field emission-scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the interaction among EGCG, LL-37, and LTA of S. mutans was determined using quartz crystal microbalance analysis. EGCG killed 100 % of planktonic S. mutans within 5 h, inhibited biofilm formation within 24 h, and reduced bacteria cells in preformed biofilms within 3 h at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL. However, EGCG did not appear to interact with LTA. LL-37 effectively enhanced the bactericidal activity of EGCG against biofilm formation and preformed biofilms as determined by quantitative crystal violet staining and field emission-scanning electron microscopy. In addition, quartz crystal microbalance analysis revealed that LL-37 interacted with EGCG and promoted binding between EGCG and LTA of S. mutans. We show that LL-37 enhances the antibiofilm effect of EGCG on S. mutans. This finding provides new knowledge for dental treatment by using LL-37 as a potential antibiofilm compound.
27659310	0	24	Human cathelicidin LL-37	T116,T121,T129	C3891304
27659310	37	55	antibiofilm effect	T033	C0243095
27659310	59	63	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	67	87	Streptococcus mutans	T007	C0038409
27659310	88	108	Streptococcus mutans	T007	C0038409
27659310	115	123	biofilms	T007	C0081786
27659310	129	139	resistance	T169	C4281815
27659310	140	149	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27659310	158	178	antimicrobial agents	T121	C1136254
27659310	186	191	human	T016	C0086418
27659310	192	203	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
27659310	229	253	human cathelicidin LL-37	T116,T121,T129	C3891304
27659310	263	281	inhibitory effects	T080	C1280500
27659310	285	302	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27659310	306	315	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27659310	324	335	interaction	T169	C1704675
27659310	341	358	lipoteichoic acid	T109	C0065067
27659310	360	363	LTA	T109	C0065067
27659310	378	391	antibacterial	T033	C0243095
27659310	395	402	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27659310	403	422	dispersal abilities	T082	C0332624
27659310	424	452	(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	454	458	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	496	499	tea	T168	C0039400
27659310	500	509	catechins	T109,T121	C0007404
27659310	532	556	anti-infective potential	T033	C0243095
27659310	560	578	inhibit the growth	T040	C2249823
27659310	590	604	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27659310	609	626	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27659310	657	666	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27659310	675	680	LL-37	T116,T121,T129	C3891304
27659310	696	700	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	716	734	antibiofilm effect	T033	C0243095
27659310	738	742	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	746	755	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27659310	756	773	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27659310	784	793	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27659310	794	801	strains	T001	C1518614
27659310	825	835	children's	T100	C0008059
27659310	836	842	saliva	T031	C0036087
27659310	848	854	tested	T169	C0039593
27659310	860	877	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27659310	878	883	assay	T059	C0005507
27659310	889	907	antibiofilm effect	T033	C0243095
27659310	911	915	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	933	938	LL-37	T116,T121,T129	C3891304
27659310	943	951	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27659310	967	974	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27659310	975	986	eradication	T080	C2700409
27659310	987	1000	concentration	T081	C1446561
27659310	1001	1006	assay	T059	C0005507
27659310	1033	1070	emission-scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27659310	1089	1100	interaction	T169	C1704675
27659310	1107	1111	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	1113	1118	LL-37	T116,T121,T129	C3891304
27659310	1124	1127	LTA	T109	C0065067
27659310	1131	1140	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27659310	1162	1198	quartz crystal microbalance analysis	T062	C2936414
27659310	1200	1204	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	1221	1231	planktonic	T007,T204	C0032071
27659310	1232	1241	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27659310	1264	1281	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27659310	1307	1321	bacteria cells	T007	C0004611
27659310	1335	1343	biofilms	T007	C0081786
27659310	1360	1373	concentration	T081	C1446561
27659310	1397	1401	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	1434	1437	LTA	T109	C0065067
27659310	1439	1444	LL-37	T116,T121,T129	C3891304
27659310	1470	1491	bactericidal activity	T039	C0544570
27659310	1495	1499	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	1508	1525	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27659310	1540	1548	biofilms	T007	C0081786
27659310	1566	1578	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27659310	1579	1593	crystal violet	T109,T121,T130	C0017440
27659310	1594	1602	staining	T059	C0487602
27659310	1613	1650	emission-scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27659310	1665	1701	quartz crystal microbalance analysis	T062	C2936414
27659310	1716	1721	LL-37	T116,T121,T129	C3891304
27659310	1722	1732	interacted	T169	C1704675
27659310	1738	1742	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	1756	1763	binding	T044	C1167622
27659310	1772	1776	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	1781	1784	LTA	T109	C0065067
27659310	1788	1797	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27659310	1812	1817	LL-37	T116,T121,T129	C3891304
27659310	1831	1849	antibiofilm effect	T033	C0243095
27659310	1853	1857	EGCG	T109,T121	C0059438
27659310	1861	1870	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27659310	1912	1928	dental treatment	T061	C0011331
27659310	1938	1943	LL-37	T116,T121,T129	C3891304
27659310	1959	1979	antibiofilm compound	T121	C1254351

27659457|t|Prognostic significance of blood pressure response during vasodilator stress Rb-82 positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging
27659457|a|A drop in blood pressure (BP) or blunted BP response is an established high-risk marker during exercise myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI); however, data are sparse regarding the prognostic value of BP response in patients undergoing vasodilator stress rubidium-82 (Rb-82) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) MPI. From the PET Prognosis Multicenter Registry, a cohort of 3413 patients underwent vasodilator stress Rb-82 PET MPI with dipyridamole or adenosine. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression to analyze the association with mortality of four BP variables: stress minus rest systolic BP (∆SBP), stress minus rest diastolic BP (∆DBP), resting systolic BP (rSBP), and resting diastolic BP (rDBP). Covariates that had univariate P values <.10 were entered into the multivariable model. After median 1.7 years follow-up, 270 patients died. In univariate analyses, ∆SBP (P = .082), rSBP (P = .008), and rDBP (P < .001) were of potential prognostic value (P < .10), but ∆DBP was not (P = .96). After adjustment for other clinical and MPI variables, ∆SBP no longer independently predicted mortality (P = .082); only lower rSBP (P = .026) and lower rDBP (P = .045) remained independently prognostic. In patients undergoing vasodilator stress MPI, only lower resting BP is an independent predictor of mortality along with other clinical and MPI variables; BP response does not appear to add to risk stratification in these patients.
27659457	0	10	Prognostic	T170	C0220901
27659457	11	23	significance	T078	C0750502
27659457	27	50	blood pressure response	T201	C1997183
27659457	58	140	vasodilator stress Rb-82 positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging	T060	C3525535
27659457	143	147	drop	T081	C0547047
27659457	151	165	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27659457	167	169	BP	T040	C0005823
27659457	174	181	blunted	T080	C1997138
27659457	182	184	BP	T040	C0005823
27659457	185	193	response	T032	C0871261
27659457	212	228	high-risk marker	T080	C1514475
27659457	236	244	exercise	T056	C0015259
27659457	245	273	myocardial perfusion imaging	T060	C2350390
27659457	275	278	MPI	T060	C2350390
27659457	290	294	data	T078	C1511726
27659457	320	330	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27659457	331	336	value	T081	C1522609
27659457	340	342	BP	T040	C0005823
27659457	343	351	response	T032	C0871261
27659457	355	363	patients	T101	C0030705
27659457	375	452	vasodilator stress rubidium-82 (Rb-82) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) MPI	T060	C3525535
27659457	444	447	PET	T060	C0032743
27659457	463	466	PET	T060	C0032743
27659457	467	497	Prognosis Multicenter Registry	T062	C0920631
27659457	501	507	cohort	T098	C0599755
27659457	516	524	patients	T101	C0030705
27659457	535	567	vasodilator stress Rb-82 PET MPI	T060	C3525535
27659457	573	585	dipyridamole	T109,T121	C0012582
27659457	589	598	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27659457	608	656	multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression	T080	C0681923
27659457	672	688	association with	T080	C0332281
27659457	689	698	mortality	T081	C0205848
27659457	707	709	BP	T040	C0005823
27659457	710	719	variables	T080	C0439828
27659457	721	727	stress	T033	C2039712
27659457	734	750	rest systolic BP	T033	C2039694
27659457	752	756	∆SBP	T060	C1306620
27659457	759	765	stress	T033	C2183325
27659457	772	789	rest diastolic BP	T033	C2183311
27659457	791	795	∆DBP	T060	C1306620
27659457	798	817	resting systolic BP	T033	C2036238
27659457	819	823	rSBP	T033	C2036238
27659457	830	850	resting diastolic BP	T033	C2036196
27659457	852	856	rDBP	T033	C2036196
27659457	859	869	Covariates	T080	C0205556
27659457	879	889	univariate	T080	C0205556
27659457	892	898	values	T081	C1522609
27659457	926	945	multivariable model	T081,T170	C0023965
27659457	953	959	median	T082	C2939193
27659457	964	969	years	T079	C0439234
27659457	985	993	patients	T101	C0030705
27659457	994	998	died	T033	C1306577
27659457	1003	1022	univariate analyses	T062	C0683962
27659457	1024	1028	∆SBP	T060	C1306620
27659457	1041	1045	rSBP	T033	C2036238
27659457	1062	1066	rDBP	T033	C2036196
27659457	1096	1106	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27659457	1107	1112	value	T081	C1522609
27659457	1128	1132	∆DBP	T060	C1306620
27659457	1179	1187	clinical	T080	C0205210
27659457	1192	1195	MPI	T060	C2350390
27659457	1196	1205	variables	T080	C0439828
27659457	1207	1211	∆SBP	T060	C1306620
27659457	1246	1255	mortality	T081	C0205848
27659457	1279	1283	rSBP	T033	C2036238
27659457	1305	1309	rDBP	T033	C2036196
27659457	1344	1354	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27659457	1359	1367	patients	T101	C0030705
27659457	1379	1401	vasodilator stress MPI	T060	C2350390
27659457	1414	1424	resting BP	T033	C0243095
27659457	1443	1452	predictor	T078	C2698872
27659457	1456	1465	mortality	T081	C0205848
27659457	1483	1491	clinical	T080	C0205210
27659457	1496	1499	MPI	T060	C2350390
27659457	1500	1509	variables	T080	C0439828
27659457	1511	1513	BP	T040	C0005823
27659457	1514	1522	response	T032	C0871261
27659457	1549	1553	risk	T078	C0035647
27659457	1554	1568	stratification	T062	C1514983
27659457	1578	1586	patients	T101	C0030705

27659547|t|The link between self-perceptions of aging, cancer view and physical and mental health of older people with cancer: A cross-sectional study
27659547|a|Older people may suffer from stigmas linked to cancer and aging. Although some studies suggested that a negative view of cancer may increase the level of depression, such an association has never been studied in the elderly population. Similarly, even though it is established that a negative self-perception of aging has deleterious consequences on mental and physical health in normal aging, the influence in pathological contexts, such as oncology, has not been studied. The main aim of this study is thus to analyze the effect of these two stigmas on the health of elderly oncology patients. 101 patients suffering from a cancer (breast, gynecological, lung or hematological) were seen as soon as possible after their diagnosis. Their self-perception of age, cancer view and health (physical and mental) was assessed. Multiple regressions showed that patients with a more negative self-perception of aging and/or more negative cancer view reported poorer global health. We also observed that negative self-perception of aging was associated with worse physical and mental health, whereas negative cancer views were only linked to worse mental health. No interaction was observed between these two stigmas, suggesting that their action is independent. Older patients with cancer face double stigmatization, due to negative self-perception of aging and cancer, and these stigmas have impacts on global and mental health. Self-perception of aging is also linked to physical health. Longitudinal studies will be necessary to analyze the direction of the association between this double stigmatization and health.
27659547	17	33	self-perceptions	T041	C0242498
27659547	37	42	aging	T040	C0001811
27659547	44	50	cancer	T191	C0006826
27659547	60	68	physical	T169	C0205485
27659547	73	86	mental health	T041	C0025353
27659547	90	102	older people	T098	C3826770
27659547	108	114	cancer	T191	C0006826
27659547	116	139	A cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27659547	140	152	Older people	T098	C3826770
27659547	169	176	stigmas	T048	C0011570
27659547	187	193	cancer	T191	C0006826
27659547	198	203	aging	T040	C0001811
27659547	219	226	studies	T062	C2603343
27659547	244	252	negative	T033	C0205160
27659547	253	257	view	T082	C0449911
27659547	261	267	cancer	T191	C0006826
27659547	285	304	level of depression	T033	C1319226
27659547	341	348	studied	T062	C2603343
27659547	356	374	elderly population	T098	C0001792
27659547	424	432	negative	T033	C0205160
27659547	433	448	self-perception	T041	C0242498
27659547	452	457	aging	T040	C0001811
27659547	474	486	consequences	T169	C0686907
27659547	490	496	mental	T041	C0025353
27659547	501	516	physical health	T033	C4060919
27659547	527	532	aging	T040	C0001811
27659547	551	563	pathological	T169	C1521733
27659547	564	572	contexts	T078	C0449255
27659547	582	590	oncology	T191	C0027651
27659547	652	659	analyze	T062	C0936012
27659547	684	691	stigmas	T048	C0011570
27659547	699	705	health	T078	C0018684
27659547	709	716	elderly	T098	C0001792
27659547	717	725	oncology	T191	C0027651
27659547	726	734	patients	T101	C0030705
27659547	740	748	patients	T101	C0030705
27659547	766	772	cancer	T191	C0006826
27659547	774	780	breast	T191	C0006142
27659547	782	795	gynecological	T047	C0017411
27659547	797	801	lung	T191	C0242379
27659547	805	818	hematological	T047	C0018939
27659547	862	871	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27659547	879	894	self-perception	T041	C0242498
27659547	898	901	age	T032	C0001779
27659547	903	909	cancer	T191	C0006826
27659547	919	925	health	T078	C0018684
27659547	927	935	physical	T033	C4060919
27659547	940	946	mental	T041	C0025353
27659547	971	982	regressions	T041	C0684321
27659547	995	1003	patients	T101	C0030705
27659547	1016	1024	negative	T033	C0205160
27659547	1025	1040	self-perception	T041	C0242498
27659547	1044	1049	aging	T040	C0001811
27659547	1062	1070	negative	T033	C0205160
27659547	1071	1077	cancer	T191	C0006826
27659547	1092	1098	poorer	T080	C2700379
27659547	1099	1112	global health	T091	C1456573
27659547	1136	1144	negative	T033	C0205160
27659547	1145	1160	self-perception	T041	C0242498
27659547	1164	1169	aging	T040	C0001811
27659547	1174	1189	associated with	T080	C0332281
27659547	1196	1204	physical	T033	C4060919
27659547	1209	1222	mental health	T041	C0025353
27659547	1232	1240	negative	T033	C0205160
27659547	1241	1247	cancer	T191	C0006826
27659547	1280	1293	mental health	T041	C0025353
27659547	1341	1348	stigmas	T048	C0011570
27659547	1382	1393	independent	T078	C0085862
27659547	1401	1409	patients	T101	C0030705
27659547	1415	1421	cancer	T191	C0006826
27659547	1434	1448	stigmatization	T078	C0038330
27659547	1457	1465	negative	T033	C0205160
27659547	1466	1481	self-perception	T041	C0242498
27659547	1485	1490	aging	T040	C0001811
27659547	1495	1501	cancer	T191	C0006826
27659547	1513	1520	stigmas	T048	C0011570
27659547	1548	1561	mental health	T041	C0025353
27659547	1563	1578	Self-perception	T041	C0242498
27659547	1582	1587	aging	T040	C0001811
27659547	1606	1621	physical health	T033	C4060919
27659547	1623	1643	Longitudinal studies	T062	C0023981
27659547	1665	1672	analyze	T062	C0936012
27659547	1726	1740	stigmatization	T078	C0038330
27659547	1745	1751	health	T078	C0018684

27659602|t|The Aortic Root: Natural History After Root-Sparing Ascending Replacement in Nonsyndromic Aneurysmal Patients
27659602|a|Leaving native aortic tissue in situ in root-sparing ascending aortic replacement raises concern regarding potential later need for root reoperation or for the potential occurrence of localized dissections or rupture in the residual root. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural growth of the aortic root after root-sparing aortic replacement. In all, 102 consecutive patients (mean age 61.8 ± 12.5 years; 60% male) who had undergone root-sparing aortic replacement had sufficient retrievable information regarding their aortic root diameter at postoperative baseline and follow-up imaging by computed tomography or echocardiography. The annual growth rate was evaluated and also compared according to the influence of valve morphology and concomitant aortic valve replacement. Furthermore, the years of natural history that would require for root enlargement to meet a 50 mm threshold of the root diameter were calculated. The estimated growth rate of the aortic root after root-sparing aortic replacement is between 0.27 and 0.51 mm per year (mean 0.41 mm, varying according to the underlying diameter) and therefore fivefold less than other aortic regions. Accordingly, a root aneurysm indicating reoperation would not be expected for 29.1 years on average. Only patients with a diameter of 45 mm or more are at risk for reoperation, and not until at least after 10.4 years have passed. Neither the valve morphology (p = 0.62) nor concomitant aortic valve replacement (p = 0.86) influenced rate of root dilation. In nonsyndromic patients, the aortic root is the slowest growing portion of the thoracic aorta. Leaving the native root, as in root-sparing ascending aortic replacement, is a safe approach regarding secondary root intervention for aortic root diameters of 45 mm or less.
27659602	4	15	Aortic Root	T029	C0549113
27659602	17	32	Natural History	T090	C0175860
27659602	39	73	Root-Sparing Ascending Replacement	T061	C0729662
27659602	77	89	Nonsyndromic	T033	C2677304
27659602	90	109	Aneurysmal Patients	T101	C0030705
27659602	118	124	native	T169	C0302891
27659602	125	138	aortic tissue	T024	C0040300
27659602	139	146	in situ	T082	C0444498
27659602	150	191	root-sparing ascending aortic replacement	T061	C0729662
27659602	199	206	concern	T078	C2699424
27659602	217	226	potential	T080	C3245505
27659602	227	232	later	T079	C0205087
27659602	233	237	need	T080	C0027552
27659602	242	246	root	T029	C0549113
27659602	247	258	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27659602	270	279	potential	T080	C3245505
27659602	280	290	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27659602	294	303	localized	T082	C0392752
27659602	304	315	dissections	T047	C0340643
27659602	319	326	rupture	T037	C3203359
27659602	334	342	residual	T080	C1609982
27659602	343	347	root	T029	C0549113
27659602	353	374	purpose of this study	UnknownType	C0681832
27659602	382	390	evaluate	T058	C0184514
27659602	395	409	natural growth	T040	C0018270
27659602	417	428	aortic root	T029	C0549113
27659602	435	466	root-sparing aortic replacement	T061	C0729662
27659602	480	491	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27659602	492	500	patients	T101	C0030705
27659602	502	506	mean	T081	C0444504
27659602	507	510	age	T032	C0001779
27659602	523	528	years	T079	C0439234
27659602	534	538	male	T098	C0025266
27659602	558	589	root-sparing aortic replacement	T061	C0729662
27659602	594	604	sufficient	T080	C0205410
27659602	605	628	retrievable information	T078	C1533716
27659602	645	656	aortic root	T029	C0549113
27659602	657	665	diameter	T081	C1301886
27659602	669	682	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27659602	683	691	baseline	T081	C1442488
27659602	696	705	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27659602	706	713	imaging	T060	C0079595
27659602	717	736	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27659602	740	756	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
27659602	762	768	annual	T079	C0332181
27659602	769	780	growth rate	T079	C0449249
27659602	785	794	evaluated	T052	C1516048
27659602	804	812	compared	T052	C1707455
27659602	830	839	influence	T077	C4054723
27659602	843	859	valve morphology	T080	C0332437
27659602	864	875	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27659602	876	900	aortic valve replacement	T061	C0003506
27659602	919	924	years	T079	C0439234
27659602	928	943	natural history	T090	C0175860
27659602	955	962	require	T169	C1514873
27659602	967	971	root	T029	C0549113
27659602	972	983	enlargement	T190	C2711450
27659602	997	999	mm	T081	C0439200
27659602	1000	1009	threshold	T080	C0449864
27659602	1017	1021	root	T029	C0549113
27659602	1022	1030	diameter	T081	C1301886
27659602	1036	1046	calculated	T052	C1441506
27659602	1052	1061	estimated	T081	C0750572
27659602	1062	1073	growth rate	T079	C0449249
27659602	1081	1092	aortic root	T029	C0549113
27659602	1099	1130	root-sparing aortic replacement	T061	C0729662
27659602	1156	1158	mm	T081	C0439200
27659602	1159	1167	per year	T079	C0439508
27659602	1169	1173	mean	T081	C0444504
27659602	1179	1181	mm	T081	C0439200
27659602	1208	1227	underlying diameter	T081	C1301886
27659602	1252	1261	less than	T081	C0439092
27659602	1268	1282	aortic regions	T029	C0225914
27659602	1299	1312	root aneurysm	T047	C1298820
27659602	1324	1335	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27659602	1349	1357	expected	T170	C1517001
27659602	1367	1372	years	T079	C0439234
27659602	1376	1383	average	T081	C1510992
27659602	1390	1398	patients	T101	C0030705
27659602	1406	1414	diameter	T081	C1301886
27659602	1421	1423	mm	T081	C0439200
27659602	1436	1443	at risk	T080	C1444641
27659602	1448	1459	reoperation	T061	C0035110
27659602	1469	1474	until	T170	C1720302
27659602	1484	1489	after	T079	C0687676
27659602	1495	1500	years	T079	C0439234
27659602	1501	1512	have passed	T033	C2828386
27659602	1514	1521	Neither	T080	C4284892
27659602	1526	1542	valve morphology	T080	C0332437
27659602	1558	1569	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27659602	1570	1594	aortic valve replacement	T061	C0003506
27659602	1606	1616	influenced	T077	C4054723
27659602	1617	1621	rate	T081	C1521828
27659602	1625	1638	root dilation	T047	C1866956
27659602	1643	1655	nonsyndromic	T033	C2677304
27659602	1656	1664	patients	T101	C0030705
27659602	1670	1681	aortic root	T029	C0549113
27659602	1689	1696	slowest	T080	C0439834
27659602	1697	1704	growing	T040	C0018270
27659602	1705	1712	portion	T082	C0449719
27659602	1720	1734	thoracic aorta	T023	C1522460
27659602	1748	1754	native	T169	C0302891
27659602	1755	1759	root	T029	C0549113
27659602	1767	1808	root-sparing ascending aortic replacement	T061	C0729662
27659602	1815	1828	safe approach	T082	C0449445
27659602	1839	1853	secondary root	T029	C0549113
27659602	1854	1866	intervention	T061	C0184661
27659602	1871	1882	aortic root	T029	C0549113
27659602	1883	1892	diameters	T081	C1301886
27659602	1899	1901	mm	T081	C0439200

27659794|t|Carbon nanotube -based self-adhesive polymer electrodes for wireless long-term recording of electrocardiogram signals
27659794|a|In this study, the concept of polymer electrodes integrated with a wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) system was described. Polymer electrodes for long-term ECG measurements were fabricated by loading high content of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in polydimethylsiloxane. Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were added to increase the flexibility of the polymer and the conductivity of the electrode. An ECG electrode patch was fabricated by integrating the electrodes with an adhesive polydimethylsiloxane (aPDMS) layer. Holes in the electrode filled with aPDMS can enable robust contact between the electrode and skin, reducing motion artifacts. A wireless ECG measurement system was developed and adapted to the polymer electrodes. The polymer electrodes combined with the measurement system were successfully applied in wireless, long-term recording of ECG signals. An eleven- day continuous test showed that the ECG signal did not degrade over time. The results of attach/detach tests demonstrated that the ECG signal was affected by motion artifacts after six attach/detach cycles. The electrodes produced are flexible and exhibit good ECG performance, and therefore can be used in wearable medical monitoring systems. The approach proposed in this study holds significant promise for commercial application in medical fields.
27659794	0	15	Carbon nanotube	T104	C1138408
27659794	23	36	self-adhesive	T122	C1258487
27659794	37	44	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27659794	45	55	electrodes	T074	C4067882
27659794	60	68	wireless	T074	C0872305
27659794	69	78	long-term	T079	C0443252
27659794	79	88	recording	T080	C2355580
27659794	92	117	electrocardiogram signals	T033	C0013798
27659794	148	155	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27659794	156	166	electrodes	T074	C4067882
27659794	185	193	wireless	T074	C0872305
27659794	194	211	electrocardiogram	T033	C0013798
27659794	213	216	ECG	T033	C0013798
27659794	218	224	system	T169	C0449913
27659794	240	247	Polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27659794	248	258	electrodes	T074	C4067882
27659794	263	272	long-term	T079	C0443252
27659794	273	289	ECG measurements	T081	C3642352
27659794	309	316	loading	T052	C1708715
27659794	333	349	carbon nanotubes	T104	C1138408
27659794	351	355	CNTs	T104	C1138408
27659794	360	380	polydimethylsiloxane	T109,T122	C0137758
27659794	382	388	Silver	T196	C0037125
27659794	389	402	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27659794	404	410	Ag NPs	T073	C1721060
27659794	426	434	increase	T169	C0442805
27659794	439	450	flexibility	T080	C0242808
27659794	458	465	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27659794	474	486	conductivity	T081	C0013777
27659794	494	503	electrode	T074	C4067882
27659794	508	511	ECG	T033	C0013798
27659794	512	521	electrode	T074	C4067882
27659794	562	572	electrodes	T074	C4067882
27659794	581	610	adhesive polydimethylsiloxane	T109,T122	C0137758
27659794	612	617	aPDMS	T109,T122	C0137758
27659794	619	624	layer	T080	C1522408
27659794	626	631	Holes	T082	C1254362
27659794	639	648	electrode	T074	C4067882
27659794	649	655	filled	T052	C1708059
27659794	661	666	aPDMS	T109,T122	C0137758
27659794	678	684	robust	T080	C2986815
27659794	685	692	contact	T169	C0332158
27659794	705	714	electrode	T074	C4067882
27659794	719	723	skin	T022	C1123023
27659794	725	733	reducing	T080	C0392756
27659794	734	750	motion artifacts	T033	C2828087
27659794	754	762	wireless	T074	C0872305
27659794	763	778	ECG measurement	T081	C3642352
27659794	779	785	system	T169	C0449913
27659794	819	826	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27659794	827	837	electrodes	T074	C4067882
27659794	843	850	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27659794	851	861	electrodes	T074	C4067882
27659794	862	870	combined	T080	C0205195
27659794	880	891	measurement	T169	C0242485
27659794	892	898	system	T169	C0449913
27659794	928	936	wireless	T074	C0872305
27659794	938	947	long-term	T079	C0443252
27659794	948	957	recording	T080	C2355580
27659794	961	972	ECG signals	T060	C0199591
27659794	985	988	day	T079	C0439228
27659794	989	999	continuous	T078	C0549178
27659794	1000	1004	test	T170	C0392366
27659794	1021	1031	ECG signal	T060	C0199591
27659794	1053	1057	time	T079	C0040223
27659794	1074	1093	attach/detach tests	T170	C0392366
27659794	1116	1126	ECG signal	T060	C0199591
27659794	1131	1139	affected	T169	C0392760
27659794	1143	1159	motion artifacts	T033	C2828087
27659794	1170	1190	attach/detach cycles	T079	C1511572
27659794	1196	1206	electrodes	T074	C0013812
27659794	1220	1228	flexible	T080	C0443220
27659794	1241	1245	good	T080	C0205170
27659794	1246	1249	ECG	T033	C0013798
27659794	1250	1261	performance	T052	C1882330
27659794	1292	1327	wearable medical monitoring systems	T074	C0025080
27659794	1421	1435	medical fields	T077	C1254372

27660087|t|Childhood hyperactivity and mood problems at mid-life: evidence from a prospective birth cohort
27660087|a|Childhood hyperactivity leads to mental health problems, but it is not known whether there are long-term risks for adult mood problems in unselected population cohorts that extend to mid-life. Aims were to examine links between childhood hyperactivity and mood problems up to age 50 years and to consider confounding factors and gender differences in associations. The National Child Development Study (NCDS) is a UK cohort of children born in 1958. Children with (N = 453) and without (N = 9192) pervasive and persistent hyperactivity were followed to age 50. Adult mood was assessed using the Malaise Inventory at ages 23, 33, 42, and 50 years and the CIS-R interview at 45 years. Childhood hyperactivity predicted low mood at all adult assessments (ES = 0.27-0.45), including after covariate adjustment (childhood adversity, emotional and behavioural problems, and attainment). Hyperactivity has enduring risk effects on low mood throughout the life course that extend to middle age.
27660087	0	9	Childhood	T079	C0231335
27660087	10	23	hyperactivity	T048	C0424295
27660087	28	41	mood problems	T033	C3843046
27660087	45	53	mid-life	T079	C0026062
27660087	55	63	evidence	T078	C3887511
27660087	71	82	prospective	T062	C0033522
27660087	83	95	birth cohort	T081	C1706962
27660087	96	105	Childhood	T079	C0231335
27660087	106	119	hyperactivity	T048	C0424295
27660087	129	142	mental health	T041	C0025353
27660087	143	151	problems	T033	C0033213
27660087	191	200	long-term	T079	C0443252
27660087	201	206	risks	T078	C0035647
27660087	211	216	adult	T100	C0001675
27660087	217	230	mood problems	T033	C3843046
27660087	245	263	population cohorts	T098	C1257890
27660087	279	287	mid-life	T079	C0026062
27660087	324	333	childhood	T079	C0231335
27660087	334	347	hyperactivity	T048	C0424295
27660087	352	365	mood problems	T033	C3843046
27660087	372	375	age	T032	C0001779
27660087	379	384	years	T079	C0439234
27660087	401	420	confounding factors	T169	C0009673
27660087	425	443	gender differences	T032	C0036866
27660087	465	497	National Child Development Study	T170	C0282574
27660087	499	503	NCDS	T170	C0282574
27660087	510	512	UK	T083	C0041700
27660087	513	519	cohort	T098	C0599755
27660087	523	531	children	T100	C0008059
27660087	532	536	born	T040	C0005615
27660087	546	554	Children	T100	C0008059
27660087	593	602	pervasive	T082	C0205391
27660087	607	617	persistent	T079	C0205322
27660087	618	631	hyperactivity	T048	C0424295
27660087	649	652	age	T032	C0001779
27660087	657	662	Adult	T100	C0001675
27660087	663	667	mood	T041	C0026516
27660087	672	680	assessed	T052	C1516048
27660087	691	708	Malaise Inventory	T170	C0282574
27660087	712	716	ages	T032	C0001779
27660087	736	741	years	T079	C0439234
27660087	750	765	CIS-R interview	T052	C0021822
27660087	772	777	years	T079	C0439234
27660087	779	788	Childhood	T079	C0231335
27660087	789	802	hyperactivity	T048	C0424295
27660087	813	821	low mood	T033	C0344315
27660087	829	834	adult	T100	C0001675
27660087	835	846	assessments	T058	C1261322
27660087	881	890	covariate	T080	C0205556
27660087	891	901	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27660087	903	912	childhood	T079	C0231335
27660087	913	922	adversity	T077	C3900081
27660087	924	933	emotional	T048	C0677660
27660087	938	958	behavioural problems	T048	C0233514
27660087	964	974	attainment	T053	C0001072
27660087	977	990	Hyperactivity	T048	C0424295
27660087	1004	1008	risk	T078	C0035647
27660087	1009	1016	effects	T080	C1280500
27660087	1020	1028	low mood	T033	C0344315
27660087	1044	1055	life course	T079	C1510618
27660087	1071	1081	middle age	T079	C0026062

27660194|t|Physical Exercise for Late-Life Depression: Effects on Heart Rate Variability
27660194|a|Late-life major depression is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and impaired autonomic control of the heart, as evident from reduced heart rate variability (HRV). Moreover, antidepressant drug therapy also might be associated with further reductions of HRV. In the SEEDS study, we investigated whether sertraline associated with physical exercise protocols led to improvements of HRV, compared with antidepressant drug therapy alone. Single-blind randomized controlled trial. Psychiatric consultation -liaison program for primary care. Patients aged 65-85 years with major depression, recruited from primary care. Sertraline plus structured, tailored group physical exercise (S + EX) versus sertraline alone (S) for 24 weeks. HRV indices (RR, percentage of NN intervals greater than 50 msec [pNN50], square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals [RMSSD], standard deviation of heart rate [SDHR], standard deviation of the NN interval [SDNN], high-frequency band [HF], low-frequency band [LF], and their ratio [LF/HF]) were measured at baseline, week 12, and week 24. Psychiatric and medical assessments. Participants displayed significant improvements of most HRV indices over time, irrespective of the group assignment (pNN50, RMSSD, SDHR, SDNN, HF, LF, and LF/HF). Moreover, patients in the S + EX group displayed greater increases of different HRV indices (RR, pNN50, RMSSD, SDHR, SDNN, HF, and LF) compared with those in the S group. The combination of structured physical exercise and sertraline might exert positive effects on the autonomic control of the heart among older patients with major depression.
27660194	0	17	Physical Exercise	T056	C0015259
27660194	22	31	Late-Life	T079	C2362314
27660194	32	42	Depression	T048	C0011581
27660194	44	51	Effects	T080	C1280500
27660194	55	65	Heart Rate	T201	C0018810
27660194	66	77	Variability	T077	C2827666
27660194	78	87	Late-life	T079	C2362314
27660194	88	104	major depression	T048	C1269683
27660194	108	123	associated with	T080	C0332281
27660194	124	133	increased	T081	C0205217
27660194	134	153	cardiovascular risk	T033	C1113685
27660194	158	197	impaired autonomic control of the heart	T047	C0018799
27660194	215	222	reduced	T080	C0392756
27660194	223	233	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27660194	234	245	variability	T077	C2827666
27660194	247	250	HRV	T077	C2827666
27660194	263	282	antidepressant drug	T121	C0003289
27660194	283	290	therapy	T061	C0087111
27660194	305	320	associated with	T080	C0332281
27660194	329	339	reductions	T080	C0392756
27660194	343	346	HRV	T077	C2827666
27660194	355	366	SEEDS study	T062	C2603343
27660194	392	402	sertraline	T109,T121	C0074393
27660194	403	418	associated with	T080	C0332281
27660194	419	436	physical exercise	T056	C0015259
27660194	454	466	improvements	T077	C2986411
27660194	470	473	HRV	T077	C2827666
27660194	489	508	antidepressant drug	T121	C0003289
27660194	509	516	therapy	T061	C0087111
27660194	524	536	Single-blind	T062	C0037181
27660194	537	564	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27660194	566	590	Psychiatric consultation	T073,T170	C1548378
27660194	612	624	primary care	T058	C0033137
27660194	626	634	Patients	T101	C0030705
27660194	657	673	major depression	T048	C1269683
27660194	690	702	primary care	T058	C0033137
27660194	704	714	Sertraline	T109,T121	C0074393
27660194	732	746	tailored group	UnknownType	C0681860
27660194	747	764	physical exercise	T056	C0015259
27660194	766	772	S + EX	UnknownType	C0681860
27660194	781	791	sertraline	T109,T121	C0074393
27660194	809	814	weeks	T079	C0439230
27660194	816	819	HRV	T077	C2827666
27660194	820	827	indices	T170	C0918012
27660194	833	880	percentage of NN intervals greater than 50 msec	T081	C0392762
27660194	882	887	pNN50	T081	C0392762
27660194	890	960	square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals	T081	C0392762
27660194	962	967	RMSSD	T081	C0392762
27660194	970	988	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27660194	992	1002	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27660194	1004	1008	SDHR	T081	C0871420
27660194	1011	1048	standard deviation of the NN interval	T081	C0871420
27660194	1050	1054	SDNN	T081	C0871420
27660194	1057	1076	high-frequency band	T081	C0392762
27660194	1078	1080	HF	T081	C0392762
27660194	1083	1101	low-frequency band	T081	C0392762
27660194	1103	1105	LF	T081	C0392762
27660194	1118	1123	ratio	T081	C0456603
27660194	1125	1130	LF/HF	T081	C0456603
27660194	1138	1146	measured	T080	C0444706
27660194	1150	1158	baseline	T081	C1442488
27660194	1160	1164	week	T079	C0439230
27660194	1173	1177	week	T079	C0439230
27660194	1182	1193	Psychiatric	T060	C0846574
27660194	1198	1217	medical assessments	T058	C0582103
27660194	1219	1231	Participants	T098	C0679646
27660194	1254	1266	improvements	T077	C2986411
27660194	1275	1278	HRV	T077	C2827666
27660194	1279	1286	indices	T170	C0918012
27660194	1336	1341	pNN50	T081	C0392762
27660194	1343	1348	RMSSD	T081	C0392762
27660194	1350	1354	SDHR	T081	C0871420
27660194	1356	1360	SDNN	T081	C0871420
27660194	1362	1364	HF	T081	C0392762
27660194	1366	1368	LF	T081	C0392762
27660194	1374	1379	LF/HF	T081	C0456603
27660194	1392	1400	patients	T101	C0030705
27660194	1408	1420	S + EX group	UnknownType	C0681860
27660194	1439	1448	increases	T169	C0442805
27660194	1462	1465	HRV	T077	C2827666
27660194	1466	1473	indices	T170	C0918012
27660194	1475	1477	RR	T081	C0392762
27660194	1479	1484	pNN50	T081	C0392762
27660194	1486	1491	RMSSD	T081	C0392762
27660194	1493	1497	SDHR	T081	C0871420
27660194	1499	1503	SDNN	T081	C0871420
27660194	1505	1507	HF	T081	C0392762
27660194	1513	1515	LF	T081	C0392762
27660194	1544	1551	S group	UnknownType	C0681860
27660194	1557	1568	combination	T080	C0205195
27660194	1583	1600	physical exercise	T056	C0015259
27660194	1605	1615	sertraline	T109,T121	C0074393
27660194	1628	1636	positive	T033	C1446409
27660194	1637	1644	effects	T080	C1280500
27660194	1652	1682	autonomic control of the heart	T042	C0232164
27660194	1695	1703	patients	T101	C0030705
27660194	1709	1725	major depression	T048	C1269683

27660323|t|Safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid in bleeding paediatric trauma patients: a systematic review protocol
27660323|a|Trauma is the leading cause of death among children aged 1-18. Studies indicate that better control of bleeding could potentially prevent 10-20% of trauma -related deaths. The antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TxA) has shown promise in haemorrhage control in adult trauma patients. However, information on the potential benefits of TxA in children remains sparse. This review proposes to evaluate the current uses, benefits and adverse effects of TxA in the bleeding paediatric trauma population. A structured search of bibliographic databases (eg, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL) has been undertaken to retrieve randomised controlled trials and cohort studies that describe the use of TxA in paediatric trauma patients. To ensure that all relevant data were captured, the search did not contain any restrictions on language or publication time. After deduplication, citations will be screened independently by 2 authors, and selected for inclusion based on prespecified criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be performed independently and in duplicate. Meta-analytic methods will be employed wherever appropriate. This study will not involve primary data collection, and formal ethical approval will therefore not be required. The findings of this study will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and at relevant conference meetings. CRD42016038023.
27660323	0	6	Safety	T068	C0036043
27660323	11	19	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27660323	23	38	tranexamic acid	T109,T121	C0040613
27660323	42	50	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27660323	51	68	paediatric trauma	T037	C3714660
27660323	69	77	patients	T101	C0030705
27660323	81	98	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27660323	99	107	protocol	T170	C0442711
27660323	108	114	Trauma	T037	C3714660
27660323	130	135	cause	T169	C0015127
27660323	139	144	death	T033	C1306577
27660323	151	159	children	T100	C0008059
27660323	200	207	control	T080	C0243148
27660323	211	219	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27660323	238	245	prevent	T080	C2700409
27660323	256	262	trauma	T037	C3714660
27660323	272	278	deaths	T033	C1306577
27660323	284	306	antifibrinolytic agent	T121	C0003304
27660323	307	322	tranexamic acid	T109,T121	C0040613
27660323	324	327	TxA	T109,T121	C0040613
27660323	350	361	haemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27660323	362	369	control	T080	C0243148
27660323	373	378	adult	T100	C0001675
27660323	379	385	trauma	T037	C3714660
27660323	386	394	patients	T101	C0030705
27660323	434	442	benefits	T081	C0086387
27660323	446	449	TxA	T109,T121	C0040613
27660323	453	461	children	T100	C0008059
27660323	483	489	review	T170	C0282443
27660323	523	527	uses	T169	C0457083
27660323	529	537	benefits	T081	C0086387
27660323	542	557	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27660323	561	564	TxA	T109,T121	C0040613
27660323	572	580	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27660323	581	598	paediatric trauma	T037	C3714660
27660323	599	609	population	T098	C1257890
27660323	613	630	structured search	T052	C1706202
27660323	634	657	bibliographic databases	T170	C0079198
27660323	663	670	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
27660323	672	678	EMBASE	T170	C0079198
27660323	680	686	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27660323	688	694	CINAHL	T170	C0079198
27660323	696	712	Cochrane CENTRAL	T170	C0079198
27660323	746	774	randomised controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27660323	779	793	cohort studies	T081	C0009247
27660323	812	818	use of	T169	C1524063
27660323	819	822	TxA	T109,T121	C0040613
27660323	826	843	paediatric trauma	T037	C3714660
27660323	844	852	patients	T101	C0030705
27660323	882	886	data	T078	C1511726
27660323	906	912	search	T052	C1706202
27660323	949	957	language	T171	C0023008
27660323	961	972	publication	T057	C0034037
27660323	973	977	time	T079	C0040223
27660323	985	998	deduplication	T169	C0205245
27660323	1000	1009	citations	T170	C0552371
27660323	1046	1053	authors	T097	C3812881
27660323	1072	1081	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27660323	1104	1112	criteria	T078	C0243161
27660323	1114	1129	Data extraction	T062	C1707635
27660323	1134	1138	risk	T078	C0035647
27660323	1142	1146	bias	T078	C0242568
27660323	1147	1157	assessment	T058	C0220825
27660323	1197	1206	duplicate	T169	C0205173
27660323	1208	1229	Meta-analytic methods	T062	C0920317
27660323	1297	1304	primary	T080	C0205225
27660323	1305	1320	data collection	T062	C0010995
27660323	1333	1349	ethical approval	T080	C0205540
27660323	1386	1394	findings	T169	C2607943
27660323	1417	1429	disseminated	T082	C0205221
27660323	1440	1465	peer-reviewed publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27660323	1473	1481	relevant	T080	C2347946
27660323	1482	1501	conference meetings	T058	C0586182

27660548|t|Thymectomy for Myasthenia Gravis: A 10- year Review of Cases at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia
27660548|a|A thymectomy is considered effective for patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Although a few studies have described the role of a thymectomy in the treatment of MG in Asians countries, there are no published data on the application of this surgical approach for MG in Malaysia. We aimed to describe the clinical outcomes of MG patients who underwent a thymectomy and the factors affecting these outcomes. This was a retrospective study involving 16 patients with MG who underwent a thymectomy at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) from January 2002 until December 2012, with a follow-up period ranging from 3-120 months. The study consisted of 16 patients aged 22-78 years, 10 of whom were males. The overall remission / improvement rate was 87.5%, and the rate of clinical outcomes classified as unchanged / worsened was 12.5%. Thymomamatous or non-thymomamatous MG, histology features, Osserman stage and the duration of follow-up were not significant prognostic factors. Post-operative mortality was 6.2% (1 of 16 patients died of septic shock). A thymectomy seems to be an effective treatment for MG, with low surgical morbidity. Patients with a lower Osserman stage and those with/without thymomas had favourable outcomes.
27660548	0	10	Thymectomy	T061	C0040071
27660548	15	32	Myasthenia Gravis	T047	C0026896
27660548	40	44	year	T079	C0439234
27660548	45	51	Review	T170	C0282443
27660548	55	60	Cases	T169	C0868928
27660548	68	102	Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia	T093	C1708333
27660548	105	115	thymectomy	T061	C0040071
27660548	130	139	effective	T080	C1704419
27660548	144	152	patients	T101	C0030705
27660548	158	175	myasthenia gravis	T047	C0026896
27660548	177	179	MG	T047	C0026896
27660548	197	204	studies	T062	C2603343
27660548	234	244	thymectomy	T061	C0040071
27660548	252	261	treatment	T169	C0039798
27660548	265	267	MG	T047	C0026896
27660548	271	287	Asians countries	T083	C0454705
27660548	302	316	published data	T078	C1511726
27660548	324	335	application	T058	C0185125
27660548	344	361	surgical approach	T169	C0449446
27660548	366	368	MG	T047	C0026896
27660548	372	380	Malaysia	T083	C0024552
27660548	407	424	clinical outcomes	T033	C0243095
27660548	428	430	MG	T047	C0026896
27660548	431	439	patients	T101	C0030705
27660548	456	466	thymectomy	T061	C0040071
27660548	475	482	factors	T169	C1521761
27660548	483	492	affecting	T169	C0392760
27660548	499	507	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27660548	520	539	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27660548	553	561	patients	T101	C0030705
27660548	567	569	MG	T047	C0026896
27660548	586	596	thymectomy	T061	C0040071
27660548	604	638	Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia	T093	C1708333
27660548	640	644	HUSM	T093	C1708333
27660548	651	658	January	T080	C3829466
27660548	670	678	December	T080	C3830550
27660548	692	701	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27660548	702	708	period	T079	C1948053
27660548	728	734	months	T079	C0439231
27660548	740	745	study	T062	C2603343
27660548	762	770	patients	T101	C0030705
27660548	771	775	aged	T032	C0001779
27660548	782	787	years	T079	C0439234
27660548	805	810	males	T032	C0086582
27660548	816	833	overall remission	T033	C0544452
27660548	836	847	improvement	T077	C2986411
27660548	848	852	rate	T081	C1521828
27660548	872	876	rate	T081	C1521828
27660548	880	897	clinical outcomes	T033	C1333602
27660548	912	921	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27660548	924	932	worsened	T033	C1457868
27660548	944	957	Thymomamatous	T191	C0040100
27660548	961	981	non-thymomamatous MG	T047	C0026896
27660548	983	992	histology	T169	C4048239
27660548	993	1001	features	T080	C2348519
27660548	1003	1017	Osserman stage	T047	C0012634
27660548	1026	1034	duration	T079	C0449238
27660548	1038	1047	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27660548	1069	1087	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27660548	1089	1103	Post-operative	T079	C0032790
27660548	1104	1113	mortality	T033	C1408811
27660548	1132	1140	patients	T101	C0030705
27660548	1141	1145	died	T040	C0011065
27660548	1149	1161	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27660548	1166	1176	thymectomy	T061	C0040071
27660548	1192	1211	effective treatment	T169	C0039798
27660548	1216	1218	MG	T047	C0026896
27660548	1229	1237	surgical	T061	C0543467
27660548	1238	1247	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27660548	1249	1257	Patients	T101	C0030705
27660548	1271	1285	Osserman stage	T047	C0012634
27660548	1309	1317	thymomas	T191	C0040100
27660548	1322	1341	favourable outcomes	T169	C1274040

27660632|t|Genome-Wide SNP Linkage Mapping and QTL Analysis for Fiber Quality and Yield Traits in the Upland Cotton Recombinant Inbred Lines Population
27660632|a|It is of significance to discover genes related to fiber quality and yield traits and tightly linked markers for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in cotton breeding. In this study, 188 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs), derived from a intraspecific cross between HS46 and MARCABUCAG8US-1-88 were genotyped by the cotton 63K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay. Field trials were conducted in Sanya, Hainan Province, during the 2014-2015 cropping seasons under standard conditions. Results revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) among RILs, environments and replications for fiber quality and yield traits. Broad-sense heritabilities of all traits including fiber length, fiber uniformity, micronaire, fiber elongation, fiber strength, boll weight, and lint percentage ranged from 0.26 to 0.66. A 1784.28 cM (centimorgans) linkage map, harboring 2618 polymorphic SNP markers, was constructed, which had 0.68 cM per marker density. Seventy-one quantitative trait locus (QTLs) for fiber quality and yield traits were detected on 21 chromosomes, explaining 4.70~32.28% phenotypic variance, in which 16 were identified as stable QTLs across two environments. Meanwhile, 12 certain regions were investigated to be involved in the control of one (hotspot) or more (cluster) traits, mainly focused on Chr05, Chr09, Chr10, Chr14, Chr19, and Chr20. Nineteen pairs of epistatic QTLs (e-QTLs) were identified, of which two pairs involved in two additive QTLs. These additive QTLs, e-QTLs, and QTL clusters were tightly linked to SNP markers, which may serve as target regions for map-based cloning, gene discovery, and MAS in cotton breeding.
27660632	0	31	Genome-Wide SNP Linkage Mapping	T059,T063	C0008630
27660632	36	39	QTL	T028	C0597336
27660632	40	48	Analysis	T059	C0796344
27660632	53	58	Fiber	T002	C1260603
27660632	59	66	Quality	T080	C0332306
27660632	71	76	Yield	T081	C0392762
27660632	77	83	Traits	T032	C0599883
27660632	91	104	Upland Cotton	T002	C0010196
27660632	105	129	Recombinant Inbred Lines	T008	C1514783
27660632	175	180	genes	T028	C0017337
27660632	192	197	fiber	T002	C1260603
27660632	198	205	quality	T080	C0332306
27660632	210	215	yield	T081	C0392762
27660632	216	222	traits	T032	C0599883
27660632	242	249	markers	T045	C0017393
27660632	254	279	marker-assisted selection	T062	C0017395
27660632	281	284	MAS	T062	C0017395
27660632	289	295	cotton	T002	C0010196
27660632	296	304	breeding	T040	C4042898
27660632	321	327	188 F8	T002	C0010196
27660632	328	352	recombinant inbred lines	T008	C1514783
27660632	354	358	RILs	T008	C1514783
27660632	376	389	intraspecific	T080	C0205369
27660632	390	395	cross	T040	C4042898
27660632	404	408	HS46	T002	C0010196
27660632	413	431	MARCABUCAG8US-1-88	T002	C0010196
27660632	437	446	genotyped	T032	C0017431
27660632	454	460	cotton	T002	C0010196
27660632	465	507	single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay	T059	C3536614
27660632	509	521	Field trials	T062	C0868962
27660632	540	562	Sanya, Hainan Province	UnknownType	C0681784
27660632	585	593	cropping	T090	C4042899
27660632	594	601	seasons	T079	C0036497
27660632	608	616	standard	T080	C1442989
27660632	617	627	conditions	T080	C0348080
27660632	646	657	significant	T081	C0237881
27660632	658	669	differences	T080	C1705242
27660632	687	691	RILs	T008	C1514783
27660632	693	705	environments	T082	C0014406
27660632	710	722	replications	T080	C1883725
27660632	727	732	fiber	T002	C1260603
27660632	733	740	quality	T080	C0332306
27660632	745	750	yield	T081	C0392762
27660632	751	757	traits	T032	C0599883
27660632	771	785	heritabilities	T169	C0439660
27660632	793	799	traits	T032	C0599883
27660632	810	815	fiber	T002	C1260603
27660632	816	822	length	T081	C1444754
27660632	824	829	fiber	T002	C1260603
27660632	830	840	uniformity	T080	C0205375
27660632	842	852	micronaire	T080	C0205556
27660632	854	859	fiber	T002	C1260603
27660632	860	870	elongation	T040	C0018270
27660632	872	877	fiber	T002	C1260603
27660632	878	886	strength	T081	C0039526
27660632	888	892	boll	T002	C0010197
27660632	893	899	weight	T081	C0043100
27660632	905	909	lint	T167	C4019096
27660632	910	920	percentage	T081	C0439165
27660632	957	959	cM	T081	C0582522
27660632	961	973	centimorgans	T081	C0582522
27660632	975	986	linkage map	T059,T063	C0008630
27660632	1003	1014	polymorphic	T080	C1882417
27660632	1015	1018	SNP	T086	C0752046
27660632	1019	1026	markers	T045	C0017393
27660632	1060	1062	cM	T081	C0582522
27660632	1067	1073	marker	T045	C0017393
27660632	1095	1119	quantitative trait locus	T028	C0597336
27660632	1121	1125	QTLs	T028	C0597336
27660632	1131	1136	fiber	T002	C1260603
27660632	1137	1144	quality	T080	C0332306
27660632	1149	1154	yield	T081	C0392762
27660632	1155	1161	traits	T032	C0599883
27660632	1182	1193	chromosomes	T026	C1135923
27660632	1218	1228	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27660632	1229	1237	variance	T080	C1711260
27660632	1270	1276	stable	T080	C0205360
27660632	1277	1281	QTLs	T028	C0597336
27660632	1293	1305	environments	T082	C0014406
27660632	1329	1336	regions	T026	C1953345
27660632	1393	1400	hotspot	T086	C2986491
27660632	1411	1418	cluster	T028	C0017258
27660632	1420	1426	traits	T032	C0599883
27660632	1446	1451	Chr05	T026	C1135923
27660632	1453	1458	Chr09	T026	C1135923
27660632	1460	1465	Chr10	T026	C1135923
27660632	1467	1472	Chr14	T026	C1135923
27660632	1474	1479	Chr19	T026	C1135923
27660632	1485	1490	Chr20	T026	C1135923
27660632	1510	1519	epistatic	T028	C0017344
27660632	1520	1524	QTLs	T028	C0597336
27660632	1526	1532	e-QTLs	T028	C0597336
27660632	1586	1594	additive	T080	C0442796
27660632	1595	1599	QTLs	T028	C0597336
27660632	1607	1615	additive	T080	C0442796
27660632	1616	1620	QTLs	T028	C0597336
27660632	1622	1628	e-QTLs	T028	C0597336
27660632	1634	1637	QTL	T028	C0597336
27660632	1638	1646	clusters	T028	C0017258
27660632	1670	1673	SNP	T086	C0752046
27660632	1674	1681	markers	T045	C0017393
27660632	1702	1708	target	T169	C1521840
27660632	1709	1716	regions	T026	C1953345
27660632	1721	1738	map-based cloning	T059,T063	C0598888
27660632	1740	1754	gene discovery	T063	C2717881
27660632	1760	1763	MAS	T062	C0017395
27660632	1767	1773	cotton	T002	C0010196
27660632	1774	1782	breeding	T040	C4042898

27660667|t|BMI, Body Image, Emotional Well-Being and Weight-Control Behaviors in Urban African American Adolescents
27660667|a|While urban African American adolescents face significant health disparities associated with overweight and obesity that follow them into adulthood; there is limited data on body image, emotional well-being, and weight control behaviors in this population to design effective public health interventions. This study was designed to understand the association of weight status to adolescent weight control, body image, and emotional well-being responses, in African American high school students. The study cohort consisted of 776 students, mean age 15.8 years (±1.2). Data from Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS) student surveys and anthropometric studies were collected at School-Based Health Centers. Associations between adolescent responses on the GAPS and body mass index (BMI) status (healthy weight: 5th to less than 85th percentile, overweight: 85th to less than 95th percentile, obese: 95th percentile or greater) were estimated using logistic regression and dose- response plots. There were statistically significant associations between BMI category and weight control (ranging from a mean 5.18 to 7.68 odds of obesity) and body image (3.40 to 13.26 odds of obesity) responses. Responses to weight control and body image questions exhibited a dose-response for odds of overweight and obesity. Feelings of depressed mood were associated with obesity (1.47 times the odds of obesity compared to students who did not endorse depressed mood; 95% CI, 1.01 to 2.13) but not overweight status. Overweight and obese urban African American adolescents are more likely to screen positively on weight control risk behaviors and negative body image questions than their normal weight peers. The weight control and body image measures on the GAPS may provide information to identify youth in need of services and those motivated for brief school-based weight control interventions.
27660667	0	3	BMI	T201	C1305855
27660667	5	15	Body Image	T041	C0005891
27660667	17	37	Emotional Well-Being	T201	C2984554
27660667	42	66	Weight-Control Behaviors	T055	C1321111
27660667	70	75	Urban	T080	C2700386
27660667	76	92	African American	T098	C0085756
27660667	93	104	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27660667	111	116	urban	T080	C2700386
27660667	117	133	African American	T098	C0085756
27660667	134	145	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27660667	151	162	significant	T078	C0750502
27660667	163	181	health disparities	T033	C1171307
27660667	182	197	associated with	T080	C0332281
27660667	198	208	overweight	T184	C0497406
27660667	213	220	obesity	T047	C0028754
27660667	243	252	adulthood	T079	C0700597
27660667	263	270	limited	T169	C0439801
27660667	271	275	data	T078	C1511726
27660667	279	289	body image	T041	C0005891
27660667	291	311	emotional well-being	T201	C2984554
27660667	317	341	weight control behaviors	T055	C1321111
27660667	350	360	population	T098	C1257890
27660667	364	370	design	T052	C1707689
27660667	371	380	effective	T080	C1704419
27660667	381	394	public health	T058	C0699943
27660667	395	408	interventions	T061	C0184661
27660667	415	420	study	T062	C2603343
27660667	425	433	designed	T052	C1707689
27660667	437	447	understand	T041	C0162340
27660667	452	463	association	T080	C0439849
27660667	467	473	weight	T081	C0043100
27660667	474	480	status	T080	C0449438
27660667	484	494	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27660667	495	509	weight control	T061	C0920298
27660667	511	521	body image	T041	C0005891
27660667	527	547	emotional well-being	T201	C2984554
27660667	548	557	responses	T032	C0871261
27660667	562	578	African American	T098	C0085756
27660667	579	599	high school students	T098	C0682176
27660667	605	610	study	T062	C2603343
27660667	611	617	cohort	T098	C0599755
27660667	635	643	students	T098	C0038492
27660667	645	649	mean	T081	C2347634
27660667	650	653	age	T032	C0001779
27660667	673	677	Data	T078	C1511726
27660667	683	728	Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services	T061	C3862452
27660667	730	734	GAPS	T061	C3862452
27660667	736	743	student	T098	C0038492
27660667	744	751	surveys	T170	C0038951
27660667	756	770	anthropometric	T081	C0815129
27660667	771	778	studies	T062	C2603343
27660667	784	793	collected	T078	C1516695
27660667	797	809	School-Based	T058	C0036371
27660667	810	824	Health Centers	T073,T093	C0475309
27660667	826	838	Associations	T080	C0439849
27660667	847	857	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27660667	858	867	responses	T032	C0871261
27660667	875	879	GAPS	T061	C3862452
27660667	884	899	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27660667	901	904	BMI	T201	C1305855
27660667	906	912	status	T080	C0449438
27660667	914	921	healthy	T080	C3898900
27660667	922	928	weight	T081	C0043100
27660667	937	946	less than	T081	C0439092
27660667	964	974	overweight	T184	C0497406
27660667	984	993	less than	T081	C0439092
27660667	1011	1016	obese	T047	C0028754
27660667	1037	1044	greater	T081	C1704243
27660667	1067	1086	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27660667	1091	1111	dose- response plots	T081	C0683162
27660667	1124	1149	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27660667	1150	1162	associations	T080	C0439849
27660667	1171	1174	BMI	T201	C1305855
27660667	1175	1183	category	T170	C0683312
27660667	1188	1202	weight control	T061	C0920298
27660667	1204	1211	ranging	T081	C1514721
27660667	1219	1223	mean	T081	C2347634
27660667	1237	1241	odds	T081	C0028873
27660667	1245	1252	obesity	T047	C0028754
27660667	1258	1268	body image	T041	C0005891
27660667	1284	1288	odds	T081	C0028873
27660667	1292	1299	obesity	T047	C0028754
27660667	1301	1310	responses	T032	C0871261
27660667	1312	1321	Responses	T032	C0871261
27660667	1325	1339	weight control	T061	C0920298
27660667	1344	1354	body image	T041	C0005891
27660667	1355	1364	questions	T170	C1522634
27660667	1365	1374	exhibited	T170	C0681324
27660667	1377	1390	dose-response	T062	C4055118
27660667	1395	1399	odds	T081	C0028873
27660667	1403	1413	overweight	T184	C0497406
27660667	1418	1425	obesity	T047	C0028754
27660667	1427	1435	Feelings	T041	C1527305
27660667	1439	1453	depressed mood	T033	C0344315
27660667	1459	1474	associated with	T080	C0332281
27660667	1475	1482	obesity	T047	C0028754
27660667	1499	1503	odds	T081	C0028873
27660667	1507	1514	obesity	T047	C0028754
27660667	1527	1535	students	T098	C0038492
27660667	1556	1570	depressed mood	T033	C0344315
27660667	1602	1612	overweight	T184	C0497406
27660667	1613	1619	status	T080	C0449438
27660667	1621	1631	Overweight	T184	C0497406
27660667	1636	1641	obese	T047	C0028754
27660667	1642	1647	urban	T080	C2700386
27660667	1648	1664	African American	T098	C0085756
27660667	1665	1676	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27660667	1696	1702	screen	T058	C0220908
27660667	1703	1713	positively	T033	C1446409
27660667	1717	1731	weight control	T061	C0920298
27660667	1732	1746	risk behaviors	T055	C0086931
27660667	1751	1759	negative	T033	C0205160
27660667	1760	1770	body image	T041	C0005891
27660667	1771	1780	questions	T170	C1522634
27660667	1792	1798	normal	T080	C0205307
27660667	1799	1805	weight	T081	C0043100
27660667	1806	1811	peers	T098	C0679739
27660667	1817	1831	weight control	T061	C0920298
27660667	1836	1846	body image	T041	C0005891
27660667	1847	1855	measures	T081	C0079809
27660667	1863	1867	GAPS	T061	C3862452
27660667	1880	1891	information	T078	C1533716
27660667	1895	1903	identify	T080	C0205396
27660667	1904	1909	youth	T100	C0087178
27660667	1921	1929	services	T057	C0557854
27660667	1960	1972	school-based	T058	C0679800
27660667	1973	1987	weight control	T061	C0920298
27660667	1988	2001	interventions	T061	C0184661

27660811|t|In silico data analyses of recombinases GdDMC1A and GdDMC1B from Giardia duodenalis
27660811|a|Giardia duodenalis is a worldwide protozoa known causing diarrhea in all vertebrates, humans among these. Homologous recombination is a mechanism that provides genomic stability. Two putative recombinases were identified in G. duodenalis genome: GdDMC1A and GdDMC1B. In this article, we describe the identification of conserved domains in GdDMC1A and GdDMC1B, such as: DNA binding domains (Helix-turn-helix motif, loops 1 and 2) and an ATPcap and Walker A and B motifs associated with ATP binding and hydrolysis, phylogenetic analyses among assemblages and three-dimensional structure modeling of these recombinases using bioinformatics tools. Also, experimental data is described about LD50 determination for ionizing radiation in trophozoites of G. duodenalis. Additionally, as recombinases, GdDMC1A and GdDMC1B were used to rescue a defective Saccharomyces cerevisiae Δ rad51 strain under genotoxic conditions and data is described. The data described here are related to the research article entitled " Characterization of recombinase DMC1B and its functional role as Rad51 in DNA damage repair in Giardia duodenalis trophozoites " (Torres-Huerta et al.,) [1].
27660811	0	9	In silico	T066	C3489666
27660811	10	23	data analyses	T057	C0010992
27660811	27	39	recombinases	T116,T126	C0073020
27660811	40	47	GdDMC1A	T116,T123	C0033684
27660811	52	59	GdDMC1B	T116,T123	C0033684
27660811	65	83	Giardia duodenalis	T204	C0017535
27660811	84	102	Giardia duodenalis	T204	C0017535
27660811	108	117	worldwide	T082	C1254362
27660811	118	126	protozoa	T204	C0033739
27660811	133	140	causing	T169	C0678227
27660811	141	149	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27660811	153	156	all	T081	C0444868
27660811	157	168	vertebrates	T010	C0042567
27660811	170	176	humans	T016	C0086418
27660811	190	214	Homologous recombination	T045	C0599773
27660811	220	229	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27660811	235	243	provides	T080	C0205556
27660811	244	261	genomic stability	T045	C1257825
27660811	276	288	recombinases	T116,T126	C0073020
27660811	294	304	identified	T080	C0205396
27660811	308	321	G. duodenalis	T204	C0017535
27660811	322	328	genome	T028	C0017428
27660811	330	337	GdDMC1A	T028	C0017337
27660811	342	349	GdDMC1B	T028	C0017337
27660811	384	398	identification	T080	C0205396
27660811	402	419	conserved domains	T087	C0002518
27660811	423	430	GdDMC1A	T116,T123	C0033684
27660811	435	442	GdDMC1B	T116,T123	C0033684
27660811	453	472	DNA binding domains	T087	C1511662
27660811	474	496	Helix-turn-helix motif	T082	C0282642
27660811	498	511	loops 1 and 2	T082	C1254362
27660811	520	526	ATPcap	T086	C0004793
27660811	531	539	Walker A	T087	C1520118
27660811	544	552	B motifs	T087	C0002518
27660811	553	568	associated with	T080	C0332281
27660811	569	580	ATP binding	T044	C1148923
27660811	585	595	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27660811	597	618	phylogenetic analyses	T062	C1519068
27660811	625	636	assemblages	T052	C1706853
27660811	641	677	three-dimensional structure modeling	T170	C0282574
27660811	687	699	recombinases	T116,T126	C0073020
27660811	706	726	bioinformatics tools	T170	C0037589
27660811	734	751	experimental data	T078	C1511726
27660811	771	775	LD50	T081	C0023378
27660811	776	789	determination	T059	C1148554
27660811	794	812	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
27660811	816	828	trophozoites	T204	C0686882
27660811	832	845	G. duodenalis	T204	C0017535
27660811	864	876	recombinases	T116,T126	C0073020
27660811	878	885	GdDMC1A	T116,T126	C0014442
27660811	890	897	GdDMC1B	T116,T126	C0014442
27660811	903	907	used	T169	C1524063
27660811	920	929	defective	T169	C0332452
27660811	930	954	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27660811	955	969	Δ rad51 strain	T001	C1518614
27660811	976	996	genotoxic conditions	T049	C0598309
27660811	1001	1005	data	T078	C1511726
27660811	1009	1018	described	T078	C1552738
27660811	1024	1028	data	T078	C1511726
27660811	1029	1038	described	T078	C1552738
27660811	1063	1079	research article	T170	C1706852
27660811	1091	1107	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27660811	1111	1122	recombinase	T116,T126	C0073020
27660811	1123	1128	DMC1B	T116,T126	C0014442
27660811	1137	1152	functional role	T169	C0205245
27660811	1156	1161	Rad51	T116,T126	C0287666
27660811	1165	1182	DNA damage repair	T045	C0012899
27660811	1186	1217	Giardia duodenalis trophozoites	T204	C3662789

27660844|t|Statins in Chronic Kidney Disease: When and When Not to Use Them
27660844|a|This supplement reviews the evidence from clinical trials for the appropriate use of statins in patients with Chronic kidney disease (CKD).
27660844	0	7	Statins	T109,T121	C0360714
27660844	11	33	Chronic Kidney Disease	T047	C1561643
27660844	35	39	When	T169	C0457083
27660844	44	64	When Not to Use Them	T033	C4062565
27660844	81	88	reviews	T078	C1552617
27660844	93	101	evidence	T078	C3887511
27660844	107	122	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27660844	131	142	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27660844	143	149	use of	T169	C1524063
27660844	150	157	statins	T109,T121	C0360714
27660844	161	169	patients	T101	C0030705
27660844	175	197	Chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
27660844	199	202	CKD	T047	C1561643

27660855|t|Discovery of Orally Efficacious Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase delta Inhibitors with Improved Metabolic Stability
27660855|a|Aberrant signaling of phosphoinositide-3-kinase delta (PI3K-delta) has been implicated in numerous pathologies including hematological malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis. Described in this manuscript is the discovery, optimization and in vivo evaluation of a novel series of pyridine-containing PI3K-delta inhibitors. This work led to the discovery of 35, a highly selective inhibitor of PI3K-delta which displays an excellent pharmacokinetic profile and is efficacious in a rodent model of rheumatoid arthritis.
27660855	0	9	Discovery	T052	C1880355
27660855	13	19	Orally	T030	C0226896
27660855	20	31	Efficacious	T080	C1704419
27660855	32	63	Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase delta	T116,T126	C1450115
27660855	64	74	Inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27660855	80	88	Improved	T033	C0184511
27660855	89	98	Metabolic	T169	C0311400
27660855	99	108	Stability	T080	C0205360
27660855	109	127	Aberrant signaling	T038	C3537152
27660855	131	162	phosphoinositide-3-kinase delta	T116,T126	C1450115
27660855	164	174	PI3K-delta	T116,T126	C1450115
27660855	208	219	pathologies	T046	C0677042
27660855	230	256	hematological malignancies	T191	C0376545
27660855	261	281	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27660855	319	328	discovery	T052	C1880355
27660855	330	342	optimization	T052	C2698650
27660855	347	354	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27660855	355	365	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27660855	387	406	pyridine-containing	T109	C0576798
27660855	407	417	PI3K-delta	T116,T126	C1450115
27660855	418	428	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27660855	451	460	discovery	T052	C1880355
27660855	464	466	35	T121	C1254351
27660855	487	496	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27660855	500	510	PI3K-delta	T116,T126	C1450115
27660855	539	562	pharmacokinetic profile	T169	C0031328
27660855	570	581	efficacious	T080	C1704419
27660855	587	599	rodent model	T050	C1519106
27660855	603	623	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873

27661391|t|PROMIS for Orthopaedic Outcomes Measurement
27661391|a|Patient-reported outcome measures have become important tools for assessing health status in a variety of patient populations. Many historically or commonly used patient-reported outcome measures in orthopaedics are narrow in scope and are limited by the burden associated with their administration, making them useful only for specific populations. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was developed to overcome these limitations. The system was developed using item response theory, which allows for reliable and efficient estimation of underlying health traits using targeted item banks to assess physical function in the upper and lower extremities. PROMIS has been validated in patient populations with orthopaedic disorders of the foot and ankle, upper extremity, and spine and has demonstrated a marked improvement in measurement characteristics and reduced patient and administrative burden. PROMIS Physical Function measures are useful for assessing orthopaedic outcomes and are superior to legacy measures in several key populations.
27661391	0	6	PROMIS	T170	C2964659
27661391	11	22	Orthopaedic	T091	C0029355
27661391	23	43	Outcomes Measurement	T081	C0086749
27661391	44	77	Patient-reported outcome measures	T058	C4277735
27661391	110	133	assessing health status	T058	C0175637
27661391	150	169	patient populations	T101	C0030705
27661391	206	239	patient-reported outcome measures	T058	C4277735
27661391	243	255	orthopaedics	T091	C0029355
27661391	299	305	burden	T078	C2828008
27661391	306	321	associated with	T080	C0332281
27661391	328	342	administration	T061	C1533734
27661391	372	392	specific populations	T170	C1718440
27661391	398	454	Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System	T170	C2964659
27661391	456	462	PROMIS	T170	C2964659
27661391	481	489	overcome	T052	C2983310
27661391	496	507	limitations	T169	C0449295
27661391	513	519	system	T170	C0021428
27661391	540	560	item response theory	T062,T170	C0870753
27661391	579	587	reliable	T080	C0205556
27661391	592	601	efficient	T080	C0442799
27661391	602	612	estimation	T058	C0220825
27661391	627	640	health traits	T032	C0599883
27661391	656	666	item banks	T170	C0282574
27661391	670	676	assess	T058	C0184514
27661391	677	694	physical function	T033	C0516981
27661391	702	707	upper	T023	C1140618
27661391	712	729	lower extremities	T023	C0023216
27661391	731	737	PROMIS	T170	C2964659
27661391	747	756	validated	T062	C1519941
27661391	760	779	patient populations	T101	C0030705
27661391	785	806	orthopaedic disorders	T047	C0005940
27661391	814	828	foot and ankle	T029	C0870018
27661391	830	845	upper extremity	T023	C1140618
27661391	851	856	spine	T023	C0037949
27661391	887	898	improvement	T077	C2986411
27661391	902	913	measurement	T169	C0242485
27661391	914	929	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27661391	934	941	reduced	T080	C0392756
27661391	942	949	patient	T101	C0030705
27661391	954	968	administrative	T061	C1533734
27661391	969	975	burden	T078	C2828008
27661391	977	983	PROMIS	T170	C2964659
27661391	984	1001	Physical Function	T033	C0516981
27661391	1002	1010	measures	T081	C0086749
27661391	1015	1021	useful	T080	C3827682
27661391	1026	1035	assessing	T058	C0184514
27661391	1036	1047	orthopaedic	T091	C0029355
27661391	1048	1056	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27661391	1108	1119	populations	T081	C0032659

27662437|t|Effect of Genotype and Previous GH Treatment on Adiposity in Adults With Prader-Willi Syndrome
27662437|a|Adults with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) have an increased proportion of sc fat mass compared with body mass index (BMI)-matched controls, but whether the genotype influences body composition and metabolic profile remains controversial. To assess body composition and metabolic features in adults with PWS, according to genetic subtype. In addition, the effect of previous GH treatment was assessed. Main Outcomes and Measures: Body composition (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) and metabolic parameters were compared in PWS adults (mean age, 25.5 ± 8.9 y) with deletion (n = 47) or uniparental disomy (UPD) (n = 26), taking into account GH treatment in childhood and/or adolescence. In subgroups, adipocyte size, fasting total ghrelin levels, and resting energy expenditure were measured, and hyperphagia was assessed by the Dykens Hyperphagia Questionnaire. In the whole sample, the deletion group had a higher BMI compared with UPD (40.9 ± 11.5 vs 34.6 ± 9.6 kg/m(2), P = .02), but there was no difference between groups in percent body fat, metabolic profile, adipocyte size, resting energy expenditure, hyperphagia score, or ghrelin levels. In subjects previously treated with GH, BMI was not different between UPD and deletion groups (33.0 ± 9.7 vs 33.5 ± 11.1 kg/m(2)). In addition, previous GH treatment was associated with decreased percent body fat and adipocyte volume only in the deletion group. A deletion genotype in adults with PWS is associated with increased BMI. GH treatment in childhood and/or adolescence limits this deleterious phenotypic effect with improved adiposity markers. This study suggests relationships between the molecular phenotype of PWS and adipose tissue development as well as sensitivity to GH.
27662437	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27662437	10	18	Genotype	T032	C0017431
27662437	32	44	GH Treatment	T047	C0744483
27662437	48	57	Adiposity	T032	C1563743
27662437	61	67	Adults	T100	C0001675
27662437	73	94	Prader-Willi Syndrome	T019	C0032897
27662437	95	101	Adults	T100	C0001675
27662437	107	128	Prader-Willi syndrome	T019	C0032897
27662437	130	133	PWS	T019	C0032897
27662437	167	173	sc fat	T024	C0222331
27662437	174	178	mass	T081	C3152252
27662437	193	208	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27662437	210	213	BMI	T201	C1305855
27662437	223	231	controls	T096	C0009932
27662437	249	257	genotype	T032	C0017431
27662437	269	285	body composition	T032	C0005885
27662437	290	307	metabolic profile	T039	C3853758
27662437	341	357	body composition	T032	C0005885
27662437	362	380	metabolic features	T201	C1864620
27662437	384	390	adults	T100	C0001675
27662437	396	399	PWS	T019	C0032897
27662437	414	429	genetic subtype	T032	C0017431
27662437	467	479	GH treatment	T047	C0744483
27662437	484	492	assessed	T052	C1516048
27662437	499	507	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
27662437	512	520	Measures	T081	C0079809
27662437	522	538	Body composition	T032	C0005885
27662437	540	572	Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
27662437	578	598	metabolic parameters	T033	C0243095
27662437	616	619	PWS	T019	C0032897
27662437	620	626	adults	T100	C0001675
27662437	657	665	deletion	T045	C0017260
27662437	678	696	uniparental disomy	T049	C0949628
27662437	698	701	UPD	T049	C0949628
27662437	733	745	GH treatment	T047	C0744483
27662437	749	758	childhood	T079	C0231335
27662437	766	777	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27662437	793	807	adipocyte size	T081	C0392762
27662437	809	816	fasting	T033	C0015663
27662437	817	837	total ghrelin levels	T059	C3813179
27662437	843	869	resting energy expenditure	T033	C0429629
27662437	875	883	measured	T080	C0444706
27662437	889	900	hyperphagia	T033	C0020505
27662437	905	913	assessed	T052	C1516048
27662437	921	953	Dykens Hyperphagia Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27662437	980	994	deletion group	T098	C1257890
27662437	1001	1007	higher	T080	C0205250
27662437	1008	1011	BMI	T201	C1305855
27662437	1026	1029	UPD	T049	C0949628
27662437	1122	1138	percent body fat	T033	C0518026
27662437	1140	1157	metabolic profile	T039	C3853758
27662437	1159	1168	adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27662437	1169	1173	size	T081	C0162658
27662437	1175	1201	resting energy expenditure	T033	C0429629
27662437	1203	1214	hyperphagia	T033	C0020505
27662437	1215	1220	score	T081	C0449820
27662437	1225	1239	ghrelin levels	T059	C3813179
27662437	1244	1252	subjects	T062	C0178693
27662437	1264	1276	treated with	T061	C0332293
27662437	1277	1279	GH	T116,T121,T125	C0037663
27662437	1281	1284	BMI	T201	C1305855
27662437	1311	1314	UPD	T049	C0949628
27662437	1319	1334	deletion groups	T098	C1257890
27662437	1394	1406	GH treatment	T047	C0744483
27662437	1411	1426	associated with	T080	C0332281
27662437	1437	1453	percent body fat	T033	C0518026
27662437	1458	1467	adipocyte	T025	C0206131
27662437	1468	1474	volume	T081	C0596292
27662437	1487	1501	deletion group	T098	C1257890
27662437	1514	1522	genotype	T032	C0017431
27662437	1526	1532	adults	T100	C0001675
27662437	1538	1541	PWS	T019	C0032897
27662437	1545	1560	associated with	T080	C0332281
27662437	1571	1574	BMI	T201	C1305855
27662437	1576	1588	GH treatment	T047	C0744483
27662437	1592	1601	childhood	T079	C0231335
27662437	1609	1620	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27662437	1645	1662	phenotypic effect	T190	C4021819
27662437	1677	1686	adiposity	T032	C1563743
27662437	1687	1694	markers	T045	C0017393
27662437	1701	1706	study	T062	C2603343
27662437	1716	1729	relationships	T080	C0439849
27662437	1752	1761	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27662437	1765	1768	PWS	T019	C0032897
27662437	1773	1787	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27662437	1788	1799	development	T169	C1527148
27662437	1826	1828	GH	T116,T121,T125	C0037663

27663493|t|Biospark: scalable analysis of large numerical datasets from biological simulations and experiments using Hadoop and Spark
27663493|a|Data-parallel programming techniques can dramatically decrease the time needed to analyze large datasets. While these methods have provided significant improvements for sequencing-based analyses, other areas of biological informatics have not yet adopted them. Here, we introduce Biospark, a new framework for performing data-parallel analysis on large numerical datasets. Biospark builds upon the open source Hadoop and Spark projects, bringing domain-specific features for biology. Source code is licensed under the Apache 2.0 open source license and is available at the project website: https://www.assembla.com/spaces/roberts-lab-public/wiki/Biospark CONTACT: eroberts@jhu.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
27663493	0	8	Biospark	T170	C0037589
27663493	10	27	scalable analysis	T062	C0936012
27663493	37	55	numerical datasets	T081	C0243174
27663493	61	71	biological	T080	C0205460
27663493	72	83	simulations	T062	C0679083
27663493	88	99	experiments	T062	C0681814
27663493	106	122	Hadoop and Spark	T170	C0037589
27663493	219	227	datasets	T170	C0150098
27663493	241	248	methods	T170	C0025663
27663493	292	317	sequencing-based analyses	T059,T063	C0162801
27663493	334	356	biological informatics	T091	C1140694
27663493	403	411	Biospark	T170	C0037589
27663493	419	428	framework	T170	C1882937
27663493	476	494	numerical datasets	T081	C0243174
27663493	496	504	Biospark	T170	C0037589
27663493	533	549	Hadoop and Spark	T170	C0037589
27663493	550	558	projects	T077	C1709701
27663493	569	593	domain-specific features	T170	C0920998
27663493	598	605	biology	T091	C0005532

27664877|t|Evaluating the effectiveness of a mock oral educational program
27664877|a|To obtain board certification, the American Board of Surgery requires graduates of general surgery training programs to pass both the written qualifying examination (QE) and the oral certifying examination (CE). In 2015, the pass rates for the QE and CE were 80% and 77%, respectively. In the 2011-2012 academic year, the University of Wisconsin instituted a mandatory, faculty-led, monthly CE preparation educational program (CE prep) as a supplement to their existing annual mock oral examination. We hypothesized that the implementation of these sessions would improve the first-time pass rate for residents taking the ABS CE at our institution. Secondary outcomes studied were QE pass rate, correlation with American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) and mock oral examination scores, cost, and type of study materials used, perception of examination difficulty, and applicant preparedness. A sixteen question survey was sent to 57 of 59 residents who attended the University of Wisconsin between the years of 2007 and 2015. Email addresses for two former residents could not be located. De-identified data for the ABSITE and first-time pass rates for the QE and CE examination were retrospectively collected and analyzed along with survey results. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Survey response rate was 77.2%. Of the residents who have attempted the CE, first-time pass rate was 76.0% (19 of 25) before the implementation of the formal CE Prep and 100% (22 of 22) after (P = 0.025). Absolute ABSITE score, and mock oral annual examination grades were significantly improved after the CE Prep was initiated (P values < 0.001 and 0.003, respectively), however, ABSITE percentile was not significantly different (P = 0.415). ABSITE raw score and percentile, as well as mock oral annual examination scores were significantly associated with passing the QE (0.032, 0.027, and 0.020, respectively), whereas mock oral annual examination scores alone were associated with passing the CE (P = 0.001). Survey results showed that residents perceived the CE to be easier than the annual mock oral after the institution of the CE prep course (P = 0.036), however, there was no difference in their perception of preparedness. Overall, applicants felt extremely prepared for the CE (4.70 ± 0.5, Likert scale 1-5). Formal educational programs instituted during residency can improve resident performance on the ABS certifying examination. The institution of a formal, faculty-led monthly CE preparation educational program at the University of Wisconsin has significantly improved the first-time pass rate for the ABS CE. Mock oral annual examination scores were also significantly improved. Furthermore, ABSITE scores correlate with QE pass rates, and mock oral annual examination scores correlate with pass rates for both QE and CE.
27664877	15	28	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27664877	34	43	mock oral	T082	C0442027
27664877	44	63	educational program	T065	C0150562
27664877	74	93	board certification	T064	C1511232
27664877	99	124	American Board of Surgery	T093	C1708333
27664877	134	143	graduates	T098	C0588053
27664877	147	162	general surgery	T091	C1274039
27664877	163	180	training programs	T065	C0040607
27664877	184	188	pass	T033	C2828386
27664877	198	205	written	T169	C1576874
27664877	206	228	qualifying examination	T065	C0013652
27664877	230	232	QE	T065	C0013652
27664877	242	246	oral	T082	C0442027
27664877	247	269	certifying examination	T065	C0013652
27664877	271	273	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	289	293	pass	T033	C2828386
27664877	294	299	rates	T081	C1521828
27664877	308	310	QE	T065	C0013652
27664877	315	317	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	367	375	academic	T092	C1510747
27664877	386	409	University of Wisconsin	T093	C1708333
27664877	423	432	mandatory	T064	C0024684
27664877	434	445	faculty-led	UnknownType	C0682256
27664877	447	454	monthly	T079	C0332177
27664877	455	457	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	458	469	preparation	T052	C1521827
27664877	470	489	educational program	T065	C0150562
27664877	491	493	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	494	498	prep	T052	C1521827
27664877	505	515	supplement	T169	C2348609
27664877	534	540	annual	T079	C0332181
27664877	541	550	mock oral	T082	C0442027
27664877	551	562	examination	UnknownType	C0681376
27664877	589	603	implementation	T052	C1708476
27664877	613	621	sessions	T077	C1883017
27664877	628	635	improve	T033	C0184511
27664877	640	650	first-time	T079	C1254367
27664877	651	655	pass	T033	C2828386
27664877	656	660	rate	T081	C1521828
27664877	665	674	residents	UnknownType	C0682286
27664877	686	689	ABS	T093	C1708333
27664877	690	692	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	700	711	institution	T093	C2607850
27664877	713	739	Secondary outcomes studied	T080	C3274440
27664877	745	747	QE	T065	C0013652
27664877	748	752	pass	T033	C2828386
27664877	753	757	rate	T081	C1521828
27664877	759	770	correlation	T080	C1707520
27664877	776	825	American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination	T170	C0282574
27664877	827	833	ABSITE	T170	C0282574
27664877	839	848	mock oral	T082	C0442027
27664877	849	860	examination	UnknownType	C0681376
27664877	861	867	scores	T081	C0449820
27664877	869	873	cost	T081	C0010186
27664877	887	902	study materials	T075	C2985618
27664877	909	919	perception	T041	C0030971
27664877	923	934	examination	UnknownType	C0681376
27664877	935	945	difficulty	T080	C0332218
27664877	951	960	applicant	T098	C0696628
27664877	961	973	preparedness	T033	C1318963
27664877	985	993	question	T170	C1522634
27664877	994	1000	survey	T170	C0038951
27664877	1022	1031	residents	UnknownType	C0682286
27664877	1036	1044	attended	T169	C1456498
27664877	1049	1072	University of Wisconsin	T093	C1708333
27664877	1109	1124	Email addresses	T170	C1705961
27664877	1133	1139	former	T079	C0205156
27664877	1140	1149	residents	UnknownType	C0682286
27664877	1172	1185	De-identified	T169	C0205245
27664877	1186	1190	data	T078	C1511726
27664877	1199	1205	ABSITE	T170	C0282574
27664877	1210	1220	first-time	T079	C1254367
27664877	1221	1225	pass	T033	C2828386
27664877	1226	1231	rates	T081	C1521828
27664877	1240	1242	QE	T065	C0013652
27664877	1247	1249	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	1250	1261	examination	UnknownType	C0681376
27664877	1267	1282	retrospectively	T062	C0035363
27664877	1283	1292	collected	T078	C1516695
27664877	1297	1305	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27664877	1317	1331	survey results	T033	C0683954
27664877	1333	1353	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27664877	1358	1367	performed	T169	C0884358
27664877	1374	1389	SPSS version 22	T170	C0282574
27664877	1447	1458	significant	T078	C0750502
27664877	1460	1466	Survey	T170	C0038951
27664877	1467	1475	response	T041	C2911692
27664877	1476	1480	rate	T081	C1521828
27664877	1499	1508	residents	UnknownType	C0682286
27664877	1518	1527	attempted	T051	C1516084
27664877	1532	1534	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	1536	1546	first-time	T079	C1254367
27664877	1547	1551	pass	T033	C2828386
27664877	1552	1556	rate	T081	C1521828
27664877	1589	1603	implementation	T052	C1708476
27664877	1618	1620	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	1621	1625	Prep	T052	C1521827
27664877	1665	1673	Absolute	T080	C0205344
27664877	1674	1680	ABSITE	T170	C0282574
27664877	1681	1686	score	T081	C0449820
27664877	1692	1701	mock oral	T082	C0442027
27664877	1702	1708	annual	T079	C0332181
27664877	1709	1727	examination grades	T080	C0870091
27664877	1733	1746	significantly	T078	C0750502
27664877	1747	1755	improved	T033	C0184511
27664877	1766	1768	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	1769	1773	Prep	T052	C1521827
27664877	1778	1787	initiated	T078	C1550022
27664877	1841	1847	ABSITE	T170	C0282574
27664877	1848	1858	percentile	T081	C1264641
27664877	1867	1880	significantly	T078	C0750502
27664877	1881	1890	different	T080	C1705242
27664877	1904	1910	ABSITE	T170	C0282574
27664877	1915	1920	score	T081	C0449820
27664877	1925	1935	percentile	T081	C1264641
27664877	1948	1957	mock oral	T082	C0442027
27664877	1958	1964	annual	T079	C0332181
27664877	1965	1976	examination	UnknownType	C0681376
27664877	1977	1983	scores	T081	C0449820
27664877	1989	2002	significantly	T078	C0750502
27664877	2003	2018	associated with	T080	C0332281
27664877	2019	2026	passing	T033	C2828386
27664877	2031	2033	QE	T065	C0013652
27664877	2083	2092	mock oral	T082	C0442027
27664877	2093	2099	annual	T079	C0332181
27664877	2100	2111	examination	UnknownType	C0681376
27664877	2112	2118	scores	T081	C0449820
27664877	2130	2145	associated with	T080	C0332281
27664877	2146	2153	passing	T033	C2828386
27664877	2158	2160	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	2174	2188	Survey results	T033	C0683954
27664877	2201	2210	residents	UnknownType	C0682286
27664877	2211	2220	perceived	T041	C0030971
27664877	2225	2227	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	2250	2256	annual	T079	C0332181
27664877	2257	2266	mock oral	T082	C0442027
27664877	2277	2288	institution	T093	C2607850
27664877	2296	2298	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	2299	2303	prep	T052	C1521827
27664877	2343	2356	no difference	T033	C3842396
27664877	2366	2376	perception	T041	C0030971
27664877	2380	2392	preparedness	T033	C1318963
27664877	2403	2413	applicants	T098	C0696628
27664877	2419	2428	extremely	T080	C0205403
27664877	2429	2437	prepared	T033	C4082130
27664877	2446	2448	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	2462	2474	Likert scale	T170	C0451267
27664877	2488	2508	educational programs	T065	C0150562
27664877	2527	2536	residency	T065	C0035182
27664877	2541	2548	improve	T033	C0184511
27664877	2549	2557	resident	UnknownType	C0682286
27664877	2558	2569	performance	T055	C0597198
27664877	2577	2580	ABS	T093	C1708333
27664877	2581	2603	certifying examination	T065	C0013652
27664877	2609	2620	institution	T093	C2607850
27664877	2634	2645	faculty-led	UnknownType	C0682256
27664877	2646	2653	monthly	T079	C0332177
27664877	2654	2656	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	2657	2668	preparation	T052	C1521827
27664877	2669	2688	educational program	T065	C0150562
27664877	2696	2719	University of Wisconsin	T093	C1708333
27664877	2724	2737	significantly	T078	C0750502
27664877	2738	2746	improved	T033	C0184511
27664877	2751	2761	first-time	T079	C1254367
27664877	2762	2766	pass	T033	C2828386
27664877	2767	2771	rate	T081	C1521828
27664877	2780	2783	ABS	T093	C1708333
27664877	2784	2786	CE	T065	C0013652
27664877	2788	2797	Mock oral	T082	C0442027
27664877	2798	2804	annual	T079	C0332181
27664877	2805	2816	examination	UnknownType	C0681376
27664877	2817	2823	scores	T081	C0449820
27664877	2834	2847	significantly	T078	C0750502
27664877	2848	2856	improved	T033	C0184511
27664877	2871	2877	ABSITE	T170	C0282574
27664877	2878	2884	scores	T081	C0449820
27664877	2885	2894	correlate	T080	C1707520
27664877	2900	2902	QE	T065	C0013652
27664877	2903	2907	pass	T033	C2828386
27664877	2908	2913	rates	T081	C1521828
27664877	2919	2928	mock oral	T082	C0442027
27664877	2929	2935	annual	T079	C0332181
27664877	2936	2947	examination	UnknownType	C0681376
27664877	2948	2954	scores	T081	C0449820
27664877	2955	2964	correlate	T080	C1707520
27664877	2970	2974	pass	T033	C2828386
27664877	2975	2980	rates	T081	C1521828
27664877	2990	2992	QE	T065	C0013652
27664877	2997	2999	CE	T065	C0013652

27665231|t|Using farmers' attitude and social pressures to design voluntary Bluetongue vaccination strategies
27665231|a|Understanding the context and drivers of farmers' decision-making is critical to designing successful voluntary disease control interventions. This study uses a questionnaire based on the Reasoned Action Approach framework to assess the determinants of farmers' intention to participate in a hypothetical reactive vaccination scheme against Bluetongue. Results suggest that farmers' attitude and social pressures best explained intention. A mix of policy instruments can be used in a complementary way to motivate voluntary vaccination based on the finding that participation is influenced by both internal and external motivation. Next to informational and incentive -based instruments, social pressures, which stem from different type of perceived norms, can spur farmers' vaccination behaviour and serve as catalysts in voluntary vaccination schemes.
27665231	6	14	farmers'	T097	C0221460
27665231	15	23	attitude	T041	C0004271
27665231	28	44	social pressures	T054	C0679969
27665231	48	54	design	T052	C1707689
27665231	55	64	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27665231	65	75	Bluetongue	T047	C0005866
27665231	76	87	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27665231	117	124	context	T078	C0449255
27665231	140	148	farmers'	T097	C0221460
27665231	149	164	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27665231	168	176	critical	T080	C1511545
27665231	180	189	designing	T052	C1707689
27665231	201	210	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27665231	211	226	disease control	T061	C0920467
27665231	227	240	interventions	T061	C0184661
27665231	260	273	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27665231	287	321	Reasoned Action Approach framework	T078	C1254370
27665231	325	331	assess	T058	C0184514
27665231	336	348	determinants	T169	C1521761
27665231	352	360	farmers'	T097	C0221460
27665231	361	370	intention	T041	C0162425
27665231	374	385	participate	T169	C0679823
27665231	391	403	hypothetical	T078	C1512571
27665231	413	431	vaccination scheme	T061	C0042196
27665231	440	450	Bluetongue	T047	C0005866
27665231	473	481	farmers'	T097	C0221460
27665231	482	490	attitude	T041	C0004271
27665231	495	511	social pressures	T054	C0679969
27665231	527	536	intention	T041	C0162425
27665231	547	553	policy	T170	C0242456
27665231	604	612	motivate	T041	C0026605
27665231	613	622	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27665231	623	634	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27665231	661	674	participation	T169	C0679823
27665231	719	729	motivation	T041	C0026605
27665231	739	752	informational	T078	C1533716
27665231	757	766	incentive	T080	C0021147
27665231	787	803	social pressures	T054	C0679969
27665231	839	854	perceived norms	UnknownType	C0814550
27665231	865	873	farmers'	T097	C0221460
27665231	874	885	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27665231	886	895	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27665231	909	918	catalysts	T067	C0175921
27665231	922	931	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27665231	932	951	vaccination schemes	T061	C0042196

27665258|t|Mobile phone use, behavioural problems and concentration capacity in adolescents: A prospective study
27665258|a|The aim of this study is to prospectively investigate whether exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by mobile phones and other wireless communication devices is related to behavioural problems or concentration capacity in adolescents. The HERMES (Health Effects Related to Mobile phonE use in adolescentS) study sample consisted of 439 Swiss adolescents aged 12-17 years. Behavioural problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), concentration capacity of the adolescents was measured by means of a standardized computerized cognitive test named FAKT. Cross-sectional and longitudinal (1year of follow-up) analyses were performed to investigate possible associations between behavioural problems and concentration capacity and different exposure measures: self-reported and operator -recorded wireless communication device use, cumulative RF-EMF brain and whole body dose and measured personal RF-EMF exposure. In the cross-sectional analyses behavioural problems were associated with several self-reported wireless device use measures but not operator -recorded mobile phone use measures, concentration capacity was associated with several self-reported and operator -recorded exposures. The longitudinal analyses point towards absence of associations. The lack of consistent exposure -response patterns in the longitudinal analyses suggests that behavioural problems and concentration capacity are not affected by the use of wireless communication devices or RF-EMF exposure. Information bias and reverse causality are likely explanations for the observed cross-sectional findings.
27665258	0	12	Mobile phone	T073	C1136360
27665258	13	16	use	T169	C0457083
27665258	18	38	behavioural problems	T048	C0233514
27665258	43	56	concentration	T041	C0086045
27665258	57	65	capacity	T081	C1516240
27665258	69	80	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27665258	84	101	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27665258	118	123	study	T062	C2603343
27665258	144	155	investigate	T169	C1292732
27665258	164	175	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27665258	176	213	radiofrequency electromagnetic fields	T070	C0013835
27665258	215	221	RF-EMF	T070	C0013835
27665258	234	247	mobile phones	T073	C1136360
27665258	258	288	wireless communication devices	T073	C3825042
27665258	303	323	behavioural problems	T048	C0233514
27665258	327	340	concentration	T041	C0086045
27665258	341	349	capacity	T081	C1516240
27665258	353	364	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27665258	370	376	HERMES	T062	C0681814
27665258	378	384	Health	T078	C0018684
27665258	385	392	Effects	T080	C1280500
27665258	393	400	Related	T080	C0439849
27665258	404	416	Mobile phonE	T073	C1136360
27665258	424	435	adolescentS	T100	C0205653
27665258	443	449	sample	T096	C0681850
27665258	467	472	Swiss	T098	C0241315
27665258	473	484	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27665258	485	489	aged	T032	C0001779
27665258	496	501	years	T079	C0439234
27665258	503	523	Behavioural problems	T048	C0233514
27665258	529	537	assessed	T052	C1516048
27665258	548	588	Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire	T170	C3472494
27665258	590	593	SDQ	T170	C3472494
27665258	596	609	concentration	T041	C0086045
27665258	610	618	capacity	T081	C1516240
27665258	626	637	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27665258	642	650	measured	T080	C0444706
27665258	665	705	standardized computerized cognitive test	T170	C0237892
27665258	712	716	FAKT	T170	C0282574
27665258	718	733	Cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
27665258	738	750	longitudinal	T062	C0023981
27665258	752	757	1year	T079	C0439234
27665258	761	770	follow-up	T033	C0589120
27665258	772	780	analyses	T062	C0936012
27665258	786	795	performed	T169	C0884358
27665258	799	810	investigate	T169	C1292732
27665258	820	832	associations	T080	C0439849
27665258	841	861	behavioural problems	T048	C0233514
27665258	866	879	concentration	T041	C0086045
27665258	880	888	capacity	T081	C1516240
27665258	893	902	different	T080	C1705242
27665258	903	911	exposure	T080	C0332157
27665258	912	920	measures	T081	C0079809
27665258	922	935	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27665258	940	948	operator	T097	C0335223
27665258	959	988	wireless communication device	T073	C3825042
27665258	994	1004	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27665258	1005	1011	RF-EMF	T070	C0013835
27665258	1012	1017	brain	T023	C0006104
27665258	1022	1032	whole body	T017	C0444584
27665258	1042	1050	measured	T080	C0444706
27665258	1060	1066	RF-EMF	T070	C0013835
27665258	1067	1075	exposure	T080	C0332157
27665258	1084	1108	cross-sectional analyses	T062	C0010362
27665258	1109	1129	behavioural problems	T048	C0233514
27665258	1135	1150	associated with	T080	C0332281
27665258	1159	1172	self-reported	T170	C0684224
27665258	1173	1188	wireless device	T073	C0699733
27665258	1189	1192	use	T169	C0457083
27665258	1193	1201	measures	T081	C0079809
27665258	1210	1218	operator	T097	C0335223
27665258	1229	1241	mobile phone	T073	C1136360
27665258	1242	1245	use	T169	C0457083
27665258	1246	1254	measures	T081	C0079809
27665258	1256	1269	concentration	T041	C0086045
27665258	1270	1278	capacity	T081	C1516240
27665258	1283	1298	associated with	T080	C0332281
27665258	1307	1320	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27665258	1325	1333	operator	T097	C0335223
27665258	1344	1353	exposures	T080	C0332157
27665258	1359	1380	longitudinal analyses	T062	C0023981
27665258	1395	1402	absence	T169	C0332197
27665258	1406	1418	associations	T080	C0439849
27665258	1424	1428	lack	T080	C0332268
27665258	1432	1442	consistent	T078	C0332290
27665258	1443	1451	exposure	T080	C0332157
27665258	1462	1470	patterns	T082	C0449774
27665258	1478	1499	longitudinal analyses	T062	C0023981
27665258	1514	1534	behavioural problems	T048	C0233514
27665258	1539	1552	concentration	T041	C0086045
27665258	1553	1561	capacity	T081	C1516240
27665258	1570	1578	affected	T169	C0392760
27665258	1593	1623	wireless communication devices	T073	C3825042
27665258	1627	1633	RF-EMF	T070	C0013835
27665258	1634	1642	exposure	T080	C0332157
27665258	1644	1655	Information	T078	C1533716
27665258	1656	1660	bias	T078	C0242568
27665258	1694	1706	explanations	T170	C0681841
27665258	1724	1748	cross-sectional findings	T062	C0010362

27665545|t|Twisting method for reducing friction during insertion of a sheath introducer and a sheathless guiding catheter
27665545|a|A sheathless system that inserts a catheter directly into the artery can reduce puncture site -related complications through a 2-Fr reduction of the outer diameter. However, the gap between the dilator and the guiding catheter of the sheathless system is larger than the gap between the dilator and sheath of the introducer system, resulting in stronger insertion resistance. A twisting method with rapid alternating rotation of a device to the left and right during insertion can reduce the insertion resistance. This method can be effective with the sheathless system which has a larger gap. To examine the effect of size reduction on the sheathless system and the effect of insertion resistance reduction using the twisting method, we developed an insertion simulator and compared insertion resistance to a 5-Fr sheath introducer and a 5-Fr sheathless system, with and without the twisting method. The insertion simulator pushed a sheath introducer or a sheathless system toward a mock artery consisted with a 5-mm urethane and a 1-mm rubber sheet by an electrical motor with or without twisting motion generated by a crank shaft. Insertion resistance during the penetration was measured by a tension meter. The insertion resistance was less with the 5-Fr sheathless system than with the 5-Fr sheath introducer. The resistance reduced further with use of twisting for both the sheathed and sheathless catheters. In conclusion, the experiment suggests the benefits of twisting insertion of a sheathless guiding catheter for reduction of puncture site -related complications.
27665545	0	15	Twisting method	T169	C0449851
27665545	20	28	reducing	T080	C0392756
27665545	29	37	friction	T070	C0162691
27665545	45	54	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	60	66	sheath	T074	C1299426
27665545	67	77	introducer	T074	C0179695
27665545	84	111	sheathless guiding catheter	T074	C0221799
27665545	114	131	sheathless system	T169	C0449913
27665545	137	144	inserts	T058	C0441587
27665545	147	155	catheter	T074	C0179724
27665545	156	164	directly	T080	C1947931
27665545	174	180	artery	T023	C0003842
27665545	185	191	reduce	T080	C0392756
27665545	192	200	puncture	T067	C1881711
27665545	201	205	site	T082	C0230992
27665545	215	228	complications	T046	C0274317
27665545	239	253	2-Fr reduction	T080	C0332519
27665545	261	275	outer diameter	T082	C4086674
27665545	290	293	gap	T082	C3887622
27665545	306	313	dilator	T074	C0180431
27665545	322	338	guiding catheter	T074	C0221799
27665545	346	363	sheathless system	T169	C0449913
27665545	367	373	larger	T081	C0549177
27665545	383	386	gap	T082	C3887622
27665545	399	406	dilator	T074	C0180431
27665545	411	417	sheath	T074	C1299426
27665545	425	442	introducer system	T074	C0179695
27665545	466	475	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	476	486	resistance	T067	C1880315
27665545	490	505	twisting method	T169	C0449851
27665545	511	516	rapid	T080	C0456962
27665545	517	528	alternating	T169	C0332270
27665545	529	537	rotation	T169	C0035868
27665545	543	549	device	T074	C0025080
27665545	579	588	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	579	588	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	593	599	reduce	T080	C0392756
27665545	604	613	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	614	624	resistance	T067	C1880315
27665545	645	654	effective	T080	C1704419
27665545	664	681	sheathless system	T169	C0449913
27665545	694	700	larger	T081	C0549177
27665545	701	704	gap	T082	C3887622
27665545	721	730	effect of	T080	C1704420
27665545	731	735	size	T082	C0456389
27665545	736	745	reduction	T080	C0332519
27665545	753	770	sheathless system	T169	C0449913
27665545	779	788	effect of	T080	C1704420
27665545	789	798	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	799	809	resistance	T067	C1880315
27665545	810	819	reduction	T080	C0392756
27665545	830	845	twisting method	T169	C0449851
27665545	863	872	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	873	882	simulator	T074	C0183309
27665545	887	895	compared	T052	C1707455
27665545	896	905	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	906	916	resistance	T067	C1880315
27665545	922	933	5-Fr sheath	T074	C1299426
27665545	934	944	introducer	T074	C0179695
27665545	951	973	5-Fr sheathless system	T169	C0449913
27665545	996	1011	twisting method	T169	C0449851
27665545	1017	1026	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	1027	1036	simulator	T074	C0183309
27665545	1046	1052	sheath	T074	C1299426
27665545	1053	1063	introducer	T074	C0179695
27665545	1069	1086	sheathless system	T169	C0449913
27665545	1096	1100	mock	T033	C0562577
27665545	1101	1107	artery	T023	C0003842
27665545	1125	1138	5-mm urethane	T074	C2721056
27665545	1145	1162	1-mm rubber sheet	T074	C0183069
27665545	1169	1185	electrical motor	T073	C1705994
27665545	1202	1210	twisting	T169	C0449851
27665545	1211	1217	motion	T070	C0026597
27665545	1233	1244	crank shaft	T073	C1705197
27665545	1246	1255	Insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	1256	1266	resistance	T067	C1880315
27665545	1278	1289	penetration	T169	C0205321
27665545	1294	1302	measured	T080	C0444706
27665545	1308	1321	tension meter	T074	C1706378
27665545	1327	1336	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	1337	1347	resistance	T067	C1880315
27665545	1366	1388	5-Fr sheathless system	T169	C0449913
27665545	1403	1414	5-Fr sheath	T074	C1299426
27665545	1415	1425	introducer	T074	C0179695
27665545	1431	1441	resistance	T067	C1880315
27665545	1442	1449	reduced	T080	C0392756
27665545	1470	1478	twisting	T169	C0449851
27665545	1492	1500	sheathed	T074	C0179724
27665545	1505	1525	sheathless catheters	T074	C0179724
27665545	1530	1540	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27665545	1570	1578	benefits	T081	C0814225
27665545	1582	1590	twisting	T169	C0449851
27665545	1591	1600	insertion	T061	C0021107
27665545	1606	1633	sheathless guiding catheter	T074	C0221799
27665545	1638	1647	reduction	T080	C0392756
27665545	1651	1659	puncture	T067	C1881711
27665545	1660	1664	site	T082	C0230992
27665545	1674	1687	complications	T046	C0274317

27665550|t|Unconventional Protein Secretion in Plants
27665550|a|Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) describes secretion pathways that bypass one or several of the canonical secretion pit-stops on the way to the plasma membrane, and/or involve the secretion of leaderless proteins. So far, alternatives to conventional secretion were primarily observed and studied in yeast and animal cells. The sessile lifestyle of plants brings with it unique restraints on how they adapt to adverse conditions and environmental challenges. Recently, attention towards unconventional secretion pathways in plant cells has substantially increased, with the large number of leaderless proteins identified through proteomic studies. While UPS pathways in plants are certainly not yet exhaustively researched, an emerging notion is that induction of UPS pathways is correlated with pathogenesis and stress responses. Given the multitude UPS events observed, comprehensively organizing the routes proteins take to the apoplast in defined UPS categories is challenging. With the establishment of a larger collection of studied plant proteins taking these UPS pathways, a clearer picture of endomembrane trafficking as a whole will emerge. There are several novel enabling technologies, such as vesicle proteomics and chemical genomics, with great potential for dissecting secretion pathways, providing information about the cargo that travels along them and the conditions that induce them.
27665550	0	14	Unconventional	T080	C2700116
27665550	15	32	Protein Secretion	T043	C1159339
27665550	36	42	Plants	T002	C0032098
27665550	43	57	Unconventional	T080	C2700116
27665550	58	75	protein secretion	T043	C1159339
27665550	77	80	UPS	T043	C1159339
27665550	82	91	describes	T078	C1552738
27665550	92	110	secretion pathways	T043	C1159342
27665550	130	137	several	T081	C0443302
27665550	145	154	canonical	T081	C0870245
27665550	155	164	secretion	T038	C0036536
27665550	193	208	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27665550	217	224	involve	T169	C1314939
27665550	229	238	secretion	T038	C0036536
27665550	253	261	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27665550	271	283	alternatives	T077	C1523987
27665550	287	299	conventional	T080	C3538928
27665550	300	309	secretion	T038	C0036536
27665550	315	324	primarily	T080	C0205225
27665550	325	333	observed	T169	C1441672
27665550	338	345	studied	T062	C0008972
27665550	349	354	yeast	T004	C0043393
27665550	359	371	animal cells	T025	C0007634
27665550	377	384	sessile	T080	C0205348
27665550	398	404	plants	T002	C0032098
27665550	420	426	unique	T080	C1710548
27665550	450	477	adapt to adverse conditions	T040	C0001400
27665550	482	506	environmental challenges	T082	C0557737
27665550	518	527	attention	T041	C0004268
27665550	536	550	unconventional	T080	C2700116
27665550	551	569	secretion pathways	T043	C1159342
27665550	573	584	plant cells	T025	C3178867
27665550	650	658	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27665550	659	669	identified	T080	C0205396
27665550	678	695	proteomic studies	T091	C0872252
27665550	703	706	UPS	T043	C1159339
27665550	707	715	pathways	T077	C1705987
27665550	719	725	plants	T002	C0032098
27665550	800	809	induction	T169	C0205263
27665550	813	816	UPS	T043	C1159339
27665550	817	825	pathways	T077	C1705987
27665550	829	839	correlated	T080	C1707520
27665550	845	857	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27665550	862	878	stress responses	T039	C2350025
27665550	900	903	UPS	T043	C1159339
27665550	921	936	comprehensively	T080	C1880156
27665550	937	947	organizing	T169	C1300196
27665550	959	967	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27665550	980	988	apoplast	T026	C1325756
27665550	1000	1003	UPS	T043	C1159339
27665550	1040	1053	establishment	T080	C0443211
27665550	1066	1076	collection	T169	C1516698
27665550	1088	1102	plant proteins	T116	C0032089
27665550	1116	1119	UPS	T043	C1159339
27665550	1120	1128	pathways	T077	C1705987
27665550	1151	1163	endomembrane	T026	C1167315
27665550	1164	1175	trafficking	T043	C0599896
27665550	1210	1217	several	T081	C0443302
27665550	1218	1223	novel	T080	C0205314
27665550	1224	1232	enabling	T041	C1171285
27665550	1233	1245	technologies	T090	C0039421
27665550	1255	1262	vesicle	T026	C1622418
27665550	1263	1273	proteomics	T091	C0872252
27665550	1278	1286	chemical	T103	C0220806
27665550	1287	1295	genomics	T091	C0887950
27665550	1308	1317	potential	T080	C3245505
27665550	1322	1332	dissecting	T169	C0205239
27665550	1333	1351	secretion pathways	T043	C1159342
27665550	1353	1362	providing	T052	C1999230
27665550	1363	1374	information	T078	C1533716
27665550	1439	1445	induce	T169	C0205263

27665747|t|Upregulation and activation of δ ‑opioid receptors p romotes the progression of human b reast cancer
27665747|a|δ‑opioid receptor (DOR) belongs to the family of G protein‑coupled receptors (GPCRs). Numerous studies have shown that DOR is widely distributed in human peripheral tissues and is closely related to the development and progression of certain malignant tumours. However, there is controversy in the literature regarding whether DOR has an impact on the development and progression of human breast cancer. The present study comprehensively elaborates on the biological functions of DOR by determining the distribution of DOR expression in breast cancer tissues and cells and by further verifying the effects of DOR on breast cancer progression. DOR was found to be highly expressed in human breast cancer tissues and cells. In addition, the high expression level of DOR positively correlated with tumour grade and clinical stage and negatively correlated with breast cancer metastasis and prognosis. Upregulating and activating DOR promoted the proliferation of human breast cancer cells in a concentration‑dependent manner within a specific concentration range, whereas downregulating or inhibiting DOR activation significantly suppressed cell proliferation. The majority of tumour cells were arrested in G1 phase, and some cells exhibited apoptosis. DOR upregulation and activation induced protein kinase C (PKC) activation, resulting in increased phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal‑regulated kinases (ERKs). After inhibition of the P KC /ERK signalling pathway, the effects of DOR on breast cancer were significantly attenuated in vivo and in vitro. In summary, DOR is highly expressed in breast cancer and is closely related to its progression. These results suggest that DOR may serve as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of breast cancer and may be a viable molecular target for therapeutic intervention.
27665747	0	12	Upregulation	T044	C0949479
27665747	17	27	activation	T043	C1514758
27665747	33	52	‑opioid receptors p	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	65	76	progression	T046	C1947901
27665747	80	85	human	T016	C0086418
27665747	88	100	reast cancer	T191	C0006142
27665747	101	118	δ‑opioid receptor	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	120	123	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	152	177	protein‑coupled receptors	T116,T192	C0682972
27665747	179	184	GPCRs	T116,T192	C0682972
27665747	220	223	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	249	254	human	T016	C0086418
27665747	255	273	peripheral tissues	T024	C0040300
27665747	304	315	development	T039	C0243107
27665747	320	331	progression	T046	C1947901
27665747	343	360	malignant tumours	T191	C0006826
27665747	428	431	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	453	464	development	T039	C0243107
27665747	469	480	progression	T046	C1947901
27665747	484	489	human	T016	C0086418
27665747	490	503	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27665747	517	522	study	T062	C2603343
27665747	523	538	comprehensively	T080	C1880156
27665747	557	577	biological functions	T038	C3714634
27665747	581	584	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	604	616	distribution	T169	C1704711
27665747	620	623	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	624	634	expression	T045	C0597360
27665747	638	651	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27665747	652	659	tissues	T024	C0040300
27665747	664	669	cells	T025	C0334227
27665747	699	709	effects of	T080	C1704420
27665747	710	713	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	717	730	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27665747	731	742	progression	T046	C1947901
27665747	744	747	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	771	780	expressed	T045	C0597360
27665747	784	789	human	T016	C0086418
27665747	790	803	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27665747	804	811	tissues	T024	C0040300
27665747	816	821	cells	T025	C0334227
27665747	845	861	expression level	T081	C3244092
27665747	865	868	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	869	879	positively	T033	C1514241
27665747	896	908	tumour grade	T080	C0475753
27665747	913	927	clinical stage	T201	C1300072
27665747	932	942	negatively	T033	C1513916
27665747	959	972	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27665747	973	983	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27665747	988	997	prognosis	T201	C1516221
27665747	999	1011	Upregulating	T044	C0949479
27665747	1016	1026	activating	T043	C1514758
27665747	1027	1030	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	1044	1057	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27665747	1061	1066	human	T016	C0086418
27665747	1067	1080	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27665747	1081	1086	cells	T025	C0334227
27665747	1170	1184	downregulating	T044	C0013081
27665747	1188	1198	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27665747	1199	1202	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	1203	1213	activation	T043	C1514758
27665747	1228	1238	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27665747	1239	1257	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27665747	1275	1287	tumour cells	T025	C0334227
27665747	1293	1301	arrested	T043	C1155873
27665747	1305	1313	G1 phase	T079	C0079395
27665747	1324	1329	cells	T025	C0334227
27665747	1340	1349	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27665747	1351	1354	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	1355	1367	upregulation	T044	C0949479
27665747	1372	1382	activation	T043	C1514758
27665747	1391	1407	protein kinase C	T116,T126	C1259877
27665747	1409	1412	PKC	T116,T126	C1259877
27665747	1414	1424	activation	T045	C0599177
27665747	1449	1464	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27665747	1465	1471	levels	T080	C0441889
27665747	1475	1513	extracellular signal‑regulated kinases	T116,T126	C0600388
27665747	1515	1519	ERKs	T116,T126	C0600388
27665747	1546	1550	P KC	T116,T126	C1259877
27665747	1548	1574	KC /ERK signalling pathway	T044	C0037080
27665747	1580	1590	effects of	T080	C1704420
27665747	1591	1594	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	1598	1611	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27665747	1642	1649	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27665747	1654	1662	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27665747	1667	1674	summary	T170	C0242482
27665747	1676	1679	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	1690	1699	expressed	T045	C0597360
27665747	1703	1716	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27665747	1747	1758	progression	T046	C1947901
27665747	1766	1773	results	T169	C1274040
27665747	1787	1790	DOR	T116,T192	C0140057
27665747	1806	1815	potential	T080	C3245505
27665747	1816	1825	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27665747	1834	1839	early	T079	C1279919
27665747	1840	1849	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27665747	1853	1866	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27665747	1887	1903	molecular target	T104,T120	C1513403
27665747	1908	1932	therapeutic intervention	T061	C0808232

27665996|t|IFN-γ -producing Th1-like regulatory T cells may limit acute cellular renal allograft rejection: Paradoxical post-transplantation effects of IFN-γ
27665996|a|IFN-γ is a protypical proinflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in inflammation and acute graft rejection. Accumulating evidence indicates that IFN-γ can exert previously unexpected immunoregulatory activities. However, little is known about the role of IFN-γ secreted by Th1-like regulatory T cells in human kidney transplantation. To determine the function of IFN-γ in acute T cell-mediated renal allograft rejection (ACR), we examined serum cytokine expression profiles in ACR patients by human cytokine multiplex immunoassay and analyzed the cellular origins of IFN-γ in peripheral blood and renal allograft biopsies from ACR cases and controls by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The results showed significant reduction in serum concentrations of Th1 -inducing cytokines IL-12p70 and IFN-γ as well as Th2 -related cytokine IL-4 in ACR patients compared with stable controls. However, levels of several Th1 -, Th2 - and Th17 -related cytokines, such as IL-2, TNF-α, TNF-β, IL-12 (p40), IL-10, IL-15, IL-17, IL-21, and IL-23, as well as the frequencies of Th1 and Th17 cell, did not differ between ACR cases and stable controls. Moreover, we found the levels of IFN-γ were correlated with those of the anti-inflammatory factor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) in ACR. Notably, the Th1-like Treg cell -to- Foxp3(-) Th1 cell ratio was significantly lower in ACR patients compared with that in stable controls. In graft biopsies from ACR patients, Treg cells and Th1-like Treg cells were less abundant than those without ACR. Our study indicates that IFN-γ secreted from Th1-like Treg cells negatively modulates ACR.
27665996	0	5	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27665996	17	25	Th1-like	T116,T123	C1451170
27665996	26	44	regulatory T cells	T025	C0039198
27665996	55	95	acute cellular renal allograft rejection	T042	C1735634
27665996	97	108	Paradoxical	T080	C0205310
27665996	109	137	post-transplantation effects	T033	C0243095
27665996	141	146	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27665996	147	152	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27665996	169	193	proinflammatory cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27665996	223	235	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27665996	240	261	acute graft rejection	T037	C1736177
27665996	300	305	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27665996	338	365	immunoregulatory activities	T040	C0678889
27665996	410	415	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27665996	428	436	Th1-like	T116,T123	C1451170
27665996	437	455	regulatory T cells	T025	C0039198
27665996	459	464	human	T016	C0086418
27665996	465	487	kidney transplantation	T061	C0022671
27665996	506	514	function	T169	C0542341
27665996	518	523	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27665996	527	574	acute T cell-mediated renal allograft rejection	T042	C1735634
27665996	576	579	ACR	T042	C1735634
27665996	594	599	serum	T031	C0229671
27665996	600	608	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27665996	609	619	expression	T045	C1171362
27665996	632	635	ACR	T042	C1735634
27665996	636	644	patients	T101	C0030705
27665996	648	653	human	T016	C0086418
27665996	654	662	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27665996	673	684	immunoassay	T059	C0020980
27665996	702	718	cellular origins	T078	C0282637
27665996	722	727	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27665996	731	747	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27665996	752	767	renal allograft	T023	C0564454
27665996	768	776	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27665996	782	785	ACR	T042	C1735634
27665996	808	822	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27665996	827	847	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27665996	894	903	reduction	T080	C0392756
27665996	907	927	serum concentrations	T081	C0683149
27665996	931	934	Th1	T025	C0242632
27665996	945	954	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27665996	955	963	IL-12p70	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27665996	968	973	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27665996	985	988	Th2	T025	C0242633
27665996	998	1006	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27665996	1007	1011	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27665996	1015	1018	ACR	T042	C1735634
27665996	1019	1027	patients	T101	C0030705
27665996	1068	1074	levels	T080	C0441889
27665996	1086	1089	Th1	T025	C0242632
27665996	1093	1096	Th2	T025	C0242633
27665996	1103	1107	Th17	T025	C2936411
27665996	1117	1126	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27665996	1136	1140	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27665996	1142	1147	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27665996	1149	1154	TNF-β	T116,T129	C0024320
27665996	1156	1167	IL-12 (p40)	T116,T129	C1121402
27665996	1169	1174	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27665996	1176	1181	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27665996	1183	1188	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27665996	1190	1195	IL-21	T116,T129	C0962190
27665996	1201	1206	IL-23	T116,T123	C0963088
27665996	1238	1241	Th1	T025	C0242632
27665996	1246	1255	Th17 cell	T025	C2936411
27665996	1280	1283	ACR	T042	C1735634
27665996	1334	1340	levels	T080	C0441889
27665996	1344	1349	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27665996	1384	1408	anti-inflammatory factor	T129	C0021054
27665996	1410	1434	IL-1 receptor antagonist	T116,T121	C1504688
27665996	1436	1442	IL-1Ra	T116,T121	C1504688
27665996	1447	1450	ACR	T042	C1735634
27665996	1465	1473	Th1-like	T116,T123	C1451170
27665996	1474	1483	Treg cell	T025	C0039198
27665996	1489	1497	Foxp3(-)	T028	C1416467
27665996	1498	1501	Th1	T025	C0242632
27665996	1502	1512	cell ratio	T059	C3516452
27665996	1540	1543	ACR	T042	C1735634
27665996	1544	1552	patients	T101	C0030705
27665996	1595	1600	graft	T024	C0332835
27665996	1601	1609	biopsies	T060	C0005558
27665996	1615	1618	ACR	T042	C1735634
27665996	1619	1627	patients	T101	C0030705
27665996	1629	1639	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
27665996	1644	1652	Th1-like	T116,T123	C1451170
27665996	1653	1663	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
27665996	1702	1705	ACR	T042	C1735634
27665996	1711	1716	study	T062	C2603343
27665996	1732	1737	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27665996	1752	1760	Th1-like	T116,T123	C1451170
27665996	1761	1771	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
27665996	1793	1796	ACR	T042	C1735634

27666119|t|Prognostic and therapeutic value of mitochondrial serine hydroxyl-methyltransferase 2 as a breast cancer biomarker
27666119|a|Mitochondrial serine hydroxylmethyltransferase 2 (SHMT2) is a key enzyme in the serine/glycine synthesis pathway. SHMT2 has been implicated as a critical component for tumor cell survival. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value and efficiency of SHMT2 as a biomarker in patients with breast cancer. Individual and pooled survival analyses were performed on five independent breast cancer microarray datasets. Gene signatures enriched by SHMT2 were also analyzed in these datasets. SHMT2 protein expression was detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay in 128 breast cancer cases. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that SHMT2 was significantly associated with gene signatures of mitochondrial module, cancer invasion, metastasis and poor survival among breast cancer patients (p<0.05). The clinical relevance of SHMT2 was validated on IHC data. The mitochondrial localization of SHMT2 protein was visualized on IHC staining. Independent and pooled analysis confirmed that SHMT2 expression was associated with breast cancer tumor aggressiveness (TNM staging and Elson grade) in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05). The prognostic performance of SHMT2 mRNA was comparable to other gene signatures and proved superior to TNM staging. Further analysis results indicated that SHMT2 had better prognostic value for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients, compared to ER-positive patients. In cases involving stage IIb breast cancer, chemotherapy significantly extended survival time among patients with high SHMT2 expression. These results indicate that SHMT2 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker in ER-negative breast cancer cases. Furthermore, SHMT2 may be a potential target for breast cancer treatment and drug discovery.
27666119	0	10	Prognostic	T170	C0220901
27666119	15	32	therapeutic value	T080	C0450028
27666119	36	85	mitochondrial serine hydroxyl-methyltransferase 2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	91	104	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27666119	105	114	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27666119	115	163	Mitochondrial serine hydroxylmethyltransferase 2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	165	170	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	181	187	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27666119	195	227	serine/glycine synthesis pathway	T044	C1156644
27666119	229	234	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	283	293	tumor cell	T025	C0597032
27666119	294	302	survival	T043	C0007620
27666119	353	363	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27666119	388	393	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	399	408	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27666119	412	420	patients	T101	C0030705
27666119	426	439	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27666119	441	451	Individual	T098	C0237401
27666119	456	462	pooled	T098	C1257890
27666119	463	480	survival analyses	T062	C0038953
27666119	516	529	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27666119	530	540	microarray	T073	C1709016
27666119	541	549	datasets	T170	C0150098
27666119	551	566	Gene signatures	T169	C1708225
27666119	579	584	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	613	621	datasets	T170	C0150098
27666119	623	628	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	629	647	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27666119	667	687	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27666119	689	692	IHC	T060	C0021044
27666119	694	699	assay	T059	C1510438
27666119	707	720	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27666119	728	756	Gene set enrichment analysis	T062	C0936012
27666119	771	776	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	811	826	gene signatures	T169	C1708225
27666119	830	850	mitochondrial module	T044	C1959595
27666119	852	867	cancer invasion	T033	C1269955
27666119	869	879	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27666119	884	897	poor survival	T033	C0243095
27666119	904	917	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27666119	918	926	patients	T101	C0030705
27666119	963	968	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	986	989	IHC	T060	C0021044
27666119	990	994	data	T078	C1511726
27666119	1000	1026	mitochondrial localization	T038	C1657244
27666119	1030	1043	SHMT2 protein	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	1062	1065	IHC	T060	C0021044
27666119	1066	1074	staining	T059	C0487602
27666119	1076	1087	Independent	T062	C0936012
27666119	1092	1107	pooled analysis	T062	C0936012
27666119	1123	1128	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	1129	1139	expression	T045	C1171362
27666119	1160	1173	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27666119	1174	1194	tumor aggressiveness	T080	C0205556
27666119	1196	1207	TNM staging	T185	C1515169
27666119	1212	1223	Elson grade	T201	C1527124
27666119	1230	1244	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27666119	1266	1276	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27666119	1292	1297	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	1298	1302	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27666119	1327	1342	gene signatures	T169	C1708225
27666119	1366	1377	TNM staging	T185	C1515169
27666119	1419	1424	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	1436	1446	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27666119	1457	1488	estrogen receptor (ER)-negative	T034	C0279756
27666119	1489	1502	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27666119	1503	1511	patients	T101	C0030705
27666119	1525	1536	ER-positive	T034	C0279754
27666119	1537	1545	patients	T101	C0030705
27666119	1566	1589	stage IIb breast cancer	T191	C2216697
27666119	1591	1603	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27666119	1618	1626	extended	T082	C0231449
27666119	1627	1640	survival time	T201	C2919552
27666119	1647	1655	patients	T101	C0030705
27666119	1666	1671	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	1672	1682	expression	T045	C1171362
27666119	1712	1717	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	1736	1746	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27666119	1747	1756	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27666119	1760	1771	ER-negative	T034	C0279756
27666119	1772	1785	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27666119	1806	1811	SHMT2	T116,T126	C4045550
27666119	1842	1855	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27666119	1856	1865	treatment	T061	C0087111
27666119	1870	1884	drug discovery	T062	C0920472

27666303|t|Improving end-of-life care through quality improvement
27666303|a|Although end of life (EoL) care has been identified as an area for quality improvement in hospitals, the quality of care Canadian patients receive at the end of life is not well-evidenced. National statistics indicate that Canadians would prefer to die at home, yet more than 50% die in acute care hospital settings. Busy and often highly specialised acute care units may be perceived as a distressing place of death for both patients and their families. Furthermore, many clinicians are not trained in diagnosing imminent dying, managing symptoms at the end of life or supporting dying patients and their families. As such, to improve the experience of EoL care, a corporate, institution -wide strategy entitled the Quality Dying Initiative was introduced and implemented across a tertiary care academic teaching hospital. A primary focus of this initiative was the implementation of a comprehensive Comfort Measures Strategy. This strategy involved the development of an evidence-based order set, which included elements of symptom assessment and management, patient and family education, and spiritual and emotional support. Staff education and mentoring was also a critical element of the larger Comfort Measures Strategy, as well as an evaluative component.
27666303	0	9	Improving	T080	C1272745
27666303	10	26	end-of-life care	T058	C0085555
27666303	35	54	quality improvement	T057	C2936612
27666303	64	86	end of life (EoL) care	T058	C0085555
27666303	96	106	identified	T080	C0205396
27666303	122	141	quality improvement	T057	C2936612
27666303	145	154	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27666303	160	175	quality of care	T058	C0034379
27666303	176	184	Canadian	T033	C0238884
27666303	185	193	patients	T101	C0030705
27666303	209	220	end of life	T058	C0085555
27666303	244	263	National statistics	T081	C0032685
27666303	278	287	Canadians	T033	C0238884
27666303	304	315	die at home	T033	C0946476
27666303	335	338	die	T033	C1306577
27666303	342	370	acute care hospital settings	T073,T093	C3661916
27666303	394	405	specialised	T077	C1704211
27666303	406	422	acute care units	T093	C1547195
27666303	445	456	distressing	T033	C0231303
27666303	457	471	place of death	T033	C0421611
27666303	481	489	patients	T101	C0030705
27666303	500	508	families	T099	C0015576
27666303	528	538	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27666303	558	568	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
27666303	569	583	imminent dying	T033	C2363727
27666303	585	593	managing	T057	C1273870
27666303	594	602	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27666303	610	621	end of life	T058	C0085555
27666303	625	635	supporting	T077	C1521721
27666303	636	650	dying patients	T101	C0871503
27666303	661	669	families	T099	C0015576
27666303	709	717	EoL care	T058	C0085555
27666303	721	730	corporate	T093	C0010089
27666303	732	743	institution	T073,T093	C0018704
27666303	772	785	Quality Dying	T058	C1254363
27666303	786	796	Initiative	T041	C0424093
27666303	801	811	introduced	T169	C1292748
27666303	816	827	implemented	T052	C1708476
27666303	837	850	tertiary care	T058	C3494403
27666303	851	859	academic	T065	C0000875
27666303	860	877	teaching hospital	T073,T093	C0020027
27666303	881	888	primary	T080	C0205225
27666303	889	894	focus	T169	C1285542
27666303	903	913	initiative	T041	C0424093
27666303	922	936	implementation	T052	C1708476
27666303	942	955	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27666303	956	972	Comfort Measures	T058	C0150521
27666303	988	996	strategy	T041	C0679199
27666303	1010	1021	development	T169	C1527148
27666303	1028	1052	evidence-based order set	T091	C2350327
27666303	1069	1077	elements	T077	C3812827
27666303	1081	1099	symptom assessment	T058	C3494437
27666303	1104	1114	management	T057	C1273870
27666303	1116	1123	patient	T065	C0030688
27666303	1128	1144	family education	T058	C0150577
27666303	1150	1159	spiritual	T058	C0150355
27666303	1164	1181	emotional support	T058	C0600015
27666303	1183	1198	Staff education	T065	C0588974
27666303	1203	1212	mentoring	T065	C4255266
27666303	1233	1240	element	T077	C3812827
27666303	1255	1271	Comfort Measures	T058	C0150521
27666303	1296	1317	evaluative component.	T058	C0220825

27667368|t|The value of counting WHO - defined cardiovascular risk factors for death and disability in a national sample of adults with psychosis
27667368|a|This study explored the prevalence and associations of eight WHO - defined CVD risk factors for death and disability in people with psychosis. The study included 1156 people aged 18-64years, diagnosed with psychosis. The 2009 World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Health Risks Report was used as a framework to determine the prevalence and number of eight key risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in men and women with psychosis. Differences in the number and type of risk factors by age and gender were investigated. Multi-predictor analysis was performed to identify associations between demographic factors, psychiatric diagnosis and accumulative CVD risk factors. Women had fewer CVD risk factors than men. The number of risk factors significantly decreased in association with single marital status, current employment and significantly increased with earning a higher income. People aged 35-49years and 50-64years had an average of 4 risk factors (SD 1.38 and 1.30); people aged 18-34years had an average of 3 risk factors (SD 1.30). Mean risk factors were higher in the middle age and older age groups (35-49years and 50-64years) compared with the younger age group (18-34years) (p<0.0001). Overweight/obesity, hypertension, high blood glucose / diabetes and high cholesterol were significantly more prevalent in older men and women. People with psychosis have a high prevalence of individual and aggregate CVD risks. These were more common in men and rose with age, implying the necessity of close clinical monitoring. The most common risk factors should be targeted by lifestyle interventions.
27667368	13	21	counting	T081	C0750480
27667368	22	25	WHO	T093	C0043237
27667368	28	35	defined	T170	C1704788
27667368	36	63	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	68	73	death	T040	C0011065
27667368	78	88	disability	T033	C0231170
27667368	94	109	national sample	T098	C1257890
27667368	113	119	adults	T100	C0001675
27667368	125	134	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27667368	140	145	study	T062	C2603343
27667368	159	169	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27667368	174	186	associations	T080	C0439849
27667368	196	199	WHO	T093	C0043237
27667368	202	209	defined	T170	C1704788
27667368	210	226	CVD risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	231	236	death	T040	C0011065
27667368	241	251	disability	T033	C0231170
27667368	255	261	people	T098	C0027361
27667368	267	276	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27667368	282	287	study	T062	C2603343
27667368	302	308	people	T098	C0027361
27667368	309	313	aged	T032	C0001779
27667368	314	324	18-64years	T100	C4036019
27667368	326	335	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27667368	341	350	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27667368	361	386	World Health Organisation	T093	C0043237
27667368	388	391	WHO	T093	C0043237
27667368	393	399	Global	T080	C2348867
27667368	400	406	Health	T078	C0018684
27667368	407	412	Risks	T078	C0035647
27667368	413	419	Report	T170	C0684224
27667368	434	443	framework	T170	C3161035
27667368	447	456	determine	T080	C0521095
27667368	461	471	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27667368	496	508	risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	513	535	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27667368	537	540	CVD	T047	C0007222
27667368	545	548	men	T098	C0025266
27667368	553	558	women	T098	C0043210
27667368	564	573	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27667368	575	586	Differences	T080	C1705242
27667368	594	600	number	T081	C0237753
27667368	605	609	type	T080	C0332307
27667368	613	625	risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	629	632	age	T032	C0001779
27667368	637	643	gender	T032	C0079399
27667368	649	661	investigated	T169	C1292732
27667368	663	687	Multi-predictor analysis	T062	C0936012
27667368	692	701	performed	T169	C0884358
27667368	705	713	identify	T080	C0205396
27667368	714	726	associations	T080	C0439849
27667368	735	754	demographic factors	T078	C0011292
27667368	756	777	psychiatric diagnosis	T048	C0376338
27667368	795	811	CVD risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	813	818	Women	T098	C0043210
27667368	823	828	fewer	T081	C0205388
27667368	829	845	CVD risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	851	854	men	T098	C0025266
27667368	870	882	risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	897	906	decreased	T081	C0205216
27667368	910	921	association	T080	C0439849
27667368	927	948	single marital status	T033	C1549113
27667368	950	968	current employment	T032	C0552390
27667368	987	996	increased	T081	C0205217
27667368	1002	1009	earning	T081	C0680989
27667368	1019	1025	income	T081	C0021162
27667368	1027	1033	People	T098	C0027361
27667368	1034	1038	aged	T032	C0001779
27667368	1039	1049	35-49years	T100	C0027362
27667368	1054	1064	50-64years	T100	C0027362
27667368	1085	1097	risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	1099	1101	SD	T081	C0871420
27667368	1118	1124	people	T098	C0027361
27667368	1125	1129	aged	T032	C0001779
27667368	1130	1140	18-34years	T100	C0027362
27667368	1161	1173	risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	1175	1177	SD	T081	C0871420
27667368	1190	1202	risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	1222	1232	middle age	T100	C0205847
27667368	1237	1242	older	T098	C0001792
27667368	1243	1253	age groups	T100	C0027362
27667368	1255	1265	35-49years	T100	C0027362
27667368	1270	1280	50-64years	T100	C0027362
27667368	1282	1290	compared	T052	C1707455
27667368	1300	1317	younger age group	T100	C0238598
27667368	1319	1329	18-34years	T100	C0027362
27667368	1343	1361	Overweight/obesity	T047	C4237343
27667368	1363	1375	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27667368	1377	1395	high blood glucose	T047	C0020456
27667368	1398	1406	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27667368	1411	1427	high cholesterol	T047	C0020443
27667368	1452	1461	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27667368	1471	1474	men	T098	C0025266
27667368	1479	1484	women	T098	C0043210
27667368	1486	1492	People	T098	C0027361
27667368	1498	1507	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27667368	1520	1530	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27667368	1534	1544	individual	T098	C0237401
27667368	1549	1558	aggregate	T080	C0205418
27667368	1559	1568	CVD risks	T047	C0850624
27667368	1586	1592	common	T081	C0205214
27667368	1596	1599	men	T098	C0025266
27667368	1614	1617	age	T032	C0001779
27667368	1651	1659	clinical	T080	C0205210
27667368	1660	1670	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27667368	1681	1687	common	T081	C0205214
27667368	1688	1700	risk factors	T047	C0850624
27667368	1711	1719	targeted	T169	C1521840
27667368	1723	1732	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27667368	1733	1746	interventions	T169	C1314939

27667559|t|Effects of an early intervention using human amniotic epithelial cells in a COPD rat model
27667559|a|The study aimed to investigate the effect of an early intervention using human amniotic epithelial cell (hAEC) in a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty-four specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were randomized to the control, COPD, and COPD + hAEC groups. COPD was established by intratracheal LPS injection combined with smoke fumigation over 30 days. On the first day of model establishment rats in the AEC group also received intratracheal instillation of 500,000 hAECs isolated from the placenta of healthy donors. The mean linear intercept (MLI) and mean alveolar number (MAN) were used to assess the degree of lung emphysema. IL-8 was measured using a radioimmunoassay, surfactant protein D (SP-D) was measured by ELISA, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP8 expression was assessed by PCR. Smoke fumigation combined to LPS injection successfully established a COPD rat model with significant emphysema and airway inflammation, elevated MLI and MAN, elevated systemic and lung tissue levels of IL-8 and SP-D (P<0.05), and high expression of MMP2 and MMP8. Rats in the COPD + hAEC group exhibited alleviated lung damage, MLI and MAN (P<0.05), reduced systemic and lung tissue levels of IL-8 and SP-D (P<0.05) and MMP2 and MMP8 expression (P<0.05). Early intervention using hAECs could delay disease progression in rats with COPD.
27667559	0	7	Effects	T080	C1280500
27667559	20	32	intervention	T061	C0184661
27667559	39	44	human	T016	C0086418
27667559	45	53	amniotic	T018	C0002630
27667559	54	70	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27667559	76	80	COPD	T047	C0024117
27667559	81	84	rat	T015	C0034716
27667559	85	90	model	T075	C0026336
27667559	95	100	study	T062	C2603343
27667559	110	121	investigate	T169	C1292732
27667559	126	132	effect	T080	C1280500
27667559	145	157	intervention	T061	C0184661
27667559	164	169	human	T016	C0086418
27667559	170	178	amniotic	T018	C0002630
27667559	179	194	epithelial cell	T025	C0014597
27667559	196	200	hAEC	T025	C0014597
27667559	207	210	rat	T015	C0034716
27667559	211	216	model	T075	C0026336
27667559	220	257	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
27667559	259	263	COPD	T047	C0024117
27667559	278	300	specific pathogen-free	T001	C0162470
27667559	301	312	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27667559	318	328	randomized	T062,T170	C0206034
27667559	336	343	control	T096	C0009932
27667559	345	349	COPD	T047	C0024117
27667559	355	359	COPD	T047	C0024117
27667559	362	366	hAEC	T025	C0014597
27667559	367	373	groups	T078	C0441833
27667559	375	379	COPD	T047	C0024117
27667559	399	412	intratracheal	T169	C1555389
27667559	413	416	LPS	T109	C0023810
27667559	441	446	smoke	T131	C0037366
27667559	447	457	fumigation	T068	C0016804
27667559	466	470	days	T079	C0439228
27667559	485	488	day	T079	C0439228
27667559	492	497	model	T075	C0026336
27667559	512	516	rats	T015	C0034716
27667559	524	527	AEC	T025	C0014597
27667559	528	533	group	T078	C0441833
27667559	548	574	intratracheal instillation	T169	C1555389
27667559	586	591	hAECs	T025	C0014597
27667559	610	618	placenta	T018	C0032043
27667559	622	629	healthy	T080	C3898900
27667559	630	636	donors	T098	C0013018
27667559	642	663	mean linear intercept	T081	C1444754
27667559	665	668	MLI	T081	C1444754
27667559	674	694	mean alveolar number	T081	C0237753
27667559	696	699	MAN	T081	C0237753
27667559	735	749	lung emphysema	T047	C0034067
27667559	751	755	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
27667559	777	793	radioimmunoassay	T059	C0034580
27667559	795	815	surfactant protein D	T116,T123	C0084692
27667559	817	821	SP-D	T116,T123	C0084692
27667559	839	844	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27667559	850	881	matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2	T116,T126	C0172537
27667559	886	890	MMP8	T116,T126	C0172956
27667559	891	901	expression	T045	C1171362
27667559	918	921	PCR	T063	C0032520
27667559	923	928	Smoke	T131	C0037366
27667559	929	939	fumigation	T068	C0016804
27667559	952	955	LPS	T109	C0023810
27667559	993	997	COPD	T047	C0024117
27667559	998	1001	rat	T015	C0034716
27667559	1002	1007	model	T075	C0026336
27667559	1025	1034	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27667559	1039	1058	airway inflammation	T046	C0021368
27667559	1060	1068	elevated	T080	C3163633
27667559	1069	1072	MLI	T081	C1444754
27667559	1077	1080	MAN	T081	C0237753
27667559	1082	1090	elevated	T080	C3163633
27667559	1091	1099	systemic	T169	C0205373
27667559	1104	1108	lung	T023	C0024109
27667559	1109	1115	tissue	T024	C0040300
27667559	1116	1122	levels	T080	C0441889
27667559	1126	1130	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
27667559	1135	1139	SP-D	T116,T123	C0084692
27667559	1159	1169	expression	T045	C1171362
27667559	1173	1177	MMP2	T116,T126	C0172537
27667559	1182	1186	MMP8	T116,T126	C0172956
27667559	1188	1192	Rats	T015	C0034716
27667559	1200	1204	COPD	T047	C0024117
27667559	1207	1211	hAEC	T025	C0014597
27667559	1212	1217	group	T078	C0441833
27667559	1228	1238	alleviated	T080	C0392756
27667559	1239	1243	lung	T023	C0024109
27667559	1244	1250	damage	T037	C0010957
27667559	1252	1255	MLI	T081	C1444754
27667559	1260	1263	MAN	T081	C0237753
27667559	1274	1281	reduced	T080	C0392756
27667559	1282	1290	systemic	T169	C0205373
27667559	1295	1299	lung	T023	C0024109
27667559	1300	1306	tissue	T024	C0040300
27667559	1307	1313	levels	T080	C0441889
27667559	1317	1321	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
27667559	1326	1330	SP-D	T116,T123	C0084692
27667559	1344	1348	MMP2	T116,T126	C0172537
27667559	1353	1357	MMP8	T116,T126	C0172956
27667559	1358	1368	expression	T045	C1171362
27667559	1385	1397	intervention	T061	C0184661
27667559	1404	1409	hAECs	T025	C0014597
27667559	1422	1441	disease progression	T046	C0242656
27667559	1445	1449	rats	T015	C0034716
27667559	1455	1459	COPD	T047	C0024117

27667560|t|Systematic Identification of Pharmacological Targets from Small-Molecule Phenotypic Screens
27667560|a|Phenotypic drug discovery offers some advantages over target - based methods, mainly because it allows drug leads to be tested in systems that more closely model distinct disease states. However, a potential disadvantage is the difficulty of linking the observed phenotype to a specific cellular target. To address this problem, we developed DePick, a computational target de-convolution tool to determine targets specifically linked to small-molecule phenotypic screens. We applied DePick to eight publicly available screens and predicted 59 drug target - phenotype associations. In addition to literature - based evidence for our predictions, we provide experimental support for seven predicted associations. Interestingly, our analysis led to the discovery of a previously unrecognized connection between the Wnt signaling pathway and an aromatase, CYP19A1. These results demonstrate that the DePick approach can not only accelerate target de-convolution but also aid in discovery of new functionally relevant biological relationships.
27667560	0	10	Systematic	T169	C0220922
27667560	11	25	Identification	T041	C0020792
27667560	29	44	Pharmacological	T038	C0007992
27667560	45	52	Targets	T169	C1521840
27667560	58	72	Small-Molecule	T109	C1328819
27667560	73	91	Phenotypic Screens	T059	C0373483
27667560	92	102	Phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27667560	103	117	drug discovery	T062	C0920472
27667560	130	140	advantages	UnknownType	C0681074
27667560	146	152	target	T169	C1521840
27667560	155	160	based	T169	C1527178
27667560	161	168	methods	T170	C0025663
27667560	195	205	drug leads	T121	C0013227
27667560	212	218	tested	T169	C0039593
27667560	222	229	systems	T169	C0449913
27667560	235	239	more	T081	C0205172
27667560	240	247	closely	T033	C3810854
27667560	248	253	model	T075	C0026339
27667560	254	262	distinct	T080	C2963144
27667560	263	277	disease states	T033	C0231294
27667560	290	299	potential	T080	C3245505
27667560	300	312	disadvantage	T080	C0205556
27667560	320	330	difficulty	T080	C0332218
27667560	334	341	linking	T052	C2986575
27667560	346	354	observed	T169	C1441672
27667560	355	364	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27667560	370	378	specific	T080	C0205369
27667560	379	387	cellular	T025	C0007634
27667560	388	394	target	T169	C1521840
27667560	412	419	problem	T033	C0033213
27667560	424	433	developed	T169	C1527148
27667560	434	440	DePick	T170	C0037589
27667560	444	457	computational	T052	C1880157
27667560	465	479	de-convolution	T066	C1707643
27667560	480	484	tool	T073	C2827396
27667560	488	497	determine	T059	C1148554
27667560	498	505	targets	T169	C1521840
27667560	506	518	specifically	T080	C0205369
27667560	519	525	linked	T052	C2986575
27667560	529	543	small-molecule	T109	C1328819
27667560	544	562	phenotypic screens	T059	C0373483
27667560	567	574	applied	T169	C1632850
27667560	575	581	DePick	T170	C0037589
27667560	591	599	publicly	T092	C0678367
27667560	610	617	screens	T074	C0302765
27667560	622	631	predicted	T078	C0681842
27667560	635	639	drug	T121	C0013227
27667560	640	646	target	T169	C1521840
27667560	649	658	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27667560	659	671	associations	T080	C0439849
27667560	688	698	literature	T170	C0023866
27667560	701	706	based	T169	C1527178
27667560	707	715	evidence	T078	C3887511
27667560	724	735	predictions	T078	C0681842
27667560	740	747	provide	T052	C1999230
27667560	748	760	experimental	T080	C1517586
27667560	761	768	support	T077	C1521721
27667560	779	788	predicted	T078	C0681842
27667560	789	801	associations	T080	C0439849
27667560	803	816	Interestingly	T041	C0543488
27667560	822	830	analysis	T062	C0936012
27667560	842	851	discovery	T052	C1880355
27667560	857	867	previously	T079	C0205156
27667560	868	880	unrecognized	T080	C4288068
27667560	881	891	connection	T082	C0449379
27667560	904	925	Wnt signaling pathway	T044	C1520113
27667560	933	942	aromatase	T116,T126	C0003805
27667560	944	951	CYP19A1	T116,T126	C3254086
27667560	959	966	results	T033	C0683954
27667560	967	978	demonstrate	T080	C0443289
27667560	988	994	DePick	T170	C0037589
27667560	1017	1027	accelerate	T169	C0521110
27667560	1028	1034	target	T169	C1521840
27667560	1035	1049	de-convolution	T066	C1707643
27667560	1059	1062	aid	T080	C1269765
27667560	1066	1075	discovery	T052	C1880355
27667560	1083	1095	functionally	T169	C0205245
27667560	1096	1104	relevant	T080	C2347946
27667560	1105	1115	biological	T080	C0205460
27667560	1116	1129	relationships	T080	C0439849

27667643|t|' Yarn with me': applying clinical yarning to improve clinician - patient communication in Aboriginal health care
27667643|a|Although successful communication is at the heart of the clinical consultation, communication between Aboriginal patients and practitioners such as doctors, nurses and allied health professionals, continues to be problematic and is arguably the biggest barrier to the delivery of successful health care to Aboriginal people. This paper presents an overarching framework for practitioners to help them reorientate their communication with Aboriginal patients using ' clinical yarning '. Clinical yarning is a patient -centred approach that marries Aboriginal cultural communication preferences with biomedical understandings of health and disease. Clinical yarning consists of three interrelated areas: the social yarn, in which the practitioner aims to find common ground and develop the interpersonal relationship; the diagnostic yarn, in which the practitioner facilitates the patient's health story while interpreting it through a biomedical or scientific lens; and the management yarn, that employs stories and metaphors as tools for patients to help them understand a health issue so a collaborative management approach can be adopted. There is cultural and research evidence that supports this approach. Clinical yarning has the potential to improve outcomes for patients and practitioners.
27667643	2	6	Yarn	T058	C1512347
27667643	26	42	clinical yarning	T058	C1512347
27667643	54	63	clinician	T097	C0871685
27667643	66	73	patient	T101	C0030705
27667643	74	87	communication	T054	C0009452
27667643	91	101	Aboriginal	T098	C0935542
27667643	102	113	health care	T058	C0086388
27667643	134	147	communication	T054	C0009452
27667643	171	192	clinical consultation	T058	C0009818
27667643	194	207	communication	T054	C0009452
27667643	216	226	Aboriginal	T098	C0935542
27667643	227	235	patients	T101	C0030705
27667643	240	253	practitioners	T097	C0017319
27667643	262	269	doctors	T097	C0031831
27667643	271	277	nurses	T097	C0028661
27667643	282	309	allied health professionals	T097	C0002122
27667643	327	338	problematic	T033	C0033213
27667643	405	416	health care	T058	C0086388
27667643	420	437	Aboriginal people	T098	C0935542
27667643	462	483	overarching framework	T170	C0282574
27667643	488	501	practitioners	T097	C0017319
27667643	533	546	communication	T054	C0009452
27667643	552	562	Aboriginal	T098	C0935542
27667643	563	571	patients	T101	C0030705
27667643	580	596	clinical yarning	T058	C1512347
27667643	600	616	Clinical yarning	T058	C1512347
27667643	622	629	patient	T101	C0030705
27667643	661	671	Aboriginal	T098	C0935542
27667643	672	694	cultural communication	T054	C0009452
27667643	712	722	biomedical	T091	C1879848
27667643	741	759	health and disease	T070	C0679215
27667643	761	777	Clinical yarning	T058	C1512347
27667643	820	826	social	T169	C0728831
27667643	827	831	yarn	T058	C1512347
27667643	846	858	practitioner	T097	C0017319
27667643	902	928	interpersonal relationship	T054	C0021797
27667643	934	944	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27667643	945	949	yarn	T058	C1512347
27667643	964	976	practitioner	T097	C0017319
27667643	993	1002	patient's	T101	C0030705
27667643	1003	1015	health story	T078	C1254370
27667643	1048	1058	biomedical	T091	C1879848
27667643	1062	1077	scientific lens	T059	C0947630
27667643	1098	1102	yarn	T058	C1512347
27667643	1109	1124	employs stories	T078	C1254370
27667643	1129	1138	metaphors	T078	C0302829
27667643	1152	1160	patients	T101	C0030705
27667643	1187	1199	health issue	T033	C0243095
27667643	1205	1238	collaborative management approach	T062	C0681804
27667643	1264	1272	cultural	T169	C0220814
27667643	1277	1285	research	T062	C0242481
27667643	1286	1294	evidence	T078	C3887511
27667643	1324	1340	Clinical yarning	T058	C1512347
27667643	1370	1378	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27667643	1383	1391	patients	T101	C0030705
27667643	1396	1409	practitioners	T097	C0017319

27668006|t|Sakuranetin Inhibits Inflammatory Enzyme, Cytokine, and Costimulatory Molecule Expression in Macrophages through Modulation of JNK, p38, and STAT1
27668006|a|Sakuranetin is flavonoid phytoalexin that serves as a plant antibiotic and exists in Prunus and several other plant species. Recently, we identified the anti-inflammatory effect of Prunus yedoensis and found that there were few studies on the potential anti-inflammatory activity of sakuranetin, one of the main constituents of Prunus yedoensis. Here, we isolated peritoneal macrophages from thioglycollate -injected mice and examined whether sakuranetin affected the response of the macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon- (IFN-) γ or LPS only. Sakuranetin suppressed the synthesis of iNOS and COX2 in LPS / IFN-γ stimulated cells and the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 in LPS stimulated cells. The surface expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD86 and CD40, was also decreased. Among the LPS -induced signaling molecules, STAT1, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation was attenuated. These findings are evidence that sakuranetin acts as anti-inflammatory flavonoid and further study is required to evaluate its in vivo efficacy.
27668006	0	11	Sakuranetin	T109	C0390172
27668006	21	40	Inflammatory Enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27668006	42	50	Cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27668006	56	89	Costimulatory Molecule Expression	T045	C1171362
27668006	93	104	Macrophages	T025	C0024432
27668006	127	130	JNK	T116,T126	C0248813
27668006	132	135	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27668006	141	146	STAT1	T116,T123	C0287920
27668006	147	158	Sakuranetin	T109	C0390172
27668006	162	171	flavonoid	T109	C0596577
27668006	172	183	phytoalexin	T123	C1130460
27668006	201	206	plant	T002	C0032098
27668006	207	217	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27668006	232	238	Prunus	T002	C0330654
27668006	257	262	plant	T002	C0032098
27668006	263	270	species	T185	C1705920
27668006	300	324	anti-inflammatory effect	T080	C1515999
27668006	328	344	Prunus yedoensis	T002	C0996778
27668006	375	382	studies	T062	C2603343
27668006	400	426	anti-inflammatory activity	T033	C0243095
27668006	430	441	sakuranetin	T109	C0390172
27668006	475	491	Prunus yedoensis	T002	C0996778
27668006	511	521	peritoneal	T029	C0442034
27668006	522	533	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27668006	539	553	thioglycollate	T109	C0039899
27668006	564	568	mice	T015	C0026809
27668006	590	601	sakuranetin	T109	C0390172
27668006	615	623	response	T032	C0871261
27668006	631	642	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27668006	646	654	response	T032	C0871261
27668006	658	676	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27668006	678	681	LPS	T109	C0023810
27668006	688	708	interferon- (IFN-) γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27668006	712	715	LPS	T109	C0023810
27668006	722	733	Sakuranetin	T109	C0390172
27668006	762	766	iNOS	T116,T126	C1565683
27668006	771	775	COX2	T116,T126	C1447194
27668006	779	782	LPS	T109	C0023810
27668006	785	790	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27668006	791	807	stimulated cells	T025	C0007634
27668006	829	834	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27668006	836	840	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27668006	846	851	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27668006	855	858	LPS	T109	C0023810
27668006	859	875	stimulated cells	T025	C0007634
27668006	881	899	surface expression	T045	C1171362
27668006	907	930	costimulatory molecules	T129	C0003320
27668006	932	936	CD86	T116,T129	C0527903
27668006	941	945	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
27668006	977	980	LPS	T109	C0023810
27668006	990	1009	signaling molecules	T123	C1519315
27668006	1011	1016	STAT1	T116,T123	C0287920
27668006	1018	1021	JNK	T116,T126	C0248813
27668006	1027	1030	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27668006	1031	1046	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27668006	1069	1077	findings	T033	C0243095
27668006	1096	1107	sakuranetin	T109	C0390172
27668006	1116	1143	anti-inflammatory flavonoid	T109	C0596577
27668006	1156	1161	study	T062	C2603343
27668006	1190	1197	in vivo	T082	C1515655

27668722|t|Effect of single-dose carbapenem exposure on transcriptional expression of blaNDM-1 and mexA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
27668722|a|The therapeutic option of a carbapenem antibiotic is compromised in Pseudomonas aeruginosa owing both to acquired and intrinsic resistance mechanisms. In recent years, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase has been the focus as a predominant carbapenem resistance determinant. However, it is unclear which of the mechanisms might be adopted by a P. aeruginosa strain possessing both blaNDM-1 and an overexpressed MexAB-OprM system during carbapenem therapy. This study investigated the interplay of both mechanisms in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa when exposed to meropenem. Five strains were used: (i) strain overexpressing MexAB-OprM but with no blaNDM-1; (ii) strain harbouring blaNDM-1 but expressing MexAB-OprM at basal level; (iii) strain possessing blaNDM-1 and overexpressing MexAB-OprM; (iv) P. aeruginosa PAO1; and (v) P. aeruginosa K2733-PAO1 (ΔMexAB-OprM ΔMexCD-OprJ ΔMexEF-OprN ΔMexXY-OprM) into which blaNDM-1 was cloned. Strains were incubated in Luria-Bertani broth with and without 1μg/mL meropenem. Total RNA was isolated at 45-min intervals and was immediately reverse transcribed to cDNA. This was repeated for 6h. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed for both resistance mechanisms. Meropenem exposure did not significantly elevate transcription of either the blaNDM-1 or mexA gene. However, an interesting finding was that upon single-dose exposure to carbapenem, the efflux pump system played a major role in bacterial survival compared with NDM-1. This study gives an insight into the bacterial response to carbapenem antibiotic when two different resistance mechanisms coexist. This type of study would be helpful in designing future antimicrobials.
27668722	10	21	single-dose	T201	C1960417
27668722	22	32	carbapenem	T109,T195	C0006968
27668722	33	41	exposure	T033	C0743284
27668722	45	71	transcriptional expression	T045	C0017262
27668722	75	83	blaNDM-1	T028	C3699343
27668722	88	92	mexA	T028	C0376623
27668722	96	118	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27668722	123	141	therapeutic option	T169	C0302350
27668722	147	168	carbapenem antibiotic	T109,T195	C0006968
27668722	187	209	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27668722	224	232	acquired	T040	C1155281
27668722	237	257	intrinsic resistance	T032	C0949669
27668722	287	316	New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase	T116,T126	C2973511
27668722	353	386	carbapenem resistance determinant	T032	C0949285
27668722	457	470	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27668722	471	477	strain	T001	C1518614
27668722	494	502	blaNDM-1	T028	C3699343
27668722	510	523	overexpressed	T045	C0017262
27668722	524	534	MexAB-OprM	T028	C0029073
27668722	549	559	carbapenem	T109,T195	C0006968
27668722	560	567	therapy	T061	C0338237
27668722	629	646	clinical isolates	T123	C1764827
27668722	650	663	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27668722	680	689	meropenem	T109,T195	C0066005
27668722	696	703	strains	T001	C1518614
27668722	719	740	strain overexpressing	T045	C0017262
27668722	741	751	MexAB-OprM	T028	C0029073
27668722	761	763	no	T169	C0332197
27668722	764	772	blaNDM-1	T028	C3699343
27668722	797	805	blaNDM-1	T028	C3699343
27668722	810	820	expressing	T045	C0017262
27668722	821	831	MexAB-OprM	T028	C0029073
27668722	854	860	strain	T001	C1518614
27668722	872	880	blaNDM-1	T028	C3699343
27668722	885	899	overexpressing	T045	C0017262
27668722	900	910	MexAB-OprM	T028	C0029073
27668722	917	935	P. aeruginosa PAO1	T007	C4164297
27668722	945	969	P. aeruginosa K2733-PAO1	T007	C4164297
27668722	971	982	ΔMexAB-OprM	T028	C0029073
27668722	983	994	ΔMexCD-OprJ	T028	C0029073
27668722	995	1006	ΔMexEF-OprN	T028	C0029073
27668722	1007	1018	ΔMexXY-OprM	T028	C0029073
27668722	1031	1039	blaNDM-1	T028	C3699343
27668722	1044	1050	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
27668722	1052	1059	Strains	T001	C1518614
27668722	1078	1097	Luria-Bertani broth	T130	C2919900
27668722	1122	1131	meropenem	T109,T195	C0066005
27668722	1133	1142	Total RNA	T059	C4086963
27668722	1196	1215	reverse transcribed	T045	C0035380
27668722	1219	1223	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27668722	1251	1277	Quantitative real-time PCR	T063	C3179034
27668722	1301	1322	resistance mechanisms	T062	C1517585
27668722	1324	1333	Meropenem	T109,T195	C0066005
27668722	1334	1342	exposure	T033	C0743284
27668722	1365	1386	elevate transcription	T045	C0040649
27668722	1401	1409	blaNDM-1	T028	C3699343
27668722	1413	1422	mexA gene	T028	C0376623
27668722	1470	1481	single-dose	T201	C1960417
27668722	1482	1504	exposure to carbapenem	T033	C0743284
27668722	1510	1528	efflux pump system	T024	C3824504
27668722	1544	1570	role in bacterial survival	T169	C0220921
27668722	1585	1590	NDM-1	T116,T126	C2973511
27668722	1629	1672	bacterial response to carbapenem antibiotic	T040	C0683154
27668722	1692	1713	resistance mechanisms	T062	C1517585
27668722	1779	1793	antimicrobials	T121	C1136254

27668791|t|Serial cVEMP Testing is Sensitive to Disease Progression in Ménière Patients
27668791|a|To assess the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) ability to track disease progression in Ménière's disease patients over time and identify the most sensitive outcome measurement. Retrospective. Large specialty hospital, department of otolaryngology. Twenty nine Ménière's patients and seven migraine associated vertigo (MAV) patients. All patients underwent two cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential tests at 250, 500, 750, and 1000 Hz with a minimum test interval of 3 months. Threshold, peak-to-peak (PP) amplitude, interaural asymmetry ratio, and effect size. In affected Ménière's ears all outcome measures were worse during the second test, for threshold this difference was statistically significant at 750 and 1000 Hz compared with the first test. Compared with young healthy ears the threshold was significantly worse at all frequencies. PP amplitude was significantly decreased at the second test at 750 Hz compared with the first test. In MAV no significant difference between tests was found at any frequency in PP amplitude or threshold. In Ménière's ears, threshold showed a higher first -to- second effect size at 500, 750, and 1000 Hz compared with PP amplitude. cVEMP is able to track progression in Ménière's disease over time. Thresholds were the most effective outcome measure to both track progression and to distinguish between MAV and Ménière's patients.
27668791	7	12	cVEMP	T034	C2936455
27668791	13	20	Testing	T060	C0683443
27668791	24	33	Sensitive	T169	C0332324
27668791	37	56	Disease Progression	T046	C0242656
27668791	60	67	Ménière	T047	C0025281
27668791	68	76	Patients	T101	C0030705
27668791	91	137	cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials	T034	C2936455
27668791	139	145	cVEMPs	T034	C2936455
27668791	164	183	disease progression	T046	C0242656
27668791	187	204	Ménière's disease	T047	C0025281
27668791	205	213	patients	T101	C0030705
27668791	246	255	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27668791	256	275	outcome measurement	T081	C0086749
27668791	277	290	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
27668791	308	316	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27668791	332	346	otolaryngology	T091	C0029892
27668791	360	369	Ménière's	T047	C0025281
27668791	370	378	patients	T101	C0030705
27668791	389	397	migraine	T047	C0149931
27668791	409	416	vertigo	T184	C0042571
27668791	418	421	MAV	T184	C0042571
27668791	423	431	patients	T101	C0030705
27668791	437	445	patients	T101	C0030705
27668791	460	505	cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential	T034	C2936455
27668791	506	511	tests	T060	C0683443
27668791	557	561	test	T060	C0683443
27668791	584	593	Threshold	T081	C0004312
27668791	595	622	peak-to-peak (PP) amplitude	T060	C0430022
27668791	624	650	interaural asymmetry ratio	T033	C0243095
27668791	656	667	effect size	T081	C0814843
27668791	681	690	Ménière's	T047	C0025281
27668791	691	695	ears	T023	C0013443
27668791	700	716	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27668791	739	745	second	T081	C0205436
27668791	746	750	test	T060	C0683443
27668791	756	765	threshold	T081	C0004312
27668791	786	811	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27668791	849	854	first	T081	C0205435
27668791	855	859	test	T060	C0683443
27668791	875	880	young	T079	C0332239
27668791	881	888	healthy	T080	C3898900
27668791	889	893	ears	T023	C0013443
27668791	898	907	threshold	T081	C0004312
27668791	939	950	frequencies	T070	C0597494
27668791	952	964	PP amplitude	T060	C0430022
27668791	1007	1011	test	T060	C0683443
27668791	1046	1050	test	T060	C0683443
27668791	1055	1058	MAV	T184	C0042571
27668791	1093	1098	tests	T060	C0683443
27668791	1116	1125	frequency	T070	C0597494
27668791	1129	1141	PP amplitude	T060	C0430022
27668791	1145	1154	threshold	T081	C0004312
27668791	1159	1168	Ménière's	T047	C0025281
27668791	1169	1173	ears	T023	C0013443
27668791	1175	1184	threshold	T081	C0004312
27668791	1201	1206	first	T081	C0205435
27668791	1212	1218	second	T081	C0205436
27668791	1219	1230	effect size	T081	C0814843
27668791	1270	1282	PP amplitude	T060	C0430022
27668791	1284	1289	cVEMP	T034	C2936455
27668791	1322	1339	Ménière's disease	T047	C0025281
27668791	1351	1361	Thresholds	T081	C0004312
27668791	1386	1401	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
27668791	1455	1458	MAV	T184	C0042571
27668791	1463	1472	Ménière's	T047	C0025281
27668791	1473	1481	patients	T101	C0030705

27669010|t|Neospora caninum in Axis Deer (Axis axis) and Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Northern Mexico
27669010|a|Serum samples from 18 axis deer (Axis axis) and 19 fallow deer (Dama dama) were analyzed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Neospora caninum antibodies. Two axis (11%) and two fallow deer (11%) were positive for N. caninum antibodies.
27669010	0	16	Neospora caninum	T204	C0242906
27669010	20	29	Axis Deer	T015	C0999597
27669010	31	40	Axis axis	T015	C0325211
27669010	46	57	Fallow Deer	T015	C0325214
27669010	59	68	Dama dama	T015	C0325214
27669010	73	81	Northern	T082	C1709269
27669010	82	88	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27669010	89	102	Serum samples	T031	C1550100
27669010	111	120	axis deer	T015	C0999597
27669010	122	131	Axis axis	T015	C0325211
27669010	140	151	fallow deer	T015	C0325214
27669010	153	162	Dama dama	T015	C0325214
27669010	186	219	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
27669010	224	251	Neospora caninum antibodies	T116,T129	C0807090
27669010	257	261	axis	T015	C0325211
27669010	276	287	fallow deer	T015	C0325214
27669010	299	307	positive	T033	C1514241
27669010	312	333	N. caninum antibodies	T116,T129	C0807090

27669157|t|A Patient Registry to Improve Patient Safety: Recording General Neurosurgery Complications
27669157|a|To improve the transparency of the local health care system, treatment cost was recently referenced to disease related groups. Treatment quality must be legally documented in a patient registry, in particular for the highly specialized treatments provided by neurosurgery departments. In 2013 we have installed a patient registry focused on cranial neurosurgery. Surgeries are characterized by indication, treatment, location and other specific neurosurgical parameters. Preoperative state and postoperative outcome are recorded prospectively using neurological and sociological scales. Complications are graded by their severity in a therapy-oriented complication score system (Clavien-Dindo-Grading system, CDG). Results are presented at the monthly clinical staff meeting. Data acquisition compatible with the clinic workflow permitted to include all eligible patients into the registry. Until December 2015, we have registered 2880 patients that were treated in 3959 surgeries and 8528 consultations. Since the registry is fully operational (August 2014), we have registered 325 complications on 1341 patient discharge forms (24%). In 64% of these complications, no or only pharmacological treatment was required. At discharge, there was a clear correlation of the severity of the complication and the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS, ρ = -0.3, slope -6 KPS percentage points per increment of CDG) and the length of stay (ρ = 0.4, slope 1.5 days per increment of CDG). While the therapy-oriented complication scores correlate reasonably well with outcome and length of stay, they do not account for new deficits that cannot be treated. Outcome grading and complication severity grading thus serve a complimentary purpose. Overall, the registry serves to streamline and to complete information flow in the clinic, to identify complication rates and trends early for the internal quality monitoring and communication with patients. Conversely, the registry influences clinical practice in that it demands rigorous documentation and standard operating procedures.
27669157	2	18	Patient Registry	T062	C0920631
27669157	30	44	Patient Safety	T058	C1113679
27669157	64	76	Neurosurgery	T061	C0524850
27669157	77	90	Complications	T046	C0009566
27669157	126	150	local health care system	T093	C0018696
27669157	152	166	treatment cost	T081	C0087112
27669157	194	201	disease	T047	C0012634
27669157	210	216	groups	T098	C1257890
27669157	218	227	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27669157	228	235	quality	T080	C0332306
27669157	244	262	legally documented	T170	C0681483
27669157	268	284	patient registry	T062	C0920631
27669157	327	337	treatments	T061	C0087111
27669157	350	374	neurosurgery departments	T093	C0587523
27669157	404	420	patient registry	T062	C0920631
27669157	432	452	cranial neurosurgery	T061	C0195775
27669157	454	463	Surgeries	T061	C0543467
27669157	485	495	indication	T078	C3146298
27669157	497	506	treatment	T061	C0087111
27669157	508	516	location	T082	C4041236
27669157	536	560	neurosurgical parameters	T169	C0038895
27669157	562	580	Preoperative state	T033	C0178808
27669157	585	606	postoperative outcome	T080	C0085415
27669157	640	652	neurological	T170	C0282574
27669157	657	676	sociological scales	T170	C0282574
27669157	678	691	Complications	T046	C0009566
27669157	712	720	severity	T080	C0439793
27669157	726	768	therapy-oriented complication score system	T170	C0282574
27669157	770	798	Clavien-Dindo-Grading system	T170	C0282574
27669157	800	803	CDG	T170	C0282574
27669157	835	842	monthly	T079	C0332177
27669157	843	857	clinical staff	T097	C0025106
27669157	858	865	meeting	T052	C0556656
27669157	867	871	Data	T078	C1511726
27669157	872	883	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27669157	904	910	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27669157	911	919	workflow	T077	C1710679
27669157	954	962	patients	T101	C0030705
27669157	972	980	registry	T062	C0920631
27669157	1027	1035	patients	T101	C0030705
27669157	1046	1053	treated	T169	C1522326
27669157	1062	1071	surgeries	T061	C0543467
27669157	1081	1094	consultations	T058	C0009818
27669157	1106	1114	registry	T062	C0920631
27669157	1174	1187	complications	T046	C0009566
27669157	1196	1213	patient discharge	T058	C0030685
27669157	1214	1219	forms	T170	C0282574
27669157	1243	1256	complications	T046	C0009566
27669157	1269	1294	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
27669157	1312	1321	discharge	T058	C0030685
27669157	1360	1368	severity	T080	C0439793
27669157	1376	1388	complication	T046	C0009566
27669157	1397	1425	Karnofsky Performance Status	T060	C0206065
27669157	1427	1430	KPS	T060	C0206065
27669157	1451	1454	KPS	T060	C0206065
27669157	1477	1486	increment	T081	C1705117
27669157	1490	1493	CDG	T170	C0282574
27669157	1503	1517	length of stay	T079	C0023303
27669157	1538	1542	days	T079	C0439228
27669157	1547	1556	increment	T081	C1705117
27669157	1560	1563	CDG	T170	C0282574
27669157	1576	1612	therapy-oriented complication scores	T081	C0449820
27669157	1644	1651	outcome	T169	C1274040
27669157	1656	1670	length of stay	T079	C0023303
27669157	1724	1731	treated	T169	C1522326
27669157	1733	1740	Outcome	T169	C1274040
27669157	1741	1748	grading	T185	C0441800
27669157	1753	1765	complication	T046	C0009566
27669157	1766	1774	severity	T080	C0439793
27669157	1775	1782	grading	T185	C0441800
27669157	1832	1840	registry	T062	C0920631
27669157	1902	1908	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27669157	1922	1934	complication	T046	C0009566
27669157	1975	1982	quality	T080	C0332306
27669157	1983	1993	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27669157	1998	2011	communication	T054	C0009452
27669157	2017	2025	patients	T101	C0030705
27669157	2043	2051	registry	T062	C0920631
27669157	2063	2080	clinical practice	T058	C1254363
27669157	2109	2122	documentation	T170	C0920316
27669157	2127	2156	standard operating procedures	T170	C3889288

27669217|t|Inducible Expression of both ermB and ermT Conferred High Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus Isolates in China
27669217|a|Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus is an under-recognized pathogen and zoonotic agent causing opportunistic infections in humans. Despite increasing recognition of this subspecies as a cause for human infectious diseases, limited information is known about its antibiotic resistance mechanism. In this study, we aim to identify the molecular mechanism underlying the high macrolide resistance of six S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus isolates from dead ducklings collected in several natural outbreaks in China during 2010-2013. All isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance including high macrolide resistance (MIC ≥ 1024 mg/L for erythromycin, and 512 mg/L for clarithromycin). Efflux-encoding mefA and mefE genes were not detectable in these isolates. The presence of 23S rRNA mutations in specific isolates did not significantly change macrolide MIC s. No nucleotide substitutions were found in genes encoding ribosomal proteins L4 or L22. The ermB and ermT genes were found in the genomes of all isolates. These two genes were acquired independently in one highly virulent isolate AL101002, and clustered with Tn916 and IS1216, respectively. The expression of both ermB and ermT in all isolates was erythromycin inducible and yielded comparable macrolide MICs in all six isolates. Taken together, inducible expression of both ermB and ermT conferred high macrolide resistance in these S. gallolyticus subsp. pasterianus isolates. Our findings reveal new macrolide resistance features in S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus by both ermB and ermT.
27669217	0	9	Inducible	T169	C0205263
27669217	10	20	Expression	T045	C0017262
27669217	29	33	ermB	T028	C0017337
27669217	38	42	ermT	T028	C0017337
27669217	53	57	High	T080	C0205250
27669217	58	78	Macrolide Resistance	T033	C3160879
27669217	82	128	Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus	T007	C1459658
27669217	129	137	Isolates	T001	C1518614
27669217	141	146	China	T083	C0008115
27669217	147	193	Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus	T007	C1459658
27669217	217	225	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27669217	230	244	zoonotic agent	T007	C1690490
27669217	253	277	opportunistic infections	T047	C0029118
27669217	281	287	humans	T016	C0086418
27669217	308	319	recognition	T080	C0205396
27669217	328	338	subspecies	T007	C1459658
27669217	354	359	human	T016	C0086418
27669217	360	379	infectious diseases	T047	C0004623
27669217	420	441	antibiotic resistance	T032	C0949669
27669217	442	451	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27669217	461	466	study	T062	C2603343
27669217	491	510	molecular mechanism	T044	C1148560
27669217	531	551	macrolide resistance	T033	C3160879
27669217	559	594	S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus	T007	C1459658
27669217	595	603	isolates	T001	C1518614
27669217	609	613	dead	T033	C1306577
27669217	614	623	ducklings	T012	C0013268
27669217	666	671	China	T083	C0008115
27669217	694	702	isolates	T001	C1518614
27669217	713	734	multi-drug resistance	T032	C0242640
27669217	750	770	macrolide resistance	T033	C3160879
27669217	772	775	MIC	T034	C1304747
27669217	772	775	MIC	T034	C1304747
27669217	792	804	erythromycin	T109,T195	C0014806
27669217	823	837	clarithromycin	T109,T195	C0055856
27669217	840	860	Efflux-encoding mefA	T028	C0017337
27669217	865	875	mefE genes	T028	C0017337
27669217	905	913	isolates	T001	C1518614
27669217	931	939	23S rRNA	T114,T123	C0035704
27669217	940	949	mutations	T045	C0026882
27669217	962	970	isolates	T001	C1518614
27669217	1000	1009	macrolide	T109,T121	C0282563
27669217	1010	1013	MIC	T034	C1304747
27669217	1020	1030	nucleotide	T114	C0028630
27669217	1031	1044	substitutions	T052	C1706204
27669217	1059	1064	genes	T028	C0017337
27669217	1074	1095	ribosomal proteins L4	T116,T123	C0073302
27669217	1099	1102	L22	T116,T123	C0035552
27669217	1108	1112	ermB	T028	C0017337
27669217	1117	1127	ermT genes	T028	C0017337
27669217	1146	1153	genomes	T028	C0017428
27669217	1161	1169	isolates	T001	C1518614
27669217	1181	1186	genes	T028	C0017337
27669217	1201	1214	independently	T169	C0332291
27669217	1229	1254	virulent isolate AL101002	T001	C1518614
27669217	1275	1280	Tn916	T001	C1518614
27669217	1285	1291	IS1216	T001	C1518614
27669217	1311	1321	expression	T045	C0017262
27669217	1330	1334	ermB	T028	C0017337
27669217	1339	1343	ermT	T028	C0017337
27669217	1351	1359	isolates	T001	C1518614
27669217	1364	1376	erythromycin	T109,T195	C0014806
27669217	1377	1386	inducible	T169	C0205263
27669217	1410	1419	macrolide	T109,T121	C0282563
27669217	1420	1424	MICs	T034	C1304747
27669217	1436	1444	isolates	T001	C1518614
27669217	1462	1471	inducible	T169	C0205263
27669217	1472	1482	expression	T045	C0017262
27669217	1491	1495	ermB	T028	C0017337
27669217	1500	1504	ermT	T028	C0017337
27669217	1520	1540	macrolide resistance	T033	C3160879
27669217	1550	1584	S. gallolyticus subsp. pasterianus	T007	C1459658
27669217	1585	1593	isolates	T001	C1518614
27669217	1599	1607	findings	T033	C0243095
27669217	1619	1639	macrolide resistance	T033	C3160879
27669217	1652	1687	S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus	T007	C1459658
27669217	1696	1700	ermB	T028	C0017337
27669217	1705	1709	ermT	T028	C0017337

27669294|t|Triceps and Subscapular Skinfold Thickness Percentiles and Cut-Offs for Overweight and Obesity in a Population-Based Sample of Schoolchildren and Adolescents in Bogota, Colombia
27669294|a|The assessment of skinfold thickness is an objective measure of adiposity. The aims of this study were to establish Colombian smoothed centile charts and LMS L (Box-Cox transformation), M (median), and S (coefficient of variation) tables for triceps, subscapular, and triceps + subscapular skinfolds; appropriate cut-offs were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on a population-based sample of children and adolescents in Bogotá, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 9618 children and adolescents (55.7% girls; age range of 9-17.9 years). Triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements were obtained using standardized methods. We calculated the triceps + subscapular skinfold (T + SS) sum. Smoothed percentile curves for triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were derived using the LMS method. ROC curve analyses were used to evaluate the optimal cut-off point of skinfold thickness for overweight and obesity, based on the International Obesity Task Force definitions. Subscapular and triceps skinfolds and T + SS were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.001). The ROC analysis showed that subscapular and triceps skinfolds and T + SS have a high discriminatory power in the identification of overweight and obesity in the sample population in this study. Our results provide sex - and age -specific normative reference standards for skinfold thickness values from a population from Bogotá, Colombia.
27669294	0	7	Triceps	T023	C3146295
27669294	12	42	Subscapular Skinfold Thickness	T033	C0518023
27669294	43	54	Percentiles	T081	C1264641
27669294	72	82	Overweight	T184	C0497406
27669294	87	94	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27669294	100	123	Population-Based Sample	T081	C1709598
27669294	127	141	Schoolchildren	T100	C0260267
27669294	146	157	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27669294	161	167	Bogota	T083	C0017446
27669294	169	177	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27669294	182	192	assessment	T052	C1516048
27669294	196	214	skinfold thickness	T060	C0037302
27669294	231	238	measure	T081	C0079809
27669294	242	251	adiposity	T032	C1563743
27669294	294	303	Colombian	T098	C1553372
27669294	304	327	smoothed centile charts	T170	C0684240
27669294	332	335	LMS	T081	C0392762
27669294	339	361	Box-Cox transformation	T081	C0392762
27669294	367	373	median	T081	C0876920
27669294	383	407	coefficient of variation	T081	C0681921
27669294	409	415	tables	T170	C1706074
27669294	420	427	triceps	T023	C3146295
27669294	429	440	subscapular	T023	C0229962
27669294	446	453	triceps	T201	C0518022
27669294	456	477	subscapular skinfolds	T033	C0518023
27669294	520	553	receiver operating characteristic	T081	C0034772
27669294	555	558	ROC	T081	C0034772
27669294	560	568	analysis	T062	C0936012
27669294	580	603	population-based sample	T081	C1709598
27669294	607	615	children	T100	C0008059
27669294	620	631	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27669294	635	641	Bogotá	T083	C0017446
27669294	643	651	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27669294	655	676	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27669294	699	707	children	T100	C0008059
27669294	712	723	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27669294	731	736	girls	T100	C0870604
27669294	738	741	age	T032	C0001779
27669294	758	763	years	T079	C0439234
27669294	766	773	Triceps	T023	C3146295
27669294	778	789	subscapular	T023	C0229962
27669294	790	811	skinfold measurements	T058	C1963769
27669294	845	852	methods	T170	C0025663
27669294	872	879	triceps	T201	C0518022
27669294	882	902	subscapular skinfold	T033	C0518023
27669294	904	905	T	T201	C0518022
27669294	908	910	SS	T033	C0518023
27669294	917	943	Smoothed percentile curves	T082	C0205134
27669294	948	955	triceps	T023	C3146295
27669294	960	990	subscapular skinfold thickness	T033	C0518023
27669294	1014	1024	LMS method	T170	C0025663
27669294	1026	1035	ROC curve	T081	C0035787
27669294	1036	1044	analyses	T062	C0936012
27669294	1096	1114	skinfold thickness	T060	C0037302
27669294	1119	1129	overweight	T184	C0497406
27669294	1134	1141	obesity	T047	C0028754
27669294	1156	1200	International Obesity Task Force definitions	T170	C1704788
27669294	1202	1213	Subscapular	T033	C0518023
27669294	1218	1235	triceps skinfolds	T201	C0518022
27669294	1240	1241	T	T201	C0518022
27669294	1244	1246	SS	T033	C0518023
27669294	1276	1281	girls	T100	C0870604
27669294	1290	1294	boys	T100	C0870221
27669294	1312	1315	ROC	T081	C0034772
27669294	1316	1324	analysis	T062	C0936012
27669294	1337	1348	subscapular	T033	C0518023
27669294	1353	1370	triceps skinfolds	T201	C0518022
27669294	1375	1376	T	T201	C0518022
27669294	1379	1381	SS	T033	C0518023
27669294	1422	1436	identification	T041	C0020792
27669294	1440	1450	overweight	T184	C0497406
27669294	1455	1462	obesity	T047	C0028754
27669294	1470	1487	sample population	T098	C2348150
27669294	1496	1501	study	T062	C2603343
27669294	1523	1526	sex	T032	C1522384
27669294	1533	1536	age	T032	C0001779
27669294	1557	1576	reference standards	T081	C0034925
27669294	1581	1599	skinfold thickness	T060	C0037302
27669294	1600	1606	values	T081	C1522609
27669294	1614	1624	population	T098	C1257890
27669294	1630	1636	Bogotá	T083	C0017446
27669294	1638	1646	Colombia	T083	C3245499

27669305|t|Protective Effects of Sporoderm-Broken Spores of Ganderma lucidum on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Function of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Low Level of Aflatoxin B₁
27669305|a|This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) and evaluate the effects of sporoderm-broken spores of Ganoderma lucidum (SSGL) in relieving aflatoxicosis in broilers. A total of 300 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly divided into four dietary treatments; the treatment diets were: Control (a basal diet containing normal peanut meal); AFB₁ (the basal diet containing AFB₁ - contaminated peanut meal); SSGL (basal diet with 200 mg/kg of SSGL); AFB₁ + SSGL (supplementation of 200 mg/kg of SSGL in AFB₁ diet). The contents of AFB₁ in AFB₁ and AFB₁ + SSGL diets were 25.0 μg/kg in the starter period and 22.5 μg/kg in the finisher period. The results showed that diet contaminated with a low level of AFB₁ significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the average daily feed intake and average daily gain during the entire experiment and reduced (p < 0.05) serum contents of total protein IgA and IgG. Furthermore, a dietary low level of AFB₁ not only increased (p < 0.05) levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation, but also decreased (p < 0.05) total antioxidant capability, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and hydroxyl radical scavenger activity in the liver and spleen of broilers. Moreover, the addition of SSGL to AFB₁ - contaminated diet counteracted these negative effects, indicating that SSGL has a protective effect against aflatoxicosis.
27669305	22	45	Sporoderm-Broken Spores	T004	C0038029
27669305	49	65	Ganderma lucidum	T002	C0752326
27669305	69	75	Growth	T040	C0018270
27669305	76	87	Performance	T052	C1882330
27669305	89	109	Antioxidant Capacity	T044	C1148564
27669305	114	129	Immune Function	T042	C1817756
27669305	133	149	Broiler Chickens	T012	C2698565
27669305	174	186	Aflatoxin B₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	192	197	study	T062	C2603343
27669305	215	226	investigate	T169	C1292732
27669305	231	244	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
27669305	248	260	aflatoxin B₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	262	266	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	272	280	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27669305	296	319	sporoderm-broken spores	T004	C0038029
27669305	323	340	Ganoderma lucidum	T002	C0752326
27669305	342	346	SSGL	T004	C0038029
27669305	361	374	aflatoxicosis	T037	C0274911
27669305	378	386	broilers	T012	C2698565
27669305	403	414	one-day-old	T032	C0001779
27669305	415	419	male	T032	C0086582
27669305	420	447	Arbor Acre broiler chickens	T012	C2698565
27669305	480	498	dietary treatments	T058	C0012159
27669305	504	519	treatment diets	T168	C0012155
27669305	526	533	Control	T096	C0009932
27669305	537	547	basal diet	T168	C2983588
27669305	566	572	peanut	T168	C0949399
27669305	573	577	meal	T056	C1998602
27669305	580	584	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	590	600	basal diet	T168	C2983588
27669305	612	616	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	619	631	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27669305	632	638	peanut	T168	C0949399
27669305	639	643	meal	T056	C1998602
27669305	646	650	SSGL	T004	C0038029
27669305	652	662	basal diet	T168	C2983588
27669305	681	685	SSGL	T004	C0038029
27669305	688	692	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	695	699	SSGL	T004	C0038029
27669305	701	716	supplementation	T061	C0242297
27669305	733	737	SSGL	T004	C0038029
27669305	741	745	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	746	750	diet	T168	C0012155
27669305	769	773	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	777	781	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	786	790	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	793	797	SSGL	T004	C0038029
27669305	798	803	diets	T168	C0012155
27669305	827	834	starter	T079	C0439659
27669305	835	841	period	T079	C1948053
27669305	864	872	finisher	T079	C1522314
27669305	873	879	period	T079	C1948053
27669305	885	892	results	T033	C0683954
27669305	905	909	diet	T168	C0012155
27669305	910	922	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27669305	943	947	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	948	961	significantly	T078	C0750502
27669305	987	994	average	T081	C1510992
27669305	1001	1005	feed	T168	C0016452
27669305	1006	1012	intake	T169	C1512806
27669305	1017	1024	average	T081	C1510992
27669305	1054	1064	experiment	T062	C0681814
27669305	1088	1093	serum	T031	C0229671
27669305	1112	1119	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27669305	1120	1123	IgA	T116,T129	C0020835
27669305	1128	1131	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27669305	1148	1155	dietary	T168	C0012155
27669305	1169	1173	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	1214	1231	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27669305	1236	1254	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
27669305	1292	1314	antioxidant capability	T044	C1148564
27669305	1316	1324	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
27669305	1326	1348	glutathione peroxidase	T116,T126	C0017822
27669305	1354	1370	hydroxyl radical	T197	C0063146
27669305	1371	1389	scavenger activity	T044	C1152848
27669305	1397	1402	liver	T023	C0023884
27669305	1407	1413	spleen	T023	C0037993
27669305	1417	1425	broilers	T012	C2698565
27669305	1453	1457	SSGL	T004	C0038029
27669305	1461	1465	AFB₁	T109,T131	C0085180
27669305	1468	1480	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27669305	1481	1485	diet	T168	C0012155
27669305	1539	1543	SSGL	T004	C0038029
27669305	1576	1589	aflatoxicosis	T037	C0274911

27669322|t|The Peptidoglycan Pattern of Staphylococcus carnosus TM300 - Detailed Analysis and Variations Due to Genetic and Metabolic Influences
27669322|a|The Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300 is an apathogenic staphylococcal species commonly used in meat starter cultures. As with all Gram-positive bacteria, its cytoplasmic membrane is surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan (PGN) or murein sacculus consisting of several layers of glycan strands cross-linked by peptides. In contrast to pathogenic staphylococci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), the chemical composition of S. carnosus PGN is not well studied so far. UPLC/MS analysis of enzymatically digested S. carnosus TM300 PGN revealed substantial differences in its composition compared to the known pattern of S. aureus. While in S. aureus the uncross-linked stem peptide consists of a pentapeptide, in S. carnosus, this part of the PGN is shortened to tripeptides. Furthermore, we found the PGN composition to vary when cells were incubated under certain conditions. The collective overproduction of HlyD, FtsE and FtsX -a putative protein complex interacting with penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2)-caused the reappearance of classical penta stem peptides. In addition, under high sugar conditions, tetra stem peptides occur due to overflow metabolism. This indicates that S. carnosus TM300 cells adapt to various conditions by modification of their PGN.
27669322	4	17	Peptidoglycan	T109,T123	C0030958
27669322	18	25	Pattern	T082	C0449774
27669322	29	58	Staphylococcus carnosus TM300	T007	C0318127
27669322	61	78	Detailed Analysis	T062	C0936012
27669322	83	93	Variations	T070	C0042333
27669322	101	108	Genetic	T028	C0017337
27669322	113	122	Metabolic	T169	C0311400
27669322	123	133	Influences	T077	C4054723
27669322	138	161	Gram-positive bacterium	T007	C0018154
27669322	162	205	Staphylococcus carnosus (S. carnosus) TM300	T007	C0318127
27669322	212	223	apathogenic	T033	C0243095
27669322	224	238	staphylococcal	T007	C0038170
27669322	239	246	species	T185	C1705920
27669322	264	268	meat	T168	C0025017
27669322	269	285	starter cultures	T059	C0430400
27669322	299	321	Gram-positive bacteria	T007	C0018154
27669322	327	347	cytoplasmic membrane	T026	C0007603
27669322	351	361	surrounded	T082	C1282914
27669322	367	372	thick	T080	C1280412
27669322	373	386	peptidoglycan	T109,T123	C0030958
27669322	388	391	PGN	T109,T123	C0030958
27669322	396	411	murein sacculus	T026	C1325812
27669322	434	440	layers	T082	C1254362
27669322	444	458	glycan strands	T109,T121	C0032594
27669322	459	471	cross-linked	T169	C0332220
27669322	475	483	peptides	T116	C0030956
27669322	500	510	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27669322	511	524	staphylococci	T007	C0038170
27669322	533	554	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27669322	556	565	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27669322	572	592	chemical composition	T070	C0243176
27669322	596	607	S. carnosus	T007	C0318127
27669322	608	611	PGN	T109,T123	C0030958
27669322	624	631	studied	T062	C2603343
27669322	640	656	UPLC/MS analysis	T059	C4053724
27669322	660	682	enzymatically digested	T059	C0519157
27669322	683	700	S. carnosus TM300	T007	C0318127
27669322	701	704	PGN	T109,T123	C0030958
27669322	745	756	composition	T070	C0243176
27669322	779	786	pattern	T082	C0449774
27669322	790	799	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27669322	810	819	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27669322	824	838	uncross-linked	T033	C0243095
27669322	839	851	stem peptide	T116	C0030956
27669322	866	878	pentapeptide	T116	C0030956
27669322	883	894	S. carnosus	T007	C0318127
27669322	913	916	PGN	T109,T123	C0030958
27669322	920	929	shortened	T080	C1282927
27669322	933	944	tripeptides	T116	C0030956
27669322	972	975	PGN	T109,T123	C0030958
27669322	976	987	composition	T070	C0243176
27669322	1001	1006	cells	T025	C0007634
27669322	1012	1021	incubated	T059	C1439852
27669322	1052	1077	collective overproduction	T046	C0030660
27669322	1081	1085	HlyD	T123	C0019053
27669322	1087	1091	FtsE	T116,T123	C0033684
27669322	1096	1100	FtsX	T116,T123	C1430498
27669322	1104	1128	putative protein complex	T116,T123	C1180347
27669322	1129	1140	interacting	T169	C1704675
27669322	1146	1174	penicillin-binding protein 2	T116,T126	C0135892
27669322	1176	1180	PBP2	T116,T126	C0135892
27669322	1193	1205	reappearance	T080	C0700364
27669322	1209	1218	classical	T169	C0443177
27669322	1219	1238	penta stem peptides	T116	C0030956
27669322	1259	1263	high	T080	C0205250
27669322	1264	1269	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27669322	1270	1280	conditions	T080	C0348080
27669322	1282	1301	tetra stem peptides	T116	C0030956
27669322	1315	1334	overflow metabolism	T040	C0025519
27669322	1356	1373	S. carnosus TM300	T007	C0318127
27669322	1374	1379	cells	T025	C0007634
27669322	1397	1407	conditions	T080	C0348080
27669322	1411	1423	modification	T033	C3840684
27669322	1433	1436	PGN	T109,T123	C0030958

27669669|t|Bilateral C1 laminar hooks combined with C2 pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of atlantoaxial subluxation after Grisel syndrome
27669669|a|Many etiologies can lead to atlantoaxial subluxaion. In Grisel syndrome (GS), this subluxation occurs spontaneously after inflammatory processes of the head and neck. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical history and a strong suspicion of this syndrome. Nonsurgical treatment most often resolves the symptoms; however, in some cases surgical treatment is necessary to repair the subluxation. Various surgical techniques and instrumentation systems have been used to treat atlantoaxial subluxation, although there is no consensus regarding the best treatment method for the pediatric population. To describe a case of atlantoaxial subluxation in a child with GS treated surgically with an alternative construct. This is a case report and literature review. Our case study involves a 5- year -old girl with a 6- month history of unresolved Fielding type II atlantoaxial subluxation caused by GS. Despite conservative treatment, the patient's symptoms continued to progress. After two failed closed reduction attempts, open reduction and C1-C2 fusion were performed with atlas laminar hook and axis pedicle polyaxial screws. A literature review of the surgical treatment of GS was also performed. After surgery, the patient exhibited full clinical and functional recovery with complete resolution of symptoms. At the 36- month follow-up examination, there was continual evidence of satisfactory reduction and fusion. No complications were observed. Upon completion of the literature review, eight GS cases were found to have been treated surgically with the minimum patient age being 9 years. Conservative management of GS is the most common and effective treatment; however, a few surgical cases have been reported in the literature with good results. Satisfactory clinical results and fusion at 36 months post surgery were seen in a pediatric patient with atlantoaxial subluxation and instability using atlas laminar hook and axis pedicle polyaxial screws.
27669669	0	9	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
27669669	10	26	C1 laminar hooks	T074	C0025080
27669669	41	57	C2 pedicle screw	T074	C1961768
27669669	58	66	fixation	T061	C0185023
27669669	74	83	treatment	T061	C0087111
27669669	87	111	atlantoaxial subluxation	T037	C0263905
27669669	118	133	Grisel syndrome	T047	C0263885
27669669	139	149	etiologies	T169	C0015127
27669669	162	185	atlantoaxial subluxaion	T037	C0263905
27669669	190	205	Grisel syndrome	T047	C0263885
27669669	207	209	GS	T047	C0263885
27669669	217	228	subluxation	T037	C0263905
27669669	236	249	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
27669669	256	268	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27669669	269	278	processes	T067	C1522240
27669669	286	290	head	T029	C0018670
27669669	295	299	neck	T029	C0027530
27669669	301	310	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27669669	333	349	clinical history	T033	C0262926
27669669	363	372	suspicion	T041	C0242114
27669669	381	389	syndrome	T047	C0039082
27669669	391	412	Nonsurgical treatment	T061	C0087111
27669669	424	432	resolves	T077	C2699488
27669669	437	445	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27669669	464	469	cases	T169	C0868928
27669669	470	488	surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
27669669	505	511	repair	T061	C0374711
27669669	516	527	subluxation	T037	C0263905
27669669	537	556	surgical techniques	T060	C0011918
27669669	561	584	instrumentation systems	T074	C0348000
27669669	603	608	treat	T061	C0087111
27669669	609	633	atlantoaxial subluxation	T037	C0263905
27669669	656	665	consensus	T054	C0376298
27669669	685	701	treatment method	T061	C0087111
27669669	710	719	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27669669	720	730	population	T098	C1257890
27669669	746	750	case	T169	C0868928
27669669	754	778	atlantoaxial subluxation	T037	C0263905
27669669	784	789	child	T100	C0008059
27669669	795	797	GS	T047	C0263885
27669669	798	805	treated	T033	C0332154
27669669	806	816	surgically	T061	C0543467
27669669	825	836	alternative	T077	C1523987
27669669	837	846	construct	T074	C0025080
27669669	858	869	case report	T170	C0085973
27669669	874	891	literature review	T170	C0282441
27669669	897	907	case study	T170	C0085973
27669669	922	926	year	T079	C0439234
27669669	932	936	girl	T100	C0870604
27669669	947	952	month	T079	C0439231
27669669	953	960	history	T033	C0332119
27669669	964	974	unresolved	T080	C0443342
27669669	975	1016	Fielding type II atlantoaxial subluxation	T037	C0263905
27669669	1027	1029	GS	T047	C0263885
27669669	1039	1061	conservative treatment	T061	C0459914
27669669	1067	1076	patient's	T101	C0030705
27669669	1077	1085	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27669669	1086	1095	continued	T078	C0549178
27669669	1099	1107	progress	T169	C1280477
27669669	1119	1125	failed	T169	C0231175
27669669	1126	1142	closed reduction	T061	C0441610
27669669	1143	1151	attempts	T051	C1516084
27669669	1153	1167	open reduction	T061	C2370853
27669669	1172	1184	C1-C2 fusion	T061	C0037935
27669669	1190	1199	performed	T169	C0884358
27669669	1205	1223	atlas laminar hook	T074	C0181209
27669669	1228	1257	axis pedicle polyaxial screws	T074	C0301559
27669669	1261	1278	literature review	T170	C0282441
27669669	1286	1304	surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
27669669	1308	1310	GS	T047	C0263885
27669669	1320	1329	performed	T169	C0884358
27669669	1337	1344	surgery	T169	C0038895
27669669	1350	1357	patient	T101	C0030705
27669669	1373	1381	clinical	T080	C0205210
27669669	1386	1405	functional recovery	T184	C0599766
27669669	1411	1430	complete resolution	T077	C2699488
27669669	1434	1442	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27669669	1455	1460	month	T079	C0439231
27669669	1461	1470	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27669669	1471	1482	examination	T058	C0582103
27669669	1494	1503	continual	T079	C0439598
27669669	1504	1512	evidence	T078	C3887511
27669669	1516	1528	satisfactory	T033	C0438110
27669669	1529	1538	reduction	T061	C0441610
27669669	1543	1549	fusion	T061	C1293131
27669669	1554	1567	complications	T046	C0009566
27669669	1573	1581	observed	T169	C1441672
27669669	1588	1598	completion	T080	C0205197
27669669	1606	1623	literature review	T170	C0282441
27669669	1631	1633	GS	T047	C0263885
27669669	1634	1639	cases	T169	C0868928
27669669	1664	1671	treated	T169	C1522326
27669669	1672	1682	surgically	T061	C0543467
27669669	1700	1707	patient	T101	C0030705
27669669	1708	1711	age	T032	C0001779
27669669	1720	1725	years	T079	C0439234
27669669	1727	1750	Conservative management	T061	C0459914
27669669	1754	1756	GS	T047	C0263885
27669669	1769	1775	common	T081	C0205214
27669669	1780	1789	effective	T080	C1704419
27669669	1790	1799	treatment	T061	C0087111
27669669	1816	1830	surgical cases	T169	C0868928
27669669	1841	1849	reported	T058	C0700287
27669669	1857	1867	literature	T170	C0023866
27669669	1878	1885	results	T169	C1274040
27669669	1887	1899	Satisfactory	T033	C0438110
27669669	1900	1916	clinical results	T033	C2985631
27669669	1921	1927	fusion	T061	C1293131
27669669	1934	1940	months	T079	C0439231
27669669	1941	1953	post surgery	T033	C0241311
27669669	1969	1978	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27669669	1979	1986	patient	T101	C0030705
27669669	1992	2016	atlantoaxial subluxation	T037	C0263905
27669669	2021	2032	instability	T033	C1444783
27669669	2039	2057	atlas laminar hook	T074	C0181209
27669669	2062	2091	axis pedicle polyaxial screws	T074	C0301559

27670138|t|The ABBA study - approach bias modification in bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
27670138|a|The core symptoms of bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) are recurrent episodes of binge eating. Despite negative psychological and physical consequences, BN/BED patients show uncontrollable approach tendencies towards food. This cognitive bias occurs at an early stage of information processing. Cognitive bias modification (CBM) directly targets such biases and has been shown to be effective in treating several mental disorders. In alcohol addiction, automatic action tendencies towards alcohol cues and relapse rates were successfully reduced by a specific form of CBM, termed approach bias modification. Based on these findings and data from a proof-of-concept study in people with high levels of food craving, CBM is considered a promising new treatment approach for BN/BED. Given the similarities between BN/BED and addictive disorders, the rationale for using approach bias modification appears to be particularly strong. The aim of the present study is to examine whether, compared to a sham training, computerised approach bias modification (10 sessions) can reduce binge-eating episodes in BN/BED patients from pre-treatment to follow-up. Additionally, we will investigate whether this CBM programme also reduces global eating disorder psychopathology, trait and cue-elicited food craving, food intake as well as approach and attentional bias towards visual food cues. Treatment acceptance will be determined by attrition rates and responses on a feedback form. This is a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group superiority trial with two parallel arms. A total of 54 BN/BED patients will be recruited. Approach bias towards food will be retrained by a computer task adopting an implicit learning paradigm. Patients in the control condition (sham) will conduct a similar task but will not be trained to avoid food cues. Methods against bias include public registration, randomisation by a central study office, standardisation of the treatments and blinding of assessors. Furthermore, the session number and duration will be equivalent in the two conditions. This is the first registered randomised controlled trial of approach bias modification in a clinical BN/BED sample. Results from this study will provide an indication of the efficacy of approach bias modification training for BN/BED and the potential mechanisms of action underlying this treatment. DRKS00010231 (retrospectively registered on 24 March 2016; first version).
27670138	4	14	ABBA study	T062	C2603343
27670138	47	62	bulimia nervosa	T048	C2267227
27670138	67	88	binge eating disorder	T048	C0596170
27670138	111	138	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27670138	148	156	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27670138	160	175	bulimia nervosa	T048	C2267227
27670138	177	179	BN	T048	C2267227
27670138	185	206	binge eating disorder	T048	C0596170
27670138	208	211	BED	T048	C0596170
27670138	217	251	recurrent episodes of binge eating	T033	C1843777
27670138	261	283	negative psychological	T048	C1306597
27670138	288	309	physical consequences	T033	C1446390
27670138	311	317	BN/BED	T048	C0013473
27670138	318	326	patients	T101	C0030705
27670138	356	379	tendencies towards food	T040	C0003618
27670138	386	400	cognitive bias	T078	C0237494
27670138	429	451	information processing	T041	C0700301
27670138	453	480	Cognitive bias modification	T061	C3162263
27670138	482	485	CBM	T061	C3162263
27670138	509	515	biases	T078	C0242568
27670138	554	562	treating	T061	C0087111
27670138	571	587	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
27670138	592	609	alcohol addiction	T048	C0001973
27670138	647	659	alcohol cues	UnknownType	C0679056
27670138	664	671	relapse	T067	C0035020
27670138	672	677	rates	T081	C1521828
27670138	726	729	CBM	T061	C3162263
27670138	747	764	bias modification	T169	C1554963
27670138	794	798	data	T078	C1511726
27670138	806	828	proof-of-concept study	T062	C2603343
27670138	832	838	people	T098	C0027361
27670138	859	871	food craving	T055	C0872380
27670138	873	876	CBM	T169	C1554963
27670138	907	925	treatment approach	UnknownType	C0679624
27670138	930	936	BN/BED	T048	C0013473
27670138	969	975	BN/BED	T048	C0013473
27670138	980	999	addictive disorders	T048	C0085281
27670138	1005	1014	rationale	T078	C2699007
27670138	1034	1051	bias modification	T169	C1554963
27670138	1153	1166	sham training	T062	C3897046
27670138	1190	1207	bias modification	T169	C1554963
27670138	1233	1254	binge-eating episodes	T033	C1843777
27670138	1258	1264	BN/BED	T048	C0013473
27670138	1265	1273	patients	T101	C0030705
27670138	1279	1292	pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
27670138	1354	1357	CBM	T061	C3162263
27670138	1381	1387	global	T080	C2348867
27670138	1388	1419	eating disorder psychopathology	T048	C0556019
27670138	1421	1426	trait	T032	C0599883
27670138	1431	1456	cue-elicited food craving	T055	C0872380
27670138	1458	1469	food intake	T040	C0013470
27670138	1494	1510	attentional bias	T041	C4277667
27670138	1519	1535	visual food cues	T078	C0010439
27670138	1537	1557	Treatment acceptance	T061	C3468361
27670138	1580	1595	attrition rates	UnknownType	C0814623
27670138	1600	1609	responses	T170	C1706817
27670138	1640	1652	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27670138	1654	1664	randomised	T062	C0034656
27670138	1666	1684	placebo-controlled	T062,T170	C0599724
27670138	1686	1718	parallel-group superiority trial	T078	C0680731
27670138	1757	1763	BN/BED	T048	C0013473
27670138	1764	1772	patients	T101	C0030705
27670138	1801	1818	bias towards food	T078	C0242568
27670138	1868	1894	implicit learning paradigm	T062	C0681797
27670138	1896	1904	Patients	T101	C0030705
27670138	1931	1935	sham	T062	C3897046
27670138	1952	1964	similar task	T057	C3540678
27670138	1998	2007	food cues	T078	C0010439
27670138	2025	2029	bias	T078	C0242568
27670138	2038	2057	public registration	T170	C3897463
27670138	2059	2072	randomisation	T062	C0034656
27670138	2078	2098	central study office	T097	C1522486
27670138	2100	2133	standardisation of the treatments	T062	C0038136
27670138	2138	2159	blinding of assessors	T062	C0150108
27670138	2277	2304	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27670138	2317	2334	bias modification	T169	C1554963
27670138	2340	2362	clinical BN/BED sample	T062	C0008976
27670138	2443	2460	bias modification	T169	C1554963
27670138	2474	2480	BN/BED	T048	C0013473
27670138	2536	2545	treatment	T061	C0087111

27670600|t|Risk and Predictors of Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhosis Patients Receiving Primary Prophylaxis With Non-Selective Beta-Blockers
27670600|a|Prior studies have demonstrated the efficacy of non-selective beta-blockers (NSBB) in preventing first variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. However, little is known about the overall effectiveness of NSBB in routine clinical care. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of cirrhotic patients without prior bleeding who initiated a NSBB (propranolol, nadolol) at any Veterans Administration facility between 2008 and 2013. The primary outcome was variceal bleeding within 12 months. We conducted Cox-proportional hazards analyses to identify demographic, clinical, and NSBB -related (type of NSBB, mean dose, dose change, and heart rate response) factors associated with variceal bleeding. Of 5,775 patients, 678 (11.7%) developed variceal bleeding. Mean daily dose of NSBB was <40 mg in 58.8%, 18.1% had either upward or downward titration in NSBB dose, and 9.8% had hemodynamic response. Patients who were younger, with ascites, greater medical comorbidity, and higher MELD (Model for end-stage liver disease) scores had a higher risk of variceal bleeding. Patients on a higher daily dose (>60 vs. <40 mg, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.64; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.51-0.81), who had either upward or downward dose titration (adjusted HR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.52-0.90 and 0.64; 95% CI 0.45-0.90, respectively), and those who achieved hemodynamic response (adjusted HR 0.75; 95% CI =0.57-1.0) had lower risk. Approximately 12% of patients bled while being on NSBB for primary prophylaxis. A higher NSBB dose and dose titration were protective; yet most patients did not have the NSBB dose titrated to the recommended levels. Our data highlight the need for careful monitoring of cirrhotic patients on NSBB.
27670600	0	4	Risk	T078	C0035647
27670600	9	19	Predictors	T078	C2698872
27670600	23	40	Variceal Bleeding	T046	C0333106
27670600	44	53	Cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
27670600	54	62	Patients	T101	C0030705
27670600	73	92	Primary Prophylaxis	T170	C0033107
27670600	98	125	Non-Selective Beta-Blockers	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	162	170	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27670600	174	201	non-selective beta-blockers	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	203	207	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	229	246	variceal bleeding	T046	C0333106
27670600	250	258	patients	T101	C0030705
27670600	264	273	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
27670600	318	331	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27670600	335	339	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	351	364	clinical care	T058	C0086388
27670600	381	407	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
27670600	411	420	cirrhotic	T047	C1623038
27670600	421	429	patients	T101	C0030705
27670600	444	452	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27670600	469	473	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	475	486	propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
27670600	488	495	nadolol	T109,T121	C0027302
27670600	504	536	Veterans Administration facility	T073,T093	C0020030
27670600	572	579	outcome	T169	C1274040
27670600	584	601	variceal bleeding	T046	C0333106
27670600	612	618	months	T079	C0439231
27670600	633	666	Cox-proportional hazards analyses	T081,T170	C0033489
27670600	679	690	demographic	T078	C0011292
27670600	692	700	clinical	T080	C0205210
27670600	706	710	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	729	733	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	740	744	dose	T081	C0178602
27670600	746	757	dose change	T061	C0554834
27670600	763	782	heart rate response	T201	C1997754
27670600	792	807	associated with	T080	C0332281
27670600	808	825	variceal bleeding	T046	C0333106
27670600	836	844	patients	T101	C0030705
27670600	868	885	variceal bleeding	T046	C0333106
27670600	892	902	daily dose	T081	C2348070
27670600	906	910	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	949	955	upward	T082	C1282911
27670600	959	967	downward	T082	C0205104
27670600	968	977	titration	T059	C0162621
27670600	981	985	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	986	990	dose	T081	C0178602
27670600	1005	1025	hemodynamic response	T042	C0019010
27670600	1027	1035	Patients	T101	C0030705
27670600	1045	1052	younger	T079	C0332239
27670600	1059	1066	ascites	T033	C0003962
27670600	1084	1095	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27670600	1108	1112	MELD	T185	C3826979
27670600	1114	1147	Model for end-stage liver disease	T185	C3826979
27670600	1149	1155	scores	T170	C1718072
27670600	1169	1173	risk	T078	C0035647
27670600	1177	1194	variceal bleeding	T046	C0333106
27670600	1196	1204	Patients	T101	C0030705
27670600	1217	1227	daily dose	T081	C2348070
27670600	1254	1266	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27670600	1268	1270	HR	T081	C2985465
27670600	1282	1301	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27670600	1303	1305	CI	T081	C0009667
27670600	1335	1341	upward	T082	C1282911
27670600	1345	1353	downward	T082	C0205104
27670600	1354	1358	dose	T081	C0178602
27670600	1359	1368	titration	T059	C0162621
27670600	1379	1381	HR	T081	C2985465
27670600	1392	1394	CI	T081	C0009667
27670600	1420	1422	CI	T081	C0009667
27670600	1472	1492	hemodynamic response	T042	C0019010
27670600	1503	1505	HR	T081	C2985465
27670600	1516	1518	CI	T081	C0009667
27670600	1540	1544	risk	T078	C0035647
27670600	1567	1575	patients	T101	C0030705
27670600	1576	1580	bled	T046	C0019080
27670600	1596	1600	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	1605	1624	primary prophylaxis	T170	C0033107
27670600	1635	1639	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	1640	1644	dose	T081	C0178602
27670600	1649	1653	dose	T081	C0178602
27670600	1654	1663	titration	T059	C0162621
27670600	1690	1698	patients	T101	C0030705
27670600	1716	1720	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148
27670600	1721	1725	dose	T081	C0178602
27670600	1726	1734	titrated	T059	C0162621
27670600	1802	1812	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27670600	1816	1825	cirrhotic	T047	C1623038
27670600	1826	1834	patients	T101	C0030705
27670600	1838	1842	NSBB	UnknownType	C0360148

27670653|t|Amputation trends for patients with lower extremity ulcers due to diabetes and peripheral artery disease using statewide data
27670653|a|This study reports all-payer amputation rates using state -based administrative claims data for high- risk patients with lower extremity (LE) ulcers and concomitant peripheral artery disease (PAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), or combination PAD / DM. In addition, we characterize patient factors that affect amputation - free survival. We also attempted to create a measure of a patient's ability to manage chronic diseases or to access appropriate outpatient care for ulcer management by accounting for hospital and emergency department (ED) visits in the preceding 60 days to determine how this also affects amputation - free survival. Patients admitted to nonfederal hospitals, seen in an ED, or treated in an eligible ambulatory surgery center within California from 2005 through 2013 with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code for a disease-specific LE ulcer were identified in the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development database. All subsequent hospital, ED, and ambulatory surgery center visits and procedures are captured to identify whether a patient underwent major amputation. Yearly amputation rates were determined to analyze trends. Amputation - free survival for the PAD, DM, and PAD / DM groups was determined. Cox modeling was used to evaluate the effect of patient characteristics. There were 219,547 patients identified with an incident LE ulcer throughout the state. Of these, 131,731 were DM associated, 36,193 were PAD associated, and 51,623 were associated with both PAD and DM. From 2005 to 2013, the number of patients with LE ulcers who required inpatient admission, presented to the ED, or had outpatient procedures was stable. However, there was a statistically significant increase in overall disease -associated amputation rates from 5.1 in 2005 to 13.5 in 2013 (P < .001). Patients with PAD / DM had the greatest increase in amputation rates from 10 per 100 patients with LE ulcer s in 2005 to 28 per 100 patients in 2013 (P < .001). Despite that patients with PAD / DM were 8 years younger than patients with PAD only, they had similar amputation - free survival. Within all age groups, men had worse amputation - free survival than women did. Race did not predict amputation - free survival, but having multiple prior ED or hospital admissions was a significant predictor of worse amputation - free survival. Potentially preventable amputations associated with high- risk diseases are increasing among patients who require inpatient hospital admission, present to the ED, or require outpatient interventional treatment. This trend is most notable among patients with a combination of PAD and DM. Patients with repeated hospitalizations before admission for the LE ulcer had the highest risk of amputation.
27670653	0	10	Amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	22	30	patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	36	58	lower extremity ulcers	T047	C0745822
27670653	66	74	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27670653	79	104	peripheral artery disease	T047	C1704436
27670653	111	120	statewide	T083	C1301808
27670653	121	125	data	T078	C1511726
27670653	131	136	study	T062	C2603343
27670653	155	165	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	166	171	rates	T081	C1521828
27670653	178	183	state	T083	C1301808
27670653	213	217	data	T078	C1511726
27670653	228	232	risk	T058	C0086930
27670653	233	241	patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	247	274	lower extremity (LE) ulcers	T047	C0745822
27670653	291	316	peripheral artery disease	T047	C1704436
27670653	318	321	PAD	T047	C1704436
27670653	324	341	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27670653	343	345	DM	T047	C0011849
27670653	363	366	PAD	T047	C1704436
27670653	369	371	DM	T047	C0011849
27670653	402	409	patient	T101	C0030705
27670653	430	440	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	443	447	free	T169	C0332296
27670653	448	456	survival	T052	C0038952
27670653	501	510	patient's	T101	C0030705
27670653	529	545	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
27670653	571	586	outpatient care	T058	C0002423
27670653	591	607	ulcer management	T061	C0854626
27670653	626	634	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27670653	639	659	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27670653	661	663	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27670653	692	696	days	T079	C0439228
27670653	732	742	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	745	749	free	T169	C0332296
27670653	750	758	survival	T052	C0038952
27670653	760	768	Patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	781	801	nonfederal hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27670653	814	816	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27670653	821	828	treated	T061	C0087111
27670653	844	869	ambulatory surgery center	T073,T093	C1321139
27670653	877	887	California	T083	C0006754
27670653	919	998	International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification	T170	C1137112
27670653	999	1013	diagnosis code	T170	C1550350
27670653	1037	1045	LE ulcer	T047	C0745822
27670653	1069	1079	California	T083	C0006754
27670653	1090	1140	Statewide Health Planning and Development database	T170	C0282574
27670653	1157	1165	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27670653	1167	1169	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27670653	1175	1200	ambulatory surgery center	T073,T093	C1321139
27670653	1258	1265	patient	T101	C0030705
27670653	1282	1292	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	1294	1300	Yearly	T079	C0332181
27670653	1301	1311	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	1312	1317	rates	T081	C1521828
27670653	1353	1363	Amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	1366	1370	free	T169	C0332296
27670653	1371	1379	survival	T052	C0038952
27670653	1388	1391	PAD	T047	C1704436
27670653	1393	1395	DM	T047	C0011849
27670653	1401	1404	PAD	T047	C1704436
27670653	1407	1409	DM	T047	C0011849
27670653	1433	1445	Cox modeling	T170	C0282574
27670653	1481	1488	patient	T101	C0030705
27670653	1525	1533	patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	1562	1570	LE ulcer	T047	C0745822
27670653	1586	1591	state	T083	C1301808
27670653	1616	1618	DM	T047	C0011849
27670653	1643	1646	PAD	T047	C1704436
27670653	1696	1699	PAD	T047	C1704436
27670653	1704	1706	DM	T047	C0011849
27670653	1741	1749	patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	1755	1764	LE ulcers	T047	C0745822
27670653	1778	1787	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27670653	1788	1797	admission	T058	C0184666
27670653	1816	1818	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27670653	1827	1837	outpatient	T101	C0029921
27670653	1928	1935	disease	T047	C0012634
27670653	1948	1958	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	1959	1964	rates	T081	C1521828
27670653	2010	2018	Patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	2024	2027	PAD	T047	C1704436
27670653	2030	2032	DM	T047	C0011849
27670653	2062	2072	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	2073	2078	rates	T081	C1521828
27670653	2073	2078	rates	T081	C1521828
27670653	2095	2103	patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	2109	2117	LE ulcer	T047	C0745822
27670653	2142	2150	patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	2184	2192	patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	2198	2201	PAD	T047	C1704436
27670653	2204	2206	DM	T047	C0011849
27670653	2233	2241	patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	2247	2250	PAD	T047	C1704436
27670653	2274	2284	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	2287	2291	free	T169	C0332296
27670653	2292	2300	survival	T052	C0038952
27670653	2313	2323	age groups	T100	C0027362
27670653	2325	2328	men	T098	C0025266
27670653	2339	2349	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	2352	2356	free	T169	C0332296
27670653	2357	2365	survival	T052	C0038952
27670653	2371	2376	women	T098	C0043210
27670653	2403	2413	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	2416	2420	free	T169	C0332296
27670653	2421	2429	survival	T052	C0038952
27670653	2457	2459	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27670653	2463	2482	hospital admissions	T058	C0184666
27670653	2520	2530	amputation	T061	C0002688
27670653	2533	2537	free	T169	C0332296
27670653	2538	2546	survival	T052	C0038952
27670653	2572	2583	amputations	T061	C0002688
27670653	2606	2610	risk	T058	C0086930
27670653	2611	2619	diseases	T047	C0012634
27670653	2641	2649	patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	2662	2671	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27670653	2672	2690	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
27670653	2707	2709	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27670653	2722	2732	outpatient	T101	C0029921
27670653	2733	2757	interventional treatment	T033	C2077966
27670653	2792	2800	patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	2823	2826	PAD	T047	C1704436
27670653	2831	2833	DM	T047	C0011849
27670653	2835	2843	Patients	T101	C0030705
27670653	2858	2874	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27670653	2882	2891	admission	T058	C0184666
27670653	2900	2908	LE ulcer	T047	C0745822
27670653	2925	2929	risk	T058	C0086930
27670653	2933	2943	amputation	T061	C0002688

27671016|t|Size effect of Au / PAMAM contrast agent on CT imaging of reticuloendothelial system and tumor tissue
27671016|a|Polyamidoamine (PAMAM)-entrapped Au nanoparticles were synthesized with distinct sizes to figure out the size effect of Au -based contrast agent on CT imaging of passively targeted tissues. Au / PAMAM nanoparticles were first synthesized with narrow distribution of particles size of 22.2 ± 3.1, 54.2 ± 3.7, and 104.9 ± 4.7 nm in diameters. Size effect leads no significant difference on X-ray attenuation when Au / PAMAM was ≤0.05 mol/L. For CT imaging of a tumor model, small Au / PAMAM were more easily internalized via endocytosis in the liver, leading to more obviously enhanced contrast. Similarly, contrast agents with small sizes were more effective in tumor imaging because of the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Overall, the particle size of Au / PAMAM heavily affected the efficiency of CT enhancement in imaging RES and tumors.
27671016	0	11	Size effect	T081	C0814843
27671016	15	17	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27671016	20	25	PAMAM	T109	C1609342
27671016	26	40	contrast agent	T130	C0009924
27671016	44	54	CT imaging	T060	C0040405
27671016	58	84	reticuloendothelial system	T022	C0035287
27671016	89	101	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
27671016	102	116	Polyamidoamine	T109	C1609342
27671016	118	123	PAMAM	T109	C1609342
27671016	135	137	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27671016	138	151	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27671016	174	188	distinct sizes	T081	C0030608
27671016	207	218	size effect	T081	C0814843
27671016	222	224	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27671016	232	246	contrast agent	T130	C0009924
27671016	250	260	CT imaging	T060	C0040405
27671016	274	282	targeted	T043	C0599894
27671016	283	290	tissues	T024	C0475358
27671016	292	294	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27671016	297	302	PAMAM	T109	C1609342
27671016	303	316	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27671016	328	339	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27671016	352	364	distribution	T082	C0037775
27671016	368	382	particles size	T081	C0030608
27671016	443	454	Size effect	T081	C0814843
27671016	461	486	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
27671016	490	495	X-ray	T060	C1306645
27671016	496	507	attenuation	T052	C0599946
27671016	513	515	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27671016	518	523	PAMAM	T109	C1609342
27671016	545	555	CT imaging	T060	C0040405
27671016	561	572	tumor model	T024	C0475358
27671016	580	582	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27671016	585	590	PAMAM	T109	C1609342
27671016	625	636	endocytosis	T043	C0014139
27671016	644	649	liver	T023	C0023884
27671016	677	694	enhanced contrast	T060	C1512095
27671016	707	722	contrast agents	T130	C0009924
27671016	728	739	small sizes	T033	C0748864
27671016	763	768	tumor	T024	C0475358
27671016	769	776	imaging	T060	C0011923
27671016	792	813	enhanced permeability	T043	C0007605
27671016	818	834	retention effect	T043	C1753315
27671016	849	862	particle size	T081	C0030608
27671016	866	868	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27671016	871	876	PAMAM	T109	C1609342
27671016	898	908	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27671016	912	914	CT	T074	C1139717
27671016	915	926	enhancement	T080	C2985747
27671016	930	937	imaging	T060	C0011923
27671016	938	941	RES	T022	C0035287
27671016	946	952	tumors	T024	C0475358

27671177|t|Caries with Dental Fluorosis and Oral Health Behaviour Among 12-Year School Children in Moderate-Fluoride Drinking Water Community in Quetta, Pakistan
27671177|a|To determine the prevalence of dental caries and its relationship with dental fluorosis, oral health behaviour and dietary behaviour among 12-year school children in moderate-fluoride drinking water community in Quetta, Pakistan. Cross-sectional study. Government and private schools of Quetta, from November 2012 to February 2013. Atotal of 349 children aged 12-year from 14 randomly selected schools were included. The data collection was done on questionnaire designed for children. Dental caries status was examined by using WHO criteria. Dental caries was found in 81 children (23.2%) with mean DMFT 0.61. Boys had 1.6 times more chance to have dental caries than girls. Dental fluorosis was found in 63.6% of children with majority of moderate degree (50.5%). Dental fluorosis status was found significantly associated with dental caries status in children. The children who had mild, moderate and severe fluorosis, had 4 times more chances to develop caries than those who did not have fluorosis. There was no significant association between children's caries status and use of paste, brushing habit, miswak, and visit to the dentist. The use of pastries and juices had a direct relation with the children's dental caries status. Dental caries in children of Quetta is not so much frequent as compared to the fluoride deficient countries. However, the high prevalence of moderate dental fluorosis and consumption of pastries and juices resulted in dental caries.
27671177	0	6	Caries	T047	C0333519
27671177	12	28	Dental Fluorosis	T047	C0026618
27671177	33	54	Oral Health Behaviour	T201	C1830927
27671177	61	68	12-Year	T079	C0439234
27671177	69	84	School Children	T100	C0260267
27671177	88	130	Moderate-Fluoride Drinking Water Community	T096	C0009462
27671177	134	140	Quetta	T083	C0017446
27671177	142	150	Pakistan	T083	C0030211
27671177	168	178	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27671177	182	195	dental caries	T047	C0011334
27671177	204	216	relationship	T080	C0439849
27671177	222	238	dental fluorosis	T047	C0026618
27671177	240	261	oral health behaviour	T201	C1830927
27671177	266	283	dietary behaviour	T033	C4019289
27671177	290	297	12-year	T079	C0439234
27671177	298	313	school children	T100	C0260267
27671177	317	359	moderate-fluoride drinking water community	T096	C0009462
27671177	363	369	Quetta	T083	C0017446
27671177	371	379	Pakistan	T083	C0030211
27671177	381	402	Cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27671177	404	414	Government	T073,T092	C0036375
27671177	419	434	private schools	T073,T092	C0036375
27671177	438	444	Quetta	T083	C0017446
27671177	451	459	November	T079	C3828767
27671177	468	476	February	T080	C3830166
27671177	497	505	children	T100	C0008059
27671177	511	518	12-year	T079	C0439234
27671177	545	552	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
27671177	572	587	data collection	T062	C0010995
27671177	600	613	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27671177	627	635	children	T100	C0008059
27671177	637	650	Dental caries	T047	C0011334
27671177	651	657	status	T080	C0449438
27671177	651	657	status	T080	C0449438
27671177	662	670	examined	T033	C0332128
27671177	680	683	WHO	T093	C0043237
27671177	694	707	Dental caries	T047	C0011334
27671177	724	732	children	T100	C0008059
27671177	751	755	DMFT	T081	C0012845
27671177	762	766	Boys	T100	C0870221
27671177	801	814	dental caries	T047	C0011334
27671177	820	825	girls	T100	C0870604
27671177	827	843	Dental fluorosis	T047	C0026618
27671177	866	874	children	T100	C0008059
27671177	892	900	moderate	T080	C0205081
27671177	917	933	Dental fluorosis	T047	C0026618
27671177	934	940	status	T080	C0449438
27671177	965	980	associated with	T080	C0332281
27671177	981	994	dental caries	T047	C0011334
27671177	995	1001	status	T080	C0449438
27671177	1005	1013	children	T100	C0008059
27671177	1019	1027	children	T100	C0008059
27671177	1036	1040	mild	T080	C2945599
27671177	1042	1050	moderate	T080	C0205081
27671177	1055	1061	severe	T080	C0205082
27671177	1062	1071	fluorosis	T047	C0026618
27671177	1101	1108	develop	T169	C1527148
27671177	1109	1115	caries	T047	C0333519
27671177	1144	1153	fluorosis	T047	C0026618
27671177	1180	1191	association	T080	C0439849
27671177	1200	1210	children's	T100	C0008059
27671177	1211	1217	caries	T047	C0333519
27671177	1218	1224	status	T080	C0449438
27671177	1236	1241	paste	T122	C0040462
27671177	1243	1257	brushing habit	T061	C0040461
27671177	1259	1265	miswak	T122	C0011379
27671177	1271	1276	visit	T053	C0545082
27671177	1284	1291	dentist	T097	C0011441
27671177	1304	1312	pastries	T168	C0016452
27671177	1317	1323	juices	T168	C1268568
27671177	1355	1365	children's	T100	C0008059
27671177	1366	1379	dental caries	T047	C0011334
27671177	1380	1386	status	T080	C0449438
27671177	1388	1401	Dental caries	T047	C0011334
27671177	1405	1413	children	T100	C0008059
27671177	1417	1423	Quetta	T083	C0017446
27671177	1467	1475	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
27671177	1476	1485	deficient	T169	C0011155
27671177	1486	1495	countries	T083	C0454664
27671177	1515	1525	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27671177	1538	1554	dental fluorosis	T047	C0026618
27671177	1559	1570	consumption	T052	C2983605
27671177	1574	1582	pastries	T168	C0016452
27671177	1587	1593	juices	T168	C1268568
27671177	1606	1619	dental caries	T047	C0011334

27671656|t|Trisaccharide containing α2,3-linked sialic acid is a receptor for mumps virus
27671656|a|Mumps virus (MuV) remains an important pathogen worldwide, causing epidemic parotitis, orchitis, meningitis, and encephalitis. Here we show that MuV preferentially uses a trisaccharide containing α2,3-linked sialic acid in unbranched sugar chains as a receptor. Crystal structures of the MuV attachment protein hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (MuV - HN) alone and in complex with the α2,3-sialylated trisaccharide revealed that in addition to the interaction between the MuV - HN active site residues and sialic acid, other residues, including an aromatic residue, stabilize the third sugar of the trisaccharide. The importance of the aromatic residue and the third sugar in the MuV - HN - receptor interaction was confirmed by computational energy calculations, isothermal titration calorimetry studies, and glycan-binding assays. Furthermore, MuV - HN was found to bind more efficiently to unbranched α2,3-sialylated sugar chains compared with branched ones. Important ly, the strategically located aromatic residue is conserved among the HN protein s of sialic acid -using paramyxoviruses, and alanine substitution compromised their ability to support cell-cell fusion. These results suggest that not only the terminal sialic acid but also the adjacent sugar moiety contribute to receptor function for mumps and these paramyxoviruses. The distribution of structurally different sialylated glycans in tissues and organs may explain in part MuV's distinct tropism to glandular tissues and the central nervous system. In the crystal structure, the epitopes for neutralizing antibodies are located around the α-helices of MuV - HN that are not well conserved in amino acid sequences among different genotypes of MuV. This may explain the fact that MuV reinfection sometimes occurs.
27671656	0	13	Trisaccharide	T109	C0041102
27671656	25	48	α2,3-linked sialic acid	T109,T123	C0067762
27671656	54	62	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27671656	67	78	mumps virus	T005	C0026783
27671656	79	90	Mumps virus	T005	C0026783
27671656	92	95	MuV	T005	C0026783
27671656	108	117	important	T080	C3898777
27671656	118	126	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27671656	146	164	epidemic parotitis	T047	C0026780
27671656	166	174	orchitis	T047	C0029191
27671656	176	186	meningitis	T047	C0025289
27671656	192	204	encephalitis	T047	C0014038
27671656	224	227	MuV	T005	C0026783
27671656	228	242	preferentially	T078	C0558295
27671656	250	263	trisaccharide	T109	C0041102
27671656	275	298	α2,3-linked sialic acid	T109,T123	C0067762
27671656	302	312	unbranched	T082	C1254362
27671656	313	318	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27671656	319	325	chains	T077	C3641152
27671656	331	339	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27671656	341	359	Crystal structures	T104	C0444626
27671656	367	370	MuV	T005	C0026783
27671656	371	381	attachment	T052	C1947904
27671656	382	389	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27671656	390	417	hemagglutinin-neuraminidase	T116	C2985502
27671656	419	422	MuV	T005	C0026783
27671656	425	427	HN	T116	C2985502
27671656	429	434	alone	T081	C0205171
27671656	442	449	complex	T104	C1704241
27671656	459	474	α2,3-sialylated	T109,T123	C0067762
27671656	475	488	trisaccharide	T109	C0041102
27671656	489	497	revealed	T080	C0443289
27671656	522	533	interaction	T169	C1704675
27671656	546	549	MuV	T005	C0026783
27671656	552	554	HN	T116	C2985502
27671656	555	566	active site	T169	C0205681
27671656	567	575	residues	T077	C1709915
27671656	580	591	sialic acid	T109,T123	C0067762
27671656	599	607	residues	T077	C1709915
27671656	622	630	aromatic	T109	C0020245
27671656	631	638	residue	T077	C1709915
27671656	640	649	stabilize	T033	C0184512
27671656	660	665	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27671656	673	686	trisaccharide	T109	C0041102
27671656	692	702	importance	T080	C3898777
27671656	710	718	aromatic	T109	C0020245
27671656	719	726	residue	T077	C1709915
27671656	741	746	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27671656	754	757	MuV	T005	C0026783
27671656	760	762	HN	T116	C2985502
27671656	765	773	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27671656	774	785	interaction	T169	C1704675
27671656	803	816	computational	T052	C1880157
27671656	817	823	energy	T081	C1442080
27671656	824	836	calculations	T052	C1441506
27671656	838	870	isothermal titration calorimetry	T074	C3689480
27671656	871	878	studies	T062	C2603343
27671656	884	905	glycan-binding assays	T059	C0005507
27671656	920	923	MuV	T005	C0026783
27671656	926	928	HN	T116	C2985502
27671656	942	946	bind	T044	C1167622
27671656	952	963	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27671656	967	977	unbranched	T082	C1254362
27671656	978	993	α2,3-sialylated	T109,T123	C0067762
27671656	994	999	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27671656	1000	1006	chains	T077	C3641152
27671656	1007	1015	compared	T052	C1707455
27671656	1021	1029	branched	T082	C2700384
27671656	1036	1045	Important	T080	C3898777
27671656	1054	1067	strategically	T041	C0679199
27671656	1076	1084	aromatic	T109	C0020245
27671656	1085	1092	residue	T077	C1709915
27671656	1096	1105	conserved	T080	C2347858
27671656	1116	1118	HN	T116	C2985502
27671656	1119	1126	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27671656	1132	1143	sialic acid	T109,T123	C0067762
27671656	1151	1166	paramyxoviruses	T005	C0206539
27671656	1172	1179	alanine	T116,T123	C0001898
27671656	1180	1192	substitution	T045	C0525038
27671656	1193	1204	compromised	T033	C2945640
27671656	1211	1218	ability	T032	C0085732
27671656	1230	1246	cell-cell fusion	T043	C1261468
27671656	1254	1261	results	T033	C0683954
27671656	1288	1296	terminal	T082	C1705315
27671656	1297	1308	sialic acid	T109,T123	C0067762
27671656	1322	1330	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27671656	1331	1336	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27671656	1337	1343	moiety	T077	C3641152
27671656	1344	1354	contribute	T052	C1880177
27671656	1358	1375	receptor function	T044	C0920644
27671656	1380	1385	mumps	T047	C0026780
27671656	1396	1411	paramyxoviruses	T005	C0206539
27671656	1417	1429	distribution	T169	C1704711
27671656	1433	1445	structurally	T082	C0678594
27671656	1446	1455	different	T080	C1705242
27671656	1456	1474	sialylated glycans	T109,T121	C0032594
27671656	1478	1485	tissues	T024	C0040300
27671656	1490	1496	organs	T023	C0178784
27671656	1517	1522	MuV's	T005	C0026783
27671656	1523	1531	distinct	T080	C2963144
27671656	1532	1539	tropism	T039	C0242732
27671656	1543	1552	glandular	T023	C1285092
27671656	1553	1560	tissues	T024	C0040300
27671656	1569	1591	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27671656	1600	1617	crystal structure	T104	C0444626
27671656	1623	1631	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27671656	1636	1659	neutralizing antibodies	T129	C2986386
27671656	1683	1692	α-helices	T082	C0162805
27671656	1696	1699	MuV	T005	C0026783
27671656	1702	1704	HN	T116	C2985502
27671656	1723	1732	conserved	T080	C2347858
27671656	1736	1756	amino acid sequences	T087	C0002518
27671656	1763	1772	different	T080	C1705242
27671656	1773	1782	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27671656	1786	1789	MuV	T005	C0026783
27671656	1812	1816	fact	T080	C0870542
27671656	1822	1825	MuV	T005	C0026783
27671656	1826	1837	reinfection	T169	C0205339

27671789|t|Proteomics analysis of the endogenous, constitutive, leaf SUMOylome
27671789|a|SUMOylation is a post-translational modification which regulates a number of critical biological processes in, for example mammals, yeast and plants. In order to fully understand the functional effects of SUMOylation an essential first step is the identification of endogenous targets for SUMOylation. Here we report the results of using a recently developed proteomic approach based on the use of 3D gels to identify the endogenous SUMO targets in leaves of Solanum tuberosum. By using 3D gels we avoid the problem of co-migration of proteins, which is a major limitation of 2D gels, and we enable the use of the highly sensitive CyDye DIGE fluor saturation dyes. Using this new method we have identified 39 individual proteins as probable SUMO targets in leaves of Solanum tuberosum. The advantages of this method compared with other approaches are discussed, and possible future developments are outlined. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. All authors have approved the manuscript and agree with submission to Journal of Proteomics.
27671789	0	10	Proteomics	T116,T123	C0751973
27671789	11	19	analysis	T059	C0002778
27671789	27	37	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27671789	53	57	leaf	T002	C0242724
27671789	58	67	SUMOylome	T044	C0872079
27671789	68	79	SUMOylation	T044	C1157990
27671789	85	116	post-translational modification	T044	C0033666
27671789	123	132	regulates	T038	C1327622
27671789	145	153	critical	T080	C1511545
27671789	154	174	biological processes	T038	C3714634
27671789	191	198	mammals	T015	C0024660
27671789	200	205	yeast	T004	C0043393
27671789	210	216	plants	T002	C0032098
27671789	236	246	understand	T041	C0162340
27671789	251	269	functional effects	T033	C0935657
27671789	273	284	SUMOylation	T044	C1157990
27671789	288	297	essential	T080	C0205224
27671789	316	330	identification	T041	C0020792
27671789	334	344	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27671789	345	352	targets	T169	C1521840
27671789	357	368	SUMOylation	T044	C1157990
27671789	378	384	report	T170	C0684224
27671789	389	396	results	T169	C1274040
27671789	427	445	proteomic approach	T091	C0872252
27671789	466	468	3D	T082	C0450363
27671789	469	473	gels	T122	C0017243
27671789	490	500	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27671789	501	505	SUMO	T116	C0911575
27671789	506	513	targets	T169	C1521840
27671789	517	523	leaves	T002	C0242724
27671789	527	544	Solanum tuberosum	T002	C1145678
27671789	555	557	3D	T082	C0450363
27671789	558	562	gels	T122	C0017243
27671789	587	599	co-migration	T067	C1254366
27671789	603	611	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27671789	624	629	major	T080	C0205164
27671789	630	640	limitation	T169	C0449295
27671789	644	646	2D	T082	C1705052
27671789	647	651	gels	T122	C0017243
27671789	682	698	highly sensitive	T080	C0439822
27671789	699	731	CyDye DIGE fluor saturation dyes	T130	C0016320
27671789	763	773	identified	T080	C0205396
27671789	777	796	individual proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27671789	800	808	probable	T081	C0033204
27671789	809	813	SUMO	T116	C0911575
27671789	814	821	targets	T169	C1521840
27671789	825	831	leaves	T002	C0242724
27671789	835	852	Solanum tuberosum	T002	C1145678
27671789	877	883	method	T059	C0871511
27671789	904	914	approaches	T169	C1292724
27671789	934	942	possible	T033	C0332149
27671789	943	949	future	T079	C0016884
27671789	950	962	developments	T169	C1527148
27671789	981	988	authors	T097	C3812881
27671789	997	1018	conflicts of interest	T078	C0079152
27671789	1035	1042	authors	T097	C3812881
27671789	1048	1056	approved	T080	C0205540
27671789	1061	1071	manuscript	T073,T170	C0600659
27671789	1076	1081	agree	T033	C3641827
27671789	1087	1097	submission	T169	C1515022
27671789	1101	1122	Journal of Proteomics	T073,T170	C0162443

27673404|t|Executive functions, parental punishment, and aggression: Direct and moderated relations
27673404|a|The main focus of the current study was to assess whether executive functions (EFs) moderate the effect of parental punishment on adolescent aggression. The sample were 370 participants (53% girls, 47% boys) enrolled at secondary and higher secondary levels and ranged in age between 13-19 years (M = 15.5, SD = 1.3). Participants were assessed on a self-report measure of aggression and two punishment measures, in addition to a demographic sheet. Then, they were individually assessed on four tests taken from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functions System (D-KEFS) namely Trial Making Test (TMT), Design Fluency Test (DFT), Color Word Interference Test (CWIT), and Card Sorting Test (CST) to assess cognitive flexibility, nonverbal fluency, inhibition, and problem-solving ability, respectively. Correlation coefficients indicated that all four executive functioning measures and the two punishment measures were significantly correlated with aggression. Moderation analysis indicated that all EFs moderated the relationship between physical punishment and aggression, and only inhibition and problem-solving ability, but not cognitive flexibility and nonverbal fluency, moderated the relations between symbolic punishment and aggression. The findings support the hypothesis that EFs are protective personal factors that promote healthy adolescent adjustment in the presence of challenging environmental factors.
27673404	0	19	Executive functions	T041	C0935584
27673404	21	29	parental	T099	C0030551
27673404	30	40	punishment	T078	C0034119
27673404	46	56	aggression	T055	C0001807
27673404	58	64	Direct	T080	C0439851
27673404	69	78	moderated	T080	C0205081
27673404	79	88	relations	T054	C0869014
27673404	119	124	study	T062	C2603343
27673404	132	138	assess	T052	C1516048
27673404	147	166	executive functions	T041	C0935584
27673404	168	171	EFs	T041	C0935584
27673404	173	181	moderate	T080	C0205081
27673404	186	195	effect of	T080	C1704420
27673404	196	204	parental	T099	C0030551
27673404	205	215	punishment	T078	C0034119
27673404	219	229	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27673404	230	240	aggression	T055	C0001807
27673404	246	252	sample	T078	C0441833
27673404	262	274	participants	T098	C0679646
27673404	280	285	girls	T098	C0043210
27673404	291	295	boys	T100	C0870221
27673404	309	318	secondary	T170	C0683860
27673404	323	346	higher secondary levels	T170	C0424933
27673404	361	364	age	T032	C0001779
27673404	379	384	years	T079	C0439234
27673404	396	398	SD	T081	C0871420
27673404	407	419	Participants	T098	C0679646
27673404	425	433	assessed	T052	C1516048
27673404	439	450	self-report	T062	C2700446
27673404	451	458	measure	T081	C0079809
27673404	462	472	aggression	T055	C0001807
27673404	481	491	punishment	T078	C0034119
27673404	492	500	measures	T081	C0079809
27673404	519	536	demographic sheet	T170	C0282574
27673404	567	575	assessed	T052	C1516048
27673404	584	589	tests	T170	C0392366
27673404	605	653	Delis-Kaplan Executive Functions System (D-KEFS)	T170	C4065492
27673404	661	678	Trial Making Test	T170	C0392366
27673404	680	683	TMT	T170	C0392366
27673404	686	705	Design Fluency Test	T170	C4065432
27673404	707	710	DFT	T170	C4065432
27673404	713	741	Color Word Interference Test	T170	C4065470
27673404	743	747	CWIT	T170	C4065470
27673404	754	771	Card Sorting Test	T170	C0392366
27673404	773	776	CST	T170	C0392366
27673404	781	787	assess	T052	C1516048
27673404	788	809	cognitive flexibility	T041	C2370892
27673404	811	820	nonverbal	T033	C0746940
27673404	821	828	fluency	T080	C0870569
27673404	830	840	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27673404	846	869	problem-solving ability	T033	C4274607
27673404	885	909	Correlation coefficients	T081	C1707429
27673404	934	955	executive functioning	T041	C0935584
27673404	956	964	measures	T081	C0079809
27673404	977	987	punishment	T078	C0034119
27673404	988	996	measures	T081	C0079809
27673404	1016	1026	correlated	T080	C1707520
27673404	1032	1042	aggression	T055	C0001807
27673404	1044	1063	Moderation analysis	T062	C0936012
27673404	1083	1086	EFs	T041	C0935584
27673404	1087	1096	moderated	T080	C0205081
27673404	1101	1113	relationship	T080	C0439849
27673404	1122	1130	physical	T169	C0205485
27673404	1131	1141	punishment	T078	C0034119
27673404	1146	1156	aggression	T055	C0001807
27673404	1167	1177	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27673404	1182	1205	problem-solving ability	T033	C4274607
27673404	1215	1236	cognitive flexibility	T041	C2370892
27673404	1241	1250	nonverbal	T033	C0746940
27673404	1251	1258	fluency	T080	C0870569
27673404	1260	1269	moderated	T080	C0205081
27673404	1292	1311	symbolic punishment	T078	C0034119
27673404	1316	1326	aggression	T055	C0001807
27673404	1332	1340	findings	T169	C2607943
27673404	1353	1363	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27673404	1369	1372	EFs	T041	C0935584
27673404	1377	1404	protective personal factors	T055	C0679688
27673404	1418	1425	healthy	T080	C3898900
27673404	1426	1436	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27673404	1437	1447	adjustment	T055	C0376209
27673404	1479	1500	environmental factors	T169	C1516998

27676379|t|Postprandial anti-hyperglycemic activity of marine Streptomyces coelicoflavus SRBVIT13 mediated gold nanoparticles in streptozotocin induced diabetic male albino Wister rats
27676379|a|The present study focuses on the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using Streptomyces coelicoflavus (S. coelicoflavus) SRBVIT13 isolated from marine salt pan soils collected from Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India. The biosynthesised AuNPs are characterised by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Transmission electron microscopy study suggests that the biosynthesised AuNPs are spherical in shape within a size range of 12-20 nm (mean diameter as 14 nm). The anti-type II diabetes activity of AuNPs is carried out by testing it in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity and in vivo postprandial anti-hyperglycemic activity in sucrose and glucose -loaded streptozotocin induced diabetic albino Wister rats. AuNPs has shown a significant inhibitory activity of 84.70 and 87.82% with IC50 values of 67.65 and 65.59 μg/mL to α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes, while the diabetic rats have shown significant reduction in the post postprandial blood glucose level by 57.80 and 88.09%, respectively compared with control group after AuNPs treatment at the concentration of 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight. Hence, this biosynthesised AuNPs might be useful in combating type II diabetes mellitus for the betterment of human life.
27676379	0	12	Postprandial	T079	C0376674
27676379	13	40	anti-hyperglycemic activity	T033	C2825141
27676379	44	50	marine	T001	C0599383
27676379	51	86	Streptomyces coelicoflavus SRBVIT13	T007	C1656173
27676379	96	100	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27676379	101	114	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27676379	118	132	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
27676379	133	140	induced	T169	C0205263
27676379	141	149	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27676379	150	154	male	T032	C0086582
27676379	155	173	albino Wister rats	T015	C0034716
27676379	207	219	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27676379	223	227	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27676379	228	241	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27676379	243	248	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27676379	256	310	Streptomyces coelicoflavus (S. coelicoflavus) SRBVIT13	T007	C1656173
27676379	311	319	isolated	T169	C0205409
27676379	325	346	marine salt pan soils	T167	C0037592
27676379	362	368	Ongole	UnknownType	C0681784
27676379	370	384	Andhra Pradesh	UnknownType	C0681784
27676379	386	391	India	T083	C0021201
27676379	397	411	biosynthesised	T169	C0005572
27676379	412	417	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27676379	422	435	characterised	T062	C1881968
27676379	439	462	UV-visible spectroscopy	T059	C0037812
27676379	464	481	X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
27676379	483	522	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
27676379	524	572	high-resolution transmission electron microscopy	T059	C2697588
27676379	577	609	energy-dispersive X-ray analysis	T059	C0599643
27676379	611	643	Transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
27676379	668	682	biosynthesised	T169	C0005572
27676379	683	688	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27676379	693	711	spherical in shape	T082	C0332501
27676379	721	725	size	T082	C0456389
27676379	745	758	mean diameter	T081	C0552409
27676379	774	804	anti-type II diabetes activity	T033	C2825141
27676379	808	813	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27676379	832	839	testing	T169	C0039593
27676379	843	851	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27676379	852	865	α-glucosidase	T116,T121,T126	C0002272
27676379	870	879	α-amylase	T116,T121,T126	C3853624
27676379	880	906	enzyme inhibition activity	T040	C2248397
27676379	911	918	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27676379	919	931	postprandial	T079	C0376674
27676379	932	959	anti-hyperglycemic activity	T033	C2825141
27676379	963	970	sucrose	T109,T121,T123	C0038636
27676379	975	982	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27676379	991	1005	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
27676379	1006	1013	induced	T169	C0205263
27676379	1014	1022	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27676379	1023	1041	albino Wister rats	T015	C0034716
27676379	1043	1048	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27676379	1073	1092	inhibitory activity	T040	C2248397
27676379	1118	1122	IC50	T081	C0600495
27676379	1158	1171	α-glucosidase	T116,T121,T126	C0002272
27676379	1176	1185	α-amylase	T116,T121,T126	C3853624
27676379	1186	1193	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27676379	1205	1213	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27676379	1214	1218	rats	T015	C0034693
27676379	1242	1251	reduction	T080	C0392756
27676379	1264	1276	postprandial	T079	C0376674
27676379	1277	1296	blood glucose level	T034	C0428554
27676379	1345	1358	control group	T096	C0009932
27676379	1365	1370	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27676379	1371	1380	treatment	T169	C1522326
27676379	1388	1401	concentration	T081	C0392762
27676379	1417	1434	mg/kg body weight	T081	C0560741
27676379	1448	1462	biosynthesised	T169	C0005572
27676379	1463	1468	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
27676379	1498	1523	type II diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27676379	1546	1551	human	T016	C0086418
27676379	1552	1556	life	T078	C0376558

27676724|t|Antenatal consultation following limb malformation discovery using ultrasound scan
27676724|a|Our unit has been providing antenatal consultations for 30 years following the discovery of limb malformation with the fetus. Each of these consultations is specific and carried out by a multi-professional team. It requires a physical and rehabilitation doctor, an orthopedic surgeon, an occupational therapist for upper limb malformation, a physiotherapist for lower malformation and a psychologist. This multidisciplinary consultation is unique because of each pregnancy story, because of each patient life story but also because of the words used by the sonologist when announcing the diagnosis. We deal with couples shocked by the prenatal diagnosis. We help them get acceptance of the child to be born and to forget about their imaginary child. Medical information is often perceived as being "a surfeit of information " difficult to handle by the couple stunned by the overwhelming diagnosis. We must stress that it is critical to not only have a good medical description of the malformations and potential treatments but also a good psychological support (parents personal life story, self-defense mechanism, guilt feeling). The ethical aspect of this consultation is also important. Team members must be as neutral as possible in their assessments in order to let the couple take the final decision: the continuation of the pregnancy or a request of voluntary termination of pregnancy. These prenatal consultations highlight the importance of the multidisciplinary global care.
27676724	0	9	Antenatal	T079	C2828394
27676724	10	22	consultation	T058	C0009818
27676724	23	32	following	T079	C0332282
27676724	33	50	limb malformation	T019	C0206762
27676724	51	60	discovery	T052	C1880355
27676724	67	82	ultrasound scan	T060	C0041618
27676724	87	91	unit	T073,T093	C0019988
27676724	101	110	providing	T052	C1999230
27676724	111	120	antenatal	T079	C2828394
27676724	121	134	consultations	T058	C0009818
27676724	148	157	following	T079	C0332282
27676724	162	171	discovery	T052	C1880355
27676724	175	192	limb malformation	T019	C0206762
27676724	202	207	fetus	T018	C0015965
27676724	223	236	consultations	T058	C0009818
27676724	240	248	specific	T080	C0205369
27676724	253	264	carried out	T058	C2733037
27676724	270	293	multi-professional team	T058	C0086390
27676724	298	306	requires	T169	C1514873
27676724	322	336	rehabilitation	T091	C1306847
27676724	337	343	doctor	T097	C0031831
27676724	348	366	orthopedic surgeon	T097	C0334891
27676724	371	393	occupational therapist	T097	C0028807
27676724	398	421	upper limb malformation	T019	C1404175
27676724	425	440	physiotherapist	T097	C2362565
27676724	445	463	lower malformation	T019	C1404177
27676724	470	482	psychologist	T097	C0033908
27676724	489	506	multidisciplinary	T057	C0242479
27676724	507	519	consultation	T058	C0009818
27676724	523	529	unique	T080	C1710548
27676724	546	555	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27676724	579	586	patient	T101	C0030705
27676724	587	597	life story	T170	C0681455
27676724	640	650	sonologist	T097	C1522486
27676724	671	680	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27676724	695	702	couples	T099	C0010222
27676724	703	710	shocked	T033	C0436570
27676724	718	736	prenatal diagnosis	T060	C0033053
27676724	755	765	acceptance	T055	C0000899
27676724	773	778	child	T100	C0008059
27676724	816	825	imaginary	T041	C0025361
27676724	826	831	child	T100	C0008059
27676724	833	852	Medical information	T058	C0850397
27676724	862	871	perceived	T041	C0030971
27676724	884	891	surfeit	T080	C0205556
27676724	895	906	information	T078	C1533716
27676724	909	918	difficult	T080	C0332218
27676724	936	942	couple	T099	C0010222
27676724	943	950	stunned	T033	C4061448
27676724	958	970	overwhelming	T080	C0205556
27676724	971	980	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27676724	1008	1016	critical	T080	C1511545
27676724	1041	1060	medical description	T033	C0517733
27676724	1068	1081	malformations	T019	C0000768
27676724	1086	1106	potential treatments	T061	C0087111
27676724	1123	1144	psychological support	T058	C0600015
27676724	1146	1153	parents	T099	C0030551
27676724	1154	1162	personal	T032	C1519021
27676724	1163	1173	life story	T170	C0681455
27676724	1175	1197	self-defense mechanism	T041	C0011142
27676724	1199	1212	guilt feeling	T041	C0018379
27676724	1219	1233	ethical aspect	T078	C1136353
27676724	1242	1254	consultation	T058	C0009818
27676724	1263	1272	important	T080	C3898777
27676724	1274	1278	Team	T058	C0086390
27676724	1279	1286	members	T098	C0680022
27676724	1298	1305	neutral	T170	C4050008
27676724	1309	1317	possible	T033	C0332149
27676724	1327	1338	assessments	T058	C0220825
27676724	1359	1365	couple	T099	C0010222
27676724	1381	1389	decision	T041	C0679006
27676724	1395	1407	continuation	T033	C0805733
27676724	1415	1424	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27676724	1430	1437	request	T052	C1272683
27676724	1441	1450	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27676724	1451	1475	termination of pregnancy	T061	C0392535
27676724	1483	1491	prenatal	T100	C0678804
27676724	1492	1505	consultations	T058	C0009818
27676724	1520	1530	importance	T080	C0205556
27676724	1538	1555	multidisciplinary	T080	C0205556
27676724	1556	1562	global	T080	C2348867
27676724	1563	1567	care	T058	C0086388

27677165|t|The association between HIV, antiretroviral therapy, and gestational diabetes mellitus
27677165|a|The widespread, chronic use of antiretroviral therapy raises questions concerning the metabolic consequences of HIV infection and treatment. Antiretroviral therapy, and specifically protease inhibitors, has been associated with hyperglycemia. As pregnant women are vulnerable to development of hyperglycemia, the objective of this study was to explore existing literature on the relationship between HIV infection, HIV treatment, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A systematic search was conducted in six databases for articles providing data on HIV-positivity, protease inhibitor exposure, and GDM or glucose intolerance development in pregnancy. The quality of articles was evaluated using an adapted Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool. Risk ratios were generated from pooled data using meta-analysis by the Mantel-Haenszel method. Of 891 references screened, six studies on the role of HIV-positivity, 10 on protease inhibitor use, and two on both were included. Meta-analysis showed no significant relationship between HIV infection and the development of GDM [risk ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47-1.37, I = 0%]. Meta-analysis of protease inhibitor exposure showed increased GDM in studies using first-generation protease inhibitors (risk ratio 2.29, 95% CI: 1.46-3.58) and studies using the strictest diagnosis criteria, the National Diabetes Data Group criteria for 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (risk ratio 3.81, 95% CI: 2.18-6.67). Meta-analysis showed no significant association between HIV-positivity and GDM. Significance of protease inhibitor use was limited to studies using the strictest diagnostic criteria for GDM. Results are limited by high risk of bias. Well designed prospective studies are needed to further clarify this relationship and its consequences for clinical practice.
27677165	4	15	association	T080	C0439849
27677165	24	27	HIV	T047	C0019693
27677165	29	51	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
27677165	57	86	gestational diabetes mellitus	T047	C0085207
27677165	91	101	widespread	T082	C0205391
27677165	103	110	chronic	T079	C0205191
27677165	111	117	use of	T169	C1524063
27677165	118	140	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
27677165	148	157	questions	T170	C1522634
27677165	173	182	metabolic	T169	C0025520
27677165	183	195	consequences	T169	C0686907
27677165	199	212	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27677165	217	226	treatment	T061	C0087111
27677165	228	250	Antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
27677165	269	288	protease inhibitors	T121	C0033607
27677165	299	314	associated with	T080	C0332281
27677165	315	328	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27677165	333	347	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27677165	352	362	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
27677165	366	377	development	T169	C1527148
27677165	381	394	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27677165	400	409	objective	T170	C0018017
27677165	418	423	study	T062	C2603343
27677165	448	458	literature	T170	C0023866
27677165	466	478	relationship	T080	C0439849
27677165	487	500	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27677165	502	505	HIV	T047	C0019693
27677165	506	515	treatment	T061	C0087111
27677165	521	550	gestational diabetes mellitus	T047	C0085207
27677165	552	555	GDM	T047	C0085207
27677165	560	570	systematic	T169	C0220922
27677165	571	577	search	T052	C1706202
27677165	599	608	databases	T170	C0242356
27677165	613	621	articles	T170	C1706852
27677165	632	636	data	T078	C1511726
27677165	640	654	HIV-positivity	T034	C0019699
27677165	656	674	protease inhibitor	T121	C0033607
27677165	675	683	exposure	T080	C0332157
27677165	689	692	GDM	T047	C0085207
27677165	696	740	glucose intolerance development in pregnancy	T047	C0342307
27677165	746	753	quality	T080	C0332306
27677165	757	765	articles	T170	C1706852
27677165	770	779	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27677165	797	840	Cochrane Collaboration bias assessment tool	T170	C0282574
27677165	842	853	Risk ratios	T081	C0028873
27677165	859	868	generated	T052	C3146294
27677165	874	880	pooled	T169	C2349200
27677165	881	885	data	T078	C1511726
27677165	892	905	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27677165	913	935	Mantel-Haenszel method	T062	C1710191
27677165	944	954	references	T170	C1514811
27677165	969	976	studies	T062	C2603343
27677165	984	988	role	T077	C1705810
27677165	992	1006	HIV-positivity	T034	C0019699
27677165	1014	1032	protease inhibitor	T121	C0033607
27677165	1033	1036	use	T169	C0457083
27677165	1069	1082	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27677165	1090	1104	no significant	T033	C1273937
27677165	1105	1117	relationship	T080	C0439849
27677165	1126	1139	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27677165	1148	1159	development	T169	C1527148
27677165	1163	1166	GDM	T047	C0085207
27677165	1168	1178	risk ratio	T081	C0028873
27677165	1189	1208	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27677165	1210	1212	CI	T081	C0009667
27677165	1235	1248	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27677165	1252	1270	protease inhibitor	T121	C0033607
27677165	1271	1279	exposure	T080	C0332157
27677165	1287	1296	increased	T081	C0205217
27677165	1297	1300	GDM	T047	C0085207
27677165	1304	1311	studies	T062	C2603343
27677165	1318	1354	first-generation protease inhibitors	T121	C0033607
27677165	1356	1366	risk ratio	T081	C0028873
27677165	1377	1379	CI	T081	C0009667
27677165	1396	1403	studies	T062	C2603343
27677165	1424	1442	diagnosis criteria	T170	C0679228
27677165	1448	1485	National Diabetes Data Group criteria	T170	C0679228
27677165	1494	1521	oral glucose tolerance test	T060	C0029161
27677165	1523	1533	risk ratio	T081	C0028873
27677165	1544	1546	CI	T081	C0009667
27677165	1560	1573	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27677165	1581	1595	no significant	T033	C1273937
27677165	1596	1607	association	T080	C0439849
27677165	1616	1630	HIV-positivity	T034	C0019699
27677165	1635	1638	GDM	T047	C0085207
27677165	1640	1652	Significance	T078	C0750502
27677165	1656	1674	protease inhibitor	T121	C0033607
27677165	1675	1678	use	T169	C0457083
27677165	1683	1690	limited	T169	C0439801
27677165	1694	1701	studies	T062	C2603343
27677165	1722	1741	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
27677165	1746	1749	GDM	T047	C0085207
27677165	1751	1758	Results	T033	C0683954
27677165	1763	1770	limited	T169	C0439801
27677165	1774	1786	high risk of	T033	C0332167
27677165	1787	1791	bias	T078	C0242568
27677165	1807	1826	prospective studies	T062	C0033522
27677165	1831	1837	needed	T080	C0027552
27677165	1849	1856	clarify	T052	C2986669
27677165	1862	1874	relationship	T080	C0439849
27677165	1883	1895	consequences	T169	C0686907
27677165	1900	1917	clinical practice	T058	C1254363

27677346|t|Curcumin synergistically increases effects of β-interferon and retinoic acid on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by up-regulation of GRIM-19 through STAT3 - dependent and STAT3 - independent pathways
27677346|a|The study aimed to investigate the effects of combination treatment of curcumin and β-interferon (IFN-β)/ retinoic acid (RA) on breast cancer cells, including cell viability, apoptosis and migration, and to determine the mechanisms related to GRIM-19 through STAT3 - dependent and STAT3 - independent pathways. The following groups were used for the in vitro experiment: control siRNA, GRIM-19 siRNA, IFN-β / RA and IFN-β / RA + curcumin. Cell viability is by the MTT method, cell apoptosis by flow cytometry and cell migration by wound healing experiment; GRIM-19, STAT3, survivin, Bcl-2, GADD153 and COX-2 expression was measured by Western blot. In vivo experiment, MCF-7 cells were subcutaneously injected into nude mice. GRIM-19 siRNA promoted MCF-7 cell proliferation and migration; inhibited cell apoptosis; and promoted the expression of STAT3, survivin, Bcl-2 and MMP-9. IFN-β / RA inhibited cell proliferation and migration; promoted cell apoptosis; up-regulated GRIM-19; and inhibited the expression of STAT3, survivin, Bcl-2 and MMP-9. Combination treatment of curcumin and IFN-β / RA had a stronger effect than that of the IFN-β / RA group. In addition, curcumin and IFN-β / RA combination inhibited the expression of COX-2 and up-regulated GADD153. Curcumin synergistically increases the effects of IFN-β / RA on breast cancer cells. The mechanism may be related to the up-regulation of GRIM-19 through STAT3 - dependent and STAT3 - independent pathways.
27677346	0	8	Curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27677346	9	24	synergistically	T080	C2986495
27677346	25	34	increases	T169	C0442805
27677346	35	42	effects	T080	C1280500
27677346	46	58	β-interferon	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27677346	63	76	retinoic acid	T109,T121	C0035339
27677346	80	99	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27677346	100	108	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27677346	113	120	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27677346	124	137	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27677346	141	148	GRIM-19	T116,T126	C1448171
27677346	157	162	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27677346	165	174	dependent	T080	C1701901
27677346	179	184	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27677346	187	198	independent	T078	C0085862
27677346	199	207	pathways	T044	C0037080
27677346	212	217	study	T062	C2603343
27677346	218	223	aimed	T078	C1947946
27677346	227	238	investigate	T169	C1292732
27677346	243	250	effects	T080	C1280500
27677346	254	275	combination treatment	T061	C0013218
27677346	279	287	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27677346	292	304	β-interferon	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27677346	306	311	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27677346	314	327	retinoic acid	T109,T121	C0035339
27677346	329	331	RA	T109,T121	C0035339
27677346	336	355	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27677346	367	381	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27677346	383	392	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27677346	397	406	migration	T191	C0027627
27677346	415	424	determine	T059	C1148554
27677346	429	439	mechanisms	T044	C0678659
27677346	451	458	GRIM-19	T116,T126	C1448171
27677346	467	472	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27677346	475	484	dependent	T080	C1701901
27677346	489	494	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27677346	497	508	independent	T078	C0085862
27677346	509	517	pathways	T044	C0037080
27677346	533	539	groups	T078	C0441833
27677346	558	566	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27677346	567	577	experiment	T062	C0681814
27677346	579	586	control	T096	C0009932
27677346	587	592	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27677346	594	601	GRIM-19	T028	C1826393
27677346	602	607	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27677346	609	614	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27677346	617	619	RA	T109,T121	C0035339
27677346	624	629	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27677346	632	634	RA	T109,T121	C0035339
27677346	637	645	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27677346	647	661	Cell viability	T043	C0007620
27677346	672	682	MTT method	T062	C2986858
27677346	684	698	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27677346	702	716	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27677346	721	735	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27677346	739	752	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27677346	753	763	experiment	T062	C0681814
27677346	765	772	GRIM-19	T116,T126	C1448171
27677346	774	779	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27677346	781	789	survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27677346	791	796	Bcl-2	T116	C0107696
27677346	798	805	GADD153	T116,T123	C0170521
27677346	810	815	COX-2	T116,T126	C1565860
27677346	816	826	expression	T045	C1171362
27677346	831	839	measured	T080	C0444706
27677346	843	855	Western blot	T059	C0949466
27677346	857	864	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27677346	865	875	experiment	T062	C0681814
27677346	877	888	MCF-7 cells	T025	C0596890
27677346	894	917	subcutaneously injected	T033	C1736929
27677346	923	932	nude mice	T015	C0025932
27677346	934	941	GRIM-19	T028	C1826393
27677346	942	947	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27677346	948	956	promoted	T052	C0033414
27677346	957	967	MCF-7 cell	T025	C0596890
27677346	968	981	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27677346	986	995	migration	T191	C0027627
27677346	997	1006	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27677346	1007	1021	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27677346	1027	1035	promoted	T052	C0033414
27677346	1040	1050	expression	T045	C1171362
27677346	1054	1059	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27677346	1061	1069	survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27677346	1071	1076	Bcl-2	T116	C0107696
27677346	1081	1086	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27677346	1088	1093	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27677346	1096	1098	RA	T109,T121	C0035339
27677346	1099	1108	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27677346	1109	1127	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27677346	1132	1141	migration	T191	C0027627
27677346	1143	1151	promoted	T052	C0033414
27677346	1152	1166	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27677346	1168	1180	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27677346	1181	1188	GRIM-19	T116,T126	C1448171
27677346	1194	1203	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27677346	1208	1218	expression	T045	C1171362
27677346	1222	1227	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27677346	1229	1237	survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27677346	1239	1244	Bcl-2	T116	C0107696
27677346	1249	1254	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27677346	1256	1277	Combination treatment	T061	C0013218
27677346	1281	1289	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27677346	1294	1299	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27677346	1302	1304	RA	T109,T121	C0035339
27677346	1311	1319	stronger	T080	C0442821
27677346	1320	1326	effect	T080	C1280500
27677346	1344	1349	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27677346	1352	1354	RA	T109,T121	C0035339
27677346	1355	1360	group	T078	C0441833
27677346	1375	1383	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27677346	1388	1393	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27677346	1396	1398	RA	T109,T121	C0035339
27677346	1399	1410	combination	T080	C0205195
27677346	1411	1420	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27677346	1425	1435	expression	T045	C1171362
27677346	1439	1444	COX-2	T116,T126	C1565860
27677346	1449	1461	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27677346	1462	1469	GADD153	T116,T123	C0170521
27677346	1471	1479	Curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27677346	1480	1495	synergistically	T080	C2986495
27677346	1496	1505	increases	T169	C0442805
27677346	1510	1517	effects	T080	C1280500
27677346	1521	1526	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27677346	1529	1531	RA	T109,T121	C0035339
27677346	1535	1554	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27677346	1560	1569	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27677346	1592	1605	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27677346	1609	1616	GRIM-19	T116,T126	C1448171
27677346	1625	1630	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27677346	1633	1642	dependent	T080	C1701901
27677346	1647	1652	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27677346	1655	1666	independent	T078	C0085862
27677346	1667	1675	pathways	T044	C0037080

27677368|t|Corn oil intake favorably impacts lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein and lipoprotein particle levels compared with extra-virgin olive oil
27677368|a|Corn oil (CO) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) are rich sources of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), but UFA profiles differ among oils, which may affect lipoprotein levels. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of CO versus EVOO intake on fasting lipoprotein and subfraction cholesterol levels, apolipoprotein (apo) A1, apo B, and low-density lipoprotein particle concentrations in men and women. As part of a weight maintenance diet, men and women were provided with food items prepared with 54 g per day of CO or EVOO (21-day treatment, 21-day washout) in a randomized, double-blind, controlled-feeding, crossover trial. Fasting lipoprotein cholesterol and related variables were determined with density gradient ultracentrifugation. Among the 54 completers, CO reduced total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), apo B and LDL particle concentration to a greater extent compared with EVOO intake. Changes in LDL-C and VLDL-C contributed to the larger reduction in non-HDL-C with CO compared with EVOO intake (-0.39 mmol/l vs -0.04 mmol/l; P<0.001). The larger reduction in LDL-C by CO intake was attributable to changes (P<0.05) caused by CO vs EVOO in large LDL1+2-C (-0.22 mmol/l) and intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.12 mmol/l). HDL-C responses did not differ between treatments, but apo A1 increased more with EVOO compared with CO intake (4.6 versus 0.7 mg/dl, respectively, P=0.016). CO intake reduced atherogenic lipoprotein cholesterol and particle concentrations to a larger extent than did EVOO, which may have implications for cardiovascular disease risk.
27677368	0	15	Corn oil intake	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	16	25	favorably	T080	C3640814
27677368	26	33	impacts	T080	C4049986
27677368	34	57	lipoprotein cholesterol	T116,T123	C0065055
27677368	59	73	apolipoprotein	T059	C0523476
27677368	78	89	lipoprotein	T059	C0523753
27677368	99	105	levels	T080	C0441889
27677368	106	114	compared	T052	C1707455
27677368	120	142	extra-virgin olive oil	T109,T168	C0069449
27677368	143	151	Corn oil	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	153	155	CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	161	183	extra-virgin olive oil	T109,T168	C0069449
27677368	185	189	EVOO	T109,T168	C0069449
27677368	200	210	sources of	T033	C0449416
27677368	211	234	unsaturated fatty acids	T109	C0015690
27677368	236	239	UFA	T109	C0015690
27677368	246	249	UFA	T109	C0015690
27677368	272	276	oils	T109	C0028908
27677368	295	313	lipoprotein levels	T059	C0523753
27677368	319	328	objective	T170	C0018017
27677368	350	356	assess	T058	C0184514
27677368	372	374	CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	382	386	EVOO	T109,T168	C0069449
27677368	397	404	fasting	T033	C0015663
27677368	405	416	lipoprotein	T059	C0523753
27677368	433	451	cholesterol levels	T059	C0201950
27677368	453	476	apolipoprotein (apo) A1	T059	C0853934
27677368	478	483	apo B	T059	C0523509
27677368	489	512	low-density lipoprotein	T059	C0202116
27677368	522	536	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27677368	540	553	men and women	UnknownType	C0682069
27677368	568	591	weight maintenance diet	T061	C0920298
27677368	593	606	men and women	UnknownType	C0682069
27677368	626	636	food items	T168	C0016452
27677368	667	669	CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	673	677	EVOO	T109,T168	C0069449
27677368	686	695	treatment	T169	C1522326
27677368	718	728	randomized	T062	C0034656
27677368	730	742	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27677368	744	762	controlled-feeding	T062	C0015746
27677368	764	779	crossover trial	T062	C0150097
27677368	781	788	Fasting	T033	C0015663
27677368	789	812	lipoprotein cholesterol	T116,T123	C0065055
27677368	840	850	determined	T080	C0521095
27677368	856	892	density gradient ultracentrifugation	T059	C0007704
27677368	919	921	CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	922	929	reduced	T080	C0392756
27677368	930	947	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
27677368	949	984	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T059	C0202117
27677368	986	991	LDL-C	T059	C0202117
27677368	994	1034	very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T059	C0523560
27677368	1036	1042	VLDL-C	T059	C0523560
27677368	1045	1085	non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T059	C1535899
27677368	1087	1096	non-HDL-C	T059	C1535899
27677368	1099	1104	apo B	T059	C0523509
27677368	1109	1112	LDL	T059	C0202116
27677368	1122	1135	concentration	T081	C1446561
27677368	1156	1164	compared	T052	C1707455
27677368	1170	1174	EVOO	T109,T168	C0069449
27677368	1194	1199	LDL-C	T059	C0202117
27677368	1204	1210	VLDL-C	T059	C0523560
27677368	1237	1246	reduction	T080	C0392756
27677368	1250	1259	non-HDL-C	T059	C1535899
27677368	1265	1267	CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	1268	1276	compared	T052	C1707455
27677368	1282	1286	EVOO	T109,T168	C0069449
27677368	1346	1355	reduction	T080	C0392756
27677368	1359	1364	LDL-C	T059	C0202117
27677368	1368	1370	CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	1425	1427	CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	1431	1435	EVOO	T109,T168	C0069449
27677368	1445	1453	LDL1+2-C	T059	C0202116
27677368	1473	1517	intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T059	C0523559
27677368	1534	1539	HDL-C	T059	C0392885
27677368	1573	1583	treatments	T169	C1522326
27677368	1589	1595	apo A1	T059	C0853934
27677368	1596	1605	increased	T081	C0205217
27677368	1616	1620	EVOO	T109,T168	C0069449
27677368	1621	1629	compared	T052	C1707455
27677368	1635	1637	CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	1692	1694	CO	T109,T168	C0010029
27677368	1702	1709	reduced	T080	C0392756
27677368	1710	1733	atherogenic lipoprotein	T033	C1531719
27677368	1722	1745	lipoprotein cholesterol	T116,T123	C0065055
27677368	1759	1773	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27677368	1786	1792	extent	T082	C0439792
27677368	1802	1806	EVOO	T109,T168	C0069449
27677368	1840	1867	cardiovascular disease risk	T033	C0847284

27677398|t|Moorean and Tahitian Partula tree snail survival after a mass extinction: New genomic insights using museum specimens
27677398|a|Natural history museum collections provide a biodiversity window into the past and are of particular importance to the study of extinction -impacted clades such as the Pacific Island tree snail family Partulidae. Deliberate introduction of the predatory rosy wolf snail Euglandina rosea in the late 20th century led to the extinction / extirpation of 55/61 Society Island Partulidae species. In this study, we phylogenomically investigated the inter-relationships of the three surviving Society Island valley Partula species: P. taeniata (Moorea), P. clara and P. hyalina (Tahiti). All three formed a distinct clade in earlier mitochondrial phylogenies. Using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) double digested Restriction Associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq), we found that 46-year-old lyophilized museum specimens produced similar numbers of reads, sequencing depth, and loci as 10-year old ethanol -preserved collections. Phylogenomic trees indicated that Tahitian P. clara and P. hyalina are the result of a single founding lineage from Moorea, contrasting previous mitochondrial results and clarifying the enigmatic taxonomic status of P. c. incrassa. Our study highlights the utility and viability of NGS techniques for museum specimens and their increased resolution of evolutionary patterns. Sampling will be expanded to include the remaining Society Island partulid taxa to further explore the evolutionary history of this radiation.
27677398	0	7	Moorean	T204	C2669649
27677398	12	20	Tahitian	T098	C0241329
27677398	21	28	Partula	T204	C1070068
27677398	29	33	tree	T002	C0040811
27677398	34	39	snail	T204	C0037378
27677398	40	48	survival	T052	C0038952
27677398	57	72	mass extinction	T070	C1720992
27677398	78	85	genomic	T028	C0017428
27677398	101	107	museum	T073	C0026863
27677398	108	117	specimens	T167	C0370003
27677398	118	133	Natural history	T090	C0175860
27677398	134	140	museum	T073	C0026863
27677398	141	152	collections	T170	C0600644
27677398	163	175	biodiversity	T080	C0282469
27677398	246	256	extinction	T070	C1720992
27677398	267	273	clades	T204	C0684063
27677398	286	300	Pacific Island	T083	C0030168
27677398	301	305	tree	T002	C0040811
27677398	306	311	snail	T204	C0037378
27677398	312	329	family Partulidae	T204	C1070152
27677398	362	371	predatory	T054	C0032942
27677398	372	387	rosy wolf snail	T204	C1070027
27677398	388	404	Euglandina rosea	T204	C1070027
27677398	441	451	extinction	T070	C1720992
27677398	454	465	extirpation	T061	C1283069
27677398	475	489	Society Island	T083	C0030168
27677398	490	508	Partulidae species	T204	C1070152
27677398	528	557	phylogenomically investigated	T062	C1519068
27677398	595	604	surviving	T052	C0038952
27677398	605	626	Society Island valley	T083	C0030168
27677398	627	642	Partula species	T204	C1070152
27677398	644	655	P. taeniata	T204	C1091620
27677398	657	663	Moorea	T204	C2669649
27677398	666	674	P. clara	T204	C1095725
27677398	679	689	P. hyalina	T204	C2275538
27677398	691	697	Tahiti	T083	C0039257
27677398	728	733	clade	T204	C0684063
27677398	745	758	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27677398	759	770	phylogenies	T078	C0031797
27677398	778	804	Next Generation Sequencing	T063	C2936622
27677398	806	809	NGS	T063	C2936622
27677398	811	864	double digested Restriction Associated DNA sequencing	T086	C0162326
27677398	866	874	ddRADseq	T086	C0162326
27677398	903	914	lyophilized	T059	C0016698
27677398	915	921	museum	T073	C0026863
27677398	922	931	specimens	T167	C0370003
27677398	967	983	sequencing depth	T169	C1561491
27677398	989	993	loci	T028	C0678933
27677398	1009	1016	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
27677398	1028	1039	collections	T170	C0600644
27677398	1041	1059	Phylogenomic trees	T062	C1519068
27677398	1075	1083	Tahitian	T098	C0241329
27677398	1084	1092	P. clara	T204	C1095725
27677398	1097	1107	P. hyalina	T204	C2275538
27677398	1144	1151	lineage	T077	C1881379
27677398	1157	1163	Moorea	T204	C2669649
27677398	1186	1199	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27677398	1237	1253	taxonomic status	T169	C0008903
27677398	1257	1271	P. c. incrassa	T204	C0684063
27677398	1323	1326	NGS	T063	C2936622
27677398	1327	1337	techniques	T169	C0449851
27677398	1342	1348	museum	T073	C0026863
27677398	1349	1358	specimens	T167	C0370003
27677398	1379	1389	resolution	T077	C2699488
27677398	1393	1414	evolutionary patterns	T045	C0015219
27677398	1416	1424	Sampling	T078	C0870078
27677398	1467	1481	Society Island	T083	C0030168
27677398	1482	1490	partulid	T204	C1070068
27677398	1491	1495	taxa	T169	C0008903
27677398	1519	1539	evolutionary history	T045	C0015219

27677517|t|Protein Design for Nanostructural Engineering: Concluding Remarks and Future Directions
27677517|a|This final chapter aims to summarize the main conclusions of the book and to point to possible directions for further research in the field of protein design for nanostructural engineering. Even though this research field is still at its infancy, multidisciplinary research efforts in the design of synthetic protein -based nanostructures and functional materials have resulted in significant progress. The chapters in this book cover several selected examples of the most recent advances concerning the use of proteins and peptides as building blocks for the fabrication of architectures and functional nanostructures, assemblies, and materials. Here, we provide a general overview of the strategies that can be employed to prepare functional protein -based nanostructures, and nanostructured materials and devices. Finally, we highlight some of the main aspects to be considered by the research community to set the path for the near future developments.
27677517	0	7	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27677517	8	14	Design	T052	C1707689
27677517	19	45	Nanostructural Engineering	T059,T063	C0033629
27677517	58	65	Remarks	T170	C0282411
27677517	99	106	chapter	T170	C0005990
27677517	134	145	conclusions	T170	C1830648
27677517	153	157	book	T170	C0006002
27677517	206	214	research	T062	C0035168
27677517	222	227	field	UnknownType	C0683945
27677517	231	238	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27677517	239	245	design	T052	C1707689
27677517	250	276	nanostructural engineering	T059,T063	C0033629
27677517	295	309	research field	UnknownType	C0683945
27677517	335	352	multidisciplinary	T080	C0205556
27677517	353	369	research efforts	T062	C0035168
27677517	377	383	design	T052	C1707689
27677517	387	404	synthetic protein	T116	C0597552
27677517	412	426	nanostructures	T073	C1450053
27677517	431	441	functional	T169	C0205245
27677517	442	451	materials	T167	C0520510
27677517	481	489	progress	T169	C1272688
27677517	495	503	chapters	T170	C0005990
27677517	512	516	book	T170	C0006002
27677517	540	548	examples	T077	C1707959
27677517	568	576	advances	T079	C3854260
27677517	592	598	use of	T169	C1524063
27677517	599	607	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27677517	612	620	peptides	T116	C0030956
27677517	624	639	building blocks	T077	C1254372
27677517	648	659	fabrication	T067	C1254366
27677517	663	676	architectures	T077	C1254372
27677517	681	691	functional	T169	C0205245
27677517	692	706	nanostructures	T073	C1450053
27677517	708	718	assemblies	T052	C1706853
27677517	724	733	materials	T167	C0520510
27677517	778	788	strategies	T169	C0025664
27677517	813	820	prepare	T052	C1521827
27677517	821	831	functional	T169	C0205245
27677517	832	839	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27677517	847	861	nanostructures	T073	C1450053
27677517	867	891	nanostructured materials	T073	C1450053
27677517	896	903	devices	T073	C0699733
27677517	944	951	aspects	T080	C1879746
27677517	976	984	research	T062	C0035168
27677517	985	994	community	T096	C0009462
27677517	1031	1043	developments	T062	C0035170

27677676|t|Early second-trimester plasma levels of NT-proBNP in women who subsequently develop early-onset preeclampsia
27677676|a|Plasma levels of NT-proBNP are elevated in women with preeclampsia at the time of diagnosis. The objective of this case-control study was to evaluate N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) in maternal plasma as an early second-trimester biomarker for prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. In early second-trimester samples, women who later developed preeclampsia at gestational age 34 wk + 0 or earlier (n = 16) had similar plasma levels of NT-proBNP (median 51.8, range 26.1-131.9 pg/ml) as women with uncomplicated pregnancy outcomes (n = 43) (53.0, 14.9-184.2 pg/ml). The early second-trimester level of NT-proBNP cannot therefore be used as a predictive biomarker of early-onset preeclampsia.
27677676	0	5	Early	T079	C1279919
27677676	6	22	second-trimester	T079	C0032980
27677676	23	29	plasma	T031	C0032105
27677676	30	36	levels	T080	C0441889
27677676	40	49	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27677676	53	58	women	T098	C0033011
27677676	84	95	early-onset	T033	C1833334
27677676	96	108	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27677676	109	115	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27677676	116	122	levels	T080	C0441889
27677676	126	135	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27677676	140	148	elevated	T080	C3163633
27677676	152	157	women	T098	C0033011
27677676	163	175	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27677676	183	187	time	T079	C0040223
27677676	191	200	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27677676	224	242	case-control study	T062	C0007328
27677676	250	258	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27677676	259	276	N-terminal proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27677676	278	287	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27677676	292	300	maternal	T033	C1858460
27677676	301	307	plasma	T031	C0032105
27677676	314	319	early	T079	C1279919
27677676	320	336	second-trimester	T079	C0032980
27677676	337	346	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27677676	351	361	prediction	T078	C0681842
27677676	365	376	early-onset	T033	C1833334
27677676	377	389	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27677676	394	399	early	T079	C1279919
27677676	400	416	second-trimester	T079	C0032980
27677676	417	424	samples	T167	C0370003
27677676	426	431	women	T098	C0033011
27677676	452	464	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
27677676	468	489	gestational age 34 wk	T079	C0233041
27677676	526	532	plasma	T031	C0032105
27677676	533	539	levels	T080	C0441889
27677676	543	552	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27677676	594	599	women	T098	C0033011
27677676	605	618	uncomplicated	T080	C0443334
27677676	619	637	pregnancy outcomes	T033	C0032972
27677676	677	682	early	T079	C1279919
27677676	683	699	second-trimester	T079	C0032980
27677676	700	705	level	T080	C0441889
27677676	709	718	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27677676	749	759	predictive	T080	C0681890
27677676	760	769	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27677676	773	784	early-onset	T033	C1833334
27677676	785	797	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914

27677842|t|Synthesis, characterization and drug loading property of Monomethoxy-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Poly(D,L-lactide) (MPEG-PCLA) copolymers
27677842|a|Amphiphilic block copolymers have attracted a great deal of attention in drug delivery systems. In this work, a series of monomethoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-caprolactone-co-D,L-lactide) (MPEG-PCLA) copolymers with variable composition of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly (D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) were prepared via ring-opening copolymerization of ε-CL and D,L-LA in the presence of MPEG and stannous octoate. The structure and molecular weight were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The crystallinity, hydrophilicity, thermal stability and hydrolytic degradation behavior were investigated in detail, respectively. The results showed that the prepared amphiphilic MPEG-PCLA copolymers have adjustable properties by altering the composition of PCLA, which make it convenient for clinical applications. Besides, the drug loading properties were also studied. Docetaxel (DTX) could be entrapped in MPEG-PCLA micelles with high loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency. And all lyophilized DTX -loaded MPEG-PCLA micelles except MPEG-PCL micelles were readily re-dissolved in normal saline at 25 °C. In addition, DTX -loaded MPEG-PCLA micelles showed a slightly enhanced antitumor activity compared with free DTX. Furthermore, DTX micelles exhibited a slower and sustained release behavior in vitro, and higher DTX concentration and longer retention time in vivo. The results suggested that the MPEG-PCLA copolymer with the adjustable ratio of PCL to PDLLA may be a promising drug delivery carrier for DTX.
27677842	0	9	Synthesis	T052	C1883254
27677842	11	27	characterization	T052	C1880022
27677842	32	36	drug	T121	C1254351
27677842	37	44	loading	T052	C1708715
27677842	45	53	property	T080	C0871161
27677842	57	152	Monomethoxy-Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Poly(D,L-lactide) (MPEG-PCLA) copolymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27677842	153	181	Amphiphilic block copolymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27677842	226	247	drug delivery systems	T074	C0085104
27677842	275	369	monomethoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-caprolactone-co-D,L-lactide) (MPEG-PCLA) copolymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27677842	384	395	composition	T070	C0243176
27677842	399	420	poly (ε-caprolactone)	T109	C0137734
27677842	422	425	PCL	T109	C0137734
27677842	431	449	poly (D,L-lactide)	T122	C0071444
27677842	451	456	PDLLA	T122	C0071444
27677842	476	505	ring-opening copolymerization	T044	C1880180
27677842	509	513	ε-CL	T109	C0908527
27677842	518	524	D,L-LA	T109	C0293984
27677842	544	548	MPEG	T109	C0066763
27677842	553	569	stannous octoate	T109	C0963887
27677842	575	584	structure	T082	C0678594
27677842	589	605	molecular weight	T081	C0026385
27677842	611	624	characterized	T052	C1880022
27677842	628	654	nuclear magnetic resonance	T070	C0028580
27677842	656	659	NMR	T070	C0028580
27677842	665	694	gel permeation chromatography	T059	C0008559
27677842	696	699	GPC	T059	C0008559
27677842	706	719	crystallinity	T104	C0444626
27677842	721	735	hydrophilicity	T080	C0475370
27677842	737	744	thermal	T070	C0018837
27677842	745	754	stability	T080	C0205360
27677842	759	769	hydrolytic	T070	C0020291
27677842	770	790	degradation behavior	T169	C0243125
27677842	871	903	amphiphilic MPEG-PCLA copolymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27677842	920	930	properties	T080	C0871161
27677842	947	958	composition	T070	C0243176
27677842	962	966	PCLA	T109	C1744269
27677842	997	1018	clinical applications	T201	C0683325
27677842	1033	1037	drug	T121	C1254351
27677842	1038	1045	loading	T052	C1708715
27677842	1046	1056	properties	T080	C0871161
27677842	1076	1085	Docetaxel	T109,T121	C0246415
27677842	1087	1090	DTX	T109,T121	C0246415
27677842	1114	1123	MPEG-PCLA	T104,T122	C0032521
27677842	1124	1132	micelles	T109	C0025938
27677842	1138	1142	high	T080	C0205250
27677842	1143	1150	loading	T052	C1708715
27677842	1151	1159	capacity	T081	C1516240
27677842	1164	1177	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
27677842	1178	1188	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27677842	1198	1209	lyophilized	T080	C0205556
27677842	1210	1213	DTX	T109,T121	C0246415
27677842	1222	1231	MPEG-PCLA	T104,T122	C0032521
27677842	1232	1240	micelles	T109	C0025938
27677842	1248	1256	MPEG-PCL	T104,T122	C0032521
27677842	1257	1265	micelles	T109	C0025938
27677842	1279	1291	re-dissolved	T169	C0205245
27677842	1295	1308	normal saline	T121,T197	C0445115
27677842	1332	1335	DTX	T109,T121	C0246415
27677842	1344	1353	MPEG-PCLA	T104,T122	C0032521
27677842	1354	1362	micelles	T109	C0025938
27677842	1381	1389	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27677842	1390	1399	antitumor	T080	C2986475
27677842	1400	1408	activity	T052	C0441655
27677842	1428	1431	DTX	T109,T121	C0246415
27677842	1446	1449	DTX	T109,T121	C0246415
27677842	1450	1458	micelles	T109	C0025938
27677842	1471	1477	slower	T080	C0439834
27677842	1482	1491	sustained	T169	C0443318
27677842	1492	1499	release	T169	C1283071
27677842	1500	1508	behavior	T080	C0871161
27677842	1509	1517	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27677842	1523	1529	higher	T080	C0205250
27677842	1530	1533	DTX	T109,T121	C0246415
27677842	1534	1547	concentration	T081	C1264643
27677842	1559	1573	retention time	T081	C0392762
27677842	1574	1581	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27677842	1614	1633	MPEG-PCLA copolymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27677842	1654	1659	ratio	T081	C0456603
27677842	1663	1666	PCL	T109	C0137734
27677842	1670	1675	PDLLA	T122	C0071444
27677842	1695	1716	drug delivery carrier	T122	C0013161
27677842	1721	1724	DTX	T109,T121	C0246415

27677861|t|Can diaphragmatic ultrasonography performed during the T-tube trial predict weaning failure? The role of diaphragmatic rapid shallow breathing index
27677861|a|The rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI), which is the ratio between respiratory rate (RR) and tidal volume (VT), is one of the most widely used indices to predict weaning outcome. Whereas the diaphragm plays a fundamental role in generating VT, in the case of diaphragmatic dysfunction the inspiratory accessory muscles may contribute. If this occurs during a weaning trial, delayed weaning failure is likely since the accessory muscles are more fatigable than the diaphragm. Hence, we hypothesised that the traditional RSBI could be implemented by substituting VT with the ultrasonographic evaluation of diaphragmatic displacement (DD). We named the new index the diaphragmatic - RSBI (D - RSBI). The aim of this study was to compare the ability of the traditional RSBI and D - RSBI to predict weaning failure in ready-to-wean patients. We performed a prospective observational study. During a T-tube spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) we simultaneously evaluated right hemidiaphragm displacement (i.e., DD) by using M-mode ultrasonography as well as the RSBI. Outcome of the weaning attempt, length of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay, and hospital mortality were recorded. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of D - RSBI and RSBI. We enrolled 51 patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h who were ready to perform a SBT. Most of the patients, 34 (66 %), were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation. When considering the 17 patients that failed the weaning attempt, 11 (64 %) had to be reconnected to the ventilator during the SBT, three (18 %) had to be re-intubated within 48 h of extubation, and three (18 %) required non-invasive ventilation support within 48 h of extubation. The areas under the ROC curves for D - RSBI and RSBI were 0.89 and 0.72, respectively (P = 0.006). D - RSBI (RR / DD) was more accurate than traditional RSBI (RR / VT) in predicting the weaning outcome. Our clinical trial was retrospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02696018). ClinicalTrials.gov processed our record on 25 February 2016.
27677861	4	33	diaphragmatic ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27677861	34	43	performed	T169	C0884358
27677861	44	50	during	T079	C0347984
27677861	55	61	T-tube	T074	C0175731
27677861	62	67	trial	T062	C0008976
27677861	76	91	weaning failure	T037	C1868713
27677861	105	118	diaphragmatic	T023	C0011980
27677861	119	148	rapid shallow breathing index	T201	C0683325
27677861	153	182	rapid shallow breathing index	T201	C0683325
27677861	184	188	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	204	209	ratio	T081	C0456603
27677861	218	234	respiratory rate	T201	C0231832
27677861	236	238	RR	T201	C0231832
27677861	244	256	tidal volume	T034	C0040210
27677861	258	260	VT	T034	C0040210
27677861	289	293	used	T169	C1524063
27677861	313	320	weaning	T061	C1112479
27677861	321	328	outcome	T169	C1274040
27677861	342	351	diaphragm	T023	C0011980
27677861	372	376	role	T077	C1705810
27677861	380	390	generating	T169	C0678227
27677861	391	393	VT	T034	C0040210
27677861	402	406	case	T169	C0868928
27677861	410	435	diaphragmatic dysfunction	T047	C0152097
27677861	440	451	inspiratory	T040	C0004048
27677861	452	469	accessory muscles	T019	C0158784
27677861	474	484	contribute	T052	C1880177
27677861	494	500	occurs	T079	C2745955
27677861	501	507	during	T079	C0347984
27677861	510	517	weaning	T061	C1112479
27677861	518	523	trial	T062	C0008976
27677861	533	548	weaning failure	T037	C1868713
27677861	569	586	accessory muscles	T019	C0158784
27677861	615	624	diaphragm	T023	C0011980
27677861	636	648	hypothesised	T078	C1512571
27677861	658	669	traditional	T080	C0439858
27677861	670	674	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	712	714	VT	T034	C0040210
27677861	724	751	ultrasonographic evaluation	T060	C0041618
27677861	755	781	diaphragmatic displacement	T047	C2062836
27677861	783	785	DD	T047	C2062836
27677861	801	804	new	T080	C0205314
27677861	805	810	index	T170	C0918012
27677861	815	828	diaphragmatic	T023	C0011980
27677861	831	835	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	837	838	D	T023	C0011980
27677861	841	845	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	864	869	study	T062	C2603343
27677861	877	884	compare	T052	C1707455
27677861	904	915	traditional	T080	C0439858
27677861	916	920	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	925	926	D	T023	C0011980
27677861	929	933	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	945	960	weaning failure	T037	C1868713
27677861	964	986	ready-to-wean patients	T101	C0030705
27677861	991	1000	performed	T169	C0884358
27677861	1015	1034	observational study	T062	C1518527
27677861	1036	1042	During	T079	C0347984
27677861	1045	1051	T-tube	T074	C0175731
27677861	1052	1079	spontaneous breathing trial	T061	C1828139
27677861	1081	1084	SBT	T061	C1828139
27677861	1089	1103	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27677861	1114	1146	right hemidiaphragm displacement	T047	C2062836
27677861	1154	1156	DD	T047	C2062836
27677861	1161	1166	using	T169	C1524063
27677861	1167	1189	M-mode ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27677861	1205	1209	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	1211	1218	Outcome	T169	C1274040
27677861	1211	1218	Outcome	T169	C1274040
27677861	1226	1241	weaning attempt	T061	C1112479
27677861	1243	1249	length	T081	C1444754
27677861	1253	1275	mechanical ventilation	T061	C0199470
27677861	1277	1283	length	T081	C1444754
27677861	1287	1306	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27677861	1311	1324	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
27677861	1330	1348	hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
27677861	1354	1362	recorded	T080	C2355580
27677861	1364	1409	Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves	T081	C0035787
27677861	1415	1419	used	T169	C1524063
27677861	1423	1431	evaluate	T081	C0750572
27677861	1436	1455	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
27677861	1459	1460	D	T023	C0011980
27677861	1463	1467	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	1472	1476	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	1493	1501	patients	T101	C0030705
27677861	1512	1534	mechanical ventilation	T061	C0199470
27677861	1539	1548	more than	T081	C0439093
27677861	1549	1553	48 h	T079	C0439227
27677861	1572	1579	perform	T169	C0884358
27677861	1582	1585	SBT	T061	C1828139
27677861	1599	1607	patients	T101	C0030705
27677861	1625	1637	successfully	T080	C1272703
27677861	1638	1644	weaned	T080	C0849355
27677861	1650	1672	mechanical ventilation	T061	C0199470
27677861	1698	1706	patients	T101	C0030705
27677861	1712	1718	failed	T169	C0231175
27677861	1723	1738	weaning attempt	T061	C1112479
27677861	1760	1771	reconnected	T061	C0087111
27677861	1779	1789	ventilator	T074	C0087153
27677861	1790	1796	during	T079	C0347984
27677861	1801	1804	SBT	T061	C1828139
27677861	1829	1841	re-intubated	T061	C0087111
27677861	1857	1867	extubation	T061	C0553891
27677861	1895	1919	non-invasive ventilation	T061	C1997883
27677861	1943	1953	extubation	T061	C0553891
27677861	1959	1964	areas	T082	C0205146
27677861	1975	1985	ROC curves	T081	C0035787
27677861	1990	1991	D	T023	C0011980
27677861	1994	1998	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	2003	2007	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	2054	2055	D	T023	C0011980
27677861	2058	2062	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	2064	2066	RR	T201	C0231832
27677861	2069	2071	DD	T047	C2062836
27677861	2082	2090	accurate	T080	C0443131
27677861	2096	2107	traditional	T080	C0439858
27677861	2108	2112	RSBI	T201	C0683325
27677861	2114	2116	RR	T201	C0231832
27677861	2119	2121	VT	T034	C0040210
27677861	2126	2136	predicting	T078	C0681842
27677861	2141	2148	weaning	T061	C1112479
27677861	2149	2156	outcome	T169	C1274040
27677861	2162	2176	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27677861	2181	2196	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27677861	2197	2207	registered	T058	C1514821
27677861	2213	2231	ClinicalTrials.gov	T170	C4086204

27678020|t|Bending rules: the shape of the perceptual generalisation gradient is sensitive to inference rules
27678020|a|Generalising what is learned about one stimulus to other but perceptually related stimuli is a basic behavioural phenomenon. We evaluated whether a rule learning mechanism may serve to explain such generalisation. To this end, we assessed whether inference rules communicated through verbal instructions affect generalisation. Expectancy ratings, but not valence ratings, proved sensitive to this manipulation. In addition to revealing a role for inference rules in generalisation, our study has clinical implications as well. More specifically, we argue that targeting inference rules might prove to be an effective strategy to affect the excessive generalisation that is often observed in psychopathology.
27678020	0	13	Bending rules	T170	C0870077
27678020	19	24	shape	T082	C0332479
27678020	32	42	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27678020	43	57	generalisation	T041	C0017324
27678020	58	66	gradient	T081	C0812409
27678020	70	79	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27678020	83	98	inference rules	T170	C0870077
27678020	99	111	Generalising	T041	C0017326
27678020	120	127	learned	T041	C0023185
27678020	138	146	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27678020	160	172	perceptually	T041	C0030971
27678020	181	188	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27678020	200	211	behavioural	T053	C0004927
27678020	212	222	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27678020	227	236	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27678020	247	251	rule	T170	C0870077
27678020	252	260	learning	T041	C0023185
27678020	261	270	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27678020	297	311	generalisation	T041	C0017324
27678020	329	337	assessed	T052	C1516048
27678020	346	361	inference rules	T170	C0870077
27678020	362	374	communicated	T033	C0566001
27678020	383	402	verbal instructions	T058	C1254363
27678020	410	424	generalisation	T041	C0017324
27678020	426	436	Expectancy	T078	C0679138
27678020	437	444	ratings	T052	C0871208
27678020	462	469	ratings	T052	C0871208
27678020	478	487	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27678020	496	508	manipulation	T053	C0018578
27678020	537	541	role	T170	C1704326
27678020	546	561	inference rules	T170	C0870077
27678020	565	579	generalisation	T041	C0017324
27678020	585	590	study	T062	C2603343
27678020	595	603	clinical	T080	C0205210
27678020	604	616	implications	T169	C0205245
27678020	659	668	targeting	T169	C1521840
27678020	669	684	inference rules	T170	C0870077
27678020	716	724	strategy	T041	C0679199
27678020	739	748	excessive	T080	C0442802
27678020	749	763	generalisation	T041	C0017324
27678020	790	805	psychopathology	T091	C0033927

27678029|t|Cross-border reproductive care: an Ethics Committee opinion
27678029|a|Cross-border reproductive care (CBRC) is a growing worldwide phenomenon, raising questions about why assisted reproductive technology (ART) patients travel abroad, what harms and benefits may result, and what duties health-care providers may have in advising and treating patients who travel for reproductive services. Cross-border care offers benefits and poses harms to ART stakeholders, including patients, offspring, providers, gamete donors, gestational carriers, and local populations in destination countries. This document replaces the previous document of the same name, last published in 2013 (Fertil Steril 2013;100:645-50).
27678029	0	30	Cross-border reproductive care	T058	C1171216
27678029	35	51	Ethics Committee	T097	C0085546
27678029	52	59	opinion	T041	C0871010
27678029	60	90	Cross-border reproductive care	T058	C1171216
27678029	92	96	CBRC	T058	C1171216
27678029	121	131	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27678029	141	150	questions	T078	C0086264
27678029	161	193	assisted reproductive technology	T061	C0872104
27678029	195	198	ART	T061	C0872104
27678029	200	208	patients	T101	C0030705
27678029	209	222	travel abroad	T033	C0559223
27678029	229	234	harms	T080	C3658342
27678029	239	247	benefits	T081	C0814225
27678029	252	258	result	T169	C1274040
27678029	269	275	duties	T055	C0678341
27678029	276	297	health-care providers	T097	C0018724
27678029	310	318	advising	T052	C1828381
27678029	323	331	treating	T169	C1522326
27678029	332	340	patients	T101	C0030705
27678029	345	351	travel	T033	C0559223
27678029	356	377	reproductive services	T058	C1136000
27678029	379	396	Cross-border care	T058	C1171216
27678029	404	412	benefits	T081	C0814225
27678029	417	422	poses	T078	C0085978
27678029	423	428	harms	T080	C3658342
27678029	432	435	ART	T061	C0872104
27678029	436	448	stakeholders	T098	C0027361
27678029	450	459	including	T052	C2700399
27678029	460	468	patients	T101	C0030705
27678029	470	479	offspring	T099	C0680063
27678029	481	490	providers	T169	C1138603
27678029	492	498	gamete	T025	C2718310
27678029	499	505	donors	T098	C0013018
27678029	507	527	gestational carriers	T099	C0038947
27678029	533	538	local	T082	C0205276
27678029	539	550	populations	T098	C1257890
27678029	554	565	destination	T082	C0805885
27678029	566	575	countries	T083	C0454664
27678029	582	590	document	T170	C1301746
27678029	613	621	document	T170	C1301746

27678044|t|Neuroticism and Fatigue 3 Months After Ischemic Stroke: A Cross-Sectional Study
27678044|a|To examine the relation between neuroticism and fatigue in Chinese patients with stroke. Cross-sectional study. Acute stroke unit. Survivors of ischemic stroke (N=191) recruited from the acute stroke unit between May 1, 2010, and September 1, 2011. Not applicable. The personality trait of neuroticism was measured with the neuroticism subscale of the Chinese version of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The level of fatigue was measured with the Fatigue Assessment Scale. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Barthel Index, and Mini-Mental State Examination were administered to obtain demographic and clinical information. Fatigue severity 3 months after stroke positively correlated with Geriatric Depression Scale and NEO Five-Factor Inventory neuroticism scores and negatively correlated with the Barthel Index score. Neuroticism, independent of depressive symptoms, is a predictor of fatigue severity 3 months after stroke. Interventions such as psychological screening programs are warranted for early detection of patients at high risk of poststroke depression.
27678044	0	11	Neuroticism	T048	C1842981
27678044	16	23	Fatigue	T184	C0015672
27678044	24	32	3 Months	T079	C1442461
27678044	39	54	Ischemic Stroke	T047	C0948008
27678044	58	79	Cross-Sectional Study	T062	C0010362
27678044	83	90	examine	T033	C0332128
27678044	112	123	neuroticism	T048	C1842981
27678044	128	135	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27678044	139	146	Chinese	T083	C0008115
27678044	147	155	patients	T101	C0030705
27678044	161	167	stroke	T047	C0038454
27678044	169	190	Cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27678044	192	197	Acute	T079	C0205178
27678044	198	209	stroke unit	T093	C0587502
27678044	211	220	Survivors	T101	C0206194
27678044	224	239	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27678044	267	272	acute	T079	C0205178
27678044	273	284	stroke unit	T093	C0587502
27678044	349	366	personality trait	T033	C0233849
27678044	370	381	neuroticism	T048	C1842981
27678044	386	394	measured	T080	C0444706
27678044	404	415	neuroticism	T048	C1842981
27678044	416	424	subscale	T081	C0459443
27678044	432	439	Chinese	T083	C0008115
27678044	440	447	version	T170	C0333052
27678044	455	480	NEO Five-Factor Inventory	T060	C0031213
27678044	486	491	level	T080	C0441889
27678044	495	502	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27678044	507	515	measured	T080	C0444706
27678044	525	549	Fatigue Assessment Scale	T170	C2733557
27678044	555	597	National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale	T170	C3472496
27678044	599	625	Geriatric Depression Scale	T170	C0451184
27678044	627	640	Barthel Index	T170	C0451019
27678044	646	675	Mini-Mental State Examination	T060	C0451306
27678044	681	693	administered	T169	C1521801
27678044	704	715	demographic	T090	C0011298
27678044	720	740	clinical information	T170	C2708733
27678044	742	758	Fatigue severity	T170	C3813323
27678044	759	767	3 months	T079	C1442461
27678044	774	780	stroke	T047	C0038454
27678044	792	802	correlated	T080	C1707520
27678044	808	834	Geriatric Depression Scale	T170	C0451184
27678044	839	864	NEO Five-Factor Inventory	T060	C0031213
27678044	865	876	neuroticism	T048	C1842981
27678044	877	883	scores	T081	C0449820
27678044	888	898	negatively	T033	C0205160
27678044	899	909	correlated	T080	C1707520
27678044	919	938	Barthel Index score	T081	C1642833
27678044	940	951	Neuroticism	T048	C1842981
27678044	953	964	independent	T033	C1299583
27678044	968	987	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27678044	1007	1023	fatigue severity	T170	C3813323
27678044	1024	1032	3 months	T079	C1442461
27678044	1039	1045	stroke	T047	C0038454
27678044	1069	1082	psychological	T169	C0205486
27678044	1083	1101	screening programs	T169	C3484370
27678044	1126	1135	detection	T061	C1511790
27678044	1139	1147	patients	T101	C0030705
27678044	1151	1163	high risk of	T033	C0332167
27678044	1164	1185	poststroke depression	T047	C2938940

27678317|t|Thyroid cancer burden in Central and South America
27678317|a|Incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) is rapidly increasing worldwide, but little is known about the TC burden in Central and South America (CSA). We describe the geographic patterns and trends of TC by sex in CSA. We obtained regional - and national-level incidence data from 48 population-based cancer registries in 13 countries and nationwide cancer deaths from the WHO mortality database for 18 countries. We estimated world population age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100,000 person - years. We calculated ASRs by histological subtype. We estimated the annual percentage change (EAPC) to describe time trends. Between CSA countries, TC incidence and mortality rates varied from 8-fold to 12-fold and from 2-fold to 5-fold, respectively. In 2003-2007, the highest TC ASRs in females and males were in Ecuador (16.0 and 3.5, respectively), Brazil (14.4 and 3.4), Costa Rica (12.6 and 2.1) and Colombia (10.7 and 2.5). The highest ASMRs were in Ecuador, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and Panama (0.68-0.91 in females and 0.41-0.48 in males). Papillary TC was the most commonly diagnosed histological subtype, following the same incidence pattern as overall TC. In Argentinean, Brazilian, Chilean and Costa Rican females TC incidence increased by 2.2-17.9% annually, and papillary TC increased by 9.1-15.0% annually, while mortality remained stable between 1997 and 2008. In males, trends in TC were stable. TC occurred more frequently in females than in males. The overall high incidence and low mortality of TC suggest identification of subclinical disease due to improved detection methods.
27678317	0	14	Thyroid cancer	T191	C0007115
27678317	15	21	burden	T081	C1516167
27678317	25	32	Central	T083	C0007674
27678317	37	50	South America	T083	C0037713
27678317	51	60	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27678317	64	78	thyroid cancer	T191	C0007115
27678317	80	82	TC	T191	C0007115
27678317	87	94	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27678317	95	105	increasing	T169	C0442808
27678317	106	115	worldwide	T078	C0043236
27678317	147	149	TC	T191	C0007115
27678317	150	156	burden	T081	C1516167
27678317	160	167	Central	T083	C0007674
27678317	172	185	South America	T083	C0037713
27678317	187	190	CSA	T083	C0002454
27678317	209	228	geographic patterns	T082	C0442527
27678317	233	239	trends	T079	C0040833
27678317	243	245	TC	T191	C0007115
27678317	249	252	sex	T032	C0079399
27678317	256	259	CSA	T083	C0002454
27678317	273	281	regional	UnknownType	C0683928
27678317	288	302	national-level	T082	C0681788
27678317	303	312	incidence	T081	C1708485
27678317	313	317	data	T078	C1511726
27678317	326	360	population-based cancer registries	T170	C1514227
27678317	367	376	countries	T083	C0454664
27678317	392	405	cancer deaths	T081	C1516192
27678317	415	418	WHO	T093	C0043237
27678317	419	428	mortality	T081	C0205848
27678317	429	437	database	T170	C0242356
27678317	445	454	countries	T083	C0454664
27678317	469	474	world	T098	C2700280
27678317	486	518	age-standardized incidence rates	T081	C1706747
27678317	520	524	ASRs	T081	C1706747
27678317	530	562	age-standardized mortality rates	T081	C1706748
27678317	564	569	ASMRs	T081	C1706748
27678317	583	589	person	T098	C0027361
27678317	592	597	years	T079	C0439234
27678317	613	617	ASRs	T081	C1706747
27678317	621	641	histological subtype	T201	C0449574
27678317	646	684	estimated the annual percentage change	T081	C0023732
27678317	686	690	EAPC	T081	C0023732
27678317	704	715	time trends	T079	C0040833
27678317	725	728	CSA	T083	C0002454
27678317	729	738	countries	T083	C0454664
27678317	740	742	TC	T191	C0007115
27678317	743	752	incidence	T081	C1708485
27678317	757	772	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
27678317	862	869	highest	T080	C1522410
27678317	870	872	TC	T191	C0007115
27678317	873	877	ASRs	T081	C1706747
27678317	881	888	females	T032	C0086287
27678317	893	898	males	T032	C0086582
27678317	907	914	Ecuador	T083	C0013593
27678317	945	951	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27678317	968	978	Costa Rica	T083	C0010182
27678317	998	1006	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27678317	1027	1034	highest	T080	C1522410
27678317	1035	1040	ASMRs	T081	C1706748
27678317	1049	1056	Ecuador	T083	C0013593
27678317	1058	1066	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27678317	1068	1074	Mexico	T083	C0025885
27678317	1076	1080	Peru	T083	C0031238
27678317	1085	1091	Panama	T083	C0030266
27678317	1106	1113	females	T032	C0086287
27678317	1131	1136	males	T032	C0086582
27678317	1139	1151	Papillary TC	T191	C0238463
27678317	1174	1183	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27678317	1184	1204	histological subtype	T201	C0449574
27678317	1225	1242	incidence pattern	T081	C1708485
27678317	1254	1256	TC	T191	C0007115
27678317	1261	1272	Argentinean	T098	C0238689
27678317	1274	1283	Brazilian	T033	C0238815
27678317	1285	1292	Chilean	T098	C0239045
27678317	1297	1308	Costa Rican	T098	C0239127
27678317	1309	1316	females	T032	C0086287
27678317	1317	1319	TC	T191	C0007115
27678317	1320	1329	incidence	T081	C1708485
27678317	1330	1339	increased	T081	C0205217
27678317	1353	1361	annually	T079	C0332181
27678317	1367	1379	papillary TC	T191	C0238463
27678317	1380	1389	increased	T081	C0205217
27678317	1403	1411	annually	T079	C0332181
27678317	1419	1428	mortality	T081	C0205848
27678317	1438	1444	stable	T080	C0205360
27678317	1471	1476	males	T032	C0086582
27678317	1478	1484	trends	T079	C0040833
27678317	1488	1490	TC	T191	C0007115
27678317	1496	1502	stable	T080	C0205360
27678317	1504	1506	TC	T191	C0007115
27678317	1507	1515	occurred	T052	C1709305
27678317	1521	1531	frequently	T079	C0332183
27678317	1535	1542	females	T032	C0086287
27678317	1551	1556	males	T032	C0086582
27678317	1562	1569	overall	T080	C1561607
27678317	1570	1574	high	T080	C0205250
27678317	1575	1584	incidence	T081	C1708485
27678317	1589	1592	low	T080	C0205251
27678317	1593	1602	mortality	T081	C0205848
27678317	1606	1608	TC	T191	C0007115
27678317	1609	1616	suggest	T078	C1705535
27678317	1635	1654	subclinical disease	T047	C0277544
27678317	1662	1670	improved	T080	C0332272
27678317	1671	1688	detection methods	T170	C0449335

27679696|t|Histopathological Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Glycyrrhizic Acid as a Radioprotector Against the Development of Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis
27679696|a|Radiotherapy of the thorax often causes lung inflammation leading to fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of glycyrrhizic acid (GLA) could improve the development of lung fibrosis in irradiated animals. Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group A rats received thoracic irradiation. Rats in group B received GLA and irradiation. Group C received GLA and no irradiation. Group D received no GLA and irradiation. GLA was administered at a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight using an intraperitoneal injection one hour before thoracic irradiation. Radiation therapy was delivered on a Cobalt-60 unit using a single fraction of 16 Gy. The animals were sacrificed at 32 weeks following thoracic irradiation. The lungs were dissected and blind histopathological evaluation was performed. Histopathologically, a decrease (statistically not significant) in the thickening of alveolar or bronchial wall, formation of fibrous bands, and superimposed collagen were noted in the animals in group B as compared to the animals in group A. In this experimental study, administration of GLA one hour before thoracic irradiation may be a protective agent against radiation-induced fibrosis in animals and this model could be used in future studies.
27679696	0	17	Histopathological	T169	C0243140
27679696	18	28	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27679696	36	49	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27679696	53	70	Glycyrrhizic Acid	T109,T121	C0061751
27679696	76	90	Radioprotector	T061	C1318473
27679696	103	114	Development	T169	C1527148
27679696	118	149	Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis	T047	C0340126
27679696	150	162	Radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27679696	170	176	thorax	T029	C0817096
27679696	190	207	lung inflammation	T047	C0032285
27679696	219	227	fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27679696	233	236	aim	T078	C1947946
27679696	245	250	study	T062	C2603343
27679696	258	269	investigate	T169	C1292732
27679696	289	306	glycyrrhizic acid	T109,T121	C0061751
27679696	308	311	GLA	T109,T121	C0061751
27679696	331	342	development	T169	C1527148
27679696	346	359	lung fibrosis	T047	C0034069
27679696	363	373	irradiated	T061	C1522449
27679696	374	381	animals	T008	C0003062
27679696	383	394	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27679696	418	424	groups	T078	C0441833
27679696	426	433	Group A	T078	C0441833
27679696	434	438	rats	T015	C0034693
27679696	448	468	thoracic irradiation	T061	C2169121
27679696	470	474	Rats	T015	C0034693
27679696	478	485	group B	T078	C0441833
27679696	495	498	GLA	T109,T121	C0061751
27679696	503	514	irradiation	T061	C1522449
27679696	516	523	Group C	T078	C0441833
27679696	533	536	GLA	T109,T121	C0061751
27679696	544	555	irradiation	T061	C1522449
27679696	557	564	Group D	T078	C0441833
27679696	577	580	GLA	T109,T121	C0061751
27679696	585	596	irradiation	T061	C1522449
27679696	598	601	GLA	T109,T121	C0061751
27679696	606	618	administered	T169	C1521801
27679696	624	628	dose	T081	C0178602
27679696	640	651	body weight	T032	C0005910
27679696	661	686	intraperitoneal injection	T061	C0021493
27679696	703	723	thoracic irradiation	T061	C2169121
27679696	725	742	Radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
27679696	762	771	Cobalt-60	T130,T196	C0303395
27679696	815	822	animals	T008	C0003062
27679696	861	881	thoracic irradiation	T061	C2169121
27679696	887	892	lungs	T023	C0024109
27679696	898	907	dissected	T169	C0205239
27679696	918	935	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27679696	936	946	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27679696	962	981	Histopathologically	T169	C0243140
27679696	985	993	decrease	T081	C0547047
27679696	1033	1043	thickening	T033	C0205400
27679696	1047	1055	alveolar	T023	C0225695
27679696	1059	1073	bronchial wall	T023	C1180039
27679696	1088	1101	fibrous bands	T020	C0334163
27679696	1120	1128	collagen	T116	C0009325
27679696	1147	1154	animals	T008	C0003062
27679696	1158	1165	group B	T078	C0441833
27679696	1185	1192	animals	T008	C0003062
27679696	1196	1203	group A	T078	C0441833
27679696	1213	1231	experimental study	T062	C0681814
27679696	1233	1247	administration	T081	C0001555
27679696	1251	1254	GLA	T109,T121	C0061751
27679696	1271	1291	thoracic irradiation	T061	C2169121
27679696	1301	1317	protective agent	T121	C0033613
27679696	1326	1352	radiation-induced fibrosis	T047	C0340126
27679696	1356	1363	animals	T008	C0003062
27679696	1373	1378	model	T050	C0012644

27680006|t|Hematological, biochemical, and toxicopathic effects of subchronic acetamiprid toxicity in Wistar rats
27680006|a|Acetamiprid is one of the most widely used neonicotinoids. This study investigates toxic effects of repeated oral administration of three doses of acetamiprid (1/20, 1/10, and 1/5 of LD50) during 60 days. For this, male Wistar rats were divided into four different groups. Hematological, biochemical, and toxicopathic effects of acetamiprid were evaluated. According to the results, a significant decrease in the body weight gain at the highest dose 1/5 of LD50 of acetamiprid was noticed. An increase in the relative liver weight was also observed at this dose level. The hematological constituents were affected. A significant decrease in RBC, HGB, and HCT in rats treated with higher doses of acetamiprid (1/10 and 1/5 of LD50) was noted. However, a significant increase in WBC and PLT were observed at the same doses. Furthermore, acetamiprid induced liver toxicity measured by the increased activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphates (ALPs), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) which may be due to the loss of hepatic membrane architecture and hepatocellular damage. In addition, exposure to acetamiprid resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities (p ≤ 0.01) with concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation in rat liver. These findings highlight the subchronic hepatotoxicity of acetamiprid.
27680006	0	13	Hematological	T033	C0243095
27680006	15	26	biochemical	T033	C0243095
27680006	32	52	toxicopathic effects	T033	C0243095
27680006	56	66	subchronic	T080	C4053983
27680006	67	78	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
27680006	79	87	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27680006	91	102	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27680006	103	114	Acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
27680006	146	160	neonicotinoids	T131	C1997222
27680006	173	185	investigates	T169	C1292732
27680006	186	199	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
27680006	212	231	oral administration	T169	C1527415
27680006	241	246	doses	T081	C0178602
27680006	250	261	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
27680006	286	290	LD50	T081	C0023378
27680006	302	306	days	T079	C0439228
27680006	318	322	male	T032	C0086582
27680006	323	334	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27680006	368	374	groups	T078	C0441833
27680006	376	389	Hematological	T033	C0243095
27680006	391	402	biochemical	T033	C0243095
27680006	408	428	toxicopathic effects	T033	C0243095
27680006	432	443	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
27680006	449	458	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27680006	500	508	decrease	T081	C0547047
27680006	516	532	body weight gain	T033	C0043094
27680006	548	552	dose	T081	C0178602
27680006	560	564	LD50	T081	C0023378
27680006	568	579	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
27680006	596	604	increase	T169	C0442805
27680006	621	626	liver	T023	C0023884
27680006	627	633	weight	T081	C0043100
27680006	660	664	dose	T081	C0178602
27680006	665	670	level	T080	C0441889
27680006	676	702	hematological constituents	T167	C0729650
27680006	732	740	decrease	T081	C0547047
27680006	744	747	RBC	T025	C0014792
27680006	749	752	HGB	T116,T123	C0019046
27680006	758	761	HCT	T033	C0518014
27680006	765	769	rats	T015	C0034716
27680006	770	777	treated	T169	C1522326
27680006	790	795	doses	T081	C0178602
27680006	799	810	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
27680006	828	832	LD50	T081	C0023378
27680006	868	876	increase	T169	C0442805
27680006	880	883	WBC	T025	C0023516
27680006	888	891	PLT	T025	C0005821
27680006	918	923	doses	T081	C0178602
27680006	938	949	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
27680006	950	972	induced liver toxicity	T047	C4279912
27680006	989	998	increased	T081	C0205217
27680006	999	1009	activities	T044	C0243102
27680006	1013	1039	aspartate aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0004002
27680006	1041	1044	AST	T116,T126	C0004002
27680006	1047	1071	alanine aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0001899
27680006	1073	1076	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
27680006	1079	1098	alkaline phosphates	T116,T126	C0002059
27680006	1100	1104	ALPs	T116,T126	C0002059
27680006	1111	1132	lactate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0022917
27680006	1134	1137	LDH	T116,T126	C0022917
27680006	1163	1167	loss	T081	C1517945
27680006	1171	1200	hepatic membrane architecture	T026	C2331083
27680006	1205	1226	hepatocellular damage	T046	C0151763
27680006	1241	1252	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27680006	1253	1264	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
27680006	1291	1299	decrease	T081	C0547047
27680006	1307	1313	levels	T080	C0441889
27680006	1317	1337	superoxide dismutase	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
27680006	1342	1350	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
27680006	1351	1361	activities	T044	C0243102
27680006	1378	1389	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27680006	1390	1398	increase	T169	C0442805
27680006	1402	1420	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
27680006	1424	1427	rat	T015	C0034716
27680006	1428	1433	liver	T023	C0023884
27680006	1441	1449	findings	T033	C0243095
27680006	1464	1474	subchronic	T080	C4053983
27680006	1475	1489	hepatotoxicity	T037	C0235378
27680006	1493	1504	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891

27680099|t|Mandibular intraosseous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia: a case report
27680099|a|Mandibular pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia is a rare and generally benign pathology. We report on one of these rare cases. The case history of a 73-year-old white man stated that he had a carcinoma of the oropharynx, which was primarily treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy 4 years prior. As a result of radiotherapy he developed an osteoradionecrosis of his mandible and a consecutive pathological fracture of his left mandibular angle. Subsequent osteosynthesis was performed with a reconstruction plate. When we first saw him, his reconstruction plate was partially exposed with intraoral and extraoral fistulation. The resected bone of his defect-bordering jaw showed the typical pathohistological findings of an intraosseous mandibular pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia. After a first reconstruction attempt with an iliac crest graft failed, definitive reconstruction of his mandible with a microvascular anastomosed fibula graft was achieved. Intraosseous pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia of the mandible is a rare differential diagnosis in maxillofacial surgery. Besides other benign epithelial neoplasms, such as calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, squamous odontogenic tumor, or different forms of ameloblastoma, the far more frequent invasive squamous cell carcinoma needs to be excluded. A misinterpretation of pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia as squamous cell carcinoma must be avoided because it can lead to a massive overtreatment.
27680099	0	10	Mandibular	T023	C0024687
27680099	11	23	intraosseous	T061	C0162590
27680099	24	55	pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia	T046	C0333988
27680099	71	81	Mandibular	T023	C0024687
27680099	82	113	pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia	T046	C0333988
27680099	119	123	rare	T080	C0522498
27680099	138	144	benign	T080	C0205183
27680099	145	154	pathology	T091	C0030664
27680099	182	186	rare	T080	C0522498
27680099	198	210	case history	T170	C0085970
27680099	234	237	man	T032	C0086582
27680099	259	286	carcinoma of the oropharynx	T191	C2349952
27680099	308	320	treated with	T061	C0332293
27680099	321	333	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27680099	338	350	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27680099	381	393	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27680099	410	444	osteoradionecrosis of his mandible	T047	C1290728
27680099	463	484	pathological fracture	T046	C0016663
27680099	492	513	left mandibular angle	T033	C2227484
27680099	526	540	osteosynthesis	T061	C0016642
27680099	562	576	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27680099	577	582	plate	T074	C0005971
27680099	611	625	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27680099	626	631	plate	T074	C0005971
27680099	659	668	intraoral	T082	C0442119
27680099	673	682	extraoral	T082	C0442089
27680099	683	694	fistulation	T190	C0011361
27680099	700	708	resected	T061	C0015252
27680099	738	741	jaw	T023	C0022359
27680099	761	778	pathohistological	T091	C0677043
27680099	779	787	findings	T169	C2607943
27680099	794	806	intraosseous	T061	C0162590
27680099	807	817	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27680099	818	849	pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia	T046	C0333988
27680099	865	879	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27680099	896	907	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
27680099	908	913	graft	T024	C0332835
27680099	914	920	failed	T169	C0231175
27680099	922	963	definitive reconstruction of his mandible	T061	C0185678
27680099	971	1009	microvascular anastomosed fibula graft	T061	C0188192
27680099	1024	1036	Intraosseous	T061	C0162590
27680099	1037	1068	pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia	T046	C0333988
27680099	1076	1084	mandible	T023	C0024687
27680099	1090	1094	rare	T080	C0522498
27680099	1090	1094	rare	T080	C0522498
27680099	1095	1117	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27680099	1121	1142	maxillofacial surgery	T091	C0038908
27680099	1158	1164	benign	T080	C0205183
27680099	1165	1185	epithelial neoplasms	T191	C1368683
27680099	1195	1234	calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor	T191	C0334574
27680099	1236	1262	squamous odontogenic tumor	T191	C1458142
27680099	1286	1299	ameloblastoma	T191	C0002448
27680099	1323	1331	invasive	T080	C0205281
27680099	1332	1355	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
27680099	1401	1432	pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia	T046	C0333988
27680099	1436	1459	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
27680099	1501	1508	massive	T080	C0522501
27680099	1509	1522	overtreatment	T058	C4046039

27680598|t|Sustained delivery of vincristine inside an orthotopic mouse sarcoma model decreases tumor growth
27680598|a|Sarcoma accounts for 20% of solid tumors in children. Surgery has significant morbidity. We hypothesized that delivering chemotherapy directly into tumors through sustained release silk systems could slow tumor growth. Human Ewing sarcoma cells A673 were cultured with vincristine and doxorubicin to determine half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Cells were injected into mouse hind leg to create orthotopic tumors. Tumor volumes were measured using ultrasound. When volume reached >250mm(3,) interventions included: implantation of drug-free silk foam (Control -F), doxorubicin 400μg foam (Dox400 -F), vincristine 50μg foam (Vin50 -F), drug-free silk gel (Control -G), vincristine 50μg gel (Vin50 -G), or single dose intravenous vincristine 50μg (Vin50 -IV). End-point was volume>1000mm(3). Kaplan Meier and ANOVA were used. IC50 for vincristine and doxorubicin was 0.5ng/mL and 200ng/mL, respectively. There was no difference between Dox400 -F [6± 1days to end point (DTEP)] and Control -F (5±1.3 DTEP). Vin50 -F (12.4±3.5 DTEP) had slower growth compared to Control -F (p<0.001), and there was no difference between Vin50 -F and Vin50 -IV (14±0 DTEP). Growth was slowest with Vin50 -G, 28±10.3 DTEP compared to all other treatment groups (p<0.05). Sustained delivery of vincristine inside the sarcoma tumor with silk gel decreased tumor growth. Applying this intratumoral treatment strategy may potentially decrease the extent of surgical excision.
27680598	0	18	Sustained delivery	T122	C1710261
27680598	22	33	vincristine	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	44	54	orthotopic	T082	C0574893
27680598	55	68	mouse sarcoma	T191	C1522023
27680598	75	84	decreases	T081	C0547047
27680598	85	97	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27680598	98	105	Sarcoma	T191	C1261473
27680598	126	138	solid tumors	T191	C0280100
27680598	142	150	children	T100	C0008059
27680598	152	159	Surgery	T061	C0543467
27680598	176	185	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27680598	219	231	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27680598	246	252	tumors	T191	C0027651
27680598	261	278	sustained release	T122	C1710261
27680598	279	283	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27680598	303	315	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27680598	317	322	Human	T016	C0086418
27680598	323	336	Ewing sarcoma	T191	C0553580
27680598	337	347	cells A673	T025	C0334227
27680598	353	361	cultured	T059	C0430400
27680598	367	378	vincristine	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	383	394	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
27680598	408	445	half maximal inhibitory concentration	T081	C0600495
27680598	447	451	IC50	T081	C0600495
27680598	454	459	Cells	T025	C0334227
27680598	479	484	mouse	T015	C0025929
27680598	485	493	hind leg	T023	C1522391
27680598	504	514	orthotopic	T082	C0574893
27680598	515	521	tumors	T191	C0027651
27680598	523	536	Tumor volumes	T081	C0475276
27680598	557	567	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27680598	600	613	interventions	T061	C0184661
27680598	624	636	implantation	T061	C0021107
27680598	640	649	drug-free	UnknownType	C0683584
27680598	650	654	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27680598	661	668	Control	T096	C0009932
27680598	674	685	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
27680598	697	704	(Dox400	T109,T195	C0013089
27680598	710	721	vincristine	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	733	738	Vin50	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	744	753	drug-free	UnknownType	C0683584
27680598	754	758	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27680598	759	762	gel	T167	C1382104
27680598	764	771	Control	T096	C0009932
27680598	777	788	vincristine	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	794	797	gel	T167	C1382104
27680598	799	804	Vin50	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	825	836	intravenous	T082	C0348016
27680598	837	848	vincristine	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	855	860	Vin50	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	867	876	End-point	T080	C2349179
27680598	899	911	Kaplan Meier	T081	C1720943
27680598	916	921	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27680598	933	937	IC50	T081	C0600495
27680598	942	953	vincristine	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	958	969	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
27680598	1043	1049	Dox400	T109,T195	C0013089
27680598	1057	1062	1days	T079	C0439228
27680598	1066	1075	end point	T080	C2349179
27680598	1077	1081	DTEP	T080	C2349179
27680598	1088	1095	Control	T096	C0009932
27680598	1106	1110	DTEP	T080	C2349179
27680598	1113	1118	Vin50	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	1132	1136	DTEP	T080	C2349179
27680598	1142	1155	slower growth	T033	C4086857
27680598	1168	1175	Control	T096	C0009932
27680598	1226	1231	Vin50	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	1239	1244	Vin50	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	1255	1259	DTEP	T080	C2349179
27680598	1262	1280	Growth was slowest	T033	C4086857
27680598	1286	1291	Vin50	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	1304	1308	DTEP	T080	C2349179
27680598	1358	1376	Sustained delivery	T122	C1710261
27680598	1380	1391	vincristine	T109,T121	C0042679
27680598	1403	1410	sarcoma	T191	C1261473
27680598	1411	1416	tumor	T191	C0027651
27680598	1422	1426	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27680598	1427	1430	gel	T167	C1382104
27680598	1431	1440	decreased	T081	C0547047
27680598	1441	1453	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27680598	1469	1491	intratumoral treatment	T061	C1831733
27680598	1517	1525	decrease	T081	C0547047
27680598	1540	1557	surgical excision	T061	C0728940

27680876|t|A Variant in the BACH2 Gene Is Associated With Susceptibility to Autoimmune Addison's Disease in Humans
27680876|a|Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is a rare but highly heritable condition. The BACH2 protein plays a crucial role in T lymphocyte maturation, and allelic variation in its gene has been associated with a number of autoimmune conditions. We aimed to determine whether alleles of the rs3757247 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the BACH2 gene are associated with AAD. This case-control association study was performed in two phases using Taqman chemistry. In the first phase, the rs3757247 SNP was genotyped in 358 UK AAD subjects and 166 local control subjects. Genotype data were also available from 5154 healthy UK controls from the Wellcome Trust (WTCCC2) for comparison. In the second phase, the SNP was genotyped in a validation cohort comprising 317 Norwegian AAD subjects and 365 controls. The frequency of the minor T allele was significantly higher in subjects with AAD from the United Kingdom compared to both the local and WTCCC2 control cohorts (58% vs 45 and 48%, respectively) (local controls, P = 1.1 × 10(-4); odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29-2.18; WTCCC2 controls, P = 1.4 × 10(-6); OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.23-1.69). This finding was replicated in the Norwegian validation cohort (P = .0015; OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.14-1.75). Subgroup analysis showed that this association is present in subjects with both isolated AAD (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.22-1.92) and autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.12-1.69) in the UK cohort, and with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2 in the Norwegian cohort (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.22-2.06). We have demonstrated, for the first time, that allelic variability at the BACH2 locus is associated with susceptibility to AAD. Given its association with multiple autoimmune conditions, BACH2 can be considered a "universal" autoimmune susceptibility locus.
27680876	2	9	Variant	T028	C0678941
27680876	17	27	BACH2 Gene	T028	C1422394
27680876	47	61	Susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27680876	65	93	Autoimmune Addison's Disease	T047	C0271737
27680876	97	103	Humans	T016	C0086418
27680876	104	132	Autoimmune Addison's disease	T047	C0271737
27680876	134	137	AAD	T047	C0271737
27680876	153	179	highly heritable condition	T047	C0019247
27680876	185	198	BACH2 protein	T116,T123	C1453878
27680876	223	246	T lymphocyte maturation	T043	C2246791
27680876	252	269	allelic variation	T033	C1953357
27680876	277	281	gene	T028	C0017337
27680876	291	306	associated with	T080	C0332281
27680876	319	340	autoimmune conditions	T046	C0004368
27680876	372	379	alleles	T028	C0002085
27680876	387	427	rs3757247 single nucleotide polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27680876	429	432	SNP	T086	C0752046
27680876	441	451	BACH2 gene	T028	C1422394
27680876	456	471	associated with	T080	C0332281
27680876	472	475	AAD	T047	C0271737
27680876	482	512	case-control association study	T062	C0007328
27680876	530	540	two phases	T079	C0205390
27680876	547	563	Taqman chemistry	T059	C1510438
27680876	572	583	first phase	T079	C0205390
27680876	589	602	rs3757247 SNP	T086	C0752046
27680876	607	616	genotyped	T032	C0017431
27680876	627	630	AAD	T047	C0271737
27680876	631	639	subjects	T098	C0080105
27680876	654	661	control	T096	C0009932
27680876	662	670	subjects	T098	C0080105
27680876	672	680	Genotype	T032	C0017431
27680876	681	685	data	T078	C1511726
27680876	716	735	healthy UK controls	T080	C2986479
27680876	745	768	Wellcome Trust (WTCCC2)	T062	C0007328
27680876	792	804	second phase	T079	C0205390
27680876	810	813	SNP	T086	C0752046
27680876	818	827	genotyped	T032	C0017431
27680876	833	850	validation cohort	T098	C0599755
27680876	866	875	Norwegian	T098	C0337812
27680876	876	879	AAD	T047	C0271737
27680876	880	888	subjects	T098	C0080105
27680876	897	905	controls	T096	C0009932
27680876	928	942	minor T allele	T028	C0002085
27680876	971	979	subjects	T098	C0080105
27680876	985	988	AAD	T047	C0271737
27680876	998	1012	United Kingdom	T083	C0041700
27680876	1044	1066	WTCCC2 control cohorts	T098	C0599755
27680876	1102	1116	local controls	T096	C0009932
27680876	1136	1146	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27680876	1148	1150	OR	T081	C0028873
27680876	1163	1182	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27680876	1184	1186	CI	T081	C0009667
27680876	1200	1215	WTCCC2 controls	T096	C0009932
27680876	1235	1237	OR	T081	C0028873
27680876	1249	1251	CI	T081	C0009667
27680876	1300	1327	Norwegian validation cohort	T062	C0086027
27680876	1340	1342	OR	T081	C0028873
27680876	1354	1356	CI	T081	C0009667
27680876	1370	1387	Subgroup analysis	T062	C0936012
27680876	1405	1416	association	T033	C0449380
27680876	1431	1439	subjects	T098	C0080105
27680876	1459	1462	AAD	T047	C0271737
27680876	1464	1466	OR	T081	C0028873
27680876	1478	1480	CI	T081	C0009667
27680876	1497	1537	autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2	T047	C0085860
27680876	1539	1541	OR	T081	C0028873
27680876	1553	1555	CI	T081	C0009667
27680876	1575	1584	UK cohort	T098	C0599755
27680876	1595	1635	autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2	T047	C0085860
27680876	1643	1659	Norwegian cohort	T098	C0599755
27680876	1661	1663	OR	T081	C0028873
27680876	1675	1677	CI	T081	C0009667
27680876	1738	1757	allelic variability	T080	C2986469
27680876	1765	1770	BACH2	T028	C1422394
27680876	1771	1776	locus	T082	C1708726
27680876	1780	1795	associated with	T080	C0332281
27680876	1796	1810	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27680876	1814	1817	AAD	T047	C0271737
27680876	1829	1845	association with	T080	C0332281
27680876	1846	1876	multiple autoimmune conditions	T046	C0004368
27680876	1878	1883	BACH2	T028	C1422394
27680876	1904	1941	"universal" autoimmune susceptibility	T033	C0243095
27680876	1942	1947	locus	T082	C1708726

27680974|t|ADHD symptoms in non-treatment seeking young adults: relationship with other forms of impulsivity
27680974|a|Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with various manifestations of impulsivity in adults, including elevated rates of other impulsive disorders, substance use, questionnaire -based impulsivity scores, and inhibitory dysregulation on neurocognitive tests. The relationship between ADHD and all these other forms of impulsivity has yet to be explored within the context of a single comprehensive study. A total of 423 young adults, who gambled ≥5 times in the preceding year, were recruited using media advertisements and undertook detailed assessment including structured psychiatric interview, questionnaires, and neurocognitive tests. Participants with ADHD symptoms were identified using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener (ASRS-V1.1) and were compared to controls using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). ADHD symptoms were found in 20.3% of the sample, but only 7.3% of these subjects had ever received a formal diagnosis. ADHD symptoms were associated with significantly lower quality of life, lower self-esteem, higher emotional dysregulation, higher impulsivity questionnaire scores, more problematic Internet use, greater occurrence of psychiatric disorders, and impaired stop-signal reaction times. Of these variables, stop-signal reaction times and Barratt attentional impulsiveness were the strongest predictors of group classification. ADHD symptoms are common and under-diagnosed in young adults who gamble, and are most strongly linked with certain other types of impulsivity (questionnaire - and cognitive -based measures) and with emotional dysregulation, suggesting that these are each important considerations in understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder, but also potential treatment targets. It is necessary to question whether treatment for adult ADHD could be enhanced by considering self-esteem, emotional reactivity, and impaired inhibitory control as specific treatment targets, in addition to the core diagnostic symptoms of the disorder.
27680974	0	4	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27680974	5	13	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27680974	17	30	non-treatment	T033	C0746919
27680974	39	51	young adults	T100	C0238598
27680974	53	65	relationship	T080	C0439849
27680974	86	97	impulsivity	T055	C0021125
27680974	98	138	Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
27680974	140	144	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27680974	155	170	associated with	T080	C0332281
27680974	179	196	manifestations of	T080	C1280464
27680974	197	208	impulsivity	T055	C0021125
27680974	212	218	adults	T100	C0001675
27680974	230	238	elevated	T080	C3163633
27680974	254	273	impulsive disorders	T048	C0564567
27680974	275	288	substance use	T048	C0237123
27680974	290	303	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27680974	311	322	impulsivity	T055	C0021125
27680974	323	329	scores	T081	C0449820
27680974	335	359	inhibitory dysregulation	T080	C0205556
27680974	363	383	neurocognitive tests	T060	C0872227
27680974	389	401	relationship	T080	C0439849
27680974	410	414	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27680974	444	455	impulsivity	T055	C0021125
27680974	510	529	comprehensive study	T062	C2603343
27680974	546	558	young adults	T100	C0238598
27680974	564	571	gambled	T055	C0016995
27680974	588	602	preceding year	T079	C0439234
27680974	609	618	recruited	T052	C2949735
27680974	625	645	media advertisements	T170	C0949214
27680974	660	668	detailed	T080	C1522508
27680974	669	679	assessment	T058	C0220825
27680974	701	722	psychiatric interview	T061	C1266832
27680974	724	738	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27680974	744	764	neurocognitive tests	T060	C0872227
27680974	766	778	Participants	T098	C0679646
27680974	784	788	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27680974	789	797	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27680974	824	861	Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Screener	T170	C4300311
27680974	863	872	ASRS-V1.1	T170	C4300311
27680974	895	903	controls	T096	C0009932
27680974	910	943	multivariate analysis of variance	UnknownType	C0681926
27680974	945	951	MANOVA	UnknownType	C0681926
27680974	954	958	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27680974	959	967	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27680974	1026	1034	subjects	T098	C0080105
27680974	1055	1071	formal diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27680974	1073	1077	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27680974	1078	1086	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27680974	1092	1107	associated with	T080	C0332281
27680974	1122	1143	lower quality of life	T078	C0034380
27680974	1145	1162	lower self-esteem	T033	C0679136
27680974	1164	1194	higher emotional dysregulation	T080	C0205556
27680974	1203	1214	impulsivity	T055	C0021125
27680974	1215	1228	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27680974	1229	1235	scores	T081	C0449820
27680974	1254	1262	Internet	T073	C0282111
27680974	1263	1266	use	T169	C0457083
27680974	1276	1286	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27680974	1290	1311	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
27680974	1317	1352	impaired stop-signal reaction times	T079	C0034746
27680974	1363	1372	variables	T080	C0439828
27680974	1374	1400	stop-signal reaction times	T079	C0034746
27680974	1405	1438	Barratt attentional impulsiveness	T170	C0282574
27680974	1458	1468	predictors	T078	C2698872
27680974	1478	1492	classification	T185	C0008902
27680974	1494	1498	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27680974	1499	1507	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27680974	1523	1538	under-diagnosed	T033	C0560182
27680974	1542	1554	young adults	T100	C0238598
27680974	1559	1565	gamble	T055	C0016995
27680974	1624	1635	impulsivity	T055	C0021125
27680974	1637	1650	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27680974	1657	1666	cognitive	T169	C1516691
27680974	1674	1682	measures	T081	C0079809
27680974	1693	1716	emotional dysregulation	T080	C0205556
27680974	1759	1773	considerations	T033	C0518609
27680974	1795	1810	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27680974	1818	1826	disorder	T047	C0012634
27680974	1837	1846	potential	T080	C3245505
27680974	1847	1856	treatment	T061	C0087111
27680974	1902	1911	treatment	T061	C0087111
27680974	1916	1921	adult	T100	C0001675
27680974	1922	1926	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27680974	1936	1944	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27680974	1960	1971	self-esteem	T041	C0036597
27680974	1973	1993	emotional reactivity	T169	C0443286
27680974	1999	2026	impaired inhibitory control	T080	C0205556
27680974	2039	2048	treatment	T061	C0087111
27680974	2082	2092	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27680974	2093	2101	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27680974	2109	2117	disorder	T047	C0012634

27681017|t|Study of the liquid-film-forming apparatus as an alternative aeration system: design criteria and operating condition
27681017|a|Aeration is an important factor in aquaculture systems because it is a vital condition for all organisms that live in water and respire aerobically. Generally, mechanical surface aerators are widely used in Thailand due to their advantage for increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) and for their horizontal mixing of aquaculture ponds with large surface areas. However, these systems still have some drawbacks, primarily the low oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE) and energy. Regarding this issue, alternative aeration systems should be studied and applied. Therefore, this research aims to study the aeration mechanism obtained by the diffused-air aeration combined with a liquid-film-forming apparatus (LFFA). The effect of gas flow rates, types, and patterns of aerator installation were investigated in an aquaculture pond of 10 m × 10 m × 1.5 m. The analytical parameters were volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa), OTE, and aeration efficiency (AE). From the results, the '4-D' with partitions was proposed as the suitable pattern for the LFFA installation. The advantage could be obtained from high energy performance with 1.2 kg/kW h of AE. Then, the operation conditions can be applied as a design guideline for this alternative aeration system in the aquaculture ponds.
27681017	0	5	Study	T062	C2603343
27681017	13	42	liquid-film-forming apparatus	T122	C3153039
27681017	49	60	alternative	T077	C1523987
27681017	61	69	aeration	T061	C2215609
27681017	70	76	system	T169	C0449913
27681017	78	84	design	T052	C1707689
27681017	85	93	criteria	T078	C0243161
27681017	98	107	operating	T169	C3242339
27681017	108	117	condition	T080	C0348080
27681017	118	126	Aeration	T061	C2215609
27681017	143	149	factor	T169	C1521761
27681017	153	164	aquaculture	T057	C0206225
27681017	165	172	systems	T169	C0449913
27681017	189	194	vital	T080	C0442732
27681017	195	204	condition	T080	C0348080
27681017	213	222	organisms	T001	C0029235
27681017	228	232	live	T080	C1548795
27681017	236	241	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27681017	254	265	aerobically	T080	C1510824
27681017	278	305	mechanical surface aerators	T073	C3843913
27681017	310	321	widely used	T033	C1273517
27681017	325	333	Thailand	T083	C0039725
27681017	361	371	increasing	T081	C0205217
27681017	372	388	dissolved oxygen	T081	C0392762
27681017	390	392	DO	T081	C0392762
27681017	408	418	horizontal	T082	C0205126
27681017	419	425	mixing	T169	C0205430
27681017	429	446	aquaculture ponds	T073	C4052715
27681017	452	457	large	T081	C0549177
27681017	458	471	surface areas	T081	C0392762
27681017	488	495	systems	T169	C0449913
27681017	512	521	drawbacks	T033	C0243095
27681017	537	540	low	T080	C0205251
27681017	541	567	oxygen transfer efficiency	T081	C0392762
27681017	569	572	OTE	T081	C0392762
27681017	578	584	energy	T081	C1442080
27681017	608	619	alternative	T077	C1523987
27681017	620	628	aeration	T061	C2215609
27681017	629	636	systems	T169	C0449913
27681017	647	654	studied	T062	C2603343
27681017	684	692	research	T062	C0035168
27681017	701	706	study	T062	C2603343
27681017	711	719	aeration	T061	C2215609
27681017	720	729	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27681017	730	738	obtained	T169	C1301820
27681017	746	758	diffused-air	T080	C0205556
27681017	759	767	aeration	T061	C2215609
27681017	768	776	combined	T080	C0205195
27681017	784	813	liquid-film-forming apparatus	T122	C3153039
27681017	815	819	LFFA	T122	C3153039
27681017	826	832	effect	T080	C1280500
27681017	836	850	gas flow rates	T034	C0231993
27681017	863	871	patterns	T082	C0449774
27681017	875	882	aerator	T073	C3843913
27681017	901	913	investigated	T169	C1292732
27681017	920	936	aquaculture pond	T073	C4052715
27681017	965	975	analytical	T090	C0007998
27681017	976	986	parameters	T077	C0549193
27681017	992	1002	volumetric	T082	C0445383
27681017	1003	1028	mass transfer coefficient	T033	C0429658
27681017	1036	1039	OTE	T081	C0392762
27681017	1045	1053	aeration	T061	C2215609
27681017	1054	1064	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27681017	1066	1068	AE	T081	C0013682
27681017	1080	1087	results	T034	C0456984
27681017	1144	1151	pattern	T082	C0449774
27681017	1160	1164	LFFA	T122	C3153039
27681017	1202	1210	obtained	T169	C1301820
27681017	1216	1220	high	T080	C0205250
27681017	1221	1227	energy	T081	C1442080
27681017	1228	1239	performance	T052	C1882330
27681017	1260	1262	AE	T081	C0013682
27681017	1274	1283	operation	T169	C3242339
27681017	1284	1294	conditions	T080	C0348080
27681017	1302	1309	applied	T169	C4048755
27681017	1315	1321	design	T052	C1707689
27681017	1322	1331	guideline	T170	C0162791
27681017	1341	1352	alternative	T077	C1523987
27681017	1353	1361	aeration	T061	C2215609
27681017	1362	1368	system	T169	C0449913
27681017	1376	1393	aquaculture ponds	T073	C4052715

27681182|t|Evolutionary History and Ongoing Transmission of Phylogenetic Sublineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Genotype in China
27681182|a|Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype originated in China and has undergone a dramatic population growth and global spread in the last century. Here, a collection of M. tuberculosis Beijing family isolates from different provinces across all China was genotyped by high-resolution (24-MIRU-VNTR) and low-resolution, high-rank (modern and ancient sublineages) markers. The molecular profiles and global and local phylogenies were compared to the strain phenotype and patient data. The phylogeographic patterns observed in the studied collection demonstrate that large-scale (but not middle/small-scale) distance remains one of the decisive factors of the genetic divergence of M. tuberculosis populations. Analysis of diversity and network topology of the local collections appears to corroborate a recent intriguing hypothesis about Beijing genotype originating in South China. Placing our results within the Eurasian context suggested that important Russian B0/W148 and Asian / Russian A0/94-32 epidemic clones of the Beijing genotype could trace their origins to the northeastern and northwestern regions of China, respectively. The higher clustering of the modern isolates in children and lack of increased MDR rate in any sublineage suggest that not association with drug resistance but other (e.g., speculatively, virulence -related) properties underlie an enhanced dissemination of the evolutionarily recent, modern sublineage of the Beijing genotype in China.
27681182	0	12	Evolutionary	T045	C0015219
27681182	13	20	History	T077	C1705255
27681182	33	45	Transmission	T070	C1521797
27681182	49	61	Phylogenetic	UnknownType	C0683236
27681182	62	73	Sublineages	T077	C1881379
27681182	77	103	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27681182	104	111	Beijing	T083	C4042832
27681182	112	120	Genotype	T032	C0017431
27681182	124	129	China	T083	C0008115
27681182	130	156	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27681182	157	164	Beijing	T083	C4042832
27681182	165	173	genotype	T032	C0017431
27681182	188	193	China	T083	C0008115
27681182	223	240	population growth	T081	C0032671
27681182	245	251	global	T080	C2348867
27681182	252	258	spread	T080	C0332261
27681182	288	298	collection	T059	C0200345
27681182	302	317	M. tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27681182	318	325	Beijing	T083	C4042832
27681182	326	332	family	T077	C1704727
27681182	333	341	isolates	T123	C1764827
27681182	357	366	provinces	T083	C0017446
27681182	378	383	China	T083	C0008115
27681182	388	397	genotyped	T032	C0017431
27681182	401	416	high-resolution	T045	C0017393
27681182	418	430	24-MIRU-VNTR	T063	C2827986
27681182	436	450	low-resolution	T045	C0017393
27681182	452	461	high-rank	T045	C0017393
27681182	463	493	modern and ancient sublineages	T077	C1881379
27681182	495	502	markers	T045	C0017393
27681182	508	526	molecular profiles	T169	C1704864
27681182	531	537	global	T080	C2348867
27681182	542	547	local	T082	C0205276
27681182	548	559	phylogenies	T078	C0031797
27681182	581	587	strain	T001	C1518614
27681182	588	597	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27681182	602	614	patient data	T170	C2707520
27681182	620	644	phylogeographic patterns	T080	C1519069
27681182	645	653	observed	T169	C1441672
27681182	661	668	studied	T059	C0947630
27681182	669	679	collection	T059	C0200345
27681182	697	746	large-scale (but not middle/small-scale) distance	T081	C0012751
27681182	766	774	decisive	UnknownType	C0679167
27681182	775	782	factors	T169	C1521761
27681182	790	808	genetic divergence	T045	C0917892
27681182	812	839	M. tuberculosis populations	T007	C0026926
27681182	841	849	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27681182	853	862	diversity	T080	C1880371
27681182	867	883	network topology	T078	C1254370
27681182	891	896	local	T082	C0205276
27681182	897	908	collections	T059	C0200345
27681182	952	962	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27681182	969	976	Beijing	T083	C4042832
27681182	977	985	genotype	T032	C0017431
27681182	986	997	originating	T079	C0439659
27681182	1001	1012	South China	T083	C0008115
27681182	1026	1033	results	T033	C0683954
27681182	1045	1053	Eurasian	T083	C0017446
27681182	1054	1061	context	T078	C0449255
27681182	1087	1094	Russian	T083	C0035970
27681182	1095	1102	B0/W148	T025	C0009013
27681182	1107	1112	Asian	T083	C0003980
27681182	1115	1122	Russian	T083	C0035970
27681182	1123	1131	A0/94-32	T025	C0009013
27681182	1132	1140	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27681182	1141	1147	clones	T025	C0009013
27681182	1155	1162	Beijing	T083	C4042832
27681182	1163	1171	genotype	T032	C0017431
27681182	1190	1197	origins	T079	C0439659
27681182	1205	1217	northeastern	T083	C0008115
27681182	1222	1242	northwestern regions	T083	C0008115
27681182	1246	1251	China	T083	C0008115
27681182	1278	1288	clustering	T062	C0242481
27681182	1303	1311	isolates	T123	C1764827
27681182	1315	1323	children	T100	C0008059
27681182	1328	1332	lack	T080	C0332268
27681182	1336	1345	increased	T081	C0205217
27681182	1346	1354	MDR rate	T047	C0206526
27681182	1362	1372	sublineage	T077	C1881379
27681182	1407	1422	drug resistance	T032	C0013205
27681182	1440	1453	speculatively	T078	C0871935
27681182	1455	1464	virulence	T038	C0042765
27681182	1475	1485	properties	T080	C0871161
27681182	1507	1520	dissemination	UnknownType	C0681808
27681182	1528	1542	evolutionarily	T045	C0015219
27681182	1558	1568	sublineage	T077	C1881379
27681182	1576	1583	Beijing	T083	C4042832
27681182	1584	1592	genotype	T032	C0017431
27681182	1596	1601	China	T083	C0008115

27681567|t|Spinal load in nurses during emergency lifting of obese patients: preliminary results
27681567|a|Nurses are exposed to the risk of injury while handling patients. This is particularly true for obese patients. The goal of this paper is to estimate the spinal loads and the related risk of injury to nurses while lifting obese patients from the floor with a bariatric sheet during a hospital emergency. Six male nurses participated in this study. The biomechanical analysis focused on the lifting strategy. Thirty obese in-patients were enrolled to take part in the experimental study and divided into three groups according to their Body Mass Index (BMI). Three-dimensional motion analysis was conducted using an optoelectronic system. The trunk kinematics and the loading on the spines of the operating nurses were computed. Our data showed that when the nurse was operating from the central handle, his trunk was more flexed at the end of the lift with a reduced range of motion. The values were higher when the nurse lifted patients with higher BMIs. All kinetic parameters and tension in the lumbar muscles at the end of the movement were characterised by lower values for the nurse placed beside the patient's head or feet if compared to the operator positioned beside the central handle in all patient groups. Our preliminary data suggest that only the reaction load on the spine of the nurse holding the central handle, closest to the patient's centre of mass, seems to exceed the recommended safety limits.
27681567	0	6	Spinal	T023	C0037949
27681567	7	11	load	T032	C1318107
27681567	15	21	nurses	T097	C0028661
27681567	29	38	emergency	T067	C0013956
27681567	39	46	lifting	T052	C0206244
27681567	50	55	obese	T047	C0028754
27681567	56	64	patients	T101	C0030705
27681567	66	85	preliminary results	T078	C1548161
27681567	86	92	Nurses	T097	C0028661
27681567	112	116	risk	T078	C0035647
27681567	120	126	injury	T037	C3263722
27681567	133	141	handling	T033	C1832073
27681567	142	150	patients	T101	C0030705
27681567	182	187	obese	T047	C0028754
27681567	188	196	patients	T101	C0030705
27681567	202	206	goal	T170	C0018017
27681567	227	235	estimate	T081	C0750572
27681567	240	246	spinal	T023	C0037949
27681567	247	252	loads	T032	C1318107
27681567	269	273	risk	T078	C0035647
27681567	277	283	injury	T037	C3263722
27681567	287	293	nurses	T097	C0028661
27681567	300	307	lifting	T052	C0206244
27681567	308	313	obese	T047	C0028754
27681567	314	322	patients	T101	C0030705
27681567	332	337	floor	T073	C0016249
27681567	345	360	bariatric sheet	T074	C0183235
27681567	370	378	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27681567	379	388	emergency	T067	C0013956
27681567	394	398	male	T032	C0086582
27681567	399	405	nurses	T097	C0028661
27681567	427	432	study	T062	C2603343
27681567	438	460	biomechanical analysis	T060	C0430022
27681567	476	483	lifting	T052	C0206244
27681567	501	506	obese	T047	C0028754
27681567	507	518	in-patients	T101	C0021562
27681567	553	571	experimental study	T062	C0681814
27681567	595	601	groups	T078	C0441833
27681567	621	636	Body Mass Index	T201	C1305855
27681567	638	641	BMI	T201	C1305855
27681567	644	677	Three-dimensional motion analysis	T060	C0430022
27681567	701	722	optoelectronic system	T074	C0025080
27681567	728	733	trunk	T029	C0460005
27681567	734	744	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27681567	753	760	loading	T032	C1318107
27681567	768	774	spines	T023	C0037949
27681567	792	798	nurses	T097	C0028661
27681567	804	812	computed	T059	C1441526
27681567	818	822	data	T078	C1511726
27681567	844	849	nurse	T097	C0028661
27681567	893	898	trunk	T029	C0460005
27681567	908	914	flexed	T042	C0231452
27681567	933	937	lift	T052	C0206244
27681567	945	952	reduced	T080	C0392756
27681567	953	968	range of motion	T201	C2607871
27681567	974	980	values	T081	C1522609
27681567	986	992	higher	T080	C0205250
27681567	1002	1007	nurse	T097	C0028661
27681567	1015	1023	patients	T101	C0030705
27681567	1029	1035	higher	T080	C0205250
27681567	1036	1040	BMIs	T201	C1305855
27681567	1046	1064	kinetic parameters	T081	C1706312
27681567	1069	1076	tension	T042	C0026841
27681567	1084	1098	lumbar muscles	T023	C0224323
27681567	1117	1125	movement	T040	C0026649
27681567	1148	1153	lower	T080	C0205251
27681567	1154	1160	values	T081	C1522609
27681567	1169	1174	nurse	T097	C0028661
27681567	1193	1202	patient's	T101	C0030705
27681567	1203	1207	head	T029	C0018670
27681567	1211	1215	feet	T023	C0016504
27681567	1288	1302	patient groups	T101	C0030705
27681567	1320	1324	data	T078	C1511726
27681567	1356	1360	load	T032	C1318107
27681567	1368	1373	spine	T023	C0037949
27681567	1381	1386	nurse	T097	C0028661
27681567	1430	1439	patient's	T101	C0030705
27681567	1476	1487	recommended	T078	C0034866
27681567	1488	1494	safety	T068	C0036043
27681567	1495	1501	limits	T169	C0439801

27681813|t|Clinical comparison of oral administration and viscosupplementation of hyaluronic acid (HA) in early knee osteoarthritis
27681813|a|Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, chronic and degenerative joint disease characterized by a loss of articular cartilage. Treatment of OA is largely palliative based on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids and injections of steroids. Regarding conservative treatment, intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) can play a role in early symptomatic knee OA. Between August 2015 and September 2015, sixty patients (32 males and 28 females) between 40 and 70 years old were randomly allocated into two groups: Half were treated with three weekly intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid 1.6 % (group A), while the others were treated with Syalox 300 Plus(®) (hyaluronic acid 300 mg + Boswellia serrata extract 100 mg) 1 tab / die for 20 days and afterward Syalox 150(®) (hyaluronic acid 150 mg) 1 tab / die for other 20 days (group B). All patients were evaluated clinically with American Knee Society Score (AKSS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for the pain before the treatment and after 3 months. AKSS of the patients in both groups was significantly increased by the treatment, and VAS score was significantly reduced. In both groups, two subgroups were created with patients older than 60 years and patients younger than 60 years. Better results are reported in younger patients of group A and older subjects in group B. Despite several limitations, the results of the study have shown that HA injection and oral administration may have beneficial therapeutic effects on patients with early osteoarthritis. Different outcomes in younger and older subject suggested a combined therapy first with local infiltrations and then with oral composition.
27681813	0	19	Clinical comparison	T058	C0949168
27681813	23	42	oral administration	T061	C0001563
27681813	47	67	viscosupplementation	T061	C2350507
27681813	71	86	hyaluronic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0020196
27681813	88	90	HA	T109,T121,T123	C0020196
27681813	101	120	knee osteoarthritis	T047	C0409959
27681813	121	135	Osteoarthritis	T047	C0029408
27681813	137	139	OA	T047	C0029408
27681813	146	157	progressive	T169	C0205329
27681813	159	166	chronic	T079	C0205191
27681813	171	197	degenerative joint disease	T047	C0029408
27681813	217	221	loss	T081	C1517945
27681813	225	244	articular cartilage	T024	C0007303
27681813	246	255	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27681813	259	261	OA	T047	C0029408
27681813	273	283	palliative	T080	C1285530
27681813	293	329	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	T121	C0003211
27681813	331	338	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27681813	343	365	injections of steroids	T061	C1261311
27681813	377	399	conservative treatment	T061	C0459914
27681813	401	427	intra-articular injections	T061	C0021488
27681813	431	446	hyaluronic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0020196
27681813	448	450	HA	T109,T121,T123	C0020196
27681813	489	496	knee OA	T047	C0409959
27681813	544	552	patients	T101	C0030705
27681813	557	562	males	T032	C0086582
27681813	570	577	females	T032	C0086287
27681813	597	602	years	T079	C0439234
27681813	603	606	old	T079	C0580836
27681813	640	646	groups	T078	C0441833
27681813	658	670	treated with	T061	C0332293
27681813	684	710	intra-articular injections	T061	C0021488
27681813	714	729	hyaluronic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0020196
27681813	737	744	group A	T185	C0441835
27681813	769	781	treated with	T061	C0332293
27681813	782	800	Syalox 300 Plus(®)	T091	C0025118
27681813	802	817	hyaluronic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0020196
27681813	827	852	Boswellia serrata extract	T121	C1712544
27681813	863	866	tab	T122	C0039225
27681813	869	872	die	T079	C0439228
27681813	880	884	days	T079	C0439228
27681813	899	912	Syalox 150(®)	T091	C0025118
27681813	914	929	hyaluronic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0020196
27681813	940	943	tab	T122	C0039225
27681813	946	949	die	T079	C0439228
27681813	963	967	days	T079	C0439228
27681813	969	976	group B	T185	C0441836
27681813	983	991	patients	T101	C0030705
27681813	1007	1017	clinically	T080	C0205210
27681813	1023	1050	American Knee Society Score	T081	C0449820
27681813	1052	1056	AKSS	T081	C0449820
27681813	1062	1083	visual analogue scale	T060	C3536884
27681813	1085	1088	VAS	T060	C3536884
27681813	1098	1102	pain	T184	C0030193
27681813	1114	1123	treatment	T061	C0087111
27681813	1134	1142	3 months	T079	C1442461
27681813	1144	1148	AKSS	T081	C0449820
27681813	1156	1164	patients	T101	C0030705
27681813	1173	1179	groups	T078	C0441833
27681813	1198	1207	increased	T081	C0205217
27681813	1215	1224	treatment	T061	C0087111
27681813	1230	1233	VAS	T060	C3536884
27681813	1234	1239	score	T081	C0449820
27681813	1258	1265	reduced	T080	C0392756
27681813	1275	1281	groups	T078	C0441833
27681813	1287	1296	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27681813	1315	1323	patients	T101	C0030705
27681813	1324	1343	older than 60 years	T033	C4062446
27681813	1348	1356	patients	T101	C0030705
27681813	1357	1364	younger	T079	C0332239
27681813	1373	1378	years	T079	C0439234
27681813	1411	1418	younger	T079	C0332239
27681813	1419	1427	patients	T101	C0030705
27681813	1431	1438	group A	T185	C0441835
27681813	1443	1448	older	T098	C0001792
27681813	1461	1468	group B	T185	C0441836
27681813	1518	1523	study	T062	C2603343
27681813	1540	1542	HA	T109,T121,T123	C0020196
27681813	1543	1552	injection	T122	C1272883
27681813	1557	1576	oral administration	T061	C0001563
27681813	1597	1616	therapeutic effects	T201	C1527144
27681813	1620	1628	patients	T101	C0030705
27681813	1640	1654	osteoarthritis	T047	C0029408
27681813	1678	1685	younger	T079	C0332239
27681813	1690	1695	older	T098	C0001792
27681813	1725	1732	therapy	T061	C0087111
27681813	1750	1763	infiltrations	T061	C0702249
27681813	1778	1782	oral	T030	C0226896
27681813	1783	1794	composition	T201	C0486616

27682141|t|KAP Surveys and Dengue Control in Colombia: Disentangling the Effect of Sociodemographic Factors Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis
27682141|a|During the last few decades, several studies have analyzed and described knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of populations regarding dengue. However, few studies have applied geometric data analytic techniques to generate indices from KAP domains. Results of such analyses have not been used to determine the potential effects of sociodemographic variables on the levels of KAP. The objective was to determine the sociodemographic factors related to different levels of KAP regarding dengue in two hyper-endemic cities of Colombia, using a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) technique. In the context of a cluster randomized trial, 3,998 households were surveyed in Arauca and Armenia between 2012 and 2013. To generate KAP indexes, we performed a MCA followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis to classify each score in different groups. A quantile regression for each of the score groups was conducted. KAP indexes explained 56.1%, 79.7%, and 83.2% of the variance, with means of 4.2, 1.4, and 3.2 and values that ranged from 1 to 7, 7 and 11, respectively. The highest values of the index denoted higher levels of knowledge and practices. The attitudes index did not show the same relationship and was excluded from the analysis. In the quantile regression, age (0.06; IC: 0.03, 0.09), years of education (0.14; IC: 0.06, 0.22), and history of dengue in the family (0.21; IC: 0.12, 0.31) were positively related to lower levels of knowledge regarding dengue. The effect of such factors gradually decreased or disappeared when knowledge was higher. The practices indexes did not evidence a correlation with sociodemographic variables. These results suggest that the transformation of categorical variables into a single index by the use of MCA is possible when analyzing knowledge and practices regarding dengue from KAP questionnaires. Additionally, the magnitude of the effect of socioeconomic variables on the knowledge scores varies according to the levels of knowledge, suggesting that other factors might be influencing higher levels of knowledge.
27682141	0	3	KAP	T041	C0025361
27682141	4	11	Surveys	T170	C0038951
27682141	16	22	Dengue	T047	C0011311
27682141	23	30	Control	T061	C0920467
27682141	34	42	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27682141	44	57	Disentangling	T169	C0205245
27682141	62	68	Effect	T080	C1280500
27682141	72	96	Sociodemographic Factors	T078	C0011292
27682141	103	135	Multiple Correspondence Analysis	T062	C0936012
27682141	147	163	last few decades	T081	C2981279
27682141	165	172	several	T081	C0443302
27682141	173	180	studies	T062	C0681814
27682141	186	194	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27682141	199	208	described	T078	C1552738
27682141	209	218	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27682141	220	229	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27682141	235	244	practices	T041	C0032893
27682141	246	249	KAP	T041	C0025361
27682141	254	265	populations	T098	C1257890
27682141	276	282	dengue	T047	C0011311
27682141	293	296	few	T081	C0205388
27682141	297	304	studies	T062	C0681814
27682141	310	317	applied	T169	C4048755
27682141	318	352	geometric data analytic techniques	T169	C0449851
27682141	365	372	indices	T170	C0918012
27682141	378	381	KAP	T041	C0025361
27682141	382	389	domains	T169	C1880389
27682141	391	398	Results	T033	C0683954
27682141	407	415	analyses	T062	C0936012
27682141	452	461	potential	T080	C3245505
27682141	462	472	effects of	T080	C1704420
27682141	473	499	sociodemographic variables	T102	C0683970
27682141	507	513	levels	T080	C0441889
27682141	517	520	KAP	T041	C0025361
27682141	526	535	objective	T170	C0018017
27682141	557	581	sociodemographic factors	T078	C0011292
27682141	582	589	related	T080	C0439849
27682141	593	602	different	T080	C1705242
27682141	603	609	levels	T080	C0441889
27682141	613	616	KAP	T041	C0025361
27682141	627	633	dengue	T047	C0011311
27682141	641	661	hyper-endemic cities	T083	C0008848
27682141	665	673	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27682141	683	715	multiple correspondence analysis	T062	C0936012
27682141	717	720	MCA	T062	C0936012
27682141	722	731	technique	T169	C0449851
27682141	740	747	context	T078	C0449255
27682141	753	760	cluster	T081	C1704332
27682141	761	777	randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27682141	785	795	households	T099	C0020052
27682141	801	809	surveyed	T170	C0038951
27682141	813	819	Arauca	T083	C0017446
27682141	824	831	Armenia	T083	C0003798
27682141	858	866	generate	T052	C3146294
27682141	867	870	KAP	T041	C0025361
27682141	871	878	indexes	T170	C0600653
27682141	883	892	performed	T169	C0884358
27682141	895	898	MCA	T062	C0936012
27682141	899	910	followed by	T079	C0332283
27682141	913	942	hierarchical cluster analysis	T062	C1881045
27682141	946	954	classify	T185	C0008902
27682141	960	965	score	T081	C0449820
27682141	969	985	different groups	T078	C0441833
27682141	989	997	quantile	T081	C1709792
27682141	998	1008	regression	T081	C0023733
27682141	1025	1030	score	T081	C0449820
27682141	1031	1037	groups	T078	C0441833
27682141	1053	1056	KAP	T041	C0025361
27682141	1057	1064	indexes	T170	C0600653
27682141	1106	1114	variance	T080	C1711260
27682141	1121	1126	means	T081	C0444504
27682141	1152	1158	values	T080	C0042295
27682141	1164	1170	ranged	T081	C1514721
27682141	1212	1219	highest	T080	C1522410
27682141	1220	1226	values	T080	C0042295
27682141	1234	1239	index	T170	C0918012
27682141	1248	1254	higher	T080	C0205250
27682141	1255	1261	levels	T080	C0441889
27682141	1265	1274	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27682141	1279	1288	practices	T041	C0032893
27682141	1294	1309	attitudes index	T170	C0918012
27682141	1327	1331	same	T080	C0445247
27682141	1332	1344	relationship	T080	C0439849
27682141	1353	1361	excluded	T052	C2828389
27682141	1371	1379	analysis	T062	C0936012
27682141	1388	1396	quantile	T081	C1709792
27682141	1397	1407	regression	T081	C0023733
27682141	1409	1412	age	T032	C0001779
27682141	1437	1455	years of education	T081	C4054327
27682141	1484	1491	history	T033	C0683519
27682141	1495	1501	dengue	T047	C0011311
27682141	1509	1515	family	T099	C0015576
27682141	1544	1554	positively	T033	C0243095
27682141	1555	1562	related	T080	C0439849
27682141	1566	1571	lower	T082	C0441994
27682141	1572	1578	levels	T080	C0441889
27682141	1582	1591	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27682141	1602	1608	dengue	T047	C0011311
27682141	1614	1620	effect	T080	C1280500
27682141	1629	1636	factors	T169	C1521761
27682141	1637	1646	gradually	T080	C0439833
27682141	1647	1656	decreased	T081	C0205216
27682141	1660	1671	disappeared	T033	C0243095
27682141	1677	1686	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27682141	1691	1697	higher	T080	C0205250
27682141	1703	1712	practices	T041	C0032893
27682141	1713	1720	indexes	T170	C0600653
27682141	1729	1737	evidence	T078	C3887511
27682141	1740	1751	correlation	T080	C1707520
27682141	1757	1783	sociodemographic variables	T102	C0683970
27682141	1791	1798	results	T033	C0683954
27682141	1799	1806	suggest	T078	C1705535
27682141	1816	1830	transformation	T062	C1705163
27682141	1834	1855	categorical variables	T080	C0439828
27682141	1863	1875	single index	T170	C0918012
27682141	1883	1889	use of	T169	C1524063
27682141	1890	1893	MCA	T062	C0936012
27682141	1897	1905	possible	T033	C0332149
27682141	1911	1920	analyzing	T169	C1524024
27682141	1921	1930	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27682141	1935	1944	practices	T041	C0032893
27682141	1955	1961	dengue	T047	C0011311
27682141	1967	1970	KAP	T041	C0025361
27682141	1971	1985	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27682141	2005	2014	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27682141	2022	2028	effect	T080	C1280500
27682141	2032	2055	socioeconomic variables	T080	C0439828
27682141	2063	2072	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27682141	2073	2079	scores	T081	C0449820
27682141	2104	2110	levels	T080	C0441889
27682141	2114	2123	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27682141	2125	2135	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27682141	2147	2154	factors	T169	C1521761
27682141	2164	2175	influencing	T077	C4054723
27682141	2176	2182	higher	T080	C0205250
27682141	2183	2189	levels	T080	C0441889
27682141	2193	2202	knowledge	T170	C0376554

27682280|t|Avulsions of Triceps Brachii: associated injuries and surgical treatment; a case series
27682280|a|This study reports the clinical presentations, intra -operative findings, type of the treatments, outcome of the treatment and specially associated injuries in patients with the avulsion of the distal end of the triceps brachii (TB) tendon. We studied 6 patients with rupture or avulsion of the distal end of the TB tendon. The medical records, imaging files, clinical outcomes at the final follow up visit were reviewed. The clinical outcomes were assessed by Mayo Elbow Score at the final follow-up visit. All patients were male, 4 of them having injury in the left hand as the non-dominant hand. Mean age of them was 34.5 years. All cases had small bony fleck in the posterior of elbow in lateral radiograph. Three patients had associated injuries -including intra-articular fractures and medial collateral ligament rupture. In one case V-Y plasty of the distal TB was done. In 4 patients the results of surgery were excellent, one was good and one was fair. Although TB tendon rupture is rare, it should be -considered in differential diagnosis of the upper -extremity trauma and its associated injuries should be addressed properly.
27682280	0	9	Avulsions	T037	C0262386
27682280	13	28	Triceps Brachii	T023	C0559502
27682280	41	49	injuries	T037	C3263722
27682280	54	72	surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
27682280	93	98	study	T062	C2603343
27682280	111	133	clinical presentations	T170	C2708283
27682280	135	151	intra -operative	T079	C0456904
27682280	152	160	findings	T033	C0243095
27682280	174	184	treatments	T061	C0087111
27682280	186	193	outcome	T169	C1274040
27682280	201	210	treatment	T061	C0087111
27682280	236	244	injuries	T037	C3263722
27682280	248	256	patients	T101	C0030705
27682280	266	274	avulsion	T037	C0262386
27682280	282	292	distal end	T082	C0205108
27682280	300	327	triceps brachii (TB) tendon	T023	C0448542
27682280	342	350	patients	T101	C0030705
27682280	356	363	rupture	T037	C3203359
27682280	367	375	avulsion	T037	C0262386
27682280	383	393	distal end	T082	C0205108
27682280	401	410	TB tendon	T023	C0448542
27682280	416	431	medical records	T170	C0025102
27682280	433	446	imaging files	T170	C0242193
27682280	448	456	clinical	T080	C0205210
27682280	457	465	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27682280	479	494	follow up visit	T058	C0589121
27682280	514	522	clinical	T080	C0205210
27682280	523	531	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27682280	549	565	Mayo Elbow Score	T170	C0282574
27682280	579	594	follow-up visit	T058	C0589121
27682280	600	608	patients	T101	C0030705
27682280	614	618	male	T032	C0086582
27682280	637	643	injury	T037	C3263722
27682280	651	660	left hand	T023	C0230371
27682280	681	685	hand	T023	C0018563
27682280	692	695	age	T032	C0001779
27682280	713	718	years	T079	C0439234
27682280	740	744	bony	T169	C0443157
27682280	745	750	fleck	T037	C0009938
27682280	771	776	elbow	T029	C0013769
27682280	780	798	lateral radiograph	T060	C0202571
27682280	806	814	patients	T101	C0030705
27682280	830	838	injuries	T037	C3263722
27682280	850	865	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
27682280	866	875	fractures	T037	C0016658
27682280	880	914	medial collateral ligament rupture	T037	C0840716
27682280	928	938	V-Y plasty	T061	C0087111
27682280	946	952	distal	T082	C0205108
27682280	953	955	TB	T023	C0559502
27682280	971	979	patients	T101	C0030705
27682280	995	1002	surgery	T061	C0543467
27682280	1059	1068	TB tendon	T023	C0448542
27682280	1069	1076	rupture	T037	C3203359
27682280	1127	1136	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27682280	1144	1167	upper -extremity trauma	UnknownType	C0749817
27682280	1187	1195	injuries	T037	C3263722

27682293|t|Analysis of soft-tissue complications of volar plate fixation for managing distal radius fractures and clinical effect while preserving pronator quadratus
27682293|a|The aim of the study was to analysis soft-tissue complications of volar plate fixation and it's prevention strategies along with exploring clinical effects of preserving pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle. From February 2011 to February 2013, sixty-five patients with distal radius fracture underwent open reduction and internal fixation with the volar locking palmar plates. The group with preserving PQ involved 30 patients and group with PQ repair involved 35 patients. Surgeons must took great care of not -letting drill pierce dorsal cortical bone rapidly and dorsal carpal tangential fluoroscopy was also taken in addition to lateral fluoroscopy to get accurate screw length. Volar plate must be placed not go beyond the watershed region of distal radius. The wrist pain, forearm range of motion, grip strength, wrist functional recovery score, X-ray and CT imaging were followed-up after surgery. Two groups were compared for Clinical efficacy. The minimum follow-up for the whole cohort was one year. The relevant post operative data were collected after 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 and 12 month respectively. Fractures healing after postoperative 3 months are significant in X -ray and CT imaging. Fixation position and stability were good, but each group had one case with a screw piercing the dorsal cortical. The - differences between the two groups were significant regarding the wrist pain, forearm range of motion, grip and strength at 2 and 6 weeks after operation, but not significant at 3 and 12 month after operation. The differences between the two groups were also significant regarding wrist functional scores at 6 weeks, but not significant at 3 and 12 month after operation. Drilling the dorsal cortical bone gently and accurate screws length can avoid extensor tendon injury. - Dorsal carpal tangential fluoroscopy is a useful supplement for accurate screws length besides lateral fluoroscopy. Volar plate's position not go beyond the watershed region of distal radius is the key factor in reducing the flexor tendon injury and preservation of the PQ muscle can also prevent the flexor tendon -injury, yield better early wrist function and shorten rehabilitation time.
27682293	0	8	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27682293	12	37	soft-tissue complications	T046	C1393537
27682293	41	52	volar plate	T023	C1720969
27682293	53	61	fixation	T061	C0407295
27682293	75	98	distal radius fractures	T037	C0748233
27682293	103	111	clinical	T080	C0205210
27682293	112	118	effect	T080	C1280500
27682293	125	135	preserving	T169	C0728887
27682293	136	154	pronator quadratus	T023	C0224263
27682293	159	162	aim	T078	C1947946
27682293	170	175	study	T062	C0008972
27682293	183	191	analysis	T062	C0936012
27682293	192	217	soft-tissue complications	T046	C1393537
27682293	221	232	volar plate	T023	C1720969
27682293	233	241	fixation	T061	C0407295
27682293	251	272	prevention strategies	T170	C0679716
27682293	294	302	clinical	T080	C0205210
27682293	303	310	effects	T080	C1280500
27682293	314	324	preserving	T169	C0728887
27682293	325	355	pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle	T023	C0224263
27682293	405	413	patients	T101	C0030705
27682293	419	441	distal radius fracture	T037	C0748233
27682293	452	466	open reduction	T061	C0185373
27682293	471	488	internal fixation	T061	C0016642
27682293	498	503	volar	T029	C0443349
27682293	504	511	locking	T033	C0547000
27682293	512	525	palmar plates	T023	C1720969
27682293	531	536	group	T098	C1257890
27682293	542	552	preserving	T169	C0728887
27682293	553	555	PQ	T023	C0224263
27682293	568	576	patients	T101	C0030705
27682293	581	586	group	T098	C1257890
27682293	592	594	PQ	T023	C0224263
27682293	595	601	repair	T061	C0374711
27682293	614	622	patients	T101	C0030705
27682293	624	632	Surgeons	T097	C0582175
27682293	670	675	drill	T061	C0337279
27682293	676	682	pierce	T061	C0935563
27682293	683	689	dorsal	T082	C0205095
27682293	690	703	cortical bone	T023	C0222652
27682293	716	722	dorsal	T082	C0205095
27682293	723	729	carpal	T023	C0007285
27682293	730	752	tangential fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
27682293	783	802	lateral fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
27682293	819	824	screw	T074	C0301559
27682293	825	831	length	T081	C1444754
27682293	833	844	Volar plate	T023	C1720969
27682293	878	894	watershed region	T029	C0005898
27682293	898	911	distal radius	T023	C0588207
27682293	917	927	wrist pain	T184	C0221785
27682293	929	952	forearm range of motion	T033	C2230414
27682293	954	967	grip strength	T033	C0518032
27682293	969	1000	wrist functional recovery score	T081	C0449820
27682293	1002	1022	X-ray and CT imaging	T060	C0040405
27682293	1028	1039	followed-up	T058	C1522577
27682293	1046	1053	surgery	T061	C0543467
27682293	1059	1065	groups	T098	C0599755
27682293	1084	1101	Clinical efficacy	T080	C3850123
27682293	1107	1114	minimum	T080	C1524031
27682293	1115	1124	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27682293	1139	1145	cohort	T098	C0599755
27682293	1150	1158	one year	T079	C4082117
27682293	1173	1187	post operative	T079	C0032790
27682293	1188	1192	data	T078	C1511726
27682293	1216	1221	weeks	T079	C0439230
27682293	1225	1230	weeks	T079	C0439230
27682293	1241	1246	month	T079	C0439231
27682293	1261	1278	Fractures healing	T042	C0162542
27682293	1285	1298	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27682293	1301	1307	months	T079	C0439231
27682293	1312	1323	significant	T078	C0750502
27682293	1327	1348	X -ray and CT imaging	T060	C0040405
27682293	1350	1358	Fixation	T061	C0407295
27682293	1359	1367	position	T082	C0733755
27682293	1372	1381	stability	T042	C0231432
27682293	1402	1407	group	T098	C0599755
27682293	1428	1433	screw	T074	C0301559
27682293	1434	1442	piercing	T061	C0935563
27682293	1447	1453	dorsal	T082	C0205095
27682293	1454	1462	cortical	T023	C0222652
27682293	1470	1481	differences	T081	C1705241
27682293	1498	1504	groups	T098	C0599755
27682293	1510	1521	significant	T078	C0750502
27682293	1536	1546	wrist pain	T184	C0221785
27682293	1548	1571	forearm range of motion	T033	C2230414
27682293	1573	1577	grip	T060	C1293900
27682293	1582	1590	strength	T081	C0242959
27682293	1602	1607	weeks	T079	C0439230
27682293	1614	1623	operation	T061	C0543467
27682293	1633	1644	significant	T078	C0750502
27682293	1657	1662	month	T079	C0439231
27682293	1669	1678	operation	T061	C0543467
27682293	1712	1718	groups	T098	C0599755
27682293	1729	1740	significant	T078	C0750502
27682293	1751	1774	wrist functional scores	T081	C0449820
27682293	1780	1785	weeks	T079	C0439230
27682293	1795	1806	significant	T078	C0750502
27682293	1819	1824	month	T079	C0439231
27682293	1831	1840	operation	T061	C0543467
27682293	1842	1850	Drilling	T061	C0337279
27682293	1855	1861	dorsal	T082	C0205095
27682293	1862	1875	cortical bone	T023	C0222652
27682293	1896	1902	screws	T074	C0301559
27682293	1903	1909	length	T081	C1444754
27682293	1920	1942	extensor tendon injury	T037	C2711334
27682293	1946	1952	Dorsal	T082	C0205095
27682293	1953	1959	carpal	T023	C0007285
27682293	1960	1982	tangential fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
27682293	2019	2025	screws	T074	C0301559
27682293	2026	2032	length	T081	C1444754
27682293	2041	2060	lateral fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
27682293	2062	2075	Volar plate's	T023	C1720969
27682293	2076	2084	position	T082	C0733755
27682293	2103	2119	watershed region	T029	C0005898
27682293	2123	2136	distal radius	T023	C0588207
27682293	2148	2154	factor	T169	C1521761
27682293	2158	2166	reducing	T080	C0392756
27682293	2171	2191	flexor tendon injury	T037	C2585689
27682293	2196	2208	preservation	T169	C0728887
27682293	2216	2225	PQ muscle	T023	C0224263
27682293	2235	2242	prevent	T061	C0199176
27682293	2247	2268	flexor tendon -injury	T037	C2585689
27682293	2289	2294	wrist	T029	C0043262
27682293	2295	2303	function	T169	C0542341
27682293	2316	2330	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27682293	2331	2335	time	T079	C0040223

27683067|t|Assessment of the interaction of Portland cement-based materials with blood and tissue fluids using an animal model
27683067|a|Portland cement used in the construction industry improves its properties when wet. Since most dental materials are used in a moist environment, Portland cement has been developed for use in dentistry. The first generation material is mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), used in surgical procedures, thus in contact with blood. The aim of this study was to compare the setting of MTA in vitro and in vivo in contact with blood by subcutaneous implantation in rats. The tissue reaction to the material was also investigated. ProRoot MTA (Dentsply) was implanted in the subcutaneous tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats in opposite flanks and left in situ for 3 months. Furthermore the material was also stored in physiological solution in vitro. At the end of the incubation time, tissue histology and material characterization were performed. Surface assessment showed the formation of calcium carbonate for both environments. The bismuth was evident in the tissues thus showing heavy element contamination of the animal specimen. The tissue histology showed a chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate associated with the MTA. MTA interacts with the host tissues and causes a chronic inflammatory reaction when implanted subcutaneously. Hydration in vivo proceeds similarly to the in vitro model with some differences particularly in the bismuth oxide leaching patterns.
27683067	0	29	Assessment of the interaction	T081	C0237688
27683067	33	64	Portland cement-based materials	T122	C1175041
27683067	70	75	blood	T031	C0005767
27683067	80	93	tissue fluids	UnknownType	C0682553
27683067	103	115	animal model	T008	C0599779
27683067	116	131	Portland cement	T122	C1175041
27683067	144	165	construction industry	T090	C0682031
27683067	166	174	improves	T033	C0184511
27683067	195	198	wet	T080	C0205381
27683067	211	227	dental materials	T122	C0011379
27683067	242	259	moist environment	T080	C0205381
27683067	261	276	Portland cement	T122	C1175041
27683067	307	316	dentistry	T091	C0011438
27683067	322	347	first generation material	T122	C0011379
27683067	351	377	mineral trioxide aggregate	T122	C0253527
27683067	379	382	MTA	T122	C0253527
27683067	393	412	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
27683067	435	440	blood	T031	C0005767
27683067	458	463	study	T062	C2603343
27683067	494	497	MTA	T122	C0253527
27683067	498	506	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27683067	511	518	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27683067	535	540	blood	T031	C0005767
27683067	544	569	subcutaneous implantation	T169	C1553218
27683067	573	577	rats	T015	C0682511
27683067	583	614	tissue reaction to the material	T033	C1708386
27683067	638	649	ProRoot MTA	T109,T122	C0112984
27683067	651	659	Dentsply	T109,T122	C0112984
27683067	665	674	implanted	T061	C0021107
27683067	682	702	subcutaneous tissues	T024	C0278403
27683067	706	725	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
27683067	729	744	opposite flanks	T029	C0230171
27683067	754	761	in situ	T082	C0444498
27683067	768	774	months	T079	C0439231
27683067	792	800	material	T122	C0011379
27683067	820	842	physiological solution	T122	C0776637
27683067	843	851	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27683067	871	886	incubation time	T033	C1320226
27683067	888	894	tissue	T024	C0040300
27683067	895	904	histology	T059	C0344441
27683067	909	934	material characterization	T052	C1880022
27683067	951	969	Surface assessment	T058	C0031809
27683067	981	990	formation	T169	C1522492
27683067	994	1011	calcium carbonate	T121,T197	C0006681
27683067	1021	1033	environments	T082	C0014406
27683067	1039	1046	bismuth	T121	C2917658
27683067	1066	1073	tissues	T024	C0040300
27683067	1079	1114	showing heavy element contamination	T033	C1393812
27683067	1122	1128	animal	T008	C0003062
27683067	1129	1137	specimen	T167	C0370003
27683067	1143	1149	tissue	T024	C0040300
27683067	1150	1159	histology	T059	C0344441
27683067	1169	1176	chronic	T079	C0205191
27683067	1177	1205	inflammatory cell infiltrate	T031	C0541629
27683067	1226	1229	MTA	T122	C0253527
27683067	1231	1234	MTA	T122	C0253527
27683067	1254	1258	host	T001	C1167395
27683067	1259	1266	tissues	T024	C0040300
27683067	1280	1309	chronic inflammatory reaction	T046	C0021376
27683067	1315	1339	implanted subcutaneously	T169	C1553218
27683067	1341	1350	Hydration	T067	C0596317
27683067	1351	1358	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27683067	1385	1393	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27683067	1394	1399	model	T075	C0026336
27683067	1442	1455	bismuth oxide	T121,T197	C0053786
27683067	1456	1473	leaching patterns	T167	C1534704

27683158|t|Low calcium and vitamin D intake in Korean women over 50 years of age
27683158|a|Inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake is a possible risk factor of osteoporosis. Our purposes were to estimate calcium and vitamin D intake in Korean women, and to determine associated risk factors for low calcium and vitamin D intake. This is a multicenter, hospital-based, and cross-sectional study on osteoporosis. In this study, 1516 women of 50 years or older were involved. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake were evaluated using the self-reporting KCAT questionnaire. Average daily calcium intake was 662.8 ± 473.8 mg, and vitamin D intake 9.5 ± 10.7 μg. In multivariate analysis, older age (OR 1.02, 95 % CI 1.00-1.04, p = 0.001), and rural residence (OR 2.43, 95 % CI 1.34-4.43, p = 0.004) were significant risk factors for lower calcium intake, and older age (OR 1.03, 95 % CI 1.02-1.04, p < 0.001), and rural residence (OR 1.85, 95 % CI 1.10-3.11, p < 0.001) were significant risk factors for lower vitamin D intake. About 70 % of women aged 50 years or older had calcium and vitamin D intake below the recommended dietary intake. Older age and rural residence were significant risk factors for lower calcium and vitamin D intake in Korean women.
27683158	0	3	Low	T080	C0205251
27683158	4	11	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27683158	16	25	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27683158	26	32	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	36	42	Korean	T098	C1556095
27683158	43	48	women	T098	C0043210
27683158	57	62	years	T079	C0439234
27683158	66	69	age	T032	C0001779
27683158	70	80	Inadequate	T080	C0205412
27683158	81	88	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27683158	93	102	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27683158	103	109	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	124	135	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27683158	139	151	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
27683158	174	182	estimate	T081	C0750572
27683158	183	190	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27683158	195	204	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27683158	205	211	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	215	221	Korean	T098	C1556095
27683158	222	227	women	T098	C0043210
27683158	257	269	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27683158	274	277	low	T080	C0205251
27683158	278	285	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27683158	290	299	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27683158	300	306	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	318	329	multicenter	T062	C1096776
27683158	331	345	hospital-based	T073,T093	C0019994
27683158	351	372	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27683158	376	388	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
27683158	398	403	study	T062	C2603343
27683158	410	415	women	T098	C0043210
27683158	422	427	years	T079	C0439234
27683158	431	436	older	T098	C1999167
27683158	452	467	Dietary calcium	T197	C0006726
27683158	472	481	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27683158	482	488	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	494	503	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27683158	514	528	self-reporting	T062	C2700446
27683158	529	547	KCAT questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27683158	557	562	daily	T079	C0332173
27683158	563	570	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27683158	571	577	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	604	613	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27683158	614	620	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	639	660	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27683158	662	671	older age	T098	C1999167
27683158	673	675	OR	T081	C0028873
27683158	687	689	CI	T081	C0009667
27683158	717	722	rural	T033	C0240919
27683158	723	732	residence	T082	C0237096
27683158	734	736	OR	T081	C0028873
27683158	748	750	CI	T081	C0009667
27683158	778	789	significant	T078	C0750502
27683158	790	802	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27683158	807	812	lower	T080	C0205251
27683158	813	820	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27683158	821	827	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	833	842	older age	T098	C1999167
27683158	844	846	OR	T081	C0028873
27683158	858	860	CI	T081	C0009667
27683158	888	893	rural	T033	C0240919
27683158	894	903	residence	T082	C0237096
27683158	905	907	OR	T081	C0028873
27683158	919	921	CI	T081	C0009667
27683158	949	960	significant	T078	C0750502
27683158	961	973	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27683158	978	983	lower	T080	C0205251
27683158	984	993	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27683158	994	1000	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	1016	1021	women	T098	C0043210
27683158	1022	1026	aged	T032	C0001779
27683158	1030	1035	years	T079	C0439234
27683158	1039	1044	older	T098	C1999167
27683158	1049	1056	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27683158	1061	1070	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27683158	1071	1077	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	1088	1099	recommended	T078	C0034866
27683158	1100	1107	dietary	T169	C2699635
27683158	1108	1114	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	1116	1125	Older age	T098	C1999167
27683158	1130	1135	rural	T033	C0240919
27683158	1136	1145	residence	T082	C0237096
27683158	1151	1162	significant	T078	C0750502
27683158	1163	1175	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27683158	1180	1185	lower	T080	C0205251
27683158	1186	1193	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27683158	1198	1207	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27683158	1208	1214	intake	T169	C1512806
27683158	1218	1224	Korean	T098	C1556095
27683158	1225	1230	women	T098	C0043210

27683416|t|Prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2 and 3 coregulate murine erythropoietin in brain pericytes
27683416|a|A classic response to systemic hypoxia is the increased production of red blood cells due to hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated induction of erythropoietin (EPO). EPO is a glycoprotein hormone that is essential for normal erythropoiesis and is predominantly synthesized by peritubular renal interstitial fibroblast-like cells, which express cellular markers characteristic of neuronal cells and pericytes. To investigate whether the ability to synthesize EPO is a general functional feature of pericytes, we used conditional gene targeting to examine the von Hippel-Lindau / prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD)/HIF axis in cell - expressing neural glial antigen 2, a known molecular marker of pericytes in multiple organs. We found that pericytes in the brain synthesized EPO in mice with genetic HIF activation and were capable of responding to systemic hypoxia with the induction of Epo. Using high-resolution multiplex in situ hybridization, we determined that brain pericytes represent an important cellular source of Epo in the hypoxic brain (up to 70% of all Epo - expressing cells). We furthermore determined that Epo transcription in brain pericytes was HIF-2 dependent and cocontrolled by PHD2 and PHD3, oxygen - and 2-oxoglutarate -dependent prolyl-4-hydroxylases that regulate HIF activity. In summary, our studies provide experimental evidence that pericytes in the brain have the ability to function as oxygen sensors and respond to hypoxia with EPO synthesis. Our findings furthermore suggest that the ability to synthesize EPO may represent a functional feature of pericytes in the brain and kidney.
27683416	0	22	Prolyl-4-hydroxylase 2	T116,T123	C1451071
27683416	27	28	3	T116,T126	C2002278
27683416	40	46	murine	T109,T121	C0591833
27683416	47	61	erythropoietin	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	65	70	brain	T023	C0006104
27683416	71	80	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27683416	91	99	response	T033	C1704632
27683416	103	111	systemic	T169	C0205373
27683416	112	119	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27683416	127	136	increased	T081	C0205217
27683416	137	166	production of red blood cells	T042	C0014819
27683416	174	198	hypoxia-inducible factor	T116,T123	C0215848
27683416	200	203	HIF	T116,T123	C0215848
27683416	214	223	induction	T169	C0205263
27683416	227	241	erythropoietin	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	243	246	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	249	252	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	258	278	glycoprotein hormone	T109,T125	C0312438
27683416	301	322	normal erythropoiesis	T042	C0014819
27683416	359	370	peritubular	T082	C0456918
27683416	371	411	renal interstitial fibroblast-like cells	T025	C1514842
27683416	427	443	cellular markers	T201	C0005516
27683416	462	476	neuronal cells	T025	C0027882
27683416	481	490	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27683416	495	506	investigate	T169	C1292732
27683416	541	544	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	558	568	functional	T169	C0205245
27683416	569	576	feature	T080	C2348519
27683416	580	589	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27683416	611	625	gene targeting	T063	C0242613
27683416	641	658	von Hippel-Lindau	T047	C0019562
27683416	661	698	prolyl-4-hydroxylase domain (PHD)/HIF	T116,T126	C3658213
27683416	707	711	cell	T025	C0007634
27683416	714	724	expressing	T045	C1171362
27683416	725	747	neural glial antigen 2	T116,T129	C1311695
27683416	757	773	molecular marker	T201	C0005516
27683416	777	786	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27683416	790	805	multiple organs	T023	C0178784
27683416	821	830	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27683416	838	843	brain	T023	C0006104
27683416	856	859	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	863	867	mice	T015	C0026809
27683416	873	880	genetic	T169	C0314603
27683416	881	884	HIF	T116,T123	C0215848
27683416	885	895	activation	T052	C1879547
27683416	930	938	systemic	T169	C0205373
27683416	939	946	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27683416	956	965	induction	T169	C0205263
27683416	969	972	Epo	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	980	995	high-resolution	T059	C1719039
27683416	1006	1027	in situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
27683416	1048	1053	brain	T023	C0006104
27683416	1054	1063	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27683416	1087	1102	cellular source	T025	C0007634
27683416	1106	1109	Epo	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	1117	1124	hypoxic	T046	C0242184
27683416	1125	1130	brain	T023	C0006104
27683416	1149	1152	Epo	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	1155	1165	expressing	T045	C1171362
27683416	1166	1171	cells	T025	C0007634
27683416	1205	1208	Epo	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	1209	1222	transcription	T045	C0040649
27683416	1226	1231	brain	T023	C0006104
27683416	1232	1241	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27683416	1246	1251	HIF-2	T116,T123	C0215848
27683416	1282	1286	PHD2	T116,T123	C1451071
27683416	1291	1295	PHD3	T116,T126	C2002278
27683416	1297	1303	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27683416	1310	1324	2-oxoglutarate	T109,T121	C1291208
27683416	1336	1357	prolyl-4-hydroxylases	T116,T126	C3658213
27683416	1372	1375	HIF	T116,T123	C0215848
27683416	1376	1384	activity	T044	C0243102
27683416	1418	1430	experimental	T080	C1517586
27683416	1431	1439	evidence	T078	C3887511
27683416	1445	1454	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27683416	1462	1467	brain	T023	C0006104
27683416	1500	1514	oxygen sensors	T074	C0183211
27683416	1530	1537	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27683416	1543	1546	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	1562	1570	findings	T169	C2607943
27683416	1622	1625	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
27683416	1642	1652	functional	T169	C0205245
27683416	1653	1660	feature	T080	C2348519
27683416	1664	1673	pericytes	T025	C0598800
27683416	1681	1686	brain	T023	C0006104
27683416	1691	1697	kidney	T023	C0022646

27683502|t|Harmonization of Clinical Laboratory Information - Current and Future Strategies
27683502|a|According to a patient -centered viewpoint, the meaning of harmonization in the context of laboratory medicine is that the information should be comparable irrespective of the measurement procedure used and where and/or when a measurement is made. Harmonization represents a fundamental aspect of quality in laboratory medicine as its ultimate goal is to improve patient outcomes through the provision of an accurate and actionable laboratory information. Although the initial focus has to a large extent been to harmonize and standardize analytical processes and methods, the scope of harmonization goes beyond to include all other aspects of the total testing process (TTP), such as terminology and units, report formats, reference intervals and decision limits, as well as tests and test profiles request and criteria for interpretation. Two major progresses have been made in the area of harmonization in laboratory medicine: first, the awareness that harmonization should take into consideration not only the analytical phase but all steps of the TTP, thus dealing with the request, the sample, the measurement, and the report. Second, as the processes required to achieve harmonization are complicated, a systematic approach is needed. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) has played a fundamental and successful role in the development of standardized and harmonized assays, and now it should continue to work in the field through the collaboration and cooperation with many other stakeholders.
27683502	0	13	Harmonization	T067	C1522240
27683502	17	36	Clinical Laboratory	T073,T093	C1551301
27683502	37	48	Information	T078	C1533716
27683502	51	58	Current	T079	C0521116
27683502	63	69	Future	T079	C0016884
27683502	70	80	Strategies	T062	C0035171
27683502	96	103	patient	T101	C0030705
27683502	114	123	viewpoint	T170	C0282411
27683502	140	153	harmonization	T067	C1522240
27683502	161	168	context	T078	C0449255
27683502	172	182	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27683502	183	191	medicine	T121	C0013227
27683502	204	215	information	T078	C1533716
27683502	226	236	comparable	T052	C1707455
27683502	257	268	measurement	T169	C0242485
27683502	269	278	procedure	T169	C2700391
27683502	308	319	measurement	T169	C0242485
27683502	329	342	Harmonization	T067	C1522240
27683502	356	374	fundamental aspect	T080	C1879746
27683502	378	385	quality	T080	C0332306
27683502	389	399	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27683502	400	408	medicine	T121	C0013227
27683502	416	429	ultimate goal	T170	C0018017
27683502	436	443	improve	T080	C1272747
27683502	444	460	patient outcomes	T078	C1547647
27683502	489	497	accurate	T080	C0443131
27683502	513	523	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27683502	524	535	information	T078	C1533716
27683502	573	585	large extent	T080	C1555602
27683502	594	603	harmonize	T067	C1522240
27683502	608	619	standardize	T080	C1442989
27683502	620	640	analytical processes	T067	C1522240
27683502	645	652	methods	T170	C0025663
27683502	658	663	scope	T077	C1710028
27683502	667	680	harmonization	T067	C1522240
27683502	714	721	aspects	T080	C1879746
27683502	729	750	total testing process	T067	C1522240
27683502	752	755	TTP	T067	C1522240
27683502	766	777	terminology	T170	C0028275
27683502	782	787	units	T081	C0439148
27683502	789	803	report formats	T170	C2919829
27683502	805	824	reference intervals	T081	C0086715
27683502	829	837	decision	T041	C0679006
27683502	838	844	limits	T169	C0439801
27683502	857	862	tests	T170	C0392366
27683502	867	880	test profiles	T059	C0200378
27683502	881	888	request	T052	C1272683
27683502	893	901	criteria	T078	C0243161
27683502	906	920	interpretation	T170	C0459471
27683502	932	942	progresses	T169	C1280477
27683502	973	986	harmonization	T067	C1522240
27683502	990	1009	laboratory medicine	T091	C0025118
27683502	1037	1050	harmonization	T067	C1522240
27683502	1095	1111	analytical phase	T062	C0936012
27683502	1133	1136	TTP	T067	C1522240
27683502	1160	1167	request	T052	C1272683
27683502	1173	1179	sample	T167	C0370003
27683502	1185	1196	measurement	T169	C0242485
27683502	1206	1212	report	T170	C0684224
27683502	1229	1238	processes	T067	C1522240
27683502	1259	1272	harmonization	T067	C1522240
27683502	1277	1288	complicated	T169	C0231242
27683502	1292	1302	systematic	T169	C0220922
27683502	1303	1311	approach	T082	C0449445
27683502	1315	1321	needed	T080	C0027552
27683502	1327	1397	International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine	T059	C2964654
27683502	1399	1403	IFCC	T059	C2964654
27683502	1457	1468	development	T169	C1527148
27683502	1472	1484	standardized	T080	C1442989
27683502	1489	1506	harmonized assays	T059	C0005507
27683502	1526	1534	continue	T078	C0549178
27683502	1550	1555	field	T077	C1521738
27683502	1568	1581	collaboration	T054	C0282116
27683502	1586	1597	cooperation	T054	C0392337
27683502	1614	1626	stakeholders	T098	C0027361

27683651|t|Manipulation of IL-10 gene expression by Toxoplasma gondii and its products
27683651|a|This study was designed to evaluate whether or not T. gondii and its derivatives can change the gene expression level of IL-10 in murine leukocytes in vivo. Fifty BALB/c mice were divided into 5 groups, four of which received the excretory/secretory product (ESP) from cell culture medium, the ESP from cell free medium, the Toxoplasma lysate product (TLP) and the active tachyzoites, respectively. The fifth group was considered as control and received PBS. The peritoneal leukocytes from the mice were collected. Their total RNA were extracted and converted to cDNA and the gene expression level s of IL-10 in the samples were evaluated by quantitative real time-PCR using the REST-2009 software. The findings showed a decrease in the expression level of IL-10 in the TLP group (p=0.004). Moreover, the IL-10 gene expression level weeas upregulated in the group of the ESP from cell culture medium (p=0.04) and the active tachyzoite group (p=0.04). The expression of IL-10 gene in the group of ESP from cell-free medium was not significant compared to the control one (p=0.45). T. gondii and its derivatives are able to increase (the active T. gondii, tachyzoite and the ESP from cell culture medium) and decrease (the TLP) the gene expression level of IL-10 in a murine model. The question remains to be examined in further study about which molecules are involved in this process.
27683651	0	12	Manipulation	T063	C0017387
27683651	16	21	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27683651	22	37	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27683651	41	58	Toxoplasma gondii	T204	C0040557
27683651	81	86	study	T062	C2603343
27683651	103	111	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27683651	127	136	T. gondii	T204	C0040557
27683651	172	187	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27683651	188	193	level	T081	C3244092
27683651	197	202	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27683651	206	212	murine	T015	C0026809
27683651	213	223	leukocytes	T025	C0023516
27683651	224	231	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27683651	239	250	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
27683651	306	333	excretory/secretory product	T123	C0574031
27683651	335	338	ESP	T123	C0574031
27683651	345	364	cell culture medium	T130	C1139023
27683651	370	373	ESP	T123	C0574031
27683651	379	395	cell free medium	T130	C0010454
27683651	401	411	Toxoplasma	T204	C0040557
27683651	412	426	lysate product	T072	C1881488
27683651	428	431	TLP	T072	C1881488
27683651	448	459	tachyzoites	T204	C0444665
27683651	570	574	mice	T015	C0025929
27683651	603	606	RNA	T114	C0035668
27683651	639	643	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27683651	652	667	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27683651	668	673	level	T081	C3244092
27683651	679	684	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27683651	705	714	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27683651	718	744	quantitative real time-PCR	T063	C3179034
27683651	755	773	REST-2009 software	T170	C0037589
27683651	779	787	findings	T033	C0243095
27683651	797	805	decrease	T081	C0547047
27683651	813	823	expression	T045	C0017262
27683651	824	829	level	T081	C3244092
27683651	833	838	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27683651	846	849	TLP	T072	C1881488
27683651	881	886	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27683651	887	902	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27683651	903	908	level	T081	C3244092
27683651	947	950	ESP	T123	C0574031
27683651	956	975	cell culture medium	T130	C1139023
27683651	1000	1010	tachyzoite	T204	C0444665
27683651	1031	1041	expression	T045	C0017262
27683651	1045	1055	IL-10 gene	T028	C1334098
27683651	1072	1075	ESP	T123	C0574031
27683651	1081	1097	cell-free medium	T130	C0010454
27683651	1156	1165	T. gondii	T204	C0040557
27683651	1198	1206	increase	T169	C0442805
27683651	1219	1228	T. gondii	T204	C0040557
27683651	1230	1240	tachyzoite	T204	C0444665
27683651	1249	1252	ESP	T123	C0574031
27683651	1258	1277	cell culture medium	T130	C1139023
27683651	1283	1291	decrease	T081	C0547047
27683651	1297	1300	TLP	T072	C1881488
27683651	1306	1321	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27683651	1322	1327	level	T081	C3244092
27683651	1331	1336	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27683651	1342	1348	murine	T015	C0026809
27683651	1403	1408	study	T062	C2603343
27683651	1421	1430	molecules	T167	C0567416

27683791|t|PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF DUMPING SYNDROME AND ITS RELATION TO BARIATRIC SURGERY
27683791|a|The dumping syndrome is frequent in bariatric surgery. It is probably the most common syndrome following partial or complete gastrectomy. Its prevalence in partial gastrectomy can reach up to 50%, thus it can be a significant complication arising from some types of bariatric surgeries. Critical analysis on dumping syndrome, its pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. A literature review was performed using the key words: ' dumping syndrome ', ' bariatric surgery ' and ' rapid dumping syndrome '. Inclusion criteria were: books, original works, case reports and meta-analyzes, and the exclusion criterion was literature review. Concerning the publication time, articles were screened between 1960 and May 2015. The dumping syndrome is complication arising from obesity surgeries, but also can be a result of vagus nerve damage. Diagnosis is done primarily through the use of questionnaires based on scores. The Sigstad score and Arts survey are valid means for assessing the dumping syndrome. Initial therapy consists in the adoption of dietary measures, short acting drugs administration. A síndrome de dumping é frequente após operações bariátricas. É, provavelmente, a mais comum das síndromes que sucedem gastrectomias parciais ou completas. Sua prevalência, em gastrectomias parciais pode chegar a até 50%, tornando-se assim complicação significante em alguns tipos de operações bariátricas. Realizar análise crítica sobre a síndrome de dumping em sua fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento. Foi realizada revisão bibliográfica utilizando os descritores: 'síndrome de dumping', 'cirurgia bariátrica' e 'síndrome do esvaziamento rápido'. Os critérios de inclusão foram: livros, trabalhos originais, relatos de caso e metanálises; excluíram-se as revisões bibliográficas. Quanto ao tempo de publicação, foram selecionados artigos entre 1960 e maio de 2015. A síndrome de dumping é complicação gastrointestinal oriunda de operações para obesidade, mas também pode ocasionar-se como consequência de danos no nervo vago. Seu diagnóstico é realizado primordialmente através da aplicação de questionários baseados em pontuações. O escore de Sigstad e questionário de Arts são meios válidos para avaliação da síndrome de dumping. A terapia inicial consiste na adoção de medidas dietéticas, ou fármacos administráveis de ação curta.
27683791	0	15	PATHOPHYSIOLOGY	T169	C0031847
27683791	17	26	DIAGNOSIS	T033	C0011900
27683791	31	40	TREATMENT	T061	C0087111
27683791	44	60	DUMPING SYNDROME	T047	C0013288
27683791	69	77	RELATION	T080	C0439849
27683791	81	98	BARIATRIC SURGERY	T061	C1456587
27683791	103	119	dumping syndrome	T047	C0013288
27683791	123	131	frequent	T079	C0332183
27683791	135	152	bariatric surgery	T061	C1456587
27683791	185	193	syndrome	T047	C0039082
27683791	204	211	partial	T061	C0030600
27683791	215	235	complete gastrectomy	T061	C0161899
27683791	241	251	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27683791	255	274	partial gastrectomy	T061	C0030600
27683791	313	324	significant	T078	C0750502
27683791	325	337	complication	T046	C0009566
27683791	365	384	bariatric surgeries	T061	C1456587
27683791	386	394	Critical	T080	C1511545
27683791	395	403	analysis	T062	C0936012
27683791	407	423	dumping syndrome	T047	C0013288
27683791	429	444	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27683791	446	455	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27683791	460	469	treatment	T061	C0087111
27683791	473	483	literature	T170	C0023866
27683791	484	490	review	T080	C1704362
27683791	519	524	words	T170	C0042926
27683791	528	544	dumping syndrome	T047	C0013288
27683791	550	567	bariatric surgery	T061	C1456587
27683791	576	581	rapid	T080	C0456962
27683791	582	598	dumping syndrome	T047	C0013288
27683791	602	620	Inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27683791	627	632	books	T170	C0006002
27683791	634	648	original works	T062	C0242481
27683791	650	662	case reports	T170	C0085973
27683791	667	680	meta-analyzes	T170	C0282458
27683791	690	709	exclusion criterion	T169	C0680251
27683791	714	731	literature review	T170	C0282441
27683791	748	759	publication	T057	C0034037
27683791	760	764	time	T079	C0040223
27683791	766	774	articles	T170	C1706852
27683791	820	836	dumping syndrome	T047	C0013288
27683791	840	852	complication	T046	C0009566
27683791	866	883	obesity surgeries	T061	C1167841
27683791	903	909	result	T169	C1274040
27683791	913	924	vagus nerve	T023	C0042276
27683791	925	931	damage	T037	C0161479
27683791	933	942	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27683791	980	994	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27683791	1004	1010	scores	T081	C0449820
27683791	1016	1029	Sigstad score	T081	C0449820
27683791	1034	1045	Arts survey	T170	C0038951
27683791	1066	1075	assessing	T058	C0184514
27683791	1080	1096	dumping syndrome	T047	C0013288
27683791	1106	1113	therapy	T061	C0087111
27683791	1142	1149	dietary	T168	C0012155
27683791	1150	1158	measures	T081	C0079809
27683791	1160	1178	short acting drugs	T121	C0013227
27683791	1179	1193	administration	T061	C1533734

27683811|t|Assessment of the impact of changes in temperature in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) melanic and albino variants infected with Schistosoma mansoni (Sambon, 1907)
27683811|a|Fluctuations in population density of planorbid hosts of S. mansoni are influenced by climatic factors. The knowledge about interference from changes in water temperature in these populations is an important aspect of the epidemiology of schistosomiasis. In this experiment, it is explored the influence of different temperatures on the development of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria glabrata melanic and albino variants. The results indicated an intrinsic relationship between temperature and development of the parasite in the intramollusc phase, independent of the pigmentation of the mantle of the molluscs. The higher the temperature, the shorter the period necessary for the development of the parasite was while the higher the mortality of infected mollusks. It is concluded that, in the presence of climate change, the increasement of temperature in cold and flooded regions may encourage the establishment of new foci of transmission of schistosomiasis by changing the geographic extent and extending the epidemiological transmission potential. In warm climates, higher temperatures, however, could compromise the transmission of the disease because of biological stress suffered by parasite and host. Under these conditions, it can result in the death of the parasite or a change in their ability to infect new host species of molluscs in new areas. Mantle pigmentation patterns in molluscs have not shown significant interference in the development of the parasite.
27683811	28	50	changes in temperature	T080	C0450031
27683811	54	75	Biomphalaria glabrata	T204	C0004347
27683811	88	95	melanic	T047	C0025209
27683811	100	106	albino	T019	C0001916
27683811	107	115	variants	T080	C0205419
27683811	116	124	infected	T033	C0439663
27683811	130	149	Schistosoma mansoni	T204	C0036319
27683811	181	199	population density	T081	C0178587
27683811	203	218	planorbid hosts	T204	C0323862
27683811	222	232	S. mansoni	T204	C0036319
27683811	251	267	climatic factors	UnknownType	C0868933
27683811	318	323	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27683811	324	335	temperature	T081	C0039476
27683811	345	356	populations	T098	C1257890
27683811	387	399	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27683811	403	418	schistosomiasis	T047	C0036323
27683811	428	438	experiment	T062	C0681814
27683811	459	468	influence	T077	C4054723
27683811	482	494	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27683811	502	513	development	T040	C0678723
27683811	517	536	Schistosoma mansoni	T204	C0036319
27683811	540	561	Biomphalaria glabrata	T204	C0004347
27683811	647	658	temperature	T081	C0039476
27683811	682	690	parasite	T204	C0030498
27683811	698	716	intramollusc phase	T079	C0205390
27683811	737	749	pigmentation	T032	C0031911
27683811	757	763	mantle	T029	C3846131
27683811	771	779	molluscs	T204	C0026391
27683811	785	791	higher	T080	C0205250
27683811	796	807	temperature	T081	C0039476
27683811	850	861	development	T040	C0678723
27683811	869	877	parasite	T204	C0030498
27683811	903	912	mortality	T081	C0596099
27683811	925	933	mollusks	T204	C0026391
27683811	976	990	climate change	T070	C2718051
27683811	996	1008	increasement	T081	C0205217
27683811	1012	1023	temperature	T081	C0039476
27683811	1027	1031	cold	T082	C1443888
27683811	1036	1043	flooded	T070	C0016248
27683811	1044	1051	regions	T083	C0017446
27683811	1099	1111	transmission	T046	C0242781
27683811	1115	1130	schistosomiasis	T047	C0036323
27683811	1147	1164	geographic extent	T083	C0017446
27683811	1183	1221	epidemiological transmission potential	T169	C1516907
27683811	1226	1239	warm climates	T067	C0563030
27683811	1241	1247	higher	T080	C0205250
27683811	1248	1260	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27683811	1292	1319	transmission of the disease	T046	C0242781
27683811	1331	1348	biological stress	T032	C2350026
27683811	1361	1369	parasite	T204	C0030498
27683811	1374	1378	host	T001	C1167395
27683811	1425	1430	death	T040	C0011065
27683811	1438	1446	parasite	T204	C0030498
27683811	1479	1485	infect	T046	C3714514
27683811	1490	1502	host species	T001	C1167395
27683811	1506	1514	molluscs	T204	C0026391
27683811	1522	1527	areas	T083	C0017446
27683811	1529	1535	Mantle	T029	C3846131
27683811	1536	1548	pigmentation	T032	C0031911
27683811	1561	1569	molluscs	T204	C0026391
27683811	1617	1628	development	T040	C0678723
27683811	1636	1644	parasite	T204	C0030498

27684099|t|Different modalities of entry in a large urban clinic in Uganda and impact on outcomes of patients assessing HIV care and treatment
27684099|a|In resource-limited settings, a number of patients do not receive continuous HIV care. In this analysis, we compared outcomes in patients who entered care by different modality of entry. This was a retrospective analysis of all patients started on antiretroviral treatment (ART) at a large urban center in Uganda from 2005 to 2012. Patients were categorized into three groups (1) Front door: started on ART without interruption during follow-up; (2) drop-out side door: restarted on ART after having an interruption > 6 months and (3) transfer-in side door: transferred-in after being started on ART somewhere else. We compared characteristics at enrollment in the three groups and investigated the following outcomes: (1) retention in care (2) switch to second line. In the study period 11,528 (87.2%) were enrolled through the front door, 1159 (8.7%) resumed ART after dropping out, while 527 (4%) patients were transferred in on ART. The three groups were generally comparable, although patients transferred in were sicker. A larger proportion of patients entered through the drop-out side door died or was lost to follow-up (37.3%), as compared to patients in the front door group (24.9%) and transferred-in side door group (17.7%). More patients in the front door group (32.1%) were transferred out during the follow-up. The highest probability of switching to second line was found in the transferred-in group. Patients who re-enter our program after dropping out are at higher risk of dropping out of care and often need to be switched to second-line ART. The high demand for second-line therapy among patients in transfer-in side door reflects failure in management of complicated patients who are usually require " up-transfer " to better treatment centers. In future understanding, the different modes of entry into HIV care will be key in reshaping the general cascade of HIV care. JOURNAL ART
27684099	0	9	Different	T080	C1705242
27684099	10	20	modalities	T078	C0695347
27684099	24	29	entry	T170	C1705654
27684099	35	40	large	T081	C0549177
27684099	41	46	urban	T083	C0442529
27684099	47	53	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27684099	57	63	Uganda	T083	C0041573
27684099	68	74	impact	T080	C4049986
27684099	78	86	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27684099	90	98	patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	99	108	assessing	T058	C0184514
27684099	109	112	HIV	T047	C0019693
27684099	113	117	care	T058	C0017313
27684099	122	131	treatment	T169	C1522326
27684099	164	170	number	T081	C0237753
27684099	174	182	patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	186	189	not	T169	C1518422
27684099	190	197	receive	T080	C1514756
27684099	198	208	continuous	T078	C0549178
27684099	209	212	HIV	T047	C0019693
27684099	213	217	care	T058	C0017313
27684099	227	235	analysis	T062	C0936012
27684099	240	248	compared	T052	C1707455
27684099	249	257	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27684099	261	269	patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	274	281	entered	T080	C1521975
27684099	282	286	care	T058	C0017313
27684099	290	299	different	T080	C1705242
27684099	300	308	modality	T078	C0695347
27684099	312	317	entry	T170	C1705654
27684099	330	352	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
27684099	356	359	all	T081	C0444868
27684099	360	368	patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	369	376	started	T080	C1272689
27684099	380	404	antiretroviral treatment	T061	C1963724
27684099	406	409	ART	T061	C1963724
27684099	416	421	large	T081	C0549177
27684099	422	427	urban	T083	C0442529
27684099	428	434	center	T073,T093	C0442592
27684099	438	444	Uganda	T083	C0041573
27684099	464	472	Patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	478	489	categorized	T052	C0871968
27684099	495	500	three	T081	C0205449
27684099	501	507	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	512	522	Front door	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	524	531	started	T080	C1272689
27684099	535	538	ART	T061	C1963724
27684099	539	546	without	T080	C0332288
27684099	547	559	interruption	T079	C1512900
27684099	560	566	during	T079	C0347984
27684099	567	576	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27684099	582	600	drop-out side door	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	602	611	restarted	T080	C1514902
27684099	615	618	ART	T061	C1963724
27684099	619	624	after	T079	C0687676
27684099	625	631	having	T080	C3539897
27684099	635	647	interruption	T079	C1512900
27684099	650	658	6 months	T079	C4082120
27684099	667	688	transfer-in side door	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	705	710	after	T079	C0687676
27684099	717	724	started	T080	C1272689
27684099	728	731	ART	T061	C1963724
27684099	732	746	somewhere else	T033	C3843861
27684099	751	759	compared	T052	C1707455
27684099	760	775	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27684099	779	789	enrollment	T058	C1516879
27684099	797	802	three	T081	C0205449
27684099	803	809	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	814	826	investigated	T169	C1292732
27684099	831	840	following	T079	C0332282
27684099	841	849	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27684099	855	864	retention	T169	C0333117
27684099	868	872	care	T058	C0017313
27684099	877	883	switch	T169	C0392747
27684099	887	898	second line	T061	C1710038
27684099	907	912	study	T062	C2603343
27684099	913	919	period	T079	C1948053
27684099	940	948	enrolled	T058	C1516879
27684099	949	956	through	T169	C0332273
27684099	961	971	front door	T073	C0557695
27684099	985	992	resumed	T080	C1514902
27684099	993	996	ART	T061	C1963724
27684099	1003	1011	dropping	T052	C1705648
27684099	1012	1015	out	T082	C0439787
27684099	1032	1040	patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	1046	1057	transferred	T058	C0030704
27684099	1064	1067	ART	T061	C1963724
27684099	1073	1078	three	T081	C0205449
27684099	1079	1085	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	1101	1111	comparable	T052	C1707455
27684099	1122	1142	patients transferred	T058	C0030704
27684099	1151	1157	sicker	T184	C0221423
27684099	1161	1167	larger	T081	C0549177
27684099	1168	1178	proportion	T081	C1709707
27684099	1182	1190	patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	1199	1206	through	T169	C0332273
27684099	1225	1229	door	T073	C0557698
27684099	1230	1234	died	T033	C1306577
27684099	1242	1246	lost	T169	C0745777
27684099	1250	1259	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27684099	1272	1280	compared	T052	C1707455
27684099	1284	1292	patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	1300	1316	front door group	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	1329	1359	transferred-in side door group	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	1374	1382	patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	1390	1406	front door group	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	1420	1431	transferred	T058	C0030704
27684099	1436	1442	during	T079	C0347984
27684099	1447	1456	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27684099	1462	1469	highest	T080	C1522410
27684099	1470	1481	probability	T081	C0033204
27684099	1485	1494	switching	T169	C0392747
27684099	1498	1509	second line	T061	C1710038
27684099	1514	1519	found	T033	C0150312
27684099	1527	1547	transferred-in group	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	1549	1557	Patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	1575	1582	program	T169	C3484370
27684099	1589	1597	dropping	T052	C1705648
27684099	1598	1601	out	T082	C0439787
27684099	1609	1623	higher risk of	T033	C0332167
27684099	1624	1632	dropping	T052	C1705648
27684099	1633	1636	out	T082	C0439787
27684099	1640	1644	care	T058	C0017313
27684099	1655	1659	need	T080	C0027552
27684099	1666	1674	switched	T169	C0392747
27684099	1678	1689	second-line	T061	C1710038
27684099	1690	1693	ART	T061	C1963724
27684099	1699	1703	high	T080	C0205250
27684099	1704	1710	demand	T061	C0441516
27684099	1715	1734	second-line therapy	T061	C1710038
27684099	1741	1749	patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	1753	1774	transfer-in side door	UnknownType	C0681860
27684099	1784	1791	failure	T169	C0231175
27684099	1795	1805	management	T058	C0376636
27684099	1809	1820	complicated	T169	C0231242
27684099	1821	1829	patients	T101	C0030705
27684099	1838	1845	usually	T080	C3538928
27684099	1856	1867	up-transfer	T058	C0030704
27684099	1873	1879	better	T080	C0332272
27684099	1880	1897	treatment centers	T073,T093	C1551259
27684099	1902	1908	future	T079	C0016884
27684099	1909	1922	understanding	T041	C0162340
27684099	1928	1937	different	T080	C1705242
27684099	1938	1943	modes	T169	C1513371
27684099	1947	1952	entry	T170	C1705654
27684099	1958	1961	HIV	T047	C0019693
27684099	1962	1966	care	T058	C0017313
27684099	1975	1978	key	T077	C1706198
27684099	2004	2011	cascade	T033	C0033213
27684099	2015	2018	HIV	T047	C0019693
27684099	2019	2023	care	T058	C0017313
27684099	2033	2036	ART	T061	C1963724

27685187|t|Expectations for the methodology and translation of animal research: a survey of the general public, medical students and animal researchers in North America
27685187|a|To determine what are considered acceptable standards for animal research (AR) methodology and translation rate to humans, a validated survey was sent to: a) a sample of the general public, via Sampling Survey International (SSI; Canada), Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT; USA), a Canadian city festival (CF) and a Canadian children's hospital (CH); b) a sample of medical students (two first-year classes); and c) a sample of scientists (corresponding authors and academic paediatricians). There were 1379 responses from the general public sample (SSI, n = 557; AMT, n = 590; CF, n = 195; CH, n = 102), 205/330 (62%) medical student responses, and 23/323 (7%, too few to report) scientist responses. Asked about methodological quality, most of the general public and medical student respondents expect that: AR is of high quality (e.g. anaesthesia and analgesia are monitored, even overnight, and 'humane' euthanasia, optimal statistical design, comprehensive literature review, randomisation and blinding, are performed), and costs and difficulty are not acceptable justifications for lower quality (e.g. costs of expert consultation, or more laboratory staff). Asked about their expectations of translation to humans (of toxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and treatment findings), most expect translation more than 60% of the time. If translation occurred less than 20% of the time, a minority disagreed that this would "significantly reduce your support for AR ". Medical students were more supportive of AR, even if translation occurred less than 20% of the time. Expectations for AR are much higher than empirical data show to have been achieved.
27685187	0	12	Expectations	T078	C0679138
27685187	21	32	methodology	T078	C3266812
27685187	37	48	translation	T062	C0242481
27685187	52	67	animal research	T062	C0003048
27685187	71	77	survey	T170	C0038951
27685187	85	99	general public	T098	C0683971
27685187	101	117	medical students	T097	C0038495
27685187	122	128	animal	T008	C0003062
27685187	129	140	researchers	T097	C0035173
27685187	144	157	North America	T083	C0028405
27685187	191	201	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27685187	202	211	standards	T170	C0038137
27685187	216	231	animal research	T062	C0003048
27685187	233	235	AR	T062	C0003048
27685187	237	248	methodology	T078	C3266812
27685187	253	269	translation rate	T081	C1521828
27685187	273	279	humans	T016	C0086418
27685187	293	299	survey	T170	C0038951
27685187	332	346	general public	T098	C0683971
27685187	352	381	Sampling Survey International	T170	C1552679
27685187	383	386	SSI	T170	C1552679
27685187	388	394	Canada	T083	C0006823
27685187	397	419	Amazon Mechanical Turk	T170	C1552679
27685187	421	424	AMT	T170	C1552679
27685187	426	429	USA	T083	C0041703
27685187	434	447	Canadian city	T083	C0006823
27685187	448	456	festival	T052	C0015922
27685187	458	460	CF	T052	C0015922
27685187	468	476	Canadian	T083	C0006823
27685187	477	496	children's hospital	T093	C0020017
27685187	498	500	CH	T093	C0020017
27685187	518	534	medical students	T097	C0038495
27685187	580	590	scientists	T097	C0402112
27685187	606	613	authors	T097	C3812881
27685187	618	626	academic	T092	C1510747
27685187	627	641	paediatricians	T097	C0237433
27685187	660	669	responses	T032	C0871261
27685187	679	693	general public	T098	C0683971
27685187	702	705	SSI	T170	C1552679
27685187	716	719	AMT	T170	C1552679
27685187	730	732	CF	T052	C0015922
27685187	743	745	CH	T093	C0020017
27685187	771	786	medical student	T097	C0038495
27685187	787	796	responses	T032	C0871261
27685187	833	842	scientist	T097	C0402112
27685187	843	852	responses	T032	C0871261
27685187	866	888	methodological quality	UnknownType	C0815254
27685187	902	916	general public	T098	C0683971
27685187	921	936	medical student	T097	C0038495
27685187	937	948	respondents	T098	C0282122
27685187	962	964	AR	T062	C0003048
27685187	971	983	high quality	T080	C0332306
27685187	990	1001	anaesthesia	T061	C0002903
27685187	1006	1015	analgesia	T061	C0002766
27685187	1060	1070	euthanasia	T058	C0015187
27685187	1072	1079	optimal	T080	C2698651
27685187	1080	1098	statistical design	UnknownType	C0681864
27685187	1100	1113	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27685187	1114	1131	literature review	T170	C0282441
27685187	1133	1146	randomisation	T062	C0034656
27685187	1151	1159	blinding	T062	C0150108
27685187	1181	1186	costs	T081	C0010186
27685187	1210	1220	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27685187	1221	1235	justifications	T078	C0392360
27685187	1240	1253	lower quality	T080	C0332306
27685187	1260	1265	costs	T081	C0010186
27685187	1276	1288	consultation	T058	C0009818
27685187	1298	1314	laboratory staff	T097	C0025106
27685187	1335	1347	expectations	T078	C0679138
27685187	1351	1362	translation	T062	C0242481
27685187	1366	1372	humans	T016	C0086418
27685187	1377	1385	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27685187	1387	1402	carcinogenicity	T191	C0858970
27685187	1404	1418	teratogenicity	T046	C0232910
27685187	1423	1432	treatment	T169	C0039798
27685187	1433	1441	findings	T169	C2607943
27685187	1456	1467	translation	T062	C0242481
27685187	1498	1509	translation	T062	C0242481
27685187	1548	1556	minority	T098	C0026192
27685187	1622	1624	AR	T062	C0003048
27685187	1628	1644	Medical students	T097	C0038495
27685187	1655	1665	supportive	T077	C1521721
27685187	1669	1671	AR	T062	C0003048
27685187	1681	1692	translation	T062	C0242481
27685187	1729	1741	Expectations	T078	C0679138
27685187	1746	1748	AR	T062	C0003048
27685187	1770	1784	empirical data	T078	C1511726

27685846|t|Unusual Salt and pH Induced Changes in Polyethylenimine Solutions
27685846|a|Linear PEI is a cationic polymer commonly used for complexing DNA into nanoparticles for cell-transfection and gene-therapy applications. The polymer has closely-spaced amines with weak-base protonation capacity, and a hydrophobic backbone that is kept unaggregated by intra-chain repulsion. As a result, in solution PEI exhibits multiple buffering mechanisms, and polyelectrolyte states that shift between aggregated and free forms. We studied the interplay between the aggregation and protonation behavior of 2.5 kDa linear PEI by pH probing, vapor pressure osmometry, dynamic light scattering, and ninhydrin assay. Our results indicate that: At neutral pH, the PEI chains are associated and the addition of NaCl initially reduces and then increases the extent of association .The aggregate form is uncollapsed and co-exists with the free chains. PEI buffering occurs due to continuous or discontinuous charging between stalled states. Ninhydrin assay tracks the number of unprotonated amines in PEI .The size of PEI - DNA complexes is not significantly affected by the free vs. aggregated state of the PEI polymer. Despite its simple chemical structure, linear PEI displays intricate solution dynamics, which can be harnessed for environment - sensitive biomaterials and for overcoming current challenges with DNA delivery.
27685846	8	12	Salt	T104	C0036140
27685846	17	19	pH	T081	C0020283
27685846	28	35	Changes	T169	C0392747
27685846	39	55	Polyethylenimine	T109,T130	C0032486
27685846	56	65	Solutions	T167	C0037633
27685846	73	76	PEI	T109,T130	C0032486
27685846	82	98	cationic polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27685846	117	127	complexing	T080	C0439855
27685846	128	131	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27685846	137	150	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27685846	155	172	cell-transfection	T063	C0040669
27685846	177	189	gene-therapy	T061	C0017296
27685846	208	215	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27685846	220	234	closely-spaced	T082	C1254362
27685846	235	241	amines	T109	C0002508
27685846	247	277	weak-base protonation capacity	T067	C0178812
27685846	285	305	hydrophobic backbone	T104	C1254350
27685846	335	356	intra-chain repulsion	T067	C1254366
27685846	374	382	solution	T167	C0037633
27685846	383	386	PEI	T109,T130	C0032486
27685846	405	414	buffering	T121,T130	C0006353
27685846	415	425	mechanisms	T169	C0458005
27685846	431	453	polyelectrolyte states	T122	C4277727
27685846	473	483	aggregated	T169	C0332621
27685846	488	498	free forms	T080	C1996904
27685846	537	548	aggregation	T169	C0332621
27685846	553	573	protonation behavior	T067	C0178812
27685846	592	595	PEI	T109,T130	C0032486
27685846	599	601	pH	T081	C0020283
27685846	602	609	probing	T120	C2347609
27685846	611	635	vapor pressure osmometry	T074	C2363659
27685846	637	661	dynamic light scattering	T059	C1882368
27685846	667	676	ninhydrin	T109,T121,T130	C0028098
27685846	677	682	assay	T059	C1510438
27685846	714	724	neutral pH	T080	C1882074
27685846	730	740	PEI chains	T109,T130	C0032486
27685846	745	755	associated	T078	C0750490
27685846	764	772	addition	T067	C0596304
27685846	776	780	NaCl	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
27685846	832	843	association	T067	C0596306
27685846	849	863	aggregate form	T080	C0205418
27685846	902	913	free chains	T080	C1996904
27685846	915	918	PEI	T109,T130	C0032486
27685846	919	928	buffering	T121,T130	C0006353
27685846	943	953	continuous	T078	C0549178
27685846	957	970	discontinuous	T079	C0439599
27685846	988	1002	stalled states	T169	C1442792
27685846	1004	1013	Ninhydrin	T109,T121,T130	C0028098
27685846	1014	1019	assay	T059	C1510438
27685846	1041	1060	unprotonated amines	T104	C1254350
27685846	1064	1067	PEI	T109,T130	C0032486
27685846	1081	1084	PEI	T109,T130	C0032486
27685846	1087	1090	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27685846	1091	1100	complexes	T104	C1704241
27685846	1104	1121	not significantly	T033	C0243095
27685846	1122	1130	affected	T169	C0392760
27685846	1138	1142	free	T080	C1996904
27685846	1147	1163	aggregated state	T169	C0332621
27685846	1171	1182	PEI polymer	T109,T130	C0032486
27685846	1203	1221	chemical structure	T170	C0220807
27685846	1230	1233	PEI	T109,T130	C0032486
27685846	1253	1261	solution	T167	C0037633
27685846	1262	1270	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27685846	1299	1310	environment	T082	C0014406
27685846	1313	1322	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27685846	1323	1335	biomaterials	T122	C0005479
27685846	1363	1373	challenges	T058	C0805586
27685846	1379	1382	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27685846	1383	1391	delivery	T169	C0449914

27686487|t|Hippocampal and Deep Gray Matter Nuclei Atrophy Is Relevant for Explaining Cognitive Impairment in MS: A Multicenter Study
27686487|a|The structural MR imaging correlates of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis are still debated. This study assessed lesional and atrophy measures of white matter and gray matter involvement in patients with MS acquired in 7 European sites to identify the MR imaging variables most closely associated with cognitive dysfunction. Brain dual-echo, 3D T1-weighted, and double inversion recovery scans were acquired at 3T from 62 patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 65 controls. Patients with at least 2 neuropsychological tests with abnormal findings were considered cognitively impaired. Focal WM and cortical lesions were identified, and volumetric measures from WM, cortical GM, the hippocampus, and deep GM nuclei were obtained. Age - and site -adjusted models were used to compare lesion and volumetric MR imaging variables between patients with MS who were cognitively impaired and cognitively preserved. A multivariate analysis identified MR imaging variables associated with cognitive scores and disability. Twenty-three patients (38%) were cognitively impaired. Compared with those with who were cognitively preserved, patients with MS with cognitive impairment had higher T2 and T1 lesion volumes and a trend toward a higher number of cortical lesions. Significant brain, cortical GM, hippocampal, deep GM nuclei, and WM atrophy was found in patients with MS with cognitive impairment versus those who were cognitively preserved. Hippocampal and deep GM nuclei atrophy were the best predictors of cognitive impairment, while WM atrophy was the best predictor of disability. Hippocampal and deep GM nuclei atrophy are key factors associated with cognitive impairment in MS. These MR imaging measures could be applied in a multicenter context, with cognition as clinical outcome.
27686487	0	11	Hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27686487	16	32	Deep Gray Matter	T024	C0018220
27686487	33	39	Nuclei	T026	C0007610
27686487	40	47	Atrophy	T046	C0333641
27686487	75	95	Cognitive Impairment	T048	C0338656
27686487	99	101	MS	T047	C0026769
27686487	105	122	Multicenter Study	T062	C1096776
27686487	127	148	structural MR imaging	T060	C0024485
27686487	163	183	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27686487	187	205	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27686487	230	235	study	T062	C1096776
27686487	245	253	lesional	T033	C0221198
27686487	258	265	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27686487	266	274	measures	T081	C0079809
27686487	278	290	white matter	T024	C0682708
27686487	295	306	gray matter	T024	C0018220
27686487	307	318	involvement	T169	C1314939
27686487	322	330	patients	T101	C0030705
27686487	336	338	MS	T047	C0026769
27686487	353	367	European sites	T083	C0015176
27686487	384	394	MR imaging	T060	C0024485
27686487	418	433	associated with	T080	C0332281
27686487	434	455	cognitive dysfunction	T048	C0338656
27686487	457	462	Brain	T023	C0006104
27686487	463	472	dual-echo	T060	C0011923
27686487	474	488	3D T1-weighted	T060	C0011923
27686487	494	525	double inversion recovery scans	T060	C0441633
27686487	543	545	3T	T060	C2985394
27686487	554	562	patients	T101	C0030705
27686487	588	590	MS	T047	C0026769
27686487	598	606	controls	T096	C0009932
27686487	608	616	Patients	T101	C0030705
27686487	633	657	neuropsychological tests	T060	C0027902
27686487	663	680	abnormal findings	T033	C2826279
27686487	697	717	cognitively impaired	T048	C0338656
27686487	725	727	WM	T024	C0682708
27686487	732	740	cortical	T023	C0007776
27686487	741	748	lesions	T033	C0221198
27686487	770	780	volumetric	T082	C0445383
27686487	781	789	measures	T081	C0079809
27686487	795	797	WM	T024	C0682708
27686487	799	807	cortical	T023	C0007776
27686487	808	810	GM	T024	C0018220
27686487	816	827	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27686487	833	840	deep GM	T024	C0018220
27686487	841	847	nuclei	T026	C0007610
27686487	863	866	Age	T032	C0001779
27686487	873	877	site	T082	C0205145
27686487	888	894	models	T075	C0026336
27686487	908	915	compare	T052	C1707455
27686487	916	922	lesion	T033	C0221198
27686487	927	937	volumetric	T082	C0445383
27686487	938	948	MR imaging	T060	C0024485
27686487	967	975	patients	T101	C0030705
27686487	981	983	MS	T047	C0026769
27686487	993	1013	cognitively impaired	T048	C0338656
27686487	1018	1039	cognitively preserved	T033	C3808562
27686487	1043	1064	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27686487	1076	1086	MR imaging	T060	C0024485
27686487	1097	1112	associated with	T080	C0332281
27686487	1113	1129	cognitive scores	T081	C0449820
27686487	1134	1144	disability	T048	C0338656
27686487	1159	1167	patients	T101	C0030705
27686487	1179	1199	cognitively impaired	T048	C0338656
27686487	1201	1209	Compared	T052	C1707455
27686487	1235	1256	cognitively preserved	T033	C3808562
27686487	1258	1266	patients	T101	C0030705
27686487	1272	1274	MS	T047	C0026769
27686487	1280	1300	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27686487	1312	1314	T2	T060	C0011923
27686487	1319	1321	T1	T060	C0011923
27686487	1322	1328	lesion	T033	C0221198
27686487	1329	1336	volumes	T081	C0449468
27686487	1375	1383	cortical	T023	C0007776
27686487	1384	1391	lesions	T033	C0221198
27686487	1405	1410	brain	T023	C0006104
27686487	1412	1420	cortical	T023	C0007776
27686487	1421	1423	GM	T024	C0018220
27686487	1425	1436	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27686487	1438	1445	deep GM	T024	C0018220
27686487	1446	1452	nuclei	T026	C0007610
27686487	1458	1460	WM	T024	C0682708
27686487	1461	1468	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27686487	1482	1490	patients	T101	C0030705
27686487	1496	1498	MS	T047	C0026769
27686487	1504	1524	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27686487	1547	1568	cognitively preserved	T033	C3808562
27686487	1570	1581	Hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27686487	1586	1593	deep GM	T024	C0018220
27686487	1594	1600	nuclei	T026	C0007610
27686487	1601	1608	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27686487	1623	1633	predictors	T078	C2698872
27686487	1637	1657	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27686487	1665	1667	WM	T024	C0682708
27686487	1668	1675	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27686487	1689	1698	predictor	T078	C2698872
27686487	1702	1712	disability	T048	C0338656
27686487	1714	1725	Hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27686487	1730	1737	deep GM	T024	C0018220
27686487	1738	1744	nuclei	T026	C0007610
27686487	1745	1752	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27686487	1761	1768	factors	T169	C1521761
27686487	1769	1784	associated with	T080	C0332281
27686487	1785	1805	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27686487	1809	1811	MS	T047	C0026769
27686487	1819	1829	MR imaging	T060	C0024485
27686487	1830	1838	measures	T081	C0079809
27686487	1861	1872	multicenter	T062	C1096776
27686487	1873	1880	context	T078	C0449255
27686487	1887	1896	cognition	T041	C0009240
27686487	1900	1908	clinical	T080	C0205210
27686487	1909	1916	outcome	T169	C1274040

27686752|t|Patient Satisfaction with Pharmacist -Led Collaborative Follow-Up Care in an Ambulatory Rheumatology Clinic
27686752|a|Patient satisfaction is known to increase with pharmacist intervention in general outpatient clinics and with nurse-led care in rheumatology clinics. The aim of the present study was to describe and compare patient satisfaction with two different types of care: a pharmacist physician collaborative model and a traditional physician model in a rheumatology clinic setting. A cross-sectional survey of inflammatory arthritis patients seen during a follow-up visit in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, was conducted over a ten-week period. Patient satisfaction was measured using a modified version of the validated Leeds Satisfaction Questionnaire, which uses a five-point Likert scale to measure six dimensions of satisfaction, and compared between the collaborative care and traditional physician models. A total of 62 patients completed the questionnaire (21 collaborative care and 41 traditional physician model). The average age of respondents was 52 years and the majority were female. The mean score for satisfaction across the six dimensions was 4.56 in the collaborative care group and 4.30 in the traditional physician group (p = 0.02). Patient satisfaction in the collaborative care group was consistently higher across all dimensions. No difference was noted between participants seen for the first time compared with those seen two or more times by the pharmacist. A collaborative care model can exceed the already high expectations for care of patients with inflammatory arthritis. Our findings support the role of pharmacists using a collaborative care approach to care for patients in rheumatology clinics.
27686752	0	20	Patient Satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27686752	26	36	Pharmacist	T097	C0031323
27686752	42	55	Collaborative	T054	C0282116
27686752	56	70	Follow-Up Care	T058	C3899107
27686752	77	87	Ambulatory	T078	C1561561
27686752	88	107	Rheumatology Clinic	T073,T093	C3812871
27686752	108	128	Patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27686752	155	165	pharmacist	T097	C0031323
27686752	166	178	intervention	T061	C0184661
27686752	182	208	general outpatient clinics	T073,T093	C0029916
27686752	218	232	nurse-led care	T058	C0086584
27686752	236	256	rheumatology clinics	T073,T093	C3812871
27686752	315	335	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27686752	364	368	care	T058	C0017313
27686752	372	382	pharmacist	T097	C0031323
27686752	383	392	physician	T097	C0031831
27686752	393	412	collaborative model	T170	C0596657
27686752	419	446	traditional physician model	T170	C0596657
27686752	452	471	rheumatology clinic	T073,T093	C3812871
27686752	483	505	cross-sectional survey	T062	C0010362
27686752	509	531	inflammatory arthritis	T047	C0003864
27686752	532	540	patients	T101	C0030705
27686752	555	570	follow-up visit	T058	C0589121
27686752	574	582	Edmonton	UnknownType	C0681784
27686752	584	591	Alberta	UnknownType	C0681784
27686752	593	599	Canada	T083	C0006823
27686752	622	637	ten-week period	T062	C2347804
27686752	639	659	Patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27686752	715	747	Leeds Satisfaction Questionnaire	T058	C4039173
27686752	773	785	Likert scale	T170	C0451267
27686752	797	811	six dimensions	T082	C0454192
27686752	815	827	satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27686752	854	872	collaborative care	T058	C0086388
27686752	877	905	traditional physician models	T170	C0596657
27686752	921	929	patients	T101	C0030705
27686752	944	957	questionnaire	T170	C1879301
27686752	962	980	collaborative care	T058	C0086388
27686752	988	1015	traditional physician model	T170	C0596657
27686752	1037	1048	respondents	T098	C0282122
27686752	1084	1090	female	T032	C0086287
27686752	1096	1123	mean score for satisfaction	T170	C0451370
27686752	1135	1149	six dimensions	T082	C0454192
27686752	1166	1190	collaborative care group	T093	C1273804
27686752	1207	1234	traditional physician group	T097	C0031831
27686752	1247	1267	Patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27686752	1275	1299	collaborative care group	T093	C1273804
27686752	1347	1360	No difference	T033	C3842396
27686752	1379	1391	participants	T098	C0679646
27686752	1466	1476	pharmacist	T097	C0031323
27686752	1480	1504	collaborative care model	T170	C0596657
27686752	1528	1545	high expectations	T078	C0679138
27686752	1550	1566	care of patients	T058	C0030677
27686752	1572	1594	inflammatory arthritis	T047	C0003864
27686752	1629	1640	pharmacists	T097	C0031323
27686752	1649	1667	collaborative care	T058	C0086388
27686752	1680	1697	care for patients	T058	C0030677
27686752	1701	1721	rheumatology clinics	T073,T093	C3812871

27686952|t|Predicting violence and recidivism in a large sample of males on probation or parole
27686952|a|This study evaluated the utility of items and scales from the Iowa Violence and Victimization Instrument in a sample of 1961 males from the state of Iowa who were on probation or released from prison to parole supervision. This is the first study to examine the potential of the Iowa Violence and Victimization Instrument to predict criminal offenses. The males were followed for 30 months immediately following their admission to probation or parole. AUC analyses indicated fair to good predictive power for the Iowa Violence and Victimization Instrument for charges of violence and victimization, but chance predictive power for drug offenses. Notably, both scales of the instrument performed equally well at the 30- month follow-up. Items on the Iowa Violence and Victimization Instrument not only predicted violence, but are straightforward to score. Violence management strategies are discussed as they relate to the current findings, including the potential to expand the measure to other jurisdictions and populations.
27686952	0	10	Predicting	T078	C0681842
27686952	11	19	violence	T048	C0042693
27686952	24	34	recidivism	T055	C0680458
27686952	56	61	males	T032	C0086582
27686952	65	74	probation	T089	C0687758
27686952	78	84	parole	T089	C0814701
27686952	90	95	study	T062	C2603343
27686952	96	105	evaluated	T078	C1550157
27686952	147	151	Iowa	T083	C0022037
27686952	152	160	Violence	T048	C0042693
27686952	165	178	Victimization	T068	C0376695
27686952	179	189	Instrument	T170	C0038951
27686952	210	215	males	T032	C0086582
27686952	234	238	Iowa	T083	C0022037
27686952	251	260	probation	T089	C0687758
27686952	264	284	released from prison	T033	C0425147
27686952	288	294	parole	T089	C0814701
27686952	295	306	supervision	T057	C1273870
27686952	326	331	study	T062	C2603343
27686952	347	356	potential	T080	C3245505
27686952	364	368	Iowa	T083	C0022037
27686952	369	377	Violence	T048	C0042693
27686952	382	395	Victimization	T068	C0376695
27686952	396	406	Instrument	T170	C0038951
27686952	410	417	predict	T078	C0681842
27686952	418	435	criminal offenses	UnknownType	C0680468
27686952	441	446	males	T032	C0086582
27686952	468	474	months	T079	C0439231
27686952	503	512	admission	T079	C0457453
27686952	516	525	probation	T089	C0687758
27686952	529	535	parole	T089	C0814701
27686952	537	540	AUC	T081	C0376690
27686952	541	549	analyses	T062	C0936012
27686952	573	583	predictive	T080	C0681890
27686952	598	602	Iowa	T083	C0022037
27686952	603	611	Violence	T048	C0042693
27686952	616	629	Victimization	T068	C0376695
27686952	630	640	Instrument	T170	C0038951
27686952	656	664	violence	T048	C0042693
27686952	669	682	victimization	T068	C0376695
27686952	695	705	predictive	T080	C0681890
27686952	716	729	drug offenses	UnknownType	C0680484
27686952	759	769	instrument	T170	C0038951
27686952	804	809	month	T079	C0439231
27686952	810	819	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27686952	834	838	Iowa	T083	C0022037
27686952	839	847	Violence	T048	C0042693
27686952	852	865	Victimization	T068	C0376695
27686952	866	876	Instrument	T170	C0038951
27686952	886	895	predicted	T078	C0681842
27686952	896	904	violence	T048	C0042693
27686952	940	948	Violence	T048	C0042693
27686952	1007	1014	current	T079	C0521116
27686952	1015	1023	findings	T169	C2607943
27686952	1039	1048	potential	T080	C3245505
27686952	1052	1058	expand	T082	C0205229
27686952	1080	1093	jurisdictions	T170	C0680647
27686952	1098	1109	populations	T098	C1257890

27687042|t|Simvastatin enhances the hippocampal klotho in a rat model of streptozotocin - induced cognitive decline
27687042|a|Brain oxidative status is a crucial factor in the development of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Klotho, an anti-aging protein, diminishes oxidative stress by the induction of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Thus, the substances that increase klotho expression could be considered as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease when the oxidative imbalance is present. Statins are suggested to up-regulate klotho expression. We examined the effect of simvastatin (5mg/kg, daily for 3 weeks) on hippocampal klotho and MnSOD expression in the cognitive declined animal model induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV)- streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Cognitive assessment was performed by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. The results indicated that mean escape latency and distance were prolonged in the ICV - STZ group compared with the control group. The expression of klotho and MnSOD were also down regulated in the hippocampus. Furthermore, improved spatial performance was observed in simvastatin - treated animals. This effect could be related to increase in oxidative stress tolerance as evidenced by klotho and MnSOD up-regulation. Our current study indicates that klotho upregulation may be a neuroprotective mechanism of simvastatin against cognitive decline in AD.
27687042	0	11	Simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27687042	12	20	enhances	T052	C2349975
27687042	25	36	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27687042	37	43	klotho	T116,T192	C0667394
27687042	49	52	rat	T015	C0034721
27687042	53	58	model	T050	C0012644
27687042	62	76	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
27687042	79	86	induced	T169	C0205263
27687042	87	104	cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
27687042	105	110	Brain	T023	C0006104
27687042	111	127	oxidative status	T080	C0449438
27687042	141	147	factor	T169	C1521761
27687042	155	166	development	T169	C1527148
27687042	170	178	sporadic	T079	C0205422
27687042	179	198	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27687042	200	202	AD	T047	C0002395
27687042	205	211	Klotho	T116,T192	C0667394
27687042	216	234	anti-aging protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27687042	236	246	diminishes	T081	C0205216
27687042	247	263	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27687042	271	280	induction	T169	C0205263
27687042	284	314	manganese superoxide dismutase	T116,T126	C0024708
27687042	316	321	MnSOD	T116,T126	C0024708
27687042	334	344	substances	T167	C0439861
27687042	350	358	increase	T169	C0442805
27687042	359	365	klotho	T116,T192	C0667394
27687042	366	376	expression	T045	C1171362
27687042	412	421	treatment	T061	C0087111
27687042	426	445	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27687042	455	474	oxidative imbalance	T049	C0242606
27687042	487	494	Statins	T109,T121	C0360714
27687042	512	523	up-regulate	T044	C0041904
27687042	524	530	klotho	T116,T192	C0667394
27687042	531	541	expression	T045	C1171362
27687042	559	565	effect	T080	C1280500
27687042	569	580	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27687042	590	595	daily	T079	C0332173
27687042	602	607	weeks	T079	C0439230
27687042	612	623	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27687042	624	630	klotho	T116,T192	C0667394
27687042	635	640	MnSOD	T116,T126	C0024708
27687042	641	651	expression	T045	C1171362
27687042	659	677	cognitive declined	T046	C0234985
27687042	678	690	animal model	T050	C0012644
27687042	691	698	induced	T169	C0205263
27687042	702	725	intracerebroventricular	T082	C0595818
27687042	727	730	ICV	T082	C0595818
27687042	733	747	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
27687042	749	752	STZ	T109,T195	C0038432
27687042	754	768	administration	T061	C1533734
27687042	770	790	Cognitive assessment	T060	C0870300
27687042	812	840	Morris Water Maze (MWM) test	T170	C0871098
27687042	869	888	mean escape latency	T081	C0392762
27687042	893	901	distance	T081	C0012751
27687042	907	916	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27687042	924	927	ICV	T082	C0595818
27687042	930	933	STZ	T109,T195	C0038432
27687042	934	939	group	T078	C0441833
27687042	958	971	control group	T096	C0009932
27687042	977	987	expression	T045	C1171362
27687042	991	997	klotho	T116,T192	C0667394
27687042	1002	1007	MnSOD	T116,T126	C0024708
27687042	1018	1032	down regulated	T044	C0013081
27687042	1040	1051	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27687042	1075	1094	spatial performance	T052	C1882330
27687042	1111	1122	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27687042	1125	1132	treated	T169	C1522326
27687042	1133	1140	animals	T008	C0003062
27687042	1147	1153	effect	T080	C1280500
27687042	1174	1182	increase	T169	C0442805
27687042	1186	1202	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27687042	1203	1212	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27687042	1229	1235	klotho	T116,T192	C0667394
27687042	1240	1245	MnSOD	T116,T126	C0024708
27687042	1246	1259	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27687042	1294	1300	klotho	T116,T192	C0667394
27687042	1301	1313	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27687042	1323	1348	neuroprotective mechanism	T169	C0441712
27687042	1352	1363	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
27687042	1372	1389	cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
27687042	1393	1395	AD	T047	C0002395

27687951|t|Inter-observer agreement for clinical examinations of foot lesions of sheep
27687951|a|In sheep, the diagnosis of foot lesions is routinely based on physical examination of the hoof. Correct diagnosis is important for the effective treatment, prevention and control of both infectious and non-infectious causes of lameness. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the level of inter-observer agreement for clinical examination of ovine foot lesions. Eight observers of varying experience, training and occupation performed foot examinations on a total of 1158 sheep from 38 farms across North England and Wales. On each farm, a group of two to four observers independently examined a sample of 24 to 30 sheep to diagnose the presence or absence of specific foot lesions including white line lesions (WL), contagious ovine digital dermatitis (CODD), footrot (FR), inter-digital dermatitis (ID) and toe granuloma (TG). The inter-observer agreement of foot lesion assessments was examined using Fleiss kappa (κ), and Cohen's κ examined the paired agreement between the test standard observer (TSO) and each observer. Scoring differences with the TSO were examined as the percentage of scoring errors and assessed for evidence of systematic scoring bias. With the exception of WL (maximum error rate 33.3%), few scoring differences with the TSO occurred (maximum error rate 3.3%). This suggests that observers can achieve good levels of reliability when diagnosing most of the commonly observed foot conditions associated with lameness in sheep.
27687951	0	24	Inter-observer agreement	T054	C0680240
27687951	29	50	clinical examinations	T058	C0031809
27687951	54	66	foot lesions	T033	C0744147
27687951	70	75	sheep	T015	C0036945
27687951	79	84	sheep	T015	C0036945
27687951	90	99	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27687951	103	115	foot lesions	T033	C0744147
27687951	138	158	physical examination	T058	C0031809
27687951	166	170	hoof	T023	C0019908
27687951	180	189	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27687951	211	220	effective	T080	C1704419
27687951	221	230	treatment	T169	C0039798
27687951	232	242	prevention	T169	C1292733
27687951	247	254	control	T067	C2239193
27687951	293	299	causes	T169	C0015127
27687951	303	311	lameness	T184	C0022976
27687951	375	399	inter-observer agreement	T054	C0680240
27687951	404	424	clinical examination	T058	C0031809
27687951	428	433	ovine	T015	C1123019
27687951	434	446	foot lesions	T033	C0744147
27687951	454	463	observers	T096	C0870992
27687951	467	485	varying experience	T033	C0557355
27687951	487	495	training	T065	C0220931
27687951	500	510	occupation	T090	C0028811
27687951	511	520	performed	T169	C0884358
27687951	521	538	foot examinations	T060	C0419882
27687951	558	563	sheep	T015	C0036945
27687951	572	577	farms	T082	C0557759
27687951	585	598	North England	T083	C0014282
27687951	603	608	Wales	T083	C0043015
27687951	618	622	farm	T082	C0557759
27687951	626	631	group	T078	C0441833
27687951	647	656	observers	T096	C0870992
27687951	671	679	examined	T033	C0332128
27687951	682	688	sample	T077	C2347026
27687951	701	706	sheep	T015	C0036945
27687951	710	718	diagnose	T033	C0011900
27687951	723	731	presence	T033	C0150312
27687951	735	742	absence	T169	C0332197
27687951	746	754	specific	T080	C0205369
27687951	755	767	foot lesions	T033	C0744147
27687951	778	788	white line	T023	C1299720
27687951	789	796	lesions	T033	C0221198
27687951	798	800	WL	T033	C0221198
27687951	803	838	contagious ovine digital dermatitis	T047	C2936324
27687951	840	844	CODD	T047	C2936324
27687951	847	854	footrot	T047	C3825329
27687951	856	858	FR	T047	C3825329
27687951	861	885	inter-digital dermatitis	T047	C3670859
27687951	887	889	ID	T047	C3670859
27687951	895	898	toe	T023	C0040357
27687951	899	908	granuloma	T046	C0018188
27687951	910	912	TG	T046	C0018188
27687951	919	943	inter-observer agreement	T054	C0680240
27687951	947	958	foot lesion	T033	C0744147
27687951	959	970	assessments	T058	C1261322
27687951	975	983	examined	T033	C0332128
27687951	990	1002	Fleiss kappa	T081	C0392762
27687951	1004	1005	κ	T081	C0392762
27687951	1012	1021	Cohen's κ	T081	C0392762
27687951	1022	1030	examined	T033	C0332128
27687951	1035	1051	paired agreement	T054	C0680240
27687951	1064	1086	test standard observer	T096	C0870992
27687951	1088	1091	TSO	T096	C0870992
27687951	1102	1110	observer	T096	C0870992
27687951	1112	1119	Scoring	T081	C0449820
27687951	1120	1131	differences	T080	C1705242
27687951	1141	1144	TSO	T096	C0870992
27687951	1150	1158	examined	T033	C0332128
27687951	1166	1176	percentage	T081	C0439165
27687951	1180	1194	scoring errors	T081	C0681899
27687951	1199	1207	assessed	T052	C1516048
27687951	1224	1247	systematic scoring bias	T078	C0005351
27687951	1271	1273	WL	T033	C0221198
27687951	1283	1288	error	T080	C0743559
27687951	1289	1293	rate	T081	C1521828
27687951	1306	1313	scoring	T081	C0449820
27687951	1314	1325	differences	T080	C1705242
27687951	1335	1338	TSO	T096	C0870992
27687951	1339	1347	occurred	T052	C1709305
27687951	1357	1362	error	T080	C0743559
27687951	1363	1367	rate	T081	C1521828
27687951	1394	1403	observers	T096	C0870992
27687951	1431	1442	reliability	T081	C2347947
27687951	1448	1458	diagnosing	T062	C1704656
27687951	1489	1493	foot	T023	C0016504
27687951	1494	1504	conditions	T080	C0348080
27687951	1505	1520	associated with	T080	C0332281
27687951	1521	1529	lameness	T184	C0022976
27687951	1533	1538	sheep	T015	C0036945

27688111|t|Prognostic significance of non-HPV16 genotypes in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
27688111|a|Recent studies have found that cases with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) positive for HPV16 genotype have better overall survival compared with cases positive for other HPV genotypes. We sought to further replicate these studies and determine if this relationship is modified by expression of p16 tumor suppressor protein. We identified 238 OPSCC cases from the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study (CHANCE) study, a population based case-control study. Tumors that tested positive solely for HPV16 genotype and no other genotypes with PCR were classified as HPV16-positive. Tumors positive for any other high-risk HPV genotype were classified as non-HPV16-positive. Expression of p16 in the tumor was determined with immunohistochemistry. Follow-up time was calculated from the date of diagnosis to date of death or December 31, 2013. Overall survival was compared with the Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HR) adjusted for smoking, alcohol use, sex, race, and age was calculated with the Cox proportional hazard regression. Cases with HPV16-positive OPSCC had better overall survival than cases with non-HPV16-positive OPSCC (log-rank p-value: 0.010). When restricted to OPSCC cases positive for p16 expression, the same trend continued (log-rank p-value: 0.002). In the adjusted model, cases with non-HPV16-positive OPSCC had greater risk of death compared to cases with HPV16-positive tumors (HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.03, 3.60). This finding indicates that HPV genotyping carries valuable prognostic significance in addition to p16 status and future survival studies of OPSCC should take into account differing HPV genotypes.
27688111	0	23	Prognostic significance	T201	C1514474
27688111	27	46	non-HPV16 genotypes	T032	C0017431
27688111	50	87	oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0280313
27688111	130	167	oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0280313
27688111	169	174	OPSCC	T191	C0280313
27688111	176	184	positive	T034	C4288937
27688111	189	203	HPV16 genotype	T114,T123	C3872681
27688111	209	215	better	T080	C0332272
27688111	216	232	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27688111	233	241	compared	T052	C1707455
27688111	272	285	HPV genotypes	T114,T123	C0807283
27688111	308	317	replicate	T080	C1883725
27688111	370	381	modified by	T080	C0205349
27688111	382	392	expression	T045	C1171362
27688111	396	424	p16 tumor suppressor protein	T116,T123	C0249880
27688111	444	449	OPSCC	T191	C0280313
27688111	465	500	Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study	T062	C1516225
27688111	502	508	CHANCE	T062	C1516225
27688111	519	554	population based case-control study	T062	C1709599
27688111	556	562	Tumors	T191	C0027651
27688111	575	590	positive solely	T034	C4288937
27688111	595	609	HPV16 genotype	T114,T123	C3872681
27688111	623	632	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27688111	638	641	PCR	T063	C0032520
27688111	647	657	classified	T185	C0008902
27688111	661	675	HPV16-positive	T034	C4288937
27688111	677	683	Tumors	T191	C0027651
27688111	684	696	positive for	T034	C4288937
27688111	707	716	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27688111	717	729	HPV genotype	T114,T123	C3872595
27688111	735	745	classified	T185	C0008902
27688111	749	767	non-HPV16-positive	T034	C4288937
27688111	769	779	Expression	T045	C1171362
27688111	783	786	p16	T116,T123	C0249880
27688111	794	799	tumor	T191	C0027651
27688111	804	814	determined	T080	C0521095
27688111	820	840	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27688111	881	898	date of diagnosis	T079	C2316983
27688111	902	915	date of death	T079	C1148348
27688111	938	954	Overall survival	T081	C4086681
27688111	977	996	Kaplan-Meier curves	T081	C1720944
27688111	1001	1014	log-rank test	T081	C0242928
27688111	1016	1029	Hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27688111	1031	1033	HR	T081	C2985465
27688111	1048	1055	smoking	T055	C0037369
27688111	1057	1068	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27688111	1070	1073	sex	T032	C0079399
27688111	1075	1079	race	T098	C0034510
27688111	1085	1088	age	T032	C0001779
27688111	1113	1147	Cox proportional hazard regression	T081,T170	C0010235
27688111	1160	1174	HPV16-positive	T034	C4288937
27688111	1175	1180	OPSCC	T191	C0280313
27688111	1185	1191	better	T080	C0332272
27688111	1192	1208	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27688111	1225	1243	non-HPV16-positive	T034	C4288937
27688111	1244	1249	OPSCC	T191	C0280313
27688111	1296	1301	OPSCC	T191	C0280313
27688111	1308	1316	positive	T033	C1446409
27688111	1321	1335	p16 expression	T045	C1171362
27688111	1346	1351	trend	T079	C1521798
27688111	1423	1441	non-HPV16-positive	T034	C4288937
27688111	1442	1447	OPSCC	T191	C0280313
27688111	1452	1467	greater risk of	T033	C0332167
27688111	1468	1473	death	T033	C1306577
27688111	1497	1511	HPV16-positive	T034	C4288937
27688111	1512	1518	tumors	T191	C0027651
27688111	1520	1522	HR	T081	C2985465
27688111	1556	1563	finding	T033	C0243095
27688111	1564	1573	indicates	T033	C1444656
27688111	1579	1582	HPV	T005	C0021344
27688111	1583	1593	genotyping	T059	C2368152
27688111	1602	1634	valuable prognostic significance	T201	C1514474
27688111	1650	1653	p16	T116,T123	C0249880
27688111	1654	1660	status	T080	C0449438
27688111	1692	1697	OPSCC	T191	C0280313
27688111	1733	1746	HPV genotypes	T114,T123	C0807283

27688320|t|Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Orion Strain CRJJGF_00093 (Phylum Gammaproteobacteria)
27688320|a|Here, we report a 4.70-Mbp draft genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Orion strain CRJJGF_00093, isolated from a dog in 2005.
27688320	0	21	Draft Genome Sequence	T086	C0162326
27688320	25	94	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Orion Strain CRJJGF_00093	T007	C1275777
27688320	96	102	Phylum	T185	C1709533
27688320	103	122	Gammaproteobacteria	T007	C0751988
27688320	133	139	report	T170	C0684224
27688320	151	172	draft genome sequence	T086	C0162326
27688320	176	245	Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Orion strain CRJJGF_00093	T007	C1275777
27688320	247	255	isolated	T169	C0205409
27688320	263	266	dog	T015	C0012984

27688423|t|Evaluation of Periodontal Parameters in Patients with Early Stage Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
27688423|a|To assess periodontal conditions in patients with early stage CLL and to compare it with the periodontal status of age matched healthy controls and to analyze the relationship between periodontal and hematological parameters in CLL patients. 60 subjects were examined: 30 patients with CLL Rai 0 (test group) and 30 age -matching healthy individuals (control group). The exclusion criteria were: presence of other systemic disease or condition (e.g. diabetes), history of treatment for periodontitis, use of antibiotics during the last 3 months, use of medications. Socio-demographic data were obtained by means of a questionnaire. Participants with at least 8 teeth underwent a full mouth examination assessing API, PBI, PPD, REC and CAL. Medical data for CLL patients were collected from the patients' records, while hematological data were obtained from the hemogram. Difference between groups was statistically significant for age, number of teeth and frequency of dental checkups (p<0.05). Patients with CLL had significantly higher average values of periodontal indices (API 0.81±0.18; PBI 2.72±0.68; PPD 3.40±0.53; REC 1.95±0.87, CAL 4.37±0.80) compared to the control group (API 0.69±0.15; PBI 1.91±0.45; PPD 2.51±0.40; REC 0.99±0.54; CAL 3.00±0.58). The correlation coefficients between age and periodontal indices showed statistically significance between age and REC (r=0.357; p<0.01), and age and CAL (r=0.295; p<0.05). Age was not statistically significant covariate for CAL (F=2.205; p>0.05), only for REC (F=4.601; p<0.05). After the removal of the statistical effect of age, the difference in REC between CLL and control group remained statistically significant (F=19.732; p<0.01; eta(2)=0.287). Statistically significant association between periodontal and hematological parameters in CLL patients was not found (p>0.05). The results of this study showed that patients with CLL had worse periodontal status compared to healthy subjects. Causal relationship between periodontal and hematological parameters was not proved.
27688423	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27688423	14	25	Periodontal	T080	C0332275
27688423	26	36	Parameters	T033	C0449381
27688423	40	48	Patients	T101	C0030705
27688423	54	65	Early Stage	T185	C1517886
27688423	66	94	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	T191	C0023434
27688423	105	116	periodontal	T080	C0332275
27688423	117	127	conditions	T080	C0348080
27688423	131	139	patients	T101	C0030705
27688423	145	156	early stage	T185	C1517886
27688423	157	160	CLL	T191	C0023434
27688423	188	199	periodontal	T080	C0332275
27688423	210	213	age	T032	C0001779
27688423	222	238	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27688423	279	290	periodontal	T080	C0332275
27688423	295	308	hematological	T169	C0205488
27688423	309	319	parameters	T033	C0449381
27688423	323	326	CLL	T191	C0023434
27688423	327	335	patients	T101	C0030705
27688423	340	348	subjects	T098	C0080105
27688423	367	375	patients	T101	C0030705
27688423	381	384	CLL	T191	C0023434
27688423	392	402	test group	T098	C1257890
27688423	411	414	age	T032	C0001779
27688423	425	432	healthy	T080	C3898900
27688423	433	444	individuals	T098	C0237401
27688423	446	459	control group	T096	C0009932
27688423	466	484	exclusion criteria	T169	C0680251
27688423	518	525	disease	T047	C0012634
27688423	529	538	condition	T080	C0348080
27688423	545	553	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27688423	556	563	history	T033	C0262926
27688423	567	576	treatment	T061	C0087111
27688423	581	594	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
27688423	603	614	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27688423	633	639	months	T079	C0439231
27688423	648	659	medications	T121	C0013227
27688423	661	683	Socio-demographic data	T078	C1511726
27688423	712	725	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27688423	727	739	Participants	T098	C0679646
27688423	756	761	teeth	T023	C0040426
27688423	774	796	full mouth examination	T060	C0430022
27688423	807	810	API	T034	C1254360
27688423	812	815	PBI	T034	C1254360
27688423	817	820	PPD	T034	C1254360
27688423	822	825	REC	T034	C1254360
27688423	830	833	CAL	T034	C1254360
27688423	835	842	Medical	T169	C0205476
27688423	843	847	data	T078	C1511726
27688423	852	855	CLL	T191	C0023434
27688423	856	864	patients	T101	C0030705
27688423	889	906	patients' records	T170	C0025102
27688423	914	927	hematological	T169	C0205488
27688423	928	932	data	T078	C1511726
27688423	956	964	hemogram	T059	C0200631
27688423	985	991	groups	T098	C1257890
27688423	996	1009	statistically	T090	C0038215
27688423	1010	1021	significant	T078	C0750502
27688423	1026	1029	age	T032	C0001779
27688423	1041	1046	teeth	T023	C0040426
27688423	1051	1060	frequency	T079	C0439603
27688423	1064	1079	dental checkups	T060	C0750862
27688423	1090	1098	Patients	T101	C0030705
27688423	1104	1107	CLL	T191	C0023434
27688423	1133	1147	average values	T081	C0392762
27688423	1151	1170	periodontal indices	T034	C0031092
27688423	1172	1175	API	T034	C1254360
27688423	1187	1190	PBI	T034	C1254360
27688423	1202	1205	PPD	T034	C1254360
27688423	1217	1220	REC	T034	C1254360
27688423	1232	1235	CAL	T034	C1254360
27688423	1263	1276	control group	T096	C0009932
27688423	1278	1281	API	T034	C1254360
27688423	1293	1296	PBI	T034	C1254360
27688423	1308	1311	PPD	T034	C1254360
27688423	1323	1326	REC	T034	C1254360
27688423	1338	1341	CAL	T034	C1254360
27688423	1358	1369	correlation	T080	C1707520
27688423	1370	1382	coefficients	T081	C1707429
27688423	1391	1394	age	T032	C0001779
27688423	1399	1418	periodontal indices	T034	C0031092
27688423	1426	1439	statistically	T090	C0038215
27688423	1461	1464	age	T032	C0001779
27688423	1469	1472	REC	T034	C1254360
27688423	1496	1499	age	T032	C0001779
27688423	1504	1507	CAL	T034	C1254360
27688423	1527	1530	Age	T032	C0001779
27688423	1539	1552	statistically	T090	C0038215
27688423	1579	1582	CAL	T034	C1254360
27688423	1611	1614	REC	T034	C1254360
27688423	1659	1677	statistical effect	T081	C0392762
27688423	1681	1684	age	T032	C0001779
27688423	1704	1707	REC	T034	C1254360
27688423	1716	1719	CLL	T191	C0023434
27688423	1724	1737	control group	T096	C0009932
27688423	1747	1760	statistically	T090	C0038215
27688423	1807	1820	Statistically	T090	C0038215
27688423	1853	1864	periodontal	T080	C0332275
27688423	1869	1882	hematological	T169	C0205488
27688423	1883	1893	parameters	T033	C0449381
27688423	1897	1900	CLL	T191	C0023434
27688423	1901	1909	patients	T101	C0030705
27688423	1938	1945	results	T169	C1274040
27688423	1954	1959	study	T062	C2603343
27688423	1972	1980	patients	T101	C0030705
27688423	1986	1989	CLL	T191	C0023434
27688423	2000	2011	periodontal	T080	C0332275
27688423	2031	2047	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27688423	2077	2088	periodontal	T080	C0332275
27688423	2093	2106	hematological	T169	C0205488
27688423	2107	2117	parameters	T033	C0449381

27688460|t|Experience of Varied Presentation of Chronic Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis in Immunocompetent Patients: A Diagnostic Conundrum
27688460|a|We report two cases of chronic progressive disseminated histoplasmosis with unusual and rare clinical picture in a patient with no underlying risk factor. One 50-year-old male, presented with hoarseness of voice, chronic cough, with a history of nonresponding anti-tubercular therapy, revealed mucocutaneous lesions on examination. Fungating vocal cord lesions were visualized on bronchoscopy, raised suspicion of carcinoma. The second case, a 22-year- old female, referred to hospital with suspected vasculitis, with complaints of "off and on" fever with decreased oral intake, arthralgia, who later developed generalized nodular skin eruptions. On investigation, human immunodeficiency virus test was found to be negative in both the cases. Histopathological findings of skin biopsy, adrenal and bone marrow aspirates raised suspicion, whereas fungal cultures confirmed Histoplasma infection. Although diagnosis was delayed, but both of them were successfully treated with amphotericin B.
27688460	21	33	Presentation	T078	C0449450
27688460	37	44	Chronic	T079	C0205191
27688460	45	84	Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis	T047	C0343900
27688460	88	103	Immunocompetent	T201	C1512656
27688460	104	112	Patients	T101	C0030705
27688460	116	126	Diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27688460	193	207	histoplasmosis	T047	C0019655
27688460	213	220	unusual	T080	C2700116
27688460	225	229	rare	T080	C0522498
27688460	230	246	clinical picture	T201	C0683325
27688460	252	259	patient	T101	C0030705
27688460	279	290	risk factor	T033	C0850664
27688460	308	312	male	T032	C0086582
27688460	329	348	hoarseness of voice	T184	C0019825
27688460	350	363	chronic cough	T184	C0010201
27688460	383	396	nonresponding	UnknownType	C0184782
27688460	397	420	anti-tubercular therapy	T061	C0749724
27688460	431	444	mucocutaneous	T030	C0221941
27688460	445	452	lesions	T033	C0221198
27688460	469	478	Fungating	T047	C2609067
27688460	479	497	vocal cord lesions	T033	C0577903
27688460	517	529	bronchoscopy	T060	C0006290
27688460	538	547	suspicion	T041	C0242114
27688460	551	560	carcinoma	T191	C0007097
27688460	590	600	old female	T032	C0086287
27688460	614	622	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27688460	638	648	vasculitis	T047	C0042384
27688460	682	687	fever	T184	C0015967
27688460	693	714	decreased oral intake	T033	C1504561
27688460	716	726	arthralgia	T184	C0003862
27688460	748	759	generalized	T082	C0205246
27688460	760	782	nodular skin eruptions	T047	C0014743
27688460	787	800	investigation	T058	C0220825
27688460	802	835	human immunodeficiency virus test	T059	C1321876
27688460	852	860	negative	T033	C1513916
27688460	880	906	Histopathological findings	T034	C4086448
27688460	910	921	skin biopsy	T060	C0150866
27688460	923	930	adrenal	T024	C1515890
27688460	935	956	bone marrow aspirates	T031	C0857285
27688460	964	973	suspicion	T041	C0242114
27688460	983	998	fungal cultures	T059	C0200954
27688460	999	1008	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27688460	1009	1030	Histoplasma infection	T047	C0019655
27688460	1041	1050	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27688460	1055	1062	delayed	T079	C0205421
27688460	1086	1098	successfully	T080	C1272703
27688460	1099	1111	treated with	T061	C0332293
27688460	1112	1126	amphotericin B	T109,T195	C0002679

27688476|t|Optimization of Image Reconstruction for (90)Y Selective Internal Radiotherapy on a Lutetium Yttrium Orthosilicate PET/CT System Using a Bayesian Penalized Likelihood Reconstruction Algorithm
27688476|a|Imaging on a γ-camera with (90)Y after selective internal radiotherapy (SIRT) may allow for verification of treatment delivery but suffers relatively poor spatial resolution and imprecise dosimetry calculation. (90)Y PET/CT imaging is possible on 3-dimensional, time-of-flight machines; however, images are usually poor because of low count statistics and noise. A new PET reconstruction software using a Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithm (termed Q.Clear) was investigated using phantom and patient scans to optimize the reconstruction for post-SIRT imaging and clarify whether BPL leads to an improvement in clinical image quality using (90)Y. Methods: Phantom studies over an activity range of 0.5-4.2 GBq were performed to assess the contrast recovery, background variability, and contrast-to-noise ratio for a range of BPL and ordered-subset expectation maximization (OSEM) reconstructions on a PET/CT scanner. Patient images after SIRT were reconstructed using the same parameters and were scored and ranked on the basis of image quality, as assessed by visual evaluation, with the corresponding SPECT/CT Bremsstrahlung images by 2 experienced radiologists. Results: Contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly better in BPL reconstructions when compared with OSEM in phantom studies. The patient -derived BPL and matching Bremsstrahlung images scored higher than OSEM reconstructions when scored by radiologists. BPL with a β value of 4,000 was ranked the highest of all images. Deadtime was apparent in the system above a total phantom activity of 3.3 GBq. Conclusion: BPL with a β value of 4,000 is the optimal image reconstruction in PET/CT for confident radiologic reading when compared with other reconstruction parameters for (90)Y imaging after SIRT imaging. Activity in the field of view should be below 3.3 GBq at the time of PET imaging to avoid deadtime losses for this scanner.
27688476	0	12	Optimization	T052	C2698650
27688476	16	36	Image Reconstruction	T066	C0020912
27688476	41	46	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
27688476	47	78	Selective Internal Radiotherapy	T061	C1831994
27688476	84	114	Lutetium Yttrium Orthosilicate	T130	C1254353
27688476	115	128	PET/CT System	T074	C3882574
27688476	137	191	Bayesian Penalized Likelihood Reconstruction Algorithm	T170	C0002045
27688476	192	199	Imaging	T060	C0011923
27688476	205	213	γ-camera	T074	C0017004
27688476	219	224	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
27688476	231	262	selective internal radiotherapy	T061	C1831994
27688476	264	268	SIRT	T061	C1831994
27688476	284	296	verification	T169	C1711411
27688476	300	318	treatment delivery	T061	C2094475
27688476	342	365	poor spatial resolution	T033	C4038402
27688476	370	379	imprecise	T067	C1881145
27688476	380	401	dosimetry calculation	T061	C0034621
27688476	403	408	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
27688476	409	415	PET/CT	T074	C3882574
27688476	416	423	imaging	T060	C0011923
27688476	439	452	3-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27688476	454	468	time-of-flight	T081	C2348791
27688476	469	477	machines	T073	C0336779
27688476	488	494	images	T078	C1551337
27688476	507	511	poor	T080	C2700379
27688476	561	564	PET	T060	C0032743
27688476	565	579	reconstruction	T066	C0020912
27688476	580	588	software	T073,T170	C0037585
27688476	597	657	Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) reconstruction algorithm	T170	C0002045
27688476	666	673	Q.Clear	T170	C0282574
27688476	679	691	investigated	T169	C1292732
27688476	698	705	phantom	T073	C0282611
27688476	710	717	patient	T101	C0030705
27688476	718	723	scans	T060	C0441633
27688476	727	735	optimize	T052	C2698650
27688476	740	754	reconstruction	T066	C0020912
27688476	759	768	post-SIRT	T061	C1831994
27688476	769	776	imaging	T060	C0011923
27688476	797	800	BPL	T170	C0002045
27688476	813	824	improvement	T077	C2986411
27688476	828	836	clinical	T080	C0205210
27688476	837	850	image quality	T080	C0806487
27688476	857	862	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
27688476	873	880	Phantom	T073	C0282611
27688476	881	888	studies	T062	C2603343
27688476	897	905	activity	T052	C0441655
27688476	906	911	range	T081	C1514721
27688476	932	941	performed	T169	C0884358
27688476	945	951	assess	T058	C0184514
27688476	956	964	contrast	T080	C1979874
27688476	965	973	recovery	T038	C0597344
27688476	975	985	background	T082	C1254362
27688476	986	997	variability	T077	C2827666
27688476	1003	1026	contrast-to-noise ratio	T081	C0392762
27688476	1042	1045	BPL	T170	C0002045
27688476	1050	1089	ordered-subset expectation maximization	T170	C2700035
27688476	1091	1095	OSEM	T170	C2700035
27688476	1097	1112	reconstructions	T066	C0020912
27688476	1118	1132	PET/CT scanner	T074	C3882574
27688476	1134	1141	Patient	T101	C0030705
27688476	1142	1148	images	T078	C1551337
27688476	1155	1159	SIRT	T061	C1831994
27688476	1165	1178	reconstructed	T066	C0020912
27688476	1194	1204	parameters	T082	C0454186
27688476	1214	1220	scored	T081	C0449820
27688476	1225	1231	ranked	T170	C0699794
27688476	1248	1261	image quality	T080	C0806487
27688476	1266	1274	assessed	T052	C1516048
27688476	1278	1284	visual	T169	C0234621
27688476	1285	1295	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27688476	1320	1328	SPECT/CT	T060	C3472245
27688476	1329	1343	Bremsstrahlung	UnknownType	C0260185
27688476	1344	1350	images	T078	C1551337
27688476	1368	1380	radiologists	T097	C0334907
27688476	1391	1414	Contrast-to-noise ratio	T081	C0392762
27688476	1443	1446	BPL	T170	C0002045
27688476	1447	1462	reconstructions	T066	C0020912
27688476	1482	1486	OSEM	T170	C2700035
27688476	1490	1497	phantom	T073	C0282611
27688476	1498	1505	studies	T062	C2603343
27688476	1511	1518	patient	T101	C0030705
27688476	1528	1531	BPL	T170	C0002045
27688476	1545	1559	Bremsstrahlung	UnknownType	C0260185
27688476	1560	1566	images	T078	C1551337
27688476	1567	1573	scored	T081	C0449820
27688476	1574	1580	higher	T080	C0205250
27688476	1586	1590	OSEM	T170	C2700035
27688476	1591	1606	reconstructions	T066	C0020912
27688476	1612	1618	scored	T081	C0449820
27688476	1622	1634	radiologists	T097	C0334907
27688476	1636	1639	BPL	T170	C0002045
27688476	1647	1654	β value	T081	C0392762
27688476	1694	1700	images	T078	C1551337
27688476	1702	1710	Deadtime	T079	C1254367
27688476	1752	1759	phantom	T073	C0282611
27688476	1760	1768	activity	T052	C0441655
27688476	1793	1796	BPL	T170	C0002045
27688476	1828	1835	optimal	T080	C2698651
27688476	1836	1856	image reconstruction	T066	C0020912
27688476	1860	1866	PET/CT	T074	C3882574
27688476	1881	1891	radiologic	T169	C0205483
27688476	1892	1899	reading	T077	C1705179
27688476	1925	1939	reconstruction	T066	C0020912
27688476	1940	1950	parameters	T082	C0454186
27688476	1955	1960	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
27688476	1961	1968	imaging	T060	C0011923
27688476	1975	1979	SIRT	T061	C1831994
27688476	1980	1987	imaging	T060	C0011923
27688476	1989	1997	Activity	T052	C0441655
27688476	2058	2069	PET imaging	T060	C3702050
27688476	2079	2087	deadtime	T079	C1254367
27688476	2104	2111	scanner	T074	C0183115

27688904|t|C1Q Assay Results in Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity Crossmatch Negative Renal Transplant Candidates with Donor-Specific Antibodies: High Specificity but Low Sensitivity When Predicting Flow Crossmatch
27688904|a|The aim of the present study was to describe the association of positive flow cross match (FXM) and C1q-SAB. Methods. In this observational, cross-sectional, and comparative study, patients included had negative AHG-CDC-XM and donor specific antibodies (DSA) and were tested with FXM. All pretransplant sera were tested with C1q-SAB assay. Results. A total of 50 donor / recipient evaluations were conducted; half of them had at least one C1q+ Ab (n = 26, 52%). Ten patients (20.0%) had DSA C1q+ Ab. Twenty-five (50%) FXMs were positive. Factors associated with a positive FXM were the presence of C1q+ Ab (DSA C1q+ Ab: OR 27, 2.80-259.56, P = 0.004, and no DSA C1q+ Ab: OR 5, 1.27-19.68, P = 0.021) and the DSA LABScreen-SAB MFI (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.49, P = 0.007). The cutoff point of immunodominant LABScreen SAB DSA - MFI with the greatest sensitivity and specificity to predict FXM was 2,300 (sensitivity: 72% and specificity: 75%). For FXM prediction, DSA C1q+ Ab was the most specific (95.8%, 85-100) and the combination of DSA - MFI > 2,300 and C1q+ Ab was the most sensitive (92.0%, 79.3-100). Conclusions. C1q+ Ab and LABScreen SAB DSA - MFI were significantly associated with FXM. DSA C1q+ Ab was highly specific but with low sensitivity.
27688904	0	9	C1Q Assay	T059	C1167938
27688904	21	54	Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity	T059	C4084772
27688904	55	65	Crossmatch	T059	C0855279
27688904	66	74	Negative	T033	C0205160
27688904	75	91	Renal Transplant	T061	C0022671
27688904	92	102	Candidates	T098	C1257890
27688904	108	133	Donor-Specific Antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	135	139	High	T080	C0205250
27688904	140	151	Specificity	T081	C0037791
27688904	156	159	Low	T080	C0205251
27688904	160	171	Sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27688904	177	187	Predicting	T078	C0681842
27688904	188	203	Flow Crossmatch	T059	C0201644
27688904	253	264	association	T080	C0439849
27688904	268	276	positive	T033	C1446409
27688904	277	293	flow cross match	T059	C0201644
27688904	295	298	FXM	T059	C0201644
27688904	304	311	C1q-SAB	T059	C1167938
27688904	330	343	observational	T062	C1518527
27688904	345	360	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
27688904	366	383	comparative study	T062	C1579762
27688904	385	393	patients	T101	C0030705
27688904	407	415	negative	T033	C0205160
27688904	416	426	AHG-CDC-XM	T059	C0855279
27688904	431	456	donor specific antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	458	461	DSA	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	484	487	FXM	T059	C0201644
27688904	493	511	pretransplant sera	T031	C0229671
27688904	529	542	C1q-SAB assay	T059	C1167938
27688904	567	572	donor	T098	C0013018
27688904	575	584	recipient	T098	C1709854
27688904	585	596	evaluations	T058	C0220825
27688904	643	650	C1q+ Ab	T116,T129	C1717709
27688904	670	678	patients	T101	C0030705
27688904	691	694	DSA	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	695	702	C1q+ Ab	T116,T129	C1717709
27688904	722	726	FXMs	T059	C0201644
27688904	732	740	positive	T033	C1446409
27688904	742	749	Factors	T169	C1521761
27688904	750	765	associated with	T080	C0332281
27688904	768	776	positive	T033	C1446409
27688904	777	780	FXM	T059	C0201644
27688904	790	798	presence	T033	C0150312
27688904	802	809	C1q+ Ab	T116,T129	C1717709
27688904	811	814	DSA	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	815	822	C1q+ Ab	T116,T129	C1717709
27688904	824	826	OR	T081	C0028873
27688904	862	865	DSA	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	866	873	C1q+ Ab	T116,T129	C1717709
27688904	875	877	OR	T081	C0028873
27688904	912	915	DSA	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	916	929	LABScreen-SAB	T129	C0078968
27688904	930	933	MFI	T081	C0392762
27688904	935	937	OR	T081	C0028873
27688904	948	950	CI	T081	C0009667
27688904	978	990	cutoff point	T169	C1442160
27688904	994	1022	immunodominant LABScreen SAB	T129	C0078968
27688904	1023	1026	DSA	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	1029	1032	MFI	T081	C0392762
27688904	1042	1050	greatest	T081	C0205393
27688904	1051	1062	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27688904	1067	1078	specificity	T081	C0037791
27688904	1082	1089	predict	T078	C0681842
27688904	1090	1093	FXM	T059	C0201644
27688904	1105	1116	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27688904	1126	1137	specificity	T081	C0037791
27688904	1149	1152	FXM	T059	C0201644
27688904	1153	1163	prediction	T078	C0681842
27688904	1165	1168	DSA	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	1169	1176	C1q+ Ab	T116,T129	C1717709
27688904	1185	1189	most	T081	C0205393
27688904	1190	1198	specific	T080	C0205369
27688904	1238	1241	DSA	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	1244	1247	MFI	T081	C0392762
27688904	1260	1267	C1q+ Ab	T116,T129	C1717709
27688904	1276	1280	most	T081	C0205393
27688904	1281	1290	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27688904	1323	1330	C1q+ Ab	T116,T129	C1717709
27688904	1335	1348	LABScreen SAB	T129	C0078968
27688904	1349	1352	DSA	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	1355	1358	MFI	T081	C0392762
27688904	1378	1393	associated with	T080	C0332281
27688904	1394	1397	FXM	T059	C0201644
27688904	1399	1402	DSA	T116,T129	C0003241
27688904	1403	1410	C1q+ Ab	T116,T129	C1717709
27688904	1422	1430	specific	T080	C0205369
27688904	1440	1443	low	T080	C0205251
27688904	1444	1455	sensitivity	T081	C1511883

27689092|t|Aberrant LncRNA Expression Profile in a Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Mouse Model
27689092|a|Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) play a crucial role in cell growth, development, and various diseases related to the central nervous system. However, LncRNA differential expression profiles in spinal cord injury are yet to be reported. In this study, we profiled the expression pattern of LncRNAs using a microarray method in a contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) mouse model. Compared with a spinal cord without injury, few changes in LncRNA expression levels were noted 1 day after injury. The differential changes in LncRNA expression peaked 1 week after SCI and subsequently declined until 3 weeks after injury. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the reliability of the microarray, demonstrating that the results were reliable. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that differentially expressed mRNAs were involved in transport, cell adhesion, ion transport, and metabolic processes, among others. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, the PI3K - Akt signaling pathway, and focal adhesions were potentially implicated in SCI pathology. We constructed a dynamic LncRNA - mRNA network containing 264 LncRNAs and 949 mRNAs to elucidate the interactions between the LncRNAs and mRNAs. Overall, the results from this study indicate for the first time that LncRNAs are differentially expressed in a contusion SCI mouse model.
27689092	0	8	Aberrant	T080	C0443127
27689092	9	15	LncRNA	T114	C2982391
27689092	16	34	Expression Profile	T081	C1956267
27689092	40	68	Contusion Spinal Cord Injury	T037	C0433895
27689092	69	80	Mouse Model	T050	C2986594
27689092	81	100	Long noncoding RNAs	T114	C2982391
27689092	102	109	LncRNAs	T114	C2982391
27689092	134	145	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27689092	147	158	development	T043	C0815089
27689092	172	180	diseases	T047	C0012634
27689092	196	218	central nervous system	T023	C1268141
27689092	229	235	LncRNA	T114	C2982391
27689092	236	248	differential	T080	C0443199
27689092	249	268	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
27689092	272	290	spinal cord injury	T037	C0037929
27689092	305	313	reported	T170	C0684224
27689092	346	364	expression pattern	T059,T063	C0752248
27689092	368	375	LncRNAs	T114	C2982391
27689092	384	401	microarray method	T059	C1449575
27689092	407	435	contusion spinal cord injury	T037	C0433895
27689092	437	440	SCI	T037	C0433895
27689092	442	453	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27689092	471	482	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
27689092	491	497	injury	T037	C0178314
27689092	514	520	LncRNA	T114	C2982391
27689092	521	538	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27689092	552	555	day	T079	C0439228
27689092	562	568	injury	T037	C0178314
27689092	574	586	differential	T080	C0443199
27689092	587	594	changes	T169	C0392747
27689092	598	604	LncRNA	T114	C2982391
27689092	605	615	expression	T045	C0017262
27689092	625	629	week	T079	C0439230
27689092	636	639	SCI	T037	C0433895
27689092	657	665	declined	T080	C0392756
27689092	674	679	weeks	T079	C0439230
27689092	686	692	injury	T037	C0178314
27689092	694	742	Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C3179034
27689092	744	751	qRT-PCR	T063	C3179034
27689092	778	789	reliability	T081	C2347947
27689092	797	807	microarray	T063	C1522053
27689092	832	839	results	T169	C1274040
27689092	845	853	reliable	T170	C3858758
27689092	855	868	Gene ontology	T170	C1138831
27689092	870	872	GO	T170	C1138831
27689092	874	882	analysis	T062	C0936012
27689092	898	922	differentially expressed	T045	C0017262
27689092	923	928	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27689092	934	942	involved	T169	C1314939
27689092	946	955	transport	T043	C0005528
27689092	957	970	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27689092	972	985	ion transport	T043	C0162585
27689092	991	1010	metabolic processes	T040	C0025519
27689092	1026	1065	Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes	T170	C3826812
27689092	1067	1071	KEGG	T170	C3826812
27689092	1073	1092	enrichment analysis	T081	C4086355
27689092	1109	1148	neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction	T169	C2984251
27689092	1154	1158	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
27689092	1161	1164	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
27689092	1165	1182	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27689092	1188	1203	focal adhesions	T026	C0887870
27689092	1209	1231	potentially implicated	T052	C0441655
27689092	1235	1238	SCI	T037	C0433895
27689092	1239	1248	pathology	T169	C0205469
27689092	1275	1281	LncRNA	T114	C2982391
27689092	1284	1288	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27689092	1289	1296	network	T044	C1720950
27689092	1312	1319	LncRNAs	T114	C2982391
27689092	1328	1333	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27689092	1351	1363	interactions	T169	C1704675
27689092	1376	1383	LncRNAs	T114	C2982391
27689092	1388	1393	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27689092	1408	1415	results	T169	C1274040
27689092	1426	1431	study	T062	C2603343
27689092	1465	1472	LncRNAs	T114	C2982391
27689092	1477	1501	differentially expressed	T045	C0017262
27689092	1507	1520	contusion SCI	T037	C0433895
27689092	1521	1532	mouse model	T050	C2986594

27689386|t|Copolymer Brush -Based Ultralow-Fouling Biorecognition Surface Platform for Food Safety
27689386|a|Functional polymer coatings that combine the ability to resist nonspecific fouling from complex media with high biorecognition element (BRE) immobilization capacity represent an emerging class of new functional materials for a number of bioanalytical and biosensor technologies for medical diagnostics, security, and food safety. Here, we report on a random copolymer brush surface - poly(CBMAA-ran-HPMAA) - providing high BRE immobilization capacity while simultaneously exhibiting ultralow-fouling behavior in complex food media. We demonstrate that both the functionalization and fouling resistance capabilities of such copolymer brushes can be tuned by changing the surface contents of the two monomer units: nonionic N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide (HPMAA) and carboxy-functional zwitterionic carboxybetaine methacrylamide (CBMAA). It is demonstrated that the resistance to fouling decreases with the surface content of CBMAA; poly(CBMAA-ran-HPMAA) brushes with CBMAA molar content up to 15 mol % maintain excellent resistance to fouling from a variety of homogenized foods (hamburger, cucumber, milk, and lettuce) even after covalent attachment of BREs to carboxy groups of CBMAA. The poly(CBMAA 15 mol %-ran-HPMAA) brushes functionalized with antibodies are demonstrated to exhibit fouling resistance from food samples by up to 3 orders of magnitude better when compared with the widely used low-fouling carboxy-functional oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-based alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (AT SAMs) and, furthermore, by up to 2 orders of magnitude better when compared with the most successful ultralow-fouling biorecognition coatings - poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide), poly(CBAA). When model SPR detections of food-borne bacterial pathogens in homogenized foods are used, it is also demonstrated that the antibody - functionalized poly(CBMAA 15 mol %-ran-HPMAA) brush exhibits superior biorecognition properties over the poly(CBAA).
27689386	0	15	Copolymer Brush	T104	C0596383
27689386	23	71	Ultralow-Fouling Biorecognition Surface Platform	T075	C1710360
27689386	76	87	Food Safety	T057	C1456535
27689386	88	98	Functional	T169	C0205245
27689386	99	106	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27689386	107	115	coatings	T080	C1522408
27689386	121	128	combine	T073	C0336789
27689386	151	162	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27689386	163	170	fouling	T070	C3826310
27689386	176	189	complex media	T167	C0439861
27689386	195	199	high	T080	C0205250
27689386	200	222	biorecognition element	T122	C0005479
27689386	224	227	BRE	T122	C0005479
27689386	229	252	immobilization capacity	T081	C1516240
27689386	284	287	new	T080	C0205314
27689386	288	298	functional	T169	C0205245
27689386	299	308	materials	T167	C0520510
27689386	315	321	number	T081	C0237753
27689386	343	352	biosensor	T075	C0600364
27689386	353	365	technologies	T090	C0039421
27689386	370	389	medical diagnostics	T060	C0871813
27689386	391	399	security	T080	C3178753
27689386	405	416	food safety	T057	C1456535
27689386	439	461	random copolymer brush	T104	C0596383
27689386	462	469	surface	T082	C0205148
27689386	472	493	poly(CBMAA-ran-HPMAA)	T104	C0596383
27689386	506	510	high	T080	C0205250
27689386	511	514	BRE	T122	C0005479
27689386	515	538	immobilization capacity	T081	C1516240
27689386	545	559	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27689386	571	587	ultralow-fouling	T070	C3826310
27689386	588	596	behavior	T053	C0004927
27689386	600	618	complex food media	T168	C0016452
27689386	649	666	functionalization	T169	C0205245
27689386	671	678	fouling	T070	C3826310
27689386	679	689	resistance	T169	C4281815
27689386	690	702	capabilities	T080	C2698977
27689386	711	728	copolymer brushes	T104	C0596383
27689386	745	753	changing	T169	C0392747
27689386	758	765	surface	T082	C0205148
27689386	766	774	contents	T077	C0456205
27689386	786	799	monomer units	T104	C0596973
27689386	801	844	nonionic N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide	T109,T130	C0067475
27689386	846	851	HPMAA	T109,T130	C0067475
27689386	857	918	carboxy-functional zwitterionic carboxybetaine methacrylamide	T109	C0029224
27689386	920	925	CBMAA	T109	C0029224
27689386	956	966	resistance	T169	C4281815
27689386	970	977	fouling	T070	C3826310
27689386	978	987	decreases	T081	C0547047
27689386	997	1004	surface	T082	C0205148
27689386	1005	1012	content	T077	C0456205
27689386	1016	1021	CBMAA	T109	C0029224
27689386	1023	1052	poly(CBMAA-ran-HPMAA) brushes	T122	C0005479
27689386	1058	1063	CBMAA	T109	C0029224
27689386	1070	1077	content	T077	C0456205
27689386	1102	1111	excellent	T080	C1961136
27689386	1112	1122	resistance	T169	C4281815
27689386	1126	1133	fouling	T070	C3826310
27689386	1141	1148	variety	T077	C2346866
27689386	1152	1169	homogenized foods	T168	C0016452
27689386	1171	1180	hamburger	T168	C0452929
27689386	1182	1190	cucumber	T168	C0973457
27689386	1192	1196	milk	T168	C0349374
27689386	1202	1209	lettuce	T168	C0242765
27689386	1222	1230	covalent	T070	C0596391
27689386	1231	1241	attachment	T052	C1947904
27689386	1245	1249	BREs	T122	C0005479
27689386	1253	1267	carboxy groups	T109	C0029224
27689386	1271	1276	CBMAA	T109	C0029224
27689386	1282	1320	poly(CBMAA 15 mol %-ran-HPMAA) brushes	T122	C0005479
27689386	1321	1335	functionalized	T169	C0205245
27689386	1341	1351	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27689386	1380	1387	fouling	T070	C3826310
27689386	1388	1398	resistance	T169	C4281815
27689386	1404	1416	food samples	T167	C0444315
27689386	1426	1447	3 orders of magnitude	T081	C1704240
27689386	1448	1454	better	T080	C0332272
27689386	1460	1468	compared	T052	C1707455
27689386	1490	1501	low-fouling	T070	C3826310
27689386	1502	1596	carboxy-functional oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-based alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers	T122	C0005479
27689386	1598	1605	AT SAMs	T122	C0005479
27689386	1634	1655	2 orders of magnitude	T081	C1704240
27689386	1656	1662	better	T080	C0332272
27689386	1668	1676	compared	T052	C1707455
27689386	1691	1701	successful	T080	C1272703
27689386	1702	1718	ultralow-fouling	T070	C3826310
27689386	1719	1742	biorecognition coatings	T122	C0005479
27689386	1745	1776	poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide)	T109	C2606199
27689386	1778	1788	poly(CBAA)	T109	C2606199
27689386	1795	1800	model	T075	C0026339
27689386	1801	1804	SPR	T063	C0597731
27689386	1805	1815	detections	T061	C1511790
27689386	1819	1849	food-borne bacterial pathogens	T001	C0450254
27689386	1853	1870	homogenized foods	T168	C0016452
27689386	1914	1922	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27689386	1925	1939	functionalized	T169	C0205245
27689386	1940	1976	poly(CBMAA 15 mol %-ran-HPMAA) brush	T122	C0005479
27689386	1986	1994	superior	T082	C1282910
27689386	1995	2020	biorecognition properties	T080	C0871161
27689386	2030	2040	poly(CBAA)	T109	C2606199

27689393|t|Computational Modeling of β-Secretase 1 (BACE-1) Inhibitors Using Ligand Based Approaches
27689393|a|The binding affinities (IC50) reported for diverse structural and chemical classes of human β-secretase 1 (BACE-1) inhibitors in literature were modeled using multiple in silico ligand based modeling approaches and statistical techniques. The descriptor space encompasses simple binary molecular fingerprint, one - and two-dimensional constitutional, physicochemical, and topological descriptors, and sophisticated three-dimensional molecular fields that require appropriate structural alignments of varied chemical scaffolds in one universal chemical space. The affinities were modeled using qualitative classification or quantitative regression schemes involving linear, nonlinear, and deep neural network (DNN) machine-learning methods used in the scientific literature for quantitative-structure activity relationships (QSAR). In a departure from tradition, ∼20% of the chemically d iverse data set (205 compounds) was used to train the model with the remaining ∼80% of the s tructural and chemical analogs used as part of an external validation (1273 compounds) and prospective test (69 compounds) sets respectively to ascertain the model performance. The machine-learning methods investigated herein performed well in both the qualitative classification (∼70% accuracy) and quantitative IC50 predictions (RMSE ∼ 1 log). The success of the 2D descriptor based machine learning approach when compared against the 3D field based technique pursued for hBACE-1 inhibitors provides a strong impetus for systematically applying such methods during the lead identification and optimization efforts for other protein families as well.
27689393	0	22	Computational Modeling	T066	C0009609
27689393	26	39	β-Secretase 1	T116,T126	C1569775
27689393	41	47	BACE-1	T116,T126	C1569775
27689393	49	59	Inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27689393	66	89	Ligand Based Approaches	T170	C0025663
27689393	94	101	binding	T044	C1167622
27689393	102	112	affinities	T070	C1510827
27689393	114	118	IC50	T081	C0600495
27689393	133	140	diverse	T080	C1880371
27689393	141	151	structural	T082	C0678594
27689393	156	164	chemical	T103	C0220806
27689393	176	195	human β-secretase 1	T116,T126	C1569775
27689393	197	203	BACE-1	T116,T126	C1569775
27689393	205	215	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27689393	219	229	literature	T170	C0023866
27689393	258	267	in silico	T066	C3489666
27689393	268	300	ligand based modeling approaches	T062	C0870071
27689393	305	327	statistical techniques	T062	C1710191
27689393	333	343	descriptor	T170	C0282354
27689393	369	397	binary molecular fingerprint	T169	C1704864
27689393	399	402	one	T081	C0205447
27689393	409	424	two-dimensional	T082	C1705052
27689393	425	439	constitutional	T078	C1511487
27689393	441	456	physicochemical	T070	C2350461
27689393	462	485	topological descriptors	T170	C0282354
27689393	505	522	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27689393	523	532	molecular	T080	C1521991
27689393	533	539	fields	T077	C2349184
27689393	565	575	structural	T082	C0678594
27689393	576	586	alignments	T081	C1706765
27689393	597	615	chemical scaffolds	T103	C0220806
27689393	623	647	universal chemical space	T082	C1254362
27689393	653	663	affinities	T070	C1510827
27689393	683	694	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27689393	695	709	classification	T185	C0008902
27689393	713	725	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27689393	726	744	regression schemes	T170	C0034980
27689393	755	761	linear	T082	C0205132
27689393	763	772	nonlinear	T082	C1254362
27689393	778	797	deep neural network	T170	C0870951
27689393	799	802	DNN	T170	C0870951
27689393	804	820	machine-learning	T066	C0376284
27689393	821	828	methods	T170	C0025663
27689393	841	851	scientific	T090	C0036397
27689393	852	862	literature	T170	C0023866
27689393	867	912	quantitative-structure activity relationships	T081	C0887819
27689393	914	918	QSAR	T081	C0887819
27689393	964	974	chemically	T103	C0220806
27689393	977	983	iverse	T080	C1880371
27689393	984	992	data set	T170	C0150098
27689393	998	1007	compounds	T103	C1706082
27689393	1031	1036	model	T170	C3161035
27689393	1070	1079	tructural	T082	C0678594
27689393	1084	1092	chemical	T103	C0220806
27689393	1093	1100	analogs	T104	C0243071
27689393	1120	1128	external	T082	C0205101
27689393	1129	1139	validation	T062	C1519941
27689393	1146	1155	compounds	T103	C1706082
27689393	1161	1177	prospective test	T062	C0033522
27689393	1182	1191	compounds	T103	C1706082
27689393	1228	1233	model	T170	C3161035
27689393	1234	1245	performance	T052	C1882330
27689393	1251	1267	machine-learning	T066	C0376284
27689393	1268	1275	methods	T170	C0025663
27689393	1323	1334	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27689393	1335	1349	classification	T185	C0008902
27689393	1370	1382	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27689393	1383	1387	IC50	T081	C0600495
27689393	1388	1399	predictions	T078	C0681842
27689393	1435	1437	2D	T082	C1705052
27689393	1438	1448	descriptor	T170	C0282354
27689393	1455	1471	machine learning	T066	C0376284
27689393	1472	1480	approach	T082	C0449445
27689393	1507	1515	3D field	T082	C0450363
27689393	1522	1531	technique	T169	C0449851
27689393	1544	1551	hBACE-1	T116,T126	C1569775
27689393	1552	1562	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27689393	1593	1607	systematically	T169	C0220922
27689393	1622	1629	methods	T170	C0025663
27689393	1641	1660	lead identification	T033	C0243095
27689393	1665	1677	optimization	T052	C2698650
27689393	1696	1712	protein families	T116,T123	C1335532

27689491|t|Randomized Trials of the Teen Outreach Program in Louisiana and Rochester, New York
27689491|a|To evaluate the Teen Outreach Program, a pregnancy prevention program, in 2 community -based settings. We evaluated the Teen Outreach Program, a 9-month positive youth development program, in 3 cohorts of youths from 2012 to 2015 in 2 states. In Louisiana, 7 agencies participated in an individualized randomized controlled trial, with youths randomly assigned to a treatment or control condition. Fourteen agencies in Rochester, New York, participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial. We found no differences between the intervention and control youths on delay of sexual onset in Louisiana (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62, 1.03) or in Rochester, New York (AOR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.45, 1.77), or for sex with no effective means of birth control (Louisiana, AOR = 1.18; 95% CI = 0.78, 1.78; Rochester, AOR = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.13, 1.27) after controlling for relevant covariates. We found no short-term effects for the offer of the intervention. Research might be needed for the long-term and intermediate impacts of youth development programs on these and other adolescent risk behaviors.
27689491	0	17	Randomized Trials	T062,T170	C0206034
27689491	25	29	Teen	T100	C0205653
27689491	30	46	Outreach Program	T095	C0871024
27689491	50	59	Louisiana	T083	C0024024
27689491	64	73	Rochester	T083	C0017446
27689491	75	83	New York	T083	C0027976
27689491	87	95	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27689491	100	104	Teen	T100	C0205653
27689491	105	121	Outreach Program	T095	C0871024
27689491	125	145	pregnancy prevention	T061	C0679784
27689491	146	153	program	T170	C0679717
27689491	160	169	community	T096	C0009462
27689491	190	199	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27689491	204	208	Teen	T100	C0205653
27689491	209	225	Outreach Program	T095	C0871024
27689491	237	271	positive youth development program	T077	C1709697
27689491	278	285	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27689491	289	295	youths	T100	C0087178
27689491	319	325	states	T083	C1301808
27689491	330	339	Louisiana	T083	C0024024
27689491	343	351	agencies	T092	C0237463
27689491	371	385	individualized	T080	C1881197
27689491	386	413	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27689491	420	426	youths	T100	C0087178
27689491	450	459	treatment	T061	C0087111
27689491	463	480	control condition	T096	C0009932
27689491	491	499	agencies	T092	C0237463
27689491	503	512	Rochester	T083	C0017446
27689491	514	522	New York	T083	C0027976
27689491	542	549	cluster	T081	C1704332
27689491	550	577	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27689491	588	602	no differences	T033	C3842396
27689491	615	627	intervention	T061	C0184661
27689491	632	646	control youths	T096	C0009932
27689491	650	655	delay	T079	C0205421
27689491	659	665	sexual	T053	C0036864
27689491	666	671	onset	T080	C0332162
27689491	675	684	Louisiana	T083	C0024024
27689491	686	705	adjusted odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27689491	707	710	AOR	T081	C0028873
27689491	724	743	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27689491	745	747	CI	T081	C0009667
27689491	769	778	Rochester	T083	C0017446
27689491	780	788	New York	T083	C0027976
27689491	790	793	AOR	T081	C0028873
27689491	806	808	CI	T081	C0009667
27689491	831	834	sex	T040	C0009253
27689491	862	875	birth control	T121	C0009871
27689491	877	886	Louisiana	T083	C0024024
27689491	888	891	AOR	T081	C0028873
27689491	904	906	CI	T081	C0009667
27689491	921	930	Rochester	T083	C0017446
27689491	932	935	AOR	T081	C0028873
27689491	948	950	CI	T081	C0009667
27689491	971	982	controlling	T067	C2239193
27689491	996	1006	covariates	T081	C1705098
27689491	1017	1019	no	T033	C1513916
27689491	1020	1030	short-term	T079	C0443303
27689491	1031	1038	effects	T080	C1280500
27689491	1060	1072	intervention	T061	C0184661
27689491	1074	1082	Research	T062	C0035168
27689491	1107	1116	long-term	T067	C0023983
27689491	1121	1141	intermediate impacts	T080	C1280500
27689491	1145	1171	youth development programs	T077	C1709697
27689491	1191	1201	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27689491	1202	1216	risk behaviors	T055	C0086931

27689542|t|Safe Routes to Play? Pedestrian and Bicyclist Crashes Near Parks in Los Angeles
27689542|a|Areas near parks may present active travelers with higher risks than in other areas due to the confluence of more pedestrians and bicyclists, younger travelers, and the potential for increased traffic volumes. These risks may be amplified in low-income and minority neighborhoods due to generally higher rates of active travel or lack of safety infrastructure. This paper examines active travel crashes near parks and builds on existing research around disparities in park access and extends research from the Safe Routes to School and Safe Routes to Transit movements to parks. We utilized the Green Visions Parks coverage, encompassing Los Angeles County and several other cities in the LA Metropolitan area. We used negative bionomial regression modeling techniques and ten years of geolocated pedestrian and bicyclist crash data to assess the number of active travel injuries within a quarter mile (~400m) buffer around parks. We controlled for differential exposures to active travel using travel survey data and Bayesian smoothing models. Of 1,311,736 parties involved in 608,530 crashes, there were 896,359 injuries and 7317 fatalities. The number of active travel crash injuries is higher within a quarter-mile of a park, with a ratio of 1.52 per 100,000 residents, compared to areas outside that buffer. This higher rate near parks is amplified in neighborhoods with high proportions of minority and low-income residents. Higher traffic levels are highly predictive of active travel crash injuries. Planners should consider the higher risks of active travel near parks and the socioeconomic modification of these risks. Additional traffic calming and safety infrastructure may be needed to provide safe routes to parks.
27689542	0	4	Safe	T082	C0557723
27689542	5	11	Routes	T082	C0449444
27689542	15	19	Play	T056	C0032214
27689542	21	31	Pedestrian	T098	C0450063
27689542	36	45	Bicyclist	T098	C1257890
27689542	46	53	Crashes	T067	C0000924
27689542	54	58	Near	T080	C1706276
27689542	59	64	Parks	T073	C0562547
27689542	68	79	Los Angeles	T083	C0024015
27689542	80	85	Areas	T082	C0205146
27689542	86	90	near	T080	C1706276
27689542	91	96	parks	T073	C0562547
27689542	101	108	present	T033	C0150312
27689542	109	115	active	T169	C0205177
27689542	116	125	travelers	T098	C0687759
27689542	131	143	higher risks	T078	C0035647
27689542	158	163	areas	T082	C0205146
27689542	175	185	confluence	T052	C0441655
27689542	194	205	pedestrians	T098	C0450063
27689542	210	220	bicyclists	T098	C1257890
27689542	222	239	younger travelers	T098	C0687759
27689542	249	258	potential	T080	C3245505
27689542	263	272	increased	T081	C0205217
27689542	273	280	traffic	T033	C3840880
27689542	281	288	volumes	T081	C0449468
27689542	296	301	risks	T078	C0035647
27689542	309	318	amplified	T080	C0205556
27689542	322	332	low-income	T102	C0032854
27689542	337	345	minority	T098	C0026192
27689542	346	359	neighborhoods	T083	C0027569
27689542	377	389	higher rates	T081	C1521828
27689542	393	399	active	T169	C0205177
27689542	400	406	travel	T056	C0040802
27689542	410	439	lack of safety infrastructure	T033	C2364372
27689542	446	451	paper	T170	C0282420
27689542	461	467	active	T169	C0205177
27689542	468	474	travel	T056	C0040802
27689542	475	482	crashes	T067	C0000924
27689542	483	487	near	T080	C1706276
27689542	488	493	parks	T073	C0562547
27689542	508	525	existing research	T062	C0035168
27689542	533	544	disparities	T033	C1290905
27689542	548	552	park	T073	C0562547
27689542	553	559	access	T082	C0444454
27689542	572	580	research	T062	C0035168
27689542	590	594	Safe	T082	C0557723
27689542	595	601	Routes	T082	C0449444
27689542	605	611	School	T073,T092	C0036375
27689542	616	620	Safe	T082	C0557723
27689542	621	627	Routes	T082	C0449444
27689542	631	648	Transit movements	T169	C0205245
27689542	652	657	parks	T073	C0562547
27689542	675	703	Green Visions Parks coverage	T082	C1254362
27689542	718	736	Los Angeles County	T083	C3829255
27689542	755	761	cities	T083	C0008848
27689542	769	771	LA	T083	C0024015
27689542	772	789	Metropolitan area	UnknownType	C0815251
27689542	799	848	negative bionomial regression modeling techniques	T081,T170	C0026338
27689542	853	856	ten	T081	C0205456
27689542	857	862	years	T079	C0439234
27689542	866	876	geolocated	T082	C0450429
27689542	877	887	pedestrian	T098	C0450063
27689542	892	901	bicyclist	T098	C1257890
27689542	902	907	crash	T067	C0000924
27689542	908	912	data	T078	C1511726
27689542	916	922	assess	T052	C1516048
27689542	927	933	number	T081	C0237753
27689542	937	943	active	T169	C0205177
27689542	944	950	travel	T056	C0040802
27689542	951	959	injuries	T037	C3263722
27689542	969	981	quarter mile	T081	C0331865
27689542	990	996	buffer	T080	C0205556
27689542	1004	1009	parks	T073	C0562547
27689542	1029	1054	differential exposures to	T080	C0332157
27689542	1055	1061	active	T169	C0205177
27689542	1062	1068	travel	T056	C0040802
27689542	1075	1081	travel	T056	C0040802
27689542	1082	1088	survey	T170	C0038951
27689542	1089	1093	data	T078	C1511726
27689542	1098	1123	Bayesian smoothing models	T081	C0242198
27689542	1138	1145	parties	T077	C1518904
27689542	1166	1173	crashes	T067	C0000924
27689542	1194	1202	injuries	T037	C3263722
27689542	1212	1222	fatalities	T081	C0681680
27689542	1228	1234	number	T081	C0237753
27689542	1238	1244	active	T169	C0205177
27689542	1245	1251	travel	T056	C0040802
27689542	1252	1257	crash	T067	C0000924
27689542	1258	1266	injuries	T037	C3263722
27689542	1286	1298	quarter-mile	T081	C0331865
27689542	1304	1308	park	T073	C0562547
27689542	1317	1322	ratio	T081	C0456603
27689542	1343	1352	residents	T098	C2347958
27689542	1354	1362	compared	T052	C1707455
27689542	1366	1371	areas	T082	C0205146
27689542	1385	1391	buffer	T080	C0205556
27689542	1398	1409	higher rate	T081	C1521828
27689542	1410	1414	near	T080	C1706276
27689542	1415	1420	parks	T073	C0562547
27689542	1437	1450	neighborhoods	T083	C0027569
27689542	1456	1472	high proportions	T081	C1709707
27689542	1476	1484	minority	T098	C0026192
27689542	1489	1499	low-income	T102	C0032854
27689542	1500	1509	residents	T098	C2347958
27689542	1511	1525	Higher traffic	T033	C3840880
27689542	1526	1532	levels	T080	C0441889
27689542	1537	1554	highly predictive	T080	C0681890
27689542	1558	1564	active	T169	C0205177
27689542	1565	1571	travel	T056	C0040802
27689542	1572	1577	crash	T067	C0000924
27689542	1578	1586	injuries	T037	C3263722
27689542	1588	1596	Planners	T097	C0334786
27689542	1604	1612	consider	T078	C0750591
27689542	1617	1629	higher risks	T078	C0035647
27689542	1633	1639	active	T169	C0205177
27689542	1640	1646	travel	T056	C0040802
27689542	1647	1651	near	T080	C1706276
27689542	1652	1657	parks	T073	C0562547
27689542	1666	1679	socioeconomic	T077	C0748878
27689542	1680	1692	modification	T169	C0392747
27689542	1702	1707	risks	T078	C0035647
27689542	1720	1727	traffic	T033	C3840880
27689542	1728	1735	calming	T169	C0205245
27689542	1740	1746	safety	T068	C0036043
27689542	1747	1761	infrastructure	T185	C1998546
27689542	1769	1775	needed	T080	C0027552
27689542	1779	1786	provide	T052	C1999230
27689542	1787	1791	safe	T082	C0557723
27689542	1792	1798	routes	T082	C0449444
27689542	1802	1807	parks	T073	C0562547

27690050|t|Ontology -Based High - Level Context Inference for Human Behavior Identification
27690050|a|Recent years have witnessed a huge progress in the automatic identification of individual primitives of human behavior, such as activities or locations. However, the complex nature of human behavior demands more abstract contextual information for its analysis. This work presents an ontology -based method that combines low - level primitives of behavior, namely activity, locations and emotions, unprecedented to date, to intelligently derive more meaningful high - level context information. The paper contributes with a new open ontology describing both low - level and high - level context information, as well as their relationships. Furthermore, a framework building on the developed ontology and reasoning models is presented and evaluated. The proposed method proves to be robust while identifying high - level contexts even in the event of erroneously - detected low -l evel context s. Despite reasonable inference times being obtained for a relevant set of users and instances, additional work is required to scale to long-term scenarios with a large number of users.
27690050	0	8	Ontology	T090	C1518584
27690050	16	20	High	T080	C0205250
27690050	23	28	Level	T080	C0441889
27690050	29	36	Context	T078	C0449255
27690050	37	46	Inference	T041	C0679201
27690050	51	65	Human Behavior	T055	C3826173
27690050	66	80	Identification	T080	C0205396
27690050	116	124	progress	T169	C1280477
27690050	132	141	automatic	T169	C0205554
27690050	142	156	identification	T080	C0205396
27690050	160	170	individual	T098	C0237401
27690050	171	181	primitives	T170	C3645627
27690050	185	199	human behavior	T055	C3826173
27690050	209	219	activities	T056	C0026606
27690050	223	232	locations	T082	C0450429
27690050	247	254	complex	T080	C0439855
27690050	255	261	nature	T169	C1262865
27690050	265	279	human behavior	T055	C3826173
27690050	302	312	contextual	T078	C0449255
27690050	313	324	information	T078	C1533716
27690050	365	373	ontology	T090	C1518584
27690050	381	387	method	T170	C0025663
27690050	402	405	low	T080	C0205251
27690050	408	413	level	T080	C0441889
27690050	414	424	primitives	T170	C3645627
27690050	428	436	behavior	T053	C0004927
27690050	445	453	activity	T056	C0026606
27690050	455	464	locations	T082	C0450429
27690050	469	477	emotions	T041	C0013987
27690050	479	492	unprecedented	T080	C0439673
27690050	496	500	date	T079	C0011008
27690050	542	546	high	T080	C0205250
27690050	549	554	level	T080	C0441889
27690050	555	562	context	T078	C0449255
27690050	563	574	information	T078	C1533716
27690050	586	597	contributes	T052	C1880177
27690050	614	622	ontology	T090	C1518584
27690050	639	642	low	T080	C0205251
27690050	645	650	level	T080	C0441889
27690050	655	659	high	T080	C0205250
27690050	662	667	level	T080	C0441889
27690050	668	675	context	T078	C0449255
27690050	676	687	information	T078	C1533716
27690050	706	719	relationships	T080	C0439849
27690050	736	745	framework	T077	C1709697
27690050	772	780	ontology	T090	C1518584
27690050	795	801	models	T170	C3161035
27690050	888	892	high	T080	C0205250
27690050	895	900	level	T080	C0441889
27690050	901	909	contexts	T078	C0449255
27690050	922	927	event	T051	C0441471
27690050	931	942	erroneously	T080	C0205556
27690050	945	953	detected	T033	C0442726
27690050	954	957	low	T080	C0205251
27690050	961	965	evel	T080	C0441889
27690050	966	973	context	T078	C0449255
27690050	996	1005	inference	T041	C0679201
27690050	1033	1041	relevant	T080	C2347946
27690050	1042	1045	set	T041	C0036849
27690050	1049	1054	users	T098	C1706077
27690050	1059	1068	instances	T078	C1550608
27690050	1120	1129	scenarios	T169	C0683579
27690050	1153	1158	users	T098	C1706077

27690079|t|l-Arginine Enhances Resistance against Oxidative Stress and Heat Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans
27690079|a|The antioxidant properties of l-arginine (l-Arg) in vivo, and its effect on enhancing resistance to oxidative stress and heat stress in Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated. C. elegans, a worm model popularly used in molecular and developmental biology, was used in the present study. Here, we report that l-Arg, at a concentration of 1 mM, prolonged C. elegans life by 26.98% and 37.02% under oxidative and heat stress, respectively. Further experiments indicated that the longevity -extending effects of l-Arg may be exerted by its free radical scavenging capacity and the upregulation of aging -associated gene expression in worms. This work is important in the context of numerous recent studies that concluded that environment stresses are associated with an increased population death rate.
27690079	0	10	l-Arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27690079	11	19	Enhances	T052	C2349975
27690079	20	30	Resistance	T169	C4281815
27690079	39	55	Oxidative Stress	T049	C0242606
27690079	60	71	Heat Stress	T039	C0282498
27690079	75	97	Caenorhabditis elegans	T204	C0162610
27690079	102	113	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27690079	128	138	l-arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27690079	140	145	l-Arg	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27690079	164	170	effect	T080	C1280500
27690079	174	183	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27690079	184	194	resistance	T169	C4281815
27690079	198	214	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27690079	219	230	heat stress	T039	C0282498
27690079	234	256	Caenorhabditis elegans	T204	C0162610
27690079	262	274	investigated	T169	C1292732
27690079	276	286	C. elegans	T204	C0162610
27690079	290	294	worm	T204	C0018893
27690079	295	300	model	T075	C0026336
27690079	319	328	molecular	T091	C0026376
27690079	333	354	developmental biology	T090	C0011756
27690079	372	385	present study	T062	C2603343
27690079	408	413	l-Arg	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27690079	443	452	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27690079	453	463	C. elegans	T204	C0162610
27690079	464	468	life	T078	C0376558
27690079	496	505	oxidative	T049	C0242606
27690079	510	521	heat stress	T039	C0282498
27690079	545	556	experiments	T062	C0681814
27690079	557	566	indicated	T033	C1444656
27690079	576	585	longevity	T079	C0023980
27690079	597	604	effects	T080	C1280500
27690079	608	613	l-Arg	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27690079	636	659	free radical scavenging	T044	C3537124
27690079	660	668	capacity	T081	C1516240
27690079	677	689	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27690079	693	698	aging	T040	C0085759
27690079	711	726	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27690079	730	735	worms	T204	C0018893
27690079	767	774	context	T078	C0449255
27690079	787	801	recent studies	T062	C2603343
27690079	822	842	environment stresses	T067	C0871732
27690079	847	862	associated with	T080	C0332281
27690079	866	875	increased	T081	C0205217
27690079	876	886	population	T098	C1257890
27690079	887	897	death rate	T081	C0205848

27690192|t|Systemic Collyriclum faba (Trematoda: Collyriclidae) Infection in a Wild Common Raven (Corvus corax)
27690192|a|A hatch-year Common Raven (Corvus corax) with subcutaneous and internal pseudocysts, filled with fluid, containing a pair of adult trematodes and numerous eggs consistent with Collyriclum faba, died near a riverbank in California, US. While C. faba is incidental in many Passeriformes, this case was a fatal systemic infection.
27690192	0	8	Systemic	T169	C0205373
27690192	9	25	Collyriclum faba	T204	C0322043
27690192	27	36	Trematoda	T204	C0040818
27690192	38	51	Collyriclidae	T204	C3444348
27690192	53	62	Infection	T046	C3714514
27690192	80	85	Raven	T012	C1449597
27690192	87	99	Corvus corax	T012	C1449597
27690192	103	113	hatch-year	T079	C0439234
27690192	121	126	Raven	T012	C1449597
27690192	128	140	Corvus corax	T012	C1449597
27690192	147	159	subcutaneous	T082	C0443315
27690192	164	172	internal	T082	C0205102
27690192	173	184	pseudocysts	T020	C0333161
27690192	198	203	fluid	T167	C1704353
27690192	218	222	pair	T080	C1709450
27690192	226	231	adult	T204	C0563200
27690192	232	242	trematodes	T204	C0040818
27690192	247	255	numerous	T081	C0439064
27690192	256	260	eggs	T204	C0562677
27690192	277	293	Collyriclum faba	T204	C0322043
27690192	295	299	died	T033	C1306577
27690192	320	330	California	T083	C0006754
27690192	332	334	US	T083	C0041703
27690192	342	349	C. faba	T204	C0322043
27690192	353	363	incidental	T169	C0444507
27690192	372	385	Passeriformes	T012	C0600537
27690192	403	408	fatal	T080	C1302234
27690192	409	427	systemic infection	T047	C0243026

27690568|t|A single session of exhaustive exercise markedly decreases circulating levels of guanidinoacetic acid in healthy men and women
27690568|a|We evaluated the effects of exercise on circulating concentrations of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) and creatine in 23 healthy volunteers subjected to running to exhaustion and free-weight bench-press to volitional failure. Blood was taken before and following each exercise session. Running induced a significant decrease in serum GAA by 20.1% (P < 0.001), while free-weight exercise reduced GAA by 11.7% (P < 0.001), suggesting the possible use of serum GAA as a novel biomarker of exhaustion.
27690568	2	16	single session	T051	C1883016
27690568	20	39	exhaustive exercise	T056	C0015259
27690568	49	58	decreases	T081	C0547047
27690568	59	70	circulating	T169	C0175630
27690568	81	101	guanidinoacetic acid	T109,T121	C0061626
27690568	105	112	healthy	T080	C3898900
27690568	113	116	men	T098	C0025266
27690568	121	126	women	T098	C0043210
27690568	130	139	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27690568	144	154	effects of	T080	C1704420
27690568	155	163	exercise	T056	C0015259
27690568	167	178	circulating	T169	C0175630
27690568	179	193	concentrations	T081	C0457929
27690568	197	217	guanidinoacetic acid	T109,T121	C0061626
27690568	219	222	GAA	T109,T121	C0061626
27690568	228	236	creatine	T116,T123	C0010286
27690568	243	261	healthy volunteers	T098	C3661466
27690568	275	282	running	T056	C0035953
27690568	286	296	exhaustion	T184	C0392674
27690568	301	324	free-weight bench-press	T056	C0015259
27690568	328	346	volitional failure	T056	C0026606
27690568	348	353	Blood	T031	C0005767
27690568	390	398	exercise	T056	C0015259
27690568	399	406	session	T051	C1883016
27690568	408	415	Running	T056	C0035953
27690568	416	423	induced	T169	C0205263
27690568	438	446	decrease	T081	C0547047
27690568	450	455	serum	T031	C0229671
27690568	456	459	GAA	T109,T121	C0061626
27690568	488	508	free-weight exercise	T056	C0015259
27690568	509	516	reduced	T080	C0392756
27690568	517	520	GAA	T109,T121	C0061626
27690568	574	579	serum	T031	C0229671
27690568	580	583	GAA	T109,T121	C0061626
27690568	595	604	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27690568	608	618	exhaustion	T184	C0392674

27691994|t|Determinants of Engagement in Leisure-time Physical Activity - Dialogue with Senior Athletes
27691994|a|This article explores the factors determining whether older adults engage in the Senior Games and related leisure-time physical activity through examining the adults ' salient beliefs. We conducted 10 in-depth interviews with older adults who have participated in the Senior Games. Underpinned by the planned behavior theory's framework, we explored three types of beliefs: advantages and disadvantages (behavioral beliefs), social support and pressure (normative beliefs), and facilitators and impediments (control beliefs). Interview respondents were found to engage in the Senior Games and related physical activity to the extent that they associated various intangible advantages with the games and valued psychological satisfaction. They viewed their peers and families as supporting and approving of their engagement and recognized the physical capabilities required, and structural constraints necessary, to engage in the games and related activity. With these findings, pertinent beliefs can be combined with interventions designed to encourage leisure-time physical activities by older adults.
27691994	0	12	Determinants	T169	C1521761
27691994	16	26	Engagement	T056	C2372110
27691994	30	42	Leisure-time	T078	C0086542
27691994	43	60	Physical Activity	T056	C0026606
27691994	77	83	Senior	T098	C0001792
27691994	84	92	Athletes	T097	C0238703
27691994	119	126	factors	T169	C1521761
27691994	147	152	older	T079	C0580836
27691994	153	159	adults	T100	C0001675
27691994	160	166	engage	T056	C2372110
27691994	174	180	Senior	T098	C0001792
27691994	181	186	Games	T056	C0150593
27691994	199	211	leisure-time	T078	C0086542
27691994	212	229	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27691994	238	247	examining	T033	C0332128
27691994	252	258	adults	T100	C0001675
27691994	261	276	salient beliefs	T078	C0004951
27691994	303	313	interviews	T052	C0021822
27691994	319	324	older	T079	C0580836
27691994	325	331	adults	T100	C0001675
27691994	341	353	participated	T169	C0679823
27691994	361	367	Senior	T098	C0001792
27691994	368	373	Games	T056	C0150593
27691994	394	410	planned behavior	T055	C0679180
27691994	411	429	theory's framework	T078	C0871935
27691994	458	465	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27691994	467	477	advantages	T081	C0814225
27691994	482	495	disadvantages	T081	C0392762
27691994	497	515	behavioral beliefs	T078	C0004951
27691994	518	532	social support	T054	C0037438
27691994	537	545	pressure	T169	C1306345
27691994	547	564	normative beliefs	T078	C0004951
27691994	571	583	facilitators	T078	C1254370
27691994	588	599	impediments	T078	C1254370
27691994	601	616	control beliefs	T078	C0004951
27691994	619	628	Interview	T052	C0021822
27691994	629	640	respondents	T098	C0282122
27691994	655	661	engage	T056	C2372110
27691994	669	675	Senior	T098	C0001792
27691994	676	681	Games	T056	C0150593
27691994	694	711	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27691994	766	776	advantages	T081	C0814225
27691994	786	791	games	T056	C0150593
27691994	803	816	psychological	T169	C0205486
27691994	817	829	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27691994	849	854	peers	T098	C0679739
27691994	859	867	families	T099	C0015576
27691994	871	881	supporting	T054	C0037438
27691994	886	895	approving	T080	C0205540
27691994	905	915	engagement	T056	C2372110
27691994	935	943	physical	T169	C0205485
27691994	944	956	capabilities	T080	C2698977
27691994	971	993	structural constraints	T169	C0443288
27691994	1008	1014	engage	T056	C2372110
27691994	1022	1027	games	T056	C0150593
27691994	1040	1048	activity	T056	C0026606
27691994	1081	1088	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27691994	1110	1123	interventions	T058	C1273869
27691994	1146	1158	leisure-time	T078	C0086542
27691994	1159	1178	physical activities	T056	C0026606
27691994	1182	1187	older	T079	C0580836
27691994	1188	1194	adults	T100	C0001675

27692274|t|Sleep characteristics in type 1 diabetes and associations with glycemic control: systematic review and meta-analysis
27692274|a|The association between inadequate sleep and type 2 diabetes has garnered much attention, but little is known about sleep and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Our objectives were to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing sleep in persons with and without T1D, and to explore relationships between sleep and glycemic control in T1D. Studies were identified from Medline and Scopus. Studies reporting measures of sleep in T1D patients and controls, and/or associations between sleep and glycemic control, were selected. A total of 22 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. Children with T1D had shorter sleep duration (mean difference [MD] = -26.4 minutes; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -35.4, -17.7) than controls. Adults with T1D reported poorer sleep quality (MD in standardized sleep quality score = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.33, 0.70), with higher scores reflecting worse sleep quality) than controls, but there was no difference in self - reported sleep duration. Adults with TID who reported sleeping >6 hours had lower hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels than those sleeping ≤6 hours (MD = -0.24%; 95% CI = -0.47, -0.02), and participants reporting good sleep quality had lower HbA1c than those with poor sleep quality (MD = -0.19%; 95% CI = -0.30, -0.08). The estimated prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with TID was 51.9% (95% CI = 31.2, 72.6). Patients with moderate-to-severe OSA had a trend toward higher HbA1c (MD = 0.39%, 95% CI = -0.08, 0.87). T1D was associated with poorer sleep and high prevalence of OSA. Poor sleep quality, shorter sleep duration, and OSA were associated with suboptimal glycemic control in T1D patients.
27692274	0	5	Sleep	T040	C0037313
27692274	6	21	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27692274	25	40	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
27692274	45	57	associations	T080	C0439849
27692274	63	79	glycemic control	T061	C1638311
27692274	81	98	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27692274	103	116	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27692274	121	132	association	T080	C0439849
27692274	141	157	inadequate sleep	T033	C1822020
27692274	162	177	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27692274	221	226	known	T080	C0205309
27692274	233	238	sleep	T040	C0037313
27692274	243	258	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
27692274	260	263	T1D	T047	C0011854
27692274	270	280	objectives	T078	C2985627
27692274	299	316	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27692274	321	334	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27692274	335	344	comparing	T052	C1707455
27692274	345	350	sleep	T040	C0037313
27692274	354	361	persons	T098	C0027361
27692274	379	382	T1D	T047	C0011854
27692274	399	412	relationships	T080	C0439849
27692274	421	426	sleep	T040	C0037313
27692274	431	447	glycemic control	T061	C1638311
27692274	451	454	T1D	T047	C0011854
27692274	456	463	Studies	T062	C2603343
27692274	469	479	identified	T080	C0205396
27692274	485	492	Medline	T170	C0025141
27692274	497	503	Scopus	T170	C0282574
27692274	505	512	Studies	T062	C2603343
27692274	513	522	reporting	T062	C0011000
27692274	523	531	measures	T081	C0079809
27692274	535	540	sleep	T040	C0037313
27692274	544	547	T1D	T047	C0011854
27692274	548	556	patients	T101	C0030705
27692274	561	569	controls	T096	C0009932
27692274	578	590	associations	T080	C0439849
27692274	599	604	sleep	T040	C0037313
27692274	609	625	glycemic control	T061	C1638311
27692274	632	640	selected	T052	C1707391
27692274	656	663	studies	T062	C2603343
27692274	669	677	eligible	T080	C1548635
27692274	686	699	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27692274	701	709	Children	T100	C0008059
27692274	715	718	T1D	T047	C0011854
27692274	723	745	shorter sleep duration	T033	C0424574
27692274	747	762	mean difference	T081	C0392762
27692274	764	766	MD	T081	C0392762
27692274	776	783	minutes	T079	C0439232
27692274	789	808	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27692274	810	812	CI	T081	C0009667
27692274	835	843	controls	T096	C0009932
27692274	845	851	Adults	T100	C0001675
27692274	857	860	T1D	T047	C0011854
27692274	861	869	reported	T169	C0205245
27692274	870	890	poorer sleep quality	T046	C1262141
27692274	892	894	MD	T081	C0392762
27692274	898	910	standardized	T080	C1442989
27692274	911	924	sleep quality	T033	C0424563
27692274	925	930	score	T081	C0449820
27692274	943	945	CI	T081	C0009667
27692274	966	972	higher	T080	C0205250
27692274	973	979	scores	T081	C0449820
27692274	991	996	worse	T033	C1457868
27692274	997	1010	sleep quality	T033	C0424563
27692274	1017	1025	controls	T096	C0009932
27692274	1041	1054	no difference	T033	C3842396
27692274	1058	1062	self	T078	C0036588
27692274	1065	1073	reported	T169	C0205245
27692274	1074	1088	sleep duration	T033	C0424574
27692274	1090	1096	Adults	T100	C0001675
27692274	1102	1105	TID	T047	C0011854
27692274	1110	1118	reported	T169	C0205245
27692274	1119	1127	sleeping	T040	C0037313
27692274	1131	1136	hours	T079	C0439227
27692274	1141	1146	lower	T052	C2003888
27692274	1147	1176	hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels	T059	C0474680
27692274	1188	1196	sleeping	T040	C0037313
27692274	1200	1205	hours	T079	C0439227
27692274	1207	1209	MD	T081	C0392762
27692274	1224	1226	CI	T081	C0009667
27692274	1248	1260	participants	T098	C0679646
27692274	1271	1275	good	T080	C0205170
27692274	1276	1289	sleep quality	T033	C0424563
27692274	1294	1299	lower	T052	C2003888
27692274	1300	1305	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27692274	1322	1340	poor sleep quality	T046	C1262141
27692274	1342	1344	MD	T081	C0392762
27692274	1359	1361	CI	T081	C0009667
27692274	1383	1392	estimated	T081	C0750572
27692274	1393	1403	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27692274	1407	1446	obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults	T047	C3472696
27692274	1452	1455	TID	T047	C0011854
27692274	1471	1473	CI	T081	C0009667
27692274	1489	1497	Patients	T101	C0030705
27692274	1503	1521	moderate-to-severe	T080	C1299393
27692274	1522	1525	OSA	T047	C0520679
27692274	1532	1537	trend	T079	C1521798
27692274	1545	1557	higher HbA1c	T033	C2919483
27692274	1559	1561	MD	T081	C0392762
27692274	1575	1577	CI	T081	C0009667
27692274	1594	1597	T1D	T047	C0011854
27692274	1602	1617	associated with	T080	C0332281
27692274	1618	1630	poorer sleep	T046	C1262141
27692274	1635	1650	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
27692274	1654	1657	OSA	T047	C0520679
27692274	1659	1677	Poor sleep quality	T046	C1262141
27692274	1679	1686	shorter	T080	C1282927
27692274	1687	1701	sleep duration	T033	C0424574
27692274	1707	1710	OSA	T047	C0520679
27692274	1716	1731	associated with	T080	C0332281
27692274	1732	1742	suboptimal	T080	C2984009
27692274	1743	1759	glycemic control	T061	C1638311
27692274	1763	1766	T1D	T047	C0011854
27692274	1767	1775	patients	T101	C0030705

27692319|t|Anti-helminthic activity of Momordica charantia L. against Fasciola hepatica eggs after twelve days of incubation in vitro
27692319|a|Fasciolosis, a parasitic disease caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica underreported is expanding both in human and animal population, throughout the world. The constant use of synthetic drugs to treat this condition has led to the natural selection of resistant strains of the parasite. Hence, there is a growing focus on the potential anti-helminthic properties of medicinal plants and phytopharmaceuticals. The current study assessed the potential anti-fasciolicide action of Momordica charantia leaf extracts and fractions on the eggs of F. hepatica parasites. The lyophilized crude extract (CE) of M. charantia leaves and its sub-fractions, obtained from liquid-liquid partitioning with organic solvents, were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), suspended in 1% DMSO and used in in vitro tests. Quadruplicates of 50 F. hepatica eggs were incubated at 23°C with M. charantia leaf CE in different concentrations. After 12 days no larvae were formed in eggs incubated with CE concentrations above 12.5mg/mL. Eggs incubated with CE sub-fractions at concentrations of 1000, 100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01μg/mL affected embryonic development, with n-butanol presenting the strongest inhibition of miracidia formation. In contrast, on the 12th day, 90% of the miracidia hatched in the control experiments using 0.03% DMSO whereas embryogenesis was completely abolished with any concentration of albendazole sulphoxide ABZ(SO). Chemical analysis of the CE and sub-fractions revealed a prominent presence of flavonoids. HPLC-MS confirmed Quercetin to be one of the main flavonoids present in the CE and the n-butanol subfraction. This is the first study to analyse the potential anti-fasciolicide action of M. charantia leaf CE and subfractions.
27692319	0	15	Anti-helminthic	T121	C0003158
27692319	16	24	activity	T169	C0205177
27692319	28	49	Momordica charantia L	T002	C0330482
27692319	59	81	Fasciola hepatica eggs	T204	C3662687
27692319	95	99	days	T079	C0439228
27692319	103	113	incubation	T059	C1439852
27692319	114	122	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27692319	123	134	Fasciolosis	T047	C0015652
27692319	138	155	parasitic disease	T047	C0030499
27692319	170	179	trematode	T204	C0040818
27692319	180	197	Fasciola hepatica	T204	C0015648
27692319	233	238	human	T016	C0086418
27692319	243	260	animal population	T008	C1318101
27692319	277	282	world	T098	C2700280
27692319	304	319	synthetic drugs	T121	C0259849
27692319	323	328	treat	T061	C0087111
27692319	334	343	condition	T047	C0012634
27692319	359	376	natural selection	T070	C0086685
27692319	380	389	resistant	T169	C0332325
27692319	390	397	strains	T001	C1518614
27692319	405	413	parasite	T204	C0030498
27692319	464	479	anti-helminthic	T121	C0003158
27692319	480	490	properties	T169	C1292721
27692319	494	510	medicinal plants	T002	C0032100
27692319	515	535	phytopharmaceuticals	T109,T123	C0577749
27692319	549	554	study	T062	C2603343
27692319	578	595	anti-fasciolicide	T169	C0205245
27692319	596	602	action	T052	C3266814
27692319	606	625	Momordica charantia	T002	C0330482
27692319	626	630	leaf	T002	C0242724
27692319	631	639	extracts	T123	C0032081
27692319	644	653	fractions	T081	C1264633
27692319	661	690	eggs of F. hepatica parasites	T204	C3662687
27692319	696	707	lyophilized	T080	C0205222
27692319	708	721	crude extract	T103	C1258023
27692319	723	725	CE	T103	C1258023
27692319	730	749	M. charantia leaves	T002	C0330482
27692319	758	771	sub-fractions	T081	C1264633
27692319	787	813	liquid-liquid partitioning	T059	C3178840
27692319	819	835	organic solvents	T109	C0360100
27692319	842	850	analysed	T062	C0936012
27692319	854	892	High Performance Liquid Chromatography	T059	C0008562
27692319	894	898	HPLC	T059	C0008562
27692319	901	910	suspended	T078	C1553389
27692319	917	921	DMSO	T109,T121	C0012403
27692319	934	942	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27692319	943	948	tests	T059	C0022885
27692319	950	964	Quadruplicates	T081	C0205175
27692319	971	987	F. hepatica eggs	T204	C3662687
27692319	993	1002	incubated	T059	C1439852
27692319	1016	1028	M. charantia	T002	C0330482
27692319	1029	1033	leaf	T002	C0242724
27692319	1034	1036	CE	T103	C1258023
27692319	1050	1064	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27692319	1075	1079	days	T079	C0439228
27692319	1083	1089	larvae	T204	C0023047
27692319	1105	1109	eggs	T204	C3662687
27692319	1110	1119	incubated	T059	C1439852
27692319	1125	1127	CE	T103	C1258023
27692319	1128	1142	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27692319	1160	1164	Eggs	T204	C3662687
27692319	1165	1174	incubated	T059	C1439852
27692319	1180	1182	CE	T103	C1258023
27692319	1183	1196	sub-fractions	T081	C1264633
27692319	1200	1214	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27692319	1251	1259	affected	T169	C0392760
27692319	1260	1281	embryonic development	T042	C0013936
27692319	1288	1297	n-butanol	T109	C0089147
27692319	1323	1333	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27692319	1337	1346	miracidia	T204	C0023047
27692319	1347	1356	formation	T169	C1522492
27692319	1399	1408	miracidia	T204	C0023047
27692319	1409	1416	hatched	T040	C0598016
27692319	1424	1443	control experiments	T096	C0009932
27692319	1456	1460	DMSO	T109,T121	C0012403
27692319	1469	1482	embryogenesis	T042	C0013936
27692319	1498	1507	abolished	T079	C2746065
27692319	1517	1530	concentration	T081	C1446561
27692319	1534	1556	albendazole sulphoxide	T109,T121	C0051091
27692319	1557	1564	ABZ(SO)	T109,T121	C0051091
27692319	1566	1583	Chemical analysis	T059	C3495389
27692319	1591	1593	CE	T103	C1258023
27692319	1598	1611	sub-fractions	T081	C1264633
27692319	1645	1655	flavonoids	T109	C0596577
27692319	1657	1664	HPLC-MS	T059	C3641325
27692319	1675	1684	Quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
27692319	1707	1717	flavonoids	T109	C0596577
27692319	1733	1735	CE	T103	C1258023
27692319	1744	1753	n-butanol	T109	C0089147
27692319	1754	1765	subfraction	T081	C1264633
27692319	1785	1790	study	T062	C2603343
27692319	1794	1801	analyse	T062	C0936012
27692319	1816	1833	anti-fasciolicide	T169	C0205245
27692319	1834	1840	action	T052	C3266814
27692319	1844	1856	M. charantia	T002	C0330482
27692319	1857	1861	leaf	T002	C0242724
27692319	1862	1864	CE	T103	C1258023
27692319	1869	1881	subfractions	T081	C1264633

27692419|t|Tooth replacements in young adults with severe hypodontia: Orthodontic space closure, dental implants, and tooth -supported fixed dental prostheses. A follow-up study
27692419|a|Children with severe hypodontia have a substantial impairment of their dental health starting early in life. The purpose of this study was to describe types and locations of substitutes for missing teeth in patients with severe hypodontia and to compare the crown and soft tissue morphologies of orthodontic space closure, dental implants, and tooth -supported fixed dental prostheses for replacing teeth in the anterior region. Fifty patients missing 6 or more teeth and aged 18 years or older (mean age, 25.6 years) took part in a follow-up study. The patients were examined clinically with panoramic radiographs and clinical photographs. Crown and soft tissue variables (mucosal discoloration, crown morphology, color, and papilla index) were compared for orthodontic space closure, dental implant fixtures, and fixed dental prostheses. Dental implants, orthodontic space closure, and retaining deciduous teeth were the most commonly prescribed treatments. Persisting deciduous teeth showed a good survival rate at the follow-up examination. Mucosal discoloration was seen only for implant fixtures and was evident for almost all fixtures in the anterior mandible and two thirds of those in the anterior maxilla. The papilla index scored poorer for both implant fixtures and fixed dental prostheses compared with orthodontic space closure. Dental implants in the anterior region proved to be an inadequate treatment modality in patients with severe hypodontia because of pronounced mucosal discoloration.
27692419	0	18	Tooth replacements	T042	C3893426
27692419	22	34	young adults	T100	C0238598
27692419	40	46	severe	T080	C0205082
27692419	47	57	hypodontia	T019	C0020608
27692419	59	84	Orthodontic space closure	T061	C0376671
27692419	86	101	dental implants	T074	C0011373
27692419	107	112	tooth	T023	C0040426
27692419	124	147	fixed dental prostheses	T074	C0182448
27692419	151	166	follow-up study	T062	C0016441
27692419	167	175	Children	T100	C0008059
27692419	181	187	severe	T080	C0205082
27692419	188	198	hypodontia	T019	C0020608
27692419	218	228	impairment	T169	C0221099
27692419	238	251	dental health	T058	C0029162
27692419	261	266	early	T079	C1279919
27692419	270	274	life	T078	C0376558
27692419	318	323	types	T080	C0332307
27692419	328	337	locations	T082	C0450429
27692419	357	370	missing teeth	T020	C0080233
27692419	374	382	patients	T101	C0030705
27692419	388	394	severe	T080	C0205082
27692419	395	405	hypodontia	T019	C0020608
27692419	425	430	crown	T023	C0226993
27692419	435	446	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
27692419	447	459	morphologies	T080	C0332437
27692419	463	488	orthodontic space closure	T061	C0376671
27692419	490	505	dental implants	T074	C0011373
27692419	511	516	tooth	T023	C0040426
27692419	528	551	fixed dental prostheses	T074	C0182448
27692419	556	571	replacing teeth	T042	C3893426
27692419	579	594	anterior region	T082	C0205094
27692419	602	610	patients	T101	C0030705
27692419	611	618	missing	T020	C0080233
27692419	629	634	teeth	T023	C0040426
27692419	656	661	older	T098	C0001792
27692419	700	715	follow-up study	T062	C0016441
27692419	721	729	patients	T101	C0030705
27692419	735	754	examined clinically	T058	C0949168
27692419	760	781	panoramic radiographs	T060	C0034579
27692419	786	806	clinical photographs	T060	C0431056
27692419	808	813	Crown	T023	C0226993
27692419	818	829	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
27692419	830	839	variables	T080	C0439828
27692419	841	862	mucosal discoloration	T184	C1096311
27692419	864	869	crown	T023	C0226993
27692419	870	880	morphology	T080	C0332437
27692419	882	887	color	T080	C0009393
27692419	893	900	papilla	T023	C0226964
27692419	901	906	index	T170	C0918012
27692419	926	951	orthodontic space closure	T061	C0376671
27692419	953	976	dental implant fixtures	T074	C0011373
27692419	982	1005	fixed dental prostheses	T074	C0182448
27692419	1007	1022	Dental implants	T074	C0011373
27692419	1024	1049	orthodontic space closure	T061	C0376671
27692419	1055	1064	retaining	T169	C0333118
27692419	1065	1080	deciduous teeth	T023	C3266841
27692419	1104	1114	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27692419	1115	1125	treatments	T061	C0087111
27692419	1138	1153	deciduous teeth	T023	C3266841
27692419	1163	1167	good	T080	C0205170
27692419	1168	1181	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27692419	1189	1210	follow-up examination	T033	C0260832
27692419	1212	1233	Mucosal discoloration	T184	C1096311
27692419	1238	1242	seen	T080	C0205397
27692419	1252	1268	implant fixtures	T074	C0021102
27692419	1300	1308	fixtures	T074	C0021102
27692419	1316	1324	anterior	T082	C0205094
27692419	1325	1333	mandible	T023	C0024687
27692419	1365	1373	anterior	T082	C0205094
27692419	1374	1381	maxilla	T023	C0024947
27692419	1387	1400	papilla index	T033	C0438214
27692419	1408	1414	poorer	T080	C0542537
27692419	1424	1440	implant fixtures	T074	C0021102
27692419	1445	1468	fixed dental prostheses	T074	C0182448
27692419	1483	1508	orthodontic space closure	T061	C0376671
27692419	1510	1525	Dental implants	T074	C0011373
27692419	1533	1548	anterior region	T082	C0205094
27692419	1565	1594	inadequate treatment modality	T033	C1828215
27692419	1598	1606	patients	T101	C0030705
27692419	1612	1618	severe	T080	C0205082
27692419	1619	1629	hypodontia	T019	C0020608
27692419	1641	1651	pronounced	T080	C1706089
27692419	1652	1673	mucosal discoloration	T184	C1096311

27692572|t|Characterization of exposure in epidemiological studies on air pollution from biodegradable wastes: Misclassification and comparison of exposure assessment strategies
27692572|a|The assignment of exposure is one of the main challenges faced by environmental epidemiologists. However, misclassification of exposures has not been explored in population epidemiological studies on air pollution from biodegradable wastes. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of different approaches for assessing exposure to air pollution from biodegradable wastes by analyzing (1) the misclassification of exposure that is committed by using these surrogates, (2) the existence of differentia l misclassification (3) the effects that misclassification may have on health effect estimates and the interpretation of epidemiological results, and (4) the ability of the exposure measures to predict health outcomes using 10-fold cross validation. Four different exposure assessment approaches were studied: ammonia concentrations at the residence (Metric I), distance to the closest source (Metric II), number of sources within certain distances from the residence (Metric IIIa, b) and location in a specific region (Metric IV). Exposure-response models based on Metric I provided the highest predictive ability (72.3%) and goodness-of-fit, followed by IV, III and II. When compared to Metric I, Metric IV yielded the best results for exposure misclassification analysis and interpretation of health effect estimates, followed by Metric IIIb, IIIa and II. The study showed that modelled NH3 concentrations provide more accurate estimations of true exposure than distances-based surrogates, and that distance-based surrogates (especially those based on distance to the closest point source) are imprecise methods to identify exposed populations, although they may be useful for initial studies.
27692572	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27692572	20	28	exposure	T037	C0014412
27692572	32	55	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
27692572	59	72	air pollution	T069	C0001873
27692572	78	91	biodegradable	T080	C0205556
27692572	92	98	wastes	T167	C0043045
27692572	100	117	Misclassification	T185	C0008902
27692572	122	132	comparison	T052	C1707455
27692572	136	144	exposure	T037	C0014412
27692572	145	155	assessment	T058	C0220825
27692572	156	166	strategies	T062	C0035171
27692572	185	193	exposure	T037	C0014412
27692572	233	246	environmental	T082	C0014406
27692572	247	262	epidemiologists	T097	C1516908
27692572	273	290	misclassification	T185	C0008902
27692572	294	303	exposures	T037	C0014412
27692572	329	339	population	T098	C1257890
27692572	340	363	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
27692572	367	380	air pollution	T069	C0001873
27692572	386	399	biodegradable	T080	C0205556
27692572	400	406	wastes	T167	C0043045
27692572	412	421	objective	T078	C2985627
27692572	430	435	study	T062	C2603343
27692572	443	454	investigate	T169	C1292732
27692572	501	509	exposure	T037	C0014412
27692572	513	526	air pollution	T069	C0001873
27692572	532	545	biodegradable	T080	C0205556
27692572	546	552	wastes	T167	C0043045
27692572	556	565	analyzing	T062	C0936012
27692572	574	591	misclassification	T185	C0008902
27692572	595	603	exposure	T037	C0014412
27692572	637	647	surrogates	T096	C1551364
27692572	670	681	differentia	T080	C0443199
27692572	684	701	misclassification	T185	C0008902
27692572	710	717	effects	T080	C1280500
27692572	723	740	misclassification	T185	C0008902
27692572	753	759	health	T078	C0018684
27692572	760	766	effect	T080	C1280500
27692572	767	776	estimates	T081	C0750572
27692572	785	799	interpretation	T169	C1285553
27692572	803	818	epidemiological	T062	C0002783
27692572	819	826	results	T033	C0683954
27692572	855	863	exposure	T037	C0014412
27692572	884	899	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27692572	914	930	cross validation	T062	C0681935
27692572	947	955	exposure	T037	C0014412
27692572	956	966	assessment	T058	C0220825
27692572	983	990	studied	T062	C2603343
27692572	992	999	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27692572	1000	1014	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27692572	1022	1031	residence	T082	C0237096
27692572	1033	1041	Metric I	T081	C0025867
27692572	1044	1052	distance	T081	C0012751
27692572	1068	1074	source	T033	C0449416
27692572	1076	1085	Metric II	T081	C0025867
27692572	1098	1105	sources	T033	C0449416
27692572	1121	1130	distances	T081	C0012751
27692572	1140	1149	residence	T082	C0237096
27692572	1151	1162	Metric IIIa	T081	C0025867
27692572	1164	1165	b	T081	C0025867
27692572	1171	1179	location	T082	C0450429
27692572	1194	1200	region	T083	C0017446
27692572	1202	1211	Metric IV	T081	C0025867
27692572	1214	1238	Exposure-response models	T170	C3161035
27692572	1248	1256	Metric I	T081	C0025867
27692572	1309	1324	goodness-of-fit	T080	C0870608
27692572	1338	1340	IV	T081	C0025867
27692572	1342	1345	III	T081	C0025867
27692572	1350	1352	II	T081	C0025867
27692572	1371	1379	Metric I	T081	C0025867
27692572	1381	1390	Metric IV	T081	C0025867
27692572	1408	1415	results	T033	C0683954
27692572	1420	1428	exposure	T037	C0014412
27692572	1429	1446	misclassification	T185	C0008902
27692572	1447	1455	analysis	T062	C0936012
27692572	1460	1474	interpretation	T169	C1285553
27692572	1478	1484	health	T078	C0018684
27692572	1485	1491	effect	T080	C1280500
27692572	1492	1501	estimates	T081	C0750572
27692572	1515	1526	Metric IIIb	T081	C0025867
27692572	1528	1532	IIIa	T081	C0025867
27692572	1537	1539	II	T081	C0025867
27692572	1545	1550	study	T062	C2603343
27692572	1572	1575	NH3	T121,T197	C0002607
27692572	1576	1590	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27692572	1613	1624	estimations	T081	C0750572
27692572	1633	1641	exposure	T037	C0014412
27692572	1663	1673	surrogates	T096	C1551364
27692572	1699	1709	surrogates	T096	C1551364
27692572	1737	1745	distance	T081	C0012751
27692572	1767	1773	source	T033	C0449416
27692572	1817	1828	populations	T098	C1257890
27692572	1870	1877	studies	T062	C2603343

27692696|t|De Ritis Ratio (AST/ALT) as a Significant Prognostic Factor in Patients With Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer Treated With Surgery
27692696|a|We investigated the clinical prognostic value of preoperative De Ritis ratio (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]/alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) on postsurgical survival outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC). We retrospectively analyzed the data of 623 patients who underwent radical nephrouretectomy for UTUC. Multivariate regression tests were performed to identify possible associations between adverse pathologic events and AST/ALT. The risk of postoperative progression and survival were tested using Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox proportional hazards models. According to the receiver operator characteristic curve of AST/ALT for cancer-specific mortality, patients with AST/ALT value ≥1.5 were regarded as the high AST/ALT group, and the remaining patients formed the low AST/ALT group. In Kaplan-Meier analyses, the high AST/ALT group showed worse progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (all P < .001). Elevated AST/ALT was associated with higher T stage (hazard ratio [HR], 1.577; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.077-2.311; P = .033) and higher cellular grade (HR, 1.538; 95% CI, 1.034-2.287; P = .041) in multivariate regression tests. In multivariate Cox analyses, high AST/ALT was revealed as an independent predictor of PFS (HR, 2.335; 95% CI, 1.633-3.340; P < .001), CSS (HR, 2.550; 1.689-3.851; P < .001), and overall survival (HR, 2.069; 95% CI, 1.409-3.038; P < .001). Elevated preoperative AST/ALT was a significant predictor of worse postoperative survival in patients surgically treated for UTUC. Further large prospective studies are needed for better understanding of the prognostic value of preoperative AST/ALT.
27692696	0	24	De Ritis Ratio (AST/ALT)	T201	C0364051
27692696	30	59	Significant Prognostic Factor	T201	C1514474
27692696	63	71	Patients	T101	C0030705
27692696	77	106	Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer	T191	C0751571
27692696	107	114	Treated	T169	C1522326
27692696	120	127	Surgery	T169	C0038895
27692696	131	143	investigated	T169	C1292732
27692696	148	173	clinical prognostic value	T170	C0220901
27692696	177	189	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27692696	190	270	De Ritis ratio (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]/alanine aminotransferase [ALT])	T201	C0364051
27692696	274	286	postsurgical	T033	C0231287
27692696	287	295	survival	T052	C0038952
27692696	296	304	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27692696	308	316	patients	T101	C0030705
27692696	322	351	upper tract urothelial cancer	T191	C0751571
27692696	353	357	UTUC	T191	C0751571
27692696	363	387	retrospectively analyzed	T062	C0035363
27692696	392	396	data	T078	C1511726
27692696	404	412	patients	T101	C0030705
27692696	427	451	radical nephrouretectomy	T061	C0027732
27692696	456	460	UTUC	T191	C0751571
27692696	462	485	Multivariate regression	T080	C0681923
27692696	486	491	tests	T170	C0392366
27692696	519	540	possible associations	T080	C0439849
27692696	549	574	adverse pathologic events	T046	C0030660
27692696	579	586	AST/ALT	T201	C0364051
27692696	600	613	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27692696	614	625	progression	T169	C0449258
27692696	630	638	survival	T052	C0038952
27692696	644	650	tested	T169	C0039593
27692696	657	678	Kaplan-Meier analyses	T081	C1720943
27692696	683	714	Cox proportional hazards models	T081,T170	C0010235
27692696	733	771	receiver operator characteristic curve	T081	C0034772
27692696	775	782	AST/ALT	T201	C0364051
27692696	787	812	cancer-specific mortality	T081	C1516192
27692696	814	822	patients	T101	C0030705
27692696	828	835	AST/ALT	T201	C0364051
27692696	873	880	AST/ALT	T201	C0364051
27692696	906	914	patients	T101	C0030705
27692696	930	937	AST/ALT	T201	C0364051
27692696	948	969	Kaplan-Meier analyses	T081	C1720943
27692696	980	987	AST/ALT	T201	C0364051
27692696	1007	1032	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
27692696	1034	1037	PFS	T081	C0242792
27692696	1040	1064	cancer-specific survival	T081	C0038954
27692696	1066	1069	CSS	T081	C0038954
27692696	1076	1092	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27692696	1118	1125	AST/ALT	T201	C0364051
27692696	1130	1145	associated with	T080	C0332281
27692696	1153	1160	T stage	T185	C0475455
27692696	1162	1174	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27692696	1176	1178	HR	T081	C2985465
27692696	1192	1211	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27692696	1213	1215	CI	T081	C0009667
27692696	1245	1266	higher cellular grade	T185	C0441800
27692696	1268	1270	HR	T081	C2985465
27692696	1283	1285	CI	T081	C0009667
27692696	1313	1336	multivariate regression	T080	C0681923
27692696	1337	1342	tests	T170	C0392366
27692696	1347	1372	multivariate Cox analyses	T081	C0026777
27692696	1379	1386	AST/ALT	T201	C0364051
27692696	1406	1427	independent predictor	T078	C2698872
27692696	1431	1434	PFS	T081	C0242792
27692696	1436	1438	HR	T081	C2985465
27692696	1451	1453	CI	T081	C0009667
27692696	1479	1482	CSS	T081	C0038954
27692696	1484	1486	HR	T081	C2985465
27692696	1523	1539	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27692696	1541	1543	HR	T081	C2985465
27692696	1556	1558	CI	T081	C0009667
27692696	1593	1605	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27692696	1606	1613	AST/ALT	T201	C0364051
27692696	1620	1641	significant predictor	T078	C2698872
27692696	1645	1650	worse	T033	C1457868
27692696	1651	1664	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27692696	1665	1673	survival	T052	C0038952
27692696	1677	1685	patients	T101	C0030705
27692696	1686	1704	surgically treated	T061	C0543467
27692696	1709	1713	UTUC	T191	C0751571
27692696	1729	1748	prospective studies	T062	C0033522
27692696	1792	1808	prognostic value	T170	C0220901
27692696	1812	1824	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27692696	1825	1832	AST/ALT	T201	C0364051

27692888|t|Effective degradation of methylisothiazolone biocide using ozone: Kinetics, mechanisms, and decreases in toxicity
27692888|a|Methylisothiazolone (MIT) is a common biocide that is widely used in water-desalination reverse-osmosis processes. The transformation of MIT during water treatment processes is poorly understood. The kinetics and mechanisms involved in the degradation of MIT during ozonation were investigated in this study. Ozonation was found to be a useful way of degrading MIT in water, and the degradation rate constant was 0.11 (±0.1) × 10(3) L/(mol·s). The degradation rate constant did not change when the pH was increased from 3 to 9. The pre-exponential factor A and the activation energy Ea for the ozonation process were 7.564 × 10(13) L/(mol·s) and 66.74 kJ/mol, respectively. The decrease in the MIT concentration and the amount of ozone consumed were measured, and the stoichiometric factor α for the ozone consumption to MIT removal ratio was found to be 1.8. Several ozonation products were detected using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Almost 32% of the organic sulfur in the MIT was oxidized to release sulfate ions, which caused a decrease in pH. Sulfur atoms were oxidized to sulfone species and then h ydrolyzed to give sulfate during ozonation. Addition reactions involving carbon-carbon double bonds and the oxidation of α-carbon atoms also occurred. MIT was found to be lethal to Daphnia magna Straus (D. magna) with a median lethal concentration of 18.2 μmol/L. Even though the primary ozonation products of MIT still showed some toxicity to D. magna, ozone could minimize the toxic effect after a long reaction time.
27692888	10	21	degradation	T169	C0243125
27692888	25	44	methylisothiazolone	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	45	52	biocide	T131	C0444414
27692888	59	64	ozone	T103	C0030106
27692888	66	74	Kinetics	T070	C0022702
27692888	76	86	mechanisms	T169	C0458005
27692888	92	101	decreases	T081	C0547047
27692888	105	113	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27692888	114	133	Methylisothiazolone	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	135	138	MIT	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	152	159	biocide	T131	C0444414
27692888	183	201	water-desalination	T057	C0597684
27692888	202	227	reverse-osmosis processes	T067	C0678629
27692888	233	247	transformation	T169	C0439836
27692888	251	254	MIT	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	262	277	water treatment	T057	C0597684
27692888	278	287	processes	T067	C1522240
27692888	314	322	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27692888	327	337	mechanisms	T169	C0458005
27692888	354	365	degradation	T169	C0243125
27692888	369	372	MIT	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	380	389	ozonation	T067	C1254366
27692888	416	421	study	T062	C2603343
27692888	423	432	Ozonation	T067	C1254366
27692888	475	478	MIT	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	482	487	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27692888	497	508	degradation	T169	C0243125
27692888	509	522	rate constant	T081	C2986811
27692888	562	573	degradation	T169	C0243125
27692888	574	587	rate constant	T081	C2986811
27692888	612	614	pH	T081	C0020283
27692888	619	628	increased	T081	C0205217
27692888	646	670	pre-exponential factor A	T081	C0392762
27692888	679	696	activation energy	T081	C1442080
27692888	697	699	Ea	T081	C1442080
27692888	708	725	ozonation process	T067	C1254366
27692888	792	800	decrease	T081	C0547047
27692888	808	811	MIT	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	812	825	concentration	T081	C1446561
27692888	834	840	amount	T081	C1265611
27692888	844	849	ozone	T103	C0030106
27692888	864	872	measured	T080	C0444706
27692888	882	903	stoichiometric factor	T081	C0392762
27692888	904	905	α	T081	C0392762
27692888	914	919	ozone	T103	C0030106
27692888	935	938	MIT	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	982	991	ozonation	T067	C1254366
27692888	992	1000	products	T071	C1514468
27692888	1021	1053	time-of-flight mass spectrometry	T059	C0599827
27692888	1073	1087	organic sulfur	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
27692888	1095	1098	MIT	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	1103	1111	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27692888	1123	1135	sulfate ions	T196	C3536965
27692888	1152	1160	decrease	T081	C0547047
27692888	1164	1166	pH	T081	C0020283
27692888	1168	1180	Sulfur atoms	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
27692888	1186	1194	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27692888	1198	1213	sulfone species	T109,T121	C0038761
27692888	1225	1234	ydrolyzed	T070	C0020291
27692888	1243	1250	sulfate	T196	C3536965
27692888	1258	1267	ozonation	T067	C1254366
27692888	1269	1287	Addition reactions	T067	C0596304
27692888	1298	1324	carbon-carbon double bonds	T044	C0813982
27692888	1333	1342	oxidation	T044	C0030011
27692888	1346	1354	α-carbon	T196	C0007009
27692888	1355	1360	atoms	T196	C0567415
27692888	1376	1379	MIT	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	1396	1402	lethal	T033	C3151529
27692888	1406	1426	Daphnia magna Straus	T204	C1081963
27692888	1428	1436	D. magna	T204	C1081963
27692888	1452	1458	lethal	T033	C3151529
27692888	1459	1472	concentration	T081	C1446561
27692888	1513	1522	ozonation	T067	C1254366
27692888	1523	1531	products	T071	C1514468
27692888	1535	1538	MIT	T109,T121	C0046343
27692888	1557	1565	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27692888	1569	1577	D. magna	T204	C1081963
27692888	1579	1584	ozone	T103	C0030106
27692888	1591	1599	minimize	T080	C0392756
27692888	1604	1616	toxic effect	T037	C0600688
27692888	1625	1629	long	T080	C0205166
27692888	1630	1643	reaction time	T079	C0034746

27693393|t|Effect of exercise, exercise withdrawal, and continued regular exercise on excitability and long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus
27693393|a|Exercise mediates beneficial effects on the brain function and neural health, particularly in the hippocampus as the main area of memory. The hippocampus is a structure involved in exercise, which can improve synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP). The present study investigated the effect of exercise, exercise withdrawal, and continued regular exercise on excitability and long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to the five control, sham, exercise, exercise withdrawal, and continued regular exercise treatments. The experimental animals were forced to run on a treadmill one hour a day at a speed of 20-21m/min over the two experimental periods of 21 and 42 days. While stimulating the medial perforant pathway, input-output (I/O) functions and LTP were recorded from the DG to evaluate synaptic potency and plasticity. The relevant responses in the DG were evaluated in all the groups from the slope and PS amplitude of the fEPSP. Results showed that the 21- day exercise treatment increased both the responsiveness and LTP in the DG of hippocampus. A 21- day withdrawal period after the exercise impaired the beneficial effects of the exercise, indicating the reversibility of these exercise - related hippocampal changes. Significant enhancements were also observed in cell responsiveness and LTP with the continued regular exercise (42- day) treatment.
27693393	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27693393	10	18	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	20	28	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	29	39	withdrawal	T052	C2349954
27693393	45	54	continued	T078	C0549178
27693393	55	62	regular	T080	C0205272
27693393	63	71	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	75	87	excitability	T184	C0235169
27693393	92	114	long-term potentiation	T042	C0206249
27693393	122	135	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
27693393	139	150	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27693393	151	159	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	160	168	mediates	T054	C0086597
27693393	169	187	beneficial effects	T080	C1280500
27693393	195	209	brain function	T042	C0678908
27693393	214	220	neural	T169	C3714606
27693393	221	227	health	T078	C0018684
27693393	249	260	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27693393	268	277	main area	T082	C0205146
27693393	281	287	memory	T041	C0025260
27693393	293	304	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27693393	310	319	structure	T082	C0678594
27693393	332	340	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	352	359	improve	T033	C0184511
27693393	360	379	synaptic plasticity	T042	C0027880
27693393	384	406	long-term potentiation	T042	C0206249
27693393	408	411	LTP	T042	C0206249
27693393	418	425	present	T033	C0150312
27693393	426	431	study	T062	C2603343
27693393	432	444	investigated	T169	C1292732
27693393	449	455	effect	T080	C1280500
27693393	459	467	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	469	477	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	478	488	withdrawal	T052	C2349954
27693393	494	503	continued	T078	C0549178
27693393	504	511	regular	T080	C0205272
27693393	512	520	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	524	536	excitability	T184	C0235169
27693393	541	563	long-term potentiation	T042	C0206249
27693393	571	584	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
27693393	586	588	DG	T023	C0152314
27693393	593	604	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27693393	606	611	Fifty	T081	C3816723
27693393	612	616	male	T032	C0086582
27693393	617	628	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27693393	634	642	randomly	T080	C0439605
27693393	643	652	allocated	T169	C1516050
27693393	660	664	five	T081	C0205451
27693393	665	672	control	T096	C0009932
27693393	674	678	sham	T061	C0032042
27693393	680	688	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	690	698	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	699	709	withdrawal	T052	C2349954
27693393	715	724	continued	T078	C0549178
27693393	725	752	regular exercise treatments	T061	C2243091
27693393	758	778	experimental animals	T008	C0003064
27693393	784	790	forced	T169	C0443221
27693393	794	797	run	T169	C1704688
27693393	803	812	treadmill	T073	C0184069
27693393	813	821	one hour	T079	C0439227
27693393	824	827	day	T079	C0439228
27693393	833	838	speed	T081	C0678536
27693393	862	865	two	T081	C0205448
27693393	866	878	experimental	T080	C1517586
27693393	879	886	periods	T079	C1948053
27693393	900	904	days	T079	C0439228
27693393	912	923	stimulating	T070	C1948023
27693393	928	952	medial perforant pathway	T023	C0524810
27693393	954	966	input-output	T067	C1254366
27693393	968	971	I/O	T067	C1254366
27693393	973	982	functions	T169	C0542341
27693393	987	990	LTP	T042	C0206249
27693393	996	1004	recorded	T033	C0243095
27693393	1014	1016	DG	T023	C0152314
27693393	1020	1028	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27693393	1029	1037	synaptic	T030	C0039062
27693393	1038	1045	potency	T081	C0392762
27693393	1050	1060	plasticity	T042	C0027880
27693393	1066	1074	relevant	T080	C2347946
27693393	1075	1084	responses	T032	C0871261
27693393	1092	1094	DG	T023	C0152314
27693393	1100	1109	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27693393	1121	1127	groups	T098	C1257890
27693393	1137	1142	slope	T081	C0807955
27693393	1147	1159	PS amplitude	T082	C2346753
27693393	1167	1172	fEPSP	T042	C0524913
27693393	1174	1181	Results	T169	C1274040
27693393	1202	1205	day	T079	C0439228
27693393	1206	1224	exercise treatment	T061	C0452240
27693393	1225	1234	increased	T081	C0205217
27693393	1244	1258	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
27693393	1263	1266	LTP	T042	C0206249
27693393	1274	1276	DG	T023	C0152314
27693393	1280	1291	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27693393	1299	1302	day	T079	C0439228
27693393	1303	1313	withdrawal	T052	C2349954
27693393	1314	1320	period	T079	C1948053
27693393	1331	1339	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	1340	1348	impaired	T169	C0221099
27693393	1353	1371	beneficial effects	T080	C1280500
27693393	1379	1387	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	1404	1417	reversibility	T079	C0449261
27693393	1427	1435	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	1438	1445	related	T080	C0439849
27693393	1446	1457	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27693393	1458	1465	changes	T169	C0392747
27693393	1467	1478	Significant	T078	C0750502
27693393	1479	1491	enhancements	T052	C2349975
27693393	1502	1510	observed	T169	C1441672
27693393	1514	1518	cell	T025	C0007634
27693393	1519	1533	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
27693393	1538	1541	LTP	T042	C0206249
27693393	1551	1560	continued	T078	C0549178
27693393	1561	1568	regular	T080	C0205272
27693393	1569	1577	exercise	T056	C0015259
27693393	1583	1586	day	T079	C0439228
27693393	1588	1597	treatment	T061	C2243091

27693948|t|Molecular simulation study on concentration effects of rofecoxib with POPC bilayer
27693948|a|The interactions between rofecoxib and POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) bilayer were studied using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation method. Four POPC bilayer systems with different number of rofecoxib molecules were constructed to simulate different drug concentration. The free energy of rofecoxib passing across pure POPC bilayer has two minima (at z ∼1.2nm or 1.6nm). As for the high concentration model, the minimum of the free energy profile slightly shifts to the bilayer center. Moreover, the energy change from bulk water to POPC bilayer increases while the central barrier to cross the hydrophobic core of bilayer slightly decreases, suggesting that increasing drug concentration makes it favorable for rofecoxib to partition into the bilayer and easier to pass across bialyer center. Energy analysis show that the stabilization between the selected rofecoxib and other pre-inserted rofecoxib molecule is mainly due to van der Waals interaction energy. The predicted permeability of rofecoxib in high concentration model slightly weakens as compared with low concentration model.
27693948	0	20	Molecular simulation	T066	C2717775
27693948	21	26	study	T062	C2603343
27693948	30	43	concentration	T081	C1446561
27693948	44	54	effects of	T080	C1704420
27693948	55	64	rofecoxib	T109,T121	C0762662
27693948	70	74	POPC	T109,T123	C0044576
27693948	75	82	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27693948	87	99	interactions	T044	C0687133
27693948	108	117	rofecoxib	T109,T121	C0762662
27693948	122	126	POPC	T109,T123	C0044576
27693948	127	177	(1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine)	T109,T123	C0044576
27693948	178	185	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27693948	191	198	studied	T062	C2603343
27693948	199	204	using	T169	C1524063
27693948	205	243	all-atom molecular dynamics simulation	T066	C2717775
27693948	244	250	method	T170	C0025663
27693948	257	261	POPC	T109,T123	C0044576
27693948	262	269	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27693948	270	277	systems	T169	C0449913
27693948	283	292	different	T080	C1705242
27693948	293	299	number	T081	C0237753
27693948	303	312	rofecoxib	T109,T121	C0762662
27693948	313	322	molecules	T167	C0567416
27693948	328	339	constructed	T169	C0205431
27693948	343	351	simulate	T080	C1883725
27693948	352	361	different	T080	C1705242
27693948	362	366	drug	T121	C1254351
27693948	367	380	concentration	T081	C1446561
27693948	386	397	free energy	T070	C0678591
27693948	401	410	rofecoxib	T109,T121	C0762662
27693948	411	418	passing	T077	C2828360
27693948	426	430	pure	T080	C0205556
27693948	431	435	POPC	T109,T123	C0044576
27693948	436	443	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27693948	452	458	minima	T080	C1524031
27693948	494	498	high	T080	C0205250
27693948	499	512	concentration	T081	C1446561
27693948	513	518	model	T170	C0026344
27693948	524	531	minimum	T080	C1524031
27693948	539	550	free energy	T070	C0678591
27693948	582	589	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27693948	590	596	center	T082	C0205099
27693948	612	625	energy change	UnknownType	C0678592
27693948	631	641	bulk water	T121	C3663211
27693948	645	649	POPC	T109,T123	C0044576
27693948	650	657	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27693948	658	667	increases	T169	C0442805
27693948	678	685	central	T082	C0205099
27693948	686	693	barrier	T046	C0028778
27693948	697	702	cross	T077	C2828360
27693948	707	723	hydrophobic core	T120	C1254355
27693948	727	734	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27693948	735	743	slightly	T080	C0750482
27693948	744	753	decreases	T081	C0547047
27693948	755	765	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27693948	771	781	increasing	T169	C0442808
27693948	782	786	drug	T121	C1254351
27693948	787	800	concentration	T081	C1446561
27693948	810	819	favorable	T033	C0278250
27693948	824	833	rofecoxib	T109,T121	C0762662
27693948	837	846	partition	T169	C1534709
27693948	856	863	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27693948	878	882	pass	T077	C2828360
27693948	890	897	bialyer	T026	C0023768
27693948	898	904	center	T082	C0205099
27693948	906	912	Energy	T081	C1442080
27693948	913	921	analysis	T062	C0936012
27693948	936	949	stabilization	T080	C0205360
27693948	962	970	selected	T052	C1707391
27693948	971	980	rofecoxib	T109,T121	C0762662
27693948	991	1003	pre-inserted	T169	C1883719
27693948	1004	1013	rofecoxib	T109,T121	C0762662
27693948	1014	1022	molecule	T167	C0567416
27693948	1040	1065	van der Waals interaction	T067	C2346563
27693948	1066	1072	energy	T081	C1442080
27693948	1078	1087	predicted	T078	C0681842
27693948	1088	1100	permeability	T070	C0031164
27693948	1104	1113	rofecoxib	T109,T121	C0762662
27693948	1117	1121	high	T080	C0205250
27693948	1122	1135	concentration	T081	C1446561
27693948	1136	1141	model	T170	C0026344
27693948	1151	1158	weakens	T080	C1762617
27693948	1162	1170	compared	T052	C1707455
27693948	1176	1179	low	T080	C0205251
27693948	1180	1193	concentration	T081	C1446561
27693948	1194	1199	model	T170	C0026344

27694049|t|Toxicity mechanism of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles against food pathogens
27694049|a|Food preservation is an important field of research. It extends the shelf life of major food products. Our current study is based on food preservation through TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles. TiO2 and ZnO are biocompatible nanomaterial. The biocompatibility of the materials were established through toxicity studies on cell lines. Titanium dioxide and Zinc Oxide nanoparticle were synthesized by wet chemical process. They are characterized by X-Ray diffraction and TEM. The antibacterial activities of both the materials were analysed to ensure their effectiveness as food preservative against Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Shigella flexneri. The results indicates that TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticle inhibits Salmonella, Klebsiella and Shigella. The mode of action is by the generation of ROS in cases of Salmonella, Klebsiella. Mode of action in Shigella is still unclear. It was also proved that TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticle are biocompatible materials.
27694049	0	8	Toxicity	T080	C0040539
27694049	9	18	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27694049	22	38	titanium dioxide	T121,T197	C0076733
27694049	43	53	zinc oxide	T121,T197	C0043491
27694049	54	67	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27694049	76	90	food pathogens	T001	C0450254
27694049	91	108	Food preservation	T057	C0016484
27694049	134	142	research	T062	C0035168
27694049	179	192	food products	T168	C0681562
27694049	206	211	study	T062	C2603343
27694049	224	241	food preservation	T057	C0016484
27694049	250	254	TiO2	T121,T197	C0076733
27694049	259	262	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
27694049	263	276	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27694049	278	282	TiO2	T121,T197	C0076733
27694049	287	290	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
27694049	295	308	biocompatible	T122	C0005479
27694049	309	321	nanomaterial	T073	C1450053
27694049	327	343	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
27694049	351	360	materials	T167	C0520510
27694049	386	394	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27694049	406	416	cell lines	T025	C0007600
27694049	418	434	Titanium dioxide	T121,T197	C0076733
27694049	439	449	Zinc Oxide	T121,T197	C0043491
27694049	450	462	nanoparticle	T073	C1450054
27694049	468	479	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27694049	483	503	wet chemical process	T070	C2350458
27694049	514	527	characterized	T052	C1880022
27694049	531	548	X-Ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
27694049	553	556	TEM	T059	C0678118
27694049	562	586	antibacterial activities	T039	C0544570
27694049	599	608	materials	T167	C0520510
27694049	639	652	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27694049	656	673	food preservative	T120	C0016485
27694049	682	698	Salmonella typhi	T007	C0036125
27694049	700	721	Klebsiella pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
27694049	726	743	Shigella flexneri	T007	C0036957
27694049	749	756	results	T169	C1274040
27694049	772	776	TiO2	T121,T197	C0076733
27694049	781	784	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
27694049	785	797	nanoparticle	T073	C1450054
27694049	798	806	inhibits	T039	C1254359
27694049	807	817	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27694049	819	829	Klebsiella	T007	C0022727
27694049	834	842	Shigella	T007	C0036953
27694049	848	862	mode of action	T169	C1524059
27694049	873	883	generation	T079	C0079411
27694049	887	890	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27694049	903	913	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27694049	915	925	Klebsiella	T007	C0022727
27694049	927	941	Mode of action	T169	C1524059
27694049	945	953	Shigella	T007	C0036953
27694049	996	1000	TiO2	T121,T197	C0076733
27694049	1005	1008	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
27694049	1009	1021	nanoparticle	T073	C1450054
27694049	1026	1049	biocompatible materials	T122	C0005479

27694287|t|Understanding Supportive Care Factors Among African American Breast Cancer Survivors
27694287|a|Comprehensive breast cancer care includes not only diagnosis, staging, and treatment of cancer but also assessment and management of the physical, psychological, social, and informational needs, collectively known as supportive care. Several studies have documented the importance of addressing supportive care factors among breast cancer survivors. However, there appears to be a paucity of research concerning African American breast cancer survivors (AABCS). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe and understand the patient-centered supportive care factors among self-identified AABCS. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, an open-ended question explored supportive care factors that were used by N = 155 AABCS. Four supportive care factors were identified: faith, supportive structures, optimism, and access to information. An understanding of these factors might facilitate discussion between survivors and the health care team. The resultant effect could also inform and promote the delivery of culturally specific health care to address the supportive care needs among these women.
27694287	14	29	Supportive Care	T061	C0344211
27694287	30	37	Factors	T169	C1521761
27694287	44	60	African American	T098	C0085756
27694287	61	74	Breast Cancer	T191	C0006142
27694287	75	84	Survivors	T101	C0206194
27694287	85	98	Comprehensive	T058	C0009586
27694287	99	112	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27694287	113	117	care	T061	C0920687
27694287	136	145	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27694287	147	154	staging	T060	C0027646
27694287	160	169	treatment	T061	C0087111
27694287	173	179	cancer	T191	C0006826
27694287	189	199	assessment	T058	C0220825
27694287	204	214	management	T057	C1273870
27694287	222	230	physical	T169	C0205485
27694287	232	245	psychological	T169	C0205486
27694287	247	253	social	T169	C0728831
27694287	259	272	informational	T078	C1533716
27694287	273	278	needs	T080	C0027552
27694287	302	317	supportive care	T061	C0344211
27694287	327	334	studies	T062	C2603343
27694287	340	350	documented	T058	C1301725
27694287	380	395	supportive care	T061	C0344211
27694287	396	403	factors	T169	C1521761
27694287	410	423	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27694287	424	433	survivors	T101	C0206194
27694287	466	473	paucity	T080	C0231180
27694287	477	485	research	T062	C0035168
27694287	497	513	African American	T098	C0085756
27694287	514	527	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27694287	528	537	survivors	T101	C0206194
27694287	539	544	AABCS	T101	C0206194
27694287	578	583	study	T062	C2603343
27694287	619	651	patient-centered supportive care	T058	C0243024
27694287	652	659	factors	T169	C1521761
27694287	682	687	AABCS	T101	C0206194
27694287	697	708	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27694287	763	778	supportive care	T061	C0344211
27694287	779	786	factors	T169	C1521761
27694287	813	818	AABCS	T101	C0206194
27694287	825	840	supportive care	T061	C0344211
27694287	841	848	factors	T169	C1521761
27694287	866	871	faith	T078	C0681191
27694287	873	894	supportive structures	T077	C1521721
27694287	896	904	optimism	T041	C0237428
27694287	910	931	access to information	T169	C0949571
27694287	959	966	factors	T169	C1521761
27694287	1003	1012	survivors	T101	C0206194
27694287	1021	1032	health care	T058	C0086388
27694287	1043	1052	resultant	T169	C1274040
27694287	1053	1059	effect	T080	C1280500
27694287	1071	1077	inform	T058	C0700287
27694287	1082	1089	promote	T052	C0033414
27694287	1106	1116	culturally	T078	C0010453
27694287	1126	1137	health care	T058	C0086388
27694287	1153	1168	supportive care	T061	C0344211
27694287	1169	1174	needs	T080	C0027552
27694287	1187	1192	women	T098	C0043210

27694392|t|Short-term Variability of Vitamin D -Related Biomarkers
27694392|a|Quantifying the variability of biomarkers is important, as high within-person variability can lead to misclassification of individuals. Short-term variability of important markers of vitamin D metabolism is relatively unknown. A repeatability study was conducted in 160 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants (60% female, 28% black, mean age 76 years). Fasting serum was drawn at 2 time points, a median of 6 (range 3-13) weeks apart. Vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by LC-MS, fibroblast growth factor (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) by enzyme-linked immunoassay, and calcium and phosphorus by Roche Cobas 6000. Free and bioavailable 25(OH)D were calculated. We calculated the within-person CV (CVW), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Spearman rank correlation coefficient (r), and percent reclassified. The CVW was lowest for calcium (2.0%), albumin (3.6%), 25(OH)D (6.9%), VDBP (7.0%) and phosphorus (7.6%); intermediate for free 25(OH)D (9.0%) and bioavailable 25(OH)D (9.9%); and highest for PTH (16.7%) and FGF23 (17.8%). Reclassification was highest for PTH, VDBP, and phosphorus (all 7.5%). The ICC and r were highest (≥0.80) for 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D, bioavailable 25(OH)D and PTH, but somewhat lower (approximately 0.60-0.75) for the other biomarkers. Six- week short-term variability, as assessed by CVW, was quite low for VDBP, calcium and phosphorus, but fairly high for FGF23 and PTH. As such, multiple measurements of FGF23 and PTH may be needed to minimize misclassification. These results provide insight into the extent of potential misclassification of vitamin D markers in research and clinical settings.
27694392	0	22	Short-term Variability	T077	C2827666
27694392	26	35	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27694392	45	55	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27694392	56	67	Quantifying	T081	C1709793
27694392	72	83	variability	T077	C2827666
27694392	87	97	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27694392	101	110	important	T080	C3898777
27694392	134	145	variability	T077	C2827666
27694392	158	175	misclassification	T185	C0008902
27694392	179	190	individuals	T098	C0237401
27694392	203	214	variability	T077	C2827666
27694392	218	227	important	T080	C3898777
27694392	228	235	markers	T201	C0005516
27694392	239	259	vitamin D metabolism	T044	C1159433
27694392	285	304	repeatability study	T062	C2603343
27694392	326	341	Atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27694392	342	346	Risk	T078	C0035647
27694392	350	380	Communities study participants	T098	C1997894
27694392	386	392	female	T032	C0086287
27694392	398	403	black	T098	C0005680
27694392	410	413	age	T032	C0001779
27694392	425	432	Fasting	T033	C1976106
27694392	433	438	serum	T031	C0229671
27694392	494	499	weeks	T079	C0439230
27694392	507	532	Vitamin D binding protein	T116,T123	C0042872
27694392	534	538	VDBP	T116,T123	C0042872
27694392	544	563	25-hydroxyvitamin D	T109,T127	C0535968
27694392	565	572	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
27694392	579	587	measured	T080	C0444706
27694392	591	596	LC-MS	T059	C0872318
27694392	598	622	fibroblast growth factor	T116,T123	C0016026
27694392	624	629	FGF23	T116,T123	C0016026
27694392	635	654	parathyroid hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0030520
27694392	656	659	PTH	T116,T121,T125	C0030520
27694392	664	689	enzyme-linked immunoassay	T059	C0086231
27694392	695	702	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27694392	707	717	phosphorus	T196	C0031705
27694392	721	737	Roche Cobas 6000	T059	C0022885
27694392	739	743	Free	T080	C1996904
27694392	748	760	bioavailable	T080	C0935763
27694392	761	768	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
27694392	774	784	calculated	T052	C1441506
27694392	789	799	calculated	T052	C1441506
27694392	804	820	within-person CV	T081	C0681921
27694392	822	825	CVW	T081	C0681921
27694392	828	862	intraclass correlation coefficient	T081	C1707429
27694392	864	867	ICC	T081	C1707429
27694392	870	907	Spearman rank correlation coefficient	T081	C0242929
27694392	909	910	r	T081	C0242929
27694392	917	924	percent	T081	C0439165
27694392	925	937	reclassified	T080	C0205542
27694392	943	946	CVW	T081	C0681921
27694392	951	957	lowest	T080	C1708760
27694392	962	969	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27694392	978	985	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27694392	994	1001	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
27694392	1010	1014	VDBP	T116,T123	C0042872
27694392	1026	1036	phosphorus	T196	C0031705
27694392	1045	1057	intermediate	T034	C1550465
27694392	1062	1066	free	T080	C1996904
27694392	1067	1074	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
27694392	1086	1098	bioavailable	T080	C0935763
27694392	1099	1106	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
27694392	1119	1126	highest	T080	C1522410
27694392	1131	1134	PTH	T116,T121,T125	C0030520
27694392	1147	1152	FGF23	T116,T123	C0016026
27694392	1162	1178	Reclassification	T185	C0008902
27694392	1183	1190	highest	T080	C1522410
27694392	1195	1198	PTH	T116,T121,T125	C0030520
27694392	1200	1204	VDBP	T116,T123	C0042872
27694392	1210	1220	phosphorus	T196	C0031705
27694392	1237	1240	ICC	T081	C1707429
27694392	1245	1246	r	T081	C0242929
27694392	1252	1259	highest	T080	C1522410
27694392	1272	1279	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
27694392	1281	1285	free	T080	C1996904
27694392	1286	1293	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
27694392	1295	1307	bioavailable	T080	C0935763
27694392	1308	1315	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
27694392	1320	1323	PTH	T116,T121,T125	C0030520
27694392	1338	1343	lower	T080	C0205251
27694392	1345	1358	approximately	T080	C0332232
27694392	1384	1394	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27694392	1401	1405	week	T079	C0439230
27694392	1406	1428	short-term variability	T077	C2827666
27694392	1433	1441	assessed	T052	C1516048
27694392	1445	1448	CVW	T081	C0681921
27694392	1454	1463	quite low	T080	C0205251
27694392	1468	1472	VDBP	T116,T123	C0042872
27694392	1474	1481	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27694392	1486	1496	phosphorus	T196	C0031705
27694392	1502	1513	fairly high	T080	C0205250
27694392	1518	1523	FGF23	T116,T123	C0016026
27694392	1528	1531	PTH	T116,T121,T125	C0030520
27694392	1542	1563	multiple measurements	T169	C0242485
27694392	1567	1572	FGF23	T116,T123	C0016026
27694392	1577	1580	PTH	T116,T121,T125	C0030520
27694392	1598	1606	minimize	T080	C1524031
27694392	1607	1624	misclassification	T185	C0008902
27694392	1632	1639	results	T169	C1274040
27694392	1648	1655	insight	T041	C0233820
27694392	1675	1684	potential	T080	C3245505
27694392	1685	1702	misclassification	T185	C0008902
27694392	1706	1715	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27694392	1716	1723	markers	T201	C0005516
27694392	1727	1735	research	T062	C0035168
27694392	1740	1757	clinical settings	T169	C4086198

27694728|t|Molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases in São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal): A hospital -based descriptive study
27694728|a|We performed a descriptive analysis of molecular diagnosis of infectious agents in the São Miguel Island population, in order to address questions like what is the frequency of clinical requests, is it observable seasonality of pathogens, and what is the positive rate for the clinical diagnosis. This was a retrospective and descriptive study based on 878 individuals suspected of harboring infectious diseases during two consecutive years, 2012-2013. More than 25 different pathogens were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. The individuals were stratified into gender, occupation, and age groups. The pathogen with more clinical requests was hepatitis C virus, investigated in 225 individuals (30.0%), followed by Leptospira spp ., in 187 (24.9%). Overall, data demonstrated a gender distribution bias, where 72.9% of cases were males. The age group of 25 to 44 years was the class with more clinical requests. Regarding occupation, a predominance of construction workers (12.0%) was observed, followed by retired workers (11.0%). Patient distribution per year showed a higher number of patients in the fall months. Diagnoses of leptospirosis and respiratory virus infections presented seasonality. The present study provides a valid contribution to the knowledge of the epidemiology of infectious diseases in the São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal) population.
27694728	0	19	Molecular diagnosis	T059	C1513388
27694728	23	42	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
27694728	46	63	São Miguel Island	T083	C0017446
27694728	65	71	Azores	T083	C0004511
27694728	73	81	Portugal	T083	C0032729
27694728	86	94	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27694728	102	119	descriptive study	T062	C2603343
27694728	135	155	descriptive analysis	T062	C0936012
27694728	159	178	molecular diagnosis	T059	C1513388
27694728	182	199	infectious agents	T001	C0314732
27694728	207	224	São Miguel Island	T083	C0017446
27694728	225	235	population	T081	C0032659
27694728	297	314	clinical requests	T078	C1548104
27694728	333	344	seasonality	T079	C0683922
27694728	348	357	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27694728	397	415	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
27694728	428	441	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27694728	446	463	descriptive study	T062	C2603343
27694728	477	488	individuals	T098	C0237401
27694728	489	498	suspected	T047	C0277540
27694728	512	531	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
27694728	555	560	years	T079	C0439234
27694728	596	605	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27694728	611	623	investigated	T169	C1292732
27694728	627	652	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27694728	654	657	PCR	T063	C0032520
27694728	678	689	individuals	T098	C0237401
27694728	695	705	stratified	T080	C0205363
27694728	711	717	gender	T032	C0079399
27694728	719	729	occupation	T090	C0028811
27694728	735	745	age groups	T100	C0027362
27694728	751	759	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27694728	770	778	clinical	T080	C0205210
27694728	792	809	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
27694728	811	823	investigated	T169	C1292732
27694728	831	842	individuals	T098	C0237401
27694728	864	878	Leptospira spp	T007	C1265223
27694728	907	911	data	T078	C1511726
27694728	927	933	gender	T032	C0079399
27694728	934	946	distribution	T169	C1704711
27694728	947	951	bias	T078	C0242568
27694728	979	984	males	T032	C0086582
27694728	990	999	age group	T100	C0027362
27694728	1012	1017	years	T079	C0439234
27694728	1042	1059	clinical requests	T078	C1548104
27694728	1071	1081	occupation	T090	C0028811
27694728	1085	1097	predominance	T033	C0243095
27694728	1101	1121	construction workers	T097	C0403066
27694728	1156	1171	retired workers	T097	C4076599
27694728	1181	1188	Patient	T101	C0030705
27694728	1189	1201	distribution	T169	C1704711
27694728	1206	1210	year	T079	C0439234
27694728	1237	1245	patients	T101	C0030705
27694728	1258	1264	months	T079	C0439231
27694728	1266	1275	Diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27694728	1279	1292	leptospirosis	T047	C0023364
27694728	1297	1325	respiratory virus infections	T047	C0035235
27694728	1336	1347	seasonality	T079	C0683922
27694728	1361	1366	study	T062	C2603343
27694728	1384	1396	contribution	T052	C1880177
27694728	1404	1413	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27694728	1421	1433	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27694728	1437	1456	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
27694728	1464	1481	São Miguel Island	T083	C0017446
27694728	1483	1489	Azores	T083	C0004511
27694728	1491	1499	Portugal	T083	C0032729
27694728	1501	1511	population	T081	C0032659

27694780|t|Dabigatran: A new oral anticoagulant. Guidelines to follow in oral surgery procedures. A systematic review of the literature
27694780|a|Dabigatran is a newly commercialized drug that is replacing other anticoagulants in the prevention of venous thromboembolism, stroke and systemic arterial valve embolism. It acts directly on thrombin presenting in a dynamic and predictable way, which does not require monitoring these patients. Therefore, we consider the need to assess whether their use increases the risk of bleeding involved before any dental treatment. We performed a systematic review with a bibliographic search in PubMed / Medline along with the Cochrane Library. We excluded articles dealing with all anticoagulants other than dabigatran, and works about surgical treatments in anatomical locations other than the oral cavity. We included a total of 13 papers of which 1 was a randomized clinical trial, 9 narrative literature reviews, 1 case series, 2 clinical cases and 1 expert opinion. Because we did not obtain any properly designed clinical trials, we were unable to conduct a meta-analysis. Currently, there is no consensus on the procedure to be followed in patients taking dabigatran. However, all authors agree to treat each case individually in accordance to the risk of embolism, postoperative bleeding and renal function. Also, it is necessary to perform minimally invasive interventions, and take the appropriate local anti-hemolytic measures.
27694780	0	10	Dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
27694780	18	36	oral anticoagulant	T109,T121	C0354604
27694780	38	48	Guidelines	T170	C0162791
27694780	62	85	oral surgery procedures	T061	C0524861
27694780	100	124	review of the literature	T170	C0282441
27694780	125	135	Dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
27694780	162	166	drug	T121	C1254351
27694780	191	205	anticoagulants	T121	C0003280
27694780	227	249	venous thromboembolism	T047	C1861172
27694780	251	257	stroke	T047	C0038454
27694780	262	294	systemic arterial valve embolism	UnknownType	C0149876
27694780	316	324	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27694780	410	418	patients	T101	C0030705
27694780	480	489	increases	T169	C0442805
27694780	494	510	risk of bleeding	T033	C3251812
27694780	531	547	dental treatment	T061	C0011331
27694780	589	609	bibliographic search	UnknownType	C0260071
27694780	613	619	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27694780	622	629	Medline	T170	C0025141
27694780	645	661	Cochrane Library	T073,T093	C0023625
27694780	701	715	anticoagulants	T121	C0003280
27694780	727	737	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
27694780	755	774	surgical treatments	T061	C0543467
27694780	778	798	anatomical locations	T029	C0923870
27694780	814	825	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
27694780	877	902	randomized clinical trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27694780	906	934	narrative literature reviews	UnknownType	C0815257
27694780	938	949	case series	T062	C0150093
27694780	953	967	clinical cases	T077	C1706256
27694780	974	988	expert opinion	T077	C0600219
27694780	1038	1053	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27694780	1083	1096	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27694780	1121	1130	consensus	T054	C0376298
27694780	1138	1147	procedure	T061	C0543467
27694780	1166	1174	patients	T101	C0030705
27694780	1182	1192	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
27694780	1274	1278	risk	T078	C0035647
27694780	1282	1290	embolism	T046	C0013922
27694780	1292	1314	postoperative bleeding	T046	C0032788
27694780	1319	1333	renal function	T042	C0232804
27694780	1378	1400	invasive interventions	T061	C4048276
27694780	1433	1456	anti-hemolytic measures	T061	C0199176

27694930|t|Low Concentration of Sodium Butyrate from Ultrabraid + NaBu suture, Promotes Angiogenesis and Tissue Remodelling in Tendon - bones Injury
27694930|a|Sodium butyrate (NaBu), a form of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), acts classically as a potent anti-angiogenic agent in tumour angiogenesis models, some authors demonstrated that low concentrations of NaBu may contribute to healing of tendon - bone injury in part at least through promotion of tissue remodelling. Here, we investigated the effects of low -range concentrations of NaBu using in vitro and in vivo assays using angiogenesis as the primary outcome measure and the mechanisms through which it acts. We demonstrated that NaBu, alone or perfused from the UltraBraid + NaBu suture was pro-angiogenic at very low -range doses promoting migration, tube formation and cell invasion in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs). Furthermore, cell exposure to low NaBu concentrations increased expression of proteins involved in angiogenic cell signalling, including p-PKCβ1, p-FAK, p-ERK1 / 2, p-NFκβ, p-PLCγ1 and p-VEGFR2. In addition, inhibitors of both VEGFR2 and PKCβ1 blocked the angiogenic response. In in vivo assays, low concentrations of NaBu induced neovascularization in sponge implants in mice, evidenced by increased numbers of vessels and haemoglobin content in these implants. The findings in this study indicate that low concentrations of NaBu could be an important compound to stimulate angiogenesis at a site where vasculature is deficient and healing is compromised.
27694930	0	3	Low	T080	C0205251
27694930	4	17	Concentration	T081	C1446561
27694930	21	36	Sodium Butyrate	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	42	52	Ultrabraid	T074	C0038969
27694930	55	59	NaBu	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	60	66	suture	T074	C0038969
27694930	68	76	Promotes	T052	C0033414
27694930	77	89	Angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27694930	94	112	Tissue Remodelling	T038	C1820201
27694930	116	122	Tendon	T023	C0039508
27694930	125	137	bones Injury	T037	C0561852
27694930	138	153	Sodium butyrate	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	155	159	NaBu	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	172	194	short-chain fatty acid	T109,T123	C0015691
27694930	196	200	SCFA	T109,T123	C0015691
27694930	232	253	anti-angiogenic agent	T121,T123	C0596087
27694930	257	263	tumour	T191	C0027651
27694930	264	276	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27694930	277	283	models	T050	C0684309
27694930	316	319	low	T080	C0205251
27694930	320	334	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27694930	338	342	NaBu	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	361	368	healing	T040	C0043240
27694930	372	378	tendon	T023	C0039508
27694930	381	392	bone injury	T037	C0561852
27694930	410	417	through	T169	C0332273
27694930	418	427	promotion	T052	C0033414
27694930	431	449	tissue remodelling	T038	C1820201
27694930	477	487	effects of	T080	C1704420
27694930	488	491	low	T080	C0205251
27694930	499	513	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27694930	517	521	NaBu	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	528	536	in vitro	T062	C1515653
27694930	541	548	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27694930	549	555	assays	T059	C0005507
27694930	562	574	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27694930	582	589	primary	T080	C0205225
27694930	590	605	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
27694930	614	624	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27694930	625	632	through	T169	C0332273
27694930	669	673	NaBu	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	702	712	UltraBraid	T074	C0038969
27694930	715	719	NaBu	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	720	726	suture	T074	C0038969
27694930	731	745	pro-angiogenic	T042	C0302600
27694930	754	757	low	T080	C0205251
27694930	765	770	doses	T081	C0178602
27694930	771	780	promoting	T052	C0033414
27694930	781	790	migration	T043	C1622501
27694930	792	806	tube formation	T042	C2752214
27694930	811	824	cell invasion	T046	C2699153
27694930	828	834	bovine	T015	C3667982
27694930	835	841	aortic	T023	C0003483
27694930	842	859	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27694930	861	866	BAECs	T025	C0225336
27694930	882	886	cell	T025	C0007634
27694930	887	898	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27694930	899	902	low	T080	C0205251
27694930	903	907	NaBu	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	908	922	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27694930	923	932	increased	T081	C0205217
27694930	933	955	expression of proteins	T045	C1171362
27694930	968	978	angiogenic	T042	C0302600
27694930	979	994	cell signalling	T043	C0037083
27694930	1006	1013	p-PKCβ1	T116,T126	C0257292
27694930	1015	1020	p-FAK	T116,T126	C0059239
27694930	1022	1028	p-ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
27694930	1031	1032	2	T116,T126	C0170168
27694930	1034	1040	p-NFκβ	T116,T129	C0079904
27694930	1042	1049	p-PLCγ1	T116,T126	C0753837
27694930	1054	1062	p-VEGFR2	T116,T192	C0378796
27694930	1077	1087	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27694930	1096	1102	VEGFR2	T116,T192	C0378796
27694930	1107	1112	PKCβ1	T116,T126	C0257292
27694930	1113	1120	blocked	T169	C0332206
27694930	1125	1135	angiogenic	T042	C0302600
27694930	1136	1144	response	T032	C0871261
27694930	1149	1156	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27694930	1157	1163	assays	T059	C0005507
27694930	1165	1168	low	T080	C0205251
27694930	1169	1183	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27694930	1187	1191	NaBu	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	1192	1199	induced	T169	C0205263
27694930	1200	1218	neovascularization	T046	C0027686
27694930	1222	1237	sponge implants	T074	C0021102
27694930	1241	1245	mice	T015	C0026809
27694930	1260	1269	increased	T081	C0205217
27694930	1281	1288	vessels	T023	C0005847
27694930	1293	1304	haemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
27694930	1305	1312	content	T081	C1264655
27694930	1322	1330	implants	T074	C0021102
27694930	1373	1376	low	T080	C0205251
27694930	1377	1391	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27694930	1395	1399	NaBu	T109,T121	C0142812
27694930	1444	1456	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27694930	1462	1466	site	T029	C1515974
27694930	1473	1484	vasculature	T017	C3714653
27694930	1488	1497	deficient	T169	C0011155
27694930	1502	1509	healing	T040	C0043240
27694930	1513	1524	compromised	T033	C2945640

27695327|t|Fabrication of gelatin methacrylate / nanohydroxyapatite microgel arrays for periodontal tissue regeneration
27695327|a|Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease and is the major cause of tooth loss and other oral health issues around the world. Periodontal tissue regeneration has therefore always been the ultimate goal of dentists and researchers. Existing fabrication methods mainly focused on a top-down tissue engineering strategy in which several drawbacks remain, including low throughput and limited diffusion properties resulting from a large sample size. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) is a kind of photocrosslinkable and biocompatible hydrogel, with the capacities of enabling cell encapsulation and regeneration of functional tissues. Here, we developed a novel method to fabricate GelMA / nanohydroxylapatite (nHA) microgel arrays using a photocrosslinkable strategy. The viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation and in vivo osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) encapsulated in microgels were evaluated. The results suggested that such microgels provide great potential for periodontal tissue repair and regeneration. Microgel arrays were fabricated by blending different weight ratios of GelMA and nHA. hPDLSCs were encapsulated in GelMA / nHA microgels of various ratios for a systematic evaluation of cell viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. In vivo osteogenesis in nude mice was also studied. The GelMA / nHA microgels exhibited appropriate microarchitecture, mechanical strength, and surface roughness, thus enabling cell adhesion and proliferation. Additionally, the GelMA / nHA microgels (10%/2% w/v) enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by elevating the expression levels of osteogenic biomarker genes, such as ALP, BSP, OCN, and RUNX2. In vivo ectopic transplantation results showed that GelMA / nHA microgels (10%/2% w/v) increased mineralized tissue formation with abundant vascularization, compared with the 1%, 3%, and the pure GelMA group. The GelMA / nHA microgels (10%/2% w/v) facilitated hPDLSCs viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation in vitro and further promoted new bone formation in vivo, suggesting that the GelMA / nHA microgels (10%/2% w/v) provide great potential for periodontal tissue regeneration.
27695327	0	11	Fabrication	T067	C1522240
27695327	15	35	gelatin methacrylate	T109	C0029224
27695327	38	56	nanohydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27695327	57	65	microgel	T122	C0017243
27695327	66	72	arrays	T082	C1510941
27695327	77	108	periodontal tissue regeneration	T061	C1448477
27695327	109	122	Periodontitis	T047	C0031099
27695327	128	154	chronic infectious disease	T047	C0151317
27695327	166	177	major cause	T033	C1333617
27695327	181	191	tooth loss	T020	C0080233
27695327	202	213	oral health	T058	C0029162
27695327	214	220	issues	T033	C0033213
27695327	232	237	world	T098	C2700280
27695327	239	270	Periodontal tissue regeneration	T061	C1448477
27695327	301	314	ultimate goal	T170	C0018017
27695327	318	326	dentists	T097	C0011441
27695327	331	342	researchers	T097	C0035173
27695327	353	364	fabrication	T067	C1522240
27695327	365	372	methods	T170	C0025663
27695327	380	387	focused	T169	C1285542
27695327	393	420	top-down tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
27695327	421	429	strategy	T041	C0679199
27695327	447	456	drawbacks	T080	C0205556
27695327	457	463	remain	T033	C0243095
27695327	475	489	low throughput	T080	C0205556
27695327	502	511	diffusion	T070	C0012222
27695327	512	522	properties	T080	C0871161
27695327	523	532	resulting	T169	C0332294
27695327	540	557	large sample size	T081	C0242618
27695327	559	579	Gelatin methacrylate	T109	C0029224
27695327	581	586	GelMA	T109	C0029224
27695327	601	619	photocrosslinkable	T070	C0178576
27695327	624	637	biocompatible	T122	C0005479
27695327	638	646	hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27695327	657	667	capacities	T081	C1516240
27695327	671	679	enabling	T041	C1171285
27695327	680	698	cell encapsulation	T059	C3831155
27695327	703	737	regeneration of functional tissues	T042	C1623047
27695327	760	765	novel	T080	C0205314
27695327	766	772	method	T169	C0449851
27695327	776	785	fabricate	T067	C1522240
27695327	786	791	GelMA	T109	C0029224
27695327	794	813	nanohydroxylapatite	T197	C0020326
27695327	815	818	nHA	T197	C0020326
27695327	820	828	microgel	T122	C0017243
27695327	829	835	arrays	T082	C1510941
27695327	844	862	photocrosslinkable	T070	C0178576
27695327	863	871	strategy	T041	C0679199
27695327	877	886	viability	T043	C0007620
27695327	888	901	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27695327	907	933	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27695327	938	945	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27695327	946	958	osteogenesis	T042	C0029433
27695327	962	967	human	T016	C0086418
27695327	968	988	periodontal ligament	T023	C0031093
27695327	989	999	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27695327	1001	1008	hPDLSCs	T025	C0038250
27695327	1010	1022	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27695327	1026	1035	microgels	T122	C0017243
27695327	1041	1050	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27695327	1056	1063	results	T169	C1274040
27695327	1064	1073	suggested	T078	C1705535
27695327	1084	1093	microgels	T122	C0017243
27695327	1094	1101	provide	T052	C1999230
27695327	1108	1117	potential	T080	C3245505
27695327	1122	1164	periodontal tissue repair and regeneration	T061	C1448477
27695327	1166	1174	Microgel	T122	C0017243
27695327	1175	1181	arrays	T082	C1510941
27695327	1187	1197	fabricated	T067	C1522240
27695327	1201	1209	blending	T068	C0678946
27695327	1210	1219	different	T080	C1705242
27695327	1220	1233	weight ratios	T081	C2919747
27695327	1237	1242	GelMA	T109	C0029224
27695327	1247	1250	nHA	T197	C0020326
27695327	1252	1259	hPDLSCs	T025	C0038250
27695327	1265	1277	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27695327	1281	1286	GelMA	T109	C0029224
27695327	1289	1292	nHA	T197	C0020326
27695327	1293	1302	microgels	T122	C0017243
27695327	1314	1320	ratios	T081	C0456603
27695327	1327	1337	systematic	T169	C0220922
27695327	1338	1348	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27695327	1352	1366	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27695327	1368	1381	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27695327	1387	1413	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27695327	1415	1422	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27695327	1423	1435	osteogenesis	T042	C0029433
27695327	1439	1448	nude mice	T015	C0025932
27695327	1471	1476	GelMA	T109	C0029224
27695327	1479	1482	nHA	T197	C0020326
27695327	1483	1492	microgels	T122	C0017243
27695327	1503	1514	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27695327	1515	1532	microarchitecture	T080	C0205556
27695327	1534	1553	mechanical strength	T078	C0808080
27695327	1559	1566	surface	T082	C0205148
27695327	1567	1576	roughness	T080	C0205556
27695327	1592	1605	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27695327	1610	1623	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27695327	1643	1648	GelMA	T109	C0029224
27695327	1651	1654	nHA	T197	C0020326
27695327	1655	1664	microgels	T122	C0017243
27695327	1678	1686	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27695327	1691	1717	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27695327	1721	1728	hPDLSCs	T025	C0038250
27695327	1732	1741	elevating	T080	C3163633
27695327	1746	1763	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27695327	1767	1787	osteogenic biomarker	T201	C0005516
27695327	1788	1793	genes	T028	C0017337
27695327	1803	1806	ALP	T028	C0017337
27695327	1808	1811	BSP	T028	C1415840
27695327	1813	1816	OCN	T028	C1412791
27695327	1822	1827	RUNX2	T028	C1419771
27695327	1829	1836	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27695327	1837	1844	ectopic	T082	C0574895
27695327	1845	1860	transplantation	T061	C0040732
27695327	1861	1868	results	T169	C1274040
27695327	1881	1886	GelMA	T109	C0029224
27695327	1889	1892	nHA	T197	C0020326
27695327	1893	1902	microgels	T122	C0017243
27695327	1916	1925	increased	T081	C0205217
27695327	1926	1944	mineralized tissue	T024	C0040300
27695327	1945	1954	formation	T169	C1522492
27695327	1960	1968	abundant	T080	C2346714
27695327	1969	1984	vascularization	T169	C0042382
27695327	1986	1994	compared	T052	C1707455
27695327	2025	2036	GelMA group	T109	C0029224
27695327	2042	2047	GelMA	T109	C0029224
27695327	2050	2053	nHA	T197	C0020326
27695327	2054	2063	microgels	T122	C0017243
27695327	2089	2096	hPDLSCs	T025	C0038250
27695327	2097	2106	viability	T043	C0007620
27695327	2108	2121	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27695327	2127	2153	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27695327	2154	2162	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27695327	2167	2174	further	T082	C1517331
27695327	2175	2183	promoted	T052	C0033414
27695327	2184	2187	new	T080	C0205314
27695327	2188	2202	bone formation	T042	C0029433
27695327	2203	2210	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27695327	2232	2237	GelMA	T109	C0029224
27695327	2240	2243	nHA	T197	C0020326
27695327	2244	2253	microgels	T122	C0017243
27695327	2267	2274	provide	T052	C1999230
27695327	2281	2290	potential	T080	C3245505
27695327	2295	2326	periodontal tissue regeneration	T061	C1448477

27695342|t|Limb-salvage treatment of en-block resected distal femoral tumors with endoprosthesis of all-polyethylene tibial component: a 9-year follow-up study
27695342|a|To evaluate the medium-term outcome of limb-salvage surgery using all- polyethylene tibial endoprosthetic replacement following en-block resection for distal femoral tumors. Forty-nine patients with distal femoral tumor were treated between June 2006 and June 2012. The follow-up period was 6-110 months (average 53.4 months). The prosthetic survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The classification of failure of limb salvage after reconstructive surgery for bone tumors was adapted. Limb function was evaluated with the scoring system of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS). Complications were observed in six cases (12.2%). Four suffered infection around the prosthesis, of which two cases were treated with debridement, drainage, and antibiotics without removal of the prosthesis, and the other two cases underwent amputation. Two cases were identified as radiographically loose at 7 year follow-up and did not require revision surgery. One patient underwent amputation due to local recurrence. Failure of limb salvage occurred in nine cases (18.4%), of which two cases were of type 1A, two cases of type 2B, three cases of type 4A, one case of type 4B, and one case of type 5A. The mean MSTS score was 84.3%. Twelve cases died due to distant metastases (24.5%), and the average survival time for these patients was 13.5 months. Thirty-seven patients survived (75.5%), for whom the average follow-up time was 66.3 months and the 5-year prosthetic survival rate was 88.2%. The outcome of medium-term and long-term clinical follow-up was satisfactory. All- polyethylene tibial endoprosthetic replacement following en-block resection can be an alternative method of limb salvage for distal femoral tumors.
27695342	0	22	Limb-salvage treatment	T061	C2609068
27695342	26	43	en-block resected	T061	C0015252
27695342	26	65	en-block resected distal femoral tumors	T191	C0005967
27695342	71	85	endoprosthesis	T061	C0565516
27695342	89	122	all-polyethylene tibial component	T109,T122	C0137914
27695342	133	148	follow-up study	T058	C3274571
27695342	165	184	medium-term outcome	T169	C1274040
27695342	188	208	limb-salvage surgery	T061	C1517885
27695342	220	232	polyethylene	T109,T122	C0137914
27695342	233	266	tibial endoprosthetic replacement	T061	C0407648
27695342	277	295	en-block resection	T061	C0015252
27695342	300	321	distal femoral tumors	T191	C0005967
27695342	334	342	patients	T101	C0030705
27695342	348	368	distal femoral tumor	T191	C0005967
27695342	374	381	treated	T061	C0332293
27695342	419	428	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27695342	429	435	period	T079	C1948053
27695342	480	499	prosthetic survival	T067	C3179277
27695342	523	542	Kaplan-Meier method	T062	C0038953
27695342	566	573	failure	T169	C0231174
27695342	577	589	limb salvage	T061	C0949591
27695342	596	618	reconstructive surgery	T061	C0524865
27695342	623	634	bone tumors	T191	C0005967
27695342	648	661	Limb function	T039	C0031843
27695342	685	699	scoring system	T170	C0282574
27695342	707	736	Musculoskeletal Tumor Society	T094	C0037459
27695342	738	742	MSTS	T094	C0037459
27695342	745	758	Complications	T046	C0009566
27695342	780	785	cases	T077	C1706256
27695342	809	818	infection	T046	C3714514
27695342	830	840	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27695342	855	860	cases	T077	C1706256
27695342	866	873	treated	T061	C0332293
27695342	879	890	debridement	T061	C0011079
27695342	892	900	drainage	T061	C0013103
27695342	906	917	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27695342	926	951	removal of the prosthesis	T061	C0015252
27695342	941	951	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
27695342	971	976	cases	T077	C1706256
27695342	987	997	amputation	T061	C0002688
27695342	1003	1008	cases	T077	C1706256
27695342	1028	1050	radiographically loose	T033	C0243095
27695342	1061	1070	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27695342	1075	1090	did not require	T080	C0332126
27695342	1091	1107	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27695342	1113	1120	patient	T101	C0030705
27695342	1131	1141	amputation	T061	C0002688
27695342	1149	1165	local recurrence	T191	C0027643
27695342	1167	1174	Failure	T169	C0231174
27695342	1178	1190	limb salvage	T061	C0949591
27695342	1208	1213	cases	T077	C1706256
27695342	1236	1241	cases	T077	C1706256
27695342	1250	1257	type 1A	T185	C0008902
27695342	1263	1268	cases	T077	C1706256
27695342	1272	1279	type 2B	T185	C0008902
27695342	1287	1292	cases	T077	C1706256
27695342	1296	1303	type 4A	T185	C0008902
27695342	1317	1324	type 4B	T185	C0008902
27695342	1342	1349	type 5A	T185	C0008902
27695342	1355	1370	mean MSTS score	T170	C4054451
27695342	1389	1394	cases	T077	C1706256
27695342	1395	1399	died	T040	C0011065
27695342	1407	1425	distant metastases	T191	C0027627
27695342	1443	1464	average survival time	T081	C0086595
27695342	1475	1483	patients	T101	C0030705
27695342	1514	1522	patients	T101	C0030705
27695342	1523	1531	survived	T052	C0038952
27695342	1562	1571	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27695342	1608	1627	prosthetic survival	T067	C3179277
27695342	1628	1632	rate	T081	C1521828
27695342	1648	1655	outcome	T169	C1274040
27695342	1659	1670	medium-term	T079	C1948053
27695342	1675	1684	long-term	T079	C1948053
27695342	1685	1703	clinical follow-up	T058	C1522577
27695342	1727	1739	polyethylene	T109,T122	C0137914
27695342	1740	1773	tibial endoprosthetic replacement	T061	C0407648
27695342	1784	1802	en-block resection	T061	C0015252
27695342	1835	1847	limb salvage	T061	C0949591
27695342	1852	1873	distal femoral tumors	T191	C0005967

27695358|t|The correlation between CYP2D6 isoenzyme activity and haloperidol efficacy and safety profile in patients with alcohol addiction during the exacerbation of the addiction
27695358|a|Today, it is proved that isoenzymes CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 are involved in metabolism of haloperidol. In our previous investigation, we found a medium correlation between the efficacy and safety of haloperidol and the activity of CYP3A4 in patients with alcohol abuse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the activity of CYP2D6 and the efficacy and safety of haloperidol in patients with diagnosed alcohol abuse. The study involved 70 men (average age: 40.83±9.92 years) with alcohol addiction. A series of psychometric scales were used in the research. The activity of CYP2D6 was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry using the ratio of 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline to pinoline. Genotyping of CYP2D6 (1846G>A) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. According to results of correlation analysis, statistically significant values of Spearman correlation coefficient (rs) between the activity of CYP2D6 and the difference of points in psychometric scale were obtained in patients receiving haloperidol in injection form (Sheehan Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale =-0.721 [P<0.001] and Udvald for Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale =0.692 [P<0.001]) and in those receiving haloperidol in tablet form (Covi Anxiety Scale =-0.851 [P<0.001] and Udvald for Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale =0.797 [P<0.001]). This study demonstrated the correlations between the activity of CYP2D6 isozyme and the efficacy and safety of haloperidol in patients with alcohol addiction.
27695358	4	15	correlation	T080	C1707520
27695358	24	30	CYP2D6	T116,T126	C0057223
27695358	31	49	isoenzyme activity	T044	C0243102
27695358	54	65	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27695358	66	74	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27695358	79	93	safety profile	T169	C2003903
27695358	97	105	patients	T101	C0030705
27695358	111	128	alcohol addiction	T048	C0001973
27695358	140	152	exacerbation	T033	C4086268
27695358	160	169	addiction	T048	C0001973
27695358	195	205	isoenzymes	T116,T126	C0022173
27695358	206	212	CYP2D6	T116,T126	C0057223
27695358	217	223	CYP3A4	T116,T126	C1142644
27695358	240	250	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27695358	254	265	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27695358	283	296	investigation	T169	C1292732
27695358	316	327	correlation	T080	C1707520
27695358	340	348	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27695358	353	359	safety	T068	C0036043
27695358	363	374	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27695358	383	391	activity	T044	C0243102
27695358	395	401	CYP3A4	T116,T126	C1142644
27695358	405	413	patients	T101	C0030705
27695358	419	432	alcohol abuse	T048	C0085762
27695358	450	455	study	T062	C2603343
27695358	463	471	evaluate	T169	C1292732
27695358	476	487	correlation	T080	C1707520
27695358	500	508	activity	T044	C0243102
27695358	512	518	CYP2D6	T116,T126	C0057223
27695358	527	535	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27695358	540	546	safety	T068	C0036043
27695358	550	561	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27695358	565	573	patients	T101	C0030705
27695358	589	602	alcohol abuse	T048	C0085762
27695358	608	613	study	T062	C2603343
27695358	626	629	men	T098	C0025266
27695358	639	642	age	T032	C0001779
27695358	655	660	years	T079	C0439234
27695358	667	684	alcohol addiction	T048	C0001973
27695358	698	717	psychometric scales	T170	C0349674
27695358	735	743	research	T062	C0035168
27695358	749	757	activity	T044	C0243102
27695358	761	767	CYP2D6	T116,T126	C0057223
27695358	785	823	high-performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562
27695358	829	846	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27695358	857	862	ratio	T081	C0456603
27695358	866	909	6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline	T109	C0049585
27695358	913	921	pinoline	T109,T121	C0049646
27695358	923	933	Genotyping	T059	C1285573
27695358	937	943	CYP2D6	T116,T126	C0057223
27695358	974	1009	real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1709846
27695358	1035	1055	correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
27695358	1057	1082	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27695358	1083	1089	values	T080	C0042295
27695358	1093	1125	Spearman correlation coefficient	T081	C0242929
27695358	1127	1129	rs	T081	C0242929
27695358	1143	1151	activity	T044	C0243102
27695358	1155	1161	CYP2D6	T116,T126	C0057223
27695358	1194	1212	psychometric scale	T170	C0349674
27695358	1230	1238	patients	T101	C0030705
27695358	1249	1260	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27695358	1264	1278	injection form	T122	C1272883
27695358	1280	1317	Sheehan Clinical Anxiety Rating Scale	T081,T170	C0681889
27695358	1340	1398	Udvald for Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale	T081,T170	C0681889
27695358	1440	1451	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27695358	1455	1466	tablet form	T122	C0993159
27695358	1468	1486	Covi Anxiety Scale	T170	C0451073
27695358	1509	1567	Udvald for Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale	T081,T170	C0681889
27695358	1592	1597	study	T062	C2603343
27695358	1615	1627	correlations	T080	C1707520
27695358	1640	1648	activity	T044	C0243102
27695358	1652	1666	CYP2D6 isozyme	T116,T126	C0057223
27695358	1675	1683	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27695358	1688	1694	safety	T068	C0036043
27695358	1698	1709	haloperidol	T109,T121	C0018546
27695358	1713	1721	patients	T101	C0030705
27695358	1727	1744	alcohol addiction	T048	C0001973

27695680|t|Did FIDELIS projects contribute to the detection of new smear - positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in China?
27695680|a|Setting: The first phase of the Fund for Innovative DOTS Expansion through Local Initiatives to Stop TB (FIDELIS) projects in China started in 2003. Objective: To determine whether the FIDELIS projects contribute d to the increased case detection rate for new smear - positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in China. Methods: We compared the case notification rates (CNRs) in the intervention year with those of the previous year in the FIDELIS areas, then compared the difference between the CNRs of the intervention year and the previous year in the FIDELIS areas with those in the non-FI-DELIS areas within the province. Results: There was an increase in the CNR in the intervention year compared with the previous year for all the project sites. The differences between the CNR in the intervention year and the previous year ranged from 6.4 to 31.1 per 100 000 population in the FIDELIS areas and from 2.9 to 20.4/100 000 in the non-FIDELIS areas. Differences -in- differences analysis shows that the differences in the CNRs in the FIDELIS areas were not statistically significantly different from those in the non- FIDELIS areas (P = 0.393). Conclusion: The FIDELIS projects may have contributed to the increase in case detection of new smear - positive PTB in China, but the level of evidence is low.
27695680	4	11	FIDELIS	T170	C0282574
27695680	12	20	projects	T077	C1709701
27695680	21	31	contribute	T052	C1880177
27695680	39	48	detection	T033	C0442726
27695680	56	61	smear	T059	C2019329
27695680	64	72	positive	T033	C1514241
27695680	73	95	pulmonary tuberculosis	T047	C0041327
27695680	105	110	China	T083	C0008115
27695680	125	215	first phase of the Fund for Innovative DOTS Expansion through Local Initiatives to Stop TB	T170	C0282574
27695680	217	224	FIDELIS	T170	C0282574
27695680	226	234	projects	T077	C1709701
27695680	238	243	China	T083	C0008115
27695680	297	304	FIDELIS	T170	C0282574
27695680	305	313	projects	T077	C1709701
27695680	314	324	contribute	T052	C1880177
27695680	334	343	increased	T081	C0205217
27695680	344	348	case	T169	C0868928
27695680	349	358	detection	T033	C0442726
27695680	359	363	rate	T081	C1521828
27695680	372	377	smear	T059	C2019329
27695680	380	388	positive	T033	C1514241
27695680	389	411	pulmonary tuberculosis	T047	C0041327
27695680	413	416	PTB	T047	C0041327
27695680	421	426	China	T083	C0008115
27695680	440	448	compared	T052	C1707455
27695680	453	476	case notification rates	T081	C1521828
27695680	478	482	CNRs	T081	C1521828
27695680	491	508	intervention year	T079	C0439234
27695680	527	535	previous	T079	C0205156
27695680	536	540	year	T079	C0439234
27695680	548	555	FIDELIS	T170	C0282574
27695680	556	561	areas	T083	C0017446
27695680	568	576	compared	T052	C1707455
27695680	581	591	difference	T080	C1705242
27695680	604	608	CNRs	T081	C1521828
27695680	616	633	intervention year	T079	C0439234
27695680	642	650	previous	T079	C0205156
27695680	651	655	year	T079	C0439234
27695680	663	670	FIDELIS	T170	C0282574
27695680	671	676	areas	T083	C0017446
27695680	695	707	non-FI-DELIS	T033	C0243095
27695680	708	713	areas	T083	C0017446
27695680	725	733	province	T083	C1514578
27695680	757	765	increase	T169	C0442805
27695680	773	776	CNR	T081	C1521828
27695680	784	801	intervention year	T079	C0439234
27695680	802	810	compared	T052	C1707455
27695680	820	828	previous	T079	C0205156
27695680	829	833	year	T079	C0439234
27695680	846	853	project	T077	C1709701
27695680	865	876	differences	T080	C1705242
27695680	889	892	CNR	T081	C1521828
27695680	900	917	intervention year	T079	C0439234
27695680	926	934	previous	T079	C0205156
27695680	935	939	year	T079	C0439234
27695680	940	946	ranged	T081	C1514721
27695680	976	986	population	T098	C1257890
27695680	994	1001	FIDELIS	T170	C0282574
27695680	1002	1007	areas	T083	C0017446
27695680	1044	1055	non-FIDELIS	T033	C0243095
27695680	1056	1061	areas	T083	C0017446
27695680	1063	1074	Differences	T080	C1705242
27695680	1080	1091	differences	T080	C1705242
27695680	1092	1100	analysis	T062	C0936012
27695680	1116	1127	differences	T080	C1705242
27695680	1135	1139	CNRs	T081	C1521828
27695680	1147	1154	FIDELIS	T170	C0282574
27695680	1155	1160	areas	T083	C0017446
27695680	1170	1197	statistically significantly	T081	C0237881
27695680	1198	1207	different	T080	C1705242
27695680	1231	1238	FIDELIS	T170	C0282574
27695680	1239	1244	areas	T083	C0017446
27695680	1274	1281	FIDELIS	T170	C0282574
27695680	1282	1290	projects	T077	C1709701
27695680	1300	1311	contributed	T052	C1880177
27695680	1319	1327	increase	T169	C0442805
27695680	1331	1335	case	T169	C0868928
27695680	1336	1345	detection	T033	C0442726
27695680	1353	1358	smear	T059	C2019329
27695680	1361	1369	positive	T033	C1514241
27695680	1370	1373	PTB	T047	C0041327
27695680	1377	1382	China	T083	C0008115
27695680	1392	1397	level	T080	C0441889
27695680	1401	1409	evidence	T078	C3887511
27695680	1413	1416	low	T080	C0205251

27696493|t|Time trends in the health care burden and mortality of acute on chronic liver failure in the United States
27696493|a|Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with multisystem organ failure and poor prognosis in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. We aimed to determine time trends in the epidemiology, economic burden, and mortality of ACLF in the United States. The National Inpatient Sample database was queried between 2001 and 2011. ACLF was defined as two or more extrahepatic organ failures in patients with cirrhosis. The primary outcomes were trends in hospitalizations, hospital costs, and inpatient mortality. The number of hospitalizations for cirrhosis in the United States nearly doubled from 371,000 in 2001 to 659,000 in 2011. The prevalence of ACLF among those hospitalizations increased from 1.5% (n = 5,400) to 5% (n = 32,300). The inpatient costs increased 2-fold for cirrhosis ($4.8 billion to $9.8 billion) and 5-fold ($320 million to $1.7 billion) for ACLF. In 2011, the cost per hospitalization for ACLF was 3.5-fold higher than that for cirrhosis ($53,570 versus $15,193). The in-hospital fatality rates decreased from 65% to 50% for ACLF and from 10% to 7% for cirrhosis. The organ failure trends in ACLF showed an increasing proportion of cardiovascular and cerebral and decreasing proportion of respiratory and renal failure. Age, male sex, and the number and types of organ failure were predictors of death in ACLF. Cirrhosis and ACLF represent a substantial and increasing health and economic burden in the United States; these data highlight an urgent need for research on pathophysiological mechanisms and effective therapy as well as for education of health care providers of its importance in the care of patients with cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2016).
27696493	0	11	Time trends	T079	C1254367
27696493	19	37	health care burden	T081	C0162698
27696493	42	51	mortality	T081	C0205848
27696493	55	85	acute on chronic liver failure	T047	C3850141
27696493	93	106	United States	T083	C0041703
27696493	107	137	Acute on chronic liver failure	T047	C3850141
27696493	139	143	ACLF	T047	C3850141
27696493	164	189	multisystem organ failure	T046	C0026766
27696493	199	208	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27696493	212	233	hospitalized patients	T101	C0870668
27696493	239	248	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
27696493	272	283	time trends	T079	C1254367
27696493	291	303	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27696493	305	320	economic burden	T081	C1512163
27696493	326	335	mortality	T081	C0205848
27696493	339	343	ACLF	T047	C3850141
27696493	351	364	United States	T083	C0041703
27696493	370	404	National Inpatient Sample database	T170	C0242356
27696493	409	416	queried	T170	C1522634
27696493	440	444	ACLF	T047	C3850141
27696493	472	499	extrahepatic organ failures	T033	C0561718
27696493	503	511	patients	T101	C0030705
27696493	517	526	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
27696493	564	580	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27696493	582	596	hospital costs	T081	C0206174
27696493	602	621	inpatient mortality	T081	C0178686
27696493	637	653	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27696493	658	667	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
27696493	675	688	United States	T083	C0041703
27696493	749	759	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27696493	763	767	ACLF	T047	C3850141
27696493	780	796	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27696493	797	806	increased	T081	C0205217
27696493	853	862	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27696493	869	878	increased	T081	C0205217
27696493	890	899	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
27696493	977	981	ACLF	T047	C3850141
27696493	1005	1020	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27696493	1025	1029	ACLF	T047	C3850141
27696493	1064	1073	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
27696493	1104	1130	in-hospital fatality rates	T081	C0282250
27696493	1131	1140	decreased	T081	C0205216
27696493	1161	1165	ACLF	T047	C3850141
27696493	1189	1198	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
27696493	1204	1224	organ failure trends	T033	C0561718
27696493	1228	1232	ACLF	T047	C3850141
27696493	1243	1253	increasing	T081	C0205217
27696493	1254	1264	proportion	T081	C1709707
27696493	1268	1282	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27696493	1287	1295	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27696493	1300	1310	decreasing	T081	C0205216
27696493	1311	1321	proportion	T081	C1709707
27696493	1325	1336	respiratory	T047	C1145670
27696493	1341	1354	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27696493	1356	1359	Age	T032	C0001779
27696493	1361	1369	male sex	T032	C0086582
27696493	1399	1412	organ failure	T033	C0561718
27696493	1418	1428	predictors	T170	C0683956
27696493	1432	1437	death	T033	C1306577
27696493	1441	1445	ACLF	T047	C3850141
27696493	1447	1456	Cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
27696493	1461	1465	ACLF	T047	C3850141
27696493	1494	1504	increasing	T081	C0205217
27696493	1516	1531	economic burden	T081	C1512163
27696493	1539	1552	United States	T083	C0041703
27696493	1594	1602	research	T062	C0035168
27696493	1606	1624	pathophysiological	T169	C0031847
27696493	1625	1635	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27696493	1640	1657	effective therapy	T061	C0087111
27696493	1673	1682	education	T065	C0018701
27696493	1686	1707	health care providers	T097	C0018724
27696493	1733	1737	care	T058	C0086388
27696493	1741	1749	patients	T101	C0030705
27696493	1755	1764	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038

27696737|t|Highly polygenic architecture of antidepressant treatment response: Comparative analysis of SSRI and NRI treatment in an animal model of depression
27696737|a|Response to antidepressant (AD) treatment may be a more polygenic trait than previously hypothesized, with many genetic variants interacting in yet unclear ways. In this study we used methods that can automatically learn to detect patterns of statistical regularity from a sparsely distributed signal across hippocampal transcriptome measurements in a large-scale animal pharmacogenomic study to uncover genomic variations associated with AD. The study used four inbred mouse strains of both sexes, two drug treatments, and a control group (escitalopram, nortriptyline, and saline). Multi-class and binary classification using Machine Learning (ML) and regularization algorithms using iterative and univariate feature selection methods, including InfoGain, mRMR, ANOVA, and Chi Square, were used to uncover genomic markers associated with AD response. Relevant genes were selected based on Jaccard distance and carried forward for gene-network analysis. Linear association methods uncovered only one gene associated with drug treatment response. The implementation of ML algorithms, together with feature reduction methods, revealed a set of 204 genes associated with SSRI and 241 genes associated with NRI response. Although only 10% of genes overlapped across the two drugs, network analysis shows that both drugs modulated the CREB pathway, through different molecular mechanisms. Through careful implementation and optimisations, the algorithms detected a weak signal used to predict whether an animal was treated with nortriptyline (77%) or escitalopram (67%) on an independent testing set. The results from this study indicate that the molecular signature of AD treatment may include a much broader range of genomic markers than previously hypothesized, suggesting that response to medication may be as complex as the pathology. The search for biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response could therefore consider a higher number of genetic markers and their interactions. Through predominately different molecular targets and mechanisms of action, the two drugs modulate the same Creb1 pathway which plays a key role in neurotrophic responses and in inflammatory processes. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27696737	7	29	polygenic architecture	T045	C1148552
27696737	33	47	antidepressant	T121	C0003289
27696737	48	66	treatment response	T201	C0521982
27696737	68	88	Comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
27696737	92	96	SSRI	T121	C0360105
27696737	101	104	NRI	T121	C1319272
27696737	105	114	treatment	T061	C0087111
27696737	121	147	animal model of depression	T050	C0012644
27696737	148	156	Response	T201	C0521982
27696737	160	174	antidepressant	T121	C0003289
27696737	176	178	AD	T045	C4277630
27696737	180	189	treatment	T061	C0087111
27696737	204	219	polygenic trait	T045	C1148552
27696737	260	276	genetic variants	T045	C4277630
27696737	318	323	study	T062	C2603343
27696737	332	339	methods	T170	C0025663
27696737	349	362	automatically	T033	C3842331
27696737	372	378	detect	T061	C1511790
27696737	379	387	patterns	T082	C0449774
27696737	391	413	statistical regularity	T080	C0449581
27696737	421	441	sparsely distributed	T169	C1704711
27696737	442	448	signal	T067	C1710082
27696737	456	467	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27696737	468	481	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27696737	482	494	measurements	T169	C0242485
27696737	512	518	animal	T008	C0003062
27696737	519	540	pharmacogenomic study	T062	C1709519
27696737	552	570	genomic variations	T045	C2717924
27696737	571	586	associated with	T080	C0332281
27696737	587	589	AD	T045	C4277630
27696737	595	600	study	T062	C2603343
27696737	611	631	inbred mouse strains	T015	C0025927
27696737	640	645	sexes	T032	C0079399
27696737	651	666	drug treatments	T061	C0013216
27696737	674	687	control group	T096	C0009932
27696737	689	701	escitalopram	T109,T121	C1099456
27696737	703	716	nortriptyline	T109,T121	C0028420
27696737	722	728	saline	T167	C0036082
27696737	731	742	Multi-class	T185	C0008902
27696737	747	768	binary classification	T185	C0008902
27696737	775	791	Machine Learning	T066	C0376284
27696737	793	795	ML	T066	C0376284
27696737	801	826	regularization algorithms	T170	C0002045
27696737	833	842	iterative	T080	C0205556
27696737	847	865	univariate feature	T080	C2348519
27696737	866	883	selection methods	T170	C0025663
27696737	895	903	InfoGain	T062	C1510568
27696737	905	909	mRMR	T062	C1510568
27696737	911	916	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27696737	922	932	Chi Square	T081	C1552646
27696737	955	970	genomic markers	T045	C0017393
27696737	971	986	associated with	T080	C0332281
27696737	987	989	AD	T045	C4277630
27696737	990	998	response	T201	C0521982
27696737	1000	1008	Relevant	T080	C2347946
27696737	1009	1014	genes	T028	C0017337
27696737	1038	1054	Jaccard distance	T081	C0392762
27696737	1079	1091	gene-network	T044	C1720950
27696737	1092	1100	analysis	T062	C0936012
27696737	1102	1128	Linear association methods	T170	C0025663
27696737	1148	1152	gene	T028	C0017337
27696737	1153	1168	associated with	T080	C0332281
27696737	1169	1173	drug	T121	C0013227
27696737	1174	1192	treatment response	T201	C0521982
27696737	1198	1212	implementation	T052	C1708476
27696737	1216	1218	ML	T066	C0376284
27696737	1219	1229	algorithms	T170	C0002045
27696737	1245	1270	feature reduction methods	T170	C0025663
27696737	1294	1299	genes	T028	C0017337
27696737	1300	1315	associated with	T080	C0332281
27696737	1316	1320	SSRI	T121	C0360105
27696737	1329	1334	genes	T028	C0017337
27696737	1335	1350	associated with	T080	C0332281
27696737	1351	1354	NRI	T121	C1319272
27696737	1355	1363	response	T201	C0521982
27696737	1386	1391	genes	T028	C0017337
27696737	1392	1402	overlapped	T079	C1948020
27696737	1418	1423	drugs	T121	C0013227
27696737	1425	1441	network analysis	T170	C0868995
27696737	1458	1463	drugs	T121	C0013227
27696737	1478	1490	CREB pathway	T044	C1511454
27696737	1510	1530	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1148560
27696737	1548	1562	implementation	T052	C1708476
27696737	1567	1580	optimisations	T052	C2698650
27696737	1586	1596	algorithms	T170	C0002045
27696737	1608	1619	weak signal	T033	C0243095
27696737	1647	1653	animal	T008	C0003062
27696737	1658	1670	treated with	T061	C0332293
27696737	1671	1684	nortriptyline	T109,T121	C0028420
27696737	1694	1706	escitalopram	T109,T121	C1099456
27696737	1748	1755	results	T169	C1274040
27696737	1766	1771	study	T062	C2603343
27696737	1790	1809	molecular signature	T169	C1704864
27696737	1813	1815	AD	T045	C4277630
27696737	1816	1825	treatment	T061	C0087111
27696737	1862	1877	genomic markers	T045	C0017393
27696737	1924	1932	response	T201	C0521982
27696737	1936	1946	medication	T121	C0013227
27696737	1972	1981	pathology	T169	C0205469
27696737	1998	2008	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27696737	2012	2026	antidepressant	T121	C0003289
27696737	2027	2045	treatment response	T201	C0521982
27696737	2090	2105	genetic markers	T045	C0017393
27696737	2116	2128	interactions	T169	C1704675
27696737	2162	2179	molecular targets	T104,T120	C1513403
27696737	2184	2204	mechanisms of action	T169	C1524059
27696737	2214	2219	drugs	T121	C0013227
27696737	2220	2228	modulate	T061	C0279532
27696737	2238	2251	Creb1 pathway	T044	C1511454
27696737	2278	2300	neurotrophic responses	T201	C0521982
27696737	2308	2330	inflammatory processes	T046	C0021368

27697474|t|Formation of an Intraretinal Fluid Barrier in Cavitary Optic Disc Maculopathy
27697474|a|Cavitary optic disc maculopathy develops when fluctuating pressure gradients along anomalous communications in the optic nerve head induce migration of fluid into the adjacent retinal tissue. We sought to determine whether carefully titrated laser photocoagulation combined with vitrectomy and gas tamponade can safely create an effective intraretinal barrier to fluid egress from the optic disc cavitation. Retrospective interventional case series. We retrospectively evaluated medical records and imaging studies of 22 consecutive patients with cavitary disc maculopathy evaluated by a single surgeon between 1991 and 2014. Patients requiring surgery underwent carefully titrated juxtapapillary laser photocoagulation followed immediately by vitrectomy and gas tamponade. Main outcome measures were change in visual acuity, macular fluid resolution, and recurrence of maculopathy. Eleven patients (11 eyes) had undergone vitreous surgery and were included in the study. No preoperative evidence for vitreous traction on the optic disc or macula was seen in any eye. Nine patients underwent a single surgery and 2 patients required additional procedures to resolve the macular fluid. Mean length of follow-up after the last surgery was 48.2 months (range, 4-143 months). All 11 patients (100%) had complete resolution of macular fluid, with an average time to resolution of 8.5 months (range, 1-18 months). Only 1 of 11 patients (9%) had recurrence of macular fluid (14 months postoperatively). The average preoperative visual acuity of 20/125 (logMAR 0.81, standard deviation [SD] = 0.36) improved by nearly 4 lines to an average final visual acuity of 20/57 (logMAR 0.45, SD = 0.37) (P = .0072). A possible laser - induced central scotoma was suspected in only 1 patient who had undergone extensive prior laser treatments. An effective intraretinal barrier to fluid migration from cavitary optic disc anomalies can be safely achieved in most patients with carefully titrated juxtapapillary laser photocoagulation combined with vitrectomy and gas tamponade. Once achieved, the barrier facilitates resolution of macular fluid and long-term avoidance of recurrent maculopathy.
27697474	0	9	Formation	T169	C1522492
27697474	16	28	Intraretinal	T029	C0005898
27697474	29	42	Fluid Barrier	T033	C4062768
27697474	46	65	Cavitary Optic Disc	T023	C0029127
27697474	66	77	Maculopathy	T047	C0730362
27697474	78	97	Cavitary optic disc	T023	C0029127
27697474	98	109	maculopathy	T047	C0730362
27697474	124	135	fluctuating	T079	C0231241
27697474	136	144	pressure	T067	C0033095
27697474	145	154	gradients	T081	C0812409
27697474	161	170	anomalous	T033	C3277934
27697474	193	209	optic nerve head	T023	C0029127
27697474	217	226	migration	T169	C0232902
27697474	230	235	fluid	T031	C0005889
27697474	245	253	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27697474	254	261	retinal	T023	C0035298
27697474	262	268	tissue	T024	C0040300
27697474	283	292	determine	T080	C0521095
27697474	311	319	titrated	T058	C1883350
27697474	320	342	laser photocoagulation	T061	C0441510
27697474	357	367	vitrectomy	T061	C0042903
27697474	372	385	gas tamponade	T061	C1960208
27697474	407	416	effective	T080	C1704419
27697474	417	429	intraretinal	T029	C0005898
27697474	430	453	barrier to fluid egress	T033	C4062768
27697474	463	473	optic disc	T023	C0029127
27697474	486	499	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
27697474	531	546	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27697474	557	572	medical records	T170	C0025102
27697474	577	592	imaging studies	T060	C1881134
27697474	599	610	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27697474	611	619	patients	T101	C0030705
27697474	625	638	cavitary disc	T023	C0029127
27697474	639	650	maculopathy	T047	C0730362
27697474	651	660	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27697474	666	672	single	T081	C0205171
27697474	673	680	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27697474	704	712	Patients	T101	C0030705
27697474	723	730	surgery	T169	C0038895
27697474	751	759	titrated	T058	C1883350
27697474	760	774	juxtapapillary	T023	C0229962
27697474	775	797	laser photocoagulation	T061	C0441510
27697474	807	818	immediately	T079	C0205548
27697474	822	832	vitrectomy	T061	C0042903
27697474	837	850	gas tamponade	T061	C1960208
27697474	857	864	outcome	T080	C0085415
27697474	865	873	measures	T081	C0079809
27697474	879	885	change	T169	C0392747
27697474	889	902	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27697474	904	917	macular fluid	T031	C0005889
27697474	918	928	resolution	T169	C0205245
27697474	934	944	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27697474	948	959	maculopathy	T047	C0730362
27697474	968	976	patients	T101	C0030705
27697474	981	985	eyes	T023	C0015392
27697474	1001	1017	vitreous surgery	T061	C2037746
27697474	1043	1048	study	T062	C2603343
27697474	1050	1074	No preoperative evidence	T080	C0332125
27697474	1079	1096	vitreous traction	T047	C3161192
27697474	1104	1114	optic disc	T023	C0029127
27697474	1118	1124	macula	T023	C0450295
27697474	1141	1144	eye	T023	C0015392
27697474	1151	1159	patients	T101	C0030705
27697474	1179	1186	surgery	T061	C0543467
27697474	1193	1201	patients	T101	C0030705
27697474	1211	1221	additional	T169	C1524062
27697474	1222	1232	procedures	T169	C2700391
27697474	1236	1243	resolve	T169	C0205245
27697474	1248	1261	macular fluid	T031	C0005889
27697474	1263	1267	Mean	T081	C0444504
27697474	1268	1287	length of follow-up	UnknownType	C0814872
27697474	1303	1310	surgery	T061	C0543467
27697474	1320	1326	months	T079	C0439231
27697474	1328	1333	range	T081	C1514721
27697474	1341	1347	months	T079	C0439231
27697474	1357	1365	patients	T101	C0030705
27697474	1386	1396	resolution	T169	C0205245
27697474	1400	1413	macular fluid	T031	C0005889
27697474	1423	1430	average	T081	C1510992
27697474	1439	1449	resolution	T169	C0205245
27697474	1457	1463	months	T079	C0439231
27697474	1465	1470	range	T081	C1514721
27697474	1477	1483	months	T079	C0439231
27697474	1499	1507	patients	T101	C0030705
27697474	1517	1527	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27697474	1531	1544	macular fluid	T031	C0005889
27697474	1549	1555	months	T079	C0439231
27697474	1556	1571	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27697474	1578	1585	average	T081	C1510992
27697474	1586	1598	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27697474	1599	1612	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27697474	1637	1655	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27697474	1657	1659	SD	T081	C0871420
27697474	1702	1709	average	T081	C1510992
27697474	1716	1729	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27697474	1753	1755	SD	T081	C0871420
27697474	1788	1793	laser	T061	C0850168
27697474	1796	1803	induced	T169	C0205263
27697474	1804	1819	central scotoma	T033	C0152191
27697474	1844	1851	patient	T101	C0030705
27697474	1870	1879	extensive	T080	C0205231
27697474	1880	1885	prior	T079	C0332152
27697474	1886	1902	laser treatments	T061	C0850168
27697474	1907	1916	effective	T080	C1280519
27697474	1917	1929	intraretinal	T029	C0005898
27697474	1930	1946	barrier to fluid	T033	C4062768
27697474	1947	1956	migration	T169	C0232902
27697474	1962	1991	cavitary optic disc anomalies	T047	C1969063
27697474	2023	2031	patients	T101	C0030705
27697474	2047	2055	titrated	T058	C1883350
27697474	2056	2070	juxtapapillary	T023	C0229962
27697474	2071	2093	laser photocoagulation	T061	C0441510
27697474	2108	2118	vitrectomy	T061	C0042903
27697474	2123	2136	gas tamponade	T061	C1960208
27697474	2157	2164	barrier	T033	C4062768
27697474	2177	2187	resolution	T169	C0205245
27697474	2191	2204	macular fluid	T031	C0005889
27697474	2209	2218	long-term	T079	C0443252
27697474	2232	2241	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27697474	2242	2253	maculopathy	T047	C0730362

27697561|t|Structural Insight into Recognition of Methylated Histone H3K4 by Set3
27697561|a|The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger of Set3 binds methylated lysine 4 of histone H3 in vitro and in vivo; however, precise selectivity of this domain has not been fully characterized. Here, we explore the determinants of methyllysine recognition by the PHD fingers of Set3 and its orthologs. We use X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic approaches to show that the Set3 PHD finger binds di- and trimethylated states of H3K4 with comparable affinities and employs similar molecular mechanisms to form complexes with either mark. Composition of the methyllysine - binding pocket plays an essential role in determining the selectivity of the PHD fingers. The finding that the histone-binding activity is not conserved in the PHD finger of Set4 suggests different functions for the Set3 and Set4 paralogs.
27697561	0	18	Structural Insight	T033	C0243095
27697561	24	35	Recognition	T044	C0599844
27697561	39	62	Methylated Histone H3K4	T044	C1658595
27697561	66	70	Set3	T087	C1519134
27697561	75	105	plant homeodomain (PHD) finger	T087	C1518791
27697561	109	113	Set3	T087	C1519134
27697561	114	153	binds methylated lysine 4 of histone H3	T044	C1323318
27697561	154	162	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27697561	167	174	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27697561	213	219	domain	T087	C1514562
27697561	291	303	methyllysine	T116	C0628442
27697561	304	315	recognition	T044	C0599844
27697561	323	334	PHD fingers	T087	C1518791
27697561	338	342	Set3	T087	C1519134
27697561	351	360	orthologs	T028	C1335144
27697561	369	391	X-ray crystallographic	T059	C0206755
27697561	396	420	spectroscopic approaches	T059	C0037812
27697561	438	442	Set3	T087	C1519134
27697561	443	453	PHD finger	T087	C1518791
27697561	454	496	binds di- and trimethylated states of H3K4	T044	C1323318
27697561	513	523	affinities	T070	C1510827
27697561	544	564	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1148560
27697561	573	582	complexes	T116	C0751282
27697561	601	612	Composition	T201	C0486616
27697561	620	632	methyllysine	T116	C0628442
27697561	635	649	binding pocket	T044	C2754087
27697561	677	704	determining the selectivity	T059	C0428635
27697561	712	723	PHD fingers	T087	C1518791
27697561	746	770	histone-binding activity	T044	C1149303
27697561	795	805	PHD finger	T087	C1518791
27697561	809	813	Set4	T087	C1519134
27697561	851	855	Set3	T087	C1519134
27697561	860	873	Set4 paralogs	T087	C1519134

27697674|t|Levels of the soluble LDL receptor-relative LR11 decrease in overweight individuals with type 2 diabetes upon diet-induced weight loss
27697674|a|Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major complication in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), especially in those with obesity. Plasma soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats (sLR11) plays a role in the development of atherosclerosis and has been linked to the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, adiposity, and vascular complications in T2D. We aimed to determine the effect of diet-induced weight loss on plasma sLR11 levels in overweight and obese individuals with T2D. Plasma sLR11 levels were determined in 64 individuals with T2D and BMI >27 kg/m(2) before and after a 20- week weight loss diet. As a reference, sLR11 levels were also determined in 64 healthy, non-obese controls, matched as a group for age and sex. Median plasma sLR11 levels of the T2D study-group at baseline (15.4 ng/mL (IQR 12.9-19.5)) were higher than in controls (10.2 (IQR: 8.7-12.2) ng/mL; p = 0.001). The diet resulted in a weight loss of 9.7 ± 5.2% (p = 0.001) and improved CVD risk factors. sLR11 levels were reduced to 13.3 ng/mL (IQR 11.0-17.1; p = 0.001). Changes in sLR11 levels positively associated with changes in non-HDL cholesterol (B = 1.54, R(2) = 0.17, p = 0.001) and HbA1c (B = 0.07, R(2) = 0.11, p = 0.007), but not with weight loss (B = 0.04, R(2) = 0.05, p = 0.076). The changes in non-HDL cholesterol and HbA1c together explained 24% of the variance of sLR11 reduction (p = 0.001). Weight loss dieting in overweight and obese individuals with T2D resulted in a reduction in plasma sLR11 levels that was associated with improvements in lipid-profile and glycemic state.
27697674	14	21	soluble	T080	C1948047
27697674	22	48	LDL receptor-relative LR11	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	49	57	decrease	T081	C0547047
27697674	61	83	overweight individuals	T098	C3825277
27697674	89	104	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27697674	110	134	diet-induced weight loss	T184	C2169615
27697674	135	157	Cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27697674	159	162	CVD	T047	C0007222
27697674	175	187	complication	T046	C0009566
27697674	191	199	patients	T101	C0030705
27697674	205	220	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27697674	222	225	T2D	T047	C0011860
27697674	253	260	obesity	T047	C0028754
27697674	262	268	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27697674	269	276	soluble	T080	C1948047
27697674	277	349	low density lipoprotein receptor-relative with 11 ligand-binding repeats	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	351	356	sLR11	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	393	408	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27697674	436	446	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27697674	450	480	triglyceride-rich lipoproteins	T116,T123	C0023820
27697674	482	491	adiposity	T032	C1563743
27697674	497	519	vascular complications	T047	C1393529
27697674	523	526	T2D	T047	C0011860
27697674	564	588	diet-induced weight loss	T184	C2169615
27697674	592	598	plasma	T031	C0032105
27697674	599	604	sLR11	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	605	611	levels	T080	C0441889
27697674	615	625	overweight	T098	C3825277
27697674	630	635	obese	T047	C0028754
27697674	636	647	individuals	T098	C0237401
27697674	653	656	T2D	T047	C0011860
27697674	658	664	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27697674	665	670	sLR11	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	671	677	levels	T080	C0441889
27697674	700	711	individuals	T098	C0237401
27697674	717	720	T2D	T047	C0011860
27697674	725	728	BMI	T201	C1305855
27697674	764	768	week	T079	C0439230
27697674	769	785	weight loss diet	T061	C0012167
27697674	803	808	sLR11	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	809	815	levels	T080	C0441889
27697674	843	850	healthy	T080	C3898900
27697674	852	870	non-obese controls	T096	C0009932
27697674	885	890	group	T078	C0441833
27697674	895	898	age	T032	C0001779
27697674	903	906	sex	T032	C0079399
27697674	915	921	plasma	T031	C0032105
27697674	922	927	sLR11	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	928	934	levels	T080	C0441889
27697674	942	945	T2D	T047	C0011860
27697674	946	957	study-group	T098	C2348561
27697674	961	969	baseline	T081	C1442488
27697674	1019	1027	controls	T096	C0009932
27697674	1073	1077	diet	T168	C0012155
27697674	1092	1103	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27697674	1143	1146	CVD	T047	C0007222
27697674	1147	1159	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27697674	1161	1166	sLR11	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	1167	1173	levels	T080	C0441889
27697674	1240	1245	sLR11	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	1246	1252	levels	T080	C0441889
27697674	1291	1310	non-HDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0729627
27697674	1350	1355	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27697674	1405	1416	weight loss	T033	C1262477
27697674	1468	1487	non-HDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0729627
27697674	1492	1497	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27697674	1540	1545	sLR11	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	1546	1555	reduction	T081	C0547047
27697674	1569	1588	Weight loss dieting	T061	C0012167
27697674	1592	1602	overweight	T098	C3825277
27697674	1607	1612	obese	T047	C0028754
27697674	1613	1624	individuals	T080	C0205556
27697674	1630	1633	T2D	T047	C0011860
27697674	1648	1657	reduction	T081	C0547047
27697674	1661	1667	plasma	T031	C0032105
27697674	1668	1673	sLR11	T116,T192	C1307867
27697674	1674	1680	levels	T080	C0441889
27697674	1722	1735	lipid-profile	T059	C0200382
27697674	1740	1754	glycemic state	T081	C1136206

27697751|t|MiR-495 functions as an adjuvant to radiation therapy by reducing the radiation-induced bystander effect
27697751|a|The radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) is an important factor in tumor radiation therapy because it may increase the probability of normal cellular injury and the likelihood of secondary cancers after radiotherapy. Here, we identified the role of miR-495 in alleviating RIBEs during radiotherapy. Luciferase reporter assay results confirmed that miR-495 regulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by targeting the Sp1 3'-untranslated region. Consequently, after radiation, tumor cells expressed less eNOS and Sp1 than controls. In vitro cell irradiation data based on flow-cytometric analysis and enzymed linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that nitric oxide (NO) and its downstream product transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were critical signaling factors contributing to RIBEs. Fewer normal LO2 liver cells were injured and fewer micronuclei were observed when treated with the medium of the miR-495 overexpressing HepG2 and ZR75-1 tumor cells. Accordingly, treatment with the miR-495 antagomir led to higher NO and TGF-β1 levels and more injured LO2 cells. In vivo experiments indicated that local irradiation of tumors overexpressing miR-495 produced fewer necrotic foci in non-irradiated liver tissue compared with controls. miR-495 was upregulated in clinical cancer tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and radiation significantly reduced the expression level of miR-495 in carcinoma cell lines. In summary, miR-495 may have promise as an adjuvant for tumor radiation therapy to decrease RIBEs involving the Sp1 / eNOS pathway.
27697751	0	7	MiR-495	T028	C1826049
27697751	8	17	functions	T045	C0314627
27697751	24	32	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
27697751	36	53	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
27697751	57	65	reducing	T080	C0392756
27697751	70	104	radiation-induced bystander effect	T043	C0949629
27697751	109	143	radiation-induced bystander effect	T043	C0949629
27697751	145	149	RIBE	T043	C0949629
27697751	157	166	important	T080	C3898777
27697751	167	173	factor	T169	C1521761
27697751	177	182	tumor	T191	C0027651
27697751	183	200	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
27697751	216	224	increase	T169	C0442805
27697751	229	240	probability	T081	C0033204
27697751	244	266	normal cellular injury	T049	C0599732
27697751	275	285	likelihood	T081	C0033204
27697751	289	306	secondary cancers	T191	C0027627
27697751	313	325	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27697751	336	346	identified	T080	C0205396
27697751	351	355	role	T077	C1705810
27697751	359	366	miR-495	T028	C1826049
27697751	382	387	RIBEs	T043	C0949629
27697751	395	407	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27697751	409	434	Luciferase reporter assay	T059	C0005507
27697751	435	442	results	T034	C1254595
27697751	443	452	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27697751	458	465	miR-495	T028	C1826049
27697751	476	509	endothelial nitric oxide synthase	T116,T126	C0669365
27697751	511	515	eNOS	T116,T126	C0669365
27697751	520	529	targeting	T169	C1521840
27697751	534	537	Sp1	T116,T123	C0080245
27697751	538	560	3'-untranslated region	T086,T123	C0600600
27697751	582	591	radiation	T070	C0851346
27697751	593	604	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27697751	605	614	expressed	T045	C1171362
27697751	620	624	eNOS	T116,T126	C0669365
27697751	629	632	Sp1	T116,T123	C0080245
27697751	638	646	controls	T096	C0009932
27697751	648	656	In vitro	T080	C1533691
27697751	657	678	cell irradiation data	T078	C1511726
27697751	688	712	flow-cytometric analysis	T062	C0936012
27697751	717	751	enzymed linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
27697751	752	761	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27697751	767	779	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27697751	781	783	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27697751	793	803	downstream	T082	C0522506
27697751	804	811	product	T071	C1514468
27697751	812	841	transforming growth factor β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27697751	843	849	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27697751	856	864	critical	T080	C1511545
27697751	865	874	signaling	T038	C3537152
27697751	875	882	factors	T169	C1521761
27697751	883	895	contributing	T052	C1880177
27697751	899	904	RIBEs	T043	C0949629
27697751	906	911	Fewer	T081	C0205388
27697751	919	934	LO2 liver cells	T025	C0227525
27697751	940	947	injured	T169	C0332664
27697751	952	957	fewer	T081	C0205388
27697751	958	969	micronuclei	T033	C0026004
27697751	975	983	observed	T169	C1441672
27697751	989	996	treated	T169	C1522326
27697751	1006	1012	medium	T167	C1705217
27697751	1020	1027	miR-495	T028	C1826049
27697751	1028	1042	overexpressing	T045	C0017262
27697751	1043	1048	HepG2	T025	C2717940
27697751	1053	1059	ZR75-1	T025	C0007634
27697751	1060	1071	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27697751	1086	1095	treatment	T061	C0087111
27697751	1105	1112	miR-495	T028	C1826049
27697751	1113	1122	antagomir	T114	C4277666
27697751	1130	1136	higher	T080	C0205250
27697751	1137	1139	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27697751	1144	1150	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27697751	1151	1157	levels	T080	C0441889
27697751	1167	1174	injured	T169	C0332664
27697751	1175	1184	LO2 cells	T025	C0227525
27697751	1186	1193	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27697751	1194	1205	experiments	T062	C0681814
27697751	1206	1215	indicated	T033	C1444656
27697751	1221	1238	local irradiation	T070	C0851346
27697751	1242	1248	tumors	T191	C0027651
27697751	1249	1263	overexpressing	T045	C0017262
27697751	1264	1271	miR-495	T028	C1826049
27697751	1281	1286	fewer	T081	C0205388
27697751	1287	1300	necrotic foci	T046	C0333504
27697751	1304	1331	non-irradiated liver tissue	T023	C0736268
27697751	1332	1340	compared	T052	C1707455
27697751	1346	1354	controls	T096	C0009932
27697751	1356	1363	miR-495	T028	C1826049
27697751	1368	1379	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27697751	1383	1391	clinical	T080	C0205210
27697751	1392	1398	cancer	T191	C0006826
27697751	1399	1406	tissues	T024	C0040300
27697751	1407	1415	compared	T052	C1707455
27697751	1421	1429	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27697751	1430	1451	non-cancerous tissues	T024	C0040300
27697751	1457	1466	radiation	T070	C0851346
27697751	1467	1488	significantly reduced	T080	C0392756
27697751	1493	1509	expression level	T081	C3244092
27697751	1513	1520	miR-495	T028	C1826049
27697751	1524	1544	carcinoma cell lines	T025	C0596890
27697751	1549	1556	summary	T170	C1706244
27697751	1558	1565	miR-495	T028	C1826049
27697751	1575	1582	promise	T078	C1555307
27697751	1589	1597	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
27697751	1602	1607	tumor	T191	C0027651
27697751	1608	1625	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
27697751	1629	1637	decrease	T081	C0547047
27697751	1638	1643	RIBEs	T043	C0949629
27697751	1658	1661	Sp1	T116,T123	C0080245
27697751	1664	1668	eNOS	T116,T126	C0669365
27697751	1669	1676	pathway	T044	C1704259

27697757|t|Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Deficiency Provokes Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis -Mediated Hepatotoxicity Induced by Pyrazinamide in Zebrafish Larvae
27697757|a|Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an essential antitubercular drug, but little is still known about its hepatotoxicity potential. This study examined the effects of PZA exposure on zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae and the mechanisms underlying its hepatotoxicity. A transgenic line of zebrafish larvae that expressed enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in the liver was incubated with 1, 2.5, and 5 mM PZA from 72 h postfertilization (hpf). Different endpoints such as mortality, morphology changes in the size and shape of the liver, histological changes, transaminase analysis and apoptosis, markers of oxidative and genetic damage, as well as the expression of certain genes were selected to evaluate PZA - induced hepatotoxicity. Our results confirm the manner of PZA dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. PZA was found to induce marked injury in zebrafish larvae, such as liver atrophy, elevations of transaminase levels, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte apoptosis. To further understand the mechanism behind PZA - induced hepatotoxicity, changes in gene expression levels in zebrafish larvae exposed to PZA for 72 h postexposure (hpe) were determined. The results of this study demonstrated that PZA decreased the expression levels of liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) and its target gene, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), and provoked more severe oxidative stress and hepatitis via the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). These findings suggest that L-FABP -mediated PPAR-α downregulation appears to be a hepatotoxic response resulting from zebrafish larva liver cell apoptosis, and L-FABP can be used as a biomarker for the early detection of PZA - induced liver damage in zebrafish larvae.
27697757	0	32	Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein	T116,T123	C0163315
27697757	33	43	Deficiency	T169	C0011155
27697757	53	69	Oxidative Stress	T049	C0242606
27697757	71	83	Inflammation	T046	C0021368
27697757	89	98	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27697757	109	123	Hepatotoxicity	T037	C0235378
27697757	124	131	Induced	T169	C0205263
27697757	135	147	Pyrazinamide	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	151	160	Zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27697757	161	167	Larvae	T204	C0023047
27697757	168	180	Pyrazinamide	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	182	185	PZA	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	193	202	essential	T080	C0205224
27697757	203	222	antitubercular drug	T121	C0003448
27697757	260	274	hepatotoxicity	T037	C0235378
27697757	275	284	potential	T080	C3245505
27697757	310	320	effects of	T080	C1704420
27697757	321	324	PZA	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	325	333	exposure	T080	C0332157
27697757	337	346	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27697757	348	359	Danio rerio	T013	C0043457
27697757	361	367	larvae	T204	C0023047
27697757	402	416	hepatotoxicity	T037	C0235378
27697757	420	435	transgenic line	T028	C0282641
27697757	439	448	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27697757	449	455	larvae	T204	C0023047
27697757	461	470	expressed	T045	C1171362
27697757	471	505	enhanced green fluorescent protein	T116,T130	C1258415
27697757	507	511	EGFP	T116,T130	C1258415
27697757	520	525	liver	T023	C0023884
27697757	530	539	incubated	T059	C1439852
27697757	562	565	PZA	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	576	593	postfertilization	T040	C0015914
27697757	611	620	endpoints	T080	C2349179
27697757	629	638	mortality	T081	C0205848
27697757	640	650	morphology	T033	C0700329
27697757	651	658	changes	T169	C0392747
27697757	666	670	size	T032	C1450569
27697757	675	680	shape	T082	C0332479
27697757	688	693	liver	T023	C0023884
27697757	695	707	histological	T091	C0019638
27697757	708	715	changes	T169	C0392747
27697757	717	738	transaminase analysis	T059	C0919834
27697757	743	752	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27697757	754	761	markers	T201	C0005516
27697757	765	774	oxidative	T049	C0242606
27697757	779	793	genetic damage	T049	C0012860
27697757	810	820	expression	T045	C0017262
27697757	832	837	genes	T028	C0017337
27697757	855	863	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27697757	864	867	PZA	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	870	877	induced	T169	C0205263
27697757	878	892	hepatotoxicity	T037	C0235378
27697757	906	913	confirm	T033	C0750484
27697757	928	931	PZA	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	932	946	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27697757	947	961	hepatotoxicity	T037	C0235378
27697757	963	966	PZA	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	980	986	induce	T169	C0205263
27697757	987	993	marked	T080	C1706089
27697757	994	1000	injury	T037	C3263723
27697757	1004	1013	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27697757	1014	1020	larvae	T204	C0023047
27697757	1030	1043	liver atrophy	T047	C0391996
27697757	1045	1078	elevations of transaminase levels	T033	C0438717
27697757	1080	1096	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27697757	1102	1122	hepatocyte apoptosis	T043	C3269241
27697757	1167	1170	PZA	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	1173	1180	induced	T169	C0205263
27697757	1181	1195	hepatotoxicity	T037	C0235378
27697757	1197	1204	changes	T169	C0392747
27697757	1208	1230	gene expression levels	T081	C3244092
27697757	1234	1243	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27697757	1244	1250	larvae	T204	C0023047
27697757	1251	1261	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27697757	1262	1265	PZA	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	1275	1287	postexposure	T080	C0332157
27697757	1355	1358	PZA	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	1359	1368	decreased	T081	C0205216
27697757	1373	1390	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27697757	1394	1426	liver fatty acid binding protein	T116,T123	C0163315
27697757	1428	1434	L-FABP	T116,T123	C0163315
27697757	1444	1455	target gene	T028	C1332838
27697757	1457	1501	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α	T116,T192	C0166415
27697757	1503	1509	PPAR-α	T116,T192	C0166415
27697757	1530	1536	severe	T080	C0205082
27697757	1537	1553	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27697757	1558	1567	hepatitis	T047	C0019158
27697757	1576	1588	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27697757	1592	1614	inflammatory cytokines	T043	C0010813
27697757	1623	1650	tumor necrosis factor alpha	T116,T129	C1456820
27697757	1652	1657	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27697757	1663	1691	transforming growth factor β	T116,T123	C0040690
27697757	1693	1698	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27697757	1729	1735	L-FABP	T116,T123	C0163315
27697757	1746	1752	PPAR-α	T116,T192	C0166415
27697757	1753	1767	downregulation	T044	C0949469
27697757	1784	1804	hepatotoxic response	T043	C3549372
27697757	1820	1829	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27697757	1830	1835	larva	T204	C0023047
27697757	1836	1846	liver cell	T025	C0227525
27697757	1847	1856	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27697757	1862	1868	L-FABP	T116,T123	C0163315
27697757	1886	1895	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27697757	1904	1919	early detection	T060	C0596473
27697757	1923	1926	PZA	T109,T121	C0034239
27697757	1929	1936	induced	T169	C0205263
27697757	1937	1949	liver damage	T046	C0151763
27697757	1953	1962	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27697757	1963	1969	larvae	T204	C0023047

27698061|t|Mnk1 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Interacting Kinase 1) Deficiency Aggravates Cardiac Remodeling in Mice
27698061|a|Identifying the key factor involved in cardiac remodeling is critically important for developing novel strategies to protect against heart failure. Here, the role of Mnk1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinase 1) in cardiac remodeling was clarified. Cardiac remodeling was induced by transverse aortic constriction in Mnk1 - knockout mice and their wild-type control mice. After 4 weeks of transverse aortic constriction, Mnk1 - knockout mice developed exaggerated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis and showed increased ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) activation along with reduced sprouty2 expression. In line with the in vivo studies, Mnk1 knockdown by Mnk1 siRNA transfection induced exaggerated angiotensin II - induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs). Moreover, adenovirus -mediated overexpression of Mnk1 in NRVMs protected cardiomyocytes from angiotensin II - induced hypertrophy. In addition, overexpression of sprouty2 rescued NRVMs with Mnk1 knockdown from angiotensin II - induced hypertrophy. In accordance with the in vivo studies, as compared with the control group, Mnk1 knockdown led to hyperphosphorylation of ERK1 / 2 and suppression of the sprouty2 expression in angiotensin II - treated NRVMs; furthermore, Mnk1 overexpression led to hypophosphorylation of ERK1 / 2 in angiotensin II - treated NRVMs. In addition, sprouty2 overexpression suppressed the activation of ERK1 / 2 in angiotensin II - treated NRVMs with Mnk1 knockdown. Impressively, MnK1 - knockout mice with overexpression of sprouty2 exhibited signs of a blunted cardiac hypertrophic response. Mnk1 likely carries out a suppressive function in cardiac hypertrophy via regulating the sprouty2 / ERK1/2 pathway. It implicates Mnk1 in the development of cardiac remodeling.
27698061	0	4	Mnk1	T116,T126	C1449082
27698061	6	59	Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Interacting Kinase 1	T116,T126	C1449082
27698061	61	71	Deficiency	T169	C0011155
27698061	72	82	Aggravates	T033	C0436331
27698061	83	101	Cardiac Remodeling	T046	C3658220
27698061	105	109	Mice	T015	C0025929
27698061	110	121	Identifying	T080	C0205396
27698061	130	136	factor	T169	C1521761
27698061	149	167	cardiac remodeling	T046	C3658220
27698061	213	223	strategies	T170	C0679716
27698061	227	234	protect	T033	C1545588
27698061	243	256	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27698061	268	272	role	T170	C1704326
27698061	276	280	Mnk1	T116,T126	C1449082
27698061	282	335	mitogen-activated protein kinase-interacting kinase 1	T116,T126	C1449082
27698061	340	358	cardiac remodeling	T046	C3658220
27698061	374	392	Cardiac remodeling	T046	C3658220
27698061	397	404	induced	T169	C0205263
27698061	408	418	transverse	T082	C0205106
27698061	419	438	aortic constriction	T046	C0597891
27698061	442	446	Mnk1	T028	C1334509
27698061	449	462	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
27698061	473	495	wild-type control mice	T015	C1520150
27698061	505	510	weeks	T079	C0439230
27698061	514	524	transverse	T082	C0205106
27698061	525	544	aortic constriction	T046	C0597891
27698061	546	550	Mnk1	T116,T126	C1449082
27698061	553	566	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
27698061	577	588	exaggerated	T080	C0442801
27698061	589	608	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27698061	610	618	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27698061	620	631	dysfunction	T046	C0277785
27698061	637	650	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27698061	651	660	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27698061	672	681	increased	T081	C0205217
27698061	682	743	ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) activation	T044	C1148560
27698061	755	762	reduced	T080	C0392756
27698061	763	771	sprouty2	T116,T123	C0765743
27698061	772	782	expression	T045	C1171362
27698061	801	816	in vivo studies	T062	C0681829
27698061	818	822	Mnk1	T028	C1334509
27698061	823	832	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27698061	836	840	Mnk1	T028	C1334509
27698061	841	846	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27698061	847	859	transfection	T063	C0040669
27698061	860	867	induced	T169	C0205263
27698061	868	879	exaggerated	T080	C0442801
27698061	880	894	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27698061	897	904	induced	T169	C0205263
27698061	905	930	cardiomyocyte hypertrophy	T033	C4227331
27698061	934	942	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27698061	943	946	rat	T015	C0034693
27698061	947	967	ventricular myocytes	T025	C2339371
27698061	969	974	NRVMs	T025	C2339371
27698061	987	997	adenovirus	T005	C0001483
27698061	987	1022	adenovirus -mediated overexpression	T045	C1514559
27698061	1026	1030	Mnk1	T116,T126	C1449082
27698061	1034	1039	NRVMs	T025	C2339371
27698061	1050	1064	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27698061	1070	1084	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27698061	1087	1094	induced	T169	C0205263
27698061	1095	1106	hypertrophy	T033	C4227331
27698061	1121	1135	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27698061	1139	1147	sprouty2	T116,T123	C0765743
27698061	1148	1155	rescued	T169	C0205245
27698061	1156	1161	NRVMs	T025	C2339371
27698061	1167	1171	Mnk1	T028	C1334509
27698061	1172	1181	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27698061	1187	1201	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27698061	1204	1211	induced	T169	C0205263
27698061	1212	1223	hypertrophy	T033	C4227331
27698061	1248	1263	in vivo studies	T062	C0681829
27698061	1286	1299	control group	T096	C0009932
27698061	1301	1305	Mnk1	T028	C1334509
27698061	1306	1315	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27698061	1323	1343	hyperphosphorylation	T044	C1148560
27698061	1347	1351	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
27698061	1354	1355	2	T116,T126	C0170168
27698061	1360	1371	suppression	T169	C1260953
27698061	1379	1387	sprouty2	T116,T123	C0765743
27698061	1388	1398	expression	T045	C1171362
27698061	1402	1416	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27698061	1419	1426	treated	T169	C1522326
27698061	1427	1432	NRVMs	T025	C2339371
27698061	1447	1451	Mnk1	T116,T126	C1449082
27698061	1452	1466	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27698061	1474	1493	hypophosphorylation	T044	C1148560
27698061	1497	1501	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
27698061	1504	1505	2	T116,T126	C0170168
27698061	1509	1523	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27698061	1526	1533	treated	T169	C1522326
27698061	1534	1539	NRVMs	T025	C2339371
27698061	1554	1562	sprouty2	T116,T123	C0765743
27698061	1563	1577	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27698061	1578	1588	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27698061	1593	1603	activation	T045	C0599177
27698061	1607	1611	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
27698061	1614	1615	2	T116,T126	C0170168
27698061	1619	1633	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
27698061	1636	1643	treated	T169	C1522326
27698061	1644	1649	NRVMs	T025	C2339371
27698061	1655	1659	Mnk1	T028	C1334509
27698061	1660	1669	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27698061	1685	1689	MnK1	T116,T126	C1449082
27698061	1692	1705	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
27698061	1711	1725	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27698061	1729	1737	sprouty2	T116,T123	C0765743
27698061	1748	1753	signs	T169	C0220912
27698061	1759	1766	blunted	T080	C1997138
27698061	1767	1787	cardiac hypertrophic	T046	C1383860
27698061	1788	1796	response	T033	C1704632
27698061	1798	1802	Mnk1	T116,T126	C1449082
27698061	1824	1835	suppressive	T169	C0205367
27698061	1836	1844	function	T169	C0542341
27698061	1848	1867	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27698061	1872	1882	regulating	T038	C1327622
27698061	1887	1895	sprouty2	T116,T123	C0765743
27698061	1898	1912	ERK1/2 pathway	T044	C3179231
27698061	1928	1932	Mnk1	T116,T126	C1449082
27698061	1940	1951	development	T169	C1527148
27698061	1955	1973	cardiac remodeling	T046	C3658220

27698544|t|Esomeprazole - or rabeprazole -based triple therapy eradicated Helicobacter pylori comparably regardless of clarithromycin susceptibility and CYP2C19 genotypes
27698544|a|The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of esomeprazole -based triple therapy compared with rabeprazole -based triple therapy according to CYP2C19 genotype and clarithromycin susceptibility status for first-line eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in Japan. We enrolled 219 H. pylori - infected patients, and randomly allocated patients to the EAC group (esomeprazole 20 mg, clarithromycin 200 mg, amoxicillin 750 mg for one week, with all drugs given twice daily) or RAC group (rabeprazole 10 mg, clarithromycin 200 mg, amoxicillin 750 mg for one week, with all drugs given twice daily). The H. pylori eradication rate according to the PP analyses was 75.0% (95% CI: 65.2-82.8%) in the EAC group and 71.4% (95% CI: 61.4-79.1%) in the RAC group. There were no statistically significant differences. The eradication rates of the clarithromycin -resistant /- sensitive strains were, respectively, 45.0% (95% CI: 30.7-60.2%)/98.0% (95% CI: 88.7-100%) in the EAC group and 39.5% (95% CI: 25.6-55.3%)/93.5% (95% CI: 81.9-98.4%) in the RAC group. The eradication rate of the clarithromycin - sensitive strains was significantly higher than that of the resistant strains in both groups. In conclusion, EAC and RAC therapies show a comparable efficacy regardless of the CYP2C19 genotype and clarithromycin susceptibility status in Japan.
27698544	0	12	Esomeprazole	T109,T121	C0937846
27698544	18	29	rabeprazole	T109,T121	C0378482
27698544	37	43	triple	T081	C0205174
27698544	44	51	therapy	T061	C0087111
27698544	63	82	Helicobacter pylori	T007	C0079488
27698544	94	104	regardless	T080	C3641650
27698544	108	122	clarithromycin	T109,T195	C0055856
27698544	123	137	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
27698544	142	149	CYP2C19	T028	C1332828
27698544	150	159	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27698544	176	181	study	T062	C2603343
27698544	189	195	assess	T052	C1516048
27698544	200	208	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27698544	212	224	esomeprazole	T109,T121	C0937846
27698544	232	238	triple	T081	C0205174
27698544	239	246	therapy	T061	C0087111
27698544	247	255	compared	T052	C1707455
27698544	261	272	rabeprazole	T109,T121	C0378482
27698544	280	286	triple	T081	C0205174
27698544	287	294	therapy	T061	C0087111
27698544	308	315	CYP2C19	T028	C1332828
27698544	316	324	genotype	T032	C0017431
27698544	329	343	clarithromycin	T109,T195	C0055856
27698544	344	358	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
27698544	359	365	status	T080	C0449438
27698544	381	423	eradication therapy of Helicobacter pylori	T061	C0559761
27698544	425	434	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
27698544	439	444	Japan	T083	C0022341
27698544	462	471	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
27698544	474	491	infected patients	T101	C0030705
27698544	497	505	randomly	T080	C0439605
27698544	506	515	allocated	T052	C1706778
27698544	516	524	patients	T101	C0030705
27698544	532	541	EAC group	T101	C0030705
27698544	543	555	esomeprazole	T109,T121	C0937846
27698544	563	577	clarithromycin	T109,T195	C0055856
27698544	586	597	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
27698544	613	617	week	T079	C0439230
27698544	628	633	drugs	T121	C0013227
27698544	634	639	given	T169	C1947971
27698544	640	651	twice daily	T079	C0585361
27698544	656	665	RAC group	T101	C0030705
27698544	667	678	rabeprazole	T109,T121	C0378482
27698544	686	700	clarithromycin	T109,T195	C0055856
27698544	709	720	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
27698544	736	740	week	T079	C0439230
27698544	751	756	drugs	T121	C0013227
27698544	757	762	given	T169	C1947971
27698544	763	774	twice daily	T079	C0585361
27698544	781	790	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
27698544	791	807	eradication rate	T081	C1521828
27698544	825	836	PP analyses	T062	C0936012
27698544	852	854	CI	T081	C0009667
27698544	875	884	EAC group	T101	C0030705
27698544	900	902	CI	T081	C0009667
27698544	923	932	RAC group	T101	C0030705
27698544	974	985	differences	T080	C1705242
27698544	991	1008	eradication rates	T081	C1521828
27698544	1016	1030	clarithromycin	T109,T195	C0055856
27698544	1016	1041	clarithromycin -resistant	T046	C0860039
27698544	1045	1054	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27698544	1055	1062	strains	T007	C0004611
27698544	1094	1096	CI	T081	C0009667
27698544	1121	1123	CI	T081	C0009667
27698544	1143	1152	EAC group	T101	C0030705
27698544	1168	1170	CI	T081	C0009667
27698544	1195	1197	CI	T081	C0009667
27698544	1218	1227	RAC group	T101	C0030705
27698544	1233	1249	eradication rate	T081	C1521828
27698544	1257	1271	clarithromycin	T109,T195	C0055856
27698544	1274	1283	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27698544	1284	1291	strains	T007	C0004611
27698544	1310	1316	higher	T080	C0205250
27698544	1334	1351	resistant strains	T046	C0860039
27698544	1355	1359	both	T080	C1706086
27698544	1360	1366	groups	T078	C0441833
27698544	1383	1386	EAC	T101	C0030705
27698544	1391	1394	RAC	T101	C0030705
27698544	1395	1404	therapies	T061	C0087111
27698544	1423	1431	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27698544	1432	1442	regardless	T080	C3641650
27698544	1450	1457	CYP2C19	T028	C1332828
27698544	1458	1466	genotype	T032	C0017431
27698544	1471	1485	clarithromycin	T109,T195	C0055856
27698544	1486	1500	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
27698544	1501	1507	status	T080	C0449438
27698544	1511	1516	Japan	T083	C0022341

27698735|t|Parasitic infection as a potential therapeutic tool against rheumatoid arthritis
27698735|a|Parasites, which are a recently discovered yet ancient dweller in human hosts, remain a great public health burden in underdeveloped countries, despite preventative efforts. Rheumatoid arthritis is a predominantly cosmopolitan health problem with drastic morbidity rates, although encouraging progress has been achieved regarding treatment. However, although various types of methods and agents have been applied clinically, their broad usage has been limited by their adverse effects and/or high costs. Sustained efforts have been exerted on the ' hygiene hypothesis ' since the 1870s. The immunosuppressive nature of parasitic infections may offer potential insight into therapeutic strategies for rheumatoid arthritis, in which the immune system is overactivated. An increasing number of published papers are focusing on the preventive and/or curative effect of various parasitic infection on rheumatoid arthritis from experimental studies to large-scale epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Therefore, the present review aimed to provide a general literature review on the possible beneficial role of parasitic infection on rheumatoid arthritis.
27698735	0	19	Parasitic infection	T047	C0747256
27698735	25	34	potential	T080	C3245505
27698735	35	51	therapeutic tool	T169	C0302350
27698735	52	59	against	T080	C0521124
27698735	60	80	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27698735	81	90	Parasites	T204	C0030498
27698735	104	112	recently	T079	C0332185
27698735	113	123	discovered	T052	C1880355
27698735	128	135	ancient	T079	C0002818
27698735	136	143	dweller	T098	C1257890
27698735	147	152	human	T016	C0086418
27698735	153	158	hosts	T001	C1167395
27698735	169	174	great	T081	C0549177
27698735	175	188	public health	T078	C0018684
27698735	189	195	burden	T078	C2828008
27698735	199	223	underdeveloped countries	T080	C0011750
27698735	233	253	preventative efforts	T091	C4277527
27698735	255	275	Rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27698735	281	294	predominantly	T080	C1542147
27698735	295	322	cosmopolitan health problem	T078	C0021788
27698735	328	351	drastic morbidity rates	T081	C0026538
27698735	362	382	encouraging progress	T169	C1280477
27698735	401	420	regarding treatment	T169	C1522326
27698735	457	464	methods	T170	C0025663
27698735	469	475	agents	T120	C2983596
27698735	494	504	clinically	T080	C0205210
27698735	512	517	broad	T082	C0332464
27698735	518	523	usage	T169	C0457083
27698735	533	540	limited	T169	C0439801
27698735	550	565	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27698735	573	583	high costs	T081	C0010186
27698735	585	594	Sustained	T169	C0443318
27698735	613	620	exerted	T040	C0015264
27698735	630	648	hygiene hypothesis	T170	C3179072
27698735	651	656	since	T079	C1711239
27698735	661	666	1870s	UnknownType	C0681745
27698735	672	689	immunosuppressive	T047	C4048329
27698735	690	696	nature	T169	C1262865
27698735	700	720	parasitic infections	T047	C0747256
27698735	731	740	potential	T080	C3245505
27698735	741	748	insight	T041	C0233820
27698735	754	765	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27698735	766	776	strategies	T041	C0679199
27698735	781	801	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27698735	816	829	immune system	T022	C0020962
27698735	833	846	overactivated	T052	C1879547
27698735	851	861	increasing	T169	C0442808
27698735	862	868	number	T081	C0237753
27698735	872	888	published papers	T170	C1704324
27698735	893	901	focusing	T169	C1285542
27698735	909	919	preventive	T062	C1706420
27698735	927	942	curative effect	T062	C1705416
27698735	954	973	parasitic infection	T047	C0747256
27698735	977	997	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27698735	1003	1023	experimental studies	T062	C0681814
27698735	1027	1038	large-scale	UnknownType	C0814860
27698735	1039	1062	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
27698735	1067	1082	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27698735	1099	1106	present	T033	C0150312
27698735	1107	1113	review	T170	C0282443
27698735	1114	1119	aimed	T078	C1947946
27698735	1123	1130	provide	T052	C1999230
27698735	1133	1158	general literature review	T170	C0282441
27698735	1166	1174	possible	T033	C0332149
27698735	1175	1190	beneficial role	T081	C0814225
27698735	1194	1213	parasitic infection	T047	C0747256
27698735	1217	1237	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873

27698916|t|Diet - and Genetically-induced Obesity Produces Alterations in the Microbiome, Inflammation and Wnt Pathway in the Intestine of Apc(+/1638N) Mice: Comparisons and Contrasts
27698916|a|Obesity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Our previous study indicated that obesity increases activity of the pro-tumorigenic Wnt-signaling. Presently, we sought to further advance our understanding of the mechanisms by which obesity promotes CRC by examining associations between microbiome, inflammation and Wnt-signaling in Apc(+/1638N) mice whose obesity was induced by one of two modalities, diet - or genetically-induced obesity. Three groups were employed: Apc(+/1638N) Lepr(+/+) fed a low fat diet (10% fat), Apc(+/1638N) Lepr(+/+) fed a high fat diet (60% fat, diet - induced obesity), and Apc(+/1638N) Lepr(db/db) fed a low fat diet (genetically-induced obesity). All animals received diets for 16 weeks from 8 to 24 weeks of age. The abundance of 19 bowel cancer -associated bacterial taxa were examined by real-time PCR. The abundance of Turicibacter and Desulfovibrio decreased, but F. prausnitizii increased, in diet - induced obese mice (p < 0.05). In contrast, in genetically-induced obese mice, Bifidobacterium, A. muciniphila and E. rectale decreased, but Peptostrptococcus, and E. coli increased (p < 0.05). Both diet - and genetically-induced obesity altered the expression of genes involved in bacterial recognition (MyD88) and increased inflammation as indicated by elevated levels of cytokines (IFNγ and TNF-α for genetically-induced obesity, and IL-6 for diet - induced obesity). The elevated inflammation was associated with altered expression of genes that are integral components of the Wnt-signaling cascade in a fashion indicating its activation. These findings demonstrate that the composition of the small intestinal microbiome is affected differently in diet - and genetically-induced obesity, but both are associated with elevated intestinal inflammation and alterations of the Wnt pathway towards enhancing tumorigenesis.
27698916	0	4	Diet	T168	C0012155
27698916	11	30	Genetically-induced	T045	C0017391
27698916	31	38	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	67	77	Microbiome	T001	C2985398
27698916	79	91	Inflammation	T033	C3889047
27698916	96	107	Wnt Pathway	T044	C1520113
27698916	115	124	Intestine	T023	C0021853
27698916	128	140	Apc(+/1638N)	T028	C0162832
27698916	141	145	Mice	T015	C0025933
27698916	173	180	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	199	210	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27698916	215	232	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27698916	234	237	CRC	T191	C1527249
27698916	274	281	obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	308	323	pro-tumorigenic	T191	C0007621
27698916	324	337	Wnt-signaling	T044	C1520113
27698916	424	431	obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	441	444	CRC	T191	C1527249
27698916	479	489	microbiome	T001	C2985398
27698916	491	503	inflammation	T033	C3889047
27698916	508	521	Wnt-signaling	T044	C1520113
27698916	525	537	Apc(+/1638N)	T028	C0162832
27698916	538	542	mice	T015	C0025933
27698916	549	556	obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	583	593	modalities	T078	C0695347
27698916	595	599	diet	T168	C0012155
27698916	605	624	genetically-induced	T045	C0017391
27698916	625	632	obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	662	674	Apc(+/1638N)	T028	C0162832
27698916	675	684	Lepr(+/+)	T028	C1366515
27698916	715	727	Apc(+/1638N)	T028	C0162832
27698916	728	737	Lepr(+/+)	T028	C1366515
27698916	744	757	high fat diet	T061	C0521974
27698916	763	766	fat	T109,T121	C0015677
27698916	768	772	diet	T168	C0012155
27698916	775	782	induced	T169	C0205263
27698916	783	790	obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	797	809	Apc(+/1638N)	T028	C0162832
27698916	810	821	Lepr(db/db)	T028	C1366515
27698916	828	840	low fat diet	T061	C0242970
27698916	842	861	genetically-induced	T045	C0017391
27698916	862	869	obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	876	883	animals	T015	C0025933
27698916	906	911	weeks	T079	C0439230
27698916	925	930	weeks	T079	C0439230
27698916	959	971	bowel cancer	T191	C0346627
27698916	984	998	bacterial taxa	T007	C0004611
27698916	1016	1029	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27698916	1048	1060	Turicibacter	T007	C1214082
27698916	1065	1078	Desulfovibrio	T007	C0011731
27698916	1079	1088	decreased	T081	C0205216
27698916	1094	1109	F. prausnitizii	T007	C0317558
27698916	1124	1128	diet	T168	C0012155
27698916	1131	1138	induced	T169	C0205263
27698916	1139	1149	obese mice	T015	C0025933
27698916	1178	1197	genetically-induced	T045	C0017391
27698916	1198	1208	obese mice	T015	C0025933
27698916	1210	1225	Bifidobacterium	T007	C0005380
27698916	1227	1241	A. muciniphila	T007	C1490590
27698916	1246	1256	E. rectale	T007	C0317478
27698916	1257	1266	decreased	T081	C0205216
27698916	1272	1289	Peptostrptococcus	T007	C0030967
27698916	1295	1302	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27698916	1303	1312	increased	T081	C0205217
27698916	1330	1334	diet	T168	C0012155
27698916	1341	1360	genetically-induced	T045	C0017391
27698916	1361	1368	obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	1381	1400	expression of genes	T045	C0017262
27698916	1413	1422	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27698916	1436	1441	MyD88	T028	C1417530
27698916	1447	1456	increased	T081	C0205217
27698916	1457	1469	inflammation	T033	C3889047
27698916	1486	1494	elevated	T080	C3163633
27698916	1505	1514	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27698916	1516	1520	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27698916	1525	1530	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27698916	1535	1554	genetically-induced	T045	C0017391
27698916	1555	1562	obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	1568	1572	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27698916	1577	1581	diet	T168	C0012155
27698916	1584	1591	induced	T169	C0205263
27698916	1592	1599	obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	1606	1614	elevated	T080	C3163633
27698916	1615	1627	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27698916	1656	1675	expression of genes	T045	C0017262
27698916	1712	1733	Wnt-signaling cascade	T044	C1520113
27698916	1762	1772	activation	T043	C2244452
27698916	1829	1856	small intestinal microbiome	T001	C2985398
27698916	1884	1888	diet	T168	C0012155
27698916	1895	1914	genetically-induced	T045	C0017391
27698916	1915	1922	obesity	T047	C0028754
27698916	1953	1961	elevated	T080	C3163633
27698916	1962	1985	intestinal inflammation	T033	C3889047
27698916	2009	2020	Wnt pathway	T044	C1520113
27698916	2039	2052	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621

27698942|t|Optimization of Early Response Monitoring and Prediction of Cancer Antiangiogenesis Therapy via Noninvasive PET Molecular Imaging Strategies of Multifactorial Bioparameters
27698942|a|Objective: Antiangiogenesis therapy (AAT) has provided substantial benefits regarding improved outcomes and survival for suitable patients in clinical settings. Therefore, the early definition of therapeutic effects is urgently needed to guide cancer AAT. We aimed to optimize the early response monitoring and prediction of AAT efficacy, as indicated by the multi-targeted anti-angiogenic drug sunitinib in U87MG tumors, using noninvasive positron emission computed tomography (PET) molecular imaging strategies of multifactorial bioparameters. Methods: U87MG tumor mice were treated via intragastric injections of sunitinib (80 mg/kg) or vehicle for 7 consecutive days. Longitudinal MicroPET/CT scans with (18)F-FDG, (18)F-FMISO, (18)F-ML-10 and (18)F-Alfatide II were acquired to quantitatively measure metabolism, hypoxia, apoptosis and angiogenesis on days 0, 1, 3, 7 and 13 following therapy initiation. Tumor tissues from a dedicated group of mice were collected for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of key biomarkers (Glut-1, CA-IX, TUNEL, ανβ3 and CD31) at the time points of PET imaging. The tumor sizes and mouse weights were measured throughout the study. The tumor uptake (ID%/gmax), the ratios of the tumor / muscle (T / M) for each probe, and the tumor growth ratios (TGR) were calculated and used for statistical analyses of the differences and correlations. Results: Sunitinib successfully inhibited U87MG tumor growth with significant differences in the tumor size from day 9 after sunitinib treatment compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The uptakes of (18)F-FMISO (reduced hypoxia), (18)F-ML-10 (increased apoptosis) and (18)F-Alfatide II (decreased angiogenesis) in the tumor lesions significantly changed during the early stage (days 1 to 3) of sunitinib treatment; however, the uptake of (18)F-FDG (increased glucose metabolism) was significantly different during the late stage. The PET imaging data of each probe were all confirmed via ex vivo IHC of the relevant biomarkers. Notably, the PET imaging of (18)F-Alfatide II and (18)F-FMISO was significantly correlated (all P < 0.05) with TGR, whereas the imaging of (18)F-FDG and (18)F-ML-10 was not significantly correlated with TGR. Conclusion: Based on the tumor uptake of the PET probes and their correlations with MVD and TGR, (18)F-Alfatide II PET may not only monitor the early response but also precisely predict the therapeutic efficacy of the multi-targeted, anti-angiogenic drug sunitinib in U87MG tumors. In conclusion, it is feasible to optimize the early response monitoring and efficacy prediction of cancer AAT using noninvasive PET molecular imaging strategies of multifactorial bioparameters, such as angiogenesis imaging with (18)F-Alfatide II, which represents an RGD -based probe.
27698942	16	21	Early	T079	C1279919
27698942	22	41	Response Monitoring	T058	C1822578
27698942	60	66	Cancer	T191	C0006826
27698942	67	91	Antiangiogenesis Therapy	T061	C0281318
27698942	96	107	Noninvasive	T185	C2986496
27698942	108	129	PET Molecular Imaging	T060	C0032743
27698942	144	158	Multifactorial	T033	C1837655
27698942	159	172	Bioparameters	T077	C0549193
27698942	184	208	Antiangiogenesis therapy	T061	C0281318
27698942	210	213	AAT	T061	C0281318
27698942	281	289	survival	T052	C0038952
27698942	303	311	patients	T101	C0030705
27698942	315	332	clinical settings	T082	C3176918
27698942	349	354	early	T079	C1279919
27698942	369	388	therapeutic effects	T201	C1527144
27698942	417	423	cancer	T191	C0006826
27698942	424	427	AAT	T061	C0281318
27698942	454	459	early	T079	C1279919
27698942	460	479	response monitoring	T058	C1822578
27698942	498	501	AAT	T061	C0281318
27698942	502	510	efficacy	T080	C2348767
27698942	547	567	anti-angiogenic drug	T121,T123	C0596087
27698942	568	577	sunitinib	T109,T121	C1176020
27698942	581	593	U87MG tumors	T191	C0027651
27698942	601	612	noninvasive	T185	C2986496
27698942	613	674	positron emission computed tomography (PET) molecular imaging	T060	C1699633
27698942	689	703	multifactorial	T033	C1837655
27698942	704	717	bioparameters	T077	C0549193
27698942	728	739	U87MG tumor	T191	C0027651
27698942	740	744	mice	T015	C0025929
27698942	762	774	intragastric	T082	C0442113
27698942	775	785	injections	T061	C0021485
27698942	789	798	sunitinib	T109,T121	C1176020
27698942	813	820	vehicle	T122	C0042444
27698942	845	857	Longitudinal	T082	C0205127
27698942	858	875	MicroPET/CT scans	T060	C1699633
27698942	881	890	(18)F-FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27698942	892	904	(18)F-FMISO,	T109,T121	C3661419
27698942	905	916	(18)F-ML-10	T109,T130	C2700345
27698942	921	938	(18)F-Alfatide II	T116,T130	C3852643
27698942	979	989	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27698942	991	998	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27698942	1000	1009	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27698942	1014	1026	angiogenesis	T191	C1519670
27698942	1063	1070	therapy	T061	C0087111
27698942	1083	1096	Tumor tissues	T024	C0475358
27698942	1123	1127	mice	T015	C0025929
27698942	1147	1166	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27698942	1168	1171	IHC	T059	C1441616
27698942	1189	1199	biomarkers	T123	C0041365
27698942	1201	1207	Glut-1	T116,T123	C1527589
27698942	1209	1214	CA-IX	T116,T126	C2351139
27698942	1216	1221	TUNEL	T063	C0872284
27698942	1223	1227	ανβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27698942	1232	1236	CD31	T116,T129	C0081939
27698942	1260	1271	PET imaging	T060	C1699633
27698942	1277	1288	tumor sizes	T082	C0475440
27698942	1293	1298	mouse	T015	C0025929
27698942	1299	1306	weights	T032	C0005910
27698942	1347	1352	tumor	T191	C0027651
27698942	1353	1359	uptake	T039	C0243144
27698942	1390	1395	tumor	T191	C0027651
27698942	1398	1404	muscle	T024	C0026845
27698942	1406	1407	T	T191	C0027651
27698942	1410	1411	M	T024	C0026845
27698942	1437	1449	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27698942	1450	1456	ratios	T081	C0456603
27698942	1458	1461	TGR	T081	C0456603
27698942	1492	1512	statistical analyses	T062	C0871424
27698942	1559	1568	Sunitinib	T109,T121	C1176020
27698942	1592	1610	U87MG tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27698942	1647	1657	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27698942	1675	1684	sunitinib	T109,T121	C1176020
27698942	1685	1694	treatment	T061	C1533734
27698942	1713	1726	control group	T096	C0009932
27698942	1743	1750	uptakes	T039	C0243144
27698942	1754	1765	(18)F-FMISO	T109,T121	C3661419
27698942	1775	1782	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27698942	1785	1796	(18)F-ML-10	T109,T130	C2700345
27698942	1808	1817	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27698942	1823	1840	(18)F-Alfatide II	T116,T130	C3852643
27698942	1852	1864	angiogenesis	T191	C1519670
27698942	1873	1878	tumor	T191	C0027651
27698942	1879	1886	lesions	T033	C0221198
27698942	1920	1925	early	T079	C1279919
27698942	1920	1931	early stage	T079	C2363430
27698942	1949	1958	sunitinib	T109,T121	C1176020
27698942	1959	1968	treatment	T061	C1533734
27698942	1983	1989	uptake	T039	C0243144
27698942	1993	2002	(18)F-FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27698942	2014	2032	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27698942	2073	2083	late stage	T079	C1279941
27698942	2089	2100	PET imaging	T060	C1699633
27698942	2143	2150	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27698942	2151	2154	IHC	T059	C1441616
27698942	2171	2181	biomarkers	T123	C0041365
27698942	2196	2207	PET imaging	T060	C1699633
27698942	2211	2228	(18)F-Alfatide II	T116,T130	C3852643
27698942	2233	2244	(18)F-FMISO	T109,T121	C3661419
27698942	2294	2297	TGR	T081	C0456603
27698942	2322	2331	(18)F-FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27698942	2336	2347	(18)F-ML-10	T109,T130	C2700345
27698942	2386	2389	TGR	T081	C0456603
27698942	2416	2421	tumor	T191	C0027651
27698942	2422	2428	uptake	T039	C0243144
27698942	2436	2439	PET	T060	C1699633
27698942	2475	2478	MVD	T080	C3272839
27698942	2483	2486	TGR	T081	C0456603
27698942	2488	2505	(18)F-Alfatide II	T116,T130	C3852643
27698942	2506	2509	PET	T060	C1699633
27698942	2535	2540	early	T079	C1279919
27698942	2541	2549	response	T058	C1822578
27698942	2581	2601	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
27698942	2625	2645	anti-angiogenic drug	T121,T123	C0596087
27698942	2646	2655	sunitinib	T109,T121	C1176020
27698942	2659	2671	U87MG tumors	T191	C0027651
27698942	2719	2724	early	T079	C1279919
27698942	2725	2744	response monitoring	T058	C1822578
27698942	2749	2757	efficacy	T080	C2348767
27698942	2772	2778	cancer	T191	C0006826
27698942	2779	2782	AAT	T061	C0281318
27698942	2789	2800	noninvasive	T185	C2986496
27698942	2801	2822	PET molecular imaging	T060	C0032743
27698942	2837	2851	multifactorial	T033	C1837655
27698942	2852	2865	bioparameters	T077	C0549193
27698942	2875	2887	angiogenesis	T191	C1519670
27698942	2888	2895	imaging	T060	C0011923
27698942	2901	2918	(18)F-Alfatide II	T116,T130	C3852643
27698942	2940	2943	RGD	T116,T123	C0052350

27699206|t|Smooth versus Textured Surfaces: Feature -Based Category Selectivity in Human Visual Cortex
27699206|a|In fMRI studies, human lateral occipital (LO) cortex is thought to respond selectively to images of objects, compared with nonobjects. However, it remains unresolved whether all objects evoke equivalent levels of activity in LO, and, if not, which image features produce stronger activation. Here, we used an unbiased parametric texture model to predict preferred versus nonpreferred stimuli in LO. Observation and psychophysical results showed that predicted preferred stimuli (both objects and nonobjects) had smooth (rather than textured) surfaces. These predictions were confirmed using fMRI, for objects and nonobjects. Similar preferences were also found in the fusiform face area (FFA). Consistent with this: (1) FFA and LO responded more strongly to nonfreckled (smooth) faces, compared with otherwise identical freckled (textured) faces; and (2) strong functional connections were found between LO and FFA. Thus, LO and FFA may be part of an information - processing stream distinguished by feature -based category selectivity (smooth > textured).
27699206	0	6	Smooth	T080	C0205357
27699206	14	22	Textured	T080	C0205556
27699206	23	31	Surfaces	T082	C0205148
27699206	33	40	Feature	T080	C2348519
27699206	48	56	Category	T170	C0683312
27699206	57	68	Selectivity	T052	C1707391
27699206	72	77	Human	T016	C0086418
27699206	78	91	Visual Cortex	T023	C0042817
27699206	95	107	fMRI studies	T060	C0376335
27699206	109	114	human	T016	C0086418
27699206	115	144	lateral occipital (LO) cortex	T023	C0028785
27699206	182	188	images	T170	C1704922
27699206	192	199	objects	T072	C0347997
27699206	201	209	compared	T052	C1707455
27699206	215	225	nonobjects	T071	C1551338
27699206	247	257	unresolved	T080	C0443342
27699206	270	277	objects	T072	C0347997
27699206	284	294	equivalent	T080	C0205163
27699206	295	301	levels	T080	C0441889
27699206	305	313	activity	T052	C0441655
27699206	317	319	LO	T023	C0028785
27699206	340	354	image features	T080	C2346469
27699206	363	371	stronger	T080	C0442821
27699206	372	382	activation	T052	C1879547
27699206	401	434	unbiased parametric texture model	T170	C3161035
27699206	438	445	predict	T078	C0681842
27699206	446	455	preferred	T067	C0234402
27699206	463	483	nonpreferred stimuli	T067	C0234402
27699206	487	489	LO	T023	C0028785
27699206	491	502	Observation	T062	C0302523
27699206	507	529	psychophysical results	T169	C1274040
27699206	542	551	predicted	T078	C0681842
27699206	552	561	preferred	T078	C0558295
27699206	562	569	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27699206	576	583	objects	T072	C0347997
27699206	588	598	nonobjects	T071	C1551338
27699206	604	610	smooth	T080	C0205357
27699206	624	632	textured	T080	C0205556
27699206	634	642	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27699206	650	661	predictions	T078	C0681842
27699206	667	676	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27699206	683	687	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27699206	693	700	objects	T072	C0347997
27699206	705	715	nonobjects	T071	C1551338
27699206	725	736	preferences	T078	C0558295
27699206	760	778	fusiform face area	T022	C3536733
27699206	780	783	FFA	T022	C3536733
27699206	786	801	Consistent with	T078	C0332290
27699206	812	815	FFA	T022	C3536733
27699206	820	822	LO	T023	C0028785
27699206	850	861	nonfreckled	T080	C0205556
27699206	863	869	smooth	T080	C0205357
27699206	871	876	faces	T082	C0205148
27699206	878	886	compared	T052	C1707455
27699206	912	920	freckled	T033	C0016689
27699206	922	930	textured	T080	C0205556
27699206	932	937	faces	T082	C0205148
27699206	954	964	functional	T169	C0205245
27699206	965	976	connections	T082	C0449379
27699206	996	998	LO	T023	C0028785
27699206	1003	1006	FFA	T022	C3536733
27699206	1014	1016	LO	T023	C0028785
27699206	1021	1024	FFA	T022	C3536733
27699206	1043	1054	information	T078	C1533716
27699206	1057	1067	processing	T052	C1709694
27699206	1092	1099	feature	T080	C2348519
27699206	1107	1115	category	T170	C0683312
27699206	1116	1127	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27699206	1129	1135	smooth	T080	C0205357
27699206	1138	1146	textured	T080	C0205556

27699251|t|Cell-type deconvolution with immune pathways identifies gene networks of host defense and immunopathology in leprosy
27699251|a|Transcriptome profiles derived from the site of human disease have led to the identification of genes that contribute to pathogenesis, yet the complex mixture of cell types in these lesions has been an obstacle for defining specific mechanisms. Leprosy provides an outstanding model to study host defense and pathogenesis in a human infectious disease, given its clinical spectrum, which interrelates with the host immunologic and pathologic responses. Here, we investigated gene expression profiles derived from skin lesions for each clinical subtype of leprosy, analyzing gene coexpression modules by cell-type deconvolution. In lesions from tuberculoid leprosy patients, those with the self-limited form of the disease, dendritic cells were linked with MMP12 as part of a tissue remodeling network that contributes to granuloma formation. In lesions from lepromatous leprosy patients, those with disseminated disease, macrophages were linked with a gene network that programs phagocytosis. In erythema nodosum leprosum, neutrophil and endothelial cell gene networks were identified as part of the vasculitis that results in tissue injury. The present integrated computational approach provides a systems approach toward identifying cell -defined functional networks that contribute to host defense and immunopathology at the site of human infectious disease.
27699251	0	9	Cell-type	T170	C0449475
27699251	10	23	deconvolution	T066	C1707643
27699251	29	35	immune	T169	C0439662
27699251	36	44	pathways	T077	C1705987
27699251	56	69	gene networks	T044	C1720950
27699251	73	85	host defense	T042	C0520990
27699251	90	105	immunopathology	T047	C1609432
27699251	109	116	leprosy	T047	C0023343
27699251	117	139	Transcriptome profiles	T081	C1956267
27699251	165	170	human	T016	C0086418
27699251	171	178	disease	T047	C0012634
27699251	213	218	genes	T028	C0017337
27699251	238	250	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27699251	279	289	cell types	T025	C0007634
27699251	299	306	lesions	T033	C0221198
27699251	362	369	Leprosy	T047	C0023343
27699251	394	399	model	T050	C0684309
27699251	409	421	host defense	T042	C0520990
27699251	426	438	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27699251	444	449	human	T016	C0086418
27699251	450	468	infectious disease	T047	C0009450
27699251	527	531	host	T001	C1167395
27699251	532	543	immunologic	T169	C0205470
27699251	548	558	pathologic	T169	C1521733
27699251	559	568	responses	T042	C0520990
27699251	592	616	gene expression profiles	T081	C1956267
27699251	630	642	skin lesions	T047	C0037284
27699251	661	668	subtype	T185	C0449560
27699251	672	679	leprosy	T047	C0023343
27699251	691	716	gene coexpression modules	T073	C2827994
27699251	720	729	cell-type	T170	C0449475
27699251	730	743	deconvolution	T066	C1707643
27699251	748	755	lesions	T047	C0037284
27699251	761	780	tuberculoid leprosy	T047	C0023351
27699251	781	789	patients	T101	C0030705
27699251	806	818	self-limited	T082	C0392752
27699251	831	838	disease	T047	C0023351
27699251	840	855	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
27699251	873	878	MMP12	T116,T126	C0285508
27699251	892	909	tissue remodeling	T038	C1820201
27699251	910	917	network	T169	C1882071
27699251	938	957	granuloma formation	T038	C1817882
27699251	962	969	lesions	T047	C0037284
27699251	975	994	lepromatous leprosy	T047	C0023348
27699251	995	1003	patients	T101	C0030705
27699251	1016	1028	disseminated	T082	C0205221
27699251	1038	1049	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27699251	1069	1081	gene network	T044	C1720950
27699251	1096	1108	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
27699251	1113	1138	erythema nodosum leprosum	T047	C0343467
27699251	1140	1150	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27699251	1155	1171	endothelial cell	T025	C0225336
27699251	1172	1185	gene networks	T044	C1720950
27699251	1217	1227	vasculitis	T047	C0042384
27699251	1244	1257	tissue injury	T037	C0037578
27699251	1282	1304	computational approach	T062	C1516769
27699251	1352	1356	cell	T025	C0007634
27699251	1366	1376	functional	T169	C0205245
27699251	1377	1385	networks	T169	C1882071
27699251	1405	1417	host defense	T042	C0520990
27699251	1422	1437	immunopathology	T047	C1609432
27699251	1453	1458	human	T016	C0086418
27699251	1459	1477	infectious disease	T047	C0009450

27699590|t|High-fructose diet is as detrimental as high-fat diet in the induction of insulin resistance and diabetes mediated by hepatic / pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
27699590|a|In the context of high human consumption of fructose diets, there is an imperative need to understand how dietary fructose intake influence cellular and molecular mechanisms and thereby affect β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. While evidence exists for a relationship between high - fat - induced insulin resistance and metabolic disorders, there is lack of studies in relation to high-fructose diet. Therefore, we attempted to study the effect of different diets viz., high-fat diet (HFD), high-fructose diet (HFS), and a combination (HFS + HFD) diet on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in male Wistar rats compared to control animals fed with normal pellet diet. Investigations include oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, histopathology by H&E and Masson's trichrome staining, mRNA expression by real-time PCR, protein expression by Western blot, and caspase-3 activity by colorimetry. Rats subjected to high-fat / fructose diets became glucose intolerant, insulin-resistant, and dyslipidemic. Compared to control animals, rats subjected to different combination of fat / fructose diets showed increased mRNA and protein expression of a battery of ER stress markers both in pancreas and liver. Transcription factors of β-cell function (INSIG1, SREBP1c and PDX1) as well as hepatic gluconeogenesis (FOXO1 and PEPCK) were adversely affected in diet - induced insulin-resistant rats. The convergence of chronic ER stress towards apoptosis in pancreas / liver was also indicated by increased levels of CHOP mRNA & increased activity of both JNK and Caspase-3 in rats subjected to high-fat / fructose diets. Our study exposes the experimental support in that high-fructose diet is equally detrimental in causing metabolic disorders.
27699590	0	18	High-fructose diet	T061	C1445913
27699590	40	53	high-fat diet	T061	C0521974
27699590	61	70	induction	T061	C0857127
27699590	74	92	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27699590	97	105	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27699590	118	125	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27699590	128	138	pancreatic	T023	C0030274
27699590	139	172	endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress	T049	C3178870
27699590	180	187	context	T078	C0449255
27699590	191	195	high	T080	C0205250
27699590	196	201	human	T016	C0086418
27699590	202	213	consumption	T169	C0457083
27699590	217	225	fructose	T109,T121	C0016745
27699590	226	231	diets	T168	C0012155
27699590	256	260	need	T080	C0027552
27699590	264	274	understand	T041	C0162340
27699590	279	286	dietary	T169	C2699635
27699590	287	302	fructose intake	T033	C0556134
27699590	303	312	influence	T077	C4054723
27699590	313	321	cellular	T025	C0007634
27699590	326	335	molecular	T080	C1521991
27699590	336	346	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27699590	359	365	affect	T080	C1280500
27699590	366	384	β-cell dysfunction	T033	C1969875
27699590	389	407	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27699590	415	423	evidence	T078	C3887511
27699590	424	430	exists	T077	C2987476
27699590	437	449	relationship	T080	C0439849
27699590	458	462	high	T080	C0205250
27699590	465	468	fat	T109,T121	C0015677
27699590	471	478	induced	T169	C0205263
27699590	479	497	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27699590	502	521	metabolic disorders	T047	C0025517
27699590	532	539	lack of	T080	C0332268
27699590	540	547	studies	T062	C2603343
27699590	563	581	high-fructose diet	T061	C1445913
27699590	610	615	study	T062	C2603343
27699590	620	626	effect	T080	C1280500
27699590	630	639	different	T080	C1705242
27699590	640	645	diets	T168	C0012155
27699590	652	665	high-fat diet	T061	C0521974
27699590	667	670	HFD	T061	C0521974
27699590	673	691	high-fructose diet	T061	C1445913
27699590	693	696	HFS	T061	C1445913
27699590	705	716	combination	T080	C0205195
27699590	718	721	HFS	T061	C1445913
27699590	724	727	HFD	T061	C0521974
27699590	729	733	diet	T168	C0012155
27699590	737	756	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
27699590	761	780	insulin sensitivity	T046	C0920563
27699590	784	788	male	T032	C0086582
27699590	789	800	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27699590	801	809	compared	T052	C1707455
27699590	813	828	control animals	T008	C1511501
27699590	829	832	fed	T052	C2987508
27699590	838	844	normal	T080	C0205307
27699590	845	851	pellet	T081	C1998480
27699590	852	856	diet	T168	C0012155
27699590	858	872	Investigations	T169	C1292732
27699590	881	908	oral glucose tolerance test	T060	C0029161
27699590	910	932	insulin tolerance test	T059	C0236287
27699590	934	948	histopathology	T059	C0430445
27699590	952	955	H&E	T059	C0523207
27699590	960	987	Masson's trichrome staining	T059	C1294297
27699590	989	1004	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27699590	1008	1021	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27699590	1023	1041	protein expression	T059	C1882495
27699590	1045	1057	Western blot	T059	C0949466
27699590	1063	1081	caspase-3 activity	T044	C1150132
27699590	1085	1096	colorimetry	T059	C0009407
27699590	1098	1102	Rats	T015	C0034721
27699590	1116	1124	high-fat	T061	C0521974
27699590	1127	1141	fructose diets	T061	C1445913
27699590	1149	1156	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27699590	1157	1167	intolerant	T169	C0231200
27699590	1169	1186	insulin-resistant	T046	C0021655
27699590	1192	1204	dyslipidemic	T033	C0243095
27699590	1206	1214	Compared	T052	C1707455
27699590	1218	1233	control animals	T008	C1511501
27699590	1235	1239	rats	T015	C0034721
27699590	1253	1262	different	T080	C1705242
27699590	1263	1274	combination	T080	C0205195
27699590	1278	1281	fat	T061	C0521974
27699590	1284	1298	fructose diets	T061	C1445913
27699590	1306	1315	increased	T081	C0205217
27699590	1316	1320	mRNA	T045	C1515670
27699590	1325	1343	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27699590	1360	1369	ER stress	T049	C3178870
27699590	1370	1377	markers	T080	C0008963
27699590	1386	1394	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27699590	1399	1404	liver	T023	C0023884
27699590	1406	1427	Transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27699590	1431	1446	β-cell function	T043	C0007613
27699590	1448	1454	INSIG1	T116,T123	C1447572
27699590	1456	1463	SREBP1c	T116,T123	C0537474
27699590	1468	1472	PDX1	T116,T123	C1528563
27699590	1485	1492	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27699590	1493	1508	gluconeogenesis	T044	C0017715
27699590	1510	1515	FOXO1	T116,T123	C0250455
27699590	1520	1525	PEPCK	T116	C4042244
27699590	1532	1550	adversely affected	T046	C0879626
27699590	1554	1558	diet	T168	C0012155
27699590	1561	1568	induced	T169	C0205263
27699590	1569	1586	insulin-resistant	T046	C0021655
27699590	1587	1591	rats	T015	C0034721
27699590	1597	1608	convergence	T052	C2700387
27699590	1612	1619	chronic	T079	C0205191
27699590	1620	1629	ER stress	T049	C3178870
27699590	1638	1647	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27699590	1651	1659	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27699590	1662	1667	liver	T023	C0023884
27699590	1677	1686	indicated	T033	C1444656
27699590	1690	1699	increased	T081	C0205217
27699590	1700	1706	levels	T080	C0441889
27699590	1710	1719	CHOP mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27699590	1722	1731	increased	T081	C0205217
27699590	1749	1752	JNK	T044	C1150587
27699590	1757	1766	Caspase-3	T044	C1150132
27699590	1770	1774	rats	T015	C0034721
27699590	1788	1796	high-fat	T061	C0521974
27699590	1799	1813	fructose diets	T061	C1445913
27699590	1819	1824	study	T062	C2603343
27699590	1837	1849	experimental	T080	C1517586
27699590	1850	1857	support	T077	C1521721
27699590	1866	1884	high-fructose diet	T061	C1445913
27699590	1888	1895	equally	T080	C0205163
27699590	1911	1918	causing	T169	C0678227
27699590	1919	1938	metabolic disorders	T047	C0025517

27701245|t|Lathrolestes Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from Brazil, with description of two new species and a key to the Neotropical species
27701245|a|The taxonomic knowledge about Brazilian Ichneumonidae species is still incipient, especially for groups poorly represented in the Neotropics, like Ctenopelmatinae. The genus Lathrolestes Förster, 1869, mainly Holarctic, is here recorded for the first time to Brazil, with description of L. piranga Lima & Kumagai sp. n. and L. pitunauassu Lima & Kumagai sp. n. Additionally, a key to the Neotropical species is provided.
27701245	0	20	Lathrolestes Förster	T204	C0684063
27701245	28	39	Hymenoptera	T204	C0020415
27701245	41	54	Ichneumonidae	T204	C0998573
27701245	61	67	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27701245	74	85	description	T170	C0678257
27701245	97	104	species	T185	C1705920
27701245	122	141	Neotropical species	T185	C1705920
27701245	146	155	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
27701245	172	203	Brazilian Ichneumonidae species	T185	C1705920
27701245	213	222	incipient	T079	C0205256
27701245	272	282	Neotropics	UnknownType	C0681784
27701245	289	304	Ctenopelmatinae	T204	C1025142
27701245	310	315	genus	T185	C1708235
27701245	316	336	Lathrolestes Förster	T204	C0684063
27701245	351	360	Holarctic	UnknownType	C0681784
27701245	401	407	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27701245	414	425	description	T170	C0678257
27701245	429	444	L. piranga Lima	T185	C1705920
27701245	447	461	Kumagai sp. n.	T185	C1705920
27701245	466	485	L. pitunauassu Lima	T185	C1705920
27701245	488	502	Kumagai sp. n.	T185	C1705920
27701245	530	549	Neotropical species	T185	C1705920

27701287|t|Immature stages and larval chaetotaxy of Notofairchildia stenygros (Quate & Alexander) (Diptera: Psychodidae: Bruchomyiinae)
27701287|a|Some authors have hypothesized that Bruchomyiinae is "the most plesiomorphic subfamily of Psychodidae " and its members "are among the most primitive living Diptera ". Although Bruchomyiinae is of no medical importance, it is of great evolutionary significance, having long been placed as the sister group of Phlebotominae. In general, species of this subfamily are rarely collected in their natural environment; therefore, adults and, even more so, the immature stages of these flies are poorly known. We describe the egg, larvae and pupae of Notofairchildia stenygros and provide nomenclatural notes on larval chaetotaxy based on analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optic microscopy. The morphology of immature Nt. stenygros is compared with other Bruchomyiinae and Psychodidae species, especially with species of Phlebotominae that are superficially similar to Bruchomyiinae. Results of this study revealed striking morphological differences between the immature stages of Bruchomyiinae and Phlebotominae; the former are lacking abdominal pseudopods and microtrichia on the cephalic integument, both of which are present in the larvae of Phlebotominae. These morphological differences observed in the immature stages between members of the two subfamilies support the findings of recent molecular studies indicating that Bruchomyiinae and Phlebtominae are evolutionarily not closely related. Notofairchildia stenygros is now the fourth species of Bruchomyiinae for which the immature stages are described.
27701287	0	8	Immature	T080	C0205252
27701287	9	15	stages	T079	C1306673
27701287	20	26	larval	T204	C0562676
27701287	27	37	chaetotaxy	T090	C1515222
27701287	41	66	Notofairchildia stenygros	T204	C1082670
27701287	88	95	Diptera	T204	C0012578
27701287	97	108	Psychodidae	T204	C0033888
27701287	110	123	Bruchomyiinae	T204	C1082670
27701287	161	174	Bruchomyiinae	T204	C1082670
27701287	188	211	plesiomorphic subfamily	T185	C1711207
27701287	215	226	Psychodidae	T204	C0033888
27701287	237	244	members	T071	C1551338
27701287	265	274	primitive	T080	C0205225
27701287	275	281	living	T078	C0376558
27701287	282	289	Diptera	T204	C0012578
27701287	302	315	Bruchomyiinae	T204	C1082670
27701287	322	324	no	T033	C1513916
27701287	325	332	medical	T169	C0205476
27701287	333	343	importance	T080	C3898777
27701287	360	372	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
27701287	373	385	significance	T078	C0750502
27701287	418	430	sister group	T169	C0008903
27701287	434	447	Phlebotominae	T204	C1123010
27701287	461	468	species	T185	C1705920
27701287	477	486	subfamily	T185	C1711207
27701287	517	536	natural environment	T082	C0557745
27701287	549	555	adults	T204	C0563200
27701287	579	587	immature	T080	C0205252
27701287	588	594	stages	T079	C1306673
27701287	604	609	flies	T204	C0012578
27701287	644	647	egg	T204	C0562677
27701287	649	655	larvae	T204	C0562676
27701287	660	665	pupae	T204	C0034120
27701287	669	694	Notofairchildia stenygros	T204	C1082670
27701287	707	726	nomenclatural notes	T170	C0600281
27701287	730	736	larval	T204	C0562676
27701287	737	747	chaetotaxy	T090	C1515222
27701287	772	800	scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27701287	802	805	SEM	T059	C0026020
27701287	811	827	optic microscopy	T059	C0596569
27701287	833	843	morphology	T080	C0332437
27701287	847	855	immature	T080	C0205252
27701287	856	869	Nt. stenygros	T204	C1082670
27701287	893	906	Bruchomyiinae	T204	C1082670
27701287	911	922	Psychodidae	T204	C0033888
27701287	923	930	species	T185	C1705920
27701287	948	955	species	T185	C1705920
27701287	959	972	Phlebotominae	T204	C1123010
27701287	996	1003	similar	T080	C2348205
27701287	1007	1020	Bruchomyiinae	T204	C1082670
27701287	1022	1029	Results	T033	C0683954
27701287	1038	1043	study	T062	C2603343
27701287	1062	1075	morphological	T082	C0543482
27701287	1076	1087	differences	T080	C1705242
27701287	1100	1108	immature	T080	C0205252
27701287	1109	1115	stages	T079	C1306673
27701287	1119	1132	Bruchomyiinae	T204	C1082670
27701287	1137	1150	Phlebotominae	T204	C1123010
27701287	1175	1184	abdominal	T029	C0000726
27701287	1185	1195	pseudopods	T026	C0033827
27701287	1200	1212	microtrichia	T023	C0018494
27701287	1220	1228	cephalic	T082	C0205096
27701287	1229	1239	integument	T022	C0037267
27701287	1274	1280	larvae	T204	C0562676
27701287	1284	1297	Phlebotominae	T204	C1123010
27701287	1305	1318	morphological	T082	C0543482
27701287	1319	1330	differences	T080	C1705242
27701287	1347	1355	immature	T080	C0205252
27701287	1356	1362	stages	T079	C1306673
27701287	1371	1378	members	T071	C1551338
27701287	1390	1401	subfamilies	T185	C1711207
27701287	1414	1422	findings	T033	C0243095
27701287	1433	1450	molecular studies	T059	C2236970
27701287	1467	1480	Bruchomyiinae	T204	C1082670
27701287	1485	1497	Phlebtominae	T204	C1704307
27701287	1502	1516	evolutionarily	T045	C0015219
27701287	1517	1536	not closely related	T078	C1546988
27701287	1538	1563	Notofairchildia stenygros	T204	C1082670
27701287	1575	1581	fourth	T081	C0205438
27701287	1582	1589	species	T185	C1705920
27701287	1593	1606	Bruchomyiinae	T204	C1082670
27701287	1621	1629	immature	T080	C0205252
27701287	1630	1636	stages	T079	C1306673

27702870|t|Initial clinical results with the ThermoCool® SmartTouch® Surround Flow catheter
27702870|a|The Biosense Webster ThermoCool(®) SmartTouch(®) Surround Flow (STSF) catheter is a recently developed ablation catheter incorporating Surround Flow (SF) technology to ensure efficient cooling and force sensing to quantify tissue contact. In our unit, it superseded the ThermoCool(®) SF catheter from the time of its introduction in May 2015. Procedure -related data were collected prospectively for the first 100 ablation procedures performed in our department using the STSF catheter. From a database of 654 procedures performed in our unit using the SF catheter, we selected one to match each STSF procedure, matching for procedure type, operator experience, patient age, and gender. The groups were well matched for patient age, gender, and procedure type. Procedure duration was similar in both groups (mean 225.5 vs. 221.4 min, IQR 106.5 vs. 91.5, P = 0.55), but fluoroscopy duration was shorter in the STSF group (mean 25.8 vs. 30.0, IQR 19.6 vs. 18.5, P = 0.03). No complication occurred in the STSF group. Complications occurred in two cases in the SF group (one pericardial effusion requiring drainage and one need for permanent pacing). Complete procedural success was achieved in 98 cases in the STSF group and 94 cases in the SF group (P = 0.15). The composite endpoint of procedure failure or acute complication was less common in the STSF group (2 vs. 8, P = 0.05). The STSF catheter is safe and effective in treating a range of arrhythmias. Compared with the SF catheter, it shows a trend towards improved safety - efficacy balance.
27702870	8	24	clinical results	T034	C0456984
27702870	34	80	ThermoCool® SmartTouch® Surround Flow catheter	T074	C0490683
27702870	85	159	Biosense Webster ThermoCool(®) SmartTouch(®) Surround Flow (STSF) catheter	T074	C0490683
27702870	184	192	ablation	T061	C0547070
27702870	193	201	catheter	T074	C0085590
27702870	216	229	Surround Flow	T042	C0232177
27702870	231	233	SF	T042	C0232177
27702870	235	245	technology	T090	C0039421
27702870	295	303	quantify	T081	C1709793
27702870	304	310	tissue	T024	C0040300
27702870	311	318	contact	T169	C0332158
27702870	351	376	ThermoCool(®) SF catheter	T074	C0490683
27702870	424	433	Procedure	T061	C0087111
27702870	443	447	data	T078	C1511726
27702870	495	514	ablation procedures	T061	C0547070
27702870	553	566	STSF catheter	T074	C0490683
27702870	575	583	database	T170	C0242356
27702870	591	601	procedures	T061	C0087111
27702870	634	645	SF catheter	T074	C0490683
27702870	677	691	STSF procedure	T061	C0087111
27702870	706	720	procedure type	T185	C0455713
27702870	722	730	operator	T098	C1705274
27702870	731	741	experience	T041	C0596545
27702870	743	754	patient age	T032	C0001779
27702870	760	766	gender	T032	C0079399
27702870	772	778	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27702870	801	812	patient age	T032	C0001779
27702870	814	820	gender	T032	C0079399
27702870	826	840	procedure type	T185	C0455713
27702870	842	860	Procedure duration	T079	C1442476
27702870	881	887	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27702870	915	918	IQR	T081	C1711350
27702870	950	970	fluoroscopy duration	T079	C4029016
27702870	975	982	shorter	T081	C1806781
27702870	990	1000	STSF group	UnknownType	C0681860
27702870	1022	1025	IQR	T081	C1711350
27702870	1052	1067	No complication	T033	C4032686
27702870	1084	1094	STSF group	UnknownType	C0681860
27702870	1096	1109	Complications	T046	C0009566
27702870	1126	1131	cases	T077	C1706256
27702870	1139	1147	SF group	UnknownType	C0681860
27702870	1153	1173	pericardial effusion	T047	C0031039
27702870	1184	1192	drainage	T061	C0013103
27702870	1210	1219	permanent	T079	C0205355
27702870	1220	1226	pacing	T061	C0199640
27702870	1229	1256	Complete procedural success	T033	C3897822
27702870	1276	1281	cases	T077	C1706256
27702870	1289	1299	STSF group	UnknownType	C0681860
27702870	1307	1312	cases	T077	C1706256
27702870	1320	1328	SF group	UnknownType	C0681860
27702870	1377	1384	failure	T066	C0086138
27702870	1388	1393	acute	T079	C0205178
27702870	1394	1406	complication	T046	C0009566
27702870	1430	1440	STSF group	UnknownType	C0681860
27702870	1466	1479	STSF catheter	T074	C0490683
27702870	1492	1501	effective	T080	C1704419
27702870	1505	1513	treating	T169	C1522326
27702870	1525	1536	arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
27702870	1556	1567	SF catheter	T074	C0490683
27702870	1603	1609	safety	T068	C0036043
27702870	1612	1620	efficacy	T080	C1280519

27702924|t|Effect of acute heat stress and slaughter processing on poultry meat quality and postmortem carbohydrate metabolism
27702924|a|This study investigated the effects of acute heat stress and slaughter processing on poultry meat quality and carbohydrate metabolism. Broilers (200) were randomly divided into 2 groups receiving heat stress (HS; 36°C for one h), compared to a non-stressed control (C). At slaughter, each group was further divided into 2 groups for slaughter processing (L = laboratory; F = commercial factory). L group breasts were removed immediately after bleeding without carcass scalding or defeathering, and stored at 4°C. F group broilers were scalded (60°C, 45 s) after bleeding and defeathering. Then the breasts were removed and cooled in ice water until the core temperature was ≤4°C. Rates of Pectoralis core temperature and pH decline were changed by slaughter processing, but only HS affected ultimate pH in group L. HS muscles had higher L * values (P < 0.05) than controls at 24 h postmortem. Laboratory processing " hot-deboning " increased drip loss, which resulted in a lower cooked loss (P < 0.05). Postmortem glycolysis was affected only by HS. The speed of lactic acid accumulation and glycogen degradation was faster in the HS group than controls at 5 min postmortem. During storage the glycolysis rates were not different (P > 0.05). Sarcoplasmic protein solubility was higher in F processed birds (P < 0.05). HS decreased the solubility of myofibrillar and total protein in the L - slaughtered birds. Thus, HS caused a higher frequency of accelerated muscle glycolysis than controls. Factory processing (chilling) could not completely eliminate the effects of accelerated glycolysis caused by pre- slaughter HS.
27702924	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27702924	10	15	acute	T079	C0205178
27702924	16	20	heat	T070	C0018837
27702924	21	27	stress	T033	C0038435
27702924	32	41	slaughter	T033	C0424328
27702924	56	68	poultry meat	T168	C0452888
27702924	69	76	quality	T080	C0332306
27702924	81	91	postmortem	T079	C0580205
27702924	92	115	carbohydrate metabolism	T044	C0302820
27702924	121	126	study	T059	C0947630
27702924	127	139	investigated	T169	C1292732
27702924	144	151	effects	T080	C1280500
27702924	155	160	acute	T079	C0205178
27702924	161	165	heat	T070	C0018837
27702924	166	172	stress	T033	C0038435
27702924	177	197	slaughter processing	T052	C1709694
27702924	201	213	poultry meat	T168	C0452888
27702924	214	221	quality	T080	C0332306
27702924	226	249	carbohydrate metabolism	T044	C0302820
27702924	251	259	Broilers	T012	C2698565
27702924	271	279	randomly	T080	C0439605
27702924	280	287	divided	T169	C0332849
27702924	295	301	groups	T096	C1642385
27702924	312	316	heat	T070	C0018837
27702924	317	323	stress	T033	C0038435
27702924	325	327	HS	T033	C0038435
27702924	342	343	h	T079	C0439227
27702924	360	380	non-stressed control	T096	C0009932
27702924	382	383	C	T096	C0009932
27702924	389	398	slaughter	T033	C0424328
27702924	405	410	group	T096	C1642385
27702924	423	430	divided	T169	C0332849
27702924	438	444	groups	T096	C1642385
27702924	449	469	slaughter processing	T052	C1709694
27702924	471	472	L	T073,T093	C0022877
27702924	475	485	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27702924	487	488	F	T073	C0442614
27702924	491	509	commercial factory	T073	C0442614
27702924	512	513	L	T073,T093	C0022877
27702924	514	519	group	T096	C1642385
27702924	520	527	breasts	T023	C0006141
27702924	533	540	removed	T080	C0849355
27702924	559	567	bleeding	T169	C0205245
27702924	576	583	carcass	T021	C0229961
27702924	584	592	scalding	T037	C0332691
27702924	596	608	defeathering	T033	C1319064
27702924	614	620	stored	T169	C1698986
27702924	629	630	F	T073	C0442614
27702924	631	636	group	T096	C1642385
27702924	637	645	broilers	T012	C2698565
27702924	651	658	scalded	T037	C0332691
27702924	678	686	bleeding	T169	C0205245
27702924	691	703	defeathering	T033	C1319064
27702924	714	721	breasts	T023	C0006141
27702924	727	734	removed	T080	C0849355
27702924	739	745	cooled	T070	C0678568
27702924	749	758	ice water	T121,T197	C0043047
27702924	769	785	core temperature	T081	C0039476
27702924	796	801	Rates	T081	C1521828
27702924	805	815	Pectoralis	T023	C0030747
27702924	816	832	core temperature	T081	C0039476
27702924	837	839	pH	T081	C0020283
27702924	840	847	decline	T081	C0547047
27702924	853	860	changed	T169	C0392747
27702924	864	884	slaughter processing	T052	C1709694
27702924	895	897	HS	T033	C0038435
27702924	898	906	affected	T169	C0392760
27702924	916	918	pH	T081	C0020283
27702924	922	927	group	T096	C1642385
27702924	928	929	L	T073,T093	C0022877
27702924	931	933	HS	T033	C0038435
27702924	934	941	muscles	T023	C0030747
27702924	946	952	higher	T080	C0205250
27702924	953	954	L	T073,T093	C0022877
27702924	980	988	controls	T096	C0009932
27702924	997	1007	postmortem	T079	C0580205
27702924	1009	1030	Laboratory processing	T057	C0016487
27702924	1033	1045	hot-deboning	T080	C0849355
27702924	1048	1057	increased	T081	C0205217
27702924	1058	1067	drip loss	T033	C1262477
27702924	1075	1083	resulted	T169	C1274040
27702924	1089	1094	lower	T080	C0205251
27702924	1095	1101	cooked	T168	C0453809
27702924	1102	1106	loss	T081	C1517945
27702924	1119	1129	Postmortem	T079	C0580205
27702924	1130	1140	glycolysis	T044	C0017952
27702924	1145	1153	affected	T169	C0392760
27702924	1162	1164	HS	T033	C0038435
27702924	1170	1175	speed	T081	C0678536
27702924	1179	1190	lactic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0064582
27702924	1191	1203	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27702924	1208	1228	glycogen degradation	T044	C0596624
27702924	1233	1239	faster	T080	C0456962
27702924	1247	1249	HS	T033	C0038435
27702924	1250	1255	group	T096	C1642385
27702924	1261	1269	controls	T096	C0009932
27702924	1275	1278	min	T079	C0439232
27702924	1279	1289	postmortem	T079	C0580205
27702924	1298	1305	storage	T169	C1698986
27702924	1310	1320	glycolysis	T044	C0017952
27702924	1321	1326	rates	T081	C1521828
27702924	1358	1370	Sarcoplasmic	T026	C0682566
27702924	1371	1378	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27702924	1379	1389	solubility	T080	C0037628
27702924	1394	1400	higher	T080	C0205250
27702924	1404	1405	F	T073	C0442614
27702924	1416	1421	birds	T012	C0005595
27702924	1434	1436	HS	T033	C0038435
27702924	1437	1446	decreased	T080	C0392756
27702924	1451	1461	solubility	T080	C0037628
27702924	1465	1477	myofibrillar	T026	C0027075
27702924	1488	1495	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27702924	1503	1504	L	T073,T093	C0022877
27702924	1507	1518	slaughtered	T033	C0424328
27702924	1519	1524	birds	T012	C0005595
27702924	1532	1534	HS	T033	C0038435
27702924	1535	1541	caused	T078	C0085978
27702924	1544	1560	higher frequency	T079	C0205212
27702924	1564	1575	accelerated	T169	C0521110
27702924	1576	1582	muscle	T023	C0030747
27702924	1583	1593	glycolysis	T044	C0017952
27702924	1599	1607	controls	T096	C0009932
27702924	1609	1627	Factory processing	T057	C0016487
27702924	1660	1669	eliminate	T080	C0849355
27702924	1674	1681	effects	T080	C1280500
27702924	1685	1696	accelerated	T169	C0521110
27702924	1697	1707	glycolysis	T044	C0017952
27702924	1708	1714	caused	T078	C0085978
27702924	1723	1732	slaughter	T033	C0424328
27702924	1733	1735	HS	T033	C0038435

27703342|t|Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection - induced chronic bronchitis and emphysematous changes in CCSP - deficient mice
27703342|a|The club cell secretory protein (CCSP) is a regulator of lung inflammation following acute respiratory infection or lung injury. Recently, the relationship between CCSP and COPD has been reported. Since COPD results from an abnormal inflammatory response, we hypothesized that CCSP could have a protective role against chronic inflammation - induced lung damage. To address this issue, the pathophysiology of chronic lung inflammation induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in CCSP - deficient mice was determined. A tube of 5 mm in length was soaked in a fluid containing P. aeruginosa (PAO01 strain) for 1 week and inserted into the trachea of CCSP - deficient mice. One week later, P. aeruginosa was administered into the trachea. Five weeks after insertion of tube, the mice were sacrificed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were collected to determine the bacterial growth, and the lung histology and physiology were also examined. P. aeruginosa was continuously detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids during the study. Neutrophils were increased in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from the CCSP - deficient mice in comparison to wild-type mice. A histological study demonstrated chronic inflammation around bronchus, serious bronchial stenosis, and alveolar enlargement in the CCSP - deficient mice. The lung physiology study demonstrated an increase in the lung compliance of the CCSP - deficient mice. Chronic P. aeruginosa inflammation resulted in chronic bronchitis and emphysematous changes in the CCSP - deficient mice. CCSP could play an important role in protecting the host from the chronic inflammation - induced lung damage.
27703342	0	40	Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection	T047	C0854135
27703342	43	50	induced	T169	C0205263
27703342	51	69	chronic bronchitis	T047	C0008677
27703342	74	95	emphysematous changes	UnknownType	C0743482
27703342	99	103	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	106	115	deficient	T169	C0011155
27703342	116	120	mice	T015	C0025929
27703342	125	152	club cell secretory protein	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	154	158	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	165	174	regulator	T077	C1704735
27703342	178	195	lung inflammation	T047	C0032285
27703342	206	233	acute respiratory infection	T047	C0339901
27703342	237	248	lung injury	T037	C0273115
27703342	285	289	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	294	298	COPD	T047	C0024117
27703342	308	316	reported	T058	C0700287
27703342	324	328	COPD	T047	C0024117
27703342	345	375	abnormal inflammatory response	T190	C4022805
27703342	380	392	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
27703342	398	402	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	440	460	chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
27703342	463	470	induced	T169	C0205263
27703342	471	482	lung damage	T037	C0273115
27703342	511	526	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27703342	530	555	chronic lung inflammation	T047	C0032285
27703342	556	563	induced	T169	C0205263
27703342	567	589	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27703342	593	597	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	600	609	deficient	T169	C0011155
27703342	610	614	mice	T015	C0025929
27703342	633	637	tube	T077	C1561954
27703342	660	666	soaked	T061	C0204774
27703342	672	677	fluid	T167	C1704353
27703342	689	702	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27703342	704	716	PAO01 strain	T001	C1518614
27703342	733	741	inserted	T169	C1883719
27703342	751	758	trachea	T023	C0040578
27703342	762	766	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	769	778	deficient	T169	C0011155
27703342	779	783	mice	T015	C0025929
27703342	801	814	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27703342	841	848	trachea	T023	C0040578
27703342	867	884	insertion of tube	T169	C1883719
27703342	890	894	mice	T015	C0025929
27703342	912	941	Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids	T031	C0006279
27703342	974	983	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27703342	984	990	growth	T040	C0018270
27703342	1000	1004	lung	T023	C0024109
27703342	1005	1014	histology	T169	C4048239
27703342	1019	1029	physiology	T039	C0031843
27703342	1050	1063	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27703342	1093	1122	bronchoalveolar lavage fluids	T031	C0006279
27703342	1141	1152	Neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27703342	1175	1204	bronchoalveolar lavage fluids	T031	C0006279
27703342	1214	1218	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	1221	1230	deficient	T169	C0011155
27703342	1231	1235	mice	T015	C0025929
27703342	1263	1267	mice	T015	C0025929
27703342	1271	1289	histological study	T091	C0019638
27703342	1303	1323	chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
27703342	1331	1339	bronchus	T023	C0006255
27703342	1341	1367	serious bronchial stenosis	T190	C0151536
27703342	1373	1393	alveolar enlargement	T047	C0012634
27703342	1401	1405	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	1408	1417	deficient	T169	C0011155
27703342	1418	1422	mice	T015	C0025929
27703342	1428	1432	lung	T023	C0024109
27703342	1433	1443	physiology	T039	C0031843
27703342	1482	1497	lung compliance	T042	C0024112
27703342	1505	1509	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	1512	1521	deficient	T169	C0011155
27703342	1522	1526	mice	T015	C0025929
27703342	1536	1549	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27703342	1550	1562	inflammation	T046	C0021376
27703342	1575	1593	chronic bronchitis	T047	C0008677
27703342	1598	1619	emphysematous changes	UnknownType	C0743482
27703342	1627	1631	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	1634	1643	deficient	T169	C0011155
27703342	1644	1648	mice	T015	C0025929
27703342	1650	1654	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27703342	1702	1706	host	T001	C1167395
27703342	1716	1736	chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
27703342	1739	1746	induced	T169	C0205263
27703342	1747	1758	lung damage	T037	C0273115

27703402|t|Job satisfaction among community pharmacy professionals in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia
27703402|a|Job satisfaction is a multidimensional, enduring, important, and much - researched concept in the field of organizational behavior and has been identified as recognition in one's field of work, level of salary, opportunities for promotion, and achievement of personal goals. Job satisfaction directly affects the labor market behavior and economic efficiency by means of the impact on productivity and turnover of staff. The aim of this study was to assess the satisfaction level of pharmacy professionals in Mekelle city. This institution - based cross-sectional study was conducted as a survey and only included voluntary participants. Those participants who did not volunteer to participate were excluded from the study. A structured questionnaire was used as a data collection tool; it was developed from different literature in the English language, and then the original tool was translated to the local language for the purpose of understanding. In Mekelle, ~100 pharmacy professionals work in private medicine retail outlets. From those, only 60 volunteered to participate in this study. Significant difference in job satisfaction and job stress were observed between those working full-time and part-time, with P-values of 0.031 and 0.021, respectively. From the findings of the current study, it can be concluded that around two-thirds of pharmacy professionals in Mekelle city were satisfied with their professional practice.
27703402	0	16	Job satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27703402	23	41	community pharmacy	T093	C0009478
27703402	42	55	professionals	T097	C0679924
27703402	59	71	Mekelle city	T083	C0015024
27703402	73	81	Northern	T082	C1709269
27703402	82	90	Ethiopia	T083	C0015024
27703402	91	107	Job satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27703402	113	129	multidimensional	T082	C2347299
27703402	141	150	important	T080	C3898777
27703402	156	160	much	T081	C0205172
27703402	163	173	researched	T062	C0035168
27703402	174	181	concept	T078	C0178566
27703402	182	194	in the field	T082	C3539073
27703402	198	221	organizational behavior	T054	C0679152
27703402	235	245	identified	T080	C0205396
27703402	279	283	work	T057	C0043227
27703402	285	290	level	T080	C0441889
27703402	294	300	salary	T081	C0036064
27703402	302	315	opportunities	T080	C0237506
27703402	320	329	promotion	T057	C0681129
27703402	335	346	achievement	T053	C0001072
27703402	350	358	personal	T032	C1519021
27703402	359	364	goals	T170	C0018017
27703402	366	382	Job satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27703402	383	391	directly	T080	C1947931
27703402	404	416	labor market	UnknownType	C0681093
27703402	417	425	behavior	T053	C0004927
27703402	430	449	economic efficiency	UnknownType	C0680957
27703402	453	458	means	T077	C1704970
27703402	466	472	impact	T080	C4049986
27703402	476	488	productivity	T081	C0033269
27703402	493	501	turnover	T081	C0031227
27703402	505	510	staff	T097	C0851286
27703402	528	533	study	T062	C2603343
27703402	541	547	assess	T058	C0184514
27703402	552	564	satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27703402	565	570	level	T080	C0441889
27703402	574	582	pharmacy	T091	C0031336
27703402	583	596	professionals	T097	C0679924
27703402	600	612	Mekelle city	T083	C0015024
27703402	619	630	institution	T093	C2607850
27703402	633	638	based	T169	C1527178
27703402	639	660	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27703402	680	686	survey	T170	C0038951
27703402	705	714	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27703402	715	727	participants	T098	C0679646
27703402	735	747	participants	T098	C0679646
27703402	756	759	not	T169	C1518422
27703402	760	769	volunteer	T055	C0439656
27703402	773	784	participate	T098	C0679646
27703402	790	798	excluded	T052	C2828389
27703402	808	813	study	T062	C2603343
27703402	817	841	structured questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27703402	846	850	used	T169	C1524063
27703402	856	876	data collection tool	T081	C3887707
27703402	885	894	developed	T169	C1527148
27703402	900	909	different	T080	C1705242
27703402	910	920	literature	T170	C0023866
27703402	928	944	English language	T171	C0376245
27703402	959	967	original	T078	C0205313
27703402	968	972	tool	T073	C0336791
27703402	977	987	translated	T057	C0040710
27703402	995	1000	local	T082	C0205276
27703402	1001	1009	language	T171	C0023008
27703402	1018	1025	purpose	T169	C1285529
27703402	1029	1042	understanding	T041	C0162340
27703402	1047	1054	Mekelle	T083	C0015024
27703402	1061	1069	pharmacy	T091	C0031336
27703402	1070	1083	professionals	T097	C0679924
27703402	1084	1088	work	T057	C0043227
27703402	1092	1099	private	T098	C0033176
27703402	1100	1108	medicine	T121	C0013227
27703402	1109	1123	retail outlets	T073	C0680165
27703402	1145	1156	volunteered	T055	C0439656
27703402	1160	1171	participate	T098	C0679646
27703402	1180	1185	study	T062	C2603343
27703402	1187	1198	Significant	T078	C0750502
27703402	1199	1209	difference	T080	C1705242
27703402	1213	1229	job satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27703402	1234	1244	job stress	T033	C0344330
27703402	1250	1258	observed	T169	C1441672
27703402	1273	1290	working full-time	T033	C0682295
27703402	1295	1304	part-time	T033	C0682294
27703402	1311	1319	P-values	T080	C0042295
27703402	1363	1371	findings	T033	C0243095
27703402	1379	1386	current	T079	C0521116
27703402	1387	1392	study	T062	C2603343
27703402	1426	1436	two-thirds	T081	C0392762
27703402	1440	1448	pharmacy	T091	C0031336
27703402	1449	1462	professionals	T097	C0679924
27703402	1466	1478	Mekelle city	T083	C0015024
27703402	1484	1493	satisfied	T041	C0242428
27703402	1505	1517	professional	T097	C0679924
27703402	1518	1526	practice	T041	C0237607

27703571|t|The Role of Rehabilitation in the Management of Patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease: Report of Two Cases
27703571|a|Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a hereditary disease with signs of chronic non-progressive motor-sensory neuropathy which is characterised by symmetric muscle atrophy and weakness of the distal portion of lower extremities. The aim is to present two cases with peroneal muscular atrophy, applied rehabilitation procedures and rehabilitation outcome. Patient DR, aged 51, and patient KH, aged 78. Both patients had weakness and pronounced atrophy of the distal portion of lower extremities, numbness down the legs, contractures in the ankles and walking difficulties. Evaluation of patients included a clinical examination, Barthel Index, Time Up and Go test, measurement of the ankle range of motion, and a manual muscle test. On admission, the Barthel Index score was 60 in the first case, and 80 in the second. The rehabilitation program included exercise therapy with for lower extremity, occupational therapy, stationary bicycle riding, galvanic current, water exercises, and ankle-foot orthoses for both legs. The therapy applied had no significant changes in the clinical neurological status of the patients, but yet it provided some improvement in ankle contractures, better mobility, and a more stable gait. The application of rehabilitation procedures in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease can improve their functional status and walking stability.
27703571	12	26	Rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27703571	34	44	Management	T058	C0376636
27703571	48	56	Patients	T101	C0030705
27703571	62	89	Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease	T047	C0007959
27703571	111	144	Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease	T047	C0007959
27703571	150	168	hereditary disease	T047	C0019247
27703571	183	190	chronic	T079	C0205191
27703571	207	231	motor-sensory neuropathy	T047	C1408181
27703571	268	282	muscle atrophy	T046	C0026846
27703571	287	295	weakness	T184	C3714552
27703571	303	317	distal portion	T029	C0005898
27703571	321	338	lower extremities	T023	C0023216
27703571	377	385	peroneal	T082	C0442035
27703571	386	402	muscular atrophy	T046	C0026846
27703571	412	437	rehabilitation procedures	T061	C0034991
27703571	442	464	rehabilitation outcome	T080	C0600378
27703571	466	473	Patient	T101	C0030705
27703571	478	482	aged	T032	C0001779
27703571	491	498	patient	T101	C0030705
27703571	503	507	aged	T032	C0001779
27703571	517	525	patients	T101	C0030705
27703571	530	538	weakness	T184	C3714552
27703571	554	561	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27703571	569	583	distal portion	T029	C0005898
27703571	587	604	lower extremities	T023	C0023216
27703571	606	628	numbness down the legs	T184	C2128562
27703571	630	656	contractures in the ankles	T033	C1837407
27703571	661	681	walking difficulties	T033	C0311394
27703571	697	705	patients	T101	C0030705
27703571	717	737	clinical examination	T033	C1456356
27703571	739	752	Barthel Index	T170	C0451019
27703571	754	773	Time Up and Go test	T060	C3161512
27703571	794	815	ankle range of motion	T033	C0576183
27703571	823	841	manual muscle test	T060	C0430022
27703571	861	874	Barthel Index	T170	C0451019
27703571	875	880	score	T081	C0449820
27703571	933	955	rehabilitation program	T061	C0034991
27703571	965	981	exercise therapy	T061	C0452240
27703571	991	1006	lower extremity	T023	C0023216
27703571	1008	1028	occupational therapy	T061	C0087111
27703571	1041	1055	bicycle riding	T056	C0871707
27703571	1057	1073	galvanic current	T061	C0013787
27703571	1075	1090	water exercises	T056	C3842648
27703571	1096	1115	ankle-foot orthoses	T074	C0182083
27703571	1125	1129	legs	T023	C1140621
27703571	1135	1142	therapy	T061	C0087111
27703571	1185	1193	clinical	T080	C0205210
27703571	1194	1213	neurological status	T033	C0746866
27703571	1221	1229	patients	T101	C0030705
27703571	1271	1289	ankle contractures	T033	C1837407
27703571	1298	1306	mobility	UnknownType	C0547136
27703571	1319	1330	stable gait	T033	C3266096
27703571	1351	1376	rehabilitation procedures	T061	C0034991
27703571	1380	1388	patients	T101	C0030705
27703571	1394	1421	Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease	T047	C0007959
27703571	1440	1457	functional status	T033	C0598463
27703571	1462	1479	walking stability	T080	C0205556

27703744|t|Adjunctive aripiprazole in risperidone - induced hyperprolactinaemia: double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
27703744|a|Hyperprolactinaemia is a troublesome side-effect of treatment with antipsychotics. This double-blind, placebo-controlled study aimed at examining the effect of adjunctive treatment with 10 mg aripiprazole on prolactin levels and sexual side-effects in patients with schizophrenia symptomatically maintained on risperidone. Thirty patients taking risperidone were enrolled into the trial (CTRI/2012/11/003114). Aripiprazole was administered at a fixed daily dose of 10 mg/day for 8 weeks. Serum prolactin was measured at baseline and at 8 weeks. Hyperprolactinaemia -related problems, psychopathology and side-effects were evaluated every 2 weeks. Prolactin levels decreased by 58% in the aripiprazole group compared with an increase by 22% in the placebo group. Prolactin levels normalised in 46% of patients in the aripiprazole group (number needed to treat, NNT=2). Aripiprazole improved erectile dysfunction in five out of six patients. There were no significant differences in change in psychopathology or side-effects between groups. Adjunctive aripiprazole reduced prolactin levels in those treated with risperidone, with no effect on psychopathology and extrapyramidal symptoms. This is a potential treatment for hyperprolactinaemia observed during treatment with second-generation antipsychotics. None. © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2015. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) licence.
27703744	0	10	Adjunctive	T061	C3858690
27703744	11	23	aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
27703744	27	38	risperidone	T109,T121	C0073393
27703744	41	48	induced	T169	C0205263
27703744	49	68	hyperprolactinaemia	T047	C0020514
27703744	70	82	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27703744	84	94	randomised	T062,T170	C0282440
27703744	96	120	placebo-controlled trial	T062	C1706408
27703744	121	140	Hyperprolactinaemia	T047	C0020514
27703744	158	169	side-effect	T046	C0879626
27703744	173	182	treatment	T061	C0087111
27703744	188	202	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
27703744	209	221	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27703744	223	247	placebo-controlled study	T062	C1706408
27703744	271	277	effect	T080	C1280500
27703744	281	301	adjunctive treatment	T061	C3858690
27703744	307	325	10 mg aripiprazole	T200	C1166429
27703744	329	345	prolactin levels	T059	C0373706
27703744	350	356	sexual	T053	C0036864
27703744	357	369	side-effects	T046	C0879626
27703744	373	381	patients	T101	C0030705
27703744	387	400	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27703744	401	416	symptomatically	T169	C0231220
27703744	417	427	maintained	T169	C1314677
27703744	431	442	risperidone	T109,T121	C0073393
27703744	451	459	patients	T101	C0030705
27703744	467	478	risperidone	T109,T121	C0073393
27703744	502	507	trial	T062	C0008976
27703744	531	543	Aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
27703744	548	560	administered	T058	C0806914
27703744	572	582	daily dose	T081	C2348070
27703744	609	624	Serum prolactin	T059	C1277972
27703744	641	649	baseline	T081	C1442488
27703744	666	685	Hyperprolactinaemia	T047	C0020514
27703744	695	703	problems	T033	C0033213
27703744	705	720	psychopathology	T048	C0004936
27703744	725	737	side-effects	T046	C0879626
27703744	743	752	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27703744	768	794	Prolactin levels decreased	T033	C0857016
27703744	809	821	aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
27703744	822	827	group	T078	C0441833
27703744	845	853	increase	T169	C0442805
27703744	868	881	placebo group	T078	C0441833
27703744	883	910	Prolactin levels normalised	T033	C0580441
27703744	921	929	patients	T101	C0030705
27703744	937	949	aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
27703744	950	955	group	T078	C0441833
27703744	989	1001	Aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
27703744	1002	1010	improved	T033	C0184511
27703744	1011	1031	erectile dysfunction	T047	C0242350
27703744	1051	1059	patients	T101	C0030705
27703744	1075	1086	significant	T078	C0750502
27703744	1087	1098	differences	T080	C1705242
27703744	1102	1108	change	T081	C0443172
27703744	1112	1127	psychopathology	T048	C0004936
27703744	1131	1143	side-effects	T046	C0879626
27703744	1152	1158	groups	T078	C0441833
27703744	1160	1170	Adjunctive	T061	C3858690
27703744	1171	1183	aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
27703744	1184	1191	reduced	T080	C0392756
27703744	1192	1208	prolactin levels	T059	C0373706
27703744	1218	1230	treated with	T061	C0332293
27703744	1231	1242	risperidone	T109,T121	C0073393
27703744	1249	1258	no effect	T080	C1301751
27703744	1262	1277	psychopathology	T048	C0004936
27703744	1282	1305	extrapyramidal symptoms	T184	C0234133
27703744	1317	1326	potential	T080	C3245505
27703744	1327	1336	treatment	T061	C0087111
27703744	1341	1360	hyperprolactinaemia	T047	C0020514
27703744	1361	1369	observed	T169	C1441672
27703744	1370	1376	during	T079	C0347984
27703744	1377	1386	treatment	T061	C0087111
27703744	1392	1424	second-generation antipsychotics	T121	C0040615

27703752|t|Low birth weight and features of neuroticism and mood disorder in 83 545 participants of the UK Biobank cohort
27703752|a|Low birth weight has been inconsistently associated with risk of developing affective disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). To date, studies investigating possible associations between birth weight and bipolar disorder (BD), or personality traits known to predispose to affective disorders such as neuroticism, have not been conducted in large cohorts. To assess whether very low birth weight (<1500 g) and low birth weight (1500-2490 g) were associated with higher neuroticism scores assessed in middle age, and lifetime history of either MDD or BD. We controlled for possible confounding factors. Retrospective cohort study using baseline data on the 83 545 UK Biobank participants with detailed mental health and birth weight data. Main outcomes were prevalent MDD and BD, and neuroticism assessed using the Eysenck Personality Inventory Neuroticism scale - Revised (EPIN-R). Referent to normal birth weight, very low / low birth weight were associated with higher neuroticism scores, increased MDD and BD. The associations between birth weight category and MDD were partially mediated by higher neuroticism. These findings suggest that intrauterine programming may play a role in lifetime vulnerability to affective disorders. None. © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) licence.
27703752	0	16	Low birth weight	T033	C0024032
27703752	21	29	features	T080	C2348519
27703752	33	44	neuroticism	T048	C1842981
27703752	49	62	mood disorder	T048	C0525045
27703752	73	85	participants	T098	C0679646
27703752	93	95	UK	T083	C0041700
27703752	96	103	Biobank	T093	C0206512
27703752	104	110	cohort	T098	C0599755
27703752	111	127	Low birth weight	T033	C0024032
27703752	168	172	risk	T078	C0035647
27703752	187	206	affective disorders	T048	C0001723
27703752	218	243	major depressive disorder	T048	C1269683
27703752	245	248	MDD	T048	C1269683
27703752	260	267	studies	T062	C2603343
27703752	268	281	investigating	T169	C1292732
27703752	291	303	associations	T080	C0439849
27703752	312	324	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27703752	329	345	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
27703752	347	349	BD	T048	C0005586
27703752	355	373	personality traits	T033	C0233849
27703752	383	393	predispose	T032	C0220898
27703752	397	416	affective disorders	T048	C0001723
27703752	425	436	neuroticism	T048	C1842981
27703752	471	478	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27703752	483	489	assess	T052	C1516048
27703752	498	519	very low birth weight	T184	C0282666
27703752	534	550	low birth weight	T033	C0024032
27703752	570	585	associated with	T080	C0332281
27703752	586	604	higher neuroticism	T033	C0564512
27703752	605	611	scores	T081	C0449820
27703752	612	620	assessed	T052	C1516048
27703752	624	634	middle age	T079	C0026062
27703752	640	656	lifetime history	T032	C0598779
27703752	667	670	MDD	T048	C1269683
27703752	674	676	BD	T048	C0005586
27703752	705	724	confounding factors	T169	C0009673
27703752	726	739	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
27703752	740	752	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27703752	759	767	baseline	T081	C1442488
27703752	768	772	data	T078	C1511726
27703752	787	789	UK	T083	C0041700
27703752	790	797	Biobank	T093	C0206512
27703752	798	810	participants	T098	C0679646
27703752	825	838	mental health	T041	C0025353
27703752	843	855	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27703752	856	860	data	T078	C1511726
27703752	867	875	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27703752	891	894	MDD	T048	C1269683
27703752	899	901	BD	T048	C0005586
27703752	907	918	neuroticism	T048	C1842981
27703752	919	927	assessed	T052	C1516048
27703752	938	995	Eysenck Personality Inventory Neuroticism scale - Revised	T170	C0034394
27703752	997	1003	EPIN-R	T170	C0034394
27703752	1018	1037	normal birth weight	T033	C0456136
27703752	1039	1047	very low	T184	C0282666
27703752	1050	1066	low birth weight	T033	C0024032
27703752	1088	1106	higher neuroticism	T033	C0564512
27703752	1107	1113	scores	T081	C0449820
27703752	1115	1124	increased	T081	C0205217
27703752	1125	1128	MDD	T048	C1269683
27703752	1133	1135	BD	T048	C0005586
27703752	1141	1153	associations	T080	C0439849
27703752	1162	1174	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27703752	1175	1183	category	T170	C0683312
27703752	1188	1191	MDD	T048	C1269683
27703752	1219	1237	higher neuroticism	T033	C0564512
27703752	1245	1253	findings	T033	C0683954
27703752	1267	1279	intrauterine	T029	C0694756
27703752	1280	1291	programming	T038	C1720850
27703752	1303	1307	role	T077	C1705810
27703752	1311	1319	lifetime	T079	C4071830
27703752	1320	1333	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
27703752	1337	1356	affective disorders	T048	C0001723

27704268|t|Chemotherapy response and survival of inflammatory breast cancer by hormone receptor - and HER2 -defined molecular subtypes approximation: an analysis from the National Cancer Database
27704268|a|To study the impact of hormone receptor (HR)- and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-defined subtypes on survival of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), and to determine whether sensitivity to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) varies with subtypes in a large IBC population. We analyzed 593 IBCs with known HR / HER2 statuses between 2010 and 2011 from National Cancer Database. We compared pathologic complete response (pCR) rates among four molecular subtypes by Chi-square test. Overall survival (OS) was compared among four subtypes and patients with or without pCR using log-rank test. Multivariate Cox model was performed to identify the impact of molecular subtype and other prognostic factors on OS. Of the 593 patients included, 231 (39.0 %) patients had HR+/HER2- tumors, 98 (16.5 %) had HR+/HER2+ disease, 112 (18.9 %) were HR-/HER2 + patients, and 152 (25.6 %) had triple-negative subtype. The pCR rates differed significantly by subtype (P < 0.001): HR-/HER2+ showed the highest, and HR+/HER2- exhibited the lowest. Multivariate analysis showed that triple-negative and HR+/HER2- IBCs had significantly worse survival compared with HR+/HER2+ or HR-/HER2+ subtype (P < 0.01 for all comparisons). Additional factors associated with worse OS included more comorbidities, lack or incomplete surgical resection, absence of radiotherapy, lack of hormone therapy, and more advanced stage. IBC is an aggressive heterogeneous disease with distinct molecular subtypes associated with differential outcomes and sensitivities to NAC. Unlike in noninflammatory breast cancer, in IBC HR + disease was not associated with favorable prognosis. Triple-negative and HR+/HER2- subtypes are independent predictors for suboptimal OS in IBC.
27704268	0	12	Chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27704268	13	21	response	T032	C0871261
27704268	26	34	survival	T169	C0220921
27704268	38	64	inflammatory breast cancer	T191	C0278601
27704268	68	84	hormone receptor	T116,T192	C0019929
27704268	91	95	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27704268	105	114	molecular	T080	C1521991
27704268	115	123	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27704268	124	137	approximation	T061	C1283102
27704268	142	150	analysis	T062	C0936012
27704268	160	184	National Cancer Database	T170	C0242356
27704268	188	193	study	T062	C2603343
27704268	198	204	impact	T080	C4049986
27704268	208	224	hormone receptor	T116,T192	C0019929
27704268	226	228	HR	T116,T192	C0019929
27704268	235	275	human epidermal growth factor receptor 2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27704268	277	281	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27704268	291	299	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27704268	303	311	survival	T169	C0220921
27704268	315	341	inflammatory breast cancer	T191	C0278601
27704268	343	346	IBC	T191	C0278601
27704268	389	413	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
27704268	415	418	NAC	T061	C4272610
27704268	432	440	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27704268	446	451	large	T081	C0549177
27704268	452	455	IBC	T191	C0278601
27704268	456	466	population	T098	C1257890
27704268	471	479	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27704268	484	488	IBCs	T191	C0278601
27704268	494	499	known	T080	C0205309
27704268	500	502	HR	T116,T192	C0019929
27704268	505	509	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27704268	510	518	statuses	T080	C0449438
27704268	546	570	National Cancer Database	T170	C0242356
27704268	575	583	compared	T052	C1707455
27704268	584	612	pathologic complete response	T033	C4050242
27704268	614	617	pCR	T033	C4050242
27704268	619	624	rates	T081	C1521828
27704268	636	645	molecular	T080	C1521991
27704268	646	654	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27704268	658	673	Chi-square test	T170	C0008041
27704268	675	691	Overall survival	T081	C4086681
27704268	693	695	OS	T081	C4086681
27704268	701	709	compared	T052	C1707455
27704268	716	729	four subtypes	T185	C0449560
27704268	734	742	patients	T101	C0030705
27704268	759	762	pCR	T033	C4050242
27704268	769	782	log-rank test	T170	C0392366
27704268	784	806	Multivariate Cox model	T075	C0026336
27704268	811	820	performed	T169	C0884358
27704268	824	832	identify	T080	C0205396
27704268	837	843	impact	T080	C4049986
27704268	847	856	molecular	T080	C1521991
27704268	857	864	subtype	T185	C0449560
27704268	875	893	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27704268	897	899	OS	T081	C4086681
27704268	912	920	patients	T101	C0030705
27704268	921	929	included	T169	C0332257
27704268	944	952	patients	T101	C0030705
27704268	957	966	HR+/HER2-	T034	C0587081
27704268	967	973	tumors	T191	C0027651
27704268	991	1000	HR+/HER2+	T034	C3898879
27704268	1001	1008	disease	T047	C0012634
27704268	1028	1038	HR-/HER2 +	T034	C0587081
27704268	1039	1047	patients	T101	C0030705
27704268	1070	1093	triple-negative subtype	T191	C3539878
27704268	1099	1102	pCR	T033	C4050242
27704268	1103	1108	rates	T081	C1521828
27704268	1109	1117	differed	T081	C1705241
27704268	1135	1142	subtype	T185	C0449560
27704268	1156	1165	HR-/HER2+	T034	C0587081
27704268	1177	1184	highest	T080	C1522410
27704268	1190	1199	HR+/HER2-	T034	C0587081
27704268	1214	1220	lowest	T080	C1708760
27704268	1222	1243	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27704268	1256	1271	triple-negative	T191	C3539878
27704268	1276	1285	HR+/HER2-	T034	C0587081
27704268	1286	1290	IBCs	T191	C0278601
27704268	1309	1314	worse	T033	C1457868
27704268	1315	1323	survival	T169	C0220921
27704268	1324	1332	compared	T052	C1707455
27704268	1338	1347	HR+/HER2+	T034	C3898879
27704268	1351	1368	HR-/HER2+ subtype	T034	C0587081
27704268	1387	1398	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27704268	1412	1419	factors	T169	C1521761
27704268	1420	1435	associated with	T080	C0332281
27704268	1436	1441	worse	T033	C1457868
27704268	1442	1444	OS	T081	C4086681
27704268	1445	1453	included	T169	C0332257
27704268	1454	1458	more	T081	C0205172
27704268	1459	1472	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27704268	1474	1478	lack	T080	C0332268
27704268	1482	1492	incomplete	T080	C0205257
27704268	1493	1511	surgical resection	T061	C0015252
27704268	1513	1520	absence	T169	C0332197
27704268	1524	1536	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27704268	1538	1542	lack	T080	C0332268
27704268	1546	1561	hormone therapy	T061	C0279025
27704268	1567	1571	more	T081	C0205172
27704268	1572	1586	advanced stage	T080	C0205179
27704268	1588	1591	IBC	T191	C0278601
27704268	1598	1630	aggressive heterogeneous disease	T191	C0079218
27704268	1636	1644	distinct	T058	C0520259
27704268	1645	1654	molecular	T080	C1521991
27704268	1655	1663	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27704268	1664	1679	associated with	T080	C0332281
27704268	1680	1692	differential	T080	C1705242
27704268	1693	1701	outcomes	T081	C0086749
27704268	1706	1719	sensitivities	T081	C1511883
27704268	1723	1726	NAC	T061	C4272610
27704268	1738	1753	noninflammatory	T033	C0442743
27704268	1754	1767	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27704268	1772	1775	IBC	T191	C0278601
27704268	1776	1778	HR	T116,T192	C0019929
27704268	1797	1812	associated with	T080	C0332281
27704268	1823	1832	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27704268	1834	1849	Triple-negative	T191	C3539878
27704268	1854	1863	HR+/HER2-	T034	C0587081
27704268	1864	1872	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27704268	1889	1899	predictors	T033	C0035648
27704268	1904	1914	suboptimal	T080	C2984009
27704268	1915	1917	OS	T081	C4086681
27704268	1921	1924	IBC	T191	C0278601

27704589|t|Identifying research priorities with nurses at a tertiary children's hospital in the United Kingdom
27704589|a|The objective of this study was to undertake a research priority setting exercise with the aim of maximizing efficiency and impact in research activity undertaken by nurses at one children's tertiary healthcare institution by ensuring the clinical staff directly shaped a coherent, transparent and consensus driven nurse-led research agenda. In Round 1, the research topics of 147 nurses were elicited using a modified nominal group technique as the consensus method. The number of participants in the 24 separate discussions ranged from 3 to 21, generating lists of between 6 and 23 topics. In Round 2, nurses from the clinical areas ranked topics of importance resulting in a set of four to five priorities. In Round 3, the divisional heads of nursing consulted with staff in all of their clinical areas to each finalize their five divisional priorities. The Nursing Research Working Group discussed and refined the divisions' priorities and voted on the final list to agree the top five research priorities for the organization. A total of 269 research topics were initially generated. Following three rounds of ranking and prioritizing, five priorities were agreed at Divisional level, and from these, the five top organizational priorities were selected. These were (i) understanding and improving all aspects of the patient journey through the hospital system; (ii) play; (iii) staff wellbeing, patient care and productivity; (iv) team work - linking to a more efficient service; and (v) supporting parents / parent pathway. Divisional priorities have been disseminated widely to clinical teams to inform a patient-specific nurse-led research agenda. Organizational priorities agreed upon have been disseminated through management structures and processes to ensure engagement at all levels. A subgroup of the Nursing Research Working Group has been delegated to take this work forward so that the agreed priorities continue to contribute towards shaping nurse-led research activity, thereby going some way to inform and embed an evidence-based culture of inquiry.
27704589	12	31	research priorities	T062	C0376368
27704589	37	43	nurses	T097	C0028661
27704589	58	68	children's	T100	C0008059
27704589	69	77	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27704589	85	99	United Kingdom	T083	C0041700
27704589	122	127	study	T062	C2603343
27704589	147	164	research priority	T062	C0376368
27704589	209	219	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27704589	224	230	impact	T080	C4049986
27704589	234	251	research activity	T062	C0079816
27704589	266	272	nurses	T097	C0028661
27704589	280	290	children's	T100	C0008059
27704589	300	322	healthcare institution	T093	C1274109
27704589	339	353	clinical staff	T097	C0025106
27704589	372	380	coherent	T033	C4068804
27704589	382	393	transparent	T080	C0205556
27704589	398	407	consensus	T054	C0376298
27704589	415	440	nurse-led research agenda	T062	C0681798
27704589	458	473	research topics	UnknownType	C0681795
27704589	481	487	nurses	T097	C0028661
27704589	510	542	modified nominal group technique	T062	C0035177
27704589	550	566	consensus method	T170	C0025663
27704589	582	594	participants	T098	C0679646
27704589	704	710	nurses	T097	C0028661
27704589	720	734	clinical areas	T078	C1547541
27704589	735	741	ranked	T170	C0699794
27704589	798	808	priorities	T062	C0376368
27704589	826	842	divisional heads	T097	C0018676
27704589	846	853	nursing	T091	C0028677
27704589	869	874	staff	T097	C0025106
27704589	891	905	clinical areas	T078	C1547541
27704589	934	955	divisional priorities	T062	C0376368
27704589	961	991	Nursing Research Working Group	T097	C0027363
27704589	1018	1039	divisions' priorities	T062	C0376368
27704589	1044	1049	voted	T055	C0042978
27704589	1090	1109	research priorities	T062	C0376368
27704589	1118	1130	organization	T093	C1274109
27704589	1147	1162	research topics	UnknownType	C0681795
27704589	1215	1222	ranking	T170	C0699794
27704589	1246	1256	priorities	T062	C0376368
27704589	1272	1288	Divisional level	T092	C2919030
27704589	1319	1344	organizational priorities	T062	C0376368
27704589	1422	1429	patient	T101	C0030705
27704589	1450	1465	hospital system	T073,T093	C0019994
27704589	1472	1476	play	T056	C0032214
27704589	1484	1499	staff wellbeing	T078	C0018684
27704589	1501	1513	patient care	T058	C0017313
27704589	1518	1530	productivity	T081	C0033269
27704589	1537	1546	team work	T057	C0043227
27704589	1577	1584	service	T057	C0557854
27704589	1594	1612	supporting parents	T099	C0030551
27704589	1615	1621	parent	T099	C0030551
27704589	1642	1652	priorities	T062	C0376368
27704589	1686	1700	clinical teams	T058	C0086390
27704589	1713	1755	patient-specific nurse-led research agenda	T062	C0681798
27704589	1757	1782	Organizational priorities	T062	C0376368
27704589	1826	1847	management structures	T090	C3273539
27704589	1900	1908	subgroup	T097	C0027363
27704589	1916	1946	Nursing Research Working Group	T097	C0027363
27704589	2011	2021	priorities	T062	C0376368
27704589	2061	2088	nurse-led research activity	T062	C0079816
27704589	2162	2169	inquiry	T052	C2987583

27704621|t|High School CPR / AED Training in Washington State
27704621|a|Describe the rates of CPR / AED training in high schools in the state of Washington after passage of legislation mandating CPR / AED training. A web -based survey was sent to administrators at 660 public and private high schools in the state of Washington. The survey was completed by 148 schools (22%); 64% reported providing CPR training and 54% provided AED training. Reported barriers to implementation included instructor availability, cost, and a lack of equipment. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample characteristics and implementation rates. Mandates without resources and support do not ensure implementation of CPR / AED training in high schools. Full public health benefits of a CPR mandate will not be realized until barriers to implementation are identified and eliminated through use of available, accessible public health resources.
27704621	0	11	High School	T073,T092	C0599395
27704621	12	15	CPR	T061	C0007203
27704621	18	21	AED	T074	C0180309
27704621	22	30	Training	T065	C0220931
27704621	34	50	Washington State	T083	C0043038
27704621	64	69	rates	T081	C1521828
27704621	73	76	CPR	T061	C0007203
27704621	79	82	AED	T074	C0180309
27704621	83	91	training	T065	C0220931
27704621	95	107	high schools	T073,T092	C0599395
27704621	115	134	state of Washington	T083	C0043038
27704621	152	173	legislation mandating	UnknownType	C0814715
27704621	174	177	CPR	T061	C0007203
27704621	180	183	AED	T074	C0180309
27704621	184	192	training	T065	C0220931
27704621	196	199	web	T073	C0282111
27704621	207	213	survey	T170	C0038951
27704621	226	240	administrators	T097	C0237456
27704621	248	254	public	T092	C0678367
27704621	259	266	private	T092	C0679727
27704621	267	279	high schools	T073,T092	C0599395
27704621	287	306	state of Washington	T083	C0043038
27704621	312	318	survey	T170	C0038951
27704621	323	332	completed	T080	C0205197
27704621	340	347	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
27704621	359	367	reported	T058	C0700287
27704621	378	381	CPR	T061	C0007203
27704621	382	390	training	T065	C0220931
27704621	408	411	AED	T074	C0180309
27704621	412	420	training	T065	C0220931
27704621	422	430	Reported	T058	C0700287
27704621	431	439	barriers	T033	C1948142
27704621	443	457	implementation	T052	C1708476
27704621	467	477	instructor	T097	C0556993
27704621	478	490	availability	T169	C0470187
27704621	492	496	cost	T081	C0010186
27704621	504	508	lack	T080	C0332268
27704621	512	521	equipment	T073	C0014672
27704621	523	545	Descriptive statistics	T090	C0038215
27704621	579	594	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27704621	599	613	implementation	T052	C1708476
27704621	614	619	rates	T081	C1521828
27704621	621	629	Mandates	UnknownType	C0814715
27704621	630	637	without	T080	C0332288
27704621	638	647	resources	T078	C0018741
27704621	652	659	support	T077	C1521721
27704621	674	688	implementation	T052	C1708476
27704621	692	695	CPR	T061	C0007203
27704621	698	701	AED	T074	C0180309
27704621	702	710	training	T065	C0220931
27704621	714	726	high schools	T073,T092	C0599395
27704621	728	732	Full	T080	C0443225
27704621	733	739	public	T092	C0678367
27704621	740	755	health benefits	T081	C0086387
27704621	761	764	CPR	T061	C0007203
27704621	765	772	mandate	UnknownType	C0814715
27704621	800	808	barriers	T033	C1948142
27704621	812	826	implementation	T052	C1708476
27704621	831	841	identified	T080	C0205396
27704621	846	856	eliminated	T080	C0849355
27704621	865	871	use of	T169	C1524063
27704621	872	881	available	T169	C0470187
27704621	894	900	public	T092	C0678367
27704621	901	917	health resources	T078	C0018741

27705854|t|Accurate Lungs Segmentation on CT Chest Images by Adaptive Appearance-Guided Shape Modeling
27705854|a|To accurately segment pathological and healthy lungs for reliable computer-aided disease diagnostics, a stack of chest CT scans is modeled as a sample of a spatially inhomogeneous joint 3D Markov-Gibbs random field (MGRF) of voxel-wise lung and chest CT image signals (intensities). The proposed learnable MGRF integrates two visual appearance sub-models with an adaptive lung shape submodel. The first-order appearance submodel accounts for both the original CT image and its Gaussian scale space (GSS) filtered version to specify local and global signal properties, respectively. Each empirical marginal probability distribution of signals is closely approximated with a linear combination of discrete Gaussians (LCDG), containing two positive dominant and multiple sign-alternate subordinate DGs. The approximation is separated into two LCDGs to describe individually the lungs and their background, i.e., all other chest tissues. The second-order appearance submodel quantifies conditional pairwise intensity dependencies in the nearest voxel 26-neighborhood in both the original and GSS-filtered images. The shape submodel is built for a set of training data and is adapted during segmentation using both the lung and chest appearances. The accuracy of the proposed segmentation framework is quantitatively assessed using two public databases (ISBI VESSEL12 challenge and MICCAI LOLA11 challenge) and our own database with, respectively, 20, 55, and 30 CT images of various lung pathologies acquired with different scanners and protocols. Quantitative assessment of our framework in terms of Dice similarity coefficients, 95-percentile bidirectional Hausdorff distances, and percentage volume differences confirms the high accuracy of our model on both our database (98.4±1.0%, 2.2±1.0 mm, 0.42±0.10%) and the VESSEL12 database (99.0±0.5%, 2.1±1.6 mm, 0.39±0.20%), respectively. Similarly, the accuracy of our approach is further verified via a blind evaluation by the organizers of the LOLA11 competition, where an average overlap of 98.0% with the expert's segmentation is yielded on all 55 subjects with our framework being ranked first among all the state-of-the-art techniques compared.
27705854	0	8	Accurate	T080	C0443131
27705854	9	14	Lungs	T023	C0024109
27705854	15	27	Segmentation	T058	C0700381
27705854	31	33	CT	T060	C0040405
27705854	34	39	Chest	T029	C0817096
27705854	40	46	Images	T170	C1704254
27705854	50	91	Adaptive Appearance-Guided Shape Modeling	T062	C0870071
27705854	95	105	accurately	T080	C0443131
27705854	106	113	segment	T058	C0700381
27705854	114	126	pathological	T169	C1521733
27705854	131	138	healthy	T080	C3898900
27705854	139	144	lungs	T023	C0024109
27705854	149	157	reliable	T080	C0205423
27705854	158	192	computer-aided disease diagnostics	T060	C0011905
27705854	196	201	stack	T082	C3272897
27705854	205	210	chest	T029	C0817096
27705854	211	213	CT	T060	C0040405
27705854	214	219	scans	T060	C0441633
27705854	223	230	modeled	T062	C0870071
27705854	248	271	spatially inhomogeneous	T082	C1254362
27705854	272	306	joint 3D Markov-Gibbs random field	T080	C0205556
27705854	308	312	MGRF	T080	C0205556
27705854	317	327	voxel-wise	T077	C2700259
27705854	328	332	lung	T023	C0024109
27705854	337	342	chest	T029	C0817096
27705854	343	345	CT	T060	C0040405
27705854	346	351	image	T170	C1704254
27705854	352	359	signals	T067	C1710082
27705854	361	372	intensities	T081	C0871362
27705854	379	387	proposed	T080	C1553874
27705854	398	402	MGRF	T080	C0205556
27705854	403	413	integrates	T066	C1705422
27705854	418	424	visual	T169	C0234621
27705854	425	435	appearance	T080	C0700364
27705854	436	446	sub-models	T075	C0026336
27705854	464	468	lung	T023	C0024109
27705854	475	483	submodel	T075	C0026336
27705854	501	511	appearance	T080	C0700364
27705854	512	520	submodel	T075	C0026336
27705854	543	551	original	T078	C0205313
27705854	552	554	CT	T060	C0040405
27705854	555	560	image	T170	C1704254
27705854	569	612	Gaussian scale space (GSS) filtered version	T080	C0205556
27705854	641	647	signal	T067	C1710082
27705854	679	688	empirical	T080	C1880496
27705854	689	697	marginal	T080	C1947914
27705854	698	722	probability distribution	T081	C3826440
27705854	726	733	signals	T067	C1710082
27705854	765	805	linear combination of discrete Gaussians	T080	C0205556
27705854	807	811	LCDG	T080	C0205556
27705854	829	890	positive dominant and multiple sign-alternate subordinate DGs	T080	C0205556
27705854	932	937	LCDGs	T080	C0205556
27705854	967	972	lungs	T023	C0024109
27705854	1011	1016	chest	T029	C0817096
27705854	1017	1024	tissues	T024	C0040300
27705854	1043	1053	appearance	T080	C0700364
27705854	1054	1062	submodel	T075	C0026336
27705854	1063	1073	quantifies	T081	C1709793
27705854	1074	1085	conditional	T080	C1701901
27705854	1086	1094	pairwise	T081	C0392762
27705854	1095	1104	intensity	T081	C0871362
27705854	1105	1117	dependencies	T170	C3669743
27705854	1167	1175	original	T078	C0205313
27705854	1180	1192	GSS-filtered	T080	C0205556
27705854	1193	1199	images	T170	C1704254
27705854	1211	1219	submodel	T075	C0026336
27705854	1242	1255	training data	T078	C1511726
27705854	1278	1290	segmentation	T058	C0700381
27705854	1306	1310	lung	T023	C0024109
27705854	1315	1320	chest	T029	C0817096
27705854	1321	1332	appearances	T080	C0700364
27705854	1338	1346	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27705854	1354	1362	proposed	T080	C1553874
27705854	1363	1375	segmentation	T058	C0700381
27705854	1389	1403	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
27705854	1404	1412	assessed	T052	C1516048
27705854	1430	1439	databases	T170	C0242356
27705854	1441	1464	ISBI VESSEL12 challenge	T170	C0242356
27705854	1469	1492	MICCAI LOLA11 challenge	T170	C0242356
27705854	1506	1514	database	T170	C0242356
27705854	1550	1552	CT	T060	C0040405
27705854	1553	1559	images	T170	C1704254
27705854	1571	1575	lung	T023	C0024109
27705854	1576	1587	pathologies	T169	C0205469
27705854	1612	1620	scanners	T074	C0183115
27705854	1625	1634	protocols	T061	C0040808
27705854	1636	1648	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
27705854	1649	1659	assessment	T052	C1516048
27705854	1689	1717	Dice similarity coefficients	T081	C0392762
27705854	1719	1766	95-percentile bidirectional Hausdorff distances	T081	C0392762
27705854	1772	1801	percentage volume differences	T081	C0392762
27705854	1820	1828	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27705854	1836	1841	model	T075	C0026336
27705854	1854	1862	database	T170	C0242356
27705854	1907	1924	VESSEL12 database	T170	C0242356
27705854	1991	1999	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27705854	1991	1999	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27705854	2007	2015	approach	T078	C3266812
27705854	2027	2035	verified	T169	C1711411
27705854	2042	2047	blind	T170	C1561605
27705854	2048	2058	evaluation	T170	C0015196
27705854	2084	2090	LOLA11	T170	C0242356
27705854	2091	2102	competition	T052	C3687609
27705854	2113	2120	average	T081	C1510992
27705854	2156	2168	segmentation	T058	C0700381
27705854	2251	2267	state-of-the-art	T080	C0205314
27705854	2268	2278	techniques	T169	C0449851
27705854	2279	2287	compared	T052	C1707455

27706165|t|Leprosy Drug Resistance Surveillance in Colombia: The Experience of a Sentinel Country
27706165|a|An active search for Mycobacterium leprae drug resistance was carried out, 243 multibacillary patients from endemic regions of Colombia were included from 2004 to 2013 in a surveillance program. This program was a World Health Organization initiative for drug resistance surveillance in leprosy, where Colombia is a sentinel country. M. leprae DNA from slit skin smear and/or skin biopsy samples was amplified and sequenced to identify mutations in the drug resistance determining region (DRDR) in rpoB, folP1, gyrA, and gyrB, the genes responsible for rifampicin, dapsone and ofloxacin drug-resistance, respectively. Three isolates exhibited mutations in the DRDR rpoB gene (Asp441Tyr, Ser456Leu, Ser458Met), two in the DRDR folP1 gene (Thr53Ala, Pro55Leu), and one isolate exhibited mutations in both DRDR rpoB (Ser456Met) and DRDR folP1 (Pro55Leu), suggesting multidrug resistance. One isolate had a double mutation in folP1 (Thr53Ala and Thr88Pro). Also, we detected mutations outside of DRDR that required in vivo evaluation of their association or not with drug resistance: rpoB Arg505Trp, folP1 Asp91His, Arg94Trp, and Thr88Pro, and gyrA Ala107Leu. Seventy percent of M. leprae mutations were related to drug resistance and were isolated from relapsed patients; the likelihood of relapse was significantly associated with the presence of confirmed resistance mutations (OR range 20.1-88.7, p < 0.05). Five of these relapsed patients received dapsone monotherapy as a primary treatment. In summary, the current study calls attention to M. leprae resistance in Colombia, especially the significant association between confirmed resistance mutations and relapse in leprosy patients. A high frequency of DRDR mutations for rifampicin was seen in a region where dapsone monotherapy was used extensively.
27706165	0	7	Leprosy	T047	C0023343
27706165	8	23	Drug Resistance	T038	C0013203
27706165	24	36	Surveillance	T058	C0733511
27706165	40	48	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27706165	54	64	Experience	T041	C0596545
27706165	70	86	Sentinel Country	T083	C0454664
27706165	90	103	active search	T062	C4290001
27706165	108	128	Mycobacterium leprae	T007	C0026922
27706165	129	144	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27706165	166	180	multibacillary	T047	C1562585
27706165	181	189	patients	T101	C0030705
27706165	195	210	endemic regions	T083	C0017446
27706165	214	222	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27706165	214	222	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27706165	260	280	surveillance program	T062	C1515095
27706165	287	294	program	T062	C1515095
27706165	301	326	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
27706165	342	357	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27706165	358	370	surveillance	T058	C0733511
27706165	374	381	leprosy	T047	C0023343
27706165	389	397	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27706165	403	419	sentinel country	T083	C0454664
27706165	421	430	M. leprae	T007	C0026922
27706165	431	434	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27706165	440	455	slit skin smear	T024	C0444101
27706165	463	482	skin biopsy samples	T024	C0586537
27706165	487	496	amplified	T045	C0683230
27706165	501	510	sequenced	T059,T063	C0917792
27706165	523	532	mutations	T045	C0596611
27706165	540	574	drug resistance determining region	T028	C0017337
27706165	576	580	DRDR	T028	C0017337
27706165	585	589	rpoB	T028	C3656149
27706165	591	596	folP1	T028	C3534385
27706165	598	602	gyrA	T028	C3656151
27706165	608	612	gyrB	T028	C3656150
27706165	618	623	genes	T028	C0017337
27706165	640	650	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27706165	652	659	dapsone	T109,T121	C0010980
27706165	664	673	ofloxacin	T109,T195	C0028902
27706165	674	689	drug-resistance	T038	C0013203
27706165	711	719	isolates	T123	C1764827
27706165	730	739	mutations	T045	C0596611
27706165	747	751	DRDR	T028	C0017337
27706165	752	761	rpoB gene	T028	C3656149
27706165	763	772	Asp441Tyr	T045	C0596611
27706165	774	783	Ser456Leu	T045	C0596611
27706165	785	794	Ser458Met	T045	C0596611
27706165	808	812	DRDR	T028	C0017337
27706165	813	823	folP1 gene	T028	C3534385
27706165	825	833	Thr53Ala	T045	C0596611
27706165	835	843	Pro55Leu	T045	C0596611
27706165	854	861	isolate	T123	C1764827
27706165	872	881	mutations	T045	C0596611
27706165	890	894	DRDR	T028	C0017337
27706165	895	899	rpoB	T028	C3656149
27706165	901	910	Ser456Met	T045	C0596611
27706165	916	920	DRDR	T028	C0017337
27706165	921	926	folP1	T028	C3534385
27706165	928	936	Pro55Leu	T045	C0596611
27706165	950	970	multidrug resistance	T032	C0242640
27706165	976	983	isolate	T123	C1764827
27706165	997	1005	mutation	T045	C0596611
27706165	1009	1014	folP1	T028	C3534385
27706165	1016	1024	Thr53Ala	T045	C0596611
27706165	1029	1037	Thr88Pro	T045	C0596611
27706165	1049	1057	detected	T033	C0442726
27706165	1058	1067	mutations	T045	C0596611
27706165	1079	1083	DRDR	T028	C0017337
27706165	1098	1105	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27706165	1106	1116	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27706165	1150	1165	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27706165	1167	1171	rpoB	T028	C3656149
27706165	1172	1181	Arg505Trp	T045	C0596611
27706165	1183	1188	folP1	T028	C3534385
27706165	1189	1197	Asp91His	T045	C0596611
27706165	1199	1207	Arg94Trp	T045	C0596611
27706165	1213	1221	Thr88Pro	T045	C0596611
27706165	1227	1231	gyrA	T028	C3656151
27706165	1232	1241	Ala107Leu	T045	C0596611
27706165	1262	1271	M. leprae	T007	C0026922
27706165	1272	1281	mutations	T045	C0596611
27706165	1298	1313	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27706165	1337	1345	relapsed	T067	C0035020
27706165	1346	1354	patients	T101	C0030705
27706165	1374	1381	relapse	T067	C0035020
27706165	1386	1399	significantly	T078	C0750502
27706165	1432	1441	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27706165	1442	1452	resistance	T038	C0013203
27706165	1453	1462	mutations	T045	C0596611
27706165	1509	1517	relapsed	T067	C0035020
27706165	1518	1526	patients	T101	C0030705
27706165	1536	1543	dapsone	T109,T121	C0010980
27706165	1544	1555	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
27706165	1569	1578	treatment	T061	C0087111
27706165	1604	1609	study	T062	C2603343
27706165	1629	1638	M. leprae	T007	C0026922
27706165	1639	1649	resistance	T038	C0013203
27706165	1653	1661	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27706165	1678	1689	significant	T078	C0750502
27706165	1720	1730	resistance	T038	C0013203
27706165	1731	1740	mutations	T045	C0596611
27706165	1745	1752	relapse	T067	C0035020
27706165	1756	1763	leprosy	T047	C0023343
27706165	1764	1772	patients	T101	C0030705
27706165	1776	1790	high frequency	T079	C0205212
27706165	1794	1798	DRDR	T028	C0017337
27706165	1799	1808	mutations	T045	C0596611
27706165	1813	1823	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27706165	1838	1844	region	T083	C0017446
27706165	1851	1858	dapsone	T109,T121	C0010980
27706165	1859	1870	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
27706165	1880	1891	extensively	T080	C0205231

27706190|t|Influence of Different Levels of Lipoic Acid Synthase Gene Expression on Diabetic Nephropathy
27706190|a|Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) but outcomes of many clinical trials are controversial. To define the role of antioxidants in kidney protection during the development of diabetic nephropathy, we have generated a novel genetic antioxidant mouse model with over- or under-expression of lipoic acid synthase gene (Lias). These models have been mated with Ins2Akita/+ mice, a type I diabetic mouse model. We compare the major pathologic changes and oxidative stress status in two new strains of the mice with controls. Our results show that Ins2Akita/+ mice with under-expressed Lias gene, exhibit higher oxidative stress and more severe DN features (albuminuria, glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial matrix expansion). In contrast, Ins2Akita/+ mice with highly - expressed Lias gene display lower oxidative stress and less DN pathologic changes. Our study demonstrates that strengthening endogenous antioxidant capacity could be an effective strategy for prevention and treatment of DN.
27706190	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
27706190	13	22	Different	T080	C1705242
27706190	23	29	Levels	T079	C1306673
27706190	33	53	Lipoic Acid Synthase	T028	C1424272
27706190	54	69	Gene Expression	T045	C0017262
27706190	73	93	Diabetic Nephropathy	T047	C0011881
27706190	94	110	Oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27706190	132	144	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27706190	148	168	diabetic nephropathy	T047	C0011881
27706190	170	172	DN	T047	C0011881
27706190	178	186	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27706190	195	210	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27706190	244	248	role	T077	C1705810
27706190	252	264	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
27706190	268	274	kidney	T023	C0022646
27706190	286	292	during	T079	C0347984
27706190	297	308	development	T169	C1527148
27706190	312	332	diabetic nephropathy	T047	C0011881
27706190	342	351	generated	T052	C3146294
27706190	354	359	novel	T080	C0205314
27706190	360	391	genetic antioxidant mouse model	T050	C2986594
27706190	397	422	over- or under-expression	T045	C0017262
27706190	426	451	lipoic acid synthase gene	T028	C1424272
27706190	453	457	Lias	T028	C1424272
27706190	466	472	models	T050	C2986594
27706190	483	488	mated	T040	C1260875
27706190	494	510	Ins2Akita/+ mice	T015	C0025929
27706190	514	529	type I diabetic	T047	C0836995
27706190	530	541	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27706190	546	553	compare	T052	C1707455
27706190	558	563	major	T080	C0205164
27706190	564	582	pathologic changes	T034	C4086730
27706190	587	603	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27706190	604	610	status	T080	C0449438
27706190	637	641	mice	T015	C0025929
27706190	661	668	results	T169	C1274040
27706190	679	695	Ins2Akita/+ mice	T015	C0025929
27706190	701	716	under-expressed	T045	C0017262
27706190	717	726	Lias gene	T028	C1424272
27706190	736	742	higher	T080	C0205250
27706190	743	759	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27706190	764	768	more	T081	C0205172
27706190	769	775	severe	T080	C0205082
27706190	776	778	DN	T047	C0011881
27706190	779	787	features	T080	C2348519
27706190	789	800	albuminuria	T033	C0001925
27706190	802	841	glomerular basement membrane thickening	T033	C0445347
27706190	846	872	mesangial matrix expansion	T033	C3553722
27706190	888	904	Ins2Akita/+ mice	T015	C0025929
27706190	910	916	highly	T080	C0205250
27706190	919	928	expressed	T045	C0017262
27706190	929	938	Lias gene	T028	C1424272
27706190	939	946	display	T169	C0870432
27706190	947	952	lower	T080	C0205251
27706190	953	969	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27706190	974	978	less	T080	C0547044
27706190	979	981	DN	T047	C0011881
27706190	982	1000	pathologic changes	T034	C4086730
27706190	1006	1011	study	T062	C2603343
27706190	1012	1024	demonstrates	T052	C3687625
27706190	1044	1054	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27706190	1055	1066	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27706190	1067	1075	capacity	T081	C1516240
27706190	1088	1121	effective strategy for prevention	UnknownType	C0679723
27706190	1126	1135	treatment	T169	C1522326
27706190	1139	1141	DN	T047	C0011881

27706576|t|DNA barcoding and phylogenetic relationships of Ardeidae (Aves: Ciconiiformes)
27706576|a|The avian family Ardeidae comprises long-legged freshwater and coastal birds. There has been considerable disagreement concerning the intrafamilial relationships of Ardeidae. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was used as a marker for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of avian species. In the present study, we analyzed the COI barcodes of 32 species from 17 genera belonging to the family Ardeidae. Each bird species possessed a barcode distinct from that of other bird species except for Egretta thula and E. garzetta, which shared one barcoding sequence. Kimura two-parameter distances were calculated between barcodes. The average genetic distance between species was 34-fold higher than the average genetic distance within species. Neighbor - joining and maximum likelihood methods were used to construct phylogenetic trees. Most species could be discriminated by their distinct clades in the phylogenetic tree. Both methods of phylogenetic reconstruction suggested that Zebrilus, Tigrisoma, and Cochlearius were an offshoot of the primitive herons. COI gene analysis suggested that the other herons could be divided into two clades: Botaurinae and Ardeinae. Our results support the Great Egret and Intermediate Egret being in separate genera, Casmerodius and Mesophoyx, respectively.
27706576	0	13	DNA barcoding	T062	C2936547
27706576	18	30	phylogenetic	T062	C1519068
27706576	31	44	relationships	T080	C0439849
27706576	48	56	Ardeidae	T012	C0325436
27706576	58	62	Aves	T012	C0005595
27706576	64	77	Ciconiiformes	T012	C0325435
27706576	83	88	avian	T012	C0005595
27706576	89	104	family Ardeidae	T012	C0325436
27706576	115	126	long-legged	T033	C0575989
27706576	127	137	freshwater	T167	C0016710
27706576	142	155	coastal birds	T012	C0597941
27706576	198	208	concerning	T078	C2699424
27706576	213	226	intrafamilial	T033	C2675094
27706576	227	240	relationships	T080	C0439849
27706576	244	252	Ardeidae	T012	C0325436
27706576	254	267	Mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27706576	268	298	cytochrome c oxidase subunit I	T116,T126	C4284184
27706576	300	303	COI	T116,T126	C4284184
27706576	319	325	marker	T201	C0005516
27706576	334	348	identification	T080	C0205396
27706576	353	374	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27706576	378	383	avian	T012	C0005595
27706576	384	391	species	T185	C1705920
27706576	408	413	study	T059	C0947630
27706576	418	426	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27706576	431	434	COI	T028	C1537985
27706576	435	443	barcodes	T087	C2936548
27706576	450	457	species	T185	C1705920
27706576	466	472	genera	T185	C1708235
27706576	490	505	family Ardeidae	T012	C0325436
27706576	512	516	bird	T012	C0005595
27706576	517	524	species	T185	C1705920
27706576	525	534	possessed	T078	C3154893
27706576	537	544	barcode	T087	C2936548
27706576	545	553	distinct	T080	C1705242
27706576	573	577	bird	T012	C0005595
27706576	578	585	species	T185	C1705920
27706576	597	610	Egretta thula	T012	C0325450
27706576	615	626	E. garzetta	T012	C1482697
27706576	634	640	shared	T169	C1522138
27706576	645	654	barcoding	T062	C2936547
27706576	655	663	sequence	T086	C0162326
27706576	665	695	Kimura two-parameter distances	T081	C0041434
27706576	701	711	calculated	T052	C1441506
27706576	720	728	barcodes	T087	C2936548
27706576	734	741	average	T081	C1510992
27706576	742	758	genetic distance	T169	C0242485
27706576	767	774	species	T185	C1705920
27706576	787	793	higher	T080	C0205250
27706576	803	810	average	T081	C1510992
27706576	811	827	genetic distance	T169	C0242485
27706576	835	842	species	T185	C1705920
27706576	844	852	Neighbor	T082	C0205107
27706576	855	862	joining	T052	C2986575
27706576	867	893	maximum likelihood methods	T062	C1708949
27706576	907	916	construct	T185	C2827421
27706576	917	935	phylogenetic trees	T078	C0031797
27706576	942	949	species	T185	C1705920
27706576	959	972	discriminated	T080	C0205235
27706576	982	990	distinct	T080	C1705242
27706576	991	997	clades	T008	C1318101
27706576	1005	1022	phylogenetic tree	T078	C0031797
27706576	1029	1036	methods	T169	C0449851
27706576	1040	1067	phylogenetic reconstruction	T185	C2827421
27706576	1083	1091	Zebrilus	T012	C1052123
27706576	1093	1102	Tigrisoma	T012	C1052122
27706576	1108	1119	Cochlearius	T012	C1088809
27706576	1144	1153	primitive	T170	C3645627
27706576	1154	1160	herons	T012	C0325437
27706576	1162	1170	COI gene	T028	C1537985
27706576	1171	1179	analysis	T062	C0936012
27706576	1205	1211	herons	T012	C0325437
27706576	1221	1228	divided	T169	C0332849
27706576	1238	1244	clades	T008	C1318101
27706576	1246	1256	Botaurinae	T012	C3669516
27706576	1261	1269	Ardeinae	T012	C3669517
27706576	1275	1282	results	T169	C1274040
27706576	1295	1306	Great Egret	T012	C1052063
27706576	1311	1323	Intermediate	T082	C0205103
27706576	1324	1329	Egret	T012	C0325449
27706576	1339	1347	separate	T080	C0443299
27706576	1348	1354	genera	T185	C1708235
27706576	1356	1367	Casmerodius	T012	C1300970
27706576	1372	1381	Mesophoyx	T012	C1482701

27706588|t|Assessment of genetic relationship among Rhododendron cultivars using amplified fragment length polymorphism and inter-simple sequence repeat markers
27706588|a|Genetic relationships of 17 Rhododendron cultivars, China, were assessed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 133 bands were obtained using nine selected ISSR primers, 129 (96.99%) of which were polymorphic; 267 bands were amplified by four AFLP primer pairs, 251 (94.01%) of which exhibited polymorphism. Based on these polymorphic products, a cluster analysis revealed similarities between the results of the ISSR and AFLP. All of the cultivars were clustered into two major branches; one branch contained the same four cultivars, and the other cultivars were separated into different groups in the other branch. The cluster results showed that the genetic relationships of the 17 cultivars were partly related to their morphological characteristics, particularly the flowering phase. Therefore, the results of this study support the classification of Rhododendron cultivars according to flowering phase. In addition, the cluster results can be used to select suitable parents for breeding.
27706588	0	10	Assessment	T052	C1516048
27706588	14	21	genetic	T169	C0314603
27706588	22	34	relationship	T080	C0439849
27706588	41	53	Rhododendron	T002	C0330429
27706588	54	63	cultivars	T077	C1883525
27706588	70	108	amplified fragment length polymorphism	T063	C1955927
27706588	113	141	inter-simple sequence repeat	UnknownType	C0684192
27706588	142	149	markers	T086	C0012872
27706588	150	157	Genetic	T169	C0314603
27706588	158	171	relationships	T080	C0439849
27706588	178	190	Rhododendron	T002	C0330429
27706588	191	200	cultivars	T077	C1883525
27706588	202	207	China	T083	C0008115
27706588	214	222	assessed	T052	C1516048
27706588	229	257	inter-simple sequence repeat	UnknownType	C0684192
27706588	259	263	ISSR	UnknownType	C0684192
27706588	269	307	amplified fragment length polymorphism	T063	C1955927
27706588	309	313	AFLP	T063	C1955927
27706588	315	322	markers	T086	C0012872
27706588	379	383	ISSR	UnknownType	C0684192
27706588	384	391	primers	T114	C0206416
27706588	420	431	polymorphic	T080	C1882417
27706588	466	470	AFLP	T063	C1955927
27706588	471	483	primer pairs	T114	C0206416
27706588	517	529	polymorphism	T080	C1882417
27706588	546	557	polymorphic	T080	C1882417
27706588	558	566	products	T071	C1514468
27706588	570	586	cluster analysis	T062	C0009085
27706588	596	608	similarities	T080	C2348205
27706588	621	628	results	T169	C1274040
27706588	636	640	ISSR	UnknownType	C0684192
27706588	645	649	AFLP	T063	C1955927
27706588	662	671	cultivars	T077	C1883525
27706588	677	686	clustered	T169	C0332227
27706588	702	710	branches	T078	C1254370
27706588	716	722	branch	T078	C1254370
27706588	747	756	cultivars	T077	C1883525
27706588	772	781	cultivars	T077	C1883525
27706588	812	818	groups	T078	C0441833
27706588	832	838	branch	T078	C1254370
27706588	844	851	cluster	T081	C1704332
27706588	852	859	results	T169	C1274040
27706588	876	883	genetic	T169	C0314603
27706588	884	897	relationships	T080	C0439849
27706588	908	917	cultivars	T077	C1883525
27706588	930	937	related	T080	C0439849
27706588	947	960	morphological	T082	C0543482
27706588	961	976	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27706588	995	1004	flowering	T040	C1820370
27706588	1005	1010	phase	T079	C0205390
27706588	1027	1034	results	T169	C1274040
27706588	1043	1048	study	T062	C2603343
27706588	1061	1075	classification	T185	C0008902
27706588	1079	1091	Rhododendron	T002	C0330429
27706588	1092	1101	cultivars	T077	C1883525
27706588	1115	1124	flowering	T040	C1820370
27706588	1125	1130	phase	T079	C0205390
27706588	1149	1156	cluster	T081	C1704332
27706588	1157	1164	results	T169	C1274040
27706588	1180	1186	select	T052	C1707391
27706588	1208	1216	breeding	T040	C0006159

27706773|t|Relationship between genetic polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and breast cancer chemotherapy response
27706773|a|Activity of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), an enzyme involved in folate metabolism, is influenced by mutations in the corresponding gene, contributing to a decrease in 5,10-MTHF. Due to such polymorphisms, individuals differ in MTHFR enzyme activity and plasma folate levels. We investigated the relationship between two common MTHFR polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) and breast cancer (BC) chemotherapy response. From February 2013 to January 2016, 148 advanced BC patients at the Center Hospital of Cangzhou were enrolled and treated with six different chemotherapy regimens. Subjects were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism. Forty-one (27.7%), 70 (47.3%), and 37 (25.0%) patients carried the C/C, C/T, and T/T C677T genotypes, respectively; 101 (68.2%), 42 (28.4%), and 5 (3.4%) had the A/A, A/C, and C/C genotypes of A1298C, respectively. Total chemotherapy efficacy was 66.9% (99/148), with 7 (4.7%), 92 (62.2%), 36 (24.3%), and 13 (8.8%) cases showing complete response, partial response, no change, and progressive disease, respectively. Chemotherapy regimens did not differ in effectiveness (P > 0.05). Efficacy rates associated with C677T C/C, C/T, and T/T genotypes were 58.5, 58.6, and 91.9%, respectively, with T/T carriers exhibiting significantly better responses than the C/C (P < 0.05) and C/T groups (P < 0.05). Effectiveness among A1298C A/A, A/C, and C/C carriers was 70.6, 64.3, and 0.0%, respectively, but no difference was established between these genotypes in this regard (P > 0.05). The MTHFR C677T genotype may be associated with BC chemotherapy response, and could be of great value in guiding individualized treatment for this disease.
27706773	0	12	Relationship	T080	C0439849
27706773	21	42	genetic polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
27706773	46	81	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	T116,T126	C0066357
27706773	86	99	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27706773	100	112	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27706773	113	121	response	T201	C0521982
27706773	122	169	Activity of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	T044	C1151783
27706773	171	176	MTHFR	T116,T126	C0066357
27706773	182	188	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27706773	201	218	folate metabolism	T044	C1157079
27706773	237	246	mutations	T045	C0596611
27706773	268	272	gene	T028	C0017337
27706773	292	300	decrease	T081	C0547047
27706773	304	313	5,10-MTHF	T109,T121,T127	C0048858
27706773	327	340	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
27706773	342	353	individuals	T098	C0237401
27706773	364	385	MTHFR enzyme activity	T044	C1151783
27706773	390	410	plasma folate levels	T059	C0427425
27706773	415	427	investigated	T169	C1292732
27706773	432	444	relationship	T080	C0439849
27706773	464	469	MTHFR	T028	C0919427
27706773	470	483	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
27706773	485	490	C677T	T028	C0017337
27706773	495	501	A1298C	T028	C0017337
27706773	507	520	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27706773	522	524	BC	T191	C0006142
27706773	526	538	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27706773	539	547	response	T201	C0521982
27706773	554	562	February	T080	C3830166
27706773	571	578	January	T080	C3829466
27706773	589	597	advanced	T080	C0205179
27706773	598	600	BC	T191	C0006142
27706773	601	609	patients	T101	C0030705
27706773	617	632	Center Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27706773	636	644	Cangzhou	UnknownType	C0681784
27706773	663	670	treated	T169	C1522326
27706773	680	689	different	T080	C1705242
27706773	690	711	chemotherapy regimens	T061	C0392920
27706773	713	721	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27706773	727	736	genotyped	T032	C0017431
27706773	743	768	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27706773	771	811	restriction fragment length polymorphism	T049	C0035268
27706773	859	867	patients	T101	C0030705
27706773	880	883	C/C	T032	C0017431
27706773	885	888	C/T	T032	C0017431
27706773	894	913	T/T C677T genotypes	T032	C0017431
27706773	975	978	A/A	T032	C0017431
27706773	980	983	A/C	T032	C0017431
27706773	989	1002	C/C genotypes	T032	C0017431
27706773	1006	1012	A1298C	T028	C0017337
27706773	1028	1033	Total	T080	C0439810
27706773	1034	1046	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27706773	1047	1055	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27706773	1129	1134	cases	T077	C1706256
27706773	1143	1151	complete	T080	C0205197
27706773	1152	1160	response	T201	C0521982
27706773	1162	1169	partial	T081	C0728938
27706773	1170	1178	response	T201	C0521982
27706773	1180	1189	no change	T033	C0442739
27706773	1195	1214	progressive disease	T191	C0677932
27706773	1230	1251	Chemotherapy regimens	T061	C0392920
27706773	1270	1283	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27706773	1296	1304	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
27706773	1305	1310	rates	T081	C1521828
27706773	1311	1326	associated with	T080	C0332281
27706773	1327	1336	C677T C/C	T032	C0017431
27706773	1338	1341	C/T	T032	C0017431
27706773	1347	1360	T/T genotypes	T032	C0017431
27706773	1408	1411	T/T	T032	C0017431
27706773	1412	1420	carriers	T033	C0007294
27706773	1453	1462	responses	T201	C0521982
27706773	1472	1475	C/C	T032	C0017431
27706773	1491	1494	C/T	T032	C0017431
27706773	1495	1501	groups	T078	C0441833
27706773	1514	1527	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27706773	1534	1540	A1298C	T028	C0017337
27706773	1541	1544	A/A	T032	C0017431
27706773	1546	1549	A/C	T032	C0017431
27706773	1555	1558	C/C	T032	C0017431
27706773	1559	1567	carriers	T033	C0007294
27706773	1612	1625	no difference	T033	C3842396
27706773	1656	1665	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27706773	1697	1702	MTHFR	T028	C0919427
27706773	1703	1717	C677T genotype	T032	C0017431
27706773	1725	1740	associated with	T080	C0332281
27706773	1741	1743	BC	T191	C0006142
27706773	1744	1756	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27706773	1757	1765	response	T201	C0521982
27706773	1798	1805	guiding	T170	C0220845
27706773	1806	1820	individualized	T080	C1881197
27706773	1821	1830	treatment	T061	C0087111
27706773	1840	1847	disease	T047	C0012634

27706911|t|Making extra teeth: Lessons from a TRPS1 mutation
27706911|a|A Thai mother and her two daughters were affected with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I. The daughters had 15 and 18 supernumerary teeth, respectively. The mother had normal dentition. Mutation analysis of TRPS1 showed a novel heterozygous c.3809_3811del ACTinsCATGTTGTG mutation in all. This mutation is predicted to cause amino acid changes in the Ikaros-like zinc finger domain near the C-terminal end of TRPS1, which is important for repressive protein function. The results of our study and the comprehensive review of the literature show that pathways of forming supernumerary teeth appear to involve APC and RUNX2, the genes responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome and cleidocranial dysplasia, respectively. The final pathway resulting in supernumerary teeth seems to involve Wnt, a morphogen active during many stages of development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27706911	7	18	extra teeth	T033	C0040457
27706911	35	40	TRPS1	T028	C1421175
27706911	41	49	mutation	T045	C0026882
27706911	52	56	Thai	T098	C0337910
27706911	57	63	mother	T099	C0026591
27706911	76	85	daughters	T099	C0011011
27706911	105	144	tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type I	T047	C0432233
27706911	150	159	daughters	T099	C0011011
27706911	174	193	supernumerary teeth	T033	C0040457
27706911	213	219	mother	T099	C0026591
27706911	231	240	dentition	T023	C0011443
27706911	242	259	Mutation analysis	T059	C0796357
27706911	263	268	TRPS1	T028	C1421175
27706911	284	296	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
27706911	297	311	c.3809_3811del	T049	C0544883
27706911	312	327	ACTinsCATGTTGTG	T086	C0004793
27706911	328	336	mutation	T045	C0026882
27706911	350	358	mutation	T045	C0026882
27706911	381	399	amino acid changes	T033	C1953353
27706911	407	437	Ikaros-like zinc finger domain	T087	C3825029
27706911	447	461	C-terminal end	T087	C1707271
27706911	465	470	TRPS1	T116,T123	C1430964
27706911	506	522	protein function	T044	C1527118
27706911	528	535	results	T169	C1274040
27706911	543	548	study	T062	C2603343
27706911	557	570	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27706911	571	577	review	T080	C1704362
27706911	585	595	literature	T170	C0023866
27706911	606	614	pathways	T077	C1705987
27706911	618	625	forming	T169	C1522492
27706911	626	645	supernumerary teeth	T033	C0040457
27706911	664	667	APC	T028	C0162832
27706911	672	677	RUNX2	T028	C1419771
27706911	683	688	genes	T028	C0017337
27706911	705	744	familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome	T191	C0032580
27706911	749	772	cleidocranial dysplasia	T047	C0008928
27706911	798	805	pathway	T077	C1705987
27706911	819	838	supernumerary teeth	T033	C0040457
27706911	856	859	Wnt	T116,T123	C0753137
27706911	863	872	morphogen	T116,T123	C0033684
27706911	892	898	stages	T079	C1306673
27706911	902	913	development	T169	C1527148

27707812|t|Spontaneous activity is correlated with coding density in primary auditory cortex
27707812|a|Sensory neurons across sensory modalities and specific processing areas have diverse levels of spontaneous firing rates (SFRs) in the absence of sensory stimuli. However, the functional significance of this spontaneous activity is not well-understood. Previous studies in the auditory system have demonstrated that different levels of spontaneous activity are correlated with a variety of physiological and anatomic properties, suggesting that neurons with differing SFRs make unique contributions to the encoding of auditory stimuli. Additionally, altered SFRs are a correlate of tinnitus, arising in several auditory areas after exposure to ototoxic substances and noise trauma. In this study, we recorded single-unit activity from primary auditory cortex of awake marmoset monkeys while delivering wide-band random-spectrum stimuli and white Gaussian noise (WGN) to examine any divergences in stimulus encoding properties across SFR classes. We found that higher levels of spontaneous activity were associated with both higher levels of activation relative to suppression across a variety of wide-band stimuli and higher driven rates in response to WGN. Moreover, response latencies to WGN were negatively correlated with the level of activation in response to both stimulus types. These findings are consistent with a novel view of the role spontaneous spiking may play during normal stimulus processing in primary auditory cortex and how it may malfunction in cases of tinnitus.
27707812	0	20	Spontaneous activity	T039	C0443158
27707812	24	34	correlated	T080	C1707520
27707812	40	46	coding	T052	C2700640
27707812	47	54	density	T081	C0178587
27707812	58	81	primary auditory cortex	T029	C2954070
27707812	82	97	Sensory neurons	T025	C0027883
27707812	105	123	sensory modalities	T067	C0234402
27707812	137	147	processing	T052	C1709694
27707812	177	201	spontaneous firing rates	T039	C1254359
27707812	203	207	SFRs	T039	C1254359
27707812	227	242	sensory stimuli	UnknownType	C0683107
27707812	257	267	functional	T169	C0205245
27707812	268	280	significance	T078	C0750502
27707812	289	309	spontaneous activity	T039	C0443158
27707812	343	350	studies	T062	C2603343
27707812	358	373	auditory system	T022	C0587901
27707812	417	437	spontaneous activity	T039	C0443158
27707812	442	452	correlated	T080	C1707520
27707812	471	484	physiological	T169	C0205463
27707812	489	497	anatomic	T080	C0220784
27707812	526	533	neurons	T025	C0027882
27707812	549	553	SFRs	T039	C1254359
27707812	587	595	encoding	T052	C2700640
27707812	599	615	auditory stimuli	T039	C0178490
27707812	639	643	SFRs	T039	C1254359
27707812	663	671	tinnitus	T033	C0040264
27707812	692	706	auditory areas	T023	C0004302
27707812	725	733	ototoxic	T037	C1407041
27707812	734	744	substances	T167	C0439861
27707812	749	754	noise	T067	C0028263
27707812	755	761	trauma	T037	C3714660
27707812	771	776	study	T062	C2603343
27707812	781	810	recorded single-unit activity	T059	C1537057
27707812	816	839	primary auditory cortex	T029	C2954070
27707812	849	857	marmoset	T015	C0006764
27707812	858	865	monkeys	T015	C0026447
27707812	883	916	wide-band random-spectrum stimuli	T067	C0234402
27707812	921	941	white Gaussian noise	T170	C3161035
27707812	943	946	WGN	T170	C3161035
27707812	963	974	divergences	T082	C0443204
27707812	978	986	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27707812	987	995	encoding	T052	C2700640
27707812	1058	1078	spontaneous activity	T039	C0443158
27707812	1122	1132	activation	T052	C1879547
27707812	1145	1156	suppression	T169	C1260953
27707812	1177	1194	wide-band stimuli	T067	C0234402
27707812	1222	1230	response	T032	C0871261
27707812	1234	1237	WGN	T170	C3161035
27707812	1249	1267	response latencies	T079	C0242465
27707812	1271	1274	WGN	T170	C3161035
27707812	1291	1301	correlated	T080	C1707520
27707812	1320	1330	activation	T052	C1879547
27707812	1334	1342	response	T032	C0871261
27707812	1351	1359	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27707812	1427	1446	spontaneous spiking	T039	C0443158
27707812	1470	1478	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27707812	1479	1489	processing	T052	C1709694
27707812	1493	1516	primary auditory cortex	T029	C2954070
27707812	1532	1543	malfunction	T169	C0231174
27707812	1556	1564	tinnitus	T033	C0040264

27707823|t|Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in the Portuguese population: comparison of three cross-sectional studies spanning three decades
27707823|a|Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan infecting up to one-third of the world's population, constituting a life threat if transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy. In Portugal, there is a lack of knowledge of the current epidemiological situation, as the unique toxoplasmosis National Serological Survey was performed in 1979/1980. We studied the seroprevalence trends in the Portuguese general population over the past 3 decades, by assessing chronological spread cross-sectional studies, with special focus on women of childbearing age, by age group, region and gender. The T. gondii overall seroprevalence decreased from 47% in 1979/1980 to 22% (95% CI 20% to 24%) in 2013. Generally, we observed that the prevalence of T. gondii IgG increased significantly with age and it decreased over time, both in the general population and in the childbearing women (18% prevalence in 2013). The scenario observed for the latter indicates that more than 80% of childbearing women are susceptible to primary infection yielding a risk of congenital toxoplasmosis and respective sequelae. Since there is no vaccine to prevent human toxoplasmosis, the improvement of primary prevention constitutes a major tool to avoid infection in such susceptible groups.
27707823	0	17	Toxoplasma gondii	T204	C0040557
27707823	18	32	seroprevalence	T062	C0600367
27707823	40	61	Portuguese population	T098	C0032730
27707823	83	106	cross-sectional studies	T062	C0010362
27707823	122	129	decades	T081	C2981279
27707823	130	147	Toxoplasma gondii	T204	C0040557
27707823	163	176	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27707823	177	186	protozoan	T204	C0033739
27707823	220	238	world's population	T098	C2700280
27707823	255	266	life threat	T033	C2826244
27707823	270	281	transmitted	T070	C1521797
27707823	287	293	mother	T099	C0026591
27707823	297	302	child	T100	C0008059
27707823	310	319	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27707823	324	332	Portugal	T083	C0032729
27707823	378	403	epidemiological situation	T169	C1516907
27707823	419	432	toxoplasmosis	T047	C0040558
27707823	433	460	National Serological Survey	T062	C0681817
27707823	504	518	seroprevalence	T062	C0600367
27707823	533	562	Portuguese general population	T098	C0032730
27707823	579	586	decades	T081	C2981279
27707823	622	645	cross-sectional studies	T062	C0010362
27707823	669	674	women	T098	C0043210
27707823	678	690	childbearing	T039	C0031845
27707823	691	694	age	T032	C0001779
27707823	699	708	age group	T100	C0027362
27707823	710	716	region	T083	C0017446
27707823	721	727	gender	T032	C0079399
27707823	733	742	T. gondii	T204	C0040557
27707823	751	765	seroprevalence	T062	C0600367
27707823	866	876	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27707823	880	889	T. gondii	T204	C0040557
27707823	890	893	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27707823	923	926	age	T032	C0001779
27707823	949	953	time	T079	C0040223
27707823	975	985	population	T081	C0032659
27707823	997	1009	childbearing	T039	C0031845
27707823	1010	1015	women	T098	C0043210
27707823	1021	1031	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27707823	1111	1123	childbearing	T039	C0031845
27707823	1124	1129	women	T098	C0043210
27707823	1134	1145	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27707823	1157	1166	infection	T046	C3714514
27707823	1178	1182	risk	T078	C0035647
27707823	1186	1210	congenital toxoplasmosis	T047	C0040560
27707823	1226	1234	sequelae	T046	C0243088
27707823	1251	1253	no	T033	C1513916
27707823	1254	1261	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27707823	1273	1278	human	T016	C0086418
27707823	1279	1292	toxoplasmosis	T047	C0040558
27707823	1313	1331	primary prevention	T061	C0033144
27707823	1366	1375	infection	T046	C3714514
27707823	1384	1395	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27707823	1396	1402	groups	T098	C1257890

27708057|t|Systematic mapping of functional enhancer - promoter connections with CRISPR interference
27708057|a|Gene expression in mammals is regulated by noncoding elements that can affect physiology and disease, yet the functions and target genes of most noncoding elements remain unknown. We present a high-throughput approach that uses clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) interference (CRISPRi) to discover regulatory elements and identify their target genes. We assess >1 megabase of sequence in the vicinity of two essential transcription factors, MYC and GATA1, and identify nine distal enhancers that control gene expression and cellular proliferation. Quantitative features of chromatin state and chromosome conformation distinguish the seven enhancers that regulate MYC from other elements that do not, suggesting a strategy for predicting enhancer - promoter connectivity. This CRISPRi -based approach can be applied to dissect transcriptional networks and interpret the contributions of noncoding genetic variation to human disease.
27708057	0	18	Systematic mapping	T062	C0079435
27708057	22	32	functional	T169	C0205245
27708057	33	41	enhancer	T114,T123	C0014290
27708057	44	52	promoter	T114,T123	C2350877
27708057	53	64	connections	T169	C0205245
27708057	70	76	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
27708057	70	89	CRISPR interference	T059	C0200924
27708057	90	105	Gene expression	T045	C0017262
27708057	109	116	mammals	T015	C0024660
27708057	120	129	regulated	T045	C0017263
27708057	133	151	noncoding elements	T114,T123	C0021920
27708057	168	178	physiology	T039	C0031843
27708057	183	190	disease	T047	C0012634
27708057	200	209	functions	T169	C0542341
27708057	214	226	target genes	T028	C0017337
27708057	235	253	noncoding elements	T114,T123	C0021920
27708057	261	268	unknown	T080	C0439673
27708057	283	307	high-throughput approach	T170	C0872047
27708057	318	375	clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats	T114	C3658200
27708057	318	397	clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) interference	T059	C0200924
27708057	377	383	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
27708057	399	406	CRISPRi	T059	C0200924
27708057	420	439	regulatory elements	T114,T123	C0021920
27708057	459	471	target genes	T028	C0017337
27708057	476	482	assess	T058	C0184514
27708057	486	494	megabase	T081	C1533164
27708057	498	506	sequence	T086	C0004793
27708057	540	561	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27708057	563	566	MYC	T116,T123	C1137610
27708057	571	576	GATA1	T116,T123	C1530719
27708057	596	602	distal	T082	C0205108
27708057	603	612	enhancers	T114,T123	C0014290
27708057	618	625	control	T080	C0243148
27708057	626	641	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27708057	646	668	cellular proliferation	T043	C0596290
27708057	670	682	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
27708057	683	691	features	T080	C2348519
27708057	695	704	chromatin	T116	C0008546
27708057	705	710	state	T169	C1442792
27708057	715	725	chromosome	T026	C0008633
27708057	726	738	conformation	T033	C1299941
27708057	761	770	enhancers	T114,T123	C0014290
27708057	785	788	MYC	T116,T123	C1137610
27708057	800	808	elements	T086	C0004793
27708057	835	843	strategy	T169	C0449851
27708057	859	867	enhancer	T114,T123	C0014290
27708057	870	878	promoter	T114,T123	C2350877
27708057	879	891	connectivity	T169	C0205245
27708057	898	905	CRISPRi	T059	C0200924
27708057	913	921	approach	T169	C1292724
27708057	940	947	dissect	T169	C0205239
27708057	948	972	transcriptional networks	T044	C1720950
27708057	977	986	interpret	T169	C1285553
27708057	991	1004	contributions	T052	C1880177
27708057	1008	1035	noncoding genetic variation	T070	C0042333
27708057	1039	1044	human	T016	C0086418
27708057	1045	1052	disease	T047	C0012634

27708411|t|DNA annealing by Redβ is insufficient for homologous recombination and the additional requirements involve intra- and inter-molecular interactions
27708411|a|Single strand annealing proteins (SSAPs) like Redβ initiate homologous recombination by annealing complementary DNA strands. We show that C-terminally truncated Redβ, whilst still able to promote annealing and nucleoprotein filament formation, is unable to mediate homologous recombination. Mutations of the C-terminal domain were evaluated using both single - and double stranded (ss and ds) substrates in recombination assays. Mutations of critical amino acids affected either dsDNA recombination or both ssDNA and dsDNA recombination indicating two separable functions, one of which is critical for dsDNA recombination and the second for recombination per se. As evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, the dsDNA recombination function relates to the Redα - Redβ protein-protein interaction, which requires not only contacts in the C-terminal domain but also a region near the N-terminus. Because the nucleoprotein filament formed with C-terminally truncated Redβ has altered properties, the second C-terminal function could be due to an interaction required for functional filaments. Alternatively the second C-terminal function could indicate a requirement for a Redβ - host factor interaction. These data further advance the model for Red recombination and the proposition that Redβ and RAD52 SSAPs share ancestral and mechanistic roots.
27708411	0	13	DNA annealing	T045	C0920681
27708411	17	21	Redβ	T116,T123	C0766456
27708411	42	66	homologous recombination	T045	C0599773
27708411	107	146	intra- and inter-molecular interactions	UnknownType	C0678593
27708411	147	179	Single strand annealing proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27708411	181	186	SSAPs	T116,T123	C0033684
27708411	193	197	Redβ	T116,T123	C0766456
27708411	207	231	homologous recombination	T045	C0599773
27708411	235	270	annealing complementary DNA strands	T114	C0006556
27708411	285	307	C-terminally truncated	T044	C1514568
27708411	308	312	Redβ	T116,T123	C0766456
27708411	343	352	annealing	T045	C0920681
27708411	357	389	nucleoprotein filament formation	T045	C1158503
27708411	412	436	homologous recombination	T045	C0599773
27708411	438	447	Mutations	T045	C0026882
27708411	455	472	C-terminal domain	T087	C1514562
27708411	499	505	single	T114	C0012935
27708411	512	527	double stranded	T114,T123	C0311474
27708411	529	531	ss	T114	C0012935
27708411	536	538	ds	T114,T123	C0311474
27708411	554	567	recombination	T045	C0034865
27708411	568	574	assays	T059	C0005507
27708411	576	585	Mutations	T059,T063	C0012878
27708411	589	609	critical amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27708411	626	631	dsDNA	T114,T123	C0311474
27708411	632	645	recombination	T043	C1158522
27708411	654	659	ssDNA	T114	C0012935
27708411	664	683	dsDNA recombination	T043	C1158522
27708411	749	768	dsDNA recombination	T043	C1158522
27708411	788	801	recombination	T043	C1158522
27708411	826	860	co-immunoprecipitation experiments	T059	C1449705
27708411	866	894	dsDNA recombination function	T043	C1158522
27708411	910	914	Redα	T116,T123	C0033684
27708411	917	921	Redβ	T116,T123	C0766456
27708411	922	949	protein-protein interaction	T044	C0872079
27708411	991	1008	C-terminal domain	T087	C1514562
27708411	1036	1046	N-terminus	T087	C1514562
27708411	1060	1089	nucleoprotein filament formed	T045	C1158503
27708411	1095	1117	C-terminally truncated	T044	C1514568
27708411	1118	1122	Redβ	T116,T123	C0766456
27708411	1158	1177	C-terminal function	T044	C1149341
27708411	1197	1208	interaction	T045	C1511658
27708411	1222	1232	functional	T169	C0205245
27708411	1233	1242	filaments	T026	C0025979
27708411	1269	1288	C-terminal function	T044	C1149341
27708411	1324	1328	Redβ	T116,T123	C0766456
27708411	1331	1354	host factor interaction	T043	C1659605
27708411	1397	1414	Red recombination	T045	C0599773
27708411	1440	1444	Redβ	T116,T123	C0766456
27708411	1449	1454	RAD52	T116,T123	C0663124
27708411	1455	1460	SSAPs	T116,T123	C0033684

27708714|t|The presence of two rare genomic syndromes, 1q21 deletion and Xq28 duplication, segregating independently in a family with intellectual disability
27708714|a|1q21 microdeletion syndrome is a rare contiguous gene deletion disorder with de novo or autosomal dominant inheritance patterns and its phenotypic features include intellectual disability, distinctive facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, cardiac abnormalities, and cataracts. MECP2 duplication syndrome is an X-linked recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, global developmental delay, and other neurological complications including late-onset seizures. Previously, these two different genetic syndromes have not been reported segregating independently in a same family. Here we describe two siblings carrying either a chromosome 1q21 microdeletion or a chromosome Xq28 duplication. Using a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array, we identified a 1.24 Mb heterozygous deletion at 1q21 resulting in the loss of 9 genes in a girl with learning disability, hypothyroidism, short stature, sensory integration disorder, and soft dysmorphic features including cupped ears and a unilateral ear pit. We also characterized a 508 kb Xq28 duplication encompassing MECP2 in her younger brother with hypotonia, poor speech, cognitive and motor impairment. The parental CGH and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses revealed that the 1q21 deletion in the elder sister is de novo, but the Xq28 duplication in the younger brother was originally inherited from the maternal grandmother through the mother, both of whom are asymptomatic carriers. RT-qPCR assays revealed that the affected brother has almost double the amount of MECP2 mRNA expression compared to other family members of both genders including maternal grandmother and mother who have the same Xq28 duplication with no phenotype. This suggests the X chromosome with an Xq28 duplication in the carrier females is preferentially silenced. From our understanding, this would be the first report showing the independent segregation of two genetically unrelated syndromes, 1q21 microdeletion and Xq28 duplication, in a same family, especially in siblings. Although these two chromosomal abnormalities share some similar phenotypes such as intellectual disability, mild dysmorphic features, and cardiac abnormalities, the presence of two unrelated and rare syndromes in siblings is very unusual. Therefore, further comprehensive investigations in similar cases are required for future studies.
27708714	25	42	genomic syndromes	T047	C0019247
27708714	44	48	1q21	T028	C4267770
27708714	49	57	deletion	T047	C1954751
27708714	62	78	Xq28 duplication	T047	C2749007
27708714	111	117	family	T099	C0015576
27708714	123	146	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
27708714	147	151	1q21	T028	C4267770
27708714	152	174	microdeletion syndrome	T047	C1954751
27708714	196	218	gene deletion disorder	T049	C1442161
27708714	224	231	de novo	T078	C1515568
27708714	235	265	autosomal dominant inheritance	T045	C0443147
27708714	283	293	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27708714	311	334	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
27708714	348	366	facial dysmorphism	T019	C0266617
27708714	368	380	microcephaly	T019	C0025958
27708714	382	403	cardiac abnormalities	T019	C0018798
27708714	409	418	cataracts	T020	C0086543
27708714	420	446	MECP2 duplication syndrome	T048	C1846058
27708714	453	461	X-linked	T047	C1138434
27708714	472	499	neurodevelopmental disorder	T048	C1535926
27708714	517	540	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
27708714	542	568	global developmental delay	T048	C0557874
27708714	580	606	neurological complications	T046	C0235029
27708714	628	636	seizures	T184	C0036572
27708714	670	687	genetic syndromes	T047	C0567439
27708714	747	753	family	T099	C0015576
27708714	776	784	siblings	T099	C0037047
27708714	803	818	chromosome 1q21	T028	C4267770
27708714	819	832	microdeletion	T047	C1954751
27708714	838	865	chromosome Xq28 duplication	T047	C2749007
27708714	875	908	comparative genomic hybridization	T063	C0796358
27708714	910	913	CGH	T063	C0796358
27708714	971	975	1q21	T028	C4267770
27708714	1003	1008	genes	T028	C0017337
27708714	1014	1018	girl	T100	C0870604
27708714	1024	1043	learning disability	T048	C0751265
27708714	1045	1059	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
27708714	1061	1074	short stature	T033	C0349588
27708714	1076	1104	sensory integration disorder	T047	C1960557
27708714	1110	1134	soft dysmorphic features	T033	C4272951
27708714	1145	1156	cupped ears	T033	C1845447
27708714	1163	1181	unilateral ear pit	T033	C4316005
27708714	1214	1230	Xq28 duplication	T047	C2749007
27708714	1244	1249	MECP2	T028	C1417098
27708714	1257	1272	younger brother	T099	C0337538
27708714	1278	1287	hypotonia	T033	C0026827
27708714	1289	1300	poor speech	T033	C1848207
27708714	1302	1311	cognitive	T048	C0338656
27708714	1316	1332	motor impairment	T033	C0556280
27708714	1347	1350	CGH	T063	C0796358
27708714	1355	1371	quantitative PCR	T059	C2733022
27708714	1373	1377	qPCR	T059	C2733022
27708714	1406	1410	1q21	T028	C4267770
27708714	1411	1419	deletion	T047	C1954751
27708714	1433	1439	sister	T099	C0337514
27708714	1443	1450	de novo	T078	C1515568
27708714	1460	1476	Xq28 duplication	T047	C2749007
27708714	1484	1499	younger brother	T099	C0337538
27708714	1515	1524	inherited	T169	C0439660
27708714	1534	1554	maternal grandmother	T099	C1273525
27708714	1567	1573	mother	T099	C0026591
27708714	1592	1613	asymptomatic carriers	T101	C0948450
27708714	1615	1629	RT-qPCR assays	T063	C1514628
27708714	1657	1664	brother	T099	C0337527
27708714	1697	1702	MECP2	T028	C1417098
27708714	1703	1718	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27708714	1737	1751	family members	T099	C0086282
27708714	1760	1767	genders	T032	C0079399
27708714	1778	1798	maternal grandmother	T099	C1273525
27708714	1803	1809	mother	T099	C0026591
27708714	1828	1844	Xq28 duplication	T047	C2749007
27708714	1882	1894	X chromosome	T026	C0043292
27708714	1903	1919	Xq28 duplication	T047	C2749007
27708714	1927	1934	carrier	T033	C0007294
27708714	1935	1942	females	T032	C0086287
27708714	1961	1969	silenced	T045	C0598496
27708714	2069	2080	genetically	T169	C0314603
27708714	2081	2090	unrelated	T033	C0445356
27708714	2091	2100	syndromes	T047	C0019247
27708714	2102	2106	1q21	T028	C4267770
27708714	2107	2120	microdeletion	T047	C1954751
27708714	2125	2141	Xq28 duplication	T047	C2749007
27708714	2153	2159	family	T099	C0015576
27708714	2175	2183	siblings	T099	C0037047
27708714	2204	2229	chromosomal abnormalities	T049	C0008625
27708714	2249	2259	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27708714	2268	2291	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
27708714	2293	2317	mild dysmorphic features	T033	C2749190
27708714	2323	2344	cardiac abnormalities	T019	C0018798
27708714	2385	2394	syndromes	T047	C0019247
27708714	2398	2406	siblings	T099	C0037047
27708714	2443	2471	comprehensive investigations	T058	C0009586

27708774|t|Effects of chronic heat stress on granulosa cell apoptosis and follicular atresia in mouse ovary
27708774|a|Heat stress is known to alter follicular dynamics and granulosa cell function and may contribute to the diminished reproductive efficiency commonly observed in mammals during the summer. Although several investigators have studied heat-induced ovarian injury, few reports have focused on the effects of chronic heat stress on ovarian function and the molecular mechanisms through which it induces ovarian injury. In Exp. 1, 48 female mice were assigned to a control or heat-stressed treatment. After exposure to a constant temperature of 25 °C for 7, 14, 21 or 28 d (n = 6) or to 42 °C for 3 h per d for 7, 14, 21 or 28 d (n = 6), the mice were euthanized and their ovaries were analyzed for follicular atresia, granulosa cell apoptosis, changes in the abundance of HSP70 protein and serum concentrations of estradiol. In Exp. 2, the expression of HSP70 and aromatase was quantified in antral follicles cultured in vitro at 37 or 42 °C for 24 h. In Exp. 3, granulosa cells from ovaries maintained at 37 or 41 °C for 2 h were analyzed for their expression of HSP70, Bim, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3. In Exp. 1, body weight and food intake of heat-stressed mice decreased (P < 0.05) compared with control mice while the concentration of estradiol in serum was lower (P < 0.05) in heat-stressed mice than in control mice. Compared with control mice, the percentage of atretic follicles and the number of antral follicles with severe apoptotic signals were increased (P < 0.05) after 21 d of heat-stressed treatment. HSP70 protein was more abundant (P < 0.05) in heat-stressed mice than control mice. In Exp. 2, heat stress increased HSP70 and decreased aromatase proteins (P < 0.05) in antral follicles. In Exp. 3, TUNEL -positive granulosa cells from heat-stressed ovaries were observed concomitant with a significant increase in HSP70, Bim and cleaved caspase-3 protein. Heat-stress in mice decrease estradiol in serum and aromatase in antral follicles but increased number of atretic follicles and granulosa cell undergoing apoptosis which may explain the decreased fertility commonly observed in heat-stressed animals.
27708774	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27708774	11	18	chronic	T079	C0205191
27708774	19	30	heat stress	T037	C0282507
27708774	34	48	granulosa cell	T025	C0018207
27708774	49	58	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27708774	63	81	follicular atresia	T042	C0016426
27708774	85	96	mouse ovary	T024	C1518753
27708774	97	108	Heat stress	T037	C0282507
27708774	127	137	follicular	T023	C1571705
27708774	138	146	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27708774	151	165	granulosa cell	T025	C0018207
27708774	161	174	cell function	T043	C0007613
27708774	201	211	diminished	T081	C0205216
27708774	212	235	reproductive efficiency	T039	C0232896
27708774	245	253	observed	T169	C1441672
27708774	257	264	mammals	T015	C0024660
27708774	276	282	summer	T079	C0241301
27708774	328	340	heat-induced	T033	C1855581
27708774	341	355	ovarian injury	T037	C2839041
27708774	389	399	effects of	T080	C1704420
27708774	400	407	chronic	T079	C0205191
27708774	408	419	heat stress	T037	C0282507
27708774	423	439	ovarian function	T042	C0678879
27708774	448	468	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1258062
27708774	486	493	induces	T169	C0205263
27708774	494	508	ovarian injury	T037	C2839041
27708774	531	535	mice	T015	C0025929
27708774	541	549	assigned	T169	C1516050
27708774	566	579	heat-stressed	T037	C0282507
27708774	580	589	treatment	T169	C1522326
27708774	597	608	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27708774	620	631	temperature	T081	C0039476
27708774	732	736	mice	T015	C0025929
27708774	763	770	ovaries	T023	C0029939
27708774	776	784	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27708774	789	807	follicular atresia	T042	C0016426
27708774	809	823	granulosa cell	T025	C0018207
27708774	824	833	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27708774	835	845	changes in	T169	C0392747
27708774	850	859	abundance	T080	C2346714
27708774	863	876	HSP70 protein	T116,T123	C0243043
27708774	881	901	serum concentrations	T081	C0683149
27708774	905	914	estradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27708774	931	941	expression	T045	C1171362
27708774	945	950	HSP70	T116,T123	C0243043
27708774	955	964	aromatase	T116,T126	C0003805
27708774	983	999	antral follicles	T023	C0600225
27708774	1009	1017	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27708774	1054	1069	granulosa cells	T025	C0018207
27708774	1075	1082	ovaries	T023	C0029939
27708774	1083	1093	maintained	T169	C1314677
27708774	1122	1130	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27708774	1141	1151	expression	T045	C1171362
27708774	1155	1160	HSP70	T116,T123	C0243043
27708774	1162	1165	Bim	T116,T123	C4307945
27708774	1167	1176	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27708774	1181	1188	cleaved	T082	C0205242
27708774	1189	1198	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27708774	1211	1222	body weight	T032	C0005910
27708774	1227	1238	food intake	T040	C0013470
27708774	1242	1255	heat-stressed	T037	C0282507
27708774	1256	1260	mice	T015	C0025929
27708774	1304	1308	mice	T015	C0025929
27708774	1319	1345	concentration of estradiol	T059	C0337434
27708774	1349	1354	serum	T031	C0229671
27708774	1379	1392	heat-stressed	T037	C0282507
27708774	1393	1397	mice	T015	C0025929
27708774	1414	1418	mice	T015	C0025929
27708774	1442	1446	mice	T015	C0025929
27708774	1466	1483	atretic follicles	T023	C1135971
27708774	1502	1518	antral follicles	T023	C0600225
27708774	1524	1530	severe	T080	C0205082
27708774	1531	1548	apoptotic signals	T043	C1622858
27708774	1589	1602	heat-stressed	T037	C0282507
27708774	1603	1612	treatment	T169	C1522326
27708774	1614	1627	HSP70 protein	T116,T123	C0243043
27708774	1637	1645	abundant	T080	C2346714
27708774	1660	1673	heat-stressed	T037	C0282507
27708774	1674	1678	mice	T015	C0025929
27708774	1692	1696	mice	T015	C0025929
27708774	1709	1720	heat stress	T037	C0282507
27708774	1731	1736	HSP70	T116,T123	C0243043
27708774	1741	1750	decreased	T081	C0547047
27708774	1741	1750	decreased	T081	C0547047
27708774	1751	1769	aromatase proteins	T116,T126	C0003805
27708774	1784	1800	antral follicles	T023	C0600225
27708774	1813	1818	TUNEL	T063	C0600528
27708774	1829	1844	granulosa cells	T025	C0018207
27708774	1850	1863	heat-stressed	T037	C0282507
27708774	1864	1871	ovaries	T023	C0029939
27708774	1877	1885	observed	T169	C1441672
27708774	1886	1897	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27708774	1905	1916	significant	T078	C0750502
27708774	1929	1934	HSP70	T116,T123	C0243043
27708774	1936	1939	Bim	T116,T123	C4307945
27708774	1944	1951	cleaved	T082	C0205242
27708774	1952	1969	caspase-3 protein	T116,T126	C0291573
27708774	1971	1982	Heat-stress	T037	C0282507
27708774	1986	1990	mice	T015	C0025929
27708774	1991	1999	decrease	T081	C0547047
27708774	2000	2009	estradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
27708774	2013	2018	serum	T031	C0229671
27708774	2023	2032	aromatase	T116,T126	C0003805
27708774	2036	2052	antral follicles	T023	C1135971
27708774	2036	2052	antral follicles	T023	C0600225
27708774	2077	2094	atretic follicles	T023	C1135971
27708774	2099	2113	granulosa cell	T025	C0018207
27708774	2125	2134	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27708774	2157	2176	decreased fertility	T033	C0520927
27708774	2186	2194	observed	T169	C1441672
27708774	2198	2211	heat-stressed	T037	C0282507
27708774	2212	2219	animals	T008	C0003062

27708808|t|Managing perturbations during handover meetings: a joint activity framework
27708808|a|To document the prevalence of perturbations of handover meetings and understand how nurses manage temporal, physical and social meeting boundaries in response to perturbations. Handovers are joint activities performed collaboratively by participating nurses. Perturbations of handover are frequent and may potentially threaten continuity of care. We observed and videotaped handovers during five successive days in four nursing care units in two Swiss hospitals in 2009. Videorecordings were transcribed. All perturbations during the handovers were noted. We performed content analysis of the sources of perturbations from the notes and interactional micro-analyses of handover interactions based on video and transcripts. Nurses are the most frequent sources of perturbations during handovers. Perturbations are collaboratively managed. A tacit division of labour is enacted via multimodal communication strategies, whereby perturbations are dealt with using both linguistic and bodily signals.
27708808	9	22	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27708808	30	47	handover meetings	T058	C3494292
27708808	92	102	prevalence	T081	C0033106
27708808	106	119	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27708808	123	140	handover meetings	T058	C3494292
27708808	160	166	nurses	T097	C0028661
27708808	167	173	manage	T058	C0184516
27708808	174	182	temporal	T079	C2362314
27708808	184	192	physical	T169	C0205485
27708808	197	203	social	T169	C0728831
27708808	204	211	meeting	T052	C0556656
27708808	238	251	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27708808	253	262	Handovers	T058	C3494292
27708808	267	283	joint activities	T052	C0441655
27708808	294	309	collaboratively	T054	C0282116
27708808	313	326	participating	T169	C0679823
27708808	327	333	nurses	T097	C0028661
27708808	335	348	Perturbations	T169	C0332453
27708808	352	360	handover	T058	C3494292
27708808	365	373	frequent	T079	C0332183
27708808	382	393	potentially	T080	C3245505
27708808	394	402	threaten	T033	C2826244
27708808	403	421	continuity of care	T058	C0009853
27708808	426	434	observed	T169	C1441672
27708808	439	449	videotaped	T073	C0042654
27708808	450	459	handovers	T058	C3494292
27708808	472	482	successive	T080	C1707491
27708808	483	487	days	T079	C0439228
27708808	496	514	nursing care units	T073,T093	C0019988
27708808	522	527	Swiss	T083	C0039021
27708808	528	537	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27708808	547	562	Videorecordings	T073	C0042654
27708808	568	579	transcribed	T170	C3273171
27708808	585	598	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27708808	610	619	handovers	T058	C3494292
27708808	635	644	performed	T169	C0884358
27708808	645	661	content analysis	T062	C0681915
27708808	669	676	sources	T033	C0449416
27708808	680	693	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27708808	713	741	interactional micro-analyses	T062	C0936012
27708808	745	766	handover interactions	T169	C1704675
27708808	776	781	video	T073	C0042650
27708808	786	797	transcripts	T170	C1301746
27708808	799	805	Nurses	T097	C0028661
27708808	819	827	frequent	T079	C0332183
27708808	828	835	sources	T033	C0449416
27708808	839	852	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27708808	860	869	handovers	T058	C3494292
27708808	871	884	Perturbations	T169	C0332453
27708808	889	904	collaboratively	T054	C0282116
27708808	905	912	managed	T058	C0184516
27708808	922	940	division of labour	T078	C0870436
27708808	967	980	communication	T054	C0009452
27708808	981	991	strategies	T041	C0679199
27708808	1001	1014	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27708808	1041	1051	linguistic	T090	C0023741
27708808	1056	1070	bodily signals	T052	C3266814

27709647|t|Multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex infection outbreak in dogs and cats in a veterinary hospital
27709647|a|Members of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex cause severe outbreaks in humans, and are increasingly reported in animals. A retrospective study, describing a severe outbreak in dogs and cats caused by a multidrug resistant member of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex in a veterinary hospital, between July 2010 and November 2012. The study included 19 dogs and 4 cats. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex bacteria were isolated from urine (9 animals), respiratory tract (11), tissues (3) and blood (1). The most common infection - associated findings included fever, purulent discharge from endotracheal tubes, hypotension, and neutropaenia. Infection s led to pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis and sepsis. Infection was transmitted in the intensive care unit, where 22 of 23 animals were initially hospitalised. The mortality rate was 70% (16 of 23 animals), and was higher in cases of respiratory infection compared to other infections. Aggressive environmental cleaning and disinfection, with staff education for personal hygiene and antisepsis, sharply decreased the infection incidence. Health care - associated outbreaks with multidrug resistant Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex in dogs and cats are potentially highly fatal and difficult to eradicate, warranting monitoring, antiseptic techniques and judicious antibiotic use.
27709647	0	20	Multi-drug-resistant	T032	C0242640
27709647	21	80	Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex	T007	C2828037
27709647	81	90	infection	T046	C3714514
27709647	91	99	outbreak	T067	C0012652
27709647	103	107	dogs	T015	C0012984
27709647	112	116	cats	T015	C0007450
27709647	122	141	veterinary hospital	T073,T093	C0019996
27709647	157	216	Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex	T007	C2828037
27709647	223	229	severe	T080	C0205082
27709647	230	239	outbreaks	T067	C0012652
27709647	243	249	humans	T016	C0086418
27709647	259	271	increasingly	T169	C0442805
27709647	272	280	reported	T058	C0700287
27709647	284	291	animals	T008	C0003062
27709647	295	314	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27709647	329	335	severe	T080	C0205082
27709647	336	344	outbreak	T067	C0012652
27709647	348	352	dogs	T015	C0012984
27709647	357	361	cats	T015	C0007450
27709647	374	400	multidrug resistant member	T007	C4076168
27709647	408	467	Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex	T007	C2828037
27709647	473	492	veterinary hospital	T073,T093	C0019996
27709647	535	540	study	T062	C2603343
27709647	541	549	included	T169	C0332257
27709647	553	557	dogs	T015	C0012984
27709647	564	568	cats	T015	C0007450
27709647	570	638	Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex bacteria	T007	C2828037
27709647	644	652	isolated	T169	C0205409
27709647	658	663	urine	T031	C0042036
27709647	667	674	animals	T008	C0003062
27709647	677	694	respiratory tract	T022	C0035237
27709647	701	708	tissues	T024	C0040300
27709647	717	722	blood	T031	C0005767
27709647	732	736	most	T081	C0205393
27709647	737	743	common	T081	C0205214
27709647	744	753	infection	T046	C3714514
27709647	756	775	associated findings	T033	C0449380
27709647	776	784	included	T169	C0332257
27709647	785	790	fever	T184	C0015967
27709647	792	810	purulent discharge	T184	C0333274
27709647	816	834	endotracheal tubes	T074	C0336630
27709647	836	847	hypotension	T033	C0020649
27709647	853	865	neutropaenia	T047	C0221023
27709647	867	876	Infection	T046	C3714514
27709647	886	895	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27709647	897	920	urinary tract infection	T047	C0042029
27709647	922	932	cellulitis	T046	C0007642
27709647	937	943	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27709647	945	954	Infection	T046	C3714514
27709647	959	970	transmitted	T046	C0242781
27709647	978	997	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27709647	1014	1021	animals	T008	C0003062
27709647	1027	1036	initially	T079	C0205265
27709647	1037	1049	hospitalised	T058	C0184666
27709647	1055	1069	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27709647	1088	1095	animals	T008	C0003062
27709647	1106	1112	higher	T080	C0205250
27709647	1125	1146	respiratory infection	T047	C0035243
27709647	1147	1155	compared	T052	C1707455
27709647	1165	1175	infections	T046	C3714514
27709647	1188	1201	environmental	T082	C0014406
27709647	1202	1210	cleaning	T052	C1947930
27709647	1215	1227	disinfection	T061	C0012683
27709647	1234	1249	staff education	T065	C0588974
27709647	1254	1270	personal hygiene	T056	C0564673
27709647	1275	1285	antisepsis	T061	C0003424
27709647	1295	1304	decreased	T081	C0205216
27709647	1309	1318	infection	T046	C3714514
27709647	1319	1328	incidence	T081	C0021149
27709647	1330	1341	Health care	T078	C0018684
27709647	1344	1354	associated	T080	C0332281
27709647	1355	1364	outbreaks	T067	C0012652
27709647	1370	1389	multidrug resistant	T032	C0242640
27709647	1390	1449	Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex	T007	C2828037
27709647	1453	1457	dogs	T015	C0012984
27709647	1462	1466	cats	T015	C0007450
27709647	1483	1489	highly	T080	C0205250
27709647	1490	1495	fatal	T080	C1302234
27709647	1500	1509	difficult	T080	C0332218
27709647	1513	1522	eradicate	T061	C2728502
27709647	1535	1545	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27709647	1547	1557	antiseptic	T121	C3536839
27709647	1558	1568	techniques	T169	C0449851
27709647	1583	1593	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27709647	1594	1597	use	T169	C0457083

27709987|t|PDTRT special section: Current trends in borderline personality disorder research
27709987|a|One of the enjoyable benefits of being an editor of a journal is the ability to develop special sections. It is evident simply from a perusal of a typical issue of Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment (PDTRT) that a common focus of research is borderline personality disorder (BPD). BPD is among, if not the, most heavily researched personality disorder. It is only natural to have the first special section within my tenure as editor concern this personality disorder. Provided within this special section are review papers of current trends in BPD research by young (at least compared to me), leading, and innovative BPD researchers. (PsycINFO Database Record
27709987	6	21	special section	T170	C1551341
27709987	23	30	Current	T079	C0521116
27709987	31	37	trends	T079	C1521798
27709987	41	72	borderline personality disorder	T048	C0006012
27709987	73	81	research	T062	C0035168
27709987	124	130	editor	T090	C1707883
27709987	136	143	journal	T073,T170	C0162443
27709987	170	186	special sections	T170	C1551341
27709987	237	242	issue	T033	C0033213
27709987	246	267	Personality Disorders	T048	C0031212
27709987	269	275	Theory	T078	C0871935
27709987	277	285	Research	T062	C0035168
27709987	291	300	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27709987	332	340	research	T062	C0035168
27709987	344	375	borderline personality disorder	T048	C0006012
27709987	377	380	BPD	T048	C0006012
27709987	383	386	BPD	T048	C0006012
27709987	422	432	researched	T062	C0035168
27709987	433	453	personality disorder	T048	C0031212
27709987	492	507	special section	T170	C1551341
27709987	528	534	editor	T090	C1707883
27709987	535	542	concern	T078	C2699424
27709987	548	568	personality disorder	T048	C0031212
27709987	591	606	special section	T170	C1551341
27709987	611	624	review papers	T170	C0282443
27709987	628	635	current	T079	C0521116
27709987	636	642	trends	T079	C1521798
27709987	646	649	BPD	T048	C0006012
27709987	650	658	research	T062	C0035168
27709987	662	667	young	T079	C0332239
27709987	695	702	leading	T169	C1522538
27709987	719	722	BPD	T048	C0006012
27709987	723	734	researchers	T097	C0035173

27710899|t|Proliferation -enhancing effects of gastrodin on RSC96 Schwann cells by regulating ERK1 / 2 and PI3K signaling pathways
27710899|a|The proliferation and migration of Schwann cells (SCs) are essential in the process of peripheral nerve repair. A large amount of studies focused on the promotion of the growth of SCs for cell based therapy. Gastrodin (GAS), the main constituent of a Chinese traditional herbal medicine named Gastrodia elata Blume, has been reported to be associated with neuroprotective properties. Besides, GAS activated MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways which are often involved in growth of nerve cells were also reported. Based on the hypothesis that GAS may have an effect on SCs growth, we studied the effect of GAS on rat RSC96 Schwann cells (SCs) and further explored the underlying mechanism. Various concentration of GAS (0μM, 50μM, 100μM, and 200μM) was used for treatment of RSC96 SCs, with the cell proliferation and gene expression of several neurotrophic factors to be detected. Regulation of MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways were assayed by detecting phosphorylation of ERK1 / 2 and Akt. The results showed that GAS could effectively promote proliferation of RSC96 SCs in a dose - and time -dependent manner. The best performance was obtained at the concentration of 200μM. Exploration of the underlying mechanism showed that GAS probably affects SCs metabolism through inhibiting ERK1 / 2 phosphorylation and activating Akt phosphorylation in RSC96 SCs. This study may provide reference for its application in treatment of peripheral nerve injuries.
27710899	0	13	Proliferation	T043	C0596290
27710899	25	35	effects of	T080	C1704420
27710899	36	45	gastrodin	T109	C0061139
27710899	49	68	RSC96 Schwann cells	T025	C0036387
27710899	72	82	regulating	T038	C1327622
27710899	83	87	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
27710899	90	91	2	T116,T126	C0170168
27710899	96	100	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
27710899	101	119	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27710899	124	137	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27710899	142	151	migration	T043	C1622501
27710899	155	168	Schwann cells	T025	C0036387
27710899	170	173	SCs	T025	C0036387
27710899	196	203	process	T067	C1522240
27710899	207	230	peripheral nerve repair	T061	C0196777
27710899	273	282	promotion	T052	C0033414
27710899	290	296	growth	T043	C0007595
27710899	300	303	SCs	T025	C0036387
27710899	308	326	cell based therapy	T061	C3658313
27710899	328	337	Gastrodin	T109	C0061139
27710899	339	342	GAS	T109	C0061139
27710899	371	390	Chinese traditional	T091	C0025124
27710899	391	406	herbal medicine	T121	C2240391
27710899	413	434	Gastrodia elata Blume	T002	C1040858
27710899	445	453	reported	T058	C0700287
27710899	460	475	associated with	T080	C0332281
27710899	476	502	neuroprotective properties	T043	C0598958
27710899	513	516	GAS	T109	C0061139
27710899	517	526	activated	T052	C1879547
27710899	527	531	MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
27710899	536	540	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
27710899	541	559	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27710899	588	594	growth	T043	C0007595
27710899	598	609	nerve cells	T025	C0027882
27710899	620	628	reported	T058	C0700287
27710899	643	653	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27710899	659	662	GAS	T109	C0061139
27710899	685	688	SCs	T025	C0036387
27710899	689	695	growth	T043	C0007595
27710899	712	721	effect of	T080	C1704420
27710899	722	725	GAS	T109	C0061139
27710899	729	732	rat	T015	C0034693
27710899	733	752	RSC96 Schwann cells	T025	C0036387
27710899	754	757	SCs	T025	C0036387
27710899	795	804	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27710899	814	827	concentration	T081	C1446561
27710899	831	834	GAS	T109	C0061139
27710899	878	887	treatment	T061	C0087111
27710899	891	900	RSC96 SCs	T025	C0036387
27710899	911	929	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27710899	934	949	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27710899	961	981	neurotrophic factors	T116,T123	C0027754
27710899	998	1011	Regulation of	T038	C1327622
27710899	1012	1016	MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
27710899	1021	1025	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
27710899	1026	1044	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27710899	1071	1086	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27710899	1090	1094	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
27710899	1097	1098	2	T116,T126	C0170168
27710899	1103	1106	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
27710899	1132	1135	GAS	T109	C0061139
27710899	1154	1161	promote	T052	C0033414
27710899	1162	1175	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27710899	1179	1188	RSC96 SCs	T025	C0036387
27710899	1194	1198	dose	T081	C0178602
27710899	1205	1209	time	T079	C0040223
27710899	1270	1283	concentration	T081	C1446561
27710899	1294	1305	Exploration	T061	C1280903
27710899	1324	1333	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27710899	1346	1349	GAS	T109	C0061139
27710899	1367	1370	SCs	T025	C0036387
27710899	1371	1381	metabolism	T043	C1524026
27710899	1390	1400	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27710899	1401	1405	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
27710899	1408	1409	2	T116,T126	C0170168
27710899	1410	1425	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27710899	1430	1440	activating	T052	C1879547
27710899	1441	1444	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
27710899	1445	1460	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27710899	1464	1473	RSC96 SCs	T025	C0036387
27710899	1531	1540	treatment	T061	C0087111
27710899	1544	1569	peripheral nerve injuries	T037	C0262593

27710934|t|Manipulation of an existing crystal form unexpectedly results in interwoven packing networks with pseudo-translational symmetry
27710934|a|Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are multimodular enzymes that synthesize a myriad of diverse molecules. Tailoring domains have been co-opted into NRPSs to introduce further variety into nonribosomal peptide products. Linear gramicidin synthetase contains a unique formylation - tailoring domain in its initiation module (F-A - PCP). The structure of the F-A di-domain has previously been determined in a crystal form which had large solvent channels and no density for the minor Asub subdomain. An attempt was made to take advantage of this packing by removing the Asub subdomain from the construct (F-A Δ sub) in order to produce a crystal that could accommodate the PCP domain. In the resulting crystal the original packing network was still present, but a second network with the same packing and almost no contact with the original network took the place of the solvent channels and changed the space group of the crystal.
27710934	28	40	crystal form	T104	C0444626
27710934	41	61	unexpectedly results	T033	C0243095
27710934	65	92	interwoven packing networks	T116	C1510464
27710934	98	127	pseudo-translational symmetry	T082	C1254362
27710934	128	160	Nonribosomal peptide synthetases	T116,T126	C0535847
27710934	162	167	NRPSs	T116,T126	C0535847
27710934	173	193	multimodular enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27710934	199	209	synthesize	T052	C1883254
27710934	212	218	myriad	T081	C0439064
27710934	222	239	diverse molecules	T167	C0567416
27710934	241	258	Tailoring domains	T087	C1514562
27710934	283	288	NRPSs	T116,T126	C0535847
27710934	323	352	nonribosomal peptide products	T116	C0030956
27710934	354	382	Linear gramicidin synthetase	T116,T195	C0018160
27710934	383	391	contains	T052	C2700400
27710934	401	412	formylation	T044	C1159286
27710934	415	431	tailoring domain	T087	C1514562
27710934	439	456	initiation module	T077	C1709061
27710934	458	461	F-A	T044	C1159286
27710934	464	467	PCP	T087	C1514562
27710934	491	494	F-A	T044	C1159286
27710934	495	504	di-domain	T087	C1514562
27710934	541	553	crystal form	T104	C0444626
27710934	570	577	solvent	T130	C0037638
27710934	578	586	channels	T082	C0439799
27710934	591	601	no density	T081	C0178587
27710934	616	630	Asub subdomain	T087	C1514562
27710934	678	685	packing	T052	C2828395
27710934	689	697	removing	T052	C1883720
27710934	702	716	Asub subdomain	T087	C1514562
27710934	737	740	F-A	T044	C1159286
27710934	743	746	sub	T087	C1514562
27710934	770	777	crystal	T104	C0444626
27710934	805	815	PCP domain	T087	C1514562
27710934	834	841	crystal	T104	C0444626
27710934	846	870	original packing network	T116	C1510464
27710934	896	910	second network	T116	C1510464
27710934	925	932	packing	T052	C2828395
27710934	964	980	original network	T116	C1510464
27710934	1003	1010	solvent	T130	C0037638
27710934	1011	1019	channels	T082	C0439799
27710934	1036	1062	space group of the crystal	T104	C0444626

27711225|t|Keratin 13 Is Enriched in Prostate Tubule-Initiating Cells and May Identify Primary Prostate Tumors that Metastasize to the Bone
27711225|a|Benign human prostate tubule-initiating cells (TIC) and aggressive prostate cancer display common traits, including tolerance of low androgen levels, resistance to apoptosis, and microenvironment interactions that drive epithelial budding and outgrowth. TIC can be distinguished from epithelial and stromal cells that comprise prostate tissue via cell sorting based upon Epcam, CD44, and CD49f antigenic profiles. Fetal prostate epithelial cells (FC) possess a similar antigenic profile to adult TIC and are capable of inducing tubule formation. To identify the TIC niche in human prostate tissue, differential keratin (KRT) expression was evaluated. Gene expression data generated from Affymetrix Gene Chip human U133 Plus 2.0 array of sorted adult and fetal epithelial cells revealed KRT13 to be significantly enriched in FC and TIC compared to basal cells (BC) and luminal cells (LC) (p<0.001). Enriched KRT13 expression was confirmed by RT-PCR and cytospin immunostaining. Immunohistochemical analysis of KRT13 expression revealed rare KRT13+ epithelia throughout prostatic ducts / acini in adult tissue specimens and differentiated tubules in 24- week recombinant grafts, In contrast, abundant KRT13 expression was observed in developing ducts / acini in fetal prostate and cord-like structures composing 8- week recombinant grafts. Immunostaining of a prostate tissue microarray revealed KRT13+ tumor foci in approximately 9% of cases, and this subset displayed significantly shorter time to recurrence (p = 0.031), metastases (p = 0.032), and decreased overall survival (p = 0.004). Diagnostic prostate needle biopsies (PNBX) from untreated patients with concurrent bone metastases (clinical stage M1) displayed KRT13+ tumor foci, as did bone metastatic foci. The expression profile of KRT13 in benign fetal and adult prostate tissue and in recombinant grafts, as well as the frequency of KRT13 expression in primary and metastatic prostate cancer indicates that it may be a marker of a stem/progenitor-like cell state that is co-opted in aggressive tumor cells. KRT13 is enriched in benign stem-like cells that display androgen - resistance, apoptosis - resistance, and branching morphogenesis properties. Collectively our data demonstrate that KRT13 expression is associated with poor prognosis at multiple stages of disease progression and may represent an important biomarker of adverse outcome in patients with prostate cancer.
27711225	0	10	Keratin 13	T116,T123	C0010804
27711225	26	34	Prostate	T023	C0033572
27711225	35	58	Tubule-Initiating Cells	T025	C0007634
27711225	67	75	Identify	T080	C0205396
27711225	76	99	Primary Prostate Tumors	T191	C0033578
27711225	105	116	Metastasize	T191	C0027627
27711225	124	128	Bone	T023	C0262950
27711225	136	141	human	T016	C0086418
27711225	142	150	prostate	T023	C0033572
27711225	151	174	tubule-initiating cells	T025	C0007634
27711225	176	179	TIC	T025	C0007634
27711225	185	195	aggressive	T079	C0580822
27711225	196	211	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27711225	212	219	display	T169	C0870432
27711225	227	233	traits	T032	C0599883
27711225	245	254	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27711225	258	277	low androgen levels	T033	C3203518
27711225	279	289	resistance	T169	C4281815
27711225	293	302	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27711225	308	337	microenvironment interactions	T043	C0007613
27711225	349	367	epithelial budding	T043	C1155616
27711225	372	381	outgrowth	T043	C0007595
27711225	383	386	TIC	T025	C0007634
27711225	413	423	epithelial	T025	C0014597
27711225	428	441	stromal cells	T025	C0162597
27711225	447	455	comprise	T052	C2700400
27711225	456	471	prostate tissue	T024	C0227964
27711225	476	488	cell sorting	T059	C0007616
27711225	500	505	Epcam	T028	C0812305
27711225	507	511	CD44	T028	C1332712
27711225	517	522	CD49f	T028	C1442491
27711225	543	574	Fetal prostate epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27711225	576	578	FC	T025	C0014597
27711225	598	607	antigenic	T129	C0003320
27711225	619	624	adult	T100	C0001675
27711225	625	628	TIC	T025	C0007634
27711225	648	656	inducing	T169	C0205263
27711225	657	673	tubule formation	T033	C1718420
27711225	678	686	identify	T080	C0205396
27711225	691	694	TIC	T025	C0007634
27711225	704	709	human	T016	C0086418
27711225	710	725	prostate tissue	T024	C0227964
27711225	740	747	keratin	T116,T123	C0010804
27711225	749	752	KRT	T116,T123	C0010804
27711225	754	764	expression	T045	C1171362
27711225	769	778	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27711225	780	795	Gene expression	T045	C0017262
27711225	796	800	data	T078	C1511726
27711225	816	862	Affymetrix Gene Chip human U133 Plus 2.0 array	T063	C4284067
27711225	866	872	sorted	T052	C1947906
27711225	873	878	adult	T100	C0001675
27711225	883	888	fetal	T169	C0521457
27711225	889	905	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27711225	906	914	revealed	T080	C0443289
27711225	915	920	KRT13	T116,T123	C1673263
27711225	927	949	significantly enriched	T081	C4055637
27711225	953	955	FC	T025	C0014597
27711225	960	963	TIC	T025	C0007634
27711225	976	987	basal cells	T025	C0596155
27711225	989	991	BC	T025	C0596155
27711225	997	1010	luminal cells	T025	C0007634
27711225	1012	1014	LC	T025	C0007634
27711225	1036	1041	KRT13	T116,T123	C1673263
27711225	1042	1052	expression	T045	C1171362
27711225	1057	1069	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27711225	1070	1076	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27711225	1081	1104	cytospin immunostaining	T059	C0016318
27711225	1106	1134	Immunohistochemical analysis	T059	C1441616
27711225	1138	1143	KRT13	T116,T123	C1673263
27711225	1144	1154	expression	T045	C1171362
27711225	1155	1163	revealed	T080	C0443289
27711225	1169	1175	KRT13+	T116,T123	C1673263
27711225	1197	1212	prostatic ducts	T023	C0227965
27711225	1215	1220	acini	T023	C0229962
27711225	1224	1229	adult	T100	C0001675
27711225	1230	1246	tissue specimens	T024	C1292533
27711225	1251	1265	differentiated	T080	C0205616
27711225	1266	1273	tubules	T026	C3893601
27711225	1281	1285	week	T079	C0439230
27711225	1286	1304	recombinant grafts	T001	C1514798
27711225	1328	1333	KRT13	T116,T123	C1673263
27711225	1334	1344	expression	T045	C1171362
27711225	1349	1357	observed	T169	C1441672
27711225	1372	1377	ducts	T023	C0227965
27711225	1380	1385	acini	T023	C0229962
27711225	1389	1403	fetal prostate	T023	C0033572
27711225	1408	1428	cord-like structures	T082	C0678594
27711225	1442	1446	week	T079	C0439230
27711225	1447	1465	recombinant grafts	T001	C1514798
27711225	1467	1481	Immunostaining	T059	C1508788
27711225	1487	1495	prostate	T023	C0033572
27711225	1496	1513	tissue microarray	T075	C1519522
27711225	1514	1522	revealed	T080	C0443289
27711225	1523	1535	KRT13+ tumor	T191	C0027651
27711225	1536	1540	foci	T082	C0205234
27711225	1564	1569	cases	T169	C0868928
27711225	1580	1586	subset	T185	C1515021
27711225	1587	1596	displayed	T169	C0870432
27711225	1611	1623	shorter time	T079	C0040223
27711225	1627	1637	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27711225	1651	1661	metastases	T191	C0027627
27711225	1679	1688	decreased	T081	C0205216
27711225	1689	1705	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27711225	1719	1754	Diagnostic prostate needle biopsies	T060	C3867555
27711225	1756	1760	PNBX	T060	C3867555
27711225	1767	1776	untreated	T033	C0332155
27711225	1777	1785	patients	T101	C0030705
27711225	1791	1801	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27711225	1802	1817	bone metastases	T191	C0153690
27711225	1819	1836	clinical stage M1	T033	C0441971
27711225	1848	1854	KRT13+	T116,T123	C1673263
27711225	1855	1860	tumor	T191	C0027651
27711225	1861	1865	foci	T082	C0205234
27711225	1874	1878	bone	T023	C0262950
27711225	1879	1889	metastatic	T191	C0027627
27711225	1890	1894	foci	T082	C0205234
27711225	1900	1918	expression profile	T034	C3463810
27711225	1922	1927	KRT13	T116,T123	C1673263
27711225	1931	1943	benign fetal	T169	C0521457
27711225	1948	1953	adult	T100	C0001675
27711225	1954	1969	prostate tissue	T024	C0227964
27711225	1977	1995	recombinant grafts	T001	C1514798
27711225	2012	2021	frequency	T079	C0439603
27711225	2025	2030	KRT13	T116,T123	C1673263
27711225	2031	2041	expression	T045	C1171362
27711225	2057	2083	metastatic prostate cancer	T191	C0936223
27711225	2084	2093	indicates	T078	C3146298
27711225	2111	2117	marker	T201	C0005516
27711225	2123	2143	stem/progenitor-like	T025	C0038250
27711225	2144	2148	cell	T025	C0007634
27711225	2175	2191	aggressive tumor	T191	C2945759
27711225	2192	2197	cells	T025	C0007634
27711225	2199	2204	KRT13	T116,T123	C1673263
27711225	2220	2226	benign	T080	C0205183
27711225	2227	2236	stem-like	T025	C0038250
27711225	2237	2242	cells	T025	C0007634
27711225	2248	2255	display	T169	C0870432
27711225	2256	2264	androgen	T121,T125	C0002844
27711225	2267	2277	resistance	T169	C4281815
27711225	2279	2288	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27711225	2291	2301	resistance	T169	C4281815
27711225	2307	2330	branching morphogenesis	T040	C1622374
27711225	2331	2341	properties	T080	C0871161
27711225	2360	2364	data	T078	C1511726
27711225	2382	2387	KRT13	T116,T123	C1673263
27711225	2388	2398	expression	T045	C1171362
27711225	2402	2417	associated with	T080	C0332281
27711225	2423	2432	prognosis	T201	C3854082
27711225	2436	2451	multiple stages	T079	C1306673
27711225	2455	2474	disease progression	T046	C0242656
27711225	2483	2492	represent	T052	C1882932
27711225	2506	2515	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27711225	2538	2546	patients	T101	C0030705
27711225	2552	2567	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139

27712131|t|Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: is there a relationship between routine haematological parameters and audiogram shapes?
27712131|a|To investigate the relationship between haematological routine parameters and audiogram shapes in patients affected by sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). A retrospective study. All patients were divided into four groups according to the audiometric curve and mean values of haematological parameters (haemoglobin, white blood cell, neutrophils and lymphocytes relative count, platelet count, haematocrit, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and neutrophil-to-lymphocite ratio) of each group were statistically compared. The prognostic role of blood profile and coagulation test was also examined. A cohort of 183 SSNHL patients without comorbidities. With a 48.78% of complete hearing recovery, individuals affected by upsloping hearing loss presented a better prognosis instead of flat (18.36%), downsloping (19.23%) and anacusis (2.45%) groups (p = 0.0001). The multivariate analysis of complete blood count values revealed lower mean percentage of lymphocytes (p = 0.041) and higher platelet levels (p = 0.015) in case of downsloping hearing loss; with the exception of fibrinogen (p = 0.041), none of the main haematological parameters studied resulted associated with poorer prognosis. Our work suggested a lack of association between haematological parameters and a defined audiometric picture in SSNHL patients; furthermore, only fibrinogen seems to influence the prognosis of this disease.
27712131	0	33	Sudden sensorineural hearing loss	T047	C4275242
27712131	46	58	relationship	T080	C0439849
27712131	67	74	routine	T080	C0205547
27712131	75	89	haematological	T091	C0018943
27712131	90	100	parameters	T033	C0449381
27712131	105	114	audiogram	T060	C0018786
27712131	115	121	shapes	T082	C0332479
27712131	142	154	relationship	T080	C0439849
27712131	163	177	haematological	T091	C0018943
27712131	178	185	routine	T080	C0205547
27712131	186	196	parameters	T033	C0449381
27712131	201	210	audiogram	T060	C0018786
27712131	221	229	patients	T101	C0030705
27712131	242	275	sudden sensorineural hearing loss	T047	C4275242
27712131	277	282	SSNHL	T047	C4275242
27712131	287	306	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27712131	312	320	patients	T101	C0030705
27712131	326	333	divided	T169	C0332849
27712131	344	350	groups	T078	C0441833
27712131	368	379	audiometric	T060	C0004286
27712131	380	385	curve	T082	C0205134
27712131	390	401	mean values	T081	C0444504
27712131	405	419	haematological	T091	C0018943
27712131	420	430	parameters	T033	C0449381
27712131	432	443	haemoglobin	T059	C0518015
27712131	445	461	white blood cell	T034	C0427512
27712131	463	474	neutrophils	T059	C0200633
27712131	479	505	lymphocytes relative count	T059	C0200635
27712131	507	521	platelet count	T034	C1287267
27712131	523	534	haematocrit	T059	C0018935
27712131	536	552	prothrombin time	T059	C0033707
27712131	554	591	activated partial thromboplastin time	T059	C0030605
27712131	593	603	fibrinogen	T034	C1318051
27712131	608	638	neutrophil-to-lymphocite ratio	T059	C0022885
27712131	648	653	group	T078	C0441833
27712131	659	672	statistically	T090	C0038215
27712131	687	697	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27712131	706	719	blood profile	T059	C2022317
27712131	724	740	coagulation test	T059	C1504378
27712131	750	758	examined	T033	C0332128
27712131	762	768	cohort	T098	C0599755
27712131	776	781	SSNHL	T047	C4275242
27712131	782	790	patients	T101	C0030705
27712131	799	812	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27712131	831	839	complete	T080	C0205197
27712131	840	847	hearing	T039	C0018767
27712131	848	856	recovery	T040	C2004454
27712131	858	869	individuals	T098	C0237401
27712131	870	878	affected	T169	C0392760
27712131	882	891	upsloping	T033	C3809107
27712131	892	904	hearing loss	T033	C3887873
27712131	917	923	better	T080	C0332272
27712131	924	933	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27712131	945	949	flat	T082	C0205324
27712131	960	971	downsloping	T033	C4015051
27712131	985	993	anacusis	T033	C0011053
27712131	1002	1008	groups	T078	C0441833
27712131	1027	1048	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27712131	1052	1079	complete blood count values	T059	C0009555
27712131	1114	1125	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
27712131	1142	1164	higher platelet levels	T033	C0857460
27712131	1188	1199	downsloping	T033	C4015051
27712131	1200	1212	hearing loss	T033	C3887873
27712131	1223	1232	exception	T077	C1705847
27712131	1236	1246	fibrinogen	T034	C1318051
27712131	1277	1291	haematological	T091	C0018943
27712131	1292	1302	parameters	T033	C0449381
27712131	1343	1352	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27712131	1358	1362	work	T057	C0043227
27712131	1375	1379	lack	T080	C0332268
27712131	1403	1417	haematological	T091	C0018943
27712131	1418	1428	parameters	T033	C0449381
27712131	1443	1454	audiometric	T060	C0004286
27712131	1455	1462	picture	T170	C1704254
27712131	1466	1471	SSNHL	T047	C4275242
27712131	1472	1480	patients	T101	C0030705
27712131	1500	1510	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27712131	1520	1529	influence	T077	C4054723
27712131	1534	1543	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27712131	1552	1559	disease	T047	C0012634

27712587|t|TIPE2 Overexpression Suppresses the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
27712587|a|Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced protein 8-like 2 (TNFAIP8L2, TIPE2) is involved in the invasion and metastasis of human tumors. However, the functional role of TIPE2 in prostate cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we explored the role of TIPE2 in prostate cancer and cancer progression including the molecular mechanism that drives TIPE2 -mediated oncogenesis. Our results showed that TIPE2 was lowly expressed in human prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. In addition, restored TIPE2 obviously inhibits proliferation in prostate cancer cells. TIPE2 overexpression also suppresses the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and migration / invasion in prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, TIPE2 overexpression obviously inhibits the phosphorylation levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt in prostate cancer cells. In conclusion, for the first time we demonstrated that TIPE2 overexpression may suppress proliferation, migration, and invasion in prostate cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, TIPE2 might serve as a potential therapeutic target for human prostate cancer.
27712587	0	5	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	6	20	Overexpression	T045	C1514559
27712587	21	31	Suppresses	T169	C1260953
27712587	36	49	Proliferation	T169	C1514485
27712587	51	60	Migration	T039	C1533574
27712587	66	74	Invasion	T033	C1269955
27712587	78	93	Prostate Cancer	T191	C0376358
27712587	94	99	Cells	T025	C0334227
27712587	103	113	Inhibiting	T044	C0021469
27712587	114	140	PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway	T169	C2984369
27712587	141	197	Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced protein 8-like 2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	199	208	TNFAIP8L2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	210	215	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	236	244	invasion	T033	C1269955
27712587	249	259	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27712587	263	268	human	T016	C0086418
27712587	269	275	tumors	T191	C0027651
27712587	290	305	functional role	T077	C1705810
27712587	309	314	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	318	333	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27712587	366	371	study	T062	C2603343
27712587	389	393	role	T170	C3871154
27712587	397	402	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	406	421	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27712587	426	444	cancer progression	T046	C1947901
27712587	459	478	molecular mechanism	T044	C3537153
27712587	491	496	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	507	518	oncogenesis	T191	C0007621
27712587	524	531	results	T034	C0456984
27712587	544	549	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	554	559	lowly	T080	C0205251
27712587	560	569	expressed	T045	C1171362
27712587	573	578	human	T016	C0086418
27712587	579	594	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27712587	595	602	tissues	T024	C0040300
27712587	607	617	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27712587	641	646	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	657	665	inhibits	T044	C0021469
27712587	666	679	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27712587	683	698	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27712587	699	704	cells	T025	C0334227
27712587	706	711	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	712	726	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27712587	732	742	suppresses	T169	C1260953
27712587	747	780	epithelial-mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27712587	782	785	EMT	T043	C1523298
27712587	799	808	migration	T039	C1533574
27712587	811	819	invasion	T033	C1269955
27712587	823	838	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27712587	839	844	cells	T025	C0334227
27712587	863	868	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	869	883	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27712587	894	902	inhibits	T044	C0021469
27712587	907	922	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27712587	933	962	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase	T116,T126	C2936824
27712587	964	968	PI3K	T116,T126	C2936824
27712587	974	977	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
27712587	981	996	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27712587	997	1002	cells	T025	C0334227
27712587	1059	1064	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	1065	1079	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27712587	1084	1092	suppress	T169	C1260953
27712587	1093	1106	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27712587	1108	1117	migration	T039	C1533574
27712587	1123	1131	invasion	T033	C1269955
27712587	1135	1150	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27712587	1151	1156	cells	T025	C0334227
27712587	1160	1170	inhibiting	T044	C0021469
27712587	1175	1201	PI3K/Akt signaling pathway	T169	C2984369
27712587	1214	1219	TIPE2	T116,T123	C2975187
27712587	1237	1246	potential	T080	C3245505
27712587	1247	1258	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27712587	1259	1265	target	T104,T120	C1513403
27712587	1270	1275	human	T016	C0086418
27712587	1276	1291	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358

27713074|t|An influenza A virus (H7N9) anti-neuraminidase monoclonal antibody with prophylactic and therapeutic activity in vivo
27713074|a|Zoonotic A(H7N9) avian influenza viruses emerged in China in 2013 and continue to be a threat to human public health, having infected over 800 individuals with a mortality rate approaching 40%. Treatment options for people infected with A(H7N9) include the use of neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors. However, like other influenza viruses, A(H7N9) can become resistant to these drugs. The use of monoclonal antibodies is a rapidly developing strategy for controlling influenza virus infection. Here we generated a murine monoclonal antibody (3c10-3) directed against the NA of A(H7N9) and show that prophylactic systemic administration of 3c10-3 fully protected mice from lethal challenge with wild-type A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9). Further, post- infection treatment with a single systemic dose of 3c10-3 at either 24, 48 or 72 h post A(H7N9) challenge resulted in both dose - and time - dependent protection of up to 100% of mice, demonstrating therapeutic potential for 3c10-3. Epitope mapping revealed that 3c10-3 binds near the enzyme active site of NA, and functional characterization showed that 3c10-3 inhibits the enzyme activity of NA and restricts the cell -to- cell spread of the virus in cultured cells. Affinity analysis also revealed that 3c10-3 binds equally well to recombinant NA of wild-type A/Anhui/1/2013 and to a variant NA carrying a R289K mutation known to infer NAI resistance. These results suggest that 3c10-3 has the potential to be used as a therapeutic to treat A(H7N9) infections either as an alternative to, or in combination with, current NA antiviral inhibitors.
27713074	3	27	influenza A virus (H7N9)	T005	C3658219
27713074	28	46	anti-neuraminidase	T033	C0243095
27713074	47	66	monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
27713074	72	109	prophylactic and therapeutic activity	T061	C0199176
27713074	110	117	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27713074	118	126	Zoonotic	T047	C0043528
27713074	127	158	A(H7N9) avian influenza viruses	T005	C3658219
27713074	170	175	China	T083	C0008115
27713074	205	211	threat	T078	C0749385
27713074	215	220	human	T016	C0086418
27713074	221	234	public health	T058	C0699943
27713074	243	251	infected	T033	C0439663
27713074	261	272	individuals	T098	C0237401
27713074	280	294	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27713074	312	329	Treatment options	T061	C0683525
27713074	341	349	infected	T033	C0439663
27713074	355	362	A(H7N9)	T005	C3658219
27713074	382	411	neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors	T121	C1443650
27713074	433	450	influenza viruses	T005	C0029341
27713074	452	459	A(H7N9)	T005	C3658219
27713074	471	480	resistant	T169	C0332325
27713074	490	495	drugs	T121	C0013227
27713074	508	529	monoclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0003250
27713074	554	562	strategy	T041	C0679199
27713074	579	594	influenza virus	T005	C0029341
27713074	595	604	infection	T046	C3714514
27713074	626	632	murine	T015	C0026809
27713074	633	652	monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
27713074	654	660	3c10-3	T129	C3849272
27713074	683	685	NA	T116,T126,T129	C1545516
27713074	689	696	A(H7N9)	T005	C3658219
27713074	711	723	prophylactic	T169	C0445202
27713074	724	747	systemic administration	UnknownType	C0678812
27713074	751	757	3c10-3	T129	C3849272
27713074	806	815	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27713074	816	830	A/Anhui/1/2013	T005	C0029347
27713074	832	836	H7N9	T005	C3658219
27713074	854	863	infection	T046	C3714514
27713074	864	873	treatment	T061	C0087111
27713074	888	896	systemic	T169	C0205373
27713074	897	901	dose	T081	C0178602
27713074	905	911	3c10-3	T129	C3849272
27713074	942	949	A(H7N9)	T005	C3658219
27713074	977	981	dose	T081	C0178602
27713074	988	992	time	T079	C0040223
27713074	995	1004	dependent	T169	C3244310
27713074	1005	1015	protection	T033	C1545588
27713074	1033	1037	mice	T015	C0026809
27713074	1053	1064	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27713074	1065	1074	potential	T080	C3245505
27713074	1079	1085	3c10-3	T129	C3849272
27713074	1087	1102	Epitope mapping	T059,T063	C0242831
27713074	1117	1123	3c10-3	T129	C3849272
27713074	1124	1129	binds	T044	C1167622
27713074	1139	1145	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27713074	1146	1157	active site	T169	C0205681
27713074	1161	1163	NA	T116,T126,T129	C1545516
27713074	1169	1179	functional	T169	C0205245
27713074	1209	1215	3c10-3	T129	C3849272
27713074	1229	1244	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
27713074	1248	1250	NA	T116,T126,T129	C1545516
27713074	1284	1290	spread	T080	C0332261
27713074	1298	1303	virus	T005	C0042776
27713074	1307	1321	cultured cells	T025	C0007635
27713074	1323	1331	Affinity	T070	C1510827
27713074	1332	1340	analysis	T062	C0936012
27713074	1360	1366	3c10-3	T129	C3849272
27713074	1367	1372	binds	T044	C1167622
27713074	1389	1400	recombinant	T116	C0034861
27713074	1401	1403	NA	T116,T126,T129	C1545516
27713074	1407	1416	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27713074	1417	1431	A/Anhui/1/2013	T005	C0029347
27713074	1441	1448	variant	T080	C0205419
27713074	1449	1451	NA	T116,T126,T129	C1545516
27713074	1469	1477	mutation	T045	C0026882
27713074	1493	1496	NAI	T121	C1443650
27713074	1497	1507	resistance	T169	C4281815
27713074	1536	1542	3c10-3	T129	C3849272
27713074	1551	1560	potential	T080	C3245505
27713074	1577	1588	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27713074	1598	1605	A(H7N9)	T005	C3658219
27713074	1606	1616	infections	T046	C3714514
27713074	1630	1641	alternative	T077	C1523987
27713074	1652	1663	combination	T080	C0205195
27713074	1678	1680	NA	T116,T126,T129	C1545516
27713074	1681	1701	antiviral inhibitors	T121	C0003451

27713123|t|Abnormal amphiregulin expression correlates with gastric cancer prognosis
27713123|a|Gastric cancer (GC) is a global health issue with a high mortality rate. Early diagnosis and tracking of GC is a challenge due to a lack of reliable tools. Amphiregulin (AREG) is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family that activates growth signaling upon binding of EGF receptors. Elevated AREG expression is associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer. Here, we investigated whether increased AREG expression is a disease indicator and/or prognostic biomarker for GC. We used tissue microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess AREG expression in clinical tissue specimens at various stages of GC and a conducted bioinformatics analysis to evaluate the value of AREG over-expression as a GC biomarker. We found that both mRNA and protein expression of AREG were increased in the tissues of GC patients when compared to tissues from non-cancer patients or normal tissues. High expression of AREG was also associated with GC clinicopathological characteristics and poor survival. Thus, over-expression of AREG could serve as a novel GC biomarker, and active surveillance of its expression could be a novel approach to GC diagnosis and monitoring.
27713123	0	8	Abnormal	T033	C0205161
27713123	9	21	amphiregulin	T116,T123	C0051755
27713123	22	32	expression	T045	C1171362
27713123	33	43	correlates	T039	C0871083
27713123	49	63	gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27713123	64	73	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27713123	74	88	Gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27713123	90	92	GC	T191	C0699791
27713123	99	118	global health issue	T091	C1456573
27713123	131	145	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27713123	153	162	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27713123	179	181	GC	T191	C0699791
27713123	187	196	challenge	T058	C0805586
27713123	230	242	Amphiregulin	T116,T123	C0051755
27713123	244	248	AREG	T116,T123	C0051755
27713123	255	261	member	T098	C0680022
27713123	269	292	epidermal growth factor	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
27713123	294	297	EGF	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
27713123	311	320	activates	T043	C1514758
27713123	321	337	growth signaling	T044	C1155379
27713123	343	350	binding	T052	C1145667
27713123	354	367	EGF receptors	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27713123	369	377	Elevated	T080	C3163633
27713123	378	382	AREG	T116,T123	C0051755
27713123	383	393	expression	T045	C1171362
27713123	397	412	associated with	T080	C0332281
27713123	421	444	pathological conditions	T046	C0030660
27713123	456	462	cancer	T191	C0006826
27713123	473	485	investigated	T169	C1292732
27713123	494	503	increased	T081	C0205217
27713123	504	508	AREG	T116,T123	C0051755
27713123	509	519	expression	T045	C1171362
27713123	525	542	disease indicator	T201	C0005516
27713123	550	570	prognostic biomarker	T080	C1514475
27713123	575	577	GC	T191	C0699791
27713123	587	604	tissue microarray	T075	C1519522
27713123	609	621	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27713123	622	657	real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1709846
27713123	668	672	AREG	T116,T123	C0051755
27713123	673	683	expression	T045	C1171362
27713123	673	683	expression	T045	C1171362
27713123	696	712	tissue specimens	T024	C1292533
27713123	734	736	GC	T191	C0699791
27713123	753	767	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
27713123	768	776	analysis	T062	C0936012
27713123	780	788	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27713123	802	806	AREG	T116,T123	C0051755
27713123	807	822	over-expression	T045	C1171362
27713123	828	830	GC	T191	C0699791
27713123	831	840	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27713123	861	865	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27713123	870	888	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27713123	892	896	AREG	T116,T123	C0051755
27713123	902	911	increased	T081	C0205217
27713123	919	926	tissues	T024	C1292533
27713123	930	932	GC	T191	C0699791
27713123	933	941	patients	T101	C0030705
27713123	947	955	compared	T052	C1707455
27713123	959	966	tissues	T024	C1292533
27713123	972	991	non-cancer patients	T101	C0030705
27713123	995	1009	normal tissues	T024	C0040300
27713123	1016	1026	expression	T045	C1171362
27713123	1030	1034	AREG	T116,T123	C0051755
27713123	1044	1059	associated with	T080	C0332281
27713123	1060	1062	GC	T191	C0699791
27713123	1063	1082	clinicopathological	T046	C0030660
27713123	1083	1098	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27713123	1103	1116	poor survival	T062	C0038953
27713123	1124	1139	over-expression	T045	C1171362
27713123	1143	1147	AREG	T116,T123	C0051755
27713123	1171	1173	GC	T191	C0699791
27713123	1174	1183	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27713123	1189	1208	active surveillance	T058	C1827061
27713123	1216	1226	expression	T045	C1171362
27713123	1256	1258	GC	T191	C0699791
27713123	1259	1268	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27713123	1273	1283	monitoring	T061	C1302396

27714135|t|Folate -based single cell screening using surface enhanced Raman microimaging
27714135|a|Recent progress in nanotechnology and its application to biomedical settings have generated great advantages in dealing with early cancer diagnosis. The identification of the specific properties of cancer cells, such as the expression of particular plasma membrane molecular receptors, has become crucial in revealing the presence and in assessing the stage of development of the disease. Here we report a single cell screening approach based on Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) microimaging. We fabricated a SERS-labelled nanovector based on the biofunctionalization of gold nanoparticles with folic acid. After treating the cells with the nanovector, we were able to distinguish three different cell populations from different cell lines (cancer HeLa and PC-3, and normal HaCaT lines), suitably chosen for their different expressions of folate binding proteins. The nanovector, indeed, binds much more efficiently on cancer cell lines than on normal ones, resulting in a higher SERS signal measured on cancer cells. These results pave the way for applications in single cell diagnostics and, potentially, in theranostics.
27714135	0	6	Folate	T109,T121,T127	C0178638
27714135	14	35	single cell screening	T059	C0597452
27714135	42	77	surface enhanced Raman microimaging	T059	C0037815
27714135	97	111	nanotechnology	T090	C0872323
27714135	135	154	biomedical settings	T062	C0005540
27714135	203	225	early cancer diagnosis	T060	C2350269
27714135	276	288	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27714135	302	312	expression	T045	C0597360
27714135	327	342	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27714135	343	362	molecular receptors	T091	C1513401
27714135	416	465	assessing the stage of development of the disease	T058	C3650728
27714135	484	505	single cell screening	T059	C0597452
27714135	524	577	Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) microimaging	T059	C0037815
27714135	559	563	SERS	T059	C0037815
27714135	595	608	SERS-labelled	T059	C0037815
27714135	609	619	nanovector	T090	C0872323
27714135	633	653	biofunctionalization	T078	C0870589
27714135	657	675	gold nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
27714135	681	691	folic acid	T109,T121,T127	C0016410
27714135	699	717	treating the cells	T025	C0007634
27714135	727	737	nanovector	T090	C0872323
27714135	755	799	distinguish three different cell populations	T059,T062	C0596289
27714135	805	825	different cell lines	T025	C0007600
27714135	827	838	cancer HeLa	T025	C0018873
27714135	843	847	PC-3	T050	C3890720
27714135	853	871	normal HaCaT lines	T025	C0022567
27714135	910	921	expressions	T045	C0597360
27714135	925	948	folate binding proteins	T116,T192	C2955669
27714135	954	964	nanovector	T090	C0872323
27714135	974	1001	binds much more efficiently	T052	C1145667
27714135	1005	1022	cancer cell lines	T025	C0334227
27714135	1066	1070	SERS	T059	C0037815
27714135	1090	1102	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27714135	1151	1174	single cell diagnostics	T059	C0597452
27714135	1180	1191	potentially	T080	C3245505
27714135	1196	1208	theranostics	T091	C4046052

27714376|t|Shape oscillations of particle - coated bubbles and directional particle expulsion
27714376|a|Bubbles stabilised by colloidal particles can find applications in advanced materials, catalysis and drug delivery. For applications in controlled release, it is desirable to remove the particles from the interface in a programmable fashion. We have previously shown that ultrasound waves excite volumetric oscillations of particle - coated bubbles, resulting in precisely timed particle expulsion due to interface compression on a ultrafast timescale [Poulichet et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2015, 112, 5932]. We also observed shape oscillations, which were found to drive directional particle expulsion from the antinodes of the non-spherical deformation. In this paper we investigate the mechanisms leading to directional particle expulsion during shape oscillations of particle - coated bubbles driven by ultrasound at 40 kHz. We perform high-speed visualisation of the interface shape and of the particle distribution during ultrafast deformation at a rate of up to 10(4) s(-1). The mode of shape oscillations is found to not depend on the bubble size, in contrast with what has been reported for uncoated bubbles. A decomposition of the non-spherical shape in spatial Fourier modes reveals that the interplay of different modes determines the locations of particle expulsion. The n-fold symmetry of the dominant mode does not always lead to desorption from all 2n antinodes, but only those where there is favourable alignment with the sub-dominant modes. Desorption from the antinodes of the shape oscillations is due to different, concurrent mechanisms. The radial acceleration of the interface at the antinodes can be up to 10(5)-10(6) ms(-2), hence there is a contribution from the inertia of the particles localised at the antinodes. In addition, we found that particles migrate to the antinodes of the shape oscillation, thereby enhancing the contribution from the surface pressure in the monolayer.
27714376	0	5	Shape	T082	C0332479
27714376	6	18	oscillations	T033	C0243095
27714376	22	30	particle	T104	C0597177
27714376	33	39	coated	T080	C1522408
27714376	40	47	bubbles	T167	C0001863
27714376	52	63	directional	T082	C0449738
27714376	64	72	particle	T104	C0597177
27714376	73	82	expulsion	T169	C0205245
27714376	83	90	Bubbles	T167	C0001863
27714376	115	124	particles	T104	C0597177
27714376	159	168	materials	T122	C0005479
27714376	184	197	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
27714376	219	237	controlled release	T079	C0868939
27714376	258	264	remove	T080	C0849355
27714376	269	278	particles	T104	C0597177
27714376	303	323	programmable fashion	T090	C0237805
27714376	355	371	ultrasound waves	T070	C3179343
27714376	379	389	volumetric	T082	C0445383
27714376	390	402	oscillations	T033	C0243095
27714376	406	414	particle	T104	C0597177
27714376	417	423	coated	T080	C1522408
27714376	424	431	bubbles	T167	C0001863
27714376	456	461	timed	T079	C0392761
27714376	462	470	particle	T104	C0597177
27714376	471	480	expulsion	T169	C0205245
27714376	488	509	interface compression	T070	C2713544
27714376	515	524	ultrafast	T080	C0456962
27714376	525	534	timescale	T079	C1254367
27714376	622	627	shape	T082	C0332479
27714376	628	640	oscillations	T033	C0243095
27714376	668	679	directional	T082	C0449738
27714376	680	688	particle	T104	C0597177
27714376	689	698	expulsion	T169	C0205245
27714376	708	717	antinodes	T077	C2697524
27714376	725	738	non-spherical	T082	C0332501
27714376	739	750	deformation	T169	C0333067
27714376	807	818	directional	T082	C0449738
27714376	819	827	particle	T104	C0597177
27714376	828	837	expulsion	T169	C0205245
27714376	845	850	shape	T082	C0332479
27714376	851	863	oscillations	T033	C0243095
27714376	867	875	particle	T104	C0597177
27714376	878	884	coated	T080	C1522408
27714376	885	892	bubbles	T167	C0001863
27714376	903	913	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
27714376	947	960	visualisation	T169	C0234621
27714376	978	983	shape	T082	C0332479
27714376	995	1003	particle	T104	C0597177
27714376	1004	1016	distribution	T169	C1704711
27714376	1034	1045	deformation	T169	C0333067
27714376	1082	1086	mode	T170	C0870616
27714376	1090	1095	shape	T082	C0332479
27714376	1096	1108	oscillations	T033	C0243095
27714376	1205	1212	bubbles	T167	C0001863
27714376	1216	1229	decomposition	T067	C1882365
27714376	1237	1250	non-spherical	T082	C0332501
27714376	1251	1256	shape	T082	C0332479
27714376	1260	1281	spatial Fourier modes	T170	C0870616
27714376	1322	1327	modes	T170	C0870616
27714376	1343	1352	locations	T082	C0450429
27714376	1356	1364	particle	T104	C0597177
27714376	1365	1374	expulsion	T169	C0205245
27714376	1380	1395	n-fold symmetry	T082	C0439711
27714376	1403	1411	dominant	T169	C1527180
27714376	1412	1416	mode	T170	C0870616
27714376	1441	1451	desorption	T067	C1882365
27714376	1464	1473	antinodes	T077	C2697524
27714376	1516	1525	alignment	T081	C1706765
27714376	1535	1553	sub-dominant modes	T170	C0870616
27714376	1555	1565	Desorption	T067	C1882365
27714376	1575	1584	antinodes	T077	C2697524
27714376	1592	1597	shape	T082	C0332479
27714376	1598	1610	oscillations	T033	C0243095
27714376	1659	1665	radial	T077	C0442038
27714376	1666	1678	acceleration	T067	C0000894
27714376	1703	1712	antinodes	T077	C2697524
27714376	1785	1792	inertia	T033	C4022575
27714376	1800	1809	particles	T104	C0597177
27714376	1827	1836	antinodes	T077	C2697524
27714376	1865	1874	particles	T104	C0597177
27714376	1875	1882	migrate	T169	C0232902
27714376	1890	1899	antinodes	T077	C2697524
27714376	1907	1912	shape	T082	C0332479
27714376	1970	1986	surface pressure	T070	C0004180

27714497|t|Mechanisms of ear trauma and reconstructive techniques in 105 consecutive patients
27714497|a|Acquired auricular deformities may diminish facial esthetics and cause psychological distress. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the type of injuries and applied reconstructive techniques in a large academic hospital in The Netherlands. A retrospective chart review was conducted for the last 105 patients who underwent auricular reconstruction for an acquired deformity. Data concerning gender, affected side, cause of injury, anatomical region, the previous and further surgeries, type of cartilage, and skin cover used were collected and analyzed. 105 patients were included. Acquired auricular deformities were mainly caused by bite injuries (22 %), traffic accidents (17 %), burns (9.5 %), and post-otoplasty complications (9.5 %). The upper third of the auricle was most often injured (41 %), followed by the entire auricle (19 %). 70 % of cases required reconstruction with costal cartilage. The most common form of cutaneous cover was a postauricular skin flap (40 % of cases). This study gives a complete overview of causes and treatment of acquired auricular deformities. The results are comparable with the results of similar studies found in literature. Bite wounds are the leading cause of acquired auricular injuries. The upper third is most commonly affected. In the largest percentage of reconstructions, costal cartilage and a postauricular flap were used to correct the deformity.
27714497	0	10	Mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27714497	14	17	ear	T023	C0013443
27714497	18	24	trauma	T037	C3714660
27714497	29	43	reconstructive	T061	C0524865
27714497	44	54	techniques	T169	C0449851
27714497	62	73	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27714497	74	82	patients	T101	C0030705
27714497	83	91	Acquired	T080	C0439661
27714497	92	101	auricular	T023	C1549094
27714497	102	113	deformities	T190	C0302142
27714497	118	126	diminish	T081	C0205216
27714497	127	143	facial esthetics	T032	C0871976
27714497	154	176	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27714497	243	251	injuries	T037	C3263723
27714497	256	278	applied reconstructive	T061	C0524865
27714497	279	289	techniques	T169	C0449851
27714497	301	318	academic hospital	T073,T093	C0000872
27714497	326	337	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
27714497	341	354	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27714497	355	367	chart review	UnknownType	C0553620
27714497	399	407	patients	T101	C0030705
27714497	422	431	auricular	T023	C1549094
27714497	432	446	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27714497	454	472	acquired deformity	T020	C0221430
27714497	474	478	Data	T078	C1511726
27714497	490	496	gender	T032	C0079399
27714497	498	511	affected side	T033	C3166323
27714497	513	528	cause of injury	T033	C0552510
27714497	530	547	anatomical region	T029	C0005898
27714497	574	583	surgeries	T061	C0543467
27714497	593	602	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27714497	608	623	skin cover used	T074	C3874019
27714497	643	651	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27714497	657	665	patients	T101	C0030705
27714497	681	689	Acquired	T080	C0439661
27714497	690	699	auricular	T023	C1549094
27714497	700	711	deformities	T190	C0302142
27714497	734	747	bite injuries	T037	C0005658
27714497	756	773	traffic accidents	T037	C0000932
27714497	782	787	burns	T037	C0006434
27714497	801	815	post-otoplasty	T061	C0868838
27714497	816	829	complications	T046	C0009566
27714497	843	869	upper third of the auricle	T023	C0502136
27714497	885	892	injured	T169	C0332664
27714497	917	931	entire auricle	T023	C0013453
27714497	948	953	cases	T169	C0868928
27714497	963	977	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27714497	983	999	costal cartilage	T024	C0222787
27714497	1025	1040	cutaneous cover	T082	C0221912
27714497	1047	1070	postauricular skin flap	T061	C0395655
27714497	1080	1085	cases	T169	C0868928
27714497	1093	1098	study	T062	C2603343
27714497	1139	1148	treatment	T169	C0039798
27714497	1152	1160	acquired	T080	C0439661
27714497	1161	1170	auricular	T023	C1549094
27714497	1171	1182	deformities	T190	C0302142
27714497	1220	1227	results	T169	C1274040
27714497	1239	1246	studies	T062	C2603343
27714497	1256	1266	literature	T170	C0023866
27714497	1268	1279	Bite wounds	T037	C0561546
27714497	1305	1313	acquired	T080	C0439661
27714497	1314	1323	auricular	T023	C1549094
27714497	1324	1332	injuries	T037	C3263723
27714497	1338	1349	upper third	T023	C0502136
27714497	1406	1421	reconstructions	T061	C0524865
27714497	1423	1439	costal cartilage	T024	C0222787
27714497	1446	1464	postauricular flap	T023	C0440884
27714497	1490	1499	deformity	T190	C0302142

27714651|t|Comparison of FOLFIRINOX Chemotherapy with Other Regimens in Patients with Biliary Tract Cancers: a Retrospective Study
27714651|a|The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the different treatment options of patients with advanced biliary tract carcinoma (BTC) who were treated with platinum - gemcitabine (CG) or platinum -5- fluorouracil (CF) or 5-Fluorouracil-oxaliplatin-irinotecan (FOLFIRINOX) chemotherapy. We included the patients with advanced BTC who were registered at the Department of Oncology in Gaziantep University between January 2008 and January 2016. The following data were analyzed: disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS) of first and second-line of chemotherapy, and overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test was used to compare two survival curves, and hazard regression model was used to evaluate risk factors for PFS. Ninety-two patients were recruited. 53 (57.6 %), 27 (29.3 %), and 12 (13 %) patients received CG, CF, and FOLFIRINOX regimen as first-line chemotherapy, respectively. Median PFS and DCR of CG group were 22 weeks and 56.6 %, and these were 12 weeks and 44.4 % for CF group, and 9 weeks and 41.7 % for FOLFIRINOX group. Median OS of CG, CF, and FOLFIRINOX groups was 28, 21,and 23.5 weeks, respectively (p = 0.497). Second-line PFS of fluoropyrimidine -based chemotherapy group and gemcitabine -based chemotherapy group was 12 vs. 14 weeks (p = 0.988). Second-line PFS of FOLFIRINOX was 20 weeks, whereas it was 14 weeks for other fuoropyrimidine -based chemotherapies (p = 0.190). This was the first study evaluating the FOLFIRINOX regimen in BTC. Cisplatin-gemcitabine therapy still provides better survival in BCT. However, FOLFIRINOX can be an option in the second-line treatment of BTC patients who are eligible for chemotherapy.
27714651	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27714651	14	24	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27714651	25	37	Chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27714651	49	57	Regimens	T061	C0040808
27714651	61	69	Patients	T101	C0030705
27714651	75	96	Biliary Tract Cancers	T191	C0750952
27714651	100	119	Retrospective Study	T062	C0035363
27714651	136	155	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27714651	163	170	compare	T052	C1707455
27714651	185	202	treatment options	T061	C0683525
27714651	206	214	patients	T101	C0030705
27714651	220	228	advanced	UnknownType	C0679246
27714651	229	252	biliary tract carcinoma	T191	C0206698
27714651	254	257	BTC	T191	C0206698
27714651	268	275	treated	T169	C1522326
27714651	281	289	platinum	T121	C1171558
27714651	292	303	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27714651	305	307	CG	T114,T121	C0045093
27714651	312	320	platinum	T121	C1171558
27714651	325	337	fluorouracil	T114,T121	C0016360
27714651	339	341	CF	T114,T121	C0016360
27714651	346	383	5-Fluorouracil-oxaliplatin-irinotecan	T061	C0879464
27714651	385	395	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27714651	397	409	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27714651	427	435	patients	T101	C0030705
27714651	441	449	advanced	UnknownType	C0679246
27714651	450	453	BTC	T191	C0206698
27714651	463	473	registered	T058	C1514821
27714651	481	503	Department of Oncology	T093	C0587443
27714651	507	527	Gaziantep University	T073,T092	C0041740
27714651	581	585	data	T078	C1511726
27714651	591	599	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27714651	601	616	disease control	T061	C0920467
27714651	617	621	rate	T081	C1521828
27714651	623	626	DCR	T081	C1521828
27714651	629	654	progression free survival	T081	C0242792
27714651	656	659	PFS	T081	C0242792
27714651	664	669	first	T061	C1708063
27714651	674	685	second-line	T061	C1710038
27714651	689	701	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27714651	707	723	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27714651	725	727	OS	T081	C4086681
27714651	730	749	Kaplan-Meier method	T081	C1720943
27714651	754	767	Log-rank test	T170	C0237913
27714651	780	787	compare	T052	C1707455
27714651	792	807	survival curves	T081	C1720944
27714651	813	836	hazard regression model	T081,T170	C0033489
27714651	849	857	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27714651	858	870	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27714651	875	878	PFS	T081	C0242792
27714651	891	899	patients	T101	C0030705
27714651	956	964	patients	T101	C0030705
27714651	965	973	received	T033	C0332154
27714651	974	976	CG	T114,T121	C0045093
27714651	978	980	CF	T114,T121	C0016360
27714651	986	996	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27714651	997	1004	regimen	T061	C0040808
27714651	1008	1018	first-line	T061	C1708063
27714651	1019	1031	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27714651	1054	1057	PFS	T081	C0242792
27714651	1062	1065	DCR	T081	C1521828
27714651	1069	1071	CG	T114,T121	C0045093
27714651	1072	1077	group	T098	C1257890
27714651	1086	1091	weeks	T079	C0439230
27714651	1122	1127	weeks	T079	C0439230
27714651	1143	1145	CF	T114,T121	C0016360
27714651	1146	1151	group	T098	C1257890
27714651	1159	1164	weeks	T079	C0439230
27714651	1180	1190	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27714651	1191	1196	group	T098	C1257890
27714651	1205	1207	OS	T081	C4086681
27714651	1211	1213	CG	T114,T121	C0045093
27714651	1215	1217	CF	T114,T121	C0016360
27714651	1223	1233	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27714651	1234	1240	groups	T098	C1257890
27714651	1261	1266	weeks	T079	C0439230
27714651	1294	1305	Second-line	T061	C1710038
27714651	1306	1309	PFS	T081	C0242792
27714651	1313	1329	fluoropyrimidine	T114,T121	C0596581
27714651	1337	1349	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27714651	1350	1355	group	T098	C1257890
27714651	1360	1371	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27714651	1379	1391	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27714651	1392	1397	group	T098	C1257890
27714651	1412	1417	weeks	T079	C0439230
27714651	1431	1442	Second-line	T061	C1710038
27714651	1443	1446	PFS	T081	C0242792
27714651	1450	1460	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27714651	1468	1473	weeks	T079	C0439230
27714651	1493	1498	weeks	T079	C0439230
27714651	1509	1524	fuoropyrimidine	T114,T121	C0596581
27714651	1532	1546	chemotherapies	T061	C3665472
27714651	1579	1584	study	T062	C0008972
27714651	1585	1595	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27714651	1600	1610	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27714651	1611	1618	regimen	T061	C0040808
27714651	1622	1625	BTC	T191	C0206698
27714651	1627	1648	Cisplatin-gemcitabine	T061	C0338265
27714651	1649	1656	therapy	T061	C0087111
27714651	1679	1687	survival	T169	C0220921
27714651	1691	1694	BCT	T191	C0206698
27714651	1705	1715	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27714651	1740	1761	second-line treatment	T061	C1710038
27714651	1765	1768	BTC	T191	C0206698
27714651	1769	1777	patients	T101	C0030705
27714651	1786	1794	eligible	T080	C1548635
27714651	1799	1811	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472

27714730|t|Anatomic assessment of the left main bifurcation and dynamic bifurcation angles using computed tomography angiography
27714730|a|An understanding of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) anatomy is important for accurate diagnosis and therapeutic. We aimed to investigate LMCA anatomy via 128-multisliced coronary computed-tomography-angiography (CCTA) in patients with normal LMCA. A total of 201 CCTA studies were included in this study. Anatomical features of LMCA including cross-sectional areas of the LMCA ostial, LMCA distal, LAD ostial and LCX ostial, and degree of tapering and LMCA bifurcation angles (BA) in the form of LMCA - LCX BA, LMCA - LAD BA, LAD - LCX BA at end-diastole and end-systole. The mean age was 55 ± 11 with 55.7% males. RCA was dominant in 173 (86.1%) patients. Mean LMCA length was 10.0±4.5 mm. The mean values of LMCA ostial, LMCA distal, LAD ostial and LCX ostial areas were 18.2±5.1 mm², 13.2±4.0, 9.0±3.2 mm² and 7.6±2.8 mm², respectively. LMCA ostial - distal area, LMCA distal - LAD ostial area and LMCA distal - LCX ostial area ratios were ≥1.44 - <1.69 in 47 (23.4%), 53 (26.4%), 47 (23.4%) patients, respectively, and were ≥1.69-<1.96 in 19 (9.5%), 24(11.9%), 40(19.9%) patients respectively. Systolic motion modifies LMCA BAs; systolic motion begets an increment of LMCA - LAD angle in 72.6% of patients and decrement of LAD - LCX angle in 75.6% of the patients. Patients with T-shaped LAD - LCX BA was shown to have significantly longer LMCA, larger LAD ostial area, larger LCX ostial area and higher diastolic-to-systolic range (DSR) of LAD - LCX BA compared to patients with Y-shaped LAD - LCX BA. LMCA with T-shaped distal BA was found to have significantly longer LMCA, larger LAD ostial area, larger LCX ostial area and higher DSR of distal BA compared to patients with Y-shaped distal BA. These findings may provide useful information for LMCA bifurcation stenting or designing dedicated stents for LMCA.
27714730	0	8	Anatomic	T080	C0220784
27714730	9	19	assessment	T058	C0220825
27714730	27	48	left main bifurcation	T082	C1254362
27714730	53	79	dynamic bifurcation angles	T082	C1254362
27714730	86	117	computed tomography angiography	T060	C1536105
27714730	142	167	left main coronary artery	T023	C1261082
27714730	169	173	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	175	182	anatomy	T017	C0700276
27714730	209	218	diagnosis	T080	C1704338
27714730	223	234	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27714730	248	259	investigate	T169	C1292732
27714730	260	264	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	265	272	anatomy	T017	C0700276
27714730	277	333	128-multisliced coronary computed-tomography-angiography	T060	C1536105
27714730	335	339	CCTA	T060	C1536105
27714730	344	352	patients	T101	C0030705
27714730	365	369	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	386	390	CCTA	T060	C1536105
27714730	391	398	studies	T062	C0008972
27714730	421	426	study	T062	C2603343
27714730	428	447	Anatomical features	T017	C0700276
27714730	451	455	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	466	487	cross-sectional areas	T082	C0552389
27714730	495	499	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	500	506	ostial	T030	C0444567
27714730	508	512	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	513	519	distal	T082	C0205108
27714730	521	531	LAD ostial	T023	C3898617
27714730	536	539	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	540	546	ostial	T030	C0444567
27714730	575	579	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	580	598	bifurcation angles	T082	C1254362
27714730	600	602	BA	T082	C1254362
27714730	619	623	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	626	629	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	630	632	BA	T082	C1254362
27714730	634	638	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	641	644	LAD	T023	C3898617
27714730	645	647	BA	T082	C1254362
27714730	649	652	LAD	T023	C3898617
27714730	655	658	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	659	661	BA	T082	C1254362
27714730	665	677	end-diastole	T079	C1562146
27714730	682	693	end-systole	T079	C1563001
27714730	704	707	age	T032	C0001779
27714730	731	736	males	T032	C0086582
27714730	738	741	RCA	T023	C0226042
27714730	746	754	dominant	T169	C1527180
27714730	770	778	patients	T101	C0030705
27714730	785	789	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	790	796	length	T081	C1444754
27714730	833	837	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	838	844	ostial	T030	C0444567
27714730	846	850	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	851	857	distal	T082	C0205108
27714730	859	869	LAD ostial	T023	C3898617
27714730	874	877	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	878	884	ostial	T030	C0444567
27714730	885	890	areas	T082	C0205146
27714730	963	967	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	968	974	ostial	T030	C0444567
27714730	977	983	distal	T082	C0205108
27714730	984	988	area	T082	C0205146
27714730	990	994	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	995	1001	distal	T082	C0205108
27714730	1004	1014	LAD ostial	T023	C3898617
27714730	1015	1019	area	T082	C0205146
27714730	1024	1028	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	1029	1035	distal	T082	C0205108
27714730	1038	1041	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	1042	1048	ostial	T030	C0444567
27714730	1049	1060	area ratios	T081	C1442066
27714730	1118	1126	patients	T101	C0030705
27714730	1198	1206	patients	T101	C0030705
27714730	1221	1236	Systolic motion	T070	C0026597
27714730	1246	1250	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	1251	1254	BAs	T082	C1254362
27714730	1256	1271	systolic motion	T070	C0026597
27714730	1295	1299	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	1302	1305	LAD	T023	C3898617
27714730	1324	1332	patients	T101	C0030705
27714730	1350	1353	LAD	T023	C3898617
27714730	1356	1359	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	1382	1390	patients	T101	C0030705
27714730	1392	1400	Patients	T101	C0030705
27714730	1415	1418	LAD	T023	C3898617
27714730	1421	1424	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	1425	1427	BA	T082	C1254362
27714730	1467	1471	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	1480	1490	LAD ostial	T023	C3898617
27714730	1491	1495	area	T082	C0205146
27714730	1504	1507	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	1508	1514	ostial	T030	C0444567
27714730	1515	1519	area	T082	C0205146
27714730	1531	1558	diastolic-to-systolic range	T081	C1514721
27714730	1560	1563	DSR	T081	C1514721
27714730	1568	1571	LAD	T023	C3898617
27714730	1574	1577	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	1578	1580	BA	T082	C1254362
27714730	1593	1601	patients	T101	C0030705
27714730	1616	1619	LAD	T023	C3898617
27714730	1622	1625	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	1626	1628	BA	T082	C1254362
27714730	1630	1634	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	1640	1655	T-shaped distal	T082	C0205108
27714730	1656	1658	BA	T082	C1254362
27714730	1698	1702	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	1711	1721	LAD ostial	T023	C3898617
27714730	1722	1726	area	T082	C0205146
27714730	1735	1738	LCX	T023	C0815994
27714730	1739	1745	ostial	T030	C0444567
27714730	1746	1750	area	T082	C0205146
27714730	1762	1765	DSR	T081	C1514721
27714730	1769	1775	distal	T082	C0205108
27714730	1776	1778	BA	T082	C1254362
27714730	1791	1799	patients	T101	C0030705
27714730	1805	1820	Y-shaped distal	T082	C0205108
27714730	1821	1823	BA	T082	C1254362
27714730	1831	1839	findings	T033	C0243095
27714730	1875	1879	LMCA	T023	C1261082
27714730	1880	1900	bifurcation stenting	T061	C2348535
27714730	1924	1930	stents	T074	C0038257
27714730	1935	1939	LMCA	T023	C1261082

27714861|t|Mechanically Reinforced Skin - Electronics with Networked Nanocomposite Elastomer
27714861|a|Mechanically reinforced skin - electronics are presented by exploiting networked nanocomposite elastomers where high quality metal nanowires serve as conducting paths. Theoretical and experimental studies show that the established skin - electronics exhibit superior mechanical enhancements against crack and delamination phenomena. Device applications include a class of biomedical devices that offers the ability of thermotherapeutic stimulation and electrophysiological monitoring, all via the skin.
27714861	0	23	Mechanically Reinforced	T169	C0443254
27714861	24	28	Skin	T022	C1123023
27714861	31	42	Electronics	T091	C0013851
27714861	48	57	Networked	T169	C1882071
27714861	58	71	Nanocomposite	T073	C1721059
27714861	72	81	Elastomer	T109,T122	C0013766
27714861	82	105	Mechanically reinforced	T169	C0443254
27714861	106	110	skin	T022	C1123023
27714861	113	124	electronics	T091	C0013851
27714861	153	162	networked	T169	C1882071
27714861	163	176	nanocomposite	T073	C1721059
27714861	177	187	elastomers	T109,T122	C0013766
27714861	199	206	quality	T080	C0332306
27714861	207	212	metal	T197	C0025552
27714861	213	222	nanowires	T073	C1721063
27714861	232	248	conducting paths	T042	C0814024
27714861	250	261	Theoretical	T062,T170	C0039778
27714861	266	286	experimental studies	T062	C0681814
27714861	313	317	skin	T022	C1123023
27714861	320	331	electronics	T091	C0013851
27714861	340	348	superior	T082	C1282910
27714861	349	372	mechanical enhancements	T061	C0699886
27714861	381	386	crack	T067	C1881706
27714861	391	413	delamination phenomena	T051	C1706215
27714861	415	434	Device applications	T061	C1283079
27714861	454	472	biomedical devices	T074	C0025080
27714861	500	529	thermotherapeutic stimulation	T061	C0020548
27714861	534	554	electrophysiological	T040	C2350528
27714861	555	565	monitoring	T058	C0026429
27714861	579	583	skin	T022	C1123023

27715026|t|Therapeutic Delivery of H2S via COS: Small Molecule and Polymeric Donors with Benign Byproducts
27715026|a|Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a gas that may play important roles in mammalian and bacterial biology, but its study is limited by a lack of suitable donor molecules. We report here the use of N-thiocarboxyanhydrides (NTAs) as COS donors that release the gas in a sustained manner under biologically relevant conditions with innocuous peptide byproducts. Carbonic anhydrase converts COS into H2S, allowing NTAs to serve as either COS or H2S donors, depending on the availability of the enzyme. Analysis of the pseudo-first-order H2S release rate under biologically relevant conditions revealed a release half-life of 75 min for the small molecule NTA under investigation. A polynorbornene bearing pendant NTAs made by ring-opening metathesis polymerization was also synthesized to generate a polymeric COS / H2S donor. A half-life of 280 min was measured for the polymeric donor. Endothelial cell proliferation studies revealed an enhanced rate of proliferation for cells treated with the NTA over untreated controls.
27715026	0	11	Therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27715026	12	20	Delivery	T169	C1705822
27715026	24	27	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
27715026	32	35	COS	T197	C0054714
27715026	37	51	Small Molecule	T109	C1328819
27715026	56	65	Polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27715026	66	72	Donors	T167	C0567416
27715026	78	84	Benign	T080	C0205183
27715026	85	95	Byproducts	T071	C1514468
27715026	96	112	Carbonyl sulfide	T197	C0054714
27715026	114	117	COS	T197	C0054714
27715026	124	127	gas	T104	C0017110
27715026	161	170	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27715026	175	184	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27715026	185	192	biology	T091	C0005532
27715026	202	207	study	T062	C2603343
27715026	241	256	donor molecules	T167	C0567416
27715026	261	267	report	T170	C0684224
27715026	284	307	N-thiocarboxyanhydrides	T109	C0003030
27715026	309	313	NTAs	T109	C0003030
27715026	318	321	COS	T197	C0054714
27715026	322	328	donors	T167	C0567416
27715026	346	349	gas	T104	C0017110
27715026	378	390	biologically	T080	C0205460
27715026	400	410	conditions	T080	C0348080
27715026	426	433	peptide	T116	C0030956
27715026	434	444	byproducts	T071	C1514468
27715026	446	464	Carbonic anhydrase	T116,T126	C0007028
27715026	474	477	COS	T197	C0054714
27715026	483	486	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
27715026	497	501	NTAs	T109	C0003030
27715026	521	524	COS	T197	C0054714
27715026	528	531	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
27715026	532	538	donors	T167	C0567416
27715026	577	583	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27715026	585	593	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27715026	601	619	pseudo-first-order	T169	C0443286
27715026	620	623	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
27715026	624	636	release rate	T081	C1521828
27715026	643	655	biologically	T080	C0205460
27715026	665	675	conditions	T080	C0348080
27715026	695	704	half-life	T079	C0018517
27715026	711	714	min	T079	C0439232
27715026	723	737	small molecule	T109	C1328819
27715026	738	741	NTA	T109	C0003030
27715026	765	779	polynorbornene	T109	C2606633
27715026	796	800	NTAs	T109	C0003030
27715026	809	847	ring-opening metathesis polymerization	T067	C0314672
27715026	857	868	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27715026	872	880	generate	T052	C3146294
27715026	883	892	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27715026	893	896	COS	T197	C0054714
27715026	899	902	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
27715026	903	908	donor	T167	C0567416
27715026	912	921	half-life	T079	C0018517
27715026	929	932	min	T079	C0439232
27715026	954	963	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27715026	964	969	donor	T167	C0567416
27715026	971	1001	Endothelial cell proliferation	T043	C1655807
27715026	1002	1009	studies	T062	C2603343
27715026	1039	1062	proliferation for cells	T043	C0596290
27715026	1063	1070	treated	T169	C1522326
27715026	1080	1083	NTA	T109	C0003030
27715026	1089	1098	untreated	T033	C0332155
27715026	1099	1107	controls	T096	C0009932

27715398|t|Survivin is a guardian of the intestinal stem cell niche and its expression is regulated by TGF-β
27715398|a|As an inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family member, Survivin is known for its role during regulation of apoptosis. More recently its function as a cell cycle regulator has become evident. Survivin was shown to play a pivotal role during embryonic development and is highly expressed in regenerative tissue as well as in many cancer types. We examined the function of Survivin during mouse intestinal organogenesis and in gut pathophysiology. We found high expression of Survivin in experimentally induced colon cancer in mice but also in colon tumors of humans. Moreover, Survivin was regulated by TGF-β and was found to be highly expressed during mucosal healing following intestinal inflammation. We identified that expression of Survivin is essential early on in life, as specific deletion of Survivin in Villin expressing cells led to embryonic death around day 12 post coitum. Together with our recent study on the role of Survivin in the gut of adult mice our data demonstrate that Survivin is an essential guardian of embryonic gut development and adult gut homeostasis protecting the epithelium from cell death promoting the proliferation of intestinal stem and progenitor cells.
27715398	0	8	Survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27715398	14	22	guardian	T052	C3687617
27715398	30	40	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27715398	41	56	stem cell niche	T022	C2350292
27715398	65	75	expression	T045	C1171362
27715398	92	97	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27715398	104	126	inhibitor of apoptosis	T116,T123	C1332320
27715398	128	131	IAP	T116,T123	C1332320
27715398	148	156	Survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27715398	186	209	regulation of apoptosis	T043	C1148568
27715398	243	263	cell cycle regulator	T043	C1325288
27715398	284	292	Survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27715398	333	354	embryonic development	T042	C0013936
27715398	369	378	expressed	T045	C1171362
27715398	382	394	regenerative	T169	C0334213
27715398	395	401	tissue	T024	C0040300
27715398	421	433	cancer types	T033	C0872066
27715398	463	471	Survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27715398	479	484	mouse	T015	C0025929
27715398	485	495	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27715398	496	509	organogenesis	T038	C0242290
27715398	517	520	gut	T023	C0699819
27715398	521	536	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27715398	552	562	expression	T045	C1171362
27715398	566	574	Survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27715398	593	600	induced	T169	C0205263
27715398	601	613	colon cancer	T191	C0007102
27715398	617	621	mice	T015	C0025929
27715398	634	646	colon tumors	T191	C0009375
27715398	650	656	humans	T016	C0086418
27715398	668	676	Survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27715398	681	690	regulated	T043	C1157519
27715398	694	699	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27715398	727	736	expressed	T045	C1171362
27715398	744	759	mucosal healing	T042	C1513724
27715398	770	793	intestinal inflammation	T033	C3889047
27715398	814	824	expression	T045	C1171362
27715398	828	836	Survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27715398	880	888	deletion	T045	C0017260
27715398	892	900	Survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27715398	904	910	Villin	T116,T123	C0078238
27715398	911	921	expressing	T045	C1171362
27715398	922	927	cells	T025	C0007634
27715398	935	950	embryonic death	T046	C0752350
27715398	965	976	post coitum	T079	C1439871
27715398	1024	1032	Survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27715398	1047	1052	adult	T008	C0596888
27715398	1053	1057	mice	T015	C0025929
27715398	1084	1092	Survivin	T116,T123	C0664336
27715398	1109	1117	guardian	T052	C3687617
27715398	1121	1134	embryonic gut	T018	C4242203
27715398	1135	1146	development	T040	C0678723
27715398	1151	1156	adult	T008	C0596888
27715398	1157	1160	gut	T023	C0699819
27715398	1161	1172	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27715398	1188	1198	epithelium	T024	C0014609
27715398	1204	1214	cell death	T043	C0007587
27715398	1229	1242	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27715398	1246	1256	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27715398	1257	1261	stem	T025	C0038250
27715398	1266	1282	progenitor cells	T025	C0007634

27715500|t|Self-reported occupational injuries among industrial beef slaughterhouse workers in the Midwestern United States
27715500|a|Although workers in meatpacking facilities in the United States experience high rates of occupational injury, their injury experiences have received limited research attention. Prior research indicates underreporting in injury rates in this industry as well significant variation in injury rates among facilities. To add detail to the rates and circumstances surrounding occupational injury among meatpacking workers, we conducted a cross-sectional study of workers employed at an industrial beefpacking plant in Nebraska, United States (n = 137) and interviewed workers about recent injury experiences. We assessed frequency, cause and nature of self-reported injury. We estimated annual incidence rates of self-reported injuries using the OSHA formula and compared these rates to industry-wide data. We also evaluated psychological distress in this workforce as measured by the Kessler-6 scale to assess whether distress was associated with recent occupational injury. In this study, 15.1% of workers experienced occupational injuries that required time off work, job transfer, or restriction during the past three months. The estimated annual incidence rate was 15.2 injuries per 100 full-time workers for these injuries at this plant. Rushing was identified as the cause of nearly 50% of injuries, and repetitive work as the cause of an additional 20% of injuries. Use of metal mesh sleeves (POR: 0.10 (p = 0.008)) and metal mesh gloves (POR: 0.41 (p = 0.05) were associated with reduced risk of injury. Use of a carbon steel for knife sharpening (POR: 5.2 (p = 0.02)) was associated with elevated risk of moderate and severe injury. There were no associations between self-reported occupational injury and overall measures of psychological distress. Self-reported incidence rate of severe injury in this plant was more than twice official industry estimates. Worker self-reports may illustrate key areas for injury prevention.
27715500	0	13	Self-reported	T062	C2700446
27715500	14	35	occupational injuries	T037	C0521168
27715500	42	52	industrial	T057	C0021267
27715500	53	57	beef	T015	C0175923
27715500	58	72	slaughterhouse	T073	C0000715
27715500	73	80	workers	T098	C1527116
27715500	88	112	Midwestern United States	T083	C0026081
27715500	122	129	workers	T098	C1527116
27715500	133	155	meatpacking facilities	T092	C0025019
27715500	163	176	United States	T083	C0041703
27715500	188	198	high rates	T081	C1521828
27715500	202	221	occupational injury	T037	C0521168
27715500	229	235	injury	T037	C3263723
27715500	270	278	research	T062	C0035168
27715500	296	314	research indicates	T062	C0242481
27715500	315	329	underreporting	T058	C0700287
27715500	333	345	injury rates	T033	C1822478
27715500	354	362	industry	T057	C0021267
27715500	396	408	injury rates	T033	C1822478
27715500	484	503	occupational injury	T037	C0521168
27715500	510	521	meatpacking	T092	C0025019
27715500	522	529	workers	T098	C1527116
27715500	546	567	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27715500	571	578	workers	T098	C1527116
27715500	594	622	industrial beefpacking plant	T092	C0025019
27715500	626	634	Nebraska	T083	C0027523
27715500	636	649	United States	T083	C0041703
27715500	676	683	workers	T098	C1527116
27715500	697	703	injury	T037	C3263723
27715500	760	773	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27715500	774	780	injury	T037	C3263723
27715500	795	817	annual incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27715500	821	834	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27715500	835	843	injuries	T037	C3263723
27715500	854	858	OSHA	T093	C0041731
27715500	859	866	formula	T170	C0489829
27715500	895	913	industry-wide data	T078	C1511726
27715500	933	955	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27715500	993	1008	Kessler-6 scale	T170	C4300240
27715500	1027	1035	distress	T033	C0231303
27715500	1040	1055	associated with	T080	C0332281
27715500	1063	1082	occupational injury	T037	C0521168
27715500	1076	1082	injury	T037	C3263723
27715500	1108	1115	workers	T098	C1527116
27715500	1128	1149	occupational injuries	T037	C0521168
27715500	1179	1191	job transfer	UnknownType	C0681128
27715500	1196	1214	restriction during	T079	C0347984
27715500	1252	1273	annual incidence rate	T081	C1708485
27715500	1283	1291	injuries	T037	C3263723
27715500	1310	1317	workers	T098	C1527116
27715500	1328	1336	injuries	T037	C3263723
27715500	1345	1350	plant	T073	C0000715
27715500	1405	1413	injuries	T037	C3263723
27715500	1472	1480	injuries	T037	C3263723
27715500	1489	1499	metal mesh	T074	C0181807
27715500	1500	1507	sleeves	T074	C0183336
27715500	1536	1546	metal mesh	T074	C0181807
27715500	1547	1553	gloves	T073	C0441051
27715500	1581	1596	associated with	T080	C0332281
27715500	1613	1619	injury	T037	C3263723
27715500	1630	1636	carbon	T196	C0007009
27715500	1637	1642	steel	T122,T197	C0038239
27715500	1647	1652	knife	T073	C1706313
27715500	1690	1705	associated with	T080	C0332281
27715500	1723	1742	moderate and severe	T080	C0205556
27715500	1743	1749	injury	T037	C3263723
27715500	1786	1799	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27715500	1800	1819	occupational injury	T037	C0521168
27715500	1844	1866	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27715500	1868	1881	Self-reported	T062	C2700446
27715500	1882	1896	incidence rate	T081	C1708485
27715500	1900	1906	severe	T080	C0205082
27715500	1907	1913	injury	T037	C3263723
27715500	1957	1975	industry estimates	T081	C0750572
27715500	1984	1996	self-reports	T062	C2700446
27715500	2026	2043	injury prevention	T061	C0150638

27716016|t|Posterior corrective surgery with a multilevel transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and a rod rotation maneuver for patients with degenerative lumbar kyphoscoliosis
27716016|a|The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical results of posterior corrective surgery using a multilevel transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with a rod rotation (RR) and to evaluate the segmental corrective effect of a TLIF using CT imaging. The medical records of 15 consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar kyphoscoliosis (DLKS) who had undergone posterior spinal corrective surgery using a multileve l TLIF with an RR technique and who had a minimum follow-up of 2 years were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographic parameters were evaluated using plain radiographs, and segmental correction was evaluated using CT imaging. Clinical outcomes were evaluated with the Scoliosis Research Society Patient Questionnaire-22 (SRS-22) and the SF-36. The mean follow-up period was 46.7 months, and the mean age at the time of surgery was 60.7 years. The mean total SRS-22 score was 2.9 before surgery and significantly improved to 4.0 at the latest follow-up. The physical functioning, role functioning (physical), and social functioning subcategories of the SF-36 were generally improved at the latest follow-up, although the changes in these scores were not statistically significant. The bodily pain, vitality, and mental health subcategories were significantly improved at the latest follow-up (p < 0.05). Three complications occurred in 3 patients (20%). The Cobb angle of the lumbar curve was reduced to 20.3° after surgery. The overall correction rate was 66.4%. The pelvic incidence - lumbar lordosis (preoperative / postoperative = 31.5°/4.3°), pelvic tilt (29.2°/18.9°), and sagittal vertical axis (78.3/27.6 mm) were improved after surgery and remained so throughout the follow-up. Computed tomography image analysis suggested that a 1-level TLIF can result in 10.9° of scoliosis correction and 6.8° of lordosis. Posterior corrective surgery using a multilevel TLIF with an RR on patients with DLKS can provide effective correction in the coronal plane but allows only limited sagittal correction.
27716016	0	9	Posterior	T082	C0205095
27716016	10	20	corrective	T169	C1947976
27716016	21	28	surgery	T061	C0543467
27716016	36	46	multilevel	T080	C0441889
27716016	47	85	transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion	T061	C1561926
27716016	105	113	maneuver	T052	C0441655
27716016	118	126	patients	T101	C0030705
27716016	132	166	degenerative lumbar kyphoscoliosis	T033	C1834953
27716016	200	206	assess	T052	C1516048
27716016	211	227	clinical results	T034	C0456984
27716016	231	240	posterior	T082	C0205095
27716016	241	251	corrective	T169	C1947976
27716016	252	259	surgery	T061	C0543467
27716016	268	278	multilevel	T080	C0441889
27716016	279	344	transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with a rod rotation	T061	C1561926
27716016	357	365	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27716016	370	379	segmental	T082	C0205122
27716016	380	390	corrective	T169	C1947976
27716016	391	400	effect of	T080	C1704420
27716016	403	407	TLIF	T061	C1561926
27716016	414	424	CT imaging	T073	C3889671
27716016	430	445	medical records	T170	C0025102
27716016	464	472	patients	T101	C0030705
27716016	478	512	degenerative lumbar kyphoscoliosis	T033	C1834953
27716016	514	518	DLKS	T033	C1834953
27716016	538	547	posterior	T082	C0205095
27716016	548	554	spinal	T082	C0521329
27716016	555	565	corrective	T169	C1947976
27716016	566	573	surgery	T061	C0543467
27716016	582	591	multileve	T080	C0441889
27716016	594	619	TLIF with an RR technique	T061	C1561926
27716016	642	651	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27716016	657	662	years	T079	C0439234
27716016	694	706	Radiographic	T060	C1962945
27716016	707	717	parameters	T033	C0449381
27716016	723	732	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27716016	739	756	plain radiographs	T060	C1306645
27716016	762	771	segmental	T082	C0205122
27716016	772	782	correction	T169	C1947976
27716016	787	796	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27716016	803	813	CT imaging	T073	C3889671
27716016	815	832	Clinical outcomes	T034	C0456984
27716016	838	847	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27716016	857	908	Scoliosis Research Society Patient Questionnaire-22	T170	C0034394
27716016	910	916	SRS-22	T170	C0034394
27716016	926	931	SF-36	T170	C1519136
27716016	942	951	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27716016	952	958	period	T079	C1948053
27716016	968	974	months	T079	C0439231
27716016	989	992	age	T032	C0001779
27716016	1000	1004	time	T079	C0040223
27716016	1008	1015	surgery	T061	C0543467
27716016	1025	1030	years	T079	C0439234
27716016	1047	1053	SRS-22	T170	C0034394
27716016	1054	1059	score	T081	C0449820
27716016	1075	1082	surgery	T061	C0543467
27716016	1101	1109	improved	T033	C0184511
27716016	1131	1140	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27716016	1146	1166	physical functioning	T033	C0516981
27716016	1168	1195	role functioning (physical)	T033	C0516981
27716016	1201	1219	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27716016	1220	1233	subcategories	T185	C1515010
27716016	1241	1246	SF-36	T170	C1519136
27716016	1262	1270	improved	T033	C0184511
27716016	1285	1294	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27716016	1309	1316	changes	T169	C0392747
27716016	1326	1332	scores	T081	C0449820
27716016	1342	1367	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27716016	1373	1384	bodily pain	T184	C3890602
27716016	1386	1394	vitality	T033	C0424589
27716016	1400	1413	mental health	T041	C0025353
27716016	1414	1427	subcategories	T185	C1515010
27716016	1447	1455	improved	T033	C0184511
27716016	1470	1479	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27716016	1526	1534	patients	T101	C0030705
27716016	1546	1556	Cobb angle	T033	C0563192
27716016	1564	1576	lumbar curve	T029	C1518034
27716016	1581	1588	reduced	T080	C0392756
27716016	1604	1611	surgery	T061	C0543467
27716016	1625	1635	correction	T169	C1947976
27716016	1656	1662	pelvic	T023	C0030797
27716016	1663	1672	incidence	T081	C0021149
27716016	1675	1690	lumbar lordosis	T190	C1184923
27716016	1692	1704	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27716016	1707	1720	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27716016	1736	1747	pelvic tilt	T033	C1629036
27716016	1767	1775	sagittal	T082	C0205129
27716016	1776	1789	vertical axis	T082	C1704553
27716016	1810	1818	improved	T033	C0184511
27716016	1819	1832	after surgery	T079	C0032790
27716016	1864	1873	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27716016	1875	1900	Computed tomography image	T073	C3889671
27716016	1901	1909	analysis	T062	C0936012
27716016	1927	1934	1-level	T080	C0441889
27716016	1935	1939	TLIF	T061	C1561926
27716016	1963	1983	scoliosis correction	T061	C0408736
27716016	1996	2004	lordosis	T047	C0024003
27716016	2006	2015	Posterior	T082	C0205095
27716016	2016	2026	corrective	T169	C1947976
27716016	2027	2034	surgery	T061	C0543467
27716016	2043	2053	multilevel	T080	C0441889
27716016	2054	2069	TLIF with an RR	T061	C1561926
27716016	2073	2081	patients	T101	C0030705
27716016	2087	2091	DLKS	T033	C1834953
27716016	2104	2113	effective	T080	C1704419
27716016	2114	2124	correction	T169	C1947976
27716016	2132	2145	coronal plane	T082	C0205123
27716016	2170	2178	sagittal	T082	C0205129
27716016	2179	2189	correction	T169	C1947976

27716187|t|A three perspective study of the sense of home of nursing home residents: the views of residents, care professionals and relatives
27716187|a|The sense of home of nursing home residents is a multifactorial phenomenon which is important for the quality of living. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the sense of home of older adults residing in the nursing home from the perspective of residents, relatives and care professionals. A total of 78 participants (n = 24 residents, n = 18 relatives and n = 26 care professionals) from 4 nursing homes in the Netherlands engaged in a qualitative study, in which photography was as a supportive tool for subsequent interviews and focus groups. The data were analyzed based on open ended coding, axial coding and selective coding. The sense of home of nursing home residents is influenced by a number of jointly identified factors, including the building and interior design; eating and drinking; autonomy and control; involvement of relatives; engagement with others and activities; quality of care are shared themes. Residents and relatives stressed the importance of having a connection with nature and the outdoors, as well as coping strategies. Relatives and care professionals emphasized the role the organization of facilitation of care played, as well as making residents feel like they still matter. The sense of home of nursing home residents is influenced by a multitude of factors related to the psychology of the residents, and the social and built environmental contexts. A holistic understanding of which factors influence the sense of home of residents can lead to strategies to optimize this sense of home. This study also indicated that the nursing home has a dual nature as a place of residence and a place where people are supported through numerous care strategies.
27716187	2	7	three	T081	C0205449
27716187	8	25	perspective study	T062	C2603343
27716187	42	46	home	T082	C0442519
27716187	50	72	nursing home residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	87	96	residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	98	116	care professionals	T097	C0018724
27716187	121	130	relatives	T099	C0080103
27716187	144	148	home	T082	C0442519
27716187	152	174	nursing home residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	180	194	multifactorial	T033	C1837655
27716187	195	205	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27716187	215	224	important	T080	C3898777
27716187	233	240	quality	T080	C0332306
27716187	244	250	living	T078	C0376558
27716187	256	263	purpose	T169	C1285529
27716187	272	277	study	T062	C2603343
27716187	284	295	investigate	T169	C1292732
27716187	300	307	factors	T169	C1521761
27716187	308	319	influencing	T077	C4054723
27716187	333	337	home	T082	C0442519
27716187	341	353	older adults	T098	C3826770
27716187	354	362	residing	T052	C2982691
27716187	370	382	nursing home	T073,T093	C0028688
27716187	407	416	residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	418	427	relatives	T099	C0080103
27716187	432	450	care professionals	T097	C0018724
27716187	466	478	participants	T098	C0679646
27716187	487	496	residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	505	514	relatives	T099	C0080103
27716187	526	544	care professionals	T097	C0018724
27716187	553	566	nursing homes	T073,T093	C0028688
27716187	574	585	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
27716187	599	616	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
27716187	668	678	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27716187	679	689	interviews	T052	C0021822
27716187	694	706	focus groups	T096	C0016400
27716187	712	716	data	T078	C1511726
27716187	740	757	open ended coding	T080	C2827655
27716187	759	771	axial coding	T080	C0205556
27716187	776	792	selective coding	T080	C0205556
27716187	807	811	home	T082	C0442519
27716187	815	837	nursing home residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	841	851	influenced	T077	C4054723
27716187	886	893	factors	T169	C1521761
27716187	909	917	building	T073	C1999269
27716187	922	937	interior design	T073	C0021751
27716187	939	945	eating	T055	C0392339
27716187	950	958	drinking	T055	C0013124
27716187	960	968	autonomy	T078	C0085862
27716187	973	980	control	T169	C2587213
27716187	982	993	involvement	T169	C1314939
27716187	997	1006	relatives	T099	C0080103
27716187	1035	1045	activities	T052	C0441655
27716187	1047	1062	quality of care	T058	C0034379
27716187	1082	1091	Residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	1096	1105	relatives	T099	C0080103
27716187	1119	1129	importance	T080	C3898777
27716187	1158	1164	nature	T078	C0349590
27716187	1173	1181	outdoors	T083	C1709359
27716187	1194	1211	coping strategies	T055	C0009967
27716187	1213	1222	Relatives	T099	C0080103
27716187	1227	1245	care professionals	T097	C0018724
27716187	1270	1282	organization	T092	C0029246
27716187	1286	1298	facilitation	T058	C0262752
27716187	1302	1306	care	T052	C1947933
27716187	1333	1342	residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	1385	1389	home	T082	C0442519
27716187	1393	1415	nursing home residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	1419	1429	influenced	T077	C4054723
27716187	1435	1444	multitude	T081	C0439064
27716187	1448	1455	factors	T169	C1521761
27716187	1471	1481	psychology	T169	C1524060
27716187	1489	1498	residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	1508	1547	social and built environmental contexts	T078	C0037414
27716187	1551	1559	holistic	T078	C0683249
27716187	1583	1590	factors	T169	C1521761
27716187	1591	1600	influence	T077	C4054723
27716187	1614	1618	home	T082	C0442519
27716187	1622	1631	residents	T098	C0682287
27716187	1658	1666	optimize	T052	C2698650
27716187	1681	1685	home	T082	C0442519
27716187	1692	1697	study	T062	C0949415
27716187	1722	1734	nursing home	T073,T093	C0028688
27716187	1746	1752	nature	T078	C0349590
27716187	1767	1776	residence	T082	C0237096
27716187	1783	1788	place	T082	C0442504
27716187	1795	1801	people	T098	C0027361
27716187	1824	1832	numerous	T081	C0439064

27716325|t|A scoping review of Australian allied health research in ehealth
27716325|a|Uptake of e-health, the use of information communication technologies (ICT) for health service delivery, in allied health appears to be lagging behind other health care areas, despite offering the potential to address problems with service access by rural and remote Australians. The aim of the study was to conduct a scoping review of studies into the application of or attitudes towards ehealth amongst allied health professionals conducted in Australia. Studies meeting inclusion criteria published from January 2004 to June 2015 were reviewed. Professions included were audiology, dietetics, exercise physiology, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, podiatry, social work, and speech pathology. Terms for these professions and forms of ehealth were combined in databases of CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, PsycINFO (1806 - Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid) and AMED (Ovid). Forty-four studies meeting inclusion criteria were summarised. They were either trials of aspects of ehealth service delivery, or clinician and/or client use of and attitudes towards ehealth. Trials of ehealth were largely from two research groups located at the Universities of Sydney and Queensland; most involved speech pathology and physiotherapy. Assessments through ehealth and intervention outcomes through ehealth were comparable with face-to-face delivery. Clinicians used ICT mostly for managing their work and for professional development, but were reticent about its use in service delivery, which contrasted with the more positive attitudes and experiences of clients. The potential of ehealth to address allied health needs of Australians living in rural and remote Australia appears unrealised. Clinicians may need to embrace ehealth as a means to radicalise practice, rather than replicate existing practices through a different mode of delivery.
27716325	10	16	review	T080	C1709940
27716325	20	30	Australian	T098	C0238711
27716325	31	44	allied health	T078	C0018684
27716325	45	53	research	T062	C0035168
27716325	57	64	ehealth	T058	C1328956
27716325	75	83	e-health	T058	C1328956
27716325	96	134	information communication technologies	T170	C0683867
27716325	136	139	ICT	T170	C0683867
27716325	145	159	health service	T058	C0018747
27716325	160	168	delivery	T169	C1705822
27716325	173	186	allied health	T078	C0018684
27716325	222	233	health care	T058	C0086388
27716325	283	291	problems	T033	C0033213
27716325	297	304	service	T058	C0018747
27716325	315	320	rural	T033	C0240919
27716325	325	331	remote	T082	C0205157
27716325	332	343	Australians	T098	C0238711
27716325	360	365	study	T062	C2603343
27716325	401	408	studies	T062	C2603343
27716325	418	429	application	T169	C4048755
27716325	436	445	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27716325	454	461	ehealth	T058	C1328956
27716325	470	497	allied health professionals	T097	C0002122
27716325	511	520	Australia	T083	C0004340
27716325	522	529	Studies	T062	C2603343
27716325	538	556	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27716325	603	611	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27716325	613	624	Professions	T090	C0028811
27716325	639	648	audiology	T091	C0004285
27716325	650	659	dietetics	T091	C0012180
27716325	661	680	exercise physiology	T091	C1516990
27716325	682	702	occupational therapy	T058	C1318464
27716325	704	717	physiotherapy	T061	C0949766
27716325	719	727	podiatry	T091	C0032331
27716325	729	740	social work	T090	C0037441
27716325	746	762	speech pathology	T091	C0080355
27716325	780	791	professions	T090	C0028811
27716325	805	812	ehealth	T058	C1328956
27716325	830	839	databases	T170	C0242356
27716325	843	849	CINAHL	T170	C0242356
27716325	859	875	Cochrane Library	T170	C0242356
27716325	877	885	PsycINFO	T170	C1140129
27716325	901	908	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
27716325	920	924	AMED	T170	C0242356
27716325	944	951	studies	T062	C2603343
27716325	960	978	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27716325	1013	1019	trials	T062	C0681815
27716325	1034	1041	ehealth	T058	C1328956
27716325	1042	1049	service	T058	C0018747
27716325	1050	1058	delivery	T169	C1705822
27716325	1063	1072	clinician	T097	C0871685
27716325	1080	1086	client	T096	C0008942
27716325	1098	1107	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27716325	1116	1123	ehealth	T058	C1328956
27716325	1125	1131	Trials	T062	C0681815
27716325	1135	1142	ehealth	T058	C1328956
27716325	1165	1173	research	T062	C0035168
27716325	1196	1208	Universities	T073,T092	C0041740
27716325	1212	1218	Sydney	T083	C0017446
27716325	1223	1233	Queensland	T083	C0034391
27716325	1249	1265	speech pathology	T091	C0080355
27716325	1270	1283	physiotherapy	T061	C0949766
27716325	1285	1296	Assessments	T058	C0220825
27716325	1305	1312	ehealth	T058	C1328956
27716325	1317	1329	intervention	T061	C0184661
27716325	1330	1338	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27716325	1347	1354	ehealth	T058	C1328956
27716325	1389	1397	delivery	T169	C1705822
27716325	1399	1409	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
27716325	1415	1418	ICT	T170	C0683867
27716325	1445	1449	work	T057	C0043227
27716325	1458	1482	professional development	T057	C0871147
27716325	1519	1526	service	T058	C0018747
27716325	1527	1535	delivery	T169	C1705822
27716325	1577	1586	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27716325	1591	1602	experiences	T041	C0596545
27716325	1606	1613	clients	T096	C0008942
27716325	1632	1639	ehealth	T058	C1328956
27716325	1651	1664	allied health	T078	C0018684
27716325	1674	1685	Australians	T098	C0238711
27716325	1696	1701	rural	T033	C0240919
27716325	1706	1712	remote	T082	C0205157
27716325	1713	1722	Australia	T083	C0004340
27716325	1743	1753	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
27716325	1774	1781	ehealth	T058	C1328956
27716325	1807	1815	practice	T057	C0033284
27716325	1848	1857	practices	T057	C0033284
27716325	1886	1894	delivery	T169	C1705822

27716352|t|Integrating one health in national health policies of developing countries: India's lost opportunities
27716352|a|Globally, the threat of infectious diseases, particularly emerging infectious diseases, originating at the human - animal - environment interface, has caught health systems off guard. With forecasts that future pathogen emergence will be centred in hotspots in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, the need to prepare policy frameworks that can combat this threat is urgent. Emergence of diseases such as avian influenza and Ebola virus disease, which threatened social disruption, have established the need for intersectoral coordination/collaboration. These events led to the initiation of establishing institutionalised collaborative frameworks in India to adopt a One Health approach to disease prevention and control. However, the gains made in influenza control could not be adapted to other infectious diseases. Intersectoral coordination was briefly carried out, more as a reactive response to threats. The systemic failure to sustain such efforts have therefore, only undermined a coordinated response. The recent draft National Health Policy, 2015, has also failed to establish the need for intersectoral coordination in disease control approaches. Neglecting the need to endorse linkages between human health, animal health and husbandry, agriculture, and environmental sectors, has led to duplicative and weak response systems. The absence of health impact assessment with respect to the development agenda in policies, has cast negative effects on the health and wellbeing of man, animal, and the environment. Lack of attention to building core capacity in these critical sectors has further raised challenges in designing and deploying mitigation strategies. With developing countries like India being home to a major portion of the world's poorest livestock farmers, the absence of a policy discourse that endorses the One Health approach in development and health policies is a major hurdle in eliminating poverty and poverty - related diseases. The adoption of One Health approaches in health and related sectoral policies is a critical policy requirement for India and other developing countries. The goal should be to not just establish preparedness plans, but also to encourage a policy environment where assessment and mitigation of downstream impacts of different agenda are incorporated.
27716352	12	22	one health	T091	C4277525
27716352	26	50	national health policies	T170	C0027458
27716352	54	74	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27716352	76	83	India's	T083	C0021201
27716352	103	111	Globally	T080	C2348867
27716352	117	123	threat	T078	C0749385
27716352	127	146	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
27716352	161	189	emerging infectious diseases	T047	C0872315
27716352	191	202	originating	T079	C0439659
27716352	210	215	human	T016	C0086418
27716352	218	224	animal	T008	C0003062
27716352	227	238	environment	T082	C0014406
27716352	239	248	interface	T169	C1704675
27716352	261	275	health systems	T064	C1456613
27716352	314	322	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27716352	323	332	emergence	T047	C0872315
27716352	364	368	Asia	T083	C0003980
27716352	370	376	Africa	T083	C0001737
27716352	382	395	Latin America	T083	C0023122
27716352	417	434	policy frameworks	T170	C0242456
27716352	456	462	threat	T078	C0749385
27716352	466	472	urgent	T079	C0439609
27716352	474	495	Emergence of diseases	T047	C0872315
27716352	504	519	avian influenza	T047	C0016627
27716352	524	543	Ebola virus disease	T047	C0282687
27716352	551	561	threatened	T078	C0749385
27716352	562	568	social	T169	C0728831
27716352	569	579	disruption	T169	C0332453
27716352	586	597	established	T080	C0443211
27716352	611	651	intersectoral coordination/collaboration	T058	C4277663
27716352	659	665	events	T051	C0441471
27716352	677	687	initiation	T169	C1704686
27716352	691	703	establishing	T080	C0443211
27716352	704	721	institutionalised	T033	C0562359
27716352	722	746	collaborative frameworks	T054	C0282116
27716352	750	755	India	T083	C0021201
27716352	767	786	One Health approach	T091	C4277525
27716352	790	820	disease prevention and control	T058	C0085557
27716352	835	840	gains	T081	C1517378
27716352	849	858	influenza	T047	C0021400
27716352	859	866	control	T067	C2239193
27716352	897	916	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
27716352	918	944	Intersectoral coordination	T058	C4277663
27716352	980	988	reactive	T080	C0205332
27716352	1001	1008	threats	T078	C0749385
27716352	1014	1022	systemic	T169	C0205373
27716352	1023	1030	failure	T169	C0231175
27716352	1034	1041	sustain	T169	C0443318
27716352	1089	1100	coordinated	T169	C0700114
27716352	1101	1109	response	T169	C0443286
27716352	1122	1127	draft	T170	C1547277
27716352	1128	1150	National Health Policy	T170	C0027458
27716352	1167	1173	failed	T169	C0231175
27716352	1177	1186	establish	T080	C0443211
27716352	1200	1226	intersectoral coordination	T058	C4277663
27716352	1230	1256	disease control approaches	T058	C0085557
27716352	1289	1297	linkages	T185	C0332280
27716352	1306	1311	human	T016	C0086418
27716352	1312	1318	health	T078	C0018684
27716352	1320	1326	animal	T008	C0003062
27716352	1327	1333	health	T078	C0018684
27716352	1338	1347	husbandry	T090	C0003052
27716352	1349	1360	agriculture	T090	C0001829
27716352	1366	1379	environmental	T082	C0014406
27716352	1380	1387	sectors	T083	C1708237
27716352	1400	1411	duplicative	T169	C0205173
27716352	1416	1437	weak response systems	T033	C0243095
27716352	1443	1450	absence	T169	C0332197
27716352	1454	1478	health impact assessment	T058	C3494320
27716352	1499	1510	development	T169	C1527148
27716352	1511	1517	agenda	T170	C0681473
27716352	1521	1529	policies	T170	C0242456
27716352	1540	1548	negative	T033	C0205160
27716352	1549	1556	effects	T080	C1280500
27716352	1564	1570	health	T078	C0018684
27716352	1575	1591	wellbeing of man	T170	C3813622
27716352	1593	1599	animal	T008	C0003062
27716352	1609	1620	environment	T082	C0014406
27716352	1622	1639	Lack of attention	T033	C1398138
27716352	1657	1665	capacity	T081	C1516240
27716352	1675	1683	critical	T080	C1511545
27716352	1684	1691	sectors	T083	C1708237
27716352	1704	1710	raised	T080	C0442818
27716352	1711	1721	challenges	T058	C0805586
27716352	1739	1748	deploying	T052	C2825812
27716352	1749	1759	mitigation	T067	C1553901
27716352	1760	1770	strategies	T041	C0679199
27716352	1777	1797	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27716352	1803	1808	India	T083	C0021201
27716352	1831	1838	portion	T082	C0449719
27716352	1846	1853	world's	T098	C2700280
27716352	1854	1861	poorest	T080	C0542537
27716352	1862	1879	livestock farmers	T097	C0335415
27716352	1885	1892	absence	T169	C0332197
27716352	1898	1904	policy	T170	C0242456
27716352	1905	1914	discourse	T054	C0009452
27716352	1933	1952	One Health approach	T091	C4277525
27716352	1956	1967	development	T169	C1527148
27716352	1972	1987	health policies	T089	C0018735
27716352	1999	2005	hurdle	T046	C0009566
27716352	2009	2020	eliminating	T052	C1883720
27716352	2021	2028	poverty	T102	C0032854
27716352	2033	2040	poverty	T102	C0032854
27716352	2043	2050	related	T080	C0439849
27716352	2051	2059	diseases	T047	C0012634
27716352	2065	2073	adoption	T080	C0332162
27716352	2077	2098	One Health approaches	T091	C4277525
27716352	2102	2108	health	T078	C0018684
27716352	2121	2129	sectoral	T082	C0439741
27716352	2130	2138	policies	T170	C0242456
27716352	2144	2152	critical	T080	C1511545
27716352	2153	2159	policy	T170	C0242456
27716352	2176	2181	India	T083	C0021201
27716352	2192	2212	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27716352	2245	2254	establish	T080	C0443211
27716352	2255	2267	preparedness	T033	C1318963
27716352	2268	2273	plans	T041	C0032074
27716352	2287	2296	encourage	T169	C1511253
27716352	2299	2317	policy environment	T064	C0282166
27716352	2324	2334	assessment	T058	C0220825
27716352	2339	2349	mitigation	T067	C1553901
27716352	2353	2363	downstream	T082	C0522506
27716352	2364	2371	impacts	T080	C4049986
27716352	2385	2391	agenda	T170	C0681473
27716352	2396	2408	incorporated	T169	C0243126

27717527|t|Association of Traumatic and Atraumatic Posterior Shoulder Instability With Glenoid Retroversion and Outcomes After Arthroscopic Capsulolabral Repair
27717527|a|To compare glenoid retroversion and functional outcomes between patients with traumatic onset of posterior shoulder instability (PSI) and patients with atraumatic onset of PSI. Patients with PSI who underwent arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral anchor repair, were active in sports, and had undergone surgery a minimum of 2 years earlier were included. Traumatic onset was defined as PSI that occurred after a trauma with the shoulder in adduction, flexion, and internal rotation in patients with no history of instability. Subjective evaluations were obtained with the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES); Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE); and Short Form 12 Physical Component Summary scores preoperatively and after a minimum 2-year follow-up postoperatively. Additional questions assessed return to sport and shoulder stability. Glenoid version was measured with a 2-dimensional glenoid vault method on magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 41 shoulders in 38 patients were eligible for inclusion (3 female and 35 male patients; mean age, 27.6 years; age range, 13 to 66 years). Three patients refused participation, and 2 patients required subsequent surgery for failure. Postoperative outcomes were available for 32 of the remaining 36 shoulders (89%) with a mean follow-up of 4.1 years (range, 2.0 to 7.8 years; 20 atraumatic and 12 traumatic). The ASES score improved significantly in both groups (P < .03), whereas the SANE; Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand; and Short Form 12 Physical Component Summary scores only significantly improved for patients with traumatic PSI (P < .02). Baseline score-adjusted comparison between groups showed that the postoperative median ASES scores (atraumatic, 95.8; traumatic, 99.9) and SANE scores (atraumatic, 86.5; traumatic, 98.0) were significantly more improved in patients with traumatic PSI (P = .01 and P = .012, respectively). Atraumatic PSI was associated with significantly higher glenoid retroversion (-21.8° ± 4.2° vs -17.7° ± 5.5°, P = .032). There was no significant difference regarding return to sport (P = .375) or postoperative re-dislocations (P = .99) between the groups. Atraumatic onset of PSI was associated with higher degrees of glenoid retroversion and less favorable functional outcomes of arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral anchor repair than traumatic PSI. Level III, retrospective case-control study.
27717527	15	39	Traumatic and Atraumatic	T037	C3263722
27717527	40	70	Posterior Shoulder Instability	T033	C2176564
27717527	76	83	Glenoid	T030	C1261046
27717527	84	96	Retroversion	T046	C3179000
27717527	116	149	Arthroscopic Capsulolabral Repair	T061	C0845603
27717527	161	168	glenoid	T030	C1261046
27717527	169	181	retroversion	T046	C3179000
27717527	214	222	patients	T101	C0030705
27717527	228	243	traumatic onset	T037	C3714660
27717527	247	277	posterior shoulder instability	T033	C2176564
27717527	279	282	PSI	T033	C2176564
27717527	288	296	patients	T101	C0030705
27717527	302	318	atraumatic onset	T037	C3263722
27717527	322	325	PSI	T033	C2176564
27717527	327	335	Patients	T101	C0030705
27717527	341	344	PSI	T033	C2176564
27717527	359	409	arthroscopic posterior capsulolabral anchor repair	T061	C0845603
27717527	416	432	active in sports	T097	C0238703
27717527	452	459	surgery	T061	C0543467
27717527	504	519	Traumatic onset	T037	C3714660
27717527	535	538	PSI	T033	C2176564
27717527	561	585	trauma with the shoulder	UnknownType	C0221651
27717527	589	598	adduction	T169	C0231457
27717527	600	607	flexion	T042	C0231452
27717527	613	630	internal rotation	T169	C0231459
27717527	634	642	patients	T101	C0030705
27717527	662	673	instability	T033	C2176564
27717527	721	757	American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons	T170	C0282574
27717527	759	763	ASES	T170	C0282574
27717527	766	814	Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand	T201	C2919793
27717527	816	859	Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE)	T170	C0282574
27717527	865	912	Short Form 12 Physical Component Summary scores	T170	C1519135
27717527	955	964	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27717527	965	980	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27717527	1012	1027	return to sport	T080	C4042817
27717527	1032	1050	shoulder stability	T033	C0575623
27717527	1052	1059	Glenoid	T030	C1261046
27717527	1060	1067	version	T082	C2607870
27717527	1088	1122	2-dimensional glenoid vault method	T060	C0430022
27717527	1126	1152	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27717527	1168	1177	shoulders	T029	C0037004
27717527	1184	1192	patients	T101	C0030705
27717527	1224	1230	female	T098	C0043210
27717527	1238	1242	male	T098	C0025266
27717527	1243	1251	patients	T101	C0030705
27717527	1309	1317	patients	T101	C0030705
27717527	1347	1355	patients	T101	C0030705
27717527	1376	1383	surgery	T061	C0543467
27717527	1397	1410	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
27717527	1462	1471	shoulders	T029	C0037004
27717527	1490	1499	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27717527	1542	1552	atraumatic	T037	C3263722
27717527	1560	1569	traumatic	T037	C3263723
27717527	1576	1586	ASES score	T170	C0282574
27717527	1618	1624	groups	T098	C1257890
27717527	1648	1652	SANE	T170	C0282574
27717527	1654	1702	Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand	T201	C2919793
27717527	1708	1755	Short Form 12 Physical Component Summary scores	T170	C1519135
27717527	1788	1796	patients	T101	C0030705
27717527	1802	1811	traumatic	T037	C3263723
27717527	1812	1815	PSI	T033	C2176564
27717527	1870	1876	groups	T098	C1257890
27717527	1893	1906	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27717527	1907	1925	median ASES scores	T170	C0282574
27717527	1927	1937	atraumatic	T037	C3263722
27717527	1945	1954	traumatic	T037	C3263723
27717527	1966	1977	SANE scores	T170	C0282574
27717527	1979	1989	atraumatic	T037	C3263722
27717527	1997	2006	traumatic	T037	C3263723
27717527	2050	2058	patients	T101	C0030705
27717527	2064	2073	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27717527	2074	2077	PSI	T033	C2176564
27717527	2116	2126	Atraumatic	T037	C3263722
27717527	2127	2130	PSI	T033	C2176564
27717527	2151	2164	significantly	T078	C0750502
27717527	2172	2179	glenoid	T030	C1261046
27717527	2180	2192	retroversion	T046	C3179000
27717527	2247	2261	no significant	T033	C1273937
27717527	2283	2298	return to sport	T080	C4042817
27717527	2313	2326	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27717527	2327	2342	re-dislocations	T037	C0037005
27717527	2365	2371	groups	T098	C1257890
27717527	2393	2396	PSI	T033	C2176564
27717527	2435	2442	glenoid	T030	C1261046
27717527	2443	2455	retroversion	T046	C3179000
27717527	2554	2563	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27717527	2564	2567	PSI	T033	C2176564
27717527	2569	2593	Level III, retrospective	T062	C0035363
27717527	2594	2612	case-control study	T062	C0007328

27717775|t|The Effect of l-Arginine on Dural Healing After Experimentally Induced Dural Defect in a Rat Model
27717775|a|Incomplete repair of the dura mater may result in numerous complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and meningitis. For this reason, accurate repair of the dura mater is essential. In this study, the effect of systemic and local supplementation of l-arginine on dural healing was evaluated. Thirty male Wistar rats were used and divided into control, local, and systemic l-arginine groups, with 10 rats in each. In each group, a 5-mm experimental incision was made at the lumbar segment of the dura mater and cerebrospinal fluid leakage was induced. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups and at the end of the first and sixth weeks, the rats were killed and the damaged segments of the dura were separated, histologically evaluated and the dural healing indicators including cell types, granulation tissue formation, collagen deposit, and vascularization were compared between groups. The systematic supplementation of l-arginine showed a significant effect in dural healing compared with the control group. After the first week, granulation formation increased considerably (P < 0.031), and after 6 weeks, collagen deposition and neovascularization were significantly different compared with the control group (P < 0.030; P < 0.009). In comparison between different groups at the end of the first and sixth weeks, maximum changes in healing indicators were observed in the systemic group and the least variations were related to the control group. The systemic supplementation of l-arginine may accelerate dural healing by increasing the level of granulation tissue formation, collagen deposition, and vascularization.
27717775	4	10	Effect	T080	C1280500
27717775	14	24	l-Arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27717775	28	41	Dural Healing	T040	C0043240
27717775	63	70	Induced	T169	C0205263
27717775	71	76	Dural	T023	C0013313
27717775	77	83	Defect	T169	C1457869
27717775	89	92	Rat	T015	C0034693
27717775	93	98	Model	T075	C0026339
27717775	99	109	Incomplete	T080	C0205257
27717775	110	116	repair	T040	C0043240
27717775	124	134	dura mater	T023	C0013313
27717775	139	145	result	T169	C1274040
27717775	149	157	numerous	T081	C0439064
27717775	158	171	complications	T046	C0009566
27717775	180	207	cerebrospinal fluid leakage	T047	C0023182
27717775	212	222	meningitis	T047	C0025289
27717775	241	249	accurate	T080	C0443131
27717775	250	256	repair	T040	C0043240
27717775	264	274	dura mater	T023	C0013313
27717775	278	287	essential	T080	C0205224
27717775	308	314	effect	T080	C1280500
27717775	318	326	systemic	T169	C0205373
27717775	331	336	local	T082	C0205276
27717775	337	352	supplementation	T169	C2348609
27717775	356	366	l-arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27717775	370	383	dural healing	T040	C0043240
27717775	406	410	male	T032	C0086582
27717775	411	422	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27717775	437	444	divided	T169	C0332849
27717775	450	457	control	T096	C0009932
27717775	459	464	local	T082	C0205276
27717775	470	478	systemic	T169	C0205373
27717775	479	489	l-arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27717775	490	496	groups	T078	C0441833
27717775	506	510	rats	T015	C0034716
27717775	528	533	group	T078	C0441833
27717775	542	563	experimental incision	T061	C0184898
27717775	580	612	lumbar segment of the dura mater	T029	C2330954
27717775	617	644	cerebrospinal fluid leakage	T047	C0023182
27717775	649	656	induced	T169	C0205263
27717775	663	668	group	T078	C0441833
27717775	673	680	divided	T169	C0332849
27717775	688	697	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27717775	736	741	weeks	T079	C0439230
27717775	747	751	rats	T015	C0034716
27717775	757	763	killed	T058	C0015187
27717775	772	779	damaged	T169	C1883709
27717775	780	788	segments	T082	C0441635
27717775	796	800	dura	T023	C0013313
27717775	806	815	separated	T080	C0443299
27717775	817	831	histologically	T169	C0205462
27717775	850	863	dural healing	T040	C0043240
27717775	864	874	indicators	T169	C1522602
27717775	885	895	cell types	T025	C0007634
27717775	897	915	granulation tissue	T024	C0018180
27717775	916	925	formation	T169	C1522492
27717775	927	935	collagen	T116	C0009325
27717775	936	943	deposit	T169	C0333562
27717775	949	964	vascularization	T169	C0042382
27717775	970	978	compared	T052	C1707455
27717775	987	993	groups	T078	C0441833
27717775	999	1009	systematic	T169	C0220922
27717775	1010	1025	supplementation	T169	C2348609
27717775	1029	1039	l-arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27717775	1049	1060	significant	T078	C0750502
27717775	1061	1067	effect	T080	C1280500
27717775	1071	1084	dural healing	T040	C0043240
27717775	1085	1093	compared	T052	C1707455
27717775	1103	1116	control group	T096	C0009932
27717775	1134	1138	week	T079	C0439230
27717775	1140	1151	granulation	T024	C0018180
27717775	1152	1161	formation	T169	C1522492
27717775	1162	1171	increased	T081	C0205217
27717775	1210	1215	weeks	T079	C0439230
27717775	1217	1225	collagen	T116	C0009325
27717775	1226	1236	deposition	T169	C0333562
27717775	1241	1259	neovascularization	T046	C0027686
27717775	1279	1288	different	T080	C1705242
27717775	1289	1297	compared	T052	C1707455
27717775	1307	1320	control group	T096	C0009932
27717775	1348	1358	comparison	T052	C1707455
27717775	1367	1376	different	T080	C1705242
27717775	1377	1383	groups	T078	C0441833
27717775	1418	1423	weeks	T079	C0439230
27717775	1425	1432	maximum	T081	C0806909
27717775	1433	1440	changes	T169	C0392747
27717775	1444	1451	healing	T040	C0043240
27717775	1452	1462	indicators	T169	C1522602
27717775	1468	1476	observed	T169	C1441672
27717775	1484	1492	systemic	T169	C0205373
27717775	1493	1498	group	T078	C0441833
27717775	1513	1523	variations	T080	C0205419
27717775	1544	1557	control group	T096	C0009932
27717775	1563	1571	systemic	T169	C0205373
27717775	1572	1587	supplementation	T169	C2348609
27717775	1591	1601	l-arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27717775	1606	1616	accelerate	T169	C0521110
27717775	1617	1630	dural healing	T040	C0043240
27717775	1634	1644	increasing	T169	C0442808
27717775	1649	1654	level	T080	C0441889
27717775	1658	1676	granulation tissue	T024	C0018180
27717775	1677	1686	formation	T169	C1522492
27717775	1688	1696	collagen	T116	C0009325
27717775	1697	1707	deposition	T169	C0333562
27717775	1713	1728	vascularization	T169	C0042382

27717972|t|Assessment of demographic and pathoanatomic risk factors in recurrent patellofemoral instability
27717972|a|The WARPS/STAID classification employs clinical assessment of presenting features and anatomic characteristics to identify two distinct subsets of patients within the patellofemoral instability population. The purpose of this study was to further define the specific demographics and the prevalence of risky pathoanatomies in patients classified as either WARPS or STAID presenting with recurrent patellofemoral instability. A secondary purpose was to further validate the WARPS/STAID classification with the Banff Patella Instability Instrument (BPII), the Marx activity scale and the Patellar Instability Severity Score (ISS). A convenience sample of 50 patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability, including 25 WARPS and 25 STAID subtype patients, were assessed. Clinical data were collected including assessment of demographic risk factors (sex, BMI, bilaterality of symptoms, affected limb side and age at first dislocation) and pathoanatomic risk factors (TT-TG distance, patella height, patellar tilt, grade of trochlear dysplasia, Beighton score and rotational abnormalities of the tibia or femur). Patients completed the BPII and the Marx activity scale. The ISS was calculated from the clinical assessment data. Patients were stratified into the WARPS or STAID subtypes for comparative analysis. An independent t test was used to compare demographics, the pathoanatomic risk factors and subjective measures between the groups. Convergent validity was tested with a Pearson r correlation coefficient between the WARPS/STAID and ISS scores. Demographic risk factors statistically associated with a WARPS subtype included female sex, age at first dislocation and bilaterality. Pathoanatomic risk factors statistically associated with a WARPS subtype included trochlear dysplasia, TT-TG distance, generalized ligamentous laxity, patellar tilt and rotational abnormalities. The independent t test revealed a significant difference between the ISS scores: WARPS subtype (M = 4.4, SD = 1.1) and STAID subtype (M = 2.5, SD = 1.5); t(48) = 5.2, p < 0.001. The relationship between the WARPS/STAID and the ISS scores, measured using a Pearson r correlation coefficient, demonstrated a strong relationship: r = -0.61, n = 50, p < 0.001. This study has demonstrated statistically significant evidence that certain demographics and pathoanatomies are more prevalent in each of the WARPS and STAID patellofemoral instability subtypes. There was no difference in quality-of-life or activity level between the subtypes. The WARPS/STAID score demonstrated convergent validity to the ISS and divergent validity to the BPII score and the Marx activity scale. This study has further validated both the WARPS/STAID classification and the ISS of patients that present with recurrent patellofemoral instability. III.
27717972	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27717972	14	25	demographic	T078	C0011292
27717972	30	56	pathoanatomic risk factors	T033	C0035648
27717972	60	69	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27717972	70	84	patellofemoral	T030	C0447801
27717972	85	96	instability	T033	C0022410
27717972	101	127	WARPS/STAID classification	T185	C0008902
27717972	136	144	clinical	T080	C0205210
27717972	145	155	assessment	T058	C0220825
27717972	170	178	features	T080	C2348519
27717972	183	191	anatomic	T080	C0220784
27717972	192	207	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27717972	233	240	subsets	T185	C1515021
27717972	244	252	patients	T101	C0030705
27717972	264	290	patellofemoral instability	T033	C0427262
27717972	291	301	population	T101	C0030705
27717972	307	328	purpose of this study	UnknownType	C0681832
27717972	364	376	demographics	T185	C1698647
27717972	385	395	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27717972	399	404	risky	T080	C1444641
27717972	405	419	pathoanatomies	T080	C1384516
27717972	423	431	patients	T101	C0030705
27717972	453	458	WARPS	T185	C0008902
27717972	462	467	STAID	T185	C0008902
27717972	484	493	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27717972	494	508	patellofemoral	T030	C0447801
27717972	509	520	instability	T033	C0022410
27717972	570	596	WARPS/STAID classification	T185	C0008902
27717972	606	642	Banff Patella Instability Instrument	T170	C0282574
27717972	644	648	BPII	T170	C0282574
27717972	655	674	Marx activity scale	T170	C0282574
27717972	683	691	Patellar	T023	C0030647
27717972	692	718	Instability Severity Score	T170	C0021504
27717972	720	723	ISS	T170	C0021504
27717972	753	761	patients	T101	C0030705
27717972	767	776	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27717972	777	791	patellofemoral	T030	C0447801
27717972	792	803	instability	T033	C0022410
27717972	818	823	WARPS	T185	C0008902
27717972	831	844	STAID subtype	T185	C0008902
27717972	845	853	patients	T101	C0030705
27717972	860	868	assessed	T052	C1516048
27717972	870	883	Clinical data	T170	C1516606
27717972	909	919	assessment	T058	C0220825
27717972	923	934	demographic	T078	C0011292
27717972	935	947	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27717972	949	952	sex	T032	C0079399
27717972	954	957	BMI	T201	C1305855
27717972	959	971	bilaterality	T082	C0238767
27717972	975	983	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27717972	985	993	affected	T082	C0449642
27717972	994	1003	limb side	T023	C0015385
27717972	1008	1011	age	T032	C0001779
27717972	1021	1032	dislocation	T037	C0856775
27717972	1038	1064	pathoanatomic risk factors	T033	C0035648
27717972	1066	1080	TT-TG distance	T081	C0012751
27717972	1082	1089	patella	T023	C0030647
27717972	1090	1096	height	T032	C1317145
27717972	1113	1118	grade	T185	C0441800
27717972	1122	1141	trochlear dysplasia	T047	C4274287
27717972	1143	1157	Beighton score	T033	C4273179
27717972	1162	1186	rotational abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27717972	1194	1199	tibia	T023	C0040184
27717972	1203	1208	femur	T023	C0015811
27717972	1211	1219	Patients	T101	C0030705
27717972	1234	1238	BPII	T170	C0282574
27717972	1247	1266	Marx activity scale	T170	C0282574
27717972	1272	1275	ISS	T170	C0021504
27717972	1280	1290	calculated	T059	C1443182
27717972	1300	1324	clinical assessment data	T170	C1516606
27717972	1326	1334	Patients	T101	C0030705
27717972	1360	1365	WARPS	T185	C0008902
27717972	1369	1383	STAID subtypes	T185	C0008902
27717972	1388	1408	comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
27717972	1425	1431	t test	T170	C0871472
27717972	1452	1464	demographics	T185	C1698647
27717972	1470	1496	pathoanatomic risk factors	T033	C0035648
27717972	1533	1539	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27717972	1541	1560	Convergent validity	T080	C1510594
27717972	1579	1612	Pearson r correlation coefficient	T081	C0871052
27717972	1625	1636	WARPS/STAID	T081	C0457451
27717972	1641	1651	ISS scores	T170	C0021504
27717972	1653	1677	Demographic risk factors	T078	C0011292
27717972	1692	1707	associated with	T080	C0332281
27717972	1710	1723	WARPS subtype	T185	C0008902
27717972	1733	1743	female sex	T032	C0086287
27717972	1745	1748	age	T032	C0001779
27717972	1758	1769	dislocation	T037	C0856775
27717972	1774	1786	bilaterality	T082	C0238767
27717972	1788	1814	Pathoanatomic risk factors	T033	C0035648
27717972	1829	1844	associated with	T080	C0332281
27717972	1847	1860	WARPS subtype	T185	C0008902
27717972	1870	1889	trochlear dysplasia	T047	C4274287
27717972	1891	1905	TT-TG distance	T081	C0012751
27717972	1919	1937	ligamentous laxity	T046	C0158359
27717972	1957	1981	rotational abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27717972	1999	2005	t test	T170	C0871472
27717972	2052	2055	ISS	T170	C0021504
27717972	2064	2077	WARPS subtype	T185	C0008902
27717972	2102	2115	STAID subtype	T185	C0008902
27717972	2165	2177	relationship	T080	C0439849
27717972	2190	2201	WARPS/STAID	T081	C0457451
27717972	2210	2220	ISS scores	T170	C0021504
27717972	2239	2272	Pearson r correlation coefficient	T081	C0871052
27717972	2296	2308	relationship	T080	C0439849
27717972	2345	2350	study	T062	C0008972
27717972	2368	2393	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27717972	2394	2402	evidence	T078	C3887511
27717972	2416	2428	demographics	T185	C1698647
27717972	2433	2447	pathoanatomies	T080	C1384516
27717972	2482	2487	WARPS	T185	C0008902
27717972	2492	2497	STAID	T185	C0008902
27717972	2498	2512	patellofemoral	T030	C0447801
27717972	2513	2524	instability	T033	C0022410
27717972	2525	2533	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27717972	2562	2577	quality-of-life	T078	C0034380
27717972	2581	2595	activity level	T033	C0683317
27717972	2608	2616	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27717972	2622	2639	WARPS/STAID score	T081	C0457451
27717972	2653	2672	convergent validity	T080	C1510594
27717972	2680	2683	ISS	T170	C0021504
27717972	2688	2706	divergent validity	T081	C2349101
27717972	2714	2724	BPII score	T170	C0282574
27717972	2733	2752	Marx activity scale	T170	C0282574
27717972	2759	2764	study	T062	C0008972
27717972	2796	2822	WARPS/STAID classification	T185	C0008902
27717972	2831	2834	ISS	T170	C0021504
27717972	2838	2846	patients	T101	C0030705
27717972	2865	2874	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27717972	2875	2889	patellofemoral	T030	C0447801
27717972	2890	2901	instability	T033	C0022410

27718023|t|Expression of caspase 3 in ovarian follicle cells of the lizard Podarcis sicula
27718023|a|In this study, our aim was to determine whether caspase 3 plays a role, during previtellogenesis, in the ovarian follicular epithelium of the lizard Podarcis sicula. We investigated the presence and localization of proform and active caspase 3 by enzyme assay, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. In parallel, a fragment of caspase 3 was cloned for the first time in this species, sequenced and used for in situ hybridization to localize messengers and analysed by a phylogenetic survey to shed light on its homology with reptilian caspases. Results demonstrated that: (1) the follicle cells expressed a caspase of the 3/7 group and the mRNA for caspase 3 was transcribed in the stem phase and was completely translated during cell differentiation; (2) the proform protein was stored during the differentiated (nurse) stage and activated at the end of previtellogenesis provoking the degeneration of cells; (3) the predicted protein sequence, although partial, had a strong similarity with the known reptilian caspases 3. The epithelial cells of the ovarian follicle, therefore, do not employ caspase 3 during the nurse stage but, instead, prepare for apoptosis long before the process actually begins. The relevance of this strategy is discussed.
27718023	0	10	Expression	T045	C1171362
27718023	14	23	caspase 3	T116,T126	C0291573
27718023	27	43	ovarian follicle	T023	C0018120
27718023	44	49	cells	T025	C0007634
27718023	57	63	lizard	T014	C0023916
27718023	64	79	Podarcis sicula	T014	C1025381
27718023	128	137	caspase 3	T116,T126	C0291573
27718023	159	176	previtellogenesis	T042	C0042895
27718023	185	192	ovarian	T023	C0205065
27718023	193	214	follicular epithelium	T024	C0040300
27718023	222	228	lizard	T014	C0023916
27718023	229	244	Podarcis sicula	T014	C1025381
27718023	279	291	localization	T169	C0475264
27718023	314	323	caspase 3	T116,T126	C0291573
27718023	327	339	enzyme assay	T059	C2717977
27718023	341	357	Western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27718023	362	381	immunocytochemistry	T059	C0242349
27718023	398	406	fragment	T080	C1708096
27718023	410	419	caspase 3	T028	C1413132
27718023	424	430	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
27718023	458	465	species	T185	C1705920
27718023	467	476	sequenced	T169	C1561491
27718023	490	511	in situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
27718023	515	523	localize	T082	C0392752
27718023	524	534	messengers	UnknownType	C0815028
27718023	553	572	phylogenetic survey	T062	C1519068
27718023	594	602	homology	T080	C2697616
27718023	608	617	reptilian	T014	C0035161
27718023	618	626	caspases	T116,T126	C0010656
27718023	663	671	follicle	T023	C1571705
27718023	672	677	cells	T025	C0007634
27718023	678	687	expressed	T045	C1171362
27718023	690	697	caspase	T116,T126	C0010656
27718023	723	727	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27718023	732	741	caspase 3	T116,T126	C0291573
27718023	746	757	transcribed	T045	C0040649
27718023	765	775	stem phase	T079	C0205390
27718023	795	805	translated	T044	C0597295
27718023	813	833	cell differentiation	T043	C0007589
27718023	843	858	proform protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27718023	881	909	differentiated (nurse) stage	T080	C0205615
27718023	914	923	activated	T045	C0599177
27718023	938	955	previtellogenesis	T042	C0042895
27718023	970	991	degeneration of cells	T046	C0333467
27718023	1011	1027	protein sequence	T087	C0002518
27718023	1086	1095	reptilian	T014	C0035161
27718023	1096	1106	caspases 3	T116,T126	C0291573
27718023	1112	1128	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27718023	1136	1152	ovarian follicle	T023	C0018120
27718023	1179	1188	caspase 3	T116,T126	C0291573
27718023	1200	1211	nurse stage	T080	C0205615
27718023	1238	1247	apoptosis	T043	C0162638

27718505|t|Optimization of techniques for multiple platform testing in small, precious samples such as human chorionic villus sampling
27718505|a|Multiple testing to understand global changes in gene expression based on genetic and epigenetic modifications is evolving. Chorionic villi, obtained for prenatal testing, is limited, but can be used to understand ongoing human pregnancies. However, optimal storage, processing and utilization of CVS for multiple platform testing have not been established. Leftover CVS samples were flash-frozen or preserved in RNAlater. Modifications to standard isolation kits were performed to isolate quality DNA and RNA from samples as small as 2-5 mg. RNAlater samples had significantly higher RNA yields and quality and were successfully used in microarray and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). RNA-seq libraries generated using 200 versus 800-ng RNA showed similar biological coefficients of variation. RNAlater samples had lower DNA yields and quality, which improved by heating the elution buffer to 70 °C. Purification of DNA was not necessary for bisulfite-conversion and genome-wide methylation profiling. CVS cells were propagated and continue to express genes found in freshly isolated chorionic villi. CVS samples preserved in RNAlater are superior. Our optimized techniques provide specimens for genetic, epigenetic and gene expression studies from a single small sample which can be used to develop diagnostics and treatments using a systems biology approach in the prenatal period. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
27718505	0	12	Optimization	T052	C2698650
27718505	16	26	techniques	T169	C0449851
27718505	31	39	multiple	T081	C0439064
27718505	40	56	platform testing	T060	C0430678
27718505	76	83	samples	T167	C0370003
27718505	92	97	human	T016	C0086418
27718505	98	123	chorionic villus sampling	T060	C0008509
27718505	124	132	Multiple	T081	C0439064
27718505	133	140	testing	T060	C0430678
27718505	162	169	changes	T169	C0392747
27718505	173	188	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27718505	198	205	genetic	T049	C1705285
27718505	210	220	epigenetic	T045	C1516924
27718505	221	234	modifications	T045	C1158479
27718505	248	263	Chorionic villi	T018	C0008508
27718505	278	294	prenatal testing	T058	C1456692
27718505	346	351	human	T016	C0086418
27718505	352	363	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27718505	382	389	storage	T169	C1698986
27718505	421	424	CVS	T060	C0008509
27718505	429	437	multiple	T081	C0439064
27718505	438	454	platform testing	T060	C0430678
27718505	491	494	CVS	T060	C0008509
27718505	495	502	samples	T167	C0370003
27718505	508	520	flash-frozen	T068	C1550579
27718505	537	545	RNAlater	T130	C1882529
27718505	614	621	quality	T080	C0332306
27718505	622	625	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27718505	630	633	RNA	T114	C0035668
27718505	639	646	samples	T167	C0370003
27718505	667	675	RNAlater	T130	C1882529
27718505	676	683	samples	T167	C0370003
27718505	709	712	RNA	T114	C0035668
27718505	713	719	yields	T081	C0392762
27718505	724	731	quality	T080	C0332306
27718505	762	772	microarray	T073	C1709016
27718505	777	791	RNA-sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
27718505	793	800	RNA-seq	T059,T063	C0917793
27718505	803	810	RNA-seq	T086	C0162327
27718505	811	820	libraries	T028	C0599776
27718505	855	858	RNA	T114	C0035668
27718505	874	897	biological coefficients	T081	C1707429
27718505	912	920	RNAlater	T130	C1882529
27718505	921	928	samples	T167	C0370003
27718505	939	942	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27718505	943	949	yields	T081	C0392762
27718505	954	961	quality	T080	C0332306
27718505	1001	1007	buffer	T121,T130	C0006353
27718505	1018	1037	Purification of DNA	T059	C0872148
27718505	1060	1080	bisulfite-conversion	T063	C3831347
27718505	1085	1118	genome-wide methylation profiling	T063	C1880239
27718505	1120	1123	CVS	T060	C0008509
27718505	1124	1129	cells	T025	C0007634
27718505	1170	1175	genes	T028	C0017337
27718505	1202	1217	chorionic villi	T018	C0008508
27718505	1219	1222	CVS	T060	C0008509
27718505	1223	1230	samples	T167	C0370003
27718505	1244	1252	RNAlater	T130	C1882529
27718505	1271	1280	optimized	T052	C2698650
27718505	1281	1291	techniques	T169	C0449851
27718505	1300	1309	specimens	T167	C0370003
27718505	1314	1321	genetic	T062	C2827447
27718505	1323	1333	epigenetic	T091	C1655731
27718505	1338	1353	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27718505	1354	1361	studies	T062	C2603343
27718505	1382	1388	sample	T167	C0370003
27718505	1382	1388	sample	T167	C0370003
27718505	1418	1429	diagnostics	T060	C0086143
27718505	1434	1444	treatments	T061	C0087111
27718505	1453	1468	systems biology	T091	C1450477
27718505	1485	1500	prenatal period	UnknownType	C0815085

27718772|t|Relationship Between Frequent Recreational Cannabis (Marijuana and Hashish) Use and Periodontitis in Adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2012
27718772|a|Recreational use of cannabis, following its legalization in some countries, poses emergent oral and periodontal health concerns. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between frequent recreational cannabis (FRC) (marijuana and hashish) use and periodontitis prevalence among adults in the United States. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011 to 2012 were analyzed. Primary outcome (periodontitis) was defined using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention / American Academy of Periodontology classification as well as continuous measurements of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (AL). Exposure of interest was self-reported cannabis use, defined as " FRC use " versus " non-FRC use ." Bivariate and multivariable regression models were performed using the entire analytical sample (model 1) as well as those who had never used tobacco (never-users) (model 2). Of 1,938 participants with available cannabis use data and essential covariates, 26.8% were FRC users. Mean number of sites per participant with PD ≥4, ≥6, and ≥8 mm and AL ≥3, ≥5, and ≥8 mm was significantly higher among FRC users than among non-FRC users (mean difference in number of PD sites: 6.9, 5.6, and 5.6; P <0.05; mean difference in number of AL sites: 12.7, 7.6, and 5.6; P <0.05). Average AL was higher among FRC users than among non-FRC users (1.8 versus 1.6 mm; P = 0.004). Bivariate analysis revealed positive (harmful) association between FRC use and severe periodontitis in the entire sample (odds ratio [OR]: 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3 to 2.4; P = 0.002) as well as in never-smokers (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2 to 3.5; P = 0.01). This association was retained in multivariable models adjusted for demographics (age, sex, race / ethnicity, and income level), alcohol and tobacco use, diabetes mellitus, and past periodontal treatment (model 1: adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.9; P = 0.07; model 2: aOR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1 to 3.2; P = 0.03). FRC use is associated with deeper P D s, more clinical AL, and higher odds of having severe periodontitis.
27718772	30	42	Recreational	T048	C0013146
27718772	43	51	Cannabis	T048	C0006868
27718772	53	62	Marijuana	T048	C0024809
27718772	67	79	Hashish) Use	T047	C0018614
27718772	84	97	Periodontitis	T047	C0031099
27718772	101	107	Adults	T100	C0001675
27718772	115	128	United States	T083	C0041703
27718772	130	178	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0376344
27718772	192	208	Recreational use	T048	C0013146
27718772	212	220	cannabis	T048	C0006868
27718772	236	248	legalization	T089	C0237704
27718772	257	266	countries	T083	C0454664
27718772	283	287	oral	T058	C0029162
27718772	292	310	periodontal health	T058	C1254363
27718772	397	409	recreational	T048	C0013146
27718772	410	418	cannabis	T048	C0006868
27718772	420	423	FRC	T048	C0006868
27718772	426	435	marijuana	T048	C0024809
27718772	440	452	hashish) use	T047	C0018614
27718772	457	470	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
27718772	488	494	adults	T100	C0001675
27718772	502	515	United States	T083	C0041703
27718772	531	579	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0376344
27718772	581	587	NHANES	T062	C0376344
27718772	634	647	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
27718772	671	713	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	T093	C0007670
27718772	716	750	American Academy of Periodontology	T094	C1879693
27718772	751	765	classification	T185	C0008902
27718772	804	817	probing depth	T081	C1317646
27718772	819	821	PD	T081	C1317646
27718772	827	851	clinical attachment loss	T047	C0206114
27718772	853	855	AL	T047	C0206114
27718772	883	896	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27718772	897	909	cannabis use	T048	C0006868
27718772	924	931	FRC use	T048	C0006868
27718772	943	954	non-FRC use	T033	C0243095
27718772	958	967	Bivariate	UnknownType	C0681927
27718772	972	1003	multivariable regression models	T081	C0026777
27718772	1100	1107	tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
27718772	1109	1120	never-users	T033	C0243095
27718772	1142	1154	participants	T098	C0679646
27718772	1170	1182	cannabis use	T048	C0006868
27718772	1225	1234	FRC users	T048	C0006868
27718772	1261	1272	participant	T098	C0679646
27718772	1278	1280	PD	T081	C1317646
27718772	1303	1305	AL	T047	C0206114
27718772	1355	1364	FRC users	T048	C0006868
27718772	1376	1389	non-FRC users	T033	C0243095
27718772	1420	1422	PD	T081	C1317646
27718772	1487	1489	AL	T047	C0206114
27718772	1535	1537	AL	T047	C0206114
27718772	1555	1564	FRC users	T048	C0006868
27718772	1576	1589	non-FRC users	T033	C0243095
27718772	1622	1640	Bivariate analysis	UnknownType	C0681927
27718772	1689	1696	FRC use	T048	C0006868
27718772	1701	1721	severe periodontitis	T047	C4025886
27718772	1744	1754	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27718772	1756	1758	OR	T081	C0028873
27718772	1770	1789	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27718772	1791	1793	CI	T081	C0009667
27718772	1833	1846	never-smokers	T033	C0425293
27718772	1848	1850	OR	T081	C0028873
27718772	1861	1863	CI	T081	C0009667
27718772	1921	1941	multivariable models	T081	C0026777
27718772	1955	1967	demographics	T090	C0011298
27718772	1969	1972	age	T032	C0001779
27718772	1974	1977	sex	T032	C1522384
27718772	1979	1983	race	T098	C0034510
27718772	1986	1995	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
27718772	2001	2013	income level	T080	C0870689
27718772	2016	2023	alcohol	T055	C0001948
27718772	2028	2039	tobacco use	T055	C0543414
27718772	2041	2058	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27718772	2069	2090	periodontal treatment	T061	C1882340
27718772	2101	2112	adjusted OR	T081	C0028873
27718772	2114	2117	aOR	T081	C0028873
27718772	2129	2131	CI	T081	C0009667
27718772	2164	2167	aOR	T081	C0028873
27718772	2178	2180	CI	T081	C0009667
27718772	2205	2212	FRC use	T048	C0006868
27718772	2216	2231	associated with	T080	C0332281
27718772	2241	2242	D	T081	C1317646
27718772	2260	2262	AL	T047	C0206114
27718772	2275	2279	odds	T081	C0028873
27718772	2290	2310	severe periodontitis	T047	C4025886

27719897|t|Determination of eight pesticides in Lycium barbarum by LC-MS/MS and dietary risk assessment
27719897|a|A LC-MS/MS method for determination of eight pesticides (triadimefon, sulfoxaflor, flusilazole, tebuconazole, difenoconazole, amitraz, azoxystrobin, and thiophanate-methyl) in Lycium barbarum was established. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile, and then cleaned up by primary secondary amine. The extracts were diluted with 0.1% formic acid in water. The results showed that at the fortified levels of 0.01-10mg/kg, the average recoveries of these pesticides ranged from 82.1% to 96.2% with the relative standard deviations lower than 7%. The half-lives of eight pesticides were 1.3-5.0days in Lycium barbarum fruits. The pre-harvest interval of all pesticides mentioned above were investigated. Tebuconazole (14days), sulfoxaflor (14days) and flusilazole (28days) have longer pre-harvest interval than the others which have 7days. The dietary risks, assessed as hazard quotients, were far below 100%. The results showed that the eight pesticides applied to Lycium barbarum were comparably safe for the consumer.
27719897	0	13	Determination	T059	C1148554
27719897	23	33	pesticides	T131	C0031253
27719897	37	52	Lycium barbarum	T002	C1088997
27719897	56	64	LC-MS/MS	T059	C0872318
27719897	69	76	dietary	T168	C0012155
27719897	77	92	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
27719897	95	103	LC-MS/MS	T059	C0872318
27719897	115	128	determination	T059	C1148554
27719897	138	148	pesticides	T131	C0031253
27719897	150	161	triadimefon	T109,T121	C0076996
27719897	163	174	sulfoxaflor	T109,T121	C3178211
27719897	176	187	flusilazole	T109,T121	C0245840
27719897	189	201	tebuconazole	T109,T121	C0254481
27719897	203	217	difenoconazole	T109,T121	C0758715
27719897	219	226	amitraz	T109,T121,T131	C0051692
27719897	228	240	azoxystrobin	T109,T121	C1613399
27719897	246	264	thiophanate-methyl	T109,T131	C0039928
27719897	269	284	Lycium barbarum	T002	C1088997
27719897	319	328	extracted	T059	C0597489
27719897	334	346	acetonitrile	T109	C0050456
27719897	357	367	cleaned up	T169	C1998793
27719897	371	394	primary secondary amine	T109	C0002508
27719897	400	408	extracts	T123	C0032081
27719897	432	443	formic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0016576
27719897	447	452	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27719897	551	561	pesticides	T131	C0031253
27719897	607	626	standard deviations	T081	C0871420
27719897	666	676	pesticides	T131	C0031253
27719897	697	712	Lycium barbarum	T002	C1088997
27719897	753	763	pesticides	T131	C0031253
27719897	785	797	investigated	T169	C1292732
27719897	799	811	Tebuconazole	T109,T121	C0254481
27719897	822	833	sulfoxaflor	T109,T121	C3178211
27719897	847	858	flusilazole	T109,T121	C0245840
27719897	939	946	dietary	T168	C0012155
27719897	947	952	risks	T080	C1444641
27719897	954	962	assessed	T052	C1516048
27719897	966	972	hazard	T131	C0018624
27719897	973	982	quotients	T081	C2347741
27719897	1009	1016	results	T034	C0456984
27719897	1039	1049	pesticides	T131	C0031253
27719897	1061	1076	Lycium barbarum	T002	C1088997
27719897	1106	1114	consumer	T098	C1707496

27719962|t|Selective enzymatic hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid lactones in a model system and in a coffee extract. Application to reduction of coffee bitterness
27719962|a|Chlorogenic acid lactones have been identified as key contributors to coffee bitterness. These compounds are formed during roasting by dehydration and cyclization of their precursors, the chlorogenic acids (CGAs). In the present study, we investigated an approach to decompose these lactones in a selective way without affecting the positive coffee attributes developed during roasting. A model system composed of (3-caffeoylquinic acid lactone (3-CQAL), 4- caffeoyl quinic acid lactone (4-CQAL), and 4-feruloylquinic acid lactone (4-FQAL)) was used for the screening of enzymes before treatment of the coffee extracts. Hog liver esterase (HLE) hydrolyzed chlorogenic acid lactones (CQALs, FQALs) selectively, while chlorogenate esterase hydrolyzed all chlorogenic acids (CQAs, FQAs) and their corresponding lactones (CQALs, FQALs) in a non-selective way. Enzymatically treated coffee samples were evaluated for their bitterness by a trained sensory panel and were found significantly less bitter than the untreated samples.
27719962	10	19	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
27719962	20	30	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27719962	34	59	chlorogenic acid lactones	T109	C0022947
27719962	65	77	model system	T170	C3161035
27719962	87	101	coffee extract	T109,T121	C2684473
27719962	118	127	reduction	T080	C0392756
27719962	131	137	coffee	T168	C0009237
27719962	138	148	bitterness	T080	C1536995
27719962	149	174	Chlorogenic acid lactones	T109	C0022947
27719962	185	195	identified	T080	C0205396
27719962	203	215	contributors	T052	C1880177
27719962	219	225	coffee	T168	C0009237
27719962	226	236	bitterness	T080	C1536995
27719962	244	253	compounds	T109	C0029224
27719962	272	280	roasting	T067	C1522240
27719962	284	295	dehydration	T047	C0011175
27719962	300	311	cyclization	T070	C0010546
27719962	321	331	precursors	T109	C0029224
27719962	337	354	chlorogenic acids	T109,T123	C0008240
27719962	356	360	CGAs	T109,T123	C0008240
27719962	388	400	investigated	T169	C1292732
27719962	432	440	lactones	T109	C0022947
27719962	460	467	without	T080	C0332288
27719962	468	477	affecting	T169	C0392760
27719962	482	490	positive	T033	C1446409
27719962	491	497	coffee	T168	C0009237
27719962	498	508	attributes	T080	C0871161
27719962	526	534	roasting	T067	C1522240
27719962	538	550	model system	T170	C3161035
27719962	564	593	3-caffeoylquinic acid lactone	T109	C0022947
27719962	595	601	3-CQAL	T109	C0022947
27719962	604	635	4- caffeoyl quinic acid lactone	T109	C0022947
27719962	637	643	4-CQAL	T109	C0022947
27719962	650	679	4-feruloylquinic acid lactone	T109	C0022947
27719962	681	687	4-FQAL	T109	C0022947
27719962	707	716	screening	T062	C1710477
27719962	720	727	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27719962	728	734	before	T079	C0332152
27719962	735	744	treatment	T169	C1522326
27719962	752	767	coffee extracts	T109,T121	C2684473
27719962	769	787	Hog liver esterase	T116,T126	C0014894
27719962	789	792	HLE	T116,T126	C0014894
27719962	794	804	hydrolyzed	T070	C0020291
27719962	805	830	chlorogenic acid lactones	T109	C0022947
27719962	832	837	CQALs	T109	C0022947
27719962	839	844	FQALs	T109	C0022947
27719962	865	886	chlorogenate esterase	T116,T126	C2606022
27719962	887	897	hydrolyzed	T070	C0020291
27719962	902	919	chlorogenic acids	T109,T123	C0008240
27719962	921	925	CQAs	T109,T123	C0008240
27719962	927	931	FQAs	T109,T123	C0008240
27719962	957	965	lactones	T109	C0022947
27719962	967	972	CQALs	T109	C0022947
27719962	974	979	FQALs	T109	C0022947
27719962	986	999	non-selective	T033	C0243095
27719962	1005	1018	Enzymatically	T116,T126	C0014442
27719962	1019	1026	treated	T169	C1522326
27719962	1027	1033	coffee	T168	C0009237
27719962	1034	1041	samples	T167	C0370003
27719962	1047	1056	evaluated	T052	C1516048
27719962	1067	1077	bitterness	T041	C0542301
27719962	1083	1104	trained sensory panel	T097	C0679924
27719962	1120	1133	significantly	T078	C0750502
27719962	1134	1138	less	T080	C0547044
27719962	1139	1145	bitter	T080	C1536995
27719962	1155	1164	untreated	T033	C0243095
27719962	1165	1172	samples	T167	C0370003

27720129|t|Increased acute mortality with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer in patients ≥70 years
27720129|a|Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard of care for many sites of locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (LAHNC). However, on meta-analysis, the addition of chemotherapy did not improve survival for patients >70 years. We hypothesized that elderly patients treated with CRT would have increased toxicity without similar improvements in survival. A single-institution, IRB-approved retrospective study took place from 2005 to 2012 including 369 patients treated with CRT for LAHNC. Multivariate models for death at 3 months and death over time were developed using logistic regression and Cox modeling, respectively. Patients ≥70 years were treated less often with concurrent cisplatin dosed every 3 weeks (25.5% vs. 71.4%, respectively) and more often with weekly carboplatin (31.9% vs. 3.4%) than patients <70 years (n=322; p<0.001). Patients ≥70 years experienced increased toxicity during treatment with more frequently hospitalizations (36.2% vs. 21.1%; p=0.02) and a lower rate of PEG removal at last follow-up or death (77.1% vs. 92.9%; p=0.004). A higher proportion of patients ≥70 years died within 3 months (12.8% vs. 2.8%; p=0.001) following CRT. Patients ≥70 had an increased risk of death at 3 months following CRT (odds ratio 5.19, 95% CI 1.64-16.41; p=0.005) and worse survival over time (hazard ratio 2.30, 95% CI 1.34-3.93; p=0.002). Patients ≥70 years were more often treated with less toxic chemotherapy, yet experienced higher rates of hospitalization during treatment and increased rates of acute mortality following CRT. The efficacy of chemoradiotherapy for elderly patients should be evaluated in a prospective setting.
27720129	0	9	Increased	T081	C0205217
27720129	10	15	acute	T079	C0205178
27720129	16	25	mortality	T081	C0205848
27720129	31	48	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
27720129	53	90	locally advanced head and neck cancer	T191	C0278996
27720129	94	102	patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	107	112	years	T079	C1510829
27720129	113	141	Concurrent chemoradiotherapy	T061	C3178775
27720129	143	146	CRT	T061	C3178775
27720129	155	171	standard of care	T061	C2936643
27720129	181	186	sites	T082	C0205145
27720129	190	245	locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas	T191	C1168401
27720129	247	252	LAHNC	T191	C1168401
27720129	267	280	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27720129	298	310	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27720129	327	335	survival	T169	C0220921
27720129	340	348	patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	353	358	years	T079	C1510829
27720129	381	388	elderly	T098	C0001792
27720129	389	397	patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	398	405	treated	T169	C1522326
27720129	411	414	CRT	T061	C3178775
27720129	426	435	increased	T081	C0205217
27720129	436	444	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27720129	461	473	improvements	T077	C2986411
27720129	477	485	survival	T169	C0220921
27720129	489	507	single-institution	T093	C2607850
27720129	509	521	IRB-approved	T170	C2346499
27720129	522	541	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27720129	585	593	patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	594	601	treated	T169	C1522326
27720129	607	610	CRT	T061	C3178775
27720129	615	620	LAHNC	T191	C1168401
27720129	622	641	Multivariate models	T081,T170	C0026348
27720129	646	651	death	T033	C1306577
27720129	657	663	months	T079	C0439231
27720129	668	673	death	T033	C1306577
27720129	679	683	time	T079	C0040223
27720129	705	724	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27720129	729	741	Cox modeling	T062	C0870071
27720129	757	765	Patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	770	775	years	T079	C1510829
27720129	781	788	treated	T169	C1522326
27720129	805	815	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27720129	816	825	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27720129	840	845	weeks	T079	C0439230
27720129	898	904	weekly	T079	C0439230
27720129	905	916	carboplatin	T109,T121	C0079083
27720129	939	947	patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	952	957	years	T079	C1510829
27720129	976	984	Patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	989	994	years	T079	C1510829
27720129	1007	1016	increased	T081	C0205217
27720129	1017	1025	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27720129	1033	1042	treatment	T061	C0087111
27720129	1064	1080	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
27720129	1127	1138	PEG removal	T061	C0087111
27720129	1147	1156	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27720129	1160	1165	death	T033	C1306577
27720129	1203	1213	proportion	T081	C1709707
27720129	1217	1225	patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	1230	1235	years	T079	C1510829
27720129	1250	1256	months	T079	C0439231
27720129	1293	1296	CRT	T061	C3178775
27720129	1298	1306	Patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	1318	1327	increased	T081	C0205217
27720129	1328	1332	risk	T078	C0035647
27720129	1336	1341	death	T033	C1306577
27720129	1347	1353	months	T079	C0439231
27720129	1364	1367	CRT	T061	C3178775
27720129	1369	1379	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27720129	1390	1392	CI	T081	C0009667
27720129	1424	1432	survival	T169	C0220921
27720129	1438	1442	time	T079	C0040223
27720129	1444	1456	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27720129	1467	1469	CI	T081	C0009667
27720129	1491	1499	Patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	1504	1509	years	T079	C1510829
27720129	1526	1533	treated	T169	C1522326
27720129	1544	1549	toxic	T080	C1407029
27720129	1550	1562	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27720129	1587	1592	rates	T081	C1521828
27720129	1596	1611	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27720129	1619	1628	treatment	T061	C0087111
27720129	1633	1642	increased	T081	C0205217
27720129	1643	1648	rates	T081	C1521828
27720129	1652	1657	acute	T079	C0205178
27720129	1658	1667	mortality	T081	C0205848
27720129	1678	1681	CRT	T061	C3178775
27720129	1687	1695	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27720129	1699	1716	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
27720129	1721	1728	elderly	T098	C0001792
27720129	1729	1737	patients	T101	C0030705
27720129	1763	1782	prospective setting	T080	C0205556

27720181|t|Association between ventricular filling patterns and the extent of late enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
27720181|a|To explore the relationship between ventricular filling curves and the extent of late enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We retrospectively included consecutive patients with suspected and/or confirmed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a control group of patients matched for age and sex who underwent cardiac MRI with evaluation of late enhancement. Among other determinations, we evaluated the following parameters on cine sequences: peak filling rate, time to the first peak filling rate, and filling rate normalized to the filling volume. Late enhancement was observed in 29 (73%) of the 40 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The normalized peak filling rate was significantly lower in patients with late enhancement (4.9 ± 1.6 in those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy positive for late enhancement vs. 5.8 ± 2.2 in those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy negative for late enhancement vs. 6.3 ± 1.5 in controls, p = 0.008) and the time to peak filling was longer in patients with late enhancement (540.6 ± 89.7 ms vs. 505.5 ± 99.3 ms in those with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy negative for late enhancement vs. 486.9 ± 86.3 ms in controls, p = 0.02). When the population was stratified into three groups in function of the normalized peak filling rate, significant differences were observed among groups for age (p = 0.002), mean wall thickness (p = 0.036), and myocardial mass (p = 0.046) and atrial dimensions, whereas no significant differences with respect to late enhancement were seen. In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, we found a significant association between ventricular filling patterns and age, wall thicknesses, and atrial dimensions, but not with the extent of late enhancement.
27720181	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27720181	20	48	ventricular filling patterns	T034	C1254360
27720181	67	83	late enhancement	T060	C0079595
27720181	87	113	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27720181	117	125	patients	T101	C0030705
27720181	131	158	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27720181	195	221	ventricular filling curves	T034	C1254360
27720181	240	256	late enhancement	T060	C0079595
27720181	260	267	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27720181	268	294	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27720181	296	299	MRI	T060	C0024485
27720181	304	312	patients	T101	C0030705
27720181	318	345	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27720181	387	395	patients	T101	C0030705
27720181	428	455	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27720181	462	475	control group	T096	C0009932
27720181	479	487	patients	T101	C0030705
27720181	500	503	age	T032	C0001779
27720181	508	511	sex	T032	C1522384
27720181	526	533	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27720181	534	537	MRI	T060	C0024485
27720181	557	573	late enhancement	T060	C0079595
27720181	630	640	parameters	T033	C0449381
27720181	660	677	peak filling rate	T081	C1521828
27720181	679	714	time to the first peak filling rate	T081	C4284945
27720181	720	732	filling rate	T081	C1521828
27720181	751	765	filling volume	T081	C0449468
27720181	767	783	Late enhancement	T060	C0079595
27720181	819	827	patients	T101	C0030705
27720181	833	860	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27720181	877	894	peak filling rate	T081	C1521828
27720181	922	930	patients	T101	C0030705
27720181	936	952	late enhancement	T060	C0079595
27720181	978	1005	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27720181	1006	1014	positive	T033	C1446409
27720181	1019	1035	late enhancement	T060	C0079595
27720181	1064	1091	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27720181	1092	1100	negative	T033	C0205160
27720181	1105	1121	late enhancement	T060	C0079595
27720181	1168	1188	time to peak filling	T081	C4284945
27720181	1193	1199	longer	T080	C0205166
27720181	1203	1211	patients	T101	C0030705
27720181	1217	1233	late enhancement	T060	C0079595
27720181	1285	1312	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27720181	1313	1321	negative	T033	C0205160
27720181	1326	1342	late enhancement	T060	C0079595
27720181	1396	1406	population	T098	C1257890
27720181	1411	1421	stratified	T080	C0205363
27720181	1433	1439	groups	T078	C0441833
27720181	1470	1487	peak filling rate	T081	C1521828
27720181	1533	1539	groups	T078	C0441833
27720181	1544	1547	age	T032	C0001779
27720181	1561	1580	mean wall thickness	T034	C1254360
27720181	1598	1613	myocardial mass	T033	C4068707
27720181	1630	1647	atrial dimensions	T034	C1254360
27720181	1700	1716	late enhancement	T060	C0079595
27720181	1731	1739	patients	T101	C0030705
27720181	1745	1772	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27720181	1797	1808	association	T080	C0439849
27720181	1817	1845	ventricular filling patterns	T034	C1254360
27720181	1850	1853	age	T032	C0001779
27720181	1855	1871	wall thicknesses	T034	C1254360
27720181	1877	1894	atrial dimensions	T034	C1254360
27720181	1923	1939	late enhancement	T060	C0079595

27720895|t|Stem cells and their role in pituitary tumorigenesis
27720895|a|The presence of adult pituitary stem cells (PSCs) has been described in murine systems by comprehensive cellular profiling and genetic lineage tracing experiments. PSCs are thought to maintain multipotent capacity throughout life and give rise to all hormone -producing cell lineages, playing a role in pituitary gland homeostasis. Additionally, PSCs have been proposed to play a role in pituitary tumorigenesis, in both adenomas and adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas. In this manuscript, we discuss the different approaches used to demonstrate the presence of PSCs in the murine adult pituitary, from marker analyses to genetic tracing. In addition, we review the published literature suggesting the existence of tumor stem cells in mouse and human pituitary tumors. Finally, we discuss the potential role of PSCs in pituitary tumorigenesis in the context of current models of carcinogenesis and present evidence showing that in contrast to pituitary adenoma, which follows a classical cancer stem cell paradigm, a novel mechanism has been revealed for paracrine, non-cell autonomous tumor initiation in adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma, a benign but clinically aggressive pediatric tumor.
27720895	0	10	Stem cells	T025	C0038250
27720895	29	38	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27720895	39	52	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27720895	57	65	presence	T033	C0150312
27720895	69	95	adult pituitary stem cells	T025	C1171322
27720895	97	101	PSCs	T025	C1171322
27720895	112	121	described	T078	C1552738
27720895	125	131	murine	T109,T121	C0591833
27720895	143	156	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27720895	157	165	cellular	T025	C0007634
27720895	166	175	profiling	T169	C2003903
27720895	180	187	genetic	T169	C0314603
27720895	188	195	lineage	T077	C1881379
27720895	196	215	tracing experiments	T063	C1513384
27720895	217	221	PSCs	T025	C1171322
27720895	304	311	hormone	T125	C0019932
27720895	323	336	cell lineages	T078	C0282637
27720895	356	371	pituitary gland	T023	C0032005
27720895	372	384	homeostasis.	T038	C0019868
27720895	399	403	PSCs	T025	C1171322
27720895	441	450	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27720895	451	464	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27720895	474	482	adenomas	T191	C0001430
27720895	487	522	adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas	T191	C0431129
27720895	532	542	manuscript	T073,T170	C0600659
27720895	559	568	different	T080	C1705242
27720895	569	579	approaches	T082	C0449445
27720895	604	612	presence	T033	C0150312
27720895	616	620	PSCs	T025	C1171322
27720895	628	634	murine	T109,T121	C0591833
27720895	641	650	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27720895	657	672	marker analyses	T059	C0430297
27720895	676	691	genetic tracing	T059	C2010873
27720895	741	751	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27720895	756	765	existence	T081	C1547035
27720895	769	785	tumor stem cells	T025	C1956421
27720895	789	794	mouse	T015	C0025929
27720895	799	804	human	T016	C0086418
27720895	805	821	pituitary tumors	T191	C0032019
27720895	847	856	potential	T080	C3245505
27720895	865	869	PSCs	T025	C1171322
27720895	873	882	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27720895	883	896	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
27720895	904	911	context	T078	C0449255
27720895	933	947	carcinogenesis	T191	C0596263
27720895	952	959	present	T033	C0150312
27720895	960	968	evidence	T078	C3887511
27720895	985	993	contrast	T080	C1979874
27720895	997	1014	pituitary adenoma	T191	C0032000
27720895	1042	1058	cancer stem cell	T025	C1956422
27720895	1059	1067	paradigm	T062	C0681797
27720895	1071	1076	novel	T080	C0205314
27720895	1077	1086	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27720895	1096	1104	revealed	T080	C0443289
27720895	1109	1118	paracrine	T039	C0597170
27720895	1120	1128	non-cell	T025	C0333856
27720895	1140	1145	tumor	T191	C0027651
27720895	1146	1156	initiation	T169	C1704686
27720895	1160	1194	adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma	T191	C0431129
27720895	1198	1204	benign	T080	C0205183
27720895	1231	1246	pediatric tumor	T191	C1368871

27721550|t|L-asparaginase - induced abnormality in plasma glucose level in patients of acute lymphoblastic leukemia admitted to a tertiary care hospital of Odisha
27721550|a|The objective of this study was to evaluate any abnormal change in plasma glucose levels in patients treated with L-asparaginase (L-Asp)-based chemotherapy regimen in patients of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This retrospective, hospital-based study was conducted in patients of ALL, admitted to the Clinical Haematology Department of a tertiary care hospital of Odisha from August 2014 to July 2015. Indoor records of 146 patients on multi-centered protocol-841 were evaluated for any alteration in plasma glucose level, time of onset of hypo / hyperglycemia, and persistence of plasma glucose alteration. Twenty-one percent of patients showed abnormal plasma glucose level. Most of these patients developed hypoglycemia and were of lower age group. Most of these patients developed hypoglycemia and were of lower age group, whereas a majority of higher age group patients developed hyperglycemia. In majority of the cases, abnormal glucose developed after three doses of L-Asp. Hypoglycemia subsided whereas hyperglycemia persisted till the end of our observation period. L-Asp produces more incidences of hypoglycemia than hyperglycemia in a good number of ALL patients towards which clinicians should be more vigilant. However, hyperglycemia persists for a longer duration than hypoglycemia.
27721550	0	14	L-asparaginase	T116,T121,T126	C0003993
27721550	17	24	induced	T169	C0205263
27721550	25	36	abnormality	T033	C1704258
27721550	40	60	plasma glucose level	T034	C0455280
27721550	64	72	patients	T101	C0030705
27721550	76	104	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
27721550	105	113	admitted	T058	C0184666
27721550	119	141	tertiary care hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
27721550	145	151	Odisha	T083	C0017446
27721550	187	195	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27721550	200	208	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27721550	209	215	change	T169	C0392747
27721550	219	240	plasma glucose levels	T034	C0455280
27721550	244	252	patients	T101	C0030705
27721550	253	265	treated with	T061	C0332293
27721550	266	280	L-asparaginase	T116,T121,T126	C0003993
27721550	282	287	L-Asp	T116,T121,T126	C0003993
27721550	295	315	chemotherapy regimen	T061	C0392920
27721550	319	327	patients	T101	C0030705
27721550	331	359	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
27721550	361	364	ALL	T191	C0023449
27721550	372	407	retrospective, hospital-based study	T062	C0035363
27721550	425	433	patients	T101	C0030705
27721550	437	440	ALL	T191	C0023449
27721550	442	489	admitted to the Clinical Haematology Department	T058	C0583283
27721550	495	517	tertiary care hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
27721550	521	527	Odisha	T083	C0017446
27721550	559	573	Indoor records	T170	C0034869
27721550	581	589	patients	T101	C0030705
27721550	593	620	multi-centered protocol-841	T061	C0008971
27721550	626	635	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27721550	644	654	alteration	T078	C1515926
27721550	658	678	plasma glucose level	T034	C0455280
27721550	697	701	hypo	T047	C0020615
27721550	704	717	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27721550	738	752	plasma glucose	T059	C0202042
27721550	753	763	alteration	T078	C1515926
27721550	787	795	patients	T101	C0030705
27721550	803	811	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27721550	812	832	plasma glucose level	T034	C0455280
27721550	848	856	patients	T101	C0030705
27721550	867	879	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27721550	898	907	age group	T100	C0027362
27721550	923	931	patients	T101	C0030705
27721550	942	954	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27721550	973	982	age group	T100	C0027362
27721550	1013	1022	age group	T100	C0027362
27721550	1023	1031	patients	T101	C0030705
27721550	1042	1055	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27721550	1076	1081	cases	T169	C0868928
27721550	1083	1099	abnormal glucose	T033	C0205161
27721550	1122	1127	doses	T081	C0178602
27721550	1131	1136	L-Asp	T116,T121,T126	C0003993
27721550	1138	1150	Hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27721550	1168	1181	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27721550	1232	1237	L-Asp	T116,T121,T126	C0003993
27721550	1252	1262	incidences	T081	C0021149
27721550	1266	1278	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27721550	1284	1297	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27721550	1318	1321	ALL	T191	C0023449
27721550	1322	1330	patients	T101	C0030705
27721550	1345	1355	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27721550	1390	1403	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27721550	1440	1452	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615

27721600|t|Sonic hedgehog in oral squamous cell carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study
27721600|a|Recent studies have revealed the involvement of hedgehog (Hh) signaling component in proliferation and invasive behavior of many carcinomas. This study aims to identify the expression of sonic Hh (SHH) protein of SHH pathway in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using SHH (H-160) (Santa Cruz, sc-9042) which could have therapeutic implication in future. A total of 250 cases comprising 50 normal oral mucosa, 50 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia, 50 well, 50 moderate and 50 poorly differentiated OSCCs were included in the study. Immunohistochemical evaluation of SHH protein expression was conducted using monoclonal antibody. Interpretation of the expression was done by immunoreactive score of Remmele and Stegner (IRS) scoring method. Chi-Square test was used to analyze the results. The study showed that SHH signaling molecules are highly expressed in OSCC, and their expression was mainly in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. The SHH signaling component is associated with the pathological parameter in OSCC and oral epithelial dysplasia.
27721600	0	14	Sonic hedgehog	T116,T123	C1457880
27721600	18	46	oral squamous cell carcinoma	UnknownType	C0747035
27721600	51	70	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27721600	71	76	study	T062	C2603343
27721600	84	91	studies	T062	C2603343
27721600	97	105	revealed	T080	C0443289
27721600	125	148	hedgehog (Hh) signaling	T044	C1155468
27721600	149	158	component	T116,T123	C1179435
27721600	162	175	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27721600	180	197	invasive behavior	T080	C0205281
27721600	206	216	carcinomas	T191	C0007097
27721600	223	228	study	T062	C2603343
27721600	250	260	expression	T045	C1171362
27721600	264	286	sonic Hh (SHH) protein	T116,T123	C1457880
27721600	290	301	SHH pathway	T044	C1519425
27721600	305	309	oral	T030	C0226896
27721600	310	330	epithelial dysplasia	T191	C0878500
27721600	335	363	oral squamous cell carcinoma	UnknownType	C0747035
27721600	365	369	OSCC	UnknownType	C0747035
27721600	377	380	SHH	T116,T123	C1457880
27721600	382	387	H-160	T116,T123	C1457880
27721600	428	451	therapeutic implication	T061	C0087111
27721600	505	509	oral	T030	C0226896
27721600	510	516	mucosa	T024	C0026724
27721600	530	534	oral	T030	C0226896
27721600	535	555	epithelial dysplasia	T191	C0878500
27721600	569	577	moderate	T080	C0205081
27721600	585	606	poorly differentiated	T080	C0205617
27721600	607	612	OSCCs	UnknownType	C0747035
27721600	634	639	study	T062	C2603343
27721600	641	660	Immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27721600	661	671	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27721600	675	686	SHH protein	T116,T123	C1457880
27721600	687	697	expression	T045	C1171362
27721600	718	737	monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
27721600	739	753	Interpretation	T170	C0459471
27721600	761	771	expression	T045	C1171362
27721600	784	848	immunoreactive score of Remmele and Stegner (IRS) scoring method	T062	C0036449
27721600	850	865	Chi-Square test	T170	C0008041
27721600	878	885	analyze	T062	C0936012
27721600	890	897	results	T169	C1274040
27721600	903	908	study	T062	C2603343
27721600	921	934	SHH signaling	T044	C3158055
27721600	956	965	expressed	T045	C1171362
27721600	969	973	OSCC	UnknownType	C0747035
27721600	985	995	expression	T045	C1171362
27721600	1014	1043	cytoplasm of epithelial cells	T026	C2325751
27721600	1049	1072	SHH signaling component	T044	C3158055
27721600	1096	1108	pathological	T169	C1521733
27721600	1109	1118	parameter	T081	C0392762
27721600	1122	1126	OSCC	UnknownType	C0747035
27721600	1131	1135	oral	T030	C0226896
27721600	1136	1156	epithelial dysplasia	T191	C0878500

27721673|t|Trauma-Informed Medical Care: Patient Response to a Primary Care Provider Communication Training
27721673|a|Trauma exposure predicts mental disorders and health outcomes; yet there is little training of primary care providers about trauma's effects, and how to better interact with trauma survivors. This study adapted a theory-based approach to working with trauma survivors, Risking Connection, into a 6-hour CME course, Trauma-Informed Medical Care (TI-Med), to evaluate its feasibility and preliminary efficacy. We randomized four primary care sites to training or wait-list conditions; PCPs at wait-list sites were trained after reassessment. Primary care providers (PCPs) were Family Medicine residents (n = 17; 2 sites) or community physicians (n = 13; 2 sites). Outcomes reported here comprised a survey of 400 actual patients seen by the PCPs in the study. Patients, mostly minority, completed surveys before or after their provider received training. Patients rated PCPs significantly higher after training on a scale encompassing partnership issues. Breakdowns showed lower partnership scores for those with trauma or posttraumatic stress symptoms. Future studies will need to include more specific trauma-related outcomes. Nevertheless, this training is a promising initial approach to teaching trauma-informed communication skills to PCPs.
27721673	0	28	Trauma-Informed Medical Care	T058	C0496674
27721673	30	37	Patient	T101	C0030705
27721673	38	46	Response	T032	C0871261
27721673	52	73	Primary Care Provider	T097	C2735026
27721673	74	96	Communication Training	T065	C0220931
27721673	97	103	Trauma	T037	C3714660
27721673	104	112	exposure	T080	C0332157
27721673	122	138	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
27721673	143	158	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27721673	180	188	training	T065	C0220931
27721673	192	214	primary care providers	T097	C2735026
27721673	221	237	trauma's effects	T046	C1313864
27721673	257	265	interact	T033	C0037420
27721673	271	287	trauma survivors	T033	C0850430
27721673	294	299	study	T062	C2603343
27721673	310	331	theory-based approach	T078	C1254370
27721673	335	342	working	T057	C0043227
27721673	348	364	trauma survivors	T033	C0850430
27721673	366	384	Risking Connection	T170	C0282574
27721673	393	399	6-hour	T079	C1292428
27721673	400	410	CME course	T065	C0013632
27721673	412	440	Trauma-Informed Medical Care	T058	C0496674
27721673	442	448	TI-Med	T058	C0496674
27721673	467	478	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27721673	495	503	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27721673	524	542	primary care sites	T093	C2711449
27721673	546	554	training	T065	C0220931
27721673	580	584	PCPs	T097	C2735026
27721673	623	635	reassessment	T058	C0220825
27721673	637	659	Primary care providers	T097	C2735026
27721673	661	665	PCPs	T097	C2735026
27721673	672	697	Family Medicine residents	UnknownType	C0259967
27721673	719	739	community physicians	T097	C0031831
27721673	759	767	Outcomes	T170	C1550208
27721673	794	800	survey	T062	C0376688
27721673	815	823	patients	T101	C0030705
27721673	836	840	PCPs	T097	C2735026
27721673	848	853	study	T062	C2603343
27721673	855	863	Patients	T101	C0030705
27721673	892	899	surveys	T062	C0376688
27721673	922	930	provider	T097	C2735026
27721673	940	948	training	T065	C0220931
27721673	950	958	Patients	T101	C0030705
27721673	965	969	PCPs	T097	C2735026
27721673	997	1005	training	T065	C0220931
27721673	1030	1048	partnership issues	T078	C1254370
27721673	1050	1060	Breakdowns	T033	C0557503
27721673	1074	1092	partnership scores	T033	C0243095
27721673	1108	1114	trauma	T037	C3714660
27721673	1118	1147	posttraumatic stress symptoms	T048	C0038436
27721673	1156	1163	studies	T062	C2603343
27721673	1199	1222	trauma-related outcomes	T169	C1274040
27721673	1243	1251	training	T065	C0220931
27721673	1287	1295	teaching	T065	C0039401
27721673	1296	1332	trauma-informed communication skills	T032	C0870313
27721673	1336	1340	PCPs	T097	C2735026

27721721|t|Incomplete Annular Pancreas with Ectopic Opening of the Pancreatic and Bile Ducts into the Pyloric Ring: First Report of a Rare Anomaly
27721721|a|The patient was a 56-year-old woman who had experienced epigastralgia and dorsal pain several times over the last 20 years. She was admitted for a diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, and severe intra - and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation with inner air density was noted. No papilla of Vater was present in the descending duodenum, and 2 small holes were present in the pyloric ring. Bile excretion from one of the small holes was observed under forward-viewing endoscope. It was considered that the pancreatic and bile ducts separately opened into the pyloric ring. Based on these findings, malformation of the pancreaticobiliary duct was diagnosed. She did not wish treatment, but the obstruction associated with duodenal stenosis was noted after 2 years. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed as curative treatment for duodenal stenosis and retrograde biliary infection through the bile duct opening in the pyloric ring. The ventral pancreas encompassed almost the entire circumference of the pyloric ring, suggesting a subtype of annular pancreas. Generally, lesions are present in the descending part of the duodenum in an annular pancreas, and the pancreatic and bile ducts join in the papillary region. However, in this patient, (1) the pancreas encompassed the pyloric ring, (2) the pancreatic and bile ducts opened separately, and (3) the openings of the pancreatic and bile duct s were present in the pyloric ring. The pancreas and biliary tract develop through a complex process, which may cause various types of malformation of the pancreaticobiliary system, but no similar case report was found on a literature search. This case was very rare and could not be classified in any type of congenital anomaly of the pancreas. We would classify it as a subtype of annular pancreas with separate ectopic opening of the pancreatic and bile ducts into the pyloric ring.
27721721	0	10	Incomplete	T080	C0205257
27721721	11	27	Annular Pancreas	T019	C0149955
27721721	33	40	Ectopic	T082	C0574895
27721721	41	48	Opening	T082	C1882151
27721721	56	66	Pancreatic	T023	C0030288
27721721	71	81	Bile Ducts	T023	C0005400
27721721	91	103	Pyloric Ring	T023	C0034196
27721721	105	110	First	T081	C0205435
27721721	111	117	Report	T170	C0025102
27721721	123	127	Rare	T080	C0522498
27721721	128	135	Anomaly	T033	C1704258
27721721	140	147	patient	T101	C0030705
27721721	166	171	woman	T101	C0030705
27721721	192	205	epigastralgia	T184	C0232493
27721721	210	221	dorsal pain	T184	C0004604
27721721	268	276	admitted	T058	C0809949
27721721	283	292	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27721721	296	315	acute cholecystitis	T047	C0149520
27721721	321	327	severe	T080	C0205082
27721721	328	333	intra	T023	C0005401
27721721	340	362	extrahepatic bile duct	T023	C0206187
27721721	353	362	bile duct	T023	C0005400
27721721	363	373	dilatation	T046	C0012359
27721721	379	384	inner	T082	C0205102
27721721	385	388	air	T167	C0001861
27721721	389	396	density	T081	C0178587
27721721	411	427	papilla of Vater	T023	C0013293
27721721	447	466	descending duodenum	T023	C0227301
27721721	480	485	holes	T082	C0332484
27721721	506	518	pyloric ring	T023	C0034196
27721721	520	524	Bile	T031	C0005388
27721721	525	534	excretion	T031	C0504085
27721721	557	562	holes	T082	C0332484
27721721	582	607	forward-viewing endoscope	T074	C0014243
27721721	636	646	pancreatic	T023	C0030288
27721721	651	661	bile ducts	T023	C0005400
27721721	662	672	separately	T080	C0443299
27721721	673	679	opened	T082	C0175566
27721721	689	701	pyloric ring	T023	C0034196
27721721	728	740	malformation	T019	C0000768
27721721	748	771	pancreaticobiliary duct	T029	C2951305
27721721	776	785	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27721721	804	813	treatment	T061	C0087111
27721721	823	834	obstruction	T046	C0028778
27721721	851	868	duodenal stenosis	T190	C0238093
27721721	894	915	Pancreatoduodenectomy	T061	C0085162
27721721	933	951	curative treatment	T033	C1273390
27721721	956	973	duodenal stenosis	T190	C0238093
27721721	978	988	retrograde	T082	C0439784
27721721	989	1006	biliary infection	T047	C0920156
27721721	1007	1014	through	T169	C0332273
27721721	1019	1028	bile duct	T023	C0005400
27721721	1029	1036	opening	T082	C1882151
27721721	1044	1056	pyloric ring	T023	C0034196
27721721	1062	1078	ventral pancreas	T018	C2329399
27721721	1079	1090	encompassed	T082	C1282914
27721721	1102	1108	entire	T081	C0439751
27721721	1109	1122	circumference	T081	C0332520
27721721	1130	1142	pyloric ring	T023	C0034196
27721721	1157	1164	subtype	T185	C0449560
27721721	1168	1184	annular pancreas	T019	C0149955
27721721	1197	1204	lesions	T033	C0221198
27721721	1224	1255	descending part of the duodenum	T023	C0227301
27721721	1262	1278	annular pancreas	T019	C0149955
27721721	1288	1298	pancreatic	T023	C0030288
27721721	1303	1313	bile ducts	T023	C0005400
27721721	1326	1342	papillary region	T029	C0005898
27721721	1361	1368	patient	T101	C0030705
27721721	1378	1386	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27721721	1387	1398	encompassed	T082	C1282914
27721721	1403	1415	pyloric ring	T023	C0034196
27721721	1425	1435	pancreatic	T023	C0030288
27721721	1440	1450	bile ducts	T023	C0005400
27721721	1451	1457	opened	T082	C0175566
27721721	1458	1468	separately	T080	C0443299
27721721	1498	1508	pancreatic	T023	C0030288
27721721	1513	1524	bile duct s	T023	C0005400
27721721	1530	1537	present	T033	C0150312
27721721	1545	1557	pyloric ring	T023	C0034196
27721721	1563	1571	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27721721	1576	1589	biliary tract	T023	C0005423
27721721	1598	1605	through	T169	C0332273
27721721	1608	1623	complex process	T067	C1522240
27721721	1658	1670	malformation	T019	C0000768
27721721	1678	1703	pancreaticobiliary system	T029	C2951305
27721721	1720	1731	case report	T170	C0085973
27721721	1771	1775	case	T077	C1706256
27721721	1794	1817	could not be classified	T033	C0243095
27721721	1833	1851	congenital anomaly	T019	C0000768
27721721	1859	1867	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27721721	1895	1902	subtype	T185	C0449560
27721721	1906	1922	annular pancreas	T019	C0149955
27721721	1928	1936	separate	T080	C0443299
27721721	1937	1944	ectopic	T082	C0574895
27721721	1945	1952	opening	T082	C1882151
27721721	1960	1970	pancreatic	T023	C0030288
27721721	1975	1985	bile ducts	T023	C0005400
27721721	1995	2007	pyloric ring	T023	C0034196

27721784|t|Corneal Ring Infiltrates Caused by Serratia marcescens in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
27721784|a|To describe corneal ring infiltrates caused by Serratia marcescens in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) who wore contact lenses. A case study of a patient with keratitis due to an infection caused by S. marcescens and exhibiting corneal ring infiltrates was reviewed for history, clinical manifestation, microscopic study, and management. A 29-year-old man who had a history of contact lens wear and HIV-1 infection was admitted to hospital because of blurred vision, redness, and corneal infiltrates in the shape of a ring in the left eye. The visual acuity (VA) in both eyes was hand movement (uncorrected). Corneal scrapings were performed. The culture results of the corneal specimens revealed S. marcescens. The culture results of the contact lens disclosed the same organism. The corneal ulcer responded well to treatment with topical gentamycin sulfate 14 mg/ml. The final VA remained hand movemen t. S. marcescens can cause ring infiltrates in a HIV-1 patient who wears contact lenses. The treatment result for S. marcescens keratitis in a HIV-1 patient who wore contact lenses was favorable after intensive use of fortified topical antibiotics.
27721784	0	24	Corneal Ring Infiltrates	T046	C0853336
27721784	35	54	Serratia marcescens	T007	C0036766
27721784	60	67	Patient	T101	C0030705
27721784	73	101	Human Immunodeficiency Virus	T005	C0019682
27721784	114	138	corneal ring infiltrates	T046	C0853336
27721784	149	168	Serratia marcescens	T007	C0036766
27721784	174	181	patient	T101	C0030705
27721784	187	215	human immunodeficiency virus	T005	C0019682
27721784	217	222	HIV-1	T005	C0019704
27721784	233	247	contact lenses	T074	C0009836
27721784	251	261	case study	T170	C0085973
27721784	267	274	patient	T101	C0030705
27721784	280	289	keratitis	T047	C0022568
27721784	300	309	infection	T046	C3714514
27721784	320	333	S. marcescens	T007	C0036766
27721784	349	373	corneal ring infiltrates	T046	C0853336
27721784	378	386	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27721784	391	398	history	T033	C0262926
27721784	400	422	clinical manifestation	T058	C0700325
27721784	424	441	microscopic study	T059	C0369671
27721784	447	457	management	T058	C0376636
27721784	473	476	man	T032	C0086582
27721784	487	494	history	T033	C0262926
27721784	498	515	contact lens wear	T074	C0009836
27721784	520	535	HIV-1 infection	T047	C2363741
27721784	540	560	admitted to hospital	T058	C0184666
27721784	572	586	blurred vision	T184	C0344232
27721784	588	595	redness	T184	C0235267
27721784	601	620	corneal infiltrates	T046	C0853336
27721784	628	643	shape of a ring	T082	C0521164
27721784	651	659	left eye	T023	C0229090
27721784	665	678	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
27721784	680	682	VA	T201	C0042812
27721784	687	696	both eyes	T023	C0229118
27721784	701	714	hand movement	T033	C3809238
27721784	716	727	uncorrected	T201	C1637380
27721784	730	747	Corneal scrapings	T060	C3515470
27721784	768	775	culture	T059	C0430400
27721784	791	808	corneal specimens	T024	C0444083
27721784	809	817	revealed	T080	C0443289
27721784	818	831	S. marcescens	T007	C0036766
27721784	837	852	culture results	T034	C2061903
27721784	860	872	contact lens	T074	C0009836
27721784	892	900	organism	T001	C0029235
27721784	906	919	corneal ulcer	T047	C0010043
27721784	920	947	responded well to treatment	T201	C0521982
27721784	953	979	topical gentamycin sulfate	T109,T195	C0720648
27721784	1000	1002	VA	T201	C0042812
27721784	1012	1024	hand movemen	T033	C0575809
27721784	1028	1041	S. marcescens	T007	C0036766
27721784	1052	1068	ring infiltrates	T046	C0853336
27721784	1074	1079	HIV-1	T005	C0019704
27721784	1080	1087	patient	T101	C0030705
27721784	1098	1112	contact lenses	T074	C0009836
27721784	1118	1127	treatment	T169	C0039798
27721784	1128	1134	result	T169	C1274040
27721784	1139	1152	S. marcescens	T007	C0036766
27721784	1153	1162	keratitis	T047	C0022568
27721784	1168	1173	HIV-1	T005	C0019704
27721784	1174	1181	patient	T101	C0030705
27721784	1191	1205	contact lenses	T074	C0009836
27721784	1210	1219	favorable	T033	C4054987
27721784	1243	1252	fortified	T121	C0033613
27721784	1253	1272	topical antibiotics	T195	C3540705

27722201|t|Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Practice and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women, Northwest Ethiopia
27722201|a|Background. Little is known about birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) plan in resource limited settings to decrease maternal mortality. Therefore, this study was done to assess the status of BPCR and associated factors among pregnant women in South Wollo, Northwest Ethiopia, by involving 819 pregnant women from March to April, 2014. Data were collected by using pretested interviewer administered questionnaire and analyzed using a computer program of SPSS version 20.00. Results. Pregnant women who were prepared for at least three elements of BPCR were 24.1%. Pregnant women knowing at least three key danger signs during pregnancy, delivery, and postnatal period were 23.2%, 22.6%, and 9.6%, respectively. Women having secondary education and higher were 6.20 (95% CI = [1.36, 28.120]) times more likely to be prepared than illiterates. Women having a lifetime history of stillbirth [5.80 (1.13, 29.63)], attending ANC for last child pregnancy [5.44 (2.07, 14.27)], participating in community BPCR group discussion [4.36 (1.17, 16.26)], and having their male partner involved in BPCR counseling during ANC follow-up [4.45 (1.95, 10.16)] were more likely to be prepared. Conclusions. BPCR was very low and should be strengthened through health communication by involving partner in BPCR counseling.
27722201	0	54	Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness Practice	T058	C1254363
27722201	59	69	Associated	T080	C0439849
27722201	70	77	Factors	T169	C1521761
27722201	84	98	Pregnant Women	T098	C0033011
27722201	100	118	Northwest Ethiopia	T083	C0015024
27722201	153	198	birth preparedness and complication readiness	T058	C1254363
27722201	200	204	BPCR	T058	C1254363
27722201	206	210	plan	T169	C1301732
27722201	252	270	maternal mortality	T081	C0024923
27722201	288	293	study	T062	C2603343
27722201	306	312	assess	T058	C0184514
27722201	317	323	status	T080	C0449438
27722201	327	331	BPCR	T058	C1254363
27722201	336	346	associated	T080	C0439849
27722201	347	354	factors	T169	C1521761
27722201	361	375	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27722201	379	390	South Wollo	T083	C0015024
27722201	392	410	Northwest Ethiopia	T083	C0015024
27722201	429	443	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27722201	471	475	Data	T078	C1511726
27722201	510	521	interviewer	T097	C0021821
27722201	522	548	administered questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27722201	553	561	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27722201	570	586	computer program	T073,T170	C0037585
27722201	590	608	SPSS version 20.00	T170	C0333052
27722201	610	617	Results	T169	C1274040
27722201	619	633	Pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27722201	643	651	prepared	T033	C4082130
27722201	671	679	elements	T077	C3812827
27722201	683	687	BPCR	T058	C1254363
27722201	700	714	Pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27722201	742	754	danger signs	T184	C0037088
27722201	762	771	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27722201	773	781	delivery	T040	C0005615
27722201	787	803	postnatal period	T079	C0871109
27722201	847	852	Women	T098	C0043210
27722201	860	879	secondary education	T170	C0683860
27722201	906	908	CI	T081	C0009667
27722201	951	959	prepared	T033	C4082130
27722201	965	976	illiterates	T033	C0020899
27722201	978	983	Women	T098	C0043210
27722201	993	1009	lifetime history	T032	C0598779
27722201	1013	1023	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
27722201	1046	1055	attending	T169	C1999232
27722201	1056	1059	ANC	T058	C0033052
27722201	1069	1074	child	T100	C0008059
27722201	1075	1084	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27722201	1107	1120	participating	T169	C0679823
27722201	1124	1133	community	T096	C0009462
27722201	1134	1138	BPCR	T058	C1254363
27722201	1139	1155	group discussion	T054	C0237576
27722201	1195	1199	male	T032	C0086582
27722201	1200	1207	partner	T099	C0682323
27722201	1220	1224	BPCR	T058	C1254363
27722201	1225	1235	counseling	T058	C0010210
27722201	1243	1246	ANC	T058	C0033052
27722201	1247	1256	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27722201	1301	1309	prepared	T033	C4082130
27722201	1311	1322	Conclusions	T078	C1707478
27722201	1324	1328	BPCR	T058	C1254363
27722201	1377	1397	health communication	T058	C1512347
27722201	1411	1418	partner	T099	C0682323
27722201	1422	1426	BPCR	T058	C1254363
27722201	1427	1437	counseling	T058	C0010210

27722881|t|Fluoranthene degradation and binding mechanism study based on the active-site structure of ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase in Microbacterium paraoxydans JPM1
27722881|a|In this study, a gram-positive fluoranthene-degrading bacterial strain was isolated from crude oil in Dagang Oilfield and identified as Microbacterium paraoxydans JPM1 by the analysis of 16S rDNA sequence. After 25 days of incubation, the strain JPM1 could degrade 91.78 % of the initial amount of fluoranthene. Moreover, four metabolites 9-fluorenone-1-carboxylic acid, 9-fluorenone, phthalic acid, and benzoic acid were detected in the culture solution. The gene sequence encoding the aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase was amplified in the strain JPM1 by PCR. Based on the translated protein sequence, a homology modeling method was applied to build the crystal structure of dioxygenase. Subsequently, the interaction mechanism between fluoranthene and the active site of dioxygenase was simulated and analyzed by molecular docking. Consequently, a feasible degrading pathway of fluoranthene in the strain JPM1 was proposed based on the metabolites and the interaction analyses. Additionally, the thermodynamic analysis showed that the strain JPM1 had high tolerance for fluoranthene, and the influence of fluoranthene for the bacterial growth activity was negligible under 100 to 400 mg L(-1) concentrations. Taken together, this study indicates that the strain JPM1 has high potential for further study in bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)- contaminated sites.
27722881	0	12	Fluoranthene	T109,T121	C0060514
27722881	13	24	degradation	T070	C0005482
27722881	29	36	binding	T044	C1167622
27722881	37	46	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27722881	47	52	study	T062	C2603343
27722881	66	77	active-site	T169	C0205681
27722881	78	87	structure	T082	C0678594
27722881	91	121	ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase	T116,T126	C0599874
27722881	125	156	Microbacterium paraoxydans JPM1	T007	C4153571
27722881	165	170	study	T062	C2603343
27722881	174	220	gram-positive fluoranthene-degrading bacterial	T007	C0018154
27722881	221	227	strain	T001	C1518614
27722881	232	240	isolated	T169	C0205409
27722881	246	255	crude oil	T109	C0031264
27722881	259	274	Dagang Oilfield	T070	C3179127
27722881	279	289	identified	T080	C0205396
27722881	293	324	Microbacterium paraoxydans JPM1	T007	C4153571
27722881	332	340	analysis	T062	C0936012
27722881	344	352	16S rDNA	T114	C3537372
27722881	353	361	sequence	T086	C0004793
27722881	372	376	days	T079	C0439228
27722881	380	390	incubation	T059	C1439852
27722881	396	402	strain	T001	C1518614
27722881	403	407	JPM1	T007	C4153571
27722881	437	444	initial	T079	C0205265
27722881	445	451	amount	T081	C1265611
27722881	455	467	fluoranthene	T109,T121	C0060514
27722881	484	495	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27722881	496	526	9-fluorenone-1-carboxylic acid	T123	C0574031
27722881	528	540	9-fluorenone	T109	C0050227
27722881	542	555	phthalic acid	T109	C0070968
27722881	561	573	benzoic acid	T109,T121	C0053225
27722881	595	611	culture solution	T130	C0010454
27722881	617	630	gene sequence	T086	C0004793
27722881	631	639	encoding	T052	C2700640
27722881	644	683	aromatic-ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase	T116,T126	C0599874
27722881	688	697	amplified	T045	C0017256
27722881	705	711	strain	T001	C1518614
27722881	712	716	JPM1	T007	C4153571
27722881	720	723	PCR	T063	C0032520
27722881	749	765	protein sequence	T087	C0002518
27722881	769	793	homology modeling method	T063	C1512489
27722881	819	836	crystal structure	T104	C0444626
27722881	840	851	dioxygenase	T116,T126	C0599874
27722881	871	882	interaction	T169	C1704675
27722881	883	892	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27722881	901	913	fluoranthene	T109,T121	C0060514
27722881	922	933	active site	T169	C0205681
27722881	937	948	dioxygenase	T116,T126	C0599874
27722881	953	962	simulated	T062	C0679083
27722881	967	975	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27722881	979	996	molecular docking	T063	C3494273
27722881	1023	1032	degrading	T070	C0005482
27722881	1033	1040	pathway	T044	C1704259
27722881	1044	1056	fluoranthene	T109,T121	C0060514
27722881	1064	1070	strain	T001	C1518614
27722881	1071	1075	JPM1	T007	C4153571
27722881	1102	1113	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27722881	1122	1142	interaction analyses	T081	C0237688
27722881	1162	1184	thermodynamic analysis	T062	C0936012
27722881	1201	1207	strain	T001	C1518614
27722881	1208	1212	JPM1	T007	C4153571
27722881	1217	1221	high	T080	C0205250
27722881	1222	1231	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27722881	1236	1248	fluoranthene	T109,T121	C0060514
27722881	1258	1267	influence	T077	C4054723
27722881	1271	1283	fluoranthene	T109,T121	C0060514
27722881	1292	1301	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27722881	1302	1308	growth	T040	C0018270
27722881	1322	1332	negligible	T080	C0332269
27722881	1359	1373	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27722881	1396	1401	study	T062	C2603343
27722881	1421	1427	strain	T001	C1518614
27722881	1428	1432	JPM1	T007	C4153571
27722881	1442	1451	potential	T080	C3245505
27722881	1464	1469	study	T062	C2603343
27722881	1473	1487	bioremediation	T069	C0598015
27722881	1491	1522	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon	T109	C0032458
27722881	1524	1527	PAH	T109	C0032458
27722881	1530	1542	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27722881	1543	1548	sites	T082	C0205145

27723444|t|Reduced Trauma Symptoms and Perceived Stress in Male Prison Inmates through the Transcendental Meditation Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial
27723444|a|Trauma events are four times more prevalent in inmates than in the general public and are associated with increased recidivism and other mental and physical health issues. To evaluate the effects of Transcendental Meditation (TM) on trauma symptoms in male inmates. One hundred eighty-one inmates with a moderate - to high-risk criminal profile were randomly assigned to either the TM program or to a usual care control group. The Trauma Symptom Checklist and the Perceived Stress Scale were administered at baseline and four-month posttest. Significant reductions in total trauma symptoms, anxiety, depression, dissociation, and sleep disturbance subscales, and perceived stress in the TM group were found compared with controls (all p values < 0.001). The high - trauma subgroup analysis further showed a higher magnitude of effects in the TM group compared with controls on all outcomes, with Cohen effect sizes ranging from 0.67 to 0.89. Results are consistent with those of prior studies of the TM program in other populations and its effects on trauma symptoms and perceived stress.
27723444	0	7	Reduced	T080	C0392756
27723444	8	14	Trauma	T037	C3714660
27723444	15	23	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
27723444	28	44	Perceived Stress	T041	C0030971
27723444	48	52	Male	T032	C0086582
27723444	53	67	Prison Inmates	T098	C0033167
27723444	80	113	Transcendental Meditation Program	T041	C0150814
27723444	117	144	Randomized Controlled Trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27723444	145	158	Trauma events	T037	C3714660
27723444	163	167	four	T081	C0205450
27723444	168	173	times	T081	C1632851
27723444	179	188	prevalent	T033	C0243095
27723444	192	199	inmates	T098	C0033167
27723444	212	226	general public	T098	C0683971
27723444	235	250	associated with	T080	C0332281
27723444	251	260	increased	T081	C0205217
27723444	261	271	recidivism	T055	C0680458
27723444	276	281	other	T080	C0205394
27723444	282	288	mental	T048	C4061796
27723444	293	315	physical health issues	T033	C4060919
27723444	333	340	effects	T080	C1280500
27723444	344	369	Transcendental Meditation	T041	C0150814
27723444	371	373	TM	T041	C0150814
27723444	378	384	trauma	T037	C3714660
27723444	385	393	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27723444	397	401	male	T032	C0086582
27723444	402	409	inmates	T098	C0033167
27723444	411	433	One hundred eighty-one	T081	C0392762
27723444	434	441	inmates	T098	C0033167
27723444	449	457	moderate	T080	C0205081
27723444	463	489	high-risk criminal profile	T170	C0282574
27723444	504	512	assigned	T169	C1516050
27723444	527	537	TM program	T041	C0150814
27723444	552	570	care control group	T058	C0030679
27723444	576	582	Trauma	T037	C3714660
27723444	583	600	Symptom Checklist	T170	C0451524
27723444	609	631	Perceived Stress Scale	T170	C0582653
27723444	637	649	administered	T169	C1521801
27723444	653	661	baseline	T081	C1442488
27723444	666	676	four-month	T081	C0392762
27723444	677	685	posttest	T062	C0871110
27723444	699	709	reductions	T061	C0441610
27723444	719	725	trauma	T037	C3714660
27723444	726	734	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27723444	736	743	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27723444	745	755	depression	T033	C0344315
27723444	757	769	dissociation	T048	C0086168
27723444	775	802	sleep disturbance subscales	T184	C0037317
27723444	808	817	perceived	T041	C0030971
27723444	818	824	stress	T033	C0038435
27723444	832	834	TM	T041	C0150814
27723444	835	840	group	T098	C1257890
27723444	852	860	compared	T052	C1707455
27723444	866	874	controls	T096	C0009932
27723444	882	888	values	T081	C1522609
27723444	903	907	high	T080	C0205250
27723444	910	916	trauma	T037	C3714660
27723444	917	925	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27723444	926	934	analysis	T062	C0936012
27723444	959	968	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27723444	972	979	effects	T080	C1280500
27723444	987	989	TM	T041	C0150814
27723444	990	995	group	T098	C1257890
27723444	996	1004	compared	T052	C1707455
27723444	1010	1018	controls	T096	C0009932
27723444	1026	1034	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27723444	1041	1059	Cohen effect sizes	T081	C0814843
27723444	1060	1067	ranging	T081	C1514721
27723444	1087	1094	Results	T169	C1274040
27723444	1099	1114	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27723444	1124	1129	prior	T079	C0332152
27723444	1130	1137	studies	T062	C2603343
27723444	1145	1147	TM	T041	C0150814
27723444	1165	1176	populations	T098	C1257890
27723444	1196	1202	trauma	T037	C3714660
27723444	1203	1211	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27723444	1216	1225	perceived	T041	C0030971
27723444	1226	1232	stress	T033	C0038435

27723749|t|SF2312 is a natural phosphonate inhibitor of enolase
27723749|a|Despite being crucial for energy generation in most forms of life, few if any microbial antibiotics specifically inhibit glycolysis. To develop a specific inhibitor of the glycolytic enzyme enolase 2 (ENO2) for the treatment of cancers with deletion of ENO1 (encoding enolase 1), we modeled the synthetic tool compound inhibitor phosphonoacetohydroxamate (PhAH) into the active site of human ENO2. A ring-stabilized analog of PhAH, in which the hydroxamic nitrogen is linked to Cα by an ethylene bridge, was predicted to increase binding affinity by stabilizing the inhibitor in a bound conformation. Unexpectedly, a structure-based search revealed that our hypothesized backbone-stabilized PhAH bears strong similarity to SF2312, a phosphonate antibiotic of unknown mode of action produced by the actinomycete Micromonospora, which is active under anaerobic conditions. Here, we present multiple lines of evidence, including a novel X-ray structure, that SF2312 is a highly potent, low - nanomolar inhibitor of enolase.
27723749	0	6	SF2312	T195	C0003232
27723749	12	19	natural	T169	C0205296
27723749	20	31	phosphonate	T109	C0260127
27723749	32	41	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27723749	45	52	enolase	T116,T126	C0031691
27723749	79	96	energy generation	T044	C2263100
27723749	114	118	life	T078	C0376558
27723749	131	140	microbial	T001	C0599840
27723749	141	152	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27723749	166	173	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27723749	174	184	glycolysis	T044	C0017952
27723749	199	207	specific	T080	C0205369
27723749	208	217	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27723749	225	235	glycolytic	T044	C0017952
27723749	236	252	enzyme enolase 2	T059	C0202144
27723749	254	258	ENO2	T059	C0202144
27723749	268	277	treatment	T169	C1522326
27723749	281	288	cancers	T191	C0006826
27723749	294	302	deletion	T045	C0017260
27723749	306	310	ENO1	T028	C1414402
27723749	321	330	enolase 1	T116,T126	C2364020
27723749	363	371	compound	T080	C0205198
27723749	372	381	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27723749	382	407	phosphonoacetohydroxamate	T109	C0255101
27723749	409	413	PhAH	T109	C0255101
27723749	424	435	active site	T169	C0205681
27723749	439	444	human	T016	C0086418
27723749	445	449	ENO2	T059	C0202144
27723749	453	475	ring-stabilized analog	T104	C0243071
27723749	479	483	PhAH	T109	C0255101
27723749	498	555	hydroxamic nitrogen is linked to Cα by an ethylene bridge	T104	C1254350
27723749	561	570	predicted	T078	C0681842
27723749	574	582	increase	T169	C0442805
27723749	583	590	binding	T052	C1145667
27723749	591	599	affinity	T070	C1510827
27723749	603	614	stabilizing	T033	C0184512
27723749	619	628	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27723749	634	652	bound conformation	T082	C0026377
27723749	670	685	structure-based	T104	C1254350
27723749	686	692	search	T052	C1706202
27723749	693	701	revealed	T080	C0443289
27723749	724	743	backbone-stabilized	T033	C0184512
27723749	744	748	PhAH	T109	C0255101
27723749	755	761	strong	T080	C0442821
27723749	762	772	similarity	T080	C2348205
27723749	776	782	SF2312	T195	C0003232
27723749	786	797	phosphonate	T109	C0260127
27723749	798	808	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27723749	812	819	unknown	T080	C0439673
27723749	820	834	mode of action	T169	C1524059
27723749	851	863	actinomycete	T007	C0600148
27723749	864	878	Micromonospora	T007	C0025996
27723749	889	895	active	T169	C0205177
27723749	902	911	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
27723749	912	922	conditions	T080	C0348080
27723749	959	967	evidence	T078	C3887511
27723749	969	978	including	T169	C0332257
27723749	981	986	novel	T080	C0205314
27723749	987	992	X-ray	T059	C0206755
27723749	993	1002	structure	T104	C1254350
27723749	1009	1015	SF2312	T195	C0003232
27723749	1021	1027	highly	T080	C0205250
27723749	1028	1034	potent	T080	C0442821
27723749	1036	1039	low	T080	C0205251
27723749	1042	1051	nanomolar	T081	C0439282
27723749	1052	1061	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27723749	1065	1072	enolase	T116,T126	C0031691

27723905|t|Improvement in advanced pancreatic cancer survival with novel chemotherapeutic strategies - experience of a community based hospital
27723905|a|Background: New chemotherapeutic strategies for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been shown to improve survival in randomized clinical trials. Little is known about the use of such chemotherapies and their benefit in community-based hospitals. This retrospective study analyzes the overall survival of these patients under " real life conditions " before and after the introduction of FOLFIRINOX in 2011. Methods: We retrospectively identified consecutive patients with PDAC who were treated at our hospital from 2011 to June 2014 (2011+ cohort) and 2004 to 2010 (historical cohort). Patients were included if PDAC was diagnosed in a locally advanced or metastatic state and at least 1 cycle of chemotherapy was given. Survival was assessed until April 2016. Patients with FOLFIRINOX were further analyzed regarding drug administration and side effects. Results: 128 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of the 74 patients in the historical cohort, 62 patients received Gemcitabine. Of the 54 patients diagnosed between 2011 and June 2014, 28 patients received FOLFIRINOX and 22 Gemcitabine as the first-line chemotherapy. Only 34 % of the patients in the historical cohort received a second-line chemotherapy in comparison to 69 % in the 2011+ cohort. Median overall survival (OS) showed a survival of 13.1 months (95 % CI; 11.6 - 14.5) for the 2011+ cohort compared to 9.6 months (95 % CI; 6.1 - 13.1) in the historical group. Conclusion: This study shows a marked improvement in survival of patients diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic PDAC in a community-based hospital during the past 4 years. The most likely reasons are the use of new polychemotherapies like FOLFIRINOX and the use of second-line chemotherapy.
27723905	0	11	Improvement	T077	C2986411
27723905	15	23	advanced	T080	C0205179
27723905	24	41	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
27723905	42	50	survival	T081	C0038954
27723905	56	61	novel	T080	C0205314
27723905	62	89	chemotherapeutic strategies	T061	C0870057
27723905	92	102	experience	T041	C0596545
27723905	108	132	community based hospital	T073,T093	C0020003
27723905	145	148	New	T080	C0205314
27723905	149	176	chemotherapeutic strategies	T061	C0870057
27723905	181	197	locally advanced	T080	C0205179
27723905	201	211	metastatic	T169	C1522484
27723905	212	244	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
27723905	246	250	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27723905	271	278	improve	T033	C0184511
27723905	279	287	survival	T081	C0038954
27723905	291	317	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
27723905	345	351	use of	T169	C1524063
27723905	357	371	chemotherapies	T061	C3665472
27723905	382	389	benefit	T081	C0814225
27723905	393	418	community-based hospitals	T073,T093	C0020003
27723905	425	444	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27723905	445	453	analyzes	T062	C0936012
27723905	458	474	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27723905	501	521	real life conditions	T080	C0348080
27723905	524	530	before	T079	C0332152
27723905	535	540	after	T079	C0687676
27723905	545	557	introduction	T169	C0579004
27723905	561	571	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27723905	593	608	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27723905	609	619	identified	T080	C0205396
27723905	620	631	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27723905	632	640	patients	T101	C0030705
27723905	646	650	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27723905	660	667	treated	T169	C1522326
27723905	675	683	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27723905	714	720	cohort	T098	C0599755
27723905	740	757	historical cohort	T098	C2348984
27723905	760	768	Patients	T101	C0030705
27723905	774	782	included	T169	C0332257
27723905	786	790	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27723905	795	804	diagnosed	T060	C0430022
27723905	810	826	locally advanced	T080	C0205179
27723905	830	846	metastatic state	T169	C1522484
27723905	860	883	1 cycle of chemotherapy	T061	C1302181
27723905	888	893	given	T077	C1442162
27723905	895	903	Survival	T081	C0038954
27723905	908	916	assessed	T052	C1516048
27723905	923	933	April 2016	T079	C3715024
27723905	935	943	Patients	T101	C0030705
27723905	949	959	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27723905	973	981	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27723905	992	1011	drug administration	T058	C3469597
27723905	1016	1028	side effects	T046	C0041755
27723905	1043	1051	patients	T101	C0030705
27723905	1060	1078	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27723905	1090	1098	patients	T101	C0030705
27723905	1106	1123	historical cohort	T098	C2348984
27723905	1128	1136	patients	T101	C0030705
27723905	1137	1145	received	T080	C1514756
27723905	1146	1157	Gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27723905	1169	1177	patients	T101	C0030705
27723905	1178	1187	diagnosed	T060	C0430022
27723905	1219	1227	patients	T101	C0030705
27723905	1228	1236	received	T080	C1514756
27723905	1237	1247	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27723905	1255	1266	Gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27723905	1274	1297	first-line chemotherapy	T061	C1302181
27723905	1316	1324	patients	T101	C0030705
27723905	1332	1349	historical cohort	T098	C2348984
27723905	1350	1358	received	T080	C1514756
27723905	1361	1385	second-line chemotherapy	T061	C1302181
27723905	1389	1399	comparison	T052	C1707455
27723905	1421	1427	cohort	T098	C0599755
27723905	1429	1435	Median	T081	C0876920
27723905	1436	1452	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27723905	1454	1456	OS	T081	C4086681
27723905	1467	1475	survival	T081	C0038954
27723905	1484	1490	months	T079	C0439231
27723905	1497	1499	CI	T081	C0009667
27723905	1528	1534	cohort	T098	C0599755
27723905	1535	1543	compared	T052	C1707455
27723905	1564	1566	CI	T081	C0009667
27723905	1587	1603	historical group	T098	C2348984
27723905	1622	1627	study	T062	C2603343
27723905	1636	1642	marked	T080	C1706089
27723905	1643	1654	improvement	T077	C2986411
27723905	1658	1666	survival	T081	C0038954
27723905	1670	1678	patients	T101	C0030705
27723905	1679	1688	diagnosed	T060	C0430022
27723905	1694	1710	locally advanced	T080	C0205179
27723905	1714	1724	metastatic	T169	C1522484
27723905	1725	1729	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27723905	1735	1759	community-based hospital	T073,T093	C0020003
27723905	1760	1766	during	T079	C0347984
27723905	1771	1783	past 4 years	T079	C4086728
27723905	1801	1808	reasons	T078	C0392360
27723905	1817	1823	use of	T169	C1524063
27723905	1824	1827	new	T080	C0205314
27723905	1828	1846	polychemotherapies	T061	C2717829
27723905	1852	1862	FOLFIRINOX	T061	C0879464
27723905	1871	1877	use of	T169	C1524063
27723905	1878	1902	second-line chemotherapy	T061	C1302181

27723907|t|Ultrasonography for acute appendicitis - the way it looks today
27723907|a|Despite sophisticated physical examination and laboratory support, diagnosis of acute appendicitis remained challenging in clinical practice with a negative appendectomy rate of 15 - 30 %. As a remarkable clue and as early as 1986, ultrasonography (US) has been proven a reliable diagnostic method that is also explicitly helpful in difficult cases with atypical presentation and enables to rule out many differential diagnoses .Recent publications emphasized the role of multidetector computed tomography (CT) resulting in a significant reduction of false negative findings at operation. Extensive as well as uncritical application of this method even in children inevitably causes substantial radiation exposure, a sequel to either pure ignorance or unqualified/ inadequate performance of US in this particular situation, which in turn can be considered sequel to either egocentric or economic preponderance .Recent data shed new light on the role of US (and CT) in acute appendicitis. Therefore, 1 generation after US with graded compression was etched in stone as the method of choice for diagnosing acute appendicitis (Puylaert), a visual arousal fostering its role and performance in clinical medicine appears justified.
27723907	0	15	Ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27723907	20	38	acute appendicitis	T047	C0003615
27723907	86	106	physical examination	T058	C0031809
27723907	111	129	laboratory support	T059	C0022885
27723907	131	140	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27723907	144	162	acute appendicitis	T047	C0003615
27723907	187	204	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
27723907	212	233	negative appendectomy	T061	C0003611
27723907	234	238	rate	T081	C1521828
27723907	296	311	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27723907	313	315	US	T060	C0041618
27723907	335	343	reliable	T170	C3858758
27723907	344	361	diagnostic method	T060	C0086143
27723907	418	426	atypical	T080	C0205182
27723907	427	439	presentation	T078	C0449450
27723907	455	463	rule out	T169	C0332196
27723907	469	491	differential diagnoses	T060	C0011906
27723907	500	512	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
27723907	536	569	multidetector computed tomography	T060	C3179130
27723907	571	573	CT	T060	C3179130
27723907	615	638	false negative findings	T034	C0205558
27723907	642	651	operation	T061	C0543467
27723907	653	662	Extensive	T080	C0205231
27723907	674	696	uncritical application	T061	C0441485
27723907	720	728	children	T100	C0008059
27723907	759	777	radiation exposure	T037	C0418228
27723907	829	839	inadequate	T080	C0205412
27723907	840	851	performance	T052	C1882330
27723907	855	857	US	T060	C0041618
27723907	937	947	egocentric	T033	C0564559
27723907	951	959	economic	T169	C0013557
27723907	960	973	preponderance	T081	C0220900
27723907	1017	1019	US	T060	C0041618
27723907	1025	1027	CT	T060	C3179130
27723907	1032	1050	acute appendicitis	T047	C0003615
27723907	1082	1108	US with graded compression	T060	C0041618
27723907	1157	1167	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
27723907	1168	1186	acute appendicitis	T047	C0003615
27723907	1201	1207	visual	T169	C0234621
27723907	1208	1215	arousal	T041	C0003808
27723907	1216	1225	fostering	T056	C0242298
27723907	1254	1271	clinical medicine	T091	C0008964

27724977|t|Mesenchymal stem cells enhance the oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus in glioma cells and glioma stem cells via the secretion of TRAIL
27724977|a|Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus, which selectively exerts oncolytic effects in cancer cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to affect tumor growth and deliver anti-tumor agents to experimental glioblastoma (GBM). Here, we explored the effects of NDV - infected MSCs derived from different sources, on glioma cells and glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the mechanisms involved in their effects. The glioma cell lines (A172 and U87) and primary GSCs that were generated from GBM tumors were used in this study. MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue or umbilical cord were infected with NDV (MTH-68/H). The ability of these cells to deliver the virus to glioma cell lines and GSCs and the effects of NDV - infected MSCs on cell death and on the stemness and self-renewal of GSCs were examined. The mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic effects of the NDV - infected MSCs and their influence on the radiation sensitivity of GSCs were examined as well. NDV induced a dose-dependent cell death in glioma cells and a low level of apoptosis and inhibition of self-renewal in GSCs. MSCs derived from bone marrow, adipose and umbilical cord that were infected with NDV delivered the virus to co-cultured glioma cells and GSCs. Conditioned medium of NDV - infected MSCs induced higher level of apoptosis in the tumor cells compared with the apoptosis induced by their direct infection with similar virus titers. These results suggest that factor(s) secreted by the infected MSCs sensitized the glioma cells to the cytotoxic effects of NDV. We identified TRAIL as a mediator of the cytotoxic effects of the infected MSCs and demonstrated that TRAIL synergized with NDV in the induction of cell death in glioma cells and GSCs. Moreover, conditioned medium of infected MSCs enhanced the sensitivity of GSCs to γ-radiation. NDV - infected umbilical cord - derived MSCs may provide a novel effective therapeutic approach for targeting GSCs and GBM and for sensitizing these tumors to γ-radiation.
27724977	0	22	Mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
27724977	23	30	enhance	T052	C2349975
27724977	35	44	oncolytic	T080	C1518581
27724977	45	51	effect	T080	C1280500
27724977	55	78	Newcastle disease virus	T005	C0027984
27724977	82	88	glioma	T191	C0017638
27724977	89	94	cells	T025	C0007634
27724977	99	105	glioma	T191	C0017638
27724977	106	116	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27724977	125	134	secretion	T038	C0036536
27724977	138	143	TRAIL	T116,T123	C0385242
27724977	144	167	Newcastle disease virus	T005	C0027984
27724977	169	172	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	180	199	avian paramyxovirus	T005	C0206540
27724977	219	225	exerts	T040	C0015264
27724977	226	235	oncolytic	T080	C1518581
27724977	236	243	effects	T080	C1280500
27724977	247	259	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27724977	261	283	Mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
27724977	285	289	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	320	332	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27724977	337	344	deliver	T169	C1705822
27724977	345	362	anti-tumor agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27724977	366	378	experimental	T080	C1517586
27724977	379	391	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
27724977	393	396	GBM	T191	C0017636
27724977	421	431	effects of	T080	C1704420
27724977	432	435	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	438	446	infected	T033	C0439663
27724977	447	451	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	475	482	sources	T033	C0449416
27724977	487	493	glioma	T191	C0017638
27724977	494	499	cells	T025	C0007634
27724977	504	510	glioma	T191	C0017638
27724977	511	521	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27724977	523	527	GSCs	T025	C0038250
27724977	537	547	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27724977	566	573	effects	T080	C1280500
27724977	579	585	glioma	T191	C0017638
27724977	586	596	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27724977	598	602	A172	T025	C0085983
27724977	607	610	U87	T025	C0085983
27724977	616	623	primary	T080	C0205225
27724977	624	628	GSCs	T025	C0038250
27724977	639	648	generated	T052	C3146294
27724977	654	657	GBM	T191	C0017636
27724977	658	664	tumors	T191	C0027651
27724977	683	688	study	T062	C0681814
27724977	690	694	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	695	702	derived	T080	C1441547
27724977	708	719	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27724977	721	735	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27724977	739	753	umbilical cord	T018	C0041633
27724977	759	767	infected	T033	C0439663
27724977	773	776	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	778	786	MTH-68/H	T061	C0965740
27724977	793	800	ability	T032	C0085732
27724977	810	815	cells	T025	C0007634
27724977	819	826	deliver	T169	C1705822
27724977	831	836	virus	T005	C0042776
27724977	840	846	glioma	T191	C0017638
27724977	847	857	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27724977	862	866	GSCs	T025	C0038250
27724977	875	885	effects of	T080	C1704420
27724977	886	889	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	892	900	infected	T033	C0439663
27724977	901	905	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	909	919	cell death	T043	C0007587
27724977	931	939	stemness	T080	C0205556
27724977	944	956	self-renewal	T043	C1155711
27724977	960	964	GSCs	T025	C0038250
27724977	970	978	examined	T033	C0332128
27724977	984	994	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27724977	995	1003	involved	T169	C1314939
27724977	1011	1020	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27724977	1021	1031	effects of	T080	C1704420
27724977	1036	1039	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	1042	1050	infected	T033	C0439663
27724977	1051	1055	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	1066	1075	influence	T077	C4054723
27724977	1083	1104	radiation sensitivity	T032	C0034537
27724977	1108	1112	GSCs	T025	C0038250
27724977	1118	1126	examined	T033	C0332128
27724977	1136	1139	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	1140	1147	induced	T169	C0205263
27724977	1150	1164	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27724977	1165	1175	cell death	T043	C0007587
27724977	1179	1185	glioma	T191	C0017638
27724977	1186	1191	cells	T025	C0007634
27724977	1198	1201	low	T080	C0205251
27724977	1202	1207	level	T080	C0441889
27724977	1211	1220	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27724977	1225	1235	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27724977	1239	1251	self-renewal	T043	C1155711
27724977	1255	1259	GSCs	T025	C0038250
27724977	1261	1265	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	1266	1273	derived	T080	C1441547
27724977	1279	1290	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27724977	1292	1299	adipose	T024	C0001527
27724977	1304	1318	umbilical cord	T018	C0041633
27724977	1329	1337	infected	T033	C0439663
27724977	1343	1346	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	1347	1356	delivered	T169	C1705822
27724977	1361	1366	virus	T005	C0042776
27724977	1370	1381	co-cultured	T059	C0282547
27724977	1382	1388	glioma	T191	C0017638
27724977	1389	1394	cells	T025	C0007634
27724977	1399	1403	GSCs	T025	C0038250
27724977	1405	1423	Conditioned medium	T130	C0162518
27724977	1427	1430	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	1433	1441	infected	T033	C0439663
27724977	1442	1446	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	1447	1454	induced	T169	C0205263
27724977	1455	1461	higher	T080	C0205250
27724977	1462	1467	level	T080	C0441889
27724977	1471	1480	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27724977	1488	1499	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27724977	1500	1508	compared	T052	C1707455
27724977	1518	1527	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27724977	1528	1535	induced	T169	C0205263
27724977	1545	1561	direct infection	T047	C1707758
27724977	1567	1574	similar	T080	C2348205
27724977	1575	1587	virus titers	T081	C2713348
27724977	1595	1602	results	T033	C0683954
27724977	1603	1610	suggest	T078	C1705535
27724977	1616	1625	factor(s)	T169	C1521761
27724977	1626	1634	secreted	T043	C1327616
27724977	1642	1650	infected	T033	C0439663
27724977	1651	1655	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	1656	1666	sensitized	T025	C0312864
27724977	1671	1677	glioma	T191	C0017638
27724977	1678	1683	cells	T025	C0007634
27724977	1691	1700	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27724977	1701	1711	effects of	T080	C1704420
27724977	1712	1715	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	1720	1730	identified	T080	C0205396
27724977	1731	1736	TRAIL	T116,T123	C0385242
27724977	1742	1750	mediator	T080	C0205556
27724977	1758	1767	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27724977	1768	1778	effects of	T080	C1704420
27724977	1783	1791	infected	T033	C0439663
27724977	1792	1796	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	1801	1813	demonstrated	T080	C0205556
27724977	1819	1824	TRAIL	T116,T123	C0385242
27724977	1841	1844	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	1852	1861	induction	T169	C0205263
27724977	1865	1875	cell death	T043	C0007587
27724977	1879	1885	glioma	T191	C0017638
27724977	1886	1891	cells	T025	C0007634
27724977	1896	1900	GSCs	T025	C0038250
27724977	1912	1923	conditioned	T080	C0348080
27724977	1924	1930	medium	T081	C0439536
27724977	1934	1942	infected	T033	C0439663
27724977	1943	1947	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	1948	1956	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27724977	1976	1980	GSCs	T025	C0038250
27724977	1984	1995	γ-radiation	T070	C0017011
27724977	1997	2000	NDV	T005	C0027984
27724977	2003	2011	infected	T033	C0439663
27724977	2012	2026	umbilical cord	T018	C0041633
27724977	2029	2036	derived	T080	C1441547
27724977	2037	2041	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27724977	2056	2061	novel	T080	C0205314
27724977	2062	2071	effective	T080	C1704419
27724977	2072	2083	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27724977	2084	2092	approach	T082	C0449445
27724977	2097	2106	targeting	T169	C1521840
27724977	2107	2111	GSCs	T025	C0038250
27724977	2116	2119	GBM	T191	C0017636
27724977	2146	2152	tumors	T191	C0027651
27724977	2156	2167	γ-radiation	T070	C0017011

27725659|t|Rare deleterious mutations are associated with disease in bipolar disorder families
27725659|a|Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common, complex and heritable psychiatric disorder characterized by episodes of severe mood swings. The identification of rare, damaging genomic mutations in families with BD could inform about disease mechanisms and lead to new therapeutic interventions. To determine whether rare, damaging mutations shared identity-by-descent in families with BD could be associated with disease, exome sequencing was performed in multigenerational families of the NIMH BD Family Study followed by in silico functional prediction. Disease association and disease specificity was determined using 5090 exomes from the Sweden - Schizophrenia (SZ) Population -Based Case- Control Exome Sequencing study. We identified 14 rare and likely deleterious mutations in 14 genes that were shared identity-by-descent among affected family members. The variants were associated with BD (P<0.05 after Bonferroni's correction) and disease specificity was supported by the absence of the mutations in patients with SZ. In addition, we found rare, functional mutations in known causal genes for neuropsychiatric disorders including holoprosencephaly and epilepsy. Our results demonstrate that exome sequencing in multigenerational families with BD is effective in identifying rare genomic variants of potential clinical relevance and also disease modifiers related to coexisting medical conditions. Replication of our results and experimental validation are required before disease causation could be assumed.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 11 October 2016; doi:10.1038/mp.2016.181.
27725659	5	26	deleterious mutations	T049	C2985436
27725659	47	54	disease	T047	C0012634
27725659	58	74	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
27725659	75	83	families	T099	C0015576
27725659	84	100	Bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
27725659	102	104	BD	T048	C0005586
27725659	119	126	complex	T080	C0439855
27725659	131	140	heritable	T047	C0019247
27725659	141	161	psychiatric disorder	T048	C0004936
27725659	179	187	episodes	T048	C0338614
27725659	198	209	mood swings	T048	C0085633
27725659	248	265	genomic mutations	T045	C0596611
27725659	269	277	families	T099	C0015576
27725659	283	285	BD	T048	C0005586
27725659	305	312	disease	T047	C0012634
27725659	340	365	therapeutic interventions	T061	C0808232
27725659	403	412	mutations	T045	C0596611
27725659	443	451	families	T099	C0015576
27725659	457	459	BD	T048	C0005586
27725659	485	492	disease	T047	C0012634
27725659	494	510	exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
27725659	528	545	multigenerational	T079	C0079411
27725659	546	554	families	T099	C0015576
27725659	562	566	NIMH	T093	C0027466
27725659	567	569	BD	T048	C0005586
27725659	570	582	Family Study	T060	C0199236
27725659	595	626	in silico functional prediction	T063	C1514534
27725659	628	647	Disease association	T079	C1511978
27725659	652	659	disease	T047	C0012634
27725659	660	671	specificity	T081	C0037791
27725659	698	704	exomes	T028	C3178814
27725659	714	720	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27725659	723	736	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27725659	738	740	SZ	T048	C0036341
27725659	742	752	Population	T081	C0032659
27725659	766	796	Control Exome Sequencing study	T063	C3640077
27725659	831	852	deleterious mutations	T049	C2985436
27725659	859	864	genes	T028	C0017337
27725659	917	931	family members	T099	C0086282
27725659	937	945	variants	T028	C0678941
27725659	967	969	BD	T048	C0005586
27725659	984	1007	Bonferroni's correction	T170	C0237913
27725659	1013	1020	disease	T047	C0012634
27725659	1021	1032	specificity	T081	C0037791
27725659	1069	1078	mutations	T045	C0596611
27725659	1082	1090	patients	T101	C0030705
27725659	1096	1098	SZ	T048	C0036341
27725659	1128	1148	functional mutations	T033	C4313936
27725659	1158	1170	causal genes	T028	C0017337
27725659	1175	1201	neuropsychiatric disorders	T047	C3203509
27725659	1212	1229	holoprosencephaly	T019	C0079541
27725659	1234	1242	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27725659	1273	1289	exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
27725659	1293	1310	multigenerational	T079	C0079411
27725659	1311	1319	families	T099	C0015576
27725659	1325	1327	BD	T048	C0005586
27725659	1361	1377	genomic variants	T045	C2717924
27725659	1391	1409	clinical relevance	T033	C1953337
27725659	1419	1426	disease	T047	C0012634
27725659	1448	1458	coexisting	T047	C0679225
27725659	1459	1477	medical conditions	T048	C1410011
27725659	1554	1571	disease causation	T169	C1314792

27725792|t|The Discrepancy between Patient and Clinician Reported Function in Extremity Bone Metastases
27725792|a|Background. The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system measures function and is commonly used but criticized because it was developed to be completed by the clinician and not by the patient. We therefore evaluated if there is a difference between patient and clinician reported function using the MSTS score. Methods. 128 patients with bone metastasis of the lower (n = 100) and upper (n = 28) extremity completed the MSTS score. The MSTS score consists of six domains, scored on a 0 to 5 scale and transformed into an overall score ranging from 0 to 100% with a higher score indicating better function. The MSTS score was also derived from clinicians' reports in the medical record. Results. The median age was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 55-71) and the study included 74 (58%) women. We found that the clinicians' MSTS score (median: 65, IQR: 49-83) overestimated the function as compared to the patient perceived score (median: 57, IQR: 40-70) by 8 points (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Clinician reports overestimate function as compared to the patient perceived score. This is important for acknowledging when informing patients about the expected outcome of treatment and for understanding patients' perceptions.
27725792	4	15	Discrepancy	T033	C1290905
27725792	24	31	Patient	T101	C0030705
27725792	36	45	Clinician	T097	C0871685
27725792	46	54	Reported	T170	C0684224
27725792	55	63	Function	T042	C0231542
27725792	77	92	Bone Metastases	T191	C0153690
27725792	109	160	Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system	T170	C4054451
27725792	170	178	function	T042	C0231542
27725792	204	214	criticized	T054	C0870379
27725792	246	255	completed	T080	C0205197
27725792	263	272	clinician	T097	C0871685
27725792	288	295	patient	T101	C0030705
27725792	310	319	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27725792	353	360	patient	T101	C0030705
27725792	365	374	clinician	T097	C0871685
27725792	375	383	reported	T170	C0684224
27725792	384	392	function	T042	C0231542
27725792	403	413	MSTS score	T170	C4054451
27725792	428	436	patients	T101	C0030705
27725792	442	457	bone metastasis	T191	C0153690
27725792	465	470	lower	T023	C0023216
27725792	485	509	upper (n = 28) extremity	T023	C1140618
27725792	510	519	completed	T080	C0205197
27725792	524	534	MSTS score	T170	C4054451
27725792	540	550	MSTS score	T170	C4054451
27725792	633	638	score	T081	C0449820
27725792	676	681	score	T081	C0449820
27725792	700	708	function	T042	C0231542
27725792	714	724	MSTS score	T170	C4054451
27725792	747	758	clinicians'	T097	C0871685
27725792	759	766	reports	T170	C0684224
27725792	774	788	medical record	T170	C0025102
27725792	810	813	age	T032	C0001779
27725792	821	826	years	T079	C0439234
27725792	828	847	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27725792	849	852	IQR	T081	C1711350
27725792	870	875	study	T062	C2603343
27725792	894	899	women	T098	C0043210
27725792	919	930	clinicians'	T097	C0871685
27725792	931	941	MSTS score	T170	C4054451
27725792	955	958	IQR	T081	C1711350
27725792	967	980	overestimated	T081	C0750572
27725792	985	993	function	T042	C0231542
27725792	997	1005	compared	T052	C1707455
27725792	1013	1020	patient	T101	C0030705
27725792	1031	1036	score	T081	C0449820
27725792	1050	1053	IQR	T081	C1711350
27725792	1099	1108	Clinician	T097	C0871685
27725792	1109	1116	reports	T170	C0684224
27725792	1117	1129	overestimate	T081	C0750572
27725792	1130	1138	function	T042	C0231542
27725792	1142	1150	compared	T052	C1707455
27725792	1158	1165	patient	T101	C0030705
27725792	1176	1181	score	T081	C0449820
27725792	1224	1233	informing	T058	C0700287
27725792	1234	1242	patients	T101	C0030705
27725792	1262	1282	outcome of treatment	T080	C0085415
27725792	1305	1314	patients'	T101	C0030705
27725792	1315	1326	perceptions	T041	C0030971

27725796|t|Agency and Anxiety: Delusions of Control and Loss of Control in Schizophrenia and Agoraphobia
27725796|a|We review the distinction between sense of agency and sense of ownership, and then explore these concepts, and their reflective attributions, in schizophrenic symptoms and agoraphobia. We show how the underlying dynamics of these experiences are different across these disorders. We argue that these concepts are complex and cannot be reduced to neural mechanisms, but involve embodied and situated processes that include the physical and social environments. We conclude by arguing that the subjective and intersubjective dimensions of agency and ownership cannot be considered in isolation from one another, but instead form an interdependent pairing.
27725796	0	6	Agency	T033	C0516894
27725796	11	18	Anxiety	T033	C0003467
27725796	20	29	Delusions	T048	C0011253
27725796	64	77	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27725796	82	93	Agoraphobia	T048	C0001818
27725796	128	143	sense of agency	T033	C0516894
27725796	148	166	sense of ownership	T033	C0516951
27725796	191	199	concepts	T078	C0178566
27725796	211	221	reflective	T041	C0558058
27725796	222	234	attributions	T041	C0596130
27725796	239	252	schizophrenic	T048	C0036341
27725796	253	261	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27725796	266	277	agoraphobia	T048	C0001818
27725796	306	314	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27725796	324	335	experiences	T041	C0596545
27725796	363	372	disorders	T047	C0012634
27725796	394	402	concepts	T078	C0178566
27725796	407	414	complex	T080	C0439855
27725796	429	436	reduced	T080	C0392756
27725796	440	446	neural	T169	C3714606
27725796	447	457	mechanisms	T070	C0376706
27725796	471	502	embodied and situated processes	T067	C1522240
27725796	520	528	physical	T082	C0557720
27725796	533	552	social environments	T078	C0037414
27725796	586	627	subjective and intersubjective dimensions	T081	C0439534
27725796	631	637	agency	T033	C0516894
27725796	642	651	ownership	T033	C0516951
27725796	676	685	isolation	T169	C0205409
27725796	724	738	interdependent	T169	C3244310
27725796	739	746	pairing	T080	C1709450

27726295|t|Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and gallbladder cancer: a case-control study and meta-analysis
27726295|a|In Chile, where gallbladder cancer (GBC) rates are high and typhoid fever was endemic until the 1990s, we evaluated the association between Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) antibodies and GBC. We tested 39 GBC cases, 40 gallstone controls, and 39 population-based controls for S. Typhi Vi antibodies and performed culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for the subset with bile, gallstone, tissue, and stool samples available. We calculated gender and education-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association with GBC. We also conducted a meta-analysis of >1000 GBC cases by combining our results with previous studies. GBC cases were more likely to have high Vi antibody titer levels than combined controls (OR: 4.0, 95% CI: 0.9-18.3), although S. Typhi was not recovered from bile, gallstone, tissue, or stool samples. In our meta-analysis, the summary relative risk was 4.6 (95% CI: 3.1-6.8, P heterogeneity =0.6) for anti-Vi and 5.0 (95% CI: 2.7-9.3, P heterogeneity = 0.2) for bile or stool culture. Our results are consistent with the meta-analysis. Despite differences in study methods (e.g., S. Typhi detection assay), most studies found a positive association between S. Typhi and GBC. However, the mechanism underlying this association requires further investigation.
27726295	0	33	Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi	T007	C0036125
27726295	38	56	gallbladder cancer	T191	C0153452
27726295	60	78	case-control study	T062	C0007328
27726295	83	96	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27726295	100	106	Chile,	T083	C0008107
27726295	113	131	gallbladder cancer	T191	C0153452
27726295	133	136	GBC	T191	C0153452
27726295	138	143	rates	T081	C1521828
27726295	157	170	typhoid fever	T047	C0041466
27726295	203	212	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27726295	217	228	association	T080	C0439849
27726295	237	270	Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi	T007	C0036125
27726295	272	280	S. Typhi	T007	C0036125
27726295	282	292	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27726295	297	300	GBC	T191	C0153452
27726295	315	318	GBC	T191	C0153452
27726295	319	324	cases	T169	C0868928
27726295	329	338	gallstone	T031	C0242216
27726295	339	347	controls	T080	C0243148
27726295	356	381	population-based controls	T090	C0032662
27726295	386	408	S. Typhi Vi antibodies	T116,T129	C0443684
27726295	435	473	quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T063	C3179034
27726295	494	498	bile	T031	C0005388
27726295	500	509	gallstone	T031	C0242216
27726295	511	517	tissue	T024	C0040300
27726295	523	536	stool samples	T031	C1550661
27726295	562	568	gender	T032	C0079399
27726295	573	603	education-adjusted odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27726295	605	608	ORs	T081	C0028873
27726295	618	638	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27726295	640	643	CIs	T081	C0009667
27726295	653	664	association	T080	C0439849
27726295	670	673	GBC	T191	C0153452
27726295	695	708	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27726295	718	721	GBC	T191	C0153452
27726295	722	727	cases	T169	C0868928
27726295	776	779	GBC	T191	C0153452
27726295	780	785	cases	T169	C0868928
27726295	816	827	Vi antibody	T116,T129	C0443684
27726295	828	833	titer	T081	C0475208
27726295	834	840	levels	T080	C0441889
27726295	846	863	combined controls	T080	C0243148
27726295	878	880	CI	T081	C0009667
27726295	902	910	S. Typhi	T007	C0036125
27726295	915	928	not recovered	T033	C1709277
27726295	934	938	bile	T031	C0005388
27726295	940	949	gallstone	T031	C0242216
27726295	951	957	tissue	T024	C0040300
27726295	962	975	stool samples	T031	C1550661
27726295	984	997	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27726295	1011	1024	relative risk	T081	C0242492
27726295	1038	1040	CI	T081	C0009667
27726295	1053	1066	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27726295	1077	1084	anti-Vi	T116,T129	C0443684
27726295	1098	1100	CI	T081	C0009667
27726295	1113	1126	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27726295	1138	1142	bile	T031	C0005388
27726295	1146	1159	stool culture	T059	C0430414
27726295	1197	1210	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27726295	1256	1264	S. Typhi	T007	C0036125
27726295	1265	1280	detection assay	T059	C0005507
27726295	1304	1312	positive	T033	C1446409
27726295	1313	1324	association	T080	C0439849
27726295	1333	1341	S. Typhi	T007	C0036125
27726295	1346	1349	GBC	T191	C0153452
27726295	1390	1401	association	T080	C0439849

27726775|t|Multifaceted Functions of NOD-Like Receptor Proteins in Myeloid Cells at the Intersection of Innate and Adaptive Immunity
27726775|a|NOD-like receptor (NLR) proteins, as much as Toll-like receptor proteins, play a major role in modulating myeloid cells in their immune functions. There is still, however, limited knowledge on the expression and function of several of the mammalian NLR proteins in myeloid lineages. Still, the function of pyrin domain -containing NLR proteins and NLRC4 / NAIP as inflammasome components that drive interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 maturation and secretion upon pathogen stimulation is well established. NOD1, NOD2, NLRP3, and NLRC4 / NAIP act as bona fide pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) but also react to endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Ultimately, activation of these receptors achieves macrophage activation and maturation of dendritic cells to drive antigen-specific adaptive immune responses. Upon infection, sensing of invading pathogens and likely of DAMPs that are released in response to tissue injury is a process that involves multiple PRRs in both myeloid and epithelial cells, and these act in concert to design tailored, pathogen - adapted immune responses by induction of different cytokine profiles, giving rise to appropriate lymphocyte polarization.
27726775	13	22	Functions	T044	C1527118
27726775	26	52	NOD-Like Receptor Proteins	T116,T123	C4277661
27726775	56	69	Myeloid Cells	T025	C0887899
27726775	93	99	Innate	T032	C0020969
27726775	104	121	Adaptive Immunity	T039	C0678209
27726775	122	154	NOD-like receptor (NLR) proteins	T116,T123	C4277661
27726775	167	194	Toll-like receptor proteins	T116,T192	C0670896
27726775	228	241	myeloid cells	T025	C0887899
27726775	251	267	immune functions	T042	C1817756
27726775	319	329	expression	T045	C1171362
27726775	361	370	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27726775	371	383	NLR proteins	T116,T123	C4277661
27726775	387	403	myeloid lineages	T025	C0887899
27726775	428	440	pyrin domain	T087	C4277627
27726775	453	465	NLR proteins	T116,T123	C4277661
27726775	470	475	NLRC4	T116,T123	C1097385
27726775	478	482	NAIP	T116,T123	C0292991
27726775	486	498	inflammasome	T116,T123	C2936529
27726775	521	535	interleukin-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27726775	537	542	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27726775	548	553	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27726775	554	564	maturation	T043	C1327616
27726775	569	578	secretion	T043	C1327616
27726775	584	592	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27726775	593	604	stimulation	T070	C1948023
27726775	626	630	NOD1	T116	C3538768
27726775	632	636	NOD2	T116	C2698508
27726775	638	643	NLRP3	T116,T123	C4255055
27726775	649	654	NLRC4	T116,T123	C1097385
27726775	657	661	NAIP	T116,T123	C0292991
27726775	679	708	pattern recognition receptors	T116,T129,T192	C1564907
27726775	710	714	PRRs	T116,T129,T192	C1564907
27726775	727	764	microbe-associated molecular patterns	T085	C4046037
27726775	766	771	MAMPs	T085	C4046037
27726775	802	838	danger-associated molecular patterns	T116,T123	C3891560
27726775	840	845	DAMPs	T116,T123	C3891560
27726775	860	889	activation of these receptors	T043	C1514758
27726775	899	920	macrophage activation	T043	C0024426
27726775	925	935	maturation	T043	C1327616
27726775	939	954	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
27726775	964	980	antigen-specific	T129	C0456981
27726775	981	1006	adaptive immune responses	T040	C1749719
27726775	1013	1022	infection	T046	C3714514
27726775	1035	1043	invading	T080	C0332261
27726775	1044	1053	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27726775	1068	1073	DAMPs	T116,T123	C3891560
27726775	1107	1120	tissue injury	T037	C0010957
27726775	1157	1161	PRRs	T116,T129,T192	C1564907
27726775	1170	1177	myeloid	T025	C0887899
27726775	1182	1198	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27726775	1245	1253	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27726775	1256	1280	adapted immune responses	T040	C1749719
27726775	1307	1324	cytokine profiles	T081	C4086230
27726775	1353	1376	lymphocyte polarization	T043	C1326150

27727240|t|Social stress in adolescents induces depression and brain-region-specific modulation of the transcription factor MAX
27727240|a|MAX is a conserved constitutive small phosphoprotein from a network of transcription factors that are extensively studied in tumorigenesis and whose functions affect cell proliferation, differentiation and death. Inspired by its higher expression during development and in regions involved in emotional behaviors, we hypothesized its involvement in cerebral changes caused by early-life stress. We studied the effects of repeated social stress during adolescence on behaviors and on MAX and its putative partner MYC. Thirty-day-old C57BL/6 male mice underwent brief daily social defeat stress from an adult aggressor for 21 days. Following social stress episodes and housing in social groups after each defeat, adolescent mice exhibit depressive -like, but not anxiety -like behaviors and show higher MAX nuclear immunoreactivity in hippocampal (HC) but not prefrontal cortical (PFC) neurons. Conversely, MAX immunoreactivity is lower in the striatum (ST) of defeated adolescents. The positive correlation between MAX and MYC levels in the PFC revealed disruptions in both the HC and ST. The changes in MAX protein levels are not due to differential gene expression or protein degradation in those regions, suggesting that posttranscriptional modifications occurred. These findings indicate that repeated, brief social defeat in adolescent male mice, combined with group housing, is a useful protocol to study a subtype of depression that is dissociated from generalized (non-social) anxiety. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between dysregulation of the MAX - MYC network in the brain and a behavior, suggesting a novel approach for exploiting the neuroplasticity associated with depression.
27727240	0	13	Social stress	T048	C0871388
27727240	17	28	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27727240	37	47	depression	T048	C0011570
27727240	52	84	brain-region-specific modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27727240	92	112	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27727240	113	116	MAX	T116,T123	C0127092
27727240	117	120	MAX	T116,T123	C0127092
27727240	155	169	phosphoprotein	T116,T123	C0031689
27727240	188	209	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27727240	219	230	extensively	T080	C0205231
27727240	242	255	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621
27727240	283	301	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27727240	303	318	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27727240	323	328	death	T043	C0007587
27727240	346	352	higher	T080	C0205250
27727240	353	363	expression	T045	C1171362
27727240	371	382	development	T039	C0020119
27727240	410	419	emotional	T033	C0849912
27727240	420	429	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27727240	451	462	involvement	T169	C1314939
27727240	466	474	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27727240	475	482	changes	T169	C0392747
27727240	493	510	early-life stress	T046	C0449430
27727240	547	560	social stress	T048	C0871388
27727240	568	579	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27727240	583	592	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27727240	600	603	MAX	T116,T123	C0127092
27727240	629	632	MYC	T116,T123	C0919474
27727240	649	656	C57BL/6	T015	C1521751
27727240	657	661	male	T032	C0086582
27727240	662	666	mice	T015	C0026809
27727240	683	709	daily social defeat stress	T046	C0449430
27727240	757	770	social stress	T048	C0871388
27727240	784	791	housing	T096	C2983613
27727240	795	808	social groups	T096	C1642385
27727240	828	843	adolescent mice	T015	C0026809
27727240	852	862	depressive	T048	C0011581
27727240	878	885	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27727240	892	901	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27727240	911	917	higher	T080	C0205250
27727240	918	921	MAX	T116,T123	C0127092
27727240	930	946	immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
27727240	950	961	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27727240	963	965	HC	T023	C0019564
27727240	975	1008	prefrontal cortical (PFC) neurons	T025	C0027882
27727240	1022	1025	MAX	T116,T123	C0127092
27727240	1026	1042	immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
27727240	1059	1067	striatum	T023	C0010097
27727240	1069	1071	ST	T023	C0010097
27727240	1085	1096	adolescents	T015	C0026809
27727240	1131	1134	MAX	T116,T123	C0127092
27727240	1139	1142	MYC	T116,T123	C0919474
27727240	1143	1149	levels	T080	C0441889
27727240	1157	1160	PFC	T025	C0027882
27727240	1170	1181	disruptions	T169	C0332453
27727240	1194	1196	HC	T023	C0019564
27727240	1201	1203	ST	T023	C0010097
27727240	1220	1223	MAX	T116,T123	C0127092
27727240	1232	1238	levels	T080	C0441889
27727240	1254	1282	differential gene expression	T045	C0017262
27727240	1286	1305	protein degradation	T044	C0597297
27727240	1340	1373	posttranscriptional modifications	T045	C0035684
27727240	1390	1398	findings	T169	C2607943
27727240	1413	1421	repeated	T169	C0205341
27727240	1457	1461	male	T032	C0086582
27727240	1462	1466	mice	T015	C0026809
27727240	1482	1495	group housing	T096	C2983613
27727240	1509	1517	protocol	T170	C2348563
27727240	1521	1526	study	T062	C2603343
27727240	1529	1536	subtype	T185	C0449560
27727240	1540	1550	depression	T048	C0011570
27727240	1576	1587	generalized	T082	C0205246
27727240	1601	1608	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27727240	1700	1703	MAX	T116,T123	C0127092
27727240	1706	1709	MYC	T116,T123	C0919474
27727240	1725	1730	brain	T023	C0006104
27727240	1737	1745	behavior	T053	C0004927
27727240	1760	1765	novel	T080	C0205314
27727240	1794	1809	neuroplasticity	T042	C0027880
27727240	1810	1825	associated with	T080	C0332281
27727240	1826	1836	depression	T048	C0011570

27727312|t|Importance of Ecological Factors and Colony Handling for Optimizing Health Status of Apiaries in Mediterranean Ecosystems
27727312|a|We analyzed six apiaries in several natural environments with a Mediterranean ecosystem in Madrid, central Spain, in order to understand how landscape and management characteristics may influence apiary health and bee production in the long term. We focused on five criteria (habitat quality, landscape heterogeneity, climate, management and health), as well as 30 subcriteria, and we used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to rank them according to relevance. Habitat quality proved to have the highest relevance, followed by beehive management. Within habitat quality, the following subcriteria proved to be most relevant: orographic diversity, elevation range and important plant species located 1.5 km from the apiary. The most important subcriteria under beehive management were honey production, movement of the apiary to a location with a higher altitude and wax renewal. Temperature was the most important subcriterion under climate, while pathogen and Varroa loads were the most significant under health. Two of the six apiaries showed the best values in the AHP analysis and showed annual honey production of 70 and 28 kg/ colony. This high productivity was due primarily to high elevation range and high orographic diversity, which favored high habitat quality. In addition, one of these apiaries showed the best value for beehive management, while the other showed the best value for health, reflected in the low pathogen load and low average number of viruses. These results highlight the importance of environmental factors and good sanitary practices to maximize apiary health and honey productivity.
27727312	0	10	Importance	T080	C3898777
27727312	14	32	Ecological Factors	T077	C0870460
27727312	37	43	Colony	T078	C0441833
27727312	44	52	Handling	T033	C1832073
27727312	57	67	Optimizing	T052	C2698650
27727312	68	81	Health Status	T080	C0018759
27727312	85	93	Apiaries	T073	C3273359
27727312	97	110	Mediterranean	T098	C0240321
27727312	111	121	Ecosystems	T070	C0162358
27727312	125	133	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27727312	138	146	apiaries	T073	C3273359
27727312	158	178	natural environments	T082	C0557745
27727312	186	199	Mediterranean	T098	C0240321
27727312	200	209	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
27727312	213	219	Madrid	T083	C0037747
27727312	221	234	central Spain	T083	C0037747
27727312	248	258	understand	T041	C0162340
27727312	263	272	landscape	T082	C0870781
27727312	277	287	management	T170	C0680830
27727312	288	303	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27727312	308	317	influence	T077	C4054723
27727312	318	324	apiary	T073	C3273359
27727312	325	331	health	T078	C0018684
27727312	336	339	bee	T204	C0004923
27727312	358	367	long term	T079	C0443252
27727312	372	379	focused	T169	C1285542
27727312	388	396	criteria	T078	C0243161
27727312	398	405	habitat	T082	C0871648
27727312	406	413	quality	T080	C0332306
27727312	415	424	landscape	T082	C0870781
27727312	425	438	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27727312	440	447	climate	T070	C0008946
27727312	449	459	management	T170	C0680830
27727312	464	470	health	T078	C0018684
27727312	487	498	subcriteria	T078	C0243161
27727312	516	542	analytic hierarchy process	T062	C0035177
27727312	544	547	AHP	T062	C0035177
27727312	552	556	rank	T170	C0699794
27727312	575	584	relevance	T080	C2347946
27727312	586	593	Habitat	T082	C0871648
27727312	594	601	quality	T080	C0332306
27727312	629	638	relevance	T080	C2347946
27727312	652	659	beehive	T073	C3273359
27727312	660	670	management	T170	C0680830
27727312	679	686	habitat	T082	C0871648
27727312	687	694	quality	T080	C0332306
27727312	710	721	subcriteria	T078	C0243161
27727312	740	748	relevant	T080	C2347946
27727312	750	770	orographic diversity	T080	C1880371
27727312	772	781	elevation	T082	C0702240
27727312	782	787	range	T081	C1514721
27727312	792	801	important	T080	C3898777
27727312	802	807	plant	T002	C0032098
27727312	808	815	species	T185	C1705920
27727312	816	823	located	T082	C0332285
27727312	840	846	apiary	T073	C3273359
27727312	857	866	important	T080	C3898777
27727312	867	878	subcriteria	T078	C0243161
27727312	885	892	beehive	T073	C3273359
27727312	893	903	management	T170	C0680830
27727312	909	914	honey	T168	C0019906
27727312	915	925	production	T057	C0033268
27727312	943	949	apiary	T073	C3273359
27727312	955	963	location	T082	C0450429
27727312	978	986	altitude	T081	C0002349
27727312	991	994	wax	T122	C0004924
27727312	995	1002	renewal	T169	C0205245
27727312	1004	1015	Temperature	T081	C0039476
27727312	1039	1051	subcriterion	T078	C0243161
27727312	1058	1065	climate	T070	C0008946
27727312	1073	1081	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27727312	1086	1092	Varroa	T204	C0323623
27727312	1093	1098	loads	T033	C0243095
27727312	1113	1124	significant	T078	C0750502
27727312	1131	1137	health	T078	C0018684
27727312	1154	1162	apiaries	T073	C3273359
27727312	1174	1185	best values	T081	C1299381
27727312	1193	1196	AHP	T062	C0035177
27727312	1197	1205	analysis	T062	C0936012
27727312	1217	1223	annual	T079	C0332181
27727312	1224	1229	honey	T168	C0019906
27727312	1230	1240	production	T057	C0033268
27727312	1258	1264	colony	T078	C0441833
27727312	1276	1288	productivity	T081	C0033269
27727312	1315	1324	elevation	T082	C0702240
27727312	1325	1330	range	T081	C1514721
27727312	1340	1360	orographic diversity	T080	C1880371
27727312	1381	1388	habitat	T082	C0871648
27727312	1389	1396	quality	T080	C0332306
27727312	1424	1432	apiaries	T073	C3273359
27727312	1444	1454	best value	T081	C1299381
27727312	1459	1466	beehive	T073	C3273359
27727312	1467	1477	management	T170	C0680830
27727312	1506	1516	best value	T081	C1299381
27727312	1521	1527	health	T078	C0018684
27727312	1546	1549	low	T080	C0205251
27727312	1550	1558	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27727312	1559	1563	load	T033	C0243095
27727312	1568	1571	low	T080	C0205251
27727312	1572	1579	average	T081	C1510992
27727312	1580	1586	number	T081	C0237753
27727312	1590	1597	viruses	T005	C0042776
27727312	1605	1612	results	T169	C1274040
27727312	1627	1637	importance	T080	C3898777
27727312	1641	1662	environmental factors	T077	C0870460
27727312	1672	1690	sanitary practices	T169	C0205245
27727312	1703	1709	apiary	T073	C3273359
27727312	1710	1716	health	T078	C0018684
27727312	1721	1726	honey	T168	C0019906
27727312	1727	1739	productivity	T081	C0033269

27729000|t|Gas assisted method synthesis nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots and Hg (II) sensing
27729000|a|Nitrogen-doped fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CQDs) was prepared by gas-assisted method using cellulose as precursors under ammonia atmosphere, which not only exhibited excellent photoluminescent properties, but also showed highly selective and sensitive detection of mercury ion. The nitrogen-doped CQDs displayed excitation wavelength dependent fluorescent behavior with outstanding dispersibility. Moreover, they exhibited high tolerance to various external conditions, such as storage time, pH value, and ionic strength. The rapid detection of Hg (II) by one-step operation within 1 min and the good linear correlation between I0/I and Hg (II) concentration in the range of 10-100 nM made the nitrogen-doped CQDs a promising nanoprobe for Hg (II) detection. The detection limit of the nitrogen-doped CQDs is about 7.7 nM. Such a nanoprobe has been successfully applied for the analysis of Hg (II) in natural water samples, demonstrating excellent practical feasibility.
27729000	0	19	Gas assisted method	T059	C0201683
27729000	20	29	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27729000	30	44	nitrogen-doped	T123,T196	C0028158
27729000	45	51	carbon	T196	C0007009
27729000	52	64	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
27729000	69	76	Hg (II)	T196	C2347109
27729000	85	99	Nitrogen-doped	T123,T196	C0028158
27729000	100	111	fluorescent	T070	C0016315
27729000	112	118	carbon	T196	C0007009
27729000	119	131	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
27729000	133	137	CQDs	T073	C1258084
27729000	155	174	gas-assisted method	T059	C0201683
27729000	181	190	cellulose	T109,T123	C0007648
27729000	194	204	precursors	T078	C1709634
27729000	211	218	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27729000	266	293	photoluminescent properties	T070	C0596835
27729000	332	341	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27729000	355	366	mercury ion	T131,T196	C0025424
27729000	372	386	nitrogen-doped	T123,T196	C0028158
27729000	387	391	CQDs	T073	C1258084
27729000	413	423	wavelength	T081	C0449819
27729000	434	454	fluorescent behavior	T070	C0016315
27729000	518	527	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27729000	568	575	storage	T169	C1698986
27729000	576	580	time	T079	C0040223
27729000	582	590	pH value	T081	C0020283
27729000	596	610	ionic strength	T081	C0086486
27729000	616	621	rapid	T080	C0456962
27729000	635	642	Hg (II)	T196	C2347109
27729000	691	709	linear correlation	T080	C1707520
27729000	727	734	Hg (II)	T196	C2347109
27729000	784	798	nitrogen-doped	T123,T196	C0028158
27729000	799	803	CQDs	T073	C1258084
27729000	816	825	nanoprobe	T073	C1881978
27729000	830	837	Hg (II)	T196	C2347109
27729000	876	890	nitrogen-doped	T123,T196	C0028158
27729000	891	895	CQDs	T073	C1258084
27729000	920	929	nanoprobe	T073	C1881978
27729000	968	976	analysis	T062	C0936012
27729000	980	987	Hg (II)	T196	C2347109
27729000	991	1012	natural water samples	T167	C0729789
27729000	1028	1059	excellent practical feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730

27729085|t|Chordoma dedifferentiation after proton beam therapy: a case report and review of the literature
27729085|a|Chordoma is a rare invasive bone tumor that may occur anywhere along the neuraxis. A total of three primary histological varieties have been identified: conventional, chondroid, and dedifferentiated. We report a case of an 8-year-old white girl who presented with conventional chordoma, was treated with surgical resection and mixed proton and photon beam therapy, and had a recurrence in the resection cavity 2.5 years later with dedifferentiated morphology. The recurrent tumor did not express brachyury, a recently identified protein specific to tissue of notochordal origin. The short time period between radiation therapy and dedifferentiation, low dose of photons, and rarity of dedifferentiated skull base chordomas in pediatric patients should alert clinicians to the possibility of chordoma dedifferentiation after proton beam therapy.
27729085	0	26	Chordoma dedifferentiation	T191	C1266174
27729085	33	52	proton beam therapy	T061	C2169187
27729085	56	67	case report	T170	C0007320
27729085	72	96	review of the literature	T170	C0282441
27729085	97	105	Chordoma	T191	C0008487
27729085	111	115	rare	T080	C0522498
27729085	116	124	invasive	T080	C0205281
27729085	125	135	bone tumor	T191	C0005967
27729085	170	178	neuraxis	T082	C1522496
27729085	197	204	primary	T080	C0205225
27729085	205	227	histological varieties	T191	C0027652
27729085	238	248	identified	T080	C0205396
27729085	250	262	conventional	T191	C0008487
27729085	264	273	chondroid	T191	C1266173
27729085	279	295	dedifferentiated	T191	C1266174
27729085	300	306	report	T170	C0684224
27729085	309	313	case	T077	C1706256
27729085	331	336	white	T098	C0007457
27729085	337	341	girl	T100	C0870604
27729085	361	382	conventional chordoma	T191	C0008487
27729085	388	395	treated	T033	C0332154
27729085	401	419	surgical resection	T061	C0015252
27729085	424	429	mixed	T169	C0205430
27729085	430	436	proton	T070	C0729603
27729085	441	460	photon beam therapy	T061	C3539769
27729085	472	482	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27729085	490	506	resection cavity	T020	C1515091
27729085	528	555	dedifferentiated morphology	T191	C1266174
27729085	561	576	recurrent tumor	T191	C0521158
27729085	585	592	express	T045	C1171362
27729085	593	602	brachyury	T116,T123	C0170844
27729085	606	614	recently	T079	C0332185
27729085	615	625	identified	T080	C0205396
27729085	626	633	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27729085	634	642	specific	T080	C0205369
27729085	646	652	tissue	T024	C0040300
27729085	656	667	notochordal	T018	C0028439
27729085	668	674	origin	T079	C0439659
27729085	680	685	short	T081	C1806781
27729085	686	697	time period	T079	C1948053
27729085	706	723	radiation therapy	T061	C2169187
27729085	728	745	dedifferentiation	T043	C2248595
27729085	747	755	low dose	T081	C0445550
27729085	759	766	photons	T167	C0086805
27729085	772	778	rarity	T080	C0522498
27729085	782	819	dedifferentiated skull base chordomas	T191	C2164487
27729085	823	832	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27729085	833	841	patients	T101	C0030705
27729085	849	854	alert	T169	C3665546
27729085	855	865	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27729085	873	884	possibility	T033	C0332149
27729085	888	914	chordoma dedifferentiation	T191	C1266174
27729085	921	940	proton beam therapy	T061	C2169187

27729252|t|Lower perinatal mortality in preterm born twins than in singletons: a nationwide study from The Netherlands
27729252|a|Twin pregnancies are at increased risk for perinatal morbidity and death because of many factors that include a high incidence of preterm delivery. Compared with singleton pregnancies, overall perinatal risk of death is higher in twin pregnancies; however, for the preterm period, the perinatal mortality rate has been reported to be lower in twins. The purpose of this study was to compare perinatal mortality rates in relation to gestational age at birth between singleton and twin pregnancies, taking into account socioeconomic status, fetal sex, and parity. We studied perinatal mortality rates according to gestational age at birth in 1,502,120 singletons pregnancies and 51,658 twin pregnancies without congenital malformations who were delivered between 2002 and 2010 after 28 weeks of gestation. Data were collected from the nationwide Netherlands Perinatal Registry. Overall the perinatal mortality rate in twin pregnancies (6.6/1000 infants) was higher than in singleton pregnancies (4.1/1000 infants). However, in the preterm period, the perinatal mortality rate in twin pregnancies was substantially lower than in singleton pregnancies (10.4 per 1000 infants as compared with 34.5 per 1000 infants, respectively) for infants who were born at <37 weeks of gestation; this held especially for antepartum deaths. After 39 weeks of gestation, the perinatal mortality rate was high er in twin pregnancies. Differences in parity, fetal sex, and socioeconomic status did not explain the observed differences in outcome. Overall the perinatal mortality rate was higher in twin pregnancies than in singleton pregnancies, which is most likely caused by the high preterm birth rate in twins and not by a higher mortality rate for gestation, apart from term pregnancies. During the preterm period, the antepartum mortality rate was much lower in twin pregnancies than in singleton pregnancies. We suggest that this might be partially due to a closer monitoring of twin pregnancies, which indirectly suggests a need for closer surveillance of singleton pregnancies.
27729252	0	5	Lower	T080	C0205251
27729252	6	25	perinatal mortality	T033	C0701826
27729252	29	47	preterm born twins	T101	C0233318
27729252	56	66	singletons	T033	C4284193
27729252	70	80	nationwide	T092	C1555720
27729252	81	86	study	T062	C2603343
27729252	96	107	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
27729252	108	124	Twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27729252	132	146	increased risk	T033	C0332167
27729252	151	170	perinatal morbidity	T046	C0848215
27729252	175	180	death	T040	C0011065
27729252	197	204	factors	T169	C1521761
27729252	210	217	include	T052	C2700399
27729252	220	224	high	T080	C0205250
27729252	225	234	incidence	T081	C0021149
27729252	238	254	preterm delivery	T033	C0151526
27729252	256	264	Compared	T052	C1707455
27729252	270	291	singleton pregnancies	T040	C0341899
27729252	293	300	overall	T080	C1561607
27729252	301	315	perinatal risk	T033	C1171167
27729252	319	324	death	T040	C0011065
27729252	328	334	higher	T080	C0205250
27729252	338	354	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27729252	373	387	preterm period	T079	C2964377
27729252	393	412	perinatal mortality	T033	C0701826
27729252	413	417	rate	T081	C1521828
27729252	427	435	reported	T058	C0700287
27729252	442	447	lower	T080	C0205251
27729252	451	456	twins	T033	C0233365
27729252	462	469	purpose	T169	C1285529
27729252	478	483	study	T062	C2603343
27729252	491	498	compare	T052	C1707455
27729252	499	518	perinatal mortality	T033	C0701826
27729252	519	524	rates	T081	C1521828
27729252	528	539	relation to	T080	C0205345
27729252	540	555	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27729252	559	564	birth	T040	C0005615
27729252	573	582	singleton	T040	C0341899
27729252	587	603	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27729252	617	624	account	T033	C0518609
27729252	625	645	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
27729252	647	656	fetal sex	T032	C4086850
27729252	662	668	parity	T033	C0030563
27729252	673	680	studied	T062	C2603343
27729252	681	700	perinatal mortality	T033	C0701826
27729252	701	706	rates	T081	C1521828
27729252	707	716	according	T054	C0680240
27729252	720	735	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27729252	739	744	birth	T040	C0005615
27729252	758	780	singletons pregnancies	T040	C0341899
27729252	792	808	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27729252	817	841	congenital malformations	T019	C0000768
27729252	851	860	delivered	T040	C0005615
27729252	901	910	gestation	T040	C0032961
27729252	912	931	Data were collected	T062	C0010995
27729252	941	951	nationwide	T092	C1555720
27729252	952	963	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
27729252	964	973	Perinatal	T079	C0178795
27729252	974	982	Registry	T058	C1514821
27729252	984	991	Overall	T080	C1561607
27729252	996	1015	perinatal mortality	T033	C0701826
27729252	1016	1020	rate	T081	C1521828
27729252	1024	1040	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27729252	1051	1058	infants	T100	C0021270
27729252	1064	1070	higher	T080	C0205250
27729252	1079	1100	singleton pregnancies	T040	C0341899
27729252	1111	1118	infants	T100	C0021270
27729252	1137	1151	preterm period	T079	C2964377
27729252	1157	1176	perinatal mortality	T033	C0701826
27729252	1177	1181	rate	T081	C1521828
27729252	1185	1201	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27729252	1220	1225	lower	T080	C0205251
27729252	1234	1255	singleton pregnancies	T040	C0341899
27729252	1271	1278	infants	T100	C0021270
27729252	1282	1290	compared	T052	C1707455
27729252	1310	1317	infants	T100	C0021270
27729252	1337	1344	infants	T100	C0021270
27729252	1354	1358	born	T040	C0005615
27729252	1375	1384	gestation	T040	C0032961
27729252	1411	1421	antepartum	T079	C0456336
27729252	1422	1428	deaths	T040	C0011065
27729252	1448	1457	gestation	T040	C0032961
27729252	1463	1482	perinatal mortality	T033	C0701826
27729252	1483	1487	rate	T081	C1521828
27729252	1492	1496	high	T080	C0205250
27729252	1503	1519	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27729252	1521	1532	Differences	T081	C1705241
27729252	1536	1542	parity	T033	C0030563
27729252	1544	1553	fetal sex	T032	C4086850
27729252	1559	1579	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
27729252	1600	1608	observed	T169	C1441672
27729252	1609	1620	differences	T081	C1705241
27729252	1624	1631	outcome	T033	C0032972
27729252	1633	1640	Overall	T080	C1561607
27729252	1645	1664	perinatal mortality	T033	C0701826
27729252	1665	1669	rate	T081	C1521828
27729252	1674	1680	higher	T080	C0205250
27729252	1684	1700	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27729252	1709	1730	singleton pregnancies	T040	C0341899
27729252	1741	1752	most likely	T078	C0750501
27729252	1767	1771	high	T080	C0205250
27729252	1772	1779	preterm	T079	C2964377
27729252	1780	1790	birth rate	T081	C0005608
27729252	1794	1799	twins	T033	C0233365
27729252	1813	1819	higher	T080	C0205250
27729252	1820	1834	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27729252	1839	1848	gestation	T040	C0032961
27729252	1861	1877	term pregnancies	T040	C0232991
27729252	1890	1904	preterm period	T079	C2964377
27729252	1910	1920	antepartum	T079	C0456336
27729252	1921	1935	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27729252	1945	1950	lower	T080	C0205251
27729252	1954	1970	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27729252	1979	2000	singleton pregnancies	T040	C0341899
27729252	2032	2041	partially	T081	C0728938
27729252	2051	2057	closer	T033	C3810854
27729252	2058	2068	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27729252	2072	2088	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27729252	2096	2106	indirectly	T080	C0439852
27729252	2118	2122	need	T080	C0027552
27729252	2127	2133	closer	T033	C3810854
27729252	2134	2146	surveillance	T061	C0038842
27729252	2150	2171	singleton pregnancies	T040	C0341899

27729641|t|Intracellular localization of Saffold virus Leader (L) protein differs in Vero and HEp-2 cells
27729641|a|The Saffold virus (SAFV) genome is translated as a single long polyprotein precursor and co-translationally cleaved to yield 12 separate viral proteins. Little is known about the activities of SAFV proteins although their homologs in other picornaviruses have already been described. To further support research on functions and activities of respective viral proteins, we investigated the spatio-temporal distribution of SAFV proteins in Vero and HEp-2 cells that had been either transfected with plasmids that express individual viral proteins or infected with live SAFV. Our results revealed that, with the exception of the Leader (L) protein, all viral proteins were localized in the cytoplasm at all the time points assayed. The L protein was found in the cytoplasm at an early time point but was subsequently translocated to the nucleus of HEp-2, but not Vero, cells. This was observed in both transfected and infected cells. Further mutational analysis of L protein revealed that Threonine 58 of the Ser / Thr -rich domain of L protein is crucial for protein trafficking between the cytoplasm and nucleus in HEp-2 cells. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding and stimulate investigation of the differetial cellular responses of HEp-2 cells in comparison to other mammalian cell lines during SAFV infection.
27729641	0	13	Intracellular	T082	C0178719
27729641	14	26	localization	T169	C0475264
27729641	30	43	Saffold virus	T005	C0031886
27729641	44	62	Leader (L) protein	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	74	78	Vero	T025	C0042542
27729641	83	94	HEp-2 cells	T025	C0018873
27729641	99	112	Saffold virus	T005	C0031886
27729641	114	118	SAFV	T005	C0031886
27729641	120	126	genome	T028	C0042720
27729641	130	140	translated	T045	C1519614
27729641	146	152	single	T081	C0205171
27729641	153	157	long	T080	C0205166
27729641	158	179	polyprotein precursor	T116,T123	C0033665
27729641	184	202	co-translationally	T045	C1519614
27729641	203	210	cleaved	T082	C0205242
27729641	223	231	separate	T080	C0443299
27729641	232	246	viral proteins	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	274	284	activities	T052	C0441655
27729641	288	292	SAFV	T005	C0031886
27729641	293	301	proteins	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	317	325	homologs	T085	C0162774
27729641	335	349	picornaviruses	T005	C1265371
27729641	368	377	described	T078	C1552738
27729641	390	397	support	T077	C1521721
27729641	398	406	research	T062	C0035168
27729641	410	419	functions	T169	C0542341
27729641	424	434	activities	T052	C0441655
27729641	449	463	viral proteins	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	468	480	investigated	T169	C1292732
27729641	485	513	spatio-temporal distribution	T062	C3494293
27729641	517	521	SAFV	T005	C0031886
27729641	522	530	proteins	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	534	538	Vero	T025	C0042542
27729641	543	554	HEp-2 cells	T025	C0018873
27729641	576	587	transfected	T063	C0040669
27729641	593	601	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
27729641	607	614	express	T045	C1171362
27729641	626	640	viral proteins	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	644	652	infected	T046	C3714514
27729641	658	662	live	T080	C1548795
27729641	663	667	SAFV	T005	C0031886
27729641	673	680	results	T033	C0683954
27729641	681	689	revealed	T080	C0443289
27729641	705	714	exception	T077	C1705847
27729641	722	740	Leader (L) protein	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	746	760	viral proteins	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	766	775	localized	T082	C0392752
27729641	783	792	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27729641	804	815	time points	T079	C0439547
27729641	816	823	assayed	T059	C1510438
27729641	829	838	L protein	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	856	865	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27729641	872	877	early	T079	C1279919
27729641	878	888	time point	T079	C2348792
27729641	897	909	subsequently	T079	C0332282
27729641	910	922	translocated	T043	C0599893
27729641	930	937	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27729641	941	946	HEp-2	T025	C0018873
27729641	956	960	Vero	T025	C0042542
27729641	962	967	cells	T025	C0007634
27729641	978	986	observed	T169	C1441672
27729641	995	1006	transfected	T063	C0040669
27729641	1011	1019	infected	T046	C3714514
27729641	1020	1025	cells	T025	C0007634
27729641	1035	1054	mutational analysis	T059	C0796357
27729641	1058	1067	L protein	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	1068	1076	revealed	T080	C0443289
27729641	1082	1094	Threonine 58	T116,T121,T123	C0040005
27729641	1102	1105	Ser	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27729641	1108	1111	Thr	T116,T121,T123	C0040005
27729641	1118	1124	domain	T087	C1514562
27729641	1128	1137	L protein	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	1153	1160	protein	T116,T123	C0042736
27729641	1161	1172	trafficking	T043	C0599896
27729641	1185	1194	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27729641	1199	1206	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27729641	1210	1221	HEp-2 cells	T025	C0018873
27729641	1229	1237	findings	T033	C0243095
27729641	1289	1302	investigation	T169	C1292732
27729641	1310	1321	differetial	T080	C0443199
27729641	1322	1330	cellular	T025	C0007634
27729641	1331	1340	responses	T032	C0871261
27729641	1344	1355	HEp-2 cells	T025	C0018873
27729641	1359	1369	comparison	T052	C1707455
27729641	1379	1388	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27729641	1389	1399	cell lines	T025	C0007600
27729641	1407	1411	SAFV	T005	C0031886
27729641	1412	1421	infection	T046	C3714514

27730636|t|Assessment of interbreeding and introgression of farm genes into a small Scottish Atlantic salmon Salmo salar stock: ad hoc samples - ad hoc results?
27730636|a|An eclectic set of tissues and existing data, including purposely collected samples, spanning 1997-2006, was used in an ad hoc assessment of hybridization and introgression of farmed wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the small Loch na Thull (LnT) catchment in north-west Scotland. The catchment is in an area of marine farm production and contains freshwater smolt rearing cages. The LnT S. salar stock was found to be genetically distinctive from stocks in neighbouring rivers and, despite regular reports of feral farm S. salar, there was no evidence of physical or genetic mixing. This cannot be completely ruled out, however, and low level mixing with other local wild stocks has been suggested. The LnT population appeared underpinned by relatively smaller effective number of breeders (Neb) and showed relatively low levels of genetic diversity, consistent with a small effective population size. Small sample sizes, an incomplete farm baseline and the use of non-diagnostic molecular markers, constrain the power of the analysis but the findings strongly support the LnT catchment having a genetically distinct wild S. salar population little affected by interbreeding with feral farm escapes.
27730636	0	10	Assessment	T062	C0242481
27730636	14	27	interbreeding	T045	C0020202
27730636	32	45	introgression	T169	C0205245
27730636	49	53	farm	T082	C0557759
27730636	54	59	genes	T028	C0017337
27730636	67	72	small	T081	C0700321
27730636	73	109	Scottish Atlantic salmon Salmo salar	T013	C0327949
27730636	110	115	stock	T078	C0441833
27730636	117	131	ad hoc samples	T167	C0370003
27730636	134	148	ad hoc results	T169	C1274040
27730636	153	165	eclectic set	T077	C1705195
27730636	169	176	tissues	T024	C0040300
27730636	181	189	existing	T080	C2347662
27730636	190	194	data	T078	C1511726
27730636	216	225	collected	T078	C1516695
27730636	226	233	samples	T167	C0370003
27730636	235	243	spanning	T079	C1254367
27730636	270	287	ad hoc assessment	T062	C0242481
27730636	291	304	hybridization	T045	C0020202
27730636	309	322	introgression	T169	C0205245
27730636	326	365	farmed wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar	T013	C0327949
27730636	373	378	small	T081	C0700321
27730636	379	408	Loch na Thull (LnT) catchment	T083	C2360150
27730636	412	431	north-west Scotland	T083	C0036453
27730636	437	446	catchment	T083	C2360150
27730636	456	460	area	T083	C0017446
27730636	464	470	marine	T001	C0599383
27730636	471	475	farm	T082	C0557759
27730636	500	510	freshwater	T167	C0016710
27730636	511	530	smolt rearing cages	T073	C0179512
27730636	536	539	LnT	T083	C2360150
27730636	540	548	S. salar	T013	C0327949
27730636	549	554	stock	T078	C0441833
27730636	571	582	genetically	T080	C0205556
27730636	600	606	stocks	T078	C0441833
27730636	610	622	neighbouring	T082	C0205107
27730636	623	629	rivers	T070	C0337050
27730636	662	672	feral farm	T082	C0557759
27730636	673	681	S. salar	T013	C0327949
27730636	693	707	no evidence of	T080	C0332125
27730636	708	716	physical	T169	C0205485
27730636	720	727	genetic	T169	C0314603
27730636	728	734	mixing	T169	C0205430
27730636	751	761	completely	T080	C0205197
27730636	762	771	ruled out	T033	C0205160
27730636	786	789	low	T080	C0205251
27730636	790	795	level	T080	C0441889
27730636	796	802	mixing	T169	C0205430
27730636	814	819	local	T082	C0205276
27730636	820	831	wild stocks	T078	C0441833
27730636	856	859	LnT	T083	C2360150
27730636	860	870	population	T098	C1257890
27730636	906	913	smaller	T081	C0700321
27730636	914	942	effective number of breeders	T081	C0392762
27730636	944	947	Neb	T081	C0392762
27730636	971	974	low	T080	C0205251
27730636	975	981	levels	T080	C0441889
27730636	985	1002	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27730636	1022	1027	small	T081	C0700321
27730636	1028	1037	effective	T080	C1704419
27730636	1038	1053	population size	T081	C0032683
27730636	1055	1060	Small	T081	C0700321
27730636	1061	1073	sample sizes	T081	C0242618
27730636	1078	1088	incomplete	T080	C0205257
27730636	1089	1093	farm	T082	C0557759
27730636	1094	1102	baseline	T081	C1442488
27730636	1111	1117	use of	T169	C1524063
27730636	1118	1150	non-diagnostic molecular markers	T201	C0005516
27730636	1152	1161	constrain	T077	C1707494
27730636	1179	1187	analysis	T062	C0936012
27730636	1196	1204	findings	T169	C2607943
27730636	1226	1239	LnT catchment	T083	C2360150
27730636	1249	1260	genetically	T080	C0205556
27730636	1270	1283	wild S. salar	T013	C0327949
27730636	1284	1294	population	T098	C1257890
27730636	1314	1327	interbreeding	T045	C0020202
27730636	1333	1343	feral farm	T082	C0557759
27730636	1344	1351	escapes	T080	C0205556

27731485|t|Oral health-related quality of life in the elderly population receiving health care at the public hospital network in Medellín, Colombia, and its related factors
27731485|a|Metrosalud is the largest public hospital network in the city of Medellin and one of the most important in Colombia providing health care to the most vulnerable population. The objective of the study was to determine the Oral HealthRelated Quality of Life (OHRQoL) and its related factors in the elderly population receiving health care at the public hospital network in Medellin (Colombia). A crosssectional design was used. Men and women ≥ 65 years old were considered for this research, selected from first consultation records by the institution's statistical unit for 2011, who accepted to participate after being contacted by telephone. Sampling was performed in two stages: simple random sampling for selecting Hospital Units HU and Health Centers HC throughout the hospital network in the city, followed by random quota sampling in proportion to the number of elderly population assigned to each HU and HC. A total 342 patients (58.2% women) participated in the study. The project involved the use of a structured questionnaire and complete dental examination with information on sociodemographic data, selfperceived health variables (mental, general and oral), use of oral health services, Oral HealthRelated Quality of Life (OHRQoL as measured with GOHAI index), temporomandibular joint test, oral mucosa, soft tissue evaluation, periodontal, dental and prosthetic examination. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted to determine statistically significant differences. Multivariate analysis was performed, using logistic regression, calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Impacts were found to be generated by education levels, differences in socioeconomic status and urban or rural housing conditions. The results of this research show low OHRQoL levels in the elderly population receiving health care services at the public hospital network in Medellin.
27731485	0	4	Oral	T082	C0442027
27731485	5	35	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27731485	43	61	elderly population	T098	C0001792
27731485	72	83	health care	T058	C0086388
27731485	91	106	public hospital	T073,T093	C0020022
27731485	107	114	network	T169	C1882071
27731485	118	126	Medellín	T083	C0017446
27731485	128	136	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27731485	146	153	related	T080	C0439849
27731485	154	161	factors	T169	C1521761
27731485	162	172	Metrosalud	T093	C1708333
27731485	180	187	largest	T081	C0443228
27731485	188	203	public hospital	T073,T093	C0020022
27731485	204	211	network	T169	C1882071
27731485	219	223	city	T083	C0008848
27731485	227	235	Medellin	T083	C0017446
27731485	256	265	important	T080	C3898777
27731485	269	277	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27731485	288	299	health care	T058	C0086388
27731485	312	333	vulnerable population	T098	C0949366
27731485	339	348	objective	T170	C0018017
27731485	356	361	study	T062	C2603343
27731485	383	387	Oral	T082	C0442027
27731485	388	417	HealthRelated Quality of Life	T078	C4279947
27731485	419	425	OHRQoL	T078	C4279947
27731485	435	442	related	T080	C0439849
27731485	443	450	factors	T169	C1521761
27731485	458	476	elderly population	T098	C0001792
27731485	487	498	health care	T058	C0086388
27731485	506	521	public hospital	T073,T093	C0020022
27731485	522	529	network	T169	C1882071
27731485	533	541	Medellin	T083	C0017446
27731485	543	551	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27731485	556	570	crosssectional	T062	C0010362
27731485	571	577	design	T052	C1707689
27731485	588	591	Men	T098	C0025266
27731485	596	601	women	T098	C0043210
27731485	642	650	research	T062	C0035168
27731485	652	660	selected	T052	C1707391
27731485	672	692	consultation records	T170	C1269802
27731485	700	713	institution's	T093	C2607850
27731485	714	725	statistical	T090	C0038215
27731485	726	730	unit	T081	C0439148
27731485	745	753	accepted	T080	C1272684
27731485	757	768	participate	T169	C0679823
27731485	781	790	contacted	T169	C0332158
27731485	794	803	telephone	T073	C0039457
27731485	805	813	Sampling	T078	C0870078
27731485	818	827	performed	T169	C0884358
27731485	835	841	stages	T079	C1306673
27731485	843	865	simple random sampling	T062	C0681878
27731485	870	879	selecting	T052	C1707391
27731485	880	894	Hospital Units	T073,T093	C0019988
27731485	895	897	HU	T073,T093	C0019988
27731485	902	916	Health Centers	T073,T093	C0475309
27731485	917	919	HC	T073,T093	C0475309
27731485	935	943	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27731485	944	951	network	T169	C1882071
27731485	959	963	city	T083	C0008848
27731485	977	998	random quota sampling	T062	C2347740
27731485	1002	1012	proportion	T081	C1709707
27731485	1020	1026	number	T081	C0449788
27731485	1030	1048	elderly population	T098	C0001792
27731485	1049	1057	assigned	T169	C1516050
27731485	1066	1068	HU	T073,T093	C0019988
27731485	1073	1075	HC	T073,T093	C0475309
27731485	1089	1097	patients	T101	C0030705
27731485	1105	1110	women	T098	C0043210
27731485	1112	1124	participated	T169	C0679823
27731485	1132	1137	study	T062	C2603343
27731485	1143	1150	project	T077	C1709701
27731485	1173	1183	structured	T082	C0678594
27731485	1184	1197	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27731485	1202	1229	complete dental examination	UnknownType	C0545334
27731485	1235	1246	information	T078	C1533716
27731485	1250	1266	sociodemographic	T090	C0011298
27731485	1267	1271	data	T078	C1511726
27731485	1273	1286	selfperceived	T033	C2751900
27731485	1287	1293	health	T078	C0018684
27731485	1294	1303	variables	T080	C0439828
27731485	1305	1311	mental	T041	C0004083
27731485	1313	1320	general	T082	C0205246
27731485	1325	1329	oral	T082	C0442027
27731485	1339	1359	oral health services	T170	C1552565
27731485	1361	1365	Oral	T082	C0442027
27731485	1366	1395	HealthRelated Quality of Life	T078	C4279947
27731485	1397	1403	OHRQoL	T078	C4279947
27731485	1407	1415	measured	T080	C0444706
27731485	1421	1432	GOHAI index	T170	C0918012
27731485	1435	1463	temporomandibular joint test	T059	C2181298
27731485	1465	1476	oral mucosa	T023	C0026639
27731485	1478	1489	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
27731485	1490	1500	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27731485	1502	1513	periodontal	T080	C0332275
27731485	1515	1521	dental	T060	C0750862
27731485	1526	1536	prosthetic	T061	C0204076
27731485	1537	1548	examination	T058	C0582103
27731485	1550	1561	Descriptive	T170	C0678257
27731485	1566	1584	bivariate analyses	UnknownType	C0681927
27731485	1613	1638	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27731485	1639	1650	differences	T080	C1705242
27731485	1652	1673	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27731485	1678	1687	performed	T169	C0884358
27731485	1695	1714	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27731485	1716	1727	calculating	T052	C1441506
27731485	1747	1758	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27731485	1760	1762	OR	T081	C0028873
27731485	1779	1799	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27731485	1805	1807	CI	T081	C0009667
27731485	1810	1817	Impacts	T080	C4049986
27731485	1848	1864	education levels	T033	C1553770
27731485	1866	1877	differences	T080	C1705242
27731485	1881	1901	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
27731485	1906	1911	urban	T080	C2700386
27731485	1915	1920	rural	T078	C0557746
27731485	1921	1928	housing	T073	C0020056
27731485	1929	1939	conditions	T080	C0348080
27731485	1945	1952	results	T169	C1274040
27731485	1961	1969	research	T062	C0035168
27731485	1975	1978	low	T080	C0205251
27731485	1979	1985	OHRQoL	T078	C4279947
27731485	1986	1992	levels	T080	C0441889
27731485	2000	2018	elderly population	T098	C0001792
27731485	2029	2049	health care services	T058	C0018747
27731485	2057	2072	public hospital	T073,T093	C0020022
27731485	2073	2080	network	T169	C1882071
27731485	2084	2092	Medellin	T083	C0017446

27732552|t|Volumetric absorptive microsampling at home as an alternative tool for the monitoring of HbA1c in diabetes patients
27732552|a|Microsampling techniques have several advantages over traditional blood collection. Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling and blood collection with heparinized capillaries are the standard techniques. Volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS) is a novel technique that collects a fixed volume of blood by applying an absorbent tip to a blood drop. In the present study we explored the feasibility of HbA1c monitoring with VAMS sampling at home and analysis in the laboratory. Diabetic patients were enrolled in this study during consultation with the endocrinologist. A venous (adults) or capillary (children) sample was taken for immediate HbA1c analysis. DBS (n=1) and dried VAMS (n=2) were collected at home and sent to the laboratory. For 25 pediatric patients one VAMS was collected during consultation for immediate analysis (without drying), referred to as " wet VAMS ". HbA1c analyses were performed on a Tosoh HLC-723 G8 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyzer. The median time between sampling at home and analysis was 3 days. Results of HbA1c in dried VAMS showed a poor agreement with venous / capillary blood collected in hospital (concordance correlation coefficient CCC =0.72). Similar observations were found with standard DBS. An excellent agreement was obtained between HbA1c results on wet VAMS (CCC =0.996) and standard blood samples. Patients experienced VAMS and DBS as easy and convenient to use. Utilizing equipment standard available in the clinical laboratory, the use of home -sampled dried VAMS and DBS is not a reliable tool for the monitoring of HbA1c. However, perfect agreement between HbA1c measured on wet VAMS and capillary microsamples was obtained.
27732552	0	35	Volumetric absorptive microsampling	T060	C0430022
27732552	39	43	home	T082	C0442519
27732552	50	61	alternative	T077	C1523987
27732552	62	66	tool	T073	C0336791
27732552	75	85	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27732552	89	94	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27732552	98	106	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27732552	107	115	patients	T101	C0030705
27732552	116	140	Microsampling techniques	T169	C0449851
27732552	182	198	blood collection	T060	C0005834
27732552	200	231	Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling	T059	C3178862
27732552	236	252	blood collection	T060	C0005834
27732552	258	281	heparinized capillaries	T074	C0184108
27732552	290	298	standard	T080	C1442989
27732552	299	309	techniques	T059	C0022885
27732552	311	346	Volumetric absorptive microsampling	T060	C0430022
27732552	348	352	VAMS	T060	C0430022
27732552	365	374	technique	T059	C0022885
27732552	397	403	volume	T081	C0449468
27732552	407	412	blood	T031	C0005767
27732552	438	441	tip	T080	C3282898
27732552	447	457	blood drop	T031	C0005767
27732552	474	479	study	T062	C2603343
27732552	511	516	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27732552	517	527	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27732552	533	546	VAMS sampling	T060	C0430022
27732552	550	554	home	T082	C0442519
27732552	559	567	analysis	T062	C0936012
27732552	575	585	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27732552	587	595	Diabetic	T047	C0011847
27732552	596	604	patients	T101	C0030705
27732552	627	632	study	T062	C2603343
27732552	640	652	consultation	T058	C0009818
27732552	662	677	endocrinologist	T097	C0259863
27732552	681	687	venous	T031	C0444255
27732552	689	695	adults	T100	C0001675
27732552	700	727	capillary (children) sample	T031	C0444254
27732552	752	757	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27732552	758	766	analysis	T062	C0936012
27732552	768	771	DBS	T059	C3178862
27732552	782	792	dried VAMS	T060	C0430022
27732552	817	821	home	T082	C0442519
27732552	838	848	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27732552	857	866	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27732552	867	875	patients	T101	C0030705
27732552	880	884	VAMS	T060	C0430022
27732552	906	918	consultation	T058	C0009818
27732552	933	941	analysis	T062	C0936012
27732552	977	985	wet VAMS	T060	C0430022
27732552	989	994	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27732552	995	1003	analyses	T062	C0936012
27732552	1024	1095	Tosoh HLC-723 G8 high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyzer	T074	C0179038
27732552	1121	1129	sampling	T060	C0430022
27732552	1133	1137	home	T082	C0442519
27732552	1142	1150	analysis	T062	C0936012
27732552	1157	1161	days	T079	C0439228
27732552	1163	1170	Results	T169	C1274040
27732552	1174	1179	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27732552	1189	1193	VAMS	T060	C0430022
27732552	1223	1229	venous	T031	C0444255
27732552	1232	1247	capillary blood	T031	C0444254
27732552	1261	1269	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27732552	1271	1306	concordance correlation coefficient	T081	C1707429
27732552	1307	1310	CCC	T081	C1707429
27732552	1356	1364	standard	T080	C1442989
27732552	1365	1368	DBS	T059	C3178862
27732552	1414	1419	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27732552	1420	1427	results	T169	C1274040
27732552	1431	1439	wet VAMS	T060	C0430022
27732552	1441	1444	CCC	T081	C1707429
27732552	1457	1465	standard	T080	C1442989
27732552	1466	1479	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27732552	1481	1489	Patients	T101	C0030705
27732552	1502	1506	VAMS	T060	C0430022
27732552	1511	1514	DBS	T059	C3178862
27732552	1518	1522	easy	T033	C0332219
27732552	1527	1537	convenient	T080	C3831015
27732552	1541	1544	use	T169	C0457083
27732552	1556	1565	equipment	T073	C0014672
27732552	1566	1574	standard	T080	C1442989
27732552	1592	1600	clinical	T080	C0205210
27732552	1601	1611	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27732552	1624	1628	home	T082	C0442519
27732552	1638	1648	dried VAMS	T060	C0430022
27732552	1653	1656	DBS	T059	C3178862
27732552	1688	1698	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27732552	1702	1707	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27732552	1744	1749	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27732552	1762	1770	wet VAMS	T060	C0430022
27732552	1775	1797	capillary microsamples	T031	C0444254

27732647|t|Are Eyes a Mirror of the Soul? What Eye Wrinkles Reveal about a Horse's Emotional State
27732647|a|Finding valid indicators of emotional states is one of the biggest challenges in animal welfare science. Here, we investigated in horses whether variation in the expression of eye wrinkles caused by contraction of the inner eyebrow raiser reflects emotional valence. By confronting horses with positive and negative conditions, we aimed to induce positive and negative emotional states, hypothesising that positive emotions would reduce whereas negative emotions would increase eye wrinkle expression. Sixteen horses were individually exposed in a balanced order to two positive (grooming, food anticipation) and two negative condition s (food competition, waving a plastic bag). Each condition lasted for 60 seconds and was preceded by a 60 second control phase. Throughout both phases, pictures of the eyes were taken, and for each horse four pictures per condition and phase were randomly selected. Pictures were scored in random order and by two experimenters blind to condition and phase for six outcome measures: qualitative impression, eyelid shape, markedness of the wrinkles, presence of eye white, number of wrinkles, and the angle between the line through the eyeball and the highest wrinkle. The angle decreased during grooming and increased during food competition compared to control phase s, whereas the two phases did not differ during food anticipation and the plastic bag condition. No effects on the other outcome measures were detected. Taken together, we have defined a set of measures to assess eye wrinkle expression reliably, of which one measure was affected by the conditions the horses were exposed to. Variation in eye wrinkle expression might provide valuable information on horse welfare but further validation of specific measures across different conditions is needed.
27732647	4	8	Eyes	T023	C0015392
27732647	11	17	Mirror	T070	C0870904
27732647	25	29	Soul	T078	C1510643
27732647	36	39	Eye	T023	C0015392
27732647	40	48	Wrinkles	T190	C2729169
27732647	49	55	Reveal	T080	C0443289
27732647	64	71	Horse's	T015	C0019944
27732647	72	87	Emotional State	T041	C0935620
27732647	96	101	valid	T080	C2349099
27732647	102	112	indicators	T169	C1522602
27732647	116	132	emotional states	T041	C0935620
27732647	169	191	animal welfare science	T052	C0003061
27732647	202	214	investigated	T169	C1292732
27732647	218	224	horses	T015	C0019944
27732647	233	242	variation	T080	C0205419
27732647	250	260	expression	T080	C0700364
27732647	264	267	eye	T023	C0015392
27732647	268	276	wrinkles	T190	C2729169
27732647	287	298	contraction	T046	C1140999
27732647	306	319	inner eyebrow	T023	C0015420
27732647	327	335	reflects	T041	C0558058
27732647	336	353	emotional valence	T033	C0849912
27732647	370	376	horses	T015	C0019944
27732647	382	390	positive	T033	C1446409
27732647	395	403	negative	T033	C0205160
27732647	404	414	conditions	T080	C0348080
27732647	428	434	induce	T169	C0205263
27732647	435	443	positive	T033	C1446409
27732647	448	456	negative	T033	C0205160
27732647	457	473	emotional states	T041	C0935620
27732647	475	488	hypothesising	T078	C1512571
27732647	494	502	positive	T033	C1446409
27732647	503	511	emotions	T041	C0013987
27732647	518	524	reduce	T080	C0392756
27732647	533	541	negative	T033	C0205160
27732647	542	550	emotions	T041	C0013987
27732647	557	565	increase	T169	C0442805
27732647	566	569	eye	T023	C0015392
27732647	570	577	wrinkle	T190	C2729169
27732647	578	588	expression	T080	C0700364
27732647	598	604	horses	T015	C0019944
27732647	623	630	exposed	T080	C0332157
27732647	636	644	balanced	T169	C0205415
27732647	658	666	positive	T033	C1446409
27732647	668	676	grooming	T055	C0018249
27732647	678	695	food anticipation	T041	C0679106
27732647	705	713	negative	T033	C0205160
27732647	714	723	condition	T080	C0348080
27732647	727	731	food	T168	C0016452
27732647	732	743	competition	T054	C0679932
27732647	745	751	waving	T052	C0441655
27732647	754	765	plastic bag	T073	C3273359
27732647	773	782	condition	T080	C0348080
27732647	797	804	seconds	T079	C0457385
27732647	830	836	second	T079	C0457385
27732647	837	850	control phase	T079	C0205390
27732647	868	874	phases	T079	C0205390
27732647	876	884	pictures	T073	C0441468
27732647	892	896	eyes	T023	C0015392
27732647	922	927	horse	T015	C0019944
27732647	933	941	pictures	T073	C0441468
27732647	946	955	condition	T080	C0348080
27732647	960	965	phase	T079	C0205390
27732647	971	988	randomly selected	T052	C1707391
27732647	990	998	Pictures	T073	C0441468
27732647	1014	1026	random order	T080	C1705176
27732647	1038	1051	experimenters	T097	C0870526
27732647	1052	1057	blind	T062	C0150108
27732647	1061	1070	condition	T080	C0348080
27732647	1075	1080	phase	T079	C0205390
27732647	1089	1105	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27732647	1107	1118	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27732647	1119	1129	impression	T080	C1998467
27732647	1131	1137	eyelid	T023	C0015426
27732647	1138	1143	shape	T082	C0332479
27732647	1145	1155	markedness	T080	C1706089
27732647	1163	1171	wrinkles	T190	C2729169
27732647	1173	1181	presence	T033	C0150312
27732647	1185	1194	eye white	T023	C0036410
27732647	1196	1202	number	T081	C0237753
27732647	1206	1214	wrinkles	T190	C2729169
27732647	1224	1229	angle	T082	C0205143
27732647	1259	1266	eyeball	T023	C0015392
27732647	1275	1282	highest	T080	C1522410
27732647	1283	1290	wrinkle	T190	C2729169
27732647	1296	1301	angle	T082	C0205143
27732647	1302	1311	decreased	T081	C0205216
27732647	1319	1327	grooming	T055	C0018249
27732647	1332	1341	increased	T081	C0205217
27732647	1349	1353	food	T168	C0016452
27732647	1354	1365	competition	T054	C0679932
27732647	1366	1374	compared	T052	C1707455
27732647	1378	1391	control phase	T079	C0205390
27732647	1411	1417	phases	T079	C0205390
27732647	1440	1457	food anticipation	T041	C0679106
27732647	1466	1477	plastic bag	T073	C3273359
27732647	1478	1487	condition	T080	C0348080
27732647	1489	1499	No effects	T080	C1301751
27732647	1513	1529	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27732647	1535	1543	detected	T033	C0442726
27732647	1586	1594	measures	T081	C0079809
27732647	1598	1604	assess	T052	C1516048
27732647	1605	1608	eye	T023	C0015392
27732647	1609	1616	wrinkle	T190	C2729169
27732647	1617	1627	expression	T080	C0700364
27732647	1651	1658	measure	T081	C0079809
27732647	1663	1671	affected	T169	C0392760
27732647	1679	1689	conditions	T080	C0348080
27732647	1694	1700	horses	T015	C0019944
27732647	1706	1716	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27732647	1718	1727	Variation	T080	C0205419
27732647	1731	1734	eye	T023	C0015392
27732647	1735	1742	wrinkle	T190	C2729169
27732647	1743	1753	expression	T080	C0700364
27732647	1760	1767	provide	T168	C0359589
27732647	1777	1788	information	T078	C1533716
27732647	1792	1797	horse	T015	C0019944
27732647	1798	1805	welfare	T052	C0003061
27732647	1818	1828	validation	T062	C1519941
27732647	1832	1840	specific	T080	C0205369
27732647	1841	1849	measures	T081	C0079809
27732647	1857	1866	different	T080	C1705242
27732647	1867	1877	conditions	T080	C0348080

27732923|t|Effective mercury(II) bioremoval from aqueous solution, and its electrochemical determination
27732923|a|This work proposed mercury elimination using agricultural waste (Allium Cepa L .). The biomass removed 99.4% of mercury, following a pseudo-second order kinetics (r(2) = 0.9999). The Langmuir model was adequately fitted to the adsorption isotherm, thereby obtaining the maximum mercury adsorption capacity of 111.1 ± 0.3 mg g(-1). The biomass showed high density of strong mercury chelating groups, thus making it economically attractive. Also, the implementation of a mercury - selective electrode for continuous determination in real time is proposed; this electrode replaces techniques like atomic absorption spectroscopy, thus it can be applied to real time studies. This work therefore presents a new perspective for removing mercury(II) from contaminated water for environmental remediation.
27732923	0	9	Effective	T080	C1704419
27732923	10	21	mercury(II)	T131,T196	C0025424
27732923	22	32	bioremoval	T052	C1883720
27732923	38	54	aqueous solution	T121	C3255993
27732923	64	93	electrochemical determination	UnknownType	C0259857
27732923	113	120	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27732923	121	132	elimination	T052	C1883720
27732923	139	151	agricultural	T090	C0001829
27732923	152	157	waste	T167	C0043045
27732923	159	172	Allium Cepa L	T002	C1262904
27732923	181	188	biomass	T081	C0005535
27732923	189	196	removed	T080	C0849355
27732923	206	213	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27732923	227	255	pseudo-second order kinetics	T070	C0022702
27732923	277	291	Langmuir model	T170	C0876936
27732923	296	306	adequately	T080	C0205411
27732923	321	340	adsorption isotherm	T067	C1254366
27732923	364	371	maximum	T081	C0806909
27732923	372	379	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27732923	380	390	adsorption	T059	C0001674
27732923	391	399	capacity	T081	C1516240
27732923	429	436	biomass	T081	C0005535
27732923	444	448	high	T080	C0205250
27732923	449	456	density	T081	C0178587
27732923	460	466	strong	T080	C0442821
27732923	467	474	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27732923	475	491	chelating groups	T121,T130	C0007974
27732923	508	520	economically	T169	C0013557
27732923	521	531	attractive	T080	C2346874
27732923	543	557	implementation	T052	C1708476
27732923	563	570	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27732923	573	592	selective electrode	T059	C0201747
27732923	597	607	continuous	T078	C0549178
27732923	608	621	determination	T059	C1148554
27732923	625	634	real time	T079	C1550177
27732923	638	646	proposed	T080	C1553874
27732923	653	662	electrode	T073	C1705652
27732923	663	671	replaces	T078	C1550539
27732923	672	682	techniques	T169	C0449851
27732923	688	718	atomic absorption spectroscopy	T059	C0037806
27732923	746	755	real time	T079	C1550177
27732923	756	763	studies	T062	C2603343
27732923	800	811	perspective	T169	C0449851
27732923	816	824	removing	T052	C1883720
27732923	825	836	mercury(II)	T131,T196	C0025424
27732923	842	860	contaminated water	T069	C0043056
27732923	865	890	environmental remediation	T069	C3853059

27733154|t|Molecular profile of 5-fluorouracil pathway genes in colorectal carcinoma
27733154|a|This study addresses involvement of major 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pathway genes in the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma patients. Testing set and two validation sets comprising paired tumor and adjacent mucosa tissue samples from 151 patients were used for transcript profiling of 15 5-FU pathway genes by quantitative real-time PCR and DNA methylation profiling by high resolution melting analysis. Intratumoral molecular profiles were correlated with clinical data of patients. Protein levels of two most relevant candidate markers were assessed by immunoblotting. Downregulation of DPYD and upregulation of PPAT, UMPS, RRM2, and SLC29A1 transcripts were found in tumors compared to adjacent mucosa in testing and validation sets of patients. Low RRM2 transcript level significantly associated with poor response to the first-line palliative 5-FU -based chemotherapy in the testing set and with poor disease-free interval of patients in the validation set irrespective of 5-FU treatment. UPP2 was strongly methylated while its transcript absent in both tumors and adjacent mucosa. DPYS methylation level was significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to adjacent mucosa samples. Low intratumoral level of UPB1 methylation was prognostic for poor disease-free interval of the patients (P = 0.0002). The rest of the studied 5-FU genes were not methylated in tumors or adjacent mucosa. The observed overexpression of several 5-FU activating genes and DPYD downregulation deduce that chemotherapy naïve colorectal tumors share favorable gene expression profile for 5-FU therapy. Low RRM2 transcript and UPB1 methylation levels present separate poor prognosis factors for colorectal carcinoma patients and should be further investigated.
27733154	0	17	Molecular profile	T169	C1704864
27733154	21	35	5-fluorouracil	T114,T121	C0016360
27733154	36	43	pathway	T044	C1704259
27733154	44	49	genes	T028	C0017337
27733154	53	73	colorectal carcinoma	T191	C0009402
27733154	79	84	study	T062	C2603343
27733154	116	130	5-fluorouracil	T114,T121	C0016360
27733154	132	136	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
27733154	138	145	pathway	T044	C1704259
27733154	146	151	genes	T028	C0017337
27733154	159	168	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27733154	172	192	colorectal carcinoma	T191	C0009402
27733154	193	201	patients	T101	C0030705
27733154	203	214	Testing set	T170	C0150098
27733154	223	238	validation sets	T170	C0282574
27733154	250	256	paired	T080	C1709450
27733154	257	262	tumor	T191	C0027651
27733154	267	275	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27733154	276	289	mucosa tissue	T024	C0026724
27733154	290	297	samples	T167	C0370003
27733154	307	315	patients	T101	C0030705
27733154	330	340	transcript	T114	C1519595
27733154	341	350	profiling	T063	C0079247
27733154	357	361	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
27733154	362	369	pathway	T044	C1704259
27733154	370	375	genes	T028	C0017337
27733154	379	405	quantitative real-time PCR	T063	C3179034
27733154	410	435	DNA methylation profiling	T063	C1880239
27733154	473	485	Intratumoral	T082	C1517564
27733154	486	504	molecular profiles	T169	C1704864
27733154	510	520	correlated	T080	C1707520
27733154	526	539	clinical data	T170	C1516606
27733154	543	551	patients	T101	C0030705
27733154	553	567	Protein levels	T034	C0428479
27733154	599	606	markers	T201	C0005516
27733154	624	638	immunoblotting	T059	C0020985
27733154	640	654	Downregulation	T044	C0013081
27733154	658	662	DPYD	T028	C1366555
27733154	667	679	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27733154	683	687	PPAT	T028	C1418780
27733154	689	693	UMPS	T028	C1421354
27733154	695	699	RRM2	T028	C1335649
27733154	705	712	SLC29A1	T028	C1420171
27733154	713	724	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27733154	739	745	tumors	T191	C0027651
27733154	746	754	compared	T052	C1707455
27733154	758	766	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27733154	767	773	mucosa	T024	C0026724
27733154	777	784	testing	T170	C0150098
27733154	789	804	validation sets	T170	C0282574
27733154	808	816	patients	T101	C0030705
27733154	822	826	RRM2	T028	C1335649
27733154	827	837	transcript	T114	C1519595
27733154	838	843	level	T080	C0441889
27733154	917	921	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
27733154	929	941	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27733154	949	960	testing set	T170	C0150098
27733154	975	996	disease-free interval	T079	C1272706
27733154	1000	1008	patients	T101	C0030705
27733154	1016	1030	validation set	T170	C0282574
27733154	1047	1051	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
27733154	1052	1061	treatment	T061	C0087111
27733154	1063	1067	UPP2	T028	C1427883
27733154	1072	1091	strongly methylated	T034	C1254360
27733154	1102	1112	transcript	T114	C1519595
27733154	1128	1134	tumors	T191	C0027651
27733154	1139	1147	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27733154	1148	1154	mucosa	T024	C0026724
27733154	1156	1160	DPYS	T028	C1414144
27733154	1161	1172	methylation	T044	C0376452
27733154	1173	1178	level	T080	C0441889
27733154	1207	1220	tumor tissues	T024	C0475358
27733154	1233	1241	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27733154	1242	1248	mucosa	T024	C0026724
27733154	1249	1256	samples	T167	C0370003
27733154	1262	1274	intratumoral	T082	C1517564
27733154	1275	1280	level	T080	C0441889
27733154	1284	1288	UPB1	T028	C1424165
27733154	1289	1300	methylation	T044	C0376452
27733154	1305	1315	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27733154	1325	1346	disease-free interval	T079	C1272706
27733154	1354	1362	patients	T101	C0030705
27733154	1401	1405	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
27733154	1406	1411	genes	T028	C0017337
27733154	1417	1431	not methylated	T034	C1254360
27733154	1435	1441	tumors	T191	C0027651
27733154	1445	1453	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27733154	1454	1460	mucosa	T024	C0026724
27733154	1475	1489	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27733154	1501	1505	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
27733154	1506	1522	activating genes	T028	C0017337
27733154	1527	1531	DPYD	T028	C1366555
27733154	1532	1546	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27733154	1559	1571	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27733154	1572	1595	naïve colorectal tumors	T191	C0009404
27733154	1612	1635	gene expression profile	T081	C1956267
27733154	1640	1644	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
27733154	1645	1652	therapy	T061	C0087111
27733154	1658	1662	RRM2	T028	C1335649
27733154	1663	1673	transcript	T114	C1519595
27733154	1678	1682	UPB1	T028	C1424165
27733154	1683	1694	methylation	T044	C0376452
27733154	1695	1701	levels	T080	C0441889
27733154	1724	1741	prognosis factors	T201	C1514474
27733154	1746	1766	colorectal carcinoma	T191	C0009402
27733154	1767	1775	patients	T101	C0030705
27733154	1798	1810	investigated	T169	C1292732

27733749|t|Food security and the nutritional status of children in foster care: new horizons in the protection of a fragile population
27733749|a|The nutritional status of foster children, the quality of daily menus in group homes and the Food Security inside these organizations have been poorly studied and this study means to investigate them. A sample of 125 children, ranging in age from 0-17 years, among seven group homes (group A) was compared with 121 children of the general population we (group B). To evaluate nutritional status, BMI percentiles were used. Mean percentiles of both groups were compared through statistical analysis. Both nutritional and caloric daily distributions in each organization were obtained using the 24-hour recall method. A specific questionnaire was administered to evaluate Food Security. From the analysis of mean BMI -for- age (or height-for-length) percentiles, did not observe statistically significant differences between group A and group B. The average daily nutrient and calorie distribution in group homes proves to be nearly optimal with the exception of a slight excess in proteins and a slight deficiency in PUFAs. Moreover, a low intake of iron and calcium was revealed. All organizations obtained a " High Food Security " profile. Nutritional conditions of foster children are no worse than that of children of the general population. Foster care provides the necessary conditions to support their growth.
27733749	0	13	Food security	T080	C3178753
27733749	22	40	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
27733749	44	52	children	T100	C0008059
27733749	56	67	foster care	T073	C0599759
27733749	128	146	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
27733749	150	165	foster children	T099	C0337544
27733749	171	178	quality	T080	C0332306
27733749	182	193	daily menus	T168	C0016452
27733749	197	208	group homes	T073,T093	C0018257
27733749	217	230	Food Security	T080	C3178753
27733749	244	257	organizations	T092	C1561598
27733749	292	297	study	T062	C2603343
27733749	341	349	children	T100	C0008059
27733749	395	406	group homes	T073,T093	C0018257
27733749	408	415	group A	UnknownType	C0681860
27733749	439	447	children	T100	C0008059
27733749	455	473	general population	T098	C0683971
27733749	478	485	group B	UnknownType	C0681860
27733749	500	518	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
27733749	520	535	BMI percentiles	T033	C2227318
27733749	547	551	Mean	T081	C0444504
27733749	552	563	percentiles	T081	C1264641
27733749	572	578	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27733749	601	621	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27733749	628	639	nutritional	T033	C0392209
27733749	644	671	caloric daily distributions	T033	C2164132
27733749	680	692	organization	T092	C1561598
27733749	725	738	recall method	T170	C0025663
27733749	751	764	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27733749	794	807	Food Security	T080	C3178753
27733749	818	826	analysis	T062	C0936012
27733749	830	834	mean	T081	C0444504
27733749	835	838	BMI	T201	C1305855
27733749	845	848	age	T032	C0001779
27733749	872	883	percentiles	T081	C1264641
27733749	927	938	differences	T033	C3842396
27733749	947	954	group A	UnknownType	C0681860
27733749	959	966	group B	UnknownType	C0681860
27733749	972	979	average	T081	C1510992
27733749	980	985	daily	T079	C0332173
27733749	986	994	nutrient	T033	C0392209
27733749	999	1019	calorie distribution	T033	C0392209
27733749	1023	1034	group homes	T073,T093	C0018257
27733749	1048	1062	nearly optimal	T033	C0243095
27733749	1094	1100	excess	T080	C1979886
27733749	1104	1112	proteins	T168	C0453858
27733749	1126	1136	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27733749	1140	1145	PUFAs	T109,T123	C0032615
27733749	1159	1169	low intake	T033	C0231353
27733749	1173	1177	iron	T033	C0518043
27733749	1182	1189	calcium	T201	C0489458
27733749	1208	1221	organizations	T092	C1561598
27733749	1235	1253	High Food Security	T080	C3178753
27733749	1265	1287	Nutritional conditions	T033	C0392209
27733749	1291	1306	foster children	T099	C0337544
27733749	1333	1341	children	T100	C0008059
27733749	1349	1367	general population	T098	C0683971
27733749	1369	1380	Foster care	T073	C0599759
27733749	1394	1414	necessary conditions	T080	C0337645
27733749	1432	1438	growth	T040	C0018270

27734182|t|Osthole Protects Bone Marrow-Derived Neural Stem Cells from Oxidative Damage through PI3K/Akt-1 Pathway
27734182|a|In recent years, neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been widely explored as a treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. NSCs are special cells that have some capacity for self-renewal and the potential to differentiate into multiple cell types. However, the inflammatory environment of diseased tissue is not conducive to the survival of transplanted cells. Osthole (Ost) is a principal bioactive component of Fructus Cnidii, Radix Angelicae Pubescentis and other traditional Chinese medicines. Ost has a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammation, immunomodulation, and neuroprotection. In the present study, we assessed the protective effects of Ost on bone marrow-derived - NSCs (BM - NSCs) against injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). BM - NSCs were pre - treated with different doses of Ost and treated with H2O2. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assay were used to determine cell viability. Using the TUNEL assay and RT-PCR, we evaluated the effect of Ost on cell apoptosis. The results showed that Ost had protective effects against H2O2 - induced cell damage, and the number of apoptotic cells was significantly decreased in the Ost pre - treated groups compared to the H2O2 group. The expression ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA was also decreased. Furthermore, western blotting was used to analyze levels of proteins related to PI3K/Akt-1 signaling pathway, and results indicated that ost can increase p-Akt and PI3K. Our findings suggested that Ost protects BM - NSCs against oxidative stress injury, and it can be used to improve the inflammatory environment of neurodegenerative diseases so and promote the survival rate of transplanted NSCs.
27734182	0	7	Osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	8	16	Protects	T033	C1545588
27734182	17	36	Bone Marrow-Derived	T025	C3896693
27734182	37	54	Neural Stem Cells	T025	C1113654
27734182	60	76	Oxidative Damage	T049	C0242606
27734182	85	103	PI3K/Akt-1 Pathway	T044	C1515844
27734182	114	119	years	T079	C0439234
27734182	121	137	neural stem cell	T025	C1113654
27734182	139	142	NSC	T025	C1113654
27734182	144	159	transplantation	T061	C1504389
27734182	190	199	treatment	T169	C1522326
27734182	204	230	neurodegenerative diseases	T047	C0524851
27734182	232	236	NSCs	T025	C1113654
27734182	270	278	capacity	T081	C1516240
27734182	283	295	self-renewal	T043	C1155711
27734182	304	313	potential	T080	C3245505
27734182	317	330	differentiate	T043	C0007589
27734182	345	355	cell types	T170	C0449475
27734182	370	382	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27734182	383	394	environment	T082	C0014406
27734182	398	406	diseased	T047	C0012634
27734182	407	413	tissue	T024	C0040300
27734182	421	430	conducive	T080	C3827682
27734182	438	446	survival	T043	C0007620
27734182	450	468	transplanted cells	T024	C0332835
27734182	470	477	Osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	479	482	Ost	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	489	498	principal	T080	C0205225
27734182	499	518	bioactive component	T167	C3714412
27734182	522	536	Fructus Cnidii	T002	C0696713
27734182	538	565	Radix Angelicae Pubescentis	T002	C0032098
27734182	576	605	traditional Chinese medicines	T091	C0025124
27734182	607	610	Ost	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	631	646	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27734182	647	657	activities	T052	C0441655
27734182	667	684	anti-inflammation	T080	C1515999
27734182	686	702	immunomodulation	T061	C1963758
27734182	708	723	neuroprotection	T043	C0598958
27734182	740	745	study	T062	C0008972
27734182	750	758	assessed	T052	C1516048
27734182	763	781	protective effects	UnknownType	C0678771
27734182	785	788	Ost	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	792	811	bone marrow-derived	T025	C3896693
27734182	814	818	NSCs	T025	C1113654
27734182	820	822	BM	T025	C3896693
27734182	825	829	NSCs	T025	C1113654
27734182	839	845	injury	T037	C3263723
27734182	846	853	induced	T169	C0205263
27734182	857	874	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27734182	876	880	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27734182	883	885	BM	T025	C3896693
27734182	888	892	NSCs	T025	C1113654
27734182	898	901	pre	T079	C0332152
27734182	904	916	treated with	T061	C0332293
27734182	927	932	doses	T081	C0178602
27734182	936	939	Ost	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	944	956	treated with	T061	C0332293
27734182	957	961	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27734182	967	986	cell counting kit-8	T074	C0812225
27734182	988	993	CCK-8	T074	C0812225
27734182	995	1001	method	T170	C0025663
27734182	1006	1027	lactate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0022917
27734182	1029	1032	LDH	T116,T126	C0022917
27734182	1034	1047	leakage assay	T059	C0005507
27734182	1071	1085	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27734182	1097	1108	TUNEL assay	T063	C1515232
27734182	1113	1119	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27734182	1124	1133	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27734182	1138	1144	effect	T080	C1280500
27734182	1148	1151	Ost	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	1155	1169	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27734182	1175	1182	results	T169	C1274040
27734182	1195	1198	Ost	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	1203	1221	protective effects	UnknownType	C0678771
27734182	1230	1234	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27734182	1237	1244	induced	T169	C0205263
27734182	1245	1256	cell damage	T049	C0599732
27734182	1266	1275	number of	T059	C0007584
27734182	1276	1285	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
27734182	1286	1291	cells	T025	C0007634
27734182	1296	1309	significantly	T078	C0750502
27734182	1310	1319	decreased	T081	C0205216
27734182	1327	1330	Ost	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	1331	1334	pre	T079	C0332152
27734182	1337	1344	treated	T061	C0332293
27734182	1345	1351	groups	T078	C0441833
27734182	1352	1360	compared	T052	C1707455
27734182	1368	1372	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27734182	1373	1378	group	T078	C0441833
27734182	1384	1400	expression ratio	T081	C0456603
27734182	1404	1418	Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27734182	1428	1437	decreased	T081	C0205216
27734182	1452	1468	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27734182	1481	1488	analyze	T059	C0002778
27734182	1489	1495	levels	T080	C0441889
27734182	1499	1507	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27734182	1519	1547	PI3K/Akt-1 signaling pathway	T044	C1515844
27734182	1553	1560	results	T169	C1274040
27734182	1576	1579	ost	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	1584	1592	increase	T081	C0205217
27734182	1593	1598	p-Akt	T116,T126	C0285558
27734182	1603	1607	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
27734182	1613	1621	findings	T033	C0243095
27734182	1637	1640	Ost	T109,T121	C0069679
27734182	1641	1649	protects	T033	C1545588
27734182	1650	1652	BM	T025	C3896693
27734182	1655	1659	NSCs	T025	C1113654
27734182	1668	1684	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27734182	1685	1691	injury	T037	C3263723
27734182	1715	1722	improve	T033	C0184511
27734182	1727	1739	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27734182	1740	1751	environment	T082	C0014406
27734182	1755	1781	neurodegenerative diseases	T047	C0524851
27734182	1801	1809	survival	T043	C0007620
27734182	1818	1830	transplanted	T024	C0332835
27734182	1831	1835	NSCs	T025	C1113654

27734289|t|Transformation of Lettuce with rol ABC Genes: Extracts Show Enhanced Antioxidant, Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antidepressant, and Anticoagulant Activities in Rats
27734289|a|Lettuce is an edible crop that is well known for dietary and antioxidant benefits. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rol ABC genes on antioxidant and medicinal potential of lettuce by Agrobacterium -mediated transformation. Transgene integration and expression was confirmed through PCR and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. The transformed plants showed 91-102 % increase in total phenolic contents and 53-65 % increase in total flavonoid contents compared to untransformed plants. Total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power increased up to 112 and 133 % in transformed plants, respectively. Results of DPPH assay showed maximum 51 % increase, and lipid peroxidation assay exhibited 20 % increase in antioxidant activity of transformed plants compared to controls. Different in vivo assays were carried out in rats. The transgenic plants showed up to 80 % inhibition in both hot plate analgesic assay and carrageenan - induced hind paw edema test, while untransformed plants showed only 45 % inhibition. Antidepressant and anticoagulant potential of transformed plants was also significantly enhanced compared to untransformed plants. Taken together, the present work highlights the use of rol genes to enhance the secondary metabolite production in lettuce and improve its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and anticoagulatory properties.
27734289	0	14	Transformation	T045	C0040684
27734289	18	25	Lettuce	T002	C1261477
27734289	31	44	rol ABC Genes	T028	C0017337
27734289	46	54	Extracts	T123	C0032081
27734289	60	68	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
27734289	69	80	Antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27734289	82	91	Analgesic	T033	C0243095
27734289	93	110	Anti-Inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27734289	112	126	Antidepressant	T033	C0243095
27734289	132	156	Anticoagulant Activities	T044	C1148561
27734289	160	164	Rats	T015	C0034693
27734289	165	172	Lettuce	T002	C1261477
27734289	179	190	edible crop	T168	C0032099
27734289	214	221	dietary	T168	C0012155
27734289	226	237	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27734289	238	246	benefits	T081	C0814225
27734289	260	265	study	T062	C2603343
27734289	283	294	investigate	T169	C1292732
27734289	299	309	effects of	T080	C1704420
27734289	310	323	rol ABC genes	T028	C0017337
27734289	327	338	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27734289	366	373	lettuce	T002	C1261477
27734289	377	390	Agrobacterium	T007	C0001830
27734289	401	415	transformation	T045	C0040684
27734289	417	426	Transgene	T028	C0282641
27734289	427	438	integration	T045	C1158478
27734289	443	453	expression	T045	C0017262
27734289	458	467	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27734289	476	479	PCR	T063	C0032520
27734289	484	500	real-time RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27734289	520	538	transformed plants	T002	C0085245
27734289	555	563	increase	T169	C0442805
27734289	567	572	total	T080	C0439810
27734289	573	581	phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
27734289	582	590	contents	T081	C1264655
27734289	603	611	increase	T169	C0442805
27734289	615	620	total	T080	C0439810
27734289	621	630	flavonoid	T109	C0596577
27734289	631	639	contents	T081	C1264655
27734289	640	648	compared	T052	C1707455
27734289	652	672	untransformed plants	T002	C0032098
27734289	674	679	Total	T080	C0439810
27734289	680	691	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27734289	692	700	capacity	T081	C1516240
27734289	705	710	total	T080	C0439810
27734289	726	735	increased	T081	C0205217
27734289	759	777	transformed plants	T002	C0085245
27734289	804	808	DPPH	T109	C2936710
27734289	809	814	assay	T059	C0005507
27734289	822	829	maximum	T081	C0806909
27734289	835	843	increase	T169	C0442805
27734289	849	867	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
27734289	868	873	assay	T059	C0005507
27734289	889	897	increase	T169	C0442805
27734289	901	921	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
27734289	925	943	transformed plants	T002	C0085245
27734289	956	964	controls	T096	C0009932
27734289	976	990	in vivo assays	T062	C0681829
27734289	1011	1015	rats	T015	C0034693
27734289	1021	1038	transgenic plants	T002	C0085245
27734289	1057	1067	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27734289	1076	1101	hot plate analgesic assay	T059	C0005507
27734289	1106	1117	carrageenan	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27734289	1120	1127	induced	T169	C0205263
27734289	1128	1147	hind paw edema test	T059	C0022885
27734289	1155	1175	untransformed plants	T002	C0032098
27734289	1193	1203	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27734289	1205	1219	Antidepressant	T033	C0243095
27734289	1224	1237	anticoagulant	T033	C0243095
27734289	1238	1247	potential	T080	C3245505
27734289	1251	1269	transformed plants	T002	C0085245
27734289	1293	1301	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27734289	1314	1334	untransformed plants	T002	C0032098
27734289	1391	1400	rol genes	T028	C0017337
27734289	1404	1411	enhance	T052	C2349975
27734289	1416	1436	secondary metabolite	T123	C0870883
27734289	1437	1447	production	T169	C0205245
27734289	1451	1458	lettuce	T002	C1261477
27734289	1475	1484	analgesic	T033	C0243095
27734289	1486	1503	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27734289	1505	1519	antidepressant	T033	C0243095
27734289	1525	1551	anticoagulatory properties	T080	C0871161

27734402|t|Analysis of Pathological Activities of CCN2/CTGF in Muscle Dystrophy
27734402|a|CCN2 or connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a matricellular protein that regulates several cellular processes. In skeletal muscle, CTGF is a key modulator of fibrogenesis, is increased in pathological conditions such as muscular dystrophies, and plays a major role in the pathology outcome. Overexpression of CTGF in skeletal muscle of wild-type mice results in muscle damage, fibrosis, and reduction of strength. In contrast, a decrease in CTGF in dystrophic mice increases strength and reduces damage and fibrosis. Thus, CTGF is a relevant target to study in skeletal muscle pathology and its possible modulation by different treatments or potential new drugs to develop new strategies for the treatment of muscular dystrophies. We summarize the techniques used to detect CTGF in the skeletal muscle of dystrophic mdx mice.
27734402	0	8	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27734402	12	35	Pathological Activities	T169	C0205469
27734402	39	48	CCN2/CTGF	T116,T123	C0110610
27734402	52	68	Muscle Dystrophy	T047	C0026850
27734402	69	73	CCN2	T116,T123	C0110610
27734402	77	108	connective tissue growth factor	T116,T123	C0110610
27734402	110	114	CTGF	T116,T123	C0110610
27734402	121	142	matricellular protein	T116,T123	C0079323
27734402	166	184	cellular processes	T043	C1325880
27734402	189	204	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27734402	206	210	CTGF	T116,T123	C0110610
27734402	233	245	fibrogenesis	T040	C0596570
27734402	263	286	pathological conditions	T046	C0030660
27734402	295	315	muscular dystrophies	T047	C0026850
27734402	347	364	pathology outcome	T033	C0679250
27734402	366	380	Overexpression	T045	C0017262
27734402	384	388	CTGF	T028	C1413791
27734402	392	407	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27734402	411	425	wild-type mice	T015	C1520150
27734402	437	450	muscle damage	T020	C0410158
27734402	452	460	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27734402	466	475	reduction	T080	C0392756
27734402	479	487	strength	T081	C0237897
27734402	504	512	decrease	T081	C0547047
27734402	516	520	CTGF	T028	C1413791
27734402	524	534	dystrophic	T169	C0333607
27734402	535	539	mice	T015	C0025929
27734402	540	549	increases	T169	C0442805
27734402	550	558	strength	T081	C0237897
27734402	563	570	reduces	T080	C0392756
27734402	571	577	damage	T169	C1883709
27734402	582	590	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27734402	598	602	CTGF	T116,T123	C0110610
27734402	608	616	relevant	T080	C2347946
27734402	617	623	target	T169	C1521840
27734402	636	651	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27734402	693	702	different	T080	C1705242
27734402	703	713	treatments	T061	C0087111
27734402	717	726	potential	T080	C3245505
27734402	727	730	new	T080	C0205314
27734402	731	736	drugs	T121	C1254351
27734402	740	747	develop	T169	C1527148
27734402	748	751	new	T080	C0205314
27734402	771	780	treatment	T061	C0087111
27734402	784	804	muscular dystrophies	T047	C0026850
27734402	823	833	techniques	T169	C0449851
27734402	842	848	detect	T033	C0442726
27734402	849	853	CTGF	T116,T123	C0110610
27734402	861	876	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27734402	880	890	dystrophic	T169	C0333607
27734402	891	899	mdx mice	T015	C0206535

27734513|t|Transformation of plastids in soil -shaded lowermost hypocotyl segments of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) during a 60- day cultivation period.
27734513|a|The maintenance but substantial transformation of plastids was found in lowermost hypocotyl segments of soil -grown bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Magnum) during a 60- day cultivation period. Although the plants were grown under natural light-dark cycles, this hypocotyl segment was under full coverage of the soil in 5-7 cm depth, thus it was never exposed to light. The 4- day -old plants were fully etiolated: amyloplasts, occasionally prolamellar bodies, protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) and protochlorophyll (Pchl) were found in the hypocotyls of these young seedlings. The 633 and 654 nm bands in the 77 K fluorescence emission spectra indicated the presence of Pchlide and Pchl pigments. During aging, both the Pchlide and Pchl contents increased, however, the Pchl to Pchlide ratio gradually increased. In parallel, the contribution of the 654 nm form decreased and in the spectra of the 60- day -old samples, the main band shifted to 631 nm, and a new form appeared with an emission maximum at 641 nm. The photoactivity had been lost; bleaching took place at continuous illumination. The inner membranes of the plastids disappeared, the amount of starch storing amyloplasts decreased. These data may indicate the general importance of plastids for plant cell metabolism, which can be the reason for their maintenance. Also the general heterogeneity of plastid forms can be concluded: in tissues not exposed to light, Pchl accumulating plastids develop and are maintained even for a long period.
27734513	0	14	Transformation	T043	C0007613
27734513	18	26	plastids	T026	C0206524
27734513	30	34	soil	T167	C0037592
27734513	43	52	lowermost	T080	C1708760
27734513	53	71	hypocotyl segments	T002	C0242766
27734513	75	79	bean	T002	C1510487
27734513	81	99	Phaseolus vulgaris	T002	C1510487
27734513	114	117	day	T079	C0439228
27734513	118	129	cultivation	T052	C0441655
27734513	130	136	period	T079	C1948053
27734513	170	184	transformation	T043	C0007613
27734513	188	196	plastids	T026	C0206524
27734513	210	219	lowermost	T080	C1708760
27734513	220	238	hypocotyl segments	T002	C0242766
27734513	242	246	soil	T167	C0037592
27734513	254	265	bean plants	T002	C1510487
27734513	267	296	Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Magnum	T002	C1510487
27734513	311	314	day	T079	C0439228
27734513	315	326	cultivation	T052	C0441655
27734513	327	333	period	T079	C1948053
27734513	348	354	plants	T002	C0032098
27734513	372	379	natural	T169	C0205296
27734513	380	397	light-dark cycles	T079	C2718082
27734513	404	421	hypocotyl segment	T002	C0242766
27734513	453	457	soil	T167	C0037592
27734513	468	473	depth	T082	C0205125
27734513	487	492	never	T033	C4036128
27734513	493	509	exposed to light	T033	C0241303
27734513	518	521	day	T079	C0439228
27734513	527	533	plants	T002	C0032098
27734513	556	567	amyloplasts	T026	C1166948
27734513	582	600	prolamellar bodies	T026	C1166988
27734513	602	621	protochlorophyllide	T109,T123	C0033715
27734513	623	630	Pchlide	T109,T123	C0033715
27734513	636	652	protochlorophyll	T109	C0072490
27734513	654	658	Pchl	T109	C0072490
27734513	678	688	hypocotyls	T002	C0242766
27734513	698	703	young	T079	C0332239
27734513	704	713	seedlings	T002	C0242437
27734513	752	781	fluorescence emission spectra	T059	C0242506
27734513	808	815	Pchlide	T109,T123	C0033715
27734513	820	833	Pchl pigments	T109	C0072490
27734513	842	847	aging	T043	C0007581
27734513	858	865	Pchlide	T109,T123	C0033715
27734513	870	874	Pchl	T109	C0072490
27734513	875	883	contents	T077	C0456205
27734513	884	893	increased	T081	C0205217
27734513	908	912	Pchl	T109	C0072490
27734513	916	923	Pchlide	T109,T123	C0033715
27734513	924	929	ratio	T081	C0456603
27734513	940	949	increased	T081	C0205217
27734513	1000	1009	decreased	T081	C0205216
27734513	1021	1028	spectra	T077	C2827424
27734513	1040	1043	day	T079	C0439228
27734513	1049	1056	samples	T167	C0370003
27734513	1123	1139	emission maximum	T081	C0806909
27734513	1155	1168	photoactivity	T077	C2986527
27734513	1178	1182	lost	T169	C0745777
27734513	1219	1231	illumination	T070	C0023693
27734513	1237	1268	inner membranes of the plastids	T026	C1166994
27734513	1296	1302	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
27734513	1303	1310	storing	T169	C1698986
27734513	1311	1322	amyloplasts	T026	C1166948
27734513	1323	1332	decreased	T081	C0205216
27734513	1340	1344	data	T078	C1511726
27734513	1384	1392	plastids	T026	C0206524
27734513	1397	1407	plant cell	T025	C3178867
27734513	1408	1418	metabolism	T025	C3826603
27734513	1484	1497	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27734513	1501	1514	plastid forms	T026	C0206524
27734513	1536	1543	tissues	T025	C1514137
27734513	1548	1564	exposed to light	T033	C0241303
27734513	1566	1570	Pchl	T109	C0072490
27734513	1584	1592	plastids	T026	C0206524
27734513	1636	1642	period	T079	C1948053

27734729|t|Incontinence -associated dermatitis: reducing adverse events
27734729|a|Incontinence -associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common problem in patients with faecal and/or urinary incontinence. Urine alters the normal skin flora and increases permeability of the stratum corneum and faecal enzymes on the skin contribute to skin damage. Faecal bacteria can then penetrate the skin, increasing the risk of secondary infection. However, IAD can be prevented and healed with timely and appropriate skin cleansing and skin protection. This includes appropriate use of containment devices. This article also looks at HARTMANN incontinence pads that have been developed to absorb the fluids that cause IAD and maintain the skin's acidic pH. The acidic pH of the skin contributes to its barrier function and defence against infection. Therefore, maintaining an acidic pH will help protect the skin from damage.
27734729	0	12	Incontinence	T047	C0021167
27734729	25	35	dermatitis	T047	C0011603
27734729	37	45	reducing	T080	C0392756
27734729	46	60	adverse events	T046	C0879626
27734729	61	73	Incontinence	T047	C0021167
27734729	86	96	dermatitis	T047	C0011603
27734729	98	101	IAD	T047	C0011603
27734729	115	122	problem	T033	C0033213
27734729	126	134	patients	T101	C0030705
27734729	140	146	faecal	T047	C0015732
27734729	154	174	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
27734729	176	181	Urine	T031	C0042036
27734729	200	204	skin	T022	C1123023
27734729	205	210	flora	T033	C0314761
27734729	225	237	permeability	T070	C0031164
27734729	245	260	stratum corneum	T024	C0221921
27734729	265	271	faecal	T031	C0015733
27734729	272	279	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27734729	287	291	skin	T022	C1123023
27734729	306	317	skin damage	T184	C0849640
27734729	319	325	Faecal	T031	C0015733
27734729	326	334	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27734729	344	353	penetrate	T169	C0205321
27734729	358	362	skin	T022	C1123023
27734729	379	383	risk	T078	C0035647
27734729	387	406	secondary infection	T047	C0442886
27734729	417	420	IAD	T047	C0011603
27734729	428	437	prevented	T061	C0199176
27734729	442	448	healed	T169	C0205249
27734729	465	476	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27734729	477	491	skin cleansing	T061	C0455082
27734729	496	511	skin protection	T201	C1543231
27734729	527	538	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27734729	546	565	containment devices	T074	C0181299
27734729	594	620	HARTMANN incontinence pads	T074	C0085099
27734729	660	666	fluids	T167	C0302908
27734729	678	681	IAD	T047	C0011603
27734729	699	705	skin's	T022	C1123023
27734729	706	715	acidic pH	T081	C0020283
27734729	721	730	acidic pH	T081	C0020283
27734729	738	742	skin	T022	C1123023
27734729	762	778	barrier function	T042	C2246986
27734729	799	808	infection	T046	C3714514
27734729	836	845	acidic pH	T081	C0020283
27734729	868	872	skin	T022	C1123023
27734729	878	884	damage	T169	C1883709

27736157|t|New sterols with anti-inflammatory potentials against cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase from Paphia malabarica
27736157|a|Marine bivalves occupy a leading share in the total edible molluscs at the coastline regions of south-eastern Asia, and are found to possess significant nutritional and biological potential. Various in vitro evaluation (antioxidant and anti-inflammatory) guided purification of ethyl acetate - methanol (EtOAc - MeOH) extract of bivalve clam, Paphia malabarica characterised two new sterol derivatives as 23-gem-dimethylcholesta-5-en-3β-ol (1) and (22E)-24(1),24(2)-methyldihomocholest-5,22-dien-3β-ol (2) collected from the south-west coast of Arabian Sea. Their structures were unambiguously assigned on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of 2 as determined by DPPH / ABTS(+) radical scavenging and anti- cyclooxygenase-2 / 5-lipoxygenase assays were significantly greater (IC50 < 1 mg/mL) than 1 (IC50 > 1 mg/mL). Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that the bioactivities of these compounds were directly proportional to the electronic and lipophilic parameters. This is the first report of the occurrence and characterisation of 23-gem-dimethyl-3β-hydroxy-Δ(5)-cholestane nucleus and C-30 dihomosterol from marine organisms.
27736157	4	11	sterols	T109	C0038323
27736157	17	45	anti-inflammatory potentials	T080	C1515999
27736157	54	70	cyclooxygenase-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27736157	75	89	5-lipoxygenase	T116,T126	C0003693
27736157	95	112	Paphia malabarica	T204	C3611736
27736157	113	128	Marine bivalves	T204	C0542270
27736157	172	180	molluscs	T204	C0026391
27736157	188	205	coastline regions	T083	C0017446
27736157	209	227	south-eastern Asia	T083	C0003983
27736157	266	277	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27736157	282	302	biological potential	T080	C0205460
27736157	312	331	in vitro evaluation	T062	C0681828
27736157	333	344	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27736157	349	366	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27736157	375	387	purification	T169	C1998793
27736157	391	404	ethyl acetate	T109,T121	C0059747
27736157	407	415	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27736157	417	422	EtOAc	T109,T121	C0059747
27736157	425	429	MeOH	T109,T131	C0001963
27736157	431	438	extract	T167	C2828366
27736157	442	454	bivalve clam	T204	C0008894
27736157	456	473	Paphia malabarica	T204	C3611736
27736157	474	487	characterised	T052	C1880022
27736157	496	502	sterol	T109	C0038323
27736157	503	514	derivatives	T104	C0002776
27736157	518	552	23-gem-dimethylcholesta-5-en-3β-ol	T109	C0038323
27736157	554	555	1	T109	C0038323
27736157	561	614	(22E)-24(1),24(2)-methyldihomocholest-5,22-dien-3β-ol	T109	C0038323
27736157	616	617	2	T109	C0038323
27736157	638	654	south-west coast	T083	C0017446
27736157	658	669	Arabian Sea	T083	C0036493
27736157	677	687	structures	T170	C0220807
27736157	732	734	1D	T060	C0877853
27736157	736	755	2D NMR spectroscopy	T060	C0877853
27736157	760	777	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27736157	783	794	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27736157	799	827	anti-inflammatory activities	T080	C1515999
27736157	831	832	2	T109	C0038323
27736157	850	854	DPPH	T109,T130	C0045305
27736157	857	864	ABTS(+)	T109,T130	C0045246
27736157	865	883	radical scavenging	T044	C3537124
27736157	894	910	cyclooxygenase-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27736157	913	927	5-lipoxygenase	T116,T126	C0003693
27736157	928	934	assays	T059	C0005507
27736157	984	985	1	T109	C0038323
27736157	1004	1044	Structure-activity relationship analysis	T080	C0038477
27736157	1063	1076	bioactivities	T052	C0441655
27736157	1086	1095	compounds	T121	C1254351
27736157	1130	1140	electronic	T070	C1254365
27736157	1145	1166	lipophilic parameters	T081	C0598631
27736157	1200	1210	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27736157	1215	1231	characterisation	T052	C1880022
27736157	1235	1285	23-gem-dimethyl-3β-hydroxy-Δ(5)-cholestane nucleus	T109	C0038323
27736157	1290	1307	C-30 dihomosterol	T109	C0038323
27736157	1313	1329	marine organisms	T001	C0599383

27736701|t|MRI findings of isolated tubal torsions: case series of 12 patients: MRI findings suggesting isolated tubal torsions, correlating with surgical findings
27736701|a|To investigate specific MRI findings for the prompt diagnosis of tubal torsion by reviewing 12 cases. The MRI findings presenting surgically and pathologically proven isolated tubal torsion were evaluated. Key specific findings, including whirlpool sign and plicae tubaliae, were frequently associated with the diseases and were grouped for three types. Knowledge of specific MRI findings and the types of tubal torsion may lead to a correct and prompt diagnosis, resulting in preservation of fertility.
27736701	0	3	MRI	T060	C0024485
27736701	4	12	findings	T033	C0243095
27736701	16	24	isolated	T169	C0205409
27736701	25	39	tubal torsions	T046	C0269169
27736701	41	52	case series	T062	C0150093
27736701	59	67	patients	T101	C0030705
27736701	69	72	MRI	T060	C0024485
27736701	73	81	findings	T033	C0243095
27736701	93	101	isolated	T169	C0205409
27736701	102	116	tubal torsions	T046	C0269169
27736701	118	129	correlating	T080	C1707520
27736701	135	143	surgical	T061	C0543467
27736701	144	152	findings	T033	C0243095
27736701	156	167	investigate	T169	C1292732
27736701	168	176	specific	T080	C0205369
27736701	177	180	MRI	T060	C0024485
27736701	181	189	findings	T033	C0243095
27736701	198	204	prompt	T169	C0871157
27736701	205	214	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27736701	218	231	tubal torsion	T046	C0269169
27736701	235	244	reviewing	T080	C1704362
27736701	248	253	cases	T077	C1706256
27736701	259	262	MRI	T060	C0024485
27736701	263	271	findings	T033	C0243095
27736701	283	293	surgically	T061	C0543467
27736701	298	312	pathologically	T169	C1521733
27736701	320	328	isolated	T169	C0205409
27736701	329	342	tubal torsion	T046	C0269169
27736701	348	357	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27736701	359	362	Key	T080	C3898777
27736701	363	371	specific	T080	C0205369
27736701	372	380	findings	T033	C0243095
27736701	392	406	whirlpool sign	T033	C0243095
27736701	411	426	plicae tubaliae	T033	C0243095
27736701	444	459	associated with	T080	C0332281
27736701	464	472	diseases	T047	C0012634
27736701	482	489	grouped	T082	C0439745
27736701	507	516	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
27736701	520	528	specific	T080	C0205369
27736701	529	532	MRI	T060	C0024485
27736701	533	541	findings	T033	C0243095
27736701	559	572	tubal torsion	T046	C0269169
27736701	587	594	correct	T080	C2349182
27736701	599	605	prompt	T169	C0871157
27736701	606	615	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27736701	630	655	preservation of fertility	T061	C1171194

27736955|t|Crystal Structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ECM4, a Xi-Class Glutathione Transferase that Reacts with Glutathionyl-(hydro)quinones
27736955|a|Glutathionyl-hydroquinone reductases (GHRs) belong to the recently characterized Xi-class of glutathione transferases (GSTXs) according to unique structural properties and are present in all but animal kingdoms. The GHR ScECM4 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied since 1997 when it was found to be potentially involved in cell-wall biosynthesis. Up to now and in spite of biological studies made on this enzyme, its physiological role remains challenging. The work here reports its crystallographic study. In addition to exhibiting the general GSTX structural features, ScECM4 shows extensions including a huge loop which contributes to the quaternary assembly. These structural extensions are probably specific to Saccharomycetaceae. Soaking of ScECM4 crystals with GS-menadione results in a structure where glutathione forms a mixed disulfide bond with the cysteine 46. Solution studies confirm that ScECM4 has reductase activity for GS-menadione in presence of glutathione. Moreover, the high resolution structures allowed us to propose new roles of conserved residues of the active site to assist the cysteine 46 during the catalytic act.
27736955	0	17	Crystal Structure	T104	C0444626
27736955	21	45	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27736955	46	50	ECM4	T116,T123	C0033684
27736955	54	62	Xi-Class	T170	C0456387
27736955	63	86	Glutathione Transferase	T116,T126	C0017837
27736955	104	132	Glutathionyl-(hydro)quinones	T116,T123	C0017817
27736955	133	169	Glutathionyl-hydroquinone reductases	T116,T126	C0017837
27736955	171	175	GHRs	T116,T126	C0017837
27736955	200	213	characterized	T052	C1880022
27736955	214	222	Xi-class	T170	C0456387
27736955	226	250	glutathione transferases	T116,T126	C0017837
27736955	252	257	GSTXs	T116,T126	C0017837
27736955	272	278	unique	T080	C1710548
27736955	279	289	structural	T082	C0678594
27736955	290	300	properties	T080	C0871161
27736955	309	316	present	T033	C0150312
27736955	328	343	animal kingdoms	T008	C0003062
27736955	349	352	GHR	T116,T126	C0017837
27736955	353	359	ScECM4	T116,T123	C0033684
27736955	369	374	yeast	T004	C0036025
27736955	375	399	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27736955	476	498	cell-wall biosynthesis	T043	C0007613
27736955	526	536	biological	T080	C0205460
27736955	537	544	studies	T062	C2603343
27736955	558	564	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27736955	570	583	physiological	T169	C0205463
27736955	584	588	role	T077	C1705810
27736955	636	652	crystallographic	T059	C0010424
27736955	653	658	study	T062	C2603343
27736955	660	674	In addition to	T169	C0332287
27736955	698	702	GSTX	T116,T126	C0017837
27736955	703	713	structural	T082	C0678594
27736955	714	722	features	T080	C2348519
27736955	724	730	ScECM4	T116,T123	C0033684
27736955	737	747	extensions	T169	C0231448
27736955	765	769	loop	T082	C0445022
27736955	776	787	contributes	T052	C1880177
27736955	806	814	assembly	T044	C0872376
27736955	822	832	structural	T082	C0678594
27736955	833	843	extensions	T169	C0231448
27736955	857	865	specific	T080	C0205369
27736955	869	887	Saccharomycetaceae	T004	C1080944
27736955	889	896	Soaking	T061	C0204774
27736955	900	906	ScECM4	T116,T123	C0033684
27736955	907	915	crystals	T122	C1378554
27736955	921	933	GS-menadione	T116	C0080806
27736955	947	956	structure	T082	C0678594
27736955	963	974	glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27736955	983	988	mixed	T169	C0205430
27736955	989	1003	disulfide bond	T087	C1511997
27736955	1013	1024	cysteine 46	T116,T123	C0010654
27736955	1026	1034	Solution	T167	C0037633
27736955	1035	1042	studies	T062	C2603343
27736955	1043	1050	confirm	T033	C0750484
27736955	1056	1062	ScECM4	T116,T123	C0033684
27736955	1067	1085	reductase activity	T044	C1148566
27736955	1090	1102	GS-menadione	T116	C0080806
27736955	1106	1114	presence	T033	C0150312
27736955	1118	1129	glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27736955	1145	1160	high resolution	T059	C1719039
27736955	1161	1171	structures	T082	C0678594
27736955	1198	1203	roles	T077	C1705810
27736955	1207	1225	conserved residues	T086	C0009802
27736955	1233	1244	active site	T169	C0205681
27736955	1259	1270	cysteine 46	T116,T123	C0010654
27736955	1282	1295	catalytic act	T070	C0007382

27737333|t|Risk factors analyses for lateral lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinomas: a retrospective study of 356 patients
27737333|a|The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and risk factors for lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). 356 patients diagnosed with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection and lateral lymph node dissection between January 2005 and December 2011 were enrolled. The relation between LLNM and clinicopathological features such as gender, age, tumor size, tumor spread, psammoma bodies, tumor multifocality, extrathyroidal extension (ETE), unilateral or bilateral disease, tumor primary location and central lymph node metastases (CLNM) was analyzed. The rate of LLNM was 75.0%. In the univariate analysis, it was significantly associated with age, tumor size, tumor spread, extrathyroidal extension, primary tumor location and central lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05). In contrast, in the multivariate analysis, it was significantly associated with primary tumor location, central lymph node metastasis (p < 0.05) and tumor size > 1.5 cm with p = 0.05 but was unrelated to the other factors. Patients with PTC, with the primary tumor located in the upper part of the lobe and positive central compartment lymph node metastasis with a tumor size > 1.5 cm diameter are more likely to have LLNM. Therefore, more meticulous evaluations including the lateral lymph nodes should be performed before surgery.
27737333	0	12	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
27737333	13	21	analyses	T062	C0936012
27737333	26	55	lateral lymph node metastases	T191	C0686619
27737333	59	87	papillary thyroid carcinomas	T191	C0238463
27737333	91	110	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27737333	118	126	patients	T101	C0030705
27737333	143	148	study	T062	C0035363
27737333	156	167	investigate	T169	C1292732
27737333	172	181	incidence	T081	C0021149
27737333	186	198	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27737333	203	232	lateral lymph node metastasis	T191	C0686619
27737333	234	238	LLNM	T191	C0686619
27737333	243	251	patients	T101	C0030705
27737333	257	284	papillary thyroid carcinoma	T191	C0238463
27737333	286	289	PTC	T191	C0238463
27737333	296	304	patients	T101	C0030705
27737333	305	314	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27737333	320	323	PTC	T191	C0238463
27737333	338	357	total thyroidectomy	T061	C0193788
27737333	362	391	central lymph node dissection	T061	C3899695
27737333	396	403	lateral	T082	C0205093
27737333	404	425	lymph node dissection	T061	C0242382
27737333	501	505	LLNM	T191	C0686619
27737333	510	529	clinicopathological	T169	C1521733
27737333	530	538	features	T080	C2348519
27737333	547	553	gender	T032	C0079399
27737333	555	558	age	T032	C0001779
27737333	560	570	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27737333	572	584	tumor spread	T033	C1334939
27737333	586	601	psammoma bodies	T031	C0391863
27737333	603	622	tumor multifocality	T033	C1302461
27737333	624	648	extrathyroidal extension	T191	C3899369
27737333	650	653	ETE	T191	C3899369
27737333	656	666	unilateral	T033	C4035394
27737333	670	687	bilateral disease	T033	C1511113
27737333	689	694	tumor	T191	C0027651
27737333	695	702	primary	T080	C0205225
27737333	703	711	location	T082	C0450429
27737333	716	745	central lymph node metastases	T191	C0686619
27737333	747	751	CLNM	T191	C0686619
27737333	757	765	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27737333	771	775	rate	T081	C1521828
27737333	779	783	LLNM	T191	C0686619
27737333	802	821	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
27737333	844	859	associated with	T080	C0332281
27737333	860	863	age	T032	C0001779
27737333	865	875	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27737333	877	889	tumor spread	T033	C1334939
27737333	891	915	extrathyroidal extension	T191	C3899369
27737333	917	924	primary	T080	C0205225
27737333	925	930	tumor	T191	C0027651
27737333	931	939	location	T082	C0450429
27737333	944	973	central lymph node metastasis	T191	C0686619
27737333	1006	1027	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27737333	1050	1065	associated with	T080	C0332281
27737333	1066	1073	primary	T080	C0205225
27737333	1074	1079	tumor	T191	C0027651
27737333	1080	1088	location	T082	C0450429
27737333	1090	1119	central lymph node metastasis	T191	C0686619
27737333	1135	1145	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27737333	1200	1207	factors	T169	C1521761
27737333	1209	1217	Patients	T101	C0030705
27737333	1223	1226	PTC	T191	C0238463
27737333	1237	1244	primary	T080	C0205225
27737333	1245	1250	tumor	T191	C0027651
27737333	1251	1258	located	T082	C0450429
27737333	1266	1276	upper part	T082	C1254362
27737333	1284	1288	lobe	T023	C0796494
27737333	1293	1301	positive	T033	C1446409
27737333	1302	1321	central compartment	UnknownType	C0682583
27737333	1322	1343	lymph node metastasis	T191	C0686619
27737333	1351	1361	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27737333	1371	1379	diameter	T081	C1301886
27737333	1404	1408	LLNM	T191	C0686619
27737333	1426	1448	meticulous evaluations	T058	C0220825
27737333	1463	1470	lateral	T082	C0205093
27737333	1471	1482	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
27737333	1510	1517	surgery	T061	C0543467

27737795|t|Mycotoxin detoxifiers attenuate deoxynivalenol - induced pro-inflammatory barrier insult in porcine enterocytes as an in vitro evaluation model of feed mycotoxin reduction
27737795|a|Deoxynivalenol (DON), the most prevalent mycotoxin worldwide, leads to economic losses for animal food production. Swine is a most sensitive domestic animal to DON due to rapid absorption and low detoxification by gut microbiota. Specifically, DON can severely damage pig intestinal tissue by disrupting the intestinal barrier and inducing inflammatory responses. We evaluated the effects of several mycotoxin detoxifiers including bentonites, yeast cell wall components, and mixture-typed detoxifier composed of mineral, microorganisms, and phytogenic substances on DON - insulted intestinal barrier and pro-inflammatory responses using in vitro porcine enterocyte culture model. DON - induced disruption of the in vitro gut barrier was attenuated by all three mycotoxin detoxifiers in dose-dependent manners. These mycotoxin detoxifiers also suppressed DON - induced pro-inflammatory chemokine expression to different degrees, which was mediated by downregulation of mitogen-activated kinases and early growth response-1. Of note, the mixture-typed detoxifier was the most prominent mitigating agent at the cellular levels whereas the high dose of bentonite clay also had suppressive action against DON - induced pro-inflammatory insult. The in vitro porcine enterocyte-based assessment of intestinal barrier integrity and inflammatory signals provides sensitive and simplified alternative bioassay of feed additives such as detoxifiers against enteropathogenic mycotoxins with comprehensive mechanistic confirmation.
27737795	0	9	Mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
27737795	10	21	detoxifiers	T121	C1254351
27737795	22	31	attenuate	T052	C0599946
27737795	32	46	deoxynivalenol	T109,T131	C0057445
27737795	49	56	induced	T169	C0205263
27737795	57	73	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27737795	74	81	barrier	T033	C1704511
27737795	82	88	insult	T037	C0178314
27737795	92	99	porcine	T015	C3665571
27737795	100	111	enterocytes	T025	C0682610
27737795	118	126	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27737795	127	137	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27737795	138	143	model	T170	C3161035
27737795	147	151	feed	T168	C0003050
27737795	152	161	mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
27737795	162	171	reduction	T061	C0441610
27737795	172	186	Deoxynivalenol	T109,T131	C0057445
27737795	188	191	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27737795	203	212	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27737795	213	222	mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
27737795	223	232	worldwide	T098	C2700280
27737795	243	258	economic losses	T081	C0681022
27737795	263	274	animal food	T168	C0003050
27737795	275	285	production	T169	C0205245
27737795	287	292	Swine	T015	C0039005
27737795	303	312	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27737795	313	328	domestic animal	T008	C0003063
27737795	332	335	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27737795	343	359	rapid absorption	T067	C2347023
27737795	364	367	low	T080	C0205251
27737795	368	382	detoxification	T046	C1622680
27737795	386	400	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
27737795	416	419	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27737795	424	439	severely damage	T169	C1883709
27737795	440	443	pig	T015	C0039005
27737795	444	461	intestinal tissue	T024	C1708548
27737795	465	475	disrupting	T080	C0332454
27737795	480	498	intestinal barrier	T033	C1704511
27737795	503	511	inducing	T169	C0205263
27737795	512	534	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
27737795	539	548	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27737795	553	563	effects of	T080	C1704420
27737795	564	571	several	T081	C0443302
27737795	572	581	mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
27737795	582	593	detoxifiers	T121	C1254351
27737795	604	614	bentonites	T121,T197	C0005018
27737795	616	621	yeast	T004	C0043393
27737795	622	631	cell wall	T026	C0007623
27737795	632	642	components	T077	C1705248
27737795	648	672	mixture-typed detoxifier	T121	C1254351
27737795	685	692	mineral	T197	C0026162
27737795	694	708	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
27737795	714	735	phytogenic substances	T121	C1254351
27737795	739	742	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27737795	745	753	insulted	T037	C0178314
27737795	754	772	intestinal barrier	T033	C1704511
27737795	777	803	pro-inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
27737795	810	818	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27737795	819	826	porcine	T015	C3665571
27737795	827	837	enterocyte	T025	C0682610
27737795	838	851	culture model	T170	C3161035
27737795	853	856	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27737795	859	866	induced	T169	C0205263
27737795	867	877	disruption	T080	C0332454
27737795	885	893	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27737795	894	897	gut	T023	C0699819
27737795	898	905	barrier	T033	C1704511
27737795	910	920	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27737795	934	943	mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
27737795	944	955	detoxifiers	T121	C1254351
27737795	959	973	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27737795	989	998	mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
27737795	999	1010	detoxifiers	T121	C1254351
27737795	1016	1026	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27737795	1027	1030	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27737795	1033	1040	induced	T169	C0205263
27737795	1041	1067	pro-inflammatory chemokine	T116,T129	C0282554
27737795	1068	1078	expression	T045	C1171362
27737795	1082	1091	different	T080	C1705242
27737795	1092	1099	degrees	T081	C0449286
27737795	1111	1119	mediated	T054	C0086597
27737795	1123	1137	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27737795	1141	1166	mitogen-activated kinases	T116,T126	C0752312
27737795	1171	1194	early growth response-1	T116,T123	C1566493
27737795	1209	1233	mixture-typed detoxifier	T121	C1254351
27737795	1247	1256	prominent	T080	C0205402
27737795	1257	1267	mitigating	T067	C1553901
27737795	1268	1273	agent	T120	C0450442
27737795	1281	1289	cellular	T025	C0007634
27737795	1290	1296	levels	T080	C0441889
27737795	1309	1318	high dose	T081	C0444956
27737795	1322	1336	bentonite clay	T197	C1458121
27737795	1346	1364	suppressive action	T169	C0205367
27737795	1373	1376	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27737795	1379	1386	induced	T169	C0205263
27737795	1387	1410	pro-inflammatory insult	T037	C0178314
27737795	1416	1424	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27737795	1425	1432	porcine	T015	C3665571
27737795	1433	1449	enterocyte-based	T025	C0682610
27737795	1450	1460	assessment	T058	C0220825
27737795	1464	1482	intestinal barrier	T033	C1704511
27737795	1483	1492	integrity	T080	C1947912
27737795	1497	1509	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27737795	1510	1517	signals	T078	C0010439
27737795	1527	1536	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27737795	1564	1572	bioassay	T059	C0005507
27737795	1576	1590	feed additives	T168	C0311208
27737795	1599	1610	detoxifiers	T121	C1254351
27737795	1619	1635	enteropathogenic	T001	C1562052
27737795	1636	1646	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27737795	1652	1665	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27737795	1678	1690	confirmation	T033	C0750484

27737807|t|Cognitive assessment of pycnogenol therapy following traumatic brain injury
27737807|a|We have previously shown that pycnogenol (PYC) increases antioxidants, decreases oxidative stress, suppresses neuroinflammation and enhances synaptic plasticity following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we investigate the effects of PYC on cognitive function following a controlled cortical impact (CCI). Adult Sprague-Dawley rats received a CCI injury followed by an intraperitoneal injection of PYC (50 or 100mg/kg). Seven days post trauma, subjects were evaluated in a Morris water maze (MWM) and evaluated for changes in lesion volume. Some animals were evaluated at 48h for hippocampal Fluoro-jade B (FJB) staining. The highest dose of PYC therapy significantly reduced lesion volume, with no improvement in MWM compared to vehicle controls. PYC failed to reduce the total number of FJB positive neurons in the hippocampus. These results suggest that the reduction of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are not the key components of the secondary injury that contribute to cognitive deficits following TBI.
27737807	0	20	Cognitive assessment	T060	C0870300
27737807	24	34	pycnogenol	T109,T121	C0072642
27737807	35	42	therapy	T061	C0087111
27737807	53	75	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
27737807	106	116	pycnogenol	T109,T121	C0072642
27737807	118	121	PYC	T109,T121	C0072642
27737807	123	132	increases	T081	C0205217
27737807	133	145	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
27737807	147	156	decreases	T081	C0205216
27737807	157	173	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27737807	175	185	suppresses	T169	C1260953
27737807	186	203	neuroinflammation	T046	C1408627
27737807	208	236	enhances synaptic plasticity	T042	C1622185
27737807	247	269	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
27737807	271	274	TBI	T037	C0876926
27737807	286	297	investigate	T169	C1292732
27737807	302	312	effects of	T080	C1704420
27737807	313	316	PYC	T109,T121	C0072642
27737807	320	338	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
27737807	351	377	controlled cortical impact	T169	C0443254
27737807	379	382	CCI	T169	C0443254
27737807	385	390	Adult	T100	C0001675
27737807	391	410	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
27737807	422	432	CCI injury	T037	C3263723
27737807	448	473	intraperitoneal injection	T061	C0021493
27737807	477	480	PYC	T109,T121	C0072642
27737807	499	509	Seven days	T079	C1254367
27737807	510	521	post trauma	T033	C0150062
27737807	523	531	subjects	T098	C0080105
27737807	537	546	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27737807	552	569	Morris water maze	T059	C0022885
27737807	571	574	MWM	T059	C0022885
27737807	580	589	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27737807	605	618	lesion volume	T033	C0243095
27737807	625	632	animals	T008	C0003062
27737807	638	647	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27737807	659	670	hippocampal	T029	C3496509
27737807	671	684	Fluoro-jade B	T109,T130	C3661365
27737807	686	689	FJB	T109,T130	C3661365
27737807	691	699	staining	T059	C0487602
27737807	713	717	dose	T081	C0178602
27737807	721	724	PYC	T109,T121	C0072642
27737807	725	732	therapy	T061	C0087111
27737807	733	754	significantly reduced	T080	C0392756
27737807	755	768	lesion volume	T033	C0243095
27737807	775	789	no improvement	T033	C3844714
27737807	793	796	MWM	T059	C0022885
27737807	809	825	vehicle controls	T096	C0009932
27737807	827	830	PYC	T109,T121	C0072642
27737807	831	837	failed	T169	C0231175
27737807	841	847	reduce	T080	C0392756
27737807	868	871	FJB	T109,T130	C3661365
27737807	881	888	neurons	T025	C0027882
27737807	896	907	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27737807	915	922	results	T034	C0456984
27737807	923	930	suggest	T078	C1705535
27737807	940	949	reduction	T061	C0441610
27737807	953	969	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27737807	974	991	neuroinflammation	T046	C1408627
27737807	1004	1018	key components	T077	C1705248
27737807	1026	1042	secondary injury	T037	C3263722
27737807	1048	1058	contribute	T052	C1880177
27737807	1062	1080	cognitive deficits	T033	C2237374
27737807	1091	1094	TBI	T037	C0876926

27737923|t|Phosphate availability regulates ethylene biosynthesis gene expression and protein accumulation in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) roots
27737923|a|The expression and accumulation of members of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) gene families was examined in white clover roots grown in either Pi (phosphate) sufficient or Pi -deprived defined media. The accumulation of one ACO isoform, TR-ACO1, was positively influenced after only 1 h of exposure to low Pi, and this was maintained over a 7- day time-course. Up-regulation of TR-ACS1, TR-ACS2 and TR-ACS3 transcript abundance was also observed within 1 h of exposure to low Pi in different tissue regions of the roots, followed by a second increase in abundance of TR-ACS2 after 5-7 days of exposure. An increase in transcript abundance of TR-ACO1 and TR-ACO3, but not TR-ACO2, was observed after 1 h of exposure to low Pi, with a second increase in TR-ACO1 transcripts occurring after 2-5 days. These initial increases of the TR-ACS and TR-ACO transcript abundance occurred before the induction of Trifolium repens PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 1 (TR-PT1), and the addition of sodium phosphite did not up-regulate TR-ACS1 expression over 24 h. In situ hybridization revealed some overlap of TR-ACO mRNA accumulation, with TR-ACO1 and TR-ACO2 in the root tip regions, and TR-ACO1 and TR-ACO3 mRNA predominantly in the lateral root primordia. TR-ACO1p -driven GFP expression showed that activation of the TR-ACO1 promoter was initiated within 24 h of exposure to low Pi (as determined by GFP protein accumulation). These results suggest that the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in white clover roots is biphasic in response to low Pi supply.
27737923	0	9	Phosphate	T121,T197	C0031603
27737923	10	22	availability	T169	C0470187
27737923	23	32	regulates	T038	C1327622
27737923	33	54	ethylene biosynthesis	T044	C1155275
27737923	55	70	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27737923	75	82	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27737923	83	95	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27737923	99	111	white clover	T002	C0330781
27737923	113	132	Trifolium repens L.	T002	C0330781
27737923	134	139	roots	T002	C0242726
27737923	144	154	expression	T045	C0017262
27737923	159	171	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27737923	175	182	members	T078	C0441833
27737923	190	238	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase	T028	C1842089
27737923	240	243	ACS	T028	C1842089
27737923	249	260	ACC oxidase	T028	C0017337
27737923	262	265	ACO	T028	C0017337
27737923	267	280	gene families	T028	C1517488
27737923	297	309	white clover	T002	C0330781
27737923	310	315	roots	T002	C0242726
27737923	332	334	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27737923	336	345	phosphate	T121,T197	C0031603
27737923	347	357	sufficient	T080	C0205410
27737923	361	363	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27737923	382	387	media	T167	C1705217
27737923	393	405	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27737923	413	416	ACO	T116,T126	C0044280
27737923	417	424	isoform	T116	C0597298
27737923	426	433	TR-ACO1	T116,T126	C0044280
27737923	439	449	positively	T033	C1446409
27737923	479	490	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27737923	495	497	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27737923	533	548	day time-course	T079	C0439548
27737923	550	563	Up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27737923	567	574	TR-ACS1	T028	C1842089
27737923	576	583	TR-ACS2	T028	C1842089
27737923	588	595	TR-ACS3	T028	C1842089
27737923	596	606	transcript	T114	C1519595
27737923	607	616	abundance	T080	C2346714
27737923	649	660	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27737923	665	667	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27737923	681	695	tissue regions	T025	C1514137
27737923	703	708	roots	T002	C0242726
27737923	731	739	increase	T169	C0442805
27737923	743	752	abundance	T080	C2346714
27737923	756	763	TR-ACS2	T028	C1842089
27737923	774	778	days	T079	C0439228
27737923	782	790	exposure	T080	C0332157
27737923	795	803	increase	T169	C0442805
27737923	807	817	transcript	T114	C1519595
27737923	818	827	abundance	T080	C2346714
27737923	831	838	TR-ACO1	T028	C0017337
27737923	843	850	TR-ACO3	T028	C0017337
27737923	860	867	TR-ACO2	T028	C0017337
27737923	895	906	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27737923	911	913	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27737923	929	937	increase	T169	C0442805
27737923	941	948	TR-ACO1	T028	C0017337
27737923	949	960	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27737923	981	985	days	T079	C0439228
27737923	1001	1010	increases	T169	C0442805
27737923	1018	1024	TR-ACS	T028	C1842089
27737923	1029	1035	TR-ACO	T028	C0017337
27737923	1036	1046	transcript	T114	C1519595
27737923	1047	1056	abundance	T080	C2346714
27737923	1077	1086	induction	T169	C0205263
27737923	1090	1106	Trifolium repens	T002	C0330781
27737923	1107	1130	PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER 1	T116,T123	C0890466
27737923	1132	1138	TR-PT1	T116,T123	C0890466
27737923	1161	1177	sodium phosphite	T197	C0021521
27737923	1186	1197	up-regulate	T044	C0041904
27737923	1198	1205	TR-ACS1	T028	C1842089
27737923	1206	1216	expression	T045	C0017262
27737923	1228	1249	In situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
27737923	1275	1281	TR-ACO	T028	C0017337
27737923	1282	1286	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27737923	1287	1299	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27737923	1306	1313	TR-ACO1	T028	C0017337
27737923	1318	1325	TR-ACO2	T028	C0017337
27737923	1333	1349	root tip regions	T002	C1136059
27737923	1355	1362	TR-ACO1	T028	C0017337
27737923	1367	1374	TR-ACO3	T028	C0017337
27737923	1375	1379	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27737923	1401	1408	lateral	T082	C0205093
27737923	1409	1413	root	T002	C0242726
27737923	1414	1423	primordia	T042	C0678727
27737923	1425	1433	TR-ACO1p	T116,T126	C0044280
27737923	1442	1445	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
27737923	1446	1456	expression	T045	C1171362
27737923	1469	1479	activation	T052	C1879547
27737923	1487	1494	TR-ACO1	T028	C0017337
27737923	1495	1503	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27737923	1533	1544	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27737923	1549	1551	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27737923	1570	1581	GFP protein	T116,T130	C0120285
27737923	1582	1594	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27737923	1628	1638	regulation	T038	C1327622
27737923	1642	1663	ethylene biosynthesis	T044	C1155275
27737923	1667	1679	white clover	T002	C0330781
27737923	1680	1685	roots	T002	C0242726
27737923	1689	1697	biphasic	T079	C0205184
27737923	1717	1719	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27737923	1720	1726	supply	T078	C0243163

27738051|t|Identification of Chlamydia trachomatis Antigens Recognized by T Cells From Highly Exposed Women Who Limit or Resist Genital Tract Infection
27738051|a|Natural infection induces partial immunity to Chlamydia trachomatis Identification of chlamydial antigens that induce interferon γ (IFN-) secretion by T cells from immune women could advance vaccine development. IFN-γ production by CD4(+) and CD8(+) peripheral blood T cells from 58 high-risk women was measured after coculture with antigen-presenting cells preincubated with recombinant Escherichia coli expressing a panel of 275 chlamydial antigens. Quantile median regression analysis was used to compare frequencies of IFN-γ responses in women with only cervical infection to those in women with endometrial infection and frequencies in women who remained uninfected for over 1 year to those in women who developed incident infection. Statistical methods were then used to identify proteins associated with protection. A higher median frequency of CD8(+) T-cell responses was detected in women with lower genital tract chlamydial infection, compared with those with upper genital tract chlamydial infection (13.8% vs 9.5%; P =04), but the CD4(+) T-cell response frequencies were not different. Women who remained uninfected displayed a greater frequency of positive CD4(+) T-cell responses (29% vs 18%; P < .0001), compared with women who had incident infection, while the frequencies of CD8(+) T-cell responses did not differ. A subset of proteins involved in central metabolism, type III secretion, and protein synthesis were associated with protection. Investigations in naturally exposed women reveal protective responses and identify chlamydial vaccine candidate antigens.
27738051	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
27738051	18	48	Chlamydia trachomatis Antigens	T129	C0368903
27738051	49	59	Recognized	T080	C0205396
27738051	63	70	T Cells	T025	C0039194
27738051	83	90	Exposed	T080	C0332157
27738051	91	96	Women	T098	C0043210
27738051	101	106	Limit	T169	C0439801
27738051	110	116	Resist	T169	C4281815
27738051	117	140	Genital Tract Infection	T047	C1263758
27738051	141	148	Natural	T169	C0205296
27738051	149	158	infection	T046	C3714514
27738051	167	174	partial	T081	C0728938
27738051	175	183	immunity	T039	C0020964
27738051	187	208	Chlamydia trachomatis	T007	C0008151
27738051	209	223	Identification	T080	C0205396
27738051	227	246	chlamydial antigens	T129	C0368903
27738051	259	271	interferon γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27738051	273	277	IFN-	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27738051	279	288	secretion	T043	C1327616
27738051	292	299	T cells	T025	C0039194
27738051	305	311	immune	T169	C0439662
27738051	312	317	women	T098	C0043210
27738051	332	351	vaccine development	T062	C0597634
27738051	353	358	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27738051	373	379	CD4(+)	T025	C0039215
27738051	384	390	CD8(+)	T025	C0242629
27738051	391	407	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27738051	408	415	T cells	T025	C0039194
27738051	434	439	women	T098	C0043210
27738051	459	468	coculture	T059	C0282547
27738051	474	498	antigen-presenting cells	T025	C0003315
27738051	517	528	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27738051	529	545	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27738051	572	591	chlamydial antigens	T129	C0368903
27738051	593	628	Quantile median regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27738051	641	648	compare	T052	C1707455
27738051	649	660	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27738051	664	669	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27738051	670	679	responses	T042	C0301872
27738051	683	688	women	T098	C0043210
27738051	699	717	cervical infection	T047	C1392348
27738051	730	735	women	T098	C0043210
27738051	741	752	endometrial	T023	C0014180
27738051	753	762	infection	T046	C3714514
27738051	767	778	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27738051	782	787	women	T098	C0043210
27738051	801	811	uninfected	T169	C0521118
27738051	823	827	year	T079	C0439234
27738051	840	845	women	T098	C0043210
27738051	860	868	incident	T067	C1551358
27738051	869	878	infection	T046	C3714514
27738051	880	899	Statistical methods	T062	C1710191
27738051	918	926	identify	T080	C0205396
27738051	927	935	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27738051	936	951	associated with	T080	C0332281
27738051	952	962	protection	T039	C0020964
27738051	980	989	frequency	T079	C0439603
27738051	993	1006	CD8(+) T-cell	T025	C0242629
27738051	1007	1016	responses	T043	C1318468
27738051	1033	1038	women	T098	C0043210
27738051	1044	1049	lower	T082	C0441994
27738051	1050	1063	genital tract	T022	C0700038
27738051	1064	1084	chlamydial infection	T047	C0008149
27738051	1086	1094	compared	T052	C1707455
27738051	1111	1116	upper	T082	C1282910
27738051	1117	1130	genital tract	T022	C0700038
27738051	1131	1151	chlamydial infection	T047	C0008149
27738051	1184	1197	CD4(+) T-cell	T025	C0039215
27738051	1207	1218	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27738051	1239	1244	Women	T098	C0043210
27738051	1258	1268	uninfected	T169	C0521118
27738051	1289	1298	frequency	T079	C0439603
27738051	1311	1324	CD4(+) T-cell	T025	C0039215
27738051	1325	1334	responses	T043	C1318468
27738051	1360	1368	compared	T052	C1707455
27738051	1374	1379	women	T098	C0043210
27738051	1388	1396	incident	T067	C1551358
27738051	1397	1406	infection	T046	C3714514
27738051	1418	1429	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27738051	1433	1446	CD8(+) T-cell	T025	C0242629
27738051	1447	1456	responses	T043	C1318468
27738051	1475	1481	subset	T185	C1515021
27738051	1485	1493	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27738051	1506	1524	central metabolism	T040	C0025519
27738051	1526	1544	type III secretion	T043	C3156721
27738051	1550	1567	protein synthesis	T044	C0597295
27738051	1589	1599	protection	T039	C0020964
27738051	1601	1615	Investigations	T169	C1292732
27738051	1629	1636	exposed	T080	C0332157
27738051	1637	1642	women	T098	C0043210
27738051	1661	1670	responses	T043	C1318468
27738051	1675	1683	identify	T080	C0205396
27738051	1684	1721	chlamydial vaccine candidate antigens	T109,T121,T129	C1519887

27738068|t|Cryoballoon ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: feasibility and safety of left atrial roof ablation with generation of conduction block in addition to antral pulmonary vein isolation
27738068|a|Although the generation of linear lesions by ablation improves success rates in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), the procedure has been considered unsuitable for cryoablation balloon catheter technologies. We developed a technique for linear ablations, using second-generation cryoballoon technology. This was a single-arm, prospective study in 76 patients with persistent AF treated consecutively at our centre. Cryoablation was performed using a 28 mm second-generation cryoballoon. The first cryoenergy application was performed in close proximity to the position during isolation of the left superior pulmonary vein (PV). Sequential overlapping freezes were applied along the left atrial (LA) roof by slight clockwise rotation of the sheath in combination with slight retraction of the sheath and incremental advancement of the cryoballoon, until reaching the original position for right superior PV isolation. The acute endpoint was the creation of a roofline, defined as complete conduction block across the LA roof >120 ms and ascending activation across the posterior LA wall. Acute success in roofline generation was achieved in 88% of patients, applying on average five (median 4-6) freezes with nadir temperature of -40°C (-36 to -44°C). In five patients, conduction block could not be achieved. No phrenic nerve injuries occurred during roofline generation. Generation of linear roofline lesions is possible with the second-generation cryoballoon. The technique can be used in combination with PV isolation to treat persistent AF with good acute success rates, short procedure times, and acceptable safety concerns. If validated by further studies, the method would be an appealing alternative to radiofrequency ablation techniques.
27738068	0	20	Cryoballoon ablation	T061	C4289728
27738068	24	54	persistent atrial fibrillation	T046	C2585653
27738068	56	67	feasibility	T169	C0457083
27738068	72	78	safety	T068	C0036043
27738068	82	93	left atrial	T023	C0225860
27738068	94	107	roof ablation	T061	C0547070
27738068	127	143	conduction block	T047	C0018794
27738068	159	190	antral pulmonary vein isolation	T061	C3544330
27738068	225	232	lesions	T033	C0221198
27738068	236	244	ablation	T061	C0547070
27738068	245	253	improves	T033	C0184511
27738068	262	267	rates	T081	C1521828
27738068	271	279	patients	T101	C0030705
27738068	285	315	persistent atrial fibrillation	T046	C2585653
27738068	317	319	AF	T047	C0004238
27738068	326	335	procedure	T061	C0184661
27738068	371	413	cryoablation balloon catheter technologies	T061	C4289728
27738068	430	439	technique	T169	C0449851
27738068	444	460	linear ablations	T061	C0547070
27738068	468	508	second-generation cryoballoon technology	T061	C4289728
27738068	521	531	single-arm	T062	C2826346
27738068	533	550	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27738068	557	565	patients	T101	C0030705
27738068	571	584	persistent AF	T046	C2585653
27738068	585	592	treated	T169	C1522326
27738068	614	620	centre	T093	C1274109
27738068	622	634	Cryoablation	T061	C4289728
27738068	663	692	second-generation cryoballoon	T074	C0025080
27738068	704	714	cryoenergy	T070	C0009264
27738068	750	759	proximity	T082	C1514583
27738068	783	792	isolation	T061	C3544330
27738068	800	828	left superior pulmonary vein	T023	C0226682
27738068	830	832	PV	T023	C0226682
27738068	835	845	Sequential	T080	C1705294
27738068	846	857	overlapping	T079	C1948020
27738068	858	865	freezes	T070	C0016701
27738068	889	910	left atrial (LA) roof	T023	C0225860
27738068	957	968	combination	T080	C0205195
27738068	981	991	retraction	T033	C0332523
27738068	1010	1021	incremental	T081	C1705117
27738068	1041	1052	cryoballoon	T074	C0025080
27738068	1095	1112	right superior PV	T023	C0226671
27738068	1113	1122	isolation	T061	C3544330
27738068	1128	1133	acute	T079	C0205178
27738068	1134	1142	endpoint	T201	C2347784
27738068	1165	1173	roofline	T169	C0332206
27738068	1195	1211	conduction block	T047	C0018794
27738068	1223	1230	LA roof	T023	C0225860
27738068	1253	1263	activation	T052	C1879547
27738068	1275	1292	posterior LA wall	T029	C2323884
27738068	1294	1299	Acute	T079	C0205178
27738068	1311	1319	roofline	T169	C0332206
27738068	1354	1362	patients	T101	C0030705
27738068	1402	1409	freezes	T070	C0016701
27738068	1415	1420	nadir	T080	C1708760
27738068	1421	1432	temperature	T081	C0039476
27738068	1466	1474	patients	T101	C0030705
27738068	1476	1492	conduction block	T047	C0018794
27738068	1519	1541	phrenic nerve injuries	T037	C3274504
27738068	1558	1577	roofline generation	T169	C0332206
27738068	1600	1616	roofline lesions	T033	C0221198
27738068	1638	1667	second-generation cryoballoon	T074	C0025080
27738068	1673	1682	technique	T169	C0449851
27738068	1698	1709	combination	T080	C0205195
27738068	1715	1727	PV isolation	T061	C3544330
27738068	1731	1736	treat	T169	C1522326
27738068	1737	1750	persistent AF	T046	C2585653
27738068	1775	1780	rates	T081	C1521828
27738068	1782	1803	short procedure times	T079	C0040223
27738068	1820	1826	safety	T068	C0036043
27738068	1827	1835	concerns	T078	C2699424
27738068	1840	1849	validated	T062	C1519941
27738068	1861	1868	studies	T062	C0008972
27738068	1874	1880	method	T169	C0449851
27738068	1918	1941	radiofrequency ablation	T061	C0850292
27738068	1942	1952	techniques	T169	C0449851

27738460|t|Thrombosis of the Saphenous Vein Stump after Varicose Vein Surgery
27738460|a|We evaluated thrombus extension in the proximal stump of the saphenous vein at 6 days, 4 weeks, and 16 weeks after saphenous vein surgery performed between July 2013 and March 2014 (18 patients, 29 limbs, and 31 stumps) using duplex ultrasonography. All thrombotic events were classified as endovenous heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT). Thrombus was observed in 27 stumps (87.1%), with only four (12.9%) stumps remaining without thrombus on postoperative day 6. Thrombus as EHIT class 2 was observed in one stump and as EHIT class 3 in another; in the remaining 25 stumps, it was observed as EHIT class 1 postoperatively. No further extension of thrombus was found at 4 and 16 weeks after surgery. The rate of thrombus formation in the proximal stump of the saphenous vein after conventional surgery is comparatively higher than that after thermoablation techniques. Further studies are required to determine adequate evaluation methods and appropriate therapies for stump thrombosis after varicose vein surgery. (This article is a translation of J Jpn Coll Angiol 2015; 55: 105-110).
27738460	0	10	Thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27738460	18	32	Saphenous Vein	T023	C0036186
27738460	33	38	Stump	T020	C0002690
27738460	45	66	Varicose Vein Surgery	T061	C0521235
27738460	70	79	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27738460	80	88	thrombus	T046	C0087086
27738460	89	98	extension	T169	C0231448
27738460	106	114	proximal	T082	C0205107
27738460	115	120	stump	T020	C0002690
27738460	128	142	saphenous vein	T023	C0036186
27738460	148	152	days	T079	C0439228
27738460	156	161	weeks	T079	C0439230
27738460	170	175	weeks	T079	C0439230
27738460	182	196	saphenous vein	T023	C0036186
27738460	197	204	surgery	T061	C0543467
27738460	223	227	July	T080	C3829447
27738460	237	242	March	T079	C3829202
27738460	252	260	patients	T101	C0030705
27738460	265	270	limbs	T023	C0015385
27738460	279	285	stumps	T020	C0002690
27738460	293	315	duplex ultrasonography	T060	C3825392
27738460	321	338	thrombotic events	T051	C0441471
27738460	344	354	classified	T185	C0008902
27738460	358	368	endovenous	T030	C0524444
27738460	369	392	heat-induced thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27738460	394	398	EHIT	T046	C0040053
27738460	401	409	Thrombus	T046	C0087086
27738460	429	435	stumps	T020	C0002690
27738460	468	474	stumps	T020	C0002690
27738460	475	484	remaining	T080	C1527428
27738460	493	501	thrombus	T046	C0087086
27738460	505	518	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27738460	519	522	day	T079	C0439228
27738460	526	534	Thrombus	T046	C0087086
27738460	538	542	EHIT	T046	C0040053
27738460	543	550	class 2	T170	C0441886
27738460	571	576	stump	T020	C0002690
27738460	584	588	EHIT	T046	C0040053
27738460	589	596	class 3	T170	C0441887
27738460	616	625	remaining	T080	C1527428
27738460	629	635	stumps	T020	C0002690
27738460	656	660	EHIT	T046	C0040053
27738460	661	668	class 1	T185	C0441885
27738460	669	684	postoperatively	T033	C0241311
27738460	686	688	No	T033	C1513916
27738460	697	706	extension	T169	C0231448
27738460	710	718	thrombus	T046	C0087086
27738460	741	746	weeks	T079	C0439230
27738460	753	760	surgery	T061	C0543467
27738460	766	770	rate	T081	C1521828
27738460	774	782	thrombus	T046	C0087086
27738460	783	792	formation	T169	C1522492
27738460	800	808	proximal	T082	C0205107
27738460	809	814	stump	T020	C0002690
27738460	822	836	saphenous vein	T023	C0036186
27738460	843	863	conventional surgery	T061	C1521745
27738460	881	887	higher	T080	C0205250
27738460	904	929	thermoablation techniques	T061	C0441476
27738460	973	981	adequate	T080	C0205411
27738460	982	1000	evaluation methods	T062	C2911685
27738460	1005	1016	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27738460	1017	1026	therapies	T061	C0087111
27738460	1031	1036	stump	T020	C0002690
27738460	1037	1047	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27738460	1054	1075	varicose vein surgery	T061	C0521235

27740919|t|Feasibility of a transition intervention aimed at adolescents with chronic illness
27740919|a|International guidelines recommend planned and structured transition programmes for adolescents with chronic illness because inadequate transition may lead to poor disease control and risk of lacking outpatient follow-up. To investigate the feasibility of a transition intervention aimed at adolescents with chronic illness focusing on declines, drop-outs, no-shows and advantages and disadvantages of participating. We invited 236 adolescents (12-20 years) with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) to participate in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) transition intervention. Reasons for decline and drop-outs were calculated. Adolescents ' experiences of advantages and disadvantages of participating and reasons for no-shows were investigated through focus groups and telephone interviews, which were analysed using thematic analysis. One hundred and twenty of the 236 eligible patients declined to participate in the intervention and 20% dropped out during the intervention. Unspecified declines and practical issues were the most common reason to decline, and ' do not wish to continue ' was the most common reason to drop-out. Reasons for no-shows were forgetting and being too busy. Advantages of participating were stated as ' participating without parents ', ' trust and confidentiality ', 'being able to set the agenda ' and ' responsiveness '. Disadvantages were ' unclear aim of the study ', 'meeting others with JIA ', 'too few conversations ' and ' transport issues '. Many adolescents had difficulties understanding the aim of the intervention. However, most participants appreciated the conversations about identity as well as the trust and confidentiality in the communication. In the future, adolescents should be offered more individually organised programmes according to their preferences and needs in cooperation with parents and health care providers.
27740919	0	11	Feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27740919	17	27	transition	T052	C2700061
27740919	28	40	intervention	T061	C0184661
27740919	41	46	aimed	T078	C1947946
27740919	50	61	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27740919	67	82	chronic illness	T047	C0008679
27740919	83	96	International	T078	C1512888
27740919	97	107	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27740919	141	151	transition	T052	C2700061
27740919	152	162	programmes	T058	C0043113
27740919	167	178	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27740919	184	199	chronic illness	T047	C0008679
27740919	208	218	inadequate	T080	C0205412
27740919	219	229	transition	T052	C2700061
27740919	242	262	poor disease control	T033	C0421179
27740919	267	271	risk	T078	C0035647
27740919	275	282	lacking	T080	C0332268
27740919	283	303	outpatient follow-up	T058	C0589125
27740919	308	319	investigate	T169	C1292732
27740919	324	335	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27740919	341	351	transition	T052	C2700061
27740919	352	364	intervention	T061	C0184661
27740919	365	370	aimed	T078	C1947946
27740919	374	385	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27740919	391	406	chronic illness	T047	C0008679
27740919	407	415	focusing	T041	C0589098
27740919	419	427	declines	T055	C1136454
27740919	429	438	drop-outs	T098	C0030686
27740919	440	448	no-shows	T081	C4042858
27740919	453	463	advantages	T078	C1254370
27740919	468	481	disadvantages	T078	C1254370
27740919	485	498	participating	T169	C0679823
27740919	515	526	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27740919	546	575	juvenile idiopathic arthritis	T047	C3495559
27740919	577	580	JIA	T047	C3495559
27740919	585	596	participate	T169	C0679823
27740919	602	629	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27740919	631	634	RCT	T062	C0206035
27740919	636	646	transition	T052	C2700061
27740919	647	659	intervention	T061	C0184661
27740919	661	668	Reasons	T078	C0392360
27740919	673	680	decline	T055	C1136454
27740919	685	694	drop-outs	T098	C0030686
27740919	700	710	calculated	T169	C0444686
27740919	712	723	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27740919	726	737	experiences	T041	C0596545
27740919	741	751	advantages	T078	C1254370
27740919	756	769	disadvantages	T078	C1254370
27740919	773	786	participating	T169	C0679823
27740919	791	798	reasons	T078	C0392360
27740919	803	811	no-shows	T081	C4042858
27740919	817	829	investigated	T169	C1292732
27740919	838	850	focus groups	T096	C0016400
27740919	855	875	telephone interviews	T062	C0021823
27740919	888	896	analysed	T062	C0936012
27740919	903	911	thematic	T062	C0949415
27740919	912	920	analysis	T062	C0936012
27740919	965	973	patients	T101	C0030705
27740919	974	997	declined to participate	T055	C1136454
27740919	1005	1017	intervention	T061	C0184661
27740919	1026	1037	dropped out	T098	C0030686
27740919	1049	1061	intervention	T061	C0184661
27740919	1063	1074	Unspecified	T080	C0205370
27740919	1075	1083	declines	T055	C1136454
27740919	1088	1104	practical issues	T033	C0033213
27740919	1119	1125	common	T081	C0205214
27740919	1126	1132	reason	T078	C0392360
27740919	1136	1143	decline	T055	C1136454
27740919	1151	1174	do not wish to continue	T053	C0004927
27740919	1190	1196	common	T081	C0205214
27740919	1197	1203	reason	T078	C0392360
27740919	1207	1215	drop-out	T098	C0030686
27740919	1217	1224	Reasons	T078	C0392360
27740919	1229	1237	no-shows	T081	C4042858
27740919	1243	1253	forgetting	T048	C0598853
27740919	1274	1284	Advantages	T078	C1254370
27740919	1288	1301	participating	T169	C0679823
27740919	1319	1332	participating	T169	C0679823
27740919	1333	1340	without	T080	C0332288
27740919	1341	1348	parents	T099	C0030551
27740919	1354	1359	trust	T054	C0237935
27740919	1364	1379	confidentiality	T078	C0009669
27740919	1406	1412	agenda	T170	C0681473
27740919	1421	1435	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
27740919	1439	1452	Disadvantages	T078	C1254370
27740919	1460	1467	unclear	T033	C3845108
27740919	1468	1471	aim	T078	C1947946
27740919	1479	1484	study	T062	C2603343
27740919	1509	1512	JIA	T047	C3495559
27740919	1525	1538	conversations	T054	C0871703
27740919	1547	1556	transport	T056	C0040802
27740919	1557	1563	issues	T033	C0033213
27740919	1572	1583	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27740919	1588	1600	difficulties	T033	C1299586
27740919	1601	1614	understanding	T041	C0162340
27740919	1619	1622	aim	T078	C1947946
27740919	1630	1642	intervention	T061	C0184661
27740919	1658	1670	participants	T100	C0205653
27740919	1687	1700	conversations	T054	C0871703
27740919	1731	1736	trust	T054	C0237935
27740919	1741	1756	confidentiality	T078	C0009669
27740919	1764	1777	communication	T054	C0009452
27740919	1794	1805	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27740919	1852	1862	programmes	T058	C0043113
27740919	1882	1893	preferences	T078	C0558295
27740919	1907	1918	cooperation	T054	C0392337
27740919	1924	1931	parents	T099	C0030551
27740919	1936	1957	health care providers	T097	C0018724

27741201|t|Outcomes With Cerclage Alone Compared With Cerclage Plus 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate
27741201|a|To examine the differences in perinatal outcomes among women with a prior preterm birth who received cerclage compared with cerclage plus 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. Women with transvaginal cerclage placement and a prior delivery between 16 and 36 weeks of gestation were identified over a 10- year period (July 2002 to May 2012) in this retrospective cohort study. Exclusion criteria were delivery at another institution, abdominal cerclage, multiple gestations, and major fetal anomalies. Maternal demographics, gestational age at cerclage, gestational age at delivery, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM), and birth weight were compared between women with a cerclage and cerclage plus 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. The primary outcome was delivery at less than 24 weeks of gestation. Of the 411 women who had a cerclage, 260 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 171 received a cerclage alone and 89 received cerclage plus 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. The two groups were not different with respect to maternal demographics and gestational age at cerclage. There was a significant difference among those who received indomethacin at the time of cerclage, betamethasone administration, and history of a loop electrosurgical excision procedure - cold knife cone and cerclage. Delivery at less than 24 weeks of gestation occurred in 6% of women receiving both 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and cerclage compared with 16% in the cerclage only group (odds ratio [OR] 0.31, 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.78, P=.01). In the multivariate analysis controlling for indomethacin use, prior cerclage, and loop electrosurgical excision procedure - cold knife cone there was a 73% reduction in delivery in the combined treatment group compared with cerclage alone (adjusted OR 0.26, P=.02). A multivariant analysis was conducted with correction for indomethacin at the time of cerclage, prior cerclage, and loop electrosurgical excision procedure - cold knife cone and cerclage surgery. Even after controlling for significant variables, there remained a 73% reduction in delivery at less than 24 weeks of gestation in the cerclage plus 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate cohort (adjusted OR 0.26, P=.02). Women receiving transvaginal cerclage plus 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate had a 69% relative reduction in delivery at less than 24 weeks of gestation when compared with women receiving cerclage alone. We found no difference in overall preterm delivery or preterm PROM. In this cohort, compared with cerclage alone, the likelihood of a viable neonate improves with both treatments.
27741201	0	8	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27741201	14	22	Cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	29	37	Compared	T052	C1707455
27741201	43	51	Cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	57	89	17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate	T109,T121,T125	C0044971
27741201	105	116	differences	T080	C1705242
27741201	120	138	perinatal outcomes	T169	C1274040
27741201	145	150	women	T098	C0043210
27741201	164	177	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
27741201	191	199	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	200	208	compared	T052	C1707455
27741201	214	222	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	228	260	17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate	T109,T121,T125	C0044971
27741201	262	267	Women	T098	C0043210
27741201	273	294	transvaginal cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	311	325	prior delivery	UnknownType	C0747969
27741201	344	349	weeks	T079	C0439230
27741201	353	362	gestation	T040	C0032961
27741201	390	394	year	T079	C0439234
27741201	395	401	period	T079	C1948053
27741201	434	460	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
27741201	462	480	Exclusion criteria	T169	C0680251
27741201	486	494	delivery	T040	C0005615
27741201	506	517	institution	T073,T093	C0018704
27741201	519	537	abdominal cerclage	T061	C1292825
27741201	539	558	multiple gestations	T033	C0032989
27741201	570	575	fetal	T018	C0015965
27741201	576	585	anomalies	T033	C1704258
27741201	587	595	Maternal	T099	C0026591
27741201	596	608	demographics	T081	C2828391
27741201	610	625	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27741201	629	637	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	639	654	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27741201	658	666	delivery	T040	C0005615
27741201	668	705	preterm prelabor rupture of membranes	T046	C0015944
27741201	707	711	PROM	T046	C0015944
27741201	718	730	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27741201	736	744	compared	T052	C1707455
27741201	753	758	women	T098	C0043210
27741201	766	774	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	779	787	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	793	825	17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate	T109,T121,T125	C0044971
27741201	839	846	outcome	T169	C1274040
27741201	851	859	delivery	T040	C0005615
27741201	873	894	24 weeks of gestation	T033	C0730522
27741201	907	912	women	T098	C0043210
27741201	923	931	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	941	959	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27741201	986	994	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	1017	1025	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	1031	1063	17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate	T109,T121,T125	C0044971
27741201	1073	1079	groups	T098	C0043210
27741201	1115	1123	maternal	T099	C0026591
27741201	1124	1136	demographics	T081	C2828391
27741201	1141	1156	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27741201	1160	1168	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	1230	1242	indomethacin	T109,T121	C0021246
27741201	1258	1266	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	1268	1281	betamethasone	T109,T121,T125	C0005308
27741201	1282	1296	administration	T061	C1533734
27741201	1302	1354	history of a loop electrosurgical excision procedure	T033	C4039811
27741201	1357	1372	cold knife cone	T060	C0195325
27741201	1377	1385	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	1387	1395	Delivery	T040	C0005615
27741201	1409	1430	24 weeks of gestation	T033	C0730522
27741201	1449	1454	women	T098	C0043210
27741201	1470	1502	17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate	T109,T121,T125	C0044971
27741201	1507	1515	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	1516	1524	compared	T052	C1707455
27741201	1541	1549	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	1555	1560	group	T098	C0043210
27741201	1562	1572	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27741201	1574	1576	OR	T081	C0028873
27741201	1588	1607	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27741201	1634	1655	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27741201	1672	1684	indomethacin	T109,T121	C0021246
27741201	1696	1704	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	1710	1749	loop electrosurgical excision procedure	T061	C0184930
27741201	1752	1767	cold knife cone	T060	C0195325
27741201	1797	1805	delivery	T040	C0005615
27741201	1832	1837	group	T098	C0043210
27741201	1838	1846	compared	T052	C1707455
27741201	1852	1860	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	1877	1879	OR	T081	C0028873
27741201	1896	1917	multivariant analysis	T062	C0936012
27741201	1952	1964	indomethacin	T109,T121	C0021246
27741201	1980	1988	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	1996	2004	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	2010	2049	loop electrosurgical excision procedure	T061	C0184930
27741201	2052	2067	cold knife cone	T060	C0195325
27741201	2072	2080	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	2081	2088	surgery	T061	C0543467
27741201	2174	2182	delivery	T040	C0005615
27741201	2196	2217	24 weeks of gestation	T033	C0730522
27741201	2225	2233	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	2239	2271	17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate	T109,T121,T125	C0044971
27741201	2272	2278	cohort	T098	C0599755
27741201	2289	2291	OR	T081	C0028873
27741201	2306	2311	Women	T098	C0043210
27741201	2322	2343	transvaginal cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	2349	2381	17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate	T109,T121,T125	C0044971
27741201	2414	2422	delivery	T040	C0005615
27741201	2436	2457	24 weeks of gestation	T033	C0730522
27741201	2463	2471	compared	T052	C1707455
27741201	2477	2482	women	T098	C0043210
27741201	2493	2501	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	2543	2559	preterm delivery	T033	C0151526
27741201	2563	2575	preterm PROM	T046	C0015944
27741201	2585	2591	cohort	T098	C0599755
27741201	2593	2601	compared	T052	C1707455
27741201	2607	2615	cerclage	T061	C0994592
27741201	2650	2657	neonate	T100	C0021289
27741201	2677	2687	treatments	T061	C0087111

27741202|t|Observed Rate of Down Syndrome in Twin Pregnancies
27741202|a|To evaluate the observed incidence of Down syndrome in twins compared with that expected based on maternal age - matched singletons, which is the current clinical approach. This was a retrospective review of California Prenatal Screening Program participants with expected delivery dates between July 1995 and December 2012. Cases confirmed prenatally or postnatally with a genetic imbalance leading to phenotypic Down syndrome (trisomy 21, mosaic trisomy 21, or translocations) were included. Pregnancies conceived with ovum donation and women older than 45 years were excluded. We compared the observed Down syndrome incidence per pregnancy for twins with expected incidence by extrapolating from singleton data and expected zygosity as is the current clinical approach. This extrapolation assumes that monozygotic pregnancies have equivalent Down syndrome risk per pregnancy relative to maternal age - matched singletons and dizygotic pregnancies have twice the risk of at least one affected fetus. Zygosity for affected cases was presumed to be monozygotic with Down syndrome concordance and dizygotic with Down syndrome discordance. Counts were compared using cumulative Poisson distributions. Of 77,279 twin pregnancies, 182 (0.2%) had at least one fetus with Down syndrome confirmed by karyotype. The ratio of observed -to-expected Down syndrome incidence per pregnancy was 33.6%, 75.2%, and 70.0% for monozygotic, dizygotic, and all twins, respectively (P<.001 for all comparisons). Considering maternal age subgroups and twin zygosity, a significantly lower -than-expected Down syndrome incidence was seen for women aged 25 to 45 years with monozygotic pregnancies and overall for women aged 25 to 45 years with dizygotic pregnancies. The observed incidence of Down syndrome in twin pregnancies is lower than expected, most notably for monozygotic pregnancies and with increasing maternal age. Risk-based counseling can strongly affect women's choices regarding testing and management during pregnancy, so an understanding of the true Down syndrome risk in twin gestations is crucial.
27741202	0	8	Observed	T169	C1441672
27741202	9	13	Rate	T081	C1521828
27741202	17	30	Down Syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	34	50	Twin Pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27741202	54	62	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27741202	67	75	observed	T169	C1441672
27741202	76	85	incidence	T081	C0021149
27741202	89	102	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	106	111	twins	T099	C0041427
27741202	112	120	compared	T052	C1707455
27741202	149	161	maternal age	T079	C0024915
27741202	164	171	matched	T080	C1708943
27741202	172	182	singletons	T099	C1313913
27741202	205	213	clinical	T080	C0205210
27741202	214	222	approach	T082	C0449445
27741202	235	255	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
27741202	259	269	California	T083	C0006754
27741202	270	278	Prenatal	T100	C0678804
27741202	279	288	Screening	T058	C1710032
27741202	289	296	Program	T169	C3484370
27741202	297	309	participants	T098	C0679646
27741202	315	338	expected delivery dates	T033	C2825543
27741202	347	351	July	T080	C3829447
27741202	361	369	December	T080	C3830550
27741202	376	381	Cases	T096	C0681850
27741202	382	391	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27741202	392	402	prenatally	T100	C0678804
27741202	406	417	postnatally	T079	C0443281
27741202	425	432	genetic	T169	C0314603
27741202	433	442	imbalance	T184	C1397014
27741202	454	464	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27741202	465	478	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	480	490	trisomy 21	T049	C3537167
27741202	492	509	mosaic trisomy 21	T049	C2931324
27741202	514	528	translocations	T049	C0040715
27741202	545	556	Pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27741202	557	566	conceived	T169	C0232908
27741202	572	585	ovum donation	T061	C0242812
27741202	590	595	women	T098	C0043210
27741202	610	615	years	T079	C0439234
27741202	634	642	compared	T052	C1707455
27741202	647	655	observed	T169	C1441672
27741202	656	669	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	670	679	incidence	T081	C0021149
27741202	684	693	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27741202	698	703	twins	T099	C0041427
27741202	718	727	incidence	T081	C0021149
27741202	750	759	singleton	T099	C1313913
27741202	760	764	data	T078	C1511726
27741202	769	786	expected zygosity	T169	C1710709
27741202	797	804	current	T079	C0521116
27741202	805	813	clinical	T080	C0205210
27741202	814	822	approach	T082	C0449445
27741202	856	879	monozygotic pregnancies	T033	C4075927
27741202	896	909	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	910	914	risk	T078	C0035647
27741202	919	928	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27741202	929	937	relative	T080	C0205345
27741202	941	953	maternal age	T079	C0024915
27741202	956	963	matched	T080	C1708943
27741202	964	974	singletons	T099	C1313913
27741202	979	1000	dizygotic pregnancies	T033	C4075956
27741202	1006	1011	twice	T081	C1948050
27741202	1016	1020	risk	T078	C0035647
27741202	1037	1045	affected	T169	C0392760
27741202	1046	1051	fetus	T018	C0015965
27741202	1053	1061	Zygosity	T169	C1710709
27741202	1066	1074	affected	T169	C0392760
27741202	1075	1080	cases	T096	C0681850
27741202	1100	1111	monozygotic	T099	C0041432
27741202	1117	1130	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	1147	1156	dizygotic	T099	C0041429
27741202	1162	1175	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	1189	1195	Counts	T081	C0439157
27741202	1201	1209	compared	T052	C1707455
27741202	1216	1248	cumulative Poisson distributions	T081	C0032347
27741202	1260	1276	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27741202	1306	1311	fetus	T018	C0015965
27741202	1317	1330	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	1331	1343	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27741202	1344	1353	karyotype	T059	C1261273
27741202	1359	1364	ratio	T081	C0456603
27741202	1368	1376	observed	T169	C1441672
27741202	1390	1403	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	1404	1413	incidence	T081	C0021149
27741202	1418	1427	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27741202	1460	1471	monozygotic	T099	C0041432
27741202	1473	1482	dizygotic	T099	C0041429
27741202	1492	1497	twins	T099	C0041427
27741202	1528	1539	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27741202	1554	1566	maternal age	T079	C0024915
27741202	1581	1594	twin zygosity	T169	C1710709
27741202	1598	1617	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27741202	1633	1646	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	1647	1656	incidence	T081	C0021149
27741202	1670	1675	women	T098	C0043210
27741202	1676	1680	aged	T032	C0001779
27741202	1690	1695	years	T079	C0439234
27741202	1701	1724	monozygotic pregnancies	T033	C4075927
27741202	1741	1746	women	T098	C0043210
27741202	1747	1751	aged	T032	C0001779
27741202	1761	1766	years	T079	C0439234
27741202	1772	1793	dizygotic pregnancies	T033	C4075956
27741202	1799	1807	observed	T169	C1441672
27741202	1808	1817	incidence	T081	C0021149
27741202	1821	1834	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	1838	1854	twin pregnancies	T033	C0152150
27741202	1896	1919	monozygotic pregnancies	T033	C4075927
27741202	1929	1939	increasing	T169	C0442808
27741202	1940	1952	maternal age	T079	C0024915
27741202	1954	1964	Risk-based	T058	C0035649
27741202	1965	1975	counseling	T058	C0010210
27741202	1996	2003	women's	T098	C0043210
27741202	2022	2029	testing	T169	C0039593
27741202	2034	2044	management	T169	C0205245
27741202	2052	2061	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27741202	2095	2108	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
27741202	2109	2113	risk	T078	C0035647
27741202	2117	2132	twin gestations	T033	C0744386

27741956|t|Can performance-based incentives improve motivation of nurses and midwives in primary facilities in northern Ghana? A quasi-experimental study
27741956|a|Lack of an adequate and well-performing health workforce has emerged as the biggest barrier to scaling up health services provision in sub-Saharan Africa. As the global community commits to the Sustainable Development Goals and universal health coverage, health workforce challenges are critical. In northern Ghana, performance-based incentives (PBIs) were introduced to improve health worker motivation and service quality. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of PBIs on maternal health worker motivation in two districts in northern Ghana. A quasi-experimental study design with pre- and post-intervention measurement was used. PBIs were implemented for 2 years in six health facilities in Kassena-Nankana District with six health facilities in Builsa District serving as comparison sites. Fifty pre- and post-intervention structured interviews and 66 post-intervention in-depth interviews were conducted with health workers. Motivation was assessed using constructs for job satisfaction, pride, intrinsic motivation, timelines / attendance, and organisational commitment. Quantitative data were analysed to determine changes in motivation between intervention and comparison facilities pre- and post-intervention using STATA™ version 13. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using NVivo 10 to explore possible reasons for quantitative findings. PBIs were associated with slightly improved maternal health worker motivation. Mean values for overall motivation between intervention and comparison health workers were 0.6 versus 0.7 at baseline and 0.8 versus 0.7 at end line, respectively. Differences at baseline and end line were 0.1 (p=0.40 and p=0.50 respectively), with an overall 0.01 difference in difference (p=0.90). Qualitative interviews indicated that PBIs encouraged health workers to work harder and be more punctual, increasing reported pride and job satisfaction. The results contribute evidence on the effects of PBIs on motivational constructs among maternal health workers in primary care facilities in northern Ghana. PBIs appeared to improve motivation, but not dramatically, and the long-term and unintended effects of their introduction require additional study.
27741956	4	32	performance-based incentives	T080	C0021147
27741956	41	51	motivation	T041	C0026605
27741956	55	61	nurses	T097	C0028661
27741956	66	74	midwives	T097	C0026083
27741956	78	96	primary facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27741956	100	114	northern Ghana	T083	C0017516
27741956	118	142	quasi-experimental study	T062	C2985410
27741956	143	147	Lack	T080	C0332268
27741956	154	162	adequate	T080	C0205411
27741956	183	199	health workforce	T081	C0018721
27741956	249	264	health services	T058	C0018747
27741956	265	274	provision	T058	C1283218
27741956	278	296	sub-Saharan Africa	T083	C0001738
27741956	312	321	community	T096	C0009462
27741956	337	360	Sustainable Development	T070	C0282113
27741956	361	366	Goals	T170	C0018017
27741956	371	380	universal	T080	C0175671
27741956	381	396	health coverage	T078	C0018684
27741956	398	414	health workforce	T081	C0018721
27741956	415	425	challenges	T082	C0557737
27741956	443	457	northern Ghana	T083	C0017516
27741956	459	487	performance-based incentives	T080	C0021147
27741956	489	493	PBIs	T080	C0021147
27741956	522	535	health worker	T097	C0018724
27741956	536	546	motivation	T041	C0026605
27741956	551	566	service quality	T080	C0871201
27741956	572	576	goal	T170	C0018017
27741956	585	590	study	T062	C2603343
27741956	612	618	impact	T080	C4049986
27741956	622	626	PBIs	T080	C0021147
27741956	630	638	maternal	T033	C1858460
27741956	639	652	health worker	T097	C0018724
27741956	653	663	motivation	T041	C0026605
27741956	684	698	northern Ghana	T083	C0017516
27741956	702	726	quasi-experimental study	T062	C2985410
27741956	739	743	pre-	T079	C1254367
27741956	748	765	post-intervention	T079	C1254367
27741956	766	777	measurement	T169	C0242485
27741956	788	792	PBIs	T080	C0021147
27741956	816	821	years	T079	C0439234
27741956	829	846	health facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27741956	850	874	Kassena-Nankana District	T083	C0017446
27741956	884	901	health facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27741956	905	920	Builsa District	T083	C0017446
27741956	956	960	pre-	T079	C1254367
27741956	965	982	post-intervention	T079	C1254367
27741956	994	1004	interviews	T052	C0021822
27741956	1012	1029	post-intervention	T079	C1254367
27741956	1039	1049	interviews	T052	C0021822
27741956	1070	1084	health workers	T097	C0018724
27741956	1086	1096	Motivation	T041	C0026605
27741956	1131	1147	job satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27741956	1149	1154	pride	T041	C0683296
27741956	1156	1176	intrinsic motivation	T041	C0392350
27741956	1178	1187	timelines	T170	C1705821
27741956	1190	1200	attendance	T052	C2827364
27741956	1221	1231	commitment	T041	C0870312
27741956	1233	1250	Quantitative data	T078	C1511726
27741956	1256	1264	analysed	T062	C0936012
27741956	1289	1299	motivation	T041	C0026605
27741956	1347	1351	pre-	T079	C1254367
27741956	1356	1373	post-intervention	T079	C1254367
27741956	1380	1397	STATA™ version 13	T170	C0282574
27741956	1399	1415	Qualitative data	T078	C1511726
27741956	1421	1429	analysed	T062	C0936012
27741956	1449	1457	NVivo 10	T170	C0282574
27741956	1513	1517	PBIs	T080	C0021147
27741956	1557	1565	maternal	T033	C1858460
27741956	1566	1579	health worker	T097	C0018724
27741956	1580	1590	motivation	T041	C0026605
27741956	1592	1603	Mean values	T081	C0444504
27741956	1616	1626	motivation	T041	C0026605
27741956	1663	1677	health workers	T097	C0018724
27741956	1701	1709	baseline	T081	C1442488
27741956	1732	1740	end line	T169	C3853530
27741956	1771	1779	baseline	T081	C1442488
27741956	1784	1792	end line	T169	C3853530
27741956	1904	1914	interviews	T052	C0021822
27741956	1930	1934	PBIs	T080	C0021147
27741956	1946	1960	health workers	T097	C0018724
27741956	1964	1968	work	T057	C0043227
27741956	1988	1996	punctual	T033	C1830662
27741956	2018	2023	pride	T041	C0683296
27741956	2028	2044	job satisfaction	T041	C0022397
27741956	2085	2095	effects of	T080	C1704420
27741956	2096	2100	PBIs	T080	C0021147
27741956	2104	2127	motivational constructs	T041	C0026605
27741956	2143	2157	health workers	T097	C0018724
27741956	2161	2184	primary care facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27741956	2188	2202	northern Ghana	T083	C0017516
27741956	2204	2208	PBIs	T080	C0021147
27741956	2229	2239	motivation	T041	C0026605
27741956	2271	2280	long-term	T067	C0023983
27741956	2285	2303	unintended effects	T169	C1283932
27741956	2345	2350	study	T062	C2603343

27742121|t|The association between antidepressant use and hemoglobin A1C in older adults
27742121|a|Depression is known to increase diabetes risk and worsen glycemic control in older adults, who already experience high rates of diabetes. The independent impact of antidepressants on glucose control is less clear. Data was drawn from the Health and Retirement Study, a large nationally - representative longitudinal study of retired individuals. Crude and adjusted linear models stratified by diabetes status were used to examine the cross-sectional associations between antidepressant use categorized by subclass and continuous hemoglobin A1C. The sample included 1,153 individuals, most over the age of 70. Antidepressant use was not associated with hemoglobin A1C in any model whether stratified or in the total combined sample. Antidepressants as a class were also not associated with hemoglobin A1C. These findings add to the literature suggesting that antidepressants are not associated with diabetes risk or glycemic control. Prospective studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this finding.
27742121	4	15	association	T080	C0439849
27742121	24	38	antidepressant	T121	C0003289
27742121	39	42	use	T169	C0457083
27742121	47	61	hemoglobin A1C	T116,T123	C0019018
27742121	65	77	older adults	T098	C0001792
27742121	78	88	Depression	T048	C0011570
27742121	110	123	diabetes risk	T081	C1171304
27742121	128	151	worsen glycemic control	T046	C0342299
27742121	155	167	older adults	T098	C0001792
27742121	197	202	rates	T081	C1521828
27742121	206	214	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27742121	220	231	independent	T078	C0085862
27742121	232	238	impact	T080	C4049986
27742121	242	257	antidepressants	T121	C0003289
27742121	261	276	glucose control	T061	C3267174
27742121	292	296	Data	T078	C1511726
27742121	316	343	Health and Retirement Study	T081	C0086569
27742121	353	363	nationally	T092	C1555720
27742121	366	380	representative	T052	C1882932
27742121	381	399	longitudinal study	T081	C0086569
27742121	403	422	retired individuals	T097	C4076599
27742121	424	429	Crude	T080	C1709843
27742121	434	442	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27742121	443	456	linear models	T081	C0023732
27742121	457	467	stratified	T080	C0205363
27742121	471	486	diabetes status	T033	C1317301
27742121	512	540	cross-sectional associations	T062	C0010362
27742121	549	563	antidepressant	T121	C0003289
27742121	564	567	use	T169	C0457083
27742121	596	606	continuous	T078	C0549178
27742121	607	621	hemoglobin A1C	T116,T123	C0019018
27742121	649	660	individuals	T098	C0027361
27742121	676	679	age	T032	C0001779
27742121	687	701	Antidepressant	T121	C0003289
27742121	702	705	use	T169	C0457083
27742121	710	713	not	T033	C1513916
27742121	714	729	associated with	T080	C0332281
27742121	730	744	hemoglobin A1C	T116,T123	C0019018
27742121	752	757	model	T170	C3161035
27742121	766	776	stratified	T080	C0205363
27742121	793	801	combined	T080	C0205195
27742121	810	825	Antidepressants	T121	C0003289
27742121	847	850	not	T033	C1513916
27742121	851	866	associated with	T080	C0332281
27742121	867	881	hemoglobin A1C	T116,T123	C0019018
27742121	889	897	findings	T033	C0243095
27742121	936	951	antidepressants	T121	C0003289
27742121	956	959	not	T033	C1513916
27742121	960	975	associated with	T080	C0332281
27742121	976	989	diabetes risk	T081	C1171304
27742121	993	1009	glycemic control	T061	C3267174
27742121	1011	1030	Prospective studies	T062	C0033522
27742121	1043	1055	sample sizes	T081	C0242618
27742121	1083	1090	finding	T033	C0243095

27742195|t|Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity -related kidney disease: a novel therapeutic target
27742195|a|Lipid accumulation in renal cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity -related kidney disease, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Szeto et al. now unravel a central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in a high fat diet -induced glomerulopathy and proximal tubular injury. Moreover, they demonstrate the renoprotective effect of SS31, a mitochondria - targeted antioxidant, in related models. Targeting mitochondria may offer a novel strategy for the therapy of obesity -related kidney disease.
27742195	0	25	Mitochondrial dysfunction	T033	C4021734
27742195	29	36	obesity	T047	C0028754
27742195	46	60	kidney disease	T047	C0022658
27742195	64	69	novel	T080	C0205314
27742195	70	81	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27742195	82	88	target	T169	C1521840
27742195	89	107	Lipid accumulation	T033	C0333574
27742195	111	116	renal	T023	C0022646
27742195	117	122	cells	T025	C0007634
27742195	150	162	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27742195	166	173	obesity	T047	C0028754
27742195	183	197	kidney disease	T047	C0022658
27742195	218	227	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27742195	293	318	mitochondrial dysfunction	T033	C4021734
27742195	324	337	high fat diet	T061	C0521974
27742195	347	361	glomerulopathy	T047	C0268731
27742195	366	382	proximal tubular	T023	C0022677
27742195	383	389	injury	T037	C3263722
27742195	422	443	renoprotective effect	T033	C0243095
27742195	447	451	SS31	T116,T123	C1667754
27742195	455	467	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27742195	470	478	targeted	T169	C1521840
27742195	479	490	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27742195	503	509	models	T075	C0026336
27742195	511	520	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27742195	521	533	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27742195	546	551	novel	T080	C0205314
27742195	569	576	therapy	T061	C0087111
27742195	580	587	obesity	T047	C0028754
27742195	597	611	kidney disease	T047	C0022658

27742350|t|Modeling nurse-patient assignments considering patient acuity and travel distance metrics
27742350|a|Balancing workload among nurses on a hospital unit is important for the satisfaction and safety of nurses and patients. To balance nurse workloads, direct patient care activities, indirect patient care activities, and non-patient care activities that occur throughout a shift must be considered. The layout of a hospital unit and the location of a nurse's assigned patients relative to other resources on the unit are also important factors in achieving workload balance. In most hospitals, a unit charge nurse is responsible for the shift assignment of patients to nurses based on experience and past practices. The nurse-patient assignment process is also often a manual process in which the charge nurse must sort through multiple decision criteria in a limited amount of time. In this paper, a methodology for the construction of balanced nurse-patient workload assignments is proposed. Through the illustration of this methodology new scoring metrics are developed using measures currently available on, or from, the hospital unit. It was demonstrated that the complex scheduling problem can be captured. While the methodology was illustrated for a scheduling problem commonly encountered on a hospital unit, the approach can be adapted to other workforce scheduling problems in which measures of workload are required and composed of elements imposed by the work environment, variability within the required tasks, and a measurable perception of the relative intensity of the work elements.
27742350	0	8	Modeling	T062	C0870071
27742350	9	34	nurse-patient assignments	T057	C0578393
27742350	47	61	patient acuity	T080	C3494263
27742350	66	72	travel	T056	C0040802
27742350	73	81	distance	T081	C0012751
27742350	82	89	metrics	T169	C0242485
27742350	90	99	Balancing	T169	C0205415
27742350	100	108	workload	T081	C0085122
27742350	115	121	nurses	T097	C0028661
27742350	127	140	hospital unit	T073,T093	C0019988
27742350	162	174	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27742350	179	185	safety	T068	C0036043
27742350	189	195	nurses	T097	C0028661
27742350	200	208	patients	T101	C0030705
27742350	213	220	balance	T169	C0205415
27742350	221	226	nurse	T097	C0028661
27742350	227	236	workloads	T081	C0085122
27742350	238	244	direct	T080	C1947931
27742350	245	268	patient care activities	T058	C0017313
27742350	270	278	indirect	T080	C0439852
27742350	279	302	patient care activities	T058	C0017313
27742350	308	335	non-patient care activities	T058	C1254363
27742350	360	365	shift	T169	C0333051
27742350	402	415	hospital unit	T073,T093	C0019988
27742350	424	432	location	T082	C0450429
27742350	438	445	nurse's	T097	C0028661
27742350	446	454	assigned	T169	C1516050
27742350	455	463	patients	T101	C0030705
27742350	464	472	relative	T080	C0205345
27742350	482	491	resources	T078	C0035201
27742350	499	503	unit	T073,T093	C0019988
27742350	513	530	important factors	T169	C1521761
27742350	534	543	achieving	T033	C1272277
27742350	544	552	workload	T081	C0085122
27742350	553	560	balance	T169	C0205415
27742350	570	579	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27742350	595	600	nurse	T097	C0028661
27742350	604	615	responsible	T033	C1273518
27742350	624	629	shift	T169	C0333051
27742350	630	640	assignment	T169	C1516050
27742350	644	652	patients	T101	C0030705
27742350	656	662	nurses	T097	C0028661
27742350	672	682	experience	T041	C0596545
27742350	687	701	past practices	T041	C0237607
27742350	707	731	nurse-patient assignment	T057	C0578393
27742350	732	739	process	T067	C1522240
27742350	756	770	manual process	T067	C1522240
27742350	791	796	nurse	T097	C0028661
27742350	802	806	sort	T052	C1947906
27742350	815	841	multiple decision criteria	T078	C0243161
27742350	865	869	time	T079	C0040223
27742350	888	899	methodology	T078	C3266812
27742350	924	932	balanced	T169	C0205415
27742350	933	967	nurse-patient workload assignments	T057	C0578393
27742350	971	979	proposed	T080	C1553874
27742350	1014	1025	methodology	T078	C3266812
27742350	1030	1037	scoring	T081	C0449820
27742350	1038	1045	metrics	T169	C0242485
27742350	1050	1059	developed	T169	C1527148
27742350	1066	1074	measures	T081	C0079809
27742350	1085	1094	available	T169	C0470187
27742350	1112	1125	hospital unit	T073,T093	C0019988
27742350	1134	1146	demonstrated	T169	C0205245
27742350	1156	1174	complex scheduling	T080	C0205539
27742350	1175	1182	problem	T033	C0033213
27742350	1210	1221	methodology	T078	C3266812
27742350	1244	1254	scheduling	T080	C0205539
27742350	1255	1262	problem	T033	C0033213
27742350	1289	1302	hospital unit	T073,T093	C0019988
27742350	1308	1316	approach	T082	C0449445
27742350	1341	1350	workforce	T169	C0024752
27742350	1351	1361	scheduling	T080	C0205539
27742350	1362	1370	problems	T033	C0033213
27742350	1380	1388	measures	T081	C0079809
27742350	1392	1400	workload	T081	C0085122
27742350	1405	1413	required	T169	C1514873
27742350	1430	1438	elements	T077	C1254372
27742350	1454	1470	work environment	T082	C0162579
27742350	1472	1483	variability	T077	C2827666
27742350	1495	1503	required	T169	C1514873
27742350	1504	1509	tasks	T057	C3540678
27742350	1517	1527	measurable	T169	C1513040
27742350	1528	1538	perception	T041	C0030971
27742350	1546	1554	relative	T080	C0205345
27742350	1555	1564	intensity	T080	C0522510
27742350	1572	1585	work elements	T077	C1254372

27742373|t|Scutellarin attenuates vasospasm through the Erk5 - KLF2 - eNOS pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats
27742373|a|Angiographic vasospasm, especially in the early phases (<72h) of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is one of the major complications after an aneurysm rupture and is often the cause of delayed neurological deterioration. Scutellarin (SCU), a flavonoid extracted from the traditional Chinese herb Erigeron breviscapus, has been widely accepted as an antioxidant, but the effect of SCU on vasospasm after SAH remains elusive. Endovascular perforation was conducted to induce SAH in Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, the underlying mechanism of the anti-vasospasm effect of SCU was investigated using a modified Garcia scale, India ink angiography, cross-sectional area analysis, immunohistochemistry staining and western blot. SCU (50μM, 100mg/kg) alleviated angiographic vasospasm and improved neurological function 48h after SAH and enhanced the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at the intima of cerebral arteries. In addition, SCU upregulated the expression of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase 5 (p-Erk5) and Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) at 48h after SAH. However, the effects of SCU were reversed by the Erk5 inhibitor XMD8-92. Our results indicate that SCU could attenuate vasospasm and neurological deficits via modulating the Erk5 - KLF2 - eNOS pathway after SAH, which may provide an experimental basis for the clinical use of SCU treatment in SAH patients.
27742373	0	11	Scutellarin	T109	C0141783
27742373	23	32	vasospasm	T046	C0085616
27742373	45	49	Erk5	T116,T126	C0380568
27742373	52	56	KLF2	T116,T123	C1451409
27742373	59	63	eNOS	T116,T126	C1565682
27742373	64	71	pathway	T044	C0037080
27742373	78	101	subarachnoid hemorrhage	T047	C0038525
27742373	105	109	rats	T015	C0034715
27742373	110	122	Angiographic	T060	C0007767
27742373	123	132	vasospasm	T046	C0085616
27742373	175	198	subarachnoid hemorrhage	T047	C0038525
27742373	200	203	SAH	T047	C0038525
27742373	249	265	aneurysm rupture	T047	C0162869
27742373	292	326	delayed neurological deterioration	T184	C1536136
27742373	328	339	Scutellarin	T109	C0141783
27742373	341	344	SCU	T109	C0141783
27742373	349	358	flavonoid	T109	C0596577
27742373	390	402	Chinese herb	T121	C1134558
27742373	403	423	Erigeron breviscapus	T002	C1493752
27742373	456	467	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27742373	487	490	SCU	T109	C0141783
27742373	494	503	vasospasm	T046	C0085616
27742373	510	513	SAH	T047	C0038525
27742373	531	543	Endovascular	T029	C0524425
27742373	544	555	perforation	T033	C0549099
27742373	580	583	SAH	T047	C0038525
27742373	587	606	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
27742373	646	667	anti-vasospasm effect	T033	C0243095
27742373	671	674	SCU	T109	C0141783
27742373	723	744	India ink angiography	T060	C0007767
27742373	746	775	cross-sectional area analysis	T081	C0003745
27742373	777	806	immunohistochemistry staining	T060	C0021044
27742373	811	823	western blot	T059	C0949466
27742373	825	828	SCU	T109	C0141783
27742373	846	856	alleviated	T080	C0392756
27742373	857	869	angiographic	T060	C0007767
27742373	870	879	vasospasm	T046	C0085616
27742373	893	914	neurological function	T042	C0027767
27742373	925	928	SAH	T047	C0038525
27742373	960	993	endothelial nitric oxide synthase	T116,T126	C1565682
27742373	995	999	eNOS	T116,T126	C1565682
27742373	1008	1014	intima	T024	C1256463
27742373	1018	1035	cerebral arteries	T023	C0007770
27742373	1050	1053	SCU	T109	C0141783
27742373	1054	1065	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27742373	1084	1131	phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase 5	T116,T126	C0380568
27742373	1133	1139	p-Erk5	T116,T126	C0380568
27742373	1145	1166	Kruppel-like factor 2	T116,T123	C1451409
27742373	1168	1172	KLF2	T116,T123	C1451409
27742373	1187	1190	SAH	T047	C0038525
27742373	1216	1219	SCU	T109	C0141783
27742373	1256	1263	XMD8-92	T109,T121	C3252765
27742373	1291	1294	SCU	T109	C0141783
27742373	1311	1320	vasospasm	T046	C0085616
27742373	1325	1346	neurological deficits	T033	C0521654
27742373	1366	1370	Erk5	T116,T126	C0380568
27742373	1373	1377	KLF2	T116,T123	C1451409
27742373	1380	1384	eNOS	T116,T126	C1565682
27742373	1385	1392	pathway	T044	C0037080
27742373	1399	1402	SAH	T047	C0038525
27742373	1468	1471	SCU	T109	C0141783
27742373	1472	1481	treatment	T061	C0087111
27742373	1485	1488	SAH	T047	C0038525
27742373	1489	1497	patients	T101	C0030705

27742630|t|Predicting frequent hospital admission risk in Singapore: a retrospective cohort study to investigate the impact of comorbidities, acute illness burden and social determinants of health
27742630|a|To evaluate the impact of comorbidities, acute illness burden and social determinants of health on predicting the risk of frequent hospital admissions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to associate the predictive variables extracted from electronic health records and frequent hospital admission risk. The model's performance of our predictive model was evaluated using a 10-fold cross-validation. A single tertiary hospital in Singapore. All adult patients admitted to the hospital between 1 January 2013 and 31 May 2014 (n=25 244). Frequent hospital admissions, defined as 3 or more inpatient admissions within 12 months of discharge. Ar ea under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the predictive model, and the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values for various cut-offs. 4322 patients (17.1%) met the primary outcome. 11 variables were observed as significant predictors and included in the final regression model. The strongest independent predictor was treatment with antidepressants in the past 1 year (adjusted OR 2.51, 95% CI 2.26 to 2.78). Other notable predictors include requiring dialysis and treatment with intravenous furosemide during the index admission. The predictive model achieved an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.85) for predicting frequent hospital admission risk, with a sensitivity of 73.9% (95% CI 72.6% to 75.2%), specificity of 79.1% (78.5% to 79.6%) and positive predictive value of 42.2% (95% CI 41.1% to 43.3%) at the cut-off of 0.235. We have identified several predictors for assessing the risk of frequent hospital admissions that achieved high discriminative model performance. Further research is necessary using an external validation cohort.
27742630	0	10	Predicting	T078	C0681842
27742630	11	19	frequent	T079	C0332183
27742630	20	38	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
27742630	39	43	risk	T078	C0035647
27742630	47	56	Singapore	T083	C0037173
27742630	60	86	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
27742630	106	112	impact	T080	C4049986
27742630	116	129	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27742630	131	144	acute illness	T046	C4061114
27742630	137	151	illness burden	T081	C0162698
27742630	156	185	social determinants of health	T058	C3658315
27742630	202	208	impact	T080	C4049986
27742630	212	225	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27742630	227	240	acute illness	T046	C4061114
27742630	233	247	illness burden	T081	C0162698
27742630	252	281	social determinants of health	T058	C3658315
27742630	285	295	predicting	T078	C0681842
27742630	300	304	risk	T078	C0035647
27742630	308	316	frequent	T079	C0332183
27742630	317	336	hospital admissions	T058	C0184666
27742630	338	371	Multivariable logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27742630	398	418	predictive variables	T170	C0683956
27742630	434	459	electronic health records	T170	C2362543
27742630	464	472	frequent	T079	C0332183
27742630	473	491	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
27742630	492	496	risk	T078	C0035647
27742630	502	509	model's	T170	C0086272
27742630	510	521	performance	T052	C1882330
27742630	529	545	predictive model	T170	C0086272
27742630	576	592	cross-validation	T062	C0681935
27742630	603	620	tertiary hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
27742630	624	633	Singapore	T083	C0037173
27742630	639	644	adult	T100	C0001675
27742630	645	653	patients	T101	C0030705
27742630	670	678	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27742630	730	738	Frequent	T079	C0332183
27742630	739	758	hospital admissions	T058	C0184666
27742630	781	801	inpatient admissions	T058	C0030673
27742630	822	831	discharge	T058	C0030685
27742630	836	888	ea under the receiver operating characteristic curve	T081	C0376690
27742630	890	893	AUC	T081	C0376690
27742630	902	918	predictive model	T170	C0086272
27742630	928	939	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27742630	941	952	specificity	T081	C0037791
27742630	957	983	positive predictive values	T081	C1514243
27742630	1011	1019	patients	T101	C0030705
27742630	1036	1051	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
27742630	1056	1065	variables	T080	C0439828
27742630	1095	1105	predictors	T078	C2698872
27742630	1164	1175	independent	T169	C0870693
27742630	1176	1185	predictor	T078	C2698872
27742630	1190	1199	treatment	T061	C0087111
27742630	1205	1220	antidepressants	T121	C0003289
27742630	1250	1252	OR	T081	C0028873
27742630	1263	1265	CI	T081	C0009667
27742630	1295	1305	predictors	T078	C2698872
27742630	1324	1332	dialysis	T061	C0011946
27742630	1337	1346	treatment	T061	C0087111
27742630	1352	1363	intravenous	T082	C0348016
27742630	1364	1374	furosemide	T109,T121	C0016860
27742630	1407	1423	predictive model	T170	C0086272
27742630	1436	1439	AUC	T081	C0376690
27742630	1453	1455	CI	T081	C0009667
27742630	1474	1484	predicting	T078	C0681842
27742630	1485	1493	frequent	T079	C0332183
27742630	1494	1512	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
27742630	1513	1517	risk	T078	C0035647
27742630	1526	1537	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27742630	1552	1554	CI	T081	C0009667
27742630	1572	1583	specificity	T081	C0037791
27742630	1614	1639	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
27742630	1654	1656	CI	T081	C0009667
27742630	1725	1735	predictors	T078	C2698872
27742630	1740	1758	assessing the risk	T058	C0086930
27742630	1762	1770	frequent	T079	C0332183
27742630	1771	1790	hospital admissions	T058	C0184666
27742630	1825	1830	model	T170	C0086272
27742630	1831	1842	performance	T052	C1882330
27742630	1903	1909	cohort	T098	C0599755

27742821|t|HieranoiDB: a database of orthologs inferred by Hieranoid
27742821|a|HieranoiDB (http://hieranoiDB.sbc.su.se) is a freely available on-line database for hierarchical groups of orthologs inferred by the Hieranoid algorithm. It infers orthologs at each node in a species guide tree with the InParanoid algorithm as it progresses from the leaves to the root. Here we present a database HieranoiDB with a web interface that makes it easy to search and visualize the output of Hieranoid, and to download it in various formats. Searching can be performed using protein description, identifier or sequence. In this first version, orthologs are available for the 66 Quest for Orthologs reference proteomes. The ortholog trees are shown graphically and interactively with marked speciation and duplication nodes that show the inferred evolutionary scenario, and allow for correct extraction of predicted orthologs from the Hieranoid trees.
27742821	0	10	HieranoiDB	T170	C0950132
27742821	26	35	orthologs	T028	C1335144
27742821	48	57	Hieranoid	T170	C0950132
27742821	58	68	HieranoiDB	T170	C0950132
27742821	121	137	on-line database	T170	C3841595
27742821	142	154	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
27742821	165	174	orthologs	T028	C1335144
27742821	191	210	Hieranoid algorithm	T170	C0002045
27742821	222	231	orthologs	T028	C1335144
27742821	240	244	node	T077	C2697524
27742821	258	268	guide tree	T170	C0282574
27742821	278	298	InParanoid algorithm	T170	C0002045
27742821	339	343	root	T078	C1705917
27742821	363	382	database HieranoiDB	T170	C0950132
27742821	461	470	Hieranoid	T170	C0950132
27742821	544	551	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27742821	552	563	description	T170	C0678257
27742821	565	575	identifier	T170	C0600091
27742821	579	587	sequence	T087	C0002518
27742821	612	621	orthologs	T028	C1335144
27742821	647	652	Quest	T078	C0750565
27742821	657	666	Orthologs	T028	C1335144
27742821	677	686	proteomes	T116,T123	C0751973
27742821	692	700	ortholog	T028	C1335144
27742821	701	706	trees	T169	C0699032
27742821	717	728	graphically	T170	C0870616
27742821	733	746	interactively	T169	C1704675
27742821	759	769	speciation	T070	C1563692
27742821	774	785	duplication	T045	C0017261
27742821	786	791	nodes	T077	C2697524
27742821	815	836	evolutionary scenario	T045	C3825184
27742821	884	893	orthologs	T028	C1335144
27742821	903	918	Hieranoid trees	T170	C0950132

27743356|t|High-Throughput Analysis of the IgG N-Glycome by UPLC - FLR
27743356|a|As biological and clinical relevance of glycosylation is becoming more apparent, interest in large scale studies of the glycome is growing. Glycans attached to immunoglobulin G (IgG) were shown to be essential for its function and IgG glycosylation was shown to change with various processes, making IgG one of the most studied glycoproteins. Many approaches including liquid chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry were developed to study IgG glycosylation. Generation of high-quality glycomics data in a high-throughput fashion requires reproducible and robust sample preparation and accurate and reliable quantitative analysis. This chapter presents a protocol for an optimized and high-throughput IgG N-glycan release, fluorescent labeling and cleanup, and analysis of fluorescently labeled IgG N-glycans by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) on an ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system with fluorescence (FLR) detection.
27743356	0	24	High-Throughput Analysis	T060	C0872186
27743356	32	45	IgG N-Glycome	T116	C0208205
27743356	49	53	UPLC	T059	C0008565
27743356	56	59	FLR	T074	C0180919
27743356	63	73	biological	T080	C0205460
27743356	78	86	clinical	T080	C0205210
27743356	87	96	relevance	T080	C2347946
27743356	100	113	glycosylation	T070	C0017982
27743356	131	139	apparent	T078	C0750489
27743356	153	172	large scale studies	T062	C2603343
27743356	180	187	glycome	T109	C2348869
27743356	200	207	Glycans	T109,T121	C0032594
27743356	220	236	immunoglobulin G	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27743356	238	241	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27743356	260	269	essential	T080	C0205224
27743356	278	286	function	T039	C0031843
27743356	291	294	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27743356	295	308	glycosylation	T070	C0017982
27743356	322	328	change	T169	C0392747
27743356	342	351	processes	T067	C1522240
27743356	360	363	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27743356	388	401	glycoproteins	T116,T123	C0017968
27743356	408	418	approaches	T082	C0449445
27743356	429	450	liquid chromatography	T059	C0008565
27743356	452	481	capillary gel electrophoresis	T059	C0596607
27743356	487	504	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27743356	523	528	study	T062	C2603343
27743356	529	532	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27743356	533	546	glycosylation	T070	C0017982
27743356	548	558	Generation	T052	C3146294
27743356	562	574	high-quality	T080	C0205556
27743356	575	584	glycomics	T090	C1512223
27743356	585	589	data	T078	C1511726
27743356	595	610	high-throughput	T170	C0872047
27743356	628	640	reproducible	T081	C0035149
27743356	645	651	robust	T080	C2986815
27743356	652	670	sample preparation	T059	C3824791
27743356	675	683	accurate	T080	C0443131
27743356	697	718	quantitative analysis	UnknownType	C0681919
27743356	725	732	chapter	T078	C1552857
27743356	744	752	protocol	T170	C2348563
27743356	774	789	high-throughput	T170	C0872047
27743356	790	802	IgG N-glycan	T116	C0208205
27743356	803	810	release	T169	C1283071
27743356	812	832	fluorescent labeling	T059	C0022885
27743356	837	844	cleanup	T169	C0243114
27743356	850	858	analysis	T062	C0936012
27743356	862	883	fluorescently labeled	T080	C1708632
27743356	884	897	IgG N-glycans	T116	C0208205
27743356	901	946	hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography	T059	C0008565
27743356	948	953	HILIC	T059	C0008565
27743356	961	1000	ultra performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008565
27743356	1002	1006	UPLC	T059	C0008565
27743356	1020	1032	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27743356	1034	1037	FLR	T074	C0180919
27743356	1039	1048	detection	T061	C1511790

27743686|t|Effect of alpha lipoic acid on in vitro development of bovine secondary preantral follicles
27743686|a|The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) addition to the culture medium on the development of the bovine secondary preantral follicles. Bovine secondary preantral follicles were collected and divided into two groups depending on their size (80-100 μm and 100-110 μm). They were cultured in vitro for 15 days (D) using different media including at three different doses of ALA. The genes expression levels of follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit (FSHR), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), Activin, luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1, growth differentiation factor 9, BCL2-associated X protein (BAX), and C-Myc were studied using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression levels of FSHR, IGF-1, and BAX were measured using Western blot analysis. The results of the present work revealed that in vitro addition of ALA - induced significant increase in the growth and development of secondary preantral follicles throughout the culture period as compared to control. The FSHR, IGF-1, luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor, bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1, growth differentiation factor 9, and Activin A genes were upregulated in ALA - treated follicles as compared to the control. On contrary, preapoptotic genes BAX and C-Myc were downregulated in treated follicles compared to control ones. The protein levels of FSHR and IGF-1 were highly expressed in treated follicles compared to control; however, BAX protein was downregulated in the treated follicles groups. The addition of ALA to the culture medium enhances secondary preantral follicles development and growth.
27743686	0	9	Effect of	T080	C1704420
27743686	10	27	alpha lipoic acid	T109,T121,T127	C0023791
27743686	31	39	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27743686	40	51	development	T040	C0678723
27743686	55	61	bovine	T015	C3667982
27743686	62	91	secondary preantral follicles	T023	C0737234
27743686	104	109	study	T062	C2603343
27743686	119	127	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27743686	132	140	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27743686	141	150	effect of	T080	C1704420
27743686	151	168	alpha lipoic acid	T109,T121,T127	C0023791
27743686	170	173	ALA	T109,T121,T127	C0023791
27743686	191	205	culture medium	T130	C0010454
27743686	213	224	development	T040	C0678723
27743686	232	238	bovine	T015	C3667982
27743686	239	268	secondary preantral follicles	T023	C0737234
27743686	270	276	Bovine	T015	C3667982
27743686	277	306	secondary preantral follicles	T023	C0737234
27743686	312	321	collected	T169	C1516698
27743686	326	333	divided	T169	C0332849
27743686	343	349	groups	T078	C0441833
27743686	369	373	size	T082	C0456389
27743686	421	429	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27743686	462	467	media	T130	C0010454
27743686	497	502	doses	T081	C0178602
27743686	506	509	ALA	T109,T121,T127	C0023791
27743686	515	531	genes expression	T045	C0017262
27743686	532	538	levels	T080	C0441889
27743686	542	583	follicle-stimulating hormone beta-subunit	T028	C1414828
27743686	585	589	FSHR	T028	C1414828
27743686	592	618	insulin-like growth factor	T028	C1334089
27743686	620	625	IGF-1	T028	C1334089
27743686	628	635	Activin	T028	C0017337
27743686	637	684	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	T028	C1416843
27743686	686	729	bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA	T028	C1332430
27743686	731	773	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	T028	C1424583
27743686	775	806	growth differentiation factor 9	T028	C1333668
27743686	808	833	BCL2-associated X protein	T028	C0812198
27743686	835	838	BAX	T028	C0812198
27743686	845	850	C-Myc	T028	C0079068
27743686	870	905	real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1709846
27743686	911	929	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27743686	930	936	levels	T080	C0441889
27743686	940	944	FSHR	T116,T192	C0034806
27743686	946	951	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27743686	957	960	BAX	T116,T123	C0219474
27743686	981	1002	Western blot analysis	T059	C0949466
27743686	1008	1015	results	T034	C1254595
27743686	1050	1058	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27743686	1071	1074	ALA	T109,T121,T127	C0023791
27743686	1077	1084	induced	T169	C0205263
27743686	1085	1096	significant	T078	C0750502
27743686	1097	1119	increase in the growth	T042	C1155901
27743686	1124	1135	development	T040	C0678723
27743686	1139	1168	secondary preantral follicles	T023	C0737234
27743686	1184	1191	culture	T059	C0430400
27743686	1192	1198	period	T079	C1948053
27743686	1202	1210	compared	T052	C1707455
27743686	1214	1221	control	T096	C0009932
27743686	1227	1231	FSHR	T028	C1414828
27743686	1233	1238	IGF-1	T028	C1334089
27743686	1240	1287	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	T028	C1416843
27743686	1289	1332	bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA	T028	C1332430
27743686	1334	1376	transforming growth factor beta receptor 1	T028	C1424583
27743686	1378	1409	growth differentiation factor 9	T028	C1333668
27743686	1415	1430	Activin A genes	T028	C0017337
27743686	1436	1447	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27743686	1451	1454	ALA	T109,T121,T127	C0023791
27743686	1457	1464	treated	T169	C1522326
27743686	1465	1474	follicles	T023	C0737234
27743686	1478	1486	compared	T052	C1707455
27743686	1494	1501	control	T096	C0009932
27743686	1516	1534	preapoptotic genes	T028	C0017337
27743686	1535	1538	BAX	T028	C0812198
27743686	1543	1548	C-Myc	T028	C0079068
27743686	1554	1567	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27743686	1571	1578	treated	T169	C1522326
27743686	1579	1588	follicles	T023	C0737234
27743686	1589	1597	compared	T052	C1707455
27743686	1601	1608	control	T096	C0009932
27743686	1619	1633	protein levels	T034	C0428479
27743686	1637	1641	FSHR	T116,T192	C0034806
27743686	1646	1651	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
27743686	1664	1673	expressed	T045	C1171362
27743686	1677	1684	treated	T169	C1522326
27743686	1685	1694	follicles	T023	C0737234
27743686	1695	1703	compared	T052	C1707455
27743686	1707	1714	control	T096	C0009932
27743686	1725	1736	BAX protein	T116,T123	C0219474
27743686	1741	1754	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27743686	1762	1769	treated	T169	C1522326
27743686	1770	1779	follicles	T023	C0737234
27743686	1780	1786	groups	T078	C0441833
27743686	1804	1807	ALA	T109,T121,T127	C0023791
27743686	1815	1829	culture medium	T130	C0010454
27743686	1830	1838	enhances	T052	C2349975
27743686	1839	1868	secondary preantral follicles	T023	C0737234
27743686	1869	1880	development	T040	C0678723
27743686	1885	1891	growth	T042	C1155901

27743718|t|A Necrotizing Fasciitis Fake Out on Point-of-Care Ultrasound -Watch the Shadow
27743718|a|Point-of-care ultrasound has an increasing role in characterizing soft-tissue infections and has been described previously in the evaluation of necrotizing fasciitis (NF). The identification of air within the soft tissues can be very suggestive of NF in the correct clinical context. A 78-year-old male presented to the emergency department with extensive lower-extremity redness and edema. A point-of-care ultrasound revealed hyperechoic areas within the soft tissues consistent with air, and the patient was taken to surgery and found to have NF. A 60-year-old female presented to the emergency department with physical examination findings consistent with severe cellulitis and associated sepsis. A point-of-care ultrasound revealed hyperechoic areas within the soft tissue that were very similar to the prior case. An emergent surgical consultation was placed due to concern for soft-tissue air and NF. However, these hyperechoic areas were found to be subcutaneous calcifications on subsequent imaging. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Air within the soft tissue is easy to identify on point-of-care ultrasound and can expedite surgical evaluation in cases of suspected NF. Calcifications can mimic the appearance of air on ultrasound and the distinction between these objects can often be made based on the echotexture of the posterior acoustic shadow. Attention to the posterior acoustic shadow can facilitate correct identification of various structures and pathologies in a variety of clinical settings.
27743718	2	23	Necrotizing Fasciitis	T047	C0238124
27743718	36	49	Point-of-Care	T058	C0282664
27743718	50	60	Ultrasound	T074	C1875843
27743718	72	78	Shadow	T201	C1719833
27743718	79	92	Point-of-care	T058	C0282664
27743718	93	103	ultrasound	T074	C1875843
27743718	145	167	soft-tissue infections	T047	C0149778
27743718	209	219	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27743718	223	244	necrotizing fasciitis	T047	C0238124
27743718	246	248	NF	T047	C0238124
27743718	273	276	air	T167	C0001861
27743718	288	300	soft tissues	T024	C0225317
27743718	327	329	NF	T047	C0238124
27743718	377	381	male	T032	C0086582
27743718	399	419	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27743718	425	434	extensive	T080	C0205231
27743718	435	450	lower-extremity	T023	C0023216
27743718	451	458	redness	T033	C0332575
27743718	463	468	edema	T184	C0013604
27743718	472	485	point-of-care	T058	C0282664
27743718	486	496	ultrasound	T074	C1875843
27743718	506	523	hyperechoic areas	T082	C0205146
27743718	535	547	soft tissues	T024	C0225317
27743718	564	567	air	T167	C0001861
27743718	577	584	patient	T101	C0030705
27743718	598	605	surgery	T061	C0543467
27743718	624	626	NF	T047	C0238124
27743718	642	648	female	T032	C0086287
27743718	666	686	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27743718	692	712	physical examination	T058	C0031809
27743718	738	744	severe	T080	C0205082
27743718	745	755	cellulitis	T046	C0007642
27743718	760	777	associated sepsis	T047	C0243026
27743718	781	794	point-of-care	T058	C0282664
27743718	795	805	ultrasound	T074	C1875843
27743718	815	832	hyperechoic areas	T082	C0205146
27743718	844	855	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
27743718	910	931	surgical consultation	T058	C0086388
27743718	962	973	soft-tissue	T024	C0225317
27743718	974	977	air	T167	C0001861
27743718	982	984	NF	T047	C0238124
27743718	1001	1018	hyperechoic areas	T082	C0205146
27743718	1036	1063	subcutaneous calcifications	T047	C0263625
27743718	1078	1085	imaging	T060	C0079595
27743718	1140	1143	Air	T167	C0001861
27743718	1155	1166	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
27743718	1190	1203	point-of-care	T058	C0282664
27743718	1204	1214	ultrasound	T074	C1875843
27743718	1223	1231	expedite	T033	C4296983
27743718	1232	1240	surgical	T061	C0543467
27743718	1241	1251	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27743718	1274	1276	NF	T047	C0238124
27743718	1278	1292	Calcifications	T047	C0263625
27743718	1307	1317	appearance	T080	C0700364
27743718	1321	1324	air	T167	C0001861
27743718	1328	1338	ultrasound	T074	C1875843
27743718	1431	1440	posterior	T082	C0205095
27743718	1441	1456	acoustic shadow	T201	C1719833
27743718	1475	1484	posterior	T082	C0205095
27743718	1485	1500	acoustic shadow	T201	C1719833
27743718	1565	1576	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27743718	1593	1610	clinical settings	T082	C3176918

27743941|t|Effects of levodopa on stimulus-response learning versus response selection in healthy young adults
27743941|a|Dopaminergic therapy has been shown to worsen some cognitive functions, particularly learning, in Parkinson's disease (PD). This has been attributed to dopamine overdose of brain regions that are relatively dopamine replete. Dopamine dosages are titrated to the severely depleted dorsal striatum (DS). According to this account, dopaminergic therapy should worsen cognitive functions in healthy young adults who have normal dopamine levels. As a critical test of the dopamine overdose hypothesis, we tested the effect of levodopa on learning stimulus-response associations and on performing stimulus-specific responses once these associations were learned. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, between-subjects design, 40 healthy young adults completed a stimulus-response learning task on either levodopa or placebo. Half of the participants received 100mg of levodopa and 25mg of carbidopa whereas the other half received an equal volume of placebo. In Session 1, participants learned to associate abstract images with specific key-press responses through trial and error with outcome feedback. In Session 2, participants performed stimulus-specific selections to abstract images they had previously learned in Session 1. Participants treated with levodopa compared to those on placebo demonstrated unambiguously less efficient acquisition of stimulus-response associations. The groups did not differ in their ability to enact stimulus-specific selections once they were learned, however, even though these responses were not overlearned. This pattern of findings is entirely consistent with the effect of levodopa on cognition in PD. The deleterious effects of levodopa on learning seem independent of PD pathology. These results have important implications for understanding mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in PD and caution about the potential for cognitive deficits in patients treated with levodopa for other indications.
27743941	0	7	Effects	T080	C1280500
27743941	11	19	levodopa	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
27743941	23	49	stimulus-response learning	T041	C0234404
27743941	57	75	response selection	T041	C0034936
27743941	79	86	healthy	T080	C3898900
27743941	87	99	young adults	T100	C0238598
27743941	100	120	Dopaminergic therapy	T061	C3267134
27743941	139	145	worsen	T033	C1457868
27743941	151	170	cognitive functions	T041	C0392335
27743941	185	193	learning	T041	C0234404
27743941	198	217	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27743941	219	221	PD	T047	C0030567
27743941	252	260	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
27743941	261	269	overdose	T033	C4018909
27743941	273	286	brain regions	T029	C1273723
27743941	307	315	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
27743941	316	323	replete	T080	C0443225
27743941	325	333	Dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
27743941	334	341	dosages	T081	C0178602
27743941	371	379	depleted	T169	C0333668
27743941	380	395	dorsal striatum	T023	C2333957
27743941	397	399	DS	T023	C2333957
27743941	429	449	dopaminergic therapy	T061	C3267134
27743941	457	463	worsen	T033	C1457868
27743941	464	483	cognitive functions	T041	C0392335
27743941	487	494	healthy	T080	C3898900
27743941	495	507	young adults	T100	C0238598
27743941	524	532	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
27743941	533	539	levels	T080	C0441889
27743941	546	554	critical	T080	C1511545
27743941	555	559	test	T170	C0392366
27743941	567	575	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
27743941	576	584	overdose	T033	C4018909
27743941	585	595	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27743941	611	617	effect	T080	C1280500
27743941	621	629	levodopa	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
27743941	642	672	stimulus-response associations	T041	C0234408
27743941	680	690	performing	T169	C0884358
27743941	691	718	stimulus-specific responses	T041	C0034936
27743941	730	755	associations were learned	T041	C0234404
27743941	762	772	randomized	T062	C0034656
27743941	774	786	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27743941	788	806	placebo-controlled	T062,T170	C0599724
27743941	808	831	between-subjects design	T052	C1707689
27743941	836	843	healthy	T080	C3898900
27743941	844	856	young adults	T100	C0238598
27743941	869	895	stimulus-response learning	T041	C0234404
27743941	911	919	levodopa	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
27743941	923	930	placebo	T062	C1706408
27743941	932	936	Half	T081	C2825407
27743941	944	956	participants	T098	C0679646
27743941	975	983	levodopa	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
27743941	996	1005	carbidopa	T109,T121	C0006982
27743941	1024	1028	half	T081	C2825407
27743941	1057	1064	placebo	T062	C1706408
27743941	1080	1092	participants	T098	C0679646
27743941	1093	1100	learned	T041	C0234404
27743941	1114	1129	abstract images	T170	C1704922
27743941	1135	1143	specific	T080	C0205369
27743941	1144	1163	key-press responses	T032	C0871261
27743941	1172	1187	trial and error	T041	C0871550
27743941	1193	1200	outcome	T169	C1274040
27743941	1201	1209	feedback	T041	C2911691
27743941	1225	1237	participants	T098	C0679646
27743941	1248	1276	stimulus-specific selections	T041	C0034936
27743941	1280	1295	abstract images	T170	C1704922
27743941	1316	1323	learned	T041	C0234404
27743941	1338	1350	Participants	T098	C0679646
27743941	1364	1372	levodopa	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
27743941	1373	1381	compared	T052	C1707455
27743941	1394	1401	placebo	T062	C1706408
27743941	1444	1455	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27743941	1459	1489	stimulus-response associations	T041	C0034936
27743941	1495	1501	groups	T098	C1257890
27743941	1543	1571	stimulus-specific selections	T041	C0034936
27743941	1587	1594	learned	T041	C0234404
27743941	1623	1632	responses	T041	C0034936
27743941	1642	1653	overlearned	T041	C0234404
27743941	1660	1667	pattern	T082	C0449774
27743941	1671	1679	findings	T033	C0243095
27743941	1692	1707	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27743941	1722	1730	levodopa	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
27743941	1734	1743	cognition	T041	C0009240
27743941	1747	1749	PD	T047	C0030567
27743941	1767	1774	effects	T080	C1280500
27743941	1778	1786	levodopa	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
27743941	1790	1798	learning	T041	C0234404
27743941	1804	1815	independent	T078	C0085862
27743941	1819	1821	PD	T047	C0030567
27743941	1822	1831	pathology	T169	C0205469
27743941	1839	1846	results	T169	C1274040
27743941	1893	1903	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27743941	1907	1928	cognitive dysfunction	T048	C0338656
27743941	1932	1934	PD	T047	C0030567
27743941	1971	1989	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
27743941	1993	2001	patients	T101	C0030705
27743941	2002	2009	treated	T169	C1522326
27743941	2015	2023	levodopa	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
27743941	2034	2045	indications	T078	C0392360

27744105|t|Asymmetry of lumbopelvic movement patterns during active hip abduction is a risk factor for low back pain development during standing
27744105|a|An induced-pain paradigm has been used in back - healthy people to understand risk factors for developing low back pain (LBP) during prolonged standing. We examined asymmetry of lumbopelvic movement timing during a clinical test of active hip abduction in back-healthy people who developed LBP symptoms during standing (Pain Developers; PDs) compared to back-healthy people who did not develop LBP symptoms during standing (Non Pain Developers, NPDs). Participants completed the hip abduction test while movement was recorded with a motion capture system. Difference in time between start of hip and lumbopelvic movement was calculated (startdiff). PDs moved the lumbopelvic region earlier during left hip abduction than right hip abduction. There was no difference between sides in NPDs. In PDs, the amount of asymmetry was related to average symptom intensity during standing. Asymmetric lumbopelvic movement patterns may be a risk factor for LBP development during prolonged standing.
27744105	0	9	Asymmetry	T082	C0332514
27744105	13	24	lumbopelvic	T029	C3887615
27744105	25	42	movement patterns	T033	C0427096
27744105	50	56	active	T169	C0205177
27744105	57	60	hip	T023	C0019552
27744105	61	70	abduction	T060	C0231733
27744105	76	87	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27744105	92	105	low back pain	T184	C0024031
27744105	106	117	development	T169	C1527148
27744105	118	124	during	T079	C0347984
27744105	125	133	standing	T082	C0231472
27744105	137	158	induced-pain paradigm	T058	C1254363
27744105	168	172	used	T169	C1524063
27744105	176	180	back	T029	C0004600
27744105	183	190	healthy	T080	C3898900
27744105	191	197	people	T098	C0027361
27744105	201	211	understand	T041	C0162340
27744105	212	224	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27744105	229	239	developing	T169	C1527148
27744105	240	253	low back pain	T184	C0024031
27744105	255	258	LBP	T184	C0024031
27744105	260	266	during	T079	C0347984
27744105	267	276	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27744105	277	285	standing	T082	C0231472
27744105	299	308	asymmetry	T082	C0332514
27744105	312	323	lumbopelvic	T029	C3887615
27744105	324	332	movement	T040	C0026649
27744105	333	339	timing	T079	C0449243
27744105	340	346	during	T079	C0347984
27744105	349	357	clinical	T080	C0205210
27744105	358	362	test	T169	C0039593
27744105	366	372	active	T169	C0205177
27744105	373	386	hip abduction	T033	C2030964
27744105	390	402	back-healthy	T080	C3898900
27744105	403	409	people	T098	C0027361
27744105	414	423	developed	T033	C0243095
27744105	424	427	LBP	T184	C0024031
27744105	428	436	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27744105	437	443	during	T079	C0347984
27744105	444	452	standing	T082	C0231472
27744105	454	469	Pain Developers	UnknownType	C0681860
27744105	471	474	PDs	UnknownType	C0681860
27744105	476	484	compared	T052	C1707455
27744105	488	500	back-healthy	T080	C3898900
27744105	501	507	people	T098	C0027361
27744105	516	519	not	T169	C1518422
27744105	520	527	develop	T169	C1527148
27744105	528	531	LBP	T184	C0024031
27744105	532	540	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27744105	541	547	during	T079	C0347984
27744105	548	556	standing	T082	C0231472
27744105	558	577	Non Pain Developers	UnknownType	C0681860
27744105	579	583	NPDs	UnknownType	C0681860
27744105	586	598	Participants	T098	C0679646
27744105	613	616	hip	T023	C0019552
27744105	617	631	abduction test	T060	C0231733
27744105	638	646	movement	T040	C0026649
27744105	651	659	recorded	T080	C2355580
27744105	667	688	motion capture system	T074	C0025080
27744105	690	700	Difference	T080	C1705242
27744105	704	708	time	T079	C0040223
27744105	709	716	between	T082	C0205103
27744105	717	722	start	T079	C0439659
27744105	726	729	hip	T023	C0019552
27744105	734	745	lumbopelvic	T029	C3887615
27744105	746	754	movement	T040	C0026649
27744105	759	769	calculated	T059	C1443182
27744105	771	780	startdiff	T081	C0392762
27744105	783	786	PDs	UnknownType	C0681860
27744105	787	792	moved	T169	C1269909
27744105	797	808	lumbopelvic	T029	C3887615
27744105	809	815	region	T029	C0005898
27744105	824	830	during	T079	C0347984
27744105	831	849	left hip abduction	T033	C2030966
27744105	855	874	right hip abduction	T033	C2030967
27744105	886	899	no difference	T033	C3842396
27744105	917	921	NPDs	UnknownType	C0681860
27744105	926	929	PDs	UnknownType	C0681860
27744105	935	941	amount	T081	C1265611
27744105	945	954	asymmetry	T082	C0332514
27744105	970	977	average	T081	C1510992
27744105	978	995	symptom intensity	T033	C0518690
27744105	996	1002	during	T079	C0347984
27744105	1003	1011	standing	T082	C0231472
27744105	1013	1023	Asymmetric	T082	C0332514
27744105	1024	1035	lumbopelvic	T029	C3887615
27744105	1036	1053	movement patterns	T033	C0427096
27744105	1063	1074	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27744105	1079	1082	LBP	T184	C0024031
27744105	1083	1094	development	T169	C1527148
27744105	1095	1101	during	T079	C0347984
27744105	1102	1111	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27744105	1112	1120	standing	T082	C0231472

27744219|t|Biomimetic whitlockite inorganic nanoparticles -mediated in situ remodeling and rapid bone regeneration
27744219|a|Bone remodeling process relies on complex signaling pathway between osteoblasts and osteoclasts and control mechanisms to achieve homeostasis of their growth and differentiation. Despite previous achievements in understanding complicated signaling pathways between cells and bone extracellular matrices during bone remodeling process, a role of local ionic concentration remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that synthetic whitlockite (WH: Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12) nanoparticles can recapitulate early-stage of bone regeneration through stimulating osteogenic differentiation, prohibiting osteoclastic activity, and transforming into mechanically enhanced hydroxyapatite (HAP)- neo bone tissues by continuous supply of PO4(3-) and Mg(2+) under physiological conditions. In addition, based on their structural analysis, the dynamic phase transformation from WH into HAP contributed as a key factor for rapid bone regeneration with denser hierarchical neo-bone structure. Our findings suggest a groundbreaking concept of ' living bone minerals ' that actively communicate with the surrounding system to induce self-healing, while previous notions about bone minerals have been limited to passive products of cellular mineralization.
27744219	0	10	Biomimetic	T073	C1136386
27744219	11	22	whitlockite	T122,T197	C0078483
27744219	23	32	inorganic	T077	C1881215
27744219	33	46	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27744219	57	64	in situ	T082	C0444498
27744219	65	75	remodeling	T042	C0085268
27744219	86	103	bone regeneration	T042	C0005972
27744219	104	119	Bone remodeling	T042	C0085268
27744219	138	145	complex	T080	C0439855
27744219	146	163	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27744219	172	183	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27744219	188	199	osteoclasts	T025	C0029431
27744219	212	222	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27744219	234	245	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27744219	255	261	growth	T043	C0007595
27744219	266	281	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27744219	342	360	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27744219	369	374	cells	T025	C0007634
27744219	379	383	bone	T023	C0262950
27744219	384	406	extracellular matrices	T024	C0015350
27744219	414	429	bone remodeling	T042	C0085268
27744219	455	460	ionic	T196	C0022023
27744219	461	474	concentration	T081	C1446561
27744219	489	499	elucidated	T052	C2986669
27744219	527	536	synthetic	T052	C1883254
27744219	537	548	whitlockite	T122,T197	C0078483
27744219	550	576	WH: Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12)	T122,T197	C0078483
27744219	577	590	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27744219	595	607	recapitulate	T169	C0205341
27744219	623	640	bone regeneration	T042	C0005972
27744219	649	660	stimulating	T070	C1948023
27744219	661	687	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C0007589
27744219	689	700	prohibiting	T169	C1292733
27744219	701	713	osteoclastic	T025	C0029431
27744219	714	722	activity	T052	C0441655
27744219	728	740	transforming	T043	C0040682
27744219	768	782	hydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27744219	784	787	HAP	T197	C0020326
27744219	790	806	neo bone tissues	T024	C0391978
27744219	831	838	PO4(3-)	T121,T197	C1601799
27744219	843	849	Mg(2+)	T121,T196	C2346927
27744219	856	869	physiological	T169	C0205463
27744219	870	880	conditions	T080	C0348080
27744219	910	929	structural analysis	T062	C0242481
27744219	943	948	phase	T079	C0205390
27744219	949	963	transformation	T043	C0040682
27744219	969	971	WH	T122,T197	C0078483
27744219	977	980	HAP	T197	C0020326
27744219	1002	1008	factor	T169	C1521761
27744219	1019	1036	bone regeneration	T042	C0005972
27744219	1042	1048	denser	T080	C0439794
27744219	1049	1061	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
27744219	1062	1070	neo-bone	T023	C0262950
27744219	1071	1080	structure	T082	C0678594
27744219	1086	1094	findings	T033	C0243095
27744219	1133	1139	living	T078	C0376558
27744219	1140	1144	bone	T023	C0262950
27744219	1145	1153	minerals	T197	C0026162
27744219	1161	1169	actively	T169	C0205177
27744219	1170	1181	communicate	T043	C0007582
27744219	1213	1219	induce	T169	C0205263
27744219	1220	1232	self-healing	T042	C1254358
27744219	1263	1267	bone	T023	C0262950
27744219	1268	1276	minerals	T197	C0026162
27744219	1298	1305	passive	T080	C3686820
27744219	1318	1326	cellular	T025	C0007634
27744219	1327	1341	mineralization	T042	C1254358

27744233|t|Suicidal thoughts and behaviors in psychiatrically referred young children
27744233|a|Despite increased awareness of the prevalence and seriousness of mental health problems in early childhood, there have been few empirical studies of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in this age group. This study examined suicidal thoughts and behaviors in 360 preschool-aged children (ages 3 to 7 years) presenting to a psychiatric day treatment program. A semi-structured diagnostic interview (conducted with primary caregivers) was used to assess for child suicidal thoughts and behaviors and psychiatric disorders. Participating mothers also reported on their own psychological distress and family psychiatric history. Forty-eight children (13%) were reported to have suicidal thoughts and behaviors, with suicidal plans or attempts endorsed for 2-3% of the sample. Suicidal thinking and behavior was associated with older child age and with higher rates of concurrent depression, oppositional defiant disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder in univariate analyses, with age and depression remaining as significant predictors in a multivariate logistic regression model. Findings suggest that suicidal thoughts and behaviors are a significant clinical concern for young children presenting with early psychopathology, particularly depression, with implications for early childhood psychiatric assessment and treatment.
27744233	0	17	Suicidal thoughts	T033	C0424000
27744233	22	31	behaviors	T033	C1760428
27744233	35	50	psychiatrically	T033	C1548428
27744233	60	65	young	T079	C0332239
27744233	66	74	children	T100	C0008059
27744233	83	92	increased	T081	C0205217
27744233	93	102	awareness	T033	C1328734
27744233	110	120	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27744233	125	136	seriousness	T080	C1547644
27744233	140	162	mental health problems	T033	C1446377
27744233	166	181	early childhood	T079	C0599196
27744233	203	220	empirical studies	T062	C0681812
27744233	224	241	suicidal thoughts	T033	C0424000
27744233	246	255	behaviors	T033	C1760428
27744233	264	273	age group	T100	C0027362
27744233	280	285	study	T062	C2603343
27744233	295	312	suicidal thoughts	T033	C0424000
27744233	317	326	behaviors	T033	C1760428
27744233	334	357	preschool-aged children	T100	C0008100
27744233	359	363	ages	T032	C0001779
27744233	371	376	years	T079	C0439234
27744233	394	427	psychiatric day treatment program	T058	C0679841
27744233	431	467	semi-structured diagnostic interview	T060	C1537061
27744233	484	491	primary	T080	C0205225
27744233	492	502	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27744233	527	532	child	T100	C0008059
27744233	533	550	suicidal thoughts	T033	C0424000
27744233	555	564	behaviors	T033	C1760428
27744233	569	590	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
27744233	592	605	Participating	T169	C0679823
27744233	606	613	mothers	T099	C0026591
27744233	641	663	psychological distress	T048	C4061735
27744233	668	694	family psychiatric history	T033	C0260517
27744233	708	716	children	T100	C0008059
27744233	745	762	suicidal thoughts	T033	C0424000
27744233	767	776	behaviors	T033	C1760428
27744233	783	797	suicidal plans	T033	C0424001
27744233	801	809	attempts	T033	C0038663
27744233	843	860	Suicidal thinking	T033	C0424000
27744233	865	873	behavior	T033	C1760428
27744233	894	905	older child	T100	C1455726
27744233	906	909	age	T032	C0001779
27744233	926	931	rates	T081	C1521828
27744233	935	945	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27744233	946	956	depression	T048	C0011570
27744233	958	987	oppositional defiant disorder	T048	C1656589
27744233	993	1022	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
27744233	1026	1045	univariate analyses	T062	C0683962
27744233	1052	1055	age	T032	C0001779
27744233	1060	1070	depression	T048	C0011570
27744233	1084	1095	significant	T078	C0750502
27744233	1096	1106	predictors	T078	C2698872
27744233	1112	1150	multivariate logistic regression model	UnknownType	C0681925
27744233	1152	1160	Findings	T033	C0243095
27744233	1174	1191	suicidal thoughts	T033	C0424000
27744233	1196	1205	behaviors	T033	C1760428
27744233	1212	1223	significant	T078	C0750502
27744233	1224	1232	clinical	T080	C0205210
27744233	1233	1240	concern	T078	C2699424
27744233	1245	1250	young	T079	C0332239
27744233	1251	1259	children	T100	C0008059
27744233	1282	1297	psychopathology	T048	C0004936
27744233	1312	1322	depression	T048	C0011570
27744233	1346	1361	early childhood	T079	C0599196
27744233	1362	1384	psychiatric assessment	T060	C0846574
27744233	1389	1398	treatment	T061	C0087111

27744500|t|Some unusual forms of early onset postpartum psychosis
27744500|a|In addition to bipolar cycloid episodes, infective delirium and eclamptic psychosis, each of which has characteristic clinical features and course, brief episodes of delirium and stupor are also seen in the immediate aftermath of parturition. Several mothers have had similar episodes developing later in the first 10 days, and some have cyclical disorders with an unusual time base. Bipolar / cycloid disorders can start on day 1 or even earlier.
27744500	5	12	unusual	T080	C2700116
27744500	13	18	forms	T080	C0348078
27744500	22	33	early onset	T033	C1833334
27744500	34	54	postpartum psychosis	T048	C0520678
27744500	55	69	In addition to	T169	C0332287
27744500	70	77	bipolar	T048	C0005586
27744500	78	85	cycloid	T048	C0338822
27744500	86	94	episodes	T048	C0338614
27744500	96	114	infective delirium	T048	C0011206
27744500	119	128	eclamptic	T047	C0013537
27744500	129	138	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27744500	158	172	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27744500	173	181	clinical	T080	C0205210
27744500	182	190	features	T080	C1521970
27744500	195	201	course	T079	C0449259
27744500	203	208	brief	T079	C1879313
27744500	209	217	episodes	T048	C0338614
27744500	221	229	delirium	T048	C0011206
27744500	234	240	stupor	T048	C0085628
27744500	262	271	immediate	T079	C0205253
27744500	285	296	parturition	T040	C0005615
27744500	298	305	Several	T081	C0439064
27744500	306	313	mothers	T099	C0026591
27744500	323	330	similar	T080	C2348205
27744500	331	339	episodes	T048	C0338614
27744500	351	356	later	T079	C0205087
27744500	373	377	days	T079	C0439228
27744500	393	411	cyclical disorders	T047	C0152164
27744500	420	427	unusual	T080	C2700116
27744500	428	432	time	T079	C0040223
27744500	433	437	base	T078	C1705938
27744500	439	446	Bipolar	T048	C0005586
27744500	449	466	cycloid disorders	T048	C0338822
27744500	471	476	start	T079	C0439659
27744500	480	483	day	T079	C0439228

27744574|t|TGFβ Contributes to the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid on an Animal Model of Acute Neuroinflammation
27744574|a|The bile acid conjugate tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a neuroprotective agent in various animal models of neuropathologies. We have previously shown the anti-inflammatory properties of TUDCA in an animal model of acute neuroinflammation. Here, we present a new anti-inflammatory mechanism of TUDCA through the regulation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway. The bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected intravenously (iv) on TGFβ reporter mice (Smad-binding element (SBE)/Tk-Luc) to study in their brains the real-time activation profile of the TGFβ pathway in a non-invasive way. The activation of the TGFβ pathway in the brain of SBE/Tk-Luc mice increased 24 h after LPS injection, compared to control animals. This activation peak increased further in mice treated with both LPS and TUDCA than in mice treated with LPS only. The enhanced TGFβ activation in mice treated with LPS and TUDCA correlated with both an increase in TGFβ3 transcript in mouse brain and an increase in TGFβ3 immunoreactivity in microglia / macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons. Inhibition of the TGFβ receptor with SB431542 drug reverted the effect of TUDCA on microglia / macrophages activation and on TGFβ3 immunoreactivity. Under inflammatory conditions, treatment with TUDCA enhanced further the activation of TGFβ pathway in mouse brain and increased the expression of TGFβ3. Therefore, the induction of TGFβ3 by TUDCA might act as a positive feedback, increasing the initial activation of the TGFβ pathway by the inflammatory stimulus. Our findings provide proof-of-concept that TGFβ contributes to the anti-inflammatory effect of TUDCA under neuroinflammatory conditions.
27744574	0	4	TGFβ	T116,T123	C0040690
27744574	24	49	Anti-inflammatory Effects	T080	C1515999
27744574	53	78	Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	85	97	Animal Model	T050	C0012644
27744574	101	106	Acute	T079	C0205178
27744574	107	124	Neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
27744574	129	138	bile acid	T109,T123	C0005390
27744574	149	174	tauroursodeoxycholic acid	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	176	181	TUDCA	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	188	209	neuroprotective agent	T121	C0242912
27744574	221	234	animal models	T050	C0012644
27744574	238	254	neuropathologies	T091	C0876934
27744574	285	313	anti-inflammatory properties	T080	C1515999
27744574	317	322	TUDCA	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	329	341	animal model	T050	C0012644
27744574	345	350	acute	T079	C0205178
27744574	351	368	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
27744574	393	420	anti-inflammatory mechanism	T080	C1515999
27744574	424	429	TUDCA	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	442	499	regulation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway	T044	C1155369
27744574	505	514	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27744574	515	533	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27744574	535	538	LPS	T109	C0023810
27744574	544	566	injected intravenously	T061	C1737200
27744574	575	579	TGFβ	T116,T123	C0040690
27744574	580	593	reporter mice	T015	C0025929
27744574	595	615	Smad-binding element	T116,T123	C1571580
27744574	617	620	SBE	T116,T123	C1571580
27744574	633	638	study	T062	C2603343
27744574	648	654	brains	T023	C0006104
27744574	659	687	real-time activation profile	T059	C1979963
27744574	695	707	TGFβ pathway	T044	C1155363
27744574	713	725	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27744574	735	765	activation of the TGFβ pathway	T040	C2244559
27744574	773	778	brain	T023	C0006104
27744574	782	797	SBE/Tk-Luc mice	T015	C0025929
27744574	819	822	LPS	T109	C0023810
27744574	823	832	injection	T061	C1533685
27744574	846	861	control animals	T008	C1511501
27744574	868	878	activation	T052	C1879547
27744574	879	883	peak	T080	C0444505
27744574	905	909	mice	T015	C0025929
27744574	910	917	treated	T169	C1522326
27744574	928	931	LPS	T109	C0023810
27744574	936	941	TUDCA	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	950	954	mice	T015	C0025929
27744574	955	962	treated	T169	C1522326
27744574	968	971	LPS	T109	C0023810
27744574	991	1006	TGFβ activation	T040	C2244559
27744574	1010	1014	mice	T015	C0025929
27744574	1015	1022	treated	T169	C1522326
27744574	1028	1031	LPS	T109	C0023810
27744574	1036	1041	TUDCA	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	1066	1074	increase	T169	C0442805
27744574	1078	1094	TGFβ3 transcript	T116,T123	C0040690
27744574	1098	1103	mouse	T015	C0025929
27744574	1104	1109	brain	T023	C0006104
27744574	1117	1125	increase	T169	C0442805
27744574	1129	1134	TGFβ3	T116,T123	C0040690
27744574	1135	1151	immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
27744574	1155	1164	microglia	T025	C0206116
27744574	1167	1178	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27744574	1180	1197	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27744574	1203	1210	neurons	T025	C0027882
27744574	1212	1222	Inhibition	T044	C0021469
27744574	1230	1243	TGFβ receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0076930
27744574	1249	1262	SB431542 drug	T109,T121	C1137338
27744574	1286	1291	TUDCA	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	1295	1304	microglia	T043	C0007613
27744574	1307	1329	macrophages activation	T043	C2248379
27744574	1337	1342	TGFβ3	T116,T123	C0040690
27744574	1343	1359	immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
27744574	1367	1390	inflammatory conditions	T046	C0021368
27744574	1392	1401	treatment	T169	C1522326
27744574	1407	1412	TUDCA	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	1434	1460	activation of TGFβ pathway	T044	C1155363
27744574	1470	1475	brain	T023	C0006104
27744574	1480	1489	increased	T081	C0205217
27744574	1494	1504	expression	T045	C1171362
27744574	1508	1513	TGFβ3	T116,T123	C0040690
27744574	1530	1539	induction	T169	C0205263
27744574	1543	1548	TGFβ3	T116,T123	C0040690
27744574	1552	1557	TUDCA	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	1592	1602	increasing	T169	C0442808
27744574	1615	1645	activation of the TGFβ pathway	T040	C2244559
27744574	1653	1665	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27744574	1666	1674	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27744574	1719	1723	TGFβ	T116,T123	C0040690
27744574	1743	1767	anti-inflammatory effect	T080	C1515999
27744574	1771	1776	TUDCA	T109,T121	C0075857
27744574	1783	1811	neuroinflammatory conditions	T046	C0021368

27744641|t|Somatosensory regulation of serotonin release in the central nucleus of the amygdala is mediated via corticotropin releasing factor and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the dorsal raphe nucleus
27744641|a|Noxious cutaneous stimulation increases, whereas innocuous cutaneous stimulation decreases serotonin (5-HT) release in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in anesthetized rats. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptors and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) to those responses. Release of 5-HT in the CeA was monitored by microdialysis before and after 10- min stimulation by pinching or stroking. Increased 5-HT release in the CeA in response to pinching was abolished by CRF2 receptor antagonism in the DRN. Decreased 5-HT release in the CeA in response to stroking was abolished by either CRF1 receptor antagonism or GABAA receptor antagonism in the DRN. These results suggest that opposite responses of 5-HT release in the CeA to noxious versus innocuous stimulation of the skin are due to separate contributions of CRF2, CRF1 and GABAA receptors in the DRN.
27744641	0	13	Somatosensory	T023	C0682664
27744641	14	24	regulation	T038	C1327622
27744641	28	45	serotonin release	T043	C1979804
27744641	53	84	central nucleus of the amygdala	T023	C0175219
27744641	101	131	corticotropin releasing factor	T116,T121,T125	C0010132
27744641	136	159	gamma-aminobutyric acid	T116,T123	C0016904
27744641	167	187	dorsal raphe nucleus	T023	C0175392
27744641	188	217	Noxious cutaneous stimulation	T061	C1292856
27744641	218	227	increases	T169	C0442805
27744641	237	268	innocuous cutaneous stimulation	T061	C1292856
27744641	269	278	decreases	T081	C0547047
27744641	279	303	serotonin (5-HT) release	T043	C1979804
27744641	311	342	central nucleus of the amygdala	T023	C0175219
27744641	344	347	CeA	T023	C0175219
27744641	352	364	anesthetized	T033	C1720436
27744641	365	369	rats	T015	C0034693
27744641	386	391	study	T062	C2603343
27744641	396	408	investigated	T169	C1292732
27744641	429	475	corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptors	T116,T192	C0056373
27744641	480	520	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors	T116,T192	C0206518
27744641	528	548	dorsal raphe nucleus	T023	C0175392
27744641	550	553	DRN	T023	C0175392
27744641	575	590	Release of 5-HT	T109,T123	C0036751
27744641	598	601	CeA	T023	C0175219
27744641	619	632	microdialysis	T058	C0206056
27744641	654	657	min	T079	C0439232
27744641	658	669	stimulation	T070	C1948023
27744641	673	681	pinching	T037	C0418416
27744641	685	693	stroking	T061	C0556833
27744641	705	717	5-HT release	T043	C1979804
27744641	725	728	CeA	T023	C0175219
27744641	732	740	response	T032	C0871261
27744641	744	752	pinching	T037	C0418416
27744641	757	766	abolished	T080	C0849355
27744641	770	783	CRF2 receptor	T116,T192	C0529999
27744641	784	794	antagonism	T044	C1148560
27744641	802	805	DRN	T023	C0175392
27744641	817	829	5-HT release	T043	C1979804
27744641	837	840	CeA	T023	C0175219
27744641	856	864	stroking	T061	C0556833
27744641	869	878	abolished	T080	C0849355
27744641	889	902	CRF1 receptor	T116,T192	C0529997
27744641	903	913	antagonism	T044	C1148560
27744641	917	931	GABAA receptor	T116,T192	C0206518
27744641	932	942	antagonism	T044	C1148560
27744641	950	953	DRN	T023	C0175392
27744641	961	968	results	T169	C1274040
27744641	969	976	suggest	T078	C1705535
27744641	1004	1016	5-HT release	T043	C1979804
27744641	1024	1027	CeA	T023	C0175219
27744641	1031	1038	noxious	T080	C0205556
27744641	1046	1067	innocuous stimulation	T061	C1292856
27744641	1075	1079	skin	T022	C1123023
27744641	1091	1099	separate	T080	C0443299
27744641	1100	1113	contributions	T052	C1880177
27744641	1117	1121	CRF2	T116,T192	C0529999
27744641	1123	1127	CRF1	T116,T192	C0529997
27744641	1132	1147	GABAA receptors	T116,T192	C0206518
27744641	1155	1158	DRN	T023	C0175392

27744673|t|Unsafe Disposal of Child Faeces: A Community-based Study in a Rural Block in West Bengal, India
27744673|a|A clean India is the responsibility of all Indians. One of the objectives of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Initiative) is to bring about behavioural changes regarding healthy sanitation practices. While large-scale programs in India have increased latrine coverage, they have to some extent failed to bring behavioural changes ensuring optimal latrine use, including the safe disposal of child faeces, which is a significant source of exposure to faecal pathogens. Hence, this study was done to explore child faeces disposal practices in rural West Bengal and to elicit the determinants of unhygienic faeces disposal. Data collection was done using an interview method among the mothers of 502 under-5 children, following a pre-designed, semi-structured schedule during house-to-house visits in a set of villages in the Hooghly district of West Bengal. The prevalence of unsafe disposal of child faeces was 72.4%, and maternal education, per capita income, and water source were found to be significantly associated with unsafe child faeces disposal. This study draws attention to the unsafe disposal of child faeces in this area of India and raises questions about the efficiency of sanitation campaigns in rural India that focus on expanding coverage rather than emphasizing behavioural changes, which are crucial to ensure the safe disposal of child faeces. Thus, it is urgently necessary to strengthen efforts focusing on behavioural changes regarding the safe disposal of child faeces in order to minimise adverse health outcomes.
27744673	0	15	Unsafe Disposal	UnknownType	C0814104
27744673	19	24	Child	T100	C0008059
27744673	25	31	Faeces	T031	C0015733
27744673	35	56	Community-based Study	T062	C4289598
27744673	62	95	Rural Block in West Bengal, India	T083	C0021201
27744673	98	109	clean India	T083	C0021201
27744673	117	131	responsibility	T055	C0678341
27744673	139	146	Indians	T098	C1524069
27744673	177	198	Swachh Bharat Abhiyan	T064	C0018106
27744673	200	222	Clean India Initiative	T064	C0018106
27744673	242	261	behavioural changes	T058	C1160858
27744673	272	300	healthy sanitation practices	T058	C4038700
27744673	308	328	large-scale programs	T058	C0679897
27744673	332	337	India	T083	C0021201
27744673	353	369	latrine coverage	T073	C0023124
27744673	412	431	behavioural changes	T058	C1160858
27744673	449	460	latrine use	T073	C0023124
27744673	476	489	safe disposal	T033	C0518411
27744673	493	498	child	T100	C0008059
27744673	499	505	faeces	T031	C0015733
27744673	540	568	exposure to faecal pathogens	T033	C4060607
27744673	608	613	child	T100	C0008059
27744673	614	620	faeces	T031	C0015733
27744673	621	639	disposal practices	T058	C0206203
27744673	643	660	rural West Bengal	T083	C0017446
27744673	679	691	determinants	T058	C3658315
27744673	695	721	unhygienic faeces disposal	T058	C0206203
27744673	723	738	Data collection	T062	C0010995
27744673	757	766	interview	T052	C0021822
27744673	784	791	mothers	T099	C0026591
27744673	807	815	children	T100	C0008059
27744673	843	867	semi-structured schedule	UnknownType	C0681913
27744673	909	917	villages	T083	C0562518
27744673	925	956	Hooghly district of West Bengal	T083	C0017446
27744673	976	991	unsafe disposal	UnknownType	C0814104
27744673	995	1000	child	T100	C0008059
27744673	1001	1007	faeces	T031	C0015733
27744673	1023	1041	maternal education	T080	C0242263
27744673	1043	1060	per capita income	UnknownType	C0681015
27744673	1066	1078	water source	T033	C2047186
27744673	1133	1138	child	T100	C0008059
27744673	1139	1145	faeces	T031	C0015733
27744673	1146	1154	disposal	T052	C1707797
27744673	1190	1205	unsafe disposal	UnknownType	C0814104
27744673	1209	1214	child	T100	C0008059
27744673	1215	1221	faeces	T031	C0015733
27744673	1230	1243	area of India	T083	C0021201
27744673	1289	1309	sanitation campaigns	T058	C0811683
27744673	1313	1324	rural India	T083	C0021201
27744673	1382	1401	behavioural changes	T058	C1160858
27744673	1435	1464	safe disposal of child faeces	T033	C0518411
27744673	1452	1457	child	T100	C0008059
27744673	1531	1550	behavioural changes	T058	C1160858
27744673	1565	1594	safe disposal of child faeces	T033	C0518411
27744673	1582	1587	child	T100	C0008059
27744673	1607	1615	minimise	T080	C1524031
27744673	1616	1623	adverse	T046	C0879626
27744673	1624	1639	health outcomes	T170	C1550208

27745564|t|How should proxies of cognitive reserve be evaluated in a population of healthy older adults?
27745564|a|While some tools have been developed to estimate an individual's cognitive reserve (CR), no study has assessed the adequacy of the method used for assessing these CR proxy indicators. Therefore, we aimed to determine the most appropriate method to estimate CR by comparing two approaches: (1) the common assessment of CR proxies in the literature (e.g. years of education) and (2) the calculation of a comprehensive index based on most significant parameters used in the estimation of CR. Data on CR proxies (i.e. education, occupation, and leisure activities) were obtained in a sample of 204 older adults. Regression analyses were used to develop the two indices of CR (i.e. ICR-standard and ICR-detailed) and to determine which index best represented the level of one's CR. The ICR-standard was calculated using a combination of the three most common measures of reserve in the literature: number of schooling years, complexity of the primary occupation, and amount of current participation in stimulating activities. The ICR-detailed was calculated using the most significant parameters (established in initial analyses) of CR: highest level of education combined with the number of training courses, last occupation, and amount of current participation in social and intellectual activities. The comparison of both indices showed that higher levels of ICR-standard and ICR-detailed were associated with a greater minimization of the effects of age on cognition. However, the ICR-detailed was more strongly associated to this minimization than the ICR-standard, suggesting that the ICR-detailed best reflect one's CR. This study is the first to show that it is of great importance to question methods measuring CR proxies in order to develop a clinical tool allowing a comprehensive and accurate estimation of CR.
27745564	11	18	proxies	T169	C1521761
27745564	22	39	cognitive reserve	T041	C2936352
27745564	43	52	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27745564	58	68	population	T098	C1257890
27745564	72	79	healthy	T080	C3898900
27745564	80	92	older adults	T098	C0001792
27745564	105	110	tools	T170	C1516602
27745564	134	142	estimate	T081	C0750572
27745564	146	158	individual's	T098	C0027361
27745564	159	176	cognitive reserve	T041	C2936352
27745564	178	180	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	196	204	assessed	T052	C1516048
27745564	209	217	adequacy	T080	C0205410
27745564	257	259	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	260	265	proxy	T169	C1521761
27745564	320	331	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27745564	342	350	estimate	T081	C0750572
27745564	351	353	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	391	397	common	T081	C0205214
27745564	398	408	assessment	T058	C0220825
27745564	412	414	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	415	422	proxies	T169	C1521761
27745564	430	440	literature	T170	C0023866
27745564	447	465	years of education	T081	C4054327
27745564	479	490	calculation	T052	C1441506
27745564	496	509	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27745564	510	515	index	T170	C0918012
27745564	525	541	most significant	T080	C1299394
27745564	542	552	parameters	T033	C0449381
27745564	565	575	estimation	T041	C0680844
27745564	579	581	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	591	593	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	594	601	proxies	T169	C1521761
27745564	608	617	education	T065	C0013621
27745564	619	629	occupation	T090	C0028811
27745564	635	653	leisure activities	T056	C0023292
27745564	688	700	older adults	T098	C0001792
27745564	702	721	Regression analyses	T170	C0034980
27745564	751	758	indices	T170	C0918012
27745564	762	764	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	771	783	ICR-standard	T170	C0918012
27745564	788	800	ICR-detailed	T170	C0918012
27745564	825	830	index	T170	C0918012
27745564	867	869	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	875	887	ICR-standard	T170	C0918012
27745564	892	902	calculated	T052	C1441506
27745564	911	922	combination	T080	C0205195
27745564	941	947	common	T081	C0205214
27745564	948	956	measures	T081	C0079809
27745564	960	967	reserve	T041	C2936352
27745564	975	985	literature	T170	C0023866
27745564	987	1012	number of schooling years	T081	C4054327
27745564	1014	1024	complexity	T080	C0439855
27745564	1040	1050	occupation	T090	C0028811
27745564	1066	1073	current	T079	C0521116
27745564	1074	1087	participation	T169	C0679823
27745564	1091	1102	stimulating	T070	C1948023
27745564	1103	1113	activities	T052	C0441655
27745564	1119	1131	ICR-detailed	T170	C0918012
27745564	1136	1146	calculated	T052	C1441506
27745564	1157	1173	most significant	T080	C1299394
27745564	1174	1184	parameters	T033	C0449381
27745564	1201	1208	initial	T079	C0205265
27745564	1209	1217	analyses	T062	C0936012
27745564	1222	1224	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	1226	1252	highest level of education	T033	C4264309
27745564	1253	1261	combined	T080	C0205195
27745564	1281	1297	training courses	T065	C0040607
27745564	1299	1303	last	T080	C1517741
27745564	1304	1314	occupation	T090	C0028811
27745564	1320	1326	amount	T081	C1265611
27745564	1338	1351	participation	T169	C0679823
27745564	1355	1361	social	T054	C2371613
27745564	1366	1389	intellectual activities	T065	C0013652
27745564	1395	1405	comparison	T052	C1707455
27745564	1414	1421	indices	T170	C0918012
27745564	1451	1463	ICR-standard	T170	C0918012
27745564	1468	1480	ICR-detailed	T170	C0918012
27745564	1486	1501	associated with	T080	C0332281
27745564	1504	1511	greater	T081	C1704243
27745564	1512	1524	minimization	T080	C0392756
27745564	1532	1542	effects of	T080	C1704420
27745564	1543	1546	age	T032	C0001779
27745564	1550	1559	cognition	T041	C0009240
27745564	1574	1586	ICR-detailed	T170	C0918012
27745564	1605	1615	associated	T080	C0332281
27745564	1624	1636	minimization	T080	C0392756
27745564	1646	1658	ICR-standard	T170	C0918012
27745564	1680	1692	ICR-detailed	T170	C0918012
27745564	1712	1714	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	1762	1767	great	T081	C0549177
27745564	1768	1778	importance	T080	C3898777
27745564	1799	1808	measuring	T080	C0444706
27745564	1809	1811	CR	T041	C2936352
27745564	1812	1819	proxies	T169	C1521761
27745564	1842	1855	clinical tool	T170	C1516602
27745564	1867	1880	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27745564	1885	1893	accurate	T080	C0443131
27745564	1894	1904	estimation	T041	C0680844
27745564	1908	1910	CR	T041	C2936352

27745773|t|Is the inactivation of dentin proteases by crosslinkers reversible?
27745773|a|Inactivation of dentin proteases by crosslinkers has been suggested as a way to prevent the degradation of dentin collagen in the hybrid layer. However, it is not known if the inhibition is reversible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inactivation effect of various crosslinkers on dentin protease activity over a period of 6 months. Demineralized dentin beams (1×2×6mm, n=10/group) were treated with (1) 1% glutaraldehyde (GA1), (2) 5% glutaraldehyde (GA5), (3) 1% grape seed extract (GS1), (4) 5% grape seed extract (GS5), (5) 10% sumac berry extract (S), (6) 20μM curcumin (CR20), and (7) 200μM curcumin (CR200) for 5min. Untreated beams served as control. The beams were incubated up to 6 months and incubation media were used to analyze solubilized telopeptide (ICTP and CTX) fragments as indicators of MMP - and cathepsin K -mediated degradation after 1, 3 and 6 months of incubation. The relative MMP activity of dentin beams was tested using a generic MMP assay. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, α=0.05. All treated groups showed significant decrease in CTX release (32.2-469.5pg/mg dentin) and ICTP (1.8-47.6ng/mg dentin) fragments during the first month of incubation compared to control (1159pg/mg and 72.9ng/mg dentin, respectively). GA5, GS5 and CR200 maintained their inhibitory effect during 6-month incubation. The results were confirmed by dry mass loss and relative MMP activity following 6 months. The results of this study indicate that the long-term effect is both crosslinker and dose dependent.
27745773	7	19	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27745773	23	29	dentin	T031	C0011429
27745773	30	39	proteases	T116,T126	C1947941
27745773	43	55	crosslinkers	T130	C0010360
27745773	56	66	reversible	T169	C0205343
27745773	68	80	Inactivation	T169	C0544461
27745773	84	90	dentin	T031	C0011429
27745773	91	100	proteases	T116,T126	C1947941
27745773	104	116	crosslinkers	T130	C0010360
27745773	126	135	suggested	T078	C1705535
27745773	148	155	prevent	T080	C2700409
27745773	160	171	degradation	T044	C0314674
27745773	175	181	dentin	T031	C0011429
27745773	182	190	collagen	T116	C0009325
27745773	198	204	hybrid	T116	C0598148
27745773	205	210	layer	T082	C1254362
27745773	227	236	not known	T080	C0439673
27745773	244	254	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27745773	258	268	reversible	T169	C0205343
27745773	274	277	aim	T078	C1947946
27745773	286	291	study	T062	C2603343
27745773	299	307	evaluate	T052	C0441655
27745773	312	324	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27745773	325	331	effect	T080	C1280500
27745773	343	355	crosslinkers	T130	C0010360
27745773	359	365	dentin	T031	C0011429
27745773	366	374	protease	T116,T126	C1947941
27745773	375	383	activity	T044	C0243102
27745773	391	397	period	T079	C1948053
27745773	411	437	Demineralized dentin beams	T122	C0296481
27745773	465	477	treated with	T169	C1522326
27745773	485	499	glutaraldehyde	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27745773	501	504	GA1	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27745773	514	528	glutaraldehyde	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27745773	530	533	GA5	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27745773	543	561	grape seed extract	T109,T121	C0772454
27745773	563	566	GS1	T109,T121	C0772454
27745773	576	594	grape seed extract	T109,T121	C0772454
27745773	596	599	GS5	T109,T121	C0772454
27745773	610	629	sumac berry extract	T002	C4047315
27745773	631	632	S	T002	C4047315
27745773	639	652	20μM curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27745773	654	658	CR20	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27745773	675	683	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27745773	685	690	CR200	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27745773	702	711	Untreated	T033	C0243095
27745773	712	717	beams	T122	C0296481
27745773	728	735	control	T096	C0009932
27745773	741	746	beams	T122	C0296481
27745773	752	761	incubated	T059	C1439852
27745773	781	797	incubation media	T130	C0358514
27745773	811	818	analyze	T062	C0936012
27745773	819	830	solubilized	T080	C1948047
27745773	831	842	telopeptide	T116	C0030956
27745773	844	848	ICTP	T116	C1101784
27745773	853	856	CTX	T116	C1173299
27745773	858	867	fragments	T116	C0030935
27745773	871	881	indicators	T169	C1522602
27745773	885	888	MMP	T116,T126	C0623362
27745773	895	906	cathepsin K	T116,T126	C0284930
27745773	917	928	degradation	T044	C0314674
27745773	956	966	incubation	T059	C1439852
27745773	972	980	relative	T080	C0205345
27745773	981	984	MMP	T116,T126	C0623362
27745773	985	993	activity	T044	C1148560
27745773	997	1009	dentin beams	T122	C0296481
27745773	1029	1036	generic	T077	C1705810
27745773	1037	1040	MMP	T116,T126	C0623362
27745773	1041	1046	assay	T059	C2717977
27745773	1048	1052	Data	T078	C1511726
27745773	1058	1066	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27745773	1073	1090	repeated-measures	T062	C0871881
27745773	1091	1096	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27745773	1110	1117	treated	T169	C1522326
27745773	1118	1124	groups	T078	C0441833
27745773	1132	1143	significant	T078	C0750502
27745773	1144	1152	decrease	T081	C0547047
27745773	1156	1159	CTX	T116	C1173299
27745773	1185	1191	dentin	T031	C0011429
27745773	1197	1201	ICTP	T116	C1101784
27745773	1217	1223	dentin	T031	C0011429
27745773	1225	1234	fragments	T116	C0030935
27745773	1261	1271	incubation	T059	C1439852
27745773	1272	1280	compared	T052	C1707455
27745773	1284	1291	control	T096	C0009932
27745773	1317	1323	dentin	T031	C0011429
27745773	1340	1343	GA5	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
27745773	1345	1348	GS5	T109,T121	C0772454
27745773	1353	1358	CR200	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
27745773	1359	1369	maintained	T169	C1314677
27745773	1376	1386	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27745773	1387	1393	effect	T080	C1280500
27745773	1409	1419	incubation	T059	C1439852
27745773	1425	1432	results	T034	C1254595
27745773	1451	1464	dry mass loss	T067	C1254366
27745773	1469	1477	relative	T080	C0205345
27745773	1478	1481	MMP	T116,T126	C0623362
27745773	1482	1490	activity	T044	C1148560
27745773	1515	1522	results	T033	C0683954
27745773	1531	1536	study	T062	C2603343
27745773	1555	1571	long-term effect	T067	C0023983
27745773	1580	1591	crosslinker	T130	C0010360
27745773	1596	1610	dose dependent	T081	C1512045

27746055|t|The course of cognitive functioning after first-episode of psychosis: A six month follow-up study
27746055|a|Our aim with the present study was to evaluate rank-order and mean-level cognitive functioning stability among first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, measured using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), over a six month period. We also aimed to examine longitudinal measurement invariance and identify factors-such as age, gender, educational level, treatment and psychopathological change scores -potentially linked to cognitive change among patients. In addition, correlations between objectively measured and subjectively evaluated cognitive functioning were estimated. Neuropsychological assessments were administered to 85 patients after the initial stabilisation of their psychosis; 82 of the patients were retested. Subjectively perceived cognitive functioning was measured using a subscale derived from the Estonian version of the Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Scale (SWN-K-E). On average, executive functioning and processing speed improved significantly, while memory test scores decreased significantly, over time. Very high rank-order stability (r=0.80 to 0.94, p<0.001) was observed with all measured ability scores. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the loadings of a single (broad ability) factor model were equal across both measurement occasions, but the lack of intercept invariance suggested that mean -level comparisons are more appropriately carried out at a subtest level. On average psychopathology scores and antipsychotics doses declined over time, with the latter also significantly correlating with better executive functioning. Gender was a significant moderator of some domains of cognitive performance, and decline tended to be somewhat more pronounced for women. The results also indicated the lack of any relationship between objective and subjective measurements of cognitive functioning.
27746055	14	35	cognitive functioning	T041	C0392335
27746055	42	55	first-episode	T079	C0439615
27746055	59	68	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27746055	82	97	follow-up study	T058	C3274571
27746055	145	155	rank-order	T062,T170	C0871206
27746055	171	192	cognitive functioning	T041	C0392335
27746055	193	202	stability	UnknownType	C0679855
27746055	209	222	first-episode	T079	C0439615
27746055	223	232	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27746055	234	237	FEP	T048	C0033975
27746055	239	247	patients	T101	C0025360
27746055	268	319	Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery	T074	C0025080
27746055	321	327	CANTAB	T074	C0025080
27746055	380	415	longitudinal measurement invariance	T081	C0392762
27746055	445	448	age	T032	C0001779
27746055	450	456	gender	T032	C0079399
27746055	458	475	educational level	T033	C0013658
27746055	477	486	treatment	T061	C0087111
27746055	491	509	psychopathological	T091	C0033927
27746055	510	516	change	T169	C0392747
27746055	517	523	scores	T081	C0449820
27746055	547	563	cognitive change	T048	C1392786
27746055	570	578	patients	T101	C0025360
27746055	614	634	objectively measured	T058	C0509852
27746055	639	661	subjectively evaluated	T080	C0439655
27746055	662	683	cognitive functioning	T041	C0392335
27746055	700	718	Neuropsychological	T091	C0027903
27746055	719	730	assessments	T058	C1261322
27746055	755	763	patients	T101	C0025360
27746055	782	795	stabilisation	T061	C1293130
27746055	805	814	psychosis	T048	C0033975
27746055	826	834	patients	T101	C0025360
27746055	873	894	cognitive functioning	T041	C0392335
27746055	942	1011	Estonian version of the Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Scale	T170	C0282574
27746055	1013	1020	SWN-K-E	T170	C0282574
27746055	1035	1056	executive functioning	T041	C0935584
27746055	1061	1077	processing speed	T041	C0870302
27746055	1108	1126	memory test scores	T081	C0392762
27746055	1168	1193	high rank-order stability	T062,T170	C0871206
27746055	1251	1265	ability scores	T081	C0392762
27746055	1267	1295	Confirmatory factor analysis	T080	C0870334
27746055	1382	1393	measurement	T169	C0242485
27746055	1421	1441	intercept invariance	T081	C0392762
27746055	1457	1461	mean	T081	C0444504
27746055	1469	1480	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27746055	1547	1562	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
27746055	1563	1569	scores	T081	C0449820
27746055	1574	1588	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
27746055	1589	1594	doses	T081	C0178602
27746055	1650	1661	correlating	T080	C1707520
27746055	1674	1695	executive functioning	T041	C0935584
27746055	1697	1703	Gender	T032	C0079399
27746055	1751	1772	cognitive performance	T041	C0392335
27746055	1778	1792	decline tended	T046	C0234985
27746055	1828	1833	women	T098	C0043210
27746055	1899	1908	objective	T058	C0509852
27746055	1913	1936	subjective measurements	T080	C0439655
27746055	1940	1961	cognitive functioning	T041	C0392335

27746068|t|Targeting postprandial blood sugar over fasting blood sugar: A clinic based comparative study
27746068|a|Recent studies indicate that modulation of post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) plays an important role in the long term glycemic control. Measurement of PPBS is more convenient for patients attending outpatient clinics than fasting blood sugar (FBS) as the former needs only two hours of fasting from the last meal. To assess the value of PPBS monitoring in optimization of long term glycemic control among diabetic patients attending an outpatient clinic. A total of 240 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) attending an out-patient medical clinic were randomized to either PPBS or FBS monitoring. Those who selected to PPBS - group underwent blood sugar measurement 2-h after last meal on the day of their clinic visits and those in the FBS group underwent blood sugar measurement after fasting overnight (8-10h) in the morning of their clinic visits. Treating team was asked to optimize the anti-diabetic medications based on the available PPBS or FBS results. All patients were followed up monthly for six months. Glycemic control was assessed with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at baseline and six months later. Baseline characteristics of the two arms including age, gender, and duration of T2DM were not significantly different. Mean HbA1c (SD) of FBS and PPBS arms at baseline were 7.20 (0.45), and 7.33 (0.43) and were not significantly different (P=0.115). During the study period, HbA1c dropped by 0.20 in FBS arm compared to 0.25 drop in PPBS arm (p=0.59). Incidence of hypoglycemia was similar in FBS (2.42%) and PPBS arms (2.70%). Monitoring of PPBS is a safe and effective alternative to FBS to optimize glycemic control in managing patients with T2DM attending outpatient clinics.
27746068	0	9	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27746068	10	34	postprandial blood sugar	T059	C0428569
27746068	40	59	fasting blood sugar	T059	C2825162
27746068	63	93	clinic based comparative study	T062	C1579762
27746068	123	133	modulation	T080	C0205419
27746068	137	162	post prandial blood sugar	T047	C0271710
27746068	164	168	PPBS	T047	C0271710
27746068	201	210	long term	T079	C0443252
27746068	211	227	glycemic control	T061	C3267174
27746068	229	248	Measurement of PPBS	T059	C0428569
27746068	257	267	convenient	T080	C3831015
27746068	272	280	patients	T101	C0030705
27746068	281	290	attending	T169	C0730262
27746068	291	309	outpatient clinics	T073,T093	C0029916
27746068	315	334	fasting blood sugar	T059	C2825162
27746068	336	339	FBS	T059	C2825162
27746068	355	360	needs	T080	C0027552
27746068	379	386	fasting	T033	C0015663
27746068	396	405	last meal	T033	C0578574
27746068	410	416	assess	T058	C0184514
27746068	430	434	PPBS	T059	C0428569
27746068	435	445	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27746068	449	461	optimization	T052	C2698650
27746068	465	474	long term	T079	C0443252
27746068	475	491	glycemic control	T061	C1638311
27746068	498	515	diabetic patients	T101	C0030705
27746068	516	525	attending	T169	C0730262
27746068	529	546	outpatient clinic	T073,T093	C0029916
27746068	563	571	patients	T101	C0030705
27746068	577	592	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27746068	594	598	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27746068	600	609	attending	T169	C0730262
27746068	613	639	out-patient medical clinic	T073,T093	C0029916
27746068	645	655	randomized	T033	C3815594
27746068	666	670	PPBS	T059	C0428569
27746068	674	677	FBS	T059	C2825162
27746068	678	688	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27746068	712	716	PPBS	T047	C0271710
27746068	719	724	group	T078	C0441833
27746068	735	758	blood sugar measurement	T059	C0428566
27746068	769	778	last meal	T056	C4048877
27746068	799	812	clinic visits	T058	C0008952
27746068	830	833	FBS	T047	C0271708
27746068	834	839	group	T078	C0441833
27746068	850	887	blood sugar measurement after fasting	T059	C2825162
27746068	888	897	overnight	T079	C0439583
27746068	913	920	morning	T079	C0332170
27746068	930	943	clinic visits	T058	C0008952
27746068	945	958	Treating team	T097	C4054830
27746068	985	1010	anti-diabetic medications	T121	C0935929
27746068	1034	1038	PPBS	T034	C1318329
27746068	1042	1053	FBS results	T034	C1261430
27746068	1059	1067	patients	T101	C0030705
27746068	1073	1084	followed up	T058	C1522577
27746068	1085	1092	monthly	T079	C0332177
27746068	1097	1107	six months	T079	C4082120
27746068	1109	1125	Glycemic control	T061	C3267174
27746068	1144	1167	glycosylated hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019018
27746068	1169	1174	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27746068	1179	1187	baseline	T081	C1442488
27746068	1192	1208	six months later	T079	C4082120
27746068	1210	1218	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27746068	1261	1264	age	T032	C0001779
27746068	1266	1272	gender	T032	C0079399
27746068	1278	1286	duration	T079	C0872146
27746068	1290	1294	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27746068	1300	1317	not significantly	T033	C1273937
27746068	1318	1327	different	T080	C1705242
27746068	1334	1339	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27746068	1348	1351	FBS	T059	C2825162
27746068	1356	1360	PPBS	T059	C0428569
27746068	1421	1438	not significantly	T033	C1273937
27746068	1439	1448	different	T080	C1705242
27746068	1485	1498	HbA1c dropped	T033	C0855304
27746068	1510	1513	FBS	T059	C0428568
27746068	1543	1547	PPBS	T059	C0428569
27746068	1562	1571	Incidence	T081	C0021149
27746068	1575	1587	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27746068	1603	1606	FBS	T059	C2825162
27746068	1619	1623	PPBS	T059	C0428569
27746068	1638	1648	Monitoring	T058	C1283169
27746068	1652	1656	PPBS	T047	C0271710
27746068	1671	1680	effective	T080	C1704419
27746068	1681	1692	alternative	T077	C1523987
27746068	1696	1699	FBS	T059	C2825162
27746068	1703	1711	optimize	T052	C2698650
27746068	1712	1728	glycemic control	T061	C3267174
27746068	1732	1740	managing	T058	C3165354
27746068	1741	1749	patients	T101	C0030705
27746068	1755	1759	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27746068	1760	1769	attending	T169	C0730262
27746068	1770	1788	outpatient clinics	T073,T093	C0029916

27746771|t|Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Oenococcus oeni Adaptation to Wine Stress Conditions
27746771|a|Oenococcus oeni, the main lactic acid bacteria responsible for malolactic fermentation in wine, has to adapt to stressful conditions, such as low pH and high ethanol content. In this study, the changes in the transcriptome and the proteome of O. oeni PSU-1 during the adaptation period before MLF start have been studied. DNA microarrays were used for the transcriptomic analysis and two complementary proteomic techniques, 2-D DIGE and iTRAQ labeling were used to analyze the proteomic response. One of the most influenced functions in PSU-1 due to inoculation into wine-like medium (WLM) was translation, showing the over-expression of certain ribosomal genes and the corresponding proteins. Amino acid metabolism and transport was also altered and several peptidases were up regulated both at gene and protein level. Certain proteins involved in glutamine and glutamate metabolism showed an increased abundance revealing the key role of nitrogen uptake under stressful conditions. A strong transcriptional inhibition of carbohydrate metabolism related genes was observed. On the other hand, the transcriptional up-regulation of malate transport and citrate consumption was indicative of the use of L-malate and citrate associated to stress response and as an alternative energy source to sugar metabolism. Regarding the stress mechanisms, our results support the relevance of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in the adaptation of O. oeni to wine related stress. Genes and proteins related to cell wall showed also significant changes indicating the relevance of the cell envelop as protective barrier to environmental stress. The differences found between transcriptomic and proteomic data suggested the relevance of post-transcriptional mechanisms and the complexity of the stress response in O. oeni adaptation. Further research should deepen into the metabolisms mostly altered due to wine conditions to elucidate the role of each mechanism in the O. oeni ability to develop MLF.
27746771	0	14	Transcriptomic	T059,T063	C0752248
27746771	19	37	Proteomic Analysis	T059	C1327760
27746771	41	56	Oenococcus oeni	T007	C0317713
27746771	57	67	Adaptation	T038	C0392673
27746771	71	75	Wine	T168	C0043188
27746771	76	93	Stress Conditions	T039	C0149784
27746771	94	109	Oenococcus oeni	T007	C0317713
27746771	120	140	lactic acid bacteria	T007	C0678170
27746771	141	156	responsible for	T078	C0392360
27746771	157	180	malolactic fermentation	T044	C1625137
27746771	184	188	wine	T168	C0043188
27746771	206	226	stressful conditions	T039	C0149784
27746771	236	239	low	T080	C0205251
27746771	240	242	pH	T081	C0020283
27746771	247	251	high	T080	C0205250
27746771	252	267	ethanol content	T081	C0683027
27746771	288	295	changes	T169	C0392747
27746771	303	316	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27746771	325	333	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
27746771	337	344	O. oeni	T007	C0317713
27746771	345	350	PSU-1	T001	C1518614
27746771	351	357	during	T079	C0347984
27746771	362	372	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27746771	373	379	period	T079	C1948053
27746771	387	390	MLF	T044	C1625137
27746771	407	414	studied	T062	C2603343
27746771	416	431	DNA microarrays	T075	C0600596
27746771	437	441	used	T169	C1524063
27746771	450	473	transcriptomic analysis	T059,T063	C0752248
27746771	496	516	proteomic techniques	T059	C1327760
27746771	518	526	2-D DIGE	T059	C2936240
27746771	531	545	iTRAQ labeling	T059	C1327760
27746771	551	555	used	T169	C1524063
27746771	559	566	analyze	T062	C0936012
27746771	571	580	proteomic	T116,T123	C0751973
27746771	581	589	response	T032	C0871261
27746771	607	617	influenced	T077	C4054723
27746771	618	627	functions	T169	C0542341
27746771	631	636	PSU-1	T001	C1518614
27746771	637	643	due to	T169	C0678226
27746771	661	677	wine-like medium	T168	C0043188
27746771	679	682	WLM	T168	C0043188
27746771	688	699	translation	UnknownType	C0678935
27746771	713	728	over-expression	T045	C0017262
27746771	732	739	certain	T080	C0205423
27746771	740	755	ribosomal genes	T028	C0035899
27746771	778	786	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27746771	788	809	Amino acid metabolism	T044	C0596076
27746771	814	823	transport	T043	C0596078
27746771	833	840	altered	T169	C0392747
27746771	845	852	several	T081	C0443302
27746771	853	863	peptidases	T116,T126	C0030940
27746771	869	881	up regulated	T045	C0162493
27746771	882	886	both	T080	C1706086
27746771	890	894	gene	T028	C0017337
27746771	899	912	protein level	T034	C0428479
27746771	914	921	Certain	T080	C0205423
27746771	922	930	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27746771	943	952	glutamine	T044	C1156814
27746771	957	977	glutamate metabolism	T044	C1156811
27746771	988	997	increased	T081	C0205217
27746771	1008	1017	revealing	T080	C0443289
27746771	1026	1030	role	T077	C1705810
27746771	1034	1049	nitrogen uptake	T033	C0243095
27746771	1056	1076	stressful conditions	T039	C0149784
27746771	1087	1113	transcriptional inhibition	T045	C1514673
27746771	1117	1140	carbohydrate metabolism	T044	C0302820
27746771	1149	1154	genes	T028	C0017337
27746771	1159	1167	observed	T169	C1441672
27746771	1192	1221	transcriptional up-regulation	T045	C0162493
27746771	1225	1241	malate transport	T043	C1159611
27746771	1246	1265	citrate consumption	T059	C0201956
27746771	1270	1283	indicative of	T078	C0392360
27746771	1288	1294	use of	T169	C1524063
27746771	1295	1303	L-malate	T109,T121	C2827428
27746771	1308	1315	citrate	T109,T121	C0376259
27746771	1316	1326	associated	T080	C0332281
27746771	1330	1345	stress response	T039	C0149784
27746771	1356	1367	alternative	T077	C1523987
27746771	1368	1381	energy source	T033	C0449417
27746771	1385	1401	sugar metabolism	T044	C1156862
27746771	1417	1423	stress	T039	C0149784
27746771	1424	1434	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27746771	1440	1447	results	T169	C1274040
27746771	1460	1469	relevance	T080	C2347946
27746771	1477	1488	thioredoxin	T116,T123	C0039938
27746771	1493	1504	glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
27746771	1505	1512	systems	T169	C0449913
27746771	1520	1530	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27746771	1534	1541	O. oeni	T007	C0317713
27746771	1545	1549	wine	T168	C0043188
27746771	1558	1564	stress	T039	C0149784
27746771	1566	1571	Genes	T028	C0017337
27746771	1576	1584	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27746771	1596	1605	cell wall	T026	C0007623
27746771	1618	1629	significant	T078	C0750502
27746771	1630	1637	changes	T169	C0392747
27746771	1638	1648	indicating	T033	C1444656
27746771	1653	1662	relevance	T080	C2347946
27746771	1670	1682	cell envelop	T026	C0243092
27746771	1708	1728	environmental stress	T067	C0871732
27746771	1734	1745	differences	T080	C1705242
27746771	1746	1751	found	T033	C0150312
27746771	1760	1774	transcriptomic	T081	C1956267
27746771	1779	1793	proteomic data	T034	C3463810
27746771	1794	1803	suggested	T078	C1705535
27746771	1808	1817	relevance	T080	C2347946
27746771	1821	1841	post-transcriptional	T045	C0040649
27746771	1842	1852	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27746771	1879	1894	stress response	T039	C0149784
27746771	1898	1905	O. oeni	T007	C0317713
27746771	1906	1916	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27746771	1958	1969	metabolisms	T040	C0025519
27746771	1977	1984	altered	T169	C0392747
27746771	1985	1991	due to	T169	C0678226
27746771	1992	1996	wine	T168	C0043188
27746771	1997	2007	conditions	T080	C0348080
27746771	2025	2029	role	T077	C1705810
27746771	2038	2047	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27746771	2055	2062	O. oeni	T007	C0317713
27746771	2063	2070	ability	T032	C0085732
27746771	2074	2081	develop	T169	C0442805
27746771	2082	2085	MLF	T044	C1625137

27746786|t|The Arabidopsis NMD Factor UPF3 Is Feedback-Regulated at Multiple Levels and Plays a Role in Plant Response to Salt Stress
27746786|a|Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic RNA surveillance mechanism that degrades aberrant transcripts and controls the levels of many normal mRNAs. It was shown that balanced expression of the NMD factor UPF3 is essential for the maintenance of proper NMD homeostasis in Arabidopsis. UPF3 expression is controlled by a negative feedback loop that exposes UPF3 transcript to NMD. It was shown that the long 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of UPF3 exposes its transcript to NMD. Long 3' UTRs that subject their transcripts to NMD were identified in several eukaryotic NMD factors. Interestingly, we show here that a construct that contains all the regulatory regions of the UPF3 gene except this long 3' UTR is also feedback-regulated by NMD. This indicates that UPF3 expression is feedback-regulated at multiple levels. UPF3 is constitutively expressed in different plant tissue s, and its expression is equal in leaves of plants of different ages. This finding is in agreement with the possibility that UPF3 is ubiquitously operative in the Arabidopsis NMD pathway. Expression mediated by the regulatory regions of UPF3 is significantly induced by salt stress. We found that both a deficiency and a strong excess of UPF3 expression are detrimental to plant resistance to salt stress. This indicates that UPF3 plays a role in plant response to salt stress, and that balanced expression of the UPF3 gene is essential for coping with this stress.
27746786	4	15	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
27746786	16	19	NMD	T045	C1158013
27746786	20	31	Factor UPF3	T028	C0017337
27746786	35	53	Feedback-Regulated	T038	C1327622
27746786	57	72	Multiple Levels	T080	C0441889
27746786	93	98	Plant	T002	C0032098
27746786	99	122	Response to Salt Stress	T043	C1154956
27746786	123	151	Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay	T045	C1158013
27746786	153	156	NMD	T045	C1158013
27746786	163	173	eukaryotic	T204	C0684063
27746786	174	177	RNA	T114	C0035668
27746786	178	200	surveillance mechanism	T044	C0678659
27746786	215	235	aberrant transcripts	T114	C1519595
27746786	275	280	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27746786	300	319	balanced expression	T045	C0017262
27746786	327	330	NMD	T045	C1158013
27746786	331	342	factor UPF3	T028	C0017337
27746786	364	375	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27746786	386	389	NMD	T045	C1158013
27746786	390	401	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27746786	405	416	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
27746786	418	433	UPF3 expression	T045	C0017262
27746786	453	470	negative feedback	UnknownType	C0678665
27746786	489	504	UPF3 transcript	T114	C1519595
27746786	508	511	NMD	T045	C1158013
27746786	540	562	3' untranslated region	T086,T123	C0600600
27746786	564	570	3' UTR	T086,T123	C0600600
27746786	575	579	UPF3	T028	C0017337
27746786	592	602	transcript	T114	C1519595
27746786	606	609	NMD	T045	C1158013
27746786	616	623	3' UTRs	T086,T123	C0600600
27746786	643	654	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27746786	658	661	NMD	T045	C1158013
27746786	689	699	eukaryotic	T204	C0684063
27746786	700	703	NMD	T045	C1158013
27746786	780	798	regulatory regions	T114,T123	C1138413
27746786	806	815	UPF3 gene	T028	C0017337
27746786	833	839	3' UTR	T086,T123	C0600600
27746786	848	866	feedback-regulated	T038	C1327622
27746786	870	873	NMD	T045	C1158013
27746786	880	889	indicates	T033	C1444656
27746786	895	910	UPF3 expression	T045	C0017262
27746786	914	932	feedback-regulated	T038	C1327622
27746786	936	951	multiple levels	T080	C0441889
27746786	953	957	UPF3	T028	C0017337
27746786	976	985	expressed	T045	C0017262
27746786	999	1011	plant tissue	T025	C1514137
27746786	1023	1033	expression	T045	C0017262
27746786	1046	1062	leaves of plants	T002	C0242724
27746786	1137	1141	UPF3	T028	C0017337
27746786	1145	1167	ubiquitously operative	T079	C1882154
27746786	1175	1186	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
27746786	1187	1190	NMD	T045	C1158013
27746786	1191	1198	pathway	T044	C1704259
27746786	1200	1210	Expression	T045	C0017262
27746786	1227	1245	regulatory regions	T114,T123	C1138413
27746786	1249	1253	UPF3	T028	C0017337
27746786	1282	1293	salt stress	T043	C1154956
27746786	1316	1326	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27746786	1340	1346	excess	T080	C1979886
27746786	1350	1365	UPF3 expression	T045	C0017262
27746786	1385	1401	plant resistance	T039	C1514892
27746786	1405	1416	salt stress	T043	C1154956
27746786	1423	1432	indicates	T033	C1444656
27746786	1438	1442	UPF3	T028	C0017337
27746786	1459	1464	plant	T002	C0032098
27746786	1465	1488	response to salt stress	T043	C1154956
27746786	1499	1518	balanced expression	T045	C0017262
27746786	1526	1535	UPF3 gene	T028	C0017337
27746786	1570	1576	stress	T043	C1154956

27747996|t|Navigating through apertures: perceptual judgements and actions of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder
27747996|a|Passing through a narrow gap / aperture involves a perceptual judgement regarding the size of the gap and an action to pass through. Children with DCD are known to have difficulties with perceptual judgements in near space but whether this extends to far space is unknown. Furthermore, in a recent study it was found that adults with DCD do not scale movements when walking through an aperture in the same way as their peers. The current study, therefore, considered perceptual judgements and motor behaviour of children with DCD while looking at or walking through apertures. Twenty-nine children with DCD and 29 typically developing (TD) children took part. In Experiment 1, participants completed a perceptual task, where they made passability judgements. Children with DCD showed a significantly smaller critical ratio (aperture size at which a participant first rotates the shoulders to pass through) compared to their TD peers. In Experiment 2, participants completed an action task where they walked through the same apertures. Children with DCD showed a significantly larger critical ratio than TD peers when body size alone was accounted for. Taken together these results suggest that perception within a static context is different from that within a dynamic context for children with DCD. However, despite this difference we have demonstrated a clear relationship between perception and action in children with DCD. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/SABXFrAJtF8.
27747996	0	10	Navigating	T052	C2827562
27747996	11	18	through	T169	C0332273
27747996	19	28	apertures	T082	C1882151
27747996	30	40	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27747996	41	51	judgements	T041	C0022423
27747996	56	63	actions	T053	C0004927
27747996	67	75	children	T100	C0008059
27747996	81	116	Developmental Coordination Disorder	T048	C0011757
27747996	117	132	Passing through	T169	C0332286
27747996	135	141	narrow	T080	C0333164
27747996	142	145	gap	T082	C3887622
27747996	148	156	aperture	T082	C1882151
27747996	168	178	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27747996	179	188	judgement	T041	C0022423
27747996	203	207	size	T082	C0456389
27747996	215	218	gap	T082	C3887622
27747996	226	232	action	T053	C0004927
27747996	236	248	pass through	T169	C0332286
27747996	250	258	Children	T100	C0008059
27747996	264	267	DCD	T048	C0011757
27747996	286	298	difficulties	T080	C0332218
27747996	304	314	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27747996	315	325	judgements	T041	C0022423
27747996	329	333	near	T080	C1706276
27747996	334	339	space	T082	C1883067
27747996	357	364	extends	T169	C0231448
27747996	372	377	space	T082	C1883067
27747996	381	388	unknown	T080	C0439673
27747996	408	414	recent	T079	C0332185
27747996	415	420	study	T062	C2603343
27747996	428	433	found	T033	C0150312
27747996	439	445	adults	T100	C0001675
27747996	451	454	DCD	T048	C0011757
27747996	458	461	not	T169	C1518422
27747996	462	467	scale	T052	C1947916
27747996	468	477	movements	T040	C0026649
27747996	483	490	walking	T056	C0080331
27747996	491	498	through	T169	C0332273
27747996	502	510	aperture	T082	C1882151
27747996	518	522	same	T080	C0445247
27747996	523	526	way	T082	C0449444
27747996	536	541	peers	T053	C0863179
27747996	547	554	current	T079	C0521116
27747996	555	560	study	T062	C2603343
27747996	573	583	considered	T078	C0750591
27747996	584	594	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27747996	595	605	judgements	T041	C0022423
27747996	610	625	motor behaviour	T056	C0026606
27747996	629	637	children	T100	C0008059
27747996	643	646	DCD	T048	C0011757
27747996	653	660	looking	T052	C1947903
27747996	667	674	walking	T056	C0080331
27747996	675	682	through	T169	C0332273
27747996	683	692	apertures	T082	C1882151
27747996	706	723	children with DCD	T100	C0008059
27747996	731	765	typically developing (TD) children	T100	C0008059
27747996	766	775	took part	T169	C0679823
27747996	780	792	Experiment 1	T062	C0681814
27747996	794	806	participants	T098	C0679646
27747996	807	816	completed	T080	C0205197
27747996	819	829	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27747996	830	834	task	T169	C1317878
27747996	847	851	made	T169	C1881534
27747996	852	863	passability	T169	C0332324
27747996	864	874	judgements	T041	C0022423
27747996	876	884	Children	T100	C0008059
27747996	890	893	DCD	T048	C0011757
27747996	903	916	significantly	T078	C0750502
27747996	917	924	smaller	T080	C0547044
27747996	925	939	critical ratio	T081	C0456603
27747996	941	949	aperture	T082	C1882151
27747996	950	954	size	T082	C0456389
27747996	966	977	participant	T098	C0679646
27747996	978	983	first	T080	C1279901
27747996	984	991	rotates	T082	C0231458
27747996	996	1005	shoulders	T029	C0037004
27747996	1009	1021	pass through	T169	C0332286
27747996	1023	1031	compared	T052	C1707455
27747996	1041	1043	TD	T100	C0008059
27747996	1044	1049	peers	T053	C0863179
27747996	1054	1066	Experiment 2	T062	C0681814
27747996	1068	1080	participants	T098	C0679646
27747996	1081	1090	completed	T080	C0205197
27747996	1094	1100	action	T053	C0004927
27747996	1101	1105	task	T169	C1317878
27747996	1117	1123	walked	T056	C0080331
27747996	1124	1131	through	T169	C0332273
27747996	1136	1140	same	T080	C0445247
27747996	1141	1150	apertures	T082	C1882151
27747996	1152	1160	Children	T100	C0008059
27747996	1166	1169	DCD	T048	C0011757
27747996	1179	1192	significantly	T078	C0750502
27747996	1193	1199	larger	T081	C0549177
27747996	1200	1214	critical ratio	T081	C0456603
27747996	1220	1222	TD	T100	C0008059
27747996	1223	1228	peers	T053	C0863179
27747996	1234	1243	body size	T032	C0005901
27747996	1290	1297	results	T169	C1274040
27747996	1298	1305	suggest	T078	C1705535
27747996	1311	1321	perception	T041	C0030971
27747996	1331	1337	static	T080	C0441463
27747996	1338	1345	context	T078	C0449255
27747996	1349	1358	different	T080	C1705242
27747996	1369	1375	within	T082	C0332285
27747996	1378	1385	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27747996	1386	1393	context	T078	C0449255
27747996	1398	1406	children	T100	C0008059
27747996	1412	1415	DCD	T048	C0011757
27747996	1439	1449	difference	T080	C1705242
27747996	1458	1470	demonstrated	T052	C3687625
27747996	1479	1491	relationship	T080	C0439849
27747996	1492	1499	between	T082	C0205103
27747996	1500	1510	perception	T041	C0030971
27747996	1515	1521	action	T053	C0004927
27747996	1525	1533	children	T100	C0008059
27747996	1539	1542	DCD	T048	C0011757

27748242|t|Sleep Quantity and Quality during Acute Concussion: A Pilot Study
27748242|a|A number of subjective and objective studies provide compelling evidence of chronic post-concussion changes in sleep, yet very little is known about the acute effects of concussion on sleep quality and quantity. Therefore, the purpose of this prospective pilot study was to use actigraphy to examine the changes in sleep quality and quantity acutely following concussion at home rather than in a hospital or sleep laboratory. Seventeen young adults (7 with acute concussion, 10 controls) were recruited for this study. All participants completed two 5- day testing sessions separated by 30 days from intake (controls) or day of injury (concussion). Participants wore actigraphs and kept a sleep journal. Sleep parameter outcomes included nighttime total sleep time (nTST), 24- h total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE). The coefficient of variation (CV) for each sleep parameter was computed for each session. nTST and TST CV was significantly greater in the concussion group. There is the additional indication that individuals with a concussion may require and obtain more sleep shortly after injury and subsequently have a shorter duration of sleep at 1 mo post-injury. This pattern was not seen in the measures of sleep quality (WASO, SE). Individuals with a concussion demonstrated increased nighttime sleep duration variability. This increase persisted at 1 mo post-injury and may be associated with previously documented self-reports of poor sleep quality lasting months and years after a concussion. Additionally, this increase may predispose individuals to numerous negative health outcomes if left untreated.
27748242	0	5	Sleep	T040	C0037313
27748242	6	14	Quantity	T081	C1265611
27748242	19	26	Quality	T080	C0332306
27748242	34	39	Acute	T079	C0205178
27748242	40	50	Concussion	T047	C1399624
27748242	54	65	Pilot Study	T062	C0031928
27748242	103	110	studies	T062	C2603343
27748242	142	149	chronic	T079	C0205191
27748242	150	165	post-concussion	T079	C1254367
27748242	177	182	sleep	T040	C0037313
27748242	219	224	acute	T079	C0205178
27748242	236	246	concussion	T047	C1399624
27748242	250	255	sleep	T040	C0037313
27748242	256	263	quality	T080	C0332306
27748242	268	276	quantity	T081	C1265611
27748242	309	320	prospective	T062	C0033522
27748242	321	332	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27748242	344	354	actigraphy	T060	C1171301
27748242	358	365	examine	T058	C0031809
27748242	381	386	sleep	T040	C0037313
27748242	387	394	quality	T080	C0332306
27748242	399	407	quantity	T081	C1265611
27748242	426	436	concussion	T047	C1399624
27748242	440	444	home	T082	C0442519
27748242	462	470	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27748242	474	479	sleep	T040	C0037313
27748242	480	490	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27748242	502	514	young adults	T100	C0238598
27748242	523	528	acute	T079	C0205178
27748242	529	539	concussion	T047	C1399624
27748242	544	552	controls	T096	C0009932
27748242	578	583	study	T062	C2603343
27748242	589	601	participants	T098	C0679646
27748242	619	622	day	T079	C0439228
27748242	623	630	testing	T169	C0039593
27748242	656	660	days	T079	C0439228
27748242	674	682	controls	T096	C0009932
27748242	687	690	day	T079	C0439228
27748242	694	700	injury	T037	C3263722
27748242	702	712	concussion	T047	C1399624
27748242	715	727	Participants	T098	C0679646
27748242	733	743	actigraphs	T074	C1139952
27748242	755	768	sleep journal	T170	C0034869
27748242	770	775	Sleep	T040	C0037313
27748242	786	794	outcomes	T062	C0086750
27748242	804	830	nighttime total sleep time	T033	C1822180
27748242	832	836	nTST	T033	C1822180
27748242	843	844	h	T079	C0439227
27748242	845	861	total sleep time	T033	C1822180
27748242	863	866	TST	T033	C1822180
27748242	869	891	wake after sleep onset	T033	C0243095
27748242	893	897	WASO	T033	C0243095
27748242	904	920	sleep efficiency	T033	C0518595
27748242	922	924	SE	T033	C0518595
27748242	931	955	coefficient of variation	T081	C0681921
27748242	957	959	CV	T081	C0681921
27748242	970	975	sleep	T040	C0037313
27748242	990	998	computed	T059	C1441526
27748242	1017	1021	nTST	T033	C1822180
27748242	1026	1029	TST	T033	C1822180
27748242	1030	1032	CV	T081	C0681921
27748242	1066	1076	concussion	T047	C1399624
27748242	1077	1082	group	T098	C1257890
27748242	1124	1135	individuals	T098	C0027361
27748242	1143	1153	concussion	T047	C1399624
27748242	1182	1187	sleep	T040	C0037313
27748242	1202	1208	injury	T037	C3263722
27748242	1213	1225	subsequently	T079	C0332282
27748242	1241	1258	duration of sleep	T033	C0424574
27748242	1264	1266	mo	T079	C0439231
27748242	1267	1278	post-injury	T079	C1254367
27748242	1325	1330	sleep	T040	C0037313
27748242	1331	1338	quality	T080	C0332306
27748242	1340	1344	WASO	T033	C0243095
27748242	1346	1348	SE	T033	C0518595
27748242	1351	1362	Individuals	T098	C0027361
27748242	1370	1380	concussion	T047	C1399624
27748242	1414	1428	sleep duration	T033	C0424574
27748242	1429	1440	variability	T077	C2827666
27748242	1471	1473	mo	T079	C0439231
27748242	1474	1485	post-injury	T079	C1254367
27748242	1524	1534	documented	T058	C1301725
27748242	1535	1547	self-reports	T062	C2700446
27748242	1551	1569	poor sleep quality	T046	C1262141
27748242	1578	1584	months	T079	C0439231
27748242	1589	1594	years	T079	C0439234
27748242	1603	1613	concussion	T047	C1399624
27748242	1658	1669	individuals	T098	C0027361
27748242	1682	1690	negative	T033	C0205160
27748242	1691	1706	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27748242	1715	1724	untreated	T033	C0332155

27748824|t|Cardiovascular diseases related to ionizing radiation: The risk of low - dose exposure (Review)
27748824|a|Traditionally, non-cancer diseases are not considered as health risks following exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation. Indeed, non-cancer diseases are classified as deterministic tissue reactions, which are characterized by a threshold dose. It is judged that below an absorbed dose of 100 mGy, no clinically relevant tissue damage occurs, forming the basis for the current radiation protection system concerning non-cancer effects. Recent epidemiological findings point, however, to an excess risk of non-cancer diseases following exposure to lower doses of ionizing radiation than was previously thought. The evidence is the most sound for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cataract. Due to limited statistical power, the dose - risk relationship is undetermined below 0.5 Gy; however, if this relationship proves to be without a threshold, it may have considerable impact on current low ‑ dose health risk estimates. In this review, we describe the CVD risk related to low doses of ionizing radiation, the clinical manifestation and the pathology of radiation-induced CVD, as well as the importance of the endothelium models in CVD research as a way forward to complement the epidemiological data with the underlying biological and molecular mechanisms.
27748824	0	23	Cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
27748824	35	53	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
27748824	59	63	risk	T078	C0035647
27748824	67	70	low	T080	C0205251
27748824	73	77	dose	T081	C0034524
27748824	78	86	exposure	T080	C0332157
27748824	88	94	Review	T170	C0282443
27748824	111	121	non-cancer	T033	C3898132
27748824	122	130	diseases	T047	C0012634
27748824	153	159	health	T078	C0018684
27748824	160	165	risks	T078	C0035647
27748824	176	187	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27748824	188	191	low	T080	C0205251
27748824	192	197	doses	T081	C0034524
27748824	201	219	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
27748824	229	239	non-cancer	T033	C3898132
27748824	240	248	diseases	T047	C0012634
27748824	267	297	deterministic tissue reactions	T033	C1708386
27748824	328	337	threshold	T080	C0449864
27748824	338	342	dose	T081	C0034524
27748824	371	384	absorbed dose	T081	C0556643
27748824	400	410	clinically	T080	C0205210
27748824	411	419	relevant	T080	C2347946
27748824	420	433	tissue damage	T037	C0010957
27748824	434	440	occurs	T052	C1709305
27748824	468	475	current	T079	C0521116
27748824	476	503	radiation protection system	T061	C0034533
27748824	515	533	non-cancer effects	T080	C1280500
27748824	542	557	epidemiological	T169	C1516907
27748824	589	595	excess	T080	C1979886
27748824	596	600	risk	T078	C0035647
27748824	604	614	non-cancer	T033	C3898132
27748824	615	623	diseases	T047	C0012634
27748824	634	645	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27748824	646	651	lower	T080	C0205251
27748824	652	657	doses	T081	C0034524
27748824	661	679	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
27748824	713	721	evidence	T078	C3887511
27748824	744	766	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27748824	768	771	CVD	T047	C0007222
27748824	777	785	cataract	T020	C0086543
27748824	794	801	limited	T169	C0439801
27748824	802	819	statistical power	T062	C0814897
27748824	825	829	dose	T081	C0034524
27748824	832	836	risk	T078	C0035647
27748824	837	849	relationship	T080	C0439849
27748824	853	865	undetermined	T080	C3536725
27748824	897	909	relationship	T080	C0439849
27748824	923	930	without	T080	C0332288
27748824	933	942	threshold	T080	C0449864
27748824	969	975	impact	T080	C4049986
27748824	979	986	current	T079	C0521116
27748824	987	990	low	T080	C0205251
27748824	993	997	dose	T081	C0034524
27748824	998	1004	health	T078	C0018684
27748824	1005	1009	risk	T078	C0035647
27748824	1010	1019	estimates	T081	C0750572
27748824	1029	1035	review	T170	C0282443
27748824	1053	1056	CVD	T047	C0007222
27748824	1057	1061	risk	T078	C0035647
27748824	1073	1076	low	T080	C0205251
27748824	1077	1082	doses	T081	C0034524
27748824	1086	1104	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
27748824	1110	1118	clinical	T080	C0205210
27748824	1119	1132	manifestation	T169	C0205319
27748824	1141	1150	pathology	T046	C0677042
27748824	1154	1175	radiation-induced CVD	T047	C1527225
27748824	1210	1221	endothelium	T024	C0014257
27748824	1222	1228	models	T050	C1519523
27748824	1232	1235	CVD	T047	C0007222
27748824	1236	1244	research	T062	C0035168
27748824	1280	1295	epidemiological	T169	C0014508
27748824	1296	1300	data	T078	C1511726
27748824	1321	1331	biological	T080	C0205460
27748824	1336	1345	molecular	T080	C1521991
27748824	1346	1356	mechanisms	T169	C0441712

27748842|t|Downregulation of ZEB2-AS1 decreased tumor growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma
27748842|a|Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and prognosis remains poor. Previous studies have suggested that long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may be key regulators of tumor development and progression in HCC. It has been determined that 61‑72% of transcribed regions contain lncRNAs in the antisense orientation (aslncRNAs). However, the function of aslncRNAs in HCC remains to be elucidated. The present study investigated the function of the aslncRNA zinc finger E‑box binding homeobox 2 antisense RNA 1 (ZEB2‑AS1) in 40 HCC tissues and 5 different human HCC cell lines using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, the expression levels of ZEB2‑AS1 were downregulated by transfection of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to determine whether ZEB2‑AS1 is capable of affecting cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis by regulating ZEB2, vimentin, fibronectin, E‑cadherin and N‑cadherin expression levels. The results of the present study demonstrated that the expression levels of ZEB2‑AS1 were greater in HCC tissues when compared with the adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, ZEB2‑AS1 expression was significantly associated with the size of the primary tumor, intrahepatic metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis stage. The Kaplan‑Meier survival curves suggested that patients with high ZEB2‑AS1 expression levels experienced the lowest overall and recurrence‑free survival rates compared with those that had low expression levels. In addition, the current study demonstrated that the downregulation of ZEB2‑AS1 was associated with decreased tumor growth and metastasis in HCC by the regulation of the expression levels of epithelial mesenchymal transition - induced markers. In conclusion, lncRNA ZEB2‑AS1 may be used as a valuable biomarker in patients with HCC.
27748842	0	14	Downregulation	T044	C0013081
27748842	18	26	ZEB2-AS1	T028	C2829215
27748842	27	36	decreased	T081	C0205216
27748842	37	49	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27748842	54	64	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27748842	68	92	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27748842	93	117	Hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27748842	119	122	HCC	T191	C2239176
27748842	164	170	cancer	T191	C0006826
27748842	185	207	prognosis remains poor	T033	C0278252
27748842	246	266	long non‑coding RNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27748842	268	275	lncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27748842	288	298	regulators	T077	C1704735
27748842	302	307	tumor	T191	C0027651
27748842	308	319	development	T169	C1527148
27748842	324	335	progression	T191	C0178874
27748842	339	342	HCC	T191	C2239176
27748842	382	393	transcribed	T045	C0040649
27748842	394	401	regions	T082	C0205147
27748842	410	417	lncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27748842	425	446	antisense orientation	T169	C1879714
27748842	448	457	aslncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27748842	473	481	function	T169	C0542341
27748842	485	494	aslncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27748842	498	501	HCC	T191	C2239176
27748842	546	558	investigated	T169	C1292732
27748842	563	571	function	T169	C0542341
27748842	579	587	aslncRNA	T114,T123	C3494264
27748842	588	640	zinc finger E‑box binding homeobox 2 antisense RNA 1	T028	C2829215
27748842	642	650	ZEB2‑AS1	T028	C2829215
27748842	658	661	HCC	T191	C2239176
27748842	662	669	tissues	T024	C0475358
27748842	686	691	human	T016	C0086418
27748842	692	695	HCC	T191	C2239176
27748842	696	706	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27748842	713	773	reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1514628
27748842	793	810	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27748842	814	822	ZEB2‑AS1	T028	C2829215
27748842	828	841	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27748842	845	857	transfection	T045	C0314641
27748842	861	883	small interfering RNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
27748842	885	891	siRNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
27748842	914	922	ZEB2‑AS1	T028	C2829215
27748842	937	946	affecting	T169	C0392760
27748842	947	965	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27748842	967	975	invasion	T046	C2699153
27748842	980	990	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27748842	1005	1009	ZEB2	T116,T123	C1505468
27748842	1011	1019	vimentin	T116,T123	C0042666
27748842	1021	1032	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
27748842	1034	1044	E‑cadherin	T116,T123	C0042172
27748842	1049	1059	N‑cadherin	T116,T123	C0027215
27748842	1060	1077	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27748842	1134	1151	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27748842	1155	1163	ZEB2‑AS1	T028	C2829215
27748842	1169	1176	greater	T081	C1704243
27748842	1180	1183	HCC	T191	C2239176
27748842	1184	1191	tissues	T024	C0475358
27748842	1224	1238	normal tissues	T024	C0040300
27748842	1253	1261	ZEB2‑AS1	T028	C2829215
27748842	1262	1272	expression	T045	C0017262
27748842	1291	1306	associated with	T080	C0332281
27748842	1311	1336	size of the primary tumor	T082	C0475440
27748842	1338	1350	intrahepatic	T082	C1512948
27748842	1351	1361	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27748842	1366	1393	tumor-node-metastasis stage	T185	C1302362
27748842	1399	1427	Kaplan‑Meier survival curves	T081	C1720944
27748842	1443	1451	patients	T101	C0030705
27748842	1462	1470	ZEB2‑AS1	T028	C2829215
27748842	1471	1488	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27748842	1505	1511	lowest	T080	C1708760
27748842	1512	1519	overall	T081	C0038954
27748842	1524	1554	recurrence‑free survival rates	T081	C0392762
27748842	1555	1563	compared	T052	C1707455
27748842	1584	1587	low	T080	C0205251
27748842	1588	1605	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27748842	1660	1674	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27748842	1678	1686	ZEB2‑AS1	T028	C2829215
27748842	1691	1706	associated with	T080	C0332281
27748842	1707	1716	decreased	T081	C0205216
27748842	1717	1729	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27748842	1734	1744	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27748842	1748	1751	HCC	T191	C2239176
27748842	1777	1794	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27748842	1798	1831	epithelial mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27748842	1834	1841	induced	T169	C0205263
27748842	1842	1849	markers	T201	C0005516
27748842	1866	1872	lncRNA	T114,T123	C3494264
27748842	1873	1881	ZEB2‑AS1	T028	C2829215
27748842	1908	1917	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27748842	1921	1929	patients	T101	C0030705
27748842	1935	1938	HCC	T191	C2239176

27749081|t|Dependence of Intestinal Absorption Profile of Insulin on Carrier Morphology Composed of β-Cyclodextrin-Grafted Chitosan
27749081|a|The effect of carrier morphology on the intestinal absorption of insulin was investigated using a morphology-tunable polymeric carrier, β-cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan (BCC). The insulin - BCC complexes were prepared in either acetate or citrate buffer solutions, followed by dilution with phosphate buffer for the administration. The complex had a molecular network structure in the acetate buffer, whereas nanoparticles formed in the citrate buffer. The network structure in the acetate buffer was maintained even after dilution with a phosphate buffer, but the nanoparticles in the citrate buffer caused aggregation after dilution. Both complexes enhanced the intestinal absorption of insulin. Interestingly, their absorption profiles were totally different; prompt absorption was observed for the complex prepared in acetate buffer, whereas sustained absorption was observed for the complex prepared in citrate buffer. The difference in the absorption patterns was attributed to the difference in the complex morphology. Next, penetratin, a cell-penetrating peptide, was grafted to BCC to find further improvement in the absorption behavior. A simple mixture of penetratin and BCC was also effective. An oral administration study was also conducted in mice to observe effective suppression of glucose levels, which was further enhanced by coadministration of penetratin. Thus, BCC was proven to be an effective carrier for enhancing oral absorption of peptide drugs, and it is suggested that the carrier morphology is also an important factor that influences the absorption profile.
27749081	14	35	Intestinal Absorption	T042	C0021826
27749081	36	43	Profile	T169	C2003903
27749081	47	54	Insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27749081	58	65	Carrier	T122	C0013161
27749081	66	76	Morphology	T080	C0332437
27749081	89	120	β-Cyclodextrin-Grafted Chitosan	T122	C0013161
27749081	135	142	carrier	T122	C0013161
27749081	143	153	morphology	T080	C0332437
27749081	161	182	intestinal absorption	T042	C0021826
27749081	186	193	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27749081	219	255	morphology-tunable polymeric carrier	T122	C0013161
27749081	257	288	β-cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan	T122	C0013161
27749081	290	293	BCC	T122	C0013161
27749081	300	307	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27749081	310	313	BCC	T122	C0013161
27749081	314	323	complexes	T104	C1704241
27749081	348	355	acetate	T121,T130	C3826632
27749081	359	383	citrate buffer solutions	T121,T130	C3826632
27749081	397	405	dilution	T059	C0079240
27749081	411	427	phosphate buffer	T121,T130	C3826632
27749081	436	450	administration	T061	C1533734
27749081	456	463	complex	T104	C1704241
27749081	470	497	molecular network structure	T170	C0220807
27749081	505	519	acetate buffer	T121,T130	C3826632
27749081	529	542	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27749081	557	571	citrate buffer	T121,T130	C3826632
27749081	577	594	network structure	T170	C0220807
27749081	602	616	acetate buffer	T121,T130	C3826632
27749081	643	651	dilution	T059	C0079240
27749081	659	675	phosphate buffer	T121,T130	C3826632
27749081	685	698	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27749081	706	720	citrate buffer	T121,T130	C3826632
27749081	728	739	aggregation	T169	C0332621
27749081	746	754	dilution	T059	C0079240
27749081	761	770	complexes	T104	C1704241
27749081	784	805	intestinal absorption	T042	C0021826
27749081	809	816	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27749081	839	849	absorption	T042	C0021826
27749081	850	858	profiles	T169	C2003903
27749081	890	900	absorption	T042	C0021826
27749081	922	929	complex	T104	C1704241
27749081	942	956	acetate buffer	T121,T130	C3826632
27749081	976	986	absorption	T042	C0021826
27749081	1008	1015	complex	T104	C1704241
27749081	1028	1042	citrate buffer	T121,T130	C3826632
27749081	1066	1076	absorption	T042	C0021826
27749081	1126	1133	complex	T104	C1704241
27749081	1134	1144	morphology	T080	C0332437
27749081	1152	1162	penetratin	T116	C0961324
27749081	1166	1190	cell-penetrating peptide	T116	C2936243
27749081	1207	1210	BCC	T122	C0013161
27749081	1246	1256	absorption	T042	C0021826
27749081	1287	1297	penetratin	T116	C0961324
27749081	1302	1305	BCC	T122	C0013161
27749081	1329	1348	oral administration	T061	C0001563
27749081	1377	1381	mice	T015	C0026809
27749081	1418	1432	glucose levels	T034	C0428548
27749081	1464	1480	coadministration	T061	C1533734
27749081	1484	1494	penetratin	T116	C0961324
27749081	1502	1505	BCC	T122	C0013161
27749081	1536	1543	carrier	T122	C0013161
27749081	1558	1562	oral	T030	C0226896
27749081	1563	1573	absorption	T070	C0000854
27749081	1577	1584	peptide	T116	C0030956
27749081	1585	1590	drugs	T121	C1254351
27749081	1621	1628	carrier	T122	C0013161
27749081	1629	1639	morphology	T080	C0332437
27749081	1688	1698	absorption	T042	C0021826
27749081	1699	1706	profile	T169	C2003903

27749392|t|Combined ultrasound and exome sequencing approach recognizes Opitz G/BBB syndrome in two malformed fetuses
27749392|a|Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies and can occur as an isolated defect or be associated with other anomalies such as posterior fossa anomalies as a part of several genetic syndromes. We report two consecutive voluntary pregnancy interruptions in a nonconsanguineous couple following the fetal ultrasound finding of cleft lip and palate and posterior fossa anomalies confirmed by means of post-termination examination on the second fetus. The quantitative fluorescent PCR, the karyotype, and the comparative genomic hybridization-array analysis after amniocentesis were normal. Exome sequencing on abortive material from both fetuses detected a missense mutation in MID1, resulting in a clinical diagnosis of Opitz G/BBB syndrome. The same mutation was found in the mother and in her brother, who both revealed cerebellar anomalies at an MRI examination. Our study supports the efficacy of exome sequencing in the presence of both a family history suggestive of an inherited disorder and well-documented ultrasound findings. It reveals the importance of a synergistic effort between gynecologists and geneticists aimed at the integration of the most sophisticated ultrasound techniques with the next-generation sequencing tools to provide a definite diagnosis essential to orient the final decision and to estimate a proper recurrence risk.
27749392	0	8	Combined	T080	C0205195
27749392	9	19	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27749392	24	40	exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
27749392	41	49	approach	T082	C0449445
27749392	61	81	Opitz G/BBB syndrome	T047	C1801950
27749392	89	98	malformed	T080	C4086590
27749392	99	106	fetuses	T018	C0015965
27749392	107	123	Orofacial clefts	T019	C3266076
27749392	144	154	congenital	T080	C1744681
27749392	155	177	craniofacial anomalies	T019	C0376634
27749392	186	191	occur	T052	C1709305
27749392	198	206	isolated	T169	C0205409
27749392	207	213	defect	T169	C1457869
27749392	220	235	associated with	T080	C0332281
27749392	242	251	anomalies	T019	C0000768
27749392	260	285	posterior fossa anomalies	T033	C3280768
27749392	307	324	genetic syndromes	T047	C0567439
27749392	329	335	report	T058	C0700287
27749392	352	361	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27749392	362	371	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27749392	372	385	interruptions	T079	C1512900
27749392	391	415	nonconsanguineous couple	UnknownType	C0683568
27749392	430	446	fetal ultrasound	T060	C0162502
27749392	447	454	finding	T033	C0243095
27749392	458	467	cleft lip	T019	C0008924
27749392	472	478	palate	T019	C0008925
27749392	483	508	posterior fossa anomalies	T033	C3280768
27749392	531	559	post-termination examination	T058	C0582103
27749392	567	579	second fetus	T018	C0015965
27749392	585	613	quantitative fluorescent PCR	T059	C2733320
27749392	619	628	karyotype	T059	C1261273
27749392	638	686	comparative genomic hybridization-array analysis	T063	C2931151
27749392	693	706	amniocentesis	T060	C0002627
27749392	712	718	normal	T080	C0205307
27749392	720	736	Exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
27749392	740	757	abortive material	T121	C0000782
27749392	768	775	fetuses	T018	C0015965
27749392	776	784	detected	T033	C0442726
27749392	787	804	missense mutation	T045	C0599155
27749392	808	812	MID1	T028	C1417167
27749392	829	847	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
27749392	851	871	Opitz G/BBB syndrome	T047	C1801950
27749392	882	890	mutation	T045	C0026882
27749392	908	914	mother	T099	C0026591
27749392	926	933	brother	T099	C0337527
27749392	953	973	cerebellar anomalies	T033	C1866129
27749392	980	983	MRI	T060	C0024485
27749392	984	995	examination	T058	C0582103
27749392	1001	1006	study	T062	C2603343
27749392	1020	1028	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27749392	1032	1048	exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
27749392	1075	1089	family history	T033	C0241889
27749392	1107	1125	inherited disorder	T047	C0019247
27749392	1130	1145	well-documented	T058	C1301725
27749392	1146	1165	ultrasound findings	T034	C1299966
27749392	1182	1192	importance	T080	C3898777
27749392	1198	1209	synergistic	T080	C2986495
27749392	1210	1216	effort	T040	C0015264
27749392	1225	1238	gynecologists	T097	C0237419
27749392	1243	1254	geneticists	T097	C0402118
27749392	1268	1279	integration	T066	C1705422
27749392	1306	1327	ultrasound techniques	T060	C0041618
27749392	1337	1369	next-generation sequencing tools	T074	C3688065
27749392	1383	1391	definite	T080	C0439544
27749392	1392	1401	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27749392	1402	1411	essential	T080	C0205224
27749392	1415	1421	orient	T082	C1704322
27749392	1426	1440	final decision	T041	C0679006
27749392	1459	1481	proper recurrence risk	T081	C2986492

27749441|t|Daily Use of a Facial Broad Spectrum Sunscreen Over One- Year Significantly Improves Clinical Evaluation of Photoaging
27749441|a|Sunscreens are known to protect from sun damage; however, their effects on the reversal of photodamage have been minimally investigated. The aim of the prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of a facial sun protection factor (SPF) 30 formulation for the improvement of photodamage during a 1- year use. Thirty-two subjects applied a broad spectrum photostable sunscreen (SPF 30) for 52 weeks to the entire face. Assessments were conducted through dermatologist evaluations and subjects ' self-assessment at baseline and then at Weeks 12, 24, 36, and 52. Clinical evaluations showed that all photoaging parameters improved significantly from baseline as early as Week 12 and the amelioration continued until Week 52. Skin texture, clarity, and mottled and discrete pigmentation were the most improved parameters by the end of the study (40% to 52% improvement from baseline), with 100% of subjects showing improvement in skin clarity and texture. The daily use of a facial broad-spectrum photostable sunscreen may visibly reverse the signs of existing photodamage, in addition to preventing additional sun damage.
27749441	0	9	Daily Use	T081	C2827007
27749441	15	46	Facial Broad Spectrum Sunscreen	T167	C3825245
27749441	57	61	Year	T079	C0439234
27749441	76	84	Improves	T077	C2986411
27749441	85	104	Clinical Evaluation	T058	C4084924
27749441	108	118	Photoaging	T037	C0263415
27749441	119	129	Sunscreens	T167	C3825245
27749441	156	159	sun	T070	C0038817
27749441	160	166	damage	T184	C0849640
27749441	210	221	photodamage	T023	C1281591
27749441	271	288	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27749441	330	372	sun protection factor (SPF) 30 formulation	T121	C1254351
27749441	381	392	improvement	T077	C2986411
27749441	396	407	photodamage	T184	C0849640
27749441	420	424	year	T079	C0439234
27749441	441	449	subjects	T098	C0080105
27749441	460	505	broad spectrum photostable sunscreen (SPF 30)	T167	C3825245
27749441	513	518	weeks	T079	C0439230
27749441	526	537	entire face	T023	C1281591
27749441	539	550	Assessments	T058	C1261322
27749441	574	587	dermatologist	T097	C0259831
27749441	588	599	evaluations	T058	C0220825
27749441	604	612	subjects	T098	C0080105
27749441	615	630	self-assessment	T041	C0036591
27749441	634	642	baseline	T081	C1442488
27749441	655	660	Weeks	T079	C0439230
27749441	681	701	Clinical evaluations	T058	C4084924
27749441	718	728	photoaging	T037	C0263415
27749441	729	739	parameters	T033	C0449381
27749441	768	776	baseline	T081	C1442488
27749441	789	793	Week	T079	C0439230
27749441	805	817	amelioration	T077	C2986411
27749441	834	838	Week	T079	C0439230
27749441	843	855	Skin texture	T033	C0423752
27749441	857	864	clarity	T033	C0243095
27749441	870	877	mottled	T033	C0302133
27749441	882	890	discrete	T080	C0443299
27749441	891	903	pigmentation	T032	C0031911
27749441	927	937	parameters	T033	C0449381
27749441	956	961	study	T062	C2603343
27749441	974	985	improvement	T077	C2986411
27749441	991	999	baseline	T081	C1442488
27749441	1015	1023	subjects	T098	C0080105
27749441	1032	1043	improvement	T077	C2986411
27749441	1047	1059	skin clarity	T033	C0243095
27749441	1064	1071	texture	T033	C0423752
27749441	1077	1086	daily use	T081	C2827007
27749441	1092	1135	facial broad-spectrum photostable sunscreen	T167	C3825245
27749441	1178	1189	photodamage	T023	C1281591
27749441	1228	1231	sun	T070	C0038817
27749441	1232	1238	damage	T184	C0849640

27749796|t|Intravenous and Nebulized Magnesium Sulfate for Treating Acute Asthma in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
27749796|a|This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous (IV) and nebulized magnesium sulfate in acute asthma in children. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials of IV and nebulized magnesium sulfate in pediatric acute asthma were included. The outcomes subject to meta-analysis were pulmonary function, hospitalization, and further treatment. If statistical heterogeneity was significant, random-effects models were used for meta-analysis, otherwise, fixed-effects models were applied. Ten randomized and quasi-randomized trials (6 IV, 4 nebulized) were identified. Intravenous magnesium sulfate treatment is associated with significant effects on respiratory function (standardized mean difference, 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80-3.08; P = 0.0008) and hospital admission (risk ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.95; P = 0.03). But nebulized magnesium sulfate treatment shows no significant effect on respiratory function (standardized mean difference, 0.19; 95% CI, -0.01-0.40; P = 0.07) or hospital admission (risk ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.86-1.44; P = 0.42). The meta-analysis revealed that IV magnesium sulfate is an effective treatment in children, with the pulmonary function significantly improved and hospitalization and further treatment decreased. But nebulized magnesium sulfate treatment showed no significant effect on respiratory function or hospital admission and further treatment.
27749796	0	11	Intravenous	T061	C0021440
27749796	16	25	Nebulized	T169	C1549541
27749796	26	43	Magnesium Sulfate	T121,T197	C0024480
27749796	48	56	Treating	T169	C1522326
27749796	57	69	Acute Asthma	T047	C0582415
27749796	73	81	Children	T100	C0008059
27749796	85	102	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
27749796	107	120	Meta-Analysis	T170	C0282458
27749796	154	162	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27749796	166	182	intravenous (IV)	T061	C0021440
27749796	187	196	nebulized	T169	C1549541
27749796	197	214	magnesium sulfate	T121,T197	C0024480
27749796	218	230	acute asthma	T047	C0582415
27749796	234	242	children	T100	C0008059
27749796	248	254	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27749796	256	272	Cochrane Library	T170	C0242356
27749796	278	294	EMBASE databases	T170	C0242356
27749796	310	338	Randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27749796	343	377	quasi-randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27749796	381	383	IV	T061	C0021440
27749796	388	397	nebulized	T169	C1549541
27749796	398	415	magnesium sulfate	T121,T197	C0024480
27749796	419	428	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27749796	429	441	acute asthma	T047	C0582415
27749796	461	477	outcomes subject	T081	C0086749
27749796	481	494	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
27749796	500	518	pulmonary function	T042	C0231921
27749796	520	535	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27749796	541	558	further treatment	T033	C0243095
27749796	563	588	statistical heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27749796	606	627	random-effects models	T075	C0026336
27749796	642	655	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
27749796	668	688	fixed-effects models	T075	C0026336
27749796	703	745	Ten randomized and quasi-randomized trials	T062	C0206035
27749796	749	751	IV	T061	C0021440
27749796	755	764	nebulized	T169	C1549541
27749796	783	794	Intravenous	T061	C0021440
27749796	795	812	magnesium sulfate	T121,T197	C0024480
27749796	813	822	treatment	T061	C1533734
27749796	865	885	respiratory function	T039	C0035203
27749796	887	915	standardized mean difference	T081	C0444504
27749796	927	946	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27749796	948	950	CI	T081	C0009667
27749796	980	998	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
27749796	1000	1010	risk ratio	T081	C0028873
27749796	1022	1024	CI	T081	C0009667
27749796	1052	1061	nebulized	T169	C1549541
27749796	1062	1079	magnesium sulfate	T121,T197	C0024480
27749796	1080	1089	treatment	T061	C1533734
27749796	1121	1141	respiratory function	T039	C0035203
27749796	1143	1171	standardized mean difference	T081	C0444504
27749796	1183	1185	CI	T081	C0009667
27749796	1212	1230	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
27749796	1232	1242	risk ratio	T081	C0028873
27749796	1254	1256	CI	T081	C0009667
27749796	1284	1297	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
27749796	1312	1314	IV	T061	C0021440
27749796	1315	1332	magnesium sulfate	T121,T197	C0024480
27749796	1349	1358	treatment	T061	C1533734
27749796	1362	1370	children	T100	C0008059
27749796	1381	1399	pulmonary function	T042	C0231921
27749796	1427	1442	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27749796	1447	1464	further treatment	T033	C0243095
27749796	1480	1489	nebulized	T169	C1549541
27749796	1490	1507	magnesium sulfate	T121,T197	C0024480
27749796	1508	1517	treatment	T061	C1533734
27749796	1550	1570	respiratory function	T039	C0035203
27749796	1574	1592	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
27749796	1597	1614	further treatment	T033	C0243095

27750105|t|Discordance in pathology report after central pathology review: Implications for breast cancer adjuvant treatment
27750105|a|Pathological predictive factors are the most important markers when selecting early breast cancer adjuvant therapy. In randomized clinical trials the variability in pathology report after central pathology review is noteworthy. We evaluated the discordance rate (DR) and inter-rater agreement between local and central histopathological report and the clinical implication on treatment decision. A retrospective analysis was conducted in a series of consecutive early breast cancer tumors diagnosed by local pathologists and subsequently reviewed at the Pathology Division of European Institute of Oncology. The inter-rater agreement (k) between local and central pathology was calculated for Ki-67, grading, hormone receptors (ER / PgR) and HER2/neu. The Bland-Altman plots were derived to determine discrepancies in Ki-67, ER and PgR. DR was calculated for ER / PgR and HER2. From 2007 to 2013, 187 pathology specimens from 10 Cancer Centers were reviewed. Substantial agreement was observed for ER (k0.612; 95% CI, 0538-0.686), PgR (k0.659; 95% CI, 0580-0.737), Ki-67 (k0.609; 95% CI, 0.534-0.684) and grading (k0.669; 95% CI, 0.569-0.769). Moderate agreement was found for HER2 (k0.546; 95% CI, 0444-0.649). DR was 9.5% (negativity to positivity) and 31.7% (positivity to negativity) for HER2 and 26.2% (negativity to positivity) and 12.5% (positivity to negativity) for ER / PgR. According to changes in Her2 and ER / PgR status, 23 (12.2%) and 33 (17.6%) systemic prescription were respectively modified. In our retrospective analysis, central pathological review has a significant impact in the decision-making process in early breast cancer, as shown in clinical trials. Further studies are warranted to confirm these provocative results.
27750105	0	11	Discordance	T077	C3639994
27750105	15	31	pathology report	T170	C0807321
27750105	38	62	central pathology review	T060	C2347585
27750105	81	94	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27750105	95	113	adjuvant treatment	T061	C0677850
27750105	114	126	Pathological	T169	C1521733
27750105	127	145	predictive factors	T170	C0683956
27750105	169	176	markers	T201	C0005516
27750105	198	211	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27750105	212	228	adjuvant therapy	T061	C0677850
27750105	233	259	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
27750105	264	275	variability	T077	C2827666
27750105	279	295	pathology report	T170	C0807321
27750105	302	326	central pathology review	T060	C2347585
27750105	359	370	discordance	T077	C3639994
27750105	371	375	rate	T081	C1521828
27750105	377	379	DR	T081	C1521828
27750105	385	406	inter-rater agreement	T081	C0870740
27750105	415	420	local	T082	C0205276
27750105	425	432	central	T082	C0205099
27750105	433	457	histopathological report	T170	C0684224
27750105	466	474	clinical	T080	C0205210
27750105	490	508	treatment decision	T033	C4061230
27750105	512	534	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
27750105	582	602	breast cancer tumors	T191	C1458155
27750105	616	634	local pathologists	T097	C0334866
27750105	652	660	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27750105	668	686	Pathology Division	T093	C0587487
27750105	690	720	European Institute of Oncology	T093	C1708333
27750105	726	747	inter-rater agreement	T081	C0870740
27750105	770	787	central pathology	T091	C0030664
27750105	807	812	Ki-67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
27750105	814	821	grading	T170	C0441799
27750105	823	840	hormone receptors	T116,T192	C0019929
27750105	842	844	ER	T116,T192	C0034804
27750105	847	850	PgR	T116,T192	C0034833
27750105	856	864	HER2/neu	T201	C1512413
27750105	870	888	Bland-Altman plots	T062	C0242481
27750105	932	937	Ki-67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
27750105	939	941	ER	T116,T192	C0034804
27750105	946	949	PgR	T116,T192	C0034833
27750105	951	953	DR	T081	C1521828
27750105	973	975	ER	T116,T192	C0034804
27750105	978	981	PgR	T116,T192	C0034833
27750105	986	990	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27750105	1015	1034	pathology specimens	T031	C0444061
27750105	1043	1057	Cancer Centers	T093	C1513817
27750105	1063	1071	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27750105	1112	1114	ER	T116,T192	C0034804
27750105	1128	1130	CI	T081	C0009667
27750105	1145	1148	PgR	T116,T192	C0034833
27750105	1162	1164	CI	T081	C0009667
27750105	1179	1184	Ki-67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
27750105	1198	1200	CI	T081	C0009667
27750105	1219	1226	grading	T170	C0441799
27750105	1240	1242	CI	T081	C0009667
27750105	1291	1295	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27750105	1309	1311	CI	T081	C0009667
27750105	1326	1328	DR	T081	C1521828
27750105	1406	1410	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27750105	1489	1491	ER	T116,T192	C0034804
27750105	1494	1497	PgR	T116,T192	C0034833
27750105	1523	1527	Her2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27750105	1532	1534	ER	T116,T192	C0034804
27750105	1537	1540	PgR	T116,T192	C0034833
27750105	1575	1583	systemic	T169	C0205373
27750105	1584	1596	prescription	T058	C0033080
27750105	1632	1654	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
27750105	1656	1683	central pathological review	T060	C2347585
27750105	1716	1739	decision-making process	T058	C2364257
27750105	1749	1762	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27750105	1776	1791	clinical trials	T062	C0008976

27751685|t|Perinatal issues for women with high functioning autism spectrum disorder
27751685|a|Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is an increasingly commonly diagnosed disability. People with ASD commonly report challenges in social interaction and a heightened sensory perception. These challenges may be particularly difficult for women during pregnancy, birthing and beyond. Very little is known about the experiences and needs of birthing women who have ASD. There is a large body of literature about women who have autistic children, but almost nothing about women who may have this disability themselves. Internet blogs provide some insights and suggest that birthing women with ASD may have particular challenges related to communication, decision making and sensory overload. This study explores the particular issues and experiences of birthing women who have ASD, through pregnancy, birth and early mothering. This qualitative research used a case study approach, with in-depth interviewing and email exchange providing the data for the study. This data was verified, transcribed and analysed thematically. The findings of this case study identified three key issues: communication and service difficulties; sensory stress and parenting challenges. Findings suggest that women with ASD may face particular challenges during pregnancy, birthing and early mothering. These challenges evolve from perceptions of the woman about her midwives and other caregivers. If a woman perceives that her midwife is judgemental about her, then she may withdraw from the care and support she and her baby need.
27751685	0	16	Perinatal issues	T047	C0270075
27751685	21	26	women	T098	C0043210
27751685	37	48	functioning	T169	C0205245
27751685	49	73	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
27751685	74	100	Autistic Spectrum Disorder	T048	C1510586
27751685	102	105	ASD	T048	C1510586
27751685	135	144	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27751685	145	155	disability	T033	C0231170
27751685	157	163	People	T101	C0018576
27751685	169	172	ASD	T048	C1510586
27751685	189	221	challenges in social interaction	T048	C0150080
27751685	228	238	heightened	T080	C0442803
27751685	239	257	sensory perception	T042	C0036658
27751685	310	315	women	T098	C0043210
27751685	323	332	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27751685	334	342	birthing	T061	C0011209
27751685	411	419	birthing	T061	C0011209
27751685	420	425	women	T098	C0043210
27751685	435	438	ASD	T048	C1510586
27751685	457	461	body	T170	C1551342
27751685	465	475	literature	T170	C0023866
27751685	482	487	women	T098	C0043210
27751685	497	514	autistic children	T101	C0175842
27751685	541	546	women	T098	C0043210
27751685	565	575	disability	T033	C0231170
27751685	588	596	Internet	T073	C0282111
27751685	597	602	blogs	T170	C2718046
27751685	642	650	birthing	T061	C0011209
27751685	651	656	women	T098	C0043210
27751685	662	665	ASD	T048	C1510586
27751685	708	721	communication	T054	C0009452
27751685	723	738	decision making	T041	C0011109
27751685	743	759	sensory overload	T033	C0454449
27751685	766	771	study	T062	C2603343
27751685	822	830	birthing	T061	C0011209
27751685	831	836	women	T098	C0043210
27751685	846	849	ASD	T048	C1510586
27751685	859	868	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27751685	870	875	birth	T040	C0005615
27751685	880	885	early	T079	C1279919
27751685	886	895	mothering	T099	C0026591
27751685	902	922	qualitative research	T062	C0949415
27751685	930	940	case study	T170	C0085973
27751685	965	977	interviewing	T052	C0021822
27751685	982	987	email	T170	C0013849
27751685	1011	1015	data	T078	C1511726
27751685	1024	1029	study	T062	C2603343
27751685	1036	1040	data	T078	C1511726
27751685	1045	1053	verified	T169	C1711411
27751685	1055	1066	transcribed	T052	C3272241
27751685	1071	1079	analysed	T062	C0936012
27751685	1080	1092	thematically	UnknownType	C0869035
27751685	1098	1106	findings	T169	C2607943
27751685	1115	1125	case study	T170	C0085973
27751685	1126	1136	identified	T080	C0205396
27751685	1155	1168	communication	T054	C0009452
27751685	1195	1209	sensory stress	T048	C0038443
27751685	1214	1223	parenting	T054	C0085092
27751685	1236	1244	Findings	T169	C2607943
27751685	1258	1263	women	T098	C0043210
27751685	1269	1272	ASD	T048	C1510586
27751685	1311	1320	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27751685	1322	1330	birthing	T061	C0011209
27751685	1335	1340	early	T079	C1279919
27751685	1341	1350	mothering	T099	C0026591
27751685	1381	1392	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27751685	1400	1405	woman	T098	C0043210
27751685	1416	1424	midwives	T097	C0026083
27751685	1435	1445	caregivers	T099	C0086279
27751685	1452	1457	woman	T098	C0043210
27751685	1477	1484	midwife	T097	C0026083
27751685	1488	1499	judgemental	T041	C0022423
27751685	1571	1575	baby	T100	C0021270

27751698|t|Does the Use of Ibuprofen in Children with Extremity Fractures Increase their Risk for Bone Healing Complications?
27751698|a|Despite being an effective analgesic for children with fractures, some clinicians may avoid prescribing ibuprofen due to its potentially harmful effect on bone healing. To determine if exposure to ibuprofen is associated with an increased risk of bone healing complications in children with fractures. We performed a retrospective study of children aged 6 months to 17 years who presented to the pediatric emergency department (PED) with a fracture of the tibia, femur, humerus, scaphoid, or fifth metatarsus and who followed up with the orthopedic service. We chose these fractures due to their higher risk for complications. We classified patients as exposed if they received ibuprofen in the PED or during hospitalization or were prescribed ibuprofen at discharge. The main outcome was a bone healing complication as evidenced by nonunion, delayed union, or re-displacement on follow-up radiographs. Of the 808 patients included in the final analysis, 338 (42%) were exposed to ibuprofen. Overall, 27 (3%) patients had a bone healing complication; 8 (1%) developed nonunion, 3 (0.4%) developed delayed union, and 16 (2%) developed re-displacement. Ten (3%) patients who were exposed to ibuprofen, and 17 (4%) who were not, developed a bone healing complication (odds ratio 0.8, 95% confidence interval 0.4-1.8; p = 0.61). There was no significant association between ibuprofen exposure and the development of a bone healing complication despite adjustment for potential confounders. Children with extremity fractures who are exposed to ibuprofen do not seem to be at increased risk for clinically important bone healing complications.
27751698	16	25	Ibuprofen	T109,T121	C0020740
27751698	29	37	Children	T100	C0008059
27751698	43	62	Extremity Fractures	T033	C0518447
27751698	78	82	Risk	T078	C0035647
27751698	87	99	Bone Healing	T033	C1321023
27751698	100	113	Complications	T046	C0009566
27751698	142	151	analgesic	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27751698	156	164	children	T100	C0008059
27751698	170	179	fractures	T037	C0016658
27751698	186	196	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27751698	207	218	prescribing	T058	C0278329
27751698	219	228	ibuprofen	T109,T121	C0020740
27751698	270	282	bone healing	T033	C1321023
27751698	312	321	ibuprofen	T109,T121	C0020740
27751698	354	358	risk	T078	C0035647
27751698	362	374	bone healing	T033	C1321023
27751698	375	388	complications	T046	C0009566
27751698	392	400	children	T100	C0008059
27751698	406	415	fractures	T037	C0016658
27751698	432	451	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27751698	455	463	children	T100	C0008059
27751698	471	477	months	T079	C0439231
27751698	484	489	years	T079	C1510829
27751698	511	541	pediatric emergency department	T073,T093	C4035225
27751698	543	546	PED	T073,T093	C4035225
27751698	555	563	fracture	T037	C0016658
27751698	571	576	tibia	T023	C1279118
27751698	578	583	femur	T023	C0015811
27751698	585	592	humerus	T023	C0020164
27751698	594	602	scaphoid	T023	C0223724
27751698	607	623	fifth metatarsus	T023	C0025584
27751698	653	671	orthopedic service	T093	C0587690
27751698	688	697	fractures	T037	C0016658
27751698	718	722	risk	T078	C0035647
27751698	727	740	complications	T046	C0009566
27751698	756	764	patients	T101	C0030705
27751698	793	802	ibuprofen	T109,T121	C0020740
27751698	810	813	PED	T073,T093	C4035225
27751698	824	839	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27751698	848	858	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27751698	859	868	ibuprofen	T109,T121	C0020740
27751698	872	881	discharge	T058	C0030685
27751698	892	899	outcome	T169	C1274040
27751698	906	918	bone healing	T033	C1321023
27751698	919	931	complication	T046	C0009566
27751698	948	956	nonunion	T033	C3897107
27751698	958	971	delayed union	T046	C0332743
27751698	976	991	re-displacement	T061	C0407467
27751698	1005	1016	radiographs	T060	C1306645
27751698	1029	1037	patients	T101	C0030705
27751698	1096	1105	ibuprofen	T109,T121	C0020740
27751698	1124	1132	patients	T101	C0030705
27751698	1139	1151	bone healing	T033	C1321023
27751698	1152	1164	complication	T046	C0009566
27751698	1183	1191	nonunion	T033	C3897107
27751698	1212	1225	delayed union	T046	C0332743
27751698	1249	1264	re-displacement	T061	C0407467
27751698	1275	1283	patients	T101	C0030705
27751698	1304	1313	ibuprofen	T109,T121	C0020740
27751698	1353	1365	bone healing	T033	C1321023
27751698	1366	1378	complication	T046	C0009566
27751698	1400	1419	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27751698	1485	1494	ibuprofen	T109,T121	C0020740
27751698	1529	1541	bone healing	T033	C1321023
27751698	1542	1554	complication	T046	C0009566
27751698	1563	1573	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27751698	1601	1609	Children	T100	C0008059
27751698	1615	1634	extremity fractures	T033	C0518447
27751698	1654	1663	ibuprofen	T109,T121	C0020740
27751698	1695	1699	risk	T078	C0035647
27751698	1725	1737	bone healing	T033	C1321023
27751698	1738	1751	complications	T046	C0009566

27752009|t|Prevalence and presentation of tuberculosis among hemodialysis patients in Khartoum, Sudan
27752009|a|Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in the developing countries. There are limited data about the prevalence of TB patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) in Sudan. The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence and presentation of TB among Sudanese maintenance HD patients. This is a hospital -based descriptive study. The participants of the study are all HD patients distributed in 13 HD centers in Khartoum and Khartoum North Provinces in Sudan. All patients attended the HD centers from November 1, 2014 to February 1, 2015, were interviewed by a questionnaire focused on personal and clinical data. Those who were diagnosed as having active TB were studied regarding their clinical presentation, presence of comorbidities, site of TB, and methods used on diagnosis. The total number of HD patients during the study period was 1328 patients. We found 19 patients who already diagnosed and treated for TB infection. The prevalence rate of TB among HD patients is 1.4%. The mean age of patient was 44.53±8.69 years, 89.5% of them were males. The majority of them have comorbidities: 31.6%% have hypertension and 21.1% have diabetes. Extrapulmonary TB was the major presentation (57.9%) mainly tuberculous lymphadenitis (26.3%). The pulmonary presentation was found to be 42.1%. The diagnosis of TB was supported by microbiological evidence of alcohol acid-fast Bacilli present in sputum smear (21%), histological diagnosis (31.6%), polymerase chain reaction (21%), and imaging in (26.3%). Patients on maintenance HD are at an increased risk of TB and diagnosis of TB among HD patients need a high index of suspicion. There is a great need for establishing a screening scheme for TB among HD patients and further epidemiological studies are needed to fully evaluate this problem.
27752009	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27752009	15	27	presentation	T078	C0449450
27752009	31	43	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27752009	50	62	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27752009	63	71	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	75	83	Khartoum	UnknownType	C0681784
27752009	85	90	Sudan	T083	C0038642
27752009	91	103	Tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27752009	105	107	TB	T047	C0041296
27752009	120	126	health	T078	C0018684
27752009	127	134	problem	T033	C0033213
27752009	142	162	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27752009	174	186	limited data	T078	C1511726
27752009	197	207	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27752009	211	213	TB	T047	C0041296
27752009	214	222	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	226	237	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27752009	238	250	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27752009	252	254	HD	T061	C0019004
27752009	259	264	Sudan	T083	C0038642
27752009	294	302	identify	T080	C0205396
27752009	307	317	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27752009	322	334	presentation	T078	C0449450
27752009	338	340	TB	T047	C0041296
27752009	347	355	Sudanese	T098	C0241297
27752009	356	367	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27752009	368	370	HD	T061	C0019004
27752009	371	379	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	391	399	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27752009	419	424	study	T062	C2603343
27752009	430	442	participants	T098	C0679646
27752009	450	455	study	T062	C2603343
27752009	464	466	HD	T061	C0019004
27752009	467	475	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	476	487	distributed	T169	C1704711
27752009	494	504	HD centers	T073,T093	C0475309
27752009	508	516	Khartoum	UnknownType	C0681784
27752009	521	545	Khartoum North Provinces	UnknownType	C0681784
27752009	549	554	Sudan	T083	C0038642
27752009	560	568	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	582	592	HD centers	T073,T093	C0475309
27752009	598	606	November	T079	C3828767
27752009	618	626	February	T080	C3830166
27752009	641	652	interviewed	T052	C0021822
27752009	658	671	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27752009	672	679	focused	T169	C1285542
27752009	683	691	personal	T078	C1511726
27752009	696	709	clinical data	T170	C1516606
27752009	726	735	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27752009	746	755	active TB	T047	C0041296
27752009	785	793	clinical	T080	C0205210
27752009	794	806	presentation	T078	C0449450
27752009	808	816	presence	T033	C0150312
27752009	820	833	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27752009	835	839	site	T082	C0205145
27752009	843	845	TB	T047	C0041296
27752009	851	858	methods	T170	C0025663
27752009	867	876	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27752009	888	894	number	T081	C0237753
27752009	898	900	HD	T061	C0019004
27752009	901	909	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	921	926	study	T062	C2603343
27752009	927	933	period	T079	C1948053
27752009	943	951	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	965	973	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	986	995	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27752009	1000	1007	treated	T169	C1522326
27752009	1012	1024	TB infection	T047	C0041296
27752009	1030	1040	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27752009	1041	1045	rate	T081	C1521828
27752009	1049	1051	TB	T047	C0041296
27752009	1058	1060	HD	T061	C0019004
27752009	1061	1069	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	1088	1091	age	T032	C0001779
27752009	1095	1102	patient	T101	C0030705
27752009	1118	1123	years	T079	C0439234
27752009	1144	1149	males	T032	C0086582
27752009	1177	1190	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27752009	1204	1216	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27752009	1232	1240	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27752009	1242	1259	Extrapulmonary TB	T047	C0679362
27752009	1274	1286	presentation	T078	C0449450
27752009	1302	1327	tuberculous lymphadenitis	T047	C0041316
27752009	1341	1350	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27752009	1351	1363	presentation	T078	C0449450
27752009	1391	1400	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27752009	1404	1406	TB	T047	C0041296
27752009	1424	1439	microbiological	T091	C0025952
27752009	1440	1448	evidence	T078	C3887511
27752009	1452	1501	alcohol acid-fast Bacilli present in sputum smear	T034	C0555122
27752009	1509	1531	histological diagnosis	UnknownType	C0679557
27752009	1541	1566	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27752009	1578	1588	imaging in	T060	C0011923
27752009	1598	1606	Patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	1610	1621	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27752009	1622	1624	HD	T061	C0019004
27752009	1635	1644	increased	T081	C0205217
27752009	1645	1649	risk	T078	C0035647
27752009	1653	1655	TB	T047	C0041296
27752009	1660	1669	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27752009	1673	1675	TB	T047	C0041296
27752009	1682	1684	HD	T061	C0019004
27752009	1685	1693	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	1715	1724	suspicion	T041	C0242114
27752009	1767	1776	screening	T058	C1710032
27752009	1777	1783	scheme	T170	C1519193
27752009	1788	1790	TB	T047	C0041296
27752009	1797	1799	HD	T061	C0019004
27752009	1800	1808	patients	T101	C0030705
27752009	1821	1844	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
27752009	1879	1886	problem	T033	C0033213

27752082|t|Inhibition of STEP61 ameliorates deficits in mouse and hiPSC -based schizophrenia models
27752082|a|The brain - specific tyrosine phosphatase, STEP (STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase) is an important regulator of synaptic function. STEP normally opposes synaptic strengthening by increasing N-methyl D-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) internalization through dephosphorylation of GluN2B and inactivation of the kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 / 2 and Fyn. Here we show that STEP61 is elevated in the cortex in the Nrg1(+/-) knockout mouse model of schizophrenia (SZ). Genetic reduction or pharmacological inhibition of STEP prevents the loss of NMDARs from synaptic membranes and reverses behavioral deficits in Nrg1(+/-) mice. STEP61 protein is also increased in cortical lysates from the central nervous system - specific ErbB2 / 4 mouse model of SZ, as well as in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived forebrain neurons and Ngn2 - induced excitatory neurons, from two independent SZ patient cohorts. In these selected SZ models, increased STEP61 protein levels likely reflect reduced ubiquitination and degradation. These convergent findings from mouse and hiPSC SZ models provide evidence for STEP61 dysfunction in SZ .Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 18 October 2016; doi:10.1038/mp.2016.163.
27752082	0	10	Inhibition	T044	C0021469
27752082	14	20	STEP61	T116,T126	C3883719
27752082	21	32	ameliorates	T080	C0205556
27752082	33	41	deficits	T080	C2987487
27752082	45	50	mouse	T015	C0025929
27752082	55	60	hiPSC	T025	C3658289
27752082	68	81	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27752082	82	88	models	T050	C0012644
27752082	93	98	brain	T023	C0006104
27752082	101	109	specific	T080	C0205369
27752082	110	130	tyrosine phosphatase	T116,T126	C0085536
27752082	132	136	STEP	T116,T126	C3883719
27752082	138	184	STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase	T116,T126	C3883719
27752082	202	211	regulator	T077	C1704735
27752082	215	232	synaptic function	T043	C0027793
27752082	234	238	STEP	T116,T126	C3883719
27752082	256	264	synaptic	T030	C0039062
27752082	265	278	strengthening	T080	C0205556
27752082	282	292	increasing	T081	C0205217
27752082	293	332	N-methyl D-aspartate glutamate receptor	T116,T192	C0080093
27752082	334	339	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27752082	341	356	internalization	T067	C0599281
27752082	365	382	dephosphorylation	T044	C3160734
27752082	386	392	GluN2B	T116,T123	C1741283
27752082	397	409	inactivation	T044	C0314679
27752082	417	424	kinases	T116,T126	C0031727
27752082	425	464	extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1	T116,T126	C0082529
27752082	467	468	2	T116,T126	C0170168
27752082	473	476	Fyn	T116,T126	C1530914
27752082	496	502	STEP61	T116,T126	C3883719
27752082	506	514	elevated	T080	C3163633
27752082	522	528	cortex	T023	C1176472
27752082	536	545	Nrg1(+/-)	T028	C1367656
27752082	546	554	knockout	T050	C1522225
27752082	555	566	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27752082	570	583	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27752082	585	587	SZ	T048	C0036341
27752082	590	597	Genetic	T169	C0314603
27752082	598	607	reduction	T061	C0441610
27752082	611	626	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27752082	627	637	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27752082	641	645	STEP	T116,T126	C3883719
27752082	646	654	prevents	T169	C1292733
27752082	667	673	NMDARs	T116,T192	C0080093
27752082	679	697	synaptic membranes	T026	C0039063
27752082	711	730	behavioral deficits	T048	C0004930
27752082	734	743	Nrg1(+/-)	T028	C1367656
27752082	744	748	mice	T015	C0025929
27752082	750	764	STEP61 protein	T116,T126	C3883719
27752082	773	782	increased	T081	C0205217
27752082	786	794	cortical	T023	C1176472
27752082	795	802	lysates	T072	C1881488
27752082	812	834	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27752082	837	845	specific	T080	C0205369
27752082	846	851	ErbB2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27752082	854	855	4	T116,T126,T192	C0214098
27752082	856	867	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27752082	871	873	SZ	T048	C0036341
27752082	889	924	human induced pluripotent stem cell	T025	C3658289
27752082	926	931	hiPSC	T025	C3658289
27752082	941	950	forebrain	T023	C0085140
27752082	951	958	neurons	T025	C0027882
27752082	963	967	Ngn2	T028	C1422204
27752082	970	977	induced	T169	C0205263
27752082	978	996	excitatory neurons	T025	C0027882
27752082	1007	1018	independent	T169	C0332291
27752082	1019	1021	SZ	T048	C0036341
27752082	1022	1029	patient	T101	C0030705
27752082	1030	1037	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27752082	1048	1056	selected	T052	C1707391
27752082	1057	1059	SZ	T048	C0036341
27752082	1060	1066	models	T050	C0012644
27752082	1068	1077	increased	T081	C0205217
27752082	1078	1084	STEP61	T116,T126	C3883719
27752082	1085	1099	protein levels	T059	C0542493
27752082	1115	1122	reduced	T080	C0392756
27752082	1123	1137	ubiquitination	T044	C1519751
27752082	1142	1153	degradation	T044	C0597297
27752082	1161	1171	convergent	T080	C0205556
27752082	1172	1180	findings	T033	C0243095
27752082	1186	1191	mouse	T015	C0025929
27752082	1196	1201	hiPSC	T025	C3658289
27752082	1202	1204	SZ	T048	C0036341
27752082	1205	1211	models	T050	C0012644
27752082	1212	1219	provide	T052	C1999230
27752082	1220	1228	evidence	T078	C3887511
27752082	1233	1239	STEP61	T116,T126	C3883719
27752082	1240	1251	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27752082	1255	1257	SZ	T048	C0036341

27752357|t|Tofacitinib versus methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: patient-reported outcomes from the randomised phase III ORAL Start trial
27752357|a|To compare patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in methotrexate (MTX)- naive patients (defined as no prior treatment or ≤3 doses) receiving tofacitinib versus MTX. In the 24- month, phase III, randomised, controlled, ORAL Start trial (NCT01039688), patients were randomised 2:2:1 to receive tofacitinib 5 mg two times per day (n=373), tofacitinib 10 mg two times per day (n=397) or MTX (n=186). PROs assessed included Patient Global Assessment of disease (PtGA), pain, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) and health-related quality of life (Short Form-36 [SF-36]). PROs improved following tofacitinib and MTX treatment: benefits were sustained over 24 months. Patients receiving tofacitinib reported earlier responses which were significantly different between each tofacitinib dose and MTX at month 3 through month 24. At month 6 (primary end point), significant improvements versus MTX were observed in PtGA, pain, HAQ-DI, SF-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS), 5/8 domain scores and FACIT-F with tofacitinib 5 mg two times per day; all PROs, except SF-36 Mental Component Summary Score and Medical Outcomes Survey - Sleep, with tofacitinib 10 mg two times per day. At month 6, the proportion of patients reporting improvements ≥ minimum clinically important difference were significant versus MTX with tofacitinib 5 mg two times per day in PtGA and 3/8 SF-36 domains; and with tofacitinib 10 mg two times per day in PtGA, pain, HAQ-DI, SF-36 PCS, 4/8 domains and FACIT-F. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving tofacitinib 5 and 10 mg two times per day monotherapy versus MTX reported statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in multiple PROs over 24 months; onset of benefit with tofacitinib treatment occurred earlier. NCT01039688.
27752357	0	11	Tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	19	31	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
27752357	35	55	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27752357	57	82	patient-reported outcomes	T170	C2987124
27752357	92	102	randomised	T062,T170	C0206034
27752357	103	129	phase III ORAL Start trial	T062	C0282461
27752357	133	140	compare	T052	C1707455
27752357	141	166	patient-reported outcomes	T170	C2987124
27752357	168	172	PROs	T170	C2987124
27752357	177	189	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
27752357	191	194	MTX	T109,T121	C0025677
27752357	197	202	naive	T201	C0919936
27752357	203	211	patients	T101	C0030705
27752357	227	242	prior treatment	T201	C1514463
27752357	249	254	doses	T081	C0178602
27752357	266	277	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	285	288	MTX	T109,T121	C0025677
27752357	301	306	month	T079	C0439231
27752357	308	317	phase III	T062	C0282461
27752357	319	359	randomised, controlled, ORAL Start trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27752357	361	372	NCT01039688	T062,T170	C0206034
27752357	375	383	patients	T101	C0030705
27752357	389	399	randomised	T033	C3815594
27752357	417	428	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	448	451	day	T079	C0439228
27752357	461	472	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	493	496	day	T079	C0439228
27752357	508	511	MTX	T109,T121	C0025677
27752357	521	525	PROs	T170	C2987124
27752357	526	534	assessed	T052	C1516048
27752357	544	580	Patient Global Assessment of disease	T170	C4054228
27752357	582	586	PtGA	T170	C4054228
27752357	589	593	pain	T184	C0030193
27752357	595	643	Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index	T170	C3826998
27752357	645	651	HAQ-DI	T170	C3826998
27752357	654	710	Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue	T170	C3272505
27752357	712	719	FACIT-F	T170	C3272505
27752357	725	755	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27752357	757	770	Short Form-36	T170	C3640521
27752357	772	777	SF-36	T170	C3640521
27752357	781	785	PROs	T170	C2987124
27752357	786	794	improved	T033	C0184511
27752357	805	816	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	821	824	MTX	T109,T121	C0025677
27752357	825	834	treatment	T169	C0039798
27752357	836	844	benefits	T081	C0814225
27752357	850	859	sustained	T169	C0443318
27752357	868	874	months	T079	C0439231
27752357	876	884	Patients	T101	C0030705
27752357	895	906	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	924	933	responses	T032	C0871261
27752357	945	958	significantly	T078	C0750502
27752357	959	968	different	T080	C1705242
27752357	982	993	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	994	998	dose	T081	C0178602
27752357	1003	1006	MTX	T109,T121	C0025677
27752357	1010	1015	month	T079	C0439231
27752357	1026	1031	month	T079	C0439231
27752357	1039	1044	month	T079	C0439231
27752357	1048	1065	primary end point	T080	C2349179
27752357	1068	1079	significant	T078	C0750502
27752357	1080	1092	improvements	T077	C2986411
27752357	1100	1103	MTX	T109,T121	C0025677
27752357	1121	1125	PtGA	T170	C4054228
27752357	1127	1131	pain	T184	C0030193
27752357	1133	1139	HAQ-DI	T170	C3826998
27752357	1141	1146	SF-36	T170	C3640521
27752357	1147	1173	Physical Component Summary	T170	C0282574
27752357	1175	1178	PCS	T170	C0282574
27752357	1185	1198	domain scores	T081	C0392762
27752357	1203	1210	FACIT-F	T170	C3272505
27752357	1216	1227	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	1247	1250	day	T079	C0439228
27752357	1256	1260	PROs	T170	C2987124
27752357	1269	1274	SF-36	T170	C3640521
27752357	1275	1305	Mental Component Summary Score	T170	C0282574
27752357	1310	1333	Medical Outcomes Survey	T057	C3824997
27752357	1336	1341	Sleep	T040	C0037313
27752357	1348	1359	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	1380	1383	day	T079	C0439228
27752357	1388	1393	month	T079	C0439231
27752357	1401	1411	proportion	T081	C1709707
27752357	1415	1423	patients	T101	C0030705
27752357	1415	1423	patients	T101	C0030705
27752357	1434	1446	improvements	T077	C2986411
27752357	1449	1488	minimum clinically important difference	T033	C4277733
27752357	1494	1505	significant	T078	C0750502
27752357	1513	1516	MTX	T109,T121	C0025677
27752357	1522	1533	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	1553	1556	day	T079	C0439228
27752357	1560	1564	PtGA	T170	C4054228
27752357	1573	1578	SF-36	T170	C3640521
27752357	1579	1586	domains	T170	C3541951
27752357	1597	1608	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	1629	1632	day	T079	C0439228
27752357	1636	1640	PtGA	T170	C4054228
27752357	1642	1646	pain	T184	C0030193
27752357	1648	1654	HAQ-DI	T170	C3826998
27752357	1656	1661	SF-36	T170	C3640521
27752357	1662	1665	PCS	T170	C0282574
27752357	1671	1678	domains	T170	C3541951
27752357	1683	1690	FACIT-F	T170	C3272505
27752357	1692	1700	Patients	T101	C0030705
27752357	1706	1726	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27752357	1737	1748	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	1775	1778	day	T079	C0439228
27752357	1779	1790	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
27752357	1798	1801	MTX	T109,T121	C0025677
27752357	1811	1836	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27752357	1841	1862	clinically meaningful	T201	C0683325
27752357	1863	1875	improvements	T077	C2986411
27752357	1879	1887	multiple	T081	C0439064
27752357	1888	1892	PROs	T170	C2987124
27752357	1901	1907	months	T079	C0439231
27752357	1918	1925	benefit	T081	C0814225
27752357	1931	1942	tofacitinib	T109,T121	C2930696
27752357	1943	1952	treatment	T169	C0039798
27752357	1971	1982	NCT01039688	T062,T170	C0206034

27752744|t|Incident fracture associated with increased risk of mortality even after adjusting for frailty status in elderly Japanese men: the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) Cohort Study
27752744|a|Frail elderly individuals have elevated risks of both fracture and mortality. We found that incident fractures were associated with an increased risk of death even after adjusting for pre-fracture frailty status as represented by physical performance tests and laboratory tests for common geriatric diseases in community-dwelling elderly Japanese men. While fractures reportedly increase the risk of mortality, frailty may complicate this association, generating a false-positive result. We evaluated this association after adjusting for pre-fracture levels of frailty. We examined 1998 community-dwelling ambulatory men aged ≥65 years at baseline in the Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men Study for frailty status as represented by activities of daily living (ADL), physical performance tests (grip strength, one-foot standing balance with eyes open, timed 10-m walk), and laboratory sera tests. Participants were then followed for 5 years for incident clinical fractures and death. Effects of incident fracture on death were determined by Cox proportional hazards model with the first fracture during follow-up as a time-dependent predictor and with frailty status indices as covariates. We identified 111 fractures in 99 men and 138 deaths during the follow-up period (median follow-up, 4.5 years). Participants with incident fractures did not have significantly worse frailty statuses, but did show a significantly higher cumulative mortality rate than those without fractures (p = 0.0047). Age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of death for incident fracture was 3.57 (95 % confidence interval: 2.05, 6.24). When adjusted for physical performance, this decreased to 2.77 (1.51, 5.06), but remained significant. The HR showed no significant change when adjusted for laboratory test results (3.96 (2.26, 6.94)). Exclusion of deaths within the first 24 months of follow-up did not alter these results. Incident clinical fracture was associated with an elevated risk of death independently of pre-fracture levels of frailty in community-dwelling elderly men.
27752744	0	8	Incident	T067	C1551358
27752744	9	17	fracture	T037	C0016658
27752744	18	33	associated with	T080	C0332281
27752744	34	43	increased	T081	C0205217
27752744	44	48	risk	T078	C0035647
27752744	52	61	mortality	T081	C0205848
27752744	87	94	frailty	T033	C0424594
27752744	95	101	status	T080	C0449438
27752744	105	112	elderly	T098	C0001792
27752744	113	121	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27752744	122	125	men	T098	C0025266
27752744	131	190	Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men (FORMEN) Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27752744	191	196	Frail	T033	C0871754
27752744	197	204	elderly	T098	C0001792
27752744	205	216	individuals	T098	C0237401
27752744	222	230	elevated	T080	C3163633
27752744	231	236	risks	T078	C0035647
27752744	245	253	fracture	T037	C0016658
27752744	258	267	mortality	T081	C0205848
27752744	283	291	incident	T067	C1551358
27752744	292	301	fractures	T037	C0016658
27752744	307	322	associated with	T080	C0332281
27752744	326	335	increased	T081	C0205217
27752744	336	340	risk	T078	C0035647
27752744	344	349	death	T033	C1306577
27752744	375	387	pre-fracture	T037	C0016658
27752744	388	395	frailty	T033	C0424594
27752744	396	402	status	T080	C0449438
27752744	421	447	physical performance tests	T060	C0679543
27752744	452	468	laboratory tests	T059	C0022885
27752744	480	489	geriatric	T080	C1704440
27752744	490	498	diseases	T047	C0012634
27752744	502	520	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
27752744	521	528	elderly	T098	C0001792
27752744	529	537	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27752744	538	541	men	T098	C0025266
27752744	549	558	fractures	T037	C0016658
27752744	570	578	increase	T169	C0442805
27752744	583	587	risk	T078	C0035647
27752744	591	600	mortality	T081	C0205848
27752744	602	609	frailty	T033	C0424594
27752744	614	624	complicate	T169	C0231242
27752744	630	641	association	T080	C0439849
27752744	656	677	false-positive result	T033	C1112254
27752744	682	691	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27752744	697	708	association	T080	C0439849
27752744	729	741	pre-fracture	T037	C0016658
27752744	742	748	levels	T080	C0441889
27752744	752	759	frailty	T033	C0424594
27752744	764	772	examined	T033	C0332128
27752744	778	796	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
27752744	797	807	ambulatory	T169	C0439841
27752744	808	811	men	T098	C0025266
27752744	812	816	aged	T032	C0001779
27752744	821	826	years	T079	C1510829
27752744	830	838	baseline	T081	C1442488
27752744	846	889	Fujiwara-kyo Osteoporosis Risk in Men Study	T081	C0009247
27752744	894	901	frailty	T033	C0424594
27752744	902	908	status	T080	C0449438
27752744	927	953	activities of daily living	T056	C0001288
27752744	955	958	ADL	T056	C0001288
27752744	961	987	physical performance tests	T060	C0679543
27752744	989	1002	grip strength	T081	C0429271
27752744	1004	1044	one-foot standing balance with eyes open	T033	C0516711
27752744	1046	1061	timed 10-m walk	T060	C2315460
27752744	1068	1089	laboratory sera tests	T059	C0022885
27752744	1079	1083	sera	T031	C0229671
27752744	1091	1103	Participants	T098	C0679646
27752744	1129	1134	years	T079	C0439234
27752744	1139	1147	incident	T067	C1551358
27752744	1148	1156	clinical	T080	C0205210
27752744	1157	1166	fractures	T037	C0016658
27752744	1171	1176	death	T033	C1306577
27752744	1178	1188	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27752744	1189	1197	incident	T067	C1551358
27752744	1198	1206	fracture	T037	C0016658
27752744	1210	1215	death	T033	C1306577
27752744	1235	1265	Cox proportional hazards model	T081,T170	C0033489
27752744	1281	1289	fracture	T037	C0016658
27752744	1297	1306	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27752744	1312	1336	time-dependent predictor	T078	C2698872
27752744	1346	1368	frailty status indices	T170	C4075886
27752744	1372	1382	covariates	T080	C0205556
27752744	1387	1397	identified	T080	C0205396
27752744	1402	1411	fractures	T037	C0016658
27752744	1418	1421	men	T098	C0025266
27752744	1430	1436	deaths	T033	C1306577
27752744	1448	1457	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27752744	1458	1464	period	T079	C1948053
27752744	1466	1472	median	T082	C2939193
27752744	1473	1482	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27752744	1488	1493	years	T079	C0439234
27752744	1496	1508	Participants	T098	C0679646
27752744	1514	1522	incident	T067	C1551358
27752744	1523	1532	fractures	T037	C0016658
27752744	1537	1565	not have significantly worse	T033	C0243095
27752744	1566	1573	frailty	T033	C0424594
27752744	1574	1582	statuses	T080	C0449438
27752744	1599	1612	significantly	T078	C0750502
27752744	1613	1619	higher	T080	C0205250
27752744	1620	1630	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27752744	1631	1645	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27752744	1665	1674	fractures	T037	C0016658
27752744	1689	1701	Age-adjusted	T081	C4300468
27752744	1702	1714	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27752744	1716	1718	HR	T081	C2985465
27752744	1723	1728	death	T033	C1306577
27752744	1733	1741	incident	T067	C1551358
27752744	1742	1750	fracture	T037	C0016658
27752744	1766	1785	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27752744	1818	1838	physical performance	T032	C2607857
27752744	1845	1854	decreased	T081	C0205216
27752744	1890	1901	significant	T078	C0750502
27752744	1907	1909	HR	T081	C2985465
27752744	1917	1938	no significant change	T033	C0442739
27752744	1957	1980	laboratory test results	T034	C1254360
27752744	2002	2011	Exclusion	T052	C2828389
27752744	2015	2021	deaths	T033	C1306577
27752744	2042	2048	months	T079	C0439231
27752744	2052	2061	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27752744	2066	2075	not alter	T033	C0243095
27752744	2082	2089	results	T034	C0456984
27752744	2091	2099	Incident	T067	C1551358
27752744	2100	2108	clinical	T080	C0205210
27752744	2109	2117	fracture	T037	C0016658
27752744	2122	2137	associated with	T080	C0332281
27752744	2141	2149	elevated	T080	C3163633
27752744	2150	2154	risk	T078	C0035647
27752744	2158	2163	death	T033	C1306577
27752744	2164	2177	independently	T033	C1299583
27752744	2181	2193	pre-fracture	T037	C0016658
27752744	2194	2200	levels	T080	C0441889
27752744	2204	2211	frailty	T033	C0424594
27752744	2215	2233	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
27752744	2234	2241	elderly	T098	C0001792
27752744	2242	2245	men	T098	C0025266

27753022|t|Implementing Non-Invasive Prenatal Diagnosis (NIPD) in a National Health Service Laboratory; From Dominant to Recessive Disorders
27753022|a|Our UK National Health Service regional genetics laboratory offers NIPD for autosomal dominant and de novo conditions (achondroplasia, thanataphoric dysplasia, Apert syndrome), paternal mutation exclusion for cystic fibrosis and a range of bespoke tests. NIPD avoids the risks associated with invasive testing, making prenatal diagnosis more accessible to families at high genetic risk. However, the challenge remains in offering definitive diagnosis for autosomal recessive diseases, which is complicated by the predominance of the maternal mutant allele in the cell-free DNA sample and thus requires a variety of different approaches. Validation and diagnostic implementation for NIPD of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is further complicated by presence of a pseudogene that requires a different approach. We have used an assay targeting approximately 6700 heterozygous SNPs around the CAH gene (CYP21A2) to construct the high-risk parental haplotypes and tested this approach in five cases, showing that inheritance of the parental alleles can be correctly identified using NIPD. We are evaluating various measures of the fetal fraction to help determine inheritance of parental mutations. We are currently exploring the utility of an NIPD multi-disorder panel for autosomal recessive disease, to make testing more widely applicable to families with a variety of serious genetic conditions.
27753022	0	12	Implementing	T052	C1708476
27753022	13	25	Non-Invasive	T169	C0205303
27753022	26	44	Prenatal Diagnosis	T060	C0033053
27753022	46	50	NIPD	T060	C0033053
27753022	57	91	National Health Service Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27753022	98	106	Dominant	T169	C1527180
27753022	110	119	Recessive	T045	C0678943
27753022	120	129	Disorders	T047	C0012634
27753022	134	189	UK National Health Service regional genetics laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27753022	197	201	NIPD	T060	C0033053
27753022	206	224	autosomal dominant	T045	C0443147
27753022	229	236	de novo	T078	C1515568
27753022	237	247	conditions	T080	C0348080
27753022	249	263	achondroplasia	T019	C0001080
27753022	265	288	thanataphoric dysplasia	T019	C0039743
27753022	290	304	Apert syndrome	T019	C0001193
27753022	307	315	paternal	T080	C0337493
27753022	316	324	mutation	T045	C0026882
27753022	325	334	exclusion	T169	C0680251
27753022	339	354	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
27753022	370	383	bespoke tests	T060	C0683443
27753022	385	389	NIPD	T060	C0033053
27753022	401	406	risks	T033	C0035648
27753022	407	422	associated with	T080	C0332281
27753022	423	439	invasive testing	T060	C0430022
27753022	448	466	prenatal diagnosis	T060	C0033053
27753022	467	471	more	T081	C0205172
27753022	486	494	families	T099	C0015576
27753022	498	502	high	T080	C0205250
27753022	503	515	genetic risk	T081	C1517512
27753022	560	570	definitive	T079	C0443196
27753022	571	580	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27753022	585	613	autosomal recessive diseases	T047	C0265388
27753022	624	635	complicated	T169	C0231242
27753022	643	655	predominance	T080	C0332251
27753022	663	671	maternal	T099	C0026591
27753022	672	678	mutant	T049	C0596988
27753022	679	685	allele	T028	C0002085
27753022	693	706	cell-free DNA	T114	C4289789
27753022	707	713	sample	T077	C2347026
27753022	734	741	variety	T077	C2346866
27753022	745	754	different	T080	C1705242
27753022	755	765	approaches	T082	C0449445
27753022	767	777	Validation	T062	C1519941
27753022	782	792	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27753022	793	807	implementation	T052	C1708476
27753022	812	816	NIPD	T060	C0033053
27753022	820	850	congenital adrenal hyperplasia	T047	C0001627
27753022	852	855	CAH	T047	C0001627
27753022	868	879	complicated	T169	C0231242
27753022	883	891	presence	T033	C0150312
27753022	897	907	pseudogene	T028	C0033799
27753022	924	933	different	T080	C1705242
27753022	934	942	approach	T082	C0449445
27753022	960	965	assay	T059	C0005507
27753022	966	975	targeting	T169	C1521840
27753022	976	989	approximately	T080	C0332232
27753022	995	1007	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
27753022	1008	1012	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27753022	1024	1032	CAH gene	T028	C1413861
27753022	1034	1041	CYP21A2	T028	C1413861
27753022	1060	1069	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27753022	1070	1078	parental	T099	C0030551
27753022	1079	1089	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
27753022	1106	1114	approach	T082	C0449445
27753022	1143	1154	inheritance	T081	C0242538
27753022	1162	1170	parental	T099	C0030551
27753022	1171	1178	alleles	T028	C0002085
27753022	1196	1206	identified	T080	C0205396
27753022	1213	1217	NIPD	T060	C0033053
27753022	1245	1253	measures	T081	C0079809
27753022	1261	1266	fetal	T018	C0015965
27753022	1294	1305	inheritance	T081	C0242538
27753022	1309	1317	parental	T099	C0030551
27753022	1318	1327	mutations	T045	C0026882
27753022	1360	1367	utility	T080	C3827682
27753022	1374	1378	NIPD	T060	C0033053
27753022	1379	1399	multi-disorder panel	T059	C0022885
27753022	1404	1431	autosomal recessive disease	T047	C0265388
27753022	1441	1448	testing	T169	C0039593
27753022	1461	1471	applicable	T080	C1706839
27753022	1475	1483	families	T099	C0015576
27753022	1502	1509	serious	T080	C0205404
27753022	1510	1528	genetic conditions	T047	C0019247

27753194|t|Assessment of transient elastography in Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
27753194|a|Transient elastography (TE) is a non-invasive method for predicting liver fibrosis. However, there are limited data regarding the performance of TE in Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the association between liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by TE and liver fibrosis stage, and define a cut-off value for predicting liver fibrosis. A total of 171 Japanese patients with biopsy - proven NAFLD underwent LSM using TE with FibroScan. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of LSM and other non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis were compared to determine the most accurate method of predicting liver fibrosis. Liver stiffness measurement significantly correlated with fibrosis stage (P < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of LSM for fibrosis stage ≥1 and ≥3 was 0.85 and 0.91, respectively and were higher than those of the aspartate aminotransferase / alanine aminotransferase ratio, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4 index, and NAFLD fibrosis score. The best cut-off values of LSM fibrosis stage ≥1 and ≥3 were 7.2 kPa (sensitivity 78.5%, specificity 78.3%) and 10.0 kPa (sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 87.6%), respectively. The combination of LSM (≥10 kPa) and type IV collagen 7 s (≥6.0 ng/mL) had a specificity of 97.6% for advanced fibrosis. The LSM in patients with high alanine aminotransferase levels or high body mass index was associated with false positive results regarding advanced fibrosis. In NAFLD patients, TE has excellent utility for the assessment of liver fibrosis, particularly for advanced stage cases. The cut-off value of LSM by TE for predicting liver fibrosis stage ≥3 is 10.0 kPa in Japanese NAFLD patients.
27753194	0	10	Assessment	T052	C1516048
27753194	14	36	transient elastography	T060	C2748260
27753194	40	48	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27753194	49	57	patients	T101	C0030705
27753194	63	96	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	T047	C0400966
27753194	97	119	Transient elastography	T060	C2748260
27753194	121	123	TE	T060	C2748260
27753194	130	142	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27753194	143	149	method	T059	C0871511
27753194	154	164	predicting	T078	C0681842
27753194	165	179	liver fibrosis	T047	C0239946
27753194	200	207	limited	T169	C0439801
27753194	208	212	data	T078	C1511726
27753194	227	238	performance	T052	C1882330
27753194	242	244	TE	T060	C2748260
27753194	248	256	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27753194	257	265	patients	T101	C0030705
27753194	271	304	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	T047	C0400966
27753194	306	311	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27753194	317	322	aimed	T078	C1947946
27753194	326	334	evaluate	T052	C1516048
27753194	339	350	association	T080	C0439849
27753194	359	374	liver stiffness	T033	C4034374
27753194	375	386	measurement	T169	C0242485
27753194	388	391	LSM	T169	C0242485
27753194	396	398	TE	T060	C2748260
27753194	403	423	liver fibrosis stage	T033	C1954435
27753194	438	451	cut-off value	T081	C1522609
27753194	456	466	predicting	T078	C0681842
27753194	467	481	liver fibrosis	T047	C0239946
27753194	485	490	total	T080	C0439810
27753194	498	506	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27753194	507	515	patients	T101	C0030705
27753194	521	527	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27753194	530	536	proven	T080	C0456369
27753194	537	542	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27753194	553	556	LSM	T169	C0242485
27753194	563	565	TE	T060	C2748260
27753194	571	580	FibroScan	T060	C2748260
27753194	586	590	area	T082	C0205146
27753194	601	634	receiver operating characteristic	T081	C0034772
27753194	635	640	curve	T081	C0376690
27753194	644	647	LSM	T169	C0242485
27753194	658	670	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27753194	671	678	markers	T074	C2745888
27753194	682	696	liver fibrosis	T047	C0239946
27753194	702	710	compared	T052	C1707455
27753194	733	741	accurate	T080	C0443131
27753194	742	748	method	T059	C0871511
27753194	752	762	predicting	T078	C0681842
27753194	763	777	liver fibrosis	T047	C0239946
27753194	779	794	Liver stiffness	T033	C4034374
27753194	795	806	measurement	T169	C0242485
27753194	807	831	significantly correlated	T080	C1707520
27753194	837	851	fibrosis stage	T033	C1954435
27753194	869	874	areas	T082	C0205146
27753194	885	918	receiver operating characteristic	T081	C0034772
27753194	919	924	curve	T081	C0376690
27753194	928	931	LSM	T169	C0242485
27753194	936	950	fibrosis stage	T033	C1954435
27753194	1002	1008	higher	T080	C0205250
27753194	1027	1053	aspartate aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0004002
27753194	1056	1080	alanine aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0001899
27753194	1081	1086	ratio	T081	C0456603
27753194	1088	1114	aspartate aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0004002
27753194	1118	1126	platelet	T025	C0005821
27753194	1127	1138	ratio index	T170	C0918012
27753194	1140	1156	fibrosis-4 index	T170	C4304377
27753194	1162	1167	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27753194	1168	1182	fibrosis score	T081	C1954437
27753194	1188	1192	best	T080	C1522427
27753194	1193	1207	cut-off values	T081	C1522609
27753194	1211	1214	LSM	T169	C0242485
27753194	1215	1229	fibrosis stage	T033	C1954435
27753194	1249	1252	kPa	T081	C0439474
27753194	1254	1265	sensitivity	T081	C0392762
27753194	1273	1284	specificity	T081	C0037791
27753194	1301	1304	kPa	T081	C0439474
27753194	1306	1317	sensitivity	T081	C0392762
27753194	1325	1336	specificity	T081	C0037791
27753194	1363	1374	combination	T080	C0205195
27753194	1378	1381	LSM	T169	C0242485
27753194	1387	1390	kPa	T081	C0439474
27753194	1396	1412	type IV collagen	T116,T123	C0009333
27753194	1436	1447	specificity	T081	C0037791
27753194	1470	1478	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27753194	1484	1487	LSM	T169	C0242485
27753194	1491	1499	patients	T101	C0030705
27753194	1505	1509	high	T080	C0205250
27753194	1510	1534	alanine aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0001899
27753194	1535	1541	levels	T080	C0441889
27753194	1545	1549	high	T080	C0205250
27753194	1550	1565	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27753194	1570	1585	associated with	T080	C0332281
27753194	1586	1608	false positive results	T034	C0205557
27753194	1628	1636	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27753194	1641	1646	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27753194	1647	1655	patients	T101	C0030705
27753194	1657	1659	TE	T060	C2748260
27753194	1664	1673	excellent	T080	C1961136
27753194	1690	1700	assessment	T052	C1516048
27753194	1704	1718	liver fibrosis	T047	C0239946
27753194	1737	1757	advanced stage cases	T169	C0868928
27753194	1763	1776	cut-off value	T081	C1522609
27753194	1780	1783	LSM	T169	C0242485
27753194	1787	1789	TE	T060	C2748260
27753194	1794	1804	predicting	T078	C0681842
27753194	1805	1825	liver fibrosis stage	T033	C1954435
27753194	1837	1840	kPa	T081	C0439474
27753194	1844	1852	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27753194	1853	1858	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
27753194	1859	1867	patients	T101	C0030705

27754198|t|JS ISH-ECCR-3 A NOVEL ALGORITHM FOR THE CASE DETECTION OF THE MOST COMMON FORM OF ENDOCRINE HYPERTENSION
27754198|a|Primary aldosteronism (PA) involves more than 11% of patients referred to specialized hypertension centers and, therefore, is much more common than commonly held. Moreover, it causes a damage to the heart, blood vessels and kidneys, which translates into a high rate of cardiovascular events, in excess to the degree of blood pressure raise. Along with the notion that a timely diagnosis entails a fundamental step for the choice of an appropriate therapy, which can correct the arterial hypertension and the hypokalemia, this justifies efforts to search for PA in the majority of the patients with hypertension. Unfortunately, because of the lack of the classical signs, as spontaneous or drug-induced hypokalemia and related symptoms, PA deceives diagnosis in the majority of the cases .The identification of a curable form of primary aldosteronism can be beneficial particularly in some subgroups of patients, namely those with drug - resistant hypertension, who are at high risk of primary aldosteronism. An aggressive diagnostic approach is necessary in these patients, who can benefit most from an accurate diagnosis. Knowledge of the sodium intake and drug effects on the aldosterone-renin ratio is a key element for the diagnosis in these challenging cases .With the latest work-up endorsed by the Endocrine Society Guidelines and supported by the results of the AQUARR Study, the diagnostic algorithm for PA can be substantially simplified. This means skipping the so-called confirmatory tests in most cases and thus rendering the screening of PA feasible and affordable. Hence, most centers can nowadays exploit use of a cost - effective strategy to screen for patients with primary aldosteronism. At variance, the identification of primary aldosteronism subtypes, which involves adrenal vein sampling (AVS), should only be undertaken at tertiary referral centers that have experience in performing and interpreting this minimally invasive test .Overall, long-term cure biochemical cure can be consistently achieved when adrenalectomy is based on AVS - based identification of lateralized aldosterone excess. Moreover, long-term cure of hypertension, defined as no need for antihypertensive drug treatment, can be achieved in about 45% of the cases, with an additional 40% showing a marked improvement in blood pressure control. Lack of blood pressure normalization can be explained by misdiagnosis and/or concomitant essential hypertension.
27754198	0	13	JS ISH-ECCR-3	T170	C0679508
27754198	16	21	NOVEL	T080	C0205314
27754198	22	31	ALGORITHM	T170	C0002045
27754198	40	44	CASE	T169	C0868928
27754198	45	54	DETECTION	T061	C1511790
27754198	67	73	COMMON	T081	C0205214
27754198	74	78	FORM	T169	C1522492
27754198	82	104	ENDOCRINE HYPERTENSION	T047	C0264641
27754198	105	126	Primary aldosteronism	T047	C1384514
27754198	128	130	PA	T047	C1384514
27754198	158	166	patients	T101	C0030705
27754198	179	190	specialized	T077	C1704211
27754198	191	203	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27754198	204	211	centers	T073,T093	C0475309
27754198	241	247	common	T081	C0205214
27754198	281	287	causes	T169	C0015127
27754198	290	296	damage	T169	C1883709
27754198	304	309	heart	T023	C0018787
27754198	311	324	blood vessels	T023	C0005847
27754198	329	336	kidneys	T023	C0022646
27754198	362	371	high rate	T080	C0205082
27754198	375	396	cardiovascular events	T033	C1320716
27754198	401	407	excess	T080	C1979886
27754198	415	421	degree	T080	C0441889
27754198	425	445	blood pressure raise	T033	C0497247
27754198	476	482	timely	T080	C3827828
27754198	483	492	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27754198	493	500	entails	T080	C0027552
27754198	503	514	fundamental	T169	C1527178
27754198	515	519	step	T077	C1261552
27754198	528	534	choice	T055	C0008300
27754198	541	552	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27754198	553	560	therapy	T061	C0087111
27754198	572	579	correct	T080	C2349182
27754198	584	605	arterial hypertension	T047	C0020538
27754198	614	625	hypokalemia	T033	C0020621
27754198	653	659	search	T061	C0557959
27754198	664	666	PA	T047	C1384514
27754198	674	682	majority	T080	C0205164
27754198	690	698	patients	T101	C0030705
27754198	704	716	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27754198	748	752	lack	T080	C0332268
27754198	760	769	classical	T169	C0443177
27754198	770	775	signs	T184	C0037088
27754198	795	819	drug-induced hypokalemia	T034	C0342591
27754198	824	831	related	T080	C0439849
27754198	832	840	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27754198	842	844	PA	T047	C1384514
27754198	854	863	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27754198	871	879	majority	T080	C0205164
27754198	887	892	cases	T169	C0868928
27754198	898	912	identification	T080	C0205396
27754198	934	955	primary aldosteronism	T047	C1384514
27754198	990	994	some	T081	C0205392
27754198	995	1004	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27754198	1008	1016	patients	T101	C0030705
27754198	1036	1040	drug	T121	C0013227
27754198	1043	1052	resistant	T169	C0332325
27754198	1053	1065	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27754198	1078	1090	high risk of	T033	C0332167
27754198	1091	1112	primary aldosteronism	T047	C1384514
27754198	1128	1147	diagnostic approach	T060	C0430022
27754198	1151	1160	necessary	T169	C1514873
27754198	1170	1178	patients	T101	C0030705
27754198	1188	1195	benefit	T081	C0814225
27754198	1209	1217	accurate	T080	C0443131
27754198	1218	1227	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27754198	1229	1238	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
27754198	1246	1259	sodium intake	T201	C0489645
27754198	1264	1276	drug effects	T169	C0728866
27754198	1284	1307	aldosterone-renin ratio	T201	C1114689
27754198	1333	1342	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27754198	1364	1369	cases	T169	C0868928
27754198	1387	1394	work-up	T060	C0750430
27754198	1411	1439	Endocrine Society Guidelines	T170	C0162791
27754198	1444	1453	supported	T077	C1521721
27754198	1461	1468	results	T169	C1274040
27754198	1476	1488	AQUARR Study	T062	C2603343
27754198	1494	1514	diagnostic algorithm	T170	C0679508
27754198	1519	1521	PA	T047	C1384514
27754198	1543	1553	simplified	T052	C2986669
27754198	1589	1601	confirmatory	T080	C0521091
27754198	1602	1607	tests	T060	C0683443
27754198	1616	1621	cases	T169	C0868928
27754198	1631	1640	rendering	T052	C1999230
27754198	1645	1654	screening	T060	C1710031
27754198	1658	1660	PA	T047	C1384514
27754198	1698	1705	centers	T073,T093	C0475309
27754198	1727	1733	use of	T169	C1524063
27754198	1736	1740	cost	T081	C0010186
27754198	1743	1752	effective	T080	C1704419
27754198	1753	1761	strategy	T169	C2700391
27754198	1765	1771	screen	T058	C0220908
27754198	1776	1784	patients	T101	C0030705
27754198	1790	1811	primary aldosteronism	T047	C1384514
27754198	1816	1824	variance	T080	C1711260
27754198	1830	1844	identification	T080	C0205396
27754198	1848	1869	primary aldosteronism	T047	C1384514
27754198	1870	1878	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27754198	1895	1916	adrenal vein sampling	T060	C0457942
27754198	1918	1921	AVS	T060	C0457942
27754198	1953	1978	tertiary referral centers	T073,T093	C0587437
27754198	1989	1999	experience	T041	C0237607
27754198	2003	2013	performing	T055	C0597198
27754198	2018	2030	interpreting	T169	C1285553
27754198	2036	2059	minimally invasive test	T060	C0430022
27754198	2070	2079	long-term	T079	C0443252
27754198	2080	2084	cure	T077	C1880198
27754198	2085	2096	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27754198	2097	2101	cure	T077	C1880198
27754198	2109	2121	consistently	T080	C1524057
27754198	2136	2149	adrenalectomy	T061	C0001632
27754198	2153	2158	based	T169	C1527178
27754198	2162	2165	AVS	T060	C0457942
27754198	2168	2173	based	T169	C1527178
27754198	2174	2188	identification	T080	C0205396
27754198	2204	2215	aldosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0002006
27754198	2216	2222	excess	T080	C1979886
27754198	2234	2243	long-term	T079	C0443252
27754198	2244	2248	cure	T077	C1880198
27754198	2252	2264	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27754198	2277	2279	no	T169	C1518422
27754198	2280	2284	need	T080	C0027552
27754198	2289	2310	antihypertensive drug	T121	C0003364
27754198	2311	2320	treatment	T061	C0013216
27754198	2358	2363	cases	T169	C0868928
27754198	2373	2383	additional	T169	C1524062
27754198	2398	2404	marked	T080	C1706089
27754198	2405	2416	improvement	T077	C2986411
27754198	2420	2442	blood pressure control	T040	C1753303
27754198	2444	2448	Lack	T080	C0332268
27754198	2452	2466	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27754198	2501	2513	misdiagnosis	T033	C0679838
27754198	2521	2532	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27754198	2533	2555	essential hypertension	T047	C0085580

27754271|t|SY 17-1 DYNAMIC REGULATION OF REDOX REGULATING FACTOR APE1 / REF-1 ON THE OXIDATIVE STRESS AND VASCULAR INFLAMMATION
27754271|a|Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 / redox factor-1 (APE1 / Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to DNA damage and redox regulation against oxidative stress. APE1 / Ref-1 is essential for cellular survival and embryonic lethal in knockout mouse models. Heterozygous APE1 / Ref-1 mice showed impaired endothelium -dependent vasorelaxation, reduced vascular NO levels, and are hypertensive. APE1 / Ref-1 reduces intracellular reactive oxygen species production by negatively regulating the activity of the NADPH oxidase. APE1 / Ref-1 is predominantly localized in the nucleus; however, its subcellular localization is dynamically regulated. Recently, it was shown that APE1 / Ref-1 is secreted in response to hyperacetylation at specific lysine residues. We investigated the functions of extracellular APE1 / Ref-1 with respect to leading anti-inflammatory signaling in TNF-α -stimulated endothelial cells in response to acetylation. Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, considerably suppressed vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in TNF-α -stimulated endothelial cells. During TSA -mediated acetylation in culture, a time - dependent increase in secreted APE1 / Ref-1 was confirmed. Recombinant human APE1 / Ref-1 with reducing activity induced a conformational change in TNFR1 by thiol-disulfide exchange. Following treatment with the neutralizing anti- APE1 / Ref-1 antibody, inflammatory signals via the binding of TNF-α to TNFR1 were remarkably recovered. Furthermore, rh APE1 / Ref-1 inhibited IL-1β - induced VCAM-1 expression in endothelial cells, and it inhibited iNOS or COX-2 expression in lipopolysaccharide -stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. These results strongly indicate that anti-inflammatory effects of secreted APE1 / Ref-1 and its property of secreted APE1 / Ref-1 may be useful as a therapeutic biomolecule in cardiovascular disease.
27754271	16	26	REGULATION	T043	C1157519
27754271	30	35	REDOX	T044	C0030012
27754271	36	58	REGULATING FACTOR APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	61	66	REF-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	74	90	OXIDATIVE STRESS	T049	C0242606
27754271	95	116	VASCULAR INFLAMMATION	T047	C0947751
27754271	117	153	Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	156	170	redox factor-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	172	176	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	179	184	Ref-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	191	214	multifunctional protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27754271	248	279	cellular response to DNA damage	T043	C1155291
27754271	284	300	redox regulation	T043	C1655231
27754271	309	325	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27754271	327	331	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	334	339	Ref-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	357	374	cellular survival	T043	C0007620
27754271	379	395	embryonic lethal	T046	C0752350
27754271	399	413	knockout mouse	T015	C0206745
27754271	414	420	models	T008	C0887965
27754271	422	434	Heterozygous	T032	C0019425
27754271	435	439	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	442	452	Ref-1 mice	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	460	468	impaired	T037	C0010957
27754271	469	480	endothelium	T024	C0014257
27754271	492	506	vasorelaxation	T042	C0042401
27754271	508	515	reduced	T080	C0392756
27754271	516	524	vascular	T023	C0005847
27754271	525	534	NO levels	T059	C3810607
27754271	544	556	hypertensive	T033	C0857121
27754271	558	562	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	565	570	Ref-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	579	592	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27754271	593	616	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27754271	631	686	negatively regulating the activity of the NADPH oxidase	T044	C1151146
27754271	688	692	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	695	700	Ref-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	718	727	localized	T082	C0392752
27754271	735	742	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27754271	757	768	subcellular	T026	C0729605
27754271	769	781	localization	T169	C0475264
27754271	785	806	dynamically regulated	T038	C1327622
27754271	836	840	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	843	848	Ref-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	852	860	secreted	T043	C1327616
27754271	864	892	response to hyperacetylation	T044	C1521754
27754271	905	920	lysine residues	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
27754271	942	951	functions	T044	C1527118
27754271	955	968	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27754271	969	973	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	976	981	Ref-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	1006	1033	anti-inflammatory signaling	T044	C1148560
27754271	1037	1042	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27754271	1055	1072	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27754271	1076	1084	response	T043	C2612728
27754271	1088	1099	acetylation	T044	C1521754
27754271	1101	1115	Trichostatin A	T109,T195	C0077063
27754271	1117	1120	TSA	T109,T195	C0077063
27754271	1126	1158	inhibitor of histone deacetylase	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27754271	1173	1183	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27754271	1184	1217	vascular cell adhesion molecule-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27754271	1219	1225	VCAM-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27754271	1230	1235	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27754271	1248	1265	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27754271	1274	1277	TSA	T109,T195	C0077063
27754271	1288	1299	acetylation	T044	C1521754
27754271	1303	1310	culture	T059	C0430400
27754271	1314	1318	time	T079	C0040223
27754271	1321	1330	dependent	T080	C0851827
27754271	1331	1339	increase	T169	C0442805
27754271	1343	1351	secreted	T043	C1327616
27754271	1352	1356	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	1359	1364	Ref-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	1369	1378	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27754271	1380	1391	Recombinant	T116	C0034861
27754271	1392	1402	human APE1	T116,T126	C0140145
27754271	1405	1410	Ref-1	T116,T126	C0140145
27754271	1425	1433	activity	T044	C1537044
27754271	1434	1441	induced	T169	C0205263
27754271	1444	1465	conformational change	T044	C0301641
27754271	1469	1474	TNFR1	T116,T192	C0255808
27754271	1478	1502	thiol-disulfide exchange	T044	C1151052
27754271	1514	1523	treatment	T061	C0087111
27754271	1533	1545	neutralizing	T116,T129	C0475463
27754271	1552	1556	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	1559	1564	Ref-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	1565	1573	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27754271	1575	1595	inflammatory signals	T043	C0037083
27754271	1604	1611	binding	T044	C1167622
27754271	1615	1620	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27754271	1624	1629	TNFR1	T116,T192	C0255808
27754271	1646	1655	recovered	T080	C0521108
27754271	1670	1672	rh	T116	C0034861
27754271	1673	1677	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	1680	1685	Ref-1	T116,T126	C0140145
27754271	1686	1695	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27754271	1696	1701	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27754271	1704	1711	induced	T169	C0205263
27754271	1712	1718	VCAM-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27754271	1719	1729	expression	T045	C1171362
27754271	1733	1750	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27754271	1759	1768	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27754271	1769	1773	iNOS	T116,T126	C1533698
27754271	1777	1782	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27754271	1783	1793	expression	T045	C1171362
27754271	1797	1815	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27754271	1828	1854	RAW 264.7 macrophage cells	T025	C4042840
27754271	1893	1918	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
27754271	1922	1930	secreted	T043	C1327616
27754271	1931	1935	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	1938	1943	Ref-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	1964	1972	secreted	T043	C1327616
27754271	1973	1977	APE1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	1980	1985	Ref-1	T116,T126	C1451271
27754271	2005	2028	therapeutic biomolecule	T073	C0304231
27754271	2032	2054	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222

27754397|t|Total Energy Expenditure in Obese Kuwaiti Primary School Children Assessed by the Doubly-Labeled Water Technique
27754397|a|The aim of this pilot study was to assess body composition and total energy expenditure (TEE) in 35 obese 7-9 years old Kuwaiti children (18 girls and 17 boys). Total body water (TBW) and TEE were assessed by doubly-labeled water technique. TBW was derived from the intercept of the elimination rate of deuterium and TEE from the difference in elimination rates of (18)O and deuterium. TBW was used to estimate fat-free mass (FFM), using hydration factors for different ages and gender. Fat mass (FM) was calculated as the difference between body weight and FFM. Body weight was not statistically different but TBW was significantly higher (p = 0.018) in boys (44.9% ± 3.3%) than girls (42.4% ± 3.0%), while girls had significantly higher estimated FM (45.2 ± 3.9 weight % versus 41.6% ± 4.3%; p = 0.014). TEE was significantly higher in boys (2395 ± 349 kcal/day) compared with girls (1978 ± 169 kcal/day); p = 0.001. Estimated physical activity level (PAL) was significantly higher in boys; 1.61 ± 0.167 versus 1.51 ± 0.870; p = 0.034. Our results provide the first dataset of TEE in 7-9 years old obese Kuwaiti children and highlight important gender differences to be considered during the development of school based interventions targeted to combat childhood obesity.
27754397	0	24	Total Energy Expenditure	T033	C0429629
27754397	28	33	Obese	T047	C0028754
27754397	34	56	Kuwaiti Primary School	T073,T092	C0036375
27754397	57	65	Children	T100	C0008059
27754397	66	74	Assessed	T052	C1516048
27754397	82	112	Doubly-Labeled Water Technique	T169	C0449851
27754397	129	140	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27754397	148	154	assess	T052	C1516048
27754397	176	200	total energy expenditure	T033	C0429629
27754397	202	205	TEE	T033	C0429629
27754397	213	218	obese	T047	C0028754
27754397	223	228	years	T079	C0439234
27754397	233	240	Kuwaiti	T098	C1257890
27754397	241	249	children	T100	C0008059
27754397	254	259	girls	T100	C0870604
27754397	267	271	boys	T100	C0870221
27754397	274	290	Total body water	T033	C0429632
27754397	292	295	TBW	T033	C0429632
27754397	301	304	TEE	T033	C0429629
27754397	310	318	assessed	T052	C1516048
27754397	322	352	doubly-labeled water technique	T169	C0449851
27754397	354	357	TBW	T033	C0429632
27754397	379	388	intercept	T081	C3146232
27754397	396	412	elimination rate	T033	C0231360
27754397	416	425	deuterium	T196	C0011744
27754397	430	433	TEE	T033	C0429629
27754397	443	453	difference	T081	C1705241
27754397	457	474	elimination rates	T033	C0231360
27754397	478	483	(18)O	T121,T196	C0030061
27754397	488	497	deuterium	T196	C0011744
27754397	499	502	TBW	T033	C0429632
27754397	515	523	estimate	T081	C0750572
27754397	524	537	fat-free mass	T033	C0424679
27754397	539	542	FFM	T033	C0424679
27754397	551	560	hydration	T067	C0596317
27754397	561	568	factors	T169	C1521761
27754397	583	587	ages	T032	C0001779
27754397	592	598	gender	T032	C0079399
27754397	600	608	Fat mass	T032	C3656665
27754397	610	612	FM	T032	C3656665
27754397	618	628	calculated	T052	C1441506
27754397	636	646	difference	T081	C1705241
27754397	655	666	body weight	T032	C0005910
27754397	671	674	FFM	T033	C0424679
27754397	676	687	Body weight	T032	C0005910
27754397	696	719	statistically different	T081	C1705241
27754397	724	727	TBW	T033	C0429632
27754397	732	752	significantly higher	T080	C0205250
27754397	768	772	boys	T100	C0870221
27754397	793	798	girls	T100	C0870604
27754397	821	826	girls	T100	C0870604
27754397	831	851	significantly higher	T080	C0205250
27754397	852	861	estimated	T081	C0750572
27754397	862	864	FM	T032	C3656665
27754397	919	922	TEE	T033	C0429629
27754397	927	947	significantly higher	T080	C0205250
27754397	951	955	boys	T100	C0870221
27754397	992	997	girls	T100	C0870604
27754397	1032	1041	Estimated	T081	C0750572
27754397	1042	1065	physical activity level	T033	C3694575
27754397	1067	1070	PAL	T033	C3694575
27754397	1076	1096	significantly higher	T080	C0205250
27754397	1100	1104	boys	T100	C0870221
27754397	1155	1162	results	T169	C1274040
27754397	1181	1188	dataset	T170	C0150098
27754397	1192	1195	TEE	T033	C0429629
27754397	1203	1208	years	T079	C0439234
27754397	1213	1218	obese	T047	C0028754
27754397	1219	1226	Kuwaiti	T098	C1257890
27754397	1227	1235	children	T100	C0008059
27754397	1260	1278	gender differences	T032	C0036866
27754397	1322	1348	school based interventions	T058	C0679800
27754397	1368	1385	childhood obesity	T047	C2362324

27754446|t|Synthesis and In Vitro Cytotoxic Properties of Polycarbo-Substituted 4-(Arylamino)quinazolines
27754446|a|Herein, we describe the synthesis of novel unsymmetrical polycarbo-substituted 4-anilinoquinazolines derived from the 2-aryl-6-bromo-8-iodoquinazolines via one-pot three-step reaction sequences involving initial amination and subsequent double cross-coupling (bis-Suzuki, Sonogashira/Stille or Sonogashira/Suzuki-Miyaura) reactions with different cross coupling partners for the two carbon-carbon bond formation steps. The 4-anilinoquinazolines were evaluated for potential cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines, namely, human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells, human cervical cancer (HeLa) and human lung cancer (A549) cells. The most active compounds, 2b, 2c, 3c, 4a, 4c and 5a, were found to be more selective against the MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines than the human lung carcinoma (A549) cells. We selected compounds 2c, 3c and 7a as representatives for further evaluation for potential to induce apoptosis and/or necrotic properties in the three cancer cell lines. Compound 2c induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells through cell membrane alteration. Treatment of Hela and A549 cell lines with compounds 3c and 7a, respectively, led to caspase-3 activation in both cell lines. Compound 3c, on the other hand, caused more necrosis than apoptosis induction in the membrane alteration assay.
27754446	0	9	Synthesis	T052	C1883254
27754446	14	22	In Vitro	T080	C1533691
27754446	23	32	Cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27754446	33	43	Properties	T080	C0871161
27754446	47	94	Polycarbo-Substituted 4-(Arylamino)quinazolines	T109	C0034407
27754446	119	128	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27754446	132	137	novel	T080	C0205314
27754446	138	195	unsymmetrical polycarbo-substituted 4-anilinoquinazolines	T109	C0034407
27754446	196	203	derived	T080	C1441547
27754446	213	246	2-aryl-6-bromo-8-iodoquinazolines	T109	C0034407
27754446	251	288	one-pot three-step reaction sequences	T067	C0596319
27754446	307	316	amination	T070	C0002505
27754446	321	331	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27754446	332	426	double cross-coupling (bis-Suzuki, Sonogashira/Stille or Sonogashira/Suzuki-Miyaura) reactions	T067	C0596319
27754446	442	465	cross coupling partners	T109	C0029224
27754446	478	506	carbon-carbon bond formation	T070	C0596391
27754446	518	539	4-anilinoquinazolines	T109	C0034407
27754446	559	568	potential	T080	C3245505
27754446	569	581	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27754446	582	589	against	T080	C0521124
27754446	596	613	cancer cell lines	T025	C0085983
27754446	623	664	human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells	T025	C0596890
27754446	666	687	human cervical cancer	T025	C0018873
27754446	689	693	HeLa	T025	C0018873
27754446	699	729	human lung cancer (A549) cells	T025	C4277577
27754446	740	756	active compounds	T103	C1706082
27754446	758	760	2b	T109	C0034407
27754446	762	764	2c	T109	C0034407
27754446	766	768	3c	T109	C0034407
27754446	770	772	4a	T109	C0034407
27754446	774	776	4c	T109	C0034407
27754446	781	783	5a	T109	C0034407
27754446	829	834	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
27754446	839	843	HeLa	T025	C0018873
27754446	844	854	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27754446	864	897	human lung carcinoma (A549) cells	T025	C4277577
27754446	911	920	compounds	T103	C1706082
27754446	921	923	2c	T109	C0034407
27754446	925	927	3c	T109	C0034407
27754446	932	934	7a	T109	C0034407
27754446	981	990	potential	T080	C3245505
27754446	994	1000	induce	T169	C0205263
27754446	1001	1010	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27754446	1018	1037	necrotic properties	T042	C0027540
27754446	1051	1068	cancer cell lines	T025	C0085983
27754446	1070	1081	Compound 2c	T109	C0034407
27754446	1082	1089	induced	T169	C0205263
27754446	1090	1099	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27754446	1103	1114	MCF-7 cells	T025	C0596890
27754446	1123	1147	cell membrane alteration	T049	C0544958
27754446	1149	1158	Treatment	T169	C1522326
27754446	1162	1166	Hela	T025	C0018873
27754446	1171	1175	A549	T025	C4277577
27754446	1176	1186	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27754446	1192	1204	compounds 3c	T109	C0034407
27754446	1209	1211	7a	T109	C0034407
27754446	1234	1254	caspase-3 activation	T044	C1159825
27754446	1263	1273	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27754446	1275	1286	Compound 3c	T109	C0034407
27754446	1319	1327	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27754446	1333	1342	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27754446	1343	1352	induction	T169	C0205263
27754446	1360	1379	membrane alteration	UnknownType	C0541642
27754446	1380	1385	assay	T059	C1510438

27754781|t|Quantification of leakage of sub-micron aerosols through surgical masks and facemasks for pediatric use
27754781|a|Surgical respirators, surgical masks (SMs), and facemasks for pediatric use (FPUs) are routinely used in the U.S. healthcare industry as personal protective equipment (PPE) against infectious diseases. While N95s including surgical respirators have been routinely studied, SMs and FPUs have not received as much attention, particularly in the context of aerosolized threats. This is because SMs and PFUs are not designed to protect against sub-micron aerosols. However, with the possibility of new or re-emerging airborne diseases or bio-aerosol weapons lingering, combined with the limited availability of respirators and logistical issues associated with fit-testing millions, the general adult and pediatric populations may elect to wear SMs and FPUs, respectively, in the case of a pandemic or a bio-terrorist attack. When a person dons a PPE, gaps are created between the wearer's face and the PPE, and aerosols leaking through these gaps can be an important contributor to the risk of infection compared to filtered aerosols. To understand and quantify the contribution of leakage of aerosols through gaps, with particular emphasis on SMs and FPUs, this study investigated leakage of charge-neutralized, polydispersed, dried sodium-chloride aerosols across different brands of PPE. Different breathing rates, aerosol particle sizes, and gap sizes were considered. A few major findings of this study were: (a) leakage, is not a strong function of sub-micron aerosol size; (b) for the same gap size, leakage of aerosols through surgical respirators can often be higher than in SMs and FPUs; and (c) as the gap size increases, the increase in leakage through surgical respirators is higher compared for SMs and FPUs, implying that some SMs and FPUs that possess electret layers may be preferable to N95s that have not been fit-tested. The results obtained can also be used to explain conflicting findings from clinical studies on the effectiveness of SMs when compared to N95s and can be input into risk-assessment models to determine the increase in infection rate resulting from deployment of PPE under less-than-ideal conditions.
27754781	0	14	Quantification	T081	C1709793
27754781	18	25	leakage	T033	C4281748
27754781	29	39	sub-micron	T081	C0392762
27754781	40	48	aerosols	T073	C0001712
27754781	49	56	through	T169	C0332273
27754781	57	71	surgical masks	T074	C0181758
27754781	76	85	facemasks	T074	C0024861
27754781	90	99	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27754781	100	103	use	T169	C0457083
27754781	104	124	Surgical respirators	T074	C0677448
27754781	126	140	surgical masks	T074	C0181758
27754781	142	145	SMs	T074	C0181758
27754781	152	161	facemasks	T074	C0024861
27754781	166	175	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27754781	181	185	FPUs	T074	C0024861
27754781	213	216	U.S	T083	C0041703
27754781	218	237	healthcare industry	T093	C0525051
27754781	241	270	personal protective equipment	T073	C1443871
27754781	272	275	PPE	T073	C1443871
27754781	277	284	against	T080	C0521124
27754781	285	304	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
27754781	312	316	N95s	T061	C2922048
27754781	317	326	including	T169	C0332257
27754781	327	347	surgical respirators	T074	C0677448
27754781	377	380	SMs	T074	C0181758
27754781	385	389	FPUs	T074	C0024861
27754781	395	407	not received	T033	C3845783
27754781	416	425	attention	T041	C0004268
27754781	447	454	context	T078	C0449255
27754781	458	469	aerosolized	T073	C0001712
27754781	470	477	threats	T078	C0749385
27754781	495	498	SMs	T074	C0181758
27754781	503	507	PFUs	T074	C0024861
27754781	528	535	protect	T169	C1553199
27754781	536	543	against	T080	C0521124
27754781	544	554	sub-micron	T081	C0392762
27754781	555	563	aerosols	T073	C0001712
27754781	617	625	airborne	T169	C3242389
27754781	626	634	diseases	T047	C0012634
27754781	638	667	bio-aerosol weapons lingering	T037	C0481107
27754781	669	677	combined	T080	C0205195
27754781	687	694	limited	T169	C0439801
27754781	695	710	availability of	T169	C0470187
27754781	711	722	respirators	T074	C0087153
27754781	745	760	associated with	T080	C0332281
27754781	761	772	fit-testing	T057	C0337137
27754781	795	800	adult	T100	C0001675
27754781	805	814	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27754781	815	826	populations	T098	C1257890
27754781	831	844	elect to wear	T033	C0243095
27754781	845	848	SMs	T074	C0181758
27754781	853	857	FPUs	T074	C0024861
27754781	890	898	pandemic	T067	C1615608
27754781	904	924	bio-terrorist attack	T051	C1443843
27754781	933	939	person	T098	C0027361
27754781	947	950	PPE	T073	C1443871
27754781	952	956	gaps	T082	C3887622
27754781	981	994	wearer's face	T029	C0015450
27754781	1003	1006	PPE	T073	C1443871
27754781	1012	1020	aerosols	T073	C0001712
27754781	1021	1028	leaking	T169	C0332234
27754781	1029	1036	through	T169	C0332273
27754781	1043	1047	gaps	T082	C3887622
27754781	1087	1104	risk of infection	T033	C0582147
27754781	1105	1113	compared	T052	C1707455
27754781	1117	1125	filtered	T068	C0016107
27754781	1126	1134	aerosols	T073	C0001712
27754781	1154	1162	quantify	T081	C1709793
27754781	1167	1179	contribution	T052	C1880177
27754781	1183	1190	leakage	T033	C4281748
27754781	1194	1202	aerosols	T073	C0001712
27754781	1203	1210	through	T169	C0332273
27754781	1211	1215	gaps	T082	C3887622
27754781	1245	1248	SMs	T074	C0181758
27754781	1253	1257	FPUs	T074	C0024861
27754781	1270	1282	investigated	T169	C1292732
27754781	1283	1290	leakage	T033	C4281748
27754781	1294	1312	charge-neutralized	T067	C2825492
27754781	1314	1327	polydispersed	T077	C3641149
27754781	1329	1334	dried	T080	C1512080
27754781	1335	1350	sodium-chloride	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
27754781	1351	1359	aerosols	T073	C0001712
27754781	1367	1376	different	T080	C1705242
27754781	1377	1383	brands	T170	C0592503
27754781	1387	1390	PPE	T073	C1443871
27754781	1392	1401	Different	T080	C1705242
27754781	1402	1417	breathing rates	T201	C0231832
27754781	1419	1426	aerosol	T073	C0001712
27754781	1427	1441	particle sizes	T081	C0030608
27754781	1447	1456	gap sizes	T082	C0456389
27754781	1480	1485	major	T080	C0205164
27754781	1486	1494	findings	T169	C2607943
27754781	1519	1526	leakage	T033	C4281748
27754781	1537	1543	strong	T080	C0442821
27754781	1544	1552	function	T169	C0542341
27754781	1556	1566	sub-micron	T081	C0392762
27754781	1567	1574	aerosol	T073	C0001712
27754781	1575	1579	size	T082	C0456389
27754781	1598	1606	gap size	T082	C0456389
27754781	1608	1615	leakage	T033	C4281748
27754781	1619	1627	aerosols	T073	C0001712
27754781	1628	1635	through	T169	C0332273
27754781	1636	1656	surgical respirators	T074	C0677448
27754781	1670	1676	higher	T080	C0205250
27754781	1685	1688	SMs	T074	C0181758
27754781	1693	1697	FPUs	T074	C0024861
27754781	1714	1722	gap size	T082	C0456389
27754781	1723	1732	increases	T169	C0442805
27754781	1738	1746	increase	T169	C0442805
27754781	1750	1757	leakage	T033	C4281748
27754781	1758	1765	through	T169	C0332273
27754781	1766	1786	surgical respirators	T074	C0677448
27754781	1797	1805	compared	T052	C1707455
27754781	1810	1813	SMs	T074	C0181758
27754781	1818	1822	FPUs	T074	C0024861
27754781	1843	1846	SMs	T074	C0181758
27754781	1851	1855	FPUs	T074	C0024861
27754781	1861	1868	possess	T078	C3154893
27754781	1869	1884	electret layers	T080	C0205556
27754781	1906	1910	N95s	T061	C2922048
27754781	1930	1940	fit-tested	T057	C0337137
27754781	2017	2033	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27754781	2041	2054	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27754781	2058	2061	SMs	T074	C0181758
27754781	2067	2075	compared	T052	C1707455
27754781	2079	2083	N95s	T061	C2922048
27754781	2106	2128	risk-assessment models	T170	C0282574
27754781	2146	2154	increase	T169	C0442805
27754781	2158	2167	infection	T046	C3714514
27754781	2168	2172	rate	T081	C1521828
27754781	2202	2205	PPE	T073	C1443871

27755168|t|Mesenchymal stromal cells in clinical kidney transplantation: how tolerant can it be?
27755168|a|Progress in the improvement of short-term and long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation seems to have reached a plateau, partially due to consequences of very efficient, but nonspecific immunosuppressive drugs. In recent years, various forms of cell therapy, including the use of mesenchymal stromal cells, have been put forward as an alternative strategy for more defined therapy. It is thought that these therapies will not only allow controlled tapering of immunosuppressive medication, but might bring us also closer to the ambition of generating donor -specific immune regulation and tolerance. Different forms of alloimmunity, including direct, indirect and semi-direct alloantigen presentation have to be controlled before donor -specific immune regulation can be reached. Several mechanisms have been described how mesenchymal stromal cells can affect alloimmunity. Especially, the interaction with professional antigen presenting cells, like dendritic cells, is of critical importance. This review will discuss the current status of ongoing clinical trials with mesenchymal stromal cells in kidney transplantation and specifically concentrate on the possibilities and impossibilities of how these therapeutic strategies can contribute to control of the different forms of alloreactivity operation in organ transplantation.
27755168	0	25	Mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27755168	29	37	clinical	T080	C0205210
27755168	38	60	kidney transplantation	T061	C0022671
27755168	66	74	tolerant	T169	C0231198
27755168	86	94	Progress	T169	C1280477
27755168	102	113	improvement	T077	C2986411
27755168	117	127	short-term	T079	C0443303
27755168	132	141	long-term	T079	C0443252
27755168	142	150	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27755168	154	176	kidney transplantation	T061	C0022671
27755168	201	208	plateau	T081	C2964353
27755168	227	242	consequences of	T169	C0686907
27755168	248	257	efficient	T080	C0442799
27755168	263	274	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27755168	275	298	immunosuppressive drugs	T121,T129	C0021081
27755168	334	346	cell therapy	T061	C0302189
27755168	369	394	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27755168	424	435	alternative	T077	C1523987
27755168	436	444	strategy	T170	C0679716
27755168	462	469	therapy	T061	C0087111
27755168	496	505	therapies	T061	C0087111
27755168	526	536	controlled	T169	C2587213
27755168	537	545	tapering	T058	C0441640
27755168	549	577	immunosuppressive medication	T121,T129	C0021081
27755168	617	625	ambition	T041	C0870128
27755168	629	639	generating	T052	C3146294
27755168	640	645	donor	T098	C0013018
27755168	656	673	immune regulation	T040	C1327458
27755168	678	687	tolerance	T046	C0020963
27755168	708	720	alloimmunity	T042	C0598604
27755168	732	738	direct	T080	C0439851
27755168	740	748	indirect	T080	C0439852
27755168	753	764	semi-direct	T080	C0205556
27755168	765	776	alloantigen	T129	C0002131
27755168	819	824	donor	T098	C0013018
27755168	835	852	immune regulation	T040	C1327458
27755168	877	887	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27755168	912	937	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27755168	949	961	alloimmunity	T042	C0598604
27755168	979	990	interaction	T043	C0007582
27755168	1009	1033	antigen presenting cells	T025	C0003315
27755168	1040	1055	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
27755168	1063	1071	critical	T080	C1511545
27755168	1072	1082	importance	T080	C3898777
27755168	1113	1120	current	T079	C0521116
27755168	1121	1127	status	T080	C0449438
27755168	1139	1154	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27755168	1160	1185	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27755168	1189	1211	kidney transplantation	T061	C0022671
27755168	1295	1317	therapeutic strategies	T061	C0087111
27755168	1322	1332	contribute	T052	C1880177
27755168	1336	1343	control	T080	C0243148
27755168	1370	1384	alloreactivity	T042	C0598604
27755168	1398	1419	organ transplantation	T061	C0029216

27755272|t|Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Connect: A Novel Volunteer Program for Hospitalized Patients with IBD and Their Families
27755272|a|Patients with inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) often require hospitalization and this experience is stressful. Health care providers frequently do not have adequate time to address the emotional impact of the hospitalization on the patient and family. Nonmedical support for inpatients was identified as an unmet need by a Crohn's disease patient's family. This led to the development of a volunteer peer specialist network, IBD Connect, where peer volunteers visit hospitalized patients with IBD to offer emotional support and educational materials. We aimed to determine the feasibility of incorporating IBD Connect into an inpatient IBD service, evaluate the impact of IBD Connect on patients' willingness to share their disease experience with family and friends, and improve stress. Since the inception of IBD Connect in 2012, peer volunteers have made 1469 total visits to 677 unique inpatients. Patient satisfaction of IBD Connect has been favorable with a significant decrease in stress related to the hospitalization. Similarly, there was significant increase in patients sharing their IBD diagnosis and experience with family and friends. Patients and their families are willing to share important information and ask questions to volunteers that may not have been discussed with their health care providers. In an era of patient-reported outcomes and patient-centered care, peer volunteers are an important component of chronic disease management and should be incorporated into IBD inpatient health care teams.
27755272	0	26	Inflammatory Bowel Disease	T047	C0021390
27755272	28	31	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	33	40	Connect	T052	C2986575
27755272	44	49	Novel	T080	C0205314
27755272	50	59	Volunteer	T098	C0020155
27755272	60	67	Program	T058	C0032678
27755272	72	93	Hospitalized Patients	T101	C0870668
27755272	99	102	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	113	121	Families	T099	C0015576
27755272	122	130	Patients	T101	C0030705
27755272	136	162	inflammatory Bowel Disease	T047	C0021390
27755272	164	167	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	169	174	often	T079	C0332183
27755272	183	198	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27755272	208	218	experience	T041	C0596545
27755272	222	231	stressful	T169	C0231297
27755272	233	254	Health care providers	T097	C0018724
27755272	255	265	frequently	T079	C0332183
27755272	278	286	adequate	T080	C0205411
27755272	287	291	time	T079	C0040223
27755272	307	316	emotional	T033	C0849912
27755272	317	323	impact	T080	C4049986
27755272	331	346	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27755272	354	361	patient	T101	C0030705
27755272	366	372	family	T099	C0015576
27755272	374	384	Nonmedical	T056	C0598464
27755272	385	392	support	T061	C0344211
27755272	397	407	inpatients	T101	C0021562
27755272	412	422	identified	T080	C0205396
27755272	429	439	unmet need	T033	C4061640
27755272	445	460	Crohn's disease	T047	C0010346
27755272	461	477	patient's family	T099	C0015576
27755272	495	506	development	T169	C1527148
27755272	512	521	volunteer	T098	C0020155
27755272	522	526	peer	T098	C0679739
27755272	527	537	specialist	T097	C1611835
27755272	538	546	network,	T169	C1882071
27755272	547	550	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	551	558	Connect	T052	C2986575
27755272	566	570	peer	T098	C0679739
27755272	571	581	volunteers	T098	C0020155
27755272	588	609	hospitalized patients	T101	C0870668
27755272	615	618	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	628	637	emotional	T033	C0849912
27755272	638	645	support	T054	C0037438
27755272	650	671	educational materials	T073	C3273359
27755272	676	681	aimed	T078	C1947946
27755272	699	710	feasibility	T080	C0443348
27755272	714	727	incorporating	T052	C2700399
27755272	728	731	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	732	739	Connect	T052	C2986575
27755272	748	757	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27755272	758	761	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	762	769	service	T058	C0018747
27755272	784	790	impact	T080	C4049986
27755272	794	797	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	798	805	Connect	T052	C2986575
27755272	809	830	patients' willingness	T033	C1318963
27755272	834	839	share	T054	C0237876
27755272	846	853	disease	T047	C0012634
27755272	854	864	experience	T041	C0596545
27755272	870	876	family	T099	C0015576
27755272	881	888	friends	T098	C0079382
27755272	894	901	improve	T033	C0184511
27755272	902	908	stress	T046	C0449430
27755272	920	929	inception	T169	C1522492
27755272	933	936	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	937	944	Connect	T052	C2986575
27755272	954	958	peer	T098	C0679739
27755272	959	969	volunteers	T098	C0020155
27755272	985	990	total	T080	C0439810
27755272	991	997	visits	T058	C1512346
27755272	1005	1011	unique	T080	C1710548
27755272	1012	1022	inpatients	T101	C0021562
27755272	1024	1044	Patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27755272	1048	1051	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	1052	1059	Connect	T052	C2986575
27755272	1069	1078	favorable	T080	C3640814
27755272	1086	1097	significant	T078	C0750502
27755272	1098	1106	decrease	T081	C0547047
27755272	1110	1116	stress	T046	C0449430
27755272	1117	1124	related	T080	C0439849
27755272	1132	1147	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27755272	1170	1181	significant	T078	C0750502
27755272	1182	1190	increase	T169	C0442805
27755272	1194	1202	patients	T101	C0030705
27755272	1203	1210	sharing	T054	C0237876
27755272	1217	1220	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	1221	1230	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27755272	1235	1245	experience	T041	C0596545
27755272	1251	1257	family	T099	C0015576
27755272	1262	1269	friends	T098	C0079382
27755272	1271	1279	Patients	T101	C0030705
27755272	1290	1298	families	T099	C0015576
27755272	1303	1310	willing	T033	C0600109
27755272	1314	1319	share	T054	C0237876
27755272	1320	1329	important	T080	C3898777
27755272	1330	1341	information	T078	C1533716
27755272	1346	1359	ask questions	T033	C0566217
27755272	1363	1373	volunteers	T098	C0020155
27755272	1397	1406	discussed	T054	C2584313
27755272	1418	1439	health care providers	T097	C0018724
27755272	1454	1479	patient-reported outcomes	T170	C2987124
27755272	1484	1505	patient-centered care	T058	C0243024
27755272	1507	1511	peer	T098	C0679739
27755272	1512	1522	volunteers	T098	C0020155
27755272	1530	1539	important	T080	C3898777
27755272	1553	1568	chronic disease	T047	C0008679
27755272	1569	1579	management	T058	C0376636
27755272	1612	1615	IBD	T047	C0021390
27755272	1616	1625	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27755272	1626	1643	health care teams	T058	C0086390

27755647|t|Effect of Oak Chips on Evolution of Phenolic Compounds and Color Attributes of Bog Bilberry Syrup Wine During Bottle-Aging
27755647|a|This study investigated the evolution of phenolic compounds of bog bilberry syrup wine during a bottle-aging process, and further estimated the oak chip treatment on the wine color alteration. The wine was macerated with oak chips (2 or 5 g/L under light or medium toasting level) for 20 d and then bottle-aged for 6 mo. Results showed that the oak chip treatment significantly increased the content of phenolic compounds and enhanced the copigmented anthocyanin level before aging. It also resulted in an increase on a(*) and C(*) but a decrease on L(*), b(*), and H(*) of the wine. During aging process, a content decrease of total phenol and antioxidant capacity of the wine was observed. Phenolic acids, flavonol glycosides, and anthocyanins reduced the content, whereas flavonol increased the content. Free and copigmented anthocyanin levels decreased, whereas polymerized anthocyanins level increased. This process caused an increase on L(*), b(*), and H(*), but a decrease on a(*) and C(*). The oak chip treatment delayed the wine color change and its effect was mainly depended on the addition amount. Partial least square regression revealed that flavonol glycosides, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins displayed a positive correlation with L(*), b(*), and H(*), but a negative correlation with a(*) and C(*). Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide, myricetin-3-O-galactoside, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin exerted a more important effect on the color alteration in wine.
27755647	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27755647	10	19	Oak Chips	T002	C0330302
27755647	23	32	Evolution	T169	C0332253
27755647	36	54	Phenolic Compounds	T109,T121	C0359916
27755647	59	75	Color Attributes	T080	C0009393
27755647	79	91	Bog Bilberry	T002	C1213470
27755647	92	97	Syrup	T168	C0458173
27755647	98	102	Wine	T168	C0043188
27755647	110	122	Bottle-Aging	T067	C1522240
27755647	134	146	investigated	T169	C1292732
27755647	151	160	evolution	T169	C0332253
27755647	164	182	phenolic compounds	T109,T121	C0359916
27755647	186	198	bog bilberry	T002	C1213470
27755647	199	204	syrup	T168	C0458173
27755647	205	209	wine	T168	C0043188
27755647	219	239	bottle-aging process	T067	C1522240
27755647	253	262	estimated	T081	C0750572
27755647	267	275	oak chip	T002	C0330302
27755647	276	285	treatment	T169	C1522326
27755647	293	297	wine	T168	C0043188
27755647	298	303	color	T080	C0009393
27755647	304	314	alteration	T078	C1515926
27755647	320	324	wine	T168	C0043188
27755647	329	338	macerated	T169	C0333526
27755647	344	353	oak chips	T002	C0330302
27755647	372	377	light	T070	C0023693
27755647	381	387	medium	T081	C0439536
27755647	388	402	toasting level	T080	C0205556
27755647	422	433	bottle-aged	T067	C1522240
27755647	468	476	oak chip	T002	C0330302
27755647	477	486	treatment	T169	C1522326
27755647	487	500	significantly	T078	C0750502
27755647	501	510	increased	T081	C0205217
27755647	515	522	content	T078	C1550605
27755647	526	544	phenolic compounds	T109,T121	C0359916
27755647	549	557	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27755647	562	573	copigmented	T080	C0333610
27755647	574	585	anthocyanin	T109	C0003161
27755647	586	591	level	T080	C0441889
27755647	592	598	before	T079	C0332152
27755647	599	604	aging	T067	C1522240
27755647	629	637	increase	T169	C0442805
27755647	641	645	a(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	650	654	C(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	661	669	decrease	T081	C0547047
27755647	673	677	L(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	679	683	b(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	689	693	H(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	701	705	wine	T168	C0043188
27755647	714	727	aging process	T067	C1522240
27755647	731	738	content	T078	C1550605
27755647	739	747	decrease	T081	C0547047
27755647	751	756	total	T080	C0439810
27755647	757	763	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
27755647	768	779	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27755647	780	788	capacity	T081	C1516240
27755647	796	800	wine	T168	C0043188
27755647	805	813	observed	T169	C1441672
27755647	815	829	Phenolic acids	T109	C0070574
27755647	831	850	flavonol glycosides	T109	C0017977
27755647	856	868	anthocyanins	T109	C0003161
27755647	869	876	reduced	T080	C0392756
27755647	881	888	content	T078	C1550605
27755647	898	906	flavonol	T109,T121	C0060444
27755647	907	916	increased	T081	C0205217
27755647	921	928	content	T078	C1550605
27755647	930	934	Free	T169	C0332296
27755647	939	950	copigmented	T080	C0333610
27755647	951	962	anthocyanin	T109	C0003161
27755647	963	969	levels	T080	C0441889
27755647	970	979	decreased	T081	C0205216
27755647	989	1000	polymerized	T067	C0314672
27755647	1001	1013	anthocyanins	T109	C0003161
27755647	1014	1019	level	T080	C0441889
27755647	1020	1029	increased	T081	C0205217
27755647	1036	1043	process	T067	C1522240
27755647	1054	1062	increase	T169	C0442805
27755647	1066	1070	L(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	1072	1076	b(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	1082	1086	H(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	1094	1102	decrease	T081	C0547047
27755647	1106	1110	a(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	1115	1119	C(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	1125	1133	oak chip	T002	C0330302
27755647	1134	1143	treatment	T169	C1522326
27755647	1144	1151	delayed	T079	C0205421
27755647	1156	1160	wine	T168	C0043188
27755647	1161	1173	color change	T080	C0475330
27755647	1182	1188	effect	T080	C1280500
27755647	1193	1199	mainly	T080	C1542147
27755647	1216	1224	addition	T169	C1883712
27755647	1225	1231	amount	T081	C1265611
27755647	1233	1264	Partial least square regression	T081	C0023189
27755647	1265	1273	revealed	T080	C0443289
27755647	1279	1298	flavonol glycosides	T109	C0029224
27755647	1300	1314	phenolic acids	T109	C0070574
27755647	1320	1332	anthocyanins	T109	C0003161
27755647	1333	1342	displayed	T169	C0870432
27755647	1345	1353	positive	T033	C1446409
27755647	1354	1365	correlation	T080	C1707520
27755647	1371	1375	L(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	1377	1381	b(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	1387	1391	H(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	1399	1407	negative	T033	C0205160
27755647	1408	1419	correlation	T080	C1707520
27755647	1425	1429	a(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	1434	1438	C(*)	T080	C0009393
27755647	1440	1465	Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide	T109	C1100445
27755647	1467	1492	myricetin-3-O-galactoside	T109	C2354854
27755647	1494	1510	chlorogenic acid	T109,T123	C0008240
27755647	1516	1525	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
27755647	1551	1557	effect	T080	C1280500
27755647	1565	1570	color	T080	C0009393
27755647	1571	1581	alteration	T078	C1515926
27755647	1585	1589	wine	T168	C0043188

27755951|t|Construction of recombinant adenovirus Ad-rat PLCγ2 and its effects on apoptosis of rat liver cell BRL-3A in vitro
27755951|a|Although the role of PLCγ2 in apoptotic response has been reported, too little is known about whether PLCγ2 induces liver cell apoptosis during liver regeneration. Therefore, this study firstly packaged Ad-PLCγ2 recombinant adenovirus and primarily evaluated its effect on apoptosis of rat liver cell BRL-3A in vitro. Following ten days of co-transfection of pHBAd-MCMV-GFP-PLCγ2 and pHBAd-BHG into HEK293 cells, viral cytopathic effect (CPE) was apparent. Following three rounds of amplification, tissue culture infectious dose 50 (TCID50) assay showed that the titer value reached 1×1010 PFU/mL. After 24 h of transfection of recombinant adenovirus into BRL-3A cells, transfection efficiency of adenovirus into BRL-3A cells was above 90% when obsereved under fluorescent microscopy. qRT-PCR and Western blot assays showed mRNA and protein levels of PLCγ2 were significantly elevated in the transfected BRL-3A cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that, compared with the control and Ad-GFP groups, cell apoptosis rate of Ad-PLCγ2 group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the cell cycle in Ad-PLCγ2 group was arrested at G1 phase which was manifested by a marked increase (P<0.01) in the percentage of G1 phase cells and a great decrease (P<0.01) in the percentage of S and G2 / M phase cells. It was concluded from above results that recombinant adenovirus Ad-PLCγ2 was packaged successfully, and could promote cell apoptosis by arresting the transition from G1 to S phase of BRL-3A cells.
27755951	16	51	recombinant adenovirus Ad-rat PLCγ2	T114	C1510800
27755951	60	67	effects	T080	C1280500
27755951	71	80	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27755951	84	87	rat	T015	C0034693
27755951	88	98	liver cell	T025	C0227525
27755951	99	105	BRL-3A	T025	C0227525
27755951	106	114	in vitro	T059,T062	C3850137
27755951	136	141	PLCγ2	T116,T126	C0662760
27755951	145	154	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
27755951	155	163	response	T033	C0243095
27755951	217	222	PLCγ2	T116,T126	C0662760
27755951	231	241	liver cell	T025	C0227525
27755951	242	251	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27755951	259	277	liver regeneration	T042	C0023907
27755951	295	300	study	T062	C2603343
27755951	318	349	Ad-PLCγ2 recombinant adenovirus	T114	C1510800
27755951	378	384	effect	T080	C1280500
27755951	388	397	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27755951	401	404	rat	T015	C0034693
27755951	405	415	liver cell	T025	C0227525
27755951	416	422	BRL-3A	T025	C0227525
27755951	423	431	in vitro	T059,T062	C3850137
27755951	447	451	days	T079	C0439228
27755951	455	470	co-transfection	T063	C0040669
27755951	474	494	pHBAd-MCMV-GFP-PLCγ2	T114,T123	C0032136
27755951	499	508	pHBAd-BHG	T114,T123	C0032136
27755951	514	526	HEK293 cells	T025	C2936239
27755951	528	551	viral cytopathic effect	T049	C0010827
27755951	553	556	CPE	T046	C0333467
27755951	598	611	amplification	T067	C1521871
27755951	613	646	tissue culture infectious dose 50	T081	C1883346
27755951	648	654	TCID50	T081	C1883346
27755951	656	661	assay	T059	C1510438
27755951	678	689	titer value	T081	C0475208
27755951	727	739	transfection	T063	C0040669
27755951	743	765	recombinant adenovirus	T114	C1510800
27755951	771	783	BRL-3A cells	T025	C0227525
27755951	785	797	transfection	T063	C0040669
27755951	798	808	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27755951	812	822	adenovirus	T005	C0001483
27755951	828	840	BRL-3A cells	T025	C0227525
27755951	876	898	fluorescent microscopy	T059	C0026022
27755951	900	907	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
27755951	912	931	Western blot assays	T059,T063	C0005863
27755951	939	943	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27755951	948	962	protein levels	T034	C0428479
27755951	966	971	PLCγ2	T116,T126	C0662760
27755951	1007	1018	transfected	T063	C0040669
27755951	1019	1031	BRL-3A cells	T025	C0227525
27755951	1033	1057	Flow cytometric analysis	T059	C0200904
27755951	1089	1096	control	T096	C0009932
27755951	1101	1114	Ad-GFP groups	T114	C1510800
27755951	1116	1130	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27755951	1131	1135	rate	T081	C1521828
27755951	1139	1153	Ad-PLCγ2 group	T114	C1510800
27755951	1201	1211	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
27755951	1215	1229	Ad-PLCγ2 group	T114	C1510800
27755951	1234	1242	arrested	T043	C1155873
27755951	1246	1254	G1 phase	T079	C0079395
27755951	1313	1323	percentage	T081	C0439165
27755951	1327	1335	G1 phase	T079	C0079395
27755951	1336	1341	cells	T025	C0007634
27755951	1379	1389	percentage	T081	C0439165
27755951	1393	1394	S	T079	C0080129
27755951	1399	1401	G2	T079	C0079396
27755951	1404	1411	M phase	T043	C1450044
27755951	1412	1417	cells	T025	C0007634
27755951	1447	1454	results	T034	C0456984
27755951	1460	1491	recombinant adenovirus Ad-PLCγ2	T114	C1510800
27755951	1529	1536	promote	T052	C0033414
27755951	1537	1551	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27755951	1555	1564	arresting	T043	C1155873
27755951	1569	1579	transition	T043	C1516334
27755951	1585	1587	G1	T079	C0079395
27755951	1591	1598	S phase	T079	C0080129
27755951	1602	1614	BRL-3A cells	T025	C0227525

27755975|t|Probing bulky ligand entry in engineered archaeal ferritins
27755975|a|A set of engineered ferritin mutants from Archaeoglobus fulgidus (Af-Ft) and Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf-Ft) bearing cysteine thiols in selected topological positions inside or outside the ferritin shell have been obtained. The two apo-proteins were taken as model systems for ferritin internal cavity accessibility in that Af-Ft is characterized by the presence of a 45Å wide aperture on the protein surface whereas Pf-Ft displays canonical (threefold) channels. Thiol reactivity has been probed in kinetic experiments in order to assess the protein matrix permeation properties towards the bulky thiol reactive DTNB (5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid) molecule. Reaction of DTNB with thiols was observed in all ferritin mutants, including those bearing free cysteine thiols inside the ferritin cavity. As expected, a ferritin mutant from Pf-Ft, in which the cysteine thiol is on the outer surface displays the fastest binding kinetics. In turn, also the Pf-Ft mutant in which the cysteine thiol is placed within the internal cavity, is still capable of full stoichiometric DTNB binding albeit with an almost 200- fold slower rate. The behaviour of Af-Ft bearing a cysteine thiol in a topological ly equivalent position in the internal cavity was intermediate among the two Pf-Ft mutants. The data thus obtained indicate clearly that the protein matrix in archaea ferritins does not provide a significant barrier against bulky, negatively charged ligand s such as DTNB, a finding of relevance in view of the multiple biotechnological applications of these ferritins that envisage ligand encapsulation within the internal cavity.
27755975	0	7	Probing	T060	C0419358
27755975	8	13	bulky	T122	C1337615
27755975	14	20	ligand	T103	C0023688
27755975	21	26	entry	T078	C1555714
27755975	30	40	engineered	T063	C0017387
27755975	41	59	archaeal ferritins	T116	C0524967
27755975	69	79	engineered	T063	C0017387
27755975	80	88	ferritin	T116,T121,T123	C0015879
27755975	89	96	mutants	T116	C1564139
27755975	102	124	Archaeoglobus fulgidus	T194	C0524829
27755975	126	131	Af-Ft	T194	C0524829
27755975	137	156	Pyrococcus furiosus	T194	C0600435
27755975	158	163	Pf-Ft	T194	C0600435
27755975	173	188	cysteine thiols	T116	C2742205
27755975	192	200	selected	T052	C1707391
27755975	201	212	topological	T091	C0002812
27755975	213	222	positions	T082	C0733755
27755975	245	253	ferritin	T116,T121,T123	C0015879
27755975	254	259	shell	T080	C1948022
27755975	270	278	obtained	T169	C1301820
27755975	288	300	apo-proteins	T116,T123	C0003601
27755975	315	328	model systems	T075	C0026339
27755975	333	341	ferritin	T116,T121,T123	C0015879
27755975	342	350	internal	T082	C0205102
27755975	351	357	cavity	T190	C1510420
27755975	358	371	accessibility	T080	C0814423
27755975	380	385	Af-Ft	T194	C0524829
27755975	389	402	characterized	T052	C1880022
27755975	410	418	presence	T033	C0150312
27755975	433	441	aperture	T033	C0544726
27755975	449	456	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27755975	457	464	surface	T082	C0205148
27755975	473	478	Pf-Ft	T194	C0600435
27755975	479	487	displays	T169	C0870432
27755975	488	518	canonical (threefold) channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27755975	520	525	Thiol	T109	C0038734
27755975	526	536	reactivity	UnknownType	C0678596
27755975	546	552	probed	T060	C0419358
27755975	556	563	kinetic	T070	C0022702
27755975	564	575	experiments	T062	C0681814
27755975	588	594	assess	T058	C0184514
27755975	599	606	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27755975	607	613	matrix	T031	C1706515
27755975	614	624	permeation	T169	C0205321
27755975	625	635	properties	T080	C0871161
27755975	648	653	bulky	T122	C1337615
27755975	654	659	thiol	T109	C0038734
27755975	660	668	reactive	T080	C0205332
27755975	669	673	DTNB	T109,T130	C0012788
27755975	675	709	5,5'-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid	T109,T130	C0012788
27755975	711	719	molecule	T167	C0567416
27755975	721	729	Reaction	T169	C0443286
27755975	733	737	DTNB	T109,T130	C0012788
27755975	743	749	thiols	T109	C0038734
27755975	754	762	observed	T169	C1441672
27755975	770	778	ferritin	T116,T121,T123	C0015879
27755975	779	786	mutants	T116	C1564139
27755975	788	797	including	T169	C0332257
27755975	817	832	cysteine thiols	T116	C2742205
27755975	844	852	ferritin	T116,T121,T123	C0015879
27755975	853	859	cavity	T190	C1510420
27755975	876	884	ferritin	T116,T121,T123	C0015879
27755975	885	891	mutant	T116	C1564139
27755975	897	902	Pf-Ft	T194	C0600435
27755975	917	931	cysteine thiol	T116	C2742205
27755975	948	955	surface	T082	C0205148
27755975	956	964	displays	T169	C0870432
27755975	977	984	binding	T044	C1167622
27755975	985	993	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27755975	1013	1018	Pf-Ft	T194	C0600435
27755975	1019	1025	mutant	T116	C1564139
27755975	1039	1053	cysteine thiol	T116	C2742205
27755975	1075	1083	internal	T082	C0205102
27755975	1084	1090	cavity	T190	C1510420
27755975	1101	1108	capable	T033	C1299581
27755975	1112	1131	full stoichiometric	T081	C0597526
27755975	1132	1136	DTNB	T109,T130	C0012788
27755975	1137	1144	binding	T044	C1167622
27755975	1172	1176	fold	T081	C0392762
27755975	1177	1183	slower	T080	C0439834
27755975	1184	1188	rate	T081	C1521828
27755975	1194	1203	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27755975	1207	1212	Af-Ft	T194	C0524829
27755975	1223	1237	cysteine thiol	T116	C2742205
27755975	1243	1254	topological	T091	C0002812
27755975	1258	1268	equivalent	T080	C0205163
27755975	1269	1277	position	T082	C0733755
27755975	1285	1293	internal	T082	C0205102
27755975	1294	1300	cavity	T190	C1510420
27755975	1305	1317	intermediate	T082	C0205103
27755975	1332	1337	Pf-Ft	T194	C0600435
27755975	1338	1345	mutants	T116	C1564139
27755975	1351	1355	data	T078	C1511726
27755975	1361	1369	obtained	T169	C1301820
27755975	1370	1378	indicate	T078	C3146298
27755975	1396	1403	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27755975	1404	1410	matrix	T031	C1706515
27755975	1414	1431	archaea ferritins	T116	C0524967
27755975	1441	1448	provide	T052	C1999230
27755975	1451	1462	significant	T078	C0750502
27755975	1463	1470	barrier	T033	C1563056
27755975	1479	1484	bulky	T122	C1337615
27755975	1486	1504	negatively charged	T033	C0205160
27755975	1505	1511	ligand	T103	C0023688
27755975	1522	1526	DTNB	T109,T130	C0012788
27755975	1530	1537	finding	T033	C0243095
27755975	1541	1550	relevance	T080	C2347946
27755975	1575	1591	biotechnological	T091	C0005574
27755975	1592	1604	applications	T169	C4048755
27755975	1614	1623	ferritins	T116,T121,T123	C0015879
27755975	1629	1637	envisage	T078	C0681842
27755975	1638	1644	ligand	T103	C0023688
27755975	1645	1658	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
27755975	1670	1678	internal	T082	C0205102
27755975	1679	1685	cavity	T190	C1510420

27756035|t|Detection of circulating tumour cells may add value in endometrial cancer management
27756035|a|To evaluate the role of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in patients with endometrial cancer (EC). This study included 40 patients with a pre-operative diagnosis of high-risk EC between April 2015 and May 2016. Patients were further divided into high-risk (grade 3, non-endometrioid, myometrial invasion ≥1/2 and stage III-IV) and high-intermediate-risk (grade 2-3, endometrioid, myometrial invasion <1/2 and stage I-II) groups according to postoperative pathological results. CTCs were detected using the CellSearch system, and CTC results were correlated with standard clinicopathological characteristics and serum tumour marker CA125 / HE4 status using Chi-squared test, continuity correction or Fisher's exact test. The pharmacodynamic effect was detected after the first cycle of adjuvant therapy. Patients were followed up for 13 months to assess outcomes. Fifteen percent of patients had one or more CTCs. The presence of CTCs was found to be significantly associated with cervical involvement (83.33% vs 11.76%, p=0.00). No significant difference in CTC - positive rates was detected between the high-risk and high-intermediate-risk groups, and no significant correlation was found between CTCs and serum CA125 / HE4, either by positive rates or exact serum levels of the conventional tumour markers. No more CTCs were detected after the first cycle of standard chemotherapy in this study, and no distant metastases or recurrence were found in the CTC - positive patients during the follow-up period. The presence of CTC s was correlated with cervical involvement. Early-stage EC patients with CTCs may benefit from additional adjuvant therapies. Assessment of CTCs may be useful in the management of high-risk EC patients.
27756035	0	9	Detection	T061	C1511790
27756035	13	37	circulating tumour cells	T025	C0027625
27756035	55	73	endometrial cancer	T191	C0476089
27756035	74	84	management	T058	C0376636
27756035	88	96	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27756035	109	133	circulating tumour cells	T025	C0027625
27756035	135	139	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27756035	144	152	patients	T101	C0030705
27756035	158	176	endometrial cancer	T191	C0476089
27756035	178	180	EC	T191	C0476089
27756035	188	193	study	T062	C2603343
27756035	206	214	patients	T101	C0030705
27756035	222	235	pre-operative	T079	C0445204
27756035	249	258	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27756035	259	261	EC	T191	C0476089
27756035	270	280	April 2015	T079	C3715024
27756035	285	293	May 2016	T079	C3812381
27756035	295	303	Patients	T101	C0030705
27756035	330	339	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27756035	341	392	grade 3, non-endometrioid, myometrial invasion ≥1/2	T201	C1300661
27756035	397	409	stage III-IV	T201	C1300072
27756035	415	437	high-intermediate-risk	T033	C3640764
27756035	438	488	(grade 2-3, endometrioid, myometrial invasion <1/2	T201	C1300661
27756035	493	503	stage I-II	T201	C1300072
27756035	505	511	groups	T078	C0441833
27756035	525	538	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27756035	539	551	pathological	T169	C1521733
27756035	552	559	results	T169	C1274040
27756035	561	565	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27756035	571	579	detected	T061	C1511790
27756035	590	607	CellSearch system	T060	C0430022
27756035	613	616	CTC	T025	C0027625
27756035	617	624	results	T169	C1274040
27756035	630	640	correlated	T080	C1707520
27756035	646	654	standard	T080	C1442989
27756035	655	674	clinicopathological	T169	C1521733
27756035	675	690	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27756035	695	733	serum tumour marker CA125 / HE4 status	T033	C0730483
27756035	715	720	CA125	T109,T129	C0006610
27756035	723	726	HE4	T116	C2707001
27756035	740	756	Chi-squared test	T060	C0430022
27756035	783	802	Fisher's exact test	T170	C1708064
27756035	808	830	pharmacodynamic effect	T044	C1868979
27756035	835	843	detected	T061	C1511790
27756035	854	865	first cycle	T079	C1511572
27756035	869	885	adjuvant therapy	T061	C0677850
27756035	887	895	Patients	T101	C0030705
27756035	920	926	months	T079	C0439231
27756035	930	945	assess outcomes	T057	C0085565
27756035	955	962	percent	T081	C0439165
27756035	966	974	patients	T101	C0030705
27756035	991	995	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27756035	1013	1017	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27756035	1034	1047	significantly	T078	C0750502
27756035	1048	1063	associated with	T080	C0332281
27756035	1064	1072	cervical	T082	C0205064
27756035	1073	1084	involvement	T169	C1314939
27756035	1116	1127	significant	T078	C0750502
27756035	1128	1138	difference	T080	C1705242
27756035	1142	1145	CTC	T025	C0027625
27756035	1148	1156	positive	T033	C1446409
27756035	1157	1162	rates	T081	C1521828
27756035	1167	1175	detected	T061	C1511790
27756035	1188	1197	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27756035	1202	1231	high-intermediate-risk groups	T033	C3640764
27756035	1240	1251	significant	T078	C0750502
27756035	1252	1263	correlation	T080	C1707520
27756035	1282	1286	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27756035	1291	1296	serum	T031	C0229671
27756035	1297	1302	CA125	T109,T129	C0006610
27756035	1305	1308	HE4	T116	C2707001
27756035	1320	1328	positive	T033	C1446409
27756035	1329	1334	rates	T081	C1521828
27756035	1344	1349	serum	T031	C0229671
27756035	1350	1356	levels	T080	C0441889
27756035	1364	1391	conventional tumour markers	T123	C0041366
27756035	1401	1405	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27756035	1411	1419	detected	T061	C1511790
27756035	1430	1441	first cycle	T079	C1511572
27756035	1445	1453	standard	T080	C1442989
27756035	1454	1466	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27756035	1475	1480	study	T062	C2603343
27756035	1489	1521	distant metastases or recurrence	T033	C0243095
27756035	1540	1543	CTC	T025	C0027625
27756035	1546	1554	positive	T033	C1446409
27756035	1555	1563	patients	T101	C0030705
27756035	1575	1584	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27756035	1585	1591	period	T079	C1948053
27756035	1609	1612	CTC	T025	C0027625
27756035	1609	1614	CTC s	T025	C0027625
27756035	1619	1629	correlated	T080	C1707520
27756035	1635	1643	cervical	T082	C0205064
27756035	1644	1655	involvement	T169	C1314939
27756035	1657	1668	Early-stage	T079	C2363430
27756035	1669	1671	EC	T191	C0476089
27756035	1672	1680	patients	T101	C0030705
27756035	1686	1690	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27756035	1695	1702	benefit	T081	C0814225
27756035	1708	1718	additional	T169	C1524062
27756035	1719	1737	adjuvant therapies	T061	C0677850
27756035	1739	1749	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27756035	1753	1757	CTCs	T025	C0027625
27756035	1779	1789	management	T058	C0376636
27756035	1793	1802	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27756035	1803	1805	EC	T191	C0476089
27756035	1806	1814	patients	T101	C0030705

27756117|t|Silk fibroin based carrier system for delivery of fibrinogen and thrombin as coagulant supplements
27756117|a|The control of bleeding is one of the most important interventions after a traumatic injury. Hemostatic devices delivering blood clotting accelerating agents such as fibrinogen are increasingly used due to their efficacy and their ease of application. In the present study, we describe a method to incorporate the coagulant supplements fibrinogen and thrombin in silk protein sponges by mixing the coagulants with an aqueous silk solution, followed by molding, freeze-drying and water annealing. In this combination system we demonstrate the delivery of fibrinogen while maintaining its hemostatic potential. Concentration ratios of silk to fibrinogen of 1.0%/2.8%, 2.3%/1.5% and 3.0%/0.8% were used. The thrombin -induced fibrin polymeric network filled the space in and next to the silk spongy structure but also remained interconnected to the silk, providing an intact network. The mechanical characterization of the fibrinogen-releasing silk sponges before and after the induction of the fibrinogen polymerization demonstrated that the fibrin network resulted in reduced permanent deformation from 21.1% to 6.5%, 19.6% to 5.7% and 12.7% to 9.4% for the 2.8%, 1.5% and 0.8% fibrinogen -containing silk sponges, respectively. Moreover, the fibrin formation lead to a more linear elastic behavior over longer strain ranges. In combination, the Calcein-AM / PI stainings and MTT assay results indicate uniform cell adhesion on the surface and cytocompatibility of the silk / fibrin sponges, respectively. Moreover, the co-delivery of thrombin with fibrinogen via silk as carrier material is described, offering a more mechanically robust and durable system while preserving hemostatic features of the coagulant substances for the generation of hemostatic devices. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
27756117	0	12	Silk fibroin	T121	C4050636
27756117	19	33	carrier system	T122	C0013161
27756117	38	46	delivery	T169	C1705822
27756117	50	60	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27756117	65	73	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27756117	77	86	coagulant	T121	C0009117
27756117	87	98	supplements	T169	C2348609
27756117	103	110	control	T169	C2587213
27756117	114	122	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27756117	152	165	interventions	T061	C0184661
27756117	174	190	traumatic injury	T037	C3263723
27756117	192	210	Hemostatic devices	T121	C0019120
27756117	211	221	delivering	UnknownType	C0677249
27756117	222	236	blood clotting	T046	C0302148
27756117	250	256	agents	T121	C0009117
27756117	265	275	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27756117	280	292	increasingly	T169	C0442808
27756117	311	319	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27756117	338	349	application	T058	C0185125
27756117	387	393	method	T170	C0025663
27756117	397	408	incorporate	T169	C0243126
27756117	413	422	coagulant	T121	C0009117
27756117	423	434	supplements	T169	C2348609
27756117	435	445	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27756117	450	458	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27756117	462	474	silk protein	T121	C4050636
27756117	475	482	sponges	T074	C0441126
27756117	497	507	coagulants	T121	C0009117
27756117	516	523	aqueous	T121,T197	C0043047
27756117	524	528	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27756117	551	558	molding	T059	C0022885
27756117	560	573	freeze-drying	T059	C0016698
27756117	578	593	water annealing	T059	C0022885
27756117	603	614	combination	T080	C0205195
27756117	615	621	system	T169	C0449913
27756117	641	649	delivery	T169	C1705822
27756117	653	663	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27756117	686	706	hemostatic potential	T042	C0019116
27756117	708	728	Concentration ratios	T081	C1264681
27756117	732	736	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27756117	740	750	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27756117	804	812	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27756117	822	828	fibrin	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
27756117	829	838	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27756117	839	846	network	T169	C1882071
27756117	883	887	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27756117	888	904	spongy structure	T082	C0678594
27756117	923	937	interconnected	UnknownType	C0683595
27756117	945	949	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27756117	964	970	intact	T080	C0205266
27756117	971	978	network	T169	C1882071
27756117	984	1011	mechanical characterization	T052	C1880022
27756117	1019	1039	fibrinogen-releasing	T169	C1283071
27756117	1040	1044	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27756117	1045	1052	sponges	T074	C0441126
27756117	1074	1083	induction	T169	C0205263
27756117	1091	1101	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27756117	1102	1116	polymerization	T067	C0314672
27756117	1139	1145	fibrin	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
27756117	1146	1153	network	T169	C1882071
27756117	1166	1173	reduced	T080	C0392756
27756117	1174	1183	permanent	T079	C0205355
27756117	1184	1195	deformation	T169	C0333067
27756117	1276	1286	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27756117	1299	1303	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27756117	1304	1311	sponges	T074	C0441126
27756117	1341	1347	fibrin	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
27756117	1348	1357	formation	T169	C1522492
27756117	1373	1379	linear	T082	C0205132
27756117	1380	1396	elastic behavior	T070	C0013764
27756117	1444	1454	Calcein-AM	T109,T121	C0252016
27756117	1457	1459	PI	T109,T130	C0033470
27756117	1460	1469	stainings	T130	C0038128
27756117	1474	1483	MTT assay	T062	C2986858
27756117	1501	1508	uniform	T080	C0205375
27756117	1509	1522	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27756117	1530	1537	surface	T082	C0205148
27756117	1542	1559	cytocompatibility	T080	C1524057
27756117	1567	1571	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27756117	1574	1580	fibrin	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
27756117	1581	1588	sponges	T074	C0441126
27756117	1618	1629	co-delivery	T169	C1705822
27756117	1633	1641	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27756117	1647	1657	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
27756117	1662	1666	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
27756117	1670	1686	carrier material	T122	C0013161
27756117	1717	1729	mechanically	T169	C0443254
27756117	1730	1736	robust	T080	C2986815
27756117	1741	1755	durable system	T080	C0205556
27756117	1762	1772	preserving	T169	C0728887
27756117	1773	1792	hemostatic features	T042	C0019116
27756117	1800	1820	coagulant substances	T121	C0009117
27756117	1829	1839	generation	T052	C3146294
27756117	1843	1861	hemostatic devices	T121	C0019120

27756221|t|Quantitative trait loci influencing forking defects in an outbred pedigree of loblolly pine
27756221|a|The use of wood as an industrial raw material has led to development of plantation forestry, in which trees are planted, managed, and harvested as crops. The productivity of such plantations often exceeds that of less-intensively-managed forests, and land managers have the option of choosing specific planting stock to produce specific types of wood for industrial use. Stem forking, or division of the stem into two or more stems of roughly equal size, is a character trait important in determining the quality of the stem for production of solid wood products. This trait typically has very low individual-tree heritability, but can be more accurately assessed in clonally - replicated plantings where each genotype is represented by several individual trees. We report results from a quantitative trait mapping experiment in a clonally - replicated full-sibling family of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Quantitative trait loci influencing forking defects were identified in an outbred full-sibling family of loblolly pine, using single-nucleotide polymorphism markers. Genetic markers in this family segregated either in 1:2:1 (F2 intercross -like segregation) or 1:1 ratio (backcross -like segregation). An integrated linkage map combining markers with different segregation ratios was assembled for this full-sib family, and a total of 409 SNP markers were mapped on 12 linkage groups, covering 1622 cM. Two and three trait loci were identified for forking and ramicorn branch traits, respectively, using the interval mapping method. Three trait loci were detected for both traits using multiple-trait analysis. The detection of three loci for forking and ramicorn branching in a multiple-trait analysis could mean that there are genes with pleiotropic effects on both traits, or that separate genes affecting different traits are clustered together. The detection of genetic loci associated with variation in stem quality traits in this study supports the hypothesis that marker -assisted selection can be used to decrease the rate of stem defects in breeding populations of loblolly pine.
27756221	0	23	Quantitative trait loci	T028	C0597336
27756221	36	43	forking	T032	C0599883
27756221	66	74	pedigree	T170	C0030761
27756221	78	91	loblolly pine	T002	C0330189
27756221	103	107	wood	T167	C0043217
27756221	114	137	industrial raw material	T167	C0520510
27756221	149	160	development	T169	C1527148
27756221	164	183	plantation forestry	T070	C0086312
27756221	194	199	trees	T002	C0040811
27756221	204	211	planted	T169	C0205245
27756221	213	220	managed	T169	C0205245
27756221	226	235	harvested	T169	C0205245
27756221	239	244	crops	T002	C0242775
27756221	250	262	productivity	T081	C0033269
27756221	271	282	plantations	T070	C1254365
27756221	305	337	less-intensively-managed forests	T070	C0086312
27756221	343	356	land managers	T097	C0335141
27756221	394	402	planting	T169	C0205245
27756221	438	442	wood	T167	C0043217
27756221	447	461	industrial use	T169	C0868973
27756221	463	467	Stem	T002	C0242767
27756221	468	475	forking	T032	C0599883
27756221	496	500	stem	T002	C0242767
27756221	518	523	stems	T002	C0242767
27756221	552	567	character trait	T041	C1285648
27756221	597	604	quality	T080	C0332306
27756221	612	616	stem	T002	C0242767
27756221	635	654	solid wood products	T167	C0043217
27756221	661	666	trait	T032	C0599883
27756221	690	705	individual-tree	T002	C0040811
27756221	759	767	clonally	T024	C1522642
27756221	770	780	replicated	T169	C0205173
27756221	781	790	plantings	T169	C0205245
27756221	802	810	genotype	T032	C0017431
27756221	837	853	individual trees	T002	C0040811
27756221	880	917	quantitative trait mapping experiment	UnknownType	C0683224
27756221	923	931	clonally	T024	C1522642
27756221	934	944	replicated	T169	C0205173
27756221	945	964	full-sibling family	T077	C1704727
27756221	968	981	loblolly pine	T002	C0330189
27756221	983	997	Pinus taeda L.	T002	C0330189
27756221	1000	1023	Quantitative trait loci	T028	C0597336
27756221	1036	1043	forking	T032	C0599883
27756221	1082	1101	full-sibling family	T077	C1704727
27756221	1105	1118	loblolly pine	T002	C0330189
27756221	1126	1156	single-nucleotide polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27756221	1157	1164	markers	T045	C0017393
27756221	1166	1181	Genetic markers	T045	C0017393
27756221	1190	1207	family segregated	T077	C1704727
27756221	1228	1238	intercross	T045	C0010366
27756221	1245	1256	segregation	T045	C0598175
27756221	1265	1270	ratio	T081	C0456603
27756221	1272	1281	backcross	T045	C0010366
27756221	1288	1299	segregation	T045	C0598175
27756221	1305	1327	integrated linkage map	UnknownType	C0678932
27756221	1338	1345	markers	T045	C0017393
27756221	1361	1372	segregation	T045	C0598175
27756221	1373	1379	ratios	T081	C0456603
27756221	1403	1418	full-sib family	T077	C1704727
27756221	1439	1442	SNP	T086	C0752046
27756221	1443	1450	markers	T045	C0017393
27756221	1456	1462	mapped	T170	C3858752
27756221	1469	1476	linkage	T044	C0023745
27756221	1517	1527	trait loci	T028	C0597336
27756221	1548	1555	forking	T032	C0599883
27756221	1560	1582	ramicorn branch traits	T032	C0599883
27756221	1608	1631	interval mapping method	UnknownType	C0678930
27756221	1639	1649	trait loci	T028	C0597336
27756221	1655	1663	detected	T033	C0442726
27756221	1673	1679	traits	T032	C0599883
27756221	1686	1709	multiple-trait analysis	T062	C0936012
27756221	1715	1724	detection	T033	C0442726
27756221	1734	1738	loci	T028	C0678933
27756221	1743	1750	forking	T032	C0599883
27756221	1755	1773	ramicorn branching	T032	C0599883
27756221	1779	1802	multiple-trait analysis	T062	C0936012
27756221	1829	1834	genes	T028	C0017337
27756221	1840	1859	pleiotropic effects	T028	C2936489
27756221	1868	1874	traits	T032	C0599883
27756221	1893	1898	genes	T028	C0017337
27756221	1919	1925	traits	T032	C0599883
27756221	1930	1939	clustered	T028	C0017258
27756221	1954	1963	detection	T033	C0442726
27756221	1967	1979	genetic loci	T028	C0678933
27756221	1980	1995	associated with	T080	C0332281
27756221	1996	2005	variation	T080	C0205419
27756221	2009	2013	stem	T002	C0242767
27756221	2014	2021	quality	T080	C0332306
27756221	2022	2028	traits	T032	C0599883
27756221	2056	2066	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27756221	2072	2078	marker	T045	C0017393
27756221	2089	2098	selection	T045	C0036576
27756221	2135	2139	stem	T002	C0242767
27756221	2151	2171	breeding populations	T040	C0006159
27756221	2175	2188	loblolly pine	T002	C0330189

27756568|t|Etanercept, an inhibitor of TNF-a, prevents propofol -induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain
27756568|a|Propofol can induce acute neuronal apoptosis, neuronal loss or long-term cognitive impairment when exposed in neonatal rodents, but the mechanisms by which propofol induces developmental neurotoxicity are unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that propofol can increase the TNF-α level in the developing brain, but there is a lack of direct evidence to show whether TNF-α is partially or fully involved in propofol -induced neurotoxicity. The present study shows that propofol exposure in neonatal rats induces an increase of TNF-α in the cerebral spinal fluid, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor, prevents propofol -induced short- or long-term neuronal apoptosis, neuronal loss, synaptic loss and long-term cognitive impairment. Furthermore, mTNF-α (precursor of TNF-α) expression in microglia cells is increased after propofol anaesthesia in either the hippocampus or PFC, but mTNF-α expression in neurons is only increased in the PFC. These findings suggest that TNF-α may mediate propofol -induced developmental neurotoxicity, and etanercept can provide neural protection. Microglia are the main cellular source of TNF-α after propofol exposure, while the synthesis of TNF-α in neurons is brain-region selective.
27756568	0	10	Etanercept	T116,T121	C0717758
27756568	15	24	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27756568	28	33	TNF-a	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	44	52	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27756568	62	75	neurotoxicity	T037	C0235032
27756568	83	99	developing brain	T042	C1160340
27756568	100	108	Propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27756568	120	144	acute neuronal apoptosis	T043	C1660771
27756568	146	159	neuronal loss	T033	C4015650
27756568	163	172	long-term	T079	C0443252
27756568	173	193	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27756568	199	206	exposed	T080	C0332157
27756568	210	218	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27756568	219	226	rodents	T015	C0035804
27756568	236	246	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27756568	256	264	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27756568	273	286	developmental	T080	C0458003
27756568	287	300	neurotoxicity	T037	C0235032
27756568	321	328	studies	T062	C2603343
27756568	352	360	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27756568	365	373	increase	T169	C0442805
27756568	378	383	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	384	389	level	T080	C0441889
27756568	397	413	developing brain	T042	C1160340
27756568	445	453	evidence	T078	C3887511
27756568	470	475	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	510	518	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27756568	528	541	neurotoxicity	T037	C0235032
27756568	555	560	study	T062	C2603343
27756568	572	580	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27756568	581	589	exposure	T080	C0332157
27756568	593	601	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27756568	602	606	rats	T015	C0034721
27756568	618	626	increase	T169	C0442805
27756568	630	635	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	643	664	cerebral spinal fluid	T031	C0007806
27756568	666	677	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27756568	682	699	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
27756568	701	704	PFC	T023	C0162783
27756568	707	717	Etanercept	T116,T121	C0717758
27756568	721	726	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	727	736	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27756568	747	755	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27756568	765	771	short-	T079	C0443303
27756568	775	784	long-term	T079	C0443252
27756568	785	803	neuronal apoptosis	T043	C1660771
27756568	805	818	neuronal loss	T033	C4015650
27756568	820	828	synaptic	T030	C0039062
27756568	829	833	loss	T081	C1517945
27756568	838	847	long-term	T079	C0443252
27756568	848	868	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27756568	883	889	mTNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	891	900	precursor	T078	C1709634
27756568	904	909	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	911	921	expression	T045	C1171362
27756568	925	940	microglia cells	T025	C0206116
27756568	944	953	increased	T169	C0442805
27756568	960	968	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27756568	969	980	anaesthesia	T061	C0002903
27756568	995	1006	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27756568	1010	1013	PFC	T023	C0162783
27756568	1019	1025	mTNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	1026	1036	expression	T045	C1171362
27756568	1040	1047	neurons	T025	C0027882
27756568	1056	1065	increased	T169	C0442805
27756568	1073	1076	PFC	T023	C0162783
27756568	1084	1092	findings	T033	C0243095
27756568	1106	1111	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	1124	1132	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27756568	1142	1155	developmental	T080	C0458003
27756568	1156	1169	neurotoxicity	T037	C0235032
27756568	1175	1185	etanercept	T116,T121	C0717758
27756568	1198	1215	neural protection	T043	C0598958
27756568	1217	1226	Microglia	T025	C0206116
27756568	1240	1248	cellular	T025	C0007634
27756568	1249	1255	source	T033	C0449416
27756568	1259	1264	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	1271	1279	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27756568	1300	1309	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27756568	1313	1318	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27756568	1322	1329	neurons	T025	C0027882
27756568	1333	1345	brain-region	T029	C1273723

27757318|t|Adoptively transferred natural killer cells maintain long-term antitumor activity by epigenetic imprinting and CD4(+) T cell help
27757318|a|Natural killer (NK) cell infusions can induce remissions in subsets of patients with different types of cancer. The optimal strategies for NK cell activation prior to infusion are still under debate. There is recent evidence that NK cells can acquire long-term functional competence by preactivation with the cytokines IL-12 / 15 / 18. The mechanisms supporting the maintenance of long-term NK cell antitumor activity are incompletely under-stood. Here, we show that NK cells preactivated in vitro with IL-12 / 15 / 18, but not with IL-15 alone, maintained high antitumor activity even 1 mo after transfer into lymphopenic RAG-2(-/-) γc(-/-) mice. The NK cell intrinsic ability for IFNγ production coincided with demethylation of the conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) 1 in the Ifng locus, previously shown to enhance transcription of Ifng. In a xenograft melanoma mouse model, human IL-12 / 15 / 18 -preactivated NK cells rejected tumors more efficiently. In RAG-2(-/-) γc(-/-) mice, co-transfer of CD4(+) T cells further improved the long-term competence of NK cells for IFNγ production that was dependent on IL-2. CD4(+) T cell activation during homeostatic proliferation required macrophages and further promoted the long-term NK cell antitumor activity. Thus, NK cells can "remember" a previous exposure to cytokines by epigenetic imprinting resulting in a remarkable stability of the IFNγ -producing phenotype after adoptive transfer. In addition, our results support combination of cytokine -preactivated NK cells with CD4(+) T cell activation upon lymphopenic conditioning to achieve long-term NK cell effector function for cancer immunotherapy.
27757318	23	43	natural killer cells	T025	C0022688
27757318	63	81	antitumor activity	T033	C0243095
27757318	85	106	epigenetic imprinting	T045	C0242614
27757318	111	124	CD4(+) T cell	T025	C0039215
27757318	130	154	Natural killer (NK) cell	T025	C0022688
27757318	155	164	infusions	T061	C0574032
27757318	201	209	patients	T101	C0030705
27757318	234	240	cancer	T191	C0006826
27757318	269	276	NK cell	T025	C0022688
27757318	277	287	activation	T043	C1326120
27757318	297	305	infusion	T061	C0574032
27757318	360	368	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27757318	439	448	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27757318	449	454	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27757318	457	459	15	T116,T129	C0254610
27757318	462	464	18	T116,T129	C0383327
27757318	521	528	NK cell	T025	C0022688
27757318	529	547	antitumor activity	T033	C0243095
27757318	597	605	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27757318	619	627	in vitro	T059,T062	C3850137
27757318	633	638	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27757318	641	643	15	T116,T129	C0254610
27757318	646	648	18	T116,T129	C0383327
27757318	663	668	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27757318	692	710	antitumor activity	T033	C0243095
27757318	716	720	1 mo	T079	C1254367
27757318	741	752	lymphopenic	T047	C0024312
27757318	753	763	RAG-2(-/-)	T028	C1419248
27757318	772	776	mice	T015	C0026809
27757318	782	789	NK cell	T025	C0022688
27757318	812	816	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27757318	874	893	non-coding sequence	T114,T123	C0021920
27757318	895	898	CNS	T114,T123	C0021920
27757318	909	913	Ifng	T028	C1334085
27757318	914	919	locus	T082	C1708726
27757318	949	962	transcription	T045	C0040649
27757318	966	970	Ifng	T028	C1334085
27757318	977	1007	xenograft melanoma mouse model	T050	C0012644
27757318	1009	1014	human	T016	C0086418
27757318	1015	1020	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27757318	1023	1025	15	T116,T129	C0254610
27757318	1028	1030	18	T116,T129	C0383327
27757318	1045	1053	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27757318	1063	1069	tumors	T191	C0027651
27757318	1091	1101	RAG-2(-/-)	T028	C1419248
27757318	1110	1114	mice	T015	C0026809
27757318	1131	1145	CD4(+) T cells	T025	C0039215
27757318	1191	1199	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27757318	1204	1208	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27757318	1242	1246	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27757318	1248	1261	CD4(+) T cell	T025	C0039215
27757318	1262	1272	activation	T043	C1326120
27757318	1280	1305	homeostatic proliferation	T043	C1326161
27757318	1315	1326	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27757318	1362	1369	NK cell	T025	C0022688
27757318	1370	1388	antitumor activity	T033	C0243095
27757318	1396	1404	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27757318	1443	1452	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27757318	1456	1477	epigenetic imprinting	T045	C0242614
27757318	1521	1525	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27757318	1537	1546	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27757318	1620	1628	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27757318	1643	1651	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27757318	1657	1670	CD4(+) T cell	T025	C0039215
27757318	1671	1681	activation	T043	C1326120
27757318	1687	1698	lymphopenic	T047	C0024312
27757318	1733	1740	NK cell	T025	C0022688
27757318	1763	1783	cancer immunotherapy	T061	C0278348

27757335|t|Changes in the Dermal Structure during Cultured Epidermal Autograft Engraftment Process
27757335|a|The use of cultured epithelial autografts for the treatment of extensive burn wounds has become popular in recent years. We examined extensive burn wounds in 14 patients by using a combination of autograft and cultured epithelial autografts developed in Japan (JACE). We undertook a skin biopsy at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after transplantation with JACE. By using electron microscopy we observed the engraftment process. In transmission electron microscope findings, we recognized the engraftment process of JACE. Keratinocytes matured gradually. Collagen fibers formed thick bundles in the dermis layer. In scanning electron microscope findings, we observed papillary dermis development on the artificial dermis. After managing wound bed preparation by using artificial dermis, we were able to recognize the good result of grafting JACE on meshed 6:1 split thickness autografts. This is because the auto dermis from autograft extended under the JACE, binding between JACE, and the dermis became strong.
27757335	15	21	Dermal	T024	C0011646
27757335	39	57	Cultured Epidermal	T023	C0450138
27757335	58	67	Autograft	T122	C0559189
27757335	68	87	Engraftment Process	T061	C1961139
27757335	99	118	cultured epithelial	T023	C0450138
27757335	119	129	autografts	T122	C0559189
27757335	138	147	treatment	T061	C0087111
27757335	161	172	burn wounds	T037	C0006434
27757335	202	207	years	T079	C0439234
27757335	231	242	burn wounds	T037	C0006434
27757335	249	257	patients	T101	C0030705
27757335	284	293	autograft	T023	C0580671
27757335	298	317	cultured epithelial	T023	C0450138
27757335	318	328	autografts	T122	C0559189
27757335	342	347	Japan	T083	C0022341
27757335	349	353	JACE	T122	C0559189
27757335	371	382	skin biopsy	T060	C0150866
27757335	398	403	weeks	T079	C0439230
27757335	410	425	transplantation	T061	C0040732
27757335	431	435	JACE	T122	C0559189
27757335	446	465	electron microscopy	T059	C0026019
27757335	482	501	engraftment process	T061	C1961139
27757335	506	538	transmission electron microscope	T074	C0262880
27757335	539	547	findings	T033	C0243095
27757335	567	586	engraftment process	T061	C1961139
27757335	590	594	JACE	T122	C0559189
27757335	596	609	Keratinocytes	T025	C0022567
27757335	629	644	Collagen fibers	T023	C0221933
27757335	673	685	dermis layer	T024	C1182806
27757335	690	718	scanning electron microscope	T074	C0262878
27757335	719	727	findings	T033	C0243095
27757335	741	757	papillary dermis	T023	C0682598
27757335	758	769	development	T042	C1655760
27757335	777	794	artificial dermis	T122	C0206238
27757335	811	832	wound bed preparation	T067	C1522240
27757335	842	859	artificial dermis	T122	C0206238
27757335	906	914	grafting	T061	C1961139
27757335	915	919	JACE	T122	C0559189
27757335	950	960	autografts	T023	C0580671
27757335	987	993	dermis	T024	C0011646
27757335	999	1008	autograft	T023	C0580671
27757335	1028	1032	JACE	T122	C0559189
27757335	1050	1054	JACE	T122	C0559189
27757335	1064	1070	dermis	T024	C0011646

27757471|t|Appointment Lead Time Policy Development to Improve Patient Access to Care
27757471|a|Patient access to care has been a known and continuing struggle for many health care providers. In spite of appointment lead time policies set by government or clinics, the problem persists. Justification for how lead time policies are determined is lacking. This paper proposed a data-driven approach for how to best set feasible appointment target lead times given a clinic's capacity and appointment requests. The proposed approach reallocates patient visits to minimize the deviation between actual appointment lead time and a feasible target lead time. A step-by-step algorithm was presented and demonstrated for return visit (RV) and new patient (NP) types from a Pediatric clinic excluding planned visits such as well-child exam and the same day urgent appointments. The steps are: 1. Obtain appointment requests; 2. Initialize a target lead time; 3. Set up an initial schedule; 4. Check the feasibility based on appointment availability; 5. Adjust schedule backward to fill appointment slots earlier than the target; 6. Adjust schedule forward for appointments not able to be scheduled earlier or on target to the later slots; 7. Trial different target lead times until the difference between earlier and later lead time is minimized. The results indicated a 59% lead time reduction for RVs and a 45% reduction for NPs. The lead time variation was reduced by 75% for both patient types. Additionally, the opportunity for the participating clinic to achieve their organization's goal of a two-week lead time for RVs and a two-day lead time for NPs is discussed by adjusting capacity to increase one slot for NP and reduce one slot for RV. The proposed approach and study findings may help clinics identify feasible appointment lead times.
27757471	0	40	Appointment Lead Time Policy Development	T064	C0242440
27757471	44	51	Improve	T033	C0184511
27757471	52	59	Patient	T101	C0030705
27757471	60	74	Access to Care	T080	C0018748
27757471	75	82	Patient	T101	C0030705
27757471	83	97	access to care	T080	C0018748
27757471	119	129	continuing	T078	C0549178
27757471	148	169	health care providers	T097	C0018724
27757471	183	213	appointment lead time policies	T170	C0242456
27757471	221	231	government	T092	C0018104
27757471	235	242	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27757471	248	255	problem	T033	C0033213
27757471	266	279	Justification	T078	C0392360
27757471	288	306	lead time policies	T170	C0242456
27757471	325	332	lacking	T080	C0332268
27757471	339	344	paper	T073	C0030351
27757471	345	353	proposed	T080	C1553874
27757471	356	376	data-driven approach	T080	C3899452
27757471	397	405	feasible	T080	C0205556
27757471	406	417	appointment	T058	C0030675
27757471	418	424	target	T169	C1521840
27757471	425	435	lead times	T079	C1254367
27757471	444	452	clinic's	T073,T093	C0442592
27757471	453	461	capacity	T081	C1516240
27757471	466	477	appointment	T058	C0030675
27757471	478	486	requests	T052	C1272683
27757471	492	500	proposed	T080	C1553874
27757471	501	509	approach	T082	C0449445
27757471	522	536	patient visits	T058	C1512346
27757471	553	562	deviation	T082	C0012727
27757471	571	577	actual	T080	C0237400
27757471	578	589	appointment	T058	C0030675
27757471	590	599	lead time	T079	C1254367
27757471	606	614	feasible	T080	C0205556
27757471	615	621	target	T169	C1521840
27757471	622	631	lead time	T079	C1254367
27757471	635	657	step-by-step algorithm	T170	C0002045
27757471	662	671	presented	T078	C0449450
27757471	693	705	return visit	T058	C1512346
27757471	707	709	RV	T058	C1512346
27757471	715	726	new patient	T101	C0030705
27757471	728	730	NP	T101	C0030705
27757471	745	761	Pediatric clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27757471	772	786	planned visits	T058	C0008952
27757471	795	810	well-child exam	T058	C0849977
27757471	824	827	day	T079	C0439228
27757471	828	834	urgent	T079	C0439609
27757471	835	847	appointments	T058	C0030675
27757471	874	894	appointment requests	T170	C1554216
27757471	899	909	Initialize	T078	C1550022
27757471	912	918	target	T169	C1521840
27757471	919	928	lead time	T079	C1254367
27757471	933	939	Set up	T052	C1521827
27757471	943	959	initial schedule	T079	C0003630
27757471	964	969	Check	T052	C1283174
27757471	974	985	feasibility	T080	C0205556
27757471	986	994	based on	T169	C1527178
27757471	995	1006	appointment	T058	C0030675
27757471	1007	1019	availability	T169	C0470187
27757471	1031	1039	schedule	T079	C0003630
27757471	1040	1048	backward	T082	C0439781
27757471	1057	1068	appointment	T058	C0030675
27757471	1069	1074	slots	T081	C0392762
27757471	1075	1082	earlier	T079	C1279919
27757471	1092	1098	target	T169	C1521840
27757471	1110	1118	schedule	T079	C0003630
27757471	1131	1143	appointments	T058	C0030675
27757471	1159	1168	scheduled	T079	C0003630
27757471	1169	1176	earlier	T079	C1279919
27757471	1183	1189	target	T169	C1521840
27757471	1197	1202	later	T079	C0205087
27757471	1203	1208	slots	T081	C0392762
27757471	1213	1218	Trial	T062	C0681815
27757471	1229	1235	target	T169	C1521840
27757471	1236	1246	lead times	T079	C1254367
27757471	1257	1267	difference	T080	C1705242
27757471	1276	1283	earlier	T079	C1279919
27757471	1288	1293	later	T079	C0205087
27757471	1294	1303	lead time	T079	C1254367
27757471	1322	1329	results	T033	C0683954
27757471	1330	1339	indicated	T033	C1444656
27757471	1346	1355	lead time	T079	C1254367
27757471	1356	1365	reduction	T080	C0392756
27757471	1370	1373	RVs	T058	C1512346
27757471	1384	1393	reduction	T080	C0392756
27757471	1398	1401	NPs	T101	C0030705
27757471	1407	1416	lead time	T079	C1254367
27757471	1417	1426	variation	T080	C0205419
27757471	1431	1438	reduced	T080	C0392756
27757471	1450	1454	both	T080	C1706086
27757471	1455	1468	patient types	T185	C1550335
27757471	1488	1499	opportunity	T062	C0683937
27757471	1508	1528	participating clinic	T092	C1882297
27757471	1546	1565	organization's goal	T078	C0029245
27757471	1580	1589	lead time	T079	C1254367
27757471	1594	1597	RVs	T058	C1512346
27757471	1612	1621	lead time	T079	C1254367
27757471	1626	1629	NPs	T101	C0030705
27757471	1646	1655	adjusting	T080	C0205556
27757471	1656	1664	capacity	T081	C1516240
27757471	1668	1676	increase	T169	C0442805
27757471	1681	1685	slot	T081	C0392762
27757471	1690	1692	NP	T101	C0030705
27757471	1697	1703	reduce	T080	C0392756
27757471	1708	1712	slot	T081	C0392762
27757471	1717	1719	RV	T058	C1512346
27757471	1725	1733	proposed	T080	C1553874
27757471	1734	1742	approach	T082	C0449445
27757471	1747	1761	study findings	T033	C0683954
27757471	1771	1778	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27757471	1779	1787	identify	T080	C0205396
27757471	1797	1808	appointment	T058	C0030675
27757471	1809	1819	lead times	T079	C1254367

27757809|t|A novel cadaveric study of the morphometry of the serratus anterior muscle: one part, two parts, three parts, four?
27757809|a|The serratus anterior is portrayed as a homogeneous muscle in textbooks and during functional activities and rehabilitation exercises. It is unclear whether the serratus anterior is composed of subdivisions with distinctive morphology and functions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the serratus anterior could be subdivided into different structural parts on the basis of its segmental architectural parameters. Eight formalin - embalmed serratus anterior muscles were dissected and the attachments of each fascicle documented. Orientation and size of each fascicle were measured and the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) calculated. Three subdivisions of the serratus anterior were identified. A new finding was the discovery of two distinctive fascicles attached to the superior and inferior aspects of rib 2. The rib 2 inferior fascicle had the largest PCSA (mean 1.6 cm(2)) and attached, with the rib 3 fascicle, along the medial border of the scapula to form the middle division. The rib 2 superior and rib 1 fascicles attached to the superior angle of the scapula (upper division). Fascicles from ribs 4-8/9 attached to the inferior angle of the scapula (lower division). Mean fascicle angle relative to a vertical midline reference and PCSA for each division were 29° and 1.3 cm(2) (upper), 90° and 2.2 cm(2) (middle) and 59° and 3.0 cm(2) (lower). This novel study demonstrated the presence of morphologically distinct serratus anterior subdivisions. The results of this study will inform the development of optimal techniques for the assessment, treatment and rehabilitation of this architecturally complex muscle in shoulder and neck pain.
27757809	8	17	cadaveric	T017	C0006629
27757809	18	23	study	T062	C2603343
27757809	31	42	morphometry	T059	C0200760
27757809	50	74	serratus anterior muscle	T023	C0224349
27757809	76	79	one	T081	C0205447
27757809	80	84	part	T082	C0449719
27757809	86	89	two	T081	C0205448
27757809	90	95	parts	T082	C0449719
27757809	97	102	three	T081	C0205449
27757809	103	108	parts	T082	C0449719
27757809	110	114	four	T081	C0205450
27757809	120	137	serratus anterior	T023	C0224349
27757809	168	174	muscle	T024	C0026845
27757809	199	220	functional activities	T061	C0695584
27757809	225	249	rehabilitation exercises	T061	C0452240
27757809	277	294	serratus anterior	T023	C0224349
27757809	310	322	subdivisions	T030	C1179213
27757809	340	350	morphology	T080	C0332437
27757809	355	364	functions	T169	C0542341
27757809	386	391	study	T062	C2603343
27757809	421	438	serratus anterior	T023	C0224349
27757809	511	534	segmental architectural	T082	C0442059
27757809	535	545	parameters	T077	C0549193
27757809	553	561	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0016564
27757809	564	572	embalmed	T057	C0013914
27757809	573	598	serratus anterior muscles	T023	C0224349
27757809	604	613	dissected	T169	C0205239
27757809	642	650	fascicle	T023	C0229962
27757809	663	674	Orientation	T082	C1704322
27757809	679	683	size	T082	C0456389
27757809	692	700	fascicle	T023	C0229962
27757809	723	757	physiological cross-sectional area	T082	C1254362
27757809	759	763	PCSA	T082	C1254362
27757809	783	795	subdivisions	T030	C1179213
27757809	803	820	serratus anterior	T023	C0224349
27757809	844	851	finding	T033	C0243095
27757809	889	898	fascicles	T023	C0229962
27757809	915	923	superior	T082	C1282910
27757809	928	936	inferior	T082	C0542339
27757809	948	953	rib 2	T023	C1709949
27757809	959	964	rib 2	T023	C1709949
27757809	974	982	fascicle	T023	C0229962
27757809	999	1003	PCSA	T082	C1254362
27757809	1044	1049	rib 3	T023	C1709950
27757809	1050	1058	fascicle	T023	C0229962
27757809	1070	1098	medial border of the scapula	T029	C0223627
27757809	1111	1126	middle division	T030	C0229984
27757809	1132	1137	rib 2	T023	C1709949
27757809	1138	1146	superior	T082	C1282910
27757809	1151	1156	rib 1	T023	C1709945
27757809	1157	1166	fascicles	T023	C0229962
27757809	1183	1212	superior angle of the scapula	T029	C0816421
27757809	1214	1228	upper division	T030	C0229984
27757809	1231	1240	Fascicles	T023	C0229962
27757809	1246	1256	ribs 4-8/9	T023	C0035561
27757809	1273	1302	inferior angle of the scapula	T029	C0507151
27757809	1304	1318	lower division	T030	C0229984
27757809	1326	1334	fascicle	T023	C0229962
27757809	1355	1381	vertical midline reference	T082	C0446379
27757809	1386	1390	PCSA	T082	C1254362
27757809	1400	1408	division	T030	C0229984
27757809	1433	1438	upper	T082	C1282910
27757809	1460	1466	middle	T082	C0444598
27757809	1491	1496	lower	T082	C0441994
27757809	1510	1515	study	T062	C2603343
27757809	1545	1560	morphologically	T080	C0332437
27757809	1561	1569	distinct	T080	C0442825
27757809	1570	1587	serratus anterior	T023	C0224349
27757809	1588	1600	subdivisions	T030	C1179213
27757809	1622	1627	study	T062	C2603343
27757809	1659	1677	optimal techniques	T169	C0449851
27757809	1686	1696	assessment	T058	C1261322
27757809	1698	1707	treatment	T061	C0087111
27757809	1712	1726	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27757809	1759	1765	muscle	T024	C0026845
27757809	1769	1777	shoulder	T033	C0037011
27757809	1782	1791	neck pain	T184	C0007859

27758943|t|Renal Function and the Risk of Stroke and Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: An Observational Cohort Study
27758943|a|We sought to determine the risk of stroke / thromboembolism and bleeding associated with reduced renal function in patients with atrial fibrillation and the risk of stroke and bleeding associated with warfarin treatment in specific estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) groups. We conducted a register-based cohort study and included patients discharged with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation from 1997 to 2011 with available eGFR. A total of 17 349 patients were identified with eGFR available at baseline. All levels of lower eGFR were associated with higher risk of stroke / thromboembolism and bleeding. Use of warfarin was associated with higher bleeding risk in all eGFR groups; hazard ratios 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.56), 1.26 (95% CI, 1.14-1.40), 1.18 (95% CI, 1.07-1.31), 1.11 (95% CI, 0.87-1.42), 2.01 (95% CI, 1.14-3.54) in patients with eGFR ≥90, 60 to 89, 30 to 59, 15 to 29, and <15 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively. Use of warfarin was associated with lower risk of stroke / thromboembolism in patients with eGFR ≥15 mL/min per 1.73 m(2); hazard ratios 0.57 (95% CI, 0.43-0.76), 0.57 (95% CI, 0.51-0.64), 0.48 (95% CI, 0.44-0.54), 0.60 (95% CI, 0.45-0.80) in patients with eGFR ≥90, 60 to 89, 30 to 59, and 15 to 29 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively. Use of warfarin was not associated with lower risk of stroke / thromboembolism in patients with eGFR <15 mL/min per 1.73 m(2); hazard ratio 1.18 (95% CI, 0.58-2.40). In patients with atrial fibrillation, the risk of stroke and bleeding was associated with levels of renal function. Warfarin treatment was associated with higher risk of bleeding in all eGFR groups and lower risk of stroke in patients with eGFR ≥15 mL/min per 1.73 m(2).
27758943	0	14	Renal Function	T042	C0232804
27758943	23	27	Risk	T078	C0035647
27758943	31	37	Stroke	T047	C0038454
27758943	42	50	Bleeding	T046	C0019080
27758943	54	62	Patients	T101	C0030705
27758943	68	87	Atrial Fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27758943	92	118	Observational Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27758943	146	150	risk	T078	C0035647
27758943	154	160	stroke	T047	C0038454
27758943	163	178	thromboembolism	T046	C0040038
27758943	183	191	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27758943	192	207	associated with	T080	C0332281
27758943	216	230	renal function	T042	C0232804
27758943	234	242	patients	T101	C0030705
27758943	248	267	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27758943	276	280	risk	T078	C0035647
27758943	284	290	stroke	T047	C0038454
27758943	295	303	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27758943	304	319	associated with	T080	C0332281
27758943	320	338	warfarin treatment	T061	C0750388
27758943	351	387	estimated glomerular filtration rate	T059	C3811844
27758943	389	393	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27758943	395	401	groups	T078	C0441833
27758943	433	445	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27758943	459	467	patients	T101	C0030705
27758943	484	515	nonvalvular atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27758943	549	553	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27758943	573	581	patients	T101	C0030705
27758943	603	607	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27758943	621	629	baseline	T081	C1442488
27758943	635	641	levels	T080	C0441889
27758943	651	655	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27758943	661	676	associated with	T080	C0332281
27758943	684	688	risk	T078	C0035647
27758943	692	698	stroke	T047	C0038454
27758943	701	716	thromboembolism	T046	C0040038
27758943	721	729	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27758943	738	746	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27758943	751	766	associated with	T080	C0332281
27758943	774	782	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27758943	783	787	risk	T078	C0035647
27758943	795	799	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27758943	800	806	groups	T078	C0441833
27758943	808	821	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27758943	832	851	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27758943	853	855	CI	T081	C0009667
27758943	880	882	CI	T081	C0009667
27758943	906	908	CI	T081	C0009667
27758943	932	934	CI	T081	C0009667
27758943	958	960	CI	T081	C0009667
27758943	976	984	patients	T101	C0030705
27758943	990	994	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27758943	1081	1089	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27758943	1094	1109	associated with	T080	C0332281
27758943	1116	1120	risk	T078	C0035647
27758943	1124	1130	stroke	T047	C0038454
27758943	1133	1148	thromboembolism	T046	C0040038
27758943	1152	1160	patients	T101	C0030705
27758943	1166	1170	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27758943	1197	1210	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27758943	1221	1223	CI	T081	C0009667
27758943	1247	1249	CI	T081	C0009667
27758943	1273	1275	CI	T081	C0009667
27758943	1299	1301	CI	T081	C0009667
27758943	1317	1325	patients	T101	C0030705
27758943	1331	1335	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27758943	1417	1425	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27758943	1434	1449	associated with	T080	C0332281
27758943	1456	1460	risk	T078	C0035647
27758943	1464	1470	stroke	T047	C0038454
27758943	1473	1488	thromboembolism	T046	C0040038
27758943	1492	1500	patients	T101	C0030705
27758943	1506	1510	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27758943	1537	1549	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27758943	1560	1562	CI	T081	C0009667
27758943	1579	1587	patients	T101	C0030705
27758943	1593	1612	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27758943	1618	1622	risk	T078	C0035647
27758943	1626	1632	stroke	T047	C0038454
27758943	1637	1645	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27758943	1650	1665	associated with	T080	C0332281
27758943	1676	1690	renal function	T042	C0232804
27758943	1692	1710	Warfarin treatment	T061	C0750388
27758943	1715	1730	associated with	T080	C0332281
27758943	1731	1737	higher	T080	C0205250
27758943	1738	1742	risk	T078	C0035647
27758943	1746	1754	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27758943	1762	1766	eGFR	T059	C3811844
27758943	1767	1773	groups	T078	C0441833
27758943	1778	1783	lower	T080	C0205251
27758943	1784	1788	risk	T078	C0035647
27758943	1792	1798	stroke	T047	C0038454
27758943	1802	1810	patients	T101	C0030705
27758943	1816	1820	eGFR	T059	C3811844

27759568|t|Survey of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Nurse Attitudes Toward Therapeutic Hypothermia Treatment
27759568|a|The traumatic experiences of parent s of babies treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) have been described. No research has assessed neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurse experience in providing care to hypothermic babies and emotional support to their parents. To assess NICU nurse attitudes to the provision of TH with respect to perceptions about baby pain / sedation, need for nurse and parent education, decision making about initiation of TH, and barriers to best care. A survey was electronically sent to 219 nurses at 2 affiliated academic level III NICUs: 1 rural and 1 urban location. There were 17 questions where responses were selected from a preset list and 7 opportunities for nurses to provide free text responses. The response rate was 38% (N = 83). Overwhelming similarities between the urban and rural institutions were found with NICU nurses expressing understanding of the indications for initiating TH, agreement that TH improves long-term outcomes and that the benefits of TH outweigh the risks. Nurses at the urban institution more frequently expressed concerns surrounding inadequate treatment of baby pain / sedation, and nurses at both institutions strongly emphasized the need for more nurse and parent education about TH and improved timeliness of decision making for initiation of TH. NICU nurses specifically want to learn more about outcomes of babies after treatment with TH and feel that parents need more education about TH. Research is urgently needed to better understand the implications of TH treatment for parent - baby bonding.
27759568	0	6	Survey	T062	C0018762
27759568	10	38	Neonatal Intensive Care Unit	T073,T093	C0021709
27759568	39	44	Nurse	T097	C0028661
27759568	45	54	Attitudes	T041	C0004271
27759568	62	95	Therapeutic Hypothermia Treatment	T061	C0020674
27759568	100	109	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27759568	125	131	parent	T099	C0030551
27759568	137	143	babies	T100	C0021270
27759568	144	156	treated with	T061	C0332293
27759568	157	180	therapeutic hypothermia	T061	C0020674
27759568	182	184	TH	T061	C0020674
27759568	210	218	research	T062	C0035168
27759568	223	231	assessed	T052	C1516048
27759568	232	260	neonatal intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021709
27759568	262	266	NICU	T073,T093	C0021709
27759568	268	273	nurse	T097	C0028661
27759568	306	317	hypothermic	T033	C0020672
27759568	318	324	babies	T100	C0021270
27759568	356	363	parents	T099	C0030551
27759568	375	379	NICU	T073,T093	C0021709
27759568	380	385	nurse	T097	C0028661
27759568	386	395	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27759568	416	418	TH	T061	C0020674
27759568	435	446	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27759568	453	457	baby	T100	C0021270
27759568	458	462	pain	T184	C0030193
27759568	465	473	sedation	T061	C0344106
27759568	484	489	nurse	T097	C0028661
27759568	494	500	parent	T099	C0030551
27759568	501	510	education	T065	C0013621
27759568	512	527	decision making	T041	C0011109
27759568	534	544	initiation	T169	C1704686
27759568	548	550	TH	T061	C0020674
27759568	581	587	survey	T062	C0018762
27759568	619	625	nurses	T097	C0028661
27759568	661	666	NICUs	T073,T093	C0021709
27759568	728	737	responses	T170	C1706817
27759568	795	801	nurses	T097	C0028661
27759568	823	832	responses	T170	C1706817
27759568	838	846	response	T170	C1706817
27759568	870	882	Overwhelming	T080	C0522501
27759568	908	913	urban	T093	C0020029
27759568	918	936	rural institutions	T093	C0020023
27759568	953	957	NICU	T073,T093	C0021709
27759568	958	964	nurses	T097	C0028661
27759568	1024	1026	TH	T061	C0020674
27759568	1043	1045	TH	T061	C0020674
27759568	1055	1064	long-term	T079	C0443252
27759568	1065	1073	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27759568	1099	1101	TH	T061	C0020674
27759568	1122	1128	Nurses	T097	C0028661
27759568	1136	1153	urban institution	T093	C0020029
27759568	1212	1221	treatment	T061	C0087111
27759568	1225	1229	baby	T100	C0021270
27759568	1230	1234	pain	T184	C0030193
27759568	1237	1245	sedation	T061	C0344106
27759568	1251	1257	nurses	T097	C0028661
27759568	1266	1278	institutions	UnknownType	C0337951
27759568	1317	1322	nurse	T097	C0028661
27759568	1327	1333	parent	T099	C0030551
27759568	1334	1343	education	T065	C0013621
27759568	1350	1352	TH	T061	C0020674
27759568	1380	1395	decision making	T041	C0011109
27759568	1400	1410	initiation	T169	C1704686
27759568	1414	1416	TH	T061	C0020674
27759568	1418	1422	NICU	T073,T093	C0021709
27759568	1423	1429	nurses	T097	C0028661
27759568	1468	1476	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27759568	1480	1486	babies	T100	C0021270
27759568	1493	1502	treatment	T061	C0087111
27759568	1508	1510	TH	T061	C0020674
27759568	1525	1532	parents	T099	C0030551
27759568	1543	1552	education	T065	C0013621
27759568	1559	1561	TH	T061	C0020674
27759568	1563	1571	Research	T062	C0035168
27759568	1632	1644	TH treatment	T061	C0020674
27759568	1649	1655	parent	T099	C0030551
27759568	1658	1662	baby	T100	C0021270

27759877|t|Pharmacological Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Meningioma Patients: Should It Be Earlier Than Clinical Practice?
27759877|a|We read the report by Çeltikçi et al in the Turkish Neurosurgery with great interest. In this single-center retrospective study, they analysed 449 intracranial meningioma patients underwent open surgery. They stated that venous thromboembolism (VTE) had been seen in 21 (4.6%) of their patients. This is an important issue because VTE, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is the most common overall complication in meningioma surgery and is fatal in up to one third of patients (2). We suppose that prophylaxis of VTE is most effective when mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxis are combined. We consider that there key some practical questions to be answered for a proper clinical extrapolation.
27759877	0	50	Pharmacological Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis	T061	C0199242
27759877	54	64	Meningioma	T191	C0025286
27759877	65	73	Patients	T101	C0030705
27759877	101	118	Clinical Practice	T061	C0695275
27759877	132	138	report	T170	C2936319
27759877	164	184	Turkish Neurosurgery	T073,T093	C1552762
27759877	228	247	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27759877	267	290	intracranial meningioma	T191	C0349604
27759877	291	299	patients	T101	C0030705
27759877	310	322	open surgery	T061	C4283938
27759877	341	363	venous thromboembolism	T047	C1861172
27759877	365	368	VTE	T047	C1861172
27759877	406	414	patients	T101	C0030705
27759877	451	454	VTE	T047	C1861172
27759877	466	486	deep vein thrombosis	T047	C0149871
27759877	488	491	DVT	T047	C0149871
27759877	497	515	pulmonary embolism	T047	C0034065
27759877	517	519	PE	T047	C0034065
27759877	549	561	complication	T046	C0009566
27759877	565	583	meningioma surgery	T061	C1096493
27759877	619	627	patients	T101	C0030705
27759877	649	660	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
27759877	664	667	VTE	T047	C1861172
27759877	706	733	pharmacological prophylaxis	T061	C0420172
27759877	828	850	clinical extrapolation	T169	C0205245

27760149|t|BEST: Next-Generation Biomedical Entity Search Tool for Knowledge Discovery from Biomedical Literature
27760149|a|As the volume of publications rapidly increases, searching for relevant information from the literature becomes more challenging. To complement standard search engines such as PubMed, it is desirable to have an advanced search tool that directly returns relevant biomedical entities such as targets, drugs, and mutations rather than a long list of articles. Some existing tools submit a query to PubMed and process retrieved abstracts to extract information at query time, resulting in a slow response time and limited coverage of only a fraction of the PubMed corpus. Other tools preprocess the PubMed corpus to speed up the response time; however, they are not constantly updated, and thus produce outdated results. Further, most existing tools cannot process sophisticated queries such as searches for mutations that co-occur with query terms in the literature. To address these problems, we introduce BEST, a biomedical entity search tool. BEST returns, as a result, a list of 10 different types of biomedical entities including genes, diseases, drugs, targets, transcription factors, miRNAs, and mutations that are relevant to a user's query. To the best of our knowledge, BEST is the only system that processes free text queries and returns up-to-date results in real time including mutation information in the results. BEST is freely accessible at http://best.korea.ac.kr.
27760149	0	4	BEST	T170	C0282574
27760149	6	21	Next-Generation	T079	C1254367
27760149	22	51	Biomedical Entity Search Tool	T170	C0282574
27760149	56	65	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
27760149	66	75	Discovery	T052	C1880355
27760149	81	102	Biomedical Literature	T078	C0025120
27760149	110	116	volume	T080	C1690016
27760149	120	132	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
27760149	133	140	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27760149	141	150	increases	T081	C0205217
27760149	152	161	searching	T052	C1706202
27760149	166	174	relevant	T080	C2347946
27760149	175	186	information	T078	C1533716
27760149	196	206	literature	T170	C0023866
27760149	220	231	challenging	T033	C0243095
27760149	247	255	standard	T080	C1442989
27760149	256	270	search engines	T170	C2348167
27760149	279	285	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27760149	293	302	desirable	T080	C0205556
27760149	314	334	advanced search tool	T170	C2348167
27760149	340	348	directly	T080	C1947931
27760149	349	356	returns	T080	C0332156
27760149	357	365	relevant	T080	C2347946
27760149	366	376	biomedical	T080	C0205556
27760149	377	385	entities	T071	C1551338
27760149	394	401	targets	T074	C0085104
27760149	403	408	drugs	T121	C0013227
27760149	414	423	mutations	T045	C0026882
27760149	466	474	existing	T033	C0243095
27760149	475	480	tools	T170	C0037589
27760149	481	487	submit	T169	C1515023
27760149	490	495	query	T170	C1522634
27760149	499	505	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27760149	510	517	process	T067	C1522240
27760149	528	537	abstracts	T170	C0600678
27760149	549	560	information	T078	C1533716
27760149	564	569	query	T170	C1522634
27760149	570	574	time	T079	C0040223
27760149	576	585	resulting	T169	C1274040
27760149	591	595	slow	T080	C0439834
27760149	605	609	time	T079	C0040223
27760149	614	621	limited	T169	C0439801
27760149	622	630	coverage	T169	C1999244
27760149	641	652	fraction of	T081	C1264633
27760149	657	670	PubMed corpus	T170	C1138432
27760149	678	683	tools	T170	C0037589
27760149	684	694	preprocess	T066	C1882455
27760149	699	712	PubMed corpus	T170	C1138432
27760149	738	742	time	T079	C0040223
27760149	766	776	constantly	T080	C1948059
27760149	777	784	updated	T079	C1519814
27760149	795	802	produce	T169	C0678227
27760149	803	811	outdated	T170	C3645590
27760149	812	819	results	T169	C1274040
27760149	844	849	tools	T170	C0037589
27760149	857	864	process	T067	C1522240
27760149	865	878	sophisticated	T080	C0205556
27760149	879	886	queries	T170	C1522634
27760149	895	903	searches	T052	C1706202
27760149	908	917	mutations	T045	C0026882
27760149	923	931	co-occur	T052	C1709305
27760149	937	942	query	T170	C1522634
27760149	956	966	literature	T170	C0023866
27760149	985	993	problems	T033	C0033213
27760149	998	1007	introduce	T169	C1292748
27760149	1008	1012	BEST	T170	C0282574
27760149	1016	1045	biomedical entity search tool	T170	C0282574
27760149	1047	1051	BEST	T170	C0282574
27760149	1052	1059	returns	T080	C0332156
27760149	1066	1072	result	T169	C1274040
27760149	1087	1096	different	T080	C1705242
27760149	1106	1116	biomedical	T080	C0205556
27760149	1117	1125	entities	T071	C1551338
27760149	1126	1135	including	T169	C0332257
27760149	1136	1141	genes	T028	C0017337
27760149	1143	1151	diseases	T047	C0012634
27760149	1153	1158	drugs	T121	C0013227
27760149	1160	1167	targets	T074	C0085104
27760149	1169	1190	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27760149	1192	1198	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27760149	1204	1213	mutations	T045	C0026882
27760149	1223	1231	relevant	T080	C2347946
27760149	1244	1249	query	T170	C1522634
27760149	1270	1279	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27760149	1281	1285	BEST	T170	C0282574
27760149	1298	1304	system	T169	C0449913
27760149	1310	1319	processes	T067	C1522240
27760149	1325	1329	text	T170	C1527021
27760149	1330	1337	queries	T170	C1522634
27760149	1342	1349	returns	T080	C0332156
27760149	1350	1360	up-to-date	T033	C0243095
27760149	1361	1368	results	T169	C1274040
27760149	1372	1381	real time	T079	C1550177
27760149	1382	1391	including	T169	C0332257
27760149	1392	1400	mutation	T045	C0026882
27760149	1401	1412	information	T078	C1533716
27760149	1420	1427	results	T169	C1274040
27760149	1429	1433	BEST	T170	C0282574

27760426|t|Cl-NQTrp Alleviates Tauopathy Symptoms in a Model Organism through the Inhibition of Tau Aggregation -Engendered Toxicity
27760426|a|Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most abundant tauopathy and is characterized by Aβ -derived plaques and tau -derived tangles, resulting from the unfolding of the corresponding monomeric subunits into ordered β-sheet oligomers and fibrils. Intervening in the toxic aggregation process is a promising therapeutic approach, but, to date, a disease -modifying therapy is neither available for AD nor for other tauopathies. Along these lines, we have previously demonstrated that a small naphthoquinone-tryptophan hybrid, termed NQTrp, is an effective modulator of tauopathy in vitro and in vivo. However, NQTrp is difficult to synthesize and is not very stable. Therefore, we tested whether a more stable and easier-to-synthesize modified version of NQTrp, containing a Cl ion, namely Cl-NQTrp, is also an effective inhibitor of tau aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Cl-NQTrp was previously shown to efficiently inhibit the aggregation of various amyloidogenic proteins and peptides. We demonstrate that Cl-NQTrp inhibits the in vitro assembly of PHF6, the aggregation -prone fragment of tau, and alleviates tauopathy symptoms in a transgenic Drosophila model through the inhibition of tau aggregation -engendered toxicity. These results suggest that Cl-NQTrp could be a unique potential therapeutic for AD since it targets aggregation of both Aβ and tau.
27760426	0	8	Cl-NQTrp	T116,T121	C3501592
27760426	20	29	Tauopathy	T047	C0949664
27760426	30	38	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
27760426	44	58	Model Organism	T050	C0012644
27760426	71	81	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27760426	85	88	Tau	T116,T123	C0085401
27760426	89	100	Aggregation	T044	C3850147
27760426	113	121	Toxicity	T037	C0600688
27760426	122	141	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27760426	143	145	AD	T047	C0002395
27760426	168	177	tauopathy	T047	C0949664
27760426	202	204	Aβ	T116	C3484390
27760426	214	221	plaques	T020	C0333463
27760426	226	229	tau	T116,T123	C0085401
27760426	239	246	tangles	T049	C0085400
27760426	267	276	unfolding	T043	C1655065
27760426	298	316	monomeric subunits	T116	C0599220
27760426	330	337	β-sheet	T082	C0162806
27760426	338	347	oligomers	T087	C0599219
27760426	352	359	fibrils	T026	C0225328
27760426	361	372	Intervening	T061	C0184661
27760426	386	397	aggregation	T044	C3850147
27760426	421	441	therapeutic approach	T061	C0087111
27760426	459	466	disease	T047	C0012634
27760426	478	485	therapy	T061	C0087111
27760426	511	513	AD	T047	C0002395
27760426	528	539	tauopathies	T047	C0949664
27760426	605	637	naphthoquinone-tryptophan hybrid	T116,T123	C3711678
27760426	646	651	NQTrp	T116,T123	C3711678
27760426	682	691	tauopathy	T047	C0949664
27760426	692	700	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27760426	705	712	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27760426	723	728	NQTrp	T116,T123	C3711678
27760426	763	778	not very stable	T033	C0443343
27760426	816	822	stable	T080	C0205360
27760426	868	873	NQTrp	T116,T123	C3711678
27760426	888	894	Cl ion	T196	C0596019
27760426	903	911	Cl-NQTrp	T116,T121	C3501592
27760426	934	943	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27760426	947	950	tau	T116,T123	C0085401
27760426	951	962	aggregation	T044	C3850147
27760426	963	971	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27760426	976	983	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27760426	985	993	Cl-NQTrp	T116,T121	C3501592
27760426	1030	1037	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27760426	1042	1053	aggregation	T044	C3850147
27760426	1065	1087	amyloidogenic proteins	T116,T123	C1456454
27760426	1092	1100	peptides	T116	C0030956
27760426	1122	1130	Cl-NQTrp	T116,T121	C3501592
27760426	1131	1139	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27760426	1144	1152	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27760426	1153	1161	assembly	T044	C0872376
27760426	1165	1169	PHF6	T116,T130	C1335533
27760426	1175	1186	aggregation	T044	C3850147
27760426	1194	1202	fragment	T116,T130	C1335533
27760426	1206	1209	tau	T116,T123	C0085401
27760426	1226	1235	tauopathy	T047	C0949664
27760426	1236	1244	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27760426	1250	1260	transgenic	T008	C0003069
27760426	1261	1271	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
27760426	1272	1277	model	T050	C1519606
27760426	1290	1300	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27760426	1304	1307	tau	T116,T123	C0085401
27760426	1308	1319	aggregation	T044	C3850147
27760426	1332	1340	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27760426	1369	1377	Cl-NQTrp	T116,T121	C3501592
27760426	1406	1417	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27760426	1422	1424	AD	T047	C0002395
27760426	1442	1453	aggregation	T044	C3850147
27760426	1462	1464	Aβ	T116	C3484390
27760426	1469	1472	tau	T116,T123	C0085401

27760552|t|Facilitating factors and barriers to malaria research utilization for policy development in Malawi
27760552|a|Research on various determinants of health is key in providing evidence for policy development, thereby leading to successful interventions. Utilization of research is an intricate process requiring an understanding of contextual factors. The study was conducted to assess enhancing factors and barriers of research utilization for malaria policy development in Malawi. Qualitative research approach was used through in-depth interviews with 39 key informants that included malaria researchers, policy makers, programme managers, and key stakeholders. Purposive sampling and snowballing techniques were used in identifying key informants. Interview transcripts were entered in QSR Nvivo 11 software for coding and analysis. Respondents identified global efforts as key in advancing knowledge translation, while local political will has been conducive for research utilization. Other factors were availability of research, availability of diverse local researchers and stakeholders supporting knowledge translation. While barriers included: lack of platforms for researcher - public engagement, politics, researchers' lack of communication skills, lack of research collaborations, funder driven research, unknown World Health Organization policy position, and the lack of a malaria research repository. Overall, the study identified facilitating factors to malaria research utilization for policy development in Malawi. These factors need to be systematically coordinated to address the identified barriers and improve on malaria research utilization in policy development. Malaria research can be key in the implementation of evidence-based interventions to reduce the malaria burden and assist in the paradigm shift from malaria control to elimination in Malawi.
27760552	0	20	Facilitating factors	T169	C1521761
27760552	25	33	barriers	T080	C4045969
27760552	37	44	malaria	T047	C0024530
27760552	45	53	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	54	65	utilization	T169	C0042153
27760552	70	88	policy development	T064	C0242440
27760552	92	98	Malawi	T083	C0024548
27760552	99	107	Research	T062	C0035168
27760552	119	131	determinants	T169	C1521761
27760552	135	141	health	T078	C0018684
27760552	152	161	providing	T052	C1999230
27760552	162	170	evidence	T078	C3887511
27760552	175	193	policy development	T064	C0242440
27760552	214	224	successful	T080	C1272703
27760552	240	251	Utilization	T169	C0042153
27760552	255	263	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	270	279	intricate	T080	C0439855
27760552	280	287	process	T067	C1522240
27760552	318	336	contextual factors	UnknownType	C0683580
27760552	372	381	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27760552	382	389	factors	T169	C1521761
27760552	394	402	barriers	T080	C4045969
27760552	406	414	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	415	426	utilization	T169	C0042153
27760552	431	438	malaria	T047	C0024530
27760552	439	457	policy development	T064	C0242440
27760552	461	467	Malawi	T083	C0024548
27760552	469	480	Qualitative	T080	C0205556
27760552	481	489	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	525	535	interviews	T052	C0021822
27760552	548	558	informants	T098	C0870704
27760552	573	580	malaria	T047	C0024530
27760552	581	592	researchers	T097	C0035173
27760552	594	607	policy makers	T097	C0242170
27760552	609	618	programme	T057	C0683739
27760552	619	627	managers	T097	C0335141
27760552	633	649	key stakeholders	T098	C1257890
27760552	651	669	Purposive sampling	T062	C0681880
27760552	674	696	snowballing techniques	T062	C2348215
27760552	710	721	identifying	T080	C0205396
27760552	726	736	informants	T098	C0870704
27760552	738	747	Interview	T052	C0021822
27760552	748	759	transcripts	T170	C0034869
27760552	765	772	entered	T080	C1521975
27760552	776	797	QSR Nvivo 11 software	T073,T170	C0037585
27760552	813	821	analysis	T062	C0936012
27760552	823	834	Respondents	T098	C0282122
27760552	835	845	identified	T080	C0205396
27760552	846	852	global	T080	C2348867
27760552	853	860	efforts	T052	C0441655
27760552	881	902	knowledge translation	T062	C3494164
27760552	910	915	local	T082	C0205276
27760552	916	930	political will	T068	C0032380
27760552	940	949	conducive	T080	C3898897
27760552	954	962	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	963	974	utilization	T169	C0042153
27760552	982	989	factors	T169	C1521761
27760552	995	1010	availability of	T169	C0470187
27760552	1011	1019	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	1021	1036	availability of	T169	C0470187
27760552	1045	1050	local	T082	C0205276
27760552	1051	1062	researchers	T097	C0035173
27760552	1067	1079	stakeholders	T098	C1257890
27760552	1080	1090	supporting	T077	C1521721
27760552	1091	1112	knowledge translation	T062	C3494164
27760552	1120	1128	barriers	T080	C4045969
27760552	1139	1143	lack	T080	C0332268
27760552	1161	1171	researcher	T097	C0035173
27760552	1174	1180	public	T092	C0678367
27760552	1181	1191	engagement	T033	C2937292
27760552	1193	1201	politics	T057	C0032379
27760552	1203	1215	researchers'	T097	C0035173
27760552	1216	1220	lack	T080	C0332268
27760552	1224	1244	communication skills	T032	C0870313
27760552	1246	1250	lack	T080	C0332268
27760552	1254	1262	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	1263	1277	collaborations	T054	C0282116
27760552	1279	1301	funder driven research	T062	C0681805
27760552	1303	1310	unknown	T080	C0439673
27760552	1311	1336	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
27760552	1337	1343	policy	T170	C0242456
27760552	1362	1366	lack	T080	C0332268
27760552	1372	1379	malaria	T047	C0024530
27760552	1380	1388	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	1389	1399	repository	T073	C3847505
27760552	1420	1430	identified	T080	C0205396
27760552	1431	1451	facilitating factors	T169	C1521761
27760552	1455	1462	malaria	T047	C0024530
27760552	1463	1471	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	1472	1483	utilization	T169	C0042153
27760552	1488	1506	policy development	T064	C0242440
27760552	1510	1516	Malawi	T083	C0024548
27760552	1524	1531	factors	T169	C1521761
27760552	1543	1557	systematically	T169	C0220922
27760552	1558	1569	coordinated	T169	C0700114
27760552	1585	1595	identified	T080	C0205396
27760552	1596	1604	barriers	T080	C4045969
27760552	1609	1616	improve	T033	C0184511
27760552	1620	1627	malaria	T047	C0024530
27760552	1628	1636	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	1637	1648	utilization	T169	C0042153
27760552	1652	1670	policy development	T064	C0242440
27760552	1672	1679	Malaria	T047	C0024530
27760552	1680	1688	research	T062	C0035168
27760552	1707	1721	implementation	T052	C1708476
27760552	1725	1739	evidence-based	T078	C3887511
27760552	1757	1763	reduce	T080	C0392756
27760552	1768	1775	malaria	T047	C0024530
27760552	1776	1782	burden	T078	C2828008
27760552	1801	1815	paradigm shift	T062	C0681797
27760552	1821	1828	malaria	T047	C0024530
27760552	1829	1836	control	T169	C2587213
27760552	1840	1851	elimination	T052	C1948029
27760552	1855	1861	Malawi	T083	C0024548

27760700|t|Altered interregional correlations between serotonin transporter availability and cerebral glucose metabolism in schizophrenia: A high-resolution PET study using [(11)C]DASB and [(18)F]FDG
27760700|a|The purpose of the present study was to investigate the patterns of interregional correlations of serotonin transporter (SERT) availability with glucose metabolism using 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) with (11)C-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylthio)benzonitrile ([(11)C]DASB) and [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG) in antipsychotic-free patients with schizophrenia in order to shed new light on the disrupted functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Nineteen patients with schizophrenia and 18 healthy controls underwent high-resolution PET and MRI. The binding potential (BPND) of [(11)C]DASB and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) of [(18)F]FDG were obtained. In SERT availability, the region of interest (ROI)-based analyses showed no significant group differences in any region, except for the anterior hippocampus where the SERT availability was lower in patients with schizophrenia than in controls. The ROI - and voxel -based analyses revealed that the [(18)F]FDG SUVR values were significantly lower in patients than in controls in the right superior frontal gyrus and medial part of the left superior frontal gyrus. Regarding the interregional correlations of [(11)C]DASB BPND with [(18)F]FDG SUVR, more widespread positive correlations across the brain regions were observed in control subjects than in patients with schizophrenia. Notably, the patients and control subjects showed statistically significant differences in correlations between the SERT availability in the parietal and temporal cortices and the glucose metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest abnormal functional connectivity between the higher-order cortical regions in schizophrenia and a possible important role of the posterior cingulate gyrus and its related circuitry in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
27760700	0	7	Altered	T169	C0392747
27760700	8	21	interregional	T029	C0005898
27760700	22	34	correlations	T080	C1707520
27760700	43	64	serotonin transporter	T116,T123	C0170657
27760700	65	77	availability	T169	C0470187
27760700	82	98	cerebral glucose	T109,T121,T123	C1988487
27760700	91	109	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27760700	113	126	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27760700	130	149	high-resolution PET	T060	C0032743
27760700	162	173	[(11)C]DASB	T109	C1570551
27760700	178	188	[(18)F]FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27760700	257	270	interregional	T029	C0005898
27760700	271	283	correlations	T080	C1707520
27760700	287	308	serotonin transporter	T116,T123	C0170657
27760700	310	314	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
27760700	316	328	availability	T169	C0470187
27760700	334	352	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27760700	359	393	7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27760700	395	398	MRI	T060	C0024485
27760700	404	448	high-resolution positron emission tomography	T060	C0032743
27760700	450	453	PET	T060	C0032743
27760700	460	521	(11)C-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylthio)benzonitrile	T109	C1570551
27760700	523	534	[(11)C]DASB	T109	C1570551
27760700	540	565	[(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose	T109,T130	C0046056
27760700	567	577	[(18)F]FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27760700	582	609	antipsychotic-free patients	T101	C0030705
27760700	615	628	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27760700	663	672	disrupted	T080	C0332454
27760700	673	696	functional connectivity	T169	C1707489
27760700	700	713	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27760700	724	732	patients	T101	C0030705
27760700	738	751	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27760700	759	775	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27760700	786	805	high-resolution PET	T060	C0032743
27760700	810	813	MRI	T060	C0024485
27760700	819	836	binding potential	T067	C2986841
27760700	838	842	BPND	T067	C2986841
27760700	847	858	[(11)C]DASB	T109	C1570551
27760700	863	894	standardized uptake value ratio	T081	C3897504
27760700	896	900	SUVR	T081	C3897504
27760700	905	915	[(18)F]FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27760700	934	938	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
27760700	939	951	availability	T169	C0470187
27760700	957	975	region of interest	T082	C0807727
27760700	977	980	ROI	T082	C0807727
27760700	988	996	analyses	T062	C0936012
27760700	1044	1050	region	T029	C1273723
27760700	1067	1075	anterior	T082	C0205094
27760700	1076	1087	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27760700	1098	1102	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
27760700	1103	1115	availability	T169	C0470187
27760700	1129	1137	patients	T101	C0030705
27760700	1143	1156	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27760700	1165	1173	controls	T096	C0009932
27760700	1179	1182	ROI	T082	C0807727
27760700	1189	1194	voxel	T077	C2700259
27760700	1202	1210	analyses	T062	C0936012
27760700	1229	1239	[(18)F]FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27760700	1240	1251	SUVR values	T081	C3897504
27760700	1280	1288	patients	T101	C0030705
27760700	1297	1305	controls	T096	C0009932
27760700	1313	1341	right superior frontal gyrus	T023	C2338731
27760700	1346	1357	medial part	T082	C0442056
27760700	1365	1392	left superior frontal gyrus	T023	C2334005
27760700	1408	1421	interregional	T029	C0005898
27760700	1422	1434	correlations	T080	C1707520
27760700	1438	1449	[(11)C]DASB	T109	C1570551
27760700	1450	1454	BPND	T067	C2986841
27760700	1460	1470	[(18)F]FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
27760700	1471	1475	SUVR	T081	C3897504
27760700	1493	1501	positive	T033	C1514241
27760700	1502	1514	correlations	T080	C1707520
27760700	1526	1539	brain regions	T029	C1273723
27760700	1557	1573	control subjects	T096	C0009932
27760700	1582	1590	patients	T101	C0030705
27760700	1596	1609	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27760700	1624	1632	patients	T101	C0030705
27760700	1637	1653	control subjects	T096	C0009932
27760700	1702	1714	correlations	T080	C1707520
27760700	1727	1731	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
27760700	1732	1744	availability	T169	C0470187
27760700	1752	1760	parietal	T023	C0030560
27760700	1765	1782	temporal cortices	T023	C0039485
27760700	1791	1809	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27760700	1817	1843	posterior cingulate cortex	T023	C0175191
27760700	1867	1875	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27760700	1876	1899	functional connectivity	T169	C1707489
27760700	1912	1941	higher-order cortical regions	T029	C0458324
27760700	1945	1958	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27760700	1984	1988	role	T077	C1705810
27760700	1996	2021	posterior cingulate gyrus	T023	C0175191
27760700	2038	2047	circuitry	UnknownType	C0260041
27760700	2055	2070	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27760700	2074	2087	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341

27760732|t|Maternal vascular responses to hypoxia in a rat model of intrauterine growth restriction
27760732|a|Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a common pregnancy complication and is a leading cause of fetal morbidity and mortality. Placental hypoxia contributes to adverse fetal consequences, such as IUGR. Exposing pregnant rats to hypoxia can lead to IUGR; however, assessment of maternal vascular function in a rat model of hypoxia, and the mechanisms that may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, has not been extensively studied. We hypothesized that exposing pregnant rats to hypoxia will affect maternal systemic vascular function and increase the uterine artery resistance index (RI), which will be associated with IUGR. To test this hypothesis, pregnant rats were kept in normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (11% O2) from gestational day (GD) 6 to 20 Maternal blood pressure, uteroplacental resistance index (RI) (ultrasound biomicroscopy), and vascular function (wire myography) were assessed in uterine and mesenteric arteries. Fetal weight was significantly reduced (P < 0.001), while maternal blood pressure was increased (P < 0.05) in rats exposed to hypoxia. Maternal vascular function was also affected after exposure to hypoxia, including impaired endothelium -dependent vasodilation responses to methacholine in isolated uterine arteries (pEC50 normoxia: 6.55 ± 0.23 vs. hypoxia: 5.02 ± 0.35, P < 0.01) and a reduced uterine artery RI in vivo (normoxia: 0.63 ± 0.04 vs. hypoxia: 0.53 ± 0.01, P < 0.05); associated with an increase in umbilical vein RI (normoxia: 0.35 ± 0.02 vs. hypoxia: 0.45 ± 0.04, P < 0.05). These data demonstrate maternal and fetal alterations in vascular function due to prenatal exposure to hypoxia. Further, although there was a compensatory reduction in uterine artery RI in the hypoxia groups, this was not sufficient to prevent IUGR.
27760732	0	8	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27760732	9	17	vascular	T023	C0005847
27760732	18	27	responses	T032	C0871261
27760732	31	38	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	44	47	rat	T015	C0034693
27760732	48	53	model	T008	C0599779
27760732	57	88	intrauterine growth restriction	T046	C0015934
27760732	89	120	Intrauterine growth restriction	T046	C0015934
27760732	122	126	IUGR	T046	C0015934
27760732	140	162	pregnancy complication	T047	C0032962
27760732	189	204	fetal morbidity	T081	C0026538
27760732	209	218	mortality	T081	C1449632
27760732	220	229	Placental	T018	C0032043
27760732	230	237	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	253	260	adverse	T046	C0879626
27760732	261	279	fetal consequences	T039	C0743925
27760732	289	293	IUGR	T046	C0015934
27760732	304	312	pregnant	T169	C0553641
27760732	313	317	rats	T015	C0034693
27760732	321	328	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	341	345	IUGR	T046	C0015934
27760732	356	366	assessment	T058	C0220825
27760732	370	378	maternal	T033	C1858460
27760732	379	396	vascular function	T201	C0232337
27760732	402	405	rat	T015	C0034693
27760732	406	411	model	T008	C0599779
27760732	415	422	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	432	442	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27760732	466	473	adverse	T046	C0879626
27760732	474	492	pregnancy outcomes	T033	C0032972
27760732	558	566	pregnant	T169	C0553641
27760732	567	571	rats	T015	C0034693
27760732	575	582	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	595	603	maternal	T033	C1858460
27760732	613	630	vascular function	T201	C0232337
27760732	635	643	increase	T169	C0442805
27760732	648	662	uterine artery	T023	C0226378
27760732	663	679	resistance index	T033	C0807745
27760732	681	683	RI	T033	C0807745
27760732	700	715	associated with	T080	C0332281
27760732	716	720	IUGR	T046	C0015934
27760732	735	745	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27760732	747	755	pregnant	T169	C0553641
27760732	756	760	rats	T015	C0034693
27760732	774	782	normoxia	T033	C0580516
27760732	788	790	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27760732	795	802	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	808	810	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27760732	817	832	gestational day	T032	C0017504
27760732	834	836	GD	T032	C0017504
27760732	846	854	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27760732	855	869	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27760732	871	885	uteroplacental	T042	C0242622
27760732	886	902	resistance index	T033	C0807745
27760732	904	906	RI	T033	C0807745
27760732	909	933	ultrasound biomicroscopy	T060	C1301497
27760732	940	957	vascular function	T201	C0232337
27760732	959	973	wire myography	T060	C0027081
27760732	992	999	uterine	T023	C0042149
27760732	1004	1023	mesenteric arteries	T023	C0025465
27760732	1025	1037	Fetal weight	T032	C0751992
27760732	1056	1063	reduced	T080	C0392756
27760732	1083	1091	maternal	T033	C1858460
27760732	1092	1106	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27760732	1111	1120	increased	T081	C0205217
27760732	1135	1139	rats	T015	C0034693
27760732	1140	1150	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27760732	1151	1158	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	1160	1168	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27760732	1169	1186	vascular function	T201	C0232337
27760732	1211	1222	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27760732	1223	1230	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	1242	1250	impaired	T169	C0221099
27760732	1251	1262	endothelium	T024	C0014257
27760732	1274	1286	vasodilation	T042	C0042401
27760732	1287	1296	responses	T032	C0871261
27760732	1300	1312	methacholine	T109,T121	C0600370
27760732	1316	1324	isolated	T169	C0205409
27760732	1325	1341	uterine arteries	T023	C0226378
27760732	1349	1357	normoxia	T033	C0580516
27760732	1375	1382	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	1413	1420	reduced	T080	C0392756
27760732	1421	1435	uterine artery	T023	C0226378
27760732	1436	1438	RI	T033	C0807745
27760732	1439	1446	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27760732	1448	1456	normoxia	T033	C0580516
27760732	1474	1481	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	1507	1522	associated with	T080	C0332281
27760732	1526	1534	increase	T169	C0442805
27760732	1538	1552	umbilical vein	T018	C0041637
27760732	1553	1555	RI	T033	C0807745
27760732	1557	1565	normoxia	T033	C0580516
27760732	1583	1590	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	1622	1626	data	T078	C1511726
27760732	1639	1647	maternal	T033	C1858460
27760732	1652	1669	fetal alterations	T040	C1372034
27760732	1673	1690	vascular function	T201	C0232337
27760732	1698	1715	prenatal exposure	T033	C0871124
27760732	1719	1726	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	1771	1780	reduction	T080	C0392756
27760732	1784	1798	uterine artery	T023	C0226378
27760732	1799	1801	RI	T033	C0807745
27760732	1809	1816	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27760732	1817	1823	groups	T078	C0441833
27760732	1860	1864	IUGR	T046	C0015934

27760981|t|Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome: rare and triggering
27760981|a|Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the least common type of TOS. Patient's symptoms, clinical examination and duplex ultrasonography usually suffice in deciding patient's management. Our proposed treatment strategies are based on the Scher classification. The choice of the procedure and approach should depend on surgeon's experience and need for arterial reconstruction.
27760981	0	33	Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome	T047	C1956395
27760981	35	39	rare	T080	C0522498
27760981	55	88	Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome	T047	C1956395
27760981	90	93	TOS	T047	C1956395
27760981	123	126	TOS	T047	C0039984
27760981	128	137	Patient's	T101	C0030705
27760981	138	146	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27760981	148	168	clinical examination	T033	C1456356
27760981	173	195	duplex ultrasonography	T060	C3825392
27760981	224	244	patient's management	T058	C1610129
27760981	259	279	treatment strategies	T061	C0087111
27760981	297	317	Scher classification	T185	C0008902
27760981	323	329	choice	T052	C1707391
27760981	337	346	procedure	T061	C0237403
27760981	377	386	surgeon's	T097	C0582175
27760981	387	397	experience	T041	C0237607
27760981	411	434	arterial reconstruction	T061	C2937236

27761076|t|Elicitation of Phenolics from the Micropropagated Endangered Medicinal Plant Calligonum polygonoides L. (Polygonoaceae)
27761076|a|Calligonum polygonoides L. subsp. comosum (L'Hér.) Sosk. is a plant species belonging to family Polygonaceae. Susceptibility to threaten, presence of various chemical constituents, and many medicinal effects reported for this plant in addition to rareness of in vitro culture studies have fuelled the need for its micropropagation and phytochemical investigations of the produced cultures. To employ in vitro culture technique for ex situ conservation of C. polygonoides, using the fruit as an explant; establish callus and cell suspension cultures from in vitro germinated plantlets; investigate the production of phenolics through callus, redifferentiated shoot, and cell suspension cultures; attempt to enhance cell capacity to accumulate phenolics using salicylic acid and yeast extract and provide a brief demonstration of biosynthetic pathway leading to phenolic production. Modified Murashige and Skoog media supplemented with growth hormones such as kinetin, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, and indole-3-acetic acid were used to establish callus, redifferentiated shoots, and cell suspension cultures. Elicitation of cell suspension culture was performed using salicylic acid and yeast extracts. A reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for determination of phenolic content in the aforementioned cultures was developed. The unorganized callus and cell suspension cultures contained fewer amounts of phenolic compounds than redifferentiated shoots. Elicitation produced massive quantitative reprogramming of phenolic content. The present study offers an alternative and renewable source for this valuable natural plant, provide a chance to improve secondary metabolite yield and serve as a useful tool for studying the biosynthesis of these compounds and its regulation in plant cells. In vitro culture techniques provided a strategy for ex situ conservation of the endangered C. polygonoides .Unorganized callus and cell suspension cultures accumulated less phenolic content than re-differentiated shoots. Elicitation produced massive quantitative reprogramming of phenolic content. Phenolic biosynthesis was discussed briefly. Abbreviation used: H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide, Kin: Kinetin, NAA: Naphthaleneacetic acid, BAP: 6-benzylaminopurine, IAA: Indole-3-acetic acid, HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography.
27761076	0	11	Elicitation	T059	C0684295
27761076	15	24	Phenolics	T109,T121	C0359916
27761076	34	49	Micropropagated	T059	C1446951
27761076	50	60	Endangered	T098	C2717882
27761076	61	76	Medicinal Plant	T002	C0032100
27761076	77	102	Calligonum polygonoides L	T002	C2999495
27761076	105	118	Polygonoaceae	T002	C0524882
27761076	120	145	Calligonum polygonoides L	T002	C2999495
27761076	154	161	comosum	T002	C2999494
27761076	182	187	plant	T002	C0032098
27761076	188	195	species	T185	C1705920
27761076	209	215	family	T077	C1704727
27761076	216	228	Polygonaceae	T002	C0524882
27761076	230	244	Susceptibility	T169	C1264642
27761076	278	286	chemical	T103	C0220806
27761076	287	299	constituents	T167	C0729650
27761076	310	327	medicinal effects	T169	C0728866
27761076	346	351	plant	T002	C0032098
27761076	379	387	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27761076	388	403	culture studies	T059	C1449619
27761076	434	450	micropropagation	T059	C1446951
27761076	455	468	phytochemical	T109,T123	C0577749
27761076	469	483	investigations	T169	C1292732
27761076	500	508	cultures	T059	C0430400
27761076	520	528	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27761076	529	546	culture technique	T059	C1449619
27761076	551	571	ex situ conservation	T059	C0033085
27761076	575	590	C. polygonoides	T002	C2999495
27761076	602	607	fruit	T168	C0016767
27761076	614	621	explant	T025	C1514137
27761076	633	639	callus	T002	C2700394
27761076	644	668	cell suspension cultures	T059	C0007585
27761076	674	682	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27761076	683	693	germinated	T038	C0242735
27761076	694	703	plantlets	T002	C0032098
27761076	705	716	investigate	T169	C1292732
27761076	721	731	production	T052	C1883254
27761076	735	744	phenolics	T109,T121	C0359916
27761076	753	759	callus	T002	C2700394
27761076	761	777	redifferentiated	T043	C0007589
27761076	778	783	shoot	T002	C2700376
27761076	789	813	cell suspension cultures	T059	C0007585
27761076	834	838	cell	T025	C0007634
27761076	839	847	capacity	T081	C1516240
27761076	851	861	accumulate	T033	C4055506
27761076	862	871	phenolics	T109,T121	C0359916
27761076	878	892	salicylic acid	T109,T121	C0036079
27761076	897	910	yeast extract	T109,T121	C0873195
27761076	948	968	biosynthetic pathway	T044	C1721101
27761076	980	988	phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
27761076	989	999	production	T052	C1883254
27761076	1001	1009	Modified	T169	C0392747
27761076	1010	1019	Murashige	T130	C0010454
27761076	1024	1035	Skoog media	T130	C0010454
27761076	1036	1048	supplemented	T169	C2348609
27761076	1054	1069	growth hormones	T116,T121,T125	C0037663
27761076	1078	1085	kinetin	T114,T121	C0049579
27761076	1087	1111	1-naphthaleneacetic acid	T109	C0044494
27761076	1113	1132	6-benzylaminopurine	T109	C1433730
27761076	1138	1158	indole-3-acetic acid	T109,T125	C0936060
27761076	1182	1188	callus	T002	C2700394
27761076	1190	1206	redifferentiated	T043	C0007589
27761076	1207	1213	shoots	T002	C2700376
27761076	1219	1243	cell suspension cultures	T059	C0007585
27761076	1245	1256	Elicitation	T059	C0684295
27761076	1260	1283	cell suspension culture	T059	C0007585
27761076	1304	1318	salicylic acid	T109,T121	C0036079
27761076	1323	1337	yeast extracts	T109,T121	C0873195
27761076	1341	1394	reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562
27761076	1406	1419	determination	T059	C1148554
27761076	1423	1431	phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
27761076	1447	1470	aforementioned cultures	T059	C0430400
27761076	1502	1508	callus	T002	C2700394
27761076	1513	1537	cell suspension cultures	T059	C0007585
27761076	1565	1583	phenolic compounds	T109,T121	C0359916
27761076	1589	1605	redifferentiated	T043	C0007589
27761076	1606	1612	shoots	T002	C2700376
27761076	1614	1625	Elicitation	T059	C0684295
27761076	1643	1655	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27761076	1673	1681	phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
27761076	1703	1708	study	T062	C2603343
27761076	1719	1730	alternative	T077	C1523987
27761076	1770	1777	natural	T169	C0205296
27761076	1778	1783	plant	T002	C0032098
27761076	1813	1833	secondary metabolite	T123	C0870883
27761076	1871	1879	studying	T062	C2603343
27761076	1884	1896	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27761076	1906	1915	compounds	T103	C1706082
27761076	1924	1934	regulation	T038	C1327622
27761076	1938	1943	plant	T002	C0032098
27761076	1944	1949	cells	T025	C0007634
27761076	1951	1959	In vitro	T080	C1533691
27761076	1960	1978	culture techniques	T059	C1449619
27761076	2003	2023	ex situ conservation	T059	C0033085
27761076	2031	2041	endangered	T098	C2717882
27761076	2042	2057	C. polygonoides	T002	C2999495
27761076	2071	2077	callus	T002	C2700394
27761076	2082	2106	cell suspension cultures	T059	C0007585
27761076	2107	2118	accumulated	T033	C4055506
27761076	2124	2132	phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
27761076	2146	2163	re-differentiated	T043	C0007589
27761076	2164	2170	shoots	T002	C2700376
27761076	2172	2183	Elicitation	T059	C0684295
27761076	2201	2213	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27761076	2231	2239	phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
27761076	2249	2257	Phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
27761076	2258	2270	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27761076	2313	2317	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27761076	2319	2336	Hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27761076	2338	2341	Kin	T114,T121	C0049579
27761076	2343	2350	Kinetin	T114,T121	C0049579
27761076	2352	2355	NAA	T109	C0027377
27761076	2357	2379	Naphthaleneacetic acid	T109	C0027377
27761076	2381	2384	BAP	T109	C1433730
27761076	2386	2405	6-benzylaminopurine	T109	C1433730
27761076	2407	2410	IAA	T109,T125	C0936060
27761076	2412	2432	Indole-3-acetic acid	T109,T125	C0936060
27761076	2434	2438	HPLC	T059	C0008562
27761076	2440	2478	High-performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562

27761213|t|Alanine to Serine Variant at Position 986 of Calcium Sensing Receptor and Colorectal Cancer Risk
27761213|a|With regard to the effect of calcium against colorectal cancer (CRC) and considering the key role of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) in calcium homeostasis, this study investigated whether CaSR gene rs1801725 or A986S variant was associated with susceptibility to CRC risk. This study was conducted as a case-control study and 303 cases with CRC and 354 controls were enrolled. All 657 subjects were genotyped for CaSR gene A986S variant using PCR - RFLP method. No significant difference was observed for the A986S variant of CaSR gene in either genotype or allele frequencies between the cases and the controls and this lack of difference remained non-significant even after adjustment for age, BMI, sex, smoking status, and family history of CRC. No evidence for the effect modification of the association A986S variant and CRC by BMI, sex, or tumor site was also observed. Furthermore, the risk of obesity in relation to the A986S variant in the controls and the cases was separately analyzed and we observed no significant difference between normal weight (BMI < 25kg/m(2)) and overweight / obese (BMI ≥ 25kg/m(2)) subjects. Our findings do not support a role for effect of the CaSR gene A986S variant on CRC risk; nevertheless, this finding requires confirmation and the role of the gene variant in carcinogenesis needs to be further investigated.
27761213	0	7	Alanine	T116,T123	C0001898
27761213	11	17	Serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27761213	18	25	Variant	T080	C0205419
27761213	45	69	Calcium Sensing Receptor	T116,T192	C0249742
27761213	74	91	Colorectal Cancer	T191	C1527249
27761213	92	96	Risk	T078	C0035647
27761213	116	122	effect	T080	C1280500
27761213	126	133	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27761213	142	159	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27761213	161	164	CRC	T191	C1527249
27761213	190	194	role	T077	C1705810
27761213	198	222	calcium sensing receptor	T116,T192	C0249742
27761213	224	228	CaSR	T116,T192	C0249742
27761213	233	252	calcium homeostasis	T121	C3653518
27761213	265	277	investigated	T169	C1292732
27761213	286	295	CaSR gene	T028	C1413136
27761213	296	305	rs1801725	T028	C0678941
27761213	309	322	A986S variant	T028	C0678941
27761213	327	342	associated with	T080	C0332281
27761213	343	357	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
27761213	361	364	CRC	T191	C1527249
27761213	365	369	risk	T078	C0035647
27761213	401	419	case-control study	T062	C0007328
27761213	428	433	cases	T169	C0868928
27761213	439	442	CRC	T191	C1527249
27761213	451	459	controls	T096	C0009932
27761213	483	491	subjects	T096	C0681850
27761213	497	506	genotyped	T032	C0017431
27761213	511	520	CaSR gene	T028	C1413136
27761213	521	534	A986S variant	T028	C0678941
27761213	541	544	PCR	T063	C0032520
27761213	547	558	RFLP method	T059	C3714764
27761213	560	574	No significant	T033	C1273937
27761213	575	585	difference	T080	C1705242
27761213	590	598	observed	T169	C1441672
27761213	607	620	A986S variant	T028	C0678941
27761213	624	633	CaSR gene	T028	C1413136
27761213	644	652	genotype	T032	C0017431
27761213	656	674	allele frequencies	T081	C0017270
27761213	687	692	cases	T169	C0868928
27761213	701	709	controls	T096	C0009932
27761213	719	723	lack	T080	C0332268
27761213	727	737	difference	T080	C1705242
27761213	774	784	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27761213	789	792	age	T032	C0001779
27761213	794	797	BMI	T201	C1305855
27761213	799	802	sex	T032	C1522384
27761213	804	818	smoking status	T201	C1519386
27761213	824	838	family history	T033	C0241889
27761213	842	845	CRC	T191	C1527249
27761213	847	858	No evidence	T080	C0332125
27761213	867	873	effect	T080	C1280500
27761213	874	886	modification	T033	C3840684
27761213	894	905	association	T080	C0439849
27761213	906	919	A986S variant	T028	C0678941
27761213	924	927	CRC	T191	C1527249
27761213	931	934	BMI	T201	C1305855
27761213	936	939	sex	T032	C1522384
27761213	944	954	tumor site	T082	C0475445
27761213	964	972	observed	T169	C1441672
27761213	991	995	risk	T078	C0035647
27761213	999	1006	obesity	T047	C0028754
27761213	1010	1018	relation	T080	C0439849
27761213	1026	1039	A986S variant	T028	C0678941
27761213	1047	1055	controls	T096	C0009932
27761213	1064	1069	cases	T169	C0868928
27761213	1085	1093	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27761213	1110	1135	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
27761213	1144	1157	normal weight	T033	C2712185
27761213	1159	1162	BMI	T201	C1305855
27761213	1180	1190	overweight	T184	C0497406
27761213	1193	1198	obese	T047	C0028754
27761213	1200	1203	BMI	T201	C1305855
27761213	1217	1225	subjects	T096	C0681850
27761213	1231	1239	findings	T033	C0243095
27761213	1266	1272	effect	T080	C1280500
27761213	1280	1289	CaSR gene	T028	C1413136
27761213	1290	1303	A986S variant	T028	C0678941
27761213	1307	1310	CRC	T191	C1527249
27761213	1311	1315	risk	T078	C0035647
27761213	1336	1343	finding	T033	C0243095
27761213	1353	1365	confirmation	T033	C0750484
27761213	1374	1378	role	T077	C1705810
27761213	1386	1398	gene variant	T028	C0678941
27761213	1402	1416	carcinogenesis	T191	C0596263
27761213	1437	1449	investigated	T169	C1292732

27761669|t|Relationship between metal and pigment concentrations in the Fe - hyperaccumulator moss Scopelophila ligulata
27761669|a|Scopelophila ligulata is known to be a Fe - hyperaccumulator moss; however, its mechanism of accumulation and the effects of Fe on pigments remain unclear. To clarify the effects, we measured its metal and pigment concentrations. The Fe concentration in S. ligulata was 10-61 times higher than that in normal mosses, confirming that the moss is a Fe - hyperaccumulator. The black samples of S. ligulata had the highest Fe concentration (2.9 wt%) and the second in the order of decreasing Fe concentration (2.2 wt%), which explains their color and indicates that the excess amount of Fe is distributed through the plant body. Moreover, we observed that the concentration of Ca is negatively correlated with the concentrations of pigments and, conversely, that the concentration of K is positively correlated with the concentrations of pigments. This inverse relationship between Ca and K can be explained by the reduced uptake of K in S. ligulata in response to Ca stress, which is supported by the fact that the concentration of Ca is negatively correlated with that of K. These findings provide a better understanding of the relationships between metals and pigments in the Fe - hyperaccumulator moss S. ligulata.
27761669	0	12	Relationship	T080	C0439849
27761669	21	26	metal	T197	C0025552
27761669	31	38	pigment	T120	C0031916
27761669	39	53	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27761669	61	63	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27761669	66	87	hyperaccumulator moss	T002	C0282635
27761669	88	109	Scopelophila ligulata	T002	C3066724
27761669	110	131	Scopelophila ligulata	T002	C3066724
27761669	149	151	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27761669	154	175	hyperaccumulator moss	T002	C0282635
27761669	190	199	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27761669	203	215	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27761669	224	234	effects of	T080	C1704420
27761669	235	237	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27761669	241	249	pigments	T120	C0031916
27761669	257	264	unclear	T033	C3845108
27761669	269	276	clarify	T052	C2986669
27761669	293	301	measured	T080	C0444706
27761669	306	311	metal	T197	C0025552
27761669	316	323	pigment	T120	C0031916
27761669	324	338	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27761669	344	346	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27761669	347	360	concentration	T081	C1446561
27761669	364	375	S. ligulata	T002	C3066724
27761669	392	398	higher	T080	C0205250
27761669	419	425	mosses	T002	C0282635
27761669	447	451	moss	T002	C0282635
27761669	457	459	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27761669	462	478	hyperaccumulator	T002	C0032098
27761669	490	497	samples	T077	C2347026
27761669	501	512	S. ligulata	T002	C3066724
27761669	521	528	highest	T080	C0205250
27761669	529	531	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27761669	532	545	concentration	T081	C1446561
27761669	587	597	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27761669	598	600	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27761669	601	614	concentration	T081	C1446561
27761669	647	652	color	T080	C0009393
27761669	676	682	excess	T080	C1979886
27761669	683	689	amount	T081	C1265611
27761669	693	695	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27761669	699	710	distributed	T169	C1704711
27761669	723	733	plant body	T002	C0032098
27761669	748	756	observed	T169	C1441672
27761669	766	779	concentration	T081	C1446561
27761669	783	785	Ca	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27761669	789	799	negatively	T033	C1513916
27761669	800	810	correlated	T080	C1707520
27761669	820	834	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27761669	838	846	pigments	T120	C0031916
27761669	873	886	concentration	T081	C1446561
27761669	890	891	K	T123,T196	C0032821
27761669	895	905	positively	T033	C1514241
27761669	906	916	correlated	T080	C1707520
27761669	926	940	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27761669	944	952	pigments	T120	C0031916
27761669	967	979	relationship	T080	C0439849
27761669	988	990	Ca	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27761669	995	996	K	T123,T196	C0032821
27761669	1021	1028	reduced	T080	C0392756
27761669	1029	1035	uptake	T039	C0243144
27761669	1039	1040	K	T123,T196	C0032821
27761669	1044	1055	S. ligulata	T002	C3066724
27761669	1071	1073	Ca	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27761669	1074	1080	stress	T033	C0038435
27761669	1122	1135	concentration	T081	C1446561
27761669	1139	1141	Ca	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27761669	1145	1155	negatively	T033	C1513916
27761669	1156	1166	correlated	T080	C1707520
27761669	1180	1181	K	T123,T196	C0032821
27761669	1189	1197	findings	T169	C2607943
27761669	1215	1228	understanding	T041	C0162340
27761669	1236	1249	relationships	T080	C0439849
27761669	1258	1264	metals	T197	C0025552
27761669	1269	1277	pigments	T120	C0031916
27761669	1285	1287	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27761669	1290	1311	hyperaccumulator moss	T002	C0282635
27761669	1312	1323	S. ligulata	T002	C3066724

27761762|t|Sarcoid-like reaction in a patient with uveitis and underlying cancer
27761762|a|Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. Occasionally, triggering causes are identified, such as neoplasms, and they are termed sarcoid-like reactions, which may appear in any sarcoidotic target tissue. Choroidal metastases appear as part of widespread metastatic disease or as the first suggestion of neoplastic disease. They can also be a part of the differential diagnosis of a spectrum of inflammatory eye diseases. We present a case in which a lung carcinoma, pulmonary and eye sarcoid-like reactions, and choroidal metastasis take place in the same patient. A 60- year-old male with a past history of pulmonary sarcoidosis and associated anterior uveitis was diagnosed with a lung carcinoma with no regional lymph nodes extension, so that the resection surgery was performed without additional systemic treatment. At the same time, he complained of visual acuity loss and pain in his right eye. An intense ocular inflammatory reaction and a choroidal mass compatible with metastasis were identified. A vitrectomy with an accompanied histological exam of the lesion was deemed inconclusive. Ocular symptoms progressively worsened showing mass growth, and as a result, an enucleation was performed and the histological study subsequently revealed metastasis from his lung carcinoma. Sarcoid-like reactions may be due to incipient malignancies. Any diagnosis of sarcoidosis requires ruling out other diseases that can produce secondary sarcoid-like reactions. In addition, any choroidal mass suggestive of metastasis requires exclusion of metastatic disease even in the absence of clinical signs indicating tumor extension.
27761762	0	21	Sarcoid-like reaction	T047	C0036202
27761762	27	34	patient	T101	C0030705
27761762	40	47	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27761762	63	69	cancer	T191	C0006826
27761762	70	81	Sarcoidosis	T047	C0036202
27761762	87	108	granulomatous disease	T047	C0740451
27761762	112	128	unknown etiology	T033	C0743626
27761762	166	176	identified	T080	C0205396
27761762	186	195	neoplasms	T191	C0027651
27761762	217	239	sarcoid-like reactions	T047	C0036202
27761762	265	276	sarcoidotic	T047	C0036202
27761762	277	283	target	T169	C1521840
27761762	284	290	tissue	T024	C0040300
27761762	292	301	Choroidal	T023	C0008520
27761762	302	312	metastases	T191	C0027627
27761762	331	341	widespread	T082	C0205391
27761762	342	360	metastatic disease	T191	C0027627
27761762	391	409	neoplastic disease	T191	C1882062
27761762	430	434	part	T082	C0449719
27761762	442	464	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27761762	470	478	spectrum	T077	C2827424
27761762	482	507	inflammatory eye diseases	T047	C0014236
27761762	522	526	case	T101	C0030705
27761762	538	552	lung carcinoma	T191	C0684249
27761762	554	563	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27761762	568	571	eye	T023	C0015392
27761762	572	594	sarcoid-like reactions	T047	C0036202
27761762	600	609	choroidal	T023	C0008520
27761762	610	620	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27761762	639	651	same patient	T101	C0030705
27761762	659	667	year-old	T079	C0439234
27761762	668	672	male	T032	C0086582
27761762	680	695	past history of	T033	C0332119
27761762	696	717	pulmonary sarcoidosis	T047	C0036205
27761762	722	732	associated	T080	C0332281
27761762	733	749	anterior uveitis	T047	C0042165
27761762	754	763	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27761762	771	785	lung carcinoma	T191	C0684249
27761762	791	793	no	T033	C1513916
27761762	794	824	regional lymph nodes extension	T033	C3846418
27761762	838	855	resection surgery	T061	C0728940
27761762	860	869	performed	T169	C0884358
27761762	889	897	systemic	T169	C0205373
27761762	898	907	treatment	T061	C0087111
27761762	944	962	visual acuity loss	T033	C0234632
27761762	967	988	pain in his right eye	T184	C2201627
27761762	993	1000	intense	T080	C0522510
27761762	1001	1007	ocular	T023	C0015392
27761762	1008	1029	inflammatory reaction	T046	C0021368
27761762	1036	1050	choroidal mass	T033	C2074291
27761762	1051	1061	compatible	T080	C1524057
27761762	1067	1077	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27761762	1083	1093	identified	T080	C0205396
27761762	1097	1107	vitrectomy	T061	C0042903
27761762	1128	1140	histological	T169	C0205462
27761762	1141	1145	exam	T169	C4284036
27761762	1153	1159	lesion	T033	C0221198
27761762	1171	1183	inconclusive	T080	C1629507
27761762	1185	1191	Ocular	T040	C0042789
27761762	1192	1200	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27761762	1215	1223	worsened	T033	C1457868
27761762	1254	1260	result	T169	C1274040
27761762	1265	1276	enucleation	T061	C0014392
27761762	1281	1290	performed	T169	C0884358
27761762	1299	1311	histological	T169	C0205462
27761762	1312	1317	study	T062	C2603343
27761762	1340	1350	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27761762	1360	1374	lung carcinoma	T191	C0684249
27761762	1376	1398	Sarcoid-like reactions	T047	C0036202
27761762	1413	1422	incipient	T079	C0205256
27761762	1423	1435	malignancies	T191	C4282132
27761762	1441	1450	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27761762	1454	1465	sarcoidosis	T047	C0036202
27761762	1486	1500	other diseases	T047	C0012634
27761762	1518	1550	secondary sarcoid-like reactions	T047	C0036202
27761762	1569	1583	choroidal mass	T033	C2074291
27761762	1598	1608	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27761762	1618	1627	exclusion	T052	C2828389
27761762	1631	1649	metastatic disease	T191	C0027627
27761762	1662	1669	absence	T169	C0332197
27761762	1673	1687	clinical signs	T184	C0037088
27761762	1699	1704	tumor	T191	C0027651
27761762	1705	1714	extension	T169	C0231448

27761899|t|Self-preserving personal care products
27761899|a|As questions on the safety of some popular preservatives are on the rise, there is a growing interest in developing ' self-preserving ' personal care products. Use of multifunctional ingredients / actives with antimicrobial properties has been explored as replacements for conventional preservatives. This study explores the use of combinations of multifunctional actives (MFA) and other cosmetic ingredients in various personal care formulations, to deliver microbiologically safe self-preserving products. Products studied in this study include face wash, gel-based leave-on skin care product and face mask. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of several cosmetic ingredients was determined to identify multifunctional actives with antimicrobial activity. Personal care formulations made with multifunctional actives and other cosmetic ingredients were studied for preservative efficacy by challenging the product with six multiple cycles of microbial challenge. Formulations with combinations of multifunctional actives with antioxidant (AO) and chelators (CHL) were found to work synergistically and were highly efficacious in controlling multiple microbial challenges as observed in the preservative efficacy test (PET) studies. The effective combinations were able to withstand up to six multiple microbial challenges without product degradation. The preservative efficacy profile was similar to control formula containing preservatives. Self-preserving personal care / cosmetic products can be developed which are as efficacious as preserved products by a prudent selection of multifunctional actives, antioxidants and chelators as a part of the formulation.
27761899	0	15	Self-preserving	T169	C0728887
27761899	16	38	personal care products	T167	C4288402
27761899	59	65	safety	T068	C0036043
27761899	82	95	preservatives	T122	C0033086
27761899	157	172	self-preserving	T169	C0728887
27761899	175	197	personal care products	T167	C4288402
27761899	206	221	multifunctional	T169	C0205245
27761899	222	233	ingredients	T120	C1550600
27761899	236	243	actives	T120	C0456611
27761899	249	273	antimicrobial properties	T034	C1271650
27761899	295	307	replacements	T169	C0559956
27761899	312	324	conventional	T080	C0439858
27761899	325	338	preservatives	T122	C0033086
27761899	345	350	study	T062	C2603343
27761899	364	370	use of	T169	C1524063
27761899	371	383	combinations	T080	C0205195
27761899	387	410	multifunctional actives	T120	C0456611
27761899	412	415	MFA	T120	C0456611
27761899	421	426	other	T080	C0205394
27761899	427	447	cosmetic ingredients	T120	C0456611
27761899	451	458	various	T081	C0439064
27761899	459	485	personal care formulations	T167	C4288402
27761899	498	515	microbiologically	T170	C0025953
27761899	521	536	self-preserving	T169	C0728887
27761899	537	545	products	T167	C4288402
27761899	547	555	Products	T167	C4288402
27761899	572	577	study	T062	C2603343
27761899	586	595	face wash	T121	C1254351
27761899	597	633	gel-based leave-on skin care product	T121	C3897599
27761899	638	647	face mask	T121	C1254351
27761899	649	681	Minimum inhibitory concentration	T059	C0427978
27761899	683	686	MIC	T059	C0427978
27761899	691	698	several	T081	C0443302
27761899	699	719	cosmetic ingredients	T120	C0456611
27761899	724	734	determined	T080	C0521095
27761899	738	746	identify	T080	C0205396
27761899	747	770	multifunctional actives	T120	C0456611
27761899	776	798	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
27761899	800	826	Personal care formulations	T167	C4288402
27761899	837	860	multifunctional actives	T120	C0456611
27761899	865	870	other	T080	C0205394
27761899	871	891	cosmetic ingredients	T120	C0456611
27761899	897	904	studied	T062	C2603343
27761899	909	921	preservative	T122	C0033086
27761899	922	930	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27761899	950	957	product	T167	C4288402
27761899	963	966	six	T081	C0205452
27761899	967	975	multiple	T081	C0439064
27761899	976	982	cycles	T079	C0001289
27761899	986	995	microbial	T001	C0029235
27761899	996	1005	challenge	T058	C0805586
27761899	1007	1019	Formulations	T073	C0010164
27761899	1025	1037	combinations	T080	C0205195
27761899	1041	1064	multifunctional actives	T120	C0456611
27761899	1070	1081	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27761899	1083	1085	AO	T121	C0003402
27761899	1091	1100	chelators	T121,T130	C0007974
27761899	1102	1105	CHL	T121,T130	C0007974
27761899	1112	1117	found	T033	C0150312
27761899	1151	1157	highly	T080	C0205250
27761899	1158	1169	efficacious	T080	C0442799
27761899	1173	1184	controlling	T169	C2587213
27761899	1185	1193	multiple	T081	C0439064
27761899	1194	1203	microbial	T001	C0029235
27761899	1204	1214	challenges	T058	C0805586
27761899	1218	1226	observed	T169	C1441672
27761899	1234	1274	preservative efficacy test (PET) studies	T062	C1707887
27761899	1280	1289	effective	T080	C1704419
27761899	1290	1302	combinations	T080	C0205195
27761899	1308	1312	able	T033	C1299581
27761899	1316	1325	withstand	T033	C0596013
27761899	1332	1335	six	T081	C0205452
27761899	1336	1344	multiple	T081	C0439064
27761899	1345	1354	microbial	T001	C0029235
27761899	1355	1365	challenges	T058	C0805586
27761899	1366	1373	without	T080	C0332288
27761899	1374	1381	product	T167	C4288402
27761899	1382	1393	degradation	T169	C0243125
27761899	1399	1411	preservative	T122	C0033086
27761899	1412	1420	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27761899	1421	1428	profile	T059	C1979963
27761899	1433	1440	similar	T080	C2348205
27761899	1444	1451	control	T080	C0243148
27761899	1452	1459	formula	T170	C0282574
27761899	1471	1484	preservatives	T122	C0033086
27761899	1486	1501	Self-preserving	T169	C0728887
27761899	1502	1515	personal care	T167	C4288402
27761899	1518	1535	cosmetic products	T073	C0010164
27761899	1566	1577	efficacious	T080	C1704419
27761899	1581	1590	preserved	T169	C0728887
27761899	1591	1599	products	T167	C4288402
27761899	1613	1622	selection	T052	C1707391
27761899	1626	1649	multifunctional actives	T120	C0456611
27761899	1651	1663	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
27761899	1668	1677	chelators	T121,T130	C0007974
27761899	1683	1687	part	T082	C0449719
27761899	1695	1706	formulation	T073	C0010164

27761922|t|Urticarial exanthema due to hepatitis B in a pregnant woman, mimicking a polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
27761922|a|Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women is very rare in western countries, thus, cutaneous manifestation of HBV infection may be confused with a dermatosis specific of pregnancy. We report a 39-year-old woman who presented in her 20th week of pregnancy with a pruritic rash, which consisted of generalized erythematous plaques, some of them with a purple centre. Serology testing showed acute HBV infection, and a biopsy revealed a superficial and interstitial perivascular inflammatory infiltrate of lymphocytes and eosinophils. A diagnosis of exanthema due to acute hepatitis B infection was established. The patient delivered a clinically healthy boy, who was given the first dose of the HBV vaccine and intravenous specific immunoglobulin, followed by the second dose 2 months later, and did not get infected with HBV. To our knowledge, this is the first case describing HBV exanthema in a pregnant woman, which led to early action for the newborn, avoiding vertical transmission and its high prevalence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
27761922	0	10	Urticarial	T047	C0042109
27761922	11	20	exanthema	T184	C0015230
27761922	28	39	hepatitis B	T047	C0019163
27761922	45	59	pregnant woman	T098	C0033011
27761922	73	93	polymorphic eruption	T047	C0031736
27761922	97	106	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27761922	107	158	Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women	T047	C3854623
27761922	175	192	western countries	T083	C0017446
27761922	200	209	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27761922	210	226	manifestation of	T080	C1280464
27761922	227	240	HBV infection	T047	C0019163
27761922	264	274	dermatosis	T047	C0037274
27761922	287	296	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27761922	322	327	woman	T098	C0043210
27761922	362	371	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27761922	379	392	pruritic rash	T047	C0033771
27761922	425	445	erythematous plaques	T033	C0332477
27761922	467	480	purple centre	T033	C0243095
27761922	482	498	Serology testing	T059	C0036743
27761922	506	525	acute HBV infection	T047	C0019163
27761922	533	539	biopsy	T060	C0005558
27761922	551	562	superficial	T082	C0205124
27761922	567	616	interstitial perivascular inflammatory infiltrate	T033	C3810076
27761922	620	631	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
27761922	636	647	eosinophils	T025	C0014467
27761922	651	660	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27761922	664	673	exanthema	T184	C0015230
27761922	681	708	acute hepatitis B infection	T047	C0019163
27761922	730	737	patient	T101	C0030705
27761922	738	747	delivered	T033	C0559563
27761922	750	772	clinically healthy boy	T033	C0686744
27761922	792	802	first dose	T081	C0178602
27761922	810	821	HBV vaccine	T061	C0474232
27761922	826	861	intravenous specific immunoglobulin	T116,T121,T129	C0085297
27761922	879	890	second dose	T081	C0178602
27761922	923	931	infected	T033	C0439663
27761922	937	940	HBV	T005	C0019169
27761922	994	997	HBV	T047	C0019163
27761922	998	1007	exanthema	T184	C0015230
27761922	1013	1027	pregnant woman	T098	C0033011
27761922	1063	1070	newborn	T100	C0021289
27761922	1081	1102	vertical transmission	T046	C0242648
27761922	1130	1139	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
27761922	1144	1168	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176

27762482|t|Treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea with the fractionation of high-fluence, long-pulsed 595-nm pulsed dye laser
27762482|a|Various lasers have been used for the treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) that does not respond to systemic or topical therapy. The pulsed dye lasers (PDLs) are an effective option for ETR, and the purpuragenic fluence proved to be superior until now. Given that purpura and subsequent possible postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) are occasionally unbearable in some patients, and several studies using the low nonpurpuragenic fluence were reported. To deliver the sufficient high fluence of a PDL without generating purpura, we designed the fractionation of high fluence using five passes and longer pulse duration (6 milliseconds) of a PDL in succession. A total of eight patients with ETR were enrolled in this study; all patients were treated with PDL 10 times at 2-week intervals. Erythema and telangiectasia scores, as well as improvement, were assessed by two physicians using the digital photographs. Moderate-to-marked improvement was achieved in most of the patients, and erythema and telangiectasia scores were significantly decreased. Purpura and PIH were not reported in all patients. The fractionation of high-fluence, long-pulsed 595 nm PDL is a very safe and effective treatment for ETR.
27762482	0	9	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27762482	13	45	erythematotelangiectatic rosacea	T047	C1449852
27762482	55	68	fractionation	T061	C3161031
27762482	72	84	high-fluence	T079	C0205212
27762482	105	121	pulsed dye laser	T074	C1289859
27762482	130	136	lasers	T073	C0023089
27762482	160	169	treatment	T061	C0087111
27762482	173	205	erythematotelangiectatic rosacea	T047	C1449852
27762482	207	210	ETR	T047	C1449852
27762482	237	245	systemic	T061	C1515119
27762482	249	264	topical therapy	T061	C0150349
27762482	270	287	pulsed dye lasers	T074	C1289859
27762482	289	293	PDLs	T074	C1289859
27762482	323	326	ETR	T047	C1449852
27762482	336	348	purpuragenic	T047	C0034150
27762482	349	356	fluence	T079	C0376249
27762482	401	408	purpura	T047	C0034150
27762482	433	467	postinflammatory hyperpigmentation	T046	C0333616
27762482	469	472	PIH	T046	C0333616
27762482	510	518	patients	T101	C0030705
27762482	554	569	nonpurpuragenic	T033	C0243095
27762482	570	577	fluence	T079	C0376249
27762482	619	631	high fluence	T079	C0205212
27762482	637	640	PDL	T074	C1289859
27762482	660	667	purpura	T047	C0034150
27762482	685	698	fractionation	T061	C3161031
27762482	702	714	high fluence	T079	C0205212
27762482	781	784	PDL	T074	C1289859
27762482	817	825	patients	T101	C0030705
27762482	831	834	ETR	T047	C1449852
27762482	868	876	patients	T101	C0030705
27762482	895	898	PDL	T074	C1289859
27762482	929	937	Erythema	T047	C0041834
27762482	942	956	telangiectasia	T047	C0039446
27762482	1010	1020	physicians	T097	C0031831
27762482	1031	1050	digital photographs	T170	C3899375
27762482	1111	1119	patients	T101	C0030705
27762482	1125	1133	erythema	T047	C0041834
27762482	1138	1152	telangiectasia	T047	C0039446
27762482	1190	1197	Purpura	T047	C0034150
27762482	1202	1205	PIH	T046	C0333616
27762482	1231	1239	patients	T101	C0030705
27762482	1245	1258	fractionation	T061	C3161031
27762482	1262	1274	high-fluence	T079	C0205212
27762482	1295	1298	PDL	T074	C1289859
27762482	1328	1337	treatment	T061	C0087111
27762482	1342	1345	ETR	T047	C1449852

27763528|t|Up-Regulation of Claudin-6 in the Distal Lung Impacts Secondhand Smoke -Induced Inflammation
27763528|a|It has long been understood that increased epithelial permeability contributes to inflammation observed in many respiratory diseases. Recently, evidence has revealed that environmental exposure to noxious material such as cigarette smoke reduces tight junction barrier integrity, thus enhancing inflammatory conditions. Claudin-6 (Cldn6) is a tetraspanin transmembrane protein found within the tight junctional complex and is implicated in maintaining lung epithelial barriers. To test the hypothesis that increased Cldn6 ameliorates inflammation at the respiratory barrier, we utilized the Tet-On inducible transgenic system to conditionally over-express Clnd6 in the distal lung. Cldn6 transgenic (TG) and control mice were continuously provided doxycycline from postnatal day (PN) 30 until euthanasia date at PN90. A subset of Cldn6 TG and control mice were also subjected to daily secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) via a nose only inhalation system from PN30-90 and compared to room air (RA) controls. Animals were euthanized on PN90 and lungs were harvested for histological and molecular characterization. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was procured for the assessment of inflammatory cells and molecules. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed increased Cldn6 expression in TG vs. control animals and SHS decreased Cldn6 expression regardless of genetic up-regulation. Histological evaluations revealed no adverse pulmonary remodeling via Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) staining or any qualitative alterations in the abundance of type II pneumocytes or proximal non-ciliated epithelial cells via staining for cell specific propeptide of Surfactant Protein-C (proSP-C) or Club Cell Secretory Protein (CCSP), respectively. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR confirmed the differential expression of Cldn6 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. As a general theme, inflammation induced by SHS exposure was influenced by the availability of Cldn6. These data reveal captivating information suggesting a role for Cldn6 in lungs exposed to tobacco smoke. Further research is critically necessary in order to fully explain roles for tight junctional components such as Cldn6 and other related molecules in lungs coping with exposure.
27763528	0	13	Up-Regulation	T044	C0041904
27763528	17	26	Claudin-6	T116	C0909824
27763528	34	40	Distal	T082	C0205108
27763528	41	45	Lung	T023	C0024109
27763528	54	70	Secondhand Smoke	T037	C0375734
27763528	80	92	Inflammation	T046	C0021368
27763528	136	146	epithelial	T080	C0221908
27763528	147	159	permeability	T070	C0031164
27763528	175	187	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27763528	205	225	respiratory diseases	T047	C0035204
27763528	264	286	environmental exposure	T037	C0014412
27763528	290	306	noxious material	T131	C1254354
27763528	315	330	cigarette smoke	T131	C0239059
27763528	339	353	tight junction	T030	C0242358
27763528	354	361	barrier	T024	C0225694
27763528	362	371	integrity	T080	C1947912
27763528	388	411	inflammatory conditions	UnknownType	C0544805
27763528	413	422	Claudin-6	T116	C0909824
27763528	424	429	Cldn6	T116	C0909824
27763528	436	469	tetraspanin transmembrane protein	T116	C0021699
27763528	487	511	tight junctional complex	T030	C0229984
27763528	545	569	lung epithelial barriers	T024	C0225694
27763528	609	614	Cldn6	T116	C0909824
27763528	627	639	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27763528	647	666	respiratory barrier	T024	C0225694
27763528	701	718	transgenic system	T028	C0282641
27763528	736	748	over-express	T045	C1514559
27763528	749	754	Clnd6	T116,T123	C1570898
27763528	762	768	distal	T082	C0205108
27763528	769	773	lung	T023	C0024109
27763528	775	791	Cldn6 transgenic	T015	C0025936
27763528	793	795	TG	T015	C0025936
27763528	801	808	control	T008	C1511501
27763528	809	813	mice	T015	C0025929
27763528	841	852	doxycycline	T109,T195	C0013090
27763528	858	871	postnatal day	T079	C1254367
27763528	873	875	PN	T079	C1254367
27763528	886	896	euthanasia	T058	C1136183
27763528	905	909	PN90	T079	C1254367
27763528	923	931	Cldn6 TG	T015	C0025936
27763528	936	943	control	T008	C1511501
27763528	944	948	mice	T015	C0025929
27763528	972	977	daily	T079	C0332173
27763528	978	1002	secondhand tobacco smoke	T037	C0375734
27763528	1004	1007	SHS	T037	C0375734
27763528	1015	1019	nose	T023	C0028429
27763528	1025	1042	inhalation system	T022	C0460002
27763528	1048	1055	PN30-90	T079	C1254367
27763528	1072	1080	room air	T033	C3846005
27763528	1082	1084	RA	T033	C3846005
27763528	1096	1103	Animals	T008	C0003062
27763528	1109	1119	euthanized	T058	C1136183
27763528	1123	1127	PN90	T079	C1254367
27763528	1132	1137	lungs	T023	C0024109
27763528	1157	1169	histological	T169	C0205462
27763528	1174	1200	molecular characterization	T052	C1880022
27763528	1202	1230	Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid	T031	C0006279
27763528	1232	1236	BALF	T031	C0006279
27763528	1259	1269	assessment	T058	C0220825
27763528	1273	1291	inflammatory cells	T025	C0440752
27763528	1296	1305	molecules	T167	C0567416
27763528	1307	1326	Quantitative RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27763528	1331	1345	immunoblotting	T059	C0020985
27763528	1365	1370	Cldn6	T116,T123	C1570898
27763528	1371	1381	expression	T045	C1171362
27763528	1385	1387	TG	T015	C0025936
27763528	1392	1407	control animals	T008	C1511501
27763528	1412	1415	SHS	T037	C0375734
27763528	1426	1431	Cldn6	T116,T123	C1570898
27763528	1432	1442	expression	T045	C1171362
27763528	1465	1478	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27763528	1480	1492	Histological	T169	C0205462
27763528	1493	1504	evaluations	T058	C0220825
27763528	1525	1534	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27763528	1550	1590	Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) staining	T059	C0523207
27763528	1629	1638	abundance	T080	C2346714
27763528	1642	1661	type II pneumocytes	T025	C0225700
27763528	1665	1703	proximal non-ciliated epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27763528	1708	1716	staining	T059	C0487602
27763528	1721	1725	cell	T025	C0007634
27763528	1735	1769	propeptide of Surfactant Protein-C	T116,T123	C1454562
27763528	1771	1778	proSP-C	T116,T123	C1454562
27763528	1783	1810	Club Cell Secretory Protein	T116,T121	C1505368
27763528	1812	1816	CCSP	T116,T121	C1505368
27763528	1833	1847	Immunoblotting	T059	C0020985
27763528	1852	1859	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
27763528	1887	1897	expression	T045	C1171362
27763528	1901	1906	Cldn6	T116,T123	C1570898
27763528	1915	1941	pro-inflammatory cytokines	T129	C0021054
27763528	1942	1947	TNF-α	T116,T129	C0041368
27763528	1952	1957	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27763528	1979	1991	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27763528	2003	2006	SHS	T037	C0375734
27763528	2007	2015	exposure	T033	C0243095
27763528	2054	2059	Cldn6	T116,T123	C1570898
27763528	2125	2130	Cldn6	T116,T123	C1570898
27763528	2134	2139	lungs	T023	C0024109
27763528	2140	2147	exposed	T033	C0243095
27763528	2151	2164	tobacco smoke	T131	C0439994
27763528	2243	2270	tight junctional components	T030	C0229984
27763528	2279	2284	Cldn6	T116	C0909824
27763528	2303	2312	molecules	T167	C0567416
27763528	2316	2321	lungs	T023	C0024109
27763528	2334	2342	exposure	T033	C0243095

27764714|t|Propulsion strategy in the gait of primary school children; the effect of age and speed
27764714|a|The strategy used to generate power for forward propulsion in walking and running has recently been highlighted as a marker of gait maturation and elastic energy recycling. This study investigated ankle and hip power generation as a propulsion strategy (PS) during the late stance / early swing phases of walking and running in typically developing (TD) children (15: six to nine years; 17: nine to 13 years) using three-dimensional gait analysis. Peak ankle power generation at push-off (peakA2), peak hip power generation in early swing (peakH3) and propulsion strategy (PS) [peakA2 / (peakA2+peakH3)] were calculated to provide the relative contribution of ankle power to total propulsion. Mean PS values decreased as speed increased for comfortable walking (p<0.001), fast walking (p<0.001) and fast running (p<0.001), and less consistently during jogging (p=0.054). PS varied with age (p<0.001) only during fast walking. At any speed of fast walking, older children generated more peakA2 (p=0.001) and less peakH3 (p=0.001) than younger children. While the kinetics of running propulsion appear to be developed by age six years, the skills of fast walking appeared to require additional neuromuscular maturity. These findings support the concept that running is a skill that matures early for TD children.
27764714	0	19	Propulsion strategy	T041	C0679199
27764714	27	31	gait	T033	C0016928
27764714	35	49	primary school	T073,T092	C0033145
27764714	50	58	children	T100	C0008059
27764714	64	70	effect	T080	C1280500
27764714	74	77	age	T032	C0001779
27764714	82	87	speed	T081	C0678536
27764714	92	100	strategy	T041	C0679199
27764714	109	117	generate	T052	C3146294
27764714	118	123	power	T081	C3854080
27764714	136	146	propulsion	T040	C0026649
27764714	150	157	walking	T056	C0080331
27764714	162	169	running	T056	C0035953
27764714	205	211	marker	T201	C0005516
27764714	215	219	gait	T033	C0016928
27764714	220	230	maturation	T040	C0678723
27764714	235	249	elastic energy	T081	C1442080
27764714	250	259	recycling	T169	C0334213
27764714	266	271	study	T062	C2603343
27764714	272	284	investigated	T058	C0220825
27764714	285	290	ankle	T029	C0003086
27764714	295	298	hip	T023	C0019552
27764714	299	304	power	T081	C3854080
27764714	305	315	generation	T052	C3146294
27764714	321	340	propulsion strategy	T041	C0679199
27764714	342	344	PS	T041	C0679199
27764714	357	368	late stance	T033	C2019827
27764714	371	389	early swing phases	T033	C2039052
27764714	393	400	walking	T056	C0080331
27764714	405	412	running	T056	C0035953
27764714	416	436	typically developing	T067	C0870861
27764714	438	440	TD	T067	C0870861
27764714	442	450	children	T100	C0008059
27764714	468	473	years	T079	C0439234
27764714	490	495	years	T079	C0439234
27764714	503	520	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27764714	521	534	gait analysis	T060	C0558820
27764714	536	540	Peak	T080	C0444505
27764714	541	546	ankle	T029	C0003086
27764714	547	552	power	T081	C3854080
27764714	553	563	generation	T052	C3146294
27764714	567	575	push-off	T080	C0444505
27764714	577	583	peakA2	T080	C0444505
27764714	586	590	peak	T080	C0444505
27764714	591	594	hip	T023	C0019552
27764714	595	600	power	T081	C3854080
27764714	601	611	generation	T052	C3146294
27764714	615	626	early swing	T033	C2039052
27764714	628	634	peakH3	T080	C0444505
27764714	640	659	propulsion strategy	T041	C0679199
27764714	660	664	(PS)	T041	C0679199
27764714	666	672	peakA2	T080	C0444505
27764714	675	689	(peakA2+peakH3	T080	C0444505
27764714	697	707	calculated	T169	C0444686
27764714	748	753	ankle	T029	C0003086
27764714	754	759	power	T081	C3854080
27764714	769	779	propulsion	T040	C0026649
27764714	781	785	Mean	T081	C0444504
27764714	786	788	PS	T041	C0679199
27764714	789	795	values	T080	C0042295
27764714	796	805	decreased	T081	C0205216
27764714	809	814	speed	T081	C0678536
27764714	815	824	increased	T081	C0205217
27764714	829	848	comfortable walking	T056	C0080331
27764714	860	864	fast	T080	C0456962
27764714	865	872	walking	T056	C0080331
27764714	887	891	fast	T080	C0456962
27764714	892	899	running	T056	C0035953
27764714	940	947	jogging	T056	C0022400
27764714	959	961	PS	T041	C0679199
27764714	974	977	age	T032	C0001779
27764714	1000	1004	fast	T080	C0456962
27764714	1005	1012	walking	T056	C0080331
27764714	1021	1026	speed	T081	C0678536
27764714	1030	1034	fast	T080	C0456962
27764714	1035	1042	walking	T056	C0080331
27764714	1044	1058	older children	T100	C1455726
27764714	1059	1068	generated	T052	C3146294
27764714	1074	1080	peakA2	T080	C0444505
27764714	1100	1106	peakH3	T080	C0444505
27764714	1122	1138	younger children	T100	C0728836
27764714	1150	1158	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27764714	1162	1169	running	T056	C0035953
27764714	1170	1180	propulsion	T040	C0026649
27764714	1207	1210	age	T032	C0001779
27764714	1215	1220	years	T079	C0439234
27764714	1226	1232	skills	T055	C0678856
27764714	1236	1240	fast	T080	C0456962
27764714	1241	1248	walking	T056	C0080331
27764714	1280	1293	neuromuscular	T080	C1979768
27764714	1294	1302	maturity	UnknownType	C0678732
27764714	1310	1318	findings	T033	C0243095
27764714	1344	1351	running	T056	C0035953
27764714	1357	1362	skill	T055	C0678856
27764714	1368	1375	matures	T040	C0678723
27764714	1376	1381	early	T079	C1279919
27764714	1386	1388	TD	T067	C0870861
27764714	1389	1397	children	T100	C0008059

27764829|t|Determination of the Mutant Prevention Concentration and the Mutant Selection Window of Topical Antimicrobial Agents against Propionibacterium acnes
27764829|a|Determination of the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and the mutant selection window (MSW) of antimicrobial agents used to treat pathogenic bacteria is important in order to apply effective antimicrobial therapies. Here, we determined the MPCs of the major topical antimicrobial agents against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus which cause skin infections and compared their MSWs. Among the MPCs of nadifloxacin and clindamycin, the clindamycin MPC was determined to be the lowest against P. acnes. In contrast, the nadifloxacin MPC was the lowest against S. aureus. Calculations based on the minimum inhibitory concentrations and MPCs showed that clindamycin has the lowest MSW against both P. acnes and S. aureus. Nadifloxacin MSWs were 4-fold higher against P. acnes than against S. aureus. It is more likely for P. acnes to acquire resistance to fluoroquinolones than S. aureus. Therefore, topical application of clindamycin contributes very little to the emergence of resistant P. acnes and S. aureus strains.
27764829	21	52	Mutant Prevention Concentration	T061	C1273380
27764829	61	84	Mutant Selection Window	T081	C0001555
27764829	88	116	Topical Antimicrobial Agents	T121	C1136255
27764829	125	148	Propionibacterium acnes	T007	C0033477
27764829	170	201	mutant prevention concentration	T061	C1273380
27764829	203	206	MPC	T061	C1273380
27764829	216	239	mutant selection window	T081	C0001555
27764829	241	244	MSW	T081	C0001555
27764829	249	269	antimicrobial agents	T121	C1136254
27764829	284	294	pathogenic	T001	C0450254
27764829	295	303	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27764829	345	358	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
27764829	359	368	therapies	T061	C0087111
27764829	394	398	MPCs	T061	C1273380
27764829	412	440	topical antimicrobial agents	T121	C1136255
27764829	449	472	Propionibacterium acnes	T007	C0033477
27764829	477	498	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27764829	511	526	skin infections	T047	C0162627
27764829	546	550	MSWs	T081	C0001555
27764829	562	566	MPCs	T061	C1273380
27764829	570	582	nadifloxacin	T109,T195	C0286402
27764829	587	598	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
27764829	604	615	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
27764829	616	619	MPC	T061	C1273380
27764829	645	651	lowest	T080	C1708760
27764829	660	668	P. acnes	T007	C0033477
27764829	687	699	nadifloxacin	T109,T195	C0286402
27764829	700	703	MPC	T061	C1273380
27764829	712	718	lowest	T080	C1708760
27764829	727	736	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27764829	738	750	Calculations	T057	C1956058
27764829	764	797	minimum inhibitory concentrations	T034	C1304747
27764829	802	806	MPCs	T061	C1273380
27764829	819	830	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
27764829	839	845	lowest	T080	C1708760
27764829	846	849	MSW	T081	C0001555
27764829	863	871	P. acnes	T007	C0033477
27764829	876	885	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27764829	887	899	Nadifloxacin	T109,T195	C0286402
27764829	900	904	MSWs	T081	C0001555
27764829	917	923	higher	T080	C0205250
27764829	932	940	P. acnes	T007	C0033477
27764829	954	963	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27764829	987	995	P. acnes	T007	C0033477
27764829	1007	1017	resistance	T038	C0013203
27764829	1021	1037	fluoroquinolones	T109,T121	C0949665
27764829	1043	1052	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27764829	1065	1084	topical application	T061	C0683174
27764829	1088	1099	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
27764829	1144	1153	resistant	T038	C0013203
27764829	1154	1162	P. acnes	T007	C0033477
27764829	1167	1176	S. aureus	T007	C0038172

27764968|t|The relationship between anthropometry and body composition from computed tomography: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America Study
27764968|a|Few studies examine the relationships between anthropometry and the body composition measures they approximate, or whether they differ by sex, and no studies have examined these relationships in South Asians living in the US. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 871 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study who had BMI < 40 kg/m(2) and underwent abdominal CT scans for measurement of visceral and subcutaneous fat. Linear regression was used to model the associations between anthropometric measures and naturally log-transformed body composition measures. All measures of anthropometry, except height, were significantly associated with visceral fat and had a significant non-linear component (p < .05). The only associations for visceral fat that exhibited significant heterogeneity by sex were waist circumference (% difference in visceral fat slope: women 1.92, men 2.74, p = .007 for interaction) and waist-to-hip ratio (women 25.9, men 717.4, p < .001). Except for height, all measures of anthropometry were significantly associated with subcutaneous fat, had a significant quadratic component, and significant heterogeneity by sex (weight (kg): 2.74 for women, 4.08 for men; BMI (kg/m(2)): 10.3, 14.0; waist circumference (cm): 1.51, 3.36; hip circumference (cm): 2.53, 4.50) with p < .001 for each. In MASALA participants, the relationships of anthropometric measures with visceral and subcutaneous fat appear similar to other race / ethnic groups, but with weaker non-linearity and heterogeneity by sex. Given these results, researchers should consider separate models by sex for US South Asians when approximating subcutaneous fat or when using waist circumference to approximate visceral fat.
27764968	4	16	relationship	T080	C0439849
27764968	25	38	anthropometry	T062	C0003188
27764968	43	59	body composition	T032	C0005885
27764968	65	84	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27764968	103	118	Atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27764968	122	134	South Asians	T098	C1519427
27764968	135	141	Living	T078	C0376558
27764968	145	152	America	T083	C0002454
27764968	183	196	relationships	T080	C0439849
27764968	205	218	anthropometry	T062	C0003188
27764968	227	243	body composition	T032	C0005885
27764968	297	300	sex	T032	C1522384
27764968	337	350	relationships	T080	C0439849
27764968	354	366	South Asians	T098	C1519427
27764968	381	383	US	T083	C0041703
27764968	400	421	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27764968	429	441	participants	T098	C0679646
27764968	462	477	Atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27764968	481	493	South Asians	T098	C1519427
27764968	494	500	Living	T078	C0376558
27764968	504	511	America	T083	C0002454
27764968	512	526	(MASALA) Study	T062	C2603343
27764968	535	538	BMI	T201	C1305855
27764968	566	584	abdominal CT scans	T060	C0412620
27764968	589	600	measurement	T169	C0242485
27764968	604	612	visceral	T024	C1563740
27764968	617	633	subcutaneous fat	T024	C0222331
27764968	635	652	Linear regression	T081	C0023733
27764968	665	670	model	T170	C3161035
27764968	696	719	anthropometric measures	T170	C2598146
27764968	750	766	body composition	T032	C0005885
27764968	793	806	anthropometry	T062	C0003188
27764968	815	821	height	T032	C0005890
27764968	842	857	associated with	T080	C0332281
27764968	858	870	visceral fat	T024	C1563740
27764968	881	892	significant	T078	C0750502
27764968	951	963	visceral fat	T024	C1563740
27764968	979	990	significant	T078	C0750502
27764968	991	1004	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27764968	1008	1011	sex	T032	C1522384
27764968	1017	1036	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
27764968	1054	1066	visceral fat	T024	C1563740
27764968	1074	1079	women	T098	C0043210
27764968	1086	1089	men	T098	C0025266
27764968	1126	1144	waist-to-hip ratio	T032	C0205682
27764968	1146	1151	women	T098	C0043210
27764968	1158	1161	men	T098	C0025266
27764968	1191	1197	height	T032	C0005890
27764968	1215	1228	anthropometry	T062	C0003188
27764968	1248	1263	associated with	T080	C0332281
27764968	1264	1280	subcutaneous fat	T024	C0222331
27764968	1288	1299	significant	T078	C0750502
27764968	1325	1336	significant	T078	C0750502
27764968	1337	1350	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27764968	1354	1357	sex	T032	C1522384
27764968	1359	1365	weight	T032	C0005910
27764968	1381	1386	women	T098	C0043210
27764968	1397	1400	men	T098	C0025266
27764968	1402	1405	BMI	T201	C1305855
27764968	1429	1448	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
27764968	1467	1484	hip circumference	T201	C0562350
27764968	1537	1549	participants	T098	C0679646
27764968	1555	1568	relationships	T080	C0439849
27764968	1572	1595	anthropometric measures	T170	C2598146
27764968	1601	1609	visceral	T024	C1563740
27764968	1614	1630	subcutaneous fat	T024	C0222331
27764968	1655	1659	race	T098	C0034510
27764968	1662	1675	ethnic groups	T098	C0015031
27764968	1686	1692	weaker	T080	C1762617
27764968	1711	1724	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27764968	1728	1731	sex	T032	C1522384
27764968	1754	1765	researchers	T097	C0035173
27764968	1801	1804	sex	T032	C1522384
27764968	1812	1824	South Asians	T098	C1519427
27764968	1844	1860	subcutaneous fat	T024	C0222331
27764968	1875	1894	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
27764968	1910	1922	visceral fat	T024	C1563740

27765603|t|Different microRNA alterations contribute to diverse outcomes following EV71 and CA16 infections: Insights from high-throughput sequencing in rhesus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells
27765603|a|Enterovirus 71 (EV71) and Coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) are the predominant pathogens of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). Although these viruses exhibit genetic homology, the clinical manifestations caused by the two viruses have some discrepancies. In addition, the underlying mechanisms leading to these differences remain unclear. microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in numerous biological or pathological processes, including host responses to viral infections. Here, we focused on differences in miRNA expression patterns in rhesus monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with EV71 and CA16 at various time points using high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated that 106 known and 13 novel miRNAs exhibited significant differences, and 32 key miRNAs among them for target prediction presented opposite trends in the EV71 - and CA16 - infected samples. GO and pathway analysis of the predicted targets showed enrichment in 14 biological processes, 10 molecular functions, 8 cellular components and 104 pathways. Subsequently, regulatory networks of miRNA - transcription factors, miRNA - predicted targets, miRNA - GOs and miRNA - pathways were constructed to reveal the complex regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs during the infection phase. Ultimately, we analysed hierarchical GO categories of the predicted targets involved in immune system processes, which indicated that the innate and adaptive immunity following EV71 and CA16 infections may be remarkably distinct. In conclusion, this report is the first describing miRNA expression profiles in PBMCs with EV71 and CA16 infections using high-throughput sequencing. Our findings could provide a valuable basis for further studies on the regulatory roles of miRNAs related to the different immune responses caused by EV71 and CA16 infections.
27765603	10	18	microRNA	T028	C2825314
27765603	19	30	alterations	T078	C1515926
27765603	45	61	diverse outcomes	T169	C1274040
27765603	72	76	EV71	T047	C3853962
27765603	81	85	CA16	T129	C1440505
27765603	86	96	infections	T046	C3714514
27765603	112	138	high-throughput sequencing	T063	C2936623
27765603	142	155	rhesus monkey	T015	C0024400
27765603	156	190	peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
27765603	191	205	Enterovirus 71	T005	C2963492
27765603	207	211	EV71	T005	C2963492
27765603	217	235	Coxsackievirus A16	T129	C1440505
27765603	237	241	CA16	T129	C1440505
27765603	251	272	predominant pathogens	T001	C0450254
27765603	276	305	hand, foot, and mouth disease	T047	C0018572
27765603	307	311	HFMD	T047	C0018572
27765603	329	336	viruses	T005	C0042776
27765603	345	361	genetic homology	T045	C0314643
27765603	367	390	clinical manifestations	T080	C1280464
27765603	409	416	viruses	T005	C0042776
27765603	427	440	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
27765603	459	480	underlying mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27765603	526	535	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27765603	537	543	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27765603	569	579	biological	T038	C3714634
27765603	583	605	pathological processes	T046	C0030660
27765603	617	631	host responses	T042	C0301872
27765603	635	651	viral infections	T047	C0042769
27765603	688	693	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27765603	694	704	expression	T045	C0017262
27765603	705	713	patterns	T082	C0449774
27765603	717	730	rhesus monkey	T015	C0024400
27765603	731	765	peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
27765603	767	772	PBMCs	T025	C1321301
27765603	774	782	infected	T033	C0439663
27765603	788	792	EV71	T005	C2963492
27765603	797	801	CA16	T129	C1440505
27765603	831	857	high-throughput sequencing	T063	C2936623
27765603	893	898	known	T080	C0205309
27765603	906	911	novel	T080	C0205314
27765603	912	918	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27765603	965	971	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27765603	987	993	target	T169	C1521840
27765603	994	1004	prediction	T078	C0681842
27765603	1038	1042	EV71	T047	C3853962
27765603	1049	1053	CA16	T129	C1440505
27765603	1056	1064	infected	T033	C0439663
27765603	1074	1076	GO	T170	C1138831
27765603	1081	1097	pathway analysis	T170	C0868995
27765603	1105	1114	predicted	T078	C0681842
27765603	1115	1122	targets	T169	C1521840
27765603	1147	1167	biological processes	T038	C3714634
27765603	1172	1191	molecular functions	T044	C1148560
27765603	1195	1214	cellular components	T026	C1166607
27765603	1223	1231	pathways	T077	C1705987
27765603	1247	1266	regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
27765603	1270	1275	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27765603	1278	1299	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27765603	1301	1306	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27765603	1309	1318	predicted	T078	C0681842
27765603	1319	1326	targets	T169	C1521840
27765603	1328	1333	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27765603	1336	1339	GOs	T170	C1138831
27765603	1344	1349	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27765603	1352	1360	pathways	T077	C1705987
27765603	1392	1421	complex regulatory mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27765603	1425	1431	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27765603	1443	1458	infection phase	T047	C1321909
27765603	1475	1483	analysed	T062	C0936012
27765603	1484	1496	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
27765603	1497	1499	GO	T170	C1138831
27765603	1500	1510	categories	T170	C0683312
27765603	1518	1527	predicted	T078	C0681842
27765603	1528	1535	targets	T169	C1521840
27765603	1548	1571	immune system processes	T042	C1817756
27765603	1598	1604	innate	T032	C0020969
27765603	1609	1626	adaptive immunity	T039	C0678209
27765603	1637	1641	EV71	T047	C3853962
27765603	1646	1650	CA16	T129	C1440505
27765603	1651	1661	infections	T046	C3714514
27765603	1710	1716	report	T170	C0684224
27765603	1741	1746	miRNA	T028	C2825314
27765603	1747	1766	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
27765603	1770	1775	PBMCs	T025	C1321301
27765603	1781	1785	EV71	T047	C3853962
27765603	1790	1794	CA16	T129	C1440505
27765603	1795	1805	infections	T046	C3714514
27765603	1812	1838	high-throughput sequencing	T063	C2936623
27765603	1896	1903	studies	T062	C2603343
27765603	1931	1937	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27765603	1963	1979	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27765603	1990	1994	EV71	T047	C3853962
27765603	1999	2003	CA16	T129	C1440505
27765603	2004	2014	infections	T046	C3714514

27765612|t|Preoperative Albumin Is Predictive of Early Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality in Common Urologic Oncologic Surgeries
27765612|a|Multiple studies have linked preoperative nutrition status to postoperative outcomes. This relationship has been little studied in urology. We used a standardized, national, risk-adjusted surgical database to evaluate 30- day outcomes of patients undergoing common urologic oncologic procedures as they related to preoperative albumin. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program is a risk-adjusted dataset analyzing preoperative risk factors, demographics, and 30- day outcomes. From 2005 through 2012, we identified a total of 17,805 patients who underwent prostatectomy, nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, cystectomy, or transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Hypoalbuminemic patients were compared with those with normal preoperative albumin, and 30- day outcomes were evaluated. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios for mortality and complication rates. Evaluation of the cohort noted significantly increased overall morbidity, serious morbidity, and mortality in the hypoalbuminemic group (P < .01 for all procedures). Hypoalbuminemia was associated with a significantly higher 30- day mortality in major procedures such as cystectomy, and in smaller procedures such as TURBT (P < .01). Hypoalbuminemia was associated with a 6.4% 30- day mortality in the TURBT group compared with 0.6% in those with normal albumin (P < .0001). These findings remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors. The large sample size, standardized data definitions, and quality control measures of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database allow for in-depth analysis of subtle but significant differences in outcomes between groups. Serum albumin is a strong predictor of short-term postoperative complications in the urologic oncology patient.
27765612	0	12	Preoperative	T079	C0445204
27765612	13	20	Albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27765612	24	34	Predictive	T080	C0681890
27765612	38	43	Early	T079	C1279919
27765612	44	57	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
27765612	58	67	Morbidity	T081	C0026538
27765612	72	81	Mortality	T081	C0205848
27765612	92	120	Urologic Oncologic Surgeries	T061	C0543467
27765612	121	137	Multiple studies	T062	C2603343
27765612	150	162	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27765612	163	179	nutrition status	T033	C0392209
27765612	183	196	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27765612	197	205	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27765612	212	224	relationship	T080	C0439849
27765612	252	259	urology	T091	C0042077
27765612	271	283	standardized	T080	C1442989
27765612	295	326	risk-adjusted surgical database	T170	C0242356
27765612	343	346	day	T079	C0439228
27765612	347	355	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27765612	359	367	patients	T101	C0030705
27765612	386	415	urologic oncologic procedures	T061	C0087111
27765612	435	447	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27765612	448	455	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27765612	461	489	American College of Surgeons	T094	C1515943
27765612	490	535	National Surgical Quality Improvement Program	T170	C0150098
27765612	541	562	risk-adjusted dataset	T170	C0150098
27765612	573	585	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27765612	586	598	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27765612	600	612	demographics	T078	C0011292
27765612	622	625	day	T079	C0439228
27765612	626	634	outcomes	T078	C1547647
27765612	663	673	identified	T080	C0205396
27765612	692	700	patients	T101	C0030705
27765612	715	728	prostatectomy	T061	C0033573
27765612	730	741	nephrectomy	T061	C0027695
27765612	743	762	partial nephrectomy	T061	C0194086
27765612	764	774	cystectomy	T061	C0010651
27765612	779	819	transurethral resection of bladder tumor	T061	C0401496
27765612	821	826	TURBT	T061	C0401496
27765612	829	844	Hypoalbuminemic	T047	C0239981
27765612	845	853	patients	T101	C0030705
27765612	859	867	compared	T052	C1707455
27765612	891	903	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27765612	904	911	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27765612	921	924	day	T079	C0439228
27765612	925	933	outcomes	T078	C1547647
27765612	950	978	Logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
27765612	1001	1012	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27765612	1017	1026	mortality	T081	C0205848
27765612	1031	1043	complication	T046	C0009566
27765612	1044	1049	rates	T081	C1521828
27765612	1069	1075	cohort	T098	C0599755
27765612	1096	1105	increased	T081	C0205217
27765612	1114	1123	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27765612	1133	1142	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27765612	1148	1157	mortality	T081	C0205848
27765612	1165	1180	hypoalbuminemic	T047	C0239981
27765612	1181	1186	group	T098	C1257890
27765612	1204	1214	procedures	T061	C0087111
27765612	1217	1232	Hypoalbuminemia	T047	C0239981
27765612	1255	1275	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27765612	1280	1283	day	T079	C0439228
27765612	1284	1293	mortality	T081	C0205848
27765612	1303	1313	procedures	T061	C0087111
27765612	1322	1332	cystectomy	T061	C0010651
27765612	1349	1359	procedures	T061	C0087111
27765612	1368	1373	TURBT	T061	C0401496
27765612	1385	1400	Hypoalbuminemia	T047	C0239981
27765612	1405	1420	associated with	T080	C0332281
27765612	1432	1435	day	T079	C0439228
27765612	1436	1445	mortality	T081	C0205848
27765612	1453	1458	TURBT	T061	C0401496
27765612	1459	1464	group	T098	C1257890
27765612	1465	1473	compared	T052	C1707455
27765612	1505	1512	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27765612	1532	1540	findings	T033	C0243095
27765612	1589	1601	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27765612	1613	1624	sample size	T081	C0242618
27765612	1626	1638	standardized	T080	C1442989
27765612	1639	1643	data	T078	C1511726
27765612	1644	1655	definitions	T170	C1704788
27765612	1661	1676	quality control	T169	C0034378
27765612	1677	1685	measures	T081	C0079809
27765612	1693	1721	American College of Surgeons	T094	C1515943
27765612	1722	1767	National Surgical Quality Improvement Program	T170	C0150098
27765612	1768	1776	database	T170	C0242356
27765612	1796	1804	analysis	T062	C0936012
27765612	1846	1854	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27765612	1863	1869	groups	T098	C1257890
27765612	1871	1884	Serum albumin	T116	C0036773
27765612	1897	1906	predictor	T078	C2698872
27765612	1910	1920	short-term	T079	C0443303
27765612	1921	1934	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27765612	1935	1948	complications	T046	C0009566
27765612	1956	1973	urologic oncology	T061	C0543467
27765612	1974	1981	patient	T101	C0030705

27765805|t|Total colectomy for colon perforation after kayexalate administration: a case report and literature review of a rare complication
27765805|a|Kayexalate is an ion exchange resin that is commonly used to acutely treat patients with hyperkalemia. Bowel ulceration and necrosis is a rare and uncommonly recognized complication of kayexalate administration. More often, concomitant administration with sorbitol is reported to damage the bowel; however, there are reports of kayexalate administration causing bowel necrosis without sorbitol. We present a case of a critically ill patient who underwent total colectomy for colonic necrosis secondary to oral kayexalate administration that was not recognized until late in the pathologic process. We also review the literature to further investigate this progression.
27765805	6	15	colectomy	T061	C0009274
27765805	20	37	colon perforation	T037	C0347646
27765805	44	54	kayexalate	T109,T121	C0124498
27765805	55	69	administration	T061	C1533734
27765805	89	106	literature review	T170	C0282441
27765805	112	116	rare	T080	C0522498
27765805	117	129	complication	T046	C0009566
27765805	130	140	Kayexalate	T109,T121	C0124498
27765805	147	165	ion exchange resin	T121,T122,T130	C0022014
27765805	199	204	treat	T061	C0087111
27765805	205	213	patients	T101	C0030705
27765805	219	231	hyperkalemia	T033	C0020461
27765805	233	249	Bowel ulceration	T047	C0009324
27765805	254	262	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27765805	268	272	rare	T080	C0522498
27765805	299	311	complication	T046	C0009566
27765805	315	325	kayexalate	T109,T121	C0124498
27765805	326	340	administration	T061	C1533734
27765805	354	365	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27765805	366	380	administration	T061	C1533734
27765805	386	394	sorbitol	T109,T121	C0037688
27765805	410	416	damage	T169	C1883709
27765805	421	426	bowel	T023	C0021853
27765805	458	468	kayexalate	T109,T121	C0124498
27765805	469	483	administration	T061	C1533734
27765805	492	506	bowel necrosis	T047	C2243080
27765805	515	523	sorbitol	T109,T121	C0037688
27765805	548	562	critically ill	T047	C0010340
27765805	563	570	patient	T101	C0030705
27765805	591	600	colectomy	T061	C0009274
27765805	605	621	colonic necrosis	T047	C3671268
27765805	635	639	oral	T082	C0442027
27765805	640	650	kayexalate	T109,T121	C0124498
27765805	651	665	administration	T061	C1533734
27765805	708	726	pathologic process	T046	C0030660
27765805	736	757	review the literature	T170	C0282441
27765805	786	797	progression	T046	C0242656

27765873|t|Active packaging of chicken meats with modified atmosphere including oxygen scavengers
27765873|a|The effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP -70% CO2 /30% N2) and iron -based oxygen scavengers (OS) with various absorption capacities (Ageless(®) ss100, ss300, and ss500) as an active packaging system on microbiological and oxidative changes in chicken thigh meats were evaluated during refrigerated storage (4°C) for 19 d at 3- day intervals. Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts exceeded the acceptability limit at d 7 in the control group without MAP (AIR), and at d 19 in MAP and OS containing samples. OS utilization resulted in around 1.5 and 1.0 log unit reductions in Pseudomonas spp. counts at d 7 and d 10 of storage, respectively, as compared with AIR and MAP groups (P < 0.05). MAP and OS groups had fewer (P < 0.05) coliform counts than did the AIR group, with an approximately 1.0 log reduction observed at d 10. Although in some cases OS utilization resulted in lower TBARS values and carbonyl and sulphydryl contents, particularly during later stages of refrigerated storage as compared to AIR and MAP groups, in general, these effects were not always apparent. The results of this study suggested that MAP suppressed microbiological growth and retarded lipid and protein oxidation in chicken thigh meats, with a 9- day shelf-life extention with insignificant effects of OS.
27765873	0	6	Active	T169	C0205177
27765873	7	16	packaging	T068	C0030176
27765873	20	33	chicken meats	T168	C0677521
27765873	39	47	modified	T169	C0392747
27765873	48	58	atmosphere	T070	C0935443
27765873	69	75	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27765873	76	86	scavengers	T120	C1254355
27765873	91	101	effects of	T080	C1704420
27765873	102	110	modified	T169	C0392747
27765873	111	121	atmosphere	T070	C0935443
27765873	122	131	packaging	T068	C0030176
27765873	133	136	MAP	T070	C0935443
27765873	142	145	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27765873	151	153	N2	T123,T196	C0028158
27765873	159	163	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27765873	171	177	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27765873	178	188	scavengers	T120	C1254355
27765873	190	192	OS	T120	C1254355
27765873	279	295	packaging system	T073	C0178791
27765873	299	314	microbiological	T170	C0025953
27765873	319	328	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27765873	329	336	changes	T169	C0392747
27765873	340	359	chicken thigh meats	T168	C0677521
27765873	382	402	refrigerated storage	T169	C1698986
27765873	424	427	day	T079	C0439228
27765873	428	437	intervals	T079	C1272706
27765873	439	479	Total aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts	T081	C0392762
27765873	493	512	acceptability limit	T081	C0392762
27765873	527	540	control group	T096	C0009932
27765873	549	552	MAP	T070	C0935443
27765873	554	557	AIR	T167	C0001861
27765873	575	578	MAP	T070	C0935443
27765873	583	585	OS	T120	C1254355
27765873	597	604	samples	T167	C0370003
27765873	606	608	OS	T120	C1254355
27765873	609	620	utilization	T169	C0042153
27765873	661	671	reductions	T080	C0392756
27765873	675	691	Pseudomonas spp.	T007	C0033808
27765873	692	698	counts	T081	C0439157
27765873	718	725	storage	T169	C1698986
27765873	758	761	AIR	T167	C0001861
27765873	766	769	MAP	T070	C0935443
27765873	770	776	groups	T078	C0441833
27765873	789	792	MAP	T070	C0935443
27765873	797	799	OS	T120	C1254355
27765873	800	806	groups	T078	C0441833
27765873	828	843	coliform counts	T081	C0805715
27765873	857	860	AIR	T167	C0001861
27765873	861	866	group	T078	C0441833
27765873	898	907	reduction	T080	C0392756
27765873	943	948	cases	T169	C0868928
27765873	949	951	OS	T120	C1254355
27765873	952	963	utilization	T169	C0042153
27765873	982	987	TBARS	T109,T130	C0162781
27765873	988	994	values	T081	C1522609
27765873	999	1007	carbonyl	T077	C0456205
27765873	1012	1031	sulphydryl contents	T077	C0456205
27765873	1059	1065	stages	T079	C1306673
27765873	1069	1089	refrigerated storage	T169	C1698986
27765873	1105	1108	AIR	T167	C0001861
27765873	1113	1116	MAP	T070	C0935443
27765873	1117	1123	groups	T078	C0441833
27765873	1143	1150	effects	T080	C1280500
27765873	1218	1221	MAP	T070	C0935443
27765873	1222	1232	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27765873	1233	1255	microbiological growth	T067	C2911660
27765873	1269	1274	lipid	T044	C2612546
27765873	1279	1296	protein oxidation	T044	C1159301
27765873	1300	1319	chicken thigh meats	T168	C0677521
27765873	1331	1334	day	T079	C0439228
27765873	1335	1345	shelf-life	T070	C4279909
27765873	1375	1385	effects of	T080	C1704420
27765873	1386	1388	OS	T120	C1254355

27766173|t|Multidrug Resistance of Acinetobacter Baumannii in Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria
27766173|a|Acinetobacter baumannii is a ubiquitous pathogen that has emerged as a major cause of healthcare-associated infections at Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital. Isolates were assayed according to standard protocol. The isolates were subjected to molecular techniques to detect blaOXA, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV genes in strains of the A. baumannii isolates. The prevalence of A. baumannii was 8.5% and was most prevalent among patients in the age group 51-60 (36%); the male patients (63.6%) were more infected than their female counterparts. Patients (72.7%) in the intensive care unit (ICU) were most infected with this organism. The isolates showed 100% resistance to both amikacin and ciprofloxacin and 90.9% to both ceftriaxone and ceftazidime, while resistance to the other antibiotics used in this study were: piperacillin (81.8%), imipenem (72.7%), gentamycin (72.2%), and meropenem (63.6%). None of the isolates was, however, resistant to colistin. PCR results showed that blaOXA, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M genes were positive in some isolates, while blaSHV was not detected in any of the isolates. This study has revealed that the strains of A. baumannii isolated are multiple drug resistant. Regular monitoring, judicious prescription, and early detection of resistance to these antibiotics are, therefore, necessary to check further dissemination of the organism.
27766173	0	20	Multidrug Resistance	T032	C0242640
27766173	24	47	Acinetobacter Baumannii	T007	C0314787
27766173	51	95	Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27766173	97	112	Osogbo, Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27766173	113	136	Acinetobacter baumannii	T007	C0314787
27766173	153	161	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27766173	199	231	healthcare-associated infections	T046	C0010356
27766173	235	279	Ladoke Akintola University Teaching Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27766173	281	289	Isolates	T123	C3494793
27766173	295	302	assayed	T059	C1510438
27766173	316	333	standard protocol	T170	C0442711
27766173	339	347	isolates	T123	C3494793
27766173	366	386	molecular techniques	T063	C1513384
27766173	397	439	blaOXA, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV genes	T028	C1442492
27766173	443	450	strains	T007	C0314787
27766173	458	470	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
27766173	471	479	isolates	T123	C3494793
27766173	499	511	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
27766173	550	558	patients	T101	C0030705
27766173	566	575	age group	T100	C0027362
27766173	593	597	male	T032	C0086582
27766173	598	606	patients	T101	C0030705
27766173	625	633	infected	T033	C0439663
27766173	645	651	female	T032	C0086287
27766173	666	674	Patients	T101	C0030705
27766173	690	709	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27766173	711	714	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27766173	726	734	infected	T033	C0439663
27766173	745	753	organism	T001	C0029235
27766173	759	767	isolates	T123	C3494793
27766173	780	790	resistance	T169	C4281815
27766173	799	807	amikacin	T109,T195	C0002499
27766173	812	825	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
27766173	844	855	ceftriaxone	T109,T195	C0007561
27766173	860	871	ceftazidime	T109,T195	C0007559
27766173	879	889	resistance	T169	C4281815
27766173	903	914	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27766173	928	933	study	T062	C2603343
27766173	940	952	piperacillin	T109,T195	C0031955
27766173	962	970	imipenem	T109,T195	C0066005
27766173	980	990	gentamycin	T109,T195	C3854019
27766173	1004	1013	meropenem	T109,T195	C0066005
27766173	1035	1043	isolates	T123	C3494793
27766173	1058	1067	resistant	T169	C4281815
27766173	1071	1079	colistin	T109,T195	C0002499
27766173	1081	1084	PCR	T063	C0032520
27766173	1085	1092	results	T034	C0456984
27766173	1105	1139	blaOXA, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M genes	T028	C1442492
27766173	1145	1153	positive	T033	C1446409
27766173	1162	1170	isolates	T123	C3494793
27766173	1178	1184	blaSHV	T028	C1442492
27766173	1189	1201	not detected	T033	C0442737
27766173	1216	1224	isolates	T123	C3494793
27766173	1231	1236	study	T062	C2603343
27766173	1241	1249	revealed	T080	C0443289
27766173	1259	1266	strains	T007	C0314787
27766173	1270	1282	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
27766173	1283	1291	isolated	T169	C0205409
27766173	1296	1319	multiple drug resistant	T032	C0242640
27766173	1329	1339	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27766173	1351	1363	prescription	T058	C0033080
27766173	1375	1384	detection	T061	C1511790
27766173	1388	1398	resistance	T169	C4281815
27766173	1408	1419	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27766173	1484	1492	organism	T001	C0029235

27766178|t|Total Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead Determination in Brazilian Rice Samples Using ICP-MS
27766178|a|This study is aimed at investigating a suitable method for rice sample preparation as well as validating and applying the method for monitoring the concentration of total arsenic, cadmium, and lead in rice by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Various rice sample preparation procedures were evaluated. The analytical method was validated by measuring several parameters including limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, relative bias, and repeatability. Regarding the sample preparation, recoveries of spiked samples were within the acceptable range from 89.3 to 98.2% for muffle furnace, 94.2 to 103.3% for heating block, 81.0 to 115.0% for hot plate, and 92.8 to 108.2% for microwave. Validation parameters showed that the method fits for its purpose, being the total arsenic, cadmium, and lead within the Brazilian Legislation limits. The method was applied for analyzing 37 rice samples (including polished, brown, and parboiled), consumed by the Brazilian population. The total arsenic, cadmium, and lead contents were lower than the established legislative values, except for total arsenic in one brown rice sample. This study indicated the need to establish monitoring programs for emphasizing the study on this type of cereal, aiming at promoting the Public Health.
27766178	0	5	Total	T080	C0439810
27766178	6	13	Arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27766178	15	22	Cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27766178	28	32	Lead	T131,T196	C0023175
27766178	33	46	Determination	T059	C1148554
27766178	50	64	Brazilian Rice	T168	C0035567
27766178	65	72	Samples	T167	C0370003
27766178	79	85	ICP-MS	T059	C1553183
27766178	91	96	study	T062	C2603343
27766178	109	122	investigating	T169	C1292732
27766178	134	140	method	T170	C0025663
27766178	145	149	rice	T168	C0035567
27766178	150	156	sample	T167	C0370003
27766178	157	168	preparation	T052	C1521827
27766178	180	190	validating	T062	C1519941
27766178	195	203	applying	T169	C0205245
27766178	208	214	method	T170	C0025663
27766178	219	229	monitoring	T169	C0205245
27766178	234	247	concentration	T081	C1446561
27766178	251	256	total	T080	C0439810
27766178	257	264	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27766178	266	273	cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27766178	279	283	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
27766178	287	291	rice	T168	C0035567
27766178	301	345	Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry	T059	C1553183
27766178	347	353	ICP-MS	T059	C1553183
27766178	364	368	rice	T168	C0035567
27766178	369	375	sample	T167	C0370003
27766178	376	387	preparation	T052	C1521827
27766178	388	398	procedures	T169	C2700391
27766178	419	436	analytical method	T170	C0178476
27766178	441	450	validated	T062	C1519941
27766178	454	463	measuring	T169	C0242485
27766178	472	482	parameters	T033	C0449381
27766178	493	511	limit of detection	T081	C2718050
27766178	513	516	LOD	T081	C2718050
27766178	519	542	limit of quantification	T081	C1709793
27766178	544	547	LOQ	T081	C1709793
27766178	550	559	linearity	T081	C0392762
27766178	561	574	relative bias	T078	C0242568
27766178	580	593	repeatability	T080	C0205556
27766178	609	615	sample	T167	C0370003
27766178	616	627	preparation	T052	C1521827
27766178	629	639	recoveries	T033	C0683340
27766178	643	657	spiked samples	T167	C0370003
27766178	674	690	acceptable range	T081	C1514721
27766178	714	728	muffle furnace	T073	C1708110
27766178	749	762	heating block	T074	C0181153
27766178	783	792	hot plate	T074	C0182315
27766178	817	826	microwave	T073	C0336756
27766178	828	838	Validation	T062	C1519941
27766178	839	849	parameters	T033	C0449381
27766178	866	872	method	T170	C0025663
27766178	905	910	total	T080	C0439810
27766178	911	918	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27766178	920	927	cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27766178	933	937	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
27766178	983	989	method	T170	C0025663
27766178	1006	1015	analyzing	T062	C0936012
27766178	1019	1023	rice	T168	C0035567
27766178	1024	1031	samples	T167	C0370003
27766178	1043	1051	polished	T168	C0035567
27766178	1053	1058	brown	T168	C0452710
27766178	1064	1073	parboiled	T168	C0035567
27766178	1092	1112	Brazilian population	T081	C0032659
27766178	1118	1123	total	T080	C0439810
27766178	1124	1131	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27766178	1133	1140	cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27766178	1146	1150	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
27766178	1151	1159	contents	T077	C0456205
27766178	1192	1203	legislative	T170	C2937257
27766178	1204	1210	values	T080	C0042295
27766178	1223	1228	total	T080	C0439810
27766178	1229	1236	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27766178	1244	1254	brown rice	T168	C0452710
27766178	1255	1261	sample	T167	C0370003
27766178	1268	1273	study	T062	C2603343
27766178	1306	1316	monitoring	T169	C0205245
27766178	1317	1325	programs	T169	C3484370
27766178	1346	1351	study	T062	C2603343
27766178	1360	1364	type	T080	C0332307
27766178	1368	1374	cereal	T168	C0007757
27766178	1400	1413	Public Health	T170	C3244304

27766200|t|Glomus tumor in teen and repetition pneumonia: Case report
27766200|a|Glomus tumors are uncommon tumors that are originated from smooth muscle cells of the neuromioarterials glomus bodies located in the arteriovenous anastomoses subcutaneous tissue or deep dermis of the extremities, mainly in the palms of the hands, wrists and subungual areas of the fingers. Carcinoid tumor, as the glomus tumor, can show an organoid pattern, increased vascularity, and uniform, round cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, but usually are positive for cytokeratin and always stained with chromogranin and synaptophysin showing negative for smooth muscle markers which is presented in our case. Glomus tumors have a good prognosis and surgical resection is the treatment of choice. In our case, the patient underwent pulmonary bilobectomy because of the location of the tumor in the transition between the middle lobe and the basal bronchial trunk right lower lobe divisions. It is presented thus a glomus tumor with exceptional localization (pulmonary and bronchial) of benign histological features, according to most of the cases reported in the literature emphasizing their particular rare location, histological, and immunohistochemical profile, which helps the differential diagnosis with other most common tumors of bronchial location.
27766200	0	12	Glomus tumor	T191	C0017653
27766200	16	20	teen	T098	C1521910
27766200	25	35	repetition	T169	C0205341
27766200	36	45	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27766200	47	58	Case report	T170	C0007320
27766200	59	72	Glomus tumors	T191	C0017653
27766200	77	85	uncommon	T080	C0522498
27766200	86	92	tumors	T191	C0027651
27766200	118	137	smooth muscle cells	T025	C1135918
27766200	145	176	neuromioarterials glomus bodies	T023	C0221936
27766200	177	184	located	T082	C0450429
27766200	192	217	arteriovenous anastomoses	T023	C0225984
27766200	218	237	subcutaneous tissue	T024	C0278403
27766200	241	245	deep	T082	C0205125
27766200	246	252	dermis	T024	C0011646
27766200	260	271	extremities	T023	C0278454
27766200	287	305	palms of the hands	T029	C0817662
27766200	307	313	wrists	T029	C0043262
27766200	318	333	subungual areas	T023	C0221997
27766200	341	348	fingers	T023	C0016129
27766200	350	365	Carcinoid tumor	T191	C0007095
27766200	374	386	glomus tumor	T191	C0017653
27766200	400	416	organoid pattern	T033	C1335133
27766200	418	427	increased	T081	C0205217
27766200	428	439	vascularity	T033	C4068833
27766200	445	452	uniform	T080	C0205375
27766200	454	465	round cells	T025	C0487470
27766200	471	493	eosinophilic cytoplasm	T025	C1513935
27766200	511	535	positive for cytokeratin	T033	C2825740
27766200	547	554	stained	T080	C2986582
27766200	560	572	chromogranin	T116,T123	C0008586
27766200	577	590	synaptophysin	T116,T123	C0085255
27766200	599	607	negative	T033	C1513916
27766200	612	625	smooth muscle	T024	C1267092
27766200	626	633	markers	T123	C0041365
27766200	643	652	presented	T078	C0449450
27766200	660	664	case	T077	C1706256
27766200	666	679	Glomus tumors	T191	C0017653
27766200	687	701	good prognosis	T033	C0278250
27766200	706	724	surgical resection	T061	C0728940
27766200	732	741	treatment	T061	C0087111
27766200	760	764	case	T077	C1706256
27766200	770	777	patient	T101	C0030705
27766200	788	809	pulmonary bilobectomy	T061	C0396580
27766200	825	833	location	T082	C0450429
27766200	841	846	tumor	T191	C0027651
27766200	854	864	transition	T052	C2700061
27766200	877	888	middle lobe	T023	C0225757
27766200	897	935	basal bronchial trunk right lower lobe	T023	C0225621
27766200	953	962	presented	T078	C0449450
27766200	970	982	glomus tumor	T191	C0017653
27766200	988	1012	exceptional localization	T169	C0475264
27766200	1014	1023	pulmonary	T080	C2709248
27766200	1028	1037	bronchial	T023	C0205039
27766200	1042	1048	benign	T080	C0205183
27766200	1049	1070	histological features	T033	C0449575
27766200	1097	1102	cases	T077	C1706256
27766200	1103	1111	reported	T058	C0700287
27766200	1119	1129	literature	T170	C0023866
27766200	1159	1163	rare	T080	C0522498
27766200	1164	1172	location	T082	C0450429
27766200	1174	1186	histological	T201	C0449574
27766200	1192	1211	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27766200	1212	1219	profile	T059	C1979963
27766200	1237	1259	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27766200	1276	1282	common	T081	C0205214
27766200	1283	1289	tumors	T191	C0027651
27766200	1293	1302	bronchial	T023	C0205039
27766200	1303	1311	location	T082	C0450429

27766286|t|Dataset of the molecular dynamics simulations of bilayers consisting of short amyloidogenic peptide VDSWNVLVAG from Bgl2p-glucantransferase of S. cerevisiae cell wall
27766286|a|The amyloidogenic peptide VDSWNVLVAG from Bgl2p-glucantransferase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall and its modifying analog VESWNVLVAG were taken for the construction of four types of bilayers which differ by orientation of the peptides in the layers and of the layers relative to each other. These bilayers were used as starting models for the molecular dynamics (MD) at three charge states (neutral, pH3, and pH5). The changes of the fraction of secondary structure during 1 ns simulations were received for 96 MD trajectories. The data article contains the necessary information for the construction of models of β-strands organization in the oligomer structure. These results were used in the associated research article " Structural model of amyloid fibrils for amyloidogenic peptide from Bgl2p-glucantransferase of S. cerevisiae cell wall and its modifying analog. New morphology of amyloid fibrils " (Selivanova et al., 2016) [1].
27766286	0	7	Dataset	T170	C0150098
27766286	15	45	molecular dynamics simulations	T066	C2717775
27766286	49	57	bilayers	T080	C0205556
27766286	78	99	amyloidogenic peptide	T116	C0030956
27766286	100	110	VDSWNVLVAG	T087	C0002518
27766286	116	139	Bgl2p-glucantransferase	T116,T126	C0014442
27766286	143	156	S. cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27766286	157	166	cell wall	T026	C0007623
27766286	171	192	amyloidogenic peptide	T116	C0030956
27766286	193	203	VDSWNVLVAG	T087	C0002518
27766286	209	232	Bgl2p-glucantransferase	T116,T126	C0014442
27766286	236	260	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27766286	261	270	cell wall	T026	C0007623
27766286	289	295	analog	T104	C0243071
27766286	296	306	VESWNVLVAG	T087	C0002518
27766286	342	346	four	T081	C0205450
27766286	356	364	bilayers	T080	C0205556
27766286	381	392	orientation	T082	C1704322
27766286	400	408	peptides	T116	C0030956
27766286	416	422	layers	T080	C0205556
27766286	434	440	layers	T080	C0205556
27766286	471	479	bilayers	T080	C0205556
27766286	502	508	models	T170	C3161035
27766286	517	535	molecular dynamics	T044	C0596957
27766286	537	539	MD	T044	C0596957
27766286	593	600	changes	T169	C0392747
27766286	620	639	secondary structure	T082	C0162807
27766286	652	663	simulations	T062	C0679083
27766286	706	710	data	T078	C1511726
27766286	711	718	article	T170	C1706852
27766286	742	753	information	T078	C1533716
27766286	778	784	models	T170	C3161035
27766286	788	797	β-strands	T082	C0600383
27766286	798	810	organization	T169	C1300196
27766286	818	826	oligomer	T087	C0599219
27766286	827	836	structure	T082	C0678594
27766286	844	851	results	T169	C1274040
27766286	880	896	research article	T170	C1706852
27766286	899	915	Structural model	T073	C0026349
27766286	919	934	amyloid fibrils	T116,T123	C1449651
27766286	939	960	amyloidogenic peptide	T116	C0030956
27766286	966	989	Bgl2p-glucantransferase	T116,T126	C0014442
27766286	993	1006	S. cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27766286	1007	1016	cell wall	T026	C0007623
27766286	1035	1041	analog	T104	C0243071
27766286	1047	1057	morphology	T080	C0332437
27766286	1061	1076	amyloid fibrils	T116,T123	C1449651

27766634|t|Reliability of 30-Day Readmission Measures Used in the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program
27766634|a|To assess the reliability of risk-standardized readmission rates (RSRRs) for medical conditions and surgical procedures used in the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP). State Inpatient Databases for six states from 2011 to 2013 were used to identify patient cohorts for the six conditions used in the HRRP, which was augmented with hospital characteristic and HRRP penalty data. Hierarchical logistic regression models estimated hospital -level RSRRs for each condition, the reliability of each RSRR, and the extent to which socioeconomic and hospital factors further explain RSRR variation. We used publicly available data to estimate payments for excess readmissions in hospitals with reliable and unreliable RSRRs. Only RSRRs for surgical procedures exceeded the reliability benchmark for most hospitals, whereas RSRRs for medical conditions were typically below the benchmark. Additional adjustment for socioeconomic and hospital factors modestly explained variation in RSRRs. Approximately 25 percent of payments for excess readmissions were tied to unreliable RSRRs. Many of the RSRRs employed by the HRRP are unreliable, and one quarter of payments for excess readmissions are associated with unreliable RSRRs. Unreliable measures blur the connection between hospital performance and incentives, and threaten the success of the HRRP.
27766634	0	11	Reliability	T081	C2347947
27766634	22	42	Readmission Measures	T058	C0030700
27766634	55	93	Hospital Readmission Reduction Program	T058	C0679897
27766634	97	103	assess	T058	C0184514
27766634	108	119	reliability	T081	C2347947
27766634	123	158	risk-standardized readmission rates	T081	C1521828
27766634	160	165	RSRRs	T081	C1521828
27766634	171	189	medical conditions	T033	C3843040
27766634	194	213	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
27766634	226	264	Hospital Readmission Reduction Program	T058	C0679897
27766634	266	270	HRRP	T058	C0679897
27766634	273	278	State	T083	C1301808
27766634	279	288	Inpatient	T101	C0021562
27766634	289	298	Databases	T170	C0242356
27766634	307	313	states	T083	C1301808
27766634	354	369	patient cohorts	T098	C0599755
27766634	382	392	conditions	T046	C0243082
27766634	405	409	HRRP	T058	C0679897
27766634	421	430	augmented	T081	C0205217
27766634	436	459	hospital characteristic	T080	C1510665
27766634	464	468	HRRP	T058	C0679897
27766634	469	481	penalty data	T078	C1511726
27766634	483	495	Hierarchical	T080	C0205556
27766634	496	522	logistic regression models	UnknownType	C0681925
27766634	523	532	estimated	T081	C0750572
27766634	533	541	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27766634	549	554	RSRRs	T081	C1521828
27766634	564	573	condition	T046	C0243082
27766634	579	590	reliability	T081	C2347947
27766634	599	603	RSRR	T081	C1521828
27766634	629	642	socioeconomic	T102	C0037464
27766634	647	663	hospital factors	T080	C1510665
27766634	680	684	RSRR	T081	C1521828
27766634	685	694	variation	T080	C0205419
27766634	723	727	data	T078	C1511726
27766634	731	739	estimate	T081	C0750572
27766634	740	748	payments	T081	C0680264
27766634	760	785	readmissions in hospitals	T058	C0600290
27766634	791	799	reliable	T170	C3858758
27766634	804	814	unreliable	T078	C0749770
27766634	815	820	RSRRs	T081	C1521828
27766634	827	832	RSRRs	T081	C1521828
27766634	837	856	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
27766634	870	881	reliability	T081	C2347947
27766634	882	891	benchmark	T081	C0525063
27766634	901	910	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27766634	920	925	RSRRs	T081	C1521828
27766634	930	948	medical conditions	T033	C3843040
27766634	974	983	benchmark	T081	C0525063
27766634	996	1006	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27766634	1011	1024	socioeconomic	T102	C0037464
27766634	1029	1045	hospital factors	T080	C1510665
27766634	1065	1074	variation	T080	C0205419
27766634	1078	1083	RSRRs	T081	C1521828
27766634	1113	1121	payments	T081	C0680264
27766634	1133	1145	readmissions	T058	C0600290
27766634	1159	1169	unreliable	T078	C0749770
27766634	1170	1175	RSRRs	T081	C1521828
27766634	1189	1194	RSRRs	T081	C1521828
27766634	1211	1215	HRRP	T058	C0679897
27766634	1220	1230	unreliable	T078	C0749770
27766634	1240	1247	quarter	T081	C2825406
27766634	1251	1259	payments	T081	C0680264
27766634	1271	1283	readmissions	T058	C0600290
27766634	1304	1314	unreliable	T078	C0749770
27766634	1315	1320	RSRRs	T081	C1521828
27766634	1322	1332	Unreliable	T078	C0749770
27766634	1342	1346	blur	T080	C1511231
27766634	1351	1361	connection	T082	C0449379
27766634	1370	1378	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27766634	1379	1390	performance	T052	C1882330
27766634	1395	1405	incentives	T080	C0021147
27766634	1439	1443	HRRP	T058	C0679897

27766879|t|Ensemble Linear Neighborhood Propagation for Predicting Subchloroplast Localization of Multi-Location Proteins
27766879|a|In the postgenomic era, the number of unreviewed protein sequences is remarkably larger and grows tremendously faster than that of reviewed ones. However, existing methods for protein subchloroplast localization often ignore the information from these unlabeled proteins. This paper proposes a multi-label predictor based on ensemble linear neighborhood propagation (LNP), namely, LNP-Chlo, which leverages hybrid sequence-based feature information from both labeled and unlabeled proteins for predicting localization of both single- and multi-label chloroplast proteins. Experimental results on a stringent benchmark dataset and a novel independent dataset suggest that LNP-Chlo performs at least 6% (absolute) better than state-of-the-art predictors. This paper also demonstrates that ensemble LNP significantly outperforms LNP based on individual features. For readers ' convenience, the online Web server LNP-Chlo is freely available at http://bioinfo.eie.polyu.edu.hk/LNPChloServer/.
27766879	0	8	Ensemble	T080	C0205556
27766879	9	40	Linear Neighborhood Propagation	T170	C0002045
27766879	45	55	Predicting	T033	C0243095
27766879	56	83	Subchloroplast Localization	T038	C3158176
27766879	87	110	Multi-Location Proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27766879	118	133	postgenomic era	T079	C1254367
27766879	149	159	unreviewed	T080	C0205556
27766879	160	177	protein sequences	T087	C0002518
27766879	242	250	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27766879	266	274	existing	T077	C2987476
27766879	275	282	methods	T170	C0025663
27766879	287	294	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27766879	295	322	subchloroplast localization	T038	C3158176
27766879	340	351	information	T078	C1533716
27766879	363	381	unlabeled proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27766879	388	393	paper	T170	C1706852
27766879	405	426	multi-label predictor	T078	C2698872
27766879	436	444	ensemble	T080	C0205556
27766879	445	476	linear neighborhood propagation	T170	C0002045
27766879	478	481	LNP	T170	C0002045
27766879	492	500	LNP-Chlo	T170	C0002045
27766879	518	559	hybrid sequence-based feature information	T077	C1708038
27766879	570	577	labeled	T116,T123	C0033684
27766879	582	600	unlabeled proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27766879	605	615	predicting	T033	C0243095
27766879	616	681	localization of both single- and multi-label chloroplast proteins	T043	C3156659
27766879	683	703	Experimental results	T033	C2825142
27766879	719	728	benchmark	T081	C0525063
27766879	729	736	dataset	T170	C0150098
27766879	743	748	novel	T080	C0205314
27766879	749	760	independent	T078	C0085862
27766879	761	768	dataset	T170	C0150098
27766879	782	790	LNP-Chlo	T170	C0002045
27766879	813	821	absolute	T080	C0205344
27766879	835	851	state-of-the-art	T080	C0205556
27766879	852	862	predictors	T078	C2698872
27766879	869	874	paper	T170	C1706852
27766879	898	906	ensemble	T080	C0205556
27766879	907	910	LNP	T170	C0002045
27766879	911	924	significantly	T078	C0750502
27766879	937	940	LNP	T170	C0002045
27766879	950	969	individual features	T080	C2348519
27766879	975	982	readers	T098	C1257890
27766879	985	996	convenience	T080	C3831015
27766879	1002	1019	online Web server	T073,T170	C0029038
27766879	1020	1028	LNP-Chlo	T170	C0002045
27766879	1052	1098	http://bioinfo.eie.polyu.edu.hk/LNPChloServer/	T170	C1704666

27768063|t|Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A) BSL-4 Laboratory: 1. Biosafety Level 4 Suit Laboratory Suite Entry and Exit Procedures
27768063|a|Biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) suit laboratories are specifically designed to study high-consequence pathogens for which neither infection prophylaxes nor treatment options exist. The hallmarks of these laboratories are: custom-designed airtight doors, dedicated supply and exhaust airflow systems, a negative-pressure environment, and mandatory use of positive-pressure ("space") suits. The risk for laboratory specialists working with highly pathogenic agents is minimized through rigorous training and adherence to stringent safety protocols and standard operating procedures. Researchers perform the majority of their work in BSL-2 laboratories and switch to BSL-4 suit laboratories when work with a high-consequence pathogen is required. Collaborators and scientists considering BSL-4 projects should be aware of the challenges associated with BSL-4 research both in terms of experimental technical limitations in BSL-4 laboratory space and the increased duration of such experiments. Tasks such as entering and exiting the BSL-4 suit laboratories are considerably more complex and time-consuming compared to BSL-2 and BSL-3 laboratories. The focus of this particular article is to address basic biosafety concerns and describe the entrance and exit procedures for the BSL-4 laboratory at the NIH / NIAID Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick. Such procedures include checking external systems that support the BSL-4 laboratory, and inspecting and donning positive-pressure suits, entering the laboratory, moving through air pressure - resistant doors, and connecting to air-supply hoses. We will also discuss moving within and exiting the BSL-4 suit laboratories, including using the chemical shower and removing and storing positive-pressure suits.
27768063	0	18	Safety Precautions	T058	C0150755
27768063	23	43	Operating Procedures	T170	C3889288
27768063	54	59	BSL-4	T170	C1443939
27768063	60	70	Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	75	92	Biosafety Level 4	T170	C1443939
27768063	93	108	Suit Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	109	140	Suite Entry and Exit Procedures	T170	C0442711
27768063	141	158	Biosafety level 4	T170	C1443939
27768063	160	165	BSL-4	T170	C1443939
27768063	167	184	suit laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	202	210	designed	T052	C1707689
27768063	214	219	study	T062	C2603343
27768063	220	246	high-consequence pathogens	T001	C0450254
27768063	265	274	infection	T046	C3714514
27768063	275	286	prophylaxes	T061	C0199176
27768063	291	300	treatment	T061	C0087111
27768063	339	351	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	357	372	custom-designed	T052	C1707689
27768063	373	387	airtight doors	T073	C0557698
27768063	399	405	supply	T169	C1561604
27768063	410	433	exhaust airflow systems	T073	C3273359
27768063	437	466	negative-pressure environment	T074	C1961760
27768063	489	522	positive-pressure ("space") suits	T073	C0376610
27768063	537	547	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	548	559	specialists	T097	C0035173
27768063	580	597	pathogenic agents	T001	C0450254
27768063	628	636	training	T065	C0220931
27768063	664	680	safety protocols	T170	C0677563
27768063	685	714	standard operating procedures	T170	C3889288
27768063	716	727	Researchers	T097	C0035173
27768063	740	748	majority	T080	C0205164
27768063	758	762	work	T057	C0043227
27768063	766	771	BSL-2	T170	C1443937
27768063	772	784	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	799	804	BSL-4	T170	C1443939
27768063	805	822	suit laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	840	865	high-consequence pathogen	T001	C0450254
27768063	879	892	Collaborators	T094	C2827395
27768063	897	907	scientists	T097	C0402112
27768063	920	925	BSL-4	T170	C1443939
27768063	926	934	projects	T062	C0700032
27768063	958	968	challenges	T033	C0033213
27768063	969	984	associated with	T080	C0332281
27768063	985	990	BSL-4	T170	C1443939
27768063	991	999	research	T062	C0035168
27768063	1017	1029	experimental	T080	C1517586
27768063	1030	1039	technical	T169	C0449851
27768063	1040	1051	limitations	T169	C0449295
27768063	1055	1060	BSL-4	T170	C1443939
27768063	1061	1071	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	1072	1077	space	T082	C1883067
27768063	1086	1095	increased	T081	C0205217
27768063	1096	1104	duration	T079	C0449238
27768063	1113	1124	experiments	T062	C0681814
27768063	1140	1148	entering	T169	C0205245
27768063	1153	1160	exiting	T169	C0205245
27768063	1165	1170	BSL-4	T170	C1443939
27768063	1171	1188	suit laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	1211	1218	complex	T080	C0439855
27768063	1223	1237	time-consuming	T080	C3827829
27768063	1238	1246	compared	T052	C1707455
27768063	1250	1255	BSL-2	T170	C1443937
27768063	1260	1265	BSL-3	T170	C1443938
27768063	1266	1278	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	1309	1316	article	T170	C1706852
27768063	1323	1330	address	T170	C0376649
27768063	1337	1346	biosafety	T068	C0036043
27768063	1347	1355	concerns	T078	C2699424
27768063	1373	1401	entrance and exit procedures	T170	C0442711
27768063	1410	1415	BSL-4	T170	C1443939
27768063	1416	1426	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	1434	1437	NIH	T093	C0027468
27768063	1440	1445	NIAID	T093	C1513895
27768063	1446	1474	Integrated Research Facility	T073	C0598009
27768063	1497	1507	procedures	T170	C0442711
27768063	1559	1564	BSL-4	T170	C1443939
27768063	1565	1575	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	1604	1627	positive-pressure suits	T073	C0376610
27768063	1642	1652	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	1669	1681	air pressure	T070	C0001876
27768063	1684	1693	resistant	T169	C0332325
27768063	1694	1699	doors	T073	C0557698
27768063	1719	1735	air-supply hoses	T074	C0181222
27768063	1758	1764	moving	T040	C0560560
27768063	1776	1783	exiting	T169	C0205245
27768063	1788	1793	BSL-4	T170	C1443939
27768063	1794	1811	suit laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27768063	1833	1841	chemical	T103	C0220806
27768063	1842	1848	shower	T073	C0541748
27768063	1853	1861	removing	T052	C1883720
27768063	1866	1873	storing	T169	C1698986
27768063	1874	1897	positive-pressure suits	T073	C0376610

27768206|t|Straight configuration saphenous vein transposition to popliteal artery for vascular access
27768206|a|The saphenous vein is commonly used as a vascular graft in peripheral artery surgery but rarely used for vascular access. The literature on straight configuration saphenous vein transposition to the popliteal artery is scarce. Here we present two cases of straight configuration saphenous vein transposition to the popliteal artery for vascular access, the surgical technique and respective follow-up. Two young men, aged 29 and 36 years, were chosen for lower-limb vascular access for hemodialysis. The first patient was paraplegic since birth. He used his arms to move so upper extremity vascular access was avoided. The second patient presented with an infected upper extremity arteriovenous graft (AVG) and after multiple closed AVFs he had no more available arm veins. Both patients received autologous lower extremity straight configuration saphenous vein transpositions to the popliteal artery under spinal anesthesia in May and October 2012, respectively. Cannulation of the fistula was allowed after one month. There were no early complications. Slight swelling on the leg appeared in one of the patients. Both fistulas were still functional after 36 and 32 months, respectively. The straight configuration saphenous vein transposition to popliteal artery is simple to perform, offers a long and straight segment for cannulation and may be a suitable autologous vascular access in selected patients.
27768206	0	37	Straight configuration saphenous vein	T023	C0036186
27768206	38	51	transposition	T061	C1293442
27768206	55	71	popliteal artery	T023	C0032649
27768206	76	91	vascular access	T074	C0750138
27768206	96	110	saphenous vein	T023	C0036186
27768206	133	147	vascular graft	T023	C0740038
27768206	151	168	peripheral artery	T023	C0489868
27768206	169	176	surgery	T061	C0543467
27768206	181	187	rarely	T080	C0522498
27768206	197	212	vascular access	T074	C0750138
27768206	218	228	literature	T170	C0023866
27768206	232	269	straight configuration saphenous vein	T023	C0036186
27768206	270	283	transposition	T061	C1293442
27768206	291	307	popliteal artery	T023	C0032649
27768206	311	317	scarce	T080	C0522498
27768206	348	385	straight configuration saphenous vein	T023	C0036186
27768206	386	399	transposition	T061	C1293442
27768206	407	423	popliteal artery	T023	C0032649
27768206	428	443	vascular access	T074	C0750138
27768206	449	467	surgical technique	T060	C0011918
27768206	483	492	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27768206	498	503	young	T100	C0238598
27768206	504	507	men	T098	C0025266
27768206	524	529	years	T079	C0439234
27768206	547	573	lower-limb vascular access	T061	C0457913
27768206	578	590	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27768206	602	609	patient	T101	C0030705
27768206	614	624	paraplegic	T047	C0030486
27768206	666	697	upper extremity vascular access	UnknownType	C0749854
27768206	722	729	patient	T101	C0030705
27768206	748	756	infected	T033	C0439663
27768206	757	792	upper extremity arteriovenous graft	UnknownType	C0749781
27768206	793	797	(AVG	UnknownType	C0749781
27768206	818	824	closed	T169	C0587267
27768206	825	829	AVFs	T190	C0003855
27768206	855	864	arm veins	T023	C0042449
27768206	871	879	patients	T101	C0030705
27768206	880	888	received	T080	C1514756
27768206	889	899	autologous	T080	C0439859
27768206	900	915	lower extremity	T023	C4266545
27768206	916	953	straight configuration saphenous vein	T023	C0036186
27768206	954	968	transpositions	T061	C1293442
27768206	976	992	popliteal artery	T023	C0032649
27768206	999	1016	spinal anesthesia	T061	C0002928
27768206	1056	1067	Cannulation	T061	C0917707
27768206	1075	1082	fistula	T190	C0080304
27768206	1105	1110	month	T079	C0439231
27768206	1123	1145	no early complications	T184	C0231243
27768206	1147	1162	Slight swelling	T033	C0038999
27768206	1170	1173	leg	T023	C1140621
27768206	1174	1182	appeared	T080	C0700364
27768206	1197	1205	patients	T101	C0030705
27768206	1212	1220	fistulas	T190	C0080304
27768206	1232	1242	functional	T169	C0205245
27768206	1259	1265	months	T079	C0439231
27768206	1285	1322	straight configuration saphenous vein	T023	C0036186
27768206	1323	1336	transposition	T061	C1293442
27768206	1340	1356	popliteal artery	T023	C0032649
27768206	1388	1413	long and straight segment	T082	C0441635
27768206	1418	1429	cannulation	T061	C0917707
27768206	1452	1462	autologous	T080	C0439859
27768206	1463	1478	vascular access	T074	C0750138
27768206	1491	1499	patients	T101	C0030705

27768229|t|Higher copeptin levels are associated with worse outcome in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
27768229|a|Correlation of increased copeptin levels with various cardiovascular diseases has been described. The clinical use of copeptin levels in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has not been investigated before. In this study, we aimed to investigate the prognostic value of copeptin levels in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). HCM was defined as presence of left ventricular wall thickness ≥15 mm in a subject without any concomitant disease that may cause left ventricular hypertrophy. Levels of copeptin and plasma N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were evaluated prospectively in 24 obstructive HCM patients, 36 nonobstructive HCM patients, and 36 age - and sex - matched control subjects. Blood samples were collected in the morning between 7 and 9 am after overnight fasting. Patients were followed for 24 months. Hospitalization with diagnosis of heart failure / arrhythmia, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation, and cardiac mortality were accepted as adverse cardiac events. Copeptin and NT-proBNP levels were higher in the HCM group compared with controls (14.1 vs 8.4 pmol/L, P < 0.01; and 383 vs 44 pg/mL, P < 0.01, respectively). Copeptin and NT-proBNP levels were higher in the obstructive HCM subgroup compared with the nonobstructive HCM subgroup (18.3 vs 13.1 pmol/L, P < 0.01; and 717 vs 223 pg/mL, P < 0.01, respectively). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, copeptin and NT-proBNP levels remained as independent predictors of heart failure (P < 0.01 for both) and adverse cardiac events (P < 0.01 for both). Copeptin and NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in patients with obstructive HCM, and higher levels were associated with worse outcome.
27768229	0	6	Higher	T080	C0205250
27768229	7	15	copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27768229	16	22	levels	T080	C0441889
27768229	27	42	associated with	T080	C0332281
27768229	43	48	worse	T080	C0332271
27768229	49	56	outcome	T169	C1274040
27768229	60	68	patients	T101	C0030705
27768229	74	101	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27768229	102	113	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27768229	117	126	increased	T081	C0205217
27768229	127	135	copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27768229	136	142	levels	T080	C0441889
27768229	156	179	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
27768229	189	198	described	T078	C1552738
27768229	204	212	clinical	T080	C0205210
27768229	213	216	use	T169	C1524063
27768229	220	228	copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27768229	229	235	levels	T080	C0441889
27768229	239	247	patients	T101	C0030705
27768229	253	280	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27768229	282	285	HCM	T047	C0007194
27768229	329	334	study	T062	C2603343
27768229	348	359	investigate	T169	C1292732
27768229	364	380	prognostic value	T184	C1511887
27768229	384	392	copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27768229	393	399	levels	T080	C0441889
27768229	403	411	patients	T101	C0030705
27768229	417	444	hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27768229	446	449	HCM	T047	C0007194
27768229	452	455	HCM	T047	C0007194
27768229	483	514	left ventricular wall thickness	T034	C0455826
27768229	527	534	subject	T098	C0080105
27768229	535	542	without	T080	C0332288
27768229	547	566	concomitant disease	T046	C0243087
27768229	576	581	cause	T169	C0015127
27768229	582	610	left ventricular hypertrophy	T047	C0149721
27768229	612	618	Levels	T080	C0441889
27768229	622	630	copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27768229	635	681	plasma N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide	T059	C4066092
27768229	683	692	NT-proBNP	T059	C4066092
27768229	729	740	obstructive	T169	C0549186
27768229	741	744	HCM	T047	C0007194
27768229	745	753	patients	T101	C0030705
27768229	758	772	nonobstructive	T169	C0205304
27768229	773	776	HCM	T047	C0007194
27768229	777	785	patients	T101	C0030705
27768229	794	797	age	T032	C0001779
27768229	804	807	sex	T032	C1522384
27768229	810	817	matched	T080	C1708943
27768229	818	834	control subjects	T096	C0009932
27768229	836	849	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
27768229	855	864	collected	T169	C1516698
27768229	872	879	morning	T079	C0332170
27768229	899	904	after	T079	C0687676
27768229	905	914	overnight	T079	C0439583
27768229	915	922	fasting	T033	C0015663
27768229	924	932	Patients	T101	C0030705
27768229	938	946	followed	T079	C0332283
27768229	954	960	months	T079	C0439231
27768229	962	977	Hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27768229	983	992	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27768229	996	1009	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27768229	1012	1022	arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
27768229	1024	1062	implantable cardioverter-defibrillator	T074	C0162589
27768229	1063	1075	implantation	T061	C0021107
27768229	1081	1098	cardiac mortality	T081	C0205848
27768229	1104	1112	accepted	T080	C1272684
27768229	1116	1138	adverse cardiac events	T046	C1560249
27768229	1140	1148	Copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27768229	1153	1162	NT-proBNP	T059	C4066092
27768229	1163	1169	levels	T080	C0441889
27768229	1175	1181	higher	T080	C0205250
27768229	1189	1192	HCM	T047	C0007194
27768229	1193	1198	group	T078	C0441833
27768229	1199	1207	compared	T052	C1707455
27768229	1213	1221	controls	T096	C0009932
27768229	1299	1307	Copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27768229	1312	1321	NT-proBNP	T059	C4066092
27768229	1322	1328	levels	T080	C0441889
27768229	1334	1340	higher	T080	C0205250
27768229	1348	1359	obstructive	T169	C0549186
27768229	1360	1363	HCM	T047	C0007194
27768229	1364	1372	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27768229	1373	1381	compared	T052	C1707455
27768229	1391	1405	nonobstructive	T169	C0205304
27768229	1406	1409	HCM	T047	C0007194
27768229	1410	1418	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27768229	1515	1543	logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27768229	1545	1553	copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27768229	1558	1567	NT-proBNP	T059	C4066092
27768229	1568	1574	levels	T080	C0441889
27768229	1587	1598	independent	T169	C0332291
27768229	1599	1609	predictors	T078	C2698872
27768229	1613	1626	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27768229	1651	1673	adverse cardiac events	T046	C1560249
27768229	1695	1703	Copeptin	T116,T123	C3489439
27768229	1708	1717	NT-proBNP	T059	C4066092
27768229	1718	1724	levels	T080	C0441889
27768229	1744	1750	higher	T080	C0205250
27768229	1754	1762	patients	T101	C0030705
27768229	1768	1779	obstructive	T169	C0549186
27768229	1780	1783	HCM	T047	C0007194
27768229	1789	1795	higher	T080	C0205250
27768229	1796	1802	levels	T080	C0441889
27768229	1808	1823	associated with	T080	C0332281
27768229	1824	1829	worse	T080	C0332271
27768229	1830	1837	outcome	T169	C1274040

27768380|t|Inhibited Temperament and Hippocampal Volume in Offspring of Parents with Bipolar Disorder
27768380|a|Prior studies have suggested that inhibited temperament may be associated with an increased risk for developing anxiety or mood disorder, including bipolar disorder. However, the neurobiological basis for this increased risk is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine temperament in symptomatic and asymptomatic child offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (OBD) and to investigate whether inhibited temperament is associated with aberrant hippocampal volumes compared with healthy control (HC) youth. The OBD group consisted of 45 youth, 24 of whom had current psychiatric symptoms (OBD(+)s) and 21 without any psychiatric symptoms (OBD(-)s), and were compared with 24 HC youth. Temperament characteristics were measured by using the Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure hippocampal volumes. The association between temperament and hippocampal volumes was tested by using multiple regression analysis. Compared with the OBD(-)s group, the OBD(+)s group had significantly more inhibited temperament traits, less flexibility, more negative mood, and less regular rhythm in their daily routines. In contrast, the OBD(-)s group was more likely to approach novel situations compared with OBD(+)s or HC groups. Within the OBD(+)s group, a more inhibited temperament was associated with smaller right hippocampal volumes. In this study, symptomatic OBD were characterized by an inhibited temperament that was inversely correlated with hippocampal volume. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether inverse correlations between hippocampal volume and inhibited temperament represent early markers of risk for later developing bipolar disorder.
27768380	0	9	Inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	10	21	Temperament	T041	C0039474
27768380	26	37	Hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27768380	38	44	Volume	T081	C1113695
27768380	48	57	Offspring	T099	C0680063
27768380	61	68	Parents	T099	C0030551
27768380	74	90	Bipolar Disorder	T048	C0005586
27768380	110	119	suggested	T078	C1705535
27768380	125	134	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	135	146	temperament	T041	C0039474
27768380	154	169	associated with	T080	C0332281
27768380	173	182	increased	T081	C0205217
27768380	183	187	risk	T078	C0035647
27768380	203	210	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27768380	214	227	mood disorder	T048	C0525045
27768380	239	255	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
27768380	301	310	increased	T081	C0205217
27768380	311	315	risk	T078	C0035647
27768380	319	326	unknown	T080	C0439673
27768380	357	364	examine	T033	C0332128
27768380	365	376	temperament	T041	C0039474
27768380	380	391	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27768380	396	408	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27768380	409	414	child	T100	C0008059
27768380	415	424	offspring	T099	C0680063
27768380	428	435	parents	T099	C0030551
27768380	441	457	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
27768380	459	462	OBD	T048	C0005586
27768380	471	482	investigate	T169	C1292732
27768380	491	500	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	491	500	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	501	512	temperament	T041	C0039474
27768380	516	531	associated with	T080	C0332281
27768380	532	540	aberrant	T080	C0443127
27768380	541	552	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27768380	553	560	volumes	T081	C1113695
27768380	561	569	compared	T052	C1707455
27768380	575	590	healthy control	T080	C2986479
27768380	592	594	HC	T080	C2986479
27768380	596	601	youth	T100	C0087178
27768380	607	610	OBD	T048	C0005586
27768380	611	616	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27768380	633	638	youth	T100	C0087178
27768380	655	662	current	T079	C0521116
27768380	663	683	psychiatric symptoms	T184	C0233401
27768380	684	693	(OBD(+)s)	T048	C0005586
27768380	701	708	without	T080	C0332288
27768380	713	733	psychiatric symptoms	T184	C0233401
27768380	754	762	compared	T052	C1707455
27768380	771	773	HC	T080	C2986479
27768380	774	779	youth	T100	C0087178
27768380	781	792	Temperament	T041	C0039474
27768380	793	808	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27768380	814	822	measured	T080	C0444706
27768380	836	876	Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey	T060	C0430022
27768380	878	904	Magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27768380	917	924	measure	T081	C0079809
27768380	925	936	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27768380	937	944	volumes	T081	C1113695
27768380	950	961	association	T080	C0439849
27768380	970	981	temperament	T041	C0039474
27768380	986	997	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27768380	998	1005	volumes	T081	C1113695
27768380	1010	1016	tested	T169	C0039593
27768380	1026	1054	multiple regression analysis	T080	C0681923
27768380	1056	1064	Compared	T052	C1707455
27768380	1074	1087	OBD(-)s group	UnknownType	C0681860
27768380	1093	1100	OBD(+)s	T048	C0005586
27768380	1101	1106	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27768380	1111	1129	significantly more	T081	C4055637
27768380	1130	1139	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	1130	1139	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	1140	1151	temperament	T041	C0039474
27768380	1152	1158	traits	T032	C0599883
27768380	1160	1164	less	T080	C0547044
27768380	1165	1176	flexibility	T080	C0443220
27768380	1178	1182	more	T081	C0205172
27768380	1183	1191	negative	T033	C0205160
27768380	1192	1196	mood	T041	C0026516
27768380	1202	1206	less	T080	C0547044
27768380	1207	1214	regular	T080	C0205272
27768380	1215	1221	rhythm	T033	C0871269
27768380	1231	1236	daily	T079	C0332173
27768380	1237	1245	routines	T080	C0205547
27768380	1264	1277	OBD(-)s group	UnknownType	C0681860
27768380	1306	1311	novel	T080	C0205314
27768380	1312	1322	situations	T080	C0348080
27768380	1323	1331	compared	T052	C1707455
27768380	1337	1344	OBD(+)s	T048	C0005586
27768380	1348	1350	HC	T080	C2986479
27768380	1351	1357	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27768380	1370	1377	OBD(+)s	T048	C0005586
27768380	1378	1383	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27768380	1392	1401	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	1392	1401	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	1402	1413	temperament	T041	C0039474
27768380	1418	1433	associated with	T080	C0332281
27768380	1442	1447	right	T082	C0444532
27768380	1448	1459	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27768380	1460	1467	volumes	T081	C1113695
27768380	1484	1495	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27768380	1496	1499	OBD	T048	C0005586
27768380	1505	1518	characterized	T052	C1880022
27768380	1525	1534	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	1525	1534	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	1535	1546	temperament	T041	C0039474
27768380	1556	1565	inversely	T080	C0439850
27768380	1566	1576	correlated	T080	C1707520
27768380	1582	1593	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27768380	1594	1600	volume	T081	C1113695
27768380	1613	1633	longitudinal studies	T062	C0023981
27768380	1638	1644	needed	T080	C0027552
27768380	1666	1673	inverse	T080	C0439850
27768380	1674	1686	correlations	T080	C1707520
27768380	1695	1706	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27768380	1707	1713	volume	T081	C1113695
27768380	1718	1727	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	1718	1727	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27768380	1728	1739	temperament	T041	C0039474
27768380	1756	1763	markers	T201	C0005516
27768380	1767	1771	risk	T078	C0035647
27768380	1793	1809	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586

27768391|t|Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs17611 of Complement Component 5 Shows Association with Ischemic Stroke in Northeast Chinese Population
27768391|a|Complement component 5 (C5) has been described to play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to determine whether genetic variation of C5 was associated with ischemic stroke (IS) in northeast Chinese population. We used a case-control study involving 386 IS patients and 386 non-IS controls from a rural population and determined the genotypes of five polymorphisms (rs12237774, rs17611, rs4837805, rs7026551, and rs1017119) of C5 gene by Snapshot single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays to assess any links with IS. In univariate analysis, rs17611 was significantly associated with IS in the additive model, the dominant model, and recessive model (additive p 0.031, dominant p 0.034, and recessive p 0.027). After adjustment for Binary Logistic Regression, rs17611 polymorphism was still significant in three models (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.306, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.069-1.595, p-value = 0.009 in an additive model; OR = 1.378, 95% CI = 1.024-1.856, p-value = 0.035 in a dominant model; and OR = 1.511, 95% CI = 1.048-2.18, p-value = 0.027 in a recessive model). In this sample of patients, genetic variation of rs17611 in C5 is associated with higher prevalence of IS.
27768391	0	30	Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27768391	31	38	rs17611	T086	C0752046
27768391	42	64	Complement Component 5	T028	C1367710
27768391	88	103	Ischemic Stroke	T047	C0948008
27768391	107	135	Northeast Chinese Population	T098	C0152035
27768391	136	158	Complement component 5	T116,T129	C0009519
27768391	160	162	C5	T116,T129	C0009519
27768391	216	227	development	T169	C1527148
27768391	232	243	progression	T046	C0242656
27768391	247	262	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27768391	267	289	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27768391	295	298	aim	T078	C1947946
27768391	324	341	genetic variation	T070	C0042333
27768391	345	347	C5	T028	C1367710
27768391	368	383	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27768391	385	387	IS	T047	C0948008
27768391	392	420	northeast Chinese population	T098	C0152035
27768391	432	450	case-control study	T062	C0007328
27768391	465	467	IS	T047	C0948008
27768391	468	476	patients	T101	C0030705
27768391	485	491	non-IS	T080	C3898900
27768391	492	500	controls	T096	C0009932
27768391	508	524	rural population	T098	C0035962
27768391	544	553	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27768391	562	575	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
27768391	577	587	rs12237774	T086	C0752046
27768391	589	596	rs17611	T086	C0752046
27768391	598	607	rs4837805	T086	C0752046
27768391	609	618	rs7026551	T086	C0752046
27768391	624	633	rs1017119	T086	C0752046
27768391	638	645	C5 gene	T028	C1367710
27768391	658	706	single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays	T059	C1285573
27768391	710	716	assess	T052	C1516048
27768391	732	734	IS	T047	C0948008
27768391	739	758	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
27768391	760	767	rs17611	T086	C0752046
27768391	772	785	significantly	T078	C0750502
27768391	802	804	IS	T047	C0948008
27768391	812	826	additive model	T170	C0026343
27768391	832	846	dominant model	T170	C0026343
27768391	852	867	recessive model	T170	C0026343
27768391	869	885	additive p 0.031	T170	C0026343
27768391	887	903	dominant p 0.034	T170	C0026343
27768391	909	926	recessive p 0.027	T170	C0026343
27768391	950	976	Binary Logistic Regression	T062	C0206031
27768391	978	998	rs17611 polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27768391	1047	1057	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27768391	1059	1061	OR	T081	C0028873
27768391	1076	1095	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27768391	1097	1099	CI	T081	C0009667
27768391	1116	1123	p-value	T081	C1709380
27768391	1138	1152	additive model	T170	C0026343
27768391	1154	1156	OR	T081	C0028873
27768391	1170	1172	CI	T081	C0009667
27768391	1188	1195	p-value	T081	C1709380
27768391	1209	1223	dominant model	T170	C0026343
27768391	1229	1231	OR	T081	C0028873
27768391	1245	1247	CI	T081	C0009667
27768391	1262	1269	p-value	T081	C1709380
27768391	1283	1298	recessive model	T170	C0026343
27768391	1309	1315	sample	T167	C0370003
27768391	1319	1327	patients	T101	C0030705
27768391	1329	1346	genetic variation	T070	C0042333
27768391	1350	1357	rs17611	T086	C0752046
27768391	1361	1363	C5	T028	C1367710
27768391	1390	1400	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27768391	1404	1406	IS	T047	C0948008

27768522|t|Masters Athletes: Exemplars of Successful Aging?
27768522|a|Global population aging has raised academic interest in successful aging to a public policy priority. Currently there is no consensus regarding the definition of successful aging. However, a synthesis of research shows successful aging can be defined as a late-life process of change characterized by high physical, psychological, cognitive, and social functioning. Masters athletes systematically train for, and compete in, organized forms of team and individual sport specifically designed for older adults. Masters athletes are often proposed as exemplars of successful aging. However, their aging status has never been examined using a comprehensive multidimensional successful aging definition. Here, we examine the successful aging literature, propose a successful aging definition based on this literature, present evidence which suggests masters athletes could be considered exemplars of successful aging according to the proposed definition, and list future experimental research directions.
27768522	0	16	Masters Athletes	T097	C0682271
27768522	31	47	Successful Aging	T040	C0001811
27768522	49	66	Global population	T098	C1257890
27768522	67	72	aging	T040	C0001811
27768522	77	101	raised academic interest	T033	C0243095
27768522	105	121	successful aging	T040	C0001811
27768522	127	140	public policy	T064	C0034033
27768522	173	182	consensus	T054	C0376298
27768522	211	227	successful aging	T040	C0001811
27768522	268	284	successful aging	T040	C0001811
27768522	305	332	late-life process of change	T048	C0233441
27768522	350	363	high physical	T033	C0516981
27768522	365	378	psychological	T041	C0233398
27768522	380	389	cognitive	T041	C0392335
27768522	395	413	social functioning	T054	C0037395
27768522	415	431	Masters athletes	T097	C0682271
27768522	432	452	systematically train	T080	C2673163
27768522	462	472	compete in	T054	C0679932
27768522	474	497	organized forms of team	T096	C0871489
27768522	502	518	individual sport	T056	C0681652
27768522	545	557	older adults	T098	C0001792
27768522	559	575	Masters athletes	T097	C0682271
27768522	611	627	successful aging	T040	C0001811
27768522	644	656	aging status	T033	C0518170
27768522	689	702	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27768522	703	719	multidimensional	T082	C2347299
27768522	720	736	successful aging	T040	C0001811
27768522	770	797	successful aging literature	T170	C0023866
27768522	809	825	successful aging	T040	C0001811
27768522	851	861	literature	T170	C0023866
27768522	895	911	masters athletes	T097	C0682271
27768522	945	961	successful aging	T040	C0001811
27768522	1016	1037	experimental research	T062	C0681814

27768715|t|Functional and Structural Characterization of Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase from Kluyveromyces lactis and Its Potential Applications in Reducing Purine Content in Food
27768715|a|Consumption of foods and beverages with high purine content increases the risk of hyperuricemia, which causes gout and can lead to cardiovascular, renal, and other metabolic disorders. As patients often find dietary restrictions challenging, enzymatically lowering purine content in popular foods and beverages offers a safe and attractive strategy to control hyperuricemia. Here, we report structurally and functionally characterized purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) from Kluyveromyces lactis (KlacPNP), a key enzyme involved in the purine degradation pathway. We report a 1.97 Å resolution crystal structure of homotrimeric KlacPNP with an intrinsically bound hypoxanthine in the active site. KlacPNP belongs to the nucleoside phosphorylase-I (NP-I) family, and it specifically utilizes 6-oxopurine substrates in the following order: inosine > guanosine > xanthosine, but is inactive towards adenosine. To engineer enzymes with broad substrate specificity, we created two point variants, KlacPNPN256D and KlacPNPN256E, by replacing the catalytically active Asn256 with Asp and Glu, respectively, based on structural and comparative sequence analysis. KlacPNPN256D not only displayed broad substrate specificity by utilizing both 6-oxopurines and 6-aminopurines in the order adenosine > inosine > xanthosine > guanosine, but also displayed reversal of substrate specificity. In contrast, KlacPNPN256E was highly specific to inosine and could not utilize other tested substrates. Beer consumption is associated with increased risk of developing gout, owing to its high purine content. Here, we demonstrate that KlacPNP and KlacPNPN256D could be used to catalyze a key reaction involved in lowering beer purine content. Biochemical properties of these enzymes such as activity across a wide pH range, optimum activity at about 25°C, and stability for months at about 8°C, make them suitable candidates for food and beverage industries. Since KlacPNPN256D has broad substrate specificity, a combination of engineered KlacPNP and other enzymes involved in purine degradation could effectively lower the purine content in foods and beverages.
27768715	0	10	Functional	T169	C0205245
27768715	15	25	Structural	T082	C0678594
27768715	26	42	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27768715	46	77	Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	83	103	Kluyveromyces lactis	T004	C0446021
27768715	138	146	Reducing	T080	C0392756
27768715	147	153	Purine	T109	C0220903
27768715	154	161	Content	T081	C1446561
27768715	165	169	Food	T168	C0016452
27768715	170	181	Consumption	T039	C1947907
27768715	185	190	foods	T168	C0016452
27768715	195	204	beverages	T168	C0005329
27768715	215	221	purine	T109	C0220903
27768715	222	229	content	T081	C1446561
27768715	244	248	risk	T078	C0035647
27768715	252	265	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
27768715	280	284	gout	T047	C0018099
27768715	301	315	cardiovascular	T047	C0007222
27768715	317	322	renal	T047	C0022658
27768715	334	353	metabolic disorders	T047	C0025517
27768715	358	366	patients	T101	C0030705
27768715	378	398	dietary restrictions	T033	C0425422
27768715	399	410	challenging	T080	C0332218
27768715	412	425	enzymatically	T044	C1511131
27768715	435	441	purine	T109	C0220903
27768715	442	449	content	T081	C1446561
27768715	461	466	foods	T168	C0016452
27768715	471	480	beverages	T168	C0005329
27768715	522	529	control	T080	C0243148
27768715	530	543	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
27768715	561	573	structurally	T082	C0678594
27768715	578	590	functionally	T169	C0205245
27768715	591	604	characterized	T052	C1880022
27768715	605	636	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	638	641	PNP	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	648	668	Kluyveromyces lactis	T004	C0446021
27768715	670	677	KlacPNP	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	686	692	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27768715	709	735	purine degradation pathway	T169	C0920640
27768715	767	784	crystal structure	T104	C0444626
27768715	788	800	homotrimeric	T044	C2610862
27768715	801	808	KlacPNP	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	817	830	intrinsically	T082	C0205102
27768715	831	836	bound	T044	C1167622
27768715	837	849	hypoxanthine	T109,T123	C0020684
27768715	857	868	active site	T169	C0205681
27768715	870	877	KlacPNP	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	893	919	nucleoside phosphorylase-I	T116,T126	C0133234
27768715	921	925	NP-I	T116,T126	C0133234
27768715	964	986	6-oxopurine substrates	T109	C0034140
27768715	1011	1018	inosine	T114,T121	C0021528
27768715	1021	1030	guanosine	T114,T121	C0018330
27768715	1033	1043	xanthosine	T114	C0078606
27768715	1052	1060	inactive	T080	C1295728
27768715	1069	1078	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27768715	1083	1099	engineer enzymes	T116	C0034861
27768715	1111	1132	substrate specificity	T081	C0038592
27768715	1155	1163	variants	T080	C0205419
27768715	1165	1177	KlacPNPN256D	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	1182	1194	KlacPNPN256E	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	1213	1226	catalytically	T067	C0175921
27768715	1227	1233	active	T169	C0205177
27768715	1234	1240	Asn256	T116,T123	C0003995
27768715	1246	1249	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
27768715	1254	1257	Glu	T116,T123	C0220839
27768715	1282	1292	structural	T082	C0678594
27768715	1297	1308	comparative	T062	C0683941
27768715	1309	1326	sequence analysis	T059,T063	C0751970
27768715	1328	1340	KlacPNPN256D	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	1366	1387	substrate specificity	T081	C0038592
27768715	1406	1418	6-oxopurines	T109	C0034140
27768715	1423	1437	6-aminopurines	T109	C0034140
27768715	1451	1460	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27768715	1463	1470	inosine	T114,T121	C0021528
27768715	1473	1483	xanthosine	T114	C0078606
27768715	1486	1495	guanosine	T114,T121	C0018330
27768715	1516	1524	reversal	T169	C0443290
27768715	1528	1549	substrate specificity	T081	C0038592
27768715	1564	1576	KlacPNPN256E	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	1600	1607	inosine	T114,T121	C0021528
27768715	1643	1653	substrates	T167	C3891814
27768715	1655	1671	Beer consumption	T033	C2107808
27768715	1701	1705	risk	T078	C0035647
27768715	1720	1724	gout	T047	C0018099
27768715	1744	1750	purine	T109	C0220903
27768715	1751	1758	content	T081	C1446561
27768715	1786	1793	KlacPNP	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	1798	1810	KlacPNPN256D	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	1828	1836	catalyze	T067	C0175921
27768715	1843	1851	reaction	T044	C1511131
27768715	1864	1872	lowering	T052	C2003888
27768715	1873	1877	beer	T168	C0004922
27768715	1878	1884	purine	T109	C0220903
27768715	1885	1892	content	T081	C1446561
27768715	1894	1916	Biochemical properties	T080	C0243123
27768715	1926	1933	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27768715	1942	1950	activity	T044	C0243102
27768715	1965	1973	pH range	T081	C0020283
27768715	1975	1982	optimum	T080	C2698651
27768715	1983	1991	activity	T044	C0243102
27768715	2001	2005	25°C	T081	C0039476
27768715	2080	2084	food	T057	C0524863
27768715	2089	2108	beverage industries	UnknownType	C0682030
27768715	2116	2128	KlacPNPN256D	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	2139	2160	substrate specificity	T081	C0038592
27768715	2179	2189	engineered	T116	C0034861
27768715	2190	2197	KlacPNP	T116,T126	C0034135
27768715	2208	2215	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27768715	2228	2246	purine degradation	T169	C0920640
27768715	2265	2270	lower	T052	C2003888
27768715	2275	2281	purine	T109	C0220903
27768715	2282	2289	content	T081	C1446561
27768715	2293	2298	foods	T168	C0016452
27768715	2303	2312	beverages	T168	C0005329

27768814|t|Non-specific transient mutualism between the plant parasitic nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and the opportunistic bacterium Serratia quinivorans BXF1, a plant-growth promoting pine endophyte with antagonistic effects
27768814|a|The aim of this study is to understand the biological role of Serratia quinivorans BXF1, a bacterium commonly found associated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the plant parasitic nematode responsible for pine wilt disease. Therefore, we studied strain BXF1 effect in pine wilt disease. We found that strain BXF1 promoted in vitro nematode reproduction. Moreover, the presence of bacteria led to the absence of nematode chitinase gene (Bxcht-1) expression, suggesting an effect for bacterial chitinase in nematode reproduction. Nevertheless, strain BXF1 was unable to colonize the nematode interior, bind to its cuticle with high affinity or protect the nematode from xenobiotic stress. Interestingly, strain BXF1 was able to promote tomato and pine plant-growth, as well as to colonize its interior, thus, acting like a plant-growth promoting endophyte. Consequently, strain BXF1 failed to induce wilting symptoms when inoculated in pine shoot artificial incisions. This bacterium also presented strong antagonistic activities against fungi and bacteria isolated from Pinus pinaster. Our results suggest that B. xylophilus does not possess a strict symbiotic community capable of inducing pine wilt disease symptoms as previously hypothesized. We show that bacteria like BXF1, which possess plant-growth promoting and antagonistic effects, may be opportunistically associated with B. xylophilus, possibly acquired from the bacterial endophytic community of the host pine.
27768814	23	32	mutualism	T070	C0599514
27768814	45	69	plant parasitic nematode	T204	C0321773
27768814	71	97	Bursaphelenchus xylophilus	T204	C0997987
27768814	121	130	bacterium	T007	C0004611
27768814	131	156	Serratia quinivorans BXF1	T007	C0445754
27768814	160	172	plant-growth	T040	C0597252
27768814	183	187	pine	T002	C0330186
27768814	188	197	endophyte	T004	C1265415
27768814	203	215	antagonistic	T120	C0243076
27768814	216	223	effects	T080	C1280500
27768814	240	245	study	T062	C2603343
27768814	286	311	Serratia quinivorans BXF1	T007	C0445754
27768814	315	324	bacterium	T007	C0004611
27768814	356	382	Bursaphelenchus xylophilus	T204	C0997987
27768814	388	412	plant parasitic nematode	T204	C0321773
27768814	429	433	pine	T002	C0330186
27768814	434	446	wilt disease	T047	C0032080
27768814	470	481	strain BXF1	T007	C0445754
27768814	492	496	pine	T002	C0330186
27768814	497	509	wilt disease	T047	C0032080
27768814	525	536	strain BXF1	T007	C0445754
27768814	546	554	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27768814	555	563	nematode	T204	C1704319
27768814	564	576	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27768814	604	612	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27768814	635	643	nematode	T204	C1704319
27768814	644	668	chitinase gene (Bxcht-1)	T028	C0017337
27768814	669	679	expression	T045	C0017262
27768814	706	715	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27768814	716	725	chitinase	T116,T126	C0008145
27768814	729	737	nematode	T204	C1704319
27768814	738	750	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27768814	766	777	strain BXF1	T007	C0445754
27768814	792	800	colonize	T033	C4289767
27768814	805	813	nematode	T204	C1704319
27768814	836	843	cuticle	T023	C0596796
27768814	878	886	nematode	T204	C1704319
27768814	892	902	xenobiotic	T123,T131	C0043335
27768814	903	909	stress	T046	C0449430
27768814	926	937	strain BXF1	T007	C0445754
27768814	958	964	tomato	T002	C0032098
27768814	969	973	pine	T002	C0330186
27768814	974	986	plant-growth	T040	C0597252
27768814	1002	1010	colonize	T033	C4289767
27768814	1045	1057	plant-growth	T040	C0597252
27768814	1068	1077	endophyte	T004	C1265415
27768814	1093	1104	strain BXF1	T007	C0445754
27768814	1122	1138	wilting symptoms	T184	C1457887
27768814	1158	1162	pine	T002	C0330186
27768814	1163	1168	shoot	T002	C2700376
27768814	1169	1189	artificial incisions	T169	C3496294
27768814	1196	1205	bacterium	T007	C0004611
27768814	1228	1240	antagonistic	T120	C0243076
27768814	1241	1251	activities	T052	C0441655
27768814	1260	1265	fungi	T004	C0016832
27768814	1270	1278	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27768814	1293	1307	Pinus pinaster	T002	C1028819
27768814	1334	1347	B. xylophilus	T204	C0997987
27768814	1374	1393	symbiotic community	T001	C0562641
27768814	1414	1418	pine	T002	C0330186
27768814	1419	1431	wilt disease	T047	C0032080
27768814	1432	1440	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27768814	1482	1490	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27768814	1496	1500	BXF1	T007	C0445754
27768814	1516	1528	plant-growth	T040	C0597252
27768814	1543	1555	antagonistic	T120	C0243076
27768814	1556	1563	effects	T080	C1280500
27768814	1606	1619	B. xylophilus	T204	C0997987
27768814	1648	1657	bacterial	T007	C0004611
27768814	1658	1678	endophytic community	T004	C1265415
27768814	1686	1690	host	T001	C1167395
27768814	1691	1695	pine	T002	C0330186

27769207|t|Neonatal outcomes in pregnancies resulting from oocyte donation: a cohort study in Sweden
27769207|a|Pregnancies resulting through oocyte donation have been associated with increased risk for adverse outcomes for the mother, such as gestational hypertensive disorders. However, little is known about possible neonatal complications of such pregnancies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neonatal health outcomes among singleton pregnancies in a population of relatively young and healthy oocyte recipients in Sweden, taking into account the medical indication leading to treatment. This cohort study involved 76 women conceiving with donated oocytes, 149 age - matched nulliparous women conceiving spontaneously and 63 women conceiving after non-donor IVF. Participants were recruited during 2005-2008 and followed up until delivery. Data on neonatal outcomes were retrieved from the National Birth Medical Register and the medical records of oocyte recipients from seven Swedish University Hospitals with IVF clinics. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association of mode of conception and neonatal outcomes, adjusted for maternal age and BMI, gestational age and delivery by cesarean section. Infants conceived through oocyte donation had higher odds for premature delivery [OR 2.36, 95 % CI (1.02-5.45)], for being small for gestational age [OR 4.23, 95 % CI (1.03-17.42)] and having Apgar score below 7 at 5 min [OR 10.57, 95 % CI (1.21-92.20)] compared to spontaneously conceived infants. Similar trends were observed when comparing infants conceived through oocyte donation to those conceived by traditional IVF. Furthermore, donor oocyte infants had a lower mean birthweight and length compared to autologous oocyte neonates (p = 0.013); however no differences were noted among infants born at term. Neonatal outcomes were more favorable among women with diminished ovarian reserve compared to those with other indication s for oocyte donation. Infants conceived after oocyte donation in Sweden have higher odds of being born prematurely and having lower mean birthweight in comparison to non-donor infants. It seems that these unfavorable neonatal outcomes are present despite the age, weight and health restrictions applied to recipients before oocyte donation treatment in Sweden.
27769207	0	8	Neonatal	T079	C2939425
27769207	9	17	outcomes	T033	C0032972
27769207	21	32	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27769207	33	42	resulting	T169	C1274040
27769207	48	63	oocyte donation	T061	C0242813
27769207	67	79	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27769207	83	89	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27769207	90	101	Pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27769207	102	111	resulting	T169	C1274040
27769207	120	135	oocyte donation	T061	C0242813
27769207	146	161	associated with	T080	C0332281
27769207	162	176	increased risk	T033	C0332167
27769207	181	188	adverse	T046	C0879626
27769207	189	197	outcomes	T033	C0032972
27769207	206	212	mother	T099	C0026591
27769207	222	256	gestational hypertensive disorders	T047	C0852036
27769207	289	297	possible	T033	C0332149
27769207	298	306	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27769207	307	320	complications	T046	C0009566
27769207	329	340	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27769207	346	353	purpose	T169	C1285529
27769207	362	367	study	T062	C2603343
27769207	375	383	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27769207	388	396	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27769207	397	403	health	T078	C0018684
27769207	404	412	outcomes	T033	C0032972
27769207	419	428	singleton	T099	C1313913
27769207	429	440	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27769207	446	456	population	T098	C1257890
27769207	471	476	young	T079	C0332239
27769207	481	488	healthy	T080	C3898900
27769207	489	495	oocyte	T025	C0029045
27769207	496	506	recipients	T098	C1709854
27769207	510	516	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27769207	530	537	account	T033	C0518609
27769207	542	549	medical	T169	C0205476
27769207	550	560	indication	T078	C3146298
27769207	572	581	treatment	T061	C0087111
27769207	588	600	cohort study	T081	C0009247
27769207	613	618	women	T098	C0043210
27769207	619	629	conceiving	T169	C0232908
27769207	635	650	donated oocytes	T025	C2599203
27769207	656	659	age	T032	C0001779
27769207	662	669	matched	T080	C1708943
27769207	670	687	nulliparous women	T033	C0425979
27769207	688	698	conceiving	T169	C0232908
27769207	699	712	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
27769207	720	725	women	T098	C0043210
27769207	726	736	conceiving	T169	C0232908
27769207	743	756	non-donor IVF	T061	C0015915
27769207	758	770	Participants	T098	C0679646
27769207	776	785	recruited	T052	C2949735
27769207	807	818	followed up	T058	C1522577
27769207	825	833	delivery	T040	C0005615
27769207	835	839	Data	T078	C1511726
27769207	843	851	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27769207	852	860	outcomes	T033	C0032972
27769207	866	875	retrieved	T169	C1301820
27769207	885	893	National	T092	C0015737
27769207	894	899	Birth	T040	C0005615
27769207	900	907	Medical	T169	C0205476
27769207	908	916	Register	T170	C0600375
27769207	925	940	medical records	T170	C0025102
27769207	944	950	oocyte	T025	C0029045
27769207	951	961	recipients	T098	C1709854
27769207	973	1001	Swedish University Hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27769207	1007	1010	IVF	T061	C0015915
27769207	1011	1018	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27769207	1020	1048	Logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
27769207	1054	1063	performed	T169	C0884358
27769207	1067	1074	examine	T033	C0332128
27769207	1079	1090	association	T080	C0439849
27769207	1094	1098	mode	T169	C1513371
27769207	1102	1112	conception	T040	C0009637
27769207	1117	1125	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27769207	1126	1134	outcomes	T033	C0032972
27769207	1136	1144	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27769207	1149	1161	maternal age	T079	C0024915
27769207	1166	1169	BMI	T201	C1305855
27769207	1171	1186	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27769207	1191	1199	delivery	T040	C0005615
27769207	1203	1219	cesarean section	T061	C0007876
27769207	1221	1228	Infants	T100	C0021270
27769207	1229	1238	conceived	T169	C0232908
27769207	1247	1262	oocyte donation	T061	C0242813
27769207	1267	1273	higher	T080	C0205250
27769207	1274	1278	odds	T081	C0033204
27769207	1283	1301	premature delivery	T033	C0151526
27769207	1344	1349	small	T081	C0700321
27769207	1354	1369	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27769207	1413	1424	Apgar score	T032	C0003533
27769207	1438	1441	min	T081	C1282918
27769207	1475	1483	compared	T052	C1707455
27769207	1487	1500	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
27769207	1501	1510	conceived	T169	C0232908
27769207	1511	1518	infants	T100	C0021270
27769207	1540	1548	observed	T169	C1441672
27769207	1554	1563	comparing	T052	C1707455
27769207	1564	1571	infants	T100	C0021270
27769207	1572	1581	conceived	T169	C0232908
27769207	1590	1605	oocyte donation	T061	C0242813
27769207	1615	1624	conceived	T169	C0232908
27769207	1628	1639	traditional	T061	C3650840
27769207	1640	1643	IVF	T061	C0015915
27769207	1658	1670	donor oocyte	T025	C2599203
27769207	1671	1678	infants	T100	C0021270
27769207	1685	1707	lower mean birthweight	T033	C0024032
27769207	1712	1718	length	T033	C0419415
27769207	1719	1727	compared	T052	C1707455
27769207	1731	1741	autologous	T080	C0439859
27769207	1742	1748	oocyte	T025	C0029045
27769207	1749	1757	neonates	T100	C0021289
27769207	1779	1793	no differences	T033	C3842396
27769207	1799	1804	noted	T169	C1441672
27769207	1811	1818	infants	T100	C0021270
27769207	1819	1831	born at term	T040	C0233324
27769207	1833	1841	Neonatal	T079	C2939425
27769207	1842	1850	outcomes	T033	C0032972
27769207	1877	1882	women	T098	C0043210
27769207	1888	1914	diminished ovarian reserve	T047	C3839507
27769207	1915	1923	compared	T052	C1707455
27769207	1944	1954	indication	T078	C3146298
27769207	1961	1976	oocyte donation	T061	C0242813
27769207	1978	1985	Infants	T100	C0021270
27769207	1986	1995	conceived	T169	C0232908
27769207	2002	2017	oocyte donation	T061	C0242813
27769207	2021	2027	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27769207	2033	2039	higher	T080	C0205250
27769207	2040	2044	odds	T081	C0033204
27769207	2054	2070	born prematurely	T033	C0233315
27769207	2082	2104	lower mean birthweight	T033	C0024032
27769207	2108	2118	comparison	T052	C1707455
27769207	2122	2139	non-donor infants	T100	C0021270
27769207	2161	2172	unfavorable	T046	C0879626
27769207	2173	2181	neonatal	T079	C2939425
27769207	2182	2190	outcomes	T033	C0032972
27769207	2195	2202	present	T033	C0150312
27769207	2215	2218	age	T032	C0001779
27769207	2220	2226	weight	T032	C0005910
27769207	2231	2237	health	T078	C0018684
27769207	2238	2250	restrictions	T169	C0443288
27769207	2262	2272	recipients	T098	C1709854
27769207	2280	2295	oocyte donation	T061	C0242813
27769207	2296	2305	treatment	T061	C0087111
27769207	2309	2315	Sweden	T083	C0038995

27769714|t|Ultradian glucocorticoid exposure directs gene -dependent and tissue-specific mRNA expression patterns in vivo
27769714|a|In this paper we report differential decoding of the ultradian corticosterone signal by glucocorticoid target tissues. Pulsatile corticosterone replacement in adrenalectomised rats resulted in different dynamics of Sgk1 mRNA production, with a distinct pulsatile mRNA induction profile observed in the pituitary in contrast to a non-pulsatile induction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We further report the first evidence for pulsatile transcriptional repression of a glucocorticoid - target gene in vivo, with pulsatile regulation of Pomc transcription in pituitary. We have explored a potential mechanism for differences in the induction dynamics of the same transcript (Sgk1) between the PFC and pituitary. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation profiles were strikingly different in pituitary and prefrontal cortex, with a significantly greater dynamic range and shorter duration of GR activity detected in the pituitary, consistent with the more pronounced gene pulsing effect observed. In the prefrontal cortex, expression of Gilz mRNA was also non-pulsatile and exhibited a significantly delayed timecourse of increase and decrease when compared to Sgk1, additionally highlighting gene - specific regulatory dynamics during ultradian glucocorticoid treatment.
27769714	0	9	Ultradian	T040	C1154378
27769714	10	24	glucocorticoid	T109,T125	C0017710
27769714	25	33	exposure	T080	C0332157
27769714	42	46	gene	T028	C0017337
27769714	62	77	tissue-specific	T024	C1955394
27769714	78	93	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27769714	94	102	patterns	T082	C0449774
27769714	103	110	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27769714	128	134	report	T170	C0684224
27769714	135	147	differential	T080	C1705242
27769714	148	156	decoding	T045	C0314627
27769714	164	173	ultradian	T040	C1154378
27769714	174	188	corticosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27769714	189	195	signal	T044	C0037080
27769714	199	213	glucocorticoid	T109,T125	C0017710
27769714	214	220	target	T169	C1521840
27769714	221	228	tissues	T024	C0040300
27769714	230	239	Pulsatile	T079	C0439606
27769714	240	254	corticosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0010124
27769714	255	266	replacement	T169	C0559956
27769714	270	286	adrenalectomised	T061	C0001632
27769714	287	291	rats	T015	C0034721
27769714	292	300	resulted	T169	C1274040
27769714	304	313	different	T080	C1705242
27769714	314	322	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27769714	326	330	Sgk1	T028	C1420010
27769714	331	335	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27769714	364	373	pulsatile	T079	C0439606
27769714	374	378	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27769714	379	396	induction profile	T045	C0017391
27769714	397	405	observed	T169	C1441672
27769714	413	422	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27769714	440	453	non-pulsatile	T169	C0445098
27769714	454	463	induction	T045	C0017391
27769714	471	488	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
27769714	489	494	(PFC)	T023	C0162783
27769714	507	513	report	T170	C0684224
27769714	524	532	evidence	T078	C3887511
27769714	537	546	pulsatile	T079	C0439606
27769714	547	573	transcriptional repression	T045	C0920533
27769714	579	593	glucocorticoid	T109,T125	C0017710
27769714	596	602	target	T169	C1521840
27769714	603	607	gene	T028	C0017337
27769714	608	615	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27769714	622	631	pulsatile	T079	C0439606
27769714	632	642	regulation	T038	C1327622
27769714	646	650	Pomc	T028	C1337111
27769714	651	664	transcription	T045	C0040649
27769714	668	677	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27769714	708	717	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27769714	722	733	differences	T080	C1705242
27769714	741	750	induction	T045	C0017391
27769714	751	759	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27769714	772	782	transcript	T114	C1519595
27769714	783	789	(Sgk1)	T028	C1420010
27769714	802	805	PFC	T023	C0162783
27769714	810	819	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27769714	821	844	Glucocorticoid receptor	T116,T192	C0034809
27769714	845	849	(GR)	T116,T192	C0034809
27769714	850	860	activation	T043	C1514758
27769714	886	895	different	T080	C1705242
27769714	899	908	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27769714	913	930	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
27769714	939	960	significantly greater	T081	C4055637
27769714	961	974	dynamic range	T081	C2986743
27769714	979	995	shorter duration	T080	C0439593
27769714	999	1001	GR	T116,T192	C0034809
27769714	1002	1010	activity	T044	C1152633
27769714	1011	1019	detected	T033	C0442726
27769714	1027	1036	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27769714	1038	1053	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27769714	1063	1073	pronounced	T080	C0205402
27769714	1074	1078	gene	T028	C0017337
27769714	1079	1093	pulsing effect	T079	C0439606
27769714	1094	1102	observed	T169	C1441672
27769714	1111	1128	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
27769714	1130	1140	expression	T045	C0017262
27769714	1144	1148	Gilz	T028	C1540075
27769714	1149	1153	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27769714	1163	1176	non-pulsatile	T169	C0445098
27769714	1193	1206	significantly	T078	C0750502
27769714	1207	1214	delayed	T079	C0205421
27769714	1215	1225	timecourse	T079	C0040223
27769714	1229	1237	increase	T169	C0442805
27769714	1242	1250	decrease	T081	C0547047
27769714	1256	1264	compared	T052	C1707455
27769714	1268	1272	Sgk1	T028	C1420010
27769714	1274	1286	additionally	T169	C1524062
27769714	1300	1304	gene	T028	C0017337
27769714	1307	1315	specific	T080	C0205369
27769714	1316	1326	regulatory	T038	C1327622
27769714	1327	1335	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27769714	1343	1352	ultradian	T040	C1154378
27769714	1353	1367	glucocorticoid	T109,T125	C0017710
27769714	1368	1377	treatment	T169	C1522326

27769797|t|Learning by observing: the effect of multiple sessions of action-observation training on the spontaneous movement tempo and motor resonance
27769797|a|The present study was designed to explore the changes in motor performance and motor resonance after multiple sessions of action observation (AO) training. Subjects were exposed to the observation of a video showing finger tapping movements executed at 3Hz, a frequency higher than the spontaneous one (2Hz) for four consecutive days. Motor performance and motor resonance were tested before the AO training on the first day, and on the last day. Results showed that multiple sessions of AO training induced a shift of the speed of execution of finger tapping movements toward the observed one and a change in motor resonance. Before the 3Hz- AO training cortical excitability was highest during the observation of the 2Hz video. This motor resonance effect was lost after one single session of 3Hz- AO training whereas after multiple sessions of 3Hz- AO training cortical excitability was highest during the observation of the 3Hz video. Our study shows for the first time that multiple sessions of AO training are able not only to induce performance gains but also to change the way by which the observer's motor system recognizes a certain movement as belonging to the individual motor repertoire. These results may encourage the development of novel rehabilitative protocols based on multiple sessions of action observation aimed to regain a correct movement when its spontaneous speed is modified by pathologies or to modify the innate temporal properties of certain movements.
27769797	0	8	Learning	T041	C0023185
27769797	12	21	observing	T169	C1441672
27769797	27	33	effect	T080	C1280500
27769797	37	45	multiple	T081	C0439064
27769797	46	54	sessions	T051	C1883016
27769797	58	85	action-observation training	T065	C0220931
27769797	93	104	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27769797	105	113	movement	T040	C0026649
27769797	114	139	tempo and motor resonance	T041	C0025361
27769797	152	157	study	T062	C2603343
27769797	186	193	changes	T169	C0392747
27769797	197	214	motor performance	T040	C0870921
27769797	219	234	motor resonance	T041	C0025361
27769797	241	249	multiple	T081	C0439064
27769797	250	258	sessions	T051	C1883016
27769797	262	294	action observation (AO) training	T065	C0220931
27769797	296	304	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27769797	325	336	observation	T169	C1441672
27769797	342	347	video	T170	C3463807
27769797	356	370	finger tapping	T040	C0870564
27769797	371	380	movements	T040	C0026649
27769797	381	389	executed	T052	C1705848
27769797	400	409	frequency	T079	C0439603
27769797	410	416	higher	T080	C0205250
27769797	426	437	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27769797	457	468	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27769797	469	473	days	T079	C0439228
27769797	475	492	Motor performance	T040	C0870921
27769797	497	512	motor resonance	T041	C0025361
27769797	518	524	tested	T169	C0039593
27769797	536	547	AO training	T065	C0220931
27769797	561	564	day	T079	C0439228
27769797	582	585	day	T079	C0439228
27769797	587	594	Results	T033	C2825142
27769797	607	615	multiple	T081	C0439064
27769797	616	624	sessions	T051	C1883016
27769797	628	639	AO training	T065	C0220931
27769797	640	647	induced	T169	C0205263
27769797	663	668	speed	T081	C0678536
27769797	672	681	execution	T052	C1705848
27769797	685	699	finger tapping	T040	C0870564
27769797	700	709	movements	T040	C0026649
27769797	721	729	observed	T169	C1441672
27769797	750	765	motor resonance	T041	C0025361
27769797	783	794	AO training	T065	C0220931
27769797	795	816	cortical excitability	T042	C4277734
27769797	821	828	highest	T080	C0205250
27769797	840	851	observation	T169	C1441672
27769797	863	868	video	T170	C3463807
27769797	875	890	motor resonance	T041	C0025361
27769797	891	897	effect	T080	C1280500
27769797	917	923	single	T081	C0205171
27769797	924	931	session	T051	C1883016
27769797	940	951	AO training	T065	C0220931
27769797	966	974	multiple	T081	C0439064
27769797	975	983	sessions	T051	C1883016
27769797	992	1003	AO training	T065	C0220931
27769797	1004	1025	cortical excitability	T042	C4277734
27769797	1030	1037	highest	T080	C0205250
27769797	1049	1060	observation	T169	C1441672
27769797	1072	1077	video	T170	C3463807
27769797	1083	1088	study	T062	C2603343
27769797	1119	1127	multiple	T081	C0439064
27769797	1128	1136	sessions	T051	C1883016
27769797	1140	1151	AO training	T065	C0220931
27769797	1173	1179	induce	T169	C0205263
27769797	1180	1191	performance	T055	C0597198
27769797	1238	1248	observer's	T096	C0870992
27769797	1249	1261	motor system	UnknownType	C0682711
27769797	1283	1291	movement	T040	C0026649
27769797	1323	1339	motor repertoire	UnknownType	C0682711
27769797	1347	1354	results	T033	C2825142
27769797	1373	1384	development	T169	C1527148
27769797	1388	1393	novel	T080	C0205314
27769797	1428	1436	multiple	T081	C0439064
27769797	1437	1445	sessions	T051	C1883016
27769797	1486	1493	correct	T080	C2349182
27769797	1494	1502	movement	T040	C0026649
27769797	1512	1523	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27769797	1524	1529	speed	T081	C0678536
27769797	1533	1541	modified	T169	C0392747
27769797	1545	1556	pathologies	T046	C0006119
27769797	1563	1569	modify	T169	C0392747
27769797	1574	1580	innate	T055	C0021619
27769797	1581	1589	temporal	T079	C2362314
27769797	1590	1600	properties	T080	C0871161
27769797	1612	1621	movements	T040	C0026649

27770391|t|The effectiveness of disc synoptoscope on patients with abnormal binocular vision: a prospective cohort study
27770391|a|We performed a prospective cohort study to evaluate the effectiveness of disc synoptoscope on binocularity in patients with abnormal binocular vision. 39 eligible subjects were recruited for visual therapy with disc synoptoscope in treatment group and 38 were just observed as control. Simultaneous perception in treatment group was better than controls at 6- month visit (p < 0.05). Fusional amplitude improved in treatment group but decreased in control group at 3- and 6- months visits (p < 0.001). Near and distance stereopsis in treatment group were better than controls at 3- and 6- months (p < 0.05). The improvements of monocular and binocular acuity in treatment group were better than controls at 3- and 6- months (p < 0.05). Postoperative recurrence rate in treatment group was lower than controls (p < 0.05). Visual therapy with disc synoptoscope is effective in improving short-term binocular vision for the patients with abnormal binocular vision; disc synoptoscope could serve as an effective home -based visual therapy instrument.
27770391	4	17	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27770391	21	38	disc synoptoscope	T074	C0025080
27770391	42	50	patients	T101	C0030705
27770391	56	64	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27770391	65	81	binocular vision	T041	C0042794
27770391	85	109	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
27770391	113	122	performed	T169	C0884358
27770391	125	149	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
27770391	166	179	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27770391	183	200	disc synoptoscope	T074	C0025080
27770391	204	216	binocularity	T041	C0042794
27770391	220	228	patients	T101	C0030705
27770391	234	242	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27770391	243	259	binocular vision	T041	C0042794
27770391	273	281	subjects	T098	C0080105
27770391	301	315	visual therapy	T061	C0150177
27770391	321	338	disc synoptoscope	T074	C0025080
27770391	342	357	treatment group	T098	C1257890
27770391	387	394	control	T096	C0009932
27770391	396	419	Simultaneous perception	UnknownType	C0544681
27770391	423	438	treatment group	T098	C1257890
27770391	455	463	controls	T096	C0009932
27770391	470	475	month	T079	C0439231
27770391	476	481	visit	T058	C0589121
27770391	494	512	Fusional amplitude	T033	C0429558
27770391	513	521	improved	T033	C0184511
27770391	525	540	treatment group	T098	C1257890
27770391	545	554	decreased	T081	C0205216
27770391	558	571	control group	T096	C0009932
27770391	585	591	months	T079	C0439231
27770391	592	598	visits	T058	C0589121
27770391	612	616	Near	T080	C1706276
27770391	621	629	distance	T081	C0012751
27770391	630	640	stereopsis	T041	C0011586
27770391	644	659	treatment group	T098	C1257890
27770391	677	685	controls	T096	C0009932
27770391	699	705	months	T079	C0439231
27770391	722	734	improvements	T077	C2986411
27770391	738	747	monocular	T042	C0042797
27770391	752	761	binocular	T041	C0042794
27770391	762	768	acuity	T201	C0042812
27770391	772	787	treatment group	T098	C1257890
27770391	805	813	controls	T096	C0009932
27770391	827	833	months	T079	C0439231
27770391	846	859	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
27770391	860	875	recurrence rate	T081	C1521828
27770391	879	894	treatment group	T098	C1257890
27770391	910	918	controls	T096	C0009932
27770391	931	945	Visual therapy	T061	C0087111
27770391	951	968	disc synoptoscope	T074	C0025080
27770391	972	981	effective	T080	C1704419
27770391	995	1005	short-term	T079	C0443303
27770391	1006	1022	binocular vision	T041	C0042794
27770391	1031	1039	patients	T101	C0030705
27770391	1045	1053	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27770391	1054	1070	binocular vision	T041	C0042794
27770391	1072	1089	disc synoptoscope	T074	C0025080
27770391	1108	1117	effective	T080	C1704419
27770391	1118	1122	home	T082	C0442519
27770391	1130	1144	visual therapy	T061	C0150177
27770391	1145	1155	instrument	T074	C0348000

27770762|t|Virulence of geographically different Cryptosporidium parvum isolates in experimental animal model
27770762|a|Cryptosporidium parvum is a coccidian parasite which causes gastrointestinal disease in humans and a variety of other mammalian species. Several studies have reported different degrees of pathogenicity and virulence among Cryptosporidium species and isolates of the same species as well as evidence of variation in host susceptibility to infection. The study aimed to investigate infectivity and virulence of two Cryptosporidium parvum “ Iowa isolate ” (CpI) and a “ local water isolate ” (CpW). Thirty-three Swiss albino mice have been divided into three groups: Negative control Group (C), the CpI group infected with “ Iowa isolate “and the CpW group infected with C. parvum oocysts isolated from a local water supply. Infectivity and virulence have been measured by evaluating clinical, parasitological and histological aspects of infection. Significant differences were detected regarding oocysts shedding rate, clinical outcomes, and the histopathological picture of the intestine, lung, and brain. It was concluded that the local water isolate is significantly more virulent than the exported one.
27770762	0	9	Virulence	T038	C0042765
27770762	38	60	Cryptosporidium parvum	T204	C0085319
27770762	61	69	isolates	T123	C1764827
27770762	73	98	experimental animal model	T008	C0887965
27770762	99	121	Cryptosporidium parvum	T204	C0085319
27770762	127	145	coccidian parasite	T204	C0522429
27770762	159	183	gastrointestinal disease	T047	C0017178
27770762	187	193	humans	T016	C0086418
27770762	217	234	mammalian species	T015	C0024660
27770762	244	251	studies	T062	C2603343
27770762	287	300	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
27770762	305	314	virulence	T038	C0042765
27770762	321	344	Cryptosporidium species	T204	C1744526
27770762	349	357	isolates	T123	C1764827
27770762	370	377	species	T185	C1705920
27770762	389	397	evidence	T078	C3887511
27770762	401	410	variation	T080	C0205419
27770762	414	418	host	T001	C1167395
27770762	419	446	susceptibility to infection	T201	C0521978
27770762	452	457	study	T062	C0008972
27770762	467	478	investigate	T058	C0220825
27770762	479	490	infectivity	T080	C0030657
27770762	495	504	virulence	T038	C0042765
27770762	512	534	Cryptosporidium parvum	T204	C0085319
27770762	537	541	Iowa	T083	C0022037
27770762	542	549	isolate	T123	C1764827
27770762	553	556	CpI	T123	C1764827
27770762	566	585	local water isolate	T123	C1764827
27770762	589	592	CpW	T123	C1764827
27770762	608	625	Swiss albino mice	T015	C0684073
27770762	655	661	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27770762	663	671	Negative	T033	C0205160
27770762	672	685	control Group	T096	C0009932
27770762	687	688	C	T096	C0009932
27770762	695	704	CpI group	UnknownType	C0681860
27770762	705	713	infected	T033	C0439663
27770762	721	725	Iowa	T083	C0022037
27770762	726	733	isolate	T123	C1764827
27770762	743	752	CpW group	UnknownType	C0681860
27770762	753	761	infected	T033	C0439663
27770762	767	776	C. parvum	T204	C0085319
27770762	777	784	oocysts	T204	C0444529
27770762	785	793	isolated	T169	C0205409
27770762	801	806	local	T082	C0205276
27770762	807	819	water supply	T081	C0043062
27770762	821	832	Infectivity	T080	C0030657
27770762	837	846	virulence	T038	C0042765
27770762	869	879	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27770762	880	888	clinical	T201	C0683325
27770762	890	905	parasitological	T080	C0205468
27770762	910	922	histological	T169	C0205462
27770762	923	930	aspects	T080	C1879746
27770762	934	943	infection	T046	C3714514
27770762	974	982	detected	T033	C0442726
27770762	993	1000	oocysts	T204	C0444529
27770762	1001	1014	shedding rate	T081	C1521828
27770762	1016	1033	clinical outcomes	T034	C0456984
27770762	1043	1068	histopathological picture	T169	C0243140
27770762	1076	1085	intestine	T023	C0021853
27770762	1087	1091	lung	T023	C0024109
27770762	1097	1102	brain	T023	C0006104
27770762	1130	1141	local water	T082	C0205276
27770762	1142	1149	isolate	T123	C1764827
27770762	1172	1180	virulent	T080	C1520022

27771058|t|Involvement of NF-κB in regulation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae exotoxin ApxI -induced proinflammatory cytokine production in porcine alveolar macrophages
27771058|a|Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a crucial respiratory pathogen that causes fibrinous, hemorrhagic, necrotizing pleuropneumonia in pigs. A. pleuropneumoniae exotoxins (ApxI to IV) are the major virulence factors contributing to A. pleuropneumoniae pathogenesis. Previously, we demonstrated that ApxI induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) via the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38 and cJun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK). Nonetheless, the role of nuclear factor (NF)-κB -a transcription factor widely implicated in immune and inflammatory responses -in ApxI -elicited cytokine production has yet to be defined. In the present study, we examined the involvement of NF-κB in ApxI -elicited production of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in PAMs and investigated the correlation between NF-κB and MAPK (p38 and JNK) pathways in this event. The results of Western blot analysis, confocal microscopy, and a DNA binding activity assay revealed that the classical NF-κB pathway was activated by ApxI, as evidenced by the decreased levels of IκB and subsequent NF-κB translocation and activation in ApxI -stimulated PAMs. Moreover, the blocking of ApxI -induced NF-κB activation significantly attenuated the levels of mRNA and protein secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α in PAMs. Notably, the attenuation of JNK activation by a specific inhibitor (SP600125) reduced ApxI -induced NF-κB activation, whereas a p38 blocker (SB203580) had no effect on the NF-κB pathway. Further examination revealed that the level of phosphorylation at serine 536 on the NF-κB p65 subunit was dependent on JNK activity. Collectively, this study, for the first time, demonstrates a pivotal role of NF-κB in ApxI -induced IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α production; JNK, but not p38, may positively affect the activation of the classical NF-κB pathway.
27771058	15	20	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27771058	24	34	regulation	T038	C1327622
27771058	38	69	Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae	T007	C0085489
27771058	70	78	exotoxin	T131	C0015309
27771058	79	83	ApxI	T116,T121	C1430061
27771058	93	128	proinflammatory cytokine production	T040	C1327413
27771058	132	139	porcine	T015	C3665571
27771058	140	160	alveolar macrophages	T025	C0085236
27771058	161	192	Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae	T007	C0085489
27771058	206	217	respiratory	T039	C0035203
27771058	218	226	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27771058	239	248	fibrinous	T046	C0333353
27771058	250	261	hemorrhagic	T046	C0019080
27771058	263	274	necrotizing	T047	C0264515
27771058	275	290	pleuropneumonia	T047	C0032241
27771058	294	298	pigs	T015	C0039005
27771058	300	319	A. pleuropneumoniae	T007	C0085489
27771058	320	329	exotoxins	T131	C0015309
27771058	331	341	ApxI to IV	T131	C0015309
27771058	357	374	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27771058	391	410	A. pleuropneumoniae	T007	C0085489
27771058	411	423	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27771058	458	462	ApxI	T116,T121	C1430061
27771058	475	485	expression	T045	C1171362
27771058	489	514	proinflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27771058	518	525	porcine	T015	C3665571
27771058	526	546	alveolar macrophages	T025	C0085236
27771058	548	552	PAMs	T025	C0085236
27771058	562	607	mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27771058	612	636	cJun NH2-terminal kinase	T116,T126	C0248813
27771058	638	641	JNK	T116,T126	C0248813
27771058	669	691	nuclear factor (NF)-κB	T116	C0382369
27771058	695	715	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27771058	737	743	immune	T042	C0301872
27771058	748	770	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
27771058	775	779	ApxI	T116,T121	C1430061
27771058	790	809	cytokine production	T040	C1327413
27771058	848	853	study	T062	C2603343
27771058	886	891	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27771058	895	899	ApxI	T116,T121	C1430061
27771058	924	943	interleukin (IL)-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27771058	945	949	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
27771058	955	984	tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27771058	988	992	PAMs	T025	C0085236
27771058	1034	1039	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27771058	1044	1048	MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
27771058	1050	1053	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27771058	1058	1061	JNK	T116,T126	C0248813
27771058	1063	1071	pathways	T044	C0037080
27771058	1102	1123	Western blot analysis	T059	C0949466
27771058	1125	1144	confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
27771058	1152	1163	DNA binding	T045	C1148673
27771058	1164	1178	activity assay	T059	C1510438
27771058	1207	1212	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27771058	1213	1220	pathway	T044	C0037080
27771058	1238	1242	ApxI	T116,T121	C1430061
27771058	1284	1287	IκB	T116,T126	C0663914
27771058	1303	1308	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27771058	1309	1322	translocation	T043	C0599893
27771058	1327	1337	activation	T044	C1749855
27771058	1341	1345	ApxI	T116,T121	C1430061
27771058	1358	1362	PAMs	T025	C0085236
27771058	1390	1394	ApxI	T116,T121	C1430061
27771058	1404	1420	NF-κB activation	T044	C1749855
27771058	1460	1464	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27771058	1469	1486	protein secretion	T043	C1159339
27771058	1490	1495	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27771058	1497	1501	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
27771058	1507	1512	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27771058	1516	1520	PAMs	T025	C0085236
27771058	1550	1553	JNK	T116,T126	C0248813
27771058	1554	1564	activation	UnknownType	C0678666
27771058	1590	1598	SP600125	T109,T121	C0968383
27771058	1608	1612	ApxI	T116,T121	C1430061
27771058	1622	1638	NF-κB activation	T044	C1749855
27771058	1650	1661	p38 blocker	T116,T126	C1120843
27771058	1663	1671	SB203580	T109,T121	C0297666
27771058	1694	1699	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27771058	1700	1707	pathway	T044	C0037080
27771058	1756	1771	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27771058	1775	1781	serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27771058	1793	1810	NF-κB p65 subunit	T116,T123	C0214222
27771058	1828	1840	JNK activity	T044	C1150583
27771058	1861	1866	study	T062	C2603343
27771058	1919	1924	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27771058	1928	1932	ApxI	T116,T121	C1430061
27771058	1942	1947	IL-1β	T040	C1819435
27771058	1949	1953	IL-8	T040	C1819461
27771058	1959	1975	TNF-α production	T040	C1819464
27771058	1977	1980	JNK	T116,T126	C0248813
27771058	1990	1993	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27771058	2021	2031	activation	UnknownType	C0678666
27771058	2049	2054	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27771058	2055	2062	pathway	T044	C0037080

27771196|t|Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Hyperintensity Is Associated with Hemorrhagic Transformation following Reperfusion Therapy
27771196|a|It is still controversial whether early fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensity within acute ischemic lesions carries the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after reperfusion therapy. Furthermore, the association between the location of FLAIR hyperintensity and HT has not been investigated. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent reperfusion therapy within 6 hours of stroke onset and magnetic resonance imaging including a FLAIR sequence before completing reperfusion therapy. FLAIR hyperintensity within the diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion was rated qualitatively, and HT was assessed on follow-up gradient echo imaging. The location of the FLAIR change and HT was classified as subcortical, cortical, or cortico-subcortical. Of 134 patients with acute ischemic stroke included in this study, early FLAIR changes within DWI lesions were identified in 56 (41.8%) patients, and HT was noted in 51 (38.1%) patients. FLAIR change was independently associated with HT (odds ratio: 4.37, 95% confidence interval: 1.72-11.12). Geographically, 48.2% of the patients with a FLAIR change developed a matched HT (restricted to the region with the FLAIR change), and the risk of HT was further increased in patients with a FLAIR change in the cortico-subcortical region (68.8%). In patients in the acute stage of stroke, an early FLAIR change is associated with the risk of HT following reperfusion therapy with a highly matched geographic relationship and common risk factors. Thus, identification of FLAIR change may be a useful surrogate marker to assess the likelihood of subsequent HT in patients treated with reperfusion therapy.
27771196	0	35	Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery	T060	C2826145
27771196	36	50	Hyperintensity	T046	C2938912
27771196	54	69	Associated with	T080	C0332281
27771196	70	96	Hemorrhagic Transformation	T047	C1096400
27771196	107	126	Reperfusion Therapy	T061	C0035124
27771196	167	202	fluid-attenuated inversion recovery	T060	C2826145
27771196	204	209	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	211	225	hyperintensity	T046	C2938912
27771196	233	238	acute	T079	C0205178
27771196	239	247	ischemic	T046	C0022116
27771196	248	255	lesions	T033	C0221198
27771196	268	272	risk	T078	C0035647
27771196	276	302	hemorrhagic transformation	T047	C1096400
27771196	304	306	HT	T047	C1096400
27771196	314	333	reperfusion therapy	T061	C0035124
27771196	376	384	location	T029	C1515974
27771196	388	393	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	394	408	hyperintensity	T046	C2938912
27771196	413	415	HT	T047	C1096400
27771196	429	441	investigated	T169	C1292732
27771196	446	461	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27771196	462	470	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27771196	471	479	patients	T101	C0030705
27771196	494	513	reperfusion therapy	T061	C0035124
27771196	532	538	stroke	T047	C1096400
27771196	539	544	onset	T080	C0332162
27771196	549	575	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27771196	588	593	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	594	602	sequence	T169	C1519249
27771196	621	640	reperfusion therapy	T061	C0035124
27771196	642	647	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	648	662	hyperintensity	T046	C2938912
27771196	674	700	diffusion-weighted imaging	T060	C0598801
27771196	702	705	DWI	T060	C0598801
27771196	707	713	lesion	T033	C0221198
27771196	718	723	rated	T052	C0871208
27771196	724	737	qualitatively	T080	C0205556
27771196	743	745	HT	T047	C1096400
27771196	750	758	assessed	T052	C1516048
27771196	762	771	follow-up	T079	C0332283
27771196	772	780	gradient	T081	C0812409
27771196	781	793	echo imaging	T060	C0162734
27771196	815	820	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	821	827	change	T169	C0392747
27771196	832	834	HT	T047	C1096400
27771196	853	864	subcortical	T029	C0815275
27771196	866	874	cortical	T023	C0007776
27771196	879	898	cortico-subcortical	T029	C1515974
27771196	907	915	patients	T101	C0030705
27771196	921	926	acute	T079	C0205178
27771196	927	942	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
27771196	973	978	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	979	986	changes	T169	C0392747
27771196	994	997	DWI	T060	C0598801
27771196	998	1005	lesions	T033	C0221198
27771196	1036	1044	patients	T101	C0030705
27771196	1050	1052	HT	T047	C1096400
27771196	1077	1085	patients	T101	C0030705
27771196	1087	1092	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	1093	1099	change	T169	C0392747
27771196	1104	1117	independently	T078	C0085862
27771196	1118	1133	associated with	T080	C0332281
27771196	1134	1136	HT	T047	C1096400
27771196	1194	1208	Geographically	UnknownType	C0681784
27771196	1223	1231	patients	T101	C0030705
27771196	1239	1244	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	1245	1251	change	T169	C0392747
27771196	1272	1274	HT	T047	C1096400
27771196	1310	1315	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	1316	1322	change	T169	C0392747
27771196	1333	1337	risk	T078	C0035647
27771196	1341	1343	HT	T047	C1096400
27771196	1356	1365	increased	T081	C0205217
27771196	1369	1377	patients	T101	C0030705
27771196	1385	1390	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	1391	1397	change	T169	C0392747
27771196	1405	1431	cortico-subcortical region	T029	C1515974
27771196	1444	1452	patients	T101	C0030705
27771196	1460	1465	acute	T079	C0205178
27771196	1466	1471	stage	T079	C1306673
27771196	1475	1481	stroke	T047	C1096400
27771196	1492	1497	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	1498	1504	change	T169	C0392747
27771196	1508	1523	associated with	T080	C0332281
27771196	1528	1532	risk	T078	C0035647
27771196	1536	1538	HT	T047	C1096400
27771196	1549	1568	reperfusion therapy	T061	C0035124
27771196	1626	1638	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27771196	1646	1660	identification	T080	C0205396
27771196	1664	1669	FLAIR	T060	C2826145
27771196	1670	1676	change	T169	C0392747
27771196	1693	1709	surrogate marker	T080	C0086589
27771196	1713	1719	assess	T058	C0184514
27771196	1724	1734	likelihood	T081	C0033204
27771196	1749	1751	HT	T047	C1096400
27771196	1755	1763	patients	T101	C0030705
27771196	1764	1776	treated with	T061	C0332293
27771196	1777	1796	reperfusion therapy	T061	C0035124

27771331|t|Dynamic disorder can explain non-exponential kinetics of fast protein mechanical unfolding
27771331|a|Protein unfolding often does not obey a simple two-state behavior. Previous single molecule force spectroscopy studies demonstrated stretched exponential kinetics of protein unfolding under a constant pulling force, the molecular origin of which remains subject to debate. We here set out to extensively sample the mechanical unfolding of ubiquitin and NuG2 by Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. Both proteins show kinetics best fit by stretched exponentials, with stretching exponents similar to those found in experiments, even though static disorder is absent in our short MD simulations. Instead, we can ascribe non-exponential kinetics to dynamic disorder, due to conformational fluctuations on the nanosecond timescale. Our study highlights the general role of dynamic disorder in protein kinetics on a broad range of time scales even including those probed in MD simulations.
27771331	0	7	Dynamic	T169	C0729333
27771331	8	16	disorder	T080	C0205556
27771331	29	44	non-exponential	T081	C0392762
27771331	45	53	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27771331	62	90	protein mechanical unfolding	T043	C1655065
27771331	91	108	Protein unfolding	T043	C1655065
27771331	167	201	single molecule force spectroscopy	T059	C4279975
27771331	202	209	studies	T059	C0947630
27771331	223	244	stretched exponential	T080	C0205556
27771331	245	253	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27771331	257	274	protein unfolding	T043	C1655065
27771331	283	305	constant pulling force	T067	C0441722
27771331	311	320	molecular	T080	C1521991
27771331	321	327	origin	T079	C0439659
27771331	406	426	mechanical unfolding	T043	C1655065
27771331	430	439	ubiquitin	T116,T123	C0041538
27771331	444	448	NuG2	T116,T123	C0033684
27771331	452	487	Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations	T066	C2717775
27771331	494	502	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27771331	508	516	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27771331	529	551	stretched exponentials	T080	C0205556
27771331	558	578	stretching exponents	T081	C1711342
27771331	605	616	experiments	T062	C0681814
27771331	649	655	absent	T169	C0332197
27771331	669	683	MD simulations	T066	C2717775
27771331	709	724	non-exponential	T081	C0392762
27771331	725	733	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27771331	737	744	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27771331	745	753	disorder	T080	C0205556
27771331	762	776	conformational	T082	C0026377
27771331	777	789	fluctuations	T079	C0231241
27771331	797	817	nanosecond timescale	T079	C1254367
27771331	823	828	study	T062	C2603343
27771331	860	867	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27771331	868	876	disorder	T080	C0205556
27771331	880	896	protein kinetics	T070	C0022702
27771331	917	928	time scales	T079	C1254367
27771331	960	974	MD simulations	T066	C2717775

27771746|t|Identification and functional analysis of the GTPV bidirectional promoter region
27771746|a|The goat pox chick embryo-attenuated virus (GTPV) has been developed as an effective vaccine that can elicit protective immune responses. It possesses a large genome and a robust ability to express exogenous genes. Thus, this virus is an ideal vector for recombinant live vaccines for infectious diseases in ruminant animals. In this study, we identified a novel bidirectional promoter region of GTPV through screening named PbVV(±). PbVV(±) is located between ETF-l and VITF-3, which are transcribed in opposite directions. A new recombinant goat pox virus (rGTPV) was constructed, in which duplicate PbVV(+) was used as a promoter element to enhance Brucella OMP31 expression, and duplicate PbVV (-) was used as a promoter element to regulate enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at the same time as the selection marker. PbVV(-) promoter activity was compared to that of the P7.5 promoter of vaccinia virus, as measured by EGFP expression; the fluorescence intensity of EGFP expressed in cells was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. PbVV(+) promoter activity was measured by Brucella OMP31 expression. Interaction with the anti-Brucella-OMP31 monoclonal antibody was confirmed by western blotting, and OMP31 mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. The results of this study will be useful for the further study of effective multivalent vaccines based on rGTPV. This study also provides a theoretical basis for overcoming the problem of low expression of exogenous genes.
27771746	46	50	GTPV	T005	C0206574
27771746	51	64	bidirectional	T080	C1706937
27771746	65	80	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27771746	85	123	goat pox chick embryo-attenuated virus	T005	C0206574
27771746	125	129	GTPV	T005	C0206574
27771746	166	173	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27771746	201	217	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27771746	240	246	genome	T028	C0017428
27771746	271	278	express	T045	C0017262
27771746	279	288	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27771746	289	294	genes	T028	C0017337
27771746	307	312	virus	T005	C0206574
27771746	319	324	ideal	T080	C1512612
27771746	325	331	vector	T114	C0599566
27771746	336	361	recombinant live vaccines	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27771746	366	385	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
27771746	389	405	ruminant animals	T015	C0035950
27771746	444	457	bidirectional	T080	C1706937
27771746	458	473	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27771746	477	481	GTPV	T005	C0206574
27771746	506	513	PbVV(±)	T114,T123	C0086860
27771746	515	522	PbVV(±)	T114,T123	C0086860
27771746	542	547	ETF-l	T116,T123	C0082367
27771746	552	558	VITF-3	T116,T123	C0040648
27771746	570	581	transcribed	T045	C0040649
27771746	585	593	opposite	T082	C1521805
27771746	594	604	directions	T082	C0449738
27771746	612	638	recombinant goat pox virus	T005	C0206574
27771746	640	645	rGTPV	T005	C0206574
27771746	683	690	PbVV(+)	T114,T123	C0086860
27771746	705	713	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27771746	725	732	enhance	T052	C2349975
27771746	733	747	Brucella OMP31	T116,T123	C1621913
27771746	748	758	expression	T045	C1171362
27771746	774	778	PbVV	T114,T123	C0086860
27771746	797	813	promoter element	T114,T123	C0086860
27771746	826	860	enhanced green fluorescent protein	T116,T130	C1258415
27771746	862	866	EGFP	T116,T130	C1258415
27771746	910	926	PbVV(-) promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27771746	964	977	P7.5 promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27771746	981	995	vaccinia virus	T005	C0042216
27771746	1012	1016	EGFP	T116,T130	C1258415
27771746	1017	1027	expression	T045	C1171362
27771746	1033	1055	fluorescence intensity	T059	C0026022
27771746	1059	1063	EGFP	T116,T130	C1258415
27771746	1064	1073	expressed	T045	C1171362
27771746	1077	1082	cells	T025	C0007634
27771746	1100	1123	fluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
27771746	1128	1142	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27771746	1144	1160	PbVV(+) promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27771746	1186	1200	Brucella OMP31	T116,T123	C1621913
27771746	1201	1211	expression	T045	C1171362
27771746	1234	1273	anti-Brucella-OMP31 monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
27771746	1291	1307	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27771746	1313	1318	OMP31	T116,T123	C1621913
27771746	1319	1334	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27771746	1351	1358	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
27771746	1426	1435	effective	T080	C1704419
27771746	1436	1456	multivalent vaccines	T121,T129	C1514218
27771746	1466	1471	rGTPV	T005	C0206574
27771746	1552	1562	expression	T045	C1171362
27771746	1566	1575	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27771746	1576	1581	genes	T028	C0017337

27771784|t|Body weight changes in patients undergoing chemotherapy for ovarian cancer influence progression-free and overall survival
27771784|a|The aim of this study was to evaluate whether body weight changes in patients undergoing chemotherapy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) influence progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). An analysis of 190 patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer after first-line chemotherapy was conducted. Changes in body weight were assessed by comparing measurements at baseline to those of the third and sixth cycles of chemotherapy. PFS and OS were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox model. Significant reduction in body weight in advanced EOC was observed with no changes in early EOC. Significant differences in PFS were observed in advanced EOC patients that lost more than 5 % of their body weight (6 months), maintained weight (13 months), or gained more than 5 % of their body weight (15 months). Similarly, significant differences in OS were noted in advanced EOC at the following time points: 24.3, 42.4, and 66.2 months. No effect was reported for early EOC patients. The multivariate Cox analysis showed significant body weight changes from the first to the sixth chemotherapy cycle for PFS (HR = 0.97; 95 % CI 0.95-0.99) and OS (HR = 0.94; 95 % CI 0.91-0.97) as well as from the first to the third chemotherapy cycle for OS (HR = 0.93; 95 % CI 0.88-0.98). Body weight changes can be recognized as a prognostic factor for PFS and OS in advanced EOC patients undergoing chemotherapy. Weight loss is associated with poorer survival while weight gain improved outcomes.
27771784	0	19	Body weight changes	T033	C0005911
27771784	23	31	patients	T101	C0030705
27771784	43	55	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27771784	60	74	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27771784	85	101	progression-free	T081	C0242792
27771784	106	122	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27771784	139	144	study	T062	C2603343
27771784	169	188	body weight changes	T033	C0005911
27771784	192	200	patients	T101	C0030705
27771784	212	224	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27771784	229	254	epithelial ovarian cancer	T191	C0677886
27771784	256	259	EOC	T191	C0677886
27771784	271	296	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
27771784	298	301	PFS	T081	C0242792
27771784	307	323	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27771784	325	327	OS	T081	C4086681
27771784	333	341	analysis	T062	C0936012
27771784	349	357	patients	T101	C0030705
27771784	358	367	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27771784	373	387	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27771784	405	417	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27771784	433	455	Changes in body weight	T033	C0005911
27771784	499	507	baseline	T081	C1442488
27771784	540	562	cycles of chemotherapy	T061	C1302181
27771784	564	567	PFS	T081	C0242792
27771784	572	574	OS	T081	C4086681
27771784	600	619	Kaplan-Meier method	T170	C0025663
27771784	624	646	multivariate Cox model	T170	C3161035
27771784	660	684	reduction in body weight	T033	C1262477
27771784	697	700	EOC	T191	C0677886
27771784	739	742	EOC	T191	C0677886
27771784	771	774	PFS	T081	C0242792
27771784	801	804	EOC	T191	C0677886
27771784	805	813	patients	T101	C0030705
27771784	819	823	lost	T033	C1262477
27771784	847	858	body weight	T032	C0005910
27771784	862	868	months	T079	C0439231
27771784	871	888	maintained weight	T081	C0043100
27771784	893	899	months	T079	C0439231
27771784	905	911	gained	T033	C0043094
27771784	935	946	body weight	T032	C0005910
27771784	951	957	months	T079	C0439231
27771784	998	1000	OS	T081	C4086681
27771784	1024	1027	EOC	T191	C0677886
27771784	1079	1085	months	T079	C0439231
27771784	1087	1096	No effect	T080	C1301751
27771784	1120	1123	EOC	T191	C0677886
27771784	1124	1132	patients	T101	C0030705
27771784	1138	1163	multivariate Cox analysis	T170	C3161035
27771784	1183	1202	body weight changes	T033	C0005911
27771784	1231	1249	chemotherapy cycle	T061	C1302181
27771784	1254	1257	PFS	T081	C0242792
27771784	1259	1261	HR	T081	C2985465
27771784	1275	1277	CI	T081	C0009667
27771784	1293	1295	OS	T081	C4086681
27771784	1297	1299	HR	T081	C2985465
27771784	1313	1315	CI	T081	C0009667
27771784	1366	1384	chemotherapy cycle	T061	C1302181
27771784	1389	1391	OS	T081	C4086681
27771784	1393	1395	HR	T081	C2985465
27771784	1409	1411	CI	T081	C0009667
27771784	1424	1443	Body weight changes	T033	C0005911
27771784	1467	1484	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
27771784	1489	1492	PFS	T081	C0242792
27771784	1497	1499	OS	T081	C4086681
27771784	1512	1515	EOC	T191	C0677886
27771784	1516	1524	patients	T101	C0030705
27771784	1536	1548	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27771784	1550	1561	Weight loss	T033	C1262477
27771784	1581	1596	poorer survival	T169	C0220921
27771784	1603	1614	weight gain	T033	C0043094
27771784	1615	1623	improved	T033	C0184511
27771784	1624	1632	outcomes	T169	C1274040

27771814|t|Factor Analysis of Therapist -Identified Treatment Targets in Community -Based Children's Mental Health
27771814|a|The present study used exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to identify underlying latent factors affecting variation in community therapists ' endorsement of treatment targets. As part of a statewide practice management program, therapist completed monthly reports of treatment targets (up to 10 per month) for a sample of youth (n = 790) receiving intensive in-home therapy. Nearly 75 % of youth were diagnosed with multiple co-occurring disorders. Five factors emerged: Disinhibition, Societal Rules Evasion, Social Engagement Deficits, Emotional Distress, and Management of Biodevelopmental Outcomes. Using logistic regression, primary diagnosis predicted therapist selection of Disinhibition and Emotional Distress targets. Client age predicted endorsement of Societal Rules Evasion targets. Practice-to-research implications are discussed.
27771814	0	15	Factor Analysis	T081	C0015483
27771814	19	28	Therapist	T097	C0871525
27771814	41	50	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27771814	51	58	Targets	T169	C1521840
27771814	62	71	Community	T096	C0009462
27771814	79	89	Children's	T100	C0008059
27771814	90	103	Mental Health	T041	C0025353
27771814	116	121	study	T062	C2603343
27771814	127	138	exploratory	T062	C1515369
27771814	143	171	confirmatory factor analyses	T080	C0870334
27771814	195	209	latent factors	UnknownType	C0814889
27771814	233	242	community	T096	C0009462
27771814	243	253	therapists	T097	C0871525
27771814	271	280	treatment	T061	C0087111
27771814	281	288	targets	T169	C1521840
27771814	313	340	practice management program	T058	C0032895
27771814	342	351	therapist	T097	C0871525
27771814	362	369	monthly	T079	C0332177
27771814	370	377	reports	T170	C0684224
27771814	381	390	treatment	T061	C0087111
27771814	391	398	targets	T169	C1521840
27771814	413	418	month	T079	C0439231
27771814	436	441	youth	T100	C0087178
27771814	472	487	in-home therapy	T058	C0204977
27771814	504	509	youth	T100	C0087178
27771814	515	524	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27771814	552	561	disorders	T047	C0012634
27771814	585	598	Disinhibition	T048	C0424296
27771814	600	614	Societal Rules	T078	C0237750
27771814	615	622	Evasion	T041	C0870186
27771814	624	650	Social Engagement Deficits	T033	C4060648
27771814	652	670	Emotional Distress	T033	C0700361
27771814	676	706	Management of Biodevelopmental	T040	C0678723
27771814	707	715	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27771814	723	742	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27771814	744	761	primary diagnosis	T080	C0332137
27771814	772	781	therapist	T097	C0871525
27771814	795	808	Disinhibition	T048	C0424296
27771814	813	831	Emotional Distress	T033	C0700361
27771814	841	847	Client	T096	C0008942
27771814	848	851	age	T032	C0001779
27771814	877	891	Societal Rules	T078	C0237750
27771814	892	899	Evasion	T041	C0870186
27771814	900	907	targets	T169	C1521840

27771865|t|Habitual physical activity is associated with improved anthropometric and androgenic profile in PCOS: a cross-sectional study
27771865|a|To examine the effect of habitual physical activity (PA) on the metabolic and hormonal profiles of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal assessment and determination of habitual PA levels with a digital pedometer were evaluated in 84 women with PCOS and 67 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. PA status was defined according to number of steps (≥7500 steps, active, or <7500 steps, sedentary). BMI was lower in active women from both groups. Active PCOS women presented lower waist circumference (WC) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) values versus sedentary PCOS women. In the control group, active women also had lower WC, lower values for fasting and 120-min insulin, and lower LAP than sedentary controls. In the PCOS group, androgen levels were lower in active versus sedentary women (p = 0.001). In the control group, free androgen index (FAI) was also lower in active versus sedentary women (p = 0.018). Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and 2000 daily step increments were independent predictors of FAI. Each 2000 daily step increment was associated with a decrease of 1.07 in FAI. Habitual PA was associated with a better anthropometric and androgenic profile in PCOS.
27771865	0	26	Habitual physical activity	UnknownType	C0815170
27771865	30	45	associated with	T080	C0332281
27771865	55	69	anthropometric	T081	C0815129
27771865	74	84	androgenic	T121,T125	C0002844
27771865	85	92	profile	T059	C1979963
27771865	96	100	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27771865	104	125	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27771865	141	147	effect	T080	C1280500
27771865	151	177	habitual physical activity	UnknownType	C0815170
27771865	179	181	PA	T056	C0026606
27771865	190	199	metabolic	T039	C3853758
27771865	204	221	hormonal profiles	T060	C3495938
27771865	225	230	women	T098	C0043210
27771865	236	261	polycystic ovary syndrome	T047	C0032460
27771865	263	277	Anthropometric	T081	C0815129
27771865	279	288	metabolic	T059	C0696138
27771865	293	312	hormonal assessment	T060	C0430022
27771865	334	345	habitual PA	UnknownType	C0815170
27771865	360	377	digital pedometer	T074	C2709220
27771865	399	404	women	T098	C0043210
27771865	410	414	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27771865	431	446	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27771865	448	451	BMI	T201	C1305855
27771865	461	469	controls	T096	C0009932
27771865	471	473	PA	T056	C0026606
27771865	506	521	number of steps	T081	C1651669
27771865	560	569	sedentary	T080	C0205254
27771865	572	575	BMI	T201	C1305855
27771865	596	601	women	T098	C0043210
27771865	627	631	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27771865	632	637	women	T098	C0043210
27771865	654	673	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
27771865	675	677	WC	T201	C0455829
27771865	683	709	lipid accumulation product	T081	C3658347
27771865	711	714	LAP	T081	C3658347
27771865	730	739	sedentary	T080	C0205254
27771865	740	744	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27771865	745	750	women	T098	C0043210
27771865	759	772	control group	T096	C0009932
27771865	781	786	women	T098	C0043210
27771865	802	804	WC	T201	C0455829
27771865	843	850	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27771865	862	865	LAP	T081	C3658347
27771865	871	889	sedentary controls	T096	C0009932
27771865	898	902	PCOS	T047	C0032460
27771865	910	918	androgen	T121,T125	C0002844
27771865	954	969	sedentary women	T098	C0043210
27771865	990	1003	control group	T096	C0009932
27771865	1005	1024	free androgen index	T034	C1261412
27771865	1026	1029	FAI	T034	C1261412
27771865	1063	1078	sedentary women	T098	C0043210
27771865	1092	1120	Homeostasis model assessment	T058	C1829779
27771865	1124	1142	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27771865	1191	1201	predictors	T078	C2698872
27771865	1205	1208	FAI	T034	C1261412
27771865	1245	1260	associated with	T080	C0332281
27771865	1283	1286	FAI	T034	C1261412
27771865	1288	1299	Habitual PA	UnknownType	C0815170
27771865	1304	1319	associated with	T080	C0332281
27771865	1329	1343	anthropometric	T081	C0815129
27771865	1348	1358	androgenic	T121,T125	C0002844
27771865	1359	1366	profile	T059	C1979963
27771865	1370	1374	PCOS	T047	C0032460

27772556|t|Psychometric analysis of the Patient Health Questionnaire in Danish patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (The DEFIB-WOMEN study)
27772556|a|To assess the psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), a measure of depressive symptoms, in a large Danish national cohort of patients with heart disease, implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), using item response theory. A prospective cohort of patients implanted with an ICD (n=1531; 80.4% men) completed the PHQ-9 at the time of implant. Data were analyzed using two item response theory models, the partial credit model and the generalized partial credit model. The analysis showed disordered response thresholds in eight of nine items for the partial credit model and five of nine items for the generalized partial credit model, indicating that respondents have difficulty discriminating between response options. When collapsing response options 2 and 3, the rescored PHQ-9 had a better fit to both models. The unidimensionality and the precision of the rescored PHQ-9 were confirmed. Items did not have any differential functioning (DIF) across educational level, age, indication for ICD implantation, and severity of heart failure that influence depression outcomes in patients with an ICD. One item exhibited DIF by gender. Three items did not fit the partial credit model, but the generalized partial credit model could be fitted to the full item set. The unidimensionality and reliability of the Danish version of the PHQ-9 were confirmed. However, the associated consequences of the number of response options (3-point versus 4-point Likert scale) need to be further examined for the PHQ-9 both as a screening tool and outcome measure.
27772556	0	21	Psychometric analysis	T060	C0033920
27772556	29	57	Patient Health Questionnaire	T170	C1879301
27772556	61	67	Danish	T083	C0011318
27772556	68	76	patients	T101	C0030705
27772556	85	123	implantable cardioverter defibrillator	T074	C0162589
27772556	129	146	DEFIB-WOMEN study	T062	C0681876
27772556	162	185	psychometric properties	T060	C0033920
27772556	193	221	Patient Health Questionnaire	T170	C4083201
27772556	223	228	PHQ-9	T170	C4083201
27772556	233	240	measure	T081	C0079809
27772556	244	263	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27772556	270	275	large	T081	C0549177
27772556	276	282	Danish	T083	C0011318
27772556	283	298	national cohort	T098	C0599755
27772556	302	310	patients	T101	C0030705
27772556	316	329	heart disease	T047	C0018799
27772556	331	340	implanted	T061	C0021107
27772556	349	387	implantable cardioverter defibrillator	T074	C0162589
27772556	389	392	ICD	T074	C0162589
27772556	401	421	item response theory	T062,T170	C0870753
27772556	425	443	prospective cohort	T098	C0599755
27772556	447	455	patients	T101	C0030705
27772556	456	465	implanted	T061	C0021107
27772556	474	477	ICD	T074	C0162589
27772556	493	496	men	T098	C0025266
27772556	512	517	PHQ-9	T170	C4083201
27772556	533	540	implant	T061	C0021107
27772556	542	546	Data	T078	C1511726
27772556	552	560	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27772556	571	598	item response theory models	T062,T170	C0870753
27772556	604	624	partial credit model	T081,T170	C0026348
27772556	633	665	generalized partial credit model	T081,T170	C0026348
27772556	671	679	analysis	T062	C0936012
27772556	687	706	disordered response	T170	C1706817
27772556	707	717	thresholds	T080	C0449864
27772556	735	740	items	T080	C0871791
27772556	749	769	partial credit model	T081,T170	C0026348
27772556	787	792	items	T080	C0871791
27772556	801	833	generalized partial credit model	T081,T170	C0026348
27772556	851	862	respondents	T098	C0282122
27772556	868	878	difficulty	T080	C0332218
27772556	879	893	discriminating	T041	C0012632
27772556	902	910	response	T170	C1706817
27772556	936	944	response	T170	C1706817
27772556	945	952	options	T169	C1518601
27772556	966	974	rescored	T081	C0449820
27772556	975	980	PHQ-9	T170	C4083201
27772556	1006	1012	models	T081,T170	C0026348
27772556	1018	1035	unidimensionality	T080	C0205556
27772556	1044	1053	precision	T080	C1706245
27772556	1061	1069	rescored	T081	C0449820
27772556	1070	1075	PHQ-9	T170	C4083201
27772556	1092	1097	Items	T062,T170	C0871509
27772556	1115	1139	differential functioning	T169	C0205245
27772556	1141	1144	DIF	T169	C0205245
27772556	1153	1170	educational level	T033	C0013658
27772556	1172	1175	age	T032	C0001779
27772556	1177	1187	indication	T078	C3146298
27772556	1192	1195	ICD	T074	C0162589
27772556	1196	1208	implantation	T061	C0021107
27772556	1214	1222	severity	T080	C0439793
27772556	1226	1239	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27772556	1245	1254	influence	T077	C4054723
27772556	1255	1265	depression	T048	C0011570
27772556	1266	1274	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27772556	1278	1286	patients	T101	C0030705
27772556	1295	1298	ICD	T074	C0162589
27772556	1319	1322	DIF	T169	C0205245
27772556	1326	1332	gender	T032	C0079399
27772556	1340	1345	items	T062,T170	C0871509
27772556	1362	1382	partial credit model	T081,T170	C0026348
27772556	1392	1424	generalized partial credit model	T081,T170	C0026348
27772556	1453	1461	item set	T062,T170	C0871509
27772556	1467	1484	unidimensionality	T080	C0205556
27772556	1489	1500	reliability	T081	C2347947
27772556	1508	1522	Danish version	T171	C0010969
27772556	1530	1535	PHQ-9	T170	C4083201
27772556	1541	1550	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27772556	1565	1575	associated	T080	C0332281
27772556	1576	1588	consequences	T169	C0686907
27772556	1606	1614	response	T170	C1706817
27772556	1615	1622	options	T169	C1518601
27772556	1647	1659	Likert scale	T170	C0451267
27772556	1680	1688	examined	T033	C0332128
27772556	1697	1702	PHQ-9	T170	C4083201
27772556	1713	1722	screening	T058	C1710032
27772556	1723	1727	tool	T170	C0037589
27772556	1732	1747	outcome measure	T081	C0086749

27772674|t|Geolocalization of Influenza Outbreak Within an Acute Care Population: A Layered-Surveillance Approach
27772674|a|We seek to use a novel layered-surveillance approach to localize influenza clusters within an acute care population. The first layer of this system is a syndromic surveillance screen to guide rapid polymerase chain reaction testing. The second layer is geolocalization and cluster analysis of these patients. We posit that any identified clusters could represent at-risk populations who could serve as high-yield targets for preventive medical interventions. This was a prospective observational surveillance study. Patients were screened with a previously derived clinical decision guideline that has a 90% sensitivity and 30% specificity for influenza. Patients received points for the following signs and symptoms within the past 7 days: cough (2 points), headache (1 point), subjective fever (1 point), and documented fever at triage (temperature >38°C [100.4°F]) (1 point). Patients scoring 3 points or higher were indicated for influenza testing. Patients were tested with Xpert Flu (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA), a rapid polymerase chain reaction test. Positive results were mapped with ArcGIS (ESRI, Redlands, CA) and analyzed with kernel density estimation to create heat maps. There were 1,360 patients tested with Xpert Flu with retrievable addresses within the greater Phoenix metro area. One hundred sixty-seven (12%) of them tested positive for influenza A and 23 (2%) tested positive for influenza B. The influenza A virus exhibited a clear cluster pattern within this patient population. The densest cluster was located in an approximately 1- square-mile region southeast of our hospital. Our layered-surveillance approach was effective in localizing a cluster of influenza A outbreak. This region may house a high-yield target population for public health intervention. Further collaborative efforts will be made between our hospital and the Maricopa County Department of Public Health to perform a series of community vaccination events before the next influenza season. We hope these efforts will ultimately serve to reduce the burden of this disease on our patient population, and that this system will serve as a framework for future investigations locating at-risk populations.
27772674	0	15	Geolocalization	T083	C0017446
27772674	19	28	Influenza	T047	C0021400
27772674	29	37	Outbreak	T067	C0012652
27772674	48	58	Acute Care	T058	C0679878
27772674	59	69	Population	T098	C1257890
27772674	73	93	Layered-Surveillance	T169	C0220920
27772674	94	102	Approach	T082	C0449445
27772674	126	146	layered-surveillance	T169	C0220920
27772674	147	155	approach	T082	C0449445
27772674	159	167	localize	T082	C0392752
27772674	168	177	influenza	T047	C0021400
27772674	178	186	clusters	T081	C0012641
27772674	197	207	acute care	T058	C0679878
27772674	208	218	population	T098	C1257890
27772674	244	250	system	T169	C0449913
27772674	256	265	syndromic	T047	C0039082
27772674	266	285	surveillance screen	T058	C1444548
27772674	295	334	rapid polymerase chain reaction testing	T059	C1658604
27772674	340	346	second	T081	C0205436
27772674	356	371	geolocalization	T083	C0017446
27772674	376	392	cluster analysis	T062	C0009085
27772674	402	410	patients	T101	C0030705
27772674	430	440	identified	T080	C0205396
27772674	441	449	clusters	T081	C0012641
27772674	466	485	at-risk populations	T098	C0242444
27772674	505	515	high-yield	T081	C0392762
27772674	516	523	targets	T169	C1521840
27772674	528	560	preventive medical interventions	T061	C3836383
27772674	573	617	prospective observational surveillance study	T062	C0033522
27772674	619	627	Patients	T101	C0030705
27772674	633	641	screened	T058	C0220908
27772674	668	695	clinical decision guideline	T170	C0282451
27772674	711	722	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27772674	731	742	specificity	T081	C0037791
27772674	747	756	influenza	T047	C0021400
27772674	758	766	Patients	T101	C0030705
27772674	776	782	points	T081	C1552961
27772674	801	819	signs and symptoms	T184	C0037088
27772674	831	835	past	T079	C1444637
27772674	838	842	days	T079	C0439228
27772674	844	849	cough	T184	C0010200
27772674	862	870	headache	T184	C0018681
27772674	882	898	subjective fever	UnknownType	C0743979
27772674	914	930	documented fever	T184	C0015967
27772674	934	940	triage	T061	C0040861
27772674	942	953	temperature	T081	C0039476
27772674	982	990	Patients	T101	C0030705
27772674	991	998	scoring	T081	C0449820
27772674	1023	1032	indicated	T033	C1444656
27772674	1037	1046	influenza	T047	C0021400
27772674	1047	1054	testing	T169	C0039593
27772674	1056	1064	Patients	T101	C0030705
27772674	1070	1076	tested	T169	C0039593
27772674	1082	1091	Xpert Flu	T059	C1510438
27772674	1093	1100	Cepheid	T073,T092	C0683757
27772674	1102	1111	Sunnyvale	T083	C0017446
27772674	1113	1115	CA	T083	C0006754
27772674	1120	1156	rapid polymerase chain reaction test	T059	C1658604
27772674	1158	1166	Positive	T033	C1446409
27772674	1167	1174	results	T169	C1274040
27772674	1180	1186	mapped	T170	C3858752
27772674	1192	1198	ArcGIS	T170	C0815319
27772674	1200	1204	ESRI	T073,T092	C0683757
27772674	1206	1214	Redlands	T083	C0017446
27772674	1216	1218	CA	T083	C0006754
27772674	1224	1232	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27772674	1238	1263	kernel density estimation	T062	C4279908
27772674	1274	1283	heat maps	T073	C0024779
27772674	1302	1310	patients	T101	C0030705
27772674	1311	1317	tested	T169	C0039593
27772674	1323	1332	Xpert Flu	T059	C1510438
27772674	1338	1349	retrievable	T080	C0205556
27772674	1350	1359	addresses	T170	C1442065
27772674	1379	1397	Phoenix metro area	UnknownType	C0815251
27772674	1437	1443	tested	T169	C0039593
27772674	1444	1468	positive for influenza A	T034	C2748182
27772674	1481	1487	tested	T169	C0039593
27772674	1488	1512	positive for influenza B	T034	C2748175
27772674	1518	1535	influenza A virus	T005	C0029347
27772674	1548	1561	clear cluster	T081	C1704332
27772674	1562	1569	pattern	T082	C0449774
27772674	1582	1589	patient	T101	C0030705
27772674	1590	1600	population	T098	C1257890
27772674	1606	1621	densest cluster	T081	C1704332
27772674	1626	1633	located	T082	C0450429
27772674	1657	1668	square-mile	T081	C1552923
27772674	1669	1675	region	T083	C0017446
27772674	1676	1685	southeast	T082	C1711190
27772674	1693	1701	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27772674	1707	1727	layered-surveillance	T169	C0220920
27772674	1728	1736	approach	T082	C0449445
27772674	1741	1750	effective	T080	C1704419
27772674	1754	1764	localizing	T082	C0392752
27772674	1767	1774	cluster	T081	C1704332
27772674	1778	1789	influenza A	T047	C2062441
27772674	1790	1798	outbreak	T067	C0012652
27772674	1805	1811	region	T083	C0017446
27772674	1816	1821	house	T073	C2003847
27772674	1824	1834	high-yield	T081	C0392762
27772674	1835	1841	target	T169	C1521840
27772674	1842	1852	population	T098	C1257890
27772674	1857	1883	public health intervention	T058	C0699943
27772674	1893	1906	collaborative	T054	C0282116
27772674	1940	1948	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27772674	1957	1972	Maricopa County	T083	C3829199
27772674	1973	2000	Department of Public Health	T073,T093	C3897811
27772674	2004	2011	perform	T169	C0884358
27772674	2024	2033	community	T096	C0009462
27772674	2034	2045	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27772674	2046	2052	events	T051	C0441471
27772674	2069	2078	influenza	T047	C0021400
27772674	2079	2085	season	T079	C0036497
27772674	2134	2140	reduce	T080	C0392756
27772674	2145	2151	burden	T078	C2828008
27772674	2160	2167	disease	T047	C0012634
27772674	2175	2182	patient	T101	C0030705
27772674	2183	2193	population	T098	C1257890
27772674	2209	2215	system	T169	C0449913
27772674	2246	2252	future	T079	C0016884
27772674	2253	2267	investigations	T058	C0220825
27772674	2277	2296	at-risk populations	T098	C0242444

27773526|t|An S116R Phosphorylation Site Mutation in Human Fibroblast Growth Factor-1 Differentially Affects Mitogenic and Glucose-Lowering Activities
27773526|a|Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), a potent human mitogen and insulin sensitizer, signals through both tyrosine kinase receptor -mediated autocrine / paracrine pathways as well as a nuclear intracrine pathway. Phosphorylation of FGF-1 at serine 116 (S116) has been proposed to regulate intracrine signaling. Position S116 is located within a ∼17 amino acid C-terminal loop that contains a rich set of functional determinants including heparin ∖ heparan sulfate affinity, thiol reactivity, nuclear localization, pharmacokinetics, functional half-life, nuclear ligand affinity, stability, and structural dynamics. Mutational targeting of specific functionality in this region without perturbing other functional determinants is a design challenge. S116R is a non-phosphorylatable variant present in bovine FGF-1 and other members of the human FGF family. We show that the S116R mutation in human FGF-1 is accommodated with no perturbation of biophysical or structural properties, and is therefore an attractive mutation with which to elucidate the functional role of phosphorylation. Characterization of S116R shows reduction in NIH 3T3 fibroblast mitogenic stimulation, increase in fibroblast growth factor receptor-1c activation, and prolonged duration of glucose lowering in ob/ob hyperglycemic mice. A novel FGF-1 / fibroblast growth factor receptor-1c dimerization interaction combined with non-phosphorylatable intracrine signaling is hypothesized to be responsible for these observed functional effects.
27773526	3	29	S116R Phosphorylation Site	T087	C1519254
27773526	30	38	Mutation	T045	C0026882
27773526	42	47	Human	T016	C0086418
27773526	48	74	Fibroblast Growth Factor-1	T116,T123	C0079349
27773526	98	107	Mitogenic	T043	C1752930
27773526	112	139	Glucose-Lowering Activities	T033	C0860801
27773526	140	166	Fibroblast growth factor-1	T116,T123	C0079349
27773526	168	173	FGF-1	T116,T123	C0079349
27773526	185	190	human	T016	C0086418
27773526	191	198	mitogen	T116,T123	C0018284
27773526	203	210	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27773526	223	230	signals	T044	C0037080
27773526	244	268	tyrosine kinase receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0206364
27773526	279	288	autocrine	T043	C0525010
27773526	291	309	paracrine pathways	UnknownType	C0678844
27773526	323	330	nuclear	T082	C0521447
27773526	331	349	intracrine pathway	T044	C1154545
27773526	351	366	Phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27773526	370	375	FGF-1	T116,T123	C0079349
27773526	379	389	serine 116	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27773526	391	395	S116	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27773526	418	426	regulate	T044	C3158094
27773526	427	447	intracrine signaling	T044	C1154545
27773526	458	462	S116	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27773526	487	513	amino acid C-terminal loop	T087	C1707271
27773526	542	565	functional determinants	T123	C0574031
27773526	576	583	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27773526	586	601	heparan sulfate	T109,T123	C0019143
27773526	602	610	affinity	T070	C1510827
27773526	612	617	thiol	T109	C0038734
27773526	618	628	reactivity	T169	C0443286
27773526	630	650	nuclear localization	T087	C0525021
27773526	652	668	pharmacokinetics	T169	C0031328
27773526	670	680	functional	T169	C0205245
27773526	681	690	half-life	T079	C0018517
27773526	692	699	nuclear	T082	C0521447
27773526	700	706	ligand	T103	C0023688
27773526	707	715	affinity	T070	C1510827
27773526	717	726	stability	T080	C0205360
27773526	732	751	structural dynamics	T044	C0596957
27773526	753	763	Mutational	T045	C0026882
27773526	764	773	targeting	T169	C1521840
27773526	823	833	perturbing	T169	C0332453
27773526	840	863	functional determinants	T123	C0574031
27773526	887	892	S116R	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27773526	898	918	non-phosphorylatable	T033	C0243095
27773526	919	926	variant	T080	C0205419
27773526	938	944	bovine	T015	C3667982
27773526	945	950	FGF-1	T116,T123	C0079349
27773526	976	981	human	T016	C0086418
27773526	982	992	FGF family	T116,T123	C0016026
27773526	1011	1025	S116R mutation	T045	C0026882
27773526	1029	1034	human	T016	C0086418
27773526	1035	1040	FGF-1	T116,T123	C0079349
27773526	1065	1077	perturbation	T169	C0332453
27773526	1081	1092	biophysical	T070	C2350452
27773526	1096	1106	structural	T085	C0026383
27773526	1139	1149	attractive	T080	C2346874
27773526	1150	1158	mutation	T045	C0026882
27773526	1187	1197	functional	T169	C0205245
27773526	1206	1221	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27773526	1223	1239	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27773526	1243	1248	S116R	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27773526	1268	1275	NIH 3T3	T025	C1257739
27773526	1276	1286	fibroblast	T025	C0016030
27773526	1287	1308	mitogenic stimulation	T043	C1752930
27773526	1310	1318	increase	T169	C0442805
27773526	1322	1358	fibroblast growth factor receptor-1c	T116,T126,T192	C0170936
27773526	1359	1369	activation	T043	C1514758
27773526	1397	1413	glucose lowering	T033	C0860801
27773526	1417	1422	ob/ob	T047	C0028754
27773526	1423	1436	hyperglycemic	T047	C0020456
27773526	1437	1441	mice	T015	C0025929
27773526	1445	1450	novel	T080	C0205314
27773526	1451	1456	FGF-1	T116,T123	C0079349
27773526	1459	1495	fibroblast growth factor receptor-1c	T116,T126,T192	C0170936
27773526	1496	1508	dimerization	T070	C0376525
27773526	1509	1520	interaction	T169	C1704675
27773526	1521	1529	combined	T080	C0205195
27773526	1535	1555	non-phosphorylatable	T033	C0243095
27773526	1556	1576	intracrine signaling	T044	C1154545
27773526	1621	1629	observed	T169	C1441672

27773614|t|Geographical variations in incidence, management and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in a Western country
27773614|a|Information on the incidence, management, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is derived from population samples, regional data, or registries. Comprehensive national evaluations within a given country are lacking. This study aimed to investigate regional variations in HCC care within France. This observational study analysed data from French administrative databases for more than 30,000 patients with HCC diagnosed between 2009 and 2012, and followed-up until 2013. The incidence of HCC, access to surgery, and survival, at both the national level and two geographical levels (the 21 French regions and 95 French departments into which France is divided administratively), were determined. The influence on outcome of the structure of the hospital where HCC was first managed was assessed. At the national level, the median survival was 9.4 months and only 22.8% of patients had curative treatment. There were marked variations between regions and departments in incidence, access to curative treatment (range 1.3-28.8% and 8.1-32.3% respectively), and in median survival (range 5.7-12.1 and 4.3-16.5 months respectively). The administrative type and annual HCC - caseload of the hospital where patients were first admitted also had an independent influence on treatment and survival. Despite full insurance coverage for all citizens, national measures to reduce inequities in the management of cancer patients, standardised recommendations for HCC surveillance and management, the percentage of patients undergoing curative treatment and their survival may vary four-fold depending on their postcode. The hospital in which patients are first managed has a clear influence on accessibility to both good care and survival. Population-based studies have highlighted large and sometimes unexpected differences between countries in the survival of patients with malignancy. As these differences are considered to indicate the overall effectiveness of health systems, in addition to the incidence of the cancer or quality of registration, variations within a given country should be minimal. However, similar to between countries differences, this study shows differences within the same country in the incidence, curative treatment rate, and survival of patients with HCC. Evidence that access to care and survival varies within a country can strengthen the impetus for government and clinicians to address these disparities.
27773614	0	23	Geographical variations	T033	C0935553
27773614	27	36	incidence	T081	C0021149
27773614	38	48	management	T058	C0376636
27773614	53	61	survival	T081	C0038954
27773614	65	89	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27773614	95	110	Western country	T083	C0454664
27773614	111	122	Information	T078	C1533716
27773614	130	139	incidence	T081	C0021149
27773614	141	151	management	T058	C0376636
27773614	157	166	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27773614	170	194	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27773614	196	199	HCC	T191	C2239176
27773614	217	235	population samples	T098	C2348150
27773614	237	245	regional	T082	C0205147
27773614	246	250	data	T078	C1511726
27773614	255	265	registries	T170	C0034975
27773614	267	280	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27773614	281	289	national	T092	C1555720
27773614	290	301	evaluations	T058	C0220825
27773614	317	324	country	T083	C0454664
27773614	329	336	lacking	T080	C0332268
27773614	343	348	study	T062	C2603343
27773614	358	369	investigate	T169	C1292732
27773614	370	378	regional	T082	C0205147
27773614	379	389	variations	T080	C0205419
27773614	393	396	HCC	T191	C2239176
27773614	397	401	care	T052	C1947933
27773614	409	415	France	T083	C0016674
27773614	422	441	observational study	T062	C1518527
27773614	451	455	data	T078	C1511726
27773614	461	467	French	T098	C1556084
27773614	468	492	administrative databases	T170	C0242356
27773614	514	522	patients	T101	C0030705
27773614	528	531	HCC	T191	C2239176
27773614	532	541	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27773614	597	606	incidence	T081	C0021149
27773614	610	613	HCC	T191	C2239176
27773614	615	621	access	T082	C0444454
27773614	625	632	surgery	T061	C0543467
27773614	638	646	survival	T081	C0038954
27773614	660	674	national level	T082	C0681788
27773614	683	702	geographical levels	UnknownType	C0681784
27773614	711	725	French regions	T083	C0454828
27773614	733	739	French	T098	C1556084
27773614	740	751	departments	T092	C1704729
27773614	763	769	France	T083	C0016674
27773614	773	797	divided administratively	T092	C2919030
27773614	821	830	influence	T077	C4054723
27773614	834	841	outcome	T169	C1274040
27773614	866	874	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27773614	881	884	HCC	T191	C2239176
27773614	895	902	managed	T057	C1273870
27773614	907	915	assessed	T052	C1516048
27773614	924	938	national level	T082	C0681788
27773614	944	959	median survival	T079	C2986586
27773614	968	974	months	T079	C0439231
27773614	993	1001	patients	T101	C0030705
27773614	1006	1024	curative treatment	T033	C1273390
27773614	1063	1070	regions	T083	C0017446
27773614	1075	1086	departments	T092	C1704729
27773614	1090	1099	incidence	T081	C0021149
27773614	1101	1107	access	T082	C0444454
27773614	1111	1129	curative treatment	T033	C1273390
27773614	1183	1198	median survival	T079	C2986586
27773614	1200	1205	range	T081	C1514721
27773614	1228	1234	months	T079	C0439231
27773614	1254	1273	administrative type	T057	C0001554
27773614	1278	1284	annual	T079	C0332181
27773614	1285	1288	HCC	T191	C2239176
27773614	1291	1299	caseload	T081	C0814777
27773614	1307	1315	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27773614	1322	1330	patients	T101	C0030705
27773614	1342	1350	admitted	T058	C0184666
27773614	1363	1374	independent	T078	C0085862
27773614	1375	1384	influence	T077	C4054723
27773614	1388	1397	treatment	T061	C0087111
27773614	1402	1410	survival	T081	C0038954
27773614	1425	1443	insurance coverage	T078	C0376629
27773614	1452	1460	citizens	T098	C0682134
27773614	1462	1470	national	T092	C1555720
27773614	1471	1479	measures	T081	C0079809
27773614	1483	1500	reduce inequities	T080	C0242503
27773614	1508	1518	management	T058	C0376636
27773614	1522	1537	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
27773614	1552	1567	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27773614	1572	1575	HCC	T191	C2239176
27773614	1576	1588	surveillance	T061	C0038842
27773614	1593	1603	management	T058	C0376636
27773614	1609	1619	percentage	T081	C0439165
27773614	1623	1631	patients	T101	C0030705
27773614	1643	1661	curative treatment	T033	C1273390
27773614	1672	1680	survival	T081	C0038954
27773614	1719	1727	postcode	T033	C0421454
27773614	1733	1741	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27773614	1751	1759	patients	T101	C0030705
27773614	1770	1777	managed	T057	C1273870
27773614	1790	1799	influence	T077	C4054723
27773614	1803	1816	accessibility	T080	C0814423
27773614	1825	1834	good care	T052	C1947933
27773614	1839	1847	survival	T081	C0038954
27773614	1849	1873	Population-based studies	T062	C1709599
27773614	1942	1951	countries	T083	C0454664
27773614	1959	1967	survival	T081	C0038954
27773614	1971	1979	patients	T101	C0030705
27773614	1985	1995	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27773614	2057	2070	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27773614	2074	2088	health systems	T064	C1456613
27773614	2109	2118	incidence	T081	C0021149
27773614	2126	2132	cancer	T191	C0006826
27773614	2136	2143	quality	T080	C0332306
27773614	2147	2159	registration	T058	C1514821
27773614	2187	2194	country	T083	C0454664
27773614	2205	2212	minimal	T080	C0547040
27773614	2242	2251	countries	T083	C0454664
27773614	2270	2275	study	T062	C2603343
27773614	2310	2317	country	T083	C0454664
27773614	2325	2334	incidence	T081	C0021149
27773614	2336	2354	curative treatment	T033	C1273390
27773614	2355	2359	rate	T081	C1521828
27773614	2365	2373	survival	T081	C0038954
27773614	2377	2385	patients	T101	C0030705
27773614	2391	2394	HCC	T191	C2239176
27773614	2396	2404	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27773614	2420	2424	care	T052	C1947933
27773614	2429	2437	survival	T081	C0038954
27773614	2454	2461	country	T083	C0454664
27773614	2466	2488	strengthen the impetus	T080	C0205556
27773614	2493	2503	government	T092	C0018104
27773614	2508	2518	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27773614	2536	2547	disparities	T080	C1955989

27773678|t|Heart rate variability: Pre-deployment predictor of post-deployment PTSD symptoms
27773678|a|Heart rate variability is a physiological measure associated with autonomic nervous system activity. This study hypothesized that lower pre-deployment HRV would be associated with higher post-deployment post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Three-hundred-forty-three Army National Guard soldiers enrolled in the Warriors Achieving Resilience (WAR) study were analyzed. The primary outcome was PTSD symptom severity using the PTSD Checklist - Military version (PCL) measured at baseline, 3- and 12- month post-deployment. Heart rate variability predictor variables included: high frequency power (HF) and standard deviation of the normal cardiac inter-beat interval (SDNN). Generalized linear mixed models revealed that the pre-deployment PCL * ln(HF) interaction term was significant (p<0.0001). Pre-deployment SDNN was not a significant predictor of post-deployment PCL. Covariates included age, pre-deployment PCL, race / ethnicity, marital status, tobacco use, childhood abuse, pre-deployment traumatic brain injury, and previous combat zone deployment. Pre-deployment heart rate variability predicts post-deployment PTSD symptoms in the context of higher pre-deployment PCL scores.
27773678	0	10	Heart rate	T201	C0018810
27773678	11	22	variability	T077	C2827666
27773678	24	38	Pre-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	39	48	predictor	T078	C2698872
27773678	52	67	post-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	68	72	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27773678	73	81	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27773678	82	92	Heart rate	T201	C0018810
27773678	93	104	variability	T077	C2827666
27773678	148	172	autonomic nervous system	T022	C0004388
27773678	173	181	activity	T052	C0441655
27773678	188	193	study	T062	C2603343
27773678	218	232	pre-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	233	236	HRV	T039	C2350828
27773678	269	284	post-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	285	315	post-traumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
27773678	317	321	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27773678	323	331	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27773678	359	387	Army National Guard soldiers	T097	C0524647
27773678	404	445	Warriors Achieving Resilience (WAR) study	T062	C2603343
27773678	473	480	outcome	T169	C1274040
27773678	485	489	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27773678	490	497	symptom	T184	C1457887
27773678	498	506	severity	T080	C0392364
27773678	517	521	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27773678	522	531	Checklist	T170	C0451524
27773678	534	542	Military	T097	C3245458
27773678	543	550	version	T170	C0333052
27773678	552	555	PCL	T170	C0451524
27773678	569	577	baseline	T081	C1442488
27773678	590	595	month	T079	C0439231
27773678	596	611	post-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	613	623	Heart rate	T201	C0018810
27773678	624	635	variability	T077	C2827666
27773678	636	645	predictor	T078	C2698872
27773678	646	655	variables	T080	C0439828
27773678	666	686	high frequency power	T081	C3854080
27773678	688	690	HF	T081	C3854080
27773678	696	714	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27773678	729	747	cardiac inter-beat	T042	C0425583
27773678	748	756	interval	T079	C1272706
27773678	758	762	SDNN	T079	C1272706
27773678	777	796	linear mixed models	T170	C3161035
27773678	815	829	pre-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	830	833	PCL	T170	C0451524
27773678	836	854	ln(HF) interaction	T081	C0237688
27773678	888	902	Pre-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	903	907	SDNN	T079	C1272706
27773678	930	939	predictor	T078	C2698872
27773678	943	958	post-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	959	962	PCL	T170	C0451524
27773678	964	974	Covariates	T080	C0439828
27773678	984	987	age	T032	C0001779
27773678	989	1003	pre-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	1004	1007	PCL	T170	C0451524
27773678	1009	1013	race	T098	C0034510
27773678	1016	1025	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
27773678	1027	1041	marital status	T102	C0024819
27773678	1043	1054	tobacco use	T055	C0543414
27773678	1056	1071	childhood abuse	T048	C0008060
27773678	1073	1087	pre-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	1088	1110	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
27773678	1125	1136	combat zone	T082	C1710706
27773678	1137	1147	deployment	T052	C2825812
27773678	1149	1163	Pre-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	1164	1174	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27773678	1175	1186	variability	T077	C2827666
27773678	1196	1211	post-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	1212	1216	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27773678	1217	1225	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27773678	1251	1265	pre-deployment	T079	C1254367
27773678	1266	1269	PCL	T170	C0451524
27773678	1270	1276	scores	T081	C0449820

27773722|t|Prediction of pharmacokinetic and toxicological parameters of a 4-phenylcoumarin isolated from geopropolis: In silico and in vitro approaches
27773722|a|In silico and in vitro methodologies have been used as important tools in the drug discovery process, including from natural sources. The aim of this study was to predict pharmacokinetic and toxicity (ADME / Tox) properties of a coumarin isolated from geopropolis using in silico and in vitro approaches. Cinnamoyloxy-mammeisin (CNM) isolated from Brazilian M. scutellaris geopropolis was evaluated for its pharmacokinetic parameters by in silico models (ACD/Percepta™ and MetaDrug™ software). Genotoxicity was assessed by in vitro DNA damage signaling PCR array. CNM did not pass all parameters of Lipinski's rule of five, with a predicted low oral bioavailability and high plasma protein binding, but with good predicted blood brain barrier penetration. CNM was predicted to show low affinity to cytochrome P450 family members. Furthermore, the predicted Ames test indicated potential mutagenicity of CNM. Also, the probability of toxicity for organs and tissues was classified as moderate and high for liver and kidney, and moderate and low for skin and eye irritation, respectively. The PCR array analysis showed that CNM significantly upregulated about 7% of all DNA damage-related genes. By exploring the biological function of these genes, it was found that the predicted CNM genotoxicity is likely to be mediated by apoptosis. The predicted ADME / Tox profile suggests that external use of CNM may be preferable to systemic exposure, while its genotoxicity was characterized by the upregulation of apoptosis-related genes after treatment. The combined use of in silico and in vitro approaches to evaluate these parameters generated useful hypotheses to guide further preclinical studies.
27773722	0	10	Prediction	T078	C0681842
27773722	14	29	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27773722	34	58	toxicological parameters	T080	C0040539
27773722	64	80	4-phenylcoumarin	T109	C0299275
27773722	81	89	isolated	T169	C0205409
27773722	95	106	geopropolis	T121	C1254351
27773722	108	117	In silico	T066	C3489666
27773722	122	130	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27773722	142	151	In silico	T066	C3489666
27773722	156	164	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27773722	165	178	methodologies	T078	C3266812
27773722	220	234	drug discovery	T062	C0920472
27773722	259	274	natural sources	T033	C0243095
27773722	292	297	study	T062	C2603343
27773722	313	328	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27773722	333	341	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27773722	343	347	ADME	T062	C1510686
27773722	350	353	Tox	T080	C0040539
27773722	371	379	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
27773722	380	388	isolated	T169	C0205409
27773722	394	405	geopropolis	T121	C1254351
27773722	412	421	in silico	T066	C3489666
27773722	426	434	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27773722	447	469	Cinnamoyloxy-mammeisin	T121	C1254351
27773722	471	474	CNM	T121	C1254351
27773722	476	484	isolated	T169	C0205409
27773722	490	499	Brazilian	T083	C0006137
27773722	500	514	M. scutellaris	T204	C1499394
27773722	515	526	geopropolis	T121	C1254351
27773722	549	575	pharmacokinetic parameters	T169	C0031328
27773722	579	595	in silico models	T075	C0026336
27773722	597	610	ACD/Percepta™	T170	C0282574
27773722	615	633	MetaDrug™ software	T170	C0282574
27773722	636	648	Genotoxicity	T049	C0598309
27773722	665	673	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27773722	674	684	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27773722	695	704	PCR array	T063	C3899376
27773722	706	709	CNM	T121	C1254351
27773722	727	737	parameters	T170	C0282574
27773722	741	764	Lipinski's rule of five	T170	C0282574
27773722	787	791	oral	T082	C0442027
27773722	792	807	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27773722	817	839	plasma protein binding	T042	C0032119
27773722	865	896	blood brain barrier penetration	T042	C1254358
27773722	898	901	CNM	T121	C1254351
27773722	928	936	affinity	T070	C1510827
27773722	940	962	cytochrome P450 family	T116,T126	C0010762
27773722	999	1008	Ames test	T059,T063	C0598910
27773722	1029	1041	mutagenicity	T070	C1254365
27773722	1045	1048	CNM	T121	C1254351
27773722	1060	1071	probability	T081	C0033204
27773722	1075	1083	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27773722	1088	1094	organs	T023	C0178784
27773722	1099	1106	tissues	T024	C0040300
27773722	1147	1152	liver	T023	C0023884
27773722	1157	1163	kidney	T023	C0022646
27773722	1190	1194	skin	T033	C0152030
27773722	1199	1213	eye irritation	T033	C0235266
27773722	1233	1242	PCR array	T063	C3899376
27773722	1264	1267	CNM	T121	C1254351
27773722	1282	1293	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27773722	1310	1328	DNA damage-related	T049	C0012860
27773722	1329	1334	genes	T028	C0017337
27773722	1353	1372	biological function	T038	C3714634
27773722	1382	1387	genes	T028	C0017337
27773722	1421	1424	CNM	T121	C1254351
27773722	1425	1437	genotoxicity	T049	C0598309
27773722	1466	1475	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27773722	1491	1495	ADME	T062	C1510686
27773722	1498	1501	Tox	T080	C0040539
27773722	1540	1543	CNM	T121	C1254351
27773722	1565	1573	systemic	T169	C0205373
27773722	1574	1582	exposure	T080	C0332157
27773722	1594	1606	genotoxicity	T049	C0598309
27773722	1632	1644	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27773722	1648	1665	apoptosis-related	T043	C0162638
27773722	1666	1671	genes	T028	C0017337
27773722	1678	1687	treatment	T061	C0087111
27773722	1709	1718	in silico	T066	C3489666
27773722	1723	1731	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27773722	1761	1771	parameters	T170	C0282574
27773722	1789	1799	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
27773722	1817	1836	preclinical studies	T062	C1709631

27774519|t|Radiotherapy: Changing the Game in Immunotherapy
27774519|a|Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective in cancer treatment. A pre-existing immune response demonstrated by significant pretreatment tumor lymphocytic infiltration is a pre-requisite for response. Within such infiltrated tumors, referred as "hot", immune checkpoint inhibitors rescue anti-tumor T cells activity. In contrast, "cold" tumors lack lymphocytic infiltration and are refractory to immunotherapy. Preclinical data show that radiotherapy sensitizes refractory tumors to immune checkpoint inhibitors by recruiting anti-tumor T cells. Despite the growing number of clinical studies testing radiation's ability to enhance immunotherapy, clinical evidence that it converts cold tumors into responsive ones remains elusive. Here we review evidence that radiotherapy is not only an occasional enhancer of immunotherapy's effects but a "game changer", and propose a blueprint to test this.
27774519	0	12	Radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27774519	35	48	Immunotherapy	T061	C0021083
27774519	49	55	Immune	T022	C0020962
27774519	56	77	checkpoint inhibitors	T121	C1254351
27774519	95	111	cancer treatment	T061	C0920425
27774519	128	143	immune response	T042	C0301872
27774519	172	184	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27774519	185	215	tumor lymphocytic infiltration	T047	C1262091
27774519	239	247	response	T042	C0301872
27774519	261	279	infiltrated tumors	T191	C0677898
27774519	300	306	immune	T022	C0020962
27774519	307	328	checkpoint inhibitors	T121	C1254351
27774519	347	363	T cells activity	T044	C1152851
27774519	378	391	"cold" tumors	T191	C0027651
27774519	397	421	lymphocytic infiltration	T047	C1262091
27774519	444	457	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083
27774519	459	475	Preclinical data	T170	C1516606
27774519	486	498	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27774519	510	527	refractory tumors	T191	C1335729
27774519	531	537	immune	T022	C0020962
27774519	538	559	checkpoint inhibitors	T121	C1254351
27774519	574	584	anti-tumor	T109,T121	C0003392
27774519	585	592	T cells	T025	C0039194
27774519	624	640	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27774519	649	660	radiation's	T070	C0851346
27774519	680	693	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083
27774519	695	712	clinical evidence	T078	C3887511
27774519	730	741	cold tumors	T191	C0027651
27774519	788	794	review	T080	C1704362
27774519	809	821	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27774519	860	875	immunotherapy's	T061	C0021083

27775720|t|A neuronal PI(3,4,5)P3 -dependent program of oligodendrocyte precursor recruitment and myelination
27775720|a|The molecular trigger of CNS myelination is unknown. By targeting Pten in cerebellar granule cells and activating the AKT1 - mTOR pathway, we increased the caliber of normally unmyelinated axons and the expression of numerous genes encoding regulatory proteins. This led to the expansion of genetically wild-type oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, oligodendrocyte differentiation and de novo myelination of parallel fibers. Thus, a neuronal program dependent on the phosphoinositide PI(3,4,5)P3 is sufficient to trigger all steps of myelination.
27775720	2	10	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27775720	11	22	PI(3,4,5)P3	T109	C0765553
27775720	34	41	program	T169	C3484370
27775720	45	60	oligodendrocyte	T025	C0028944
27775720	61	70	precursor	T078	C1709634
27775720	71	82	recruitment	T052	C2949735
27775720	87	98	myelination	T043	C0596991
27775720	103	120	molecular trigger	T044	C1148560
27775720	124	127	CNS	T022	C3714787
27775720	128	139	myelination	T043	C0596991
27775720	143	150	unknown	T080	C0439673
27775720	155	164	targeting	T169	C1521840
27775720	165	169	Pten	T116,T126	C1530899
27775720	173	197	cerebellar granule cells	T025	C0007634
27775720	202	212	activating	T052	C1879547
27775720	217	221	AKT1	T116,T126	C0285558
27775720	224	228	mTOR	T116,T123	C0293060
27775720	229	236	pathway	T044	C0086982
27775720	241	250	increased	T081	C0205217
27775720	266	274	normally	T080	C0205307
27775720	275	293	unmyelinated axons	T026	C1179986
27775720	302	312	expression	T045	C1171362
27775720	316	324	numerous	T081	C0439064
27775720	325	330	genes	T028	C0017337
27775720	331	339	encoding	T052	C2700640
27775720	340	359	regulatory proteins	T116,T123	C0815047
27775720	377	386	expansion	T043	C0007595
27775720	390	411	genetically wild-type	T028	C1883559
27775720	412	427	oligodendrocyte	T025	C0028944
27775720	428	444	progenitor cells	T025	C0038250
27775720	446	461	oligodendrocyte	T025	C0028944
27775720	462	477	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27775720	482	489	de novo	T078	C1515568
27775720	490	501	myelination	T043	C0596991
27775720	505	520	parallel fibers	T026	C3546707
27775720	530	538	neuronal	T025	C0027882
27775720	539	546	program	T169	C3484370
27775720	564	580	phosphoinositide	T109,T123	C0031621
27775720	581	592	PI(3,4,5)P3	T109	C0765553
27775720	610	617	trigger	T044	C1148560
27775720	622	627	steps	T077	C1261552
27775720	631	642	myelination	T043	C0596991

27775803|t|Long noncoding RNA PVT1 as a novel serum biomarker for detection of cervical cancer
27775803|a|To investigate long noncoding RNA PVT1 expression in the serum of cervical cancer patients, and to evaluate serum PVT1 level as a diagnostic biomarker for cervical cancer. Eighty-eight cervical cancer patients, 64 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia patients, 25 breast cancer patients, 25 ovarian cancer patients, and 111 healthy control subjects were enrolled into this study. PVT1 serum level in these participants and PVT1 expression in 20 pairs of cervical cancer tissues and adjacent paired normal tissues was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic values of serum PVT1 were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves analysis. Serum PVT1 level is significantly increased in cervical cancer patients and correlated with tumor size, clinical stage, and lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer. Serum PVT1 could accurately discriminate cervical cancer patients from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia patients and healthy control subjects, and also discriminate early stage cervical cancer patients from healthy control subjects. But serum PVT1 level is not changed in breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, serum PVT1 level is positively correlated with tissue PVT1 expression, and could indicate cervical cancer dynamics. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 may be a novel noninvasive biomarker for early diagnosis of cervical cancer.
27775803	0	23	Long noncoding RNA PVT1	T028	C0812285
27775803	35	40	serum	T031	C0229671
27775803	41	50	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27775803	68	83	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27775803	99	122	long noncoding RNA PVT1	T028	C0812285
27775803	141	146	serum	T031	C0229671
27775803	150	165	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27775803	166	174	patients	T101	C0030705
27775803	192	197	serum	T031	C0229671
27775803	198	202	PVT1	T116,T123	C0919548
27775803	203	208	level	T080	C0441889
27775803	214	224	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27775803	225	234	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27775803	239	254	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27775803	269	284	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27775803	285	293	patients	T101	C0030705
27775803	298	332	cervical intraepithelial neoplasia	T191	C0206708
27775803	333	341	patients	T101	C0030705
27775803	346	359	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27775803	360	368	patients	T101	C0030705
27775803	373	387	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27775803	388	396	patients	T101	C0030705
27775803	406	430	healthy control subjects	T080	C2986479
27775803	462	466	PVT1	T116,T123	C0919548
27775803	467	472	serum	T031	C0229671
27775803	473	478	level	T080	C0441889
27775803	505	509	PVT1	T028	C0812285
27775803	536	551	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27775803	624	671	reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0599161
27775803	677	687	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27775803	688	694	values	T080	C0042295
27775803	698	703	serum	T031	C0229671
27775803	704	708	PVT1	T116,T123	C0919548
27775803	727	776	receiver operating characteristic curves analysis	T081	C0035787
27775803	778	783	Serum	T031	C0229671
27775803	784	788	PVT1	T116,T123	C0919548
27775803	789	794	level	T080	C0441889
27775803	825	840	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27775803	841	849	patients	T101	C0030705
27775803	870	880	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27775803	882	896	clinical stage	T079	C0205563
27775803	902	923	lymph node metastasis	T191	C0686619
27775803	927	942	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27775803	944	949	Serum	T031	C0229671
27775803	950	954	PVT1	T116,T123	C0919548
27775803	985	1000	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27775803	1001	1009	patients	T101	C0030705
27775803	1015	1049	cervical intraepithelial neoplasia	T191	C0206708
27775803	1050	1058	patients	T101	C0030705
27775803	1063	1087	healthy control subjects	T080	C2986479
27775803	1123	1138	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27775803	1139	1147	patients	T101	C0030705
27775803	1153	1177	healthy control subjects	T080	C2986479
27775803	1183	1188	serum	T031	C0229671
27775803	1189	1193	PVT1	T116,T123	C0919548
27775803	1194	1199	level	T080	C0441889
27775803	1251	1259	patients	T101	C0030705
27775803	1274	1279	serum	T031	C0229671
27775803	1280	1284	PVT1	T116,T123	C0919548
27775803	1285	1290	level	T080	C0441889
27775803	1328	1332	PVT1	T028	C0812285
27775803	1364	1379	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
27775803	1390	1413	Long noncoding RNA PVT1	T028	C0812285
27775803	1429	1440	noninvasive	T185	C2986496
27775803	1441	1450	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27775803	1455	1470	early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
27775803	1474	1489	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328

27775984|t|Hydrofiber Dressing Saturated With Mafenide Acetate Extends the Duration of Antimicrobial Activity
27775984|a|Mafenide acetate is used in some burn wounds for its ability to penetrate eschar but requires frequent uncomfortable dressing changes for its application. The authors hypothesize that hydrofiber dressings will hold mafenide acetate solution for an extended period of time and maintain antimicrobial activity longer than traditional gauze, thus possibly obviating the need for frequent dressing changes. Four experimental arms included: 1) hydrofiber, stored on a dry well plate as control, 2) gauze saturated with 2.5% mafenide acetate, stored on nonsterile porcine skin, 3) hydrofiber saturated with mafenide acetate, stored on dry well plate, and 4) hydrofiber saturated with mafenide acetate, stored on nonsterile porcine skin. At 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours, a 1-cm disk was cut from the dressing sheet of each study arm, placed on agar plates seeded with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and incubated for 24 hours, and the zone of inhibition was measured. A zone of 2 mm or greater was indicative of susceptibility. Each arm of the experiment was performed four times to demonstrate reproducibility. Plain hydrofiber (control) demonstrated no zone of inhibition at any time point, thereby possessing no antimicrobial activity alone. Gauze saturated with mafenide acetate did not reliably demonstrate antimicrobial activity beyond 0 hours. Hydrofiber saturated with mafenide acetate, whether stored on a dry well plate or nonsterile porcine skin, consistently possessed sustained antimicrobial activity as demonstrated by zones of inhibition greater than 2 mm to both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Mafenide acetate - soaked hydrofiber dressings stay moist and maintain antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa for at least 72 hours without repeated soaks.
27775984	0	10	Hydrofiber	T074	C3845922
27775984	11	19	Dressing	T074	C0013119
27775984	20	29	Saturated	T070	C0522534
27775984	35	51	Mafenide Acetate	T109,T121	C0024453
27775984	52	59	Extends	T082	C0439792
27775984	64	72	Duration	T079	C0449238
27775984	76	98	Antimicrobial Activity	T034	C1271650
27775984	99	115	Mafenide acetate	T109,T121	C0024453
27775984	132	143	burn wounds	T037	C0006434
27775984	152	159	ability	T032	C0085732
27775984	163	172	penetrate	T169	C0205321
27775984	173	179	eschar	T046	C0521172
27775984	193	201	frequent	T079	C0332183
27775984	216	232	dressing changes	T061	C0085671
27775984	241	252	application	UnknownType	C0869019
27775984	258	265	authors	T097	C3812881
27775984	266	277	hypothesize	T078	C1512571
27775984	283	303	hydrofiber dressings	T074	C0013119
27775984	314	339	mafenide acetate solution	T109,T121	C0024453
27775984	347	355	extended	T082	C0439792
27775984	356	370	period of time	T079	C1948053
27775984	384	406	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
27775984	419	436	traditional gauze	T074	C0590323
27775984	452	461	obviating	T080	C0849355
27775984	475	483	frequent	T079	C0332183
27775984	484	500	dressing changes	T061	C0085671
27775984	507	524	experimental arms	T098	C2349001
27775984	538	548	hydrofiber	T074	C3845922
27775984	550	556	stored	T169	C1698986
27775984	562	565	dry	T080	C0205222
27775984	566	576	well plate	T082	C4283957
27775984	580	587	control	T167	C1550141
27775984	592	597	gauze	T074	C0590323
27775984	598	607	saturated	T070	C0522534
27775984	618	634	mafenide acetate	T109,T121	C0024453
27775984	636	642	stored	T169	C1698986
27775984	657	669	porcine skin	T061	C0191501
27775984	674	684	hydrofiber	T074	C3845922
27775984	685	694	saturated	T070	C0522534
27775984	700	716	mafenide acetate	T109,T121	C0024453
27775984	718	724	stored	T169	C1698986
27775984	728	731	dry	T080	C0205222
27775984	732	742	well plate	T082	C4283957
27775984	751	761	hydrofiber	T074	C0025080
27775984	762	771	saturated	T070	C0522534
27775984	777	793	mafenide acetate	T109,T121	C0024453
27775984	795	801	stored	T169	C1698986
27775984	816	828	porcine skin	T061	C0191501
27775984	851	856	hours	T079	C0439227
27775984	865	869	disk	T082	C2348299
27775984	887	901	dressing sheet	T074	C0013119
27775984	910	919	study arm	T098	C2349001
27775984	931	942	agar plates	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
27775984	943	949	seeded	T059	C1705192
27775984	955	976	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27775984	981	1003	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27775984	1009	1018	incubated	T059	C1439852
27775984	1026	1031	hours	T079	C0439227
27775984	1041	1045	zone	T082	C1710706
27775984	1049	1059	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27775984	1064	1072	measured	T080	C0444706
27775984	1076	1080	zone	T082	C1710706
27775984	1092	1099	greater	T081	C1704243
27775984	1104	1114	indicative	T052	C1882932
27775984	1118	1132	susceptibility	T169	C0231204
27775984	1139	1142	arm	T098	C2349001
27775984	1150	1160	experiment	T062	C0681814
27775984	1165	1174	performed	T169	C0884358
27775984	1180	1185	times	T081	C1632851
27775984	1201	1216	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27775984	1218	1234	Plain hydrofiber	T074	C3845922
27775984	1236	1243	control	T167	C1550141
27775984	1261	1265	zone	T082	C1710706
27775984	1269	1279	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27775984	1287	1297	time point	T079	C2348792
27775984	1307	1317	possessing	T078	C3154893
27775984	1321	1343	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
27775984	1351	1356	Gauze	T074	C0590323
27775984	1357	1366	saturated	T070	C0522534
27775984	1372	1388	mafenide acetate	T109,T121	C0024453
27775984	1418	1440	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
27775984	1450	1455	hours	T079	C0439227
27775984	1457	1467	Hydrofiber	T074	C3845922
27775984	1468	1477	saturated	T070	C0522534
27775984	1483	1499	mafenide acetate	T109,T121	C0024453
27775984	1521	1524	dry	T080	C0205222
27775984	1525	1535	well plate	T082	C4283957
27775984	1550	1562	porcine skin	T061	C0191501
27775984	1577	1586	possessed	T078	C3154893
27775984	1587	1596	sustained	T169	C0443318
27775984	1597	1619	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
27775984	1639	1644	zones	T082	C1710706
27775984	1648	1658	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27775984	1659	1666	greater	T081	C1704243
27775984	1685	1694	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27775984	1699	1712	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27775984	1714	1730	Mafenide acetate	T109,T121	C0024453
27775984	1733	1760	soaked hydrofiber dressings	T169	C0694642
27775984	1766	1771	moist	T080	C0205381
27775984	1785	1807	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
27775984	1816	1825	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27775984	1830	1843	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27775984	1860	1865	hours	T079	C0439227
27775984	1874	1882	repeated	T169	C0205341
27775984	1883	1888	soaks	T061	C0204774

27776171|t|Analysis of Research Activity in Gastroenterology: Pancreatitis Is in Real Danger
27776171|a|Biomedical investment trends in 2015 show a huge decrease of investment in gastroenterology. Since academic research usually provides the basis for industrial research and development (R&D), our aim was to understand research trends in the field of gastroenterology over the last 50 years and identify the most endangered areas. We searched for PubMed hits for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases for the 1965-2015 period. Overall, 1,554,325 articles were analyzed. Since pancreatology was identified as the most endangered field of research within gastroenterology, we carried out a detailed evaluation of research activity in pancreatology. In 1965, among the major benign GI disorders, 51.9% of the research was performed on hepatitis, 25.7% on pancreatitis, 21.7% on upper GI diseases and only 0.7% on the lower GI disorders. Half a century later, in 2015, research on hepatitis and upper GI diseases had not changed significantly; however, studies on pancreatitis had dropped to 10.7%, while work on the lower GI disorders had risen to 23.4%. With regard to the malignant disorders (including liver, gastric, colon, pancreatic and oesophageal cancer), no such large-scale changes were observed in the last 50 years. Detailed analyses revealed that besides the drop in research activity in pancreatitis, there are serious problems with the quality of the studies as well. Only 6.8% of clinical trials on pancreatitis were registered and only 5.5% of these registered trials were multicentre and multinational (more than five centres and nations), i.e., the kind that provides the highest level of impact and evidence level. There has been a clear drop in research activity in pancreatitis. New international networks and far more academic R&D activities should be established in order to find the first therapy specifically for acute pancreatitis.
27776171	0	8	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27776171	12	29	Research Activity	T062	C0242481
27776171	33	49	Gastroenterology	T091	C0017163
27776171	51	63	Pancreatitis	T047	C0030305
27776171	82	92	Biomedical	T091	C1879848
27776171	93	103	investment	T073	C0021953
27776171	104	110	trends	T079	C1521798
27776171	131	139	decrease	T081	C0547047
27776171	143	153	investment	T073	C0021953
27776171	157	173	gastroenterology	T091	C0017163
27776171	181	189	academic	T092	C1510747
27776171	190	198	research	T062	C0035168
27776171	230	240	industrial	T057	C0021267
27776171	241	265	research and development	T062	C0035170
27776171	267	270	R&D	T062	C0035170
27776171	299	307	research	T062	C0035168
27776171	308	314	trends	T079	C1521798
27776171	331	347	gastroenterology	T091	C0017163
27776171	365	370	years	T079	C0439234
27776171	427	433	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27776171	443	473	gastrointestinal (GI) diseases	T047	C0017178
27776171	519	527	articles	T170	C0282420
27776171	533	541	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27776171	610	618	research	T062	C0035168
27776171	626	642	gastroenterology	T091	C0017163
27776171	684	701	research activity	T062	C0242481
27776171	745	751	benign	T080	C0205183
27776171	752	764	GI disorders	T047	C0017178
27776171	779	787	research	T062	C0035168
27776171	805	814	hepatitis	T047	C0019158
27776171	825	837	pancreatitis	T047	C0030305
27776171	848	853	upper	T082	C1282910
27776171	854	865	GI diseases	T047	C0017178
27776171	887	892	lower	T082	C0441994
27776171	893	905	GI disorders	T047	C0017178
27776171	938	946	research	T062	C0035168
27776171	950	959	hepatitis	T047	C0019158
27776171	964	969	upper	T082	C1282910
27776171	970	981	GI diseases	T047	C0017178
27776171	1022	1029	studies	T062	C2603343
27776171	1033	1045	pancreatitis	T047	C0030305
27776171	1050	1057	dropped	T081	C0205216
27776171	1074	1078	work	T062	C0035168
27776171	1086	1091	lower	T082	C0441994
27776171	1092	1104	GI disorders	T047	C0017178
27776171	1109	1114	risen	T081	C0205217
27776171	1144	1163	malignant disorders	T047	C0442867
27776171	1175	1180	liver	T191	C0345904
27776171	1182	1189	gastric	T191	C0024623
27776171	1191	1196	colon	T191	C0699790
27776171	1198	1208	pancreatic	T191	C0235974
27776171	1213	1231	oesophageal cancer	T191	C0546837
27776171	1291	1296	years	T079	C0439234
27776171	1307	1315	analyses	T062	C0936012
27776171	1342	1346	drop	T081	C0205216
27776171	1350	1367	research activity	T062	C0242481
27776171	1371	1383	pancreatitis	T047	C0030305
27776171	1421	1428	quality	T080	C0332306
27776171	1436	1443	studies	T062	C2603343
27776171	1466	1481	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27776171	1485	1497	pancreatitis	T047	C0030305
27776171	1503	1513	registered	T058	C1514821
27776171	1537	1547	registered	T058	C1514821
27776171	1548	1554	trials	T062	C0008976
27776171	1560	1571	multicentre	T062	C0206012
27776171	1576	1589	multinational	T078	C1512888
27776171	1606	1613	centres	T073,T093	C0475309
27776171	1618	1625	nations	T083	C0454664
27776171	1678	1684	impact	T080	C4049986
27776171	1689	1703	evidence level	T033	C0393009
27776171	1728	1732	drop	T081	C0205216
27776171	1736	1753	research activity	T062	C0242481
27776171	1757	1769	pancreatitis	T047	C0030305
27776171	1775	1797	international networks	T064	C0870735
27776171	1811	1819	academic	T092	C1510747
27776171	1820	1834	R&D activities	T062	C0035170
27776171	1884	1891	therapy	T169	C0039798
27776171	1909	1927	acute pancreatitis	T047	C0001339

27776422|t|What is competent communication behaviour of patients in physician consultations? - Chronically-ill patients answer in focus groups
27776422|a|Many desirable outcomes depend on good patient-physician communication. Patient -based perspectives of what constitutes competent communication behavior with physicians are needed for patient-oriented health care. Therefore it was our main aim to identify competent patient communication skills from the patient's perspective. We also wanted to reveal any differences in opinion among various groups (chronic ischemic heart disease, chronic low back pain, breast cancer). This study examined nine guideline - supported focus groups in rehabilitation centers. The criterion for study inclusion was any one of the three diagnoses. Enrolled in the study were N = 49 patients (32 women) aged M = 60.1 (SD = 12.8). The interview recordings were transcribed and subjected to content analysis. We documented 396 commentaries in these interviews that were allocated to 82 different codes; these in turn resulted in the formation of 12 main topics. Examples are: posing questions, being an active and participatory patient, being aware of emotions and communicating them. This study represents stage two (' documentation of patient and clinician views ') in the seven-stage model of communication research. Findings reveal that chronically-ill patients name behaviours that contribute to successful discussion with a physician. These enable us to develop communication trainings and design-measuring tools used for patient -based communication skills.
27776422	8	17	competent	T080	C0086035
27776422	18	31	communication	T054	C0009452
27776422	32	41	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27776422	45	53	patients	T101	C0030705
27776422	57	80	physician consultations	T058	C3693724
27776422	84	99	Chronically-ill	T047	C0008715
27776422	100	108	patients	T101	C0030705
27776422	109	115	answer	T170	C1706817
27776422	119	131	focus groups	T096	C0016400
27776422	137	146	desirable	T080	C0205556
27776422	147	155	outcomes	T062	C0543472
27776422	171	202	patient-physician communication	T054	C0871854
27776422	204	211	Patient	T101	C0030705
27776422	219	231	perspectives	UnknownType	C0678958
27776422	252	261	competent	T080	C0086035
27776422	262	275	communication	T054	C0009452
27776422	276	284	behavior	T053	C0004927
27776422	290	300	physicians	T097	C0031831
27776422	316	332	patient-oriented	T080	C0205556
27776422	333	344	health care	T058	C0086388
27776422	372	375	aim	T078	C1947946
27776422	388	397	competent	T080	C0086035
27776422	398	405	patient	T101	C0030705
27776422	406	426	communication skills	T032	C0870313
27776422	436	445	patient's	T101	C0030705
27776422	446	457	perspective	UnknownType	C0678958
27776422	477	483	reveal	T080	C0443289
27776422	488	499	differences	T080	C1705242
27776422	503	510	opinion	T041	C0871010
27776422	525	531	groups	T078	C0441833
27776422	533	563	chronic ischemic heart disease	T047	C0264694
27776422	565	586	chronic low back pain	T047	C0457949
27776422	588	601	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27776422	609	614	study	T062	C2603343
27776422	629	638	guideline	T170	C0162791
27776422	641	650	supported	T077	C1521721
27776422	651	663	focus groups	T096	C0016400
27776422	667	689	rehabilitation centers	T073,T093	C0034993
27776422	695	704	criterion	T078	C0243161
27776422	709	714	study	T062	C2603343
27776422	715	724	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27776422	750	759	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27776422	777	782	study	T062	C2603343
27776422	795	803	patients	T101	C0030705
27776422	808	813	women	T098	C0043210
27776422	846	866	interview recordings	T058	C2316646
27776422	872	883	transcribed	T033	C4036062
27776422	888	897	subjected	T169	C1550501
27776422	901	917	content analysis	T062	C0681915
27776422	922	932	documented	T058	C1301725
27776422	937	949	commentaries	T170	C0282411
27776422	959	969	interviews	T052	C0021822
27776422	980	989	allocated	T052	C1706778
27776422	996	1005	different	T080	C1705242
27776422	1006	1011	codes	T170	C0805701
27776422	1027	1035	resulted	T169	C1274040
27776422	1043	1052	formation	T169	C1522492
27776422	1064	1070	topics	T170	C1555712
27776422	1086	1102	posing questions	T033	C0243095
27776422	1113	1119	active	T169	C0205177
27776422	1124	1137	participatory	T080	C0205556
27776422	1138	1145	patient	T101	C0030705
27776422	1153	1158	aware	T041	C0004448
27776422	1162	1170	emotions	T041	C0013987
27776422	1175	1188	communicating	T169	C0205196
27776422	1200	1205	study	T062	C2603343
27776422	1206	1216	represents	T052	C1882932
27776422	1230	1243	documentation	T170	C0920316
27776422	1247	1254	patient	T101	C0030705
27776422	1259	1268	clinician	T097	C0871685
27776422	1269	1274	views	T041	C0242498
27776422	1285	1302	seven-stage model	T075	C0026336
27776422	1306	1319	communication	T054	C0009452
27776422	1320	1328	research	T062	C0035168
27776422	1330	1338	Findings	T033	C0243095
27776422	1339	1345	reveal	T080	C0443289
27776422	1351	1366	chronically-ill	T047	C0008715
27776422	1367	1375	patients	T101	C0030705
27776422	1381	1391	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27776422	1397	1407	contribute	T052	C1880177
27776422	1411	1421	successful	T080	C1272703
27776422	1422	1432	discussion	T054	C2584313
27776422	1440	1449	physician	T097	C0031831
27776422	1470	1477	develop	T169	C1527148
27776422	1478	1501	communication trainings	T061	C0588407
27776422	1506	1522	design-measuring	T080	C0205556
27776422	1523	1528	tools	T170	C0037589
27776422	1538	1545	patient	T101	C0030705
27776422	1553	1573	communication skills	T032	C0870313

27776603|t|Prevalence of strategies for coping with daily stress in children
27776603|a|The study of coping strategies in children guarantees quality of life from childhood onwards. The present paper aims to determine the prevalence of coping strategies for three everyday problems in children, while examining sociodemographic variables, context variables, and teacher assessment. The sample is composed of 7,058 school children aged between 8 and 13 years old. Results show a higher prevalence of the Active Solution strategy at home and in school contexts compared with the health area, where the Active Solution is the least prevalent strategy, and Concealing the Problem the most widely used, followed by Passivity. Other highly prevalent strategies in the school context include Search for Information, Emotion, and Social Support. In general, regardless of the context, Behavioural Avoidance and Passivity are the least prevalent strategies, whereas Active Solution is the most prevalent one, followed by Emotion. The last two- Active Solution and Emotion - are part of two main coping styles suggested in a number of studies on which these results are based, which will be compared and discussed in this study. The present study allows us to extract relevant epidemiological information on strategies used to cope with everyday problems related to health, family, and school, in a sample of socially well-adapted and psychologically healthy Spanish school children. The data obtained can be useful in an increasing number of situations and contexts, both for diagnostic purposes and for psycho-educational orientation and intervention.
27776603	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
27776603	14	24	strategies	T041	C0679199
27776603	29	35	coping	T055	C0009967
27776603	41	46	daily	T079	C0332173
27776603	47	65	stress in children	T033	C3825626
27776603	70	75	study	T062	C2603343
27776603	79	85	coping	T055	C0009967
27776603	86	96	strategies	T041	C0679199
27776603	100	108	children	T100	C0008059
27776603	109	119	guarantees	T078	C1555307
27776603	120	135	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27776603	141	150	childhood	T079	C0231335
27776603	164	177	present paper	T073	C0030351
27776603	178	182	aims	T078	C1947946
27776603	200	210	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27776603	214	220	coping	T055	C0009967
27776603	221	231	strategies	T041	C0679199
27776603	242	250	everyday	T079	C0332173
27776603	251	259	problems	T033	C0033213
27776603	263	271	children	T100	C0008059
27776603	279	288	examining	T033	C0332128
27776603	289	315	sociodemographic variables	T102	C0683970
27776603	317	324	context	T078	C0449255
27776603	325	334	variables	T080	C0439828
27776603	340	347	teacher	T097	C0221457
27776603	348	358	assessment	T052	C1516048
27776603	364	370	sample	T167	C0370003
27776603	392	407	school children	T100	C0260267
27776603	408	412	aged	T032	C0001779
27776603	430	439	years old	T079	C1510829
27776603	441	448	Results	T033	C0683954
27776603	456	462	higher	T080	C0205250
27776603	463	473	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27776603	481	505	Active Solution strategy	T041	C0679199
27776603	509	513	home	T082	C0442519
27776603	521	527	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27776603	528	536	contexts	T078	C0449255
27776603	537	545	compared	T052	C1707455
27776603	555	566	health area	T083	C0007403
27776603	578	593	Active Solution	T041	C0679199
27776603	601	606	least	T080	C1524031
27776603	607	616	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27776603	617	625	strategy	T041	C0679199
27776603	631	641	Concealing	T080	C0443189
27776603	646	653	Problem	T033	C0033213
27776603	658	662	most	T081	C0205393
27776603	676	687	followed by	T079	C0332283
27776603	688	697	Passivity	T055	C0679170
27776603	705	711	highly	T080	C0205250
27776603	712	721	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27776603	722	732	strategies	T041	C0679199
27776603	740	754	school context	UnknownType	C0814610
27776603	755	762	include	T169	C0332257
27776603	763	785	Search for Information	T057	C0683832
27776603	787	794	Emotion	T041	C0013987
27776603	800	814	Social Support	T054	C0037438
27776603	819	826	general	T082	C0205246
27776603	828	838	regardless	T080	C3641650
27776603	846	853	context	T078	C0449255
27776603	855	876	Behavioural Avoidance	T041	C0178494
27776603	881	890	Passivity	T055	C0679170
27776603	899	904	least	T080	C1524031
27776603	905	914	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27776603	915	925	strategies	T041	C0679199
27776603	935	950	Active Solution	T041	C0679199
27776603	958	962	most	T081	C0205393
27776603	963	972	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27776603	978	989	followed by	T079	C0332283
27776603	990	997	Emotion	T041	C0013987
27776603	1013	1028	Active Solution	T041	C0679199
27776603	1033	1040	Emotion	T041	C0013987
27776603	1047	1054	part of	T082	C1292711
27776603	1064	1070	coping	T055	C0009967
27776603	1071	1077	styles	T080	C0489654
27776603	1078	1087	suggested	T078	C1705535
27776603	1093	1099	number	T081	C0237753
27776603	1103	1110	studies	T062	C0681814
27776603	1126	1133	results	T033	C0459422
27776603	1138	1143	based	T078	C1705938
27776603	1159	1167	compared	T052	C1707455
27776603	1190	1195	study	T062	C2603343
27776603	1209	1214	study	T062	C2603343
27776603	1215	1221	allows	T054	C0683607
27776603	1236	1244	relevant	T080	C2347946
27776603	1245	1272	epidemiological information	T078	C1533716
27776603	1276	1286	strategies	T041	C0679199
27776603	1295	1299	cope	T055	C0009967
27776603	1305	1313	everyday	T079	C0332173
27776603	1314	1322	problems	T033	C0033213
27776603	1323	1330	related	T080	C0439849
27776603	1334	1340	health	T078	C0018684
27776603	1342	1348	family	T099	C0015576
27776603	1354	1360	school	T073,T092	C0036375
27776603	1367	1373	sample	T167	C0370003
27776603	1377	1398	socially well-adapted	T040	C0001400
27776603	1403	1426	psychologically healthy	T080	C3898900
27776603	1427	1434	Spanish	T098	C0086409
27776603	1435	1450	school children	T100	C0260267
27776603	1456	1460	data	T078	C1511726
27776603	1461	1469	obtained	T169	C1301820
27776603	1477	1483	useful	T080	C3827682
27776603	1490	1500	increasing	T169	C0442808
27776603	1501	1521	number of situations	T054	C0748872
27776603	1526	1534	contexts	T078	C0449255
27776603	1545	1555	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27776603	1556	1564	purposes	T169	C1285529
27776603	1573	1603	psycho-educational orientation	T041	C0029266
27776603	1608	1620	intervention	T169	C1314939

27776794|t|Oncolytic influenza A virus expressing interleukin-15 decreases tumor growth in vivo
27776794|a|Interleukin-15 has become a promising molecule in the context of eliciting an effective, antitumor immune response because it is able to stimulate cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. We generated an interleukin-15 - expressing oncolytic influenza A virus for the treatment of an established murine tumor model. Our oncolytic influenza A virus produced large amounts of interleukin-15 and induced proliferation and activation of human T cells in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration increased the amount of mouse natural killer cells and effector memory T cells, as well as T cell reactivity in vivo. Moreover, intratumoral injection induced a profound decrease in growth of established tumors in mice and increased the amount of tumor-infiltrating T cells and natural killer cells. We established a stable, IL-15 -producing oncolytic influenza A virus with promising immunostimulatory and antitumor attributes.
27776794	0	9	Oncolytic	T080	C1518581
27776794	10	27	influenza A virus	T005	C0029347
27776794	28	38	expressing	T045	C1171362
27776794	39	53	interleukin-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27776794	54	63	decreases	T081	C0547047
27776794	64	76	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27776794	77	84	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27776794	85	99	Interleukin-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27776794	163	172	effective	T080	C1704419
27776794	174	183	antitumor	T042	C1516031
27776794	184	199	immune response	T042	C0301872
27776794	222	251	stimulate cells of the innate	T040	C2248889
27776794	256	278	adaptive immune system	T040	C2256192
27776794	296	310	interleukin-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27776794	313	323	expressing	T045	C1171362
27776794	324	333	oncolytic	T080	C1518581
27776794	334	351	influenza A virus	T005	C0029347
27776794	360	369	treatment	T169	C0039798
27776794	388	406	murine tumor model	T050	C0012644
27776794	412	421	oncolytic	T080	C1518581
27776794	422	439	influenza A virus	T005	C0029347
27776794	466	480	interleukin-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27776794	493	506	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27776794	511	538	activation of human T cells	T043	C2259065
27776794	539	547	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27776794	549	579	Intraperitoneal administration	T169	C1522583
27776794	580	589	increased	T081	C0205217
27776794	604	630	mouse natural killer cells	T025	C1524008
27776794	635	658	effector memory T cells	T025	C4289596
27776794	671	677	T cell	T025	C0039194
27776794	678	688	reactivity	T169	C0443286
27776794	689	696	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27776794	708	720	intratumoral	T169	C2960749
27776794	721	730	injection	T061	C1533685
27776794	741	749	profound	T080	C0439808
27776794	750	758	decrease	T081	C0547047
27776794	762	790	growth of established tumors	T191	C0598934
27776794	794	798	mice	T015	C0025914
27776794	803	812	increased	T081	C0205217
27776794	827	853	tumor-infiltrating T cells	T025	C0079722
27776794	858	878	natural killer cells	T025	C0022688
27776794	905	910	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
27776794	922	931	oncolytic	T080	C1518581
27776794	932	949	influenza A virus	T005	C0029347
27776794	965	982	immunostimulatory	T040	C1817421
27776794	987	1007	antitumor attributes	T042	C1516031

27776907|t|Sensitivity and Specificity of Metal Ion Levels in Predicting " Pseudotumors " due to Taper Corrosion in Patients With Dual Taper Modular Total Hip Arthroplasty
27776907|a|Currently, no serum metal ion threshold exists to identify adverse tissue reactions in total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients with taper corrosion. Our study aims to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of serum metal ions in detecting taper corrosion related pseudotumors in patients with dual taper modular THA. A total of 148 patients with dual taper modular THA were investigated: (1) 90 patients with pseudotumors detected with metal artifact reduction sequence-magnetic resonance imaging (MARS-MRI) and (2) 58 patients without pseudotumors on MARS-MRI. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to determine the sensitivity and specificity using different metal ion thresholds. The severity of intraoperative tissue damage was correlated with preoperative metal ion levels. Pseudotumor was associated with higher cobalt (5.0 μg/L vs 3.7 μg/L, P < .01) and Co / Cr ratio (6.0 vs 3.7, P < .01). The sensitivity and specificity for cobalt level of 2.8 μg/L and Co / Cr ratio of 3.8 in detecting taper corrosion -related pseudotumors on MARS-MRI was 88% and 32% and 70% and 50%, respectively. Higher intraoperative tissue damage grades demonstrated significantly higher Co / Cr ratios (8.6 vs 3.4, P = .03). Although metal ion levels alone should not be relied on as the sole parameter to determine revision surgery, cobalt level >2.8 μg/L and the Co / Cr ratio >3.8 are useful clinical diagnostic adjuncts in the systematic clinical evaluation for taper corrosion -related adverse tissue reactions in patients with dual modular taper THA.
27776907	0	11	Sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27776907	16	27	Specificity	T081	C0037791
27776907	31	40	Metal Ion	T196	C0022023
27776907	41	47	Levels	T080	C0441889
27776907	64	76	Pseudotumors	T020	C0033844
27776907	86	91	Taper	T074	C0021113
27776907	92	101	Corrosion	T051	C1880183
27776907	105	113	Patients	T101	C0030705
27776907	119	137	Dual Taper Modular	T074	C0021113
27776907	138	160	Total Hip Arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
27776907	175	180	serum	T031	C0229671
27776907	181	190	metal ion	T196	C0022023
27776907	228	234	tissue	T024	C0040300
27776907	235	244	reactions	T169	C0443286
27776907	248	270	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
27776907	272	275	THA	T061	C0040508
27776907	277	285	patients	T101	C0030705
27776907	291	296	taper	T074	C0021113
27776907	297	306	corrosion	T051	C1880183
27776907	312	317	study	T062	C2603343
27776907	342	353	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27776907	358	369	specificity	T081	C0037791
27776907	373	378	serum	T031	C0229671
27776907	379	389	metal ions	T196	C0022023
27776907	403	408	taper	T074	C0021113
27776907	409	418	corrosion	T051	C1880183
27776907	427	439	pseudotumors	T020	C0033844
27776907	443	451	patients	T101	C0030705
27776907	457	475	dual taper modular	T074	C0021113
27776907	476	479	THA	T061	C0040508
27776907	496	504	patients	T101	C0030705
27776907	510	528	dual taper modular	T074	C0021113
27776907	529	532	THA	T061	C0040508
27776907	559	567	patients	T101	C0030705
27776907	573	585	pseudotumors	T020	C0033844
27776907	600	660	metal artifact reduction sequence-magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27776907	662	670	MARS-MRI	T060	C0024485
27776907	683	691	patients	T101	C0030705
27776907	700	712	pseudotumors	T020	C0033844
27776907	716	724	MARS-MRI	T060	C0024485
27776907	726	766	Receiver operating characteristic curves	T081	C0035787
27776907	801	812	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27776907	817	828	specificity	T081	C0037791
27776907	845	854	metal ion	T196	C0022023
27776907	883	897	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27776907	898	911	tissue damage	T037	C0010957
27776907	932	944	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27776907	945	954	metal ion	T196	C0022023
27776907	955	961	levels	T080	C0441889
27776907	963	974	Pseudotumor	T020	C0033844
27776907	1002	1008	cobalt	T123,T196	C0009148
27776907	1045	1047	Co	T123,T196	C0009148
27776907	1050	1052	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
27776907	1053	1058	ratio	T081	C0456603
27776907	1086	1097	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27776907	1102	1113	specificity	T081	C0037791
27776907	1118	1124	cobalt	T123,T196	C0009148
27776907	1147	1149	Co	T123,T196	C0009148
27776907	1152	1154	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
27776907	1155	1160	ratio	T081	C0456603
27776907	1181	1186	taper	T074	C0021113
27776907	1187	1196	corrosion	T051	C1880183
27776907	1206	1218	pseudotumors	T020	C0033844
27776907	1222	1230	MARS-MRI	T060	C0024485
27776907	1285	1299	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27776907	1300	1313	tissue damage	T037	C0010957
27776907	1355	1357	Co	T123,T196	C0009148
27776907	1360	1362	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
27776907	1363	1369	ratios	T081	C0456603
27776907	1402	1411	metal ion	T196	C0022023
27776907	1412	1418	levels	T080	C0441889
27776907	1484	1500	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27776907	1502	1508	cobalt	T123,T196	C0009148
27776907	1509	1514	level	T080	C0441889
27776907	1533	1535	Co	T123,T196	C0009148
27776907	1538	1540	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
27776907	1541	1546	ratio	T081	C0456603
27776907	1563	1591	clinical diagnostic adjuncts	T120	C2986487
27776907	1610	1629	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
27776907	1634	1639	taper	T074	C0021113
27776907	1640	1649	corrosion	T051	C1880183
27776907	1659	1683	adverse tissue reactions	T037	C0010957
27776907	1687	1695	patients	T101	C0030705
27776907	1701	1719	dual modular taper	T074	C0021113
27776907	1720	1723	THA	T061	C0040508

27776910|t|The Outcomes Following Revision of Monoblock Metal on Metal Acetabular Components for Painful Micromotion in the Absence of Adverse Local Tissue Reaction to Metal
27776910|a|Revision hip arthroplasty for metal-on-metal arthroplasty (MOMA) in the presence of an adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR) has been associated with compromised outcomes. We hypothesized that revision of MOMA for painful micromotion of the cup, in the absence of ALTR, would have a more favorable outcome. We reviewed our database for Durom acetabular shell revision with minimum 24 months (24 months to 8 years) follow-up. Patients with a diagnosis of painful micromotion in the absence of pseudotumor was identified. At mid-term follow-up, 71 patients had undergone revision of a Durom MOMA. Twenty-seven of these (38%) were for painful micromotion (9 total hip arthroplasty, 18 hip resurfacing) of the cup alone. Following revision surgery, all patients reported resolution of the preoperative pain, as well as satisfactory outcome measures (mean scores: The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index [WOMAC] 84.6, oxford hip score 84.7, Short Form Health Survey (SF-16) 51, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) 7.3). Radiologically, all cases demonstrated osseointegration of the revision shells; 1 case had zone-3 radiolucency that was nonprogressive. One patient had a dislocation treated by closed reduction at 10 weeks. Revision MOMA for painful micromotion of the shell in the absence of ALTR is not similar to revision for ALTR and is associated with predictable improvement in pain and quality of life.
27776910	4	12	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
27776910	13	22	Following	T079	C0332282
27776910	23	31	Revision	T079	C0439617
27776910	35	50	Monoblock Metal	T197	C0025552
27776910	54	59	Metal	T197	C0025552
27776910	60	81	Acetabular Components	T074	C0182473
27776910	86	93	Painful	T184	C0030193
27776910	94	105	Micromotion	T070	C0026597
27776910	113	120	Absence	T169	C0332197
27776910	124	153	Adverse Local Tissue Reaction	T046	C3854631
27776910	157	162	Metal	T197	C0025552
27776910	163	171	Revision	T079	C0439617
27776910	172	188	hip arthroplasty	T061	C0186193
27776910	193	220	metal-on-metal arthroplasty	T061	C0003893
27776910	222	226	MOMA	T061	C0003893
27776910	235	243	presence	T033	C0150312
27776910	250	279	adverse local tissue reaction	T046	C3854631
27776910	281	285	ALTR	T046	C3854631
27776910	296	311	associated with	T080	C0332281
27776910	324	332	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27776910	337	349	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
27776910	355	363	revision	T079	C0439617
27776910	367	371	MOMA	T061	C0003893
27776910	376	383	painful	T184	C0030193
27776910	384	395	micromotion	T070	C0026597
27776910	403	406	cup	T074	C0180231
27776910	415	422	absence	T169	C0332197
27776910	426	430	ALTR	T046	C3854631
27776910	450	467	favorable outcome	T033	C1333602
27776910	472	480	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27776910	485	493	database	T170	C0242356
27776910	498	520	Durom acetabular shell	T074	C0025080
27776910	521	529	revision	T079	C0439617
27776910	546	552	months	T079	C0439231
27776910	557	563	months	T079	C0439231
27776910	569	574	years	T079	C0439234
27776910	576	585	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27776910	587	595	Patients	T101	C0030705
27776910	603	612	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27776910	616	623	painful	T184	C0030193
27776910	624	635	micromotion	T070	C0026597
27776910	643	650	absence	T169	C0332197
27776910	654	665	pseudotumor	T020	C0033844
27776910	685	703	mid-term follow-up	T058	C1522577
27776910	708	716	patients	T101	C0030705
27776910	731	739	revision	T079	C0439617
27776910	745	755	Durom MOMA	T061	C0003893
27776910	794	801	painful	T184	C0030193
27776910	802	813	micromotion	T070	C0026597
27776910	817	839	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
27776910	844	859	hip resurfacing	T061	C1719285
27776910	868	871	cup	T074	C0180231
27776910	889	905	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
27776910	911	919	patients	T101	C0030705
27776910	920	928	reported	T058	C0700287
27776910	929	939	resolution	T077	C2699488
27776910	947	959	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27776910	960	964	pain	T184	C0030193
27776910	977	989	satisfactory	T080	C0205410
27776910	990	1006	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27776910	1008	1019	mean scores	T033	C3533236
27776910	1025	1082	Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index	T170	C3472647
27776910	1084	1089	WOMAC	T170	C3472647
27776910	1097	1113	oxford hip score	T201	C1998079
27776910	1120	1144	Short Form Health Survey	T062	C0018762
27776910	1146	1151	SF-16	T062	C0018762
27776910	1157	1181	University of California	T073,T092	C0041740
27776910	1183	1194	Los Angeles	T083	C0024015
27776910	1196	1200	UCLA	T073,T092	C0041740
27776910	1208	1222	Radiologically	UnknownType	C0748230
27776910	1228	1233	cases	T169	C0868928
27776910	1247	1263	osseointegration	T042	C0079949
27776910	1271	1279	revision	T079	C0439617
27776910	1280	1286	shells	T080	C1948022
27776910	1290	1294	case	T169	C0868928
27776910	1299	1318	zone-3 radiolucency	T067	C2827491
27776910	1328	1342	nonprogressive	T033	C3839460
27776910	1348	1355	patient	T101	C0030705
27776910	1362	1373	dislocation	T037	C0012691
27776910	1374	1381	treated	T061	C0087111
27776910	1385	1401	closed reduction	T061	C0177475
27776910	1408	1413	weeks	T079	C0439230
27776910	1415	1423	Revision	T079	C0439617
27776910	1424	1428	MOMA	T061	C0003893
27776910	1433	1440	painful	T184	C0030193
27776910	1441	1452	micromotion	T070	C0026597
27776910	1460	1465	shell	T074	C0025080
27776910	1473	1480	absence	T169	C0332197
27776910	1484	1488	ALTR	T046	C3854631
27776910	1507	1515	revision	T079	C0439617
27776910	1520	1524	ALTR	T046	C3854631
27776910	1532	1547	associated with	T080	C0332281
27776910	1548	1559	predictable	T078	C0681842
27776910	1560	1571	improvement	T077	C2986411
27776910	1575	1579	pain	T184	C0030193
27776910	1584	1599	quality of life	T078	C0034380

27777016|t|Physiological and molecular responses of juvenile shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum) to thermal stress
27777016|a|The shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur, 1818) is a vulnerable species that is found along the eastern coast of North America. Little is known about temperature tolerance in this species and with a rapidly changing global climate, it becomes increasingly important to define the thermal tolerance of this species to better predict population distribution. Using a modified critical thermal maximum test (CTMax), the objectives of this study were to determine the impact of heating rate (0.1, 0.2 and 0.25°Cmin(-1)) on the thermal tolerance, associated hematological responses, and oxygen consumption in juvenile sturgeon. In addition, transcripts associated with physiological stress and heat shock (i.e., heat shock proteins) were also measured. Heating rate did not alter the CTMax values of shortnose sturgeon. Neither heating rate nor thermal stress affected plasma sodium and chloride levels, nor the expression of transcripts that included catalase, glucocorticoid receptor, heat shock protein70 (hsp70), heat shock protein 90α (hsp90α) and cytochrome P450 1a (cyp1a). However, regardless of heating rate, thermal stress increased both plasma potassium and lactate concentrations. Glucose levels were increased at heating rates of 0.2 and 0.25°Cmin(-1), but not at 0.1°Cmin(-1). Overall, oxygen consumption rates increased with thermal stress, but the response patterns were not affected by heating rate. These data support the hypothesis that shortnose sturgeon can tolerate acute heat stress, as many physiological and molecular parameters measured here were non-responsive to the thermal stress.
27777016	0	13	Physiological	T039	C0542478
27777016	18	37	molecular responses	T033	C4054479
27777016	41	49	juvenile	T100	C3146221
27777016	50	68	shortnose sturgeon	T013	C0327753
27777016	70	92	Acipenser brevirostrum	T013	C0327753
27777016	97	111	thermal stress	T046	C0449430
27777016	116	134	shortnose sturgeon	T013	C0327753
27777016	136	158	Acipenser brevirostrum	T013	C0327753
27777016	159	166	LeSueur	T015	C1187444
27777016	190	197	species	T185	C1705920
27777016	222	252	eastern coast of North America	T083	C0028405
27777016	276	297	temperature tolerance	T033	C0549167
27777016	306	313	species	T185	C1705920
27777016	333	356	changing global climate	T070	C2718051
27777016	406	423	thermal tolerance	T039	C3544386
27777016	432	439	species	T185	C1705920
27777016	458	481	population distribution	T082	C0032666
27777016	491	529	modified critical thermal maximum test	T059	C0022885
27777016	531	536	CTMax	T059	C0022885
27777016	590	596	impact	T080	C4049986
27777016	600	612	heating rate	T081	C1521828
27777016	649	666	thermal tolerance	T039	C3544386
27777016	668	678	associated	T080	C0332281
27777016	679	702	hematological responses	T033	C4054793
27777016	708	726	oxygen consumption	T201	C0030055
27777016	730	738	juvenile	T100	C3146221
27777016	739	747	sturgeon	T013	C0327753
27777016	762	773	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27777016	774	789	associated with	T080	C0332281
27777016	790	810	physiological stress	T046	C0449430
27777016	815	825	heat shock	T039	C0282498
27777016	833	852	heat shock proteins	T116,T123	C0018850
27777016	874	886	Heating rate	T081	C1521828
27777016	905	917	CTMax values	T034	C0456984
27777016	921	939	shortnose sturgeon	T013	C0327753
27777016	941	948	Neither	T080	C4284892
27777016	949	961	heating rate	T081	C1521828
27777016	966	980	thermal stress	T046	C0449430
27777016	990	1003	plasma sodium	T059	C1272109
27777016	1008	1023	chloride levels	T059	C1276037
27777016	1033	1043	expression	T045	C1171362
27777016	1047	1058	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27777016	1073	1081	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
27777016	1083	1106	glucocorticoid receptor	T116,T192	C0034809
27777016	1108	1128	heat shock protein70	T116,T123	C0243043
27777016	1130	1135	hsp70	T116,T123	C0243043
27777016	1138	1160	heat shock protein 90α	T116	C3273508
27777016	1162	1168	hsp90α	T116	C3273508
27777016	1174	1192	cytochrome P450 1a	T116,T126	C4277568
27777016	1194	1199	cyp1a	T116,T126	C4277568
27777016	1225	1237	heating rate	T081	C1521828
27777016	1239	1253	thermal stress	T046	C0449430
27777016	1254	1285	increased both plasma potassium	T033	C0858159
27777016	1290	1312	lactate concentrations	T033	C2751861
27777016	1314	1343	Glucose levels were increased	T033	C0017747
27777016	1347	1360	heating rates	T081	C1521828
27777016	1421	1455	oxygen consumption rates increased	T033	C1167681
27777016	1461	1475	thermal stress	T046	C0449430
27777016	1485	1493	response	T038	C1621333
27777016	1494	1502	patterns	T082	C0449774
27777016	1524	1536	heating rate	T081	C1521828
27777016	1544	1548	data	T078	C1511726
27777016	1561	1571	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27777016	1577	1595	shortnose sturgeon	T013	C0327753
27777016	1609	1626	acute heat stress	T046	C0449430
27777016	1636	1649	physiological	T080	C1301803
27777016	1654	1663	molecular	T080	C1521991
27777016	1664	1674	parameters	T033	C0449381
27777016	1694	1708	non-responsive	T033	C3844724
27777016	1716	1730	thermal stress	T046	C0449430

27777102|t|Atypical microglial response to biodiesel exhaust in healthy and hypertensive rats
27777102|a|Accumulating evidence suggests a deleterious role for urban air pollution in central nervous system (CNS) diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders. Microglia, the resident innate immune cells and sentinels in the brain, are a common source of neuroinflammation and are implicated in air pollution - induced CNS effects. While renewable energy, such as soy-based biofuel, is of increasing public interest, there is little information on how soy biofuel may affect the brain, especially in people with preexisting disease conditions. To address this, male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were exposed to 100% Soy-based Biodiesel Exhaust (100SBDE; 0, 50, 150 and 500μg/m(3)) by inhalation, 4h/ day for 4 weeks (5 days / week). Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1 (IBA-1) staining of microglia in the substantia nigra revealed significant changes in morphology with 100SBDE exposure in rats from both genotypes, where SHR were less sensitive. Aconitase activity was inhibited in the frontal cortex and cerebellum of WKY rats exposed to 100SBDE. No consistent changes occurred in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, nitrated protein, or arginase1 expression in brain regions from either rat strain exposed to 100SBDE. However, while IBA-1 mRNA expression was not modified, CX3CR1 mRNA expression was lower in the striatum of 100SBDE exposed rats regardless of genotype, suggesting a downregulation of the fractalkine receptor on microglia in this brain region. Together, these data indicate that while microglia are detecting and responding to 100SBDE exposure with changes in morphology, there is reduced expression of CX3CR1 regardless of genetic background and the activation response is atypical without traditional inflammatory markers of M1 or M2 activation in the brain.
27777102	9	19	microglial	T025	C0206116
27777102	20	28	response	T032	C0871261
27777102	32	49	biodiesel exhaust	T109,T131	C0012151
27777102	53	60	healthy	T080	C3898900
27777102	65	77	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
27777102	78	82	rats	T015	C0034721
27777102	96	104	evidence	T078	C3887511
27777102	105	113	suggests	T078	C1705535
27777102	116	127	deleterious	T169	C0001688
27777102	128	132	role	T077	C1705810
27777102	137	142	urban	T083	C0442529
27777102	143	156	air pollution	T069	C0001873
27777102	160	197	central nervous system (CNS) diseases	T047	C0007682
27777102	202	230	neurodevelopmental disorders	T048	C1535926
27777102	232	241	Microglia	T025	C0206116
27777102	256	262	innate	T032	C0020969
27777102	263	275	immune cells	T025	C0312740
27777102	280	289	sentinels	T109,T131	C0950580
27777102	297	302	brain	T023	C0006104
27777102	310	316	common	T081	C0205214
27777102	317	323	source	T033	C0449426
27777102	327	344	neuroinflammation	UnknownType	C0683396
27777102	367	380	air pollution	T069	C0001873
27777102	383	390	induced	T169	C0205263
27777102	391	402	CNS effects	T047	C0007682
27777102	410	426	renewable energy	T169	C3178762
27777102	436	453	soy-based biofuel	T109	C2717891
27777102	461	471	increasing	T169	C0442808
27777102	472	478	public	T098	C0027361
27777102	479	487	interest	T041	C0543488
27777102	498	504	little	T081	C0700321
27777102	505	516	information	T078	C1533716
27777102	524	535	soy biofuel	T109	C2717891
27777102	540	546	affect	T080	C1280500
27777102	551	556	brain	T023	C0006104
27777102	572	578	people	T098	C0027361
27777102	584	614	preexisting disease conditions	T033	C0521987
27777102	633	637	male	T032	C0086582
27777102	638	669	spontaneously hypertensive rats	T015	C0034705
27777102	671	674	SHR	T015	C0034705
27777102	680	692	normotensive	T033	C2712122
27777102	693	716	Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats	T015	C0034709
27777102	722	732	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27777102	733	765	100% Soy-based Biodiesel Exhaust	T109,T131	C0012151
27777102	767	774	100SBDE	T109,T131	C0012151
27777102	806	816	inhalation	T040	C0004048
27777102	822	825	day	T079	C0439228
27777102	832	837	weeks	T079	C0439230
27777102	841	845	days	T079	C0439228
27777102	848	852	week	T079	C0439230
27777102	855	897	Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1	T116,T123	C1455000
27777102	899	904	IBA-1	T116,T123	C1455000
27777102	906	914	staining	T059	C0487602
27777102	918	927	microglia	T025	C0206116
27777102	935	951	substantia nigra	T023	C0038590
27777102	952	960	revealed	T080	C0443289
27777102	961	972	significant	T078	C0750502
27777102	973	980	changes	T169	C0392747
27777102	984	994	morphology	T080	C0332437
27777102	1000	1007	100SBDE	T109,T131	C0012151
27777102	1008	1016	exposure	T080	C0332157
27777102	1020	1024	rats	T015	C0034721
27777102	1030	1034	both	T080	C1706086
27777102	1035	1044	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27777102	1052	1055	SHR	T015	C0034705
27777102	1061	1065	less	T081	C0439092
27777102	1066	1075	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27777102	1077	1095	Aconitase activity	T044	C4234382
27777102	1100	1109	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27777102	1117	1131	frontal cortex	T023	C0016733
27777102	1136	1146	cerebellum	T023	C0007765
27777102	1150	1158	WKY rats	T015	C0034709
27777102	1159	1169	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27777102	1170	1177	100SBDE	T109,T131	C0012151
27777102	1179	1181	No	T169	C1518422
27777102	1182	1192	consistent	T080	C0332529
27777102	1193	1200	changes	T169	C0392747
27777102	1201	1209	occurred	T079	C2745955
27777102	1213	1229	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27777102	1230	1238	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27777102	1239	1249	expression	T045	C1171362
27777102	1251	1267	nitrated protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27777102	1272	1281	arginase1	T116,T126	C0003763
27777102	1282	1292	expression	T045	C1171362
27777102	1296	1309	brain regions	T029	C1273723
27777102	1322	1332	rat strain	T015	C0034721
27777102	1333	1343	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27777102	1344	1351	100SBDE	T109,T131	C0012151
27777102	1368	1373	IBA-1	T116,T123	C1455000
27777102	1374	1389	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27777102	1394	1397	not	T169	C1518422
27777102	1398	1406	modified	T169	C0392747
27777102	1408	1414	CX3CR1	T116,T192	C1870161
27777102	1415	1430	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27777102	1435	1440	lower	T080	C0205251
27777102	1448	1456	striatum	T023	C0010097
27777102	1460	1467	100SBDE	T109,T131	C0012151
27777102	1468	1480	exposed rats	T015	C0034721
27777102	1481	1491	regardless	T080	C3641650
27777102	1495	1503	genotype	T032	C0017431
27777102	1505	1515	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27777102	1518	1532	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27777102	1540	1560	fractalkine receptor	T116,T192	C0663627
27777102	1564	1573	microglia	T025	C0206116
27777102	1582	1594	brain region	T029	C1273723
27777102	1612	1616	data	T078	C1511726
27777102	1617	1625	indicate	T078	C0392360
27777102	1637	1646	microglia	T025	C0206116
27777102	1651	1660	detecting	T033	C0442726
27777102	1665	1675	responding	T032	C0871261
27777102	1679	1686	100SBDE	T109,T131	C0012151
27777102	1687	1695	exposure	T080	C0332157
27777102	1701	1708	changes	T169	C0392747
27777102	1712	1722	morphology	T080	C0332437
27777102	1733	1740	reduced	T080	C0392756
27777102	1741	1751	expression	T045	C1171362
27777102	1755	1761	CX3CR1	T116,T192	C1870161
27777102	1762	1772	regardless	T080	C3641650
27777102	1776	1794	genetic background	T032	C4042916
27777102	1803	1813	activation	UnknownType	C0678666
27777102	1814	1822	response	T032	C0871261
27777102	1826	1834	atypical	T080	C0205182
27777102	1843	1854	traditional	T169	C0443324
27777102	1855	1875	inflammatory markers	T201	C0005516
27777102	1879	1881	M1	T025	C0024432
27777102	1885	1887	M2	T025	C4086555
27777102	1888	1898	activation	UnknownType	C0678666
27777102	1906	1911	brain	T023	C0006104

27777170|t|Rheumatoid arthritis, insulin resistance, and diabetes
27777170|a|Recent progress in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is turning attention toward comorbidities, such as diabetes. The objectives of this review are to clarify the links between RA and diabetes and to assess potential effects of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on diabetes. The increased insulin resistance seen in RA is closely linked to the systemic inflammation induced by certain proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increased in patients with RA. Furthermore, certain DMARDs including hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate, TNFα antagonist, and interleukin-1β antagonists seem to improve the markers of glucose metabolism. In contrast, glucocorticoids tend to adversely affect glycemic control, particularly when taken chronically. Consequently, a crucial yet insufficiently applied rule is that cardiovascular risk factors must be sought and treated routinely, particularly as the choice of the DMARD may affect glucose metabolism.
27777170	0	20	Rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27777170	22	40	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27777170	46	54	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27777170	78	88	management	T058	C0376636
27777170	92	112	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27777170	114	116	RA	T047	C0003873
27777170	146	159	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27777170	169	177	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27777170	202	208	review	T170	C0282443
27777170	242	244	RA	T047	C0003873
27777170	249	257	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27777170	265	271	assess	T058	C0184514
27777170	272	289	potential effects	T080	C1280500
27777170	293	330	disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs	T121	C0242708
27777170	332	338	DMARDs	T121	C0242708
27777170	343	351	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27777170	357	366	increased	T081	C0205217
27777170	367	385	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27777170	394	396	RA	T047	C0003873
27777170	422	443	systemic inflammation	T047	C3646020
27777170	463	488	proinflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27777170	497	520	tumor necrosis factor α	T116,T129	C1456820
27777170	522	526	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27777170	532	545	interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27777170	565	580	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27777170	584	593	increased	T081	C0205217
27777170	597	605	patients	T101	C0030705
27777170	611	613	RA	T047	C0003873
27777170	636	642	DMARDs	T121	C0242708
27777170	653	671	hydroxychloroquine	T109,T121	C0020336
27777170	673	685	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
27777170	687	691	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27777170	692	702	antagonist	T120	C0243076
27777170	708	722	interleukin-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27777170	723	734	antagonists	T120	C0243076
27777170	743	750	improve	T033	C0184511
27777170	755	762	markers	T123	C1513159
27777170	766	784	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27777170	799	814	glucocorticoids	T109,T125	C0017710
27777170	840	856	glycemic control	T061	C3267174
27777170	959	986	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
27777170	1006	1023	treated routinely	T169	C1522326
27777170	1059	1064	DMARD	T121	C0242708
27777170	1076	1094	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620

27777427|t|Relationship between Changes in Physical Activity and Changes in Health-related Quality of Life in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis with 1-Year Follow-up
27777427|a|In a longitudinal study, we examined the link between changes in physical activity and changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients on chronic hemodialysis. Seventy-one patients (43 males, 28 females; aged 70.9±10.6 years) on chronic hemodialysis in September 2013 were enrolled. The data of the 43 patients whose complete measurements were taken again in September 2014 were used for the longitudinal analysis. Clinical parameters including age, height, dry weight, duration of hemodialysis, blood pressure (BP), blood triglyceride and HDL cholesterol levels, physical activity, and HRQOL were evaluated. Physical activity was measured by a tri-accelerometer, and HRQOL was evaluated by the EuroQol questionnaire (EQ-5D). In the first cross-sectional analysis, EQ-5D scores were significantly correlated with daily step counts (steps per day) on all days and non-hemodialysis days. In the second longitudinal analysis, in the women, changes in EQ-5D scores were positively correlated with changes in daily step counts on all days. In all patients, changes in EQ-5D were weakly and negatively correlated with changes in physical activity (1-3 METs: min per day) on hemodialysis days. Promoting daily physical activity may improve the HRQOL in patients on chronic hemodialysis, especially in women.
27777427	0	12	Relationship	T080	C0439849
27777427	21	28	Changes	T169	C0392747
27777427	32	49	Physical Activity	T056	C0026606
27777427	54	61	Changes	T169	C0392747
27777427	65	95	Health-related Quality of Life	T078	C4279947
27777427	99	107	Patients	T101	C0030705
27777427	111	131	Chronic Hemodialysis	T061	C1740835
27777427	137	153	1-Year Follow-up	T033	C0420338
27777427	159	177	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
27777427	182	190	examined	T033	C0332128
27777427	208	215	changes	T169	C0392747
27777427	219	236	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27777427	241	248	changes	T169	C0392747
27777427	252	282	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27777427	284	289	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
27777427	294	302	patients	T101	C0030705
27777427	306	326	chronic hemodialysis	T061	C1740835
27777427	340	348	patients	T101	C0030705
27777427	353	358	males	T032	C0086582
27777427	363	370	females	T032	C0086287
27777427	372	376	aged	T098	C0001792
27777427	397	417	chronic hemodialysis	T061	C1740835
27777427	455	459	data	T078	C1511726
27777427	470	478	patients	T101	C0030705
27777427	494	506	measurements	T169	C0242485
27777427	560	581	longitudinal analysis	UnknownType	C0815265
27777427	583	591	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27777427	592	602	parameters	T033	C0449381
27777427	613	616	age	T032	C0001779
27777427	618	624	height	T032	C0489786
27777427	626	636	dry weight	T081	C1439839
27777427	638	662	duration of hemodialysis	T033	C2030565
27777427	664	678	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27777427	680	682	BP	T040	C0005823
27777427	685	703	blood triglyceride	T059	C0518018
27777427	708	730	HDL cholesterol levels	T034	C0428471
27777427	732	749	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27777427	755	760	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
27777427	766	775	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27777427	777	794	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
27777427	813	830	tri-accelerometer	T074	C0178951
27777427	836	841	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
27777427	846	855	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27777427	863	884	EuroQol questionnaire	T170	C2733251
27777427	886	891	EQ-5D	T170	C2733251
27777427	907	931	cross-sectional analysis	T062	C0010362
27777427	933	938	EQ-5D	T170	C2733251
27777427	939	945	scores	T081	C0449820
27777427	965	975	correlated	T080	C1707520
27777427	981	998	daily step counts	T081	C3814463
27777427	1000	1013	steps per day	T081	C3814463
27777427	1022	1026	days	T079	C0439228
27777427	1031	1047	non-hemodialysis	T033	C0243095
27777427	1048	1052	days	T079	C0439228
27777427	1068	1089	longitudinal analysis	UnknownType	C0815265
27777427	1098	1103	women	T098	C0043210
27777427	1105	1112	changes	T169	C0392747
27777427	1116	1121	EQ-5D	T170	C2733251
27777427	1122	1128	scores	T081	C0449820
27777427	1134	1144	positively	T033	C1446409
27777427	1145	1155	correlated	T080	C1707520
27777427	1161	1168	changes	T169	C0392747
27777427	1172	1189	daily step counts	T081	C3814463
27777427	1197	1201	days	T079	C0439228
27777427	1210	1218	patients	T101	C0030705
27777427	1220	1227	changes	T169	C0392747
27777427	1231	1236	EQ-5D	T170	C2733251
27777427	1253	1263	negatively	T033	C0205160
27777427	1264	1274	correlated	T080	C1707520
27777427	1280	1287	changes	T169	C0392747
27777427	1291	1308	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27777427	1336	1348	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27777427	1349	1353	days	T079	C0439228
27777427	1371	1388	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27777427	1405	1410	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
27777427	1414	1422	patients	T101	C0030705
27777427	1426	1446	chronic hemodialysis	T061	C1740835
27777427	1462	1467	women	T098	C0043210

27777558|t|Pre-Activation Negativity (PrAN) in Brain Potentials to Unfolding Words
27777558|a|We describe an event-related potential (ERP) effect termed the " pre-activation negativity " (PrAN), which is proposed to index the degree of pre-activation of upcoming word - internal morphemes in speech processing. Using lexical competition measures based on word-initial speech fragments (WIFs), as well as statistical analyses of ERP data from three experiments, it is shown that the PrAN is sensitive to lexical competition and that it reflects the degree of predictive certainty: the negativity is larger when there are fewer upcoming lexical competitors.
27777558	0	25	Pre-Activation Negativity	T033	C0243095
27777558	27	31	PrAN	T033	C0243095
27777558	36	41	Brain	T023	C0006104
27777558	42	52	Potentials	T080	C3245505
27777558	56	71	Unfolding Words	T041	C0025361
27777558	87	110	event-related potential	T042	C0282171
27777558	112	115	ERP	T042	C0282171
27777558	117	123	effect	T080	C1280500
27777558	137	162	pre-activation negativity	T033	C0243095
27777558	166	170	PrAN	T033	C0243095
27777558	194	199	index	T170	C0918012
27777558	204	228	degree of pre-activation	T081	C0392762
27777558	241	245	word	T078	C1705313
27777558	248	256	internal	T082	C0205102
27777558	257	266	morphemes	T170	C0870914
27777558	270	276	speech	T040	C0037817
27777558	277	287	processing	T052	C1709694
27777558	295	314	lexical competition	T067	C1882365
27777558	315	323	measures	T081	C0079809
27777558	333	362	word-initial speech fragments	T068	C0037829
27777558	364	368	WIFs	T068	C0037829
27777558	382	402	statistical analyses	T062	C0871424
27777558	406	409	ERP	T042	C0282171
27777558	410	414	data	T078	C1511726
27777558	426	437	experiments	T062	C0681814
27777558	460	464	PrAN	T033	C0243095
27777558	481	500	lexical competition	T067	C1882365
27777558	526	532	degree	T081	C0449286
27777558	536	546	predictive	T080	C0681890
27777558	547	556	certainty	T080	C0205423
27777558	562	572	negativity	T033	C0205160
27777558	576	582	larger	T081	C0549177
27777558	598	603	fewer	T081	C0205388
27777558	613	620	lexical	T078	C1705313
27777558	621	632	competitors	T098	C1257890

27777603|t|Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism association with obesity and some related disorders in Egyptian females: a case-control observational study
27777603|a|According to the WHO report in 2015, obesity is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide, and the prevalence of Egyptian female obesity is 37.5 %. Since obesity is highly influenced by genetics, and adipose tissue renin-angiotensin system is over-activated in obesity, the effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on obesity and related disorders was studied in several populations, because of its effect on ACE activity. Our objective was to study the association of ACE I/D polymorphism with obesity and certain related disorders, namely hypertension, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, in Egyptian females. Eighty female volunteers were recruited, blood pressure and body measurements were recorded and a fasting blood sample was obtained for the quantitation of glucose, lipid profile, insulin, leptin and identification of ACE I/D polymorphs. Subjects were grouped based on hypertension and obesity states. Comparisons of continuous parameters were made with independent sample t-test between two groups. The frequencies of ACE genotypes and alleles, and the association between gene polymorphism and metabolic parameters were assessed using chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all groups. Genotype distribution did not differ significantly between controls and cases of all the studied disorders. Although DD carriers had apparently higher parameters of blood pressure, lipid profile and insulin resistance, only diastolic blood pressure was almost significant (p = 0.057). I-carriers were significantly less susceptible to hypertension than DD carriers having normal waist/hip ratio (p = 0.007, OR = 17.29, CI = 1.81-164.96) and normal conicity index (p = 0.024, OR = 7.00, CI = 1.36-35.93). In DD genotype carriers, a significant association was found between insulin resistance and high body mass index (p = 0.004, OR = 8.89, CI = 1.94-40.71), waist circumference (p = 0.003, OR = 9.63, CI = 2.14-43.36) and waist/height ratio (p = 0.034, OR = 6.86, CI = 1.25-37.61), although the variations in percentages between DD and I-carriers were not high enough to conclude an effect of ACE I/D on such an association. In this sample of Egyptian females, ACE I/D polymorphism was not significantly associated with obesity nor with any of its related disorders studied. The I allele seemed protective against hypertension in subjects with normal, not high, waist/hip ratio and conicity index compared to DD genotype carriers.
27777603	0	61	Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism	T033	C4015787
27777603	62	78	association with	T080	C0332281
27777603	79	86	obesity	T047	C0028754
27777603	104	113	disorders	T047	C0012634
27777603	117	125	Egyptian	T098	C0337801
27777603	126	133	females	T032	C0086287
27777603	137	169	case-control observational study	T062	C1518527
27777603	187	190	WHO	T093	C0043237
27777603	191	197	report	T170	C0684224
27777603	207	214	obesity	T047	C0028754
27777603	236	250	cause of death	T033	C0007465
27777603	251	260	worldwide	T079	C1254367
27777603	270	280	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27777603	284	292	Egyptian	T098	C0337801
27777603	293	299	female	T098	C0043210
27777603	300	307	obesity	T047	C0028754
27777603	325	332	obesity	T047	C0028754
27777603	343	353	influenced	T077	C4054723
27777603	357	365	genetics	T169	C0314603
27777603	371	385	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27777603	386	410	renin-angiotensin system	T022	C0035096
27777603	414	428	over-activated	T169	C0205245
27777603	432	439	obesity	T047	C0028754
27777603	445	454	effect of	T080	C1704420
27777603	455	528	angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism	T033	C4015787
27777603	532	539	obesity	T047	C0028754
27777603	552	561	disorders	T047	C0012634
27777603	585	596	populations	T098	C1257890
27777603	613	619	effect	T080	C1280500
27777603	623	635	ACE activity	T044	C2258685
27777603	641	650	objective	T170	C0018017
27777603	658	663	study	T062	C2603343
27777603	668	679	association	T080	C0439849
27777603	683	703	ACE I/D polymorphism	T033	C4015787
27777603	709	716	obesity	T047	C0028754
27777603	737	746	disorders	T047	C0012634
27777603	755	767	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27777603	769	787	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27777603	792	810	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
27777603	815	823	Egyptian	T098	C0337801
27777603	824	831	females	T032	C0086287
27777603	833	839	Eighty	T081	C3816958
27777603	840	846	female	T098	C0043210
27777603	847	857	volunteers	T098	C0020155
27777603	874	888	blood pressure	T058	C3826646
27777603	893	910	body measurements	T060	C0203910
27777603	916	924	recorded	T169	C0205245
27777603	931	938	fasting	T033	C0015663
27777603	939	951	blood sample	T031	C0178913
27777603	973	985	quantitation	T081	C1709793
27777603	989	996	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27777603	998	1011	lipid profile	T059	C0430044
27777603	1013	1021	insulin,	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27777603	1022	1028	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
27777603	1033	1047	identification	T080	C0205396
27777603	1051	1069	ACE I/D polymorphs	T033	C4015787
27777603	1071	1079	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27777603	1102	1114	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27777603	1119	1133	obesity states	T033	C4060989
27777603	1135	1146	Comparisons	T052	C1707455
27777603	1150	1160	continuous	T078	C0549178
27777603	1161	1171	parameters	T033	C0449381
27777603	1187	1198	independent	T078	C0085862
27777603	1199	1212	sample t-test	T170	C1709321
27777603	1225	1231	groups	T078	C0441833
27777603	1237	1248	frequencies	T081	C0017270
27777603	1252	1255	ACE	T116,T123	C1452534
27777603	1256	1265	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27777603	1270	1277	alleles	T028	C0002085
27777603	1287	1298	association	T080	C0439849
27777603	1307	1324	gene polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27777603	1329	1338	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27777603	1339	1349	parameters	T033	C0449381
27777603	1355	1363	assessed	T052	C1516048
27777603	1370	1380	chi-square	T170	C0008041
27777603	1384	1403	Fisher's exact test	T170	C1708064
27777603	1405	1413	Genotype	T032	C0017431
27777603	1414	1425	frequencies	T081	C0017270
27777603	1434	1460	Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium	T081	C1547026
27777603	1469	1475	groups	T078	C0441833
27777603	1477	1485	Genotype	T032	C0017431
27777603	1486	1498	distribution	T169	C1704711
27777603	1536	1544	controls	T096	C0009932
27777603	1549	1554	cases	T077	C1706256
27777603	1574	1583	disorders	T047	C0012634
27777603	1594	1605	DD carriers	T033	C0007294
27777603	1621	1627	higher	T080	C0205250
27777603	1628	1638	parameters	T033	C0449381
27777603	1642	1656	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27777603	1658	1671	lipid profile	T059	C0430044
27777603	1676	1694	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27777603	1701	1725	diastolic blood pressure	T201	C0428883
27777603	1737	1748	significant	T078	C0750502
27777603	1762	1772	I-carriers	T033	C0007294
27777603	1797	1808	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27777603	1812	1824	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27777603	1830	1841	DD carriers	T033	C0007294
27777603	1849	1855	normal	T080	C0205307
27777603	1856	1871	waist/hip ratio	T032	C0205682
27777603	1884	1886	OR	T081	C0028873
27777603	1896	1898	CI	T081	C0009667
27777603	1918	1924	normal	T080	C0205307
27777603	1925	1939	conicity index	T034	C1254595
27777603	1952	1954	OR	T081	C0028873
27777603	1963	1965	CI	T081	C0009667
27777603	1984	2004	DD genotype carriers	T033	C0007294
27777603	2008	2019	significant	T078	C0750502
27777603	2020	2031	association	T080	C0439849
27777603	2050	2068	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27777603	2073	2093	high body mass index	T033	C0231254
27777603	2106	2108	OR	T081	C0028873
27777603	2117	2119	CI	T081	C0009667
27777603	2135	2154	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
27777603	2167	2169	OR	T081	C0028873
27777603	2178	2180	CI	T081	C0009667
27777603	2199	2217	waist/height ratio	T033	C1821269
27777603	2230	2232	OR	T081	C0028873
27777603	2241	2243	CI	T081	C0009667
27777603	2272	2282	variations	T070	C0042333
27777603	2286	2297	percentages	T081	C0439165
27777603	2306	2308	DD	T033	C0007294
27777603	2313	2323	I-carriers	T033	C0007294
27777603	2360	2369	effect of	T080	C1704420
27777603	2370	2377	ACE I/D	T033	C4015787
27777603	2389	2400	association	T080	C0439849
27777603	2410	2416	sample	T167	C0370003
27777603	2420	2428	Egyptian	T098	C0337801
27777603	2429	2436	females	T032	C0086287
27777603	2438	2458	ACE I/D polymorphism	T033	C4015787
27777603	2463	2480	not significantly	T033	C1273937
27777603	2481	2496	associated with	T080	C0332281
27777603	2497	2504	obesity	T047	C0028754
27777603	2533	2542	disorders	T047	C0012634
27777603	2556	2564	I allele	T028	C0002085
27777603	2591	2603	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27777603	2607	2615	subjects	T098	C0080105
27777603	2621	2627	normal	T080	C0205307
27777603	2639	2654	waist/hip ratio	T032	C0205682
27777603	2659	2673	conicity index	T034	C1254595
27777603	2686	2706	DD genotype carriers	T033	C0007294

27777712|t|Midterm Results of Consecutive Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures Vancouver Type A and B
27777712|a|Surgical treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures has a high complication and mortality rate of more than 10%. The aim of this study is to report the outcome of a consecutive single center patient group. Thirty-four consecutive patients (mean age 81.2+/-8.5 years, 14 male, 20 female) with a periprosthetic femoral fracture Vancouver type A (n=5) or type B (n=29) were followed-up after 43.2 months, none of the patients were lost to follow-up. Nineteen of the patients were treated through change of the stem and cerclage fixation, five by plates and ten by cerclage cables. One successfully treated infection was observed. No further complications have been reported peri- or postoperatively, therefore resulting in 2.9% overall complication rate. These results demonstrate that precisely selected revision surgery protocol following periprosthetic femoral fractures within elderly multimorbid patients may lead to beneficial outcomes at a low risk of complications.
27777712	0	15	Midterm Results	T169	C1274040
27777712	19	30	Consecutive	T080	C1707491
27777712	31	45	Periprosthetic	T037	C2609162
27777712	46	63	Femoral Fractures	T037	C0015802
27777712	64	86	Vancouver Type A and B	T185	C0008902
27777712	87	105	Surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
27777712	109	123	periprosthetic	T037	C2609162
27777712	124	141	femoral fractures	T037	C0015802
27777712	148	165	high complication	T046	C0009566
27777712	170	184	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27777712	207	210	aim	T078	C1947946
27777712	219	224	study	T062	C2603343
27777712	231	237	report	T170	C0684224
27777712	242	249	outcome	T169	C1274040
27777712	255	266	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27777712	281	294	patient group	T101	C0030705
27777712	308	319	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27777712	320	328	patients	T101	C0030705
27777712	335	338	age	T032	C0001779
27777712	350	355	years	T079	C0439234
27777712	360	364	male	T032	C0086582
27777712	369	375	female	T032	C0086287
27777712	384	398	periprosthetic	T037	C2609162
27777712	399	415	femoral fracture	T037	C0015802
27777712	416	432	Vancouver type A	T185	C0008902
27777712	442	448	type B	T185	C0008902
27777712	461	472	followed-up	T058	C1522577
27777712	484	490	months	T079	C0439231
27777712	504	512	patients	T101	C0030705
27777712	526	535	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27777712	553	561	patients	T101	C0030705
27777712	567	574	treated	T169	C1522326
27777712	597	601	stem	T074	C0025080
27777712	606	623	cerclage fixation	T074	C0182444
27777712	633	639	plates	T074	C0005971
27777712	651	666	cerclage cables	T074	C0025080
27777712	685	692	treated	T169	C1522326
27777712	693	702	infection	T046	C3714514
27777712	707	715	observed	T169	C1441672
27777712	728	741	complications	T046	C0009566
27777712	752	760	reported	T058	C0700287
27777712	761	785	peri- or postoperatively	T079	C1254367
27777712	823	840	complication rate	T081	C1521828
27777712	848	855	results	T169	C1274040
27777712	892	900	revision	T061	C0558347
27777712	901	917	surgery protocol	T058	C0548471
27777712	928	942	periprosthetic	T037	C2609162
27777712	943	960	femoral fractures	T037	C0015802
27777712	968	975	elderly	T098	C0001792
27777712	976	987	multimorbid	T078	C1535889
27777712	988	996	patients	T101	C0030705
27777712	1020	1028	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27777712	1034	1042	low risk	T081	C3538919
27777712	1046	1059	complications	T046	C0009566

27777972|t|Improving vascular maturation using noncoding RNAs increases antitumor effect of chemotherapy
27777972|a|Current antiangiogenesis therapy relies on inhibiting newly developed immature tumor blood vessels and starving tumor cells. This strategy has shown transient and modest efficacy. Here, we report a better approach to target cancer -associated endothelial cells (ECs), reverse permeability and leakiness of tumor blood vessels, and improve delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumor. First, we identified deregulated microRNAs (miRs) from patient -derived cancer -associated ECs. Silencing these miRs led to decreased vascular permeability and increased maturation of blood vessels. Next, we screened a thioaptamer (TA) library to identify TAs selective for tumor -associated ECs. An annexin A2 - targeted TA was identified and used for delivery of miR106b-5p and miR30c-5p inhibitors, resulting in vascular maturation and antitumor effects without inducing hypoxia. These findings could have implications for improving vascular - targeted therapy.
27777972	0	9	Improving	T080	C1272745
27777972	10	29	vascular maturation	T042	C1621275
27777972	36	50	noncoding RNAs	T114	C0887909
27777972	61	70	antitumor	T080	C2986475
27777972	71	77	effect	T080	C1280500
27777972	81	93	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27777972	102	126	antiangiogenesis therapy	T061	C0281318
27777972	137	147	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27777972	164	172	immature	T080	C0205252
27777972	173	192	tumor blood vessels	T191	C0027668
27777972	206	217	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27777972	243	252	transient	UnknownType	C0151203
27777972	264	272	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27777972	311	317	target	T169	C1521840
27777972	318	324	cancer	T191	C0006826
27777972	337	354	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27777972	356	359	ECs	T025	C0225336
27777972	362	369	reverse	T169	C1555029
27777972	370	382	permeability	T070	C0031164
27777972	387	396	leakiness	T169	C0332234
27777972	400	419	tumor blood vessels	T191	C0027668
27777972	433	441	delivery	T169	C1705822
27777972	445	468	chemotherapeutic agents	T121	C0729502
27777972	476	481	tumor	T191	C0027651
27777972	504	515	deregulated	T052	C1880287
27777972	516	525	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27777972	527	531	miRs	T114,T123	C1101610
27777972	538	545	patient	T101	C0030705
27777972	555	561	cancer	T191	C0006826
27777972	574	577	ECs	T025	C0225336
27777972	579	588	Silencing	T045	C0598496
27777972	595	599	miRs	T114,T123	C1101610
27777972	607	616	decreased	T081	C0205216
27777972	617	638	vascular permeability	T042	C0162337
27777972	643	652	increased	T081	C0205217
27777972	653	680	maturation of blood vessels	T042	C1621275
27777972	691	699	screened	T058	C1710032
27777972	702	713	thioaptamer	T114	C0599013
27777972	715	717	TA	T114	C0599013
27777972	719	726	library	T028,T114	C0017272
27777972	739	742	TAs	T114	C0599013
27777972	757	762	tumor	T191	C0027651
27777972	775	778	ECs	T025	C0225336
27777972	783	793	annexin A2	T116,T123	C0103404
27777972	796	804	targeted	T169	C1521840
27777972	805	807	TA	T114	C0599013
27777972	836	844	delivery	T169	C1705822
27777972	848	858	miR106b-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
27777972	863	872	miR30c-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
27777972	873	883	inhibitors	T080	C1999216
27777972	898	906	vascular	T023	C0005847
27777972	907	917	maturation	T040	C0678723
27777972	922	931	antitumor	T080	C2986475
27777972	932	939	effects	T080	C1280500
27777972	957	964	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27777972	972	980	findings	T033	C0243095
27777972	1019	1027	vascular	T023	C0005847
27777972	1030	1038	targeted	T169	C1521840
27777972	1039	1046	therapy	T169	C0039798

27778115|t|Influence of dentin thickness on intrapulpal temperature under simulated pulpal pressure during Nd:YAG laser irradiation
27778115|a|The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dentin thickness and pulpal pressure simulation (PPS) on the variation of intrapulpal temperature (∆T) when submitted to an adhesive technique using laser irradiation. Sixty sound human molars were sectioned and randomly divided into two groups (n = 30): group 1-1 mm of dentin thickness; group 2-2 mm of dentin thickness. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 15): subgroup A - absence of PPS; subgroup P - presence of PPS (15 cm H2O), sequentially treated with the following: 37 % phosphoric acid, adhesive system (Adper Single Bond), irradiation with Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 Hz, 60 s) using 60, 80, and 100 mJ/ pulse energy parameters and light-curing (10 s). The ∆T was evaluated during the laser irradiation with a digital thermometer. Data were analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Three-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences for dentin thickness (p = 0.6512) on ∆T. PPS significantly reduced ∆T (p = 0.0001). The laser energy parameters (p = 0.0027) indicated that 100 mJ presented with significantly greater ∆T when compared to the groups irradiated with 80 and 60 mJ. Dentin thickness did not affect ∆T. The presence of PPS reduced the mean temperature values. The Nd:YAG laser energy parameters had a negative influence on the variation of temperature in the absence of PPS. In the presence of PPS, there was no risk to the pulp, since this study obtained temperature increases below 5.5 °C for all energy parameters, showing the technical viability for in vivo conditions.
27778115	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
27778115	13	19	dentin	T031	C0011429
27778115	20	29	thickness	T080	C1280412
27778115	33	44	intrapulpal	T023	C0011399
27778115	45	56	temperature	T081	C0039476
27778115	63	88	simulated pulpal pressure	T081	C4284008
27778115	96	108	Nd:YAG laser	T074	C0392277
27778115	109	120	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27778115	137	142	study	T062	C2603343
27778115	150	158	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27778115	163	170	effects	T080	C1280500
27778115	174	180	dentin	T031	C0011429
27778115	181	190	thickness	T080	C1280412
27778115	195	221	pulpal pressure simulation	T081	C4284008
27778115	223	226	PPS	T081	C4284008
27778115	248	271	intrapulpal temperature	T081	C0039476
27778115	273	275	∆T	T081	C0039476
27778115	298	306	adhesive	T073	C0001516
27778115	307	316	technique	T169	C0449851
27778115	323	340	laser irradiation	T061	C0871799
27778115	354	359	human	T016	C0086418
27778115	360	366	molars	T023	C0026367
27778115	412	418	groups	T078	C0441833
27778115	429	434	group	T078	C0441833
27778115	445	451	dentin	T031	C0011429
27778115	452	461	thickness	T080	C1280412
27778115	463	468	group	T078	C0441833
27778115	479	485	dentin	T031	C0011429
27778115	486	495	thickness	T080	C1280412
27778115	502	507	group	T078	C0441833
27778115	529	538	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27778115	549	559	subgroup A	T185	C1515021
27778115	562	569	absence	T169	C0332197
27778115	573	576	PPS	T081	C4284008
27778115	578	588	subgroup P	T185	C1515021
27778115	591	599	presence	T033	C0150312
27778115	603	606	PPS	T081	C4284008
27778115	614	617	H2O	T121,T197	C0043047
27778115	620	640	sequentially treated	T169	C1522326
27778115	666	681	phosphoric acid	T121,T197	C0031700
27778115	683	698	adhesive system	T073	C0001516
27778115	700	717	Adper Single Bond	T122	C2975225
27778115	720	731	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27778115	737	749	Nd:YAG laser	T074	C0392277
27778115	799	822	pulse energy parameters	T077	C0549193
27778115	827	839	light-curing	T061	C2350282
27778115	852	854	∆T	T081	C0039476
27778115	859	868	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27778115	880	897	laser irradiation	T061	C0871799
27778115	905	924	digital thermometer	T074	C0728376
27778115	926	930	Data	T078	C1511726
27778115	948	963	three-way ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27778115	968	979	Tukey tests	T170	C0282574
27778115	992	1007	Three-way ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27778115	1020	1043	significant differences	T081	C1705241
27778115	1048	1054	dentin	T031	C0011429
27778115	1055	1064	thickness	T080	C1280412
27778115	1081	1083	∆T	T081	C0039476
27778115	1085	1088	PPS	T062	C0679083
27778115	1085	1088	PPS	T081	C4284008
27778115	1089	1110	significantly reduced	T080	C0392756
27778115	1111	1113	∆T	T081	C0039476
27778115	1132	1155	laser energy parameters	T077	C0549193
27778115	1206	1227	significantly greater	T081	C1704243
27778115	1228	1230	∆T	T081	C0039476
27778115	1252	1258	groups	T078	C0441833
27778115	1259	1269	irradiated	T070	C1282930
27778115	1289	1295	Dentin	T031	C0011429
27778115	1296	1305	thickness	T080	C1280412
27778115	1321	1323	∆T	T081	C0039476
27778115	1329	1337	presence	T033	C0150312
27778115	1341	1344	PPS	T081	C4284008
27778115	1345	1352	reduced	T080	C0392756
27778115	1357	1380	mean temperature values	T080	C0042295
27778115	1386	1398	Nd:YAG laser	T074	C0392276
27778115	1399	1416	energy parameters	T077	C0549193
27778115	1423	1441	negative influence	T077	C4054723
27778115	1449	1458	variation	T080	C0205419
27778115	1462	1473	temperature	T081	C0039476
27778115	1481	1488	absence	T169	C0332197
27778115	1492	1495	PPS	T081	C4284008
27778115	1504	1512	presence	T033	C0150312
27778115	1516	1519	PPS	T081	C4284008
27778115	1534	1538	risk	T078	C0035647
27778115	1546	1550	pulp	T023	C0011399
27778115	1563	1568	study	T062	C2603343
27778115	1578	1589	temperature	T081	C0039476
27778115	1590	1599	increases	T169	C0442805
27778115	1621	1638	energy parameters	T077	C0549193
27778115	1652	1671	technical viability	T080	C0443348
27778115	1676	1683	in vivo	T082	C1515655

27778231|t|Identification of potential predictive markers of dexamethasone resistance in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
27778231|a|Response to dexamethasone (DEXA), as a hallmark drug in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is one of the pivotal prognostic factors in the prediction of outcome in ALL. Identification of predictive markers of chemoresistance is beneficial to selecting of the best therapeutic protocol with the lowest effect adverse. Hence, we aimed to find drug targets using the 2DE / MS proteomics study of a DEXA - resistant cell line (REH) as a model for poor DEXA responding patients before and after drug treatment. Using the proteomic methods, three differentially expressed proteins were detected, including voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), sorting Nexin 3 (SNX3), and prefoldin subunit 6 (PFDN6). We observed low expression of three proteins after DEXA treatment in REH cells. We subsequently verified low expression of resulted proteins at the mRNA level using the quantitative PCR method. These proteins are promising proteins because of their important roles in drug resistance and regulation of apoptosis (VDAC1), protein trafficking (SNX3), and protein folding (PFDN6). Additionally, mRNA expression level of these proteins was assessed in 17 bone marrow samples from children with newly diagnosed ALL and 7 non-cancerous samples as controls. The results indicated that independent of the molecular subtypes of leukemia, mRNA expression of VDAC1, SNX3, and PFDN6 decreased in ALL samples compared with non-cancerous samples particularly in VDAC1 (p < 0.001). Additionally, mRNA expression of three proteins was also declined in high-risk samples compared with standard risk cases. These results demonstrated diagnostic and prognostic value of these proteins in childhood ALL. Furthermore, investigation of protein-protein interaction using STRING database indicated that these proteins involved in the signaling pathway of NR3C1 as dexamethasone target. In conclusion, our proteomic study in DEXA resistant leukemic cells revealed VDAC1, SNX3, and PFDN6 are promising proteins that might serve as potential biomarkers of prognosis and chemotherapy in childhood ALL.
27778231	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
27778231	28	38	predictive	T080	C0681890
27778231	39	46	markers	T080	C0008963
27778231	50	63	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27778231	64	74	resistance	T038	C0013203
27778231	78	87	childhood	T079	C0231335
27778231	88	116	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
27778231	117	125	Response	T040	C0683154
27778231	129	142	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27778231	144	148	DEXA	T109,T121	C0011777
27778231	156	169	hallmark drug	T121	C1254351
27778231	177	186	treatment	T169	C0039798
27778231	190	199	childhood	T079	C0231335
27778231	200	228	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
27778231	230	233	ALL	T191	C0023449
27778231	258	276	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27778231	284	305	prediction of outcome	T058	C0033325
27778231	309	312	ALL	T191	C0023449
27778231	314	328	Identification	T080	C0205396
27778231	332	342	predictive	T080	C0681890
27778231	343	350	markers	T080	C0008963
27778231	354	369	chemoresistance	T038	C0013203
27778231	409	429	therapeutic protocol	T061	C0040808
27778231	446	460	effect adverse	T046	C0879626
27778231	486	498	drug targets	T074	C0085104
27778231	509	512	2DE	T059	C0013860
27778231	515	517	MS	T059	C0037813
27778231	518	534	proteomics study	T059	C0022885
27778231	540	544	DEXA	T109,T121	C0011777
27778231	547	566	resistant cell line	T025	C0007600
27778231	568	571	REH	T025	C0007600
27778231	578	583	model	T075	C0026336
27778231	593	597	DEXA	T109,T121	C0011777
27778231	609	617	patients	T101	C0030705
27778231	635	649	drug treatment	T061	C0013216
27778231	661	678	proteomic methods	T059	C0022885
27778231	701	710	expressed	T045	C1171362
27778231	711	719	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27778231	725	733	detected	T033	C0442726
27778231	745	778	voltage dependent anion channel 1	T116,T123	C0753015
27778231	780	785	VDAC1	T116,T123	C0753015
27778231	788	803	sorting Nexin 3	T116,T123	C1741224
27778231	805	809	SNX3	T116,T123	C1741224
27778231	816	835	prefoldin subunit 6	T116,T123	C1743484
27778231	837	842	PFDN6	T116,T123	C1743484
27778231	861	871	expression	T045	C1171362
27778231	881	889	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27778231	896	900	DEXA	T109,T121	C0011777
27778231	901	910	treatment	T169	C0039798
27778231	914	923	REH cells	T025	C0007600
27778231	954	964	expression	T045	C1171362
27778231	977	985	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27778231	993	997	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27778231	998	1003	level	T080	C0441889
27778231	1014	1037	quantitative PCR method	T059	C2733022
27778231	1045	1053	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27778231	1068	1076	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27778231	1104	1109	roles	T077	C1705810
27778231	1113	1128	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27778231	1133	1156	regulation of apoptosis	T043	C1148568
27778231	1158	1163	VDAC1	T116,T123	C0753015
27778231	1166	1185	protein trafficking	T043	C0599895
27778231	1187	1191	SNX3	T116,T123	C1741224
27778231	1198	1213	protein folding	T044	C0162847
27778231	1215	1220	PFDN6	T116,T123	C1743484
27778231	1237	1241	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27778231	1242	1258	expression level	T081	C3244092
27778231	1268	1276	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27778231	1281	1289	assessed	T052	C1516048
27778231	1296	1315	bone marrow samples	T031	C0438737
27778231	1321	1329	children	T100	C0008059
27778231	1335	1350	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
27778231	1351	1354	ALL	T191	C0023449
27778231	1361	1382	non-cancerous samples	T167	C0370003
27778231	1386	1394	controls	T096	C0009932
27778231	1442	1460	molecular subtypes	T185	C0449560
27778231	1464	1472	leukemia	T191	C0023418
27778231	1474	1478	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27778231	1479	1489	expression	T045	C1171362
27778231	1493	1498	VDAC1	T116,T123	C0753015
27778231	1500	1504	SNX3	T116,T123	C1741224
27778231	1510	1515	PFDN6	T116,T123	C1743484
27778231	1529	1532	ALL	T191	C0023449
27778231	1533	1540	samples	T167	C0370003
27778231	1555	1576	non-cancerous samples	T167	C0370003
27778231	1593	1598	VDAC1	T116,T123	C0753015
27778231	1626	1630	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27778231	1631	1641	expression	T045	C1171362
27778231	1651	1659	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27778231	1681	1690	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27778231	1691	1698	samples	T167	C0370003
27778231	1713	1721	standard	T080	C1442989
27778231	1722	1726	risk	T078	C0035647
27778231	1727	1732	cases	T169	C0868928
27778231	1761	1771	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27778231	1776	1786	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27778231	1787	1792	value	T080	C0042295
27778231	1802	1810	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27778231	1814	1823	childhood	T079	C0231335
27778231	1824	1827	ALL	T191	C0023449
27778231	1842	1855	investigation	T058	C0220825
27778231	1859	1886	protein-protein interaction	T044	C0872079
27778231	1893	1899	STRING	T170	C1547402
27778231	1900	1908	database	T170	C0242356
27778231	1930	1938	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27778231	1955	1972	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27778231	1976	1981	NR3C1	T116,T192	C1370369
27778231	1985	1998	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27778231	1999	2005	target	T033	C0243095
27778231	2026	2041	proteomic study	T059	C0022885
27778231	2045	2049	DEXA	T109,T121	C0011777
27778231	2050	2059	resistant	T038	C0013203
27778231	2060	2074	leukemic cells	T025	C1517806
27778231	2084	2089	VDAC1	T116,T123	C0753015
27778231	2091	2095	SNX3	T116,T123	C1741224
27778231	2101	2106	PFDN6	T116,T123	C1743484
27778231	2121	2129	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27778231	2160	2170	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27778231	2174	2183	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27778231	2188	2200	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27778231	2204	2213	childhood	T079	C0231335
27778231	2214	2217	ALL	T191	C0023449

27778368|t|A proposed classification for follicular involvement by melanoma
27778368|a|Folliculotropism in melanoma is poorly characterized and standard categorization for follicular involvement by melanoma is unavailable. We propose a logical categorization system. We conducted a search of our archives over a 24-year period for cases mentioning the terms follicle, follicular, folliculotropic, folliculocentric and melanoma. We identified 90 cases of melanoma with involvement of the hair follicle. Distinct patterns were identified. The invasive patterns were primary follicular, folliculotropic and invasive arising from melanoma in situ (MIS) with extensive follicular involvement. Follicular involvement by MIS was either lentiginous, nested or a combination of both. A total of 29 invasive melanomas were identified. Of these 12 had invasive melanoma around the hair follicle, 2 were primary follicular melanomas, 7 showed folliculotropism and 3 were invasive melanomas arising from MIS around the follicle. Seventeen invasive melanomas had follicles only involved by MIS (9 nested, 6 nested and lentiginous and 2 lentiginous). A total of 61 cases of MIS with follicular involvement were identified; of these 33 were lentiginous, 10 nested and 18 both lentiginous and nested. We propose that the three distinct patterns of follicular involvement by invasive melanoma and the three distinct patterns of MIS will be valuable for logically categorizing involvement of the hair follicle by melanoma.
27778368	2	10	proposed	T080	C1553874
27778368	11	25	classification	T185	C0008902
27778368	30	40	follicular	T023	C0221971
27778368	41	52	involvement	T169	C1314939
27778368	56	64	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27778368	65	81	Folliculotropism	T184	C0039058
27778368	85	93	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27778368	104	117	characterized	T052	C1880022
27778368	131	145	categorization	T185	C0008902
27778368	150	160	follicular	T023	C0221971
27778368	161	172	involvement	T169	C1314939
27778368	176	184	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27778368	188	199	unavailable	T080	C0686905
27778368	214	243	logical categorization system	T185	C0008902
27778368	298	304	period	T079	C1948053
27778368	309	314	cases	T077	C1706256
27778368	336	344	follicle	T023	C0221971
27778368	346	356	follicular	T023	C0221971
27778368	358	373	folliculotropic	T082	C1254362
27778368	375	391	folliculocentric	T082	C1254362
27778368	396	404	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27778368	409	419	identified	T080	C0205396
27778368	423	428	cases	T077	C1706256
27778368	432	440	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27778368	446	457	involvement	T169	C1314939
27778368	465	478	hair follicle	T023	C0221971
27778368	489	497	patterns	T082	C0449774
27778368	503	513	identified	T080	C0205396
27778368	519	527	invasive	T080	C0205281
27778368	528	536	patterns	T082	C0449774
27778368	542	549	primary	T080	C0205225
27778368	550	560	follicular	T023	C0221971
27778368	562	577	folliculotropic	T082	C1254362
27778368	582	590	invasive	T080	C0205281
27778368	604	620	melanoma in situ	T191	C0346040
27778368	622	625	MIS	T191	C0346040
27778368	642	652	follicular	T023	C0221971
27778368	653	664	involvement	T169	C1314939
27778368	666	676	Follicular	T023	C0221971
27778368	677	688	involvement	T169	C1314939
27778368	692	695	MIS	T191	C0346040
27778368	707	718	lentiginous	T080	C0439703
27778368	720	726	nested	T033	C1334948
27778368	732	743	combination	T080	C0205195
27778368	755	760	total	T080	C0439810
27778368	767	785	invasive melanomas	T191	C1708565
27778368	791	801	identified	T080	C0205396
27778368	819	836	invasive melanoma	T191	C1708565
27778368	837	843	around	T078	C0750503
27778368	848	861	hair follicle	T023	C0221971
27778368	870	877	primary	T080	C0205225
27778368	878	888	follicular	T023	C0221971
27778368	889	898	melanomas	T191	C0025202
27778368	909	925	folliculotropism	T184	C0039058
27778368	937	955	invasive melanomas	T191	C1708565
27778368	969	972	MIS	T191	C0346040
27778368	973	979	around	T078	C0750503
27778368	984	992	follicle	T023	C0221971
27778368	1004	1022	invasive melanomas	T191	C1708565
27778368	1027	1036	follicles	T023	C0221971
27778368	1042	1050	involved	T169	C1314939
27778368	1054	1057	MIS	T191	C0346040
27778368	1061	1067	nested	T033	C1334948
27778368	1071	1077	nested	T033	C1334948
27778368	1082	1093	lentiginous	T080	C0439703
27778368	1100	1111	lentiginous	T080	C0439703
27778368	1116	1121	total	T080	C0439810
27778368	1128	1133	cases	T077	C1706256
27778368	1137	1140	MIS	T191	C0346040
27778368	1146	1156	follicular	T023	C0221971
27778368	1157	1168	involvement	T169	C1314939
27778368	1174	1184	identified	T080	C0205396
27778368	1203	1214	lentiginous	T080	C0439703
27778368	1219	1225	nested	T033	C1334948
27778368	1238	1249	lentiginous	T080	C0439703
27778368	1254	1260	nested	T033	C1334948
27778368	1297	1305	patterns	T082	C0449774
27778368	1309	1319	follicular	T023	C0221971
27778368	1320	1331	involvement	T169	C1314939
27778368	1335	1352	invasive melanoma	T191	C1708565
27778368	1376	1384	patterns	T082	C0449774
27778368	1388	1391	MIS	T191	C0346040
27778368	1423	1435	categorizing	T185	C0008902
27778368	1436	1447	involvement	T169	C1314939
27778368	1455	1468	hair follicle	T023	C0221971
27778368	1472	1480	melanoma	T191	C0025202

27779321|t|Benthic injury dose-response models for polychlorinated biphenyl - contaminated sediment using equilibrium partitioning
27779321|a|The study goal was to develop a sediment polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) dose-response model based on benthic invertebrate effects to PCBs. The authors used an equilibrium partitioning (EqP) approach to generate predicted PCB sediment effect concentrations (largely Aroclor 1254) associated with a gradient of toxic effects in benthic organisms from effects observed in aquatic toxicity studies. The present study differs from all other EqP collective sediment investigations in that the authors examined a common dose-response gradient of effects for PCBs rather than a single, protective value. The authors reviewed the chronic aquatic toxicity literature to identify measured aqueous PCB concentrations and associated benthic invertebrate effects. The authors control-normalized the aquatic toxic effect data and expressed results from various studies as a common metric, percent injury. Then, they calculated organic carbon -normalized sediment PCB concentrations (mg/kg organic carbon) from the aqueous PCB toxicity data set using EqP theory based on the US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPIWEB 4.1) derivation of the water-organic carbon partition coefficient (KOC). Lastly, the authors constructed a nonlinear dose-response numerical model for these synoptic sediment PCB concentrations and biological effects: Y = 100/1 + 10(([logEC50-logX] × [Hill slope])) (EC50 = median effective concentration). These models were used to generate "look-up" tables reporting percent injury in benthic biota for a range of Aroclor -specific sediment concentrations. For example, the model using the EPIWEB KOC estimate predicts mean benthic injury of 23.3%, 46.0%, 70.6%, 87.1%, and 95% for hypothetical sediment concentrations of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, 8 mg/kg, and 16 mg/kg dry weight of Aroclor 1254, respectively (at 1% organic carbon). The authors recommend the model presented for screening but suggest, when possible, determining a site-specific KOC that, along with the tables and equations, allows users to create their own protective dose-response sediment concentration. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1311-1329. © 2016 SETAC.
27779321	0	35	Benthic injury dose-response models	T170	C0282574
27779321	40	64	polychlorinated biphenyl	T109,T131	C0032447
27779321	67	79	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27779321	80	88	sediment	T167	C1550099
27779321	95	119	equilibrium partitioning	T170	C0282574
27779321	124	129	study	T062	C2603343
27779321	152	160	sediment	T167	C1550099
27779321	161	185	polychlorinated biphenyl	T109,T131	C0032447
27779321	187	190	PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
27779321	192	211	dose-response model	T170	C0282574
27779321	221	241	benthic invertebrate	T001	C0599636
27779321	253	257	PCBs	T109,T131	C0032447
27779321	279	318	equilibrium partitioning (EqP) approach	T170	C0282574
27779321	341	344	PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
27779321	345	353	sediment	T167	C1550099
27779321	361	375	concentrations	T081	C0457929
27779321	385	397	Aroclor 1254	T109,T131	C0052391
27779321	417	425	gradient	T081	C0812409
27779321	429	442	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
27779321	446	463	benthic organisms	T001	C0599636
27779321	489	496	aquatic	T067	C0563034
27779321	497	505	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27779321	506	513	studies	T062	C2603343
27779321	527	532	study	T062	C2603343
27779321	556	559	EqP	T170	C0282574
27779321	571	579	sediment	T167	C1550099
27779321	633	646	dose-response	T038	C0678790
27779321	647	655	gradient	T081	C0812409
27779321	671	675	PCBs	T109,T131	C0032447
27779321	741	748	chronic	T079	C0205191
27779321	749	756	aquatic	T067	C0563034
27779321	757	765	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27779321	766	776	literature	T170	C0023866
27779321	798	805	aqueous	T080	C0599956
27779321	806	809	PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
27779321	810	824	concentrations	T081	C0457929
27779321	840	860	benthic invertebrate	T001	C0599636
27779321	905	912	aquatic	T067	C0563034
27779321	913	925	toxic effect	T037	C0600688
27779321	926	930	data	T078	C1511726
27779321	966	973	studies	T062	C2603343
27779321	979	992	common metric	T081	C0025867
27779321	994	1008	percent injury	T081	C0392762
27779321	1032	1046	organic carbon	T109	C0007011
27779321	1059	1067	sediment	T167	C1550099
27779321	1068	1071	PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
27779321	1072	1086	concentrations	T081	C0457929
27779321	1094	1108	organic carbon	T109	C0007011
27779321	1119	1126	aqueous	T080	C0599956
27779321	1127	1130	PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
27779321	1131	1139	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27779321	1140	1148	data set	T170	C0150098
27779321	1155	1158	EqP	T170	C0282574
27779321	1179	1215	US Environmental Protection Agency's	T092	C0041712
27779321	1217	1227	EPIWEB 4.1	T073,T170	C0037585
27779321	1247	1289	water-organic carbon partition coefficient	T081	C1518903
27779321	1291	1294	KOC	T081	C1518903
27779321	1341	1370	dose-response numerical model	T170	C0282574
27779321	1390	1398	sediment	T167	C1550099
27779321	1399	1402	PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
27779321	1403	1417	concentrations	T081	C0457929
27779321	1422	1440	biological effects	T070	C1511145
27779321	1498	1528	median effective concentration	T081	C1446561
27779321	1537	1543	models	T170	C0282574
27779321	1576	1582	tables	T170	C1706074
27779321	1593	1607	percent injury	T081	C0392762
27779321	1611	1624	benthic biota	T070	C1253910
27779321	1640	1647	Aroclor	T109,T131	C0052391
27779321	1658	1666	sediment	T167	C1550099
27779321	1667	1681	concentrations	T081	C0457929
27779321	1700	1705	model	T170	C0282574
27779321	1716	1722	EPIWEB	T073,T170	C0037585
27779321	1723	1726	KOC	T081	C1518903
27779321	1745	1764	mean benthic injury	T081	C0392762
27779321	1821	1829	sediment	T167	C1550099
27779321	1830	1844	concentrations	T081	C0457929
27779321	1911	1923	Aroclor 1254	T109,T131	C0052391
27779321	1945	1959	organic carbon	T109	C0007011
27779321	1988	1993	model	T170	C0282574
27779321	2060	2073	site-specific	T082	C0449604
27779321	2074	2077	KOC	T081	C1518903
27779321	2099	2105	tables	T170	C1706074
27779321	2110	2119	equations	T077	C0552449
27779321	2165	2178	dose-response	T038	C0678790
27779321	2179	2187	sediment	T167	C1550099
27779321	2188	2201	concentration	T081	C0457929

27779404|t|Rotation-Driven Microfluidic Disc for White Blood Cell Enumeration Using Magnetic Bead Aggregation
27779404|a|We recently defined a magnetic bead-based assay that exploited an agglutination -like response for DNA and applied it to DNA - containing cell enumeration using inexpensive benchtop hardware [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134 (12), 5689 - 96]. Although cost - efficient, the open-well format assay required numerous manual steps, and the magnetic field actuation scheme was not readily adaptable for integration. Here, we demonstrate a low - cost (<$2 in-lab), higher-throughput "pinwheel assay" platform that relies on a combination of a disposable rotation-driven microdisc (RDM), and a simple bidirectional rotating magnetic field (bi-RMF). The assay was transformed into an integrated microfluidic system using a multilayered polyester microfluidic disc created through laser print, cut and laminate fabrication, with fluid flow controlled by rotation speed without any mechanical valves. The RDM accepts four samples that undergo on-chip dilution to five different concentrations that cover the effective concentration range needed for downstream cell counting by pinwheel assay. We show that a bi-RMF is effective for the simultaneous actuation of pinwheel assays in 20 detection chambers. The optimization of the bi-RMF frequencies allows the RDM -based pinwheel assay detect human genomic DNA down to a mass of human genomic DNA (5.5 picograms) that is roughly equal to the mass in a single cell. For proof of principle, enumeration of the white blood cells in human blood samples on the RDM provided data correlating well (C.V. of 10%) with those obtained in a clinical lab. Fusing the cost - effective RDM with a simple bi-RMF provides a promising strategy for automation and multiplexing of magnetic particle -based agglutination assays.
27779404	0	33	Rotation-Driven Microfluidic Disc	T074	C0180459
27779404	38	66	White Blood Cell Enumeration	T059	C0023508
27779404	73	98	Magnetic Bead Aggregation	T067	C1254366
27779404	121	146	magnetic bead-based assay	T059	C0005507
27779404	165	178	agglutination	T034	C0522579
27779404	185	193	response	T032	C0871261
27779404	198	201	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27779404	220	223	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27779404	226	236	containing	T169	C0332256
27779404	237	241	cell	T025	C0007634
27779404	242	253	enumeration	T080	C1707927
27779404	272	289	benchtop hardware	T073	C0009602
27779404	346	350	cost	T081	C0010186
27779404	353	362	efficient	T080	C0442799
27779404	368	390	open-well format assay	T059	C0005507
27779404	400	408	numerous	T081	C0439064
27779404	409	415	manual	T169	C0175674
27779404	416	421	steps	T077	C1261552
27779404	431	462	magnetic field actuation scheme	T170	C1519193
27779404	493	504	integration	T066	C1705422
27779404	529	532	low	T080	C0205251
27779404	535	539	cost	T081	C0010186
27779404	554	588	higher-throughput "pinwheel assay"	T059	C2718004
27779404	615	626	combination	T072	C1947911
27779404	632	642	disposable	T074	C0725865
27779404	643	668	rotation-driven microdisc	T074	C0180459
27779404	670	673	RDM	T074	C0180459
27779404	689	702	bidirectional	T080	C1706937
27779404	703	711	rotating	T082	C0231458
27779404	712	726	magnetic field	T070	C0563533
27779404	728	734	bi-RMF	T070	C0563533
27779404	741	746	assay	T059	C0005507
27779404	771	801	integrated microfluidic system	T059	C1449576
27779404	810	822	multilayered	T080	C1522408
27779404	823	832	polyester	T109,T122	C0032474
27779404	833	850	microfluidic disc	T074	C0180459
27779404	867	872	laser	T073	C0023089
27779404	873	878	print	T057	C0033161
27779404	880	883	cut	T067	C1883724
27779404	888	908	laminate fabrication	T067	C1254366
27779404	915	925	fluid flow	T070	C0596578
27779404	926	936	controlled	T169	C2587213
27779404	940	948	rotation	T169	C0035868
27779404	949	954	speed	T081	C0678536
27779404	967	984	mechanical valves	T074	C1704414
27779404	990	993	RDM	T074	C0180459
27779404	1007	1014	samples	T077	C2347026
27779404	1028	1044	on-chip dilution	T169	C1948037
27779404	1063	1077	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27779404	1093	1102	effective	T080	C1704419
27779404	1103	1116	concentration	T081	C1446561
27779404	1117	1122	range	T081	C1514721
27779404	1134	1144	downstream	T082	C0522506
27779404	1145	1158	cell counting	T059	C0007584
27779404	1162	1176	pinwheel assay	T059	C0005507
27779404	1193	1199	bi-RMF	T070	C0563533
27779404	1203	1212	effective	T080	C1704419
27779404	1221	1233	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27779404	1234	1243	actuation	T081	C4055499
27779404	1247	1262	pinwheel assays	T059	C0005507
27779404	1269	1287	detection chambers	T073	C0179874
27779404	1293	1305	optimization	T052	C2698650
27779404	1313	1319	bi-RMF	T070	C0563533
27779404	1320	1331	frequencies	T070	C0678556
27779404	1343	1346	RDM	T074	C0180459
27779404	1354	1368	pinwheel assay	T059	C0005507
27779404	1369	1375	detect	T033	C0442726
27779404	1376	1381	human	T016	C0086418
27779404	1382	1389	genomic	T028	C0017428
27779404	1390	1393	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27779404	1412	1417	human	T016	C0086418
27779404	1418	1425	genomic	T028	C0017428
27779404	1426	1429	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27779404	1485	1496	single cell	T025	C0007634
27779404	1522	1533	enumeration	T080	C1707927
27779404	1541	1558	white blood cells	T025	C0023516
27779404	1562	1567	human	T016	C0086418
27779404	1568	1581	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27779404	1589	1592	RDM	T074	C0180459
27779404	1602	1606	data	T078	C1511726
27779404	1663	1671	clinical	T080	C0205210
27779404	1672	1675	lab	T073,T093	C0022877
27779404	1677	1683	Fusing	T169	C0699952
27779404	1688	1692	cost	T081	C0010186
27779404	1695	1704	effective	T080	C1704419
27779404	1705	1708	RDM	T074	C0180459
27779404	1723	1729	bi-RMF	T070	C0563533
27779404	1751	1759	strategy	T062	C0035171
27779404	1764	1774	automation	T066	C0004376
27779404	1795	1803	magnetic	T090	C0024488
27779404	1804	1812	particle	T104	C0597177
27779404	1820	1840	agglutination assays	T059	C1551405

27779444|t|Selective Anticancer Activity of Acacetin Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Both In Vivo and In Vitro Methods: Key Role of Oxidative Stress and Cancerous Mitochondria
27779444|a|The present study investigates the in vitro and in vivo effect of acacetin (4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone) on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) B-lymphocytes and mitochondria. CLL B-lymphocytes and healthy B-lymphocytes were obtained from CLL patients and healthy donors, respectively. Mitochondria were isolated from B-lymphocytes of both groups. Xenografts in severe combined immune deficient mice were used to examine the toxicity and anti CLL activity of acacetin. We evaluated and compared the mechanism of action of acacetin on CLL and healthy B-lymphocytes and their mitochondria. We have found that acacetin (10 μM) can selectively induce apoptosis on CLL B-lymphocyte (25% at 24 h) by directly targeting mitochondria, through increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, MMP collapse, MPT, release of cytochrome c, caspase 3 activation, and finally apoptosis, while sparing normal healthy B-lymphocytes unaffected at similar concentrations. Besides, oral administration of acacetin showed a potent in vivo anticancer activity in CLL xenograft mouse models. Our in vivo findings indicate that acacetin accumulates and kills CLL B-lymphocyte in a rather selective way through targeting cancerous mitochondria and ROS formation, which ends in CLL therapy. Finally, we can recommend acacetin as a promising compound for further drug development assays for the CLL treatment.
27779444	10	29	Anticancer Activity	T033	C0243095
27779444	50	78	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	T191	C0023434
27779444	90	97	In Vivo	T082	C1515655
27779444	102	110	In Vitro	T080	C1533691
27779444	132	148	Oxidative Stress	T049	C0242606
27779444	153	162	Cancerous	T191	C0006826
27779444	163	175	Mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27779444	188	193	study	T062	C2603343
27779444	211	219	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27779444	224	231	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27779444	242	250	acacetin	T109	C0100994
27779444	252	283	4'-methoxy-5,7-dihydroxyflavone	T109	C0100994
27779444	288	316	chronic lymphocytic leukemia	T191	C0023434
27779444	318	321	CLL	T191	C0023434
27779444	323	336	B-lymphocytes	T025	C0004561
27779444	341	353	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27779444	355	358	CLL	T191	C0023434
27779444	359	372	B-lymphocytes	T025	C0004561
27779444	377	384	healthy	T080	C3898900
27779444	385	398	B-lymphocytes	T025	C0004561
27779444	418	421	CLL	T191	C0023434
27779444	422	430	patients	T101	C0030705
27779444	435	442	healthy	T080	C3898900
27779444	443	449	donors	T098	C0013018
27779444	465	477	Mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27779444	497	510	B-lymphocytes	T025	C0004561
27779444	527	537	Xenografts	T122	C0522537
27779444	557	578	immune deficient mice	T015	C1512658
27779444	592	599	examine	T033	C0332128
27779444	604	612	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27779444	617	634	anti CLL activity	T033	C0243095
27779444	638	646	acacetin	T109	C0100994
27779444	678	697	mechanism of action	T169	C1524059
27779444	701	709	acacetin	T109	C0100994
27779444	713	716	CLL	T191	C0023434
27779444	721	728	healthy	T080	C3898900
27779444	729	742	B-lymphocytes	T025	C0004561
27779444	753	765	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27779444	786	794	acacetin	T109	C0100994
27779444	819	825	induce	T169	C0205263
27779444	826	835	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27779444	839	842	CLL	T191	C0023434
27779444	843	855	B-lymphocyte	T025	C0004561
27779444	882	891	targeting	T043	C0599894
27779444	892	904	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27779444	914	923	increased	T081	C0205217
27779444	924	947	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27779444	949	952	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27779444	954	963	formation	T169	C1522492
27779444	965	968	MMP	T043	C1720920
27779444	969	977	collapse	T033	C0344329
27779444	979	982	MPT	T043	C3158983
27779444	984	1007	release of cytochrome c	T043	C1326200
27779444	1009	1029	caspase 3 activation	T044	C1159825
27779444	1043	1052	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27779444	1075	1082	healthy	T080	C3898900
27779444	1083	1096	B-lymphocytes	T025	C0004561
27779444	1097	1107	unaffected	T077	C2986417
27779444	1144	1163	oral administration	T061	C0001563
27779444	1167	1175	acacetin	T109	C0100994
27779444	1192	1199	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27779444	1200	1219	anticancer activity	T033	C0243095
27779444	1223	1226	CLL	T191	C0023434
27779444	1227	1236	xenograft	T122	C0522537
27779444	1237	1249	mouse models	T050	C2986594
27779444	1255	1262	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27779444	1263	1271	findings	T169	C2607943
27779444	1286	1294	acacetin	T109	C0100994
27779444	1295	1306	accumulates	T033	C4055506
27779444	1311	1316	kills	T043	C0599733
27779444	1317	1320	CLL	T191	C0023434
27779444	1321	1333	B-lymphocyte	T025	C0004561
27779444	1378	1387	cancerous	T191	C0006826
27779444	1388	1400	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27779444	1405	1408	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27779444	1409	1418	formation	T169	C1522492
27779444	1434	1437	CLL	T191	C0023434
27779444	1438	1445	therapy	T061	C0087111
27779444	1473	1481	acacetin	T109	C0100994
27779444	1518	1534	drug development	T091	C0872152
27779444	1550	1553	CLL	T191	C0023434
27779444	1554	1563	treatment	T061	C0087111

27779702|t|Extract of Caulis Spatholobi, a novel blocker targeting tumor cell ‑induced platelet aggregation, inhibits breast cancer metastasis
27779702|a|Metastasis of breast cancer is the vital step for malignant progression. During such a process, hematogenous metastasis is an indispensable approach for the dissemination of cancer cells. A platelet, contributes to hypercoagulable state, and is also identified the crucial factor in the coagulation system for supporting metastasis. Therefore, the relationship of a platelet and a tumor cell plays a critical role in tumor cell metastasis. Consequently, inhibiting tumor cell ‑induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) is recongnized as a crucial target on suppression of tumor metastasis such as aspirin (ASA). Under such circumstance, here we report that, through dissociating the tumor‑platelet (T‑P) complex, 80% ethanol extracts of Caulis Spatholobi (SET) successfully alleviated the hypercoagulation state, thereby reducing tumor metastasis and improving the prospects of survival in breast cancer cell model. Through MTT and anti‑aggregation assay stimulated by ADP, we detected the optimum treatment time and the optimum dose of SET. By using confocal microscopy, we observed that SET can strongly block the formation of T‑P complex i n vitro. The result was further quantified and confirmed by the FACS analysis. The fluorescent value of T‑P complex was obviously decreased in the drug‑treated groups. In vivo, 4T1 cells were injected through the mouse tail vein for dynamic visualization by small animal imaging system. The metastatic intensity was quantified and the survival curve was analyzed. Additionally, general observation and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of lung tissue was performed. SET exerted an obvious effect on the inhibition of metastasis and increasing the survival rate of mice. For the molecular mechanism study of anti‑TCIPA, zymography and R T‑PCR assay preliminarily revealed the molecular mechanism of SET in the regulation of P ‑T interaction. Collectively, through drug efficacy identification and pharmacological revealing, we have obtained a promising candidate for the interference of breast metastasis by suppressing TCIPA, which will be beneficial for clinical cancer treatment.
27779702	0	28	Extract of Caulis Spatholobi	T123	C0032081
27779702	11	28	Caulis Spatholobi	T002	C0242767
27779702	38	45	blocker	T121	C1254351
27779702	56	66	tumor cell	T025	C0597032
27779702	56	96	tumor cell ‑induced platelet aggregation	T043	C0032176
27779702	107	120	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27779702	121	131	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27779702	132	142	Metastasis	T191	C0027627
27779702	146	159	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27779702	182	203	malignant progression	T191	C0948048
27779702	228	251	hematogenous metastasis	T191	C0027627
27779702	306	318	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27779702	322	330	platelet	T025	C0005821
27779702	347	368	hypercoagulable state	T047	C0398623
27779702	405	411	factor	T169	C1521761
27779702	419	430	coagulation	T042	C0005778
27779702	431	437	system	T169	C0449913
27779702	453	463	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27779702	498	506	platelet	T025	C0005821
27779702	513	523	tumor cell	T025	C0597032
27779702	549	559	tumor cell	T025	C0597032
27779702	560	570	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27779702	597	607	tumor cell	T025	C0597032
27779702	597	637	tumor cell ‑induced platelet aggregation	T043	C0032176
27779702	639	644	TCIPA	T043	C0032176
27779702	684	695	suppression	T044	C1519692
27779702	699	715	tumor metastasis	T191	C0027627
27779702	724	731	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27779702	733	736	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
27779702	810	839	tumor‑platelet (T‑P) complex,	T026	C0243092
27779702	844	851	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
27779702	852	881	extracts of Caulis Spatholobi	T123	C0032081
27779702	864	881	Caulis Spatholobi	T002	C0242767
27779702	883	886	SET	T123	C0032081
27779702	916	938	hypercoagulation state	T047	C0398623
27779702	957	973	tumor metastasis	T191	C0027627
27779702	1005	1013	survival	T052	C0038952
27779702	1017	1023	breast	T023	C0006141
27779702	1024	1035	cancer cell	T025	C0334227
27779702	1036	1041	model	T075	C0026336
27779702	1051	1054	MTT	T059	C0201596
27779702	1059	1099	anti‑aggregation assay stimulated by ADP	T059	C0005507
27779702	1117	1139	optimum treatment time	T079	C0040223
27779702	1148	1160	optimum dose	T081	C0178602
27779702	1164	1167	SET	T123	C0032081
27779702	1178	1197	confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
27779702	1216	1219	SET	T123	C0032081
27779702	1243	1252	formation	T169	C1522492
27779702	1256	1267	T‑P complex	T026	C0243092
27779702	1270	1277	n vitro	T080	C1533691
27779702	1334	1347	FACS analysis	T059	C0079366
27779702	1353	1370	fluorescent value	T081	C0392762
27779702	1374	1385	T‑P complex	T026	C0243092
27779702	1417	1437	drug‑treated groups.	T078	C0441833
27779702	1438	1445	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27779702	1447	1456	4T1 cells	T025	C0597032
27779702	1462	1470	injected	T061	C1533685
27779702	1483	1488	mouse	T015	C0025929
27779702	1489	1498	tail vein	T023	C2985205
27779702	1503	1524	dynamic visualization	T060	C0430022
27779702	1528	1555	small animal imaging system	T073	C2697665
27779702	1561	1581	metastatic intensity	T081	C0392762
27779702	1605	1619	survival curve	T081	C0392762
27779702	1624	1632	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27779702	1672	1708	hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining	T059	C0523207
27779702	1712	1716	lung	T023	C0024109
27779702	1717	1723	tissue	T024	C0040300
27779702	1739	1742	SET	T123	C0032081
27779702	1776	1786	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27779702	1790	1800	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27779702	1820	1833	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27779702	1837	1841	mice	T015	C0025929
27779702	1851	1870	molecular mechanism	T044	C1148560
27779702	1871	1876	study	T062	C2603343
27779702	1880	1890	anti‑TCIPA	T059	C0005507
27779702	1892	1902	zymography	T062	C1517469
27779702	1909	1920	T‑PCR assay	T063	C0599161
27779702	1948	1967	molecular mechanism	T044	C1148560
27779702	1971	1974	SET	T123	C0032081
27779702	1998	2012	‑T interaction	T043	C0007582
27779702	2036	2049	drug efficacy	T080	C0598333
27779702	2069	2084	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27779702	2159	2165	breast	T023	C0006141
27779702	2166	2176	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27779702	2192	2197	TCIPA	T043	C0032176
27779702	2228	2236	clinical	T080	C0205210
27779702	2237	2253	cancer treatment	T061	C0920425

27780501|t|Definition and application of precision medicine
27780501|a|"No abstract".
27780501	0	10	Definition	T170	C1704788
27780501	15	26	application	T169	C0457083
27780501	30	48	precision medicine	T061	C2718059

27780592|t|Modification of the effects of air pollutants on mortality by temperature: A systematic review and meta-analysis
27780592|a|Temperature extremes and air pollution both pose significant threats to human health, but it remains uncertain whether pollutants' effects on mortality are modified by temperature levels. In this review, we summarized epidemiologic evidence on the modification by temperature of the acute effects of air pollutants on non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality. The EMBASE, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Elsevier Science Direct databases were used to identify papers published up to 2nd December 2014. Studies with appropriate design, exposures and outcome indicators, quantitative estimates and high / intermediate quality were included. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 12 reported the effects of PM10 on mortality modified by temperature, 10 studied O3, and the rest examined NO2, SO2, PM2.5, PM10-2.5, CO and black smoke. We divided temperature into low, medium, and high categories as defined in each study. In high temperature days, a 10μg/m(3) increment in PM10 concentration corresponded to pooled estimates of 0.78% (95% CI: 0.44%, 1.11%) and 1.28% (0.66%, 1.91%) increase in non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality, both statistically significantly higher than the estimates in medium temperature stratum. Pooled effects of O3 on non-accidental mortality on low and high temperature days were increases of 0.48% (0.28%, 0.69%) and 0.47% (0.32%, 0.63%) respectively, for 10μg/m(3) increase in exposure, both significantly higher than the increase of 0.20% (0.07%, 0.34%) on medium temperature days. The effect of O3 on cardiovascular mortality was strongest on high temperature days with pooled estimate of 1.63% (1.14%, 2.13%). No significant interactions between SO2 / NO2 and temperature were detected by meta-analysis. Other pollutants were not analyzed due to the lack of suitable studies. In summary, we observed interactions between high temperature and PM10 and O3 in the effects on non-accidental and cardiovascular mortality. Low temperature modified the effects of air pollutants but not in a consistent fashion: the effect of PM10 on cardiovascular mortality was diminished but the association between O3 and non-accidental mortality was strengthened.
27780592	0	12	Modification	T169	C0392747
27780592	20	30	effects of	T080	C1704420
27780592	31	45	air pollutants	T131	C0001869
27780592	49	58	mortality	T081	C0205848
27780592	62	73	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	77	94	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27780592	99	112	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27780592	113	133	Temperature extremes	T070	C1321552
27780592	138	151	air pollution	T069	C0001873
27780592	162	173	significant	T078	C0750502
27780592	174	181	threats	T078	C0749385
27780592	185	190	human	T016	C0086418
27780592	191	197	health	T078	C0018684
27780592	232	243	pollutants'	T131	C0599786
27780592	244	251	effects	T080	C1280500
27780592	255	264	mortality	T081	C0205848
27780592	269	277	modified	T169	C0392747
27780592	281	292	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	293	299	levels	T080	C0441889
27780592	331	344	epidemiologic	T169	C0014508
27780592	345	353	evidence	T078	C3887511
27780592	361	373	modification	T169	C0392747
27780592	377	388	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	396	401	acute	T079	C0205178
27780592	402	412	effects of	T080	C1704420
27780592	413	427	air pollutants	T131	C0001869
27780592	431	445	non-accidental	T169	C0521130
27780592	450	464	cardiovascular	T047	C0007222
27780592	465	474	mortality	T081	C0205848
27780592	480	486	EMBASE	T170	C0282574
27780592	488	494	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27780592	496	529	ProQuest Dissertations and Theses	T170	C0039828
27780592	535	568	Elsevier Science Direct databases	T170	C0242356
27780592	591	597	papers	T170	C0282420
27780592	618	626	December	T080	C3830550
27780592	646	657	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27780592	658	664	design	T052	C1707689
27780592	666	675	exposures	T033	C4060834
27780592	680	698	outcome indicators	T081	C0086749
27780592	700	722	quantitative estimates	T081	C0034384
27780592	727	731	high	T080	C0205250
27780592	734	746	intermediate	T082	C0205103
27780592	747	754	quality	T080	C0332306
27780592	760	768	included	T169	C0332257
27780592	770	780	Twenty-one	T081	C3715213
27780592	781	788	studies	T062	C2603343
27780592	797	815	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27780592	842	852	effects of	T080	C1704420
27780592	853	857	PM10	T167	C1720884
27780592	861	870	mortality	T081	C0205848
27780592	871	879	modified	T169	C0392747
27780592	883	894	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	907	909	O3	T103	C0030106
27780592	924	932	examined	T033	C0332128
27780592	933	936	NO2	T131,T197	C0028160
27780592	938	941	SO2	T131,T197	C0038777
27780592	943	948	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
27780592	950	958	PM10-2.5	T167	C1720884
27780592	960	962	CO	T131,T197	C0007018
27780592	967	978	black smoke	T131	C0037366
27780592	991	1002	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	1008	1011	low	T080	C0205251
27780592	1013	1019	medium	T081	C0439536
27780592	1025	1029	high	T080	C0205250
27780592	1030	1040	categories	T170	C0683312
27780592	1060	1065	study	T062	C2603343
27780592	1070	1074	high	T080	C0205250
27780592	1075	1086	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	1087	1091	days	T079	C0439228
27780592	1105	1114	increment	T081	C1705117
27780592	1118	1122	PM10	T167	C1720884
27780592	1123	1136	concentration	T081	C0457929
27780592	1153	1159	pooled	T169	C2349200
27780592	1160	1169	estimates	T081	C0750572
27780592	1184	1186	CI	T081	C0009667
27780592	1227	1235	increase	T169	C0442805
27780592	1239	1253	non-accidental	T169	C0521130
27780592	1258	1272	cardiovascular	T047	C0007222
27780592	1273	1282	mortality	T081	C0205848
27780592	1303	1323	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27780592	1333	1342	estimates	T081	C0750572
27780592	1346	1352	medium	T081	C0439536
27780592	1353	1364	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	1365	1372	stratum	T096	C2985610
27780592	1374	1380	Pooled	T169	C2349200
27780592	1381	1391	effects of	T080	C1704420
27780592	1392	1394	O3	T103	C0030106
27780592	1398	1412	non-accidental	T169	C0521130
27780592	1413	1422	mortality	T081	C0205848
27780592	1426	1429	low	T080	C0205251
27780592	1434	1438	high	T080	C0205250
27780592	1439	1450	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	1451	1455	days	T079	C0439228
27780592	1461	1470	increases	T169	C0442805
27780592	1548	1556	increase	T169	C0442805
27780592	1560	1568	exposure	T033	C4060834
27780592	1575	1595	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27780592	1605	1613	increase	T169	C0442805
27780592	1641	1647	medium	T081	C0439536
27780592	1648	1659	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	1660	1664	days	T079	C0439228
27780592	1670	1676	effect	T080	C1280500
27780592	1680	1682	O3	T103	C0030106
27780592	1686	1700	cardiovascular	T047	C0007222
27780592	1701	1710	mortality	T081	C0205848
27780592	1728	1732	high	T080	C0205250
27780592	1733	1744	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	1745	1749	days	T079	C0439228
27780592	1755	1761	pooled	T169	C2349200
27780592	1762	1770	estimate	T081	C0750572
27780592	1796	1810	No significant	T033	C1273937
27780592	1811	1823	interactions	T169	C1704675
27780592	1832	1835	SO2	T131,T197	C0038777
27780592	1838	1841	NO2	T131,T197	C0028160
27780592	1846	1857	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	1863	1871	detected	T033	C0442726
27780592	1875	1888	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27780592	1896	1906	pollutants	T131	C0599786
27780592	1916	1924	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27780592	1936	1940	lack	T080	C0332268
27780592	1944	1960	suitable studies	T062	C2603343
27780592	1977	1985	observed	T169	C1441672
27780592	1986	1998	interactions	T169	C1704675
27780592	2007	2011	high	T080	C0205250
27780592	2012	2023	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	2028	2032	PM10	T167	C1720884
27780592	2037	2039	O3	T103	C0030106
27780592	2047	2054	effects	T080	C1280500
27780592	2058	2072	non-accidental	T169	C0521130
27780592	2077	2091	cardiovascular	T047	C0007222
27780592	2092	2101	mortality	T081	C0205848
27780592	2103	2106	Low	T080	C0205251
27780592	2107	2118	temperature	T081	C0039476
27780592	2119	2127	modified	T169	C0392747
27780592	2132	2142	effects of	T080	C1704420
27780592	2143	2157	air pollutants	T131	C0001869
27780592	2195	2201	effect	T080	C1280500
27780592	2205	2209	PM10	T167	C1720884
27780592	2213	2227	cardiovascular	T047	C0007222
27780592	2228	2237	mortality	T081	C0205848
27780592	2242	2252	diminished	T081	C0205216
27780592	2261	2272	association	T080	C0439849
27780592	2281	2283	O3	T103	C0030106
27780592	2288	2302	non-accidental	T169	C0521130
27780592	2303	2312	mortality	T081	C0205848

27780748|t|Prophylactic Use of Oral Dexamethasone to Alleviate Fatigue During Regorafenib Treatment for Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
27780748|a|Fatigue is the most common toxicity of all grade toxicities with regorafenib, was the second most common toxicity in the CORRECT (regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer) study, and is a major reason for early dose modification. The results from a recent randomized study suggested that dexamethasone (DEX) can improve cancer-related fatigue. We retrospectively analyzed the effect of prophylactic use of an oral DEX on fatigue during regorafenib treatment in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A total of 105 patients who had received regorafenib at our institution from May 2013 to August 2014 were divided into 2 groups according to oral DEX use (2 mg/day; at the physician's discretion). Of the 105 patients, 31 received prophylactic DEX and 74 received regorafenib alone. The time to dose modification was significantly longer in the DEX group than in the no DEX group (15 days vs. 9 days; P = .009). The incidence of fatigue (grade ≥ 1) was significantly lower with DEX than without DEX (25.8% vs. 50.0%; P = .022). Fewer patients experienced a decreased appetite (grade ≥ 1; 3.2% vs. 35.1%; P < .001) and hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR; grade ≥ 3; 3.2% vs. 25.7%, P = .002) with DEX than without DEX. DEX was effective in reducing fatigue during regorafenib treatment, resulting in prolonging the time to dose modification for regorafenib. The decreased incidence of appetite loss and HFSR also suggest that concurrent DEX administration with regorafenib warrants further investigation.
27780748	0	12	Prophylactic	T169	C0445202
27780748	20	38	Oral Dexamethasone	T200	C0360528
27780748	42	51	Alleviate	T061	C1274136
27780748	52	59	Fatigue	T184	C0015672
27780748	60	66	During	T079	C0347984
27780748	67	78	Regorafenib	T109,T121	C2980094
27780748	79	88	Treatment	T169	C0039798
27780748	93	101	Patients	T101	C0030705
27780748	107	135	Metastatic Colorectal Cancer	T191	C0948380
27780748	136	143	Fatigue	T184	C0015672
27780748	156	162	common	T081	C0205214
27780748	163	171	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27780748	179	184	grade	T185	C0441800
27780748	185	195	toxicities	T037	C0600688
27780748	201	212	regorafenib	T109,T121	C2980094
27780748	234	240	common	T081	C0205214
27780748	241	249	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27780748	257	264	CORRECT	T170	C0282574
27780748	266	348	regorafenib monotherapy for previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer) study	T170	C0282574
27780748	359	364	major	T080	C0205164
27780748	365	371	reason	T078	C0392360
27780748	376	381	early	T079	C1279919
27780748	382	399	dose modification	T062	C1707811
27780748	427	443	randomized study	T062	C2986910
27780748	459	472	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	474	477	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	483	490	improve	T033	C0184511
27780748	491	513	cancer-related fatigue	T033	C4274302
27780748	518	542	retrospectively analyzed	T062	C0035363
27780748	547	553	effect	T080	C1280500
27780748	557	569	prophylactic	T169	C0445202
27780748	580	588	oral DEX	T200	C0360528
27780748	592	599	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27780748	607	618	regorafenib	T109,T121	C2980094
27780748	619	628	treatment	T169	C0039798
27780748	632	640	patients	T101	C0030705
27780748	646	674	metastatic colorectal cancer	T191	C0948380
27780748	676	680	mCRC	T191	C0948380
27780748	698	706	patients	T101	C0030705
27780748	724	735	regorafenib	T109,T121	C2980094
27780748	743	754	institution	T093	C2607850
27780748	789	796	divided	T169	C0332849
27780748	804	810	groups	T078	C0441833
27780748	824	832	oral DEX	T200	C0360528
27780748	855	866	physician's	T097	C0031831
27780748	891	899	patients	T101	C0030705
27780748	904	912	received	T080	C1514756
27780748	913	925	prophylactic	T169	C0445202
27780748	926	929	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	946	957	regorafenib	T109,T121	C2980094
27780748	958	963	alone	T081	C0205171
27780748	977	994	dose modification	T062	C1707811
27780748	1027	1030	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	1031	1036	group	T078	C0441833
27780748	1052	1055	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	1098	1107	incidence	T081	C0021149
27780748	1111	1118	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27780748	1160	1163	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	1169	1176	without	T080	C0332288
27780748	1177	1180	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	1216	1224	patients	T101	C0030705
27780748	1225	1236	experienced	T041	C0596545
27780748	1239	1257	decreased appetite	T033	C0232462
27780748	1259	1264	grade	T185	C0441800
27780748	1300	1323	hand-foot skin reaction	T046	C2721716
27780748	1325	1329	HFSR	T046	C2721716
27780748	1331	1336	grade	T185	C0441800
27780748	1373	1376	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	1382	1389	without	T080	C0332288
27780748	1390	1393	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	1395	1398	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	1403	1412	effective	T080	C1704419
27780748	1416	1424	reducing	T080	C0392756
27780748	1425	1432	fatigue	T184	C0015672
27780748	1440	1451	regorafenib	T109,T121	C2980094
27780748	1452	1461	treatment	T169	C0039798
27780748	1476	1486	prolonging	T079	C0439590
27780748	1491	1495	time	T079	C0040223
27780748	1499	1516	dose modification	T062	C1707811
27780748	1521	1532	regorafenib	T109,T121	C2980094
27780748	1538	1547	decreased	T081	C0205216
27780748	1548	1557	incidence	T081	C0021149
27780748	1561	1574	appetite loss	T033	C1971624
27780748	1579	1583	HFSR	T046	C2721716
27780748	1589	1596	suggest	T078	C1705535
27780748	1602	1612	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27780748	1613	1616	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
27780748	1617	1631	administration	T061	C1533734
27780748	1637	1648	regorafenib	T109,T121	C2980094
27780748	1666	1679	investigation	T058	C0220825

27780827|t|When water is thicker than blood: recognising a systemic cause of haemoptysis
27780827|a|The case of an 11- year-old child presenting with acute haemoptysis and breathlessness is described. The girl was Malaysian and had recently arrived in the UK. She subsequently deteriorated, developing respiratory failure. The course of the illness is described, with reference to the diagnostic process at each stage. The case demonstrates the importance of having a broad investigatory approach in acute haemoptysis.
27780827	5	10	water	T031	C0005909
27780827	14	21	thicker	T080	C1280412
27780827	27	32	blood	T031	C0005767
27780827	48	56	systemic	T169	C0205373
27780827	57	62	cause	T169	C0015127
27780827	66	77	haemoptysis	T184	C0019079
27780827	82	86	case	T077	C1706256
27780827	97	105	year-old	T079	C1510829
27780827	106	111	child	T100	C0008059
27780827	128	133	acute	T079	C0205178
27780827	134	145	haemoptysis	T184	C0019079
27780827	150	164	breathlessness	T184	C0013404
27780827	183	187	girl	T100	C0870604
27780827	192	201	Malaysian	T098	C0240293
27780827	234	236	UK	T083	C0041700
27780827	255	267	deteriorated	T033	C1457868
27780827	269	279	developing	T169	C0205245
27780827	280	299	respiratory failure	T047	C1145670
27780827	305	326	course of the illness	T046	C0242656
27780827	363	381	diagnostic process	T060	C0430022
27780827	390	395	stage	T079	C1306673
27780827	401	405	case	T077	C1706256
27780827	478	483	acute	T079	C0205178
27780827	484	495	haemoptysis	T184	C0019079

27781034|t|Generalized Epilepsy and Myoclonic Seizures in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
27781034|a|Prompted by the observations of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) and recurrent copy number variants in genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE), we searched for further evidence supporting a possible correlation of 22q11DS with GGE and with myoclonic seizures. Through routine diagnostics, we identified 3 novel individuals with the seemingly uncommon combination of 22q11DS and JME. We subsequently screened the literature for reports focussing on the epilepsy phenotype in 22q11DS. We additionally screened a database of 173 22q11DS patients and identified a fourth individual with JME as well as 2 additional cases with GGE. We describe 6 novel and 22 published cases with co-occurrence of 22q11DS and GGE. In many patients, GGE was associated with myoclonic seizures allowing for a diagnosis of JME in at least 6 individuals. Seventeen of the 173 22q11DS cases (10%) had a diagnosis of either focal or generalized epilepsy. In these cases, focal epilepsy could often be attributed to syndrome-associated hypocalcaemia, cerebral bleeds, or structural brain anomalies. However, the cause of GGE remained unclear. In this study, we describe and review 28 individuals with 22q11DS and GGE (especially JME), showing that both disorders frequently co-occur. Compared to the reported prevalence of 15-21%, in our case series only 10% of 22q11DS individuals were found to have epilepsy, often GGE. Since 22q11.2 does not contain convincing GGE candidate genes, we discuss the possibility of an aetiological correlation through a possibly disturbed interaction with the GABAB receptor.
27781034	0	20	Generalized Epilepsy	T047	C0014548
27781034	25	43	Myoclonic Seizures	T047	C0014550
27781034	47	72	22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome	T047	C0012236
27781034	105	132	juvenile myoclonic epilepsy	T047	C0270853
27781034	134	137	JME	T047	C0270853
27781034	142	167	22q11.2 deletion syndrome	T047	C0012236
27781034	169	176	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
27781034	182	212	recurrent copy number variants	T086	C1511518
27781034	216	223	genetic	T169	C0017399
27781034	224	244	generalized epilepsy	T047	C0014548
27781034	246	249	GGE	T047	C0014548
27781034	307	318	correlation	T080	C1707520
27781034	322	329	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
27781034	335	338	GGE	T047	C0014548
27781034	348	366	myoclonic seizures	T047	C0014550
27781034	376	395	routine diagnostics	T060	C0086143
27781034	419	430	individuals	T098	C0027361
27781034	450	458	uncommon	T080	C0522498
27781034	459	470	combination	T080	C0205195
27781034	474	481	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
27781034	486	489	JME	T047	C0270853
27781034	507	515	screened	T058	C0220908
27781034	520	530	literature	T170	C0023866
27781034	535	542	reports	T170	C0684224
27781034	560	578	epilepsy phenotype	T032	C0031437
27781034	582	589	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
27781034	607	615	screened	T058	C0220908
27781034	618	626	database	T170	C0242356
27781034	634	641	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
27781034	642	650	patients	T101	C0030705
27781034	675	685	individual	T098	C0027361
27781034	691	694	JME	T047	C0270853
27781034	719	724	cases	T169	C0868928
27781034	730	733	GGE	T047	C0014548
27781034	749	754	novel	T080	C0205314
27781034	762	771	published	T057	C0034037
27781034	772	777	cases	T169	C0868928
27781034	783	796	co-occurrence	T033	C0243095
27781034	800	807	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
27781034	812	815	GGE	T047	C0014548
27781034	825	833	patients	T101	C0030705
27781034	835	838	GGE	T047	C0014548
27781034	843	858	associated with	T080	C0332281
27781034	859	877	myoclonic seizures	T047	C0014550
27781034	893	902	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27781034	906	909	JME	T047	C0270853
27781034	924	935	individuals	T098	C0027361
27781034	958	965	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
27781034	966	971	cases	T169	C0868928
27781034	984	993	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27781034	1004	1009	focal	T047	C0014547
27781034	1013	1033	generalized epilepsy	T047	C0014548
27781034	1044	1049	cases	T169	C0868928
27781034	1051	1065	focal epilepsy	T047	C0014547
27781034	1095	1128	syndrome-associated hypocalcaemia	T047	C0020598
27781034	1130	1145	cerebral bleeds	T033	C2937358
27781034	1150	1176	structural brain anomalies	T033	C3280971
27781034	1200	1203	GGE	T047	C0014548
27781034	1230	1235	study	T062	C2603343
27781034	1263	1274	individuals	T098	C0027361
27781034	1280	1287	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
27781034	1292	1295	GGE	T047	C0014548
27781034	1308	1311	JME	T047	C0270853
27781034	1332	1341	disorders	T047	C0012634
27781034	1342	1361	frequently co-occur	T033	C0243095
27781034	1379	1398	reported prevalence	T081	C0220900
27781034	1417	1428	case series	T062	C0150093
27781034	1441	1448	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
27781034	1449	1460	individuals	T098	C0027361
27781034	1480	1488	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27781034	1496	1499	GGE	T047	C0014548
27781034	1507	1514	22q11.2	T026	C1521104
27781034	1543	1546	GGE	T047	C0014548
27781034	1547	1562	candidate genes	T028	C1332838
27781034	1597	1609	aetiological	T169	C0015127
27781034	1610	1621	correlation	T080	C1707520
27781034	1672	1686	GABAB receptor	T116,T192	C0052887

27781291|t|Expressed microRNA associated with high rate of egg production in chicken ovarian follicles
27781291|a|MicroRNA (miRNA) is a highly conserved class of small noncoding RNA about 19-24 nucleotides in length that function in a specific manner to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in organisms. Tissue miRNA expression studies have discovered a myriad of functions for miRNAs in various aspects, but a role for miRNAs in chicken ovarian tissue at 300 days of age has not hitherto been reported. In this study, we performed the first miRNA analysis of ovarian tissues in chickens with low and high rates of egg production using high-throughput sequencing. By comparing low rate of egg production chickens with high rate of egg production chickens, 17 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs were found (P < 0.05), including 11 known and six novel miRNAs. We found that all 11 known miRNAs were involved mainly in pathways of reproduction regulation, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis and dopaminergic synapse. Additionally, expression profiling of six randomly selected differentially regulated miRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Some miRNAs, such as gga-miR-34b, gga-miR-34c and gga-miR-216b, were reported to regulate processes such as proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and metastasis and were expressed differentially in ovaries of chickens with high rates of egg production, suggesting that these miRNAs have an important role in ovary development and reproductive management of chicken. Furthermore, we uncovered that a significantly up-regulated miRNA - gga-miR-200a-3p -is ubiquitous in reproduction - regulation -related pathways. This miRNA may play a special central role in the reproductive management of chicken, and needs to be further studied for confirmation.
27781291	0	9	Expressed	T045	C0017262
27781291	10	18	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	19	34	associated with	T080	C0332281
27781291	35	39	high	T080	C0205250
27781291	40	44	rate	T081	C1521828
27781291	48	62	egg production	T042	C0029965
27781291	66	73	chicken	T012	C0008051
27781291	74	91	ovarian follicles	T023	C0018120
27781291	92	100	MicroRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	102	107	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	146	159	noncoding RNA	T114	C0887909
27781291	172	183	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
27781291	187	193	length	T081	C1444754
27781291	199	207	function	T169	C0542341
27781291	232	263	post-transcriptionally regulate	T045	C1514248
27781291	264	279	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27781291	283	292	organisms	T001	C0029235
27781291	294	300	Tissue	T024	C0040300
27781291	301	306	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	307	317	expression	T045	C0017262
27781291	318	325	studies	T062	C2603343
27781291	354	363	functions	T169	C0542341
27781291	368	374	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	410	416	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	420	427	chicken	T012	C0008051
27781291	428	442	ovarian tissue	T024	C1518744
27781291	450	454	days	T079	C0439228
27781291	458	461	age	T032	C0001779
27781291	532	537	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	538	546	analysis	T062	C0936012
27781291	550	565	ovarian tissues	T024	C1518744
27781291	569	577	chickens	T012	C0008051
27781291	583	586	low	T080	C0205251
27781291	591	595	high	T080	C0205250
27781291	596	601	rates	T081	C1521828
27781291	605	619	egg production	T042	C0029965
27781291	626	652	high-throughput sequencing	T063	C2936623
27781291	667	670	low	T080	C0205251
27781291	671	675	rate	T081	C1521828
27781291	679	693	egg production	T042	C0029965
27781291	694	702	chickens	T012	C0008051
27781291	708	712	high	T080	C0205250
27781291	713	717	rate	T081	C1521828
27781291	721	735	egg production	T042	C0029965
27781291	736	744	chickens	T012	C0008051
27781291	778	787	expressed	T045	C0017262
27781291	788	794	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	851	857	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	886	892	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	917	925	pathways	T044	C0037080
27781291	929	941	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27781291	942	952	regulation	T045	C0017263
27781291	962	990	steroid hormone biosynthesis	T044	C0597517
27781291	995	1015	dopaminergic synapse	T030	C0039062
27781291	1031	1041	expression	T045	C0017262
27781291	1092	1101	regulated	T045	C0017263
27781291	1102	1108	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	1127	1175	quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C3179034
27781291	1177	1184	RT-qPCR	T063	C3179034
27781291	1192	1198	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	1208	1219	gga-miR-34b	T028	C1537746
27781291	1221	1232	gga-miR-34c	T028	C1537747
27781291	1237	1249	gga-miR-216b	T028	C2239687
27781291	1268	1276	regulate	T045	C0017263
27781291	1295	1308	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27781291	1310	1320	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
27781291	1322	1331	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27781291	1336	1346	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27781291	1356	1365	expressed	T045	C0017262
27781291	1384	1391	ovaries	T023	C0029939
27781291	1395	1403	chickens	T012	C0008051
27781291	1409	1413	high	T080	C0205250
27781291	1414	1419	rates	T081	C1521828
27781291	1423	1437	egg production	T042	C0029965
27781291	1461	1467	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	1494	1499	ovary	T023	C0029939
27781291	1500	1511	development	T038	C0242290
27781291	1516	1539	reproductive management	T040	C0035150
27781291	1543	1550	chicken	T012	C0008051
27781291	1599	1611	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27781291	1612	1617	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	1620	1635	gga-miR-200a-3p	T028	C1537838
27781291	1654	1666	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27781291	1669	1679	regulation	T045	C0017263
27781291	1689	1697	pathways	T044	C0037080
27781291	1704	1709	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27781291	1749	1772	reproductive management	T040	C0035150
27781291	1776	1783	chicken	T012	C0008051

27781405|t|Valproic acid enhances the neural differentiation of human placenta derived- mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
27781405|a|Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known to express a wide range of markers belonging to all the three lineages: mesodermal, ectodermal and endodermal. Therefore, the possibility of their transdifferentiation towards a neural lineage has been an aspect of active research. In the present study, MSCs were isolated from human placental tissue (P - MSC) and subjected them to neural differentiation. It was found that the P - MSCs differentiated towards neural lineage in appropriate differentiation conditions. However, when a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor - valproic acid (VPA) - was incorporated in the medium, there was a further increase in their neural differentiation potential. The increase in the number of neurites and neural lineage specific markers was notable. The VPA -treated cells showed a significantly elevated membrane potential compared with the cells grown in only differentiation medium. When the molecular mechanism was studied, the enhancement in the neuronal lineage specification was caused by the inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and an increase in BMP4 under both conditions. The target of VPA (HDAC2) was reduced in the VPA set, whereas HDAC1 remained unchanged. Concurrent reduction in the levels of Stat3 was observed, leading to an upregulation of βIII tubulin, which is a neuronal lineage-specific marker. The components of Notch signalling (i.e. decreased notch 1 and increased notch 3) also supported differentiation towards the neuronal lineage. Thus, the VPA treated P - MSCs can serve as an alternative source for deriving neural cells for use in both research and in clinics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
27781405	0	13	Valproic acid	T109,T121	C0042291
27781405	27	49	neural differentiation	T040	C2755962
27781405	53	58	human	T016	C0086418
27781405	59	67	placenta	T018	C0032043
27781405	77	99	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
27781405	100	108	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27781405	109	131	Mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
27781405	133	137	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27781405	176	183	markers	T201	C0005516
27781405	211	219	lineages	T077	C1881379
27781405	221	231	mesodermal	T029	C0521459
27781405	233	243	ectodermal	T029	C0521458
27781405	248	258	endodermal	UnknownType	C0521461
27781405	296	316	transdifferentiation	T043	C2610414
27781405	327	341	neural lineage	T077	C1881379
27781405	403	407	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27781405	413	421	isolated	T169	C0205409
27781405	427	449	human placental tissue	T024	C0694695
27781405	451	452	P	T024	C0694695
27781405	455	458	MSC	T025	C1257975
27781405	482	504	neural differentiation	T040	C2755962
27781405	528	529	P	T024	C0694695
27781405	532	536	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27781405	537	551	differentiated	T043	C3156550
27781405	560	574	neural lineage	T077	C1881379
27781405	590	605	differentiation	T169	C2945687
27781405	634	670	histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
27781405	673	686	valproic acid	T109,T121	C0042291
27781405	688	691	VPA	T109,T121	C0042291
27781405	719	725	medium	T130	C0010454
27781405	747	755	increase	T169	C0442805
27781405	765	797	neural differentiation potential	T040	C2755962
27781405	803	811	increase	T169	C0442805
27781405	829	837	neurites	T026	C0085103
27781405	842	873	neural lineage specific markers	T129	C0443981
27781405	891	894	VPA	T109,T121	C0042291
27781405	904	909	cells	T025	C1257975
27781405	919	960	significantly elevated membrane potential	T043	C1156296
27781405	979	1021	cells grown in only differentiation medium	T043	C0007589
27781405	1032	1041	molecular	T080	C1521991
27781405	1042	1051	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27781405	1088	1118	neuronal lineage specification	T043	C1658579
27781405	1137	1150	inhibition of	T043	C2244568
27781405	1151	1185	bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2	T116,T123	C0527443
27781405	1193	1201	increase	T169	C0442805
27781405	1205	1209	BMP4	T116,T123	C0530979
27781405	1247	1250	VPA	T109,T121	C0042291
27781405	1252	1257	HDAC2	T116,T126	C2713652
27781405	1278	1281	VPA	T109,T121	C0042291
27781405	1295	1300	HDAC1	T116,T126	C1334032
27781405	1332	1364	reduction in the levels of Stat3	T043	C1155515
27781405	1393	1421	upregulation of βIII tubulin	T044	C3894267
27781405	1434	1466	neuronal lineage-specific marker	T129	C0443981
27781405	1486	1502	Notch signalling	T044	C1155452
27781405	1509	1526	decreased notch 1	T044	C0949469
27781405	1531	1548	increased notch 3	T044	C0949479
27781405	1565	1580	differentiation	T040	C2755962
27781405	1593	1609	neuronal lineage	T043	C1658579
27781405	1621	1624	VPA	T109,T121	C0042291
27781405	1633	1634	P	T024	C0694695
27781405	1637	1641	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27781405	1690	1702	neural cells	T025	C0027882
27781405	1719	1727	research	T062	C0035168
27781405	1735	1742	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592

27782044|t|Normal Levels of Urinary CC16 Protein. Comments on Beamer et al. Association of Children's Urinary CC16 Levels with Arsenic Concentrations in Multiple Environmental Media. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 521
27782044|a|In 1937, Max Clara described a new type of cell in the human lung, which was later determined to be an exocrine secretory cell type containing granules composed of proteins [1].[...].
27782044	0	13	Normal Levels	T080	C0441889
27782044	17	24	Urinary	T031	C0042036
27782044	25	37	CC16 Protein	T116,T121	C1505089
27782044	39	76	Comments on Beamer et al. Association	T170	C0282574
27782044	80	90	Children's	T100	C0008059
27782044	91	98	Urinary	T031	C0042036
27782044	99	103	CC16	T116,T121	C1505089
27782044	104	110	Levels	T059	C0262923
27782044	116	138	Arsenic Concentrations	T059	C0373548
27782044	142	170	Multiple Environmental Media	T077	C1254372
27782044	231	240	Max Clara	T016	C0086418
27782044	265	269	cell	T025	C0007634
27782044	277	282	human	T016	C0086418
27782044	283	287	lung	T023	C0024109
27782044	325	373	exocrine secretory cell type containing granules	T026	C0230676
27782044	386	394	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684

27782129|t|Diverse Colletotrichum species cause anthracnose of tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) in China
27782129|a|Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum is one of the most severe diseases that can afflict Camellia sinensis. However, research on the diversity and geographical distribution of Colletotrichum in China remain limited. In this study, 106 Colletotrichum isolates were collected from diseased leaves of Ca. sinensis cultivated in the 15 main tea production provinces in China. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis coupled with morphological identification showed that the collected isolates belonged to 11 species, including 6 known species (C. camelliae, C. cliviae, C. fioriniae, C. fructicola, C. karstii, and C. siamense), 3 new record species (C. aenigma, C. endophytica, and C. truncatum), 1 novel species (C. wuxiense), and 1 indistinguishable strain, herein described as Colletotrichum sp. Of these species, C. camelliae and C. fructicola were the dominant species causing anthracnose in Ca. sinensis. In addition, our study provided further evidence that phylogenetic analysis using a combination of ApMat and GS sequences can be used to effectively resolve the taxonomic relationships within the C. gloeosporioides species complex. Finally, pathogenicity tests suggested that C. camelliae, C. aenigma, and C. endophytica are more invasive than other species after the inoculation of the leaves of Ca. sinensis.
27782129	8	30	Colletotrichum species	T004	C0320203
27782129	37	48	anthracnose	T047	C0032080
27782129	52	62	tea plants	T002	C0032098
27782129	64	96	Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze	T002	C0949852
27782129	101	106	China	T083	C0008115
27782129	107	118	Anthracnose	T047	C0032080
27782129	129	143	Colletotrichum	T004	C0320203
27782129	170	178	diseases	T047	C0032080
27782129	196	213	Camellia sinensis	T002	C0949852
27782129	224	232	research	T062	C0035168
27782129	240	249	diversity	T080	C1880371
27782129	254	279	geographical distribution	T079	C0681686
27782129	283	297	Colletotrichum	T004	C0320203
27782129	301	306	China	T083	C0008115
27782129	331	336	study	T062	C0681814
27782129	342	356	Colletotrichum	T004	C0320203
27782129	357	365	isolates	T123	C1764827
27782129	371	380	collected	T169	C1516698
27782129	386	394	diseased	T047	C0032080
27782129	395	401	leaves	T002	C0242724
27782129	405	417	Ca. sinensis	T002	C0949852
27782129	444	458	tea production	T090	C1518533
27782129	459	468	provinces	T083	C1514578
27782129	472	477	China	T083	C0008115
27782129	479	512	Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27782129	526	554	morphological identification	T059	C1294314
27782129	571	580	collected	T169	C1516698
27782129	581	589	isolates	T123	C1764827
27782129	605	612	species	T185	C1705920
27782129	632	639	species	T185	C1705920
27782129	641	653	C. camelliae	T004	C2642537
27782129	655	665	C. cliviae	T004	C2803492
27782129	667	679	C. fioriniae	T004	C2813833
27782129	681	694	C. fructicola	T004	C2804746
27782129	696	706	C. karstii	T004	C3397324
27782129	712	723	C. siamense	T004	C2804749
27782129	732	746	record species	T185	C1705920
27782129	748	758	C. aenigma	T004	C3584139
27782129	760	774	C. endophytica	T004	C3746379
27782129	780	792	C. truncatum	T004	C2790917
27782129	803	810	species	T185	C1705920
27782129	812	823	C. wuxiense	T004	C0016832
27782129	850	856	strain	T001	C1518614
27782129	878	896	Colletotrichum sp.	T004	C0320203
27782129	906	913	species	T185	C1705920
27782129	915	927	C. camelliae	T004	C2642537
27782129	932	945	C. fructicola	T004	C2804746
27782129	964	971	species	T185	C1705920
27782129	980	991	anthracnose	T047	C0032080
27782129	995	1007	Ca. sinensis	T002	C0949852
27782129	1026	1031	study	T062	C0681814
27782129	1049	1057	evidence	T078	C3887511
27782129	1063	1084	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27782129	1108	1130	ApMat and GS sequences	T086	C0162326
27782129	1170	1179	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
27782129	1180	1193	relationships	T080	C0439849
27782129	1205	1223	C. gloeosporioides	T004	C1531932
27782129	1224	1239	species complex	T185	C1705920
27782129	1250	1263	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
27782129	1264	1269	tests	T059	C0022885
27782129	1285	1297	C. camelliae	T004	C2642537
27782129	1299	1309	C. aenigma	T004	C3584139
27782129	1315	1329	C. endophytica	T004	C3746379
27782129	1339	1347	invasive	T080	C0205281
27782129	1359	1366	species	T185	C1705920
27782129	1377	1388	inoculation	T061	C2987620
27782129	1396	1402	leaves	T002	C0242724
27782129	1406	1418	Ca. sinensis	T002	C0949852

27782940|t|Effects of Obesity and Leptin Deficiency on Morphine Pharmacokinetics in a Mouse Model
27782940|a|Obesity causes multiorgan dysfunction, specifically metabolic abnormalities in the liver. Obese patients are opioid - sensitive and have high rates of respiratory complications after surgery. Obesity also has been shown to cause resistance to leptin, an adipose -derived hormone that is key in regulating hunger, metabolism, and respiratory stimulation. We hypothesized that obesity and leptin deficiency impair opioid pharmacokinetics (PK) independently of one another. Morphine PK were characterized in C57BL/6J wild-type (WT), diet-induced obese (DIO), and leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice, and in ob/ob mice given leptin-replacement (LR) therapy. WT mice received several dosing regimens of morphine. Obese mice (30 g) received one 80 mg/kg bolus of morphine. Blood was collected at fixed times after morphine injection for quantification of plasma morphine and morphine 3-glucuronide (M3G) levels. PK parameters used to evaluate morphine metabolism included area-under the curve (AUC150), maximal morphine concentration (CMAX), and M3G -to- morphine ratio, and drug elimination was determined by clearance (Cl/F), volume of distribution, and half-life (T1/2). PK parameters were compared between mouse groups by the use of 1-way analysis of variance, with P values less than .05 considered significant. DIO compared with WT mice had significantly decreased morphine metabolism with lower M3G -to- morphine ratio (mean difference [MD]: -4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -8.8 to -0.9) as well as a decreased Cl/F (MD: -4.0; 95% CI: -8.9 to -0.03) Ob/ob compared with WT mice had a large increase in morphine exposure with a greater AUC150 (MD: 980.4; 95% CI: 630.1-1330.6), CMAX (MD: 6.8; 95% CI: 2.7-10.9), and longer T1/2 (MD: 23.1; 95% CI: 10.5-35.6), as well as a decreased Cl/F (MD: -7.0; 95% CI: -11.6 to -2.7). Several PK parameters were significantly greater in ob/ob compared with DIO mice, including AUC150 (MD: 636.4; 95% CI: 207.4-1065.4), CMAX (MD: 5.3; 95% CI: 3.2-10.3), and T1/2 (MD: 18.3; 95% CI: 2.8-33.7). When leptin was replaced in ob/ob mice, PK parameters began to approach DIO and WT levels. LR compared with ob/ob mice had significant decreases in AUC150 (MD: -779.9; 95% CI: -1229.8 to -330), CMAX (MD: -6.1; 95% CI: -11.4 to -0.9), and T1/2 (MD: -19; 95% CI: -35.1 to -2.8). Metabolism increased with LR, with LR mice having a greater M3G -to- morphine ratio compared with DIO (MD: 5.3; 95% CI: 0.3-10.4). Systemic effects associated with obesity decrease morphine metabolism and excretion. A previous study from our laboratory demonstrated that obesity and leptin deficiency decrease the sensitivity of central respiratory control centers to carbon dioxide. Obesity and leptin deficiency substantially decreased morphine metabolism and clearance, and replacing leptin attenuated the PK changes associated with leptin deficiency, suggesting leptin has a direct role in morphine metabolism.
27782940	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27782940	11	18	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27782940	23	40	Leptin Deficiency	T047	C3554224
27782940	44	52	Morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	53	69	Pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27782940	75	86	Mouse Model	T050	C2986594
27782940	87	94	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27782940	95	101	causes	T169	C0015127
27782940	102	124	multiorgan dysfunction	T046	C0026766
27782940	139	162	metabolic abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27782940	170	175	liver	T023	C0023884
27782940	177	182	Obese	T047	C0028754
27782940	183	191	patients	T101	C0030705
27782940	196	202	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27782940	205	214	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27782940	229	234	rates	T081	C1521828
27782940	238	263	respiratory complications	T046	C0161818
27782940	270	277	surgery	T061	C0543467
27782940	279	286	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27782940	316	326	resistance	T169	C4281815
27782940	330	336	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
27782940	341	348	adipose	T024	C0001527
27782940	358	365	hormone	T125	C0019932
27782940	381	391	regulating	T038	C1327622
27782940	392	398	hunger	T184	C0020175
27782940	400	410	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27782940	416	427	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27782940	428	439	stimulation	T044	C0038337
27782940	462	469	obesity	T047	C0028754
27782940	474	491	leptin deficiency	T047	C3554224
27782940	499	505	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27782940	506	522	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27782940	524	526	PK	T039	C0031327
27782940	558	566	Morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	567	569	PK	T039	C0031327
27782940	575	588	characterized	T052	C1880022
27782940	592	600	C57BL/6J	T015	C1516103
27782940	601	610	wild-type	T015	C1520150
27782940	612	614	WT	T015	C1520150
27782940	617	641	diet-induced obese (DIO)	T015	C0025933
27782940	647	676	leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice	T015	C0025933
27782940	685	695	ob/ob mice	T015	C0025933
27782940	702	733	leptin-replacement (LR) therapy	T061	C0282402
27782940	735	742	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27782940	767	775	regimens	T170	C2945654
27782940	779	787	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	789	799	Obese mice	T015	C0025933
27782940	807	815	received	T080	C1514756
27782940	829	846	bolus of morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	848	853	Blood	T031	C0005767
27782940	858	867	collected	T078	C1516695
27782940	877	882	times	T081	C1632851
27782940	889	897	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	898	907	injection	T061	C0021485
27782940	912	926	quantification	T081	C1709793
27782940	930	936	plasma	T031	C0032105
27782940	937	945	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	950	978	morphine 3-glucuronide (M3G)	T109,T121	C0066815
27782940	979	985	levels	T080	C0441889
27782940	987	989	PK	T039	C0031327
27782940	990	1000	parameters	T033	C0449381
27782940	1009	1017	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27782940	1018	1026	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	1027	1037	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27782940	1047	1067	area-under the curve	T081	C0376690
27782940	1069	1075	AUC150	T081	C0376690
27782940	1086	1094	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	1095	1108	concentration	T081	C0678756
27782940	1110	1114	CMAX	T081	C2347813
27782940	1121	1124	M3G	T109,T121	C0066815
27782940	1130	1138	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	1139	1144	ratio	T081	C0456603
27782940	1150	1166	drug elimination	T040	C0683141
27782940	1185	1194	clearance	T201	C1382187
27782940	1196	1200	Cl/F	T201	C1382187
27782940	1203	1225	volume of distribution	T081	C0683148
27782940	1231	1240	half-life	T079	C0018517
27782940	1242	1246	T1/2	T079	C0018517
27782940	1249	1251	PK	T039	C0031327
27782940	1252	1262	parameters	T033	C0449381
27782940	1285	1290	mouse	T015	C0025929
27782940	1291	1297	groups	T078	C0441833
27782940	1312	1338	1-way analysis of variance	T081	C0002780
27782940	1345	1353	P values	T081	C0033204
27782940	1379	1390	significant	T078	C0750502
27782940	1392	1395	DIO	T015	C0025933
27782940	1410	1417	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27782940	1422	1435	significantly	T078	C0750502
27782940	1436	1445	decreased	T081	C0205216
27782940	1446	1454	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	1455	1465	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27782940	1477	1480	M3G	T109,T121	C0066815
27782940	1486	1494	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	1495	1500	ratio	T081	C0456603
27782940	1502	1517	mean difference	T081	C0444504
27782940	1519	1521	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	1534	1553	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27782940	1555	1557	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	1587	1596	decreased	T081	C0205216
27782940	1597	1601	Cl/F	T201	C1382187
27782940	1603	1605	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	1617	1619	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	1636	1641	Ob/ob	T015	C0025933
27782940	1656	1663	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27782940	1676	1684	increase	T169	C0442805
27782940	1688	1696	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	1697	1705	exposure	T080	C0332157
27782940	1721	1727	AUC150	T081	C0376690
27782940	1729	1731	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	1744	1746	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	1763	1767	CMAX	T081	C2347813
27782940	1769	1771	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	1782	1784	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	1808	1812	T1/2	T079	C0018517
27782940	1814	1816	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	1828	1830	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	1857	1866	decreased	T081	C0205216
27782940	1867	1871	Cl/F	T201	C1382187
27782940	1873	1875	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	1887	1889	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	1915	1917	PK	T039	C0031327
27782940	1918	1928	parameters	T033	C0449381
27782940	1934	1947	significantly	T078	C0750502
27782940	1959	1964	ob/ob	T015	C0025933
27782940	1979	1987	DIO mice	T015	C0025933
27782940	1999	2005	AUC150	T081	C0376690
27782940	2007	2009	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	2022	2024	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	2041	2045	CMAX	T081	C2347813
27782940	2047	2049	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	2060	2062	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	2079	2083	T1/2	T079	C0018517
27782940	2085	2087	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	2099	2101	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	2119	2125	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
27782940	2142	2152	ob/ob mice	T015	C0025933
27782940	2154	2156	PK	T039	C0031327
27782940	2157	2167	parameters	T033	C0449381
27782940	2186	2189	DIO	T015	C0025933
27782940	2194	2196	WT	T015	C1520150
27782940	2197	2203	levels	T080	C0441889
27782940	2205	2207	LR	T061	C0282402
27782940	2222	2227	ob/ob	T015	C0025933
27782940	2228	2232	mice	T015	C0025933
27782940	2237	2248	significant	T078	C0750502
27782940	2249	2258	decreases	T081	C0547047
27782940	2262	2268	AUC150	T081	C0376690
27782940	2270	2272	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	2286	2288	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	2308	2312	CMAX	T081	C2347813
27782940	2314	2316	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	2328	2330	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	2352	2356	T1/2	T079	C0018517
27782940	2358	2360	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	2371	2373	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	2391	2401	Metabolism	T040	C0025519
27782940	2402	2411	increased	T081	C0205217
27782940	2417	2419	LR	T061	C0282402
27782940	2426	2433	LR mice	T015	C0025929
27782940	2451	2454	M3G	T109,T121	C0066815
27782940	2460	2468	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	2469	2474	ratio	T081	C0456603
27782940	2489	2492	DIO	T015	C0025933
27782940	2494	2496	MD	T081	C0444504
27782940	2507	2509	CI	T081	C0009667
27782940	2522	2538	Systemic effects	UnknownType	C0678788
27782940	2539	2554	associated with	T080	C0332281
27782940	2555	2562	obesity	T047	C0028754
27782940	2563	2571	decrease	T081	C0547047
27782940	2572	2580	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	2581	2591	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27782940	2596	2605	excretion	T039	C0221102
27782940	2633	2643	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27782940	2662	2669	obesity	T047	C0028754
27782940	2674	2691	leptin deficiency	T047	C3554224
27782940	2692	2700	decrease	T081	C0547047
27782940	2705	2716	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27782940	2720	2755	central respiratory control centers	T022	C0460002
27782940	2759	2773	carbon dioxide	T123,T197	C0007012
27782940	2775	2782	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27782940	2787	2804	leptin deficiency	T047	C3554224
27782940	2819	2828	decreased	T081	C0205216
27782940	2829	2837	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	2838	2848	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27782940	2853	2862	clearance	T201	C1382187
27782940	2868	2877	replacing	T169	C1299987
27782940	2878	2884	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
27782940	2885	2895	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27782940	2900	2902	PK	T039	C0031327
27782940	2911	2926	associated with	T080	C0332281
27782940	2927	2944	leptin deficiency	T047	C3554224
27782940	2957	2963	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
27782940	2977	2981	role	T077	C1705810
27782940	2985	2993	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27782940	2994	3004	metabolism	T040	C0025519

27783097|t|Breast cancer cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells: a regulated modulation of the breast tumor in the context of immune response
27783097|a|The role of direct cell-cell interactions mediating selective bone metastasis by breast cancer cells (BCCs) niche is still mostly unknown. Conditioned medium and direct cell-cell contacts experiments were used to investigate the effect of bone marrow -derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), osteoprogenitor-like cells (MG-63) and osteosarcoma cells (SaOS-2) on luminal-like (MCF-7) and basal-like (MDA-MB-231) BCCs flow cytometry was used to assess the purity of isolated BCCs and osteoblasts. Expression of osteoblastic markers was investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RANKL and OPG levels were measured by ELISA. Conditioned medium from MSCs and osteoblasts induced the expression of osteoblastic markers in BCCs. While co-culture assays with SaOS-2 increased the expression of osteoblastic markers in MCF-7 cells, SaOS-2 cell conditioned medium increased the expression of RANKL, PTHrP, VEGF and NOGGIN in MCF-7 cells. Co-cultures with either MG-63 cells or MSCs induced OPG and MMP-2 in both tumor cell lines. Interestingly, conditioned medium from co-cultures of MSCs and MDA-MB-231 cells significantly decreased the proliferation of activated T lymphocytes which was reversed by addition of anti-OPG antibodies to the co-cultures. Our data suggest that MSCs strongly contribute to the adaptation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells in skeletal tissues.
27783097	0	19	Breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27783097	24	35	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27783097	36	61	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27783097	93	105	breast tumor	T191	C1458155
27783097	113	120	context	T078	C0449255
27783097	124	139	immune response	T042	C0301872
27783097	159	181	cell-cell interactions	T043	C0007582
27783097	202	206	bone	T024	C0391978
27783097	207	217	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27783097	221	240	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27783097	242	246	BCCs	T025	C1512505
27783097	279	297	Conditioned medium	T130	C0162518
27783097	309	327	cell-cell contacts	T043	C0007582
27783097	353	364	investigate	T169	C1292732
27783097	369	375	effect	T080	C1280500
27783097	379	390	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27783097	400	425	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27783097	427	431	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27783097	434	460	osteoprogenitor-like cells	T025	C0007634
27783097	462	467	MG-63	T025	C0007634
27783097	473	491	osteosarcoma cells	T025	C0007634
27783097	493	499	SaOS-2	T025	C0007634
27783097	504	516	luminal-like	T025	C0007634
27783097	518	523	MCF-7	T025	C0007634
27783097	529	539	basal-like	T025	C0596155
27783097	541	551	MDA-MB-231	T025	C0596155
27783097	553	557	BCCs	T025	C1512505
27783097	558	572	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27783097	585	591	assess	T058	C0184514
27783097	596	602	purity	T081	C1882508
27783097	606	614	isolated	T169	C0205409
27783097	615	619	BCCs	T025	C1512505
27783097	624	635	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27783097	637	647	Expression	T045	C1171362
27783097	651	663	osteoblastic	T025	C0029418
27783097	664	671	markers	T201	C0005516
27783097	676	688	investigated	T169	C1292732
27783097	692	709	semi-quantitative	T081	C0522525
27783097	710	716	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27783097	718	723	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27783097	728	731	OPG	T116,T192	C0538161
27783097	732	738	levels	T080	C0441889
27783097	744	752	measured	T080	C0444706
27783097	756	761	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27783097	763	781	Conditioned medium	T130	C0162518
27783097	787	791	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27783097	796	807	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27783097	820	830	expression	T045	C1171362
27783097	834	846	osteoblastic	T025	C0029418
27783097	847	854	markers	T201	C0005516
27783097	858	862	BCCs	T025	C1512505
27783097	870	880	co-culture	T059	C0282547
27783097	881	887	assays	T059	C1510438
27783097	893	899	SaOS-2	T025	C0007634
27783097	900	909	increased	T081	C0205217
27783097	914	924	expression	T045	C1171362
27783097	928	940	osteoblastic	T025	C0029418
27783097	941	948	markers	T201	C0005516
27783097	952	963	MCF-7 cells	T025	C0007634
27783097	965	976	SaOS-2 cell	T025	C0007634
27783097	977	995	conditioned medium	T130	C0162518
27783097	996	1005	increased	T081	C0205217
27783097	1010	1020	expression	T045	C1171362
27783097	1024	1029	RANKL	T116,T123	C0666364
27783097	1031	1036	PTHrP	T116,T125	C0070099
27783097	1038	1042	VEGF	T116,T123	C0078058
27783097	1047	1053	NOGGIN	T116,T123	C4084599
27783097	1057	1068	MCF-7 cells	T025	C0007634
27783097	1070	1081	Co-cultures	T059	C0282547
27783097	1094	1105	MG-63 cells	T025	C0007634
27783097	1109	1113	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27783097	1114	1121	induced	T169	C0205263
27783097	1122	1125	OPG	T116,T192	C0538161
27783097	1130	1135	MMP-2	T116,T126	C0623362
27783097	1144	1160	tumor cell lines	T025	C0085983
27783097	1177	1195	conditioned medium	T130	C0162518
27783097	1201	1212	co-cultures	T059	C0282547
27783097	1216	1220	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27783097	1225	1241	MDA-MB-231 cells	T025	C0596155
27783097	1242	1265	significantly decreased	T081	C4055638
27783097	1270	1283	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27783097	1287	1310	activated T lymphocytes	T025	C2737322
27783097	1345	1364	anti-OPG antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27783097	1372	1383	co-cultures	T059	C0282547
27783097	1389	1393	data	T078	C1511726
27783097	1394	1401	suggest	T078	C1705535
27783097	1407	1411	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27783097	1421	1431	contribute	T052	C1880177
27783097	1439	1449	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27783097	1454	1466	invasiveness	T080	C1301757
27783097	1470	1489	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27783097	1493	1509	skeletal tissues	T024	C0586827

27783350|t|Knee joint kinematics with dynamic augmentation of primary anterior cruciate ligament repair - a biomechanical study
27783350|a|Dynamic augmentation of anterior cruciate ligament tears seems to reduce anteroposterior knee translation close to the pre - injury level. The aim of the present study is to biomechanically investigate the course of translation during a simulated early post-operative phase. It is hypothesized that anteroposterior translation is maintained at the immediate post-operative level over a simulated rehabilitation period of 50'000 gait cycles. Eight fresh - frozen human cadaveric knee joints from donors with a mean age of 35.5 (range 25-40) years were subjected to 50'000 cycles of 0°-70°-0° flexion-extension movements in a custom-made test setup. Anteroposterior translation was assessed with simulated Lachman/KT-1000 testing in 0°, 15°, 30°, 60° and 90° of flexion in knee joints treated with the novel technique initially and after 50'000 cycles testing. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The level of significance was set at p = 0.05. Anteroposterior translation changed non - significantly for all flexion angles between cycle 0 and 50'000 (p = 0.39 to p = 0.89), except for 30° flexion, where a significant increase by 1.4 mm was found (p = 0.03). Increase in anteroposterior translation of knees treated with this dynamic augmentation procedure is low. The procedure maintains translation close to the immediate post-operative level over a simulated rehabilitation period of 50'000 gait cycles and therefore supports anterior cruciate ligament repair during biological healing.
27783350	0	10	Knee joint	T030	C0022745
27783350	11	21	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27783350	27	34	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27783350	35	47	augmentation	T061	C1293122
27783350	51	92	primary anterior cruciate ligament repair	T061	C2091900
27783350	97	110	biomechanical	T070	C3658372
27783350	111	116	study	T062	C2603343
27783350	117	124	Dynamic	T169	C0729333
27783350	125	137	augmentation	T061	C1293122
27783350	141	173	anterior cruciate ligament tears	T037	C0409312
27783350	183	189	reduce	T080	C0392756
27783350	190	205	anteroposterior	T082	C2827723
27783350	206	222	knee translation	T033	C0576094
27783350	236	239	pre	T079	C0332152
27783350	242	248	injury	T037	C0022744
27783350	249	254	level	T080	C0441889
27783350	260	263	aim	T078	C1947946
27783350	279	284	study	T062	C2603343
27783350	291	306	biomechanically	T070	C3658372
27783350	307	318	investigate	T169	C1292732
27783350	323	329	course	T079	C0750729
27783350	333	344	translation	T033	C0576094
27783350	354	363	simulated	T062	C0679083
27783350	370	390	post-operative phase	T079	C0032790
27783350	398	410	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
27783350	416	431	anteroposterior	T082	C2827723
27783350	432	443	translation	T033	C0576094
27783350	447	457	maintained	T169	C1314677
27783350	465	474	immediate	T079	C0205253
27783350	475	489	post-operative	T033	C0241311
27783350	490	495	level	T080	C0441889
27783350	503	512	simulated	T062	C0679083
27783350	513	527	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27783350	528	534	period	T079	C1948053
27783350	545	549	gait	T061	C0085673
27783350	550	556	cycles	T079	C1511572
27783350	564	569	fresh	T080	C0443224
27783350	572	578	frozen	T080	C1548793
27783350	579	584	human	T016	C0086418
27783350	585	594	cadaveric	T017	C0006629
27783350	595	606	knee joints	T030	C0022745
27783350	612	618	donors	T098	C0013018
27783350	626	630	mean	T081	C0444504
27783350	631	634	age	T032	C0001779
27783350	668	677	subjected	T169	C1550501
27783350	708	725	flexion-extension	T082	C0444509
27783350	726	735	movements	T040	C0026649
27783350	741	752	custom-made	T052	C1880202
27783350	753	763	test setup	T059	C0022885
27783350	765	780	Anteroposterior	T082	C2827723
27783350	781	792	translation	T033	C0576094
27783350	797	805	assessed	T052	C1516048
27783350	811	820	simulated	T062	C0679083
27783350	821	844	Lachman/KT-1000 testing	T060	C3669150
27783350	877	884	flexion	T042	C0231452
27783350	888	899	knee joints	T030	C0022745
27783350	900	912	treated with	T061	C0332293
27783350	923	932	technique	T169	C0449851
27783350	960	966	cycles	T079	C1511572
27783350	967	974	testing	T169	C0039593
27783350	976	996	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27783350	1021	1046	Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test	T170	C0871608
27783350	1052	1057	level	T080	C0441889
27783350	1061	1073	significance	T081	C0237881
27783350	1095	1110	Anteroposterior	T082	C2827723
27783350	1111	1122	translation	T033	C0576094
27783350	1131	1134	non	T033	C1513916
27783350	1137	1150	significantly	T078	C0750502
27783350	1159	1166	flexion	T042	C0231452
27783350	1167	1173	angles	T082	C0205143
27783350	1182	1187	cycle	T079	C1511572
27783350	1240	1247	flexion	T042	C0231452
27783350	1257	1268	significant	T078	C0750502
27783350	1269	1277	increase	T169	C0442805
27783350	1310	1318	Increase	T169	C0442805
27783350	1322	1337	anteroposterior	T082	C2827723
27783350	1338	1358	translation of knees	T033	C0576094
27783350	1359	1371	treated with	T061	C0332293
27783350	1377	1384	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27783350	1385	1407	augmentation procedure	T061	C1293122
27783350	1411	1414	low	T080	C0205251
27783350	1420	1429	procedure	T169	C2700391
27783350	1430	1439	maintains	T169	C1314677
27783350	1440	1451	translation	T033	C0576094
27783350	1465	1474	immediate	T079	C0205253
27783350	1475	1489	post-operative	T033	C0241311
27783350	1490	1495	level	T080	C0441889
27783350	1503	1512	simulated	T062	C0679083
27783350	1513	1527	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27783350	1528	1534	period	T079	C1948053
27783350	1545	1549	gait	T061	C0085673
27783350	1550	1556	cycles	T079	C1511572
27783350	1571	1579	supports	T077	C1521721
27783350	1580	1613	anterior cruciate ligament repair	T061	C2091900
27783350	1621	1639	biological healing	UnknownType	C0678688

27783838|t|Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon After Plate Fixation
27783838|a|Rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon is a major complication after volar locking plate fixation of distal radius fracture. This study used ultrasonography to assess the flexor pollicis longus tendon and intermediate tissue. The study assessed 27 patients (28 wrists) who underwent removal of the volar locking plate. Before plate removal, radiography and ultrasonography were performed to assess the relation between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the volar locking plate. Intraoperatively, the authors evaluated the intermediate tissues between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the distal volar margin of the plate. Preoperative and intraoperative findings were compared. Intraoperative findings were strongly related to the distance between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the volar locking plate on ultrasonography. The sensitivity of ultrasonography in detecting thin, membrane-like intermediate tissue through which the plate was visible was 95%, and the specificity was 89% if the distance between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the plate was less than 0.7 mm. Compression of the flexor pollicis longus tendon was seen in 11 cases (39.3%), and this finding suggested the presence of thin, membrane-like intermediate tissue. The study results showed that ultrasonography could be used to identify the type of intermediate tissue between the flexor pollicis longus tendon and the volar locking plate. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(1):e104-e108.].
27783838	0	27	Ultrasonographic Assessment	T060	C2315191
27783838	35	64	Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon	T023	C0224887
27783838	71	85	Plate Fixation	T061	C0407295
27783838	86	130	Rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon	T037	C0580001
27783838	161	166	volar	T029	C0443349
27783838	167	189	locking plate fixation	T061	C0407295
27783838	193	215	distal radius fracture	T037	C0435585
27783838	233	248	ultrasonography	T060	C2315191
27783838	263	292	flexor pollicis longus tendon	T023	C0224887
27783838	297	316	intermediate tissue	T024	C0009780
27783838	340	348	patients	T101	C0030705
27783838	353	359	wrists	T029	C0043262
27783838	375	409	removal of the volar locking plate	T061	C0408173
27783838	418	431	plate removal	T061	C0408173
27783838	433	444	radiography	T060	C0845955
27783838	449	464	ultrasonography	T060	C2315191
27783838	515	544	flexor pollicis longus tendon	T023	C0224887
27783838	553	572	volar locking plate	T023	C1720969
27783838	574	590	Intraoperatively	T079	C0021891
27783838	618	638	intermediate tissues	T024	C0009780
27783838	651	680	flexor pollicis longus tendon	T023	C0224887
27783838	696	701	volar	T029	C0443349
27783838	716	721	plate	T023	C1720969
27783838	723	735	Preoperative	T033	C0178808
27783838	740	763	intraoperative findings	T033	C0231286
27783838	779	802	Intraoperative findings	T033	C0231286
27783838	853	882	flexor pollicis longus tendon	T023	C0224887
27783838	891	910	volar locking plate	T023	C1720969
27783838	914	929	ultrasonography	T060	C2315191
27783838	935	946	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27783838	950	965	ultrasonography	T060	C2315191
27783838	999	1018	intermediate tissue	T024	C0009780
27783838	1037	1042	plate	T023	C1720969
27783838	1072	1083	specificity	T081	C1511884
27783838	1120	1149	flexor pollicis longus tendon	T023	C0224887
27783838	1158	1163	plate	T023	C1720969
27783838	1205	1234	flexor pollicis longus tendon	T023	C0224887
27783838	1328	1347	intermediate tissue	T024	C0009780
27783838	1379	1394	ultrasonography	T060	C2315191
27783838	1433	1452	intermediate tissue	T024	C0009780
27783838	1465	1494	flexor pollicis longus tendon	T023	C0224887
27783838	1503	1522	volar locking plate	T023	C1720969

27784172|t|Tzumin A and B, two new lignan derivatives from the barks of Sassafras tzumu
27784172|a|Two new lignan compounds, 5'-allyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-5-carboxylic acid (1) and 4,4'-diallyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-diol (2), together with four known compounds (3-6), were isolated from the barks of Sassafras tzumu. The new compounds were determined by NMR ((1)H and (13)C NMR, HSQC, HMBC, (1)H-(1)H COSY, NOESY / ROESY), and MS analysis. Compounds 1-3 showed potent AChE inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 2.00, 1.81 and 1.91 μM, respectively.
27784172	0	8	Tzumin A	T109	C0064971
27784172	13	14	B	T109	C0064971
27784172	24	30	lignan	T109	C0064971
27784172	31	42	derivatives	T104	C0243072
27784172	52	57	barks	T002	C0949119
27784172	61	76	Sassafras tzumu	T002	C1062063
27784172	85	101	lignan compounds	T109	C0064971
27784172	103	160	5'-allyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-5-carboxylic acid	T109	C0064971
27784172	169	207	4,4'-diallyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2,2'-diol	T109,T121	C3849966
27784172	238	247	compounds	T103	C1706082
27784172	260	268	isolated	T169	C0205409
27784172	278	283	barks	T002	C0949119
27784172	287	302	Sassafras tzumu	T002	C1062063
27784172	312	321	compounds	T103	C1706082
27784172	327	340	determined by	T080	C0521095
27784172	341	350	NMR ((1)H	T060	C3850001
27784172	355	364	(13)C NMR	T060	C3850003
27784172	366	370	HSQC	T059	C0037812
27784172	372	376	HMBC	T059	C0037812
27784172	378	392	(1)H-(1)H COSY	T060	C0599863
27784172	394	399	NOESY	T060	C0599864
27784172	402	407	ROESY	T060	C0599865
27784172	414	416	MS	T059	C0037813
27784172	417	425	analysis	T062	C0936012
27784172	427	436	Compounds	T103	C1706082
27784172	455	459	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
27784172	460	481	inhibitory activities	T039	C1524081
27784172	488	492	IC50	T081	C0600495

27784277|t|Air pollution, neighbourhood and maternal - level factors modify the effect of smoking on birth weight: a multilevel analysis in British Columbia, Canada
27784277|a|Maternal smoking during pregnancy negatively impacts fetal growth, but the effect is not homogenous across the population. We sought to determine how the relationship between cigarette use and fetal growth is modified by the social and physical environment. Birth records with covariates were obtained from the BC Perinatal Database Registry (N = 232,291). Maternal smoking status was self-reported as the number of cigarettes smoked per day usually at the first prenatal care visit. Census dissemination areas (DAs) were used as neighbourhood - level units and linked to individual births using residential postal codes to assign exposure to particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and neighbourhood - level attributes such as socioeconomic status (SES), proportion of post-secondary education, immigrant density and living in a rural place. Random coefficient models were used with cigarettes /day modeled with a random slope to estimate its between- DA variability and test cross-level interactions with the neighbourhood - level variables on continuous birth weight. A significant negative and non-linear association was found between maternal smoking and birth weight. There was significant between- DA intercept variability in birth weight as well as between- DA slope variability of maternal smoking on birth weight of which 68 and 30 % respectively was explained with the inclusion of DA - level variables and their cross-level interactions. High DA - level SES had a strong positive association with birth weight but the effect was moderated with increased cigarettes /day. Conversely, heavy smokers showed the largest increases in birth weight with rising neighbourhood education levels. Increased levels of PM2.5 and immigrant density were negatively associated with birth weight, but showed positive interactions with increased levels of smoking. Older maternal age and suspected drug or alcohol use both had negative interactions with increased levels of maternal smoking. Maternal smoking had a negative and non-linear dose-response association with birth weight which was highly variable between neighbourhood s and evidence of effect modification with neighbourhood - level factors. These results suggest that focusing exclusively on individual behaviours may have limited success in improving outcomes without addressing the contextual influences at the neighbourhood - level. Further studies are needed to corroborate our findings and to understand how neighbourhood - level attributes interact with smoking to affect birth outcomes.
27784277	0	13	Air pollution	T069	C0001873
27784277	15	28	neighbourhood	T082	C1254362
27784277	33	41	maternal	T033	C1858460
27784277	44	49	level	T080	C0441889
27784277	50	57	factors	T169	C1521761
27784277	58	64	modify	T169	C3242344
27784277	69	75	effect	T080	C1280500
27784277	79	86	smoking	T055	C0037369
27784277	90	102	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27784277	106	125	multilevel analysis	T062	C0814909
27784277	129	145	British Columbia	T083	C0006193
27784277	147	153	Canada	T083	C0006823
27784277	154	162	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27784277	163	170	smoking	T055	C0037369
27784277	178	187	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27784277	188	198	negatively	T033	C0205160
27784277	199	206	impacts	T080	C4049986
27784277	207	219	fetal growth	T039	C0743925
27784277	229	235	effect	T080	C1280500
27784277	243	253	homogenous	T082	C0439713
27784277	265	275	population	T081	C0032659
27784277	308	320	relationship	T080	C0439849
27784277	329	342	cigarette use	T055	C0694535
27784277	347	359	fetal growth	T039	C0743925
27784277	363	371	modified	T033	C3840684
27784277	379	385	social	T078	C0037414
27784277	390	410	physical environment	T082	C0557720
27784277	412	425	Birth records	T073	C0005609
27784277	465	495	BC Perinatal Database Registry	T170	C0242356
27784277	511	519	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27784277	520	534	smoking status	T201	C1519386
27784277	539	552	self-reported	T062	C0681906
27784277	560	566	number	T081	C0449788
27784277	570	580	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
27784277	581	587	smoked	T055	C0037369
27784277	588	595	per day	T079	C0439505
27784277	611	636	first prenatal care visit	T061	C1504204
27784277	638	644	Census	T081	C0007663
27784277	645	658	dissemination	T082	C0205221
27784277	659	664	areas	T083	C0017446
27784277	666	669	DAs	T083	C0017446
27784277	684	697	neighbourhood	T082	C1254362
27784277	700	705	level	T080	C0441889
27784277	706	711	units	T081	C0439148
27784277	726	736	individual	T098	C0237401
27784277	737	743	births	T040	C0005615
27784277	750	774	residential postal codes	T078	C1552677
27784277	778	784	assign	T169	C1516050
27784277	785	796	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27784277	797	808	particulate	T131	C1510837
27784277	809	822	air pollution	T069	C0001873
27784277	835	848	neighbourhood	T082	C1254362
27784277	851	856	level	T080	C0441889
27784277	857	867	attributes	T078	C0449234
27784277	876	896	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
27784277	898	901	SES	T080	C0086996
27784277	904	914	proportion	T081	C1709707
27784277	918	942	post-secondary education	T170	C0683860
27784277	944	953	immigrant	T098	C0282163
27784277	954	961	density	T081	C0178587
27784277	966	972	living	UnknownType	C0023913
27784277	978	989	rural place	T082	C0178837
27784277	991	997	Random	T080	C0439605
27784277	998	1009	coefficient	T081	C1707429
27784277	1010	1016	models	T170	C3161035
27784277	1032	1042	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
27784277	1043	1047	/day	T079	C0439505
27784277	1048	1055	modeled	T170	C3161035
27784277	1063	1069	random	T080	C0439605
27784277	1070	1075	slope	T081	C0807955
27784277	1079	1087	estimate	T081	C0750572
27784277	1101	1103	DA	T083	C0017446
27784277	1104	1115	variability	T077	C2827666
27784277	1120	1124	test	T169	C0039593
27784277	1125	1136	cross-level	T080	C0441889
27784277	1137	1149	interactions	T169	C1704675
27784277	1159	1172	neighbourhood	T082	C1254362
27784277	1175	1180	level	T080	C0441889
27784277	1181	1190	variables	T080	C0439828
27784277	1194	1204	continuous	T078	C0549178
27784277	1205	1217	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27784277	1221	1232	significant	T078	C0750502
27784277	1233	1241	negative	T033	C0205160
27784277	1257	1268	association	T080	C0439849
27784277	1287	1295	maternal	T033	C1858460
27784277	1296	1303	smoking	T055	C0037369
27784277	1308	1320	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27784277	1332	1343	significant	T078	C0750502
27784277	1353	1355	DA	T083	C0017446
27784277	1356	1365	intercept	T081	C3146232
27784277	1366	1377	variability	T077	C2827666
27784277	1381	1393	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27784277	1414	1416	DA	T083	C0017446
27784277	1417	1422	slope	T081	C0807955
27784277	1423	1434	variability	T077	C2827666
27784277	1438	1446	maternal	T033	C1858460
27784277	1447	1454	smoking	T055	C0037369
27784277	1458	1470	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27784277	1528	1537	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27784277	1541	1543	DA	T083	C0017446
27784277	1546	1551	level	T080	C0441889
27784277	1552	1561	variables	T080	C0439828
27784277	1572	1583	cross-level	T080	C0441889
27784277	1584	1596	interactions	T169	C1704675
27784277	1598	1602	High	T080	C0205250
27784277	1603	1605	DA	T083	C0017446
27784277	1608	1613	level	T080	C0441889
27784277	1614	1617	SES	T080	C0086996
27784277	1624	1630	strong	T080	C0442821
27784277	1631	1639	positive	T033	C1446409
27784277	1640	1651	association	T080	C0439849
27784277	1657	1669	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27784277	1678	1684	effect	T080	C1280500
27784277	1689	1698	moderated	T080	C1881878
27784277	1704	1713	increased	T169	C0442805
27784277	1714	1724	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
27784277	1725	1729	/day	T079	C0439505
27784277	1743	1756	heavy smokers	T033	C0459847
27784277	1768	1775	largest	T081	C0443228
27784277	1776	1785	increases	T169	C0442805
27784277	1789	1801	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27784277	1807	1813	rising	T169	C0442805
27784277	1814	1827	neighbourhood	T082	C1254362
27784277	1828	1844	education levels	T033	C1553770
27784277	1846	1855	Increased	T169	C0442805
27784277	1856	1862	levels	T080	C0441889
27784277	1866	1871	PM2.5	T131	C1510837
27784277	1876	1885	immigrant	T098	C0282163
27784277	1886	1893	density	T081	C0178587
27784277	1899	1909	negatively	T033	C0205160
27784277	1910	1925	associated with	T080	C0332281
27784277	1926	1938	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27784277	1951	1959	positive	T033	C1446409
27784277	1960	1972	interactions	T169	C1704675
27784277	1978	1987	increased	T169	C0442805
27784277	1988	1994	levels	T080	C0441889
27784277	1998	2005	smoking	T055	C0037369
27784277	2013	2025	maternal age	T079	C0024915
27784277	2030	2039	suspected	T078	C0750491
27784277	2040	2044	drug	T048	C0242510
27784277	2048	2059	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27784277	2069	2077	negative	T033	C0205160
27784277	2078	2090	interactions	T169	C1704675
27784277	2096	2105	increased	T169	C0442805
27784277	2106	2112	levels	T080	C0441889
27784277	2116	2124	maternal	T033	C1858460
27784277	2125	2132	smoking	T055	C0037369
27784277	2134	2142	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27784277	2143	2150	smoking	T055	C0037369
27784277	2157	2165	negative	T033	C0205160
27784277	2181	2206	dose-response association	T038	C0678790
27784277	2212	2224	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27784277	2235	2241	highly	T080	C0205250
27784277	2242	2250	variable	T080	C0439828
27784277	2259	2272	neighbourhood	T082	C1254362
27784277	2279	2287	evidence	T078	C3887511
27784277	2291	2297	effect	T080	C1280500
27784277	2298	2310	modification	T033	C3840684
27784277	2316	2329	neighbourhood	T082	C1254362
27784277	2332	2337	level	T080	C0441889
27784277	2338	2345	factors	T169	C1521761
27784277	2353	2360	results	T169	C1274040
27784277	2361	2368	suggest	T078	C1705535
27784277	2398	2408	individual	T098	C0237401
27784277	2409	2419	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27784277	2429	2436	limited	T169	C0439801
27784277	2437	2444	success	T054	C0597535
27784277	2448	2457	improving	T080	C1272745
27784277	2458	2466	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27784277	2467	2474	without	T080	C0332288
27784277	2490	2500	contextual	T041	C0237482
27784277	2501	2511	influences	T077	C4054723
27784277	2519	2532	neighbourhood	T082	C1254362
27784277	2535	2540	level	T080	C0441889
27784277	2550	2557	studies	T062	C2603343
27784277	2572	2583	corroborate	T080	C1456348
27784277	2588	2596	findings	T033	C0243095
27784277	2604	2614	understand	T041	C0162340
27784277	2619	2632	neighbourhood	T082	C1254362
27784277	2635	2640	level	T080	C0441889
27784277	2641	2651	attributes	T078	C0449234
27784277	2652	2660	interact	T169	C1704675
27784277	2666	2673	smoking	T055	C0037369
27784277	2677	2683	affect	T041	C0001721
27784277	2684	2698	birth outcomes	T201	C1286282

27784873|t|ATP release from bladder urothelium and serosa in a rat model of partial bladder outlet obstruction
27784873|a|Overactive bladder is one of the major health problem especially in elderly people. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is released from urinary bladder cells and acts as a smooth muscle contraction and sensory signal in micturition but little is known about the role of ATP release in the pathophysiology of overactive bladder. To assess the relationship between ATP and overactive bladder, we used a partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) model in rats. The bladder caused several changes by pBOO: An increase in bladder weight, hypertrophy of sub-urothelium and sub-serosal area, and frequent non - voiding bladder contraction during urine storage. Basal ATP release from urothelium and serosa of pBOO rats was significantly higher than that of normal rats. Distention induced ATP release from urothelium of normal and pBOO rats had no significant change. However, distention - induced ATP release from serosa of pBOO rats was higher than that of normal. These findings may identify ATP especially released from serosa as one of causes of non - voiding contractions and overactive bladder symptoms.
27784873	0	3	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27784873	4	11	release	T169	C1283071
27784873	17	35	bladder urothelium	T024	C0227692
27784873	40	46	serosa	T024	C0036760
27784873	56	61	model	T050	C0012644
27784873	65	99	partial bladder outlet obstruction	T047	C0005694
27784873	100	118	Overactive bladder	T047	C0878773
27784873	139	153	health problem	T033	C0243095
27784873	168	182	elderly people	T098	C0001792
27784873	184	206	Adenosine triphosphate	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27784873	208	211	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27784873	216	224	released	T169	C1283071
27784873	230	251	urinary bladder cells	T025	C0227599
27784873	266	291	smooth muscle contraction	T042	C1155937
27784873	296	310	sensory signal	T041	C0597440
27784873	314	325	micturition	T040	C0042034
27784873	364	367	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27784873	383	398	pathophysiology	T046	C0277785
27784873	402	420	overactive bladder	T047	C0878773
27784873	457	460	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27784873	465	483	overactive bladder	T047	C0878773
27784873	495	529	partial bladder outlet obstruction	T047	C0005694
27784873	531	535	pBOO	T047	C0005694
27784873	537	542	model	T050	C0012644
27784873	546	550	rats	T015	C0034693
27784873	556	563	bladder	T023	C0005682
27784873	590	594	pBOO	T047	C0005694
27784873	599	607	increase	T169	C0442805
27784873	611	618	bladder	T023	C0005682
27784873	619	625	weight	T081	C0043100
27784873	627	638	hypertrophy	T046	C0020564
27784873	642	656	sub-urothelium	T024	C0227598
27784873	661	677	sub-serosal area	T024	C0036760
27784873	692	695	non	T169	C1518422
27784873	698	725	voiding bladder contraction	T042	C0232850
27784873	733	738	urine	T031	C0042036
27784873	748	753	Basal	T082	C0205112
27784873	754	757	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27784873	771	781	urothelium	T024	C0227692
27784873	786	792	serosa	T024	C0036760
27784873	796	800	pBOO	T047	C0005694
27784873	801	805	rats	T015	C0034693
27784873	851	855	rats	T015	C0034693
27784873	857	867	Distention	T033	C0005687
27784873	876	879	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27784873	880	887	release	T169	C1283071
27784873	893	903	urothelium	T024	C0227692
27784873	918	922	pBOO	T047	C0005694
27784873	923	927	rats	T015	C0034693
27784873	964	974	distention	T033	C0005687
27784873	977	984	induced	T169	C0205263
27784873	985	988	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27784873	989	996	release	T169	C1283071
27784873	1002	1008	serosa	T024	C0036760
27784873	1012	1016	pBOO	T047	C0005694
27784873	1017	1021	rats	T015	C0034693
27784873	1082	1085	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27784873	1097	1105	released	T169	C1283071
27784873	1111	1117	serosa	T024	C0036760
27784873	1138	1141	non	T169	C1518422
27784873	1144	1164	voiding contractions	T042	C0232850
27784873	1169	1187	overactive bladder	T047	C0878773
27784873	1188	1196	symptoms	T184	C1457887

27785790|t|Laboratory evaluation of a novel anaesthesia delivery device
27785790|a|Here, we describe proof of concept of a novel method for delivering volatile anaesthetics, where the liquid anaesthetic (sevoflurane or isoflurane) is formulated into an emulsion that is contained in a compact, lightweight device through which carrier gas flows. Release of anaesthetic is achieved by stirring of the formulation, allowing controlled and responsive release of anaesthetic at a variety of fixed flow rates between 0.5 l.min(-1) and 5 l.min(-1), with ventilated, non-ventilated and draw-over breathing systems. Anaesthetic release was evaluated using target anaesthetic concentrations ranging from 0.5% v/v to 8% v/v to mimic those typically required for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, and lower concentrations suitable for sedation. Under all conditions, output could be maintained within 0.1% v/v of the intended setting, and the device could deliver a controlled level of anaesthetic for at least 60 min, with compensation for different ambient temperatures (10-30 °C) and carrier gas flow rates. This device offers a simple, inexpensive method of delivering safe concentrations of volatile anaesthetics for a wide range of applications.
27785790	0	10	Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27785790	11	21	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27785790	33	44	anaesthesia	T121	C0002932
27785790	45	60	delivery device	T122	C1713964
27785790	79	84	proof	T078	C3887511
27785790	88	95	concept	T078	C0178566
27785790	107	113	method	T170	C0025663
27785790	118	128	delivering	UnknownType	C0677249
27785790	129	150	volatile anaesthetics	T121	C0592957
27785790	162	180	liquid anaesthetic	T121	C0592957
27785790	182	193	sevoflurane	T109,T121	C0074414
27785790	197	207	isoflurane	T109,T121	C0022180
27785790	212	222	formulated	T062	C0524527
27785790	231	239	emulsion	T104	C0014020
27785790	248	257	contained	T052	C2700400
27785790	263	270	compact	T033	C1333134
27785790	272	283	lightweight	T080	C0205556
27785790	284	290	device	T122	C1713964
27785790	305	312	carrier	T122	C0013161
27785790	313	316	gas	T104	C0017110
27785790	317	322	flows	T070	C0806140
27785790	324	331	Release	T061	C1963578
27785790	335	346	anaesthetic	T121	C0002932
27785790	350	358	achieved	T033	C0243095
27785790	362	370	stirring	T052	C1883171
27785790	378	389	formulation	T077	C1705957
27785790	400	410	controlled	T169	C2587213
27785790	415	425	responsive	T169	C0205342
27785790	426	433	release	T061	C1963578
27785790	437	448	anaesthetic	T121	C0002932
27785790	465	470	fixed	T080	C0205556
27785790	471	481	flow rates	T034	C0231993
27785790	526	536	ventilated	T074	C0087153
27785790	538	552	non-ventilated	T074	C1446560
27785790	557	584	draw-over breathing systems	T074	C1446560
27785790	586	597	Anaesthetic	T121	C0002932
27785790	598	605	release	T061	C1963578
27785790	610	619	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27785790	626	632	target	T169	C1521840
27785790	633	644	anaesthetic	T121	C0002932
27785790	645	659	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27785790	660	667	ranging	T081	C1514721
27785790	678	681	v/v	T081	C0560268
27785790	688	691	v/v	T081	C0560268
27785790	717	725	required	T169	C1514873
27785790	730	739	induction	T169	C0205263
27785790	744	755	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27785790	759	770	anaesthesia	T121	C0002932
27785790	776	781	lower	T052	C2003888
27785790	782	796	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27785790	797	805	suitable	T080	C3900053
27785790	810	818	sedation	T061	C0344106
27785790	830	840	conditions	T080	C0449910
27785790	842	848	output	T169	C1274040
27785790	858	868	maintained	T169	C1314677
27785790	881	884	v/v	T081	C0560268
27785790	892	900	intended	T080	C1283828
27785790	901	908	setting	T081	C1318139
27785790	918	924	device	T122	C1713964
27785790	931	938	deliver	UnknownType	C0677249
27785790	941	951	controlled	T169	C2587213
27785790	952	957	level	T080	C0441889
27785790	961	972	anaesthetic	T121	C0002932
27785790	1016	1025	different	T080	C1705242
27785790	1026	1046	ambient temperatures	T070	C0428692
27785790	1062	1069	carrier	T122	C0013161
27785790	1070	1073	gas	T104	C0017110
27785790	1074	1078	flow	T070	C0806140
27785790	1079	1084	rates	T081	C1521828
27785790	1091	1097	device	T122	C1713964
27785790	1107	1113	simple	T080	C0205352
27785790	1115	1126	inexpensive	T081	C0392762
27785790	1127	1133	method	T170	C0025663
27785790	1137	1147	delivering	UnknownType	C0677249
27785790	1153	1167	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27785790	1171	1192	volatile anaesthetics	T121	C0592957
27785790	1199	1209	wide range	T082	C0332464
27785790	1213	1225	applications	T169	C0457083

27785853|t|Helicobacter pylori infection and its related factors in junior high school students in Nagano Prefecture, Japan
27785853|a|There have been few reports on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in asymptomatic Japanese children and adolescents. We hypothesized that the prevalence of H. pylori infection is very low among Japanese children and that clinical variables such as serum pepsinogen and iron levels are associated with H. pylori infection. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 454 junior high school students aged 12-15 years in four areas in Nagano Prefecture. A commercial ELISA kit (E-plate Eiken H. pylori antibody) was used to measure IgG antibody against H. pylori. Serum pepsinogen and iron levels were also measured using standard methods. A urea breath test was performed for seropositive students. The overall prevalence of H. pylori was 3.1% (14/454). There were no significant differences in H. pylori prevalence among mountain, rural, and urban areas. The mean level of both serum pepsinogen (PG I) and PG II was significantly increased in the seropositive subjects compared with the seronegative subjects. When the cutoff values for adults (PG I: 70 ng/mL and PG I / II ratio: 3) were used, 4 of 14 subjects had PG I ≤70 ng/mL and PG I / II ratio ≤3. The results of a logistic regression analysis showed that low serum iron levels were significantly associated with H. pylori infection (P=.02). The prevalence of H. pylori infection is as low as 3% among junior high school students aged 12- 15 years in Japan. The disappearance of H. pylori is accelerating in Japanese children.
27785853	0	29	Helicobacter pylori infection	T047	C0850666
27785853	57	84	junior high school students	T098	C0687733
27785853	88	105	Nagano Prefecture	T083	C0017446
27785853	107	112	Japan	T083	C0022341
27785853	144	163	Helicobacter pylori	T007	C0079488
27785853	165	174	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
27785853	176	201	infection in asymptomatic	T047	C0275522
27785853	202	210	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27785853	211	219	children	T100	C0008059
27785853	224	235	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27785853	262	272	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27785853	276	295	H. pylori infection	T047	C0850666
27785853	314	322	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27785853	323	331	children	T100	C0008059
27785853	341	359	clinical variables	T033	C3810252
27785853	368	373	serum	T031	C0229671
27785853	374	384	pepsinogen	T116,T123	C0030913
27785853	389	400	iron levels	T059	C1318312
27785853	405	420	associated with	T080	C0332281
27785853	421	440	H. pylori infection	T047	C0850666
27785853	457	481	cross-sectional analysis	T062	C0010362
27785853	501	528	junior high school students	T098	C0687733
27785853	563	580	Nagano Prefecture	T083	C0017446
27785853	584	594	commercial	T170	C0680536
27785853	595	600	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27785853	606	619	E-plate Eiken	T170	C0282574
27785853	620	638	H. pylori antibody	T116,T129	C0369303
27785853	652	672	measure IgG antibody	T059	C0202087
27785853	681	690	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
27785853	692	697	Serum	T031	C0229671
27785853	698	708	pepsinogen	T116,T123	C0030913
27785853	713	724	iron levels	T059	C1318312
27785853	735	743	measured	T080	C0444706
27785853	750	766	standard methods	T170	C0025663
27785853	770	786	urea breath test	T060	C0430720
27785853	791	800	performed	T169	C0884358
27785853	805	817	seropositive	T080	C0521143
27785853	818	826	students	T098	C0038492
27785853	840	850	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27785853	854	863	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
27785853	894	920	no significant differences	T033	C3694175
27785853	924	933	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
27785853	934	944	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27785853	951	959	mountain	T083	C0442533
27785853	961	966	rural	T082	C0178837
27785853	972	983	urban areas	T082	C0178876
27785853	1008	1013	serum	T031	C0229671
27785853	1014	1024	pepsinogen	T116,T123	C0030913
27785853	1026	1030	PG I	T116,T126	C0077923
27785853	1036	1041	PG II	T116,T123	C0030915
27785853	1046	1069	significantly increased	T081	C4055637
27785853	1077	1089	seropositive	T080	C0521143
27785853	1090	1098	subjects	T098	C0080105
27785853	1117	1129	seronegative	T034	C0521144
27785853	1130	1138	subjects	T098	C0080105
27785853	1167	1173	adults	T100	C0001675
27785853	1175	1179	PG I	T116,T126	C0077923
27785853	1194	1198	PG I	T116,T126	C0077923
27785853	1201	1203	II	T116,T123	C0030915
27785853	1233	1241	subjects	T098	C0080105
27785853	1246	1250	PG I	T116,T126	C0077923
27785853	1265	1269	PG I	T116,T126	C0077923
27785853	1272	1274	II	T116,T123	C0030915
27785853	1289	1296	results	T034	C0456984
27785853	1302	1330	logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27785853	1347	1364	serum iron levels	T059	C1318312
27785853	1384	1399	associated with	T080	C0332281
27785853	1400	1419	H. pylori infection	T047	C0850666
27785853	1433	1443	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27785853	1447	1466	H. pylori infection	T047	C0850666
27785853	1489	1516	junior high school students	T098	C0687733
27785853	1538	1543	Japan	T083	C0022341
27785853	1566	1575	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
27785853	1595	1603	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27785853	1604	1612	children	T100	C0008059

27786249|t|Determining putative vectors of the Bogia Coconut Syndrome phytoplasma using loop-mediated isothermal amplification of single-insect feeding media
27786249|a|Phytoplasmas are insect vectored mollicutes responsible for disease in many economically important crops. Determining which insect species are vectors of a given phytoplasma is important for managing disease but is methodologically challenging because disease-free plants need to be exposed to large numbers of insects, often over many months. A relatively new method to detect likely transmission involves molecular testing for phytoplasma DNA in sucrose solution that insects have fed upon. In this study we combined this feeding medium method with a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay to study 627 insect specimens of 11 Hemiptera taxa sampled from sites in Papua New Guinea affected by Bogia coconut syndrome (BCS). The LAMP assay detected phytoplasma DNA from the feeding solution and head tissue of insects from six taxa belonging to four families: Derbidae, Lophopidae, Flatidae and Ricaniidae. Two other taxa yielded positives only from the heads and the remainder tested negative. These results demonstrate the utility of combining single-insect feeding medium tests with LAMP assays to identify putative vectors that can be the subject of transmission tests and to better understand phytoplasma pathosystems.
27786249	12	28	putative vectors	T008	C0012656
27786249	36	58	Bogia Coconut Syndrome	T047	C0032080
27786249	59	70	phytoplasma	T007	C1004784
27786249	77	115	loop-mediated isothermal amplification	T059	C3539922
27786249	119	146	single-insect feeding media	T168	C0016452
27786249	147	159	Phytoplasmas	T007	C1004784
27786249	164	190	insect vectored mollicutes	T007	C3179193
27786249	207	214	disease	T047	C0012634
27786249	246	251	crops	T002	C0032098
27786249	271	285	insect species	T204	C0021585
27786249	290	297	vectors	T008	C0012656
27786249	309	320	phytoplasma	T007	C1004784
27786249	347	354	disease	T047	C0012634
27786249	399	418	disease-free plants	T002	C0032098
27786249	458	465	insects	T204	C0021585
27786249	483	489	months	T079	C0439231
27786249	532	544	transmission	T070	C1521797
27786249	554	571	molecular testing	T059	C0752096
27786249	576	587	phytoplasma	T007	C1004784
27786249	588	591	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27786249	595	602	sucrose	T109,T168	C0376597
27786249	603	611	solution	T167	C0037633
27786249	617	624	insects	T204	C0021585
27786249	630	633	fed	T052	C2987508
27786249	648	653	study	T062	C2603343
27786249	671	692	feeding medium method	T059	C0022885
27786249	700	751	loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay	T059	C3539922
27786249	765	771	insect	T204	C0021585
27786249	772	781	specimens	T077	C2347026
27786249	788	802	Hemiptera taxa	T204	C0018992
27786249	825	841	Papua New Guinea	T083	C0030375
27786249	854	876	Bogia coconut syndrome	T047	C0032080
27786249	878	881	BCS	T047	C0032080
27786249	888	898	LAMP assay	T059	C3539922
27786249	908	919	phytoplasma	T007	C1004784
27786249	920	923	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27786249	933	949	feeding solution	T168	C0016452
27786249	954	958	head	T029	C0018670
27786249	959	965	tissue	T024	C0040300
27786249	969	976	insects	T204	C0021585
27786249	986	990	taxa	T077	C1515221
27786249	1019	1027	Derbidae	T204	C1063109
27786249	1029	1039	Lophopidae	T204	C1063149
27786249	1041	1049	Flatidae	T204	C1003013
27786249	1054	1064	Ricaniidae	T204	C1063157
27786249	1076	1080	taxa	T077	C1515221
27786249	1113	1118	heads	T029	C0018670
27786249	1205	1239	single-insect feeding medium tests	T059	C0022885
27786249	1245	1256	LAMP assays	T059	C3539922
27786249	1269	1285	putative vectors	T008	C0012656
27786249	1313	1325	transmission	T070	C1521797
27786249	1326	1331	tests	T169	C0039593
27786249	1357	1368	phytoplasma	T007	C1004784
27786249	1369	1381	pathosystems	T091	C0030664

27786291|t|Non-toxigenic environmental Vibrio cholerae O1 strain from Haiti provides evidence of pre-pandemic cholera in Hispaniola
27786291|a|Vibrio cholerae is ubiquitous in aquatic environments, with environmental toxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains serving as a source for recurrent cholera epidemics and pandemic disease. However, a number of questions remain about long-term survival and evolution of V. cholerae strains within these aquatic environmental reservoirs. Through monitoring of the Haitian aquatic environment following the 2010 cholera epidemic, we isolated two novel non-toxigenic (ctxA/B - negative) Vibrio cholerae O1. These two isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing and were investigated through comparative genomics and Bayesian coalescent analysis. These isolates cluster in the evolutionary tree with strains responsible for clinical cholera, possessing genomic components of 6(th) and 7(th) pandemic lineages, and diverge from " modern " cholera strains around 1548 C.E. [95% HPD: 1532-1555]. Vibrio Pathogenicity Island (VPI)-1 was present; however, SXT/R391-family ICE and VPI-2 were absent. Rugose phenotype conversion and vibriophage resistance evidenced adaption for persistence in aquatic environments. The identification of V. cholerae O1 strains in the Haitian environment, which predate the first reported cholera pandemic in 1817, broadens our understanding of the history of pandemics. It also raises the possibility that these and similar environmental strains could acquire virulence genes from the 2010 Haitian epidemic clone, including the cholera toxin producing CTXϕ.
27786291	0	13	Non-toxigenic	T169	C0445099
27786291	14	27	environmental	T082	C0014406
27786291	28	46	Vibrio cholerae O1	T007	C0318248
27786291	47	53	strain	T001	C1518614
27786291	59	64	Haiti	T083	C0018510
27786291	65	73	provides	T052	C1999230
27786291	74	82	evidence	T078	C3887511
27786291	86	98	pre-pandemic	T067	C1615608
27786291	99	106	cholera	T047	C0008354
27786291	110	120	Hispaniola	T083	C0454978
27786291	121	136	Vibrio cholerae	T007	C0042629
27786291	140	150	ubiquitous	T080	C2348867
27786291	154	174	aquatic environments	T067	C0563034
27786291	181	194	environmental	T082	C0014406
27786291	195	204	toxigenic	T170	C0445332
27786291	205	219	V. cholerae O1	T007	C0318248
27786291	220	227	strains	T001	C1518614
27786291	228	235	serving	T081	C1519269
27786291	241	247	source	T033	C0449416
27786291	252	261	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27786291	262	279	cholera epidemics	T047	C0008354
27786291	284	292	pandemic	T067	C1615608
27786291	293	300	disease	T047	C0012634
27786291	346	355	long-term	T079	C0443252
27786291	356	364	survival	T169	C0220921
27786291	382	393	V. cholerae	T007	C0042629
27786291	394	401	strains	T001	C1518614
27786291	415	436	aquatic environmental	T067	C0563034
27786291	437	447	reservoirs	T083	C0442537
27786291	457	467	monitoring	T057	C0014416
27786291	475	482	Haitian	T083	C0018510
27786291	483	502	aquatic environment	T067	C0563034
27786291	522	538	cholera epidemic	T047	C0008354
27786291	543	551	isolated	T169	C0205409
27786291	552	555	two	T081	C0205448
27786291	556	561	novel	T080	C0205314
27786291	562	575	non-toxigenic	T169	C0445099
27786291	577	583	ctxA/B	T028	C0017337
27786291	586	594	negative	T033	C0205160
27786291	596	614	Vibrio cholerae O1	T007	C0318248
27786291	622	625	two	T081	C0205448
27786291	626	634	isolates	T123	C1764827
27786291	645	668	whole-genome sequencing	T063	C3640076
27786291	678	690	investigated	T169	C1292732
27786291	691	698	through	T169	C0332273
27786291	699	710	comparative	T052	C1707455
27786291	711	719	genomics	T091	C0887950
27786291	724	752	Bayesian coalescent analysis	T081	C0242196
27786291	760	768	isolates	T123	C1764827
27786291	797	801	tree	T002	C0040811
27786291	807	814	strains	T001	C1518614
27786291	831	839	clinical	T080	C0205210
27786291	840	847	cholera	T047	C0008354
27786291	849	859	possessing	T078	C3154893
27786291	860	878	genomic components	T028	C0017428
27786291	898	906	pandemic	T067	C1615608
27786291	907	915	lineages	T077	C1881379
27786291	921	928	diverge	T080	C0443299
27786291	936	942	modern	T079	C0521116
27786291	945	952	cholera	T047	C0008354
27786291	953	960	strains	T001	C1518614
27786291	1000	1027	Vibrio Pathogenicity Island	T028	C0017258
27786291	1028	1035	(VPI)-1	T028	C0017258
27786291	1040	1047	present	T033	C0150312
27786291	1058	1077	SXT/R391-family ICE	T028	C0017258
27786291	1082	1087	VPI-2	T028	C0017258
27786291	1093	1099	absent	T169	C0332197
27786291	1101	1117	Rugose phenotype	T032	C0031437
27786291	1118	1128	conversion	T169	C0439836
27786291	1133	1144	vibriophage	T005	C0042776
27786291	1145	1155	resistance	T169	C4281815
27786291	1156	1165	evidenced	T169	C0332120
27786291	1179	1190	persistence	T041	C0546816
27786291	1194	1214	aquatic environments	T067	C0563034
27786291	1220	1234	identification	T080	C0205396
27786291	1238	1252	V. cholerae O1	T007	C0318248
27786291	1253	1260	strains	T001	C1518614
27786291	1268	1275	Haitian	T083	C0018510
27786291	1276	1287	environment	T067	C0563034
27786291	1313	1321	reported	T062	C0011000
27786291	1322	1329	cholera	T047	C0008354
27786291	1330	1338	pandemic	T067	C1615608
27786291	1361	1374	understanding	T041	C0162340
27786291	1382	1389	history	T169	C0019665
27786291	1393	1402	pandemics	T067	C1615608
27786291	1450	1457	similar	T080	C2348205
27786291	1458	1471	environmental	T067	C0563034
27786291	1472	1479	strains	T001	C1518614
27786291	1486	1493	acquire	T052	C1706701
27786291	1494	1503	virulence	T080	C0220936
27786291	1504	1509	genes	T028	C0017337
27786291	1524	1531	Haitian	T083	C0018510
27786291	1532	1540	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27786291	1541	1546	clone	T024	C1522642
27786291	1562	1575	cholera toxin	T116,T126,T131	C0008356
27786291	1576	1585	producing	T169	C0678227
27786291	1586	1590	CTXϕ	T116,T126,T131	C0008356

27786590|t|Individual Leg Muscle Contributions to the Cost of Walking: Effects of Age and Walking Speed
27786590|a|This study examined the contributions of individual muscles to changes in energetic cost of transport (COT) over seven walking speeds, and compared results between healthy young and elderly subjects. Twenty six participants (13 young aged 18-30; 13 old aged 70-80) were recruited. COT (O2/kg body mass/km) was calculated by standardizing the mean oxygen consumption recorded during steady state walking. Electromyography signals from 10 leg muscles were used to calculate the cumulative activity required to traverse a unit of distance (CMAPD) for each muscle at each speed. In the old group CMAPD was correlated with COT, presented higher and more variable values, and showed greater increases around optimal speed for all studied muscles. Soleus CMAPD was independent of speed in the young group, but this was not evident with aging. Greater energy cost of walking in older individuals seems to be attributable to increased energy cost of all lower limb muscles.
27786590	0	10	Individual	T098	C0237401
27786590	11	21	Leg Muscle	T023	C0224456
27786590	22	35	Contributions	T052	C1880177
27786590	51	58	Walking	T056	C0080331
27786590	60	67	Effects	T080	C1280500
27786590	71	74	Age	T032	C0001779
27786590	79	92	Walking Speed	T032	C2009910
27786590	98	103	study	T062	C2603343
27786590	104	112	examined	T033	C0332128
27786590	117	130	contributions	T052	C1880177
27786590	134	144	individual	T098	C0237401
27786590	145	152	muscles	T024	C0026845
27786590	177	194	cost of transport	T169	C0220812
27786590	196	199	COT	T169	C0220812
27786590	212	226	walking speeds	T032	C2009910
27786590	257	270	healthy young	T100	C0238598
27786590	275	291	elderly subjects	T098	C0001792
27786590	304	316	participants	T098	C0679646
27786590	321	331	young aged	T100	C0238598
27786590	342	350	old aged	T098	C1999167
27786590	374	377	COT	T169	C0220812
27786590	435	458	mean oxygen consumption	T201	C0030055
27786590	475	495	steady state walking	T056	C0080331
27786590	497	513	Electromyography	T060	C0013839
27786590	514	521	signals	T067	C1710082
27786590	530	541	leg muscles	T023	C0224456
27786590	569	628	cumulative activity required to traverse a unit of distance	T056	C0001288
27786590	630	635	CMAPD	T056	C0001288
27786590	646	652	muscle	T024	C0026845
27786590	661	666	speed	T081	C0678536
27786590	675	684	old group	T098	C1999167
27786590	685	690	CMAPD	T056	C0001288
27786590	695	705	correlated	T080	C1707520
27786590	711	714	COT	T169	C0220812
27786590	795	808	optimal speed	T081	C0678536
27786590	825	832	muscles	T024	C0026845
27786590	834	840	Soleus	T023	C0242694
27786590	841	846	CMAPD	T056	C0001288
27786590	866	871	speed	T081	C0678536
27786590	879	890	young group	T100	C0238598
27786590	922	927	aging	T040	C0001811
27786590	929	948	Greater energy cost	T169	C0220812
27786590	952	959	walking	T056	C0080331
27786590	963	968	older	T098	C0001792
27786590	969	980	individuals	T098	C0237401
27786590	1019	1030	energy cost	T169	C0220812
27786590	1038	1056	lower limb muscles	T023	C2362789

27787497|t|Increased childhood body mass index is associated with young adult serum uric acid levels: a linkage study from Japan
27787497|a|Growth pattern in early life is one of the most important factors affecting the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated diseases. The associations between serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension, kidney disease, and coronary heart disease have been recognized. We investigated the association between increased body mass index (BMI) during childhood and adult SUA levels in Japan .MethodsWe included 298 children with health examination data between 1981 and 2002 who had also undergone physical examinations after reaching early adulthood (approximately 27 years old). Subjects were divided into sex-specific tertiles based on the difference in their BMI (DBMI) over a 6- year period (6-12 years of age). The association between the three DBMI groups and SUA in adults was analyzed. The predicted average SUA level in adults from the high DBMI group was 5.32 mg/dl after adjustment for related factors in a combined sex analysis. This was significantly higher than among the low DBMI group. Excessive BMI increases during childhood led to young adult SUA elevation even after adjusting for several factors. Lifestyle in early life may be a strong predictor of future uric acid metabolism and the resulting disease risk.
27787497	0	9	Increased	T081	C0205217
27787497	10	19	childhood	T079	C0231335
27787497	20	35	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27787497	39	54	associated with	T080	C0332281
27787497	55	66	young adult	T100	C0238598
27787497	67	89	serum uric acid levels	T059	C0455272
27787497	93	106	linkage study	T062	C2603343
27787497	112	117	Japan	T083	C0022341
27787497	118	132	Growth pattern	T033	C1156245
27787497	136	141	early	T079	C1279919
27787497	142	146	life	T078	C0376558
27787497	176	183	factors	T169	C1521761
27787497	198	210	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27787497	214	243	metabolic-associated diseases	T047	C0025517
27787497	249	261	associations	T080	C0439849
27787497	270	275	serum	T031	C0229671
27787497	276	285	uric acid	T109,T123	C0041980
27787497	287	290	SUA	T109,T123	C0041980
27787497	296	308	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27787497	310	324	kidney disease	T047	C0022658
27787497	330	352	coronary heart disease	T047	C0010068
27787497	378	390	investigated	T169	C1292732
27787497	395	406	association	T080	C0439849
27787497	415	440	increased body mass index	T033	C0231254
27787497	442	445	BMI	T201	C1305855
27787497	454	463	childhood	T079	C0231335
27787497	468	473	adult	T100	C0001675
27787497	474	484	SUA levels	T059	C0455272
27787497	488	493	Japan	T083	C0022341
27787497	518	526	children	T100	C0008059
27787497	532	555	health examination data	T170	C0419441
27787497	601	622	physical examinations	T058	C0031809
27787497	638	643	early	T079	C1279919
27787497	644	653	adulthood	T079	C0700597
27787497	655	668	approximately	T080	C0332232
27787497	672	681	years old	T079	C1510829
27787497	684	692	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27787497	711	732	sex-specific tertiles	T185	C0008902
27787497	746	756	difference	T081	C1705241
27787497	766	769	BMI	T201	C1305855
27787497	771	775	DBMI	T201	C1305855
27787497	787	791	year	T079	C0439234
27787497	792	798	period	T079	C1948053
27787497	805	817	years of age	T079	C1510829
27787497	824	835	association	T080	C0439849
27787497	854	858	DBMI	T201	C1305855
27787497	859	865	groups	T078	C0441833
27787497	870	873	SUA	T109,T123	C0041980
27787497	877	883	adults	T100	C0001675
27787497	888	896	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27787497	902	911	predicted	T078	C0681842
27787497	912	919	average	T081	C1510992
27787497	920	929	SUA level	T059	C0455272
27787497	933	939	adults	T100	C0001675
27787497	949	953	high	T080	C0205250
27787497	954	958	DBMI	T201	C1305855
27787497	959	964	group	T078	C0441833
27787497	1009	1016	factors	T169	C1521761
27787497	1022	1030	combined	T080	C0205195
27787497	1031	1043	sex analysis	T059,T063	C0036871
27787497	1068	1074	higher	T080	C0205250
27787497	1090	1093	low	T080	C0205251
27787497	1094	1098	DBMI	T201	C1305855
27787497	1099	1104	group	T078	C0441833
27787497	1106	1115	Excessive	T080	C0442802
27787497	1116	1119	BMI	T201	C1305855
27787497	1120	1129	increases	T169	C0442805
27787497	1137	1146	childhood	T079	C0231335
27787497	1154	1165	young adult	T100	C0238598
27787497	1166	1179	SUA elevation	T033	C3275840
27787497	1205	1212	several	T081	C0443302
27787497	1213	1220	factors	T169	C1521761
27787497	1222	1231	Lifestyle	T054	C0023676
27787497	1235	1240	early	T079	C1279919
27787497	1241	1245	life	T078	C0376558
27787497	1262	1271	predictor	T078	C2698872
27787497	1282	1291	uric acid	T109,T123	C0041980
27787497	1292	1302	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27787497	1321	1333	disease risk	T033	C1281905

27787906|t|Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers as a measure of disease activity and treatment efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
27787906|a|Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can reflect different aspects of the pathophysiology of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Understanding the impact of different disease modifying therapies on the CSF biomarker profile may increase their implementation in clinical practice and their appropriateness for monitoring treatment efficacy. This study investigated the influence of first-line (interferon beta) and second-line (natalizumab) therapies on seven CSF biomarkers in RRMS and their correlation with clinical and radiological outcomes. We included 59 RRMS patients and 39 healthy controls. The concentrations of C-X-C motif chemokine 13 (CXCL13), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament light protein (NFL), and neurogranin were determined by ELISA, and chitotriosidase (CHIT1) was analyzed by spectrofluorometry. RRMS patients had higher levels of NFL, CXCL13, CHI3L1, and CHIT1 than controls (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed higher NFL, CXCL13 and CHIT1 levels in patients treated with first-line therapy compared to second-line therapy (p = 0.008, p = 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively). NFL and CHIT1 levels correlated with relapse status, and NFL and CXCL13 levels correlated with the formation of new magnetic resonance imaging lesions. Furthermore, we found an association between inflammatory and degenerative biomarkers. The results indicate that CSF levels of NFL, CXCL13, CHI3L1, and CHIT1 correlate with the clinical and/or radiological disease activity, providing additional dimensions in the assessment of treatment efficacy.
27787906	0	19	Cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
27787906	20	30	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27787906	47	63	disease activity	UnknownType	C0544450
27787906	68	86	treatment efficacy	T080	C0087113
27787906	90	128	relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis	T047	C0751967
27787906	129	148	Cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
27787906	150	153	CSF	T031	C0007806
27787906	155	165	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27787906	203	218	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27787906	222	260	relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis	T047	C0751967
27787906	262	266	RRMS	T047	C0751967
27787906	287	293	impact	T080	C4049986
27787906	307	314	disease	T047	C0012634
27787906	325	334	therapies	T061	C0087111
27787906	342	345	CSF	T031	C0007806
27787906	346	355	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27787906	356	363	profile	T059	C1979963
27787906	383	397	implementation	T052	C1708476
27787906	401	418	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
27787906	449	459	monitoring	T058	C0150369
27787906	460	478	treatment efficacy	T080	C0087113
27787906	485	490	study	T062	C2603343
27787906	508	517	influence	T077	C4054723
27787906	521	531	first-line	T061	C1708063
27787906	533	548	interferon beta	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
27787906	554	565	second-line	T061	C1710038
27787906	567	578	natalizumab	T116,T121,T129	C1172734
27787906	599	602	CSF	T031	C0007806
27787906	603	613	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27787906	617	621	RRMS	T047	C0751967
27787906	632	643	correlation	T080	C1707520
27787906	649	657	clinical	T080	C0205210
27787906	662	674	radiological	T169	C0205483
27787906	675	683	outcomes	T034	C0587081
27787906	700	704	RRMS	T047	C0751967
27787906	705	713	patients	T101	C0030705
27787906	721	737	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27787906	743	757	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27787906	761	785	C-X-C motif chemokine 13	T116,T129	C0963811
27787906	787	793	CXCL13	T116,T129	C0963811
27787906	796	824	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	T116,T123	C1332831
27787906	826	830	CCL2	T116,T123	C1332831
27787906	833	859	chitinase-3-like protein 1	T116,T123	C3872855
27787906	861	867	CHI3L1	T116,T123	C3872855
27787906	870	901	glial fibrillary acidic protein	T116,T123	C0017626
27787906	903	930	neurofilament light protein	T116,T123	C0068590
27787906	932	935	NFL	T116,T123	C0068590
27787906	942	953	neurogranin	T116,T123	C0083727
27787906	973	978	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27787906	984	999	chitotriosidase	T116,T126	C0253005
27787906	1001	1006	CHIT1	T116,T126	C0253005
27787906	1024	1042	spectrofluorometry	T059	C0037802
27787906	1044	1048	RRMS	T047	C0751967
27787906	1049	1057	patients	T101	C0030705
27787906	1062	1068	higher	T080	C0205250
27787906	1069	1075	levels	T080	C0441889
27787906	1079	1082	NFL	T116,T123	C0068590
27787906	1084	1090	CXCL13	T116,T129	C0963811
27787906	1092	1098	CHI3L1	T116,T123	C3872855
27787906	1104	1109	CHIT1	T116,T126	C0253005
27787906	1115	1123	controls	T167	C1550141
27787906	1137	1145	Subgroup	T185	C1515021
27787906	1146	1154	analysis	T062	C0936012
27787906	1164	1170	higher	T080	C0205250
27787906	1171	1174	NFL	T116,T123	C0068590
27787906	1176	1182	CXCL13	T116,T129	C0963811
27787906	1187	1192	CHIT1	T116,T126	C0253005
27787906	1193	1199	levels	T080	C0441889
27787906	1203	1211	patients	T101	C0030705
27787906	1212	1224	treated with	T061	C0332293
27787906	1225	1243	first-line therapy	T061	C1708063
27787906	1256	1275	second-line therapy	T061	C1710038
27787906	1328	1331	NFL	T116,T123	C0068590
27787906	1336	1341	CHIT1	T116,T126	C0253005
27787906	1342	1348	levels	T080	C0441889
27787906	1365	1379	relapse status	T047	C0277556
27787906	1385	1388	NFL	T116,T123	C0068590
27787906	1393	1399	CXCL13	T116,T129	C0963811
27787906	1400	1406	levels	T080	C0441889
27787906	1444	1470	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27787906	1471	1478	lesions	T033	C0221198
27787906	1505	1516	association	T080	C0439849
27787906	1525	1537	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27787906	1542	1554	degenerative	T169	C1880269
27787906	1555	1565	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27787906	1571	1578	results	T169	C1274040
27787906	1593	1596	CSF	T031	C0007806
27787906	1597	1603	levels	T080	C0441889
27787906	1607	1610	NFL	T116,T123	C0068590
27787906	1612	1618	CXCL13	T116,T129	C0963811
27787906	1620	1626	CHI3L1	T116,T123	C3872855
27787906	1632	1637	CHIT1	T116,T126	C0253005
27787906	1657	1665	clinical	T080	C0205210
27787906	1673	1685	radiological	T169	C0205483
27787906	1686	1702	disease activity	UnknownType	C0544450
27787906	1743	1753	assessment	T058	C0220825
27787906	1757	1775	treatment efficacy	T080	C0087113

27787956|t|Relative importance of climate and mountain pine beetle outbreaks on the occurrence of large wildfires in the western USA
27787956|a|Extensive outbreaks of bark beetles have killed trees across millions of hectares of forests and woodlands in western North America. These outbreaks have led to spirited scientific, public, and policy debates about consequential increases in fire risk, especially in the wildland-urban interface (WUI), where homes and communities are at particular risk from wildfires. At the same time, large wildfires have become more frequent across this region. Widespread expectations that outbreaks increase extent, severity, and/or frequency of wildfires are based partly on visible and dramatic changes in foliar moisture content and other fuel properties following outbreaks, as well as associated modeling projections. A competing explanation is that increasing wildfires are driven primarily by climatic extremes, which are becoming more common with climate change. However, the relative importance of bark beetle outbreaks vs. climate on fire occurrence has not been empirically examined across very large areas and remains poorly understood. The most extensive outbreaks of tree - killing insects across the western United States have been of mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae), which have killed trees over >650,000 km(2), mostly in forests dominated by lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta). We show that outbreaks of MPB in lodgepole pine forests of the western United States have been less important than climatic variability for the occurrence of large fires over the past 29 years. In lodgepole pine forests in general, as well as those in the WUI, occurrence of large fires was determined primarily by current and antecedent high temperatures and low precipitation but was unaffected by preceding outbreaks. Trends of increasing co-occurrence of wildfires and outbreaks are due to a common climatic driver rather than interactions between these disturbances. Reducing wildfire risk hinges on addressing the underlying climatic drivers rather than treating beetle -affected forests.
27787956	35	55	mountain pine beetle	T204	C1032399
27787956	56	65	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
27787956	87	92	large	T081	C0549177
27787956	93	102	wildfires	T070	C2963164
27787956	110	117	western	T082	C1705493
27787956	118	121	USA	T083	C0041703
27787956	132	141	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
27787956	145	157	bark beetles	T204	C1019044
27787956	163	169	killed	T054	C0162388
27787956	170	175	trees	T002	C0040811
27787956	195	203	hectares	T081	C2348947
27787956	207	214	forests	T070	C0086312
27787956	219	228	woodlands	T070	C0086312
27787956	232	239	western	T082	C1705493
27787956	240	253	North America	T083	C0028405
27787956	261	270	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
27787956	304	310	public	T092	C0678367
27787956	364	368	fire	T070	C0700614
27787956	369	373	risk	T078	C0035647
27787956	393	417	wildland-urban interface	UnknownType	C0681784
27787956	419	422	WUI	UnknownType	C0681784
27787956	431	436	homes	T073	C0338046
27787956	441	452	communities	T096	C0009462
27787956	471	475	risk	T078	C0035647
27787956	481	490	wildfires	T070	C2963164
27787956	510	515	large	T081	C0549177
27787956	516	525	wildfires	T070	C2963164
27787956	564	570	region	T083	C0017446
27787956	601	610	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
27787956	620	626	extent	T082	C0439792
27787956	628	636	severity	T080	C0439793
27787956	658	667	wildfires	T070	C2963164
27787956	720	726	foliar	T073	C0729432
27787956	727	743	moisture content	T070	C1254365
27787956	754	769	fuel properties	T070	C3826029
27787956	780	789	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
27787956	878	887	wildfires	T070	C2963164
27787956	912	929	climatic extremes	T070	C1254365
27787956	967	981	climate change	T070	C2718051
27787956	1019	1030	bark beetle	T204	C1019044
27787956	1031	1040	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
27787956	1045	1052	climate	T070	C0008946
27787956	1056	1060	fire	T070	C0700614
27787956	1118	1123	large	T081	C0549177
27787956	1180	1189	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
27787956	1193	1197	tree	T002	C0040811
27787956	1200	1207	killing	T054	C0162388
27787956	1208	1215	insects	T204	C0021585
27787956	1227	1234	western	T082	C1705493
27787956	1235	1248	United States	T083	C0041703
27787956	1262	1282	mountain pine beetle	T204	C1032399
27787956	1284	1287	MPB	T204	C1032399
27787956	1289	1312	Dendroctonus ponderosae	T204	C1032399
27787956	1326	1332	killed	T054	C0162388
27787956	1333	1338	trees	T002	C0040811
27787956	1370	1377	forests	T070	C0086312
27787956	1391	1405	lodgepole pine	T002	C0330190
27787956	1407	1421	Pinus contorta	T002	C0330190
27787956	1437	1446	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
27787956	1450	1453	MPB	T204	C1032399
27787956	1457	1471	lodgepole pine	T002	C0330190
27787956	1472	1479	forests	T070	C0086312
27787956	1487	1494	western	T082	C1705493
27787956	1495	1508	United States	T083	C0041703
27787956	1539	1559	climatic variability	T070	C2718051
27787956	1582	1587	large	T081	C0549177
27787956	1588	1593	fires	T067	C0016141
27787956	1611	1616	years	T079	C0439234
27787956	1621	1635	lodgepole pine	T002	C0330190
27787956	1636	1643	forests	T070	C0086312
27787956	1680	1683	WUI	UnknownType	C0681784
27787956	1699	1704	large	T081	C0549177
27787956	1705	1710	fires	T067	C0016141
27787956	1739	1746	current	T070	C1705970
27787956	1762	1779	high temperatures	T067	C0563594
27787956	1784	1787	low	T080	C0205251
27787956	1788	1801	precipitation	T070	C0032931
27787956	1834	1843	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
27787956	1883	1892	wildfires	T070	C2963164
27787956	1897	1906	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
27787956	1927	1942	climatic driver	T169	C0205245
27787956	2005	2013	wildfire	T070	C2963164
27787956	2014	2018	risk	T078	C0035647
27787956	2055	2071	climatic drivers	T169	C0205245
27787956	2084	2092	treating	T169	C1522326
27787956	2093	2099	beetle	T204	C0009276
27787956	2110	2117	forests	T070	C0086312

27787973|t|Effect of Soil Fumigation on Degradation of Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen in Laboratory and Ginger Field Studies
27787973|a|Herbicides are usually applied to agricultural fields following soil fumigation to provide effective weed control in high-value cash crops. However, phytotoxicity has been observed in ginger seedlings following the application of herbicides in fumigated fields. This study tested a mixture of herbicides (pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen) and several fumigant treatments in laboratory and field studies to determine their effect on the growth of ginger. The results showed that soil fumigation significantly (P < 0.05) extended the degradation period of these herbicides in the field and in laboratory studies. The half-life of pendimethalin was extended by an average of approximately 1.29 times in the field and 1.74 times in the laboratory. The half-life of oxyfluorfen was extended by an average of about 1.19 times in the field and 1.32 times in the laboratory. Moreover, the extended period of herbicide degradation in the fumigant and nonfumigant treatments significantly reduced ginger plant height, leaf number, stem diameter, and the chlorophyll content. The study concluded that applying a dose below the recommended rate of these herbicides in chloropicrin (CP) or CP + 1,3-dichloropropene fumigated ginger fields is appropriate, as application of the recommended herbicide dose in fumigated soil may be phytotoxic to ginger.
27787973	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27787973	10	14	Soil	T167	C0037592
27787973	15	25	Fumigation	T068	C0016804
27787973	29	40	Degradation	T169	C0243125
27787973	44	57	Pendimethalin	T109,T121	C0070222
27787973	62	73	Oxyfluorfen	T109,T121	C0134403
27787973	77	87	Laboratory	T059	C0681827
27787973	92	98	Ginger	T168	C0162751
27787973	99	112	Field Studies	T062	C0596572
27787973	113	123	Herbicides	T131	C0019236
27787973	136	143	applied	T169	C4048755
27787973	147	166	agricultural fields	T082	C0562975
27787973	177	192	soil fumigation	T068	C0016804
27787973	214	226	weed control	T057	C2936495
27787973	230	240	high-value	T080	C0332320
27787973	241	251	cash crops	T002	C0242775
27787973	262	275	phytotoxicity	T037	C0600688
27787973	285	293	observed	T169	C1441672
27787973	297	303	ginger	T168	C0162751
27787973	304	313	seedlings	T002	C0242437
27787973	328	339	application	T081	C1533134
27787973	343	353	herbicides	T131	C0019236
27787973	357	366	fumigated	T080	C0205556
27787973	367	373	fields	T082	C0562975
27787973	380	385	study	T062	C2603343
27787973	386	392	tested	T169	C0039593
27787973	406	416	herbicides	T131	C0019236
27787973	418	431	pendimethalin	T109,T121	C0070222
27787973	436	447	oxyfluorfen	T109,T121	C0134403
27787973	453	460	several	T081	C0443302
27787973	461	469	fumigant	T131	C0016803
27787973	470	480	treatments	T169	C1522326
27787973	484	494	laboratory	T059	C0681827
27787973	499	512	field studies	T062	C0596572
27787973	532	538	effect	T080	C1280500
27787973	546	552	growth	T040	C0597252
27787973	556	562	ginger	T168	C0162751
27787973	568	575	results	T034	C0456984
27787973	588	603	soil fumigation	T068	C0016804
27787973	629	637	extended	T082	C0231449
27787973	642	653	degradation	T169	C0243125
27787973	654	660	period	T079	C1948053
27787973	670	680	herbicides	T131	C0019236
27787973	688	693	field	T082	C0562975
27787973	701	719	laboratory studies	T059	C0681827
27787973	725	734	half-life	T079	C0018517
27787973	738	751	pendimethalin	T109,T121	C0070222
27787973	756	764	extended	T082	C0231449
27787973	771	778	average	T081	C1510992
27787973	782	795	approximately	T080	C0332232
27787973	814	819	field	T082	C0562975
27787973	842	852	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27787973	858	867	half-life	T079	C0018517
27787973	871	882	oxyfluorfen	T109,T121	C0134403
27787973	887	895	extended	T082	C0231449
27787973	902	909	average	T081	C1510992
27787973	937	942	field	T082	C0562975
27787973	965	975	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27787973	991	999	extended	T082	C0231449
27787973	1000	1006	period	T079	C1948053
27787973	1010	1019	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27787973	1020	1031	degradation	T169	C0243125
27787973	1039	1047	fumigant	T131	C0016803
27787973	1052	1063	nonfumigant	T033	C0243095
27787973	1064	1074	treatments	T169	C1522326
27787973	1075	1096	significantly reduced	T080	C0392756
27787973	1097	1103	ginger	T168	C0162751
27787973	1104	1116	plant height	T032	C0489786
27787973	1118	1129	leaf number	T081	C0392762
27787973	1131	1144	stem diameter	T081	C1301886
27787973	1154	1165	chlorophyll	T109,T123	C0008260
27787973	1166	1173	content	T077	C0456205
27787973	1179	1184	study	T062	C2603343
27787973	1200	1208	applying	T169	C4048755
27787973	1211	1215	dose	T081	C0178602
27787973	1226	1242	recommended rate	T081	C1521828
27787973	1252	1262	herbicides	T131	C0019236
27787973	1266	1278	chloropicrin	T109,T121	C0055437
27787973	1280	1282	CP	T109,T121	C0055437
27787973	1287	1289	CP	T109,T121	C0055437
27787973	1292	1311	1,3-dichloropropene	T109,T131	C0043918
27787973	1312	1321	fumigated	T080	C0205556
27787973	1322	1328	ginger	T168	C0162751
27787973	1329	1335	fields	T082	C0562975
27787973	1339	1350	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27787973	1355	1366	application	T081	C1533134
27787973	1374	1385	recommended	T078	C0034866
27787973	1386	1395	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27787973	1396	1400	dose	T081	C0178602
27787973	1404	1413	fumigated	T080	C0205556
27787973	1414	1418	soil	T167	C0037592
27787973	1426	1436	phytotoxic	T080	C0040539
27787973	1440	1446	ginger	T168	C0162751

27788142|t|The Pre-Eclampsia Ontology: A Disease Ontology Representing the Domain Knowledge Specific to Pre-Eclampsia
27788142|a|Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a clinical syndrome characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria at ≥20 weeks of gestation, and is a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have gathered abundant data about PE such as risk factors and pathological findings. However, most of these data are not semantically structured. Clinical data on PE patients are often generated with semantic heterogeneity such as using disparate terminology to describe the same phenomena. In clinical studies, interoperability of heterogenic clinical data is required in various situations. In such a situation, it is necessary to develop an interoperable and standardized semantic framework to research the pathology of PE more comprehensively and to achieve interoperability of heterogenic clinical data of PE patients. In this study, we developed an ontology representing clinical features, treatments, genetic factors, environmental factors, and other aspects of the current knowledge in the domain of PE. We call this pre-eclampsia ontology " PEO ". To achieve interoperability with other ontologies, the core structure of PEO was compliant with the hierarchy of the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). The PEO incorporates a wide range of key concepts and terms of PE from clinical and biomedical research in structuring the knowledge base that is specific to PE; therefore, PEO is expected to enhance PE -specific information retrieval and knowledge discovery in both clinical and biomedical research fields.
27788142	4	17	Pre-Eclampsia	T046	C0032914
27788142	18	26	Ontology	T077	C1707788
27788142	30	46	Disease Ontology	T077	C1707788
27788142	93	106	Pre-Eclampsia	T046	C0032914
27788142	107	120	Pre-eclampsia	T046	C0032914
27788142	122	124	PE	T046	C0032914
27788142	131	148	clinical syndrome	T185	C0221444
27788142	166	188	new-onset hypertension	UnknownType	C0745129
27788142	193	204	proteinuria	T033	C0033687
27788142	208	230	≥20 weeks of gestation	T033	C1998040
27788142	249	254	cause	T169	C0015127
27788142	258	266	maternal	T033	C3656218
27788142	271	290	perinatal morbidity	T046	C0848215
27788142	295	304	mortality	T081	C0205848
27788142	337	345	abundant	T080	C2346714
27788142	346	350	data	T078	C1511726
27788142	357	359	PE	T046	C0032914
27788142	368	380	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27788142	385	406	pathological findings	T169	C0205469
27788142	431	435	data	T078	C1511726
27788142	469	482	Clinical data	T170	C1516606
27788142	486	488	PE	T046	C0032914
27788142	489	497	patients	T101	C0030705
27788142	523	531	semantic	T078	C0036612
27788142	532	545	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27788142	560	581	disparate terminology	T170	C0028275
27788142	603	612	phenomena	T067	C1882365
27788142	617	633	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27788142	655	666	heterogenic	T078	C1512426
27788142	667	680	clinical data	T170	C1516606
27788142	704	714	situations	T169	C0868928
27788142	726	735	situation	T169	C0868928
27788142	798	806	semantic	T078	C0036612
27788142	807	816	framework	T077	C1254372
27788142	820	828	research	T062	C0035168
27788142	833	842	pathology	T169	C0205469
27788142	846	848	PE	T046	C0032914
27788142	905	916	heterogenic	T078	C1512426
27788142	917	930	clinical data	T170	C1516606
27788142	934	936	PE	T046	C0032914
27788142	937	945	patients	T101	C0030705
27788142	978	986	ontology	T077	C1707788
27788142	1000	1017	clinical features	T201	C0683325
27788142	1019	1029	treatments	T061	C0087111
27788142	1031	1046	genetic factors	T080	C0814299
27788142	1048	1069	environmental factors	T080	C0686732
27788142	1081	1088	aspects	T080	C1879746
27788142	1131	1133	PE	T046	C0032914
27788142	1148	1161	pre-eclampsia	T046	C0032914
27788142	1162	1170	ontology	T077	C1707788
27788142	1173	1176	PEO	T077	C1707788
27788142	1219	1229	ontologies	T077	C1707788
27788142	1253	1256	PEO	T077	C1707788
27788142	1297	1318	Basic Formal Ontology	T090	C1518584
27788142	1320	1323	BFO	T090	C1518584
27788142	1330	1333	PEO	T077	C1707788
27788142	1367	1375	concepts	T078	C0178566
27788142	1380	1385	terms	T079	C1515273
27788142	1389	1391	PE	T046	C0032914
27788142	1397	1405	clinical	T062	C0008972
27788142	1410	1429	biomedical research	T062	C0005540
27788142	1484	1486	PE	T046	C0032914
27788142	1499	1502	PEO	T077	C1707788
27788142	1518	1525	enhance	T052	C2349975
27788142	1526	1528	PE	T046	C0032914
27788142	1539	1560	information retrieval	T057	C0079623
27788142	1593	1601	clinical	T062	C0008972
27788142	1606	1625	biomedical research	T062	C0005540
27788142	1626	1632	fields	UnknownType	C0683945

27788427|t|Enhancement of docosahexaenoic acid synthesis by manipulation of antioxidant capacity and prevention of oxidative damage in Schizochytrium sp
27788427|a|Oxygen-mediated cell damage is an important issue in aerobic fermentation. In order to counteract these problems, effect of ascorbic acid on cell growth and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) production was investigated in Schizochytrium sp. Addition of 9g/L ascorbic acid resulted in 16.16% and 30.44% improvement in cell dry weight (CDW) and DHA yield, respectively. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of cells decreased from 2.17 at 12h to 0 at 60h and did not recover, while ascorbic acid addition could extend the time of arrival zero with the reduced intracellular ROS. However, ROS levels still increased after 72h. Therefore, to further solve the problem of high ROS levels and low T-AOC of cells after 72h, a two-point addition strategy was proposed. With this strategy, DHA yield was further increased to 38.26g/L. This work innovatively investigated the feasibility of manipulating Schizochytrium sp. cultivation through ROS level and T-AOC.
27788427	0	11	Enhancement	T052	C2349975
27788427	15	35	docosahexaenoic acid	T109,T121	C0556150
27788427	36	45	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27788427	49	61	manipulation	T169	C0205245
27788427	65	85	antioxidant capacity	T081	C0392762
27788427	90	100	prevention	T080	C2700409
27788427	104	113	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27788427	114	120	damage	T169	C1883709
27788427	124	141	Schizochytrium sp	T204	C0997292
27788427	142	169	Oxygen-mediated cell damage	T049	C0599732
27788427	186	191	issue	T033	C0033213
27788427	195	215	aerobic fermentation	T043	C0007613
27788427	246	254	problems	T033	C0033213
27788427	256	265	effect of	T080	C1704420
27788427	266	279	ascorbic acid	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
27788427	283	294	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27788427	299	319	docosahexaenoic acid	T109,T121	C0556150
27788427	321	324	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
27788427	326	336	production	T052	C1883254
27788427	341	353	investigated	T169	C1292732
27788427	357	374	Schizochytrium sp	T204	C0997292
27788427	376	384	Addition	T169	C1883712
27788427	393	406	ascorbic acid	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
27788427	437	448	improvement	T077	C2986411
27788427	452	467	cell dry weight	T081	C0392762
27788427	469	472	CDW	T081	C0392762
27788427	478	481	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
27788427	482	487	yield	T081	C0392762
27788427	517	543	total antioxidant capacity	T081	C0392762
27788427	545	550	T-AOC	T081	C0392762
27788427	555	560	cells	T025	C0007634
27788427	561	570	decreased	T081	C0205216
27788427	608	619	not recover	T033	C0243095
27788427	627	640	ascorbic acid	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
27788427	641	649	addition	T169	C1883712
27788427	667	671	time	T079	C0040223
27788427	675	682	arrival	T169	C1555577
27788427	683	687	zero	T081	C0919414
27788427	697	704	reduced	T080	C0392756
27788427	705	718	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27788427	719	722	ROS	T123	C1537052
27788427	733	736	ROS	T123	C1537052
27788427	737	743	levels	T080	C0441889
27788427	750	759	increased	T081	C0205217
27788427	803	810	problem	T033	C0033213
27788427	814	818	high	T080	C0205250
27788427	819	822	ROS	T123	C1537052
27788427	823	829	levels	T080	C0441889
27788427	834	837	low	T080	C0205251
27788427	838	843	T-AOC	T081	C0392762
27788427	847	852	cells	T025	C0007634
27788427	866	893	two-point addition strategy	T062	C0035171
27788427	918	926	strategy	T062	C0035171
27788427	928	931	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
27788427	932	937	yield	T081	C0392762
27788427	950	959	increased	T081	C0205217
27788427	996	1008	investigated	T169	C1292732
27788427	1028	1040	manipulating	T169	C0205245
27788427	1041	1058	Schizochytrium sp	T204	C0997292
27788427	1060	1071	cultivation	T062	C0242481
27788427	1080	1083	ROS	T123	C1537052
27788427	1084	1089	level	T080	C0441889
27788427	1094	1099	T-AOC	T081	C0392762

27790175|t|Predictors and Moderators of Spontaneous Pretend Play in Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
27790175|a|Although pretend play has long been linked to children's normative cognitive development, inconsistent findings call for greater rigor in examining this relation (Lillard et al., 2013). Spontaneous pretend play is often impacted in atypical development, notably in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Since ASD traits exist along a continuum in the general population, investigating how pretend play varies across the range of ASD symptoms by indexing variations in ASD traits in both typically developing and ASD populations may provide insight into how ASD symptoms may influence the relation between pretend play and associated processes in cognitive development. This study used rigorous observational methods to assess spontaneous pretend play. Specifically, 5- min free-play sessions with two discrete toy sets were double-coded by blinded coders (coder assignment counterbalanced). Key facets of pretense development [attribution of pretend properties (APP), object substitution (OS), imaginary objects] were examined. These facets of pretend play production were then analyzed in relation to ASD symptoms, as well as plausible, long-theorized correlates [theory of mind (ToM), verbal ability, familiarity, and interest in specific toys]. Forty children (Mage = 6;5, SDage = 1.45; 29 males), six of whom met the threshold for ASD diagnosis via parent -reported ASD symptoms, participated in play sessions and completed measures of verbal IQ and ToM. Besides the measure of child ASD symptoms, parents completed a survey of their child's interest in and familiarity with the play session toys. Overall, greater ToM predicted more APP, and more interest in the toys presented predicted more OS. In terms of overall pretend play production, two results were counterintuitive. First, among children with more ASD symptoms, verbal ability marginally negatively predicted pretend play production. Second, among children with fewer ASD symptoms, ToM negatively predicted pretend play production. Further probing revealed that the negative effect of ASD symptoms on pretend play was simultaneously moderated by both variables: low ToM and high verbal ability both related to less pretend play production among children with more ASD symptoms. Implications for assessment and subsequent treatment for pretend ability among children with varying degrees of ASD symptoms, as well as for future research, are discussed.
27790175	0	10	Predictors	T078	C2698872
27790175	15	25	Moderators	T080	C1881878
27790175	29	40	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27790175	41	53	Pretend Play	T041	C2371970
27790175	57	65	Children	T100	C0008059
27790175	83	107	Autism Spectrum Disorder	T048	C1510586
27790175	117	129	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	154	164	children's	T100	C0008059
27790175	165	174	normative	T080	C0205307
27790175	175	196	cognitive development	T041	C0679035
27790175	198	210	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27790175	211	219	findings	T033	C0243095
27790175	246	255	examining	T169	C1292732
27790175	261	269	relation	T080	C0439849
27790175	294	305	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27790175	306	318	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	340	348	atypical	T080	C0205182
27790175	349	360	development	T039	C0243107
27790175	373	397	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
27790175	399	402	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	411	414	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	415	421	traits	T032	C0599883
27790175	436	445	continuum	T082	C0595960
27790175	453	471	general population	T098	C0683971
27790175	473	486	investigating	T169	C1292732
27790175	491	503	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	531	534	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	535	543	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27790175	556	566	variations	T080	C0205419
27790175	570	573	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	574	580	traits	T032	C0599883
27790175	614	617	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	618	629	populations	T098	C1257890
27790175	659	662	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	663	671	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27790175	690	698	relation	T080	C0439849
27790175	707	719	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	748	769	cognitive development	T041	C0679035
27790175	776	781	study	T062	C2603343
27790175	787	817	rigorous observational methods	T062	C0870991
27790175	828	839	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27790175	840	852	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	871	874	min	T079	C0439232
27790175	875	893	free-play sessions	T058	C1254363
27790175	903	911	discrete	T080	C0443299
27790175	912	915	toy	T073	C0040565
27790175	942	956	blinded coders	T073	C1707428
27790175	1007	1027	pretense development	T041	C0025361
27790175	1029	1062	attribution of pretend properties	T080	C0871161
27790175	1064	1067	APP	T080	C0871161
27790175	1070	1089	object substitution	T052	C1706204
27790175	1091	1093	OS	T052	C1706204
27790175	1096	1113	imaginary objects	T041	C0025361
27790175	1120	1128	examined	T169	C1292732
27790175	1146	1158	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	1159	1169	production	T041	C0025361
27790175	1180	1188	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27790175	1192	1200	relation	T080	C0439849
27790175	1204	1207	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	1208	1216	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27790175	1267	1281	theory of mind	T078	C0935573
27790175	1283	1286	ToM	T078	C0935573
27790175	1289	1303	verbal ability	T041	C1145677
27790175	1305	1316	familiarity	T041	C0600269
27790175	1322	1330	interest	T041	C0543488
27790175	1334	1342	specific	T080	C0205369
27790175	1343	1347	toys	T073	C0040565
27790175	1356	1364	children	T100	C0008059
27790175	1395	1400	males	T032	C0086582
27790175	1423	1432	threshold	T080	C0449864
27790175	1437	1440	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	1441	1450	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27790175	1455	1461	parent	T099	C0030551
27790175	1472	1475	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	1476	1484	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27790175	1502	1515	play sessions	T058	C1254363
27790175	1530	1538	measures	T081	C0079809
27790175	1542	1551	verbal IQ	T032	C0582577
27790175	1556	1559	ToM	T078	C0935573
27790175	1573	1580	measure	T081	C0079809
27790175	1584	1589	child	T100	C0008059
27790175	1590	1593	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	1594	1602	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27790175	1604	1611	parents	T099	C0030551
27790175	1624	1630	survey	T170	C0038951
27790175	1640	1647	child's	T100	C0008059
27790175	1648	1656	interest	T041	C0543488
27790175	1664	1675	familiarity	T041	C0600269
27790175	1685	1697	play session	T058	C1254363
27790175	1698	1702	toys	T073	C0040565
27790175	1721	1724	ToM	T078	C0935573
27790175	1725	1734	predicted	T078	C0681842
27790175	1740	1743	APP	T080	C0871161
27790175	1754	1762	interest	T041	C0543488
27790175	1770	1774	toys	T073	C0040565
27790175	1785	1794	predicted	T078	C0681842
27790175	1800	1802	OS	T052	C1706204
27790175	1824	1836	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	1837	1847	production	T041	C0025361
27790175	1897	1905	children	T100	C0008059
27790175	1916	1919	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	1920	1928	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27790175	1930	1944	verbal ability	T041	C1145677
27790175	1967	1976	predicted	T078	C0681842
27790175	1977	1989	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	1990	2000	production	T041	C0025361
27790175	2016	2024	children	T100	C0008059
27790175	2036	2039	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	2040	2048	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27790175	2050	2053	ToM	T078	C0935573
27790175	2065	2074	predicted	T078	C0681842
27790175	2075	2087	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	2088	2098	production	T041	C0025361
27790175	2153	2156	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	2157	2165	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27790175	2169	2181	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	2234	2237	ToM	T078	C0935573
27790175	2247	2261	verbal ability	T041	C1145677
27790175	2283	2295	pretend play	T041	C2371970
27790175	2313	2321	children	T100	C0008059
27790175	2332	2335	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	2336	2344	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27790175	2389	2398	treatment	T061	C0087111
27790175	2403	2418	pretend ability	T032	C0085732
27790175	2425	2433	children	T100	C0008059
27790175	2458	2461	ASD	T048	C1510586
27790175	2462	2470	symptoms	T184	C1457887

27790295|t|Psychological and sexual effects of circumcision in adult males
27790295|a|Our aim was to investigate the psychological and sexual effects of circumcision in adult men, and analyze these changes following circumcision. We included 37 adults who applied to our clinic for circumcision and who did not have any psychiatric or urologic disorders and age -matched 30 controls in our study. Body Cathexis Scale (BCS), Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS), and Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) were applied to the study group twice, once before and once three months after circumcision, and only once in the control group. Also, intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) was noted and premature ejaculation (PE) evaluation was done. Intra- and intergroup comparisons were performed. The two groups were similar with regard to demographic data. Comparison of preoperative BCS and LSAS scores with the scores of the control group showed significant differences (p=0.003, p<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively). However, postoperative scores were similar to the scores obtained in the control group (p=0.768, p>0.05, and p>0.05, respectively). Scores of all scales showed significant improvements postoperatively. Also, PEDT scores and IELT changes before and after circumcision were significant in the study group, but not when compared to the control group. Our results indicated that social anxiety and anxiety levels decreased after circumcision in adult Turkish men, and their body gratification increased. We found that not being circumcised might negatively affect individuals in adulthood when it comes to body image and sexual satisfaction, however, both improve after circumcision.
27790295	0	13	Psychological	T169	C0205486
27790295	18	24	sexual	T053	C0036864
27790295	25	32	effects	T080	C1280500
27790295	36	48	circumcision	T061	C0008819
27790295	52	57	adult	T100	C0001675
27790295	58	63	males	T032	C0086582
27790295	68	71	aim	T078	C1947946
27790295	79	90	investigate	T169	C1292732
27790295	95	108	psychological	T169	C0205486
27790295	113	119	sexual	T053	C0036864
27790295	120	127	effects	T080	C1280500
27790295	131	143	circumcision	T061	C0008819
27790295	147	152	adult	T100	C0001675
27790295	153	156	men	T098	C0025266
27790295	176	183	changes	T169	C0392747
27790295	194	206	circumcision	T061	C0008819
27790295	223	229	adults	T100	C0001675
27790295	249	255	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27790295	260	272	circumcision	T061	C0008819
27790295	298	309	psychiatric	T048	C0004936
27790295	313	331	urologic disorders	T047	C0042075
27790295	336	339	age	T032	C0001779
27790295	352	360	controls	T096	C0009932
27790295	368	373	study	T062	C0008972
27790295	375	394	Body Cathexis Scale	T170	C0282574
27790295	396	399	BCS	T170	C0282574
27790295	402	432	Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale	T170	C0282574
27790295	434	438	LSAS	T170	C0282574
27790295	445	482	Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool	T170	C0282574
27790295	484	488	PEDT	T170	C0282574
27790295	510	521	study group	UnknownType	C0681860
27790295	550	562	three months	T079	C1442461
27790295	569	581	circumcision	T061	C0008819
27790295	604	617	control group	T096	C0009932
27790295	684	705	premature ejaculation	T046	C0033038
27790295	707	709	PE	T046	C0033038
27790295	711	721	evaluation	T058	C1261322
27790295	732	738	Intra-	T078	C0441833
27790295	743	753	intergroup	T078	C0441833
27790295	754	765	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27790295	790	796	groups	T078	C0441833
27790295	825	841	demographic data	T078	C1511726
27790295	843	853	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27790295	857	869	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27790295	870	873	BCS	T170	C0282574
27790295	878	882	LSAS	T170	C0282574
27790295	883	889	scores	T081	C0449820
27790295	899	905	scores	T081	C0449820
27790295	913	926	control group	T096	C0009932
27790295	934	945	significant	T078	C0750502
27790295	946	957	differences	T081	C1705241
27790295	1014	1027	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27790295	1028	1034	scores	T081	C0449820
27790295	1055	1061	scores	T081	C0449820
27790295	1078	1091	control group	T096	C0009932
27790295	1137	1143	Scores	T081	C0449820
27790295	1165	1176	significant	T078	C0750502
27790295	1177	1189	improvements	T077	C2986411
27790295	1190	1205	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27790295	1213	1217	PEDT	T170	C0282574
27790295	1218	1224	scores	T081	C0449820
27790295	1234	1241	changes	T169	C0392747
27790295	1259	1271	circumcision	T061	C0008819
27790295	1277	1288	significant	T078	C0750502
27790295	1296	1307	study group	UnknownType	C0681860
27790295	1322	1330	compared	T052	C1707455
27790295	1338	1351	control group	T096	C0009932
27790295	1357	1364	results	T033	C2825142
27790295	1380	1394	social anxiety	T048	C0424166
27790295	1399	1413	anxiety levels	T033	C0564474
27790295	1414	1423	decreased	T081	C0205216
27790295	1430	1442	circumcision	T061	C0008819
27790295	1446	1451	adult	T100	C0001675
27790295	1452	1459	Turkish	T098	C0549217
27790295	1460	1463	men	T098	C0025266
27790295	1475	1479	body	T016	C0242821
27790295	1480	1493	gratification	T054	C0234057
27790295	1494	1503	increased	T081	C0205217
27790295	1529	1540	circumcised	T061	C0008819
27790295	1547	1557	negatively	T033	C0205160
27790295	1558	1564	affect	T041	C0001721
27790295	1565	1576	individuals	T098	C0027361
27790295	1577	1589	in adulthood	T079	C2945655
27790295	1607	1611	body	T016	C0242821
27790295	1622	1641	sexual satisfaction	T041	C0871356
27790295	1671	1683	circumcision	T061	C0008819

27790487|t|Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Correlation with Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Non-diabetic Patients - A Hospital based Study from North-Eastern India
27790487|a|Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are predictive of cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus, however, association of HbA1c with Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in non-diabetics is inconsistent. To evaluate the correlation between HbA1c level and severity of CAD in non-diabetic patients using SYNTAX score in a cohort of proven CAD on angiography at Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati, Assam, India, which is a major tertiary care hospital of North-Eastern India. We prospectively collected data of non-diabetic patients with proven CAD on angiography from June 2014 to June 2015. Patients were divided into four groups (interquartiles) according to HbA1c levels, less than 4.8%, 4.8% to 5.1%, 5.1% to 5.6%, and 5.6% to 6.5%. Severity of CAD was assessed using SYNTAX score and the number of coronary vessels diseased. We compared different quartiles of HbA1c with regard to SYNTAX score and number of diseased vessels. A total of 346 patients were included in the study. Mean age was 58.1±10.4 years. Of the total 91.9% (318) were males, 44.8% (155) were hypertensives, 29.2% (101) were smokers and 34.7% (120) were dyslipidemic. We found that CAD severity by SYNTAX score as well as number of vessels involved was significantly different among quartiles (p-values <0.001 and <0.001 respectively). Increase in HbA1c level was strongly correlated with disease severity and higher SYNTAX score. A significant increase was noted in the mean number of diseased vessels (p-value <0.001) as HbA1c level increases. Age, gender, hypertension and dyslipidemia did not show significant difference among quartiles however smoking was found to be an independent predictor of severity of CAD by SYNTAX score (p <0.05). From this clinical study, we can conclude that a significant correlation exists between HbA1c and severity of CAD by SYNTAX score as well as number of vessels involved in non- diabetes.
27790487	0	19	Glycated Hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0017853
27790487	21	26	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0017853
27790487	28	39	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27790487	45	53	Severity	T080	C0439793
27790487	57	80	Coronary Artery Disease	T047	C0010054
27790487	84	96	Non-diabetic	T033	C0241863
27790487	97	105	Patients	T101	C0030705
27790487	110	124	Hospital based	T073,T093	C0019994
27790487	125	130	Study	T062	C2603343
27790487	136	155	North-Eastern India	T083	C0017446
27790487	156	190	Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels	T034	C1261236
27790487	195	205	predictive	T080	C0681890
27790487	209	231	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27790487	236	245	mortality	T081	C0178686
27790487	249	257	patients	T101	C0030705
27790487	263	280	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27790487	306	311	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0017853
27790487	317	340	Coronary Artery Disease	T047	C0010054
27790487	342	345	CAD	T047	C0010054
27790487	350	363	non-diabetics	T033	C0241863
27790487	367	379	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27790487	384	392	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27790487	397	408	correlation	T080	C1707520
27790487	417	428	HbA1c level	T034	C1261236
27790487	433	441	severity	T080	C0439793
27790487	445	448	CAD	T047	C0010054
27790487	452	473	non-diabetic patients	T101	C0030705
27790487	480	492	SYNTAX score	T081	C0449820
27790487	498	504	cohort	T098	C0599755
27790487	515	518	CAD	T047	C0010054
27790487	522	533	angiography	T060	C0002971
27790487	537	560	Gauhati Medical College	T093	C1708333
27790487	562	577	Guwahati, Assam	T083	C0017446
27790487	579	584	India	T083	C0021201
27790487	603	625	tertiary care hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
27790487	629	648	North-Eastern India	T083	C0017446
27790487	677	681	data	T078	C1511726
27790487	685	706	non-diabetic patients	T101	C0030705
27790487	719	722	CAD	T047	C0010054
27790487	726	737	angiography	T060	C0002971
27790487	767	775	Patients	T101	C0030705
27790487	799	805	groups	T078	C0441833
27790487	807	821	interquartiles	T080	C2828255
27790487	836	848	HbA1c levels	T034	C1261236
27790487	912	920	Severity	T080	C0439793
27790487	924	927	CAD	T047	C0010054
27790487	932	940	assessed	T052	C1516048
27790487	947	959	SYNTAX score	T081	C0449820
27790487	968	1003	number of coronary vessels diseased	T081	C3275120
27790487	1027	1036	quartiles	T080	C2828255
27790487	1040	1045	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0017853
27790487	1061	1073	SYNTAX score	T081	C0449820
27790487	1088	1104	diseased vessels	T081	C3275120
27790487	1121	1129	patients	T101	C0030705
27790487	1151	1156	study	T062	C2603343
27790487	1163	1166	age	T032	C0001779
27790487	1218	1223	males	T032	C0086582
27790487	1242	1255	hypertensives	T033	C0857121
27790487	1274	1281	smokers	T033	C0337664
27790487	1303	1315	dyslipidemic	T033	C0243095
27790487	1331	1334	CAD	T047	C0010054
27790487	1335	1343	severity	T080	C0439793
27790487	1347	1359	SYNTAX score	T081	C0449820
27790487	1381	1388	vessels	T023	C0005847
27790487	1432	1441	quartiles	T080	C2828255
27790487	1443	1451	p-values	T081	C1709380
27790487	1485	1493	Increase	T169	C0442805
27790487	1497	1508	HbA1c level	T034	C1261236
27790487	1522	1532	correlated	T080	C1707520
27790487	1538	1554	disease severity	T080	C0521117
27790487	1566	1578	SYNTAX score	T081	C0449820
27790487	1594	1602	increase	T169	C0442805
27790487	1635	1651	diseased vessels	T081	C3275120
27790487	1653	1660	p-value	T081	C1709380
27790487	1672	1683	HbA1c level	T034	C1261236
27790487	1684	1693	increases	T169	C0442805
27790487	1695	1698	Age	T032	C0001779
27790487	1700	1706	gender	T032	C0079399
27790487	1708	1720	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27790487	1725	1737	dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
27790487	1780	1789	quartiles	T080	C2828255
27790487	1798	1805	smoking	T055	C0037369
27790487	1837	1846	predictor	T078	C2698872
27790487	1850	1858	severity	T080	C0439793
27790487	1862	1865	CAD	T047	C0010054
27790487	1869	1881	SYNTAX score	T081	C0449820
27790487	1903	1917	clinical study	T062	C0008972
27790487	1954	1965	correlation	T080	C1707520
27790487	1981	1986	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0017853
27790487	1991	1999	severity	T080	C0439793
27790487	2003	2006	CAD	T047	C0010054
27790487	2010	2022	SYNTAX score	T081	C0449820
27790487	2044	2051	vessels	T023	C0005847
27790487	2064	2077	non- diabetes	T033	C0243095

27790522|t|The Effect of Oxygen Inhalation Plus Oxytocin Compared with Oxytocin Only on Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Randomized Clinical Trial
27790522|a|Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality across the world, mainly in the developing countries. The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate effect of oxygen inhalation plus oxytocin compared with oxytocin only on PPH. This study was a clinical trial which was performed in Shahid Mustafa Khomieni Teaching Hospital of Ilam (western Iran) from April 2012 to Nov 2013. One hundred and twenty pregnant women who were referred to delivery ward for normal vaginal delivery were selected with convenience sampling method and they were randomly assigned into two groups. For both groups management of the third stage of labour was done using 1000CC Ringer and 20 units of Oxytocin. In the intervention group, in addition to the routine administration, 8 liters of oxygen via face mask was used continuously until 2 hours after delivery. Blood loss was determined by regular weighing of the buttocks that were previously weighted. The difference was calculated before and after weighing (1 gram increasing of weight was considered to be equivalent to 1CC blood loss). Data were analysed by SPSS 16 version using Student- t and Chi-square tests. The two groups were homogenous in regard to all the base line variables. The study results indicated that the mean of blood loss were (256.16±97) ml at two hours after delivery in the control group and (149.5±46.49) ml in the intervention group. There was a significant difference between PPH of the two groups (p<0.006). Research findings showed that the use of inspired oxygen during the third stage of labour and oxytocin infusion during 2hours later resulted in a significant decreasing in the amount of bleeding after normal vaginal delivery.
27790522	4	10	Effect	T080	C1280500
27790522	14	31	Oxygen Inhalation	T061	C0184633
27790522	32	36	Plus	T169	C0332287
27790522	37	45	Oxytocin	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27790522	46	54	Compared	T052	C1707455
27790522	60	68	Oxytocin	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27790522	77	99	Postpartum Haemorrhage	T046	C0032797
27790522	103	128	Randomized Clinical Trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27790522	129	152	Post Partum Haemorrhage	T046	C0032797
27790522	154	157	PPH	T046	C0032797
27790522	166	173	leading	T169	C1522538
27790522	183	201	maternal mortality	T081	C0024923
27790522	213	218	world	T098	C2700280
27790522	234	254	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27790522	260	267	present	T079	C0521116
27790522	268	273	study	T062	C2603343
27790522	297	300	aim	T078	C1947946
27790522	304	315	investigate	T169	C1292732
27790522	316	322	effect	T080	C1280500
27790522	326	343	oxygen inhalation	T061	C0184633
27790522	344	348	plus	T169	C0332287
27790522	349	357	oxytocin	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27790522	358	366	compared	T052	C1707455
27790522	372	380	oxytocin	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27790522	389	392	PPH	T046	C0032797
27790522	399	404	study	T062	C2603343
27790522	411	425	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
27790522	436	445	performed	T169	C0884358
27790522	449	490	Shahid Mustafa Khomieni Teaching Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27790522	494	498	Ilam	T083	C0022065
27790522	500	512	western Iran	T083	C0022065
27790522	566	580	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27790522	590	598	referred	T169	C0205543
27790522	602	615	delivery ward	T073,T093	C0011212
27790522	620	643	normal vaginal delivery	T061	C1541822
27790522	649	657	selected	T052	C1707391
27790522	663	690	convenience sampling method	T062	C0150095
27790522	705	722	randomly assigned	UnknownType	C0814868
27790522	732	738	groups	T098	C1257890
27790522	749	755	groups	T098	C1257890
27790522	756	766	management	T057	C1273870
27790522	774	795	third stage of labour	T079	C0022873
27790522	805	810	using	T169	C0457083
27790522	818	824	Ringer	T109,T121	C0073385
27790522	832	837	units	T081	C0439148
27790522	841	849	Oxytocin	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27790522	858	876	intervention group	T098	C2986530
27790522	878	892	in addition to	T169	C0332287
27790522	897	919	routine administration	T061	C0204888
27790522	923	929	liters	T081	C0475211
27790522	933	953	oxygen via face mask	T061	C2016155
27790522	958	962	used	T169	C0457083
27790522	963	975	continuously	T078	C0549178
27790522	996	1004	delivery	T040	C0005615
27790522	1006	1016	Blood loss	T046	C0019080
27790522	1021	1034	determined by	T080	C0521095
27790522	1035	1051	regular weighing	T058	C0516482
27790522	1059	1067	buttocks	T029	C0006497
27790522	1078	1088	previously	T079	C0205156
27790522	1089	1097	weighted	T067	C1522240
27790522	1103	1113	difference	T081	C1705241
27790522	1118	1128	calculated	T059	C1443182
27790522	1129	1135	before	T079	C0332152
27790522	1140	1145	after	T079	C0687676
27790522	1146	1154	weighing	T058	C0516482
27790522	1158	1162	gram	T081	C0439208
27790522	1163	1173	increasing	T169	C0442808
27790522	1177	1183	weight	T081	C0043100
27790522	1188	1198	considered	T078	C0750591
27790522	1205	1215	equivalent	T081	C0439185
27790522	1223	1233	blood loss	T046	C0019080
27790522	1236	1240	Data	T078	C1511726
27790522	1246	1254	analysed	T062	C0936012
27790522	1258	1273	SPSS 16 version	T073,T170	C0037585
27790522	1274	1279	using	T169	C0457083
27790522	1280	1290	Student- t	T170	C0237913
27790522	1295	1311	Chi-square tests	T170	C0008041
27790522	1321	1327	groups	T098	C1257890
27790522	1333	1343	homogenous	T169	C1522138
27790522	1365	1374	base line	T081	C1442488
27790522	1375	1384	variables	T081	C1705098
27790522	1390	1395	study	T062	C2603343
27790522	1396	1403	results	T033	C0683954
27790522	1404	1413	indicated	T033	C1444656
27790522	1423	1427	mean	T081	C0444504
27790522	1431	1441	blood loss	T046	C0019080
27790522	1475	1480	after	T079	C0687676
27790522	1481	1489	delivery	T040	C0005615
27790522	1497	1510	control group	T096	C0009932
27790522	1539	1557	intervention group	T098	C2986530
27790522	1571	1582	significant	T078	C0750502
27790522	1583	1593	difference	T081	C1705241
27790522	1602	1605	PPH	T046	C0032797
27790522	1617	1623	groups	T098	C1257890
27790522	1635	1643	Research	T062	C0035168
27790522	1644	1652	findings	T033	C0243095
27790522	1669	1672	use	T169	C0457083
27790522	1676	1684	inspired	T040	C0004048
27790522	1685	1691	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27790522	1703	1724	third stage of labour	T079	C0022873
27790522	1729	1737	oxytocin	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27790522	1738	1746	infusion	T061	C0574032
27790522	1767	1775	resulted	T169	C1274040
27790522	1781	1792	significant	T078	C0750502
27790522	1793	1803	decreasing	T081	C0547047
27790522	1811	1817	amount	T081	C1265611
27790522	1821	1829	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27790522	1830	1835	after	T079	C0687676
27790522	1836	1859	normal vaginal delivery	T061	C1541822

27791100|t|F901318 represents a novel class of antifungal drug that inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
27791100|a|There is an important medical need for new antifungal agents with novel mechanisms of action to treat the increasing number of patients with life-threatening systemic fungal disease and to overcome the growing problem of resistance to current therapies. F901318, the leading representative of a novel class of drug, the orotomides, is an antifungal drug in clinical development that demonstrates excellent potency against a broad range of dimorphic and filamentous fungi. In vitro susceptibility testing of F901318 against more than 100 strains from the four main pathogenic Aspergillus spp. revealed minimal inhibitory concentrations of ≤0.06 µg/mL- greater potency than the leading antifungal classes. An investigation into the mechanism of action of F901318 found that it acts via inhibition of the pyrimidine biosynthesis enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) in a fungal - specific manner. Homology modeling of Aspergillus fumigatus DHODH has identified a predicted binding mode of the inhibitor and important interacting amino acid residues. In a murine pulmonary model of aspergillosis, F901318 displays in vivo efficacy against a strain of A. fumigatus sensitive to the azole class of antifungals and a strain displaying an azole - resistant phenotype. F901318 is currently in late Phase 1 clinical trials, offering hope that the antifungal armamentarium can be expanded to include a class of agent with a mechanism of action distinct from currently marketed antifungals.
27791100	0	7	F901318	T109,T121	C3896862
27791100	8	18	represents	T052	C1882932
27791100	21	26	novel	T080	C0205314
27791100	27	32	class	T170	C0456387
27791100	36	51	antifungal drug	T121	C0003308
27791100	57	65	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27791100	66	94	dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0058099
27791100	107	116	important	T080	C3898777
27791100	117	124	medical	T169	C0205476
27791100	134	137	new	T080	C0205314
27791100	138	155	antifungal agents	T121	C0003308
27791100	161	166	novel	T080	C0205314
27791100	167	177	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27791100	181	187	action	T169	C0441472
27791100	191	196	treat	T061	C0087111
27791100	201	211	increasing	T169	C0442808
27791100	212	230	number of patients	T033	C2360800
27791100	236	252	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27791100	253	276	systemic fungal disease	T047	C0553576
27791100	284	292	overcome	T052	C2983310
27791100	305	312	problem	T033	C0033213
27791100	316	326	resistance	T039	C1514892
27791100	330	347	current therapies	T061	C2827774
27791100	349	356	F901318	T109,T121	C3896862
27791100	370	384	representative	T052	C1882932
27791100	390	395	novel	T080	C0205314
27791100	396	401	class	T170	C0456387
27791100	405	409	drug	T121	C1254351
27791100	415	425	orotomides	T121	C1254351
27791100	433	448	antifungal drug	T121	C0003308
27791100	452	472	clinical development	T062	C1512068
27791100	478	490	demonstrates	T052	C3687625
27791100	491	508	excellent potency	T121	C1656349
27791100	509	516	against	T080	C0521124
27791100	525	530	range	T081	C1514721
27791100	534	543	dimorphic	T004	C1562222
27791100	548	565	filamentous fungi	T004	C0369241
27791100	567	575	In vitro	T080	C1533691
27791100	576	598	susceptibility testing	T059	C0806957
27791100	602	609	F901318	T109,T121	C3896862
27791100	610	617	against	T080	C0521124
27791100	632	639	strains	T001	C1518614
27791100	654	658	main	T080	C1542147
27791100	659	669	pathogenic	T001	C0450254
27791100	670	685	Aspergillus spp	T004	C0004034
27791100	687	695	revealed	T080	C0443289
27791100	696	729	minimal inhibitory concentrations	T034	C1304747
27791100	746	761	greater potency	T121	C1656349
27791100	779	789	antifungal	T195	C0003235
27791100	790	797	classes	T170	C0456387
27791100	802	815	investigation	T058	C0220825
27791100	825	834	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27791100	838	844	action	T052	C3266814
27791100	848	855	F901318	T109,T121	C3896862
27791100	879	889	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27791100	897	907	pyrimidine	T114,T123	C0034289
27791100	908	920	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27791100	921	956	enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0058099
27791100	958	963	DHODH	T116,T126	C0058099
27791100	970	976	fungal	T004	C0016832
27791100	979	987	specific	T080	C0205369
27791100	988	994	manner	T078	C3266812
27791100	996	1013	Homology modeling	T063	C1512489
27791100	1017	1038	Aspergillus fumigatus	T004	C0004037
27791100	1039	1044	DHODH	T116,T126	C0058099
27791100	1049	1059	identified	T080	C0205396
27791100	1062	1071	predicted	T078	C0681842
27791100	1072	1079	binding	T052	C1145667
27791100	1080	1084	mode	T169	C1513371
27791100	1092	1101	inhibitor	T052	C3463820
27791100	1106	1115	important	T080	C3898777
27791100	1116	1127	interacting	T169	C1704675
27791100	1128	1147	amino acid residues	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27791100	1154	1160	murine	T015	C0026809
27791100	1161	1170	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27791100	1171	1176	model	T075	C0026339
27791100	1180	1193	aspergillosis	T047	C0004030
27791100	1195	1202	F901318	T109,T121	C3896862
27791100	1203	1211	displays	T169	C0870432
27791100	1212	1219	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27791100	1220	1228	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27791100	1229	1236	against	T080	C0521124
27791100	1239	1245	strain	T001	C1518614
27791100	1249	1261	A. fumigatus	T004	C0004037
27791100	1262	1271	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27791100	1279	1284	azole	T109	C0004504
27791100	1285	1290	class	T170	C0456387
27791100	1294	1305	antifungals	T195	C0003235
27791100	1312	1318	strain	T001	C1518614
27791100	1319	1329	displaying	T169	C0870432
27791100	1333	1338	azole	T109	C0004504
27791100	1341	1350	resistant	T169	C0332325
27791100	1351	1360	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27791100	1362	1369	F901318	T109,T121	C3896862
27791100	1373	1382	currently	T079	C0521116
27791100	1386	1390	late	T079	C0205087
27791100	1391	1398	Phase 1	T079	C0439559
27791100	1399	1414	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27791100	1439	1449	antifungal	T195	C0003235
27791100	1450	1463	armamentarium	T169	C0449851
27791100	1471	1479	expanded	T082	C0205229
27791100	1483	1490	include	T052	C2700399
27791100	1493	1498	class	T170	C0456387
27791100	1502	1507	agent	T121	C0003308
27791100	1515	1524	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27791100	1528	1534	action	T169	C0441472
27791100	1535	1543	distinct	T080	C1705242
27791100	1549	1558	currently	T079	C0521116
27791100	1568	1579	antifungals	T195	C0003235

27791144|t|An evolutionary conserved Hexim1 peptide binds to the Cdk9 catalytic site to inhibit P-TEFb
27791144|a|The positive transcription elongation factor (P-TEFb) is required for the transcription of most genes by RNA polymerase II. Hexim proteins associated with 7SK RNA bind to P-TEFb and reversibly inhibit its activity. P-TEFb comprises the Cdk9 cyclin-dependent kinase and a cyclin T. Hexim proteins have been shown to bind the cyclin T subunit of P-TEFb. How this binding leads to inhibition of the kinase activity of Cdk9 has remained elusive, however. Using a photoreactive amino acid incorporated into proteins, we show that in live cells, cell extracts, and in vitro reconstituted complexes, Hexim1 cross-links and thus contacts Cdk9. Notably, replacement of a phenylalanine, F208, belonging to an evolutionary conserved Hexim1 peptide ((202) PYNTTQFLM (210)) known as the "PYNT" sequence, cross-links a peptide within the activation segment that controls access to the Cdk9 catalytic cleft. Reciprocally, Hexim1 is cross-linked by a photoreactive amino acid replacing Cdk9 W193, a tryptophan within this activation segment. These findings provide evidence of a direct interaction between Cdk9 and its inhibitor, Hexim1. Based on similarities with Cdk2 3D structure, the Cdk9 peptide cross-linked by Hexim1 corresponds to the substrate binding-site. Accordingly, the Hexim1 PYNT sequence is proposed to interfere with substrate binding to Cdk9 and thereby to inhibit its kinase activity.
27791144	3	40	evolutionary conserved Hexim1 peptide	T116	C1260118
27791144	41	46	binds	T044	C1167622
27791144	54	58	Cdk9	T116,T126	C0254251
27791144	59	73	catalytic site	T169	C0205681
27791144	77	84	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27791144	85	91	P-TEFb	T116,T126	C0663446
27791144	96	136	positive transcription elongation factor	T116,T126	C0663446
27791144	138	144	P-TEFb	T116,T126	C0663446
27791144	166	179	transcription	T045	C0040649
27791144	188	193	genes	T028	C0017337
27791144	197	214	RNA polymerase II	T116,T126	C0035679
27791144	216	230	Hexim proteins	T116	C1260118
27791144	231	246	associated with	T080	C0332281
27791144	263	269	P-TEFb	T116,T126	C0663446
27791144	285	292	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27791144	297	305	activity	T169	C0205177
27791144	307	313	P-TEFb	T116,T126	C0663446
27791144	328	332	Cdk9	T116,T126	C0254251
27791144	333	356	cyclin-dependent kinase	T116,T126	C0243045
27791144	363	372	cyclin T.	T116,T123	C2717923
27791144	373	387	Hexim proteins	T116	C1260118
27791144	407	411	bind	T044	C1167622
27791144	416	424	cyclin T	T116,T123	C2717923
27791144	436	442	P-TEFb	T116,T126	C0663446
27791144	453	460	binding	T044	C1167622
27791144	470	480	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27791144	488	503	kinase activity	T044	C1150423
27791144	507	511	Cdk9	T116,T126	C0254251
27791144	516	532	remained elusive	T033	C0243095
27791144	551	575	photoreactive amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27791144	594	602	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27791144	620	630	live cells	T025	C0007634
27791144	632	645	cell extracts	T026	C0007592
27791144	651	659	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27791144	660	683	reconstituted complexes	T104	C1704241
27791144	685	691	Hexim1	T116	C1260118
27791144	692	703	cross-links	T169	C0332220
27791144	722	726	Cdk9	T116,T126	C0254251
27791144	737	748	replacement	T169	C0559956
27791144	754	767	phenylalanine	T116,T121,T123	C0031453
27791144	769	773	F208	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27791144	791	828	evolutionary conserved Hexim1 peptide	T116	C1260118
27791144	836	845	PYNTTQFLM	T087	C0002518
27791144	866	881	"PYNT" sequence	T087	C0002518
27791144	883	894	cross-links	T169	C0332220
27791144	897	904	peptide	T116	C0030956
27791144	916	934	activation segment	T082	C1254362
27791144	949	955	access	T082	C0444454
27791144	963	967	Cdk9	T116,T126	C0254251
27791144	968	983	catalytic cleft	T169	C0205681
27791144	985	997	Reciprocally	T080	C1882911
27791144	999	1005	Hexim1	T116	C1260118
27791144	1009	1021	cross-linked	T169	C0332220
27791144	1027	1051	photoreactive amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27791144	1062	1071	Cdk9 W193	T116,T126	C0254251
27791144	1075	1085	tryptophan	T116,T121,T123	C0041249
27791144	1098	1116	activation segment	T082	C1254362
27791144	1124	1132	findings	T169	C2607943
27791144	1141	1149	evidence	T078	C3887511
27791144	1155	1173	direct interaction	T044	C0872079
27791144	1182	1186	Cdk9	T116,T126	C0254251
27791144	1195	1204	inhibitor	T116,T121	C1449702
27791144	1206	1212	Hexim1	T116	C1260118
27791144	1223	1235	similarities	T080	C2348205
27791144	1241	1245	Cdk2	T116,T126	C0108855
27791144	1246	1258	3D structure	T082	C0678594
27791144	1264	1276	Cdk9 peptide	T116,T126	C0254251
27791144	1277	1289	cross-linked	T169	C0332220
27791144	1293	1299	Hexim1	T116	C1260118
27791144	1319	1341	substrate binding-site	T192	C0005456
27791144	1360	1366	Hexim1	T116	C1260118
27791144	1367	1380	PYNT sequence	T087	C0002518
27791144	1396	1410	interfere with	T169	C0521102
27791144	1411	1428	substrate binding	T044	C0033618
27791144	1432	1436	Cdk9	T116,T126	C0254251
27791144	1452	1459	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27791144	1464	1479	kinase activity	T044	C1150423

27791169|t|Allelic diversity in an NLR gene BPH9 enables rice to combat planthopper variation
27791169|a|Brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is one of the most devastating insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Currently, 30 BPH - resistance genes have been genetically defined, most of which are clustered on specific chromosome regions. Here, we describe molecular cloning and characterization of a BPH - resistance gene, BPH9, mapped on the long arm of rice chromosome 12 (12L). BPH9 encodes a rare type of nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing protein that localizes to the endomembrane system and causes a cell death phenotype. BPH9 activates salicylic acid - and jasmonic acid - signaling pathways in rice plants and confers both antixenosis and antibiosis to BPH. We further demonstrated that the eight BPH - resistance genes that are clustered on chromosome 12L, including the widely used BPH1, are allelic with each other. To honor the priority in the literature, we thus designated this locus as BPH1/9 These eight genes can be classified into four allelotypes, BPH1/9-1, -2, -7, and -9 These allelotypes confer varying levels of resistance to different biotypes of BPH. The coding region of BPH1/9 shows a high level of diversity in rice germplasm. Homologous fragments of the nucleotide-binding (NB) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains exist, which might have served as a repository for generating allele diversity. Our findings reveal a rice plant strategy for modifying the genetic information to gain the upper hand in the struggle against insect herbivores. Further exploration of natural allelic variation and artificial shuffling within this gene may allow breeding to be tailored to control emerging biotypes of BPH.
27791169	0	7	Allelic	T028	C0002085
27791169	8	17	diversity	T080	C1880371
27791169	24	32	NLR gene	T028	C0017337
27791169	33	37	BPH9	T028	C0017337
27791169	46	50	rice	T002	C1140671
27791169	61	72	planthopper	T204	C0600234
27791169	73	82	variation	T070	C0042333
27791169	83	100	Brown planthopper	T204	C0600234
27791169	102	105	BPH	T204	C0600234
27791169	108	131	Nilaparvata lugens Stål	T204	C1051066
27791169	164	170	insect	T204	C0021585
27791169	171	176	pests	T008	C0869004
27791169	180	184	rice	T002	C1140671
27791169	186	201	Oryza sativa L.	T002	C1140671
27791169	218	221	BPH	T204	C0600234
27791169	224	240	resistance genes	T028	C2945710
27791169	312	330	chromosome regions	T026	C1953345
27791169	350	367	molecular cloning	T059,T063	C0009017
27791169	372	388	characterization	T052	C1880022
27791169	394	397	BPH	T204	C0600234
27791169	400	415	resistance gene	T028	C2945710
27791169	417	421	BPH9	T028	C0017337
27791169	437	467	long arm of rice chromosome 12	T026	C1276871
27791169	475	479	BPH9	T028	C0017337
27791169	503	521	nucleotide-binding	T044	C1148916
27791169	526	545	leucine-rich repeat	T087	C1517773
27791169	547	550	NLR	T087	C1517773
27791169	563	570	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27791169	593	612	endomembrane system	T026	C1167315
27791169	626	636	cell death	T043	C0007587
27791169	637	646	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27791169	648	652	BPH9	T028	C0017337
27791169	663	677	salicylic acid	T109,T121	C0036079
27791169	684	697	jasmonic acid	T109	C0064138
27791169	700	718	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27791169	722	726	rice	T002	C1140671
27791169	727	733	plants	T002	C0032098
27791169	751	762	antixenosis	T070	C1254365
27791169	767	777	antibiosis	T070	C0003219
27791169	781	784	BPH	T204	C0600234
27791169	825	828	BPH	T204	C0600234
27791169	831	847	resistance genes	T028	C2945710
27791169	870	884	chromosome 12L	T026	C0008633
27791169	912	916	BPH1	T028	C0017337
27791169	976	986	literature	T170	C0023866
27791169	1012	1017	locus	T082	C1708726
27791169	1021	1027	BPH1/9	T028	C0017337
27791169	1040	1045	genes	T028	C0017337
27791169	1074	1085	allelotypes	T028	C0002085
27791169	1087	1095	BPH1/9-1	T028	C0017337
27791169	1097	1099	-2	T028	C0017337
27791169	1101	1103	-7	T028	C0017337
27791169	1109	1111	-9	T028	C0017337
27791169	1118	1129	allelotypes	T028	C0002085
27791169	1145	1151	levels	T080	C0441889
27791169	1155	1165	resistance	T039	C1514892
27791169	1179	1187	biotypes	T170	C0449562
27791169	1191	1194	BPH	T204	C0600234
27791169	1200	1213	coding region	T028	C0079941
27791169	1217	1223	BPH1/9	T028	C0017337
27791169	1246	1255	diversity	T080	C1880371
27791169	1259	1273	rice germplasm	T002	C1140671
27791169	1303	1321	nucleotide-binding	T044	C1148916
27791169	1323	1325	NB	T044	C1148916
27791169	1331	1350	leucine-rich repeat	T087	C1517773
27791169	1352	1355	LRR	T087	C1517773
27791169	1357	1364	domains	T087	C1514562
27791169	1401	1411	repository	T073	C3847505
27791169	1427	1433	allele	T028	C0002085
27791169	1434	1443	diversity	T080	C1880371
27791169	1467	1471	rice	T002	C1140671
27791169	1472	1477	plant	T002	C0032098
27791169	1505	1524	genetic information	T169	C0017399
27791169	1572	1578	insect	T204	C0021585
27791169	1579	1589	herbivores	T008	C0562691
27791169	1622	1639	allelic variation	T070	C0042333
27791169	1644	1664	artificial shuffling	T062	C0242481
27791169	1677	1681	gene	T028	C0017337
27791169	1692	1700	breeding	T040	C0006159
27791169	1736	1744	biotypes	T170	C0449562
27791169	1748	1751	BPH	T204	C0600234

27791362|t|Nontoxic Formulations of Scintillation Nanocrystals for Use as X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents
27791362|a|X-ray computed tomography (CT) is currently one of the most powerful, noninvasive, clinical in vivo imaging techniques, which has resulted from advances in both X-ray device and contrast enhancement technologies. The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that metal tungstates (such as CaWO4) are promising contrast agents for X-ray, radiation, and CT imaging, because of the high X-ray mass attenuation of tungsten (W). We have developed a method of formulation, in which CaWO4 (CWO) nanoparticles (NPs) are encapsulated within a biocompatible poly(ethylene glycol-b-d,l-lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) block copolymer (BCP) capsule. We show that these PEG-PLA - encapsulated CWO NPs (170 ± 10 nm hydrodynamic diameter) produce a higher CT contrast (by a factor of about 2) than commercial iodine -based radiocontrast agents (e.g., Iohexol) at identical molar concentrations of W or I atoms. PEG-PLA - coated CWO NPs are chemically stable and completely nontoxic. It was confirmed that the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this material in mice is significantly higher (250 ± 50 mg per kg body weight following a single intravenous (IV) administration) than, for instance, commercially available dextran - coated iron oxide nanoparticles that are currently used clinically as MRI contrast agents (MTD in mice ≈ 168 mg/kg per dose IV). IV- injected PEG-PLA / CWO NPs caused no histopathologic damage in major excretory organs (heart, liver, lungs, spleen, and kidney). When an IV dose of 100 mg/kg was given to mice, the blood circulation half-life was measured to be about 4 h, and more than 90% of the NPs were cleared from the mice within 24 h via the renal and hepatobiliary systems. When intratumorally administered, PEG-PLA - coated CWO NPs showed complete retention in a tumor-bearing mouse model (measurements were made up to 1 week). These results suggest that PEG-PLA - coated CWO NPs are promising materials for use in CT contrast.
27791362	0	8	Nontoxic	T080	C1518413
27791362	9	21	Formulations	T167	C0439962
27791362	25	38	Scintillation	T070	C0678573
27791362	39	51	Nanocrystals	T073	C1721058
27791362	63	88	X-ray Computed Tomography	T060	C0040405
27791362	89	104	Contrast Agents	T130	C0009924
27791362	105	130	X-ray computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27791362	132	134	CT	T060	C0040405
27791362	175	186	noninvasive	T185	C2986496
27791362	188	196	clinical	T080	C0205210
27791362	197	204	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27791362	205	223	imaging techniques	T060	C0079595
27791362	266	278	X-ray device	T074	C0183263
27791362	283	291	contrast	T080	C1979874
27791362	292	316	enhancement technologies	T061	C0969683
27791362	330	335	study	T062	C2603343
27791362	375	391	metal tungstates	T130,T197	C0077513
27791362	401	406	CaWO4	T130,T197	C0054486
27791362	422	437	contrast agents	T130	C0009924
27791362	442	447	X-ray	T060	C0043299
27791362	449	458	radiation	T070	C0851346
27791362	464	474	CT imaging	T060	C0040405
27791362	496	501	X-ray	T060	C0043299
27791362	502	518	mass attenuation	T052	C0599946
27791362	522	530	tungsten	T196	C0041383
27791362	532	533	W	T196	C0041383
27791362	566	577	formulation	T167	C0439962
27791362	588	593	CaWO4	T130,T197	C0054486
27791362	595	598	CWO	T130,T197	C0054486
27791362	600	613	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27791362	615	618	NPs	T073	C1450054
27791362	624	636	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27791362	660	739	poly(ethylene glycol-b-d,l-lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) block copolymer (BCP) capsule	T109	C0257395
27791362	760	767	PEG-PLA	T109	C0257395
27791362	770	782	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27791362	783	790	CWO NPs	T073	C1450054
27791362	844	846	CT	T060	C0040405
27791362	847	855	contrast	T080	C1979874
27791362	897	903	iodine	T121,T123,T196	C0021968
27791362	911	931	radiocontrast agents	T130	C0009924
27791362	939	946	Iohexol	T109,T130	C0022005
27791362	985	986	W	T196	C0041383
27791362	990	991	I	T121,T123,T196	C0021968
27791362	992	997	atoms	T196	C0567415
27791362	999	1006	PEG-PLA	T109	C0257395
27791362	1009	1015	coated	T080	C1522408
27791362	1016	1023	CWO NPs	T073	C1450054
27791362	1061	1069	nontoxic	T080	C1518413
27791362	1097	1119	maximum tolerated dose	T081	C0752079
27791362	1121	1124	MTD	T081	C0752079
27791362	1134	1142	material	T167	C0520510
27791362	1146	1150	mice	T015	C0026809
27791362	1195	1206	body weight	T032	C0005910
27791362	1226	1257	intravenous (IV) administration	T082	C0013125
27791362	1302	1309	dextran	T109,T121	C0086140
27791362	1312	1318	coated	T080	C1522408
27791362	1319	1329	iron oxide	T121,T197	C0060240
27791362	1330	1343	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27791362	1368	1378	clinically	T080	C0205210
27791362	1382	1385	MRI	T060	C0024485
27791362	1386	1401	contrast agents	T130	C0009924
27791362	1403	1406	MTD	T081	C0752079
27791362	1410	1414	mice	T015	C0026809
27791362	1431	1435	dose	T081	C0178602
27791362	1445	1453	injected	T169	C0449894
27791362	1454	1461	PEG-PLA	T109	C0257395
27791362	1464	1471	CWO NPs	T073	C1450054
27791362	1479	1481	no	T033	C1513916
27791362	1482	1497	histopathologic	T091	C0677043
27791362	1498	1504	damage	T169	C1883709
27791362	1514	1530	excretory organs	T023	C0178784
27791362	1532	1537	heart	T023	C0018787
27791362	1539	1544	liver	T023	C0023884
27791362	1546	1551	lungs	T023	C0024109
27791362	1553	1559	spleen	T023	C0037993
27791362	1565	1571	kidney	T023	C0022646
27791362	1585	1589	dose	T081	C0178602
27791362	1616	1620	mice	T015	C0026809
27791362	1626	1643	blood circulation	T039	C0005775
27791362	1644	1653	half-life	T079	C0018517
27791362	1709	1712	NPs	T073	C1450054
27791362	1735	1739	mice	T015	C0026809
27791362	1760	1765	renal	T023	C0022646
27791362	1770	1791	hepatobiliary systems	T022	C1711359
27791362	1798	1825	intratumorally administered	T169	C1517565
27791362	1827	1834	PEG-PLA	T109	C0257395
27791362	1837	1843	coated	T080	C1522408
27791362	1844	1851	CWO NPs	T073	C1450054
27791362	1883	1908	tumor-bearing mouse model	T050	C2986594
27791362	1941	1945	week	T079	C0439230
27791362	1975	1982	PEG-PLA	T109	C0257395
27791362	1985	1991	coated	T080	C1522408
27791362	1992	1999	CWO NPs	T073	C1450054
27791362	2014	2023	materials	T167	C0520510
27791362	2035	2037	CT	T060	C0040405
27791362	2038	2046	contrast	T080	C1979874

27791364|t|Albumin -Bioinspired Gd: CuS Nanotheranostic Agent for In Vivo Photoacoustic / Magnetic Resonance Imaging -Guided Tumor -Targeted Photothermal Therapy
27791364|a|Photothermal therapy (PTT) is attracting increasing interest and becoming more widely used for skin cancer therapy in the clinic, as a result of its noninvasiveness and low systemic adverse effects. However, there is an urgent need to develop biocompatible PTT agents, which enable accurate imaging, monitoring, and diagnosis. Herein, a biocompatible Gd -integrated CuS nanotheranostic agent (Gd: CuS @ BSA) was synthesized via a facile and environmentally friendly biomimetic strategy, using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a biotemplate at physiological temperature. The as-prepared Gd: CuS @ BSA nanoparticles (NPs) with ultrasmall sizes (ca. 9 nm) exhibited high photothermal conversion efficiency and good photostability under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. With doped Gd species and strong tunable NIR absorbance, Gd: CuS @ BSA NPs demonstrate prominent tumor-contrasted imaging performance both on the photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging modalities. The subsequent Gd: CuS @ BSA -mediated PTT result shows high therapy efficacy as a result of their potent NIR absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency. The immune response triggered by Gd: CuS @ BSA -mediated PTT is preliminarily explored. In addition, toxicity studies in vitro and in vivo verify that Gd: CuS @ BSA NPs qualify as biocompatible agents. A biodistribution study demonstrated that the NPs can undergo hepatic clearance from the body. This study highlights the practicality and versatility of albumin -mediated biomimetic mineralization of a nanotheranostic agent and also suggests that bioinspired Gd: CuS @ BSA NPs possess promising imaging guidance and effective tumor ablation properties, with high spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration.
27791364	0	7	Albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27791364	21	23	Gd	T130,T196	C0016911
27791364	25	28	CuS	T197	C0056599
27791364	29	50	Nanotheranostic Agent	T073	C0304231
27791364	55	62	In Vivo	T082	C1515655
27791364	63	76	Photoacoustic	T060	C3897929
27791364	63	150	Photoacoustic / Magnetic Resonance Imaging -Guided Tumor -Targeted Photothermal Therapy	T061	C0087111
27791364	79	105	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C0024485
27791364	114	119	Tumor	T191	C0027651
27791364	151	171	Photothermal therapy	T061	C0087111
27791364	173	176	PTT	T061	C0087111
27791364	246	250	skin	T022	C1123023
27791364	246	265	skin cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
27791364	273	279	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27791364	300	315	noninvasiveness	T080	C0205556
27791364	320	348	low systemic adverse effects	T046	C0261794
27791364	394	418	biocompatible PTT agents	T073	C0304231
27791364	433	441	accurate	T080	C0443131
27791364	442	449	imaging	T060	C0011923
27791364	451	461	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27791364	467	476	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27791364	488	542	biocompatible Gd -integrated CuS nanotheranostic agent	T073	C0304231
27791364	502	504	Gd	T130,T196	C0016911
27791364	517	520	CuS	T197	C0056599
27791364	544	546	Gd	T130,T196	C0016911
27791364	548	551	CuS	T197	C0056599
27791364	554	557	BSA	T116,T123	C0036774
27791364	563	574	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27791364	617	636	biomimetic strategy	T041	C0679199
27791364	644	664	bovine serum albumin	T116,T123	C0036774
27791364	666	669	BSA	T116,T123	C0036774
27791364	676	687	biotemplate	T078	C1705542
27791364	691	716	physiological temperature	T081	C0039476
27791364	734	736	Gd	T130,T196	C0016911
27791364	738	741	CuS	T197	C0056599
27791364	744	747	BSA	T116,T123	C0036774
27791364	748	761	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27791364	763	766	NPs	T073	C1450054
27791364	773	789	ultrasmall sizes	T033	C0748864
27791364	816	850	photothermal conversion efficiency	T033	C0243095
27791364	860	874	photostability	T033	C0243095
27791364	881	906	near-infrared (NIR) laser	T070	C1289901
27791364	907	918	irradiation	T070	C0851346
27791364	925	941	doped Gd species	T130,T196	C0016911
27791364	953	975	tunable NIR absorbance	T080	C0205556
27791364	977	979	Gd	T130,T196	C0016911
27791364	981	984	CuS	T197	C0056599
27791364	987	990	BSA	T116,T123	C0036774
27791364	991	994	NPs	T073	C1450054
27791364	1017	1041	tumor-contrasted imaging	T060	C0011923
27791364	1066	1079	photoacoustic	T060	C3897929
27791364	1066	1121	photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging modalities	T169	C1275506
27791364	1084	1110	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27791364	1138	1140	Gd	T130,T196	C0016911
27791364	1138	1165	Gd: CuS @ BSA -mediated PTT	T061	C0087111
27791364	1142	1145	CuS	T197	C0056599
27791364	1148	1151	BSA	T116,T123	C0036774
27791364	1184	1200	therapy efficacy	T033	C0243095
27791364	1229	1243	NIR absorption	T033	C0243095
27791364	1253	1287	photothermal conversion efficiency	T033	C0243095
27791364	1293	1308	immune response	T042	C0301872
27791364	1309	1321	triggered by	T080	C1444748
27791364	1322	1324	Gd	T130,T196	C0016911
27791364	1322	1349	Gd: CuS @ BSA -mediated PTT	T061	C0087111
27791364	1326	1329	CuS	T197	C0056599
27791364	1332	1335	BSA	T116,T123	C0036774
27791364	1390	1406	toxicity studies	T060	C0242890
27791364	1407	1415	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27791364	1420	1427	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27791364	1440	1442	Gd	T130,T196	C0016911
27791364	1444	1447	CuS	T197	C0056599
27791364	1450	1453	BSA	T116,T123	C0036774
27791364	1454	1457	NPs	T073	C1450054
27791364	1469	1489	biocompatible agents	T073	C3273359
27791364	1493	1514	biodistribution study	T062	C0242481
27791364	1537	1540	NPs	T073	C1450054
27791364	1553	1570	hepatic clearance	UnknownType	C0678764
27791364	1580	1584	body	T016	C0242821
27791364	1612	1624	practicality	T080	C0205556
27791364	1629	1640	versatility	T080	C0205556
27791364	1644	1651	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
27791364	1644	1687	albumin -mediated biomimetic mineralization	T067	C1254366
27791364	1693	1714	nanotheranostic agent	T073	C0304231
27791364	1750	1752	Gd	T130,T196	C0016911
27791364	1754	1757	CuS	T197	C0056599
27791364	1760	1763	BSA	T116,T123	C0036774
27791364	1764	1767	NPs	T073	C1450054
27791364	1786	1802	imaging guidance	T061	C0442972
27791364	1817	1842	tumor ablation properties	T061	C0087111
27791364	1854	1872	spatial resolution	T080	C0205556
27791364	1877	1900	deep tissue penetration	T080	C0205556
27791364	1882	1888	tissue	T024	C0040300

27792137|t|Determination of Deoxynivalenol in the Urine of Pregnant Women in the UK
27792137|a|Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most commonly occurring trichothecenes, produced mainly by Fusarium graminearum. Little is known about the effect of DON exposure or the levels of DON exposure that occur during pregnancy. The project aimed to provide data on levels of total DON and de-epoxi Deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) in pregnant human urine samples analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Morning urine samples were collected over two consecutive days from 42 volunteers and associated food consumption was recorded for the 24 h prior to the sample. Spearman's rho non-parametric test for correlation was used to assess the data. Levels of DON did not differ significantly between day 1 (mean 29.7 ng/mL urine or 40.1 ng DON /mg creatinine) and day 2 (mean 28.7 ng/mL urine or 38.8 ng DON /mg creatinine ng/mL/ day) urine samples. The only significant positive correlation was found between total ng DON /mg creatinine and parity (rho = 0.307, n = 42, p < 0.005 two-tailed) and total ng DON /mg creatinine with baked goods on day 1 (rho = 0.532, n = 42, p < 0.0005 two-tailed). This study provides data on the DON levels in pregnancy in this suburban population and reassurance that those levels are within acceptable limits.
27792137	0	13	Determination	T059	C1148554
27792137	17	31	Deoxynivalenol	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	39	44	Urine	T031	C0042036
27792137	48	62	Pregnant Women	T098	C0033011
27792137	70	72	UK	T083	C0041700
27792137	73	87	Deoxynivalenol	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	89	92	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	122	131	occurring	T052	C1709305
27792137	132	146	trichothecenes	T109,T123,T131	C0040952
27792137	167	187	Fusarium graminearum	T004	C0320167
27792137	215	224	effect of	T080	C1704420
27792137	225	228	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	229	237	exposure	T080	C0332157
27792137	245	251	levels	T080	C0441889
27792137	255	258	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	259	267	exposure	T080	C0332157
27792137	273	278	occur	T052	C1709305
27792137	279	285	during	T079	C0347984
27792137	286	295	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27792137	301	308	project	T077	C1709701
27792137	309	314	aimed	T078	C1947946
27792137	326	330	data	T078	C1511726
27792137	334	340	levels	T080	C0441889
27792137	344	353	total DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	358	381	de-epoxi Deoxynivalenol	T109	C0057255
27792137	383	388	DOM-1	T109	C0057255
27792137	393	407	pregnant human	T101	C0596729
27792137	408	421	urine samples	T031	C1610733
27792137	422	430	analysed	T062	C0936012
27792137	434	473	liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry	T059	C0872318
27792137	475	480	LC-MS	T059	C0872318
27792137	483	504	Morning urine samples	T031	C0439057
27792137	510	519	collected	T061	C0455058
27792137	525	528	two	T081	C0205448
27792137	529	540	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27792137	541	545	days	T079	C0439228
27792137	554	564	volunteers	T101	C0237950
27792137	569	596	associated food consumption	T052	C2983605
27792137	601	609	recorded	T033	C0243095
27792137	636	642	sample	T167	C0370003
27792137	644	658	Spearman's rho	T062,T170	C0872006
27792137	659	678	non-parametric test	T170	C1709255
27792137	683	694	correlation	T080	C1707520
27792137	707	713	assess	T052	C1516048
27792137	718	722	data	T078	C1511726
27792137	724	730	Levels	T080	C0441889
27792137	734	737	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	746	752	differ	T080	C1705242
27792137	753	766	significantly	T078	C0750502
27792137	775	778	day	T079	C0439228
27792137	798	803	urine	T031	C0042036
27792137	815	818	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	823	833	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27792137	839	842	day	T079	C0439228
27792137	862	867	urine	T031	C0042036
27792137	879	882	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	887	897	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27792137	905	908	day	T079	C0439228
27792137	910	923	urine samples	T031	C1610733
27792137	934	945	significant	T078	C0750502
27792137	946	954	positive	T033	C1446409
27792137	955	966	correlation	T080	C1707520
27792137	971	976	found	T033	C0150312
27792137	985	990	total	T080	C0439810
27792137	994	997	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	1002	1012	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27792137	1017	1023	parity	T033	C0030563
27792137	1072	1077	total	T080	C0439810
27792137	1081	1084	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	1089	1099	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
27792137	1105	1116	baked goods	T168	C0016452
27792137	1120	1123	day	T079	C0439228
27792137	1159	1169	two-tailed	T170	C0237913
27792137	1177	1182	study	T062	C2603343
27792137	1192	1196	data	T078	C1511726
27792137	1204	1207	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27792137	1208	1214	levels	T080	C0441889
27792137	1218	1227	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27792137	1236	1255	suburban population	T098	C0038607
27792137	1260	1271	reassurance	T033	C2094157
27792137	1283	1289	levels	T080	C0441889
27792137	1301	1311	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27792137	1312	1318	limits	T080	C0205307

27792644|t|Challenging Achievement of Bidirectional Block After Linear Ablation Affects the Rhythm Outcome in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
27792644|a|It is not clear whether bidirectional block (BDB) of linear ablations reduces atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after radiofrequency catheter ablation. We hypothesized that BDB of linear ablation has prognostic significance after radiofrequency catheter ablation for persistent AF. Among 1793 consecutive patients in the Yonsei AF ablation cohort, this observational cohort study included 398 patients with persistent AF (75.6% male; age, 59.8±10.3 years) who underwent catheter ablation with a consistent ablation protocol of the Dallas lesion set: circumferential pulmonary vein isolation; cavotricuspid isthmus ablation (CTI); roof line (RL); posterior-inferior line (PIL); and anterior line (AL). BDB rates of de novo ablation lines were 100% in circumferential pulmonary vein isolation, 100% in CTI, 84.7% in RL, 44.7% in PIL, and 63.6% in AL. During 29.0±18.4 months of follow-up, 31.7% (126/398) of the patients showed clinical recurrence. Left atrial posterior wall (LAPW) isolation (BDBs of RL and PIL) was independently associated with lower clinical AF / atrial tachycardia recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-0.98; P=0.041; log-rank, P=0.017), whereas BDBs of RL or AL were not (log-rank, P=0.178 for RL; P=0.764 for AL). Among 52 patients who underwent repeat procedures (23.0±16.1 months after de novo procedure), the BDB maintenance rates for CTI, RL, PIL, and AL were 94.2% (49 of 52), 63.5% (33 of 47), 62.1% (18 of 29), and 61.8% (21 of 34), respectively. Although PIL crosses the esophageal contact area, LAPW isolation is important for better clinical outcome in catheter ablation with a linear ablation strategy for patients with persistent AF.
27792644	0	23	Challenging Achievement	T033	C0474414
27792644	27	46	Bidirectional Block	T047	C0018794
27792644	53	68	Linear Ablation	T061	C0547070
27792644	81	95	Rhythm Outcome	T039	C1523018
27792644	99	107	Patients	T101	C0030705
27792644	113	143	Persistent Atrial Fibrillation	T046	C2585653
27792644	168	187	bidirectional block	T047	C0018794
27792644	189	192	BDB	T047	C0018794
27792644	197	213	linear ablations	T061	C0547070
27792644	214	221	reduces	T080	C0392756
27792644	222	241	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27792644	243	245	AF	T047	C0004238
27792644	264	296	radiofrequency catheter ablation	T061	C0162561
27792644	301	313	hypothesized	T062	C0681918
27792644	319	322	BDB	T047	C0018794
27792644	326	341	linear ablation	T061	C0547070
27792644	346	369	prognostic significance	T081	C0449821
27792644	376	408	radiofrequency catheter ablation	T061	C0162561
27792644	413	426	persistent AF	T046	C2585653
27792644	439	459	consecutive patients	T101	C0030705
27792644	467	492	Yonsei AF ablation cohort	T098	C0599755
27792644	499	525	observational cohort study	T081	C0009247
27792644	539	547	patients	T101	C0030705
27792644	553	566	persistent AF	T046	C2585653
27792644	574	578	male	T032	C0086582
27792644	580	583	age	T032	C0001779
27792644	595	600	years	T079	C0439234
27792644	616	633	catheter ablation	T061	C0162561
27792644	652	669	ablation protocol	T061	C0040808
27792644	677	694	Dallas lesion set	T170	C0025663
27792644	696	736	circumferential pulmonary vein isolation	T061	C3544330
27792644	738	768	cavotricuspid isthmus ablation	T061	C4087388
27792644	770	773	CTI	T061	C4087388
27792644	776	785	roof line	T061	C0162563
27792644	787	789	RL	T061	C0162563
27792644	792	815	posterior-inferior line	T061	C0162563
27792644	817	820	PIL	T061	C0162563
27792644	827	840	anterior line	T061	C0162563
27792644	842	844	AL	T061	C0162563
27792644	847	850	BDB	T047	C0018794
27792644	851	856	rates	T081	C1521828
27792644	868	882	ablation lines	T061	C0162563
27792644	896	936	circumferential pulmonary vein isolation	T061	C3544330
27792644	946	949	CTI	T061	C4087388
27792644	960	962	RL	T061	C0162563
27792644	973	976	PIL	T061	C0162563
27792644	991	993	AL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1012	1018	months	T079	C0439231
27792644	1022	1031	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27792644	1056	1064	patients	T101	C0030705
27792644	1072	1091	clinical recurrence	T067	C0034897
27792644	1093	1119	Left atrial posterior wall	T023	C0504042
27792644	1121	1125	LAPW	T023	C0504042
27792644	1127	1136	isolation	T061	C0204727
27792644	1138	1142	BDBs	T047	C0018794
27792644	1146	1148	RL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1153	1156	PIL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1176	1191	associated with	T080	C0332281
27792644	1192	1197	lower	T080	C0205251
27792644	1198	1209	clinical AF	T047	C0004238
27792644	1212	1230	atrial tachycardia	T046	C0546959
27792644	1243	1255	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27792644	1267	1269	CI	T081	C0009667
27792644	1291	1299	log-rank	T170	C0392366
27792644	1319	1323	BDBs	T047	C0018794
27792644	1327	1329	RL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1333	1335	AL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1368	1370	RL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1384	1386	AL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1398	1406	patients	T101	C0030705
27792644	1421	1438	repeat procedures	T058	C0520262
27792644	1450	1456	months	T079	C0439231
27792644	1463	1480	de novo procedure	T059	C0022885
27792644	1487	1490	BDB	T047	C0018794
27792644	1503	1508	rates	T081	C1521828
27792644	1513	1516	CTI	T061	C4087388
27792644	1518	1520	RL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1522	1525	PIL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1531	1533	AL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1638	1641	PIL	T061	C0162563
27792644	1654	1677	esophageal contact area	T023	C0014876
27792644	1679	1683	LAPW	T023	C0504042
27792644	1684	1693	isolation	T061	C0204727
27792644	1711	1734	better clinical outcome	T033	C1333602
27792644	1738	1755	catheter ablation	T061	C0162561
27792644	1763	1787	linear ablation strategy	T061	C0547070
27792644	1792	1800	patients	T101	C0030705
27792644	1806	1819	persistent AF	T046	C2585653

27792780|t|On the Relation between Face and Object Recognition in Developmental Prosopagnosia: No Dissociation but a Systematic Association
27792780|a|There is an ongoing debate about whether face recognition and object recognition constitute separate domains. Clarification of this issue can have important theoretical implications as face recognition is often used as a prime example of domain - specificity in mind and brain. An important source of input to this debate comes from studies of individuals with developmental prosopagnosia, suggesting that face recognition can be selectively impaired. We put the selectivity hypothesis to test by assessing the performance of 10 individuals with developmental prosopagnosia on demanding tests of visual object processing involving both regular and degraded drawings. None of the individuals exhibited a clear dissociation between face and object recognition, and as a group they were significantly more affected by degradation of objects than control participants. Importantly, we also find positive correlations between the severity of the face recognition impairment and the degree of impaired performance with degraded objects. This suggests that the face and object deficits are systematically related rather than coincidental. We conclude that at present, there is no strong evidence in the literature on developmental prosopagnosia supporting domain - specific accounts of face recognition.
27792780	7	15	Relation	T080	C0439849
27792780	24	28	Face	T041	C0870537
27792780	33	51	Object Recognition	T041	C0599621
27792780	55	82	Developmental Prosopagnosia	T048	C0751842
27792780	87	99	Dissociation	T048	C0086168
27792780	106	116	Systematic	T169	C0220922
27792780	117	128	Association	T080	C0439849
27792780	149	155	debate	T052	C0870392
27792780	170	186	face recognition	T041	C0870537
27792780	191	209	object recognition	T041	C0599621
27792780	221	229	separate	T080	C0443299
27792780	230	237	domains	T169	C1880389
27792780	239	252	Clarification	T052	C2986669
27792780	261	266	issue	T033	C0033213
27792780	276	285	important	T080	C3898777
27792780	286	297	theoretical	T078	C0871935
27792780	298	310	implications	T080	C0205556
27792780	314	330	face recognition	T041	C0870537
27792780	356	363	example	T077	C1707959
27792780	367	373	domain	T169	C1880389
27792780	376	387	specificity	T081	C0037791
27792780	391	395	mind	T078	C0695534
27792780	400	405	brain	T023	C0006104
27792780	410	419	important	T080	C3898777
27792780	420	426	source	T033	C0449416
27792780	430	435	input	T077	C1708517
27792780	444	450	debate	T052	C0870392
27792780	473	484	individuals	T098	C0027361
27792780	490	517	developmental prosopagnosia	T048	C0751842
27792780	519	529	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27792780	535	551	face recognition	T041	C0870537
27792780	559	579	selectively impaired	T169	C0221099
27792780	592	603	selectivity	T080	C0205556
27792780	604	614	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27792780	618	622	test	T169	C0039593
27792780	640	651	performance	T052	C1882330
27792780	658	669	individuals	T098	C0027361
27792780	675	702	developmental prosopagnosia	T048	C0751842
27792780	725	749	visual object processing	T041	C0589087
27792780	750	759	involving	T169	C1314939
27792780	765	772	regular	T080	C0205272
27792780	777	785	degraded	T033	C1457868
27792780	786	794	drawings	T170	C0013113
27792780	808	819	individuals	T098	C0027361
27792780	838	850	dissociation	T048	C0086168
27792780	859	863	face	T041	C0870537
27792780	868	886	object recognition	T041	C0599621
27792780	897	902	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27792780	913	926	significantly	T078	C0750502
27792780	932	940	affected	T169	C0392760
27792780	944	955	degradation	T033	C1457868
27792780	959	966	objects	T072	C0347997
27792780	972	979	control	T096	C0009932
27792780	980	992	participants	T098	C0679646
27792780	1020	1028	positive	T033	C1446409
27792780	1029	1041	correlations	T080	C1707520
27792780	1054	1062	severity	T080	C0439793
27792780	1070	1086	face recognition	T041	C0870537
27792780	1087	1097	impairment	T169	C0221099
27792780	1106	1112	degree	T081	C0449286
27792780	1116	1124	impaired	T169	C0221099
27792780	1125	1136	performance	T052	C1882330
27792780	1142	1150	degraded	T033	C1457868
27792780	1151	1158	objects	T072	C0347997
27792780	1183	1187	face	T041	C0870537
27792780	1192	1198	object	T041	C0599621
27792780	1199	1207	deficits	T080	C2987487
27792780	1227	1234	related	T080	C0439849
27792780	1247	1259	coincidental	T079	C0205420
27792780	1309	1317	evidence	T078	C3887511
27792780	1325	1335	literature	T170	C0023866
27792780	1339	1366	developmental prosopagnosia	T048	C0751842
27792780	1378	1384	domain	T169	C1880389
27792780	1387	1395	specific	T080	C0205369
27792780	1408	1424	face recognition	T041	C0870537

27793144|t|Family and healthcare professionals ' perceptions of a pilot hospice at home programme for children: a qualitative study
27793144|a|Parents commonly report a significant improvement in quality of life following the provision of hospice and supportive care and have identified a need for such a service in the home. The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of families receiving a nurse led pilot hospice at home programme and the experiences of healthcare professionals delivering and engaging with the programme. An exploratory, qualitative study was conducted, including telephone interviews with parents and focus groups and individual interviews with healthcare professionals. All parents of families who received the programme of care between June 2014 and September 2015 and healthcare professionals delivering and engaging with the programme were invited to participate. Seven parents participated in telephone interviews. Four focus groups took place, two with external stakeholders (18 participants in total), one with in-patient hospice staff (13 participants) and one with the hospice at home team (8 participants). Two additional interviews took place with individual stakeholders who were unable to attend a scheduled focus group. Themes from interviews with parents focused on the value of having consistent and expert care. The findings from healthcare professionals centred on communication within and across services, education and training and lone working. The pilot hospice at home programme was welcomed by all those who took part in the study. The programme may be improved by enhanced clarification of roles, enhanced access to multi-disciplinary services, greater communication across services and improved information provision to families.
27793144	0	6	Family	T099	C0015576
27793144	11	35	healthcare professionals	T097	C1704312
27793144	38	49	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27793144	61	68	hospice	T058	C0085555
27793144	72	76	home	T082	C0442519
27793144	77	86	programme	T058	C0679897
27793144	91	99	children	T100	C0008059
27793144	115	120	study	T062	C2603343
27793144	121	128	Parents	T099	C0030551
27793144	159	170	improvement	T077	C2986411
27793144	174	189	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27793144	204	213	provision	T058	C1283218
27793144	217	224	hospice	T058	C0085555
27793144	229	244	supportive care	T061	C0344211
27793144	283	290	service	T058	C0018747
27793144	298	302	home	T082	C0442519
27793144	324	329	study	T062	C2603343
27793144	367	375	families	T099	C0015576
27793144	388	393	nurse	T097	C0028661
27793144	404	411	hospice	T058	C0085555
27793144	415	419	home	T082	C0442519
27793144	420	429	programme	T058	C0679897
27793144	438	449	experiences	T041	C0596545
27793144	453	477	healthcare professionals	T097	C1704312
27793144	511	520	programme	T058	C0679897
27793144	550	555	study	T062	C2603343
27793144	581	601	telephone interviews	T062	C0021823
27793144	607	614	parents	T099	C0030551
27793144	619	631	focus groups	T096	C0016400
27793144	636	646	individual	T098	C0237401
27793144	647	657	interviews	T052	C0021822
27793144	663	687	healthcare professionals	T097	C1704312
27793144	693	700	parents	T099	C0030551
27793144	704	712	families	T099	C0015576
27793144	730	739	programme	T058	C0679897
27793144	743	747	care	T058	C0086388
27793144	789	813	healthcare professionals	T097	C1704312
27793144	847	856	programme	T058	C0679897
27793144	892	899	parents	T099	C0030551
27793144	916	936	telephone interviews	T062	C0021823
27793144	943	955	focus groups	T096	C0016400
27793144	977	998	external stakeholders	T098	C1257890
27793144	1003	1015	participants	T098	C0679646
27793144	1036	1046	in-patient	T101	C0030705
27793144	1047	1060	hospice staff	T097	C0025106
27793144	1065	1077	participants	T098	C0679646
27793144	1096	1103	hospice	T058	C0085555
27793144	1120	1132	participants	T098	C0679646
27793144	1150	1160	interviews	T052	C0021822
27793144	1177	1187	individual	T098	C0237401
27793144	1188	1200	stakeholders	T098	C1257890
27793144	1239	1250	focus group	T096	C0016400
27793144	1264	1274	interviews	T052	C0021822
27793144	1280	1287	parents	T099	C0030551
27793144	1341	1345	care	T058	C0086388
27793144	1365	1389	healthcare professionals	T097	C1704312
27793144	1401	1414	communication	T054	C0009452
27793144	1433	1441	services	T058	C0018747
27793144	1443	1465	education and training	T065	C0582584
27793144	1470	1482	lone working	T057	C0043227
27793144	1494	1501	hospice	T058	C0085555
27793144	1505	1509	home	T082	C0442519
27793144	1510	1519	programme	T058	C0679897
27793144	1567	1572	study	T062	C2603343
27793144	1578	1587	programme	T058	C0679897
27793144	1616	1629	clarification	T052	C2986669
27793144	1678	1686	services	T058	C0018747
27793144	1696	1709	communication	T054	C0009452
27793144	1717	1725	services	T058	C0018747
27793144	1764	1772	families	T099	C0015576

27793507|t|Proliferating cell nuclear antigen prevents trinucleotide repeat expansions by promoting repeat deletion and hairpin removal
27793507|a|DNA base lesions and base excision repair (BER) within trinucleotide repeat (TNR) tracts modulate repeat instability through the coordination among the key BER enzymes DNA polymerase β, flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1) and DNA ligase I (LIG I). However, it remains unknown whether BER cofactors can also alter TNR stability. In this study, we discovered that proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a cofactor of BER, promoted CAG repeat deletion and removal of a CAG repeat hairpin during BER in a duplex CAG repeat tract and CAG hairpin loop, respectively. We showed that PCNA stimulated LIG I activity on a nick across a small template loop during BER in a duplex (CAG)20 repeat tract promoting small repeat deletions. Surprisingly, we found that during BER in a hairpin loop, PCNA promoted reannealing of the upstream flap of a double-flap intermediate, thereby facilitating the formation of a downstream flap and stimulating FEN1 cleavage activity and hairpin removal. Our results indicate that PCNA plays a critical role in preventing CAG repeat expansions by modulating the structures of dynamic DNA via cooperation with BER enzymes. We provide the first evidence that PCNA prevents CAG repeat expansions during BER by promoting CAG repeat deletion and removal of a TNR hairpin.
27793507	0	34	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen	T116,T123	C0072108
27793507	35	43	prevents	T169	C1292733
27793507	44	75	trinucleotide repeat expansions	T049	C0524894
27793507	89	95	repeat	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	96	104	deletion	T049	C0544883
27793507	109	116	hairpin	T114,T123	C2350253
27793507	117	124	removal	T052	C1883720
27793507	125	128	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27793507	129	141	base lesions	T169	C0205245
27793507	146	166	base excision repair	T045	C1158530
27793507	168	171	BER	T045	C1158530
27793507	180	213	trinucleotide repeat (TNR) tracts	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	223	229	repeat	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	254	266	coordination	T169	C0700114
27793507	281	284	BER	T045	C1158530
27793507	285	292	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27793507	293	309	DNA polymerase β	T116,T126	C0525039
27793507	311	330	flap endonuclease 1	T116,T126	C0252912
27793507	332	336	FEN1	T116,T126	C0252912
27793507	342	354	DNA ligase I	T116,T126	C0114615
27793507	356	361	LIG I	T116,T126	C0114615
27793507	400	403	BER	T045	C1158530
27793507	404	413	cofactors	T109,T123	C0009235
27793507	429	432	TNR	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	433	442	stability	T080	C0205360
27793507	452	457	study	T062	C2603343
27793507	478	512	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	T116,T123	C0072108
27793507	514	518	PCNA	T116,T123	C0072108
27793507	523	531	cofactor	T109,T123	C0009235
27793507	535	538	BER	T045	C1158530
27793507	549	559	CAG repeat	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	560	568	deletion	T049	C0544883
27793507	573	580	removal	T052	C1883720
27793507	586	596	CAG repeat	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	597	604	hairpin	T114,T123	C2350253
27793507	612	615	BER	T045	C1158530
27793507	621	627	duplex	T169	C0205173
27793507	628	644	CAG repeat tract	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	649	665	CAG hairpin loop	T114,T123	C2350253
27793507	696	700	PCNA	T116,T123	C0072108
27793507	712	726	LIG I activity	T045	C1150775
27793507	752	765	template loop	T086	C0004793
27793507	773	776	BER	T045	C1158530
27793507	782	788	duplex	T169	C0205173
27793507	789	809	(CAG)20 repeat tract	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	826	832	repeat	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	833	842	deletions	T049	C0544883
27793507	879	882	BER	T045	C1158530
27793507	888	900	hairpin loop	T114,T123	C2350253
27793507	902	906	PCNA	T116,T123	C0072108
27793507	916	927	reannealing	T045	C0920681
27793507	935	948	upstream flap	T086	C0004793
27793507	954	965	double-flap	T086	C0004793
27793507	1020	1035	downstream flap	T086	C0004793
27793507	1052	1056	FEN1	T116,T126	C0252912
27793507	1052	1074	FEN1 cleavage activity	T045	C1323602
27793507	1079	1086	hairpin	T114,T123	C2350253
27793507	1087	1094	removal	T052	C1883720
27793507	1122	1126	PCNA	T116,T123	C0072108
27793507	1163	1184	CAG repeat expansions	T049	C0524894
27793507	1203	1213	structures	T082	C0678594
27793507	1225	1228	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27793507	1233	1244	cooperation	T169	C0700114
27793507	1250	1253	BER	T045	C1158530
27793507	1254	1261	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27793507	1298	1302	PCNA	T116,T123	C0072108
27793507	1303	1311	prevents	T169	C1292733
27793507	1312	1333	CAG repeat expansions	T049	C0524894
27793507	1341	1344	BER	T045	C1158530
27793507	1358	1368	CAG repeat	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	1369	1377	deletion	T049	C0544883
27793507	1382	1389	removal	T052	C1883720
27793507	1395	1398	TNR	T114,T123	C0282537
27793507	1399	1406	hairpin	T114,T123	C2350253

27793568|t|Functional 1,3a,6a-triazapentalene scaffold: Design of fluorescent probes for kinesin spindle protein (KSP)
27793568|a|1,3a,6a-Triazapentalene is a compact fluorescent chromophore. In this study, triazapentalene was used to modify a series of biphenyl-type inhibitors of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) to develop fluorescent probes for the intracellular visualization of this protein. Microscopic studies demonstrated that these novel triazapentalene - labeled compounds exhibited inhibitory activity towards KSP in cultured cells and provided important information concerning the intracellular distribution.
27793568	0	10	Functional	T169	C0205245
27793568	11	34	1,3a,6a-triazapentalene	T109	C3253155
27793568	35	43	scaffold	T104	C1254350
27793568	45	51	Design	T052	C1707689
27793568	55	73	fluorescent probes	T130	C0016321
27793568	78	101	kinesin spindle protein	T116,T123	C1173400
27793568	103	106	KSP	T116,T123	C1173400
27793568	108	131	1,3a,6a-Triazapentalene	T109	C3253155
27793568	145	156	fluorescent	T130	C0016321
27793568	157	168	chromophore	T120	C0596335
27793568	178	183	study	T062	C2603343
27793568	185	200	triazapentalene	T109	C3253155
27793568	232	245	biphenyl-type	T109	C0005580
27793568	246	256	inhibitors	T121	C0033671
27793568	260	283	kinesin spindle protein	T116,T123	C1173400
27793568	285	288	KSP	T116,T123	C1173400
27793568	301	319	fluorescent probes	T130	C0016321
27793568	328	341	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27793568	342	355	visualization	T169	C0234621
27793568	364	371	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27793568	373	384	Microscopic	T080	C0205288
27793568	385	392	studies	T062	C2603343
27793568	417	422	novel	T080	C0205314
27793568	423	438	triazapentalene	T109	C3253155
27793568	441	448	labeled	T080	C1708632
27793568	449	458	compounds	T103	C1706082
27793568	469	479	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27793568	480	488	activity	T169	C0205177
27793568	497	500	KSP	T116,T123	C1173400
27793568	504	518	cultured cells	T025	C0007635
27793568	542	553	information	T078	C1533716
27793568	569	582	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27793568	583	595	distribution	T169	C1704711

27793676|t|Hormonal and testicular changes in rats submitted to congenital hypothyroidism in early life
27793676|a|The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of hypothyroidism induced by MMI, during gestation (G) or gestation plus lactation (GL) on testis and its relation with leptin in rats. Six to eight pups were killed at 90 days of age. For statistical analysis One-way ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sìdak post hoc test was used. Hypothyroidism resulted in a significant reduction in LH, FSH and testosterone and an increase in leptin serum levels (p < 0.04). There was a significant decrease in StAR, AR, FSHR, LHR, pSTAT3 and SOCS3 (p < 0.04) protein expression and in the fertility parameters (p < 0.04). We can conclude that hypothyroidism is associated with reduction of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis leading to a low fertility potential in these animals. This outcome could be a consequence of low pituitary stimulus and testicular response and probably are not related with leptin hormone since its signaling pathway is down-regulated in the testis.
27793676	0	8	Hormonal	T059	C0441683
27793676	13	23	testicular	T023	C0039597
27793676	24	31	changes	T169	C0392747
27793676	35	39	rats	T015	C0034721
27793676	53	78	congenital hypothyroidism	T047	C0010308
27793676	82	92	early life	T078	C0376558
27793676	97	101	goal	T078	C1947946
27793676	110	115	study	T059	C0947630
27793676	123	131	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27793676	136	145	influence	T077	C4054723
27793676	149	163	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
27793676	164	171	induced	T046	C0007994
27793676	175	178	MMI	T109,T121	C0025644
27793676	187	196	gestation	T040	C0032961
27793676	198	199	G	T040	C0032961
27793676	204	213	gestation	T040	C0032961
27793676	219	228	lactation	T042	C0022925
27793676	237	243	testis	T023	C0039597
27793676	266	272	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
27793676	276	280	rats	T015	C0034721
27793676	305	311	killed	T078	C0681205
27793676	318	322	days	T079	C0439228
27793676	326	329	age	T032	C0001779
27793676	335	355	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27793676	356	369	One-way ANOVA	T081	C1709320
27793676	386	410	Holm-Sìdak post hoc test	T170	C0237913
27793676	421	435	Hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
27793676	462	471	reduction	T080	C0392756
27793676	475	477	LH	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
27793676	479	482	FSH	T116,T121,T125	C0733758
27793676	487	499	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27793676	507	538	increase in leptin serum levels	T033	C2747815
27793676	575	583	decrease	T081	C0547047
27793676	587	591	StAR	T116,T123	C1613886
27793676	593	595	AR	T116,T192	C0034786
27793676	597	601	FSHR	T116,T192	C0034806
27793676	603	606	LHR	T116,T192	C0034823
27793676	608	614	pSTAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27793676	619	624	SOCS3	T116,T123	C1527557
27793676	636	654	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27793676	666	675	fertility	T040	C0015895
27793676	676	686	parameters	T077	C0549193
27793676	720	734	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
27793676	738	753	associated with	T080	C0332281
27793676	754	763	reduction	T080	C0392756
27793676	767	782	steroidogenesis	T044	C0597513
27793676	787	802	spermatogenesis	T043	C0037864
27793676	816	839	low fertility potential	T033	C0243095
27793676	849	856	animals	T008	C0003062
27793676	863	870	outcome	T169	C1274040
27793676	882	896	consequence of	T169	C0686907
27793676	897	900	low	T080	C0205251
27793676	901	910	pituitary	T023	C0032005
27793676	911	919	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27793676	924	943	testicular response	T032	C0871261
27793676	978	992	leptin hormone	T116,T125	C0299583
27793676	1003	1020	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27793676	1024	1038	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27793676	1046	1052	testis	T023	C0039597

27793684|t|Electrochemically triggered release of acetylcholine from scCO2 impregnated conductive polymer films evokes intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in neurotypic SH-SY5Y cells
27793684|a|Implantable devices for electronically triggered drug release are attractive to achieve spatial and temporal control over drug concentrations in patients. Realization of such devices is, however, associated with technical and biological challenges. Among these are containment of drug reservoirs, lack of precise control cues, as well as the charge and size of the drug. Here, we present a method for electronically triggered release of the quaternary ammonium cation acetylcholine (ACh) from an impregnated conductive polymer film. Using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), a film of PEDOT/PSS (poly(3,4)-ethylenedioxythiophene doped with poly(styrenesulfonate)) is impregnated with the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The gentle scCO2 process generated a dry, drug - impregnated surface, well suited for interaction with biological material, while maintaining normal electrochemical properties of the polymer. Electrochemical switching of impregnated PEDOT/PSS films stimulated release of ACh from the polymer matrix, likely due to swelling mediated by the influx and efflux of charged and solvated ions. Triggered release of ACh did not affect the biological activity of the drug. This was shown by real-time monitoring of intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in neurotypic cells growing on the impregnated polymer surface. Collectively, scCO2 impregnation of conducting polymers offers the first one-step, dopant-independent drug impregnation process, potentially facilitating loading of both anionic and cationic drugs that can be dissolved in scCO2 on its own or by using a co-solvent. We foresee that scCO2 -loaded devices for electronically triggered drug release will create novel opportunities when generating active bio-coatings, tunable for specific needs, in a variety of medical settings.
27793684	0	27	Electrochemically triggered	T070	C1254365
27793684	28	35	release	T070	C3850077
27793684	39	52	acetylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
27793684	58	63	scCO2	UnknownType	C0175902
27793684	64	75	impregnated	T067	C1522240
27793684	76	86	conductive	T070	C0457405
27793684	87	94	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27793684	95	100	films	T167	C1561572
27793684	108	138	intracellular Ca(2+) signaling	T043	C3158759
27793684	142	152	neurotypic	T169	C3714606
27793684	153	166	SH-SY5Y cells	T025	C0007634
27793684	167	186	Implantable devices	T074	C0687659
27793684	191	228	electronically triggered drug release	T070	C3850077
27793684	255	262	spatial	T082	C0205136
27793684	267	275	temporal	T079	C2362314
27793684	276	283	control	T169	C2587213
27793684	289	308	drug concentrations	T081	C0678756
27793684	312	320	patients	T101	C0030705
27793684	342	349	devices	T074	C0687659
27793684	363	378	associated with	T080	C0332281
27793684	379	388	technical	T067	C1710348
27793684	393	403	biological	T080	C0205460
27793684	404	414	challenges	T169	C0449295
27793684	432	443	containment	T052	C2700400
27793684	447	462	drug reservoirs	UnknownType	C0678758
27793684	464	492	lack of precise control cues	T033	C0243095
27793684	509	515	charge	T081	C0007961
27793684	520	524	size	T082	C0456389
27793684	532	536	drug	T121	C1254351
27793684	557	563	method	T170	C0025663
27793684	568	600	electronically triggered release	T070	C3850077
27793684	608	648	quaternary ammonium cation acetylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
27793684	650	653	ACh	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
27793684	663	674	impregnated	T067	C1522240
27793684	675	685	conductive	T070	C0457405
27793684	686	693	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27793684	694	698	film	T167	C1561572
27793684	706	734	supercritical carbon dioxide	UnknownType	C0175902
27793684	736	741	scCO2	UnknownType	C0175902
27793684	754	763	PEDOT/PSS	T109	C2606153
27793684	765	831	poly(3,4)-ethylenedioxythiophene doped with poly(styrenesulfonate)	T109	C2606153
27793684	836	847	impregnated	T067	C1522240
27793684	857	873	neurotransmitter	T123	C0027908
27793684	874	887	acetylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
27793684	900	905	scCO2	UnknownType	C0175902
27793684	926	929	dry	T080	C0205222
27793684	931	935	drug	T121	C1254351
27793684	938	949	impregnated	T067	C1522240
27793684	950	957	surface	T082	C0205148
27793684	975	986	interaction	T169	C1704675
27793684	992	1011	biological material	T169	C1704781
27793684	1031	1037	normal	T080	C0205307
27793684	1038	1053	electrochemical	T067	C1254366
27793684	1054	1064	properties	T080	C0871161
27793684	1072	1079	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27793684	1081	1106	Electrochemical switching	T067	C1254366
27793684	1110	1121	impregnated	T067	C1522240
27793684	1122	1131	PEDOT/PSS	T109	C2606153
27793684	1132	1137	films	T167	C1561572
27793684	1138	1156	stimulated release	T169	C0391871
27793684	1160	1163	ACh	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
27793684	1173	1180	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27793684	1181	1187	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27793684	1203	1211	swelling	T033	C0038999
27793684	1228	1234	influx	T044	C1148560
27793684	1239	1245	efflux	T044	C1148560
27793684	1249	1274	charged and solvated ions	T196	C0022023
27793684	1276	1293	Triggered release	T070	C3850077
27793684	1297	1300	ACh	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
27793684	1309	1315	affect	T048	C0233462
27793684	1320	1351	biological activity of the drug	T169	C0599112
27793684	1371	1391	real-time monitoring	T062	C0242481
27793684	1395	1425	intracellular Ca(2+) signaling	T043	C3158759
27793684	1429	1445	neurotypic cells	T025	C0027882
27793684	1461	1472	impregnated	T067	C1522240
27793684	1473	1480	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27793684	1481	1488	surface	T082	C0205148
27793684	1504	1509	scCO2	UnknownType	C0175902
27793684	1510	1522	impregnation	T067	C1522240
27793684	1526	1536	conducting	T070	C0457405
27793684	1537	1545	polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27793684	1563	1571	one-step	T078	C1254370
27793684	1573	1591	dopant-independent	T033	C0243095
27793684	1592	1596	drug	T121	C1254351
27793684	1597	1617	impregnation process	T067	C1522240
27793684	1619	1630	potentially	T080	C3245505
27793684	1660	1686	anionic and cationic drugs	T121	C1254351
27793684	1699	1708	dissolved	T059	C3830465
27793684	1712	1717	scCO2	UnknownType	C0175902
27793684	1743	1753	co-solvent	T130	C0037638
27793684	1771	1776	scCO2	UnknownType	C0175902
27793684	1785	1792	devices	T074	C0687659
27793684	1797	1834	electronically triggered drug release	T070	C3850077
27793684	1883	1889	active	T169	C0205177
27793684	1890	1902	bio-coatings	T121,T122	C0304222
27793684	1948	1964	medical settings	T074	C0237914

27793722|t|Maternal thyroid hormones enhance hatching success but decrease nestling body mass in the rock pigeon (Columba livia)
27793722|a|Thyroid hormones (THs) - triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) - are essential for embryonic development in vertebrates. All vertebrate embryos are exposed to THs from maternal origin. As maternal TH levels are known to be essential to embryonic development, the natural variation of maternal THs probably represents a pathway of maternal effects that can modify offspring phenotype. However, potential fitness consequences of variation of maternal TH exposure within the normal physiological range and without confounding effects of the mother have never been experimentally investigated. We experimentally manipulated the levels of yolk T3 and T4 within the physiological range in a species in which the embryo develops outside the mother's body, the Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) eggs. Making use of the natural difference of yolk testosterone between the two eggs of pigeon clutches, we were also able to investigate the potential interaction between THs and testosterone. Elevated yolk TH levels enhanced embryonic development and hatching success, and reduced body mass but not tarsus length between day 14 and fledging. The yolk hormones increased plasma T4 concentrations in females but reduced it in males, in line with the effect on metabolic rate at hatching. Plasma concentrations of T3 and testosterone were not significantly affected. The effects of treatment did not differ between eggs with high or low testosterone levels. Our data indicate that natural variation in maternal yolk TH levels affects offspring phenotype and embryonic survival, potentially influencing maternal and chick fitness.
27793722	0	8	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27793722	9	25	thyroid hormones	T116,T125	C0040135
27793722	26	33	enhance	T052	C2349975
27793722	34	42	hatching	T040	C0598016
27793722	43	50	success	T054	C0597535
27793722	55	63	decrease	T081	C0547047
27793722	64	82	nestling body mass	T033	C0518010
27793722	90	101	rock pigeon	T012	C0999232
27793722	103	116	Columba livia	T012	C0999232
27793722	118	134	Thyroid hormones	T116,T125	C0040135
27793722	136	139	THs	T116,T125	C0040135
27793722	143	159	triiodothyronine	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
27793722	161	163	T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
27793722	169	178	thyroxine	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
27793722	180	182	T4	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
27793722	190	199	essential	T080	C0205224
27793722	204	225	embryonic development	T042	C0013936
27793722	229	240	vertebrates	T010	C0042567
27793722	246	256	vertebrate	T010	C0042567
27793722	257	264	embryos	T018	C0013935
27793722	269	279	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27793722	280	283	THs	T116,T125	C0040135
27793722	289	304	maternal origin	T033	C1858460
27793722	309	317	maternal	T033	C1858460
27793722	318	320	TH	T116,T125	C0040135
27793722	321	327	levels	T080	C0441889
27793722	344	353	essential	T080	C0205224
27793722	357	378	embryonic development	T042	C0013936
27793722	384	391	natural	T169	C0205296
27793722	392	401	variation	T080	C0205419
27793722	405	413	maternal	T033	C1858460
27793722	414	417	THs	T116,T125	C0040135
27793722	440	447	pathway	T077	C1705987
27793722	451	467	maternal effects	T045	C4277511
27793722	477	483	modify	T169	C3242344
27793722	484	493	offspring	T012	C3669677
27793722	494	503	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27793722	514	523	potential	T080	C3245505
27793722	524	531	fitness	T078	C0031812
27793722	532	544	consequences	T169	C0686907
27793722	548	557	variation	T080	C0205419
27793722	561	569	maternal	T033	C1858460
27793722	570	572	TH	T116,T125	C0040135
27793722	573	581	exposure	T080	C0332157
27793722	593	599	normal	T080	C0205307
27793722	600	619	physiological range	T039	C0031843
27793722	632	651	confounding effects	T169	C0009673
27793722	659	665	mother	T078	C1546508
27793722	714	728	experimentally	T080	C1517586
27793722	729	740	manipulated	T169	C2587213
27793722	745	751	levels	T080	C0441889
27793722	755	759	yolk	T026	C2610566
27793722	760	762	T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
27793722	767	769	T4	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
27793722	781	800	physiological range	T039	C0031843
27793722	806	813	species	T185	C1705920
27793722	827	833	embryo	T018	C0013935
27793722	834	842	develops	T040	C0678723
27793722	843	850	outside	T082	C0205101
27793722	855	863	mother's	T078	C1546508
27793722	864	868	body	T017	C1268086
27793722	874	885	Rock Pigeon	T012	C0999232
27793722	887	900	Columba livia	T012	C0999232
27793722	902	906	eggs	T167	C3687776
27793722	926	933	natural	T169	C0205296
27793722	934	944	difference	T080	C1705242
27793722	948	952	yolk	T026	C2610566
27793722	953	965	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27793722	982	986	eggs	T167	C3687776
27793722	990	996	pigeon	T012	C0999232
27793722	997	1005	clutches	T167	C3687776
27793722	1028	1039	investigate	T169	C1292732
27793722	1044	1053	potential	T080	C3245505
27793722	1054	1065	interaction	T043	C0007582
27793722	1074	1077	THs	T116,T125	C0040135
27793722	1082	1094	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27793722	1096	1104	Elevated	T080	C3163633
27793722	1105	1109	yolk	T026	C2610566
27793722	1110	1112	TH	T116,T125	C0040135
27793722	1113	1119	levels	T080	C0441889
27793722	1120	1128	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27793722	1129	1150	embryonic development	T042	C0013936
27793722	1155	1163	hatching	T040	C0598016
27793722	1164	1171	success	T054	C0597535
27793722	1177	1184	reduced	T080	C0392756
27793722	1185	1194	body mass	T033	C0518010
27793722	1203	1209	tarsus	T029	C0003086
27793722	1210	1216	length	T081	C1444754
27793722	1236	1244	fledging	T067	C0677530
27793722	1250	1254	yolk	T026	C2610566
27793722	1255	1263	hormones	T125	C0019932
27793722	1264	1273	increased	T081	C0205217
27793722	1274	1280	plasma	T031	C0032105
27793722	1281	1283	T4	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
27793722	1284	1298	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27793722	1302	1309	females	T032	C0086287
27793722	1314	1321	reduced	T080	C0392756
27793722	1328	1333	males	T032	C0086582
27793722	1352	1358	effect	T080	C1280500
27793722	1362	1376	metabolic rate	T039	C0870882
27793722	1380	1388	hatching	T040	C0598016
27793722	1390	1396	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27793722	1397	1411	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27793722	1415	1417	T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
27793722	1422	1434	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27793722	1444	1457	significantly	T078	C0750502
27793722	1458	1466	affected	T169	C0392760
27793722	1472	1482	effects of	T080	C1704420
27793722	1483	1492	treatment	T169	C1522326
27793722	1501	1507	differ	T080	C1705242
27793722	1516	1520	eggs	T167	C3687776
27793722	1526	1530	high	T080	C0205250
27793722	1534	1537	low	T080	C0205251
27793722	1538	1557	testosterone levels	T059	C0523912
27793722	1563	1567	data	T078	C1511726
27793722	1582	1589	natural	T169	C0205296
27793722	1590	1599	variation	T080	C0205419
27793722	1603	1611	maternal	T033	C1858460
27793722	1612	1616	yolk	T026	C2610566
27793722	1617	1619	TH	T116,T125	C0040135
27793722	1620	1626	levels	T080	C0441889
27793722	1635	1644	offspring	T012	C3669677
27793722	1645	1654	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27793722	1659	1668	embryonic	T018	C0013935
27793722	1669	1677	survival	T052	C0038952
27793722	1691	1702	influencing	T077	C4054723
27793722	1703	1711	maternal	T033	C1858460
27793722	1716	1721	chick	T012	C3669677
27793722	1722	1729	fitness	T078	C0031812

27794068|t|C4b binding protein negatively regulates TLR1 / 2 response
27794068|a|TLR2 associates with TLR1 and recognizes microbial lipoproteins. Pam3CSK4, a triacylated lipoprotein, is anchored to the extracellular domain of TLR1 and TLR2 and induces pro-inflammatory signals. Here we show that C4b binding protein (C4BP), which is a complement pathway inhibitor, is a TLR2 -associated molecule. Immunoprecipitation assay using anti-TLR2 mAb shows that C4BP binds to TLR2. In C4BP-deficient mice, Pam3CSK4 - induced IL-6 levels were increased compared with wild type mice. In C4BP - expressing cells, Pam3CSK4 - induced IL-8 production was reduced depending on the C4BP expression levels. These results reveal the important role of C4BP in negative regulation of TLR1 / 2 - dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Furthermore, using a fluorescent conjugated Pam3CSK4, we show that C4BP blocks the binding of Pam3CSK4 to TLR1 / 2. Finally, we show that exogenous C4BP also inhibits Pam3CSK4 - induced signaling leading to IL-8 production. Our results indicate C4BP binding to TLR2 and consequent neutralization of its activity otherwise inducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. C4BP is a negative regulator of TLR1 / 2 activity.
27794068	0	19	C4b binding protein	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	20	40	negatively regulates	T044	C0013081
27794068	41	45	TLR1	T116,T192	C0971363
27794068	48	49	2	T116,T192	C0754728
27794068	50	58	response	T032	C0871261
27794068	59	63	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
27794068	64	79	associates with	T080	C0332281
27794068	80	84	TLR1	T116,T192	C0971363
27794068	100	109	microbial	T001	C0599840
27794068	110	122	lipoproteins	T116,T123	C0023820
27794068	124	132	Pam3CSK4	T116,T123	C1698795
27794068	136	159	triacylated lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023820
27794068	164	172	anchored	T044	C1624581
27794068	180	200	extracellular domain	T082	C1517050
27794068	204	208	TLR1	T116,T192	C0971363
27794068	213	217	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
27794068	222	229	induces	T169	C0205263
27794068	230	246	pro-inflammatory	T046	C0021368
27794068	247	254	signals	T038	C3537152
27794068	274	293	C4b binding protein	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	295	299	C4BP	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	313	331	complement pathway	T044	C1305430
27794068	332	341	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27794068	348	352	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
27794068	375	400	Immunoprecipitation assay	T059	C0021069
27794068	407	420	anti-TLR2 mAb	T129	C0021054
27794068	432	436	C4BP	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	437	445	binds to	T044	C1167622
27794068	446	450	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
27794068	455	469	C4BP-deficient	T028	C1413001
27794068	470	474	mice	T015	C0206745
27794068	476	484	Pam3CSK4	T116,T123	C1698795
27794068	487	494	induced	T169	C0205263
27794068	495	499	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27794068	500	506	levels	T080	C0441889
27794068	512	521	increased	T081	C0205217
27794068	522	530	compared	T052	C1707455
27794068	536	550	wild type mice	T015	C0025929
27794068	555	559	C4BP	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	562	572	expressing	T045	C1171362
27794068	573	578	cells	T025	C0007634
27794068	580	588	Pam3CSK4	T116,T123	C1698795
27794068	591	598	induced	T169	C0205263
27794068	599	614	IL-8 production	T040	C1819461
27794068	619	626	reduced	T080	C0392756
27794068	644	648	C4BP	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	649	666	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27794068	682	688	reveal	T080	C0443289
27794068	711	715	C4BP	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	719	738	negative regulation	T044	C0013081
27794068	742	746	TLR1	T116,T192	C0971363
27794068	749	750	2	T116,T192	C0754728
27794068	753	762	dependent	T116,T129	C0079189
27794068	763	779	pro-inflammatory	T046	C0021368
27794068	780	799	cytokine production	T040	C1327413
27794068	822	844	fluorescent conjugated	T130	C0016321
27794068	845	853	Pam3CSK4	T116,T123	C1698795
27794068	868	872	C4BP	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	873	879	blocks	T169	C0332206
27794068	884	894	binding of	T044	C1167622
27794068	895	903	Pam3CSK4	T116,T123	C1698795
27794068	907	911	TLR1	T116,T192	C0971363
27794068	914	915	2	T116,T192	C0754728
27794068	939	948	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27794068	949	953	C4BP	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	959	967	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27794068	968	976	Pam3CSK4	T116,T123	C1698795
27794068	979	996	induced signaling	T044	C1511122
27794068	1008	1023	IL-8 production	T040	C1819461
27794068	1046	1050	C4BP	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	1051	1061	binding to	T044	C1167622
27794068	1062	1066	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
27794068	1071	1081	consequent	T033	C3845876
27794068	1082	1096	neutralization	T169	C2987668
27794068	1104	1112	activity	T044	C1152633
27794068	1132	1148	pro-inflammatory	T046	C0021368
27794068	1149	1168	cytokine production	T040	C1327413
27794068	1170	1174	C4BP	T116,T129	C0056193
27794068	1180	1198	negative regulator	T044	C0013081
27794068	1202	1206	TLR1	T116,T192	C0971363
27794068	1209	1210	2	T116,T192	C0754728
27794068	1211	1219	activity	T044	C1152633

27794081|t|Reduced Chest and Abdominal Wall Mobility and Their Relationship to Lung Function, Respiratory Muscle Strength, and Exercise Tolerance in Subjects With COPD
27794081|a|Advanced air-flow limitation in patients with COPD leads to a reduction in vital capacity, respiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity. However, its impact on chest and abdominal wall mobility is unknown. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of patients with COPD with reduced chest and abdominal wall mobility and to investigate the effect of reduced chest and abdominal wall mobility on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity. In 51 elderly male subjects with COPD, chest and abdominal wall mobility, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax), maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax), and the 6-min walk distance (6MWD) were assessed. Chest and abdominal wall mobility were measured using the breathing movement scale (0-8) at the 3 regions (upper chest, lower chest, and abdomen). Reduced mobility was defined as a value lower than the lower limit of the normal scale. The unpaired t test, Mann-Whitney test, and multiple regression analysis were performed. The percentages of subjects with reduced mobility were 78% for the upper chest, 76% for the lower chest, and 53% for the abdomen. The subjects with reduced mobility had significantly low FVC, FEV1, and 6MWD in each region and significantly low FEV1/FVC, PImax, and PEmax in the abdominal region compared with those with nonreduced mobility. FVC and 6MWD were independently associated with the scale values in each region and with the abdominal scale value, respectively. The majority of subjects with COPD had reduced chest and abdominal wall mobility, which was independently associated with FVC. Even though abdominal wall mobility was relatively preserved compared with chest wall mobility, it was also independently associated with 6MWD.
27794081	0	13	Reduced Chest	T033	C0577943
27794081	18	32	Abdominal Wall	T023	C0836916
27794081	33	41	Mobility	T080	C0449580
27794081	52	64	Relationship	T080	C0439849
27794081	68	81	Lung Function	T039	C0035245
27794081	83	94	Respiratory	T169	C0521346
27794081	95	110	Muscle Strength	T042	C0517349
27794081	116	134	Exercise Tolerance	T201	C0162521
27794081	138	146	Subjects	T096	C0681850
27794081	152	156	COPD	T047	C0024117
27794081	166	174	air-flow	T039	C0231999
27794081	175	185	limitation	T169	C0449295
27794081	189	197	patients	T101	C0030705
27794081	203	207	COPD	T047	C0024117
27794081	219	228	reduction	T080	C0392756
27794081	232	246	vital capacity	T201	C0042834
27794081	248	259	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27794081	260	275	muscle strength	T042	C0517349
27794081	281	298	exercise capacity	T201	C0162521
27794081	323	328	chest	T029	C0817096
27794081	333	347	abdominal wall	T023	C0836916
27794081	348	356	mobility	T080	C0449580
27794081	360	367	unknown	T080	C0439673
27794081	403	413	prevalence	T081	C0033106
27794081	417	425	patients	T101	C0030705
27794081	431	435	COPD	T047	C0024117
27794081	441	454	reduced chest	T033	C0577943
27794081	459	473	abdominal wall	T023	C0836916
27794081	474	482	mobility	T080	C0449580
27794081	490	501	investigate	T169	C1292732
27794081	506	512	effect	T080	C1280500
27794081	516	529	reduced chest	T033	C0577943
27794081	534	548	abdominal wall	T023	C0836916
27794081	549	557	mobility	T080	C0449580
27794081	561	579	pulmonary function	T039	C0035245
27794081	581	592	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27794081	593	608	muscle strength	T042	C0517349
27794081	614	631	exercise capacity	T201	C0162521
27794081	639	646	elderly	T098	C0001792
27794081	647	651	male	T032	C0086582
27794081	652	660	subjects	T096	C0681850
27794081	666	670	COPD	T047	C0024117
27794081	672	677	chest	T029	C0817096
27794081	682	696	abdominal wall	T023	C0836916
27794081	697	705	mobility	T080	C0449580
27794081	707	710	FVC	T034	C3714541
27794081	712	716	FEV1	T060	C0849974
27794081	718	726	FEV1/FVC	T059	C3815113
27794081	728	756	maximal inspiratory pressure	T060	C4083126
27794081	758	763	PImax	T060	C4083126
27794081	766	793	maximal expiratory pressure	T060	C4082175
27794081	795	800	PEmax	T060	C4082175
27794081	811	830	6-min walk distance	T060	C0430515
27794081	832	836	6MWD	T060	C0430515
27794081	843	851	assessed	T052	C1516048
27794081	853	858	Chest	T023	C0205076
27794081	863	877	abdominal wall	T023	C0836916
27794081	878	886	mobility	T080	C0449580
27794081	892	900	measured	T080	C0444706
27794081	911	920	breathing	T040	C0004048
27794081	921	935	movement scale	T059	C0022885
27794081	951	958	regions	T029	C0005898
27794081	960	971	upper chest	T029	C0446469
27794081	973	984	lower chest	T029	C0446470
27794081	990	997	abdomen	T029	C0000726
27794081	1000	1016	Reduced mobility	T033	C0700572
27794081	1034	1039	value	T081	C1522609
27794081	1040	1045	lower	T052	C2003888
27794081	1055	1086	lower limit of the normal scale	T081	C1518030
27794081	1092	1107	unpaired t test	T170	C1710574
27794081	1109	1126	Mann-Whitney test	T170	C1708930
27794081	1132	1160	multiple regression analysis	T080	C0681923
27794081	1166	1175	performed	T169	C0884358
27794081	1181	1192	percentages	T081	C0439165
27794081	1196	1204	subjects	T096	C0681850
27794081	1210	1226	reduced mobility	T033	C0700572
27794081	1244	1255	upper chest	T029	C0446469
27794081	1269	1280	lower chest	T029	C0446470
27794081	1298	1305	abdomen	T029	C0000726
27794081	1311	1319	subjects	T096	C0681850
27794081	1325	1341	reduced mobility	T033	C0700572
27794081	1346	1363	significantly low	T081	C4055638
27794081	1364	1367	FVC	T034	C3714541
27794081	1369	1373	FEV1	T060	C0849974
27794081	1379	1383	6MWD	T060	C0430515
27794081	1392	1398	region	T029	C0005898
27794081	1403	1420	significantly low	T081	C4055638
27794081	1421	1429	FEV1/FVC	T059	C3815113
27794081	1431	1436	PImax	T060	C4083126
27794081	1442	1447	PEmax	T060	C4082175
27794081	1455	1471	abdominal region	T029	C1720043
27794081	1472	1480	compared	T052	C1707455
27794081	1508	1516	mobility	T080	C0449580
27794081	1518	1521	FVC	T034	C3714541
27794081	1526	1530	6MWD	T060	C0430515
27794081	1550	1565	associated with	T080	C0332281
27794081	1570	1582	scale values	T080	C0042295
27794081	1591	1597	region	T029	C0005898
27794081	1611	1620	abdominal	T029	C0000726
27794081	1621	1632	scale value	T080	C0042295
27794081	1664	1672	subjects	T096	C0681850
27794081	1678	1682	COPD	T047	C0024117
27794081	1687	1700	reduced chest	T033	C0577943
27794081	1705	1719	abdominal wall	T023	C0836916
27794081	1720	1728	mobility	T080	C0449580
27794081	1754	1769	associated with	T080	C0332281
27794081	1770	1773	FVC	T034	C3714541
27794081	1787	1801	abdominal wall	T023	C0836916
27794081	1802	1810	mobility	T080	C0449580
27794081	1836	1844	compared	T052	C1707455
27794081	1850	1860	chest wall	T023	C0205076
27794081	1861	1869	mobility	T080	C0449580
27794081	1897	1912	associated with	T080	C0332281
27794081	1913	1917	6MWD	T060	C0430515

27794108|t|FGF21 is a biomarker for mitochondrial translation and mtDNA maintenance disorders
27794108|a|To validate new mitochondrial myopathy serum biomarkers for diagnostic use. We analyzed serum FGF21 (S-FGF21) and GDF15 from patients with (1) mitochondrial diseases and (2) nonmitochondrial disorders partially overlapping with mitochondrial disorder phenotypes. We (3) did a meta-analysis of S-FGF21 in mitochondrial disease and (4) analyzed S-Fgf21 and skeletal muscle Fgf21 expression in 6 mouse models with different muscle - manifesting mitochondrial dysfunctions. We report that S-FGF21 consistently increases in primary mitochondrial myopathy, especially in patients with mitochondrial translation defects or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions (675 and 347 pg/mL, respectively; controls: 66 pg/mL, p < 0.0001 for both). This is corroborated in mice (mtDNA deletions 1,163 vs 379 pg/mL, p < 0.0001). However, patients and mice with structural respiratory chain subunit or assembly factor defects showed low induction (human 335 pg/mL, p < 0.05; mice 335 pg/mL, not significant). Overall specificities of FGF21 and GDF15 to find patients with mitochondrial myopathy were 89.3% vs 86.4%, and sensitivities 67.3% and 76.0%, respectively. However, GDF15 was increased also in a wide range of nonmitochondrial conditions. S-FGF21 is a specific biomarker for muscle - manifesting defects of mitochondrial translation, including mitochondrial transfer-RNA mutations and primary and secondary mtDNA deletions, the most common causes of mitochondrial disease. However, normal S-FGF21 does not exclude structural respiratory chain complex or assembly factor defects, important to acknowledge in diagnostics. This study provides Class III evidence that elevated S-FGF21 accurately distinguishes patients with mitochondrial myopathies from patients with other conditions, and FGF21 and GDF15 mitochondrial myopathy from other myopathies.
27794108	0	5	FGF21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	11	20	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27794108	25	50	mitochondrial translation	T045	C2245743
27794108	55	60	mtDNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27794108	61	72	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27794108	73	82	disorders	T047	C0012634
27794108	99	121	mitochondrial myopathy	T019,T047	C0162670
27794108	122	127	serum	T031	C0229671
27794108	128	138	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27794108	143	157	diagnostic use	T060	C0011933
27794108	162	170	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27794108	171	176	serum	T031	C0229671
27794108	177	182	FGF21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	184	191	S-FGF21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	197	202	GDF15	T116,T123	C1431343
27794108	208	216	patients	T101	C0030705
27794108	226	248	mitochondrial diseases	T047	C0751651
27794108	257	283	nonmitochondrial disorders	T047	C0012634
27794108	284	293	partially	T081	C0728938
27794108	294	305	overlapping	T079	C1948020
27794108	311	333	mitochondrial disorder	T047	C0751651
27794108	334	344	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27794108	359	372	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27794108	376	383	S-FGF21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	387	408	mitochondrial disease	T047	C0751651
27794108	417	425	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27794108	426	433	S-Fgf21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	438	453	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27794108	454	459	Fgf21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	460	470	expression	T045	C0017262
27794108	476	481	mouse	T015	C0025929
27794108	482	488	models	T008	C0599779
27794108	494	503	different	T080	C1705242
27794108	504	510	muscle	T024	C0026845
27794108	513	524	manifesting	T169	C0205319
27794108	525	551	mitochondrial dysfunctions	T033	C4021734
27794108	568	575	S-FGF21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	589	598	increases	T169	C0442805
27794108	602	609	primary	T080	C0205225
27794108	610	632	mitochondrial myopathy	T019,T047	C0162670
27794108	648	656	patients	T101	C0030705
27794108	662	687	mitochondrial translation	T045	C2245743
27794108	688	695	defects	T019	C0000768
27794108	699	734	mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions	T033	C4313882
27794108	769	777	controls	T096	C0009932
27794108	835	839	mice	T015	C0025929
27794108	841	856	mtDNA deletions	T033	C4313882
27794108	899	907	patients	T101	C0030705
27794108	912	916	mice	T015	C0025929
27794108	922	985	structural respiratory chain subunit or assembly factor defects	T019	C0000768
27794108	993	996	low	T080	C0205251
27794108	997	1006	induction	T169	C0205263
27794108	1008	1013	human	T016	C0086418
27794108	1035	1039	mice	T015	C0025929
27794108	1051	1066	not significant	T033	C1273937
27794108	1069	1076	Overall	T080	C1561607
27794108	1077	1090	specificities	T081	C0037791
27794108	1094	1099	FGF21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	1104	1109	GDF15	T116,T123	C1431343
27794108	1118	1126	patients	T101	C0030705
27794108	1132	1154	mitochondrial myopathy	T019,T047	C0162670
27794108	1180	1193	sensitivities	T081	C1511883
27794108	1234	1239	GDF15	T116,T123	C1431343
27794108	1244	1253	increased	T081	C0205217
27794108	1278	1305	nonmitochondrial conditions	T080	C0348080
27794108	1307	1314	S-FGF21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	1320	1328	specific	T080	C0205369
27794108	1329	1338	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27794108	1343	1349	muscle	T024	C0026845
27794108	1352	1363	manifesting	T169	C0205319
27794108	1364	1371	defects	T019	C0000768
27794108	1375	1400	mitochondrial translation	T045	C2245743
27794108	1412	1425	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27794108	1426	1438	transfer-RNA	T114,T123	C0035711
27794108	1439	1448	mutations	T045	C0026882
27794108	1453	1460	primary	T080	C0205225
27794108	1465	1474	secondary	T080	C0175668
27794108	1475	1490	mtDNA deletions	T033	C4313882
27794108	1508	1514	causes	T169	C0015127
27794108	1518	1539	mitochondrial disease	T047	C0751651
27794108	1550	1556	normal	T080	C0205307
27794108	1557	1564	S-FGF21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	1570	1573	not	T033	C1513916
27794108	1574	1581	exclude	T169	C0332196
27794108	1582	1645	structural respiratory chain complex or assembly factor defects	T019	C0000768
27794108	1675	1686	diagnostics	T060	C0430022
27794108	1693	1698	study	T062	C2603343
27794108	1708	1717	Class III	T170	C0441887
27794108	1718	1726	evidence	T078	C3887511
27794108	1732	1740	elevated	T080	C3163633
27794108	1741	1748	S-FGF21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	1774	1782	patients	T101	C0030705
27794108	1788	1812	mitochondrial myopathies	T019,T047	C0162670
27794108	1818	1826	patients	T101	C0030705
27794108	1838	1848	conditions	T080	C0348080
27794108	1854	1859	FGF21	T116,T123	C3887831
27794108	1864	1869	GDF15	T116,T123	C1431343
27794108	1870	1892	mitochondrial myopathy	T019,T047	C0162670
27794108	1904	1914	myopathies	T047	C0026848

27794223|t|Semi-preparative HPLC separation followed by HPLC/UV and tandem mass spectrometric analysis of phorbol esters in Jatropha seed
27794223|a|Phorbol esters (PEs) are well known as the main toxic compounds in Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (JCL), the seed oil of which has been considered as a major feedstock for the production of biodiesel. In the present study, we investigated a series of PEs extracted from JCL seed kernels with methanol (MeOH), and identified more than seven components contained in the PEs. The isolation of main five components of a series of PEs was revised using a semi-preparative reversed phase HPLC analysis of ODS-3 column. The five peaks of components were successfully isolated, and peaks of J2, J3, J5, and J7 were assigned to be Jatropha factors C1, C2, C3, and C4/5, but J6 was a mixture of Jatropha factor C6 and its isomer based on the data of UV and LC-MS / MS, and J2 was identified using (1)H NMR analysis. By characterization using LC-MS / MS analysis, all components of a series of PEs were elucidated to be the 12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol esters composed of isomeric form of dicarboxylic groups with same m/z value of 380.
27794223	0	32	Semi-preparative HPLC separation	T059	C0008562
27794223	33	44	followed by	T079	C0332283
27794223	45	52	HPLC/UV	T059	C4054774
27794223	57	91	tandem mass spectrometric analysis	T063	C0599748
27794223	95	109	phorbol esters	T109,T131	C0031586
27794223	113	121	Jatropha	T002	C0330579
27794223	122	126	seed	T002	C0036563
27794223	127	141	Phorbol esters	T109,T131	C0031586
27794223	143	146	PEs	T109,T131	C0031586
27794223	152	162	well known	T080	C0205309
27794223	170	174	main	T080	C1542147
27794223	175	180	toxic	T080	C1407029
27794223	181	190	compounds	T131	C1254354
27794223	194	218	Jatropha curcas Linnaeus	T002	C0330580
27794223	220	223	JCL	T002	C0330580
27794223	230	238	seed oil	T109,T123	C0032085
27794223	257	267	considered	T078	C0750591
27794223	273	278	major	T080	C0205164
27794223	297	307	production	T057	C0033268
27794223	311	320	biodiesel	T109	C2717894
27794223	337	342	study	T062	C0681814
27794223	347	359	investigated	T169	C1292732
27794223	362	368	series	T081	C0205549
27794223	372	375	PEs	T109,T131	C0031586
27794223	376	385	extracted	T061	C0185115
27794223	391	394	JCL	T002	C0330580
27794223	395	407	seed kernels	T002	C0036563
27794223	413	421	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27794223	423	427	MeOH	T109,T131	C0001963
27794223	434	444	identified	T080	C0205396
27794223	461	471	components	T131	C1254354
27794223	472	481	contained	T052	C2700400
27794223	489	492	PEs	T109,T131	C0031586
27794223	498	507	isolation	T169	C0205409
27794223	521	531	components	T131	C1254354
27794223	537	543	series	T081	C0205549
27794223	547	550	PEs	T109,T131	C0031586
27794223	555	562	revised	T061	C1527075
27794223	571	616	semi-preparative reversed phase HPLC analysis	T059	C2717789
27794223	620	632	ODS-3 column	T074	C0179909
27794223	643	648	peaks	T169	C1534709
27794223	652	662	components	T131	C1254354
27794223	681	689	isolated	T169	C0205409
27794223	695	700	peaks	T169	C1534709
27794223	704	706	J2	T169	C1534709
27794223	708	710	J3	T169	C1534709
27794223	712	714	J5	T169	C1534709
27794223	720	722	J7	T169	C1534709
27794223	728	736	assigned	T169	C1516050
27794223	743	751	Jatropha	T002	C0330579
27794223	752	759	factors	T169	C1521761
27794223	760	762	C1	T131	C1254354
27794223	764	766	C2	T131	C1254354
27794223	768	770	C3	T131	C1254354
27794223	776	780	C4/5	T131	C1254354
27794223	786	788	J6	T131	C1254354
27794223	795	802	mixture	T167	C0439962
27794223	806	814	Jatropha	T002	C0330579
27794223	815	821	factor	T169	C1521761
27794223	822	824	C6	T131	C1254354
27794223	833	839	isomer	T070	C0022203
27794223	853	857	data	T078	C1511726
27794223	861	863	UV	T059	C0260250
27794223	868	873	LC-MS	T059	C0920568
27794223	876	878	MS	T059	C0037813
27794223	891	901	identified	T080	C0205396
27794223	908	925	(1)H NMR analysis	T060	C3850001
27794223	930	946	characterization	T052	C1880022
27794223	953	958	LC-MS	T059	C0920568
27794223	961	972	MS analysis	T059	C0920568
27794223	978	988	components	T131	C1254354
27794223	994	1000	series	T081	C0205549
27794223	1004	1007	PEs	T109,T131	C0031586
27794223	1034	1067	12-deoxy-16-hydroxyphorbol esters	T131	C1254354
27794223	1080	1093	isomeric form	T070	C0022203
27794223	1097	1116	dicarboxylic groups	T120	C1254355
27794223	1127	1130	m/z	T067	C1705291

27794263|t|Aging-related impairments of hippocampal mossy fibers synapses on CA3 pyramidal cells
27794263|a|The network interaction between the dentate gyrus and area CA3 of the hippocampus is responsible for pattern separation, a process that underlies the formation of new memories, and which is naturally diminished in the aged brain. At the cellular level, aging is accompanied by a progression of biochemical modifications that ultimately affects its ability to generate and consolidate long-term potentiation. Although the synapse between dentate gyrus via the mossy fibers (MFs) onto CA3 neurons has been subject of extensive studies, the question of how aging affects the MF-CA3 synapse is still unsolved. Extracellular and whole-cell recordings from acute hippocampal slices of aged Wistar rats (34 ± 2 months old) show that aging is accompanied by a reduction in the interneuron -mediated inhibitory mechanisms of area CA3. Several MF -mediated forms of short-term plasticity, MF long-term potentiation and at least one of the critical signaling cascades necessary for potentiation are also compromised in the aged brain. An analysis of the spontaneous glutamatergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid -mediated currents on CA3 cells reveal a dramatic alteration in amplitude and frequency of the nonevoked events. CA3 cells also exhibited increased intrinsic excitability. Together, these results demonstrate that aging is accompanied by a decrease in the GABAergic inhibition, reduced expression of short - and long-term forms of synaptic plasticity, and increased intrinsic excitability.
27794263	0	25	Aging-related impairments	T040	C1510835
27794263	29	53	hippocampal mossy fibers	T023	C0524817
27794263	54	62	synapses	T030	C0039062
27794263	66	85	CA3 pyramidal cells	T025	C0206441
27794263	90	109	network interaction	T042	C1254358
27794263	122	135	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
27794263	140	148	area CA3	T023	C2717869
27794263	156	167	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27794263	187	205	pattern separation	T041	C0025361
27794263	236	261	formation of new memories	T041	C0025361
27794263	286	296	diminished	T080	C0392756
27794263	304	314	aged brain	T023	C0006104
27794263	339	344	aging	T040	C0001811
27794263	365	376	progression	T169	C0449258
27794263	380	391	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27794263	392	405	modifications	T033	C3840684
27794263	445	453	generate	T052	C3146294
27794263	458	469	consolidate	T080	C0702116
27794263	470	492	long-term potentiation	T042	C0206249
27794263	507	514	synapse	T030	C0039062
27794263	523	536	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
27794263	545	557	mossy fibers	T023	C0524817
27794263	559	562	MFs	T023	C0524817
27794263	569	580	CA3 neurons	T025	C0206441
27794263	640	645	aging	T040	C0001811
27794263	658	672	MF-CA3 synapse	T030	C0039062
27794263	692	705	Extracellular	T026	C0521119
27794263	710	731	whole-cell recordings	T062	C0242624
27794263	743	754	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27794263	755	761	slices	T167	C1519355
27794263	770	781	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
27794263	812	817	aging	T040	C0001811
27794263	838	847	reduction	T080	C0392756
27794263	855	866	interneuron	T025	C0021792
27794263	877	898	inhibitory mechanisms	T042	C1254358
27794263	902	910	area CA3	T023	C2717869
27794263	920	922	MF	T023	C0524817
27794263	942	952	short-term	T079	C0443303
27794263	953	963	plasticity	T042	C0027880
27794263	965	967	MF	T023	C0524817
27794263	968	990	long-term potentiation	T042	C0206249
27794263	1015	1042	critical signaling cascades	T044	C0037080
27794263	1057	1069	potentiation	T042	C1254358
27794263	1098	1108	aged brain	T023	C0006104
27794263	1113	1121	analysis	T062	C0936012
27794263	1141	1154	glutamatergic	T121	C0242899
27794263	1159	1182	gamma-aminobutyric acid	T116,T123	C0016904
27794263	1193	1201	currents	T070	C1254365
27794263	1205	1214	CA3 cells	T025	C0206441
27794263	1233	1243	alteration	T033	C0184524
27794263	1247	1256	amplitude	T081	C0237470
27794263	1261	1270	frequency	T079	C0439603
27794263	1278	1294	nonevoked events	T051	C0441471
27794263	1296	1305	CA3 cells	T025	C0206441
27794263	1321	1353	increased intrinsic excitability	T033	C1562608
27794263	1371	1378	results	T169	C1274040
27794263	1396	1401	aging	T040	C0001811
27794263	1422	1430	decrease	T080	C0392756
27794263	1438	1458	GABAergic inhibition	T042	C2245498
27794263	1460	1467	reduced	T080	C0392756
27794263	1482	1487	short	T079	C0443303
27794263	1494	1503	long-term	T079	C0443252
27794263	1513	1532	synaptic plasticity	T042	C0027880
27794263	1538	1570	increased intrinsic excitability	T033	C1562608

27794381|t|Effect of emodin on mobility signal transduction system of gallbladder smooth muscle in Guinea pig with cholelithiasis
27794381|a|To study the effect of emodin on protein and gene expressions of the massagers in mobility signal transduction system of cholecyst smooth muscle cells in guinea pig with cholesterol calculus. The guinea pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups, such as control group, gall-stone (GS) group, emodin group and ursodeoxycholic acid (UA) group. Cholesterol calculus models were induced in guinea pigs of GS, emodin and UA groups by lithogenic diet, while emodin or UA were given to the corresponding group for 7 weeks. The histomorphological and ultrastructure change of gallbladder were detected by microscope and electron microscope, the content of plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) and [Ca(2+)]i were analyzed successively by radioimmunoassay and flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA of Gsα, Giα and Cap in cholecyst cells were determined by western blotting and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Emodin or UA can relieve pathogenic changes in epithelial cells and muscle cells in gallbladder of guinea pig with cholesterol calculus by microscope and transmission electron microscope. In the cholecyst cells of GS group, CCK levels in plasma and [Ca(2+)]i decreased, the protein and mRNA of GS were down-regulated, the protein and mRNA of Gi and Cap were up-regulated. Emodin significantly decreased the formative rate of gallstone, improved the pathogenic change in epithelial cells and muscle cells, increased CCK levels in plasma and [Ca(2+)]i in cholecyst cells, enhanced the protein and mRNA of Gs in cholecyst cells, reduced the protein and mRNA of Gi and Cap in cholecyst cells in guinea pig with cholesterol calculus. The dysfunction of gallbladder contraction gives rise to the disorders of mobility signal transduction system in cholecyst smooth muscle cells, including low content of plasma CCK and [Ca(2+)]i in cholecyst cells, abnormal protein and mRNA of Gs, Gi and Cap. Emodin can enhance the contractibility of gallbladder and alleviate cholestasis by regulating plasma CCK levels, [Ca(2+)]i in cholecyst cells and the protein and mRNA of Gs, Gi and Cap.
27794381	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27794381	10	16	emodin	T109,T121,T123	C0013982
27794381	20	55	mobility signal transduction system	T043	C0037083
27794381	59	70	gallbladder	T023	C0016976
27794381	71	84	smooth muscle	T024	C1267092
27794381	88	98	Guinea pig	T015	C0085979
27794381	104	118	cholelithiasis	T047	C0008350
27794381	122	127	study	T062	C2603343
27794381	132	138	effect	T080	C1280500
27794381	142	148	emodin	T109,T121,T123	C0013982
27794381	152	159	protein	T045	C1171362
27794381	164	180	gene expressions	T045	C0017262
27794381	188	197	massagers	UnknownType	C0815029
27794381	201	236	mobility signal transduction system	T043	C0037083
27794381	240	249	cholecyst	T023	C0016976
27794381	250	269	smooth muscle cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	273	283	guinea pig	T015	C0085979
27794381	289	309	cholesterol calculus	T031	C0333018
27794381	315	326	guinea pigs	T015	C0085979
27794381	356	362	groups	T078	C0441833
27794381	372	385	control group	T096	C0009932
27794381	387	397	gall-stone	T047	C1392480
27794381	399	401	GS	T047	C1392480
27794381	403	408	group	T078	C0441833
27794381	410	416	emodin	T109,T121,T123	C0013982
27794381	417	422	group	T078	C0441833
27794381	427	447	ursodeoxycholic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0042105
27794381	449	451	UA	T109,T121,T123	C0042105
27794381	453	458	group	T078	C0441833
27794381	460	480	Cholesterol calculus	T031	C0333018
27794381	481	487	models	T075	C0026336
27794381	504	515	guinea pigs	T015	C0085979
27794381	519	521	GS	T047	C1392480
27794381	523	529	emodin	T109,T121,T123	C0013982
27794381	534	536	UA	T109,T121,T123	C0042105
27794381	537	543	groups	T078	C0441833
27794381	547	562	lithogenic diet	T168	C0012155
27794381	570	576	emodin	T109,T121,T123	C0013982
27794381	580	582	UA	T109,T121,T123	C0042105
27794381	615	620	group	T078	C0441833
27794381	627	632	weeks	T079	C0439230
27794381	638	656	histomorphological	T080	C0332437
27794381	661	675	ultrastructure	T078	C0041623
27794381	676	682	change	T169	C0392747
27794381	686	697	gallbladder	T023	C0016976
27794381	703	711	detected	T033	C0442726
27794381	715	725	microscope	T074	C0181839
27794381	730	749	electron microscope	T074	C0181845
27794381	766	772	plasma	T031	C0032105
27794381	773	788	cholecystokinin	T116,T121,T125	C0008328
27794381	790	793	CCK	T116,T121,T125	C0008328
27794381	799	808	[Ca(2+)]i	T121,T196	C0596235
27794381	814	822	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27794381	839	855	radioimmunoassay	T059	C0034580
27794381	860	874	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27794381	880	887	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27794381	892	896	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27794381	900	903	Gsα	T116,T126	C0086903
27794381	905	908	Giα	T116,T126	C0086706
27794381	913	916	Cap	T116,T123	C0073423
27794381	920	929	cholecyst	T023	C0016976
27794381	930	935	cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	941	954	determined by	T080	C0521095
27794381	955	971	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27794381	976	1011	real time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1709846
27794381	1013	1019	RT-PCR	T063	C1709846
27794381	1022	1028	Emodin	T109,T121,T123	C0013982
27794381	1032	1034	UA	T109,T121,T123	C0042105
27794381	1047	1057	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27794381	1058	1065	changes	T169	C0392747
27794381	1069	1085	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27794381	1090	1102	muscle cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	1106	1117	gallbladder	T023	C0016976
27794381	1121	1131	guinea pig	T015	C0085979
27794381	1137	1157	cholesterol calculus	T031	C0333018
27794381	1161	1171	microscope	T074	C0181839
27794381	1176	1208	transmission electron microscope	T074	C0262880
27794381	1217	1226	cholecyst	T023	C0016976
27794381	1227	1232	cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	1236	1238	GS	T047	C1392480
27794381	1239	1244	group	T078	C0441833
27794381	1246	1249	CCK	T116,T121,T125	C0008328
27794381	1250	1256	levels	T080	C0441889
27794381	1260	1266	plasma	T031	C0032105
27794381	1271	1280	[Ca(2+)]i	T121,T196	C0596235
27794381	1281	1290	decreased	T081	C0205216
27794381	1296	1303	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27794381	1308	1312	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27794381	1316	1318	GS	T047	C1392480
27794381	1324	1338	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27794381	1344	1351	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27794381	1356	1360	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27794381	1364	1366	Gi	T116,T126	C0086706
27794381	1371	1374	Cap	T116,T123	C0073423
27794381	1380	1392	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27794381	1394	1400	Emodin	T109,T121,T123	C0013982
27794381	1401	1414	significantly	T078	C0750502
27794381	1415	1424	decreased	T081	C0205216
27794381	1429	1438	formative	T169	C1522492
27794381	1439	1443	rate	T081	C1521828
27794381	1447	1456	gallstone	T047	C1392480
27794381	1471	1481	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27794381	1482	1488	change	T169	C0392747
27794381	1492	1508	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27794381	1513	1525	muscle cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	1537	1540	CCK	T116,T121,T125	C0008328
27794381	1541	1547	levels	T080	C0441889
27794381	1551	1557	plasma	T031	C0032105
27794381	1562	1571	[Ca(2+)]i	T121,T196	C0596235
27794381	1575	1584	cholecyst	T023	C0016976
27794381	1585	1590	cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	1605	1612	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27794381	1617	1621	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27794381	1625	1627	Gs	T116,T126	C0086903
27794381	1631	1640	cholecyst	T023	C0016976
27794381	1641	1646	cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	1648	1655	reduced	T080	C0392756
27794381	1660	1667	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27794381	1672	1676	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27794381	1680	1682	Gi	T116,T126	C0086706
27794381	1687	1690	Cap	T116,T123	C0073423
27794381	1694	1703	cholecyst	T023	C0016976
27794381	1704	1709	cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	1713	1723	guinea pig	T015	C0085979
27794381	1729	1749	cholesterol calculus	T031	C0333018
27794381	1755	1766	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27794381	1770	1793	gallbladder contraction	T042	C0232772
27794381	1812	1821	disorders	T047	C0012634
27794381	1825	1860	mobility signal transduction system	T043	C0037083
27794381	1864	1873	cholecyst	T023	C0016976
27794381	1874	1893	smooth muscle cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	1895	1904	including	T169	C0332257
27794381	1920	1926	plasma	T031	C0032105
27794381	1927	1930	CCK	T116,T121,T125	C0008328
27794381	1935	1944	[Ca(2+)]i	T121,T196	C0596235
27794381	1948	1957	cholecyst	T023	C0016976
27794381	1958	1963	cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	1965	1981	abnormal protein	T116,T123	C0311448
27794381	1986	1990	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27794381	1994	1996	Gs	T116,T126	C0086903
27794381	1998	2000	Gi	T116,T126	C0086706
27794381	2005	2008	Cap	T116,T123	C0073423
27794381	2010	2016	Emodin	T109,T121,T123	C0013982
27794381	2021	2028	enhance	T052	C2349975
27794381	2033	2063	contractibility of gallbladder	T042	C0232772
27794381	2068	2077	alleviate	T081	C0547047
27794381	2078	2089	cholestasis	T047	C0008370
27794381	2093	2103	regulating	T038	C1327622
27794381	2104	2110	plasma	T031	C0032105
27794381	2111	2114	CCK	T116,T121,T125	C0008328
27794381	2115	2121	levels	T080	C0441889
27794381	2123	2132	[Ca(2+)]i	T121,T196	C0596235
27794381	2136	2145	cholecyst	T023	C0016976
27794381	2146	2151	cells	T025	C0596981
27794381	2160	2167	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27794381	2172	2176	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27794381	2180	2182	Gs	T116,T126	C0086903
27794381	2184	2186	Gi	T116,T126	C0086706
27794381	2191	2194	Cap	T116,T123	C0073423

27794490|t|The effects of captopril on lipopolysaccharide induced learning and memory impairments and the brain cytokine levels and oxidative damage in rats
27794490|a|Renin-angiotensin system has a role in inflammation and also involves in learning and memory. In the present study, the effects of captopril on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced learning and memory impairments, hippocampal cytokine levels and brain tissues oxidative damage was investigated. The rats were divided and treated: [1] saline (Control), [2] LPS (1mg/kg), [3-5] 10, 50 or 100mg/kg captopril 30min before LPS. The treatment was started since six days before the behavioral experiments and continued during the behavioral tests (LPS injection two h before each behavioral experiment). Administration of LPS prolonged the escape latency and traveled path to find the platform in Morris water maze (MWM) test (P<0.01-P<0.001) while, shortened the latency to enter the dark compartment in passive avoidance (PA) test (P<0.001). Pretreatment by all doses of captopril improved performances of the rats in MWM (P<0.05-P<0.001) and also prolonged the latency to enter the dark in PA test (P<0.001). LPS also increased IL-6, TNF-α, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in the hippocampal tissues (P<0.05-P<0.001) which were prevented by captopril (P<0.05-P<0.001). The thiol, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the hippocampus of LPS group were lower than the control (P<0.001) while, they were enhanced when the aniamls were pretreated by captopril (P<0.01-P<0.001). The results of present study showed that captopril improved the LPS - induced learning and memory impairments in rats which were accompanied with attenuating hippocampal cytokine levels and improving the brain tissues oxidative damage criteria.
27794490	4	14	effects of	T080	C1704420
27794490	15	24	captopril	T116,T121	C0006938
27794490	28	46	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27794490	47	54	induced	T169	C0205263
27794490	55	63	learning	T048	C0023186
27794490	68	86	memory impairments	T048	C0233794
27794490	95	100	brain	T023	C0006104
27794490	101	109	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27794490	110	116	levels	T080	C0441889
27794490	121	130	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27794490	131	137	damage	T037	C0010957
27794490	141	145	rats	T015	C0034721
27794490	146	170	Renin-angiotensin system	T022	C0035096
27794490	185	197	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27794490	219	227	learning	T041	C0023185
27794490	232	238	memory	T041	C0025260
27794490	266	276	effects of	T080	C1704420
27794490	277	286	captopril	T116,T121	C0006938
27794490	290	308	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27794490	310	313	LPS	T109	C0023810
27794490	315	322	induced	T169	C0205263
27794490	323	331	learning	T048	C0023186
27794490	336	354	memory impairments	T048	C0233794
27794490	356	367	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27794490	368	376	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27794490	377	383	levels	T080	C0441889
27794490	388	401	brain tissues	T023	C0459385
27794490	402	411	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27794490	412	418	damage	T037	C0010957
27794490	423	435	investigated	T169	C1292732
27794490	441	445	rats	T015	C0034721
27794490	476	482	saline	T167	C0036082
27794490	484	491	Control	T096	C0009932
27794490	498	501	LPS	T109	C0023810
27794490	537	546	captopril	T116,T121	C0006938
27794490	560	563	LPS	T109	C0023810
27794490	569	578	treatment	T061	C0087111
27794490	601	605	days	T079	C0439228
27794490	617	639	behavioral experiments	T060	C0683444
27794490	665	681	behavioral tests	T060	C0683444
27794490	683	686	LPS	T109	C0023810
27794490	687	696	injection	T061	C1533685
27794490	715	736	behavioral experiment	T060	C0683444
27794490	739	753	Administration	T061	C1533734
27794490	757	760	LPS	T109	C0023810
27794490	761	770	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27794490	782	789	latency	T080	C0205275
27794490	832	860	Morris water maze (MWM) test	T060	C0683444
27794490	899	906	latency	T080	C0205275
27794490	920	936	dark compartment	T058	C3649443
27794490	940	957	passive avoidance	T041	C0871047
27794490	959	961	PA	T041	C0871047
27794490	963	967	test	T060	C0683444
27794490	979	991	Pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27794490	999	1004	doses	T081	C0178602
27794490	1008	1017	captopril	T116,T121	C0006938
27794490	1018	1026	improved	T080	C1272745
27794490	1027	1039	performances	T052	C1882330
27794490	1047	1051	rats	T015	C0034721
27794490	1055	1058	MWM	T060	C0683444
27794490	1085	1094	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27794490	1099	1106	latency	T080	C0205275
27794490	1120	1124	dark	T058	C3649443
27794490	1128	1130	PA	T041	C0871047
27794490	1131	1135	test	T060	C0683444
27794490	1147	1150	LPS	T109	C0023810
27794490	1156	1165	increased	T081	C0205217
27794490	1166	1170	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27794490	1172	1177	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27794490	1179	1194	malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
27794490	1196	1199	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
27794490	1205	1217	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27794490	1219	1221	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27794490	1223	1234	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27794490	1242	1253	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27794490	1254	1261	tissues	T023	C0459385
27794490	1290	1299	prevented	T061	C0199176
27794490	1303	1312	captopril	T116,T121	C0006938
27794490	1335	1340	thiol	T123	C0574031
27794490	1342	1362	superoxide dismutase	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
27794490	1364	1367	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
27794490	1373	1381	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
27794490	1383	1386	CAT	T116,T126	C0007367
27794490	1395	1406	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27794490	1410	1413	LPS	T109	C0023810
27794490	1414	1419	group	T078	C0441833
27794490	1440	1447	control	T096	C0009932
27794490	1475	1483	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27794490	1493	1500	aniamls	T008	C0003062
27794490	1506	1516	pretreated	T052	C3539076
27794490	1520	1529	captopril	T116,T121	C0006938
27794490	1589	1598	captopril	T116,T121	C0006938
27794490	1599	1607	improved	T080	C1272745
27794490	1612	1615	LPS	T109	C0023810
27794490	1618	1625	induced	T169	C0205263
27794490	1626	1634	learning	T048	C0023186
27794490	1639	1657	memory impairments	T048	C0233794
27794490	1661	1665	rats	T015	C0034721
27794490	1694	1705	attenuating	T052	C0599946
27794490	1706	1717	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27794490	1718	1726	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27794490	1727	1733	levels	T080	C0441889
27794490	1738	1747	improving	T080	C1272745
27794490	1752	1765	brain tissues	T023	C0459385
27794490	1766	1775	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27794490	1776	1782	damage	T037	C0010957
27794490	1783	1791	criteria	T078	C0243161

27794611|t|Cyanobacterial Surface Display System Mediates Engineered Interspecies and Abiotic Binding
27794611|a|Cyanobacteria are uniquely suited for the development of sustainable bioproduction platforms but are currently underutilized in scaled applications in part due to a lack of genetic tools. Here, we develop a surface display system in the cyanobacterial model Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942 via expression of modified versions of the outer membrane porin SomA. Importantly, we demonstrate accessibility of heterologous functional groups on the recombinant porin to the external environment in living cells. We show that this requires the removal of occluding factors that include lipopolysaccharides and a putative surface layer protein. Displayed epitopes on SomA can be utilized to mediate physical adhesion between living cyanobacteria and abiotic surfaces or an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae partner strain. We show that >80% of cyanobacterial cells attach to functionalized magnetic beads, allowing for magnet-assisted recovery. This work showcases the development of a functional surface display system in cyanobacteria with wide-ranging applications.
27794611	0	14	Cyanobacterial	T007	C1047211
27794611	15	37	Surface Display System	T063	C3494190
27794611	47	70	Engineered Interspecies	T045	C1257738
27794611	75	90	Abiotic Binding	T070	C0175633
27794611	91	104	Cyanobacteria	T007	C1047211
27794611	133	144	development	T169	C1527148
27794611	160	173	bioproduction	T057	C0033268
27794611	226	238	applications	T169	C4048755
27794611	264	277	genetic tools	T062	C0017395
27794611	298	320	surface display system	T063	C3494190
27794611	328	342	cyanobacterial	T007	C1047211
27794611	343	348	model	T170	C3161035
27794611	349	380	Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942	T007	C1003877
27794611	385	395	expression	T045	C0017262
27794611	424	438	outer membrane	T026	C1167331
27794611	439	444	porin	T116,T129	C0071728
27794611	445	449	SomA	T028	C0017337
27794611	496	508	heterologous	T080	C0439860
27794611	509	526	functional groups	T120	C0598132
27794611	534	545	recombinant	T116	C0034861
27794611	546	551	porin	T116,T129	C0071728
27794611	559	567	external	T082	C0205101
27794611	568	579	environment	T082	C0014406
27794611	583	589	living	T078	C0376558
27794611	590	595	cells	T025	C0007634
27794611	639	648	occluding	T046	C0028778
27794611	649	656	factors	T169	C1521761
27794611	670	689	lipopolysaccharides	T109	C0023810
27794611	696	726	putative surface layer protein	T116,T123	C1429637
27794611	728	737	Displayed	T169	C0870432
27794611	738	746	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27794611	750	754	SomA	T028	C0017337
27794611	782	790	physical	T169	C0205485
27794611	791	799	adhesion	T070	C0175633
27794611	808	814	living	T078	C0376558
27794611	815	828	cyanobacteria	T007	C1047211
27794611	833	849	abiotic surfaces	T082	C0205148
27794611	856	866	engineered	T001	C1514798
27794611	867	891	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27794611	892	906	partner strain	T001	C1518614
27794611	929	943	cyanobacterial	T007	C1047211
27794611	944	949	cells	T025	C0007634
27794611	975	989	magnetic beads	T074	C1328924
27794611	1004	1028	magnet-assisted recovery	T169	C0449851
27794611	1054	1065	development	T169	C1527148
27794611	1082	1104	surface display system	T063	C3494190
27794611	1108	1121	cyanobacteria	T007	C1047211
27794611	1140	1152	applications	T169	C4048755

27794742|t|Ensuring better births for women in England
27794742|a|In July I was delighted to take part in an event highlighting the exciting developments in maternity care following the publication of the report of the National Maternity Review: Better Births.
27794742	0	22	Ensuring better births	T058	C1254363
27794742	27	32	women	T098	C0043210
27794742	36	43	England	T083	C0014282
27794742	47	51	July	T080	C3829447
27794742	58	67	delighted	T041	C3830544
27794742	87	92	event	T051	C0441471
27794742	119	131	developments	T169	C1527148
27794742	135	149	maternity care	T091	C0028773
27794742	164	175	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27794742	183	189	report	T170	C0684224
27794742	197	222	National Maternity Review	T170	C0282443
27794742	224	237	Better Births	T058	C1254363

27795266|t|Characterization of Beak and Feather Disease Virus Genomes from Wild Musk Lorikeets (Glossopsitta concinna)
27795266|a|Three complete genomes of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) were recovered from wild musk lorikeets (Glossopsitta concinna). The genomes consisted of 2,008 to 2,010 nucleotides (nt) and encode two major proteins transcribing in opposing directions. This is the first report of BFDV complete genome sequences obtained from this host species.
27795266	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27795266	20	50	Beak and Feather Disease Virus	T005	C0206410
27795266	51	58	Genomes	T028	C0017428
27795266	64	68	Wild	T170	C0445392
27795266	69	83	Musk Lorikeets	T012	C1670393
27795266	85	106	Glossopsitta concinna	T012	C1670393
27795266	123	130	genomes	T028	C0017428
27795266	134	164	beak and feather disease virus	T005	C0206410
27795266	166	170	BFDV	T005	C0206410
27795266	192	196	wild	T170	C0445392
27795266	197	211	musk lorikeets	T012	C1670393
27795266	213	234	Glossopsitta concinna	T012	C1670393
27795266	241	248	genomes	T028	C0017428
27795266	277	288	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
27795266	290	292	nt	T114	C0028630
27795266	298	304	encode	T085	C0017380
27795266	315	323	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27795266	324	336	transcribing	T033	C4036062
27795266	379	385	report	T170	C0684224
27795266	389	393	BFDV	T005	C0206410
27795266	403	419	genome sequences	T028	C0017428
27795266	439	451	host species	T070	C2936412

27795701|t|Targeted therapy in gastric cancer
27795701|a|Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Surgery in combination with multimodal therapy provides the only curative therapy until now. The importance of targeted therapy became clear over the last few years. Due to the implication of HER2 and angiogenesis -directed targeted therapies major advances in the treatment of gastric cancer could be reached. Nevertheless, benefits in survival remain unsatisfactory and the development of resistance to monoclonal antibodies is arising. A comprehensive and comparative literature research was performed to evaluate the status of HER2 and angiogenesis -directed targeted therapy in gastric cancer. Up to now, trastuzumab and ramucirumab are the only agents showing remarkable benefits in the therapy for the patients suffering from gastric cancer. The limitations of targeted therapies in gastric cancer are mainly associated with the development of secondary resistance. Addition of targeted therapy in second-line treatment is beneficial when compared with chemotherapy alone. Nevertheless, results in first-line treatment remain modest. Therefore, new therapeutic agents and combinations in the first-line treatment of gastric cancer are urgently needed and remain to be validated in clinical trials.
27795701	0	16	Targeted therapy	T061	C2985566
27795701	20	34	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
27795701	35	49	Gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
27795701	76	82	cancer	T191	C0006826
27795701	94	101	Surgery	T061	C0543467
27795701	122	140	multimodal therapy	T061	C0009429
27795701	159	175	curative therapy	T033	C1273390
27795701	205	221	targeted therapy	T061	C2985566
27795701	253	258	years	T079	C0439234
27795701	271	282	implication	T169	C1314939
27795701	286	290	HER2	T028	C0242957
27795701	295	307	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27795701	318	336	targeted therapies	T061	C2985566
27795701	359	368	treatment	T061	C0087111
27795701	372	386	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
27795701	485	495	resistance	T169	C4281815
27795701	499	520	monoclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0003250
27795701	535	548	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27795701	553	564	comparative	T062	C1579762
27795701	565	575	literature	T170	C0023866
27795701	576	584	research	T062	C0035168
27795701	602	610	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27795701	625	629	HER2	T028	C0242957
27795701	634	646	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27795701	657	673	targeted therapy	T061	C2985566
27795701	677	691	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
27795701	704	715	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
27795701	720	731	ramucirumab	T116,T129	C2742502
27795701	745	751	agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27795701	787	794	therapy	T061	C0087111
27795701	803	811	patients	T101	C0030705
27795701	827	841	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
27795701	862	880	targeted therapies	T061	C2985566
27795701	884	898	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
27795701	955	965	resistance	T169	C4281815
27795701	979	995	targeted therapy	T061	C2985566
27795701	999	1020	second-line treatment	T061	C1710038
27795701	1054	1066	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27795701	1088	1095	results	T033	C0808233
27795701	1099	1119	first-line treatment	T061	C1708063
27795701	1150	1168	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
27795701	1173	1185	combinations	T121	C0013162
27795701	1193	1213	first-line treatment	T061	C1708063
27795701	1217	1231	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
27795701	1282	1297	clinical trials	T062	C0008976

27795726|t|Serum C-Reactive Protein in Children with Liver Disease and Ascites
27795726|a|The diagnosis of peritonitis as a complication of cirrhosis is an important clinical problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum C-reactive protein levels as a diagnostic factor for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in child patients with liver disease. In this study, 150 children diagnosed with liver disease and ascites upon admission to Nemazee Teaching Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) were examined. Patients were divided into spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and sterile ascetic fluid groups according to the PMN count ≥ 250/mm(3) in the ascetic fluids. Routine laboratory tests were conducted and quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured for all of the patients. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of CRP was evaluated for diagnosis of SBP. Of 150 cirrhotic patients, 109 patients presented without SBP (52.29% male, mean age: 5.02 ± 4.49 years) and 41 patients presented with SBP (51.21% male, mean age: 4.71 years). Cell counts, protein levels, albumin levels, and lactate dehydrogenize (LDH) levels of the ascetic fluid and serum samples in the SBP group were higher than the rates for those without SBP (P < 0.05(. The mean ± SD of CRP in the SBP group (36.89 ± 23.43) increased significantly compared to the rate among those without SBP (21.59 ± 15.43, P = 0.001). The percentages for sensitivity and specificity of CRP, the diagnosis of SBP based on the PMN count ≥ 250/mm(3), and cultured ascites were 69.23%, 90.25%, 88.43%, and 84.32%, respectively. The areas under the curve of CRP for SBP based on the PMN count ≥ 250/mm(3) and cultured ascites was 0.94 (CI 95%: 0.90 to 0.96) and 0.85 (CI 95%: 0.84 to 0.92), respectively (P < 0.001). Our study showed that CRP is a marker with high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of SBP in cirrhotic children.
27795726	0	24	Serum C-Reactive Protein	T059	C1277266
27795726	28	36	Children	T100	C0008059
27795726	42	55	Liver Disease	T047	C0023895
27795726	60	67	Ascites	T033	C0003962
27795726	72	81	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27795726	85	96	peritonitis	T046	C0031154
27795726	102	114	complication	T046	C0009566
27795726	118	127	cirrhosis	T047	C0023890
27795726	178	183	study	T062	C2603343
27795726	200	231	serum C-reactive protein levels	T059	C1277266
27795726	237	254	diagnostic factor	T201	C1511876
27795726	259	292	spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	T047	C0275551
27795726	294	297	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	302	316	child patients	T101	C0030705
27795726	322	335	liver disease	T047	C0023895
27795726	345	350	study	T062	C2603343
27795726	356	364	children	T100	C0008059
27795726	365	374	diagnosed	T062	C1704656
27795726	380	393	liver disease	T047	C0023895
27795726	398	405	ascites	T033	C0003962
27795726	411	420	admission	T058	C0184666
27795726	424	449	Nemazee Teaching Hospital	T073,T093	C0020027
27795726	451	457	Shiraz	T083	C0017446
27795726	459	463	Iran	T083	C0022065
27795726	470	478	examined	T033	C0332128
27795726	480	488	Patients	T101	C0030705
27795726	507	540	spontaneous bacterial peritonitis	T047	C0275551
27795726	545	573	sterile ascetic fluid groups	T031	C0682554
27795726	591	600	PMN count	T059	C0948762
27795726	620	634	ascetic fluids	T031	C0682554
27795726	636	660	Routine laboratory tests	T059	C0022885
27795726	693	724	C-reactive protein (CRP) levels	T059	C1277266
27795726	754	762	patients	T101	C0030705
27795726	764	772	Accuracy	T080	C0443131
27795726	774	802	sensitivity, and specificity	T081	C0036668
27795726	806	809	CRP	T059	C1277266
27795726	828	837	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27795726	841	844	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	853	862	cirrhotic	T047	C1623038
27795726	863	871	patients	T101	C0030705
27795726	877	885	patients	T101	C0030705
27795726	904	907	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	916	920	male	T098	C0025266
27795726	922	930	mean age	T032	C0001779
27795726	944	949	years	T079	C0439234
27795726	958	966	patients	T101	C0030705
27795726	982	985	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	994	998	male	T098	C0025266
27795726	1000	1008	mean age	T032	C0001779
27795726	1015	1020	years	T079	C0439234
27795726	1023	1034	Cell counts	T059	C0007584
27795726	1036	1050	protein levels	T034	C0428479
27795726	1052	1066	albumin levels	T034	C0428519
27795726	1072	1106	lactate dehydrogenize (LDH) levels	T059	C0428346
27795726	1114	1127	ascetic fluid	T031	C0682554
27795726	1132	1145	serum samples	T031	C1550100
27795726	1153	1156	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	1208	1211	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	1241	1244	CRP	T059	C1277266
27795726	1252	1255	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	1343	1346	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	1395	1422	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
27795726	1426	1429	CRP	T059	C1277266
27795726	1435	1444	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27795726	1448	1451	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	1465	1474	PMN count	T059	C0948762
27795726	1492	1508	cultured ascites	T033	C0003962
27795726	1593	1596	CRP	T059	C1277266
27795726	1601	1604	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	1618	1627	PMN count	T059	C0948762
27795726	1644	1660	cultured ascites	T033	C0003962
27795726	1756	1761	study	T062	C2603343
27795726	1774	1777	CRP	T059	C1277266
27795726	1800	1827	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
27795726	1836	1845	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27795726	1849	1852	SBP	T047	C0275551
27795726	1856	1865	cirrhotic	T047	C1623038
27795726	1866	1874	children	T100	C0008059

27796364|t|Structure of the bacterial plant - ferredoxin receptor FusA
27796364|a|Iron is a limiting nutrient in bacterial infection putting it at the centre of an evolutionary arms race between host and pathogen. Gram-negative bacteria utilize TonB -dependent outer membrane receptors to obtain iron during infection. These receptors acquire iron either in concert with soluble iron-scavenging siderophores or through direct interaction and extraction from host proteins. Characterization of these receptors provides invaluable insight into pathogenesis. However, only a subset of virulence -related TonB -dependent receptors have been currently described. Here we report the discovery of FusA, a new class of TonB -dependent receptor, which is utilized by phytopathogenic Pectobacterium spp. to obtain iron from plant ferredoxin. Through the crystal structure of FusA we show that binding of ferredoxin occurs through specialized extracellular loops that form extensive interactions with ferredoxin. The function of FusA and the presence of homologues in clinically important pathogens suggests that small iron-containing proteins represent an iron source for bacterial pathogens.
27796364	17	26	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27796364	27	32	plant	T002	C0032098
27796364	35	45	ferredoxin	T116,T123	C0015858
27796364	46	54	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27796364	55	59	FusA	T116,T126	C0059038
27796364	60	64	Iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27796364	79	87	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27796364	91	110	bacterial infection	T047	C0004623
27796364	173	177	host	T001	C1167395
27796364	182	190	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27796364	192	214	Gram-negative bacteria	T007	C0018150
27796364	223	227	TonB	T116,T123	C1437205
27796364	239	253	outer membrane	T026	C1167331
27796364	254	263	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27796364	274	278	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27796364	286	295	infection	T046	C3714514
27796364	303	312	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27796364	321	325	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27796364	357	385	iron-scavenging siderophores	T109,T123	C0142281
27796364	397	415	direct interaction	T169	C1704675
27796364	420	430	extraction	T061	C0185115
27796364	436	440	host	T001	C1167395
27796364	441	449	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27796364	451	467	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27796364	477	486	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27796364	520	532	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27796364	560	569	virulence	T038	C0042765
27796364	579	583	TonB	T116,T123	C1437205
27796364	595	604	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27796364	655	664	discovery	T052	C1880355
27796364	668	672	FusA	T116,T126	C0059038
27796364	689	693	TonB	T116,T123	C1437205
27796364	705	713	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27796364	736	771	phytopathogenic Pectobacterium spp.	T007	C0030745
27796364	782	786	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27796364	792	797	plant	T002	C0032098
27796364	798	808	ferredoxin	T116,T123	C0015858
27796364	822	839	crystal structure	T104	C0444626
27796364	843	847	FusA	T116,T126	C0059038
27796364	861	868	binding	T044	C1167622
27796364	872	882	ferredoxin	T116,T123	C0015858
27796364	910	929	extracellular loops	T026	C0243092
27796364	940	949	extensive	T080	C0205231
27796364	950	962	interactions	T169	C1704675
27796364	968	978	ferredoxin	T116,T123	C0015858
27796364	984	992	function	T169	C0542341
27796364	996	1000	FusA	T116,T126	C0059038
27796364	1021	1031	homologues	T085	C0162774
27796364	1035	1055	clinically important	T080	C3898777
27796364	1056	1065	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27796364	1086	1110	iron-containing proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27796364	1124	1128	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27796364	1129	1135	source	T033	C0449416
27796364	1140	1149	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27796364	1150	1159	pathogens	T001	C0450254

27796450|t|Quantification of urinary mono-hydroxylated metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by on-line solid phase extraction - high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
27796450|a|Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be assessed through monitoring of urinary mono-hydroxylated PAHs (OH-PAHs). Gas chromatography (GC) has been widely used to separate OH-PAHs before quantification by mass spectrometry in biomonitoring studies. However, because GC requires derivatization, it can be time consuming. We developed an on-line solid phase extraction coupled to isotope dilution - high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (on-line-SPE - HPLC-MS / MS) method for the quantification in urine of 1-OH-naphthalene, 2-OH-naphthalene, 2-OH-fluorene, 3-OH-fluorene, 1-OH-phenanthrene, the sum of 2-OH and 3-OH-phenanthrene, 4-OH-phenanthrene, and 1-OH-pyrene. The method, which employed a 96- well plate platform and on-line SPE, showed good sensitivity (i.e., limits of detection ranged from 0.007 to 0.09 ng/mL) and used only 100 μL of urine. Accuracy, calculated from the recovery percentage at three spiking levels, varied from 94 to 113 %, depending on the analyte. The inter - and intra - day precision, calculated from 20 repeated measurements of two quality control materials, varied from 5.2 to 16.7 %. Adequate method performance was also confirmed by acceptable recovery (83-102 %) of two NIST standard reference materials (3672 and 3673). This high-throughput on-line-SPE - HPLC-MS / MS method can be applied in large - scale epidemiological studies. Graphical abstract Example LC-MS chromatogram of urinary mono-hydroxylated PAH metabolites.
27796450	0	14	Quantification	T081	C1709793
27796450	18	25	urinary	T080	C1524119
27796450	26	55	mono-hydroxylated metabolites	T123	C0870883
27796450	59	91	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	T109	C0032458
27796450	95	125	on-line solid phase extraction	T059	C1720880
27796450	128	191	high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4054772
27796450	192	197	Human	T016	C0086418
27796450	198	209	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27796450	210	242	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	T109	C0032458
27796450	244	248	PAHs	T109	C0032458
27796450	257	265	assessed	T052	C1516048
27796450	274	284	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27796450	288	295	urinary	T080	C1524119
27796450	296	318	mono-hydroxylated PAHs	T109	C0032458
27796450	320	327	OH-PAHs	T109	C0032458
27796450	330	348	Gas chromatography	T059	C0008555
27796450	350	352	GC	T059	C0008555
27796450	378	386	separate	T080	C0443299
27796450	387	394	OH-PAHs	T109	C0032458
27796450	402	416	quantification	T081	C1709793
27796450	420	437	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27796450	441	454	biomonitoring	T057	C0005517
27796450	455	462	studies	T062	C2603343
27796450	481	483	GC	T059	C0008555
27796450	493	507	derivatization	T169	C0449851
27796450	519	533	time consuming	T080	C3827829
27796450	538	547	developed	T169	C1527148
27796450	551	581	on-line solid phase extraction	T059	C1720880
27796450	582	589	coupled	T169	C1948027
27796450	593	600	isotope	T196	C0022262
27796450	601	609	dilution	T169	C1948037
27796450	612	675	high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4054772
27796450	677	688	on-line-SPE	T059	C1720880
27796450	691	698	HPLC-MS	T059	C4054772
27796450	701	703	MS	T059	C0037813
27796450	705	711	method	T170	C0025663
27796450	720	734	quantification	T081	C1709793
27796450	738	743	urine	T031	C0042036
27796450	747	763	1-OH-naphthalene	T109,T121	C0027375
27796450	765	781	2-OH-naphthalene	T109,T121	C0027375
27796450	783	796	2-OH-fluorene	T109,T131	C0060517
27796450	798	811	3-OH-fluorene	T109,T131	C0060517
27796450	813	830	1-OH-phenanthrene	T109	C0031367
27796450	843	847	2-OH	T109	C0031367
27796450	852	869	3-OH-phenanthrene	T109	C0031367
27796450	871	888	4-OH-phenanthrene	T109	C0031367
27796450	894	905	1-OH-pyrene	T109	C0072667
27796450	911	917	method	T170	C0025663
27796450	925	933	employed	T033	C0557351
27796450	940	959	well plate platform	T082	C4283957
27796450	964	975	on-line SPE	T059	C1720880
27796450	984	1000	good sensitivity	T067	C2346484
27796450	1008	1014	limits	T169	C0439801
27796450	1018	1027	detection	T061	C1511790
27796450	1028	1034	ranged	T081	C1514721
27796450	1085	1090	urine	T031	C0042036
27796450	1092	1100	Accuracy	T080	C0443131
27796450	1102	1112	calculated	T059	C1443182
27796450	1122	1130	recovery	T052	C0237820
27796450	1131	1141	percentage	T081	C0439165
27796450	1151	1158	spiking	T082	C0348018
27796450	1159	1165	levels	T080	C0441889
27796450	1167	1173	varied	T080	C0205419
27796450	1192	1201	depending	T080	C1701901
27796450	1209	1216	analyte	T167	C0443354
27796450	1222	1227	inter	T079	C1548610
27796450	1234	1239	intra	T079	C0347985
27796450	1242	1255	day precision	T078	C1561539
27796450	1257	1267	calculated	T059	C1443182
27796450	1276	1284	repeated	T169	C0205341
27796450	1285	1297	measurements	T169	C0242485
27796450	1305	1320	quality control	T169	C0034378
27796450	1321	1330	materials	T167	C0520510
27796450	1332	1338	varied	T080	C0205419
27796450	1359	1367	Adequate	T080	C0205411
27796450	1368	1374	method	T170	C0025663
27796450	1375	1386	performance	T052	C1882330
27796450	1396	1408	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27796450	1409	1419	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27796450	1420	1428	recovery	T052	C0237820
27796450	1447	1451	NIST	T092	C0021622
27796450	1452	1470	standard reference	T081	C0034925
27796450	1471	1480	materials	T167	C0520510
27796450	1503	1518	high-throughput	T170	C0872047
27796450	1519	1530	on-line-SPE	T059	C1720880
27796450	1533	1540	HPLC-MS	T059	C4054772
27796450	1543	1545	MS	T059	C0037813
27796450	1546	1552	method	T170	C0025663
27796450	1571	1576	large	T081	C0549177
27796450	1579	1584	scale	T077	C1522412
27796450	1585	1608	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
27796450	1610	1628	Graphical abstract	T170	C0870616
27796450	1637	1655	LC-MS chromatogram	T169	C1883002
27796450	1659	1666	urinary	T080	C1524119
27796450	1667	1688	mono-hydroxylated PAH	T109	C0032458
27796450	1689	1700	metabolites	T123	C0870883

27796455|t|Aptamer -based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for thrombin based on supramolecular recognition, oriented assembly, and local field coupling
27796455|a|A supramolecular recognition and oriented assembly system was developed on chip for the highly selective surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of thrombin by means of the aptamer -based SERS tag method. A 15-base thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA15) with a thiol end was first immobilized on an Ag nanoprism array by the S-Ag bond. This aptamer has high binding affinity with thrombin when it folds into a G-quadruplex structure. After the recognition between the aptamer and thrombin, a bridge is built between the SERS tag (4-mercaptobenzoic acid marked Ag nanoparticle) and the fixed thrombin based on the activation of the carboxylic group of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid. Thus, the quantitative detection of thrombin can be achieved based on the SERS intensity of the immobilized SERS tags. The obvious advantages of this sensing method are as follows: (1) remarkable SERS enhancement due to the high electric field coupling effect via the gap structure formation, which improves the sensitivity of the SERS detection and the limit of detection of this method arrives in 1.6 × 10(-11) M, (2) high selectivity based on the specific aptamer recognition toward thrombin, which can be extended to other enzymes easily by changing a proper sequence, (3) high repeatability of SERS signals according to a highly ordered structure, and (4) highly efficient oriented assembly of a sandwich structure over an Ag nanoprism array. The proposed method is expected to be a practical implement in medical diagnosis. Graphical Abstract Illustration of the aptamer -based SERS sensor for thrombin detection.
27796455	0	7	Aptamer	T114	C0599013
27796455	15	48	surface-enhanced Raman scattering	T070	C1720804
27796455	50	54	SERS	T070	C1720804
27796455	56	62	sensor	T075	C0600364
27796455	67	75	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27796455	85	111	supramolecular recognition	T044	C0599844
27796455	113	130	oriented assembly	T044	C0872376
27796455	136	156	local field coupling	T080	C0205556
27796455	159	185	supramolecular recognition	T044	C0599844
27796455	190	207	oriented assembly	T044	C0872376
27796455	219	228	developed	T080	C0205556
27796455	229	236	on chip	T073	C3273359
27796455	252	261	selective	T169	C0205245
27796455	262	295	surface-enhanced Raman scattering	T070	C1720804
27796455	297	301	SERS	T070	C1720804
27796455	303	312	detection	T061	C1511790
27796455	316	324	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27796455	341	348	aptamer	T114	C0599013
27796455	356	360	SERS	T070	C1720804
27796455	361	371	tag method	T170	C0025663
27796455	375	407	15-base thrombin-binding aptamer	T114,T121	C0217154
27796455	409	414	TBA15	T114,T121	C0217154
27796455	423	432	thiol end	T104	C1254350
27796455	443	454	immobilized	T061	C0020944
27796455	461	463	Ag	T196	C0037125
27796455	464	473	nanoprism	T073	C3273359
27796455	474	479	array	T082	C1510941
27796455	487	496	S-Ag bond	T104	C1254350
27796455	503	510	aptamer	T114	C0599013
27796455	515	527	high binding	T052	C1145667
27796455	528	536	affinity	T070	C1510827
27796455	542	550	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27796455	559	564	folds	T082	C0332462
27796455	572	584	G-quadruplex	T086	C1517336
27796455	585	594	structure	T082	C0678594
27796455	606	617	recognition	T044	C0599844
27796455	630	637	aptamer	T114	C0599013
27796455	642	650	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27796455	654	660	bridge	T080	C0205556
27796455	664	669	built	T169	C0205245
27796455	682	686	SERS	T070	C1720804
27796455	687	690	tag	T073	C0181496
27796455	692	714	4-mercaptobenzoic acid	T109	C0605786
27796455	715	721	marked	T080	C1706089
27796455	722	724	Ag	T196	C0037125
27796455	725	737	nanoparticle	T073	C3273359
27796455	747	761	fixed thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27796455	775	785	activation	T052	C1879547
27796455	793	809	carboxylic group	T104	C0596316
27796455	813	835	4-mercaptobenzoic acid	T109	C0605786
27796455	847	859	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27796455	860	869	detection	T061	C1511790
27796455	873	881	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27796455	889	897	achieved	T033	C0243095
27796455	911	915	SERS	T070	C1720804
27796455	916	925	intensity	T080	C0522510
27796455	933	944	immobilized	T061	C0020944
27796455	945	949	SERS	T070	C1720804
27796455	950	954	tags	T073	C0181496
27796455	987	1001	sensing method	T169	C0449851
27796455	1033	1037	SERS	T070	C1720804
27796455	1038	1049	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27796455	1061	1080	high electric field	T070	C0337037
27796455	1081	1089	coupling	T169	C1948027
27796455	1090	1096	effect	T080	C1280500
27796455	1105	1118	gap structure	T082	C0678594
27796455	1119	1128	formation	T169	C1522492
27796455	1136	1144	improves	T033	C0184511
27796455	1149	1160	sensitivity	T080	C0205556
27796455	1168	1172	SERS	T070	C1720804
27796455	1173	1182	detection	T061	C1511790
27796455	1191	1209	limit of detection	T081	C2718050
27796455	1218	1224	method	T169	C0449851
27796455	1225	1232	arrives	T052	C1706079
27796455	1257	1273	high selectivity	T080	C0205556
27796455	1296	1303	aptamer	T114	C0599013
27796455	1304	1315	recognition	T044	C0599844
27796455	1323	1331	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27796455	1346	1354	extended	T082	C0231449
27796455	1364	1371	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27796455	1382	1390	changing	T169	C0392747
27796455	1393	1408	proper sequence	T086	C0004793
27796455	1414	1432	high repeatability	T169	C0205341
27796455	1436	1440	SERS	T070	C1720804
27796455	1441	1448	signals	T067	C1710082
27796455	1464	1478	highly ordered	T080	C1705176
27796455	1479	1488	structure	T082	C0678594
27796455	1498	1514	highly efficient	T080	C0442799
27796455	1515	1532	oriented assembly	T044	C0872376
27796455	1538	1556	sandwich structure	T082	C0678594
27796455	1565	1567	Ag	T196	C0037125
27796455	1568	1577	nanoprism	T073	C3273359
27796455	1578	1583	array	T082	C1510941
27796455	1589	1604	proposed method	T169	C0449851
27796455	1608	1616	expected	T078	C0679138
27796455	1625	1644	practical implement	T052	C1708476
27796455	1648	1665	medical diagnosis	T060	C0871813
27796455	1667	1698	Graphical Abstract Illustration	T170	C0870616
27796455	1706	1713	aptamer	T114	C0599013
27796455	1721	1725	SERS	T070	C1720804
27796455	1726	1732	sensor	T075	C0600364
27796455	1737	1745	thrombin	T116,T121,T126	C0040018
27796455	1746	1755	detection	T061	C1511790

27796510|t|Utility and applicability of the "Childhood Obesity Risk Evaluation" (CORE)-index in predicting obesity in childhood and adolescence in Greece from early life: the " National Action Plan for Public Health "
27796510|a|Early identification of infants being at high risk to become obese at their later childhood or adolescence can be of vital importance in any obesity prevention initiative. The aim of the present study was to examine the utility and applicability of the "Childhood Obesity Risk Evaluation (CORE)" index as a screening tool for the early prediction of obesity in childhood and adolescence. Anthropometric, socio-demographic data were collected cross-sectionally and retrospectively from a representative sample of 5946 children, and adolescents and were combined for calculating the CORE-index score. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations of the CORE-index score with obesity by gender and age group, and cut-off point analysis was also applied to identify the optimal value of the CORE-index score that differentiates obese from non-obese children. Mean CORE-index score in the total sample was 3.06 (sd 1.92) units (range 0-11 units). Each unit increase in the CORE-index score was found to be associated with a 30 % (95 % C.I. 1.24-1.36) increased likelihood for obesity in childhood or adolescence, while the optimal cut-off value of the CORE-index score that predicted obesity with the highest possible sensitivity and specificity was found to be 3.5. The present study supports the utility and applicability of the CORE-index as a screening tool for the early identification of infants that are potentially at a higher risk for becoming obese at their childhood and adolescence. This tool could be routinely used by health professionals to identify infants at high risk and provide appropriate counselling to their parents and caregivers so as to maximize the effectiveness of early obesity prevention initiatives. What is known? • Childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. • Certain perinatal and socio-demographic indices that were previously identified as correlates of childhood obesity in children were combined to develop the CORE-index, a screening tool that estimates obesity risk in 9-13 year-old children. What is new? • The utility and applicability of the CORE-index as screening tool can be extended to the age range of 6-15 years. • The CORE-index is a cost-effective screening tool that can assist health professionals in initiating obesity preventive measures from early life.
27796510	0	7	Utility	T169	C0205245
27796510	12	25	applicability	T169	C0205245
27796510	33	81	"Childhood Obesity Risk Evaluation" (CORE)-index	T170	C0282574
27796510	96	103	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	107	116	childhood	T079	C0231335
27796510	121	132	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27796510	136	142	Greece	T083	C0018226
27796510	148	153	early	T079	C1279919
27796510	154	158	life	T078	C0376558
27796510	207	212	Early	T079	C1279919
27796510	213	227	identification	T058	C0150323
27796510	231	238	infants	T100	C0021270
27796510	248	257	high risk	T033	C0332167
27796510	268	273	obese	T047	C0028754
27796510	283	288	later	T079	C0205087
27796510	289	298	childhood	T079	C0231335
27796510	302	313	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27796510	348	355	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	356	366	prevention	T080	C2700409
27796510	367	377	initiative	T033	C1287154
27796510	427	434	utility	T169	C0205245
27796510	439	452	applicability	T169	C0205245
27796510	460	508	"Childhood Obesity Risk Evaluation (CORE)" index	T170	C0282574
27796510	514	523	screening	T058	C1710032
27796510	524	528	tool	T073	C0336791
27796510	537	542	early	T079	C1279919
27796510	543	553	prediction	T078	C0681842
27796510	557	564	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	568	577	childhood	T079	C0231335
27796510	582	593	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27796510	595	609	Anthropometric	T078	C1511726
27796510	611	633	socio-demographic data	T078	C1511726
27796510	639	648	collected	T078	C1516695
27796510	649	666	cross-sectionally	T080	C0205556
27796510	671	686	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27796510	709	715	sample	T167	C0370003
27796510	724	732	children	T100	C0008059
27796510	738	749	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27796510	772	783	calculating	T052	C1441506
27796510	788	804	CORE-index score	T170	C0282574
27796510	806	834	Logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
27796510	865	877	associations	T080	C0439849
27796510	885	901	CORE-index score	T170	C0282574
27796510	907	914	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	918	924	gender	T032	C0079399
27796510	929	938	age group	T100	C0027362
27796510	944	966	cut-off point analysis	T062	C0242481
27796510	1000	1007	optimal	T080	C2698651
27796510	1008	1013	value	T081	C1522609
27796510	1021	1037	CORE-index score	T170	C0282574
27796510	1043	1057	differentiates	T080	C0205615
27796510	1058	1063	obese	T047	C0028754
27796510	1069	1087	non-obese children	T100	C0008059
27796510	1089	1110	Mean CORE-index score	T170	C0282574
27796510	1118	1123	total	T080	C0439810
27796510	1124	1130	sample	T167	C0370003
27796510	1141	1143	sd	T081	C0871420
27796510	1186	1194	increase	T169	C0442805
27796510	1202	1218	CORE-index score	T170	C0282574
27796510	1235	1250	associated with	T080	C0332281
27796510	1264	1268	C.I.	T081	C0009667
27796510	1280	1289	increased	T081	C0205217
27796510	1290	1300	likelihood	T081	C0033204
27796510	1305	1312	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	1316	1325	childhood	T079	C0231335
27796510	1329	1340	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27796510	1352	1359	optimal	T080	C2698651
27796510	1360	1373	cut-off value	T081	C0392762
27796510	1381	1397	CORE-index score	T170	C0282574
27796510	1403	1412	predicted	T078	C0681842
27796510	1413	1420	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	1430	1437	highest	T080	C1522410
27796510	1447	1474	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
27796510	1527	1534	utility	T169	C0205245
27796510	1539	1552	applicability	T169	C0205245
27796510	1560	1570	CORE-index	T170	C0282574
27796510	1576	1585	screening	T058	C1710032
27796510	1586	1590	tool	T073	C0336791
27796510	1599	1604	early	T079	C1279919
27796510	1605	1619	identification	T058	C0150323
27796510	1623	1630	infants	T100	C0021270
27796510	1657	1668	higher risk	T033	C0332167
27796510	1682	1687	obese	T047	C0028754
27796510	1697	1706	childhood	T079	C0231335
27796510	1711	1722	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27796510	1729	1733	tool	T073	C0336791
27796510	1761	1781	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27796510	1794	1801	infants	T100	C0021270
27796510	1805	1814	high risk	T033	C0332167
27796510	1839	1850	counselling	T058	C0010210
27796510	1860	1867	parents	T099	C0030551
27796510	1872	1882	caregivers	T097	C0085537
27796510	1905	1918	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27796510	1922	1927	early	T079	C1279919
27796510	1928	1935	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	1936	1946	prevention	T080	C2700409
27796510	1947	1958	initiatives	T033	C1287154
27796510	1977	1986	Childhood	T079	C0231335
27796510	1987	1994	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	2007	2027	epidemic proportions	T081	C1709707
27796510	2049	2058	perinatal	T033	C0243095
27796510	2063	2088	socio-demographic indices	T033	C0243095
27796510	2110	2120	identified	T080	C0205396
27796510	2138	2147	childhood	T079	C0231335
27796510	2148	2155	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	2159	2167	children	T100	C0008059
27796510	2197	2207	CORE-index	T170	C0282574
27796510	2211	2220	screening	T058	C1710032
27796510	2221	2225	tool	T073	C0336791
27796510	2241	2248	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	2249	2253	risk	T078	C0035647
27796510	2262	2270	year-old	T079	C1510829
27796510	2271	2279	children	T100	C0008059
27796510	2300	2307	utility	T169	C0205245
27796510	2312	2325	applicability	T169	C0205245
27796510	2333	2343	CORE-index	T170	C0282574
27796510	2347	2356	screening	T058	C1710032
27796510	2357	2361	tool	T073	C0336791
27796510	2385	2388	age	T032	C0001779
27796510	2403	2408	years	T079	C1510829
27796510	2416	2426	CORE-index	T170	C0282574
27796510	2432	2446	cost-effective	T080	C0205556
27796510	2447	2456	screening	T058	C1710032
27796510	2457	2461	tool	T073	C0336791
27796510	2478	2498	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27796510	2513	2520	obesity	T047	C0028754
27796510	2521	2540	preventive measures	T170	C0033107
27796510	2546	2551	early	T079	C1279919
27796510	2552	2556	life	T078	C0376558

27796974|t|Methodology development on aquatic environmental assessment
27796974|a|The Water Framework Directive aims at reaching the good ecological status of the surface and ground water bodies (László et al. Microchem J 85(1):65-71, 2007). The paper deals with quality evaluation of waters with special focus on the water chemistry parameters as defined in the Water Framework Directive and pertaining legal regulations. The purpose of this paper is to devise a quantitative type of water quality assessment method which could provide rapid, accurate, and reliable information on the quality of the surface waters by using water chemistry parameters. Quality classes have been defined for every water chemistry parameter in light of the legal limit values of the water parameters. In addition to this, weight indices were calculated on the basis of the outcome of the paired comparison of water chemistry parameters and normalized matrix. This was followed by the parametric level analysis of the water chemistry parameters, and finally, the aquatic environment index (AEI) was calculated, which provided general information on the quality of water regarding the water chemistry parameters. The method was illustrated on Lake Balaton, Hungary in which case water samples taken from Balatonfüred City lake area were analyzed and evaluated with the method devised.
27796974	0	11	Methodology	T078	C3266812
27796974	12	23	development	T169	C1527148
27796974	27	48	aquatic environmental	T067	C0563034
27796974	49	59	assessment	T058	C0220825
27796974	64	89	Water Framework Directive	T170	C0282574
27796974	90	94	aims	T078	C1947946
27796974	116	126	ecological	T070	C0162358
27796974	127	133	status	T080	C0449438
27796974	141	148	surface	T082	C0205148
27796974	153	172	ground water bodies	T082	C0596631
27796974	241	248	quality	T080	C0332306
27796974	249	259	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27796974	263	269	waters	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	275	282	special	T080	C0205555
27796974	296	301	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	302	311	chemistry	T169	C0079107
27796974	312	322	parameters	T077	C0549193
27796974	341	366	Water Framework Directive	T170	C0282574
27796974	382	399	legal regulations	T089	C0680575
27796974	405	412	purpose	T169	C1285529
27796974	442	454	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27796974	463	468	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	469	476	quality	T080	C0332306
27796974	477	487	assessment	T058	C0220825
27796974	488	494	method	T170	C0025663
27796974	507	514	provide	T052	C1999230
27796974	515	520	rapid	T080	C0456962
27796974	522	530	accurate	T080	C0443131
27796974	536	544	reliable	T170	C3858758
27796974	545	556	information	T078	C1533716
27796974	564	571	quality	T080	C0332306
27796974	579	586	surface	T082	C0205148
27796974	587	593	waters	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	603	608	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	609	618	chemistry	T169	C0079107
27796974	619	629	parameters	T077	C0549193
27796974	631	638	Quality	T080	C0332306
27796974	639	646	classes	T170	C0456387
27796974	657	664	defined	T080	C0442825
27796974	675	680	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	681	690	chemistry	T169	C0079107
27796974	691	700	parameter	T077	C0549193
27796974	717	735	legal limit values	T089	C0752073
27796974	743	748	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	749	759	parameters	T077	C0549193
27796974	782	796	weight indices	T081	C0392762
27796974	802	812	calculated	T059	C1443182
27796974	833	840	outcome	T169	C1274040
27796974	848	865	paired comparison	T081	C0086766
27796974	869	874	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	875	884	chemistry	T169	C0079107
27796974	885	895	parameters	T077	C0549193
27796974	900	910	normalized	T062	C1882115
27796974	911	917	matrix	T082	C1704640
27796974	944	969	parametric level analysis	UnknownType	C0681933
27796974	977	982	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	983	992	chemistry	T169	C0079107
27796974	993	1003	parameters	T077	C0549193
27796974	1022	1047	aquatic environment index	T170	C0282574
27796974	1049	1052	AEI	T170	C0282574
27796974	1058	1068	calculated	T059	C1443182
27796974	1076	1084	provided	T052	C1999230
27796974	1085	1104	general information	T185	C0332118
27796974	1112	1119	quality	T080	C0332306
27796974	1123	1128	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	1143	1148	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	1149	1158	chemistry	T169	C0079107
27796974	1159	1169	parameters	T077	C0549193
27796974	1175	1181	method	T170	C0025663
27796974	1201	1205	Lake	T083	C0337049
27796974	1206	1213	Balaton	T083	C0017446
27796974	1215	1222	Hungary	T083	C0020174
27796974	1237	1242	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27796974	1243	1250	samples	T167	C0370003
27796974	1262	1279	Balatonfüred City	T083	C0017446
27796974	1280	1284	lake	T083	C0337049
27796974	1285	1289	area	T083	C0017446
27796974	1295	1303	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27796974	1308	1317	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27796974	1327	1333	method	T170	C0025663

27797717|t|WDR26 promotes mitophagy of cardiomyocytes induced by hypoxia through Parkin translocation
27797717|a|Myocardial ischemia is a heart condition caused by reduction of blood flow to the heart, preventing heart from receiving enough oxygen. Myocardial ischemia is the most common cause of death globally. Heart ischemic preconditioning (IPC) has a protective effect against myocardial cell death induced by ischemia and ischemia-reperfusion injury. WDR26 has recently been identified as a protein that is increased following rat cardiac IPC. WDR26 can promote the proliferation of H9c2 cells and protect cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress through inhibiting apoptosis. However, its role in myocardial ischemia is unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of WDR26 in myocardial ischemia and H9c2 cell hypoxia. Our results showed that WDR26 is induced by myocardial ischemia and H9c2 cell hypoxia. WDR26 protects H9c2 cells against hypoxia injury through inhibiting LDH release and increasing cell viability. WDR26 promotes hypoxia - induced autophagy in hypoxia of H9c2 cells. We further demonstrated that in H9c2 cell hypoxia, WDR26 increases mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby increases Parkin translocation of mitochondria. After Parkin is translocated at mitochondria, WDR26 can increase mitochondria l protein ubiquitination in hypoxia of H9c2 cells. WDR26 is a mediator of response to hypoxia, and WDR26 plays an important role in hypoxia -mediated autophagy and mitophagy. This study provides novel insights into the protective role of WDR26 in cardiomyocyte injury during hypoxia. WDR26 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of myocardial ischemia.
27797717	0	5	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	6	14	promotes	T052	C0033414
27797717	15	24	mitophagy	T043	C1820119
27797717	28	42	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27797717	43	50	induced	T169	C0205263
27797717	54	61	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	70	76	Parkin	T116,T123	C1570554
27797717	77	90	translocation	T043	C0599893
27797717	91	110	Myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27797717	116	121	heart	T023	C0018787
27797717	122	131	condition	T080	C0348080
27797717	142	151	reduction	T080	C0392756
27797717	155	165	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27797717	173	178	heart	T023	C0018787
27797717	191	196	heart	T023	C0018787
27797717	202	211	receiving	T080	C1514756
27797717	219	225	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27797717	227	246	Myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27797717	266	280	cause of death	T033	C0007465
27797717	281	289	globally	T082	C0205246
27797717	291	296	Heart	T023	C0018787
27797717	297	321	ischemic preconditioning	T061	C0376466
27797717	323	326	IPC	T061	C0376466
27797717	334	351	protective effect	T080	C1280500
27797717	360	375	myocardial cell	T025	C0225828
27797717	376	381	death	T043	C0007587
27797717	382	389	induced	T169	C0205263
27797717	393	401	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27797717	406	433	ischemia-reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
27797717	435	440	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	459	469	identified	T080	C0205396
27797717	475	482	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27797717	491	500	increased	T081	C0205217
27797717	511	514	rat	T015	C0034693
27797717	515	522	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27797717	523	526	IPC	T061	C0376466
27797717	528	533	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	538	545	promote	T052	C0033414
27797717	550	563	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27797717	567	577	H9c2 cells	T025	C0007634
27797717	590	604	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27797717	613	629	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27797717	638	648	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27797717	649	658	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27797717	673	677	role	T077	C1705810
27797717	681	700	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27797717	729	734	study	T062	C2603343
27797717	762	767	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	771	790	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27797717	795	804	H9c2 cell	T025	C0007634
27797717	805	812	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	818	825	results	T169	C1274040
27797717	838	843	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	847	854	induced	T169	C0205263
27797717	858	877	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27797717	882	891	H9c2 cell	T025	C0007634
27797717	892	899	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	901	906	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	916	926	H9c2 cells	T025	C0007634
27797717	935	942	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	943	949	injury	T037	C3263722
27797717	958	968	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27797717	969	972	LDH	T116,T126	C0022917
27797717	996	1010	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27797717	1012	1017	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	1018	1026	promotes	T052	C0033414
27797717	1027	1034	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	1037	1044	induced	T169	C0205263
27797717	1045	1054	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27797717	1058	1065	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	1069	1079	H9c2 cells	T025	C0007634
27797717	1113	1122	H9c2 cell	T025	C0007634
27797717	1123	1130	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	1132	1137	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	1138	1147	increases	T169	C0442805
27797717	1148	1180	mitochondrial membrane potential	T043	C1720920
27797717	1190	1199	increases	T169	C0442805
27797717	1200	1206	Parkin	T116,T123	C1570554
27797717	1207	1220	translocation	T043	C0599893
27797717	1224	1236	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27797717	1244	1250	Parkin	T116,T123	C1570554
27797717	1254	1266	translocated	T043	C0599893
27797717	1270	1282	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27797717	1284	1289	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	1294	1302	increase	T169	C0442805
27797717	1303	1315	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27797717	1318	1340	protein ubiquitination	T044	C1816438
27797717	1344	1351	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	1355	1365	H9c2 cells	T025	C0007634
27797717	1367	1372	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	1402	1409	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	1415	1420	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	1448	1455	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	1466	1475	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27797717	1480	1489	mitophagy	T043	C1820119
27797717	1496	1501	study	T062	C2603343
27797717	1511	1516	novel	T080	C0205314
27797717	1554	1559	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	1563	1576	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27797717	1577	1583	injury	T037	C3263722
27797717	1591	1598	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27797717	1600	1605	WDR26	T116	C4307325
27797717	1631	1637	target	T169	C1521840
27797717	1646	1655	treatment	T061	C0087111
27797717	1659	1678	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744

27798174|t|Are TMCs the Mechanotransduction Channels of Vertebrate Hair Cells?
27798174|a|Sensory transduction in vertebrate hair cells and the molecules that mediate it have long been of great interest. Some components of the mechanotransduction apparatus have been identified, most as deafness gene products. Although prior candidates for the mechanotransduction channel have been proposed, each has faded with new evidence. Now, two strong candidates, TMC1 and TMC2 (transmembrane channel-like), have emerged from discovery of deafness genes in humans and mice. They are expressed at the right time during development: exactly at the onset of mechanosensitivity. They are expressed in the right place: in hair cells but not surrounding cells. Fluorescently tagged TMCs localize to the tips of stereocilia, the site of the transduction channels. TMCs bind other proteins essential for mechanosensation, suggesting a larger transduction complex. Although TMC1 and TMC2 can substitute for each other, genetic deletion of both renders mouse hair cells mechanically insensitive. Finally, the conductance and Ca(2+) selectivity of the transduction channels depend on the TMC proteins, differing when hair cells express one or the other TMC, and differing if TMC1 harbors a point mutation. Some contrary evidence has emerged: a current activated in hair cells by negative pressure, with some similarity to the transduction current, persists in TMC knock-outs. But it is not clear that this anomalous current is carried by the same proteins. Further evidence is desired, such as production of a mechanically gated conductance by pure TMCs. But the great majority of evidence is consistent with these TMCs as pore-forming subunits of the long-sought hair-cell transduction channel.
27798174	4	8	TMCs	T116	C0021699
27798174	13	32	Mechanotransduction	T044	C1138568
27798174	33	41	Channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27798174	45	55	Vertebrate	T010	C0042567
27798174	56	66	Hair Cells	T025	C0018496
27798174	68	75	Sensory	T080	C0445254
27798174	76	88	transduction	T043	C0037083
27798174	92	102	vertebrate	T010	C0042567
27798174	103	113	hair cells	T025	C0018496
27798174	122	131	molecules	T167	C0567416
27798174	205	224	mechanotransduction	T044	C1138568
27798174	265	278	deafness gene	T028	C0017337
27798174	323	342	mechanotransduction	T044	C1138568
27798174	343	350	channel	T116,T123	C0022009
27798174	433	437	TMC1	T116,T123	C1257638
27798174	442	446	TMC2	T116,T123	C3502798
27798174	495	504	discovery	T052	C1880355
27798174	508	522	deafness genes	T028	C0017337
27798174	526	532	humans	T016	C0086418
27798174	537	541	mice	T015	C0025929
27798174	552	561	expressed	T045	C1171362
27798174	587	598	development	T040	C0678723
27798174	624	642	mechanosensitivity	T032	C0871261
27798174	653	662	expressed	T045	C1171362
27798174	686	696	hair cells	T025	C0018496
27798174	717	722	cells	T025	C0007634
27798174	724	744	Fluorescently tagged	T059	C0079367
27798174	745	749	TMCs	T116	C0021699
27798174	750	758	localize	T082	C0392752
27798174	774	785	stereocilia	T026	C0230626
27798174	803	815	transduction	T043	C0037083
27798174	816	824	channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27798174	826	830	TMCs	T116	C0021699
27798174	831	835	bind	T044	C1167622
27798174	842	850	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27798174	865	881	mechanosensation	T032	C0871261
27798174	903	915	transduction	T043	C0037083
27798174	916	923	complex	T080	C0439855
27798174	934	938	TMC1	T116,T123	C1742143
27798174	943	947	TMC2	T116,T123	C3502797
27798174	979	995	genetic deletion	T045	C0017260
27798174	1012	1017	mouse	T015	C0025929
27798174	1018	1028	hair cells	T025	C0018496
27798174	1029	1053	mechanically insensitive	T033	C4282382
27798174	1068	1079	conductance	UnknownType	C0678840
27798174	1084	1090	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27798174	1110	1122	transduction	T043	C0037083
27798174	1123	1131	channels	T116,T123	C0022009
27798174	1146	1158	TMC proteins	T116	C0021699
27798174	1175	1185	hair cells	T025	C0018496
27798174	1186	1193	express	T045	C0017262
27798174	1211	1214	TMC	T028	C1336807
27798174	1233	1237	TMC1	T028	C1424345
27798174	1248	1262	point mutation	T049	C0162735
27798174	1302	1309	current	T043	C0162585
27798174	1310	1319	activated	T052	C1879547
27798174	1323	1333	hair cells	T025	C0018496
27798174	1337	1354	negative pressure	T042	C0596287
27798174	1384	1396	transduction	T043	C0037083
27798174	1397	1404	current	T043	C0162585
27798174	1418	1421	TMC	T028	C1336807
27798174	1422	1432	knock-outs	T050	C1522225
27798174	1464	1473	anomalous	T033	C3277934
27798174	1474	1481	current	T043	C0162585
27798174	1505	1513	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27798174	1568	1598	mechanically gated conductance	T044	C1153472
27798174	1607	1611	TMCs	T116,T123	C1742143
27798174	1673	1677	TMCs	T116	C0021699
27798174	1681	1702	pore-forming subunits	T169	C1321758
27798174	1710	1731	long-sought hair-cell	T025	C0018496
27798174	1732	1744	transduction	T043	C0037083
27798174	1745	1752	channel	T116,T123	C0022009

27798219|t|Impact of antibiotic de-escalation on clinical outcomes in community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia
27798219|a|Although antibiotic de-escalation is regarded as a measure that reduces selection pressure, adverse drug effects and costs, evidence supporting this practice in community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia (CAPP) is lacking. We carried out a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of a cohort of hospitalized adults with CAPP. Pneumococcal aetiology was established in patients with one or more positive cultures for Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from blood, sterile fluids or sputum, and/or a positive urinary antigen test. De-escalation therapy was considered when the initial antibiotic therapy was narrowed to penicillin, amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate within the first 72 h after admission. The primary outcomes were 30 day mortality and length of hospital stay (LOS). Adjustment for confounders was performed with multivariate and propensity score analyses. Of 1410 episodes of CAPP, antibiotic de-escalation within the first 72 h after admission was performed in 166 cases. After adjustment, antibiotic de-escalation was not associated with a higher risk of mortality (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.24-2.81), but it was found to be a protective factor for prolonged LOS (above the median) (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.30-0.70). Similar results were found in patients classified into high-risk pneumonia severity index classes (IV-V), those with clinical instability and those with bacteraemia. No significant differences were documented in adverse drug reactions or readmission (<30 days). Antibiotic de-escalation seems to be safe and effective in reducing the duration of LOS, and did not adversely affect outcomes of patients with CAPP, even those with bacteraemia and severe disease, and those who were clinically unstable.
27798219	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27798219	10	20	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27798219	21	34	de-escalation	T061	C3651014
27798219	38	55	clinical outcomes	T169	C1274040
27798219	59	77	community-acquired	T080	C0456394
27798219	78	100	pneumococcal pneumonia	T047	C0032300
27798219	110	120	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27798219	121	134	de-escalation	T061	C3651014
27798219	165	172	reduces	T080	C0392756
27798219	193	213	adverse drug effects	T046	C0041755
27798219	218	223	costs	T081	C0085123
27798219	225	233	evidence	T078	C3887511
27798219	262	303	community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia	T047	C0032300
27798219	305	309	CAPP	T047	C0032300
27798219	314	321	lacking	T080	C0332268
27798219	340	353	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27798219	354	362	analysis	T062	C0936012
27798219	390	394	data	T078	C1511726
27798219	400	406	cohort	T098	C0599755
27798219	410	429	hospitalized adults	T101	C0001585
27798219	435	439	CAPP	T047	C0032300
27798219	441	453	Pneumococcal	T047	C0032300
27798219	454	463	aetiology	T169	C1314792
27798219	468	479	established	T080	C0443211
27798219	483	491	patients	T101	C0030705
27798219	509	526	positive cultures	T033	C0159125
27798219	531	555	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
27798219	570	575	blood	T031	C0005767
27798219	577	591	sterile fluids	T031	C0005889
27798219	595	601	sputum	T031	C0038056
27798219	612	620	positive	T033	C1446409
27798219	621	641	urinary antigen test	T059	C1319561
27798219	643	664	De-escalation therapy	T061	C3651014
27798219	697	715	antibiotic therapy	T061	C0338237
27798219	732	742	penicillin	T109,T195	C0220892
27798219	744	755	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
27798219	759	782	amoxicillin/clavulanate	T121	C0054066
27798219	811	820	admission	T058	C0184666
27798219	834	842	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27798219	851	854	day	T079	C0439228
27798219	855	864	mortality	T081	C0205848
27798219	869	892	length of hospital stay	T079	C3826195
27798219	894	897	LOS	T079	C3826195
27798219	900	910	Adjustment	T169	C0456081
27798219	931	940	performed	T169	C0884358
27798219	946	958	multivariate	T081	C0026777
27798219	963	979	propensity score	T081	C2718044
27798219	980	988	analyses	T062	C0936012
27798219	1010	1014	CAPP	T047	C0032300
27798219	1016	1026	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27798219	1027	1040	de-escalation	T061	C3651014
27798219	1069	1078	admission	T058	C0184666
27798219	1083	1092	performed	T169	C0884358
27798219	1100	1105	cases	T169	C0868928
27798219	1113	1123	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27798219	1125	1135	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27798219	1136	1149	de-escalation	T061	C3651014
27798219	1158	1173	associated with	T080	C0332281
27798219	1183	1187	risk	T078	C0035647
27798219	1191	1200	mortality	T081	C0205848
27798219	1202	1204	OR	T081	C0028873
27798219	1217	1219	CI	T081	C0009667
27798219	1259	1276	protective factor	T055	C0679688
27798219	1281	1290	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27798219	1291	1294	LOS	T079	C3826195
27798219	1306	1312	median	T081	C0876920
27798219	1315	1317	OR	T081	C0028873
27798219	1330	1332	CI	T081	C0009667
27798219	1355	1362	results	T169	C1274040
27798219	1377	1385	patients	T101	C0030705
27798219	1402	1411	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27798219	1412	1421	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27798219	1464	1484	clinical instability	T033	C1444783
27798219	1500	1511	bacteraemia	T047	C0004610
27798219	1513	1539	No significant differences	T033	C3842396
27798219	1545	1555	documented	T058	C1301725
27798219	1559	1581	adverse drug reactions	T046	C0041755
27798219	1585	1596	readmission	T058	C0184666
27798219	1602	1606	days	T079	C0439228
27798219	1609	1619	Antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27798219	1620	1633	de-escalation	T061	C3651014
27798219	1655	1664	effective	T080	C1704419
27798219	1668	1676	reducing	T080	C0392756
27798219	1681	1689	duration	T079	C0449238
27798219	1693	1696	LOS	T079	C3826195
27798219	1710	1726	adversely affect	T046	C0879626
27798219	1727	1735	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27798219	1739	1747	patients	T101	C0030705
27798219	1753	1757	CAPP	T047	C0032300
27798219	1775	1786	bacteraemia	T047	C0004610
27798219	1791	1805	severe disease	T047	C0012634
27798219	1826	1845	clinically unstable	T033	C0443343

27798289|t|Antigen Masking During Fixation and Embedding, Dissected
27798289|a|Antigen masking in routinely processed tissue is a poorly understood process caused by multiple factors. We sought to dissect the effect on antigenicity of each step of processing by using frozen sections as proxies of the whole tissue. An equivalent extent of antigen masking occurs across variable fixation times at room temperature. Most antigens benefit from longer fixation times (>24 hr) for optimal detection after antigen retrieval (AR; for example, Ki-67, bcl-2, ER). The transfer to a graded alcohol series results in an enhanced staining effect, reproduced by treating the sections with detergents, possibly because of a better access of the polymeric immunohistochemical detection system to tissue structures. A second round of masking occurs upon entering the clearing agent, mostly at the paraffin embedding step. This may depend on the non-freezable water removal. AR fully reverses the masking due both to the fixation time and the paraffin embedding. AR itself destroys some epitopes which do not survive routine processing. Processed frozen sections are a tool to investigate fixation and processing requirements for antigens in routine specimens.
27798289	0	7	Antigen	T129	C0003320
27798289	8	15	Masking	T070	C0005520
27798289	23	31	Fixation	T059	C0085254
27798289	36	45	Embedding	T059	C1707903
27798289	47	56	Dissected	T169	C0205239
27798289	57	64	Antigen	T129	C0003320
27798289	65	72	masking	T070	C0005520
27798289	86	95	processed	T067	C1522240
27798289	96	102	tissue	T024	C0040300
27798289	144	152	multiple	T081	C0439064
27798289	153	160	factors	T169	C1521761
27798289	175	182	dissect	T169	C0205239
27798289	197	209	antigenicity	T038	C3714634
27798289	218	222	step	T077	C1261552
27798289	226	236	processing	T052	C1709694
27798289	246	261	frozen sections	T024	C0016741
27798289	265	272	proxies	T096	C0600420
27798289	280	292	whole tissue	T024	C0040300
27798289	318	325	antigen	T129	C0003320
27798289	326	333	masking	T070	C0005520
27798289	357	365	fixation	T059	C0085254
27798289	366	371	times	T079	C0040223
27798289	375	391	room temperature	T080	C2348236
27798289	398	406	antigens	T129	C0003320
27798289	427	435	fixation	T059	C0085254
27798289	436	441	times	T079	C0040223
27798289	463	472	detection	T033	C0442726
27798289	479	486	antigen	T129	C0003320
27798289	487	496	retrieval	T058	C1514918
27798289	498	500	AR	T058	C1514918
27798289	515	520	Ki-67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
27798289	522	527	bcl-2	T129	C1317122
27798289	529	531	ER	T116,T129	C1545287
27798289	538	546	transfer	T169	C0205245
27798289	552	566	graded alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
27798289	567	573	series	T081	C0205549
27798289	597	612	staining effect	T033	C1704680
27798289	628	636	treating	T169	C1522326
27798289	641	649	sections	T024	C0016741
27798289	655	665	detergents	T120	C0011740
27798289	710	719	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27798289	720	739	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27798289	740	749	detection	T033	C0442726
27798289	750	756	system	T169	C0449913
27798289	760	766	tissue	T024	C0040300
27798289	767	777	structures	T082	C0678594
27798289	797	804	masking	T070	C0005520
27798289	830	844	clearing agent	T120	C4055226
27798289	860	868	paraffin	T109,T122	C0030415
27798289	869	878	embedding	T059	C1707903
27798289	879	883	step	T077	C1261552
27798289	908	921	non-freezable	T080	C0205556
27798289	922	927	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27798289	928	935	removal	T052	C1883720
27798289	937	939	AR	T058	C1514918
27798289	959	966	masking	T070	C0005520
27798289	983	991	fixation	T059	C0085254
27798289	992	996	time	T079	C0040223
27798289	1005	1013	paraffin	T109,T122	C0030415
27798289	1014	1023	embedding	T059	C1707903
27798289	1025	1027	AR	T058	C1514918
27798289	1035	1043	destroys	T052	C1948029
27798289	1049	1057	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27798289	1079	1086	routine	T080	C0205547
27798289	1087	1097	processing	T052	C1709694
27798289	1099	1108	Processed	T067	C1522240
27798289	1109	1124	frozen sections	T024	C0016741
27798289	1139	1150	investigate	T169	C1292732
27798289	1151	1159	fixation	T059	C0085254
27798289	1164	1174	processing	T052	C1709694
27798289	1175	1187	requirements	T169	C1514873
27798289	1192	1200	antigens	T129	C0003320
27798289	1204	1211	routine	T080	C0205547
27798289	1212	1221	specimens	T167	C0370003

27798341|t|Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer Have Poor Adherence to Dietary Guidelines
27798341|a|Poor nutritional intake can exacerbate the chronic disease burden in childhood cancer survivors, whereas a healthful diet serves a protective function. Few studies have provided detailed evaluations of the diet of childhood cancer survivors. This study aimed to evaluate diet quality and dietary intakes of key food groups and nutrients in a large cohort of childhood cancer survivors and whether cancer and treatment characteristics have an impact on survivors ' long-term intake. Diet was assessed in 2570 adult survivors of childhood cancer enrolled in the St. Jude Lifetime cohort (mean age = 32.3 y) by using the Block food-frequency questionnaire. The Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-2010) was calculated to quantify diet quality. Cancer diagnosis and treatment exposure were abstracted from medical records. Differences in HEI-2010 by patient characteristics and treatment exposure were examined by using ANCOVA. The mean ± SD HEI-2010 in childhood cancer survivors was 57.9 ± 12.4 of a maximum score of 100. Referenced to Dietary Reference Intakes, survivors consumed inadequate amounts of vitamin D, vitamin E, potassium, fiber, magnesium, and calcium (27%, 54%, 58%, 59%, 84%, and 90% of the recommended intakes) but excessive amounts of sodium and saturated fat (155% and 115% of the recommended intakes) from foods. Survivors diagnosed when <5 y of age had a lower diet quality than did those diagnosed when ≥5 y of age (mean HEI-2010 score: 56.9 compared with 58.2; P = 0.046). Survivors who received higher radiation doses to the abdomen had a lower diet quality than those who received lower doses (mean HEI-2010 scores = 58.9, 57.2, 56.7, and 56.1 for doses of 0, 1-19.9, 20-29.9, and ≥30 Gy, respectively; P = 0.02). Long-term childhood cancer survivors have poor adherence to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Findings reinforce the need to incorporate nutrition into cancer care to improve diet quality and to reduce morbidities.
27798341	0	5	Adult	T100	C0001675
27798341	6	15	Survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	19	35	Childhood Cancer	T191	C0278704
27798341	41	55	Poor Adherence	T169	C1510802
27798341	59	77	Dietary Guidelines	T170	C3658297
27798341	78	101	Poor nutritional intake	T033	C0231353
27798341	121	136	chronic disease	T047	C0008679
27798341	137	143	burden	T078	C2828008
27798341	147	163	childhood cancer	T191	C0278704
27798341	164	173	survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	185	199	healthful diet	T058	C3661825
27798341	234	241	studies	T062	C2603343
27798341	265	276	evaluations	T058	C0220825
27798341	284	288	diet	T168	C0012155
27798341	292	308	childhood cancer	T191	C0278704
27798341	309	318	survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	325	330	study	T062	C2603343
27798341	340	348	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27798341	349	361	diet quality	T080	C0332306
27798341	366	381	dietary intakes	T040	C1286104
27798341	389	400	food groups	T168	C0016452
27798341	405	414	nutrients	T168	C0678695
27798341	426	432	cohort	T098	C0599755
27798341	436	452	childhood cancer	T191	C0278704
27798341	453	462	survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	475	481	cancer	T191	C0006826
27798341	486	495	treatment	T169	C0039798
27798341	496	511	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27798341	530	539	survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	560	564	Diet	T168	C0012155
27798341	569	577	assessed	T052	C1516048
27798341	586	591	adult	T100	C0001675
27798341	592	601	survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	605	621	childhood cancer	T191	C0278704
27798341	638	662	St. Jude Lifetime cohort	T081	C0009247
27798341	669	672	age	T032	C0001779
27798341	696	730	Block food-frequency questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27798341	736	761	Healthy Eating Index-2010	T061	C4280021
27798341	763	771	HEI-2010	T061	C4280021
27798341	777	787	calculated	T052	C1441506
27798341	791	799	quantify	T081	C1709793
27798341	800	812	diet quality	T080	C0332306
27798341	814	830	Cancer diagnosis	T060	C0920688
27798341	835	853	treatment exposure	T169	C0039798
27798341	875	890	medical records	T170	C0025102
27798341	907	915	HEI-2010	T061	C4280021
27798341	919	942	patient characteristics	T201	C1285579
27798341	947	965	treatment exposure	T169	C0039798
27798341	989	995	ANCOVA	T081	C0814908
27798341	1008	1019	SD HEI-2010	T061	C4280021
27798341	1023	1039	childhood cancer	T191	C0278704
27798341	1040	1049	survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	1107	1132	Dietary Reference Intakes	T170	C2985508
27798341	1134	1143	survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	1153	1163	inadequate	T080	C0205412
27798341	1164	1171	amounts	T081	C1265611
27798341	1175	1184	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27798341	1186	1195	vitamin E	T109,T121,T127	C0042874
27798341	1197	1206	potassium	T168	C0162800
27798341	1208	1213	fiber	T168	C0012173
27798341	1215	1224	magnesium	T196	C2348270
27798341	1230	1237	calcium	T197	C0006726
27798341	1279	1298	recommended intakes	T170	C3658259
27798341	1325	1331	sodium	T168	C0037570
27798341	1336	1349	saturated fat	T168	C0597423
27798341	1372	1391	recommended intakes	T170	C3658259
27798341	1405	1414	Survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	1415	1424	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27798341	1438	1441	age	T032	C0001779
27798341	1454	1466	diet quality	T080	C0332306
27798341	1482	1491	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27798341	1505	1508	age	T032	C0001779
27798341	1510	1529	mean HEI-2010 score	T081	C0449820
27798341	1568	1577	Survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	1598	1613	radiation doses	T081	C4019308
27798341	1621	1628	abdomen	T029	C0000726
27798341	1635	1653	lower diet quality	T080	C0332306
27798341	1684	1689	doses	T081	C0178602
27798341	1691	1711	mean HEI-2010 scores	T081	C0449820
27798341	1745	1750	doses	T081	C0178602
27798341	1811	1837	Long-term childhood cancer	T033	C3896964
27798341	1838	1847	survivors	T101	C0206194
27798341	1853	1867	poor adherence	T169	C1510802
27798341	1880	1898	Dietary Guidelines	T170	C3658297
27798341	1903	1912	Americans	T098	C0596070
27798341	1957	1966	nutrition	T080	C0028722
27798341	1972	1983	cancer care	T061	C0920687
27798341	1995	2007	diet quality	T080	C0332306
27798341	2015	2021	reduce	T061	C0441610
27798341	2022	2033	morbidities	T191	C2609234

27798722|t|Regulatory Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide on Growth and Biochemical Responses to Ozone Stress in Chinese Pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.)
27798722|a|This study examined whether carbon dioxide (CO2) might alleviate ozone (O3) injury to the dominant coniferous forest species of northern China, Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. After 90 days O3 exposure, biomass and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) decreased significantly by 24.44 % and 42.89 % compared with the control. A significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) was shown, suggesting cell membrane damage and oxidative stress. However, the positive responses of biomass dry weight, antioxidative enzymes and soluble sugar contents under elevated CO2 alone and the combination of elevated CO2 and O3 were observed, indicating that CO2 could ameliorate O3-induced injury. The study provided increasing evidence that moderately elevated CO2 levels may have a beneficial effect on the forest ecosystem to respond to global climate change.
27798722	0	10	Regulatory	T077	C1704735
27798722	11	21	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27798722	22	30	Elevated	T080	C3163633
27798722	31	45	Carbon Dioxide	T123,T197	C0007012
27798722	49	55	Growth	T040	C0597252
27798722	60	71	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
27798722	72	81	Responses	T032	C0871261
27798722	85	90	Ozone	T103	C0030106
27798722	91	97	Stress	T043	C2754662
27798722	101	113	Chinese Pine	T002	C1039368
27798722	115	140	Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.	T002	C1039368
27798722	147	152	study	T062	C2603343
27798722	153	161	examined	T033	C0332128
27798722	170	184	carbon dioxide	T123,T197	C0007012
27798722	186	189	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27798722	197	206	alleviate	T080	C0392756
27798722	207	224	ozone (O3) injury	UnknownType	C0238328
27798722	232	240	dominant	T169	C1527180
27798722	241	266	coniferous forest species	T002	C0996594
27798722	270	278	northern	T082	C1709269
27798722	279	284	China	T083	C0008115
27798722	286	311	Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.	T002	C1039368
27798722	321	325	days	T079	C0439228
27798722	326	337	O3 exposure	T033	C0240618
27798722	339	346	biomass	T081	C0005535
27798722	351	369	net photosynthetic	T070	C0031764
27798722	370	374	rate	T081	C1521828
27798722	376	378	Pn	T081	C1521828
27798722	380	389	decreased	T081	C0205216
27798722	427	435	compared	T052	C1707455
27798722	445	452	control	T096	C0009932
27798722	456	467	significant	T078	C0750502
27798722	468	476	increase	T169	C0442805
27798722	480	495	malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
27798722	497	500	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
27798722	513	523	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27798722	524	537	cell membrane	T026	C3161472
27798722	538	544	damage	T169	C1883709
27798722	549	565	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27798722	580	588	positive	T033	C1446409
27798722	589	598	responses	T032	C0871261
27798722	602	620	biomass dry weight	T081	C0005535
27798722	622	643	antioxidative enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27798722	648	655	soluble	T080	C1948047
27798722	656	661	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27798722	662	670	contents	T081	C1264655
27798722	677	685	elevated	T080	C3163633
27798722	686	689	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27798722	704	715	combination	T080	C0205195
27798722	719	727	elevated	T080	C3163633
27798722	728	731	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27798722	736	738	O3	T103	C0030106
27798722	744	752	observed	T169	C1441672
27798722	754	764	indicating	T033	C1444656
27798722	770	773	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27798722	780	790	ameliorate	T033	C0184511
27798722	791	808	O3-induced injury	UnknownType	C0238328
27798722	814	819	study	T062	C2603343
27798722	820	828	provided	T052	C1999230
27798722	829	839	increasing	T169	C0442808
27798722	840	848	evidence	T078	C3887511
27798722	865	873	elevated	T080	C3163633
27798722	874	877	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27798722	878	884	levels	T080	C0441889
27798722	896	906	beneficial	T081	C0814225
27798722	907	913	effect	T080	C1280500
27798722	921	927	forest	T070	C0086312
27798722	928	937	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
27798722	952	958	global	T080	C2348867
27798722	959	973	climate change	T070	C2718051

27798730|t|Cost-effectiveness analysis of apatinib treatment for chemotherapy - refractory advanced gastric cancer
27798730|a|Apatinib, a third-line or later treatment for advanced gastric cancer (aGC), was shown to improve overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with placebo in the phase III trial. Given the modest benefit with high costs, we further evaluated the cost-effectiveness of apatinib for patients with chemotherapy - refractory aGC. A Markov model was developed to simulate the disease process of aGC (PFS, progressive disease, and death) and estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of apatinib to placebo. The health outcomes and utility scores were derived from the phase III trial and previously published sources, respectively. Total costs were calculated from the perspective of the Chinese health-care payer. Sensitivity analysis was used to explore model uncertainties. Treatment with apatinib was estimated to provide an incremental 0.09 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) at an incremental cost of $8113.86 compared with placebo, which resulted in an ICER of $90,154.00 per QALY. Sensitivity analysis showed that across the wide variation of parameters, the ICER exceeded the willingness-to-pay threshold of $23,700.00 per QALY which was three times the Gross Domestic Product per Capita in China. Apatinib is not a cost-effective option for patients with aGC who experienced failure of at least two lines chemotherapy in China. However, for its positive clinical value and subliminal demand, apatinib can provide a new therapeutic option.
27798730	0	27	Cost-effectiveness analysis	T057	C1511536
27798730	31	39	apatinib	T121	C2346836
27798730	40	49	treatment	T061	C0087111
27798730	54	66	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27798730	69	79	refractory	T169	C0205269
27798730	80	103	advanced gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27798730	104	112	Apatinib	T121	C2346836
27798730	116	126	third-line	T061	C2986605
27798730	136	145	treatment	T061	C0087111
27798730	150	173	advanced gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27798730	175	178	aGC	T191	C0699791
27798730	202	218	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27798730	223	248	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
27798730	250	253	PFS	T081	C0242792
27798730	269	276	placebo	T061	C0032042
27798730	284	299	phase III trial	T062	C0282461
27798730	336	341	costs	T081	C0010186
27798730	354	363	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27798730	368	386	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27798730	390	398	apatinib	T121	C2346836
27798730	403	411	patients	T101	C0030705
27798730	417	429	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27798730	432	442	refractory	T169	C0205269
27798730	443	446	aGC	T191	C0699791
27798730	450	462	Markov model	T066	C0009609
27798730	480	488	simulate	T062	C0679083
27798730	493	500	disease	T047	C0012634
27798730	501	508	process	T067	C1522240
27798730	512	515	aGC	T191	C0699791
27798730	517	520	PFS	T081	C0242792
27798730	522	541	progressive disease	T047	C1335499
27798730	547	552	death	T040	C0011065
27798730	571	582	incremental	T081	C1705117
27798730	583	601	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27798730	602	607	ratio	T081	C0456603
27798730	609	613	ICER	T081	C0456603
27798730	618	626	apatinib	T121	C2346836
27798730	630	637	placebo	T061	C0032042
27798730	643	658	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27798730	663	670	utility	T169	C3669222
27798730	671	677	scores	T081	C0449820
27798730	700	715	phase III trial	T062	C0282461
27798730	731	748	published sources	T170	C1704324
27798730	770	775	costs	T081	C0010186
27798730	820	845	Chinese health-care payer	T092	C2348942
27798730	859	867	analysis	T062	C0936012
27798730	888	893	model	T066	C0009609
27798730	894	907	uncertainties	T033	C0087130
27798730	909	918	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27798730	924	932	apatinib	T121	C2346836
27798730	961	972	incremental	T081	C1705117
27798730	978	1005	quality-adjusted life years	T079	C0080071
27798730	1007	1012	QALYs	T079	C0080071
27798730	1020	1031	incremental	T081	C1705117
27798730	1032	1036	cost	T081	C0010186
27798730	1063	1070	placebo	T061	C0032042
27798730	1093	1097	ICER	T081	C0456603
27798730	1116	1120	QALY	T079	C0080071
27798730	1134	1142	analysis	T062	C0936012
27798730	1200	1204	ICER	T081	C0456603
27798730	1265	1269	QALY	T079	C0080071
27798730	1296	1318	Gross Domestic Product	T081	C2936646
27798730	1333	1338	China	T083	C0008115
27798730	1340	1348	Apatinib	T121	C2346836
27798730	1358	1372	cost-effective	T081	C0010181
27798730	1384	1392	patients	T101	C0030705
27798730	1398	1401	aGC	T191	C0699791
27798730	1418	1425	failure	T169	C0231174
27798730	1448	1460	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27798730	1464	1469	China	T083	C0008115
27798730	1497	1505	clinical	T080	C0205210
27798730	1516	1526	subliminal	T080	C0443151
27798730	1535	1543	apatinib	T121	C2346836
27798730	1562	1573	therapeutic	T061	C0087111

27798823|t|Synthesis of 1,2-Dioxetanes as Thermochemiluminescent Labels for Ultrasensitive Bioassays: Rational Prediction of Olefin Photooxygenation Outcome by Using a Chemometric Approach
27798823|a|Great interest in new thermochemiluminescent (TCL) molecules, for example, in bioanalytical assays, has prompted the design and synthesis of a small library of more than 30 olefins to be subjected to photooxygenation, with the aim of obtaining new 1,2-dioxetane-based TCL labels with optimized properties. Fluorine atoms on the acridan system remarkably stabilize 1,2-dioxetanes when they are located in the 3- and/or 6-position (4 h and 4 i). On the other hand, 2,7-difluorinated acridan dioxetane (4 j) showed a significantly enhanced fluorescence quantum yield with respect to the unsubstituted dioxetane (4 a). Some of the synthesized olefins did not undergo singlet oxygen addition and a rationale was sought to ease the photooxygenation step, leading to the TCL dioxetanes. A chemometric approach has been adopted to exploit principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis of the structural and electronic molecular descriptors obtained by DFT optimizations of olefins 3. This approach allows the steric and electronic parameters that govern dioxetane formation to be revealed.
27798823	0	9	Synthesis	T052	C1883254
27798823	13	27	1,2-Dioxetanes	T109,T121	C0212353
27798823	31	60	Thermochemiluminescent Labels	T130	C1522485
27798823	65	89	Ultrasensitive Bioassays	T059	C0005507
27798823	91	110	Rational Prediction	T078	C0681842
27798823	114	120	Olefin	T109	C0002068
27798823	121	137	Photooxygenation	T067	C1254366
27798823	138	145	Outcome	T169	C1274040
27798823	157	177	Chemometric Approach	T059	C0022885
27798823	200	238	thermochemiluminescent (TCL) molecules	T167	C0567416
27798823	256	276	bioanalytical assays	T059	C0005507
27798823	295	301	design	T052	C1707689
27798823	306	315	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27798823	327	334	library	T073,T092	C0023621
27798823	351	358	olefins	T109	C0002068
27798823	378	394	photooxygenation	T067	C1254366
27798823	426	445	1,2-dioxetane-based	T109,T121	C0212353
27798823	446	456	TCL labels	T130	C1522485
27798823	462	482	optimized properties	T080	C0871161
27798823	484	492	Fluorine	T123,T196	C0016330
27798823	506	513	acridan	T109	C0283001
27798823	542	556	1,2-dioxetanes	T109,T121	C0212353
27798823	586	606	3- and/or 6-position	T082	C1254362
27798823	641	676	2,7-difluorinated acridan dioxetane	T109	C0029224
27798823	715	741	fluorescence quantum yield	T081	C0392762
27798823	762	785	unsubstituted dioxetane	T109	C0029224
27798823	805	816	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27798823	817	824	olefins	T109	C0002068
27798823	841	864	singlet oxygen addition	T067	C1254366
27798823	871	880	rationale	T078	C2699007
27798823	904	920	photooxygenation	T067	C1254366
27798823	942	956	TCL dioxetanes	T109	C0029224
27798823	960	980	chemometric approach	T059	C0022885
27798823	1009	1037	principal component analysis	T062	C0936012
27798823	1042	1070	linear discriminant analysis	T062	C0936012
27798823	1078	1088	structural	T082	C0678594
27798823	1093	1125	electronic molecular descriptors	T170	C0282354
27798823	1138	1155	DFT optimizations	T052	C2698650
27798823	1159	1166	olefins	T109	C0002068
27798823	1175	1183	approach	T082	C0449445
27798823	1195	1227	steric and electronic parameters	T077	C0549193
27798823	1240	1249	dioxetane	T109	C0029224
27798823	1250	1259	formation	T169	C1522492
27798823	1266	1274	revealed	T080	C0443289

27798906|t|Radiation - induced Parotid Gland Atrophy in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer After Carbon-ion Radiotherapy
27798906|a|This study aimed to clarify the relationship between dosimetric factors and parotid gland (PG) atrophy after carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT). Fifty-four patients with head and neck tumours were enrolled and 93 irradiated PGs were analyzed. Thirty and 24 patients were treated with total doses [relative biological effectiveness (RBE)] of 57.6 Gy and 64.0 Gy, respectively, in 16 fractions. PG volumes were measured using computed tomographic images obtained before C-ion RT and every 3-6 months thereafter. The median follow-up period was 46.4 months (range =24.0-123.0 months). Univariate analysis showed that PG volumes receiving more than 5, 10, 15, and 20 Gy RBE (V5, V10, V15 and V20, respectively), mean dose, and maximum dose were significantly associated with PG atrophy. Multivariate analysis indicated that only V5 was significantly associated with atrophy. Increasing V5 was a significant risk factor for PG atrophy after C-ion RT.
27798906	0	9	Radiation	T070	C0851346
27798906	12	19	induced	T169	C0205263
27798906	20	41	Parotid Gland Atrophy	T046	C0341045
27798906	45	53	Patients	T101	C0030705
27798906	59	79	Head and Neck Cancer	T191	C0278996
27798906	86	109	Carbon-ion Radiotherapy	T061	C3494442
27798906	115	120	study	T062	C0008972
27798906	130	137	clarify	T052	C2986669
27798906	142	154	relationship	T080	C0439849
27798906	163	173	dosimetric	T059	C0034603
27798906	174	181	factors	T169	C1521761
27798906	186	212	parotid gland (PG) atrophy	T046	C0341045
27798906	219	242	carbon ion radiotherapy	T061	C3494442
27798906	244	252	C-ion RT	T061	C3494442
27798906	266	274	patients	T101	C0030705
27798906	280	301	head and neck tumours	T191	C0018671
27798906	334	337	PGs	T023	C0030580
27798906	367	375	patients	T101	C0030705
27798906	381	393	treated with	T061	C0332293
27798906	394	405	total doses	T081	C0034620
27798906	407	440	relative biological effectiveness	T081	C3825732
27798906	442	445	RBE	T081	C3825732
27798906	503	505	PG	T023	C0030580
27798906	506	513	volumes	T081	C0449468
27798906	519	527	measured	T059	C2700258
27798906	534	561	computed tomographic images	T078	C1551337
27798906	578	586	C-ion RT	T061	C3494442
27798906	601	607	months	T079	C0439231
27798906	624	630	median	T081	C0876920
27798906	631	640	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27798906	641	647	period	T079	C1948053
27798906	657	663	months	T079	C0439231
27798906	665	670	range	T081	C1514721
27798906	683	689	months	T079	C0439231
27798906	692	711	Univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
27798906	724	726	PG	T023	C0030580
27798906	727	734	volumes	T081	C0449468
27798906	776	779	RBE	T081	C3825732
27798906	781	783	V5	T081	C0449468
27798906	785	788	V10	T081	C0449468
27798906	790	793	V15	T081	C0449468
27798906	798	801	V20	T081	C0449468
27798906	818	822	mean	T081	C0444504
27798906	823	827	dose	T081	C0034620
27798906	833	840	maximum	T081	C0806909
27798906	841	845	dose	T081	C0034620
27798906	865	880	associated with	T080	C0332281
27798906	881	891	PG atrophy	T046	C0341045
27798906	893	914	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27798906	935	937	V5	T081	C0449468
27798906	956	971	associated with	T080	C0332281
27798906	972	979	atrophy	T046	C0341045
27798906	981	991	Increasing	T169	C0442808
27798906	992	994	V5	T081	C0449468
27798906	1013	1024	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27798906	1029	1039	PG atrophy	T046	C0341045
27798906	1046	1054	C-ion RT	T061	C3494442

27799038|t|Polymer Nanoparticles as Smart Carriers for the Enhanced Release of Therapeutic Agents to the CNS
27799038|a|The brain is the most protected organ in the human body; its protective shield, relying on a complex system of cells, proteins and transporters, prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream but, on the other hand, it also stops drugs administered via the systemic route. To improve the efficacy of pharmacological treatments, targeted drug delivery by means of polymer nanoparticles is a challenging but, at the same time, efficient strategy. Thanks to a highly multidisciplinary approach, several ways to overcome the brain protection have provided effective solutions to treat a large number of diseases. Important advances in polymer science, together with the development of novel techniques for nanocarrier preparation, and the discovery of novel targeting ligands and molecules, allow a fine-tuning of size, shape, chemicophysical properties and surface chemistry of functional particulate systems; it enables the improvement of the therapeutic performances for several drugs, also toward districts that are difficult to be treated, such as the brain. This review focuses on the great strides made from scientists and doctors in the development of polymer nano-sized drug delivery systems for brain diseases. Even though the optimal nanocarrier was not yet discovered, important advances were made to strive for safer, performant and successful systems, with the expectation to find soon better solutions to cure some still untreatable pathologies.
27799038	0	7	Polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27799038	8	21	Nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27799038	25	39	Smart Carriers	T122	C0013161
27799038	48	56	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
27799038	57	64	Release	T169	C1283071
27799038	68	86	Therapeutic Agents	T121	C1611640
27799038	94	97	CNS	T022	C3714787
27799038	102	107	brain	T023	C0006104
27799038	130	135	organ	T023	C0178784
27799038	143	153	human body	T016	C0242821
27799038	159	176	protective shield	T073	C0336737
27799038	191	198	complex	T104	C1704241
27799038	199	205	system	T169	C0449913
27799038	209	214	cells	T025	C0007634
27799038	216	224	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27799038	229	241	transporters	T116,T123	C0596902
27799038	252	282	potentially harmful substances	T167	C0439861
27799038	301	306	brain	T023	C0006104
27799038	316	327	bloodstream	T039	C0005775
27799038	360	365	stops	T052	C1947925
27799038	366	371	drugs	T121	C1254351
27799038	372	384	administered	T169	C1521801
27799038	393	401	systemic	T169	C0205373
27799038	402	407	route	T169	C0013153
27799038	412	419	improve	T033	C0184511
27799038	424	432	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27799038	436	462	pharmacological treatments	T061	C0013216
27799038	464	486	targeted drug delivery	T074	C0085104
27799038	490	495	means	T077	C1704970
27799038	499	506	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27799038	507	520	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27799038	561	570	efficient	T080	C0442799
27799038	571	579	strategy	T041	C0679199
27799038	593	599	highly	T080	C0205250
27799038	600	626	multidisciplinary approach	T061	C0870721
27799038	628	635	several	T081	C0443302
27799038	644	652	overcome	T052	C2983310
27799038	657	662	brain	T023	C0006104
27799038	663	673	protection	T033	C1545588
27799038	679	687	provided	T052	C1999230
27799038	688	697	effective	T080	C1704419
27799038	698	707	solutions	T077	C2699488
27799038	711	716	treat	T169	C1522326
27799038	735	743	diseases	T047	C0012634
27799038	745	754	Important	T080	C3898777
27799038	767	774	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27799038	775	782	science	T090	C0036397
27799038	784	792	together	T080	C1883357
27799038	802	813	development	T169	C1527148
27799038	817	822	novel	T080	C0205314
27799038	823	833	techniques	T169	C0449851
27799038	838	861	nanocarrier preparation	T052	C1521827
27799038	871	880	discovery	T052	C1880355
27799038	884	889	novel	T080	C0205314
27799038	890	899	targeting	T169	C1521840
27799038	900	907	ligands	T103	C0023688
27799038	912	921	molecules	T167	C0567416
27799038	946	950	size	T082	C0456389
27799038	952	957	shape	T082	C0332479
27799038	959	985	chemicophysical properties	T080	C0871161
27799038	990	1007	surface chemistry	T090	C1883249
27799038	1011	1041	functional particulate systems	T169	C0449913
27799038	1058	1069	improvement	T077	C2986411
27799038	1077	1088	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27799038	1089	1101	performances	T052	C1882330
27799038	1106	1113	several	T081	C0443302
27799038	1114	1119	drugs	T121	C1254351
27799038	1152	1161	difficult	T080	C0332218
27799038	1168	1175	treated	T169	C1522326
27799038	1189	1194	brain	T023	C0006104
27799038	1201	1207	review	T170	C0282443
27799038	1208	1215	focuses	T169	C1285542
27799038	1229	1236	strides	T169	C1280477
27799038	1247	1257	scientists	T097	C0402112
27799038	1262	1269	doctors	T097	C0031831
27799038	1277	1288	development	T169	C1527148
27799038	1292	1299	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27799038	1300	1332	nano-sized drug delivery systems	T074	C0085104
27799038	1337	1351	brain diseases	T047	C0006111
27799038	1369	1376	optimal	T080	C2698651
27799038	1377	1388	nanocarrier	T122	C0013161
27799038	1401	1411	discovered	T052	C1880355
27799038	1413	1422	important	T080	C3898777
27799038	1423	1431	advances	T079	C3854260
27799038	1456	1461	safer	T080	C0205556
27799038	1463	1473	performant	T080	C0205556
27799038	1478	1488	successful	T080	C1272703
27799038	1489	1496	systems	T074	C0085104
27799038	1507	1518	expectation	T078	C0679138
27799038	1532	1538	better	T080	C0332272
27799038	1539	1548	solutions	T077	C2699488
27799038	1552	1556	cure	T077	C1880198
27799038	1580	1591	pathologies	T091	C0030664

27799048|t|Prostate external beam radiotherapy combined with high-dose-rate brachytherapy: dose - volume parameters from deformably-registered plans correlate with late gastrointestinal complications
27799048|a|Derivation of dose - volume correlated with toxicity for multi-modal treatments can be difficult due to the perceived need for voxel-by-voxel dose accumulation. With data available for a single - institution cohort with long follow-up, an investigation was undertaken into rectal dose - volume effects for gastrointestinal toxicities after deformably-registering each phase of a combined external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)/ high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy prostate treatment. One hundred and eighteen patients received EBRT in 23 fractions of 2 Gy and HDR (TG43 algorithm) in 3 fractions of 6.5 Gy. Results for the Late Effects of Normal Tissues - Subjective, Objective, Management and Analytic toxicity assessments were available with a median follow-up of 72 months. The HDR CT was deformably-registered to the EBRT CT. Doses were corrected for dose fractionation. Rectum dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters were calculated in two ways. (1) Distribution-adding: parameters were calculated after the EBRT dose distribution was 3D-summed with the registered HDR dose distribution. (2) Parameter-adding: the EBRT DVH parameters were added to HDR DVH parameters. Logistic regressions and Mann-Whitney U-tests were used to correlate parameters with late peak toxicity (dichotomised at grade 1 or 2). The 48-80, 40-63 and 49-55 Gy dose regions from distribution-adding were significantly correlated with rectal bleeding, urgency / tenesmus and stool frequency respectively. Additionally, urgency / tenesmus and anorectal pain were associated with the 25-26 Gy and 44-48 Gy dose regions from distribution-adding respectively. Parameter-adding also indicated the low - mid dose region was significantly correlated with stool frequency and proctitis. This study confirms significant dose-histogram effects for gastrointestinal toxicities after including deformable registration to combine phases of EBRT / HDR prostate cancer treatment. The findings from distribution-adding were in most cases consistent with those from parameter-adding. The mid - high dose range and near maximum doses were important for rectal bleeding. The distribution-adding mid - high dose range was also important for stool frequency and urgency / tenesmus. We encourage additional studies in a variety of institutions using a variety of dose accumulation methods with appropriate inter-fraction motion management. NCT NCT00193856. Retrospectively registered 12 September 2005.
27799048	0	35	Prostate external beam radiotherapy	T061	C2367589
27799048	36	44	combined	T080	C0205195
27799048	50	78	high-dose-rate brachytherapy	T061	C0454270
27799048	80	84	dose	T081	C0178602
27799048	87	93	volume	T081	C0449468
27799048	94	104	parameters	T033	C0449381
27799048	110	137	deformably-registered plans	T170	C0002045
27799048	138	147	correlate	T080	C1707520
27799048	153	157	late	T079	C0205087
27799048	158	188	gastrointestinal complications	T046	C0161819
27799048	189	199	Derivation	T080	C1441547
27799048	203	207	dose	T081	C0178602
27799048	210	216	volume	T081	C0449468
27799048	217	227	correlated	T080	C1707520
27799048	233	241	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27799048	246	268	multi-modal treatments	T061	C0087111
27799048	276	285	difficult	T080	C0332218
27799048	316	348	voxel-by-voxel dose accumulation	T059	C0022885
27799048	355	359	data	T078	C1511726
27799048	376	382	single	T081	C0205171
27799048	385	396	institution	T073,T093	C0018704
27799048	397	403	cohort	T098	C0599755
27799048	409	413	long	T080	C0205166
27799048	414	423	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27799048	428	441	investigation	T169	C1292732
27799048	462	468	rectal	T082	C0205052
27799048	469	473	dose	T081	C0178602
27799048	476	482	volume	T081	C0449468
27799048	483	490	effects	T080	C1280500
27799048	495	522	gastrointestinal toxicities	T033	C1142499
27799048	557	562	phase	T079	C0205390
27799048	568	576	combined	T080	C0205195
27799048	577	603	external beam radiotherapy	T061	C2367589
27799048	605	609	EBRT	T061	C2367589
27799048	612	646	high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy	T061	C0454270
27799048	647	665	prostate treatment	T061	C0194790
27799048	692	700	patients	T101	C0030705
27799048	710	714	EBRT	T061	C2367589
27799048	721	730	fractions	T081	C1264633
27799048	736	738	Gy	T081	C0556636
27799048	743	746	HDR	T061	C0454270
27799048	748	762	TG43 algorithm	T170	C0002045
27799048	769	778	fractions	T081	C1264633
27799048	786	788	Gy	T081	C0556636
27799048	790	797	Results	T033	C0683954
27799048	806	906	Late Effects of Normal Tissues - Subjective, Objective, Management and Analytic toxicity assessments	T170	C0450973
27799048	929	935	median	T081	C0876920
27799048	936	945	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27799048	952	958	months	T079	C0439231
27799048	964	967	HDR	T061	C0454270
27799048	968	970	CT	T060	C0040405
27799048	1004	1008	EBRT	T061	C2367589
27799048	1009	1011	CT	T060	C0040405
27799048	1013	1018	Doses	T081	C0178602
27799048	1024	1033	corrected	T080	C0205202
27799048	1038	1056	dose fractionation	T061	C0524811
27799048	1058	1064	Rectum	T023	C0034896
27799048	1065	1086	dose-volume histogram	T170	C3827011
27799048	1088	1091	DVH	T170	C3827011
27799048	1093	1103	parameters	T033	C0449381
27799048	1109	1119	calculated	T052	C1441506
27799048	1137	1156	Distribution-adding	T170	C0025663
27799048	1158	1168	parameters	T033	C0449381
27799048	1174	1184	calculated	T052	C1441506
27799048	1195	1199	EBRT	T061	C2367589
27799048	1200	1204	dose	T081	C0178602
27799048	1205	1217	distribution	T169	C1704711
27799048	1252	1255	HDR	T061	C0454270
27799048	1256	1260	dose	T081	C0178602
27799048	1261	1273	distribution	T169	C1704711
27799048	1279	1295	Parameter-adding	T170	C0025663
27799048	1301	1305	EBRT	T061	C2367589
27799048	1306	1309	DVH	T170	C3827011
27799048	1310	1320	parameters	T033	C0449381
27799048	1326	1331	added	T169	C1524062
27799048	1335	1338	HDR	T061	C0454270
27799048	1339	1342	DVH	T170	C3827011
27799048	1343	1353	parameters	T033	C0449381
27799048	1355	1375	Logistic regressions	T062	C0206031
27799048	1380	1400	Mann-Whitney U-tests	T081	C0242927
27799048	1414	1423	correlate	T080	C1707520
27799048	1424	1434	parameters	T033	C0449381
27799048	1440	1444	late	T079	C0205087
27799048	1445	1449	peak	T080	C0444505
27799048	1450	1458	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27799048	1460	1472	dichotomised	T169	C0332849
27799048	1476	1481	grade	T185	C0441800
27799048	1518	1520	Gy	T081	C0556636
27799048	1521	1525	dose	T081	C0178602
27799048	1526	1533	regions	T082	C0205147
27799048	1539	1558	distribution-adding	T170	C0025663
27799048	1564	1577	significantly	T078	C0750502
27799048	1578	1588	correlated	T080	C1707520
27799048	1594	1609	rectal bleeding	T046	C0267596
27799048	1611	1618	urgency	T047	C0085606
27799048	1621	1629	tenesmus	T184	C0232726
27799048	1634	1649	stool frequency	T033	C0426642
27799048	1664	1676	Additionally	T169	C1524062
27799048	1678	1685	urgency	T047	C0085606
27799048	1688	1696	tenesmus	T184	C0232726
27799048	1701	1715	anorectal pain	T184	C0581362
27799048	1721	1736	associated with	T080	C0332281
27799048	1747	1749	Gy	T081	C0556636
27799048	1760	1762	Gy	T081	C0556636
27799048	1763	1767	dose	T081	C0178602
27799048	1768	1775	regions	T082	C0205147
27799048	1781	1800	distribution-adding	T170	C0025663
27799048	1815	1831	Parameter-adding	T170	C0025663
27799048	1851	1854	low	T080	C0205251
27799048	1857	1860	mid	T082	C0444598
27799048	1861	1865	dose	T081	C0178602
27799048	1866	1872	region	T082	C0205147
27799048	1877	1890	significantly	T078	C0750502
27799048	1891	1901	correlated	T080	C1707520
27799048	1907	1922	stool frequency	T033	C0426642
27799048	1927	1936	proctitis	T047	C0033246
27799048	1943	1948	study	T062	C0681814
27799048	1949	1957	confirms	T033	C0750484
27799048	1958	1969	significant	T078	C0750502
27799048	1970	1984	dose-histogram	T170	C3827011
27799048	1985	1992	effects	T080	C1280500
27799048	1997	2024	gastrointestinal toxicities	T033	C1142499
27799048	2031	2040	including	T169	C0332257
27799048	2041	2064	deformable registration	T170	C0002045
27799048	2068	2075	combine	T080	C0205195
27799048	2076	2082	phases	T079	C0205390
27799048	2086	2090	EBRT	T061	C2367589
27799048	2093	2096	HDR	T061	C0454270
27799048	2097	2112	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27799048	2113	2122	treatment	T061	C0087111
27799048	2128	2136	findings	T033	C0243095
27799048	2142	2161	distribution-adding	T170	C0025663
27799048	2175	2180	cases	T169	C0868928
27799048	2181	2196	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27799048	2208	2224	parameter-adding	T170	C0025663
27799048	2230	2233	mid	T082	C0444598
27799048	2236	2240	high	T080	C0205250
27799048	2241	2245	dose	T081	C0178602
27799048	2246	2251	range	T081	C1514721
27799048	2256	2260	near	T080	C1706276
27799048	2261	2268	maximum	T081	C0806909
27799048	2269	2274	doses	T081	C0178602
27799048	2280	2289	important	T080	C3898777
27799048	2294	2309	rectal bleeding	T046	C0267596
27799048	2315	2334	distribution-adding	T170	C0025663
27799048	2335	2338	mid	T082	C0444598
27799048	2341	2345	high	T080	C0205250
27799048	2346	2350	dose	T081	C0178602
27799048	2351	2356	range	T081	C1514721
27799048	2366	2375	important	T080	C3898777
27799048	2380	2395	stool frequency	T033	C0426642
27799048	2400	2407	urgency	T047	C0085606
27799048	2410	2418	tenesmus	T184	C0232726
27799048	2433	2443	additional	T169	C1524062
27799048	2444	2451	studies	T062	C2603343
27799048	2457	2464	variety	T077	C2346866
27799048	2468	2480	institutions	T078	C1272753
27799048	2489	2496	variety	T077	C2346866
27799048	2500	2525	dose accumulation methods	T059	C0022885
27799048	2543	2575	inter-fraction motion management	T058	C1254363

27799085|t|Atheroprotective effects of pure tocotrienol supplementation in the treatment of rabbits with experimentally induced early and established atherosclerosis
27799085|a|Atherosclerosis is the main cause of coronary artery disease -related deaths worldwide. The atheroprotective properties of pure tocotrienols (T3) in the absence of alpha-tocopherol (α-TCP) in vitamin E has not been extensively examined. To determine the atheroprotective properties of T3 in early and established atherosclerosis rabbits. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups, B1 and B2 which represent early [fed 1% high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 2 weeks] and established (fed 1% HCD for 8 weeks) atherosclerosis. Each group was subdivided into three intervention arms: 1) T3 -4 mg/kg, 2) T3 -15 mg/kg and 3) vehicle without T3 (T3 negative) for 8 weeks. Serial fasting blood samples were obtained for lipid profile, and whole lengths of aorta were used to determine tissue markers of endothelial activation, inflammation and plaque stability. In B1, atherosclerotic lesion in T3 -4 mg/kg group was significantly reduced (p=0.008), while aortic tissue expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-12) was reduced in T3 -4 mg/kg compared to T3 -negative rabbits group (0.2±0.1 vs. 28.5±3.1%; 3.0±1.6 vs. 14.0±1.7%; and 5.2±2.2 vs. 27.7±0.8%, respectively, p<0.05). T3 -15 mg/kg group showed reduction in VCAM-1, E-selectin, IL-6 and MMP-12 (3.9±1.9 vs. 28.5±3.1%; 10.3±0.5 vs. 59.8±8.5%; 2.6±1.7 vs. 14.0±1.7%; and 16.2±3.2 vs. 27.7 0.8%, respectively, p<0.05). In B2, T3 -4 mg/kg group reduced aortic tissue expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin, IL-6, MMP-12 and MMP-9 compared to T3 -negative rabbits group (29.9±2.4 vs. 55.3±1.3%; 26.7±1.5 vs. 60.5±7.6%; 15.7±0.7 vs. 27.7±4.8%; 34.8±2.7 vs. 46.5±3.4%; and 25.89±3.9 vs. 45.9±1.7%, respectively, p<0.05). T3 -15 mg/kg group showed reduced VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, IL-6, MMP-12 and MMP-9 (20.5±3.3 vs. 35.6±2.5%; 24.9±1.3 vs. 55.3±1.3%; 29.9±6.7 vs. 60.5±7.6; 11.3±2.2 vs. 27.7±4.8%; 23.0±1.7 vs. 46.5±3.4%; and 17.6±1.9 vs. 45.9±1.7%, respectively, p<0.05. These findings suggest the possible atheroprotective role T3 plays as an adjunct supplementation to standard treatment in the prevention of CAD.
27799085	0	24	Atheroprotective effects	T080	C1280500
27799085	33	44	tocotrienol	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	45	60	supplementation	T061	C0087111
27799085	68	77	treatment	T061	C0087111
27799085	81	88	rabbits	T015	C0324547
27799085	94	108	experimentally	T080	C1517586
27799085	109	116	induced	T169	C0205263
27799085	117	122	early	T079	C1279919
27799085	127	138	established	T080	C0443211
27799085	139	154	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27799085	155	170	Atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27799085	192	215	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010068
27799085	225	231	deaths	T033	C1306577
27799085	247	274	atheroprotective properties	T080	C0871161
27799085	283	295	tocotrienols	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	297	299	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	319	335	alpha-tocopherol	T109,T121,T127	C0969677
27799085	337	342	α-TCP	T109,T121,T127	C0969677
27799085	347	356	vitamin E	T109,T121,T127	C0042874
27799085	409	436	atheroprotective properties	T080	C0871161
27799085	440	442	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	446	451	early	T079	C1279919
27799085	456	467	established	T080	C0443211
27799085	468	483	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27799085	484	491	rabbits	T015	C0324547
27799085	500	525	New Zealand white rabbits	T015	C0324547
27799085	548	554	groups	T078	C0441833
27799085	556	558	B1	T078	C0441833
27799085	563	565	B2	T078	C0441833
27799085	582	587	early	T079	C1279919
27799085	596	617	high cholesterol diet	T168	C0012155
27799085	619	622	HCD	T168	C0012155
27799085	630	635	weeks	T079	C0439230
27799085	641	652	established	T080	C0443211
27799085	661	664	HCD	T168	C0012155
27799085	671	676	weeks	T079	C0439230
27799085	678	693	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27799085	700	705	group	T078	C0441833
27799085	754	756	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	770	772	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	790	797	vehicle	T015	C0324547
27799085	806	808	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	810	812	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	829	834	weeks	T079	C0439230
27799085	843	850	fasting	T033	C0015663
27799085	851	864	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27799085	883	896	lipid profile	T059	C0430044
27799085	908	915	lengths	T081	C1444754
27799085	919	924	aorta	T023	C0003483
27799085	948	954	tissue	T024	C0040300
27799085	955	962	markers	T201	C0005516
27799085	966	988	endothelial activation	T043	C1155002
27799085	990	1002	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27799085	1007	1013	plaque	T033	C0332461
27799085	1014	1023	stability	T080	C0205360
27799085	1028	1030	B1	T078	C0441833
27799085	1032	1047	atherosclerotic	T047	C0004153
27799085	1048	1054	lesion	T033	C0221198
27799085	1058	1060	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	1070	1075	group	T078	C0441833
27799085	1094	1101	reduced	T080	C0392756
27799085	1119	1125	aortic	T023	C0003483
27799085	1126	1132	tissue	T024	C0040300
27799085	1133	1143	expression	T045	C1171362
27799085	1147	1184	vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1	T116,T129	C0078056
27799085	1186	1192	VCAM-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27799085	1195	1208	interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27799085	1210	1214	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27799085	1220	1244	matrix metalloproteinase	T116,T126	C0968475
27799085	1246	1252	MMP-12	T116,T126	C0968475
27799085	1269	1271	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	1281	1289	compared	T052	C1707455
27799085	1293	1295	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	1306	1313	rabbits	T015	C0324547
27799085	1314	1319	group	T078	C0441833
27799085	1417	1419	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	1430	1435	group	T078	C0441833
27799085	1456	1462	VCAM-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27799085	1464	1474	E-selectin	T116,T129,T192	C0115305
27799085	1476	1480	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27799085	1485	1491	MMP-12	T116,T126	C0968475
27799085	1617	1619	B2	T078	C0441833
27799085	1621	1623	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	1633	1638	group	T078	C0441833
27799085	1647	1653	aortic	T023	C0003483
27799085	1654	1660	tissue	T024	C0040300
27799085	1661	1671	expression	T045	C1171362
27799085	1675	1708	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	T116,T129	C0063695
27799085	1710	1716	ICAM-1	T116,T129	C0063695
27799085	1719	1729	E-selectin	T116,T129,T192	C0115305
27799085	1731	1735	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27799085	1737	1743	MMP-12	T116,T126	C0968475
27799085	1748	1753	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27799085	1766	1768	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	1779	1786	rabbits	T015	C0324547
27799085	1787	1792	group	T078	C0441833
27799085	1942	1944	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	1955	1960	group	T078	C0441833
27799085	1976	1982	VCAM-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27799085	1984	1990	ICAM-1	T116,T129	C0063695
27799085	2004	2008	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27799085	2010	2016	MMP-12	T116,T126	C0968475
27799085	2021	2026	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27799085	2203	2211	findings	T033	C0243095
27799085	2233	2254	atheroprotective role	T078	C0086939
27799085	2255	2257	T3	T109,T121,T127	C0949647
27799085	2270	2293	adjunct supplementation	T061	C0677850
27799085	2306	2315	treatment	T061	C0087111
27799085	2323	2333	prevention	T061	C0679698
27799085	2337	2340	CAD	T047	C0010068

27799311|t|Acetylation Modulates IL-2 Receptor Signaling in T Cells
27799311|a|Ligand binding to the cognate cytokine receptors activates intracellular signaling by recruiting protein tyrosine kinases and other protein modification enzymes. However, the roles of protein modifications other than phosphorylation remain unclear. In this study, we examine a novel regulatory mechanism of Stat5, based on its acetylation. As for phosphorylation, IL-2 induces the acetylation of signaling molecules, including Stat5, in the murine T cell line CTLL-2. Stat5 is acetylated in the cytoplasm by CREB-binding protein (CBP). Acetylated Lys(696) and Lys(700) on Stat5 are critical indicators for limited proteolysis, which leads to the generation of a truncated form of Stat5. In turn, the truncated form of Stat5 prevents transcription of the full-length form of Stat5. We also demonstrate that CBP physically associates with the IL-2 receptor β-chain. CBP, found in the nucleus in resting CTLL-2 cells, relocates to the cytoplasm after IL-2 stimulation in an MEK/ERK pathway -dependent manner. Thus, IL-2 -mediated acetylation plays an important role in the modulation of cytokine signaling and T cell fate.
27799311	0	11	Acetylation	T044	C0001038
27799311	12	21	Modulates	UnknownType	C0678672
27799311	22	35	IL-2 Receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0034819
27799311	36	45	Signaling	T044	C1514762
27799311	49	56	T Cells	T025	C0039194
27799311	57	71	Ligand binding	T044	C1517880
27799311	79	86	cognate	T080	C0205556
27799311	87	105	cytokine receptors	T116,T129,T192	C0206552
27799311	106	115	activates	T052	C1879547
27799311	116	139	intracellular signaling	T043	C0037083
27799311	154	178	protein tyrosine kinases	T116,T126	C0033681
27799311	189	209	protein modification	T044	C2263112
27799311	210	217	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27799311	241	262	protein modifications	T044	C2263112
27799311	274	289	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27799311	314	319	study	T062	C2603343
27799311	324	331	examine	T169	C1292732
27799311	340	350	regulatory	T077	C1704735
27799311	351	360	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27799311	364	369	Stat5	T116,T123	C1121634
27799311	384	395	acetylation	T044	C0001038
27799311	404	419	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27799311	421	425	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27799311	426	433	induces	T169	C0205263
27799311	438	449	acetylation	T044	C0001038
27799311	453	472	signaling molecules	T123	C1519315
27799311	474	483	including	T169	C0332257
27799311	484	489	Stat5	T116,T123	C1121634
27799311	498	516	murine T cell line	T025	C0007600
27799311	517	523	CTLL-2	T025	C0007600
27799311	525	530	Stat5	T116,T123	C1121634
27799311	534	544	acetylated	T044	C0001038
27799311	552	561	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27799311	565	585	CREB-binding protein	T116	C0256079
27799311	586	591	(CBP)	T116	C0256079
27799311	593	603	Acetylated	T044	C0001038
27799311	604	612	Lys(696)	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
27799311	617	625	Lys(700)	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
27799311	629	634	Stat5	T116,T123	C1121634
27799311	648	658	indicators	T169	C1522602
27799311	663	670	limited	T169	C0439801
27799311	671	682	proteolysis	T044	C0597304
27799311	703	713	generation	T052	C3146294
27799311	719	733	truncated form	T080	C1282927
27799311	737	742	Stat5	T116,T123	C1121634
27799311	757	771	truncated form	T080	C1282927
27799311	775	780	Stat5	T116,T123	C1121634
27799311	781	789	prevents	T169	C1292733
27799311	790	803	transcription	T045	C0040649
27799311	811	827	full-length form	T081	C1444754
27799311	831	836	Stat5	T116,T123	C1121634
27799311	863	866	CBP	T116	C0256079
27799311	867	877	physically	T169	C0205485
27799311	878	888	associates	T080	C0332281
27799311	898	919	IL-2 receptor β-chain	T116,T129,T192	C1173313
27799311	921	924	CBP	T116	C0256079
27799311	939	946	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27799311	950	957	resting	T043	C1522436
27799311	958	970	CTLL-2 cells	T025	C0007600
27799311	972	981	relocates	T043	C0599813
27799311	989	998	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27799311	1005	1009	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27799311	1028	1043	MEK/ERK pathway	T044	C3179233
27799311	1069	1073	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27799311	1084	1095	acetylation	T044	C0001038
27799311	1127	1137	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27799311	1141	1159	cytokine signaling	T043	C1155359
27799311	1164	1170	T cell	T025	C0039194
27799311	1171	1175	fate	T043	C1540661

27799314|t|IL-27 Is Essential for Suppression of Experimental Allergic Asthma by the TLR7 / 8 Agonist R848 (Resiquimod)
27799314|a|Different models of experimental allergic asthma have shown that the TLR7 / 8 agonist resiquimod (R848) is a potential inhibitor of type 2 helper cell -driven inflammatory responses. However, the mechanisms mediating its therapeutic effects are not fully understood. Using a model of experimental allergic asthma, we show that induction of IL-27 by R848 is critical for the observed ameliorative effects. R848 significantly inhibited all hallmarks of experimental allergic asthma, including airway hyperreactivity, eosinophilic airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and Ag - specific Ig production. Whereas R848 significantly reduced IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17, it induced IFN-γ and IL-27. Neutralization of IL-27 completely reversed the therapeutic effect of R848 in the experimental asthma model, demonstrating dependence of R848 -mediated suppression on IL-27. In vitro, R848 induced production of IL-27 by murine alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells and enhanced expression of programmed death-ligand 1, whose expression on monocytes and dendritic cells has been shown to regulate peripheral tolerance in both murine and human studies. Moreover, in vitro IL-27 enhanced secretion of IFN-γ whereas it inhibited IL-5 and IL-13, demonstrating its direct effect on attenuating Th2 responses. Taken together, our study proves that R848 -mediated suppression of experimental asthma is dependent on IL-27. These data provide evidence of a central role of IL-27 for the control of Th2 -mediated allergic diseases.
27799314	0	5	IL-27	T116,T129	C1706289
27799314	23	34	Suppression	T061	C0021079
27799314	38	50	Experimental	T080	C1517586
27799314	51	66	Allergic Asthma	T047	C0155877
27799314	74	78	TLR7	T116,T129,T192	C1579758
27799314	81	82	8	T116,T192	C1579755
27799314	83	90	Agonist	T121	C2987634
27799314	91	95	R848	T109,T121	C3642356
27799314	97	107	Resiquimod	T109,T121	C0965594
27799314	119	141	models of experimental	T050	C0684309
27799314	142	157	allergic asthma	T047	C0155877
27799314	178	182	TLR7	T116,T129,T192	C1579758
27799314	185	186	8	T116,T192	C1579755
27799314	187	194	agonist	T121	C2987634
27799314	195	205	resiquimod	T109,T121	C0965594
27799314	207	211	R848	T109,T121	C3642356
27799314	228	237	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27799314	241	259	type 2 helper cell	T025	C0242633
27799314	268	290	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
27799314	330	349	therapeutic effects	T201	C1527144
27799314	384	405	model of experimental	T050	C0684309
27799314	406	421	allergic asthma	T047	C0155877
27799314	436	445	induction	T061	C0857127
27799314	449	454	IL-27	T116,T129	C1706289
27799314	458	462	R848	T109,T121	C3642356
27799314	492	504	ameliorative	T080	C0332272
27799314	514	518	R848	T109,T121	C3642356
27799314	533	542	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27799314	547	556	hallmarks	T025	C1512330
27799314	560	572	experimental	T080	C1517586
27799314	573	588	allergic asthma	T047	C0155877
27799314	600	622	airway hyperreactivity	T047	C0004096
27799314	624	636	eosinophilic	T169	C0333930
27799314	637	643	airway	T023	C0458827
27799314	644	656	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27799314	658	678	mucus hypersecretion	T047	C0155872
27799314	684	686	Ag	T129	C0003320
27799314	689	700	specific Ig	T116,T121,T129	C0358334
27799314	701	711	production	T038	C0003261
27799314	721	725	R848	T109,T121	C3642356
27799314	748	752	IL-5	T116,T129	C0021759
27799314	754	759	IL-13	T116,T129	C0214743
27799314	765	770	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27799314	783	788	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27799314	793	798	IL-27	T116,T129	C1706289
27799314	800	814	Neutralization	T169	C2987668
27799314	818	823	IL-27	T116,T129	C1706289
27799314	848	866	therapeutic effect	T201	C1527144
27799314	870	874	R848	T109,T121	C3642356
27799314	882	894	experimental	T080	C1517586
27799314	895	901	asthma	T047	C0004096
27799314	902	907	model	T050	C0684309
27799314	937	941	R848	T109,T121	C3642356
27799314	952	963	suppression	T061	C0021079
27799314	967	972	IL-27	T116,T129	C1706289
27799314	974	982	In vitro	T080	C1533691
27799314	984	988	R848	T109,T121	C3642356
27799314	989	996	induced	T061	C0857127
27799314	1011	1016	IL-27	T116,T129	C1706289
27799314	1020	1026	murine	T015	C0026809
27799314	1027	1047	alveolar macrophages	T025	C0085236
27799314	1052	1067	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
27799314	1072	1080	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27799314	1081	1091	expression	T045	C1171362
27799314	1095	1120	programmed death-ligand 1	T129	C4300350
27799314	1128	1138	expression	T045	C1171362
27799314	1142	1151	monocytes	T025	C0085236
27799314	1156	1171	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
27799314	1190	1198	regulate	T038	C1327622
27799314	1199	1219	peripheral tolerance	T042	C3179073
27799314	1228	1234	murine	T015	C0026809
27799314	1239	1244	human	T016	C0086418
27799314	1264	1272	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27799314	1273	1278	IL-27	T116,T129	C1706289
27799314	1279	1287	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27799314	1288	1297	secretion	T043	C1327616
27799314	1301	1306	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27799314	1318	1327	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27799314	1328	1332	IL-5	T116,T129	C0021759
27799314	1337	1342	IL-13	T116,T129	C0214743
27799314	1391	1394	Th2	T025	C0242633
27799314	1444	1448	R848	T109,T121	C3642356
27799314	1459	1470	suppression	T061	C0021079
27799314	1474	1486	experimental	T080	C1517586
27799314	1487	1493	asthma	T047	C0004096
27799314	1510	1515	IL-27	T116,T129	C1706289
27799314	1566	1571	IL-27	T116,T129	C1706289
27799314	1591	1594	Th2	T025	C0242633
27799314	1605	1622	allergic diseases	T047	C1504369

27799731|t|Microcapillary sign of flap alignment in femtosecond laser -assisted in situ keratomileusis
27799731|a|We present an observational sign that ensures perfect alignment during femtosecond laser -assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS LASIK). Alignment is assured when a microsponge is used to dry the flap and the area of dryness exceeds the area of direct touch of the microsponge. The area might even reach the whole circumference of the flap at the first touch. This sign of alignment can be explained by microcapillary action. This sign was not elicited in flaps created by a microkeratome.
27799731	0	14	Microcapillary	T074	C0993677
27799731	23	27	flap	T023	C0038925
27799731	28	37	alignment	T081	C1706765
27799731	41	58	femtosecond laser	T074	C1531960
27799731	69	91	in situ keratomileusis	T061	C0752094
27799731	106	119	observational	T060	C1964257
27799731	146	155	alignment	T081	C1706765
27799731	163	180	femtosecond laser	T074	C1531960
27799731	191	213	in situ keratomileusis	T061	C0752094
27799731	215	223	FS LASIK	T061	C0752094
27799731	226	235	Alignment	T081	C1706765
27799731	254	265	microsponge	T074	C0441126
27799731	277	280	dry	T080	C0205222
27799731	285	289	flap	T023	C0038925
27799731	298	302	area	T082	C0205146
27799731	306	313	dryness	T080	C0205222
27799731	326	330	area	T082	C0205146
27799731	341	346	touch	T080	C0439815
27799731	354	365	microsponge	T074	C0441126
27799731	371	375	area	T082	C0205146
27799731	403	416	circumference	T081	C0332520
27799731	424	428	flap	T023	C0038925
27799731	442	447	touch	T080	C0439815
27799731	462	471	alignment	T081	C1706765
27799731	492	513	microcapillary action	T067	C1254366
27799731	545	550	flaps	T023	C0038925
27799731	564	577	microkeratome	T074	C1260869

27799763|t|Prescription of opioids for breathlessness in end-stage COPD: a national population-based study
27799763|a|Low-dose opioids can relieve breathlessness but may be underused in late-stage COPD due to fear of complications, contributing to poor symptom control. We aimed to study the period prevalence and indications of opioids actually prescribed in people with end-stage COPD. The study was a longitudinal, population-based study of patients starting long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) for COPD between October 1, 2005 and June 30, 2009 in Sweden. A random sample (n=2,000) of their dispensed opioid prescriptions was obtained from the national Prescribed Drugs Register from 91 days before starting LTOT until the first of LTOT withdrawal, death, or study end (December 31, 2009). We analyzed medication type, dispensed quantity, date of dispensing, and indications categorized as pain, breathlessness, other, or unknown. In total, 2,249 COPD patients (59% women) were included. During a median follow-up of 1.1 (interquartile range 0.6-2.0) years, 1,034 patients (46%) were dispensed ≥1 opioid prescription (N=13,722 prescriptions). The most frequently prescribed opioids were tramadol (23%), oxycodone (23%), morphine (16%), and codeine (16%). Average dispensed quantity was 9.3 (interquartile range 3.7-16.7) defined daily doses per prescription. In the random sample, the most commonly stated indication was pain (97%), with only 2% for breathlessness and 1% for other reasons. Despite evidence that supported the use of opioids for the relief of breathlessness predating this study, opioids are rarely prescribed to relieve breathlessness in oxygen-dependent COPD, potentially contributing to less-than-optimal symptom control. This study creates a baseline against which to compare future changes in morphine prescribing in this setting.
27799763	0	12	Prescription	T170	C1521941
27799763	16	23	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27799763	28	42	breathlessness	T184	C0013404
27799763	46	55	end-stage	T080	C0205088
27799763	56	60	COPD	T047	C0024117
27799763	73	95	population-based study	T062	C1709599
27799763	96	104	Low-dose	T081	C0445550
27799763	105	112	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27799763	117	124	relieve	T169	C1301676
27799763	125	139	breathlessness	T184	C0013404
27799763	164	174	late-stage	T079	C1279941
27799763	175	179	COPD	T047	C0024117
27799763	187	191	fear	T041	C0015726
27799763	195	208	complications	T046	C0009566
27799763	231	246	symptom control	T061	C1274136
27799763	260	265	study	T062	C2603343
27799763	270	276	period	T079	C1948053
27799763	292	303	indications	T078	C3146298
27799763	307	314	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27799763	324	334	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27799763	338	344	people	T098	C0027361
27799763	350	359	end-stage	T080	C0205088
27799763	360	364	COPD	T047	C0024117
27799763	370	375	study	T062	C2603343
27799763	382	394	longitudinal	T062	C0023981
27799763	396	418	population-based study	T062	C1709599
27799763	422	430	patients	T101	C0030705
27799763	440	464	long-term oxygen therapy	T061	C0418996
27799763	466	470	LTOT	T061	C0418996
27799763	476	480	COPD	T047	C0024117
27799763	526	532	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27799763	569	578	dispensed	T058	C1880359
27799763	579	585	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27799763	586	599	prescriptions	T170	C1521941
27799763	622	656	national Prescribed Drugs Register	T170	C0282574
27799763	665	669	days	T079	C0439228
27799763	686	690	LTOT	T061	C0418996
27799763	710	714	LTOT	T061	C0418996
27799763	715	725	withdrawal	T052	C2349954
27799763	727	732	death	T040	C0011065
27799763	737	746	study end	T079	C2983670
27799763	797	815	dispensed quantity	T081	C0805077
27799763	817	835	date of dispensing	T033	C0243095
27799763	841	852	indications	T078	C3146298
27799763	868	872	pain	T184	C0030193
27799763	874	888	breathlessness	T184	C0013404
27799763	925	929	COPD	T047	C0024117
27799763	930	938	patients	T101	C0030705
27799763	944	949	women	T098	C0043210
27799763	982	991	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27799763	1000	1019	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27799763	1029	1034	years	T079	C0439234
27799763	1042	1050	patients	T101	C0030705
27799763	1062	1071	dispensed	T058	C1880359
27799763	1075	1081	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27799763	1082	1094	prescription	T058	C0033080
27799763	1105	1118	prescriptions	T058	C0033080
27799763	1141	1151	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27799763	1152	1159	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27799763	1165	1173	tramadol	T109,T121	C0040610
27799763	1181	1190	oxycodone	T109,T121	C0030049
27799763	1198	1206	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27799763	1218	1225	codeine	T109,T121	C0009214
27799763	1241	1259	dispensed quantity	T081	C0805077
27799763	1269	1288	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27799763	1307	1318	daily doses	T081	C2348070
27799763	1323	1335	prescription	T058	C0033080
27799763	1351	1357	sample	T167	C0370003
27799763	1384	1394	indication	T078	C3146298
27799763	1399	1403	pain	T184	C0030193
27799763	1428	1442	breathlessness	T184	C0013404
27799763	1512	1519	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27799763	1528	1534	relief	T169	C1301676
27799763	1538	1552	breathlessness	T184	C0013404
27799763	1568	1573	study	T062	C2603343
27799763	1575	1582	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27799763	1594	1604	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27799763	1608	1615	relieve	T169	C1301676
27799763	1616	1630	breathlessness	T184	C0013404
27799763	1634	1650	oxygen-dependent	T042	C1655730
27799763	1651	1655	COPD	T047	C0024117
27799763	1703	1718	symptom control	T061	C1274136
27799763	1725	1730	study	T062	C2603343
27799763	1741	1749	baseline	T081	C1442488
27799763	1793	1801	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549

27799834|t|A comparison of functional outcomes in patients undergoing revision arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears with and without arthroscopic suprascapular nerve release
27799834|a|This study was designed to compare functional outcomes in patients undergoing revision repair of massive rotator cuff tears (retracted medial to the glenoid) with Goutallier Grade 4 atrophy and concomitant release of the suprascapular nerve to a similar group of patients with Grade 3 atrophy undergoing revision rotator cuff repair (RTCR) without nerve release. We hypothesized that patients undergoing nerve release would have more favorable functional outcomes as measured by the Modified University of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale (UCLA). Twenty-two patients underwent revision repair of massive rotator cuff tears with release of the suprascapular nerve at the suprascapular notch. We compared total preoperative, postoperative, and change in UCLA score in these patients to a similar group of 22 patients undergoing revision RTCR without suprascapular nerve release. Additionally, UCLA subscores between the two groups were compared preoperatively and at final follow-up. The average preoperative UCLA score in the nerve-release group was 7.91, and final follow-up average was 27.86; average 3.05 grades of strength were recovered. In the comparison group, average preoperative UCLA score was 11.77, and final follow-up average was 29.09; average 1.32 grades of strength were recovered. The average preoperative UCLA score was significantly worse in the nerve-release group (P=0.007). The average postoperative UCLA score was not significantly different (P=0.590) between the groups, indicating a better improvement in the nerve-release group with significantly greater improvement in active forward flexion, strength, and pain relief. Patients who underwent concomitant release of the suprascapular nerve during revision RTCR had greater overall improvement as noted in pain relief, active forward flexion, and strength, than a comparable group without nerve release.
27799834	16	26	functional	T169	C0205245
27799834	39	47	patients	T101	C0030705
27799834	59	87	revision arthroscopic repair	T061	C1997575
27799834	99	117	rotator cuff tears	T047	C0263912
27799834	127	134	without	T080	C0332288
27799834	135	147	arthroscopic	T082	C0443142
27799834	148	175	suprascapular nerve release	T061	C3515385
27799834	211	221	functional	T169	C0205245
27799834	234	242	patients	T101	C0030705
27799834	254	269	revision repair	T061	C1997575
27799834	281	299	rotator cuff tears	T047	C0263912
27799834	301	317	retracted medial	T082	C1254362
27799834	325	332	glenoid	T030	C1261046
27799834	339	365	Goutallier Grade 4 atrophy	T046	C0026846
27799834	382	416	release of the suprascapular nerve	T061	C3515385
27799834	439	447	patients	T101	C0030705
27799834	453	468	Grade 3 atrophy	T046	C0026846
27799834	480	508	revision rotator cuff repair	T061	C1997575
27799834	510	514	RTCR	T061	C1997575
27799834	524	537	nerve release	T061	C3515385
27799834	560	568	patients	T101	C0030705
27799834	580	593	nerve release	T061	C3515385
27799834	620	630	functional	T169	C0205245
27799834	668	692	University of California	T092	C1883464
27799834	696	707	Los Angeles	T083	C0024015
27799834	708	729	shoulder rating scale	T081,T170	C0681889
27799834	731	735	UCLA	T081,T170	C0681889
27799834	749	757	patients	T101	C0030705
27799834	768	783	revision repair	T061	C1997575
27799834	795	813	rotator cuff tears	T047	C0263912
27799834	819	853	release of the suprascapular nerve	T061	C3515385
27799834	861	880	suprascapular notch	T029	C0816410
27799834	900	912	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27799834	914	927	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27799834	943	953	UCLA score	T080	C0237855
27799834	963	971	patients	T101	C0030705
27799834	985	990	group	T098	C1257890
27799834	997	1005	patients	T101	C0030705
27799834	1017	1030	revision RTCR	T061	C1997575
27799834	1031	1038	without	T080	C0332288
27799834	1039	1066	suprascapular nerve release	T061	C3515385
27799834	1113	1119	groups	T098	C1257890
27799834	1134	1148	preoperatively	T079	C0445204
27799834	1162	1171	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27799834	1185	1197	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27799834	1198	1208	UCLA score	T080	C0237855
27799834	1216	1235	nerve-release group	T098	C1257890
27799834	1256	1265	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27799834	1351	1356	group	T098	C1257890
27799834	1366	1378	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27799834	1379	1389	UCLA score	T080	C0237855
27799834	1411	1420	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27799834	1500	1512	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27799834	1513	1523	UCLA score	T080	C0237855
27799834	1555	1574	nerve-release group	T098	C1257890
27799834	1598	1611	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27799834	1612	1622	UCLA score	T080	C0237855
27799834	1677	1683	groups	T098	C1257890
27799834	1724	1743	nerve-release group	T098	C1257890
27799834	1801	1808	flexion	T042	C0231452
27799834	1810	1818	strength	T042	C0517349
27799834	1824	1835	pain relief	T061	C0451615
27799834	1837	1845	Patients	T101	C0030705
27799834	1872	1906	release of the suprascapular nerve	T061	C3515385
27799834	1914	1927	revision RTCR	T061	C1997575
27799834	1972	1983	pain relief	T061	C0451615
27799834	1985	2007	active forward flexion	T042	C0231452
27799834	2013	2021	strength	T042	C0517349
27799834	2041	2046	group	T098	C1257890
27799834	2047	2054	without	T080	C0332288
27799834	2055	2068	nerve release	T061	C3515385

27799920|t|Genetic Identification of a PilT Motor in Geobacter sulfurreducens Reveals a Role for Pilus Retraction in Extracellular Electron Transfer
27799920|a|The metal - reducing bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens requires the expression of conductive pili to reduce iron oxides and to wire electroactive biofilms, but the role of pilus retraction in these functions has remained elusive. Here we show that of the four PilT proteins encoded in the genome of G. sulfurreducens, PilT3 powered pilus retraction in planktonic cells of a PilT - deficient strain of P. aeruginosa and restored the dense mutant biofilms to wild-type levels. Furthermore, PilT3 and PilT4 rescued the twitching motility defect of the PilT - deficient mutant. However, PilT4 was the only paralog whose inactivation in G. sulfurreducens lead to phenotypes associated with the hyperpiliation of non-retractile mutants such as enhanced adhesion and biofilm-forming abilities. In addition, PilT4 was required to reduce iron oxides. Taken together, the results indicate that PilT4 is the motor ATPase of G. sulfurreducens pili and reveal a previously unrecognized role for pilus retraction in extracellular electron transfer, a strategy that confers on Geobacter spp. an adaptive advantage for metal reduction in the natural environment.
27799920	0	22	Genetic Identification	T059	C0796344
27799920	28	38	PilT Motor	T116,T123	C1720835
27799920	42	66	Geobacter sulfurreducens	T007	C1005676
27799920	77	81	Role	T077	C1705810
27799920	86	102	Pilus Retraction	T043	C1326523
27799920	106	119	Extracellular	T026	C0521119
27799920	120	137	Electron Transfer	T044	C0013846
27799920	142	147	metal	T197	C0025552
27799920	150	158	reducing	T070	C0301630
27799920	159	168	bacterium	T007	C0004611
27799920	169	193	Geobacter sulfurreducens	T007	C1005676
27799920	207	217	expression	T045	C0017262
27799920	221	231	conductive	T080	C0205556
27799920	232	236	pili	T026	C0031921
27799920	240	246	reduce	T070	C0301630
27799920	247	258	iron oxides	T121,T197	C0060240
27799920	271	293	electroactive biofilms	T007	C0081786
27799920	303	307	role	T077	C1705810
27799920	311	327	pilus retraction	T043	C1326523
27799920	337	346	functions	T043	C0007613
27799920	399	412	PilT proteins	T116,T123	C1720835
27799920	413	420	encoded	T052	C2700640
27799920	428	434	genome	T028	C0017428
27799920	438	455	G. sulfurreducens	T007	C1005676
27799920	457	462	PilT3	T116,T123	C1720835
27799920	471	487	pilus retraction	T043	C1326523
27799920	491	507	planktonic cells	T025	C0007634
27799920	513	517	PilT	T116,T123	C1720835
27799920	520	529	deficient	T169	C0011155
27799920	530	536	strain	T001	C1518614
27799920	540	553	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27799920	558	566	restored	T052	C0441655
27799920	571	576	dense	T080	C0439794
27799920	577	583	mutant	T028	C0678941
27799920	584	592	biofilms	T007	C0081786
27799920	596	605	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27799920	606	612	levels	T080	C0441889
27799920	627	632	PilT3	T116,T123	C1720835
27799920	637	642	PilT4	T116,T123	C1720835
27799920	655	673	twitching motility	T043	C1752724
27799920	688	692	PilT	T116,T123	C1720835
27799920	695	704	deficient	T169	C0011155
27799920	705	711	mutant	T028	C0678941
27799920	722	727	PilT4	T116,T123	C1720835
27799920	741	748	paralog	T185	C0008902
27799920	755	767	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27799920	771	788	G. sulfurreducens	T007	C1005676
27799920	797	807	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27799920	808	823	associated with	T080	C0332281
27799920	828	842	hyperpiliation	T043	C0007613
27799920	846	868	non-retractile mutants	T028	C0678941
27799920	886	894	adhesion	T040	C0004614
27799920	939	944	PilT4	T116,T123	C1720835
27799920	961	967	reduce	T070	C0301630
27799920	968	979	iron oxides	T121,T197	C0060240
27799920	1023	1028	PilT4	T116,T123	C1720835
27799920	1042	1048	ATPase	T116,T126	C1706373
27799920	1052	1069	G. sulfurreducens	T007	C1005676
27799920	1070	1074	pili	T026	C0031921
27799920	1099	1111	unrecognized	T080	C4288068
27799920	1112	1116	role	T077	C1705810
27799920	1121	1137	pilus retraction	T043	C1326523
27799920	1141	1154	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27799920	1155	1172	electron transfer	T044	C0013846
27799920	1201	1214	Geobacter spp	T007	C1012737
27799920	1242	1247	metal	T197	C0025552
27799920	1248	1257	reduction	T070	C0301630
27799920	1265	1284	natural environment	T082	C0557745

27801735|t|Fading With Time of PD-L1 Immunoreactivity in Non-Small Cells Lung Cancer Tissues: A Methodological Study
27801735|a|Blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints is currently arising as a potential immunologic option for tumor therapy. Inhibition of programmed cell death protein 1 and/or its specific ligand programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was effective in clinical trials in advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) bladder and kidney cancer. The predictive role of the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PD-L1 is highly debated. Different reagents, clones, cutoffs of cell expression and subjective interpretation of PD-L1 immunoreactivity in epithelial cells and lymphocytes are the main issue. In this study we selected 58 consecutive NSCLC surgical specimens that underwent pathologic examination from January 2014 to July 2015. Using a tissue microarray approach we evaluated the IHC expression of PD-L1 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor cells (TCs) and compared the ICH staining with tumor histology, grade and the age of the tissue blocks. The main new finding was the fading of PD-L1 IHC expression in TCs in tissues processed in 2014 compared with 2015. PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the 2 years was similar. We also found a significant higher immunoreactivity of TCs in high grade NSCLC and in the squamous carcinoma histotype compared with low grade tumors and the adenocarcinoma histology (P=0.013). We demonstrated that the IHC evaluation of PD-L1 in NSCLC archival tissues is feasible and can be implemented in a routine pathology setting, but it should be carefully assessed in tissue blocks older than 1 year.
27801735	0	6	Fading	T081	C0205216
27801735	7	16	With Time	T079	C0332311
27801735	20	25	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
27801735	26	42	Immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
27801735	46	73	Non-Small Cells Lung Cancer	T191	C0007131
27801735	74	81	Tissues	T024	C0040300
27801735	85	105	Methodological Study	T057	C0025662
27801735	106	114	Blockade	T169	C0332206
27801735	118	147	inhibitory immune checkpoints	T043	C1155874
27801735	184	195	immunologic	T169	C0205470
27801735	196	202	option	T169	C1518601
27801735	207	220	tumor therapy	T061	C0920425
27801735	222	232	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27801735	236	267	programmed cell death protein 1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27801735	288	294	ligand	T103	C0023688
27801735	295	320	programmed death-ligand 1	T129	C4300350
27801735	322	327	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
27801735	346	361	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27801735	365	373	advanced	T080	C0205179
27801735	374	382	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27801735	384	410	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27801735	412	417	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27801735	419	426	bladder	T191	C0005695
27801735	431	444	kidney cancer	T191	C1378703
27801735	473	492	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27801735	494	497	IHC	T059	C1441616
27801735	499	509	expression	T045	C1171362
27801735	513	518	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
27801735	548	556	reagents	T130	C0034760
27801735	558	564	clones	T024	C1522642
27801735	577	581	cell	T025	C0007634
27801735	582	592	expression	T045	C1171362
27801735	597	607	subjective	T080	C0439655
27801735	608	622	interpretation	T033	C0438231
27801735	626	631	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
27801735	632	648	immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
27801735	652	668	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27801735	673	684	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
27801735	698	703	issue	T033	C0033213
27801735	746	751	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27801735	752	770	surgical specimens	T024	C1292533
27801735	786	808	pathologic examination	T060	C4086729
27801735	814	821	January	T080	C3829466
27801735	830	834	July	T080	C3829447
27801735	856	875	microarray approach	T059	C1449575
27801735	893	907	IHC expression	T059	C1441616
27801735	911	916	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
27801735	920	950	tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes	T025	C0079722
27801735	955	966	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
27801735	968	971	TCs	T025	C0597032
27801735	990	1002	ICH staining	T059	C1441616
27801735	1008	1023	tumor histology	T091	C1516204
27801735	1025	1030	grade	T185	C0919553
27801735	1050	1063	tissue blocks	T024	C0040300
27801735	1078	1085	finding	T033	C0243095
27801735	1094	1100	fading	T081	C0205216
27801735	1104	1109	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
27801735	1110	1124	IHC expression	T059	C1441616
27801735	1128	1131	TCs	T025	C0597032
27801735	1135	1142	tissues	T024	C0040300
27801735	1181	1186	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
27801735	1187	1197	expression	T045	C0017262
27801735	1201	1231	tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes	T025	C0079722
27801735	1241	1246	years	T079	C0439234
27801735	1251	1258	similar	T080	C2348205
27801735	1276	1294	significant higher	T080	C1299395
27801735	1295	1311	immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
27801735	1315	1318	TCs	T025	C0597032
27801735	1322	1332	high grade	T080	C0205082
27801735	1333	1338	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27801735	1350	1368	squamous carcinoma	T191	C0007137
27801735	1369	1378	histotype	T201	C0449574
27801735	1393	1402	low grade	T080	C1282907
27801735	1403	1409	tumors	T091	C0019638
27801735	1418	1432	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
27801735	1433	1442	histology	T091	C0019638
27801735	1479	1493	IHC evaluation	T059	C1441616
27801735	1497	1502	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
27801735	1506	1511	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27801735	1512	1528	archival tissues	T024	C0040300
27801735	1577	1594	pathology setting	T091	C0030664
27801735	1635	1648	tissue blocks	T024	C0040300
27801735	1662	1666	year	T079	C0439234

27801847|t|Different Susceptibilities between Apoe - and Ldlr - Deficient Mice to Inflammation - Associated Colorectal Carcinogenesis
27801847|a|Hypercholesterolemia resulting in atherosclerosis is associated with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the roles of apoliprotein (Apo) E (Apoe) and low-density lipoprotein (Ldl) receptor (Ldlr) in colorectal carcinogenesis have not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the susceptibility of Apoe - deficient and Ldlr - deficient mice, which are genetic animal models of atherosclerosis to azoxymethane (AOM)/ dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- induced colorectal carcinogenesis. In Experiment 1, male Apoe - deficient (n = 20) and wild type (WT) mice (C57BL/6J, n = 21) were treated with a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of AOM (10 mg/kg body weight) and then given 1.5% DSS in drinking water for seven days. They were maintained up to week 20 and sacrificed for the histopathological examination of colorectal tumors. The mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (Nos2), tumor necrosis factor (Tnf)-α interleukin (Il)-1β, and Il-6 was assayed in the colorectal mucosa. In Experiment 2, male Ldlr - deficient (n = 14) and WT mice (C57BL/6J, n = 10) were given a single i.p. injection of AOM (10 mg/kg body weight) and then given 2% DSS in drinking water for seven days. They were sacrificed at week 20 to evaluate their colorectum histopathologically. In Experiment 1, the multiplicity of CRCs was significantly higher in the Apoe - deficient mice (2.75 ± 1.48) than in the WT mice (0.62 ± 0.67). The serum lipoprotein levels in the Apoe - deficient mice were also significantly higher than in the WT mice. In Experiment 2, the incidence (29%) and multiplicity (0.50 ± 0.94) of CRCs in the Ldlr mice were significantly lower than in the WT mice (80% incidence and 3.10 ± 2.38 multiplicity). The mRNA expression of two inducible enzymes and certain pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colorectum of each genotype was greater than in the respective WT mice. The values in the Apoe - deficient mice were much greater than in the Ldlr mice. These findings suggest that Apoe - deficient mice showed increased susceptibility to inflammation - associated colorectal carcinogenesis due to their high reactivity to inflammatory stimuli.
27801847	10	26	Susceptibilities	T201	C0012655
27801847	35	39	Apoe	T028	C1412481
27801847	46	50	Ldlr	T028	C1366529
27801847	53	62	Deficient	T080	C2987487
27801847	63	67	Mice	T015	C0025929
27801847	71	83	Inflammation	T046	C0021368
27801847	86	96	Associated	T080	C0332281
27801847	97	122	Colorectal Carcinogenesis	T191	C0009404
27801847	123	143	Hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
27801847	157	172	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27801847	176	191	associated with	T080	C0332281
27801847	195	209	increased risk	T033	C1281905
27801847	213	235	ischemic heart disease	T047	C0151744
27801847	240	257	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27801847	259	262	CRC	T191	C1527249
27801847	287	307	apoliprotein (Apo) E	T116,T123	C0003595
27801847	309	313	Apoe	T116,T123	C0003595
27801847	319	357	low-density lipoprotein (Ldl) receptor	T116,T192	C0034821
27801847	359	363	Ldlr	T116,T192	C0034821
27801847	368	393	colorectal carcinogenesis	T191	C0009404
27801847	434	439	study	T062	C0008972
27801847	444	452	examined	T058	C0220825
27801847	457	471	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27801847	475	479	Apoe	T028	C1412481
27801847	482	491	deficient	T080	C2987487
27801847	496	500	Ldlr	T116,T192	C0034821
27801847	496	500	Ldlr	T028	C1366529
27801847	503	512	deficient	T080	C2987487
27801847	513	517	mice	T015	C0025929
27801847	529	550	genetic animal models	T008	C0599779
27801847	554	569	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27801847	573	585	azoxymethane	T109,T131	C0004519
27801847	587	590	AOM	T109,T131	C0004519
27801847	593	615	dextran sodium sulfate	T109,T121	C0079225
27801847	617	620	DSS	T109,T121	C0079225
27801847	623	630	induced	T046	C0007994
27801847	631	656	colorectal carcinogenesis	T191	C0009404
27801847	661	671	Experiment	T062	C0205664
27801847	680	684	Apoe	T028	C1412481
27801847	687	696	deficient	T080	C2987487
27801847	710	729	wild type (WT) mice	T015	C1520150
27801847	754	761	treated	T169	C1522326
27801847	776	808	intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection	T169	C4282146
27801847	812	815	AOM	T109,T131	C0004519
27801847	826	837	body weight	T032	C0005910
27801847	859	862	DSS	T109,T121	C0079225
27801847	866	880	drinking water	T167	C0599638
27801847	891	895	days	T079	C0439228
27801847	907	917	maintained	T169	C1314677
27801847	924	928	week	T079	C0439230
27801847	936	946	sacrificed	T078	C0681205
27801847	955	972	histopathological	T169	C0243140
27801847	988	1005	colorectal tumors	T191	C0009404
27801847	1011	1026	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27801847	1030	1052	cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27801847	1064	1092	nitric oxide synthase (Nos2)	T116,T126	C1565684
27801847	1094	1123	tumor necrosis factor (Tnf)-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27801847	1124	1143	interleukin (Il)-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27801847	1149	1153	Il-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27801847	1173	1190	colorectal mucosa	T024	C0026724
27801847	1195	1205	Experiment	T062	C0205664
27801847	1214	1218	Ldlr	T028	C1366529
27801847	1221	1230	deficient	T080	C2987487
27801847	1244	1251	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27801847	1291	1305	i.p. injection	T169	C4282146
27801847	1309	1312	AOM	T109,T131	C0004519
27801847	1323	1334	body weight	T032	C0005910
27801847	1354	1357	DSS	T109,T121	C0079225
27801847	1361	1375	drinking water	T167	C0599638
27801847	1386	1390	days	T079	C0439228
27801847	1402	1412	sacrificed	T078	C0681205
27801847	1416	1420	week	T079	C0439230
27801847	1427	1435	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27801847	1442	1452	colorectum	T023	C0229983
27801847	1477	1487	Experiment	T062	C0205664
27801847	1495	1507	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27801847	1511	1515	CRCs	T191	C1527249
27801847	1548	1552	Apoe	T028	C1412481
27801847	1555	1564	deficient	T080	C2987487
27801847	1565	1569	mice	T015	C0025929
27801847	1596	1603	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27801847	1623	1647	serum lipoprotein levels	T059	C0582826
27801847	1655	1659	Apoe	T028	C1412481
27801847	1662	1671	deficient	T080	C2987487
27801847	1672	1676	mice	T015	C0025929
27801847	1701	1707	higher	T080	C0205250
27801847	1720	1727	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27801847	1732	1742	Experiment	T062	C0205664
27801847	1750	1759	incidence	T081	C0021149
27801847	1770	1782	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27801847	1800	1804	CRCs	T191	C1527249
27801847	1812	1816	Ldlr	T028	C1366529
27801847	1817	1821	mice	T015	C0025929
27801847	1841	1846	lower	T081	C1611820
27801847	1859	1866	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27801847	1872	1881	incidence	T081	C0021149
27801847	1898	1910	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27801847	1917	1932	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27801847	1940	1957	inducible enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27801847	1970	1996	pro-inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27801847	2004	2014	colorectum	T023	C0229983
27801847	2023	2031	genotype	T032	C0017431
27801847	2036	2043	greater	T081	C1704243
27801847	2067	2074	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27801847	2094	2098	Apoe	T028	C1412481
27801847	2101	2110	deficient	T080	C2987487
27801847	2111	2115	mice	T015	C0025929
27801847	2146	2150	Ldlr	T028	C1366529
27801847	2151	2155	mice	T015	C0025929
27801847	2163	2171	findings	T033	C2825141
27801847	2185	2189	Apoe	T028	C1412481
27801847	2192	2201	deficient	T080	C2987487
27801847	2202	2206	mice	T015	C0025929
27801847	2214	2223	increased	T169	C0442805
27801847	2224	2238	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27801847	2242	2254	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27801847	2257	2267	associated	T080	C0332281
27801847	2268	2293	colorectal carcinogenesis	T191	C0009404
27801847	2312	2322	reactivity	T169	C0443286
27801847	2326	2338	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27801847	2339	2346	stimuli	T067	C0234402

27801889|t|Differential transcriptome expression in human nucleus accumbens as a function of loneliness
27801889|a|Loneliness is associated with impaired mental and physical health. Studies of lonely individuals reported differential expression of inflammatory genes in peripheral leukocytes and diminished activation in brain reward regions such as nucleus accumbens, but could not address gene expression in the human brain. Here, we examined genome-wide RNA expression in post-mortem nucleus accumbens from donors (N=26) with known loneliness measures. Loneliness was associated with 1710 differentially expressed transcripts and genes from 1599 genes (DEGs; false discovery rate P<0.05, fold change ⩾|2|, controlling for confounds) previously associated with behavioral processes, neurological disease, psychological disorders, cancer, organismal injury and skeletal and muscular disorders, as well as networks of upstream RNA regulators. Furthermore, a number of DEGs were associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) genes (that was correlated with loneliness in this sample, although gene expression analyses controlled for AD diagnosis). These results identify novel targets for future mechanistic studies of gene networks in nucleus accumbens and gene regulatory mechanisms across a variety of diseases exacerbated by loneliness. Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 1 November 2016; doi:10.1038/mp.2016.186.
27801889	0	12	Differential	T080	C1705242
27801889	13	26	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27801889	27	37	expression	T045	C0017262
27801889	41	46	human	T016	C0086418
27801889	47	64	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
27801889	82	92	loneliness	T033	C0023974
27801889	93	103	Loneliness	T033	C0023974
27801889	107	122	associated with	T080	C0332281
27801889	123	131	impaired	T046	C0684336
27801889	132	138	mental	T041	C0025353
27801889	143	158	physical health	T078	C0018684
27801889	171	189	lonely individuals	T098	C0237401
27801889	199	222	differential expression	T045	C1519516
27801889	226	238	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27801889	239	244	genes	T028	C0017337
27801889	248	258	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27801889	259	269	leukocytes	T025	C0023516
27801889	274	284	diminished	T081	C0205216
27801889	285	295	activation	T045	C0017255
27801889	299	304	brain	T023	C0006104
27801889	305	319	reward regions	T029	C1273723
27801889	328	345	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
27801889	369	384	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27801889	392	397	human	T016	C0086418
27801889	398	403	brain	T023	C0006104
27801889	423	449	genome-wide RNA expression	T045	C0017262
27801889	453	464	post-mortem	T060	C0004398
27801889	465	482	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
27801889	488	494	donors	T098	C0013018
27801889	513	523	loneliness	T033	C0023974
27801889	524	532	measures	T081	C0079809
27801889	534	544	Loneliness	T033	C0023974
27801889	549	564	associated with	T080	C0332281
27801889	570	606	differentially expressed transcripts	T114	C1519595
27801889	611	616	genes	T028	C0017337
27801889	627	632	genes	T028	C0017337
27801889	634	638	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27801889	640	660	false discovery rate	T081	C1880720
27801889	725	740	associated with	T080	C0332281
27801889	741	761	behavioral processes	T053	C0004927
27801889	763	783	neurological disease	T047	C0027765
27801889	785	808	psychological disorders	T048	C0004936
27801889	810	816	cancer	T191	C0006826
27801889	818	828	organismal	T001	C0029235
27801889	829	835	injury	T037	C0178314
27801889	840	848	skeletal	T047	C0263661
27801889	853	871	muscular disorders	T047	C0026848
27801889	884	892	networks	T169	C1882071
27801889	896	904	upstream	T082	C0522505
27801889	905	919	RNA regulators	T028	C0017362
27801889	946	950	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27801889	956	971	associated with	T080	C0332281
27801889	972	991	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27801889	993	995	AD	T047	C0002395
27801889	997	1002	genes	T028	C0017337
27801889	1013	1023	correlated	T080	C1707520
27801889	1029	1039	loneliness	T033	C0023974
27801889	1048	1054	sample	T167	C0370003
27801889	1065	1089	gene expression analyses	T063	C1880945
27801889	1105	1107	AD	T047	C0002395
27801889	1108	1117	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27801889	1149	1156	targets	T169	C1521840
27801889	1168	1187	mechanistic studies	T062	C0242481
27801889	1191	1195	gene	T028	C0017337
27801889	1208	1225	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
27801889	1230	1256	gene regulatory mechanisms	T045	C0017263
27801889	1277	1285	diseases	T047	C0012634
27801889	1301	1311	loneliness	T033	C0023974
27801889	1313	1360	Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27801889	1364	1372	November	T079	C3828767

27802069|t|A Community Needs Assessment for the Development of an Interprofessional Palliative Care Training Curriculum
27802069|a|There is a known shortage of trained palliative care professionals, and an even greater shortage of professionals who have been trained through interprofessional curricula. As part of an institutional Palliative Care Training Center grant, a core team of interprofessional palliative care academic faculty and staff completed a state-wide palliative care educational assessment to determine the needs for an interprofessional palliative care training program. The purpose of this article is to describe the process and results of our community needs assessment of interprofessional palliative care educational needs in Washington state. We approached the needs assessment through a cross-sectional descriptive design by using mixed-method inquiry. Each phase incorporated a variety of settings and subjects. The assessment incorporated multiple phases with diverse methodological approaches: a preparatory phase - identifying key informants; Phase I - key informant interviews; Phase II - survey; and Phase III - steering committee endorsement. The multiple phases of the needs assessment helped create a conceptual framework for the Palliative Care Training Center and developed an interprofessional palliative care curriculum. The input from key informants at multiple phase s also allowed us to define priority needs and to refine an interprofessional palliative care curriculum. This curriculum will provide an interprofessional palliative care educational program that crosses disciplinary boundaries to integrate knowledge that is beneficial for all palliative care clinicians. The input from a range of palliative care clinicians and professionals at every phase of the needs assessment was critical for creating an interprofessional palliative care curriculum.
27802069	2	28	Community Needs Assessment	UnknownType	C0679692
27802069	37	48	Development	T169	C1527148
27802069	73	88	Palliative Care	T091	C0030231
27802069	89	97	Training	T065	C0220931
27802069	98	108	Curriculum	T065	C0220815
27802069	138	145	trained	T065	C0683844
27802069	146	161	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	162	175	professionals	T097	C0679924
27802069	209	222	professionals	T097	C0679924
27802069	237	244	trained	T065	C0683844
27802069	253	270	interprofessional	T097	C1522486
27802069	271	280	curricula	T170	C0010478
27802069	296	325	institutional Palliative Care	T091	C0030231
27802069	326	347	Training Center grant	T170	C0555633
27802069	356	360	team	T096	C0871489
27802069	364	381	interprofessional	T097	C1522486
27802069	382	397	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	398	406	academic	T092	C1510747
27802069	407	414	faculty	T097	C0015535
27802069	419	424	staff	T097	C0851286
27802069	425	434	completed	T080	C0205197
27802069	437	447	state-wide	UnknownType	C0683927
27802069	448	463	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	464	486	educational assessment	T065	C0085848
27802069	490	499	determine	T080	C0521095
27802069	504	509	needs	T080	C0027552
27802069	517	534	interprofessional	T097	C1522486
27802069	535	550	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	551	567	training program	T065	C0040607
27802069	589	596	article	T170	C0282420
27802069	616	623	process	T067	C1522240
27802069	628	635	results	T169	C1274040
27802069	643	669	community needs assessment	UnknownType	C0679692
27802069	673	690	interprofessional	T097	C1522486
27802069	691	706	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	707	718	educational	T065	C0013621
27802069	719	724	needs	T080	C0027552
27802069	728	744	Washington state	T083	C0043038
27802069	764	780	needs assessment	T058	C0558005
27802069	791	825	cross-sectional descriptive design	T062	C0010362
27802069	835	847	mixed-method	T170	C0025663
27802069	848	855	inquiry	T052	C2987583
27802069	862	867	phase	T079	C0205390
27802069	894	902	settings	T033	C1718228
27802069	907	915	subjects	T078	C1706203
27802069	921	931	assessment	T052	C1516048
27802069	945	953	multiple	T081	C0439064
27802069	954	960	phases	T079	C0205390
27802069	974	999	methodological approaches	T062	C0086912
27802069	1015	1020	phase	T079	C0205390
27802069	1023	1034	identifying	T080	C0205396
27802069	1039	1049	informants	T098	C0870704
27802069	1051	1058	Phase I	T079	C0205390
27802069	1061	1085	key informant interviews	T170	C3842888
27802069	1087	1095	Phase II	T079	C0205390
27802069	1098	1104	survey	T170	C0038951
27802069	1110	1119	Phase III	T079	C0205390
27802069	1122	1140	steering committee	T098	C2348534
27802069	1158	1166	multiple	T081	C0439064
27802069	1167	1173	phases	T079	C0205390
27802069	1181	1197	needs assessment	T058	C0558005
27802069	1214	1234	conceptual framework	T077	C1706427
27802069	1243	1258	Palliative Care	T091	C0030231
27802069	1259	1274	Training Center	T073	C0557814
27802069	1292	1309	interprofessional	T097	C1522486
27802069	1310	1325	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	1326	1336	curriculum	T065	C0220815
27802069	1357	1367	informants	T098	C0870704
27802069	1371	1379	multiple	T081	C0439064
27802069	1380	1385	phase	T079	C0205390
27802069	1414	1422	priority	T079	C0549179
27802069	1423	1428	needs	T080	C0027552
27802069	1446	1463	interprofessional	T097	C1522486
27802069	1464	1479	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	1480	1490	curriculum	T065	C0220815
27802069	1497	1507	curriculum	T065	C0220815
27802069	1524	1541	interprofessional	T097	C1522486
27802069	1542	1557	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	1558	1577	educational program	T065	C0150562
27802069	1591	1614	disciplinary boundaries	UnknownType	C0586440
27802069	1628	1637	knowledge	T065	C0013621
27802069	1646	1656	beneficial	T081	C0814225
27802069	1665	1680	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	1681	1691	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27802069	1710	1715	range	T081	C1514721
27802069	1719	1734	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	1735	1745	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27802069	1750	1763	professionals	T097	C0679924
27802069	1773	1778	phase	T079	C0205390
27802069	1786	1802	needs assessment	T058	C0558005
27802069	1807	1815	critical	T080	C1511545
27802069	1832	1849	interprofessional	T097	C1522486
27802069	1850	1865	palliative care	T091	C0030231
27802069	1866	1876	curriculum	T065	C0220815

27802446|t|Human Leucocyte Antigen B50 Is Associated with Conversion to Generalized Myasthenia Gravis in Patients with Pure Ocular Onset
27802446|a|The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II alleles and disease characteristics in Turkish patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). The MHC class I and II alleles of 108 unrelated MG patients were genotyped. The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) distribution of all MG patients and subgroups of MG patients (grouped according to disease characteristics) was compared to that of 250 healthy controls. Overall distributions of HLA-B*61 and C*05 were more frequent in MG patients (7.4 vs. 2.0% and 14.8 vs. 6.8%, respectively) than in non-MG patients. Subgroup analyses revealed that HLA-DRB1*14 and DQB1*02 alleles were more frequent in early-onset MG [n = 10 (20.8%) vs. n = 25 (10.0%) and n = 21 (43.8%) vs. n = 59 (23.6%)]. In patients seropositive for anti-AchR antibodies, the frequencies of HLA-B*50 and C*05 were higher. HLA-C*05, DRB1*01, and DRB1*11 were higher in patients with ocular MG. In addition, HLA-A*01, A*31, B*08, and DRB1*14 were higher among patients with thymic hyperplasia, whereas DQB1*03 was lower. However, all of these differences lost significance after correction of the p value for multiple comparisons. No allele association was found among patients with thymoma. Strikingly, patients with generalized MG who had pure ocular symptoms at disease onset had significantly increased HLA-B*50 compared to the controls (corrected p < 0.001, OR = 9.92; 95% CI 3.05-32.22). The HLA-B*50 allele was associated with conversion to generalized disease in patients with pure ocular symptoms at disease onset. This finding could extend our understanding of the complex interactions between the pathogenesis of MG and genetic heritage.
27802446	0	27	Human Leucocyte Antigen B50	T129	C0444008
27802446	31	41	Associated	T080	C0439849
27802446	47	57	Conversion	T169	C0439836
27802446	61	90	Generalized Myasthenia Gravis	T047	C0751339
27802446	94	102	Patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	108	119	Pure Ocular	T047	C0751340
27802446	120	125	Onset	T080	C0332162
27802446	130	133	aim	T078	C1947946
27802446	142	147	study	T062	C0008972
27802446	155	166	investigate	T169	C1292732
27802446	171	183	associations	T080	C0439849
27802446	192	224	major histocompatibility complex	T028	C0024518
27802446	226	229	MHC	T028	C0024518
27802446	231	238	class I	T028	C0017355
27802446	243	253	II alleles	T028	C0017349
27802446	258	281	disease characteristics	T046	C0599878
27802446	285	292	Turkish	T098	C0549217
27802446	293	301	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	307	324	myasthenia gravis	T047	C0026896
27802446	326	328	MG	T047	C0026896
27802446	335	338	MHC	T028	C0024518
27802446	339	346	class I	T028	C0017355
27802446	351	361	II alleles	T028	C0017349
27802446	379	381	MG	T047	C0026896
27802446	382	390	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	396	405	genotyped	T059	C1285573
27802446	411	434	human leucocyte antigen	T116,T129	C0019721
27802446	436	439	HLA	T116,T129	C0019721
27802446	461	463	MG	T047	C0026896
27802446	464	472	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	477	486	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27802446	490	492	MG	T047	C0026896
27802446	493	501	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	503	510	grouped	T082	C0439745
27802446	524	547	disease characteristics	T046	C0599878
27802446	553	561	compared	T052	C1707455
27802446	577	593	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27802446	620	628	HLA-B*61	T116,T129	C0062847
27802446	633	637	C*05	T116,T129	C0062856
27802446	648	656	frequent	T079	C0332183
27802446	660	662	MG	T047	C0026896
27802446	663	671	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	734	742	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	744	752	Subgroup	T185	C1515021
27802446	753	761	analyses	T062	C0936012
27802446	776	787	HLA-DRB1*14	T028	C0002085
27802446	792	807	DQB1*02 alleles	T028	C0002085
27802446	818	826	frequent	T079	C0332183
27802446	830	841	early-onset	T033	C1833334
27802446	842	844	MG	T047	C0026896
27802446	923	931	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	932	944	seropositive	T080	C0521143
27802446	949	969	anti-AchR antibodies	T116,T129	C0236516
27802446	975	986	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27802446	990	998	HLA-B*50	T116,T129	C0369392
27802446	1003	1007	C*05	T116,T129	C0062856
27802446	1013	1019	higher	T080	C0205250
27802446	1021	1029	HLA-C*05	T116,T129	C0062856
27802446	1031	1038	DRB1*01	T116,T129	C1566853
27802446	1044	1051	DRB1*11	T129	C1699878
27802446	1057	1063	higher	T080	C0205250
27802446	1067	1075	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	1081	1090	ocular MG	T047	C0751340
27802446	1105	1113	HLA-A*01	T129	C0019728
27802446	1115	1119	A*31	T116,T129	C0121978
27802446	1121	1125	B*08	T116,T129	C0019737
27802446	1131	1138	DRB1*14	T116,T129	C0122040
27802446	1144	1150	higher	T080	C0205250
27802446	1157	1165	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	1171	1189	thymic hyperplasia	T047	C0040115
27802446	1199	1206	DQB1*03	T116,T129	C0122020
27802446	1211	1216	lower	T080	C0205251
27802446	1257	1269	significance	T078	C0750502
27802446	1294	1301	p value	T081	C1709380
27802446	1306	1326	multiple comparisons	T081	C1881925
27802446	1331	1337	allele	T028	C0002085
27802446	1338	1349	association	T080	C0439849
27802446	1366	1374	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	1380	1387	thymoma	T191	C0040100
27802446	1401	1409	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	1415	1429	generalized MG	T047	C0751339
27802446	1438	1449	pure ocular	T047	C0751340
27802446	1450	1458	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27802446	1462	1475	disease onset	T079	C0277793
27802446	1480	1493	significantly	T078	C0750502
27802446	1494	1503	increased	T081	C0205217
27802446	1504	1512	HLA-B*50	T116,T129	C0369392
27802446	1529	1537	controls	T080	C2986479
27802446	1549	1550	p	T081	C1709380
27802446	1575	1577	CI	T081	C0009667
27802446	1595	1610	HLA-B*50 allele	T028	C0002085
27802446	1615	1625	associated	T080	C0439849
27802446	1631	1641	conversion	T169	C0439836
27802446	1645	1664	generalized disease	T047	C0849867
27802446	1668	1676	patients	T101	C0030705
27802446	1682	1693	pure ocular	T047	C0751340
27802446	1694	1702	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27802446	1706	1719	disease onset	T079	C0277793
27802446	1780	1792	interactions	T045	C0596610
27802446	1805	1817	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27802446	1821	1823	MG	T047	C0026896
27802446	1828	1844	genetic heritage	T169	C0314603

27802454|t|Impact of SPARC expression on outcome in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer not receiving nab-paclitaxel: a pooled analysis from prospective clinical and translational trials
27802454|a|Conflicting results on the role of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteins (SPARC) expression have been reported in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and its prognostic and/or predictive role in advanced PDAC (aPDAC) has not been extensively investigated yet. This study was designed to evaluate SPARC expression as a biomarker in aPDAC patients (pts) not receiving nab-paclitaxel. Using immunohistochemistry, we examined the stromal as well as the tumoral (i.e., cytoplasmic) SPARC expression in tumour tissue (primary tumours and metastases) of 134 aPDAC pts participating in completed prospective clinical and biomarker trials. The SPARC expression levels were correlated to the pts' clinicopathological parameters and survival times. Sixty-seven per cent of the analysed tumours showed high stromal SPARC expression, which was not associated with overall survival (OS, median 9.1 vs 7.6 months, P=0.316). A positive cytoplasmic SPARC expression was detected in 55% of the tumours and correlated significantly with inferior progression-free survival (PFS, 6.2 vs 8.6 months, P=0.004) and OS (7.8 vs 8.4 months, P=0.032). This association was strongest for pts, where primary tumour tissue was examined (PFS: 6.7 vs 10.8 months, P=0.004; OS: 7.9 vs 11.9 months, P=0.030), whereas no significant correlation was detected for pts, where only metastatic tissue was available (PFS: 5.8 vs 6.6 months, P=0.502; OS: 7.0 vs 7.8 months, P=0.452). In pts receiving gemcitabine -based chemotherapy cytoplasmic SPARC expression was significantly associated with an inferior PFS and OS (PFS: 6.2 vs 9.2 months, P=0.002; OS 7.3 vs 9.9 months, P=0.012), whereas no such association was detected for stromal SPARC expression or for pts receiving fluoropyrimidine -based chemotherapy. We identified cytoplasmic SPARC expression in the primary tumour as a biomarker associated with inferior PFS and OS in aPDAC. Cytoplasmic SPARC expression may furthermore act as a negative predictive biomarker in pts treated with gemcitabine -based chemotherapy.
27802454	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27802454	10	15	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	16	26	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	30	37	outcome	T169	C1274040
27802454	41	49	patients	T101	C0030705
27802454	55	81	advanced pancreatic cancer	T191	C0030297
27802454	96	110	nab-paclitaxel	T109,T121	C1527223
27802454	114	129	pooled analysis	UnknownType	C0814924
27802454	147	155	clinical	T062	C0008976
27802454	160	180	translational trials	T062	C3494163
27802454	216	260	secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteins	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	262	267	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	269	279	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	302	310	resected	T080	C1521996
27802454	311	343	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
27802454	345	349	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27802454	360	370	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27802454	397	410	advanced PDAC	T191	C1335302
27802454	412	417	aPDAC	T191	C1335302
27802454	498	503	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	504	514	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	520	529	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27802454	533	538	aPDAC	T191	C1335302
27802454	539	547	patients	T101	C0030705
27802454	549	552	pts	T101	C0030705
27802454	568	582	nab-paclitaxel	T109,T121	C1527223
27802454	590	610	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27802454	615	623	examined	T033	C0332128
27802454	628	635	stromal	T025	C0162597
27802454	651	658	tumoral	T025	C0597032
27802454	666	677	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27802454	679	684	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	685	695	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	699	712	tumour tissue	T024	C0475358
27802454	714	729	primary tumours	T191	C0027667
27802454	734	744	metastases	T191	C0027627
27802454	753	758	aPDAC	T191	C1335302
27802454	759	762	pts	T101	C0030705
27802454	802	810	clinical	T062	C0008976
27802454	815	831	biomarker trials	T063	C1879847
27802454	837	842	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	843	853	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	866	876	correlated	T080	C1707520
27802454	884	888	pts'	T101	C0030705
27802454	889	919	clinicopathological parameters	T169	C1521733
27802454	924	938	survival times	T201	C2919552
27802454	977	984	tumours	T191	C0027651
27802454	997	1004	stromal	T025	C0162597
27802454	1005	1010	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	1011	1021	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	1037	1052	associated with	T080	C0332281
27802454	1053	1069	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27802454	1071	1073	OS	T081	C4086681
27802454	1075	1081	median	T082	C0549183
27802454	1093	1099	months	T079	C0439231
27802454	1122	1133	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27802454	1134	1139	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	1140	1150	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	1178	1185	tumours	T191	C0027651
27802454	1190	1200	correlated	T080	C1707520
27802454	1220	1254	inferior progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
27802454	1256	1259	PFS	T081	C0242792
27802454	1272	1278	months	T079	C0439231
27802454	1293	1295	OS	T081	C4086681
27802454	1308	1314	months	T079	C0439231
27802454	1331	1342	association	T080	C0439849
27802454	1361	1364	pts	T101	C0030705
27802454	1372	1393	primary tumour tissue	T024	C0475358
27802454	1398	1406	examined	T033	C0332128
27802454	1408	1411	PFS	T081	C0242792
27802454	1425	1431	months	T079	C0439231
27802454	1442	1444	OS	T081	C4086681
27802454	1458	1464	months	T079	C0439231
27802454	1499	1510	correlation	T080	C1707520
27802454	1528	1531	pts	T101	C0030705
27802454	1544	1561	metastatic tissue	T024	C0475358
27802454	1577	1580	PFS	T081	C0242792
27802454	1593	1599	months	T079	C0439231
27802454	1610	1612	OS	T081	C4086681
27802454	1625	1631	months	T079	C0439231
27802454	1646	1649	pts	T101	C0030705
27802454	1660	1671	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27802454	1679	1691	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27802454	1692	1703	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27802454	1704	1709	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	1710	1720	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	1739	1754	associated with	T080	C0332281
27802454	1758	1770	inferior PFS	T081	C0242792
27802454	1775	1777	OS	T081	C4086681
27802454	1779	1782	PFS	T081	C0242792
27802454	1795	1801	months	T079	C0439231
27802454	1812	1814	OS	T081	C4086681
27802454	1826	1832	months	T079	C0439231
27802454	1860	1871	association	T080	C0439849
27802454	1889	1896	stromal	T025	C0162597
27802454	1897	1902	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	1903	1913	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	1921	1924	pts	T101	C0030705
27802454	1935	1951	fluoropyrimidine	T114,T121	C0596581
27802454	1959	1971	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27802454	1987	1998	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27802454	1999	2004	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	2005	2015	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	2023	2037	primary tumour	T191	C0027667
27802454	2043	2052	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27802454	2053	2068	associated with	T080	C0332281
27802454	2069	2081	inferior PFS	T081	C0242792
27802454	2086	2088	OS	T081	C4086681
27802454	2092	2097	aPDAC	T191	C1335302
27802454	2099	2110	Cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
27802454	2111	2116	SPARC	T116,T123	C3530142
27802454	2117	2127	expression	T045	C1171362
27802454	2173	2182	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27802454	2186	2189	pts	T101	C0030705
27802454	2190	2202	treated with	T061	C0332293
27802454	2203	2214	gemcitabine	T114,T121	C0045093
27802454	2222	2234	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472

27802488|t|In Vivo 3-Dimensional Strain Mapping Confirms Large Optic Nerve Head Deformations Following Horizontal Eye Movements
27802488|a|To measure lamina cribrosa (LC) strains (deformations) following abduction and adduction in healthy subjects and to compare them with those resulting from a relatively high acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation. A total of 16 eyes from 8 healthy subjects were included. Among the 16 eyes, 11 had peripapillary atrophy (PPA). For each subject, both optic nerve heads (ONHs) were imaged using optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline (twice), in different gaze positions (adduction and abduction of 20°) and following an acute IOP elevation of approximately 20 mm Hg from baseline (via ophthalmodynamometry). Strains of LC for all loading scenarios were mapped using a three-dimensional tracking algorithm. In all 16 eyes, LC strains induced by adduction and abduction were 5.83% ± 3.78% and 3.93% ± 2.57%, respectively, and both significantly higher than the control strains measured from the repeated baseline acquisitions (P < 0.01). Strains of LC in adduction were on average higher than those in abduction, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.07). Strains of LC induced by IOP elevations (on average 21.13 ± 7.61 mm Hg) were 6.41% ± 3.21% and significantly higher than the control strains (P < 0.0005). Gaze - induced LC strains in the PPA group were on average larger than those in the non-PPA group; however, the relationship was not statistically significant. Our results confirm that horizontal eye movements generate significant ONH strains, which is consistent with our previous estimations using finite element analysis. Further studies are needed to explore a possible link between ONH strains induced by eye movements and axonal loss in optic neuropathies.
27802488	0	7	In Vivo	T082	C1515655
27802488	8	21	3-Dimensional	T082	C0450363
27802488	22	36	Strain Mapping	T052	C1283195
27802488	37	45	Confirms	T080	C0521093
27802488	46	51	Large	T081	C0549177
27802488	52	68	Optic Nerve Head	T023	C0029127
27802488	69	81	Deformations	T190	C0302142
27802488	82	91	Following	T079	C0332282
27802488	92	116	Horizontal Eye Movements	T039	C0015413
27802488	120	127	measure	T081	C0079809
27802488	128	143	lamina cribrosa	T023	C0229114
27802488	145	147	LC	T023	C0229114
27802488	149	156	strains	T190	C0302142
27802488	158	170	deformations	T190	C0302142
27802488	172	181	following	T079	C0332282
27802488	182	191	abduction	T039	C0231456
27802488	196	205	adduction	T169	C0231457
27802488	209	225	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27802488	233	240	compare	T052	C1707455
27802488	257	266	resulting	T169	C1274040
27802488	274	284	relatively	T080	C0205345
27802488	285	289	high	T080	C0205250
27802488	290	295	acute	T079	C0205178
27802488	296	316	intraocular pressure	T042	C0021888
27802488	318	321	IOP	T042	C0021888
27802488	323	332	elevation	T082	C0702240
27802488	336	341	total	T080	C0439810
27802488	348	352	eyes	T023	C0015392
27802488	360	376	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
27802488	382	390	included	T052	C2700399
27802488	405	409	eyes	T023	C0015392
27802488	418	439	peripapillary atrophy	T033	C1719838
27802488	441	444	PPA	T033	C1719838
27802488	451	455	each	T081	C1457900
27802488	456	463	subject	T096	C0681850
27802488	470	487	optic nerve heads	T023	C0029127
27802488	489	493	ONHs	T023	C0029127
27802488	500	506	imaged	T170	C1704922
27802488	513	541	optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
27802488	543	546	OCT	T060	C0920367
27802488	551	559	baseline	T081	C1442488
27802488	561	566	twice	T081	C1948050
27802488	572	581	different	T080	C1705242
27802488	582	586	gaze	T074	C0590323
27802488	587	596	positions	T082	C0733755
27802488	598	607	adduction	T169	C0231457
27802488	612	621	abduction	T039	C0231456
27802488	634	643	following	T079	C0332282
27802488	647	652	acute	T079	C0205178
27802488	653	656	IOP	T042	C0021888
27802488	657	666	elevation	T082	C0702240
27802488	670	683	approximately	T080	C0332232
27802488	690	692	Hg	T131,T196	C0025424
27802488	698	706	baseline	T081	C1442488
27802488	712	732	ophthalmodynamometry	T060	C0029085
27802488	735	742	Strains	T190	C0302142
27802488	746	748	LC	T023	C0229114
27802488	757	774	loading scenarios	T169	C0683579
27802488	780	786	mapped	T170	C3858752
27802488	795	812	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27802488	813	821	tracking	T082	C0546881
27802488	822	831	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27802488	843	847	eyes	T023	C0015392
27802488	849	851	LC	T023	C0229114
27802488	852	859	strains	T190	C0302142
27802488	860	867	induced	T169	C0205263
27802488	871	880	adduction	T169	C0231457
27802488	885	894	abduction	T039	C0231456
27802488	956	976	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27802488	986	993	control	T096	C0009932
27802488	994	1001	strains	T190	C0302142
27802488	1002	1010	measured	T080	C0444706
27802488	1020	1028	repeated	T169	C0205341
27802488	1029	1037	baseline	T081	C1442488
27802488	1038	1050	acquisitions	T052	C1706701
27802488	1063	1070	Strains	T190	C0302142
27802488	1074	1076	LC	T023	C0229114
27802488	1080	1089	adduction	T169	C0231457
27802488	1098	1105	average	T081	C1510992
27802488	1106	1112	higher	T080	C0205250
27802488	1127	1136	abduction	T039	C0231456
27802488	1146	1156	difference	T080	C1705242
27802488	1165	1190	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27802488	1203	1210	Strains	T190	C0302142
27802488	1214	1216	LC	T023	C0229114
27802488	1217	1224	induced	T169	C0205263
27802488	1228	1231	IOP	T042	C0021888
27802488	1232	1242	elevations	T082	C0702240
27802488	1247	1254	average	T081	C1510992
27802488	1271	1273	Hg	T131,T196	C0025424
27802488	1298	1318	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27802488	1328	1335	control	T096	C0009932
27802488	1336	1343	strains	T190	C0302142
27802488	1358	1362	Gaze	T074	C0590323
27802488	1365	1372	induced	T169	C0205263
27802488	1373	1375	LC	T023	C0229114
27802488	1376	1383	strains	T190	C0302142
27802488	1391	1394	PPA	T033	C1719838
27802488	1395	1400	group	T101	C0030705
27802488	1409	1416	average	T081	C1510992
27802488	1417	1423	larger	T081	C0549177
27802488	1442	1455	non-PPA group	T101	C0030705
27802488	1470	1482	relationship	T080	C0439849
27802488	1491	1516	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27802488	1522	1529	results	T033	C0683954
27802488	1530	1537	confirm	T080	C1456348
27802488	1543	1567	horizontal eye movements	T039	C0015413
27802488	1568	1576	generate	T080	C0205556
27802488	1577	1588	significant	T078	C0750502
27802488	1589	1592	ONH	T023	C0029127
27802488	1593	1600	strains	T190	C0302142
27802488	1611	1626	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27802488	1631	1639	previous	T079	C0205156
27802488	1640	1651	estimations	T041	C0680844
27802488	1658	1681	finite element analysis	T170	C0600552
27802488	1683	1698	Further studies	T062	C2603343
27802488	1723	1731	possible	T033	C0332149
27802488	1745	1748	ONH	T023	C0029127
27802488	1749	1756	strains	T190	C0302142
27802488	1757	1764	induced	T169	C0205263
27802488	1768	1781	eye movements	T039	C0015413
27802488	1786	1797	axonal loss	T033	C1832338
27802488	1801	1819	optic neuropathies	T047	C0029132

27802570|t|Overall Quality Properties of Kiwifruit Treated by Cinnamaldehyde and Citral: Microbial, Antioxidant Capacity during Cold Storage
27802570|a|This work was undertaken to evaluate the microbiological characteristics and antioxidant and physiological activities in kiwifruits (Actinida deliciosa var. Qinmei) with/without cinnamaldehyde (C1) and citral (C2) fumigation treatments (5 μL/L) during 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 d of storage at 4 °C. Essential oils (EOs) treatment lowered the total viable counts, yeast, and mold to 1.54, 2.36, and 2.05 log CFU/g, respectively. Moreover, EOs improved the antioxidant activities of kiwifruit. They enhanced phenolics and flavonoids content in fruit tissue by 49.48% at day 3 and 56.93% at day 6, respectively. In addition, ascorbic acid in treated groups had the lower losing rate. Similarly, MDA (malondialdehyde), H2 O2 (hydrogen peroxide), and (•) O2(-) (superoxide anion) production were effectively decreased in the range of 27.27% to 54.38%. Physicochemical characteristics showed that kiwifruits from treated group maintained higher levels of flesh luminosity and firmness. EOs also decreased the levels of reducing sugar by 45.97% at day 3, and increased the content of soluble protein and hydrolyzed amino acid. Therefore, postharvest EOs treatment has positive effects on delaying senescence and enhancing antioxidant capacities in kiwifruit.
27802570	8	26	Quality Properties	T080	C0871161
27802570	30	39	Kiwifruit	T168	C0440282
27802570	40	50	Treated by	T061	C0332293
27802570	51	65	Cinnamaldehyde	T109,T121	C0055754
27802570	70	76	Citral	T109,T121	C0055809
27802570	78	87	Microbial	T001	C0599840
27802570	89	109	Antioxidant Capacity	T044	C1148564
27802570	117	129	Cold Storage	T059	C0010405
27802570	158	166	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27802570	171	186	microbiological	T170	C0025953
27802570	187	202	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27802570	207	218	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27802570	223	247	physiological activities	T039	C0031843
27802570	251	261	kiwifruits	T168	C0440282
27802570	263	281	Actinida deliciosa	T002	C0971874
27802570	308	322	cinnamaldehyde	T109,T121	C0055754
27802570	332	338	citral	T109,T121	C0055809
27802570	344	354	fumigation	T068	C0016804
27802570	355	365	treatments	T169	C1522326
27802570	406	413	storage	T169	C1698986
27802570	423	437	Essential oils	T109	C0028908
27802570	439	442	EOs	T109	C0028908
27802570	444	453	treatment	T169	C1522326
27802570	472	485	viable counts	T081	C0750480
27802570	487	492	yeast	T004	C0043393
27802570	498	502	mold	T004	C0369241
27802570	562	565	EOs	T109	C0028908
27802570	579	601	antioxidant activities	T044	C1148564
27802570	605	614	kiwifruit	T168	C0440282
27802570	621	629	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27802570	630	639	phenolics	T109,T121	C0359916
27802570	644	654	flavonoids	T109	C0596577
27802570	666	671	fruit	T168	C0016767
27802570	672	678	tissue	T025	C1514137
27802570	746	759	ascorbic acid	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
27802570	763	770	treated	T169	C1522326
27802570	771	777	groups	T078	C0441833
27802570	799	803	rate	T081	C1521828
27802570	816	819	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
27802570	821	836	malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
27802570	839	844	H2 O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27802570	846	863	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27802570	874	879	O2(-)	T196	C0038836
27802570	881	897	superoxide anion	T196	C0038836
27802570	915	926	effectively	T080	C1704419
27802570	927	936	decreased	T081	C0205216
27802570	971	1002	Physicochemical characteristics	T080	C1521970
27802570	1015	1025	kiwifruits	T168	C0440282
27802570	1031	1038	treated	T169	C1522326
27802570	1039	1044	group	T078	C0441833
27802570	1073	1089	flesh luminosity	T080	C0009393
27802570	1094	1102	firmness	T080	C1545487
27802570	1104	1107	EOs	T109	C0028908
27802570	1113	1122	decreased	T081	C0205216
27802570	1137	1151	reducing sugar	T109	C0026492
27802570	1176	1185	increased	T081	C0205217
27802570	1201	1216	soluble protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27802570	1232	1242	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27802570	1267	1270	EOs	T109	C0028908
27802570	1271	1280	treatment	T169	C1522326
27802570	1285	1301	positive effects	T080	C1280500
27802570	1314	1324	senescence	T038	C3546449
27802570	1329	1338	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27802570	1339	1361	antioxidant capacities	T044	C1148564
27802570	1365	1374	kiwifruit	T168	C0440282

27802781|t|Blood flow in the cerebral venous system: modeling and simulation
27802781|a|The development of a software platform incorporating all aspects, from medical imaging data, through three-dimensional reconstruction and suitable meshing, up to simulation of blood flow in patient - specific geometries, is a crucial challenge in biomedical engineering. In the present study, a fully three-dimensional blood flow simulation is carried out through a complete rigid macrovascular circuit, namely the intracranial venous network, instead of a reduced order simulation and partial vascular network. The biomechanical modeling step is carefully analyzed and leads to the description of the flow governed by the dimensionless Navier-Stokes equations for an incompressible viscous fluid. The equations are then numerically solved with a free finite element software using five meshes of a realistic geometry obtained from medical images to prove the feasibility of the pipeline. Some features of the intracranial venous circuit in the supine position such as asymmetric behavior in merging regions are discussed.
27802781	0	10	Blood flow	T039	C0232338
27802781	18	26	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27802781	27	40	venous system	T022	C1267406
27802781	42	50	modeling	T062	C0870071
27802781	55	65	simulation	T062	C0679083
27802781	70	81	development	T169	C1527148
27802781	87	95	software	T073,T170	C0037585
27802781	96	104	platform	T075	C1710360
27802781	137	152	medical imaging	T060	C0025086
27802781	153	157	data	T078	C1511726
27802781	167	184	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27802781	185	199	reconstruction	T052	C0441655
27802781	213	220	meshing	T052	C0441655
27802781	228	238	simulation	T062	C0679083
27802781	242	252	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27802781	256	263	patient	T101	C0030705
27802781	266	274	specific	T080	C0205369
27802781	275	285	geometries	T082	C1254362
27802781	313	335	biomedical engineering	T091	C0005539
27802781	367	384	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27802781	385	395	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27802781	396	406	simulation	T062	C0679083
27802781	432	440	complete	T080	C0205197
27802781	481	493	intracranial	T029	C0524466
27802781	494	508	venous network	T022	C0226503
27802781	523	530	reduced	T080	C0392756
27802781	531	536	order	T080	C0205556
27802781	537	547	simulation	T062	C0679083
27802781	552	559	partial	T081	C0728938
27802781	560	576	vascular network	T017	C3714653
27802781	582	604	biomechanical modeling	T062	C0870071
27802781	605	609	step	T077	C1261552
27802781	623	631	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27802781	668	672	flow	T039	C0232338
27802781	689	726	dimensionless Navier-Stokes equations	T077	C0552449
27802781	749	756	viscous	T080	C0311419
27802781	757	762	fluid	T167	C1704353
27802781	768	777	equations	T077	C0552449
27802781	813	817	free	T080	C1996904
27802781	818	832	finite element	T170	C3826344
27802781	833	841	software	T073,T170	C0037585
27802781	853	859	meshes	T081	C1552983
27802781	875	883	geometry	T082	C1254362
27802781	898	912	medical images	T170	C1704254
27802781	945	953	pipeline	T077	C1254372
27802781	960	968	features	T080	C2348519
27802781	976	988	intracranial	T029	C0524466
27802781	989	1003	venous circuit	T022	C0226503
27802781	1011	1026	supine position	T082	C0038846
27802781	1035	1045	asymmetric	T082	C0332514
27802781	1046	1054	behavior	T053	C0004927
27802781	1058	1073	merging regions	T029	C0005898

27803576|t|Continuous Cervical Epidural Analgesia in Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression
27803576|a|Metastatic spinal cord compression is a devastating complication of cancer. Patients may often require high doses of opioids that may cause side effects, myoclonus being one such. A 63-year-old male suffering from malignant spinal cord compression was admitted to our institution. The primary team managed him conservatively with pharmacotherapy with no relief of pain, and he experienced myoclonus and sedation as adverse effects. A continuous cervical epidural catheter with local anesthetic infusion was inserted for 5 days to control his pain. This relieved his pain, which was sustained even after we removed the epidural catheter on day 5, for up to 64 days until the time of his death. Continuous cervical epidural local anesthetic infusions may help with refractory pain by deafferentation of noxious stimuli. Central neuraxial blocks may be a valuable rescue in selected patients.
27803576	0	38	Continuous Cervical Epidural Analgesia	T061	C1959949
27803576	42	76	Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression	T047	C4076184
27803576	77	111	Metastatic spinal cord compression	T047	C4076184
27803576	129	151	complication of cancer	T046	C0596237
27803576	153	161	Patients	T101	C0030705
27803576	185	190	doses	T081	C0178602
27803576	194	201	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27803576	217	229	side effects	T046	C0879626
27803576	231	240	myoclonus	T184	C0027066
27803576	259	270	63-year-old	T079	C0439234
27803576	271	275	male	T032	C0086582
27803576	276	285	suffering	T048	C0683278
27803576	291	300	malignant	T080	C0205282
27803576	301	324	spinal cord compression	T047	C0037926
27803576	329	337	admitted	T058	C0809949
27803576	345	356	institution	T093	C2607850
27803576	370	374	team	T096	C0871489
27803576	387	401	conservatively	T061	C0459914
27803576	407	422	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
27803576	431	445	relief of pain	T061	C0451615
27803576	466	475	myoclonus	T184	C0027066
27803576	480	488	sedation	T033	C0235195
27803576	492	507	adverse effects	T046	C0041755
27803576	511	548	continuous cervical epidural catheter	T074	C0085590
27803576	554	579	local anesthetic infusion	T061	C0842518
27803576	584	592	inserted	T058	C0441587
27803576	607	623	control his pain	T061	C1304888
27803576	630	647	relieved his pain	T061	C0002766
27803576	659	668	sustained	T169	C0443318
27803576	683	690	removed	T080	C0849355
27803576	695	712	epidural catheter	T074	C0179751
27803576	716	721	day 5	T079	C0439228
27803576	733	740	64 days	T079	C0439228
27803576	751	768	time of his death	T079	C1301931
27803576	770	815	Continuous cervical epidural local anesthetic	T061	C1959949
27803576	816	825	infusions	T061	C0574032
27803576	840	855	refractory pain	T184	C0030200
27803576	859	874	deafferentation	T061	C1522415
27803576	878	893	noxious stimuli	T040	C2371242
27803576	895	919	Central neuraxial blocks	T061	C1319002
27803576	957	965	patients	T101	C0030705

27803787|t|Anti-inflammatory effect of Yu-Ping-Feng-San via TGF-β1 signaling suppression in rat model of COPD
27803787|a|Yu-Ping-Feng-San (YPFS) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine that is widely used for treatment of the diseases in respiratory systems, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recognized as chronic inflammatory disease. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here we detected the factors involved in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/ Smad2 signaling pathway and inflammatory cytokines, to clarify whether YPFS could attenuate inflammatory response dependent on TGF-β1 / Smad2 signaling in COPD rats or cigarette smoke extract (CSE)- treated human bronchial epithelial (Beas-2B) cells. The COPD rat model was established by exposure to cigarette smoke and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide, YPFS was administered to the animals. The efficacy of YPFS was evaluated by comparing the severity of pulmonary pathological damage, pro-inflammation cytokines, collagen related genes and the activation of TGF-β1 / Smad2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, CSE - treated cells were employed to confirm whether the effect of YPFS was dependent on the TGF-β1 / Smad2 signaling via knockdown Smad2 (Si-RNA), or pretreatment with the inhibitor of TGF-β1. Administration of YPFS effectively alleviated injury of lung, suppressed releasing of pro-inflammatory cytokines and collagen deposition in COPD animals (P<0.05), whereas exogenous TGF-β1 promoted releasing of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα (P<0.05). Administration YPFS reduced inflammatory response significantly, also down-regulated TGF-β1 / Smad2 signaling in vivo and in vitro. Unexpectedly, knockdown Smad2 or inhibition of TGF-β1 abolished anti-inflammatory effect of YPFS in CSE - treated cells. YPFS accomplished anti-inflammatory effects mainly by suppressing phosphorylation of Smad2, TGF-β1 / Smad2 signaling pathway was required for YPFS -mediated anti-inflammation in COPD rats or CSE - treated Beas-2B cells.
27803787	0	24	Anti-inflammatory effect	T080	C1515999
27803787	28	44	Yu-Ping-Feng-San	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	49	55	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	56	77	signaling suppression	T038	C3158357
27803787	81	84	rat	T015	C0034721
27803787	85	90	model	T050	C0012644
27803787	94	98	COPD	T047	C0024117
27803787	99	115	Yu-Ping-Feng-San	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	117	121	YPFS	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	150	166	Chinese medicine	T121	C0013227
27803787	191	200	treatment	T169	C1522326
27803787	208	216	diseases	T047	C0012634
27803787	220	239	respiratory systems	T022	C0035237
27803787	251	288	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
27803787	290	294	COPD	T047	C0024117
27803787	310	338	chronic inflammatory disease	T047	C1290886
27803787	353	372	molecular mechanism	T044	C3537153
27803787	431	464	transforming growth factor beta 1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	466	472	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	475	480	Smad2	T116,T123	C1566792
27803787	481	498	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27803787	503	525	inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27803787	546	550	YPFS	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	557	566	attenuate	T052	C0599946
27803787	567	588	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27803787	602	608	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	611	616	Smad2	T116,T123	C1566792
27803787	617	626	signaling	T038	C3537152
27803787	630	634	COPD	T047	C0024117
27803787	635	639	rats	T015	C0034721
27803787	643	666	cigarette smoke extract	T131	C0239059
27803787	668	671	CSE	T131	C0239059
27803787	674	681	treated	T169	C1522326
27803787	682	687	human	T016	C0086418
27803787	688	724	bronchial epithelial (Beas-2B) cells	T025	C1711178
27803787	730	734	COPD	T047	C0024117
27803787	735	738	rat	T015	C0034721
27803787	739	744	model	T050	C0012644
27803787	764	772	exposure	T080	C0332157
27803787	776	791	cigarette smoke	T131	C0239059
27803787	796	822	intratracheal instillation	T169	C1555389
27803787	826	844	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27803787	846	850	YPFS	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	875	882	animals	T008	C0003062
27803787	888	896	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27803787	900	904	YPFS	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	936	944	severity	T080	C0439793
27803787	948	977	pulmonary pathological damage	T046	C0030660
27803787	979	1005	pro-inflammation cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27803787	1007	1029	collagen related genes	T028	C0017337
27803787	1038	1048	activation	T052	C1879547
27803787	1052	1058	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	1061	1066	Smad2	T116,T123	C1566792
27803787	1067	1084	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27803787	1099	1102	CSE	T131	C0239059
27803787	1105	1112	treated	T169	C1522326
27803787	1113	1118	cells	T025	C0007634
27803787	1156	1162	effect	T080	C1280500
27803787	1166	1170	YPFS	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	1192	1198	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	1201	1206	Smad2	T116,T123	C1566792
27803787	1207	1216	signaling	T038	C3537152
27803787	1221	1230	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27803787	1231	1236	Smad2	T028	C1334468
27803787	1238	1244	Si-RNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27803787	1250	1262	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27803787	1272	1281	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27803787	1285	1291	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	1311	1315	YPFS	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	1339	1353	injury of lung	T037	C0273115
27803787	1355	1365	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27803787	1379	1405	pro-inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27803787	1410	1429	collagen deposition	T046	C0333584
27803787	1433	1437	COPD	T047	C0024117
27803787	1438	1445	animals	T008	C0003062
27803787	1464	1480	exogenous TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	1503	1508	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27803787	1510	1514	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27803787	1516	1520	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27803787	1546	1550	YPFS	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	1559	1580	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27803787	1601	1615	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27803787	1616	1622	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	1625	1630	Smad2	T116,T123	C1566792
27803787	1631	1640	signaling	T038	C3537152
27803787	1641	1648	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27803787	1653	1661	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27803787	1677	1686	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27803787	1687	1692	Smad2	T028	C1334468
27803787	1696	1706	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27803787	1710	1716	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	1727	1751	anti-inflammatory effect	T080	C1515999
27803787	1755	1759	YPFS	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	1763	1766	CSE	T131	C0239059
27803787	1769	1776	treated	T169	C1522326
27803787	1777	1782	cells	T025	C0007634
27803787	1784	1788	YPFS	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	1802	1827	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
27803787	1838	1849	suppressing	T169	C1260953
27803787	1850	1865	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27803787	1869	1874	Smad2	T116,T123	C1566792
27803787	1876	1882	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
27803787	1885	1890	Smad2	T116,T123	C1566792
27803787	1891	1908	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27803787	1926	1930	YPFS	T109,T121	C1676720
27803787	1941	1958	anti-inflammation	T080	C1515999
27803787	1962	1966	COPD	T047	C0024117
27803787	1967	1971	rats	T015	C0034721
27803787	1975	1978	CSE	T131	C0239059
27803787	1981	1988	treated	T169	C1522326
27803787	1989	2002	Beas-2B cells	T025	C1711178

27804067|t|Consistent tracer administration profile improves test-retest repeatability of myocardial blood flow quantification with (82)Rb dynamic PET imaging
27804067|a|Quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and stress / rest flow reserve is used increasingly to diagnose multi-vessel coronary artery disease and micro-vascular disease with PET imaging. However, variability in the measurements may limit physician confidence to direct revascularization therapies based on specific threshold values. This study evaluated the effects of rubidium-82 ((82)Rb) tracer injection profile using a constant - activity-rate (CA) vs a constant - flow-rate (CF) infusion to improve test-retest repeatability of MBF measurements. 22 participants underwent single-session (82)Rb dynamic PET imaging during rest and dipyridamole stress using one of 2 test-retest infusion protocols: CA - CA (n = 12) or CA - CF (n = 10). MBF was quantified using a single-tissue-compartment model (1TCM) and a simplified retention model (SRM). Non-parametric test-retest repeatability coefficients (RPCnp) were compared between groups. Myocardium-to-blood contrast and signal-to-noise ratios of the late uptake images (2 to 6 minutes) were also compared to evaluate standard myocardial perfusion image (MPI) quality. MBF values in the CA - CA group were more repeatable (smaller RPCnp) than the CA - CF group using the 1TCM at rest alone, rest and stress combined, and stress / rest reserve (21% vs 36%, 16% vs 19%, and 20% vs 27%, P < 0.05, respectively), and using the SRM at Rest and Stress alone, Rest and Stress combined, and stress / rest reserve (21% vs 38%, 15% vs 25%, 22% vs 38%, and 23% vs 49%, P < 0.05, respectively). In terms of image quality, myocardium-to-blood contrast and signal-to-noise ratios were not significantly different between groups. Constant - activity-rate 'square-wave' infusion of (82)Rb produces more repeatable tracer injection profiles and decreases the test-retest variability of MBF measurements, when compared to a constant- flow-rate 'bolus' administration of (82)Rb, especially with SRM, and without compromising standard MPI quality.
27804067	11	17	tracer	T130	C1522485
27804067	18	40	administration profile	T061	C1533734
27804067	50	75	test-retest repeatability	T062	C0237828
27804067	79	100	myocardial blood flow	T042	C2986786
27804067	101	115	quantification	T081	C1709793
27804067	121	127	(82)Rb	T121,T130,T196	C0303554
27804067	128	139	dynamic PET	T060	C0032743
27804067	140	147	imaging	T060	C0011923
27804067	148	162	Quantification	T081	C1709793
27804067	166	187	myocardial blood flow	T042	C2986786
27804067	189	192	MBF	T042	C2986786
27804067	198	204	stress	T033	C0038435
27804067	207	211	rest	T056	C0035253
27804067	212	224	flow reserve	T201	C1721077
27804067	233	245	increasingly	T081	C0205217
27804067	249	257	diagnose	T033	C0011900
27804067	258	294	multi-vessel coronary artery disease	T047	C1299432
27804067	299	321	micro-vascular disease	T047	C3495826
27804067	327	330	PET	T060	C0032743
27804067	331	338	imaging	T060	C0011923
27804067	349	360	variability	T077	C2827666
27804067	368	380	measurements	T169	C0242485
27804067	422	439	revascularization	T061	C0027056
27804067	440	449	therapies	T061	C0087111
27804067	468	484	threshold values	T080	C0042295
27804067	491	496	study	T062	C0008972
27804067	497	506	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27804067	511	518	effects	T080	C1280500
27804067	522	533	rubidium-82	T121,T130,T196	C0303554
27804067	535	541	(82)Rb	T121,T130,T196	C0303554
27804067	543	549	tracer	T130	C1522485
27804067	550	567	injection profile	T061	C1533685
27804067	576	584	constant	T080	C1948059
27804067	587	600	activity-rate	T081	C1521828
27804067	602	604	CA	T081	C1521828
27804067	611	619	constant	T080	C1948059
27804067	622	631	flow-rate	T081	C2826285
27804067	633	635	CF	T081	C2826285
27804067	637	645	infusion	T061	C0574032
27804067	657	682	test-retest repeatability	T062	C0237828
27804067	686	689	MBF	T042	C2986786
27804067	690	702	measurements	T169	C0242485
27804067	707	719	participants	T101	C0030705
27804067	745	751	(82)Rb	T121,T130,T196	C0303554
27804067	752	763	dynamic PET	T060	C0032743
27804067	764	771	imaging	T060	C0011923
27804067	779	783	rest	T056	C0035253
27804067	788	807	dipyridamole stress	T060	C2036187
27804067	823	834	test-retest	T062	C0237828
27804067	835	853	infusion protocols	T061	C0574032
27804067	855	857	CA	T081	C1521828
27804067	860	862	CA	T081	C1521828
27804067	875	877	CA	T081	C1521828
27804067	880	882	CF	T081	C2826285
27804067	893	896	MBF	T042	C2986786
27804067	901	911	quantified	T081	C1709793
27804067	920	951	single-tissue-compartment model	T170	C2986731
27804067	953	957	1TCM	T170	C2986731
27804067	965	991	simplified retention model	T170	C3161035
27804067	993	996	SRM	T170	C3161035
27804067	999	1052	Non-parametric test-retest repeatability coefficients	T081	C1707429
27804067	1054	1059	RPCnp	T081	C1707429
27804067	1083	1089	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27804067	1091	1119	Myocardium-to-blood contrast	T081	C0392762
27804067	1124	1146	signal-to-noise ratios	T081	C2986823
27804067	1166	1172	images	T170	C1704254
27804067	1181	1188	minutes	T079	C0439232
27804067	1212	1220	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27804067	1230	1256	myocardial perfusion image	T170	C1704254
27804067	1258	1261	MPI	T170	C1704254
27804067	1263	1270	quality	T080	C0332306
27804067	1272	1275	MBF	T042	C2986786
27804067	1290	1292	CA	T081	C1521828
27804067	1295	1297	CA	T081	C1521828
27804067	1298	1303	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27804067	1326	1339	smaller RPCnp	T081	C1707429
27804067	1350	1352	CA	T081	C1521828
27804067	1355	1357	CF	T081	C2826285
27804067	1358	1363	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27804067	1374	1378	1TCM	T170	C2986731
27804067	1382	1386	rest	T056	C0035253
27804067	1394	1398	rest	T056	C0035253
27804067	1403	1409	stress	T033	C0038435
27804067	1424	1430	stress	T033	C0038435
27804067	1433	1437	rest	T056	C0035253
27804067	1526	1529	SRM	T170	C3161035
27804067	1533	1537	Rest	T056	C0035253
27804067	1533	1537	Rest	T056	C0035253
27804067	1542	1548	Stress	T033	C0038435
27804067	1556	1560	Rest	T056	C0035253
27804067	1565	1571	Stress	T033	C0038435
27804067	1586	1592	stress	T033	C0038435
27804067	1595	1599	rest	T056	C0035253
27804067	1698	1711	image quality	T080	C0806487
27804067	1713	1741	myocardium-to-blood contrast	T081	C0392762
27804067	1746	1768	signal-to-noise ratios	T081	C2986823
27804067	1810	1816	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27804067	1818	1826	Constant	T080	C1948059
27804067	1829	1842	activity-rate	T081	C1521828
27804067	1857	1865	infusion	T061	C0574032
27804067	1869	1875	(82)Rb	T121,T130,T196	C0303554
27804067	1901	1907	tracer	T130	C1522485
27804067	1908	1926	injection profiles	T061	C1533685
27804067	1931	1940	decreases	T081	C0547047
27804067	1945	1956	test-retest	T062	C0237828
27804067	1957	1968	variability	T077	C2827666
27804067	1972	1975	MBF	T042	C2986786
27804067	1976	1988	measurements	T169	C0242485
27804067	2019	2028	flow-rate	T081	C2826285
27804067	2029	2051	'bolus' administration	T061	C1511237
27804067	2055	2061	(82)Rb	T121,T130,T196	C0303554
27804067	2079	2082	SRM	T170	C3161035
27804067	2118	2129	MPI quality	T080	C0806487

27804215|t|Simultaneously Targeting Myofibroblast Contractility and Extracellular Matrix Cross-Linking as a Therapeutic Concept in Airway Fibrosis
27804215|a|Fibrosis after solid organ transplantation is considered an irreversible process and remains the major cause of graft dysfunction and death with limited therapies. This remodeling is characterized by aberrant accumulation of contractile myofibroblasts that deposit excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) and increase tissue stiffness. Studies demonstrate, however, that a stiff ECM itself promotes fibroblast -to- myofibroblast differentiation, stimulating further ECM production. This creates a positive feedback loop that perpetuates fibrosis. We hypothesized that simultaneously targeting myofibroblast contractility with relaxin and ECM stiffness with lysyl oxidase inhibitors could break the feedback loop, reversing established fibrosis. To test this, we used the orthotopic tracheal transplantation (OTT) mouse model, which develops robust fibrotic airway remodeling. Mice with established fibrosis were treated with saline, mono-, or combination therapies. Although monotherapies had no effect, combining these agents decreased collagen deposition and promoted re-epithelialization of remodeled airways. Relaxin inhibited myofibroblast differentiation and contraction in a matrix - stiffness - dependent manner through prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Furthermore, the effect of combination therapy was lost in PGE2 receptor knockout and PGE2 - inhibited OTT mice. This study revealed the important synergistic roles of cellular contractility and tissue stiffness in the maintenance of fibrotic tissue and suggests a new therapeutic principle for fibrosis.
27804215	0	14	Simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27804215	15	24	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27804215	25	52	Myofibroblast Contractility	T043	C4235370
27804215	57	77	Extracellular Matrix	T024	C0015350
27804215	78	91	Cross-Linking	T169	C0332220
27804215	97	116	Therapeutic Concept	T169	C0302350
27804215	120	126	Airway	T023	C0458827
27804215	127	135	Fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27804215	136	144	Fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27804215	151	178	solid organ transplantation	T061	C0029216
27804215	196	208	irreversible	T079	C0205355
27804215	209	216	process	T067	C1522240
27804215	233	238	major	T080	C0205164
27804215	248	265	graft dysfunction	T046	C1167870
27804215	270	275	death	T040	C0011065
27804215	281	288	limited	T169	C0439801
27804215	289	298	therapies	T061	C0087111
27804215	305	315	remodeling	UnknownType	C0678692
27804215	319	332	characterized	T052	C1880022
27804215	336	344	aberrant	T080	C0443127
27804215	345	357	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27804215	361	387	contractile myofibroblasts	T025	C0225360
27804215	393	400	deposit	T169	C0333562
27804215	401	410	excessive	T080	C0442802
27804215	411	431	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27804215	433	436	ECM	T024	C0015350
27804215	442	450	increase	T169	C0442805
27804215	451	467	tissue stiffness	T184	C2017125
27804215	469	476	Studies	T062	C2603343
27804215	506	511	stiff	T184	C0427008
27804215	512	515	ECM	T024	C0015350
27804215	523	531	promotes	T052	C0033414
27804215	532	542	fibroblast	T025	C0016030
27804215	548	561	myofibroblast	T025	C0225360
27804215	562	577	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27804215	579	590	stimulating	T052	C1879547
27804215	599	602	ECM	T024	C0015350
27804215	603	613	production	T052	C1883254
27804215	630	652	positive feedback loop	UnknownType	C0678664
27804215	658	669	perpetuates	T080	C0205556
27804215	670	678	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27804215	683	695	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
27804215	701	715	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27804215	716	725	targeting	T169	C1521840
27804215	726	753	myofibroblast contractility	T043	C4235370
27804215	759	766	relaxin	T116,T121,T125	C0035031
27804215	771	774	ECM	T024	C0015350
27804215	775	784	stiffness	T184	C0427008
27804215	790	803	lysyl oxidase	T116,T126	C0024375
27804215	804	814	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27804215	831	844	feedback loop	T039	C0678663
27804215	846	855	reversing	T169	C1555029
27804215	856	867	established	T080	C0443211
27804215	868	876	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27804215	881	885	test	T169	C0039593
27804215	904	939	orthotopic tracheal transplantation	T061	C0040732
27804215	941	944	OTT	T061	C0040732
27804215	946	957	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27804215	974	980	robust	T080	C2986815
27804215	981	989	fibrotic	T169	C0334129
27804215	990	996	airway	T023	C0458827
27804215	997	1007	remodeling	UnknownType	C0678692
27804215	1009	1013	Mice	T015	C0025929
27804215	1019	1030	established	T080	C0443211
27804215	1031	1039	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27804215	1045	1052	treated	T169	C1522326
27804215	1058	1064	saline	T167	C0036082
27804215	1066	1071	mono-	T061	C0520016
27804215	1076	1097	combination therapies	T061	C0013218
27804215	1108	1121	monotherapies	T061	C0520016
27804215	1126	1135	no effect	T080	C1301751
27804215	1137	1159	combining these agents	T121	C0013162
27804215	1160	1169	decreased	T081	C0205216
27804215	1170	1178	collagen	T116	C0009325
27804215	1179	1189	deposition	T169	C0333562
27804215	1194	1202	promoted	T052	C0033414
27804215	1203	1223	re-epithelialization	T042	C0334221
27804215	1227	1244	remodeled airways	T033	C2717792
27804215	1246	1253	Relaxin	T116,T121,T125	C0035031
27804215	1254	1263	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27804215	1264	1277	myofibroblast	T025	C0225360
27804215	1278	1293	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27804215	1298	1309	contraction	T046	C1140999
27804215	1315	1321	matrix	T024	C0015350
27804215	1324	1333	stiffness	T184	C0427008
27804215	1336	1345	dependent	T169	C3244310
27804215	1361	1377	prostaglandin E2	T109	C3813211
27804215	1379	1383	PGE2	T109	C3813211
27804215	1403	1409	effect	T080	C1280500
27804215	1413	1432	combination therapy	T061	C0013218
27804215	1445	1458	PGE2 receptor	T116,T192	C0034835
27804215	1459	1467	knockout	T015	C0206745
27804215	1472	1476	PGE2	T109	C3813211
27804215	1479	1488	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27804215	1489	1492	OTT	T061	C0040732
27804215	1493	1497	mice	T015	C0025929
27804215	1504	1509	study	T062	C2603343
27804215	1510	1518	revealed	T080	C0443289
27804215	1533	1544	synergistic	T080	C2986495
27804215	1545	1550	roles	T077	C1705810
27804215	1554	1576	cellular contractility	T046	C1140999
27804215	1581	1597	tissue stiffness	T184	C2017125
27804215	1605	1616	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27804215	1620	1628	fibrotic	T169	C0334129
27804215	1629	1635	tissue	T024	C0040300
27804215	1655	1666	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27804215	1667	1676	principle	UnknownType	C0678989
27804215	1681	1689	fibrosis	T046	C0016059

27804311|t|Systemic matrix metalloproteinase-8 response in chronic tonsillitis
27804311|a|The development of several life-long diseases, such as coronary heart disease, is affected by low-grade systemic inflammation. Data on the potential long-term health effects of chronic tonsillitis are limited. Many inflammatory conditions present with enhanced systemic matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 response. In head and neck cancer, high plasma level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 predicts poor prognosis. We analyzed S-MMP-8 with immunofluorometric assay and S-TIMP-1 with an immunosorbent assay in 175 consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy for benign tonsillar disease, and in 33 control patients with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma. Tonsillar human papillomavirus (HPV) status was determined by PCR. In patients with benign tonsillar disease, chronic tonsillitis without hypertrophy was associated with enhanced systemic MMP-8 response. Compared to patients with benign tonsillar disease, patients with tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma had significantly higher concentrations of S-MMP-8 and S-TIMP-1. Neither S-MMP-8 nor S-TIMP-1 correlated with tonsillar HPV positivity.
27804311	0	35	Systemic matrix metalloproteinase-8	T116,T126	C1721358
27804311	36	44	response	T038	C3714634
27804311	48	67	chronic tonsillitis	T047	C0149517
27804311	72	83	development	T169	C1527148
27804311	105	113	diseases	T047	C0012634
27804311	123	145	coronary heart disease	T047	C0010068
27804311	162	171	low-grade	T080	C1282907
27804311	172	180	systemic	T169	C0205373
27804311	181	193	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27804311	195	199	Data	T078	C1511726
27804311	207	216	potential	T080	C3245505
27804311	217	226	long-term	T079	C0443252
27804311	227	233	health	T078	C0018684
27804311	234	241	effects	T080	C1280500
27804311	245	264	chronic tonsillitis	T047	C0149517
27804311	283	295	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
27804311	296	306	conditions	T080	C0348080
27804311	329	362	systemic matrix metalloproteinase	T116,T126	C1721358
27804311	363	370	(MMP)-8	T116,T126	C1721358
27804311	371	379	response	T038	C3714634
27804311	384	404	head and neck cancer	T191	C0278996
27804311	406	410	high	T080	C0205250
27804311	411	417	plasma	T031	C0032105
27804311	418	423	level	T080	C0441889
27804311	427	464	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase	T116,T123	C0145947
27804311	465	473	(TIMP)-1	T116,T123	C0145947
27804311	474	482	predicts	T078	C0681842
27804311	483	497	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27804311	511	518	S-MMP-8	T116,T126	C1721358
27804311	524	548	immunofluorometric assay	T059	C0016350
27804311	553	561	S-TIMP-1	T116,T123	C0145947
27804311	570	589	immunosorbent assay	T059	C1532280
27804311	597	608	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27804311	609	617	patients	T101	C0030705
27804311	629	642	tonsillectomy	T061	C0040423
27804311	647	671	benign tonsillar disease	T191	C0153936
27804311	683	690	control	T096	C0009932
27804311	691	699	patients	T101	C0030705
27804311	705	738	tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0280317
27804311	740	749	Tonsillar	T023	C0040421
27804311	750	770	human papillomavirus	T005	C0021344
27804311	772	775	HPV	T005	C0021344
27804311	802	805	PCR	T063	C0032520
27804311	810	818	patients	T101	C0030705
27804311	824	848	benign tonsillar disease	T191	C0153936
27804311	850	869	chronic tonsillitis	T047	C0149517
27804311	878	889	hypertrophy	T046	C0020564
27804311	894	909	associated with	T080	C0332281
27804311	919	933	systemic MMP-8	T116,T126	C1721358
27804311	934	942	response	T038	C3714634
27804311	956	964	patients	T101	C0030705
27804311	970	994	benign tonsillar disease	T191	C0153936
27804311	996	1004	patients	T101	C0030705
27804311	1010	1043	tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0280317
27804311	1048	1068	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27804311	1069	1083	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27804311	1087	1094	S-MMP-8	T116,T126	C1721358
27804311	1099	1107	S-TIMP-1	T116,T123	C0145947
27804311	1117	1124	S-MMP-8	T116,T126	C1721358
27804311	1129	1137	S-TIMP-1	T116,T123	C0145947
27804311	1154	1163	tonsillar	T023	C0040421
27804311	1164	1167	HPV	T005	C0021344
27804311	1168	1178	positivity	T033	C1514241

27804911|t|Preparing the Health System to Respond to Ebola Virus Disease in New York City, 2014
27804911|a|The world's largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease began in West Africa in 2014. Although few cases were identified in the United States, the possibility of imported cases led US public health systems and health care facilities to focus on preparing the health care system to quickly and safely identify and respond to emerging infectious diseases. In New York City, early, coordinated planning among city and state agencies and the health care delivery system led to a successful response to a single case diagnosed in a returned health care worker. In this article we describe public health and health care system preparedness efforts in New York City to respond to Ebola and conclude that coordinated public health emergency response relies on joint planning and sustained resources for public health emergency response, epidemiology and laboratory capacity, and health care emergency management. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 5).
27804911	0	9	Preparing	T052	C1521827
27804911	14	27	Health System	T064	C1456613
27804911	31	41	Respond to	T170	C1553423
27804911	42	53	Ebola Virus	T005	C0013480
27804911	54	61	Disease	T047	C0012634
27804911	65	78	New York City	T083	C0027977
27804911	89	96	world's	T098	C2700280
27804911	117	128	Ebola virus	T005	C0013480
27804911	129	136	disease	T047	C0012634
27804911	146	157	West Africa	T083	C3846624
27804911	180	185	cases	T169	C0868928
27804911	209	222	United States	T083	C0041703
27804911	252	257	cases	T169	C0868928
27804911	262	264	US	T083	C0041703
27804911	265	286	public health systems	T064	C1456613
27804911	291	313	health care facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27804911	326	335	preparing	T052	C1521827
27804911	340	358	health care system	T093	C0018696
27804911	394	404	respond to	T170	C1553423
27804911	414	433	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
27804911	438	451	New York City	T083	C0027977
27804911	460	471	coordinated	T169	C0700114
27804911	472	480	planning	T170	C0086960
27804911	487	491	city	T083	C0008848
27804911	496	510	state agencies	T092	C0680777
27804911	519	546	health care delivery system	T093	C0018696
27804911	567	578	response to	T170	C1553423
27804911	593	602	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27804911	617	635	health care worker	T097	C0018724
27804911	665	678	public health	T058	C0699943
27804911	683	701	health care system	T093	C0018696
27804911	715	722	efforts	T040	C0031807
27804911	726	739	New York City	T083	C0027977
27804911	743	753	respond to	T170	C1553423
27804911	754	759	Ebola	T047	C0282687
27804911	778	789	coordinated	T169	C0700114
27804911	790	803	public health	T058	C0699943
27804911	804	813	emergency	T079	C0175673
27804911	814	822	response	T032	C0871261
27804911	839	847	planning	T170	C0086960
27804911	862	871	resources	T078	C0035201
27804911	876	889	public health	T058	C0699943
27804911	890	899	emergency	T079	C0175673
27804911	900	908	response	T032	C0871261
27804911	910	922	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27804911	927	937	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27804911	938	946	capacity	T081	C1516240
27804911	952	963	health care	T058	C0086388
27804911	964	984	emergency management	T064	C3825153

27805500|t|Addressing holistic health and work empowerment through a body-mind-spirit intervention program among helping professionals in continuous education: A pilot study
27805500|a|To examine the effectiveness of a body-mind-spirit (BMS) intervention program in improving the holistic well-being and work empowerment among helping professionals in continuous education. Forty-four helping professionals, who were in their first-year part-time postgraduate study, participated in the present study. All participants attended a 3-day BMS intervention program which emphasized a holistic approach to health and well-being. Ratings on their levels of physical distress, daily functioning, affect, spirituality, and psychologica l empowerment at work were compared before and immediately after the intervention. Participants reported significantly lower levels of negative affect and physical distress, and were less spiritually disoriented after the intervention. Enhanced levels of daily functioning, positive affect, spiritual resilience, and tranquility were also reported. Results also suggested that participants were empowered at work, and specifically felt more able to make an impact on work outcomes. The 3-day BMS intervention program produced a positive and measurable effec t on participants ' holistic well-being and empowerment at work. Educators in related fields could incorporate holistic practices into the curriculum to better prepare the future practitioners, leading to better outcomes both to the professionals themselves and their clients or patients.
27805500	0	10	Addressing	T170	C0376649
27805500	11	26	holistic health	T078	C0019844
27805500	31	35	work	T057	C0043227
27805500	36	47	empowerment	T054	C0679959
27805500	48	55	through	T169	C0332273
27805500	58	95	body-mind-spirit intervention program	T058	C0679897
27805500	102	109	helping	T054	C0018896
27805500	110	123	professionals	T097	C0679924
27805500	127	137	continuous	T078	C0549178
27805500	138	147	education	T065	C0013621
27805500	151	162	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27805500	178	191	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27805500	197	240	body-mind-spirit (BMS) intervention program	T058	C0679897
27805500	244	253	improving	T080	C1272745
27805500	258	277	holistic well-being	T078	C0019844
27805500	282	286	work	T057	C0043227
27805500	287	298	empowerment	T054	C0679959
27805500	305	312	helping	T054	C0018896
27805500	313	326	professionals	T097	C0679924
27805500	330	340	continuous	T078	C0549178
27805500	341	350	education	T065	C0013621
27805500	363	370	helping	T054	C0018896
27805500	371	384	professionals	T097	C0679924
27805500	425	443	postgraduate study	T065	C0597274
27805500	484	496	participants	T098	C0679646
27805500	497	505	attended	T169	C1456498
27805500	514	538	BMS intervention program	T058	C0679897
27805500	558	575	holistic approach	T078	C0683249
27805500	579	585	health	T078	C0018684
27805500	590	600	well-being	T078	C0018684
27805500	619	625	levels	T080	C0441889
27805500	629	646	physical distress	T033	C0231303
27805500	648	665	daily functioning	T054	C0037395
27805500	667	673	affect	T041	C0001721
27805500	675	687	spirituality	T078	C0237104
27805500	693	705	psychologica	T169	C0205486
27805500	708	719	empowerment	T054	C0679959
27805500	723	727	work	T057	C0043227
27805500	775	787	intervention	T058	C1273869
27805500	789	801	Participants	T098	C0679646
27805500	831	837	levels	T080	C0441889
27805500	841	856	negative affect	T033	C0243095
27805500	861	878	physical distress	T033	C0231303
27805500	894	917	spiritually disoriented	T033	C0243095
27805500	928	940	intervention	T058	C1273869
27805500	942	950	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
27805500	951	957	levels	T080	C0441889
27805500	961	978	daily functioning	T054	C0037395
27805500	980	995	positive affect	T041	C0018592
27805500	997	1017	spiritual resilience	UnknownType	C0683811
27805500	1023	1034	tranquility	T041	C0522165
27805500	1083	1095	participants	T098	C0679646
27805500	1101	1110	empowered	T041	C0562342
27805500	1114	1118	work	T057	C0043227
27805500	1173	1177	work	T057	C0043227
27805500	1198	1222	BMS intervention program	T058	C0679897
27805500	1234	1242	positive	T033	C0243095
27805500	1247	1257	measurable	T169	C1513040
27805500	1258	1263	effec	T080	C1280500
27805500	1269	1281	participants	T098	C0679646
27805500	1284	1303	holistic well-being	T078	C0019844
27805500	1308	1319	empowerment	T054	C0679959
27805500	1323	1327	work	T057	C0043227
27805500	1329	1338	Educators	T097	C0259853
27805500	1350	1356	fields	T077	C2346620
27805500	1375	1383	holistic	T078	C0019844
27805500	1384	1393	practices	T041	C0032893
27805500	1403	1413	curriculum	T170	C0010478
27805500	1443	1456	practitioners	T097	C1709627
27805500	1497	1510	professionals	T097	C0679924
27805500	1532	1539	clients	T096	C0008942
27805500	1543	1551	patients	T101	C0030705

27805887|t|Successful Restoration of Severely Mutilated Primary Incisors Using a Novel Method to Retain Zirconia Crowns - Two Year Results
27805887|a|This manuscript describes a simple reliable technique for restoring severely mutilated primary anterior teeth. A rigid glass ionomer post is created over which zirconia crowns can be fitted to achieve a long-term stable esthetic restoration for primary anterior teeth. Children aged 2-5 years with two up to six extensively decayed upper primary incisors were included. Fuji IX was condensed into an intracanal space created to a depth of 3mm, to provide a core which also extended 3mm supragingivally. Crown preparations were completed upon these cores. Zirconia crowns (Nusmile, Houston Texas USA) were fitted and cemented over the prepared cores. All patients were recalled at regular intervals. Twenty-three healthy children with 86 restorations participated in the study. The overall survival of the restorations was 95.3% after 12 months and 80.2% after 24 months. According to Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the median survival time was not reached while the estimated mean survival time was 22.9 months. This newly described clinical technique is simple and reliable to use for restoration of extensively decayed primary incisors. Use of zirconia crowns retained using this technique offers superior esthetic, durable restorations with remarkable gingival response up to 24 months.
27805887	0	22	Successful Restoration	T061	C0399059
27805887	35	44	Mutilated	T037	C0332811
27805887	45	61	Primary Incisors	T023	C0021156
27805887	93	101	Zirconia	T074	C3503915
27805887	102	108	Crowns	T074	C3853546
27805887	111	119	Two Year	T079	C0439234
27805887	120	127	Results	T169	C1274040
27805887	133	143	manuscript	T073,T170	C0600659
27805887	163	181	reliable technique	T169	C0449851
27805887	186	195	restoring	T061	C0399059
27805887	205	214	mutilated	T037	C0332811
27805887	215	237	primary anterior teeth	T023	C0021156
27805887	247	265	glass ionomer post	T122	C0017597
27805887	288	296	zirconia	T074	C3503915
27805887	297	303	crowns	T074	C3853546
27805887	331	340	long-term	T079	C0443252
27805887	348	356	esthetic	T061	C0010163
27805887	357	368	restoration	T061	C0399059
27805887	373	395	primary anterior teeth	T023	C0021156
27805887	397	405	Children	T100	C0008059
27805887	415	420	years	T079	C0439234
27805887	452	459	decayed	T047	C0011334
27805887	460	482	upper primary incisors	T023	C0021156
27805887	498	505	Fuji IX	T122	C0671561
27805887	528	544	intracanal space	T061	C0282543
27805887	558	563	depth	T082	C0205125
27805887	585	589	core	T082	C0444669
27805887	614	629	supragingivally	T061	C0086959
27805887	631	649	Crown preparations	T061	C0399013
27805887	676	681	cores	T082	C0444669
27805887	683	691	Zirconia	T074	C3503915
27805887	692	698	crowns	T074	C3853546
27805887	700	707	Nusmile	T170	C0947322
27805887	709	722	Houston Texas	T083	C3812709
27805887	723	726	USA	T083	C0041703
27805887	733	739	fitted	T067	C3714578
27805887	744	752	cemented	T031	C0011343
27805887	771	776	cores	T082	C0444669
27805887	782	790	patients	T101	C0030705
27805887	796	804	recalled	T061	C1707680
27805887	808	825	regular intervals	T079	C1272706
27805887	848	856	children	T100	C0008059
27805887	865	877	restorations	T061	C0399059
27805887	898	903	study	T062	C2603343
27805887	909	925	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27805887	933	945	restorations	T061	C0399059
27805887	965	971	months	T079	C0439231
27805887	991	997	months	T079	C0439231
27805887	1012	1042	Kaplan-Meier survival analysis	T062	C0038953
27805887	1048	1068	median survival time	T079	C2986586
27805887	1105	1123	mean survival time	T081	C0086595
27805887	1133	1139	months	T079	C0439231
27805887	1162	1180	clinical technique	T058	C0376583
27805887	1195	1203	reliable	T170	C3858758
27805887	1215	1226	restoration	T061	C0399059
27805887	1242	1249	decayed	T047	C0011334
27805887	1250	1266	primary incisors	T023	C0021156
27805887	1275	1283	zirconia	T074	C3503915
27805887	1284	1290	crowns	T074	C3853546
27805887	1311	1320	technique	T169	C0449851
27805887	1328	1345	superior esthetic	T080	C0004898
27805887	1355	1367	restorations	T061	C0399059
27805887	1384	1401	gingival response	T033	C0541981
27805887	1411	1417	months	T079	C0439231

27806383|t|Transplacental Passage of Acetaminophen in Term Pregnancy
27806383|a|Objective The objective of this study was to determine the maternal and fetal pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of acetaminophen after administration of a therapeutic oral dose. Study Design After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval and their written informed consent, pregnant women were given a single oral dose (1,000 mg) of acetaminophen upon admission for scheduled cesarean delivery. Maternal venous blood and fetal cord blood were obtained at the time of delivery and acetaminophen levels were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. PK parameters were calculated by noncompartmental analysis. Nonparametric correlation of maternal / fetal acetaminophen levels and PK curves were calculated. Results In this study, 34 subjects were enrolled (median, 32 years; range, 25-39 years). The median maternal weight was 82 kg (range, 62-100 kg). All but two subjects were delivered beyond 39 weeks' gestation. The median newborn birth weight was 3,590 g (interquartile range, 3,403-3,848 g). Noncompartmental analysis described similar PK parameters in the maternal (T1/2, 84 minutes; apparent clearance [Cl/F], 28.8 L/h; apparent volume of distribution [Vd/F], 57.5 L) and fetal compartments (T1/2, 82 minutes; Cl/F, 31.2 L/h; Vd/F, 61.2 L). Paired maternal / fetal acetaminophen levels were highly correlated (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Fetal acetaminophen PKs in the fetus parallels that in the mother suggesting that placental transfer is flow limited. Maternal acetaminophen levels can be used as a surrogate for fetal exposure.
27806383	0	14	Transplacental	T082	C0442375
27806383	15	22	Passage	T067	C1254366
27806383	26	39	Acetaminophen	T109,T121	C0000970
27806383	43	57	Term Pregnancy	T040	C0232991
27806383	58	67	Objective	T170	C0018017
27806383	72	81	objective	T170	C0018017
27806383	117	125	maternal	T099	C0026591
27806383	130	135	fetal	T018	C0015965
27806383	136	151	pharmacokinetic	T039	C0031327
27806383	153	155	PK	T039	C0031327
27806383	153	155	PK	T039	C0031327
27806383	157	165	profiles	T059	C1979963
27806383	169	182	acetaminophen	T109,T121	C0000970
27806383	189	203	administration	T061	C0001563
27806383	209	220	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27806383	221	230	oral dose	T122	C1272919
27806383	232	244	Study Design	T062	C0035171
27806383	261	296	Institutional Review Board approval	T170	C2346499
27806383	307	331	written informed consent	T058	C0811741
27806383	333	347	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27806383	368	377	oral dose	T122	C1272919
27806383	392	405	acetaminophen	T109,T121	C0000970
27806383	411	420	admission	T058	C0184666
27806383	435	452	cesarean delivery	T061	C0869915
27806383	454	462	Maternal	T099	C0026591
27806383	463	475	venous blood	T031	C0229667
27806383	480	485	fetal	T018	C0015965
27806383	486	496	cord blood	T031	C0162371
27806383	502	510	obtained	T033	C1277697
27806383	518	534	time of delivery	T201	C1301668
27806383	539	559	acetaminophen levels	T059	C0373527
27806383	565	573	measured	T080	C0444706
27806383	580	616	gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy	T059	C0024868
27806383	618	620	PK	T039	C0031327
27806383	621	631	parameters	T033	C0449381
27806383	637	647	calculated	T169	C0444686
27806383	651	667	noncompartmental	T082	C1254362
27806383	668	676	analysis	T062	C0936012
27806383	678	703	Nonparametric correlation	T080	C1707520
27806383	707	715	maternal	T099	C0026591
27806383	718	723	fetal	T018	C0015965
27806383	724	744	acetaminophen levels	T059	C0373527
27806383	749	751	PK	T039	C0031327
27806383	764	774	calculated	T169	C0444686
27806383	776	783	Results	T169	C1274040
27806383	792	797	study	T062	C2603343
27806383	802	810	subjects	T098	C2349001
27806383	826	832	median	T081	C0876920
27806383	869	875	median	T081	C0876920
27806383	876	884	maternal	T099	C0026591
27806383	885	891	weight	T032	C0005910
27806383	934	942	subjects	T098	C2349001
27806383	948	957	delivered	T061	C0011209
27806383	965	984	39 weeks' gestation	T079	C0233046
27806383	990	996	median	T081	C0876920
27806383	997	1017	newborn birth weight	T033	C0243095
27806383	1011	1017	weight	T032	C0005910
27806383	1031	1050	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27806383	1068	1084	Noncompartmental	T082	C1254362
27806383	1085	1093	analysis	T062	C0936012
27806383	1094	1103	described	T078	C1552738
27806383	1112	1114	PK	T039	C0031327
27806383	1115	1125	parameters	T033	C0449381
27806383	1133	1141	maternal	T099	C0026591
27806383	1161	1179	apparent clearance	UnknownType	C0678760
27806383	1181	1185	Cl/F	UnknownType	C0678760
27806383	1198	1229	apparent volume of distribution	T081	C0683148
27806383	1231	1235	Vd/F	T081	C0683148
27806383	1250	1255	fetal	T018	C0015965
27806383	1256	1268	compartments	T030	C0005888
27806383	1288	1292	Cl/F	UnknownType	C0678760
27806383	1304	1308	Vd/F	T081	C0683148
27806383	1326	1334	maternal	T099	C0026591
27806383	1337	1342	fetal	T018	C0015965
27806383	1343	1363	acetaminophen levels	T059	C0373527
27806383	1401	1411	Conclusion	T078	C1707478
27806383	1412	1417	Fetal	T018	C0015965
27806383	1418	1431	acetaminophen	T109,T121	C0000970
27806383	1432	1435	PKs	T039	C0031327
27806383	1443	1448	fetus	T018	C0015965
27806383	1471	1477	mother	T099	C0026591
27806383	1494	1512	placental transfer	T042	C0597250
27806383	1530	1538	Maternal	T099	C0026591
27806383	1539	1559	acetaminophen levels	T059	C0373527
27806383	1591	1596	fetal	T018	C0015965
27806383	1597	1605	exposure	T080	C0332157

27806385|t|Reimbursement Based on Value in Knee Surgery: What You Need to Know about the Medicare Access and Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015
27806385|a|Health care cost is consuming a large portion of the nation's gross domestic product while placing added economic burdens on physicians and their patients. With total joint replacement being one of the early-targeted procedures in the evolving health care environment, knee surgeons will benefit from developing a critical knowledge on health care reforms and their financial implications. The Medicare Access and Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act represents a cohesive movement toward value-based payment reform and contains several unchartered rulings that require detailed attention by knee surgeons. In this article, we provide a contextual framework of health care legislation that has led to the formation of the current health policy, and present a comprehensive summary and update on the Merit-Based Incentive Payment Systems and Alternative Payment Models reimbursement models.
27806385	0	13	Reimbursement	T170	C3242446
27806385	32	44	Knee Surgery	T061	C0187769
27806385	78	161	Medicare Access and Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015	T089	C4277549
27806385	162	178	Health care cost	T081	C0085552
27806385	215	223	nation's	T092	C1555720
27806385	224	246	gross domestic product	T081	C2936646
27806385	267	283	economic burdens	T081	C1512163
27806385	287	297	physicians	T097	C0031831
27806385	308	316	patients	T101	C0030705
27806385	323	346	total joint replacement	T061	C0185317
27806385	379	389	procedures	T061	C0184661
27806385	406	429	health care environment	T093	C0565997
27806385	431	444	knee surgeons	T097	C0334891
27806385	498	517	health care reforms	T064	C0206597
27806385	556	631	Medicare Access and Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act	T089	C4277549
27806385	670	696	value-based payment reform	T064	C0206597
27806385	773	786	knee surgeons	T097	C0334891
27806385	818	838	contextual framework	T078	C1254370
27806385	842	865	health care legislation	T089	C0018719
27806385	911	924	health policy	T089	C0018735
27806385	940	953	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27806385	954	961	summary	T170	C1706244
27806385	980	1017	Merit-Based Incentive Payment Systems	T170	C0282574
27806385	1022	1069	Alternative Payment Models reimbursement models	T170	C0282574

27806594|t|Technical Note: Bone mineral density measurements of strontium -rich trabecular bone - mimicking phantoms using quantitative ultrasound
27806594|a|Bone quantity, as determined by the current gold standard, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), through measured areal bone mineral density (aBMD), is subject to positive biases if bone strontium levels are high. This is of particular concern for populations administered strontium-based compounds for the treatment of osteoporosis. This study investigated the dependence of bone mineral density (BMD) determinations, and associated ultrasound -determined indices, obtained by quantitative ultrasound (QUS), on bone strontium content using a new generation of trabecular bone - mimicking phantoms. A new generation of bone - mimicking phantoms, consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA) and gelatin, was developed. Castor oil layers were included in these phantoms to create a multilayer bone - mimicking phantom. These phantoms were prepared using a bone mineral fraction consisting of varying strontium concentrations in the range of 0-2.5% mol/mol as strontium-substituted HA. The effect of varying bone strontium content on determined quality indices was evaluated based on determined speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and determined quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) for phantoms with varying BMD values and varying strontium concentration using two QUS systems: a clinical Sahara® system and an in-house research system with two identical transducers with center frequency of 1 MHz. The two QUS systems were also compared through a Bland-Altman analysis. Both the clinical system and the research QUS systems showed a strong dependency between BMD and BUA, indicating a potential for QUS to be used as a means of estimating BMD (p = 0.001). SOS was found to have no correlation to BMD (p = 0.546). There was no correlation observed between BUA and increasing bone strontium concentrations for the research (p = 0.749) and clinical (p = 0.609) QUS systems. Similarly, no dependency was observed between the SOS and bone strontium levels up to 2.5 mol/mol [Sr /(Sr + Ca)]% for the research (p = 0.862) and clinical (p = 0.481) QUS systems. No effect on the QUI values was observed with changing strontium levels with either research (p = 0.939) or clinical QUS systems (p = 0.931). A Bland-Altman analysis showed that there was a clear offset in determined QUI values for both systems but they are in agreement with one another. Bone quality can be assessed through the use of QUS while increasing bone strontium concentration was found to have no effect on QUS -determined quality indices. This study concludes that QUS can potentially be used for the determination of bone quality without introducing biases due to bone strontium levels as is known to be the case with DXA determined aBMD.
27806594	16	49	Bone mineral density measurements	T060	C0177804
27806594	53	62	strontium	T196	C0038467
27806594	69	84	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
27806594	87	105	mimicking phantoms	T170	C0597204
27806594	112	135	quantitative ultrasound	T074	C0677475
27806594	136	140	Bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	141	149	quantity	T081	C1265611
27806594	180	193	gold standard	T080	C0150110
27806594	195	227	dual energy X-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
27806594	229	232	DXA	T060	C1510486
27806594	243	278	measured areal bone mineral density	T060	C0177804
27806594	280	284	aBMD	T201	C0005938
27806594	320	324	bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	325	341	strontium levels	T059	C0524273
27806594	346	350	high	T080	C0205250
27806594	386	397	populations	T098	C1257890
27806594	398	410	administered	T169	C1521801
27806594	411	436	strontium-based compounds	T104	C0303537
27806594	445	470	treatment of osteoporosis	T061	C4303745
27806594	514	555	bone mineral density (BMD) determinations	T060	C0177804
27806594	572	582	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27806594	595	602	indices	T170	C0918012
27806594	616	639	quantitative ultrasound	T074	C0677475
27806594	641	644	QUS	T074	C0677475
27806594	650	654	bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	655	664	strontium	T196	C0038467
27806594	665	672	content	T081	C0005963
27806594	699	714	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
27806594	717	735	mimicking phantoms	T170	C0597204
27806594	757	761	bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	764	782	mimicking phantoms	T170	C0597204
27806594	798	812	hydroxyapatite	T121,T122,T197	C0115137
27806594	814	816	HA	T121,T122,T197	C0115137
27806594	846	856	Castor oil	T109,T121	C0007343
27806594	857	863	layers	T080	C1522408
27806594	887	895	phantoms	T170	C0597204
27806594	908	918	multilayer	T080	C1522408
27806594	919	923	bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	926	943	mimicking phantom	T170	C0597204
27806594	951	959	phantoms	T170	C0597204
27806594	982	1003	bone mineral fraction	T081	C0005963
27806594	1026	1050	strontium concentrations	T059	C0524273
27806594	1085	1109	strontium-substituted HA	T197	C0171322
27806594	1133	1137	bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	1138	1147	strontium	T196	C0038467
27806594	1148	1155	content	T081	C0005963
27806594	1170	1177	quality	T080	C0332306
27806594	1178	1185	indices	T170	C0918012
27806594	1220	1234	speed of sound	T081	C0392762
27806594	1236	1239	SOS	T081	C0392762
27806594	1242	1274	broadband ultrasound attenuation	T081	C0392762
27806594	1276	1279	BUA	T081	C0392762
27806594	1296	1325	quantitative ultrasound index	T081	C0392762
27806594	1327	1330	QUI	T081	C0392762
27806594	1336	1344	phantoms	T170	C0597204
27806594	1358	1361	BMD	T201	C0005938
27806594	1381	1404	strontium concentration	T059	C0524273
27806594	1415	1426	QUS systems	T074	C0677475
27806594	1430	1453	clinical Sahara® system	T060	C3516025
27806594	1461	1469	in-house	T078	C4288901
27806594	1470	1478	research	T062	C0035168
27806594	1479	1485	system	T074	C0677475
27806594	1505	1516	transducers	T074	C0184028
27806594	1529	1538	frequency	T079	C0439603
27806594	1557	1568	QUS systems	T074	C0677475
27806594	1598	1619	Bland-Altman analysis	T062	C0871424
27806594	1630	1645	clinical system	T060	C3516025
27806594	1654	1662	research	T062	C0035168
27806594	1663	1674	QUS systems	T074	C0677475
27806594	1691	1701	dependency	T080	C0851827
27806594	1710	1713	BMD	T201	C0005938
27806594	1718	1721	BUA	T081	C0392762
27806594	1750	1753	QUS	T074	C0677475
27806594	1790	1793	BMD	T201	C0005938
27806594	1807	1810	SOS	T081	C0392762
27806594	1847	1850	BMD	T201	C0005938
27806594	1874	1888	no correlation	T033	C0243095
27806594	1906	1909	BUA	T081	C0392762
27806594	1925	1929	bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	1930	1954	strontium concentrations	T059	C0524273
27806594	1963	1971	research	T062	C0035168
27806594	1988	1996	clinical	T080	C0205210
27806594	2009	2020	QUS systems	T074	C0677475
27806594	2072	2075	SOS	T081	C0392762
27806594	2080	2084	bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	2085	2101	strontium levels	T059	C0524273
27806594	2121	2123	Sr	T196	C0038467
27806594	2126	2128	Sr	T196	C0038467
27806594	2131	2133	Ca	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
27806594	2145	2153	research	T062	C0035168
27806594	2170	2178	clinical	T080	C0205210
27806594	2191	2202	QUS systems	T074	C0677475
27806594	2221	2224	QUI	T081	C0392762
27806594	2259	2275	strontium levels	T059	C0524273
27806594	2288	2296	research	T062	C0035168
27806594	2312	2332	clinical QUS systems	T060	C3516025
27806594	2348	2369	Bland-Altman analysis	T062	C0871424
27806594	2421	2424	QUI	T081	C0392762
27806594	2441	2448	systems	T074	C0677475
27806594	2493	2497	Bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	2498	2505	quality	T080	C0332306
27806594	2541	2544	QUS	T074	C0677475
27806594	2562	2566	bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	2567	2590	strontium concentration	T059	C0524273
27806594	2609	2618	no effect	T080	C1301751
27806594	2622	2625	QUS	T074	C0677475
27806594	2638	2645	quality	T080	C0332306
27806594	2646	2653	indices	T170	C0918012
27806594	2681	2684	QUS	T074	C0677475
27806594	2734	2738	bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	2739	2746	quality	T080	C0332306
27806594	2767	2773	biases	T078	C0600366
27806594	2781	2785	bone	T024	C0005931
27806594	2786	2802	strontium levels	T059	C0524273
27806594	2835	2838	DXA	T060	C1510486
27806594	2850	2854	aBMD	T201	C0005938

27806641|t|Empty Capsids and Macrophage Inhibition / Depletion Increase rAAV Transgene Expression in Joints of Both Healthy and Arthritic Mice
27806641|a|Gene therapy has potential to treat rheumatic diseases; however, the presence of macrophages in the joint might hamper adeno-associated viral vector -mediated gene delivery. Here we demonstrate that in arthritic, but also in healthy, mice administration of agents that influence macrophage activity / number and/or addition of empty decoy capsids substantially improve the efficacy of recombinant adeno-associated viral vector 5 transgene expression in the joint. Pretreatment with triamcinolone or clodronate liposomes improved luciferase expression over a period of 4 weeks. Similar results were seen when empty decoy capsids were added to full genome containing capsids in a 5:1 ratio. In a study to assess the duration of expression as well as to investigate the combination of these two approaches, we observed a synergistic enhancement of gene expression, sustained for at least 12 weeks. The enhancement of gene expression was independent of the route of administration of triamcinolone (intra-articular or intramuscular). In healthy mice it was demonstrated that the combination improved expression of the transgene significantly, in a serotype independent manner. These data have implications for future applications of gene therapy to the joint and for other tissues with an abundance of macrophages.
27806641	0	5	Empty	T080	C1880497
27806641	6	13	Capsids	T017	C0006933
27806641	18	28	Macrophage	T025	C0024432
27806641	29	39	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27806641	42	51	Depletion	T169	C0333668
27806641	52	60	Increase	T169	C0442805
27806641	61	65	rAAV	T121	C1520007
27806641	66	75	Transgene	T028	C0282641
27806641	76	86	Expression	T045	C0017262
27806641	90	96	Joints	T030	C0022417
27806641	105	112	Healthy	T080	C3898900
27806641	117	126	Arthritic	T047	C0003864
27806641	127	131	Mice	T015	C0025929
27806641	132	144	Gene therapy	T061	C0017296
27806641	149	158	potential	T080	C3245505
27806641	162	167	treat	T061	C0087111
27806641	168	186	rheumatic diseases	T047	C0035435
27806641	201	209	presence	T033	C0150312
27806641	213	224	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27806641	232	237	joint	T030	C0022417
27806641	251	273	adeno-associated viral	T005	C0001417
27806641	274	280	vector	T121	C1520007
27806641	291	304	gene delivery	T077	C1524066
27806641	334	343	arthritic	T047	C0003864
27806641	357	364	healthy	T080	C3898900
27806641	366	370	mice	T015	C0025929
27806641	371	395	administration of agents	T058	C2348003
27806641	401	410	influence	T077	C4054723
27806641	411	421	macrophage	T025	C0024432
27806641	422	430	activity	T052	C0441655
27806641	433	439	number	T081	C0237753
27806641	447	455	addition	T169	C1883712
27806641	459	464	empty	T080	C1880497
27806641	465	478	decoy capsids	T017	C0006933
27806641	493	500	improve	T033	C0184511
27806641	505	513	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27806641	517	528	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27806641	529	551	adeno-associated viral	T005	C0001417
27806641	552	558	vector	T121	C1520007
27806641	561	570	transgene	T028	C0282641
27806641	571	581	expression	T045	C0017262
27806641	589	594	joint	T030	C0022417
27806641	596	608	Pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27806641	614	627	triamcinolone	T109,T121	C0040864
27806641	631	641	clodronate	T109,T121	C0162357
27806641	642	651	liposomes	T109	C0023828
27806641	652	660	improved	T033	C0184511
27806641	661	671	luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C0024075
27806641	672	682	expression	T045	C0017262
27806641	690	696	period	T079	C1948053
27806641	702	707	weeks	T079	C0439230
27806641	709	716	Similar	T080	C2348205
27806641	717	724	results	T033	C0683954
27806641	740	745	empty	T080	C1880497
27806641	746	759	decoy capsids	T017	C0006933
27806641	765	770	added	T169	C1524062
27806641	774	778	full	T080	C0443225
27806641	779	785	genome	T028	C0017428
27806641	797	804	capsids	T017	C0006933
27806641	814	819	ratio	T081	C0456603
27806641	826	831	study	T062	C0008972
27806641	835	841	assess	T052	C1516048
27806641	846	854	duration	T079	C0449238
27806641	858	868	expression	T045	C0017262
27806641	883	894	investigate	T169	C1292732
27806641	899	910	combination	T080	C0205195
27806641	924	934	approaches	T169	C1292724
27806641	939	947	observed	T169	C1441672
27806641	950	961	synergistic	T080	C2986495
27806641	962	973	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27806641	977	992	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27806641	994	1003	sustained	T169	C0443318
27806641	1020	1025	weeks	T079	C0439230
27806641	1031	1042	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27806641	1046	1061	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27806641	1085	1108	route of administration	T169	C0013153
27806641	1112	1125	triamcinolone	T109,T121	C0040864
27806641	1127	1142	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
27806641	1146	1159	intramuscular	T082	C0442117
27806641	1165	1172	healthy	T080	C3898900
27806641	1173	1177	mice	T015	C0025929
27806641	1207	1218	combination	T080	C0205195
27806641	1219	1227	improved	T033	C0184511
27806641	1228	1238	expression	T045	C0017262
27806641	1246	1255	transgene	T028	C0282641
27806641	1276	1284	serotype	T170	C0449943
27806641	1311	1315	data	T078	C1511726
27806641	1361	1373	gene therapy	T061	C0017296
27806641	1381	1386	joint	T030	C0022417
27806641	1401	1408	tissues	T024	C0040300
27806641	1417	1426	abundance	T080	C2346714
27806641	1430	1441	macrophages	T025	C0024432

27806658|t|The association between maternal hydronephrosis and acute flank pain during pregnancy: a prospective pilot-study
27806658|a|Maternal hydronephrosis may cause flank pain during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal hydronephrosis and flank pain intensity. From 2014 to 2015, all consecutive women with singleton pregnancies, who presented at our tertiary center due to acute flank pain, were prospectively evaluated by renal ultrasonography and pain questionnaires. A visual analogue scale was used to assess pain intensity. The study had 90% power to detect a significant correlation between hydronephrosis and flank pain (Spearman's test). A total of 51 consecutive women with left-sided (13.7%), right-sided (64.7%) or bilateral (21.6%) pain were enrolled. The mean gestational age of these women, who presented due to their pain, was 27.5 ± 6.8 weeks at the time of consultation. The mean VAS score was 7.6 ± 2.2. In 43/51 (84.3%) women, hydronephrosis was found on renal sonograms. No correlation was found between the grade of hydronephrosis and pain intensity (p = 0.466; r= -0.28). Women delivered at a mean gestational age of 38.1 ± 2.4 weeks and their infants had a mean birthweight of 3138 ± 677 g. Hydronephrosis is a common finding among pregnant women with acute flank pain. The grade of hydronephrosis does not affect pain intensity. This study suggests normal pregnancy outcomes in these women.
27806658	4	15	association	T080	C0439849
27806658	24	32	maternal	T033	C1858460
27806658	33	47	hydronephrosis	T047	C0020295
27806658	52	57	acute	T079	C0205178
27806658	58	68	flank pain	T184	C0016199
27806658	76	85	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27806658	89	100	prospective	T062	C0033522
27806658	101	112	pilot-study	T062	C0031928
27806658	113	121	Maternal	T033	C1858460
27806658	122	136	hydronephrosis	T047	C0020295
27806658	147	157	flank pain	T184	C0016199
27806658	165	174	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27806658	179	184	aimed	T078	C1947946
27806658	188	199	investigate	T169	C1292732
27806658	224	232	maternal	T033	C1858460
27806658	233	247	hydronephrosis	T047	C0020295
27806658	252	262	flank pain	T184	C0016199
27806658	263	272	intensity	T201	C1320357
27806658	297	308	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27806658	309	314	women	T098	C0043210
27806658	320	341	singleton pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27806658	387	392	acute	T079	C0205178
27806658	393	403	flank pain	T184	C0016199
27806658	410	423	prospectively	T062	C0033522
27806658	424	433	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27806658	437	442	renal	T023	C0022646
27806658	443	458	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27806658	463	467	pain	T184	C0030193
27806658	468	482	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27806658	486	507	visual analogue scale	T060	C0042815
27806658	527	541	pain intensity	T201	C1320357
27806658	547	552	study	T062	C2603343
27806658	579	590	significant	T078	C0750502
27806658	591	602	correlation	T080	C1707520
27806658	611	625	hydronephrosis	T047	C0020295
27806658	630	640	flank pain	T184	C0016199
27806658	642	657	Spearman's test	T170	C1710141
27806658	674	685	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27806658	686	691	women	T098	C0043210
27806658	697	707	left-sided	T082	C0443246
27806658	717	728	right-sided	T082	C0444532
27806658	740	749	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27806658	758	762	pain	T184	C0030193
27806658	782	786	mean	T081	C0444504
27806658	787	802	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27806658	812	817	women	T098	C0043210
27806658	846	850	pain	T184	C0030193
27806658	867	872	weeks	T079	C0439230
27806658	888	900	consultation	T058	C0009818
27806658	906	910	mean	T081	C0444504
27806658	911	920	VAS score	T201	C1508029
27806658	953	958	women	T098	C0043210
27806658	960	974	hydronephrosis	T047	C0020295
27806658	988	993	renal	T023	C0022646
27806658	1008	1019	correlation	T080	C1707520
27806658	1051	1065	hydronephrosis	T047	C0020295
27806658	1070	1084	pain intensity	T201	C1320357
27806658	1108	1113	Women	T098	C0043210
27806658	1129	1133	mean	T081	C0444504
27806658	1134	1149	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27806658	1164	1169	weeks	T079	C0439230
27806658	1180	1187	infants	T100	C0021270
27806658	1194	1198	mean	T081	C0444504
27806658	1199	1210	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27806658	1228	1242	Hydronephrosis	T047	C0020295
27806658	1255	1262	finding	T033	C0243095
27806658	1269	1283	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27806658	1289	1294	acute	T079	C0205178
27806658	1295	1305	flank pain	T184	C0016199
27806658	1320	1334	hydronephrosis	T047	C0020295
27806658	1351	1365	pain intensity	T201	C1320357
27806658	1372	1377	study	T062	C2603343
27806658	1387	1403	normal pregnancy	T033	C0232989
27806658	1404	1412	outcomes	T033	C0032972
27806658	1422	1427	women	T098	C0043210

27806921|t|Simulating the potential role of media coverage and infected bats in the 2014 Ebola outbreak
27806921|a|Multiple epidemiological models have been developed to model the transmission dynamics of Ebola virus (EBOV) disease in West Africa in 2014 because the severity of the epidemic is commonly overestimated. A compartmental model that incorporates the media impact and the effect of infected bats was constructed and calibrated using data reported until the end of 2014. The final cumulative number of deaths and confirmed cases were estimated to be 1.0921×10(4) (95% CI 9.7706×10(3)-1.2072×10(4)) and 1.5193×10(4) (95% CI 1.3593×10(4)-1.6795×10(4)), respectively. The epidemic was estimated to end on June 2015, which was similar to the data reported by the World Health Organization. A sensitivity analysis indicated that an increase of either the media impact or the number of infectious bats that are captured daily can increase the cumulative number of confirmed cases / deaths. Of the considered epidemiological parameters, only the media coverage can significantly reduce both the peak time and the value of the cumulative confirmed cases / deaths. Thus, we propose 'the cumulative confirmed cases and deaths ' as another media mechanism. In conclusion, the media impact contributed to the control of the 2014 Ebola outbreak, and infectious bats may be a potential source of the epidemic.
27806921	0	10	Simulating	T062	C0679083
27806921	15	24	potential	T080	C3245505
27806921	25	29	role	T077	C1705810
27806921	33	47	media coverage	T057	C0681284
27806921	52	60	infected	T033	C0439663
27806921	61	65	bats	T015	C0008139
27806921	78	83	Ebola	T047	C0282687
27806921	84	92	outbreak	T067	C0012652
27806921	102	117	epidemiological	T169	C1516907
27806921	118	124	models	T075	C0026336
27806921	135	144	developed	T169	C1527148
27806921	158	179	transmission dynamics	T078	C0040722
27806921	183	209	Ebola virus (EBOV) disease	T047	C0282687
27806921	213	224	West Africa	T083	C0001747
27806921	245	253	severity	T080	C0392364
27806921	261	269	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27806921	299	318	compartmental model	T170	C2986731
27806921	341	353	media impact	T080	C4049986
27806921	362	368	effect	T080	C1280500
27806921	372	380	infected	T033	C0439663
27806921	381	385	bats	T015	C0008139
27806921	406	416	calibrated	T081	C0006751
27806921	423	427	data	T078	C1511726
27806921	470	480	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27806921	481	497	number of deaths	T081	C0205848
27806921	502	511	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27806921	512	517	cases	T077	C1706256
27806921	523	532	estimated	T081	C0750572
27806921	557	559	CI	T081	C0009667
27806921	609	611	CI	T081	C0009667
27806921	658	666	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27806921	671	680	estimated	T081	C0750572
27806921	712	719	similar	T080	C2348205
27806921	727	731	data	T078	C1511726
27806921	732	740	reported	T058	C0700287
27806921	748	773	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
27806921	777	797	sensitivity analysis	T062	C0936012
27806921	798	807	indicated	T033	C1444656
27806921	816	824	increase	T169	C0442805
27806921	839	851	media impact	T080	C4049986
27806921	859	865	number	T081	C0237753
27806921	869	879	infectious	T080	C1550587
27806921	880	884	bats	T015	C0008139
27806921	903	908	daily	T079	C0332173
27806921	913	921	increase	T169	C0442805
27806921	926	936	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27806921	937	943	number	T081	C0237753
27806921	947	956	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27806921	957	962	cases	T077	C1706256
27806921	965	971	deaths	T081	C0205848
27806921	991	1017	epidemiological parameters	T169	C1516907
27806921	1028	1042	media coverage	T057	C0681284
27806921	1077	1086	peak time	T033	C3840073
27806921	1095	1100	value	T081	C1522609
27806921	1108	1118	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27806921	1119	1128	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27806921	1129	1134	cases	T077	C1706256
27806921	1137	1143	deaths	T081	C0205848
27806921	1167	1177	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27806921	1178	1187	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27806921	1188	1193	cases	T077	C1706256
27806921	1198	1204	deaths	T081	C0205848
27806921	1218	1223	media	T170	C0009458
27806921	1224	1233	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27806921	1254	1266	media impact	T080	C4049986
27806921	1286	1293	control	T080	C0243148
27806921	1306	1311	Ebola	T047	C0282687
27806921	1312	1320	outbreak	T067	C0012652
27806921	1326	1336	infectious	T080	C1550587
27806921	1337	1341	bats	T015	C0008139
27806921	1351	1360	potential	T080	C3245505
27806921	1361	1367	source	T033	C0449416
27806921	1375	1383	epidemic	T067	C0014499

27807162|t|An Inhibitory Septum to Lateral Hypothalamus Circuit That Suppresses Feeding
27807162|a|Feeding behavior is orchestrated by neural circuits primarily residing in the hypothalamus and hindbrain. However, the relative influence of cognitive and emotional brain circuits to the feeding circuitry in the hypothalamus and hindbrain remains unclear. Here, using the cell-type selectivity of genetic methods, circuit mapping, and behavior assays, we sought to decipher neural circuits emanating from the septal nucleus to the lateral hypothalamus (LH) that contribute to neural regulation of food intake in mice. We found that chemogenetic and optogenetic activation of septal vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT)- containing neurons or their projections in the LH reduced food intake in mice. Consistently, chemogenetic inhibition of septal vGAT neurons increased food intake. Furthermore, we investigated a previously unknown neural circuit originating from septal vGAT neurons to a subset of vGAT neurons in the LH, an area involved in homeostatic and hedonic control of energy states. Collectively, our data reveal an inhibitory septohypothalamic feeding circuit that might serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa. Our results demonstrate that top-down projections from the septum to the hypothalamus control food intake negatively. Given the known role for both of these brain regions in the control of feeding and emotion - related behaviors, these findings reveal previously unknown neural circuitry that is likely implicated in emotional aspects of food intake and provide new insights into the development of therapeutic targets for the treatment of eating disorders.
27807162	3	13	Inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27807162	14	20	Septum	UnknownType	C0814033
27807162	24	44	Lateral Hypothalamus	T029	C0020654
27807162	45	52	Circuit	UnknownType	C0814033
27807162	58	68	Suppresses	T169	C1260953
27807162	69	76	Feeding	T055	C0015745
27807162	77	93	Feeding behavior	T055	C0015745
27807162	97	109	orchestrated	T169	C1300196
27807162	113	128	neural circuits	UnknownType	C0814033
27807162	155	167	hypothalamus	T023	C0020663
27807162	172	181	hindbrain	T023	C0035507
27807162	196	204	relative	T080	C0205345
27807162	205	214	influence	T077	C4054723
27807162	218	227	cognitive	T169	C1516691
27807162	232	241	emotional	T041	C0013987
27807162	242	256	brain circuits	UnknownType	C0682723
27807162	264	271	feeding	T055	C0015745
27807162	272	281	circuitry	UnknownType	C0260041
27807162	289	301	hypothalamus	T023	C0020663
27807162	306	315	hindbrain	T023	C0035507
27807162	324	331	unclear	T033	C3845108
27807162	339	344	using	T169	C1524063
27807162	349	358	cell-type	T170	C0449475
27807162	374	389	genetic methods	T062	C0017395
27807162	391	406	circuit mapping	T060	C0006117
27807162	412	420	behavior	T053	C0004927
27807162	421	427	assays	T059	C0005507
27807162	451	466	neural circuits	UnknownType	C0814033
27807162	486	500	septal nucleus	T023	C0175232
27807162	508	528	lateral hypothalamus	T029	C0020654
27807162	530	532	LH	T029	C0020654
27807162	553	570	neural regulation	T042	C0598959
27807162	574	585	food intake	T040	C0013470
27807162	589	593	mice	T015	C0025929
27807162	609	621	chemogenetic	T169	C0205245
27807162	626	637	optogenetic	T169	C0205245
27807162	638	648	activation	T052	C1879547
27807162	652	658	septal	T082	C0442004
27807162	659	685	vesicular GABA transporter	T116,T123	C1453453
27807162	687	691	vGAT	T116,T123	C1453453
27807162	694	704	containing	T169	C0332256
27807162	705	712	neurons	T025	C0027882
27807162	741	743	LH	T029	C0020654
27807162	744	751	reduced	T080	C0392756
27807162	752	763	food intake	T040	C0013470
27807162	767	771	mice	T015	C0025929
27807162	787	799	chemogenetic	T169	C0205245
27807162	800	810	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27807162	814	820	septal	T082	C0442004
27807162	821	825	vGAT	T116,T123	C1453453
27807162	826	833	neurons	T025	C0027882
27807162	834	843	increased	T081	C0205217
27807162	844	855	food intake	T040	C0013470
27807162	873	885	investigated	T169	C1292732
27807162	899	906	unknown	T080	C0439673
27807162	907	921	neural circuit	UnknownType	C0814033
27807162	922	933	originating	T079	C0439659
27807162	939	945	septal	T082	C0442004
27807162	946	950	vGAT	T116,T123	C1453453
27807162	951	958	neurons	T025	C0027882
27807162	964	970	subset	T185	C1515021
27807162	974	978	vGAT	T116,T123	C1453453
27807162	979	986	neurons	T025	C0027882
27807162	994	996	LH	T029	C0020654
27807162	1001	1005	area	T082	C0205146
27807162	1006	1014	involved	T169	C1314939
27807162	1018	1029	homeostatic	T038	C0019868
27807162	1034	1041	hedonic	T038	C3714634
27807162	1042	1049	control	T080	C0243148
27807162	1053	1066	energy states	T033	C0516979
27807162	1086	1090	data	T078	C1511726
27807162	1091	1097	reveal	T080	C0443289
27807162	1101	1111	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27807162	1112	1129	septohypothalamic	T029	C0005898
27807162	1130	1145	feeding circuit	UnknownType	C0814033
27807162	1168	1179	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27807162	1180	1186	target	T169	C1521840
27807162	1195	1204	treatment	T169	C1522326
27807162	1208	1224	eating disorders	T048	C0013473
27807162	1233	1249	anorexia nervosa	T048	C0003125
27807162	1310	1316	septum	UnknownType	C0814033
27807162	1324	1336	hypothalamus	T023	C0020663
27807162	1337	1344	control	T080	C0243148
27807162	1345	1356	food intake	T040	C0013470
27807162	1357	1367	negatively	T033	C0205160
27807162	1408	1421	brain regions	T029	C1273723
27807162	1429	1436	control	T080	C0243148
27807162	1440	1447	feeding	T055	C0015745
27807162	1452	1459	emotion	T041	C0013987
27807162	1462	1469	related	T169	C1552599
27807162	1470	1479	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27807162	1487	1495	findings	T033	C0243095
27807162	1496	1502	reveal	T080	C0443289
27807162	1514	1521	unknown	T080	C0439673
27807162	1522	1538	neural circuitry	UnknownType	C0260041
27807162	1568	1585	emotional aspects	T078	C0243152
27807162	1589	1600	food intake	T040	C0013470
27807162	1605	1612	provide	T052	C1999230
27807162	1617	1625	insights	T041	C0233820
27807162	1635	1646	development	T169	C1527148
27807162	1650	1661	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27807162	1662	1669	targets	T169	C1521840
27807162	1678	1687	treatment	T169	C1522326
27807162	1691	1707	eating disorders	T048	C0013473

27807521|t|Assessment of isokinetic muscle function in Korea male volleyball athletes
27807521|a|Volleyball players performed numerous repetitions of spike actions, which uses and requires strong and explosive force, and control of the muscles of the shoulder, lower back, and legs. Muscle imbalance is one of the main causes of sport injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess isokinetic muscle functions in male volleyball players. We thus aim to accurately evaluate their muscle functions, and identify the best training strategy to achieve optimal muscle strength balance in future training programs. The participants in this study consisted of 14 male volleyball players. Muscle strength was measured using the isokinetic dynamometer. Muscle strength was evaluated in terms of peak torque and average power, calculated from five repeated measurements at an angular speed of 60°/sec. Three players who were left attackers showed shoulder imbalance, four players showed trunk joint imbalance, nine players had knee joint of extension/flexion imbalance and four players showed left/right imbalance. The results showed that the number of volleyball players with differences between the strength of the bilateral knee muscles, and between the strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps muscles was higher than the number of players with differences between the strength of the shoulder internal and external rotation muscles, and higher than the number of players with differences between the strength of the lower back extension and flexion muscles.
27807521	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27807521	14	40	isokinetic muscle function	T033	C1562476
27807521	44	49	Korea	T083	C0022771
27807521	50	54	male	T032	C0086582
27807521	55	65	volleyball	T056	C1956059
27807521	66	74	athletes	T097	C0238703
27807521	75	85	Volleyball	T056	C1956059
27807521	86	93	players	T097	C0238703
27807521	104	112	numerous	T081	C0439064
27807521	113	124	repetitions	T169	C0205341
27807521	128	141	spike actions	T042	C0920875
27807521	167	173	strong	T080	C0442821
27807521	178	193	explosive force	T042	C0517349
27807521	199	206	control	T169	C2587213
27807521	214	221	muscles	T024	C0026845
27807521	229	237	shoulder	T029	C0037004
27807521	239	249	lower back	T029	C2939142
27807521	255	259	legs	T023	C1140621
27807521	261	277	Muscle imbalance	T033	C0262561
27807521	307	312	sport	T056	C0038039
27807521	313	321	injuries	T037	C0043251
27807521	343	348	study	T062	C2603343
27807521	363	390	isokinetic muscle functions	T033	C1562476
27807521	394	398	male	T032	C0086582
27807521	399	409	volleyball	T056	C1956059
27807521	410	417	players	T097	C0238703
27807521	445	453	evaluate	T169	C1292732
27807521	460	476	muscle functions	T042	C0231484
27807521	500	517	training strategy	T056	C0015259
27807521	529	552	optimal muscle strength	T042	C0517349
27807521	571	588	training programs	T065	C0040607
27807521	594	606	participants	T098	C0679646
27807521	615	620	study	T062	C2603343
27807521	637	641	male	T032	C0086582
27807521	642	652	volleyball	T056	C1956059
27807521	653	660	players	T097	C0238703
27807521	662	677	Muscle strength	T042	C0517349
27807521	682	690	measured	T080	C0444706
27807521	701	723	isokinetic dynamometer	T074	C0180572
27807521	725	740	Muscle strength	T042	C0517349
27807521	767	778	peak torque	T067	C0376590
27807521	791	796	power	T081	C3854080
27807521	828	840	measurements	T169	C0242485
27807521	847	860	angular speed	T081	C0678536
27807521	879	886	players	T097	C0238703
27807521	901	910	attackers	T097	C0238703
27807521	918	926	shoulder	T029	C0037004
27807521	927	936	imbalance	T033	C0262561
27807521	943	950	players	T097	C0238703
27807521	958	969	trunk joint	T030	C0224674
27807521	970	979	imbalance	T033	C0262561
27807521	986	993	players	T097	C0238703
27807521	998	1008	knee joint	T030	C0022745
27807521	1012	1029	extension/flexion	T082	C0444509
27807521	1030	1039	imbalance	T033	C0262561
27807521	1049	1056	players	T097	C0238703
27807521	1064	1074	left/right	T082	C0238767
27807521	1075	1084	imbalance	T033	C0262561
27807521	1090	1097	results	T169	C1274040
27807521	1114	1120	number	T081	C0237753
27807521	1124	1134	volleyball	T056	C1956059
27807521	1135	1142	players	T097	C0238703
27807521	1172	1180	strength	T042	C0517349
27807521	1188	1202	bilateral knee	T030	C0582801
27807521	1203	1210	muscles	T024	C0026845
27807521	1228	1236	strength	T042	C0517349
27807521	1244	1254	hamstrings	T023	C0584895
27807521	1259	1277	quadriceps muscles	T023	C0224440
27807521	1308	1315	players	T097	C0238703
27807521	1345	1353	strength	T042	C0517349
27807521	1361	1369	shoulder	T029	C0037004
27807521	1370	1400	internal and external rotation	T082	C0442222
27807521	1401	1408	muscles	T024	C0026845
27807521	1440	1447	players	T097	C0238703
27807521	1477	1485	strength	T042	C0517349
27807521	1493	1503	lower back	T029	C2939142
27807521	1504	1525	extension and flexion	T082	C0444509
27807521	1526	1533	muscles	T024	C0026845

27807796|t|Human Umbilical Cord Blood - Derived Neural Stem Cell Line as a Screening Model for Toxicity
27807796|a|The aim was to investigate whether a human neural stem cell (NSC) line derived from human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) can be used for toxicity study. Toxicity of both neurotoxic environmental xenobiotics, methyl mercury chloride (CH3HgCl), lead acetate (CH3COOPb), and chlorpyrifos (CP), and non-neurotoxic insecticide, dichlorvos, as well as non-neurotoxic drugs, theophylline and acetaminophen were assessed. Additionally, differentiation of neuronal and glial cell lines derived from hUCB was elucidated. It was observed that CH3HgCl was more toxic to human NSCs in comparison to CH3COOPb and CP. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value against NSCs was 3, 10, and 300 mg/L, in each staining process, acridine orange / ethidium bromide (AO / EB) staining, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and Hoechst staining, for CH3HgCl, CP, and CH3COOPb, respectively. CH3HgCl had the LC25 value as 10.0, 14.4, and 12.7 mg/L, by staining method mentioned in succession. CP had the LC25 value as 21.9, 23.7, and 18.4 mg/L; similarly, CH3COOPb had LC25 values, successively as 616.9, 719.2, and 890.3 mg/L. LC50 values ranged from 18.2 to 21.7 mg/L for CH3HgCl, 56.4 to 60.2 mg/L for CP, and 1000 to 1460.1 for CH3COOPb. Theophylline, acetaminophen, and dichlorvos had no impact on the viability of NSCs. This work justified that hUCB - NSC model can be used for toxicity study.
27807796	0	5	Human	T016	C0086418
27807796	6	26	Umbilical Cord Blood	T031	C0162371
27807796	29	36	Derived	T078	C1550535
27807796	37	58	Neural Stem Cell Line	T025	C0007600
27807796	64	73	Screening	T058	C0220908
27807796	74	79	Model	T075	C0026339
27807796	84	92	Toxicity	T037	C0600688
27807796	97	100	aim	T078	C1947946
27807796	108	119	investigate	T169	C1292732
27807796	130	135	human	T016	C0086418
27807796	136	152	neural stem cell	T025	C1113654
27807796	154	157	NSC	T025	C1113654
27807796	159	163	line	T025	C0007600
27807796	164	171	derived	T078	C1550535
27807796	177	182	human	T016	C0086418
27807796	183	203	umbilical cord blood	T031	C0162371
27807796	205	209	hUCB	T031	C0162371
27807796	227	235	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27807796	236	241	study	T062	C2603343
27807796	243	251	Toxicity	T037	C0600688
27807796	260	270	neurotoxic	T131	C0260049
27807796	271	284	environmental	T082	C0014406
27807796	285	296	xenobiotics	T123,T131	C0043335
27807796	298	321	methyl mercury chloride	T109,T130	C0066402
27807796	323	330	CH3HgCl	T109,T130	C0066402
27807796	333	345	lead acetate	T121,T130,T197	C0064711
27807796	347	355	CH3COOPb	T121,T130,T197	C0064711
27807796	362	374	chlorpyrifos	T109,T131	C0013328
27807796	376	378	CP	T109,T131	C0013328
27807796	385	399	non-neurotoxic	T033	C0243095
27807796	400	411	insecticide	T131	C0021576
27807796	413	423	dichlorvos	T109,T131	C0012087
27807796	436	450	non-neurotoxic	T033	C0243095
27807796	451	456	drugs	T121	C1254351
27807796	458	470	theophylline	T109,T121	C0039771
27807796	475	488	acetaminophen	T109,T121	C0000970
27807796	494	502	assessed	T052	C1516048
27807796	518	533	differentiation	T169	C2945687
27807796	537	545	neuronal	T129	C0521390
27807796	550	566	glial cell lines	T025	C0027836
27807796	567	574	derived	T078	C1550535
27807796	580	584	hUCB	T031	C0162371
27807796	608	616	observed	T169	C1441672
27807796	622	629	CH3HgCl	T109,T130	C0066402
27807796	639	644	toxic	T080	C1407029
27807796	648	653	human	T016	C0086418
27807796	654	658	NSCs	T025	C0007600
27807796	662	672	comparison	T052	C1707455
27807796	676	684	CH3COOPb	T121,T130,T197	C0064711
27807796	689	691	CP	T109,T131	C0013328
27807796	697	741	minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value	T034	C1304747
27807796	750	754	NSCs	T025	C0007600
27807796	788	804	staining process	T059	C0487602
27807796	806	821	acridine orange	T109,T130	C0001185
27807796	824	840	ethidium bromide	T109,T121	C0019873
27807796	842	844	AO	T109,T130	C0001185
27807796	847	849	EB	T109,T121	C0019873
27807796	851	859	staining	T059	C0487602
27807796	861	921	3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide	T109,T121	C0094912
27807796	923	926	MTT	T109,T121	C0094912
27807796	928	933	assay	T059	C1510438
27807796	939	955	Hoechst staining	T059	C1441607
27807796	961	968	CH3HgCl	T109,T130	C0066402
27807796	970	972	CP	T109,T131	C0013328
27807796	978	986	CH3COOPb	T121,T130,T197	C0064711
27807796	1002	1009	CH3HgCl	T109,T130	C0066402
27807796	1018	1022	LC25	T081	C0392762
27807796	1023	1028	value	T080	C0042295
27807796	1062	1077	staining method	T059	C0487602
27807796	1103	1105	CP	T109,T131	C0013328
27807796	1114	1118	LC25	T081	C0392762
27807796	1119	1124	value	T080	C0042295
27807796	1166	1174	CH3COOPb	T121,T130,T197	C0064711
27807796	1179	1183	LC25	T081	C0392762
27807796	1184	1190	values	T080	C0042295
27807796	1238	1242	LC50	T081	C1443965
27807796	1243	1249	values	T080	C0042295
27807796	1250	1256	ranged	T081	C1514721
27807796	1284	1291	CH3HgCl	T109,T130	C0066402
27807796	1315	1317	CP	T109,T131	C0013328
27807796	1342	1350	CH3COOPb	T121,T130,T197	C0064711
27807796	1352	1364	Theophylline	T109,T121	C0039771
27807796	1366	1379	acetaminophen	T109,T121	C0000970
27807796	1385	1395	dichlorvos	T109,T131	C0012087
27807796	1403	1409	impact	T080	C4049986
27807796	1417	1426	viability	T080	C0443348
27807796	1430	1434	NSCs	T025	C0007600
27807796	1461	1465	hUCB	T031	C0162371
27807796	1468	1471	NSC	T025	C0007600
27807796	1472	1477	model	T075	C0026339
27807796	1494	1502	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27807796	1503	1508	study	T062	C2603343

27808258|t|Significant glial alterations in response to iron loading in a novel organotypic hippocampal slice culture model
27808258|a|Aberrant iron deposition in the brain is associated with neurodegenerative disorders including Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. To study the collective response to iron loading, we have used hippocampal organotypic slices as a platform to develop a novel ex vivo model of iron accumulation. We demonstrated differential uptake and toxicity of iron after 12 h exposure to 10 μM ferrous ammonium sulphate, ferric citrate or ferrocene. Having established the supremacy of ferrocene in this model, the cultures were then loaded with 0.1-100 μM ferrocene for 12 h. One μM ferrocene exposure produced the maximal 1.6-fold increase in iron compared with vehicle. This was accompanied by a 1.4-fold increase in ferritin transcripts and mild toxicity. Using dual-immunohistochemistry, we detected ferritin in oligodendrocytes, microglia, but rarely in astrocytes and never in neurons in iron -loaded slice cultures. Moreover, iron loading led to a 15% loss of olig2 - positive cells and a 16% increase in number and greater activation of microglia compared with vehicle. However, there was no appreciable effect of iron loading on astrocytes. In what we believe is a significant advance on traditional mono- or dual-cultures, our novel ex vivo slice-culture model allows characterization of the collective response of brain cells to iron - loading.
27808258	0	11	Significant	T081	C0237881
27808258	12	17	glial	T025	C0027836
27808258	18	29	alterations	T169	C0392747
27808258	33	41	response	T032	C0871261
27808258	45	49	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27808258	50	57	loading	T081	C3714444
27808258	63	68	novel	T080	C0205314
27808258	69	106	organotypic hippocampal slice culture	T059	C0040284
27808258	81	92	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27808258	107	112	model	T059	C0871511
27808258	113	121	Aberrant	T080	C0443127
27808258	122	126	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27808258	127	137	deposition	T169	C0333562
27808258	145	150	brain	T023	C0006104
27808258	154	169	associated with	T080	C0332281
27808258	170	197	neurodegenerative disorders	T047	C0524851
27808258	208	226	Multiple Sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27808258	228	247	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27808258	252	271	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27808258	297	305	response	T032	C0871261
27808258	309	313	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27808258	314	321	loading	T081	C3714444
27808258	336	347	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27808258	348	366	organotypic slices	T024	C0040300
27808258	394	399	novel	T080	C0205314
27808258	400	407	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27808258	408	413	model	T062	C0870071
27808258	417	421	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27808258	422	434	accumulation	T169	C0333562
27808258	452	464	differential	T080	C1705242
27808258	465	471	uptake	T043	C3888108
27808258	476	484	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27808258	488	492	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27808258	504	515	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27808258	522	547	ferrous ammonium sulphate	T121,T197	C0051716
27808258	549	563	ferric citrate	T121,T197	C0060231
27808258	567	576	ferrocene	T109,T130	C0060264
27808258	585	596	established	T080	C0443211
27808258	614	623	ferrocene	T109,T130	C0060264
27808258	632	637	model	T062	C0870071
27808258	643	651	cultures	T059	C0040284
27808258	662	668	loaded	T081	C0392762
27808258	685	694	ferrocene	T109,T130	C0060264
27808258	712	721	ferrocene	T109,T130	C0060264
27808258	722	730	exposure	T080	C0332157
27808258	744	751	maximal	T080	C0205289
27808258	761	769	increase	T169	C0442805
27808258	773	777	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27808258	778	786	compared	T052	C1707455
27808258	792	799	vehicle	T096	C0009932
27808258	836	844	increase	T169	C0442805
27808258	848	856	ferritin	T116,T121,T123	C0015879
27808258	857	868	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27808258	873	877	mild	T080	C2945599
27808258	878	886	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27808258	888	893	Using	T169	C1524063
27808258	894	919	dual-immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27808258	924	932	detected	T033	C0442726
27808258	933	941	ferritin	T116,T121,T123	C0015879
27808258	945	961	oligodendrocytes	T025	C0028944
27808258	963	972	microglia	T025	C0206116
27808258	978	984	rarely	T080	C0522498
27808258	988	998	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27808258	1003	1008	never	T033	C4036128
27808258	1012	1019	neurons	T025	C0027882
27808258	1023	1027	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27808258	1036	1050	slice cultures	T059	C0040284
27808258	1062	1066	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27808258	1067	1074	loading	T081	C3714444
27808258	1088	1092	loss	T081	C1517945
27808258	1096	1101	olig2	T116,T123	C0912988
27808258	1104	1118	positive cells	T025	C0007634
27808258	1129	1137	increase	T169	C0442805
27808258	1141	1147	number	T081	C0237753
27808258	1152	1159	greater	T081	C1704243
27808258	1160	1170	activation	T043	C1326120
27808258	1174	1183	microglia	T025	C0206116
27808258	1184	1192	compared	T052	C1707455
27808258	1198	1205	vehicle	T096	C0009932
27808258	1226	1247	no appreciable effect	T080	C1301751
27808258	1251	1255	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27808258	1256	1263	loading	T081	C3714444
27808258	1267	1277	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27808258	1315	1322	advance	T079	C3854260
27808258	1338	1360	mono- or dual-cultures	T059	C0040284
27808258	1366	1371	novel	T080	C0205314
27808258	1372	1379	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27808258	1380	1393	slice-culture	T059	C0040284
27808258	1394	1399	model	T059	C0871511
27808258	1407	1423	characterization	T052	C1880022
27808258	1442	1450	response	T032	C0871261
27808258	1454	1465	brain cells	T025	C0596208
27808258	1469	1473	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27808258	1476	1483	loading	T081	C3714444

27809644|t|Clinical features associated with increased severity of illness in tertiary clinic referred patients with obsessive compulsive disorder
27809644|a|Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a prevalent and disabling condition. Specific patterns of psychiatric comorbidity, early age at onset, long duration of illness (DI) and untreated illness (DUI) have been associated with poor outcome in OCD. The present study was aimed to explore sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with increased severity of illness in a sample of OCD patients. A total of 124 OCD outpatients were recruited and divided into two groups on the basis of their severity of illness, as assessed through the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (>24). Chi-squared test and t-test for independent samples were performed to compare sociodemographic and clinical variables between the two groups. The group with increased severity of illness had a younger age, an earlier age at onset and age at first pharmacological treatment (p?<?.05). In addition, the same group showed a longer DI but a shorter DUI (p?<?.01). Moreover, significantly higher rates of psychiatric comorbidities (p?<?.01) were observed in the higher severity group. Earlier age, age at onset and age at first pharmacological treatment, longer DI, shorter DUI and higher rate of psychiatric comorbidities were associated with increased severity of OCD. Further studies on larger samples are warranted to confirm the reported results.
27809644	0	17	Clinical features	T201	C0683325
27809644	18	33	associated with	T080	C0332281
27809644	34	43	increased	T081	C0205217
27809644	44	52	severity	T080	C0439793
27809644	56	63	illness	T184	C0221423
27809644	67	82	tertiary clinic	T073,T093	C0337954
27809644	92	100	patients	T101	C0030705
27809644	106	135	obsessive compulsive disorder	T048	C0028768
27809644	136	165	Obsessive-compulsive disorder	T048	C0028768
27809644	167	170	OCD	T048	C0028768
27809644	177	186	prevalent	T081	C0033105
27809644	191	210	disabling condition	T033	C4061999
27809644	221	229	patterns	T082	C0449774
27809644	233	244	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
27809644	245	256	comorbidity	T033	C1275743
27809644	258	276	early age at onset	T033	C1835401
27809644	278	282	long	T080	C0205166
27809644	283	302	duration of illness	T079	C3176590
27809644	304	306	DI	T079	C3176590
27809644	312	329	untreated illness	T184	C0221423
27809644	331	334	DUI	T184	C0221423
27809644	346	361	associated with	T080	C0332281
27809644	362	374	poor outcome	T033	C3806166
27809644	378	381	OCD	T048	C0028768
27809644	395	400	study	T062	C2603343
27809644	405	410	aimed	T078	C1947946
27809644	422	438	sociodemographic	T102	C0683970
27809644	443	467	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27809644	468	483	associated with	T080	C0332281
27809644	484	493	increased	T081	C0205217
27809644	494	502	severity	T080	C0439793
27809644	506	513	illness	T184	C0221423
27809644	519	525	sample	T167	C0370003
27809644	529	532	OCD	T048	C0028768
27809644	533	541	patients	T101	C0030705
27809644	545	550	total	T080	C0439810
27809644	558	561	OCD	T048	C0028768
27809644	562	573	outpatients	T101	C0029921
27809644	593	600	divided	T169	C0332849
27809644	606	609	two	T081	C0205448
27809644	610	616	groups	T101	C0030705
27809644	624	629	basis	T169	C1527178
27809644	639	647	severity	T080	C0439793
27809644	651	658	illness	T184	C0221423
27809644	663	671	assessed	T052	C1516048
27809644	672	679	through	T169	C0332273
27809644	684	721	Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale	UnknownType	C0814231
27809644	729	745	Chi-squared test	T170	C0008041
27809644	750	756	t-test	T170	C0871472
27809644	773	780	samples	T167	C0370003
27809644	786	795	performed	T169	C0884358
27809644	799	806	compare	T052	C1707455
27809644	807	823	sociodemographic	T102	C0683970
27809644	828	846	clinical variables	T201	C0683325
27809644	859	862	two	T081	C0205448
27809644	863	869	groups	T101	C0030705
27809644	875	880	group	T101	C0030705
27809644	886	895	increased	T081	C0205217
27809644	896	904	severity	T080	C0439793
27809644	908	915	illness	T184	C0221423
27809644	922	933	younger age	T081	C0206132
27809644	938	958	earlier age at onset	T081	C0206132
27809644	963	966	age	T032	C0001779
27809644	970	975	first	T081	C0205435
27809644	976	1001	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
27809644	1030	1040	same group	T101	C0030705
27809644	1041	1047	showed	T033	C0243095
27809644	1050	1056	longer	T080	C0205166
27809644	1057	1059	DI	T079	C3176590
27809644	1066	1073	shorter	T081	C1806781
27809644	1074	1077	DUI	T184	C0221423
27809644	1099	1119	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27809644	1120	1125	rates	T081	C1521828
27809644	1129	1140	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
27809644	1141	1154	comorbidities	T033	C1275743
27809644	1170	1178	observed	T169	C1441672
27809644	1186	1192	higher	T080	C0205250
27809644	1193	1201	severity	T080	C0439793
27809644	1202	1207	group	T101	C0030705
27809644	1209	1220	Earlier age	T081	C0392762
27809644	1222	1234	age at onset	T081	C0206132
27809644	1239	1242	age	T032	C0001779
27809644	1246	1251	first	T081	C0205435
27809644	1252	1277	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
27809644	1279	1285	longer	T080	C0205166
27809644	1286	1288	DI	T079	C3176590
27809644	1290	1297	shorter	T081	C1806781
27809644	1298	1301	DUI	T184	C0221423
27809644	1306	1312	higher	T080	C0205250
27809644	1313	1317	rate	T081	C1521828
27809644	1321	1332	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
27809644	1333	1346	comorbidities	T033	C1275743
27809644	1352	1367	associated with	T080	C0332281
27809644	1368	1377	increased	T081	C0205217
27809644	1378	1386	severity	T080	C0439793
27809644	1390	1393	OCD	T048	C0028768
27809644	1403	1410	studies	T062	C2603343
27809644	1421	1428	samples	T167	C0370003
27809644	1446	1453	confirm	T080	C1456348
27809644	1458	1466	reported	T170	C0684224
27809644	1467	1474	results	T169	C1274040

27809747|t|MiR 221 / 222 as new players in tamoxifen resistance
27809747|a|Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. Despite advances in early detection and treatment, it has the second highest mortality rate after lung cancer. Around 85% of breast carcinomas are ER+; thus, antiestrogens like tamoxifen are beneficial. Although, tamoxifen is useful for many patients, plenty of patients respond poorly to initial therapy or recurrence occurs in about 30% of cases, because tamoxifen resistance happens. Drug resistance remains a major clinical obstacle to successful treatment of breast cancer and more than 90% of unsuccessful treatments are because of acquired resistance and MultiDrug Resistance (MDR) is a major contributor. MicroRNAs are members of a novel class of short noncoding RNAs. Besides to their various roles in gene expression, miRNAs are considered as important cancer therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Since 2005, when miRNA deregulation was first reported in breast cancer, more than 1000 reports have been published about miRNAs. Increasing number of studies showed the importance of miRNAs in antiestrogen therapy, especially on tamoxifen; thus, it is not surprising that these tiny molecules are involved in drug resistance. Due to the pivotal role of these known RNA molecules, in this review, we tried to illustrate the importance of the miRNAs as a new player in breast cancer pathogenesis. We have also focused on cancer drug resistance mechanisms highlighting the role of important oncomirs, miR 221 / 222, involved in cell cycle deregulation in breast cancer. The relationship between these oncomiRs with resistance to tamoxifen is also emphasized.
27809747	0	7	MiR 221	T028	C1537859
27809747	10	13	222	T028	C1537860
27809747	32	41	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
27809747	42	52	resistance	T038	C0013203
27809747	53	66	Breast cancer	T191	C0007104
27809747	88	94	cancer	T191	C0006826
27809747	98	103	women	T098	C0043210
27809747	125	140	early detection	T060	C0596473
27809747	145	154	treatment	T061	C0087111
27809747	182	196	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27809747	203	214	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27809747	230	247	breast carcinomas	T191	C0678222
27809747	252	255	ER+	T033	C1971473
27809747	263	276	antiestrogens	T121	C0014930
27809747	282	291	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
27809747	318	327	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
27809747	347	355	patients	T101	C0030705
27809747	367	375	patients	T101	C0030705
27809747	376	390	respond poorly	T033	C1320680
27809747	402	409	therapy	T061	C0087111
27809747	413	423	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27809747	462	471	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
27809747	472	482	resistance	T038	C0013203
27809747	492	507	Drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27809747	524	532	clinical	T080	C0205210
27809747	545	565	successful treatment	T201	C0521982
27809747	569	582	breast cancer	T191	C0007104
27809747	604	627	unsuccessful treatments	T033	C0438286
27809747	643	651	acquired	T080	C0439661
27809747	652	662	resistance	T038	C0013203
27809747	667	687	MultiDrug Resistance	T032	C0242640
27809747	688	693	(MDR)	T032	C0242640
27809747	718	727	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27809747	766	780	noncoding RNAs	T114	C0887909
27809747	816	831	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27809747	833	839	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27809747	868	874	cancer	T191	C0006826
27809747	875	894	therapeutic targets	T104,T120	C1513403
27809747	899	909	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27809747	928	933	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27809747	934	946	deregulation	T052	C1880287
27809747	969	982	breast cancer	T191	C0007104
27809747	999	1006	reports	T170	C0684224
27809747	1033	1039	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27809747	1062	1069	studies	T062	C2603343
27809747	1095	1101	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27809747	1105	1125	antiestrogen therapy	T061	C0854638
27809747	1141	1150	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
27809747	1195	1204	molecules	T167	C0567416
27809747	1221	1236	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27809747	1277	1290	RNA molecules	T114	C0035668
27809747	1353	1359	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27809747	1379	1392	breast cancer	T191	C0007104
27809747	1393	1405	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27809747	1431	1437	cancer	T191	C0006826
27809747	1438	1453	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27809747	1454	1464	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27809747	1500	1508	oncomirs	T114,T123	C1101610
27809747	1510	1517	miR 221	T028	C1537859
27809747	1520	1523	222	T028	C1537860
27809747	1537	1560	cell cycle deregulation	T049	C1516331
27809747	1564	1577	breast cancer	T191	C0007104
27809747	1610	1618	oncomiRs	T114,T123	C1101610
27809747	1624	1634	resistance	T038	C0013203
27809747	1638	1647	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
27809747	1656	1666	emphasized	T080	C3898777

27810033|t|Fracture of the os trigonum: A report of two cases and review of the literature
27810033|a|We report two cases of acute fractures of the os trigonum. The os trigonum fracture related to the first case was sustained following a hyper-plantar flexion injury during a game of soccer. The second case involved a patient who fell from height and also sustained open fractures of the left distal tibia and lateral malleolus as well as the right calcaneus. In both cases, a preliminary diagnosis of a posterior talar process fracture was made from the initial radiographs of the ankle. The correct diagnosis of an os trigonum fracture rather than a fracture of the posterior talar process was only made following further assessment with CT imaging. Given that the course of treatment is largely determined by imaging findings, CT for further imaging evaluation should be performed in cases of suspected acute bony injuries of the posterior ankle, particularly when the limitations of using radiographs for the assessment of such injuries are expected to be encountered.
27810033	0	8	Fracture	T037	C0016658
27810033	16	27	os trigonum	T023	C4282248
27810033	31	37	report	T170	C0007320
27810033	45	50	cases	T077	C1706256
27810033	55	79	review of the literature	T170	C0282441
27810033	83	89	report	T170	C0007320
27810033	94	99	cases	T170	C0007320
27810033	103	108	acute	T079	C0205178
27810033	109	118	fractures	T037	C0016658
27810033	126	137	os trigonum	T023	C4282248
27810033	143	154	os trigonum	T023	C4282248
27810033	155	163	fracture	T037	C0016658
27810033	185	189	case	T077	C1706256
27810033	194	203	sustained	T169	C0443318
27810033	216	237	hyper-plantar flexion	T042	C0231784
27810033	238	244	injury	T037	C0023220
27810033	254	258	game	T056	C0150593
27810033	262	268	soccer	T056	C0037393
27810033	281	285	case	T077	C1706256
27810033	297	304	patient	T101	C0030705
27810033	309	325	fell from height	T067	C1997329
27810033	335	344	sustained	T169	C0443318
27810033	345	359	open fractures	T037	C0016662
27810033	367	384	left distal tibia	T023	C0825759
27810033	389	406	lateral malleolus	T023	C0448227
27810033	422	437	right calcaneus	T023	C0817332
27810033	447	452	cases	T077	C1706256
27810033	456	467	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27810033	468	477	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27810033	483	515	posterior talar process fracture	T037	C2214794
27810033	542	553	radiographs	T060	C1306645
27810033	561	566	ankle	T029	C0003086
27810033	580	589	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27810033	596	607	os trigonum	T023	C4282248
27810033	608	616	fracture	T037	C0016658
27810033	631	670	fracture of the posterior talar process	T037	C2214794
27810033	703	713	assessment	T058	C0220825
27810033	719	729	CT imaging	T060	C0040405
27810033	756	765	treatment	T061	C0087111
27810033	791	798	imaging	T060	C0011923
27810033	809	811	CT	T060	C0040405
27810033	824	831	imaging	T060	C0011923
27810033	832	842	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27810033	866	871	cases	T077	C1706256
27810033	885	890	acute	T079	C0205178
27810033	891	904	bony injuries	T037	C0561852
27810033	912	927	posterior ankle	T029	C0817702
27810033	951	962	limitations	T169	C0449295
27810033	972	983	radiographs	T060	C1306645
27810033	992	1002	assessment	T058	C0220825
27810033	1011	1019	injuries	T037	C0561852
27810033	1039	1050	encountered	T058	C0422301

27810802|t|Body Diffusion Weighted Imaging Using Non-CPMG Fast Spin Echo
27810802|a|SS-FSE is a fast technique that does not suffer from off-resonance distortions to the degree that EPI does. Unlike EPI, SS-FSE is ill-suited to diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) due to the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Geill (CPMG) condition. Non-CPMG phase cycling does accommodate SS-FSE and DWI but places constraints on reconstruction, which are resolved here through parallel imaging. Additionally, improved echo stability can be achieved by using short duration and highly selective DIVERSE radiofrequency pulses. Here, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) comparisons between EPI and nCPMG SS-FSE acquisitions and reconstruction techniques give similar values. Diffusion imaging with nCPMG SS-FSE gives similar SNR to an EPI acquisition, though apparent diffusion coefficient values are higher than seen with EPI. In vivo images have good image quality with little distortion. This method has the ability to capture distortion - free DWI images near areas of significant off-resonance as well as preserve adequate SNR. Parallel imaging and DIVERSE refocusing RF pulses allow shorter ETL compared to previous implementations and thus reduces phase encode direction blur and SAR accumulation.
27810802	0	4	Body	T016	C0242821
27810802	5	31	Diffusion Weighted Imaging	T060	C0598801
27810802	38	61	Non-CPMG Fast Spin Echo	T060	C0079595
27810802	62	68	SS-FSE	T060	C0079595
27810802	74	78	fast	T080	C0456962
27810802	79	88	technique	T060	C0079595
27810802	115	128	off-resonance	T033	C2828093
27810802	129	140	distortions	T080	C2919017
27810802	160	163	EPI	T060	C0162734
27810802	177	180	EPI	T060	C0162734
27810802	182	188	SS-FSE	T060	C0079595
27810802	206	232	diffusion weighted imaging	T060	C0598801
27810802	234	237	DWI	T060	C0598801
27810802	250	293	Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Geill (CPMG) condition	T033	C0243095
27810802	295	303	Non-CPMG	T033	C0243095
27810802	304	309	phase	T079	C0205390
27810802	310	317	cycling	T079	C1511572
27810802	335	341	SS-FSE	T060	C0079595
27810802	346	349	DWI	T060	C0598801
27810802	354	360	places	T082	C0442504
27810802	361	372	constraints	T169	C0443288
27810802	376	390	reconstruction	T169	C0205245
27810802	402	410	resolved	T033	C3714811
27810802	424	440	parallel imaging	T060	C0079595
27810802	456	464	improved	T033	C0184511
27810802	465	479	echo stability	T080	C0205360
27810802	505	519	short duration	T080	C0439593
27810802	541	548	DIVERSE	T080	C1880371
27810802	549	563	radiofrequency	T070	C2347883
27810802	564	570	pulses	T067	C1710082
27810802	578	599	signal-to-noise ratio	T081	C2986823
27810802	601	604	SNR	T081	C2986823
27810802	626	629	EPI	T060	C0162734
27810802	634	639	nCPMG	T033	C0243095
27810802	640	646	SS-FSE	T060	C0079595
27810802	647	659	acquisitions	T066	C1708464
27810802	664	689	reconstruction techniques	T169	C0449851
27810802	695	702	similar	T080	C2348205
27810802	703	709	values	T080	C0042295
27810802	711	728	Diffusion imaging	T060	C0598801
27810802	734	739	nCPMG	T033	C0243095
27810802	740	746	SS-FSE	T060	C0079595
27810802	753	760	similar	T080	C2348205
27810802	761	764	SNR	T081	C2986823
27810802	771	774	EPI	T060	C0162734
27810802	775	786	acquisition	T066	C1708464
27810802	795	825	apparent diffusion coefficient	T077	C3890194
27810802	826	832	values	T080	C0042295
27810802	837	843	higher	T080	C0205250
27810802	859	862	EPI	T060	C0162734
27810802	864	871	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27810802	872	878	images	T170	C1704922
27810802	889	902	image quality	T080	C0806487
27810802	915	925	distortion	T080	C2919017
27810802	966	976	distortion	T080	C2919017
27810802	979	983	free	T169	C0332296
27810802	984	987	DWI	T060	C0598801
27810802	988	994	images	T170	C1704922
27810802	1000	1005	areas	T082	C0205146
27810802	1009	1020	significant	T078	C0750502
27810802	1021	1034	off-resonance	T033	C2828093
27810802	1064	1067	SNR	T081	C2986823
27810802	1069	1085	Parallel imaging	T060	C0079595
27810802	1090	1097	DIVERSE	T080	C1880371
27810802	1109	1111	RF	T070	C2347883
27810802	1112	1118	pulses	T066	C1708464
27810802	1125	1136	shorter ETL	T079	C1254367
27810802	1158	1173	implementations	T052	C1708476
27810802	1183	1190	reduces	T080	C0392756
27810802	1191	1196	phase	T079	C0205390
27810802	1197	1203	encode	T052	C2700640
27810802	1204	1213	direction	T082	C0449738
27810802	1214	1218	blur	T080	C1511231
27810802	1223	1226	SAR	T040	C1155281
27810802	1227	1239	accumulation	T033	C4055506

27811060|t|IL-10 prevents aging - associated inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle
27811060|a|Altered energy balance and insulin resistance are important characteristics of aging. Skeletal muscle is a major site of glucose disposal, and the role of aging - associated inflammation in skeletal muscle insulin resistance remains unclear. To investigate, we examined glucose metabolism in 18-mo-old transgenic mice with muscle - specific overexpression of IL-10 (M(IL10)) and in wild-type mice during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping. Despite similar fat mass and energy balance, M(IL10) mice were protected from aging - associated insulin resistance with significant increases in glucose infusion rates, whole-body glucose turnover, and skeletal muscle glucose uptake (∼60%; P < 0.05), as compared to age -matched WT mice. This protective effect was associated with decreased muscle inflammation, but no changes in adipose tissue inflammation in aging M(IL10) mice. These results demonstrate the importance of skeletal muscle inflammation in aging -mediated insulin resistance, and our findings further implicate a potential therapeutic role of anti-inflammatory cytokine in the treatment of aging -mediated insulin resistance .-Dagdeviren, S., Jung, D. Y., Friedline, R. H., Noh, H. L., Kim, J. H., Patel, P. R., Tsitsilianos, N., Inashima, K., Tran, D. A., Hu, X., Loubato, M. M., Craige, S. M., Kwon, J. Y., Lee, K. W., Kim, J. K. IL-10 prevents aging-associated inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle.
27811060	0	5	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27811060	6	14	prevents	T169	C1292733
27811060	15	20	aging	T040	C0001811
27811060	23	33	associated	T080	C0332281
27811060	34	46	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27811060	51	69	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27811060	73	88	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27811060	89	96	Altered	T169	C0392747
27811060	97	111	energy balance	T040	C0597987
27811060	116	134	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27811060	139	148	important	T080	C3898777
27811060	149	164	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27811060	168	173	aging	T040	C0001811
27811060	175	190	Skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27811060	202	206	site	T029	C1515974
27811060	210	217	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27811060	218	226	disposal	T052	C1707797
27811060	244	249	aging	T040	C0001811
27811060	252	262	associated	T080	C0332281
27811060	263	275	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27811060	279	294	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27811060	295	313	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27811060	334	345	investigate	T169	C1292732
27811060	359	377	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27811060	391	406	transgenic mice	T015	C0025936
27811060	412	418	muscle	T024	C0026845
27811060	421	429	specific	T080	C0205369
27811060	430	444	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27811060	448	453	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27811060	455	462	M(IL10)	T116,T129	C0085295
27811060	471	485	wild-type mice	T015	C1520150
27811060	486	492	during	T079	C0347984
27811060	493	529	hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping	T060,T062	C0017728
27811060	539	546	similar	T080	C2348205
27811060	547	555	fat mass	T032	C3656665
27811060	560	574	energy balance	T040	C0597987
27811060	576	583	M(IL10)	T116,T129	C0085295
27811060	584	588	mice	T015	C0025929
27811060	594	603	protected	T169	C0439844
27811060	609	614	aging	T040	C0001811
27811060	617	627	associated	T080	C0332281
27811060	628	646	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27811060	652	663	significant	T078	C0750502
27811060	664	673	increases	T081	C0205217
27811060	677	684	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27811060	685	699	infusion rates	T079	C2964135
27811060	701	711	whole-body	T017	C0444584
27811060	712	719	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27811060	720	728	turnover	T081	C0392762
27811060	734	749	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27811060	750	764	glucose uptake	T043	C1159527
27811060	786	794	compared	T052	C1707455
27811060	798	801	age	T032	C0001779
27811060	811	818	WT mice	T015	C0025929
27811060	825	842	protective effect	T080	C1280500
27811060	847	862	associated with	T080	C0332281
27811060	863	872	decreased	T081	C0205216
27811060	873	892	muscle inflammation	T047	C0027121
27811060	898	900	no	T033	C1513916
27811060	901	908	changes	T169	C0392747
27811060	912	926	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27811060	927	939	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27811060	943	948	aging	T040	C0001811
27811060	949	956	M(IL10)	T116,T129	C0085295
27811060	957	961	mice	T015	C0025929
27811060	969	976	results	T033	C0683954
27811060	993	1003	importance	T080	C3898777
27811060	1007	1022	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27811060	1023	1035	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27811060	1039	1044	aging	T040	C0001811
27811060	1055	1073	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27811060	1083	1091	findings	T033	C0243095
27811060	1112	1121	potential	T080	C3245505
27811060	1122	1133	therapeutic	T169	C0039798
27811060	1134	1138	role	T077	C1705810
27811060	1142	1159	anti-inflammatory	T121	C0003209
27811060	1160	1168	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27811060	1176	1185	treatment	T061	C0087111
27811060	1189	1194	aging	T040	C0001811
27811060	1205	1223	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655

27811200|t|Alpha-particle fluence in radiobiological experiments
27811200|a|Two methods were proposed for determining alpha-particle fluence for radiobiological experiments. The first involved calculating the probabilities of hitting the target for alpha particles emitted from a source through Monte Carlo simulations, which when multiplied by the activity of the source gave the fluence at the target. The second relied on the number of chemically etched alpha-particle tracks developed on a solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) that was irradiated by an alpha-particle source. The etching efficiencies (defined as percentages of latent tracks created by alpha particles from the source that could develop to become visible tracks upon chemical etching) were computed through Monte Carlo simulations, which when multiplied by the experimentally counted number of visible tracks would also give the fluence at the target. We studied alpha particles with an energy of 5.486 MeV emitted from an 241Am source, and considered the alpha-particle tracks developed on polyallyldiglycol carbonate film, which is a common SSNTD. Our results showed that the etching efficiencies were equal to one for source - film distances of from 0.6 to 3.5 cm for a circular film of radius of 1 cm, and for source - film distances of from 1 to 3 cm for circular film of radius of 2 cm. For circular film with a radius of 3 cm, the etching efficiencies never reached 1. On the other hand, the hit probability decreased monotonically with increase in the source - target distance, and fell to zero when the source - target distance was larger than the particle range in air.
27811200	0	14	Alpha-particle	T070	C0002217
27811200	15	22	fluence	T081	C0392762
27811200	26	41	radiobiological	T091	C0034558
27811200	42	53	experiments	T062	C0681814
27811200	58	65	methods	T170	C0025663
27811200	96	110	alpha-particle	T070	C0002217
27811200	111	118	fluence	T081	C0392762
27811200	123	138	radiobiological	T091	C0034558
27811200	139	150	experiments	T062	C0681814
27811200	187	200	probabilities	T081	C0033204
27811200	216	222	target	T169	C1521840
27811200	227	242	alpha particles	T070	C0002217
27811200	258	264	source	T033	C0449416
27811200	273	296	Monte Carlo simulations	T062	C0679083
27811200	327	335	activity	T052	C0441655
27811200	343	349	source	T033	C0449416
27811200	359	366	fluence	T081	C0392762
27811200	374	380	target	T169	C1521840
27811200	417	434	chemically etched	T067	C1522240
27811200	435	449	alpha-particle	T070	C0002217
27811200	450	456	tracks	T073	C0699733
27811200	472	483	solid-state	T104	C0597486
27811200	484	506	nuclear track detector	T073	C0180392
27811200	508	513	SSNTD	T073	C0180392
27811200	524	534	irradiated	T070	C1282930
27811200	541	555	alpha-particle	T070	C0002217
27811200	556	562	source	T033	C0449416
27811200	568	575	etching	T067	C1522240
27811200	576	588	efficiencies	T081	C0013682
27811200	601	612	percentages	T081	C0439165
27811200	623	629	tracks	T073	C0699733
27811200	641	656	alpha particles	T070	C0002217
27811200	666	672	source	T033	C0449416
27811200	710	716	tracks	T073	C0699733
27811200	722	738	chemical etching	T067	C1522240
27811200	745	753	computed	T059	C1441526
27811200	762	785	Monte Carlo simulations	T062	C0679083
27811200	816	830	experimentally	T080	C1517586
27811200	839	845	number	T081	C0237753
27811200	857	863	tracks	T073	C0699733
27811200	884	891	fluence	T081	C0392762
27811200	899	905	target	T169	C1521840
27811200	918	933	alpha particles	T070	C0002217
27811200	942	948	energy	T081	C1442080
27811200	984	990	source	T033	C0449416
27811200	1011	1025	alpha-particle	T070	C0002217
27811200	1026	1032	tracks	T073	C0699733
27811200	1046	1078	polyallyldiglycol carbonate film	T167	C1561572
27811200	1098	1103	SSNTD	T073	C0180392
27811200	1133	1140	etching	T067	C1522240
27811200	1141	1153	efficiencies	T081	C0013682
27811200	1176	1182	source	T033	C0449416
27811200	1185	1189	film	T167	C1561572
27811200	1190	1199	distances	T081	C0012751
27811200	1228	1236	circular	T082	C1282913
27811200	1237	1241	film	T167	C1561572
27811200	1245	1251	radius	T081	C1306504
27811200	1269	1275	source	T033	C0449416
27811200	1278	1282	film	T167	C1561572
27811200	1283	1292	distances	T081	C0012751
27811200	1315	1323	circular	T082	C1282913
27811200	1324	1328	film	T167	C1561572
27811200	1332	1338	radius	T081	C1306504
27811200	1352	1360	circular	T082	C1282913
27811200	1361	1365	film	T167	C1561572
27811200	1373	1379	radius	T081	C1306504
27811200	1393	1400	etching	T067	C1522240
27811200	1401	1413	efficiencies	T081	C0013682
27811200	1458	1469	probability	T081	C0033204
27811200	1515	1521	source	T033	C0449416
27811200	1524	1530	target	T169	C1521840
27811200	1531	1539	distance	T081	C0012751
27811200	1567	1573	source	T033	C0449416
27811200	1576	1582	target	T169	C1521840
27811200	1583	1591	distance	T081	C0012751
27811200	1612	1620	particle	T104	C0597177
27811200	1621	1626	range	T081	C1514721
27811200	1630	1633	air	T167	C0001861

27811630|t|Comparison of Colorado Microdissection Needle Versus Scalpel Incision for Aesthetic Upper and Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty
27811630|a|Traditionally, eyelid skin incisions with electro-cautery devices have been avoided due to the concerns of aesthetically unacceptable scar formation. The purpose of this study is to compare ecchymosis, cosmesis, and histologic tissue damage of incisions made with a scalpel or Colorado needle in patients undergoing upper and lower aesthetic blepharoplasty. To the best of authors' knowledge, no previous study has been performed before to compare these 2 modalities in aesthetic blepharoplasty surgery. This is a multicenter, prospective, interventional, comparative case series. The study protocol was approved by Institutional Review Board in each institution. Patients underwent bilateral upper and/or transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty with 1 side randomly selected for skin incision with the scalpel, the other side with the Colorado needle. Ecchymosis was evaluated using a 10-point Likert scale and the wounds using a Hollander score. The margins of excised tissues were evaluated histologically. A total of 254 eyelids of 101 patients were included in the study. No significant difference was observed in ecchymosis on postoperative day 1 and 7 and scar cosmesis on day 30 and 180 between the 2 techniques., necrosis was noted only with the Colorado needle sides (p = 0.001). No adverse events occurred on the Colorado needle side at any time after surgery. No clinical difference is noted between Colorado needle and scalpel incisions in terms of ecchymosis and scar cosmesis after aesthetic blepharoplasty.
27811630	23	38	Microdissection	T059	C0598304
27811630	39	45	Needle	T074	C0027551
27811630	53	60	Scalpel	T074	C0392220
27811630	61	69	Incision	T061	C0184898
27811630	74	83	Aesthetic	T080	C2603369
27811630	84	89	Upper	T061	C0197216
27811630	94	121	Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty	T061	C0197214
27811630	137	148	eyelid skin	T023	C0222088
27811630	149	158	incisions	T061	C0184898
27811630	164	187	electro-cautery devices	T074	C0180626
27811630	229	242	aesthetically	T080	C2603369
27811630	256	270	scar formation	T033	C1822291
27811630	292	297	study	T062	C2603343
27811630	304	311	compare	T052	C1707455
27811630	312	322	ecchymosis	T046	C0013491
27811630	324	332	cosmesis	T061	C1318456
27811630	338	348	histologic	T169	C0205462
27811630	349	362	tissue damage	T037	C0010957
27811630	366	375	incisions	T061	C0184898
27811630	388	395	scalpel	T074	C0392220
27811630	399	414	Colorado needle	T074	C0027551
27811630	418	426	patients	T101	C0030705
27811630	438	478	upper and lower aesthetic blepharoplasty	T061	C0395170
27811630	454	463	aesthetic	T080	C2603369
27811630	527	532	study	T062	C2603343
27811630	542	551	performed	T169	C0884358
27811630	562	569	compare	T052	C1707455
27811630	578	588	modalities	T078	C0695347
27811630	592	601	aesthetic	T080	C2603369
27811630	602	616	blepharoplasty	T061	C0197213
27811630	617	624	surgery	T061	C0543467
27811630	636	647	multicenter	T062	C1096776
27811630	649	660	prospective	T062	C0033522
27811630	662	676	interventional	T062	C3274035
27811630	678	701	comparative case series	T062	C0150093
27811630	707	721	study protocol	T170	C2348563
27811630	726	764	approved by Institutional Review Board	T170	C2346499
27811630	773	784	institution	T093	C2607850
27811630	786	794	Patients	T101	C0030705
27811630	805	814	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27811630	815	820	upper	T061	C0197216
27811630	828	842	transcutaneous	T061	C0443325
27811630	843	863	lower blepharoplasty	T061	C0197214
27811630	898	911	skin incision	T061	C0191279
27811630	921	928	scalpel	T074	C0392220
27811630	954	969	Colorado needle	T074	C0027551
27811630	971	981	Ecchymosis	T046	C0013491
27811630	986	995	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27811630	1004	1025	10-point Likert scale	T170	C0451267
27811630	1034	1040	wounds	T037	C0043250
27811630	1049	1064	Hollander score	T170	C0021504
27811630	1070	1077	margins	T023	C0229985
27811630	1081	1096	excised tissues	T024	C0040300
27811630	1102	1111	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27811630	1112	1126	histologically	T169	C0205462
27811630	1143	1150	eyelids	T023	C0015426
27811630	1158	1166	patients	T101	C0030705
27811630	1188	1193	study	T062	C2603343
27811630	1195	1220	No significant difference	T033	C3842396
27811630	1225	1233	observed	T169	C1441672
27811630	1237	1247	ecchymosis	T046	C0013491
27811630	1251	1264	postoperative	T033	C0241311
27811630	1281	1285	scar	T024	C0334150
27811630	1286	1294	cosmesis	T061	C1318456
27811630	1327	1337	techniques	T061	C0010163
27811630	1340	1348	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27811630	1373	1388	Colorado needle	T074	C0027551
27811630	1408	1425	No adverse events	T033	C1963761
27811630	1442	1457	Colorado needle	T074	C0027551
27811630	1481	1488	surgery	T061	C0543467
27811630	1490	1512	No clinical difference	T033	C3842396
27811630	1530	1545	Colorado needle	T074	C0027551
27811630	1550	1557	scalpel	T074	C0392220
27811630	1558	1567	incisions	T061	C0184898
27811630	1580	1590	ecchymosis	T046	C0013491
27811630	1595	1599	scar	T024	C0334150
27811630	1600	1608	cosmesis	T061	C1318456
27811630	1615	1624	aesthetic	T080	C2603369
27811630	1625	1639	blepharoplasty	T061	C0197213

27811711|t|A taxonomic revision of the ground spiders of the genus Apopyllus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)
27811711|a|The American gnaphosid genus Apopyllus Platnick & Shadab is found from southern Mexico to southern Argentina. It can be diagnosed by the complex shape of the RTA, by the membranous tegular extension, the long coiled embolus, the retrolateral incision on the cymbium, the long convoluted copulatory duct extending anteriorly to the copulatory openings and by the presence of paramedian epigynal pockets and of an anterior ridge on the epigynum. The RTA characters are important in species taxonomy but the complex shape and variation of the RTA hampers identification, especially regarding the two most common species: A. suavis (Simon) and A. silvestrii (Simon). In this paper the genus is revised, the genital morphology is described, and homology between its components and those of other genera is discussed. Apopyllus suavis is considered a senior synonym of Apopyllus pauper (Mello-Leitão) and A. iheringi (Mello-Leitão). Four new species are described from Brazil: A. aeolicus, A. atlanticus, A. centralis and A. gandarela.
27811711	2	11	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
27811711	12	20	revision	T079	C0439617
27811711	28	42	ground spiders	T204	C0037913
27811711	50	65	genus Apopyllus	T204	C1493166
27811711	67	74	Araneae	T204	C0037913
27811711	76	87	Gnaphosidae	T204	C1493166
27811711	93	101	American	T098	C0596070
27811711	102	111	gnaphosid	T204	C1493166
27811711	112	145	genus Apopyllus Platnick & Shadab	T204	C1493166
27811711	160	175	southern Mexico	T083	C0017446
27811711	179	197	southern Argentina	T083	C0017446
27811711	209	218	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27811711	226	233	complex	T080	C0439855
27811711	234	239	shape	T082	C0332479
27811711	247	250	RTA	T023	C0229962
27811711	259	287	membranous tegular extension	T023	C0229962
27811711	293	312	long coiled embolus	T023	C0229962
27811711	318	354	retrolateral incision on the cymbium	T023	C0229962
27811711	360	391	long convoluted copulatory duct	T023	C0229962
27811711	402	412	anteriorly	T082	C0205094
27811711	420	439	copulatory openings	T023	C0229962
27811711	451	459	presence	T033	C0150312
27811711	463	490	paramedian epigynal pockets	T023	C0229962
27811711	501	509	anterior	T082	C0205094
27811711	510	515	ridge	T082	C1947915
27811711	523	531	epigynum	T023	C0229962
27811711	537	540	RTA	T023	C0229962
27811711	541	551	characters	T032	C0486537
27811711	569	576	species	T185	C1705920
27811711	577	585	taxonomy	T090	C0087066
27811711	594	601	complex	T080	C0439855
27811711	602	607	shape	T082	C0332479
27811711	612	621	variation	T080	C0205419
27811711	629	632	RTA	T023	C0229962
27811711	641	655	identification	T080	C0205396
27811711	698	705	species	T185	C1705920
27811711	707	716	A. suavis	T204	C0037913
27811711	729	742	A. silvestrii	T204	C0037913
27811711	770	775	genus	T185	C1708235
27811711	792	799	genital	T023	C0017420
27811711	800	810	morphology	T080	C0332437
27811711	829	837	homology	T080	C2697616
27811711	850	860	components	T077	C1705248
27811711	880	886	genera	T185	C1708235
27811711	901	917	Apopyllus suavis	T204	C0037913
27811711	941	948	synonym	T077	C0871468
27811711	952	968	Apopyllus pauper	T204	C0037913
27811711	988	999	A. iheringi	T204	C0037913
27811711	1025	1032	species	T185	C1705920
27811711	1052	1058	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27811711	1060	1071	A. aeolicus	T204	C0037913
27811711	1073	1086	A. atlanticus	T204	C0037913
27811711	1088	1100	A. centralis	T204	C0037913
27811711	1105	1117	A. gandarela	T204	C0037913

27811842|t|Inhibition of MHC-I by Brucella abortus is an early event during infection and involves EGFR pathway
27811842|a|Brucella abortus is able to persist inside the host despite the development of potent CD8(+) T-cell responses. We have recently reported the ability of B. abortus to inhibit the interferon-γ - induced major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I cell surface expression on human monocytes. This phenomenon was due to the B. abortus -mediated retention of MHC-I molecules within the Golgi apparatus and was dependent on bacterial viability. However, the implications of bacterial virulence or replicative capacity and the signaling pathways remained unknown. Here we demonstrated that the B. abortus mutant strains RB51 and virB10(-) are able to inhibit MHC-I expression in the same manner as wild-type B. abortus, even though they are unable to persist inside human monocytes for a long period of time. Consistent with this, the phenomenon was triggered early in time and could be observed at 8 h postinfection. At 24 and 48 h, it was even stronger. Regarding the signaling pathway, targeting epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), ErbB2 (HER2) or inhibition of tumor necrosis factor - α-converting enzyme, one of the enzymes which generates soluble EGF-like ligands, resulted in partial recovery of MHC-I surface expression. Moreover, recombinant EGF and transforming growth factor-α as well as the combination of both were also able to reproduce the B. abortus - induced MHC-I downmodulation. Finally, when infection was performed in the presence of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) inhibitor, MHC-I surface expression was significantly recovered. Overall, these results describe how B. abortus evades CD8(+) T-cell responses early during infection and exploits the EGFR - ERK signaling pathway to escape from the immune system and favor chronicity.
27811842	0	10	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27811842	14	19	MHC-I	T116,T129	C0019629
27811842	23	39	Brucella abortus	T007	C0006304
27811842	46	51	early	T079	C1279919
27811842	52	57	event	T051	C0441471
27811842	58	64	during	T079	C0347984
27811842	65	74	infection	T046	C3714514
27811842	79	87	involves	T169	C1314939
27811842	88	100	EGFR pathway	T044	C1155379
27811842	101	117	Brucella abortus	T007	C0006304
27811842	148	152	host	T001	C1167395
27811842	165	176	development	T169	C1527148
27811842	187	200	CD8(+) T-cell	T025	C0242629
27811842	201	210	responses	T043	C0007613
27811842	253	263	B. abortus	T007	C0006304
27811842	267	274	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27811842	279	291	interferon-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27811842	294	301	induced	T169	C0205263
27811842	302	342	major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I	T116,T129	C0019629
27811842	343	355	cell surface	T026	C0699040
27811842	356	366	expression	T045	C1171362
27811842	370	375	human	T016	C0086418
27811842	376	385	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27811842	392	402	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27811842	407	413	due to	T169	C0678226
27811842	418	428	B. abortus	T007	C0006304
27811842	439	448	retention	T043	C1753315
27811842	452	457	MHC-I	T116,T129	C0019629
27811842	479	494	Golgi apparatus	T026	C0018042
27811842	503	512	dependent	T080	C0851827
27811842	516	535	bacterial viability	T070	C1563772
27811842	566	585	bacterial virulence	T034	C1829683
27811842	589	600	replicative	T080	C1883725
27811842	601	609	capacity	T081	C1516240
27811842	618	636	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27811842	646	653	unknown	T080	C0439673
27811842	685	695	B. abortus	T007	C0006304
27811842	696	710	mutant strains	T001	C1518614
27811842	711	715	RB51	T007	C2316069
27811842	720	729	virB10(-)	T033	C1513916
27811842	742	749	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27811842	750	755	MHC-I	T116,T129	C0019629
27811842	756	766	expression	T045	C1171362
27811842	789	798	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27811842	799	809	B. abortus	T007	C0006304
27811842	832	838	unable	T033	C1299582
27811842	857	862	human	T016	C0086418
27811842	863	872	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27811842	879	898	long period of time	T079	C0040223
27811842	926	936	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27811842	941	950	triggered	T080	C1444748
27811842	951	956	early	T079	C1279919
27811842	960	964	time	T079	C0040223
27811842	978	986	observed	T169	C1441672
27811842	994	1007	postinfection	T046	C0021387
27811842	1037	1045	stronger	T080	C0442821
27811842	1061	1078	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27811842	1080	1089	targeting	T044	C1159372
27811842	1090	1113	epidermal growth factor	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
27811842	1115	1118	EGF	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
27811842	1120	1128	receptor	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27811842	1130	1134	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27811842	1137	1142	ErbB2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27811842	1144	1148	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
27811842	1153	1163	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27811842	1167	1188	tumor necrosis factor	T116,T129	C0041368
27811842	1191	1210	α-converting enzyme	T116,T126	C1569773
27811842	1223	1230	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27811842	1255	1271	EGF-like ligands	T116,T123	C3849998
27811842	1273	1281	resulted	T169	C1274040
27811842	1285	1292	partial	T081	C0728938
27811842	1293	1301	recovery	T052	C0237820
27811842	1305	1310	MHC-I	T116,T129	C0019629
27811842	1311	1318	surface	T026	C0699040
27811842	1319	1329	expression	T045	C1171362
27811842	1341	1356	recombinant EGF	T116	C0034861
27811842	1361	1389	transforming growth factor-α	T116,T123	C0040688
27811842	1405	1416	combination	T080	C0205195
27811842	1443	1452	reproduce	T040	C0035150
27811842	1457	1467	B. abortus	T007	C0006304
27811842	1470	1477	induced	T169	C0205263
27811842	1478	1483	MHC-I	T116,T129	C0019629
27811842	1484	1498	downmodulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27811842	1514	1523	infection	T046	C3714514
27811842	1528	1537	performed	T169	C0884358
27811842	1545	1553	presence	UnknownType	C0332443
27811842	1560	1601	extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2	T116,T126	C0600388
27811842	1603	1609	Erk1/2	T116,T126	C0600388
27811842	1611	1620	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27811842	1622	1627	MHC-I	T116,T129	C0019629
27811842	1628	1635	surface	T026	C0699040
27811842	1636	1646	expression	T045	C1171362
27811842	1651	1664	significantly	T078	C0750502
27811842	1665	1674	recovered	T080	C0521108
27811842	1691	1698	results	T169	C1274040
27811842	1712	1722	B. abortus	T007	C0006304
27811842	1730	1743	CD8(+) T-cell	T025	C0242629
27811842	1744	1753	responses	T043	C0007613
27811842	1754	1759	early	T079	C1279919
27811842	1760	1766	during	T079	C0347984
27811842	1767	1776	infection	T046	C3714514
27811842	1794	1798	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
27811842	1801	1804	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27811842	1805	1822	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27811842	1842	1855	immune system	T022	C0020962
27811842	1866	1876	chronicity	T079	C0547045

27812000|t|Ultra-low activities of a common radioisotope for permission -free tracking of a drosophilid fly in its natural habitat
27812000|a|Knowledge of a species ' ecology, including its movement in time and space, is key for many questions in biology and conservation. While numerous tools for tracking larger animals are available, millimetre-sized insects are averse to standard tracking and labelling procedures. Here, we evaluated the applicability of ultra-low, permission - exempt activities of the metastable isomer of the radionuclide Technetium-99 for labelling and field detection of the mountain fly Drosophila nigrosparsa. We demonstrate that an activity of less than 10 MBq is sufficient to label dozens of flies and detect single individuals using standard radiation protection monitors. The methodology presented here is applicable to many small-sized, low-mobility animals as well as independent from light and weather conditions and visual contact with the target organism.
27812000	0	20	Ultra-low activities	T052	C0441655
27812000	33	45	radioisotope	T196	C0034595
27812000	50	60	permission	T080	C0521104
27812000	67	75	tracking	T082	C0546881
27812000	81	96	drosophilid fly	T204	C0013138
27812000	104	119	natural habitat	T082	C0557745
27812000	135	142	species	T185	C1705920
27812000	145	152	ecology	T090	C0013546
27812000	168	176	movement	T040	C0026649
27812000	180	184	time	T079	C0040223
27812000	189	194	space	T082	C1883067
27812000	225	232	biology	T091	C0005532
27812000	237	249	conservation	T080	C2347858
27812000	266	271	tools	T073	C0336791
27812000	276	284	tracking	T082	C0546881
27812000	292	299	animals	T008	C0003062
27812000	315	339	millimetre-sized insects	T204	C0021585
27812000	363	371	tracking	T082	C0546881
27812000	376	396	labelling procedures	T062	C0022261
27812000	438	447	ultra-low	T052	C0441655
27812000	449	459	permission	T080	C0521104
27812000	462	479	exempt activities	T052	C0441655
27812000	487	504	metastable isomer	T070	C0022203
27812000	512	524	radionuclide	T196	C0034595
27812000	525	538	Technetium-99	T130,T196	C0303612
27812000	543	552	labelling	T062	C0022261
27812000	557	572	field detection	T033	C0243095
27812000	580	588	mountain	T083	C0442533
27812000	589	592	fly	T204	C1704307
27812000	593	615	Drosophila nigrosparsa	T204	C3766101
27812000	640	648	activity	T052	C0441655
27812000	686	691	label	T062	C0022261
27812000	702	707	flies	T204	C0012578
27812000	712	737	detect single individuals	T033	C0243095
27812000	753	773	radiation protection	T061	C0034533
27812000	774	782	monitors	T059	C0034532
27812000	788	799	methodology	T078	C3266812
27812000	837	848	small-sized	T033	C0748864
27812000	850	862	low-mobility	T033	C0243095
27812000	863	870	animals	T008	C0003062
27812000	899	904	light	T070	C0023693
27812000	909	916	weather	T070	C0043085
27812000	917	927	conditions	T080	C0348080
27812000	932	946	visual contact	T033	C0243095
27812000	956	962	target	T169	C1521840
27812000	963	971	organism	T001	C0029235

27812142|t|Neural Correlates of Belief and Emotion Attribution in Schizophrenia
27812142|a|Impaired mental state attribution is a core social cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), this study examined the extent to which the core neural system of mental state attribution is involved in mental state attribution, focusing on belief attribution and emotion attribution. Fifteen schizophrenia outpatients and 14 healthy controls performed two mental state attribution tasks in the scanner. In a Belief Attribution Task, after reading a short vignette, participants were asked infer either the belief of a character (a false belief condition) or a physical state of an affair (a false photograph condition). In an Emotion Attribution Task, participants were asked either to judge whether character(s) in pictures felt unpleasant, pleasant, or neutral emotion (other condition) or to look at pictures that did not have any human characters (view condition). fMRI data were analyzing focusing on a priori regions of interest (ROIs) of the core neural systems of mental state attribution: the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), temporoparietal junction (TPJ) and precuneus. An exploratory whole brain analysis was also performed. Both patients and controls showed greater activation in all four ROIs during the Belief Attribution Task than the Emotion Attribution Task. Patients also showed less activation in the precuneus and left TPJ compared to controls during the Belief Attribution Task. No significant group difference was found during the Emotion Attribution Task in any of ROIs. An exploratory whole brain analysis showed a similar pattern of neural activation s. These findings suggest that while schizophrenia patients rely on the same neural network as controls do when attributing beliefs of others, patients did not show reduced activation in the key regions such as the TPJ. Further, this study did not find evidence for aberrant neural activation during emotion attribution or recruitment of compensatory brain regions in schizophrenia.
27812142	0	6	Neural	T169	C3714606
27812142	7	17	Correlates	T080	C1707520
27812142	21	27	Belief	T078	C0004951
27812142	32	39	Emotion	T041	C0013987
27812142	40	51	Attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	55	68	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27812142	69	77	Impaired	T169	C0221099
27812142	78	90	mental state	T033	C0278060
27812142	91	102	attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	108	112	core	T082	C0444669
27812142	120	137	cognitive deficit	T048	C0009241
27812142	141	154	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27812142	161	198	functional magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0376335
27812142	200	204	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27812142	212	217	study	T062	C2603343
27812142	218	226	examined	T033	C0332128
27812142	231	237	extent	T082	C0439792
27812142	251	255	core	T082	C0444669
27812142	256	262	neural	T169	C3714606
27812142	263	269	system	T169	C0449913
27812142	273	285	mental state	T033	C0278060
27812142	286	297	attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	301	309	involved	T169	C1314939
27812142	313	325	mental state	T033	C0278060
27812142	326	337	attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	351	357	belief	T078	C0004951
27812142	358	369	attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	374	381	emotion	T041	C0013987
27812142	382	393	attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	403	416	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27812142	417	428	outpatients	T101	C0029921
27812142	436	443	healthy	T080	C3898900
27812142	444	452	controls	T096	C0009932
27812142	453	462	performed	T169	C0884358
27812142	467	479	mental state	T033	C0278060
27812142	480	491	attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	505	512	scanner	T074	C0183115
27812142	519	525	Belief	T078	C0004951
27812142	526	537	Attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	550	557	reading	T056	C0034754
27812142	576	588	participants	T098	C0679646
27812142	617	623	belief	T078	C0004951
27812142	642	647	false	T080	C0205237
27812142	648	654	belief	T078	C0004951
27812142	655	664	condition	T080	C0348080
27812142	671	685	physical state	T080	C0597240
27812142	702	707	false	T080	C0205237
27812142	708	718	photograph	T073	C0441468
27812142	719	728	condition	T080	C0348080
27812142	737	744	Emotion	T041	C0013987
27812142	745	756	Attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	763	775	participants	T098	C0679646
27812142	797	802	judge	T041	C0022423
27812142	827	835	pictures	UnknownType	C0260129
27812142	853	861	pleasant	T041	C2987187
27812142	866	873	neutral	T080	C0205307
27812142	874	881	emotion	T041	C0013987
27812142	889	898	condition	T080	C0348080
27812142	914	922	pictures	UnknownType	C0260129
27812142	945	950	human	T016	C0086418
27812142	963	967	view	T082	C0449911
27812142	968	977	condition	T080	C0348080
27812142	980	984	fMRI	T060	C0376335
27812142	985	989	data	T078	C1511726
27812142	995	1004	analyzing	T062	C0936012
27812142	1026	1045	regions of interest	T082	C2827628
27812142	1047	1051	ROIs	T082	C2827628
27812142	1060	1064	core	T082	C0444669
27812142	1065	1071	neural	T169	C3714606
27812142	1072	1079	systems	T169	C0449913
27812142	1083	1095	mental state	T033	C0278060
27812142	1096	1107	attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	1113	1137	medial prefrontal cortex	T023	C3853912
27812142	1139	1143	mPFC	T023	C3853912
27812142	1146	1170	temporoparietal junction	T029	C1267728
27812142	1172	1175	TPJ	T029	C1267728
27812142	1181	1190	precuneus	T023	C1281018
27812142	1213	1218	brain	T023	C0006104
27812142	1219	1227	analysis	T062	C0936012
27812142	1237	1246	performed	T169	C0884358
27812142	1253	1261	patients	T101	C0030705
27812142	1253	1261	patients	T101	C0030705
27812142	1266	1274	controls	T096	C0009932
27812142	1290	1300	activation	T052	C1879547
27812142	1313	1317	ROIs	T082	C2827628
27812142	1329	1335	Belief	T078	C0004951
27812142	1336	1347	Attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	1362	1369	Emotion	T041	C0013987
27812142	1370	1381	Attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	1388	1396	Patients	T101	C0030705
27812142	1414	1424	activation	T052	C1879547
27812142	1432	1441	precuneus	T023	C1281018
27812142	1451	1454	TPJ	T029	C1267728
27812142	1467	1475	controls	T096	C0009932
27812142	1487	1493	Belief	T078	C0004951
27812142	1494	1505	Attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	1515	1526	significant	T078	C0750502
27812142	1527	1532	group	T078	C0441833
27812142	1565	1572	Emotion	T041	C0013987
27812142	1573	1584	Attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	1600	1604	ROIs	T082	C2827628
27812142	1627	1632	brain	T023	C0006104
27812142	1633	1641	analysis	T062	C0936012
27812142	1659	1666	pattern	T082	C0449774
27812142	1670	1676	neural	T169	C3714606
27812142	1677	1687	activation	T052	C1879547
27812142	1697	1705	findings	T033	C0243095
27812142	1725	1738	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27812142	1739	1747	patients	T101	C0030705
27812142	1765	1779	neural network	T040	C0598941
27812142	1783	1791	controls	T096	C0009932
27812142	1812	1819	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27812142	1831	1839	patients	T101	C0030705
27812142	1861	1871	activation	T052	C1879547
27812142	1883	1890	regions	T029	C0005898
27812142	1903	1906	TPJ	T029	C1267728
27812142	1922	1927	study	T062	C2603343
27812142	1963	1969	neural	T169	C3714606
27812142	1970	1980	activation	T052	C1879547
27812142	1988	1995	emotion	T041	C0013987
27812142	1996	2007	attribution	T041	C0596130
27812142	2039	2044	brain	T023	C0006104
27812142	2045	2052	regions	T029	C0005898
27812142	2056	2069	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341

27812347|t|T2-Imaging Changes in the Nigrosome-1 Relate to Clinical Measures of Parkinson's Disease
27812347|a|The nigrosome-1 region of the substantia nigra (SN) undergoes the greatest and earliest dopaminergic neuron loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). As T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans are often collected with routine clinical MRI protocols, this investigation aims to determine whether T2-imaging changes in the nigrosome-1 are related to clinical measures of PD and to assess their potential as a more clinically accessible biomarker for PD. Voxel intensity ratios were calculated for T2-weighted MRI scans from 47 subjects from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database. Three approaches were used to delineate the SN and nigrosome-1: (1) manual segmentation, (2) automated segmentation, and (3) area voxel -based morphometry. Voxel intensity ratios were calculated from voxel intensity values taken from the nigrosome-1 and two areas of the remaining SN. Linear regression analyses were conducted relating voxel intensity ratios with the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) sub-scores for each subject. For manual segmentation, linear regression tests consistently identified the voxel intensity ratio derived from the dorsolateral SN and nigrosome-1 (IR2) as predictive of nBehav (p = 0.0377) and nExp (p = 0.03856). For automated segmentation, linear regression tests identified IR2 as predictive of Subscore IA (nBehav) (p = 0.01134), Subscore IB (nExp) (p = 0.00336), Score II (mExp) (p = 0.02125), and Score III (mSign) (p = 0.008139). For the voxel -based morphometric approach, univariate simple linear regression analysis identified IR2 as yielding significant results for nBehav (p = 0.003102), mExp (p = 0.0172), and mSign (p = 0.00393). Neuroimaging biomarkers may be used as a proxy of changes in the nigrosome-1, measured by MDS-UPDRS scores as an indicator of the severity of PD. The voxel intensity ratio derived from the dorsolateral SN and nigrosome-1 was consistently predictive of non-motor complex behaviors in all three analyses and predictive of non-motor experiences of daily living, motor experiences of daily living, and motor signs of PD in two of the three analyses. These results suggest that T2 changes in the nigrosome-1 may relate to certain clinical measures of PD. T2 changes in the nigrosome-1 may be considered when developing a more accessible clinical diagnostic tool for patients with suspected PD.
27812347	0	10	T2-Imaging	T060	C0412676
27812347	11	18	Changes	T169	C0392747
27812347	26	37	Nigrosome-1	T025	C1512035
27812347	48	65	Clinical Measures	T201	C0683325
27812347	69	88	Parkinson's Disease	T047	C0030567
27812347	93	104	nigrosome-1	T025	C1512035
27812347	119	135	substantia nigra	T023	C0038590
27812347	137	139	SN	T023	C0038590
27812347	177	201	dopaminergic neuron loss	T033	C3550005
27812347	205	224	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
27812347	226	228	PD	T047	C0030567
27812347	234	284	T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans	T060	C0412676
27812347	318	326	clinical	T080	C0205210
27812347	327	330	MRI	T060	C0024485
27812347	347	360	investigation	T058	C0220825
27812347	387	397	T2-imaging	T060	C0412676
27812347	398	405	changes	T169	C0392747
27812347	413	424	nigrosome-1	T025	C1512035
27812347	440	457	clinical measures	T201	C0683325
27812347	461	463	PD	T047	C0030567
27812347	471	477	assess	T058	C0184514
27812347	484	493	potential	T080	C3245505
27812347	526	535	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27812347	540	542	PD	T047	C0030567
27812347	544	566	Voxel intensity ratios	T081	C0392762
27812347	572	582	calculated	T052	C1441506
27812347	587	608	T2-weighted MRI scans	T060	C0412676
27812347	635	646	Parkinson's	T047	C0030567
27812347	647	666	Progression Markers	T078	C1511983
27812347	678	686	database	T170	C0242356
27812347	732	734	SN	T023	C0038590
27812347	739	750	nigrosome-1	T025	C1512035
27812347	756	762	manual	T169	C0175674
27812347	763	775	segmentation	T059	C0200768
27812347	781	790	automated	T169	C0205554
27812347	791	803	segmentation	T059	C0200768
27812347	818	823	voxel	T077	C2700259
27812347	831	842	morphometry	T059	C0200760
27812347	844	866	Voxel intensity ratios	T081	C0392762
27812347	872	882	calculated	T052	C1441506
27812347	888	910	voxel intensity values	T081	C0392762
27812347	926	937	nigrosome-1	T025	C1512035
27812347	969	971	SN	T023	C0038590
27812347	973	999	Linear regression analyses	T081	C0023733
27812347	1024	1046	voxel intensity ratios	T081	C0392762
27812347	1056	1122	Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale	T170	C3639714
27812347	1124	1133	MDS-UPDRS	T170	C3639714
27812347	1135	1145	sub-scores	T081	C0449820
27812347	1168	1174	manual	T169	C0175674
27812347	1175	1187	segmentation	T059	C0200768
27812347	1189	1206	linear regression	T081	C0023733
27812347	1241	1262	voxel intensity ratio	T081	C0392762
27812347	1280	1292	dorsolateral	T082	C2983598
27812347	1293	1295	SN	T023	C0038590
27812347	1300	1311	nigrosome-1	T025	C1512035
27812347	1335	1341	nBehav	T058	C1160858
27812347	1359	1363	nExp	T033	C0243095
27812347	1383	1392	automated	T169	C0205554
27812347	1393	1405	segmentation	T059	C0200768
27812347	1407	1424	linear regression	T081	C0023733
27812347	1463	1471	Subscore	T081	C0449820
27812347	1476	1482	nBehav	T058	C1160858
27812347	1499	1507	Subscore	T081	C0449820
27812347	1512	1516	nExp	T033	C0243095
27812347	1533	1538	Score	T081	C0449820
27812347	1543	1547	mExp	T040	C0026612
27812347	1568	1573	Score	T081	C0449820
27812347	1579	1584	mSign	T170	C3639714
27812347	1610	1615	voxel	T077	C2700259
27812347	1623	1644	morphometric approach	T059	C0200760
27812347	1646	1690	univariate simple linear regression analysis	T081	C0023733
27812347	1742	1748	nBehav	T058	C1160858
27812347	1765	1769	mExp	T040	C0026612
27812347	1788	1793	mSign	T184	C0037088
27812347	1809	1821	Neuroimaging	T060	C0679575
27812347	1822	1832	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27812347	1859	1866	changes	T169	C0392747
27812347	1874	1885	nigrosome-1	T025	C1512035
27812347	1899	1908	MDS-UPDRS	T170	C3639714
27812347	1922	1931	indicator	T169	C1522602
27812347	1939	1947	severity	T080	C0439793
27812347	1951	1953	PD	T047	C0030567
27812347	1959	1980	voxel intensity ratio	T081	C0392762
27812347	1998	2010	dorsolateral	T082	C2983598
27812347	2011	2013	SN	T023	C0038590
27812347	2018	2029	nigrosome-1	T025	C1512035
27812347	2071	2088	complex behaviors	T033	C0474411
27812347	2154	2166	daily living	T056	C0001288
27812347	2168	2173	motor	T169	C1513492
27812347	2189	2201	daily living	T056	C0001288
27812347	2207	2218	motor signs	T184	C0037088
27812347	2222	2224	PD	T047	C0030567
27812347	2285	2292	changes	T169	C0392747
27812347	2300	2311	nigrosome-1	T025	C1512035
27812347	2334	2351	clinical measures	T201	C0683325
27812347	2355	2357	PD	T047	C0030567
27812347	2362	2369	changes	T169	C0392747
27812347	2377	2388	nigrosome-1	T025	C1512035
27812347	2441	2449	clinical	T080	C0205210
27812347	2450	2465	diagnostic tool	T060	C0430022
27812347	2470	2478	patients	T101	C0030705
27812347	2494	2496	PD	T047	C0030567

27812406|t|Pacing during an ultramarathon running event in hilly terrain
27812406|a|The dynamics of speed selection as a function of distance, or pacing, are used in recreational, competitive, and scientific research situations as an indirect measure of the psycho-physiological status of an individual. The purpose of this study was to determine pacing on level, uphill and downhill sections of participants in a long (>80 km) ultramarathon performed on trails in hilly terrain. Fifteen ultramarathon runners competed in a 173 km event (five finished at 103 km) carrying a Global-Positioning System (GPS) device. Using the GPS data, we determined the speed, relative to average total speed, in level (LEV), uphill (UH) and downhill (DH) gradient categories as a function of total distance, as well as the correlation between overall performance and speed variability, speed loss, and total time stopped. There were no significant differences in normality, variances or means in the relative speed in 173- km and 103- km participants. Relative speed decreased in LEV, UH and DH. The main component of speed loss occurred between 5% and 50% of the event distance in LEV, and between 5% and 95% in UH and DH. There were no significant correlations between overall performance and speed loss, the variability of speed, or total time stopped. Positive pacing was observed at all gradients, with the main component of speed loss occurring earlier (mixed pacing) in LEV compared to UH and DH. A speed reserve (increased speed in the last section) was observed in LEV and UH. The decrease in speed and variability of speed were more important in LEV and DH than in UH. The absence of a significant correlation between overall performance and descriptors of pacing is novel and indicates that pacing in ultramarathons in trails and hilly terrain differs to other types of running events.
27812406	0	6	Pacing	T032	C2009910
27812406	17	44	ultramarathon running event	T051	C0441471
27812406	48	61	hilly terrain	T083	C0017446
27812406	66	74	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27812406	78	83	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	84	93	selection	T052	C1707391
27812406	99	107	function	T169	C0542341
27812406	111	119	distance	T081	C0012751
27812406	124	130	pacing	T032	C2009910
27812406	144	156	recreational	T056	C0034872
27812406	158	169	competitive	T054	C0679932
27812406	175	194	scientific research	T062	C0683933
27812406	212	220	indirect	T080	C0439852
27812406	221	228	measure	T081	C0079809
27812406	236	263	psycho-physiological status	T080	C0018759
27812406	270	280	individual	T098	C0237401
27812406	286	293	purpose	T169	C1285529
27812406	302	307	study	T062	C0681814
27812406	325	331	pacing	T032	C2009910
27812406	335	340	level	T083	C0017446
27812406	342	348	uphill	T083	C0017446
27812406	353	361	downhill	T083	C0017446
27812406	362	370	sections	T083	C3714523
27812406	374	386	participants	T098	C0679646
27812406	392	396	long	T080	C0205166
27812406	402	404	km	T081	C0439198
27812406	406	419	ultramarathon	T051	C0441471
27812406	420	429	performed	T169	C0884358
27812406	433	439	trails	T073	C0040594
27812406	443	456	hilly terrain	T083	C0017446
27812406	466	487	ultramarathon runners	T056	C3825707
27812406	488	496	competed	T054	C0679932
27812406	506	508	km	T081	C0439198
27812406	509	514	event	T051	C0441471
27812406	537	539	km	T081	C0439198
27812406	541	549	carrying	T052	C0206243
27812406	552	590	Global-Positioning System (GPS) device	T073	C2350032
27812406	602	605	GPS	T073	C2350032
27812406	606	610	data	T078	C1511726
27812406	615	625	determined	T080	C0521095
27812406	630	635	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	637	645	relative	T080	C0205345
27812406	649	656	average	T081	C1510992
27812406	657	662	total	T080	C0439810
27812406	663	668	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	673	678	level	T083	C0017446
27812406	680	683	LEV	T083	C0017446
27812406	686	692	uphill	T083	C0017446
27812406	694	696	UH	T083	C0017446
27812406	702	710	downhill	T083	C0017446
27812406	712	714	DH	T083	C0017446
27812406	716	724	gradient	T081	C0812409
27812406	725	735	categories	T170	C0683312
27812406	741	749	function	T169	C0542341
27812406	753	758	total	T080	C0439810
27812406	759	767	distance	T081	C0012751
27812406	784	795	correlation	T080	C1707520
27812406	804	811	overall	T080	C1561607
27812406	812	823	performance	T055	C0597198
27812406	828	833	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	834	845	variability	T077	C2827666
27812406	847	852	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	853	857	loss	T081	C1517945
27812406	863	868	total	T080	C0439810
27812406	869	873	time	T079	C0040223
27812406	874	881	stopped	T080	C1272691
27812406	894	920	no significant differences	T033	C3842396
27812406	924	933	normality	T080	C0949333
27812406	935	944	variances	T080	C1711260
27812406	948	953	means	T081	C0444504
27812406	961	969	relative	T080	C0205345
27812406	970	975	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	984	986	km	T081	C0439198
27812406	996	998	km	T081	C0439198
27812406	999	1011	participants	T098	C0679646
27812406	1013	1021	Relative	T080	C0205345
27812406	1022	1027	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	1028	1037	decreased	T081	C0205216
27812406	1041	1044	LEV	T083	C0017446
27812406	1046	1048	UH	T083	C0017446
27812406	1053	1055	DH	T083	C0017446
27812406	1079	1084	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	1085	1089	loss	T081	C1517945
27812406	1090	1098	occurred	T052	C1709305
27812406	1125	1139	event distance	T081	C0012751
27812406	1143	1146	LEV	T083	C0017446
27812406	1174	1176	UH	T083	C0017446
27812406	1181	1183	DH	T083	C0017446
27812406	1199	1223	significant correlations	T080	C1707520
27812406	1232	1239	overall	T080	C1561607
27812406	1240	1251	performance	T055	C0597198
27812406	1256	1261	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	1262	1266	loss	T081	C1517945
27812406	1272	1283	variability	T077	C2827666
27812406	1287	1292	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	1297	1302	total	T080	C0439810
27812406	1303	1307	time	T079	C0040223
27812406	1308	1315	stopped	T080	C1272691
27812406	1317	1325	Positive	T033	C1446409
27812406	1326	1332	pacing	T032	C2009910
27812406	1337	1345	observed	T169	C1441672
27812406	1353	1362	gradients	T081	C0812409
27812406	1391	1396	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	1397	1401	loss	T081	C1517945
27812406	1402	1411	occurring	T052	C1709305
27812406	1412	1419	earlier	T079	C1279919
27812406	1427	1433	pacing	T032	C2009910
27812406	1438	1441	LEV	T083	C0017446
27812406	1442	1450	compared	T052	C1707455
27812406	1454	1456	UH	T083	C0017446
27812406	1461	1463	DH	T083	C0017446
27812406	1467	1472	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	1473	1480	reserve	T052	C2347957
27812406	1482	1491	increased	T081	C0205217
27812406	1492	1497	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	1505	1517	last section	T083	C3714523
27812406	1523	1531	observed	T169	C1441672
27812406	1535	1538	LEV	T083	C0017446
27812406	1543	1545	UH	T083	C0017446
27812406	1551	1559	decrease	T081	C0547047
27812406	1563	1568	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	1573	1584	variability	T077	C2827666
27812406	1588	1593	speed	T081	C0678536
27812406	1617	1620	LEV	T083	C0017446
27812406	1625	1627	DH	T083	C0017446
27812406	1636	1638	UH	T083	C0017446
27812406	1644	1651	absence	T169	C0332197
27812406	1657	1680	significant correlation	T080	C1707520
27812406	1689	1696	overall	T080	C1561607
27812406	1697	1708	performance	T055	C0597198
27812406	1713	1724	descriptors	T170	C0282354
27812406	1728	1734	pacing	T032	C2009910
27812406	1738	1743	novel	T080	C0205314
27812406	1763	1769	pacing	T032	C2009910
27812406	1773	1787	ultramarathons	T051	C0441471
27812406	1791	1797	trails	T073	C0040594
27812406	1802	1815	hilly terrain	T083	C0017446
27812406	1827	1832	other	T080	C0205394
27812406	1833	1838	types	T080	C0332307
27812406	1842	1856	running events	T051	C0441471

27812530|t|Modification of Mechanical Properties, Polymerization Temperature, and Handling Time of Polymethylmethacrylate Cement for Enhancing Applicability in Vertebroplasty
27812530|a|Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is a popular bone void filler for vertebroplasty. However, the use of PMMA has some drawbacks, including the material's excessive stiffness, exothermic polymerization, and short handling time. This study aimed to create an ideal modified bone cement to solve the above-mentioned problems. Modified bone cements were prepared by combining PMMA with three different volume fractions of castor oil (5%, 10%, and 15%). The peak polymerization temperatures, times to achieve the peak polymerization temperature, porosities, densities, modulus and maximum compression strengths of standard (without castor oil), and modified cements were investigated following storage at ambient temperature (22°C) or under precooling conditions (3°C). Six specimens were tested in each group of the aforementioned parameters. Increasing castor oil content and precooling treatment effectively decreased the peak polymerization temperatures and increased the duration to achieve the peak polymerization temperature (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the material, including density, modulus, and maximum compression strength, decreased with increasing castor oil content. However, preparation temperature (room temperature versus precooling) had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on these mechanical properties. In conclusion, the addition of castor oil to PMMA followed by precooling created an ideal modified bone cement with a low modulus, low polymerization temperature, and long handling time, enhancing its applicability and safety for vertebroplasty.
27812530	0	12	Modification	T169	C0392747
27812530	16	37	Mechanical Properties	T080	C0871161
27812530	39	53	Polymerization	T067	C0314672
27812530	54	65	Temperature	T081	C0039476
27812530	71	84	Handling Time	T079	C0040223
27812530	88	110	Polymethylmethacrylate	T109,T122	C0005533
27812530	111	117	Cement	T122	C0005934
27812530	132	145	Applicability	T169	C4048755
27812530	149	163	Vertebroplasty	T061	C1303192
27812530	164	186	Polymethylmethacrylate	T109,T122	C0005533
27812530	188	192	PMMA	T109,T122	C0005533
27812530	194	205	bone cement	T122	C0005934
27812530	219	223	bone	T023	C0262950
27812530	224	228	void	T030	C0229984
27812530	229	235	filler	T122	C0005934
27812530	240	254	vertebroplasty	T061	C1303192
27812530	276	280	PMMA	T109,T122	C0005533
27812530	315	325	material's	T122	C0005479
27812530	336	345	stiffness	T080	C0018599
27812530	347	372	exothermic polymerization	T067	C0314672
27812530	378	383	short	T081	C1806781
27812530	384	397	handling time	T079	C0040223
27812530	404	409	study	T062	C2603343
27812530	435	443	modified	T169	C0392747
27812530	444	455	bone cement	T122	C0005934
27812530	485	493	problems	T033	C0033213
27812530	495	503	Modified	T169	C0392747
27812530	504	516	bone cements	T122	C0005934
27812530	522	530	prepared	T052	C1521827
27812530	544	548	PMMA	T109,T122	C0005533
27812530	570	586	volume fractions	T081	C0560268
27812530	590	600	castor oil	T109,T121	C0007343
27812530	625	629	peak	T080	C0444505
27812530	630	644	polymerization	T067	C0314672
27812530	645	657	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27812530	680	684	peak	T080	C0444505
27812530	685	699	polymerization	T067	C0314672
27812530	700	711	temperature	T081	C0039476
27812530	713	723	porosities	T080	C0080037
27812530	725	734	densities	T081	C0178587
27812530	736	743	modulus	T081	C2350289
27812530	748	755	maximum	T081	C0806909
27812530	756	777	compression strengths	T081	C0376507
27812530	781	789	standard	T080	C1442989
27812530	799	809	castor oil	T109,T121	C0007343
27812530	816	824	modified	T169	C0392747
27812530	825	832	cements	T122	C0005934
27812530	838	850	investigated	T169	C1292732
27812530	872	891	ambient temperature	T070	C0428692
27812530	908	918	precooling	T070	C0678568
27812530	919	929	conditions	T080	C0348080
27812530	941	950	specimens	T167	C0370003
27812530	999	1009	parameters	T077	C0549193
27812530	1011	1021	Increasing	T081	C0205217
27812530	1022	1032	castor oil	T109,T121	C0007343
27812530	1045	1055	precooling	T070	C0678568
27812530	1056	1065	treatment	T169	C1522326
27812530	1078	1087	decreased	T081	C0205216
27812530	1092	1096	peak	T080	C0444505
27812530	1097	1111	polymerization	T067	C0314672
27812530	1112	1124	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27812530	1129	1138	increased	T081	C0205217
27812530	1143	1151	duration	T079	C0449238
27812530	1167	1171	peak	T080	C0444505
27812530	1172	1186	polymerization	T067	C0314672
27812530	1187	1198	temperature	T081	C0039476
27812530	1228	1249	mechanical properties	T080	C0871161
27812530	1257	1265	material	T122	C0005479
27812530	1277	1284	density	T081	C0178587
27812530	1286	1293	modulus	T081	C2350289
27812530	1299	1306	maximum	T081	C0806909
27812530	1307	1327	compression strength	T081	C0376507
27812530	1329	1338	decreased	T081	C0205216
27812530	1344	1354	increasing	T081	C0205217
27812530	1355	1365	castor oil	T109,T121	C0007343
27812530	1366	1373	content	T077	C0456205
27812530	1384	1395	preparation	T052	C1521827
27812530	1396	1407	temperature	T081	C0039476
27812530	1409	1425	room temperature	T070	C0428692
27812530	1433	1443	precooling	T070	C0678568
27812530	1491	1512	mechanical properties	T080	C0871161
27812530	1545	1555	castor oil	T109,T121	C0007343
27812530	1559	1563	PMMA	T109,T122	C0005533
27812530	1576	1586	precooling	T070	C0678568
27812530	1604	1612	modified	T169	C0392747
27812530	1613	1624	bone cement	T122	C0005934
27812530	1636	1643	modulus	T081	C2350289
27812530	1649	1663	polymerization	T067	C0314672
27812530	1664	1675	temperature	T081	C0039476
27812530	1686	1699	handling time	T079	C0040223
27812530	1715	1728	applicability	T169	C4048755
27812530	1733	1739	safety	T068	C0036043
27812530	1744	1758	vertebroplasty	T061	C1303192

27812531|t|Cell Electrical Impedance as a Novel Approach for Studies on Senescence Not Based on Biomarkers
27812531|a|Senescence of cardiac myocytes is frequently associated with heart diseases. To analyze senescence in cardiac myocytes, a number of biomarkers have been isolated. However, due to the complex nature of senescence, multiple markers are required for a single assay to accurately depict complex physiological changes associated with senescence. In single cells, changes in both cytoplasm and cell membrane during senescence can affect the changes in electrical impedance. Based on this phenomenon, we developed MEDoS, a novel microelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy for diagnosis of senescence, which allows us to precisely measure quantitative changes in electrical properties of agingf cells. Using cardiac myocytes isolated from 3-, 6-, and 18-month-old isogenic zebrafish, we examined the efficacy of MEDoS and showed that MEDoS can identify discernible changes in electrical impedance. Taken together, our data demonstrated that electrical impedance in cells at different ages is distinct with quantitative values; these results were comparable with previously reported ones. Therefore, we propose that MEDoS be used as a new biomarker - independent methodology to obtain quantitative data on the biological senescence status of individual cells.
27812531	0	4	Cell	T025	C0007634
27812531	5	25	Electrical Impedance	T039	C0162537
27812531	31	36	Novel	T080	C0205314
27812531	37	45	Approach	T082	C0449445
27812531	50	57	Studies	T062	C2603343
27812531	61	71	Senescence	T043	C2265405
27812531	85	95	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27812531	96	106	Senescence	T043	C2265405
27812531	110	126	cardiac myocytes	T025	C0225828
27812531	130	140	frequently	T079	C0332183
27812531	141	156	associated with	T080	C0332281
27812531	157	171	heart diseases	T047	C0018799
27812531	176	183	analyze	T062	C0936012
27812531	184	194	senescence	T043	C2265405
27812531	198	214	cardiac myocytes	T025	C0225828
27812531	228	238	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27812531	249	257	isolated	T169	C0205409
27812531	279	286	complex	T080	C0439855
27812531	297	307	senescence	T043	C2265405
27812531	309	325	multiple markers	T201	C0005516
27812531	330	338	required	T169	C1514873
27812531	352	357	assay	T059	C1510438
27812531	361	371	accurately	T080	C0443131
27812531	379	386	complex	T080	C0439855
27812531	387	400	physiological	T169	C0205463
27812531	401	408	changes	T169	C0392747
27812531	409	424	associated with	T080	C0332281
27812531	425	435	senescence	T043	C2265405
27812531	447	452	cells	T025	C0007634
27812531	454	461	changes	T169	C0392747
27812531	470	479	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27812531	484	497	cell membrane	T026	C0007603
27812531	505	515	senescence	T043	C2265405
27812531	531	538	changes	T169	C0392747
27812531	542	562	electrical impedance	T039	C0162537
27812531	578	588	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
27812531	603	608	MEDoS	T059	C2936361
27812531	612	617	novel	T080	C0205314
27812531	618	661	microelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy	T059	C2936361
27812531	666	675	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27812531	679	689	senescence	T043	C2265405
27812531	720	727	measure	T081	C0079809
27812531	728	740	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27812531	741	748	changes	T169	C0392747
27812531	752	773	electrical properties	T081	C0596484
27812531	777	789	agingf cells	T043	C0007581
27812531	797	813	cardiac myocytes	T025	C0225828
27812531	814	822	isolated	T169	C0205409
27812531	853	861	isogenic	T080	C2348628
27812531	862	871	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27812531	876	884	examined	T033	C0332128
27812531	889	897	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27812531	901	906	MEDoS	T059	C2936361
27812531	923	928	MEDoS	T059	C2936361
27812531	942	953	discernible	T080	C0205396
27812531	954	961	changes	T169	C0392747
27812531	965	985	electrical impedance	T039	C0162537
27812531	1007	1011	data	T078	C1511726
27812531	1030	1050	electrical impedance	T039	C0162537
27812531	1054	1059	cells	T025	C0007634
27812531	1073	1077	ages	T079	C0178537
27812531	1095	1114	quantitative values	T081	C0392762
27812531	1122	1129	results	T034	C0456984
27812531	1204	1209	MEDoS	T059	C2936361
27812531	1223	1226	new	T080	C0205314
27812531	1227	1236	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27812531	1239	1250	independent	T078	C0085862
27812531	1251	1262	methodology	T078	C3266812
27812531	1266	1272	obtain	T169	C1301820
27812531	1273	1285	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27812531	1286	1290	data	T078	C1511726
27812531	1298	1308	biological	T080	C0205460
27812531	1309	1319	senescence	T043	C2265405
27812531	1341	1346	cells	T025	C0007634

27812586|t|Large-scale synthesis and structural analysis of a synthetic glycopeptide dendrimer as an anti-cancer vaccine candidate
27812586|a|Herein, we report a new process that enables the gram-scale production of a fully synthetic anti-cancer vaccine for human use. This therapeutic vaccine candidate, named MAG-Tn3, is a high-molecular-weight tetrameric glycopeptide encompassing carbohydrate tumor-associated Tn antigen clusters and peptidic CD4(+) T-cell epitopes. The synthetic process involves (i) the stepwise solid-phase assembly of protected amino acids, including the high value-added Tn building blocks with only 1.5 equivalents, (ii) a single isolated intermediate, and (iii) the simultaneous deprotection of 36 hindered protective groups. The resulting MAG-Tn3 was unambiguously characterized using a combination of techniques, including a structural analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The four peptidic chains are flexible in solution, with a more constrained but extended conformation at the Tn3 antigen motif. Finally, we demonstrate that, when injected into HLA-DR1 - expressing transgenic mice, this vaccine induces Tn-specific antibodies that mediate the killing of human Tn-positive tumor cells. These studies led to a clinical batch of the MAG-Tn3, currently investigated in breast cancer patients (phase I clinical trial). The current study demonstrates the feasibility of the multigram-scale synthesis of a highly pure complex glycopeptide, and it opens new avenues for the use of synthetic glycopeptides as drugs in humans.
27812586	0	11	Large-scale	T081	C0392762
27812586	12	21	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27812586	26	36	structural	T085	C0026383
27812586	37	45	analysis	T169	C1524024
27812586	51	60	synthetic	T052	C1883254
27812586	61	73	glycopeptide	T116	C0017953
27812586	74	83	dendrimer	T104,T122	C1563732
27812586	90	109	anti-cancer vaccine	T116,T121,T129	C0376659
27812586	140	143	new	T080	C0205314
27812586	144	151	process	T169	C1519894
27812586	169	179	gram-scale	T081	C0392762
27812586	180	190	production	T057	C0033268
27812586	202	211	synthetic	T052	C1883254
27812586	212	231	anti-cancer vaccine	T116,T121,T129	C0376659
27812586	236	241	human	T016	C0086418
27812586	252	271	therapeutic vaccine	T116,T121,T129	C0301521
27812586	289	296	MAG-Tn3	T121	C1254351
27812586	303	324	high-molecular-weight	T080	C1979900
27812586	325	348	tetrameric glycopeptide	T116	C0017953
27812586	362	402	carbohydrate tumor-associated Tn antigen	T109,T129	C0003341
27812586	403	411	clusters	T081	C1704332
27812586	416	424	peptidic	T116	C0030956
27812586	425	438	CD4(+) T-cell	T025	C0039215
27812586	439	447	epitopes	T129	C0003316
27812586	453	470	synthetic process	T052	C1883254
27812586	497	517	solid-phase assembly	T052	C0441655
27812586	521	530	protected	T080	C0205556
27812586	531	542	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27812586	575	577	Tn	T109,T129	C0076765
27812586	578	593	building blocks	T080	C0205556
27812586	635	643	isolated	T169	C0205409
27812586	644	656	intermediate	T167	C0439861
27812586	672	684	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27812586	685	697	deprotection	T070	C2350458
27812586	713	730	protective groups	T120	C0597294
27812586	746	753	MAG-Tn3	T121	C1254351
27812586	772	785	characterized	T052	C1880022
27812586	794	805	combination	T080	C0205195
27812586	809	819	techniques	T169	C0449851
27812586	833	843	structural	T085	C0026383
27812586	844	852	analysis	T169	C1524024
27812586	856	895	nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy	T060	C0877853
27812586	906	914	peptidic	T116	C0030956
27812586	926	934	flexible	T080	C0443220
27812586	960	971	constrained	T077	C1707494
27812586	985	997	conformation	T082	C1518960
27812586	1005	1016	Tn3 antigen	T109,T129	C0076765
27812586	1073	1080	HLA-DR1	T129	C0019768
27812586	1083	1093	expressing	T045	C1171362
27812586	1094	1109	transgenic mice	T015	C0025936
27812586	1116	1123	vaccine	T116,T121,T129	C0376659
27812586	1124	1131	induces	T169	C0205263
27812586	1132	1154	Tn-specific antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27812586	1172	1179	killing	T043	C0599733
27812586	1183	1188	human	T016	C0086418
27812586	1189	1212	Tn-positive tumor cells	T025	C0431085
27812586	1259	1266	MAG-Tn3	T121	C1254351
27812586	1278	1290	investigated	T169	C1292732
27812586	1294	1307	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27812586	1308	1316	patients	T101	C0030705
27812586	1318	1340	phase I clinical trial	T062	C0282459
27812586	1397	1412	multigram-scale	T081	C0392762
27812586	1413	1422	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27812586	1428	1434	highly	T080	C0205250
27812586	1435	1439	pure	T080	C0205556
27812586	1440	1447	complex	T104	C1704241
27812586	1448	1460	glycopeptide	T116	C0017953
27812586	1475	1478	new	T080	C0205314
27812586	1502	1511	synthetic	T052	C1883254
27812586	1512	1525	glycopeptides	T116	C0017953
27812586	1529	1534	drugs	T121	C0013227
27812586	1538	1544	humans	T016	C0086418

27812858|t|Function of terahertz spectra in monitoring the decomposing process of biological macromolecules and in investigating the causes of photoinhibition
27812858|a|Chlorophyll a and β-carotene play an important role in harvesting light energy, which is used to drive photosynthesis in plants. In this study, terahertz (THz) and visible range spectra of chlorophyll a and β-carotene and their changes under light treatment were investigated. The results show that the all THz transmission and absorption spectra of chlorophyll a and β-carotene changed upon light treatment, with the maximum changes at 15 min of illumination indicating the greatest changes of the collective vibrational mode of chlorophyll a and β-carotene. The absorption spectra of chlorophyll a in the visible light region decreased upon light treatment, signifying the degradation of chlorophyll a molecules. It can be inferred from these results that the THz spectra are very sensitive in monitoring the changes of the collective vibrational mode, despite the absence of changes in molecular configuration. The THz spectra can therefore be used to monitor the decomposing process of biological macromolecules; however, visible absorption spectra can only be used to monitor the breakdown extent of biological macromolecules.
27812858	0	8	Function	T169	C0542341
27812858	12	29	terahertz spectra	T059	C2350265
27812858	33	43	monitoring	T052	C0441655
27812858	48	67	decomposing process	T038	C3714634
27812858	71	81	biological	T080	C0205460
27812858	82	96	macromolecules	T104	C0178735
27812858	132	147	photoinhibition	T044	C1326520
27812858	148	161	Chlorophyll a	T109	C0055431
27812858	166	176	β-carotene	T109,T121,T127	C0053396
27812858	203	226	harvesting light energy	T044	C1158303
27812858	251	265	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
27812858	269	275	plants	T002	C0032098
27812858	285	290	study	T062	C2603343
27812858	292	301	terahertz	T059	C2350265
27812858	303	306	THz	T059	C2350265
27812858	312	333	visible range spectra	T059	C1519065
27812858	337	350	chlorophyll a	T109	C0055431
27812858	355	365	β-carotene	T109,T121,T127	C0053396
27812858	390	395	light	T070	C0023693
27812858	396	405	treatment	T169	C1522326
27812858	455	471	THz transmission	T059	C2350265
27812858	476	494	absorption spectra	T059	C1519065
27812858	498	511	chlorophyll a	T109	C0055431
27812858	516	526	β-carotene	T109,T121,T127	C0053396
27812858	540	545	light	T070	C0023693
27812858	546	555	treatment	T169	C1522326
27812858	588	591	min	T079	C0439232
27812858	595	607	illumination	T059	C0684292
27812858	658	674	vibrational mode	T169	C0205245
27812858	678	691	chlorophyll a	T109	C0055431
27812858	696	706	β-carotene	T109,T121,T127	C0053396
27812858	712	730	absorption spectra	T059	C1519065
27812858	734	747	chlorophyll a	T109	C0055431
27812858	755	768	visible light	T070	C0242377
27812858	769	775	region	T082	C1254362
27812858	791	796	light	T070	C0023693
27812858	797	806	treatment	T169	C1522326
27812858	823	834	degradation	T169	C0243125
27812858	838	851	chlorophyll a	T109	C0055431
27812858	852	861	molecules	T167	C0567416
27812858	910	921	THz spectra	T059	C2350265
27812858	944	954	monitoring	T052	C0441655
27812858	985	1001	vibrational mode	T169	C0205245
27812858	1037	1060	molecular configuration	T082	C0026377
27812858	1066	1077	THz spectra	T059	C2350265
27812858	1103	1110	monitor	T052	C0441655
27812858	1115	1134	decomposing process	T038	C3714634
27812858	1138	1148	biological	T080	C0205460
27812858	1149	1163	macromolecules	T104	C0178735
27812858	1174	1200	visible absorption spectra	T059	C1519065
27812858	1221	1228	monitor	T052	C0441655
27812858	1233	1242	breakdown	T169	C0243125
27812858	1253	1263	biological	T080	C0205460
27812858	1264	1278	macromolecules	T104	C0178735

27813022|t|A case of retrograde intussusception at Roux-en-Y anastomosis 10 years after total gastrectomy: review of the literature
27813022|a|A 63-year- old man, who had undergone total gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction for gastric cancer 10 years previously, was admitted to our hospital with complaints of abdominal pain, palpable abdominal tumor, and hematemesis. On admission, the abdominal tenderness was improving and no abdominal tumor was palpable. Mild inflammatory changes and anemia were noted on blood examination. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a tumor with a layered structure in the left abdomen. The patient was diagnosed with intestinal obstruction secondary to intussusception, and surgery was performed. Retrograde intussusception was found at the site of the Y anastomosis. We conducted manual reduction using the Hutchinson procedure. The intestinal color after the reduction was good, and no intestinal resection was required. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 12 days after surgery. Reports of jejunal intussusception after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction are relatively rare. Here, we report a case of jejunal intussusception after total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction.
27813022	2	6	case	T169	C0868928
27813022	10	36	retrograde intussusception	T020	C0400855
27813022	40	61	Roux-en-Y anastomosis	T061	C0002804
27813022	77	94	total gastrectomy	T061	C0017118
27813022	96	120	review of the literature	T170	C0282441
27813022	132	139	old man	T032	C0086582
27813022	159	176	total gastrectomy	T061	C0017118
27813022	181	205	Roux-en-Y reconstruction	T061	C0372024
27813022	210	224	gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27813022	250	258	admitted	T058	C0184666
27813022	266	274	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27813022	280	290	complaints	T184	C0871764
27813022	294	308	abdominal pain	T184	C0000737
27813022	310	318	palpable	T080	C0522499
27813022	319	334	abdominal tumor	T191	C0000735
27813022	340	351	hematemesis	T033	C0018926
27813022	353	365	On admission	T058	C0809949
27813022	371	391	abdominal tenderness	T184	C0232498
27813022	396	405	improving	T080	C1272745
27813022	413	428	abdominal tumor	T191	C0000735
27813022	433	441	palpable	T080	C0522499
27813022	443	460	Mild inflammatory	T046	C0021368
27813022	473	479	anemia	T047	C0002871
27813022	494	511	blood examination	T059	C3826648
27813022	513	522	Abdominal	T029	C0000726
27813022	523	542	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27813022	554	559	tumor	T191	C0027651
27813022	567	584	layered structure	T080	C0205556
27813022	592	604	left abdomen	T029	C0000726
27813022	610	617	patient	T101	C0030705
27813022	622	631	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27813022	637	659	intestinal obstruction	T047	C0021843
27813022	673	688	intussusception	T047	C0021933
27813022	694	701	surgery	T061	C0543467
27813022	706	715	performed	T169	C0884358
27813022	717	743	Retrograde intussusception	T020	C0400855
27813022	773	786	Y anastomosis	T061	C0002805
27813022	801	817	manual reduction	T061	C0185114
27813022	828	848	Hutchinson procedure	T061	C0087111
27813022	854	864	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27813022	865	870	color	T080	C0009393
27813022	881	890	reduction	T061	C0441610
27813022	908	928	intestinal resection	T061	C1096244
27813022	933	941	required	T169	C1514873
27813022	943	965	Postoperative recovery	T033	C4304804
27813022	990	997	patient	T101	C0030705
27813022	1002	1012	discharged	T058	C0030685
27813022	1027	1034	surgery	T061	C0543467
27813022	1036	1043	Reports	T170	C0684224
27813022	1047	1054	jejunal	T023	C0022378
27813022	1055	1070	intussusception	T047	C0021933
27813022	1077	1094	total gastrectomy	T061	C0017118
27813022	1100	1124	Roux-en-Y reconstruction	T061	C0372024
27813022	1172	1179	jejunal	T023	C0022378
27813022	1180	1195	intussusception	T047	C0021933
27813022	1202	1219	total gastrectomy	T061	C0017118
27813022	1225	1249	Roux-en-Y reconstruction	T061	C0372024

27813390|t|Injury surveillance of female adult Zumba ® dancers
27813390|a|We sought to describe the patterns of injury and to establish the injury incidence rates associated with Zumba ®. Zumba ® dancers were invited to complete an anonymous web-based survey containing 13 demographic background and 14 (1 yr retrospective) injury history questions. Inclusion criteria stated that the respondents had to be aged 18 - 64 yr and currently involved in group -based classes of Zumba ®, either as a registered instructor or class participant. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to predict the odds of injury during Zumba ® and Mann-Whitney tests were employed to ascertain differences between groups. The survey response rate was 74%. The final sample of respondents (N = 138; female = 100%) included 19 registered instructors and 119 class participants, of which 58% and 16%, respectively, sustained ≥ 1 injury during Zumba ® in the past year. The odds of injury was 7 (95% CI 2 - 19) times greater (p < 0.01) for registered instructors than for class participants. Zumba ® dancers had a 17 (95% CI 7 - 28) % greater (p < 0.01) odds of injury for every 1 h of non- Zumba ®- related moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) engagement per week. The injury incidence rate for registered instructors and class participants was 5.7 (95% CI 3.1 - 8.2) and 3.9 (95% CI 2.5 - 5.3) injuries per 1000 h of exposure, respectively. Zumba ® presents a low risk of injury; for registered instructors, the increased risk of injury is likely due to the high total volume of MVPA participated in weekly.
27813390	0	19	Injury surveillance	T057	C0681625
27813390	23	29	female	T032	C0086287
27813390	30	35	adult	T100	C0001675
27813390	36	41	Zumba	T058	C1254363
27813390	44	51	dancers	T097	C0335079
27813390	78	86	patterns	T082	C0449774
27813390	90	96	injury	T037	C0043251
27813390	118	124	injury	T037	C0043251
27813390	125	140	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27813390	141	151	associated	T080	C0332281
27813390	157	162	Zumba	T058	C1254363
27813390	166	171	Zumba	T058	C1254363
27813390	174	181	dancers	T097	C0335079
27813390	220	229	web-based	T073	C0282111
27813390	230	236	survey	T170	C0038951
27813390	251	262	demographic	T078	C0011292
27813390	263	273	background	T077	C1706907
27813390	284	286	yr	T079	C0439234
27813390	287	300	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27813390	302	308	injury	T037	C0043251
27813390	309	316	history	T169	C0019665
27813390	317	326	questions	T170	C1522634
27813390	328	337	Inclusion	T080	C1512693
27813390	338	346	criteria	T078	C0243161
27813390	363	374	respondents	T098	C0282122
27813390	385	389	aged	T032	C0001779
27813390	398	400	yr	T079	C0439234
27813390	427	432	group	T098	C1257890
27813390	440	447	classes	T170	C0456387
27813390	451	456	Zumba	T058	C1254363
27813390	472	493	registered instructor	T097	C0556993
27813390	497	502	class	T170	C0456387
27813390	503	514	participant	T098	C0679646
27813390	516	553	Binomial logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27813390	578	582	odds	T081	C0028873
27813390	586	592	injury	T037	C0043251
27813390	600	605	Zumba	T058	C1254363
27813390	612	630	Mann-Whitney tests	T170	C1708930
27813390	678	684	groups	T098	C1257890
27813390	690	696	survey	T170	C0038951
27813390	697	710	response rate	T081	C1521828
27813390	740	751	respondents	T098	C0282122
27813390	762	768	female	T032	C0086287
27813390	789	811	registered instructors	T097	C0556993
27813390	820	825	class	T170	C0456387
27813390	826	838	participants	T098	C0679646
27813390	876	885	sustained	T169	C0443318
27813390	890	896	injury	T037	C0043251
27813390	904	909	Zumba	T058	C1254363
27813390	924	928	year	T079	C0439234
27813390	934	938	odds	T081	C0028873
27813390	942	948	injury	T037	C0043251
27813390	960	962	CI	T081	C0009667
27813390	977	984	greater	T081	C1704243
27813390	1000	1022	registered instructors	T097	C0556993
27813390	1032	1037	class	T170	C0456387
27813390	1038	1050	participants	T098	C0679646
27813390	1052	1057	Zumba	T058	C1254363
27813390	1060	1067	dancers	T097	C0335079
27813390	1082	1084	CI	T081	C0009667
27813390	1095	1102	greater	T081	C1704243
27813390	1114	1118	odds	T081	C0028873
27813390	1122	1128	injury	T037	C0043251
27813390	1141	1142	h	T079	C0439227
27813390	1151	1156	Zumba	T058	C1254363
27813390	1168	1206	moderate to vigorous physical activity	T056	C0015259
27813390	1208	1212	MVPA	T056	C0015259
27813390	1229	1233	week	T079	C0439230
27813390	1239	1245	injury	T037	C0043251
27813390	1246	1260	incidence rate	T081	C1708485
27813390	1265	1287	registered instructors	T097	C0556993
27813390	1292	1297	class	T170	C0456387
27813390	1298	1310	participants	T098	C0679646
27813390	1324	1326	CI	T081	C0009667
27813390	1351	1353	CI	T081	C0009667
27813390	1365	1373	injuries	T037	C0043251
27813390	1383	1384	h	T079	C0439227
27813390	1388	1396	exposure	T080	C0205556
27813390	1412	1417	Zumba	T058	C1254363
27813390	1431	1439	low risk	T081	C3538919
27813390	1443	1449	injury	T037	C0043251
27813390	1455	1477	registered instructors	T097	C0556993
27813390	1483	1497	increased risk	T080	C1444641
27813390	1501	1507	injury	T037	C0043251
27813390	1550	1554	MVPA	T056	C0015259
27813390	1555	1567	participated	T169	C0679823
27813390	1571	1577	weekly	T079	C0332174

27813599|t|Association between IL-4 gene polymorphisms, IL-4 serum levels, and ankylosing spondylitis
27813599|a|We aimed to investigate the effect of two common polymorphisms in interleukin-4 (IL-4) on serum IL-4 levels and the development of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the Chinese population. A total of 420 inpatients and outpatients diagnosed with AS were enrolled as the case group, and 330 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group. IL-4 rs2243250 and rs2227282 genotype frequencies in the latter were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (both P > 0.05). The TC + TT genotypes and T allele of rs2243250 were strongly associated with elevated AS risk [CC vs TC + TT: odds ratio (OR) = 2.378, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.746-3.239, P < 0.001; C vs T: OR = 2.588, 95% CI = 2.007-3.337, P < 0.001]. Moreover, the rs2227282 GG genotype and G allele may also correlate with increased risk (CC vs GC: OR = 1.555, 95% CI = 1.130-2.141, P = 0.007; CC vs GC + GG: OR = 1.833, 95% CI = 1.357-2.476, P < 0.001; C vs G: OR = 1.403, 95% CI = 1.086-1.811, P = 0.009). In addition, serum IL-4 concentrations were significantly lower in AS patients carrying the rs2243250 TT genotype compared to those with the CC and TC genotypes (both P < 0.05). Similarly, patients carrying the rs2227282 CC genotype demonstrated higher serum IL-4 levels than those with the GC and GG genotypes (both P < 0.05). Our study provides evidence that IL-4 polymorphisms associated with diminished serum IL-4 levels may be partially responsible for AS development in the Chinese population.
27813599	20	29	IL-4 gene	T028	C1334119
27813599	30	43	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27813599	45	49	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27813599	50	55	serum	T031	C0229671
27813599	56	62	levels	T080	C0441889
27813599	68	90	ankylosing spondylitis	T047	C0038013
27813599	140	153	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27813599	157	170	interleukin-4	T028	C1334119
27813599	172	176	IL-4	T028	C1334119
27813599	181	186	serum	T031	C0229671
27813599	187	191	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27813599	192	198	levels	T080	C0441889
27813599	222	244	ankylosing spondylitis	T047	C0038013
27813599	246	248	AS	T047	C0038013
27813599	257	275	Chinese population	T098	C0152035
27813599	292	302	inpatients	T101	C0021562
27813599	307	318	outpatients	T101	C0029921
27813599	319	328	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27813599	334	336	AS	T047	C0038013
27813599	378	396	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27813599	418	431	control group	T096	C0009932
27813599	433	447	IL-4 rs2243250	T028	C1334119
27813599	452	461	rs2227282	T028	C1334119
27813599	462	470	genotype	T032	C0017431
27813599	471	482	frequencies	T081	C0017270
27813599	518	544	Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium	T077	C1881032
27813599	566	568	TC	T032	C0017431
27813599	571	583	TT genotypes	T032	C0017431
27813599	588	596	T allele	T028	C0002085
27813599	600	609	rs2243250	T028	C1334119
27813599	624	639	associated with	T080	C0332281
27813599	649	651	AS	T047	C0038013
27813599	658	660	CC	T032	C0017431
27813599	664	666	TC	T032	C0017431
27813599	669	671	TT	T032	C0017431
27813599	673	683	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27813599	685	687	OR	T081	C0028873
27813599	702	721	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27813599	723	725	CI	T081	C0009667
27813599	761	763	OR	T081	C0028873
27813599	777	779	CI	T081	C0009667
27813599	821	830	rs2227282	T028	C1334119
27813599	831	842	GG genotype	T032	C0017431
27813599	847	855	G allele	T028	C0002085
27813599	896	898	CC	T032	C0017431
27813599	902	904	GC	T032	C0017431
27813599	906	908	OR	T081	C0028873
27813599	922	924	CI	T081	C0009667
27813599	951	953	CC	T032	C0017431
27813599	957	959	GC	T032	C0017431
27813599	962	964	GG	T032	C0017431
27813599	966	968	OR	T081	C0028873
27813599	982	984	CI	T081	C0009667
27813599	1019	1021	OR	T081	C0028873
27813599	1035	1037	CI	T081	C0009667
27813599	1078	1083	serum	T031	C0229671
27813599	1084	1088	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27813599	1109	1128	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27813599	1132	1134	AS	T047	C0038013
27813599	1135	1143	patients	T101	C0030705
27813599	1157	1166	rs2243250	T028	C1334119
27813599	1167	1178	TT genotype	T032	C0017431
27813599	1206	1208	CC	T032	C0017431
27813599	1213	1225	TC genotypes	T032	C0017431
27813599	1254	1262	patients	T101	C0030705
27813599	1276	1285	rs2227282	T028	C1334119
27813599	1286	1297	CC genotype	T032	C0017431
27813599	1318	1323	serum	T031	C0229671
27813599	1324	1328	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27813599	1329	1335	levels	T080	C0441889
27813599	1356	1358	GC	T032	C0017431
27813599	1363	1375	GG genotypes	T032	C0017431
27813599	1426	1430	IL-4	T028	C1334119
27813599	1431	1444	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27813599	1445	1460	associated with	T080	C0332281
27813599	1472	1477	serum	T031	C0229671
27813599	1478	1482	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27813599	1483	1489	levels	T080	C0441889
27813599	1497	1518	partially responsible	T033	C1273518
27813599	1523	1525	AS	T047	C0038013
27813599	1545	1563	Chinese population	T098	C0152035

27814657|t|Understanding ligand-receptor non-covalent binding kinetics using molecular modeling
27814657|a|Kinetic properties may serve as critical differentiators and predictors of drug efficacy and safety, in addition to the traditionally focused binding affinity. However the quantitative structure-kinetics relationship (QSKR) for modeling and ligand design is still poorly understood. This review provides an introduction to the kinetics of drug binding from a fundamental chemistry perspective. We focus on recent developments of computational tools and their applications to non-covalent binding kinetics.
27814657	14	29	ligand-receptor	UnknownType	C0683185
27814657	30	50	non-covalent binding	T044	C1167622
27814657	51	59	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27814657	66	84	molecular modeling	T062,T170	C0600115
27814657	85	103	Kinetic properties	T080	C0871161
27814657	126	141	differentiators	T169	C2945687
27814657	146	156	predictors	T078	C2698872
27814657	160	173	drug efficacy	T080	C0598333
27814657	178	184	safety	T080	C0678800
27814657	227	243	binding affinity	T044	C1167622
27814657	257	301	quantitative structure-kinetics relationship	T080	C0205556
27814657	303	307	QSKR	T080	C0205556
27814657	313	321	modeling	T062,T170	C0600115
27814657	326	332	ligand	T103	C0023688
27814657	333	339	design	T052	C1707689
27814657	349	355	poorly	T080	C0205251
27814657	356	366	understood	T041	C0162340
27814657	373	379	review	T170	C0282443
27814657	412	420	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27814657	424	428	drug	T121	C0013227
27814657	429	436	binding	T044	C1167622
27814657	456	477	chemistry perspective	T169	C0079107
27814657	491	497	recent	T079	C0332185
27814657	498	510	developments	T169	C1527148
27814657	514	533	computational tools	T170	C0037589
27814657	544	556	applications	T169	C0457083
27814657	560	580	non-covalent binding	T044	C1167622
27814657	581	589	kinetics	T070	C0022702

27815033|t|Brassinosteroid - induced changes of lipid composition in leaves of Pisum sativum L. during senescence
27815033|a|The effect of steroid phytohormone 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) on the composition of some lipid classes (free fatty acids, triacylglycerols and galactolipids) in detached pea leaves was studied for the first time. EBR (0.1μM) promoted senescence and increased the content of 14:0, 16:0 and 18:1 free fatty acids as well as 18:2 and 18:3 bound to triacylglycerols in the detached leaves in contrast to mock-treated leaves. The content of all identified fatty acids bound to galactolipids decreased in the detached leaves treated with EBR compared to that in mock-treated leaves. These findings suggest that free fatty acids are liberated from polar lipids and then undergo esterification to neutral lipids in the detached leaves upon EBR treatment. We propose that steroid phytohormones may be involved into regulation of leaf senescence via alteration of cell lipid composition.
27815033	0	15	Brassinosteroid	T109	C0038317
27815033	18	25	induced	T169	C0205263
27815033	26	33	changes	T169	C0392747
27815033	37	42	lipid	T109	C0023779
27815033	43	54	composition	T070	C0243176
27815033	58	64	leaves	T002	C0242724
27815033	68	84	Pisum sativum L.	T002	C1262903
27815033	92	102	senescence	T040	C1326530
27815033	107	116	effect of	T080	C1704420
27815033	117	124	steroid	T109	C0038317
27815033	125	137	phytohormone	T116,T125	C0032082
27815033	138	156	24-epibrassinolide	T109	C0243833
27815033	158	161	EBR	T109	C0243833
27815033	170	181	composition	T070	C0243176
27815033	190	195	lipid	T109	C0023779
27815033	196	203	classes	T170	C0456387
27815033	205	221	free fatty acids	T109	C0015688
27815033	223	239	triacylglycerols	T109,T123	C0041004
27815033	244	257	galactolipids	T109	C0060960
27815033	262	270	detached	T169	C0687118
27815033	271	274	pea	T002	C1262903
27815033	275	281	leaves	T002	C0242724
27815033	314	317	EBR	T109	C0243833
27815033	335	345	senescence	T040	C1326530
27815033	350	359	increased	T081	C0205217
27815033	364	371	content	T077	C0456205
27815033	395	411	free fatty acids	T109	C0015688
27815033	446	462	triacylglycerols	T109,T123	C0041004
27815033	470	478	detached	T169	C0687118
27815033	479	485	leaves	T002	C0242724
27815033	501	520	mock-treated leaves	T002	C0242724
27815033	526	533	content	T077	C0456205
27815033	541	551	identified	T080	C0205396
27815033	552	563	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
27815033	573	586	galactolipids	T109	C0060960
27815033	587	596	decreased	T081	C0205216
27815033	604	612	detached	T169	C0687118
27815033	613	619	leaves	T002	C0242724
27815033	620	627	treated	T169	C1522326
27815033	633	636	EBR	T109	C0243833
27815033	657	676	mock-treated leaves	T002	C0242724
27815033	684	692	findings	T169	C2607943
27815033	706	722	free fatty acids	T109	C0015688
27815033	742	747	polar	T081	C0813983
27815033	748	754	lipids	T109	C0023779
27815033	772	786	esterification	T044	C2612539
27815033	790	804	neutral lipids	T109	C0023779
27815033	812	820	detached	T169	C0687118
27815033	821	827	leaves	T002	C0242724
27815033	833	836	EBR	T109	C0243833
27815033	837	846	treatment	T169	C1522326
27815033	864	871	steroid	T109	C0038317
27815033	872	885	phytohormones	T116,T125	C0032082
27815033	907	917	regulation	T038	C1327622
27815033	921	925	leaf	T002	C0242724
27815033	926	936	senescence	T040	C1326530
27815033	941	951	alteration	T078	C1515926
27815033	955	959	cell	T025	C0007634
27815033	960	965	lipid	T109	C0023779
27815033	966	977	composition	T070	C0243176

27815131|t|Sensory coding and cognitive processing of sound in Veterans with blast exposure
27815131|a|Recent anecdotal reports from VA audiology clinics as well as a few published studies have identified a sub-population of Service Members seeking treatment for problems communicating in everyday, noisy listening environments despite having normal to near-normal hearing thresholds. Because of their increased risk of exposure to dangerous levels of prolonged noise and transient explosive blast events, communication problems in these soldiers could be due to either hearing loss (traditional or "hidden") in the auditory sensory periphery or from blast-induced injury to cortical networks associated with attention. We found that out of the 14 blast-exposed Service Members recruited for this study, 12 had hearing thresholds in the normal to near-normal range. A majority of these participants reported having problems specifically related to failures with selective attention. Envelope following responses (EFRs) measuring neural coding fidelity of the auditory brainstem to suprathreshold sounds were similar between blast-exposed and non-blast controls. Blast-exposed subjects performed substantially worse than non-blast controls in an auditory selective attention task in which listeners classified the melodic contour (rising, falling, or " zig-zagging ") of one of three simultaneous, competing tone sequences. Salient pitch and spatial differences made for easy segregation of the three concurrent melodies. Poor performance in the blast-exposed subjects was associated with weaker evoked response potentials (ERPs) in frontal EEG channels, as well as a failure of attention to enhance the neural responses evoked by a sequence when it was the target compared to when it was a distractor. These results suggest that communication problems in these listeners cannot be explained by compromised sensory representations in the auditory periphery, but rather point to lingering blast-induced damage to cortical networks implicated in the control of attention. Because all study participants also suffered from post-traumatic disorder (PTSD), follow-up studies are required to tease apart the contributions of PTSD and blast-induced injury on cognitive performance.
27815131	0	14	Sensory coding	UnknownType	C0678907
27815131	19	39	cognitive processing	T041	C0025361
27815131	43	48	sound	T070	C0037709
27815131	52	60	Veterans	T098	C0042610
27815131	66	71	blast	T070	C0337026
27815131	72	80	exposure	T080	C0332157
27815131	88	105	anecdotal reports	T170	C2986414
27815131	111	131	VA audiology clinics	T073,T093	C3838745
27815131	185	199	sub-population	T098	C1257890
27815131	203	218	Service Members	T098	C0042610
27815131	227	236	treatment	T061	C0087111
27815131	241	263	problems communicating	T033	C0481701
27815131	277	305	noisy listening environments	T067	C0563025
27815131	321	361	normal to near-normal hearing thresholds	T042	C0234732
27815131	390	394	risk	T078	C0035647
27815131	398	445	exposure to dangerous levels of prolonged noise	T033	C2220383
27815131	450	482	transient explosive blast events	T070	C0337026
27815131	484	506	communication problems	T033	C0481701
27815131	516	524	soldiers	T097	C0524647
27815131	548	560	hearing loss	T033	C0011053
27815131	594	620	auditory sensory periphery	T022	C0587901
27815131	629	649	blast-induced injury	T037	C0005700
27815131	653	670	cortical networks	T023	C0007776
27815131	671	686	associated with	T080	C0332281
27815131	687	696	attention	T041	C0004268
27815131	726	755	blast-exposed Service Members	T098	C0042610
27815131	775	780	study	T062	C2603343
27815131	789	807	hearing thresholds	T042	C0234732
27815131	815	821	normal	T033	C0234725
27815131	825	842	near-normal range	T033	C0205161
27815131	864	876	participants	T098	C0679646
27815131	893	901	problems	T047	C0260662
27815131	926	934	failures	T169	C0231174
27815131	950	959	attention	T041	C0004268
27815131	961	989	Envelope following responses	T060	C0430671
27815131	991	995	EFRs	T060	C0430671
27815131	1007	1029	neural coding fidelity	T042	C0683212
27815131	1037	1055	auditory brainstem	T023	C0006121
27815131	1059	1080	suprathreshold sounds	T070	C0037709
27815131	1102	1115	blast-exposed	T098	C0080105
27815131	1120	1138	non-blast controls	T096	C0009932
27815131	1140	1162	Blast-exposed subjects	T098	C0080105
27815131	1198	1216	non-blast controls	T096	C0009932
27815131	1266	1275	listeners	T098	C1257890
27815131	1291	1306	melodic contour	T040	C2370983
27815131	1308	1314	rising	T169	C0442808
27815131	1316	1323	falling	T033	C0442797
27815131	1330	1341	zig-zagging	T033	C0243095
27815131	1385	1389	tone	T070	C0037709
27815131	1409	1414	pitch	T042	C0234789
27815131	1453	1464	segregation	T169	C0205409
27815131	1489	1497	melodies	T040	C2370983
27815131	1523	1545	blast-exposed subjects	T098	C0080105
27815131	1550	1565	associated with	T080	C0332281
27815131	1573	1599	evoked response potentials	T060	C2228412
27815131	1601	1605	ERPs	T060	C2228412
27815131	1610	1630	frontal EEG channels	T060	C0013819
27815131	1645	1652	failure	T169	C0231174
27815131	1656	1665	attention	T041	C0004268
27815131	1681	1697	neural responses	T042	C0683212
27815131	1807	1829	communication problems	T033	C0481701
27815131	1839	1848	listeners	T098	C1257890
27815131	1884	1907	sensory representations	T042	C1327511
27815131	1915	1933	auditory periphery	T022	C0587901
27815131	1965	1985	blast-induced damage	T037	C0005700
27815131	1989	2006	cortical networks	T023	C0007776
27815131	2036	2045	attention	T041	C0004268
27815131	2065	2077	participants	T098	C0679646
27815131	2097	2120	post-traumatic disorder	T048	C0038436
27815131	2122	2126	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27815131	2129	2146	follow-up studies	T062	C0016441
27815131	2196	2200	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27815131	2205	2225	blast-induced injury	T037	C0005700
27815131	2229	2250	cognitive performance	T078	C0243151

27815525|t|ASPEN Safe Practices for Enteral Nutrition Therapy
27815525|a|Enteral nutrition (EN) is a valuable clinical intervention for patients of all ages in a variety of care settings. Along with its many outcome benefits come the potential for adverse effects. These safety issues are the result of clinical complications and of process-related errors. The latter can occur at any step from patient assessment, prescribing, and order review, to product selection, labeling, and administration. To maximize the benefits of EN while minimizing adverse events requires that a systematic approach of care be in place. This includes open communication, standardization, and incorporation of best practices into the EN process. This document provides recommendations based on the available evidence and expert consensus for safe practices, across each step of the process, for all those involved in caring for patients receiving EN.
27815525	0	5	ASPEN	T093	C1708333
27815525	6	20	Safe Practices	T078	C1254370
27815525	25	50	Enteral Nutrition Therapy	T061	C0014327
27815525	51	68	Enteral nutrition	T061	C0014327
27815525	70	72	EN	T061	C0014327
27815525	88	109	clinical intervention	T061	C0184661
27815525	114	122	patients	T101	C0030705
27815525	130	134	ages	T032	C0001779
27815525	151	164	care settings	T073,T093	C4034203
27815525	186	193	outcome	T169	C1274040
27815525	194	202	benefits	T081	C0814225
27815525	226	241	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27815525	249	262	safety issues	T037	C2362502
27815525	281	289	clinical	T080	C0205210
27815525	290	303	complications	T046	C0009566
27815525	311	333	process-related errors	T033	C4036039
27815525	373	391	patient assessment	T058	C0679830
27815525	393	404	prescribing	T058	C0278329
27815525	416	422	review	T078	C1552617
27815525	427	444	product selection	T058	C0514797
27815525	446	454	labeling	T068	C0016475
27815525	460	474	administration	T061	C1533734
27815525	504	506	EN	T061	C0014327
27815525	524	538	adverse events	T046	C0877248
27815525	578	582	care	T052	C1947933
27815525	610	628	open communication	T033	C0518574
27815525	630	645	standardization	T062	C0038136
27815525	651	664	incorporation	T169	C0243126
27815525	668	682	best practices	T078	C3179154
27815525	692	694	EN	T061	C0014327
27815525	779	785	expert	T097	C1706750
27815525	786	795	consensus	T054	C0376298
27815525	800	814	safe practices	T078	C1254370
27815525	875	894	caring for patients	T058	C0017313
27815525	905	907	EN	T061	C0014327

27816023|t|Kinematics and kinetics during stair ascent in individuals with Gluteal Tendinopathy
27816023|a|Individuals with gluteal tendinopathy commonly report lateral hip pain and disability during stair ascent. This study aimed to compare kinematics and kinetics between individuals with and without gluteal tendinopathy during a step up task. 35 individuals with unilateral gluteal tendinopathy and 35 pain-free controls underwent three-dimensional motion analysis of stance phase during stair ascent. An analysis of covariance was performed to compare hip, pelvis and trunk kinematic and kinetic variables between groups. A K-means cluster analysis was performed to identify subgroups from the entire group (n=70) based on the characteristics of the external hip adduction moment. Finally, a Newcombe-Wilson test was performed to evaluate the relationship between group and cluster codes and a 3×2 ANOVA to investigate the differences in kinematics between groups and cluster codes. Individuals with gluteal tendinopathy exhibited a greater hip adduction moment impulse during stair ascent (ES=0.83), greater internal rotation impulse during the first 50% stance phase (ES=0.63) and greater contralateral trunk lean throughout stance than controls (ranging from ES=0.67-0.93). Three subgroups based on hip adduction moment characteristics were identified. Individuals with GT were 4.5 times more likely to have a hip adduction moment characteristic of a large impulse and greater lateral pelvic translation at heel strike than the subgroup most likely to contain controls. Individuals with GT exhibit greater hip adduction moment impulse and alterations in trunk and pelvic kinematics during stair ascent. Findings provide a basis to consider frontal plane trunk and pelvic control in the management of gluteal tendinopathy.
27816023	0	10	Kinematics	T091	C0600169
27816023	15	23	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27816023	31	43	stair ascent	T056	C1290942
27816023	47	58	individuals	T098	C0237401
27816023	64	84	Gluteal Tendinopathy	T047	C0263924
27816023	85	96	Individuals	T098	C0237401
27816023	102	122	gluteal tendinopathy	T047	C0263924
27816023	132	138	report	T170	C0684224
27816023	139	146	lateral	T082	C0205093
27816023	147	155	hip pain	T184	C0019559
27816023	160	170	disability	T033	C0231170
27816023	178	190	stair ascent	T056	C1290942
27816023	197	202	study	T062	C2603343
27816023	203	208	aimed	T078	C1947946
27816023	212	219	compare	T052	C1707455
27816023	220	230	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27816023	235	243	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27816023	252	263	individuals	T098	C0237401
27816023	281	301	gluteal tendinopathy	T047	C0263924
27816023	311	323	step up task	T061	C0454366
27816023	328	339	individuals	T098	C0237401
27816023	345	355	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27816023	356	376	gluteal tendinopathy	T047	C0263924
27816023	384	393	pain-free	T033	C3891813
27816023	394	402	controls	T096	C0009932
27816023	413	430	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27816023	431	446	motion analysis	T060	C1314184
27816023	450	462	stance phase	T082	C0231472
27816023	470	482	stair ascent	T056	C1290942
27816023	487	509	analysis of covariance	T081	C0814908
27816023	514	523	performed	T169	C0884358
27816023	527	534	compare	T052	C1707455
27816023	535	538	hip	T023	C0019552
27816023	540	546	pelvis	T023	C0030797
27816023	551	556	trunk	T029	C0460005
27816023	557	566	kinematic	T091	C0600169
27816023	571	578	kinetic	T070	C0022702
27816023	579	588	variables	T080	C0439828
27816023	597	603	groups	T078	C0441833
27816023	607	631	K-means cluster analysis	UnknownType	C0814928
27816023	636	645	performed	T169	C0884358
27816023	658	667	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27816023	677	683	entire	T081	C0439751
27816023	684	689	group	T078	C0441833
27816023	697	702	based	T169	C1527178
27816023	710	725	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27816023	733	741	external	T082	C0205101
27816023	742	755	hip adduction	T033	C2030969
27816023	756	762	moment	T067	C0376590
27816023	775	795	Newcombe-Wilson test	T062	C0242481
27816023	800	809	performed	T169	C0884358
27816023	813	821	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27816023	826	838	relationship	T080	C0439849
27816023	847	852	group	T078	C0441833
27816023	857	870	cluster codes	T170	C0282574
27816023	881	886	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27816023	890	901	investigate	T169	C1292732
27816023	921	931	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27816023	940	946	groups	T078	C0441833
27816023	951	964	cluster codes	T170	C0282574
27816023	966	977	Individuals	T098	C0237401
27816023	983	1003	gluteal tendinopathy	T047	C0263924
27816023	1016	1023	greater	T081	C1704243
27816023	1024	1037	hip adduction	T033	C2030969
27816023	1038	1044	moment	T067	C0376590
27816023	1045	1052	impulse	T041	C0599907
27816023	1060	1072	stair ascent	T056	C1290942
27816023	1084	1091	greater	T081	C1704243
27816023	1092	1109	internal rotation	T169	C0231459
27816023	1110	1117	impulse	T043	C1720744
27816023	1139	1151	stance phase	T082	C0231472
27816023	1166	1173	greater	T081	C1704243
27816023	1174	1198	contralateral trunk lean	T082	C0459197
27816023	1210	1216	stance	T082	C0231472
27816023	1222	1230	controls	T096	C0009932
27816023	1266	1275	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27816023	1276	1281	based	T169	C1527178
27816023	1285	1298	hip adduction	T033	C2030969
27816023	1299	1305	moment	T067	C0376590
27816023	1306	1321	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27816023	1327	1337	identified	T080	C0205396
27816023	1339	1350	Individuals	T098	C0237401
27816023	1356	1358	GT	T047	C0263924
27816023	1396	1409	hip adduction	T033	C2030969
27816023	1410	1416	moment	T067	C0376590
27816023	1417	1431	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27816023	1443	1450	impulse	T043	C1720744
27816023	1455	1462	greater	T081	C1704243
27816023	1463	1470	lateral	T082	C0205093
27816023	1471	1477	pelvic	T023	C0030797
27816023	1478	1489	translation	T078	C1515926
27816023	1493	1497	heel	T029	C0018870
27816023	1498	1504	strike	T052	C3266814
27816023	1514	1522	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27816023	1546	1554	controls	T096	C0009932
27816023	1556	1567	Individuals	T098	C0237401
27816023	1573	1575	GT	T047	C0263924
27816023	1584	1591	greater	T081	C1704243
27816023	1592	1605	hip adduction	T033	C2030969
27816023	1606	1612	moment	T067	C0376590
27816023	1613	1620	impulse	T041	C0599907
27816023	1625	1636	alterations	T078	C1515926
27816023	1640	1645	trunk	T029	C0460005
27816023	1650	1656	pelvic	T023	C0030797
27816023	1657	1667	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27816023	1675	1687	stair ascent	T056	C1290942
27816023	1689	1697	Findings	T033	C0243095
27816023	1698	1705	provide	T052	C1999230
27816023	1708	1713	basis	T169	C1527178
27816023	1726	1739	frontal plane	T082	C0205123
27816023	1740	1745	trunk	T029	C0460005
27816023	1750	1764	pelvic control	T033	C0561970
27816023	1772	1782	management	T058	C0376636
27816023	1786	1806	gluteal tendinopathy	T047	C0263924

27816055|t|Genome-wide profiling of chicken dendritic cell response to infectious bursal disease
27816055|a|Avian infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a highly contagious, immunosuppressive disease of young chickens, which causes high mortality rates and large economic losses in the poultry industry. Dendritic cells (DCs), which are antigen-presenting cells, have the unique ability to induce both innate and acquired immune responses and may significantly influence virus pathogenicity. To understand the interaction between IBDV and DCs, a microarray was used to analyse the response of DCs infected by IBDV. IBDV infection induced 479 upregulated and 466 downregulated mRNAs in chicken DCs. Analysis of Gene Ontology suggested that transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter and the RNA biosynthetic process were enriched, and pathway analyses suggested that oxidative phosphorylation, as well as the T cell receptor and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) signalling pathways might be activated by IBDV infection. Moreover, microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) alterations in IBDV - infected chicken DCs were observed. A total of 18 significantly upregulated or downregulated miRNAs and 441 significantly upregulated or downregulated lncRNAs were identified in IBDV - stimulated DCs. We constructed 42 transcription factor (TF)- miRNA - mRNA interactions involving 1 TF, 3 miRNAs, and 42 mRNAs in IBDV - stimulated DCs. Finally, we predicted the target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs, and constructed lncRNA - mRNA regulatory networks. The results of this study suggest a mechanism to explain how IBDV infection triggers an effective immune response in chicken DCs.
27816055	0	21	Genome-wide profiling	T063	C2350277
27816055	25	32	chicken	T012	C0008051
27816055	33	47	dendritic cell	T025	C0011306
27816055	48	56	response	T032	C0871261
27816055	60	85	infectious bursal disease	T047	C0276483
27816055	86	91	Avian	T012	C0005595
27816055	92	123	infectious bursal disease virus	T005	C0021338
27816055	125	129	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27816055	143	153	contagious	T047	C0009450
27816055	155	180	immunosuppressive disease	T047	C0012634
27816055	184	189	young	T079	C0332239
27816055	190	198	chickens	T012	C0008051
27816055	218	233	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
27816055	244	259	economic losses	T081	C0681022
27816055	267	274	poultry	T012	C0032850
27816055	275	283	industry	T057	C0021267
27816055	285	300	Dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
27816055	302	305	DCs	T025	C0011306
27816055	318	342	antigen-presenting cells	T025	C0003315
27816055	360	367	ability	T032	C0085732
27816055	371	377	induce	T169	C0205263
27816055	383	389	innate	T032	C0020969
27816055	394	419	acquired immune responses	T040	C1749719
27816055	442	451	influence	T077	C4054723
27816055	452	457	virus	T005	C0042776
27816055	458	471	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
27816055	491	502	interaction	T169	C1704675
27816055	511	515	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27816055	520	523	DCs	T025	C0011306
27816055	527	537	microarray	T073	C1709016
27816055	550	557	analyse	T062	C0936012
27816055	562	570	response	T032	C0871261
27816055	574	577	DCs	T025	C0011306
27816055	578	586	infected	T033	C0439663
27816055	590	594	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27816055	596	600	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27816055	601	610	infection	T046	C3714514
27816055	611	618	induced	T169	C0205263
27816055	623	634	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27816055	643	656	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27816055	657	662	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27816055	666	673	chicken	T012	C0008051
27816055	674	677	DCs	T025	C0011306
27816055	679	687	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27816055	691	704	Gene Ontology	T170	C1138831
27816055	705	714	suggested	T078	C1705535
27816055	720	769	transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter	T045	C1158814
27816055	778	802	RNA biosynthetic process	T045	C1623415
27816055	822	829	pathway	T044	C0037080
27816055	830	838	analyses	T062	C0936012
27816055	839	848	suggested	T078	C1705535
27816055	854	879	oxidative phosphorylation	T044	C0030013
27816055	896	911	T cell receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
27816055	916	930	Interleukin-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27816055	932	937	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
27816055	939	958	signalling pathways	T044	C0037080
27816055	968	977	activated	T052	C1879547
27816055	981	985	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27816055	986	995	infection	T046	C3714514
27816055	1007	1015	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27816055	1017	1022	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27816055	1028	1047	long non-coding RNA	T114,T123	C3494264
27816055	1049	1055	lncRNA	T114,T123	C3494264
27816055	1057	1068	alterations	T078	C1515926
27816055	1072	1076	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27816055	1079	1087	infected	T033	C0439663
27816055	1088	1095	chicken	T012	C0008051
27816055	1096	1099	DCs	T025	C0011306
27816055	1143	1154	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27816055	1158	1171	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27816055	1172	1178	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27816055	1201	1212	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27816055	1216	1229	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27816055	1230	1237	lncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27816055	1257	1261	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27816055	1264	1274	stimulated	T070	C1948023
27816055	1275	1278	DCs	T025	C0011306
27816055	1298	1318	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27816055	1320	1322	TF	T116,T123	C0040648
27816055	1325	1330	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27816055	1333	1337	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27816055	1338	1350	interactions	T169	C1704675
27816055	1363	1365	TF	T116,T123	C0040648
27816055	1369	1375	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27816055	1384	1389	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27816055	1393	1397	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27816055	1400	1410	stimulated	T070	C1948023
27816055	1411	1414	DCs	T025	C0011306
27816055	1428	1437	predicted	T078	C0681842
27816055	1442	1448	target	T169	C1521840
27816055	1449	1454	genes	T028	C0017337
27816055	1473	1482	expressed	T045	C0017262
27816055	1483	1490	lncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27816055	1508	1514	lncRNA	T114,T123	C3494264
27816055	1517	1521	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27816055	1522	1541	regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
27816055	1547	1554	results	T169	C1274040
27816055	1563	1568	study	T062	C2603343
27816055	1569	1576	suggest	T078	C1705535
27816055	1579	1588	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27816055	1604	1608	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27816055	1609	1618	infection	T046	C3714514
27816055	1619	1627	triggers	T080	C1444748
27816055	1631	1640	effective	T080	C1704419
27816055	1641	1656	immune response	T042	C0301872
27816055	1660	1667	chicken	T012	C0008051
27816055	1668	1671	DCs	T025	C0011306

27816898|t|Epilepsy in ring chromosome 20 syndrome
27816898|a|Ring chromosome 20 syndrome is characterized by severe, drug resistant childhood onset epilepsy, often accompanied by cognitive impairment. We characterized the electro-clinical phenotype and the long-term course of epilepsy in a large series. We reviewed the electro-clinical phenotype of 25 patients (aged 8-59 years), and assessed the relationship between epilepsy severity and clinical and/or genetic variables. We also searched for reports of patients diagnosed with r(20) syndrome in the literature, included those whose clinical information was sufficiently accurate, and compared their clinical features with the ones of our patients. Epilepsy exhibited an age dependent course. When seizure onset occurred in childhood (21 patients), terrifying hallucinations associated with focal motor seizures, often sleep-related (8 patients), or dyscognitive seizures (13 patients), were prominent features, often evolving into epileptic encephalopathy associated with non-convulsive status epilepticus (11 patients). In the long-term, progressive stabilization of drug resistant epilepsy associated with non-convulsive status epilepticus, focal seizures with motor and autonomic features, and eyelid myoclonia were noticed. Epilepsy onset in adolescence (3 patients) was accompanied by a milder developmental course, dyscognitive seizures and non-convulsive status epilepticus, and no cognitive decline. Only three older patients became seizure free (>5 years) We found statistically significant correlations between age at epilepsy onset and cognitive level. Although in the study cohort the relationship between r(20) ratio, age at epilepsy onset and cognitive level was non-statistically significant, it reached significance evaluating the larger cohort of patients previously published. In ring(20) syndrome, epilepsy has an age dependent course and a worse outcome when age at seizure onset is earlier. The r(20) ratio and severity of cognitive impairment appear to be directly related to each other and inversely correlated with the age at epilepsy onset.
27816898	0	8	Epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27816898	12	39	ring chromosome 20 syndrome	T019	C0265482
27816898	40	67	Ring chromosome 20 syndrome	T019	C0265482
27816898	71	84	characterized	T052	C1880022
27816898	88	94	severe	T080	C0205082
27816898	96	135	drug resistant childhood onset epilepsy	T047	C1096063
27816898	111	135	childhood onset epilepsy	T033	C4315525
27816898	158	178	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27816898	183	196	characterized	T052	C1880022
27816898	201	227	electro-clinical phenotype	T032	C0031437
27816898	236	245	long-term	T079	C0443252
27816898	246	252	course	T079	C0750729
27816898	256	264	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27816898	270	275	large	T081	C0549177
27816898	276	282	series	T081	C0205549
27816898	287	295	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27816898	300	326	electro-clinical phenotype	T032	C0031437
27816898	333	341	patients	T101	C0030705
27816898	343	347	aged	T032	C0001779
27816898	353	358	years	T079	C0439234
27816898	365	373	assessed	T052	C1516048
27816898	378	390	relationship	T080	C0439849
27816898	399	416	epilepsy severity	T033	C1319803
27816898	421	429	clinical	T033	C1834667
27816898	437	454	genetic variables	T033	C0243095
27816898	464	472	searched	T052	C1706202
27816898	477	496	reports of patients	T170	C0747307
27816898	497	506	diagnosed	T062	C1704656
27816898	512	526	r(20) syndrome	T019	C0265482
27816898	534	544	literature	T170	C0023866
27816898	546	554	included	T169	C0332257
27816898	567	587	clinical information	T170	C2708733
27816898	592	604	sufficiently	T080	C0205410
27816898	605	613	accurate	T080	C0443131
27816898	619	627	compared	T052	C1707455
27816898	634	642	clinical	T080	C0205210
27816898	643	651	features	T080	C2348519
27816898	673	681	patients	T101	C0030705
27816898	683	691	Epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27816898	705	708	age	T032	C0001779
27816898	709	718	dependent	T080	C0851827
27816898	719	725	course	T079	C0750729
27816898	732	745	seizure onset	T033	C0748604
27816898	746	754	occurred	T052	C1709305
27816898	758	767	childhood	T079	C0231335
27816898	772	780	patients	T101	C0030705
27816898	783	793	terrifying	T033	C0558261
27816898	794	808	hallucinations	T048	C0018524
27816898	809	824	associated with	T080	C0332281
27816898	825	845	focal motor seizures	T047	C0016399
27816898	853	866	sleep-related	T047	C2875121
27816898	870	878	patients	T101	C0030705
27816898	884	905	dyscognitive seizures	T033	C4013600
27816898	910	918	patients	T101	C0030705
27816898	926	944	prominent features	T080	C2348519
27816898	966	990	epileptic encephalopathy	T047	C0543888
27816898	991	1006	associated with	T080	C0332281
27816898	1007	1040	non-convulsive status epilepticus	T047	C0751523
27816898	1045	1053	patients	T101	C0030705
27816898	1063	1072	long-term	T079	C0443252
27816898	1074	1085	progressive	T169	C0205329
27816898	1086	1099	stabilization	T061	C1293130
27816898	1103	1126	drug resistant epilepsy	T047	C1096063
27816898	1127	1142	associated with	T080	C0332281
27816898	1143	1176	non-convulsive status epilepticus	T047	C0751523
27816898	1178	1192	focal seizures	T184	C0751495
27816898	1198	1203	motor	T201	C1285624
27816898	1208	1226	autonomic features	T033	C2674101
27816898	1232	1248	eyelid myoclonia	T047	C0014550
27816898	1263	1271	Epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27816898	1272	1277	onset	T080	C0332162
27816898	1281	1292	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27816898	1296	1304	patients	T101	C0030705
27816898	1327	1333	milder	T080	C2945599
27816898	1334	1347	developmental	T080	C0458003
27816898	1348	1354	course	T079	C0750729
27816898	1356	1377	dyscognitive seizures	T033	C4013600
27816898	1382	1415	non-convulsive status epilepticus	T047	C0751523
27816898	1421	1441	no cognitive decline	T033	C2749513
27816898	1448	1453	three	T081	C0205449
27816898	1454	1468	older patients	T101	C0030705
27816898	1476	1488	seizure free	T033	C1299590
27816898	1493	1498	years	T079	C0439234
27816898	1509	1534	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27816898	1535	1547	correlations	T080	C1707520
27816898	1556	1559	age	T032	C0001779
27816898	1563	1571	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27816898	1572	1577	onset	T080	C0332162
27816898	1582	1597	cognitive level	T041	C0392335
27816898	1615	1627	study cohort	T081	C0009247
27816898	1632	1644	relationship	T080	C0439849
27816898	1653	1664	r(20) ratio	T081	C0456603
27816898	1666	1669	age	T032	C0001779
27816898	1673	1681	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27816898	1682	1687	onset	T080	C0332162
27816898	1692	1707	cognitive level	T041	C0392335
27816898	1712	1741	non-statistically significant	T033	C1273937
27816898	1754	1766	significance	T078	C0750502
27816898	1767	1777	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27816898	1782	1788	larger	T081	C0549177
27816898	1789	1795	cohort	T098	C0599755
27816898	1799	1807	patients	T101	C0030705
27816898	1808	1818	previously	T079	C0205156
27816898	1819	1828	published	T170	C0993637
27816898	1833	1850	ring(20) syndrome	T019	C0265482
27816898	1852	1860	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27816898	1868	1871	age	T032	C0001779
27816898	1872	1881	dependent	T080	C1701901
27816898	1882	1888	course	T079	C0750729
27816898	1895	1900	worse	T033	C1457868
27816898	1901	1908	outcome	T169	C1274040
27816898	1914	1917	age	T032	C0001779
27816898	1921	1934	seizure onset	T033	C0748604
27816898	1951	1962	r(20) ratio	T081	C0456603
27816898	1967	1975	severity	T080	C0439793
27816898	1979	1999	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27816898	2013	2021	directly	T080	C1947931
27816898	2022	2029	related	T080	C0439849
27816898	2048	2057	inversely	T080	C0439850
27816898	2058	2068	correlated	T080	C1707520
27816898	2078	2081	age	T032	C0001779
27816898	2085	2093	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27816898	2094	2099	onset	T080	C0332162

27817780|t|Identification of gene mutation and prenatal diagnosis in a family with X-linked ichthyosis
27817780|a|X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) is a metabolic disease with steroid sulfatase deficiency and often occurs at birth or shortly after birth. The encoding gene of steroid sulfatase, STS, is located on the short arm of the X chromosome, and STS deletion or mutation can lead to the development of this disease. This study collected the data on the clinical phenotype from a family, and the proband, a boy aged 11 years with full-term vaginal delivery, had dry and rough skin and black-brown scaly patches, mainly in the abdomen and extensor aspect of extremities. Peripheral blood samples were collected from each family member and DNA was extracted. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was used to measure the copy number of STS on the X chromosome. Whole-genome microarray was used to determine the size of the segment with microdeletion in the X chromosome. MLPA was then used for prenatal diagnosis for the mother of the proband. The results revealed that the proband and another two male patients had hemizygotes in STS deletion. Gene microarray identified a rare deletion with a size of 1.6 Mb at Xp22.31 (chrX: 6,516,735-8,131,442). Two female family members were found to be carriers. Prenatal diagnosis showed that the fetus carried by the proband's mother was a carrier of this microdeletion. This study showed STS gene deletion in this family of XLI, which causes the unique skin lesions of XLI. MLPA is a convenient and reliable technique for the molecular and prenatal diagnosis of XLI.
27817780	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
27817780	18	31	gene mutation	T045	C0596611
27817780	36	54	prenatal diagnosis	T060	C0033053
27817780	72	91	X-linked ichthyosis	T047	C0079588
27817780	92	111	X-linked ichthyosis	T047	C0079588
27817780	113	116	XLI	T047	C0079588
27817780	123	140	metabolic disease	T047	C0025517
27817780	146	163	steroid sulfatase	T116,T126	C0052456
27817780	164	174	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27817780	195	200	birth	T040	C0005615
27817780	212	223	after birth	T018	C0392917
27817780	229	237	encoding	T052	C2700640
27817780	238	242	gene	T028	C0017337
27817780	246	263	steroid sulfatase	T116,T126	C0052456
27817780	265	268	STS	T028	C1420490
27817780	273	280	located	T082	C0332285
27817780	288	317	short arm of the X chromosome	T086	C1520168
27817780	323	326	STS	T028	C1420490
27817780	327	335	deletion	T045	C0017260
27817780	339	347	mutation	T045	C0596611
27817780	364	375	development	T169	C1527148
27817780	384	391	disease	T047	C0012634
27817780	398	403	study	T062	C0008972
27817780	404	413	collected	T169	C1516698
27817780	418	422	data	T078	C1511726
27817780	430	438	clinical	T080	C0205210
27817780	439	448	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27817780	456	462	family	T099	C0015576
27817780	472	479	proband	T099	C1948021
27817780	483	486	boy	T100	C0870221
27817780	487	491	aged	T032	C0001779
27817780	495	500	years	T079	C1510829
27817780	506	532	full-term vaginal delivery	T033	C1384485
27817780	538	556	dry and rough skin	T033	C3277145
27817780	561	586	black-brown scaly patches	T033	C0243095
27817780	602	609	abdomen	T029	C0000726
27817780	614	622	extensor	T029	C1184148
27817780	633	644	extremities	T023	C0015385
27817780	646	656	Peripheral	T082	C0205100
27817780	657	670	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27817780	676	685	collected	T169	C1516698
27817780	696	709	family member	T099	C0086282
27817780	714	717	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27817780	733	781	Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification	T063	C3494189
27817780	783	787	MLPA	T063	C3494189
27817780	801	808	measure	T081	C0079809
27817780	813	824	copy number	T081	C1707513
27817780	828	831	STS	T028	C1420490
27817780	839	851	X chromosome	T026	C0043292
27817780	853	876	Whole-genome microarray	T059	C1449575
27817780	903	907	size	T082	C0456389
27817780	928	941	microdeletion	T034	C3532201
27817780	949	961	X chromosome	T026	C0043292
27817780	963	967	MLPA	T063	C3494189
27817780	986	1004	prenatal diagnosis	T060	C0033053
27817780	1013	1019	mother	T099	C0026591
27817780	1027	1034	proband	T099	C1948021
27817780	1040	1047	results	T033	C0683954
27817780	1066	1073	proband	T099	C1948021
27817780	1090	1094	male	T098	C0025266
27817780	1095	1103	patients	T101	C0030705
27817780	1108	1119	hemizygotes	T032	C0314649
27817780	1123	1126	STS	T028	C1420490
27817780	1127	1135	deletion	T045	C0017260
27817780	1137	1152	Gene microarray	T063	C1522053
27817780	1153	1163	identified	T080	C0205396
27817780	1171	1179	deletion	T045	C0017260
27817780	1187	1191	size	T082	C0456389
27817780	1205	1212	Xp22.31	T026	C1520175
27817780	1246	1252	female	T098	C0043210
27817780	1253	1267	family members	T099	C0086282
27817780	1285	1293	carriers	T033	C0560175
27817780	1295	1313	Prenatal diagnosis	T060	C0033053
27817780	1330	1335	fetus	T018	C0015965
27817780	1351	1360	proband's	T099	C1948021
27817780	1361	1367	mother	T099	C0026591
27817780	1374	1381	carrier	T033	C0560175
27817780	1390	1403	microdeletion	T047	C1954751
27817780	1410	1415	study	T062	C0008972
27817780	1423	1426	STS	T028	C1420490
27817780	1427	1440	gene deletion	T045	C0017260
27817780	1459	1462	XLI	T047	C0079588
27817780	1481	1487	unique	T080	C1710548
27817780	1488	1500	skin lesions	T047	C0037284
27817780	1504	1507	XLI	T047	C0079588
27817780	1509	1513	MLPA	T063	C3494189
27817780	1519	1529	convenient	T080	C3831015
27817780	1534	1542	reliable	T080	C0205556
27817780	1543	1552	technique	T063	C1513384
27817780	1561	1570	molecular	T080	C1521991
27817780	1575	1593	prenatal diagnosis	T060	C0033053
27817780	1597	1600	XLI	T047	C0079588

27817925|t|Phytolith - occluded organic carbon as a mechanism for long-term carbon sequestration in a typical steppe: The predominant role of belowground productivity
27817925|a|Phytolith - occluded organic carbon (phytOC) has recently been demonstrated to be an important terrestrial carbon (C) fraction resistant to decomposition and thus has potential for long-term C sequestration. Existing studies show that plant leaves and sheath normally have high phytOC concentration, thus most of phytOC studies are limited to the aboveground plant parts. Grassland communities comprise herbaceous species, especially grasses and sedges which have relatively high concentrations of phytoliths, but the phytOC production from grassland, especially from its belowground part, is unknown. Here we determined the phytOC concentration in different parts of major plant species in a typical steppe grassland on the Mongolian Plateau, and estimated the phytolith C sequestration potential. We found that the phytOC concentration of major steppe species was significantly (p<0.05) higher in belowground (0.67gkg(-1)) than aboveground biomass (0.20gkg(-1)) and that the belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) was 8-15 times the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). Consequently, the phytOC stock in belowground biomass (12.50kgha(-1)) was about 40 times of that in aboveground biomass (0.31kgha(-1)), and phytOC production flux from BNPP (8.1-15.8kgha(-1)yr(-1)) was 25-51 times of that from ANPP. Our results indicate that BNPP plays a dominant role in the biogeochemical silica cycle and associated phytOC production in grassland ecosystems, and suggests that potential phytolith C sequestration of grasslands may be at least one order of magnitude greater than the previous estimation based on ANPP only. Our results emphasize the need for more research on phytolith and phytOC distribution and flux in both above and below ground plant parts for quantifying the phytolith C sequestration.
27817925	0	9	Phytolith	T167	C0016614
27817925	12	20	occluded	T169	C1947917
27817925	21	28	organic	T080	C0747055
27817925	29	35	carbon	T196	C0007009
27817925	41	50	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27817925	55	64	long-term	T079	C0443252
27817925	65	85	carbon sequestration	T067	C2936300
27817925	99	105	steppe	T082	C0442534
27817925	111	122	predominant	T080	C1542147
27817925	123	127	role	T077	C1705810
27817925	131	142	belowground	T082	C1254362
27817925	143	155	productivity	T081	C0033269
27817925	156	165	Phytolith	T167	C0016614
27817925	168	176	occluded	T169	C1947917
27817925	177	184	organic	T080	C0747055
27817925	185	191	carbon	T196	C0007009
27817925	193	199	phytOC	T196	C0007009
27817925	241	250	important	T080	C3898777
27817925	251	262	terrestrial	T082	C0562020
27817925	263	269	carbon	T196	C0007009
27817925	271	272	C	T196	C0007009
27817925	274	282	fraction	T081	C0560268
27817925	283	292	resistant	T169	C0332325
27817925	296	309	decomposition	T067	C1254366
27817925	323	332	potential	T080	C3245505
27817925	337	346	long-term	T079	C0443252
27817925	347	362	C sequestration	T067	C2936300
27817925	391	403	plant leaves	T002	C0242724
27817925	408	414	sheath	T002	C0032098
27817925	434	440	phytOC	T196	C0007009
27817925	441	454	concentration	T081	C1264643
27817925	469	475	phytOC	T196	C0007009
27817925	503	526	aboveground plant parts	T002	C1136056
27817925	528	537	Grassland	T082	C0442534
27817925	538	549	communities	T096	C0009462
27817925	550	558	comprise	T052	C2700400
27817925	559	577	herbaceous species	T002	C0019240
27817925	590	597	grasses	T002	C0018210
27817925	602	608	sedges	T002	C1000671
27817925	636	650	concentrations	T081	C1264643
27817925	654	664	phytoliths	T167	C0016614
27817925	674	680	phytOC	T196	C0007009
27817925	681	691	production	T169	C0205245
27817925	697	706	grassland	T082	C0442534
27817925	728	739	belowground	T082	C1254362
27817925	740	744	part	T082	C0449719
27817925	749	756	unknown	T080	C0439673
27817925	766	776	determined	T080	C0521095
27817925	781	787	phytOC	T196	C0007009
27817925	788	801	concentration	T081	C1264643
27817925	805	814	different	T080	C1705242
27817925	815	820	parts	T082	C0449719
27817925	830	843	plant species	T002	C0032098
27817925	857	873	steppe grassland	T082	C0442534
27817925	881	898	Mongolian Plateau	UnknownType	C0681784
27817925	904	913	estimated	T081	C0750572
27817925	918	927	phytolith	T167	C0016614
27817925	928	943	C sequestration	T067	C2936300
27817925	944	953	potential	T080	C3245505
27817925	973	979	phytOC	T196	C0007009
27817925	980	993	concentration	T081	C1264643
27817925	1003	1009	steppe	T082	C0442534
27817925	1010	1017	species	T002	C0032098
27817925	1022	1051	significantly (p<0.05) higher	T081	C4055637
27817925	1055	1066	belowground	T082	C1254362
27817925	1086	1097	aboveground	T082	C1254362
27817925	1098	1105	biomass	T081	C0005535
27817925	1133	1169	belowground net primary productivity	T081	C0033269
27817925	1171	1175	BNPP	T081	C0033269
27817925	1196	1232	aboveground net primary productivity	T081	C0033269
27817925	1234	1238	ANPP	T081	C0033269
27817925	1259	1265	phytOC	T196	C0007009
27817925	1275	1286	belowground	T082	C1254362
27817925	1287	1294	biomass	T081	C0005535
27817925	1341	1352	aboveground	T082	C1254362
27817925	1353	1360	biomass	T081	C0005535
27817925	1381	1387	phytOC	T196	C0007009
27817925	1388	1398	production	T169	C0205245
27817925	1399	1403	flux	T070	C2348693
27817925	1409	1413	BNPP	T081	C0033269
27817925	1468	1472	ANPP	T081	C0033269
27817925	1486	1494	indicate	T033	C1444656
27817925	1500	1504	BNPP	T081	C0033269
27817925	1513	1521	dominant	T169	C1527180
27817925	1522	1526	role	T077	C1705810
27817925	1534	1561	biogeochemical silica cycle	T038	C3714634
27817925	1566	1576	associated	T080	C0332281
27817925	1577	1583	phytOC	T196	C0007009
27817925	1584	1594	production	T169	C0205245
27817925	1598	1607	grassland	T082	C0442534
27817925	1608	1618	ecosystems	T070	C0162358
27817925	1638	1647	potential	T080	C3245505
27817925	1648	1657	phytolith	T167	C0016614
27817925	1658	1673	C sequestration	T067	C2936300
27817925	1677	1687	grasslands	T082	C0442534
27817925	1753	1763	estimation	T081	C0750572
27817925	1773	1777	ANPP	T081	C0033269
27817925	1824	1832	research	T062	C0035168
27817925	1836	1845	phytolith	T167	C0016614
27817925	1850	1856	phytOC	T196	C0007009
27817925	1857	1869	distribution	T169	C1704711
27817925	1874	1878	flux	T070	C2348693
27817925	1887	1892	above	T082	C1254362
27817925	1897	1909	below ground	T082	C1254362
27817925	1910	1921	plant parts	T002	C0243055
27817925	1926	1937	quantifying	T081	C1709793
27817925	1942	1951	phytolith	T167	C0016614
27817925	1952	1967	C sequestration	T067	C2936300

27818328|t|Clinical Features of Smokers With Radiological Emphysema But Without Airway Limitation
27818328|a|The clinical characteristics of patients with emphysema but without airway limitations remain unknown. The goal of this study was to compare the clinical features of current and former smokers without airflow limitation who have radiologic emphysema on chest CT scans vs a control group of current and ex-smokers without emphysema. Subjects enrolled had anthropometric characteristics recorded, provided a medical history, and underwent low-dose chest CT scanning. The following parameters were also evaluated: pulmonary function tests including diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (Dlco), the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score, COPD assessment test (CAT), and 6-min walk test (6MWT). A comparison was conducted between those with and without CT - confirmed emphysema. Of the 203 subjects, 154 had emphysema, and 49 did not. Adjusted group comparisons revealed that a higher proportion of patients with emphysema according to low-dose chest CT scanning had an abnormal Dlco value (< 80%) (46% vs 19%; P = .02), a decrease in percentage of oxygen saturation > 4% during the 6MWT (8.5% vs 0; P = .04), and an altered quality of life (CAT score ≥ 10) (32% vs 14%; P = .01). A detailed analysis of the CAT questionnaire items revealed that more patients with emphysema had a score ≥ 1 in the " chest tightness " (P = .05) and " limitation when doing activities at home " (P < .01) items compared with those with no emphysema. They also experienced significantly more exacerbations in the previous year (0.19 vs 0.04; P = .02). A significant proportion of smokers with emphysema according to low-dose chest CT scanning but without airway limitation had alterations in their quality of life, number of exacerbations, Dlco values, and oxygen saturation during the 6MWT test.
27818328	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
27818328	9	17	Features	T080	C2348519
27818328	21	28	Smokers	T033	C0337664
27818328	34	46	Radiological	T060	C0807679
27818328	47	56	Emphysema	T047	C0034067
27818328	69	75	Airway	T023	C0458827
27818328	76	86	Limitation	T169	C0449295
27818328	91	115	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27818328	119	127	patients	T101	C0030705
27818328	133	142	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27818328	155	161	airway	T023	C0458827
27818328	162	173	limitations	T169	C0449295
27818328	181	188	unknown	T080	C0439673
27818328	194	198	goal	T170	C0018017
27818328	207	212	study	T062	C2603343
27818328	220	227	compare	T052	C1707455
27818328	232	240	clinical	T080	C0205210
27818328	241	249	features	T080	C2348519
27818328	253	260	current	T033	C3241966
27818328	265	279	former smokers	T033	C0337671
27818328	288	295	airflow	T039	C0231999
27818328	296	306	limitation	T169	C0449295
27818328	316	326	radiologic	T060	C0807679
27818328	327	336	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27818328	340	354	chest CT scans	T060	C0202823
27818328	360	373	control group	T096	C0009932
27818328	377	384	current	T033	C3241966
27818328	389	399	ex-smokers	T033	C0337671
27818328	408	417	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27818328	419	427	Subjects	T096	C0681850
27818328	441	471	anthropometric characteristics	T060	C2459906
27818328	482	490	provided	T052	C1999230
27818328	493	508	medical history	T033	C0262926
27818328	524	532	low-dose	T081	C0445550
27818328	533	550	chest CT scanning	T060	C0202823
27818328	566	576	parameters	T033	C0449381
27818328	598	622	pulmonary function tests	T060	C0024119
27818328	633	671	diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide	T060	C1516251
27818328	673	677	Dlco	T060	C1516251
27818328	693	731	Medical Research Council dyspnea score	T170	C4288768
27818328	733	753	COPD assessment test	T170	C4284282
27818328	755	758	CAT	T170	C4284282
27818328	765	780	6-min walk test	T060	C0430515
27818328	782	786	6MWT	T060	C0430515
27818328	791	801	comparison	T052	C1707455
27818328	847	849	CT	T060	C0040405
27818328	852	861	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27818328	862	871	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27818328	884	892	subjects	T096	C0681850
27818328	902	911	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27818328	938	943	group	T098	C2348561
27818328	944	955	comparisons	T052	C1707455
27818328	956	964	revealed	T080	C0443289
27818328	979	989	proportion	T081	C1709707
27818328	993	1001	patients	T101	C0030705
27818328	1007	1016	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27818328	1030	1038	low-dose	T081	C0445550
27818328	1039	1056	chest CT scanning	T060	C0202823
27818328	1064	1077	abnormal Dlco	T033	C4073173
27818328	1078	1083	value	T081	C1522609
27818328	1117	1125	decrease	T081	C0547047
27818328	1129	1139	percentage	T081	C0439165
27818328	1143	1160	oxygen saturation	T044	C0369768
27818328	1177	1181	6MWT	T060	C0430515
27818328	1211	1218	altered	T169	C0392747
27818328	1219	1234	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27818328	1236	1239	CAT	T170	C4284282
27818328	1240	1245	score	T081	C0449820
27818328	1286	1294	analysis	T062	C0936012
27818328	1302	1319	CAT questionnaire	T170	C4284282
27818328	1326	1334	revealed	T080	C0443289
27818328	1345	1353	patients	T101	C0030705
27818328	1359	1368	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27818328	1375	1380	score	T081	C0449820
27818328	1394	1409	chest tightness	T184	C0232292
27818328	1428	1438	limitation	T169	C0449295
27818328	1450	1460	activities	T052	C0441655
27818328	1464	1468	home	T082	C0442519
27818328	1487	1495	compared	T052	C1707455
27818328	1512	1524	no emphysema	T033	C0243095
27818328	1567	1580	exacerbations	T033	C4086268
27818328	1597	1601	year	T079	C0439234
27818328	1629	1640	significant	T078	C0750502
27818328	1641	1651	proportion	T081	C1709707
27818328	1655	1662	smokers	T033	C0337664
27818328	1668	1677	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27818328	1691	1699	low-dose	T081	C0445550
27818328	1700	1717	chest CT scanning	T060	C0202823
27818328	1730	1736	airway	T023	C0458827
27818328	1737	1747	limitation	T169	C0449295
27818328	1752	1763	alterations	T078	C1515926
27818328	1773	1788	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27818328	1800	1813	exacerbations	T033	C4086268
27818328	1815	1819	Dlco	T060	C1516251
27818328	1820	1826	values	T081	C1522609
27818328	1832	1849	oxygen saturation	T044	C0369768
27818328	1861	1870	6MWT test	T060	C0430515

27818984|t|Posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint: report of two cases
27818984|a|The authors report the cases of two young patients who had suffered a sporting accident with posterior traumatic dislocation of sternoclavicular joint. In one of the patients closed reduction was accomplished by keeping the limb in a sling. The second patient, after reduction was done, presented recurrence of the dislocation, thus requiring surgical treatment. It is important to observe the relevance of computed tomography to help diagnosing, as well as monitoring the reduction procedure. The objective of this study was to demonstrate two different types of treatment in a rare injury such as the posterior dislocation of sternoclavicular joint.
27818984	0	21	Posterior dislocation	T037	C1265659
27818984	29	51	sternoclavicular joint	T030	C0038291
27818984	53	59	report	T170	C0684224
27818984	67	72	cases	T169	C0868928
27818984	85	91	report	T170	C0684224
27818984	96	101	cases	T169	C0868928
27818984	109	114	young	T079	C0332239
27818984	115	123	patients	T101	C0030705
27818984	143	160	sporting accident	T037	C0337205
27818984	166	197	posterior traumatic dislocation	T037	C1265659
27818984	201	223	sternoclavicular joint	T030	C0038291
27818984	239	247	patients	T101	C0030705
27818984	248	264	closed reduction	T061	C0185500
27818984	297	301	limb	T023	C0015385
27818984	307	312	sling	T074	C0183346
27818984	325	332	patient	T101	C0030705
27818984	340	349	reduction	T061	C1293152
27818984	370	380	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27818984	388	399	dislocation	T037	C1265659
27818984	416	434	surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
27818984	467	476	relevance	T080	C2347946
27818984	480	499	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27818984	508	518	diagnosing	T062	C1704656
27818984	546	565	reduction procedure	T061	C1293152
27818984	589	594	study	T062	C2603343
27818984	637	646	treatment	T061	C0087111
27818984	652	656	rare	T080	C0522498
27818984	657	663	injury	T037	C3263722
27818984	676	697	posterior dislocation	T037	C1265659
27818984	701	723	sternoclavicular joint	T030	C0038291

27818989|t|SimAlba: A Spatial Microsimulation Approach to the Analysis of Health Inequalities
27818989|a|This paper presents applied geographical research based on a spatial microsimulation model, SimAlba, aimed at estimating geographically sensitive health variables in Scotland. SimAlba has been developed in order to answer a variety of " what-if" policy questions pertaining to health policy in Scotland. Using the SimAlba model, it is possible to simulate the distributions of previously unknown variables at the small area level such as smoking, alcohol consumption, mental well-being, and obesity. The SimAlba microdataset has been created by combining Scottish Health Survey and Census data using a deterministic reweighting spatial microsimulation algorithm developed for this purpose. The paper presents SimAlba outputs for Scotland's largest city, Glasgow, and examines the spatial distribution of the simulated variables for small geographical areas in Glasgow as well as the effects on individuals of different policy scenario outcomes. In simulating previously unknown spatial data, a wealth of new perspectives can be examined and explored. This paper explores a small set of those potential avenues of research and shows the power of spatial microsimulation modeling in an urban context.
27818989	0	7	SimAlba	UnknownType	C0681943
27818989	11	43	Spatial Microsimulation Approach	UnknownType	C0681943
27818989	51	59	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27818989	63	82	Health Inequalities	T080	C1955989
27818989	103	132	applied geographical research	T062	C0242481
27818989	144	173	spatial microsimulation model	UnknownType	C0681943
27818989	175	182	SimAlba	UnknownType	C0681943
27818989	204	218	geographically	T082	C1517526
27818989	219	228	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27818989	229	235	health	T078	C0018684
27818989	236	245	variables	T080	C0439828
27818989	249	257	Scotland	T083	C0036453
27818989	259	266	SimAlba	UnknownType	C0681943
27818989	298	304	answer	T170	C1706817
27818989	307	314	variety	T077	C2346866
27818989	320	335	what-if" policy	T170	C0242456
27818989	336	345	questions	T170	C1522634
27818989	360	373	health policy	T089	C0018735
27818989	377	385	Scotland	T083	C0036453
27818989	397	410	SimAlba model	UnknownType	C0681943
27818989	430	438	simulate	T062	C0679083
27818989	443	456	distributions	T169	C1704711
27818989	460	470	previously	T079	C0205156
27818989	471	478	unknown	T080	C0439673
27818989	479	488	variables	T080	C0439828
27818989	496	512	small area level	T062	C0085564
27818989	521	528	smoking	T055	C0037369
27818989	530	549	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
27818989	551	568	mental well-being	T033	C0424578
27818989	574	581	obesity	T047	C0028754
27818989	587	607	SimAlba microdataset	UnknownType	C0681943
27818989	638	660	Scottish Health Survey	T062	C0018762
27818989	665	671	Census	T081	C0007663
27818989	672	676	data	T078	C1511726
27818989	711	744	spatial microsimulation algorithm	T170	C0002045
27818989	764	771	purpose	T169	C1285529
27818989	792	799	SimAlba	UnknownType	C0681943
27818989	812	822	Scotland's	T083	C0036453
27818989	823	830	largest	T081	C0443228
27818989	831	835	city	T083	C0008848
27818989	837	844	Glasgow	UnknownType	C0681784
27818989	863	883	spatial distribution	T082	C0037775
27818989	891	900	simulated	T062	C0679083
27818989	901	910	variables	T080	C0439828
27818989	915	920	small	T081	C0700321
27818989	921	939	geographical areas	UnknownType	C0681784
27818989	943	950	Glasgow	UnknownType	C0681784
27818989	966	973	effects	T080	C1280500
27818989	977	988	individuals	T098	C0027361
27818989	992	1001	different	T080	C1705242
27818989	1002	1008	policy	T170	C0242456
27818989	1009	1017	scenario	T169	C0683579
27818989	1018	1026	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27818989	1031	1041	simulating	T062	C0679083
27818989	1042	1052	previously	T079	C0205156
27818989	1053	1060	unknown	T080	C0439673
27818989	1061	1073	spatial data	T062	C0814926
27818989	1077	1083	wealth	T080	C0699759
27818989	1087	1090	new	T080	C0205314
27818989	1111	1119	examined	T033	C0332128
27818989	1124	1132	explored	T033	C0243095
27818989	1145	1153	explores	T033	C0243095
27818989	1156	1161	small	T081	C0700321
27818989	1175	1184	potential	T080	C3245505
27818989	1196	1204	research	T062	C0035168
27818989	1219	1224	power	T081	C3854080
27818989	1228	1260	spatial microsimulation modeling	UnknownType	C0681943
27818989	1267	1272	urban	T080	C2700386
27818989	1273	1280	context	T078	C0449255

27819344|t|Anti-tumor activity of SL4 against breast cancer cells: induction of G2/M arrest through modulation of the MAPK -dependent p21 signaling pathway
27819344|a|SL4, a chalcone -based compound, has been shown to retard tumor invasion and angiogenesis by suppressing HIF1 activity and to induce apoptosis by promoting ROS release. Here, we report that SL4 is able to inhibit the proliferation of different types of breast cancer cell in vitro and in vivo by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest. Our results showed that SL4 exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity in several human breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values lower than 1.3 μM. Further studies indicated that SL4 induced G2/M arrest in these cell lines. Mechanistically, SL4 reduces the expression of cyclin A2 and cdc25C and decreases the activity of the cdc2 / cyclin B1 complex. Notably, SL4 treatment resulted in an obvious increase in p21 mRNA and protein levels through activation of MAPK signaling pathways, but not the TGF-β pathway. SP600125 and PD98059, specific inhibitors of JNK kinase and ERK kinase, significantly blocked the SL4 - induced G2/M phase arrest and upregulation of p21. Furthermore, SL4 suppressed the growth of established breast tumors in nude mice through upregulation of p21 and downregulation of cdc25C, and displayed a good safety profile. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential value of SL4 as a novel multi-target anti-tumor drug candidate.
27819344	0	19	Anti-tumor activity	T042	C1516031
27819344	23	26	SL4	T109	C4278992
27819344	35	54	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27819344	56	65	induction	T169	C0205263
27819344	69	80	G2/M arrest	T044	C1517345
27819344	89	99	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27819344	107	111	MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
27819344	123	126	p21	T116,T123	C0288472
27819344	127	144	signaling pathway	T043	C0037083
27819344	145	148	SL4	T109	C4278992
27819344	152	160	chalcone	T109	C0007935
27819344	168	176	compound	T103	C1706082
27819344	196	202	retard	T080	C0521111
27819344	203	217	tumor invasion	T033	C1269955
27819344	222	234	angiogenesis	T191	C1519670
27819344	238	249	suppressing	T169	C1260953
27819344	250	254	HIF1	T116,T123	C0215848
27819344	255	263	activity	T052	C0441655
27819344	271	277	induce	T169	C0205263
27819344	278	287	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27819344	291	300	promoting	T052	C0033414
27819344	301	304	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27819344	305	312	release	T169	C1283071
27819344	323	329	report	T170	C0684224
27819344	335	338	SL4	T109	C4278992
27819344	350	357	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27819344	362	375	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27819344	379	388	different	T080	C1705242
27819344	389	394	types	T080	C0332307
27819344	398	416	breast cancer cell	T025	C1512505
27819344	417	425	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27819344	430	437	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27819344	441	449	inducing	T169	C0205263
27819344	450	472	G2/M cell cycle arrest	T044	C1517345
27819344	478	485	results	T033	C0683954
27819344	498	501	SL4	T109	C4278992
27819344	502	511	exhibited	T169	C0870432
27819344	512	518	strong	T080	C0442821
27819344	519	537	anti-proliferative	T109,T121	C0003392
27819344	538	546	activity	T052	C0441655
27819344	558	563	human	T016	C0086418
27819344	564	577	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27819344	578	588	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27819344	595	606	IC50 values	T081	C0600495
27819344	607	612	lower	T052	C2003888
27819344	634	641	studies	T062	C2603343
27819344	642	651	indicated	T033	C1444656
27819344	657	660	SL4	T109	C4278992
27819344	661	668	induced	T169	C0205263
27819344	669	680	G2/M arrest	T044	C1517345
27819344	690	700	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27819344	702	717	Mechanistically	T022	C0598002
27819344	719	722	SL4	T109	C4278992
27819344	723	730	reduces	T080	C0392756
27819344	735	745	expression	T045	C0017262
27819344	749	758	cyclin A2	T116,T123	C0297674
27819344	763	769	cdc25C	T116,T126	C0213045
27819344	774	783	decreases	T081	C0547047
27819344	788	796	activity	T044	C1537044
27819344	804	808	cdc2	T116,T126	C0080054
27819344	811	820	cyclin B1	T116,T123	C0385333
27819344	821	828	complex	T104	C1704241
27819344	839	842	SL4	T109	C4278992
27819344	843	852	treatment	T061	C1533734
27819344	853	864	resulted in	T169	C0332294
27819344	876	884	increase	T169	C0442805
27819344	888	891	p21	T028	C0249197
27819344	892	896	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27819344	901	908	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27819344	909	915	levels	T080	C0441889
27819344	924	934	activation	T043	C2259058
27819344	938	961	MAPK signaling pathways	T043	C1518102
27819344	975	988	TGF-β pathway	T044	C1155363
27819344	990	998	SP600125	T109,T121	C0968383
27819344	1003	1010	PD98059	T109,T121	C0298346
27819344	1021	1031	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27819344	1035	1045	JNK kinase	T116,T126	C0291988
27819344	1050	1060	ERK kinase	T116,T126	C0600388
27819344	1062	1075	significantly	T078	C0750502
27819344	1076	1083	blocked	T169	C0332206
27819344	1088	1091	SL4	T109	C4278992
27819344	1094	1101	induced	T169	C0205263
27819344	1102	1119	G2/M phase arrest	T044	C1517345
27819344	1124	1136	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27819344	1140	1143	p21	T116,T123	C0288472
27819344	1158	1161	SL4	T109	C4278992
27819344	1162	1172	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27819344	1177	1183	growth	T043	C0007595
27819344	1187	1198	established	T080	C0443211
27819344	1199	1212	breast tumors	T191	C1458155
27819344	1216	1225	nude mice	T015	C0025932
27819344	1234	1246	upregulation	T044	C0041904
27819344	1250	1253	p21	T116,T123	C0288472
27819344	1258	1272	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27819344	1276	1282	cdc25C	T116,T126	C0213045
27819344	1288	1297	displayed	T169	C0870432
27819344	1305	1311	safety	T068	C0036043
27819344	1312	1319	profile	T169	C2003903
27819344	1343	1351	findings	T033	C0243095
27819344	1352	1363	demonstrate	T080	C0443211
27819344	1368	1377	potential	T080	C3245505
27819344	1378	1383	value	T080	C1264628
27819344	1387	1390	SL4	T109	C4278992
27819344	1402	1440	multi-target anti-tumor drug candidate	T109,T121	C0003392

27819740|t|Frequency distribution of interleukin-10 haplotypes (-1082 A>G, -819 C>T, and -592 C>A) in a Mexican population
27819740|a|Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an immunoregulatory cytokine with multiple roles in the immune system. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms at positions -1082 (A>G), -819 (C>T), and -592 (C>A) in the promoter region of the IL10 gene are believed to be associated with different inflammatory, infectious, and autoimmune diseases. These polymorphisms exhibit a strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) and form three principal haplotypes (GCC, ACC, and ATA). The GCC and ATA haplotypes have been associated with high and low levels of IL-10 production, respectively. The aim of this study was to establish the allele and haplotype frequencies of the IL10 polymorphisms in Mestizos from western Mexico. SNPs were analyzed in 340 healthy unrelated Mestizos from western Mexico by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism. The studied population presented significant differences, in the distribution of IL10 polymorphisms, from the Asian, African, and European populations. We also observed a strong LD within -1082 A>G, -819 C>T, and -592 C>A (100% pc = 7.735 x 10(-18)). The haplotypes ACC (45.4%), ATA (22.0%), GTA (14.9%), and GCC (13.9%) were most frequently observed in this population. The haplotype frequencies, however, differed from those reported previously in Mestizos from central Mexico, Asians, Africans, and European Caucasians, suggesting a differential gene flow in the Mexican Mestizo population. This could account for the genetic variability between Mexicans and populations of other ethnicities. The study of these polymorphisms and their haplotypes could help in expanding our knowledge to design future disease - risk studies on the western Mexican population.
27819740	0	22	Frequency distribution	T081	C0237580
27819740	26	40	interleukin-10	T028	C1334098
27819740	41	51	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
27819740	53	62	-1082 A>G	T086	C0752046
27819740	64	72	-819 C>T	T086	C0752046
27819740	78	86	-592 C>A	T086	C0752046
27819740	93	100	Mexican	T098	C0240339
27819740	101	111	population	T098	C1257890
27819740	112	126	Interleukin 10	T116,T129	C0085295
27819740	128	133	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27819740	141	166	immunoregulatory cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27819740	194	207	immune system	T022	C0020962
27819740	215	246	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27819740	260	271	-1082 (A>G)	T086	C0752046
27819740	273	283	-819 (C>T)	T086	C0752046
27819740	289	299	-592 (C>A)	T086	C0752046
27819740	307	322	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
27819740	330	339	IL10 gene	T028	C1334098
27819740	359	374	associated with	T080	C0332281
27819740	385	397	inflammatory	T047	C1290884
27819740	399	409	infectious	T047	C0009450
27819740	415	434	autoimmune diseases	T047	C0004364
27819740	442	455	polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27819740	473	495	linkage disequilibrium	T081	C0023746
27819740	497	499	LD	T081	C0023746
27819740	526	536	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
27819740	538	541	GCC	T032	C0018591
27819740	543	546	ACC	T032	C0018591
27819740	552	555	ATA	T032	C0018591
27819740	562	565	GCC	T032	C0018591
27819740	570	584	ATA haplotypes	T032	C0018591
27819740	624	630	levels	T080	C0441889
27819740	634	639	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27819740	682	687	study	T062	C2603343
27819740	709	715	allele	T081	C0017270
27819740	720	729	haplotype	T032	C0018591
27819740	730	741	frequencies	T081	C1705502
27819740	749	753	IL10	T028	C1334098
27819740	754	767	polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27819740	771	779	Mestizos	UnknownType	C0682082
27819740	785	799	western Mexico	T083	C0025885
27819740	801	805	SNPs	T086	C0752046
27819740	811	819	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27819740	827	834	healthy	T080	C3898900
27819740	835	844	unrelated	T033	C0445356
27819740	845	853	Mestizos	UnknownType	C0682082
27819740	859	873	western Mexico	T083	C0025885
27819740	877	902	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27819740	905	945	restriction fragment length polymorphism	T059	C3714764
27819740	959	969	population	T098	C1257890
27819740	1012	1024	distribution	T081	C0237580
27819740	1028	1032	IL10	T028	C1334098
27819740	1033	1046	polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27819740	1057	1062	Asian	T098	C0078988
27819740	1064	1071	African	T098	C0027567
27819740	1077	1085	European	T098	C1535514
27819740	1086	1097	populations	T098	C1257890
27819740	1125	1127	LD	T081	C0023746
27819740	1135	1144	-1082 A>G	T086	C0752046
27819740	1146	1154	-819 C>T	T086	C0752046
27819740	1160	1168	-592 C>A	T086	C0752046
27819740	1202	1212	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
27819740	1213	1216	ACC	T032	C0018591
27819740	1226	1229	ATA	T032	C0018591
27819740	1239	1242	GTA	T032	C0018591
27819740	1256	1259	GCC	T032	C0018591
27819740	1306	1316	population	T098	C1257890
27819740	1322	1331	haplotype	T032	C0018591
27819740	1332	1343	frequencies	T081	C1705502
27819740	1397	1405	Mestizos	UnknownType	C0682082
27819740	1411	1425	central Mexico	T083	C0025885
27819740	1427	1433	Asians	T098	C0078988
27819740	1435	1443	Africans	T098	C0027567
27819740	1449	1457	European	T098	C1535514
27819740	1458	1468	Caucasians	T098	C0043157
27819740	1496	1505	gene flow	T045	C1565556
27819740	1513	1520	Mexican	T098	C0240339
27819740	1521	1528	Mestizo	UnknownType	C0682082
27819740	1529	1539	population	T098	C1257890
27819740	1568	1575	genetic	T169	C0314603
27819740	1576	1587	variability	T077	C2827666
27819740	1596	1604	Mexicans	T098	C0240339
27819740	1609	1620	populations	T098	C1257890
27819740	1630	1641	ethnicities	T098	C0015031
27819740	1647	1652	study	T062	C2603343
27819740	1662	1675	polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27819740	1686	1696	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
27819740	1752	1759	disease	T047	C0012634
27819740	1762	1766	risk	T078	C0035647
27819740	1767	1774	studies	T062	C2603343
27819740	1782	1797	western Mexican	T098	C0240339
27819740	1798	1808	population	T098	C1257890

27820159|t|Using a graphical risk tool to examine willingness to take migraine prophylactic medications
27820159|a|Many migraine sufferers use daily prophylactic therapy to reduce the frequency of their headache attacks. The Food and Drug Administration has approved several different medications for migraine prophylaxis, but it is not clear whether sufferers perceive these treatments to provide clinically significant benefits given their side effect profiles. Three hundred headache sufferers were recruited from the community and local headache clinics using print and television advertising. Participants reported experiencing problematic headache attacks with a median (IQR) frequency of 7.0 (4-13) headache days per month. These sufferers participated in a cross-sectional, single-site, study that used a specially designed computer assessment task. Participants were instructed on the probability of experiencing the 3 most commonly experienced side effects for several blinded medication profiles: divalproex sodium, venlafaxine, gabapentin, propranolol, and topiramate. After learning the likelihood of experiencing side effect profiles of each medication, participants were asked whether they would be willing to take the medication for a given headache reduction level, which ranged from 0 to 7 days per month. The side effect profile for divalproex sodium was associated with the smallest willingness to take, with gabapentin, propranolol, and topiramate perceived to be much more agreeable. However, <60% of participants reported willingness to take any of these medications even if they provided a 50% reduction in headache frequency. Several general predictors of willingness to take were observed including high headache -related disability, depressive symptoms, and pain medication concerns including fear of tolerance. These findings suggest that if properly informed of the side effect profiles of these medications, many patients might opt for other treatments.
27820159	8	27	graphical risk tool	T058	C1254363
27820159	39	58	willingness to take	T033	C0243095
27820159	59	67	migraine	T047	C0149931
27820159	68	80	prophylactic	T061	C0199176
27820159	81	92	medications	T121	C0013227
27820159	98	106	migraine	T047	C0149931
27820159	107	116	sufferers	T101	C0030705
27820159	121	126	daily	T079	C0332173
27820159	127	147	prophylactic therapy	T061	C0199176
27820159	162	171	frequency	T079	C0439603
27820159	181	189	headache	T184	C0018681
27820159	203	231	Food and Drug Administration	T093	C0041714
27820159	236	244	approved	T080	C0205540
27820159	245	252	several	T081	C0439064
27820159	263	274	medications	T121	C0013227
27820159	279	287	migraine	T047	C0149931
27820159	288	299	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
27820159	329	338	sufferers	T101	C0030705
27820159	354	364	treatments	T061	C0087111
27820159	376	398	clinically significant	T078	C0750502
27820159	399	407	benefits	T081	C0814225
27820159	420	431	side effect	T046	C0879626
27820159	432	440	profiles	T059	C1979963
27820159	456	464	headache	T184	C0018681
27820159	465	474	sufferers	T101	C0030705
27820159	499	508	community	T096	C0009462
27820159	513	518	local	T082	C0205276
27820159	519	527	headache	T184	C0018681
27820159	528	535	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27820159	542	547	print	T057	C0033161
27820159	552	562	television	T073	C0039461
27820159	563	574	advertising	T057	C0001690
27820159	576	588	Participants	T098	C0679646
27820159	623	631	headache	T184	C0018681
27820159	647	653	median	T081	C0876920
27820159	660	669	frequency	T079	C0439603
27820159	684	692	headache	T184	C0018681
27820159	693	707	days per month	T079	C0556971
27820159	715	724	sufferers	T101	C0030705
27820159	743	778	cross-sectional, single-site, study	T062	C0010362
27820159	836	848	Participants	T098	C0679646
27820159	872	883	probability	T081	C0033204
27820159	932	944	side effects	T046	C0879626
27820159	949	956	several	T081	C0439064
27820159	957	964	blinded	T062	C0150108
27820159	965	975	medication	T121	C0013227
27820159	976	984	profiles	T059	C1979963
27820159	986	1003	divalproex sodium	T109,T121	C0886883
27820159	1005	1016	venlafaxine	T109,T121	C0078569
27820159	1018	1028	gabapentin	T109,T121	C0060926
27820159	1030	1041	propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
27820159	1047	1057	topiramate	T109,T121	C0076829
27820159	1078	1088	likelihood	T081	C0033204
27820159	1105	1116	side effect	T046	C0879626
27820159	1117	1125	profiles	T059	C1979963
27820159	1134	1144	medication	T121	C0013227
27820159	1146	1158	participants	T098	C0679646
27820159	1192	1207	willing to take	T033	C0243095
27820159	1212	1222	medication	T121	C0013227
27820159	1235	1243	headache	T184	C0018681
27820159	1244	1253	reduction	T080	C0392756
27820159	1254	1259	level	T080	C0441889
27820159	1286	1300	days per month	T079	C0556971
27820159	1306	1317	side effect	T046	C0879626
27820159	1318	1325	profile	T059	C1979963
27820159	1330	1347	divalproex sodium	T109,T121	C0886883
27820159	1352	1367	associated with	T080	C0332281
27820159	1372	1400	smallest willingness to take	T033	C0243095
27820159	1407	1417	gabapentin	T109,T121	C0060926
27820159	1419	1430	propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
27820159	1436	1446	topiramate	T109,T121	C0076829
27820159	1501	1513	participants	T098	C0679646
27820159	1523	1542	willingness to take	T033	C0243095
27820159	1556	1567	medications	T121	C0013227
27820159	1596	1605	reduction	T080	C0392756
27820159	1609	1617	headache	T184	C0018681
27820159	1618	1627	frequency	T079	C0439603
27820159	1629	1636	Several	T081	C0439064
27820159	1645	1655	predictors	T078	C2698872
27820159	1659	1678	willingness to take	T033	C0243095
27820159	1703	1707	high	T080	C0205250
27820159	1708	1716	headache	T184	C0018681
27820159	1726	1736	disability	T033	C0231170
27820159	1738	1757	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
27820159	1763	1778	pain medication	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27820159	1779	1787	concerns	T078	C2699424
27820159	1798	1802	fear	T041	C0015726
27820159	1806	1815	tolerance	T041	C0220929
27820159	1823	1831	findings	T033	C0243095
27820159	1857	1865	informed	T080	C1522154
27820159	1873	1884	side effect	T046	C0879626
27820159	1885	1893	profiles	T059	C1979963
27820159	1903	1914	medications	T121	C0013227
27820159	1921	1929	patients	T101	C0030705
27820159	1950	1960	treatments	T061	C0087111

27820849|t|Genome-Wide Detection of Selective Signatures in Chicken through High Density SNPs
27820849|a|Chicken is recognized as an excellent model for studies of genetic mechanism of phenotypic and genomic evolution, with large effective population size and strong human -driven selection. In the present study, we performed Extended Haplotype Homozygosity (EHH) tests to identify significant core regions employing 600K SNP Chicken chip in an F2 population of 1,534 hens, which was derived from reciprocal crosses between White Leghorn and Dongxiang chicken. Results indicated that a total of 49,151 core regions with an average length of 9.79 Kb were identified, which occupied approximately 52.15% of genome across all autosomes, and 806 significant core regions attracted us mostly. Genes in candidate regions may experience positive selection and were considered to have possible influence on beneficial economic traits. A panel of genes including AASDHPPT, GDPD5, PAR3, SOX6, GPC1 and a signal pathway of AKT1 were detected with the most extreme P-values. Further enrichment analyses indicated that these genes were associated with immune function, sensory organ development and neurogenesis, and may have experienced positive selection in chicken. Moreover, some of core regions exactly overlapped with genes excavated in our previous GWAS, suggesting that these genes have undergone positive selection may affect egg production. Findings in our study could draw a comparatively integrate genome-wide map of selection signature in the chicken genome, and would be worthy for explicating the genetic mechanisms of phenotypic diversity in poultry breeding.
27820849	0	21	Genome-Wide Detection	T063	C2350277
27820849	25	45	Selective Signatures	T045	C0017393
27820849	49	56	Chicken	T012	C0008051
27820849	65	82	High Density SNPs	T086	C0752046
27820849	83	90	Chicken	T012	C0008051
27820849	121	126	model	T075	C0026339
27820849	142	149	genetic	T169	C0314603
27820849	150	159	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27820849	163	173	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27820849	178	185	genomic	T028	C0017428
27820849	186	195	evolution	T045	C0015219
27820849	218	233	population size	T081	C0032683
27820849	245	250	human	T016	C0086418
27820849	259	268	selection	T052	C1707391
27820849	305	336	Extended Haplotype Homozygosity	UnknownType	C0545278
27820849	338	341	EHH	UnknownType	C0545278
27820849	373	385	core regions	T086	C0004793
27820849	401	404	SNP	T086	C0752046
27820849	405	412	Chicken	T012	C0008051
27820849	413	417	chip	T063	C3897601
27820849	424	437	F2 population	T078	C0441833
27820849	447	451	hens	T012	C0005595
27820849	476	494	reciprocal crosses	T059,T063	C0010364
27820849	503	516	White Leghorn	T012	C0008051
27820849	521	538	Dongxiang chicken	T012	C0008051
27820849	581	593	core regions	T086	C0004793
27820849	610	616	length	T081	C1444754
27820849	633	643	identified	T080	C0205396
27820849	684	690	genome	T028	C0017428
27820849	702	711	autosomes	T026	C0596142
27820849	733	745	core regions	T086	C0004793
27820849	767	772	Genes	T028	C0017337
27820849	776	793	candidate regions	T086	C0004793
27820849	809	827	positive selection	T059	C2347644
27820849	889	904	economic traits	T080	C0205556
27820849	908	913	panel	T078	C0441833
27820849	917	922	genes	T028	C0017337
27820849	933	941	AASDHPPT	T028	C1422497
27820849	943	948	GDPD5	T028	C1539559
27820849	950	954	PAR3	T028	C1414507
27820849	956	960	SOX6	T028	C1424266
27820849	962	966	GPC1	T028	C1415193
27820849	973	987	signal pathway	T044	C0037080
27820849	991	995	AKT1	T028	C0812228
27820849	1001	1009	detected	T033	C0442726
27820849	1032	1040	P-values	T081	C1709380
27820849	1050	1069	enrichment analyses	T062	C0936012
27820849	1091	1096	genes	T028	C0017337
27820849	1102	1117	associated with	T080	C0332281
27820849	1118	1133	immune function	T042	C1817756
27820849	1135	1160	sensory organ development	T042	C1160370
27820849	1165	1177	neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
27820849	1204	1222	positive selection	T059	C2347644
27820849	1226	1233	chicken	T012	C0008051
27820849	1253	1265	core regions	T086	C0004793
27820849	1290	1295	genes	T028	C0017337
27820849	1322	1326	GWAS	T063	C2350277
27820849	1350	1355	genes	T028	C0017337
27820849	1371	1389	positive selection	T059	C2347644
27820849	1401	1404	egg	T168	C0013710
27820849	1405	1415	production	T052	C0441655
27820849	1417	1425	Findings	T169	C2607943
27820849	1476	1491	genome-wide map	T062	C0079435
27820849	1495	1514	selection signature	T045	C0017393
27820849	1522	1529	chicken	T012	C0008051
27820849	1530	1536	genome	T028	C0017428
27820849	1578	1585	genetic	T169	C0314603
27820849	1586	1596	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27820849	1600	1610	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27820849	1611	1620	diversity	T080	C1880371
27820849	1624	1631	poultry	T012	C0032850
27820849	1632	1640	breeding	T040	C0006159

27820857|t|Identification of In-Chain-Functionalized Compounds and Methyl-Branched Alkanes in Cuticular Waxes of Triticum aestivum cv. Bethlehem
27820857|a|In this work, cuticular waxes from flag leaf blades and peduncles of Triticum aestivum cv. Bethlehem were investigated in search for novel wax compounds. Seven wax compound classes were detected that had previously not been reported, and their structures were elucidated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of various derivatives. Six of the classes were identified as series of homologs differing by two methylene units, while the seventh was a homologous series with homologs with single methylene unit differences. In the waxes of flag leaf blades, secondary alcohols (predominantly C27 and C33), primary / secondary diols (predominantly C28) and esters of primary / secondary diols (predominantly C50, combining C28 diol with C22 acid) were found, all sharing similar secondary hydroxyl group positions at and around C-12 or ω-12. 7- and 8-hydroxy-2-alkanol esters (predominantly C35), 7- and 8-oxo-2-alkanol esters (predominantly C35), and 4-alkylbutan-4-olides (predominantly C28) were found both in flag leaf and peduncle wax mixtures. Finally, a series of even - and odd-numbered alkane homologs was identified in both leaf and peduncle waxes, with an internal methyl branch preferentially on C-11 and C-13 of homologs with even total carbon number and on C-12 of odd-numbered homologs. Biosynthetic pathways are suggested for all compounds, based on common structural features and matching chain length profiles with other wheat wax compound classes.
27820857	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
27820857	18	51	In-Chain-Functionalized Compounds	T103	C1706082
27820857	56	79	Methyl-Branched Alkanes	T109	C0002065
27820857	83	92	Cuticular	T002	C2699479
27820857	93	98	Waxes	T122	C0043076
27820857	102	133	Triticum aestivum cv. Bethlehem	T002	C1123020
27820857	148	157	cuticular	T002	C2699479
27820857	158	163	waxes	T122	C0043076
27820857	169	178	flag leaf	T002	C0242724
27820857	179	185	blades	T002	C2700402
27820857	190	199	peduncles	T002	C2698753
27820857	203	234	Triticum aestivum cv. Bethlehem	T002	C1123020
27820857	240	252	investigated	T169	C1292732
27820857	267	272	novel	T080	C0205314
27820857	273	286	wax compounds	T122	C0043076
27820857	294	306	wax compound	T122	C0043076
27820857	307	314	classes	T185	C1705943
27820857	320	328	detected	T033	C0442726
27820857	378	388	structures	T170	C0220807
27820857	411	447	gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	T059	C0024868
27820857	459	470	derivatives	T104	C0243072
27820857	510	528	series of homologs	T081	C0205549
27820857	529	538	differing	T080	C1705242
27820857	542	561	two methylene units	T104	C1254350
27820857	587	604	homologous series	T081	C0205549
27820857	610	645	homologs with single methylene unit	T104	C1254350
27820857	666	671	waxes	T122	C0043076
27820857	675	684	flag leaf	T002	C0242724
27820857	685	691	blades	T002	C2700402
27820857	693	711	secondary alcohols	UnknownType	C0682927
27820857	713	726	predominantly	T080	C1542147
27820857	727	730	C27	UnknownType	C0682927
27820857	735	738	C33	UnknownType	C0682927
27820857	741	748	primary	T109	C0017951
27820857	751	766	secondary diols	T109	C0017951
27820857	768	781	predominantly	T080	C1542147
27820857	782	785	C28	T109	C0017951
27820857	791	808	esters of primary	T109	C0014898
27820857	811	826	secondary diols	T109	C0014898
27820857	828	841	predominantly	T080	C1542147
27820857	842	845	C50	T109	C0014898
27820857	857	865	C28 diol	T109	C0017945
27820857	871	879	C22 acid	T109	C0369760
27820857	913	947	secondary hydroxyl group positions	T104	C1254350
27820857	976	978	7-	T109	C0014898
27820857	983	1009	8-hydroxy-2-alkanol esters	T109	C0014898
27820857	1011	1024	predominantly	T080	C1542147
27820857	1025	1028	C35	T109	C0014898
27820857	1031	1033	7-	T109	C0014898
27820857	1038	1060	8-oxo-2-alkanol esters	T109	C0014898
27820857	1062	1075	predominantly	T080	C1542147
27820857	1076	1079	C35	T109	C0014898
27820857	1086	1107	4-alkylbutan-4-olides	T109	C0022947
27820857	1109	1122	predominantly	T080	C1542147
27820857	1123	1126	C28	T109	C0022947
27820857	1147	1156	flag leaf	T002	C0242724
27820857	1161	1169	peduncle	T002	C2698753
27820857	1170	1173	wax	T122	C0043076
27820857	1195	1201	series	T081	C0205549
27820857	1205	1209	even	T104	C1254350
27820857	1216	1244	odd-numbered alkane homologs	T104	C1254350
27820857	1268	1272	leaf	T002	C0242724
27820857	1277	1285	peduncle	T002	C2698753
27820857	1286	1291	waxes	T122	C0043076
27820857	1301	1323	internal methyl branch	T104	C1254350
27820857	1342	1346	C-11	T109	C0029224
27820857	1351	1397	C-13 of homologs with even total carbon number	T109	C0029224
27820857	1405	1434	C-12 of odd-numbered homologs	T109	C0029224
27820857	1436	1457	Biosynthetic pathways	T044	C1721101
27820857	1480	1489	compounds	T080	C0205198
27820857	1507	1517	structural	T170	C0220807
27820857	1518	1526	features	T080	C2348519
27820857	1540	1552	chain length	T081	C0596310
27820857	1553	1561	profiles	T169	C2003903
27820857	1573	1578	wheat	T002	C1510495
27820857	1579	1591	wax compound	T122	C0043076

27821210|t|Asenapine for the treatment of adults with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: results from a randomized, double-blind, fixed-dose, placebo-controlled trial with olanzapine as an active control
27821210|a|Evaluate the efficacy and safety of asenapine 2.5 mg twice daily (bid; n=97) or 5 mg bid (n=113) versus placebo (n=101) in adults with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Adults with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) schizophrenia diagnosis were randomized to asenapine 2.5 mg bid, 5 mg bid, placebo, or olanzapine 15 mg once daily. The primary objective was to test superiority of asenapine versus placebo as measured by the change from baseline to day 42 in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score. The key safety objective was to evaluate weight change in asenapine versus olanzapine at day 42. The primary efficacy endpoint was met; the difference in least squares mean change from baseline to day 42 in PANSS total score between asenapine 5 mg bid and placebo was -5.5 points (unadjusted 95% CI: -10.1, -1.0; multiplicity adjusted P=0.0356). Neither asenapine 2.5 mg bid nor olanzapine 15mg were superior to placebo. Both asenapine groups demonstrated significantly less weight gain than olanzapine at day 42. Significantly higher incidences of oral hypoesthesia and dysgeusia (combined) for asenapine 2.5 mg bid (5.2% vs 0.0%; P=0.0217) and 5 mg bid (7.1% vs 0.0%; P=0.0033) were observed versus placebo. There were no significant differences between asenapine and placebo for insomnia, extrapyramidal symptoms, akathisia, dizziness, or combination of somnolence / sedation / hypersomnia. This study supports previous efficacy and safety findings of asenapine; asenapine 5 mg bid is the lowest effective dose in adults with schizophrenia. Asenapine was associated with significantly less weight gain than olanzapine at day 42.
27821210	0	9	Asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27821210	18	27	treatment	T169	C0039798
27821210	31	37	adults	T100	C0001675
27821210	46	64	acute exacerbation	T033	C0743630
27821210	68	81	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27821210	98	108	randomized	T062	C0034656
27821210	110	122	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27821210	124	134	fixed-dose	T062	C0079816
27821210	136	154	placebo-controlled	T062	C1706408
27821210	155	160	trial	T062	C0008976
27821210	166	176	olanzapine	T109,T121	C0171023
27821210	183	197	active control	T062	C1706449
27821210	198	206	Evaluate	T058	C0220825
27821210	211	219	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27821210	224	230	safety	T080	C0678800
27821210	234	250	asenapine 2.5 mg	T200	C3893109
27821210	251	262	twice daily	T079	C0585361
27821210	264	267	bid	T079	C0585361
27821210	283	286	bid	T079	C0585361
27821210	302	309	placebo	T061	C0032042
27821210	321	327	adults	T100	C0001675
27821210	333	351	acute exacerbation	T033	C0743630
27821210	355	368	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27821210	370	376	Adults	T100	C0001675
27821210	382	435	Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders	T170	C1136324
27821210	437	451	Fourth Edition	T170	C0441797
27821210	453	477	Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR	T170	C0220952
27821210	479	492	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27821210	493	502	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27821210	508	518	randomized	T062	C0034656
27821210	522	538	asenapine 2.5 mg	T200	C3893109
27821210	539	542	bid	T079	C0585361
27821210	549	552	bid	T079	C0585361
27821210	554	561	placebo	T061	C0032042
27821210	566	582	olanzapine 15 mg	T200	C1126039
27821210	583	593	once daily	T079	C0556983
27821210	599	606	primary	T080	C0205225
27821210	607	616	objective	T170	C0018017
27821210	624	628	test	T169	C0039593
27821210	629	640	superiority	T033	C0424223
27821210	644	653	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27821210	661	668	placebo	T061	C0032042
27821210	672	680	measured	T080	C0444706
27821210	688	694	change	T169	C0392747
27821210	700	708	baseline	T081	C1442488
27821210	712	715	day	T079	C0439228
27821210	726	782	Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score	T170	C0451383
27821210	799	808	objective	T170	C0018017
27821210	816	824	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27821210	825	838	weight change	T033	C0005911
27821210	842	851	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27821210	859	869	olanzapine	T109,T121	C0171023
27821210	873	876	day	T079	C0439228
27821210	885	892	primary	T080	C0205225
27821210	893	901	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27821210	902	910	endpoint	T080	C2349179
27821210	969	977	baseline	T081	C1442488
27821210	981	984	day	T079	C0439228
27821210	991	1008	PANSS total score	T170	C0451383
27821210	1017	1031	asenapine 5 mg	T200	C2719333
27821210	1032	1035	bid	T079	C0585361
27821210	1040	1047	placebo	T061	C0032042
27821210	1065	1075	unadjusted	T169	C1439367
27821210	1097	1109	multiplicity	T081	C0449822
27821210	1110	1118	adjusted	T169	C0456081
27821210	1138	1154	asenapine 2.5 mg	T200	C3893109
27821210	1155	1158	bid	T079	C0585361
27821210	1163	1178	olanzapine 15mg	T200	C1126039
27821210	1184	1192	superior	T080	C0205556
27821210	1196	1203	placebo	T061	C0032042
27821210	1210	1219	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27821210	1254	1270	less weight gain	T033	C0043094
27821210	1276	1286	olanzapine	T109,T121	C0171023
27821210	1290	1293	day	T079	C0439228
27821210	1312	1318	higher	T080	C0205250
27821210	1319	1329	incidences	T081	C0021149
27821210	1333	1350	oral hypoesthesia	T184	C0521592
27821210	1355	1364	dysgeusia	T033	C0013378
27821210	1366	1374	combined	T080	C0205195
27821210	1380	1396	asenapine 2.5 mg	T200	C3893109
27821210	1397	1400	bid	T079	C0585361
27821210	1435	1438	bid	T079	C0585361
27821210	1485	1492	placebo	T061	C0032042
27821210	1520	1531	differences	T080	C1705242
27821210	1540	1549	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27821210	1554	1561	placebo	T061	C0032042
27821210	1566	1574	insomnia	T184	C0917801
27821210	1576	1599	extrapyramidal symptoms	T184	C0234133
27821210	1601	1610	akathisia	T184	C0392156
27821210	1612	1621	dizziness	T184	C0012833
27821210	1626	1637	combination	T080	C0205195
27821210	1641	1651	somnolence	T048	C2830004
27821210	1654	1662	sedation	T061	C0344106
27821210	1665	1676	hypersomnia	T047	C0917799
27821210	1683	1688	study	T062	C2603343
27821210	1698	1706	previous	T079	C0205156
27821210	1707	1715	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27821210	1720	1735	safety findings	T033	C0581560
27821210	1739	1748	asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27821210	1750	1764	asenapine 5 mg	T200	C2719333
27821210	1765	1768	bid	T079	C0585361
27821210	1776	1797	lowest effective dose	T034	C0429197
27821210	1801	1807	adults	T100	C0001675
27821210	1813	1826	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27821210	1828	1837	Asenapine	T109,T121	C2000088
27821210	1842	1857	associated with	T080	C0332281
27821210	1872	1888	less weight gain	T033	C0043094
27821210	1894	1904	olanzapine	T109,T121	C0171023
27821210	1908	1911	day	T079	C0439228

27821288|t|Fenretinide targets the side population in myeloma cell line NCI-H929 and potentiates the efficacy of antimyeloma with bortezomib and dexamethasone regimen
27821288|a|Side population (SP) cells, a subset of enriched tumor initiating cells, have been demonstrated to have stem cell -like properties in multiple myeloma (MM) by us as well as other previous studies. A lack of agents targeting tumor initiating cells, however, represents a challenge in the treatment of MM. Previously, fenretinide, a well-tolerated vitamin A derivative, has been shown to exert effect on leukemic stem cells, but its actions against myeloma stem-like cells are still unknown. In this study, the effects of fenretinide on myeloma stem-like cells characteristic was comprehensively examined in SP and non-SP (MP) cells of NCI-H929 cell sorted by flow cytometry -based on Hoechst 33342 stain. We find that fenretinide is capable of eradicating MM SP and MP cells, but not normal bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) at physiologically achievable concentrations. Fenretinide alone exerted a selective cytotoxic effect on MM SP cells, as well as in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone. In particular, SP cells were highly sensitive to fenretinide, and in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone in colony formation and apoptosis assays. Accordingly, the apparent fenretinide -induced- apoptosis was linked to the rapid generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, we propose that fenretinide is a potent agent that targets tumor initiating cells and may be a promising therapeutic agent in MM treatment.
27821288	0	11	Fenretinide	T109,T121	C0060197
27821288	24	39	side population	T025	C2936608
27821288	43	69	myeloma cell line NCI-H929	T025	C0333843
27821288	90	98	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27821288	102	113	antimyeloma	T033	C0243095
27821288	119	155	bortezomib and dexamethasone regimen	T061	C1879895
27821288	156	182	Side population (SP) cells	T025	C2936608
27821288	205	227	tumor initiating cells	T025	C1956421
27821288	260	269	stem cell	T025	C0038250
27821288	290	306	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
27821288	308	310	MM	T191	C0026764
27821288	380	402	tumor initiating cells	T025	C1956421
27821288	443	452	treatment	T061	C0087111
27821288	456	458	MM	T191	C0026764
27821288	472	483	fenretinide	T109,T121	C0060197
27821288	502	522	vitamin A derivative	T109,T121,T127	C0042839
27821288	558	577	leukemic stem cells	T025	C1517806
27821288	603	626	myeloma stem-like cells	T025	C0333843
27821288	676	687	fenretinide	T109,T121	C0060197
27821288	691	714	myeloma stem-like cells	T025	C0333843
27821288	762	764	SP	T025	C2936608
27821288	769	786	non-SP (MP) cells	T025	C0334227
27821288	790	803	NCI-H929 cell	T025	C0333843
27821288	814	828	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27821288	839	858	Hoechst 33342 stain	T121	C0062907
27821288	873	884	fenretinide	T109,T121	C0060197
27821288	911	913	MM	T191	C0026764
27821288	914	916	SP	T025	C2936608
27821288	921	929	MP cells	T025	C0334227
27821288	946	975	bone marrow mononuclear cells	T025	C2738404
27821288	977	982	BMMCs	T025	C2738404
27821288	1030	1041	Fenretinide	T109,T121	C0060197
27821288	1068	1084	cytotoxic effect	T169	C1511636
27821288	1088	1090	MM	T191	C0026764
27821288	1091	1093	SP	T025	C2936608
27821288	1132	1160	bortezomib and dexamethasone	T061	C1879895
27821288	1177	1179	SP	T025	C2936608
27821288	1191	1207	highly sensitive	T080	C0439822
27821288	1211	1222	fenretinide	T109,T121	C0060197
27821288	1248	1276	bortezomib and dexamethasone	T061	C1879895
27821288	1280	1296	colony formation	T081	C0553561
27821288	1301	1310	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27821288	1311	1317	assays	T059	C0005507
27821288	1345	1356	fenretinide	T109,T121	C0060197
27821288	1367	1376	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27821288	1415	1438	reactive oxygen species	T123	C1537052
27821288	1440	1443	ROS	T123	C1537052
27821288	1473	1484	fenretinide	T109,T121	C0060197
27821288	1497	1502	agent	T121	C1254351
27821288	1516	1538	tumor initiating cells	T025	C1956421
27821288	1562	1579	therapeutic agent	T121	C1611640
27821288	1583	1585	MM	T191	C0026764
27821288	1586	1595	treatment	T061	C0087111

27821359|t|Pupillary response abnormalities in depressive disorders
27821359|a|Depressive disorders lack objective physiological measurements to characterize the affected population and facilitate study of relevant mechanisms. The melanopsin - mediated light signaling pathway may contribute to seasonal variation and can be measured non-invasively by pupillometry. We prospectively studied changes in melanopsin - mediated pupillary constriction in 19 participants with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 10 control across the summer and winter solstices. The melanopsin - mediated response, as measured by the pupil's sustained constriction six s after a high intensity blue light stimulus, was marginally attenuated in those with MDD relative to controls (p =0.071). The participants with MDD unexpectedly showed a significantly reduced transient pupillary response to low intensity red (p =0.011) and blue light (p =0.013), but not high intensity red and blue light. Sustained pupillary constriction in response to high intensity blue light was more pronounced with increasing daylight hours (p =0.037) and was more strongly related to objectively measured versus estimated light exposure. Melanopsin - mediated impairments in pupil response may serve as a biological marker for vulnerability to depression in low light conditions. Assessment of these and other responses to light stimuli, such as response to low intensity light, may be useful for the study of the neurobiology of MDD and related mood disorders.
27821359	0	18	Pupillary response	T040	C4067879
27821359	19	32	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27821359	36	56	depressive disorders	T048	C0011581
27821359	57	77	Depressive disorders	T048	C0011581
27821359	78	82	lack	T080	C0332268
27821359	83	92	objective	T080	C1571702
27821359	93	106	physiological	T169	C0205463
27821359	107	119	measurements	T169	C0242485
27821359	123	135	characterize	T052	C1880022
27821359	140	159	affected population	T201	C4285581
27821359	175	180	study	T062	C0008972
27821359	184	192	relevant	T080	C2347946
27821359	193	203	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27821359	209	219	melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27821359	222	230	mediated	T041	C0870868
27821359	231	254	light signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27821359	273	291	seasonal variation	T079	C0036496
27821359	303	311	measured	T080	C0444706
27821359	330	342	pupillometry	T060	C0260180
27821359	347	368	prospectively studied	T062	C0033522
27821359	380	390	melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27821359	393	401	mediated	T041	C0870868
27821359	402	424	pupillary constriction	T042	C3537108
27821359	431	443	participants	T101	C0030705
27821359	449	474	major depressive disorder	T048	C1269683
27821359	476	479	MDD	T048	C1269683
27821359	488	495	control	T096	C0009932
27821359	507	534	summer and winter solstices	T079	C1254367
27821359	540	550	melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27821359	553	570	mediated response	T041	C0870868
27821359	575	583	measured	T080	C0444706
27821359	591	621	pupil's sustained constriction	T033	C0728710
27821359	636	650	high intensity	UnknownType	C0683109
27821359	651	661	blue light	T070	C0303896
27821359	662	670	stimulus	T067	C0234402
27821359	687	697	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27821359	712	715	MDD	T048	C1269683
27821359	728	736	controls	T096	C0009932
27821359	738	739	p	T081	C1709380
27821359	753	765	participants	T101	C0030705
27821359	771	774	MDD	T048	C1269683
27821359	797	810	significantly	T078	C0750502
27821359	811	818	reduced	T080	C0392756
27821359	819	828	transient	T079	C0205374
27821359	829	847	pupillary response	T040	C4067879
27821359	851	864	low intensity	UnknownType	C0683108
27821359	865	868	red	T070	C0563227
27821359	870	871	p	T081	C1709380
27821359	884	894	blue light	T070	C0303896
27821359	896	897	p	T081	C1709380
27821359	915	929	high intensity	UnknownType	C0683109
27821359	930	933	red	T070	C0563227
27821359	938	948	blue light	T070	C0303896
27821359	960	982	pupillary constriction	T042	C3537108
27821359	986	994	response	T040	C4067879
27821359	998	1012	high intensity	UnknownType	C0683109
27821359	1013	1023	blue light	T070	C0303896
27821359	1049	1059	increasing	T169	C0442808
27821359	1060	1068	daylight	T070	C0023693
27821359	1069	1074	hours	T079	C0439227
27821359	1076	1077	p	T081	C1709380
27821359	1119	1130	objectively	T080	C1571702
27821359	1131	1139	measured	T080	C0444706
27821359	1147	1156	estimated	T081	C0750572
27821359	1157	1171	light exposure	T051	C1689916
27821359	1173	1183	Melanopsin	T116	C0670514
27821359	1186	1194	mediated	T041	C0870868
27821359	1195	1206	impairments	T169	C0221099
27821359	1210	1224	pupil response	T040	C4067879
27821359	1240	1257	biological marker	T201	C0005516
27821359	1262	1275	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
27821359	1279	1289	depression	T048	C0011570
27821359	1293	1302	low light	UnknownType	C0683108
27821359	1303	1313	conditions	T080	C0348080
27821359	1315	1325	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27821359	1345	1354	responses	T032	C0871261
27821359	1358	1363	light	T070	C0023693
27821359	1364	1371	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27821359	1381	1389	response	T032	C0871261
27821359	1393	1412	low intensity light	UnknownType	C0683108
27821359	1436	1441	study	T062	C0008972
27821359	1449	1461	neurobiology	T091	C0027817
27821359	1465	1468	MDD	T048	C1269683
27821359	1481	1495	mood disorders	T048	C0525045

27821385|t|Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer: A Novel e-Health Approach in Optimizing Treatment for Seniors (OPTIMUM): A Two- Group Controlled Comparison Pilot Study
27821385|a|In women with hormone receptor positive breast cancer, adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) is associated with a significant survival advantage. Nonadherence is a particular challenge in older women, even though they stand to benefit the most from AET. Therefore, a novel eHealth tool (OPTIMUM) that integrates real-time analysis of health administrative claims data was developed to provide point-of-care decision support for clinicians. The objectives of the study are to determine the effectiveness of a patient -specific, real-time eHealth alert delivered at point-of-care in reducing rates of AET discontinuation and to understand patient -level factors related to AET discontinuation as well as to assess integration of eHealth alerts regarding deviations from best practices in administration of AET by cancer care teams. A prospective, 2- group controlled comparison pilot study will be conducted at 2 urban, McGill University-affiliated hospitals, the Royal Victoria Hospital and St. Mary's Hospital. A minimum of 43 patients per study arm will be enrolled through site-level allocation. Follow-up is 1.5 years. Health care professionals at the intervention site will have access to the eHealth tool, which will report to them in real-time medical events with known associations to AET discontinuation, an AET adherence monitor, and a discontinuation alert. Cox proportional hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals will estimate risks of AET discontinuation. Tests for significance will be 2-sided with a significance level of P<.05. This protocol has been approved and funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. The study will evaluate site-level differences between AET discontinuation and AET adherence and assess care team actions at the intervention site. Participant enrollment into this project is expected to start September 2016 with primary data ready to present by June 2018. This study will offer an opportunity to verify the feasibility of integrating an eHealth tool that aims to improve the long-term management of breast cancer in a high-risk population by allowing more timely intervention to prevent or rapidly address AET discontinuation.
27821385	0	26	Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy	T061	C0279025
27821385	30	43	Breast Cancer	T191	C0678222
27821385	53	70	e-Health Approach	T170	C0282574
27821385	85	94	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27821385	99	106	Seniors	T102	C1456594
27821385	108	115	OPTIMUM	T170	C0282574
27821385	125	130	Group	T098	C1257890
27821385	153	164	Pilot Study	T062	C0031928
27821385	168	173	women	T098	C0043210
27821385	179	204	hormone receptor positive	T191	C1563119
27821385	205	218	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27821385	220	246	adjuvant endocrine therapy	T061	C0279025
27821385	248	251	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	256	271	associated with	T080	C0332281
27821385	286	294	survival	T052	C0038952
27821385	306	318	Nonadherence	T033	C0376405
27821385	354	359	women	T098	C0043210
27821385	409	412	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	433	445	eHealth tool	T170	C0282574
27821385	447	454	OPTIMUM	T170	C0282574
27821385	472	490	real-time analysis	T062	C0936012
27821385	494	527	health administrative claims data	T058	C0086388
27821385	553	566	point-of-care	T078	C1547702
27821385	588	598	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27821385	649	662	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27821385	668	675	patient	T101	C0030705
27821385	687	720	real-time eHealth alert delivered	T058	C0086388
27821385	724	737	point-of-care	T078	C1547702
27821385	759	762	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	763	778	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
27821385	797	804	patient	T101	C0030705
27821385	831	834	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	835	850	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
27821385	887	901	eHealth alerts	T058	C0086388
27821385	933	942	practices	T041	C0237607
27821385	946	960	administration	T061	C1533734
27821385	964	967	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	971	977	cancer	T191	C0006826
27821385	978	988	care teams	T058	C0086388
27821385	1008	1013	group	T098	C1257890
27821385	1036	1047	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27821385	1078	1116	McGill University-affiliated hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27821385	1122	1145	Royal Victoria Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27821385	1150	1169	St. Mary's Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27821385	1187	1195	patients	T101	C0030705
27821385	1218	1226	enrolled	T058	C1516879
27821385	1235	1256	site-level allocation	T052	C1706778
27821385	1258	1267	Follow-up	T058	C1522577
27821385	1282	1307	Health care professionals	T097	C0018724
27821385	1315	1332	intervention site	T061	C0184661
27821385	1357	1369	eHealth tool	T170	C0282574
27821385	1400	1424	real-time medical events	T033	C0243095
27821385	1452	1455	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	1456	1471	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
27821385	1476	1479	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	1480	1489	adherence	T169	C1510802
27821385	1505	1520	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
27821385	1528	1558	Cox proportional hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27821385	1568	1588	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27821385	1612	1615	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	1616	1631	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
27821385	1633	1638	Tests	T170	C0392366
27821385	1679	1697	significance level	T062	C0814896
27821385	1758	1796	Canadian Institutes of Health Research	T093	C0596660
27821385	1853	1856	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	1857	1872	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
27821385	1877	1880	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	1881	1890	adherence	T169	C1510802
27821385	1902	1919	care team actions	T058	C0086388
27821385	1927	1944	intervention site	T061	C0184661
27821385	1946	1957	Participant	T098	C0679646
27821385	1958	1968	enrollment	T058	C1516879
27821385	2123	2134	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27821385	2153	2165	eHealth tool	T170	C0282574
27821385	2191	2200	long-term	T079	C0443252
27821385	2201	2211	management	T058	C0376636
27821385	2215	2228	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27821385	2234	2243	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27821385	2244	2254	population	T098	C1257890
27821385	2279	2291	intervention	T061	C0184661
27821385	2322	2325	AET	T061	C0279025
27821385	2326	2341	discontinuation	T058	C0457454

27821419|t|Long Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Pathology, Diagnosis, and Therapy
27821419|a|Vast parts of mammalian genomes encode for transcripts that are not further translated into proteins. The purpose of the majority of such noncoding ribonucleic acids (RNAs) remained paradoxical for a long time. However, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that long noncoding RNAs are dynamically expressed in different cell types, diseases, or developmental stages to execute a wide variety of regulatory roles at virtually every step of gene expression and translation. Indeed, long noncoding RNAs influence gene expression via epigenetic modulations, through regulating alternative splicing, or by acting as molecular sponges. The abundance of long noncoding RNAs in the cardiovascular system indicates that they may be part of a complex regulatory network governing physiology and pathology of the heart. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted functions of long noncoding RNAs and highlight the current literature with an emphasis on cardiac development and disease. Furthermore, as the enormous spectrum of long noncoding RNAs potentially opens up new avenues for diagnosis and prevention of heart failure, we ultimately evaluate the futuristic prospects of long noncoding RNAs as biomarkers, and therapeutic targets for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, as well.
27821419	0	19	Long Noncoding RNAs	T114	C2982391
27821419	23	47	Cardiovascular Pathology	T047	C0741949
27821419	49	58	Diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27821419	64	71	Therapy	T061	C0087111
27821419	86	95	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27821419	96	103	genomes	T028	C0017428
27821419	104	110	encode	T052	C2700640
27821419	115	126	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27821419	148	172	translated into proteins	T045	C1519614
27821419	178	185	purpose	T169	C1285529
27821419	193	201	majority	T080	C0205164
27821419	210	237	noncoding ribonucleic acids	T114	C0887909
27821419	238	244	(RNAs)	T114	C0887909
27821419	254	265	paradoxical	T080	C0205310
27821419	294	301	growing	T169	C0442808
27821419	310	318	evidence	T078	C3887511
27821419	319	331	demonstrates	T052	C3687625
27821419	337	356	long noncoding RNAs	T114	C2982391
27821419	361	372	dynamically	T169	C0729333
27821419	373	382	expressed	T045	C0017262
27821419	386	395	different	T080	C1705242
27821419	396	406	cell types	T025	C0007634
27821419	408	416	diseases	T047	C0012634
27821419	421	441	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
27821419	445	452	execute	T052	C1705848
27821419	455	467	wide variety	T077	C2346866
27821419	471	487	regulatory roles	T077	C1704735
27821419	491	500	virtually	T080	C0205556
27821419	507	511	step	T077	C1261552
27821419	515	530	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27821419	535	546	translation	T045	C1519614
27821419	556	575	long noncoding RNAs	T114	C2982391
27821419	576	585	influence	T077	C4054723
27821419	586	601	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27821419	606	628	epigenetic modulations	T045	C1516924
27821419	638	648	regulating	T045	C0017263
27821419	649	669	alternative splicing	T045	C0002345
27821419	687	704	molecular sponges	T080	C0205556
27821419	710	719	abundance	T080	C2346714
27821419	723	742	long noncoding RNAs	T114	C2982391
27821419	750	771	cardiovascular system	T022	C0007226
27821419	809	816	complex	T080	C0439855
27821419	817	835	regulatory network	T044	C1720950
27821419	836	845	governing	T067	C2239193
27821419	846	856	physiology	T039	C1254359
27821419	861	870	pathology	T046	C0030660
27821419	878	883	heart	T023	C0018787
27821419	916	928	multifaceted	T082	C0205291
27821419	929	938	functions	T169	C0542341
27821419	942	961	long noncoding RNAs	T114	C2982391
27821419	980	998	current literature	T170	C0023866
27821419	1019	1038	cardiac development	T039	C2263229
27821419	1043	1050	disease	T047	C0012634
27821419	1052	1063	Furthermore	T082	C1517331
27821419	1072	1080	enormous	T080	C0205231
27821419	1093	1112	long noncoding RNAs	T114	C2982391
27821419	1113	1124	potentially	T080	C3245505
27821419	1138	1145	avenues	T082	C1254362
27821419	1150	1159	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27821419	1164	1174	prevention	T061	C0199176
27821419	1178	1191	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27821419	1220	1240	futuristic prospects	T079	C1552610
27821419	1244	1263	long noncoding RNAs	T114	C2982391
27821419	1267	1277	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27821419	1283	1294	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27821419	1295	1302	targets	T114	C0028622
27821419	1311	1320	treatment	T061	C0087111
27821419	1324	1348	cardiovascular disorders	T047	C0007222

27821673|t|Effect of Core Stability Training on Trunk Function, Standing Balance, and Mobility in Stroke Patients
27821673|a|Trunk function is important for standing balance, mobility, and functional outcome after stroke, but few studies have evaluated the effects of exercises aimed at improving core stability in stroke patients. To investigate the effectiveness of core stability training on trunk function, standing balance, and mobility in stroke patients. An assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial was undertaken in a stroke rehabilitation ward, with 32 participants randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group (n = 16 each). The experimental group received 400 minutes of core stability training in place of conventional programs within total training time, while the control group received only conventional programs. Primary outcome measures were evaluated using the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), which reflects trunk function. Secondary outcome measures were evaluated by pelvic tilt active range of motion in the sagittal plane, the Balance Evaluation Systems Test-brief version (Brief-BESTest), Functional Reach test, Timed Up-and-Go test (TUG), and Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC). A general linear repeated-measures model was used to analyze the results. A treatment effect was found for the experimental group on the dynamic balance subscale and total score of the TIS (P = .002 and P < .001, respectively), pelvic tilt active range of motion (P < .001), Brief-BESTest (P < .001), TUG (P = .008), and FAC (P = .022). Core stability training has beneficial effects on trunk function, standing balance, and mobility in stroke patients. Our findings might provide support for introducing core stability training in stroke rehabilitation.
27821673	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27821673	10	24	Core Stability	T042	C0231432
27821673	25	33	Training	T065	C0220931
27821673	37	42	Trunk	T029	C0460005
27821673	43	51	Function	T169	C0542341
27821673	53	69	Standing Balance	T033	C0516711
27821673	75	83	Mobility	T080	C0449580
27821673	87	93	Stroke	T047	C0038454
27821673	94	102	Patients	T101	C0030705
27821673	103	108	Trunk	T029	C0460005
27821673	109	117	function	T169	C0542341
27821673	135	151	standing balance	T033	C0516711
27821673	153	161	mobility	T080	C0449580
27821673	167	177	functional	T169	C0205245
27821673	178	185	outcome	T169	C1274040
27821673	192	198	stroke	T047	C0038454
27821673	221	230	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27821673	235	245	effects of	T080	C1704420
27821673	246	255	exercises	T061	C0452240
27821673	275	289	core stability	T042	C0231432
27821673	293	299	stroke	T047	C0038454
27821673	300	308	patients	T101	C0030705
27821673	313	324	investigate	T169	C1292732
27821673	329	342	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27821673	346	360	core stability	T042	C0231432
27821673	361	369	training	T065	C0220931
27821673	373	378	trunk	T029	C0460005
27821673	379	387	function	T169	C0542341
27821673	389	405	standing balance	T033	C0516711
27821673	411	419	mobility	T080	C0449580
27821673	423	429	stroke	T047	C0038454
27821673	430	438	patients	T101	C0030705
27821673	443	459	assessor-blinded	T062	C0150108
27821673	461	488	randomized controlled trial	T062,T170	C0282440
27821673	509	515	stroke	T047	C0038454
27821673	516	535	rehabilitation ward	T073,T093	C0034993
27821673	545	557	participants	T098	C0679646
27821673	558	575	randomly assigned	UnknownType	C0814868
27821673	582	600	experimental group	T078	C0441833
27821673	606	619	control group	T096	C0009932
27821673	639	657	experimental group	T078	C0441833
27821673	682	696	core stability	T042	C0231432
27821673	697	705	training	T065	C0220931
27821673	718	730	conventional	T080	C0439858
27821673	731	739	programs	T169	C3484370
27821673	753	761	training	T065	C0220931
27821673	778	791	control group	T096	C0009932
27821673	806	818	conventional	T080	C0439858
27821673	819	827	programs	T169	C3484370
27821673	837	853	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27821673	879	901	Trunk Impairment Scale	T170	C0349674
27821673	903	906	TIS	T170	C0349674
27821673	924	929	trunk	T029	C0460005
27821673	930	938	function	T169	C0542341
27821673	950	966	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
27821673	985	996	pelvic tilt	T033	C1629036
27821673	997	1019	active range of motion	T032	C1879548
27821673	1027	1041	sagittal plane	T029	C0935598
27821673	1047	1092	Balance Evaluation Systems Test-brief version	T170	C0392366
27821673	1094	1107	Brief-BESTest	T170	C0392366
27821673	1110	1131	Functional Reach test	T060	C1998271
27821673	1133	1153	Timed Up-and-Go test	T060	C3161512
27821673	1155	1158	TUG	T060	C3161512
27821673	1165	1197	Functional Ambulation Categories	T061	C1160972
27821673	1199	1202	FAC	T061	C1160972
27821673	1207	1245	general linear repeated-measures model	T081,T170	C0026348
27821673	1281	1297	treatment effect	T033	C1518681
27821673	1316	1334	experimental group	T078	C0441833
27821673	1342	1349	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27821673	1350	1366	balance subscale	T170	C0282574
27821673	1371	1382	total score	T081	C2964552
27821673	1390	1393	TIS	T170	C0349674
27821673	1433	1444	pelvic tilt	T033	C1629036
27821673	1445	1467	active range of motion	T032	C1879548
27821673	1480	1493	Brief-BESTest	T170	C0392366
27821673	1506	1509	TUG	T060	C3161512
27821673	1542	1556	Core stability	T042	C0231432
27821673	1557	1565	training	T065	C0220931
27821673	1570	1580	beneficial	T081	C0814225
27821673	1581	1588	effects	T080	C1280500
27821673	1592	1597	trunk	T029	C0460005
27821673	1598	1606	function	T169	C0542341
27821673	1608	1624	standing balance	T033	C0516711
27821673	1630	1638	mobility	T080	C0449580
27821673	1642	1648	stroke	T047	C0038454
27821673	1649	1657	patients	T101	C0030705
27821673	1710	1724	core stability	T042	C0231432
27821673	1725	1733	training	T065	C0220931
27821673	1737	1743	stroke	T047	C0038454
27821673	1744	1758	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992

27822189|t|Flexible Coordination of Stationary and Mobile Conversations with Gaze: Resource Allocation among Multiple Joint Activities
27822189|a|Gaze is instrumental in coordinating face-to-face social interactions. But little is known about gaze use when social interactions co-occur with other joint activities. We investigated the case of walking while talking. We assessed how gaze gets allocated among various targets in mobile conversations, whether allocation of gaze to other targets affects conversational coordination, and whether reduced availability of gaze for conversational coordination affects conversational performance and content. In an experimental study, pairs were videotaped in four conditions of mobility (standing still, talking while walking along a straight-line itinerary, talking while walking along a complex itinerary, or walking along a complex itinerary with no conversational task). Gaze to partners was substantially reduced in mobile conversations, but gaze was still used to coordinate conversation via displays of mutual orientation, and conversational performance and content was not different between stationary and mobile conditions. Results expand the phenomena of multitasking to joint activities.
27822189	0	8	Flexible	T080	C0443220
27822189	9	21	Coordination	T169	C0700114
27822189	25	35	Stationary	T080	C0439835
27822189	40	46	Mobile	T169	C0231435
27822189	47	60	Conversations	T054	C0871703
27822189	66	70	Gaze	T033	C0553544
27822189	72	91	Resource Allocation	T081	C0086914
27822189	98	123	Multiple Joint Activities	T056	C0026606
27822189	124	128	Gaze	T033	C0553544
27822189	148	160	coordinating	T169	C0700114
27822189	161	173	face-to-face	T169	C1553514
27822189	174	193	social interactions	T033	C0037420
27822189	221	225	gaze	T033	C0553544
27822189	235	254	social interactions	T033	C0037420
27822189	255	263	co-occur	T052	C1709305
27822189	275	291	joint activities	T056	C0026606
27822189	296	308	investigated	T169	C1292732
27822189	321	328	walking	T056	C0080331
27822189	335	342	talking	T056	C0234856
27822189	347	355	assessed	T052	C1516048
27822189	360	364	gaze	T033	C0553544
27822189	370	379	allocated	T052	C1706778
27822189	394	401	targets	T098	C0039309
27822189	405	411	mobile	T169	C0231435
27822189	412	425	conversations	T054	C0871703
27822189	435	445	allocation	T052	C1706778
27822189	449	453	gaze	T033	C0553544
27822189	463	470	targets	T098	C0039309
27822189	471	478	affects	T041	C0001721
27822189	479	493	conversational	T054	C0871703
27822189	494	506	coordination	T169	C0700114
27822189	520	527	reduced	T080	C0392756
27822189	528	543	availability of	T169	C0470187
27822189	544	548	gaze	T033	C0553544
27822189	553	567	conversational	T054	C0871703
27822189	568	580	coordination	T169	C0700114
27822189	581	588	affects	T041	C0001721
27822189	589	603	conversational	T054	C0871703
27822189	604	615	performance	T055	C0597198
27822189	620	627	content	T077	C0456205
27822189	635	653	experimental study	T062	C0681814
27822189	666	676	videotaped	T073	C0042654
27822189	685	695	conditions	T080	C0449910
27822189	699	707	mobility	T033	C0425245
27822189	709	723	standing still	T082	C0231472
27822189	725	732	talking	T056	C0234856
27822189	739	778	walking along a straight-line itinerary	T060	C0522230
27822189	780	787	talking	T056	C0234856
27822189	794	801	walking	T056	C0080331
27822189	810	827	complex itinerary	T080	C0439855
27822189	832	839	walking	T056	C0080331
27822189	848	865	complex itinerary	T080	C0439855
27822189	871	888	no conversational	T033	C0243095
27822189	889	893	task	T057	C3540678
27822189	896	900	Gaze	T033	C0553544
27822189	904	912	partners	T098	C0026767
27822189	917	938	substantially reduced	T080	C0392756
27822189	942	948	mobile	T169	C0231435
27822189	949	962	conversations	T054	C0871703
27822189	968	972	gaze	T033	C0553544
27822189	991	1001	coordinate	T169	C0700114
27822189	1002	1014	conversation	T054	C0871703
27822189	1019	1027	displays	T169	C0870432
27822189	1031	1037	mutual	T080	C1709100
27822189	1038	1049	orientation	T082	C1704322
27822189	1055	1069	conversational	T054	C0871703
27822189	1070	1081	performance	T055	C0597198
27822189	1086	1093	content	T077	C0456205
27822189	1102	1111	different	T080	C1705242
27822189	1120	1130	stationary	T080	C0439835
27822189	1135	1141	mobile	T169	C0231435
27822189	1142	1152	conditions	T080	C0449910
27822189	1154	1161	Results	T034	C0456984
27822189	1173	1182	phenomena	T067	C1882365
27822189	1202	1218	joint activities	T056	C0026606

27822302|t|Do post-trauma symptoms mediate the relation between neurobiological stress parameters and conduct problems in girls?
27822302|a|Attenuated activity of stress-regulating systems has consistently been reported in boys with conduct problems. Results in studies of girls are inconsistent, which may result from the high prevalence of comorbid post-trauma symptoms. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate post-trauma symptoms as a potential mediator in the relation between stress-regulation systems functioning and conduct problems in female adolescents. The sample consisted of 78 female adolescents (mean age 15.4; SD 1.1) admitted to a closed treatment institution. The diagnosis of disruptive behaviour disorder (DBD) was assessed by a structured interview- the diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV (DISC-IV). To assess post-trauma symptoms and externalizing behaviour problems, self-report questionnaires, youth self report (YSR) and the trauma symptom checklist for Children (TSCC) were used. The cortisol awakenings response (CAR) measured hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, whereas autonomous nervous system (ANS) activity was assessed by heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Independent t-tests were used to compare girls with and without DBD, while path analyses tested for the mediating role of post- trauma symptoms in the relation between stress regulating systems and externalizing behaviour. Females with DBD (n = 37) reported significantly higher rates of post-trauma symptoms and externalizing behaviour problems than girls without DBD (n = 39). Path analysis found no relation between CAR and externalizing behaviour problems. With regard to ANS activity, positive direct effects on externalizing behaviour problems were present for HR (standardized β = 0.306, p = 0.020) and PEP (standardized β = -0.323, p = 0.031), though not for RSA. Furthermore, no relation-whether direct or indirect-could be determined from post-trauma symptoms. Present findings demonstrate that the neurobiological characteristics of female externalizing behaviour differ from males, since girls showed heightened instead of attenuated ANS activity. While the prevalence of post-trauma symptoms was high in girls with DBD, it did not mediate the relation between stress parameters and externalizing behaviour. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
27822302	3	14	post-trauma	T061	C2112825
27822302	15	23	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27822302	53	75	neurobiological stress	T041	C1328745
27822302	91	107	conduct problems	T048	C0149654
27822302	111	116	girls	T100	C0870604
27822302	141	166	stress-regulating systems	T022	C0460002
27822302	201	205	boys	T100	C0870221
27822302	211	227	conduct problems	T048	C0149654
27822302	251	256	girls	T100	C0870604
27822302	329	340	post-trauma	T061	C2112825
27822302	341	349	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27822302	385	390	study	T062	C2603343
27822302	409	420	post-trauma	T061	C2112825
27822302	421	429	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27822302	478	503	stress-regulation systems	T022	C0460002
27822302	520	536	conduct problems	T048	C0149654
27822302	540	558	female adolescents	T100	C0001588
27822302	587	605	female adolescents	T100	C0001588
27822302	651	672	treatment institution	T093	C1708333
27822302	678	687	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27822302	691	720	disruptive behaviour disorder	T048	C0012734
27822302	722	725	DBD	T048	C0012734
27822302	767	824	the diagnostic interview schedule for children version IV	T170	C0282574
27822302	826	833	DISC-IV	T170	C0282574
27822302	846	857	post-trauma	T061	C2112825
27822302	858	866	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27822302	871	903	externalizing behaviour problems	T048	C0233514
27822302	905	931	self-report questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27822302	933	950	youth self report	T062	C2700446
27822302	952	955	YSR	T170	C0282574
27822302	965	1002	trauma symptom checklist for Children	T170	C0451524
27822302	1004	1008	TSCC	T170	C0451524
27822302	1025	1053	cortisol awakenings response	T043	C1660802
27822302	1055	1058	CAR	T043	C1660802
27822302	1069	1110	hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis	T022	C0597719
27822302	1111	1119	activity	T052	C0441655
27822302	1129	1154	autonomous nervous system	T022	C0004388
27822302	1156	1159	ANS	T022	C0004388
27822302	1161	1169	activity	T052	C0441655
27822302	1186	1196	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27822302	1198	1200	HR	T201	C0018810
27822302	1203	1222	pre-ejection period	T201	C0807477
27822302	1224	1227	PEP	T201	C0807477
27822302	1233	1261	respiratory sinus arrhythmia	T039	C3812870
27822302	1263	1266	RSA	T039	C3812870
27822302	1281	1288	t-tests	T170	C0871472
27822302	1310	1315	girls	T100	C0870604
27822302	1333	1336	DBD	T048	C0012734
27822302	1391	1403	post- trauma	T061	C2112825
27822302	1404	1412	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27822302	1437	1462	stress regulating systems	T022	C0460002
27822302	1467	1490	externalizing behaviour	T033	C0424323
27822302	1492	1499	Females	T032	C0086287
27822302	1505	1508	DBD	T048	C0012734
27822302	1557	1568	post-trauma	T061	C2112825
27822302	1569	1577	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27822302	1582	1614	externalizing behaviour problems	T048	C0233514
27822302	1620	1625	girls	T100	C0870604
27822302	1634	1637	DBD	T048	C0012734
27822302	1688	1691	CAR	T043	C1660802
27822302	1696	1728	externalizing behaviour problems	T048	C0233514
27822302	1745	1748	ANS	T022	C0004388
27822302	1749	1757	activity	T052	C0441655
27822302	1786	1818	externalizing behaviour problems	T048	C0233514
27822302	1836	1838	HR	T201	C0018810
27822302	1879	1882	PEP	T201	C0807477
27822302	1936	1939	RSA	T039	C3812870
27822302	2018	2029	post-trauma	T061	C2112825
27822302	2030	2038	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27822302	2078	2109	neurobiological characteristics	T184	C0525041
27822302	2113	2119	female	T032	C0086287
27822302	2120	2143	externalizing behaviour	T033	C0424323
27822302	2156	2161	males	T032	C0086582
27822302	2169	2174	girls	T100	C0870604
27822302	2215	2218	ANS	T022	C0004388
27822302	2219	2227	activity	T052	C0441655
27822302	2253	2264	post-trauma	T061	C2112825
27822302	2265	2273	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27822302	2286	2291	girls	T100	C0870604
27822302	2297	2300	DBD	T048	C0012734
27822302	2342	2348	stress	T041	C1328745
27822302	2364	2387	externalizing behaviour	T033	C0424323

27822855|t|High-Throughput Genotyping with TaqMan Allelic Discrimination and Allele-Specific Genotyping Assays
27822855|a|Real-time PCR -based genotyping methods, such as TaqMan allelic discrimination assays and allele-specific genotyping, are particularly useful when screening a handful of single nucleotide polymorphisms in hundreds of samples; either derived from different individuals, tissues, or pre - amplified DNA. Although real-time PCR - based methods such as TaqMan are well-established, alternative methods, like allele-specific genotyping, are powerful alternatives, especially for genotyping short tandem repeat (STR) length polymorphisms. Here, we describe all relevant aspects when developing an assay for a new SNP or STR using either TaqMan or allele-specific genotyping, respectively, such as primer and probe design, optimization of reaction conditions, the experimental procedure for typing hundreds of samples, and finally the data evaluation. Our goal is to provide a guideline for developing genotyping assays using these two approaches that render reliable and reproducible genotype calls involving minimal optimization.
27822855	16	26	Genotyping	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	32	61	TaqMan Allelic Discrimination	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	66	99	Allele-Specific Genotyping Assays	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	100	113	Real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27822855	121	139	genotyping methods	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	149	185	TaqMan allelic discrimination assays	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	190	216	allele-specific genotyping	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	235	241	useful	T080	C3827682
27822855	247	256	screening	T060	C0813145
27822855	270	301	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
27822855	317	324	samples	T167	C0370003
27822855	346	355	different	T080	C1705242
27822855	356	367	individuals	T098	C0027361
27822855	369	376	tissues	T024	C0040300
27822855	381	384	pre	T079	C0332152
27822855	387	400	amplified DNA	T045	C0683230
27822855	411	424	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27822855	427	432	based	T169	C1527178
27822855	433	440	methods	T170	C0025663
27822855	449	455	TaqMan	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	460	476	well-established	T080	C0443211
27822855	478	489	alternative	T077	C1523987
27822855	490	497	methods	T170	C0025663
27822855	504	530	allele-specific genotyping	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	545	557	alternatives	T077	C1523987
27822855	574	584	genotyping	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	585	604	short tandem repeat	T114,T123	C1519302
27822855	605	610	(STR)	T114,T123	C1519302
27822855	611	617	length	T081	C1444754
27822855	618	631	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
27822855	655	663	relevant	T080	C2347946
27822855	664	671	aspects	T080	C1521970
27822855	677	687	developing	T169	C1527148
27822855	691	696	assay	T059	C1510438
27822855	707	710	SNP	T086	C0752046
27822855	714	717	STR	T114,T123	C1519302
27822855	731	737	TaqMan	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	741	767	allele-specific genotyping	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	791	797	primer	T114	C0206416
27822855	802	807	probe	T114,T130	C0012893
27822855	816	828	optimization	T052	C2698650
27822855	832	840	reaction	T169	C0443286
27822855	841	851	conditions	T080	C0348080
27822855	857	890	experimental procedure for typing	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	903	910	samples	T167	C0370003
27822855	928	932	data	T078	C1511726
27822855	933	943	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27822855	949	953	goal	T170	C0018017
27822855	960	967	provide	T052	C1999230
27822855	970	979	guideline	T170	C0162791
27822855	984	994	developing	T169	C1527148
27822855	995	1012	genotyping assays	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	1029	1039	approaches	T169	C1292724
27822855	1065	1077	reproducible	T080	C1514863
27822855	1078	1092	genotype calls	T059,T063	C3178894
27822855	1093	1102	involving	T169	C1314939
27822855	1103	1110	minimal	T080	C0547040
27822855	1111	1123	optimization	T052	C2698650

27823893|t|Sepsis Clinical Criteria in Emergency Department Patients Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit: An External Validation Study of Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
27823893|a|Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is a prognostic score for patients with sepsis. Our aim was to compare the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios of qSOFA vs. systemic inflammation response syndrome (SIRS) in predicting in-hospital mortality among emergency department (ED) patients with suspected infection admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). We conducted a retrospective cohort chart review study of ED patients admitted to an ICU with suspected infection from August 1, 2012 to February 28, 2015. We included all patients with body fluid cultures sampled either during their ED stay without antibiotic administration or within 24 h of antibiotics administered in the ED. Trained chart abstractors blinded to the study hypothesis double-entered data from each patient's electronic medical record including demographic characteristics, vital signs, laboratory study results, physical examination findings, and in-hospital mortality. We then calculated the AUROC, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for qSOFA and SIRS for predicting in-hospital mortality. Of 214 patients admitted to an ICU with presumed sepsis, 39 (18.2%) died during hospitalization. The AUROC value was 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56-0.74) for SIRS vs. 0.66 (95% CI 0.57-0.76) for qSOFA; 2+ qSOFA criteria predicted in-hospital mortality with 89.7% sensitivity, 27.4% specificity, 1.2 positive likelihood ratio, and 0.4 negative likelihood ratio. Among ED patients admitted to an ICU, the SIRS and qSOFA criteria had comparable prognostic value for predicting in-hospital mortality. These prognostic values are similar to those reported by the Sepsis-3 guidelines for ICU encounters.
27823893	0	6	Sepsis	T047	C0243026
27823893	7	24	Clinical Criteria	T080	C1516637
27823893	28	48	Emergency Department	T073,T093	C0562508
27823893	49	57	Patients	T101	C0030705
27823893	58	66	Admitted	T058	C0184666
27823893	73	92	Intensive Care Unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27823893	97	122	External Validation Study	T062,T170	C0681836
27823893	126	167	Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment	T033	C3494459
27823893	168	209	Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment	T033	C3494459
27823893	211	216	qSOFA	T033	C3494459
27823893	223	239	prognostic score	T081	C0449821
27823893	244	252	patients	T101	C0030705
27823893	258	264	sepsis	T047	C0243026
27823893	270	273	aim	T078	C1947946
27823893	293	332	area under the receiver operating curve	T081	C0035787
27823893	334	339	AUROC	T081	C0035787
27823893	342	353	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27823893	355	366	specificity	T081	C0037791
27823893	372	389	likelihood ratios	T081	C0150102
27823893	393	398	qSOFA	T033	C3494459
27823893	403	442	systemic inflammation response syndrome	T047	C0242966
27823893	444	448	SIRS	T047	C0242966
27823893	464	485	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
27823893	492	512	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
27823893	514	516	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27823893	518	526	patients	T101	C0030705
27823893	532	551	suspected infection	T046	C3714514
27823893	552	560	admitted	T058	C0184666
27823893	564	584	intensive care units	T073,T093	C0021708
27823893	586	590	ICUs	T073,T093	C0021708
27823893	608	647	retrospective cohort chart review study	T062	C2985505
27823893	651	653	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27823893	654	662	patients	T101	C0030705
27823893	663	671	admitted	T058	C0184666
27823893	678	681	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27823893	687	706	suspected infection	T046	C3714514
27823893	712	718	August	T080	C3831448
27823893	730	738	February	T080	C3830166
27823893	765	773	patients	T101	C0030705
27823893	779	806	body fluid cultures sampled	T031	C1292527
27823893	827	829	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27823893	843	868	antibiotic administration	T061	C0199779
27823893	887	911	antibiotics administered	T061	C0199779
27823893	919	921	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27823893	923	948	Trained chart abstractors	T097	C1522486
27823893	964	969	study	T062	C2603343
27823893	981	1000	double-entered data	T078	C1511726
27823893	1011	1020	patient's	T101	C0030705
27823893	1021	1046	electronic medical record	T170	C2362543
27823893	1057	1084	demographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
27823893	1086	1097	vital signs	T201	C0518766
27823893	1099	1123	laboratory study results	T059	C0681827
27823893	1125	1145	physical examination	T058	C0031809
27823893	1146	1154	findings	T033	C0243095
27823893	1160	1181	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
27823893	1206	1211	AUROC	T081	C0035787
27823893	1213	1224	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27823893	1226	1237	specificity	T081	C0037791
27823893	1243	1260	likelihood ratios	T081	C0150102
27823893	1265	1270	qSOFA	T033	C3494459
27823893	1275	1279	SIRS	T047	C0242966
27823893	1295	1316	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
27823893	1325	1333	patients	T101	C0030705
27823893	1334	1342	admitted	T058	C0184666
27823893	1349	1352	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27823893	1358	1373	presumed sepsis	T047	C0243026
27823893	1386	1413	died during hospitalization	T033	C3260027
27823893	1419	1424	AUROC	T081	C0035787
27823893	1445	1464	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27823893	1466	1468	CI	T081	C0009667
27823893	1485	1489	SIRS	T047	C0242966
27823893	1504	1506	CI	T081	C0009667
27823893	1522	1527	qSOFA	T033	C3494459
27823893	1532	1537	qSOFA	T033	C3494459
27823893	1557	1578	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
27823893	1590	1601	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27823893	1609	1620	specificity	T081	C0037791
27823893	1626	1651	positive likelihood ratio	T081	C0150102
27823893	1661	1686	negative likelihood ratio	T081	C0150102
27823893	1694	1696	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27823893	1697	1705	patients	T101	C0030705
27823893	1706	1714	admitted	T058	C0184666
27823893	1721	1724	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27823893	1730	1734	SIRS	T047	C0242966
27823893	1739	1744	qSOFA	T033	C3494459
27823893	1769	1785	prognostic value	T081	C0449821
27823893	1801	1822	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
27823893	1830	1847	prognostic values	T081	C0449821
27823893	1885	1904	Sepsis-3 guidelines	T170	C0282451
27823893	1909	1912	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27823893	1913	1923	encounters	T170	C3889614

27823981|t|Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cognitive function of Alzheimer's disease patients
27823981|a|Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) acts as a kind of widely-applied and non-invasive method in the intervention of some neurological disorders. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigates the effect of rTMS on 30 cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD) participants, who were classified into mild and moderate groups. Neuropsychological tests were carried out using the AD Assessment Scale - cognitive subscale (ADAS - cog), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and World Health Organization University of California-Los Angeles, Auditory Verbal Learning Test (WHO-UCLA AVLT) before, immediately after, and 6 weeks after the intervention. In this work, data from 30 AD patients revealed that there was no obvious interaction effect of time-by-group. The ADAS - cog, MMSE and WHO-UCLA AVLT score in the rTMS group was significantly improved compared with baselines at 6 weeks after treatment (all p<0.05). Meanwhile, MoCA scores were also obviously ameliorated in the mild AD patients with rTMS. Besides, subgroup analysis showed that the effect of rTMS on the memory and language of mild AD patients was superior to those of moderate AD patients. In conclusion, our findings suggested that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cognitive function, memory and language level of AD patients, especially in the mild stage of AD. Thus, rTMS can be recommended as a promising adjuvant therapy combined with cholinesterase inhibitors at the mild stage of AD patients.
27823981	0	44	Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation	T061	C0872259
27823981	54	72	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
27823981	76	95	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27823981	96	104	patients	T101	C0030705
27823981	105	149	Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation	T061	C0872259
27823981	151	155	rTMS	T061	C0872259
27823981	221	233	intervention	T061	C0184661
27823981	242	264	neurological disorders	T047	C0027765
27823981	271	282	prospective	T062	C0033522
27823981	284	294	randomized	T062	C0034656
27823981	296	308	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27823981	310	334	placebo-controlled trial	T062	C1706408
27823981	335	347	investigates	T169	C1292732
27823981	362	366	rTMS	T061	C0872259
27823981	373	378	cases	T169	C0868928
27823981	382	401	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27823981	403	405	AD	T047	C0002395
27823981	407	419	participants	T098	C0679646
27823981	446	450	mild	T080	C2945599
27823981	455	463	moderate	T080	C0205081
27823981	464	470	groups	T098	C1257890
27823981	472	496	Neuropsychological tests	T060	C0027902
27823981	524	543	AD Assessment Scale	T170	C0450989
27823981	546	564	cognitive subscale	T170	C0282574
27823981	566	570	ADAS	T170	C0450989
27823981	573	576	cog	T170	C0282574
27823981	579	608	Mini-Mental State Examination	T060	C0451306
27823981	610	614	MMSE	T060	C0451306
27823981	617	646	Montreal Cognitive Assessment	T170	C3496286
27823981	648	652	MoCA	T170	C3496286
27823981	659	752	World Health Organization University of California-Los Angeles, Auditory Verbal Learning Test	T170	C0589055
27823981	754	767	WHO-UCLA AVLT	T170	C0589055
27823981	802	807	weeks	T079	C0439230
27823981	818	830	intervention	T061	C0184661
27823981	846	850	data	T078	C1511726
27823981	859	861	AD	T047	C0002395
27823981	862	870	patients	T101	C0030705
27823981	906	924	interaction effect	UnknownType	C0548930
27823981	947	951	ADAS	T170	C0450989
27823981	954	957	cog	T170	C0282574
27823981	959	963	MMSE	T060	C0451306
27823981	968	981	WHO-UCLA AVLT	T170	C0589055
27823981	982	987	score	T081	C0449820
27823981	995	999	rTMS	T061	C0872259
27823981	1000	1005	group	T098	C1257890
27823981	1033	1041	compared	T052	C1707455
27823981	1047	1056	baselines	T081	C1442488
27823981	1062	1067	weeks	T079	C0439230
27823981	1074	1083	treatment	T061	C0087111
27823981	1109	1113	MoCA	T170	C3496286
27823981	1114	1120	scores	T081	C0449820
27823981	1141	1152	ameliorated	T033	C0184511
27823981	1160	1164	mild	T080	C2945599
27823981	1165	1167	AD	T047	C0002395
27823981	1168	1176	patients	T101	C0030705
27823981	1182	1186	rTMS	T061	C0872259
27823981	1197	1214	subgroup analysis	T062	C0936012
27823981	1241	1245	rTMS	T061	C0872259
27823981	1253	1259	memory	T041	C0025260
27823981	1264	1272	language	T171	C0023008
27823981	1276	1280	mild	T080	C2945599
27823981	1281	1283	AD	T047	C0002395
27823981	1284	1292	patients	T101	C0030705
27823981	1318	1326	moderate	T080	C0205081
27823981	1327	1329	AD	T047	C0002395
27823981	1330	1338	patients	T101	C0030705
27823981	1359	1367	findings	T033	C0243095
27823981	1383	1427	repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation	T061	C0872259
27823981	1437	1455	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
27823981	1457	1463	memory	T041	C0025260
27823981	1468	1476	language	T171	C0023008
27823981	1477	1482	level	T080	C0441889
27823981	1486	1488	AD	T047	C0002395
27823981	1489	1497	patients	T101	C0030705
27823981	1517	1521	mild	T080	C2945599
27823981	1522	1527	stage	T079	C0205390
27823981	1531	1533	AD	T047	C0002395
27823981	1541	1545	rTMS	T061	C0872259
27823981	1580	1596	adjuvant therapy	T061	C0677850
27823981	1611	1636	cholinesterase inhibitors	T109,T121	C0008425
27823981	1644	1648	mild	T080	C2945599
27823981	1649	1654	stage	T079	C0205390
27823981	1658	1660	AD	T047	C0002395
27823981	1661	1669	patients	T101	C0030705

27824066|t|A Novel Insulin/Glucose Model after a Mixed-Meal Test in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes on Insulin Pump Therapy
27824066|a|Current closed-loop insulin delivery methods stem from sophisticated models of the glucose-insulin (G/I) system, mostly based on complex studies employing glucose tracer technology. We tested the performance of a new minimal model (GLUKINSLOOP 2.0) of the G/I system to characterize the glucose and insulin dynamics during multiple mixed meal tests (MMT) of different sizes in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) on insulin pump therapy (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII). The GLUKINSLOOP 2.0 identified the G/I system, provided a close fit of the G/I time-courses and showed acceptable reproducibility of the G/I system parameters in repeated studies of identical and double-sized MMTs. This model can provide a fairly good and reproducible description of the G/I system in T1D patients on CSII, and it may be applied to create a bank of "virtual" patients. Our results might be relevant at improving the architecture of upcoming closed-loop CSII systems.
27824066	2	7	Novel	T080	C0205314
27824066	8	23	Insulin/Glucose	T081	C1719133
27824066	24	29	Model	T170	C3161035
27824066	38	53	Mixed-Meal Test	T059	C0202098
27824066	57	65	Patients	T101	C0030705
27824066	71	86	Type 1 Diabetes	T047	C0011854
27824066	90	102	Insulin Pump	T074	C1140609
27824066	103	110	Therapy	T061	C0087111
27824066	111	118	Current	T079	C0521116
27824066	119	155	closed-loop insulin delivery methods	T074	C0181334
27824066	194	222	glucose-insulin (G/I) system	T081	C1719133
27824066	224	230	mostly	T078	C0750554
27824066	240	247	complex	T080	C0439855
27824066	248	255	studies	T062	C0008972
27824066	256	265	employing	T033	C0557351
27824066	266	291	glucose tracer technology	T074	C0726401
27824066	296	302	tested	T169	C0039593
27824066	307	318	performance	T052	C1882330
27824066	328	341	minimal model	T170	C3161035
27824066	343	358	GLUKINSLOOP 2.0	T170	C3161035
27824066	367	377	G/I system	T081	C1719133
27824066	381	393	characterize	T052	C1880022
27824066	398	417	glucose and insulin	T081	C1719133
27824066	418	426	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27824066	434	442	multiple	T081	C0439064
27824066	443	459	mixed meal tests	T059	C0202098
27824066	461	464	MMT	T059	C0202098
27824066	469	478	different	T080	C1705242
27824066	479	484	sizes	T082	C0456389
27824066	488	496	patients	T101	C0030705
27824066	502	517	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
27824066	519	522	T1D	T047	C0011854
27824066	527	539	insulin pump	T074	C1140609
27824066	540	547	therapy	T061	C0087111
27824066	549	589	continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion	T061	C0393124
27824066	591	595	CSII	T061	C0393124
27824066	602	617	GLUKINSLOOP 2.0	T170	C3161035
27824066	618	628	identified	T080	C0205396
27824066	633	643	G/I system	T081	C1719133
27824066	645	653	provided	T052	C1999230
27824066	673	676	G/I	T081	C1719133
27824066	677	689	time-courses	T079	C0449247
27824066	701	711	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27824066	712	727	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27824066	735	745	G/I system	T081	C1719133
27824066	746	756	parameters	T033	C0449381
27824066	760	768	repeated	T169	C0205341
27824066	769	776	studies	T062	C0008972
27824066	780	789	identical	T080	C0205280
27824066	794	806	double-sized	T081	C0392762
27824066	807	811	MMTs	T059	C0202098
27824066	818	823	model	T170	C3161035
27824066	828	835	provide	T052	C1999230
27824066	867	878	description	T170	C0678257
27824066	886	896	G/I system	T081	C1719133
27824066	900	903	T1D	T047	C0011854
27824066	904	912	patients	T101	C0030705
27824066	916	920	CSII	T061	C0393124
27824066	936	943	applied	T169	C4048755
27824066	964	982	"virtual" patients	T058	C1553497
27824066	988	995	results	T034	C0456984
27824066	1005	1013	relevant	T080	C2347946
27824066	1017	1026	improving	T080	C1272745
27824066	1056	1067	closed-loop	T169	C0443183
27824066	1068	1072	CSII	T061	C0393124

27824163|t|The role of P2X7 receptors in a rodent PCP - induced schizophrenia model
27824163|a|P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) are ligand-gated ion channels sensitive to extracellular ATP. Here we examined for the first time the role of P2X7R in an animal model of schizophrenia. Using the PCP induced schizophrenia model we show that both genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of P2X7Rs alleviate schizophrenia-like behavioral alterations. In P2rx7+/+ mice, PCP induced hyperlocomotion, stereotype behavior, ataxia and social withdrawal. In P2X7 receptor deficient mice (P2rx7-/-), the social interactions were increased, whereas the PCP induced hyperlocomotion and stereotype behavior were alleviated. The selective P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-47965567 partly replicated the effect of gene deficiency on PCP - induced behavioral changes and counteracted PCP - induced social withdrawal. We also show that PCP treatment upregulates and increases the functional responsiveness of P2X7Rs in the prefrontal cortex of young adult animals. The amplitude of NMDA evoked currents recorded from layer V pyramidal neurons of cortical slices were slightly decreased by both genetic deletion of P2rx7 and by JNJ-47965567. PCP induced alterations in mRNA expression encoding schizophrenia-related genes, such as NR2A, NR2B, neuregulin 1, NR1 and GABA α1 subunit were absent in the PFC of young adult P2rx7-/- animals. Our findings point to P2X7R as a potential therapeutic target in schizophrenia.
27824163	12	26	P2X7 receptors	T116,T192	C0386482
27824163	32	38	rodent	T015	C0035804
27824163	39	42	PCP	T109,T121	C0031381
27824163	45	52	induced	T169	C0205263
27824163	53	66	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27824163	67	72	model	T050	C0012644
27824163	73	87	P2X7 receptors	T116,T192	C0386482
27824163	89	95	P2X7Rs	T116,T192	C0386482
27824163	101	126	ligand-gated ion channels	T116,T123	C0815090
27824163	127	136	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27824163	140	153	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27824163	154	157	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
27824163	167	175	examined	T033	C0332128
27824163	207	212	P2X7R	T116,T192	C0386482
27824163	219	231	animal model	T008	C0599779
27824163	235	248	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27824163	260	263	PCP	T109,T121	C0031381
27824163	264	271	induced	T169	C0205263
27824163	272	285	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27824163	286	291	model	T050	C0012644
27824163	310	326	genetic deletion	T045	C1511760
27824163	331	346	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27824163	347	357	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27824163	361	367	P2X7Rs	T116,T192	C0386482
27824163	368	377	alleviate	T169	C1301676
27824163	378	396	schizophrenia-like	T033	C0243095
27824163	397	407	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27824163	408	419	alterations	T078	C1515926
27824163	424	432	P2rx7+/+	T028	C1418215
27824163	433	437	mice	T015	C0025929
27824163	439	442	PCP	T109,T121	C0031381
27824163	443	450	induced	T169	C0205263
27824163	451	466	hyperlocomotion	T033	C3540840
27824163	468	487	stereotype behavior	T048	C0038271
27824163	489	495	ataxia	T184	C0004134
27824163	500	517	social withdrawal	T033	C0424095
27824163	522	535	P2X7 receptor	T028	C1418215
27824163	536	545	deficient	T169	C0011155
27824163	546	550	mice	T015	C0206745
27824163	552	560	P2rx7-/-	T028	C1418215
27824163	567	586	social interactions	T033	C0037420
27824163	592	601	increased	T081	C0205217
27824163	615	618	PCP	T109,T121	C0031381
27824163	619	626	induced	T169	C0205263
27824163	627	642	hyperlocomotion	T033	C3540840
27824163	647	666	stereotype behavior	T048	C0038271
27824163	672	682	alleviated	T169	C1301676
27824163	698	722	P2X7 receptor antagonist	T121	C2936582
27824163	723	735	JNJ-47965567	T121	C2936582
27824163	758	767	effect of	T080	C1280500
27824163	768	783	gene deficiency	T045	C1511760
27824163	787	790	PCP	T109,T121	C0031381
27824163	793	800	induced	T169	C0205263
27824163	801	819	behavioral changes	T055	C0542299
27824163	837	840	PCP	T109,T121	C0031381
27824163	843	850	induced	T169	C0205263
27824163	851	868	social withdrawal	T033	C0424095
27824163	888	891	PCP	T109,T121	C0031381
27824163	892	901	treatment	T169	C1522326
27824163	902	913	upregulates	T044	C0041904
27824163	918	927	increases	T169	C0442805
27824163	932	942	functional	T169	C0205245
27824163	943	957	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
27824163	961	967	P2X7Rs	T116,T192	C0386482
27824163	975	992	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
27824163	996	1007	young adult	T100	C0238598
27824163	1008	1015	animals	T008	C0003062
27824163	1021	1030	amplitude	UnknownType	C0678555
27824163	1034	1038	NMDA	T116,T192	C0080093
27824163	1039	1045	evoked	T080	C1444748
27824163	1046	1054	currents	T070	C1705970
27824163	1069	1094	layer V pyramidal neurons	T025	C0206441
27824163	1098	1106	cortical	T023	C0007776
27824163	1128	1137	decreased	T081	C0205216
27824163	1146	1162	genetic deletion	T045	C1511760
27824163	1166	1171	P2rx7	T028	C1418215
27824163	1179	1191	JNJ-47965567	T121	C2936582
27824163	1193	1196	PCP	T109,T121	C0031381
27824163	1197	1204	induced	T169	C0205263
27824163	1205	1216	alterations	T078	C1515926
27824163	1220	1235	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27824163	1245	1266	schizophrenia-related	T048	C0036341
27824163	1267	1272	genes	T028	C0017337
27824163	1282	1286	NR2A	T028	C1415299
27824163	1288	1292	NR2B	T028	C1415300
27824163	1294	1306	neuregulin 1	T116,T126	C0626201
27824163	1308	1311	NR1	T192	C0914905
27824163	1316	1323	GABA α1	T116,T192	C1565610
27824163	1337	1343	absent	T169	C0332197
27824163	1358	1369	young adult	T100	C0238598
27824163	1370	1378	P2rx7-/-	T028	C1418215
27824163	1379	1386	animals	T050	C1517490
27824163	1392	1400	findings	T033	C0243095
27824163	1410	1415	P2X7R	T116,T192	C0386482
27824163	1421	1430	potential	T080	C3245505
27824163	1431	1442	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27824163	1443	1449	target	T169	C1521840
27824163	1453	1466	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341

27824334|t|Episomal Nonviral Gene Therapy Vectors Slow Progression of Atherosclerosis in a Model of Familial Hypercholesterolemia
27824334|a|Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a life-threatening genetic disorder characterized by elevated levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol). Current attempts at gene therapy for FH have been limited by the use of strong heterologous promoters which lack genomic DNA elements essential for regulated expression. Here, we have combined a mini-gene vector expressing the human LDLR cDNA from a 10 kb native human LDLR locus genomic DNA promoter element, with an efficient miRNA targeting 3-hydroxy-3-methylgutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (Hmgcr), to further enhance LDLR expression. We show that the combined vector suppresses endogenous Hmgcr transcripts in vivo, leading to an increase in LDLR transgene expression. In a diet-induced Ldlr(-/-) mouse model of FH, we show that administration of the combined vector reduces atherogenic plasma lipids by ~32%. Finally, we demonstrate that our episomal nonviral vectors are able to reduce atherosclerosis by ~40% after 12 weeks in vivo. Taken together, the vector system we describe exploits the normal cellular regulation of the LDLR to provide prolonged expression of LDLR through targeted knockdown of Hmgcr. This novel gene therapy system could act alone, or in synergy with current therapies that modulate intracellular cholesterol, such as statins, greatly enhancing its therapeutic application for FH.
27824334	0	8	Episomal	T114,T123	C0014587
27824334	9	17	Nonviral	T033	C0243095
27824334	18	38	Gene Therapy Vectors	T121	C1517498
27824334	39	55	Slow Progression	T033	C1854494
27824334	59	74	Atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27824334	89	118	Familial Hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020445
27824334	119	148	Familial hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020445
27824334	150	152	FH	T047	C0020445
27824334	159	175	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27824334	176	192	genetic disorder	T047	C0019247
27824334	193	206	characterized	T052	C1880022
27824334	210	218	elevated	T080	C3163633
27824334	219	271	levels of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T059	C1278149
27824334	273	288	LDL-cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27824334	311	323	gene therapy	T061	C0017296
27824334	328	330	FH	T047	C0020445
27824334	363	369	strong	T080	C0442821
27824334	370	382	heterologous	T080	C0439860
27824334	383	392	promoters	T114,T123	C0035902
27824334	399	403	lack	T080	C0332268
27824334	404	415	genomic DNA	T114	C3272453
27824334	425	434	essential	T080	C0205224
27824334	449	459	expression	T045	C0017262
27824334	475	483	combined	T080	C0205195
27824334	486	502	mini-gene vector	T114	C0017397
27824334	503	513	expressing	T045	C0017262
27824334	518	523	human	T016	C0086418
27824334	524	528	LDLR	T028	C1366529
27824334	529	533	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27824334	554	559	human	T016	C0086418
27824334	560	564	LDLR	T028	C1366529
27824334	565	570	locus	T028	C0678933
27824334	571	582	genomic DNA	T114	C3272453
27824334	583	591	promoter	T114,T123	C0035902
27824334	609	618	efficient	T080	C0442799
27824334	619	624	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27824334	635	681	3-hydroxy-3-methylgutaryl-coenzyme A reductase	T028	C1415615
27824334	683	688	Hmgcr	T028	C1415615
27824334	702	709	enhance	T052	C2349975
27824334	710	714	LDLR	T028	C1366529
27824334	715	725	expression	T045	C0017262
27824334	744	752	combined	T080	C0205195
27824334	753	759	vector	T114	C0017397
27824334	760	770	suppresses	T045	C0038855
27824334	771	781	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27824334	782	787	Hmgcr	T028	C1415615
27824334	788	799	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27824334	800	807	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27824334	823	831	increase	T169	C0442805
27824334	835	839	LDLR	T028	C1366529
27824334	840	849	transgene	T028	C0282641
27824334	850	860	expression	T045	C0017262
27824334	880	889	Ldlr(-/-)	T028	C1366529
27824334	890	901	mouse model	T015	C0206745
27824334	905	907	FH	T047	C0020445
27824334	922	936	administration	T061	C1533734
27824334	944	952	combined	T080	C0205195
27824334	953	959	vector	T114	C0017397
27824334	960	967	reduces	T080	C0392756
27824334	968	993	atherogenic plasma lipids	T059	C1278073
27824334	1036	1061	episomal nonviral vectors	T114	C0017397
27824334	1074	1080	reduce	T080	C0392756
27824334	1081	1096	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27824334	1114	1119	weeks	T079	C0439230
27824334	1120	1127	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27824334	1149	1155	vector	T114	C0017397
27824334	1156	1162	system	T169	C0449913
27824334	1188	1194	normal	T080	C0205307
27824334	1195	1214	cellular regulation	T043	C0596286
27824334	1222	1226	LDLR	T028	C1366529
27824334	1238	1247	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27824334	1248	1258	expression	T045	C0017262
27824334	1262	1266	LDLR	T028	C1366529
27824334	1284	1293	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27824334	1297	1302	Hmgcr	T028	C1415615
27824334	1315	1327	gene therapy	T061	C0017296
27824334	1328	1334	system	T169	C0449913
27824334	1358	1365	synergy	T080	C0205195
27824334	1394	1402	modulate	T082	C0443264
27824334	1403	1416	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27824334	1417	1428	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27824334	1438	1445	statins	T109,T121	C0360714
27824334	1469	1492	therapeutic application	T061	C0087111
27824334	1497	1499	FH	T047	C0020445

27824925|t|Impact of Strategically Located White Matter Hyperintensities on Cognition in Memory Clinic Patients with Small Vessel Disease
27824925|a|Studies on the impact of small vessel disease (SVD) on cognition generally focus on white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume. The extent to which WMH location relates to cognitive performance has received less attention, but is likely to be functionally important. We examined the relation between WMH location and cognition in a memory clinic cohort of patients with sporadic SVD. A total of 167 patients with SVD were recruited from memory clinics. Assumption-free region of interest-based analyses based on major white matter tracts and voxel - wise analyses were used to determine the association between WMH location and executive functioning, visuomotor speed and memory. Region of interest-based analyses showed that WMHs located particularly within the anterior thalamic radiation and forceps minor were inversely associated with both executive functioning and visuomotor speed, independent of total WMH volume. Memory was significantly associated with WMH volume in the forceps minor, independent of total WMH volume. An independent assumption-free voxel-wise analysis identified strategic voxels in these same tracts. Region of interest-based analyses showed that WMH volume within the anterior thalamic radiation explained 6.8% of variance in executive functioning, compared to 3.9% for total WMH volume; WMH volume within the forceps minor explained 4.6% of variance in visuomotor speed and 4.2% of variance in memory, compared to 1.8% and 1.3% respectively for total WMH volume. Our findings identify the anterior thalamic radiation and forceps minor as strategic white matter tracts in which WMHs are most strongly associated with cognitive impairment in memory clinic patients with SVD. WMH volumes in individual tracts explained more variance in cognition than total WMH burden, emphasizing the importance of lesion location when addressing the functional consequences of WMHs.
27824925	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27824925	32	61	White Matter Hyperintensities	T046	C2938912
27824925	65	74	Cognition	T041	C0009240
27824925	78	91	Memory Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27824925	92	100	Patients	T101	C0030705
27824925	106	126	Small Vessel Disease	T047	C2733158
27824925	142	148	impact	T080	C4049986
27824925	152	172	small vessel disease	T047	C2733158
27824925	174	177	SVD	T047	C2733158
27824925	182	191	cognition	T041	C0009240
27824925	202	207	focus	T082	C0205234
27824925	211	238	white matter hyperintensity	T046	C2938912
27824925	240	243	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	245	251	volume	T081	C0449468
27824925	257	263	extent	T082	C0439792
27824925	273	276	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	277	285	location	T029	C1515974
27824925	286	293	relates	T080	C0439849
27824925	297	318	cognitive performance	T041	C0392335
27824925	323	331	received	T080	C1514756
27824925	332	336	less	T081	C0439092
27824925	337	346	attention	T041	C0004268
27824925	368	380	functionally	T169	C0205245
27824925	381	390	important	T080	C3898777
27824925	408	416	relation	T080	C0439849
27824925	425	428	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	429	437	location	T029	C1515974
27824925	442	451	cognition	T041	C0009240
27824925	457	470	memory clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27824925	471	477	cohort	T098	C0599755
27824925	481	489	patients	T101	C0030705
27824925	495	503	sporadic	T079	C0205422
27824925	504	507	SVD	T047	C2733158
27824925	524	532	patients	T101	C0030705
27824925	538	541	SVD	T047	C2733158
27824925	562	576	memory clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
27824925	578	627	Assumption-free region of interest-based analyses	T062	C0936012
27824925	628	633	based	T169	C1527178
27824925	643	655	white matter	T024	C0682708
27824925	656	662	tracts	T023	C1185740
27824925	667	672	voxel	T077	C2700259
27824925	675	679	wise	T169	C1527178
27824925	680	688	analyses	T062	C0936012
27824925	694	698	used	T169	C1524063
27824925	716	727	association	T080	C0439849
27824925	736	739	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	740	748	location	T029	C1515974
27824925	753	774	executive functioning	T041	C0935584
27824925	776	792	visuomotor speed	T041	C0025361
27824925	797	803	memory	T041	C0025260
27824925	805	838	Region of interest-based analyses	T062	C0936012
27824925	851	855	WMHs	T046	C2938912
27824925	856	863	located	T029	C1515974
27824925	877	883	within	T082	C0332285
27824925	888	915	anterior thalamic radiation	T023	C2338170
27824925	920	933	forceps minor	T023	C0152325
27824925	939	948	inversely	T080	C0439850
27824925	949	964	associated with	T080	C0332281
27824925	970	991	executive functioning	T041	C0935584
27824925	996	1012	visuomotor speed	T041	C0025361
27824925	1014	1028	independent of	T169	C0332291
27824925	1029	1034	total	T080	C0439810
27824925	1035	1038	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	1039	1045	volume	T081	C0449468
27824925	1047	1053	Memory	T041	C0025260
27824925	1072	1087	associated with	T080	C0332281
27824925	1088	1091	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	1092	1098	volume	T081	C0449468
27824925	1106	1119	forceps minor	T023	C0152325
27824925	1121	1135	independent of	T169	C0332291
27824925	1136	1141	total	T080	C0439810
27824925	1142	1145	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	1146	1152	volume	T081	C0449468
27824925	1157	1204	independent assumption-free voxel-wise analysis	T062	C0936012
27824925	1205	1215	identified	T080	C0205396
27824925	1226	1232	voxels	T077	C2700259
27824925	1242	1246	same	T080	C0445247
27824925	1247	1253	tracts	T023	C1185740
27824925	1255	1288	Region of interest-based analyses	T062	C0936012
27824925	1301	1304	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	1305	1311	volume	T081	C0449468
27824925	1312	1318	within	T082	C0332285
27824925	1323	1350	anterior thalamic radiation	T023	C2338170
27824925	1369	1377	variance	T080	C1711260
27824925	1381	1402	executive functioning	T041	C0935584
27824925	1404	1412	compared	T052	C1707455
27824925	1425	1430	total	T080	C0439810
27824925	1431	1434	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	1435	1441	volume	T081	C0449468
27824925	1443	1446	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	1447	1453	volume	T081	C0449468
27824925	1454	1460	within	T082	C0332285
27824925	1465	1478	forceps minor	T023	C0152325
27824925	1497	1505	variance	T080	C1711260
27824925	1509	1525	visuomotor speed	T041	C0025361
27824925	1538	1546	variance	T080	C1711260
27824925	1550	1556	memory	T041	C0025260
27824925	1558	1566	compared	T052	C1707455
27824925	1601	1606	total	T080	C0439810
27824925	1607	1610	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	1611	1617	volume	T081	C0449468
27824925	1623	1631	findings	T033	C0243095
27824925	1632	1640	identify	T080	C0205396
27824925	1645	1672	anterior thalamic radiation	T023	C2338170
27824925	1677	1690	forceps minor	T023	C0152325
27824925	1704	1716	white matter	T024	C0682708
27824925	1717	1723	tracts	T023	C1185740
27824925	1733	1737	WMHs	T046	C2938912
27824925	1756	1771	associated with	T080	C0332281
27824925	1772	1792	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27824925	1796	1809	memory clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27824925	1810	1818	patients	T101	C0030705
27824925	1824	1827	SVD	T047	C2733158
27824925	1829	1832	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	1833	1840	volumes	T081	C0449468
27824925	1855	1861	tracts	T023	C1185740
27824925	1877	1885	variance	T080	C1711260
27824925	1889	1898	cognition	T041	C0009240
27824925	1904	1909	total	T080	C0439810
27824925	1910	1913	WMH	T046	C2938912
27824925	1938	1948	importance	T080	C3898777
27824925	1952	1967	lesion location	T033	C2184261
27824925	1988	1998	functional	T169	C0205245
27824925	1999	2014	consequences of	T169	C0686907
27824925	2015	2019	WMHs	T046	C2938912

27824969|t|The early diagnosis of testicular natural killer / t-cell lymphoma
27824969|a|Testicular natural killer / T-cell lymphoma is a rare aggressive extranodal lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. Time to diagnose is crucial as the disease is rapidly progressive and fatal. Early suspicion is documented by imaging studies and testicular biopsies which are key factors for diagnosing testicular natural killer / T-cell lymphoma. However, no reports have described the results of imaging studies. In this paper, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), fluorine-18-fuorodexoyglucose-positron emission tomography / computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET / CT) and tumor biopsies were all diagnostic of testicular natural killer / T-cell lymphoma. The CEUS showed a clear hyperenhancement which strongly indicted malignant tumor. In conclusion, in our study, CEUS as a first line easy test, may help physicians to make an early diagnosis of the very rare case of testicular T-lymphoma.
27824969	4	19	early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
27824969	23	33	testicular	T082	C0205070
27824969	34	48	natural killer	T191	C1142155
27824969	51	66	t-cell lymphoma	T191	C0079772
27824969	67	77	Testicular	T082	C0205070
27824969	78	92	natural killer	T191	C1142155
27824969	95	110	T-cell lymphoma	T191	C0079772
27824969	116	120	rare	T080	C0522498
27824969	121	151	aggressive extranodal lymphoma	T191	C0694571
27824969	152	167	associated with	T080	C0332281
27824969	168	196	Epstein-Barr virus infection	T047	C0149678
27824969	206	214	diagnose	T033	C0011900
27824969	233	240	disease	T047	C0012634
27824969	252	263	progressive	T169	C0205329
27824969	268	273	fatal	T080	C1302234
27824969	294	304	documented	T058	C1301725
27824969	308	323	imaging studies	T060	C1881134
27824969	328	347	testicular biopsies	T060	C0403215
27824969	374	384	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
27824969	385	395	testicular	T082	C0205070
27824969	396	410	natural killer	T191	C1142155
27824969	413	428	T-cell lymphoma	T191	C0079772
27824969	469	476	results	T034	C0456984
27824969	480	495	imaging studies	T060	C1881134
27824969	512	545	contrast-enhanced ultrasonography	T060	C1832052
27824969	547	551	CEUS	T060	C1832052
27824969	554	612	fluorine-18-fuorodexoyglucose-positron emission tomography	T060	C2061977
27824969	615	634	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27824969	636	649	(18)F-FDG PET	T060	C2061977
27824969	652	654	CT	T060	C0040405
27824969	660	674	tumor biopsies	T060	C0005558
27824969	684	694	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27824969	698	708	testicular	T082	C0205070
27824969	709	723	natural killer	T191	C1142155
27824969	726	741	T-cell lymphoma	T191	C0079772
27824969	747	751	CEUS	T060	C1832052
27824969	767	783	hyperenhancement	T066	C0020909
27824969	808	823	malignant tumor	T191	C0006826
27824969	847	852	study	T062	C2603343
27824969	854	858	CEUS	T060	C1832052
27824969	864	884	first line easy test	T059	C0022885
27824969	895	905	physicians	T097	C0031831
27824969	917	932	early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
27824969	945	949	rare	T080	C0522498
27824969	958	968	testicular	T082	C0205070
27824969	969	979	T-lymphoma	T191	C0079772

27825443|t|Natural competence for transformation
27825443|a|While most molecular biologists are familiar with the artificial transformation of bacteria in the context of laboratory cloning experiments, natural competence for transformation refers to a specific physiological state in which prokaryotes are able to take up genetic material from their surroundings. Occasionally, such absorbed DNA is recombined into the organism's own genome, resulting in natural transformation (Figure 1). As a consequence, natural competence for transformation is considered a primary mode of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in prokaryotes, together with conjugation (direct cell to cell transfer of DNA via a specialized conjugal pilus) and phage transduction (DNA transfer mediated by viruses). HGT plays a major role in bacterial evolution, and past research has demonstrated that HGT, including natural competence for transformation, contributes to the emergence of pathogens and the spread of virulence factors. Indeed, Frederick Griffith discovered natural competence for transformation in 1928 while he was investigating the exchange of pathogenic traits in pneumococci. Due to the increase in the abundance and spread of multidrug-resistant microbes, research on HGT is even more important today than ever before.
27825443	0	7	Natural	T169	C0205296
27825443	8	18	competence	T080	C0086035
27825443	23	37	transformation	T045	C0040683
27825443	49	69	molecular biologists	T097	C0260017
27825443	92	102	artificial	T080	C2004457
27825443	103	129	transformation of bacteria	T045	C0040683
27825443	137	144	context	T078	C0449255
27825443	148	158	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27825443	159	166	cloning	T062	C0009015
27825443	167	178	experiments	T062	C0681814
27825443	180	187	natural	T169	C0205296
27825443	188	198	competence	T080	C0086035
27825443	203	217	transformation	T045	C0040683
27825443	230	238	specific	T080	C0205369
27825443	239	252	physiological	T169	C0205463
27825443	253	258	state	T169	C1442792
27825443	268	279	prokaryotes	T001	C0686817
27825443	300	316	genetic material	T028	C0440471
27825443	328	340	surroundings	T082	C1282914
27825443	361	369	absorbed	T169	C0205245
27825443	370	373	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27825443	377	387	recombined	T080	C0205195
27825443	397	407	organism's	T001	C0029235
27825443	412	418	genome	T028	C0017428
27825443	433	440	natural	T169	C0205296
27825443	441	455	transformation	T045	C0040683
27825443	473	484	consequence	T169	C0686907
27825443	486	493	natural	T169	C0205296
27825443	494	504	competence	T080	C0086035
27825443	509	523	transformation	T045	C0040683
27825443	540	547	primary	T080	C0205225
27825443	548	552	mode	T169	C1513371
27825443	556	580	horizontal gene transfer	T045	C0887912
27825443	582	585	HGT	T045	C0887912
27825443	590	601	prokaryotes	T001	C0686817
27825443	617	628	conjugation	T045	C0009757
27825443	630	636	direct	T080	C1947931
27825443	637	641	cell	T025	C0007634
27825443	645	649	cell	T025	C0007634
27825443	650	658	transfer	T078	C3244299
27825443	662	665	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27825443	672	683	specialized	T077	C1704211
27825443	684	698	conjugal pilus	T026	C0242435
27825443	704	709	phage	T005	C0004651
27825443	710	722	transduction	T045	C0040667
27825443	724	727	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27825443	728	736	transfer	T078	C3244299
27825443	749	756	viruses	T005	C0042776
27825443	759	762	HGT	T045	C0887912
27825443	785	794	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27825443	795	804	evolution	T045	C0015219
27825443	810	814	past	T079	C1444637
27825443	815	823	research	T062	C0035168
27825443	846	849	HGT	T045	C0887912
27825443	861	868	natural	T169	C0205296
27825443	869	879	competence	T080	C0086035
27825443	884	898	transformation	T045	C0040683
27825443	900	911	contributes	T052	C1880177
27825443	932	941	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27825443	950	956	spread	T080	C0332261
27825443	960	977	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27825443	1017	1024	natural	T169	C0205296
27825443	1025	1035	competence	T080	C0086035
27825443	1040	1054	transformation	T045	C0040683
27825443	1076	1089	investigating	T169	C1292732
27825443	1094	1102	exchange	T045	C1749881
27825443	1106	1116	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27825443	1117	1123	traits	T032	C0599883
27825443	1127	1138	pneumococci	T007	C0038410
27825443	1151	1159	increase	T169	C0442805
27825443	1167	1176	abundance	T080	C2346714
27825443	1181	1187	spread	T080	C0332261
27825443	1191	1219	multidrug-resistant microbes	T007	C4076168
27825443	1221	1229	research	T062	C0035168
27825443	1233	1236	HGT	T045	C0887912

27826087|t|Three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state (3D-CISS) sequences and Phase-contrast MRI of arrested hydrocephalus
27826087|a|to evaluate role of three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state (3D-CISS) sequences and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) in patients with arrested hydrocephalus. Prospective study was conducted on 20 patients with arrested hydrocephalus. All patients underwent PC-MRI and 3D-CISS for assessment of the aqueduct. Axial (through-plane), sagittal (in-plane) PC-MRI and sagittal 3D-CISS were applied to assess the cerebral aqueduct and the spontaneous third ventriculostomy if present. Aqueductal patency was graded using 3D-CISS and PC-MRI. Quantitative analysis of flow through the aqueduct was done using PC-MRI. The causes of obstruction were aqueductal obstruction in 75% (n=15), 3rd ventricular obstruction in 5% (n=1) and 4th ventricular obstruction in 20 % (n=4). The cause of arrest of hydrocephalus was spontaneous third ventriculostomy in 65% (n=13), endoscopic third ventriculostomy in 10% (n=2), ventriculo-peritoneal shunt in 5% (n=1) and no cause could be detected in 20% of patients (n=4). There is a positive correlation (r= 0.80) and moderate agreement (κ= 0.509) of grading with PC-MRI and 3D-CISS sequences. The mean peak systolic velocity of CSF was 1.86 ± 2.48 cm/sec, the stroke volume was 6.43 ± 13.81μl/cycle, and the mean flow was 0.21 ± 0.32 ml/min. We concluded that 3D-CISS and PC-MRI are non-invasive sequences for diagnosis of the level and cause of arrested hydrocephalus.
27826087	0	79	Three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state (3D-CISS) sequences	T169	C1275506
27826087	84	102	Phase-contrast MRI	T060	C0024485
27826087	106	128	arrested hydrocephalus	T047	C0270718
27826087	149	228	three-dimensional constructive interference in steady-state (3D-CISS) sequences	T169	C1275506
27826087	233	274	phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27826087	276	282	PC-MRI	T060	C0024485
27826087	287	295	patients	T101	C0030705
27826087	301	323	arrested hydrocephalus	T047	C0270718
27826087	325	342	Prospective study	T062	C0033522
27826087	363	371	patients	T101	C0030705
27826087	377	399	arrested hydrocephalus	T047	C0270718
27826087	405	413	patients	T101	C0030705
27826087	424	430	PC-MRI	T060	C0024485
27826087	435	442	3D-CISS	T169	C1275506
27826087	447	457	assessment	T058	C0220825
27826087	465	473	aqueduct	T030	C0228168
27826087	475	480	Axial	T082	C0205131
27826087	482	495	through-plane	T082	C1254362
27826087	498	506	sagittal	T082	C0205129
27826087	508	516	in-plane	T082	C1254362
27826087	518	524	PC-MRI	T060	C0024485
27826087	529	537	sagittal	T082	C0205129
27826087	538	545	3D-CISS	T169	C1275506
27826087	562	568	assess	T058	C0184514
27826087	573	590	cerebral aqueduct	T030	C0007769
27826087	599	610	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27826087	611	632	third ventriculostomy	T061	C0844213
27826087	645	655	Aqueductal	T030	C0228168
27826087	656	663	patency	T082	C0175566
27826087	668	674	graded	T185	C0441800
27826087	681	688	3D-CISS	T169	C1275506
27826087	693	699	PC-MRI	T060	C0024485
27826087	701	722	Quantitative analysis	T059	C0200767
27826087	743	751	aqueduct	T030	C0228168
27826087	767	773	PC-MRI	T060	C0024485
27826087	789	800	obstruction	T046	C0028778
27826087	806	816	aqueductal	T030	C0228168
27826087	817	828	obstruction	T046	C0028778
27826087	848	871	ventricular obstruction	T047	C0042512
27826087	892	915	ventricular obstruction	T047	C0042512
27826087	944	950	arrest	T079	C0237477
27826087	954	967	hydrocephalus	T047	C0020255
27826087	972	983	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27826087	984	1005	third ventriculostomy	T061	C0844213
27826087	1021	1053	endoscopic third ventriculostomy	T061	C0844212
27826087	1068	1095	ventriculo-peritoneal shunt	T074	C3874496
27826087	1130	1138	detected	T033	C0442726
27826087	1149	1157	patients	T101	C0030705
27826087	1176	1184	positive	T033	C1446409
27826087	1185	1196	correlation	T080	C1707520
27826087	1211	1219	moderate	T080	C0205081
27826087	1220	1229	agreement	T054	C0680240
27826087	1244	1251	grading	T185	C0441800
27826087	1257	1263	PC-MRI	T060	C0024485
27826087	1268	1285	3D-CISS sequences	T169	C1275506
27826087	1291	1318	mean peak systolic velocity	T081	C0392762
27826087	1322	1325	CSF	T031	C0007806
27826087	1354	1367	stroke volume	T201	C0038455
27826087	1402	1411	mean flow	T081	C0392762
27826087	1454	1461	3D-CISS	T169	C1275506
27826087	1466	1472	PC-MRI	T060	C0024485
27826087	1477	1489	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27826087	1504	1513	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27826087	1531	1536	cause	T169	C0015127
27826087	1540	1562	arrested hydrocephalus	T047	C0270718

27826313|t|Search for Nodulation and Nodule Development -Related Cystatin Genes in the Genome of Soybean (Glycine max)
27826313|a|Nodulation, nodule development and senescence directly affects nitrogen fixation efficiency, and previous studies have shown that inhibition of some cysteine proteases delay nodule senescence, so their nature inhibitors, cystatin genes, are very important in nodulation, nodule development, and senescence. Although several cystatins are actively transcribed in soybean nodule s, their exact roles and functional diversities in legume have not been well explored in genome-wide survey studies. In this report, we performed a genome-wide survey of cystatin family genes to explore their relationship to nodulation and nodule development in soybean and identified 20 cystatin genes that encode peptides with 97-245 amino acid residues, different isoelectric points (pI) and structure characteristics, and various putative plant regulatory elements in 3000 bp putative promoter fragments upstream of the 20 soybean cystatins in response to different abiotic / biotic stresses, hormone signals, and symbiosis signals. The expression profiles of these cystatin genes in soybean symbiosis with rhizobium strain Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 113-2 revealed that 7 cystatin family genes play different roles in nodulation as well as nodule development and senescence. However, these genes were not root nodule symbiosis (RNS)-specific and did not encode special clade cystatin protein with structures related to nodulation and nodule development. Besides, only two of these soybean cystatins were not upregulated in symbiosis after ABA treatment. The functional analysis showed that a candidate gene Glyma.15G227500 (GmCYS16) was likely to play a positive role in soybean nodulation. Besides, evolutionary relationships analysis divided the cystatin genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tabacum, rice, barley and four legume plants into three groups. Interestingly, Group A cystatins are special in legume plants, but only include one of the above-mentioned 7 cystatin genes related to nodulation and nodule development. Overall, our results provide useful information or clues for our understanding of the functional diversity of legume cystatin family proteins in soybean nodulation and nodule development and for finding nodule -specific cysteine proteases in soybean.
27826313	11	21	Nodulation	T042	C1160630
27826313	26	32	Nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	33	44	Development	T169	C1527148
27826313	54	68	Cystatin Genes	T028	C1333185
27826313	76	82	Genome	T028	C0017428
27826313	86	93	Soybean	T002	C1262902
27826313	95	106	Glycine max	T002	C1262902
27826313	108	118	Nodulation	T042	C1160630
27826313	120	126	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	127	138	development	T169	C1527148
27826313	143	153	senescence	T033	C0231337
27826313	171	188	nitrogen fixation	T040	C0028161
27826313	238	248	inhibition	T039	C1524081
27826313	257	275	cysteine proteases	T116,T126	C2717970
27826313	282	288	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	289	299	senescence	T033	C0231337
27826313	317	327	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27826313	329	343	cystatin genes	T028	C1333185
27826313	367	377	nodulation	T042	C1160630
27826313	379	385	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	386	397	development	T169	C1527148
27826313	403	413	senescence	T033	C0231337
27826313	432	441	cystatins	T116,T121	C0010646
27826313	455	466	transcribed	T045	C0040649
27826313	470	477	soybean	T002	C1262902
27826313	478	484	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	521	532	diversities	T070	C0042333
27826313	536	542	legume	T002	C0023263
27826313	574	600	genome-wide survey studies	T063	C2350277
27826313	633	651	genome-wide survey	T063	C2350277
27826313	655	676	cystatin family genes	T028	C1333185
27826313	710	720	nodulation	T002	C2700389
27826313	725	731	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	732	743	development	T169	C1527148
27826313	747	754	soybean	T002	C1262902
27826313	773	787	cystatin genes	T028	C1333185
27826313	800	808	peptides	T116	C0030956
27826313	821	840	amino acid residues	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27826313	852	870	isoelectric points	T081	C0022171
27826313	872	874	pI	T081	C0022171
27826313	880	889	structure	T082	C0678594
27826313	928	933	plant	T002	C0032098
27826313	934	953	regulatory elements	T028	C1564097
27826313	974	1001	promoter fragments upstream	T114,T123	C0033413
27826313	1012	1019	soybean	T002	C1262902
27826313	1020	1029	cystatins	T116,T121	C0010646
27826313	1033	1062	response to different abiotic	T040	C2611805
27826313	1065	1080	biotic stresses	T040	C2611806
27826313	1082	1097	hormone signals	T044	C1154545
27826313	1103	1112	symbiosis	T070	C0039029
27826313	1113	1120	signals	T043	C0037083
27826313	1126	1145	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
27826313	1155	1169	cystatin genes	T028	C1333185
27826313	1173	1180	soybean	T002	C1262902
27826313	1181	1190	symbiosis	T070	C0039029
27826313	1196	1212	rhizobium strain	T007	C0035475
27826313	1213	1250	Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain 113-2	T007	C0995327
27826313	1267	1288	cystatin family genes	T028	C1333185
27826313	1313	1323	nodulation	T002	C2700389
27826313	1335	1341	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	1342	1353	development	T169	C1527148
27826313	1358	1368	senescence	T033	C0231337
27826313	1385	1390	genes	T028	C0017337
27826313	1400	1404	root	T002	C0242726
27826313	1405	1411	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	1412	1421	symbiosis	T070	C0039029
27826313	1423	1426	RNS	T070	C0039029
27826313	1470	1486	cystatin protein	T116,T121	C0010646
27826313	1514	1524	nodulation	T002	C2700389
27826313	1529	1535	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	1536	1547	development	T169	C1527148
27826313	1576	1583	soybean	T002	C1262902
27826313	1584	1593	cystatins	T116,T121	C0010646
27826313	1599	1614	not upregulated	T033	C0243095
27826313	1618	1627	symbiosis	T070	C0039029
27826313	1634	1637	ABA	T109,T123	C0000843
27826313	1638	1647	treatment	T169	C1522326
27826313	1653	1663	functional	T169	C0205245
27826313	1664	1672	analysis	T062	C0936012
27826313	1697	1701	gene	T028	C0017337
27826313	1702	1717	Glyma.15G227500	T028	C0017337
27826313	1719	1726	GmCYS16	T028	C0017337
27826313	1766	1773	soybean	T002	C1262902
27826313	1774	1784	nodulation	T002	C2700389
27826313	1795	1821	evolutionary relationships	T045	C0015219
27826313	1843	1857	cystatin genes	T028	C1333185
27826313	1863	1883	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
27826313	1885	1902	Nicotiana tabacum	T002	C0740009
27826313	1904	1908	rice	T002	C1140671
27826313	1910	1916	barley	T002	C0004755
27826313	1926	1939	legume plants	T002	C0023263
27826313	1974	1991	Group A cystatins	T116,T121,T123	C0010644
27826313	2007	2020	legume plants	T002	C0023263
27826313	2068	2082	cystatin genes	T028	C1333185
27826313	2094	2104	nodulation	T002	C2700389
27826313	2109	2115	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	2116	2127	development	T169	C1527148
27826313	2239	2245	legume	T002	C0023263
27826313	2246	2270	cystatin family proteins	T116,T121	C0010646
27826313	2274	2281	soybean	T002	C1262902
27826313	2282	2292	nodulation	T002	C2700389
27826313	2297	2303	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	2304	2315	development	T169	C1527148
27826313	2332	2338	nodule	T002	C2700389
27826313	2349	2367	cysteine proteases	T116,T126	C2717970
27826313	2371	2378	soybean	T002	C1262902

27826436|t|The flavor and nutritional characteristic of four strawberry varieties cultured in soilless system
27826436|a|Strawberry fruits (cv. Benihoppe, Tochiotome, Sachinoka, and Guimeiren) were harvested and evaluated the flavor and nutritional parameters. By principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis, differences were observed based on the volatile compounds composition, sugar and acid concentration, sweetness, and total soluble sugars / total organic acids of the four varieties. A total of 37, 48, 65, and 74 volatile compounds were identified and determined in cv. Benihoppe, Tochiotome, Sachinoka, and Guimeiren strawberry fruits extracted by head-space solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), respectively. Esters significantly dominated the chemical composition of the four varieties. Furaneol was detected in cultivars of Sachinoka and Guimeiren, but mesifuran was only found in cv. Tochiotome. Tochiotome and Sachinoka showed higher content of linalool and (E)-nerolidol. Sachinoka showed the highest content of total sugars and total acids. Guimeiren showed higher sweetness index than the other three cultivars. Firmness of Tochiotome was highest among all the varieties. The highest total soluble solids TSS value was found in cv. Sachinoka, followed by the Guimeiren and Tochiotome varieties. Sachinoka had the highest titratable acidity TA value. The content of ascorbic acid (AsA) of cv. Tochiotome was higher than the others, but there was no significant difference in cultivars of Benihoppe, Tochiotome, and Sachinoka. Fructose and glucose were the major sugars in all cultivars. Citric acid was the major organic acid in cv. Tochiotome, cv. Sachinoka, and cv. Guimeiren. Tochiotome had higher ratios of TSS / TA and total sugars / total organic acids than others, arising from its lower acid content. The order of the comprehensive evaluation score was Sachinoka > Guimeiren > Tochiotome > Benihoppe.
27826436	4	10	flavor	T168	C0982164
27826436	15	26	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27826436	27	41	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27826436	50	60	strawberry	T168	C0457802
27826436	61	70	varieties	T077	C1883525
27826436	71	79	cultured	T090	C0001829
27826436	83	98	soilless system	T167	C0439861
27826436	99	116	Strawberry fruits	T168	C0457802
27826436	118	131	cv. Benihoppe	T168	C0457802
27826436	133	143	Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	145	154	Sachinoka	T168	C0457802
27826436	160	169	Guimeiren	T168	C0457802
27826436	204	210	flavor	T168	C0982164
27826436	215	226	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27826436	227	237	parameters	T077	C0549193
27826436	242	270	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
27826436	275	307	hierarchical clustering analysis	T062	C1881045
27826436	348	366	volatile compounds	T109	C2350439
27826436	367	378	composition	T070	C0243176
27826436	380	385	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27826436	390	394	acid	T109	C0369760
27826436	395	408	concentration	T081	C1446561
27826436	410	419	sweetness	T080	C0678582
27826436	425	445	total soluble sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
27826436	448	467	total organic acids	T109	C0369760
27826436	480	489	varieties	T077	C1883525
27826436	521	539	volatile compounds	T109	C2350439
27826436	545	555	identified	T080	C0205396
27826436	560	570	determined	T080	C0521095
27826436	574	587	cv. Benihoppe	T168	C0457802
27826436	589	599	Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	601	610	Sachinoka	T168	C0457802
27826436	616	643	Guimeiren strawberry fruits	T168	C0457802
27826436	644	653	extracted	T061	C0185115
27826436	657	695	head-space solid-phase microextraction	T059	C1720881
27826436	697	704	HS-SPME	T059	C1720881
27826436	721	727	Esters	T109	C0014898
27826436	756	776	chemical composition	T070	C0243176
27826436	789	798	varieties	T077	C1883525
27826436	800	808	Furaneol	T109	C0378287
27826436	825	834	cultivars	T002	C0032098
27826436	838	847	Sachinoka	T168	C0457802
27826436	852	861	Guimeiren	T168	C0457802
27826436	867	876	mesifuran	T168	C0457802
27826436	895	909	cv. Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	911	921	Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	926	935	Sachinoka	T168	C0457802
27826436	950	957	content	T081	C1446561
27826436	961	969	linalool	T109,T121	C0064997
27826436	974	987	(E)-nerolidol	T109	C0955941
27826436	989	998	Sachinoka	T168	C0457802
27826436	1010	1017	highest	T080	C0205250
27826436	1018	1025	content	T081	C1446561
27826436	1029	1041	total sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
27826436	1046	1057	total acids	T109	C0369760
27826436	1059	1068	Guimeiren	T168	C0457802
27826436	1083	1092	sweetness	T080	C0678582
27826436	1093	1098	index	T170	C0918012
27826436	1120	1129	cultivars	T002	C0032098
27826436	1131	1139	Firmness	T080	C1545487
27826436	1143	1153	Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	1158	1165	highest	T080	C0205250
27826436	1180	1189	varieties	T077	C1883525
27826436	1195	1202	highest	T080	C0205250
27826436	1203	1233	total soluble solids TSS value	T081	C0392762
27826436	1247	1260	cv. Sachinoka	T168	C0457802
27826436	1278	1287	Guimeiren	T168	C0457802
27826436	1292	1302	Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	1303	1312	varieties	T077	C1883525
27826436	1314	1323	Sachinoka	T168	C0457802
27826436	1332	1339	highest	T080	C0205250
27826436	1340	1367	titratable acidity TA value	T034	C0368606
27826436	1373	1380	content	T081	C1446561
27826436	1384	1397	ascorbic acid	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
27826436	1399	1402	AsA	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
27826436	1407	1421	cv. Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	1426	1432	higher	T080	C0205250
27826436	1464	1478	no significant	T033	C1273937
27826436	1479	1489	difference	T081	C1705241
27826436	1493	1502	cultivars	T002	C0032098
27826436	1506	1515	Benihoppe	T168	C0457802
27826436	1517	1527	Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	1533	1542	Sachinoka	T168	C0457802
27826436	1544	1552	Fructose	T109,T121	C0016745
27826436	1557	1564	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27826436	1580	1586	sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
27826436	1594	1603	cultivars	T002	C0032098
27826436	1605	1616	Citric acid	T109,T121,T123	C0055819
27826436	1631	1643	organic acid	T109	C0369760
27826436	1647	1661	cv. Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	1663	1676	cv. Sachinoka	T168	C0457802
27826436	1682	1695	cv. Guimeiren	T168	C0457802
27826436	1697	1707	Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	1712	1718	higher	T080	C0205250
27826436	1719	1725	ratios	T081	C0456603
27826436	1729	1732	TSS	T109	C1635078
27826436	1735	1737	TA	T034	C0368606
27826436	1742	1754	total sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
27826436	1757	1776	total organic acids	T109	C0369760
27826436	1813	1817	acid	T109	C0369760
27826436	1818	1825	content	T081	C1446561
27826436	1844	1874	comprehensive evaluation score	T081	C0449820
27826436	1879	1888	Sachinoka	T168	C0457802
27826436	1891	1900	Guimeiren	T168	C0457802
27826436	1903	1913	Tochiotome	T168	C0457802
27826436	1916	1925	Benihoppe	T168	C0457802

27826671|t|A Feasibility Study of Telementoring for Identifying the Appendix Using Smartphone -Based Telesonography
27826671|a|We investigated the feasibility of the clinical application of novice - practitioner - performed / offsite - mentor -guided ultrasonography for identifying the appendix. A randomized crossover study was conducted using a telesonography system that can transmit the ultrasound images displayed on the ultrasound monitor (ultrasound sequence video) and images showing the practitioner's operations (background video) to a smartphone without any interruption in motion over a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network. Thirty novice practitioners were randomly assigned to two groups. The subjects in group A (n = 15) performed ultrasonography for the identification of the appendix under mentoring by an onsite expert, whereas those in group B (n = 15) performed the same procedure under mentoring by an offsite expert. Each subject performed the procedure on three simulated patients. After a 4- week interval, they performed the procedure again under the other type of mentoring. A total of 90 ultrasound examinations were performed in each scenario. The primary outcomes were the success rate for identifying the appendix and the time required to identify the appendix. The success rates for identifying the appendix were 91.1 % (82/90) in onsite - mentored ultrasonography and 87.8 % (79/90) in offsite - mentored ultrasonography; both rates were high, and there was no significant difference (p = 0.468) between them. The time required in the case of offsite mentoring (median, 242.9 s; interquartile range (IQR), 238.2) was longer than that for onsite mentoring (median, 291.4 s; IQR, 200.9); however, the difference was not significant (p = 0.051). It appears that offsite mentoring can allow novice onsite practitioners to perform ultrasonography as effectively as they can under onsite mentoring, even for examinations that require proficiency in rather complex practices, such as identifying the appendix.
27826671	2	19	Feasibility Study	T062,T170	C0015730
27826671	23	36	Telementoring	T065	C0013652
27826671	41	52	Identifying	T080	C0205396
27826671	57	65	Appendix	T023	C0003617
27826671	72	82	Smartphone	T073	C3204335
27826671	90	104	Telesonography	T060	C0430022
27826671	108	120	investigated	T169	C1292732
27826671	125	136	feasibility	T080	C0205556
27826671	144	152	clinical	T080	C0205210
27826671	153	164	application	T058	C0185125
27826671	168	174	novice	UnknownType	C0680250
27826671	177	189	practitioner	T097	C1709627
27826671	192	201	performed	T169	C0884358
27826671	204	211	offsite	T082	C3828730
27826671	214	220	mentor	T098	C0025369
27826671	229	244	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27826671	249	260	identifying	T080	C0205396
27826671	265	273	appendix	T023	C0003617
27826671	277	287	randomized	T062	C0034656
27826671	288	303	crossover study	T062	C0150097
27826671	326	347	telesonography system	T073	C3273359
27826671	357	365	transmit	T169	C0332289
27826671	370	380	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27826671	381	387	images	T078	C1551337
27826671	405	423	ultrasound monitor	T074	C3688807
27826671	425	450	ultrasound sequence video	T170	C3463807
27826671	456	462	images	T078	C1551337
27826671	475	489	practitioner's	T097	C1709627
27826671	490	500	operations	T052	C3241922
27826671	502	512	background	T077	C1706907
27826671	513	518	video	T170	C3463807
27826671	525	535	smartphone	T073	C3204335
27826671	548	560	interruption	T079	C1512900
27826671	564	570	motion	T070	C0026597
27826671	578	611	Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network	T073	C0282112
27826671	620	626	novice	UnknownType	C0680250
27826671	627	640	practitioners	T097	C1709627
27826671	655	663	assigned	T169	C1516050
27826671	671	677	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27826671	683	691	subjects	T098	C2349001
27826671	695	702	group A	UnknownType	C0681860
27826671	712	721	performed	T169	C0884358
27826671	722	737	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27826671	746	760	identification	T080	C0205396
27826671	768	776	appendix	T023	C0003617
27826671	783	792	mentoring	T065	C4255266
27826671	799	805	onsite	T082	C0205145
27826671	806	812	expert	T097	C0009817
27826671	831	838	group B	UnknownType	C0681860
27826671	848	857	performed	T169	C0884358
27826671	867	876	procedure	T060	C0430022
27826671	883	892	mentoring	T065	C4255266
27826671	899	906	offsite	T082	C3828730
27826671	907	913	expert	T097	C0009817
27826671	920	927	subject	T098	C2349001
27826671	928	937	performed	T169	C0884358
27826671	942	951	procedure	T060	C0430022
27826671	961	979	simulated patients	T065	C3825675
27826671	992	996	week	T079	C0439230
27826671	997	1005	interval	T079	C1272706
27826671	1012	1021	performed	T169	C0884358
27826671	1026	1035	procedure	T060	C0430022
27826671	1066	1075	mentoring	T065	C4255266
27826671	1091	1101	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
27826671	1102	1114	examinations	T058	C0582103
27826671	1120	1129	performed	T169	C0884358
27826671	1152	1168	primary outcomes	T080	C3274433
27826671	1178	1190	success rate	T081	C1521828
27826671	1195	1206	identifying	T080	C0205396
27826671	1211	1219	appendix	T023	C0003617
27826671	1228	1232	time	T079	C0040223
27826671	1233	1241	required	T169	C1514873
27826671	1245	1253	identify	T080	C0205396
27826671	1258	1266	appendix	T023	C0003617
27826671	1272	1285	success rates	T081	C1521828
27826671	1290	1301	identifying	T080	C0205396
27826671	1306	1314	appendix	T023	C0003617
27826671	1338	1344	onsite	T082	C0205145
27826671	1347	1355	mentored	T065	C4255266
27826671	1356	1371	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27826671	1394	1401	offsite	T082	C3828730
27826671	1404	1412	mentored	T065	C4255266
27826671	1413	1428	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27826671	1435	1440	rates	T081	C1521828
27826671	1466	1480	no significant	T033	C1273937
27826671	1481	1491	difference	T081	C1705241
27826671	1522	1526	time	T079	C0040223
27826671	1527	1535	required	T169	C1514873
27826671	1551	1558	offsite	T082	C3828730
27826671	1551	1558	offsite	T082	C3828730
27826671	1559	1568	mentoring	T065	C4255266
27826671	1570	1576	median	T081	C0876920
27826671	1587	1606	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27826671	1608	1611	IQR	T081	C1711350
27826671	1625	1631	longer	T080	C0205166
27826671	1646	1652	onsite	T082	C0205145
27826671	1653	1662	mentoring	T065	C4255266
27826671	1664	1670	median	T081	C0876920
27826671	1681	1684	IQR	T081	C1711350
27826671	1707	1717	difference	T081	C1705241
27826671	1722	1737	not significant	T033	C1273937
27826671	1767	1774	offsite	T082	C3828730
27826671	1775	1784	mentoring	T065	C4255266
27826671	1795	1801	novice	UnknownType	C0680250
27826671	1802	1808	onsite	T082	C0205145
27826671	1809	1822	practitioners	T097	C1709627
27826671	1834	1849	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27826671	1853	1864	effectively	T080	C1704419
27826671	1883	1889	onsite	T082	C0205145
27826671	1890	1899	mentoring	T065	C4255266
27826671	1910	1922	examinations	T058	C0582103
27826671	1936	1947	proficiency	T080	C0205556
27826671	1958	1965	complex	T080	C0439855
27826671	1966	1975	practices	T058	C1254363
27826671	1985	1996	identifying	T080	C0205396
27826671	2001	2009	appendix	T023	C0003617

27827387|t|DNA sequence diversity and the efficiency of natural selection in animal mitochondrial DNA
27827387|a|Selection is expected to be more efficient in species that are more diverse because both the efficiency of natural selection and DNA sequence diversity are expected to depend upon the effective population size. We explore this relationship across a data set of 751 mammal species for which we have mitochondrial polymorphism data. We introduce a method by which we can examine the relationship between our measure of the efficiency of natural selection, the nonsynonymous relative to the synonymous nucleotide site diversity (πN / πS), and synonymous nucleotide diversity (πS), avoiding the statistical non-independence between the two quantities. We show that these two variables are strongly negatively and linearly correlated on a log scale. The slope is such that as πS doubles, πN / πS is reduced by 34%. We show that the slope of this relationship differs between the two phylogenetic groups for which we have the most data, rodents and bats, and that it also differs between species with high and low body mass, and between those with high and low mass -specific metabolic rate.
27827387	0	12	DNA sequence	T086	C0162326
27827387	13	22	diversity	T080	C1880371
27827387	31	41	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27827387	45	62	natural selection	T070	C0086685
27827387	66	72	animal	T008	C0003062
27827387	73	90	mitochondrial DNA	T114,T123	C0012929
27827387	91	100	Selection	T070	C0086685
27827387	137	144	species	T185	C1705920
27827387	159	166	diverse	T080	C1880371
27827387	184	194	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27827387	198	215	natural selection	T070	C0086685
27827387	220	232	DNA sequence	T086	C0162326
27827387	233	242	diversity	T080	C1880371
27827387	285	300	population size	T081	C0032683
27827387	340	348	data set	T170	C0150098
27827387	356	362	mammal	T015	C0024660
27827387	363	370	species	T185	C1705920
27827387	389	402	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27827387	403	415	polymorphism	T045	C0032529
27827387	416	420	data	T078	C1511726
27827387	437	443	method	T170	C0025663
27827387	512	522	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27827387	526	543	natural selection	T070	C0086685
27827387	549	562	nonsynonymous	T086	C1709259
27827387	579	615	synonymous nucleotide site diversity	T086	C1710267
27827387	617	619	πN	T086	C1709259
27827387	622	624	πS	T086	C1710267
27827387	631	662	synonymous nucleotide diversity	T086	C1710267
27827387	664	666	πS	T086	C1710267
27827387	682	693	statistical	T081	C0237751
27827387	727	737	quantities	T081	C1265611
27827387	762	771	variables	T080	C0439828
27827387	825	834	log scale	T081	C2986775
27827387	840	845	slope	T081	C0807955
27827387	862	872	πS doubles	T086	C1710267
27827387	874	876	πN	T086	C1709259
27827387	879	881	πS	T086	C1710267
27827387	918	923	slope	T081	C0807955
27827387	969	981	phylogenetic	T080	C1519069
27827387	982	988	groups	T078	C0441833
27827387	1016	1020	data	T078	C1511726
27827387	1022	1029	rodents	T015	C0035804
27827387	1034	1038	bats	T015	C0008139
27827387	1073	1080	species	T185	C1705920
27827387	1086	1090	high	T080	C0205250
27827387	1095	1098	low	T080	C0205251
27827387	1099	1108	body mass	T033	C0518010
27827387	1133	1137	high	T080	C0205250
27827387	1142	1145	low	T080	C0205251
27827387	1146	1150	mass	T033	C0518010
27827387	1161	1175	metabolic rate	T039	C0870882

27828791|t|Efficacy and Safety of Vernakalant for Cardioversion of Recent-onset Atrial Fibrillation in the Asia - Pacific Region: A Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial
27828791|a|Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia. This phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of vernakalant hydrochloride for the pharmacological conversion of AF to sinus rhythm in patients with recent-onset (>3 hours to ≤7 days) symptomatic AF from the Asia - Pacific region. Patients received an infusion of vernakalant (3 mg/kg) or placebo for 10 minutes. If AF had not been terminated 15 minutes later, a second infusion of vernakalant (2 mg/kg) or placebo for 15 minutes was administered. The primary efficacy end point was conversion of AF to sinus rhythm for >1 minute within 90 minutes. The study was terminated early for administrative reasons; 123 patients from Korea, Taiwan, and India were randomized to receive vernakalant (n = 55) or placebo (n = 56). A greater proportion of patients who received vernakalant (52.7%) than placebo (12.5%) met the primary end point (P < 0.001), and cardioversion was faster in the vernakalant group than in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Vernakalant was generally well tolerated; the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar between the groups. We conclude that vernakalant is efficacious in the rapid cardioversion of recent-onset AF in patients from the Asia - Pacific region.
27828791	0	8	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
27828791	13	19	Safety	T068	C0036043
27828791	23	34	Vernakalant	T109,T121	C2001572
27828791	39	52	Cardioversion	T061	C0199550
27828791	56	88	Recent-onset Atrial Fibrillation	T047	C0741281
27828791	96	100	Asia	T083	C0003980
27828791	103	117	Pacific Region	UnknownType	C0681784
27828791	121	128	Phase 3	T079	C0439561
27828791	129	156	Randomized Controlled Trial	T062	C0206035
27828791	157	176	Atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27828791	178	180	AF	T047	C0004238
27828791	217	235	cardiac arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
27828791	242	249	phase 3	T079	C0439561
27828791	250	300	randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27828791	301	309	assessed	T052	C1516048
27828791	314	322	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27828791	327	333	safety	T068	C0036043
27828791	337	362	vernakalant hydrochloride	T109,T121	C3528638
27828791	371	386	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27828791	387	397	conversion	T169	C0439836
27828791	401	403	AF	T047	C0004238
27828791	407	419	sinus rhythm	T033	C0232201
27828791	423	431	patients	T101	C0030705
27828791	472	486	symptomatic AF	UnknownType	C0741283
27828791	496	500	Asia	T083	C0003980
27828791	503	517	Pacific region	UnknownType	C0681784
27828791	519	527	Patients	T101	C0030705
27828791	528	536	received	T080	C1514756
27828791	540	548	infusion	T169	C1827465
27828791	552	563	vernakalant	T109,T121	C2001572
27828791	577	584	placebo	T122	C1696465
27828791	604	606	AF	T047	C0004238
27828791	658	666	infusion	T169	C1827465
27828791	670	681	vernakalant	T109,T121	C2001572
27828791	695	702	placebo	T122	C1696465
27828791	722	734	administered	T169	C1521801
27828791	740	747	primary	T080	C0205225
27828791	748	756	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27828791	757	766	end point	T080	C2349179
27828791	771	781	conversion	T169	C0439836
27828791	785	787	AF	T047	C0004238
27828791	791	803	sinus rhythm	T033	C0232201
27828791	841	846	study	T062	C2603343
27828791	851	861	terminated	T169	C2348570
27828791	872	886	administrative	T033	C3845829
27828791	887	894	reasons	T033	C3841427
27828791	900	908	patients	T101	C0030705
27828791	914	919	Korea	T083	C0022771
27828791	921	927	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27828791	933	938	India	T083	C0021201
27828791	944	954	randomized	T062	C0034656
27828791	958	965	receive	T080	C1514756
27828791	966	977	vernakalant	T109,T121	C2001572
27828791	990	997	placebo	T122	C1696465
27828791	1032	1040	patients	T101	C0030705
27828791	1045	1053	received	T080	C1514756
27828791	1054	1065	vernakalant	T109,T121	C2001572
27828791	1079	1086	placebo	T122	C1696465
27828791	1103	1110	primary	T080	C0205225
27828791	1111	1120	end point	T080	C2349179
27828791	1138	1151	cardioversion	T061	C0199550
27828791	1170	1181	vernakalant	T109,T121	C2001572
27828791	1182	1187	group	T078	C0441833
27828791	1200	1207	placebo	T122	C1696465
27828791	1208	1213	group	T078	C0441833
27828791	1227	1238	Vernakalant	T109,T121	C2001572
27828791	1273	1282	incidence	T081	C0021149
27828791	1286	1319	treatment-emergent adverse events	T046	C0877248
27828791	1344	1350	groups	T078	C0441833
27828791	1369	1380	vernakalant	T109,T121	C2001572
27828791	1409	1422	cardioversion	T061	C0199550
27828791	1426	1441	recent-onset AF	T047	C0741281
27828791	1445	1453	patients	T101	C0030705
27828791	1463	1467	Asia	T083	C0003980
27828791	1470	1484	Pacific region	UnknownType	C0681784

27828852|t|Prognostic value of GLUT-1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A prisma-compliant meta-analysis
27828852|a|A variety of studies have evaluated the correlation between glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the prognostic significance of GLUT-1 in OSCC. Electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies. The last search was updated on July 2016. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled to evaluate the relationship between GLUT-1 and clinical features and hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CI were combined to measure the effect of GLUT-1 on overall survival (OS). P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. A total of 13 studies with 1301 subjects were included for meta-analysis. The pooled data showed that high GLUT-1 expression was associated with advanced tumor stages (n = 7, OR = 2.99, 95% CI: 2.01-4.46, P < 0.001), higher tumor grade (n = 5, OR = 3.34, 95% CI: 1.12-9.94, P = 0.031), tumor size (n = 5, OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 2.04-5.51, P < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (n = 5, OR = 3.15, 95% CI: 1.89-5.25, P < 0.001), tobacco use (n = 3, OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.18-4.01, P = 0.013), and distant metastasis (n = 2, OR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.19-7.9, P = 0.02). Furthermore, increased GLUT-1 expression was also correlated with shorter OS (n = 8, HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.51-2.33, P < 0.001). No significant publication bias was detected in this meta-analysis. GLUT-1 overexpression was in connection with aggressive clinical features and worse OS in OSCC. However, further studies are still needed to verify whether GLUT-1 could serve as a prognostic biomarker for OSCC.
27828852	0	16	Prognostic value	T081	C0449821
27828852	20	26	GLUT-1	T116,T123	C0168458
27828852	27	37	expression	T045	C1171362
27828852	41	69	oral squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0585362
27828852	73	103	prisma-compliant meta-analysis	T170	C0282574
27828852	117	124	studies	T062	C2603343
27828852	130	139	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27828852	144	155	correlation	T080	C1707520
27828852	164	185	glucose transporter-1	T116,T123	C0168458
27828852	187	193	GLUT-1	T116,T123	C0168458
27828852	195	205	expression	T045	C1171362
27828852	210	219	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27828852	223	251	oral squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0585362
27828852	253	257	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27828852	273	280	results	T169	C1274040
27828852	286	298	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27828852	303	315	inconclusive	T080	C1629507
27828852	319	332	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27828852	350	356	assess	T058	C0184514
27828852	361	371	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27828852	372	384	significance	T078	C0750502
27828852	388	394	GLUT-1	T116,T123	C0168458
27828852	398	402	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27828852	404	424	Electronic databases	T170	C3841595
27828852	428	434	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27828852	436	442	Embase	T170	C0282574
27828852	448	462	Web of Science	T170	C0282574
27828852	481	497	relevant studies	T062	C2603343
27828852	530	534	July	T080	C3829447
27828852	541	551	Odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27828852	553	555	OR	T081	C0028873
27828852	565	584	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27828852	586	588	CI	T081	C0009667
27828852	605	613	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27828852	618	630	relationship	T078	C1705630
27828852	639	645	GLUT-1	T116,T123	C0168458
27828852	650	667	clinical features	T033	C3810252
27828852	672	684	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27828852	686	688	HR	T081	C2985465
27828852	698	700	CI	T081	C0009667
27828852	718	725	measure	T081	C0079809
27828852	730	736	effect	T080	C1280500
27828852	740	746	GLUT-1	T116,T123	C0168458
27828852	750	766	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27828852	768	770	OS	T081	C4086681
27828852	806	831	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27828852	847	854	studies	T062	C2603343
27828852	865	873	subjects	T098	C0080105
27828852	892	905	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27828852	911	922	pooled data	T078	C1511726
27828852	940	946	GLUT-1	T116,T123	C0168458
27828852	947	957	expression	T045	C1171362
27828852	962	977	associated with	T080	C0332281
27828852	978	999	advanced tumor stages	T201	C1300072
27828852	1008	1010	OR	T081	C0028873
27828852	1023	1025	CI	T081	C0009667
27828852	1050	1068	higher tumor grade	T185	C0441800
27828852	1077	1079	OR	T081	C0028873
27828852	1092	1094	CI	T081	C0009667
27828852	1119	1129	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27828852	1138	1140	OR	T081	C0028873
27828852	1153	1155	CI	T081	C0009667
27828852	1180	1201	lymph node metastasis	T033	C0332397
27828852	1210	1212	OR	T081	C0028873
27828852	1225	1227	CI	T081	C0009667
27828852	1252	1263	tobacco use	T055	C0543414
27828852	1272	1274	OR	T081	C0028873
27828852	1287	1289	CI	T081	C0009667
27828852	1318	1336	distant metastasis	T201	C1302548
27828852	1345	1347	OR	T081	C0028873
27828852	1360	1362	CI	T081	C0009667
27828852	1398	1407	increased	T081	C0205217
27828852	1408	1414	GLUT-1	T116,T123	C0168458
27828852	1415	1425	expression	T045	C1171362
27828852	1435	1445	correlated	T080	C1707520
27828852	1451	1461	shorter OS	T081	C4086681
27828852	1470	1472	HR	T081	C2985465
27828852	1485	1487	CI	T081	C0009667
27828852	1515	1543	significant publication bias	T080	C0206086
27828852	1548	1556	detected	T033	C0442726
27828852	1565	1578	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27828852	1580	1586	GLUT-1	T116,T123	C0168458
27828852	1587	1601	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27828852	1625	1653	aggressive clinical features	T033	C3810252
27828852	1658	1666	worse OS	T081	C4086681
27828852	1670	1674	OSCC	T191	C0585362
27828852	1693	1700	studies	T062	C2603343
27828852	1736	1742	GLUT-1	T116,T123	C0168458
27828852	1760	1770	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27828852	1771	1780	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27828852	1785	1789	OSCC	T191	C0585362

27828958|t|Historical Environment Is Reflected in Modern Population Genetics and Biogeography of an Island Endemic Lizard (Xantusia riversiana reticulata)
27828958|a|The restricted distribution and isolation of island endemics often produces unique genetic and phenotypic diversity of conservation interest to management agencies. However, these isolated species, especially those with sensitive life history traits, are at high risk for the adverse effects of genetic drift and habitat degradation by non-native wildlife. Here, we study the population genetic diversity, structure, and stability of a classic " island giant " (Xantusia riversiana, the Island Night Lizard) on San Clemente Island, California following the removal of feral goats. Using DNA microsatellites, we found that this population is reasonably genetically robust despite historical grazing, with similar effective population sizes and genetic diversity metrics across all sampling locations irrespective of habitat type and degree of degradation. However, we also found strong site-specific patterns of genetic variation and low genetic diversity compared to mainland congeners, warranting continued special management as an island endemic. We identify both high and low elevation areas that remain valuable repositories of genetic diversity and provide a case study for other low-dispersal coastal organisms in the face of future climate change.
27828958	0	10	Historical	T079	C0681698
27828958	11	22	Environment	T082	C0014406
27828958	39	65	Modern Population Genetics	T090	C0017404
27828958	70	82	Biogeography	T090	C2936603
27828958	89	95	Island	T083	C0022130
27828958	96	103	Endemic	T169	C0243130
27828958	104	110	Lizard	T014	C0023916
27828958	112	142	Xantusia riversiana reticulata	T014	C0999100
27828958	148	171	restricted distribution	T169	C1704711
27828958	176	185	isolation	T169	C0205409
27828958	189	195	island	T083	C0022130
27828958	196	204	endemics	T169	C0243130
27828958	227	234	genetic	T070	C0042333
27828958	239	249	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27828958	250	259	diversity	T080	C1880371
27828958	263	275	conservation	T080	C2347858
27828958	288	298	management	T090	C3273539
27828958	299	307	agencies	T092	C0237463
27828958	324	332	isolated	T169	C0205409
27828958	333	340	species	T185	C1705920
27828958	364	373	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27828958	374	386	life history	T032	C0598779
27828958	387	393	traits	T032	C0599883
27828958	402	411	high risk	T033	C0332167
27828958	420	435	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27828958	439	452	genetic drift	T045	C0917892
27828958	457	464	habitat	T082	C0871648
27828958	465	476	degradation	T169	C0243125
27828958	480	499	non-native wildlife	T008	C0003070
27828958	510	515	study	T062	C2603343
27828958	520	530	population	T098	C1257890
27828958	531	548	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27828958	550	559	structure	T082	C0678594
27828958	565	574	stability	T080	C0205360
27828958	590	602	island giant	T014	C0023916
27828958	606	625	Xantusia riversiana	T014	C0999100
27828958	631	650	Island Night Lizard	T014	C0023916
27828958	655	674	San Clemente Island	T083	C0022130
27828958	676	686	California	T083	C0006754
27828958	701	708	removal	T052	C1883720
27828958	712	723	feral goats	T015	C1510458
27828958	731	734	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27828958	735	750	microsatellites	T114,T123	C1519302
27828958	771	781	population	T098	C1257890
27828958	796	807	genetically	T169	C0314603
27828958	808	814	robust	T080	C2986815
27828958	823	833	historical	T079	C0681698
27828958	834	841	grazing	T040	C3178952
27828958	866	882	population sizes	T081	C0032683
27828958	887	904	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27828958	924	932	sampling	T078	C0870078
27828958	933	942	locations	T083	C0017446
27828958	959	966	habitat	T082	C0871648
27828958	976	997	degree of degradation	T080	C0205556
27828958	1029	1042	site-specific	T082	C0449604
27828958	1043	1051	patterns	T082	C0449774
27828958	1055	1072	genetic variation	T070	C0042333
27828958	1081	1098	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27828958	1111	1129	mainland congeners	T014	C0035161
27828958	1160	1170	management	T090	C3273539
27828958	1177	1183	island	T083	C0022130
27828958	1184	1191	endemic	T169	C0243130
27828958	1210	1214	high	T080	C0205250
27828958	1219	1222	low	T080	C0205251
27828958	1223	1238	elevation areas	T082	C0702240
27828958	1260	1272	repositories	T073	C3847505
27828958	1276	1293	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27828958	1308	1318	case study	T170	C0085973
27828958	1329	1342	low-dispersal	T070	C1254365
27828958	1343	1350	coastal	T082	C0557760
27828958	1351	1360	organisms	T001	C0029235
27828958	1376	1382	future	T079	C0016884
27828958	1383	1397	climate change	T070	C2718051

27828996|t|Biogeography and Character Evolution of the Ciliate Genus Euplotes (Spirotrichea, Euplotia), with Description of Euplotes curdsi sp. nov
27828996|a|Ciliates comprise a diverse and ecologically important phylum of unicellular protists. One of the most specious and best-defined genera is Euplotes, which constitutes more than 70 morphospecies, many of which have never been molecularly tested. The increasing number of described Euplotes taxa emphasizes the importance for detailed characterizations of new ones, requiring standardized morphological observations, sequencing of molecular markers and careful comparison with previous literature. Here we describe Euplotes curdsi sp. nov ., distinguishable by the combination of the following features: 45-65 μm length, oval or elongated shape with both ends rounded, narrow peristome with 25-34 adoral membranelles, conspicuous paroral membrane, double-eurystomus dorsal argyrome type, 6-7 dorsolateral kineties and 10 frontoventral cirri. Three populations of the novel species have been found in brackish and marine samples in the Mediterranean and the White Sea. We provide the SSU rRNA gene sequences of these populations, and an updated phylogeny of the genus Euplotes. Using the molecular phylogenetic tree, we inferred aspects of the biogeographical history of the genus and the evolution of its most important taxonomic characters in order to provide a frame for future descriptions. Ultimately, these data reveal recurrent trends of freshwater invasion and highlight the dynamic, yet convergent, morphological evolution of Euplotes.
27828996	0	12	Biogeography	T090	C2936603
27828996	27	36	Evolution	T038	C0282688
27828996	44	51	Ciliate	T204	C0008781
27828996	52	57	Genus	T185	C1708235
27828996	58	66	Euplotes	T204	C0085343
27828996	68	80	Spirotrichea	T204	C1004715
27828996	82	90	Euplotia	T204	C0085343
27828996	98	109	Description	T170	C0678257
27828996	113	136	Euplotes curdsi sp. nov	T204	C0085343
27828996	137	145	Ciliates	T204	C0008781
27828996	157	164	diverse	T080	C1880371
27828996	169	181	ecologically	T077	C0870460
27828996	182	191	important	T080	C3898777
27828996	192	198	phylum	T185	C1709533
27828996	202	222	unicellular protists	T001	C0597305
27828996	266	272	genera	T185	C1708235
27828996	276	284	Euplotes	T204	C0085343
27828996	317	330	morphospecies	T185	C1705920
27828996	362	380	molecularly tested	T169	C0039593
27828996	417	425	Euplotes	T204	C0085343
27828996	426	430	taxa	T077	C1515221
27828996	470	487	characterizations	T052	C1880022
27828996	524	537	morphological	T082	C0543482
27828996	538	550	observations	T062	C0302523
27828996	552	562	sequencing	T169	C1561491
27828996	566	583	molecular markers	T201	C0005516
27828996	596	606	comparison	T052	C1707455
27828996	621	631	literature	T170	C0023866
27828996	650	673	Euplotes curdsi sp. nov	T204	C0085343
27828996	677	692	distinguishable	T080	C0205615
27828996	700	711	combination	T080	C0205195
27828996	729	737	features	T080	C2348519
27828996	748	754	length	T081	C1444754
27828996	756	779	oval or elongated shape	T080	C0332437
27828996	804	820	narrow peristome	T080	C0332437
27828996	832	851	adoral membranelles	T080	C0332437
27828996	853	881	conspicuous paroral membrane	T026	C0596901
27828996	883	921	double-eurystomus dorsal argyrome type	T080	C0332437
27828996	927	948	dorsolateral kineties	T080	C0332437
27828996	956	975	frontoventral cirri	T080	C0332437
27828996	983	994	populations	T081	C0032659
27828996	1008	1015	species	T185	C1705920
27828996	1035	1043	brackish	T131,T197	C0337056
27828996	1048	1062	marine samples	T083	C0017446
27828996	1070	1083	Mediterranean	T083	C0025138
27828996	1092	1101	White Sea	T083	C0017446
27828996	1118	1131	SSU rRNA gene	T028	C0017337
27828996	1132	1141	sequences	T028	C1517495
27828996	1151	1162	populations	T081	C0032659
27828996	1179	1188	phylogeny	T078	C0031797
27828996	1196	1201	genus	T185	C1708235
27828996	1202	1210	Euplotes	T204	C0085343
27828996	1222	1231	molecular	T080	C1521991
27828996	1232	1249	phylogenetic tree	T080	C0205556
27828996	1263	1270	aspects	T080	C1879746
27828996	1278	1301	biogeographical history	T169	C0019665
27828996	1309	1314	genus	T185	C1708235
27828996	1323	1332	evolution	T038	C0282688
27828996	1355	1364	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
27828996	1365	1375	characters	T080	C1521970
27828996	1415	1427	descriptions	T170	C0678257
27828996	1447	1451	data	T078	C1511726
27828996	1459	1468	recurrent	T079	C2945760
27828996	1469	1475	trends	T079	C1521798
27828996	1479	1489	freshwater	T167	C0016710
27828996	1542	1555	morphological	T082	C0543482
27828996	1556	1565	evolution	T038	C0282688
27828996	1569	1577	Euplotes	T204	C0085343

27829026|t|Cross-Species Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Infection of Cynomolgus Macaques
27829026|a|Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) are highly species-specific due to millennia of co-evolution and adaptation to their host, with no successful experimental cross- species infection in primates reported to date. Accordingly, full genome phylogenetic analysis of multiple new CMV field isolates derived from two closely related nonhuman primate species, Indian-origin rhesus macaques (RM) and Mauritian -origin cynomolgus macaques (MCM), revealed distinct and tight lineage clustering according to the species of origin, with MCM CMV isolates mirroring the limited genetic diversity of their primate host that underwent a population bottleneck 400 years ago. Despite the ability of Rhesus CMV (RhCMV) laboratory strain 68-1 to replicate efficiently in MCM fibroblasts and potently inhibit antigen presentation to MCM T cells in vitro, RhCMV 68-1 failed to productively infect MCM in vivo, even in the absence of host CD8+ T and NK cells. In contrast, RhCMV clone 68-1.2, genetically repaired to express the homologues of the HCMV anti-apoptosis gene UL36 and epithelial cell tropism genes UL128 and UL130 absent in 68-1, efficiently infected MCM as evidenced by the induction of transgene -specific T cells and virus shedding. Recombinant variants of RhCMV 68-1 and 68-1.2 revealed that expression of either UL36 or UL128 together with UL130 enabled productive MCM infection, indicating that multiple layers of cross- species restriction operate even between closely related hosts. Cumulatively, these results implicate cell tropism and evasion of apoptosis as critical determinants of CMV transmission across primate species barriers, and extend the macaque model of human CMV infection and immunology to MCM, a nonhuman primate species with uniquely simplified host immunogenetics.
27829026	14	20	Rhesus	T015	C0024400
27829026	21	46	Cytomegalovirus Infection	T047	C0010823
27829026	50	69	Cynomolgus Macaques	T015	C0024399
27829026	70	87	Cytomegaloviruses	T005	C0010825
27829026	89	92	CMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	142	154	co-evolution	T045	C0015219
27829026	159	169	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27829026	179	183	host	T001	C1167395
27829026	224	231	species	T185	C1705920
27829026	232	241	infection	T046	C3714514
27829026	245	253	primates	T015	C0033147
27829026	290	296	genome	T028	C0017428
27829026	297	318	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27829026	335	338	CMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	345	353	isolates	T123	C1764827
27829026	387	403	nonhuman primate	T015	C0237798
27829026	404	411	species	T185	C1705920
27829026	413	426	Indian-origin	T033	C0425361
27829026	427	442	rhesus macaques	T015	C0024400
27829026	444	446	RM	T015	C0024400
27829026	452	461	Mauritian	T083	C0024944
27829026	470	489	cynomolgus macaques	T015	C0024399
27829026	491	494	MCM	T015	C0024399
27829026	525	532	lineage	T077	C1881379
27829026	561	578	species of origin	T033	C0449420
27829026	585	588	MCM	T015	C0024399
27829026	589	592	CMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	593	601	isolates	T123	C1764827
27829026	624	641	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27829026	651	658	primate	T015	C0033147
27829026	659	663	host	T001	C1167395
27829026	730	737	ability	T032	C0085732
27829026	741	747	Rhesus	T015	C0024400
27829026	748	751	CMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	753	758	RhCMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	760	777	laboratory strain	T025	C0007635
27829026	786	795	replicate	T080	C1883725
27829026	811	814	MCM	T015	C0024399
27829026	815	826	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27829026	840	868	inhibit antigen presentation	T039	C2250749
27829026	872	875	MCM	T015	C0024399
27829026	876	883	T cells	T025	C0039194
27829026	884	892	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27829026	894	899	RhCMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	928	934	infect	T046	C3714514
27829026	935	938	MCM	T015	C0024399
27829026	939	946	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27829026	971	975	host	T001	C1167395
27829026	976	982	CD8+ T	T025	C0242629
27829026	987	995	NK cells	T025	C0022688
27829026	1010	1015	RhCMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	1016	1021	clone	T024	C1522642
27829026	1030	1041	genetically	T169	C0314603
27829026	1042	1050	repaired	T058	C1705181
27829026	1054	1061	express	T045	C0017262
27829026	1066	1076	homologues	T028	C1334043
27829026	1084	1088	HCMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	1089	1103	anti-apoptosis	T043	C1512772
27829026	1104	1113	gene UL36	T116,T123	C0210337
27829026	1118	1141	epithelial cell tropism	T039	C4277517
27829026	1142	1153	genes UL128	T116,T123	C2605215
27829026	1158	1163	UL130	T116,T123	C1608605
27829026	1192	1200	infected	T046	C3714514
27829026	1201	1204	MCM	T098	C1257890
27829026	1225	1234	induction	T045	C0017391
27829026	1238	1247	transgene	T028	C0282641
27829026	1258	1265	T cells	T025	C0039194
27829026	1270	1284	virus shedding	T046	C0162633
27829026	1286	1306	Recombinant variants	T116	C0034861
27829026	1310	1315	RhCMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	1346	1356	expression	T045	C0017262
27829026	1367	1371	UL36	T116,T123	C0210337
27829026	1375	1380	UL128	T116,T123	C2605215
27829026	1395	1400	UL130	T116,T123	C1608605
27829026	1420	1423	MCM	T098	C1257890
27829026	1424	1433	infection	T046	C3714514
27829026	1477	1484	species	T185	C1705920
27829026	1485	1496	restriction	T169	C0443288
27829026	1534	1539	hosts	T001	C1167395
27829026	1579	1591	cell tropism	T039	C4277517
27829026	1607	1616	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27829026	1629	1641	determinants	T169	C1521761
27829026	1645	1648	CMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	1649	1661	transmission	T043	C1160716
27829026	1669	1676	primate	T015	C0033147
27829026	1677	1684	species	T185	C1705920
27829026	1710	1717	macaque	T015	C0024398
27829026	1718	1723	model	T170	C3161035
27829026	1727	1732	human	T016	C0086418
27829026	1733	1736	CMV	T005	C0010825
27829026	1737	1746	infection	T046	C3714514
27829026	1751	1761	immunology	T091	C0152036
27829026	1765	1768	MCM	T098	C1257890
27829026	1772	1788	nonhuman primate	T015	C0237798
27829026	1789	1796	species	T185	C1705920
27829026	1822	1826	host	T001	C1167395
27829026	1827	1841	immunogenetics	T091	C0021005

27829141|t|Modelling the influence of temperature and rainfall on malaria incidence in four endemic provinces of Zambia using semiparametric Poisson regression
27829141|a|Although malaria morbidity and mortality are greatly reduced globally owing to great control efforts, the disease remains the main contributor. In Zambia, all provinces are malaria endemic. However, the transmission intensities vary mainly depending on environmental factors as they interact with the vectors. Generally in Africa, possibly due to the varying perspectives and methods used, there is variation on the relative importance of malaria risk determinants. In Zambia, the role climatic factors play on malaria case rates has not been determined in combination of space and time using robust methods in modelling. This is critical considering the reversal in malaria reduction after the year 2010 and the variation by transmission zones. Using a geoadditive or structured additive semiparametric Poisson regression model, we determined the influence of climatic factors on malaria incidence in four endemic provinces of Zambia. We demonstrate a strong positive association between malaria incidence and precipitation as well as minimum temperature. The risk of malaria was 95% lower in Lusaka (ARR =0.05, 95% CI =0.04-0.06) and 68% lower in the Western Province (ARR =0.31, 95% CI =0.25-0.41) compared to Luapula Province. North-western Province did not vary from Luapula Province. The effects of geographical region are clearly demonstrated by the unique behaviour and effects of minimum and maximum temperatures in the four provinces. Environmental factors such as landscape in urbanised places may also be playing a role.
27829141	0	9	Modelling	T062	C0870071
27829141	14	23	influence	T077	C4054723
27829141	27	38	temperature	T081	C0039476
27829141	43	51	rainfall	T070	C0034640
27829141	55	62	malaria	T047	C0024530
27829141	63	72	incidence	T081	C0021149
27829141	81	88	endemic	T047	C0277550
27829141	89	98	provinces	T083	C1514578
27829141	102	108	Zambia	T083	C0043445
27829141	115	148	semiparametric Poisson regression	T081	C0023962
27829141	158	165	malaria	T047	C0024530
27829141	166	175	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27829141	180	189	mortality	T081	C0681679
27829141	210	218	globally	T080	C2348867
27829141	234	241	control	T061	C0920467
27829141	242	249	efforts	T040	C0015264
27829141	255	262	disease	T047	C0024530
27829141	280	291	contributor	T052	C1880177
27829141	296	302	Zambia	T083	C0043445
27829141	308	317	provinces	T083	C1514578
27829141	322	329	malaria	T047	C0024530
27829141	330	337	endemic	T169	C0014508
27829141	352	364	transmission	T046	C0242781
27829141	402	423	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
27829141	432	440	interact	T169	C1704675
27829141	450	457	vectors	T008	C0012656
27829141	472	478	Africa	T083	C0001737
27829141	508	520	perspectives	UnknownType	C0814830
27829141	525	532	methods	T170	C0025663
27829141	588	595	malaria	T047	C0024530
27829141	596	600	risk	T078	C0035647
27829141	601	613	determinants	T169	C0014501
27829141	618	624	Zambia	T083	C0043445
27829141	635	651	climatic factors	UnknownType	C0868933
27829141	660	667	malaria	T047	C0024530
27829141	668	672	case	T169	C0868928
27829141	673	678	rates	T081	C0026538
27829141	721	726	space	T082	C1883067
27829141	731	735	time	T079	C0040223
27829141	742	748	robust	T080	C2986815
27829141	749	756	methods	T170	C0025663
27829141	760	769	modelling	T062	C0870071
27829141	779	787	critical	T080	C1511545
27829141	804	812	reversal	T169	C0443290
27829141	816	823	malaria	T047	C0024530
27829141	824	833	reduction	T061	C0441610
27829141	862	871	variation	T080	C0205419
27829141	875	887	transmission	T046	C0242781
27829141	888	893	zones	T082	C1710706
27829141	903	914	geoadditive	T081	C4046053
27829141	918	977	structured additive semiparametric Poisson regression model	T081	C0023962
27829141	997	1006	influence	T077	C4054723
27829141	1010	1026	climatic factors	UnknownType	C0868933
27829141	1030	1037	malaria	T047	C0024530
27829141	1038	1047	incidence	T081	C0021149
27829141	1056	1063	endemic	T047	C0277550
27829141	1064	1073	provinces	T083	C1514578
27829141	1077	1083	Zambia	T083	C0043445
27829141	1109	1117	positive	T033	C1446409
27829141	1118	1129	association	T080	C0439849
27829141	1138	1145	malaria	T047	C0024530
27829141	1146	1155	incidence	T081	C0021149
27829141	1160	1173	precipitation	T070	C2584299
27829141	1185	1204	minimum temperature	T070	C0009264
27829141	1210	1214	risk	T078	C0035647
27829141	1218	1225	malaria	T047	C0024530
27829141	1243	1249	Lusaka	T083	C0043445
27829141	1251	1254	ARR	T081	C3179139
27829141	1266	1268	CI	T081	C0009667
27829141	1302	1318	Western Province	T083	C0043445
27829141	1320	1323	ARR	T081	C3179139
27829141	1335	1337	CI	T081	C0009667
27829141	1362	1378	Luapula Province	T083	C0043445
27829141	1380	1402	North-western Province	T083	C0043445
27829141	1421	1437	Luapula Province	T083	C0043445
27829141	1454	1473	geographical region	T083	C0454689
27829141	1513	1522	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27829141	1527	1537	effects of	T080	C1704420
27829141	1538	1545	minimum	T070	C0009264
27829141	1550	1570	maximum temperatures	T033	C4060775
27829141	1583	1592	provinces	T083	C1514578
27829141	1594	1615	Environmental factors	T169	C1516998
27829141	1624	1633	landscape	T082	C0870781
27829141	1637	1653	urbanised places	T083	C0442529

27829875|t|Mildly raised tricuspid regurgitant velocity 2.5-3.0 m/s in pregnant women with sickle cell disease is not associated with poor obstetric outcome - An observational cross-sectional study
27829875|a|Pulmonary hypertension is associated with 36% mortality in pregnancy, and 6-10% of patients with sickle cell disease have pulmonary hypertension. Tricuspid regurgitant velocity ≥2.5 m/s on echocardiography is a well validated means of screening for pulmonary hypertension in the non-pregnant population. This is a pilot study to determine if this is a useful non-invasive screening test for pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy, and whether raised tricuspid regurgitant velocity ≥2.5 m/s was associated with poor outcomes. This is a cross-sectional study over a five-year period in a tertiary referral centre with a specialised multidisciplinary clinic for pregnant women with sickle cell disease. Women with sickle cell disease, no prior pulmonary hypertension and singleton pregnancies who had echocardiography with a measurable tricuspid regurgitant velocity in pregnancy were included. There were 34 pregnancies, of which eight had tricuspid regurgitant velocity ≥2.5 m/s. There were no significant differences in their characteristics, sickle cell -related complications or medical co-morbidities. The women with tricuspid regurgitant velocity ≥2.5 m/s had similar obstetric and perinatal outcomes as those with a tricuspid regurgitant velocity <2.5 m/s.
27829875	0	6	Mildly	T080	C2945599
27829875	7	13	raised	T080	C0442818
27829875	14	44	tricuspid regurgitant velocity	T033	C2059632
27829875	60	74	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27829875	80	99	sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895
27829875	107	122	associated with	T080	C0332281
27829875	123	127	poor	T080	C0542537
27829875	128	137	obstetric	T169	C0205484
27829875	138	145	outcome	T169	C1274040
27829875	151	186	observational cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27829875	187	209	Pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27829875	213	228	associated with	T080	C0332281
27829875	233	242	mortality	T081	C0024923
27829875	246	255	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27829875	270	278	patients	T101	C0030705
27829875	284	303	sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895
27829875	309	331	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27829875	333	363	Tricuspid regurgitant velocity	T033	C2059632
27829875	376	392	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
27829875	422	431	screening	T058	C1710032
27829875	436	458	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27829875	466	478	non-pregnant	T033	C0232973
27829875	479	489	population	T098	C1257890
27829875	501	512	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27829875	546	558	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27829875	559	573	screening test	T058	C0871311
27829875	578	600	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27829875	604	613	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27829875	634	664	tricuspid regurgitant velocity	T033	C2059632
27829875	678	693	associated with	T080	C0332281
27829875	694	698	poor	T080	C0542537
27829875	699	707	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27829875	719	740	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27829875	770	794	tertiary referral centre	T073,T093	C0587437
27829875	814	838	multidisciplinary clinic	T093	C0242933
27829875	843	857	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27829875	863	882	sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895
27829875	884	889	Women	T098	C0043210
27829875	895	914	sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895
27829875	925	947	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27829875	952	961	singleton	T099	C1313913
27829875	962	973	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27829875	982	998	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
27829875	1017	1047	tricuspid regurgitant velocity	T033	C2059632
27829875	1051	1060	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27829875	1090	1101	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
27829875	1122	1152	tricuspid regurgitant velocity	T033	C2059632
27829875	1174	1188	no significant	T033	C1273937
27829875	1210	1225	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27829875	1227	1238	sickle cell	T025	C0221283
27829875	1248	1261	complications	T046	C0009566
27829875	1265	1272	medical	T169	C0205476
27829875	1273	1287	co-morbidities	T081	C0026538
27829875	1293	1298	women	T098	C0043210
27829875	1304	1334	tricuspid regurgitant velocity	T033	C2059632
27829875	1356	1365	obstetric	T169	C0205484
27829875	1370	1379	perinatal	T079	C0178795
27829875	1380	1388	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27829875	1405	1435	tricuspid regurgitant velocity	T033	C2059632

27830025|t|Sevoflurane postconditioning improves myocardial mitochondrial respiratory function and reduces myocardial ischemia - reperfusion injury by up-regulating HIF-1
27830025|a|Sevoflurane postconditioning (SPostC) can exert myocardial protective effects similar to ischemic preconditioning. However, the exact myocardial protection mechanism by SPostC is unclear. Studies indicate that hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) maintains cellular respiration homeostasis by regulating mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity under hypoxic conditions. This study investigated whether SPostC could regulate the expression of myocardial HIF-1α and to improve mitochondrial respiratory function, thereby relieving myocardial ischemia - reperfusion injury in rats. The myocardial ischemia - reperfusion rat model was established using the Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus. Additionally, postconditioning was performed using sevoflurane alone or in combination with the HIF-1α inhibitor 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2). The changes in hemodynamic parameters, HIF-1α protein expression levels, mitochondrial respiratory function and enzyme activity, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production rates, and mitochondrial ultrastructure were measured or observed. Compared to the ischemia - reperfusion (I / R) group, HIF-1α expression in the SPostC group was significantly up-regulated. Additionally, cardiac function indicators, mitochondrial state 3 respiratory rate, respiratory control ratio (RCR), cytochrome C oxidase (CcO), NADH oxidase (NADHO), and succinate oxidase (SUCO) activities, mitochondrial ROS production rate, and mitochondrial ultrastructure were significantly better than those in the I / R group. However, these advantages were completely reversed by the HIF-1α specific inhibitor 2ME2 (P<0.05). The myocardial protective function of SPostC might be associated with the improvement of mitochondrial respiratory function after up-regulation of HIF-1α expression.
27830025	0	11	Sevoflurane	T109,T121	C0074414
27830025	0	28	Sevoflurane postconditioning	T061	C0087111
27830025	29	37	improves	T033	C0184511
27830025	38	48	myocardial	T024	C0027061
27830025	49	62	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27830025	63	83	respiratory function	T043	C0282636
27830025	88	95	reduces	T080	C0392756
27830025	96	115	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27830025	118	136	reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
27830025	140	153	up-regulating	T044	C0041904
27830025	154	159	HIF-1	T116,T123	C0215848
27830025	160	171	Sevoflurane	T109,T121	C0074414
27830025	160	188	Sevoflurane postconditioning	T061	C0087111
27830025	190	196	SPostC	T061	C0087111
27830025	208	218	myocardial	T024	C0027061
27830025	219	229	protective	T033	C1545588
27830025	230	237	effects	T080	C1280500
27830025	249	273	ischemic preconditioning	T061	C2936234
27830025	294	304	myocardial	T024	C0027061
27830025	305	315	protection	T033	C1545588
27830025	316	325	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27830025	329	335	SPostC	T061	C0087111
27830025	348	355	Studies	T062	C2603343
27830025	370	396	hypoxia-inducible factor-1	T116,T123	C0215848
27830025	398	403	HIF-1	T116,T123	C0215848
27830025	415	435	cellular respiration	T043	C0282636
27830025	436	447	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27830025	462	475	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27830025	476	493	respiratory chain	T044	C0162362
27830025	494	509	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
27830025	516	534	hypoxic conditions	T046	C0242184
27830025	541	546	study	T062	C2603343
27830025	547	559	investigated	T169	C1292732
27830025	568	574	SPostC	T061	C0087111
27830025	594	604	expression	T045	C1171362
27830025	608	618	myocardial	T024	C0027061
27830025	619	625	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
27830025	633	640	improve	T033	C0184511
27830025	641	654	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27830025	655	675	respiratory function	T043	C0282636
27830025	695	714	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27830025	717	735	reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
27830025	739	743	rats	T015	C0034721
27830025	749	768	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27830025	771	782	reperfusion	T037	C0035126
27830025	783	786	rat	T015	C0034721
27830025	787	792	model	T008	C0599779
27830025	819	865	Langendorff isolated heart perfusion apparatus	T059	C4042864
27830025	881	897	postconditioning	T061	C0087111
27830025	918	929	sevoflurane	T109,T121	C0074414
27830025	963	969	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
27830025	970	979	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27830025	980	998	2-methoxyestradiol	T109,T121	C0046319
27830025	1000	1004	2ME2	T109,T121	C0046319
27830025	1022	1033	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27830025	1034	1044	parameters	T077	C0549193
27830025	1046	1052	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
27830025	1053	1071	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27830025	1072	1078	levels	T080	C0441889
27830025	1080	1093	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27830025	1094	1114	respiratory function	T043	C0282636
27830025	1119	1134	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
27830025	1136	1149	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27830025	1150	1173	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27830025	1175	1178	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27830025	1180	1190	production	T038	C0220781
27830025	1191	1196	rates	T081	C1521828
27830025	1202	1215	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27830025	1216	1230	ultrastructure	T078	C0041623
27830025	1236	1244	measured	T080	C0444706
27830025	1248	1256	observed	T169	C1441672
27830025	1258	1266	Compared	T052	C1707455
27830025	1274	1282	ischemia	T047	C0151744
27830025	1285	1296	reperfusion	T037	C0035126
27830025	1298	1299	I	T047	C0151744
27830025	1302	1303	R	T037	C0035126
27830025	1305	1310	group	T078	C0441833
27830025	1312	1318	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
27830025	1319	1329	expression	T045	C1171362
27830025	1337	1343	SPostC	T061	C0087111
27830025	1344	1349	group	T078	C0441833
27830025	1368	1380	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27830025	1396	1412	cardiac function	T042	C0232164
27830025	1425	1438	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27830025	1439	1458	state 3 respiratory	T043	C0282636
27830025	1459	1463	rate	T081	C1521828
27830025	1465	1490	respiratory control ratio	T081	C0456603
27830025	1492	1495	RCR	T081	C0456603
27830025	1498	1518	cytochrome C oxidase	T116,T126	C0010760
27830025	1520	1523	CcO	T116,T126	C0010760
27830025	1526	1538	NADH oxidase	T116,T126	C0131722
27830025	1540	1545	NADHO	T116,T126	C0131722
27830025	1552	1569	succinate oxidase	T116,T126	C0075423
27830025	1571	1575	SUCO	T116,T126	C0075423
27830025	1577	1587	activities	T044	C0243102
27830025	1589	1602	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27830025	1603	1606	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27830025	1607	1617	production	T038	C0220781
27830025	1618	1622	rate	T081	C1521828
27830025	1628	1641	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27830025	1642	1656	ultrastructure	T078	C0041623
27830025	1701	1702	I	T047	C0151744
27830025	1705	1706	R	T037	C0035126
27830025	1707	1712	group	T078	C0441833
27830025	1772	1778	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
27830025	1788	1797	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27830025	1798	1802	2ME2	T109,T121	C0046319
27830025	1817	1827	myocardial	T024	C0027061
27830025	1828	1838	protective	T033	C1545588
27830025	1851	1857	SPostC	T061	C0087111
27830025	1887	1898	improvement	T077	C2986411
27830025	1902	1915	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27830025	1916	1936	respiratory function	T043	C0282636
27830025	1960	1966	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
27830025	1967	1977	expression	T045	C1171362

27830257|t|Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics
27830257|a|The aim of this manuscript is to provide a brief overview of the scientific challenges that should be addressed in order to unlock the full potential of using data from a general point of view, as well as to present some ideas that could help answer specific needs for data understanding in the field of health sciences and epidemiology. A survey of uses and challenges of big data analyses for medicine and public health was conducted. The first part of the paper focuses on big data techniques, algorithms, and statistical approaches to identify patterns in data. The second part describes some cutting-edge applications of analyses and predictive modeling in public health. In recent years, we witnessed a revolution regarding the nature, collection, and availability of data in general. This was especially striking in the health sector and particularly in the field of epidemiology. Data derives from a large variety of sources, e.g. clinical settings, billing claims, care scheduling, drug usage, web based search queries, and Tweets. The exploitation of the information (data mining, artificial intelligence) relevant to these data has become one of the most promising as well challenging tasks from societal and scientific viewpoints in order to leverage the information available and making public health more efficient.
27830257	0	13	Public Health	T091	C0034019
27830257	18	30	Epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27830257	31	42	Informatics	T091	C0008960
27830257	47	50	aim	T078	C1947946
27830257	59	69	manuscript	T073,T170	C0600659
27830257	86	91	brief	T079	C1879313
27830257	92	100	overview	T078	C1552617
27830257	108	118	scientific	T090	C0036397
27830257	119	129	challenges	T033	C0033213
27830257	167	173	unlock	T078	C1550031
27830257	178	182	full	T080	C0443225
27830257	183	192	potential	T080	C3245505
27830257	202	206	data	T078	C1511726
27830257	251	258	present	T078	C0449450
27830257	264	269	ideas	T078	C1254370
27830257	293	301	specific	T080	C0205369
27830257	302	307	needs	T080	C0027552
27830257	312	316	data	T078	C1511726
27830257	338	362	field of health sciences	T091	C1512352
27830257	367	379	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27830257	383	389	survey	T170	C0038951
27830257	393	397	uses	T169	C0457083
27830257	402	412	challenges	T033	C0033213
27830257	416	433	big data analyses	T057	C0010992
27830257	438	446	medicine	T091	C0025118
27830257	451	464	public health	T091	C0034019
27830257	484	489	first	T081	C0205435
27830257	490	494	part	T082	C0449719
27830257	508	515	focuses	T169	C1285542
27830257	519	538	big data techniques	T057	C0010992
27830257	540	550	algorithms	T170	C0002045
27830257	556	578	statistical approaches	T062	C1710191
27830257	603	607	data	T078	C1511726
27830257	613	619	second	T081	C0205436
27830257	620	624	part	T082	C0449719
27830257	640	665	cutting-edge applications	T169	C4048755
27830257	669	677	analyses	T057	C0010992
27830257	682	692	predictive	T080	C0681890
27830257	693	701	modeling	T062	C0870071
27830257	705	718	public health	T091	C0034019
27830257	730	735	years	T079	C0439234
27830257	740	749	witnessed	T169	C1441672
27830257	777	783	nature	T078	C0349590
27830257	785	795	collection	T169	C1516698
27830257	801	816	availability of	T169	C0470187
27830257	817	821	data	T078	C1511726
27830257	870	883	health sector	T078	C0525053
27830257	908	913	field	T077	C2346620
27830257	917	929	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
27830257	931	935	Data	T078	C1511726
27830257	951	956	large	T081	C0549177
27830257	968	975	sources	T033	C0449416
27830257	982	999	clinical settings	T073,T093	C0442592
27830257	1001	1008	billing	T057	C2987582
27830257	1009	1015	claims	T058	C3824919
27830257	1017	1021	care	T052	C1947933
27830257	1022	1032	scheduling	T058	C1446911
27830257	1034	1044	drug usage	UnknownType	C0678297
27830257	1046	1055	web based	T170	C3658317
27830257	1056	1062	search	T052	C1706202
27830257	1063	1070	queries	T170	C1522634
27830257	1076	1082	Tweets	T170	C0282574
27830257	1088	1100	exploitation	T169	C0042153
27830257	1108	1119	information	T078	C1533716
27830257	1121	1132	data mining	T066	C1328866
27830257	1134	1157	artificial intelligence	T090	C0003916
27830257	1159	1167	relevant	T080	C2347946
27830257	1177	1181	data	T078	C1511726
27830257	1209	1218	promising	T078	C1555307
27830257	1227	1238	challenging	T033	C0033213
27830257	1239	1244	tasks	T057	C3540678
27830257	1250	1258	societal	T078	C0237750
27830257	1263	1273	scientific	T090	C0036397
27830257	1297	1305	leverage	T052	C1948035
27830257	1310	1321	information	T078	C1533716
27830257	1343	1356	public health	T091	C0034019
27830257	1362	1371	efficient	T080	C0442799

27830991|t|Critical assessment of pendimethalin in terms of persistence, bioaccumulation, toxicity, and potential for long-range transport
27830991|a|Pendimethalin (PND, CAS registry number 40487-42-1) is a dinitroaniline herbicide that selectively controls broad-leaf and grassy weeds in a variety of crops and in noncrop areas. It has been on the market for about 30 yr and is currently under review for properties related to persistence (P), bioaccumulation (B), and toxicity (T) in the European Union (EU). A critical review of these properties as well as potential for long-range transport (LRT) was conducted. Pendimethalin has a geometric mean (GM) half-life of 76-98 d in agriculturally relevant soils under aerobic conditions in the lab. The anaerobic half-life was 12 d. The GM for field half-lives was 72 d. The GM half-life for sediment-water tests in the lab was 20 d and that in field aquatic cosms ranged from 45 to 90 d. From these data PND is not persistent as defined in the Annex II of EC regulation 1107/2009. The GM bioconcentration factor for PND was 1878, less than the criterion value. This was consistent with lack of biomagnification or accumulation in aquatic and terrestrial food chains. The GM no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC) value for fish was 43 µg/L, and 11 µg/L for algae. These do not trigger the criterion value for toxicity. In air, the DT50 of PND was estimated to be 0.35 d, which is well below the criterion of 2 d for LRT under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) Aarhus protocol. Modeling confirmed lack of LRT. Because of its volatility, PND may be transported over short distances in air and was found in samples in local and semiremote regions; however, these concentrations are not of toxicological concern. Unlike other current-use pesticides, PND has not been found in samples from remote regions since 2000 and there is no apparent evidence that this herbicide accumulates in food chains in the Arctic.
27830991	23	36	pendimethalin	T109,T121	C0070222
27830991	49	60	persistence	T079	C0205322
27830991	62	77	bioaccumulation	T042	C0311432
27830991	79	87	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27830991	93	102	potential	T080	C3245505
27830991	107	127	long-range transport	T069	C0596521
27830991	128	141	Pendimethalin	T109,T121	C0070222
27830991	143	146	PND	T109,T121	C0070222
27830991	148	167	CAS registry number	T170	C0282574
27830991	185	199	dinitroaniline	T109	C0029224
27830991	200	209	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27830991	258	263	weeds	T002	C0005337
27830991	280	285	crops	T002	C0242775
27830991	293	306	noncrop areas	T082	C0205146
27830991	406	417	persistence	T079	C0205322
27830991	419	420	P	T079	C0205322
27830991	423	438	bioaccumulation	T042	C0311432
27830991	440	441	B	T042	C0311432
27830991	448	456	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27830991	458	459	T	T037	C0600688
27830991	468	482	European Union	T092	C0015179
27830991	484	486	EU	T092	C0015179
27830991	552	572	long-range transport	T069	C0596521
27830991	574	577	LRT	T069	C0596521
27830991	594	607	Pendimethalin	T109,T121	C0070222
27830991	614	628	geometric mean	T081	C2986759
27830991	630	632	GM	T081	C2986759
27830991	634	643	half-life	T079	C0018517
27830991	682	687	soils	T167	C0037592
27830991	694	701	aerobic	T080	C1510824
27830991	702	712	conditions	T080	C0348080
27830991	720	723	lab	T073,T093	C0022877
27830991	729	738	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
27830991	739	748	half-life	T079	C0018517
27830991	763	765	GM	T081	C2986759
27830991	776	786	half-lives	T079	C0018517
27830991	801	803	GM	T081	C2986759
27830991	804	813	half-life	T079	C0018517
27830991	846	849	lab	T073,T093	C0022877
27830991	877	884	aquatic	T083	C0017446
27830991	931	934	PND	T109,T121	C0070222
27830991	942	952	persistent	T079	C0205322
27830991	983	996	EC regulation	T064	C0851285
27830991	1012	1014	GM	T081	C2986759
27830991	1043	1046	PND	T109,T121	C0070222
27830991	1121	1137	biomagnification	T067	C1521871
27830991	1141	1153	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27830991	1157	1164	aquatic	T083	C0017446
27830991	1169	1180	terrestrial	T083	C0017446
27830991	1181	1192	food chains	T070	C0596583
27830991	1198	1200	GM	T081	C2986759
27830991	1201	1233	no-observed-effect concentration	T081	C0392762
27830991	1235	1239	NOEC	T081	C0392762
27830991	1251	1255	fish	T013	C0016163
27830991	1285	1290	algae	T204	C0002028
27830991	1337	1345	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27830991	1350	1353	air	T167	C0001861
27830991	1367	1370	PND	T109,T121	C0070222
27830991	1444	1447	LRT	T069	C0596521
27830991	1458	1503	United Nations Economic Commission for Europe	T092	C1561598
27830991	1505	1510	UNECE	T092	C1561598
27830991	1512	1527	Aarhus protocol	T170	C0282574
27830991	1556	1559	LRT	T069	C0596521
27830991	1576	1586	volatility	T070	C1959569
27830991	1588	1591	PND	T109,T121	C0070222
27830991	1635	1638	air	T167	C0001861
27830991	1667	1672	local	T083	C0017446
27830991	1677	1695	semiremote regions	T083	C0017446
27830991	1712	1726	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27830991	1738	1751	toxicological	T169	C0205472
27830991	1786	1796	pesticides	T131	C0031253
27830991	1798	1801	PND	T109,T121	C0070222
27830991	1837	1851	remote regions	T083	C0017446
27830991	1907	1916	herbicide	T131	C0019236
27830991	1932	1943	food chains	T070	C0596583
27830991	1951	1957	Arctic	T083	C0003740

27831503|t|A randomized trial of TLR-2 agonist CADI-05 targeting desmocollin-3 for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
27831503|a|Randomized controlled trial to evaluate synergy between taxane plus platinum chemotherapy and CADI-05, a Toll like receptor-2 agonist targeting desmocollin-3 as a first-line therapy in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Patients with advanced NSCLC (stage IIIB or IV) were randomized to cisplatin-paclitaxel (chemotherapy group, N = 112) or cisplatin-paclitaxel plus CADI-05 (chemoimmunotherapy group, N = 109). CADI-05 was administered a week before chemotherapy and on days 8 and 15 of each cycle and every month subsequently for 12 months or disease progression. Overall survival was compared using a log-rank test. Computed tomography was carried out at baseline, end of two cycles and four cycles. Response rate was evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria by an independent radiologist. As per intention-to-treat analysis, no survival benefit was observed between two groups [208 versus 196 days; hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63-1.19; P = 0.3804]. In a subgroup analysis, improvement in median survival by 127 days was observed in squamous NSCC with chemoimmunotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.55; 95% CI 0.32-0.95; P = 0.046). In patients receiving planned four cycles of chemotherapy, there was improved median overall survival by 66 days (299 versus 233 days; hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.98; P = 0.04) in the chemoimmunotherapy group compared with the chemotherapy group. This was associated with the improved survival by 17.48% at the end of 1 year, in the chemoimmunotherapy group. Systemic adverse events were identical in both the group s. There was no survival benefit with the addition of CADI-05 to the combination of cisplatin-paclitaxel in patients with advanced NSCLC; however, the squamous cell subset did demonstrate a survival advantage.
27831503	2	18	randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27831503	22	27	TLR-2	T116,T192	C0754728
27831503	28	35	agonist	T121	C2987634
27831503	36	43	CADI-05	T109,T121	C2703083
27831503	44	53	targeting	T169	C1521840
27831503	54	67	desmocollin-3	T116,T123	C1453561
27831503	72	80	advanced	T080	C0205179
27831503	81	107	non-small-cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27831503	108	135	Randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27831503	139	147	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27831503	148	155	synergy	T044	C0013215
27831503	164	170	taxane	T109,T121	C0215136
27831503	176	184	platinum	T196	C0032207
27831503	185	197	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27831503	202	209	CADI-05	T109,T121	C2703083
27831503	213	233	Toll like receptor-2	T116,T192	C0754728
27831503	234	241	agonist	T121	C2987634
27831503	242	251	targeting	T169	C1521840
27831503	252	265	desmocollin-3	T116,T123	C1453561
27831503	271	289	first-line therapy	T061	C1708063
27831503	293	301	advanced	T080	C0205179
27831503	302	328	non-small-cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27831503	330	335	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27831503	338	346	Patients	T101	C0030705
27831503	352	360	advanced	T080	C0205179
27831503	361	366	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27831503	391	401	randomized	T033	C3815594
27831503	405	425	cisplatin-paclitaxel	T061	C0280455
27831503	427	439	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27831503	440	445	group	T078	C0441833
27831503	459	479	cisplatin-paclitaxel	T061	C0280455
27831503	485	492	CADI-05	T109,T121	C2703083
27831503	494	512	chemoimmunotherapy	T061	C2986423
27831503	513	518	group	T078	C0441833
27831503	530	537	CADI-05	T109,T121	C2703083
27831503	542	554	administered	T169	C1621583
27831503	557	561	week	T079	C0439230
27831503	569	581	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27831503	589	593	days	T079	C0439228
27831503	611	616	cycle	T061	C1302181
27831503	627	632	month	T079	C0439231
27831503	653	659	months	T079	C0439231
27831503	663	682	disease progression	T046	C0242656
27831503	684	700	Overall survival	T081	C4086681
27831503	722	735	log-rank test	T170	C0392366
27831503	737	756	Computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27831503	776	784	baseline	T081	C1442488
27831503	797	803	cycles	T061	C1302181
27831503	813	819	cycles	T061	C1302181
27831503	821	834	Response rate	T079	C0237629
27831503	839	848	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27831503	855	899	Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors	T170	C1709926
27831503	900	908	criteria	T078	C0243161
27831503	915	938	independent radiologist	T097	C0260194
27831503	947	974	intention-to-treat analysis	T062	C2718028
27831503	979	987	survival	T052	C0038952
27831503	988	995	benefit	T081	C0814225
27831503	1021	1027	groups	T078	C0441833
27831503	1044	1048	days	T079	C0439228
27831503	1050	1062	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27831503	1074	1093	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27831503	1128	1145	subgroup analysis	T062	C0936012
27831503	1147	1158	improvement	T077	C2986411
27831503	1162	1177	median survival	T079	C2986586
27831503	1185	1189	days	T079	C0439228
27831503	1206	1219	squamous NSCC	T191	C0027671
27831503	1225	1243	chemoimmunotherapy	T061	C2986423
27831503	1245	1257	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27831503	1298	1306	patients	T101	C0030705
27831503	1330	1336	cycles	T061	C1302181
27831503	1340	1352	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27831503	1364	1372	improved	T077	C2986411
27831503	1373	1379	median	T081	C0444504
27831503	1380	1396	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27831503	1403	1407	days	T079	C0439228
27831503	1424	1428	days	T079	C0439228
27831503	1430	1442	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27831503	1488	1506	chemoimmunotherapy	T061	C2986423
27831503	1507	1512	group	T078	C0441833
27831503	1531	1543	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27831503	1544	1549	group	T078	C0441833
27831503	1560	1575	associated with	T080	C0332281
27831503	1580	1588	improved	T077	C2986411
27831503	1589	1597	survival	T052	C0038952
27831503	1624	1628	year	T079	C0439234
27831503	1637	1655	chemoimmunotherapy	T061	C2986423
27831503	1656	1661	group	T078	C0441833
27831503	1663	1686	Systemic adverse events	T046	C0877248
27831503	1692	1701	identical	T080	C0205280
27831503	1714	1719	group	T078	C0441833
27831503	1736	1744	survival	T052	C0038952
27831503	1745	1752	benefit	T081	C0814225
27831503	1762	1770	addition	T169	C1883712
27831503	1774	1781	CADI-05	T109,T121	C2703083
27831503	1789	1800	combination	T080	C0205195
27831503	1804	1824	cisplatin-paclitaxel	T061	C0280455
27831503	1828	1836	patients	T101	C0030705
27831503	1842	1850	advanced	T080	C0205179
27831503	1851	1856	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27831503	1871	1891	squamous cell subset	T025	C0221910
27831503	1910	1918	survival	T052	C0038952

27831569|t|Quantifying macromolecular interactions in living cells using FRET two-hybrid assays
27831569|a|Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a versatile method for analyzing protein-protein interactions within living cells. This protocol describes a nondestructive live-cell FRET assay for robust quantification of relative binding affinities for protein-protein interactions. Unlike other approaches, our method correlates the measured FRET efficiencies to relative concentration of interacting proteins to determine binding isotherms while including collisional FRET corrections. We detail how to assemble and calibrate the equipment using experimental and theoretical procedures. A step-by-step protocol is given for sample preparation, data acquisition and analysis. The method uses relatively inexpensive and widely available equipment and can be performed with minimal training. Implementation of the imaging setup requires up to 1 week, and sample preparation takes ∼ 1-3 d. An i ndividual FRET experiment, including control measurements, can be completed within 4-6 h, with data analysis requiring an additional 1-3 h.
27831569	0	11	Quantifying	T081	C1709793
27831569	12	26	macromolecular	T104	C0178735
27831569	27	39	interactions	T044	C0872079
27831569	43	55	living cells	T025	C0007634
27831569	62	66	FRET	T059	C0597717
27831569	67	84	two-hybrid assays	T063	C0752172
27831569	85	118	Förster resonance energy transfer	T059	C0597717
27831569	120	124	FRET	T059	C0597717
27831569	131	147	versatile method	T059	C0871511
27831569	162	190	protein-protein interactions	T044	C0872079
27831569	198	204	living	T078	C0376558
27831569	205	210	cells	T025	C0007634
27831569	217	225	protocol	T170	C0442711
27831569	253	262	live-cell	T025	C0007634
27831569	263	267	FRET	T059	C0597717
27831569	268	273	assay	T059	C1510438
27831569	278	284	robust	T080	C2986815
27831569	285	299	quantification	T081	C1709793
27831569	303	311	relative	T080	C0205345
27831569	312	319	binding	T044	C1167622
27831569	320	330	affinities	T070	C1510827
27831569	335	363	protein-protein interactions	T044	C0872079
27831569	378	388	approaches	T169	C1292724
27831569	394	400	method	T170	C0025663
27831569	416	424	measured	T080	C0444706
27831569	425	429	FRET	T059	C0597717
27831569	430	442	efficiencies	T081	C0013682
27831569	446	454	relative	T080	C0205345
27831569	455	468	concentration	T081	C1446561
27831569	472	492	interacting proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27831569	496	505	determine	T080	C0521095
27831569	506	523	binding isotherms	T044	C1167622
27831569	540	551	collisional	T067	C1254366
27831569	552	556	FRET	T059	C0597717
27831569	557	568	corrections	T169	C1947976
27831569	573	579	detail	T080	C1522508
27831569	587	595	assemble	T052	C1706853
27831569	600	609	calibrate	T081	C0006751
27831569	614	623	equipment	T073	C0014672
27831569	630	642	experimental	T062	C0015320
27831569	647	658	theoretical	T078	C0871935
27831569	659	669	procedures	T169	C0025664
27831569	673	694	step-by-step protocol	T170	C0442711
27831569	708	714	sample	T167	C0370003
27831569	715	726	preparation	T052	C1521827
27831569	728	744	data acquisition	T052	C1706701
27831569	749	757	analysis	T059	C0002778
27831569	763	769	method	T170	C0025663
27831569	775	785	relatively	T080	C0205345
27831569	802	818	widely available	T169	C0470187
27831569	819	828	equipment	T073	C0014672
27831569	840	849	performed	T169	C0884358
27831569	855	862	minimal	T080	C0547040
27831569	863	871	training	T065	C0220931
27831569	873	887	Implementation	T052	C1708476
27831569	895	908	imaging setup	T091	C1704382
27831569	909	917	requires	T080	C1269765
27831569	924	930	1 week	T079	C1442452
27831569	936	942	sample	T167	C0370003
27831569	943	954	preparation	T052	C1521827
27831569	963	968	1-3 d	T079	C0439228
27831569	975	984	ndividual	T062	C0870696
27831569	985	989	FRET	T059	C0597717
27831569	990	1001	experiment,	T062	C0681814
27831569	1012	1019	control	T080	C0243148
27831569	1020	1032	measurements	T169	C0242485
27831569	1041	1050	completed	T080	C0205197
27831569	1058	1063	4-6 h	T079	C0439227
27831569	1070	1083	data analysis	T057	C0010992
27831569	1108	1113	1-3 h	T079	C0439227

27831827|t|Mitotic entry: The interplay between Cdk1, Plk1 and Bora
27831827|a|Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is an important mitotic kinase that is crucial for entry into mitosis after recovery from DNA damage -induced cell cycle arrest. Plk1 activation is promoted by the conserved protein Bora (SPAT-1 in C. elegans), which stimulates the phosphorylation of a conserved residue in the activation loop by the Aurora A kinase. In a recent article published in Cell Reports, we show that the master mitotic kinase Cdk1 contributes to Plk1 activation through SPAT-1 / Bora phosphorylation. We identified 3 conserved Sp/Tp residues that are located in the N-terminal, most conserved part, of SPAT-1 / Bora. Phosphorylation of these sites by Cdk1 is essential for Plk1 function in mitotic entry in C. elegans embryos and during DNA damage checkpoint recovery in mammalian cells. Here, using an untargeted Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) biosensor to monitor Plk1 activation, we provide additional experimental evidence supporting the importance of these phosphorylation sites for Plk1 activation and subsequent mitotic entry after DNA damage. We also briefly discuss the mechanism of Plk1 activation and the potential role of Bora phosphorylation by Cdk1 in this process. As Plk1 is overexpressed in cancer cells and this correlates with poor prognosis, understanding how Bora contributes to Plk1 activation is paramount for the development of innovative therapeutical approaches.
27831827	0	13	Mitotic entry	T043	C3893712
27831827	37	41	Cdk1	T116	C2353787
27831827	43	47	Plk1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	52	56	Bora	T116,T123	C2353085
27831827	57	75	Polo-like kinase 1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	77	81	Plk1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	99	106	mitotic	T043	C0026255
27831827	107	113	kinase	T116,T126	C0033640
27831827	145	152	mitosis	T043	C0026255
27831827	159	167	recovery	T052	C0237820
27831827	173	183	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27831827	173	183	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27831827	193	210	cell cycle arrest	T043	C1155873
27831827	212	216	Plk1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	217	227	activation	T044	C0014429
27831827	257	264	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27831827	265	269	Bora	T116,T123	C2353085
27831827	271	291	SPAT-1 in C. elegans	T116,T123	C2975364
27831827	315	330	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27831827	361	376	activation loop	T169	C0205681
27831827	384	399	Aurora A kinase	T116,T126	C0971285
27831827	413	420	article	T170	C1706852
27831827	434	446	Cell Reports	T170	C0684224
27831827	472	486	mitotic kinase	T116,T126	C0033640
27831827	487	491	Cdk1	T116	C2353787
27831827	507	511	Plk1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	512	522	activation	T044	C0014429
27831827	531	537	SPAT-1	T116,T123	C2975364
27831827	540	544	Bora	T116,T123	C2353085
27831827	545	560	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27831827	565	575	identified	T080	C0205396
27831827	588	602	Sp/Tp residues	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27831827	627	637	N-terminal	T082	C1254362
27831827	644	658	conserved part	T082	C0449719
27831827	663	669	SPAT-1	T116,T123	C2975364
27831827	672	676	Bora	T116,T123	C2353085
27831827	678	693	Phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27831827	703	708	sites	T169	C0205681
27831827	712	716	Cdk1	T116	C2353787
27831827	720	729	essential	T080	C0205224
27831827	734	738	Plk1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	751	764	mitotic entry	T043	C3893712
27831827	768	778	C. elegans	T204	C0162610
27831827	779	786	embryos	T018	C0013935
27831827	798	819	DNA damage checkpoint	T045	C1751194
27831827	820	828	recovery	T052	C0237820
27831827	832	847	mammalian cells	T025	C1512977
27831827	875	925	Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) biosensor	T075	C0600364
27831827	937	941	Plk1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	942	952	activation	T044	C0014429
27831827	976	997	experimental evidence	T078	C3887511
27831827	1033	1054	phosphorylation sites	T087	C1519063
27831827	1059	1063	Plk1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	1064	1074	activation	T044	C0014429
27831827	1090	1103	mitotic entry	T043	C3893712
27831827	1110	1120	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27831827	1110	1120	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27831827	1150	1159	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27831827	1163	1167	Plk1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	1168	1178	activation	T044	C0014429
27831827	1205	1209	Bora	T116,T123	C2353085
27831827	1210	1225	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27831827	1229	1233	Cdk1	T116	C2353787
27831827	1242	1249	process	T067	C1522240
27831827	1254	1258	Plk1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	1279	1291	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27831827	1317	1331	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27831827	1351	1355	Bora	T116,T123	C2353085
27831827	1371	1375	Plk1	T116,T126	C1579259
27831827	1376	1386	activation	T044	C0014429
27831827	1408	1419	development	T169	C1527148
27831827	1434	1458	therapeutical approaches	T061	C0087111

27831866|t|A Biomechanical Modeling Guided CBCT Estimation Technique
27831866|a|Two-dimensional -to- three-dimensional (2D - 3D) deformation has emerged as a new technique to estimate cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The technique is based on deforming a prior high-quality 3D CT / CBCT image to form a new CBCT image, guided by limited-view 2D projections. The accuracy of this intensity-based technique, however, is often limited in low-contrast image regions with subtle intensity differences. The solved deformation vector fields (DVFs) can also be biomechanical ly unrealistic. To address these problems, we have developed a biomechanical modeling guided CBCT estimation technique (Bio-CBCT-est) by combining 2D - 3D deformation with finite element analysis (FEA)-based biomechanical modeling of anatomical structures. Specifically, Bio-CBCT-est first extracts the 2D - 3D deformation -generated displacement vectors at the high-contrast anatomical structure boundaries. The extracted surface deformation fields are subsequently used as the boundary conditions to drive structure -based FEA to correct and fine-tune the overall deformation fields, especially those at low-contrast regions within the structure. The resulting FEA -corrected deformation fields are then fed back into 2D - 3D deformation to form an iterative loop, combining the benefits of intensity-based deformation and biomechanical modeling for CBCT estimation. Using eleven lung cancer patient cases, the accuracy of the Bio-CBCT-est technique has been compared to that of the 2D - 3D deformation technique and the traditional CBCT reconstruction techniques. The accuracy was evaluated in the image domain, and also in the DVF domain through clinician -tracked lung landmarks.
27831866	2	15	Biomechanical	T081	C0009563
27831866	16	24	Modeling	T062	C0870071
27831866	32	36	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27831866	37	57	Estimation Technique	T081,T170	C0079305
27831866	58	73	Two-dimensional	T082	C1705052
27831866	79	96	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
27831866	98	100	2D	T082	C1705052
27831866	103	105	3D	T082	C0450363
27831866	107	118	deformation	T080	C2919017
27831866	140	149	technique	T169	C0449851
27831866	162	191	cone-beam computed tomography	T060	C1956110
27831866	193	197	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27831866	199	205	images	T078	C1551337
27831866	211	220	technique	T060	C0430022
27831866	233	242	deforming	T080	C2919017
27831866	251	263	high-quality	T080	C0332306
27831866	264	266	3D	T082	C0450363
27831866	267	269	CT	T060	C0040405
27831866	272	276	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27831866	277	282	image	T078	C1551337
27831866	297	301	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27831866	302	307	image	T078	C1551337
27831866	332	334	2D	T082	C1705052
27831866	335	346	projections	T082	C0348018
27831866	352	360	accuracy	T080	C0598285
27831866	385	394	technique	T060	C0430022
27831866	425	437	low-contrast	T080	C0205556
27831866	438	443	image	T078	C1551337
27831866	444	451	regions	T082	C0205146
27831866	464	485	intensity differences	T034	C0428760
27831866	498	509	deformation	T080	C2919017
27831866	510	523	vector fields	T082	C1254362
27831866	525	529	DVFs	T082	C1254362
27831866	543	556	biomechanical	T081	C0009563
27831866	620	633	biomechanical	T081	C0009563
27831866	634	642	modeling	T062	C0870071
27831866	650	654	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27831866	655	675	estimation technique	T081,T170	C0079305
27831866	677	689	Bio-CBCT-est	T081,T170	C0079305
27831866	704	706	2D	T082	C1705052
27831866	709	711	3D	T082	C0450363
27831866	712	723	deformation	T080	C2919017
27831866	729	752	finite element analysis	T170	C0600552
27831866	754	757	FEA	T170	C0600552
27831866	765	778	biomechanical	T081	C0009563
27831866	779	787	modeling	T062	C0870071
27831866	791	812	anatomical structures	T017	C0700276
27831866	828	840	Bio-CBCT-est	T081,T170	C0079305
27831866	860	862	2D	T082	C1705052
27831866	865	867	3D	T082	C0450363
27831866	868	879	deformation	T080	C2919017
27831866	891	903	displacement	T082	C0012727
27831866	904	911	vectors	T082	C0442335
27831866	919	932	high-contrast	T080	C0205556
27831866	933	964	anatomical structure boundaries	T017	C3697845
27831866	970	987	extracted surface	T082	C0205148
27831866	988	999	deformation	T080	C2919017
27831866	1000	1006	fields	T082	C1254362
27831866	1036	1044	boundary	T077	C2327423
27831866	1045	1055	conditions	T080	C0348080
27831866	1065	1074	structure	T017	C0700276
27831866	1082	1085	FEA	T170	C0600552
27831866	1123	1134	deformation	T080	C2919017
27831866	1135	1141	fields	T082	C1254362
27831866	1163	1175	low-contrast	T080	C0205556
27831866	1176	1183	regions	T082	C0205146
27831866	1195	1204	structure	T017	C0700276
27831866	1220	1223	FEA	T170	C0600552
27831866	1235	1246	deformation	T080	C2919017
27831866	1247	1253	fields	T082	C1254362
27831866	1277	1279	2D	T082	C1705052
27831866	1282	1284	3D	T082	C0450363
27831866	1285	1296	deformation	T080	C2919017
27831866	1318	1322	loop	T082	C0445022
27831866	1338	1346	benefits	T081	C0814225
27831866	1366	1377	deformation	T080	C2919017
27831866	1382	1395	biomechanical	T081	C0009563
27831866	1396	1404	modeling	T062	C0870071
27831866	1409	1413	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27831866	1414	1424	estimation	T081,T170	C0079305
27831866	1439	1450	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27831866	1451	1458	patient	T101	C0030705
27831866	1459	1464	cases	T077	C1706256
27831866	1470	1478	accuracy	T080	C0598285
27831866	1486	1498	Bio-CBCT-est	T081,T170	C0079305
27831866	1499	1508	technique	T060	C0430022
27831866	1542	1544	2D	T082	C1705052
27831866	1547	1549	3D	T082	C0450363
27831866	1550	1561	deformation	T080	C2919017
27831866	1562	1571	technique	T169	C0449851
27831866	1592	1596	CBCT	T060	C1956110
27831866	1628	1636	accuracy	T080	C0598285
27831866	1658	1663	image	T078	C1551337
27831866	1688	1691	DVF	T082	C1254362
27831866	1707	1716	clinician	T097	C0871685
27831866	1726	1730	lung	T023	C0024109

27831982|t|Comparative Effectiveness of Treatments for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Multiple Treatment Comparison Analysis
27831982|a|A systematic review and network meta-analysis. To determine current treatment options of chronic low back pain (LBP) as defined by randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and to compare effectiveness of those treatments using a mixed-treatment comparison (MTC). It is important to provide an evidence-based assessment of the treatment options that exist for LBP. A systematic search of RCTs was conducted in MEDLINE and the Cochrane Collaboration Library from 1990 to 2014. From the selected studies, we extracted preoperative and postoperative ODI and VAS back pain scores, additional surgeries, and complications. Standard and network meta-analytic techniques were used. Twelve RCTs were included in the analysis: 5 total disk replacement (TDR) versus fusion; 1 TDR versus exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT); 5 fusion versus exercise and CBT; and 1 fusion versus physical therapy (PT). On the basis of MTC, with respect to ODI change scores, the pooled mean difference favoring fusion over exercise and CBT was 2.0 points (95% CI, -1.2 to 4.8). The pooled mean difference favoring TDR over exercise and CBT was 6.4 points (95% CI, 3.2-9.3). The pooled mean difference favoring fusion over PT was 8.8 points (95% CI, 4.1-13.6). The pooled mean differences favoring TDR over fusion was 4.4 points (95% CI, 2.37-6.63). For PT versus structured exercise with CBT, the pooled mean difference favoring exercise with CBT over PT was 6.8 points (95% CI, 1.5-12.8). For TDR versus PT, the pooled mean difference favoring TDR over PT was 13.2 points (95% CI, 8.0-18.4). Additional surgery rates were similar between treatment options. All 4 treatments provided some benefit to patients with chronic LBP. According to the MTC analysis, TDR may be the most effective treatment and PT the least effective treatment for chronic LBP. This review is based on a limited number of RCT studies and does not support any 1 treatment modality for all patients.
27831982	0	25	Comparative Effectiveness	T062	C2718022
27831982	29	39	Treatments	T061	C0087111
27831982	44	65	Chronic Low Back Pain	T047	C0457949
27831982	69	107	Multiple Treatment Comparison Analysis	T062	C4277638
27831982	110	127	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27831982	132	153	network meta-analysis	T062	C4277638
27831982	168	193	current treatment options	T061	C2827774
27831982	197	218	chronic low back pain	T047	C0457949
27831982	220	223	LBP	T047	C0457949
27831982	239	267	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27831982	269	273	RCTs	T062	C0206035
27831982	282	289	compare	T052	C1707455
27831982	290	303	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27831982	313	323	treatments	T061	C0087111
27831982	332	358	mixed-treatment comparison	T062	C4277638
27831982	360	363	MTC	T062	C4277638
27831982	396	410	evidence-based	T078	C3887511
27831982	411	421	assessment	T058	C0220825
27831982	429	446	treatment options	T061	C0683525
27831982	462	465	LBP	T047	C0457949
27831982	469	486	systematic search	T062	C0035168
27831982	490	494	RCTs	T062	C0206035
27831982	512	519	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
27831982	528	558	Cochrane Collaboration Library	T073,T092	C0023621
27831982	587	603	selected studies	T062	C2603343
27831982	618	630	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27831982	635	648	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27831982	649	652	ODI	T033	C2960603
27831982	657	677	VAS back pain scores	T081	C2732809
27831982	679	699	additional surgeries	T058	C2081627
27831982	705	718	complications	T046	C0009566
27831982	720	765	Standard and network meta-analytic techniques	T062	C4277638
27831982	784	788	RCTs	T062	C0206035
27831982	810	818	analysis	T062	C0936012
27831982	822	844	total disk replacement	T061	C2144940
27831982	846	849	TDR	T061	C2144940
27831982	858	864	fusion	T061	C0186045
27831982	868	871	TDR	T061	C2144940
27831982	879	887	exercise	T061	C1522704
27831982	892	920	cognitive behavioral therapy	T061	C0009244
27831982	922	925	CBT	T061	C0009244
27831982	930	936	fusion	T061	C0186045
27831982	944	952	exercise	T061	C1522704
27831982	957	960	CBT	T061	C0009244
27831982	968	974	fusion	T061	C0186045
27831982	982	998	physical therapy	T061	C0949766
27831982	1000	1002	PT	T061	C0949766
27831982	1021	1024	MTC	T062	C4277638
27831982	1042	1059	ODI change scores	T033	C2960603
27831982	1065	1087	pooled mean difference	T081	C1705241
27831982	1097	1103	fusion	T061	C0186045
27831982	1109	1117	exercise	T061	C1522704
27831982	1122	1125	CBT	T061	C0009244
27831982	1168	1190	pooled mean difference	T081	C1705241
27831982	1200	1203	TDR	T061	C2144940
27831982	1209	1217	exercise	T061	C1522704
27831982	1222	1225	CBT	T061	C0009244
27831982	1264	1286	pooled mean difference	T081	C1705241
27831982	1296	1302	fusion	T061	C0186045
27831982	1308	1310	PT	T061	C0949766
27831982	1350	1373	pooled mean differences	T081	C1705241
27831982	1383	1386	TDR	T061	C2144940
27831982	1392	1398	fusion	T061	C0186045
27831982	1439	1441	PT	T061	C0949766
27831982	1449	1468	structured exercise	T061	C1522704
27831982	1474	1477	CBT	T061	C0009244
27831982	1483	1505	pooled mean difference	T081	C1705241
27831982	1515	1523	exercise	T061	C1522704
27831982	1529	1532	CBT	T061	C0009244
27831982	1538	1540	PT	T061	C0949766
27831982	1580	1583	TDR	T061	C2144940
27831982	1591	1593	PT	T061	C0949766
27831982	1599	1621	pooled mean difference	T081	C1705241
27831982	1631	1634	TDR	T061	C2144940
27831982	1640	1642	PT	T061	C0949766
27831982	1690	1703	surgery rates	T081	C1521828
27831982	1725	1742	treatment options	T061	C0683525
27831982	1750	1760	treatments	T061	C0087111
27831982	1775	1782	benefit	T081	C0814225
27831982	1786	1794	patients	T101	C0030705
27831982	1800	1811	chronic LBP	T047	C0457949
27831982	1830	1842	MTC analysis	T062	C4277638
27831982	1844	1847	TDR	T061	C2144940
27831982	1859	1873	most effective	T080	C1704419
27831982	1874	1883	treatment	T061	C0087111
27831982	1888	1890	PT	T061	C0949766
27831982	1895	1910	least effective	T080	C1704419
27831982	1911	1920	treatment	T061	C0087111
27831982	1925	1936	chronic LBP	T047	C0457949
27831982	1943	1949	review	T170	C0282443
27831982	1964	1978	limited number	T081	C0449788
27831982	1982	1993	RCT studies	T062	C0206035
27831982	2021	2030	treatment	T061	C0087111
27831982	2031	2039	modality	T078	C0695347
27831982	2048	2056	patients	T101	C0030705

27831992|t|Sex Life and Impact of Operative Intervention on Sex Life-related Pain in Degenerative Spinal Conditions: An Analysis of the SPORT Study
27831992|a|This study is a therapeutic retrospective cohort study OBJECTIVES.: This study aims to determine whether sexual function is relevant for patients with spinal stenosis (SPS) and degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) and to determine the impact of operative inter vqAvention on sexual function for these patients. The benefits of nonoperative versus operative treatment for patients with SPS and DS with regards to sexual function are unknown. Demographic, treatment, and follow-up data, including the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), were obtained on patients enrolled in the SPORT study. Based on the response to question #9 in the ODI, patients were classified into a sexual life relevant (SLR) or sexual life not relevant (NR) group. Univariate and multivariate analysis of patient characteristics comparing the NR and SLR group were performed. Operative treatment groups were compared to the nonoperative group with regards to response to ODI question #9 to determine the impact of surgery on sexual function. A total of 1235 patients were included to determine relevance of sex life. Three hundred sixty-six patients (29%) were included in the NR group. Eight hundred sixty-nine patients (71%) were included in the SLR group. Patients that were older, female, unmarried, had three or more stenotic levels, and had central stenosis were more likely to be in the NR group. Eight hundred twenty-five patients were included in the analysis comparing operative versus nonoperative treatment. At all follow-up time points, the operative groups had a lower percentage of patients reporting pain with their sex life compared to the nonoperative group (P < 0.05 at all time points except between more than one level fusion and nonoperative at 4 years ' follow-up). Sex life is a relevant consideration for the majority of patients with DS and SPS; operative treatment leads to improved sex life-related pain. 3.
27831992	0	8	Sex Life	T078	C0376558
27831992	13	19	Impact	T080	C4049986
27831992	23	32	Operative	T169	C0038895
27831992	33	45	Intervention	T061	C0184661
27831992	49	70	Sex Life-related Pain	T184	C0030193
27831992	74	86	Degenerative	T046	C0011164
27831992	87	93	Spinal	T023	C0037949
27831992	109	117	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27831992	125	136	SPORT Study	T062	C2603343
27831992	142	147	study	T062	C2603343
27831992	153	191	therapeutic retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
27831992	210	215	study	T062	C2603343
27831992	242	257	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27831992	274	282	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	288	303	spinal stenosis	T020	C0037944
27831992	305	308	SPS	T020	C0037944
27831992	314	344	degenerative spondylolisthesis	T047	C0264184
27831992	346	348	DS	T047	C0264184
27831992	371	377	impact	T080	C4049986
27831992	381	390	operative	T169	C0038895
27831992	411	426	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27831992	437	445	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	463	475	nonoperative	T169	C0039798
27831992	483	492	operative	T169	C0038895
27831992	493	502	treatment	T169	C0039798
27831992	507	515	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	521	524	SPS	T020	C0037944
27831992	529	531	DS	T047	C0264184
27831992	548	563	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27831992	577	588	Demographic	T090	C0011298
27831992	590	599	treatment	T169	C0039798
27831992	605	614	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27831992	615	619	data	T078	C1511726
27831992	685	693	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	710	721	SPORT study	T062	C2603343
27831992	772	780	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	804	824	sexual life relevant	T078	C0441833
27831992	826	829	SLR	T078	C0441833
27831992	834	869	sexual life not relevant (NR) group	T078	C0441833
27831992	871	881	Univariate	T062	C0683962
27831992	886	907	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27831992	911	918	patient	T101	C0030705
27831992	919	934	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27831992	949	951	NR	T078	C0441833
27831992	956	965	SLR group	T078	C0441833
27831992	982	991	Operative	T169	C0038895
27831992	992	1001	treatment	T169	C0039798
27831992	1002	1008	groups	T078	C0441833
27831992	1030	1042	nonoperative	T169	C0039798
27831992	1043	1048	group	T078	C0441833
27831992	1110	1116	impact	T080	C4049986
27831992	1120	1127	surgery	T061	C0543467
27831992	1131	1146	sexual function	T040	C0278092
27831992	1164	1172	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	1213	1221	sex life	T078	C0441833
27831992	1247	1255	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	1283	1291	NR group	T078	C0441833
27831992	1318	1326	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	1354	1363	SLR group	T078	C0441833
27831992	1365	1373	Patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	1384	1389	older	T098	C0001792
27831992	1391	1397	female	T032	C0086287
27831992	1399	1408	unmarried	T098	C0037179
27831992	1428	1443	stenotic levels	T080	C0441889
27831992	1453	1469	central stenosis	T169	C0476189
27831992	1500	1508	NR group	T078	C0441833
27831992	1536	1544	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	1566	1574	analysis	T062	C0936012
27831992	1585	1594	operative	T169	C0038895
27831992	1602	1614	nonoperative	T169	C0039798
27831992	1615	1624	treatment	T169	C0039798
27831992	1633	1642	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27831992	1660	1669	operative	T169	C0038895
27831992	1670	1676	groups	T078	C0441833
27831992	1689	1699	percentage	T081	C0439165
27831992	1703	1711	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	1722	1726	pain	T184	C0030193
27831992	1738	1746	sex life	T078	C0441833
27831992	1763	1775	nonoperative	T169	C0039798
27831992	1776	1781	group	T078	C0441833
27831992	1857	1869	nonoperative	T169	C0039798
27831992	1875	1880	years	T079	C0439234
27831992	1883	1892	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27831992	1895	1903	Sex life	T078	C0376558
27831992	1952	1960	patients	T101	C0030705
27831992	1966	1968	DS	T047	C0264184
27831992	1973	1976	SPS	T020	C0037944
27831992	1978	1987	operative	T169	C0038895
27831992	1988	1997	treatment	T169	C0039798
27831992	2007	2015	improved	T033	C0184511
27831992	2016	2037	sex life-related pain	T184	C0030193

27832073|t|Lack of Effect of Oral Sulforaphane Administration on Nrf2 Expression in COPD: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial
27832073|a|COPD patients have high pulmonary and systemic oxidative stress that correlates with severity of disease. Sulforaphane has been shown to induce expression of antioxidant genes via activation of a transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). This parallel, placebo-controlled, phase 2, randomized trial was conducted at three US academic medical centers. Patients who met GOLD criteria for COPD and were able to tolerate bronchoscopies were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive placebo, 25 μmoles, or 150 μmoles sulforaphane daily by mouth for four weeks. The primary outcomes were changes in Nrf2 target gene expression (NQ01, HO1, AKR1C1 and AKR1C3) in alveolar macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells. Secondary outcomes included measures of oxidative stress and airway inflammation, and pulmonary function tests. Between July 2011 and May 2013, 89 patients were enrolled and randomized. Sulforaphane was absorbed in the patients as evident from their plasma metabolite levels. Changes in Nrf2 target gene expression relative to baseline ranged from 0.79 to 1.45 and there was no consistent pattern among the three groups; the changes were not statistically significantly different from baseline. Changes in measures of inflammation and pulmonary function tests were not different among the groups. Sulforaphane was well tolerated at both dose levels. Sulforaphane administered for four weeks at doses of 25 μmoles and 150 μmoles to patients with COPD did not stimulate the expression of Nrf2 target genes or have an effect on levels of other anti-oxidants or markers of inflammation. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01335971.
27832073	0	14	Lack of Effect	T046	C0151810
27832073	18	22	Oral	T082	C0442027
27832073	23	35	Sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27832073	36	50	Administration	T061	C0001563
27832073	54	58	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
27832073	59	69	Expression	T045	C1171362
27832073	73	77	COPD	T047	C0024117
27832073	81	91	Randomized	T062,T170	C0206034
27832073	93	105	Double-Blind	T062	C0013072
27832073	107	125	Placebo Controlled	T062	C1706408
27832073	126	131	Trial	T062	C0008976
27832073	132	136	COPD	T047	C0024117
27832073	137	145	patients	T101	C0030705
27832073	156	165	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
27832073	170	195	systemic oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27832073	201	211	correlates	T080	C1707520
27832073	217	225	severity	T080	C0439793
27832073	229	236	disease	T047	C0012634
27832073	238	250	Sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27832073	269	275	induce	T169	C0205263
27832073	276	286	expression	T045	C0017262
27832073	290	301	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27832073	302	307	genes	T028	C0017337
27832073	312	322	activation	T052	C1879547
27832073	328	348	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27832073	350	393	nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2	T116,T123	C0289507
27832073	395	399	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
27832073	407	415	parallel	T062	C2826345
27832073	417	435	placebo-controlled	T062	C1706408
27832073	437	444	phase 2	T062	C0282460
27832073	446	462	randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27832073	486	488	US	T083	C0041703
27832073	489	513	academic medical centers	T073,T093	C0000872
27832073	515	523	Patients	T101	C0030705
27832073	532	545	GOLD criteria	T170	C0679852
27832073	550	554	COPD	T047	C0024117
27832073	572	580	tolerate	T080	C1704410
27832073	581	595	bronchoscopies	T060	C0006290
27832073	601	618	randomly assigned	T169	C1516050
27832073	638	645	placebo	T122	C1696465
27832073	672	684	sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27832073	685	690	daily	T079	C0332173
27832073	694	699	mouth	T030	C0226896
27832073	709	714	weeks	T079	C0439230
27832073	720	736	primary outcomes	T080	C3274433
27832073	742	749	changes	T169	C0392747
27832073	753	757	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
27832073	765	780	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27832073	782	786	NQ01	T028	C0919428
27832073	788	791	HO1	T028	C1415619
27832073	793	799	AKR1C1	T028	C1412324
27832073	804	810	AKR1C3	T028	C1412326
27832073	815	835	alveolar macrophages	T025	C0085236
27832073	840	866	bronchial epithelial cells	T025	C1711178
27832073	868	886	Secondary outcomes	T080	C3274440
27832073	896	904	measures	T081	C0079809
27832073	908	924	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27832073	929	935	airway	T023	C0458827
27832073	936	948	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27832073	954	978	pulmonary function tests	T060	C0024119
27832073	1015	1023	patients	T101	C0030705
27832073	1029	1037	enrolled	T169	C0585825
27832073	1042	1052	randomized	T062,T170	C0206034
27832073	1054	1066	Sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27832073	1087	1095	patients	T101	C0030705
27832073	1099	1106	evident	T078	C3887511
27832073	1118	1124	plasma	T031	C0032105
27832073	1125	1135	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27832073	1136	1142	levels	T080	C0441889
27832073	1144	1151	Changes	T169	C0392747
27832073	1155	1159	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
27832073	1167	1182	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27832073	1183	1191	relative	T080	C0205345
27832073	1195	1203	baseline	T081	C1442488
27832073	1257	1264	pattern	T082	C0449774
27832073	1281	1287	groups	T098	C1257890
27832073	1293	1300	changes	T169	C0392747
27832073	1310	1337	statistically significantly	T081	C0237881
27832073	1338	1347	different	T080	C1705242
27832073	1353	1361	baseline	T081	C1442488
27832073	1363	1370	Changes	T169	C0392747
27832073	1374	1382	measures	T081	C0079809
27832073	1386	1398	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27832073	1403	1427	pulmonary function tests	T060	C0024119
27832073	1457	1463	groups	T098	C1257890
27832073	1465	1477	Sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27832073	1487	1496	tolerated	T080	C1704410
27832073	1505	1516	dose levels	T081	C0178602
27832073	1518	1530	Sulforaphane	T109,T121	C0163159
27832073	1531	1543	administered	T061	C0001563
27832073	1553	1558	weeks	T079	C0439230
27832073	1562	1567	doses	T081	C0178602
27832073	1599	1607	patients	T101	C0030705
27832073	1613	1617	COPD	T047	C0024117
27832073	1640	1650	expression	T045	C0017262
27832073	1654	1658	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
27832073	1659	1671	target genes	T028	C0017337
27832073	1683	1689	effect	T080	C1280500
27832073	1693	1699	levels	T080	C0441889
27832073	1709	1722	anti-oxidants	T121	C0003402
27832073	1726	1733	markers	T201	C0005516
27832073	1737	1749	inflammation	T046	C0021368

27832159|t|A Novel Selective Inhibitor of Delta-5 Desaturase Lowers Insulin Resistance and Reduces Body Weight in Diet -Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice
27832159|a|Obesity is now recognized as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and is called as metabolic inflammation. Delta-5 desaturase (D5D) is an enzyme that metabolizes dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) to arachidonic acid (AA). Thus, D5D inhibition increases DGLA (precursor to anti-inflammatory eicosanoids) while decreasing AA (precursor to pro-inflammatory eicosanoids), and could result in synergistic improvement in the low-grade inflammatory state. Here, we demonstrate reduced insulin resistance and the anti-obesity effect of a D5D selective inhibitor (compound-326), an orally active small-molecule, in a high-fat diet -induced obese (DIO) mouse model. In vivo D5D inhibition was confirmed by determining changes in blood AA / DGLA profiles. In DIO mice, chronic treatment with compound-326 lowered insulin resistance and caused body weight loss without significant impact on cumulative calorie intake. Decreased macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue was expected from mRNA analysis. Increased daily energy expenditure was also observed following administration of compound-326, in line with sustained body weight loss. These data indicate that the novel D5D selective inhibitor, compound-326, will be a new class of drug for the treatment of obese and diabetic patients.
27832159	18	27	Inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27832159	31	49	Delta-5 Desaturase	T116,T126	C0057338
27832159	57	75	Insulin Resistance	T046	C0021655
27832159	80	99	Reduces Body Weight	T033	C1262477
27832159	103	107	Diet	T168	C0012155
27832159	117	122	Obese	T047	C0028754
27832159	123	136	C57BL/6J Mice	T015	C1521751
27832159	137	144	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27832159	195	207	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27832159	225	234	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27832159	235	247	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27832159	249	267	Delta-5 desaturase	T116,T126	C0057338
27832159	269	272	D5D	T116,T126	C0057338
27832159	280	286	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27832159	304	327	dihomo-γ-linolenic acid	T109	C0000658
27832159	329	333	DGLA	T109	C0000658
27832159	338	354	arachidonic acid	T109	C0003695
27832159	356	358	AA	T109	C0003695
27832159	367	370	D5D	T116,T126	C0057338
27832159	371	381	inhibition	T039	C1524081
27832159	392	396	DGLA	T109	C0000658
27832159	411	428	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27832159	429	440	eicosanoids	T109	C0013725
27832159	459	461	AA	T109	C0003695
27832159	493	504	eicosanoids	T109	C0013725
27832159	527	538	synergistic	T080	C2986495
27832159	539	550	improvement	T077	C2986411
27832159	609	616	reduced	T080	C0392756
27832159	617	635	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27832159	644	656	anti-obesity	T121	C0376607
27832159	669	672	D5D	T116,T126	C0057338
27832159	694	706	compound-326	T121	C1254351
27832159	712	718	orally	T082	C0442027
27832159	726	740	small-molecule	T109	C1328819
27832159	747	760	high-fat diet	T168	C0453819
27832159	770	787	obese (DIO) mouse	T015	C0025933
27832159	788	793	model	T050	C0012644
27832159	803	806	D5D	T116,T126	C0057338
27832159	807	817	inhibition	T039	C1524081
27832159	858	863	blood	T031	C0005767
27832159	864	866	AA	T109	C0003695
27832159	869	873	DGLA	T109	C0000658
27832159	874	882	profiles	T059	C2022317
27832159	887	895	DIO mice	T015	C0025933
27832159	920	932	compound-326	T121	C1254351
27832159	941	959	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27832159	971	987	body weight loss	T033	C1262477
27832159	1029	1043	calorie intake	T081	C4281687
27832159	1055	1098	macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue	T033	C4014887
27832159	1117	1130	mRNA analysis	T059,T062	C0872262
27832159	1148	1166	energy expenditure	T039	C0014272
27832159	1195	1209	administration	T061	C1533734
27832159	1213	1225	compound-326	T121	C1254351
27832159	1250	1266	body weight loss	T033	C1262477
27832159	1303	1306	D5D	T116,T126	C0057338
27832159	1317	1326	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27832159	1328	1340	compound-326	T121	C1254351
27832159	1391	1396	obese	T047	C0028754
27832159	1401	1409	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27832159	1410	1418	patients	T101	C0030705

27832181|t|Blood Collection Tubes and Storage Temperature Should Be Evaluated when Using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP for Measuring 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
27832181|a|A significant bias was found when using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP system for measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) with VACUETTE® tubes with Serum Clot Activator and Gel. Here, we examined whether other commonly used tubes or temperatures affected 25OHD results obtained with the Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP system. Serum was collected into five types of vacuum blood collection tubes from three manufacturers, and 25OHD was analyzed using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP system and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) immediately or after storage at 4°C or -80°C for 48 h. Significantly higher 25OHD values were found when using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP system with VACUETTE® tubes with serum clot activator and gel and VACUETTE® tubes with clot activator but no gel compared with VACUETTE® tubes with no additives. The 25OHD values in all of these tubes were not significantly different from those obtained by LC-MS/MS. Moreover, after storage at -80°C for 48 h, the values obtained in IMPROVEVACUTER® tubes with serum clot activator and ge l significantly increased, with a mean bias of 74.6% compared with the values before storage, on analysis with the Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP system. VACUETTE® tubes containing additives significantly affect the accuracy of 25OHD results obtained using the Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP system. Additionally, the composition of serum collected in IMPROVEVACUTER® tubes was affected by freezing, resulting in different measurements when using the Siemens 25OHD assay platform.
27832181	0	22	Blood Collection Tubes	T074	C0184104
27832181	27	46	Storage Temperature	T080	C3640194
27832181	82	106	Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP	T073	C3831595
27832181	111	140	Measuring 25-Hydroxyvitamin D	T059	C2984945
27832181	185	209	Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP	T073	C3831595
27832181	221	255	measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D	T059	C2984945
27832181	257	262	25OHD	T109,T127	C0535968
27832181	269	318	VACUETTE® tubes with Serum Clot Activator and Gel	T074	C0184104
27832181	366	371	tubes	T074	C0184104
27832181	375	387	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27832181	397	410	25OHD results	T059	C2984945
27832181	429	453	Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP	T073	C3831595
27832181	462	467	Serum	T031	C0229671
27832181	501	530	vacuum blood collection tubes	T074	C0184104
27832181	561	579	25OHD was analyzed	T059	C2984945
27832181	590	614	Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP	T073	C3831595
27832181	626	672	liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
27832181	674	682	LC-MS/MS	T059	C4049918
27832181	739	759	Significantly higher	T081	C4055638
27832181	760	772	25OHD values	T059	C2984945
27832181	799	823	Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP	T073	C3831595
27832181	836	885	VACUETTE® tubes with serum clot activator and gel	T074	C0184104
27832181	890	925	VACUETTE® tubes with clot activator	T074	C0184104
27832181	951	966	VACUETTE® tubes	T074	C0184104
27832181	990	1002	25OHD values	T059	C2984945
27832181	1081	1089	LC-MS/MS	T059	C4049918
27832181	1157	1211	IMPROVEVACUTER® tubes with serum clot activator and ge	T074	C0184104
27832181	1214	1237	significantly increased	T081	C4055637
27832181	1327	1351	Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP	T073	C3831595
27832181	1360	1375	VACUETTE® tubes	T074	C0184104
27832181	1434	1447	25OHD results	T059	C2984945
27832181	1467	1491	Siemens ADVIA Centaur XP	T073	C3831595
27832181	1533	1538	serum	T031	C0229671
27832181	1552	1573	IMPROVEVACUTER® tubes	T074	C0184104
27832181	1590	1598	freezing	T070	C0016701
27832181	1659	1664	25OHD	T109,T127	C0535968
27832181	1665	1679	assay platform	T073	C3273359

27832198|t|Evolution of Fitness Cost-Neutral Mutant PfCRT Conferring P. falciparum 4-Aminoquinoline Drug Resistance Is Accompanied by Altered Parasite Metabolism and Digestive Vacuole Physiology
27832198|a|Southeast Asia is an epicenter of multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains. Selective pressures on the subcontinent have recurrently produced several allelic variants of parasite drug resistance genes, including the P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt). Despite significant reductions in the deployment of the 4-aminoquinoline drug chloroquine (CQ), which selected for the mutant pfcrt alleles that halted CQ efficacy decades ago, the parasite pfcrt locus is continuously evolving. This is highlighted by the presence of a highly mutated allele, Cam734 pfcrt, which has acquired the singular ability to confer parasite CQ resistance without an associated fitness cost. Here, we used pfcrt -specific zinc-finger nucleases to genetically dissect this allele in the pathogenic setting of asexual blood-stage infection. Comparative analysis of drug resistance and growth profiles of recombinant parasites that express Cam734 or variants thereof, Dd2 (the most common Southeast Asian variant), or wild-type pfcrt, revealed previously unknown roles for PfCRT mutations in modulating parasite susceptibility to multiple antimalarial agents. These results were generated in the GC03 strain, used in multiple earlier pfcrt studies, and might differ in natural isolates harboring this allele. Results presented herein show that Cam734 -mediated CQ resistance is dependent on the rare A144F mutation that has not been observed beyond Southeast Asia, and reveal distinct impacts of this and other Cam734 -specific mutations on CQ resistance and parasite growth rates. Biochemical assays revealed a broad impact of mutant PfCRT isoforms on parasite metabolism, including nucleoside triphosphate levels, hemoglobin catabolism and disposition of heme, as well as digestive vacuole volume and pH. Results from our study provide new insights into the complex molecular basis and physiological impact of PfCRT -mediated antimalarial drug resistance, and inform ongoing efforts to characterize novel pfcrt alleles that can undermine the efficacy of first-line antimalarial drug regimens.
27832198	0	9	Evolution	T045	C0015219
27832198	13	20	Fitness	T045	C3824713
27832198	21	33	Cost-Neutral	T033	C0243095
27832198	34	40	Mutant	T049	C0596988
27832198	41	46	PfCRT	T116,T123	C0962247
27832198	58	71	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
27832198	72	88	4-Aminoquinoline	T109,T121	C0048060
27832198	89	104	Drug Resistance	T038	C0013203
27832198	123	130	Altered	T169	C0392747
27832198	131	139	Parasite	T204	C0030498
27832198	140	150	Metabolism	T040	C0025519
27832198	155	172	Digestive Vacuole	T026	C1167024
27832198	173	183	Physiology	T091	C0031842
27832198	184	198	Southeast Asia	T083	C0003983
27832198	218	237	multidrug-resistant	T032	C0242640
27832198	238	267	Plasmodium falciparum strains	T204	C0032150
27832198	343	350	allelic	T028	C0002085
27832198	351	359	variants	T028	C0678941
27832198	363	371	parasite	T204	C0030498
27832198	372	387	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27832198	388	393	genes	T028	C0017337
27832198	409	457	P. falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter	T028	C0017337
27832198	459	464	pfcrt	T028	C0017337
27832198	487	497	reductions	T061	C0441610
27832198	505	515	deployment	T052	C2825812
27832198	523	539	4-aminoquinoline	T109,T121	C0048060
27832198	540	544	drug	T121	C1254351
27832198	545	556	chloroquine	T109,T121	C0008269
27832198	558	560	CQ	T109,T121	C0008269
27832198	586	592	mutant	T028	C0678941
27832198	593	598	pfcrt	T028	C0017337
27832198	599	606	alleles	T028	C0002085
27832198	619	621	CQ	T109,T121	C0008269
27832198	622	630	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27832198	648	656	parasite	T204	C0030498
27832198	657	662	pfcrt	T028	C0017337
27832198	663	668	locus	T082	C1708726
27832198	736	742	highly	T080	C0205250
27832198	743	750	mutated	T045	C0026882
27832198	751	757	allele	T028	C0002085
27832198	759	771	Cam734 pfcrt	T028	C0017337
27832198	823	831	parasite	T204	C0030498
27832198	832	834	CQ	T109,T121	C0008269
27832198	835	845	resistance	T038	C0013203
27832198	868	875	fitness	T045	C3824713
27832198	876	880	cost	T080	C4049986
27832198	896	901	pfcrt	T028	C0017337
27832198	912	933	zinc-finger nucleases	T116,T126	C0597094
27832198	937	956	genetically dissect	T169	C0205239
27832198	962	968	allele	T028	C0002085
27832198	976	986	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
27832198	998	1027	asexual blood-stage infection	T046	C3714514
27832198	1029	1049	Comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
27832198	1053	1068	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27832198	1073	1079	growth	T040	C0018270
27832198	1092	1113	recombinant parasites	T204	C0030498
27832198	1119	1126	express	T045	C0017262
27832198	1127	1133	Cam734	T028	C0017337
27832198	1137	1145	variants	T028	C0678941
27832198	1155	1158	Dd2	T028	C0017337
27832198	1176	1191	Southeast Asian	T083	C0003983
27832198	1192	1199	variant	T028	C0678941
27832198	1205	1214	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27832198	1215	1220	pfcrt	T028	C0017337
27832198	1260	1265	PfCRT	T116,T123	C0962247
27832198	1266	1275	mutations	T045	C0026882
27832198	1290	1298	parasite	T204	C0030498
27832198	1326	1345	antimalarial agents	T121	C0003374
27832198	1383	1387	GC03	T028	C0017337
27832198	1388	1394	strain	T001	C1518614
27832198	1421	1426	pfcrt	T028	C0017337
27832198	1427	1434	studies	T062	C2603343
27832198	1488	1494	allele	T028	C0002085
27832198	1531	1537	Cam734	T028	C0017337
27832198	1548	1550	CQ	T109,T121	C0008269
27832198	1551	1561	resistance	T038	C0013203
27832198	1587	1592	A144F	T045	C0026882
27832198	1593	1601	mutation	T045	C0026882
27832198	1636	1650	Southeast Asia	T083	C0003983
27832198	1672	1679	impacts	T080	C4049986
27832198	1698	1704	Cam734	T028	C0017337
27832198	1715	1724	mutations	T045	C0026882
27832198	1728	1730	CQ	T109,T121	C0008269
27832198	1731	1741	resistance	T038	C0013203
27832198	1746	1754	parasite	T204	C0030498
27832198	1755	1767	growth rates	T079	C0449249
27832198	1769	1787	Biochemical assays	T059	C0005507
27832198	1805	1811	impact	T080	C4049986
27832198	1815	1821	mutant	T049	C0596988
27832198	1822	1827	PfCRT	T116,T123	C0962247
27832198	1828	1836	isoforms	T116	C0597298
27832198	1840	1848	parasite	T204	C0030498
27832198	1849	1859	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27832198	1871	1894	nucleoside triphosphate	T114	C0597106
27832198	1895	1901	levels	T080	C0441889
27832198	1903	1924	hemoglobin catabolism	T044	C1157963
27832198	1944	1948	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27832198	1961	1978	digestive vacuole	T026	C1167024
27832198	1979	1985	volume	T081	C0449468
27832198	1990	1992	pH	T081	C0020283
27832198	2047	2070	complex molecular basis	T170	C4246449
27832198	2075	2088	physiological	T169	C0205463
27832198	2089	2095	impact	T080	C4049986
27832198	2099	2104	PfCRT	T116,T123	C0962247
27832198	2115	2127	antimalarial	T121	C0003374
27832198	2128	2143	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27832198	2194	2199	pfcrt	T028	C0017337
27832198	2200	2207	alleles	T028	C0002085
27832198	2231	2239	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27832198	2254	2271	antimalarial drug	T121	C0003374
27832198	2272	2280	regimens	T061	C0040808

27832581|t|Effect of nutritionally induced hyperlipidaemia on in vitro bovine embryo quality depends on the type of major fatty acid in the diet
27832581|a|The present study examined whether the effects of dietary -induced hyperlipidaemia on preimplantation embryo development depend on the predominant fatty acid (FA) type in the diet. In a combined in vivo - in vitro bovine model, two groups of cows (n=3 in each group) were fed with three diets consecutively (4 weeks feeding for each): (1) a maintenance control diet (CONT); (2) a high - starch diet rich in saturated fat (SAT); and (3) a high - starch diet rich in omega-3 unsaturated fat (UNSAT). Two feeding sequences were used to test for carry-over effects: Group A was fed CONT, SAT1 and then UNSAT2, whereas Group B was fed CONT, UNSAT1 and then SAT2. Serum was collected after each dietary period, analysed and tested in bovine in vitro embryo culture. Introducing SAT and UNSAT diets induced hyperlipidaemia (specifically hypercholesterolaemia and elevated free FAs) and reduced insulin sensitivity. Carry-over effects in serum metabolites and FA profile were dependent on the diet and feeding sequence. SAT1 and SAT2 serum decreased blastocyst rates and altered blastocyst mRNA expression related to apoptosis and oxidative stress. UNSAT1 and UNSAT2 serum resulted in normal embryo development and quality. Other in vitro effects depended on the sequence of feeding. In conclusion, substitution of saturated fat with omega-3 fat in a high-caloric diet induced hyperlipidaemia with an FA profile yielding similar rates and quality of blastocysts compared with normolipidaemic controls.
27832581	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27832581	10	31	nutritionally induced	T033	C0392209
27832581	32	47	hyperlipidaemia	T047	C0020473
27832581	51	59	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27832581	60	66	bovine	T015	C3667982
27832581	67	73	embryo	T018	C0013935
27832581	111	121	fatty acid	T109	C0015684
27832581	129	133	diet	T168	C0012155
27832581	146	151	study	T062	C2603343
27832581	152	160	examined	T033	C0332128
27832581	173	183	effects of	T080	C1704420
27832581	184	191	dietary	T168	C0012155
27832581	201	216	hyperlipidaemia	T047	C0020473
27832581	220	254	preimplantation embryo development	T039	C1446949
27832581	281	291	fatty acid	T109	C0015684
27832581	293	295	FA	T109	C0015684
27832581	309	313	diet	T168	C0012155
27832581	329	336	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27832581	339	347	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27832581	348	354	bovine	T015	C3667982
27832581	355	360	model	T008	C0599779
27832581	376	380	cows	T015	C0007452
27832581	406	409	fed	T052	C3853577
27832581	421	426	diets	T168	C0012155
27832581	450	457	feeding	T052	C2987508
27832581	475	499	maintenance control diet	T168	C0012155
27832581	501	505	CONT	T168	C0012155
27832581	514	518	high	T080	C0205250
27832581	521	527	starch	T168	C0311120
27832581	528	532	diet	T168	C0012155
27832581	541	554	saturated fat	T168	C0597423
27832581	556	559	SAT	T168	C0597423
27832581	572	576	high	T080	C0205250
27832581	579	585	starch	T168	C0311120
27832581	586	590	diet	T168	C0012155
27832581	599	606	omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27832581	607	622	unsaturated fat	T109,T168	C0012172
27832581	624	629	UNSAT	T109,T168	C0012172
27832581	636	643	feeding	T052	C2987508
27832581	644	653	sequences	T169	C1519249
27832581	708	711	fed	T052	C3853577
27832581	712	716	CONT	T168	C0012155
27832581	718	722	SAT1	T168	C0597423
27832581	732	738	UNSAT2	T109,T168	C0012172
27832581	760	763	fed	T052	C3853577
27832581	764	768	CONT	T168	C0012155
27832581	770	776	UNSAT1	T109,T168	C0012172
27832581	786	790	SAT2	T168	C0597423
27832581	792	797	Serum	T031	C0229671
27832581	823	830	dietary	T168	C0012155
27832581	831	837	period	T079	C1948053
27832581	839	847	analysed	T062	C0936012
27832581	852	858	tested	T169	C0039593
27832581	862	868	bovine	T015	C3667982
27832581	869	877	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27832581	878	892	embryo culture	T059	C0920489
27832581	906	909	SAT	T168	C0597423
27832581	914	919	UNSAT	T109,T168	C0012172
27832581	920	925	diets	T168	C0012155
27832581	934	949	hyperlipidaemia	T047	C0020473
27832581	964	985	hypercholesterolaemia	T047	C0020443
27832581	999	1007	free FAs	T109	C0015688
27832581	1021	1040	insulin sensitivity	T046	C0920563
27832581	1064	1069	serum	T031	C0229671
27832581	1070	1081	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27832581	1086	1096	FA profile	T059	C0202009
27832581	1119	1123	diet	T168	C0012155
27832581	1128	1135	feeding	T052	C2987508
27832581	1136	1144	sequence	T169	C1519249
27832581	1146	1150	SAT1	T168	C0597423
27832581	1155	1159	SAT2	T168	C0597423
27832581	1160	1165	serum	T031	C0229671
27832581	1176	1186	blastocyst	T018	C1281743
27832581	1205	1215	blastocyst	T018	C1281743
27832581	1216	1231	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27832581	1243	1252	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27832581	1257	1273	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27832581	1275	1281	UNSAT1	T109,T168	C0012172
27832581	1286	1292	UNSAT2	T109,T168	C0012172
27832581	1293	1298	serum	T031	C0229671
27832581	1318	1324	embryo	T018	C0013935
27832581	1341	1348	quality	T080	C0332306
27832581	1356	1364	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27832581	1389	1397	sequence	T169	C1519249
27832581	1401	1408	feeding	T052	C2987508
27832581	1425	1437	substitution	T052	C1706204
27832581	1441	1454	saturated fat	T168	C0597423
27832581	1460	1471	omega-3 fat	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27832581	1477	1494	high-caloric diet	T061	C0301590
27832581	1503	1518	hyperlipidaemia	T047	C0020473
27832581	1527	1537	FA profile	T059	C0202009
27832581	1576	1587	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
27832581	1602	1626	normolipidaemic controls	T096	C0009932

27832736|t|Facial Likability and Smiling Enhance Cooperation, but Have No Direct Effect on Moralistic Punishment
27832736|a|The present study serves to test how positive and negative appearance -based expectations affect cooperation and punishment. Participants played a prisoner's dilemma game with partners who either cooperated or defected. Then they were given a costly punishment option: They could spend money to decrease the payoffs of their partners. Aggregated over trials, participants spent more money for punishing the defection of likable - looking and smiling partners compared to punishing the defection of unlikable - looking and nonsmiling partners, but only because participants were more likely to cooperate with likable - looking and smiling partners, which provided the participants with more opportunities for moralistic punishment. When expressed as a conditional probability, moralistic punishment did not differ as a function of the partners ' facial likability. Smiling had no effect on the probability of moralistic punishment, but punishment was milder for smiling in comparison to nonsmiling partners.
27832736	0	6	Facial	T029	C0015450
27832736	7	17	Likability	T078	C0870813
27832736	22	29	Smiling	T054	C0037363
27832736	30	37	Enhance	T052	C2349975
27832736	38	49	Cooperation	T054	C0392337
27832736	55	59	Have	T080	C3539897
27832736	63	69	Direct	T080	C1947931
27832736	70	76	Effect	T080	C1280500
27832736	80	101	Moralistic Punishment	T078	C0034119
27832736	106	119	present study	T062	C2603343
27832736	130	134	test	T170	C0392366
27832736	139	147	positive	T033	C1446409
27832736	152	160	negative	T033	C0205160
27832736	161	171	appearance	T032	C0233426
27832736	179	191	expectations	T078	C0679138
27832736	192	198	affect	T041	C0001721
27832736	199	210	cooperation	T054	C0392337
27832736	215	225	punishment	T078	C0034119
27832736	227	239	Participants	T098	C0679646
27832736	240	246	played	T033	C0600138
27832736	249	267	prisoner's dilemma	T078	C0033166
27832736	268	272	game	T056	C0150593
27832736	278	286	partners	T098	C3887537
27832736	291	297	either	T033	C3844638
27832736	298	308	cooperated	T054	C0009964
27832736	312	320	defected	T169	C1457869
27832736	352	362	punishment	T078	C0034119
27832736	363	369	option	T169	C1518601
27832736	382	387	spend	T081	C0680968
27832736	388	393	money	T073	C0870909
27832736	397	405	decrease	T081	C0547047
27832736	410	417	payoffs	T081	C0392762
27832736	427	435	partners	T098	C3887537
27832736	437	447	Aggregated	T169	C0332621
27832736	453	459	trials	T062	C0681815
27832736	461	473	participants	T098	C0679646
27832736	474	479	spent	T081	C0680968
27832736	485	490	money	T073	C0870909
27832736	495	504	punishing	T169	C0458279
27832736	509	518	defection	T054	C0870406
27832736	522	529	likable	T041	C0870814
27832736	532	539	looking	T032	C0233426
27832736	544	551	smiling	T054	C0037363
27832736	552	560	partners	T098	C3887537
27832736	561	569	compared	T052	C1707455
27832736	573	582	punishing	T169	C0458279
27832736	587	596	defection	T054	C0870406
27832736	600	609	unlikable	T041	C0025361
27832736	612	619	looking	T032	C0233426
27832736	624	634	nonsmiling	T054	C0037397
27832736	635	643	partners	T098	C3887537
27832736	662	674	participants	T098	C0679646
27832736	695	704	cooperate	T054	C0009964
27832736	710	717	likable	T041	C0870814
27832736	720	727	looking	T032	C0233426
27832736	732	739	smiling	T054	C0037363
27832736	740	748	partners	T098	C3887537
27832736	756	764	provided	T052	C1999230
27832736	769	781	participants	T098	C0679646
27832736	792	805	opportunities	T033	C0243095
27832736	810	831	moralistic punishment	T078	C0034119
27832736	853	864	conditional	T080	C1701901
27832736	865	876	probability	T081	C0033204
27832736	878	899	moralistic punishment	T078	C0034119
27832736	920	928	function	T169	C0542341
27832736	936	944	partners	T098	C3887537
27832736	947	953	facial	T029	C0015450
27832736	954	964	likability	T078	C0870813
27832736	966	973	Smiling	T054	C0037363
27832736	981	987	effect	T080	C1280500
27832736	995	1006	probability	T081	C0033204
27832736	1010	1031	moralistic punishment	T078	C0034119
27832736	1037	1047	punishment	T078	C0034119
27832736	1052	1058	milder	T080	C2945599
27832736	1063	1070	smiling	T054	C0037363
27832736	1074	1084	comparison	T052	C1707455
27832736	1088	1098	nonsmiling	T054	C0037397
27832736	1099	1107	partners	T098	C3887537

27834480|t|A Caucasian JK*A/JK*B woman with Jk(a+b-) red blood cells, anti-Jkb, and a novel JK*B allele c.1038delG
27834480|a|The Kidd blood group on the red blood cell (RBC) glycoprotein urea transporter-B has a growing number of weak and null alleles in its gene SLC14A1 that are emerging from more widespread genotyping of blood donors and patients. We investigated a 64-year-old Caucasian woman of Polish-Czech descent who developed anti-Jkb detected in solid-phase RBC adherence testing within 12 days after 7 units of RBCs were transfused. Her RBCs subsequently typed Jk(a+b–) by licensed reagents and human antisera. Nevertheless, in RBC genotyping (BioArray HEA BeadChip, Immucor, Warren, NJ) performed in our transfusion service on all patients with alloantibodies, her Kidd typing was JK*A/JK*B based on the Jka/Jkb single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 9 (c.838G>A, p.Asp280Asn). Genomic analysis and cDNA sequencing of her JK*B allele revealed a novel single-nucleotide deletion of c.1038G in exon 11, predicting a frameshift and premature stop (p.Thr346Thrfs*5) after translation of nearly 90 percent of the expressed exons 4–11. This allele has been provisionally named JK*02N.14, subject to approval by the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party. The site of this variant is closer to the C-terminus than that of any allele associated with the Jk(a–b–) phenotype reported to date. Routine genotyping of patients with RBC alloantibodies can reveal variants posing potential risk of alloimmunization. Continuing investigation of Kidd variants may shed light on the structure of Kidd antigens and the function of urea transporter-B.
27834480	2	11	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27834480	12	21	JK*A/JK*B	T033	C4017339
27834480	22	27	woman	T098	C0043210
27834480	33	41	Jk(a+b-)	T032	C1320565
27834480	42	57	red blood cells	T025	C0014792
27834480	59	67	anti-Jkb	T116,T129	C0432654
27834480	81	103	JK*B allele c.1038delG	T028	C0017337
27834480	108	124	Kidd blood group	T022	C0022645
27834480	132	146	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
27834480	148	151	RBC	T025	C0014792
27834480	153	165	glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0017968
27834480	166	184	urea transporter-B	T116,T123	C1454327
27834480	199	205	number	T081	C0237753
27834480	209	213	weak	T080	C1762617
27834480	218	230	null alleles	T049	C2985437
27834480	238	250	gene SLC14A1	T028	C1420098
27834480	279	289	widespread	T082	C0205391
27834480	290	300	genotyping	T059	C1285573
27834480	304	316	blood donors	T098	C0005795
27834480	321	329	patients	T101	C0030705
27834480	334	346	investigated	T169	C1292732
27834480	361	370	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27834480	371	376	woman	T098	C0043210
27834480	380	392	Polish-Czech	T098	C1257890
27834480	393	400	descent	T099	C0680043
27834480	415	423	anti-Jkb	T116,T129	C0432654
27834480	424	432	detected	T033	C0442726
27834480	436	447	solid-phase	T059	C3825034
27834480	448	451	RBC	T025	C0014792
27834480	452	461	adherence	T169	C1510802
27834480	462	469	testing	T169	C0039593
27834480	493	498	units	T081	C0439148
27834480	502	506	RBCs	T025	C0014792
27834480	512	522	transfused	T061	C1879316
27834480	528	532	RBCs	T025	C0014792
27834480	546	551	typed	T059	C0005844
27834480	552	560	Jk(a+b–)	T032	C1320565
27834480	564	572	licensed	T170	C1548573
27834480	573	581	reagents	T130	C0034760
27834480	586	591	human	T016	C0086418
27834480	592	600	antisera	T116,T129,T130	C0301462
27834480	619	622	RBC	T025	C0014792
27834480	623	633	genotyping	T059	C1285573
27834480	635	677	BioArray HEA BeadChip, Immucor, Warren, NJ	T170	C0282574
27834480	679	688	performed	T169	C0884358
27834480	696	707	transfusion	T061	C1879316
27834480	708	715	service	T058	C0011929
27834480	723	731	patients	T101	C0030705
27834480	737	751	alloantibodies	T129	C0022144
27834480	757	768	Kidd typing	T059	C0522936
27834480	773	782	JK*A/JK*B	T033	C4017339
27834480	796	803	Jka/Jkb	T028	C0017337
27834480	804	834	single nucleotide polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27834480	838	844	exon 9	T114,T123	C0015295
27834480	846	867	c.838G>A, p.Asp280Asn	T114,T123	C0015295
27834480	870	886	Genomic analysis	T091	C0887950
27834480	891	895	cDNA	T114	C0006556
27834480	896	906	sequencing	T059	C1294197
27834480	914	925	JK*B allele	T028	C0017337
27834480	926	934	revealed	T080	C0443289
27834480	943	969	single-nucleotide deletion	T049	C0544883
27834480	973	991	c.1038G in exon 11	T114,T123	C0015295
27834480	993	1003	predicting	T078	C0681842
27834480	1006	1016	frameshift	T049	C0079380
27834480	1021	1035	premature stop	T086	C0242612
27834480	1037	1052	p.Thr346Thrfs*5	T086	C0242612
27834480	1060	1071	translation	T045	C1519614
27834480	1085	1092	percent	T081	C0439165
27834480	1100	1109	expressed	T045	C0017262
27834480	1110	1120	exons 4–11	T114,T123	C0015295
27834480	1127	1133	allele	T028	C0002085
27834480	1143	1162	provisionally named	UnknownType	C0680886
27834480	1163	1172	JK*02N.14	T170	C1953359
27834480	1174	1181	subject	T169	C1550501
27834480	1185	1193	approval	T080	C0205540
27834480	1201	1243	International Society of Blood Transfusion	T170	C1550215
27834480	1244	1257	Working Party	T057	C0043227
27834480	1263	1267	site	T082	C0205145
27834480	1276	1283	variant	T070	C0042333
27834480	1287	1293	closer	T033	C3810854
27834480	1329	1335	allele	T028	C0002085
27834480	1336	1351	associated with	T080	C0332281
27834480	1356	1374	Jk(a–b–) phenotype	T034	C1292238
27834480	1375	1383	reported	T170	C0684224
27834480	1393	1400	Routine	T080	C0205547
27834480	1401	1411	genotyping	T059	C1285573
27834480	1415	1423	patients	T101	C0030705
27834480	1429	1432	RBC	T025	C0014792
27834480	1433	1447	alloantibodies	T129	C0022144
27834480	1452	1458	reveal	T080	C0443289
27834480	1459	1467	variants	T070	C0042333
27834480	1475	1484	potential	T080	C3245505
27834480	1485	1489	risk	T078	C0035647
27834480	1493	1509	alloimmunization	T047	C0948201
27834480	1511	1521	Continuing	T078	C0549178
27834480	1522	1535	investigation	T169	C1292732
27834480	1539	1543	Kidd	T022	C0022645
27834480	1544	1552	variants	T070	C0042333
27834480	1575	1584	structure	T082	C0678594
27834480	1588	1601	Kidd antigens	T116,T129	C0313028
27834480	1610	1618	function	T169	C0542341
27834480	1622	1640	urea transporter-B	T116,T123	C1454327

27834716|t|Draft Genome Sequence of the Soil Isolate Lysinibacillus fusiformis M5, a Potential Hypoxanthine Producer
27834716|a|Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain M5 is a potential hypoxanthine producer that was isolated from clay soil. Here, we present the draft genome sequence that was annotated in order to facilitate future studies of L. fusiformis M5.
27834716	0	21	Draft Genome Sequence	T085	C2348746
27834716	29	33	Soil	T167	C0037592
27834716	34	41	Isolate	T123	C1764827
27834716	42	70	Lysinibacillus fusiformis M5	T007	C1095838
27834716	74	83	Potential	T080	C3245505
27834716	84	96	Hypoxanthine	T109,T123	C0020684
27834716	106	141	Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain M5	T007	C1095838
27834716	147	156	potential	T080	C3245505
27834716	157	169	hypoxanthine	T109,T123	C0020684
27834716	188	196	isolated	T123	C1764827
27834716	202	206	clay	T197	C0055863
27834716	207	211	soil	T167	C0037592
27834716	234	255	draft genome sequence	T085	C2348746
27834716	265	274	annotated	T063	C2936606
27834716	305	312	studies	T062	C2603343
27834716	316	333	L. fusiformis M5.	T007	C1095838

27834754|t|Impact of Clinical Trial Results on the Temporal Trends of Carotid Endarterectomy and Stenting From 2002 to 2014
27834754|a|Randomized trials provide conflicting data for the efficacy of carotid-artery stenting compared with endarterectomy. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of conflicting clinical trial publications on the utilization rates of carotid revascularization procedures. We conducted a population-level time-series analysis of all individuals who underwent carotid endarterectomy and stenting in Ontario, Canada (2002-2014). The primary analysis examined temporal changes in the rates of carotid revascularization procedures after publications of major randomized trials. Secondary analyses examined changes in overall and age, sex, carotid-artery symptom, and operator specialty-specific procedure rates. A total of 16 772 patients were studied (14 394 endarterectomy [86%]; 2378 stenting [14%]). The overall rate of carotid revascularization decreased from 6.0 procedures per 100 000 individuals ≥40 years old in April 2002 to 4.3 procedures in the first quarter of 2014 (29% decrease; P<0.001). The rate of endarterectomy decreased by 36% (P<0.001), whereas the rate of carotid-artery stenting increased by 72% (P=0.006). We observed a marked increase (P=0.01) in stenting after publication of the SAPPHIRE trial (Stenting and Angioplasty With Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy) in 2004, whereas stenting remained relatively unchanged after subsequent randomized trials published in 2006 (P=0.11) and 2010 (P=0.34). In contrast, endarterectomy decreased after trials published in 2006 (P=0.04) and 2010 (P=0.005). Although the overall rates of carotid revascularization and endarterectomy have fallen since 2002, the rate of carotid-artery stenting has risen since the publication of stenting -favorable SAPPHIRE trial. Subsequent conflicting randomized trials were associated with a decreasing rate of carotid endarterectomy.
27834754	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27834754	10	24	Clinical Trial	T062	C0008976
27834754	25	32	Results	T034	C0456984
27834754	40	48	Temporal	T079	C2362314
27834754	49	55	Trends	T079	C0040833
27834754	59	81	Carotid Endarterectomy	T061	C0014099
27834754	86	94	Stenting	T061	C2348535
27834754	113	130	Randomized trials	T062,T170	C0206034
27834754	139	150	conflicting	T080	C1705242
27834754	151	155	data	T078	C1511726
27834754	164	172	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27834754	176	199	carotid-artery stenting	T061	C2348535
27834754	214	228	endarterectomy	T061	C0014098
27834754	275	281	impact	T080	C4049986
27834754	285	296	conflicting	T080	C1705242
27834754	297	324	clinical trial publications	T170	C1096775
27834754	332	343	utilization	UnknownType	C0815187
27834754	332	349	utilization rates	T081	C1521828
27834754	353	389	carotid revascularization procedures	T061	C3495793
27834754	406	443	population-level time-series analysis	T062	C0681939
27834754	451	462	individuals	T098	C0237401
27834754	477	499	carotid endarterectomy	T061	C0014099
27834754	504	512	stenting	T061	C2348535
27834754	516	523	Ontario	T083	C0029040
27834754	525	531	Canada	T083	C0006823
27834754	549	565	primary analysis	T062	C0936012
27834754	575	583	temporal	T079	C2362314
27834754	584	591	changes	T081	C1705241
27834754	599	604	rates	T081	C1521828
27834754	608	644	carotid revascularization procedures	T061	C3495793
27834754	651	663	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
27834754	673	690	randomized trials	T062,T170	C0206034
27834754	692	710	Secondary analyses	UnknownType	C0683944
27834754	720	727	changes	T081	C1705241
27834754	731	738	overall	T080	C1561607
27834754	743	746	age	T032	C0001779
27834754	748	751	sex	T032	C0079399
27834754	753	775	carotid-artery symptom	T184	C1457887
27834754	781	824	operator specialty-specific procedure rates	T081	C1521828
27834754	844	852	patients	T101	C0030705
27834754	874	888	endarterectomy	T061	C0014098
27834754	901	909	stenting	T061	C2348535
27834754	938	963	carotid revascularization	T061	C3495793
27834754	983	993	procedures	T061	C0184661
27834754	1006	1017	individuals	T098	C0237401
27834754	1053	1063	procedures	T061	C0184661
27834754	1122	1126	rate	T081	C1521828
27834754	1130	1144	endarterectomy	T061	C0014098
27834754	1145	1154	decreased	T081	C0205216
27834754	1185	1189	rate	T081	C1521828
27834754	1193	1216	carotid-artery stenting	T061	C2348535
27834754	1217	1226	increased	T081	C0205217
27834754	1259	1274	marked increase	T169	C0442805
27834754	1287	1295	stenting	T061	C2348535
27834754	1302	1313	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27834754	1321	1335	SAPPHIRE trial	T062	C0242481
27834754	1337	1421	Stenting and Angioplasty With Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy	T062	C0242481
27834754	1440	1448	stenting	T061	C2348535
27834754	1469	1478	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27834754	1496	1513	randomized trials	T062,T170	C0206034
27834754	1573	1587	endarterectomy	T061	C0014098
27834754	1588	1597	decreased	T081	C0205216
27834754	1604	1610	trials	T062	C0681815
27834754	1671	1684	overall rates	T081	C1521828
27834754	1688	1713	carotid revascularization	T061	C3495793
27834754	1718	1732	endarterectomy	T061	C0014098
27834754	1761	1765	rate	T081	C1521828
27834754	1769	1792	carotid-artery stenting	T061	C2348535
27834754	1797	1802	risen	T081	C0205217
27834754	1813	1824	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27834754	1828	1836	stenting	T061	C2348535
27834754	1848	1862	SAPPHIRE trial	T062	C0242481
27834754	1875	1886	conflicting	T080	C1705242
27834754	1887	1904	randomized trials	T062,T170	C0206034
27834754	1910	1925	associated with	T080	C0332281
27834754	1928	1943	decreasing rate	T033	C0442797
27834754	1947	1969	carotid endarterectomy	T061	C0014099

27834836|t|Proteomic Analysis of Tung Tree (Vernicia fordii) Oilseeds during the Developmental Stages
27834836|a|The tung tree (Vernicia fordii), a non-model woody plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, is a promising economic plant due to the high content of a novel high-value oil in its seeds. Many metabolic pathways are active during seed development. Oil (triacylglycerols (TAGs)) accumulates in oil bodies distributed in the endosperm cells of tung tree seeds. The relationship between oil bodies and oil content during tung tree seed development was analyzed using ultrastructural observations, which confirmed that oil accumulation was correlated with the volumes and numbers of oil bodies in the endosperm cells during three different developmental stages. For a deeper understanding of seed development, we carried out proteomic analyses. At least 144 proteins were differentially expressed during three different developmental stages. A total of 76 proteins were successfully identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry / mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS / MS). These proteins were grouped into 11 classes according to their functions. The major groups of differentially expressed proteins were associated with energy metabolism (25%), fatty acid metabolism (15.79%) and defense (14.47%). These results strongly suggested that a very high percentage of gene expression in seed development is dedicated to the synthesis and accumulation of TAGs.
27834836	0	18	Proteomic Analysis	T059	C1327760
27834836	22	31	Tung Tree	T002	C0330604
27834836	33	48	Vernicia fordii	T002	C0330604
27834836	50	58	Oilseeds	T002	C0036563
27834836	70	90	Developmental Stages	T079	C0870411
27834836	95	104	tung tree	T002	C0330604
27834836	106	121	Vernicia fordii	T002	C0330604
27834836	136	147	woody plant	T002	C2699642
27834836	165	185	Euphorbiaceae family	T002	C0446243
27834836	202	210	economic	T169	C0013557
27834836	211	216	plant	T002	C0032098
27834836	228	232	high	T080	C0205250
27834836	233	240	content	T077	C0456205
27834836	246	251	novel	T080	C0205314
27834836	252	262	high-value	T080	C0205250
27834836	263	266	oil	T109,T123	C0032085
27834836	274	279	seeds	T002	C0036563
27834836	286	304	metabolic pathways	T169	C1291081
27834836	309	315	active	T169	C0205177
27834836	323	339	seed development	T039	C1522860
27834836	341	344	Oil	T109,T123	C0032085
27834836	346	362	triacylglycerols	T109,T123	C0041004
27834836	364	368	TAGs	T109,T123	C0041004
27834836	371	382	accumulates	T033	C4055506
27834836	386	396	oil bodies	T026	C1166870
27834836	397	408	distributed	T169	C1704711
27834836	416	425	endosperm	T002	C2717855
27834836	426	431	cells	T025	C0007634
27834836	435	444	tung tree	T002	C0330604
27834836	445	450	seeds	T002	C0036563
27834836	456	468	relationship	T080	C0439849
27834836	477	487	oil bodies	T026	C1166870
27834836	492	495	oil	T109,T123	C0032085
27834836	496	503	content	T077	C0456205
27834836	511	520	tung tree	T002	C0330604
27834836	521	537	seed development	T039	C1522860
27834836	542	550	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27834836	557	572	ultrastructural	T078	C0041623
27834836	573	585	observations	T169	C1441672
27834836	593	602	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27834836	608	611	oil	T109,T123	C0032085
27834836	612	624	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27834836	629	639	correlated	T080	C1707520
27834836	649	656	volumes	T081	C0449468
27834836	661	668	numbers	T081	C0237753
27834836	672	682	oil bodies	T026	C1166870
27834836	690	699	endosperm	T002	C2717855
27834836	700	705	cells	T025	C0007634
27834836	719	728	different	T080	C1705242
27834836	729	749	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
27834836	781	797	seed development	T039	C1522860
27834836	814	832	proteomic analyses	T059	C1327760
27834836	847	855	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27834836	861	885	differentially expressed	T045	C1171362
27834836	899	908	different	T080	C1705242
27834836	909	929	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
27834836	945	953	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27834836	972	982	identified	T080	C0205396
27834836	989	1065	matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry	T062	C1518101
27834836	1068	1085	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27834836	1087	1099	MALDI-TOF/MS	T062	C1518101
27834836	1102	1104	MS	T059	C0037813
27834836	1113	1121	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27834836	1127	1134	grouped	T078	C0441833
27834836	1143	1150	classes	T170	C0456387
27834836	1170	1179	functions	T169	C0542341
27834836	1191	1197	groups	T078	C0441833
27834836	1201	1225	differentially expressed	T045	C1171362
27834836	1226	1234	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27834836	1240	1255	associated with	T080	C0332281
27834836	1256	1273	energy metabolism	T039	C0014272
27834836	1281	1302	fatty acid metabolism	T044	C0596563
27834836	1316	1323	defense	T077	C1880266
27834836	1340	1347	results	T169	C1274040
27834836	1357	1366	suggested	T078	C1705535
27834836	1379	1383	high	T080	C0205250
27834836	1384	1394	percentage	T081	C0439165
27834836	1398	1413	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27834836	1417	1433	seed development	T039	C1522860
27834836	1454	1463	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27834836	1468	1480	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27834836	1484	1488	TAGs	T109,T123	C0041004

27834842|t|Ambient Air Pollution, Meteorological Factors and Outpatient Visits for Eczema in Shanghai, China: A Time-Series Analysis
27834842|a|Environmental irritants are important risk factors for skin diseases, but little is known about the influence of environmental factors on eczema incidence. In this time-series study, our objective was to examine the associations of environmental factors with outpatient visits for eczema. Daily outpatient visits between 2007 and 2011 (1826 days) were collected from Huashan Hospital in Shanghai, China. We used an overdispersed generalized additive model to investigate the short-term association between environmental factors and outpatient visits for eczema. Daily outpatient visits for eczema were significantly associated with air pollution and meteorological factors. For example, a 10 μg/m³ increase of 7-day (lag 06) average concentrations of PM10 (particulate matter no greater than 10 microns), SO₂, NO₂ was associated with 0.81% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.39%, 1.22%), 2.22% (95% CI: 1.27%, 3.16%) and 2.31% (95% CI: 1.17%, 3.45%) increase in outpatient visits for eczema, respectively. A 10 °C elevation of temperature on lag 0 day were associated with 8.44% (95% CI: 4.66%, 12.22%) increase in eczema visits, whereas 10 unit decrease of 7-day average relative humidity were associated with 10.86% (95% CI: 8.83%, 12.89%) increase in eczema visits. This study provided clear evidence of ambient air pollution, high temperature and low relative humidity on increasing the incidence of eczema in Shanghai, China.
27834842	0	7	Ambient	T080	C1879688
27834842	8	21	Air Pollution	T069	C0001873
27834842	23	45	Meteorological Factors	T070	C0025594
27834842	50	67	Outpatient Visits	T058	C0545084
27834842	72	78	Eczema	T047	C0013595
27834842	82	90	Shanghai	T083	C0017446
27834842	92	97	China	T083	C0008115
27834842	101	121	Time-Series Analysis	T062	C0681939
27834842	122	145	Environmental irritants	T131	C0022108
27834842	160	172	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27834842	177	190	skin diseases	T047	C0037274
27834842	222	231	influence	T077	C4054723
27834842	235	256	environmental factors	T080	C0686732
27834842	260	266	eczema	T047	C0013595
27834842	267	276	incidence	T081	C0021149
27834842	286	303	time-series study	UnknownType	C0814865
27834842	309	318	objective	T170	C0018017
27834842	338	350	associations	T080	C0439849
27834842	354	375	environmental factors	T080	C0686732
27834842	381	398	outpatient visits	T058	C0545084
27834842	403	409	eczema	T047	C0013595
27834842	417	434	outpatient visits	T058	C0545084
27834842	489	505	Huashan Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27834842	509	517	Shanghai	T083	C0017446
27834842	519	524	China	T083	C0008115
27834842	537	577	overdispersed generalized additive model	T170	C0282574
27834842	597	607	short-term	T079	C0443303
27834842	608	619	association	T080	C0439849
27834842	628	649	environmental factors	T080	C0686732
27834842	654	671	outpatient visits	T058	C0545084
27834842	676	682	eczema	T047	C0013595
27834842	690	707	outpatient visits	T058	C0545084
27834842	712	718	eczema	T047	C0013595
27834842	738	753	associated with	T080	C0332281
27834842	754	767	air pollution	T069	C0001873
27834842	772	794	meteorological factors	T070	C0025594
27834842	820	828	increase	T169	C0442805
27834842	847	869	average concentrations	T081	C2827768
27834842	940	955	associated with	T080	C0332281
27834842	967	987	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27834842	989	991	CI	T081	C0009667
27834842	1019	1021	CI	T081	C0009667
27834842	1052	1054	CI	T081	C0009667
27834842	1070	1078	increase	T169	C0442805
27834842	1082	1099	outpatient visits	T058	C0545084
27834842	1104	1110	eczema	T047	C0013595
27834842	1147	1158	temperature	T081	C0039476
27834842	1177	1192	associated with	T080	C0332281
27834842	1204	1206	CI	T081	C0009667
27834842	1223	1231	increase	T169	C0442805
27834842	1235	1241	eczema	T047	C0013595
27834842	1242	1248	visits	T058	C1512346
27834842	1266	1274	decrease	T081	C0547047
27834842	1292	1309	relative humidity	T081	C0428696
27834842	1315	1330	associated with	T080	C0332281
27834842	1343	1345	CI	T081	C0009667
27834842	1362	1370	increase	T169	C0442805
27834842	1374	1380	eczema	T047	C0013595
27834842	1381	1387	visits	T058	C1512346
27834842	1415	1423	evidence	T078	C3887511
27834842	1427	1434	ambient	T080	C1879688
27834842	1435	1448	air pollution	T069	C0001873
27834842	1450	1454	high	T080	C0205250
27834842	1455	1466	temperature	T081	C0039476
27834842	1471	1474	low	T080	C0205251
27834842	1475	1492	relative humidity	T081	C0428696
27834842	1511	1520	incidence	T081	C0021149
27834842	1524	1530	eczema	T047	C0013595
27834842	1534	1542	Shanghai	T083	C0017446
27834842	1544	1549	China	T083	C0008115

27835851|t|Functional analyses of OcRhS1 and OcUER1 involved in UDP-L-rhamnose biosynthesis in Ornithogalum caudatum
27835851|a|UDP-L-rhamnose (UDP-Rha) is an important sugar donor for the synthesis of rhamnose -containing compounds in plants. However, only a few enzymes and their encoding genes involved in UDP-Rha biosynthesis are available in plants. Here, two genes encoding rhamnose synthase (RhS) and bi-functional UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose (UDP-4K6DG) 3, 5-epimerase/UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose (UDP-4KR) 4-keto-reductase (UER) were isolated from Ornithogalum caudatum based on the RNA - Seq data. The OcRhS1 gene has an ORF (open reading frame) of 2019 bp encoding a tri-functional RhS enzyme. In vitro enzymatic assays revealed OcRhS1 can really convert UDP-D-glucose (UDP-Glc) into UDP-Rha via three consecutive reactions. Biochemical evidences indicated that the recombinant OcRhS1 was active in the pH range of 5-11 and over the temperature range of 0-60 °C. The Km value of OcRhS1 for UDP-Glc was determined to be 1.52 × 10(-4) M. OcRhS1 is a multi-domain protein with two sets of cofactor-binding motifs. The cofactors dependent properties of OcRhS1 were thus characterized in this research. Moreover, the N-terminal portion of OcRhS1 (OcRhS1-N) was observed to metabolize UDP-Glc to form intermediate UDP-4K6DG. OcUER1 contains an ORF of 906 bp encoding a polypeptide of 301 aa. OcUER1 shared high similarity with the carboxy-terminal domain of OcRhS1 (OcRhS1-C), suggesting its intrinsic ability of converting UDP-4K6DG into UDP-Rha. It was thus reasonably inferred that UDP-Glc could be bio-transformed into UDP-Rha under the collaborating action of OcRhS1-N and OcUER1. The subsequently biochemical assay verified this notion. Importantly, expression profiles of OcRhS1 and OcUER1 revealed their possible involvement in the biosynthesis of rhamnose -containing polysaccharides in O. caudatum.
27835851	0	19	Functional analyses	T062	C0936012
27835851	23	29	OcRhS1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	34	40	OcUER1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	53	67	UDP-L-rhamnose	T114,T123	C0609108
27835851	68	80	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27835851	84	105	Ornithogalum caudatum	T002	C0331605
27835851	106	120	UDP-L-rhamnose	T114,T123	C0609108
27835851	122	129	UDP-Rha	T114,T123	C0609108
27835851	147	158	sugar donor	T121	C1254351
27835851	167	176	synthesis	T169	C0005572
27835851	180	188	rhamnose	T109,T123	C0035417
27835851	201	210	compounds	T103	C1706082
27835851	214	220	plants	T002	C0331605
27835851	242	249	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27835851	260	268	encoding	T052	C2700640
27835851	269	274	genes	T028	C0017337
27835851	287	294	UDP-Rha	T114,T123	C0609108
27835851	295	307	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27835851	325	331	plants	T002	C0331605
27835851	343	348	genes	T028	C0017337
27835851	349	357	encoding	T052	C2700640
27835851	358	375	rhamnose synthase	T116,T126	C0014442
27835851	377	380	RhS	T116,T126	C0014442
27835851	386	399	bi-functional	T116,T126	C0443560
27835851	400	428	UDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose	T116,T126	C0014442
27835851	430	439	UDP-4K6DG	T116,T126	C0014442
27835851	441	477	3, 5-epimerase/UDP-4-keto-L-rhamnose	T116,T126	C0014442
27835851	479	486	UDP-4KR	T116,T126	C0014442
27835851	488	504	4-keto-reductase	T116,T126	C0014442
27835851	506	509	UER	T116,T126	C0014442
27835851	530	551	Ornithogalum caudatum	T002	C0331605
27835851	565	568	RNA	T114	C0035668
27835851	571	579	Seq data	T170	C0026382
27835851	585	596	OcRhS1 gene	T028	C0017337
27835851	604	607	ORF	T028	C0079941
27835851	609	627	open reading frame	T028	C0079941
27835851	640	648	encoding	T052	C2700640
27835851	651	676	tri-functional RhS enzyme	T026	C1750262
27835851	678	686	In vitro	T080	C1533691
27835851	687	703	enzymatic assays	T059	C2717977
27835851	704	712	revealed	T080	C0443289
27835851	713	719	OcRhS1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	739	752	UDP-D-glucose	T109,T123	C0077887
27835851	754	761	UDP-Glc	T109,T123	C0077887
27835851	768	775	UDP-Rha	T114,T123	C0609108
27835851	786	797	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27835851	798	807	reactions	T169	C0443286
27835851	809	820	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
27835851	821	830	evidences	T169	C0332120
27835851	850	868	recombinant OcRhS1	T116	C0034861
27835851	917	934	temperature range	T081	C0457171
27835851	951	953	Km	T081	C1706312
27835851	954	959	value	T081	C1522609
27835851	963	969	OcRhS1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	974	981	UDP-Glc	T109,T123	C0077887
27835851	1020	1026	OcRhS1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1032	1052	multi-domain protein	T116	C2326433
27835851	1070	1093	cofactor-binding motifs	T044	C1323251
27835851	1099	1108	cofactors	T044	C1323251
27835851	1133	1139	OcRhS1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1172	1180	research	T062	C0035168
27835851	1196	1224	N-terminal portion of OcRhS1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1226	1234	OcRhS1-N	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1252	1262	metabolize	T169	C0205245
27835851	1263	1270	UDP-Glc	T109,T123	C0077887
27835851	1292	1301	UDP-4K6DG	T114	C1254348
27835851	1303	1309	OcUER1	T028	C0017337
27835851	1322	1325	ORF	T028	C0079941
27835851	1336	1344	encoding	T052	C2700640
27835851	1347	1358	polypeptide	T116	C1305923
27835851	1366	1368	aa	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27835851	1370	1376	OcUER1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1409	1442	carboxy-terminal domain of OcRhS1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1444	1452	OcRhS1-C	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1502	1511	UDP-4K6DG	T114	C1254348
27835851	1517	1524	UDP-Rha	T114,T123	C0609108
27835851	1563	1570	UDP-Glc	T109,T123	C0077887
27835851	1580	1595	bio-transformed	T169	C0220798
27835851	1601	1608	UDP-Rha	T114,T123	C0609108
27835851	1643	1651	OcRhS1-N	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1656	1662	OcUER1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1681	1698	biochemical assay	T059	C0005507
27835851	1734	1753	expression profiles	T034	C3463810
27835851	1757	1763	OcRhS1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1768	1774	OcUER1	T116,T123	C0033684
27835851	1775	1783	revealed	T080	C0443289
27835851	1818	1830	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
27835851	1834	1842	rhamnose	T109,T123	C0035417
27835851	1855	1870	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
27835851	1874	1885	O. caudatum	T002	C0331605

27836684|t|Ketogenic diets improve behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder in a sex - specific manner in the EL mouse
27836684|a|The core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder are poorly treated with current medications. Symptoms of autism spectrum disorder are frequently comorbid with a diagnosis of epilepsy and vice versa. Medically - supervised ketogenic diets are remarkably effective nonpharmacological treatments for epilepsy, even in drug -refractory cases. There is accumulating evidence that supports the efficacy of ketogenic diets in treating the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in animal models as well as limited reports of benefits in patients. This study tests the behavioral effects of ketogenic diet feeding in the EL mouse, a model with behavioral characteristics of autism spectrum disorder and comorbid epilepsy. Male and female EL mice were fed control diet or one of two ketogenic diet formulas ad libitum starting at 5weeks of age. Beginning at 8weeks of age, diet protocols continued and performance of each group on tests of sociability and repetitive behavior was assessed. A ketogenic diet improved behavioral characteristics of autism spectrum disorder in a sex - and test - specific manner; ketogenic diet never worsened relevant behaviors. Ketogenic diet feeding improved multiple measures of sociability and reduced repetitive behavior in female mice, with limited effects in males. Additional experiments in female mice showed that a less strict, more clinically - relevant diet formula was equally effective in improving sociability and reducing repetitive behavior. Taken together these results add to the growing number of studies suggesting that ketogenic and related diets may provide significant relief from the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, and suggest that in some cases there may be increased efficacy in females.
27836684	0	15	Ketogenic diets	T033	C0259972
27836684	16	23	improve	T080	C1272747
27836684	24	33	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27836684	34	49	associated with	T080	C0332281
27836684	50	74	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
27836684	80	83	sex	T053	C0036864
27836684	86	94	specific	T080	C0205369
27836684	95	101	manner	T082	C0449445
27836684	109	117	EL mouse	T015	C0025929
27836684	127	135	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27836684	139	163	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
27836684	168	174	poorly	T080	C0205169
27836684	175	187	treated with	T061	C0332293
27836684	188	195	current	T079	C0521116
27836684	196	207	medications	T121	C0013227
27836684	209	217	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
27836684	221	245	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
27836684	277	286	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27836684	290	298	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27836684	315	324	Medically	T169	C0205476
27836684	327	337	supervised	T080	C1269765
27836684	338	353	ketogenic diets	T033	C0259972
27836684	369	378	effective	T080	C1704419
27836684	379	397	nonpharmacological	T169	C0205245
27836684	398	408	treatments	T061	C0087111
27836684	413	421	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27836684	431	435	drug	T121	C0013227
27836684	448	453	cases	T169	C0868928
27836684	477	485	evidence	T078	C3887511
27836684	504	512	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27836684	516	531	ketogenic diets	T033	C0259972
27836684	535	543	treating	T169	C1522326
27836684	553	561	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27836684	565	590	autism spectrum disorders	T048	C1510586
27836684	594	607	animal models	T008	C0599779
27836684	627	634	reports	T058	C0700287
27836684	638	646	benefits	T081	C0814225
27836684	650	658	patients	T101	C0030705
27836684	665	670	study	T062	C2603343
27836684	671	676	tests	T060	C0683443
27836684	681	691	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27836684	692	699	effects	T080	C1280500
27836684	703	717	ketogenic diet	T033	C0259972
27836684	718	725	feeding	T052	C2987508
27836684	733	741	EL mouse	T015	C0025929
27836684	745	750	model	T008	C0599779
27836684	756	766	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27836684	767	782	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27836684	786	810	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
27836684	824	832	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27836684	834	838	Male	T032	C0086582
27836684	843	849	female	T032	C0086287
27836684	850	857	EL mice	T015	C0025929
27836684	863	866	fed	T052	C2987508
27836684	867	874	control	T080	C0243148
27836684	875	879	diet	T168	C0012155
27836684	894	908	ketogenic diet	T033	C0259972
27836684	909	917	formulas	T061	C0012164
27836684	918	928	ad libitum	T080	C1879743
27836684	929	937	starting	T079	C0439659
27836684	941	947	5weeks	T079	C0439230
27836684	951	954	age	T032	C0001779
27836684	956	965	Beginning	T079	C0439659
27836684	969	975	8weeks	T079	C0439230
27836684	979	982	age	T032	C0001779
27836684	984	988	diet	T168	C0012155
27836684	989	998	protocols	T170	C0442711
27836684	1013	1024	performance	T055	C0597198
27836684	1033	1038	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27836684	1042	1047	tests	T169	C0039593
27836684	1051	1062	sociability	T054	C0558182
27836684	1067	1086	repetitive behavior	T033	C1827547
27836684	1091	1099	assessed	T052	C1516048
27836684	1103	1117	ketogenic diet	T033	C0259972
27836684	1118	1126	improved	T033	C0184511
27836684	1127	1137	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27836684	1138	1153	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27836684	1157	1181	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
27836684	1187	1190	sex	T053	C0036864
27836684	1197	1201	test	T169	C0039593
27836684	1204	1212	specific	T080	C0205369
27836684	1213	1219	manner	T082	C0449445
27836684	1221	1235	ketogenic diet	T033	C0259972
27836684	1236	1241	never	T079	C1549495
27836684	1242	1250	worsened	T033	C1457868
27836684	1251	1259	relevant	T080	C2347946
27836684	1260	1269	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27836684	1271	1285	Ketogenic diet	T033	C0259972
27836684	1286	1293	feeding	T052	C2987508
27836684	1294	1302	improved	T033	C0184511
27836684	1303	1311	multiple	T081	C0439064
27836684	1312	1320	measures	T081	C0079809
27836684	1324	1335	sociability	T054	C0558182
27836684	1340	1347	reduced	T080	C0392756
27836684	1348	1367	repetitive behavior	T033	C1827547
27836684	1371	1382	female mice	T015	C0025929
27836684	1389	1396	limited	T169	C0439801
27836684	1397	1404	effects	T080	C1280500
27836684	1408	1413	males	T015	C0025929
27836684	1426	1437	experiments	T062	C0681814
27836684	1441	1452	female mice	T015	C0025929
27836684	1467	1471	less	T081	C0439092
27836684	1472	1478	strict	T080	C0205082
27836684	1485	1495	clinically	T080	C0205210
27836684	1498	1506	relevant	T080	C2347946
27836684	1507	1519	diet formula	T061	C0012164
27836684	1532	1541	effective	T080	C1704419
27836684	1545	1554	improving	T080	C1272745
27836684	1555	1566	sociability	T054	C0558182
27836684	1571	1579	reducing	T080	C0392756
27836684	1580	1599	repetitive behavior	T033	C1827547
27836684	1622	1629	results	T169	C1274040
27836684	1649	1655	number	T081	C0237753
27836684	1659	1666	studies	T062	C2603343
27836684	1667	1677	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27836684	1683	1692	ketogenic	T033	C0259972
27836684	1697	1710	related diets	T061	C0587059
27836684	1715	1722	provide	T052	C1999230
27836684	1756	1764	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27836684	1768	1792	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
27836684	1798	1805	suggest	T078	C1705535
27836684	1814	1818	some	T081	C0205392
27836684	1819	1824	cases	T169	C0868928
27836684	1838	1847	increased	T081	C0205217
27836684	1848	1856	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27836684	1860	1867	females	T015	C0025929

27837017|t|Differing rates of antibody acquisition to merozoite antigens in malaria: implications for immunity and surveillance
27837017|a|Antibodies play a key role in acquired human immunity to Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria and target merozoites to reduce or prevent blood -stage replication and the development of disease. Merozoites present a complex array of antigens to the immune system, and currently, there is only a partial understanding of the targets of protective antibodies and how responses to different antigens are acquired and boosted. We hypothesized that there would be differences in the rate of acquisition of antibodies to different antigens and how well they are boosted by infection, which impacts the acquisition of immunity. We examined responses to a range of merozoite antigens in 2 different cohorts of children and adults with different age structures and levels of malaria exposure. Overall, antibodies were associated with age, exposure, and active infection, and the repertoire of responses increased with age and active infection. However, rates of antibody acquisition varied between antigens and different regions within an antigen following exposure to malaria, supporting our hypothesis. Antigen -specific responses could be broadly classified into early response types in which antibodies were acquired early in childhood exposure and late response types that appear to require substantially more exposure for the development of substantial levels. We identified antigen -specific responses that were effectively boosted after recent infection, whereas other responses were not. These findings advance our understanding of the acquisition of human immunity to malaria and are relevant to the development of malaria vaccines targeting merozoite antigens and the selection of antigens for use in malaria surveillance.
27837017	19	27	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27837017	28	39	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27837017	43	52	merozoite	T204	C0444659
27837017	53	61	antigens	T129	C0003320
27837017	65	72	malaria	T047	C0024530
27837017	91	99	immunity	T039	C0020964
27837017	104	116	surveillance	T058	C0733511
27837017	117	127	Antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27837017	147	170	acquired human immunity	T039	C0678209
27837017	174	208	Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria	T047	C0024535
27837017	220	230	merozoites	T204	C0444659
27837017	252	257	blood	T031	C0005767
27837017	265	276	replication	T043	C0007590
27837017	300	307	disease	T047	C0024530
27837017	309	319	Merozoites	T204	C0444659
27837017	347	355	antigens	T129	C0003320
27837017	363	376	immune system	T022	C0020962
27837017	460	470	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27837017	479	488	responses	T039	C1314973
27837017	502	510	antigens	T129	C0003320
27837017	515	523	acquired	T080	C0439661
27837017	528	535	boosted	T169	C1511253
27837017	600	611	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27837017	615	625	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27837017	639	647	antigens	T129	C0003320
27837017	681	690	infection	T046	C3714514
27837017	710	721	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27837017	725	733	immunity	T039	C0020964
27837017	747	756	responses	T039	C1314973
27837017	771	780	merozoite	T204	C0444659
27837017	781	789	antigens	T129	C0003320
27837017	816	824	children	T100	C0008059
27837017	829	835	adults	T100	C0001675
27837017	851	854	age	T032	C0001779
27837017	880	887	malaria	T047	C0024530
27837017	907	917	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27837017	939	942	age	T032	C0001779
27837017	965	974	infection	T046	C3714514
27837017	998	1007	responses	T039	C1314973
27837017	1023	1026	age	T032	C0001779
27837017	1038	1047	infection	T046	C3714514
27837017	1067	1075	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27837017	1076	1087	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27837017	1103	1111	antigens	T129	C0003320
27837017	1144	1151	antigen	T129	C0003320
27837017	1174	1181	malaria	T047	C0024530
27837017	1198	1208	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27837017	1210	1217	Antigen	T129	C0003320
27837017	1228	1237	responses	T039	C1314973
27837017	1277	1285	response	T039	C1314973
27837017	1301	1311	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27837017	1317	1325	acquired	T080	C0439661
27837017	1335	1344	childhood	T079	C0231335
27837017	1358	1371	late response	T079	C0205087
27837017	1363	1371	response	T039	C1314973
27837017	1486	1493	antigen	T129	C0003320
27837017	1504	1513	responses	T039	C1314973
27837017	1557	1566	infection	T046	C3714514
27837017	1582	1591	responses	T039	C1314973
27837017	1650	1661	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27837017	1665	1670	human	T016	C0086418
27837017	1671	1679	immunity	T039	C0020964
27837017	1683	1690	malaria	T047	C0024530
27837017	1730	1746	malaria vaccines	T121,T129	C0206255
27837017	1757	1766	merozoite	T204	C0444659
27837017	1767	1775	antigens	T129	C0003320
27837017	1797	1805	antigens	T129	C0003320
27837017	1817	1824	malaria	T047	C0024530
27837017	1825	1837	surveillance	T058	C0733511

27837093|t|Variety of DNA Replication Activity Among Cyanobacteria Correlates with Distinct Respiration Activity in the Dark
27837093|a|Cyanobacteria exhibit light -dependent cell growth since most of their cellular energy is obtained by photosynthesis. In Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, one of the model cyanobacteria, DNA replication depends on photosynthetic electron transport. However, the critical signal for the regulatory mechanism of DNA replication has not been identified. In addition, conservation of this regulatory mechanism has not been investigated among cyanobacteria. To understand this regulatory signal and its dependence on light, we examined the regulation of DNA replication under both light and dark conditions among three model cyanobacteria, S. elongatus PCC 7942, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. Interestingly, DNA replication activity in Synechocystis and Anabaena was retained when cells were transferred to the dark, although it was drastically decreased in S. elongatus. Glycogen metabolism and respiration were higher in Synechocystis and Anabaena than in S. elongatus in the dark. Moreover, DNA replication activity in Synechocystis and Anabaena was reduced to the same level as that in S. elongatus by inhibition of respiratory electron transport after transfer to the dark. These results demonstrate that there is disparity in DNA replication occurring in the dark among cyanobacteria, which is caused by the difference in activity of respiratory electron transport.
27837093	0	7	Variety	T077	C2346866
27837093	11	35	DNA Replication Activity	T045	C0598312
27837093	42	55	Cyanobacteria	T007	C1047211
27837093	56	66	Correlates	T039	C0871083
27837093	81	101	Respiration Activity	T039	C0035203
27837093	109	113	Dark	T070	C0010986
27837093	114	127	Cyanobacteria	T007	C1047211
27837093	136	141	light	T070	C0023693
27837093	153	164	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27837093	185	193	cellular	T025	C0007634
27837093	194	200	energy	T081	C1442080
27837093	216	230	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
27837093	235	267	Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942	T007	C1003877
27837093	286	299	cyanobacteria	T007	C1047211
27837093	301	316	DNA replication	T045	C0598312
27837093	328	361	photosynthetic electron transport	T044	C0013846
27837093	376	391	critical signal	T067	C1710082
27837093	400	410	regulatory	T038	C1327622
27837093	411	420	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27837093	424	439	DNA replication	T045	C0598312
27837093	478	490	conservation	T080	C2347858
27837093	499	519	regulatory mechanism	T169	C0441712
27837093	533	545	investigated	T169	C1292732
27837093	552	565	cyanobacteria	T007	C1047211
27837093	586	596	regulatory	T038	C1327622
27837093	597	603	signal	T067	C1710082
27837093	626	631	light	T070	C0023693
27837093	649	659	regulation	T038	C1327622
27837093	663	678	DNA replication	T045	C0598312
27837093	690	695	light	T070	C0023693
27837093	700	704	dark	T070	C0010986
27837093	728	733	model	T075	C0026336
27837093	734	747	cyanobacteria	T007	C1047211
27837093	749	770	S. elongatus PCC 7942	T007	C1003877
27837093	772	798	Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803	T007	C0995541
27837093	803	824	Anabaena sp. PCC 7120	T007	C1047885
27837093	841	865	DNA replication activity	T045	C0598312
27837093	869	882	Synechocystis	T007	C0995541
27837093	887	895	Anabaena	T007	C1047885
27837093	900	908	retained	T169	C0333118
27837093	914	919	cells	T025	C0007634
27837093	925	939	transferred to	T033	C4049693
27837093	944	948	dark	T070	C0010986
27837093	978	987	decreased	T081	C0205216
27837093	991	1003	S. elongatus	T007	C1003877
27837093	1005	1024	Glycogen metabolism	T044	C0599784
27837093	1029	1040	respiration	T039	C0035203
27837093	1056	1069	Synechocystis	T007	C0995541
27837093	1074	1082	Anabaena	T007	C1047885
27837093	1091	1103	S. elongatus	T007	C1003877
27837093	1111	1115	dark	T070	C0010986
27837093	1127	1151	DNA replication activity	T045	C0598312
27837093	1155	1168	Synechocystis	T007	C0995541
27837093	1173	1181	Anabaena	T007	C1047885
27837093	1186	1193	reduced	T081	C0205216
27837093	1223	1235	S. elongatus	T007	C1003877
27837093	1239	1249	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27837093	1253	1264	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27837093	1265	1283	electron transport	T044	C0013846
27837093	1306	1310	dark	T070	C0010986
27837093	1352	1361	disparity	T033	C1290905
27837093	1365	1380	DNA replication	T045	C0598312
27837093	1398	1402	dark	T070	C0010986
27837093	1409	1422	cyanobacteria	T007	C1047211
27837093	1447	1457	difference	T080	C1705242
27837093	1461	1469	activity	T169	C0205177
27837093	1473	1484	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27837093	1485	1503	electron transport	T044	C0013846

27837176|t|Chondrocyte proliferation, viability and differentiation is declined following administration of methylphenidate utilized for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
27837176|a|Methylphenidate (MPH) derivative drugs are used because of psychostimulants effects on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults. As far as we know, toxic or anti-proliferative effects of MPH against cartilage tissue were not studied in the literature. The present study was carried out to investigate the possible effects of MPH on the proliferation, viability and differentiation of primary human chondrocytes, in vitro. Monolayer primary chondrocyte cultures were prepared using osteochondral tissue obtained from patients who underwent a total knee prosthesis operation. Stock solution of MPH was prepared and aliquots having 1-1000 µM concentrations of the drug was composed. These solutions were applied to the wells containing cultured chondrocyte samples within the well plates. Control groups were composed of pure chondrocyte culture and no solution was added into them. All groups were evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 h in order to determine the possible negative effects of the drug on the chondrocytes. The data were evaluated by Tukey's honestly significantly different test following analysis of variance. In the group where MPH was applied, it was found that viability, proliferation and stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 protein expression were decreased in comparison to the control group. It was emphasized that clinicians should not disregard the fact that this drug might suppress chondrocyte cell proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation.
27837176	0	25	Chondrocyte proliferation	T043	C3271470
27837176	27	36	viability	T043	C0007620
27837176	41	56	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27837176	60	68	declined	T081	C0205216
27837176	79	93	administration	T061	C1533734
27837176	97	112	methylphenidate	T109,T121	C0025810
27837176	130	139	treatment	T061	C0087111
27837176	143	183	attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
27837176	184	216	Methylphenidate (MPH) derivative	T109	C1320172
27837176	217	222	drugs	T121	C1254351
27837176	243	259	psychostimulants	T121	C0304403
27837176	260	267	effects	T080	C1280500
27837176	271	311	attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
27837176	315	323	children	T100	C0008059
27837176	328	334	adults	T100	C0001675
27837176	355	360	toxic	T080	C1407029
27837176	364	390	anti-proliferative effects	T033	C0243095
27837176	394	397	MPH	T109,T121	C0025810
27837176	406	422	cartilage tissue	T024	C0007301
27837176	447	457	literature	T170	C0023866
27837176	471	476	study	T062	C2603343
27837176	496	507	investigate	T169	C1292732
27837176	512	520	possible	T033	C0332149
27837176	521	528	effects	T080	C1280500
27837176	532	535	MPH	T109,T121	C0025810
27837176	543	556	proliferation	T043	C3271470
27837176	558	567	viability	T043	C0007620
27837176	572	587	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27837176	591	598	primary	T080	C0205225
27837176	599	604	human	T016	C0086418
27837176	605	617	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27837176	619	627	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27837176	639	646	primary	T080	C0205225
27837176	647	658	chondrocyte	T025	C0225369
27837176	659	667	cultures	T059	C1331092
27837176	673	681	prepared	T033	C4082130
27837176	688	701	osteochondral	T029	C2937247
27837176	702	708	tissue	T024	C0040300
27837176	709	717	obtained	T169	C1301820
27837176	723	731	patients	T101	C0030705
27837176	748	779	total knee prosthesis operation	T061	C0086511
27837176	781	795	Stock solution	T122	C0525069
27837176	799	802	MPH	T109,T121	C0025810
27837176	807	815	prepared	T033	C4082130
27837176	820	828	aliquots	T081	C1510844
27837176	846	872	concentrations of the drug	T081	C0678756
27837176	893	902	solutions	T122	C0525069
27837176	908	915	applied	T169	C4048755
27837176	923	928	wells	T082	C4283957
27837176	929	939	containing	T169	C0332256
27837176	940	960	cultured chondrocyte	T025	C0225369
27837176	961	968	samples	T077	C2347026
27837176	980	991	well plates	T074	C0180454
27837176	993	1007	Control groups	T096	C0009932
27837176	1030	1041	chondrocyte	T025	C0225369
27837176	1042	1049	culture	T059	C1331092
27837176	1054	1065	no solution	T033	C0243095
27837176	1070	1075	added	T169	C1524062
27837176	1091	1097	groups	T096	C0681850
27837176	1144	1153	determine	T080	C0521095
27837176	1158	1166	possible	T033	C0332149
27837176	1167	1175	negative	T033	C0205160
27837176	1176	1183	effects	T080	C1280500
27837176	1191	1195	drug	T121	C1254351
27837176	1203	1215	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27837176	1221	1225	data	T078	C1511726
27837176	1244	1289	Tukey's honestly significantly different test	T081	C0392762
27837176	1300	1320	analysis of variance	T081	C0002780
27837176	1329	1334	group	T096	C0681850
27837176	1341	1344	MPH	T109,T121	C0025810
27837176	1349	1356	applied	T169	C4048755
27837176	1376	1385	viability	T043	C0007620
27837176	1387	1400	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27837176	1405	1439	stage-specific embryonic antigen-1	T109,T129	C0080188
27837176	1440	1458	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27837176	1464	1473	decreased	T081	C0205216
27837176	1477	1487	comparison	T052	C1707455
27837176	1495	1508	control group	T096	C0009932
27837176	1533	1543	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27837176	1584	1588	drug	T121	C1254351
27837176	1595	1603	suppress	T169	C1260953
27837176	1604	1634	chondrocyte cell proliferation	T043	C3271470
27837176	1639	1667	chondrogenic differentiation	T043	C0007589

27837821|t|Electronic tongues to assess wine sensory descriptors
27837821|a|This work reports the application of an electronic tongue as a tool towards the analysis of wine in tasks such as its discrimination based on the maturing in barrels or the prediction of the global scores assigned by a sensory panel. To this aim, red wine samples were first analysed with the voltammetric sensor array, without performing any sample pretreatment. Afterwards, obtained responses were preprocessed employing fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the compression and reduction of signal complexity, and obtained coefficients were then used as inputs to build the qualitative and quantitative models employing either linear discriminant analysis (LDA) or partial least squares regression (PLS), respectively. Satisfactory results were obtained overall, with a classification rate of 100% in the discrimination of the type of barrel used during wine maturing, a normalized NRMSE of 0.077 in the estimation of ageing time (months) or 0.11 in the prediction of the scores (0-10) from a trained sensory panel (all for the external test subset).
27837821	0	18	Electronic tongues	T073	C4279906
27837821	29	33	wine	T168	C0043188
27837821	34	41	sensory	T080	C0445254
27837821	42	53	descriptors	T170	C0282354
27837821	59	63	work	T057	C0043227
27837821	64	71	reports	T170	C0684224
27837821	76	87	application	T169	C4048755
27837821	94	111	electronic tongue	T073	C4279906
27837821	117	121	tool	T073	C0336791
27837821	134	142	analysis	T062	C0936012
27837821	146	150	wine	T168	C0043188
27837821	172	186	discrimination	T078	C0242568
27837821	200	208	maturing	T079	C0205286
27837821	212	219	barrels	T073	C3273359
27837821	227	237	prediction	T078	C0681842
27837821	245	251	global	T080	C2348867
27837821	252	258	scores	T081	C0449820
27837821	273	286	sensory panel	T097	C0027363
27837821	301	309	red wine	T168	C0349371
27837821	310	317	samples	T167	C0370003
27837821	329	337	analysed	T062	C0936012
27837821	347	372	voltammetric sensor array	T073	C0183210
27837821	397	403	sample	T167	C0370003
27837821	404	416	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27837821	439	448	responses	T169	C0443286
27837821	454	466	preprocessed	T067	C1522240
27837821	477	499	fast Fourier transform	T170	C0002045
27837821	501	504	FFT	T170	C0002045
27837821	514	525	compression	T070	C0728907
27837821	530	539	reduction	T080	C0392756
27837821	543	549	signal	T067	C1710082
27837821	550	560	complexity	T080	C0439855
27837821	575	587	coefficients	T081	C1707429
27837821	606	612	inputs	T077	C1708517
27837821	626	637	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27837821	642	654	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27837821	655	661	models	T075	C0026336
27837821	679	707	linear discriminant analysis	T062	C0012630
27837821	709	712	LDA	T062	C0012630
27837821	717	749	partial least squares regression	T170	C0034980
27837821	751	754	PLS	T170	C0034980
27837821	784	791	results	T033	C0683954
27837821	822	836	classification	T185	C0008902
27837821	837	841	rate	T081	C1521828
27837821	857	871	discrimination	T078	C0242568
27837821	887	893	barrel	T073	C3273359
27837821	906	910	wine	T168	C0043188
27837821	911	919	maturing	T079	C0205286
27837821	923	939	normalized NRMSE	T081	C0079809
27837821	970	976	ageing	T040	C0001811
27837821	977	981	time	T079	C0040223
27837821	983	989	months	T079	C0439231
27837821	1006	1016	prediction	T078	C0681842
27837821	1024	1030	scores	T081	C0449820
27837821	1045	1066	trained sensory panel	T097	C0027363
27837821	1089	1093	test	T169	C0039593
27837821	1094	1100	subset	T185	C1515021

27837915|t|Toward optimizing dental implant performance: Surface characterization of Ti and TiZr implant materials
27837915|a|Targeting understanding enhanced osseointegration kinetics, the goal of this study was to characterize the surface morphology and composition of Ti and TiZr dental implant substrates subjected to one of two surface treatments developed by Straumann. These two treatments are typically known as SLA and SLActive, with the latter resulting in more rapid osseointegration. A range of techniques was applied to characterize four different substrate / surface treatment combinations (TiSLA, TiSLActive, TiZrSLA, and TiZrSLActive). Contact angle measurements establish establish their hydrophilic / hydrophobic nature. Surface morphology was probed with scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction, Raman μ-spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to elucidate the composition of the near- surface region. Consistent with previous work, surface morphology was found to differ only at the nanoscale, with both SLActive substrates displaying nano - protrusions. Spectroscopic data indicate that all substrates exhibit surface films of titanium oxide displaying near TiO2 stoichiometry. Raman μ-spectroscopy reveals that amorphous TiO2 is most likely the only phase present on TiSLA, whilst rutile - TiO2 is also evidenced on TiSLActive, TiZrSLA, and TiZrSLActive. For TiZr alloy substrates, there is no evidence of discrete phases of oxidized Zr. X-ray photoelectron spectra demonstrate that all samples are terminated by adventitious carbon, with it being somewhat thicker (∼1nm) on TiSLA and TiZrSLA. Given previous in vivo studies, acquired data suggest that both nanoscale protrusions, and a thinner layer of adventitious carbon contribute to the more rapid osseointegration of SLActive dental implants. Composition of the surface oxide layer is apparently less important in determining osseointegration kinetics.
27837915	7	17	optimizing	T052	C2698650
27837915	18	32	dental implant	T074	C0392413
27837915	46	53	Surface	T082	C0205148
27837915	54	70	characterization	T052	C1880022
27837915	74	76	Ti	T196	C0040302
27837915	81	85	TiZr	T197	C4041873
27837915	86	103	implant materials	T122	C0440216
27837915	104	113	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27837915	128	136	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27837915	137	153	osseointegration	T042	C0079949
27837915	154	162	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27837915	168	172	goal	T170	C0018017
27837915	181	186	study	T062	C2603343
27837915	194	206	characterize	T052	C1880022
27837915	211	218	surface	T082	C0205148
27837915	219	229	morphology	T080	C0332437
27837915	234	245	composition	T201	C0486616
27837915	249	251	Ti	T196	C0040302
27837915	256	260	TiZr	T197	C4041873
27837915	261	275	dental implant	T074	C0392413
27837915	276	286	substrates	T167	C3891814
27837915	311	318	surface	T082	C0205148
27837915	319	329	treatments	T169	C1522326
27837915	364	374	treatments	T169	C1522326
27837915	398	401	SLA	T074	C0392413
27837915	406	414	SLActive	T074	C0392413
27837915	450	455	rapid	T080	C0456962
27837915	456	472	osseointegration	T042	C0079949
27837915	485	495	techniques	T169	C0449851
27837915	500	507	applied	T169	C4048755
27837915	511	523	characterize	T052	C1880022
27837915	529	538	different	T080	C1705242
27837915	539	548	substrate	T082	C0205148
27837915	551	558	surface	T082	C0205148
27837915	559	568	treatment	T169	C1522326
27837915	569	581	combinations	T080	C0205195
27837915	583	588	TiSLA	T074	C0392413
27837915	590	600	TiSLActive	T074	C0392413
27837915	602	609	TiZrSLA	T074	C0392413
27837915	615	627	TiZrSLActive	T074	C0392413
27837915	630	637	Contact	T169	C0332158
27837915	638	643	angle	T082	C0205143
27837915	644	656	measurements	T169	C0242485
27837915	683	694	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
27837915	697	708	hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
27837915	717	724	Surface	T082	C0205148
27837915	725	735	morphology	T080	C0332437
27837915	752	780	scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27837915	782	799	X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
27837915	801	821	Raman μ-spectroscopy	T059	C0037815
27837915	827	859	X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy	T059	C2700282
27837915	887	898	composition	T201	C0486616
27837915	912	919	surface	T082	C0205148
27837915	928	943	Consistent with	T078	C0332290
27837915	944	952	previous	T079	C0205156
27837915	959	966	surface	T082	C0205148
27837915	967	977	morphology	T080	C0332437
27837915	991	997	differ	T080	C1705242
27837915	1010	1019	nanoscale	T081	C1553036
27837915	1031	1039	SLActive	T074	C0392413
27837915	1040	1050	substrates	T167	C3891814
27837915	1051	1061	displaying	T169	C0870432
27837915	1062	1066	nano	T081	C1553036
27837915	1069	1080	protrusions	T190	C0333056
27837915	1082	1095	Spectroscopic	T059	C0037812
27837915	1096	1100	data	T078	C1511726
27837915	1119	1129	substrates	T167	C3891814
27837915	1138	1145	surface	T082	C0205148
27837915	1146	1151	films	T080	C1522408
27837915	1155	1169	titanium oxide	T121,T197	C0145999
27837915	1186	1190	TiO2	T121,T197	C0145999
27837915	1191	1204	stoichiometry	T081	C0597526
27837915	1206	1226	Raman μ-spectroscopy	T059	C0037815
27837915	1227	1234	reveals	T080	C0443289
27837915	1240	1249	amorphous	T080	C1979848
27837915	1250	1254	TiO2	T121,T197	C0145999
27837915	1279	1284	phase	T079	C0205390
27837915	1285	1292	present	T033	C0150312
27837915	1296	1301	TiSLA	T074	C0392413
27837915	1310	1316	rutile	T121,T197	C0141060
27837915	1319	1323	TiO2	T121,T197	C0145999
27837915	1332	1341	evidenced	T078	C3887511
27837915	1345	1355	TiSLActive	T074	C0392413
27837915	1357	1364	TiZrSLA	T074	C0392413
27837915	1370	1382	TiZrSLActive	T074	C0392413
27837915	1388	1392	TiZr	T197	C4041873
27837915	1393	1398	alloy	T122,T197	C0002154
27837915	1399	1409	substrates	T167	C3891814
27837915	1423	1431	evidence	T078	C3887511
27837915	1435	1443	discrete	T080	C0443299
27837915	1444	1450	phases	T079	C0205390
27837915	1454	1462	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27837915	1463	1465	Zr	T196	C0043506
27837915	1467	1494	X-ray photoelectron spectra	T059	C2700282
27837915	1516	1523	samples	T167	C0370003
27837915	1528	1538	terminated	T078	C1692758
27837915	1542	1554	adventitious	T080	C1517294
27837915	1555	1561	carbon	T196	C0007009
27837915	1586	1593	thicker	T080	C1280412
27837915	1604	1609	TiSLA	T074	C0392413
27837915	1614	1621	TiZrSLA	T074	C0392413
27837915	1629	1637	previous	T079	C0205156
27837915	1638	1653	in vivo studies	T062	C0681829
27837915	1655	1663	acquired	T080	C0439661
27837915	1664	1668	data	T078	C1511726
27837915	1687	1696	nanoscale	T081	C1553036
27837915	1697	1708	protrusions	T190	C0333056
27837915	1716	1723	thinner	T080	C0205168
27837915	1724	1729	layer	T080	C1522408
27837915	1733	1745	adventitious	T080	C1517294
27837915	1746	1752	carbon	T196	C0007009
27837915	1753	1763	contribute	T052	C1880177
27837915	1776	1781	rapid	T080	C0456962
27837915	1782	1798	osseointegration	T042	C0079949
27837915	1802	1810	SLActive	T074	C0392413
27837915	1811	1826	dental implants	T074	C0392413
27837915	1828	1839	Composition	T201	C0486616
27837915	1847	1854	surface	T082	C0205148
27837915	1855	1860	oxide	T197	C0030015
27837915	1861	1866	layer	T080	C1522408
27837915	1881	1885	less	T080	C0547044
27837915	1886	1895	important	T080	C3898777
27837915	1911	1927	osseointegration	T042	C0079949
27837915	1928	1936	kinetics	T070	C0022702

27837917|t|Cocaine Use Reverses Striatal Plasticity Produced During Cocaine Seeking
27837917|a|Relapse is a two - component process consisting of a highly motivated drug-seeking phase that, if successful, is followed by a drug-using phase resulting in temporary satiation. In rodents, cue-induced drug seeking requires transient synaptic potentiation (t-SP) of cortical glutamatergic synapses on nucleus accumbens core medium spiny neurons, but it is unknown how achieving drug use affects this plasticity. We modeled the two phases of relapse after extinction from cocaine self-administration to assess how cocaine use affects t-SP associated with cue-induced drug seeking. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (n = 96) or were used as yoked - saline control animals (n = 21). After extinction, reinstatement was initiated by 10 minutes of cue-induced drug seeking, followed by 45 minutes with contingent cocaine access, after which cocaine was discontinued and unreinforced lever pressing ensued. Three measures of t-SP were assayed during reinstatement: dendritic spine morphology, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) ratios, and matrix metalloproteinase activity. We found that cocaine use for 10 minutes collapsed all three measures of cue-potentiated t-SP back to baseline. Moreover, when cocaine use was discontinued 45 minutes later, dendritic spine morphology and AMPA to NMDA ratios were restored as animals became motivated to engage unrewarded lever pressing. Nonreinforced drug seeking was positively correlated with changes in spine morphology, and cocaine access reversed this relationship. Using a novel modification of the reinstatement paradigm, we show that achieving cocaine use reversed the synaptic plasticity underpinning the motivation to seek the drug.
27837917	0	7	Cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	8	11	Use	T169	C1524063
27837917	12	20	Reverses	T169	C1555029
27837917	21	40	Striatal Plasticity	T042	C0027880
27837917	41	49	Produced	T169	C0678227
27837917	50	56	During	T079	C0347984
27837917	57	64	Cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	73	80	Relapse	T067	C0035020
27837917	86	89	two	T081	C0205448
27837917	92	101	component	T077	C1705248
27837917	102	109	process	T067	C1522240
27837917	126	132	highly	T080	C0205250
27837917	133	142	motivated	T041	C0026605
27837917	156	161	phase	T079	C0205390
27837917	186	197	followed by	T079	C0332283
27837917	200	210	drug-using	T048	C0242510
27837917	211	216	phase	T079	C0205390
27837917	217	229	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27837917	230	239	temporary	T079	C0205374
27837917	240	249	satiation	T041	C0036239
27837917	254	261	rodents	T015	C0035804
27837917	288	296	requires	T169	C1514873
27837917	297	328	transient synaptic potentiation	T042	C0206249
27837917	330	334	t-SP	T042	C0206249
27837917	339	370	cortical glutamatergic synapses	T030	C0039062
27837917	374	391	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
27837917	392	396	core	T082	C0444669
27837917	397	417	medium spiny neurons	T025	C0682698
27837917	429	436	unknown	T080	C0439673
27837917	451	459	drug use	T048	C0242510
27837917	460	467	affects	T041	C0001721
27837917	473	483	plasticity	T042	C0027880
27837917	488	495	modeled	T077	C3714583
27837917	504	510	phases	T079	C0205390
27837917	514	521	relapse	T067	C0035020
27837917	528	538	extinction	T041	C0015347
27837917	544	551	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	552	571	self-administration	T061	C0036589
27837917	575	581	assess	T052	C1516048
27837917	586	593	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	598	605	affects	T041	C0001721
27837917	606	610	t-SP	T042	C0206249
27837917	611	626	associated with	T080	C0332281
27837917	653	657	Rats	T015	C0034721
27837917	674	689	self-administer	T061	C0036589
27837917	690	697	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	723	728	yoked	T073	C1710702
27837917	731	737	saline	T167	C0036082
27837917	738	753	control animals	T008	C1511501
27837917	770	780	extinction	T041	C0015347
27837917	782	795	reinstatement	T079	C0678335
27837917	800	809	initiated	T169	C1704686
27837917	816	823	minutes	T079	C0439232
27837917	853	864	followed by	T079	C0332283
27837917	868	875	minutes	T079	C0439232
27837917	881	891	contingent	T080	C1701901
27837917	892	899	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	900	906	access	T169	C1554204
27837917	920	927	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	932	944	discontinued	T033	C1444662
27837917	949	983	unreinforced lever pressing ensued	T033	C0243095
27837917	985	990	Three	T081	C0205449
27837917	991	999	measures	T081	C0079809
27837917	1003	1007	t-SP	T042	C0206249
27837917	1013	1020	assayed	T059	C1510438
27837917	1021	1027	during	T079	C0347984
27837917	1028	1041	reinstatement	T079	C0678335
27837917	1043	1058	dendritic spine	T026	C0872341
27837917	1059	1069	morphology	T080	C0332437
27837917	1071	1128	alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0051318
27837917	1130	1134	AMPA	T109,T121,T130	C0051318
27837917	1139	1159	N-methyl-D-aspartate	T116,T121,T123	C0079883
27837917	1161	1165	NMDA	T116,T121,T123	C0079883
27837917	1167	1173	ratios	T081	C0456603
27837917	1179	1203	matrix metalloproteinase	T116,T126	C0025543
27837917	1204	1212	activity	T044	C0243102
27837917	1217	1222	found	T033	C0243095
27837917	1228	1235	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	1247	1254	minutes	T079	C0439232
27837917	1255	1264	collapsed	T169	C0392748
27837917	1269	1274	three	T081	C0205449
27837917	1275	1283	measures	T081	C0079809
27837917	1303	1307	t-SP	T042	C0206249
27837917	1316	1324	baseline	T081	C1442488
27837917	1341	1348	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	1357	1369	discontinued	T033	C1444662
27837917	1373	1380	minutes	T079	C0439232
27837917	1388	1403	dendritic spine	T026	C0872341
27837917	1404	1414	morphology	T080	C0332437
27837917	1419	1423	AMPA	T109,T121,T130	C0051318
27837917	1427	1431	NMDA	T116,T121,T123	C0079883
27837917	1432	1438	ratios	T081	C0456603
27837917	1456	1463	animals	T008	C0003062
27837917	1471	1480	motivated	T041	C0026605
27837917	1502	1516	lever pressing	T033	C0243095
27837917	1549	1559	positively	T033	C1446409
27837917	1560	1570	correlated	T080	C1707520
27837917	1576	1583	changes	T169	C0392747
27837917	1587	1592	spine	T026	C2752558
27837917	1593	1603	morphology	T080	C0332437
27837917	1609	1616	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	1617	1623	access	T169	C1554204
27837917	1624	1632	reversed	T169	C1555029
27837917	1638	1650	relationship	T080	C0439849
27837917	1660	1665	novel	T080	C0205314
27837917	1666	1678	modification	T169	C0392747
27837917	1686	1699	reinstatement	T079	C0678335
27837917	1700	1708	paradigm	T062	C0681797
27837917	1733	1740	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27837917	1745	1753	reversed	T169	C1555029
27837917	1758	1777	synaptic plasticity	T042	C1254358
27837917	1795	1805	motivation	T041	C0026605
27837917	1818	1822	drug	T121	C1254351

27838149|t|Radiosensitization of non-small-cell lung cancer cells and xenografts by the interactive effects of pemetrexed and methoxyamine
27838149|a|The anti-folate pemetrexed is a radiosensitizer. In pre-clinical models, pemetrexed is more effective along with the base-excision-repair inhibitor methoxyamine. We tested whether methoxyamine enhances pemetrexed -mediated radiosensitization of lung adenocarcinoma cells and xenografts. A549 and H1299 cells were evaluated for cell cycle distribution by flow cytometry, radiosensitization by clonogenic assay, and DNA repair by neutral comet assay and repair protein activation. H460 cells were included in some studies. Xenografts in nude mice received drug (s) and/or radiation, and tumor growth was monitored by caliper and in vivo toxicity by animal weight. Exposure to pemetrexed / methoxyamine for 24 (H1299, H460) or 48 (A549)hours before irradiation resulted in accumulation of cells near the radiosensitive G1/S border; dose - enhancement factors of 1.62±0.19, 1.97±0.25, and 1.67±0.30, respectively; reduction of mean inactivation dose by 32%, 30%, and 46%, respectively; and significant reductions of SF2 and SF4 (p<0.05). Radiosensitization was associated with rapid DNA double-strand-break rejoining and increased levels of DNA-PKcs. Both tumor-growth rate and tumor-growth delay were significantly improved by adding methoxyamine to pemetrexed pre-irradiation (p<0.0001); no mice lost weight during treatment. Addition of methoxyamine to pemetrexed and fractionated radiotherapy may improve outcome for patients with locally advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer.
27838149	0	18	Radiosensitization	T061	C0279024
27838149	22	48	non-small-cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27838149	49	54	cells	T025	C0334227
27838149	59	69	xenografts	T061	C0520484
27838149	77	96	interactive effects	T169	C1704675
27838149	100	110	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27838149	115	127	methoxyamine	T109,T121	C0066156
27838149	132	143	anti-folate	T121	C1254351
27838149	144	154	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27838149	160	175	radiosensitizer	T121	C0034541
27838149	180	199	pre-clinical models	T170	C1514292
27838149	201	211	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27838149	220	229	effective	T080	C1704419
27838149	245	265	base-excision-repair	T045	C1158530
27838149	266	275	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27838149	276	288	methoxyamine	T109,T121	C0066156
27838149	293	299	tested	T169	C0039593
27838149	308	320	methoxyamine	T109,T121	C0066156
27838149	321	329	enhances	T052	C2349975
27838149	330	340	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27838149	351	369	radiosensitization	T061	C0279024
27838149	373	392	lung adenocarcinoma	T191	C0152013
27838149	403	413	xenografts	T061	C0520484
27838149	415	419	A549	T025	C4277577
27838149	424	435	H1299 cells	T025	C0334227
27838149	455	465	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
27838149	466	478	distribution	T169	C1704711
27838149	482	496	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27838149	498	516	radiosensitization	T061	C0279024
27838149	520	536	clonogenic assay	T059	C0041372
27838149	542	552	DNA repair	T045	C0012899
27838149	556	575	neutral comet assay	T063	C0751980
27838149	580	594	repair protein	T044	C1159338
27838149	595	605	activation	T045	C0599177
27838149	607	617	H460 cells	T025	C0334227
27838149	649	659	Xenografts	T061	C0520484
27838149	663	672	nude mice	T015	C0025932
27838149	673	686	received drug	T033	C0332154
27838149	698	707	radiation	T070	C0851346
27838149	713	725	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27838149	743	750	caliper	T074	C0175720
27838149	755	762	in vivo	T062	C0681829
27838149	763	771	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27838149	775	788	animal weight	T032	C0005910
27838149	790	801	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
27838149	802	812	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27838149	815	827	methoxyamine	T109,T121	C0066156
27838149	836	841	H1299	T025	C0334227
27838149	843	847	H460	T025	C0334227
27838149	856	860	A549	T025	C4277577
27838149	874	885	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27838149	898	910	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27838149	914	919	cells	T025	C0334227
27838149	929	955	radiosensitive G1/S border	T082	C1254362
27838149	957	961	dose	T081	C0178602
27838149	964	975	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27838149	976	983	factors	T169	C1521761
27838149	1056	1068	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27838149	1069	1073	dose	T081	C0178602
27838149	1162	1180	Radiosensitization	T061	C0279024
27838149	1207	1240	DNA double-strand-break rejoining	T045	C3155842
27838149	1265	1273	DNA-PKcs	T116,T126	C0212694
27838149	1280	1292	tumor-growth	T191	C0598934
27838149	1293	1297	rate	T079	C0449249
27838149	1302	1314	tumor-growth	T191	C0598934
27838149	1315	1320	delay	T079	C0205421
27838149	1359	1371	methoxyamine	T109,T121	C0066156
27838149	1375	1385	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27838149	1386	1401	pre-irradiation	T070	C1282930
27838149	1417	1421	mice	T015	C0025932
27838149	1441	1450	treatment	T169	C1522326
27838149	1464	1476	methoxyamine	T109,T121	C0066156
27838149	1480	1490	pemetrexed	T109,T121	C0210657
27838149	1545	1553	patients	T101	C0030705
27838149	1576	1615	non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer	T191	C2585890

27838407|t|Pentraxin 3 in neonates with and without diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension
27838407|a|Pentraxin 3 is a novel biomarker produced by vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. In recent studies involving adults, pentraxin 3 has been introduced as a reliable biomarker in the evaluation of cardiovascular disease and pulmonary hypertension. This study was conducted with an aim to measure the level of pentraxin 3 in neonates with pulmonary hypertension and comparing with normal healthy controls. In a case-control study, plasma pentraxin 3 levels were evaluated in 3 groups of neonates including neonates with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), neonates with congenital heart disease without pulmonary arterial hypertension (CHD-PAH) and normal healthy neonates. Plasma pentraxin 3 levels in 72 neonates (21 in PAH, 19 in CHD-PAH, and 32 in control group) were measured. Demographic characteristics had no significant statistical difference among the 3 groups. Pentraxin 3 levels in PAH group was significantly higher than CHD-PAH and control groups (2.12±2.32 vs. 0.58±0.57 and 1.03±1.38ng/mL, P=0.008, respectively). No significant correlation was found between concentrations of pentraxin 3 and cardiac ejection fractions between PAH and CHD-PAH (r=0.009, P=0.97). However, significant positive correlation was detected between PTX3 concentrations and pulmonary pressures between these two groups (r=0.499, P=0.001). Results from our study showed that pentraxin 3 levels were increased in newborn infants with pulmonary hypertension. Plasma pentraxin 3 could be considered as a novel adjunct diagnostic tool in the evaluation of pulmonary hypertension in combination with echocardiography or as a diagnostic tool when echocardiography is not readily available for confirmation of increased pulmonary pressure.
27838407	0	11	Pentraxin 3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	15	23	neonates	T100	C0021289
27838407	41	50	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27838407	54	76	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27838407	77	88	Pentraxin 3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	100	109	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27838407	122	148	vascular endothelial cells	T025	C1257792
27838407	153	164	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27838407	176	183	studies	T062	C2603343
27838407	194	200	adults	T100	C0001675
27838407	202	213	pentraxin 3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	248	257	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27838407	265	275	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27838407	279	301	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27838407	306	328	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27838407	335	340	study	T062	C2603343
27838407	370	377	measure	T081	C0079809
27838407	382	387	level	T080	C0441889
27838407	391	402	pentraxin 3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	406	414	neonates	T100	C0021289
27838407	420	442	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27838407	447	456	comparing	T052	C1707455
27838407	469	476	healthy	T080	C3898900
27838407	477	485	controls	T096	C0009932
27838407	492	510	case-control study	T062	C0007328
27838407	512	518	plasma	T031	C0032105
27838407	519	530	pentraxin 3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	531	537	levels	T080	C0441889
27838407	543	552	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27838407	558	564	groups	T098	C1257890
27838407	568	576	neonates	T100	C0021289
27838407	587	595	neonates	T100	C0021289
27838407	601	632	pulmonary arterial hypertension	T047	C2973725
27838407	634	637	PAH	T047	C2973725
27838407	640	648	neonates	T100	C0021289
27838407	654	678	congenital heart disease	T019	C0152021
27838407	679	686	without	T080	C0332288
27838407	687	718	pulmonary arterial hypertension	T047	C2973725
27838407	720	727	CHD-PAH	T019	C0152021
27838407	740	747	healthy	T080	C3898900
27838407	748	756	neonates	T100	C0021289
27838407	758	764	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27838407	765	776	pentraxin 3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	777	783	levels	T080	C0441889
27838407	790	798	neonates	T100	C0021289
27838407	806	809	PAH	T047	C2973725
27838407	817	824	CHD-PAH	T019	C0152021
27838407	836	849	control group	T096	C0009932
27838407	856	864	measured	T080	C0444706
27838407	866	893	Demographic characteristics	T078	C0011292
27838407	898	900	no	T033	C1513916
27838407	901	924	significant statistical	T081	C0237881
27838407	948	954	groups	T098	C1257890
27838407	956	967	Pentraxin 3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	968	974	levels	T080	C0441889
27838407	978	981	PAH	T047	C2973725
27838407	982	987	group	T098	C1257890
27838407	1006	1012	higher	T080	C0205250
27838407	1018	1025	CHD-PAH	T019	C0152021
27838407	1030	1044	control groups	T096	C0009932
27838407	1114	1116	No	T033	C1513916
27838407	1117	1140	significant correlation	T080	C1707520
27838407	1159	1173	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27838407	1177	1188	pentraxin 3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	1193	1219	cardiac ejection fractions	T042	C0232174
27838407	1228	1231	PAH	T047	C2973725
27838407	1236	1243	CHD-PAH	T019	C0152021
27838407	1284	1292	positive	T033	C1446409
27838407	1293	1304	correlation	T080	C1707520
27838407	1309	1317	detected	T033	C0442726
27838407	1326	1330	PTX3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	1331	1345	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27838407	1350	1369	pulmonary pressures	T060	C1168098
27838407	1388	1394	groups	T098	C1257890
27838407	1415	1422	Results	T169	C1274040
27838407	1432	1437	study	T062	C2603343
27838407	1450	1461	pentraxin 3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	1462	1468	levels	T080	C0441889
27838407	1474	1483	increased	T081	C0205217
27838407	1487	1502	newborn infants	T100	C0021289
27838407	1508	1530	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27838407	1532	1538	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27838407	1539	1550	pentraxin 3	T116,T123	C0174234
27838407	1582	1605	adjunct diagnostic tool	T073	C0336791
27838407	1613	1623	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27838407	1627	1649	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27838407	1670	1686	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
27838407	1695	1710	diagnostic tool	T073	C0336791
27838407	1716	1732	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
27838407	1778	1806	increased pulmonary pressure	T033	C0852853

27838489|t|Hypoxia / reoxygenation -induced HMGB1 translocation and release promotes islet proinflammatory cytokine production and early islet graft failure through TLRs signaling
27838489|a|High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) translocation and release, which is involved in several tissue types of ischemia-reperfusion injuries, activate innate immunity by inducing proinflammatory cytokine production through its interaction with toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our objective was to determine the role of HMGB1 and the degree of activation of TLR -related signal transduction pathways in hypoxia / reoxygenation (H / R)-induced proinflammatory cytokine production and intra-islet graft inflammation. After islets are exposed to hypoxia - reoxygenation for 24h, TLR2 / 4 expression and TLR -mediated signaling was up-regulated in islets, and HMGB1 was translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and released to the extracellular space. With H / R exposure, proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-1β and TNF-α) and islet injury were significantly increased, and these effects depend on TLR2 / 4 signaling pathways. Exogenous HMGB1 also induces islet inflammation and increases the phosphorylation of STAT3, p38 and IκBα in wild-type islets. TLR2 deficiency in TLR2 - KO islets resulted in the inhibition of IL-1β production and STAT3 / p38 phosphorylation after HMGB1 exposure. TLR4 deficiency in TLR4 - KO islets resulted in the inhibition of TNF-α production and IκBα phosphorylation after HMGB1 exposure. Pre-incubation of the STAT3, p38, or NF-κB inhibitors significantly inhibited HMGB1 -induced IL-1β or TNF-α production in islets, but the effect of HMGB1 or H / R -induced islet injury was not counteracted by a separate treatment of the STAT3 inhibitor, p38 inhibitor, or NF-κB inhibitors. HMGB1 inhibition by ethyl pyruvate or blockade by neutralizing antibodies significantly decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3, p38 and IκBα, the production of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the islet injury in wild-type islets after exposure to H / R and significantly improved early islet graft failure. Thus, our results suggest that HMGB1 released from H / R induced islets works in an autocrine manner to up-regulate STAT or p38 and augment IL-1β production via TLR2, and up-regulate NF-κB and augment TNF-α production via TLR4 in intra-islet, which are associated with H / R -induced islet injury and early graft failure.
27838489	0	7	Hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27838489	10	23	reoxygenation	T061	C0087111
27838489	33	38	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	39	52	translocation	T043	C0599893
27838489	57	64	release	T169	C0391871
27838489	74	79	islet	T023	C0022131
27838489	80	115	proinflammatory cytokine production	T040	C1327413
27838489	120	125	early	T079	C1279919
27838489	126	131	islet	T023	C0022131
27838489	132	145	graft failure	T046	C1262018
27838489	154	158	TLRs	T116,T192	C0670896
27838489	159	168	signaling	T044	C1514762
27838489	169	194	High-mobility group box 1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	196	201	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	203	216	translocation	T043	C0599893
27838489	221	228	release	T169	C0391871
27838489	259	265	tissue	T024	C0040300
27838489	275	304	ischemia-reperfusion injuries	T037	C0035126
27838489	315	330	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
27838489	343	378	proinflammatory cytokine production	T040	C1327413
27838489	391	402	interaction	T169	C1704675
27838489	408	427	toll-like receptors	T116,T192	C0670896
27838489	429	433	TLRs	T116,T192	C0670896
27838489	479	484	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	503	513	activation	T052	C1879547
27838489	517	520	TLR	T116,T192	C0670896
27838489	530	558	signal transduction pathways	T044	C0086982
27838489	562	569	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27838489	572	585	reoxygenation	T061	C0087111
27838489	587	588	H	T046	C0242184
27838489	591	592	R	T061	C0087111
27838489	602	637	proinflammatory cytokine production	T040	C1327413
27838489	642	653	intra-islet	T023	C0022131
27838489	654	659	graft	T122	C0181074
27838489	660	672	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27838489	680	686	islets	T023	C0022131
27838489	691	698	exposed	T080	C0332157
27838489	702	709	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27838489	712	725	reoxygenation	T061	C0087111
27838489	735	739	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
27838489	742	743	4	T116,T192	C1411976
27838489	744	754	expression	T045	C1171362
27838489	759	762	TLR	T116,T192	C0670896
27838489	773	782	signaling	T044	C1514762
27838489	787	799	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27838489	803	809	islets	T023	C0022131
27838489	815	820	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	825	837	translocated	T043	C0599893
27838489	847	854	nucleus	T026	C0007610
27838489	862	871	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27838489	876	884	released	T169	C0391871
27838489	892	911	extracellular space	T030	C0015352
27838489	918	919	H	T046	C0242184
27838489	922	923	R	T061	C0087111
27838489	924	932	exposure	T080	C0332157
27838489	934	969	proinflammatory cytokine production	T040	C1327413
27838489	971	976	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27838489	981	986	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27838489	992	997	islet	T023	C0022131
27838489	998	1004	injury	T037	C0178314
27838489	1063	1067	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
27838489	1070	1071	4	T116,T192	C1411976
27838489	1072	1090	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27838489	1102	1107	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	1121	1126	islet	T023	C0022131
27838489	1127	1139	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27838489	1158	1173	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27838489	1177	1182	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27838489	1184	1187	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27838489	1192	1196	IκBα	T116,T123	C0126732
27838489	1210	1216	islets	T023	C0022131
27838489	1218	1222	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
27838489	1223	1233	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27838489	1237	1241	TLR2	T028	C1336634
27838489	1244	1246	KO	T063	C0599772
27838489	1247	1253	islets	T023	C0022131
27838489	1270	1280	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27838489	1284	1289	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27838489	1290	1300	production	T044	C0597295
27838489	1305	1310	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27838489	1313	1316	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27838489	1317	1332	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27838489	1339	1344	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	1345	1353	exposure	T080	C0332157
27838489	1355	1359	TLR4	T116,T192	C1411976
27838489	1360	1370	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27838489	1374	1378	TLR4	T028	C1336636
27838489	1381	1383	KO	T063	C0599772
27838489	1384	1390	islets	T023	C0022131
27838489	1407	1417	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27838489	1421	1426	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27838489	1427	1437	production	T044	C0597295
27838489	1442	1446	IκBα	T116,T123	C0126732
27838489	1447	1462	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27838489	1469	1474	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	1475	1483	exposure	T080	C0332157
27838489	1485	1499	Pre-incubation	T059	C0022885
27838489	1507	1512	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27838489	1514	1517	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27838489	1522	1527	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27838489	1553	1562	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27838489	1563	1568	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	1578	1583	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27838489	1587	1592	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27838489	1593	1603	production	T044	C0597295
27838489	1607	1613	islets	T023	C0022131
27838489	1633	1638	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	1642	1643	H	T046	C0242184
27838489	1646	1647	R	T061	C0087111
27838489	1657	1662	islet	T023	C0022131
27838489	1663	1669	injury	T037	C0178314
27838489	1722	1727	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27838489	1739	1742	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27838489	1757	1762	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27838489	1775	1780	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	1781	1791	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27838489	1795	1809	ethyl pyruvate	T109,T121	C0208225
27838489	1813	1821	blockade	T169	C0332206
27838489	1838	1848	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27838489	1877	1892	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27838489	1896	1901	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
27838489	1903	1906	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27838489	1911	1915	IκBα	T116,T123	C0126732
27838489	1921	1931	production	T044	C0597295
27838489	1935	1940	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27838489	1945	1950	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27838489	1960	1965	islet	T023	C0022131
27838489	1966	1972	injury	T037	C0178314
27838489	1986	1992	islets	T023	C0022131
27838489	1999	2007	exposure	T080	C0332157
27838489	2011	2012	H	T046	C0242184
27838489	2015	2016	R	T061	C0087111
27838489	2044	2049	early	T079	C1279919
27838489	2050	2055	islet	T023	C0022131
27838489	2056	2069	graft failure	T046	C1262018
27838489	2102	2107	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
27838489	2108	2116	released	T169	C0391871
27838489	2122	2123	H	T046	C0242184
27838489	2126	2127	R	T061	C0087111
27838489	2136	2142	islets	T023	C0022131
27838489	2155	2171	autocrine manner	T043	C3825249
27838489	2175	2186	up-regulate	T044	C0041904
27838489	2187	2191	STAT	T116,T123	C1366753
27838489	2195	2198	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
27838489	2211	2216	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27838489	2217	2227	production	T044	C0597295
27838489	2232	2236	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
27838489	2242	2253	up-regulate	T044	C0041904
27838489	2254	2259	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27838489	2272	2277	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27838489	2278	2288	production	T044	C0597295
27838489	2293	2297	TLR4	T116,T192	C1411976
27838489	2301	2312	intra-islet	T023	C0022131
27838489	2340	2341	H	T046	C0242184
27838489	2344	2345	R	T061	C0087111
27838489	2355	2360	islet	T023	C0022131
27838489	2361	2367	injury	T037	C0178314
27838489	2378	2391	graft failure	T046	C1262018

27838742|t|Delicaflavone induces autophagic cell death in lung cancer via Akt / mTOR / p70S6K signaling pathway
27838742|a|Searching for potential anticancer agents from natural sources is an effective strategy for developing novel chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, data supporting the in vitro and in vivo anticancer effects of delicaflavone, a rarely occurring biflavonoid from Selaginella doederleinii, were reported. Delicaflavone exhibited favorable anticancer properties, as shown by the MTT assay and xenograft model of human non-small cell lung cancer in male BALB/c nude mice without observable adverse effect. By transmission electron microscopy with acridine orange and Cyto-ID®Autophagy detection dyes, Western blot analysis, and RT-PCR assay, we confirmed that delicaflavone induces autophagic cell death by increasing the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I, which are autophagy-related proteins, and promoting the generation of acidic vesicular organelles and autolysosomes in the cytoplasm of human lung cancer A549 and PC-9 cells in a time - and dose-dependent manner. Delicaflavone downregulated the expression of phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR, and phospho-p70S6K in a time - and dose-dependent manner, suggesting that it induced autophagy by inhibiting the Akt / mTOR / p70S6K pathway in A549 and PC-9 cells. Delicaflavone is a potential anticancer agent that can induce autophagic cell death in human non-small cell lung cancer via the Akt / mTOR / p70S6K signaling pathway. Delicaflavone showed anti-lung cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Delicaflavone induced autophagic cell death via Akt / mTOR / p70S6K signaling pathway. Delicaflavone did not show observable side effects in a xenograft mouse model. Delicaflavone may represent a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer. Delicaflavone showed anti-lung cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Delicaflavone induced autophagic cell death via Akt / mTOR / p70S6K signaling pathway. Delicaflavone did not show observable side effects in a xenograft mouse model. Delicaflavone may represent a potential therapeutic agent for lung cancer.
27838742	0	13	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	14	21	induces	T169	C0205263
27838742	22	43	autophagic cell death	T043	C1326207
27838742	47	58	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
27838742	63	66	Akt	T044	C1515844
27838742	69	73	mTOR	T044	C1515673
27838742	76	82	p70S6K	T116,T126	C0073337
27838742	83	100	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27838742	115	124	potential	T080	C3245505
27838742	125	142	anticancer agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27838742	148	163	natural sources	T033	C0449416
27838742	170	179	effective	T080	C1704419
27838742	204	209	novel	T080	C0205314
27838742	210	233	chemotherapeutic agents	T121	C0729502
27838742	243	248	study	T062	C2603343
27838742	250	254	data	T078	C1511726
27838742	270	278	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27838742	283	290	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27838742	291	309	anticancer effects	T033	C0243095
27838742	313	326	delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	347	358	biflavonoid	T109	C0596577
27838742	364	388	Selaginella doederleinii	T002	C1210298
27838742	405	418	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	429	438	favorable	T080	C3640814
27838742	439	449	anticancer	T033	C0243095
27838742	450	460	properties	T070	C0243178
27838742	478	487	MTT assay	T062	C2986858
27838742	492	507	xenograft model	T050	C1520166
27838742	511	516	human	T016	C0086418
27838742	517	543	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27838742	547	551	male	T032	C0086582
27838742	552	568	BALB/c nude mice	T015	C0025929
27838742	588	602	adverse effect	T046	C0559546
27838742	607	639	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
27838742	645	660	acridine orange	T109,T130	C0001185
27838742	665	682	Cyto-ID®Autophagy	T043	C0004391
27838742	693	697	dyes	T130	C0013343
27838742	699	711	Western blot	T059	C0949466
27838742	712	720	analysis	T062	C0936012
27838742	726	738	RT-PCR assay	T063	C1709846
27838742	758	771	delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	772	779	induces	T169	C0205263
27838742	780	801	autophagic cell death	T043	C1326207
27838742	805	815	increasing	T169	C0442808
27838742	829	835	LC3-II	T116,T123	C3711208
27838742	839	844	LC3-I	T116,T123	C3714087
27838742	856	882	autophagy-related proteins	T116,T123	C4277731
27838742	888	897	promoting	T052	C0033414
27838742	902	912	generation	T052	C3146294
27838742	916	943	acidic vesicular organelles	T026	C0029219
27838742	948	961	autolysosomes	T026	C0230822
27838742	969	978	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
27838742	988	999	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
27838742	1000	1004	A549	T025	C4277577
27838742	1009	1019	PC-9 cells	T025	C0007634
27838742	1025	1029	time	T079	C0040223
27838742	1036	1050	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27838742	1059	1072	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	1073	1086	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27838742	1091	1116	expression of phospho-Akt	T033	C2697945
27838742	1118	1130	phospho-mTOR	T116,T123	C0033684
27838742	1136	1150	phospho-p70S6K	T116,T123	C0033684
27838742	1156	1160	time	T079	C0040223
27838742	1167	1181	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27838742	1190	1200	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27838742	1209	1216	induced	T169	C0205263
27838742	1217	1226	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27838742	1230	1240	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27838742	1245	1248	Akt	T044	C1515844
27838742	1251	1255	mTOR	T044	C1515673
27838742	1258	1264	p70S6K	T116,T126	C0073337
27838742	1265	1272	pathway	T044	C0037080
27838742	1276	1280	A549	T025	C4277577
27838742	1285	1295	PC-9 cells	T025	C0007634
27838742	1297	1310	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	1316	1325	potential	T080	C3245505
27838742	1326	1342	anticancer agent	T109,T121	C0003392
27838742	1352	1358	induce	T169	C0205263
27838742	1359	1380	autophagic cell death	T043	C1326207
27838742	1384	1389	human	T016	C0086418
27838742	1390	1416	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27838742	1425	1428	Akt	T044	C1515844
27838742	1431	1435	mTOR	T044	C1515673
27838742	1438	1444	p70S6K	T116,T126	C0073337
27838742	1445	1462	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27838742	1464	1477	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	1485	1509	anti-lung cancer effects	T033	C0243095
27838742	1510	1518	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27838742	1523	1530	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27838742	1532	1545	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	1546	1553	induced	T169	C0205263
27838742	1554	1575	autophagic cell death	T043	C1326207
27838742	1580	1583	Akt	T044	C1515844
27838742	1586	1590	mTOR	T044	C1515673
27838742	1593	1599	p70S6K	T116,T126	C0073337
27838742	1600	1617	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27838742	1619	1632	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	1657	1669	side effects	T046	C0879626
27838742	1675	1696	xenograft mouse model	T050	C1520166
27838742	1698	1711	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	1728	1737	potential	T080	C3245505
27838742	1738	1755	therapeutic agent	T073	C0304231
27838742	1760	1771	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
27838742	1773	1786	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	1794	1818	anti-lung cancer effects	T033	C0243095
27838742	1819	1827	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27838742	1832	1839	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27838742	1841	1854	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	1863	1884	autophagic cell death	T043	C1326207
27838742	1889	1892	Akt	T044	C1515844
27838742	1895	1899	mTOR	T044	C1515673
27838742	1902	1908	p70S6K	T116,T126	C0073337
27838742	1909	1926	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27838742	1928	1941	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	1966	1978	side effects	T046	C0879626
27838742	1984	2005	xenograft mouse model	T050	C1520166
27838742	2007	2020	Delicaflavone	T121	C1254351
27838742	2037	2046	potential	T080	C3245505
27838742	2047	2064	therapeutic agent	T073	C0304231
27838742	2069	2080	lung cancer	T191	C0684249

27838809|t|Prostate and Colorectal Cancer Screening Uptake among US and Foreign-Born Males: Evidence from the 2015 NHIS Survey
27838809|a|Research suggests that prostate and colorectal cancers disproportionately affect men in the US, but little is known about the determinants of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake among US and foreign-born males. The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors influence prostate and colorectal cancer screening uptake among US-native born and foreign-born men. Using the 2015 National Health Interview Survey, we conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses to highlight factors associated with the uptake of prostate and colorectal cancer screening among US-native born and foreign-born men. The sample size consisted of 5651 men respondents, with the mean age of 59.7 years (SD = 12.1). Of these, more than two-fifths (42%) were aged 50-64 years old. With respect to race / ethnicity, the sample was predominantly non-Hispanic Whites (65.5%), 863 (15.6%) Hispanics, and 710 (12.4%) Blacks. Our analysis found higher rates of both US-born and foreign-born men aged 65 years or older, who had either a PSA or CRC screening tests than those aged <65 years. Results of the general multivariate model suggest that men under 50 years old, US-born and foreign-born alike, are statistically significantly less likely to have prostate or colorectal cancer screenings than men aged 65 years or above. This study highlights the influencing factors that encourage or discourage PSA and CRC screening uptake between US-native born and foreign-born men. The results of this inquiry provide an evidence -based blueprint for policymakers and interventionists seeking to address prostate and colorectal cancer among men.
27838809	0	8	Prostate	T191	C0376358
27838809	13	30	Colorectal Cancer	T191	C1527249
27838809	31	40	Screening	T058	C1710032
27838809	54	56	US	T083	C0041703
27838809	61	73	Foreign-Born	T098	C1955874
27838809	74	79	Males	T098	C0025266
27838809	81	89	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27838809	104	108	NHIS	T170	C1513894
27838809	109	115	Survey	T170	C0038951
27838809	116	124	Research	T062	C0035168
27838809	125	133	suggests	T078	C1705535
27838809	139	147	prostate	T191	C0376358
27838809	152	170	colorectal cancers	T191	C1527249
27838809	171	189	disproportionately	T080	C0205350
27838809	197	200	men	T098	C0025266
27838809	208	210	US	T083	C0041703
27838809	242	254	determinants	T129	C0003316
27838809	258	283	prostate-specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27838809	285	288	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27838809	294	311	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27838809	313	316	CRC	T191	C1527249
27838809	318	327	screening	T058	C1710032
27838809	341	343	US	T098	C0079891
27838809	348	360	foreign-born	T098	C1955874
27838809	361	366	males	T098	C0025266
27838809	372	379	purpose	T169	C1285529
27838809	388	393	study	T062	C2603343
27838809	401	412	investigate	T169	C1292732
27838809	418	425	factors	T033	C4035944
27838809	426	435	influence	T077	C4054723
27838809	436	444	prostate	T191	C0376358
27838809	449	466	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27838809	467	476	screening	T058	C1710032
27838809	490	504	US-native born	T098	C0079891
27838809	509	521	foreign-born	T098	C1955874
27838809	522	525	men	T098	C0025266
27838809	542	574	National Health Interview Survey	T170	C1513894
27838809	589	624	bivariate and multivariate analyses	UnknownType	C0814907
27838809	638	645	factors	T033	C4035944
27838809	646	661	associated with	T080	C0332281
27838809	676	684	prostate	T191	C0376358
27838809	689	706	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27838809	707	716	screening	T058	C1710032
27838809	723	737	US-native born	T098	C0079891
27838809	742	754	foreign-born	T098	C1955874
27838809	755	758	men	T098	C0025266
27838809	764	775	sample size	T081	C0242618
27838809	794	797	men	T098	C0025266
27838809	798	809	respondents	T098	C0282122
27838809	820	842	mean age of 59.7 years	T033	C0243095
27838809	844	846	SD	T081	C0871420
27838809	898	902	aged	T079	C1510829
27838809	909	918	years old	T079	C1510829
27838809	936	940	race	T098	C0034510
27838809	943	952	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
27838809	958	964	sample	T167	C0370003
27838809	983	995	non-Hispanic	T098	C1518424
27838809	996	1002	Whites	T098	C0221786
27838809	1024	1033	Hispanics	T098	C0019576
27838809	1051	1057	Blacks	T098	C0085756
27838809	1063	1071	analysis	T062	C0936012
27838809	1078	1090	higher rates	T081	C0392762
27838809	1099	1106	US-born	T098	C0079891
27838809	1111	1123	foreign-born	T098	C1955874
27838809	1124	1127	men	T098	C0025266
27838809	1133	1150	65 years or older	T033	C3843802
27838809	1160	1166	either	T033	C3844638
27838809	1169	1172	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27838809	1176	1179	CRC	T191	C1527249
27838809	1180	1195	screening tests	T058	C0871311
27838809	1207	1211	aged	T079	C1510829
27838809	1216	1221	years	T079	C1510829
27838809	1238	1264	general multivariate model	T081	C0026777
27838809	1278	1281	men	T098	C0025266
27838809	1291	1300	years old	T079	C1510829
27838809	1302	1309	US-born	T098	C0079891
27838809	1314	1326	foreign-born	T098	C1955874
27838809	1338	1351	statistically	T081	C0237881
27838809	1386	1394	prostate	T191	C0376358
27838809	1398	1415	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27838809	1416	1426	screenings	T058	C1710032
27838809	1432	1435	men	T098	C0025266
27838809	1441	1458	65 years or above	T100	C0522003
27838809	1465	1470	study	T062	C2603343
27838809	1498	1505	factors	T033	C4035944
27838809	1511	1520	encourage	T080	C0205556
27838809	1524	1534	discourage	T080	C0205556
27838809	1535	1538	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
27838809	1543	1546	CRC	T191	C1527249
27838809	1547	1556	screening	T058	C1710032
27838809	1572	1586	US-native born	T098	C0079891
27838809	1591	1603	foreign-born	T098	C1955874
27838809	1604	1607	men	T098	C0025266
27838809	1613	1620	results	T080	C0035037
27838809	1629	1636	inquiry	T062	C0035168
27838809	1648	1656	evidence	T078	C3887511
27838809	1664	1673	blueprint	T080	C0205556
27838809	1678	1690	policymakers	T097	C0242170
27838809	1695	1711	interventionists	T097	C0027363
27838809	1723	1730	address	T170	C0376649
27838809	1731	1739	prostate	T191	C0376358
27838809	1744	1761	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27838809	1768	1771	men	T098	C0025266

27840085|t|Lowering the overall charge on TMPyP4 improves its selectivity for G-quadruplex DNA
27840085|a|Ligands that stabilize non-canonical DNA structures called G-quadruplexes (GQs) might have applications in medicine as anti-cancer agents, due to the involvement of GQ DNA in a variety of cancer-related biological processes. Five derivatives of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin (TMPyP4), where a N-methylpyridyl group was replaced with phenyl (4P3), 4-aminopheny l (PN3M), 4-phenylamidoproline (PL3M), or 4-carboxyphenyl (PC3M and P2C2M) were investigated for their interactions with human telomeric DNA (Tel22) using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay, and UV-visible and circular dichroism spectroscopies in K(+) buffer. The molecules are cationic or zwitterionic with an overall charge of 3+ (4P3, PN3M, and PL3M), 2+ (PC3M) or neutral (P2C2M). All porphyrins except P2C2M stabilize human telomeric DNA in FRET assays by ∼20 °C at 5 eq CD melting experiments suggest that 4P3 is the most stabilizing ligand with a stabilization temperature of 16.8 °C at 4 eq. Importantly, 4P3, PC3M and PL3M demonstrate excellent selectivity for quadruplexes, far superior to that of TMPyP4. Binding constants, determined using UV-vis titrations, correlate with charge: triply cationic 4P3, PN3M and PL3M display Ka of 5-9 μM(-1), doubly cationic PC3M displays Ka of 1 μM(-1), and neutral P2C2M displays weak-to-no binding. UV-vis data suggest that binding interactions are driven by electrostatic attractions and that the binding mode may be base-stacking (or end-stacking) judging by the high values of red shift (15-20 nm) and hypochromicity (40-50%). We conclude that lowering the charge on TMPyP4 to 3+ can achieve the desired balance between stabilizing ability, affinity, and high selectivity required for an excellent quadruplex ligand.
27840085	0	8	Lowering	T052	C2003888
27840085	31	37	TMPyP4	T109,T121	C0076211
27840085	51	62	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27840085	67	83	G-quadruplex DNA	T086	C1956090
27840085	84	91	Ligands	T103	C0023688
27840085	97	106	stabilize	T080	C0205360
27840085	121	135	DNA structures	T114	C1511699
27840085	143	157	G-quadruplexes	T086	C1517336
27840085	159	162	GQs	T086	C1517336
27840085	191	199	medicine	T121	C0013227
27840085	203	221	anti-cancer agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27840085	249	255	GQ DNA	T086	C1956090
27840085	272	286	cancer-related	T033	C2826292
27840085	287	307	biological processes	T038	C3714634
27840085	329	377	5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphyrin	T109,T121	C0076211
27840085	379	385	TMPyP4	T109,T121	C0076211
27840085	396	417	N-methylpyridyl group	T104	C1254350
27840085	436	442	phenyl	T104	C1254350
27840085	444	447	4P3	T121	C1254351
27840085	450	462	4-aminopheny	T104	C1254350
27840085	466	470	PN3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	473	493	4-phenylamidoproline	T104	C1254350
27840085	495	499	PL3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	505	520	4-carboxyphenyl	T104	C1254350
27840085	522	526	PC3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	531	536	P2C2M	T121	C1254351
27840085	566	578	interactions	T044	C0687133
27840085	584	589	human	T016	C0086418
27840085	590	603	telomeric DNA	T026	C0085187
27840085	605	610	Tel22	T086	C0314659
27840085	618	656	fluorescence resonance energy transfer	T059	C0597717
27840085	658	662	FRET	T059	C0597717
27840085	675	685	UV-visible	T070	C1883416
27840085	690	723	circular dichroism spectroscopies	T070	C1519445
27840085	727	738	K(+) buffer	T121,T130	C0006353
27840085	744	753	molecules	T167	C0567416
27840085	758	766	cationic	T104	C0007447
27840085	813	816	4P3	T121	C1254351
27840085	818	822	PN3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	828	832	PL3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	839	843	PC3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	857	862	P2C2M	T121	C1254351
27840085	869	879	porphyrins	T109,T123	C0032712
27840085	887	892	P2C2M	T121	C1254351
27840085	903	908	human	T016	C0086418
27840085	909	922	telomeric DNA	T026	C0085187
27840085	926	937	FRET assays	T059	C0597717
27840085	956	978	CD melting experiments	T059	C0022885
27840085	992	995	4P3	T121	C1254351
27840085	1020	1026	ligand	T103	C0023688
27840085	1093	1096	4P3	T121	C1254351
27840085	1098	1102	PC3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	1107	1111	PL3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	1134	1145	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27840085	1150	1162	quadruplexes	T086	C1956090
27840085	1188	1194	TMPyP4	T109,T121	C0076211
27840085	1196	1213	Binding constants	T081	C0392762
27840085	1232	1249	UV-vis titrations	T059	C0022885
27840085	1274	1293	triply cationic 4P3	T121	C1254351
27840085	1295	1299	PN3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	1304	1308	PL3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	1335	1355	doubly cationic PC3M	T121	C1254351
27840085	1393	1398	P2C2M	T121	C1254351
27840085	1408	1418	weak-to-no	T080	C1762617
27840085	1419	1426	binding	T045	C1148673
27840085	1428	1439	UV-vis data	T078	C1511726
27840085	1453	1473	binding interactions	T045	C1148673
27840085	1488	1513	electrostatic attractions	T067	C2348396
27840085	1527	1534	binding	T045	C1148673
27840085	1547	1560	base-stacking	T067	C0596970
27840085	1565	1577	end-stacking	T067	C0596970
27840085	1634	1648	hypochromicity	T081	C1547008
27840085	1676	1684	lowering	T052	C2003888
27840085	1699	1705	TMPyP4	T109,T121	C0076211
27840085	1752	1771	stabilizing ability	T080	C0205360
27840085	1773	1781	affinity	T070	C1510827
27840085	1792	1803	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27840085	1830	1840	quadruplex	T086	C1956090
27840085	1841	1847	ligand	T103	C0023688

27840131|t|Determinants of On-Road Driving in Multiple Sclerosis
27840131|a|To investigate the cognitive, visual, and motor deficits underlying poor performance on different dimensions of on-road driving in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Prospective cross-sectional study. MS clinic and driving simulator lab. Active drivers (N=102) with various types of MS. Not applicable. Off-road cognitive, visual, and motor functions, as well as 13 specific driving skills. These skills were categorized into hierarchic clusters of operational, tactical, visuo-integrative, and mixed driving. Stepwise regression analysis was used to determine the off-road functions influencing performance on the on-road test and each cluster. Visuospatial function (P=.002), inhibition (P=.008), binocular acuity (P=.04), vertical visual field (P=.02), and stereopsis (P=.03) best determined variance in total on-road score (unadjusted R(2)=.37). Attentional shift (P=.0004), stereopsis (P=.007), glare recovery (P=.047), and use of assistive devices (P=.03) best predicted the operational cluster (unadjusted R(2)=.28). Visuospatial function (P=.002), inhibition (P=.002), reasoning (P=.003), binocular acuity (P=.04), and stereopsis (P=.005) best determined the tactical cluster (unadjusted R(2)=.41). The visuo-integrative mode l (unadjusted R(2)=.12) comprised binocular acuity (P=.007) and stereopsis (P=.045). Inhibition (P=.0001) and binocular acuity (P=.001) provided the best model of the mixed cluster (unadjusted R(2)=.25). Our results provide more insights into the specific impairments that influence different dimensions of on-road driving and may be used as a framework for targeted driving intervention programs in MS.
27840131	0	12	Determinants	T169	C1521761
27840131	16	23	On-Road	T073	C0442650
27840131	24	31	Driving	T056	C0004379
27840131	35	53	Multiple Sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27840131	57	68	investigate	T169	C1292732
27840131	73	82	cognitive	T169	C1516691
27840131	84	90	visual	T169	C0234621
27840131	96	110	motor deficits	T033	C0521654
27840131	152	162	dimensions	T033	C0233849
27840131	166	173	on-road	T073	C0442650
27840131	174	181	driving	T056	C0004379
27840131	185	196	individuals	T098	C0237401
27840131	202	220	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27840131	222	224	MS	T047	C0026769
27840131	239	260	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27840131	262	271	MS clinic	T073,T093	C3839267
27840131	276	283	driving	T056	C0004379
27840131	284	293	simulator	T062	C0679083
27840131	294	297	lab	T073,T093	C0022877
27840131	299	313	Active drivers	T098	C0684312
27840131	344	346	MS	T047	C0026769
27840131	364	372	Off-road	T073	C0442650
27840131	373	382	cognitive	T169	C1516691
27840131	384	390	visual	T169	C0234621
27840131	396	411	motor functions	T038	C0234130
27840131	427	435	specific	T080	C0205369
27840131	436	450	driving skills	UnknownType	C0683900
27840131	458	464	skills	UnknownType	C0683900
27840131	470	481	categorized	T052	C0871968
27840131	487	506	hierarchic clusters	T062	C0009085
27840131	510	521	operational	T052	C3241922
27840131	523	531	tactical	UnknownType	C0683900
27840131	533	550	visuo-integrative	T169	C0234621
27840131	556	569	mixed driving	UnknownType	C0683900
27840131	571	599	Stepwise regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27840131	626	634	off-road	T073	C0442650
27840131	676	683	on-road	T073	C0442650
27840131	684	688	test	T169	C0039593
27840131	698	705	cluster	T081	C1704332
27840131	707	728	Visuospatial function	T041	C0814069
27840131	739	749	inhibition	T041	C0021467
27840131	760	776	binocular acuity	T033	C0429540
27840131	786	807	vertical visual field	T060	C1301505
27840131	821	831	stereopsis	T041	C0011586
27840131	856	864	variance	T080	C1711260
27840131	874	881	on-road	T073	C0442650
27840131	882	887	score	T081	C0449820
27840131	911	928	Attentional shift	T033	C4274597
27840131	940	950	stereopsis	T041	C0011586
27840131	961	975	glare recovery	T060	C1321305
27840131	997	1014	assistive devices	T074	C0036605
27840131	1042	1061	operational cluster	T062	C0009085
27840131	1085	1106	Visuospatial function	T041	C0814069
27840131	1117	1127	inhibition	T041	C0021467
27840131	1138	1147	reasoning	T041	C0684328
27840131	1158	1174	binocular acuity	T033	C0429540
27840131	1188	1198	stereopsis	T041	C0011586
27840131	1228	1244	tactical cluster	T062	C0009085
27840131	1272	1294	visuo-integrative mode	T170	C0026347
27840131	1329	1345	binocular acuity	T033	C0429540
27840131	1359	1369	stereopsis	T041	C0011586
27840131	1380	1390	Inhibition	T041	C0021467
27840131	1405	1421	binocular acuity	T033	C0429540
27840131	1449	1454	model	T081,T170	C0026348
27840131	1462	1475	mixed cluster	T062	C0009085
27840131	1551	1562	impairments	T169	C0221099
27840131	1602	1609	on-road	T073	C0442650
27840131	1610	1617	driving	T056	C0004379
27840131	1653	1661	targeted	T169	C1521840
27840131	1662	1669	driving	T056	C0004379
27840131	1670	1691	intervention programs	T061	C0599917
27840131	1695	1697	MS	T047	C0026769

27840175|t|Prognostic significance of intraoperative peritoneal washing cytology for patients with potentially resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
27840175|a|The prognostic significance of intraoperative peritoneal washing cytology (IPWC) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains controversial, and the treatment strategy for PDAC patients with positive cytology has not been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of IPWC in PDAC patients. This study included a retrospective cohort of 166 patients with curatively resected PDAC who underwent IPWC. Overall, 17 patients (10%) had positive cytology (CY+), and 149 (90%) patients were negative (CY-). Tumor location in the pancreatic body and/or tail and pancreatic anterior capsular invasion were independent predictors of a CY+ status (P = 0.012 and 0.041, respectively). The initial recurrence occurred at the peritoneum with a significantly higher frequency in CY+ patients (50%) than in CY- patients (12%) (P = 0.003). The median overall survival (OS) for CY+ patients was 12 months. The OS rates at 1 and 3 years were significantly higher for CY- patients (75.1% and 35.3%, respectively) versus CY+ patients (47.1% and 17.6%, respectively; P = 0.012). However, one CY+ patient survived for 66 months, and another two CY+ patients have survived for more than three years after surgery without evidence of peritoneal recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, the independent predictors of OS were a CY+ status, lymph node metastasis, and adjuvant chemotherapy. This study demonstrates that positive IPWC predicts early peritoneal recurrence and a poor prognosis for PDAC patients. However, a small but not insignificant subset of CY+ patients with PDAC may avoid peritoneal carcinomatosis.
27840175	0	10	Prognostic	T170	C0220901
27840175	27	41	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27840175	27	69	intraoperative peritoneal washing cytology	T061	C0087111
27840175	42	52	peritoneal	T029	C0442034
27840175	74	82	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	100	110	resectable	T080	C1514888
27840175	111	143	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
27840175	148	158	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27840175	175	189	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
27840175	175	217	intraoperative peritoneal washing cytology	T061	C0087111
27840175	190	200	peritoneal	T029	C0442034
27840175	219	223	IPWC	T061	C0087111
27840175	228	260	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
27840175	262	266	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27840175	299	308	treatment	T061	C0087111
27840175	309	317	strategy	T041	C0679199
27840175	322	326	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27840175	327	335	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	341	358	positive cytology	T033	C3846509
27840175	433	454	clinical significance	T033	C2826293
27840175	458	462	IPWC	T061	C0087111
27840175	466	470	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27840175	471	479	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	503	516	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27840175	517	523	cohort	T098	C0599755
27840175	531	539	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	556	564	resected	T080	C1521996
27840175	565	569	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27840175	584	588	IPWC	T061	C0087111
27840175	602	610	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	621	638	positive cytology	T033	C3846509
27840175	640	643	CY+	T033	C3846509
27840175	660	668	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	674	682	negative	T033	C0586825
27840175	684	687	CY-	T033	C0586825
27840175	690	695	Tumor	T191	C0027651
27840175	696	704	location	T082	C0450429
27840175	712	727	pancreatic body	T023	C0227582
27840175	735	739	tail	T023	C0227590
27840175	744	763	pancreatic anterior	T023	C0178784
27840175	764	781	capsular invasion	T033	C1707265
27840175	799	809	predictors	T078	C2698872
27840175	815	818	CY+	T033	C3846509
27840175	819	825	status	T080	C0449438
27840175	875	885	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27840175	902	912	peritoneum	T024	C0031153
27840175	941	950	frequency	T079	C0376249
27840175	954	957	CY+	T033	C3846509
27840175	958	966	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	981	984	CY-	T033	C0586825
27840175	985	993	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	1024	1040	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27840175	1042	1044	OS	T081	C4086681
27840175	1050	1053	CY+	T033	C3846509
27840175	1054	1062	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	1070	1076	months	T079	C0439231
27840175	1082	1084	OS	T081	C4086681
27840175	1085	1090	rates	T081	C1521828
27840175	1102	1107	years	T079	C0439234
27840175	1138	1141	CY-	T033	C0586825
27840175	1142	1150	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	1190	1193	CY+	T033	C3846509
27840175	1194	1202	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	1260	1263	CY+	T033	C3846509
27840175	1264	1271	patient	T101	C0030705
27840175	1288	1294	months	T079	C0439231
27840175	1312	1315	CY+	T033	C3846509
27840175	1316	1324	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	1359	1364	years	T079	C0439234
27840175	1371	1378	surgery	T061	C0543467
27840175	1399	1409	peritoneal	T029	C0442034
27840175	1410	1420	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27840175	1429	1450	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27840175	1468	1478	predictors	T078	C2698872
27840175	1482	1484	OS	T081	C4086681
27840175	1492	1495	CY+	T033	C3846509
27840175	1496	1502	status	T080	C0449438
27840175	1504	1514	lymph node	T023	C0024204
27840175	1515	1525	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27840175	1531	1552	adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
27840175	1583	1591	positive	T033	C1446409
27840175	1592	1596	IPWC	T061	C0087111
27840175	1612	1622	peritoneal	T029	C0442034
27840175	1623	1633	recurrence	T067	C0034897
27840175	1640	1654	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27840175	1659	1663	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27840175	1664	1672	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	1723	1726	CY+	T033	C3846509
27840175	1727	1735	patients	T101	C0030705
27840175	1741	1745	PDAC	T191	C1335302
27840175	1756	1781	peritoneal carcinomatosis	T191	C0346990

27840666|t|Uncoupling of Vascular Nitric Oxide Synthase Caused by Intermittent Hypoxia
27840666|a|Objective. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is often present in diabetic (DB) patients. Both conditions are associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that diabetic endothelial dysfunction is further compromised by CIH. Methods. Adult male diabetic (BKS.Cg-Dock7(m) +/+ Lepr(db) /J) (db/db) mice (10 weeks old) and their heterozygote littermates were subjected to CIH or intermittent air (IA) for 8 weeks. Mice were separated into 4 groups: IA (intermittent air nondiabetic), IH (intermittent hypoxia nondiabetic), IADB (intermittent air diabetic), and IHDB (intermittent hypoxia diabetic) groups. Endothelium -dependent and endothelium -independent relaxation and modulation by basal nitric oxide (NO) were analyzed using wire myograph. Plasma 8-isoprostane, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were measured using ELISA. Uncoupling of eNOS was measured using dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Results. Endothelium -dependent vasodilation and basal NO production were significantly impaired in the IH and IADB group compared to IA group but was more pronounced in IHDB group. Levels of 8-isoprostane, IL-6, ADMA, and eNOS uncoupling were ≈2-fold higher in IH and IADB groups and were further increased in the IHDB group. Conclusion. Endothelial dysfunction is more pronounced in diabetic mice subjected to CIH compared to diabetic or CIH mice alone. Oxidative stress, ADMA, and eNOS uncoupling were exacerbated by CIH in diabetic mice.
27840666	0	10	Uncoupling	T044	C1516897
27840666	14	22	Vascular	T023	C0005847
27840666	23	44	Nitric Oxide Synthase	T116,T126	C0132555
27840666	55	67	Intermittent	T079	C0205267
27840666	68	75	Hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27840666	87	110	Obstructive sleep apnea	T047	C0520679
27840666	112	115	OSA	T047	C0520679
27840666	135	163	chronic intermittent hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27840666	165	168	CIH	T046	C0242184
27840666	191	199	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27840666	201	203	DB	T047	C0011847
27840666	205	213	patients	T101	C0030705
27840666	251	274	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27840666	279	301	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27840666	324	356	diabetic endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27840666	383	386	CIH	T046	C0242184
27840666	397	407	Adult male	T032	C0086582
27840666	408	416	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27840666	418	458	BKS.Cg-Dock7(m) +/+ Lepr(db) /J) (db/db)	T050	C2986594
27840666	459	463	mice	T015	C0025929
27840666	468	473	weeks	T079	C0439230
27840666	474	477	old	T079	C0580836
27840666	489	501	heterozygote	T032	C0019425
27840666	532	535	CIH	T046	C0242184
27840666	539	555	intermittent air	T121,T197	C3536832
27840666	557	559	IA	T121,T197	C3536832
27840666	567	572	weeks	T079	C0439230
27840666	574	578	Mice	T015	C0025929
27840666	601	607	groups	T078	C0441833
27840666	609	611	IA	T078	C0441833
27840666	613	641	intermittent air nondiabetic	T078	C0441833
27840666	644	646	IH	T078	C0441833
27840666	648	680	intermittent hypoxia nondiabetic	T078	C0441833
27840666	683	687	IADB	T078	C0441833
27840666	689	714	intermittent air diabetic	T078	C0441833
27840666	721	725	IHDB	T078	C0441833
27840666	727	756	intermittent hypoxia diabetic	T078	C0441833
27840666	758	764	groups	T078	C0441833
27840666	766	777	Endothelium	T024	C0014257
27840666	793	804	endothelium	T024	C0014257
27840666	818	828	relaxation	UnknownType	C0678681
27840666	833	843	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27840666	847	852	basal	T082	C0205112
27840666	853	865	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27840666	867	869	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27840666	891	904	wire myograph	T074	C0181931
27840666	906	912	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27840666	913	926	8-isoprostane	T109,T130	C0295541
27840666	928	941	interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27840666	943	947	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27840666	954	981	asymmetric dimethylarginine	T116,T121	C0067385
27840666	983	987	ADMA	T116,T121	C0067385
27840666	1009	1014	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27840666	1016	1026	Uncoupling	T044	C1516897
27840666	1030	1034	eNOS	T116,T126	C0907532
27840666	1054	1069	dihydroethidium	T109,T121	C0644810
27840666	1071	1074	DHE	T109,T121	C0644810
27840666	1076	1084	staining	T059	C0487602
27840666	1095	1106	Endothelium	T024	C0014257
27840666	1118	1130	vasodilation	T042	C0042401
27840666	1135	1140	basal	T082	C0205112
27840666	1141	1143	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27840666	1144	1154	production	T038	C3714634
27840666	1190	1192	IH	T078	C0441833
27840666	1197	1207	IADB group	T078	C0441833
27840666	1220	1228	IA group	T078	C0441833
27840666	1256	1266	IHDB group	T078	C0441833
27840666	1278	1291	8-isoprostane	T109,T130	C0295541
27840666	1293	1297	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27840666	1299	1303	ADMA	T116,T121	C0067385
27840666	1309	1313	eNOS	T116,T126	C0907532
27840666	1314	1324	uncoupling	T044	C1516897
27840666	1348	1350	IH	T078	C0441833
27840666	1355	1366	IADB groups	T078	C0441833
27840666	1401	1411	IHDB group	T078	C0441833
27840666	1425	1448	Endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27840666	1471	1479	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27840666	1480	1484	mice	T015	C0025929
27840666	1498	1501	CIH	T046	C0242184
27840666	1514	1522	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27840666	1526	1529	CIH	T046	C0242184
27840666	1530	1534	mice	T015	C0025929
27840666	1542	1558	Oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27840666	1560	1564	ADMA	T116,T121	C0067385
27840666	1570	1574	eNOS	T116,T126	C0907532
27840666	1575	1585	uncoupling	T044	C1516897
27840666	1591	1602	exacerbated	T080	C1444749
27840666	1606	1609	CIH	T046	C0242184
27840666	1613	1621	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27840666	1622	1626	mice	T015	C0025929

27840838|t|Effect of 1% Phenytoin Muco-Adhesive Paste on Improvement of Periodontal Status in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Blinded Controlled Clinical Study
27840838|a|Phenytoin (PHT) has been known to promote wound healing in some medical conditions owing to its proliferative as well as anti-inflammatory effects. Yet, its application in oral lesions was less investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in periodontal indices following the topical use of phenytoin in chronic periodontitis. In this doubled-blind, randomized, split-mouth controlled clinical study, 20 patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis referred to Periodontology Department of Shahid Sadoughi Medical University of Yazd in 2014 were selected consecutively. After initial therapy (scaling and root planning and oral hygiene instructions), periodontal indices including bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket depth (PPD) and modified gingival index (MGI) were recorded. Gingival facial surface of two posterior sextants with at least two teeth with similar conditions, were selected randomly. Then one surface received PHT paste whereas the other side had placebo as control. Patients were received the mucoadhesive pastes under strict control by an examiner, twice a day for a week. Periodontal indices were measured 3 weeks after treatment. Data was analyzed with t-test and paired t-test by using SPSS 21 software. It was observed that periodontal pocket depth was significantly more decreased in phenytoin side in comparison with placebo one (p< 0.05). In addition, inflammatory indices including bleeding on probing and modified gingival index declined more in the phenytoin group (p= 0.001 and p< 0.05 respectively). These encouraging results support the use of 1% phenytoin mucoadhesive paste as an adjunctive in periodontal treatment.
27840838	13	22	Phenytoin	T109,T121	C0031507
27840838	23	42	Muco-Adhesive Paste	T122	C3666022
27840838	61	79	Periodontal Status	T034	C0031092
27840838	83	91	Patients	T101	C0030705
27840838	97	118	Chronic Periodontitis	T047	C0266929
27840838	122	166	Randomized Blinded Controlled Clinical Study	T062	C2347038
27840838	167	176	Phenytoin	T109,T121	C0031507
27840838	178	181	PHT	T109,T121	C0031507
27840838	209	222	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27840838	231	249	medical conditions	T047	C0012634
27840838	263	276	proliferative	T046	C0334094
27840838	288	313	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
27840838	324	335	application	T058	C0185125
27840838	339	351	oral lesions	T033	C0149744
27840838	379	382	aim	T078	C1947946
27840838	391	396	study	T062	C2603343
27840838	404	412	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27840838	413	420	changes	T169	C0392747
27840838	424	443	periodontal indices	T034	C0031092
27840838	458	465	topical	T082	C0332237
27840838	466	469	use	T169	C0457083
27840838	473	482	phenytoin	T109,T121	C0031507
27840838	486	507	chronic periodontitis	T047	C0266929
27840838	517	581	doubled-blind, randomized, split-mouth controlled clinical study	T062	C2347038
27840838	586	594	patients	T101	C0030705
27840838	619	640	chronic periodontitis	T047	C0266929
27840838	653	678	Periodontology Department	T073,T093	C0019961
27840838	682	716	Shahid Sadoughi Medical University	T073,T093	C0000872
27840838	720	724	Yazd	T083	C0017446
27840838	776	783	therapy	T061	C0087111
27840838	785	792	scaling	T061	C0036269
27840838	797	810	root planning	T061	C0087111
27840838	815	840	oral hygiene instructions	T061	C0204131
27840838	843	862	periodontal indices	T034	C0031092
27840838	873	892	bleeding on probing	T033	C2698524
27840838	894	897	BOP	T033	C2698524
27840838	900	924	periodontal pocket depth	T033	C0564382
27840838	926	929	PPD	T033	C0564382
27840838	935	958	modified gingival index	T034	C0017569
27840838	960	963	MGI	T034	C0017569
27840838	980	1003	Gingival facial surface	T024	C0017562
27840838	1048	1053	teeth	T023	C0040426
27840838	1112	1119	surface	T082	C0205148
27840838	1129	1138	PHT paste	T109,T121	C0031507
27840838	1166	1173	placebo	T122	C1696465
27840838	1177	1184	control	T167	C1550141
27840838	1186	1194	Patients	T101	C0030705
27840838	1213	1232	mucoadhesive pastes	T122	C3666022
27840838	1260	1268	examiner	T097	C0025082
27840838	1270	1281	twice a day	T079	C0585361
27840838	1288	1292	week	T079	C0439230
27840838	1294	1313	Periodontal indices	T034	C0031092
27840838	1330	1335	weeks	T079	C0439230
27840838	1342	1351	treatment	T061	C0087111
27840838	1353	1357	Data	T078	C1511726
27840838	1376	1382	t-test	T170	C0871472
27840838	1387	1400	paired t-test	T170	C1709451
27840838	1410	1426	SPSS 21 software	T073,T170	C0037585
27840838	1449	1473	periodontal pocket depth	T033	C0564382
27840838	1497	1506	decreased	T081	C0205216
27840838	1510	1519	phenytoin	T109,T121	C0031507
27840838	1520	1524	side	T082	C0441987
27840838	1528	1538	comparison	T052	C1707455
27840838	1544	1551	placebo	T122	C1696465
27840838	1580	1600	inflammatory indices	T034	C1254595
27840838	1611	1630	bleeding on probing	T033	C2698524
27840838	1635	1658	modified gingival index	T034	C0017569
27840838	1680	1695	phenytoin group	T109,T121	C0031507
27840838	1771	1774	use	T169	C0457083
27840838	1781	1790	phenytoin	T109,T121	C0031507
27840838	1791	1809	mucoadhesive paste	T122	C3666022
27840838	1816	1851	adjunctive in periodontal treatment	T061	C2825951

27841784|t|Conventional and Iontophoresis Corneal Cross-Linking for Keratoconus: Efficacy and Assessment by Optical Coherence Tomography and Confocal Microscopy
27841784|a|To compare the efficacy, safety, and microstructural corneal changes during 2 years after conventional corneal collagen cross-linking (C - CXL) and transepithelial corneal CXL by iontophoresis (I - CXL) for keratoconus. Eighty eyes of 80 patients with progressive keratoconus were treated by C - CXL (n = 40) or I - CXL (n = 40). Patients were investigated before surgery and 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment. We measured central corneal thickness and maximal simulated keratometry values (Kmax) and performed specular microscopy and in vivo confocal microscopy at each time point. The demarcation line was assessed 1 month after treatment. Kmax remained stable after I - CXL during the entire study period (P = 0.56), whereas the average keratometry increased by 0.2 diopter (50.9 ± 5.6-51.1 ± 5.2). Kmax significantly decreased 1 (P = 0.02) to 2 years (P < 0.01) after C - CXL, with an average decrease of 1.1 diopters (49.9 ± 4.5-48.8 ± 4.2). The failure rate of I - CXL was 20% and that of C - CXL 7.5%. The demarcation line was superficially visible in 35% of cases after I - CXL compared with 95% of cases after C - CXL. Endothelial cell density and central corneal thickness remained stable during the entire study period. The change in Kmax 2 years after C - CXL and I - CXL and the preoperative Kmax were negatively correlated (r = 0.14, P = 0.013, and r = 0.17, P = 0.007, respectively). I - CXL halted progression of keratoconus less efficiently than did C - CXL after 2 years of follow-up. Longer prospective studies are still needed to ensure I - CXL efficacy.
27841784	0	12	Conventional	T080	C0439858
27841784	17	30	Iontophoresis	T061	C0022024
27841784	31	52	Corneal Cross-Linking	T061	C4065848
27841784	57	68	Keratoconus	T047	C0022578
27841784	70	78	Efficacy	T080	C2348767
27841784	83	93	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27841784	97	125	Optical Coherence Tomography	T060	C0920367
27841784	130	149	Confocal Microscopy	T059	C0242842
27841784	153	160	compare	T052	C1707455
27841784	165	173	efficacy	T080	C2348767
27841784	175	181	safety	T061	C1269689
27841784	203	210	corneal	T023	C0010031
27841784	211	218	changes	T169	C0392747
27841784	219	225	during	T079	C0347984
27841784	226	233	2 years	T079	C0439234
27841784	234	239	after	T079	C0687676
27841784	240	252	conventional	T080	C0439858
27841784	253	283	corneal collagen cross-linking	T061	C4065848
27841784	285	286	C	T080	C0439858
27841784	289	292	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	314	325	corneal CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	329	342	iontophoresis	T061	C0022024
27841784	344	345	I	T061	C0022024
27841784	348	351	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	357	368	keratoconus	T047	C0022578
27841784	377	381	eyes	T023	C0015392
27841784	388	396	patients	T101	C0030705
27841784	402	425	progressive keratoconus	T047	C2114756
27841784	431	438	treated	T169	C1522326
27841784	442	443	C	T080	C0439858
27841784	446	449	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	462	463	I	T061	C0022024
27841784	466	469	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	480	488	Patients	T101	C0030705
27841784	494	506	investigated	T169	C1292732
27841784	507	513	before	T079	C0332152
27841784	514	521	surgery	T061	C0543467
27841784	546	552	months	T079	C0439231
27841784	553	558	after	T079	C0687676
27841784	559	568	treatment	T061	C0087111
27841784	573	581	measured	T080	C0444706
27841784	582	607	central corneal thickness	T201	C1720164
27841784	660	669	performed	T169	C0884358
27841784	670	689	specular microscopy	T060	C4054002
27841784	694	701	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27841784	702	721	confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
27841784	725	729	each	T081	C1457900
27841784	730	740	time point	T079	C2348792
27841784	746	762	demarcation line	T047	C1443381
27841784	767	775	assessed	T169	C0205245
27841784	776	783	1 month	T079	C4082115
27841784	784	789	after	T079	C0687676
27841784	790	799	treatment	T061	C0087111
27841784	815	821	stable	T080	C0205360
27841784	822	827	after	T079	C0687676
27841784	828	829	I	T061	C0022024
27841784	832	835	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	836	842	during	T079	C0347984
27841784	847	853	entire	T081	C0439751
27841784	854	859	study	T062	C2603343
27841784	860	866	period	T079	C1948053
27841784	891	898	average	T081	C1510992
27841784	899	910	keratometry	T058	C3494755
27841784	911	920	increased	T081	C0205217
27841784	924	935	0.2 diopter	T081	C0439484
27841784	980	989	decreased	T081	C0205216
27841784	1006	1013	2 years	T079	C0439234
27841784	1025	1030	after	T079	C0687676
27841784	1031	1032	C	T080	C0439858
27841784	1035	1038	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	1048	1055	average	T081	C1510992
27841784	1056	1064	decrease	T081	C0547047
27841784	1068	1080	1.1 diopters	T081	C0439484
27841784	1110	1117	failure	T033	C0162643
27841784	1118	1122	rate	T081	C1521828
27841784	1126	1127	I	T061	C0022024
27841784	1130	1133	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	1154	1155	C	T080	C0439858
27841784	1158	1161	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	1172	1188	demarcation line	T047	C1443381
27841784	1207	1214	visible	T080	C0205379
27841784	1225	1230	cases	T169	C0868928
27841784	1231	1236	after	T079	C0687676
27841784	1237	1238	I	T061	C0022024
27841784	1241	1244	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	1245	1253	compared	T052	C1707455
27841784	1266	1271	cases	T169	C0868928
27841784	1272	1277	after	T079	C0687676
27841784	1278	1279	C	T080	C0439858
27841784	1282	1285	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	1287	1311	Endothelial cell density	T033	C0429518
27841784	1316	1341	central corneal thickness	T201	C1720164
27841784	1351	1357	stable	T080	C0205360
27841784	1358	1364	during	T079	C0347984
27841784	1369	1375	entire	T081	C0439751
27841784	1376	1381	study	T062	C2603343
27841784	1382	1388	period	T079	C1948053
27841784	1394	1400	change	T169	C0392747
27841784	1409	1416	2 years	T079	C0439234
27841784	1417	1422	after	T079	C0687676
27841784	1423	1424	C	T080	C0439858
27841784	1427	1430	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	1435	1436	I	T061	C0022024
27841784	1439	1442	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	1451	1463	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27841784	1474	1484	negatively	T080	C0205556
27841784	1485	1495	correlated	T080	C1707520
27841784	1558	1559	I	T061	C0022024
27841784	1562	1565	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	1573	1584	progression	T046	C0242656
27841784	1588	1599	keratoconus	T047	C0022578
27841784	1600	1604	less	T081	C0439092
27841784	1605	1616	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27841784	1626	1627	C	T080	C0439858
27841784	1630	1633	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	1634	1639	after	T079	C0687676
27841784	1640	1647	2 years	T079	C0439234
27841784	1651	1660	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27841784	1662	1668	Longer	T080	C0205166
27841784	1669	1688	prospective studies	T062	C0033522
27841784	1699	1705	needed	T080	C0027552
27841784	1716	1717	I	T061	C0022024
27841784	1720	1723	CXL	T061	C4065848
27841784	1724	1732	efficacy	T080	C2348767

27841837|t|Bilateral Sensory Changes and High Burden of Disease in Patients with Chronic Pain and Unilateral Nondermatomal Somatosensory Deficits: A Quantitative Sensory Testing and Clinical Study
27841837|a|Widespread sensory deficits resembling hemihypoaesthesia occur in 20-40% of chronic pain patients on the side of pain, independent of pain aetiology, and have been termed nondermatomal sensory deficits (NDSD). Sensory profiles have rarely been investigated in NDSD. Quantitative sensory testing (QST) according to the protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS) was performed in the face, hand and foot of the painful body side and in contralateral regions in chronic pain patients. Twenty-five patients with NDSD and 23 without NDSD (termed pain-only group) were included after exclusion of neuropathic pain. Comprehensive clinical and psychiatric evaluations were done. NDSD in chronic pain was associated with high burden of disease and more widespread pain. Only in the NDSD group significantly higher thresholds for mechanical and painful stimuli were found in at least 2 of 3 regions ipsilateral to pain. In addition, we found a bilateral loss of function for temperature and vibration detection, and a gain of function for pressure pain in certain regions in patients with NDSD. Sensory loss and gain of function for pressure pain correlated with pain intensity in several regions. This may indicate a distinct sensory profile in chronic non - neuropathic pain and NDSD, probably attributable to altered central pain processing and sensitisation. The presence of NDSD in chronic non - neuropathic pain may be regarded as a marker for higher burden of pain disease.
27841837	0	9	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
27841837	10	25	Sensory Changes	T184	C1409715
27841837	45	52	Disease	T047	C0012634
27841837	56	64	Patients	T101	C0030705
27841837	70	82	Chronic Pain	T184	C0150055
27841837	87	97	Unilateral	T082	C0205092
27841837	98	134	Nondermatomal Somatosensory Deficits	T047	C0752262
27841837	138	166	Quantitative Sensory Testing	T060	C0430838
27841837	171	185	Clinical Study	T062	C0008972
27841837	197	213	sensory deficits	T047	C0748618
27841837	225	242	hemihypoaesthesia	T033	C4049566
27841837	262	274	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
27841837	275	283	patients	T101	C0030705
27841837	291	303	side of pain	T184	C0748706
27841837	320	324	pain	T184	C0030193
27841837	325	334	aetiology	T169	C1314792
27841837	357	387	nondermatomal sensory deficits	T047	C0748618
27841837	389	393	NDSD	T047	C0748618
27841837	396	412	Sensory profiles	T170	C2732625
27841837	446	450	NDSD	T047	C0748618
27841837	452	480	Quantitative sensory testing	T060	C0430838
27841837	482	485	QST	T060	C0430838
27841837	504	512	protocol	T061	C0008971
27841837	520	563	German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain	T093	C1708333
27841837	565	569	DFNS	T093	C1708333
27841837	592	596	face	T029	C0015450
27841837	598	602	hand	T023	C0018563
27841837	607	611	foot	T023	C0016504
27841837	619	636	painful body side	T184	C0748706
27841837	644	665	contralateral regions	T082	C0441988
27841837	669	681	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
27841837	682	690	patients	T101	C0030705
27841837	704	712	patients	T101	C0030705
27841837	718	722	NDSD	T047	C0748618
27841837	738	742	NDSD	T047	C0748618
27841837	801	817	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27841837	833	841	clinical	T058	C4084924
27841837	846	869	psychiatric evaluations	T060	C0846574
27841837	881	885	NDSD	T047	C0748618
27841837	889	901	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
27841837	937	944	disease	T047	C0012634
27841837	965	969	pain	T184	C0030193
27841837	983	987	NDSD	T047	C0748618
27841837	1015	1025	thresholds	T080	C0449864
27841837	1030	1040	mechanical	T042	C1327503
27841837	1045	1052	painful	T184	C0030193
27841837	1053	1060	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27841837	1091	1098	regions	T029	C0005898
27841837	1099	1110	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27841837	1114	1118	pain	T184	C0030193
27841837	1144	1153	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27841837	1154	1170	loss of function	T033	C4061179
27841837	1175	1186	temperature	T032	C0005903
27841837	1191	1210	vibration detection	T042	C0036658
27841837	1226	1234	function	T169	C0542341
27841837	1239	1252	pressure pain	T184	C3647129
27841837	1264	1271	regions	T029	C0005898
27841837	1275	1283	patients	T101	C0030705
27841837	1289	1293	NDSD	T047	C0748618
27841837	1295	1307	Sensory loss	T184	C0278134
27841837	1333	1346	pressure pain	T184	C3647129
27841837	1363	1377	pain intensity	T201	C1320357
27841837	1389	1396	regions	T029	C0005898
27841837	1427	1442	sensory profile	T170	C2732625
27841837	1446	1453	chronic	T079	C0205191
27841837	1454	1457	non	T033	C1513916
27841837	1460	1476	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27841837	1481	1485	NDSD	T047	C0748618
27841837	1520	1532	central pain	T184	C0234243
27841837	1548	1561	sensitisation	T047	C3839736
27841837	1579	1583	NDSD	T047	C0748618
27841837	1587	1594	chronic	T079	C0205191
27841837	1595	1598	non	T033	C1513916
27841837	1601	1617	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27841837	1639	1645	marker	T201	C0005516
27841837	1667	1679	pain disease	T047	C0012634

27842161|t|Netarsudil Increases Outflow Facility in Human Eyes Through Multiple Mechanisms
27842161|a|Netarsudil is a Rho kinase/norepinephrine transporter inhibitor currently in phase 3 clinical development for glaucoma treatment. We investigated the effects of its active metabolite, netarsudil-M1, on outflow facility (C), outflow hydrodynamics, and morphology of the conventional outflow pathway in enucleated human eyes. Paired human eyes (n = 5) were perfused with either 0.3 μM netarsudil-M1 or vehicle solution at constant pressure (15 mm Hg). After 3 hours, fluorescent microspheres were added to perfusion media to trace the outflow patterns before perfusion - fixation. The percentage effective filtration length (PEFL) was calculated from the measured lengths of tracer distribution in the trabecular meshwork (TM), episcleral veins (ESVs), and along the inner wall (IW) of Schlemm's canal after global and confocal imaging. Morphologic changes along the trabecular outflow pathway were investigated by confocal, light, and electron microscopy. Perfusion with netarsudil-M1 significantly increased C when compared to baseline (51%, P < 0.01) and to paired controls (102%, P < 0.01), as well as significantly increased PEFL in both IW (P < 0.05) and ESVs (P < 0.01). In treated eyes, PEFL was significantly higher in ESVs than in the IW (P < 0.01) and was associated with increased cross-sectional area of ESVs (P < 0.01). Percentage effective filtration length in ESVs positively correlated with the percentage change in C (R2 = 0.58, P = 0.01). A significant increase in juxtacanalicular connective tissue (JCT) thickness (P < 0.05) was found in treated eyes compared to controls. Netarsudil acutely increased C by expansion of the JCT and dilating the ESVs, which led to redistribution of aqueous outflow through a larger area of the IW and ESVs.
27842161	0	10	Netarsudil	T121	C1254351
27842161	11	20	Increases	T169	C0442805
27842161	21	37	Outflow Facility	T060	C0430894
27842161	41	46	Human	T016	C0086418
27842161	47	51	Eyes	T023	C0015392
27842161	60	68	Multiple	T081	C0439064
27842161	69	79	Mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27842161	80	90	Netarsudil	T121	C1254351
27842161	96	143	Rho kinase/norepinephrine transporter inhibitor	T121	C0033671
27842161	157	185	phase 3 clinical development	T062	C0282461
27842161	190	198	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
27842161	199	208	treatment	T061	C0087111
27842161	252	262	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27842161	264	277	netarsudil-M1	T121	C1254351
27842161	282	298	outflow facility	T060	C0430894
27842161	300	301	C	T060	C0430894
27842161	304	311	outflow	T039	C1254359
27842161	312	325	hydrodynamics	T070	C2936194
27842161	331	341	morphology	T080	C0332437
27842161	349	361	conventional	T080	C0439858
27842161	362	377	outflow pathway	T077	C1705987
27842161	381	402	enucleated human eyes	T037	C1396718
27842161	404	410	Paired	T080	C1709450
27842161	411	416	human	T016	C0086418
27842161	417	421	eyes	T023	C0015392
27842161	435	443	perfused	T061	C0031001
27842161	463	476	netarsudil-M1	T121	C1254351
27842161	480	496	vehicle solution	T122	C0042444
27842161	500	517	constant pressure	T067	C0033095
27842161	538	543	hours	T079	C0439227
27842161	545	569	fluorescent microspheres	T074	C0026032
27842161	584	593	perfusion	T061	C0031001
27842161	594	599	media	T130	C0009924
27842161	603	608	trace	T081	C1552622
27842161	613	629	outflow patterns	T039	C1254359
27842161	637	646	perfusion	T061	C0031001
27842161	649	657	fixation	T061	C0185023
27842161	663	701	percentage effective filtration length	T081	C1444754
27842161	703	707	PEFL	T081	C1444754
27842161	733	741	measured	T080	C0444706
27842161	742	749	lengths	T081	C1444754
27842161	753	759	tracer	T130	C1522485
27842161	760	772	distribution	T169	C1704711
27842161	780	799	trabecular meshwork	T023	C0040573
27842161	801	803	TM	T023	C0040573
27842161	806	822	episcleral veins	T023	C0226616
27842161	824	828	ESVs	T023	C0226616
27842161	845	855	inner wall	T082	C1254362
27842161	857	859	IW	T082	C1254362
27842161	864	879	Schlemm's canal	T030	C0229108
27842161	886	892	global	T080	C2348867
27842161	897	913	confocal imaging	T059	C0242842
27842161	915	934	Morphologic changes	T190	C1260954
27842161	945	955	trabecular	T023	C0040573
27842161	956	971	outflow pathway	T077	C1705987
27842161	993	1001	confocal	T059	C0242842
27842161	1003	1008	light	T059	C0430389
27842161	1014	1033	electron microscopy	T059	C0026019
27842161	1035	1044	Perfusion	T061	C0031001
27842161	1050	1063	netarsudil-M1	T121	C1254351
27842161	1064	1077	significantly	T078	C0750502
27842161	1078	1087	increased	T081	C0205217
27842161	1088	1089	C	T060	C0430894
27842161	1139	1145	paired	T080	C1709450
27842161	1184	1197	significantly	T078	C0750502
27842161	1198	1207	increased	T081	C0205217
27842161	1208	1212	PEFL	T081	C1444754
27842161	1221	1223	IW	T082	C1254362
27842161	1239	1243	ESVs	T023	C0226616
27842161	1267	1271	eyes	T023	C0015392
27842161	1273	1277	PEFL	T081	C1444754
27842161	1282	1295	significantly	T078	C0750502
27842161	1306	1310	ESVs	T023	C0226616
27842161	1323	1325	IW	T082	C1254362
27842161	1345	1360	associated with	T080	C0332281
27842161	1361	1370	increased	T081	C0205217
27842161	1371	1391	cross-sectional area	T082	C0205146
27842161	1395	1399	ESVs	T023	C0226616
27842161	1412	1450	Percentage effective filtration length	T081	C1444754
27842161	1454	1458	ESVs	T023	C0226616
27842161	1511	1512	C	T060	C0430894
27842161	1538	1549	significant	T078	C0750502
27842161	1550	1558	increase	T169	C0442805
27842161	1562	1596	juxtacanalicular connective tissue	T024	C0009780
27842161	1598	1601	JCT	T024	C0009780
27842161	1603	1612	thickness	T080	C1280412
27842161	1645	1649	eyes	T023	C0015392
27842161	1672	1682	Netarsudil	T121	C1254351
27842161	1683	1690	acutely	T079	C0205178
27842161	1691	1700	increased	T081	C0205217
27842161	1701	1702	C	T060	C0430894
27842161	1723	1726	JCT	T024	C0009780
27842161	1744	1748	ESVs	T023	C0226616
27842161	1763	1777	redistribution	T169	C0332620
27842161	1789	1796	outflow	T039	C1254359
27842161	1807	1818	larger area	T082	C0205146
27842161	1826	1828	IW	T082	C1254362
27842161	1833	1837	ESVs	T023	C0226616

27842269|t|Using language for social interaction: Communication mechanisms promote recovery from chronic non-fluent aphasia
27842269|a|Clinical research highlights the importance of massed practice in the rehabilitation of chronic post-stroke aphasia. However, while necessary, massed practice may not be sufficient for ensuring progress in speech-language therapy. Motivated by recent advances in neuroscience, it has been claimed that using language as a tool for communication and social interaction leads to synergistic effects in left perisylvian eloquent areas. Here, we conducted a crossover randomized controlled trial to determine the influence of communicative language function on the outcome of intensive aphasia therapy. Eighteen individuals with left-hemisphere lesions and chronic non-fluent aphasia each received two types of training in counterbalanced order: (i) Intensive Language-Action Therapy (ILAT, an extended form of Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy) embedding verbal utterances in the context of communication and social interaction, and (ii) Naming Therapy focusing on speech production per se. Both types of training were delivered with the same high intensity (3.5 h per session) and duration (six consecutive working days), with therapy materials and number of utterances matched between treatment groups. A standardized aphasia test battery revealed significantly improved language performance with ILAT, independent of when this method was administered. In contrast, Naming Therapy tended to benefit language performance only when given at the onset of the treatment, but not when applied after previous intensive training. The current results challenge the notion that massed practice alone promotes recovery from chronic post-stroke aphasia. Instead, our results demonstrate that using language for communication and social interaction increases the efficacy of intensive aphasia therapy.
27842269	6	14	language	T171	C0023008
27842269	19	37	social interaction	T033	C0037420
27842269	39	52	Communication	T054	C0009452
27842269	86	93	chronic	T079	C0205191
27842269	94	112	non-fluent aphasia	T048	C0349390
27842269	113	130	Clinical research	T062	C0008972
27842269	160	175	massed practice	T170	C0870850
27842269	183	197	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27842269	201	208	chronic	T079	C0205191
27842269	209	220	post-stroke	T079	C1254367
27842269	221	228	aphasia	T048	C0003537
27842269	256	271	massed practice	T170	C0870850
27842269	307	315	progress	T169	C1280477
27842269	319	342	speech-language therapy	T058	C0037831
27842269	376	388	neuroscience	T091	C0027910
27842269	421	429	language	T171	C0023008
27842269	444	457	communication	T054	C0009452
27842269	462	480	social interaction	T033	C0037420
27842269	490	509	synergistic effects	T080	C1280500
27842269	513	544	left perisylvian eloquent areas	T029	C3495412
27842269	635	648	communicative	T054	C0009452
27842269	649	666	language function	T041	C0233732
27842269	674	681	outcome	T169	C1274040
27842269	685	710	intensive aphasia therapy	T061	C0087111
27842269	721	732	individuals	T098	C0237401
27842269	738	761	left-hemisphere lesions	T033	C2026233
27842269	766	773	chronic	T079	C0205191
27842269	774	792	non-fluent aphasia	T048	C0349390
27842269	820	828	training	T065	C0220931
27842269	832	853	counterbalanced order	T080	C1705176
27842269	859	892	Intensive Language-Action Therapy	T061	C0023017
27842269	894	898	ILAT	T061	C0023017
27842269	920	954	Constraint-Induced Aphasia Therapy	T061	C0087111
27842269	966	983	verbal utterances	T061	C2202690
27842269	1002	1015	communication	T054	C0009452
27842269	1020	1038	social interaction	T033	C0037420
27842269	1049	1063	Naming Therapy	T073,T170	C0037585
27842269	1076	1100	speech production per se	T060	C0037827
27842269	1116	1124	training	T065	C0220931
27842269	1193	1201	duration	T079	C0449238
27842269	1227	1231	days	T079	C0439228
27842269	1239	1246	therapy	T061	C0087111
27842269	1247	1256	materials	T167	C0520510
27842269	1261	1281	number of utterances	T033	C0243095
27842269	1298	1314	treatment groups	T061	C0087111
27842269	1331	1338	aphasia	T048	C0003537
27842269	1339	1351	test battery	T060	C0204458
27842269	1384	1392	language	T171	C0023008
27842269	1393	1404	performance	T055	C0597198
27842269	1410	1414	ILAT	T061	C0023017
27842269	1441	1447	method	T170	C0025663
27842269	1479	1493	Naming Therapy	T073,T170	C0037585
27842269	1512	1520	language	T171	C0023008
27842269	1569	1578	treatment	T061	C0087111
27842269	1626	1634	training	T065	C0220931
27842269	1682	1697	massed practice	T170	C0870850
27842269	1727	1734	chronic	T079	C0205191
27842269	1735	1746	post-stroke	T079	C1254367
27842269	1747	1754	aphasia	T048	C0003537
27842269	1800	1808	language	T171	C0023008
27842269	1813	1826	communication	T054	C0009452
27842269	1831	1849	social interaction	T033	C0037420
27842269	1876	1901	intensive aphasia therapy	T061	C0087111

27842329|t|Geographical Factors Associated With Health Disparities in Prostate Cancer
27842329|a|Treatment variation in prostate cancer is common, and it is driven by clinical and clinician factors, patient preferences, availability of resources, and access to physicians and treating facilities. Most research on treatment disparities in men with prostate cancer has focused on race and socioeconomic factors. However, the geography of disparities - capturing racial and socioeconomic differences based on where patients live - can provide insight into barriers to care and help identify outlier areas in which access to care, health resources, or both are more pronounced. Research regarding treatment patterns and disparities in prostate cancer using the Geographical Information System (GIS) was searched. Studies were limited to English-language articles and research focused on US populations. A total of 43 articles were found; of those, 30 provided information about or used spatial or geographical analyses to assess and describe differences or disparities in prostate cancer and its treatment. Two additional GIS resources were included. The research on geographical and spatial determinants of prostate cancer disparities was reviewed. We also examined geographical analyses at the state level, focusing on Florida. Overall, we described a geographical framework to disparities that affect men with prostate cancer and reviewed existing published evidence supporting the interplay of geographical factors and disparities in prostate cancer. Disparities in prostate cancer are common and persistent, and notable differences in treatment are observable across racial and socioeconomic strata. Geographical analysis provides additional information about where disparate groups live and also helps to map access to care. This information can be used by public health officials, health-systems administrators, clinicians, and policymakers to better understand and respond to geographical barriers that contribute to disparities in care.
27842329	0	12	Geographical	UnknownType	C0681784
27842329	13	20	Factors	T169	C1521761
27842329	21	36	Associated With	T080	C0332281
27842329	37	55	Health Disparities	T033	C1171307
27842329	59	74	Prostate Cancer	T191	C0376358
27842329	75	84	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27842329	85	94	variation	T080	C1705242
27842329	98	113	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27842329	145	153	clinical	T080	C0205210
27842329	158	167	clinician	T097	C0871685
27842329	168	175	factors	T169	C1521761
27842329	177	196	patient preferences	T080	C0376409
27842329	198	213	availability of	T169	C0470187
27842329	214	223	resources	T078	C0018741
27842329	229	235	access	T082	C0444454
27842329	239	249	physicians	T097	C0031831
27842329	254	273	treating facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27842329	280	288	research	T062	C0035168
27842329	292	301	treatment	T061	C0087111
27842329	302	313	disparities	T080	C1705242
27842329	317	320	men	T098	C0025266
27842329	326	341	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27842329	357	361	race	T098	C0034510
27842329	366	387	socioeconomic factors	T102	C0037464
27842329	402	411	geography	T077	C0017444
27842329	415	426	disparities	T080	C1705242
27842329	439	445	racial	T033	C0682075
27842329	450	475	socioeconomic differences	T033	C0682194
27842329	491	499	patients	T080	C0376409
27842329	500	504	live	T052	C2982691
27842329	532	540	barriers	T080	C4045969
27842329	544	548	care	T058	C0086388
27842329	575	580	areas	UnknownType	C0681784
27842329	590	596	access	T082	C0444454
27842329	600	604	care	T058	C0086388
27842329	606	622	health resources	T078	C0018741
27842329	653	661	Research	T062	C0035168
27842329	672	681	treatment	T061	C0087111
27842329	682	690	patterns	T082	C0449774
27842329	695	706	disparities	T080	C1705242
27842329	710	725	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27842329	736	767	Geographical Information System	T170	C0815319
27842329	769	772	GIS	T170	C0815319
27842329	778	786	searched	T052	C1706202
27842329	788	795	Studies	T062	C2603343
27842329	812	828	English-language	T171	C0376245
27842329	829	837	articles	T170	C1706852
27842329	842	850	research	T062	C0035168
27842329	862	864	US	T083	C0041703
27842329	865	876	populations	T098	C1257890
27842329	892	900	articles	T170	C1706852
27842329	935	946	information	T078	C1533716
27842329	961	968	spatial	T082	C0037775
27842329	972	984	geographical	UnknownType	C0681784
27842329	985	993	analyses	T062	C0936012
27842329	997	1003	assess	T052	C1516048
27842329	1017	1028	differences	T080	C1705242
27842329	1032	1043	disparities	T080	C1705242
27842329	1047	1062	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27842329	1071	1080	treatment	T061	C0087111
27842329	1097	1100	GIS	T170	C0815319
27842329	1130	1138	research	T062	C0035168
27842329	1142	1154	geographical	UnknownType	C0681784
27842329	1159	1179	spatial determinants	T169	C1521761
27842329	1183	1198	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27842329	1199	1210	disparities	T080	C1705242
27842329	1215	1223	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27842329	1242	1254	geographical	UnknownType	C0681784
27842329	1255	1263	analyses	T062	C0936012
27842329	1271	1282	state level	UnknownType	C0683927
27842329	1296	1303	Florida	T083	C0016253
27842329	1329	1341	geographical	UnknownType	C0681784
27842329	1355	1366	disparities	T080	C1705242
27842329	1379	1382	men	T098	C0025266
27842329	1388	1403	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27842329	1408	1416	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27842329	1436	1444	evidence	T078	C3887511
27842329	1473	1485	geographical	UnknownType	C0681784
27842329	1486	1493	factors	T169	C1521761
27842329	1498	1509	disparities	T080	C1705242
27842329	1513	1528	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27842329	1530	1541	Disparities	T080	C1705242
27842329	1545	1560	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27842329	1565	1571	common	T081	C0205214
27842329	1576	1586	persistent	T079	C0205322
27842329	1615	1624	treatment	T061	C0087111
27842329	1680	1692	Geographical	UnknownType	C0681784
27842329	1693	1701	analysis	T062	C0936012
27842329	1722	1733	information	T078	C1533716
27842329	1746	1755	disparate	T080	C1705242
27842329	1756	1762	groups	T098	C1257890
27842329	1763	1767	live	T052	C2982691
27842329	1786	1789	map	T073	C0024779
27842329	1790	1796	access	T082	C0444454
27842329	1800	1804	care	T058	C0086388
27842329	1811	1822	information	T078	C1533716
27842329	1838	1861	public health officials	T097	C2826212
27842329	1863	1892	health-systems administrators	T097	C0018707
27842329	1894	1904	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27842329	1910	1922	policymakers	T097	C0242170
27842329	1959	1971	geographical	UnknownType	C0681784
27842329	1972	1980	barriers	T080	C4045969
27842329	2000	2019	disparities in care	T080	C1955989

27843267|t|Bacteriology of Urine Specimens Obtained from Men with Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
27843267|a|Bacteriuria and urinary tract infections are common sequelae of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Thus, the knowledge of urine bacteriology in men with symptomatic BPH in our environment may play a complementary role in management. To determine the incidence of bacteriuria and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates in cultured urine samples of men with symptomatic BPH. This was a 1 year prospective study. All patients who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms due to BPH and who met the inclusion criteria were studied. Urine samples were obtained from the patients for microscopy, culture, and sensitivity following standard protocol. Ninety-four patients were studied. The age range was 53-80 years with a mean of 65.5 ± 7.8 years. Bacterial isolates were noted in 42 (44.7%) patients. Six of these had two different species of bacterial organisms isolated. Escherichia coli noted in 20 (47.6%) specimens was the most common organism isolated while the least common, Providencia species, was noted in 1 (2.4%). The bacterial isolates were mostly sensitive to imipenem, meropenem, and nitrofurantoin, but showed greater resistance to cefuroxime, gentamicin, and ofloxacin. There was no significant difference between the means for age (P = 0.80), duration of symptoms (P = 0.09), and prostate size (P = 0.52) in the patients with and those without bacteriuria. Bacteriuria is a common finding in patients with symptomatic BPH in our setting. The bacterial isolates showed high level of resistance to oral cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. There is a need to update guidelines in empiric use of antibiotics in this group of patients.
27843267	0	12	Bacteriology	T059	C0555176
27843267	16	31	Urine Specimens	T031	C1610733
27843267	32	40	Obtained	T169	C1301820
27843267	46	49	Men	T098	C0025266
27843267	55	66	Symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27843267	67	95	Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia	T191	C1704272
27843267	96	107	Bacteriuria	T047	C0004659
27843267	112	136	urinary tract infections	T047	C0042029
27843267	141	147	common	T081	C0205214
27843267	148	156	sequelae	T046	C0243088
27843267	160	188	benign prostatic hyperplasia	T191	C1704272
27843267	190	193	BPH	T191	C1704272
27843267	206	215	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27843267	219	224	urine	T031	C0042036
27843267	225	237	bacteriology	T059	C0555176
27843267	241	244	men	T098	C0025266
27843267	250	261	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27843267	262	265	BPH	T191	C1704272
27843267	273	284	environment	T082	C0014406
27843267	310	314	role	T077	C1705810
27843267	318	328	management	T058	C0030677
27843267	347	356	incidence	T081	C0021149
27843267	360	371	bacteriuria	T047	C0004659
27843267	380	410	antibiotic sensitivity pattern	UnknownType	C0545239
27843267	414	432	bacterial isolates	T123	C3494793
27843267	436	450	cultured urine	T059	C0430404
27843267	451	458	samples	T167	C0370003
27843267	462	465	men	T098	C0025266
27843267	471	482	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27843267	483	486	BPH	T191	C1704272
27843267	506	523	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27843267	529	537	patients	T101	C0030705
27843267	542	551	presented	T078	C0449450
27843267	557	585	lower urinary tract symptoms	T184	C0574785
27843267	586	592	due to	T169	C0678226
27843267	593	596	BPH	T191	C1704272
27843267	613	631	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27843267	637	644	studied	T062	C2603343
27843267	646	659	Urine samples	T031	C1610733
27843267	665	673	obtained	T169	C1301820
27843267	683	691	patients	T101	C0030705
27843267	696	706	microscopy	T059	C0026018
27843267	708	715	culture	T059	C0430400
27843267	721	732	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27843267	733	742	following	T079	C0332282
27843267	743	760	standard protocol	T170	C0442711
27843267	774	782	patients	T101	C0030705
27843267	788	795	studied	T062	C2603343
27843267	801	804	age	T032	C0001779
27843267	805	810	range	T081	C1514721
27843267	815	826	53-80 years	T079	C0439234
27843267	834	838	mean	T081	C0444504
27843267	842	858	65.5 ± 7.8 years	T079	C0439234
27843267	860	878	Bacterial isolates	T123	C3494793
27843267	884	889	noted	T080	C4288581
27843267	904	912	patients	T101	C0030705
27843267	935	944	different	T080	C1705242
27843267	945	952	species	T185	C1705920
27843267	956	965	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27843267	966	984	organisms isolated	T034	C0427941
27843267	986	1002	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27843267	1003	1008	noted	T080	C4288581
27843267	1023	1032	specimens	T167	C0370003
27843267	1046	1052	common	T081	C0205214
27843267	1053	1070	organism isolated	T034	C0427941
27843267	1087	1093	common	T081	C0205214
27843267	1095	1114	Providencia species	T007	C1295805
27843267	1120	1125	noted	T080	C4288581
27843267	1143	1161	bacterial isolates	T123	C3494793
27843267	1174	1183	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27843267	1187	1195	imipenem	T109,T195	C0020933
27843267	1197	1206	meropenem	T109,T195	C0066005
27843267	1212	1226	nitrofurantoin	T109,T121	C0028156
27843267	1239	1246	greater	T081	C1704243
27843267	1247	1257	resistance	T169	C4281815
27843267	1261	1271	cefuroxime	T109,T195	C0007562
27843267	1273	1283	gentamicin	T109,T195	C3854019
27843267	1289	1298	ofloxacin	T109,T195	C0028902
27843267	1310	1324	no significant	T033	C1273937
27843267	1325	1335	difference	T080	C1705242
27843267	1348	1353	means	T081	C0444504
27843267	1358	1361	age	T032	C0001779
27843267	1374	1394	duration of symptoms	T079	C0436359
27843267	1411	1424	prostate size	T033	C0426731
27843267	1443	1451	patients	T101	C0030705
27843267	1467	1474	without	T080	C0332288
27843267	1475	1486	bacteriuria	T047	C0004659
27843267	1488	1499	Bacteriuria	T047	C0004659
27843267	1505	1511	common	T081	C0205214
27843267	1512	1519	finding	T033	C0243095
27843267	1523	1531	patients	T101	C0030705
27843267	1537	1548	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27843267	1549	1552	BPH	T191	C1704272
27843267	1573	1591	bacterial isolates	T123	C3494793
27843267	1599	1603	high	T080	C0205250
27843267	1604	1609	level	T080	C0441889
27843267	1613	1623	resistance	T169	C4281815
27843267	1627	1631	oral	T082	C0442027
27843267	1632	1646	cephalosporins	T109,T195	C3536856
27843267	1651	1667	fluoroquinolones	T109,T121	C0949665
27843267	1680	1684	need	T080	C0027552
27843267	1688	1694	update	T079	C1519814
27843267	1695	1705	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27843267	1709	1716	empiric	T080	C1880496
27843267	1717	1723	use of	T169	C1524063
27843267	1724	1735	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27843267	1744	1749	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27843267	1753	1761	patients	T101	C0030705

27843457|t|CCR2 Positive Exosome Released by Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppresses Macrophage Functions and Alleviates Ischemia / Reperfusion - Induced Renal Injury
27843457|a|Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes have been shown to have protective effects on the kidney in ischemia / reperfusion - induced renal injury. However, the key components in the exosomes and their potential mechanisms for the kidney protective effects are not well understood. In our current study, we focused on the abundant proteins in exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC - exo) and found that the C-C motif chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) was expressed on MSC - exo with a high ability to bind to its ligand CCL2. We also proved that CCR2 high- expressed MSC - exo could reduce the concentration of free CCL2 and suppress its functions to recruit or activate macrophage. Further, knockdown of CCR2 expression on the MSC - exo greatly abolished these effects. Finally, we also found that CCR2 knockdown impaired the protective effects of MSC - exo for the renal ischemia / reperfusion injury in mouse. The results indicate that CCR2 expressed on MSC - exo may play a key role in inflammation regulation and renal injury repair by acting as a decoy to suppress CCL2 activity. Our study may cast new light on understanding the functions of the MSC - exo and these receptor proteins expressed on exosomes.
27843457	0	4	CCR2	T116,T192	C1670098
27843457	14	21	Exosome	T026	C2350332
27843457	34	56	Mesenchymal Stem Cells	T025	C1257975
27843457	57	67	Suppresses	T169	C1260953
27843457	68	78	Macrophage	T025	C0024432
27843457	93	103	Alleviates	T080	C0392756
27843457	104	112	Ischemia	T046	C0022116
27843457	115	126	Reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27843457	129	149	Induced Renal Injury	T037	C0160420
27843457	150	172	Mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
27843457	174	178	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27843457	188	196	exosomes	T026	C2350332
27843457	221	239	protective effects	T080	C1280500
27843457	247	253	kidney	T023	C0022646
27843457	257	265	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27843457	268	279	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
27843457	282	302	induced renal injury	T037	C0160420
27843457	321	331	components	T077	C1705248
27843457	339	347	exosomes	T026	C2350332
27843457	358	367	potential	T080	C3245505
27843457	368	378	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27843457	387	393	kidney	T023	C0022646
27843457	394	412	protective effects	T080	C1280500
27843457	453	458	study	T062	C2603343
27843457	478	486	abundant	T080	C2346714
27843457	487	495	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27843457	499	507	exosomes	T026	C2350332
27843457	521	525	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27843457	527	530	MSC	T025	C1257975
27843457	533	536	exo	T026	C2350332
27843457	557	587	C-C motif chemokine receptor-2	T116,T192	C1670098
27843457	589	593	CCR2	T116,T192	C1670098
27843457	599	608	expressed	T045	C1171362
27843457	612	615	MSC	T025	C1257975
27843457	618	621	exo	T026	C2350332
27843457	634	641	ability	T032	C0085732
27843457	645	668	bind to its ligand CCL2	T044	C3158903
27843457	690	694	CCR2	T116,T192	C1670098
27843457	701	710	expressed	T045	C1171362
27843457	711	714	MSC	T025	C1257975
27843457	717	720	exo	T026	C2350332
27843457	738	751	concentration	T081	C1446561
27843457	760	764	CCL2	T116,T129	C1452297
27843457	769	777	suppress	T169	C1260953
27843457	806	825	activate macrophage	T043	C0024426
27843457	836	845	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27843457	849	853	CCR2	T028	C1413188
27843457	854	864	expression	T045	C0017262
27843457	872	875	MSC	T025	C1257975
27843457	878	881	exo	T026	C2350332
27843457	906	913	effects	T080	C1280500
27843457	943	947	CCR2	T028	C1413188
27843457	948	957	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27843457	958	966	impaired	T169	C0221099
27843457	971	989	protective effects	T080	C1280500
27843457	993	996	MSC	T025	C1257975
27843457	999	1002	exo	T026	C2350332
27843457	1011	1025	renal ischemia	T047	C0920646
27843457	1028	1046	reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
27843457	1050	1055	mouse	T015	C0025929
27843457	1061	1068	results	T169	C1274040
27843457	1069	1077	indicate	T033	C1444656
27843457	1083	1087	CCR2	T116,T192	C1670098
27843457	1088	1097	expressed	T045	C1171362
27843457	1101	1104	MSC	T025	C1257975
27843457	1107	1110	exo	T026	C2350332
27843457	1134	1146	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27843457	1147	1157	regulation	T038	C1327622
27843457	1162	1181	renal injury repair	T040	C0043240
27843457	1206	1214	suppress	T169	C1260953
27843457	1215	1228	CCL2 activity	T044	C1537044
27843457	1234	1239	study	T062	C2603343
27843457	1280	1289	functions	T169	C0542341
27843457	1297	1300	MSC	T025	C1257975
27843457	1303	1306	exo	T026	C2350332
27843457	1317	1334	receptor proteins	T116,T192	C0597357
27843457	1335	1344	expressed	T045	C1171362
27843457	1348	1356	exosomes	T026	C2350332

27844448|t|miR-27b inhibits gastric cancer metastasis by targeting NR2F2
27844448|a|Increasing attention is focused on the down-regulation of miRNAs in cancer process. Nuclear receptor subfamily 2 (NR2F2, also known as COUP-TFII) is involved in the development of many types of cancers, but its role in gastric cancer remains elusive. In this experiment, oncomine and Kaplan-meier database revealed that NR2F2 was up-regulated in gastric cancer and that the high NR2F2 expression contributed to poor survival. MicroRNA-27b was targeted and down-regulated by NR2F2 in human gastric cancer tissues and cells. The ectopic expression of miR-27b inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Assays suggested that the overexpression of miR-27b could promote MGC-803 cells ' migration and invasion and retard their metastasis to the liver. In addition, down-regulation of miR-27b enhanced GES-1 cells ' proliferation and metastasis in vitro. These findings reveal that miR-27b is a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer and a biomarker for improving patients ' survival.
27844448	0	7	miR-27b	T028	C1537730
27844448	8	16	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27844448	17	31	gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27844448	32	42	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27844448	46	55	targeting	T169	C1521840
27844448	56	61	NR2F2	T116,T192	C1506576
27844448	62	72	Increasing	T169	C0442808
27844448	73	82	attention	T041	C0004268
27844448	101	116	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
27844448	120	126	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27844448	130	144	cancer process	T191	C0007097
27844448	146	174	Nuclear receptor subfamily 2	T116,T192	C1506576
27844448	176	181	NR2F2	T116,T192	C1506576
27844448	197	206	COUP-TFII	T116,T192	C1506576
27844448	211	219	involved	T169	C1314939
27844448	227	238	development	T169	C1527148
27844448	247	252	types	T080	C0332307
27844448	256	263	cancers	T191	C0007097
27844448	273	277	role	T077	C1705810
27844448	281	295	gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27844448	321	331	experiment	T062	C0681814
27844448	333	341	oncomine	T170	C0242356
27844448	346	367	Kaplan-meier database	T170	C0242356
27844448	368	376	revealed	T080	C0443289
27844448	382	387	NR2F2	T116,T192	C1506576
27844448	392	404	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27844448	408	422	gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27844448	436	440	high	T080	C0205250
27844448	441	446	NR2F2	T116,T192	C1506576
27844448	447	457	expression	T045	C1171362
27844448	458	469	contributed	T052	C1880177
27844448	473	477	poor	T080	C0542537
27844448	478	486	survival	T081	C0038954
27844448	488	500	MicroRNA-27b	T028	C1537730
27844448	505	513	targeted	T169	C1521840
27844448	518	532	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27844448	536	541	NR2F2	T116,T192	C1506576
27844448	545	550	human	T016	C0086418
27844448	551	565	gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27844448	566	573	tissues	T024	C0040300
27844448	578	583	cells	T025	C1518174
27844448	589	607	ectopic expression	T045	C1512167
27844448	611	618	miR-27b	T028	C1537730
27844448	619	628	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27844448	629	643	gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27844448	644	662	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27844448	667	679	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27844448	680	688	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27844448	693	700	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27844448	702	708	Assays	T059	C0005507
27844448	709	718	suggested	T078	C1705535
27844448	728	742	overexpression	T045	C0017262
27844448	746	753	miR-27b	T028	C1537730
27844448	760	767	promote	T052	C0033414
27844448	768	781	MGC-803 cells	T025	C0007634
27844448	784	793	migration	T043	C1622501
27844448	798	806	invasion	T046	C2699153
27844448	811	817	retard	T080	C0521111
27844448	824	834	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27844448	842	847	liver	T023	C0023884
27844448	862	877	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
27844448	881	888	miR-27b	T028	C1537730
27844448	898	909	GES-1 cells	T025	C0007634
27844448	912	925	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27844448	930	940	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27844448	941	949	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27844448	957	965	findings	T033	C0243095
27844448	966	972	reveal	T080	C0443289
27844448	978	985	miR-27b	T028	C1537730
27844448	991	1007	tumor suppressor	T028	C0079427
27844448	1011	1025	gastric cancer	T191	C0699791
27844448	1032	1041	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27844448	1046	1055	improving	T080	C1272745
27844448	1056	1064	patients	T101	C0030705
27844448	1067	1075	survival	T081	C0038954

27845220|t|Staged Fowler-Stephens and Single-stage Laparoscopic Orchiopexy for Intra-abdominal Testes: Is There a Difference? A Single Institution Experience
27845220|a|To compare single-stage laparoscopic orchiopexy (SSLO) and staged Fowler-Stephens (SFS) procedures in the management of intra-abdominal undescended testes, and to analyze postoperative atrophy and malpositioning as end points. A retrospective chart review identified laparoscopic orchiopexy patients with intra-abdominal testes between November 2006 and November 2014. Of 167 patients who had laparoscopic orchiopexy, 73 (85 testes) were identified as having laparoscopic orchiopexy. Baseline characteristics, as well as testicular scrotal position and size at follow-up, were recorded. Regression analysis was performed to compare outcomes between patients who underwent SFS and SSLO. Of the 85 laparoscopic orchiopexies, 35 underwent SFS and 50 had SSLO. Patient demographics were comparable in both groups. The median age at surgery was 12 months (5-151 months), and the average follow-up was 17.3 months. On follow-up, there were 0 recorded cases of SFS patients with abnormally positioned testes postoperatively, whereas there were 10 (20.0%) SSLO patients who had abnormally positioned testes (odds ratio: 0.05, 95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.44). Differences in atrophy rates were not significant. These results suggest that there may be no difference between the 2 approaches in terms of postoperative atrophy. However, the SFS appears to be more successful in securing a favorable scrotal position. Atrophy does not seem to be associated with other patient factors. Prospective, randomized studies are indicated to further explore outcome differences between the 2 approaches.
27845220	0	22	Staged Fowler-Stephens	UnknownType	C0403250
27845220	27	63	Single-stage Laparoscopic Orchiopexy	T061	C2717780
27845220	68	90	Intra-abdominal Testes	T019	C3494955
27845220	117	146	Single Institution Experience	T093	C2607850
27845220	158	194	single-stage laparoscopic orchiopexy	T061	C2717780
27845220	196	200	SSLO	T061	C2717780
27845220	206	245	staged Fowler-Stephens (SFS) procedures	UnknownType	C0403250
27845220	253	263	management	T058	C0376636
27845220	267	301	intra-abdominal undescended testes	T019	C3494955
27845220	310	317	analyze	T062	C0936012
27845220	318	331	postoperative	T033	C0241311
27845220	332	339	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27845220	344	358	malpositioning	T082	C0333042
27845220	376	402	retrospective chart review	T062	C0035363
27845220	414	437	laparoscopic orchiopexy	T061	C2717780
27845220	438	446	patients	T101	C0030705
27845220	452	474	intra-abdominal testes	T019	C3494955
27845220	523	531	patients	T101	C0030705
27845220	540	563	laparoscopic orchiopexy	T061	C2717780
27845220	572	578	testes	T023	C0039597
27845220	606	629	laparoscopic orchiopexy	T061	C2717780
27845220	631	639	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27845220	640	655	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27845220	668	678	testicular	T023	C0039597
27845220	679	695	scrotal position	T190	C4022542
27845220	700	704	size	T082	C0456389
27845220	708	717	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27845220	734	753	Regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27845220	779	787	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27845220	796	804	patients	T101	C0030705
27845220	819	822	SFS	UnknownType	C0403250
27845220	827	831	SSLO	T061	C2717780
27845220	843	868	laparoscopic orchiopexies	T061	C2717780
27845220	883	886	SFS	UnknownType	C0403250
27845220	898	902	SSLO	T061	C2717780
27845220	904	911	Patient	T101	C0030705
27845220	912	924	demographics	T090	C0011298
27845220	975	982	surgery	T169	C0038895
27845220	1029	1038	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27845220	1059	1068	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27845220	1101	1104	SFS	UnknownType	C0403250
27845220	1105	1113	patients	T101	C0030705
27845220	1119	1140	abnormally positioned	T082	C0333042
27845220	1141	1147	testes	T023	C0039597
27845220	1148	1163	postoperatively	T033	C0241311
27845220	1195	1199	SSLO	T061	C2717780
27845220	1200	1208	patients	T101	C0030705
27845220	1217	1238	abnormally positioned	T082	C0333042
27845220	1239	1245	testes	T023	C0039597
27845220	1247	1257	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27845220	1269	1288	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27845220	1317	1324	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27845220	1336	1351	not significant	T033	C1273937
27845220	1393	1406	no difference	T033	C3842396
27845220	1421	1431	approaches	T169	C1292724
27845220	1444	1457	postoperative	T033	C0241311
27845220	1458	1465	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27845220	1480	1483	SFS	UnknownType	C0403250
27845220	1538	1554	scrotal position	T190	C4022542
27845220	1556	1563	Atrophy	T046	C0333641
27845220	1584	1599	associated with	T080	C0332281
27845220	1606	1613	patient	T101	C0030705
27845220	1623	1634	Prospective	T062	C0033522
27845220	1636	1654	randomized studies	T062	C0034656
27845220	1688	1695	outcome	T080	C0085415
27845220	1722	1732	approaches	T169	C1292724

27845744|t|Promoting Healthy Growth or Feeding Obesity? The Need for Evidence -Based Oversight of Infant Nutritional Supplement Claims
27845744|a|The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) model recognizes growth in infancy and childhood as a fundamental determinant of lifespan health. Evidence of long-term health risks among small neonates who subsequently grow rapidly poses a challenge for interventions aiming to support healthy growth, not merely drive weight gain. Defining healthy growth beyond "getting bigger" is essential as infant and young child feeding industries expand. Liquid -based nutritional supplements, originally formulated for undernourished children, are increasingly marketed for and consumed by children generally. Clarifying the nature of the evidentiary base on which structure/function claims promoting " healthy growth " are constructed is important to curb invalid generalizations. Evidence points to changing social beliefs and cultural practices surrounding supplementary feeding, raising specific concerns about the long-term health consequences of an associated altered feeding culture, including reduced dietary variety and weight gain. Reassessing the evidence for and relevance of dietary supplements' " promoting healthy growth " claims for otherwise healthy children is both needed in a time of global obesity and an opportunity to refine intervention approaches among small children for whom rapid subsequent growth in early life augments risk for chronic disease. Scientific and health care partnerships are needed to consider current governmental oversight shortfalls in protecting vulnerable populations from overconsumption. This is important because we may be doing more harm than good.
27845744	0	9	Promoting	T052	C0033414
27845744	10	17	Healthy	T080	C3898900
27845744	18	24	Growth	T040	C0018270
27845744	28	35	Feeding	T052	C2987508
27845744	36	43	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27845744	49	53	Need	T080	C0027552
27845744	58	66	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27845744	87	93	Infant	T100	C0021270
27845744	94	116	Nutritional Supplement	T168	C0242295
27845744	128	171	Developmental Origins of Health and Disease	T170	C0282574
27845744	173	178	DOHaD	T170	C0282574
27845744	197	203	growth	T040	C0018270
27845744	207	214	infancy	T079	C0231330
27845744	219	228	childhood	T079	C0231335
27845744	261	269	lifespan	T102	C0870809
27845744	270	276	health	T078	C0018684
27845744	278	289	Evidence of	T169	C0332120
27845744	290	299	long-term	T079	C0443252
27845744	300	306	health	T078	C0018684
27845744	307	312	risks	T078	C0035647
27845744	319	324	small	T081	C0700321
27845744	325	333	neonates	T100	C0021289
27845744	351	355	grow	T067	C0870861
27845744	356	363	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27845744	386	399	interventions	T058	C1273869
27845744	418	425	healthy	T080	C3898900
27845744	426	432	growth	T040	C0018270
27845744	451	462	weight gain	T033	C0043094
27845744	473	480	healthy	T080	C3898900
27845744	481	487	growth	T040	C0018270
27845744	515	524	essential	T080	C0205224
27845744	528	534	infant	T100	C0021270
27845744	539	544	young	T079	C0332239
27845744	545	550	child	T100	C0008059
27845744	551	558	feeding	T052	C2987508
27845744	559	569	industries	T057	C0021267
27845744	578	584	Liquid	T167	C0302908
27845744	592	615	nutritional supplements	T168	C0242295
27845744	628	638	formulated	T168	C0016497
27845744	643	657	undernourished	T047	C0162429
27845744	658	666	children	T100	C0008059
27845744	672	684	increasingly	T169	C0442808
27845744	685	693	marketed	T057	C0683746
27845744	702	710	consumed	T052	C2983605
27845744	714	722	children	T100	C0008059
27845744	734	744	Clarifying	T052	C2986669
27845744	815	824	promoting	T052	C0033414
27845744	827	834	healthy	T080	C3898900
27845744	835	841	growth	T040	C0018270
27845744	863	872	important	T080	C3898777
27845744	906	914	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27845744	934	940	social	T169	C0728831
27845744	941	948	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27845744	953	961	cultural	T169	C0220814
27845744	962	971	practices	T041	C0237607
27845744	984	1005	supplementary feeding	T061	C0038847
27845744	1015	1023	specific	T080	C0205369
27845744	1024	1032	concerns	T078	C2699424
27845744	1043	1052	long-term	T079	C0443252
27845744	1053	1059	health	T078	C0018684
27845744	1060	1075	consequences of	T169	C0686907
27845744	1079	1089	associated	T080	C0332281
27845744	1090	1097	altered	T169	C0392747
27845744	1098	1105	feeding	T052	C2987508
27845744	1106	1113	culture	T169	C0220814
27845744	1125	1132	reduced	T080	C0392756
27845744	1133	1140	dietary	T168	C0012155
27845744	1141	1148	variety	T077	C2346866
27845744	1153	1164	weight gain	T033	C0043094
27845744	1166	1177	Reassessing	T052	C1516048
27845744	1182	1194	evidence for	T169	C0332120
27845744	1199	1208	relevance	T080	C2347946
27845744	1212	1232	dietary supplements'	T168	C0242295
27845744	1235	1244	promoting	T052	C0033414
27845744	1245	1252	healthy	T080	C3898900
27845744	1253	1259	growth	T040	C0018270
27845744	1283	1290	healthy	T080	C3898900
27845744	1291	1299	children	T100	C0008059
27845744	1308	1314	needed	T080	C0027552
27845744	1328	1334	global	T080	C2348867
27845744	1335	1342	obesity	T047	C0028754
27845744	1350	1361	opportunity	T062	C0683937
27845744	1372	1395	intervention approaches	T061	C0184661
27845744	1402	1407	small	T081	C0700321
27845744	1408	1416	children	T100	C0008059
27845744	1426	1431	rapid	T080	C0456962
27845744	1443	1449	growth	T040	C0018270
27845744	1473	1477	risk	T078	C0035647
27845744	1482	1497	chronic disease	T047	C0008679
27845744	1499	1509	Scientific	T090	C0036397
27845744	1514	1525	health care	T058	C0086388
27845744	1526	1538	partnerships	T092	C1711206
27845744	1543	1549	needed	T080	C0027552
27845744	1570	1582	governmental	UnknownType	C0680773
27845744	1629	1640	populations	T098	C1257890
27845744	1646	1661	overconsumption	T052	C0441655
27845744	1671	1680	important	T080	C3898777

27845771|t|The Novel miR-9600 Suppresses Tumor Progression and Promotes Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Through Altering STAT3 Expression
27845771|a|MicroRNAs have been identified to be involved in center stage of cancer biology. They accommodate cell proliferation and migration by negatively regulate gene expression either by hampering the translation of targeted mRNAs or by promoting their degradation. We characterized and identified the novel miR-9600 and its target in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our results demonstrated that the miR-9600 were downregulated in NSCLC tissues and cells. It is confirmed that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a putative target gene, is directly inhibited by miR-9600. The miR-9600 markedly suppressed the protein expression of STAT3, but with no significant influence in corresponding mRNA levels, and the direct combination of miR-9600 and STAT3 was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. miR-9600 inhibited cell growth, hampered expression of cell cycle -related proteins and inhibited cell migration and invasion in human NSCLC cell lines. Further, miR-9600 significantly suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. Similarly, miR-9600 impeded tumorigenesis and metastasis through directly targeting STAT3. Furthermore, we identified that miR-9600 augmented paclitaxel and cisplatin sensitivity by downregulating STAT3 and promoting chemotherapy - induced apoptosis. These data demonstrate that miR-9600 might be a useful and novel therapeutic target for NSCLC.
27845771	10	18	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	19	29	Suppresses	T169	C1260953
27845771	30	47	Tumor Progression	T191	C0178874
27845771	61	71	Paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27845771	72	83	Sensitivity	T080	C0205556
27845771	87	113	Non-small-cell Lung Cancer	T191	C0007131
27845771	122	130	Altering	T078	C1515926
27845771	131	136	STAT3	T028	C1367307
27845771	137	147	Expression	T045	C0017262
27845771	148	157	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	168	178	identified	T080	C0205396
27845771	197	209	center stage	T201	C1300072
27845771	213	227	cancer biology	T091	C1516164
27845771	246	264	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27845771	269	278	migration	T043	C1622501
27845771	282	292	negatively	T033	C0205160
27845771	293	317	regulate gene expression	T045	C0017263
27845771	342	353	translation	UnknownType	C0678935
27845771	357	371	targeted mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27845771	394	405	degradation	T169	C0243125
27845771	410	423	characterized	T052	C1880022
27845771	428	438	identified	T080	C0205396
27845771	449	457	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	466	472	target	T169	C1521840
27845771	476	481	human	T016	C0086418
27845771	482	508	non-small-cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27845771	510	515	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27845771	552	560	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	566	579	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27845771	583	588	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27845771	589	596	tissues	T024	C0040300
27845771	601	606	cells	T025	C0007634
27845771	629	679	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	T028	C1367307
27845771	681	686	STAT3	T028	C1367307
27845771	691	711	putative target gene	T028	C0017337
27845771	725	734	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27845771	738	746	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	752	760	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	770	780	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27845771	785	803	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27845771	807	812	STAT3	T028	C1367307
27845771	823	837	no significant	T033	C3694175
27845771	838	847	influence	T077	C4054723
27845771	865	869	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27845771	870	876	levels	T080	C0441889
27845771	908	916	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	921	926	STAT3	T028	C1367307
27845771	973	981	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	982	991	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27845771	992	1003	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27845771	1014	1024	expression	T045	C1171362
27845771	1028	1038	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
27845771	1048	1056	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27845771	1061	1070	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27845771	1071	1085	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27845771	1090	1098	invasion	T046	C2699153
27845771	1102	1107	human	T016	C0086418
27845771	1108	1113	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27845771	1114	1124	cell lines	T025	C0085983
27845771	1135	1143	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	1158	1168	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27845771	1169	1181	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27845771	1185	1194	nude mice	T015	C0025932
27845771	1207	1215	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	1224	1237	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621
27845771	1242	1252	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27845771	1270	1279	targeting	T044	C1148560
27845771	1280	1285	STAT3	T028	C1367307
27845771	1303	1313	identified	T080	C0205396
27845771	1319	1327	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	1338	1348	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27845771	1353	1362	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27845771	1363	1374	sensitivity	T080	C0205556
27845771	1378	1392	downregulating	T044	C0013081
27845771	1393	1398	STAT3	T028	C1367307
27845771	1413	1425	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27845771	1428	1435	induced	T169	C0205263
27845771	1436	1445	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27845771	1475	1483	miR-9600	T114,T123	C1101610
27845771	1512	1523	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27845771	1524	1530	target	T169	C1521840
27845771	1535	1540	NSCLC	T191	C0007131

27845854|t|On-Site Fertility Preservation Services for Adolescents and Young Adults in a Comprehensive Cancer Center
27845854|a|Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) receiving cancer treatments that may impair fertility should receive counseling about risk of infertility and options for fertility preservation (FP) before treatment and/or during survivorship. Our objective was to define the AYA patient population referred to an on-site fertility consultation service within a comprehensive cancer center and determine factors associated with patients proceeding with FP treatment. We conducted a retrospective chart review of AYA women who completed a consultation at the MD Anderson Fertility Preservation and Family Building Service during the first year of service. Records of 154 referred AYA patients were reviewed for age, ethnicity, cancer type gravidity and parity, survivorship status, and decision to pursue FP treatment. Patients (mean age 29.7) were Caucasian (55%), Hispanic (23%), and African American (10%). The majority of women (67%) were seen for FP before cancer treatment and the remaining sought options for family building while in survivorship. The most common cancer types were hematologic (29%), breast (25%), and gynecologic (23%). Patients referred to an on-site fertility consultation service were medically and ethnically diverse. Interest in fertility counseling and treatment was apparent in both survivorship pre- and postcancer treatment. Although the referral group was ethnically diverse, Caucasian women were most likely to pursue FP treatment compared to women of other ethnicities.
27845854	0	7	On-Site	T082	C0205145
27845854	8	39	Fertility Preservation Services	T061	C1171194
27845854	44	55	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27845854	60	72	Young Adults	T100	C0238598
27845854	78	105	Comprehensive Cancer Center	T093	C1708333
27845854	106	117	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27845854	122	134	young adults	T100	C0238598
27845854	136	140	AYAs	T100	C0027362
27845854	152	169	cancer treatments	T061	C0920425
27845854	179	195	impair fertility	T046	C0021359
27845854	211	221	counseling	T058	C0010210
27845854	228	247	risk of infertility	T033	C1171162
27845854	264	286	fertility preservation	T061	C1171194
27845854	288	290	FP	T061	C1171194
27845854	299	308	treatment	T061	C0087111
27845854	323	335	survivorship	T079	C0038955
27845854	341	350	objective	T170	C0018017
27845854	369	372	AYA	T100	C0027362
27845854	373	380	patient	T101	C0030705
27845854	381	391	population	T098	C1257890
27845854	407	445	on-site fertility consultation service	T058	C0009818
27845854	455	482	comprehensive cancer center	T093	C1708333
27845854	497	504	factors	T169	C1521761
27845854	521	529	patients	T101	C0030705
27845854	546	558	FP treatment	T061	C3839343
27845854	575	601	retrospective chart review	T062	C0035363
27845854	605	608	AYA	T100	C0027362
27845854	609	614	women	T098	C0043210
27845854	631	643	consultation	T058	C0009818
27845854	651	713	MD Anderson Fertility Preservation and Family Building Service	T058	C0018747
27845854	739	746	service	T057	C0557854
27845854	748	755	Records	T170	C0025102
27845854	772	775	AYA	T100	C0027362
27845854	776	784	patients	T101	C0030705
27845854	790	798	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27845854	803	806	age	T032	C0001779
27845854	808	817	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
27845854	819	830	cancer type	T033	C0872066
27845854	831	840	gravidity	T033	C0600457
27845854	845	851	parity	T033	C0030563
27845854	853	865	survivorship	T079	C0038955
27845854	866	872	status	T080	C0449438
27845854	897	909	FP treatment	T061	C3839343
27845854	911	919	Patients	T101	C0030705
27845854	941	950	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27845854	958	966	Hispanic	T098	C0086409
27845854	978	994	African American	T098	C0085756
27845854	1018	1023	women	T098	C0043210
27845854	1044	1046	FP	T061	C1171194
27845854	1054	1070	cancer treatment	T061	C0920425
27845854	1096	1103	options	T169	C1518601
27845854	1108	1123	family building	T058	C0009861
27845854	1133	1145	survivorship	T079	C0038955
27845854	1163	1175	cancer types	T033	C0872066
27845854	1181	1192	hematologic	T191	C0376545
27845854	1200	1206	breast	T191	C0678222
27845854	1218	1229	gynecologic	T191	C0699889
27845854	1237	1245	Patients	T101	C0030705
27845854	1261	1299	on-site fertility consultation service	T058	C0009818
27845854	1319	1329	ethnically	T080	C0243103
27845854	1330	1337	diverse	T080	C1880371
27845854	1351	1371	fertility counseling	T065	C1689849
27845854	1376	1385	treatment	T061	C0087111
27845854	1407	1419	survivorship	T079	C0038955
27845854	1420	1449	pre- and postcancer treatment	T061	C0920425
27845854	1464	1472	referral	T058	C0034927
27845854	1473	1478	group	T078	C0441833
27845854	1483	1493	ethnically	T080	C0243103
27845854	1494	1501	diverse	T080	C1880371
27845854	1503	1512	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27845854	1513	1518	women	T098	C0043210
27845854	1546	1558	FP treatment	T061	C3839343
27845854	1571	1576	women	T098	C0043210
27845854	1586	1597	ethnicities	T080	C0243103

27846331|t|Clinical Inquiry: Does knuckle popping lead to arthritis?
27846331|a|Habitual knuckle popping, or cracking (over the course of several decades) isn't associated with clinical or radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis.
27846331	0	16	Clinical Inquiry	T062	C0008972
27846331	23	30	knuckle	T030	C0025525
27846331	31	38	popping	T067	C0337040
27846331	47	56	arthritis	T047	C0003864
27846331	58	66	Habitual	T079	C0205353
27846331	67	74	knuckle	T030	C0025525
27846331	75	82	popping	T067	C0337040
27846331	87	95	cracking	T067	C0337040
27846331	139	154	associated with	T080	C0332281
27846331	155	163	clinical	T080	C0205210
27846331	167	179	radiographic	T070	C0444708
27846331	180	188	evidence	T078	C3887511
27846331	192	206	osteoarthritis	T047	C0263746

27846337|t|An Evolutionary Perspective on Basal Insulin in Diabetes Treatment: Basal Insulin in Primary Care
27846337|a|The DAWN2, HAT, and GAPP studies reaffirm that providers, patients, and family members experience numerous barriers to diabetes care, including the use of insulin. Strategies are provided as part of a shared decision-making process to help address some of the more common barriers experienced by patients.
27846337	3	27	Evolutionary Perspective	T078	C1254370
27846337	31	44	Basal Insulin	T116,T121	C0650607
27846337	48	56	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
27846337	57	66	Treatment	T169	C0039798
27846337	68	81	Basal Insulin	T116,T121	C0650607
27846337	85	97	Primary Care	T058	C0033137
27846337	102	107	DAWN2	T062	C0242481
27846337	109	112	HAT	T062	C0242481
27846337	118	130	GAPP studies	T062	C0242481
27846337	145	154	providers	T169	C1138603
27846337	156	164	patients	T101	C0030705
27846337	170	184	family members	T099	C0086282
27846337	196	204	numerous	T081	C0439064
27846337	205	213	barriers	T080	C0679881
27846337	217	225	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27846337	226	230	care	T052	C1947933
27846337	246	252	use of	T169	C1524063
27846337	253	260	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27846337	262	272	Strategies	T041	C0679199
27846337	299	329	shared decision-making process	T041	C3179495
27846337	370	378	barriers	T080	C0679881
27846337	394	402	patients	T101	C0030705

27846748|t|Beneficial effects of natural eggshell membrane (NEM) on multiple indices of arthritis in collagen-induced arthritic rats
27846748|a|This study was performed to evaluate the potential efficacy of natural eggshell membrane (NEM) in collagen-induced arthritic rats, a well-established rodent model of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. Rats with developing type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were treated once daily by oral gavage on study days -14 to 17 with vehicle or NEM (52 mg/kg body weight). Rats were euthanized on study day 17. Efficacy was assessed by daily ankle caliper measurements, ankle diameter expressed as area under the curve (AUCd0-17), and histopathologic evaluation of ankles and knees. Serum biomarkers of cartilage function and inflammation [collagen type II C-telopeptide (CTXII), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP), and alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M)] were measured by ELISA. Treatment with NEM resulted in significant beneficial effects on the daily ankle diameter measurements and ankle diameter AUC. Ankle and knee histopathology scores were significantly reduced (36% and 43% reduction of summed individual histopathology scores for ankle and knee, respectively; p < 0.05) toward normal for rats given NEM compared to vehicle controls. The percent reduction of serum CTXII, COMP, and A2M in NEM - treated rats ranged from 30% to 72% (p < 0.05). NEM significantly improved multiple aspects of inflammatory arthritis including inflammation, pannus, cartilage damage, bone resorption, and periosteal bone formation. This study provides further support for the use of CTXII, COMP, and A2M as relevant biomarkers that were responsive to NEM.
27846748	0	18	Beneficial effects	UnknownType	C0683156
27846748	22	47	natural eggshell membrane	T109,T121	C3651790
27846748	49	52	NEM	T109,T121	C3651790
27846748	77	86	arthritis	T047	C0003864
27846748	90	116	collagen-induced arthritic	T050	C0971858
27846748	117	121	rats	T015	C0034721
27846748	127	132	study	T062	C2603343
27846748	150	158	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27846748	163	181	potential efficacy	T080	C1280519
27846748	185	210	natural eggshell membrane	T109,T121	C3651790
27846748	212	215	NEM	T109,T121	C3651790
27846748	220	246	collagen-induced arthritic	T050	C0971858
27846748	247	251	rats	T015	C0034721
27846748	272	300	rodent model of inflammation	T050	C1519106
27846748	305	325	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
27846748	327	331	Rats	T015	C0034721
27846748	348	382	type II collagen-induced arthritis	T050	C0971858
27846748	384	387	CIA	T050	C0971858
27846748	407	412	daily	T079	C0332173
27846748	416	427	oral gavage	T169	C2698653
27846748	431	441	study days	T079	C2826182
27846748	457	464	vehicle	T122	C0042444
27846748	468	471	NEM	T109,T121	C3651790
27846748	482	493	body weight	T032	C0005910
27846748	496	500	Rats	T015	C0034721
27846748	506	516	euthanized	T062	C2983562
27846748	520	529	study day	T079	C2826182
27846748	534	542	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
27846748	547	555	assessed	T052	C1516048
27846748	559	564	daily	T079	C0332173
27846748	565	570	ankle	T029	C0003086
27846748	571	578	caliper	T074	C0175720
27846748	579	591	measurements	T169	C0242485
27846748	579	591	measurements	T169	C0242485
27846748	593	598	ankle	T029	C0003086
27846748	599	607	diameter	T081	C1301886
27846748	621	641	area under the curve	T081	C0376690
27846748	643	651	AUCd0-17	T081	C0376690
27846748	658	684	histopathologic evaluation	T091	C0677043
27846748	688	694	ankles	T029	C0003086
27846748	699	704	knees	T023	C0022742
27846748	706	711	Serum	T031	C0229671
27846748	712	722	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27846748	726	744	cartilage function	T042	C0231581
27846748	749	761	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27846748	763	793	collagen type II C-telopeptide	T059	C2825914
27846748	795	800	CTXII	T059	C2825914
27846748	803	838	cartilage oligomeric matrix protein	T059	C3715143
27846748	840	844	COMP	T059	C3715143
27846748	851	872	alpha-2-macroglobulin	T059	C0523483
27846748	874	877	A2M	T059	C0523483
27846748	885	893	measured	T080	C0444706
27846748	897	902	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27846748	904	913	Treatment	T169	C0039798
27846748	919	922	NEM	T109,T121	C3651790
27846748	935	965	significant beneficial effects	UnknownType	C0683156
27846748	973	978	daily	T079	C0332173
27846748	979	984	ankle	T029	C0003086
27846748	985	993	diameter	T081	C1301886
27846748	994	1006	measurements	T169	C0242485
27846748	1011	1016	ankle	T029	C0003086
27846748	1017	1025	diameter	T081	C1301886
27846748	1026	1029	AUC	T081	C0376690
27846748	1031	1036	Ankle	T029	C0003086
27846748	1041	1045	knee	T023	C0022742
27846748	1046	1067	histopathology scores	T034	C0428093
27846748	1073	1094	significantly reduced	T080	C0392756
27846748	1108	1117	reduction	T080	C0392756
27846748	1139	1160	histopathology scores	T034	C0428093
27846748	1165	1170	ankle	T029	C0003086
27846748	1175	1179	knee	T023	C0022742
27846748	1223	1227	rats	T015	C0034721
27846748	1234	1237	NEM	T109,T121	C3651790
27846748	1293	1298	serum	T031	C0229671
27846748	1299	1304	CTXII	T059	C2825914
27846748	1306	1310	COMP	T059	C3715143
27846748	1316	1319	A2M	T059	C0523483
27846748	1323	1326	NEM	T109,T121	C3651790
27846748	1329	1336	treated	T169	C1522326
27846748	1337	1341	rats	T015	C0034721
27846748	1377	1380	NEM	T109,T121	C3651790
27846748	1424	1446	inflammatory arthritis	T047	C0003864
27846748	1457	1469	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27846748	1471	1477	pannus	T046	C0333350
27846748	1479	1495	cartilage damage	T037	C0549421
27846748	1497	1512	bone resorption	T042	C0005974
27846748	1518	1543	periosteal bone formation	T042	C0231565
27846748	1550	1555	study	T062	C2603343
27846748	1596	1601	CTXII	T116	C0631180
27846748	1603	1607	COMP	T116,T123	C0601900
27846748	1613	1616	A2M	T116,T123	C0002198
27846748	1629	1639	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27846748	1664	1667	NEM	T109,T121	C3651790

27847549|t|Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial of a Hydrogen Peroxide -based Kit versus a Benzoyl Peroxide -based Kit in Mild-to-moderate Acne
27847549|a|Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a novel hydrogen peroxide -based regimen versus a benzoyl peroxide -based regimen in mild-to-moderate acne. Methods: In this eight- week multicenter study, patients were randomized to either a hydrogen peroxide -based or a benzoyl peroxide -based regimen .The primary outcome measure of clinical response was assessed using the Global Acne Grading System (GAGS) at baseline ,four weeks, and eight weeks. At Week 8, a patient self-satisfaction questionnaire was administered. Investigators were also queried at that time regarding assessment of tolerability and cosmetic acceptability. Tolerability was also measured at each visit. Results: Both treatment regimens were associated with improvement of GAGS score at Week 8 compared to baseline (p<0.0001). GAGS score did not differ significantly between the two regimens over the same period (p=0.7765). No significant adverse events were reported or observed in either treatment arm. Both patients and investigators found both regimens to be similarly effective and cosmetically acceptable. Conclusion: A novel hydrogen peroxide -based regimen was shown to be comparable in efficacy, safety, and cosmetic acceptability to a benzoyl peroxide -based regimen in the treatment of mild-to-moderate acne.
27847549	0	7	Results	T169	C1274040
27847549	13	24	Multicenter	T062	C1096776
27847549	26	36	Randomized	T062	C0034656
27847549	38	54	Controlled Trial	T170	C0936233
27847549	60	77	Hydrogen Peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27847549	85	88	Kit	T074	C0812225
27847549	98	114	Benzoyl Peroxide	T109,T121	C0005088
27847549	122	125	Kit	T074	C0812225
27847549	129	145	Mild-to-moderate	T080	C1299392
27847549	146	150	Acne	T047	C0702166
27847549	164	172	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27847549	177	185	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27847549	190	202	tolerability	T062	C3274448
27847549	214	231	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27847549	239	246	regimen	T061	C0040808
27847549	256	272	benzoyl peroxide	T109,T121	C0005088
27847549	280	287	regimen	T061	C0040808
27847549	291	307	mild-to-moderate	T080	C1299392
27847549	308	312	acne	T047	C0702166
27847549	314	321	Methods	T170	C0025663
27847549	338	342	week	T079	C0439230
27847549	343	360	multicenter study	T062	C1096776
27847549	362	370	patients	T101	C0030705
27847549	376	386	randomized	T062	C0034656
27847549	399	416	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27847549	429	445	benzoyl peroxide	T109,T121	C0005088
27847549	453	460	regimen	T061	C0040808
27847549	466	489	primary outcome measure	T080	C3274433
27847549	493	510	clinical response	T033	C4055223
27847549	515	523	assessed	T052	C1516048
27847549	534	560	Global Acne Grading System	T058	C1273712
27847549	562	566	GAGS	T058	C1273712
27847549	571	579	baseline	T081	C1442488
27847549	586	591	weeks	T079	C0439230
27847549	603	608	weeks	T079	C0439230
27847549	613	617	Week	T079	C0439230
27847549	623	630	patient	T101	C0030705
27847549	631	662	self-satisfaction questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27847549	667	679	administered	T169	C1521801
27847549	681	694	Investigators	T097	C0035173
27847549	705	712	queried	T170	C1522634
27847549	736	746	assessment	T058	C0220825
27847549	750	762	tolerability	T062	C3274448
27847549	767	775	cosmetic	T073	C0010164
27847549	776	789	acceptability	T080	C0814633
27847549	791	803	Tolerability	T062	C3274448
27847549	813	821	measured	T080	C0444706
27847549	830	835	visit	T058	C1512346
27847549	851	869	treatment regimens	T061	C0040808
27847549	875	890	associated with	T080	C0332281
27847549	891	902	improvement	T077	C2986411
27847549	906	916	GAGS score	T081	C0449820
27847549	920	924	Week	T079	C0439230
27847549	927	935	compared	T052	C1707455
27847549	939	947	baseline	T081	C1442488
27847549	960	970	GAGS score	T081	C0449820
27847549	1016	1024	regimens	T061	C0040808
27847549	1039	1045	period	T079	C1948053
27847549	1058	1087	No significant adverse events	T033	C1963761
27847549	1093	1101	reported	T058	C0700287
27847549	1105	1113	observed	T169	C1441672
27847549	1124	1137	treatment arm	T062	C1522541
27847549	1144	1152	patients	T101	C0030705
27847549	1157	1170	investigators	T097	C0035173
27847549	1182	1190	regimens	T061	C0040808
27847549	1207	1216	effective	T080	C1704419
27847549	1221	1233	cosmetically	T073	C0010164
27847549	1234	1244	acceptable	T080	C0814633
27847549	1266	1283	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27847549	1291	1298	regimen	T061	C0040808
27847549	1315	1325	comparable	T052	C1707455
27847549	1329	1337	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27847549	1339	1345	safety	T068	C0036043
27847549	1351	1359	cosmetic	T073	C0010164
27847549	1360	1373	acceptability	T080	C0814633
27847549	1379	1395	benzoyl peroxide	T109,T121	C0005088
27847549	1403	1410	regimen	T061	C0040808
27847549	1418	1427	treatment	T061	C0087111
27847549	1431	1447	mild-to-moderate	T080	C1299392
27847549	1448	1452	acne	T047	C0702166

27847720|t|Dilemmas of Korean Athletes With a Spinal Cord Injury to Participate in Sports: A Survey Based on the ICF Core Set for Spinal Cord Injury
27847720|a|To explore the experiences of athletes with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Korea with respect to dilemmas of participating in sports with regards to the facilitators and barriers, using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The facilitators and barriers to sports participation of individuals with SCI were examined using 112 ICF categories. A questionnaire in dichotomous scale was answered, which covered the subjects ' Body functions ', ' Body structures ', ' Activity and participation ' and ' Environmental factors '. Data analysis included the use of descriptive statistics to examine the frequency and magnitude of reported issues. Sixty-two community-dwelling participants were recruited. Frequently addressed barriers in ' Body functions ' were mobility related problems such as muscle and joint problems, bladder and bowel function s, pressure ulcers, and pain. In ' Activity and participation ', most frequently reported were mobility and self-care problems. Highly addressed barriers in ' Environmental factors ' were sports facilities, financial cost, transportation problems and lack of information. Relationships such as peer, family and friends were the most important facilitators. Numerous barriers still exist for SCI survivors to participate in sports, especially in the area of health care needs and environmental factors. Our results support the need for a multidisciplinary approach to promote sports participation.
27847720	0	8	Dilemmas	T068	C1510640
27847720	12	18	Korean	T098	C1556095
27847720	19	27	Athletes	T097	C0238703
27847720	35	53	Spinal Cord Injury	T037	C0037929
27847720	57	68	Participate	T058	C0514158
27847720	72	78	Sports	T056	C0038039
27847720	82	88	Survey	T170	C0038951
27847720	102	105	ICF	T170	C2370861
27847720	119	137	Spinal Cord Injury	T037	C0037929
27847720	153	164	experiences	T055	C0683573
27847720	168	176	athletes	T097	C0238703
27847720	182	200	spinal cord injury	T037	C0037929
27847720	202	205	SCI	T037	C0037929
27847720	210	215	Korea	T098	C1556095
27847720	232	240	dilemmas	T068	C1510640
27847720	244	267	participating in sports	T033	C0577515
27847720	288	300	facilitators	T080	C0205556
27847720	305	313	barriers	T080	C0205556
27847720	325	391	International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health	T170	C2370861
27847720	393	396	ICF	T170	C2370861
27847720	403	415	facilitators	T080	C0205556
27847720	420	428	barriers	T080	C0205556
27847720	432	438	sports	T056	C0038039
27847720	439	452	participation	T054	C0009476
27847720	456	467	individuals	T098	C0237401
27847720	473	476	SCI	T037	C0037929
27847720	482	490	examined	T033	C0332128
27847720	501	504	ICF	T170	C2370861
27847720	505	515	categories	T170	C0683312
27847720	519	532	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27847720	536	553	dichotomous scale	T080	C2827654
27847720	558	566	answered	T033	C1822111
27847720	586	594	subjects	T062	C0949543
27847720	597	611	Body functions	T039	C2370993
27847720	617	632	Body structures	T017	C0460148
27847720	638	646	Activity	T056	C0026606
27847720	651	664	participation	T054	C0009476
27847720	673	694	Environmental factors	T169	C1516998
27847720	698	711	Data analysis	T081	C0010998
27847720	732	754	descriptive statistics	T062	C1710191
27847720	770	779	frequency	T081	C1705502
27847720	784	793	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27847720	806	812	issues	T033	C0033213
27847720	824	842	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
27847720	843	855	participants	T098	C0679646
27847720	872	882	Frequently	T079	C0332183
27847720	893	901	barriers	T080	C0205556
27847720	907	921	Body functions	T039	C2370993
27847720	929	954	mobility related problems	T033	C0518456
27847720	963	969	muscle	T024	C0026845
27847720	974	988	joint problems	T033	C0575044
27847720	990	997	bladder	T042	C0232840
27847720	1002	1016	bowel function	T042	C0232611
27847720	1020	1035	pressure ulcers	T047	C0011127
27847720	1041	1045	pain	T184	C0030193
27847720	1052	1060	Activity	T056	C0026606
27847720	1065	1078	participation	T054	C0009476
27847720	1087	1097	frequently	T079	C0332183
27847720	1112	1120	mobility	T058	C0237081
27847720	1125	1134	self-care	T033	C3872897
27847720	1135	1143	problems	T080	C0205556
27847720	1162	1170	barriers	T080	C0205556
27847720	1176	1197	Environmental factors	T169	C1516998
27847720	1205	1222	sports facilities	T073	C0442570
27847720	1224	1238	financial cost	T081	C0010186
27847720	1240	1254	transportation	T073	C0348005
27847720	1268	1272	lack	T080	C0332268
27847720	1276	1287	information	T078	C1533716
27847720	1289	1302	Relationships	T080	C0439849
27847720	1311	1315	peer	T098	C0679739
27847720	1317	1323	family	T099	C0015576
27847720	1328	1335	friends	T098	C0079382
27847720	1360	1372	facilitators	T080	C0205556
27847720	1374	1382	Numerous	T081	C0439064
27847720	1383	1391	barriers	T080	C0205556
27847720	1398	1403	exist	T077	C2987476
27847720	1408	1411	SCI	T037	C0037929
27847720	1412	1421	survivors	T101	C0206194
27847720	1425	1436	participate	T058	C0514158
27847720	1440	1446	sports	T056	C0038039
27847720	1466	1470	area	T081	C0392762
27847720	1474	1485	health care	T058	C0086388
27847720	1486	1491	needs	T080	C0027552
27847720	1496	1517	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
27847720	1523	1530	results	T033	C0683954
27847720	1531	1538	support	T077	C1521721
27847720	1554	1571	multidisciplinary	T057	C0242479
27847720	1572	1580	approach	T082	C0449445
27847720	1584	1591	promote	T052	C0033414
27847720	1592	1598	sports	T056	C0038039
27847720	1599	1612	participation	T054	C0009476

27847809|t|Lack of Associations between XPC Gene Polymorphisms and Neuroblastoma Susceptibility in a Chinese Population
27847809|a|Neuroblastoma is one of the most malignant solid tumors in infants and young children. No more than 40% of neuroblastoma patients can survive for longer than five years after it has been diagnosed. XPC protein is a pivotal factor that recognizes DNA damage and starts up the nucleotide excision repair (NER) in mammalian cells. This makes up the first group to defend against the cancer. Previous studies have identified that XPC gene polymorphisms were associated with various types of cancer. However, the associations between XPC gene polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk have not yet been studied. We investigated the associations between three XPC gene polymorphisms (rs2228001 A>C, rs2228000 C>T, and rs2229090 G>C) and neuroblastoma risk with 256 neuroblastoma patients and 531 healthy controls in a Chinese Han population. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were used to access the association between these three polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk. No significant association was detected between these three polymorphisms and neuroblastoma risk in the overall analysis as well as in the stratification analysis. These results suggest that none of these three polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of neuroblastoma in the Chinese Han population.
27847809	29	37	XPC Gene	T028	C1421540
27847809	38	51	Polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27847809	56	69	Neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
27847809	70	84	Susceptibility	T032	C0220898
27847809	90	108	Chinese Population	T098	C0152035
27847809	109	122	Neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
27847809	142	151	malignant	T080	C0205282
27847809	152	164	solid tumors	T191	C0280100
27847809	168	175	infants	T100	C0021270
27847809	180	185	young	T079	C0332239
27847809	186	194	children	T100	C0008059
27847809	216	229	neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
27847809	230	238	patients	T101	C0030705
27847809	243	250	survive	T052	C0038952
27847809	272	277	years	T079	C0439234
27847809	296	305	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27847809	307	318	XPC protein	T116,T126	C0254230
27847809	332	338	factor	T169	C1521761
27847809	355	365	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
27847809	384	410	nucleotide excision repair	T045	C0524550
27847809	412	415	NER	T045	C0524550
27847809	420	429	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27847809	430	435	cells	T025	C0007634
27847809	489	495	cancer	T191	C0006826
27847809	506	513	studies	T062	C2603343
27847809	519	529	identified	T080	C0205396
27847809	535	543	XPC gene	T028	C1421540
27847809	544	557	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27847809	596	602	cancer	T191	C0006826
27847809	638	646	XPC gene	T028	C1421540
27847809	647	660	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27847809	665	678	neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
27847809	679	683	risk	T078	C0035647
27847809	702	709	studied	T062	C2603343
27847809	714	726	investigated	T169	C1292732
27847809	758	766	XPC gene	T028	C1421540
27847809	767	780	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27847809	782	795	rs2228001 A>C	T028	C0678941
27847809	797	810	rs2228000 C>T	T028	C0678941
27847809	816	829	rs2229090 G>C	T028	C0678941
27847809	835	848	neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
27847809	849	853	risk	T078	C0035647
27847809	863	876	neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
27847809	877	885	patients	T101	C0030705
27847809	894	901	healthy	T080	C3898900
27847809	902	910	controls	T096	C0009932
27847809	916	927	Chinese Han	UnknownType	C0814942
27847809	928	938	population	T098	C1257890
27847809	940	951	Odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27847809	960	980	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27847809	1037	1050	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27847809	1055	1068	neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
27847809	1069	1073	risk	T078	C0035647
27847809	1078	1089	significant	T078	C0750502
27847809	1106	1114	detected	T033	C0442726
27847809	1135	1148	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27847809	1153	1166	neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
27847809	1167	1171	risk	T078	C0035647
27847809	1187	1195	analysis	T062	C0936012
27847809	1214	1228	stratification	T062	C1514983
27847809	1229	1237	analysis	T062	C0936012
27847809	1245	1252	results	T033	C0683954
27847809	1286	1299	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27847809	1327	1331	risk	T078	C0035647
27847809	1327	1331	risk	T078	C0035647
27847809	1335	1348	neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
27847809	1356	1367	Chinese Han	UnknownType	C0814942
27847809	1368	1378	population	T098	C1257890

27847822|t|Multisensory Integration in the Virtual Hand Illusion with Active Movement
27847822|a|Improving the sense of immersion is one of the core issues in virtual reality. Perceptual illusions of ownership can be perceived over a virtual body in a multisensory virtual reality environment. Rubber Hand and Virtual Hand Illusions showed that body ownership can be manipulated by applying suitable visual and tactile stimulation. In this study, we investigate the effects of multisensory integration in the Virtual Hand Illusion with active movement. A virtual xylophone playing system which can interactively provide synchronous visual, tactile, and auditory stimulation was constructed. We conducted two experiments regarding different movement conditions and different sensory stimulations. Our results demonstrate that multisensory integration with free active movement can improve the sense of immersion in virtual reality.
27847822	0	24	Multisensory Integration	T040	C0679019
27847822	32	53	Virtual Hand Illusion	T048	C0020903
27847822	59	74	Active Movement	T040	C0231481
27847822	89	97	sense of	T041	C0025361
27847822	89	107	sense of immersion	T033	C0243095
27847822	137	152	virtual reality	T066	C0871582
27847822	154	174	Perceptual illusions	T048	C2052872
27847822	195	204	perceived	T041	C0030971
27847822	212	224	virtual body	T066	C0871582
27847822	230	242	multisensory	T061	C2585668
27847822	243	258	virtual reality	T066	C0871582
27847822	272	283	Rubber Hand	T074	C0025080
27847822	288	310	Virtual Hand Illusions	T048	C0020903
27847822	378	384	visual	T061	C0556861
27847822	389	408	tactile stimulation	T061	C0152054
27847822	455	479	multisensory integration	T040	C0679019
27847822	487	508	Virtual Hand Illusion	T048	C0020903
27847822	514	529	active movement	T040	C0231481
27847822	533	558	virtual xylophone playing	T066	C0871582
27847822	598	609	synchronous	T079	C0439580
27847822	610	616	visual	T061	C0556861
27847822	618	625	tactile	T061	C0152054
27847822	631	651	auditory stimulation	T061	C0001164
27847822	752	772	sensory stimulations	T061	C0150763
27847822	803	827	multisensory integration	T040	C0679019
27847822	838	853	active movement	T040	C0231481
27847822	870	878	sense of	T041	C0025361
27847822	879	907	immersion in virtual reality	T066	C0871582

27847836|t|Obstructive Acute Pancreatitis Secondary to PEG Tube Migration
27847836|a|Percutaneous gastrostomy is a well-established method of providing enteral nutrition to patients incapable of oral intake, or for whom oral intake is insufficient to meet metabolic needs. In comparison to total parenteral nutrition, enteral feeding is advantageous in that it helps maintain gut mucosal integrity, which decreases the risk of bacterial translocation through the gastrointestinal tract. Complications include bleeding, aspiration, internal organ injury, perforation, periostomal leaks, tube dislodgement, and occlusion. Acute pancreatitis secondary to percutaneous gastrostomy tube migration is rare. We present a patient with acute obstructive pancreatitis secondary to percutaneous gastrostomy tube migration.
27847836	0	11	Obstructive	T169	C0549186
27847836	12	30	Acute Pancreatitis	T047	C0001339
27847836	44	52	PEG Tube	T074	C2985542
27847836	53	62	Migration	T033	C0549474
27847836	63	87	Percutaneous gastrostomy	T061	C0176751
27847836	110	116	method	T169	C0449851
27847836	130	147	enteral nutrition	T061	C0014327
27847836	151	159	patients	T101	C0030705
27847836	160	169	incapable	T033	C1550518
27847836	173	184	oral intake	T033	C0518037
27847836	198	209	oral intake	T033	C0518037
27847836	213	225	insufficient	T080	C0231180
27847836	234	243	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27847836	244	249	needs	T080	C0027552
27847836	268	294	total parenteral nutrition	T061	C0030548
27847836	296	311	enteral feeding	T058	C0086225
27847836	354	357	gut	T023	C0699819
27847836	358	365	mucosal	T024	C0026724
27847836	366	375	integrity	T080	C1947912
27847836	397	401	risk	T078	C0035647
27847836	405	428	bacterial translocation	T043	C0282583
27847836	441	463	gastrointestinal tract	T022	C0017189
27847836	465	478	Complications	T046	C0009566
27847836	487	495	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27847836	497	507	aspiration	T046	C0700198
27847836	509	530	internal organ injury	T037	C0332675
27847836	532	543	perforation	T047	C0151664
27847836	545	562	periostomal leaks	T047	C0341600
27847836	564	581	tube dislodgement	T037	C1608950
27847836	587	596	occlusion	T046	C0028778
27847836	598	616	Acute pancreatitis	T047	C0001339
27847836	630	659	percutaneous gastrostomy tube	T074	C2985542
27847836	660	669	migration	T033	C0549474
27847836	692	699	patient	T101	C0030705
27847836	705	710	acute	T079	C0205178
27847836	711	722	obstructive	T169	C0549186
27847836	723	735	pancreatitis	T047	C0030305
27847836	749	778	percutaneous gastrostomy tube	T074	C2985542
27847836	779	788	migration	T033	C0549474

27848007|t|Transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve replacement: one-year results: Alternative to surgery in high-risk patients
27848007|a|Although rheumatic heart disease is becoming uncommon in industrialized countries, its global burden is still significant. We report the case of a 70-year-old male with rheumatic heart disease, who underwent 4 previous heart valve replacement surgeries, and presented to our hospital with refractory heart failure (NYHA functional class IV) due to severe stenosis of a previously implanted tricuspid bioprosthesis. The Heart Team deemed the patient as inoperable / high-risk for surgery. As an alternative, a transcatheter tricuspid valve-in-valve replacement was decided upon and later executed through the right femoral vein, with the insertion of an Edwards SAPIEN XT 29 no. (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) through the inferior vena cava, towards the RV, followed by direct implantation in the tricuspid bioprosthesis (valve-in-valve), under rapid pacing, without complications. A substantial clinical and echocardiographic improvement was noted after the procedure and the patient was subsequently discharged in NYHA functional class II. These favourable outcomes persisted through the 1-year follow-up period. This case report adds to the current body of evidence that tricuspid valve implantation stands as a viable and reliable alternative in the treatment of degenerated bioprosthesis in high-surgical-risk patients.
27848007	0	13	Transcatheter	T082	C0442343
27848007	14	50	tricuspid valve-in-valve replacement	T061	C0190119
27848007	52	60	one-year	T079	C4082117
27848007	61	68	results	T169	C1274040
27848007	70	81	Alternative	T077	C1523987
27848007	85	92	surgery	T061	C0543467
27848007	96	105	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27848007	106	114	patients	T101	C0030705
27848007	124	147	rheumatic heart disease	T047	C0035439
27848007	160	168	uncommon	T080	C0522498
27848007	172	196	industrialized countries	T080	C0282613
27848007	202	215	global burden	T170	C4277729
27848007	225	236	significant	T078	C0750502
27848007	241	247	report	T170	C0684224
27848007	252	256	case	T169	C0868928
27848007	262	273	70-year-old	T100	C0596728
27848007	274	278	male	T032	C0086582
27848007	284	307	rheumatic heart disease	T047	C0035439
27848007	325	333	previous	T079	C0205156
27848007	334	367	heart valve replacement surgeries	T061	C0087111
27848007	373	382	presented	T078	C0449450
27848007	390	398	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27848007	404	428	refractory heart failure	T047	C1281998
27848007	430	454	NYHA functional class IV	T047	C1536133
27848007	463	478	severe stenosis	T033	C3272258
27848007	484	494	previously	T079	C0205156
27848007	495	504	implanted	T061	C0021107
27848007	505	528	tricuspid bioprosthesis	T061	C0687710
27848007	534	544	Heart Team	T097	C1522486
27848007	556	563	patient	T101	C0030705
27848007	567	577	inoperable	T080	C0205187
27848007	580	589	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27848007	594	601	surgery	T061	C0543467
27848007	609	620	alternative	T077	C1523987
27848007	624	637	transcatheter	T082	C0442343
27848007	638	674	tricuspid valve-in-valve replacement	T061	C0190119
27848007	702	710	executed	T052	C1705848
27848007	729	741	femoral vein	T023	C0015809
27848007	752	761	insertion	T169	C1883719
27848007	768	785	Edwards SAPIEN XT	T074	C0025080
27848007	794	831	Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA	T093	C1708333
27848007	845	863	inferior vena cava	T023	C0042458
27848007	865	872	towards	T078	C3875150
27848007	877	879	RV	T023	C0225883
27848007	881	892	followed by	T079	C0332283
27848007	900	912	implantation	T061	C0021107
27848007	920	943	tricuspid bioprosthesis	T061	C0687710
27848007	945	959	valve-in-valve	T061	C0687710
27848007	968	973	rapid	T080	C0456962
27848007	990	1003	complications	T046	C0009566
27848007	1019	1027	clinical	T080	C0205210
27848007	1032	1049	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
27848007	1050	1061	improvement	T077	C2986411
27848007	1066	1071	noted	T080	C4288581
27848007	1082	1091	procedure	T061	C0184661
27848007	1100	1107	patient	T101	C0030705
27848007	1112	1124	subsequently	T079	C0332282
27848007	1139	1163	NYHA functional class II	T047	C1536133
27848007	1171	1190	favourable outcomes	T080	C0085415
27848007	1213	1236	1-year follow-up period	T033	C0420338
27848007	1243	1247	case	T169	C0868928
27848007	1248	1254	report	T170	C0684224
27848007	1267	1274	current	T079	C0521116
27848007	1283	1291	evidence	T078	C3887511
27848007	1297	1325	tricuspid valve implantation	T061	C0087111
27848007	1338	1344	viable	T080	C0443348
27848007	1349	1357	reliable	T170	C3858758
27848007	1358	1369	alternative	T077	C1523987
27848007	1377	1386	treatment	T169	C0039798
27848007	1402	1415	bioprosthesis	T061	C0687710
27848007	1419	1437	high-surgical-risk	T033	C0332167
27848007	1438	1446	patients	T101	C0030705

27848155|t|Differential Response of a Local Population of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Non-Native Herbivore Induced Plant Volatiles (HIPV) in the Laboratory and Field
27848155|a|Recent work has shown the potential for enhanced efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) through their attraction to herbivore induced plant volatiles. However, there has been little investigation into the utilization of these attractants in systems other than in those in which they were identified. We compared (E)-β-caryophyllene and pregeijerene in the highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) agroecosystem in their ability to enhance the attraction of EPN to and efficacy against the system's herbivore, oriental beetle (Anomala orientalis). The relative attractiveness of (E)-β-caryophyllene and pregeijerene to a local isolate of the EPN species Steinernema glaseri was tested in a six-arm olfactometer in the laboratory to gather baseline values of attraction to the chemicals alone in sand substrate before field tests. A similar arrangement was used in a V. corymbosum field by placing six cages with assigned treatments and insect larvae with and without compound into the soil around the base of 10 plants. The cages were removed after 72 h, and insect baits were retrieved and assessed for EPN infection. The lab results indicate that in sand alone (E)-β-caryophyllene is significantly more attractive than pregeijerene to the local S. glaseri isolate Conversely, there was no difference in attractiveness in the field study, but rather, native S. glaseri were more attracted to cages with G. mellonella larvae, no larvae, and cages with the blank control and G. mellonella larvae.
27848155	0	12	Differential	T080	C0443199
27848155	13	21	Response	T032	C0871261
27848155	33	43	Population	T098	C1257890
27848155	47	73	Entomopathogenic Nematodes	T204	C1704319
27848155	88	97	Herbivore	T008	C0562691
27848155	98	105	Induced	T169	C0205263
27848155	106	111	Plant	T002	C0032098
27848155	112	121	Volatiles	T120	C0443769
27848155	123	127	HIPV	T120	C0443769
27848155	136	146	Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27848155	151	156	Field	T070	C0162358
27848155	197	205	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27848155	206	214	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27848155	218	244	entomopathogenic nematodes	T204	C1704319
27848155	246	249	EPN	T204	C1704319
27848155	279	288	herbivore	T008	C0562691
27848155	289	296	induced	T169	C0205263
27848155	297	302	plant	T002	C0032098
27848155	303	312	volatiles	T120	C0443769
27848155	389	400	attractants	T123	C0083013
27848155	475	494	(E)-β-caryophyllene	T109,T121	C3253186
27848155	499	511	pregeijerene	T109	C1258659
27848155	519	537	highbush blueberry	T002	C1027331
27848155	539	559	Vaccinium corymbosum	T002	C1027331
27848155	561	574	agroecosystem	T070	C0162358
27848155	607	617	attraction	T080	C0205556
27848155	621	624	EPN	T204	C1704319
27848155	632	640	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27848155	662	671	herbivore	T008	C0562691
27848155	673	688	oriental beetle	T204	C3630954
27848155	690	708	Anomala orientalis	T204	C3630954
27848155	724	738	attractiveness	T080	C0205556
27848155	742	761	(E)-β-caryophyllene	T109,T121	C3253186
27848155	766	778	pregeijerene	T109	C1258659
27848155	790	797	isolate	T123	C1764827
27848155	805	808	EPN	T204	C1704319
27848155	809	816	species	T185	C1705920
27848155	817	836	Steinernema glaseri	T204	C1007119
27848155	861	873	olfactometer	T074	C3882246
27848155	881	891	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27848155	902	917	baseline values	T033	C0243095
27848155	921	931	attraction	T080	C0205556
27848155	939	948	chemicals	T103	C0220806
27848155	958	972	sand substrate	T167	C3891814
27848155	980	985	field	T070	C0162358
27848155	986	991	tests	T169	C0039593
27848155	1003	1014	arrangement	T078	C0242487
27848155	1029	1042	V. corymbosum	T002	C1027331
27848155	1043	1048	field	T070	C0162358
27848155	1064	1069	cages	T073	C0870239
27848155	1084	1094	treatments	T169	C1522326
27848155	1099	1112	insect larvae	T204	C0562676
27848155	1130	1138	compound	T103	C1706082
27848155	1148	1152	soil	T167	C0037592
27848155	1175	1181	plants	T002	C0032098
27848155	1187	1192	cages	T073	C0870239
27848155	1222	1234	insect baits	T131	C3824656
27848155	1267	1270	EPN	T204	C1704319
27848155	1271	1280	infection	T046	C3714514
27848155	1286	1297	lab results	T170	C3244125
27848155	1315	1319	sand	T167	C3891814
27848155	1326	1345	(E)-β-caryophyllene	T109,T121	C3253186
27848155	1368	1378	attractive	T080	C2346874
27848155	1384	1396	pregeijerene	T109	C1258659
27848155	1410	1420	S. glaseri	T204	C1007119
27848155	1421	1428	isolate	T123	C1764827
27848155	1468	1482	attractiveness	T080	C0205556
27848155	1490	1501	field study	T062	C0596572
27848155	1515	1521	native	T169	C0302891
27848155	1522	1532	S. glaseri	T204	C1007119
27848155	1543	1552	attracted	T080	C0205556
27848155	1556	1561	cages	T073	C0870239
27848155	1567	1587	G. mellonella larvae	T204	C0998468
27848155	1592	1598	larvae	T204	C0023047
27848155	1604	1609	cages	T073	C0870239
27848155	1619	1632	blank control	T167	C1550141
27848155	1637	1657	G. mellonella larvae	T204	C0998468

27848238|t|A Tractable Method for Measuring Nanomaterial Risk Using Bayesian Networks
27848238|a|While control banding has been identified as a suitable framework for the evaluation and the determination of potential human health risks associated with exposure to nanomaterials (NMs), the approach currently lacks any implementation that enjoys widespread support. Large inconsistencies in characterisation data, toxicological measurements and exposure scenarios make it difficult to map and compare the risk associated with NMs based on physicochemical data, concentration and exposure route. Here we demonstrate the use of Bayesian networks as a reliable tool for NM risk estimation. This tool is tractable, accessible and scalable. Most importantly, it captures a broad span of data types, from complete, high quality data sets through to data sets with missing data and/or values with a relatively high spread of probability distribution. The tool is able to learn iteratively in order to further refine forecasts as the quality of data available improves. We demonstrate how this risk measurement approach works on NMs with varying degrees of risk potential, namely, carbon nanotubes, silver and titanium dioxide. The results afford even non-experts an accurate picture of the occupational risk probabilities associated with these NMs and, in doing so, demonstrated how NM risk can be evaluated into a tractable, quantitative risk comparator.
27848238	2	11	Tractable	T080	C0205556
27848238	12	18	Method	T170	C0025663
27848238	23	32	Measuring	T080	C0444706
27848238	33	45	Nanomaterial	T073	C1450053
27848238	46	50	Risk	T078	C0035647
27848238	57	74	Bayesian Networks	T170	C3161035
27848238	89	96	banding	T061	C0185014
27848238	149	159	evaluation	T078	C1550157
27848238	185	194	potential	T080	C3245505
27848238	195	200	human	T016	C0086418
27848238	201	213	health risks	T061	C0679809
27848238	230	241	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27848238	242	255	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
27848238	257	260	NMs	T073	C1450053
27848238	296	310	implementation	T052	C1708476
27848238	385	389	data	T078	C1511726
27848238	391	404	toxicological	T038	C4042799
27848238	405	417	measurements	T169	C0242485
27848238	482	486	risk	T078	C0035647
27848238	503	506	NMs	T073	C1450053
27848238	516	531	physicochemical	T070	C2350461
27848238	532	536	data	T078	C1511726
27848238	538	551	concentration	T081	C1446561
27848238	556	570	exposure route	UnknownType	C0683172
27848238	603	620	Bayesian networks	T170	C3161035
27848238	635	639	tool	T169	C0449851
27848238	644	646	NM	T073	C1450053
27848238	647	651	risk	T078	C0035647
27848238	669	673	tool	T169	C0449851
27848238	677	686	tractable	T080	C0205556
27848238	688	698	accessible	T080	C0205556
27848238	703	711	scalable	T081	C0392762
27848238	759	763	data	T078	C1511726
27848238	791	798	quality	T080	C0332306
27848238	799	808	data sets	T170	C0150098
27848238	820	829	data sets	T170	C0150098
27848238	843	847	data	T078	C1511726
27848238	855	861	values	T081	C1522609
27848238	895	919	probability distribution	T081	C3826440
27848238	925	929	tool	T169	C0449851
27848238	1003	1010	quality	T080	C0332306
27848238	1014	1018	data	T078	C1511726
27848238	1063	1067	risk	T078	C0035647
27848238	1068	1079	measurement	T169	C0242485
27848238	1098	1101	NMs	T073	C1450053
27848238	1126	1130	risk	T078	C0035647
27848238	1131	1140	potential	T080	C3245505
27848238	1150	1166	carbon nanotubes	T104	C1138408
27848238	1168	1174	silver	T196	C0037125
27848238	1179	1195	titanium dioxide	T121,T197	C0076733
27848238	1221	1232	non-experts	T098	C0027361
27848238	1273	1277	risk	T078	C0035647
27848238	1314	1317	NMs	T073	C1450053
27848238	1353	1355	NM	T073	C1450053
27848238	1356	1360	risk	T078	C0035647
27848238	1368	1377	evaluated	T078	C1550157
27848238	1385	1394	tractable	T080	C0205556
27848238	1396	1408	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27848238	1409	1413	risk	T078	C0035647

27848412|t|Intravenous cannula site management
27848412|a|What was the nature of the CPD activity, practice-related feedback and/or event and/or experience in your practice? The CPD article provided information about safe and effective practice in intravenous cannulation, including indications for cannulation, appropriate cannulation sites, types and sizes of cannula, cannula maintenance, recognising and avoiding complications.
27848412	0	11	Intravenous	T082	C0348016
27848412	12	19	cannula	T074	C0520453
27848412	20	24	site	T082	C0449649
27848412	25	35	management	T052	C0024501
27848412	63	66	CPD	T057	C0871147
27848412	67	75	activity	T052	C0441655
27848412	77	102	practice-related feedback	UnknownType	C0681275
27848412	110	115	event	T051	C0441471
27848412	123	133	experience	T041	C0237607
27848412	142	150	practice	T169	C1522326
27848412	156	159	CPD	T057	C0871147
27848412	177	188	information	T078	C1533716
27848412	195	199	safe	T033	C0581560
27848412	204	213	effective	T080	C1704419
27848412	214	222	practice	T169	C1522326
27848412	226	249	intravenous cannulation	T058	C0398266
27848412	277	288	cannulation	T061	C0917707
27848412	302	319	cannulation sites	T082	C0449649
27848412	321	326	types	T080	C0332307
27848412	331	336	sizes	T082	C0456389
27848412	340	347	cannula	T074	C0520453
27848412	349	356	cannula	T074	C0520453
27848412	357	368	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27848412	395	408	complications	T046	C0009566

27848974|t|Differential expression of TGF-β superfamily members and role of Smad1 / 5 / 9 - signalling in chondral versus endochondral chondrocyte differentiation
27848974|a|Proteins of the transforming-growth-factor-β (TGF-β)- superfamily have a remarkable ability to induce cartilage and bone and the crosstalk of TGF-β - and BMP-signalling pathways appears crucial during chondrocyte development. Aim was to assess the regulation of TGF-β - superfamily members and of Smad2 / 3 - and Smad1 / 5 / 9 - signalling during endochondral in vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) relative to chondral redifferentiation of articular chondrocytes (AC) to adjust chondrocyte development of MSC towards a less hypertrophic phenotype. While MSC increased BMP4 and BMP7 and reduced TGFBR2 and TGFBR3 - expression during chondrogenesis, an opposite regulation was observed during AC - redifferentiation. Antagonists CHRD and CHL2 rose significantly only in AC - cultures. AC showed higher initial BMP4, pSmad1 / 5 / 9 and SOX9 protein levels, a faster (re-)differentiation but a similar decline of pSmad2 / 3 - and pSmad1 / 5 / 9 - signalling versus MSC - cultures. BMP-4 / 7 - stimulation of MSC -pellets enhanced SOX9 and accelerated ALP - induction but did not shift differentiation towards osteogenesis. Inhibition of BMP-signalling by dorsomorphin significantly reduced SOX9, raised RUNX2, maintained collagen-type-II and collagen-type-X lower and kept ALP-activity at levels reached at initiation of treatment. Conclusively, ALK1 ,2,3,6- signalling was essential for MSC - chondrogenesis and its prochondrogenic rather than prohypertrophic role may explain why inhibition of canonical BMP-signalling could not uncouple cartilage matrix production from hypertrophy as this was achieved with pulsed PTHrP -application.
27848974	13	23	expression	T045	C1171362
27848974	27	32	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27848974	33	44	superfamily	T077	C1883220
27848974	65	70	Smad1	T116,T123	C1566789
27848974	73	74	5	T116,T123	C0529859
27848974	77	78	9	T116,T123	C1566814
27848974	81	91	signalling	T038	C3537152
27848974	95	103	chondral	T082	C0442012
27848974	111	123	endochondral	T082	C1254362
27848974	124	151	chondrocyte differentiation	T043	C1817330
27848974	152	160	Proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27848974	168	196	transforming-growth-factor-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27848974	198	203	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27848974	206	217	superfamily	T077	C1883220
27848974	254	263	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27848974	268	272	bone	T023	C0262950
27848974	294	299	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27848974	306	329	BMP-signalling pathways	T044	C1155364
27848974	353	376	chondrocyte development	T043	C1817331
27848974	400	410	regulation	T038	C1327622
27848974	414	419	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27848974	422	433	superfamily	T077	C1883220
27848974	449	454	Smad2	T116,T123	C0528860
27848974	457	458	3	T116,T123	C0529120
27848974	465	470	Smad1	T116,T123	C1566789
27848974	473	474	5	T116,T123	C0529859
27848974	477	478	9	T116,T123	C1566814
27848974	481	491	signalling	T038	C3537152
27848974	499	511	endochondral	T082	C1254362
27848974	512	520	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27848974	521	535	chondrogenesis	T042	C0598067
27848974	539	564	mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27848974	566	569	MSC	T025	C3178844
27848974	583	591	chondral	T082	C0442012
27848974	613	622	articular	T030	C0022417
27848974	623	635	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27848974	637	639	AC	T025	C0225369
27848974	651	674	chondrocyte development	T043	C1817331
27848974	678	681	MSC	T025	C3178844
27848974	697	709	hypertrophic	T046	C0020564
27848974	710	719	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27848974	727	730	MSC	T025	C3178844
27848974	741	745	BMP4	T116,T123	C0530979
27848974	750	754	BMP7	T116,T123	C0083867
27848974	767	773	TGFBR2	T116,T192	C1506219
27848974	778	784	TGFBR3	T116,T192	C1700222
27848974	787	797	expression	T045	C1171362
27848974	805	819	chondrogenesis	T042	C0598067
27848974	833	843	regulation	T038	C1327622
27848974	864	866	AC	T025	C0225369
27848974	869	886	redifferentiation	T043	C0007613
27848974	888	899	Antagonists	T120	C0243076
27848974	900	904	CHRD	T116,T123	C1436410
27848974	909	913	CHL2	T116,T123	C1454907
27848974	941	943	AC	T025	C0225369
27848974	946	954	cultures	T059	C0007585
27848974	956	958	AC	T025	C0225369
27848974	981	985	BMP4	T116,T123	C0530979
27848974	987	993	pSmad1	T116,T123	C1566789
27848974	996	997	5	T116,T123	C0529859
27848974	1000	1001	9	T116,T123	C1566814
27848974	1006	1010	SOX9	T116,T123	C1569839
27848974	1011	1025	protein levels	T034	C0428479
27848974	1036	1056	(re-)differentiation	T043	C0007613
27848974	1082	1088	pSmad2	T116,T123	C0528860
27848974	1091	1092	3	T116,T123	C0529120
27848974	1099	1105	pSmad1	T116,T123	C1566789
27848974	1108	1109	5	T116,T123	C0529859
27848974	1112	1113	9	T116,T123	C1566814
27848974	1116	1126	signalling	T038	C3537152
27848974	1134	1137	MSC	T025	C3178844
27848974	1140	1148	cultures	T059	C0007585
27848974	1150	1155	BMP-4	T116,T123	C0530979
27848974	1158	1159	7	T116,T123	C0083867
27848974	1162	1173	stimulation	UnknownType	C0678668
27848974	1177	1180	MSC	T025	C3178844
27848974	1199	1203	SOX9	T116,T123	C1569839
27848974	1220	1223	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
27848974	1226	1235	induction	T045	C0014431
27848974	1278	1290	osteogenesis	T042	C0029433
27848974	1292	1302	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27848974	1306	1320	BMP-signalling	T044	C1155364
27848974	1324	1336	dorsomorphin	T109	C1871460
27848974	1359	1363	SOX9	T116,T123	C1569839
27848974	1372	1377	RUNX2	T116,T123	C1529564
27848974	1390	1406	collagen-type-II	T116,T123	C0009331
27848974	1411	1426	collagen-type-X	T116,T123	C0009339
27848974	1442	1454	ALP-activity	T044	C1149888
27848974	1490	1499	treatment	T169	C1522326
27848974	1515	1519	ALK1	T116,T126	C1504731
27848974	1528	1538	signalling	T038	C3537152
27848974	1557	1560	MSC	T025	C3178844
27848974	1563	1577	chondrogenesis	T042	C0598067
27848974	1586	1601	prochondrogenic	T033	C0243095
27848974	1614	1629	prohypertrophic	T033	C0243095
27848974	1651	1661	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27848974	1675	1689	BMP-signalling	T044	C1155364
27848974	1709	1725	cartilage matrix	T116,T123	C0054832
27848974	1742	1753	hypertrophy	T046	C0020564
27848974	1787	1792	PTHrP	T116,T125	C0070099

27849093|t|A rapid and clean synthetic approach to cyclic peptides via micro-flow peptide chain elongation and photochemical cyclization: synthesis of a cyclic RGD peptide
27849093|a|A cyclic RGD peptide was efficiently synthesized based on micro-flow, triphosgene-mediated peptide chain elongation and micro-flow photochemical macrolactamization. Our approach enabled a rapid (amidation for peptide chain elongation <5 s, macrolactamization <5 min) and clean (only one column chromatographic separation) synthesis of a cyclic peptide.
27849093	2	7	rapid	T080	C0456962
27849093	18	36	synthetic approach	T062	C1518961
27849093	40	55	cyclic peptides	T116	C0030957
27849093	60	95	micro-flow peptide chain elongation	T067	C1254366
27849093	100	125	photochemical cyclization	T070	C2350502
27849093	127	136	synthesis	T068	C0599100
27849093	142	148	cyclic	T116	C0030957
27849093	149	160	RGD peptide	T116,T123	C0052350
27849093	163	169	cyclic	T116	C0030957
27849093	170	181	RGD peptide	T116,T123	C0052350
27849093	219	276	micro-flow, triphosgene-mediated peptide chain elongation	T067	C1254366
27849093	281	324	micro-flow photochemical macrolactamization	T070	C2350502
27849093	349	354	rapid	T080	C0456962
27849093	370	394	peptide chain elongation	T067	C1254366
27849093	401	419	macrolactamization	T067	C1254366
27849093	448	481	column chromatographic separation	T075	C1705246
27849093	483	492	synthesis	T068	C0599100
27849093	498	512	cyclic peptide	T116	C0030957

27849409|t|Gender and Direction of Effect of Alcohol Problems and Internalizing Symptoms in a Longitudinal Sample of College Students
27849409|a|Alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms are consistently found to be associated but how they relate to each other is unclear. The present study aimed to address limitations in the literature of comorbidity of alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms by investigating the direction of effect between the phenotypes and possible gender differences in college students. We utilized data from a large longitudinal study of college students from the United States (N = 2607). Three waves of questionnaire-based data were collected over the first two years of college (in 2011-2013). Cross-lagged models were applied to examine the possible direction of effect of internalizing symptoms and alcohol problems. Possible effects of gender were investigated using multigroup modeling. There were significant correlations between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms. A direction of effect was found between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms but differed between genders. A unidirectional relationship varying with age was identified for males where alcohol problems initially predicted internalizing symptoms followed by internalizing symptoms predicting alcohol problems. For females, a unidirectional relationship existed wherein alcohol problems predicted internalizing symptoms. Conclusions/Importance: We conclude that the relationship between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms is complex and differ between genders. In males, both phenotypes are predictive of each other, while in females the relationship is driven by alcohol problems. Importantly, our study examines a population-based sample, revealing that the observed relationships between alcohol problems and internalizing symptoms are not limited to individuals with clinically diagnosed mental health or substance use problems.
27849409	0	6	Gender	T032	C0079399
27849409	11	20	Direction	T082	C0449738
27849409	24	30	Effect	T080	C1280500
27849409	34	50	Alcohol Problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	55	77	Internalizing Symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	83	102	Longitudinal Sample	T062	C0023981
27849409	106	122	College Students	T098	C0682177
27849409	123	139	Alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	144	166	internalizing symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	196	206	associated	T080	C0332281
27849409	220	226	relate	T080	C0439849
27849409	244	251	unclear	T033	C3845108
27849409	265	270	study	T062	C2603343
27849409	288	299	limitations	T169	C0449295
27849409	307	317	literature	T170	C0023866
27849409	321	332	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
27849409	336	352	alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	357	379	internalizing symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	383	396	investigating	T169	C1292732
27849409	401	410	direction	T082	C0449738
27849409	414	420	effect	T080	C1280500
27849409	433	443	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27849409	457	475	gender differences	T032	C0036866
27849409	479	495	college students	T098	C0682177
27849409	509	513	data	T078	C1511726
27849409	527	545	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
27849409	549	565	college students	T098	C0682177
27849409	575	588	United States	T083	C0041703
27849409	616	635	questionnaire-based	T170	C0034394
27849409	636	640	data	T078	C1511726
27849409	675	680	years	T079	C0439234
27849409	684	691	college	T073	C0557806
27849409	708	727	Cross-lagged models	T081	C2348012
27849409	765	774	direction	T082	C0449738
27849409	778	784	effect	T080	C1280500
27849409	788	810	internalizing symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	815	831	alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	842	849	effects	T080	C1280500
27849409	853	859	gender	T032	C0079399
27849409	865	877	investigated	T169	C1292732
27849409	884	903	multigroup modeling	T081	C0392762
27849409	916	927	significant	T078	C0750502
27849409	928	940	correlations	T080	C1707520
27849409	949	965	alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	970	992	internalizing symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	996	1005	direction	T082	C0449738
27849409	1009	1015	effect	T080	C1280500
27849409	1034	1050	alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	1055	1077	internalizing symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	1099	1106	genders	T032	C0079399
27849409	1125	1137	relationship	T080	C0439849
27849409	1151	1154	age	T032	C0001779
27849409	1174	1179	males	T032	C0086582
27849409	1186	1202	alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	1213	1222	predicted	T078	C0681842
27849409	1223	1245	internalizing symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	1258	1280	internalizing symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	1292	1308	alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	1314	1321	females	T032	C0086287
27849409	1340	1352	relationship	T080	C0439849
27849409	1369	1385	alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	1396	1418	internalizing symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	1465	1477	relationship	T080	C0439849
27849409	1486	1502	alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	1507	1529	internalizing symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	1533	1540	complex	T080	C0439855
27849409	1560	1567	genders	T032	C0079399
27849409	1572	1577	males	T032	C0086582
27849409	1584	1594	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27849409	1599	1609	predictive	T080	C0681890
27849409	1634	1641	females	T032	C0086287
27849409	1646	1658	relationship	T080	C0439849
27849409	1672	1688	alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	1707	1712	study	T062	C2603343
27849409	1724	1747	population-based sample	T081	C1709598
27849409	1777	1790	relationships	T080	C0439849
27849409	1799	1815	alcohol problems	T048	C0549393
27849409	1820	1842	internalizing symptoms	T041	C0871786
27849409	1862	1873	individuals	T098	C0027361
27849409	1879	1899	clinically diagnosed	T060	C0332140
27849409	1900	1913	mental health	T041	C0025353
27849409	1917	1939	substance use problems	T048	C0740858

27849546|t|Physical Stimulation -Based Osteogenesis: Effect of Secretion In Vitro on Fluid Dynamic Shear Stress of Human Alveolar Bone -Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
27849546|a|Human alveolar bone -derived mesenchymal stem cells (hABMSCs) are promising candidates for bone therapies, which have the capacity to differentiate into osteoblasts. Recently, secretion of inducible cytokines and growth factors from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been discovered, and we also have reported the osteogenic effects of cell physical stimulation. In this study, we investigated the effects of hABMSCs - conditioned secretion media (B-CSM) on osteogenic differentiation of hABMSCs in vitro. Furthermore, we analyzed the B-CSM by proteomics array to identify inducible factors which facilitate osteogenic differentiation. To determine optimal concentration, B-CSM was firstly added at varying amounts (5, 10, 20, 40, and 60%) relative to culture medium. The viability and proliferation of hABMSCs were higher after treating with 5-20% B-CSM to the cells, compared to 40-60%. In addition, the expression of stem cells markers CD146 and STRO-1 was increased in the cells treated with 5-20% B-CSM, but decreased with 40-60%. We also found that B-CSM promoted osteogenic differentiation of hABMSCs such as mineralized nodules were strongly generated by 5-20%. B-CSM was most effective in increasing the expression of Vinculin and osteocalcin (OCN) in osteogenic differentiation of hABMSCs. Taken together, the results of our study ultimately indicate that B-CSM from hABMSCs induced by physical stimulation induce the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hABMSCs.
27849546	0	20	Physical Stimulation	T068	C0031817
27849546	28	40	Osteogenesis	T042	C0029433
27849546	42	48	Effect	T080	C1280500
27849546	52	61	Secretion	T038	C0036536
27849546	62	70	In Vitro	T080	C1533691
27849546	74	100	Fluid Dynamic Shear Stress	T070	C1171318
27849546	104	109	Human	T016	C0086418
27849546	110	123	Alveolar Bone	T023	C1440080
27849546	133	155	Mesenchymal Stem Cells	T025	C1257975
27849546	156	161	Human	T016	C0086418
27849546	162	175	alveolar bone	T023	C1440080
27849546	185	207	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
27849546	209	216	hABMSCs	T025	C1257975
27849546	247	261	bone therapies	T061	C0947815
27849546	278	286	capacity	T081	C1516240
27849546	290	303	differentiate	T043	C1159974
27849546	309	320	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
27849546	332	341	secretion	T038	C0036536
27849546	345	354	inducible	T169	C0205263
27849546	355	364	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27849546	369	383	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
27849546	389	411	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
27849546	413	417	MSCs	T025	C1257975
27849546	470	480	osteogenic	T025	C0222677
27849546	481	491	effects of	T080	C1704420
27849546	492	496	cell	T025	C0007634
27849546	497	517	physical stimulation	T068	C0031817
27849546	537	549	investigated	T169	C1292732
27849546	554	564	effects of	T080	C1704420
27849546	565	572	hABMSCs	T025	C1257975
27849546	575	602	conditioned secretion media	T130	C0162518
27849546	604	609	B-CSM	T130	C0162518
27849546	614	640	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27849546	644	651	hABMSCs	T025	C1257975
27849546	652	660	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27849546	678	686	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27849546	691	696	B-CSM	T130	C0162518
27849546	700	716	proteomics array	T063	C1138433
27849546	729	738	inducible	T169	C0205263
27849546	739	746	factors	T169	C1521761
27849546	764	790	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27849546	805	812	optimal	T080	C2698651
27849546	813	826	concentration	T081	C1446561
27849546	828	833	B-CSM	T130	C0162518
27849546	846	851	added	T169	C1524062
27849546	863	870	amounts	T081	C1265611
27849546	908	922	culture medium	T130	C0010454
27849546	928	937	viability	T043	C0007620
27849546	942	955	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27849546	959	966	hABMSCs	T025	C1257975
27849546	985	993	treating	T169	C1522326
27849546	1005	1010	B-CSM	T130	C0162518
27849546	1018	1023	cells	T025	C1257975
27849546	1025	1033	compared	T052	C1707455
27849546	1062	1072	expression	T045	C1171362
27849546	1076	1086	stem cells	T025	C1257975
27849546	1087	1094	markers	T201	C0005516
27849546	1095	1100	CD146	T116,T129	C1457876
27849546	1105	1111	STRO-1	T129	C2003357
27849546	1116	1125	increased	T081	C0205217
27849546	1133	1138	cells	T025	C1257975
27849546	1139	1151	treated with	T169	C1522326
27849546	1158	1163	B-CSM	T130	C0162518
27849546	1169	1178	decreased	T081	C0205216
27849546	1211	1216	B-CSM	T130	C0162518
27849546	1226	1252	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27849546	1256	1263	hABMSCs	T025	C1257975
27849546	1272	1291	mineralized nodules	T033	C0243095
27849546	1306	1315	generated	T052	C3146294
27849546	1326	1331	B-CSM	T130	C0162518
27849546	1341	1350	effective	T080	C1704419
27849546	1354	1364	increasing	T169	C0442808
27849546	1369	1379	expression	T045	C1171362
27849546	1383	1391	Vinculin	T116,T123	C0085175
27849546	1396	1407	osteocalcin	T116,T123	C0029419
27849546	1409	1412	OCN	T116,T123	C0029419
27849546	1417	1443	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27849546	1447	1454	hABMSCs	T025	C1257975
27849546	1476	1483	results	T169	C1274040
27849546	1522	1527	B-CSM	T130	C0162518
27849546	1533	1540	hABMSCs	T025	C1257975
27849546	1552	1572	physical stimulation	T068	C0031817
27849546	1584	1597	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27849546	1602	1628	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C1159974
27849546	1632	1639	hABMSCs	T025	C1257975

27849637|t|Pneumonia, Intake Problems, and Survival Among Nursing Home Residents With Variable Stages of Dementia in the Netherlands: Results From a Prospective Observational Study
27849637|a|We explored how pneumonia and intake problems affect survival in nursing home residents in variable stages of dementia. In a longitudinal observational study (372 residents) with up to 3.5 years of follow-up, we examined relationships between dementia severity, the development of pneumonia, intake problems, and mortality using joint modeling, Cox models, and mediation analyses. Dementia severity was measured semiannually with the Bedford Alzheimer Nursing Severity-Scale (BANS-S). The median BANS-S score at baseline was 13 (range, 7 to 28). Pneumonia occurred in 103 (28%) and intake problems in 126 (34%) of 367 residents with complete registration of pneumonia and intake problems. Compared with dementia severity, incident pneumonia and, even more so, incident intake problems were more strongly associated with mortality risk. Pneumonia and intake problems both mediated the relationship between more severe dementia and mortality. Developing pneumonia and intake problems affects survival, and this is not limited to advanced dementia. The occurrence of pneumonia and intake problems are important signals to consider a palliative care approach in nursing home residents with dementia, and an active focus on advance care planning is needed. Future studies should investigate whether this is also relevant for patients in primary care.
27849637	0	9	Pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27849637	11	17	Intake	T169	C1512806
27849637	18	26	Problems	T033	C0033213
27849637	32	40	Survival	T081	C0038954
27849637	47	69	Nursing Home Residents	T098	C0682287
27849637	75	83	Variable	T080	C0439828
27849637	84	90	Stages	T079	C1306673
27849637	94	102	Dementia	T048	C0497327
27849637	110	121	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
27849637	138	169	Prospective Observational Study	T062	C1518527
27849637	186	195	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27849637	200	206	intake	T169	C1512806
27849637	207	215	problems	T033	C0033213
27849637	223	231	survival	T081	C0038954
27849637	235	257	nursing home residents	T098	C0682287
27849637	261	269	variable	T080	C0439828
27849637	270	276	stages	T079	C1306673
27849637	280	288	dementia	T048	C0497327
27849637	295	327	longitudinal observational study	T062	C1518527
27849637	333	342	residents	T098	C0682287
27849637	359	364	years	T079	C0439234
27849637	368	377	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27849637	391	404	relationships	T080	C0439849
27849637	413	421	dementia	T048	C0497327
27849637	422	430	severity	T080	C0439793
27849637	436	447	development	T169	C1527148
27849637	451	460	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27849637	462	468	intake	T169	C1512806
27849637	469	477	problems	T033	C0033213
27849637	483	492	mortality	T081	C0205848
27849637	499	513	joint modeling	T062	C0870071
27849637	515	525	Cox models	T081,T170	C0010234
27849637	531	549	mediation analyses	UnknownType	C0814912
27849637	551	559	Dementia	T048	C0497327
27849637	560	568	severity	T080	C0439793
27849637	573	581	measured	T080	C0444706
27849637	582	594	semiannually	T079	C0332181
27849637	604	644	Bedford Alzheimer Nursing Severity-Scale	T170	C0282574
27849637	646	652	BANS-S	T170	C0282574
27849637	666	672	BANS-S	T170	C0282574
27849637	673	678	score	T081	C0449820
27849637	682	690	baseline	T081	C1442488
27849637	716	725	Pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27849637	726	734	occurred	T052	C1709305
27849637	752	758	intake	T169	C1512806
27849637	759	767	problems	T033	C0033213
27849637	788	797	residents	T098	C0682287
27849637	803	811	complete	T080	C0205197
27849637	812	824	registration	T058	C1514821
27849637	828	837	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27849637	842	848	intake	T169	C1512806
27849637	849	857	problems	T033	C0033213
27849637	859	867	Compared	T052	C1707455
27849637	873	881	dementia	T048	C0497327
27849637	882	890	severity	T080	C0439793
27849637	892	900	incident	T067	C1551358
27849637	901	910	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27849637	930	938	incident	T067	C1551358
27849637	939	945	intake	T169	C1512806
27849637	946	954	problems	T033	C0033213
27849637	974	989	associated with	T080	C0332281
27849637	990	999	mortality	T081	C0205848
27849637	1000	1004	risk	T058	C0086930
27849637	1006	1015	Pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27849637	1020	1026	intake	T169	C1512806
27849637	1027	1035	problems	T033	C0033213
27849637	1054	1066	relationship	T080	C0439849
27849637	1080	1095	severe dementia	T048	C3494652
27849637	1100	1109	mortality	T081	C0205848
27849637	1122	1131	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27849637	1136	1142	intake	T169	C1512806
27849637	1143	1151	problems	T033	C0033213
27849637	1160	1168	survival	T081	C0038954
27849637	1197	1205	advanced	T080	C0205179
27849637	1206	1214	dementia	T048	C0497327
27849637	1220	1230	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27849637	1234	1243	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27849637	1248	1254	intake	T169	C1512806
27849637	1255	1263	problems	T033	C0033213
27849637	1268	1277	important	T080	C3898777
27849637	1278	1285	signals	T078	C0010439
27849637	1289	1297	consider	T078	C0750591
27849637	1300	1324	palliative care approach	T058	C3693860
27849637	1328	1350	nursing home residents	T098	C0682287
27849637	1356	1364	dementia	T048	C0497327
27849637	1373	1379	active	T169	C0205177
27849637	1380	1385	focus	T169	C1285542
27849637	1389	1410	advance care planning	T058	C0600371
27849637	1414	1420	needed	T080	C0027552
27849637	1422	1428	Future	T079	C0016884
27849637	1429	1436	studies	T062	C2603343
27849637	1444	1455	investigate	T169	C1292732
27849637	1477	1485	relevant	T080	C2347946
27849637	1490	1498	patients	T101	C0030705
27849637	1502	1514	primary care	T058	C0033137

27851729|t|In vivo genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 mediated homology-independent targeted integration
27851729|a|Targeted genome editing via engineered nucleases is an exciting area of biomedical research and holds potential for clinical applications. Despite rapid advances in the field, in vivo targeted transgene integration is still infeasible because current tools are inefficient, especially for non-dividing cells, which compose most adult tissues. This poses a barrier for uncovering fundamental biological principles and developing treatments for a broad range of genetic disorders. Based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology, here we devise a homology-independent targeted integration (HITI) strategy, which allows for robust DNA knock-in in both dividing and non-dividing cells in vitro and, more importantly, in vivo (for example, in neurons of postnatal mammals). As a proof of concept of its therapeutic potential, we demonstrate the efficacy of HITI in improving visual function using a rat model of the retinal degeneration condition retinitis pigmentosa. The HITI method presented here establishes new avenues for basic research and targeted gene therapies.
27851729	0	7	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27851729	8	22	genome editing	T063	C4279981
27851729	27	38	CRISPR/Cas9	T063	C1513384
27851729	48	89	homology-independent targeted integration	T063	C1513384
27851729	99	113	genome editing	T063	C4279981
27851729	118	128	engineered	T063	C0017387
27851729	129	138	nucleases	T116,T126	C0597094
27851729	162	181	biomedical research	T062	C0005540
27851729	206	227	clinical applications	T201	C0683325
27851729	266	273	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27851729	274	304	targeted transgene integration	T045	C1158478
27851729	341	346	tools	T063	C4279981
27851729	379	397	non-dividing cells	T025	C1512899
27851729	424	431	tissues	T024	C0040300
27851729	481	502	biological principles	T080	C0205460
27851729	518	528	treatments	T061	C0087111
27851729	550	567	genetic disorders	T047	C0019247
27851729	578	664	clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9) technology	T063	C1513384
27851729	683	740	homology-independent targeted integration (HITI) strategy	T063	C1513384
27851729	766	769	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27851729	770	778	knock-in	T062	C1517676
27851729	787	795	dividing	T025	C0230517
27851729	800	818	non-dividing cells	T025	C1512899
27851729	819	827	in vitro	T059,T062	C3850137
27851729	851	858	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27851729	876	883	neurons	T025	C0027882
27851729	887	896	postnatal	T079	C0443281
27851729	897	904	mammals	T015	C0024660
27851729	936	947	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27851729	948	957	potential	T080	C3245505
27851729	990	994	HITI	T063	C1513384
27851729	1008	1023	visual function	T040	C0042789
27851729	1032	1041	rat model	T008	C0599779
27851729	1049	1069	retinal degeneration	T046	C0035304
27851729	1080	1100	retinitis pigmentosa	T047	C0035334
27851729	1106	1117	HITI method	T063	C1513384
27851729	1161	1175	basic research	T062	C0681833
27851729	1180	1188	targeted	T169	C1521840
27851729	1189	1203	gene therapies	T061	C0017296

27851791|t|Investigating the Evolution of Ingroup Favoritism Using a Minimal Group Interaction Paradigm: The Effects of Inter - and Intragroup Interdependence
27851791|a|We investigated the effect of structural interdependencies between groups (especially inequality), and interdependencies between individuals on ingroup favoritism in minimal group situations. Previous research has attempted to determine whether ingroup favoritism is produced by categorization or intragroup interdependencies (reciprocation expectations), but recent literature suggests that it is not possible to tease these influences apart. We report two studies that investigate how ingroup favoritism evolves over time in social interaction. The levels of ingroup favoritism were affected by categorization and inequality, and the level of ingroup favoritism changed over time, increasing or decreasing depending on the nature of the initial intergroup structure. We conclude by providing two explanations for this change: emergent norms, and changes to the intergroup situation produced by interaction. Our experiments confirm the value of studying the evolution of minimal group behavior, especially for explaining why low status groups act to preserve intergroup inequalities.
27851791	0	13	Investigating	T169	C1292732
27851791	18	27	Evolution	T169	C0205245
27851791	31	49	Ingroup Favoritism	T054	C0205905
27851791	58	65	Minimal	T080	C0547040
27851791	66	71	Group	T098	C0687744
27851791	72	83	Interaction	T033	C0037420
27851791	84	92	Paradigm	T062	C0681797
27851791	98	105	Effects	T080	C1280500
27851791	109	114	Inter	T098	C0687744
27851791	121	131	Intragroup	T098	C0687744
27851791	132	147	Interdependence	UnknownType	C0680215
27851791	151	163	investigated	T169	C1292732
27851791	168	174	effect	T080	C1280500
27851791	189	206	interdependencies	UnknownType	C0680215
27851791	215	221	groups	T078	C0441833
27851791	234	244	inequality	T080	C0242503
27851791	251	268	interdependencies	UnknownType	C0680215
27851791	277	288	individuals	T098	C0237401
27851791	292	310	ingroup favoritism	T054	C0205905
27851791	314	321	minimal	T080	C0547040
27851791	322	327	group	T098	C0687744
27851791	328	338	situations	T054	C0748872
27851791	349	357	research	T062	C0035168
27851791	362	371	attempted	T051	C1516084
27851791	393	411	ingroup favoritism	T054	C0205905
27851791	427	441	categorization	T185	C0008902
27851791	445	455	intragroup	T098	C0687744
27851791	456	473	interdependencies	UnknownType	C0680215
27851791	475	501	reciprocation expectations	T078	C0679138
27851791	508	514	recent	T079	C0332185
27851791	515	525	literature	T170	C0023866
27851791	574	584	influences	T077	C4054723
27851791	595	601	report	T062	C0011000
27851791	606	613	studies	T062	C2603343
27851791	619	630	investigate	T169	C1292732
27851791	635	653	ingroup favoritism	T054	C0205905
27851791	667	671	time	T079	C0040223
27851791	675	693	social interaction	T033	C0037420
27851791	699	705	levels	T080	C0441889
27851791	709	727	ingroup favoritism	T054	C0205905
27851791	733	741	affected	T169	C0392760
27851791	745	759	categorization	T185	C0008902
27851791	764	774	inequality	T080	C0242503
27851791	784	789	level	T080	C0441889
27851791	793	811	ingroup favoritism	T054	C0205905
27851791	812	819	changed	T169	C0392747
27851791	825	829	time	T079	C0040223
27851791	831	841	increasing	T169	C0442808
27851791	845	855	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27851791	887	894	initial	T079	C0205265
27851791	895	915	intergroup structure	T102	C0018266
27851791	946	958	explanations	T170	C0681841
27851791	968	974	change	T169	C0392747
27851791	996	1003	changes	T169	C0392747
27851791	1011	1021	intergroup	T098	C0687744
27851791	1022	1031	situation	T054	C0748872
27851791	1044	1055	interaction	T033	C0037420
27851791	1061	1072	experiments	T062	C0681814
27851791	1073	1080	confirm	T080	C1456348
27851791	1107	1116	evolution	T169	C0205245
27851791	1120	1127	minimal	T080	C0547040
27851791	1120	1127	minimal	T080	C0547040
27851791	1128	1142	group behavior	UnknownType	C0680405
27851791	1159	1169	explaining	T170	C0681841
27851791	1174	1184	low status	T102	C0337787
27851791	1185	1191	groups	T098	C0687744
27851791	1208	1218	intergroup	T098	C0687744
27851791	1219	1231	inequalities	T080	C0242503

27851974|t|eFORGE: A Tool for Identifying Cell Type-Specific Signal in Epigenomic Data
27851974|a|Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) provide an alternative approach for studying human disease through consideration of non-genetic variants such as altered DNA methylation. To advance the complex interpretation of EWAS, we developed eFORGE (http://eforge.cs.ucl.ac.uk/), a new standalone and web-based tool for the analysis and interpretation of EWAS data. eFORGE determines the cell type - specific regulatory component of a set of EWAS -identified differentially methylated positions. This is achieved by detecting enrichment of overlap with DNase I hypersensitive sites across 454 samples (tissues, primary cell types, and cell lines) from the ENCODE, Roadmap Epigenomics, and BLUEPRINT projects. Application of eFORGE to 20 publicly available EWAS datasets identified disease - relevant cell types for several common diseases, a stem cell -like signature in cancer, and demonstrated the ability to detect cell - composition effects for EWAS performed on heterogeneous tissues. Our approach bridges the gap between large-scale epigenomics data and EWAS - derived target selection to yield insight into disease etiology.
27851974	0	6	eFORGE	T073,T170	C0037585
27851974	10	14	Tool	T073,T170	C0037585
27851974	31	56	Cell Type-Specific Signal	T043	C0037083
27851974	60	70	Epigenomic	T091	C2936263
27851974	71	75	Data	T078	C1511726
27851974	76	110	Epigenome-wide association studies	T063	C2350277
27851974	112	116	EWAS	T063	C2350277
27851974	154	162	studying	T062	C0008972
27851974	163	168	human	T016	C0086418
27851974	169	176	disease	T047	C0012634
27851974	202	222	non-genetic variants	T080	C0205419
27851974	239	254	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27851974	297	301	EWAS	T063	C2350277
27851974	316	322	eFORGE	T073,T170	C0037585
27851974	375	389	web-based tool	T073,T170	C0037585
27851974	398	406	analysis	T169	C1524024
27851974	429	433	EWAS	T063	C2350277
27851974	434	438	data	T078	C1511726
27851974	440	446	eFORGE	T073,T170	C0037585
27851974	462	471	cell type	T170	C0449475
27851974	474	482	specific	T080	C0205369
27851974	483	493	regulatory	T077	C1704735
27851974	494	503	component	T167	C0729650
27851974	516	520	EWAS	T063	C2350277
27851974	533	547	differentially	T080	C0443199
27851974	548	558	methylated	T044	C0376452
27851974	559	568	positions	T082	C0733755
27851974	590	599	detecting	T033	C0442726
27851974	614	621	overlap	T052	C2700387
27851974	627	634	DNase I	T116,T126	C0011519
27851974	635	655	hypersensitive sites	T086	C0004793
27851974	667	674	samples	T077	C2347026
27851974	676	683	tissues	T024	C0040300
27851974	685	692	primary	T080	C0205225
27851974	693	703	cell types	T170	C0449475
27851974	709	719	cell lines	T025	C0007600
27851974	730	736	ENCODE	T170	C0282574
27851974	738	757	Roadmap Epigenomics	T170	C0282574
27851974	763	781	BLUEPRINT projects	T170	C0282574
27851974	798	804	eFORGE	T073,T170	C0037585
27851974	830	834	EWAS	T063	C2350277
27851974	835	843	datasets	T170	C0150098
27851974	855	862	disease	T047	C0012634
27851974	865	873	relevant	T080	C2347946
27851974	874	884	cell types	T170	C0449475
27851974	897	903	common	T081	C0205214
27851974	904	912	diseases	T047	C0012634
27851974	916	925	stem cell	T025	C0038250
27851974	945	951	cancer	T191	C0006826
27851974	985	991	detect	T033	C0442726
27851974	992	996	cell	T025	C0007634
27851974	999	1010	composition	T201	C0486616
27851974	1011	1018	effects	T080	C1280500
27851974	1023	1027	EWAS	T063	C2350277
27851974	1041	1062	heterogeneous tissues	T024	C1179404
27851974	1113	1124	epigenomics	T091	C2936263
27851974	1125	1129	data	T078	C1511726
27851974	1134	1138	EWAS	T063	C2350277
27851974	1141	1148	derived	T080	C1441547
27851974	1149	1155	target	T169	C1521840
27851974	1156	1165	selection	T052	C1707391
27851974	1188	1204	disease etiology	T169	C1314792

27852582|t|Association between OCT -based microangiography perfusion indices and diabetic retinopathy severity
27852582|a|To evaluate the association between retinal capillary non-perfusion and diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity using optical coherence tomography-based microangiography (OMAG). 33 patients (51 eyes) with a history of diabetes underwent imaging with a 68 kHz Cirrus-5000 spectral domain OMAG prototype. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected. The perfusion index (PI) was defined as per cent coverage of area by retinal vessels with flow, measured within a minimum of 6.8×6.8 mm(2) OMAG scan. The PI in each ETDRS zone was analysed using an automated algorithm. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the degree of association between PI and DR severity. 51 eyes with different DR severities were imaged. More severe DR was significantly associated with lower PI after adjusting for logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes type and ETDRS ring in a multivariate mixed linear model. Compared with the none- mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) group, the moderate-severe NPDR group had 2.7 lower PI (p=0.03) and proliferative DR group had 4.3 lower PI (p=0.003). All ETDRS zones except for the foveal centre showed inverse associations between PI and DR severity (p values<0.001 to 0.862). A statistically significant inverse association exists between PI and DR severity. Our study suggests that PI may become a useful biomarker in evaluating and following the progression of DR.
27852582	20	23	OCT	T060	C0920367
27852582	31	47	microangiography	T060	C0596926
27852582	48	65	perfusion indices	T081	C2964282
27852582	70	90	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
27852582	91	99	severity	T080	C0439793
27852582	103	111	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27852582	136	167	retinal capillary non-perfusion	T047	C4049512
27852582	172	192	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
27852582	194	196	DR	T047	C0011884
27852582	198	206	severity	T080	C0439793
27852582	213	264	optical coherence tomography-based microangiography	T060	C0596926
27852582	266	270	OMAG	T060	C0596926
27852582	276	284	patients	T101	C0030705
27852582	289	293	eyes	T023	C0015392
27852582	302	321	history of diabetes	T033	C0455488
27852582	332	339	imaging	T060	C0011923
27852582	366	386	spectral domain OMAG	T074	C3876157
27852582	398	409	Demographic	T102	C0683970
27852582	414	438	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27852582	459	474	perfusion index	T081	C2964282
27852582	476	478	PI	T081	C2964282
27852582	504	512	coverage	T169	C1999244
27852582	516	520	area	T082	C0205146
27852582	524	539	retinal vessels	T023	C0035330
27852582	545	549	flow	T070	C0806140
27852582	594	603	OMAG scan	T060	C0596926
27852582	609	611	PI	T081	C2964282
27852582	620	625	ETDRS	T170	C3899277
27852582	626	630	zone	T082	C1710706
27852582	653	672	automated algorithm	T170	C0002045
27852582	674	684	Univariate	T062	C0683962
27852582	689	710	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
27852582	738	744	degree	T081	C0449286
27852582	748	759	association	T080	C0439849
27852582	768	770	PI	T081	C2964282
27852582	775	777	DR	T047	C0011884
27852582	778	786	severity	T080	C0439793
27852582	791	795	eyes	T023	C0015392
27852582	811	813	DR	T047	C0011884
27852582	814	824	severities	T080	C0439793
27852582	830	836	imaged	T060	C0011923
27852582	843	849	severe	T080	C0205082
27852582	850	852	DR	T047	C0011884
27852582	887	892	lower	T080	C0205251
27852582	893	895	PI	T081	C2964282
27852582	916	925	logarithm	T081	C2986775
27852582	933	960	minimum angle of resolution	T201	C2603363
27852582	961	989	best-corrected visual acuity	T033	C1690532
27852582	991	1006	hyperlipidaemia	T047	C0020473
27852582	1008	1021	diabetes type	T033	C1320657
27852582	1026	1031	ETDRS	T170	C3899277
27852582	1042	1073	multivariate mixed linear model	T081	C0023732
27852582	1099	1142	mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0730276
27852582	1144	1148	NPDR	T047	C0730276
27852582	1150	1155	group	T078	C0441833
27852582	1161	1176	moderate-severe	T080	C1299393
27852582	1177	1181	NPDR	T047	C0004606
27852582	1182	1187	group	T078	C0441833
27852582	1196	1201	lower	T080	C0205251
27852582	1202	1204	PI	T081	C2964282
27852582	1218	1234	proliferative DR	T047	C0154830
27852582	1235	1240	group	T078	C0441833
27852582	1249	1254	lower	T080	C0205251
27852582	1255	1257	PI	T081	C2964282
27852582	1273	1278	ETDRS	T170	C3899277
27852582	1279	1284	zones	T082	C1710706
27852582	1300	1313	foveal centre	T023	C0016622
27852582	1321	1328	inverse	T080	C0439850
27852582	1329	1341	associations	T080	C0439849
27852582	1350	1352	PI	T081	C2964282
27852582	1357	1359	DR	T047	C0011884
27852582	1360	1368	severity	T080	C0439793
27852582	1398	1423	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27852582	1424	1431	inverse	T080	C0439850
27852582	1432	1443	association	T080	C0439849
27852582	1444	1450	exists	T077	C2987476
27852582	1459	1461	PI	T081	C2964282
27852582	1466	1468	DR	T047	C0011884
27852582	1469	1477	severity	T080	C0439793
27852582	1503	1505	PI	T081	C2964282
27852582	1526	1535	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27852582	1539	1549	evaluating	T058	C0184781
27852582	1568	1579	progression	T046	C0242656
27852582	1583	1585	DR	T047	C0011884

27852687|t|Incidental EBV - positivity in paediatric post-transplant specimens demonstrates the need for stringent criteria for diagnosing post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
27852687|a|To examine the need for minimal diagnostic criteria for post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) in children, we sought to determine the rate of incidental Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)- positivity in tissues from organ transplant recipients (OTR). EBV in situ hybridisation (ISH) was done retrospectively on tissue from 34 paediatric autopsies of OTR and paediatric tonsillectomy specimens from non-OTR (96) and OTR (6). Patients with a history of PTLD were excluded from both data sets. EBV - positivity was found incidental ly in 2/34 autopsy cases (5.9%). Median time from transplant to death for all patients was 12.8 months (range 0.1-153 months). Median time between transplant and death in EBV - positive cases was 34 months. EBV was positive in 26/102 tonsils (25%). Among tonsils from OTR, 4/6 (67%) were EBV - positive. These findings reinforce the need for strict morphological and clinical criteria, other than EBV - positivity, when diagnosing PTLD in the paediatric population.
27852687	0	10	Incidental	T169	C0444507
27852687	11	14	EBV	T005	C0014644
27852687	17	27	positivity	T033	C1446409
27852687	31	67	paediatric post-transplant specimens	T167	C0370003
27852687	104	112	criteria	T078	C0243161
27852687	117	127	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
27852687	128	173	post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders	T191	C0432487
27852687	198	205	minimal	T080	C0547040
27852687	206	216	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27852687	217	225	criteria	T078	C0243161
27852687	230	275	post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders	T191	C0432487
27852687	277	281	PTLD	T191	C0432487
27852687	286	294	children	T100	C0008059
27852687	323	327	rate	T081	C1521828
27852687	331	341	incidental	T169	C0444507
27852687	342	360	Epstein-Barr virus	T005	C0014644
27852687	362	365	EBV	T005	C0014644
27852687	368	378	positivity	T033	C1446409
27852687	382	389	tissues	T024	C0040300
27852687	395	400	organ	T023	C0178784
27852687	401	422	transplant recipients	T101	C0376387
27852687	424	427	OTR	T101	C0376387
27852687	430	433	EBV	T005	C0014644
27852687	434	455	in situ hybridisation	T059	C0022885
27852687	457	460	ISH	T059	C0022885
27852687	471	486	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27852687	490	496	tissue	T024	C0040300
27852687	505	525	paediatric autopsies	T060	C0004398
27852687	529	532	OTR	T101	C0376387
27852687	537	571	paediatric tonsillectomy specimens	T023	C0586673
27852687	577	584	non-OTR	T101	C0030705
27852687	594	597	OTR	T101	C0376387
27852687	603	611	Patients	T101	C0030705
27852687	619	626	history	T033	C0262926
27852687	630	634	PTLD	T191	C0432487
27852687	659	668	data sets	T170	C0150098
27852687	670	673	EBV	T005	C0014644
27852687	676	686	positivity	T033	C1446409
27852687	697	707	incidental	T169	C0444507
27852687	719	726	autopsy	T060	C0004398
27852687	727	732	cases	T077	C1706256
27852687	741	752	Median time	T079	C2986586
27852687	758	768	transplant	T061	C0040732
27852687	772	777	death	T040	C0011065
27852687	786	794	patients	T101	C0030705
27852687	804	810	months	T079	C0439231
27852687	826	832	months	T079	C0439231
27852687	835	846	Median time	T079	C2986586
27852687	855	865	transplant	T061	C0040732
27852687	870	875	death	T040	C0011065
27852687	879	882	EBV	T005	C0014644
27852687	885	893	positive	T033	C1446409
27852687	894	899	cases	T077	C1706256
27852687	907	913	months	T079	C0439231
27852687	915	918	EBV	T005	C0014644
27852687	923	931	positive	T033	C1446409
27852687	942	949	tonsils	T023	C0836921
27852687	963	970	tonsils	T023	C0836921
27852687	976	979	OTR	T101	C0376387
27852687	996	999	EBV	T005	C0014644
27852687	1002	1010	positive	T033	C1446409
27852687	1018	1026	findings	T169	C2607943
27852687	1057	1070	morphological	T082	C0543482
27852687	1075	1083	clinical	T080	C0205210
27852687	1084	1092	criteria	T078	C0243161
27852687	1105	1108	EBV	T005	C0014644
27852687	1111	1121	positivity	T033	C1446409
27852687	1128	1138	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
27852687	1139	1143	PTLD	T191	C0432487
27852687	1151	1172	paediatric population	T098	C1257890

27853024|t|Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the orbit: A clinicopathologic case report and review of literature
27853024|a|Primary extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) is an extremely rare malignancy. In this report, the clinical course of a 32-year-old man presenting with proptoses is described. Medical history included Hirschsprung disease (HD), horseshoe kidney, azoospermia, and vertebral anomalies. Imaging of the orbit showed an oval, well-defined heterogeneous mass adjacent to the lateral wall of the orbit. The patient underwent a lateral orbit otomy and complete excision of the mass. The mass was not attached to the bone. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the diagnosis of an EOS. The patient received chemotherapy and radiotherapy and is free of the disease 3 years after the diagnosis. Genetic screening showed no mutations for both the RET proto-oncogene for HD and the p53 tumor suppressor gene for osteosarcoma.
27853024	0	26	Extraskeletal osteosarcoma	T191	C0855052
27853024	34	39	orbit	T030	C0029180
27853024	43	60	clinicopathologic	T091	C0030667
27853024	66	72	report	T170	C0684224
27853024	87	97	literature	T170	C0023866
27853024	106	132	extraskeletal osteosarcoma	T191	C0855052
27853024	134	137	EOS	T191	C0855052
27853024	155	170	rare malignancy	T191	C0006826
27853024	180	186	report	T170	C0684224
27853024	192	207	clinical course	T079	C0449259
27853024	245	254	proptoses	T047	C0015300
27853024	269	284	Medical history	T033	C0262926
27853024	294	314	Hirschsprung disease	T019,T047	C0019569
27853024	316	318	HD	T019,T047	C0019569
27853024	321	337	horseshoe kidney	T019	C0221353
27853024	339	350	azoospermia	T047	C0004509
27853024	356	375	vertebral anomalies	T019	C0158775
27853024	392	397	orbit	T030	C0029180
27853024	408	412	oval	T080	C1709367
27853024	427	440	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27853024	441	445	mass	T033	C0577559
27853024	462	487	lateral wall of the orbit	T029	C0230061
27853024	493	500	patient	T101	C0030705
27853024	513	532	lateral orbit otomy	T061	C0196954
27853024	521	526	orbit	T030	C0029180
27853024	546	566	excision of the mass	T061	C1262070
27853024	572	576	mass	T033	C0577559
27853024	601	605	bone	T023	C0262950
27853024	607	622	Histopathologic	T091	C0677043
27853024	627	658	immunohistochemical examination	T059	C1441616
27853024	673	682	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27853024	689	692	EOS	T191	C0855052
27853024	698	705	patient	T101	C0030705
27853024	715	727	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27853024	732	744	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27853024	764	771	disease	T047	C0012634
27853024	790	799	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27853024	801	818	Genetic screening	T060	C0813145
27853024	829	838	mutations	T045	C0026882
27853024	852	870	RET proto-oncogene	T028	C0694890
27853024	875	877	HD	T019,T047	C0019569
27853024	886	911	p53 tumor suppressor gene	T028	C0079419
27853024	916	928	osteosarcoma	T191	C0855052

27853255|t|Mimicking the cell membrane: bio-inspired simultaneous functions with monovalent anion selectivity and antifouling properties of anion exchange membrane
27853255|a|A new bio-inspired method was applied in this study to simultaneously improve the monovalent anion selectivity and antifouling properties of anion exchange membranes (AEMs). Three-layer architecture was developed by deposition of polydopamine (PDA) and electro-deposition of N-O-sulfonic acid benzyl chitosan (NSBC). The innermost and outermost layers were PDA with different deposition time. The middle layer was prepared by NSBC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that PDA and NSBC were successfully modified on the surfaces of AEMs. The contact angle of the membranes indicated an improved hydrophilicity of the modified membranes. A series of electrodialysis experiments in which Cl(-) / SO4(2-) separation was studied, demonstrating the monovalent anion selectivity of the samples. The Cl(-) / SO4(2-) permselectivity of the modified membranes can reach up to 2.20, higher than that of the commercial membrane (only 0.78) during 90 minutes in electrodialysis (ED). The increase value of the resistance of the membranes was also measured to evaluate the antifouling properties. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was used as the fouling material in the ED process and the membrane area resistance of modified membrane increase value of was only 0.08 Ωcm(2) 30 minutes later.
27853255	14	27	cell membrane	T026	C3161472
27853255	29	41	bio-inspired	T090	C0872312
27853255	42	54	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27853255	70	80	monovalent	UnknownType	C0678553
27853255	81	86	anion	T196	C0003075
27853255	87	98	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27853255	103	125	antifouling properties	T070	C0243178
27853255	129	134	anion	T196	C0003075
27853255	144	152	membrane	T074	C0025256
27853255	159	178	bio-inspired method	T090	C0872312
27853255	208	222	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27853255	235	245	monovalent	UnknownType	C0678553
27853255	246	251	anion	T196	C0003075
27853255	252	263	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27853255	268	290	antifouling properties	T070	C0243178
27853255	294	299	anion	T196	C0003075
27853255	309	318	membranes	T074	C0025256
27853255	383	395	polydopamine	T109,T121	C3252413
27853255	397	400	PDA	T109,T121	C3252413
27853255	428	461	N-O-sulfonic acid benzyl chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
27853255	463	467	NSBC	T109,T121	C0162969
27853255	474	483	innermost	T082	C0205102
27853255	488	497	outermost	T082	C0205101
27853255	498	504	layers	T167	C1561572
27853255	510	513	PDA	T109,T121	C3252413
27853255	550	556	middle	T082	C0444598
27853255	557	562	layer	T167	C1561572
27853255	579	583	NSBC	T109,T121	C0162969
27853255	585	624	Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
27853255	629	657	scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27853255	673	676	PDA	T109,T121	C3252413
27853255	681	685	NSBC	T109,T121	C0162969
27853255	763	772	membranes	T074	C0025256
27853255	795	809	hydrophilicity	T080	C0475370
27853255	826	835	membranes	T074	C0025256
27853255	849	876	electrodialysis experiments	UnknownType	C0683122
27853255	886	891	Cl(-)	T196	C0596019
27853255	894	901	SO4(2-)	T196	C3536965
27853255	944	954	monovalent	UnknownType	C0678553
27853255	955	960	anion	T196	C0003075
27853255	961	972	selectivity	T052	C1707391
27853255	993	998	Cl(-)	T196	C0596019
27853255	1001	1008	SO4(2-)	T196	C3536965
27853255	1009	1024	permselectivity	T070	C0031164
27853255	1041	1050	membranes	T074	C0025256
27853255	1097	1116	commercial membrane	T074	C0025256
27853255	1150	1165	electrodialysis	UnknownType	C0683122
27853255	1167	1169	ED	UnknownType	C0683122
27853255	1216	1225	membranes	T074	C0025256
27853255	1260	1282	antifouling properties	T070	C0243178
27853255	1284	1316	Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate	T109,T121	C0142877
27853255	1318	1322	SDBS	T109,T121	C0142877
27853255	1340	1347	fouling	T070	C3826310
27853255	1364	1366	ED	UnknownType	C0683122
27853255	1383	1391	membrane	T074	C0025256
27853255	1411	1428	modified membrane	T074	C0025256

27853635|t|Tumor-infiltrating Tim-3(+) T cells proliferate avidly except when PD-1 is co-expressed: Evidence for intracellular cross talk
27853635|a|Programmed Death 1 (PD-1) and T cell Ig and mucin domain-3 protein (Tim-3) are immune checkpoint receptors highly expressed on tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL). PD-1 inhibits T cell activation and type-1 T cell responses, while Tim-3 is proposed to mark more extensively exhausted cells, although the mechanisms underlying Tim-3 function are not clear. Trials of anti-PD-1 therapy have identified a large subset of non-responder patients, likely due to expression of alternative checkpoint molecules like Tim-3. We investigated the phenotypic and functional characteristics of T cells with differential expression of PD-1 (high/low) and Tim-3 (positive / negative), using TIL directly isolated from head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Unexpectedly, we found that expression of Tim-3 alone does not necessarily mark TIL as dysfunctional / exhausted. In Tim-3-TIL, PD-1 levels correlate with T cell dysfunction, with a PD-1(low/intermed) phenotype identifying recently activated and still functional cells, whereas PD-1(hi)Tim-3(-) T cells are actually exhausted. Nonetheless, PD-1(intermed) cells are still potently suppressed by PD-L1. PD-1 expression was associated with reduced phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 (pS6), whereas Tim-3 expression was associated with increased pS6. Using a novel mouse model for inducible Tim-3 expression, we confirmed that expression of Tim-3 does not necessarily render T cells refractory to further activation. These results suggest the existence of PD-1 and Tim-3 crosstalk in regulating antitumor T cell responses, with important implications for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
27853635	0	35	Tumor-infiltrating Tim-3(+) T cells	T025	C0039194
27853635	36	47	proliferate	T043	C1155046
27853635	67	71	PD-1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27853635	75	87	co-expressed	T045	C0597360
27853635	102	115	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27853635	116	126	cross talk	T043	C0007613
27853635	127	145	Programmed Death 1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27853635	147	151	PD-1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27853635	157	193	T cell Ig and mucin domain-3 protein	T116	C3537335
27853635	195	200	Tim-3	T116	C3537335
27853635	206	233	immune checkpoint receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27853635	241	250	expressed	T045	C0597360
27853635	254	286	tumor infiltrating T lymphocytes	T025	C0039194
27853635	288	291	TIL	T025	C0039194
27853635	294	298	PD-1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27853635	299	307	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27853635	308	325	T cell activation	T043	C1155065
27853635	330	353	type-1 T cell responses	T043	C0007613
27853635	361	366	Tim-3	T116	C3537335
27853635	404	413	exhausted	T184	C0392674
27853635	414	419	cells	T025	C0007634
27853635	434	444	mechanisms	T044	C3537153
27853635	456	461	Tim-3	T116	C3537335
27853635	486	492	Trials	T062	C0681815
27853635	496	513	anti-PD-1 therapy	T061	C0021083
27853635	548	570	non-responder patients	T101	C0030705
27853635	586	596	expression	T045	C0597360
27853635	638	643	Tim-3	T116	C3537335
27853635	665	675	phenotypic	T032	C1318444
27853635	680	690	functional	T043	C0007613
27853635	710	717	T cells	T025	C0039194
27853635	736	746	expression	T045	C1171362
27853635	750	754	PD-1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27853635	770	775	Tim-3	T116	C3537335
27853635	777	785	positive	T033	C1446409
27853635	788	796	negative	T033	C0205160
27853635	805	808	TIL	T025	C0039194
27853635	832	870	head and neck squamous cell carcinomas	T191	C1168401
27853635	872	877	HNSCC	T191	C1168401
27853635	908	918	expression	T045	C0597360
27853635	922	927	Tim-3	T116	C3537335
27853635	960	963	TIL	T025	C0039194
27853635	967	980	dysfunctional	T077	C3887504
27853635	983	992	exhausted	T184	C0392674
27853635	997	1006	Tim-3-TIL	T025	C0039194
27853635	1008	1012	PD-1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27853635	1035	1041	T cell	T025	C0039194
27853635	1042	1053	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27853635	1062	1090	PD-1(low/intermed) phenotype	T032	C1318444
27853635	1112	1121	activated	T052	C1879547
27853635	1132	1142	functional	T169	C0205245
27853635	1143	1148	cells	T025	C0007634
27853635	1158	1182	PD-1(hi)Tim-3(-) T cells	T025	C0039194
27853635	1196	1205	exhausted	T184	C0392674
27853635	1220	1240	PD-1(intermed) cells	T025	C0007634
27853635	1274	1279	PD-L1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27853635	1281	1285	PD-1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27853635	1286	1296	expression	T045	C0597360
27853635	1301	1316	associated with	T080	C0332281
27853635	1325	1340	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27853635	1344	1364	ribosomal protein S6	T116,T123	C0073336
27853635	1366	1369	pS6	T116,T123	C0073336
27853635	1380	1385	Tim-3	T116	C3537335
27853635	1386	1396	expression	T045	C0597360
27853635	1401	1416	associated with	T080	C0332281
27853635	1427	1430	pS6	T116,T123	C0073336
27853635	1446	1457	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27853635	1472	1477	Tim-3	T116,T192	C3252613
27853635	1478	1488	expression	T045	C0597360
27853635	1508	1518	expression	T045	C0597360
27853635	1522	1527	Tim-3	T116,T192	C3252613
27853635	1556	1563	T cells	T025	C1522131
27853635	1586	1596	activation	T043	C1326120
27853635	1637	1641	PD-1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
27853635	1646	1651	Tim-3	T116	C3537335
27853635	1652	1661	crosstalk	T043	C0007613
27853635	1676	1685	antitumor	T042	C1516031
27853635	1686	1702	T cell responses	T043	C0007613
27853635	1736	1759	anti-PD-1 immunotherapy	T061	C0021083

27853757|t|Real-time monitoring of vesicle pH in an endocytic pathway using an EGF - conjugated two-photon probe
27853757|a|Herein, we developed a ratiometric two-photon probe (BHS3 - EGF), derived from a pH sensitive dye and epidermal growth factor (EGF), for real-time monitoring and quantitative analysis of acidic luminal pH values during endocytic pathway activity. Two-photon microscopy imaging with BHS3 - EGF allows the quantitative analysis of pH distributions of single vesicles and their dynamics in receptor-mediated endocytosis in real-time.
27853757	0	9	Real-time	T079	C1550177
27853757	10	20	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27853757	24	31	vesicle	T026	C1622418
27853757	32	34	pH	T081	C0020283
27853757	41	50	endocytic	T043	C0014139
27853757	51	58	pathway	T044	C1704259
27853757	68	71	EGF	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
27853757	74	101	conjugated two-photon probe	T120	C2347609
27853757	125	153	ratiometric two-photon probe	T120	C2347609
27853757	155	159	BHS3	T120	C2347609
27853757	162	165	EGF	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
27853757	183	185	pH	T081	C0020283
27853757	186	195	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27853757	204	227	epidermal growth factor	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
27853757	229	232	EGF	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
27853757	239	248	real-time	T079	C1550177
27853757	249	259	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27853757	264	276	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27853757	277	285	analysis	T062	C0936012
27853757	289	303	acidic luminal	T030	C0524461
27853757	304	306	pH	T081	C0020283
27853757	307	313	values	T080	C0042295
27853757	321	330	endocytic	T043	C0014139
27853757	331	347	pathway activity	T044	C1704259
27853757	349	378	Two-photon microscopy imaging	T059	C1537066
27853757	384	388	BHS3	T120	C2347609
27853757	391	394	EGF	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
27853757	406	418	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27853757	419	427	analysis	T062	C0936012
27853757	431	433	pH	T081	C0020283
27853757	434	447	distributions	T169	C1704711
27853757	458	466	vesicles	T026	C1622418
27853757	477	485	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27853757	489	518	receptor-mediated endocytosis	T043	C0597361
27853757	522	531	real-time	T079	C1550177

27855073|t|The Loop 2 Region of Ribosomal Protein uS5 Influences Spectinomycin Sensitivity, Translational Fidelity, and Ribosome Biogenesis
27855073|a|Ribosomal protein uS5 is an essential component of the small ribosomal subunit that is involved in subunit assembly, maintenance of translational fidelity, and the ribosome's response to the antibiotic spectinomycin. While many of the characterized uS5 mutations that affect decoding map to its interface with uS4, more recent work has shown that residues distant from the uS4-uS5 interface can also affect the decoding process. We targeted one such interface-remote area, the loop 2 region (residues 20 to 31), for mutagenesis in Escherichia. coli and generated 21 unique mutants. A majority of the loop 2 alterations confer resistance to spectinomycin and affect the fidelity of translation. However, only a minority show altered rRNA processing or ribosome biogenesis defects.
27855073	4	17	Loop 2 Region	T087	C1514562
27855073	21	42	Ribosomal Protein uS5	T116	C0073335
27855073	54	67	Spectinomycin	T109,T195	C0001268
27855073	68	79	Sensitivity	T033	C0427965
27855073	81	103	Translational Fidelity	T044	C3824282
27855073	109	128	Ribosome Biogenesis	T043	C1156140
27855073	129	150	Ribosomal protein uS5	T116	C0073335
27855073	157	176	essential component	T077	C1705248
27855073	184	207	small ribosomal subunit	T026	C1167012
27855073	228	244	subunit assembly	T043	C1156143
27855073	246	283	maintenance of translational fidelity	T044	C3824282
27855073	293	303	ribosome's	T026	C0035553
27855073	304	312	response	T032	C0871261
27855073	320	344	antibiotic spectinomycin	T109,T195	C0001268
27855073	378	391	uS5 mutations	T045	C0026882
27855073	404	412	decoding	T044	C1148560
27855073	424	433	interface	T044	C1148560
27855073	439	442	uS4	T116,T123	C0073333
27855073	476	484	residues	T077	C1709915
27855073	502	519	uS4-uS5 interface	T044	C1148560
27855073	540	556	decoding process	T067	C1522240
27855073	579	600	interface-remote area	T082	C1254362
27855073	606	619	loop 2 region	T087	C1514562
27855073	621	629	residues	T077	C1709915
27855073	645	656	mutagenesis	T044	C0079866
27855073	660	677	Escherichia. coli	T007	C0014834
27855073	695	709	unique mutants	T049	C0596988
27855073	729	735	loop 2	T087	C1514562
27855073	755	765	resistance	T169	C4281815
27855073	769	782	spectinomycin	T109,T195	C0001268
27855073	798	821	fidelity of translation	T044	C3824282
27855073	861	865	rRNA	T114,T123	C0035701
27855073	880	899	ribosome biogenesis	T043	C1156140
27855073	900	907	defects	T169	C1457869

27855102|t|Non-inferiority trials: are they inferior? A systematic review of reporting in major medical journals
27855102|a|To assess the adequacy of reporting of non-inferiority trials alongside the consistency and utility of current recommended analyses and guidelines. Review of randomised clinical trials that used a non-inferiority design published between January 2010 and May 2015 in medical journals that had an impact factor >10 (JAMA Internal Medicine, Archives Internal Medicine, PLOS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, BMJ, JAMA, Lancet and New England Journal of Medicine). Ovid (MEDLINE). We searched for non-inferiority trials and assessed the following: choice of non-inferiority margin and justification of margin; power and significance level for sample size; patient population used and how this was defined; any missing data methods used and assumptions declared and any sensitivity analyses used. A total of 168 trial publications were included. Most trials concluded non-inferiority (132; 79%). The non-inferiority margin was reported for 98% (164), but less than half reported any justification for the margin (77; 46%). While most chose two different analyses (91; 54%) the most common being intention-to-treat (ITT) or modified ITT and per-protocol, a large number of articles only chose to conduct and report one analysis (65; 39%), most commonly the ITT analysis. There was lack of clarity or inconsistency between the type I error rate and corresponding CIs for 73 (43%) articles. Missing data were rarely considered with (99; 59%) not declaring whether imputation techniques were used. Reporting and conduct of non-inferiority trials is inconsistent and does not follow the recommendations in available statistical guidelines, which are not wholly consistent themselves. Authors should clearly describe the methods used and provide clear descriptions of and justifications for their design and primary analysis. Failure to do this risks misleading conclusions being drawn, with consequent effects on clinical practice.
27855102	0	15	Non-inferiority	T033	C0243095
27855102	16	22	trials	T062	C0008976
27855102	33	41	inferior	T082	C0542339
27855102	45	62	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27855102	66	75	reporting	T062	C0011000
27855102	85	101	medical journals	T073,T170	C0162443
27855102	105	111	assess	T052	C1516048
27855102	116	124	adequacy	T080	C0205411
27855102	128	137	reporting	T062	C0011000
27855102	141	156	non-inferiority	T033	C0243095
27855102	157	163	trials	T062	C0008976
27855102	178	189	consistency	T080	C0332529
27855102	194	201	utility	T080	C3827682
27855102	205	212	current	T079	C0521116
27855102	213	224	recommended	T078	C0034866
27855102	225	233	analyses	T062	C0936012
27855102	238	248	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27855102	250	256	Review	T078	C1552617
27855102	260	270	randomised	T062	C0034656
27855102	271	286	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27855102	299	314	non-inferiority	T033	C0243095
27855102	315	321	design	T052	C1707689
27855102	322	331	published	T057	C0034037
27855102	340	347	January	T080	C3829466
27855102	357	360	May	T079	C3812381
27855102	369	385	medical journals	T073,T170	C0162443
27855102	398	404	impact	T080	C4049986
27855102	405	411	factor	T169	C1521761
27855102	417	439	JAMA Internal Medicine	T170	C0282574
27855102	441	467	Archives Internal Medicine	T170	C0282574
27855102	469	482	PLOS Medicine	T170	C0282574
27855102	484	511	Annals of Internal Medicine	T170	C0282574
27855102	513	516	BMJ	T170	C0282574
27855102	518	522	JAMA	T170	C0282574
27855102	524	566	Lancet and New England Journal of Medicine	T170	C0282574
27855102	569	573	Ovid	T170	C0282574
27855102	575	582	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
27855102	588	596	searched	T052	C1706202
27855102	601	616	non-inferiority	T033	C0243095
27855102	617	623	trials	T062	C0008976
27855102	628	636	assessed	T052	C1516048
27855102	662	677	non-inferiority	T033	C0243095
27855102	678	684	margin	T081	C0392762
27855102	689	702	justification	T033	C0566251
27855102	706	712	margin	T081	C0392762
27855102	724	736	significance	T078	C0750502
27855102	737	742	level	T080	C0441889
27855102	747	758	sample size	T081	C0242618
27855102	760	778	patient population	T081	C2361270
27855102	822	826	data	T078	C1511726
27855102	827	834	methods	T170	C0025663
27855102	844	855	assumptions	T080	C0205556
27855102	873	884	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27855102	885	893	analyses	T062	C0936012
27855102	902	907	total	T080	C0439810
27855102	915	920	trial	T062	C0008976
27855102	921	933	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
27855102	954	960	trials	T062	C0008976
27855102	971	986	non-inferiority	T033	C0243095
27855102	1003	1018	non-inferiority	T033	C0243095
27855102	1019	1025	margin	T081	C0392762
27855102	1030	1038	reported	T170	C0684224
27855102	1086	1099	justification	T033	C0566251
27855102	1108	1114	margin	T080	C0205556
27855102	1147	1156	different	T080	C1705242
27855102	1157	1165	analyses	T062	C0936012
27855102	1185	1191	common	T081	C0205214
27855102	1198	1216	intention-to-treat	T062	C2718028
27855102	1218	1221	ITT	T062	C2718028
27855102	1226	1234	modified	T169	C0392747
27855102	1235	1238	ITT	T062	C2718028
27855102	1243	1255	per-protocol	T169	C1698058
27855102	1265	1271	number	T081	C0237753
27855102	1275	1283	articles	T170	C1706852
27855102	1298	1305	conduct	T169	C0205245
27855102	1310	1316	report	T170	C0684224
27855102	1321	1329	analysis	T062	C0936012
27855102	1346	1354	commonly	T081	C0205214
27855102	1359	1371	ITT analysis	T062	C2718028
27855102	1383	1387	lack	T080	C0332268
27855102	1391	1398	clarity	T080	C2963144
27855102	1402	1415	inconsistency	T080	C0442809
27855102	1428	1434	type I	T185	C0441729
27855102	1435	1440	error	T080	C0743559
27855102	1441	1445	rate	T081	C1521828
27855102	1464	1467	CIs	T081	C0009667
27855102	1481	1489	articles	T170	C1706852
27855102	1491	1498	Missing	T080	C1705492
27855102	1499	1503	data	T078	C1511726
27855102	1516	1526	considered	T078	C0750591
27855102	1564	1574	imputation	T081	C2699638
27855102	1575	1585	techniques	T169	C0449851
27855102	1597	1606	Reporting	T062	C0011000
27855102	1611	1618	conduct	T169	C0205245
27855102	1622	1637	non-inferiority	T033	C0243095
27855102	1638	1644	trials	T062	C0008976
27855102	1648	1660	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27855102	1685	1700	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27855102	1704	1713	available	T169	C0470187
27855102	1714	1736	statistical guidelines	T170	C0162791
27855102	1759	1769	consistent	T080	C0332529
27855102	1782	1789	Authors	T097	C3812881
27855102	1805	1813	describe	T078	C1552738
27855102	1818	1825	methods	T170	C0025663
27855102	1835	1842	provide	T052	C1999230
27855102	1849	1861	descriptions	T170	C0678257
27855102	1869	1883	justifications	T033	C0566251
27855102	1894	1900	design	T062	C0015320
27855102	1905	1912	primary	T080	C0205225
27855102	1913	1921	analysis	T062	C0936012
27855102	1923	1930	Failure	T169	C0231175
27855102	1959	1970	conclusions	T078	C1707478
27855102	1989	1999	consequent	T033	C3845876
27855102	2000	2007	effects	T080	C1280500
27855102	2011	2028	clinical practice	T062	C0008972

27855629|t|Vitamin D and the Epigenetic Machinery in Colon Cancer
27855629|a|Vitamin D is an important hormone that regulates many physiological processes related to human health. Through its nuclear receptor, VDR, vitamin D controls gene expression through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Increasing data have demonstrated the anti-cancer activities of vitamin D in various cancers, including colon cancer. This review summarizes the recent progresses in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D and its interaction with the epigenetic machinery in colon cancer. Vitamin D changes the status of DNA methylation and histone modification s, resulting in the activation of tumor suppressors and inhibition of oncogenes. In addition, vitamin D activates the expression of tumor suppressing miRNAs, which contribute to the tumor suppressive activity. Further understanding of the epigenetic action of vitamin D will help the development of therapeutic strategies targeting the vitamin D signaling pathway without inducing the hypercalcemic side effects.
27855629	0	9	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27855629	18	38	Epigenetic Machinery	T045	C1516924
27855629	42	54	Colon Cancer	T191	C0699790
27855629	55	64	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27855629	81	88	hormone	T125	C0019932
27855629	94	103	regulates	T038	C1327622
27855629	109	132	physiological processes	T039	C0031845
27855629	144	149	human	T016	C0086418
27855629	150	156	health	T078	C0018684
27855629	170	186	nuclear receptor	T116,T192	C0206588
27855629	188	191	VDR	T116,T192	C3657722
27855629	193	202	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27855629	212	227	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27855629	236	243	genetic	T169	C0314603
27855629	248	269	epigenetic mechanisms	T045	C1516924
27855629	282	286	data	T078	C1511726
27855629	309	331	anti-cancer activities	T033	C0243095
27855629	335	344	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27855629	356	363	cancers	T191	C0006826
27855629	375	387	colon cancer	T191	C0699790
27855629	394	400	review	T170	C0282443
27855629	423	433	progresses	T169	C1280477
27855629	462	482	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1258062
27855629	486	495	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27855629	504	515	interaction	T169	C1704675
27855629	525	545	epigenetic machinery	T045	C1516924
27855629	549	561	colon cancer	T191	C0699790
27855629	563	572	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27855629	585	591	status	T080	C0449438
27855629	595	610	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
27855629	615	635	histone modification	T044	C1156199
27855629	639	648	resulting	T169	C1274040
27855629	656	666	activation	T052	C1879547
27855629	670	687	tumor suppressors	T028	C0079427
27855629	692	702	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27855629	706	715	oncogenes	T028	C0029016
27855629	730	739	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27855629	740	749	activates	T052	C1879547
27855629	754	764	expression	T045	C0017262
27855629	768	785	tumor suppressing	T028	C0079427
27855629	786	792	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
27855629	818	844	tumor suppressive activity	T043	C1325410
27855629	875	892	epigenetic action	T045	C1516924
27855629	896	905	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
27855629	920	931	development	T169	C1527148
27855629	935	946	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27855629	947	957	strategies	T041	C0679199
27855629	958	967	targeting	T169	C1521840
27855629	972	999	vitamin D signaling pathway	T044	C2753317
27855629	1021	1034	hypercalcemic	T047	C0020437
27855629	1035	1047	side effects	T169	C0001688

27855988|t|Development of a platelet adhesion transport equation for a computational thrombosis model
27855988|a|Thrombosis is a significant issue for cardiovascular device development and use. While thrombosis models are available, very few are device - related and none have been thoroughly validated experimentally. Here, we introduce a surface adherent platelet transport equation into a continuum model to account for the biomaterial interface/blood interaction. Using a rotating disc system and polyurethane-urea material, we characterize steady and pulsatile flow fields using laser Doppler velocimetry. In vitro measurements of platelet adhesion are used in combination with the LDV data to provide further experimental validation. The rotating disc system is computationally studied using the device - induced thrombosis model with the surface platelet adherent transport equation. The results indicate that the flow field is in excellent agreement to the experimental LDV data and that the platelet adhesion simulations are in good agreement with the in vitro platelet data. These results provide good evidence that this transport equation can be used to express the relationship between blood and a biomaterial if the correct platelet adhesion characteristics are known for the biomaterial. Further validation is necessary with other materials.
27855988	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
27855988	17	34	platelet adhesion	T043	C0032174
27855988	35	53	transport equation	T077	C0552449
27855988	60	73	computational	T052	C1880157
27855988	74	84	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27855988	85	90	model	T075	C0026339
27855988	91	101	Thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27855988	107	118	significant	T078	C0750502
27855988	119	124	issue	T033	C0033213
27855988	129	143	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27855988	144	150	device	T074	C0025080
27855988	151	162	development	T169	C1527148
27855988	167	170	use	T169	C0457083
27855988	178	188	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27855988	189	195	models	T075	C0026339
27855988	200	209	available	T169	C0470187
27855988	216	219	few	T081	C0205388
27855988	224	230	device	T074	C0025080
27855988	233	240	related	T080	C0439849
27855988	271	280	validated	T062	C1519941
27855988	281	295	experimentally	T080	C1517586
27855988	318	325	surface	T082	C0205148
27855988	326	334	adherent	T169	C0334154
27855988	335	343	platelet	T025	C0005821
27855988	344	362	transport equation	T077	C0552449
27855988	370	385	continuum model	T062	C2699430
27855988	405	444	biomaterial interface/blood interaction	T044	C0920352
27855988	454	474	rotating disc system	T074	C0025080
27855988	479	505	polyurethane-urea material	T109	C0164247
27855988	510	522	characterize	T052	C1880022
27855988	523	529	steady	T080	C0205361
27855988	534	555	pulsatile flow fields	T067	C0034106
27855988	562	587	laser Doppler velocimetry	T060	C0162519
27855988	589	597	In vitro	T080	C1533691
27855988	598	610	measurements	T169	C0242485
27855988	614	631	platelet adhesion	T043	C0032174
27855988	644	655	combination	T080	C0205195
27855988	665	668	LDV	T060	C0162519
27855988	669	673	data	T078	C1511726
27855988	693	705	experimental	T080	C1517586
27855988	706	716	validation	T062	C1519941
27855988	722	742	rotating disc system	T074	C0025080
27855988	746	761	computationally	T052	C1880157
27855988	780	786	device	T074	C0025080
27855988	789	796	induced	T169	C0205263
27855988	797	807	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
27855988	808	813	model	T075	C0026339
27855988	823	830	surface	T082	C0205148
27855988	831	839	platelet	T025	C0005821
27855988	840	848	adherent	T169	C0334154
27855988	849	867	transport equation	T077	C0552449
27855988	873	880	results	T169	C1274040
27855988	899	909	flow field	T070	C0806140
27855988	916	925	excellent	T080	C1961136
27855988	943	955	experimental	T080	C1517586
27855988	956	959	LDV	T060	C0162519
27855988	960	964	data	T078	C1511726
27855988	978	995	platelet adhesion	T043	C0032174
27855988	996	1007	simulations	T062	C0679083
27855988	1039	1047	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27855988	1048	1056	platelet	T025	C0005821
27855988	1057	1061	data	T078	C1511726
27855988	1069	1076	results	T169	C1274040
27855988	1090	1098	evidence	T078	C3887511
27855988	1109	1127	transport equation	T077	C0552449
27855988	1155	1167	relationship	T080	C0439849
27855988	1176	1181	blood	T031	C0005767
27855988	1188	1199	biomaterial	T122	C0005479
27855988	1215	1232	platelet adhesion	T043	C0032174
27855988	1233	1248	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27855988	1267	1278	biomaterial	T122	C0005479
27855988	1288	1298	validation	T062	C1519941
27855988	1323	1332	materials	T122	C0005479

27856018|t|Body burden of heavy metals among HIV high risk population in USA
27856018|a|HIV high risk population may face not only the threat of HIV infection but also a higher chance of exposure to environmental contaminants. However, no previous studies have examined the body burden of environmental pollutants including heavy metals among HIV high risk populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether adults aged 20-59 years old at high risk of HIV infection have higher blood levels of heavy metals compared to those with low risk of HIV infection in United States. We used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2010 to compare exposures to heavy metals including cadmium, lead, and total mercury by HIV risk status. The results showed that people at high risk of HIV had higher blood concentrations of all heavy metals compared to their counterparts with lower HIV risks. In multivariate linear regression models, HIV risk status was significantly associated with increased blood cadmium, lead, and total mercury after adjusting for age, sex, race, education, and poverty income ratio. Our study suggests that people at high risk of HIV have significantly higher body burden of heavy metals including cadmium, lead, and mercury compared to those with low risk of HIV. Further longitudinal study collecting more pollutants are warranted to determine the potential health effects of these elevated pollutants on both HIV-infected and HIV high-risk populations.
27856018	0	11	Body burden	T081	C0005884
27856018	15	27	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27856018	34	37	HIV	T033	C0744979
27856018	38	58	high risk population	T098	C0870646
27856018	62	65	USA	T083	C0041703
27856018	66	69	HIV	T033	C0744979
27856018	70	90	high risk population	T098	C0870646
27856018	113	119	threat	T078	C0749385
27856018	123	136	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27856018	148	154	higher	T080	C0205250
27856018	155	161	chance	T080	C0237506
27856018	165	203	exposure to environmental contaminants	T037	C0522741
27856018	226	233	studies	T062	C2603343
27856018	239	247	examined	T080	C0332129
27856018	252	263	body burden	T081	C0005884
27856018	267	291	environmental pollutants	T131	C0014417
27856018	302	314	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27856018	321	324	HIV	T033	C0744979
27856018	325	346	high risk populations	T098	C0870646
27856018	364	369	study	T062	C2603343
27856018	397	408	adults aged	T100	C0001675
27856018	428	440	high risk of	T033	C0332167
27856018	441	454	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27856018	460	466	higher	T080	C0205250
27856018	467	495	blood levels of heavy metals	T033	C0495719
27856018	496	504	compared	T052	C1707455
27856018	519	527	low risk	T081	C3538919
27856018	531	544	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
27856018	548	561	United States	T083	C0041703
27856018	575	623	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0376344
27856018	625	631	NHANES	T062	C0376344
27856018	646	653	compare	T052	C1707455
27856018	654	666	exposures to	T080	C0332157
27856018	667	679	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27856018	690	697	cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27856018	699	703	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
27856018	715	722	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27856018	726	729	HIV	T033	C0744979
27856018	730	741	risk status	T033	C1319831
27856018	747	754	results	T169	C1274040
27856018	767	773	people	T098	C0027361
27856018	777	789	high risk of	T033	C0332167
27856018	790	793	HIV	T033	C0744979
27856018	798	804	higher	T080	C0205250
27856018	805	825	blood concentrations	T034	C0427728
27856018	833	845	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27856018	846	854	compared	T052	C1707455
27856018	882	887	lower	T080	C0205251
27856018	888	897	HIV risks	T033	C0744979
27856018	902	932	multivariate linear regression	T081	C0023733
27856018	933	939	models	T075	C0026336
27856018	941	949	HIV risk	T033	C0744979
27856018	975	990	associated with	T080	C0332281
27856018	991	1000	increased	T081	C0205217
27856018	1001	1014	blood cadmium	T059	C0855870
27856018	1016	1020	lead	T059	C0853362
27856018	1026	1039	total mercury	T059	C0202414
27856018	1046	1055	adjusting	T169	C0456081
27856018	1060	1063	age	T032	C0001779
27856018	1065	1068	sex	T032	C0079399
27856018	1070	1074	race	T098	C0034510
27856018	1076	1085	education	UnknownType	C0683842
27856018	1091	1098	poverty	T102	C0032854
27856018	1099	1105	income	T081	C0021162
27856018	1106	1111	ratio	T081	C0456603
27856018	1117	1122	study	T062	C2603343
27856018	1137	1143	people	T098	C0027361
27856018	1147	1159	high risk of	T033	C0332167
27856018	1160	1163	HIV	T033	C0744979
27856018	1183	1189	higher	T080	C0205250
27856018	1190	1201	body burden	T081	C0005884
27856018	1205	1217	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27856018	1228	1235	cadmium	T131,T196	C0006632
27856018	1237	1241	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
27856018	1247	1254	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
27856018	1255	1263	compared	T052	C1707455
27856018	1278	1286	low risk	T081	C3538919
27856018	1290	1293	HIV	T033	C0744979
27856018	1303	1321	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
27856018	1333	1337	more	T081	C0205172
27856018	1338	1348	pollutants	T131	C0599786
27856018	1353	1362	warranted	T169	C1552821
27856018	1380	1389	potential	T080	C3245505
27856018	1390	1396	health	T078	C0018684
27856018	1397	1404	effects	T080	C1280500
27856018	1414	1422	elevated	T080	C3163633
27856018	1423	1433	pollutants	T131	C0599786
27856018	1442	1454	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
27856018	1459	1462	HIV	T033	C0744979
27856018	1463	1484	high-risk populations	T098	C0870646

27856752|t|Multiplex social ecological network analysis reveals how social changes affect community robustness more than resource depletion
27856752|a|Network analysis provides a powerful tool to analyze complex influences of social and ecological structures on community and household dynamics. Most network studies of social - ecological systems use simple, undirected, unweighted networks. We analyze multiplex, directed, and weighted networks of subsistence food flows collected in three small indigenous communities in Arctic Alaska potentially facing substantial economic and ecological changes. Our analysis of plausible future scenarios suggests that changes to social relations and key households have greater effects on community robustness than changes to specific wild food resources.
27856752	0	9	Multiplex	T080	C0205556
27856752	10	16	social	T169	C0728831
27856752	17	27	ecological	T082	C0565987
27856752	28	44	network analysis	T062	C0242481
27856752	45	52	reveals	T080	C0443289
27856752	57	71	social changes	T054	C0037400
27856752	72	78	affect	T169	C0392760
27856752	79	88	community	T096	C0009462
27856752	89	99	robustness	T080	C2986815
27856752	110	118	resource	T081	C0178640
27856752	119	128	depletion	T080	C0392756
27856752	129	145	Network analysis	T062	C0242481
27856752	146	154	provides	T052	C1999230
27856752	182	189	complex	T080	C0439855
27856752	190	200	influences	T077	C4054723
27856752	204	210	social	T102	C0680343
27856752	215	236	ecological structures	T082	C0565987
27856752	240	249	community	T096	C0009462
27856752	254	263	household	T099	C0020052
27856752	279	294	network studies	T062	C0242481
27856752	298	304	social	T169	C0728831
27856752	307	325	ecological systems	T070	C0162358
27856752	330	336	simple	T080	C0205352
27856752	350	369	unweighted networks	T169	C1882071
27856752	382	391	multiplex	T080	C0205556
27856752	393	401	directed	T082	C0449738
27856752	407	424	weighted networks	T169	C1882071
27856752	428	439	subsistence	T052	C0024501
27856752	440	444	food	T168	C0016452
27856752	451	460	collected	T078	C1516695
27856752	476	486	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27856752	487	498	communities	T096	C0009462
27856752	502	508	Arctic	T083	C0003740
27856752	509	515	Alaska	T083	C0001905
27856752	547	555	economic	T169	C0013557
27856752	560	570	ecological	T082	C0565987
27856752	571	578	changes	T169	C0392747
27856752	606	612	future	T079	C0016884
27856752	613	622	scenarios	T169	C0683579
27856752	637	644	changes	T169	C0392747
27856752	648	654	social	T169	C0728831
27856752	655	664	relations	T080	C0439849
27856752	673	683	households	T099	C0020052
27856752	697	704	effects	T080	C1280500
27856752	708	717	community	T096	C0009462
27856752	718	728	robustness	T080	C2986815
27856752	734	741	changes	T169	C0392747
27856752	745	753	specific	T080	C0205369
27856752	754	773	wild food resources	T081	C0178640

27856909|t|The sacral autonomic outflow is sympathetic
27856909|a|A kinship between cranial and pelvic visceral nerves of vertebrates has been accepted for a century. Accordingly, sacral preganglionic neurons are considered parasympathetic, as are their targets in the pelvic ganglia that prominently control rectal, bladder, and genital functions. Here, we uncover 15 phenotypic and ontogenetic features that distinguish pre- and postganglionic neurons of the cranial parasympathetic outflow from those of the thoracolumbar sympathetic outflow in mice. By every single one, the sacral outflow is indistinguishable from the thoracolumbar outflow. Thus, the parasympathetic nervous system receives input from cranial nerves exclusively and the sympathetic nervous system from spinal nerves, thoracic to sacral inclusively. This simplified, bipartite architecture offers a new framework to understand pelvic neurophysiology as well as development and evolution of the autonomic nervous system.
27856909	4	10	sacral	T029	C0036033
27856909	11	43	autonomic outflow is sympathetic	T022	C0039044
27856909	62	69	cranial	T023	C0010268
27856909	74	96	pelvic visceral nerves	T023	C0446845
27856909	100	111	vertebrates	T010	C0042567
27856909	121	129	accepted	T080	C1272684
27856909	136	143	century	T079	C0681717
27856909	158	164	sacral	T029	C0036033
27856909	165	186	preganglionic neurons	T025	C1520027
27856909	191	201	considered	T078	C0750591
27856909	202	217	parasympathetic	T023	C0459522
27856909	232	239	targets	T169	C1521840
27856909	247	261	pelvic ganglia	T023	C0229048
27856909	287	293	rectal	T082	C0205052
27856909	295	302	bladder	T023	C0005682
27856909	308	325	genital functions	T042	C0678884
27856909	347	357	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
27856909	400	431	pre- and postganglionic neurons	T025	C0682693
27856909	439	470	cranial parasympathetic outflow	T022	C0030510
27856909	489	522	thoracolumbar sympathetic outflow	T022	C0039044
27856909	526	530	mice	T015	C0025929
27856909	557	563	sacral	T029	C0036033
27856909	564	571	outflow	T082	C0449651
27856909	602	615	thoracolumbar	T082	C0450219
27856909	616	623	outflow	T082	C0449651
27856909	635	665	parasympathetic nervous system	T022	C0030510
27856909	666	674	receives	T080	C1514756
27856909	675	680	input	T077	C1708517
27856909	686	700	cranial nerves	T023	C0010268
27856909	721	747	sympathetic nervous system	T022	C0039044
27856909	753	766	spinal nerves	T023	C0037941
27856909	768	776	thoracic	T029	C0817096
27856909	780	786	sacral	T029	C0036033
27856909	817	839	bipartite architecture	T082	C0332496
27856909	849	852	new	T080	C0205314
27856909	877	883	pelvic	T023	C0030797
27856909	884	899	neurophysiology	T039	C0700630
27856909	911	922	development	T169	C1527148
27856909	927	936	evolution	T058	C0220825
27856909	944	968	autonomic nervous system	T022	C0004388

27857099|t|Class II composite resin restorations: faster, easier, predictable
27857099|a|Composite resin continues to displace amalgam as the preferred direct restorative material in developed countries. Even though composite materials have evolved to include nanoparticles with high physical properties and low shrinkage stress, dentists have been challenged to efficiently create quality, long lasting, predictable restorations. Unlike amalgam, composite resin cannot be condensed making the establishment of a predictable, proper contact more difficult. In addition, composite requires an understanding of adhesives and an appreciation for their exacting application. These facts combined with the precise adaptation and light-curing of multiple layers makes placement of quality Class II composite restorations tedious and time-consuming. For private practicing dentists, it can also have an effect on economic productivity. Clinicians have always wanted an easier, efficient placement technique for posterior composite restorations that rivals that for amalgam. It appears that advances in instrumentation, materials and technology have finally delivered it.
27857099	0	37	Class II composite resin restorations	T061	C3642501
27857099	39	45	faster	T080	C0456962
27857099	47	53	easier	T033	C0332219
27857099	55	66	predictable	T033	C0243095
27857099	67	82	Composite resin	T122	C0009570
27857099	105	112	amalgam	T122,T197	C0011324
27857099	137	157	restorative material	T122	C0182981
27857099	161	180	developed countries	T080	C0282613
27857099	194	213	composite materials	T122	C0440145
27857099	238	251	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27857099	262	281	physical properties	T201	C1998468
27857099	286	306	low shrinkage stress	T033	C0243095
27857099	308	316	dentists	T097	C0011441
27857099	341	352	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27857099	360	367	quality	T080	C0332306
27857099	369	381	long lasting	T033	C0243095
27857099	383	394	predictable	T033	C0243095
27857099	395	407	restorations	T061	C0204229
27857099	416	423	amalgam	T122,T197	C0011324
27857099	425	440	composite resin	T122	C0009570
27857099	491	502	predictable	T033	C0243095
27857099	511	518	contact	T169	C0332158
27857099	548	557	composite	T122	C0009570
27857099	587	596	adhesives	T073	C0001516
27857099	604	616	appreciation	T077	C2346843
27857099	636	647	application	T170	C1947919
27857099	702	733	light-curing of multiple layers	T061	C2350282
27857099	740	749	placement	T058	C0441587
27857099	753	760	quality	T080	C0332306
27857099	761	792	Class II composite restorations	T061	C3642501
27857099	793	800	tedious	T080	C0439834
27857099	805	819	time-consuming	T080	C3827829
27857099	825	843	private practicing	T091	C0033174
27857099	844	852	dentists	T097	C0011441
27857099	884	892	economic	T169	C0013557
27857099	893	905	productivity	T081	C0033269
27857099	907	917	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
27857099	940	946	easier	T033	C0332219
27857099	958	977	placement technique	T058	C0441587
27857099	982	1014	posterior composite restorations	T061	C3642501
27857099	1036	1043	amalgam	T122,T197	C0011324
27857099	1073	1088	instrumentation	T080	C0021632
27857099	1090	1099	materials	T167	C0520510
27857099	1104	1114	technology	T090	C0039421

27857155|t|Fluorescence- and magnetic-activated cell sorting strategies to separate spermatozoa involving plural contributors from biological mixtures for human identification
27857155|a|No effective method has been developed to distinguish sperm cells originating from different men in multi-suspect sexual assault cases. Here we combined MACS and FACS to isolate single donor sperm cells from forensic mixture samples including female vaginal epithelial cells and sperm cells from multiple contributors. Sperms from vaginal swab were isolated by MACS using FITC -conjugated A kinase anchor protein 3 (AKAP3) antibody; target individual sperm cells involving two or three donors were separated by FACS using FITC -labeled blood group A/B antigen antibody. This procedure was further tested in two mock multi-suspect sexual assault samples and one practical casework sample. Our results showed that complete single donor STR profiles could be successfully obtained from sperm / epithelial cell and sperm mixtures from two contributors. For unbalanced sperm / epithelial cells and sperm cells mixtures, sensitivity results revealed that target cells could be detected at as low as 1:32 and 1:8 mixed ratios, respectively. Although highly relies on cell number and blood types or secretor status of the individuals, this procedure would still be useful tools for forensic DNA analysis of multi-suspect sexual assault cases by the combined use of FACS and MACS based on sperm -specific AKAP3 antigen and human blood type antigen.
27857155	0	13	Fluorescence-	T059	C0079366
27857155	18	49	magnetic-activated cell sorting	T059	C0599662
27857155	50	60	strategies	T169	C0449851
27857155	64	72	separate	T080	C0443299
27857155	73	84	spermatozoa	T025	C0037868
27857155	95	101	plural	T081	C0439064
27857155	102	114	contributors	T098	C1257890
27857155	120	139	biological mixtures	T077	C2347026
27857155	144	164	human identification	T060	C0242954
27857155	178	184	method	T169	C0449851
27857155	207	218	distinguish	T080	C0443299
27857155	219	230	sperm cells	T025	C0037868
27857155	258	261	men	T098	C0025266
27857155	265	278	multi-suspect	T078	C0750491
27857155	279	293	sexual assault	T048	C0237236
27857155	294	299	cases	T169	C0868928
27857155	318	322	MACS	T059	C0599662
27857155	327	331	FACS	T059	C0079366
27857155	335	342	isolate	T059	C0220862
27857155	343	349	single	T081	C0205171
27857155	350	355	donor	T098	C0013018
27857155	356	367	sperm cells	T025	C0037868
27857155	373	397	forensic mixture samples	T167	C0370003
27857155	408	414	female	T098	C0043210
27857155	415	422	vaginal	T023	C0042232
27857155	423	439	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27857155	444	455	sperm cells	T025	C0037868
27857155	461	469	multiple	T081	C0439064
27857155	470	482	contributors	T098	C1257890
27857155	484	490	Sperms	T025	C0037868
27857155	496	508	vaginal swab	T167	C0444207
27857155	514	522	isolated	T169	C0205409
27857155	526	530	MACS	T059	C0599662
27857155	537	541	FITC	T109,T130	C0085216
27857155	554	579	A kinase anchor protein 3	T116,T123	C1309095
27857155	581	586	AKAP3	T116,T123	C1309095
27857155	588	596	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27857155	598	615	target individual	T098	C0237401
27857155	616	627	sperm cells	T025	C0037868
27857155	651	657	donors	T098	C0013018
27857155	663	672	separated	T080	C0443299
27857155	676	680	FACS	T059	C0079366
27857155	687	691	FITC	T109,T130	C0085216
27857155	701	724	blood group A/B antigen	T116,T129	C0302043
27857155	725	733	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27857155	740	749	procedure	T169	C2700391
27857155	762	768	tested	T169	C0039593
27857155	776	780	mock	T033	C0562577
27857155	781	794	multi-suspect	T078	C0750491
27857155	795	809	sexual assault	T048	C0237236
27857155	810	817	samples	T167	C0370003
27857155	826	844	practical casework	T074	C0179660
27857155	845	851	sample	T167	C0370003
27857155	877	885	complete	T080	C0205197
27857155	886	892	single	T081	C0205171
27857155	893	898	donor	T098	C0013018
27857155	899	911	STR profiles	T114,T123	C1519302
27857155	948	953	sperm	T025	C0037868
27857155	956	971	epithelial cell	T025	C0014597
27857155	976	981	sperm	T025	C0037868
27857155	982	990	mixtures	T167	C0439962
27857155	1000	1012	contributors	T098	C1257890
27857155	1029	1034	sperm	T025	C0037868
27857155	1037	1053	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27857155	1058	1069	sperm cells	T025	C0037868
27857155	1070	1078	mixtures	T167	C0439962
27857155	1080	1091	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27857155	1114	1126	target cells	T034	C2939170
27857155	1136	1144	detected	T033	C0442726
27857155	1225	1236	cell number	T059	C0007584
27857155	1241	1252	blood types	T201	C1383165
27857155	1279	1290	individuals	T098	C0237401
27857155	1297	1306	procedure	T169	C2700391
27857155	1339	1360	forensic DNA analysis	T059	C0200898
27857155	1364	1377	multi-suspect	T078	C0750491
27857155	1378	1392	sexual assault	T048	C0237236
27857155	1393	1398	cases	T169	C0868928
27857155	1415	1421	use of	T169	C1524063
27857155	1422	1426	FACS	T059	C0079366
27857155	1431	1435	MACS	T059	C0599662
27857155	1445	1450	sperm	T025	C0037868
27857155	1461	1466	AKAP3	T116,T123	C1309095
27857155	1467	1474	antigen	T129	C0003320
27857155	1479	1484	human	T016	C0086418
27857155	1485	1503	blood type antigen	T034	C0701817

27857693|t|Heavy Resistance Training in Hypoxia Enhances 1RM Squat Performance
27857693|a|Purpose: To determine if heavy resistance training in hypoxia (IHRT) is more effective at improving strength, power, and increasing lean mass than the same training in normoxia. Methods: A pair-matched, placebo-controlled study design included 20 resistance-trained participants assigned to IHRT (FIO2 0.143) or placebo (FIO2 0.20), (n = 10 per group). Participants were matched for strength and training. Both groups performed 20 sessions over 7 weeks either with IHRT or placebo. All participants were tested for 1RM, 20-m sprint, body composition, and countermovement jump pre -, mid -, and post - training and compared via magnitude - based inferences. Presentation of Results: Groups were not clearly different for any test at baseline. Training improved both absolute (IHRT: 13.1 ± 3.9%, effect size (ES) 0.60, placebo 9.8 ± 4.7%, ES 0.31) and relative 1RM (IHRT: 13.4 ± 5.1%, ES 0.76, placebo 9.7 ± 5.3%, ES 0.48) at mid. Similarly, at post both groups increased absolute (IHRT: 20.7 ± 7.6%, ES 0.74, placebo 14.1 ± 6.0%, ES 0.58) and relative 1RM (IHRT: 21.6 ± 8.5%, ES 1.08, placebo 13.2 ± 6.4%, ES 0.78). Importantly, the change in IHRT was greater than placebo at mid for both absolute [4.4% greater change, 90% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.0:8.0%, ES 0.21, and relative strength (5.6% greater change, 90% CI 1.0:9.4%, ES 0.31 (relative)]. There was also a greater change for IHRT at post for both absolute (7.0% greater change, 90% CI 1.3:13%, ES 0.33), and relative 1RM (9.2% greater change, 90% CI 1.6:14.9%, ES 0.49). Only IHRT increased countermovement jump peak power at Post (4.9%, ES 0.35), however the difference between IHRT and placebo was unclear (2.7, 90% CI -2.0:7.6%, ES 0.20) with no clear differences in speed or body composition throughout. Conclusion: Heavy resistance training in hypoxia is more effective than placebo for improving absolute and relative strength.
27857693	0	25	Heavy Resistance Training	T061	C0872279
27857693	29	36	Hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27857693	37	45	Enhances	T052	C2349975
27857693	46	49	1RM	T081	C4054321
27857693	50	55	Squat	T033	C0241236
27857693	56	67	Performance	T055	C0597198
27857693	93	118	heavy resistance training	T061	C0872279
27857693	122	129	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27857693	131	135	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	145	154	effective	T080	C1704419
27857693	158	167	improving	T080	C1272745
27857693	168	176	strength	T081	C0237897
27857693	178	183	power	T033	C0424581
27857693	189	199	increasing	T169	C0442808
27857693	200	209	lean mass	T201	C0424678
27857693	224	232	training	T080	C2673163
27857693	257	269	pair-matched	T080	C0085145
27857693	271	295	placebo-controlled study	T062,T170	C0599724
27857693	296	302	design	T052	C1707689
27857693	315	333	resistance-trained	T061	C0872279
27857693	334	346	participants	T098	C0679646
27857693	359	363	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	365	369	FIO2	T061	C2370852
27857693	380	387	placebo	T096	C0009932
27857693	389	393	FIO2	T061	C2370852
27857693	413	418	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27857693	421	433	Participants	T098	C0679646
27857693	439	446	matched	T080	C1708943
27857693	451	459	strength	T081	C0237897
27857693	464	472	training	T061	C0872279
27857693	474	478	Both	T080	C1706086
27857693	479	485	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27857693	486	495	performed	T169	C0884358
27857693	499	507	sessions	T051	C1883016
27857693	515	520	weeks	T079	C0439230
27857693	533	537	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	541	548	placebo	T096	C0009932
27857693	554	566	participants	T098	C0679646
27857693	572	578	tested	T169	C0039593
27857693	583	586	1RM	T081	C4054321
27857693	588	592	20-m	T081	C3842775
27857693	593	599	sprint	T061	C0454374
27857693	601	617	body composition	T032	C0005885
27857693	623	643	countermovement jump	T056	C0221189
27857693	644	647	pre	T079	C0332152
27857693	651	654	mid	T079	C1254367
27857693	662	666	post	T079	C0687676
27857693	669	677	training	T061	C0872279
27857693	682	690	compared	T052	C1707455
27857693	695	704	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27857693	707	712	based	T169	C1527178
27857693	713	723	inferences	T041	C0679201
27857693	750	756	Groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27857693	762	773	not clearly	T033	C3845108
27857693	774	783	different	T080	C1705242
27857693	792	796	test	T169	C0039593
27857693	800	808	baseline	T081	C1442488
27857693	810	818	Training	T061	C0872279
27857693	819	827	improved	T033	C0184511
27857693	828	832	both	T080	C1706086
27857693	833	841	absolute	T080	C0205344
27857693	843	847	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	862	873	effect size	T081	C0814843
27857693	875	877	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	885	892	placebo	T096	C0009932
27857693	905	907	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	918	926	relative	T080	C0205345
27857693	927	930	1RM	T081	C4054321
27857693	932	936	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	951	953	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	960	967	placebo	T096	C0009932
27857693	980	982	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1011	1015	post	T079	C0687676
27857693	1016	1020	both	T080	C1706086
27857693	1021	1027	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27857693	1028	1037	increased	T081	C0205217
27857693	1038	1046	absolute	T080	C0205344
27857693	1048	1052	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	1067	1069	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1076	1083	placebo	T096	C0009932
27857693	1097	1099	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1110	1118	relative	T080	C0205345
27857693	1119	1122	1RM	T081	C4054321
27857693	1124	1128	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	1143	1145	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1152	1159	placebo	T096	C0009932
27857693	1173	1175	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1200	1206	change	T169	C0392747
27857693	1210	1214	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	1219	1226	greater	T081	C1704243
27857693	1232	1239	placebo	T096	C0009932
27857693	1251	1255	both	T080	C1706086
27857693	1256	1264	absolute	T080	C0205344
27857693	1271	1278	greater	T081	C1704243
27857693	1279	1285	change	T169	C0392747
27857693	1291	1310	Confidence Interval	T081	C0009667
27857693	1312	1314	CI	T081	C0009667
27857693	1326	1328	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1339	1347	relative	T080	C0205345
27857693	1348	1356	strength	T081	C0237897
27857693	1363	1370	greater	T081	C1704243
27857693	1371	1377	change	T169	C0392747
27857693	1383	1385	CI	T081	C0009667
27857693	1396	1398	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1405	1413	relative	T080	C0205345
27857693	1434	1441	greater	T081	C1704243
27857693	1442	1448	change	T169	C0392747
27857693	1453	1457	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	1470	1474	both	T080	C1706086
27857693	1475	1483	absolute	T080	C0205344
27857693	1490	1497	greater	T081	C1704243
27857693	1498	1504	change	T169	C0392747
27857693	1510	1512	CI	T081	C0009667
27857693	1522	1524	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1536	1544	relative	T080	C0205345
27857693	1545	1548	1RM	T081	C4054321
27857693	1555	1562	greater	T081	C1704243
27857693	1563	1569	change	T169	C0392747
27857693	1575	1577	CI	T081	C0009667
27857693	1589	1591	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1604	1608	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	1609	1618	increased	T081	C0205217
27857693	1619	1639	countermovement jump	T056	C0221189
27857693	1640	1644	peak	T080	C0444505
27857693	1645	1650	power	T033	C0424581
27857693	1654	1658	Post	T079	C0687676
27857693	1666	1668	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1688	1698	difference	T080	C1705242
27857693	1707	1711	IHRT	T061	C0872279
27857693	1716	1723	placebo	T096	C0009932
27857693	1728	1735	unclear	T033	C3845108
27857693	1746	1748	CI	T081	C0009667
27857693	1760	1762	ES	T081	C0814843
27857693	1774	1782	no clear	T033	C3845108
27857693	1783	1794	differences	T080	C1705242
27857693	1798	1803	speed	T081	C0678536
27857693	1807	1823	body composition	T032	C0005885
27857693	1848	1873	Heavy resistance training	T061	C0872279
27857693	1877	1884	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27857693	1893	1902	effective	T080	C1704419
27857693	1908	1915	placebo	T096	C0009932
27857693	1920	1929	improving	T080	C1272745
27857693	1930	1938	absolute	T080	C0205344
27857693	1943	1951	relative	T080	C0205345
27857693	1952	1960	strength	T081	C0237897

27857788|t|Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of pediatric spinal anomalies
27857788|a|Spinal dysraphisms are congenital abnormalities of the spine due to imperfect fusion of midline mesenchymal, bony and neural structures. Imaging plays a vital role in their evaluation as significant portion of patients may present with concurrent anomalies that need to be corrected simultaneously to avoid repeat surgeries. The aims of the study were to evaluate Spinal dysraphisms using USG and MRI and to correlate imaging findings with operative findings in patients undergoing surgery. Hospital based observational study conducted over a period of year. 38 cases of both sexes and below 12 years of age with spinal dysraphism were studied. USG was performed in 29 cases where acoustic window was available for proper evaluation. MRI was performed in all cases. USG findings were compared with MRI findings and operative follow up was taken in 23 cases who underwent operative management. Results were analysed using percentage and arithmetic mean. 39.47 % cases were male and 60.53 % cases were female. Neonatal period was the most common presenting age group. Closed spinal dysraphism (63.16%) was more common than open (36.84%). 79.31% cases showed full agreement between spinal USG and MRI examinations and 6 out of 20.69% showed partial agreement. On operative correlation, USG findings were confirmatory in 91.30% cases and MRI findings were confirmatory in 100% cases. USG can be used as the initial modality for evaluation of spinal dysraphism as well as for screening of suspected cases. MRI is indicated to confirm abnormal USG findings, which shows all concurrent abnormalities and also provides additional anatomical details relevant to surgical planning.
27857788	0	15	Ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27857788	20	46	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27857788	47	57	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27857788	61	70	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27857788	71	87	spinal anomalies	T019	C0266498
27857788	88	106	Spinal dysraphisms	T019	C0080178
27857788	111	135	congenital abnormalities	T019	C0000768
27857788	143	148	spine	T023	C0037949
27857788	166	172	fusion	T169	C0332466
27857788	176	183	midline	T082	C0549183
27857788	184	195	mesenchymal	T080	C1513143
27857788	197	201	bony	T169	C0443157
27857788	206	212	neural	T169	C3714606
27857788	213	223	structures	T082	C0678594
27857788	225	232	Imaging	T060	C0011923
27857788	261	271	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27857788	298	306	patients	T101	C0030705
27857788	324	334	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27857788	335	344	anomalies	T019	C0000768
27857788	361	370	corrected	T080	C0205202
27857788	371	385	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27857788	395	411	repeat surgeries	T061	C0035110
27857788	429	434	study	T062	C2603343
27857788	443	451	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27857788	452	470	Spinal dysraphisms	T019	C0080178
27857788	477	480	USG	T060	C0041618
27857788	485	488	MRI	T060	C0024485
27857788	496	505	correlate	T080	C1707520
27857788	506	513	imaging	T060	C0011923
27857788	514	522	findings	T169	C2607943
27857788	528	537	operative	T079	C1882154
27857788	538	546	findings	T169	C2607943
27857788	550	558	patients	T101	C0030705
27857788	570	577	surgery	T061	C0543467
27857788	579	587	Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27857788	594	613	observational study	T062	C1518527
27857788	631	637	period	T079	C1948053
27857788	641	645	year	T079	C0439234
27857788	650	655	cases	T077	C1706256
27857788	664	669	sexes	T032	C1522384
27857788	683	688	years	T079	C0439234
27857788	692	695	age	T032	C0001779
27857788	701	718	spinal dysraphism	T019	C0080178
27857788	733	736	USG	T060	C0041618
27857788	757	762	cases	T077	C1706256
27857788	769	784	acoustic window	T082	C1254362
27857788	810	820	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27857788	822	825	MRI	T060	C0024485
27857788	847	852	cases	T077	C1706256
27857788	854	857	USG	T060	C0041618
27857788	858	866	findings	T169	C2607943
27857788	886	889	MRI	T060	C0024485
27857788	890	898	findings	T169	C2607943
27857788	903	912	operative	T079	C1882154
27857788	913	922	follow up	T058	C3274571
27857788	939	944	cases	T077	C1706256
27857788	959	979	operative management	T058	C0150270
27857788	994	1002	analysed	T062	C0936012
27857788	1009	1019	percentage	T081	C0439165
27857788	1024	1039	arithmetic mean	T081	C0392762
27857788	1049	1054	cases	T077	C1706256
27857788	1060	1064	male	T032	C0086582
27857788	1077	1082	cases	T077	C1706256
27857788	1088	1094	female	T032	C0086287
27857788	1096	1111	Neonatal period	T079	C0935562
27857788	1143	1152	age group	T100	C0027362
27857788	1154	1160	Closed	T169	C0587267
27857788	1161	1178	spinal dysraphism	T019	C0080178
27857788	1209	1213	open	T082	C0175566
27857788	1231	1236	cases	T077	C1706256
27857788	1267	1273	spinal	T082	C0521329
27857788	1274	1277	USG	T060	C0041618
27857788	1282	1285	MRI	T060	C0024485
27857788	1286	1298	examinations	T058	C0582103
27857788	1348	1357	operative	T079	C1882154
27857788	1358	1369	correlation	T080	C1707520
27857788	1371	1374	USG	T060	C0041618
27857788	1375	1383	findings	T169	C2607943
27857788	1389	1401	confirmatory	T033	C0750484
27857788	1412	1417	cases	T077	C1706256
27857788	1422	1425	MRI	T060	C0024485
27857788	1426	1434	findings	T169	C2607943
27857788	1440	1452	confirmatory	T033	C0750484
27857788	1461	1466	cases	T077	C1706256
27857788	1468	1471	USG	T060	C0041618
27857788	1499	1507	modality	T169	C1275506
27857788	1512	1522	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27857788	1526	1543	spinal dysraphism	T019	C0080178
27857788	1559	1568	screening	T058	C1710032
27857788	1572	1581	suspected	T078	C0750491
27857788	1582	1587	cases	T077	C1706256
27857788	1589	1592	MRI	T060	C0024485
27857788	1617	1625	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27857788	1626	1629	USG	T060	C0041618
27857788	1630	1638	findings	T169	C2607943
27857788	1656	1666	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27857788	1667	1680	abnormalities	T019	C0000768
27857788	1710	1720	anatomical	T080	C0220784
27857788	1721	1728	details	T080	C1522508
27857788	1741	1758	surgical planning	T170	C0599880

27857815|t|The Role of the Iron Stain in Assessing Intracranial Hemorrhage
27857815|a|The timing of the breakdown of red blood cells and organization of hemorrhage has significance in the catabolism of heme and the processing of iron, but also has a practical application in terms of assigning, or attempting to assign, a time course with respect to traumatic events (e.g. contusions and hemorrhages). Attempts to date contusions, however, have generally been unsuccessful by macroscopic observation, whereas the microscopic observations provide broad data but are also anatomically imprecise as a function of time. Intracranial lesions are of particular significance with respect to the timing of organizing hemorrhage given the acute, and often life-threatening nature of the hemorrhages, and the medicolegal investigation into potential crimes. Of concern is that the Prussian Blue reaction for iron, a relatively straightforward histochemical reaction that has been in use for over 150 years, is sometimes suggested as a diagnostic test for chronicity. Therefore, this study examined the utility of the Prussian Blue iron stain in living patients with intracranial hemorrhages and well-defined symptom onset, to test whether the presence of Prussian Blue reactivity could be correlated with chronicity. It was found that out of 12 cases with intracranial hemorrhage, eight cases showed at least focal iron reactivity. The duration from symptom onset to surgery in those eight cases ranged from < 24 hours to more than 3 days. Of those cases with no iron reactivity, the duration from symptom onset to surgery ranged from < 24 hours to six days. In conclusion, the Prussian Blue reaction was unreliable as an indicator of timing in intracranial hemorrhage. The use of the Prussian blue reaction as an independent indicator of chronicity is therefore not valid and can be misleading. Caution is indicated when employing iron staining for timing purposes, as its only use is to highlight, as opposed to identify, pre-existing lesions. With respect to brain lesions, the Prussian blue reaction should not be used in place of the clinical timing of the neurologic decline, or clinical data that is otherwise more accurate and less susceptible to false positive results.
27857815	16	26	Iron Stain	T059	C0918182
27857815	30	39	Assessing	T052	C1516048
27857815	40	63	Intracranial Hemorrhage	T047	C0151699
27857815	68	74	timing	T079	C0449243
27857815	95	110	red blood cells	T025	C0014792
27857815	115	127	organization	T169	C1300196
27857815	131	141	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27857815	146	158	significance	T081	C0237881
27857815	166	176	catabolism	T040	C0699900
27857815	180	184	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
27857815	193	203	processing	T052	C1709694
27857815	207	211	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27857815	238	249	application	T169	C4048755
27857815	262	271	assigning	T169	C1516050
27857815	276	286	attempting	T051	C1516084
27857815	290	296	assign	T169	C1516050
27857815	300	311	time course	T079	C0449247
27857815	328	337	traumatic	T037	C3714660
27857815	338	344	events	T051	C0441471
27857815	351	361	contusions	T037	C0009938
27857815	366	377	hemorrhages	T046	C0019080
27857815	380	388	Attempts	T051	C1516084
27857815	392	407	date contusions	T037	C0009938
27857815	438	450	unsuccessful	T080	C1272705
27857815	454	477	macroscopic observation	T059	C1551402
27857815	491	515	microscopic observations	T059	C0369671
27857815	530	534	data	T078	C1511726
27857815	548	560	anatomically	T080	C0220784
27857815	561	570	imprecise	T080	C0205408
27857815	576	584	function	T169	C0542341
27857815	588	592	time	T079	C0040223
27857815	594	614	Intracranial lesions	T033	C0581296
27857815	633	645	significance	T081	C0237881
27857815	666	672	timing	T079	C0449243
27857815	676	686	organizing	T169	C1300196
27857815	687	697	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27857815	708	713	acute	T079	C0205178
27857815	725	741	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27857815	742	748	nature	T078	C0349590
27857815	756	767	hemorrhages	T046	C0019080
27857815	777	802	medicolegal investigation	T060	C0420141
27857815	808	817	potential	T080	C3245505
27857815	818	824	crimes	T068	C0010325
27857815	849	871	Prussian Blue reaction	T059	C0033779
27857815	876	880	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27857815	911	924	histochemical	T059	C0019635
27857815	925	933	reaction	T169	C0443286
27857815	968	973	years	T079	C0439234
27857815	1003	1018	diagnostic test	T060	C0086143
27857815	1023	1033	chronicity	T079	C0547045
27857815	1051	1056	study	T062	C2603343
27857815	1057	1065	examined	T033	C0332128
27857815	1085	1109	Prussian Blue iron stain	T121,T130,T197	C0060234
27857815	1113	1128	living patients	T101	C0030705
27857815	1134	1158	intracranial hemorrhages	T047	C0151699
27857815	1176	1189	symptom onset	T079	C4086878
27857815	1211	1219	presence	T033	C0150312
27857815	1223	1236	Prussian Blue	T121,T130,T197	C0060234
27857815	1237	1247	reactivity	UnknownType	C0678596
27857815	1257	1267	correlated	T080	C1707520
27857815	1273	1283	chronicity	T079	C0547045
27857815	1292	1297	found	T033	C0243095
27857815	1313	1318	cases	T169	C0868928
27857815	1324	1347	intracranial hemorrhage	T047	C0151699
27857815	1355	1360	cases	T169	C0868928
27857815	1377	1387	focal iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27857815	1388	1398	reactivity	UnknownType	C0678596
27857815	1404	1412	duration	T079	C0449238
27857815	1418	1431	symptom onset	T079	C4086878
27857815	1435	1442	surgery	T061	C0543467
27857815	1458	1463	cases	T169	C0868928
27857815	1464	1470	ranged	T081	C1514721
27857815	1481	1486	hours	T079	C0439227
27857815	1502	1506	days	T079	C0439228
27857815	1517	1522	cases	T169	C0868928
27857815	1528	1546	no iron reactivity	T033	C0243095
27857815	1552	1560	duration	T079	C0449238
27857815	1566	1579	symptom onset	T079	C4086878
27857815	1583	1590	surgery	T061	C0543467
27857815	1608	1613	hours	T079	C0439227
27857815	1621	1625	days	T079	C0439228
27857815	1646	1668	Prussian Blue reaction	T059	C0033779
27857815	1673	1683	unreliable	T078	C0749770
27857815	1690	1699	indicator	T130	C0021212
27857815	1703	1709	timing	T079	C0449243
27857815	1713	1736	intracranial hemorrhage	T047	C0151699
27857815	1753	1775	Prussian blue reaction	T059	C0033779
27857815	1782	1803	independent indicator	T130	C0021212
27857815	1807	1817	chronicity	T079	C0547045
27857815	1835	1840	valid	T080	C2349099
27857815	1875	1884	indicated	T033	C1444656
27857815	1900	1913	iron staining	T059	C1522279
27857815	1918	1924	timing	T079	C0449243
27857815	1992	2004	pre-existing	T080	C2347662
27857815	2005	2012	lesions	T033	C0221198
27857815	2030	2043	brain lesions	T047	C0221505
27857815	2049	2071	Prussian blue reaction	T059	C0033779
27857815	2107	2115	clinical	T080	C0205210
27857815	2116	2122	timing	T079	C0449243
27857815	2130	2148	neurologic decline	T033	C4314692
27857815	2153	2166	clinical data	T170	C1516606
27857815	2190	2198	accurate	T080	C0443131
27857815	2208	2219	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27857815	2223	2245	false positive results	T034	C0205557

27857970|t|BORA -dependent PLK1 regulation: A new weapon for cancer therapy?
27857970|a|The mitotic kinase polo like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed in many cancers and its inhibition slows down proliferation and increases apoptosis in cancer cell lines. Understanding how PLK1 is activated is therefore crucial for the development of novel PLK1 inhibitors with anticancer properties. We recently identified a conserved regulatory loop leading to PLK1 activation that involves cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1).
27857970	0	4	BORA	T028	C1824391
27857970	16	20	PLK1	T116,T126	C1579259
27857970	21	31	regulation	T043	C1158894
27857970	50	64	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
27857970	70	103	mitotic kinase polo like kinase 1	T116,T126	C1579259
27857970	105	109	PLK1	T116,T126	C1579259
27857970	114	127	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
27857970	136	162	cancers and its inhibition	T043	C1512773
27857970	163	187	slows down proliferation	T043	C1156236
27857970	192	211	increases apoptosis	T043	C2248382
27857970	215	232	cancer cell lines	T025	C0334227
27857970	252	269	PLK1 is activated	T043	C1819041
27857970	320	335	PLK1 inhibitors	T116,T121	C1449702
27857970	341	362	anticancer properties	T109,T121	C0003392
27857970	399	414	regulatory loop	UnknownType	C0678662
27857970	426	441	PLK1 activation	T043	C1819041
27857970	456	481	cyclin-dependent kinase 1	T116	C2353787
27857970	483	487	CDK1	T116	C2353787

27858017|t|Iron porphyrins with a hydrogen bonding cavity: effect of weak interactions on their electronic structure and reactivity
27858017|a|The electronic structure and reactivity of iron porphyrin complexes bearing 2(nd) sphere hydrogen bonding residues have been investigated over the last few years. The presence of these weak interactions alters the spin ground state, and axial ligand bonding and provides a proton translocation pathway into the active site. Mechanistic investigations in organic as well as aqueous media demonstrate how controlled delivery of protons is fundamental in dictating the selectivity of a multi-electron multi-proton process like the reduction of dioxygen to water.
27858017	0	15	Iron porphyrins	T109	C0060272
27858017	23	39	hydrogen bonding	T070	C0020276
27858017	40	46	cavity	T082	C1254362
27858017	48	57	effect of	T080	C1704420
27858017	58	62	weak	T080	C1762617
27858017	63	75	interactions	T070	C0598734
27858017	85	105	electronic structure	T082	C0678594
27858017	110	120	reactivity	UnknownType	C0678596
27858017	125	145	electronic structure	T082	C0678594
27858017	150	160	reactivity	UnknownType	C0678596
27858017	164	188	iron porphyrin complexes	T109	C0060272
27858017	197	235	2(nd) sphere hydrogen bonding residues	T070	C0020276
27858017	246	258	investigated	T169	C1292732
27858017	288	296	presence	T033	C0150312
27858017	306	310	weak	T080	C1762617
27858017	311	323	interactions	T070	C0598734
27858017	335	352	spin ground state	T082	C1254362
27858017	358	363	axial	T082	C0205131
27858017	364	370	ligand	T103	C0023688
27858017	371	378	bonding	UnknownType	C0596307
27858017	394	422	proton translocation pathway	T043	C1159576
27858017	432	443	active site	T169	C0205681
27858017	445	471	Mechanistic investigations	T169	C1292732
27858017	475	482	organic	T167	C1705217
27858017	494	501	aqueous	T080	C0599956
27858017	502	507	media	T167	C1705217
27858017	524	554	controlled delivery of protons	T043	C1159576
27858017	587	598	selectivity	T080	C0205556
27858017	604	639	multi-electron multi-proton process	T070	C1254365
27858017	649	658	reduction	T070	C0301630
27858017	662	670	dioxygen	T196	C0058347
27858017	674	679	water	T121,T197	C0043047

27858089|t|Oxidative Damage and Cytotoxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate on Chlorella vulgaris
27858089|a|We studied the effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on the chlorophyll content, cell permeability, and antioxidant defense systems of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris. The results showed that the production of reactive oxygen species increased in a concentration -dependent manner after exposure to PFOS for 96 h. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activity was elevated after exposure to the lower concentrations and then decreased with higher concentrations. Malondialdehyde content was significantly higher than that of controls at the higher PFOS concentrations. Cell membrane permeability increased. These results indicate that PFOS exposure leads to oxidative damage in C. vulgaris. At these concentrations, chlorophyll and the structure of chloroplasts were destroyed.
27858089	0	9	Oxidative	T044	C0030011
27858089	10	16	Damage	T037	C0010957
27858089	21	33	Cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27858089	37	62	Perfluorooctane Sulfonate	T109,T121	C0905462
27858089	66	84	Chlorella vulgaris	T002	C0996438
27858089	100	110	effects of	T080	C1704420
27858089	111	136	perfluorooctane sulfonate	T109,T121	C0905462
27858089	138	142	PFOS	T109,T121	C0905462
27858089	151	162	chlorophyll	T109,T123	C0008260
27858089	172	189	cell permeability	T043	C0007605
27858089	195	222	antioxidant defense systems	T044	C1148564
27858089	230	240	green alga	T002	C0002032
27858089	241	259	Chlorella vulgaris	T002	C0996438
27858089	303	326	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27858089	342	355	concentration	T081	C1446561
27858089	380	391	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27858089	392	396	PFOS	T109,T121	C0905462
27858089	407	427	Superoxide dismutase	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
27858089	432	440	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
27858089	441	449	activity	T044	C0243102
27858089	454	462	elevated	T080	C3163633
27858089	469	480	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27858089	491	505	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27858089	537	551	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27858089	553	568	Malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
27858089	581	601	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27858089	638	642	PFOS	T109,T121	C0905462
27858089	643	657	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27858089	659	685	Cell membrane permeability	T043	C0007605
27858089	725	729	PFOS	T109,T121	C0905462
27858089	730	738	exposure	T080	C0332157
27858089	748	757	oxidative	T044	C0030011
27858089	758	764	damage	T037	C0010957
27858089	768	779	C. vulgaris	T002	C0996438
27858089	790	804	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27858089	806	817	chlorophyll	T109,T123	C0008260
27858089	839	851	chloroplasts	T026	C0008266

27858503|t|High-throughput sequencing of two populations of extracellular vesicles provides an mRNA signature that can be detected in the circulation of breast cancer patients
27858503|a|Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a wide range of RNA types with a reported prevalence of non-coding RNA. To date a comprehensive characterization of the protein coding transcripts in EVs is still lacking. We performed RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) of 2 EV populations and identified a small fraction of transcripts that were expressed at significantly different levels in large oncosomes and exosomes, suggesting they may mediate specialized functions. However, these 2 EV populations exhibited a common mRNA signature that, in comparison to their donor cells, was significantly enriched in mRNAs encoding E2F transcriptional targets and histone proteins. These mRNAs are primarily expressed in the S-phase of the cell cycle, suggesting that they may be packaged into EVs during S-phase. In silico analysis using subcellular compartment transcriptome data from the ENCODE cell line compendium revealed that EV mRNAs originate from a cytoplasmic RNA pool. The EV signature was independently identified in plasma of patients with breast cancer by RNA-Seq. Furthermore, several transcripts differentially expressed in EVs from patients versus controls mirrored differential expression between normal and breast cancer tissues. Altogether, this largest high-throughput profiling of EV mRNA demonstrates that EVs carry tumor-specific alterations and can be interrogated as a source of cancer-derived cargo.
27858503	0	26	High-throughput sequencing	T063	C2936623
27858503	49	71	extracellular vesicles	T026	C3894683
27858503	84	88	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27858503	89	98	signature	T169	C1704864
27858503	142	155	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27858503	156	164	patients	T101	C0030705
27858503	165	187	Extracellular vesicles	T026	C3894683
27858503	189	192	EVs	T026	C3894683
27858503	218	221	RNA	T114	C0035668
27858503	258	272	non-coding RNA	T114	C0887909
27858503	298	314	characterization	T052	C1880022
27858503	322	348	protein coding transcripts	T114	C1519595
27858503	352	355	EVs	T026	C3894683
27858503	387	401	RNA-Sequencing	T062	C1328904
27858503	403	410	RNA-Seq	T062	C1328904
27858503	417	431	EV populations	T026	C3894683
27858503	467	478	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27858503	489	498	expressed	T045	C1515670
27858503	542	551	oncosomes	T026	C0243092
27858503	556	564	exosomes	T026	C2350332
27858503	606	615	functions	T043	C0007613
27858503	634	648	EV populations	T026	C3894683
27858503	668	672	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27858503	673	682	signature	T169	C1704864
27858503	712	723	donor cells	T025	C0007634
27858503	755	760	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27858503	770	797	E2F transcriptional targets	T116,T123	C0146462
27858503	802	818	histone proteins	T116,T123	C0019652
27858503	826	831	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27858503	846	855	expressed	T045	C1515670
27858503	863	870	S-phase	T079	C0080129
27858503	878	888	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
27858503	932	935	EVs	T026	C3894683
27858503	943	950	S-phase	T079	C0080129
27858503	952	961	In silico	T066	C3489666
27858503	962	970	analysis	T062	C0936012
27858503	977	1000	subcellular compartment	T026	C0729605
27858503	1001	1014	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27858503	1015	1019	data	T078	C1511726
27858503	1029	1035	ENCODE	T170	C0282574
27858503	1036	1045	cell line	T025	C0007600
27858503	1071	1073	EV	T026	C3894683
27858503	1074	1079	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27858503	1097	1117	cytoplasmic RNA pool	T114	C2827481
27858503	1123	1125	EV	T026	C3894683
27858503	1126	1135	signature	T169	C1704864
27858503	1168	1174	plasma	T031	C0032105
27858503	1178	1186	patients	T101	C0030705
27858503	1192	1205	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27858503	1209	1216	RNA-Seq	T062	C1328904
27858503	1239	1250	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27858503	1266	1275	expressed	T045	C1515670
27858503	1279	1282	EVs	T026	C3894683
27858503	1288	1296	patients	T101	C0030705
27858503	1335	1345	expression	T045	C1515670
27858503	1354	1360	normal	T023	C0444070
27858503	1365	1386	breast cancer tissues	T023	C0444070
27858503	1413	1438	high-throughput profiling	T063	C2936623
27858503	1442	1444	EV	T026	C3894683
27858503	1445	1449	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27858503	1468	1471	EVs	T026	C3894683
27858503	1478	1504	tumor-specific alterations	T045	C0026882
27858503	1544	1564	cancer-derived cargo	T044	C1519628

27858508|t|Activation of transcription enforces the formation of distinct nuclear bodies in zebrafish embryos
27858508|a|Nuclear bodies are cellular compartments that lack lipid bilayers and harbor specific RNAs and proteins. Recent proposals that nuclear bodies form through liquid-liquid phase separation leave the question of how different nuclear bodies maintain their distinct identities unanswered. Here we investigate Cajal bodies (CBs), histone locus bodies (HLBs) and nucleoli - involved in assembly of the splicing machinery, histone mRNA 3' end processing, and rRNA processing, respectively - in the embryos of the zebrafish, Danio rerio. We take advantage of the transcriptional silence of the 1-cell embryo and follow nuclear body appearance as zygotic transcription becomes activated. CBs are present from fertilization onwards, while HLB and nucleolar components formed foci several hours later when histone genes and rDNA became active. HLB formation was blocked by transcription inhibition, suggesting nascent histone transcripts recruit HLB components like U7 snRNP. Surprisingly, we found that U7 base-pairing with nascent histone transcripts was not required for localization to HLBs. Rather, the type of Sm ring assembled on U7 determined its targeting to HLBs or CBs; the spliceosomal Sm ring targeted snRNAs to CBs while the specialized U7 Sm-ring localized to HLBs, demonstrating the contribution of protein constituents to the distinction among nuclear bodies. Thus, nucleolar, HLB, and CB components can mix in early embryogenesis when transcription is naturally or artificially silenced. These data support a model in which transcription of specific gene loci nucleates nuclear body components with high specificity and fidelity to perform distinct regulatory functions.
27858508	0	27	Activation of transcription	T045	C0162493
27858508	63	77	nuclear bodies	T026	C0230595
27858508	81	90	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27858508	91	98	embryos	T018	C0013935
27858508	99	113	Nuclear bodies	T026	C0230595
27858508	118	139	cellular compartments	T030	C2335889
27858508	145	149	lack	T080	C0332268
27858508	150	164	lipid bilayers	T026	C0023768
27858508	176	184	specific	T080	C0205369
27858508	185	189	RNAs	T114	C0035668
27858508	194	202	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27858508	226	240	nuclear bodies	T026	C0230595
27858508	321	335	nuclear bodies	T026	C0230595
27858508	391	402	investigate	T169	C1292732
27858508	403	415	Cajal bodies	T026	C0751972
27858508	417	420	CBs	T026	C0751972
27858508	423	443	histone locus bodies	T026	C2752281
27858508	445	449	HLBs	T026	C2752281
27858508	455	463	nucleoli	T026	C0007609
27858508	494	512	splicing machinery	T045	C0314666
27858508	514	544	histone mRNA 3' end processing	T045	C1158725
27858508	550	565	rRNA processing	T045	C1156152
27858508	589	596	embryos	T018	C0013935
27858508	604	613	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
27858508	615	626	Danio rerio	T013	C0043457
27858508	691	697	embryo	T018	C0013935
27858508	709	721	nuclear body	T026	C0230595
27858508	736	743	zygotic	T018	C0043544
27858508	744	757	transcription	T045	C0040649
27858508	766	775	activated	T052	C1879547
27858508	777	780	CBs	T026	C0751972
27858508	798	811	fertilization	T040	C0015914
27858508	827	830	HLB	T026	C2752281
27858508	835	844	nucleolar	T026	C0007609
27858508	845	855	components	T026	C0243092
27858508	863	867	foci	T082	C0205234
27858508	893	900	histone	T116,T123	C0019652
27858508	901	906	genes	T028	C0017337
27858508	911	915	rDNA	T114,T123	C0012933
27858508	923	929	active	T169	C0205177
27858508	931	934	HLB	T026	C2752281
27858508	949	956	blocked	T169	C0332206
27858508	960	984	transcription inhibition	T045	C1514673
27858508	997	1024	nascent histone transcripts	T114	C1519595
27858508	1033	1036	HLB	T026	C2752281
27858508	1037	1047	components	T026	C0243092
27858508	1053	1061	U7 snRNP	T114,T123	C0162464
27858508	1094	1106	base-pairing	T044	C0600436
27858508	1112	1139	nascent histone transcripts	T114	C1519595
27858508	1161	1173	localization	T043	C1158693
27858508	1177	1181	HLBs	T026	C2752281
27858508	1255	1259	HLBs	T026	C2752281
27858508	1263	1266	CBs	T026	C0751972
27858508	1302	1308	snRNAs	T114,T123	C0035709
27858508	1312	1315	CBs	T026	C0751972
27858508	1362	1366	HLBs	T026	C2752281
27858508	1386	1398	contribution	T052	C1880177
27858508	1402	1409	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27858508	1410	1422	constituents	T167	C0729650
27858508	1448	1462	nuclear bodies	T026	C0230595
27858508	1470	1479	nucleolar	T026	C0007609
27858508	1481	1484	HLB	T026	C2752281
27858508	1490	1492	CB	T026	C0751972
27858508	1493	1503	components	T026	C0243092
27858508	1515	1520	early	T079	C1279919
27858508	1521	1534	embryogenesis	T042	C0013936
27858508	1540	1553	transcription	T045	C0040649
27858508	1629	1642	transcription	T045	C0040649
27858508	1646	1654	specific	T080	C0205369
27858508	1655	1664	gene loci	T082	C1708726
27858508	1675	1687	nuclear body	T026	C0230595
27858508	1688	1698	components	T026	C0243092
27858508	1709	1720	specificity	T081	C0037791
27858508	1754	1764	regulatory	T077	C1704735
27858508	1765	1774	functions	T039	C0031843

27859167|t|Variation in the age of first reproduction: different strategies or individual quality?
27859167|a|Although age at first reproduction is a key demographic parameter that is probably under high selective pressure, it is highly variable and the cause of this variability is not well understood. Two non-exclusive hypotheses may explain such variability. It could be the expression of different individual strategies, i.e., different allocation strategies in fitness components, or the consequences of individual difference in intrinsic quality, i.e., some individuals always doing better than others in all fitness components. We tested these hypotheses in the Wandering Albatross investigating relationships between the age at first reproduction and subsequent adult demographic traits. Using finite mixture capture recapture modeling, we demonstrate that the age at first reproduction is negatively related to both reproductive performances and adult survival, suggesting that individual quality was an important factor explaining variation in the age at first reproduction. Our results suggest that age at first breeding is a good predictor of quality in this long-lived seabird species.
27859167	0	20	Variation in the age	T100	C0699810
27859167	24	42	first reproduction	T040	C0035150
27859167	44	64	different strategies	T080	C0205556
27859167	68	86	individual quality	T080	C0332306
27859167	97	100	age	T032	C0001779
27859167	104	122	first reproduction	T040	C0035150
27859167	132	153	demographic parameter	T078	C0011292
27859167	177	200	high selective pressure	T033	C0460139
27859167	215	223	variable	T080	C0439828
27859167	246	257	variability	T077	C2827666
27859167	300	310	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
27859167	328	339	variability	T077	C2827666
27859167	357	367	expression	T055	C0565975
27859167	381	402	individual strategies	T080	C0205556
27859167	420	441	allocation strategies	T052	C1706778
27859167	445	463	fitness components	T078	C0031812
27859167	488	509	individual difference	T054	C0021228
27859167	513	530	intrinsic quality	T082	C0205102
27859167	543	554	individuals	T098	C0237401
27859167	594	612	fitness components	T078	C0031812
27859167	617	623	tested	T169	C0039593
27859167	630	640	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
27859167	648	667	Wandering Albatross	T012	C0325368
27859167	682	695	relationships	T080	C0439849
27859167	708	711	age	T032	C0001779
27859167	715	733	first reproduction	T040	C0035150
27859167	749	754	adult	T100	C0001675
27859167	755	766	demographic	T090	C0011298
27859167	767	773	traits	T032	C0599883
27859167	781	822	finite mixture capture recapture modeling	T062	C0870071
27859167	848	851	age	T032	C0001779
27859167	855	873	first reproduction	T040	C0035150
27859167	877	887	negatively	T033	C1513916
27859167	904	916	reproductive	T040	C0035150
27859167	917	929	performances	T055	C0597198
27859167	934	939	adult	T100	C0001675
27859167	940	948	survival	T052	C0038952
27859167	966	984	individual quality	T080	C0332306
27859167	1020	1029	variation	T077	C2827666
27859167	1037	1040	age	T032	C0001779
27859167	1044	1062	first reproduction	T040	C0035150
27859167	1089	1092	age	T032	C0001779
27859167	1096	1110	first breeding	T040	C0006159
27859167	1121	1130	predictor	T078	C2698872
27859167	1134	1141	quality	T080	C0332306
27859167	1161	1176	seabird species	T012	C0325368

27859172|t|Consistency of trematode infection prevalence in host populations across large spatial and temporal scales
27859172|a|Parasites can impart heavy fitness costs on their hosts. Thus, understanding the spatial and temporal consistency in parasite pressure can elucidate the likeliness of parasites ' role as agents of directional selection, as well as revealing variable environmental factors associated with infection risk. We examined spatiotemporal variation in digenetic trematode infection in 18 populations of an intertidal host snail (Littorina littorea) over a 300 km range at an 11-yr interval, more than double the generation time of the snail. Despite a complete turnover in the snail host population, the average change in infection prevalence among populations was <1% over the 11-yr span, and all but three populations remained within 5 percentage points. This consistency of prevalence in each population over time suggests remarkable spatiotemporal constancy in parasite delivery vectors in this system, notably gulls that serve as definitive hosts for the parasites. Thus, despite gulls ' high mobility, their habitat usage patterns are ostensibly relatively fixed in space. Importantly, this spatiotemporal consistency also implies that sites where parasites are recruitment limited remain so over time, and likewise, that parasite hotspots stay hot.
27859172	0	11	Consistency	T080	C0332529
27859172	15	34	trematode infection	T047	C0040820
27859172	35	45	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27859172	49	53	host	T001	C1167395
27859172	54	65	populations	T081	C0032659
27859172	73	78	large	T081	C0549177
27859172	91	99	temporal	T079	C2362314
27859172	107	116	Parasites	T204	C0030498
27859172	134	141	fitness	T078	C0031812
27859172	142	147	costs	T169	C0220812
27859172	157	162	hosts	T001	C1167395
27859172	188	195	spatial	T082	C0037775
27859172	200	208	temporal	T079	C2362314
27859172	209	220	consistency	T080	C0332529
27859172	224	232	parasite	T204	C0030498
27859172	233	241	pressure	T169	C1306345
27859172	260	270	likeliness	T078	C0750492
27859172	274	283	parasites	T204	C0030498
27859172	304	325	directional selection	T070	C0086685
27859172	348	356	variable	T080	C0439828
27859172	357	378	environmental factors	T080	C0686732
27859172	379	394	associated with	T080	C0332281
27859172	395	409	infection risk	T033	C0582147
27859172	414	422	examined	T033	C0332128
27859172	423	437	spatiotemporal	T082	C1254362
27859172	438	447	variation	T080	C0439828
27859172	451	470	digenetic trematode	T204	C0997947
27859172	471	480	infection	T046	C3714514
27859172	487	498	populations	T081	C0032659
27859172	505	515	intertidal	T082	C1254362
27859172	516	520	host	T001	C1167395
27859172	521	526	snail	T204	C0037378
27859172	528	546	Littorina littorea	T204	C1081667
27859172	580	588	interval	T079	C1272706
27859172	611	621	generation	T052	C3146294
27859172	622	626	time	T079	C0040223
27859172	634	639	snail	T204	C0037378
27859172	660	668	turnover	T081	C0392762
27859172	676	681	snail	T204	C0037378
27859172	682	686	host	T001	C1167395
27859172	687	697	population	T081	C0032659
27859172	703	710	average	T081	C1510992
27859172	711	717	change	T169	C0392747
27859172	721	730	infection	T046	C3714514
27859172	731	741	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27859172	748	759	populations	T081	C0032659
27859172	783	787	span	T102	C0870809
27859172	807	818	populations	T081	C0032659
27859172	861	872	consistency	T080	C0332529
27859172	876	886	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27859172	895	905	population	T081	C0032659
27859172	936	950	spatiotemporal	T082	C1254362
27859172	951	960	constancy	T080	C1948059
27859172	964	972	parasite	T204	C0030498
27859172	982	989	vectors	T008	C0012656
27859172	1014	1019	gulls	T012	C0325870
27859172	1034	1050	definitive hosts	T001	C4086236
27859172	1059	1068	parasites	T204	C0030498
27859172	1084	1089	gulls	T012	C0325870
27859172	1092	1096	high	T080	C0205250
27859172	1097	1105	mobility	T033	C0425245
27859172	1113	1120	habitat	T082	C0871648
27859172	1121	1126	usage	T169	C0457083
27859172	1127	1135	patterns	T082	C0449774
27859172	1162	1167	fixed	T067	C3714578
27859172	1171	1176	space	T082	C1883067
27859172	1196	1210	spatiotemporal	T082	C1254362
27859172	1211	1222	consistency	T080	C0332529
27859172	1241	1246	sites	T082	C0205145
27859172	1253	1262	parasites	T204	C0030498
27859172	1267	1278	recruitment	T052	C2949735
27859172	1279	1286	limited	T169	C0439801
27859172	1327	1335	parasite	T204	C0030498
27859172	1336	1344	hotspots	T082	C1521990
27859172	1350	1353	hot	T080	C0444519

27859264|t|Inwardly rectifying K(+) channels are major contributors to flow - induced vasodilatation in resistance arteries
27859264|a|Endothelial inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir2.1) channels regulate flow - induced vasodilatation via nitric oxide (NO) in mouse mesenteric resistance arteries. Deficiency of Kir2.1 channels results in elevated blood pressure and increased vascular resistance. Flow - induced vasodilatation in human resistance arteries is also regulated by inwardly rectifying K(+) channels. This study presents the first direct evidence that Kir channels play a critical role in physiological endothelial responses to flow. Inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir) channels are known to be sensitive to flow, but their role in flow - induced endothelial responses is not known. The goal of this study is to establish the role of Kir channels in flow - induced vasodilatation and to provide first insights into the mechanisms responsible for Kir signalling in this process. First, we establish that primary endothelial cells isolated from murine mesenteric arteries express functional Kir2.1 channels sensitive to shear stress. Then, using the Kir2.1(+/-) heterozygous mouse model, we establish that downregulation of Kir2.1 results in significant decrease in shear - activated Kir currents and inhibition of endothelium -dependent flow - induced vasodilatation (FIV) assayed in pressurized mesenteric arteries pre-constricted with endothelin-1. Deficiency in Kir2.1 also results in the loss of flow - induced phosphorylation of eNOS and Akt, as well as inhibition of NO generation. All the effects are fully rescued by endothelial cell (EC)-specific overexpression of Kir2.1. A component of FIV that is Kir independent is abrogated by blocking Ca(2+) -sensitive K(+) channels. Kir2.1 has no effect on endothelium -independent and K(+) - induced vasodilatation in denuded arteries. Kir2.1(+/-) mice also show increased mean blood pressure measured by carotid artery cannulation and increased microvascular resistance measured using a tail-cuff. Importantly, blocking Kir channels also inhibits flow - induced vasodilatation in human subcutaneous adipose microvessels. Endothelial Kir channels contribute to FIV of mouse mesenteric arteries via an NO -dependent mechanism, whereas Ca(2+) -sensitive K(+) channels mediate FIV via an NO -independent pathway. Kir2 channels also regulate vascular resistance and blood pressure. Finally, Kir channels also contribute to FIV in human subcutaneous microvessels.
27859264	0	33	Inwardly rectifying K(+) channels	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	60	64	flow	T039	C0232338
27859264	67	74	induced	T169	C0205263
27859264	75	89	vasodilatation	T042	C0042401
27859264	93	103	resistance	T169	C4281815
27859264	104	112	arteries	T023	C0003842
27859264	113	124	Endothelial	T025	C0225336
27859264	125	167	inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir2.1) channels	T116,T123	C0527555
27859264	168	176	regulate	T038	C1327622
27859264	177	181	flow	T039	C0232338
27859264	184	191	induced	T169	C0205263
27859264	192	206	vasodilatation	T042	C0042401
27859264	211	223	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27859264	225	227	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27859264	232	237	mouse	T015	C0025929
27859264	238	268	mesenteric resistance arteries	T023	C0025465
27859264	270	280	Deficiency	T169	C0011155
27859264	284	299	Kir2.1 channels	T116,T123	C0527555
27859264	311	334	elevated blood pressure	T033	C0497247
27859264	339	368	increased vascular resistance	T033	C0520890
27859264	370	374	Flow	T039	C0232338
27859264	377	384	induced	T169	C0205263
27859264	385	399	vasodilatation	T042	C0042401
27859264	403	408	human	T016	C0086418
27859264	409	419	resistance	T169	C4281815
27859264	420	428	arteries	T023	C0003842
27859264	437	446	regulated	T038	C1327622
27859264	450	483	inwardly rectifying K(+) channels	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	522	530	evidence	T078	C3887511
27859264	536	548	Kir channels	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	565	569	role	T077	C1705810
27859264	573	586	physiological	T169	C0205463
27859264	587	598	endothelial	T025	C0225336
27859264	599	608	responses	T043	C0007613
27859264	612	616	flow	T039	C0232338
27859264	618	657	Inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir) channels	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	687	691	flow	T039	C0232338
27859264	703	707	role	T077	C1705810
27859264	711	715	flow	T039	C0232338
27859264	718	725	induced	T169	C0205263
27859264	726	737	endothelial	T025	C0225336
27859264	738	747	responses	T043	C0007613
27859264	805	809	role	T077	C1705810
27859264	813	825	Kir channels	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	829	833	flow	T039	C0232338
27859264	836	843	induced	T169	C0205263
27859264	844	858	vasodilatation	T042	C0042401
27859264	898	908	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27859264	925	928	Kir	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	929	939	signalling	T043	C0037083
27859264	948	955	process	T067	C1522240
27859264	982	989	primary	T080	C0205225
27859264	990	1007	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27859264	1008	1016	isolated	T169	C0205409
27859264	1022	1028	murine	T015	C0026809
27859264	1029	1048	mesenteric arteries	T023	C0025465
27859264	1057	1067	functional	T169	C0205245
27859264	1068	1083	Kir2.1 channels	T116,T123	C0527555
27859264	1097	1109	shear stress	T070	C1171318
27859264	1127	1138	Kir2.1(+/-)	T028	C1416584
27859264	1139	1151	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
27859264	1152	1163	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27859264	1183	1197	downregulation	T044	C0013081
27859264	1201	1207	Kir2.1	T116,T123	C0527555
27859264	1231	1239	decrease	T081	C0547047
27859264	1243	1248	shear	T070	C1171318
27859264	1251	1260	activated	T052	C1879547
27859264	1261	1264	Kir	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	1265	1273	currents	T070	C1254365
27859264	1278	1288	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27859264	1292	1303	endothelium	T024	C0014257
27859264	1315	1319	flow	T039	C0232338
27859264	1322	1329	induced	T169	C0205263
27859264	1330	1344	vasodilatation	T042	C0042401
27859264	1346	1349	FIV	T042	C0042401
27859264	1362	1393	pressurized mesenteric arteries	T023	C0025465
27859264	1415	1427	endothelin-1	T116,T123	C0079281
27859264	1429	1439	Deficiency	T169	C0011155
27859264	1443	1449	Kir2.1	T116,T123	C0527555
27859264	1470	1474	loss	T081	C1517945
27859264	1478	1482	flow	T039	C0232338
27859264	1485	1492	induced	T169	C0205263
27859264	1493	1508	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
27859264	1512	1516	eNOS	T116,T126	C1565681
27859264	1521	1524	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
27859264	1537	1547	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27859264	1551	1553	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27859264	1554	1564	generation	T052	C3146294
27859264	1574	1581	effects	T080	C1280500
27859264	1603	1619	endothelial cell	T025	C0225336
27859264	1621	1623	EC	T025	C0225336
27859264	1634	1648	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27859264	1652	1658	Kir2.1	T116,T123	C0527555
27859264	1675	1678	FIV	T042	C0042401
27859264	1687	1690	Kir	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	1719	1727	blocking	T169	C0332206
27859264	1728	1759	Ca(2+) -sensitive K(+) channels	T116,T123	C0949653
27859264	1761	1767	Kir2.1	T116,T123	C0527555
27859264	1772	1781	no effect	T080	C1301751
27859264	1785	1796	endothelium	T024	C0014257
27859264	1814	1818	K(+)	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	1821	1828	induced	T169	C0205263
27859264	1829	1843	vasodilatation	T042	C0042401
27859264	1847	1863	denuded arteries	T023	C0003842
27859264	1865	1876	Kir2.1(+/-)	T028	C1416584
27859264	1877	1881	mice	T015	C0025929
27859264	1892	1921	increased mean blood pressure	T033	C0497247
27859264	1934	1948	carotid artery	T023	C0007272
27859264	1949	1960	cannulation	T061	C0917707
27859264	1965	1999	increased microvascular resistance	T033	C0520890
27859264	2017	2026	tail-cuff	T059	C0022885
27859264	2041	2049	blocking	T169	C0332206
27859264	2050	2062	Kir channels	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	2068	2076	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27859264	2077	2081	flow	T039	C0232338
27859264	2084	2091	induced	T169	C0205263
27859264	2092	2106	vasodilatation	T042	C0042401
27859264	2110	2115	human	T016	C0086418
27859264	2116	2128	subcutaneous	T082	C0443315
27859264	2129	2136	adipose	T024	C0001527
27859264	2137	2149	microvessels	T023	C2350570
27859264	2151	2162	Endothelial	T025	C0225336
27859264	2163	2175	Kir channels	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	2190	2193	FIV	T042	C0042401
27859264	2197	2202	mouse	T015	C0025929
27859264	2203	2222	mesenteric arteries	T023	C0025465
27859264	2230	2232	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27859264	2244	2253	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27859264	2263	2294	Ca(2+) -sensitive K(+) channels	T116,T123	C0949653
27859264	2303	2306	FIV	T042	C0042401
27859264	2314	2316	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27859264	2330	2337	pathway	T044	C0037080
27859264	2339	2352	Kir2 channels	T116	C0259080
27859264	2358	2366	regulate	T038	C1327622
27859264	2367	2386	vascular resistance	T039	C0042380
27859264	2391	2405	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27859264	2416	2428	Kir channels	T116,T123	C0214230
27859264	2448	2451	FIV	T042	C0042401
27859264	2455	2460	human	T016	C0086418
27859264	2461	2473	subcutaneous	T082	C0443315
27859264	2474	2486	microvessels	T023	C2350570

27859268|t|Heterogeneity of colorectal cancer risk by tumour characteristics: Large prospective study of UK women
27859268|a|Associations between behavioural and other personal factors and colorectal cancer risk have been reported to vary by tumour characteristics, but evidence is inconsistent. In a large UK -based prospective study we examined associations of 14 postulated risk factors with colorectal cancer risk overall, and across three anatomical sites and four morphological subtypes. Among 1.3 million women, 18,518 incident colorectal cancers were identified during 13.8 (SD 3.4) years follow-up via record linkage to national cancer registry data. Cox regression yielded adjusted relative risks. Statistical significance was assessed using correction for multiple testing. Overall, colorectal cancer risk was significantly associated with height, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, parity and menopausal hormone therapy use. For smoking there was substantial heterogeneity across morphological types; relative risks around two or greater were seen in current smokers both for signet ring cell and for neuroendocrine tumours. Obese women were also at higher risk for signet ring cell tumours. For adenocarcinomas, the large majority of colorectal cancers in the cohort, all risk factor associations were weak. There was little or no heterogeneity in risk between tumours of the right colon, left colon and rectum for any of the 14 factors examined. These epidemiological findings complement an emerging picture from molecular studies of possible different developmental pathways for different tumour types.
27859268	0	13	Heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27859268	17	34	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27859268	35	39	risk	T078	C0035647
27859268	43	49	tumour	T191	C0027651
27859268	50	65	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27859268	73	90	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27859268	94	96	UK	T083	C0041700
27859268	97	102	women	T098	C0043210
27859268	103	115	Associations	T080	C0439849
27859268	124	135	behavioural	T053	C0004927
27859268	146	154	personal	T032	C1519021
27859268	155	162	factors	T169	C1521761
27859268	167	184	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27859268	185	189	risk	T078	C0035647
27859268	220	226	tumour	T191	C0027651
27859268	227	242	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27859268	285	287	UK	T083	C0041700
27859268	295	312	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27859268	355	367	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27859268	373	390	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27859268	391	395	risk	T078	C0035647
27859268	422	438	anatomical sites	T029	C0005898
27859268	448	461	morphological	T082	C0543482
27859268	462	470	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27859268	490	495	women	T098	C0043210
27859268	513	531	colorectal cancers	T191	C1527249
27859268	575	584	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27859268	607	631	national cancer registry	T170	C0805443
27859268	632	636	data	T078	C1511726
27859268	638	652	Cox regression	T081,T170	C0010235
27859268	670	684	relative risks	T081	C0242492
27859268	686	710	Statistical significance	T081	C0237881
27859268	772	789	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27859268	790	794	risk	T078	C0035647
27859268	813	828	associated with	T080	C0332281
27859268	829	835	height	T032	C0005890
27859268	837	852	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27859268	854	857	BMI	T201	C1305855
27859268	860	867	smoking	T055	C0037369
27859268	869	883	alcohol intake	T055	C0001948
27859268	885	902	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27859268	904	910	parity	T033	C0030563
27859268	915	941	menopausal hormone therapy	T061	C0282402
27859268	951	958	smoking	T055	C0037369
27859268	981	994	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27859268	1002	1015	morphological	T082	C0543482
27859268	1016	1021	types	T080	C0332307
27859268	1023	1037	relative risks	T081	C0242492
27859268	1081	1088	smokers	T033	C0337664
27859268	1098	1114	signet ring cell	T025	C0333727
27859268	1123	1145	neuroendocrine tumours	T191	C0206754
27859268	1147	1152	Obese	T047	C0028754
27859268	1153	1158	women	T098	C0043210
27859268	1169	1183	at higher risk	T033	C3843761
27859268	1188	1204	signet ring cell	T025	C0333727
27859268	1205	1212	tumours	T191	C0027651
27859268	1218	1233	adenocarcinomas	T191	C0001418
27859268	1257	1275	colorectal cancers	T191	C1527249
27859268	1283	1289	cohort	T098	C0599755
27859268	1295	1306	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27859268	1307	1319	associations	T080	C0439849
27859268	1354	1367	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27859268	1371	1375	risk	T078	C0035647
27859268	1384	1391	tumours	T191	C0027651
27859268	1399	1410	right colon	T023	C1305188
27859268	1412	1422	left colon	T023	C0227388
27859268	1427	1433	rectum	T023	C0034896
27859268	1452	1459	factors	T033	C0035648
27859268	1476	1491	epidemiological	T091	C0014507
27859268	1492	1500	findings	T033	C0243095
27859268	1537	1554	molecular studies	T063	C0946228
27859268	1577	1590	developmental	T080	C0458003
27859268	1591	1599	pathways	T077	C1705987
27859268	1614	1620	tumour	T191	C0027651
27859268	1621	1626	types	T080	C0332307

27859401|t|Biochemical and molecular characterization of a lipase from an Algerian isolated Staphylococcus aureus strain
27859401|a|A Staphylococcus aureus strain, isolated from an Algerian biotope, secretes a non-induced lipase in the culture medium. The S. aureus lipase (SAL) was purified to homogeneity. Pure SAL is a monomeric protein (43 kDa). The 20 N-terminal amino acid residues showed a high degree of homology with other staphylococcal lipase sequences. SAL presents specific activities of about 1600 and 555 U mg(-1) using tributyrin and olive oil emulsion as substrates, respectively. In contrast to other staphylococcal lipases previously characterized, SAL was stable at a pH range from 6 to 9 after 1 h incubation, and retained 50% of its activity after 10 min incubation at 50 °C. The purified enzyme was also characterized using monolayer technique. Lipase activity can be measured only when the surface pressure exceeds 15 mN m(-1). The critical surface pressure (πc) measured with egg-PC films was estimated at 33 mN m(-1). SAL showed a preference for the distal ester groups of the diglyceride isomers at low surface pressure, for the adjacent ester groups at high surface pressure and a preference for the sn-3 position of the 2,3-sn-enantiomer of dicaprin. Cloned and sequenced gene part, encoding the mature lipase shows, in comparison with S. aureus lipase 3 (SAL3), a deletion of three residues (LKA) at the N-terminal extremity and a substitution of glycine 208 and isoleucine 226 with an arginine and leucine, respectively.
27859401	0	11	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
27859401	16	25	molecular	T080	C1521991
27859401	26	42	characterization	T052	C1880022
27859401	48	54	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	63	71	Algerian	T083	C0002037
27859401	72	80	isolated	T169	C0205409
27859401	81	102	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27859401	103	109	strain	T001	C1518614
27859401	112	133	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
27859401	134	140	strain	T001	C1518614
27859401	142	150	isolated	T169	C0205409
27859401	159	175	Algerian biotope	T083	C0002037
27859401	177	185	secretes	T043	C1327616
27859401	188	206	non-induced lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	214	228	culture medium	T130	C0010454
27859401	234	243	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27859401	244	250	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	252	255	SAL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	261	269	purified	T169	C1998793
27859401	273	284	homogeneity	T080	C1881065
27859401	286	290	Pure	T078	C1254370
27859401	291	294	SAL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	300	317	monomeric protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27859401	335	365	N-terminal amino acid residues	T087	C1514562
27859401	375	379	high	T080	C0205250
27859401	380	386	degree	T080	C0441889
27859401	390	398	homology	T081	C0162775
27859401	410	424	staphylococcal	T007	C0038170
27859401	425	431	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	432	441	sequences	T087	C0002518
27859401	443	446	SAL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	465	475	activities	T044	C0243102
27859401	513	523	tributyrin	T109,T121	C0077025
27859401	528	546	olive oil emulsion	T130	C0490201
27859401	550	560	substrates	T167	C3891814
27859401	597	619	staphylococcal lipases	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	631	644	characterized	T052	C1880022
27859401	646	649	SAL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	654	660	stable	T080	C0205360
27859401	666	668	pH	T081	C0020283
27859401	687	707	after 1 h incubation	T079	C1439515
27859401	713	721	retained	T169	C0333118
27859401	733	741	activity	T044	C0243102
27859401	742	765	after 10 min incubation	T033	C1320226
27859401	780	788	purified	T169	C1998793
27859401	789	795	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27859401	805	818	characterized	T052	C1880022
27859401	825	844	monolayer technique	T059	C0022885
27859401	846	852	Lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	853	861	activity	T044	C0243102
27859401	869	877	measured	T080	C0444706
27859401	892	899	surface	T082	C0205148
27859401	900	908	pressure	T081	C4284008
27859401	934	942	critical	T080	C1511545
27859401	943	950	surface	T082	C0205148
27859401	951	959	pressure	T081	C4284008
27859401	965	973	measured	T080	C0444706
27859401	979	991	egg-PC films	T130	C1254353
27859401	996	1005	estimated	T081	C0750572
27859401	1022	1025	SAL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	1054	1060	distal	T082	C0205108
27859401	1061	1073	ester groups	T104	C1254350
27859401	1081	1100	diglyceride isomers	T109,T121	C0012262
27859401	1104	1107	low	T080	C0205251
27859401	1108	1115	surface	T082	C0205148
27859401	1116	1124	pressure	T081	C4284008
27859401	1134	1142	adjacent	T082	C0205117
27859401	1143	1155	ester groups	T104	C1254350
27859401	1159	1163	high	T080	C0205250
27859401	1164	1171	surface	T082	C0205148
27859401	1172	1180	pressure	T081	C4284008
27859401	1206	1219	sn-3 position	T082	C1254362
27859401	1227	1256	2,3-sn-enantiomer of dicaprin	T109	C0029224
27859401	1258	1288	Cloned and sequenced gene part	T028	C0017337
27859401	1290	1298	encoding	T052	C2700640
27859401	1303	1309	mature	T079	C0205286
27859401	1310	1316	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	1343	1352	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
27859401	1353	1361	lipase 3	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	1363	1367	SAL3	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27859401	1372	1380	deletion	T052	C1880274
27859401	1384	1398	three residues	T087	C0002518
27859401	1400	1403	LKA	T087	C0002518
27859401	1412	1422	N-terminal	T087	C1514562
27859401	1423	1432	extremity	T080	C0205403
27859401	1439	1451	substitution	T045	C0525038
27859401	1455	1466	glycine 208	T116,T121,T123	C0017890
27859401	1471	1485	isoleucine 226	T116,T121,T123	C0022192
27859401	1494	1502	arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
27859401	1507	1514	leucine	T116,T121,T123	C0023401

27859998|t|Impact of alcohol use on EEG dynamics of response inhibition: a cotwin control analysis
27859998|a|Research indicates that alcohol misuse is associated with behavioral disinhibition, but the neurophysiological mechanisms governing this relationship remain largely unknown. Recent work suggests that successful inhibition and cognitive control involve electrophysiological theta-band dynamics, including medial frontal cortex (MFC) power enhancement and functional connectivity between the MFC and dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC) regions, which may be disrupted by alcohol misuse. In addition, research suggests that, compared to men, women are at heightened risk of experiencing the negative physical and neurocognitive correlates of drinking. The present study tested the hypothesis that alcohol misuse has a deleterious effect on theta-band response inhibition EEG dynamics in a sample of 300 24-year-old same-sex twins. A cotwin control (CTC) design was used to disentangle premorbid risk for alcohol use from the causal effects of alcohol exposure. Drinking was negatively associated with theta-band MFC power and MFC - dPFC connectivity during response inhibition, and this effect was stronger among women. The CTC analysis suggested that, for women, reduced nogo-related theta-band MFC power and MFC - dPFC connectivity were both consistent with the potential deleterious causal effects of alcohol exposure. These findings suggest that diminished theta-band MFC power and MFC - dPFC connectivity may be neurophysiological mechanisms underlying alcohol-related disinhibition. Although preliminary, these results suggest that normative levels of alcohol use during emerging adulthood have potential sex-specific causal effects on response inhibition EEG dynamics, and thus have potentially significant public health implications.
27859998	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27859998	10	21	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27859998	25	37	EEG dynamics	T060	C0013819
27859998	41	60	response inhibition	T041	C1510574
27859998	64	87	cotwin control analysis	T062	C0242481
27859998	112	126	alcohol misuse	UnknownType	C0678254
27859998	130	145	associated with	T080	C0332281
27859998	146	170	behavioral disinhibition	T048	C0424296
27859998	180	209	neurophysiological mechanisms	T040	C1327471
27859998	225	237	relationship	T080	C0439849
27859998	299	309	inhibition	T041	C1510574
27859998	314	331	cognitive control	T041	C0392335
27859998	340	380	electrophysiological theta-band dynamics	T060	C0850293
27859998	392	413	medial frontal cortex	T024	C2951740
27859998	415	418	MFC	T024	C2951740
27859998	420	437	power enhancement	T042	C1254358
27859998	442	465	functional connectivity	T042	C1254358
27859998	478	481	MFC	T024	C2951740
27859998	486	510	dorsal prefrontal cortex	T023	C4019080
27859998	512	516	dPFC	T023	C4019080
27859998	553	567	alcohol misuse	UnknownType	C0678254
27859998	618	621	men	T098	C0025266
27859998	623	628	women	T098	C0043210
27859998	647	651	risk	T078	C0035647
27859998	681	689	physical	T039	C0871083
27859998	694	719	neurocognitive correlates	T041	C0871178
27859998	723	731	drinking	T055	C0001948
27859998	745	750	study	T062	C2603343
27859998	778	792	alcohol misuse	UnknownType	C0678254
27859998	799	817	deleterious effect	T046	C0879626
27859998	821	831	theta-band	T061	C0204631
27859998	832	851	response inhibition	T041	C1510574
27859998	852	864	EEG dynamics	T060	C0013819
27859998	870	876	sample	T098	C1257890
27859998	905	910	twins	T099	C0041427
27859998	914	941	cotwin control (CTC) design	T062	C0035171
27859998	976	980	risk	T078	C0035647
27859998	985	996	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27859998	1006	1020	causal effects	T080	C1280500
27859998	1024	1040	alcohol exposure	T051	C4038778
27859998	1042	1050	Drinking	T055	C0001948
27859998	1066	1081	associated with	T080	C0332281
27859998	1082	1092	theta-band	T061	C0204631
27859998	1093	1102	MFC power	T042	C1254358
27859998	1107	1110	MFC	T024	C2951740
27859998	1113	1117	dPFC	T023	C4019080
27859998	1118	1130	connectivity	T030	C0229984
27859998	1138	1157	response inhibition	T041	C1510574
27859998	1168	1174	effect	T080	C1280500
27859998	1194	1199	women	T098	C0043210
27859998	1205	1217	CTC analysis	T062	C0242481
27859998	1238	1243	women	T098	C0043210
27859998	1266	1276	theta-band	T061	C0204631
27859998	1277	1286	MFC power	T042	C1254358
27859998	1291	1294	MFC	T024	C2951740
27859998	1297	1301	dPFC	T023	C4019080
27859998	1302	1314	connectivity	T030	C0229984
27859998	1355	1381	deleterious causal effects	T046	C0879626
27859998	1385	1401	alcohol exposure	T051	C4038778
27859998	1431	1441	diminished	T081	C0205216
27859998	1442	1452	theta-band	T061	C0204631
27859998	1453	1462	MFC power	T042	C1254358
27859998	1467	1470	MFC	T024	C2951740
27859998	1473	1477	dPFC	T023	C4019080
27859998	1478	1490	connectivity	T030	C0229984
27859998	1498	1527	neurophysiological mechanisms	T040	C1327471
27859998	1539	1568	alcohol-related disinhibition	T048	C0424296
27859998	1619	1635	normative levels	T033	C0243095
27859998	1639	1650	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27859998	1667	1676	adulthood	T079	C0700597
27859998	1705	1719	causal effects	T080	C1280500
27859998	1723	1742	response inhibition	T041	C1510574
27859998	1743	1755	EEG dynamics	T060	C0013819

27860369|t|Factor structure of therapist fidelity to individual resiliency training in the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode Early Treatment Program
27860369|a|Evidence-based approaches and early intervention have improved the long-term prognosis of individuals with schizophrenia. However, little is known about the therapeutic processes involved in individual therapy in first-episode psychosis. A comprehensive psychosocial / psychiatric programme for this population, NAVIGATE, includes an individual therapy component, individual resiliency training (IRT). Fidelity of clinicians ' adherence to the IRT protocol has been collected to ensure proper implementation of this manual-based intervention. These data can provide insight into the elements of the therapeutic process in this intervention. To achieve this goal, we first examined the factor structure of the IRT fidelity scale with exploratory factor analysis. Second, we explored the relationships among the IRT fidelity ratings with clinician years of experience and years of education, as well as client's baseline symptom severity and duration of untreated psychosis. Results supported a 2-factor structure of the IRT fidelity scale. Correlations between clinician years of education and fidelity ratings were statistically significant.
27860369	0	16	Factor structure	T081	C0870541
27860369	20	29	therapist	T097	C0871525
27860369	30	38	fidelity	T054	C0680011
27860369	42	52	individual	T101	C0030705
27860369	53	63	resiliency	T055	C0679688
27860369	64	72	training	T080	C2673163
27860369	80	88	Recovery	T040	C2004454
27860369	89	94	After	T079	C0687676
27860369	98	105	Initial	T079	C0205265
27860369	106	119	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27860369	120	151	Episode Early Treatment Program	T061	C0087111
27860369	152	177	Evidence-based approaches	T061	C1740791
27860369	182	200	early intervention	UnknownType	C0814450
27860369	206	214	improved	T033	C0184511
27860369	219	228	long-term	T079	C0443252
27860369	229	238	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27860369	242	253	individuals	T101	C0030705
27860369	259	272	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27860369	309	330	therapeutic processes	T061	C0935606
27860369	343	361	individual therapy	T061	C0204525
27860369	365	388	first-episode psychosis	T048	C0033975
27860369	392	405	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27860369	406	418	psychosocial	T061	C0204968
27860369	421	442	psychiatric programme	T061	C0204523
27860369	452	462	population	T101	C0018576
27860369	486	514	individual therapy component	T061	C0204525
27860369	516	546	individual resiliency training	T061	C0087111
27860369	548	551	IRT	T061	C0087111
27860369	554	562	Fidelity	T054	C0680011
27860369	566	576	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27860369	579	588	adherence	T169	C1510802
27860369	596	599	IRT	T061	C0087111
27860369	600	608	protocol	T170	C0442711
27860369	618	627	collected	T078	C1516695
27860369	645	659	implementation	T052	C1708476
27860369	668	693	manual-based intervention	T061	C0184661
27860369	701	705	data	T078	C1511726
27860369	751	770	therapeutic process	T061	C0935606
27860369	779	791	intervention	T061	C0184661
27860369	809	813	goal	T170	C0679840
27860369	837	853	factor structure	T081	C0870541
27860369	861	864	IRT	T061	C0087111
27860369	865	879	fidelity scale	T170	C0282574
27860369	897	912	factor analysis	T081	C0085801
27860369	938	951	relationships	T080	C0439849
27860369	962	965	IRT	T061	C0087111
27860369	966	974	fidelity	T054	C0680011
27860369	975	982	ratings	T052	C0871208
27860369	988	997	clinician	T097	C0871685
27860369	998	1003	years	T079	C0439234
27860369	1007	1017	experience	T041	C0596545
27860369	1022	1027	years	T079	C0439234
27860369	1031	1040	education	T058	C1254363
27860369	1053	1061	client's	T096	C0008942
27860369	1062	1070	baseline	T081	C1442488
27860369	1071	1078	symptom	T184	C1457887
27860369	1079	1087	severity	T080	C0439793
27860369	1092	1100	duration	T079	C0449238
27860369	1104	1123	untreated psychosis	T033	C3279326
27860369	1125	1132	Results	T169	C1274040
27860369	1145	1163	2-factor structure	T081	C0870541
27860369	1171	1174	IRT	T061	C0087111
27860369	1175	1189	fidelity scale	T170	C0282574
27860369	1191	1203	Correlations	T080	C1707520
27860369	1212	1221	clinician	T097	C0871685
27860369	1222	1227	years	T079	C0439234
27860369	1231	1240	education	T058	C1254363
27860369	1245	1253	fidelity	T054	C0680011
27860369	1254	1261	ratings	T052	C0871208
27860369	1267	1292	statistically significant	T081	C0237881

27860505|t|Evolution of Inbreeding Avoidance and Inbreeding Preference through Mate Choice among Interacting Relatives
27860505|a|While extensive population genetic theory predicts conditions favoring evolution of self-fertilization versus outcrossing, there is no analogous theory that predicts conditions favoring evolution of inbreeding avoidance or inbreeding preference enacted through mate choice given obligate biparental reproduction. Multiple interacting processes complicate the dynamics of alleles underlying such inbreeding strategies, including sexual conflict, distributions of kinship, genetic drift, purging of mutation load, direct costs, and restricted kin discrimination. We incorporated these processes into an individual-based model to predict conditions where selection should increase or decrease frequencies of alleles causing inbreeding avoidance or inbreeding preference when females or males controlled mating. Selection for inbreeding avoidance occurred given strong inbreeding depression when either sex chose mates, while selection for inbreeding preference occurred given very weak inbreeding depression when females chose but never occurred when males chose. Selection for both strategies was constrained by direct costs and restricted kin discrimination. Purging was negligible, but allele frequencies were strongly affected by drift in small populations, while selection for inbreeding avoidance was weak in larger populations because inbreeding risk decreased. Therefore, while selection sometimes favored alleles underlying inbreeding avoidance or preference, evolution of such strategies may be much more restricted and stochastic than is commonly presumed.
27860505	0	9	Evolution	T045	C0015219
27860505	13	23	Inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	24	33	Avoidance	T080	C2700409
27860505	38	48	Inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	49	59	Preference	T078	C0558295
27860505	68	79	Mate Choice	T054	C0024909
27860505	98	107	Relatives	T099	C0080103
27860505	114	123	extensive	T080	C0205231
27860505	124	142	population genetic	T090	C0017404
27860505	143	149	theory	T078	C0871935
27860505	179	188	evolution	T045	C0015219
27860505	192	210	self-fertilization	T040	C0524618
27860505	218	229	outcrossing	T045	C0010366
27860505	243	259	analogous theory	T078	C0871935
27860505	294	303	evolution	T045	C0015219
27860505	307	317	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	318	327	avoidance	T080	C2700409
27860505	331	341	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	342	352	preference	T078	C0558295
27860505	369	380	mate choice	T054	C0024909
27860505	396	419	biparental reproduction	T040	C0035150
27860505	421	441	Multiple interacting	T169	C1704675
27860505	452	462	complicate	T169	C0231242
27860505	479	486	alleles	T028	C0002085
27860505	503	513	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	536	551	sexual conflict	T048	C1409687
27860505	553	566	distributions	T169	C1704711
27860505	570	577	kinship	T078	C0870772
27860505	579	592	genetic drift	T045	C0917892
27860505	605	618	mutation load	T081	C0524602
27860505	620	632	direct costs	T081	C1511972
27860505	638	648	restricted	T169	C0443288
27860505	649	667	kin discrimination	T043	C3893608
27860505	709	731	individual-based model	UnknownType	C0681948
27860505	760	769	selection	T054	C0024909
27860505	777	785	increase	T169	C0442805
27860505	789	797	decrease	T081	C0547047
27860505	798	820	frequencies of alleles	T081	C0017270
27860505	829	839	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	840	849	avoidance	T080	C2700409
27860505	853	863	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	864	874	preference	T078	C0558295
27860505	880	887	females	T032	C0086287
27860505	891	896	males	T032	C0086582
27860505	897	907	controlled	T169	C2587213
27860505	908	914	mating	T040	C1260875
27860505	916	925	Selection	T054	C0024909
27860505	930	940	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	941	950	avoidance	T080	C2700409
27860505	966	972	strong	T080	C0442821
27860505	973	994	inbreeding depression	T070	C4277723
27860505	1007	1010	sex	T032	C0079399
27860505	1011	1022	chose mates	T054	C0024909
27860505	1030	1039	selection	T054	C0024909
27860505	1044	1054	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	1055	1065	preference	T078	C0558295
27860505	1086	1090	weak	T080	C1762617
27860505	1091	1112	inbreeding depression	T070	C4277723
27860505	1118	1125	females	T032	C0086287
27860505	1126	1131	chose	T052	C1707391
27860505	1136	1141	never	T033	C3843461
27860505	1142	1150	occurred	T052	C1709305
27860505	1156	1161	males	T032	C0086582
27860505	1162	1167	chose	T052	C1707391
27860505	1169	1178	Selection	T054	C0024909
27860505	1203	1214	constrained	T077	C1707494
27860505	1218	1230	direct costs	T081	C1511972
27860505	1235	1245	restricted	T169	C0443288
27860505	1246	1264	kin discrimination	T043	C3893608
27860505	1278	1288	negligible	T080	C0332269
27860505	1294	1312	allele frequencies	T081	C0017270
27860505	1318	1326	strongly	T080	C0442821
27860505	1327	1335	affected	T169	C0392760
27860505	1339	1344	drift	T045	C0917892
27860505	1348	1353	small	T081	C0700321
27860505	1354	1365	populations	T081	C0032659
27860505	1373	1382	selection	T054	C0024909
27860505	1387	1397	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	1398	1407	avoidance	T080	C2700409
27860505	1412	1416	weak	T080	C1762617
27860505	1420	1426	larger	T081	C0549177
27860505	1427	1438	populations	T081	C0032659
27860505	1447	1457	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	1458	1462	risk	T078	C0035647
27860505	1463	1472	decreased	T081	C0205216
27860505	1491	1500	selection	T054	C0024909
27860505	1519	1526	alleles	T028	C0002085
27860505	1538	1548	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
27860505	1549	1558	avoidance	T080	C2700409
27860505	1562	1572	preference	T078	C0558295
27860505	1574	1583	evolution	T045	C0015219
27860505	1620	1630	restricted	T169	C0443288
27860505	1635	1645	stochastic	T081	C0038347

27860542|t|Successful Fetal Tele-Echo at a Small Regional Hospital
27860542|a|Prenatal diagnosis of complex congenital heart disease (CHD) has been shown to improve newborn outcomes. The rate of prenatal diagnosis and access to fetal echocardiography vary widely across the United States. A clinical fetal tele-echo service was established at King's Daughters Medical Center (KDMC) in Ashland, KY, a region in eastern Kentucky that is 3 h from the nearest congenital heart surgeon. The aim of this study was to determine if fetal tele-echo utilizing local sonographers at a small regional hospital can accurately and efficiently identify fetuses with complex CHD. Medical records were reviewed for all mother-infant pairs who had fetal tele-echoes performed at KDMC and interpreted by University of Louisville pediatric cardiology between March 2011 and December 2013. Findings on fetal tele-echo were compared to newborn echo and clinical course, and divided into four groups: (1) Correct - no difference between fetal tele-echo and newborn echo, (2) Likely Correct-normal fetal tele-echo and benign newborn course, (3) Major Difference -one that affected newborn clinical course, and (4) Minor Difference -did not affect clinical course. Seventy-five mother-infant pairs were analyzed. Fetal tele-echoes were Correct in 21%, Likely Correct in 56%, showed Major Differences in 0%, and showed Minor Differences in 23%. For identifying complex CHD, fetal tele-echo had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The average number of fetal echocardiograms per mother-infant pair was 1.1. Fetal tele-echocardiography performed by local sonographers at a small regional hospital can accurately and efficiently identify fetuses with complex CHD.
27860542	0	10	Successful	T080	C1272703
27860542	11	26	Fetal Tele-Echo	T060	C0412564
27860542	32	55	Small Regional Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27860542	56	74	Prenatal diagnosis	T060	C0033053
27860542	78	85	complex	T080	C0439855
27860542	86	110	congenital heart disease	T019	C0152021
27860542	112	115	CHD	T019	C0152021
27860542	135	142	improve	T033	C0184511
27860542	143	150	newborn	T033	C2239178
27860542	151	159	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27860542	173	191	prenatal diagnosis	T060	C0033053
27860542	196	202	access	T082	C0444454
27860542	206	228	fetal echocardiography	T060	C0412564
27860542	252	265	United States	T083	C0041703
27860542	269	293	clinical fetal tele-echo	T060	C0412564
27860542	321	352	King's Daughters Medical Center	T073,T093	C0565990
27860542	354	358	KDMC	T073,T093	C0565990
27860542	363	370	Ashland	T083	C3811365
27860542	372	374	KY	T083	C0022557
27860542	388	404	eastern Kentucky	T083	C0022557
27860542	434	458	congenital heart surgeon	T097	C0334892
27860542	476	481	study	T062	C2603343
27860542	502	517	fetal tele-echo	T060	C0412564
27860542	528	546	local sonographers	T097	C1954848
27860542	552	575	small regional hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27860542	580	590	accurately	T080	C0443131
27860542	595	606	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27860542	616	623	fetuses	T018	C0015965
27860542	629	636	complex	T080	C0439855
27860542	637	640	CHD	T019	C0152021
27860542	642	657	Medical records	T170	C0025102
27860542	663	671	reviewed	T080	C1709940
27860542	680	699	mother-infant pairs	T058	C0596977
27860542	708	725	fetal tele-echoes	T060	C0412564
27860542	726	735	performed	T169	C0884358
27860542	739	743	KDMC	T073,T093	C0565990
27860542	748	759	interpreted	T169	C1285553
27860542	763	808	University of Louisville pediatric cardiology	T073,T093	C0020028
27860542	847	855	Findings	T033	C0243095
27860542	859	874	fetal tele-echo	T060	C0412564
27860542	892	899	newborn	T100	C0021289
27860542	892	899	newborn	T100	C0021289
27860542	900	904	echo	T060	C0013516
27860542	909	924	clinical course	T079	C0449259
27860542	960	967	Correct	T080	C2349182
27860542	970	983	no difference	T033	C3842396
27860542	992	1007	fetal tele-echo	T060	C0412564
27860542	1012	1019	newborn	T100	C0021289
27860542	1020	1024	echo	T060	C0013516
27860542	1052	1067	fetal tele-echo	T060	C0412564
27860542	1079	1086	newborn	T100	C0021289
27860542	1099	1115	Major Difference	T081	C1705241
27860542	1126	1134	affected	T169	C0392760
27860542	1135	1142	newborn	T100	C0021289
27860542	1135	1142	newborn	T033	C2239178
27860542	1143	1158	clinical course	T079	C0449259
27860542	1168	1184	Minor Difference	T081	C1705241
27860542	1201	1216	clinical course	T079	C0449259
27860542	1231	1250	mother-infant pairs	T058	C0596977
27860542	1256	1264	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27860542	1266	1283	Fetal tele-echoes	T060	C0412564
27860542	1289	1296	Correct	T080	C2349182
27860542	1312	1319	Correct	T080	C2349182
27860542	1335	1352	Major Differences	T081	C1705241
27860542	1371	1388	Minor Differences	T081	C1705241
27860542	1413	1420	complex	T080	C0439855
27860542	1421	1424	CHD	T019	C0152021
27860542	1426	1441	fetal tele-echo	T060	C0412564
27860542	1448	1459	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27860542	1464	1475	specificity	T081	C0037791
27860542	1507	1528	fetal echocardiograms	T060	C0278336
27860542	1533	1551	mother-infant pair	T058	C0596977
27860542	1561	1588	Fetal tele-echocardiography	T060	C0412564
27860542	1589	1598	performed	T169	C0884358
27860542	1602	1620	local sonographers	T097	C1954848
27860542	1626	1649	small regional hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27860542	1654	1664	accurately	T080	C0443131
27860542	1669	1680	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27860542	1690	1697	fetuses	T018	C0015965
27860542	1703	1710	complex	T080	C0439855
27860542	1711	1714	CHD	T019	C0152021

27861593|t|Neutrophil and Monocyte Function in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Undergoing Antiviral Therapy with Regimens Containing Protease Inhibitors with and without Interferon
27861593|a|Real-life data showed an increased incidence of bacterial infections in patients with advanced liver disease receiving a protease inhibitor (PI)-containing antiviral regimen against hepatitis C (HCV). However, the causes of this event are unknown. We hypothesized that PIs might impair innate immune responses through the inhibition of proteases participating in the anti-bacterial functions of neutrophils and monocytes. The aims of the study were to assess phagocytic and oxidative burst capacity in neutrophils and monocytes obtained from patients receiving a PI containing- antiviral regimen, and to determine cytokine secretion after neutrophil stimulation with flagellin. Forty patients with chronic HCV (80% with cirrhosis) were enrolled in the study, 28 received triple therapy (Group A) with pegylated-interferon and ribavirin for 4 weeks followed by the addition of a PI (telaprevir, boceprevir or simeprevir), and 12 patients received an interferon -free regimen (Group B) with simeprevir and sofosbuvir. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst capacity were analyzed by flow cytometry at baseline, week 4, and week 8 of therapy. In neutrophils from Group A patients, oxidative burst rate and oxidative enzymatic activity per cell significantly decreased throughout the study period (p = 0.014 and p = 0.010, respectively). Pairwise comparisons showed a decrease between baseline and week 4 and 8 of therapy. No differences were observed after the introduction of the PI. The oxidative enzymatic activity per cell in monocytes significantly decrease during the study period (p = 0.042) due to a decrease from baseline to week 8 of therapy (p = 0.037) in patients from Group A. None of these findings were observed in Group B patients. Cytokine secretion did not significantly change during the study in both groups. In conclusion, our data suggest that the use interferon (rather than the PI) has a deleterious effect on neutrophil and monocyte phagocytic and oxidative burst capacity in this cohort of patients with HCV -related advanced liver fibrosis.
27861593	0	10	Neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27861593	15	23	Monocyte	T025	C0026473
27861593	24	32	Function	T043	C0007613
27861593	36	44	Patients	T101	C0030705
27861593	50	69	Chronic Hepatitis C	T047	C0524910
27861593	81	98	Antiviral Therapy	T061	C0280274
27861593	104	112	Regimens	T061	C0040808
27861593	124	143	Protease Inhibitors	T121	C0033607
27861593	161	171	Interferon	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
27861593	172	186	Real-life data	T078	C1511726
27861593	197	206	increased	T081	C0205217
27861593	207	216	incidence	T081	C0021149
27861593	220	240	bacterial infections	T047	C0004623
27861593	244	252	patients	T101	C0030705
27861593	267	280	liver disease	T047	C0023895
27861593	281	290	receiving	T080	C1514756
27861593	293	311	protease inhibitor	T121	C0033607
27861593	313	315	PI	T121	C0033607
27861593	328	345	antiviral regimen	T061	C0040808
27861593	354	365	hepatitis C	T005	C0220847
27861593	367	370	HCV	T005	C0220847
27861593	441	444	PIs	T121	C0033607
27861593	458	481	innate immune responses	T032	C0020969
27861593	494	517	inhibition of proteases	T039	C1524081
27861593	539	563	anti-bacterial functions	T039	C0544570
27861593	567	578	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27861593	583	592	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27861593	610	615	study	T077	C1706256
27861593	624	630	assess	T058	C0184514
27861593	631	661	phagocytic and oxidative burst	T043	C0085416
27861593	662	670	capacity	T081	C1516240
27861593	674	685	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27861593	690	699	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27861593	714	722	patients	T101	C0030705
27861593	723	732	receiving	T080	C1514756
27861593	735	737	PI	T121	C0033607
27861593	750	767	antiviral regimen	T061	C0040808
27861593	786	804	cytokine secretion	T043	C1327414
27861593	811	821	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27861593	822	833	stimulation	T043	C0007613
27861593	839	848	flagellin	T116,T123	C0016194
27861593	856	864	patients	T101	C0030705
27861593	870	881	chronic HCV	T047	C0524910
27861593	892	901	cirrhosis	T047	C0023890
27861593	924	929	study	T077	C1706256
27861593	934	942	received	T080	C1514756
27861593	943	957	triple therapy	T061	C0087111
27861593	959	966	Group A	T185	C0441835
27861593	973	993	pegylated-interferon	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
27861593	998	1007	ribavirin	T114,T121	C0035525
27861593	1014	1019	weeks	T079	C0439230
27861593	1050	1052	PI	T121	C0033607
27861593	1054	1064	telaprevir	T116,T121	C1876229
27861593	1066	1076	boceprevir	T116,T121	C1738934
27861593	1080	1090	simeprevir	T109,T121	C2605855
27861593	1100	1108	patients	T101	C0030705
27861593	1109	1117	received	T080	C1514756
27861593	1121	1131	interferon	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
27861593	1121	1145	interferon -free regimen	T061	C0040808
27861593	1147	1154	Group B	T185	C0008902
27861593	1161	1171	simeprevir	T109,T121	C2605855
27861593	1176	1186	sofosbuvir	T114,T121	C2976303
27861593	1188	1220	Phagocytosis and oxidative burst	T043	C0085416
27861593	1221	1229	capacity	T081	C1516240
27861593	1247	1261	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27861593	1265	1273	baseline	T081	C1442488
27861593	1275	1279	week	T079	C0439230
27861593	1287	1291	week	T079	C0439230
27861593	1297	1304	therapy	T061	C0087111
27861593	1309	1320	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27861593	1326	1333	Group A	T185	C0441835
27861593	1334	1342	patients	T101	C0030705
27861593	1344	1359	oxidative burst	T043	C0085416
27861593	1360	1364	rate	T081	C1521828
27861593	1369	1378	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27861593	1379	1406	enzymatic activity per cell	T044	C2267219
27861593	1421	1430	decreased	T081	C0205216
27861593	1446	1458	study period	T079	C1254367
27861593	1500	1520	Pairwise comparisons	T081	C0086766
27861593	1530	1538	decrease	T081	C0547047
27861593	1547	1555	baseline	T081	C1442488
27861593	1560	1564	week	T079	C0439230
27861593	1576	1583	therapy	T061	C0087111
27861593	1624	1636	introduction	T061	C1293116
27861593	1644	1646	PI	T121	C0033607
27861593	1652	1661	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27861593	1662	1689	enzymatic activity per cell	T044	C2267219
27861593	1693	1702	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27861593	1717	1725	decrease	T081	C0547047
27861593	1737	1749	study period	T079	C1254367
27861593	1771	1779	decrease	T081	C0547047
27861593	1785	1793	baseline	T081	C1442488
27861593	1797	1801	week	T079	C0439230
27861593	1807	1814	therapy	T061	C0087111
27861593	1830	1838	patients	T101	C0030705
27861593	1844	1851	Group A	T185	C0441835
27861593	1867	1875	findings	T169	C2607943
27861593	1893	1900	Group B	T185	C0008902
27861593	1901	1909	patients	T101	C0030705
27861593	1911	1929	Cytokine secretion	T043	C1327414
27861593	1970	1975	study	T077	C1706256
27861593	1984	1990	groups	T078	C0441833
27861593	2011	2015	data	T078	C1511726
27861593	2037	2047	interferon	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
27861593	2065	2067	PI	T121	C0033607
27861593	2075	2093	deleterious effect	T080	C1280500
27861593	2097	2107	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27861593	2112	2120	monocyte	T025	C0026473
27861593	2121	2151	phagocytic and oxidative burst	T043	C0085416
27861593	2152	2160	capacity	T081	C1516240
27861593	2169	2175	cohort	T098	C0599755
27861593	2179	2187	patients	T101	C0030705
27861593	2193	2196	HCV	T005	C0220847
27861593	2206	2229	advanced liver fibrosis	T047	C0239946

27861606|t|Predominance of Clostridium difficile Ribotypes 017 and 078 among Toxigenic Clinical Isolates in Southern Taiwan
27861606|a|Ribotypes and toxin genotypes of clinical C. difficile isolates in Taiwan are rarely reported. A prospective surveillance study from January 2011 to January 2013 was conducted at the medical wards of a district hospital in southern Taiwan. Of the first toxigenic isolates from 120 patients, 68 (56.7%) of 120 isolates possessed both tcdA and tcdB. Of 52 (43.3%) with tcdB and truncated tcdA (tcdA-/tcdB+), all were ribotype 017 and none had binary toxin or tcdC deletion. Eighteen (15%) toxigenic isolates harbored binary toxins (cdtA and cdtB) and all had tcdC deletion, including Δ39 (C184T) deletion (14 isolates), Δ18 in-frame deletion (3 isolates), and Δ18 (Δ117A) deletion (1 isolate). Eleven of 14 isolates with Δ39 (C184T) deletion belonged to the ribotype 078 family, including ribotype 127 (6 isolates), ribotype 126 (4 isolates), and ribotype 078 (1 isolate). Among 8 patients with consecutive C. difficile isolates, these isolates from 6 (75%) patients were identical, irrespective of the presence or absence of diarrhea, suggestive of persistent fecal carriage or colonization. In conclusion in southern Taiwan, ribotype 017 isolates with a tcdA-/tcdB+ genotype were not uncommon and of C. difficile isolates with binary toxin, the ribotype 078 family was predominant.
27861606	16	37	Clostridium difficile	T007	C0079134
27861606	38	51	Ribotypes 017	T034	C0887835
27861606	56	59	078	T034	C0887835
27861606	66	75	Toxigenic	T123,T131	C0040549
27861606	76	93	Clinical Isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	97	105	Southern	T082	C1710133
27861606	106	112	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27861606	113	122	Ribotypes	T034	C0887835
27861606	127	132	toxin	T123,T131	C0040549
27861606	133	142	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27861606	146	154	clinical	T080	C0205210
27861606	155	167	C. difficile	T007	C0079134
27861606	168	176	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	180	186	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27861606	222	234	surveillance	T169	C0220920
27861606	246	253	January	T080	C3829466
27861606	262	269	January	T080	C3829466
27861606	296	309	medical wards	T073,T093	C1305702
27861606	315	332	district hospital	T073,T093	C0020006
27861606	336	344	southern	T082	C1710133
27861606	345	351	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27861606	366	375	toxigenic	T123,T131	C0040549
27861606	376	384	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	394	402	patients	T101	C0030705
27861606	422	430	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	446	450	tcdA	T028	C2599375
27861606	455	459	tcdB	T028	C2599375
27861606	480	484	tcdB	T028	C2599375
27861606	489	503	truncated tcdA	T028	C2599375
27861606	505	516	tcdA-/tcdB+	T028	C2599375
27861606	528	540	ribotype 017	T034	C0887835
27861606	554	566	binary toxin	T116,T123,T131	C0004630
27861606	570	574	tcdC	T028	C2599375
27861606	575	583	deletion	T045	C0017260
27861606	600	609	toxigenic	T123,T131	C0040549
27861606	610	618	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	628	641	binary toxins	T116,T123,T131	C0004630
27861606	643	647	cdtA	T028	C2599375
27861606	652	656	cdtB	T028	C2599375
27861606	670	674	tcdC	T028	C2599375
27861606	675	683	deletion	T045	C0017260
27861606	695	715	Δ39 (C184T) deletion	T045	C0017260
27861606	720	728	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	731	752	Δ18 in-frame deletion	T045	C0017260
27861606	756	764	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	771	791	Δ18 (Δ117A) deletion	T045	C0017260
27861606	795	802	isolate	T123	C1764827
27861606	818	826	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	832	852	Δ39 (C184T) deletion	T045	C0017260
27861606	869	881	ribotype 078	T034	C0887835
27861606	900	912	ribotype 127	T034	C0887835
27861606	916	924	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	927	939	ribotype 126	T034	C0887835
27861606	943	951	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	958	970	ribotype 078	T034	C0887835
27861606	974	981	isolate	T123	C1764827
27861606	992	1000	patients	T101	C0030705
27861606	1006	1017	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27861606	1018	1030	C. difficile	T007	C0079134
27861606	1031	1039	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	1047	1055	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	1069	1077	patients	T101	C0030705
27861606	1083	1092	identical	T080	C0205280
27861606	1114	1122	presence	T033	C0150312
27861606	1126	1133	absence	T169	C0332197
27861606	1137	1145	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27861606	1161	1186	persistent fecal carriage	T033	C0243095
27861606	1190	1202	colonization	T033	C2747813
27861606	1207	1217	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27861606	1221	1229	southern	T082	C1710133
27861606	1230	1236	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
27861606	1238	1250	ribotype 017	T034	C0887835
27861606	1251	1259	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	1267	1287	tcdA-/tcdB+ genotype	T032	C0017431
27861606	1313	1325	C. difficile	T007	C0079134
27861606	1326	1334	isolates	T123	C1764827
27861606	1340	1352	binary toxin	T116,T123,T131	C0004630
27861606	1358	1370	ribotype 078	T034	C0887835

27861652|t|Surface Modification of Porous Titanium Granules for Improving Bioactivity
27861652|a|The highly porous titanium granules are currently being used as bone substitute material and for bone tissue augmentation. However, they suffer from weak bone bonding ability. The aim of this study was to create a nanostructured surface oxide layer on irregularly shaped titanium granules to improve their bioactivity. This could be achieved using optimized electrochemical anodic oxidation (anodizing) and heat treatment processes. The anodizing process was done in an ethylene glycol -based electrolyte at an optimized condition of 60 V for 3 hours. The anodized granules were subsequently annealed at 450°C for 1 hour. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the surface structure and morphology of the granules. The in vitro bioactivity of the samples was evaluated by immersion of specimens in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1, 2, and 3 weeks. The human osteoblastic sarcoma cell line, MG63, was used to evaluate cell viability on the samples using dimethylthiazol-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results demonstrated the formation of amorphous nanostructured titanium oxide after anodizing, which transformed to crystalline anatase and rutile phases upon heat treatment. After immersion in SBF, spherical aggregates of amorphous calcium phosphate were formed on the surface of the anodized sample, which turned into crystalline hydroxyapatite on the surface of the anodized annealed sample. No cytotoxicity was detected among the samples. It is suggested that anodic oxidation followed by heat treatment could be used as an effective surface treatment procedure to improve bioactivity of titanium granules implemented for bone tissue repair and augmentation.
27861652	0	7	Surface	T082	C0205148
27861652	8	20	Modification	T033	C3840684
27861652	24	48	Porous Titanium Granules	T122	C0005479
27861652	63	74	Bioactivity	T052	C0441655
27861652	86	110	porous titanium granules	T122	C0005479
27861652	139	163	bone substitute material	T122	C0243003
27861652	172	183	bone tissue	T024	C0391978
27861652	184	196	augmentation	T061	C1293122
27861652	224	228	weak	T080	C1762617
27861652	229	233	bone	T023	C0262950
27861652	234	241	bonding	T067	C1254366
27861652	242	249	ability	T080	C0205556
27861652	289	303	nanostructured	T082	C1254362
27861652	304	311	surface	T082	C0205148
27861652	312	323	oxide layer	T080	C1522408
27861652	327	338	irregularly	T080	C0205271
27861652	339	345	shaped	T082	C0332479
27861652	346	363	titanium granules	T122	C0005479
27861652	381	392	bioactivity	T052	C0441655
27861652	423	465	optimized electrochemical anodic oxidation	T067	C1254366
27861652	467	476	anodizing	T067	C1254366
27861652	482	506	heat treatment processes	T067	C1254366
27861652	512	529	anodizing process	T067	C1254366
27861652	545	560	ethylene glycol	T109,T131	C0015083
27861652	568	579	electrolyte	T121,T197	C0013832
27861652	586	605	optimized condition	T080	C0348080
27861652	631	648	anodized granules	T167	C3853628
27861652	667	675	annealed	T067	C1254366
27861652	697	725	Scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27861652	727	730	SEM	T059	C0026020
27861652	733	769	energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy	T059	C2699997
27861652	771	774	EDS	T059	C2699997
27861652	781	798	x-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
27861652	800	803	XRD	T059	C0043301
27861652	818	830	characterize	T052	C1880022
27861652	835	842	surface	T082	C0205148
27861652	843	852	structure	T082	C0678594
27861652	857	867	morphology	T082	C0543482
27861652	875	883	granules	T167	C3853628
27861652	889	897	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27861652	898	909	bioactivity	T052	C0441655
27861652	917	924	samples	T167	C0370003
27861652	929	938	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27861652	942	951	immersion	T052	C0441655
27861652	955	964	specimens	T167	C0370003
27861652	968	988	simulated body fluid	T031	C0005889
27861652	990	993	SBF	T031	C0005889
27861652	1011	1016	weeks	T079	C0439230
27861652	1022	1058	human osteoblastic sarcoma cell line	T025	C0682523
27861652	1028	1048	osteoblastic sarcoma	T191	C1704328
27861652	1060	1064	MG63	T025	C0682523
27861652	1078	1086	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27861652	1087	1101	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27861652	1109	1116	samples	T167	C0370003
27861652	1123	1179	dimethylthiazol-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay	T062	C2986858
27861652	1210	1219	formation	T169	C1522492
27861652	1223	1232	amorphous	T080	C1979848
27861652	1233	1247	nanostructured	T082	C1254362
27861652	1248	1262	titanium oxide	T121,T197	C0076733
27861652	1269	1278	anodizing	T067	C1254366
27861652	1301	1312	crystalline	T104	C0444626
27861652	1313	1320	anatase	T121,T197	C0103202
27861652	1325	1331	rutile	T121,T197	C0141060
27861652	1332	1338	phases	T079	C0205390
27861652	1344	1358	heat treatment	T067	C1254366
27861652	1366	1375	immersion	T052	C0441655
27861652	1379	1382	SBF	T031	C0005889
27861652	1384	1393	spherical	T082	C0332501
27861652	1394	1404	aggregates	T080	C0205418
27861652	1408	1417	amorphous	T080	C1979848
27861652	1418	1435	calcium phosphate	T121,T197	C0006711
27861652	1455	1462	surface	T082	C0205148
27861652	1470	1485	anodized sample	T167	C0439861
27861652	1505	1516	crystalline	T104	C0444626
27861652	1517	1531	hydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27861652	1539	1546	surface	T082	C0205148
27861652	1554	1578	anodized annealed sample	T167	C0439861
27861652	1580	1582	No	T033	C1513916
27861652	1583	1595	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27861652	1600	1608	detected	T033	C0442726
27861652	1619	1626	samples	T167	C0370003
27861652	1649	1665	anodic oxidation	T067	C1254366
27861652	1678	1692	heat treatment	T067	C1254366
27861652	1723	1750	surface treatment procedure	T067	C1254366
27861652	1762	1773	bioactivity	T052	C0441655
27861652	1777	1794	titanium granules	T122	C0005479
27861652	1811	1822	bone tissue	T024	C0391978
27861652	1823	1829	repair	T061	C0374711
27861652	1834	1846	augmentation	T061	C1293122

27861731|t|Identification of mineral - binding peptides that discriminate between chalcopyrite and enargite
27861731|a|Innovative approaches to the separation of minerals and subsequent extraction of metals are imperative owing to the increasing mineralogical complexity of ore deposits that are difficult or even impossible to separate into slurries or solutions containing only the minerals or metals of interest. Low recovery of metal is typical for these complex deposits leading to significant losses to tailings. In addition, the minerals often contain impurities, some toxic, which are difficult and costly to control or manage during the processing of a concentrate or other mineral product. One example of this complex situation is the significant economic and environmental costs associated with diluting and processing copper concentrates containing arsenic (in the form of the mineral enargite, Cu3 AsS4) in the production of pure copper. To overcome these separation problems, we have utilized phage display to identify peptides that demonstrate selective recognition of enargite and the arsenic - free copper sulfide, chalcopyrite. Screening of two random peptide phage display libraries resulted in the identification of an enargite - selective peptide with the sequence MHKPTVHIKGPT and a chalcopyrite - selective peptide with the sequence RKKKCKGNCCYTPQ. Mineral - binding selectivity was demonstrated by binding studies, zeta potential determination and immunochemistry. Peptides that have the ability to discriminate between enargite and chalcopyrite provide a greener option for the separation of arsenic containing contaminants from copper concentrates. This represents the first step towards a major advance in the replacement or reduction of toxic collectors as well as reducing the level of arsenic - bearing minerals in the early stages of mineral processing. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;9999: 1-8. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
27861731	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
27861731	18	25	mineral	T197	C0026162
27861731	28	35	binding	T052	C1145667
27861731	36	44	peptides	T116	C0030956
27861731	50	62	discriminate	T080	C0205235
27861731	71	83	chalcopyrite	T197	C0605435
27861731	88	96	enargite	T197	C0026162
27861731	126	136	separation	T080	C0443299
27861731	140	148	minerals	T197	C0026162
27861731	153	163	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27861731	164	174	extraction	T059	C0684295
27861731	178	184	metals	T197	C0025552
27861731	189	199	imperative	T080	C3898777
27861731	213	223	increasing	T169	C0442808
27861731	224	237	mineralogical	T197	C0026162
27861731	238	248	complexity	T080	C0439855
27861731	252	264	ore deposits	T197	C0026162
27861731	274	283	difficult	T080	C0332218
27861731	292	302	impossible	T033	C0243095
27861731	306	314	separate	T080	C0443299
27861731	320	328	slurries	T167	C1883043
27861731	332	341	solutions	T167	C0037633
27861731	342	352	containing	T169	C0332256
27861731	362	370	minerals	T197	C0026162
27861731	374	380	metals	T197	C0025552
27861731	394	397	Low	T080	C0205251
27861731	398	406	recovery	T052	C0237820
27861731	410	415	metal	T197	C0026162
27861731	419	426	typical	T080	C3538928
27861731	437	444	complex	T080	C0439855
27861731	445	453	deposits	T197	C0026162
27861731	465	476	significant	T078	C0750502
27861731	477	483	losses	T081	C1517945
27861731	487	495	tailings	T069,T131	C0021265
27861731	497	508	In addition	T169	C0332287
27861731	514	522	minerals	T197	C0026162
27861731	537	547	impurities	T167	C2827365
27861731	554	559	toxic	T080	C1407029
27861731	571	580	difficult	T080	C0332218
27861731	585	591	costly	T169	C0220812
27861731	595	602	control	T169	C2587213
27861731	624	634	processing	T052	C1709694
27861731	640	651	concentrate	T080	C4283884
27861731	661	668	mineral	T197	C0026162
27861731	669	676	product	T071	C1514468
27861731	682	689	example	T077	C1707959
27861731	698	705	complex	T080	C0439855
27861731	723	734	significant	T078	C0750502
27861731	735	743	economic	T169	C0013557
27861731	748	761	environmental	T082	C0014406
27861731	762	767	costs	T081	C0010186
27861731	768	783	associated with	T080	C0332281
27861731	784	792	diluting	T169	C1948037
27861731	797	807	processing	T052	C1709694
27861731	808	814	copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27861731	815	827	concentrates	T080	C4283884
27861731	828	838	containing	T169	C0332256
27861731	839	846	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27861731	867	883	mineral enargite	T197	C0026162
27861731	885	893	Cu3 AsS4	T197	C0026162
27861731	902	912	production	T057	C0033268
27861731	916	920	pure	T081	C1882508
27861731	921	927	copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27861731	947	957	separation	T080	C0443299
27861731	958	966	problems	T033	C0033213
27861731	985	998	phage display	T063	C1519025
27861731	1002	1010	identify	T080	C0205396
27861731	1011	1019	peptides	T116	C0030956
27861731	1037	1046	selective	T080	C0205556
27861731	1047	1058	recognition	T080	C0205396
27861731	1062	1070	enargite	T197	C0026162
27861731	1079	1086	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27861731	1089	1093	free	T169	C0332296
27861731	1094	1108	copper sulfide	T197	C0389357
27861731	1110	1122	chalcopyrite	T197	C0605435
27861731	1141	1147	random	T080	C0439605
27861731	1148	1179	peptide phage display libraries	T116,T130	C0751719
27861731	1196	1210	identification	T080	C0205396
27861731	1217	1225	enargite	T197	C0026162
27861731	1228	1237	selective	T080	C0205556
27861731	1238	1245	peptide	T116	C0030956
27861731	1255	1276	sequence MHKPTVHIKGPT	T087	C0002518
27861731	1283	1295	chalcopyrite	T197	C0605435
27861731	1298	1307	selective	T080	C0205556
27861731	1308	1315	peptide	T116	C0030956
27861731	1325	1348	sequence RKKKCKGNCCYTPQ	T087	C0002518
27861731	1350	1357	Mineral	T197	C0026162
27861731	1360	1367	binding	T052	C1145667
27861731	1368	1379	selectivity	T080	C0205556
27861731	1400	1407	binding	T052	C1145667
27861731	1408	1415	studies	T062	C2603343
27861731	1417	1431	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
27861731	1432	1445	determination	T059	C1148554
27861731	1450	1465	immunochemistry	T091	C0020986
27861731	1467	1475	Peptides	T116	C0030956
27861731	1490	1497	ability	T033	C1299581
27861731	1501	1513	discriminate	T080	C0205235
27861731	1522	1530	enargite	T197	C0026162
27861731	1535	1547	chalcopyrite	T197	C0605435
27861731	1566	1572	option	T169	C1518601
27861731	1581	1591	separation	T080	C0443299
27861731	1595	1602	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27861731	1603	1613	containing	T169	C0332256
27861731	1614	1626	contaminants	T167	C2827365
27861731	1632	1638	copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27861731	1639	1651	concentrates	T080	C4283884
27861731	1694	1699	major	T080	C0205164
27861731	1700	1707	advance	T079	C3854260
27861731	1715	1726	replacement	T169	C0559956
27861731	1730	1739	reduction	T080	C0392756
27861731	1743	1748	toxic	T080	C1407029
27861731	1749	1759	collectors	T169	C1516698
27861731	1771	1779	reducing	T080	C0392756
27861731	1784	1789	level	T080	C0441889
27861731	1793	1800	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27861731	1803	1810	bearing	T052	C0206243
27861731	1811	1819	minerals	T197	C0026162
27861731	1827	1832	early	T079	C1279919
27861731	1833	1839	stages	T079	C1306673
27861731	1843	1850	mineral	T197	C0026162
27861731	1851	1861	processing	T052	C1709694

27861771|t|High-density lipoprotein -associated sphingosine-1-phosphate activity in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia
27861771|a|Patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) suffer from high plasma cholesterol and an environment of increased oxidative stress. We examined its potential effects on high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) content (HDL - S1P) and HDL -mediated protection against oxidative stress, both with and without statin treatment. In a case-control study, HDL was isolated from 12 FH patients with and without statin treatment and from 12 healthy controls. The HDL - S1P content and the capacity of HDL to protect cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress in vitro were measured. HDL -associated S1P was significantly correlated with cell protection, but not with HDL-cholesterol or apolipoprotein AI. The latter did not correlate with HDL -mediated cell protection. Neither the HDL - S1P content nor HDL protective capacity differed between nontreated FH patients and controls. The relative amounts of apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein M were similar between controls and FH patients. Statin treatment had no effect on any of these measures. The FH environment is not detrimental to HDL - S1P content or HDL - S1P -mediated cell protection. Statin treatment does not modulate HDL function in this regard.
27861771	0	24	High-density lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	37	60	sphingosine-1-phosphate	T109	C0074992
27861771	73	116	heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia	T047	C0342882
27861771	117	125	Patients	T101	C0030705
27861771	131	174	heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia	T047	C0342882
27861771	176	178	FH	T047	C0342882
27861771	180	186	suffer	T184	C0751408
27861771	192	215	high plasma cholesterol	T033	C0858226
27861771	223	234	environment	T082	C0014406
27861771	248	264	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27861771	303	327	high-density lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	329	332	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	345	368	sphingosine-1-phosphate	T109	C0074992
27861771	370	373	S1P	T109	C0074992
27861771	384	387	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	390	393	S1P	T109	C0074992
27861771	399	402	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	413	448	protection against oxidative stress	T039	C3823580
27861771	472	488	statin treatment	T058	C1314135
27861771	495	513	case-control study	T062	C0007328
27861771	515	518	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	523	531	isolated	T169	C0205409
27861771	540	542	FH	T047	C0342882
27861771	543	551	patients	T101	C0030705
27861771	569	585	statin treatment	T058	C1314135
27861771	598	614	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27861771	620	623	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	626	629	S1P	T109	C0074992
27861771	658	661	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	665	672	protect	T033	C1545588
27861771	673	687	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27861771	696	712	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27861771	713	721	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27861771	737	740	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	753	756	S1P	T109	C0074992
27861771	791	806	cell protection	T039	C0524828
27861771	821	836	HDL-cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
27861771	840	857	apolipoprotein AI	T116,T123	C0085201
27861771	893	896	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	907	922	cell protection	T039	C0524828
27861771	936	939	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	942	945	S1P	T109	C0074992
27861771	958	961	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	1010	1012	FH	T047	C0342882
27861771	1013	1021	patients	T101	C0030705
27861771	1060	1077	apolipoprotein AI	T116,T123	C0085201
27861771	1082	1098	apolipoprotein M	T116,T123	C1438565
27861771	1133	1135	FH	T047	C0342882
27861771	1136	1144	patients	T101	C0030705
27861771	1146	1162	Statin treatment	T058	C1314135
27861771	1207	1209	FH	T047	C0342882
27861771	1210	1221	environment	T082	C0014406
27861771	1244	1247	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	1250	1253	S1P	T109	C0074992
27861771	1265	1268	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
27861771	1271	1274	S1P	T109	C0074992
27861771	1285	1300	cell protection	T039	C0524828
27861771	1302	1318	Statin treatment	T058	C1314135
27861771	1337	1340	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821

27862448|t|A protocol for pressurized liquid extraction and processing methods to isolate modern and ancient bone cholesterol for compound-specific stable isotope analysis
27862448|a|Bone lipid compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and bone collagen and apatite stable isotope ratio analysis are important sources of ecological and paleodietary information. Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is quicker and utilizes less solvent than traditional methods of lipid extraction such as soxhlet and ultrasonication. This study facilitates dietary analysis by optimizing and testing a standardized methodology for PLE of bone cholesterol. Modern and archaeological bones were extracted by PLE using varied temperatures, solvent solutions, and sample weights. The efficiency of PLE was assessed via quantification of cholesterol yields. Stable isotopic ratio integrity was evaluated by comparing isotopic signatures (δ(13) C and δ(18) O values) of cholesterol derived from whole bone, bone collagen and bone apatite. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS) were conducted on purified collagen and lipid extracts to assess isotopic responses to PLE. Lipid yield was optimized at two PLE extraction cycles of 75 °C using dichloromethane / methanol (2:1 v/v) as a solvent with 0.25-0.75 g bone sample. Following lipid extraction, saponification combined with the derivatization of the neutral fraction using trimethylsilylation yielded nearly twice the cholesterol of non-saponified or non-derivatized samples. It was also found that lipids extracted from purified bone collagen and apatite could be used for cholesterol CSIA. There was no difference in the bulk δ(13) C values of collagen extracted from bone with or without lipid. However, there was a significant depletion in (18) O of bone apatite due to lipid presence or processing. These results should assist sample selection and provide an effective, alternative extraction method for bone cholesterol that may be used for isotopic and paleodietary analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
27862448	15	44	pressurized liquid extraction	T059	C0684295
27862448	49	59	processing	T052	C1709694
27862448	98	102	bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	103	114	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27862448	137	151	stable isotope	T196	C0302918
27862448	152	160	analysis	T059	C0002778
27862448	161	165	Bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	166	171	lipid	T109	C0023779
27862448	172	206	compound-specific isotope analysis	T059	C0002778
27862448	208	212	CSIA	T059	C0002778
27862448	218	222	bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	223	231	collagen	T116	C0009325
27862448	236	243	apatite	T197	C0003522
27862448	244	258	stable isotope	T196	C0302918
27862448	259	264	ratio	T081	C0456603
27862448	265	273	analysis	T059	C0002778
27862448	299	309	ecological	T070	C0162358
27862448	314	326	paleodietary	T168	C0012155
27862448	340	369	Pressurized liquid extraction	T059	C0684295
27862448	371	374	PLE	T059	C0684295
27862448	379	386	quicker	T080	C0456962
27862448	400	404	less	T080	C0547044
27862448	405	412	solvent	T130	C0037638
27862448	418	437	traditional methods	T080	C0439858
27862448	441	446	lipid	T109	C0023779
27862448	441	446	lipid	T109	C0023779
27862448	466	473	soxhlet	T059	C0684295
27862448	478	493	ultrasonication	T062	C0037680
27862448	518	525	dietary	T168	C0012155
27862448	526	534	analysis	T059	C0002778
27862448	563	575	standardized	T080	C1442989
27862448	576	587	methodology	T078	C3266812
27862448	592	595	PLE	T059	C0684295
27862448	599	603	bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	604	615	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27862448	617	623	Modern	T079	C0521116
27862448	628	642	archaeological	T090	C0003733
27862448	643	648	bones	T023	C0262950
27862448	667	670	PLE	T059	C0684295
27862448	684	696	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27862448	698	715	solvent solutions	T130	C0037638
27862448	721	727	sample	UnknownType	C0444227
27862448	728	735	weights	T081	C0043100
27862448	741	751	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27862448	755	758	PLE	T059	C0684295
27862448	776	790	quantification	T081	C1709793
27862448	794	805	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27862448	814	829	Stable isotopic	T196	C0302918
27862448	830	835	ratio	T081	C0456603
27862448	836	845	integrity	T080	C1947912
27862448	873	881	isotopic	T080	C4038403
27862448	882	892	signatures	T201	C0005516
27862448	894	901	δ(13) C	T196	C0007017
27862448	906	913	δ(18) O	T121,T196	C0030061
27862448	914	920	values	T081	C1522609
27862448	925	936	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27862448	956	960	bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	962	966	bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	967	975	collagen	T116	C0009325
27862448	980	984	bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	985	992	apatite	T197	C0003522
27862448	994	1030	Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry	T059	C0024868
27862448	1032	1037	GC/MS	T059	C0024868
27862448	1043	1093	gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry	T059	C0024868
27862448	1095	1102	GC/IRMS	T059	C0024868
27862448	1122	1130	purified	T169	C1998793
27862448	1131	1139	collagen	T116	C0009325
27862448	1144	1149	lipid	T109	C0023779
27862448	1150	1158	extracts	T167	C2828366
27862448	1191	1194	PLE	T059	C0684295
27862448	1196	1201	Lipid	T109	C0023779
27862448	1202	1207	yield	T081	C0392762
27862448	1212	1221	optimized	T052	C2698650
27862448	1229	1243	PLE extraction	T059	C0684295
27862448	1266	1281	dichloromethane	T109,T121,T131	C0025748
27862448	1284	1292	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27862448	1308	1315	solvent	T130	C0037638
27862448	1333	1344	bone sample	UnknownType	C0444227
27862448	1356	1361	lipid	T109	C0023779
27862448	1362	1372	extraction	T059	C0684295
27862448	1374	1388	saponification	T067	C0596319
27862448	1407	1421	derivatization	T067	C0596319
27862448	1429	1436	neutral	T080	C1882074
27862448	1437	1445	fraction	T081	C1264633
27862448	1452	1471	trimethylsilylation	T109	C0041051
27862448	1497	1508	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27862448	1512	1526	non-saponified	T033	C0243095
27862448	1530	1545	non-derivatized	T033	C0243095
27862448	1546	1553	samples	UnknownType	C0444227
27862448	1578	1584	lipids	T109	C0023779
27862448	1585	1594	extracted	T167	C2828366
27862448	1600	1608	purified	T169	C1998793
27862448	1609	1613	bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	1614	1622	collagen	T116	C0009325
27862448	1627	1634	apatite	T197	C0003522
27862448	1653	1664	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27862448	1665	1669	CSIA	T059	C3826096
27862448	1707	1714	δ(13) C	T196	C0007017
27862448	1715	1721	values	T081	C1522609
27862448	1725	1733	collagen	T116	C0009325
27862448	1749	1753	bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	1770	1775	lipid	T109	C0023779
27862448	1810	1819	depletion	T169	C0333668
27862448	1823	1829	(18) O	T121,T196	C0030061
27862448	1833	1837	bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	1838	1845	apatite	T197	C0003522
27862448	1853	1858	lipid	T109	C0023779
27862448	1871	1881	processing	T052	C1709694
27862448	1911	1917	sample	UnknownType	C0444227
27862448	1966	1983	extraction method	T059	C0684295
27862448	1988	1992	bone	T023	C0262950
27862448	1993	2004	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
27862448	2026	2034	isotopic	T080	C4038403
27862448	2039	2051	paleodietary	T168	C0012155
27862448	2052	2060	analysis	T059	C0002778

27862629|t|Secreted Ectodomain of Sialic Acid-Binding Ig-Like Lectin-9 and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Synergistically Regenerate Transected Rat Peripheral Nerves by Altering Macrophage Polarity
27862629|a|Peripheral nerves (PNs) exhibit remarkable self - repairing reparative activity after a simple crush or cut injury. However, the neuronal transection involving a nerve gap overwhelms their repairing activity and causes persistent paralysis. Here, we show that an implantation of the serum-free conditioned medium from stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED-CM) immersed in a collagen sponge into the nerve gap formed by rat facial nerves transection restored the neurological function. In contrast, SHED-CM specifically depleted of a set of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage inducers, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the secreted ectodomain of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-9 (sSiglec-9) lost the ability to restore neurological function in this model. Notably, the combination of MCP-1 and sSiglec-9 induced the polarization of M2 macrophages in vitro, resulting in the expression of multiple trophic factors that enhanced proliferation, migration, and differentiation of Schwann cells, blood vessel formation, and nerve fiber extension. Furthermore, the implantation of a collagen graft containing MCP-1 / sSiglec-9 into the nerve gap induced anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization, generated a Schwann-cell bridge instead of fibrotic scar, induced axonal regrowth, and restored nerve function. The specific elimination of M2 macrophages by Mannosylated-Clodrosome suppressed the MCP-1 / sSiglec-9 -mediated neurological recovery. Taken together, our data suggest that MCP-1 / sSiglec-9 regenerates PNs by inducing tissue - repairing M2 macrophages and may provide therapeutic benefits for severe peripheral nerve injuries. Stem Cells 2017;35:641-653.
27862629	0	8	Secreted	T043	C1327616
27862629	9	19	Ectodomain	T087	C1514562
27862629	23	59	Sialic Acid-Binding Ig-Like Lectin-9	T116,T129	C0916595
27862629	64	98	Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27862629	99	114	Synergistically	T044	C0599739
27862629	115	125	Regenerate	T169	C0334213
27862629	126	136	Transected	T169	C0332847
27862629	137	140	Rat	T015	C0034721
27862629	141	158	Peripheral Nerves	T023	C0031119
27862629	171	181	Macrophage	T025	C0024432
27862629	182	190	Polarity	T082	C0085304
27862629	191	208	Peripheral nerves	T023	C0031119
27862629	210	213	PNs	T023	C0031119
27862629	234	238	self	T078	C0036588
27862629	241	250	repairing	T040	C0043240
27862629	251	270	reparative activity	T040	C0043240
27862629	286	291	crush	T061	C0027745
27862629	295	305	cut injury	T061	C0196565
27862629	320	340	neuronal transection	T061	C0196565
27862629	353	358	nerve	T024	C0027740
27862629	359	362	gap	T082	C3887622
27862629	380	398	repairing activity	T040	C0043240
27862629	410	420	persistent	T079	C0205322
27862629	421	430	paralysis	T047	C0262576
27862629	454	466	implantation	T061	C0021107
27862629	474	503	serum-free conditioned medium	T130	C0085414
27862629	509	519	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27862629	525	530	human	T016	C0086418
27862629	531	557	exfoliated deciduous teeth	T042	C0040439
27862629	559	566	SHED-CM	T025	C0038250
27862629	582	597	collagen sponge	T074	C0025080
27862629	607	612	nerve	T024	C0027740
27862629	613	616	gap	T082	C3887622
27862629	627	630	rat	T015	C0034721
27862629	631	644	facial nerves	T023	C0015462
27862629	645	656	transection	T061	C0196565
27862629	657	665	restored	T061	C1283255
27862629	670	691	neurological function	T042	C0027767
27862629	706	713	SHED-CM	T025	C0038250
27862629	727	735	depleted	T169	C0333668
27862629	748	765	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27862629	766	779	M2 macrophage	T025	C4086555
27862629	790	824	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27862629	826	831	MCP-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27862629	841	849	secreted	T043	C1327616
27862629	850	860	ectodomain	T087	C1514562
27862629	864	900	sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-9	T116,T129	C0916595
27862629	902	911	sSiglec-9	T116,T129	C0916595
27862629	913	917	lost	T169	C0745777
27862629	922	929	ability	T032	C0085732
27862629	933	940	restore	T061	C1283255
27862629	941	962	neurological function	T042	C0027767
27862629	971	976	model	T075	C0026339
27862629	991	1002	combination	T080	C0205195
27862629	1006	1011	MCP-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27862629	1016	1025	sSiglec-9	T116,T129	C0916595
27862629	1026	1033	induced	T169	C0205263
27862629	1038	1050	polarization	T043	C1156002
27862629	1054	1068	M2 macrophages	T025	C4086555
27862629	1069	1077	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27862629	1096	1106	expression	T045	C1171362
27862629	1119	1134	trophic factors	T116,T123	C0033684
27862629	1140	1148	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27862629	1149	1162	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27862629	1164	1173	migration	T043	C1622501
27862629	1179	1194	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27862629	1198	1211	Schwann cells	T025	C0036387
27862629	1213	1225	blood vessel	T023	C0005847
27862629	1226	1235	formation	T169	C1522492
27862629	1241	1252	nerve fiber	T026	C0027749
27862629	1253	1262	extension	T169	C0231448
27862629	1281	1293	implantation	T061	C0021107
27862629	1299	1313	collagen graft	T074	C0025080
27862629	1325	1330	MCP-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27862629	1333	1342	sSiglec-9	T116,T129	C0916595
27862629	1352	1357	nerve	T024	C0027740
27862629	1358	1361	gap	T082	C3887622
27862629	1362	1369	induced	T169	C0205263
27862629	1370	1387	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27862629	1388	1401	M2 macrophage	T025	C4086555
27862629	1402	1414	polarization	T043	C1156002
27862629	1416	1425	generated	T052	C3146294
27862629	1428	1447	Schwann-cell bridge	T043	C1817612
27862629	1459	1472	fibrotic scar	T046	C2229248
27862629	1474	1481	induced	T169	C0205263
27862629	1482	1497	axonal regrowth	T033	C1854454
27862629	1503	1511	restored	T061	C1283255
27862629	1512	1517	nerve	T024	C0027740
27862629	1518	1526	function	T042	C0301638
27862629	1532	1540	specific	T080	C0205369
27862629	1541	1552	elimination	T042	C0301638
27862629	1556	1570	M2 macrophages	T025	C4086555
27862629	1574	1597	Mannosylated-Clodrosome	T130	C1254353
27862629	1598	1608	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27862629	1613	1618	MCP-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27862629	1621	1630	sSiglec-9	T116,T129	C0916595
27862629	1641	1653	neurological	T080	C0205494
27862629	1654	1662	recovery	T040	C2004454
27862629	1702	1707	MCP-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27862629	1710	1719	sSiglec-9	T116,T129	C0916595
27862629	1720	1731	regenerates	T169	C0334213
27862629	1732	1735	PNs	T023	C0031119
27862629	1739	1747	inducing	T169	C0205263
27862629	1748	1754	tissue	T024	C0040300
27862629	1757	1766	repairing	T040	C0043240
27862629	1767	1781	M2 macrophages	T025	C4086555
27862629	1798	1809	therapeutic	T169	C0039798
27862629	1810	1818	benefits	T081	C0814225
27862629	1823	1829	severe	T080	C0205082
27862629	1830	1855	peripheral nerve injuries	T037	C0262593

27863204|t|TNF and IL-18 cytokines may regulate liver fat storage under homeostasis conditions
27863204|a|The inflammation induced by obesogenic diets is associated with deposition of fat in the liver. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies may impact in body fat storage and in liver lipid dynamics. It is important to study specific inflammatory mediators in this context, since their role on hepatic damage is not fully clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor in liver dysfunction induced by diet. Male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), IL-18, and TNF receptor 1 knockout mice (IL-18(-/-) and TNFR1(-/-)) were divided according to the experimental diets: chow diet or a high-refined carbohydrate-containing diet. Alanine aminotransferase was quantified by colorimetric analysis. Total fat content in the liver was determined by Folch methods. Levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 in liver samples were measured by ELISA assay. IL-18 and TNFR knockout mice fed with chow diet showed higher liver triglycerides deposition than WT mice fed with the same diet (WT: 131.9 ± 24.5; IL-18(-/-): 239.4 ± 38.12*; TNF(-/-): 179.6 ± 50.45*; *P < 0.01). Furthermore, these animals also showed a worse liver histopathological score and lower levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 in the liver. Interestingly, treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet did not exacerbate liver damage in IL-18(-/-) and TNFR1(-/-) mice. Our data suggest that IL-18 and TNF may be involved on hepatic homeostasis mainly in a context of a healthy diet.
27863204	0	3	TNF	T116,T192	C0077503
27863204	8	13	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27863204	14	23	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27863204	28	36	regulate	T038	C1327622
27863204	37	42	liver	T023	C0023884
27863204	43	46	fat	T109,T121	C0015677
27863204	47	54	storage	T169	C1698986
27863204	61	72	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27863204	73	83	conditions	T080	C0348080
27863204	88	100	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27863204	101	108	induced	T169	C0205263
27863204	112	128	obesogenic diets	T168	C0012155
27863204	132	147	associated with	T080	C0332281
27863204	148	158	deposition	T169	C0333562
27863204	162	165	fat	T109,T121	C0015677
27863204	173	178	liver	T023	C0023884
27863204	199	216	anti-inflammatory	T061	C0087111
27863204	221	248	immunosuppressive therapies	T061	C0021079
27863204	263	267	body	T016	C0242821
27863204	268	271	fat	T109,T121	C0015677
27863204	272	279	storage	T169	C1698986
27863204	287	292	liver	T023	C0023884
27863204	293	298	lipid	T109	C0023779
27863204	299	307	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27863204	343	365	inflammatory mediators	T121	C0243042
27863204	403	417	hepatic damage	T046	C0151763
27863204	462	470	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27863204	483	502	interleukin (IL)-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27863204	507	543	tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor	T116,T192	C0077503
27863204	547	564	liver dysfunction	T046	C0086565
27863204	565	572	induced	T169	C0205263
27863204	576	580	diet	T168	C0012155
27863204	582	586	Male	T032	C0086582
27863204	587	594	C57BL/6	T015	C1521751
27863204	595	604	wild-type	T015	C1520150
27863204	606	608	WT	T015	C1520150
27863204	611	616	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27863204	622	636	TNF receptor 1	T116,T192	C1453724
27863204	637	650	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
27863204	652	662	IL-18(-/-)	T116,T129	C0383327
27863204	667	677	TNFR1(-/-)	T116,T192	C1453724
27863204	709	721	experimental	T080	C1517586
27863204	722	727	diets	T168	C0012155
27863204	729	738	chow diet	T168	C0012155
27863204	744	785	high-refined carbohydrate-containing diet	T061	C0259835
27863204	787	811	Alanine aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0001899
27863204	816	826	quantified	T081	C1709793
27863204	830	851	colorimetric analysis	T059	C0009407
27863204	853	862	Total fat	T109,T121	C0015677
27863204	863	870	content	T077	C0456205
27863204	878	883	liver	T023	C0023884
27863204	902	915	Folch methods	T059	C0022885
27863204	917	923	Levels	T080	C0441889
27863204	927	930	TNF	T116,T192	C0077503
27863204	932	936	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27863204	938	942	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27863204	948	953	IL-13	T116,T129	C0214743
27863204	957	962	liver	T023	C0023884
27863204	963	970	samples	T167	C0370003
27863204	976	984	measured	T080	C0444706
27863204	988	999	ELISA assay	T059	C0014441
27863204	1001	1006	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27863204	1011	1015	TNFR	T116,T192	C0077503
27863204	1016	1029	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
27863204	1039	1048	chow diet	T168	C0012155
27863204	1063	1068	liver	T023	C0023884
27863204	1069	1082	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
27863204	1083	1093	deposition	T169	C0333562
27863204	1099	1106	WT mice	T015	C1520150
27863204	1125	1129	diet	T168	C0012155
27863204	1131	1133	WT	T015	C1520150
27863204	1149	1159	IL-18(-/-)	T116,T129	C0383327
27863204	1177	1185	TNF(-/-)	T116,T192	C0077503
27863204	1234	1241	animals	T008	C0003062
27863204	1262	1267	liver	T023	C0023884
27863204	1268	1291	histopathological score	T081	C0449820
27863204	1302	1308	levels	T080	C0441889
27863204	1312	1315	TNF	T116,T192	C0077503
27863204	1317	1321	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27863204	1323	1327	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27863204	1333	1338	IL-13	T116,T129	C0214743
27863204	1346	1351	liver	T023	C0023884
27863204	1368	1377	treatment	T169	C1522326
27863204	1385	1407	high-carbohydrate diet	T061	C0259835
27863204	1427	1439	liver damage	T046	C0151763
27863204	1443	1453	IL-18(-/-)	T116,T129	C0383327
27863204	1458	1468	TNFR1(-/-)	T116,T192	C1453724
27863204	1469	1473	mice	T015	C0025929
27863204	1479	1483	data	T078	C1511726
27863204	1497	1502	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27863204	1507	1510	TNF	T116,T192	C0077503
27863204	1530	1537	hepatic	T029	C0205054
27863204	1538	1549	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27863204	1575	1587	healthy diet	T061	C0452415

27863736|t|Moberg Picking-Up Test in patients with hand osteoarthritis
27863736|a|Clinical measurement. The Moberg Pick-up Test (MPUT) was previously used to evaluate functional performance in patients with hand inflammatory disease. This is the first study using the MPUT in hand osteoarthritis (OA). Compare the functional performance (MPUT) in hand OA patients and healthy controls. Fifty hand OA patients and 50 controls were assessed using the MPUT, AUSCAN and Cochin questionnaires, grip and pinch strength, pain using a visual analog scale and a Likert scale regarding difficulty to perform MPUT. In the MPUT evaluation, the OA group presented a statistically significant difference from the control group. The OA group spent more time executing test. The grip and pinch strength measurements showed higher values for the control group. The OA group reported a greater difficulty than the control group in performing the test. The MPUT is a short and easy to apply test, which can be safely used to assess the functional performance of the hand OA. II.
27863736	0	22	Moberg Picking-Up Test	T059	C1293918
27863736	26	34	patients	T101	C0030705
27863736	40	59	hand osteoarthritis	T047	C0263746
27863736	60	80	Clinical measurement	T058	C0947289
27863736	86	105	Moberg Pick-up Test	T059	C1293918
27863736	107	111	MPUT	T059	C1293918
27863736	145	167	functional performance	T033	C3853978
27863736	171	179	patients	T101	C0030705
27863736	185	189	hand	T023	C0018563
27863736	190	210	inflammatory disease	T047	C1290884
27863736	246	250	MPUT	T059	C1293918
27863736	254	273	hand osteoarthritis	T047	C0263746
27863736	275	277	OA	T047	C0263746
27863736	292	314	functional performance	T033	C3853978
27863736	316	320	MPUT	T059	C1293918
27863736	325	332	hand OA	T047	C0263746
27863736	333	341	patients	T101	C0030705
27863736	346	362	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27863736	370	377	hand OA	T047	C0263746
27863736	378	386	patients	T101	C0030705
27863736	394	402	controls	T096	C0009932
27863736	427	431	MPUT	T059	C1293918
27863736	433	439	AUSCAN	T170	C3891717
27863736	444	465	Cochin questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27863736	467	471	grip	T033	C0518032
27863736	476	490	pinch strength	T060	C1720876
27863736	492	496	pain	T184	C0030193
27863736	505	524	visual analog scale	T060	C0042815
27863736	531	543	Likert scale	T170	C0451267
27863736	576	580	MPUT	T059	C1293918
27863736	589	593	MPUT	T059	C1293918
27863736	594	604	evaluation	T058	C1261322
27863736	610	612	OA	T047	C0263746
27863736	631	656	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27863736	677	690	control group	T096	C0009932
27863736	696	698	OA	T047	C0263746
27863736	711	715	more	T081	C0205172
27863736	716	720	time	T079	C0040223
27863736	731	735	test	T170	C0392366
27863736	741	745	grip	T033	C0518032
27863736	750	777	pinch strength measurements	T060	C1720876
27863736	807	820	control group	T096	C0009932
27863736	826	828	OA	T047	C0263746
27863736	854	864	difficulty	T080	C0332218
27863736	874	887	control group	T096	C0009932
27863736	906	910	test	T170	C0392366
27863736	916	920	MPUT	T059	C1293918
27863736	950	954	test	T170	C0392366
27863736	995	1017	functional performance	T033	C3853978
27863736	1025	1032	hand OA	T047	C0263746

27863934|t|Child death and maternal psychosis-like experiences in 44 low- and middle-income countries: The role of depression
27863934|a|Studies on the effect of child death on the mental wellbeing of women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are scarce despite the high child mortality rates. Thus, the aim of the current study was to assess the association between child death and psychosis-like experiences (PLEs), as well as the role of depression in this association. Data from 44 LMICs which participated in the World Health Survey (WHS) were analyzed. A total of 59,444 women who ever gave birth, aged 18-49 years, without a self-reported lifetime psychosis diagnosis, were included in the analysis. The World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to establish the diagnosis of past 12- month DSM-IV depression, and assess four positive psychotic symptoms. Depression was defined as self-reported lifetime depression diagnosis and/or past 12- month depression. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. After adjustment for potential confounders, women who experienced child death had higher odds for all types of PLEs (when unadjusted for depression) (OR 1.20-1.71; p<0.05) and depression (OR =1.64; 95% CI =1.39-1.93). When adjusted for depression, only delusion of control was strongly associated with child death (OR =1.54; 95% CI =1.20-1.97). Child death may be an important determinant of mental wellbeing among women in LMICs. Given the known adverse health outcomes associated with PLEs and depression, as well as the co-occurrence of these symptoms, mental health care may be particularly important for mothers who have experienced child loss in LMICs.
27863934	0	11	Child death	T033	C0524343
27863934	16	24	maternal	T033	C1858460
27863934	25	51	psychosis-like experiences	T048	C0033975
27863934	58	62	low-	T098	C0024045
27863934	67	80	middle-income	T080	C0870890
27863934	81	90	countries	T083	C0454664
27863934	104	114	depression	T048	C0011570
27863934	140	151	child death	T033	C0524343
27863934	159	175	mental wellbeing	T041	C0025353
27863934	179	184	women	T098	C0043210
27863934	188	192	low-	T098	C0024045
27863934	197	210	middle-income	T080	C0870890
27863934	211	220	countries	T083	C0454664
27863934	222	227	LMICs	T083	C0454664
27863934	257	272	child mortality	T081	C0008083
27863934	333	344	association	T080	C0439849
27863934	353	364	child death	T033	C0524343
27863934	369	395	psychosis-like experiences	T048	C0033975
27863934	397	401	PLEs	T048	C0033975
27863934	427	437	depression	T048	C0011570
27863934	446	457	association	T080	C0439849
27863934	459	463	Data	T081	C0010100
27863934	472	477	LMICs	T083	C0454664
27863934	504	523	World Health Survey	T062	C0018762
27863934	525	528	WHS	T062	C0018762
27863934	563	568	women	T098	C0043210
27863934	583	588	birth	T040	C0005615
27863934	601	606	years	T079	C0439234
27863934	618	631	self-reported	T062	C0681906
27863934	632	640	lifetime	T079	C4071830
27863934	641	660	psychosis diagnosis	T060	C0596905
27863934	697	723	World Mental Health Survey	T170	C3481515
27863934	739	783	Composite International Diagnostic Interview	T170	C0451085
27863934	785	789	CIDI	T170	C0451085
27863934	817	826	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27863934	839	844	month	T079	C0439231
27863934	845	851	DSM-IV	T170	C0220952
27863934	852	862	depression	T048	C0011570
27863934	880	907	positive psychotic symptoms	T184	C0871189
27863934	909	919	Depression	T048	C0011570
27863934	935	948	self-reported	T062	C0681906
27863934	949	957	lifetime	T079	C4071830
27863934	958	978	depression diagnosis	T060	C0596905
27863934	995	1000	month	T079	C0439231
27863934	1001	1011	depression	T048	C0011570
27863934	1027	1055	logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
27863934	1093	1114	potential confounders	T169	C0009673
27863934	1116	1121	women	T098	C0043210
27863934	1138	1149	child death	T033	C0524343
27863934	1183	1187	PLEs	T048	C0033975
27863934	1209	1219	depression	T048	C0011570
27863934	1222	1224	OR	T081	C0028873
27863934	1248	1258	depression	T048	C0011570
27863934	1260	1262	OR	T081	C0028873
27863934	1274	1276	CI	T081	C0009667
27863934	1308	1318	depression	T048	C0011570
27863934	1325	1344	delusion of control	T048	C0233685
27863934	1358	1373	associated with	T080	C0332281
27863934	1374	1385	child death	T033	C0524343
27863934	1387	1389	OR	T081	C0028873
27863934	1401	1403	CI	T081	C0009667
27863934	1417	1428	Child death	T033	C0524343
27863934	1464	1480	mental wellbeing	T041	C0025353
27863934	1487	1492	women	T098	C0043210
27863934	1496	1501	LMICs	T083	C0454664
27863934	1519	1542	adverse health outcomes	T057	C3858647
27863934	1543	1558	associated with	T080	C0332281
27863934	1559	1563	PLEs	T048	C0033975
27863934	1568	1578	depression	T048	C0011570
27863934	1618	1626	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27863934	1628	1646	mental health care	T061	C0184643
27863934	1681	1688	mothers	T099	C0026591
27863934	1710	1720	child loss	T033	C0848031
27863934	1724	1729	LMICs	T083	C0454664

27864317|t|Prednisolone is associated with a worse lipid profile than hydrocortisone in patients with adrenal insufficiency
27864317|a|Prednisolone is used as glucocorticoid replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency (AI). Recent data indicate that its use in AI is associated with low bone mineral density. Data on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with AI treated with prednisolone are scarce, despite this condition being the predominant cause of excess mortality. We aimed to address this question using real-world data from the European Adrenal Insufficiency Registry (EU-AIR). EU-AIR, comprising of 19 centres across Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK, commenced enrolling patients with AI in August 2012. Patients receiving prednisolone (3-6 mg/day, n = 50) or hydrocortisone (15-30 mg/day, n = 909) were identified and grouped at a ratio of 1:3 (prednisolone: hydrocortisone) by matching for gender, age, duration and type of disease. Data from baseline and follow-up visits were analysed. Data from patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia were excluded. Significantly higher mean ± s.d. total (6.3 ± 1.6 vs 5.4 ± 1.1 mmol/L; P = 0.003) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (3.9 ± 1.4 vs 3.2 ± 1.0 mmol/L; P = 0.013) were identified in 47 patients on prednisolone vs 141 receiving hydrocortisone at baseline and at follow-up (P = 0.005 and P = 0.006, respectively). HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference were not significantly different. This is the first matched analysis of its kind. Significantly higher LDL levels in patients receiving prednisolone relative to hydrocortisone could predict a higher relative risk of cardiovascular disease in the former group.
27864317	0	12	Prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
27864317	16	31	associated with	T080	C0332281
27864317	34	53	worse lipid profile	T033	C0740400
27864317	59	73	hydrocortisone	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
27864317	77	85	patients	T101	C0030705
27864317	91	112	adrenal insufficiency	T047	C0001623
27864317	113	125	Prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
27864317	137	151	glucocorticoid	T109,T125	C0017710
27864317	152	171	replacement therapy	T061	C0279033
27864317	176	197	adrenal insufficiency	T047	C0001623
27864317	199	201	AI	T047	C0001623
27864317	211	215	data	T078	C1511726
27864317	241	243	AI	T047	C0001623
27864317	247	262	associated with	T080	C0332281
27864317	267	287	bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
27864317	289	293	Data	T078	C1511726
27864317	297	309	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27864317	314	336	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27864317	340	348	patients	T101	C0030705
27864317	354	356	AI	T047	C0001623
27864317	357	364	treated	T169	C1522326
27864317	370	382	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
27864317	440	445	cause	T033	C0007465
27864317	456	465	mortality	T081	C0205848
27864317	518	522	data	T078	C1511726
27864317	532	571	European Adrenal Insufficiency Registry	T170	C0282574
27864317	573	579	EU-AIR	T170	C0282574
27864317	582	588	EU-AIR	T170	C0282574
27864317	607	614	centres	T073,T093	C0475309
27864317	622	629	Germany	T083	C0017480
27864317	635	646	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
27864317	648	654	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27864317	663	665	UK	T083	C0041700
27864317	687	695	patients	T101	C0030705
27864317	701	703	AI	T047	C0001623
27864317	720	728	Patients	T101	C0030705
27864317	739	751	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
27864317	776	790	hydrocortisone	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
27864317	820	830	identified	T080	C0205396
27864317	835	842	grouped	T082	C0439745
27864317	862	874	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
27864317	876	890	hydrocortisone	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
27864317	908	914	gender	T032	C0079399
27864317	916	919	age	T032	C0001779
27864317	921	929	duration	T079	C0449238
27864317	934	949	type of disease	T170	C0457464
27864317	951	955	Data	T078	C1511726
27864317	961	969	baseline	T081	C1442488
27864317	974	983	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27864317	984	990	visits	T058	C1512346
27864317	1006	1010	Data	T078	C1511726
27864317	1016	1024	patients	T101	C0030705
27864317	1030	1060	congenital adrenal hyperplasia	T047	C0001627
27864317	1066	1074	excluded	T052	C2828389
27864317	1097	1114	mean ± s.d. total	T081	C0392762
27864317	1162	1203	low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27864317	1187	1190	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
27864317	1204	1210	levels	T080	C0441889
27864317	1259	1269	identified	T080	C0205396
27864317	1276	1284	patients	T101	C0030705
27864317	1288	1300	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
27864317	1318	1332	hydrocortisone	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
27864317	1336	1344	baseline	T081	C1442488
27864317	1352	1361	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27864317	1403	1408	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27864317	1410	1434	high-density lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023821
27864317	1439	1458	triglyceride levels	T034	C0428475
27864317	1460	1475	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27864317	1477	1485	systolic	T047	C0221155
27864317	1490	1514	diastolic blood pressure	T047	C0235222
27864317	1519	1538	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
27864317	1591	1598	matched	T080	C1708943
27864317	1599	1607	analysis	T062	C0936012
27864317	1642	1652	LDL levels	T034	C0428473
27864317	1656	1664	patients	T101	C0030705
27864317	1675	1687	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
27864317	1700	1714	hydrocortisone	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
27864317	1747	1751	risk	T078	C0035647
27864317	1755	1777	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27864317	1792	1797	group	T078	C0441833

27864600|t|Comparison of true unenhanced and virtual unenhanced (VUE) attenuation values in abdominopelvic single-source rapid kilovoltage-switching spectral CT
27864600|a|To assess the agreement between the true non-contrast (TNC) attenuation values of intra-abdominal structures and attenuation values obtained on virtual-unenhanced (VUE) images based on rapid kVp-switching dual-energy CT. The effects of contrast phase and patient characteristics (e.g., BMI, hematocrit, hemoglobin content) on VUE values were also investigated. Ninety four patients who underwent triphasic abdominal CT (liver mass protocol, n = 47; pancreas mass protocol, n = 47) between August 2014 and May 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Unenhanced series was performed using conventional single-energy mode at 120 kVp. Late arterial and venous phase post-contrast series were obtained utilizing rapid kVp-switching dual-energy CT technique. VUE images were processed off of arterial (VUE-art) and venous (VUE-ven) phase series. Attenuation values of liver, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal glands, muscle, subcutaneous fat, aorta, IVC, and main portal vein were recorded on TNC and VUE sets of images. Attenuation values were compared using univariate linear regression and Student two-tailed paired t test. There was excellent correlation between TNC, VUE-art, and VUE-ven attenuation values across all organs (p < 0.0001). Paired Student t test, however, showed significant difference between TNC and VUE-art attenuation of kidneys, right adrenal gland, paraspinal muscle, and aorta. There was also significant difference between TNC and VUE-ven attenuation of left kidney. Percentage of cases which had >10 HU difference between VUE and TNC for an individual was calculated which ranged between 13% (right kidney) and 42% (right adrenal gland). Although the correlation between VUE and TNC attenuation values was excellent and mean difference between TNC and VUE attenuation values was negligible (ranging between -5.94 HU for paraspinal muscles to 6.2 HU in aorta), intra-patient analysis showed a considerable number of cases which had >10 HU difference between VUE and TNC. VUE-ven generally offered a better approximation of TNC values. Further optimization of post-processing algorithms might be necessary before complete replacement of TNC with VUE images.
27864600	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27864600	14	29	true unenhanced	T170	C1704254
27864600	34	52	virtual unenhanced	T170	C1704254
27864600	54	57	VUE	T170	C1704254
27864600	59	77	attenuation values	T080	C0042295
27864600	81	95	abdominopelvic	T029	C1508499
27864600	96	149	single-source rapid kilovoltage-switching spectral CT	T060	C4055114
27864600	153	159	assess	T052	C1516048
27864600	186	203	true non-contrast	T170	C1704254
27864600	205	208	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	210	228	attenuation values	T080	C0042295
27864600	232	258	intra-abdominal structures	T029	C1268217
27864600	263	281	attenuation values	T080	C0042295
27864600	282	290	obtained	T169	C1301820
27864600	294	325	virtual-unenhanced (VUE) images	T170	C1704254
27864600	335	369	rapid kVp-switching dual-energy CT	T060	C4055114
27864600	375	382	effects	T080	C1280500
27864600	386	400	contrast phase	T033	C0243095
27864600	405	428	patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
27864600	436	439	BMI	T201	C1305855
27864600	441	451	hematocrit	T201	C1542366
27864600	453	463	hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
27864600	464	471	content	T077	C0456205
27864600	476	479	VUE	T170	C1704254
27864600	480	486	values	T080	C0042295
27864600	497	509	investigated	T169	C1292732
27864600	523	531	patients	T101	C0030705
27864600	546	568	triphasic abdominal CT	T060	C4055114
27864600	570	589	liver mass protocol	T033	C2220600
27864600	599	621	pancreas mass protocol	T033	C2220607
27864600	639	645	August	T080	C3831448
27864600	655	658	May	T079	C3812381
27864600	669	693	retrospectively reviewed	T170	C0282443
27864600	695	705	Unenhanced	T033	C0243095
27864600	706	712	series	T081	C0205549
27864600	717	726	performed	T169	C0884358
27864600	733	764	conventional single-energy mode	T060	C0040405
27864600	772	775	kVp	T080	C1708610
27864600	777	790	Late arterial	T082	C0221464
27864600	795	801	venous	T082	C0348013
27864600	808	821	post-contrast	T033	C0243095
27864600	822	828	series	T081	C0205549
27864600	853	897	rapid kVp-switching dual-energy CT technique	T060	C4055114
27864600	899	909	VUE images	T170	C1704254
27864600	915	924	processed	T067	C1522240
27864600	932	950	arterial (VUE-art)	T170	C1704254
27864600	955	971	venous (VUE-ven)	T170	C1704254
27864600	978	984	series	T081	C0205549
27864600	986	1004	Attenuation values	T080	C0042295
27864600	1008	1013	liver	T023	C0023884
27864600	1015	1023	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27864600	1025	1032	kidneys	T023	C0022646
27864600	1034	1048	adrenal glands	T023	C0001625
27864600	1050	1056	muscle	T024	C0026845
27864600	1058	1074	subcutaneous fat	T024	C0222331
27864600	1076	1081	aorta	T023	C0003483
27864600	1083	1086	IVC	T023	C0042458
27864600	1092	1108	main portal vein	T023	C1183135
27864600	1126	1129	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	1134	1152	VUE sets of images	T170	C1704254
27864600	1154	1172	Attenuation values	T080	C0042295
27864600	1178	1186	compared	T052	C1707455
27864600	1193	1221	univariate linear regression	T081	C0023733
27864600	1226	1258	Student two-tailed paired t test	T170	C1709451
27864600	1270	1279	excellent	T080	C1961136
27864600	1280	1291	correlation	T080	C1707520
27864600	1300	1303	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	1305	1312	VUE-art	T170	C1704254
27864600	1318	1325	VUE-ven	T170	C1704254
27864600	1326	1344	attenuation values	T080	C0042295
27864600	1356	1362	organs	T023	C0178784
27864600	1377	1398	Paired Student t test	T170	C1709451
27864600	1416	1438	significant difference	T081	C1705241
27864600	1447	1450	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	1455	1462	VUE-art	T170	C1704254
27864600	1463	1474	attenuation	T052	C0599946
27864600	1478	1485	kidneys	T023	C0022646
27864600	1487	1506	right adrenal gland	T023	C0229559
27864600	1508	1525	paraspinal muscle	T023	C0448353
27864600	1531	1536	aorta	T023	C0003483
27864600	1553	1575	significant difference	T081	C1705241
27864600	1584	1587	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	1592	1599	VUE-ven	T170	C1704254
27864600	1600	1611	attenuation	T052	C0599946
27864600	1615	1626	left kidney	T023	C0227614
27864600	1684	1687	VUE	T170	C1704254
27864600	1692	1695	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	1703	1713	individual	T098	C0237401
27864600	1718	1728	calculated	T052	C1441506
27864600	1735	1741	ranged	T081	C1514721
27864600	1755	1767	right kidney	T023	C0227613
27864600	1778	1797	right adrenal gland	T023	C0229559
27864600	1813	1824	correlation	T080	C1707520
27864600	1833	1836	VUE	T170	C1704254
27864600	1841	1844	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	1845	1863	attenuation values	T080	C0042295
27864600	1868	1877	excellent	T080	C1961136
27864600	1882	1886	mean	T081	C0444504
27864600	1887	1897	difference	T081	C1705241
27864600	1906	1909	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	1914	1917	VUE	T170	C1704254
27864600	1918	1936	attenuation values	T080	C0042295
27864600	1941	1951	negligible	T080	C0332269
27864600	1982	2000	paraspinal muscles	T023	C0448353
27864600	2014	2019	aorta	T023	C0003483
27864600	2022	2044	intra-patient analysis	T062	C0936012
27864600	2100	2110	difference	T081	C1705241
27864600	2119	2122	VUE	T170	C1704254
27864600	2127	2130	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	2132	2139	VUE-ven	T170	C1704254
27864600	2167	2180	approximation	T080	C0332232
27864600	2184	2187	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	2188	2194	values	T080	C0042295
27864600	2204	2216	optimization	T052	C2698650
27864600	2220	2246	post-processing algorithms	T170	C0002045
27864600	2273	2281	complete	T080	C0205197
27864600	2282	2293	replacement	T169	C0559956
27864600	2297	2300	TNC	T170	C1704254
27864600	2306	2316	VUE images	T170	C1704254

27865227|t|Behavioural, emotional and social development of children who stutter
27865227|a|Developmental stuttering may be associated with diminished psychological well-being which has been documented from late childhood onwards. It is important to establish the point at which behavioural, emotional and social problems emerge in children who stutter. The study used data from the Millennium Cohort Study, whose initial cohort comprised 18,818 children. Analysis involved data collected when the cohort members were 3, 5 and 11 years old. The association between parent-reported stuttering and performance on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was determined in regression analyses which controlled for cohort members ' sex, verbal and non-verbal abilities, maternal education, and family economic status. Compared with typically-developing children, those who stuttered had significantly higher Total Difficulties scores at all three ages; in addition, scores on all of the sub-scales for 5- year-olds who stuttered indicated poorer development than their peers, and 11- year-olds who stuttered had poorer development than peers in all areas except prosocial skills. At ages 5 and 11, those who stuttered were more likely than peers to have scores indicating cause for clinical concern in almost all areas. Children who stutter may begin to show impaired behavioural, emotional and social development as early as age 3, and these difficulties are well established in older children who stutter. Parents and practitioners need to be aware of the possibility of these difficulties and intervention needs to be provided in a timely fashion to address such difficulties in childhood and to prevent the potential development of serious mental health difficulties later in life.
27865227	0	11	Behavioural	T053	C0004927
27865227	13	22	emotional	T041	C0679103
27865227	27	45	social development	T054	C0037409
27865227	49	57	children	T100	C0008059
27865227	62	69	stutter	T048	C0038506
27865227	70	94	Developmental stuttering	T184	C0751529
27865227	102	117	associated with	T080	C0332281
27865227	129	153	psychological well-being	T033	C0424578
27865227	169	179	documented	T058	C1301725
27865227	185	199	late childhood	T079	C0815205
27865227	257	268	behavioural	T048	C0233514
27865227	270	279	emotional	T048	C0677660
27865227	284	299	social problems	T033	C0037431
27865227	310	318	children	T100	C0008059
27865227	323	330	stutter	T048	C0038506
27865227	347	351	data	T078	C1511726
27865227	361	384	Millennium Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27865227	392	406	initial cohort	T098	C0599755
27865227	424	432	children	T100	C0008059
27865227	434	442	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27865227	452	466	data collected	T033	C4019276
27865227	476	490	cohort members	T098	C0599755
27865227	508	517	years old	T079	C1254367
27865227	543	558	parent-reported	T170	C4054215
27865227	559	569	stuttering	T048	C0038506
27865227	574	585	performance	T055	C0597198
27865227	593	633	Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire	T170	C3472494
27865227	652	671	regression analyses	T170	C0034980
27865227	678	688	controlled	T169	C2587213
27865227	693	707	cohort members	T098	C0599755
27865227	710	713	sex	T032	C1522384
27865227	715	721	verbal	T080	C0439824
27865227	726	736	non-verbal	T080	C0439824
27865227	737	746	abilities	T032	C0085732
27865227	748	756	maternal	T033	C1858460
27865227	757	766	education	T185	C0013622
27865227	772	794	family economic status	T058	C0509927
27865227	831	839	children	T100	C0008059
27865227	851	860	stuttered	T048	C0038506
27865227	865	885	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27865227	892	911	Difficulties scores	T053	C3472182
27865227	925	929	ages	T032	C0001779
27865227	944	950	scores	T081	C0449820
27865227	965	975	sub-scales	T170	C0282574
27865227	983	992	year-olds	T079	C1254367
27865227	997	1006	stuttered	T048	C0038506
27865227	1017	1035	poorer development	T169	C1527148
27865227	1047	1052	peers	T098	C0679739
27865227	1062	1071	year-olds	T079	C1254367
27865227	1076	1085	stuttered	T048	C0038506
27865227	1090	1108	poorer development	T169	C1527148
27865227	1114	1119	peers	T098	C0679739
27865227	1140	1156	prosocial skills	T054	C0679005
27865227	1161	1165	ages	T032	C0001779
27865227	1186	1195	stuttered	T048	C0038506
27865227	1218	1223	peers	T098	C0679739
27865227	1232	1238	scores	T081	C0449820
27865227	1250	1255	cause	T169	C0015127
27865227	1260	1268	clinical	T080	C0205210
27865227	1298	1306	Children	T100	C0008059
27865227	1311	1318	stutter	T048	C0038506
27865227	1337	1345	impaired	T169	C0221099
27865227	1346	1357	behavioural	T053	C0004927
27865227	1359	1368	emotional	T041	C0679103
27865227	1373	1391	social development	T054	C0037409
27865227	1404	1407	age	T032	C0001779
27865227	1421	1433	difficulties	T080	C0332218
27865227	1458	1463	older	T079	C1254367
27865227	1464	1472	children	T100	C0008059
27865227	1477	1484	stutter	T048	C0038506
27865227	1486	1493	Parents	T099	C0030551
27865227	1498	1511	practitioners	T097	C1522486
27865227	1557	1569	difficulties	T080	C0332218
27865227	1574	1586	intervention	T058	C1273869
27865227	1613	1619	timely	T080	C3827828
27865227	1644	1656	difficulties	T080	C0332218
27865227	1660	1669	childhood	T079	C0231335
27865227	1677	1684	prevent	T080	C1456501
27865227	1689	1698	potential	T080	C3245505
27865227	1699	1710	development	T169	C1527148
27865227	1722	1735	mental health	T041	C0025353
27865227	1736	1748	difficulties	T080	C0332218
27865227	1749	1762	later in life	T079	C1254367

27865242|t|A study on knowledge and awareness about tuberculosis in senior school children in Bangalore, India
27865242|a|Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), commonly affecting the lungs. All health care professionals including the pharmacists provide a valuable public health role in promoting community awareness of TB particularly in reducing stigma attached to TB. Thus, creating awareness at a community level could play a vital role in control and prevention of TB. To determine whether educational intervention would affect the level of TB awareness among students of selected schools and pre-university colleges (PUCs) in Bangalore urban and Bangalore rural regions. The present study was conducted among the students of 8th, 9th, 10th and PUC in Bangalore rural and urban jurisdiction (n=2635). A questionnaire was designed in English and Kannada language, consisting of 20 questions with multiple-choice answers. A 30- minute visual health education was given on TB in English, followed by general pictorial presentation, and the data were collected as pre-test and post-test. Data collected from 2635 participants during pre - and post - education session revealed that mean score improved from 8.77±2.59 to 14.95±1.99. Impact of the education session showed a significant knowledge improvement about TB from 1.59% (pre - education) to 49.67% (post - education). The present study clearly demonstrated that a simple, 30- minute health education session did have a positive impact on knowledge and awareness about TB among school children as observed with increase in mean knowledge score from pre-test to post-test, indicating that empowerment of students could guide the community on various aspects of TB.
27865242	2	7	study	T062	C2603343
27865242	11	20	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27865242	25	34	awareness	T041	C0004448
27865242	41	53	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27865242	57	79	senior school children	T100	C0260267
27865242	83	92	Bangalore	T083	C0017446
27865242	94	99	India	T083	C0021201
27865242	100	112	Tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27865242	114	116	TB	T047	C0041296
27865242	124	142	infectious disease	T047	C0009450
27865242	153	179	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27865242	181	196	M. tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27865242	208	217	affecting	T169	C0392760
27865242	222	227	lungs	T023	C0024109
27865242	233	258	health care professionals	T097	C0018724
27865242	273	284	pharmacists	T097	C0031323
27865242	304	322	public health role	T058	C0034024
27865242	326	335	promoting	T052	C0033414
27865242	336	345	community	T096	C0009462
27865242	346	355	awareness	T041	C0004448
27865242	359	361	TB	T047	C0041296
27865242	378	386	reducing	T080	C0392756
27865242	387	393	stigma	T033	C0277787
27865242	406	408	TB	T047	C0041296
27865242	425	434	awareness	T041	C0004448
27865242	440	455	community level	T096	C0009462
27865242	469	479	vital role	T077	C1705810
27865242	483	490	control	T169	C2587213
27865242	495	505	prevention	T080	C2700409
27865242	509	511	TB	T047	C0041296
27865242	534	558	educational intervention	T061	C0281163
27865242	565	571	affect	T041	C0001721
27865242	576	581	level	T080	C0441889
27865242	585	587	TB	T047	C0041296
27865242	588	597	awareness	T041	C0004448
27865242	604	612	students	T098	C0038492
27865242	616	624	selected	T052	C1707391
27865242	625	632	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
27865242	637	660	pre-university colleges	T073	C0557806
27865242	662	666	PUCs	T073	C0557806
27865242	671	686	Bangalore urban	T083	C0017446
27865242	691	700	Bangalore	T083	C0017446
27865242	701	714	rural regions	T082	C0178837
27865242	728	733	study	T062	C2603343
27865242	758	766	students	T098	C0038492
27865242	789	792	PUC	T073	C0557806
27865242	796	805	Bangalore	T083	C0017446
27865242	806	811	rural	T082	C0178837
27865242	816	821	urban	T083	C0442529
27865242	822	834	jurisdiction	T170	C0680647
27865242	847	860	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27865242	865	873	designed	T052	C1707689
27865242	877	884	English	T171	C0376245
27865242	889	905	Kannada language	T171	C0574287
27865242	924	933	questions	T078	C0681799
27865242	939	954	multiple-choice	T052	C1707391
27865242	955	962	answers	T170	C1706817
27865242	970	976	minute	T079	C0439232
27865242	977	983	visual	T169	C0234621
27865242	984	1000	health education	T065	C0018701
27865242	1014	1016	TB	T047	C0041296
27865242	1020	1027	English	T171	C0376245
27865242	1049	1071	pictorial presentation	T170	C0600666
27865242	1081	1085	data	T078	C1511726
27865242	1091	1100	collected	T169	C1516698
27865242	1104	1112	pre-test	T079	C1254367
27865242	1117	1126	post-test	T079	C1254367
27865242	1128	1132	Data	T078	C1511726
27865242	1133	1142	collected	T169	C1516698
27865242	1153	1165	participants	T098	C0679646
27865242	1173	1176	pre	T079	C0332152
27865242	1183	1187	post	T079	C0687676
27865242	1190	1199	education	T065	C0018701
27865242	1200	1207	session	T077	C1883017
27865242	1208	1216	revealed	T080	C0443289
27865242	1222	1232	mean score	T033	C3533236
27865242	1233	1241	improved	T033	C0184511
27865242	1272	1278	Impact	T080	C4049986
27865242	1286	1295	education	T065	C0018701
27865242	1296	1303	session	T077	C1883017
27865242	1325	1334	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27865242	1335	1346	improvement	T077	C2986411
27865242	1353	1355	TB	T047	C0041296
27865242	1368	1371	pre	T079	C0332152
27865242	1374	1383	education	T065	C0018701
27865242	1396	1400	post	T079	C0687676
27865242	1403	1412	education	T065	C0018701
27865242	1427	1432	study	T062	C2603343
27865242	1473	1479	minute	T079	C0439232
27865242	1480	1496	health education	T065	C0018701
27865242	1497	1504	session	T077	C1883017
27865242	1516	1524	positive	T033	C1446409
27865242	1525	1531	impact	T080	C4049986
27865242	1535	1544	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27865242	1549	1558	awareness	T041	C0004448
27865242	1565	1567	TB	T047	C0041296
27865242	1574	1589	school children	T100	C0260267
27865242	1593	1601	observed	T169	C1441672
27865242	1607	1615	increase	T169	C0442805
27865242	1619	1639	mean knowledge score	T081	C0392762
27865242	1645	1653	pre-test	T079	C1254367
27865242	1657	1666	post-test	T079	C1254367
27865242	1684	1695	empowerment	T054	C0679959
27865242	1699	1707	students	T098	C0038492
27865242	1724	1733	community	T096	C0009462
27865242	1756	1758	TB	T047	C0041296

27865260|t|Antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of virulence genes, phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy camel-calves in Tunisia
27865260|a|This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of virulence genes, serogroups, antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic and healthy camel calves in Tunisia. From 120 fecal samples (62 healthy and 58 diarrheic camel calves aged less than 3 months), 70 E. coli isolates (53 from diarrheic herds and 17 from healthy herds) were examined by PCR for detection of the virulence genes associated with pathogenic E. coli in animals. A significantly greater frequency of the f17 gene was observed in individual camels and in herds with diarrhea, this gene being found in 44.7% and 41.5% of isolates from camels and herds with diarrhea versus 22.5% and 11.7% in camels (p=0.05) and herds without diarrhea (p=0.02). The aida, cnf1/2, f18, stx2 and paa genes were found only in isolates from camels with diarrhea, although at a low prevalence, 1.8%, 3.7%, 1.8%, 3.7% and 11.3%, respectively. Prevalence of afa8, cdtB, eae, east1, iroN, iss, kpsMTII, paa, sfa, tsh and papC genes did not differ significantly between herds with or without diarrhea. Genes coding for faeG, fanC, f41, estI, estII, CS31a and eltA were not detected in any isolates. All isolates were sensitive to amikacin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ceftiofur and the highest frequency of resistance was observed to tetracycline, and ampicillin (52.8% and 37.1% respectively). The phylogenetic groups were identified by conventional triplex PCR. Results showed that E. coli strains segregated mainly in phylogenetic group B1, 52.8% in diarrheic herds and 52.9% in healthy herds.
27865260	0	24	Antimicrobial resistance	T201	C1456627
27865260	29	55	molecular characterization	T033	C0243095
27865260	59	68	virulence	T038	C0042765
27865260	69	74	genes	T028	C0017337
27865260	76	95	phylogenetic groups	T078	C0441833
27865260	99	115	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27865260	130	139	diarrheic	T184	C0011991
27865260	144	151	healthy	T080	C3898900
27865260	152	164	camel-calves	T015	C0006801
27865260	168	175	Tunisia	T083	C0041388
27865260	218	228	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27865260	232	241	virulence	T038	C0042765
27865260	242	248	genes,	T028	C0017337
27865260	249	259	serogroups	T170	C0449543
27865260	261	285	antimicrobial resistance	T201	C1456627
27865260	290	309	phylogenetic groups	T078	C0441833
27865260	313	329	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27865260	352	361	diarrheic	T184	C0011991
27865260	366	373	healthy	T080	C3898900
27865260	374	386	camel calves	T015	C0006801
27865260	390	397	Tunisia	T083	C0041388
27865260	408	421	fecal samples	T058	C0455051
27865260	426	433	healthy	T080	C3898900
27865260	441	450	diarrheic	T184	C0011991
27865260	451	463	camel calves	T015	C0006801
27865260	464	468	aged	T032	C0001779
27865260	493	500	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27865260	519	528	diarrheic	T184	C0011991
27865260	529	534	herds	T054	C1690528
27865260	547	554	healthy	T080	C3898900
27865260	555	560	herds	T054	C1690528
27865260	579	582	PCR	T063	C0032520
27865260	604	613	virulence	T038	C0042765
27865260	614	619	genes	T028	C0017337
27865260	636	646	pathogenic	T001	C0450254
27865260	647	654	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27865260	658	665	animals	T008	C0003062
27865260	708	716	f17 gene	T028	C0017337
27865260	744	750	camels	T015	C0006801
27865260	758	763	herds	T054	C1690528
27865260	769	777	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27865260	784	788	gene	T028	C0017337
27865260	837	843	camels	T015	C0006801
27865260	848	853	herds	T054	C1690528
27865260	859	867	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27865260	894	900	camels	T015	C0006801
27865260	914	919	herds	T054	C1690528
27865260	920	927	without	T080	C0332288
27865260	928	936	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27865260	951	955	aida	T028	C1823700
27865260	957	963	cnf1/2	T028	C0017337
27865260	965	968	f18	T028	C1413834
27865260	970	974	stx2	T028	C1823140
27865260	979	988	paa genes	T028	C0017337
27865260	1022	1028	camels	T015	C0006801
27865260	1034	1042	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27865260	1136	1140	afa8	T028	C1412271
27865260	1142	1146	cdtB	T028	C0017337
27865260	1148	1151	eae	T028	C4072411
27865260	1153	1158	east1	T028	C0017337
27865260	1160	1164	iroN	T028	C0017337
27865260	1166	1169	iss	T028	C0017337
27865260	1171	1178	kpsMTII	T028	C0017337
27865260	1180	1183	paa	T028	C0017337
27865260	1185	1188	sfa	T028	C0017337
27865260	1190	1193	tsh	T028	C1421200
27865260	1198	1202	papC	T028	C1418309
27865260	1203	1208	genes	T028	C0017337
27865260	1246	1251	herds	T054	C1690528
27865260	1268	1276	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27865260	1278	1283	Genes	T028	C0017337
27865260	1284	1290	coding	T085	C0017380
27865260	1295	1299	faeG	T028	C0017337
27865260	1301	1305	fanC	T028	C0017337
27865260	1307	1310	f41	T028	C0017337
27865260	1312	1316	estI	T028	C0017337
27865260	1318	1323	estII	T028	C0017337
27865260	1325	1330	CS31a	T028	C0017337
27865260	1335	1339	eltA	T028	C0017337
27865260	1406	1414	amikacin	T109,T195	C0002499
27865260	1416	1431	chloramphenicol	T109,T195	C0008168
27865260	1433	1446	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
27865260	1448	1458	gentamicin	T109,T195	C3854019
27865260	1463	1472	ceftiofur	T109,T195	C0081959
27865260	1529	1541	tetracycline	T109,T195	C0039644
27865260	1547	1557	ampicillin	T109,T195	C0002680
27865260	1594	1613	phylogenetic groups	T078	C0441833
27865260	1633	1657	conventional triplex PCR	T063	C0032520
27865260	1679	1686	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27865260	1687	1694	strains	T001	C0682518
27865260	1716	1737	phylogenetic group B1	T078	C0441833
27865260	1748	1757	diarrheic	T184	C0011991
27865260	1758	1763	herds	T054	C1690528
27865260	1777	1784	healthy	T080	C3898900
27865260	1785	1790	herds	T054	C1690528

27865850|t|Biopersistence and translocation to extrapulmonary organs of titanium dioxide nanoparticles after subacute inhalation exposure to aerosol in adult and elderly rats
27865850|a|The increasing industrial use of nanoparticles (NPs) has raised concerns about their impact on human health. Since aging and exposure to environmental factors are linked to the risk for developing pathologies, we address the question of TiO2 NPs toxicokinetics in the context of a realistic occupational exposure. We report the biodistribution of titanium in healthy young adults (12-13-week-old) and in elderly rats (19-month-old) exposed to 10mg/m(3) of a TiO2 nanostructured aerosol 6h/day, 5days/week for 4 weeks. We measured Ti content in major organs using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry immediately and up to 180days after the end of exposure. Large amounts of titanium were initially found in lung which were slowly cleared during the post-exposure period. From day 28, a small increase of Ti was found in the spleen and liver of exposed young adult rats. Such an increase was however never found in their blood, kidneys or brain. In the elderly group, translocation to extra-pulmonary organs was significant at day 90. Ti recovered from the spleen and liver of exposed elderly rats was higher than in exposed young adults. These data suggest that TiO2 NPs may translocate from the lung to extra-pulmonary organs where they could possibly promote systemic health effects.
27865850	0	14	Biopersistence	T169	C0205245
27865850	19	32	translocation	T043	C0007613
27865850	36	50	extrapulmonary	T023	C0229962
27865850	51	57	organs	T023	C0178784
27865850	61	77	titanium dioxide	T121,T197	C0076733
27865850	78	91	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27865850	98	106	subacute	T079	C0205365
27865850	107	117	inhalation	T040	C0004048
27865850	118	129	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27865850	130	137	aerosol	T073	C0001712
27865850	141	146	adult	T100	C0001675
27865850	151	158	elderly	T098	C0001792
27865850	159	163	rats	T015	C0034693
27865850	179	193	industrial use	T057	C0021267
27865850	197	210	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27865850	212	215	NPs	T073	C1450054
27865850	259	264	human	T016	C0086418
27865850	265	271	health	T078	C0018684
27865850	279	284	aging	T040	C0001811
27865850	289	300	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27865850	301	322	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
27865850	361	372	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27865850	401	405	TiO2	T121,T197	C0076733
27865850	406	409	NPs	T073	C1450054
27865850	410	424	toxicokinetics	T091	C0282299
27865850	455	476	occupational exposure	T037	C0028798
27865850	492	507	biodistribution	T039	C1378698
27865850	511	519	titanium	T196	C0040302
27865850	523	530	healthy	T080	C3898900
27865850	537	543	adults	T100	C0001675
27865850	568	575	elderly	T098	C0001792
27865850	576	580	rats	T015	C0034693
27865850	596	603	exposed	T080	C0332157
27865850	622	626	TiO2	T121,T197	C0076733
27865850	627	641	nanostructured	T073	C1450053
27865850	642	649	aerosol	T073	C0001712
27865850	685	693	measured	T080	C0444706
27865850	694	696	Ti	T196	C0040302
27865850	697	704	content	T081	C1446561
27865850	714	720	organs	T023	C0178784
27865850	727	771	inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry	T059	C1553183
27865850	812	827	end of exposure	T079	C2826661
27865850	846	854	titanium	T196	C0040302
27865850	879	883	lung	T023	C0024109
27865850	902	909	cleared	T033	C0578395
27865850	921	941	post-exposure period	T080	C0332157
27865850	976	978	Ti	T196	C0040302
27865850	996	1002	spleen	T023	C0037993
27865850	1007	1012	liver	T023	C0023884
27865850	1016	1023	exposed	T080	C0332157
27865850	1030	1035	adult	T100	C0001675
27865850	1036	1040	rats	T015	C0034693
27865850	1092	1097	blood	T031	C0005767
27865850	1099	1106	kidneys	T023	C0022646
27865850	1110	1115	brain	T023	C0006104
27865850	1124	1131	elderly	T098	C0001792
27865850	1139	1152	translocation	T043	C0007613
27865850	1156	1171	extra-pulmonary	T023	C0229962
27865850	1172	1178	organs	T023	C0178784
27865850	1206	1208	Ti	T196	C0040302
27865850	1228	1234	spleen	T023	C0037993
27865850	1239	1244	liver	T023	C0023884
27865850	1248	1255	exposed	T080	C0332157
27865850	1256	1263	elderly	T098	C0001792
27865850	1264	1268	rats	T015	C0034693
27865850	1288	1295	exposed	T080	C0332157
27865850	1302	1308	adults	T100	C0001675
27865850	1334	1338	TiO2	T121,T197	C0076733
27865850	1339	1342	NPs	T073	C1450054
27865850	1347	1358	translocate	T043	C0007613
27865850	1368	1372	lung	T023	C0024109
27865850	1376	1391	extra-pulmonary	T023	C0229962
27865850	1392	1398	organs	T023	C0178784
27865850	1433	1456	systemic health effects	T078	C0018684

27866068|t|An abnormal ocular motor manifestation of Joubert syndrome
27866068|a|Joubert syndrome is a congenital neurodevelopmental disorder primarily affecting the midbrain and hindbrain. It is characterized by ataxia, hypotonia, and developmental delay as well as apnea or abnormal ocular motor function. We describe and present a video of a child with Joubert syndrome with an alternating skew deviation in primary position rather than on lateral gaze, which is a more characteristic phenotype of this condition.
27866068	3	11	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27866068	12	24	ocular motor	T023	C0028864
27866068	25	41	manifestation of	T080	C1280464
27866068	42	58	Joubert syndrome	T047	C0431399
27866068	59	75	Joubert syndrome	T047	C0431399
27866068	81	91	congenital	T080	C1744681
27866068	92	119	neurodevelopmental disorder	T048	C1535926
27866068	130	139	affecting	T169	C0392760
27866068	144	152	midbrain	T023	C0025462
27866068	157	166	hindbrain	T023	C0035507
27866068	191	197	ataxia	T184	C0004134
27866068	199	208	hypotonia	T033	C0026827
27866068	214	233	developmental delay	T048	C0424605
27866068	245	250	apnea	T046	C0003578
27866068	254	262	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27866068	263	284	ocular motor function	UnknownType	C0683208
27866068	312	317	video	T073	C0042650
27866068	323	328	child	T100	C0008059
27866068	334	350	Joubert syndrome	T047	C0431399
27866068	359	385	alternating skew deviation	T033	C4302024
27866068	389	405	primary position	T082	C0444508
27866068	421	433	lateral gaze	T082	C0449743
27866068	466	475	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27866068	484	493	condition	T047	C0431399

27866498|t|Emotional insecurity about the community: A dynamic, within-person mediator of child adjustment in contexts of political violence
27866498|a|Over 1 billion children worldwide are exposed to political violence and armed conflict. The current conclusions are qualified by limited longitudinal research testing sophisticated process-oriented explanatory models for child adjustment outcomes. In this study, consistent with a developmental psychopathology perspective emphasizing the value of process - oriented longitudinal study of child adjustment in developmental and social-ecological contexts, we tested emotional insecurity about the community as a dynamic, within-person mediating process for relations between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. Specifically, this study explored children's emotional insecurity at a person-oriented level of analysis assessed over 5 consecutive years, with child gender examined as a moderator of indirect effects between sectarian community violence and child adjustment. In the context of a five-wave longitudinal research design, participants included 928 mother-child dyads in Belfast (453 boys, 475 girls) drawn from socially deprived, ethnically homogenous areas that had experienced political violence. Youth ranged in age from 10 to 20 years and were 13.24 (SD = 1.83) years old on average at the initial time point. Greater insecurity about the community measured over multiple time points mediated relations between sectarian community violence and youth's total adjustment problems. The pathway from sectarian community violence to emotional insecurity about the community was moderated by child gender, with relations to emotional insecurity about the community stronger for girls than for boys. The results suggest that ameliorating children's insecurity about community in contexts of political violence is an important goal toward improving adolescents' well-being and adjustment. These results are discussed in terms of their translational research implications, consistent with a developmental psychopathology model for the interface between basic and intervention research.
27866498	0	20	Emotional insecurity	T041	C0237676
27866498	31	40	community	T096	C0009462
27866498	44	51	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27866498	79	84	child	T100	C0008059
27866498	85	95	adjustment	T048	C0001546
27866498	99	107	contexts	T078	C0449255
27866498	111	120	political	T057	C0032379
27866498	121	129	violence	T048	C0042693
27866498	145	153	children	T100	C0008059
27866498	168	178	exposed to	T080	C0332157
27866498	179	188	political	T057	C0032379
27866498	189	197	violence	T048	C0042693
27866498	202	216	armed conflict	T068	C4042922
27866498	222	229	current	T079	C0521116
27866498	230	241	conclusions	T078	C1707478
27866498	259	266	limited	T169	C0439801
27866498	267	296	longitudinal research testing	T062	C0023981
27866498	311	346	process-oriented explanatory models	T075	C0026336
27866498	351	356	child	T100	C0008059
27866498	357	367	adjustment	T048	C0001546
27866498	368	376	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27866498	386	391	study	T062	C2603343
27866498	411	424	developmental	T080	C0458003
27866498	425	440	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
27866498	478	485	process	T067	C1522240
27866498	488	496	oriented	T033	C3842076
27866498	497	515	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
27866498	519	524	child	T100	C0008059
27866498	525	535	adjustment	T048	C0001546
27866498	539	552	developmental	T080	C0458003
27866498	557	574	social-ecological	T068	C3661508
27866498	575	583	contexts	T078	C0449255
27866498	595	615	emotional insecurity	T041	C0237676
27866498	626	635	community	T096	C0009462
27866498	641	648	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27866498	650	681	within-person mediating process	T067	C1522240
27866498	686	695	relations	T054	C0009481
27866498	704	713	sectarian	T098	C1257890
27866498	714	732	community violence	T033	C4061413
27866498	737	742	child	T100	C0008059
27866498	743	753	adjustment	T048	C0001546
27866498	774	779	study	T062	C2603343
27866498	789	799	children's	T100	C0008059
27866498	800	820	emotional insecurity	T041	C0237676
27866498	826	841	person-oriented	T033	C1961030
27866498	842	847	level	T080	C0441889
27866498	851	859	analysis	T062	C0936012
27866498	860	868	assessed	T052	C1516048
27866498	876	887	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27866498	888	893	years	T079	C0439234
27866498	900	905	child	T100	C0008059
27866498	906	912	gender	T032	C0079399
27866498	913	921	examined	T033	C0332128
27866498	940	948	indirect	T080	C0439852
27866498	949	956	effects	T080	C1280500
27866498	965	974	sectarian	T098	C1257890
27866498	975	984	community	T096	C0009462
27866498	985	993	violence	T048	C0042693
27866498	998	1003	child	T100	C0008059
27866498	1004	1014	adjustment	T048	C0001546
27866498	1023	1030	context	T078	C0449255
27866498	1036	1074	five-wave longitudinal research design	T062	C0035171
27866498	1076	1088	participants	T098	C0679646
27866498	1102	1114	mother-child	T054	C0260023
27866498	1115	1120	dyads	T098	C0870454
27866498	1124	1131	Belfast	T083	C0454895
27866498	1137	1141	boys	T100	C0870221
27866498	1147	1152	girls	T100	C0870604
27866498	1165	1182	socially deprived	T068	C0677638
27866498	1184	1194	ethnically	T033	C0680174
27866498	1195	1205	homogenous	T082	C0439713
27866498	1206	1211	areas	T083	C0017446
27866498	1233	1242	political	T057	C0032379
27866498	1243	1251	violence	T048	C0042693
27866498	1253	1258	Youth	T100	C0087178
27866498	1259	1265	ranged	T081	C1514721
27866498	1269	1272	age	T032	C0001779
27866498	1309	1311	SD	T081	C0871420
27866498	1333	1340	average	T081	C1510992
27866498	1356	1366	time point	T079	C2348792
27866498	1368	1375	Greater	T081	C1704243
27866498	1376	1386	insecurity	T041	C0237676
27866498	1397	1406	community	T096	C0009462
27866498	1407	1415	measured	T080	C0444706
27866498	1421	1429	multiple	T081	C0439064
27866498	1430	1441	time points	T079	C2348792
27866498	1451	1460	relations	T054	C0009481
27866498	1469	1478	sectarian	T098	C1257890
27866498	1479	1488	community	T096	C0009462
27866498	1489	1497	violence	T048	C0042693
27866498	1502	1509	youth's	T100	C0087178
27866498	1516	1535	adjustment problems	T033	C0580095
27866498	1541	1548	pathway	T077	C1705987
27866498	1554	1563	sectarian	T098	C1257890
27866498	1564	1573	community	T096	C0009462
27866498	1574	1582	violence	T048	C0042693
27866498	1586	1606	emotional insecurity	T041	C0237676
27866498	1617	1626	community	T096	C0009462
27866498	1644	1649	child	T100	C0008059
27866498	1650	1656	gender	T032	C0079399
27866498	1663	1672	relations	T054	C0009481
27866498	1676	1696	emotional insecurity	T041	C0237676
27866498	1707	1716	community	T096	C0009462
27866498	1730	1735	girls	T100	C0870604
27866498	1745	1749	boys	T100	C0870221
27866498	1755	1762	results	T033	C0683954
27866498	1776	1788	ameliorating	T080	C0205556
27866498	1789	1799	children's	T100	C0008059
27866498	1800	1810	insecurity	T041	C0237676
27866498	1817	1826	community	T096	C0009462
27866498	1830	1838	contexts	T078	C0449255
27866498	1842	1851	political	T057	C0032379
27866498	1852	1860	violence	T048	C0042693
27866498	1877	1881	goal	T170	C0018017
27866498	1889	1898	improving	T080	C1272745
27866498	1899	1911	adolescents'	T100	C0205653
27866498	1912	1922	well-being	T078	C0018684
27866498	1927	1937	adjustment	T048	C0001546
27866498	1945	1952	results	T033	C0683954
27866498	1985	2007	translational research	T062	C3494163
27866498	2022	2037	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27866498	2040	2053	developmental	T080	C0458003
27866498	2054	2069	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
27866498	2070	2075	model	T075	C0026336
27866498	2112	2133	intervention research	T062	C0035168

27866504|t|Oxytocin Reduces Face Processing Time but Leaves Recognition Accuracy and Eye - Gaze Unaffected
27866504|a|Previous studies have found that oxytocin (OXT) can improve the recognition of emotional facial expressions; it has been proposed that this effect is mediated by an increase in attention to the eye-region of faces. Nevertheless, evidence in support of this claim is inconsistent, and few studies have directly tested the effect of oxytocin on emotion recognition via altered eye - gaze Methods: In a double-blind, within - subjects, randomized control experiment, 40 healthy male participants received 24 IU intranasal OXT and placebo in two identical experimental sessions separated by a 2- week interval. Visual attention to the eye-region was assessed on both occasions while participants completed a static facial emotion recognition task using medium intensity facial expressions. Although OXT had no effect on emotion recognition accuracy, recognition performance was improved because face processing was faster across emotions under the influence of OXT. This effect was marginally significant (p<.06). Consistent with a previous study using dynamic stimuli, OXT had no effect on eye - gaze patterns when viewing static emotional faces and this was not related to recognition accuracy or face processing time. These findings suggest that OXT - induced enhanced facial emotion recognition is not necessarily mediated by an increase in attention to the eye-region of faces, as previously assumed. We discuss several methodological issues which may explain discrepant findings and suggest the effect of OXT on visual attention may differ depending on task requirements. (JINS, 2017, 23, 23-33).
27866504	0	8	Oxytocin	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27866504	9	16	Reduces	T080	C0392756
27866504	17	21	Face	T029	C0015450
27866504	22	32	Processing	T052	C1709694
27866504	33	37	Time	T079	C0040223
27866504	42	48	Leaves	T080	C0205556
27866504	49	60	Recognition	T041	C0524637
27866504	61	69	Accuracy	T080	C0443131
27866504	74	77	Eye	T023	C0015392
27866504	80	84	Gaze	T033	C0553544
27866504	85	95	Unaffected	T077	C2986417
27866504	96	104	Previous	T079	C0205156
27866504	105	112	studies	T062	C0681814
27866504	129	137	oxytocin	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27866504	139	142	OXT	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27866504	148	155	improve	T033	C0184511
27866504	160	171	recognition	T041	C0524637
27866504	175	184	emotional	T033	C0849912
27866504	185	203	facial expressions	T033	C0015457
27866504	217	225	proposed	T080	C1553874
27866504	236	242	effect	T080	C1280500
27866504	246	254	mediated	T054	C0086597
27866504	261	269	increase	T169	C0442805
27866504	273	282	attention	T041	C0004268
27866504	290	300	eye-region	T029	C0446453
27866504	304	309	faces	T029	C0015450
27866504	325	333	evidence	T078	C3887511
27866504	362	374	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
27866504	380	383	few	T081	C0205388
27866504	384	391	studies	T062	C0681814
27866504	397	405	directly	T080	C1947931
27866504	406	412	tested	T169	C0039593
27866504	417	423	effect	T080	C1280500
27866504	427	435	oxytocin	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27866504	439	446	emotion	T041	C0013987
27866504	447	458	recognition	T041	C0524637
27866504	463	470	altered	T169	C0392747
27866504	471	474	eye	T023	C0015392
27866504	477	481	gaze	T033	C0553544
27866504	482	489	Methods	T170	C0025663
27866504	496	508	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27866504	510	516	within	T082	C0332285
27866504	519	527	subjects	T098	C0080105
27866504	529	558	randomized control experiment	T062	C0681814
27866504	563	570	healthy	T080	C3898900
27866504	571	588	male participants	T098	C0025266
27866504	589	597	received	T080	C1514756
27866504	601	603	IU	T081	C0439453
27866504	604	614	intranasal	T061	C0001560
27866504	615	618	OXT	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27866504	623	630	placebo	T122	C1696465
27866504	638	647	identical	T080	C0205280
27866504	648	660	experimental	T080	C1517586
27866504	661	669	sessions	T051	C1883016
27866504	670	679	separated	T080	C0443299
27866504	688	692	week	T079	C0439230
27866504	693	701	interval	T079	C1272706
27866504	703	719	Visual attention	T041	C0589102
27866504	727	737	eye-region	T029	C0446453
27866504	742	750	assessed	T052	C1516048
27866504	775	787	participants	T098	C0679646
27866504	788	797	completed	T080	C0205197
27866504	800	806	static	T080	C0441463
27866504	807	813	facial	T029	C0015450
27866504	814	821	emotion	T041	C0013987
27866504	822	833	recognition	T041	C0524637
27866504	834	838	task	T057	C3540678
27866504	845	861	medium intensity	T080	C0522510
27866504	862	880	facial expressions	T033	C0015457
27866504	891	894	OXT	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27866504	899	908	no effect	T080	C1301751
27866504	912	919	emotion	T041	C0013987
27866504	920	931	recognition	T041	C0524637
27866504	932	940	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27866504	942	953	recognition	T041	C0524637
27866504	954	965	performance	T052	C1882330
27866504	970	978	improved	T033	C0184511
27866504	987	991	face	T029	C0015450
27866504	992	1002	processing	T052	C1709694
27866504	1007	1013	faster	T080	C0456962
27866504	1021	1029	emotions	T041	C0013987
27866504	1040	1049	influence	T077	C4054723
27866504	1053	1056	OXT	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27866504	1063	1069	effect	T080	C1280500
27866504	1074	1084	marginally	T080	C1947914
27866504	1085	1096	significant	T078	C0750502
27866504	1106	1121	Consistent with	T078	C0332290
27866504	1124	1132	previous	T079	C0205156
27866504	1133	1138	study	T062	C0681814
27866504	1145	1160	dynamic stimuli	T067	C0234402
27866504	1162	1165	OXT	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27866504	1170	1179	no effect	T080	C1301751
27866504	1183	1186	eye	T023	C0015392
27866504	1189	1193	gaze	T033	C0553544
27866504	1194	1202	patterns	T082	C0449774
27866504	1208	1215	viewing	T082	C0449911
27866504	1216	1222	static	T080	C0441463
27866504	1223	1232	emotional	T033	C0849912
27866504	1233	1238	faces	T029	C0015450
27866504	1267	1278	recognition	T041	C0524637
27866504	1279	1287	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27866504	1291	1295	face	T029	C0015450
27866504	1296	1306	processing	T052	C1709694
27866504	1307	1311	time	T079	C0040223
27866504	1319	1327	findings	T033	C0243095
27866504	1328	1335	suggest	T078	C1705535
27866504	1341	1344	OXT	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27866504	1347	1354	induced	T169	C0205263
27866504	1355	1363	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27866504	1364	1370	facial	T029	C0015450
27866504	1371	1378	emotion	T041	C0013987
27866504	1379	1390	recognition	T041	C0524637
27866504	1410	1418	mediated	T054	C0086597
27866504	1425	1433	increase	T169	C0442805
27866504	1437	1446	attention	T041	C0004268
27866504	1454	1464	eye-region	T029	C0446453
27866504	1468	1473	faces	T029	C0015450
27866504	1478	1488	previously	T079	C0205156
27866504	1489	1496	assumed	T170	C3242379
27866504	1509	1516	several	T081	C0443302
27866504	1517	1531	methodological	T078	C3266812
27866504	1532	1538	issues	T033	C0033213
27866504	1557	1576	discrepant findings	T033	C0243095
27866504	1581	1588	suggest	T078	C1705535
27866504	1593	1599	effect	T080	C1280500
27866504	1603	1606	OXT	T116,T121,T125	C0030095
27866504	1610	1626	visual attention	T041	C0589102
27866504	1651	1655	task	T057	C3540678
27866504	1656	1668	requirements	T169	C1514873

27866508|t|New directions for psychiatric rehabilitation in the USA
27866508|a|American researchers have led the world in developing, evaluating, and disseminating evidence -based psychiatric rehabilitation practices for people with serious mental illness. Paradoxically, however, the USA lags behind most industrialized nations in providing access to high-quality mental health and psychiatric services. This essay examines several evidence-based practices developed in the USA, the spread of these practices, the barriers to ensuring availability to people who could benefit from these services, and some promising directions for overcoming the barriers. Factors influencing the growth and sustainment of effective client -centred practices include the availability of adequate and stable funding, committed leadership, and the influence of vested interests. Two strategies for promoting the spread and sustainment of well-implemented evidence-based practices are the adoption of fidelity scales and learning communities.
27866508	19	45	psychiatric rehabilitation	T061	C0204512
27866508	53	56	USA	T083	C0041703
27866508	57	65	American	T098	C0596070
27866508	66	77	researchers	T097	C0035173
27866508	91	96	world	T098	C2700280
27866508	100	110	developing	T169	C1527148
27866508	112	122	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27866508	128	141	disseminating	T082	C0205221
27866508	142	150	evidence	T078	C3887511
27866508	158	184	psychiatric rehabilitation	T061	C0204512
27866508	185	194	practices	T169	C1510541
27866508	199	205	people	T098	C0027361
27866508	211	218	serious	T080	C0205404
27866508	219	233	mental illness	T048	C0004936
27866508	263	266	USA	T083	C0041703
27866508	284	306	industrialized nations	T080	C0282613
27866508	320	326	access	T080	C0018748
27866508	330	342	high-quality	T058	C0034379
27866508	343	356	mental health	T058	C0025355
27866508	361	381	psychiatric services	T058	C3526598
27866508	388	393	essay	T170	C0684224
27866508	411	435	evidence-based practices	T169	C1510541
27866508	453	456	USA	T083	C0041703
27866508	478	487	practices	T058	C0034024
27866508	493	501	barriers	T033	C3260965
27866508	514	526	availability	T080	C0018748
27866508	530	536	people	T098	C0027361
27866508	547	554	benefit	T081	C0086387
27866508	566	574	services	T058	C0025355
27866508	610	620	overcoming	T052	C2983310
27866508	625	633	barriers	T033	C3260965
27866508	635	642	Factors	T169	C1521761
27866508	670	681	sustainment	T052	C0024501
27866508	685	694	effective	T080	C1704419
27866508	695	701	client	T096	C0008942
27866508	711	720	practices	T058	C0034024
27866508	733	745	availability	T169	C0470187
27866508	749	776	adequate and stable funding	T081	C0243098
27866508	778	798	committed leadership	T054	C0023181
27866508	808	817	influence	T077	C4054723
27866508	858	867	promoting	T052	C0033414
27866508	872	878	spread	T080	C0332261
27866508	883	894	sustainment	T052	C0024501
27866508	898	939	well-implemented evidence-based practices	T169	C1510541
27866508	948	956	adoption	T052	C1708476
27866508	960	975	fidelity scales	T054	C0680011
27866508	980	988	learning	T041	C0023185
27866508	989	1000	communities	T096	C0009462

27866595|t|Modifiable Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors: 10-Year Health Outcomes From a Health Promotion Program
27866595|a|Previous studies have examined the impact of healthy lifestyle choices on health-related outcomes; however, given their fragmented, often cross-sectional nature, assessing the relative impact of daily modifiable behaviors on overall long-term outcomes, particularly for a diverse working adult population, remains challenging. Relationships between ten self-reported healthy lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes during the subsequent 9 years in a cohort of 10,248 participants enrolled during 2003 in a voluntary workplace wellness program were assessed. Cox proportional-hazards models computed hazard ratios (HRs) for lifestyle characteristics associated with time to one of seven self-reported chronic diseases or death. Data were collected between 2003 and 2012 and analyzed between 2014 and 2016. Behaviors that most significantly affected future outcomes were low-fat diet, aerobic exercise, nonsmoking, and adequate sleep. A dose-response effect was seen between dietary fat intake and hypertension, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia. After dietary fat intake, aerobic exercise was the next most significant behavior associated with development of outcomes. Compared with sedentary participants, those who exercised 4 days per week were less likely to develop new-onset diabetes (HR =0.31, 95% CI =0.20, 0.48); heart disease (HR =0.46, 95% CI =0.27, 0.80); and hypercholesterolemia (HR =0.61, 95% CI =0.50, 0.74). Low-fat diet and adequate sleep were more significant than commonly promoted healthy behaviors, such as eating a daily breakfast. Modifiable lifestyle behaviors targeted in health promotion programs should be prioritized in an evidence-based manner. Top priorities for workplace health promotion should include low-fat diet, aerobic exercise, nonsmoking, and adequate sleep.
27866595	0	10	Modifiable	T169	C0392747
27866595	11	38	Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors	T055	C4277664
27866595	48	63	Health Outcomes	T170	C1550208
27866595	71	95	Health Promotion Program	T058	C0018738
27866595	131	140	impact of	T080	C4049986
27866595	141	166	healthy lifestyle choices	T055	C4277664
27866595	170	193	health-related outcomes	T170	C1550208
27866595	216	226	fragmented	T080	C1708096
27866595	234	256	cross-sectional nature	T062	C0010362
27866595	258	287	assessing the relative impact	T058	C1160858
27866595	297	307	modifiable	T169	C0392747
27866595	308	317	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27866595	329	338	long-term	T079	C0443252
27866595	339	347	outcomes	T170	C1550208
27866595	376	400	working adult population	T098	C1527116
27866595	402	421	remains challenging	T080	C0205556
27866595	449	462	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27866595	463	490	healthy lifestyle behaviors	T055	C4277664
27866595	495	510	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27866595	546	552	cohort	T098	C0599755
27866595	563	575	participants	T098	C0679646
27866595	602	611	voluntary	T055	C0439656
27866595	612	621	workplace	T082	C0162579
27866595	622	638	wellness program	T058	C0043113
27866595	654	685	Cox proportional-hazards models	T081,T170	C0010235
27866595	686	708	computed hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27866595	710	713	HRs	T081	C2985465
27866595	719	744	lifestyle characteristics	T054	C0023676
27866595	761	765	time	T079	C0040223
27866595	782	795	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27866595	796	812	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
27866595	816	821	death	T040	C0011065
27866595	823	842	Data were collected	T033	C4019276
27866595	901	910	Behaviors	T053	C0004927
27866595	944	959	future outcomes	T081	C0086749
27866595	965	977	low-fat diet	T061	C0242970
27866595	979	995	aerobic exercise	T061	C0001701
27866595	997	1007	nonsmoking	T058	C0812017
27866595	1013	1027	adequate sleep	T033	C2364286
27866595	1031	1051	dose-response effect	T062	C4284887
27866595	1069	1087	dietary fat intake	T033	C0425440
27866595	1092	1104	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27866595	1106	1113	obesity	T047	C0028754
27866595	1115	1123	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27866595	1125	1138	heart disease	T047	C0018799
27866595	1144	1164	hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
27866595	1172	1190	dietary fat intake	T033	C0425440
27866595	1192	1208	aerobic exercise	T061	C0001701
27866595	1239	1247	behavior	T053	C0004927
27866595	1264	1287	development of outcomes	T062	C0086750
27866595	1303	1312	sedentary	T080	C0205254
27866595	1313	1325	participants	T098	C0679646
27866595	1337	1346	exercised	T056	C0015259
27866595	1391	1409	new-onset diabetes	UnknownType	C0743128
27866595	1411	1413	HR	T081	C2985465
27866595	1425	1427	CI	T081	C0009667
27866595	1442	1455	heart disease	T047	C0018799
27866595	1457	1459	HR	T081	C2985465
27866595	1471	1473	CI	T081	C0009667
27866595	1492	1512	hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
27866595	1514	1516	HR	T081	C2985465
27866595	1528	1530	CI	T081	C0009667
27866595	1545	1557	Low-fat diet	T061	C0242970
27866595	1562	1576	adequate sleep	T033	C2364286
27866595	1622	1639	healthy behaviors	T055	C4277664
27866595	1649	1673	eating a daily breakfast	T055	C0814440
27866595	1675	1685	Modifiable	T169	C0392747
27866595	1686	1705	lifestyle behaviors	T054	C0023676
27866595	1718	1743	health promotion programs	T058	C0018738
27866595	1772	1793	evidence-based manner	T169	C1510541
27866595	1814	1823	workplace	T082	C0162579
27866595	1824	1840	health promotion	T058	C0018738
27866595	1856	1868	low-fat diet	T061	C0242970
27866595	1870	1886	aerobic exercise	T061	C0001701
27866595	1888	1898	nonsmoking	T058	C0812017
27866595	1904	1918	adequate sleep	T033	C2364286

27866833|t|TP53 and 53BP1 Reunited
27866833|a|Identified as a TP53 - binding protein, 53BP1 is a key regulator of the cellular response to double-strand breaks, a TP53 -independent activity. Recent data have established a new TP53 -dependent function for 53BP1 in mitotic surveillance after centrosome loss.
27866833	0	4	TP53	T116,T123	C0080055
27866833	9	14	53BP1	T116,T123	C2982393
27866833	40	44	TP53	T116,T123	C0080055
27866833	47	62	binding protein	T116,T123	C0012940
27866833	64	69	53BP1	T116,T123	C2982393
27866833	79	88	regulator	T028	C0017362
27866833	96	137	cellular response to double-strand breaks	T043	C1155291
27866833	141	145	TP53	T116,T123	C0080055
27866833	159	167	activity	T043	C0007613
27866833	204	208	TP53	T116,T123	C0080055
27866833	220	228	function	T043	C0007613
27866833	233	238	53BP1	T116,T123	C2982393
27866833	242	262	mitotic surveillance	T043	C0026255
27866833	269	279	centrosome	T026	C0242608
27866833	280	284	loss	T081	C1517945

27866868|t|Lack of evidence of lower 30-day all-cause readmission in Medicare beneficiaries with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction discharged on spironolactone
27866868|a|Therapy with evidence -based heart failure (HF) medications has been shown to be associated with lower risk of 30-day all-cause readmission in patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We examined the association of aldosterone antagonist use with 30-day all-cause readmission in this population. Of the 2443 Medicare beneficiaries with HF and left ventricular EF ≤35% discharged home from 106 Alabama hospitals during 1998-2001, 2060 were eligible for spironolactone therapy (serum creatinine ≤2.5 for men and ≤2mg/dl for women, and serum potassium <5mEq/L). After excluding 186 patients already receiving spironolactone on admission, the inception cohort consisted of 1874 patients eligible for a new discharge prescription for spironolactone, of which 329 received one. Using propensity scores for initiation of spironolactone therapy, we assembled a matched cohort of 324 pairs of patients receiving and not receiving spironolactone balanced on 34 baseline characteristics (mean age 72years, 42% women, 33% African American). Thirty-day all-cause readmission occurred in 17% and 19% of matched patients receiving and not receiving spironolactone, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-1.32; p=0.650). Spironolactone had no association with 30-day all-cause mortality (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.38-1.88; p=0.678) or HF readmission (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.41 1.31; p=0.301). These associations remained unchanged during 12months of post-discharge follow-up. A discharge prescription for spironolactone had no association with 30-day all-cause readmission among older, hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries with HFrEF eligible for spironolactone therapy.
27866868	0	7	Lack of	T080	C0332268
27866868	8	16	evidence	T078	C3887511
27866868	20	25	lower	T052	C2003888
27866868	43	54	readmission	T058	C0030700
27866868	58	66	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27866868	67	80	beneficiaries	T169	C1550502
27866868	86	99	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27866868	104	111	reduced	T080	C0392756
27866868	112	129	ejection fraction	T042	C0232174
27866868	130	140	discharged	T058	C0030685
27866868	144	158	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
27866868	159	166	Therapy	T061	C0087111
27866868	172	180	evidence	T078	C3887511
27866868	188	201	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27866868	203	205	HF	T047	C0018801
27866868	207	218	medications	T170	C4284232
27866868	240	255	associated with	T080	C0332281
27866868	256	266	lower risk	T081	C3538919
27866868	287	298	readmission	T058	C0030700
27866868	302	310	patients	T101	C0030705
27866868	316	318	HF	T047	C0018801
27866868	323	348	reduced ejection fraction	T033	C4022792
27866868	350	355	HFrEF	T047	C0012634
27866868	361	369	examined	T033	C0332128
27866868	374	388	association of	T067	C0596306
27866868	389	411	aldosterone antagonist	T121	C0002007
27866868	438	449	readmission	T058	C0030700
27866868	458	468	population	T098	C1257890
27866868	482	490	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27866868	491	504	beneficiaries	T169	C1550502
27866868	510	512	HF	T047	C0018801
27866868	517	536	left ventricular EF	T201	C0428772
27866868	542	557	discharged home	T061	C0184713
27866868	567	574	Alabama	T083	C0001895
27866868	575	584	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27866868	585	591	during	T079	C0347984
27866868	613	621	eligible	T080	C1548635
27866868	626	640	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
27866868	641	648	therapy	T061	C0087111
27866868	650	666	serum creatinine	T033	C0600061
27866868	676	679	men	T032	C0086582
27866868	696	701	women	T032	C0086287
27866868	707	722	serum potassium	T059	C0302353
27866868	739	748	excluding	T052	C2828389
27866868	753	761	patients	T101	C0030705
27866868	770	779	receiving	T080	C1514756
27866868	780	794	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
27866868	798	807	admission	T058	C0030673
27866868	813	829	inception cohort	UnknownType	C0150101
27866868	848	856	patients	T101	C0030705
27866868	857	865	eligible	T080	C1548635
27866868	876	885	discharge	T058	C0030685
27866868	886	898	prescription	T058	C0033080
27866868	903	917	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
27866868	952	969	propensity scores	T081	C2718044
27866868	974	984	initiation	T169	C1704686
27866868	988	1002	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
27866868	1003	1010	therapy	T061	C0087111
27866868	1035	1041	cohort	T098	C0599755
27866868	1058	1066	patients	T101	C0030705
27866868	1067	1076	receiving	T080	C1514756
27866868	1095	1109	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
27866868	1125	1133	baseline	T081	C1442488
27866868	1134	1149	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27866868	1173	1178	women	T032	C0086287
27866868	1184	1200	African American	T098	C0085756
27866868	1224	1235	readmission	T058	C0030700
27866868	1236	1244	occurred	T052	C1709305
27866868	1263	1270	matched	T080	C1708943
27866868	1271	1279	patients	T101	C0030705
27866868	1280	1289	receiving	T080	C1514756
27866868	1308	1322	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
27866868	1338	1350	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27866868	1352	1354	HR	T081	C2985465
27866868	1367	1386	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27866868	1388	1390	CI	T081	C0009667
27866868	1414	1428	Spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
27866868	1470	1479	mortality	T081	C0026565
27866868	1481	1483	HR	T081	C2985465
27866868	1495	1497	CI	T081	C0009667
27866868	1522	1524	HF	T047	C0018801
27866868	1525	1536	readmission	T058	C0030700
27866868	1538	1540	HR	T081	C2985465
27866868	1552	1554	CI	T081	C0009667
27866868	1605	1614	unchanged	T080	C2346711
27866868	1615	1621	during	T079	C0347984
27866868	1634	1658	post-discharge follow-up	T033	C1320368
27866868	1662	1671	discharge	T058	C0030685
27866868	1672	1684	prescription	T058	C0033080
27866868	1689	1703	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
27866868	1745	1756	readmission	T058	C0030700
27866868	1763	1768	older	T098	C3826770
27866868	1770	1782	hospitalized	T101	C0870668
27866868	1783	1791	Medicare	T064	C0018717
27866868	1792	1805	beneficiaries	T169	C1550502
27866868	1811	1816	HFrEF	T047	C0012634
27866868	1817	1825	eligible	T080	C1548635
27866868	1830	1844	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
27866868	1845	1852	therapy	T061	C0087111

27867086|t|Diazoxide prevents reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial damage, leading to anti-hypertrophic effects
27867086|a|Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by wall thickening or chamber enlargement of the heart in response to pressure or volume overload, respectively. This condition will, initially, improve the organ contractile function, but if sustained will render dysfunctional mitochondria and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (mitoKATP) modulate the redox status of the cell and protect against several cardiac insults. Here, we tested the hypothesis that mitoKATP opening (using diazoxide) will avoid isoproterenol - induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial Ca(2+) - induced swelling. To induce cardiac hypertrophy, Swiss mice were treated intraperitoneally with isoproterenol (30 mg/kg/ day) for 8 days. Diazoxide (5 mg/kg/ day) was used to open mitoKATP and 5-hydroxydecanoate (5 mg/kg/ day) was administrated as a mitoKATP blocker. Isoproterenol - treated mice had elevated heart weight / tibia length ratios and increased myocyte cross-sectional areas. Additionally, hypertrophic hearts produced higher levels of H2O2 and had lower glutathione peroxidase activity. In contrast, mitoKATP opening with diazoxide blocked all isoproterenol effects in a manner reversed by 5-hydroxydecanoate. Isolated mitochondria from Isoproterenol - induced hypertrophic hearts had increased susceptibility to Ca(2+) - induced swelling secondary to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. MitokATP opening was accompanied by lower Ca(2+) - induced mitochondrial swelling, an effect blocked by 5-hydroxydecanoate. Our results suggest that mitoKATP opening negatively regulates cardiac hypertrophy by avoiding oxidative impairment and mitochondrial damage.
27867086	0	9	Diazoxide	T109,T121	C0012022
27867086	10	18	prevents	T169	C1292733
27867086	19	42	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27867086	47	67	mitochondrial damage	T046	C1096176
27867086	80	105	anti-hypertrophic effects	T033	C0243095
27867086	106	118	Pathological	T169	C0205469
27867086	119	138	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27867086	142	155	characterized	T052	C1880022
27867086	159	163	wall	T023	C0446987
27867086	164	174	thickening	T033	C0205400
27867086	178	185	chamber	T023	C0729936
27867086	186	197	enlargement	T046	C0020564
27867086	205	210	heart	T023	C0018787
27867086	226	234	pressure	T081	C4284008
27867086	238	244	volume	T081	C0449468
27867086	274	283	condition	T080	C0348080
27867086	301	308	improve	T033	C0184511
27867086	313	318	organ	T023	C0178784
27867086	319	339	contractile function	T042	C1258017
27867086	348	357	sustained	T169	C0443318
27867086	370	383	dysfunctional	T077	C3887504
27867086	384	396	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27867086	401	417	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27867086	419	460	Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channels	T116,T192	C0764439
27867086	462	470	mitoKATP	T116,T192	C0764439
27867086	472	480	modulate	T082	C0443264
27867086	485	497	redox status	T044	C0030012
27867086	505	509	cell	T025	C0007634
27867086	514	521	protect	T033	C1545588
27867086	538	545	cardiac	T023	C0018787
27867086	546	553	insults	T169	C1883709
27867086	575	585	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27867086	591	599	mitoKATP	T116,T192	C0764439
27867086	600	607	opening	T082	C1882151
27867086	615	624	diazoxide	T109,T121	C0012022
27867086	637	650	isoproterenol	T109,T121	C0022245
27867086	653	660	induced	T169	C0205263
27867086	661	680	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27867086	681	688	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27867086	703	726	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27867086	727	731	(ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27867086	748	761	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27867086	762	768	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27867086	771	778	induced	T169	C0205263
27867086	779	787	swelling	T033	C0038999
27867086	792	798	induce	T169	C0205263
27867086	799	818	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27867086	820	830	Swiss mice	T015	C0162416
27867086	836	843	treated	T169	C1522326
27867086	844	861	intraperitoneally	T082	C0442120
27867086	867	880	isoproterenol	T109,T121	C0022245
27867086	892	895	day	T079	C0439228
27867086	903	907	days	T079	C0439228
27867086	909	918	Diazoxide	T109,T121	C0012022
27867086	929	932	day	T079	C0439228
27867086	951	959	mitoKATP	T116,T192	C0764439
27867086	964	982	5-hydroxydecanoate	T109,T121	C0098450
27867086	993	996	day	T079	C0439228
27867086	1021	1029	mitoKATP	T116,T192	C0764439
27867086	1030	1037	blocker	T121	C0870261
27867086	1039	1052	Isoproterenol	T109,T121	C0022245
27867086	1055	1062	treated	T169	C1522326
27867086	1063	1067	mice	T015	C0025929
27867086	1072	1080	elevated	T080	C3163633
27867086	1081	1086	heart	T023	C0018787
27867086	1087	1093	weight	T081	C0043100
27867086	1096	1101	tibia	T023	C1279118
27867086	1102	1108	length	T081	C1444754
27867086	1109	1115	ratios	T081	C0456603
27867086	1120	1129	increased	T081	C0205217
27867086	1130	1137	myocyte	T025	C0225828
27867086	1138	1159	cross-sectional areas	T033	C0243095
27867086	1175	1187	hypertrophic	T169	C0333959
27867086	1188	1194	hearts	T023	C0018787
27867086	1204	1210	higher	T080	C0205250
27867086	1211	1217	levels	T080	C0441889
27867086	1221	1225	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
27867086	1240	1271	glutathione peroxidase activity	T044	C1151528
27867086	1286	1294	mitoKATP	T116,T192	C0764439
27867086	1295	1302	opening	T082	C1882151
27867086	1308	1317	diazoxide	T109,T121	C0012022
27867086	1318	1325	blocked	T169	C0332206
27867086	1330	1343	isoproterenol	T109,T121	C0022245
27867086	1344	1351	effects	T080	C1280500
27867086	1364	1372	reversed	T169	C1555029
27867086	1376	1394	5-hydroxydecanoate	T109,T121	C0098450
27867086	1396	1404	Isolated	T169	C0205409
27867086	1405	1417	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
27867086	1423	1436	Isoproterenol	T109,T121	C0022245
27867086	1439	1446	induced	T169	C0205263
27867086	1447	1459	hypertrophic	T169	C0333959
27867086	1460	1466	hearts	T023	C0018787
27867086	1471	1480	increased	T081	C0205217
27867086	1481	1495	susceptibility	T169	C0231204
27867086	1499	1505	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27867086	1508	1515	induced	T169	C0205263
27867086	1516	1524	swelling	T033	C0038999
27867086	1538	1580	mitochondrial permeability transition pore	T116,T123	C0908146
27867086	1581	1588	opening	T082	C1882151
27867086	1590	1598	MitokATP	T116,T192	C0764439
27867086	1599	1606	opening	T082	C1882151
27867086	1632	1638	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
27867086	1641	1648	induced	T169	C0205263
27867086	1649	1671	mitochondrial swelling	T049	C0026244
27867086	1676	1682	effect	T080	C1280500
27867086	1683	1690	blocked	T169	C0332206
27867086	1694	1712	5-hydroxydecanoate	T109,T121	C0098450
27867086	1739	1747	mitoKATP	T116,T192	C0764439
27867086	1748	1755	opening	T082	C1882151
27867086	1756	1766	negatively	T033	C0205160
27867086	1767	1776	regulates	T038	C1327622
27867086	1777	1796	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
27867086	1809	1818	oxidative	T169	C0311404
27867086	1819	1829	impairment	T169	C0221099
27867086	1834	1854	mitochondrial damage	T046	C1096176

27867331|t|The Effectiveness of a Systematic Algorithm for the Management of Vascular Injuries during the Laparoscopic Surgery
27867331|a|Currently, there is no standardized training protocol to teach surgeons how to deal with vascular injuries during laparoscopic procedures. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a standardized algorithm for managing vascular injury during laparoscopic nephrectomies. The performance of 6 surgeons was assessed during 10 laparoscopic nephrectomies in a porcine model. During the first and tenth operations, an injury was made in the renal vein without warning the surgeon. After the first procedure, the surgeons were instructed on how to proceed in dealing with the vascular injury, according to an algorithm developed by the designers of this study. The performance of each surgeon before and after learning the algorithm was assessed. After learning the algorithm there was a decreased blood loss from 327 ± 403.11 ml to 37 ± 18.92 ml (p = 0.031) and decreased operative time from 43 ± 14.53 min to 27 ± 8.27 min (p = 0.015). There was also improvement in the time to start lesion repair from 147 ± 117.65 sec to 51 ± 39.09 sec (p = 0.025). There was a trend toward improvement in the reaction time to the injury (22 ± 21.55 sec vs. 14 ± 6.39, p = 0.188), the time required to control the bleeding (50 ± 94.2 sec vs. 14 ± 6.95 sec, p = 0.141), and the total time required to completely repair of the vascular injury (178 ± 170.4 sec vs. 119 ± 183.87 sec, p = 0.302). A standardized algorithm may help to reduce the potential risks associated with laparoscopic surgery. Further studies will help to refine and determine the benefits of standardized protocols such as that developed in this study for the management of life-threatening laparoscopic complications.
27867331	4	17	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27867331	23	43	Systematic Algorithm	T170	C0002045
27867331	52	62	Management	T058	C0376636
27867331	66	83	Vascular Injuries	T037	C0178324
27867331	95	115	Laparoscopic Surgery	T061	C0751429
27867331	152	169	training protocol	T170	C0442711
27867331	173	178	teach	T065	C0039401
27867331	179	187	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27867331	205	222	vascular injuries	T037	C0178324
27867331	230	253	laparoscopic procedures	T061	C0751429
27867331	299	307	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27867331	312	325	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27867331	331	353	standardized algorithm	T170	C0002045
27867331	358	366	managing	T058	C0376636
27867331	367	382	vascular injury	T037	C0178324
27867331	390	402	laparoscopic	T061	C0751429
27867331	403	416	nephrectomies	T061	C0027695
27867331	422	433	performance	T055	C0597198
27867331	439	447	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27867331	452	460	assessed	T052	C1516048
27867331	471	483	laparoscopic	T061	C0751429
27867331	484	497	nephrectomies	T061	C0027695
27867331	503	510	porcine	T015	C0039005
27867331	511	516	model	T050	C0012644
27867331	545	555	operations	T169	C0038895
27867331	560	566	injury	T037	C3263722
27867331	583	593	renal vein	T023	C0035092
27867331	614	621	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27867331	639	648	procedure	T061	C0184661
27867331	654	662	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27867331	717	732	vascular injury	T037	C0178324
27867331	750	759	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27867331	777	786	designers	T097	C0335055
27867331	806	817	performance	T055	C0597198
27867331	826	833	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27867331	864	873	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27867331	878	886	assessed	T052	C1516048
27867331	894	902	learning	T041	C0023185
27867331	907	916	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27867331	929	938	decreased	T081	C0205216
27867331	939	949	blood loss	T033	C3163616
27867331	1004	1013	decreased	T081	C0205216
27867331	1014	1028	operative time	T079	C3494201
27867331	1094	1105	improvement	T077	C2986411
27867331	1113	1117	time	T079	C0040223
27867331	1127	1133	lesion	T033	C0221198
27867331	1134	1140	repair	T061	C0374711
27867331	1219	1230	improvement	T077	C2986411
27867331	1238	1251	reaction time	T079	C0034746
27867331	1259	1265	injury	T037	C3263722
27867331	1313	1317	time	T079	C0040223
27867331	1330	1350	control the bleeding	T061	C0149533
27867331	1411	1415	time	T079	C0040223
27867331	1439	1445	repair	T061	C0374711
27867331	1453	1468	vascular injury	T037	C0178324
27867331	1522	1544	standardized algorithm	T170	C0002045
27867331	1578	1583	risks	T078	C0035647
27867331	1600	1620	laparoscopic surgery	T061	C0751429
27867331	1676	1684	benefits	T081	C0814225
27867331	1688	1710	standardized protocols	T170	C0442711
27867331	1756	1766	management	T058	C0376636
27867331	1770	1786	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
27867331	1787	1799	laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
27867331	1800	1813	complications	T046	C0009566

27867770|t|Soymilk residue (okara) as a natural immobilization carrier for Lactobacillus plantarum cells enhances soymilk fermentation, glucosidic isoflavone bioconversion, and cell survival under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions
27867770|a|Cell immobilization is an alternative to microencapsulation for the maintenance of cells in a liquid medium. However, artificial immobilization carriers are expensive and pose a high safety risk. Okara, a food-grade byproduct from soymilk production, is rich in prebiotics. Lactobacilli could provide health enhancing effects to the host. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of okara as a natural immobilizer for L. plantarum 70810 cells. The study also aimed to evaluate the effects of okara-immobilized L. plantarum 70810 cells (IL) on soymilk fermentation, glucosidic isoflavone bioconversion, and cell resistance to simulated gastric and intestinal stresses. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to show cells adherence to the surface of okara. Lactic acid, acetic acid and isoflavone analyses in unfermented and fermented soymilk were performed by HPLC with UV detection. Viability and growth kinetics of immobilized and free L. plantarum 70810 cells (FL) were followed during soymilk fermentation. Moreover, changes in pH, titrable acidity and viscosity were measured by conventional methods. For in vitro testing of simulated gastrointestinal resistance, fermented soymilk was inoculated with FL or IL and an aliquot incubated into acidic MRS broth which was conveniently prepared to simulate gastric, pancreatic juices and bile salts. Survival to simulated gastric and intestinal stresses was evaluated by plate count of colony forming units on MRS agar. SEM revealed that the lactobacilli cells attached and bound to the surface of okara. Compared with FL, IL exhibited a significantly higher specific growth rate, shorter lag phase of growth, higher productions of lactic and acetic acids, a faster decrease in pH and increase in titrable acidity, and a higher soymilk viscosity. Similarly, IL in soymilk showed higher productions of daizein and genistein compared with the control. Compared with FL, IL showed reinforced resistance to simulatedgastric and intestinal stresses in vitro that included low pH, low pH plus pepsin, pancreatin, and bile salt. Our results indicate that okara is a new potential immobilization carrier to enhance the growth and glucosidic isoflavone bioconversion activities of L. plantarum in soymilk and improve cell survivability following simulated gastric and intestinal conditions.
27867770	0	7	Soymilk	T168	C3825658
27867770	8	15	residue	T077	C1709915
27867770	17	22	okara	T116,T123	C0960549
27867770	29	36	natural	T169	C0205296
27867770	37	59	immobilization carrier	T080	C0205556
27867770	64	87	Lactobacillus plantarum	T007	C0317608
27867770	88	93	cells	T025	C0007634
27867770	94	102	enhances	T052	C2349975
27867770	103	110	soymilk	T168	C3825658
27867770	111	123	fermentation	T044	C0015852
27867770	125	146	glucosidic isoflavone	T109,T121	C0022179
27867770	147	160	bioconversion	T169	C0439836
27867770	166	179	cell survival	T043	C0007620
27867770	186	203	simulated gastric	T080	C1704242
27867770	208	218	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27867770	219	229	conditions	T080	C0348080
27867770	230	249	Cell immobilization	T025	C0282542
27867770	256	267	alternative	T077	C1523987
27867770	271	289	microencapsulation	T061	C0025974
27867770	313	318	cells	T025	C0007634
27867770	324	330	liquid	T167	C0302908
27867770	331	337	medium	T167	C1705217
27867770	348	358	artificial	T080	C2004457
27867770	359	382	immobilization carriers	T080	C0205556
27867770	413	419	safety	T068	C0036043
27867770	420	424	risk	T078	C0035647
27867770	426	431	Okara	T116,T123	C0960549
27867770	435	445	food-grade	T168	C0016452
27867770	446	455	byproduct	T167	C0439861
27867770	461	468	soymilk	T168	C3825658
27867770	469	479	production	T057	C0033268
27867770	492	502	prebiotics	T109	C2717875
27867770	504	516	Lactobacilli	T007	C0317608
27867770	531	537	health	T078	C0018684
27867770	538	547	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27867770	548	555	effects	T080	C1280500
27867770	563	567	host	T001	C1167395
27867770	574	579	study	T062	C2603343
27867770	615	620	okara	T116,T123	C0960549
27867770	650	674	L. plantarum 70810 cells	T025	C0007634
27867770	724	741	okara-immobilized	T116,T123	C0960549
27867770	742	766	L. plantarum 70810 cells	T025	C0007634
27867770	768	770	IL	T025	C0007634
27867770	775	782	soymilk	T168	C3825658
27867770	783	795	fermentation	T044	C0015852
27867770	797	818	glucosidic isoflavone	T109,T121	C0022179
27867770	819	832	bioconversion	T169	C0439836
27867770	838	842	cell	T025	C0007634
27867770	843	853	resistance	T169	C4281815
27867770	857	874	simulated gastric	T080	C1704242
27867770	879	889	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27867770	890	898	stresses	T046	C0449430
27867770	900	928	Scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
27867770	930	933	SEM	T059	C0026020
27867770	952	957	cells	T025	C0007634
27867770	958	967	adherence	T169	C1510802
27867770	975	982	surface	T082	C0205148
27867770	986	991	okara	T116,T123	C0960549
27867770	993	1004	Lactic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0064582
27867770	1006	1017	acetic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27867770	1022	1032	isoflavone	T109,T121	C0022179
27867770	1033	1041	analyses	T062	C0936012
27867770	1061	1070	fermented	T168	C1827145
27867770	1071	1078	soymilk	T168	C3825658
27867770	1084	1093	performed	T169	C0884358
27867770	1097	1119	HPLC with UV detection	T059	C0201764
27867770	1121	1130	Viability	T080	C0443348
27867770	1154	1165	immobilized	T025	C0282542
27867770	1170	1199	free L. plantarum 70810 cells	T025	C0007634
27867770	1201	1203	FL	T025	C0007634
27867770	1226	1233	soymilk	T168	C3825658
27867770	1234	1246	fermentation	T044	C0015852
27867770	1258	1265	changes	T169	C0392747
27867770	1269	1271	pH	T034	C1304686
27867770	1273	1289	titrable acidity	T034	C0368606
27867770	1294	1303	viscosity	T070	C0042784
27867770	1309	1317	measured	T080	C0444706
27867770	1321	1341	conventional methods	T170	C0025663
27867770	1347	1355	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27867770	1356	1363	testing	T169	C0039593
27867770	1377	1393	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
27867770	1394	1404	resistance	T169	C4281815
27867770	1406	1415	fermented	T168	C1827145
27867770	1416	1423	soymilk	T168	C3825658
27867770	1428	1438	inoculated	T061	C2987620
27867770	1444	1446	FL	T025	C0007634
27867770	1450	1452	IL	T025	C0007634
27867770	1460	1467	aliquot	T081	C1510844
27867770	1468	1477	incubated	T059	C1439852
27867770	1483	1499	acidic MRS broth	T167	C1705217
27867770	1544	1551	gastric	T080	C1704242
27867770	1553	1570	pancreatic juices	T031	C0030296
27867770	1575	1585	bile salts	T109,T123	C0005404
27867770	1599	1616	simulated gastric	T080	C1704242
27867770	1621	1631	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27867770	1632	1640	stresses	T046	C0449430
27867770	1658	1693	plate count of colony forming units	T059	C0201253
27867770	1697	1705	MRS agar	T130	C1720273
27867770	1707	1710	SEM	T059	C0026020
27867770	1729	1741	lactobacilli	T007	C0317608
27867770	1742	1747	cells	T025	C0007634
27867770	1748	1756	attached	T067	C3714578
27867770	1774	1781	surface	T082	C0205148
27867770	1785	1790	okara	T116,T123	C0960549
27867770	1792	1800	Compared	T052	C1707455
27867770	1806	1808	FL	T025	C0007634
27867770	1810	1812	IL	T025	C0007634
27867770	1839	1845	higher	T080	C0205250
27867770	1846	1854	specific	T080	C0205369
27867770	1855	1866	growth rate	T079	C0449249
27867770	1868	1875	shorter	T081	C1806781
27867770	1876	1885	lag phase	T079	C0205390
27867770	1889	1895	growth	T040	C0018270
27867770	1919	1925	lactic	T109,T121,T123	C0064582
27867770	1930	1942	acetic acids	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27867770	1946	1952	faster	T080	C0456962
27867770	1953	1961	decrease	T081	C0547047
27867770	1965	1967	pH	T034	C1304686
27867770	1972	1980	increase	T169	C0442805
27867770	1984	2000	titrable acidity	T034	C0368606
27867770	2008	2014	higher	T080	C0205250
27867770	2015	2022	soymilk	T168	C3825658
27867770	2023	2032	viscosity	T070	C0042784
27867770	2045	2047	IL	T025	C0007634
27867770	2051	2058	soymilk	T168	C3825658
27867770	2088	2095	daizein	T109,T121	C0022179
27867770	2100	2109	genistein	T109,T121,T123	C0061202
27867770	2110	2118	compared	T052	C1707455
27867770	2128	2135	control	T167	C1550141
27867770	2137	2145	Compared	T052	C1707455
27867770	2151	2153	FL	T025	C0007634
27867770	2155	2157	IL	T025	C0007634
27867770	2190	2206	simulatedgastric	T080	C1704242
27867770	2211	2221	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27867770	2222	2230	stresses	T046	C0449430
27867770	2231	2239	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27867770	2254	2260	low pH	T033	C0728725
27867770	2262	2273	low pH plus	T033	C0728725
27867770	2274	2280	pepsin	T116,T126	C0014442
27867770	2282	2292	pancreatin	T116,T121,T126	C0030304
27867770	2298	2307	bile salt	T109,T123	C0005404
27867770	2313	2320	results	T169	C1274040
27867770	2335	2340	okara	T116,T123	C0960549
27867770	2360	2382	immobilization carrier	T080	C0205556
27867770	2386	2393	enhance	T052	C2349975
27867770	2398	2404	growth	T040	C0018270
27867770	2409	2430	glucosidic isoflavone	T109,T121	C0022179
27867770	2431	2444	bioconversion	T169	C0439836
27867770	2445	2455	activities	T052	C0441655
27867770	2459	2471	L. plantarum	T007	C0317608
27867770	2475	2482	soymilk	T168	C3825658
27867770	2487	2494	improve	T033	C0184511
27867770	2495	2513	cell survivability	T043	C0007620
27867770	2524	2541	simulated gastric	T080	C1704242
27867770	2546	2556	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27867770	2557	2567	conditions	T080	C0348080

27867860|t|Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients -single center early experience
27867860|a|In recent years, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become one of the most commonly used primary bariatric procedures for morbid obesity. While laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) has well documented positive clinical influence on type 2 diabetes, the role of LSG in diabetes treatment is debatable. The main aim of this study is to present our early experience in LSG as a method of bariatric treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes or abnormalities in glucose homeostasis. Prospectively collected data of patients operated for morbid obesity at the 2nd Department of Surgery. The study was designed to assess the influence of LSG on type 2 diabetes and glucose homeostasis. The primary endpoint was the diabetes type 2 remission. Secondary endpoint was the change of glucose metabolism parameters after LSG. Patients were assessed preoperatively and allocated to two groups: group 1 -with any preoperative abnormalities in glucose homeostasis (prediabetes, diabetes) and group 2 -with non-elevated fasting glucose level. During follow-up (6 months after surgery) all glucose homeostasis parameters were analyzed again. One hundred and thirty-six patients after LSG were enrolled in the study (90 females, 46 males; mean age 40.5±9.9 years). Preoperative abnormalities in glucose homeostasis were confirmed in 64 (47%) patients. Twenty (15%) patients in this group had diabetes. We observed significant reduction of body mass index (BMI) after surgery. Mean percent of EBMIL for all groups after 6 months from surgery was 59.90% (46.75-69.28%). There were no full remissions after surgery in patients with preoperative diabetes. We found significant improvement in biochemical markers of glucose homeostasis. We observed significant reduction of HbA1c % after surgery in both groups. The level of postoperative HbA1c % was related to BMI loss after surgery. LSG leads to significant improvement in biochemical glucose homeostasis and can be considered as a method of treatment in morbidly obese patients with glucose metabolism abnormalities. LSG as a method of treatment for patients with clinical type 2 diabetes still needs some further observation.
27867860	0	31	Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy	T061	C1960816
27867860	40	49	treatment	T169	C1522326
27867860	53	77	diabetes mellitus type 2	T047	C0011860
27867860	78	86	patients	T101	C0030705
27867860	136	167	laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy	T061	C1960816
27867860	169	172	LSG	T061	C1960816
27867860	223	243	bariatric procedures	T061	C2315331
27867860	248	262	morbid obesity	T047	C0028756
27867860	270	307	laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass	T061	C1504133
27867860	309	314	LRYGB	T061	C1504133
27867860	336	344	positive	T033	C1446409
27867860	345	353	clinical	T080	C0205210
27867860	354	363	influence	T077	C4054723
27867860	367	382	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27867860	396	399	LSG	T061	C1960816
27867860	403	411	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27867860	412	421	treatment	T169	C1522326
27867860	457	462	study	T062	C2603343
27867860	501	504	LSG	T061	C1960816
27867860	510	516	method	T170	C0025663
27867860	520	539	bariatric treatment	T061	C1456587
27867860	543	551	patients	T101	C0030705
27867860	557	572	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27867860	576	589	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27867860	593	612	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
27867860	614	627	Prospectively	T062	C0033522
27867860	638	642	data	T078	C1511726
27867860	646	654	patients	T101	C0030705
27867860	655	663	operated	T052	C3241922
27867860	668	682	morbid obesity	T047	C0028756
27867860	690	715	2nd Department of Surgery	T093	C0038896
27867860	721	726	study	T062	C2603343
27867860	743	749	assess	T058	C0184514
27867860	754	763	influence	T077	C4054723
27867860	767	770	LSG	T061	C1960816
27867860	774	789	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27867860	794	813	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
27867860	819	835	primary endpoint	T130	C2986535
27867860	844	869	diabetes type 2 remission	T047	C3839591
27867860	871	880	Secondary	T081	C0205436
27867860	881	889	endpoint	T080	C2349179
27867860	908	926	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27867860	927	937	parameters	T077	C0549193
27867860	944	947	LSG	T061	C1960816
27867860	949	957	Patients	T101	C0030705
27867860	963	971	assessed	T052	C1516048
27867860	972	986	preoperatively	T079	C0445204
27867860	1008	1014	groups	T078	C0441833
27867860	1016	1023	group 1	T078	C0441833
27867860	1034	1046	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27867860	1047	1060	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27867860	1064	1083	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
27867860	1085	1096	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
27867860	1098	1106	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27867860	1112	1119	group 2	T078	C0441833
27867860	1126	1160	non-elevated fasting glucose level	T034	C1261430
27867860	1169	1178	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27867860	1182	1188	months	T079	C0439231
27867860	1195	1202	surgery	T169	C0038895
27867860	1208	1227	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
27867860	1228	1238	parameters	T077	C0549193
27867860	1244	1252	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27867860	1287	1295	patients	T101	C0030705
27867860	1302	1305	LSG	T061	C1960816
27867860	1327	1332	study	T062	C2603343
27867860	1337	1344	females	T032	C0086287
27867860	1349	1354	males	T032	C0086582
27867860	1361	1364	age	T032	C0001779
27867860	1374	1379	years	T079	C0439234
27867860	1382	1394	Preoperative	T079	C0445204
27867860	1395	1408	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27867860	1412	1431	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
27867860	1459	1467	patients	T101	C0030705
27867860	1482	1490	patients	T101	C0030705
27867860	1499	1504	group	T078	C0441833
27867860	1509	1517	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27867860	1543	1552	reduction	T080	C0392756
27867860	1556	1571	body mass index	T170	C4055400
27867860	1573	1576	BMI	T170	C4055400
27867860	1584	1591	surgery	T169	C0038895
27867860	1609	1614	EBMIL	T033	C0243095
27867860	1623	1629	groups	T078	C0441833
27867860	1638	1644	months	T079	C0439231
27867860	1650	1657	surgery	T169	C0038895
27867860	1704	1714	remissions	T033	C0544452
27867860	1721	1728	surgery	T169	C0038895
27867860	1732	1740	patients	T101	C0030705
27867860	1746	1758	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27867860	1759	1767	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27867860	1805	1824	biochemical markers	T080	C0206015
27867860	1828	1847	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
27867860	1873	1882	reduction	T080	C0392756
27867860	1886	1891	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27867860	1900	1907	surgery	T169	C0038895
27867860	1916	1922	groups	T078	C0441833
27867860	1937	1950	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27867860	1951	1956	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27867860	1974	1977	BMI	T170	C4055400
27867860	1978	1982	loss	T081	C1517945
27867860	1989	1996	surgery	T169	C0038895
27867860	1998	2001	LSG	T061	C1960816
27867860	2038	2049	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27867860	2050	2069	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
27867860	2097	2103	method	T170	C0025663
27867860	2107	2116	treatment	T169	C1522326
27867860	2120	2134	morbidly obese	T047	C0028756
27867860	2135	2143	patients	T101	C0030705
27867860	2149	2167	glucose metabolism	T044	C0596620
27867860	2168	2181	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27867860	2183	2186	LSG	T061	C1960816
27867860	2192	2198	method	T170	C0025663
27867860	2202	2211	treatment	T169	C1522326
27867860	2216	2224	patients	T101	C0030705
27867860	2230	2238	clinical	T080	C0205210
27867860	2239	2254	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27867860	2280	2291	observation	T062	C0302523

27868059|t|Intramyocardial Injection of siRNAs Can Efficiently Establish Myocardial Tissue -Specific Renalase Knockdown Mouse Model
27868059|a|Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury will cause additional death of cardiomyocytes in ischaemic heart disease. Recent studies revealed that renalase was involved in the I/R injury. So, the myocardial tissue -specific knockdown mouse models were needed for the investigations of renalase. To establish the mouse models, intramyocardial injection of siRNAs targeting renalase was performed in mice. The wild distribution and high transfection efficiency of the siRNAs were approved. And the renalase expression was efficiently suppressed in myocardial tissue. Compared with the high cost, time consumption, and genetic compensation risk of the Cre / loxP technology, RNA interference (RNAi) technology is much cheaper and less time -consuming. Among the RNAi technologies, injection of siRNAs is safer than virus. And considering the properties of the I/R injury mouse models, the efficiency and durability of injection with siRNAs are acceptable for the studies. Altogether, intramyocardial injection of siRNAs targeting renalase is an economical, safe, and efficient method to establish myocardial tissue -specific renalase knockdown mouse models.
27868059	0	15	Intramyocardial	T082	C1522564
27868059	16	25	Injection	T061	C1533685
27868059	29	35	siRNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
27868059	40	51	Efficiently	T080	C0442799
27868059	62	79	Myocardial Tissue	T024	C0027061
27868059	90	98	Renalase	T028	C1538391
27868059	99	108	Knockdown	T063	C2350567
27868059	109	120	Mouse Model	T050	C2986594
27868059	121	155	Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury	T037	C0035126
27868059	178	183	death	T043	C0007587
27868059	187	201	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27868059	205	228	ischaemic heart disease	T047	C0151744
27868059	259	267	renalase	T116,T126	C3888027
27868059	288	298	I/R injury	T037	C0035126
27868059	308	325	myocardial tissue	T024	C0027061
27868059	336	345	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27868059	346	358	mouse models	T050	C2986594
27868059	379	393	investigations	T169	C1292732
27868059	397	405	renalase	T028	C1538391
27868059	424	436	mouse models	T050	C2986594
27868059	438	453	intramyocardial	T082	C1522564
27868059	454	463	injection	T061	C1533685
27868059	467	473	siRNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
27868059	474	483	targeting	T169	C1521840
27868059	484	492	renalase	T028	C1538391
27868059	510	514	mice	T015	C0025929
27868059	525	537	distribution	T078	C0520511
27868059	547	559	transfection	T063	C0040669
27868059	560	570	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27868059	578	584	siRNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
27868059	608	616	renalase	T028	C1538391
27868059	617	627	expression	T045	C0017262
27868059	632	643	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27868059	644	654	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27868059	658	675	myocardial tissue	T024	C0027061
27868059	695	704	high cost	T090	C0039425
27868059	706	722	time consumption	T079	C0443252
27868059	728	748	genetic compensation	T045	C0013057
27868059	749	753	risk	T078	C0035647
27868059	761	764	Cre	T028	C1511573
27868059	767	771	loxP	T028	C1334349
27868059	772	782	technology	T063	C0814038
27868059	784	800	RNA interference	T045	C1136031
27868059	802	806	RNAi	T045	C1136031
27868059	808	818	technology	T063	C0814038
27868059	827	834	cheaper	T169	C0013557
27868059	839	843	less	T081	C0700321
27868059	844	848	time	T079	C0040223
27868059	871	875	RNAi	T045	C1136031
27868059	876	888	technologies	T063	C0814038
27868059	890	899	injection	T061	C1533685
27868059	903	909	siRNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
27868059	913	918	safer	T068	C0036043
27868059	924	929	virus	T005	C0042776
27868059	969	979	I/R injury	T037	C0035126
27868059	980	992	mouse models	T050	C2986594
27868059	998	1008	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27868059	1013	1023	durability	T079	C0449238
27868059	1027	1036	injection	T061	C1533685
27868059	1042	1048	siRNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
27868059	1053	1063	acceptable	T080	C1879533
27868059	1093	1108	intramyocardial	T082	C1522564
27868059	1109	1118	injection	T061	C1533685
27868059	1122	1128	siRNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
27868059	1129	1138	targeting	T169	C1521840
27868059	1139	1147	renalase	T028	C1538391
27868059	1154	1164	economical	T169	C0013557
27868059	1166	1170	safe	T068	C0036043
27868059	1176	1185	efficient	T080	C0442799
27868059	1206	1223	myocardial tissue	T024	C0027061
27868059	1234	1242	renalase	T028	C1538391
27868059	1243	1252	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27868059	1253	1265	mouse models	T050	C2986594

27868316|t|Effect of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on semen quality and blood enzymes in buffalo bulls
27868316|a|The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic selenium (Se) supplementation on semen quality and blood serum profiles of buffalo bulls. Nine mature buffalo bulls were divided into three groups: control (non-supplemented); organic Se (10 mg Sel-Plex ®/head twice weekly) and inorganic Se (10 mg sodium selenite /head twice weekly). Semen was collected twice a week for 3 months during Se supplementation. Semen properties were evaluated from fresh ejaculate. Moreover, fructose concentration, aspartate and alanine transaminase (AST and ALT) activities, total protein and total cholesterol were assayed in seminal plasma. Additionally AST, ALT, testosterone and Se levels were determined in the blood serum. Results showed that Se supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) influences the semen parameters during 3 months of treatment. Organic Se significantly (P < 0.05) increased the percentage of viable sperms compared to inorganic Se and the control group. Fructose concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the seminal plasma of organic Se - treated bulls. Serum testosterone and Se concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the Se supplemented groups than the control group. In conclusion, Se supplementation improved the parameters of buffalo bull semen and more precisely, organic Se was more effective for the improvement of semen quality and some blood components than inorganic Se.
27868316	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27868316	10	17	organic	T080	C0747055
27868316	22	31	inorganic	T077	C1881215
27868316	32	40	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27868316	41	56	supplementation	T169	C2348609
27868316	60	73	semen quality	T059	C2717747
27868316	78	83	blood	T031	C0005767
27868316	84	91	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27868316	95	108	buffalo bulls	T015	C0006352
27868316	136	144	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27868316	149	155	effect	T080	C1280500
27868316	159	166	organic	T080	C0747055
27868316	171	180	inorganic	T077	C1881215
27868316	181	210	selenium (Se) supplementation	T121,T197	C0521939
27868316	214	227	semen quality	T059	C2717747
27868316	232	243	blood serum	T031	C0229671
27868316	244	252	profiles	T059	C1979963
27868316	256	269	buffalo bulls	T015	C0006352
27868316	276	282	mature	T079	C0205286
27868316	283	296	buffalo bulls	T015	C0006352
27868316	321	327	groups	T078	C0441833
27868316	329	336	control	T096	C0009932
27868316	338	354	non-supplemented	T033	C0243095
27868316	357	364	organic	T080	C0747055
27868316	365	367	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27868316	375	383	Sel-Plex	T170	C0282574
27868316	409	418	inorganic	T077	C1881215
27868316	419	421	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27868316	429	444	sodium selenite	T121,T197	C0142923
27868316	466	471	Semen	T031	C2756969
27868316	519	537	Se supplementation	T121,T197	C0521939
27868316	539	544	Semen	T031	C2756969
27868316	545	555	properties	T080	C0871161
27868316	561	570	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27868316	582	591	ejaculate	T040	C0013746
27868316	603	611	fructose	T109,T121	C0016745
27868316	612	625	concentration	T081	C1446561
27868316	627	636	aspartate	T116,T126	C0004002
27868316	641	661	alanine transaminase	T116,T126	C0001899
27868316	663	666	AST	T116,T126	C0004002
27868316	671	674	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
27868316	676	686	activities	T052	C0441655
27868316	688	701	total protein	T059	C0428542
27868316	706	723	total cholesterol	T059	C1272107
27868316	729	736	assayed	T059	C1510438
27868316	740	754	seminal plasma	T031	C0242499
27868316	769	772	AST	T116,T126	C0004002
27868316	774	777	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
27868316	779	791	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27868316	796	798	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27868316	799	805	levels	T080	C0441889
27868316	829	840	blood serum	T031	C0229671
27868316	862	880	Se supplementation	T121,T197	C0521939
27868316	921	926	semen	T031	C2756969
27868316	957	966	treatment	T061	C0087111
27868316	968	975	Organic	T080	C0747055
27868316	976	978	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27868316	1032	1038	viable	T080	C0443348
27868316	1039	1045	sperms	T025	C0037868
27868316	1058	1067	inorganic	T077	C1881215
27868316	1068	1070	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27868316	1079	1092	control group	T096	C0009932
27868316	1094	1102	Fructose	T109,T121	C0016745
27868316	1103	1116	concentration	T081	C1446561
27868316	1121	1141	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27868316	1160	1174	seminal plasma	T031	C0242499
27868316	1178	1185	organic	T080	C0747055
27868316	1186	1188	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27868316	1191	1198	treated	T169	C1522326
27868316	1199	1204	bulls	T015	C0006352
27868316	1206	1224	Serum testosterone	T033	C0857984
27868316	1229	1231	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27868316	1232	1246	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27868316	1277	1286	increased	T081	C0205217
27868316	1294	1309	Se supplemented	T121,T197	C0521939
27868316	1310	1316	groups	T078	C0441833
27868316	1326	1339	control group	T096	C0009932
27868316	1356	1374	Se supplementation	T121,T197	C0521939
27868316	1402	1414	buffalo bull	T015	C0006352
27868316	1415	1420	semen	T031	C2756969
27868316	1441	1448	organic	T080	C0747055
27868316	1449	1451	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
27868316	1461	1470	effective	T080	C1704419
27868316	1479	1490	improvement	T077	C2986411
27868316	1494	1507	semen quality	T059	C2717747
27868316	1517	1533	blood components	T031	C0450129
27868316	1539	1548	inorganic	T077	C1881215
27868316	1549	1551	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581

27869148|t|Motor noise is rich signal in autism research and pharmacological treatments
27869148|a|The human body is in constant motion, from every breath that we take, to every visibly purposeful action that we perform. Remaining completely still on command is a major achievement as involuntary fluctuations in our motions are difficult to keep under control. Here we examine the noise-to-signal ratio of micro-movements present in time-series of head motions extracted from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans in 1048 participants. These included individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and healthy-controls in shared data from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) and the Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD-200) databases. We find excess noise and randomness in the ASD cases, suggesting an uncertain motor-feedback signal. A power-law emerged describing an orderly relation between the dispersion and shape of the probability distribution functions best describing the stochastic properties under consideration with respect to intelligence quotient (IQ-scores). In ASD, deleterious patterns of noise are consistently exacerbated with the presence of secondary (comorbid) neuropsychiatric diagnoses, lower verbal and performance intelligence, and autism severity. Importantly, such patterns in ASD are present whether or not the participant takes psychotropic medication. These data unambiguously establish specific noise-to-signal levels of head micro-movements as a biologically informed core feature of ASD.
27869148	0	5	Motor	T169	C1513492
27869148	6	11	noise	T067	C0028263
27869148	20	26	signal	T067	C1710082
27869148	30	36	autism	T048	C0004352
27869148	37	45	research	T062	C0035168
27869148	50	76	pharmacological treatments	T061	C0013216
27869148	81	91	human body	T016	C0242821
27869148	107	113	motion	T070	C0026597
27869148	126	132	breath	T031	C0225386
27869148	175	181	action	T052	C3266814
27869148	263	274	involuntary	T077	C2986385
27869148	275	287	fluctuations	T169	C1868976
27869148	295	302	motions	T070	C0026597
27869148	348	355	examine	T033	C0332128
27869148	360	381	noise-to-signal ratio	T081	C2986823
27869148	385	400	micro-movements	T040	C0026649
27869148	412	423	time-series	T079	C0871939
27869148	427	439	head motions	T040	C0376591
27869148	455	468	resting-state	T033	C0679218
27869148	480	512	magnetic resonance imaging scans	T060	C0024485
27869148	521	533	participants	T098	C0679646
27869148	550	561	individuals	T098	C0237401
27869148	567	592	autism spectrum disorders	T048	C1510586
27869148	594	597	ASD	T048	C1510586
27869148	603	619	healthy-controls	T080	C2986479
27869148	630	634	data	T078	C1511726
27869148	644	678	Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange	T170	C0242356
27869148	680	685	ABIDE	T170	C0242356
27869148	695	735	Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	T170	C0242356
27869148	737	745	ADHD-200	T170	C0242356
27869148	747	756	databases	T170	C0242356
27869148	773	778	noise	T067	C0028263
27869148	783	793	randomness	T080	C0439605
27869148	801	804	ASD	T048	C1510586
27869148	836	857	motor-feedback signal	T067	C1710082
27869148	922	932	dispersion	T082	C0332624
27869148	937	942	shape	T082	C0332479
27869148	950	984	probability distribution functions	T170	C1705273
27869148	1063	1084	intelligence quotient	T032	C0456149
27869148	1086	1095	IQ-scores	T081	C0449820
27869148	1101	1104	ASD	T048	C1510586
27869148	1118	1126	patterns	T082	C0449774
27869148	1130	1135	noise	T067	C0028263
27869148	1153	1164	exacerbated	T080	C1444749
27869148	1186	1233	secondary (comorbid) neuropsychiatric diagnoses	T060	C0430022
27869148	1241	1247	verbal	T032	C0582577
27869148	1252	1276	performance intelligence	T032	C0582578
27869148	1282	1288	autism	T048	C0004352
27869148	1289	1297	severity	T080	C0439793
27869148	1317	1325	patterns	T082	C0449774
27869148	1329	1332	ASD	T048	C1510586
27869148	1364	1375	participant	T098	C0679646
27869148	1382	1405	psychotropic medication	T121	C0033978
27869148	1451	1473	noise-to-signal levels	T081	C2986823
27869148	1477	1497	head micro-movements	T040	C0376591
27869148	1541	1544	ASD	T048	C1510586

27869181|t|Functional states of rat cortical circuits during the unpredictable availability of a reward - related cue
27869181|a|Proper performance of acquired abilities can be disturbed by the unexpected occurrence of external changes. Rats trained with an operant conditioning task (to press a lever in order to obtain a food pellet) using a fixed-ratio schedule (1:1) were subsequently placed in a Skinner box in which the lever could be removed randomly. Field postsynaptic potentials (fPSPs) were chronically evoked in perforant pathway - hippocampal CA1 (PP-CA1), CA1 - subiculum (CA1 - SUB), CA1 - medial prefrontal cortex (CA1 - mPFC), mPFC - nucleus accumbens (mPFC - NAc), and mPFC - basolateral amygdala (mPFC - BLA) synapses during lever IN and lever OUT situations. While lever presses were accompanied by a significant increase in fPSP slopes at the five synapses, the unpredictable absence of the lever were accompanied by decreased fPSP slopes in all, except PP-CA1 synapses. Spectral analysis of local field potentials (LFPs) recorded when the animal approached the corresponding area in the lever OUT situation presented lower spectral powers than during lever IN occasions for all recording sites, apart from CA1. Thus, the unpredictable availability of a reward - related cue modified the activity of cortical and subcortical areas related with the acquisition of operant learning tasks, suggesting an immediate functional reorganization of these neural circuits to address the changed situation and to modify ongoing behaviors accordingly.
27869181	0	10	Functional	T169	C0205245
27869181	11	17	states	T169	C1442792
27869181	21	24	rat	T015	C0034693
27869181	25	42	cortical circuits	UnknownType	C0814033
27869181	54	67	unpredictable	T080	C0205556
27869181	68	83	availability of	T169	C0470187
27869181	86	92	reward	T041	C0035397
27869181	95	102	related	T080	C0439849
27869181	103	106	cue	T078	C0010439
27869181	114	125	performance	T052	C1882330
27869181	129	137	acquired	T080	C0439661
27869181	172	182	unexpected	T033	C3844817
27869181	183	193	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27869181	197	205	external	T082	C0205101
27869181	206	213	changes	T169	C0392747
27869181	215	219	Rats	T015	C0034693
27869181	220	227	trained	T052	C0441655
27869181	236	256	operant conditioning	T041	C0009651
27869181	257	261	task	T169	C1317878
27869181	274	279	lever	T073	C3273359
27869181	292	298	obtain	T169	C1301820
27869181	301	312	food pellet	T168	C0016452
27869181	322	342	fixed-ratio schedule	T062	C0871749
27869181	354	366	subsequently	T079	C0332282
27869181	379	390	Skinner box	T073	C0871376
27869181	404	409	lever	T073	C3273359
27869181	419	426	removed	T080	C0849355
27869181	427	435	randomly	T080	C0439605
27869181	437	466	Field postsynaptic potentials	T042	C2350339
27869181	468	473	fPSPs	T042	C2350339
27869181	480	491	chronically	T079	C0205191
27869181	492	498	evoked	T080	C1444748
27869181	502	519	perforant pathway	T023	C0524810
27869181	522	537	hippocampal CA1	T029	C0694598
27869181	539	545	PP-CA1	T029	C0694598
27869181	548	551	CA1	T029	C0694598
27869181	554	563	subiculum	T023	C0152316
27869181	565	568	CA1	T029	C0694598
27869181	571	574	SUB	T023	C0152316
27869181	577	580	CA1	T029	C0694598
27869181	583	607	medial prefrontal cortex	T023	C3498368
27869181	609	612	CA1	T029	C0694598
27869181	615	619	mPFC	T023	C3498368
27869181	622	626	mPFC	T023	C3498368
27869181	629	646	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
27869181	648	652	mPFC	T023	C3498368
27869181	655	658	NAc	T023	C0028633
27869181	665	669	mPFC	T023	C3498368
27869181	672	692	basolateral amygdala	T023	C2336173
27869181	694	698	mPFC	T023	C3498368
27869181	701	704	BLA	T023	C2336173
27869181	706	714	synapses	T030	C0039062
27869181	722	727	lever	T073	C3273359
27869181	735	740	lever	T073	C3273359
27869181	763	776	lever presses	T073	C3273359
27869181	799	810	significant	T078	C0750502
27869181	811	819	increase	T169	C0442805
27869181	823	834	fPSP slopes	T042	C2350339
27869181	847	855	synapses	T030	C0039062
27869181	861	874	unpredictable	T080	C0205556
27869181	875	882	absence	T169	C0332197
27869181	890	895	lever	T073	C3273359
27869181	916	925	decreased	T081	C0205216
27869181	926	937	fPSP slopes	T042	C2350339
27869181	953	959	PP-CA1	T029	C0694598
27869181	960	968	synapses	T030	C0039062
27869181	970	987	Spectral analysis	T059	C0037812
27869181	991	1013	local field potentials	T042	C2350339
27869181	1015	1019	LFPs	T042	C2350339
27869181	1039	1045	animal	T008	C0003062
27869181	1075	1079	area	T082	C0205146
27869181	1087	1092	lever	T073	C3273359
27869181	1107	1116	presented	T078	C0449450
27869181	1117	1138	lower spectral powers	T033	C0243095
27869181	1151	1156	lever	T073	C3273359
27869181	1188	1193	sites	T082	C0205145
27869181	1206	1209	CA1	T029	C0694598
27869181	1221	1234	unpredictable	T080	C0205556
27869181	1235	1250	availability of	T169	C0470187
27869181	1253	1259	reward	T041	C0035397
27869181	1262	1269	related	T080	C0439849
27869181	1270	1273	cue	T078	C0010439
27869181	1274	1282	modified	T169	C0392747
27869181	1287	1295	activity	T052	C0441655
27869181	1299	1307	cortical	T023	C0007776
27869181	1312	1329	subcortical areas	T029	C0815275
27869181	1330	1337	related	T080	C0439849
27869181	1347	1358	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27869181	1362	1378	operant learning	T041	C0009651
27869181	1379	1384	tasks	T169	C1317878
27869181	1400	1409	immediate	T079	C0205253
27869181	1410	1420	functional	T169	C0205245
27869181	1421	1435	reorganization	T078	C0680829
27869181	1445	1460	neural circuits	UnknownType	C0814033
27869181	1476	1493	changed situation	T081	C0443172
27869181	1501	1507	modify	T169	C0392747
27869181	1508	1515	ongoing	T078	C0549178
27869181	1516	1525	behaviors	T053	C0004927

27869664|t|Anti-Melanogenic Activity of Gagunin D, a Highly Oxygenated Diterpenoid from the Marine Sponge Phorbas sp ., via Modulating Tyrosinase Expression and Degradation
27869664|a|Tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme critical for melanin synthesis and controls pigmentation in the skin. The inhibition of tyrosinase is currently the most common approach for the development of skin-whitening cosmetics. Gagunin D (GD), a highly oxygenated diterpenoid isolated from the marine sponge Phorbas sp ., has exhibited cytotoxicity toward human leukemia cells. However, the effect of GD on normal cells and the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we identified for the first time the anti-melanogenic activity of GD and its precise underlying mechanisms in mouse melan-a cells. GD significantly inhibited melanin synthesis in the melan-a cells and a reconstructed human skin model. Further analysis revealed that GD suppressed the expression of tyrosinase and increased the rate of tyrosinase degradation. GD also inhibited tyrosinase enzymatic activity. In addition, GD effectively suppressed the expression of proteins associated with melanosome transfer. These findings suggest that GD is a potential candidate for cosmetic formulations due to its multi-functional properties.
27869664	0	25	Anti-Melanogenic Activity	T044	C1326723
27869664	29	38	Gagunin D	T121	C1254351
27869664	42	71	Highly Oxygenated Diterpenoid	T109	C0012780
27869664	81	105	Marine Sponge Phorbas sp	T204	C1473585
27869664	124	134	Tyrosinase	T116,T126	C4048300
27869664	135	145	Expression	T045	C2755857
27869664	150	161	Degradation	T044	C1623036
27869664	162	200	Tyrosinase is the rate-limiting enzyme	T116,T126	C4048300
27869664	214	231	melanin synthesis	T044	C1157720
27869664	245	269	pigmentation in the skin	T033	C1269684
27869664	275	299	inhibition of tyrosinase	T040	C2248397
27869664	361	385	skin-whitening cosmetics	T073	C0010164
27869664	387	396	Gagunin D	T121	C1254351
27869664	398	400	GD	T121	C1254351
27869664	405	434	highly oxygenated diterpenoid	T109	C0012780
27869664	435	443	isolated	T169	C0205409
27869664	453	477	marine sponge Phorbas sp	T204	C1473585
27869664	495	507	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27869664	515	520	human	T016	C0086418
27869664	521	535	leukemia cells	T025	C1517806
27869664	560	562	GD	T121	C1254351
27869664	566	578	normal cells	T025	C1268443
27869664	587	596	molecular	T080	C1521991
27869664	597	607	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27869664	692	717	anti-melanogenic activity	T044	C1326723
27869664	721	723	GD	T121	C1254351
27869664	751	761	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27869664	765	770	mouse	T015	C0025929
27869664	771	784	melan-a cells	T025	C0025201
27869664	786	788	GD	T121	C1254351
27869664	803	830	inhibited melanin synthesis	T044	C1326723
27869664	838	851	melan-a cells	T025	C0025201
27869664	858	888	reconstructed human skin model	T061	C3697760
27869664	921	923	GD	T121	C1254351
27869664	924	963	suppressed the expression of tyrosinase	T045	C2755857
27869664	968	977	increased	T081	C0205217
27869664	982	1012	rate of tyrosinase degradation	T044	C1623036
27869664	1014	1016	GD	T121	C1254351
27869664	1022	1061	inhibited tyrosinase enzymatic activity	T040	C2248397
27869664	1076	1078	GD	T121	C1254351
27869664	1091	1128	suppressed the expression of proteins	T045	C2755857
27869664	1145	1164	melanosome transfer	T043	C1819316
27869664	1194	1196	GD	T121	C1254351
27869664	1226	1247	cosmetic formulations	T077	C1705957
27869664	1259	1286	multi-functional properties	T169	C0205245

27869761|t|Effect of Fusarium -Derived Metabolites on the Barrier Integrity of Differentiated Intestinal Porcine Epithelial Cells (IPEC-J2)
27869761|a|The human, animal and plant pathogen Fusarium, which contaminates agricultural commodities worldwide, produces numerous secondary metabolites. An example is the thoroughly-investigated deoxynivalenol (DON), which severely impairs gastrointestinal barrier integrity. However, to date, the toxicological profile of other Fusarium -derived metabolites, such as enniatins, beauvericin, moniliformin, apicidin, aurofusarin, rubrofusarin, equisetin and bikaverin, are poorly characterized. Thus we examined their effects-as metabolites alone and as metabolites in combination with DON -on the intestinal barrier function of differentiated intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) over 72 h. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured at 24-h intervals, followed by evaluation of cell viability using neutral red (NR) assay. Enniatins A, A1, B and B1, apicidin, aurofusarin and beauvericin significantly reduced TEER. Moniliformin, equisetin, bikaverin and rubrofusarin had no effect on TEER. In the case of apicidin, aurofusarin and beauvericin, TEER reductions were further substantiated by the addition of otherwise no-effect DON concentrations. In all cases, viability was unaffected, confirming that TEER reductions were not due to compromised viability. Considering the prevalence of mycotoxin contamination and the diseases associated with intestinal barrier disruption, consumption of contaminated food or feed may have substantial health implications.
27869761	10	18	Fusarium	T004	C0016871
27869761	28	39	Metabolites	T123	C0870883
27869761	47	64	Barrier Integrity	T080	C1947912
27869761	83	93	Intestinal	T023	C0021853
27869761	94	101	Porcine	T015	C0039005
27869761	102	118	Epithelial Cells	T025	C0014597
27869761	120	127	IPEC-J2	T025	C0014597
27869761	133	138	human	T016	C0086418
27869761	140	146	animal	T008	C0003062
27869761	151	156	plant	T002	C0032098
27869761	157	174	pathogen Fusarium	T004	C0016871
27869761	182	194	contaminates	T169	C0205279
27869761	195	219	agricultural commodities	T002	C0242775
27869761	249	270	secondary metabolites	T123	C0870883
27869761	314	328	deoxynivalenol	T109,T131	C0057445
27869761	330	333	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27869761	351	358	impairs	T169	C1883709
27869761	359	375	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
27869761	376	393	barrier integrity	T080	C1947912
27869761	417	438	toxicological profile	T059	C0852616
27869761	448	456	Fusarium	T004	C0016871
27869761	466	477	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27869761	487	496	enniatins	T116,T195	C0059362
27869761	498	509	beauvericin	T116,T195	C0053065
27869761	511	523	moniliformin	T109,T131	C0066713
27869761	525	533	apicidin	T109,T121	C0531691
27869761	535	546	aurofusarin	T109	C0661658
27869761	548	560	rubrofusarin	T109,T121	C0084424
27869761	562	571	equisetin	T109,T121	C0059495
27869761	576	585	bikaverin	T109	C0053576
27869761	647	658	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27869761	672	683	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27869761	704	707	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27869761	716	743	intestinal barrier function	T074	C3688176
27869761	762	772	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27869761	773	780	porcine	T015	C0039005
27869761	781	797	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27869761	799	806	IPEC-J2	T025	C0014597
27869761	819	834	Transepithelial	T043	C2753390
27869761	835	856	electrical resistance	T070	C0162535
27869761	858	862	TEER	T070	C0162535
27869761	922	936	cell viability	T043	C1516362
27869761	943	965	neutral red (NR) assay	T059	C1293998
27869761	967	978	Enniatins A	T116,T195	C0116182
27869761	980	982	A1	T116,T195	C0059362
27869761	984	985	B	T116,T195	C0116183
27869761	990	992	B1	T116,T195	C0059362
27869761	994	1002	apicidin	T109,T121	C0531691
27869761	1004	1015	aurofusarin	T109	C0661658
27869761	1020	1031	beauvericin	T116,T195	C0053065
27869761	1054	1058	TEER	T070	C0162535
27869761	1060	1072	Moniliformin	T109,T131	C0066713
27869761	1074	1083	equisetin	T109,T121	C0059495
27869761	1085	1094	bikaverin	T109	C0053576
27869761	1099	1111	rubrofusarin	T109,T121	C0084424
27869761	1129	1133	TEER	T070	C0162535
27869761	1150	1158	apicidin	T109,T121	C0531691
27869761	1160	1171	aurofusarin	T109	C0661658
27869761	1176	1187	beauvericin	T116,T195	C0053065
27869761	1189	1193	TEER	T070	C0162535
27869761	1271	1274	DON	T109,T131	C0057445
27869761	1305	1314	viability	T043	C1516362
27869761	1347	1351	TEER	T070	C0162535
27869761	1352	1362	reductions	T080	C0392756
27869761	1391	1400	viability	T043	C1516362
27869761	1432	1441	mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
27869761	1442	1455	contamination	T078	C2349974
27869761	1464	1472	diseases	T047	C0012634
27869761	1489	1507	intestinal barrier	T074	C3688176
27869761	1508	1518	disruption	T169	C0332453
27869761	1520	1560	consumption of contaminated food or feed	T033	C0559583
27869761	1570	1601	substantial health implications	T033	C0243095

27870908|t|N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide as a Biomarker for Loss of Muscle Mass in Prevalent Hemodialysis Patients
27870908|a|Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A recent study demonstrated that a high level of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) may be associated with PEW in those patients. This prospective study aimed to assess the association of NT-proBNP with body composition and muscle loss. A cohort of prevalent HD patients (n = 238) was examined. Blood samples were obtained at baseline to measure high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin and NT-proBNP. Nutritional status and changes in muscle mass were assessed by subjective global assessment, percentage creatinine generation rate (%CGR), creatinine index (CI) and lean body mass (LBM) estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The %CGR and CI were calculated five times for one year, and DXA was performed at baseline and one year later. Cardiac function was estimated by ultrasonography at baseline. NT-proBNP was significantly higher in HD patients with PEW. High NT-proBNP was associated with cardiac dysfunction, increased levels of hsCRP and IL-6, and serially decreased levels of the indexes for muscle mass. Multiple regression analysis adjusted with confounders showed that NT-proBNP was an independent predictor for decrease in LBM and serial lower levels of %CGR and CI. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated a novel association between NT-proBNP and muscle loss. NT-proBNP may be an independent biomarker for malnutrition in HD patients, especially in patients with muscles loss, regardless of chronic inflammation, cardiac dysfunction, or overhydration.
27870908	0	41	N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide	T116,T123	C0754710
27870908	47	56	Biomarker	T201	C0005516
27870908	61	80	Loss of Muscle Mass	T046	C0026846
27870908	84	93	Prevalent	T081	C0220900
27870908	94	106	Hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27870908	107	115	Patients	T101	C0030705
27870908	116	138	Protein-energy wasting	T047	C0012634
27870908	140	143	PEW	T047	C0012634
27870908	158	170	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
27870908	172	174	HD	T061	C0019004
27870908	176	184	patients	T101	C0030705
27870908	195	200	study	T062	C2603343
27870908	221	225	high	T080	C0205250
27870908	226	231	level	T080	C0441889
27870908	235	276	N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide	T116,T123	C0754710
27870908	278	287	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27870908	296	311	associated with	T080	C0332281
27870908	312	315	PEW	T047	C0012634
27870908	325	333	patients	T101	C0030705
27870908	340	357	prospective study	T062	C1709709
27870908	367	373	assess	T058	C0184514
27870908	378	389	association	T080	C0439849
27870908	393	402	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27870908	408	424	body composition	T032	C0005885
27870908	429	440	muscle loss	T046	C0026846
27870908	444	450	cohort	T098	C0599755
27870908	454	463	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27870908	464	466	HD	T061	C0019004
27870908	467	475	patients	T101	C0030705
27870908	500	513	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
27870908	531	539	baseline	T081	C1442488
27870908	543	550	measure	T081	C0079809
27870908	551	584	high-sensitive C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
27870908	586	591	hsCRP	T116,T129	C0006560
27870908	594	607	interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27870908	609	613	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27870908	616	627	adiponectin	T116,T123	C0389071
27870908	632	641	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27870908	643	661	Nutritional status	T033	C0392209
27870908	666	673	changes	T169	C0392747
27870908	677	688	muscle mass	T033	C0240417
27870908	694	702	assessed	T052	C1516048
27870908	706	734	subjective global assessment	T170	C0451514
27870908	808	822	lean body mass	T201	C0424678
27870908	824	827	LBM	T201	C0424678
27870908	842	874	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
27870908	876	879	DXA	T060	C1510486
27870908	903	913	calculated	T052	C1441506
27870908	933	937	year	T079	C0439234
27870908	943	946	DXA	T060	C1510486
27870908	964	972	baseline	T081	C1442488
27870908	981	985	year	T079	C0439234
27870908	986	991	later	T079	C0205087
27870908	993	1009	Cardiac function	T042	C0232164
27870908	1027	1042	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
27870908	1046	1054	baseline	T081	C1442488
27870908	1056	1065	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27870908	1084	1090	higher	T080	C0205250
27870908	1094	1096	HD	T061	C0019004
27870908	1097	1105	patients	T101	C0030705
27870908	1111	1114	PEW	T047	C0012634
27870908	1116	1120	High	T080	C0205250
27870908	1121	1130	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27870908	1135	1150	associated with	T080	C0332281
27870908	1151	1170	cardiac dysfunction	T033	C3277906
27870908	1172	1197	increased levels of hsCRP	T033	C1963867
27870908	1202	1206	IL-6	T033	C0877589
27870908	1221	1230	decreased	T081	C0205216
27870908	1231	1237	levels	T080	C0441889
27870908	1245	1252	indexes	T170	C0600653
27870908	1257	1268	muscle mass	T033	C0240417
27870908	1270	1298	Multiple regression analysis	T080	C0681923
27870908	1313	1324	confounders	T169	C0009673
27870908	1337	1346	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27870908	1354	1365	independent	T078	C0085862
27870908	1366	1375	predictor	T078	C2698872
27870908	1380	1388	decrease	T081	C0547047
27870908	1392	1395	LBM	T201	C0424678
27870908	1407	1412	lower	T080	C0205251
27870908	1413	1419	levels	T080	C0441889
27870908	1463	1468	study	T062	C2603343
27870908	1484	1489	novel	T080	C0205314
27870908	1490	1501	association	T080	C0439849
27870908	1510	1519	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27870908	1524	1535	muscle loss	T046	C0026846
27870908	1537	1546	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
27870908	1557	1568	independent	T078	C0085862
27870908	1569	1578	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27870908	1583	1595	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
27870908	1599	1601	HD	T061	C0019004
27870908	1602	1610	patients	T101	C0030705
27870908	1626	1634	patients	T101	C0030705
27870908	1640	1652	muscles loss	T046	C0026846
27870908	1668	1688	chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
27870908	1690	1709	cardiac dysfunction	T033	C3277906
27870908	1714	1727	overhydration	T046	C0392689

27871172|t|LIN-23, an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Component, Is Required for the Repression of CDC-25.2 Activity during Intestinal Development in Caenorhabditis elegans
27871172|a|Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) utilizes two different cell-cycle modes, binucleations during the L1 larval stage and endoreduplications at four larval moltings, for its postembryonic intestinal development. Previous genetic studies indicated that CDC-25.2 is specifically required for binucleations at the L1 larval stage and is repressed before endoreduplications. Furthermore, LIN-23, the C. elegans β-TrCP ortholog, appears to function as a repressor of CDC-25.2 to prevent excess intestinal divisions. We previously reported that intestinal hyperplasia in lin-23 (e1883) mutants was effectively suppressed by the RNAi depletion of cdc-25.2. Nevertheless, LIN-23 targeting CDC-25.2 for ubiquitination as a component of E3 ubiquitin ligase has not yet been tested. In this study, LIN-23 is shown to be the major E3 ubiquitin ligase component, recognizing CDC-25.2 to repress their activities for proper transition of cell-cycle modes during the C. elegans postembryonic intestinal development. In addition, for the first time that LIN-23 physically interacts with both CDC-25.1 and CDC-25.2 and facilitates ubiquitination for timely regulation of their activities during the intestinal development.
27871172	0	6	LIN-23	T116,T123	C1257560
27871172	11	40	E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Component	T116,T126	C0077678
27871172	62	72	Repression	T045	C0014438
27871172	76	84	CDC-25.2	T116,T126	C0246769
27871172	85	93	Activity	T044	C0243102
27871172	101	123	Intestinal Development	T042	C1656559
27871172	127	149	Caenorhabditis elegans	T204	C0162610
27871172	150	172	Caenorhabditis elegans	T204	C0162610
27871172	174	184	C. elegans	T204	C0162610
27871172	209	225	cell-cycle modes	T043	C0007586
27871172	227	240	binucleations	T043	C0007613
27871172	252	267	L1 larval stage	T043	C0007591
27871172	272	290	endoreduplications	T049	C0333688
27871172	299	314	larval moltings	T040	C1818619
27871172	324	360	postembryonic intestinal development	T040	C1657226
27871172	371	386	genetic studies	T062	C2827447
27871172	402	410	CDC-25.2	T116,T126	C0246769
27871172	440	453	binucleations	T043	C0007613
27871172	461	476	L1 larval stage	T043	C0007591
27871172	484	493	repressed	T045	C0014438
27871172	501	519	endoreduplications	T049	C0333688
27871172	534	540	LIN-23	T116,T123	C1257560
27871172	546	556	C. elegans	T204	C0162610
27871172	557	563	β-TrCP	T116,T123	C0218349
27871172	564	572	ortholog	T080	C1709346
27871172	599	608	repressor	T116,T123	C0035147
27871172	612	620	CDC-25.2	T116,T126	C0246769
27871172	639	649	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27871172	650	659	divisions	T043	C0007590
27871172	689	699	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27871172	700	711	hyperplasia	T046	C0020507
27871172	715	721	lin-23	T116,T123	C1257560
27871172	723	728	e1883	T116	C1564139
27871172	730	737	mutants	T116	C1564139
27871172	754	764	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27871172	772	776	RNAi	T045	C1136031
27871172	777	786	depletion	T045	C3548265
27871172	790	798	cdc-25.2	T116,T126	C0246769
27871172	814	820	LIN-23	T116,T123	C1257560
27871172	831	839	CDC-25.2	T116,T126	C0246769
27871172	844	858	ubiquitination	T044	C1519751
27871172	864	873	component	T116,T126	C0014442
27871172	877	896	E3 ubiquitin ligase	T116,T126	C0077678
27871172	937	943	LIN-23	T116,T123	C1257560
27871172	969	998	E3 ubiquitin ligase component	T116,T126	C0077678
27871172	1012	1020	CDC-25.2	T116,T126	C0246769
27871172	1024	1031	repress	T045	C0014438
27871172	1060	1070	transition	T043	C3544383
27871172	1074	1090	cell-cycle modes	T043	C0007586
27871172	1102	1112	C. elegans	T204	C0162610
27871172	1113	1149	postembryonic intestinal development	T040	C1657226
27871172	1188	1194	LIN-23	T116,T123	C1257560
27871172	1226	1234	CDC-25.1	T116,T126	C0246769
27871172	1239	1247	CDC-25.2	T116,T126	C0246769
27871172	1264	1278	ubiquitination	T044	C1519751
27871172	1290	1300	regulation	T038	C1327622
27871172	1332	1354	intestinal development	T042	C1656559

27871298|t|Socioeconomic variation in incidence of primary and secondary major cardiovascular disease events: an Australian population-based prospective cohort study
27871298|a|Cardiovascular disease (CVD) disproportionately affects disadvantaged people, but reliable quantitative evidence on socioeconomic variation in CVD incidence in Australia is lacking. This study aimed to quantify socioeconomic variation in rates of primary and secondary CVD events in mid- age and older Australians. Baseline data (2006-2009) from the 45 and Up Study, an Australian cohort involving 267,153 men and women aged ≥ 45, were linked to hospital and death data (to December 2013). Outcomes comprised first event - death or hospital admission - for major CVD combined, as well as myocardial infarction and stroke, in those with and without prior CVD (secondary and primary events, respectively). Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for each outcome in relation to education (and income and area-level disadvantage), separately by age group (45-64, 65-79, and ≥ 80 years), adjusting for age and sex, and additional sociodemographic factors. There were 18,207 primary major CVD events over 1,144,845 years of follow-up (15.9/1000 person-years), and 20,048 secondary events over 260,357 years (77.0/1000 person-years). For both primary and secondary events, incidence increased with decreasing education, with the absolute difference between education groups largest for secondary events. Age - sex adjusted hazard ratios were highest in the 45-64 years group: for major CVD s, HR (no qualifications vs university degree) = 1.62 (95% CI: 1.49-1.77) for primary events, and HR = 1.49 (1.34-1.65) for secondary events; myocardial infarction HR = 2.31 (1.87-2.85) and HR = 2.57 (1.90-3.47) respectively; stroke HR = 1.48 (1.16-1.87) and HR = 1.97 (1.42-2.74) respectively. Similar but attenuated results were seen in older age groups, and with income. For area-level disadvantage, CVD gradients were weak and non-significant in older people (> 64 years). Individual-level data are important for quantifying socioeconomic variation in CVD incidence, which is shown to be substantial among both those with and without prior CVD. Findings reinforce the opportunity for, and importance of, primary and secondary prevention and treatment in reducing socioeconomic variation in CVD and consequently the overall burden of CVD morbidity and mortality in Australia.
27871298	0	23	Socioeconomic variation	T033	C0682194
27871298	27	36	incidence	T081	C0021149
27871298	40	47	primary	T047	C0033141
27871298	52	61	secondary	T047	C0036529
27871298	62	67	major	T080	C0205164
27871298	68	90	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27871298	91	97	events	T051	C0441471
27871298	102	112	Australian	T098	C0238711
27871298	113	129	population-based	T062	C1709599
27871298	130	154	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
27871298	155	177	Cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
27871298	179	182	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	184	202	disproportionately	T080	C0205350
27871298	211	224	disadvantaged	T098	C0012613
27871298	225	231	people	T098	C0027361
27871298	237	245	reliable	T170	C3858758
27871298	246	258	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27871298	259	267	evidence	T078	C3887511
27871298	271	294	socioeconomic variation	T033	C0682194
27871298	298	301	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	302	311	incidence	T081	C0021149
27871298	315	324	Australia	T083	C0004340
27871298	342	347	study	T062	C2603343
27871298	357	365	quantify	T081	C1709793
27871298	366	389	socioeconomic variation	T033	C0682194
27871298	393	398	rates	T081	C1521828
27871298	402	409	primary	T047	C0033141
27871298	414	427	secondary CVD	T047	C0036529
27871298	428	434	events	T051	C0441471
27871298	443	446	age	T032	C0001779
27871298	451	456	older	T098	C0001792
27871298	457	468	Australians	T098	C0238711
27871298	470	478	Baseline	T081	C1442488
27871298	479	483	data	T078	C1511726
27871298	515	520	Study	T062	C2603343
27871298	525	535	Australian	T098	C0238711
27871298	536	542	cohort	T098	C0599755
27871298	561	564	men	T098	C0025266
27871298	569	574	women	T098	C0043210
27871298	575	579	aged	T032	C0001779
27871298	601	609	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27871298	614	619	death	T040	C0011065
27871298	620	624	data	T078	C1511726
27871298	645	653	Outcomes	T057	C0085565
27871298	670	675	event	T051	C0441471
27871298	678	683	death	T040	C0011065
27871298	687	705	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
27871298	712	717	major	T080	C0205164
27871298	718	721	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	722	730	combined	T080	C0205195
27871298	743	764	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27871298	769	775	stroke	T047	C0038454
27871298	803	808	prior	T079	C0332152
27871298	809	812	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	814	823	secondary	T047	C0036529
27871298	828	835	primary	T047	C0033141
27871298	836	842	events	T051	C0441471
27871298	859	873	Cox regression	T062	C0242481
27871298	884	897	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27871298	899	902	HRs	T081	C2985465
27871298	913	920	outcome	T057	C0085565
27871298	936	945	education	T065	C0013621
27871298	951	957	income	T081	C0021162
27871298	962	972	area-level	T081	C1708236
27871298	973	985	disadvantage	T185	C2985113
27871298	988	998	separately	T080	C0443299
27871298	1002	1011	age group	T100	C0027362
27871298	1058	1061	age	T032	C0001779
27871298	1066	1069	sex	T032	C0079399
27871298	1086	1102	sociodemographic	T078	C0011292
27871298	1103	1110	factors	T169	C1521761
27871298	1130	1137	primary	T047	C0033141
27871298	1138	1143	major	T080	C0205164
27871298	1144	1147	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	1148	1154	events	T051	C0441471
27871298	1179	1188	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27871298	1226	1235	secondary	T047	C0036529
27871298	1236	1242	events	T051	C0441471
27871298	1297	1304	primary	T047	C0033141
27871298	1309	1318	secondary	T047	C0036529
27871298	1319	1325	events	T051	C0441471
27871298	1327	1336	incidence	T081	C0021149
27871298	1337	1346	increased	T081	C0205217
27871298	1352	1362	decreasing	T081	C0205216
27871298	1363	1372	education	T065	C0013621
27871298	1383	1391	absolute	T080	C0205344
27871298	1392	1402	difference	T081	C1705241
27871298	1411	1420	education	T065	C0013621
27871298	1421	1427	groups	T078	C0441833
27871298	1440	1449	secondary	T047	C0036529
27871298	1450	1456	events	T051	C0441471
27871298	1458	1461	Age	T032	C0001779
27871298	1464	1467	sex	T032	C0079399
27871298	1477	1490	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27871298	1523	1528	group	T078	C0441833
27871298	1534	1539	major	T080	C0205164
27871298	1540	1543	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	1547	1549	HR	T081	C2985465
27871298	1551	1568	no qualifications	UnknownType	C0524325
27871298	1572	1589	university degree	T170	C0542560
27871298	1603	1605	CI	T081	C0009667
27871298	1622	1629	primary	T047	C0033141
27871298	1630	1636	events	T051	C0441471
27871298	1642	1644	HR	T081	C2985465
27871298	1668	1677	secondary	T047	C0036529
27871298	1678	1684	events	T051	C0441471
27871298	1686	1707	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27871298	1708	1710	HR	T081	C2985465
27871298	1734	1736	HR	T081	C2985465
27871298	1770	1776	stroke	T047	C0038454
27871298	1777	1779	HR	T081	C2985465
27871298	1803	1805	HR	T081	C2985465
27871298	1839	1846	Similar	T080	C2348205
27871298	1851	1861	attenuated	T080	C0332161
27871298	1862	1869	results	T034	C0456984
27871298	1883	1888	older	T098	C0001792
27871298	1889	1899	age groups	T100	C0027362
27871298	1910	1916	income	T081	C0021162
27871298	1922	1932	area-level	T081	C1708236
27871298	1933	1945	disadvantage	T185	C2985113
27871298	1947	1950	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	1951	1960	gradients	T081	C0812409
27871298	1966	1970	weak	T080	C1762617
27871298	1975	1990	non-significant	T080	C0205556
27871298	1994	1999	older	T098	C0001792
27871298	2000	2006	people	T098	C0027361
27871298	2021	2042	Individual-level data	UnknownType	C0814855
27871298	2047	2056	important	T080	C3898777
27871298	2061	2072	quantifying	T081	C1709793
27871298	2073	2096	socioeconomic variation	T033	C0682194
27871298	2100	2103	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	2104	2113	incidence	T081	C0021149
27871298	2182	2187	prior	T079	C0332152
27871298	2188	2191	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	2193	2201	Findings	T033	C0243095
27871298	2216	2227	opportunity	T062	C0683937
27871298	2237	2247	importance	T080	C0205556
27871298	2252	2259	primary	T061	C0033144
27871298	2264	2284	secondary prevention	T061	C0679699
27871298	2289	2298	treatment	T061	C0087111
27871298	2302	2310	reducing	T080	C0392756
27871298	2311	2334	socioeconomic variation	T033	C0682194
27871298	2338	2341	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	2346	2358	consequently	T033	C3845876
27871298	2363	2370	overall	T080	C1561607
27871298	2371	2377	burden	T078	C2828008
27871298	2381	2384	CVD	T047	C0007222
27871298	2385	2394	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27871298	2399	2408	mortality	T081	C0178686
27871298	2412	2421	Australia	T083	C0004340

27871510|t|Anticholinergic premedication to prevent bradycardia in combined spinal anesthesia and dexmedetomidine sedation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
27871510|a|When dexmedetomidine is used in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia, high incidence of bradycardia in response to parasympathetic activation is reported. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of atropine premedication for preventing the incidence of bradycardia and the hemodynamic effect on patients undergoing spinal anesthesia with sedation by dexmedetomidine. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Operating room. One hundred fourteen patients (age range, 2-65 years; American Society of Anesthesiology class I-II) participated in this study, willing to be sedated and to undergo spinal anesthesia. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group A and group C. After performing spinal anesthesia, dexmedetomidine was infused at a loading dose of 0.6 μg/kg for 10 minutes, followed by an infusion at 0.25 μg/(kg h). Simultaneously with the loading dose of dexmedetomidine, patients in group A received an intravenous bolus of 0.5 mg atropine, whereas patients in group C received an intravenous normal saline bolus. Data on administration of atropine and ephedrine were collected. Hemodynamic data including heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean blood pressure (MBP) were also recorded. The incidence of bradycardia requiring atropine treatment was significantly higher in group C than group A (P=.035). However, the incidence of hypotension needing ephedrine treatment showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (P=.7). Systolic blood pressure and heart rate showed no significant differences between the 2 groups (P=.138 and .464, respectively). However, group A showed significant increases in DBP and MBP, and group C did not (P=.014 and .008, respectively). Prophylactic atropine reduces the incidence of bradycardia in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia with dexmedetomidine sedation. However, DBP and MBP showed significant increases in patients when prophylactic atropine was administrated. Therefore, atropine premedication should be administered cautiously.
27871510	0	15	Anticholinergic	T121	C0242896
27871510	16	29	premedication	T061	C0033045
27871510	41	52	bradycardia	T046	C0428977
27871510	65	82	spinal anesthesia	T061	C0002928
27871510	87	102	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	103	111	sedation	T061	C0344106
27871510	115	125	randomized	T062,T170	C0206034
27871510	127	139	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27871510	141	165	placebo-controlled study	T062,T170	C0599724
27871510	171	186	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	198	206	patients	T101	C0030705
27871510	218	235	spinal anesthesia	T061	C0002928
27871510	242	251	incidence	T169	C0220856
27871510	255	266	bradycardia	T046	C0428977
27871510	282	297	parasympathetic	T022	C0030510
27871510	298	308	activation	T052	C1879547
27871510	358	371	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27871510	375	383	atropine	T109,T121	C0004259
27871510	384	397	premedication	T061	C0033045
27871510	402	412	preventing	T169	C1292733
27871510	417	426	incidence	T169	C0220856
27871510	430	441	bradycardia	T046	C0428977
27871510	450	468	hemodynamic effect	T042	C0019010
27871510	472	480	patients	T101	C0030705
27871510	492	509	spinal anesthesia	T061	C0002928
27871510	515	523	sedation	T061	C0344106
27871510	527	542	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	544	554	Randomized	T062,T170	C0206034
27871510	556	568	double-blind	T062	C0013072
27871510	570	594	placebo-controlled study	T062,T170	C0599724
27871510	596	610	Operating room	T073,T093	C0029064
27871510	633	641	patients	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	659	664	years	T079	C1510829
27871510	666	711	American Society of Anesthesiology class I-II	T094	C0037459
27871510	734	739	study	T062	C2603343
27871510	778	795	spinal anesthesia	T061	C0002928
27871510	801	809	patients	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	830	836	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	838	845	group A	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	850	857	group C	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	876	893	spinal anesthesia	T061	C0002928
27871510	895	910	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	915	922	infused	T061	C0574032
27871510	928	940	loading dose	UnknownType	C0678767
27871510	961	968	minutes	T079	C0439232
27871510	985	993	infusion	T061	C0574032
27871510	1037	1049	loading dose	UnknownType	C0678767
27871510	1053	1068	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	1070	1078	patients	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	1082	1089	group A	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	1102	1119	intravenous bolus	T169	C1522229
27871510	1130	1138	atropine	T109,T121	C0004259
27871510	1148	1156	patients	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	1160	1167	group C	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	1180	1205	intravenous normal saline	T061	C2064712
27871510	1206	1211	bolus	T061	C1511237
27871510	1213	1217	Data	T078	C1511726
27871510	1221	1235	administration	T061	C1533734
27871510	1239	1247	atropine	T109,T121	C0004259
27871510	1252	1261	ephedrine	T109,T121	C0014479
27871510	1278	1289	Hemodynamic	T059	C4281788
27871510	1290	1294	data	T078	C1511726
27871510	1305	1315	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27871510	1317	1340	systolic blood pressure	T201	C0871470
27871510	1342	1366	diastolic blood pressure	T201	C0428883
27871510	1368	1371	DBP	T201	C0428883
27871510	1378	1397	mean blood pressure	T033	C0428886
27871510	1399	1402	MBP	T033	C0428886
27871510	1428	1437	incidence	T169	C0220856
27871510	1441	1452	bradycardia	T046	C0428977
27871510	1463	1471	atropine	T109,T121	C0004259
27871510	1472	1481	treatment	T061	C0087111
27871510	1486	1506	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27871510	1510	1517	group C	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	1523	1530	group A	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	1554	1563	incidence	T169	C0220856
27871510	1567	1578	hypotension	T033	C0020649
27871510	1587	1596	ephedrine	T109,T121	C0014479
27871510	1597	1606	treatment	T061	C0087111
27871510	1614	1639	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
27871510	1654	1660	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	1669	1692	Systolic blood pressure	T201	C0871470
27871510	1697	1707	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27871510	1715	1741	no significant differences	T033	C3842396
27871510	1756	1762	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	1805	1812	group A	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	1832	1841	increases	T081	C0205217
27871510	1845	1848	DBP	T201	C0428883
27871510	1853	1856	MBP	T033	C0428886
27871510	1862	1869	group C	UnknownType	C0681860
27871510	1911	1923	Prophylactic	T061	C0199176
27871510	1924	1932	atropine	T109,T121	C0004259
27871510	1945	1954	incidence	T169	C0220856
27871510	1958	1969	bradycardia	T046	C0428977
27871510	1973	1981	patients	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	1993	2010	spinal anesthesia	T061	C0002928
27871510	2016	2031	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	2032	2040	sedation	T061	C0344106
27871510	2051	2054	DBP	T201	C0428883
27871510	2059	2062	MBP	T033	C0428886
27871510	2082	2091	increases	T081	C0205217
27871510	2095	2103	patients	T109,T121	C0113293
27871510	2109	2121	prophylactic	T061	C0199176
27871510	2122	2130	atropine	T109,T121	C0004259
27871510	2135	2148	administrated	T061	C1533734
27871510	2161	2169	atropine	T109,T121	C0004259
27871510	2170	2183	premedication	T061	C0033045
27871510	2194	2206	administered	T061	C1533734

27871542|t|Severe respiratory depression and bradycardia before induction of anesthesia and onset of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
27871542|a|A 69- year -old woman undergoing treatment for hypertension and epilepsy was scheduled to undergo cataract surgery. All preoperative examination results were within normal limits. Despite being tense, she walked to the operating room. Approximately 2 minutes after an intravenous line was established by an anesthesia resident, severe hypoxia and bradycardia developed, and she lost consciousness. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated immediately, and after 1 minute, she regained consciousness, and her breathing and circulation recovered. After admission to the intensive care unit, emergency coronary angiography was performed. The blood flow in all the coronary arteries was normal. However, a decrease in the apical left ventricular wall motion and an increase in the basal wall motion were observed. Based on these findings, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was diagnosed. The wall motion gradually improved and the patient was discharged from the hospital on postoperative day 15. The respiratory depression and bradycardia were thought to be due to an inadvertent bolus of remifentanil. We surmised that the patient had received a slight amount of retained medication when the anesthesia resident established the intravenous line, which caused severe respiratory depression. It is important to note that adverse effects such as severe respiratory depression and bradycardia can be caused by even small doses of remifentanil.
27871542	0	6	Severe	T080	C0205082
27871542	7	29	respiratory depression	T046	C0235063
27871542	34	45	bradycardia	T046	C0428977
27871542	53	62	induction	T169	C0205263
27871542	66	76	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
27871542	90	114	Takotsubo cardiomyopathy	T047	C1739395
27871542	121	150	cardiopulmonary resuscitation	T061	C0007203
27871542	157	161	year	T079	C0439234
27871542	167	172	woman	T098	C0043210
27871542	184	193	treatment	T061	C0087111
27871542	198	210	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27871542	215	223	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27871542	249	265	cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
27871542	271	283	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27871542	284	329	examination results were within normal limits	T033	C0560217
27871542	345	350	tense	T048	C0233494
27871542	370	384	operating room	T073,T093	C0029064
27871542	402	409	minutes	T079	C0439232
27871542	419	435	intravenous line	T061	C0021440
27871542	458	468	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
27871542	469	477	resident	T097	C1320928
27871542	479	485	severe	T080	C0205082
27871542	486	493	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27871542	498	509	bradycardia	T046	C0428977
27871542	529	547	lost consciousness	T033	C0041657
27871542	549	578	Cardiopulmonary resuscitation	T061	C0007203
27871542	618	624	minute	T079	C0439232
27871542	639	652	consciousness	T033	C0234422
27871542	662	671	breathing	T039	C0035203
27871542	676	687	circulation	T039	C0005775
27871542	688	697	recovered	T080	C0521108
27871542	705	714	admission	T058	C0030673
27871542	722	741	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27871542	753	773	coronary angiography	T060	C0085532
27871542	793	803	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27871542	815	832	coronary arteries	T023	C0205042
27871542	856	864	decrease	T081	C0547047
27871542	872	878	apical	T082	C0205111
27871542	879	907	left ventricular wall motion	T034	C0455816
27871542	915	923	increase	T169	C0442805
27871542	931	936	basal	T082	C0205112
27871542	937	948	wall motion	T034	C0455816
27871542	979	987	findings	T033	C0243095
27871542	989	1013	Takotsubo cardiomyopathy	T047	C1739395
27871542	1018	1027	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27871542	1033	1044	wall motion	T034	C0455816
27871542	1072	1079	patient	T101	C0030705
27871542	1084	1094	discharged	T058	C0030685
27871542	1104	1112	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27871542	1116	1129	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27871542	1130	1133	day	T079	C0439228
27871542	1142	1164	respiratory depression	T046	C0235063
27871542	1169	1180	bradycardia	T046	C0428977
27871542	1222	1227	bolus	T081	C1705509
27871542	1231	1243	remifentanil	T109,T121	C0246631
27871542	1266	1273	patient	T101	C0030705
27871542	1315	1325	medication	T058	C2081612
27871542	1335	1345	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
27871542	1346	1354	resident	T097	C1320928
27871542	1371	1387	intravenous line	T061	C0021440
27871542	1402	1408	severe	T080	C0205082
27871542	1409	1431	respiratory depression	T046	C0235063
27871542	1462	1477	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27871542	1486	1492	severe	T080	C0205082
27871542	1493	1515	respiratory depression	T046	C0235063
27871542	1520	1531	bradycardia	T046	C0428977
27871542	1554	1559	small	T081	C0700321
27871542	1560	1565	doses	T081	C0178602
27871542	1569	1581	remifentanil	T109,T121	C0246631

27871600|t|Comparison of a new visual stylet (Discopo)-guided laryngeal mask airway placement vs conventional blind technique: a prospective randomized study
27871600|a|To compare the ease of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion and fiberoptic view of LMA after placement using the Discopo visual stylet-guided insertion and conventional blind technique. Prospective, randomized controlled study. Operating room in a university hospital. One hundred adult patients scheduled for elective surgery under LMA general anesthesia were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups: GLMA group using a visual stylet-guided technique (n=50) and BLMA group using standard blind technique (n=50). Correct placement of the LMA was confirmed using clinical test along with fiberoptic assessment. Unblinded data were collected about the insertion time, the first attempt success rate, the LMA position adjustment rate, fiberoptic view of LMA anatomical position, hemodynamic responses, and the adverse insertion responses (bucking, breathholding, and laryngospasm). Blinded data were recorded about postoperative airway morbidity (visible blood staining on LMA at removal, sore throat, and hoarseness). Insertion was more frequently successful at the first attempt in GLMA than that in BLMA group (100% vs 92%; P=.041). The time taken for establishing effective airway was shorter in GLMA than that in BLMA (54.8 vs 62.9 seconds; P=.001). The patients in BLMA group required more readjustment and reinsertion than those in GLMA group (38% vs 0%; P=.000). The fiberoptic view was significantly better in GLMA group (P<.001). No difference between the 2 groups existed regarding hemodynamic stress responses, incidences of adverse insertion responses, and postoperative airway morbidity. By direct visualizing the whole process of LMA insertion, the Discopo visual stylet increases the success rate and accuracy rate of LMA placement without increasing hemodynamic stress response or incidences of adverse events.
27871600	20	50	visual stylet (Discopo)-guided	T061	C0543467
27871600	51	82	laryngeal mask airway placement	T061	C0396618
27871600	86	114	conventional blind technique	T061	C0442775
27871600	130	140	randomized	T062	C0034656
27871600	170	207	laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion	T061	C0396618
27871600	212	227	fiberoptic view	T082	C0449911
27871600	231	234	LMA	T074	C0162645
27871600	241	250	placement	T080	C1524072
27871600	261	299	Discopo visual stylet-guided insertion	T061	C0543467
27871600	304	332	conventional blind technique	T061	C0442775
27871600	347	357	randomized	T062	C0034656
27871600	358	374	controlled study	T062	C0681867
27871600	376	390	Operating room	T073,T093	C0029064
27871600	396	415	university hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
27871600	429	434	adult	T100	C0001675
27871600	435	443	patients	T101	C0030705
27871600	458	474	elective surgery	T061	C0206058
27871600	481	484	LMA	T074	C0162645
27871600	485	503	general anesthesia	T061	C0002915
27871600	519	527	Patients	T101	C0030705
27871600	533	541	randomly	T062	C0034656
27871600	557	563	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	565	575	GLMA group	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	584	614	visual stylet-guided technique	T061	C0543467
27871600	626	636	BLMA group	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	652	667	blind technique	T061	C0442775
27871600	684	693	placement	T080	C1524072
27871600	701	704	LMA	T074	C0162645
27871600	725	738	clinical test	T201	C3173977
27871600	750	760	fiberoptic	T073	C1708050
27871600	761	771	assessment	T058	C0220825
27871600	773	787	Unblinded data	T078	C1511726
27871600	813	822	insertion	T061	C0021107
27871600	847	859	success rate	T081	C1521828
27871600	865	868	LMA	T074	C0162645
27871600	869	877	position	T082	C1550045
27871600	895	910	fiberoptic view	T082	C0449911
27871600	914	917	LMA	T074	C0162645
27871600	918	937	anatomical position	T029	C0277809
27871600	939	960	hemodynamic responses	T042	C4042806
27871600	970	977	adverse	T169	C0001688
27871600	978	987	insertion	T061	C0021107
27871600	988	997	responses	T032	C0871261
27871600	999	1006	bucking	T037	C0852885
27871600	1008	1021	breathholding	T033	C0235744
27871600	1027	1039	laryngospasm	T037	C0920061
27871600	1042	1054	Blinded data	T078	C1511726
27871600	1075	1088	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27871600	1089	1105	airway morbidity	T047	C1301933
27871600	1115	1129	blood staining	T031	C0005835
27871600	1133	1136	LMA	T074	C0162645
27871600	1149	1160	sore throat	T184	C0242429
27871600	1166	1176	hoarseness	T184	C0019825
27871600	1179	1188	Insertion	T061	C0021107
27871600	1244	1248	GLMA	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	1262	1272	BLMA group	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	1360	1364	GLMA	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	1378	1382	BLMA	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	1419	1427	patients	T101	C0030705
27871600	1431	1441	BLMA group	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	1473	1484	reinsertion	T061	C0021107
27871600	1499	1509	GLMA group	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	1535	1550	fiberoptic view	T082	C0449911
27871600	1579	1589	GLMA group	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	1628	1634	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27871600	1653	1681	hemodynamic stress responses	T039	C0149784
27871600	1683	1693	incidences	T081	C0021149
27871600	1697	1704	adverse	T169	C0001688
27871600	1705	1714	insertion	T061	C0021107
27871600	1730	1743	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27871600	1744	1760	airway morbidity	T047	C1301933
27871600	1805	1808	LMA	T074	C0162645
27871600	1809	1818	insertion	T061	C0021107
27871600	1824	1845	Discopo visual stylet	T061	C0543467
27871600	1860	1872	success rate	T081	C1521828
27871600	1877	1890	accuracy rate	T080	C0443131
27871600	1894	1897	LMA	T074	C0162645
27871600	1898	1907	placement	T080	C1524072
27871600	1927	1954	hemodynamic stress response	T039	C0149784
27871600	1958	1968	incidences	T081	C0021149
27871600	1972	1986	adverse events	T046	C0877248

27871881|t|Targeting brain and peripheral plasticity of the lipidome in acute kainic acid - induced epileptic seizures in mice via quantitative mass spectrometry
27871881|a|Epilepsy is a highly common chronic neurological disorder, manifested in many different types, affecting ~1% of the worldwide human population. The molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis have not yet been clarified, and pharmacoresistance exhibited by 30-40% of epilepsy patients remains a major obstacle in medical care. Growing evidence indicates a role of lipid signalling pathways in epileptogenesis, thus lipid signals emerge as potential biomarkers for the onset and evolving course of the epileptic disorder, as well as potential therapeutic agents and targets. For this purpose, we applied a lipidomic strategy to unravel lipid alterations in brain regions, periphery tissues and plasma that are specific for acute epileptic seizures in mice at 1h after seizure induction by systemic kainic acid injection as compared to vehicle controls. Specifically, levels of (i) selected phospholipids and sphingomyelins, (ii) the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), and the endocannabinoid -related compounds oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), (iii) arachidonic acid (AA), (iv) selected eicosanoids, and (v) fatty acyl content of lipidome were determined in pulverized tissues from six brain regions of kainic acid induced epileptic seizure models and vehicle controls: hypothalamus, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, cerebellum and cerebral cortex, and from peripheral organs, such as heart and lungs, and in plasma. Alterations in lipid levels after acute epileptic seizures as compared to non-seizure controls were found to be brain region - and periphery tissue - specific, including specific plasma lipid correlates, highlighting their value as marker candidates in translational research studies, and/or drug discovery and response monitoring.
27871881	0	9	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27871881	10	15	brain	T023	C0006104
27871881	20	41	peripheral plasticity	T042	C0027880
27871881	49	57	lipidome	T109	C0023779
27871881	61	66	acute	T079	C0205178
27871881	67	78	kainic acid	T109,T121	C0022471
27871881	81	88	induced	T169	C0205263
27871881	89	107	epileptic seizures	T047	C0014544
27871881	111	115	mice	T015	C0025929
27871881	120	150	quantitative mass spectrometry	T059	C3525763
27871881	151	159	Epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27871881	179	208	chronic neurological disorder	T047	C1290882
27871881	210	220	manifested	T169	C0205319
27871881	239	244	types	T080	C0332307
27871881	277	282	human	T016	C0086418
27871881	283	293	population	T098	C1257890
27871881	299	319	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1148560
27871881	323	338	epileptogenesis	T047	C0014544
27871881	372	390	pharmacoresistance	T047	C2712961
27871881	414	422	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27871881	423	431	patients	T101	C0030705
27871881	460	467	medical	T169	C0205476
27871881	468	472	care	T058	C0086388
27871881	482	490	evidence	T078	C3887511
27871881	511	516	lipid	T109	C0023779
27871881	517	536	signalling pathways	T044	C0037080
27871881	540	555	epileptogenesis	T047	C0014544
27871881	562	567	lipid	T109	C0023779
27871881	568	575	signals	T044	C0037080
27871881	586	595	potential	T080	C3245505
27871881	596	606	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27871881	648	666	epileptic disorder	T047	C0014544
27871881	679	688	potential	T080	C3245505
27871881	689	707	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
27871881	712	719	targets	T169	C1521840
27871881	752	761	lipidomic	T109	C0023779
27871881	762	770	strategy	T062	C0035171
27871881	782	787	lipid	T109	C0023779
27871881	803	816	brain regions	T029	C1273723
27871881	818	835	periphery tissues	T024	C0040300
27871881	840	846	plasma	T031	C0032105
27871881	856	864	specific	T080	C0205369
27871881	869	874	acute	T079	C0205178
27871881	875	893	epileptic seizures	T047	C0014544
27871881	897	901	mice	T015	C0025929
27871881	914	921	seizure	T047	C0014544
27871881	922	931	induction	T169	C0205263
27871881	935	943	systemic	T062	C3494163
27871881	944	955	kainic acid	T109,T121	C0022471
27871881	956	965	injection	T062	C3494163
27871881	969	977	compared	T052	C1707455
27871881	981	997	vehicle controls	T096	C0009932
27871881	1013	1019	levels	T080	C0441889
27871881	1036	1049	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27871881	1054	1068	sphingomyelins	T109,T123	C0037906
27871881	1079	1095	endocannabinoids	T109,T123	C1172779
27871881	1096	1106	anandamide	T109,T123	C0211726
27871881	1108	1111	AEA	T109,T123	C0211726
27871881	1117	1140	2-arachidonoyl glycerol	T109,T121	C0299477
27871881	1142	1146	2-AG	T109,T121	C0299477
27871881	1157	1172	endocannabinoid	T109,T123	C1172779
27871881	1182	1191	compounds	T103	C1706082
27871881	1192	1210	oleoylethanolamide	T109	C1454896
27871881	1212	1215	OEA	T109	C1454896
27871881	1221	1242	palmitoylethanolamide	T109,T121	C0069964
27871881	1244	1247	PEA	T109,T121	C0069964
27871881	1256	1272	arachidonic acid	T109	C0003695
27871881	1274	1276	AA	T109	C0003695
27871881	1293	1304	eicosanoids	T109	C0013725
27871881	1314	1324	fatty acyl	T123	C0574031
27871881	1336	1344	lipidome	T109	C0023779
27871881	1364	1374	pulverized	T062	C3494163
27871881	1375	1382	tissues	T023	C0459385
27871881	1392	1405	brain regions	T029	C1273723
27871881	1409	1420	kainic acid	T109,T121	C0022471
27871881	1421	1428	induced	T169	C0205263
27871881	1429	1446	epileptic seizure	T047	C0014544
27871881	1447	1453	models	T075	C0026336
27871881	1458	1474	vehicle controls	T096	C0009932
27871881	1476	1488	hypothalamus	T023	C0020663
27871881	1490	1501	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27871881	1503	1511	thalamus	T023	C0039729
27871881	1513	1521	striatum	T023	C0010097
27871881	1523	1533	cerebellum	T023	C0007765
27871881	1538	1553	cerebral cortex	T023	C0007776
27871881	1564	1574	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27871881	1575	1581	organs	T023	C0178784
27871881	1591	1596	heart	T023	C0018787
27871881	1601	1606	lungs	T023	C0024109
27871881	1615	1621	plasma	T031	C0032105
27871881	1638	1643	lipid	T109	C0023779
27871881	1657	1662	acute	T079	C0205178
27871881	1663	1681	epileptic seizures	T047	C0014544
27871881	1685	1693	compared	T052	C1707455
27871881	1697	1717	non-seizure controls	T096	C0009932
27871881	1735	1747	brain region	T029	C1273723
27871881	1754	1770	periphery tissue	T024	C0040300
27871881	1773	1781	specific	T080	C0205369
27871881	1793	1801	specific	T080	C0205369
27871881	1802	1808	plasma	T031	C0032105
27871881	1809	1814	lipid	T109	C0023779
27871881	1855	1872	marker candidates	T201	C0005516
27871881	1890	1906	research studies	T062	C0681814
27871881	1915	1929	drug discovery	T062	C0920472
27871881	1934	1953	response monitoring	T058	C0085421

27871906|t|Adenosine, but not guanosine, protects vaginal epithelial cells from Trichomonas vaginalis cytotoxicity
27871906|a|Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. The cytoadherence and cytotoxicity upon the vaginal epithelial cells are crucial for the infection. Extracellular nucleotides are released during cell damage and, along with their nucleosides, can activate purinoceptors. The opposing effects of nucleotides versus nucleosides are regulated by ectonucleotidases. Herein we evaluated the hemolysis and cytolysis induced by T. vaginalis, as well as the extracellular nucleotide hydrolysis along with the effects mediated by nucleotides and nucleosides on cytotoxicity. In addition, the gene expression of purinoceptors in host cells was determined. The hemolysis and cytolysis exerted by all T. vaginalis isolates presented positive Pearson correlation. All T. vaginalis isolates were able to hydrolyze nucleotides, showing higher NTPDase than ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity. The most cytotoxic isolate, TV-LACM6, hydrolyzes ATP, GTP with more efficiency than AMP and GMP. The vaginal epithelial cell line (HMVII) expressed the genes for all subtypes of P1, P2X and P2Y receptors. Finally, when nucleotides and nucleosides were tested, the cytotoxic effect elicited by TV-LACM6 was increased with nucleotides. In contrast, the cytotoxicity was reversed by adenosine in presence of EHNA, but not by guanosine, contributing to the understanding of the purinergic signaling role on T. vaginalis cytotoxicity.
27871906	0	9	Adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27871906	19	28	guanosine	T114,T121	C0018330
27871906	39	63	vaginal epithelial cells	T025	C1987256
27871906	69	90	Trichomonas vaginalis	T204	C0040922
27871906	91	103	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27871906	104	125	Trichomonas vaginalis	T204	C0040922
27871906	149	187	non-viral sexually transmitted disease	T047	C0036916
27871906	203	216	cytoadherence	T043	C0007613
27871906	221	233	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27871906	243	267	vaginal epithelial cells	T025	C1987256
27871906	288	297	infection	T046	C3714514
27871906	313	324	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
27871906	345	356	cell damage	T049	C0599732
27871906	379	390	nucleosides	T114	C0028621
27871906	405	418	purinoceptors	T116,T192	C0034836
27871906	424	440	opposing effects	T080	C0205556
27871906	444	455	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
27871906	463	474	nucleosides	T114	C0028621
27871906	492	509	ectonucleotidases	T116,T126	C0377293
27871906	535	544	hemolysis	T046	C0019054
27871906	549	558	cytolysis	T043	C1536403
27871906	570	582	T. vaginalis	T204	C0040922
27871906	613	623	nucleotide	T114	C0028630
27871906	624	634	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27871906	670	681	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
27871906	686	697	nucleosides	T114	C0028621
27871906	701	713	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27871906	732	747	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27871906	751	764	purinoceptors	T116,T192	C0034836
27871906	768	778	host cells	T026	C1819995
27871906	799	808	hemolysis	T046	C0019054
27871906	813	822	cytolysis	T043	C1536403
27871906	838	850	T. vaginalis	T204	C0040922
27871906	870	898	positive Pearson correlation	T081	C0871052
27871906	904	916	T. vaginalis	T204	C0040922
27871906	939	948	hydrolyze	T070	C0020291
27871906	949	960	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
27871906	977	984	NTPDase	T044	C1323427
27871906	990	1019	ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity	T044	C1149918
27871906	1030	1047	cytotoxic isolate	T169	C1511636
27871906	1049	1057	TV-LACM6	T204	C0040922
27871906	1059	1073	hydrolyzes ATP	T044	C1510699
27871906	1075	1078	GTP	T114	C0018353
27871906	1105	1108	AMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001465
27871906	1113	1116	GMP	T114,T123	C0018346
27871906	1122	1150	vaginal epithelial cell line	T025	C1987256
27871906	1152	1157	HMVII	T025	C1987256
27871906	1159	1178	expressed the genes	T045	C0017262
27871906	1187	1195	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27871906	1199	1201	P1	T116,T192	C0001471
27871906	1203	1206	P2X	T044	C3156874
27871906	1211	1224	P2Y receptors	T116,T192	C0390418
27871906	1240	1251	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
27871906	1256	1267	nucleosides	T114	C0028621
27871906	1285	1301	cytotoxic effect	T049	C0596402
27871906	1314	1322	TV-LACM6	T204	C0040922
27871906	1342	1353	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
27871906	1372	1384	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27871906	1401	1410	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
27871906	1426	1430	EHNA	T114,T121	C0050173
27871906	1443	1452	guanosine	T114,T121	C0018330
27871906	1495	1520	purinergic signaling role	T044	C3158762
27871906	1524	1536	T. vaginalis	T204	C0040922
27871906	1537	1549	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402

27871915|t|Inhibition of siglec-1 by lentivirus mediated small interfering RNA attenuates atherogenesis in apoE - deficient mice
27871915|a|Siglec-1 is highly expressed on circulating monocytes and plaque macrophages in atherosclerotic patients, but the exact role of Siglec-1 in atherosclerosis has not been elucidated. Lentiviral vector containing small interfering RNA targeting Siglec-1 (Lv-shSiglec-1) or control vector (Lv-shNC) were injected intravenously into 6- week old Apoe(-/-) mice. Then onset of atherosclerosis was observed. Siglec-1 was highly expressed in aortic plaques and it can be down-regulated by Lv-shSiglec-1 injection. The plaque area and serum pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17A) levels in Lv-shSiglec-1 mice were significantly lower than Lv-shNC mice, whereas IL-10 was higher. Moreover, plaque macrophages accumulation in aortic wall in Lv-shSiglec-1 mice was diminish, partly by decreased secretion of MCP-1 / CXCL2 and CCR2 / CXCR2 of aortas and monocytes, respectively. Furthermore, silencing of Siglec-1 can attenuate oxLDL uptake by peritoneal macrophages. Inhibition of Siglec-1 can prevent atherosclerotic lesion formation by suppress monocytes - endothelial cells adhesion and macrophages accumulation.
27871915	0	10	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27871915	14	22	siglec-1	T028	C1420266
27871915	26	36	lentivirus	T005	C0079679
27871915	46	67	small interfering RNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27871915	68	78	attenuates	T052	C0599946
27871915	79	92	atherogenesis	T046	C1563937
27871915	96	100	apoE	T028	C1412481
27871915	103	117	deficient mice	T015	C0206745
27871915	118	126	Siglec-1	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
27871915	137	146	expressed	T045	C1171362
27871915	150	161	circulating	T169	C0175630
27871915	162	171	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27871915	176	182	plaque	T033	C0332461
27871915	183	194	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27871915	198	213	atherosclerotic	T047	C0004153
27871915	214	222	patients	T101	C0030705
27871915	246	254	Siglec-1	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
27871915	258	273	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27871915	299	316	Lentiviral vector	T121	C1520007
27871915	328	349	small interfering RNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27871915	360	368	Siglec-1	T028	C1420266
27871915	370	383	Lv-shSiglec-1	T121	C1520007
27871915	388	402	control vector	T121	C1520007
27871915	404	411	Lv-shNC	T121	C1520007
27871915	427	440	intravenously	T082	C0013125
27871915	449	453	week	T079	C0439230
27871915	458	467	Apoe(-/-)	T028	C1412481
27871915	468	472	mice	T015	C0206745
27871915	488	503	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
27871915	518	526	Siglec-1	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
27871915	538	547	expressed	T045	C1171362
27871915	551	557	aortic	T023	C0003483
27871915	558	565	plaques	T033	C0332461
27871915	580	594	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27871915	598	611	Lv-shSiglec-1	T121	C1520007
27871915	612	621	injection	T122	C1272883
27871915	627	633	plaque	T033	C0332461
27871915	634	638	area	T082	C0205146
27871915	643	648	serum	T031	C0229671
27871915	649	674	pro-inflammatory cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27871915	676	681	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27871915	683	687	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
27871915	689	694	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27871915	699	705	IL-17A	T116,T192	C1705947
27871915	717	730	Lv-shSiglec-1	T121	C1520007
27871915	731	735	mice	T015	C0025929
27871915	741	760	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27871915	766	773	Lv-shNC	T121	C1520007
27871915	774	778	mice	T015	C0025929
27871915	788	793	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27871915	816	822	plaque	T033	C0332461
27871915	823	834	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27871915	835	847	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27871915	851	862	aortic wall	T023	C0507851
27871915	866	879	Lv-shSiglec-1	T121	C1520007
27871915	880	884	mice	T015	C0025929
27871915	889	897	diminish	T081	C0205216
27871915	909	918	decreased	T081	C0205216
27871915	919	928	secretion	T038	C0036536
27871915	932	937	MCP-1	T116,T129	C0128897
27871915	940	945	CXCL2	T116	C0912510
27871915	950	954	CCR2	T116,T192	C1670098
27871915	957	962	CXCR2	T116,T129,T192	C0527994
27871915	966	972	aortas	T023	C0003483
27871915	977	986	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27871915	1015	1024	silencing	T045	C0598496
27871915	1028	1036	Siglec-1	T028	C1420266
27871915	1041	1050	attenuate	T052	C0599946
27871915	1051	1056	oxLDL	T116,T123	C0348035
27871915	1057	1063	uptake	T039	C0243144
27871915	1067	1077	peritoneal	T029	C0442034
27871915	1078	1089	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27871915	1091	1101	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27871915	1105	1113	Siglec-1	T028	C1420266
27871915	1118	1125	prevent	T080	C2700409
27871915	1126	1141	atherosclerotic	T169	C0333482
27871915	1142	1148	lesion	T033	C0221198
27871915	1149	1158	formation	T169	C1522492
27871915	1162	1170	suppress	T169	C1260953
27871915	1171	1180	monocytes	T025	C0026473
27871915	1183	1200	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27871915	1201	1209	adhesion	T043	C0007577
27871915	1214	1225	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27871915	1226	1238	accumulation	T033	C4055506

27872234|t|Downregulation of Endothelial Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 4 Channel and Small-Conductance of Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels Underpins Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization in Hypertension
27872234|a|Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH)-mediated responses are impaired in hypertension, but the underlying mechanisms have not yet been determined. The activation of small- and intermediate-conductance of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SKCa and IKCa) underpins EDH -mediated responses. It was recently reported that Ca(2+) influx through endothelial transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 channel (TRPV4) is a prerequisite for the activation of SKCa / IKCa in endothelial cells in specific beds. Here, we attempted to determine whether the impairment of EDH in hypertension is attributable to the dysfunction of TRPV4 and S / IKCa, using isolated superior mesenteric arteries of 20-week-old stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In the WKY arteries, EDH -mediated responses were reduced by a combination of SKCa / IKCa blockers (apamin plus TRAM-34; 1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethl]-1H-pyrazole) and by the blockade of TRPV4 with the selective antagonist RN-1734 or HC-067047. In the SHRSP arteries, EDH-mediated hyperpolarization and relaxation were significantly impaired when compared with WKY. GSK1016790A, a selective TRPV4 activator, evoked robust hyperpolarization and relaxation in WKY arteries. In contrast, in SHRSP arteries, the GSK1016790A -evoked hyperpolarization was small and relaxation was absent. Hyperpolarization and relaxation to cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine, a selective SKCa activator, were marginally decreased in SHRSP arteries compared with WKY arteries. The expression of endothelial TRPV4 and SKCa protein was significantly decreased in the SHRSP mesenteric arteries compared with those of WKY, whereas function and expression of IKCa were preserved in SHRSP arteries. These findings suggest that EDH -mediated responses are impaired in superior mesenteric arteries of SHRSP because of a reduction in both TRPV4 and SKCa input to EDH.
27872234	0	14	Downregulation	T044	C0013081
27872234	18	83	Endothelial Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 4 Channel	T116,T123	C1563722
27872234	88	135	Small-Conductance of Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels	T116,T123	C1571638
27872234	146	154	Impaired	T169	C0221099
27872234	155	194	Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization	T123	C0082428
27872234	198	210	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27872234	211	250	Endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization	T123	C0082428
27872234	252	255	EDH	T123	C0082428
27872234	266	275	responses	T033	C1704632
27872234	280	288	impaired	T169	C0221099
27872234	292	304	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27872234	325	335	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27872234	370	380	activation	T052	C1879547
27872234	384	390	small-	T116,T123	C1571638
27872234	395	453	intermediate-conductance of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels	T116,T123	C1571649
27872234	455	459	SKCa	T116,T123	C1571638
27872234	464	468	IKCa	T116,T123	C1571649
27872234	480	483	EDH	T123	C0082428
27872234	494	503	responses	T033	C1704632
27872234	521	529	reported	T170	C0684224
27872234	535	548	Ca(2+) influx	T043	C3158761
27872234	557	622	endothelial transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 channel	T116,T123	C1563722
27872234	624	629	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1563722
27872234	636	648	prerequisite	T078	C0679209
27872234	657	667	activation	T052	C1879547
27872234	671	675	SKCa	T116,T123	C1571638
27872234	678	682	IKCa	T116,T123	C1571649
27872234	686	703	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27872234	731	740	attempted	T051	C1516084
27872234	766	776	impairment	T169	C0221099
27872234	780	783	EDH	T123	C0082428
27872234	787	799	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27872234	823	834	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27872234	838	843	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1563722
27872234	848	849	S	T116,T123	C1571638
27872234	852	856	IKCa	T116,T123	C1571649
27872234	873	901	superior mesenteric arteries	T023	C0162861
27872234	917	961	stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats	T015	C0034705
27872234	963	968	SHRSP	T015	C0034705
27872234	986	1009	Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats	T015	C0034709
27872234	1018	1021	WKY	T015	C0034709
27872234	1022	1030	arteries	T023	C0003842
27872234	1032	1035	EDH	T123	C0082428
27872234	1046	1055	responses	T033	C1704632
27872234	1061	1068	reduced	T080	C0392756
27872234	1074	1085	combination	T080	C0205195
27872234	1089	1093	SKCa	T116,T123	C1571638
27872234	1096	1100	IKCa	T116,T123	C1571649
27872234	1101	1109	blockers	T121	C0870261
27872234	1111	1117	apamin	T116,T123,T131	C0003521
27872234	1123	1130	TRAM-34	T109,T121	C0916207
27872234	1132	1177	1-[(2-chlorophenyl)diphenylmethl]-1H-pyrazole	T109,T121	C0916207
27872234	1190	1198	blockade	T169	C0332206
27872234	1202	1207	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1563722
27872234	1227	1237	antagonist	T120	C0243076
27872234	1238	1245	RN-1734	T109	C2744078
27872234	1249	1258	HC-067047	T109,T121	C3493142
27872234	1267	1272	SHRSP	T015	C0034705
27872234	1273	1281	arteries	T023	C0003842
27872234	1283	1313	EDH-mediated hyperpolarization	T123	C0082428
27872234	1318	1328	relaxation	T052	C0035028
27872234	1334	1347	significantly	T078	C0750502
27872234	1348	1356	impaired	T169	C0221099
27872234	1376	1379	WKY	T015	C0034709
27872234	1381	1392	GSK1016790A	T109	C2604031
27872234	1406	1411	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1563722
27872234	1412	1421	activator	T121	C0243192
27872234	1437	1454	hyperpolarization	T043	C2262820
27872234	1459	1469	relaxation	T052	C0035028
27872234	1473	1476	WKY	T015	C0034709
27872234	1477	1485	arteries	T023	C0003842
27872234	1503	1508	SHRSP	T015	C0034705
27872234	1509	1517	arteries	T023	C0003842
27872234	1523	1534	GSK1016790A	T109	C2604031
27872234	1543	1560	hyperpolarization	T043	C2262820
27872234	1575	1585	relaxation	T052	C0035028
27872234	1590	1596	absent	T169	C0332197
27872234	1598	1615	Hyperpolarization	T043	C2262820
27872234	1620	1630	relaxation	T052	C0035028
27872234	1634	1706	cyclohexyl-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl]-amine	T109,T121	C2976731
27872234	1720	1724	SKCa	T116,T123	C1571638
27872234	1725	1734	activator	T121	C0243192
27872234	1741	1751	marginally	T080	C1947914
27872234	1752	1761	decreased	T081	C0205216
27872234	1765	1770	SHRSP	T015	C0034705
27872234	1771	1779	arteries	T023	C0003842
27872234	1794	1797	WKY	T015	C0034709
27872234	1798	1806	arteries	T023	C0003842
27872234	1812	1822	expression	T045	C1171362
27872234	1826	1843	endothelial TRPV4	T116,T123	C1563722
27872234	1848	1852	SKCa	T116,T123	C1571638
27872234	1865	1888	significantly decreased	T081	C4055638
27872234	1896	1901	SHRSP	T015	C0034705
27872234	1902	1921	mesenteric arteries	T023	C0162861
27872234	1945	1948	WKY	T015	C0034709
27872234	1958	1966	function	T169	C0542341
27872234	1971	1981	expression	T045	C1171362
27872234	1985	1989	IKCa	T116,T123	C1571649
27872234	2008	2013	SHRSP	T015	C0034705
27872234	2014	2022	arteries	T023	C0003842
27872234	2030	2038	findings	T033	C0243095
27872234	2052	2055	EDH	T123	C0082428
27872234	2066	2075	responses	T033	C1704632
27872234	2080	2088	impaired	T169	C0221099
27872234	2092	2120	superior mesenteric arteries	T023	C0162861
27872234	2124	2129	SHRSP	T015	C0034705
27872234	2143	2152	reduction	T061	C0441610
27872234	2161	2166	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1563722
27872234	2171	2175	SKCa	T116,T123	C1571638
27872234	2176	2181	input	T077	C1708517
27872234	2185	2188	EDH	T123	C0082428

27872609|t|Panitumumab -Associated Encephalopathy after Accidental Intra-arterial Application through Dislocated Central Venous Access Device
27872609|a|Acute central nervous system (CNS) toxicity and immune -related side effects are increasingly recognized with the use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer therapy. Here, we report a patient who developed of acute-onset encephalopathy and coma, which began shortly after administration of panitumumab for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Echocardiography revealed that the drug had been infused into the left cardiac ventricle via a dislocated central venous line. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging disclosed multiple cortical hyperintensities, which were preferentially located in the frontal lobes. While the neurological condition improved within a few days, the patient died 4 weeks later. It seems likely that the administration of the antibody via the intra-arterial route contributed to the development of this condition. Toxic encephalopathy may be a hitherto unrecognized complication of panitumumab treatment and should be taken into consideration in patients developing CNS symptoms undergoing this therapy.
27872609	0	11	Panitumumab	T116,T121,T129	C0879427
27872609	24	38	Encephalopathy	T047	C0085584
27872609	56	70	Intra-arterial	T169	C1561451
27872609	71	82	Application	T058	C0185125
27872609	91	130	Dislocated Central Venous Access Device	T074	C0025080
27872609	131	136	Acute	T079	C0205178
27872609	137	159	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27872609	161	164	CNS	T022	C3714787
27872609	166	174	toxicity	T037	C3160947
27872609	179	185	immune	T169	C0439662
27872609	195	207	side effects	T046	C0879626
27872609	252	273	monoclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0003250
27872609	278	292	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
27872609	312	319	patient	T101	C0030705
27872609	337	363	acute-onset encephalopathy	T033	C4014441
27872609	368	372	coma	T047	C0009421
27872609	400	414	administration	T169	C1621583
27872609	418	429	panitumumab	T116,T121,T129	C0879427
27872609	438	447	treatment	T061	C0087111
27872609	451	479	metastatic colorectal cancer	T191	C0948380
27872609	481	497	Echocardiography	T060	C0013516
27872609	516	520	drug	T121	C0013227
27872609	547	569	left cardiac ventricle	T023	C0225897
27872609	576	606	dislocated central venous line	T074	C0025080
27872609	608	653	Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0598801
27872609	673	698	cortical hyperintensities	T033	C3149362
27872609	741	754	frontal lobes	T023	C0016733
27872609	766	788	neurological condition	T047	C0027765
27872609	811	815	days	T079	C0439228
27872609	821	828	patient	T101	C0030705
27872609	829	833	died	T040	C0011065
27872609	836	841	weeks	T079	C0439230
27872609	874	888	administration	T169	C1621583
27872609	896	904	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27872609	913	933	intra-arterial route	T169	C1561451
27872609	973	982	condition	T047	C0012634
27872609	984	1004	Toxic encephalopathy	T037	C0149504
27872609	1014	1022	hitherto	T079	C0205156
27872609	1036	1048	complication	T046	C0009566
27872609	1052	1063	panitumumab	T116,T121,T129	C0879427
27872609	1064	1073	treatment	T061	C0087111
27872609	1116	1124	patients	T101	C0030705
27872609	1136	1139	CNS	T022	C3714787
27872609	1140	1148	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27872609	1165	1172	therapy	T061	C0087111

27873050|t|Spontaneous regression of a parafalcine meningioma in a multiple sclerosis patient being treated with interferon beta-1a
27873050|a|Regression of meningioma after haemorrhage and the cessation of hormone treatment is well reported. However, spontaneous regression is very rarely observed. Here, we report the spontaneous regression of a parafalcine meningioma in a 56- year -old woman with multiple sclerosis, who was referred to our department after an incidental finding on magnetic resonance imaging. She was being treated with interferon beta-1a to manage the symptoms. To our knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous regression of meningioma in a patient receiving interferon beta-1a therapy and just the second report of spontaneous regression in general.
27873050	0	22	Spontaneous regression	T043	C0027644
27873050	28	50	parafalcine meningioma	T191	C0751304
27873050	56	74	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27873050	75	82	patient	T101	C0030705
27873050	89	101	treated with	T061	C0332293
27873050	102	120	interferon beta-1a	T116,T121,T129	C0254119
27873050	121	131	Regression	T191	C0920616
27873050	135	145	meningioma	T191	C0025286
27873050	152	163	haemorrhage	T046	C0019080
27873050	172	181	cessation	T052	C1880019
27873050	185	202	hormone treatment	T061	C0279025
27873050	211	219	reported	T058	C0700287
27873050	230	252	spontaneous regression	T043	C0027644
27873050	268	276	observed	T169	C1441672
27873050	287	293	report	T058	C0700287
27873050	298	320	spontaneous regression	T043	C0027644
27873050	326	348	parafalcine meningioma	T191	C0751304
27873050	358	362	year	T079	C0439234
27873050	368	373	woman	T016	C4281745
27873050	379	397	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27873050	443	461	incidental finding	T033	C0743997
27873050	465	491	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27873050	507	519	treated with	T061	C0332293
27873050	520	538	interferon beta-1a	T116,T121,T129	C0254119
27873050	553	561	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27873050	599	605	report	T058	C0700287
27873050	609	631	spontaneous regression	T043	C0027644
27873050	635	645	meningioma	T191	C0025286
27873050	651	658	patient	T101	C0030705
27873050	669	687	interferon beta-1a	T116,T121,T129	C0254119
27873050	669	687	interferon beta-1a	T116,T121,T129	C0254119
27873050	688	695	therapy	T061	C0087111
27873050	716	722	report	T058	C0700287
27873050	726	748	spontaneous regression	T043	C0027644

27873109|t|Bioavailability and health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in Thriasio Plain, near Athens, Greece
27873109|a|Elevated concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are usually found in areas of intense industrial activity. Thriasio Plain is a plain near Athens, Greece, where most of the heavy industry of the country has been situated for decades, but it also is a residential and horticultural area. We aimed at measuring the levels of PTEs in soils and indigenous plant species and assessing the health risk associated with direct soil ingestion. Samples of soils at roadsides and growing plants were collected from 31 sites of that area. Concentrations of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were measured in both soils (as pseudo-total) and aerial plant tissues. We found that As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were higher than maximum regulatory limits. Element concentrations in plants were rather lower than expected, probably because indigenous plants have developed excluder behaviour over time. Copper and Zn soil -to- plant coefficients were highest among the other elements; for Cu this was unexpected, and probably associated with recent Cu - releasing industrial activity. Risk assessment analysis indicated that As was the element contributing more than 50 % of the health risk related to direct soil ingestion, followed by Cr, Pb, and, surprisingly, Mn. We concluded that in a multi - element contamination situation, elevated risk of PTEs (such as As, Cr and Pb) may reduce the tolerance limits of exposure to less- toxic elements (here, Mn).
27873109	0	15	Bioavailability	T062	C1706947
27873109	20	42	health risk assessment	T061	C0679809
27873109	46	57	potentially	T080	C3245505
27873109	58	72	toxic elements	T131	C0032346
27873109	76	103	Thriasio Plain, near Athens	T083	C0017446
27873109	105	111	Greece	T083	C0018226
27873109	121	135	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27873109	139	150	potentially	T080	C3245505
27873109	151	165	toxic elements	T131	C0032346
27873109	167	171	PTEs	T131	C0032346
27873109	194	230	areas of intense industrial activity	T033	C3846701
27873109	232	246	Thriasio Plain	T083	C0017446
27873109	252	269	plain near Athens	T083	C0017446
27873109	271	277	Greece	T083	C0018226
27873109	297	311	heavy industry	T090	C0524640
27873109	375	386	residential	T082	C0442506
27873109	391	404	horticultural	UnknownType	C4300640
27873109	405	409	area	T082	C0205146
27873109	447	451	PTEs	T131	C0032346
27873109	455	460	soils	T167	C0037592
27873109	455	460	soils	T167	C0037592
27873109	465	475	indigenous	T169	C0302891
27873109	476	489	plant species	T002	C0032098
27873109	494	519	assessing the health risk	T061	C0679809
27873109	520	535	associated with	T080	C0332281
27873109	543	547	soil	T167	C0037592
27873109	548	557	ingestion	T038	C0232478
27873109	559	575	Samples of soils	T167	C3687777
27873109	579	588	roadsides	T073	C0442650
27873109	601	607	plants	T002	C0032098
27873109	645	649	area	T082	C0205146
27873109	651	665	Concentrations	T081	C1446561
27873109	669	671	Al	T196	C0002367
27873109	673	675	As	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27873109	677	679	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27873109	681	683	Co	T123,T196	C0009148
27873109	685	687	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
27873109	689	691	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27873109	693	695	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27873109	697	699	Mn	T123,T196	C0024706
27873109	701	703	Mo	T123,T196	C0026402
27873109	705	707	Ni	T123,T196	C0028013
27873109	709	711	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
27873109	713	714	V	T131,T196	C0042306
27873109	719	721	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27873109	744	749	soils	T167	C0037592
27873109	779	792	plant tissues	T025	C1514137
27873109	808	810	As	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27873109	812	814	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27873109	816	818	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
27873109	820	822	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27873109	824	826	Ni	T123,T196	C0028013
27873109	828	830	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
27873109	835	837	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27873109	863	873	regulatory	T089	C0220905
27873109	874	880	limits	T078	C1549649
27873109	882	889	Element	T196	C0013879
27873109	890	904	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27873109	908	914	plants	T002	C0032098
27873109	965	975	indigenous	T169	C0302891
27873109	976	982	plants	T002	C0032098
27873109	998	1006	excluder	T169	C0332196
27873109	1028	1034	Copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27873109	1039	1041	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27873109	1042	1046	soil	T167	C0037592
27873109	1052	1057	plant	T002	C0032098
27873109	1058	1070	coefficients	T081	C1707429
27873109	1100	1108	elements	T196	C0013879
27873109	1114	1116	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27873109	1151	1166	associated with	T080	C0332281
27873109	1174	1176	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27873109	1179	1188	releasing	T169	C0391871
27873109	1189	1199	industrial	T057	C0021267
27873109	1200	1208	activity	T052	C0441655
27873109	1210	1234	Risk assessment analysis	T058	C0086930
27873109	1250	1252	As	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27873109	1261	1268	element	T196	C0013879
27873109	1304	1310	health	T078	C0018684
27873109	1311	1315	risk	T078	C0035647
27873109	1334	1338	soil	T167	C0037592
27873109	1339	1348	ingestion	T038	C0232478
27873109	1362	1364	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
27873109	1366	1368	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
27873109	1389	1391	Mn	T123,T196	C0024706
27873109	1416	1421	multi	T081	C0439064
27873109	1424	1431	element	T196	C0013879
27873109	1432	1445	contamination	T068	C0259846
27873109	1474	1478	PTEs	T131	C0032346
27873109	1488	1490	As	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27873109	1492	1494	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
27873109	1499	1501	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
27873109	1518	1527	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27873109	1528	1534	limits	T169	C0439801
27873109	1538	1549	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27873109	1556	1570	toxic elements	T131	C0032346
27873109	1578	1580	Mn	T123,T196	C0024706

27873364|t|Modelling the effect of hydration on skin conductivity
27873364|a|Electrical signals are recorded from and sent into the body via the skin in a number of applications. In practice, skin is often hydrated with liquids having different conductivities so a model was produced in order to determine the relationship between skin impedance and conductivity. A model representing the skin was subjected to a variety of electrical signals. The parts of the model representing the stratum corneum were given different conductivities to represent different levels of hydration. The overall impedance and conductivity of the cells did not vary at frequencies below 40 kHz. Above 40 kHz, levels of increased conductivity caused the overall impedance to decrease. The variation in impedance with conductivity between 5 and 50 mSm(-1) can be modelled quadratically while variation in impedance with conductivity between 5 and 5000 mSm(-1) can be modelled with a double exponential decay.
27873364	0	9	Modelling	T062	C0870071
27873364	24	33	hydration	T033	C1321013
27873364	37	54	skin conductivity	T042	C0016989
27873364	55	65	Electrical	T169	C0442828
27873364	66	73	signals	T067	C1710082
27873364	110	114	body	T017	C1268086
27873364	123	127	skin	T022	C1123023
27873364	170	174	skin	T022	C1123023
27873364	198	205	liquids	T167	C0302908
27873364	223	237	conductivities	T081	C0013777
27873364	243	248	model	T170	C3161035
27873364	288	300	relationship	T080	C0439849
27873364	309	313	skin	T022	C1123023
27873364	314	323	impedance	T039	C0162537
27873364	328	340	conductivity	T081	C0013777
27873364	344	349	model	T170	C3161035
27873364	367	371	skin	T022	C1123023
27873364	402	412	electrical	T169	C0442828
27873364	413	420	signals	T067	C1710082
27873364	439	444	model	T170	C3161035
27873364	462	477	stratum corneum	T024	C0221921
27873364	499	513	conductivities	T081	C0013777
27873364	537	556	levels of hydration	T033	C1321013
27873364	570	579	impedance	T039	C0162537
27873364	584	596	conductivity	T081	C0013777
27873364	604	609	cells	T025	C0007634
27873364	626	637	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27873364	676	685	increased	T081	C0205217
27873364	686	698	conductivity	T081	C0013777
27873364	718	727	impedance	T039	C0162537
27873364	731	739	decrease	T081	C0547047
27873364	758	767	impedance	T039	C0162537
27873364	773	785	conductivity	T081	C0013777
27873364	818	826	modelled	T062	C0870071
27873364	827	840	quadratically	T081	C0392762
27873364	847	856	variation	T080	C0205419
27873364	860	869	impedance	T039	C0162537
27873364	875	887	conductivity	T081	C0013777
27873364	922	930	modelled	T062	C0870071
27873364	945	956	exponential	T081	C1552645
27873364	957	962	decay	T067	C2700592

27873506|t|Development of a Robotic Colonoscopic Manipulation System, Using Haptic Feedback Algorithm
27873506|a|Colonoscopy is one of the most effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools for colorectal diseases. We aim to propose a master-slave robotic colonoscopy that is controllable in remote site using conventional colonoscopy. The master and slave robot were developed to use conventional flexible colonoscopy. The robotic colonoscopic procedure was performed using a colonoscope training model by one expert endoscopist and two unexperienced engineers. To provide the haptic sensation, the insertion force and the rotating torque were measured and sent to the master robot. A slave robot was developed to hold the colonoscopy and its knob, and perform insertion, rotation, and two tilting motions of colonoscope. A master robot was designed to teach motions of the slave robot. These measured force and torque were scaled down by one tenth to provide the operator with some reflection force and torque at the haptic device. The haptic sensation and feedback system was successful and helpful to feel the constrained force or torque in colon. The insertion time using robotic system decreased with repeated procedures. This work proposed a robotic approach for colonoscopy using haptic feedback algorithm, and this robotic device would effectively perform colonoscopy with reduced burden and comparable safety for patients in remote site.
27873506	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
27873506	17	57	Robotic Colonoscopic Manipulation System	T170	C1738367
27873506	65	71	Haptic	T073	C1708324
27873506	72	80	Feedback	T067	C0015744
27873506	81	90	Algorithm	T170	C0002045
27873506	91	102	Colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27873506	132	164	diagnostic and therapeutic tools	UnknownType	C0541506
27873506	169	188	colorectal diseases	T191	C0009404
27873506	210	230	master-slave robotic	T073	C0336537
27873506	231	242	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27873506	251	263	controllable	T080	C0243148
27873506	267	273	remote	T082	C0205157
27873506	274	278	site	T082	C0205145
27873506	285	297	conventional	T080	C0439858
27873506	298	309	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27873506	315	321	master	T073	C0336537
27873506	326	337	slave robot	T073	C0336537
27873506	343	352	developed	T169	C1527148
27873506	360	372	conventional	T080	C0439858
27873506	373	381	flexible	T080	C0443220
27873506	382	393	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27873506	399	429	robotic colonoscopic procedure	T061	C0751041
27873506	452	463	colonoscope	T074	C0180022
27873506	464	478	training model	T074	C3881670
27873506	486	492	expert	T080	C0205556
27873506	493	504	endoscopist	T097	C1522486
27873506	513	526	unexperienced	T080	C0205556
27873506	527	536	engineers	T097	C0878517
27873506	553	559	haptic	T073	C1708324
27873506	560	569	sensation	T169	C0205245
27873506	575	584	insertion	T169	C1883719
27873506	585	590	force	T067	C0441722
27873506	599	614	rotating torque	T067	C0376590
27873506	620	628	measured	T080	C0444706
27873506	645	657	master robot	T073	C0336537
27873506	661	672	slave robot	T073	C0336537
27873506	677	686	developed	T169	C1527148
27873506	699	710	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27873506	719	723	knob	T073	C1708612
27873506	737	746	insertion	T169	C1883719
27873506	748	756	rotation	T169	C0035868
27873506	766	781	tilting motions	T169	C0687704
27873506	785	796	colonoscope	T074	C0180022
27873506	800	812	master robot	T073	C0336537
27873506	817	825	designed	T052	C1707689
27873506	835	842	motions	T169	C0687704
27873506	850	861	slave robot	T073	C0336537
27873506	869	877	measured	T080	C0444706
27873506	878	883	force	T067	C0441722
27873506	888	894	torque	T067	C0376590
27873506	900	911	scaled down	T052	C1947916
27873506	919	924	tenth	T081	C0205444
27873506	940	948	operator	T098	C1705275
27873506	959	975	reflection force	T067	C0441722
27873506	980	986	torque	T067	C0376590
27873506	994	1007	haptic device	T073	C1708324
27873506	1013	1019	haptic	T073	C1708324
27873506	1020	1029	sensation	T169	C0205245
27873506	1034	1049	feedback system	T067	C0015744
27873506	1089	1100	constrained	T077	C1707494
27873506	1101	1106	force	T067	C0441722
27873506	1110	1116	torque	T067	C0376590
27873506	1120	1125	colon	T023	C0009368
27873506	1131	1140	insertion	T169	C1883719
27873506	1141	1145	time	T079	C0040223
27873506	1152	1166	robotic system	T170	C1738367
27873506	1167	1176	decreased	T081	C0205216
27873506	1182	1190	repeated	T169	C0205341
27873506	1191	1201	procedures	T169	C0025664
27873506	1224	1240	robotic approach	T170	C1738367
27873506	1245	1256	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27873506	1263	1269	haptic	T073	C1708324
27873506	1270	1278	feedback	T067	C0015744
27873506	1279	1288	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27873506	1299	1313	robotic device	T073	C0336537
27873506	1340	1351	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
27873506	1357	1364	reduced	T080	C0392756
27873506	1365	1371	burden	T078	C2828008
27873506	1387	1406	safety for patients	T058	C1113679
27873506	1410	1416	remote	T082	C0205157
27873506	1417	1421	site	T082	C0205145

27874071|t|An ancient role for nitric oxide in regulating the animal pelagobenthic life cycle: evidence from a marine sponge
27874071|a|In many marine invertebrates, larval metamorphosis is induced by environmental cues that activate sensory receptors and signalling pathways. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous signalling molecule that regulates metamorphosis in diverse bilaterians. In most cases NO inhibits or represses this process, although it functions as an activator in some species. Here we demonstrate that NO positively regulates metamorphosis in the poriferan Amphimedon queenslandica. High rates of A. queenslandica metamorphosis normally induced by a coralline alga are inhibited by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and by a NO scavenger. Consistent with this, an artificial donor of NO induces metamorphosis even in the absence of the alga. Inhibition of the ERK signalling pathway prevents metamorphosis in concert with, or downstream of, NO signalling; a NO donor cannot override the ERK inhibitor. NOS gene expression is activated late in embryogenesis and in larvae, and is enriched in specific epithelial and subepithelial cell types, including a putative sensory cell, the globular cell; DAF-FM staining supports these cells being primary sources of NO. Together, these results are consistent with NO playing an activating role in induction of A. queenslandica metamorphosis, evidence of its highly conserved regulatory role in metamorphosis throughout the Metazoa.
27874071	20	32	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27874071	36	46	regulating	T038	C1327622
27874071	51	57	animal	T008	C0003062
27874071	58	71	pelagobenthic	T079	C0205184
27874071	72	82	life cycle	T079	C0023675
27874071	100	113	marine sponge	T204	C0032699
27874071	122	142	marine invertebrates	T204	C0021948
27874071	144	164	larval metamorphosis	T040	C0277806
27874071	168	175	induced	T169	C0205263
27874071	179	192	environmental	T082	C0014406
27874071	193	197	cues	T078	C0010439
27874071	203	211	activate	T169	C1515877
27874071	212	229	sensory receptors	T026	C0034837
27874071	234	253	signalling pathways	T044	C0037080
27874071	255	267	Nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27874071	269	271	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27874071	278	285	gaseous	T104	C0017110
27874071	286	296	signalling	T038	C3537152
27874071	297	305	molecule	T167	C0567416
27874071	311	320	regulates	T038	C1327622
27874071	321	334	metamorphosis	T040	C0025558
27874071	346	357	bilaterians	T204	C1004398
27874071	373	375	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27874071	376	384	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27874071	388	397	represses	T169	C1260953
27874071	440	449	activator	T052	C1879547
27874071	458	465	species	T185	C1705920
27874071	492	494	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27874071	506	515	regulates	T038	C1327622
27874071	516	529	metamorphosis	T040	C0025558
27874071	537	546	poriferan	T204	C0032699
27874071	547	571	Amphimedon queenslandica	T204	C1885315
27874071	587	603	A. queenslandica	T204	C1885315
27874071	604	617	metamorphosis	T040	C0025558
27874071	627	634	induced	T169	C0205263
27874071	640	654	coralline alga	T002	C1003604
27874071	659	668	inhibited	T052	C3463820
27874071	675	684	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27874071	688	709	nitric oxide synthase	T116,T126	C0132555
27874071	711	714	NOS	T116,T126	C0132555
27874071	725	737	NO scavenger	T120	C0079381
27874071	784	786	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27874071	795	808	metamorphosis	T040	C0025558
27874071	836	840	alga	T204	C0002028
27874071	842	852	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27874071	860	882	ERK signalling pathway	T044	C3179234
27874071	892	905	metamorphosis	T040	C0025558
27874071	926	936	downstream	T082	C0522506
27874071	941	943	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27874071	944	954	signalling	T038	C3537152
27874071	958	960	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27874071	987	990	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27874071	991	1000	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27874071	1002	1005	NOS	T116,T126	C0132555
27874071	1006	1021	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27874071	1025	1034	activated	T052	C1879547
27874071	1043	1056	embryogenesis	T042	C0013936
27874071	1064	1070	larvae	T204	C0023047
27874071	1100	1133	epithelial and subepithelial cell	T025	C0014597
27874071	1153	1174	putative sensory cell	T025	C0007634
27874071	1180	1193	globular cell	T025	C0007634
27874071	1195	1201	DAF-FM	T109,T130	C1611425
27874071	1202	1210	staining	T059	C0487602
27874071	1226	1231	cells	T025	C0007634
27874071	1257	1259	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27874071	1305	1307	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27874071	1319	1329	activating	T052	C1879547
27874071	1338	1347	induction	T169	C0205263
27874071	1351	1367	A. queenslandica	T204	C1885315
27874071	1368	1381	metamorphosis	T040	C0025558
27874071	1416	1431	regulatory role	T038	C1327622
27874071	1435	1448	metamorphosis	T040	C0025558
27874071	1464	1471	Metazoa	T204	C2713498

27874309|t|Abundance and Characterization of Perfect Microsatellites on the Cattle Y Chromosome
27874309|a|Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are found in most organisms and play an important role in genomic organization and function. To characterize the abundance of SSRs (1-6 base-pairs [bp]) on the cattle Y chromsome, the relative frequency and density of perfect or uninterrupted SSRs based on the published Y chromosome sequence were examined. A total of 17,273 perfect SSRs were found, with total length of 324.78 kb, indicating that approximately 0.75% of the cattle Y chromosome sequence (43.30 Mb) comprises perfect SSRs, with an average length of 18.80 bp. The relative frequency and density were 398.92 loci/Mb and 7500.62 bp /Mb, respectively. The proportions of the six classes of perfect SSRs were highly variable on the cattle Y chromosome. Mononucleotide repeats had a total number of 8073 (46.74%) and an average length of 15.45 bp, and were the most abundant SSRs class, while the percentages of di-, tetra-, tri-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotide repeats were 22.86%, 11.98%, 11.58%, 6.65%, and 0.19%, respectively. Different classes of SSRs varied in their repeat number, with the highest being 42 for dinucleotides. Results reveal that repeat categories A, AC, AT, AAC, AGC, GTTT, CTTT, ATTT, and AACTG predominate on the Y chromosome. This study provides insight into the organization of cattle Y chromosome repetitive DNA, as well as information useful for developing more polymorphic cattle Y-chromosome -specific SSRs.
27874309	0	9	Abundance	T080	C2346714
27874309	14	30	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27874309	42	57	Microsatellites	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	65	71	Cattle	T015	C0007452
27874309	72	84	Y Chromosome	T026	C0043381
27874309	85	100	Microsatellites	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	104	127	simple sequence repeats	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	129	133	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	153	162	organisms	T001	C0029235
27874309	193	213	genomic organization	T028	C1517495
27874309	218	226	function	T045	C0314627
27874309	231	243	characterize	T052	C1880022
27874309	248	257	abundance	T080	C2346714
27874309	261	265	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	271	281	base-pairs	T044	C0600436
27874309	283	285	bp	T044	C0600436
27874309	295	301	cattle	T015	C0007452
27874309	302	313	Y chromsome	T026	C0043381
27874309	328	337	frequency	T079	C0439603
27874309	342	349	density	T081	C0178587
27874309	378	382	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	406	418	Y chromosome	T026	C0043381
27874309	419	427	sequence	T086	C0162326
27874309	433	441	examined	T033	C0332128
27874309	469	473	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	497	503	length	T081	C1444754
27874309	561	567	cattle	T015	C0007452
27874309	568	580	Y chromosome	T026	C0043381
27874309	581	589	sequence	T086	C0162326
27874309	619	623	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	641	647	length	T086	C0162326
27874309	657	659	bp	T044	C0600436
27874309	674	683	frequency	T079	C0439603
27874309	688	695	density	T081	C0178587
27874309	728	730	bp	T044	C0600436
27874309	796	800	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	829	835	cattle	T015	C0007452
27874309	836	848	Y chromosome	T026	C0043381
27874309	850	872	Mononucleotide repeats	T114	C0028630
27874309	924	930	length	T086	C0162326
27874309	940	942	bp	T044	C0600436
27874309	971	975	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	1008	1011	di-	T114,T123	C0282524
27874309	1013	1019	tetra-	T114	C0028630
27874309	1021	1025	tri-	T114	C0028630
27874309	1027	1033	penta-	T114	C0028630
27874309	1039	1062	hexa-nucleotide repeats	T114	C0028630
27874309	1145	1149	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302
27874309	1211	1224	dinucleotides	T114	C0028630
27874309	1264	1265	A	T114,T123	C0001407
27874309	1267	1269	AC	T086	C0004793
27874309	1271	1273	AT	T086	C0004793
27874309	1275	1278	AAC	T086	C0004793
27874309	1280	1283	AGC	T086	C0004793
27874309	1285	1289	GTTT	T086	C0004793
27874309	1291	1295	CTTT	T086	C0004793
27874309	1297	1301	ATTT	T086	C0004793
27874309	1307	1312	AACTG	T086	C0004793
27874309	1332	1344	Y chromosome	T026	C0043381
27874309	1351	1356	study	T062	C2603343
27874309	1399	1405	cattle	T015	C0007452
27874309	1406	1418	Y chromosome	T026	C0043381
27874309	1430	1433	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27874309	1485	1496	polymorphic	T080	C1882417
27874309	1497	1503	cattle	T015	C0007452
27874309	1504	1516	Y-chromosome	T026	C0043381
27874309	1527	1531	SSRs	T114,T123	C1519302

27875010|t|Nutrients influence the thermal ecophysiology of an intertidal macroalga: multiple stressors or multiple drivers?
27875010|a|Urbanization of coastlines is leading to increased introduction of nutrients from the terrestrial environment to nearshore habitats. While such nutrient influxes can be detrimental to coastal marine organisms due to increased eutrophication and subsequent reduced oxygen, they could also have positive effects (i.e., increased food availability) on species that are nitrogen-limited such as macroalgae. Nutrient enrichment in this environment thus has the potential to counteract some of the negative impacts of increasing temperatures, at least for some species. Characterizing the physiological response of organisms to simultaneous changes in multiple drivers such as these is an important first step in predicting how global climate change may lead to ecological responses at more local levels. We evaluated how nutrient enrichment (i.e., nitrogen availability) affected the growth of Fucus vesiculosus, a foundational macroalgal species in the North Atlantic rocky intertidal zone, and found that nutrient -enriched algal blades showed a significant increase in tissue growth compared to individuals grown under ambient conditions. We further quantified net photosynthesis by ambient and nutrient -enriched tissues at saturating irradiance over a range of temperature conditions (6-30°C). Respiration was unaffected by nutrient treatment; however, there was a significant increase in photosynthetic oxygen production for nutrient -enriched tissue compared to ambient, but only at elevated (≥18°C) temperatures. This study contributes to a growing body of literature showing the complexity of responses to changes in multiple drivers, and highlights the importance of studying the impacts of global climate change within the context of more local environmental conditions.
27875010	0	9	Nutrients	T168	C0678695
27875010	24	45	thermal ecophysiology	T039	C1254359
27875010	52	62	intertidal	T082	C1254362
27875010	63	72	macroalga	T204	C0036500
27875010	74	92	multiple stressors	T078	C0597530
27875010	96	112	multiple drivers	T078	C1254370
27875010	114	126	Urbanization	T068	C0041938
27875010	130	140	coastlines	UnknownType	C0681784
27875010	181	190	nutrients	T168	C0678695
27875010	200	223	terrestrial environment	T082	C0014406
27875010	227	245	nearshore habitats	T082	C0871648
27875010	258	266	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27875010	298	305	coastal	UnknownType	C0681784
27875010	306	322	marine organisms	T001	C0599383
27875010	340	354	eutrophication	T067	C0015191
27875010	370	377	reduced	T080	C0392756
27875010	378	384	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27875010	407	423	positive effects	T080	C1280500
27875010	441	445	food	T168	C0016452
27875010	446	458	availability	T169	C0470187
27875010	463	470	species	T185	C1705920
27875010	480	496	nitrogen-limited	T123,T196	C0028158
27875010	505	515	macroalgae	T204	C0036500
27875010	517	525	Nutrient	T168	C0678695
27875010	526	536	enrichment	T067	C1254366
27875010	545	556	environment	T082	C0014406
27875010	570	579	potential	T080	C3245505
27875010	606	622	negative impacts	T080	C4049986
27875010	626	636	increasing	T169	C0442808
27875010	637	649	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27875010	669	676	species	T185	C1705920
27875010	697	719	physiological response	T039	C1254359
27875010	723	732	organisms	T001	C0029235
27875010	736	748	simultaneous	T079	C0205420
27875010	749	756	changes	T169	C0392747
27875010	760	776	multiple drivers	T078	C1254370
27875010	836	842	global	T080	C2348867
27875010	843	857	climate change	T070	C2718051
27875010	870	880	ecological	T070	C0162358
27875010	881	890	responses	T032	C0871261
27875010	899	911	local levels	UnknownType	C0683925
27875010	930	938	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27875010	939	949	enrichment	T067	C1254366
27875010	957	965	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
27875010	966	978	availability	T169	C0470187
27875010	993	999	growth	T040	C0018270
27875010	1003	1020	Fucus vesiculosus	T002	C1083174
27875010	1037	1047	macroalgal	T204	C0036500
27875010	1048	1055	species	T204	C0036500
27875010	1063	1099	North Atlantic rocky intertidal zone	T083	C0004166
27875010	1116	1124	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27875010	1135	1147	algal blades	T185	C2698828
27875010	1181	1194	tissue growth	T042	C1621966
27875010	1207	1218	individuals	T078	C0441833
27875010	1231	1238	ambient	T080	C1879688
27875010	1277	1291	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
27875010	1307	1315	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27875010	1326	1333	tissues	T025	C1514137
27875010	1337	1358	saturating irradiance	T070	C1282930
27875010	1375	1386	temperature	T081	C0039476
27875010	1408	1419	Respiration	T039	C0035203
27875010	1438	1446	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27875010	1447	1456	treatment	T169	C1522326
27875010	1503	1517	photosynthetic	T070	C0031764
27875010	1518	1524	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27875010	1540	1548	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27875010	1559	1565	tissue	T025	C1514137
27875010	1578	1585	ambient	T080	C1879688
27875010	1599	1607	elevated	T080	C3163633
27875010	1616	1628	temperatures	T081	C0039476
27875010	1635	1640	study	T062	C2603343
27875010	1674	1684	literature	T170	C0023866
27875010	1711	1731	responses to changes	T032	C0871261
27875010	1735	1751	multiple drivers	T078	C1254370
27875010	1786	1794	studying	T062	C2603343
27875010	1799	1806	impacts	T067	C0282165
27875010	1810	1816	global	T080	C2348867
27875010	1817	1831	climate change	T070	C2718051
27875010	1865	1878	environmental	T082	C0014406
27875010	1879	1889	conditions	T080	C0348080

27875058|t|Antenatal Stressful Life Events and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms in the United States: The Role of Women's Socioeconomic Status Indices at the State Level
27875058|a|Approximately 10%-20% of women suffer from postpartum depression (PPD), important predictors of which are antenatal stressful life event (SLE) experiences. The association between women's state-level socioeconomic status (SES) and PPD has not been explored. This study aimed to examine whether the association between antenatal SLE and PPD symptoms was moderated by women's state-level SES. Data from the 2009-2011 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) were used. State-level women's employment / earnings and social / economic autonomy indices were computed from indicators published by the Institute of Women's Policy Research (IWPR). Multilevel multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Among 91,253 women with valid responses, 11.3% had PPD symptoms, prevalence ranging from 7.1% in Illinois to 17.1% in Arkansas. Women who experienced all four stressor categories, including partner related, traumatic, emotional, and financial, had the highest odds (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.36-5.51) of PPD symptoms. The odds of experiencing PPD symptoms decreased with an increase in the state-level social / economic autonomy index (aOR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.64-0.88). There was significant cross-level interaction between number of stressor categories experienced and state-level index. Screening for antenatal SLEs can help identify women at risk for PPD symptoms. That the odds of having PPD symptoms decreased with increasing state-level social / economic autonomy and women residing in states with lower indices were more vulnerable to the impacts of antenatal stressors, could have policy implications related to improving the SES of women in these states.
27875058	0	9	Antenatal	T079	C2828394
27875058	10	31	Stressful Life Events	T051	C0038444
27875058	36	46	Postpartum	T079	C0086839
27875058	47	66	Depressive Symptoms	T184	C0086132
27875058	74	87	United States	T083	C0041703
27875058	101	108	Women's	T098	C0043210
27875058	109	129	Socioeconomic Status	T080	C0086996
27875058	130	137	Indices	T170	C0918012
27875058	145	156	State Level	T081	C1711201
27875058	182	187	women	T098	C0043210
27875058	188	194	suffer	T048	C0683278
27875058	200	221	postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
27875058	223	226	PPD	T048	C0221074
27875058	239	249	predictors	T078	C2698872
27875058	263	272	antenatal	T079	C2828394
27875058	273	293	stressful life event	T051	C0038444
27875058	295	298	SLE	T051	C0038444
27875058	300	311	experiences	T067	C0237609
27875058	317	328	association	T080	C0439849
27875058	337	344	women's	T098	C0043210
27875058	345	356	state-level	T081	C1711201
27875058	357	377	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
27875058	379	382	SES	T080	C0086996
27875058	388	391	PPD	T048	C0221074
27875058	420	425	study	T062	C0681814
27875058	455	466	association	T080	C0439849
27875058	475	484	antenatal	T079	C2828394
27875058	485	488	SLE	T051	C0038444
27875058	493	496	PPD	T048	C0221074
27875058	497	505	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27875058	510	519	moderated	T080	C1881878
27875058	523	530	women's	T098	C0043210
27875058	531	542	state-level	T081	C1711201
27875058	543	546	SES	T080	C0086996
27875058	548	552	Data	T078	C1511726
27875058	572	615	Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System	T170	C0038951
27875058	617	622	PRAMS	T170	C0038951
27875058	635	646	State-level	T081	C1711201
27875058	647	654	women's	T098	C0043210
27875058	655	665	employment	T080	C0014003
27875058	668	676	earnings	T081	C0680989
27875058	681	687	social	T169	C0728831
27875058	690	698	economic	T169	C0013557
27875058	699	707	autonomy	T078	C0085862
27875058	708	715	indices	T170	C0918012
27875058	735	745	indicators	T130	C0021212
27875058	763	799	Institute of Women's Policy Research	T092	C1561598
27875058	801	805	IWPR	T092	C1561598
27875058	808	861	Multilevel multivariable logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
27875058	891	896	women	T098	C0043210
27875058	902	907	valid	T080	C2349099
27875058	908	917	responses	T032	C0871261
27875058	929	932	PPD	T048	C0221074
27875058	933	941	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27875058	943	953	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27875058	975	983	Illinois	T083	C0020898
27875058	996	1004	Arkansas	T083	C0003790
27875058	1006	1011	Women	T098	C0043210
27875058	1037	1045	stressor	T078	C0597530
27875058	1046	1056	categories	T170	C0683312
27875058	1068	1075	partner	T098	C3887537
27875058	1076	1083	related	T033	C0445223
27875058	1085	1094	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27875058	1096	1105	emotional	T033	C0849912
27875058	1111	1120	financial	T081	C0376243
27875058	1138	1142	odds	T081	C0028873
27875058	1144	1163	adjusted odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27875058	1165	1168	aOR	T081	C0028873
27875058	1181	1200	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27875058	1202	1204	CI	T081	C0009667
27875058	1221	1224	PPD	T048	C0221074
27875058	1225	1233	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27875058	1239	1243	odds	T081	C0028873
27875058	1260	1263	PPD	T048	C0221074
27875058	1264	1272	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27875058	1273	1282	decreased	T081	C0205216
27875058	1291	1299	increase	T169	C0442805
27875058	1307	1318	state-level	T081	C1711201
27875058	1319	1325	social	T169	C0728831
27875058	1328	1336	economic	T169	C0013557
27875058	1337	1345	autonomy	T078	C0085862
27875058	1346	1351	index	T170	C0918012
27875058	1353	1356	aOR	T081	C0028873
27875058	1368	1370	CI	T081	C0009667
27875058	1406	1429	cross-level interaction	T080	C0205556
27875058	1448	1456	stressor	T078	C0597530
27875058	1457	1467	categories	T170	C0683312
27875058	1484	1495	state-level	T081	C1711201
27875058	1496	1501	index	T170	C0918012
27875058	1503	1512	Screening	T169	C1305399
27875058	1517	1526	antenatal	T079	C2828394
27875058	1527	1531	SLEs	T051	C0038444
27875058	1550	1555	women	T098	C0043210
27875058	1556	1563	at risk	T080	C1444641
27875058	1568	1571	PPD	T048	C0221074
27875058	1572	1580	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27875058	1591	1595	odds	T081	C0028873
27875058	1606	1609	PPD	T048	C0221074
27875058	1610	1618	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27875058	1619	1628	decreased	T081	C0205216
27875058	1634	1644	increasing	T169	C0442805
27875058	1645	1656	state-level	T081	C1711201
27875058	1657	1663	social	T169	C0728831
27875058	1666	1674	economic	T169	C0013557
27875058	1675	1683	autonomy	T078	C0085862
27875058	1688	1693	women	T098	C0043210
27875058	1706	1712	states	T083	C1301808
27875058	1724	1731	indices	T170	C0918012
27875058	1737	1752	more vulnerable	T169	C0231204
27875058	1771	1780	antenatal	T079	C2828394
27875058	1781	1790	stressors	T078	C0597530
27875058	1803	1822	policy implications	UnknownType	C0814846
27875058	1848	1851	SES	T080	C0086996
27875058	1855	1860	women	T098	C0043210
27875058	1870	1876	states	T083	C1301808

27875815|t|Wang's Forceps -Assisted Catheter Reposition and Fixation: An Easy and Reliable Rescue Method
27875815|a|Catheter migration and omental wrap are the most common causes of catheter malfunction, which usually result in catheter removal or replacement. The conventional open surgery for catheter reposition has many disadvantages. A new tunnel is needed throughout the procedure of catheter replacement causing more pain and frustration to the patients. Another drawback is that the incidence of catheter migration after conventional catheter reposition surgery is still as high as it was before the procedure. Wang's forceps, an instrument commonly used in our peritoneal dialysis center, is easy and effective in catheter insertion and fixation. Recently, we have successfully used the Wang's forceps to resolve the catheter displacement for 10 patients, including 1 patient who suffered from catheter tip migration 3 times and had undergone conventional catheter rescue by both open surgery and laparoscopy. This new technique was easy and reliable, and the original tunnel was maintained, which reduced pain and risk of infection in the patients. These advantages may grant the Wang's forceps technique favorable over the conventional surgical approach.
27875815	0	14	Wang's Forceps	T074	C0016533
27875815	25	44	Catheter Reposition	T061	C2053856
27875815	49	57	Fixation	T061	C1301628
27875815	80	93	Rescue Method	T061	C0842343
27875815	94	112	Catheter migration	T046	C0403577
27875815	117	129	omental wrap	T061	C0450185
27875815	160	180	catheter malfunction	T046	C1397894
27875815	206	222	catheter removal	T061	C0204835
27875815	226	237	replacement	T061	C2053855
27875815	243	255	conventional	T080	C0439858
27875815	256	268	open surgery	T061	C4283938
27875815	273	292	catheter reposition	T061	C2053856
27875815	323	329	tunnel	T074	C0025080
27875815	368	388	catheter replacement	T061	C0522774
27875815	402	406	pain	T184	C0030193
27875815	411	422	frustration	T041	C0016770
27875815	430	438	patients	T101	C0030705
27875815	469	478	incidence	T169	C0220856
27875815	482	500	catheter migration	T046	C0403577
27875815	507	519	conventional	T080	C0439858
27875815	520	547	catheter reposition surgery	T061	C2053856
27875815	597	611	Wang's forceps	T074	C0016533
27875815	616	626	instrument	T074	C0348000
27875815	648	658	peritoneal	T029	C0442034
27875815	659	674	dialysis center	T093	C1707735
27875815	688	697	effective	T080	C1704419
27875815	701	732	catheter insertion and fixation	T061	C0842343
27875815	774	788	Wang's forceps	T074	C0016533
27875815	804	825	catheter displacement	T046	C3649352
27875815	833	841	patients	T101	C0030705
27875815	855	862	patient	T101	C0030705
27875815	881	893	catheter tip	T074	C0444304
27875815	894	903	migration	T169	C0232902
27875815	930	942	conventional	T080	C0439858
27875815	943	958	catheter rescue	T061	C0842343
27875815	967	979	open surgery	T061	C4283938
27875815	984	995	laparoscopy	T061	C1883297
27875815	1006	1015	technique	T169	C0449851
27875815	1047	1055	original	T078	C0205313
27875815	1056	1062	tunnel	T074	C0025080
27875815	1085	1097	reduced pain	T033	C2712015
27875815	1102	1106	risk	T081	C3538919
27875815	1110	1119	infection	T046	C3714514
27875815	1127	1135	patients	T101	C0030705
27875815	1168	1182	Wang's forceps	T074	C0016533
27875815	1183	1192	technique	T169	C0449851
27875815	1193	1202	favorable	T080	C3640814
27875815	1212	1224	conventional	T080	C0439858
27875815	1225	1242	surgical approach	T169	C0449446

27876080|t|Effect of testosterone on the Connexin37 of sexual mature mouse cumulus oocyte complex
27876080|a|Recent researches demonstrate that pre-treatment with androgen could increase retrieved oocytes number and clinical pregnancy rate in poor ovarian response (POR) patients. In view of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) is important for follicular growth, and androgen plays an important role in improving prognosis of POR patients, we speculate that androgen can increase the expression of connexin in follicle cells, and improve ovarian microenvironment, thus can promote ovarian response. The objective of the research is to study the effect of testosterone on connexin37 (Cx37) expression so as to provide theoretical basis for adding testosterone in treatment of POR. Cumulus - oocyte-cells (COCs) were collected from ICR mice ovaries, and were cultured in vitro for 48 h and then treated with testosterone (T) at various concentration. To assess whether the effect of androgen on Cx37 expression is mediated through androgen receptor (AR) pathway, COCs were cultured in vitro with Flutamide (androgen receptor antagonist). The expression of Cx37 was determined by western blot. The expression of Cx37 in COCs which were treated with testosterone was higher than that of control group. There were significant differences (P < 0.001;<0.001;<0.001;<0.001). Cx37 increased with the elevated testosterone concentrations. Cx37 was lower in androgen receptor antagonist group (2.57 ± 0.12) than the corresponding testosterone concentrations group (4.42 ± 0.28). There were significant differences between two groups (P < 0.001). There was close relationship between gap junction protein and ovarian response, which suggested that androgen could promote ovarian response by increasing the expression of Cx37 in follicle. Androgen plays an important role in ovarian response through the AR pathway and non-AR pathway.
27876080	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27876080	10	22	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27876080	30	40	Connexin37	T116,T123	C3883963
27876080	44	57	sexual mature	T032	C0233893
27876080	58	63	mouse	T015	C0025929
27876080	64	71	cumulus	T023	C0227885
27876080	72	78	oocyte	T025	C0029045
27876080	79	86	complex	T080	C0439855
27876080	122	135	pre-treatment	T061	C0087111
27876080	141	149	androgen	T121,T125	C0002844
27876080	156	164	increase	T169	C0442805
27876080	175	182	oocytes	T025	C0029045
27876080	183	189	number	T081	C0237753
27876080	194	202	clinical	T080	C0205210
27876080	203	217	pregnancy rate	T081	C0032975
27876080	221	242	poor ovarian response	T042	C1254358
27876080	244	247	POR	T042	C1254358
27876080	249	257	patients	T101	C0030705
27876080	270	310	gap junction intercellular communication	T043	C1154413
27876080	312	316	GJIC	T043	C1154413
27876080	335	345	follicular	T023	C0018120
27876080	346	352	growth	T040	C0018270
27876080	358	366	androgen	T121,T125	C0002844
27876080	394	403	improving	T080	C1272745
27876080	404	413	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27876080	417	420	POR	T042	C1254358
27876080	421	429	patients	T101	C0030705
27876080	449	457	androgen	T121,T125	C0002844
27876080	462	470	increase	T169	C0442805
27876080	475	485	expression	T045	C1171362
27876080	489	497	connexin	T116,T123	C0110611
27876080	501	509	follicle	T023	C0018120
27876080	510	515	cells	T025	C0007634
27876080	521	528	improve	T033	C0184511
27876080	529	536	ovarian	T023	C0205065
27876080	537	553	microenvironment	T082	C0014406
27876080	564	571	promote	T052	C0033414
27876080	572	588	ovarian response	T042	C1254358
27876080	636	642	effect	T080	C1280500
27876080	646	658	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27876080	662	672	connexin37	T116,T123	C0214283
27876080	674	678	Cx37	T116,T123	C0214283
27876080	680	690	expression	T045	C1171362
27876080	737	749	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27876080	753	762	treatment	T061	C0087111
27876080	766	769	POR	T042	C1254358
27876080	771	778	Cumulus	T023	C0227885
27876080	781	793	oocyte-cells	T025	C0029045
27876080	795	799	COCs	T025	C0029045
27876080	821	829	ICR mice	T015	C0025925
27876080	830	837	ovaries	T023	C0029939
27876080	848	856	cultured	T059	C0007585
27876080	857	865	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27876080	884	896	treated with	T061	C0332293
27876080	897	909	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27876080	911	912	T	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27876080	925	938	concentration	T081	C1446561
27876080	962	968	effect	T080	C1280500
27876080	972	980	androgen	T121,T125	C0002844
27876080	984	988	Cx37	T116,T123	C3883963
27876080	989	999	expression	T045	C1171362
27876080	1020	1050	androgen receptor (AR) pathway	T044	C1155499
27876080	1052	1056	COCs	T025	C0029045
27876080	1062	1070	cultured	T059	C0007585
27876080	1071	1079	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27876080	1085	1094	Flutamide	T109,T121	C0016384
27876080	1096	1124	androgen receptor antagonist	T109,T121	C0016384
27876080	1131	1141	expression	T045	C1171362
27876080	1145	1149	Cx37	T116,T123	C3883963
27876080	1168	1180	western blot	T059	C0949466
27876080	1186	1196	expression	T045	C1171362
27876080	1200	1204	Cx37	T116,T123	C3883963
27876080	1208	1212	COCs	T025	C0029045
27876080	1224	1236	treated with	T061	C0332293
27876080	1237	1249	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27876080	1254	1260	higher	T080	C0205250
27876080	1274	1287	control group	T096	C0009932
27876080	1358	1362	Cx37	T116,T123	C3883963
27876080	1363	1372	increased	T081	C0205217
27876080	1382	1390	elevated	T080	C3163633
27876080	1391	1403	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27876080	1404	1418	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27876080	1420	1424	Cx37	T116,T123	C3883963
27876080	1429	1434	lower	T080	C0205251
27876080	1438	1466	androgen receptor antagonist	T109,T121	C0016384
27876080	1467	1472	group	T078	C0441833
27876080	1510	1522	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27876080	1523	1537	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27876080	1538	1543	group	T078	C0441833
27876080	1606	1612	groups	T078	C0441833
27876080	1663	1683	gap junction protein	T116,T123	C0110611
27876080	1688	1704	ovarian response	T042	C1254358
27876080	1727	1735	androgen	T121,T125	C0002844
27876080	1742	1749	promote	T052	C0033414
27876080	1750	1766	ovarian response	T042	C1254358
27876080	1770	1780	increasing	T169	C0442808
27876080	1785	1795	expression	T045	C1171362
27876080	1799	1803	Cx37	T116,T123	C3883963
27876080	1807	1815	follicle	T023	C0018120
27876080	1817	1825	Androgen	T121,T125	C0002844
27876080	1853	1869	ovarian response	T042	C1254358
27876080	1882	1892	AR pathway	T044	C1155499
27876080	1897	1911	non-AR pathway	T044	C0037080

27876084|t|A trial to determine whether septic shock - reversal is quicker in pediatric patients randomized to an early goal-directed fluid-sparing strategy versus usual care (SQUEEZE): study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial
27876084|a|Current pediatric septic shock resuscitation guidelines from the American College of Critical Care Medicine focus on the early and goal-directed administration of intravascular fluid followed by vasoactive medication infusions for persistent and fluid-refractory shock. However, accumulating adult and pediatric data suggest that excessive fluid administration is associated with worse patient outcomes and even increased risk of death. The optimal amount of intravascular fluid required in early pediatric septic shock resuscitation prior to the initiation of vasoactive support remains unanswered. The SQUEEZE Pilot Trial is a pragmatic, two-arm, parallel-group, open-label, prospective pilot randomized controlled trial. Participants are children aged 29 days to under 18 years with suspected or confirmed septic shock and a need for ongoing resuscitation. Eligible participants are enrolled under an exception to consent process and randomly assigned via concealed allocation to either the Usual Care (control) or Fluid Sparing (intervention) resuscitation strategy. The primary objective of this pilot trial is to determine feasibility, based on the ability to enroll participants and to adhere to the study protocol. The primary outcome measure by which success will be determined is participant enrollment rate ("pass" defined as at least two participants / site / month, recognizing that enrollment may be slower during the run-in phase). Secondary objectives include assessing (1) appropriateness of eligibility criteria, and (2) completeness of clinical outcomes to inform the endpoints for the planned multisite trial. To support the nested translational study, SQUEEZE-D, we will also evaluate the feasibility of describing cell-free DNA (a procoagulant molecule with prognostic utility) in blood samples obtained from children enrolled into the SQUEEZE Pilot Trial at baseline and at 24 h. The optimal degree of fluid resuscitation and the timing of initiation of vasoactive support in order to achieve recommended therapeutic targets in children with septic shock remains unanswered. No prospective study to date has examined this important question for children in developed countries including Canada. Recruitment for the SQUEEZE Pilot Trial opened on 6 January 2014. Findings will inform the feasibility of the planned multicenter trial to answer our overall research question. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01973907, registered on 23 October 2013.
27876084	2	7	trial	T062	C0008976
27876084	29	41	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27876084	44	52	reversal	T169	C0443290
27876084	56	63	quicker	T080	C0456962
27876084	67	76	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27876084	77	85	patients	T101	C0030705
27876084	86	96	randomized	T062	C0034656
27876084	103	108	early	T079	C1279919
27876084	109	145	goal-directed fluid-sparing strategy	T061	C1271494
27876084	153	163	usual care	T058	C0511425
27876084	165	172	SQUEEZE	T062	C0008976
27876084	175	189	study protocol	T170	C2348563
27876084	196	229	pilot randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27876084	230	237	Current	T079	C0521116
27876084	238	247	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27876084	248	260	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27876084	261	274	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
27876084	275	285	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27876084	295	337	American College of Critical Care Medicine	T093	C1708333
27876084	351	356	early	T079	C1279919
27876084	361	389	goal-directed administration	T061	C1271494
27876084	393	406	intravascular	T082	C0442123
27876084	407	412	fluid	T031	C0005889
27876084	425	435	vasoactive	T080	C1980011
27876084	436	446	medication	T121	C0013227
27876084	447	456	infusions	T061	C0574032
27876084	461	471	persistent	T079	C0205322
27876084	476	498	fluid-refractory shock	T047	C0349412
27876084	509	521	accumulating	T033	C4055506
27876084	522	527	adult	T100	C0001675
27876084	532	541	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27876084	542	546	data	T078	C1511726
27876084	560	569	excessive	T080	C0442802
27876084	570	590	fluid administration	T061	C0522792
27876084	610	615	worse	T033	C1457868
27876084	616	623	patient	T101	C0030705
27876084	624	632	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27876084	642	665	increased risk of death	T033	C2749787
27876084	671	685	optimal amount	T081	C1265611
27876084	689	702	intravascular	T082	C0442123
27876084	703	708	fluid	T031	C0005889
27876084	721	726	early	T079	C1279919
27876084	727	736	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27876084	737	749	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27876084	750	763	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
27876084	777	787	initiation	T169	C1704686
27876084	791	809	vasoactive support	T080	C1980011
27876084	834	853	SQUEEZE Pilot Trial	T062	C0008976
27876084	859	868	pragmatic	T054	C0871858
27876084	870	877	two-arm	T062	C0242481
27876084	879	893	parallel-group	T062	C2826345
27876084	895	905	open-label	T062	C1709323
27876084	907	952	prospective pilot randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27876084	954	966	Participants	T098	C0679646
27876084	971	979	children	T100	C0008059
27876084	980	984	aged	T032	C0001779
27876084	988	992	days	T079	C0439228
27876084	1005	1010	years	T079	C0439234
27876084	1016	1025	suspected	T078	C0750491
27876084	1029	1038	confirmed	T033	C0750484
27876084	1039	1051	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27876084	1075	1088	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
27876084	1099	1111	participants	T098	C0679646
27876084	1116	1124	enrolled	T058	C1516879
27876084	1134	1143	exception	T077	C1705847
27876084	1147	1154	consent	T169	C1511481
27876084	1155	1162	process	T067	C1522240
27876084	1167	1175	randomly	T080	C0439605
27876084	1176	1184	assigned	T169	C1516050
27876084	1189	1198	concealed	T080	C0443189
27876084	1199	1209	allocation	T052	C1706778
27876084	1224	1234	Usual Care	T058	C0511425
27876084	1236	1243	control	T096	C0009932
27876084	1248	1299	Fluid Sparing (intervention) resuscitation strategy	T061	C0035273
27876084	1305	1312	primary	T080	C0205225
27876084	1313	1322	objective	T170	C0018017
27876084	1331	1342	pilot trial	T062	C0008976
27876084	1359	1370	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27876084	1396	1402	enroll	T058	C1516879
27876084	1403	1415	participants	T098	C0679646
27876084	1437	1451	study protocol	T170	C2348563
27876084	1457	1480	primary outcome measure	T080	C3274433
27876084	1490	1497	success	T080	C0679864
27876084	1520	1531	participant	T098	C0679646
27876084	1532	1542	enrollment	T058	C1516879
27876084	1543	1547	rate	T081	C1521828
27876084	1580	1592	participants	T098	C0679646
27876084	1595	1599	site	T082	C0205145
27876084	1602	1607	month	T079	C0439231
27876084	1626	1636	enrollment	T058	C1516879
27876084	1687	1697	objectives	T170	C0018017
27876084	1720	1735	appropriateness	T080	C0814634
27876084	1739	1759	eligibility criteria	T080	C1516637
27876084	1769	1781	completeness	T080	C0439812
27876084	1785	1802	clinical outcomes	T169	C1274040
27876084	1817	1826	endpoints	T080	C2349179
27876084	1835	1842	planned	T169	C1301732
27876084	1843	1858	multisite trial	T062	C0206012
27876084	1875	1901	nested translational study	T062	C0008972
27876084	1903	1912	SQUEEZE-D	T062	C0008972
27876084	1940	1951	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27876084	1966	1979	cell-free DNA	T114	C4289789
27876084	1983	2004	procoagulant molecule	T116,T123	C1292267
27876084	2010	2028	prognostic utility	T170	C0220901
27876084	2033	2046	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27876084	2061	2069	children	T100	C0008059
27876084	2070	2078	enrolled	T058	C1516879
27876084	2088	2107	SQUEEZE Pilot Trial	T062	C0008976
27876084	2111	2119	baseline	T081	C1442488
27876084	2145	2151	degree	T081	C0449286
27876084	2155	2160	fluid	T031	C0005889
27876084	2161	2174	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
27876084	2183	2189	timing	T079	C0449243
27876084	2193	2203	initiation	T169	C1704686
27876084	2207	2225	vasoactive support	T080	C1980011
27876084	2258	2269	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27876084	2270	2277	targets	T169	C1521840
27876084	2281	2289	children	T100	C0008059
27876084	2295	2307	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27876084	2331	2348	prospective study	T062	C0033522
27876084	2352	2356	date	T079	C0011008
27876084	2385	2393	question	T170	C1522634
27876084	2398	2406	children	T100	C0008059
27876084	2410	2429	developed countries	T080	C0282613
27876084	2440	2446	Canada	T083	C0006823
27876084	2448	2459	Recruitment	T052	C2949735
27876084	2468	2487	SQUEEZE Pilot Trial	T062	C0008976
27876084	2488	2494	opened	T033	C3483819
27876084	2514	2522	Findings	T033	C0243095
27876084	2539	2550	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27876084	2558	2565	planned	T169	C1301732
27876084	2566	2583	multicenter trial	T062	C0206012
27876084	2598	2605	overall	T080	C1561607
27876084	2606	2623	research question	T078	C0681799

27876145|t|Entropy-driven reactions in living cells for assay let-7a microRNA
27876145|a|Imaging of microRNA (miRNA) in living cells could facilitate the monitoring of the expression and distribution of miRNA and research on miRNA -related diseases. Given the low expression levels and even down-regulation of cellular miRNA that is associated with some diseases, enzyme - free amplification strategies are imperative for intracellular miRNA assay. In this work, we report an entropy-driven reaction for amplification assay miRNA with a detection limit of 0.27 pM. The resulting signal amplification provides excellent recognition and signal enhancement of specific miRNA s in living cells. This method supplies accurate information regarding cellular miRNA -related biological events and provides a new tool for highly sensitive and simultaneous imaging of multiple low-level biomarkers, thereby improving the accuracy of early disease diagnosis.
27876145	0	24	Entropy-driven reactions	T169	C0443286
27876145	28	34	living	T078	C0376558
27876145	35	40	cells	T025	C0007634
27876145	45	50	assay	T059	C1510438
27876145	51	66	let-7a microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27876145	67	74	Imaging	T060	C0079595
27876145	78	86	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27876145	88	93	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27876145	98	104	living	T078	C0376558
27876145	105	110	cells	T025	C0007634
27876145	132	142	monitoring	T057	C0005517
27876145	150	160	expression	T045	C0017262
27876145	165	177	distribution	T169	C1704711
27876145	181	186	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27876145	191	199	research	T062	C0035168
27876145	203	208	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27876145	218	226	diseases	T047	C0012634
27876145	242	259	expression levels	T081	C3244092
27876145	269	284	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
27876145	288	296	cellular	T025	C0007634
27876145	297	302	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27876145	311	326	associated with	T080	C0332281
27876145	332	340	diseases	T047	C0012634
27876145	342	348	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27876145	351	355	free	T169	C0332296
27876145	356	380	amplification strategies	T063	C0887815
27876145	400	413	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27876145	414	419	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27876145	420	425	assay	T059	C1510438
27876145	454	477	entropy-driven reaction	T169	C0443286
27876145	482	495	amplification	T063	C0887815
27876145	496	501	assay	T059	C1510438
27876145	502	507	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27876145	515	530	detection limit	T081	C2718050
27876145	557	563	signal	T067	C1710082
27876145	564	577	amplification	T067	C1521871
27876145	613	619	signal	T067	C1710082
27876145	620	631	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27876145	635	643	specific	T080	C0205369
27876145	644	649	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27876145	655	661	living	T078	C0376558
27876145	662	667	cells	T025	C0007634
27876145	690	698	accurate	T080	C0443131
27876145	699	710	information	T078	C1533716
27876145	721	729	cellular	T025	C0007634
27876145	730	735	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27876145	745	762	biological events	T038	C3714634
27876145	791	807	highly sensitive	T080	C0439822
27876145	812	824	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27876145	825	832	imaging	T060	C0079595
27876145	836	844	multiple	T081	C0439064
27876145	855	865	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27876145	889	897	accuracy	T080	C0598285
27876145	901	924	early disease diagnosis	T060	C0596473

27876369|t|Multi-component model of intramural hematoma
27876369|a|A novel multi-component model is introduced for studying interaction between blood flow and deforming aortic wall with intramural hematoma (IMH). The aortic wall is simulated by a composite structure submodel representing material properties of the three main wall layers. The IMH is described by a poroelasticity submodel which takes into account both the pressure inside hematoma and its deformation. The submodel of the hematoma is fully coupled with the aortic submodel as well as with the submodel of the pulsatile blood flow. Model simulations are used to investigate the relation between the peak wall stress, hematoma thickness and permeability in patients of different age. The results indicate that an increase in hematoma thickness leads to larger wall stress, which is in agreement with clinical data. Further simulations demonstrate that a hematoma with smaller permeability results in larger wall stress, suggesting that blood coagulation in hematoma might increase its mechanical stability. This is in agreement with previous experimental observations of coagulation having a beneficial effect on the condition of a patient with the IMH.
27876369	0	21	Multi-component model	T075	C0026339
27876369	25	44	intramural hematoma	T046	C0333200
27876369	53	74	multi-component model	T075	C0026339
27876369	93	101	studying	T062	C2603343
27876369	102	113	interaction	T169	C1704675
27876369	122	132	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27876369	137	146	deforming	T033	C1562006
27876369	147	158	aortic wall	T023	C0507851
27876369	164	183	intramural hematoma	T046	C0333200
27876369	185	188	IMH	T046	C0333200
27876369	195	206	aortic wall	T023	C0507851
27876369	210	219	simulated	T062	C0679083
27876369	225	253	composite structure submodel	T075	C0026339
27876369	267	286	material properties	T080	C0205556
27876369	305	316	wall layers	T023	C0934502
27876369	322	325	IMH	T046	C0333200
27876369	344	367	poroelasticity submodel	T075	C0026339
27876369	402	410	pressure	T070	C0001876
27876369	418	426	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27876369	435	446	deformation	T033	C1562006
27876369	452	460	submodel	T075	C0026339
27876369	468	476	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27876369	503	518	aortic submodel	T075	C0026339
27876369	539	547	submodel	T075	C0026339
27876369	555	575	pulsatile blood flow	T067	C0034106
27876369	577	594	Model simulations	T062	C0679083
27876369	607	618	investigate	T169	C1292732
27876369	662	670	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27876369	685	697	permeability	T070	C0031164
27876369	701	709	patients	T101	C0030705
27876369	723	726	age	T032	C0001779
27876369	769	777	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27876369	804	815	wall stress	T033	C0038435
27876369	844	857	clinical data	T170	C1516606
27876369	867	878	simulations	T062	C0679083
27876369	898	906	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27876369	920	932	permeability	T070	C0031164
27876369	951	962	wall stress	T033	C0038435
27876369	980	997	blood coagulation	T042	C0005778
27876369	1001	1009	hematoma	T046	C0018944
27876369	1029	1049	mechanical stability	T033	C0243095
27876369	1086	1098	experimental	T080	C1517586
27876369	1099	1111	observations	T062	C0302523
27876369	1115	1126	coagulation	T042	C0005778
27876369	1136	1153	beneficial effect	T080	C1280500
27876369	1176	1183	patient	T101	C0030705
27876369	1193	1196	IMH	T046	C0333200

27876450|t|Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: a case report
27876450|a|Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a rare variant of bile duct tumors, characterized by papillary growth within the bile duct lumen and is regarded as a biliary counterpart of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas. IPNBs are mainly found in patients from Far Eastern areas, where hepatolithiasis and clonorchiasis are endemic. The Western experience, however, remains limited. In this article, we report a 56-year-old man, referred to our hospital because of deranged liver function tests. Further imaging modalities showed a cystic lesion of 9 cm diameter, arising from the left hepatic duct. Inlying was a heterogeneous, lobulated mass. The patient underwent a left hemihepatectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Despite recent advanced technologies, diagnosis of IPNB is still challenging, especially in western countries due to its rarity. Early identification and resection of lesions, even in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients, are however important prognostic factors.
27876450	0	30	Intraductal papillary neoplasm	T191	C1879344
27876450	38	47	bile duct	T023	C0005400
27876450	51	62	case report	T170	C0085973
27876450	101	110	bile duct	T023	C0005400
27876450	112	116	IPNB	T191	C1879344
27876450	123	127	rare	T080	C0522498
27876450	128	135	variant	T080	C0205419
27876450	139	155	bile duct tumors	T191	C0005396
27876450	174	183	papillary	T080	C0205312
27876450	184	190	growth	T040	C0018270
27876450	202	217	bile duct lumen	T030	C2333290
27876450	239	246	biliary	T169	C0521378
27876450	262	301	intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm	T191	C3160815
27876450	303	307	IPMN	T191	C3160815
27876450	316	324	pancreas	T023	C0030274
27876450	326	331	IPNBs	T191	C1879344
27876450	352	360	patients	T101	C0030705
27876450	366	383	Far Eastern areas	T083	C0015631
27876450	391	406	hepatolithiasis	T047	C0574143
27876450	411	424	clonorchiasis	T047	C0009021
27876450	429	436	endemic	T047	C0277550
27876450	442	449	Western	UnknownType	C0681784
27876450	450	460	experience	T041	C0596545
27876450	517	528	56-year-old	T100	C0027362
27876450	529	532	man	T032	C0086582
27876450	534	542	referred	T169	C0205543
27876450	550	558	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27876450	570	599	deranged liver function tests	T033	C0857338
27876450	609	627	imaging modalities	T169	C1275506
27876450	637	650	cystic lesion	T033	C1511606
27876450	669	681	arising from	T082	C0332285
27876450	686	703	left hepatic duct	T023	C0227560
27876450	719	732	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27876450	734	748	lobulated mass	T033	C0577559
27876450	754	761	patient	T101	C0030705
27876450	774	794	left hemihepatectomy	T061	C0400436
27876450	799	820	adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
27876450	860	869	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27876450	873	877	IPNB	T191	C1879344
27876450	914	931	western countries	UnknownType	C0681784
27876450	932	938	due to	T169	C0678226
27876450	943	949	rarity	T080	C0522498
27876450	951	971	Early identification	T061	C0814435
27876450	976	985	resection	T061	C0015252
27876450	989	996	lesions	T033	C0221198
27876450	1006	1018	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
27876450	1022	1031	minimally	T080	C2945599
27876450	1032	1043	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27876450	1044	1052	patients	T101	C0030705
27876450	1066	1075	important	T080	C3898777
27876450	1076	1094	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474

27876505|t|Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: A SEER Database Analysis
27876505|a|Scarce evidence exists regarding the management of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder. This study assessed the epidemiologic and treatment trends of SCC of the bladder. Cases of SCC of the bladder, diagnosed from 1973 to 2013, were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The incidence of SCC of the bladder with respect to time was assessed using the SEER United States population dataset. Relevant baseline characteristics were reported whenever available. Propensity-score matching for nonmetastatic patients receiving or not receiving radical surgery was then performed considering baseline characteristics. Survival analysis in the post - matching cohort was then evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. A total of 5018 patients were identified. The median age group was 70 to 75 years. The incidence of bladder SCC has decreased during the period from 1973 to 2013 (P < .05). For the post - matching cohort, there was a statistically significant difference in cancer - specific and overall survival favoring the radical surgery group compared with radiation therapy or no treatment group (P < .0001 for both endpoints). The overall survival benefit was consistent regardless of the SEER stage (localized or regional). In multivariate analysis of the matched population, radical surgery, less advanced SEER summary stage, and age less than 70 years were associated with a better overall survival. This analysis suggests that for nonmetastatic SCC of the bladder, radical surgery achieves better outcomes compared with radiation therapy. Prospective trials to evaluate formal multimodality bladder -preserving protocols in this histologic subtype are needed.
27876505	0	23	Squamous Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0007137
27876505	31	38	Bladder	T023	C0005682
27876505	42	46	SEER	T093	C0242638
27876505	47	55	Database	T170	C0242356
27876505	116	139	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
27876505	141	144	SCC	T191	C0007137
27876505	153	160	bladder	T023	C0005682
27876505	186	199	epidemiologic	T169	C0014508
27876505	204	220	treatment trends	T169	C0039798
27876505	224	227	SCC	T191	C0007137
27876505	235	242	bladder	T023	C0005682
27876505	253	256	SCC	T191	C0007137
27876505	264	271	bladder	T023	C0005682
27876505	273	282	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27876505	327	370	Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results	T093	C0242638
27876505	372	376	SEER	T093	C0242638
27876505	405	408	SCC	T191	C0007137
27876505	416	423	bladder	T023	C0005682
27876505	468	472	SEER	T093	C0242638
27876505	473	486	United States	T083	C0041703
27876505	487	497	population	T081	C0032659
27876505	498	505	dataset	T170	C0150098
27876505	516	540	baseline characteristics	T033	C1290922
27876505	575	591	Propensity-score	T081	C2718044
27876505	605	618	nonmetastatic	T080	C1518409
27876505	619	627	patients	T101	C1516213
27876505	641	654	not receiving	T033	C0746919
27876505	655	670	radical surgery	T061	C0332316
27876505	702	726	baseline characteristics	T033	C1290922
27876505	728	745	Survival analysis	T062	C0038953
27876505	753	757	post	T079	C0687676
27876505	760	768	matching	T080	C1708943
27876505	801	822	Kaplan-Meier analyses	T081	C1720943
27876505	840	848	patients	T101	C1516213
27876505	870	880	median age	T098	C2348001
27876505	924	931	bladder	T023	C0005682
27876505	932	935	SCC	T191	C0007137
27876505	1005	1009	post	T079	C0687676
27876505	1012	1020	matching	T080	C1708943
27876505	1041	1066	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27876505	1081	1087	cancer	T191	C0007137
27876505	1090	1098	specific	T080	C0205369
27876505	1103	1119	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27876505	1133	1148	radical surgery	T061	C0332316
27876505	1169	1186	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
27876505	1190	1202	no treatment	T033	C0746919
27876505	1245	1261	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27876505	1262	1269	benefit	T081	C0814225
27876505	1303	1307	SEER	T093	C0242638
27876505	1315	1324	localized	T082	C0392752
27876505	1328	1336	regional	T082	C0205147
27876505	1342	1363	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27876505	1391	1406	radical surgery	T061	C0332316
27876505	1422	1426	SEER	T093	C0242638
27876505	1499	1515	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27876505	1549	1562	nonmetastatic	T080	C1518409
27876505	1563	1566	SCC	T191	C0007137
27876505	1574	1581	bladder	T023	C0005682
27876505	1583	1598	radical surgery	T061	C0332316
27876505	1638	1655	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
27876505	1657	1675	Prospective trials	T062	C0033522
27876505	1695	1708	multimodality	T061	C0920597
27876505	1709	1716	bladder	T023	C0005682
27876505	1747	1765	histologic subtype	T191	C0027652

27876534|t|Transcranial magnetic stimulation modifies astrocytosis, cell density and lipopolysaccharide levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
27876534|a|Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is considered a valid experimental model for multiple sclerosis, a chronic neuroinflammatory condition of the central nervous system. Additionally, some evidence has shown that some microbial products such as the bacterial lipopolysaccharide could lead to the activation of reactive immune cells, triggering neuroinflammation. Several studies have found that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may exert a neuroprotective effect. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effect of TMS on the neuroinflammation occurring in EAE. A total of 44 male Dark Agouti rats were used. EAE induction was performed administering subcutaneously at the dorsal base of the tail a single dose of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Clinical evaluation of motor symptoms was performed. Brain and spinal cord were collected and analyzed for nitric oxide, bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. We also carried out a histologic exam, which included an astrocyte immunostaining and Nissl staining for the assessment of brain cell density and pyknotic nuclei. TMS effectively ameliorated motor impairment secondary to EAE. This form of magnetic field was capable of decreasing the proliferation of astrocytes as a response to the autoimmune attack, reducing the content of nitric oxide, bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein in central nervous system. Moreover, in treated animals, brain cell density was improved and the number of pyknotic nuclei was decreased. Transcranial magnetic stimulation modifies astrocytosis, cell density and lipopolysaccharide levels in EAE. These results suggest that TMS could be a promising treatment for neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis.
27876534	0	33	Transcranial magnetic stimulation	T061	C0436548
27876534	34	42	modifies	T169	C0392747
27876534	43	55	astrocytosis	T046	C3887640
27876534	57	69	cell density	T081	C0162339
27876534	74	92	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27876534	93	99	levels	T080	C0441889
27876534	103	144	experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	T050	C0014072
27876534	145	186	Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	T050	C0014072
27876534	188	191	EAE	T050	C0014072
27876534	209	233	valid experimental model	T170	C0086272
27876534	238	256	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
27876534	260	295	chronic neuroinflammatory condition	T046	C0021368
27876534	303	325	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27876534	346	354	evidence	T078	C3887511
27876534	375	384	microbial	T001	C0599840
27876534	385	393	products	T071	C1514468
27876534	406	434	bacterial lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27876534	453	488	activation of reactive immune cells	T043	C1155000
27876534	490	500	triggering	T201	C0032930
27876534	501	518	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
27876534	528	535	studies	T062	C2603343
27876534	552	585	transcranial magnetic stimulation	T061	C0436548
27876534	587	590	TMS	T061	C0436548
27876534	596	601	exert	T040	C0015264
27876534	604	626	neuroprotective effect	T169	C0815279
27876534	651	657	assess	T058	C0184514
27876534	662	668	effect	T080	C1280500
27876534	672	675	TMS	T061	C0436548
27876534	683	700	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
27876534	714	717	EAE	T050	C0014072
27876534	733	737	male	T032	C0086582
27876534	738	754	Dark Agouti rats	T015	C0086893
27876534	766	769	EAE	T050	C0014072
27876534	770	779	induction	T169	C0205263
27876534	794	822	administering subcutaneously	T058	C4032485
27876534	830	853	dorsal base of the tail	T023	C3686729
27876534	856	867	single dose	T081	C0178602
27876534	871	906	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0069428
27876534	908	927	Clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
27876534	931	945	motor symptoms	T184	C0426980
27876534	961	982	Brain and spinal cord	T023	C0545988
27876534	988	997	collected	T169	C1516698
27876534	1002	1010	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27876534	1015	1027	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27876534	1029	1038	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27876534	1039	1057	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27876534	1062	1096	lipopolysaccharide-binding protein	T116,T123	C0065054
27876534	1120	1135	histologic exam	T059	C0019637
27876534	1155	1164	astrocyte	T025	C0004112
27876534	1165	1179	immunostaining	T059	C0487602
27876534	1184	1198	Nissl staining	T059	C0487602
27876534	1207	1217	assessment	T058	C0184514
27876534	1221	1226	brain	T023	C0006104
27876534	1227	1239	cell density	T081	C0162339
27876534	1244	1259	pyknotic nuclei	T026	C0007610
27876534	1261	1264	TMS	T061	C0436548
27876534	1265	1276	effectively	T080	C1704419
27876534	1289	1294	motor	T038	C0234130
27876534	1295	1305	impairment	T169	C0221099
27876534	1306	1318	secondary to	T080	C0175668
27876534	1319	1322	EAE	T050	C0014072
27876534	1337	1351	magnetic field	T070	C0563533
27876534	1367	1377	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27876534	1382	1395	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27876534	1399	1409	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
27876534	1431	1448	autoimmune attack	T046	C0443146
27876534	1450	1458	reducing	T080	C0392756
27876534	1474	1486	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27876534	1488	1497	bacterial	T080	C0521009
27876534	1498	1516	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27876534	1521	1555	lipopolysaccharide-binding protein	T116,T123	C0065054
27876534	1559	1581	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27876534	1596	1603	treated	T169	C1522326
27876534	1604	1611	animals	T008	C0003062
27876534	1613	1618	brain	T023	C0006104
27876534	1619	1631	cell density	T081	C0162339
27876534	1636	1644	improved	T033	C0184511
27876534	1663	1678	pyknotic nuclei	T026	C0007610
27876534	1683	1692	decreased	T081	C0205216
27876534	1694	1727	Transcranial magnetic stimulation	T061	C0436548
27876534	1728	1736	modifies	T169	C0392747
27876534	1737	1749	astrocytosis	T046	C3887640
27876534	1751	1763	cell density	T081	C0162339
27876534	1768	1786	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27876534	1787	1793	levels	T080	C0441889
27876534	1797	1800	EAE	T050	C0014072
27876534	1829	1832	TMS	T061	C0436548
27876534	1844	1863	promising treatment	T061	C0087111
27876534	1868	1896	neuroinflammatory conditions	T046	C0021368
27876534	1905	1923	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769

27876598|t|Antithrombotic activity of Batroxase, a metalloprotease from Bothrops atrox venom, in a model of venous thrombosis
27876598|a|Snake venoms are great sources of bioactive molecules, which may be used as models for new drugs. Toxins that interfere in hemostasis have received considerable attention over the years. This study aimed at the evaluation of the antithrombotic activity of Batroxase, a P-I metalloprotease from Bothrops atrox venom, in an animal model of venous thrombosis. The antithrombotic activity of Batroxase was tested in vivo in a model based on two factors of the Virchow's Triad: blood flow alterations (partial stenosis of the inferior vena cava), and vessel wall injury (10% ferric chloride for 5min), in comparison with sodium heparin (positive control) and saline (negative control). Bleeding / clotting time was assessed by a tail bleeding assay. The immunogenicity of Batroxase was also analyzed. Batroxase (12mg/kg) reduced thrombus formation in 81%, similarly to heparin (100U/kg), which reduced it in 85% in comparison with the saline group. Both Batroxase and heparin increased bleeding / clotting time in approximately 3 fold. Immunizations of rabbits with Batroxase do not result in detectable levels of antibodies against this metalloprotease. Batroxase presents antithrombotic activity in vivo. Moreover, its lack of immunogenicity increases the interest on its possible therapeutic potential over thrombogenic disorders.
27876598	0	23	Antithrombotic activity	T033	C0243095
27876598	27	36	Batroxase	T116,T126,T131	C4278231
27876598	40	55	metalloprotease	T116,T126	C0025543
27876598	61	81	Bothrops atrox venom	T109,T121	C4033446
27876598	88	93	model	T008	C0599779
27876598	97	114	venous thrombosis	T046	C0042487
27876598	115	127	Snake venoms	T123,T131	C0037380
27876598	149	168	bioactive molecules	T167	C3714412
27876598	191	197	models	T170	C3161035
27876598	206	211	drugs	T121	C0013227
27876598	213	219	Toxins	T123,T131	C0040549
27876598	238	248	hemostasis	T047	C0005779
27876598	295	300	years	T079	C0439234
27876598	307	312	study	T062	C2603343
27876598	326	336	evaluation	T078	C1550157
27876598	344	367	antithrombotic activity	T033	C0243095
27876598	371	380	Batroxase	T116,T126,T131	C4278231
27876598	384	403	P-I metalloprotease	T116,T126	C0025543
27876598	409	429	Bothrops atrox venom	T109,T121	C4033446
27876598	437	449	animal model	T008	C0599779
27876598	453	470	venous thrombosis	T046	C0042487
27876598	476	499	antithrombotic activity	T033	C0243095
27876598	503	512	Batroxase	T116,T126,T131	C4278231
27876598	524	531	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27876598	537	542	model	T008	C0599779
27876598	556	563	factors	T169	C1521761
27876598	571	586	Virchow's Triad	T170	C0282574
27876598	588	598	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27876598	612	628	partial stenosis	T020	C0333183
27876598	636	654	inferior vena cava	T023	C0042458
27876598	661	672	vessel wall	T023	C0229962
27876598	673	679	injury	T037	C0178314
27876598	685	700	ferric chloride	T121,T197	C0060229
27876598	731	745	sodium heparin	T109,T121	C0037513
27876598	747	763	positive control	T077	C1883676
27876598	769	775	saline	T167	C0036082
27876598	777	793	negative control	T077	C1947986
27876598	796	804	Bleeding	T201	C0550585
27876598	807	820	clotting time	T034	C2266672
27876598	844	858	bleeding assay	T046	C0019080
27876598	864	878	immunogenicity	T044	C1148560
27876598	882	891	Batroxase	T116,T126,T131	C4278231
27876598	911	920	Batroxase	T116,T126,T131	C4278231
27876598	939	957	thrombus formation	T033	C0243095
27876598	979	986	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27876598	1045	1051	saline	T167	C0036082
27876598	1052	1057	group	T078	C0441833
27876598	1064	1073	Batroxase	T116,T126,T131	C4278231
27876598	1078	1085	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27876598	1096	1104	bleeding	T201	C0550585
27876598	1107	1120	clotting time	T034	C2266672
27876598	1146	1159	Immunizations	T061	C0020971
27876598	1163	1170	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27876598	1176	1185	Batroxase	T116,T126,T131	C4278231
27876598	1214	1220	levels	T080	C0441889
27876598	1224	1234	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27876598	1248	1263	metalloprotease	T116,T126	C0025543
27876598	1265	1274	Batroxase	T116,T126,T131	C4278231
27876598	1284	1307	antithrombotic activity	T033	C0243095
27876598	1308	1315	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27876598	1339	1353	immunogenicity	T044	C1148560
27876598	1393	1414	therapeutic potential	T080	C0205556
27876598	1420	1442	thrombogenic disorders	T047	C0012634

27877221|t|The Impact of Diabetes on the Risk of Prostate Cancer Development according to Body Mass Index: A 10-year Nationwide Cohort Study
27877221|a|Purpose: We examined the association between obesity and prostate cancer both with and without diabetic patients included in the analysis using nationally representative data of the Korean population from the National Health Insurance System (NHIS). Materials and Methods: Of the 424,712 participants who underwent health examinations in 2002-2008, 139,519 men ≥40 years old and without prostate cancer were followed from the beginning of 2002 to the end of 2012. Multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis was conducted to examine the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between prostate cancer and body mass index (BMI) both with and without diabetes. Results: The HR for prostate cancer according to the existence of diabetes was stratified by BMI in both age - and multivariable-adjusted models. In the population without diabetes, the HR for prostate cancer significantly increased as BMI increased beyond the reference range in a model adjusted for age and multiple variables; however, the increase in the HR was small. In the population with diabetes, the HR for prostate cancer significantly increased as BMI increased from < 18.5 kg/m(2) to within the reference range (18.5 to 22.9) in the multivariable-adjusted model. In addition, a marked decrease in HR in the population with BMI of < 18.5 kg/m(2) was seen compared to the reference or higher BMI population. Conclusion: This population -based study shows the evidence of association between obesity and development of prostate cancer, and the risk increases vary according to the change of BMI category and the existence of diabetes.
27877221	4	13	Impact of	T080	C4049986
27877221	14	22	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
27877221	30	34	Risk	T078	C0035647
27877221	38	53	Prostate Cancer	T191	C0376358
27877221	54	65	Development	T169	C1527148
27877221	79	94	Body Mass Index	T201	C1305855
27877221	117	129	Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27877221	175	182	obesity	T047	C0028754
27877221	187	202	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27877221	217	224	without	T080	C0332288
27877221	225	233	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27877221	234	242	patients	T101	C0030705
27877221	300	304	data	T078	C1511726
27877221	312	329	Korean population	T098	C1556095
27877221	339	371	National Health Insurance System	T058	C0027452
27877221	373	377	NHIS	T058	C0027452
27877221	418	430	participants	T098	C0679646
27877221	445	464	health examinations	T061	C0260135
27877221	487	504	men ≥40 years old	T098	C0025266
27877221	509	516	without	T080	C0332288
27877221	517	532	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27877221	594	615	Multivariate adjusted	T081	C0026777
27877221	616	639	Cox regression analysis	T081,T170	C0010235
27877221	669	681	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27877221	683	685	HR	T081	C2985465
27877221	695	714	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27877221	716	718	CI	T081	C0009667
27877221	748	763	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27877221	768	783	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27877221	785	788	BMI	T201	C1305855
27877221	804	811	without	T080	C0332288
27877221	812	820	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27877221	835	837	HR	T081	C2985465
27877221	842	857	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27877221	888	896	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27877221	901	911	stratified	T080	C0205363
27877221	915	918	BMI	T201	C1305855
27877221	927	930	age	T032	C0001779
27877221	937	966	multivariable-adjusted models	T081	C0026777
27877221	975	985	population	T098	C1257890
27877221	986	993	without	T080	C0332288
27877221	994	1002	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27877221	1008	1010	HR	T081	C2985465
27877221	1015	1030	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27877221	1031	1054	significantly increased	T081	C0205217
27877221	1058	1061	BMI	T201	C1305855
27877221	1104	1149	model adjusted for age and multiple variables	T081	C0026777
27877221	1180	1182	HR	T081	C2985465
27877221	1201	1211	population	T098	C1257890
27877221	1217	1225	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27877221	1231	1233	HR	T081	C2985465
27877221	1238	1253	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27877221	1254	1277	significantly increased	T081	C0205217
27877221	1281	1284	BMI	T201	C1305855
27877221	1367	1395	multivariable-adjusted model	T081	C0026777
27877221	1412	1427	marked decrease	T081	C0547047
27877221	1431	1433	HR	T081	C2985465
27877221	1441	1451	population	T098	C1257890
27877221	1457	1460	BMI	T201	C1305855
27877221	1524	1527	BMI	T201	C1305855
27877221	1528	1538	population	T098	C1257890
27877221	1557	1567	population	T098	C1257890
27877221	1623	1630	obesity	T047	C0028754
27877221	1635	1646	development	T169	C1527148
27877221	1650	1665	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27877221	1675	1689	risk increases	T033	C0332167
27877221	1722	1725	BMI	T201	C1305855
27877221	1756	1764	diabetes	T047	C0011847

27878205|t|Iterative Development and Evaluation of a Pharmacogenomic -Guided Clinical Decision Support System for Warfarin Dosing
27878205|a|Pharmacogenomic -guided dosing has the potential to improve patient outcomes but its implementation has been met with clinical challenges. Our objective was to develop and evaluate a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for pharmacogenomic -guided warfarin dosing designed for physicians and pharmacists. Twelve physicians and pharmacists completed 6 prescribing tasks using simulated patient scenarios in two iterations (development and validation phases) of a newly developed pharmacogenomic -driven CDSS prototype. For each scenario, usability was measured via efficiency, recorded as time to task completion, and participants ' perceived satisfaction which were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests, respectively. Debrief interviews were conducted and qualitatively analyzed. Usability findings from the first (i.e. development) iteration were incorporated into the CDSS design for the second (i.e. validation) iteration. During the CDSS validation iteration, participants took more time to complete tasks with a median (IQR) of 183 (124-247) seconds versus 101 (73.5-197) seconds in the development iteration (p=0.01). This increase in time on task was due to the increase in time spent in the CDSS corresponding to several design changes. Efficiency differences that were observed between pharmacists and physicians in the development iteration were eliminated in the validation iteration. The increased use of the CDSS corresponded to a greater acceptance of CDSS recommended doses in the validation iteration (4% in the first iteration vs. 37.5% in the second iteration, p<0.001). Overall satisfaction did not change statistically between the iterations but the qualitative analysis revealed greater trust in the second prototype. A pharmacogenomic -guided CDSS has been developed using warfarin as the test drug. The final CDSS prototype was trusted by prescribers and significantly increased the time using the tool and acceptance of the recommended doses. This study is an important step toward incorporating pharmacogenomics into CDSS design for clinical testing.
27878205	0	9	Iterative	T033	C1854293
27878205	10	21	Development	T169	C1527148
27878205	26	36	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27878205	42	57	Pharmacogenomic	T091	C1138555
27878205	66	98	Clinical Decision Support System	T170	C0525070
27878205	103	118	Warfarin Dosing	T081	C0366686
27878205	119	134	Pharmacogenomic	T091	C1138555
27878205	143	149	dosing	T081	C0178602
27878205	179	186	patient	T101	C0030705
27878205	204	218	implementation	T052	C1708476
27878205	237	245	clinical	T080	C0205210
27878205	246	256	challenges	T058	C0805586
27878205	291	299	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27878205	302	334	clinical decision support system	T170	C0525070
27878205	336	340	CDSS	T170	C0525070
27878205	346	361	pharmacogenomic	T091	C1138555
27878205	370	385	warfarin dosing	T081	C0366686
27878205	386	394	designed	T052	C1707689
27878205	399	409	physicians	T097	C0031831
27878205	414	425	pharmacists	T097	C0031323
27878205	434	444	physicians	T097	C0031831
27878205	449	460	pharmacists	T097	C0031323
27878205	473	484	prescribing	T058	C0278329
27878205	485	490	tasks	T057	C3540678
27878205	497	514	simulated patient	T065	C3825675
27878205	515	524	scenarios	T169	C0683579
27878205	532	542	iterations	T033	C1854293
27878205	544	555	development	T169	C1527148
27878205	560	570	validation	T062	C1519941
27878205	571	577	phases	T079	C0205390
27878205	600	615	pharmacogenomic	T091	C1138555
27878205	624	628	CDSS	T170	C0525070
27878205	629	638	prototype	T080	C0205556
27878205	649	657	scenario	T169	C0683579
27878205	659	668	usability	T170	C1510648
27878205	673	681	measured	T080	C0444706
27878205	686	696	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27878205	698	706	recorded	T170	C0034869
27878205	710	733	time to task completion	T201	C1316026
27878205	739	751	participants	T098	C0679646
27878205	754	763	perceived	T041	C0030971
27878205	764	776	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27878205	803	842	Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests	T170	C0282574
27878205	896	918	qualitatively analyzed	T059	C0022885
27878205	920	929	Usability	T170	C1510648
27878205	960	971	development	T169	C1527148
27878205	973	982	iteration	T033	C1854293
27878205	1010	1014	CDSS	T170	C0525070
27878205	1015	1021	design	T052	C1707689
27878205	1030	1036	second	T079	C0457385
27878205	1043	1053	validation	T062	C1519941
27878205	1055	1064	iteration	T033	C1854293
27878205	1077	1081	CDSS	T170	C0525070
27878205	1082	1092	validation	T062	C1519941
27878205	1093	1102	iteration	T033	C1854293
27878205	1104	1116	participants	T098	C0679646
27878205	1127	1149	time to complete tasks	T201	C1316026
27878205	1157	1163	median	T082	C0549183
27878205	1187	1194	seconds	T079	C0457385
27878205	1217	1224	seconds	T079	C0457385
27878205	1232	1243	development	T169	C1527148
27878205	1244	1253	iteration	T033	C1854293
27878205	1269	1277	increase	T169	C0442805
27878205	1281	1293	time on task	T079	C0871530
27878205	1309	1317	increase	T169	C0442805
27878205	1321	1325	time	T079	C0040223
27878205	1339	1343	CDSS	T170	C0525070
27878205	1369	1375	design	T052	C1707689
27878205	1385	1395	Efficiency	T081	C0013682
27878205	1435	1446	pharmacists	T097	C0031323
27878205	1451	1461	physicians	T097	C0031831
27878205	1469	1480	development	T169	C1527148
27878205	1481	1490	iteration	T033	C1854293
27878205	1514	1524	validation	T062	C1519941
27878205	1525	1534	iteration	T033	C1854293
27878205	1540	1549	increased	T081	C0205217
27878205	1561	1565	CDSS	T170	C0525070
27878205	1606	1610	CDSS	T170	C0525070
27878205	1623	1628	doses	T081	C0178602
27878205	1636	1646	validation	T062	C1519941
27878205	1647	1656	iteration	T033	C1854293
27878205	1674	1683	iteration	T033	C1854293
27878205	1701	1707	second	T079	C0457385
27878205	1708	1717	iteration	T033	C1854293
27878205	1737	1749	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27878205	1791	1801	iterations	T033	C1854293
27878205	1810	1830	qualitative analysis	T059	C0022885
27878205	1861	1867	second	T079	C0457385
27878205	1868	1877	prototype	T080	C0205556
27878205	1881	1896	pharmacogenomic	T091	C1138555
27878205	1905	1909	CDSS	T170	C0525070
27878205	1935	1943	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27878205	1956	1960	drug	T121	C1254351
27878205	1972	1976	CDSS	T170	C0525070
27878205	1977	1986	prototype	T080	C0205556
27878205	2032	2041	increased	T081	C0205217
27878205	2046	2050	time	T079	C0040223
27878205	2061	2065	tool	T033	C0871532
27878205	2100	2105	doses	T081	C0178602
27878205	2160	2176	pharmacogenomics	T091	C1138555
27878205	2182	2186	CDSS	T170	C0525070
27878205	2187	2193	design	T052	C1707689
27878205	2198	2214	clinical testing	T062	C1516634

27878992|t|FUSCA3 interacting with LEAFY COTYLEDON2 controls lateral root formation through regulating YUCCA4 gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana
27878992|a|Lateral root (LR) development is a post-embryonic organogenesis event that gives rise to most of the underground parts of higher plants. Auxin promotes LR formation, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still not well understood. We analyzed LR formation induced by FUSCA3 (FUS3), a B3 domain transcription factor, which may function by promoting auxin biosynthesis during this process. We identified FUS3 -interacting proteins that function in LR formation. In addition, we searched for the common targets of both FUS3 and its interacting protein. The role of their interactions in regulating auxin accumulation and LR initiation was examined. We identified LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) as an interacting factor of FUS3, and demonstrated that these two homologous B3 transcription factors interact to bind to the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA4 (YUC4) and synergistically activate its transcription during LR formation. Furthermore, FUS3 expression is activated by LEC2 in LR initiation. The observations indicate that the FUS3 - LEC2 complex functions as a key regulator in auxin -regulated LR formation. The results of this study provide new information for understanding the mechanisms of LR regulation.
27878992	0	6	FUSCA3	T116,T123	C1619888
27878992	24	40	LEAFY COTYLEDON2	T116,T123	C1611037
27878992	41	49	controls	T080	C0243148
27878992	50	72	lateral root formation	T040	C1817571
27878992	81	91	regulating	T045	C0017263
27878992	92	98	YUCCA4	T028	C0017337
27878992	99	114	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27878992	118	138	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
27878992	139	168	Lateral root (LR) development	T040	C1655049
27878992	174	202	post-embryonic organogenesis	T042	C1656560
27878992	252	257	parts	T185	C2698828
27878992	268	274	plants	T002	C0032098
27878992	276	281	Auxin	T109,T123	C0004409
27878992	291	303	LR formation	T040	C1817571
27878992	313	333	molecular mechanisms	T044	C3537153
27878992	351	358	process	T067	C1522240
27878992	402	414	LR formation	T040	C1817571
27878992	415	422	induced	T169	C0205263
27878992	426	432	FUSCA3	T116,T123	C1619888
27878992	434	438	FUS3	T116,T123	C1619888
27878992	443	473	B3 domain transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
27878992	485	493	function	T169	C0542341
27878992	507	525	auxin biosynthesis	T044	C1157303
27878992	538	545	process	T067	C1522240
27878992	550	560	identified	T080	C0205396
27878992	561	565	FUS3	T116,T123	C1619888
27878992	579	587	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27878992	593	601	function	T169	C0542341
27878992	605	617	LR formation	T040	C1817571
27878992	659	666	targets	T169	C1521840
27878992	675	679	FUS3	T116,T123	C1619888
27878992	700	707	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27878992	713	717	role	T077	C1705810
27878992	727	739	interactions	T169	C1704675
27878992	743	753	regulating	T038	C1327622
27878992	754	759	auxin	T109,T123	C0004409
27878992	760	772	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27878992	777	790	LR initiation	T040	C1655049
27878992	808	818	identified	T080	C0205396
27878992	819	835	LEAFY COTYLEDON2	T116,T123	C1611037
27878992	837	841	LEC2	T116,T123	C1611037
27878992	849	867	interacting factor	T116,T123	C0033684
27878992	871	875	FUS3	T116,T123	C1619888
27878992	909	944	homologous B3 transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27878992	969	987	auxin biosynthesis	T044	C1157303
27878992	988	992	gene	T028	C0017337
27878992	993	999	YUCCA4	T028	C0017337
27878992	1001	1005	YUC4	T028	C0017337
27878992	1011	1026	synergistically	T080	C2986495
27878992	1027	1035	activate	T169	C1515877
27878992	1040	1053	transcription	T045	C0040649
27878992	1061	1073	LR formation	T040	C1817571
27878992	1088	1092	FUS3	T116,T123	C1619888
27878992	1093	1103	expression	T045	C1171362
27878992	1107	1116	activated	T052	C1879547
27878992	1120	1124	LEC2	T116,T123	C1611037
27878992	1128	1141	LR initiation	T040	C1655049
27878992	1147	1159	observations	T062	C0302523
27878992	1178	1182	FUS3	T116,T123	C1619888
27878992	1185	1189	LEC2	T116,T123	C1611037
27878992	1190	1197	complex	T116,T123	C1180347
27878992	1198	1207	functions	T169	C0542341
27878992	1217	1226	regulator	T116,T123	C0033684
27878992	1230	1235	auxin	T109,T123	C0004409
27878992	1247	1259	LR formation	T040	C1817571
27878992	1333	1343	mechanisms	T044	C3537153
27878992	1347	1349	LR	T002	C0242726
27878992	1350	1360	regulation	T038	C1327622

27879381|t|Pediatric Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation: Considerations for Definitional Criteria
27879381|a|A 2005 consensus conference led by the National Association for Medical Direction of Respiratory Care (NAMDRC) defined prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) for adults as invasive and/or noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) for ≥ 21 consecutive days for ≥ 6 h/d. In children, no such consensus definition exists. This results in substantial variability in definitional criteria, making study of the impact and outcomes of PMV across and within settings problematic. The objective of this work was to identify how PMV for children and neonates is described in the literature and to outline pediatric / neonatal considerations related to PMV, with the goal of proposing a pediatric / neonatal adaptation to the NAMDRC definition. We searched electronic databases for studies describing PMV in children. We extracted definitional criteria and developed recommendations based on the literature review and our clinical experience. Of the 416 citations obtained, 87 met inclusion criteria, totaling 34,255 subjects. Identified criteria for the pediatric PMV definition included: number of consecutive days of mechanical ventilation (ranging from 6 h to 3 months), inclusion of NIV, time spent off the ventilator during weaning (considered as same ventilation episode), and importance of chronological age (term neonates) and postmenstrual age for preterm neonates. We considered high-flow nasal cannula; however, we determined that its current role as a weaning adjunct is unclear. Therefore, we developed the following recommendations for the pediatric PMV definition: ≥ 21 consecutive days (after 37 weeks postmenstrual age) of ventilation for ≥ 6 h/d considering invasive ventilation and NIV and including short interruptions (< 48 h) of ventilation during the weaning process as the same episode of ventilation. We propose a definition of pediatric PMV that incorporates the number of consecutive days of mechanical ventilation while taking into account use of NIV and lung maturity and including short interruptions during the weaning process.
27879381	0	9	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
27879381	10	19	Prolonged	T079	C0439590
27879381	20	42	Mechanical Ventilation	T061	C0199470
27879381	63	75	Definitional	T170	C1704788
27879381	76	84	Criteria	T078	C0243161
27879381	92	101	consensus	T054	C0376298
27879381	102	112	conference	T068	C0086047
27879381	124	186	National Association for Medical Direction of Respiratory Care	T092	C0237407
27879381	188	194	NAMDRC	T092	C0237407
27879381	204	213	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27879381	214	236	mechanical ventilation	T061	C0199470
27879381	238	241	PMV	T061	C0199470
27879381	247	253	adults	T100	C0001675
27879381	257	265	invasive	T061	C1868981
27879381	273	307	noninvasive mechanical ventilation	T061	C2349740
27879381	309	312	NIV	T061	C2349740
27879381	323	334	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27879381	335	339	days	T079	C0439228
27879381	356	364	children	T100	C0008059
27879381	374	383	consensus	T054	C0376298
27879381	384	394	definition	T170	C1704788
27879381	408	415	results	T033	C0683954
27879381	446	458	definitional	T170	C1704788
27879381	459	467	criteria	T078	C0243161
27879381	476	481	study	T062	C2603343
27879381	489	495	impact	T080	C4049986
27879381	500	508	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27879381	512	515	PMV	T061	C0199470
27879381	560	569	objective	T078	C2985627
27879381	578	582	work	T057	C0043227
27879381	603	606	PMV	T061	C0199470
27879381	611	619	children	T100	C0008059
27879381	624	632	neonates	T100	C0021289
27879381	653	663	literature	T170	C0023866
27879381	679	688	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27879381	691	699	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27879381	726	729	PMV	T061	C0199470
27879381	760	769	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27879381	772	780	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27879381	799	805	NAMDRC	T092	C0237407
27879381	806	816	definition	T170	C1704788
27879381	830	850	electronic databases	T170	C3841595
27879381	855	862	studies	T062	C2603343
27879381	874	877	PMV	T061	C0199470
27879381	881	889	children	T100	C0008059
27879381	904	916	definitional	T170	C1704788
27879381	917	925	criteria	T078	C0243161
27879381	940	955	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27879381	969	986	literature review	T170	C0282441
27879381	995	1003	clinical	T080	C0205210
27879381	1027	1036	citations	T170	C0552371
27879381	1054	1072	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27879381	1090	1098	subjects	T098	C0080105
27879381	1111	1119	criteria	T078	C0243161
27879381	1128	1137	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27879381	1138	1141	PMV	T061	C0199470
27879381	1142	1152	definition	T170	C1704788
27879381	1173	1184	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27879381	1185	1189	days	T079	C0439228
27879381	1193	1215	mechanical ventilation	T061	C0199470
27879381	1239	1245	months	T079	C0439231
27879381	1248	1257	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27879381	1261	1264	NIV	T061	C2349740
27879381	1285	1295	ventilator	T074	C0087153
27879381	1303	1310	weaning	T033	C0043084
27879381	1331	1342	ventilation	T039	C0035203
27879381	1371	1388	chronological age	T032	C0001779
27879381	1395	1403	neonates	T100	C0021289
27879381	1409	1426	postmenstrual age	T032	C3828508
27879381	1431	1447	preterm neonates	T047	C0021294
27879381	1473	1486	nasal cannula	T074	C0179574
27879381	1538	1545	weaning	T033	C0043084
27879381	1604	1619	recommendations	T078	C0034866
27879381	1628	1637	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27879381	1638	1641	PMV	T061	C0199470
27879381	1642	1652	definition	T170	C1704788
27879381	1659	1670	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27879381	1671	1675	days	T079	C0439228
27879381	1686	1691	weeks	T079	C0439230
27879381	1692	1709	postmenstrual age	T032	C3828508
27879381	1714	1725	ventilation	T039	C0035203
27879381	1750	1758	invasive	T061	C1868981
27879381	1759	1770	ventilation	T039	C0035203
27879381	1775	1778	NIV	T061	C2349740
27879381	1825	1836	ventilation	T039	C0035203
27879381	1848	1855	weaning	T033	C0043084
27879381	1887	1898	ventilation	T039	C0035203
27879381	1913	1923	definition	T170	C1704788
27879381	1927	1936	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27879381	1937	1940	PMV	T061	C0199470
27879381	1973	1984	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27879381	1985	1989	days	T079	C0439228
27879381	1993	2015	mechanical ventilation	T061	C0199470
27879381	2049	2052	NIV	T061	C2349740
27879381	2057	2070	lung maturity	T201	C2599489
27879381	2116	2123	weaning	T033	C0043084

27879507|t|Pedicle Screw Combined With Lateral Mass Screw Fixation in the Treatment of Basilar Invagination and Congenital C2-C3 Fusion
27879507|a|Clinical evaluation of a surgical fixation technique featuring combined use of pedicle screw and lateral mass screw (LMS). Introduction of a novel technique for the treatment of congenital C2-C3 fusion and basilar invagination (BI). Posterior occipitocervical fixation using C2 pedicle screw was widely used for BI. However, in cases where BI is concurrent with congenital C2-C3 fusion, the C2 pedicles tend to be thinner than that in normal population and hence more likely to fail. We prompted to tackle the issue by combining the pedicle screw with the additional use of LMS in attempt to strengthen the fixation. Twenty-five patients who underwent combined pedicle screw with LMS fixation were retrospectively studied. The instrument position, fusion status, and complications were analyzed. None had spinal cord or vertebral artery injury. The average follow-up time was 20 months. Solid fusion was achieved in 23 patients (92%) as detected radiologically. Two cases suffered from recurred BI and instrument failure but eventually achieved solid fusion between the occiput and C2 was after revision. Among all 25 patients, 4 suffered from complications including instrument s failure, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and intracranial infection. The clinical outcome indicates that the technique is reliable for the treatment of BI with congenital C2-C3 fusion.
27879507	0	13	Pedicle Screw	T074	C1961768
27879507	14	22	Combined	T080	C0205195
27879507	28	46	Lateral Mass Screw	T074	C0005975
27879507	47	55	Fixation	T061	C0185023
27879507	63	72	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27879507	76	96	Basilar Invagination	T019	C3887851
27879507	101	124	Congenital C2-C3 Fusion	T019	C0022738
27879507	125	144	Clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
27879507	150	158	surgical	T061	C0543467
27879507	159	167	fixation	T061	C0185023
27879507	168	177	technique	T169	C0449851
27879507	188	196	combined	T080	C0205195
27879507	204	217	pedicle screw	T074	C1961768
27879507	222	240	lateral mass screw	T074	C0005975
27879507	242	245	LMS	T074	C0005975
27879507	272	281	technique	T169	C0449851
27879507	290	299	treatment	T061	C0087111
27879507	303	326	congenital C2-C3 fusion	T019	C0022738
27879507	331	351	basilar invagination	T019	C3887851
27879507	353	355	BI	T019	C3887851
27879507	358	367	Posterior	T082	C0205095
27879507	368	384	occipitocervical	T029	C0027530
27879507	385	393	fixation	T061	C0185023
27879507	400	416	C2 pedicle screw	T074	C1961768
27879507	437	439	BI	T019	C3887851
27879507	453	458	cases	T169	C0868928
27879507	465	467	BI	T019	C3887851
27879507	471	481	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27879507	487	510	congenital C2-C3 fusion	T019	C0022738
27879507	516	527	C2 pedicles	T023	C0456605
27879507	539	546	thinner	T080	C0205168
27879507	560	566	normal	T080	C0205307
27879507	567	577	population	T098	C1257890
27879507	603	607	fail	T169	C0231175
27879507	635	640	issue	T033	C0033213
27879507	644	653	combining	T080	C0205195
27879507	658	671	pedicle screw	T074	C1961768
27879507	699	702	LMS	T074	C0005975
27879507	717	727	strengthen	T078	C0808080
27879507	732	740	fixation	T061	C0185023
27879507	754	762	patients	T101	C0030705
27879507	777	785	combined	T080	C0205195
27879507	786	799	pedicle screw	T074	C1961768
27879507	805	808	LMS	T074	C0005975
27879507	809	817	fixation	T061	C0185023
27879507	823	846	retrospectively studied	T062	C0035363
27879507	852	862	instrument	T074	C0348000
27879507	863	871	position	T082	C0733755
27879507	873	879	fusion	T169	C0699952
27879507	880	886	status	T080	C0449438
27879507	892	905	complications	T046	C0009566
27879507	911	919	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27879507	930	941	spinal cord	T037	C0037929
27879507	945	968	vertebral artery injury	T037	C0433912
27879507	982	991	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27879507	992	996	time	T079	C0040223
27879507	1004	1010	months	T079	C0439231
27879507	1018	1024	fusion	T169	C0699952
27879507	1044	1052	patients	T101	C0030705
27879507	1071	1085	radiologically	T060	C0043299
27879507	1091	1096	cases	T169	C0868928
27879507	1111	1119	recurred	T067	C0034897
27879507	1120	1122	BI	T019	C3887851
27879507	1127	1137	instrument	T074	C0348000
27879507	1138	1145	failure	T033	C0162643
27879507	1176	1182	fusion	T169	C0699952
27879507	1195	1202	occiput	T029	C0230005
27879507	1207	1209	C2	T023	C0456605
27879507	1220	1228	revision	T061	C0558347
27879507	1243	1251	patients	T101	C0030705
27879507	1269	1282	complications	T046	C0009566
27879507	1293	1303	instrument	T074	C0348000
27879507	1306	1313	failure	T033	C0162643
27879507	1315	1342	cerebrospinal fluid leakage	T047	C0023182
27879507	1348	1360	intracranial	T029	C0524466
27879507	1361	1370	infection	T046	C3714514
27879507	1376	1384	clinical	T080	C0205210
27879507	1385	1392	outcome	T169	C1274040
27879507	1412	1421	technique	T169	C0449851
27879507	1442	1451	treatment	T061	C0087111
27879507	1455	1457	BI	T019	C3887851
27879507	1463	1486	congenital C2-C3 fusion	T019	C0022738

27880839|t|Composite Sickles and Cereal Harvesting Methods at 23,000-Years-Old Ohalo II, Israel
27880839|a|Use-wear analysis of five glossed flint blades found at Ohalo II, a 23,000-years-old fisher-hunter-gatherers' camp on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, Northern Israel, provides the earliest evidence for the use of composite cereal harvesting tools. The wear traces indicate that tools were used for harvesting near - ripe semi- green wild cereals, shortly before grains are ripe and disperse naturally. The studied tools were not used intensively, and they reflect two harvesting modes: flint knives held by hand and inserts hafted in a handle. The finds shed new light on cereal harvesting techniques some 8,000 years before the Natufian and 12,000 years before the establishment of sedentary farming communities in the Near East. Furthermore, the new finds accord well with evidence for the earliest ever cereal cultivation at the site and the use of stone -made grinding implements.
27880839	0	17	Composite Sickles	T073	C0336793
27880839	22	28	Cereal	T168	C0007757
27880839	29	47	Harvesting Methods	T052	C0441655
27880839	68	84	Ohalo II, Israel	T083	C0017446
27880839	85	102	Use-wear analysis	T062	C0936012
27880839	111	131	glossed flint blades	T073	C0336793
27880839	141	149	Ohalo II	T083	C0017446
27880839	153	199	23,000-years-old fisher-hunter-gatherers' camp	T082	C1254362
27880839	207	212	shore	T083	C0331781
27880839	220	234	Sea of Galilee	T083	C0017446
27880839	236	251	Northern Israel	T083	C0022271
27880839	253	287	provides the earliest evidence for	T033	C1698593
27880839	299	332	composite cereal harvesting tools	T073	C0336793
27880839	338	349	wear traces	T080	C0205556
27880839	350	358	indicate	T078	C3146298
27880839	364	369	tools	T073	C0336793
27880839	384	394	harvesting	T052	C0441655
27880839	395	399	near	T080	C3828842
27880839	402	406	ripe	T079	C0205286
27880839	413	418	green	T080	C0332583
27880839	419	423	wild	T002	C0330098
27880839	424	431	cereals	T168	C0007757
27880839	441	447	before	T079	C0332152
27880839	448	454	grains	T002	C0086369
27880839	459	463	ripe	T079	C0205286
27880839	468	476	disperse	T067	C3494413
27880839	477	486	naturally	T169	C0205296
27880839	492	499	studied	T062	C2603343
27880839	500	505	tools	T073	C0336793
27880839	520	531	intensively	T080	C1704419
27880839	542	549	reflect	T169	C4281991
27880839	554	564	harvesting	T052	C0441655
27880839	565	570	modes	T169	C1513371
27880839	572	584	flint knives	T073	C0336793
27880839	593	597	hand	T023	C0018563
27880839	602	609	inserts	T073	C0336791
27880839	610	616	hafted	T067	C3714578
27880839	622	628	handle	T073	C1706054
27880839	634	639	finds	T033	C0683954
27880839	658	664	cereal	T168	C0007757
27880839	665	675	harvesting	T052	C0441655
27880839	676	686	techniques	T169	C0449851
27880839	704	710	before	T079	C0332152
27880839	715	723	Natufian	T098	C0033152
27880839	741	747	before	T079	C0332152
27880839	752	765	establishment	T080	C0443211
27880839	769	778	sedentary	T080	C0205254
27880839	779	786	farming	T090	C0001829
27880839	787	798	communities	T096	C0009462
27880839	806	815	Near East	T083	C0205674
27880839	838	843	finds	T033	C0683954
27880839	861	869	evidence	T078	C3887511
27880839	878	886	earliest	T079	C1279919
27880839	892	898	cereal	T168	C0007757
27880839	899	910	cultivation	T090	C0001829
27880839	918	922	site	T082	C0205145
27880839	938	943	stone	T072	C0347997
27880839	950	958	grinding	T067	C1522240
27880839	959	969	implements	T073	C0336791

27881039|t|Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and lenalidomide in patients with relapsed / refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A multicenter phase I-II GIMEMA trial
27881039|a|The activity and safety of a regimen combining lenalidomide with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (FC) was investigated in patients with relapsed / refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Treatment consisted of six monthly courses of the FC regimen combined with 14 days of lenalidomide given at the starting dose of 2.5 mg during course 1. The maximum tolerated dose of lenalidomide was 5 mg. Forty patients were assessed for response, 66% were IGHV unmutated, 45% showed deletion 11q or 17p. The overall response and complete remission rates were 62.5% and 22.5%, respectively, the median progression-free and overall survival (OS) were 19 and 45 months, respectively. Grade 3-4 granulocytopenia was observed in 65% of cases, severe infections in 7.5%, the lenalidomide -related toxicity was mild. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that low-dose lenalidomide associated with the FC schedule is an effective treatment for R/R patients with CLL, associated with an acceptable safety profile.
27881039	0	11	Fludarabine	T114,T121	C0059985
27881039	13	29	cyclophosphamide	T109,T121	C0010583
27881039	34	46	lenalidomide	T109,T121	C1144149
27881039	50	58	patients	T101	C0030705
27881039	64	72	relapsed	T079	C0205336
27881039	75	85	refractory	T169	C0205269
27881039	86	114	chronic lymphocytic leukemia	T191	C0023434
27881039	118	153	multicenter phase I-II GIMEMA trial	T062	C0206012
27881039	183	190	regimen	T061	C0040808
27881039	201	213	lenalidomide	T109,T121	C1144149
27881039	219	251	fludarabine and cyclophosphamide	T061	C0280920
27881039	253	255	FC	T061	C0280920
27881039	277	285	patients	T101	C0030705
27881039	291	299	relapsed	T079	C0205336
27881039	302	312	refractory	T169	C0205269
27881039	319	347	chronic lymphocytic leukemia	T191	C0023434
27881039	349	352	CLL	T191	C0023434
27881039	355	364	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27881039	390	397	courses	T079	C0750729
27881039	405	415	FC regimen	T061	C1880651
27881039	441	453	lenalidomide	T109,T121	C1144149
27881039	476	480	dose	T081	C0178602
27881039	498	504	course	T079	C0750729
27881039	512	534	maximum tolerated dose	T081	C0752079
27881039	538	550	lenalidomide	T109,T121	C1144149
27881039	567	575	patients	T101	C0030705
27881039	594	602	response	T040	C0683154
27881039	613	617	IGHV	T028	C1415996
27881039	618	627	unmutated	T033	C0243095
27881039	640	648	deletion	T049	C0008628
27881039	649	652	11q	T086	C0796366
27881039	656	659	17p	T086	C0796349
27881039	665	681	overall response	T033	C3272903
27881039	695	710	remission rates	T033	C0544452
27881039	758	774	progression-free	T081	C0242792
27881039	779	795	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27881039	797	799	OS	T081	C4086681
27881039	838	864	Grade 3-4 granulocytopenia	T047	C0001824
27881039	902	912	infections	T046	C3714514
27881039	926	938	lenalidomide	T109,T121	C1144149
27881039	948	956	toxicity	T037	C0013221
27881039	1025	1033	low-dose	T081	C0445550
27881039	1034	1046	lenalidomide	T109,T121	C1144149
27881039	1047	1062	associated with	T080	C0332281
27881039	1067	1078	FC schedule	T061	C1880651
27881039	1095	1104	treatment	T061	C0087111
27881039	1113	1121	patients	T101	C0030705
27881039	1127	1130	CLL	T191	C0023434
27881039	1132	1147	associated with	T080	C0332281

27881160|t|Distribution and patterning of non-communicable disease risk factors in indigenous Mbororo and non-autochthonous populations in Cameroon: cross sectional study
27881160|a|Data on Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) among indigenous populations are needed for interventions to improve health care. We conducted a survey in 2013 among rural indigenous Mbororo, Fulbe and other ethnic groups to determine the distribution of risk factors of NCDs in Cameroon. We selected seven targets of NCD risk factors: tobacco use, alcohol use, diet (salt / sugar intake, vegetable / fruit consumption), raised blood pressure, raised blood glucose, physical inactivity and weight measures. The WHO STEPwise approach was used to collect data from 1921 consenting participants aged ≥20 years. Prevalence of NCD risk factors was summarised by descriptive statistics. Underweight was widespread, Mbororo (50.8%) and Fulbe (37.2%). Increase in prevalence of six risk factors was observed among the Fulbe when compared to Mbororo. Participants aged 20-39 years had low levels of physical activity, poor diet and higher levels of alcohol consumption (except Mbororo) and those aged ≥40 years had higher prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, current smoking and overweight / obesity. Men and women differed in current smoking, occasional / daily alcohol consumption, pre-hypertension and hypertension, continuous walking for at least ten minutes, and weight measures for Fulbe and Mbororo, p < 0.05. Distribution of NCD risk factors was high among settled Fulani (Fulbe) when compared to indigenous nomadic Fulani (Mbororo). Change from nomadic to settled life might be accompanied by higher prevalence of NCDs. This data should be used to develop intervention programmes to curb the rising burden of NCDs in rural indigenous and non-indigenous populations.
27881160	0	12	Distribution	T169	C1704711
27881160	17	27	patterning	T082	C0449774
27881160	31	55	non-communicable disease	T047	C0008679
27881160	56	68	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27881160	72	82	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27881160	83	90	Mbororo	T098	C0337859
27881160	113	124	populations	T098	C1257890
27881160	128	136	Cameroon	T083	C0006802
27881160	138	159	cross sectional study	T062	C0010362
27881160	160	164	Data	T078	C1511726
27881160	168	193	Non-Communicable Diseases	T047	C0008679
27881160	195	199	NCDs	T047	C0008679
27881160	207	217	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27881160	218	229	populations	T098	C1257890
27881160	245	258	interventions	T058	C1273869
27881160	262	269	improve	T033	C0184511
27881160	270	281	health care	T058	C0086388
27881160	298	304	survey	T170	C0038951
27881160	319	324	rural	T082	C0178837
27881160	325	335	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27881160	336	343	Mbororo	T098	C0337859
27881160	345	350	Fulbe	T098	C0337832
27881160	361	374	ethnic groups	T098	C0015031
27881160	378	387	determine	T080	C0521095
27881160	392	404	distribution	T169	C1704711
27881160	408	420	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27881160	424	428	NCDs	T047	C0008679
27881160	432	440	Cameroon	T083	C0006802
27881160	454	459	seven	T081	C0205453
27881160	460	467	targets	T169	C1521840
27881160	471	474	NCD	T047	C0008679
27881160	475	487	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27881160	489	500	tobacco use	T055	C0543414
27881160	502	513	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
27881160	515	519	diet	T168	C0012155
27881160	521	525	salt	T032	C0489767
27881160	528	540	sugar intake	T033	C0556234
27881160	542	551	vegetable	T168	C0042440
27881160	554	559	fruit	T168	C0016767
27881160	560	571	consumption	T081	C0392762
27881160	574	595	raised blood pressure	T033	C0497247
27881160	597	617	raised blood glucose	T033	C0595877
27881160	619	638	physical inactivity	T056	C3890554
27881160	643	658	weight measures	T081	C0043101
27881160	664	667	WHO	T093	C0043237
27881160	668	685	STEPwise approach	T058	C1254363
27881160	690	697	used to	T169	C1524063
27881160	698	705	collect	T169	C1516698
27881160	706	710	data	T078	C1511726
27881160	732	744	participants	T098	C0679646
27881160	745	749	aged	T032	C0001779
27881160	754	759	years	T079	C0439234
27881160	761	771	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27881160	775	778	NCD	T047	C0008679
27881160	779	791	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27881160	822	832	statistics	T081	C2828391
27881160	834	845	Underweight	T033	C0041667
27881160	850	860	widespread	T080	C0332261
27881160	862	869	Mbororo	T098	C0337859
27881160	882	887	Fulbe	T098	C0337832
27881160	897	905	Increase	T169	C0442805
27881160	909	919	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27881160	923	926	six	T081	C0205452
27881160	927	939	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27881160	944	952	observed	T169	C1441672
27881160	963	968	Fulbe	T098	C0337832
27881160	974	982	compared	T052	C1707455
27881160	986	993	Mbororo	T098	C0337859
27881160	995	1007	Participants	T098	C0679646
27881160	1008	1012	aged	T032	C0001779
27881160	1019	1024	years	T079	C0439234
27881160	1029	1032	low	T081	C1611820
27881160	1033	1039	levels	T080	C0441889
27881160	1043	1060	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27881160	1062	1071	poor diet	T033	C0588012
27881160	1076	1112	higher levels of alcohol consumption	T033	C2030272
27881160	1121	1128	Mbororo	T098	C0337859
27881160	1140	1144	aged	T032	C0001779
27881160	1149	1154	years	T079	C0439234
27881160	1159	1165	higher	T080	C0205250
27881160	1166	1176	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27881160	1180	1188	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27881160	1190	1202	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27881160	1204	1211	current	T079	C0521116
27881160	1212	1219	smoking	T055	C0037369
27881160	1224	1234	overweight	T184	C0497406
27881160	1237	1244	obesity	T047	C0028754
27881160	1246	1249	Men	T098	C0025266
27881160	1254	1259	women	T098	C0043210
27881160	1260	1268	differed	T080	C1705242
27881160	1272	1279	current	T079	C0521116
27881160	1280	1287	smoking	T055	C0037369
27881160	1289	1299	occasional	T079	C0521114
27881160	1302	1307	daily	T079	C0332173
27881160	1308	1327	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
27881160	1329	1345	pre-hypertension	T047	C1696708
27881160	1350	1362	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27881160	1364	1374	continuous	T078	C0549178
27881160	1375	1382	walking	T056	C0080331
27881160	1387	1395	at least	T081	C0439092
27881160	1396	1407	ten minutes	T079	C1442446
27881160	1413	1428	weight measures	T081	C0043101
27881160	1433	1438	Fulbe	T098	C0337832
27881160	1443	1450	Mbororo	T098	C0337859
27881160	1462	1474	Distribution	T169	C1704711
27881160	1478	1481	NCD	T047	C0008679
27881160	1482	1494	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27881160	1518	1524	Fulani	T098	C0337832
27881160	1526	1531	Fulbe	T098	C0337832
27881160	1550	1560	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27881160	1569	1575	Fulani	T098	C0337832
27881160	1577	1584	Mbororo	T098	C0337859
27881160	1587	1593	Change	T169	C0392747
27881160	1599	1606	nomadic	T054	C0037397
27881160	1610	1617	settled	T033	C0558223
27881160	1618	1622	life	T054	C0023676
27881160	1647	1653	higher	T080	C0205250
27881160	1654	1664	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27881160	1668	1672	NCDs	T047	C0008679
27881160	1679	1683	data	T078	C1511726
27881160	1694	1698	used	T169	C1524063
27881160	1702	1709	develop	T169	C1527148
27881160	1710	1733	intervention programmes	T061	C0184661
27881160	1737	1741	curb	T169	C0443288
27881160	1746	1752	rising	T169	C0442808
27881160	1753	1759	burden	T078	C2828008
27881160	1763	1767	NCDs	T047	C0008679
27881160	1771	1776	rural	T082	C0178837
27881160	1777	1787	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27881160	1807	1818	populations	T098	C1257890

27881519|t|Comparison of therapy persistence for fixed versus free combination antihypertensives: a retrospective cohort study
27881519|a|The aim of the study was to compare therapy persistence among patients who started with one of three drug regimens: a monotherapy, or combination therapy either as a fixed combination (ie, 'single pill ') or as a free combination (ie, two separate antihypertensive agents). In a secondary data analysis, we used descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression to measure the effect of the three therapy regimens on therapy persistence over 4 years. Prescription data from a large German statutory health insurance provider. All patients who started with a new antihypertensive therapy in 2007 or 2008 (n=8032) were included and followed for 4 years. Therapy persistence, defined as receiving a refill prescription no later than within 180 days. The persistence rates after 4 years were nearly identical among patients who started with a monotherapy (40.3%) or a fixed combination of two drugs (39.8%). However, significantly more patients who started with free - drug combinations remained therapy persistent (56.4%), resulting in an OR of 2.00 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.5; p<0.0001) for free combinations versus fixed combinations. This trend was observed in all age groups and for men and women. At the end of the study period, the number of different antihypertensive agents was still similar between patients who started with a fixed combination (2.41) and patients who started with a free combination (2.28). While single- pill combination s make it easier to take different drugs at once, the risk is high that these several substances are stopped at once. Therapy persistence was significantly better for patients who started with a free - drug combination without taking much fewer different antihypertensive drugs as those with a fixed combination.
27881519	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27881519	14	21	therapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	22	33	persistence	T079	C0205322
27881519	38	43	fixed	T080	C0443218
27881519	51	55	free	T169	C0332296
27881519	56	67	combination	T080	C0205195
27881519	68	85	antihypertensives	T121	C0003364
27881519	89	115	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
27881519	120	123	aim	T078	C1947946
27881519	131	136	study	T062	C2603343
27881519	152	159	therapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	160	171	persistence	T079	C0205322
27881519	178	186	patients	T101	C0030705
27881519	217	221	drug	T121	C0013227
27881519	222	230	regimens	T061	C0040808
27881519	234	245	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	250	261	combination	T080	C0205195
27881519	262	269	therapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	282	287	fixed	T080	C0443218
27881519	288	299	combination	T121	C0013162
27881519	313	317	pill	T122	C0994475
27881519	329	333	free	T169	C0332296
27881519	334	345	combination	T121	C0013162
27881519	364	387	antihypertensive agents	T121	C0003364
27881519	405	418	data analysis	T057	C0010992
27881519	428	450	descriptive statistics	T090	C1514962
27881519	455	487	multivariate logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27881519	491	498	measure	T081	C0079809
27881519	503	509	effect	T080	C1280500
27881519	523	530	therapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	531	539	regimens	T061	C0040808
27881519	543	550	therapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	551	562	persistence	T079	C0205322
27881519	570	575	years	T079	C0439234
27881519	577	594	Prescription data	T170	C1521941
27881519	608	650	German statutory health insurance provider	T093	C1708333
27881519	656	664	patients	T101	C0030705
27881519	669	681	started with	T080	C1272689
27881519	669	681	started with	T080	C1272689
27881519	688	704	antihypertensive	T121	C0003364
27881519	705	712	therapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	771	776	years	T079	C0439234
27881519	778	785	Therapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	786	797	persistence	T079	C0205322
27881519	829	841	prescription	T170	C1521941
27881519	877	888	persistence	T079	C0205322
27881519	903	908	years	T079	C0439234
27881519	937	945	patients	T101	C0030705
27881519	950	962	started with	T080	C1272689
27881519	965	976	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	990	995	fixed	T080	C0443218
27881519	996	1007	combination	T121	C0013162
27881519	1015	1020	drugs	T121	C0013227
27881519	1058	1066	patients	T101	C0030705
27881519	1071	1083	started with	T080	C1272689
27881519	1084	1088	free	T169	C0332296
27881519	1091	1108	drug combinations	T121	C0013162
27881519	1118	1125	therapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	1207	1211	free	T169	C0332296
27881519	1212	1224	combinations	T121	C0013162
27881519	1232	1237	fixed	T080	C0443218
27881519	1238	1250	combinations	T121	C0013162
27881519	1257	1262	trend	T079	C1521798
27881519	1283	1293	age groups	T100	C0027362
27881519	1302	1305	men	T098	C0025266
27881519	1310	1315	women	T098	C0043210
27881519	1335	1340	study	T062	C2603343
27881519	1373	1396	antihypertensive agents	T121	C0003364
27881519	1423	1431	patients	T101	C0030705
27881519	1436	1448	started with	T080	C1272689
27881519	1451	1456	fixed	T080	C0443218
27881519	1457	1468	combination	T121	C0013162
27881519	1480	1488	patients	T101	C0030705
27881519	1493	1505	started with	T080	C1272689
27881519	1508	1512	free	T169	C0332296
27881519	1513	1524	combination	T121	C0013162
27881519	1547	1551	pill	T122	C0994475
27881519	1552	1563	combination	T121	C0013162
27881519	1599	1604	drugs	T121	C0013227
27881519	1618	1622	risk	T078	C0035647
27881519	1626	1630	high	T080	C0205250
27881519	1650	1660	substances	T167	C0439861
27881519	1665	1680	stopped at once	T080	C1272691
27881519	1682	1689	Therapy	T061	C0087111
27881519	1690	1701	persistence	T079	C0205322
27881519	1731	1739	patients	T101	C0030705
27881519	1744	1756	started with	T080	C1272689
27881519	1759	1763	free	T169	C0332296
27881519	1766	1782	drug combination	T121	C0013162
27881519	1819	1841	antihypertensive drugs	T121	C0003364
27881519	1858	1863	fixed	T080	C0443218
27881519	1864	1875	combination	T121	C0013162

27881529|t|Co-occurrence and clustering of health conditions at age 11: cross-sectional findings from the Millennium Cohort Study
27881529|a|To identify patterns of co-occurrence and clustering of 6 common adverse health conditions in 11- year -old children and explore differences by sociodemographic factors. Nationally representative prospective cohort study. Children born in the UK between 2000 and 2002. 11 399 11- year -old singleton children for whom data on all 6 health conditions and sociodemographic information were available (complete cases). Prevalence, co-occurrence and clustering of 6 common health conditions: wheeze; eczema; long-standing illness (excluding wheeze and eczema); injury; socioemotional difficulties (measured using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) and unfavourable weight (thin / overweight / obese vs normal). 42.4% of children had 2 or more adverse health conditions (co-occurrence). Co-occurrence was more common in boys and children from lower income households. Latent class analysis identified 6 classes: ' normative ' (57.4%): ' atopic burdened ' (14.0%); ' socioemotional burdened ' (11.0%); ' unfavourable weight / injury ' (7.7%); ' eczema / injury ' (6.0%) and ' eczema / unfavourable weight ' (3.9%). As with co-occurrence, class membership differed by sociodemographic factors: boys, children of mothers with lower educational attainment and children from lower income households were more likely to be in the ' socioemotional burdened ' class. Children of mothers with higher educational attainment were more likely to be in the ' normative ' and ' eczema / unfavourable weight ' classes. Co-occurrence of adverse health conditions at age 11 is common and is associated with adverse socioeconomic circumstances. Holistic, child focused care, particularly in boys and those in lower income groups, may help to prevent and reduce co-occurrence in later childhood and adolescence.
27881529	0	13	Co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27881529	18	28	clustering	T081	C0012641
27881529	32	38	health	T078	C0018684
27881529	39	49	conditions	T080	C0348080
27881529	53	56	age	T032	C0001779
27881529	61	76	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
27881529	77	85	findings	T169	C2607943
27881529	95	118	Millennium Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27881529	143	156	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27881529	161	171	clustering	T081	C0012641
27881529	184	191	adverse	T046	C0877248
27881529	192	198	health	T078	C0018684
27881529	199	209	conditions	T080	C0348080
27881529	217	221	year	T079	C1510829
27881529	227	235	children	T100	C0008059
27881529	248	259	differences	T080	C1705242
27881529	263	287	sociodemographic factors	T078	C0011292
27881529	315	339	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
27881529	341	349	Children	T100	C0008059
27881529	362	364	UK	T083	C0041700
27881529	399	403	year	T079	C1510829
27881529	409	418	singleton	T099	C1313913
27881529	419	427	children	T100	C0008059
27881529	437	441	data	T078	C1511726
27881529	451	457	health	T078	C0018684
27881529	458	468	conditions	T080	C0348080
27881529	473	501	sociodemographic information	T078	C1533716
27881529	518	526	complete	T080	C0205197
27881529	527	532	cases	T169	C0868928
27881529	535	545	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
27881529	547	560	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27881529	565	575	clustering	T081	C0012641
27881529	588	594	health	T078	C0018684
27881529	595	605	conditions	T080	C0348080
27881529	607	613	wheeze	T184	C0043144
27881529	615	621	eczema	T047	C0013595
27881529	623	644	long-standing illness	T184	C0221423
27881529	656	662	wheeze	T184	C0043144
27881529	667	673	eczema	T047	C0013595
27881529	676	682	injury	T037	C3263723
27881529	684	711	socioemotional difficulties	T048	C0013985
27881529	728	768	Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire	T170	C3472494
27881529	774	793	unfavourable weight	T032	C0005910
27881529	795	799	thin	T033	C0041667
27881529	802	812	overweight	T184	C0497406
27881529	815	820	obese	T047	C0028754
27881529	824	830	normal	T032	C0005910
27881529	842	850	children	T100	C0008059
27881529	865	872	adverse	T046	C0877248
27881529	873	879	health	T078	C0018684
27881529	880	890	conditions	T080	C0348080
27881529	892	905	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27881529	908	921	Co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27881529	941	945	boys	T100	C0870221
27881529	950	958	children	T100	C0008059
27881529	970	976	income	T081	C0021162
27881529	977	987	households	T099	C0020052
27881529	989	1010	Latent class analysis	T062	C0936012
27881529	1024	1031	classes	T170	C0456387
27881529	1035	1044	normative	T080	C0205307
27881529	1058	1064	atopic	T046	C0392707
27881529	1065	1073	burdened	T078	C2828008
27881529	1087	1110	socioemotional burdened	T048	C0013985
27881529	1124	1143	unfavourable weight	T032	C0005910
27881529	1146	1152	injury	T037	C3263723
27881529	1165	1171	eczema	T047	C0013595
27881529	1174	1180	injury	T037	C3263723
27881529	1196	1202	eczema	T047	C0013595
27881529	1205	1224	unfavourable weight	T032	C0005910
27881529	1243	1256	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27881529	1258	1263	class	T170	C0456387
27881529	1264	1274	membership	T055	C0680038
27881529	1287	1311	sociodemographic factors	T078	C0011292
27881529	1313	1317	boys	T100	C0870221
27881529	1319	1327	children	T100	C0008059
27881529	1331	1338	mothers	T099	C0026591
27881529	1350	1372	educational attainment	T033	C0013658
27881529	1377	1385	children	T100	C0008059
27881529	1397	1403	income	T081	C0021162
27881529	1404	1414	households	T099	C0020052
27881529	1447	1470	socioemotional burdened	T048	C0013985
27881529	1473	1478	class	T170	C0456387
27881529	1480	1488	Children	T100	C0008059
27881529	1492	1499	mothers	T099	C0026591
27881529	1512	1534	educational attainment	T033	C0013658
27881529	1567	1576	normative	T080	C0205307
27881529	1585	1591	eczema	T047	C0013595
27881529	1594	1613	unfavourable weight	T032	C0005910
27881529	1616	1623	classes	T170	C0456387
27881529	1625	1638	Co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27881529	1642	1649	adverse	T046	C0877248
27881529	1650	1656	health	T078	C0018684
27881529	1657	1667	conditions	T080	C0348080
27881529	1671	1674	age	T032	C0001779
27881529	1695	1710	associated with	T080	C0332281
27881529	1711	1718	adverse	T046	C0877248
27881529	1719	1732	socioeconomic	T077	C0748878
27881529	1733	1746	circumstances	T077	C1254372
27881529	1748	1756	Holistic	T078	C0019844
27881529	1758	1763	child	T100	C0008059
27881529	1772	1776	care	T052	C1947933
27881529	1794	1798	boys	T100	C0870221
27881529	1818	1824	income	T081	C0021162
27881529	1825	1831	groups	T078	C0441833
27881529	1845	1852	prevent	T080	C2700409
27881529	1857	1863	reduce	T080	C0392756
27881529	1864	1877	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
27881529	1881	1886	later	T079	C0205087
27881529	1887	1896	childhood	T079	C0231335
27881529	1901	1912	adolescence	T079	C0001578

27882066|t|Bioinformatic Analysis of Codon Usage and Phylogenetic Relationships in Different Genotypes of the Hepatitis C Virus
27882066|a|The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has six major genotypes. The purpose of this study was to phylogenetically investigate the differences between the genotypes of HCV, and to determine the types of amino acid codon usage in the structure of the virus in order to discover new methods for treatment regimes. The codon usage of the six genotypes of the HCV nucleotide sequence was investigated through the online application available on the website Gene Infinity. Also, phylogenetic analysis and the evolutionary relationship of HCV genotypes were analyzed with MEGA 7 software. The six genotypes of HCV were divided into two groups based on their codon usage properties. In the first group, genotypes 1 and 5 (74.02%), and in the second group, genotypes 2 and 6 (72.43%) were shown to have the most similarity in terms of codon usage. Unlike the results with respect to determining the similarity of codon usage, the phylogenetic analysis showed the closest resemblance and correlation between genotypes 1 and 4. The results also showed that HCV has a GC (guanine - cytosine) abundant genome structure and prefers codons with GC for translation. Genotypes 1 and 4 demonstrated remarkable similarity in terms of genome sequences and proteins, but surprisingly, in terms of the preferred codons for gene expression, they showed the greatest difference. More studies are therefore needed to confirm the results and select the best approach for treatment of these genotypes based on their codon usage properties.
27882066	0	13	Bioinformatic	T091	C1140694
27882066	14	22	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27882066	26	31	Codon	T086	C0009221
27882066	32	37	Usage	T169	C0457083
27882066	42	68	Phylogenetic Relationships	T080	C1519069
27882066	82	91	Genotypes	T032	C0017431
27882066	99	116	Hepatitis C Virus	T005	C0220847
27882066	121	138	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
27882066	140	143	HCV	T005	C0220847
27882066	159	168	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27882066	190	195	study	T062	C2603343
27882066	203	231	phylogenetically investigate	T062	C1519068
27882066	260	269	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27882066	273	276	HCV	T005	C0220847
27882066	308	318	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27882066	319	324	codon	T086	C0009221
27882066	325	330	usage	T169	C0457083
27882066	338	360	structure of the virus	T017	C2717802
27882066	398	415	treatment regimes	T058	C0418956
27882066	421	426	codon	T086	C0009221
27882066	427	432	usage	T169	C0457083
27882066	444	453	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27882066	461	464	HCV	T005	C0220847
27882066	465	484	nucleotide sequence	T086	C0004793
27882066	489	501	investigated	T169	C1292732
27882066	550	571	website Gene Infinity	T170	C2349146
27882066	579	600	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27882066	609	634	evolutionary relationship	T080	C0205556
27882066	638	641	HCV	T005	C0220847
27882066	642	651	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27882066	657	665	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27882066	671	686	MEGA 7 software	T073,T170	C0037585
27882066	696	705	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27882066	709	712	HCV	T005	C0220847
27882066	735	741	groups	T078	C0441833
27882066	757	762	codon	T086	C0009221
27882066	763	768	usage	T169	C0457083
27882066	769	779	properties	T080	C0871161
27882066	794	799	group	T078	C0441833
27882066	801	818	genotypes 1 and 5	T032	C0017431
27882066	847	852	group	T078	C0441833
27882066	854	871	genotypes 2 and 6	T032	C0017431
27882066	909	919	similarity	T080	C2348205
27882066	932	937	codon	T086	C0009221
27882066	938	943	usage	T169	C0457083
27882066	996	1006	similarity	T080	C2348205
27882066	1010	1015	codon	T086	C0009221
27882066	1016	1021	usage	T169	C0457083
27882066	1027	1048	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
27882066	1068	1079	resemblance	T080	C0205556
27882066	1084	1095	correlation	T080	C1707520
27882066	1104	1121	genotypes 1 and 4	T032	C0017431
27882066	1152	1155	HCV	T005	C0220847
27882066	1162	1164	GC	T114	C0028630
27882066	1166	1173	guanine	T114	C0018321
27882066	1166	1184	guanine - cytosine	T114	C0028630
27882066	1176	1184	cytosine	T109,T123	C0010843
27882066	1195	1211	genome structure	T028	C0017428
27882066	1224	1230	codons	T086	C0009221
27882066	1243	1254	translation	UnknownType	C0678935
27882066	1256	1273	Genotypes 1 and 4	T032	C0017431
27882066	1298	1308	similarity	T080	C2348205
27882066	1321	1337	genome sequences	T085	C1254364
27882066	1342	1350	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27882066	1396	1402	codons	T086	C0009221
27882066	1407	1422	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27882066	1466	1473	studies	T062	C2603343
27882066	1538	1546	approach	T082	C0449445
27882066	1551	1560	treatment	T169	C1522326
27882066	1570	1579	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27882066	1595	1600	codon	T086	C0009221
27882066	1601	1606	usage	T169	C0457083
27882066	1607	1617	properties	T080	C0871161

27882444|t|Genomic characterization of a wild-bird - origin pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) first isolated in the northwest region of China
27882444|a|Pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 (PPMV-1) is an enzootic in pigeon flocks and causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry in many countries. A PPMV-1 isolate, abbreviated as PPMV-1/QL-01/CH/15, was isolated from a great spotted woodpecker in the northwest region of China in 2015. The complete genome was sequenced, and the results showed that the virus genome was 15,192 nt in length, in the gene arrangement 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. Several amino acid mutations were identified in the functional domains of the F and HN proteins. The pathogenicity index of the isolate was evaluated, and the mean death time (MDT) was 72 h and the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) was 0.925, indicating that this isolate was mesogenic. Sequencing results showed that it had a virulent Newcastle disease virus cleavage motif (112)R-R-Q-K-R-F(117) at the fusion protein cleavage site. Morbidity and mortality were 70% and 50%, after inoculation of pigeons, whereas this virus was nonpathogenic in chickens. Different immune responses of pigeons and chickens were induced in vivo, which led to different HI serum antibody titers. The results of phylogenetic and evolutionary distance analysis showed that this PPMV-1 strain belonged to sub-genotype VIa in class II. To our knowledge, this is the first identification and analysis of PPMV-1 co-circulation among wild birds and domestic pigeon flocks in China. The data from this study highlight the important role of wild birds in the dissemination of PPMV-1 and provide useful references for improving our understanding of the distribution and evolution of PPMV-1 in China.
27882444	0	7	Genomic	T028	C0017428
27882444	8	24	characterization	T052	C1880022
27882444	30	39	wild-bird	T012	C0325328
27882444	42	48	origin	T033	C0243095
27882444	49	55	pigeon	T012	C0325912
27882444	56	76	paramyxovirus type 1	T005	C0027984
27882444	78	84	PPMV-1	T005	C0027984
27882444	92	100	isolated	T169	C0205409
27882444	108	133	northwest region of China	T083	C0008115
27882444	134	140	Pigeon	T012	C0325912
27882444	141	161	paramyxovirus type-1	T005	C0027984
27882444	163	169	PPMV-1	T005	C0027984
27882444	177	185	enzootic	T169	C0598394
27882444	189	195	pigeon	T012	C0325912
27882444	196	202	flocks	T096	C1633987
27882444	214	220	severe	T080	C0205082
27882444	221	236	economic losses	T081	C0681022
27882444	244	251	poultry	T012	C0032850
27882444	252	260	industry	T057	C0021267
27882444	269	278	countries	T083	C0454664
27882444	282	288	PPMV-1	T005	C0027984
27882444	289	296	isolate	T123	C1764827
27882444	313	331	PPMV-1/QL-01/CH/15	T005	C0027984
27882444	337	345	isolated	T169	C0205409
27882444	367	377	woodpecker	T012	C0326243
27882444	385	410	northwest region of China	T083	C0008115
27882444	433	439	genome	T028	C0017428
27882444	444	453	sequenced	T059	C3854164
27882444	463	470	results	T169	C1274040
27882444	487	492	virus	T005	C0042776
27882444	493	499	genome	T028	C0017428
27882444	517	523	length	T081	C1444754
27882444	532	568	gene arrangement 3'-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5'	T044	C0887940
27882444	578	588	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27882444	589	598	mutations	T045	C0026882
27882444	604	614	identified	T080	C0205396
27882444	622	640	functional domains	T087	C1514562
27882444	648	649	F	T116,T123	C0162768
27882444	654	665	HN proteins	T116,T123	C0019822
27882444	671	690	pathogenicity index	T032	C1136169
27882444	698	705	isolate	T123	C1764827
27882444	710	719	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27882444	729	744	mean death time	T079	C1301931
27882444	746	749	MDT	T079	C1301931
27882444	768	801	intracerebral pathogenicity index	T032	C1136169
27882444	803	807	ICPI	T032	C1136169
27882444	841	848	isolate	T123	C1764827
27882444	853	862	mesogenic	T080	C0205556
27882444	864	874	Sequencing	T059	C1294197
27882444	875	882	results	T169	C1274040
27882444	904	912	virulent	T080	C1520022
27882444	913	936	Newcastle disease virus	T005	C0027984
27882444	937	973	cleavage motif (112)R-R-Q-K-R-F(117)	T087	C0002518
27882444	981	995	fusion protein	T116,T123	C0162768
27882444	996	1009	cleavage site	T087	C0002518
27882444	1011	1020	Morbidity	T081	C0026538
27882444	1025	1034	mortality	T081	C0205848
27882444	1059	1070	inoculation	T061	C2987620
27882444	1074	1081	pigeons	T012	C0325912
27882444	1096	1101	virus	T005	C0042776
27882444	1106	1119	nonpathogenic	T033	C0243095
27882444	1123	1131	chickens	T012	C0008051
27882444	1143	1159	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27882444	1163	1170	pigeons	T012	C0325912
27882444	1175	1183	chickens	T012	C0008051
27882444	1189	1196	induced	T169	C0205263
27882444	1197	1204	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27882444	1229	1253	HI serum antibody titers	T059	C2229730
27882444	1259	1266	results	T169	C1274040
27882444	1270	1282	phylogenetic	T062	C1519068
27882444	1287	1317	evolutionary distance analysis	T062	C0936012
27882444	1335	1341	PPMV-1	T005	C0027984
27882444	1342	1348	strain	T001	C1518614
27882444	1361	1377	sub-genotype VIa	T170	C0441756
27882444	1381	1389	class II	T170	C0441886
27882444	1427	1441	identification	T059	C0599616
27882444	1446	1454	analysis	T062	C0936012
27882444	1458	1464	PPMV-1	T005	C0027984
27882444	1465	1479	co-circulation	T033	C0237318
27882444	1486	1496	wild birds	T012	C0325328
27882444	1501	1516	domestic pigeon	T012	C0999232
27882444	1517	1523	flocks	T096	C1633987
27882444	1527	1532	China	T083	C0008115
27882444	1538	1542	data	T078	C1511726
27882444	1553	1558	study	T062	C2603343
27882444	1591	1601	wild birds	T012	C0325328
27882444	1609	1622	dissemination	T082	C0205221
27882444	1626	1632	PPMV-1	T005	C0027984
27882444	1652	1662	references	T170	C1514811
27882444	1667	1676	improving	T080	C1272745
27882444	1702	1714	distribution	T082	C0037775
27882444	1719	1728	evolution	T045	C0015219
27882444	1732	1738	PPMV-1	T005	C0027984
27882444	1742	1747	China	T083	C0008115

27882455|t|Memory consolidation effects on memory stabilization and item integration in older adults
27882455|a|This study examined the differential effects of aging on consolidation processes that strengthen newly acquired memory traces in veridical form (memory stabilization) versus consolidation processes that are responsible for integrating these memory traces into an existing body of knowledge (item integration). Older adults learned 13 nonwords and were tested on their memory for the nonwords, and on whether these nonwords impacted upon processing of similar-sounding English words immediately and 24 hours later. Participants accurately recognized the nonwords immediately, but showed significant decreases in delayed recognition and recall. In comparison, the nonwords impacted upon processing of similar-sounding words only in the delayed test. Together, these findings suggest that memory consolidation processes may be more evident in item integration than memory stabilization processes for new declarative memories in older adults.
27882455	0	20	Memory consolidation	T041	C0679057
27882455	21	28	effects	T080	C1280500
27882455	32	52	memory stabilization	T041	C0025361
27882455	57	73	item integration	T041	C0025361
27882455	77	89	older adults	T098	C0001792
27882455	95	100	study	T062	C2603343
27882455	114	134	differential effects	T169	C1274040
27882455	138	143	aging	T040	C0001811
27882455	147	170	consolidation processes	T041	C0679057
27882455	202	215	memory traces	T041	C0870873
27882455	235	255	memory stabilization	T041	C0025361
27882455	264	287	consolidation processes	T041	C0679057
27882455	313	324	integrating	T041	C0025361
27882455	331	344	memory traces	T041	C0870873
27882455	370	379	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27882455	381	397	item integration	T041	C0025361
27882455	400	412	Older adults	T098	C0001792
27882455	413	420	learned	T041	C0023185
27882455	424	432	nonwords	T170	C0282574
27882455	458	464	memory	T041	C0025260
27882455	473	481	nonwords	T170	C0282574
27882455	504	512	nonwords	T170	C0282574
27882455	558	565	English	T171	C0376245
27882455	566	571	words	T170	C0282574
27882455	591	596	hours	T079	C0439227
27882455	604	616	Participants	T098	C0679646
27882455	643	651	nonwords	T170	C0282574
27882455	709	720	recognition	T041	C0524637
27882455	725	731	recall	T041	C0034770
27882455	752	760	nonwords	T170	C0282574
27882455	775	785	processing	T052	C1709694
27882455	789	811	similar-sounding words	T170	C0282574
27882455	824	836	delayed test	T170	C0451414
27882455	876	906	memory consolidation processes	T041	C0679057
27882455	930	946	item integration	T041	C0025361
27882455	952	982	memory stabilization processes	T041	C0025361
27882455	1003	1011	memories	T041	C0025260
27882455	1015	1027	older adults	T098	C0001792

27882558|t|Effects of voice-sparing cricotracheal resection on phonation in women
27882558|a|Individuals with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (SGS) are at risk for voice disorders prior to and following surgical management. This study examined the nature and severity of voice disorders in patients with SGS before and after a revised cricotracheal resection (CTR) procedure designed to minimize adverse effects on voice function. Eleven women with idiopathic SGS provided presurgical and postsurgical audio recordings. Voice Handicap Index (VHI) scores were also collected. Cepstral, signal-to-noise, periodicity, and fundamental frequency (F0) analyses were undertaken for connected speech and sustained vowel samples. Listeners made auditory - perceptual ratings of overall quality and monotonicity. Paired samples statistical analyses revealed that mean F0 decreased from 215 Hz (standard deviation [SD] = 40 Hz) to 201 Hz (SD = 65 Hz) following surgery. In general, VHI scores decreased after surgery. Voice disorder severity based on the Cepstral Spectral Index of Dysphonia (KayPentax, Montvale, NJ) for sustained vowels decreased (improved) from 41 (SD = 41) to 25 (SD = 21) points; no change was observed for connected speech. Semitone SD (2.2 semitones) did not change from pre- to posttreatment. Auditory - perceptual ratings demonstrated similar results. These preliminary results indicate that this revised CTR procedure is promising in minimizing adverse voice effects while offering a longer-term surgical outcome for SGS. Further research is needed to determine causal factors for pretreatment voice disorders, as well as to optimize treatments in this population. 4. Laryngoscope, 2016.
27882558	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27882558	25	48	cricotracheal resection	T061	C4291730
27882558	52	61	phonation	T042	C0031577
27882558	65	70	women	T098	C0043210
27882558	71	82	Individuals	T098	C0027361
27882558	88	118	idiopathic subglottic stenosis	T047	C2931158
27882558	120	123	SGS	T047	C2931158
27882558	132	136	risk	T078	C0035647
27882558	141	156	voice disorders	T047	C0042940
27882558	170	179	following	T079	C0332282
27882558	180	199	surgical management	T058	C1515089
27882558	206	211	study	T062	C2603343
27882558	212	220	examined	T033	C0332128
27882558	236	244	severity	T080	C0439793
27882558	248	263	voice disorders	T047	C0042940
27882558	267	275	patients	T101	C0030705
27882558	281	284	SGS	T047	C2931158
27882558	312	351	cricotracheal resection (CTR) procedure	T061	C4291730
27882558	352	360	designed	T052	C1707689
27882558	373	388	adverse effects	T080	C1280500
27882558	392	406	voice function	T039	C0541586
27882558	415	420	women	T098	C0043210
27882558	426	440	idiopathic SGS	T047	C2931158
27882558	441	449	provided	T052	C1999230
27882558	450	461	presurgical	T079	C0445204
27882558	466	478	postsurgical	T079	C0032790
27882558	479	495	audio recordings	UnknownType	C0681505
27882558	497	530	Voice Handicap Index (VHI) scores	T201	C3472512
27882558	541	550	collected	T169	C1516698
27882558	562	577	signal-to-noise	T081	C2986823
27882558	579	590	periodicity	T079	C0031084
27882558	596	617	fundamental frequency	T079	C0439603
27882558	619	621	F0	T079	C0439603
27882558	652	668	connected speech	T033	C4280380
27882558	673	682	sustained	T169	C0443318
27882558	683	696	vowel samples	T170	C0871955
27882558	698	707	Listeners	T098	C1257890
27882558	713	721	auditory	T169	C0439825
27882558	724	734	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27882558	735	742	ratings	T052	C0871208
27882558	754	761	quality	T080	C0332306
27882558	766	778	monotonicity	UnknownType	C0241704
27882558	780	815	Paired samples statistical analyses	T062	C0871424
27882558	816	824	revealed	T080	C0443289
27882558	835	837	F0	T079	C0439603
27882558	838	847	decreased	T081	C0205216
27882558	861	879	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27882558	881	883	SD	T081	C0871420
27882558	905	907	SD	T081	C0871420
27882558	917	926	following	T079	C0332282
27882558	927	934	surgery	T061	C0543467
27882558	948	958	VHI scores	T201	C3472512
27882558	959	968	decreased	T081	C0205216
27882558	975	982	surgery	T061	C0543467
27882558	984	998	Voice disorder	T047	C0042940
27882558	999	1007	severity	T080	C0392364
27882558	1021	1044	Cepstral Spectral Index	T170	C0918012
27882558	1048	1057	Dysphonia	T048	C1527344
27882558	1059	1068	KayPentax	T073,T092	C0683757
27882558	1070	1078	Montvale	UnknownType	C0681784
27882558	1080	1082	NJ	T083	C0027971
27882558	1088	1097	sustained	T169	C0443318
27882558	1098	1104	vowels	T170	C0871955
27882558	1105	1114	decreased	T081	C0205216
27882558	1116	1124	improved	T033	C0184511
27882558	1135	1137	SD	T081	C0871420
27882558	1151	1153	SD	T081	C0871420
27882558	1168	1177	no change	T033	C0442739
27882558	1182	1190	observed	T169	C1441672
27882558	1195	1211	connected speech	T033	C4280380
27882558	1222	1224	SD	T081	C0871420
27882558	1261	1265	pre-	T079	C2709094
27882558	1269	1282	posttreatment	T079	C2709088
27882558	1284	1292	Auditory	T169	C0439825
27882558	1295	1305	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27882558	1306	1313	ratings	T052	C0871208
27882558	1335	1342	results	T169	C1274040
27882558	1350	1369	preliminary results	T078	C1548161
27882558	1397	1410	CTR procedure	T061	C4291730
27882558	1446	1451	voice	T040	C0042939
27882558	1452	1459	effects	T080	C1280500
27882558	1477	1488	longer-term	T079	C0443252
27882558	1489	1505	surgical outcome	T080	C0085415
27882558	1510	1513	SGS	T047	C2931158
27882558	1523	1531	research	T062	C0035168
27882558	1562	1569	factors	T169	C1521761
27882558	1574	1586	pretreatment	T079	C2709094
27882558	1587	1602	voice disorders	T047	C0042940
27882558	1627	1637	treatments	T061	C0087111
27882558	1646	1656	population	T098	C1257890

27882587|t|"Pushing the Button While Pushing the Argument": Motor Priming of Abstract Action Language
27882587|a|In a behavioral study we analyzed the influence of visual action primes on abstract action sentence processing. We thereby aimed at investigating mental motor involvement during processes of meaning constitution of action verbs in abstract contexts. In the first experiment, participants executed either congruous or incongruous movements parallel to a video prime. In the second experiment, we added a no-movement condition. After the execution of the movement, participants rendered a sensibility judgment on action sentence targets. It was expected that congruous movements would facilitate both concrete and abstract action sentence comprehension in comparison to the incongruous and the no-movement condition. Results in Experiment 1 showed a concreteness effect but no effect of motor priming. Experiment 2 revealed a concreteness effect as well as an interaction effect of the sentence and the movement condition. The findings indicate an involvement of motor processes in abstract action language processing on a behavioral level.
27882587	49	54	Motor	T029	C0026607
27882587	55	62	Priming	T041	C3825344
27882587	66	90	Abstract Action Language	T171	C0023008
27882587	96	106	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27882587	107	112	study	T062	C2603343
27882587	116	124	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27882587	129	138	influence	T077	C4054723
27882587	142	148	visual	T169	C0234621
27882587	149	155	action	T052	C3266814
27882587	156	162	primes	T041	C3825344
27882587	166	190	abstract action sentence	T170	C0876929
27882587	191	201	processing	T041	C0025361
27882587	223	236	investigating	T169	C1292732
27882587	237	249	mental motor	T041	C0009240
27882587	250	261	involvement	T169	C1314939
27882587	282	289	meaning	T080	C0871571
27882587	290	302	constitution	T089	C0009807
27882587	306	312	action	T052	C3266814
27882587	313	318	verbs	T170	C0871946
27882587	322	330	abstract	T057	C0000857
27882587	331	339	contexts	T078	C0449255
27882587	354	364	experiment	T062	C0681814
27882587	366	378	participants	T098	C0679646
27882587	395	404	congruous	T033	C0332516
27882587	408	419	incongruous	T082	C0332514
27882587	420	429	movements	T040	C0026649
27882587	444	449	video	T170	C3463807
27882587	450	455	prime	T041	C3825344
27882587	471	481	experiment	T062	C0681814
27882587	494	505	no-movement	T033	C4036164
27882587	506	515	condition	T080	C0348080
27882587	527	536	execution	T052	C1705848
27882587	544	552	movement	T040	C0026649
27882587	554	566	participants	T098	C0679646
27882587	590	598	judgment	T041	C0022423
27882587	602	608	action	T052	C3266814
27882587	609	617	sentence	T170	C0876929
27882587	648	657	congruous	T033	C0332516
27882587	658	667	movements	T040	C0026649
27882587	690	698	concrete	UnknownType	C0679194
27882587	703	727	abstract action sentence	T170	C0876929
27882587	728	741	comprehension	T041	C0162340
27882587	745	755	comparison	T052	C1707455
27882587	763	774	incongruous	T082	C0332514
27882587	783	794	no-movement	T033	C4036164
27882587	795	804	condition	T080	C0348080
27882587	806	813	Results	T169	C1274040
27882587	817	827	Experiment	T062	C0681814
27882587	839	851	concreteness	UnknownType	C0679194
27882587	852	858	effect	T080	C1280500
27882587	863	872	no effect	T080	C1301751
27882587	876	881	motor	T029	C0026607
27882587	882	889	priming	T041	C3825344
27882587	891	901	Experiment	T062	C0681814
27882587	915	927	concreteness	UnknownType	C0679194
27882587	928	934	effect	T080	C1280500
27882587	949	960	interaction	T169	C1704675
27882587	961	967	effect	T080	C1280500
27882587	975	983	sentence	T170	C0876929
27882587	992	1000	movement	T040	C0026649
27882587	1001	1010	condition	T080	C0348080
27882587	1016	1024	findings	T033	C0243095
27882587	1037	1048	involvement	T169	C1314939
27882587	1052	1067	motor processes	T040	C0870922
27882587	1071	1095	abstract action language	T171	C0023008
27882587	1112	1122	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27882587	1123	1128	level	T080	C0441889

27883264|t|Mucosa - associated biohydrogenating microbes protect the simulated colon microbiome from stress associated with high concentrations of poly-unsaturated fat
27883264|a|Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may affect colon microbiome homeostasis by exerting (specific) antimicrobial effects and/or interfering with mucosal biofilm formation at the gut mucosal interface. We used standardized batch incubations and the Mucosal-Simulator of the Human Microbial Intestinal Ecosystem (M-SHIME) to show the in vitro luminal and mucosal effects of the main PUFA in the Western diet, linoleic acid (LA). High concentrations of LA were found to decrease butyrate production and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii numbers dependent on LA biohydrogenation to vaccenic acid (VA) and stearic acid (SA). In faecal batch incubations, LA biohydrogenation and butyrate production were positively correlated and SA did not inhibit butyrate production. In the M-SHIME, addition of a mucosal environment stimulated biohydrogenation to SA and protected F. prausnitzii from inhibition by LA. This was probably due to the preference of two biohydrogenating genera Roseburia and Pseudobutyrivibrio for the mucosal niche. Co-culture batch incubations using Roseburia hominis and F. prausnitzii validated these observations. Correlations networks further uncovered the central role of Roseburia and Pseudobutyrivibrio in protecting luminal and mucosal SHIME microbiota from LA - induced stress. Our results confirm how cross-shielding interactions provide resilience to the microbiome and demonstrate the importance of biohydrogenating, mucosal bacteria for recovery from LA stress.
27883264	0	6	Mucosa	T031	C0026727
27883264	9	19	associated	T080	C0332281
27883264	20	45	biohydrogenating microbes	T001	C0445623
27883264	68	73	colon	T204	C3888384
27883264	74	84	microbiome	T001	C1956108
27883264	90	96	stress	T033	C0038435
27883264	97	112	associated with	T080	C0332281
27883264	113	132	high concentrations	T081	C1446561
27883264	136	156	poly-unsaturated fat	T109,T168	C2362518
27883264	157	184	Polyunsaturated fatty acids	T109,T123	C0032615
27883264	186	191	PUFAs	T109,T123	C0032615
27883264	204	209	colon	T204	C3888384
27883264	210	220	microbiome	T001	C1956108
27883264	221	232	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27883264	236	244	exerting	T040	C0015264
27883264	246	254	specific	T080	C0205369
27883264	256	269	antimicrobial	T195	C0003232
27883264	270	277	effects	T080	C1280500
27883264	302	309	mucosal	T031	C0026727
27883264	310	317	biofilm	T167	C1561572
27883264	318	327	formation	T169	C1522492
27883264	335	356	gut mucosal interface	T023	C0836209
27883264	366	396	standardized batch incubations	T059	C1439852
27883264	405	466	Mucosal-Simulator of the Human Microbial Intestinal Ecosystem	T170	C0282574
27883264	468	475	M-SHIME	T170	C0282574
27883264	489	497	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27883264	498	505	luminal	T030	C0524461
27883264	510	517	mucosal	T031	C0026727
27883264	518	528	effects of	T080	C1704420
27883264	538	542	PUFA	T109,T123	C0032615
27883264	550	562	Western diet	T061	C3849996
27883264	564	577	linoleic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27883264	579	581	LA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27883264	584	603	High concentrations	T081	C1446561
27883264	607	609	LA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27883264	624	632	decrease	T081	C0547047
27883264	633	641	butyrate	T109	C0006521
27883264	642	652	production	T169	C0205245
27883264	657	685	Faecalibacterium prausnitzii	T007	C0317558
27883264	707	709	LA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27883264	710	726	biohydrogenation	T070	C0020286
27883264	730	743	vaccenic acid	T109	C0301702
27883264	745	747	VA	T109	C0301702
27883264	753	765	stearic acid	T109,T121	C0038229
27883264	767	769	SA	T109,T121	C0038229
27883264	775	781	faecal	T031	C0015733
27883264	782	799	batch incubations	T059	C1439852
27883264	801	803	LA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27883264	804	820	biohydrogenation	T070	C0020286
27883264	825	833	butyrate	T109	C0006521
27883264	834	844	production	T169	C0205245
27883264	850	871	positively correlated	T080	C1707520
27883264	876	878	SA	T109,T121	C0038229
27883264	887	894	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27883264	895	903	butyrate	T109	C0006521
27883264	904	914	production	T169	C0205245
27883264	923	930	M-SHIME	T170	C0282574
27883264	946	953	mucosal	T031	C0026727
27883264	954	965	environment	T082	C0014406
27883264	966	976	stimulated	T070	C1948023
27883264	977	993	biohydrogenation	T070	C0020286
27883264	997	999	SA	T109,T121	C0038229
27883264	1014	1028	F. prausnitzii	T007	C0317558
27883264	1034	1044	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27883264	1048	1050	LA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27883264	1081	1091	preference	T078	C0558295
27883264	1099	1115	biohydrogenating	T070	C0020286
27883264	1116	1122	genera	T185	C1708235
27883264	1123	1132	Roseburia	T007	C0995401
27883264	1137	1155	Pseudobutyrivibrio	T007	C1012458
27883264	1164	1171	mucosal	T031	C0026727
27883264	1179	1189	Co-culture	T059	C0282547
27883264	1190	1207	batch incubations	T059	C1439852
27883264	1214	1231	Roseburia hominis	T007	C1667633
27883264	1236	1250	F. prausnitzii	T007	C0317558
27883264	1251	1260	validated	T062	C1519941
27883264	1267	1279	observations	T062	C0302523
27883264	1281	1293	Correlations	T080	C1707520
27883264	1294	1302	networks	T169	C1882071
27883264	1341	1350	Roseburia	T007	C0995401
27883264	1355	1373	Pseudobutyrivibrio	T007	C1012458
27883264	1388	1395	luminal	T030	C0524461
27883264	1400	1424	mucosal SHIME microbiota	T059	C3496041
27883264	1430	1432	LA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27883264	1435	1449	induced stress	T033	C0038435
27883264	1455	1462	results	T169	C1274040
27883264	1475	1503	cross-shielding interactions	T169	C1704675
27883264	1530	1540	microbiome	T001	C1956108
27883264	1561	1571	importance	T080	C3898777
27883264	1575	1591	biohydrogenating	T070	C0020286
27883264	1593	1600	mucosal	T031	C0026727
27883264	1601	1609	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27883264	1614	1622	recovery	T052	C0237820
27883264	1628	1630	LA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
27883264	1631	1637	stress	T033	C0038435

27884163|t|Chronic adiponectin deficiency leads to Alzheimer's disease -like cognitive impairments and pathologies through AMPK inactivation and cerebral insulin resistance in aged mice
27884163|a|Insulin resistance is the major pathogenesis underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and these patients have doubled risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing evidence suggests that insulin resistance plays an important role in AD pathogenesis, possibly due to abnormal GSK3β activation, causing intra- and extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation. Adiponectin (APN) is an adipokine with insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory effects. Reduced circulatory APN level is associated with insulin resistance and T2DM. The role of APN in AD has not been elucidated. In this study, we aim to examine if adiponectin deficiency would lead to cerebral insulin resistance, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's-like pathology in mice. To study the role of adiponectin in cognitive functions, we employed adiponectin-knockout (APN-KO) mice and demonstrated chronic APN deficiency in their CNS. Behavioral tests were performed to study the cognitions of male APN-KO mice. Brains and tissue lysates were collected to study the pathophysiological and molecular changes in the brain of APN-KO mice. SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line was used to study the molecular mechanism upon APN and insulin treatment. Aged APN -deficient mice displayed spatial memory and learning impairments, fear-conditioned memory deficit as well as anxiety. These mice also developed AD pathologies including increased cerebral Aβ42 level, Aβ deposition, hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins, microgliosis and astrogliosis with increased cerebral IL-1β and TNFα levels that associated with increased neuronal apoptosis and reduced synaptic proteins levels, suggesting APN deficiency may lead to neuronal and synaptic loss in the brain. AD pathologies -associated APN - KO mice displayed attenuated AMPK phosphorylation and impaired insulin signaling including decreased Akt induction and increased GSK3β activation in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Aged APN -KO mice developed hippocampal insulin resistance with reduced pAkt induction upon intracerebral insulin injection. Consistently, APN treatment in SH-SY5Y cells with insulin resistance and overexpressing Aβ induce higher pAkt levels through AdipoR1 upon insulin treatment whereas the induction was blocked by compound C, indicating APN can enhance neuronal insulin sensitivity through AMPK activation. Our results indicated that chronic APN deficiency inactivated AMPK causing insulin desensitization and elicited AD-like pathogenesis in aged mice which also developed significant cognitive impairments and psychiatric symptoms.
27884163	0	7	Chronic	T079	C0205191
27884163	8	30	adiponectin deficiency	T047	C2675518
27884163	40	59	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27884163	66	87	cognitive impairments	T048	C0338656
27884163	92	103	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27884163	112	116	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27884163	134	142	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27884163	143	161	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27884163	165	169	aged	T032	C0001779
27884163	170	174	mice	T015	C0026809
27884163	175	193	Insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27884163	207	219	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27884163	231	255	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27884163	257	261	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27884163	273	281	patients	T101	C0030705
27884163	295	299	risk	T078	C0035647
27884163	303	322	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27884163	324	326	AD	T047	C0002395
27884163	363	381	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27884163	412	424	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27884163	451	456	GSK3β	T116,T126	C0244989
27884163	457	467	activation	T044	C0014429
27884163	477	483	intra-	T026	C0175996
27884163	488	501	extracellular	T026	C0521119
27884163	502	514	amyloid-beta	T116	C3484390
27884163	516	518	Aβ	T116	C3484390
27884163	534	545	Adiponectin	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	547	550	APN	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	558	567	adipokine	T116,T123	C1955907
27884163	597	622	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
27884163	644	647	APN	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	673	691	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27884163	696	700	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27884163	714	717	APN	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	721	723	AD	T047	C0002395
27884163	757	762	study	T062	C2603343
27884163	785	807	adiponectin deficiency	T047	C2675518
27884163	785	807	adiponectin deficiency	T047	C2675518
27884163	822	830	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27884163	831	849	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27884163	851	868	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656
27884163	873	899	Alzheimer's-like pathology	T046	C0699748
27884163	903	907	mice	T015	C0026809
27884163	912	917	study	T062	C2603343
27884163	930	941	adiponectin	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	945	964	cognitive functions	T041	C0392335
27884163	978	998	adiponectin-knockout	T050	C1522225
27884163	999	1012	(APN-KO) mice	T015	C0206745
27884163	1030	1037	chronic	T079	C0205191
27884163	1038	1052	APN deficiency	T047	C2675518
27884163	1062	1065	CNS	T022	C3714787
27884163	1067	1083	Behavioral tests	T060	C0683444
27884163	1102	1107	study	T062	C2603343
27884163	1112	1122	cognitions	T041	C0009240
27884163	1126	1130	male	T032	C0086582
27884163	1131	1142	APN-KO mice	T015	C0206745
27884163	1144	1150	Brains	T023	C0006104
27884163	1155	1161	tissue	T024	C0040300
27884163	1162	1169	lysates	T072	C1881488
27884163	1188	1193	study	T062	C2603343
27884163	1221	1238	molecular changes	T044	C1148560
27884163	1246	1251	brain	T023	C0006104
27884163	1255	1266	APN-KO mice	T015	C0206745
27884163	1268	1299	SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line	T025	C0007600
27884163	1312	1317	study	T062	C2603343
27884163	1322	1341	molecular mechanism	T044	C3537153
27884163	1347	1350	APN	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	1355	1372	insulin treatment	T061	C0745343
27884163	1374	1378	Aged	T032	C0001779
27884163	1379	1382	APN	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	1394	1398	mice	T015	C0026809
27884163	1409	1423	spatial memory	T041	C0814087
27884163	1428	1436	learning	T041	C0023185
27884163	1437	1448	impairments	T046	C0684336
27884163	1450	1466	fear-conditioned	T041	C1510535
27884163	1467	1481	memory deficit	T048	C0233794
27884163	1493	1500	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27884163	1508	1512	mice	T015	C0026809
27884163	1528	1530	AD	T047	C0002395
27884163	1531	1542	pathologies	T046	C0699748
27884163	1563	1571	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27884163	1572	1576	Aβ42	T116,T123	C0169424
27884163	1584	1586	Aβ	T116	C3484390
27884163	1599	1631	hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins	T116,T123	C0085401
27884163	1633	1645	microgliosis	T046	C3686874
27884163	1650	1662	astrogliosis	T046	C0017639
27884163	1678	1686	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27884163	1687	1692	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27884163	1697	1701	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27884163	1740	1758	neuronal apoptosis	T043	C1660771
27884163	1771	1779	synaptic	T030	C0229984
27884163	1780	1795	proteins levels	T034	C0428479
27884163	1808	1822	APN deficiency	T047	C2675518
27884163	1835	1843	neuronal	T129	C0521390
27884163	1869	1874	brain	T023	C0006104
27884163	1876	1878	AD	T047	C0002395
27884163	1879	1890	pathologies	T169	C1521733
27884163	1903	1906	APN	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	1909	1916	KO mice	T015	C0206745
27884163	1938	1942	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27884163	1943	1958	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27884163	1972	1989	insulin signaling	T044	C1512804
27884163	2010	2013	Akt	T116,T126	C0014442
27884163	2038	2043	GSK3β	T116,T126	C0244989
27884163	2044	2054	activation	T044	C0014429
27884163	2062	2073	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27884163	2078	2092	frontal cortex	T023	C0016733
27884163	2094	2098	Aged	T032	C0001779
27884163	2099	2102	APN	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	2107	2111	mice	T015	C0026809
27884163	2122	2133	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
27884163	2134	2152	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27884163	2166	2170	pAkt	T116,T126	C0014442
27884163	2200	2217	insulin injection	T061	C0199782
27884163	2233	2236	APN	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	2237	2246	treatment	T061	C0087111
27884163	2250	2263	SH-SY5Y cells	UnknownType	C0815000
27884163	2269	2287	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27884163	2292	2306	overexpressing	T045	C1171362
27884163	2307	2309	Aβ	T116	C3484390
27884163	2324	2328	pAkt	T116,T126	C0014442
27884163	2344	2351	AdipoR1	T116,T192	C1259440
27884163	2357	2374	insulin treatment	T061	C0745343
27884163	2401	2408	blocked	T046	C0028778
27884163	2412	2422	compound C	T103	C1706082
27884163	2435	2438	APN	T116,T123	C0389071
27884163	2451	2459	neuronal	T129	C0521390
27884163	2460	2479	insulin sensitivity	T046	C0920563
27884163	2488	2492	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27884163	2532	2539	chronic	T079	C0205191
27884163	2540	2554	APN deficiency	T047	C2675518
27884163	2567	2571	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27884163	2617	2637	AD-like pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27884163	2641	2645	aged	T032	C0001779
27884163	2646	2650	mice	T015	C0026809
27884163	2684	2705	cognitive impairments	T048	C0338656
27884163	2710	2730	psychiatric symptoms	T184	C0233401

27884439|t|Genetic parameters for tick count and udder health in commercial and indigenous ewes in South Africa
27884439|a|The genetics of tick infestation in sheep need study, as host resistance often forms part of integrated pest control programs. Repeated udder health scores, site-specific tick count, mating weight and reproduction records (N=879-1204) were recorded annually from 2010 to 2015 on ewes of the indigenous Namaqua Afrikaner (NA) fat-tailed breed, as well as the commercial Dorper and SA Mutton Merino (SAMM) breeds. Udder s were scored subjectively on a 1-5 scale (1 - udder intact and 5 - udder damaged severely) and ticks were counted on three locations. The body sites counted were the head and thoracic limb (HTLTC), udder-pelvic limb (UPLTC) and perineum-breech-tail (PBTTC). These counts were also totaled for a total tick count (TTC). Reproduction traits were number of lambs weaned per ewe lambed and total weight of lamb weaned per ewe lambed. Udder health scores of NA ewes were lower than those of Dorpers, which in turn had lower scores than SAMM ewes. NA ewes had lower values for HTLTC, UPLTC and TTC than the commercial breeds, but higher values for PBTTC than Dorpers. Heritability estimates amounted to 0.26±0.04 for HTLTC, 0.53±0.04 for UPLTC, 0.07±0.06 for PBTTC, 0.44±0.06 for TTC and 0.61±0.03 for udder health score. Animal permanent environment also affected PBTTC (0.14±0.07). Significant genetic correlations were found between the HTLTC and UPLTC (0.47±0.10), UPLTC and udder health score (0.52±0.07), HTLTC and UPLTC (0.24±0.11) as well as UPLTC and PBTTC (-0.44±0.11). Heavier ewes had higher UPLTC (0.38±0.09), TTC (0.33±0.09) and impaired udder health (0.21±0.08). Udder health score s and tick counts at all sites were not related to reproduction traits. The indigenous NA breed outperformed the commercial breeds with lower values for HTLTC, UPLTC, TTC and a better udder health score. Mechanisms contributing to the better performance of the NA breed under pastoral conditions and the scope for selection for tick tolerance within breeds should be studied further.
27884439	0	7	Genetic	T169	C0314603
27884439	8	18	parameters	T033	C0449381
27884439	23	33	tick count	T081	C0750480
27884439	38	43	udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	44	50	health	T078	C0018684
27884439	54	64	commercial	T170	C0680536
27884439	69	79	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27884439	80	84	ewes	UnknownType	C0699762
27884439	88	100	South Africa	T083	C0037712
27884439	105	113	genetics	T169	C0314603
27884439	117	133	tick infestation	T047	C0040196
27884439	137	142	sheep	T015	C0036945
27884439	158	173	host resistance	T169	C4281815
27884439	205	226	pest control programs	T057	C0031249
27884439	237	242	udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	243	256	health scores	T170	C1550208
27884439	258	271	site-specific	T082	C0449604
27884439	272	282	tick count	T081	C0750480
27884439	284	290	mating	T040	C1260875
27884439	291	297	weight	T081	C0043100
27884439	302	314	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27884439	315	322	records	T170	C0034869
27884439	380	384	ewes	UnknownType	C0699762
27884439	392	402	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27884439	403	420	Namaqua Afrikaner	T015	C1269178
27884439	422	424	NA	T015	C1269178
27884439	426	442	fat-tailed breed	T185	C1704650
27884439	459	469	commercial	T170	C0680536
27884439	470	476	Dorper	T015	C1296152
27884439	481	511	SA Mutton Merino (SAMM) breeds	T015	C1269346
27884439	513	518	Udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	526	532	scored	T081	C0449820
27884439	566	571	udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	572	578	intact	T080	C0205266
27884439	587	592	udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	593	609	damaged severely	T037	C0010957
27884439	615	620	ticks	T047	C0040196
27884439	626	633	counted	T081	C0750480
27884439	637	652	three locations	T029	C1545955
27884439	658	668	body sites	T029	C1545955
27884439	669	676	counted	T081	C0750480
27884439	686	708	head and thoracic limb	T023	C0229962
27884439	710	715	HTLTC	T023	C0229962
27884439	718	735	udder-pelvic limb	T023	C1268092
27884439	737	742	UPLTC	T023	C1268092
27884439	748	768	perineum-breech-tail	T023	C0039259
27884439	770	775	PBTTC	T023	C0039259
27884439	784	790	counts	T081	C0750480
27884439	815	831	total tick count	T081	C0750480
27884439	833	836	TTC	T081	C0750480
27884439	839	851	Reproduction	T040	C0035150
27884439	852	858	traits	T032	C0599883
27884439	874	879	lambs	T015	C1123019
27884439	880	886	weaned	T033	C0043084
27884439	891	901	ewe lambed	T033	C0243095
27884439	922	933	lamb weaned	T033	C0043084
27884439	938	948	ewe lambed	T033	C0243095
27884439	950	955	Udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	956	969	health scores	T170	C1550208
27884439	973	975	NA	T015	C1269178
27884439	976	980	ewes	UnknownType	C0699762
27884439	1006	1013	Dorpers	T015	C1296152
27884439	1051	1055	SAMM	T015	C1269346
27884439	1056	1060	ewes	UnknownType	C0699762
27884439	1062	1064	NA	T015	C1269178
27884439	1065	1069	ewes	UnknownType	C0699762
27884439	1091	1096	HTLTC	T023	C0229962
27884439	1098	1103	UPLTC	T023	C1268092
27884439	1108	1111	TTC	T081	C0750480
27884439	1121	1131	commercial	T170	C0680536
27884439	1132	1138	breeds	T185	C1704650
27884439	1162	1167	PBTTC	T023	C0039259
27884439	1173	1180	Dorpers	T015	C1296152
27884439	1182	1194	Heritability	T033	C4062865
27884439	1195	1204	estimates	T081	C0750572
27884439	1231	1236	HTLTC	T023	C0229962
27884439	1252	1257	UPLTC	T023	C1268092
27884439	1273	1278	PBTTC	T023	C0039259
27884439	1294	1297	TTC	T081	C0750480
27884439	1316	1321	udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	1322	1334	health score	T170	C1550208
27884439	1336	1364	Animal permanent environment	T082	C0871648
27884439	1379	1384	PBTTC	T023	C0039259
27884439	1398	1430	Significant genetic correlations	UnknownType	C0678931
27884439	1454	1459	HTLTC	T023	C0229962
27884439	1464	1469	UPLTC	T023	C1268092
27884439	1483	1488	UPLTC	T023	C1268092
27884439	1493	1498	udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	1499	1511	health score	T170	C1550208
27884439	1525	1530	HTLTC	T023	C0229962
27884439	1535	1540	UPLTC	T023	C1268092
27884439	1564	1569	UPLTC	T023	C1268092
27884439	1574	1579	PBTTC	T023	C0039259
27884439	1602	1606	ewes	UnknownType	C0699762
27884439	1618	1623	UPLTC	T023	C1268092
27884439	1637	1640	TTC	T081	C0750480
27884439	1657	1665	impaired	T169	C0221099
27884439	1666	1671	udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	1672	1678	health	T078	C0018684
27884439	1692	1697	Udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	1698	1710	health score	T170	C1550208
27884439	1717	1728	tick counts	T081	C0750480
27884439	1762	1774	reproduction	T040	C0035150
27884439	1775	1781	traits	T032	C0599883
27884439	1787	1797	indigenous	T102	C1512704
27884439	1798	1800	NA	T015	C1269178
27884439	1801	1806	breed	T185	C1704650
27884439	1824	1834	commercial	T170	C0680536
27884439	1835	1841	breeds	T185	C1704650
27884439	1864	1869	HTLTC	T023	C0229962
27884439	1871	1876	UPLTC	T023	C1268092
27884439	1878	1881	TTC	T081	C0750480
27884439	1895	1900	udder	T023	C0242386
27884439	1901	1913	health score	T170	C1550208
27884439	1972	1974	NA	T015	C1269178
27884439	1975	1980	breed	T185	C1704650
27884439	1987	2006	pastoral conditions	T058	C0030643
27884439	2039	2043	tick	T047	C0040196
27884439	2044	2053	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27884439	2061	2067	breeds	T185	C1704650

27884960|t|Can inorganic phosphate explain sag during unfused tetanic contractions of skeletal muscle?
27884960|a|We test the hypothesis that cytosolic inorganic phosphate (Pi) can account for the contraction - induced reductions in twitch duration which impair summation and cause force to decline (sag) during unfused tetanic contractions of fast-twitch muscle. A five-state model of crossbridge cycling was used to simulate twitch and unfused tetanic contractions. As Pi concentration ([Pi]) was increased from 0 to 30 mmol·L(-1), twitch duration decreased, with progressive reductions in sensitivity to Pi as [Pi] was increased. When unfused tetani were simulated with rising [Pi], sag was most pronounced when initial [Pi] was low, and when the magnitude of [Pi] increase was large. Fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles (sag-prone, typically low basal [Pi]) and slow-twitch soleus muscles (sag - resistant, typically high basal [Pi]) were isolated from 14 female C57BL/6 mice. Muscles were sequentially incubated in solutions containing either glucose or pyruvate to create typical and low Pi environments, respectively. Twitch duration was greater (P < 0.05) in pyruvate than glucose in both muscles. Stimuli applied at intervals approximately three times the time to peak twitch tension resulted in sag of 35.0 ± 3.7% in glucose and 50.5 ± 1.4% in pyruvate in the EDL (pyruvate > glucose; P < 0.05), and 3.9 ± 0.3% in glucose and 37.8 ± 2.7% in pyruvate in the soleus (pyruvate > glucose; P < 0.05). The influence of Pi on crossbridge cycling provides a tenable mechanism for sag. Moreover, the low basal [Pi] in fast-twitch relative to slow-twitch muscle has promise as an explanation for the fiber-type dependency of sag.
27884960	4	23	inorganic phosphate	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	32	35	sag	T080	C1511741
27884960	43	50	unfused	T080	C0205257
27884960	51	71	tetanic contractions	T039	C0026820
27884960	75	90	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
27884960	104	114	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27884960	120	129	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
27884960	130	149	inorganic phosphate	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	151	153	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	175	186	contraction	T039	C0026820
27884960	189	196	induced	T169	C0205263
27884960	197	207	reductions	T070	C0301630
27884960	211	217	twitch	T033	C0231530
27884960	218	226	duration	T079	C0449238
27884960	233	239	impair	T169	C0221099
27884960	260	265	force	T067	C0441722
27884960	269	276	decline	T080	C1511741
27884960	278	281	sag	T080	C1511741
27884960	290	297	unfused	T080	C0205257
27884960	298	318	tetanic contractions	T039	C0026820
27884960	322	340	fast-twitch muscle	T025	C0242873
27884960	344	360	five-state model	T075	C0026336
27884960	364	383	crossbridge cycling	T042	C2265877
27884960	396	404	simulate	T169	C0205173
27884960	405	411	twitch	T033	C0231530
27884960	416	423	unfused	T080	C0205257
27884960	424	444	tetanic contractions	T039	C0026820
27884960	449	451	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	452	465	concentration	T081	C1446561
27884960	468	470	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	477	486	increased	T081	C0205217
27884960	512	518	twitch	T033	C0231530
27884960	519	527	duration	T079	C0449238
27884960	528	537	decreased	T081	C0205216
27884960	544	555	progressive	T169	C0205329
27884960	556	566	reductions	T061	C0441610
27884960	570	581	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27884960	585	587	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	592	594	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	600	609	increased	T081	C0205217
27884960	616	623	unfused	T080	C0205257
27884960	636	645	simulated	T062	C0679083
27884960	659	661	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	664	667	sag	T080	C1511741
27884960	677	687	pronounced	T080	C4288581
27884960	693	700	initial	T079	C0205265
27884960	702	704	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	710	713	low	T080	C0205251
27884960	728	737	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27884960	742	744	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	746	754	increase	T081	C0205217
27884960	759	764	large	T081	C0549177
27884960	766	777	Fast-twitch	T033	C0231530
27884960	778	817	extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles	T023	C0224464
27884960	819	828	sag-prone	T169	C0205245
27884960	851	853	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	860	871	slow-twitch	T033	C0231530
27884960	872	886	soleus muscles	T023	C0242694
27884960	888	891	sag	T080	C1511741
27884960	894	903	resistant	T039	C1514892
27884960	927	929	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	937	945	isolated	T169	C0205409
27884960	954	960	female	T032	C0086287
27884960	961	973	C57BL/6 mice	T015	C1521751
27884960	975	982	Muscles	T024	C0026845
27884960	1001	1010	incubated	T059	C1439852
27884960	1014	1023	solutions	T167	C0037633
27884960	1042	1049	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27884960	1053	1061	pyruvate	T109,T123	C0244104
27884960	1072	1079	typical	T080	C3538928
27884960	1084	1087	low	T080	C0205251
27884960	1088	1090	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	1091	1103	environments	T082	C0014406
27884960	1119	1125	Twitch	T033	C0231530
27884960	1126	1134	duration	T079	C0449238
27884960	1161	1169	pyruvate	T109,T123	C0244104
27884960	1175	1182	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27884960	1191	1198	muscles	T024	C0026845
27884960	1200	1207	Stimuli	T067	C0234402
27884960	1208	1215	applied	T169	C4048755
27884960	1219	1228	intervals	T079	C1272706
27884960	1267	1271	peak	T080	C0444505
27884960	1272	1278	twitch	T033	C0231530
27884960	1279	1286	tension	T033	C1442730
27884960	1299	1302	sag	T080	C1511741
27884960	1321	1328	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27884960	1348	1356	pyruvate	T109,T123	C0244104
27884960	1364	1367	EDL	T023	C0224464
27884960	1369	1377	pyruvate	T109,T123	C0244104
27884960	1380	1387	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27884960	1418	1425	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27884960	1445	1453	pyruvate	T109,T123	C0244104
27884960	1461	1467	soleus	T023	C0242694
27884960	1469	1477	pyruvate	T109,T123	C0244104
27884960	1480	1487	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27884960	1517	1519	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	1523	1542	crossbridge cycling	T042	C2265877
27884960	1554	1571	tenable mechanism	T169	C0441712
27884960	1576	1579	sag	T080	C1511741
27884960	1595	1604	low basal	T033	C1389277
27884960	1606	1608	Pi	T121,T197	C0031603
27884960	1613	1624	fast-twitch	T033	C0231530
27884960	1637	1655	slow-twitch muscle	T033	C0231530
27884960	1674	1685	explanation	T170	C0681841
27884960	1694	1704	fiber-type	T025	C0242697
27884960	1719	1722	sag	T080	C1511741

27885266|t|Electrospray deposition device used to precisely control the matrix crystal to improve the performance of MALDI MSI
27885266|a|MALDI MSI has been recently applied as an innovative tool for detection of molecular distribution within a specific tissue. MALDI MSI requires deposition of an organic compound, known as matrix, on the tissue of interest to assist analyte desorption and ionization, in which the matrix crystal homogeneity and size greatly influence the imaging reproducibility and spatial resolution in MALDI MSI. In this work, a homemade electrospray deposition device was developed for deposition of matrix in MALDI MSI. The device could be used to achieve 1 μm homogeneous matrix crystals in MALDI MSI analysis. Moreover, it was found, for the first time, that the electrospray deposition device could be used to precisely control the matrix crystal size, and the imaging spatial resolution was increased greatly as the matrix crystals size becoming smaller. In addition, the easily-built electrospray deposition device was durable for acid, base or organic solvent, and even could be used for deposition of nanoparticles matrix, which made it unparalleled for MALDI MSI analysis. The feasibility of the electrospray deposition device was investigated by combination with MALDI FTICR MSI to analyze the distributions of lipids in mouse brain and liver cancer tissue section.
27885266	0	30	Electrospray deposition device	T074	C0025080
27885266	61	67	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27885266	68	75	crystal	T104	C0444626
27885266	106	115	MALDI MSI	T059	C0282597
27885266	116	125	MALDI MSI	T059	C0282597
27885266	169	173	tool	T073	C0336791
27885266	178	187	detection	T061	C1511790
27885266	191	200	molecular	T167	C0567416
27885266	201	213	distribution	T039	C1378698
27885266	232	238	tissue	T024	C0040300
27885266	240	249	MALDI MSI	T059	C0282597
27885266	259	269	deposition	T169	C0333562
27885266	276	292	organic compound	T122	C0005479
27885266	303	309	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27885266	318	324	tissue	T024	C0040300
27885266	340	346	assist	T080	C1269765
27885266	347	354	analyte	T167	C0443354
27885266	355	365	desorption	T169	C0391871
27885266	370	380	ionization	T067	C0596801
27885266	395	401	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27885266	402	409	crystal	T104	C0444626
27885266	410	421	homogeneity	T080	C1881065
27885266	426	430	size	T082	C0456389
27885266	439	448	influence	T077	C4054723
27885266	453	460	imaging	T060	C0011923
27885266	461	476	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27885266	481	488	spatial	T082	C0348018
27885266	489	499	resolution	T081	C1706463
27885266	503	512	MALDI MSI	T059	C0282597
27885266	539	569	electrospray deposition device	T074	C0025080
27885266	588	598	deposition	T169	C0333562
27885266	602	608	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27885266	612	621	MALDI MSI	T059	C0282597
27885266	627	633	device	T074	C0025080
27885266	664	675	homogeneous	T080	C1881065
27885266	676	682	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27885266	683	691	crystals	T104	C0444626
27885266	695	704	MALDI MSI	T059	C0282597
27885266	705	713	analysis	T059	C0002778
27885266	768	798	electrospray deposition device	T074	C0025080
27885266	838	844	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27885266	845	852	crystal	T104	C0444626
27885266	853	857	size	T082	C0456389
27885266	867	874	imaging	T060	C0011923
27885266	875	882	spatial	T082	C0348018
27885266	883	893	resolution	T081	C1706463
27885266	923	929	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27885266	930	938	crystals	T104	C0444626
27885266	939	943	size	T082	C0456389
27885266	992	1022	electrospray deposition device	T074	C0025080
27885266	1039	1043	acid	T103	C0001128
27885266	1045	1049	base	T197	C0002055
27885266	1053	1068	organic solvent	T109	C0360100
27885266	1097	1107	deposition	T169	C0333562
27885266	1111	1124	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27885266	1125	1131	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
27885266	1164	1173	MALDI MSI	T059	C0282597
27885266	1174	1182	analysis	T059	C0002778
27885266	1207	1237	electrospray deposition device	T074	C0025080
27885266	1275	1290	MALDI FTICR MSI	T059	C0282597
27885266	1306	1319	distributions	T039	C1378698
27885266	1323	1329	lipids	T109	C0023779
27885266	1333	1338	mouse	T015	C0025929
27885266	1339	1344	brain	T191	C0153633
27885266	1349	1361	liver cancer	T191	C0345904
27885266	1362	1368	tissue	T024	C0040300

27885308|t|Pancreatic Cancer: A Survival Analysis Study in Oklahoma
27885308|a|Pancreatic cancer is among the most deadly cancers. Risk factors associated with the disease include age, race, sex, smoking status, and diabetes status. We conducted a prospective analysis of risk factors and length of survival among pancreatic cancer patients living in Oklahoma between 1997 and 2012 (n=6,291). Kaplan-Meier survival curves were created followed by the log-rank test to compare difference in the survival time. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to examine the strength of association through the estimated hazard ratios. The median survival time of the cohort was three months. Significant risk factors for reduced survival times included age, stage at diagnosis, and year of diagnosis. Results are in agreement with previous research findings. There have been small but noteworthy improvements in survival times for pancreatic cancer patients in Oklahoma. Length of survival during the study period was significantly associated with known risk factors such as age and stage of diagnosis.
27885308	0	17	Pancreatic Cancer	T191	C0235974
27885308	21	38	Survival Analysis	T062	C0038953
27885308	39	44	Study	T062	C2603343
27885308	48	56	Oklahoma	T083	C0028914
27885308	57	74	Pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
27885308	93	107	deadly cancers	T191	C0006826
27885308	109	121	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
27885308	122	137	associated with	T080	C0332281
27885308	142	149	disease	T047	C0012634
27885308	158	161	age	T032	C0001779
27885308	163	167	race	T098	C0034510
27885308	169	172	sex	T032	C0079399
27885308	174	188	smoking status	T201	C1519386
27885308	194	209	diabetes status	T033	C1317301
27885308	226	246	prospective analysis	T062	C0033522
27885308	250	262	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27885308	267	285	length of survival	T079	C0023980
27885308	292	318	pancreatic cancer patients	T101	C1516213
27885308	329	337	Oklahoma	T083	C0028914
27885308	371	399	Kaplan-Meier survival curves	T081	C1720944
27885308	405	412	created	T052	C1706214
27885308	429	442	log-rank test	T169	C0039593
27885308	454	464	difference	T080	C1705242
27885308	472	485	survival time	T201	C2919552
27885308	487	528	Cox proportional hazard regression models	T081,T170	C0033489
27885308	554	577	strength of association	T080	C0205556
27885308	590	599	estimated	T081	C0750572
27885308	600	613	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27885308	619	639	median survival time	T079	C2986586
27885308	647	653	cohort	T098	C0599755
27885308	664	670	months	T079	C0439231
27885308	672	683	Significant	T078	C0750502
27885308	684	696	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27885308	701	708	reduced	T080	C0392756
27885308	709	723	survival times	T201	C2919552
27885308	733	736	age	T032	C0001779
27885308	738	756	stage at diagnosis	T185	C1514952
27885308	762	779	year of diagnosis	T201	C3173168
27885308	781	788	Results	T034	C0456984
27885308	820	837	research findings	T033	C0243095
27885308	865	888	noteworthy improvements	T077	C2986411
27885308	892	906	survival times	T201	C2919552
27885308	911	937	pancreatic cancer patients	T101	C1516213
27885308	941	949	Oklahoma	T083	C0028914
27885308	951	969	Length of survival	T079	C0023980
27885308	981	993	study period	T062	C2347804
27885308	998	1011	significantly	T078	C0750502
27885308	1012	1027	associated with	T080	C0332281
27885308	1034	1046	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27885308	1055	1058	age	T032	C0001779
27885308	1063	1081	stage of diagnosis	T185	C1514952

27886014|t|Embryonic Mutant Huntingtin Aggregate Formation in Mouse Models of Huntington's Disease
27886014|a|The role of aggregate formation in the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease (HD) remains uncertain. However, the temporal appearance of aggregates tends to correlate with the onset of symptoms and the numbers of neuropil aggregates correlate with the progression of clinical disease. Using highly sensitive immunohistochemical methods we have detected the appearance of diffuse aggregates during embryonic development in the R6/2 and YAC128 mouse models of HD. These are initially seen in developing axonal tracts and appear to spread throughout the cerebrum in the early neonate.
27886014	0	9	Embryonic	T018	C0013935
27886014	10	16	Mutant	T028	C0678941
27886014	17	27	Huntingtin	T028	C1415504
27886014	28	47	Aggregate Formation	T169	C0332621
27886014	51	63	Mouse Models	T050	C2986594
27886014	67	87	Huntington's Disease	T047	C0020179
27886014	100	119	aggregate formation	T169	C0332621
27886014	127	142	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27886014	146	166	Huntington's disease	T047	C0020179
27886014	168	170	HD	T047	C0020179
27886014	180	189	uncertain	T033	C0087130
27886014	204	212	temporal	T079	C2362314
27886014	213	223	appearance	T080	C0700364
27886014	227	237	aggregates	T169	C0332621
27886014	266	274	onset of	T080	C0332162
27886014	275	283	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27886014	303	311	neuropil	T026	C0228081
27886014	312	322	aggregates	T169	C0332621
27886014	342	353	progression	T046	C0242656
27886014	357	365	clinical	T080	C0205210
27886014	366	373	disease	T047	C0012634
27886014	398	425	immunohistochemical methods	T059	C1441616
27886014	434	442	detected	T033	C0442726
27886014	447	457	appearance	T080	C0700364
27886014	461	468	diffuse	T082	C0205219
27886014	469	479	aggregates	T169	C0332621
27886014	487	508	embryonic development	T042	C0013936
27886014	516	544	R6/2 and YAC128 mouse models	T050	C2986594
27886014	548	550	HD	T047	C0020179
27886014	591	597	axonal	T026	C0004461
27886014	598	604	tracts	T023	C1185740
27886014	619	625	spread	T080	C0332261
27886014	641	649	cerebrum	T023	C0242202
27886014	657	662	early	T079	C1279919
27886014	663	670	neonate	T100	C0021289

27886041|t|Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa before and after initiation of inhaled tobramycin in Bulgaria
27886041|a|In aim to achieve better infection control and possible eradication of the pathogens involved in chronic infections of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) scientists have developed a new way to administer antimicrobials - inhalation. The first and so far the only available inhalable antimicrobial in Bulgaria is inhaled tobramycin (TOBI), introduced in 2009. We aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients before and after initiation of TOBI in the regular treatment regimen. We have determined the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 17 antimicrobials by the E-test (LIOFILCHEM) in sputa samples of 118 CF patients for the period of 2005-2014. The results were interpreted according to the annual Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. In the sputa of 70 patients a total of 102 P. aeruginosa isolates were found. Sixty-eight out of 102 (66.7%) were susceptible to all studied antimicrobials. We divided the isolates in two chronological groups: those collected before the introduction of TOBI as a regular treatment in 2009 and those collected after 2009. A significant reduction (p < 0,001-0,02) in susceptibility for the strains after 2009 was noted towards piperacillin (100% vs 50%), ceftazidime (100% / 77.3%), cefepime (97.9% / 68.2%), amikacin (100% / 63.6%), gentamicin (95.7% / 40.9%), tobramycin (93.6% / 59.1%) and ciprofloxacin (93.6% / 45.5%). The introduction of inhaled tobramycin as a regular therapy for CF patients in Bulgaria lead to a significant change in antimicrobial susceptibility of CF P. aeruginosa.
27886041	0	28	Antimicrobial susceptibility	T033	C0427965
27886041	32	54	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27886041	55	61	before	T079	C0332152
27886041	66	71	after	T079	C0687676
27886041	72	82	initiation	T169	C1704686
27886041	86	104	inhaled tobramycin	T109,T195	C0723764
27886041	108	116	Bulgaria	T083	C0006368
27886041	142	159	infection control	T058	C0085557
27886041	173	184	eradication	T058	C3178994
27886041	192	201	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27886041	202	210	involved	T169	C1314939
27886041	214	232	chronic infections	T047	C0151317
27886041	236	244	patients	T101	C0030705
27886041	250	265	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
27886041	267	269	CF	T047	C0010674
27886041	271	281	scientists	T097	C0402112
27886041	310	320	administer	T169	C1621583
27886041	321	335	antimicrobials	T195	C0003232
27886041	338	348	inhalation	T169	C0205535
27886041	390	399	inhalable	T040	C0004048
27886041	400	413	antimicrobial	T195	C0003232
27886041	417	425	Bulgaria	T083	C0006368
27886041	429	447	inhaled tobramycin	T109,T195	C0723764
27886041	449	453	TOBI	T109,T195	C0723764
27886041	488	496	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27886041	501	529	antimicrobial susceptibility	T033	C0427965
27886041	533	555	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27886041	556	564	isolates	T123	C3494793
27886041	570	585	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
27886041	587	589	CF	T047	C0010674
27886041	591	599	patients	T101	C0030705
27886041	600	606	before	T079	C0332152
27886041	611	616	after	T079	C0687676
27886041	617	627	initiation	T169	C1704686
27886041	631	635	TOBI	T109,T195	C0723764
27886041	643	650	regular	T080	C0205272
27886041	651	668	treatment regimen	T061	C0040808
27886041	693	725	minimal inhibitory concentration	T059	C0427978
27886041	727	730	MIC	T059	C0427978
27886041	738	752	antimicrobials	T195	C0003232
27886041	760	766	E-test	T060	C1275991
27886041	783	796	sputa samples	T031	C0444159
27886041	804	806	CF	T047	C0010674
27886041	807	815	patients	T101	C0030705
27886041	824	830	period	T079	C1948053
27886041	862	873	interpreted	T169	C1285553
27886041	891	952	annual Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines	T170	C0282574
27886041	961	966	sputa	T031	C0038056
27886041	973	981	patients	T101	C0030705
27886041	997	1010	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27886041	1011	1019	isolates	T123	C3494793
27886041	1068	1079	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27886041	1095	1109	antimicrobials	T195	C0003232
27886041	1126	1134	isolates	T123	C3494793
27886041	1142	1155	chronological	T170	C0008717
27886041	1156	1162	groups	T078	C0441833
27886041	1170	1179	collected	T169	C1516698
27886041	1180	1186	before	T079	C0332152
27886041	1191	1203	introduction	T169	C0579004
27886041	1207	1211	TOBI	T109,T195	C0723764
27886041	1217	1224	regular	T080	C0205272
27886041	1225	1234	treatment	T169	C0039798
27886041	1253	1262	collected	T169	C1516698
27886041	1263	1268	after	T079	C0687676
27886041	1277	1288	significant	T078	C0750502
27886041	1289	1298	reduction	T080	C0392756
27886041	1319	1333	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
27886041	1342	1349	strains	T001	C1518614
27886041	1350	1355	after	T079	C0687676
27886041	1379	1391	piperacillin	T109,T195	C0031955
27886041	1407	1418	ceftazidime	T109,T195	C0007559
27886041	1435	1443	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
27886041	1461	1469	amikacin	T109,T195	C0002499
27886041	1486	1496	gentamicin	T109,T195	C3854019
27886041	1514	1524	tobramycin	T109,T195	C0040341
27886041	1545	1558	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
27886041	1596	1614	inhaled tobramycin	T109,T195	C0723764
27886041	1628	1635	therapy	T061	C0087111
27886041	1640	1642	CF	T047	C0010674
27886041	1643	1651	patients	T101	C0030705
27886041	1655	1663	Bulgaria	T083	C0006368
27886041	1674	1685	significant	T078	C0750502
27886041	1686	1692	change	T081	C0443172
27886041	1696	1724	antimicrobial susceptibility	T033	C0427965
27886041	1728	1730	CF	T047	C0010674
27886041	1731	1744	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809

27886280|t|Starvation - and antibiotics -induced formation of persister cells in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
27886280|a|Planktonic stationary and exponential cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are highly resistant to killing by bactericidal antimicrobials because of the presence of persisters, cells that are multidrug tolerant and play a key role in the recalcitrance of biofilm infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the formation of persister cells in P. aeruginosa stationary vs. exponential cultures using different class antimicrobials. The susceptibilities of P. aeruginosa PAO1 wild-type and mutant strains to antimicrobials were determined by standard microtiter broth dilution method. In order to determine persister formation, dose - and time -dependent killing experiments were performed with antibiotics. Ceftazidime (Cephalosporin) showed little efficacy against either culture. Stationary-phase cells were more tolerant to imipenem (Carbapenem) than exponential cells, leaving a small fraction of persisters at high imipenem concentration in both populations. Polymyxin B (Polymyxin) appeared to be ineffective at low concentrations against both cell populations. Very high polymyxin B concentration completely eradicated exponential cells and regrowth was seen in a stationary population. Stationary cells were more tolerant to tobramycin (Aminoglycoside) than exponential cells but a higher concentration of tobramycin completely eliminated survivors. Ciprofloxacin (Fluoroquinolone) at a low concentration resulted in killing of both cultures of P. aeruginosa, producing persisters that were invulnerable to killing. Stationary cells appear to be somewhat more tolerant than exponential cells in all of these assays. We also showed that nutrient deprivation (serine starvation) regulated by stringent and general stress response, contribute to the increased tolerance of P. aeruginosa exponential and stationary planktonic cells via production of persisters.
27886280	0	10	Starvation	T033	C0038187
27886280	17	28	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27886280	38	47	formation	T043	C0007613
27886280	51	66	persister cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	70	92	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27886280	93	103	Planktonic	T007,T204	C0032071
27886280	104	139	stationary and exponential cultures	T059	C0430402
27886280	143	165	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27886280	170	186	highly resistant	T169	C0332325
27886280	190	197	killing	T033	C1306577
27886280	201	228	bactericidal antimicrobials	T195	C0003232
27886280	256	266	persisters	T007	C0563199
27886280	268	273	cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	283	301	multidrug tolerant	T033	C0013220
27886280	329	342	recalcitrance	T169	C0205245
27886280	346	353	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27886280	354	364	infections	T046	C3714514
27886280	382	387	study	T170	C0085973
27886280	395	406	investigate	T169	C1292732
27886280	411	420	formation	T043	C0007613
27886280	424	439	persister cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	443	456	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27886280	457	467	stationary	T059	C0430402
27886280	472	492	exponential cultures	T059	C0430402
27886280	499	508	different	T080	C1705242
27886280	509	514	class	T170	C0456387
27886280	515	529	antimicrobials	T195	C0003232
27886280	535	551	susceptibilities	T169	C1264642
27886280	555	583	P. aeruginosa PAO1 wild-type	T007	C0033809
27886280	588	602	mutant strains	T001	C1518614
27886280	606	620	antimicrobials	T195	C0003232
27886280	640	681	standard microtiter broth dilution method	T059	C2827874
27886280	705	714	persister	T007	C0563199
27886280	715	724	formation	T043	C0007613
27886280	726	730	dose	T081	C1512045
27886280	737	741	time	T079	C0040223
27886280	753	772	killing experiments	T059	C0022885
27886280	778	787	performed	T169	C0884358
27886280	793	804	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
27886280	806	817	Ceftazidime	T109,T195	C0007559
27886280	819	832	Cephalosporin	T109,T195	C3536856
27886280	848	856	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27886280	872	879	culture	T059	C0430402
27886280	881	903	Stationary-phase cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	914	922	tolerant	T033	C0013220
27886280	926	934	imipenem	T109,T195	C0020933
27886280	936	946	Carbapenem	T109,T195	C0006968
27886280	953	970	exponential cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	988	999	fraction of	T081	C1264633
27886280	1000	1010	persisters	T007	C0563199
27886280	1014	1018	high	T080	C0205250
27886280	1019	1027	imipenem	T109,T195	C0020933
27886280	1028	1041	concentration	T081	C0392762
27886280	1050	1061	populations	T098	C1257890
27886280	1063	1074	Polymyxin B	T116,T195	C0032535
27886280	1076	1085	Polymyxin	T116,T195	C0032539
27886280	1117	1135	low concentrations	T081	C0392762
27886280	1149	1165	cell populations	T098	C1257890
27886280	1177	1188	polymyxin B	T116,T195	C0032535
27886280	1189	1202	concentration	T081	C0392762
27886280	1225	1242	exponential cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	1247	1255	regrowth	T169	C0205245
27886280	1270	1291	stationary population	T098	C1257890
27886280	1293	1309	Stationary cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	1320	1328	tolerant	T033	C0013220
27886280	1332	1342	tobramycin	T109,T195	C0040341
27886280	1344	1358	Aminoglycoside	T109,T121	C0002556
27886280	1365	1382	exponential cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	1389	1409	higher concentration	T081	C0392762
27886280	1413	1423	tobramycin	T109,T195	C0040341
27886280	1435	1445	eliminated	T080	C0849355
27886280	1446	1455	survivors	T078	C0441833
27886280	1457	1470	Ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
27886280	1472	1487	Fluoroquinolone	T109,T121	C0949665
27886280	1494	1511	low concentration	T081	C0392762
27886280	1524	1531	killing	T033	C1306577
27886280	1540	1548	cultures	T059	C0430402
27886280	1552	1565	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27886280	1577	1587	persisters	T007	C0563199
27886280	1614	1621	killing	T033	C1306577
27886280	1623	1639	Stationary cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	1667	1675	tolerant	T033	C0013220
27886280	1681	1698	exponential cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	1715	1721	assays	T059	C0005507
27886280	1743	1751	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27886280	1752	1763	deprivation	T080	C0871712
27886280	1765	1771	serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27886280	1772	1782	starvation	T033	C0038187
27886280	1797	1834	stringent and general stress response	T039	C0149784
27886280	1854	1873	increased tolerance	T033	C0151956
27886280	1877	1890	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27886280	1891	1934	exponential and stationary planktonic cells	T007	C0563199
27886280	1939	1949	production	T043	C0007613
27886280	1953	1963	persisters	T007	C0563199

27886772|t|Selective and sensitive electrochemical device for direct VB2 determination in real products
27886772|a|The developed by us electrochemical device for vitamin B2 (VB2; riboflavin) determination, without preconcentration step, in real products exhibits high sensitivity, selectivity, stability and low detection limit compared to those described in the literature. The determination procedure was based on the monitoring of the reduction current signal of VB2 bound with dsDNA anchored to the electrode surface through intermediary - carboxyphenyl layer. The application of such intermediary layer formed during electroreduction of appropriate diazonium salt at CV peak potential guarantees high efficiency of hybridization process and thus fully available places for VB2 interaction. Moreover, such intermediary layer provides good electrical contact, what is very important in the case of electrochemical sensors. The analytical range of work of the proposed VB2 sensor was between 0.08-1µM (30-377μgL(-1)) of riboflavin concentration. The obtained detection (LOD) and quantification limits (LOQ) were 24±2 and 55±5μgL(-1), respectively. The proposed VB2 detection method was used for determination of riboflavin content in commercially available dietary supplements and yolk of hen egg samples. The accuracy of the obtained data was proved using comparison with an independent method (HPLC FLD).
27886772	0	9	Selective	T080	C0205556
27886772	14	23	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27886772	24	46	electrochemical device	T073	C0699733
27886772	51	57	direct	T080	C1947931
27886772	58	61	VB2	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27886772	62	75	determination	T059	C1148554
27886772	79	92	real products	T071	C1514468
27886772	113	135	electrochemical device	T073	C0699733
27886772	140	150	vitamin B2	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27886772	152	155	VB2	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27886772	157	167	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27886772	169	182	determination	T059	C1148554
27886772	192	208	preconcentration	T067	C1254366
27886772	209	213	step	T077	C1261552
27886772	218	231	real products	T071	C1514468
27886772	241	245	high	T080	C0205250
27886772	246	257	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27886772	259	270	selectivity	T080	C0205556
27886772	272	281	stability	T080	C0205360
27886772	286	289	low	T080	C0205251
27886772	290	305	detection limit	T081	C2718050
27886772	306	314	compared	T052	C1707455
27886772	357	370	determination	T059	C1148554
27886772	371	380	procedure	T169	C2700391
27886772	398	408	monitoring	T058	C1283169
27886772	416	425	reduction	T070	C0301630
27886772	426	433	current	T070	C1705970
27886772	434	440	signal	T067	C1710082
27886772	444	447	VB2	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27886772	448	453	bound	T082	C0332297
27886772	459	464	dsDNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27886772	481	490	electrode	T074	C0013812
27886772	491	498	surface	T082	C0205148
27886772	507	519	intermediary	T082	C0205103
27886772	522	541	carboxyphenyl layer	T080	C0205556
27886772	547	558	application	T169	C1632850
27886772	567	579	intermediary	T082	C0205103
27886772	580	585	layer	T080	C0205556
27886772	600	616	electroreduction	T070	C1254365
27886772	620	631	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27886772	632	646	diazonium salt	T109	C1289946
27886772	650	652	CV	UnknownType	C0683134
27886772	653	657	peak	T080	C0444505
27886772	658	667	potential	T070	C0596483
27886772	679	683	high	T080	C0205250
27886772	684	694	efficiency	T080	C0442799
27886772	698	719	hybridization process	T070	C1254365
27886772	756	759	VB2	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27886772	760	771	interaction	T169	C1704675
27886772	788	800	intermediary	T082	C0205103
27886772	801	806	layer	T080	C0205556
27886772	821	831	electrical	T169	C0442828
27886772	832	839	contact	T169	C0205245
27886772	871	875	case	T170	C0085973
27886772	879	902	electrochemical sensors	T073	C0183210
27886772	949	952	VB2	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27886772	953	959	sensor	T073	C0183210
27886772	1000	1010	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27886772	1011	1024	concentration	UnknownType	C0678563
27886772	1030	1038	obtained	T169	C1301820
27886772	1039	1048	detection	T081	C2718050
27886772	1050	1053	LOD	T081	C2718050
27886772	1059	1080	quantification limits	T081	C1709793
27886772	1082	1085	LOQ	T081	C0392762
27886772	1141	1144	VB2	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27886772	1145	1154	detection	T033	C0442726
27886772	1155	1161	method	T169	C0449851
27886772	1175	1188	determination	T059	C1148554
27886772	1192	1202	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
27886772	1203	1210	content	T077	C0456205
27886772	1214	1226	commercially	T170	C0680536
27886772	1237	1256	dietary supplements	T168	C0242295
27886772	1261	1265	yolk	T168	C0013707
27886772	1269	1272	hen	T012	C0005595
27886772	1273	1284	egg samples	T168	C0013710
27886772	1290	1298	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27886772	1315	1319	data	T078	C1511726
27886772	1337	1347	comparison	T052	C1707455
27886772	1356	1367	independent	T078	C0085862
27886772	1368	1374	method	T169	C0449851
27886772	1376	1384	HPLC FLD	T059	C4054775

27887018|t|Case report: imaging the clinical course of FOPE -a cause of adolescent knee pain
27887018|a|Focal periphyseal oedema (FOPE) is a rare MRI finding associated with pain in adolescent patients with very few reported cases. We present a case of FOPE in a 13-year-old girl and the only follow-up imaging available for an isolated presentation of this condition .This article describes a clinical course that correlates well with the imaging obtained. This article describes a clinical course that correlates well with the imaging obtained.
27887018	0	11	Case report	T170	C0007320
27887018	25	40	clinical course	T079	C0449259
27887018	44	48	FOPE	T037	C0474990
27887018	61	71	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27887018	72	81	knee pain	T033	C0231749
27887018	82	106	Focal periphyseal oedema	T037	C0474990
27887018	108	112	FOPE	T037	C0474990
27887018	124	127	MRI	T060	C0024485
27887018	128	135	finding	T033	C0243095
27887018	152	156	pain	T184	C0030193
27887018	160	170	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27887018	171	179	patients	T101	C0030705
27887018	185	208	very few reported cases	T033	C1860284
27887018	231	235	FOPE	T037	C0474990
27887018	253	257	girl	T100	C0870604
27887018	271	280	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27887018	281	288	imaging	T060	C0011923
27887018	306	314	isolated	T169	C0205409
27887018	315	327	presentation	T078	C0449450
27887018	336	345	condition	T047	C0012634
27887018	352	359	article	T170	C0007320
27887018	372	387	clinical course	T079	C0449259
27887018	393	403	correlates	T080	C1707520
27887018	418	425	imaging	T060	C0011923
27887018	441	448	article	T170	C0007320
27887018	461	476	clinical course	T079	C0449259
27887018	482	492	correlates	T080	C1707520
27887018	507	514	imaging	T060	C0011923

27887026|t|Chaetomium thermophilum formate dehydrogenase has high activity in the reduction of hydrogen carbonate (HCO3 -) to formate
27887026|a|While formate dehydrogenases (FDHs) have been used for cofactor recycling in chemoenzymatic synthesis, the ability of FDH to reduce CO2 could also be utilized in the conversion of CO2 to useful products via formate (HCOO(-)). In this study, we investigated the reduction of CO2 in the form of hydrogen carbonate (HCO3(-)) to formate by FDHs from Candida methylica (CmFDH) and Chaetomium thermophilum (CtFDH) in a NADH -dependent reaction. The catalytic performance with HCO3(-) as a substrate was evaluated by measuring the kinetic rates and conducting productivity assays. CtFDH showed a higher efficiency in converting HCO3(-) to formate than CmFDH, whereas CmFDH was better in the oxidation of formate. The pH optimum of the reduction was at pH 7-8. However, the high concentrations of HCO3(-) reduced the reaction rate. CtFDH was modeled in the presence of HCO3(-) showing that it fits to the active site. The active site setting for hydride transfer in CO2 reduction was modeled. The hydride donated by NADH would form a favorable contact to the carbon atom of HCO3(-), resulting in a surplus of electrons within the molecule. This would cause the complex formed by hydrogen carbonate and the hydride to break into formate and hydroxide ions.
27887026	0	23	Chaetomium thermophilum	T004	C1225414
27887026	24	45	formate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	71	80	reduction	T070	C0301630
27887026	84	102	hydrogen carbonate	T197	C0973231
27887026	104	110	HCO3 -	T197	C0973231
27887026	115	122	formate	T109,T130	C0220832
27887026	129	151	formate dehydrogenases	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	153	157	FDHs	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	178	186	cofactor	T123	C0178555
27887026	187	196	recycling	T068	C0282114
27887026	200	224	chemoenzymatic synthesis	T044	C1511130
27887026	241	244	FDH	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	255	258	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27887026	289	299	conversion	T169	C0439836
27887026	303	306	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27887026	317	325	products	T071	C1514468
27887026	330	337	formate	T109,T130	C0220832
27887026	339	346	HCOO(-)	T109,T130	C0220832
27887026	367	379	investigated	T169	C1292732
27887026	384	393	reduction	T070	C0301630
27887026	397	400	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27887026	416	434	hydrogen carbonate	T197	C0973231
27887026	436	443	HCO3(-)	T197	C0973231
27887026	448	455	formate	T109,T130	C0220832
27887026	459	463	FDHs	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	469	486	Candida methylica	T004	C1011924
27887026	488	493	CmFDH	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	499	522	Chaetomium thermophilum	T004	C1225414
27887026	524	529	CtFDH	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	536	540	NADH	T114,T121,T123	C0027289
27887026	552	560	reaction	T169	C0443286
27887026	566	587	catalytic performance	T044	C0243102
27887026	593	600	HCO3(-)	T197	C0973231
27887026	606	615	substrate	T167	C3891814
27887026	633	642	measuring	T080	C0444706
27887026	647	660	kinetic rates	T079	C1254367
27887026	676	695	productivity assays	T059	C1510438
27887026	697	702	CtFDH	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	719	729	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27887026	733	743	converting	T169	C0439836
27887026	744	751	HCO3(-)	T197	C0973231
27887026	755	762	formate	T109,T130	C0220832
27887026	768	773	CmFDH	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	783	788	CmFDH	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	807	816	oxidation	T044	C0030011
27887026	820	827	formate	T109,T130	C0220832
27887026	833	835	pH	T081	C0020283
27887026	851	860	reduction	T070	C0301630
27887026	868	870	pH	T081	C0020283
27887026	889	908	high concentrations	T081	C1446561
27887026	912	919	HCO3(-)	T197	C0973231
27887026	932	945	reaction rate	T079	C0678608
27887026	947	952	CtFDH	T116,T126	C0016570
27887026	984	991	HCO3(-)	T197	C0973231
27887026	1020	1031	active site	T169	C0205681
27887026	1037	1048	active site	T169	C0205681
27887026	1061	1077	hydride transfer	T044	C1148560
27887026	1081	1084	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
27887026	1085	1094	reduction	T070	C0301630
27887026	1112	1127	hydride donated	T044	C1148560
27887026	1131	1135	NADH	T114,T121,T123	C0027289
27887026	1174	1185	carbon atom	T196	C0007009
27887026	1189	1196	HCO3(-)	T197	C0973231
27887026	1224	1233	electrons	T196	C0013852
27887026	1245	1253	molecule	T167	C0567416
27887026	1294	1312	hydrogen carbonate	T197	C0973231
27887026	1321	1328	hydride	T196	C0003075
27887026	1343	1350	formate	T109,T130	C0220832
27887026	1355	1369	hydroxide ions	T196	C0220853

27887578|t|Evaluation of an international educational programme for health care professionals on best practice in the management of a perinatal death: IMproving Perinatal mortality Review and Outcomes Via Education (IMPROVE)
27887578|a|Stillbirths and neonatal deaths are devastating events for both parents and clinicians and are global public health concerns. Careful clinical management after these deaths is required, including appropriate investigation and assessment to determine cause (s) to prevent future losses, and to improve bereavement care for families. An educational programme for health care professionals working in maternal and child health has been designed to address these needs according to the Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand Guideline for Perinatal Mortality: IMproving Perinatal mortality Review and Outcomes Via Education (IMPROVE). The programme has a major focus on stillbirth and is delivered as six interactive skills -based stations. We aimed to determine participants ' pre- and post-programme knowledge of and confidence in the management of perinatal deaths, along with satisfaction with the programme. We also aimed to determine suitability for international use. The IMPROVE programme was delivered to health professionals in maternity hospitals in all seven Australian states and territories and modified for use internationally with piloting in Vietnam, Fiji, and the Netherlands (with the assistance of the International Stillbirth Alliance, ISA). Modifications were made to programme materials in consultation with local teams and included translation for the Vietnam programme. Participants completed pre- and post-programme evaluation questionnaires on knowledge and confidence on six key components of perinatal death management as well as a satisfaction questionnaire. Over the period May 2012 to May 2015, 30 IMPROVE workshops were conducted, including 26 with 758 participants in Australia and four with 136 participants internationally. Evaluations showed a significant improvement between pre- and post-programme knowledge and confidence in all six stations and overall, and a high degree of satisfaction in all settings. The IMPROVE programme has been well received in Australia and in three different international settings and is now being made available through ISA. Future research is required to determine whether the immediate improvements in knowledge are sustained with less causes of death being classified as unknown, changes in clinical practice and improvement in parents' experiences with care. The suitability for this programme in low-income countries also needs to be established.
27887578	0	10	Evaluation	T170	C0015196
27887578	17	30	international	T078	C1512888
27887578	31	52	educational programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	57	82	health care professionals	T097	C1704312
27887578	107	117	management	T057	C1273870
27887578	123	132	perinatal	T079	C0178795
27887578	133	138	death	T040	C0011065
27887578	140	203	IMproving Perinatal mortality Review and Outcomes Via Education	T065	C0150562
27887578	205	212	IMPROVE	T065	C0150562
27887578	214	225	Stillbirths	T033	C0595939
27887578	230	245	neonatal deaths	T033	C0410916
27887578	250	268	devastating events	T051	C0441471
27887578	278	285	parents	T099	C0030551
27887578	290	300	clinicians	T080	C0205210
27887578	309	329	global public health	T091	C1456573
27887578	330	338	concerns	T078	C2699424
27887578	348	367	clinical management	T058	C1516615
27887578	380	386	deaths	T040	C0011065
27887578	422	435	investigation	T058	C0220825
27887578	440	450	assessment	T058	C0220825
27887578	515	531	bereavement care	T058	C0085882
27887578	536	544	families	T099	C0015576
27887578	549	570	educational programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	575	600	health care professionals	T097	C1704312
27887578	612	620	maternal	T033	C1858460
27887578	625	637	child health	T058	C0008078
27887578	696	776	Perinatal Society of Australia and New Zealand Guideline for Perinatal Mortality	T170	C0162791
27887578	778	841	IMproving Perinatal mortality Review and Outcomes Via Education	T065	C0150562
27887578	843	850	IMPROVE	T065	C0150562
27887578	857	866	programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	888	898	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
27887578	923	941	interactive skills	T065	C0559197
27887578	949	957	stations	T073	C1883167
27887578	981	993	participants	T098	C0679646
27887578	996	1000	pre-	T065	C0150562
27887578	1005	1019	post-programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	1020	1029	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27887578	1037	1047	confidence	T041	C1704726
27887578	1055	1065	management	T057	C1273870
27887578	1069	1078	perinatal	T079	C0178795
27887578	1079	1085	deaths	T040	C0011065
27887578	1098	1110	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27887578	1120	1129	programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	1174	1187	international	T078	C1512888
27887578	1197	1214	IMPROVE programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	1232	1252	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27887578	1256	1275	maternity hospitals	T093	C0020010
27887578	1289	1299	Australian	T083	C0004340
27887578	1300	1306	states	T083	C1301808
27887578	1311	1322	territories	UnknownType	C0681784
27887578	1344	1359	internationally	T078	C1512888
27887578	1377	1384	Vietnam	T083	C0042658
27887578	1386	1390	Fiji	T083	C0016080
27887578	1400	1411	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
27887578	1422	1432	assistance	T058	C0010210
27887578	1440	1473	International Stillbirth Alliance	T093	C1708333
27887578	1475	1478	ISA	T093	C1708333
27887578	1508	1527	programme materials	T170	C0282574
27887578	1531	1543	consultation	T058	C0009818
27887578	1574	1585	translation	T170	C0040712
27887578	1594	1611	Vietnam programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	1613	1625	Participants	T098	C0679646
27887578	1636	1640	pre-	T065	C0150562
27887578	1645	1659	post-programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	1660	1670	evaluation	T170	C0015196
27887578	1671	1685	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27887578	1689	1698	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27887578	1703	1713	confidence	T041	C1704726
27887578	1739	1748	perinatal	T079	C0178795
27887578	1749	1754	death	T040	C0011065
27887578	1755	1765	management	T057	C1273870
27887578	1779	1805	satisfaction questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27887578	1848	1855	IMPROVE	T065	C0150562
27887578	1856	1865	workshops	T065	C0242262
27887578	1904	1916	participants	T098	C0679646
27887578	1920	1929	Australia	T083	C0004340
27887578	1948	1960	participants	T098	C0679646
27887578	1961	1976	internationally	T078	C1512888
27887578	1978	1989	Evaluations	T170	C0015196
27887578	1999	2010	significant	T078	C0750502
27887578	2011	2022	improvement	T057	C2936612
27887578	2031	2035	pre-	T065	C0150562
27887578	2040	2054	post-programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	2055	2064	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27887578	2069	2079	confidence	T041	C1704726
27887578	2091	2099	stations	T073	C1883167
27887578	2134	2146	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
27887578	2154	2162	settings	T082	C0162579
27887578	2168	2185	IMPROVE programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	2212	2221	Australia	T083	C0004340
27887578	2245	2258	international	T078	C1512888
27887578	2259	2267	settings	T082	C0162579
27887578	2308	2311	ISA	T093	C1708333
27887578	2320	2328	research	T062	C0035168
27887578	2376	2388	improvements	T057	C2936612
27887578	2392	2401	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27887578	2406	2415	sustained	T169	C0443318
27887578	2436	2441	death	T040	C0011065
27887578	2471	2499	changes in clinical practice	T057	C0205897
27887578	2504	2515	improvement	T057	C2936612
27887578	2519	2527	parents'	T099	C0030551
27887578	2545	2549	care	T052	C1947933
27887578	2576	2585	programme	T065	C0150562
27887578	2589	2599	low-income	T033	C1331016
27887578	2600	2609	countries	T083	C0454664

27887587|t|Experiences of support in working toward personal recovery goals: a collaborative, qualitative study
27887587|a|Recovery can be understood as a subjective process guided by personal expectations, goals and hopes. The aim of the study was to explore how persons using a Community Mental Health Centre (CMHC) experienced that their expectations for treatment, and goals and hopes for recovery were supported by the health professionals during treatment. Employing a hermeneutic -phenomenological approach, eight service users were interviewed about their expectations for treatment and their goals and hopes for recovery at the start of their contact with health professionals at a CMHC. Two years later, they were re-interviewed about their experiences of treatment and support from the health professionals in their work towards these goals and hopes. A collaborative approach was adopted. A co-researcher with lived experience took part in all stages of the study. Data were analysed by means of a data -driven stepwise approach in line with thematic analysis. Five themes reflecting how participants experienced support from health professionals at the CMHC in their work towards their recovery goals were elicited, as follows: developing an understanding of oneself and one's mental health problems; learning how to change feelings and behaviours; being 'pushed' into social arenas; finding helpful medication; and counselling in family, practical and financial issues. The participants ' expectations about counselling with regard to longer-term family, practical, and financial challenges were insufficiently met by the CMHC. In the experience of the service users, recovery occurred within the context of their everyday life with or without the support of their professional helpers. To facilitate recovery, health professionals should acknowledge the service user's personal goals and hopes and take a more comprehensive and longer-term approach to his or her needs and desires. Acknowledging and facilitating recovery goals by offering counselling with regard to family, practical and financial issues seems particularly important.
27887587	41	49	personal	T032	C1519021
27887587	50	58	recovery	T040	C2004454
27887587	59	64	goals	T170	C0018017
27887587	68	81	collaborative	T062	C0681804
27887587	83	100	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
27887587	101	109	Recovery	T040	C2004454
27887587	133	151	subjective process	T067	C1522240
27887587	162	170	personal	T032	C1519021
27887587	171	183	expectations	T078	C0679138
27887587	185	190	goals	T170	C0018017
27887587	195	200	hopes	T041	C0392347
27887587	217	222	study	T062	C2603343
27887587	242	249	persons	T098	C0027361
27887587	258	288	Community Mental Health Centre	T073,T093	C0475309
27887587	290	294	CMHC	T073,T093	C0475309
27887587	319	331	expectations	T078	C0679138
27887587	336	345	treatment	T061	C0087111
27887587	351	356	goals	T170	C0018017
27887587	361	366	hopes	T041	C0392347
27887587	371	379	recovery	T040	C2004454
27887587	402	422	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27887587	430	439	treatment	T061	C0087111
27887587	453	464	hermeneutic	T078	C0870642
27887587	499	512	service users	T101	C0030705
27887587	542	554	expectations	T078	C0679138
27887587	559	568	treatment	T061	C0087111
27887587	579	584	goals	T170	C0018017
27887587	589	594	hopes	T041	C0392347
27887587	599	607	recovery	T040	C2004454
27887587	643	663	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27887587	669	673	CMHC	T073,T093	C0475309
27887587	679	684	years	T079	C0439234
27887587	744	753	treatment	T061	C0087111
27887587	775	795	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27887587	824	829	goals	T170	C0018017
27887587	834	839	hopes	T041	C0392347
27887587	843	865	collaborative approach	T054	C0282116
27887587	881	894	co-researcher	T097	C0035173
27887587	948	953	study	T062	C2603343
27887587	955	959	Data	T078	C1511726
27887587	988	992	data	T078	C1511726
27887587	1032	1049	thematic analysis	T062	C0936012
27887587	1078	1090	participants	T098	C0679646
27887587	1116	1136	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27887587	1144	1148	CMHC	T073,T093	C0475309
27887587	1177	1185	recovery	T040	C2004454
27887587	1186	1191	goals	T170	C0018017
27887587	1219	1257	developing an understanding of oneself	T080	C0205556
27887587	1268	1290	mental health problems	T033	C1446377
27887587	1315	1323	feelings	T041	C1527305
27887587	1328	1338	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27887587	1340	1373	being 'pushed' into social arenas	T033	C0243095
27887587	1375	1401	finding helpful medication	T033	C0243095
27887587	1407	1418	counselling	T058	C0010210
27887587	1422	1428	family	T033	C0851511
27887587	1430	1439	practical	T033	C0243095
27887587	1444	1460	financial issues	T033	C0243095
27887587	1466	1478	participants	T098	C0679646
27887587	1481	1493	expectations	T078	C0679138
27887587	1500	1511	counselling	T058	C0010210
27887587	1539	1545	family	T033	C0851511
27887587	1547	1556	practical	T033	C0243095
27887587	1562	1582	financial challenges	T033	C0243095
27887587	1614	1618	CMHC	T073,T093	C0475309
27887587	1645	1658	service users	T101	C0030705
27887587	1660	1668	recovery	T040	C2004454
27887587	1706	1719	everyday life	T078	C0376558
27887587	1757	1769	professional	T097	C1704312
27887587	1770	1777	helpers	T097	C0341652
27887587	1793	1801	recovery	T040	C2004454
27887587	1803	1823	health professionals	T097	C1704312
27887587	1847	1861	service user's	T101	C0030705
27887587	1862	1870	personal	T032	C1519021
27887587	1871	1876	goals	T170	C0018017
27887587	1881	1886	hopes	T041	C0392347
27887587	1956	1961	needs	T080	C0027552
27887587	1966	1973	desires	T041	C0871633
27887587	2006	2014	recovery	T040	C2004454
27887587	2015	2020	goals	T170	C0018017
27887587	2033	2044	counselling	T058	C0010210
27887587	2060	2066	family	T033	C0851511
27887587	2068	2077	practical	T033	C0243095
27887587	2082	2098	financial issues	T033	C0243095

27887661|t|Biochemical and proteomic analyses of the physiological response induced by individual housing in gilts provide new potential stress markers
27887661|a|The objective assessment of animal stress and welfare requires proper laboratory biomarkers. In this work, we have analyzed the changes in serum composition in gilts after switching their housing, from pen to individual stalls, which is generally accepted to cause animal discomfort. Blood and saliva samples were collected a day before and up to four days after changing the housing system. Biochemical analyses showed adaptive changes in lipid and protein metabolism after the housing switch, whereas cortisol and muscular markers showed a large variability between animals. 2D-DIGE and iTRAQ proteomic approaches revealed variations in serum protein composition after changing housing and diet of gilts. Both techniques showed alterations in two main homeostatic mechanisms: the innate immune and redox systems. The acute phase proteins haptoglobin, apolipoprotein A-I and α1-antichymotrypsin 3, and the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 2 were found differentially expressed by 2D-DIGE. Other proteins related to the innate immune system, including lactotransferrin, protegrin 3 and galectin 1 were also identified by iTRAQ, as well as oxidative stress enzymes such as peroxiredoxin 2 and glutathione peroxidase 3. Proteomics also revealed the decrease of apolipoproteins, and the presence of intracellular proteins in serum, which may indicate physical injury to tissues. Housing of gilts in individual stalls and diet change increase lipid and protein catabolism, oxidative stress, activate the innate immune system and cause a certain degree of tissue damage. We propose that valuable assays for stress assessment in gilts may be based on a score composed by a combination of salivary cortisol, lipid metabolites, innate immunity and oxidative stress markers and intracellular proteins.
27887661	0	11	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
27887661	16	25	proteomic	T091	C0872252
27887661	26	34	analyses	T062	C0936012
27887661	42	64	physiological response	T039	C0542478
27887661	87	94	housing	T073	C0020057
27887661	98	103	gilts	T015	C0039005
27887661	116	125	potential	T080	C3245505
27887661	126	132	stress	T046	C0449430
27887661	133	140	markers	T201	C0005516
27887661	145	154	objective	T080	C1571702
27887661	155	165	assessment	T058	C0220825
27887661	169	175	animal	T008	C0003062
27887661	176	182	stress	T046	C0449430
27887661	211	221	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27887661	222	232	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27887661	280	285	serum	T031	C0229671
27887661	286	297	composition	T201	C0486616
27887661	301	306	gilts	T015	C0039005
27887661	329	336	housing	T073	C0020057
27887661	361	367	stalls	T073	C0020057
27887661	406	412	animal	T008	C0003062
27887661	413	423	discomfort	T184	C2364135
27887661	425	430	Blood	T031	C0005767
27887661	435	449	saliva samples	T031	C0438730
27887661	517	524	housing	T073	C0020057
27887661	533	544	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
27887661	545	553	analyses	T062	C0936012
27887661	561	569	adaptive	T169	C0231193
27887661	581	586	lipid	T109	C0023779
27887661	591	609	protein metabolism	T044	C0597299
27887661	620	627	housing	T073	C0020057
27887661	644	652	cortisol	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
27887661	657	665	muscular	T024	C0026845
27887661	666	673	markers	T201	C0005516
27887661	689	700	variability	T077	C2827666
27887661	709	716	animals	T008	C0003062
27887661	718	725	2D-DIGE	T059	C2936240
27887661	730	735	iTRAQ	T170	C0282574
27887661	736	745	proteomic	T091	C0872252
27887661	746	756	approaches	T057	C0039152
27887661	780	793	serum protein	T116,T123	C0036825
27887661	794	805	composition	T201	C0486616
27887661	821	828	housing	T073	C0020057
27887661	841	846	gilts	T015	C0039005
27887661	853	863	techniques	T169	C0449851
27887661	871	882	alterations	T078	C1515926
27887661	895	917	homeostatic mechanisms	T040	C1561987
27887661	923	936	innate immune	T032	C0020969
27887661	941	946	redox	T044	C0030012
27887661	960	980	acute phase proteins	T116,T123	C0001347
27887661	981	992	haptoglobin	T116,T123	C0018595
27887661	994	1012	apolipoprotein A-I	T116,T123	C0085201
27887661	1048	1059	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
27887661	1067	1082	peroxiredoxin 2	T116,T126	C1137156
27887661	1122	1129	2D-DIGE	T059	C2936240
27887661	1137	1145	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27887661	1161	1181	innate immune system	T032	C0020969
27887661	1193	1209	lactotransferrin	T116,T123	C0022942
27887661	1211	1222	protegrin 3	T116,T121	C0300261
27887661	1227	1237	galectin 1	T116,T123	C0252527
27887661	1262	1267	iTRAQ	T170	C0282574
27887661	1280	1296	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27887661	1297	1304	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27887661	1313	1328	peroxiredoxin 2	T116,T126	C1137156
27887661	1333	1357	glutathione peroxidase 3	T116,T126	C1436542
27887661	1359	1369	Proteomics	T091	C0872252
27887661	1388	1396	decrease	T080	C0392756
27887661	1400	1415	apolipoproteins	T116,T123	C0003591
27887661	1437	1450	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27887661	1451	1459	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27887661	1463	1468	serum	T031	C0229671
27887661	1489	1504	physical injury	T037	C1328749
27887661	1508	1515	tissues	T024	C0040300
27887661	1517	1524	Housing	T073	C0020057
27887661	1528	1533	gilts	T015	C0039005
27887661	1548	1554	stalls	T073	C0020057
27887661	1580	1585	lipid	T109	C0023779
27887661	1590	1608	protein catabolism	T044	C0597297
27887661	1610	1626	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27887661	1641	1661	innate immune system	T032	C0020969
27887661	1692	1705	tissue damage	T037	C0010957
27887661	1743	1760	stress assessment	T060	C4076401
27887661	1764	1769	gilts	T015	C0039005
27887661	1788	1793	score	T081	C0449820
27887661	1842	1847	lipid	T109	C0023779
27887661	1848	1859	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27887661	1861	1876	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
27887661	1881	1897	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27887661	1898	1905	markers	T201	C0005516
27887661	1910	1923	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27887661	1924	1932	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684

27887778|t|Cultivation of four microalgae species in the effluent of anaerobic digester for biodiesel production
27887778|a|This study investigated if an effluent from anaerobic digestion (AD) system can be used as a nutrients source for the microalgae cultivation, and in so doing, if the effluent can be properly treated. Nitrogen and phosphorus in the AD effluent well supported microalgal growth, and their removal efficiency reached >97.9% and 99.2%, respectively. Among four different algal species tested, Micractinium inermum particularly stood out, showing the highest biomass and FAME productivity: 0.16gL(-1)d(-1) with 3.23gL(-1) of dry cell weight, and 0.04gL(-1)d(-1) with 27.54% (w/w) of FAME contents, respectively. As the concentrations of the nutrients decreased over time, the FAME contents were increased and its quality as well, satisfying several biodiesel quality standards. This study supports that the AD effluent can indeed serve as a cheap and nutrient - rich medium for microalgae cultivation, and equally importantly, microalgae can be a workable treatment option for it.
27887778	0	11	Cultivation	T059	C1511556
27887778	20	30	microalgae	T204	C2936330
27887778	31	38	species	T185	C1705920
27887778	46	54	effluent	T167	C1550144
27887778	58	76	anaerobic digester	T075	C3856828
27887778	81	90	biodiesel	T109	C2717894
27887778	91	101	production	T057	C0033268
27887778	107	112	study	T062	C2603343
27887778	113	125	investigated	T169	C1292732
27887778	132	140	effluent	T167	C1550144
27887778	146	177	anaerobic digestion (AD) system	T075	C3856828
27887778	185	189	used	T169	C1524063
27887778	195	204	nutrients	T168	C0678695
27887778	205	211	source	T033	C0449416
27887778	220	230	microalgae	T204	C2936330
27887778	231	242	cultivation	T059	C1511556
27887778	268	276	effluent	T167	C1550144
27887778	293	300	treated	T169	C1522326
27887778	302	310	Nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
27887778	315	325	phosphorus	T196	C0031705
27887778	333	335	AD	T075	C3856828
27887778	333	335	AD	T075	C3856828
27887778	336	344	effluent	T167	C1550144
27887778	360	370	microalgal	T204	C2936330
27887778	371	377	growth	T040	C0018270
27887778	389	396	removal	T080	C0849355
27887778	397	407	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27887778	459	468	different	T080	C1705242
27887778	469	474	algal	T204	C0002028
27887778	475	482	species	T185	C1705920
27887778	483	489	tested	T169	C0039593
27887778	491	511	Micractinium inermum	T002	C2669599
27887778	525	534	stood out	T169	C0205245
27887778	548	555	highest	T080	C1522410
27887778	556	563	biomass	T081	C0005535
27887778	568	572	FAME	T109	C0029224
27887778	573	585	productivity	T081	C0392762
27887778	622	625	dry	T080	C0205222
27887778	626	630	cell	T025	C0007634
27887778	631	637	weight	T032	C0005910
27887778	680	684	FAME	T109	C0029224
27887778	685	693	contents	T077	C0456205
27887778	716	730	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27887778	738	747	nutrients	T168	C0678695
27887778	748	757	decreased	T081	C0205216
27887778	758	762	over	T079	C0347984
27887778	763	767	time	T079	C0040223
27887778	773	777	FAME	T109	C0029224
27887778	778	786	contents	T077	C0456205
27887778	792	801	increased	T081	C0205217
27887778	810	817	quality	T080	C0332306
27887778	821	825	well	T080	C0205170
27887778	838	845	several	T081	C0443302
27887778	846	855	biodiesel	T109	C2717894
27887778	856	863	quality	T080	C0332306
27887778	864	873	standards	T080	C1442989
27887778	880	885	study	T062	C2603343
27887778	904	906	AD	T075	C3856828
27887778	907	915	effluent	T167	C1550144
27887778	938	943	cheap	T081	C0392762
27887778	948	956	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27887778	959	963	rich	T080	C0699759
27887778	964	970	medium	T081	C0439536
27887778	975	985	microalgae	T204	C2936330
27887778	986	997	cultivation	T059	C1511556
27887778	1003	1010	equally	T080	C0205163
27887778	1011	1022	importantly	T080	C3898777
27887778	1024	1034	microalgae	T204	C2936330
27887778	1053	1062	treatment	T169	C1522326
27887778	1063	1069	option	T169	C1518601

27887831|t|Long-term Cu stabilization and biomass yields of Giant reed and poplar after adding a biochar, alone or with iron grit, into a contaminated soil from a wood preservation site
27887831|a|A 2- year pot experiment was carried out to examine the aging effect of biochar (B), alone or combined with iron grit (Z), on Cu stabilization and plant growth in a contaminated soil (964mg Cu kg(-1)) from a wood preservation site. The experiment consisted in 3 soil treatments, either planted with Arundo donax L. (Ad) or Populus nigra L. (Pn): (1) untreated Cu - contaminated soil (Ad, Pn); (2) Unt +1% (w/w) B (AdB, PnB), and (3) Unt +1% B +1% Z (AdBZ, PnBZ). After 22 months, the soil pore water (SPW) was sampled and roots and shoots were harvested. The SPW compositions at 3 and 22 months were compared, showing that the SPW Cu(2+) concentration increased again in the PnB and PnBZ soils. Cultivation of A. donax enhanced the dissolved organic matter concentration in the SPW, which decreased its Cu(2+) concentration but promoted its total Cu concentration in the Ad and AdB soils. Adding Z with B reduced both SPW Cu(2+) and Cu concentrations in the pots cultivated by A. donax and P. nigra as compared to B alone. The B and BZ treatments did not enhance root and shoot yields of both plant species as compared to the Unt soil but their shoot Cu concentrations were in the range of common values.
27887831	0	9	Long-term	T079	C0443252
27887831	10	12	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27887831	13	26	stabilization	T061	C1293130
27887831	31	38	biomass	T081	C0005535
27887831	49	59	Giant reed	T002	C1005764
27887831	64	70	poplar	T002	C0522458
27887831	86	93	biochar	T104	C2715259
27887831	95	100	alone	T081	C0205171
27887831	109	118	iron grit	T104	C0440273
27887831	127	144	contaminated soil	T037	C0522751
27887831	152	169	wood preservation	T109	C0303761
27887831	180	184	year	T079	C0439234
27887831	185	199	pot experiment	T062	C0681814
27887831	231	243	aging effect	T040	C1510835
27887831	247	254	biochar	T104	C2715259
27887831	256	257	B	T104	C2715259
27887831	260	265	alone	T081	C0205171
27887831	283	292	iron grit	T104	C0440273
27887831	294	295	Z	T104	C0440273
27887831	301	303	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27887831	304	317	stabilization	T061	C1293130
27887831	322	334	plant growth	T040	C0597252
27887831	340	357	contaminated soil	T037	C0522751
27887831	365	367	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27887831	383	400	wood preservation	T109	C0303761
27887831	437	441	soil	T167	C0037592
27887831	442	452	treatments	T169	C1522326
27887831	461	468	planted	T002	C0032098
27887831	474	489	Arundo donax L.	T002	C1005764
27887831	491	493	Ad	T002	C1005764
27887831	498	514	Populus nigra L.	T002	C0996760
27887831	516	518	Pn	T002	C0996760
27887831	525	534	untreated	T169	C1522326
27887831	535	537	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27887831	540	557	contaminated soil	T037	C0522751
27887831	559	561	Ad	T002	C1005764
27887831	563	565	Pn	T002	C0996760
27887831	572	575	Unt	T169	C1522326
27887831	586	587	B	T104	C2715259
27887831	589	592	AdB	T167	C0439962
27887831	594	597	PnB	T167	C0439962
27887831	608	611	Unt	T169	C1522326
27887831	616	617	B	T104	C2715259
27887831	622	623	Z	T104	C0440273
27887831	625	629	AdBZ	T167	C0439962
27887831	631	635	PnBZ	T167	C0439962
27887831	647	653	months	T079	C0439231
27887831	659	674	soil pore water	T170	C0449370
27887831	676	679	SPW	T170	C0449370
27887831	685	692	sampled	T078	C0870078
27887831	697	702	roots	T002	C0242726
27887831	707	713	shoots	T002	C0242729
27887831	719	728	harvested	T169	C3496294
27887831	734	737	SPW	T170	C0449370
27887831	738	750	compositions	T167	C0439962
27887831	763	769	months	T079	C0439231
27887831	775	783	compared	T052	C1707455
27887831	802	805	SPW	T170	C0449370
27887831	806	826	Cu(2+) concentration	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27887831	827	836	increased	T081	C0205217
27887831	850	853	PnB	T167	C0439962
27887831	858	868	PnBZ soils	T167	C0439962
27887831	885	893	A. donax	T002	C1005764
27887831	894	902	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27887831	917	931	organic matter	T080	C0747055
27887831	953	956	SPW	T170	C0449370
27887831	964	973	decreased	T081	C0205216
27887831	978	998	Cu(2+) concentration	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27887831	1022	1038	Cu concentration	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27887831	1046	1048	Ad	T002	C1005764
27887831	1053	1062	AdB soils	T167	C0439962
27887831	1071	1072	Z	T104	C0440273
27887831	1078	1079	B	T104	C2715259
27887831	1080	1087	reduced	T080	C0392756
27887831	1093	1096	SPW	T170	C0449370
27887831	1097	1102	Cu(2+	T121,T197	C1177210
27887831	1108	1125	Cu concentrations	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27887831	1133	1148	pots cultivated	UnknownType	C0869005
27887831	1152	1160	A. donax	T002	C1005764
27887831	1165	1173	P. nigra	T002	C0996760
27887831	1177	1185	compared	T052	C1707455
27887831	1189	1190	B	T104	C2715259
27887831	1191	1196	alone	T081	C0205171
27887831	1202	1203	B	T104	C2715259
27887831	1208	1210	BZ	T167	C0439962
27887831	1211	1221	treatments	T169	C1522326
27887831	1230	1237	enhance	T052	C2349975
27887831	1238	1242	root	T002	C0242726
27887831	1247	1252	shoot	T002	C0242729
27887831	1268	1273	plant	T002	C0032098
27887831	1274	1281	species	T185	C1705920
27887831	1285	1293	compared	T052	C1707455
27887831	1301	1309	Unt soil	T167	C0037592
27887831	1320	1325	shoot	T002	C0242729
27887831	1326	1343	Cu concentrations	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27887831	1365	1378	common values	T081	C0205214

27887867|t|Evaluation of function and recovery of adipose -derived stem cells after exposure to paclitaxel
27887867|a|Adipose -derived stem cells (ASCs) are considered to play a positive role in wound healing as evidenced by their increasing use in breast reconstructive procedures. After chemotherapy for breast cancer, poor soft tissue wound healing is a major problem. In the present study, the functional capabilities and recovery of ASCs after exposure to chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel (PTX) using in vitro and ex vivo models were demonstrated. Human ASCs were isolated from periumbilical fat tissue and treated with PTX at various concentrations. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were given intravenous injections with PTX. Two and four weeks after the initial PTX treatment, ASCs were isolated from rat adipose tissue. Proliferation, cell viability, apoptosis and cell migration rates were measured by growth curves, MTT assays, flow cytometry and scratch assays. ASCs were cultured in derivative-specific differentiation media with or without PTX for 3 weeks. Adipogenic, osteogenic and endothelial differentiation levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and histological staining. PTX induced apoptosis, decreased the proliferation and cell migration rates of ASCs and inhibited ASCs multipotent differentiation in both in vitro human ASC populations and ex vivo rat ASC populations with PTX treatment. Furthermore, after cessation of PTX, ASCs exhibited recovery potential of differentiation capacity in both in vitro and animal studies. Our results provide insight into poor soft tissue wound healing and promote further understanding of the potential capability of ASCs to serve as a cell source for fat grafting and reconstruction in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment.
27887867	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27887867	14	22	function	T043	C0007613
27887867	27	35	recovery	T059	C3827940
27887867	39	46	adipose	T024	C0001527
27887867	56	66	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27887867	73	84	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27887867	85	95	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27887867	96	103	Adipose	T024	C0001527
27887867	113	123	stem cells	T025	C0038250
27887867	125	129	ASCs	T025	C0038250
27887867	156	164	positive	T033	C1514241
27887867	165	169	role	T077	C1705810
27887867	173	186	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27887867	209	219	increasing	T169	C0442808
27887867	220	223	use	T169	C0042153
27887867	227	259	breast reconstructive procedures	T061	C0085076
27887867	267	279	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27887867	284	297	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27887867	299	315	poor soft tissue	T024	C0225317
27887867	316	329	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27887867	376	386	functional	T169	C0205245
27887867	387	399	capabilities	T080	C2698977
27887867	404	412	recovery	T059	C3827940
27887867	416	420	ASCs	T025	C0038250
27887867	427	438	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27887867	439	461	chemotherapeutic agent	T121	C0729502
27887867	462	472	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
27887867	474	477	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
27887867	485	493	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27887867	498	505	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27887867	506	512	models	T075	C0026336
27887867	532	537	Human	T016	C0086418
27887867	538	542	ASCs	T025	C0038250
27887867	548	556	isolated	T169	C0205409
27887867	562	575	periumbilical	T082	C0457792
27887867	576	586	fat tissue	T024	C0001527
27887867	591	598	treated	T169	C1522326
27887867	604	607	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
27887867	619	633	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27887867	635	660	Adult Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
27887867	672	694	intravenous injections	T169	C0021494
27887867	700	703	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
27887867	718	723	weeks	T079	C0439230
27887867	734	741	initial	T079	C0205265
27887867	742	745	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
27887867	746	755	treatment	T061	C0087111
27887867	757	761	ASCs	T025	C0038250
27887867	767	775	isolated	T169	C0205409
27887867	781	784	rat	T015	C0034721
27887867	785	799	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27887867	801	814	Proliferation	T043	C0596290
27887867	816	830	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27887867	832	841	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27887867	846	860	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27887867	861	866	rates	T081	C1521828
27887867	872	880	measured	T080	C0444706
27887867	884	897	growth curves	T081	C0392762
27887867	899	909	MTT assays	T062	C2986858
27887867	911	925	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
27887867	930	944	scratch assays	T059	C0005507
27887867	946	950	ASCs	T025	C0038250
27887867	968	1009	derivative-specific differentiation media	T130	C0010454
27887867	1026	1029	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
27887867	1036	1041	weeks	T079	C0439230
27887867	1043	1053	Adipogenic	T025	C0206131
27887867	1055	1065	osteogenic	T025	C0029418
27887867	1070	1081	endothelial	T025	C0225336
27887867	1082	1097	differentiation	T043	C4245968
27887867	1098	1104	levels	T080	C0441889
27887867	1110	1118	measured	T080	C0444706
27887867	1122	1182	quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1514628
27887867	1187	1199	histological	T059	C0019637
27887867	1200	1208	staining	T059	C0487602
27887867	1210	1213	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
27887867	1214	1221	induced	T169	C0205263
27887867	1222	1231	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27887867	1233	1242	decreased	T081	C0205216
27887867	1247	1260	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27887867	1265	1279	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27887867	1280	1285	rates	T081	C1521828
27887867	1289	1293	ASCs	T025	C0038250
27887867	1298	1307	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27887867	1308	1312	ASCs	T025	C0038250
27887867	1313	1340	multipotent differentiation	T043	C4245968
27887867	1349	1357	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27887867	1358	1363	human	T016	C0086418
27887867	1364	1367	ASC	T025	C0038250
27887867	1384	1391	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
27887867	1392	1395	rat	T015	C0034721
27887867	1396	1399	ASC	T025	C0038250
27887867	1417	1420	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
27887867	1451	1460	cessation	T052	C1880019
27887867	1464	1467	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
27887867	1469	1473	ASCs	T025	C0038250
27887867	1484	1492	recovery	T059	C3827940
27887867	1493	1502	potential	T080	C3245505
27887867	1506	1521	differentiation	T043	C4245968
27887867	1522	1530	capacity	T081	C1516240
27887867	1539	1547	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27887867	1552	1566	animal studies	T008	C0683949
27887867	1572	1579	results	T034	C0456984
27887867	1601	1617	poor soft tissue	T024	C0225317
27887867	1618	1631	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27887867	1636	1643	promote	T052	C0033414
27887867	1673	1682	potential	T080	C3245505
27887867	1683	1693	capability	T080	C2698977
27887867	1697	1701	ASCs	T025	C0038250
27887867	1732	1744	fat grafting	T061	C0844767
27887867	1749	1763	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27887867	1767	1773	cancer	T191	C0006826
27887867	1774	1782	patients	T101	C0030705
27887867	1794	1816	chemotherapy treatment	T061	C3665472

27887876|t|An accuracy study of computer - planned implant placement in the augmented maxilla using osteosynthesis screws
27887876|a|Previous research on the accuracy of flapless implant placement of virtually planned implants in the augmented maxilla revealed unfavourable discrepancies between implant planning and placement. By using the osteosynthesis screws placed during the augmentation procedure, the surgical template could be optimally stabilized. The purpose of this study was to validate this method by evaluating its clinically relevant accuracy. Twelve consecutive fully edentulous patients with extreme resorption of the maxilla were treated with a bone augmentation procedure. Virtual implant planning was performed and a surgical template was manufactured. Subsequently, six implants were installed using the surgical template, which was only supported by the osteosynthesis screws. Implant deviations between planning and placement were calculated. A total of 72 implants were installed. Mean deviations found in the mesiodistal direction were 0.817mm at the implant tip and 0.528mm at the implant shoulder. The angular deviation was 2.924°. In the buccolingual direction, a deviation of 1.038mm was registered at the implant tip and 0.633mm at the implant shoulder. The angular deviation was 3.440°. This study showed that implant placement in the augmented maxilla using a surgical template supported by osteosynthesis screws is accurate.
27887876	3	11	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27887876	21	29	computer	T073	C0009622
27887876	32	39	planned	T169	C1301732
27887876	40	57	implant placement	T061	C0021107
27887876	65	74	augmented	T081	C0205217
27887876	75	82	maxilla	T023	C0024947
27887876	89	110	osteosynthesis screws	T061	C0016642
27887876	136	144	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27887876	157	174	implant placement	T061	C0021107
27887876	178	195	virtually planned	T169	C1301732
27887876	196	204	implants	T074	C0021102
27887876	212	221	augmented	T081	C0205217
27887876	222	229	maxilla	T023	C0024947
27887876	252	265	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
27887876	274	304	implant planning and placement	T061	C0021107
27887876	319	340	osteosynthesis screws	T061	C0016642
27887876	359	381	augmentation procedure	T061	C1293122
27887876	387	404	surgical template	T074	C0581264
27887876	528	536	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27887876	563	573	edentulous	T047	C0022366
27887876	574	582	patients	T101	C0030705
27887876	596	606	resorption	T040	C2985494
27887876	614	621	maxilla	T023	C0024947
27887876	647	669	augmentation procedure	T061	C1293122
27887876	671	695	Virtual implant planning	T061	C0021107
27887876	716	733	surgical template	T074	C0581264
27887876	770	778	implants	T074	C0021102
27887876	804	821	surgical template	T074	C0581264
27887876	855	876	osteosynthesis screws	T061	C0016642
27887876	878	896	Implant deviations	T082	C0012727
27887876	905	927	planning and placement	T061	C0021107
27887876	959	967	implants	T074	C0021102
27887876	984	999	Mean deviations	T201	C1828170
27887876	1055	1066	implant tip	T074	C0021102
27887876	1086	1102	implant shoulder	T074	C0021102
27887876	1108	1125	angular deviation	T082	C0012727
27887876	1171	1180	deviation	T082	C0012727
27887876	1214	1225	implant tip	T074	C0021102
27887876	1245	1261	implant shoulder	T074	C0021102
27887876	1267	1284	angular deviation	T082	C0012727
27887876	1320	1337	implant placement	T061	C0021107
27887876	1345	1354	augmented	T081	C0205217
27887876	1355	1362	maxilla	T023	C0024947
27887876	1371	1388	surgical template	T074	C0581264
27887876	1402	1423	osteosynthesis screws	T061	C0016642
27887876	1427	1435	accurate	T080	C0443131

27888348|t|Pathogenesis of COPD and Asthma
27888348|a|Asthma and COPD remain two diseases of the respiratory tract with unmet medical needs. This review considers the current state of play with respect to what is known about the underlying pathogenesis of these two chronic inflammatory diseases of the lung. The review highlights why they are different conditions requiring different approaches to treatment and provides a backdrop for the subsequent chapters in this volume discussing recent advances in the pharmacology and treatment of asthma and COPD.
27888348	0	12	Pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27888348	16	20	COPD	T047	C0024117
27888348	25	31	Asthma	T047	C0004096
27888348	32	38	Asthma	T047	C0004096
27888348	43	47	COPD	T047	C0024117
27888348	59	92	diseases of the respiratory tract	T047	C0035242
27888348	98	103	unmet	T052	C3274904
27888348	104	111	medical	T169	C0205476
27888348	112	117	needs	T080	C0027552
27888348	124	130	review	T170	C0282443
27888348	218	230	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27888348	244	273	chronic inflammatory diseases	T047	C1290886
27888348	281	285	lung	T023	C0024109
27888348	291	297	review	T170	C0282443
27888348	332	342	conditions	T080	C0348080
27888348	377	386	treatment	T061	C0087111
27888348	488	500	pharmacology	T091	C0031330
27888348	505	514	treatment	T061	C0087111
27888348	518	524	asthma	T047	C0004096
27888348	529	533	COPD	T047	C0024117

27889529|t|Antiviral activities of selected antimalarials against dengue virus type 2 and Zika virus
27889529|a|In a previous study, twelve antimalarial compounds, amodiaquine (AQ) and derivatives, were shown to have potent anti-dengue viral (DENV) activity by using the stable DENV2 Renilla luciferase reporter replicon expressing BHK-21 cells, infectivity (plaque), and the qRT-PCR assays. In this study, we performed molecular modeling on these compounds to determine their stereo-electronic properties required for optimal antiviral activity. Based on the similarity of calculated stereo-electronic profiles, specifically the electrostatic potential profiles of the compounds, and in silico screening of related compounds from literature, we identified three additional compounds, Quinacrine (QC), Mefloquine (MQ), and GSK369796. Analysis of their antiviral activities indicated that all three compounds have high anti-DENV activity in the DENV2 replicon expressing cells with EC50 values of 5.30 ± 1.31 μM (QC), 3.22 ± 0.37 μM (MQ), and 5.06 ± 0.86 μM (GSK369796). The infectivity assays revealed the EC50 values of 7.09 ± 1.67 μM (QC), 4.36 ± 0.31 μM (MQ) and 3.03 ± 0.35 μM (GSK369796). The mode of action of these compounds is through inhibition of autophagy, thereby affecting DENV2 replication. Moreover, these compounds also showed antiviral activity against the rapidly emerging Zika virus (ZIKV) with EC50 values of 2.27 ± 0.14 μM (QC), 3.95 ± 0.21 μM (MQ), and 2.57 ± 0.09 μM (GSK369796).
27889529	0	20	Antiviral activities	T033	C0243095
27889529	33	46	antimalarials	T121	C0003374
27889529	47	54	against	T080	C0521124
27889529	55	74	dengue virus type 2	T005	C0318759
27889529	79	89	Zika virus	T005	C0318793
27889529	95	103	previous	T079	C0205156
27889529	104	110	study,	T062	C2603343
27889529	118	140	antimalarial compounds	T121	C0003374
27889529	142	153	amodiaquine	T109,T121	C0002641
27889529	155	157	AQ	T109,T121	C0002641
27889529	163	174	derivatives	T104	C0243072
27889529	195	201	potent	T080	C1704419
27889529	202	235	anti-dengue viral (DENV) activity	T033	C0243095
27889529	249	255	stable	T080	C0205360
27889529	256	261	DENV2	T005	C0318759
27889529	262	280	Renilla luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C1450145
27889529	281	289	reporter	T028	C0206414
27889529	290	298	replicon	T114,T123	C0035142
27889529	299	309	expressing	T045	C0017262
27889529	310	322	BHK-21 cells	T025	C0007634
27889529	324	335	infectivity	T080	C0030657
27889529	337	343	plaque	T059	C0032102
27889529	354	368	qRT-PCR assays	T063	C1514628
27889529	378	383	study	T062	C2603343
27889529	388	397	performed	T169	C0884358
27889529	398	416	molecular modeling	T062,T170	C0600115
27889529	426	435	compounds	T121	C1254351
27889529	455	483	stereo-electronic properties	T080	C0205556
27889529	497	504	optimal	T080	C2698651
27889529	505	523	antiviral activity	T033	C0243095
27889529	538	548	similarity	T080	C2348205
27889529	563	589	stereo-electronic profiles	T080	C0205556
27889529	608	640	electrostatic potential profiles	T081	C0596484
27889529	648	657	compounds	T121	C1254351
27889529	663	682	in silico screening	T062	C0178605
27889529	694	703	compounds	T121	C1254351
27889529	709	719	literature	T170	C0023866
27889529	724	734	identified	T080	C0205396
27889529	741	751	additional	T169	C1524062
27889529	752	761	compounds	T121	C1254351
27889529	763	773	Quinacrine	T109,T121	C0034403
27889529	775	777	QC	T109,T121	C0034403
27889529	780	790	Mefloquine	T109,T121	C0025153
27889529	792	794	MQ	T109,T121	C0025153
27889529	801	810	GSK369796	T109,T121	C3884469
27889529	830	850	antiviral activities	T033	C0243095
27889529	870	885	three compounds	T121	C1254351
27889529	891	895	high	T080	C0205250
27889529	896	914	anti-DENV activity	T033	C0243095
27889529	922	927	DENV2	T005	C0318759
27889529	928	936	replicon	T114,T123	C0035142
27889529	937	947	expressing	T045	C0017262
27889529	948	953	cells	T025	C0007634
27889529	959	970	EC50 values	T081	C0392762
27889529	990	992	QC	T109,T121	C0034403
27889529	1011	1013	MQ	T109,T121	C0025153
27889529	1036	1045	GSK369796	T109,T121	C3884469
27889529	1052	1070	infectivity assays	T059	C0032102
27889529	1071	1079	revealed	T080	C0443289
27889529	1084	1095	EC50 values	T081	C0392762
27889529	1115	1117	QC	T109,T121	C0034403
27889529	1136	1138	MQ	T109,T121	C0025153
27889529	1160	1169	GSK369796	T109,T121	C3884469
27889529	1176	1190	mode of action	T169	C1524059
27889529	1200	1209	compounds	T121	C1254351
27889529	1213	1220	through	T169	C0332273
27889529	1221	1231	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27889529	1235	1244	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27889529	1254	1263	affecting	T169	C0392760
27889529	1264	1269	DENV2	T005	C0318759
27889529	1270	1281	replication	T043	C0042774
27889529	1299	1308	compounds	T121	C1254351
27889529	1321	1339	antiviral activity	T033	C0243095
27889529	1340	1347	against	T080	C0521124
27889529	1369	1379	Zika virus	T005	C0318793
27889529	1381	1385	ZIKV	T005	C0318793
27889529	1392	1403	EC50 values	T081	C0392762
27889529	1423	1425	QC	T109,T121	C0034403
27889529	1444	1446	MQ	T109,T121	C0025153
27889529	1469	1478	GSK369796	T109,T121	C3884469

27889585|t|Devices and dressings to secure peripheral venous catheters: A Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis
27889585|a|Peripheral venous catheterisation is the most frequent invasive procedure performed in hospitalised patients; yet over 30% of peripheral venous catheters fail before treatment ends. To assess the effects of peripheral venous catheter dressings and securement devices on the incidence of peripheral venous catheter failure. We searched the Cochrane Wounds Group Register, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE; EMBASE and CINAHL for any randomised controlled trials comparing different dressings or securement devices used to stabilise peripheral venous catheters. The reference lists of included studies were also searched for any previously unidentified studies. We included six randomised controlled trials (1539 participants) that compared various dressings and securement devices (transparent dressings versus gauze; bordered transparent dressings versus a securement device; bordered transparent dressings versus tape; and transparent dressing versus sticking plaster). Trial sizes ranged from 50 to 703 participants. The quality of evidence ranged from low to very low. Catheter dislodgements or accidental removals were lower with transparent dressings compared with gauze (two studies, 278 participants, risk ratio (RR) 0.40; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.92, P=0.03%). However, the relative effects of transparent dressings and gauze on phlebitis (RR 0.89; 95% CI 0.47-1.68) and infiltration (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.48-1.33) are unclear. A single study identified less frequent dislodgement or accidental catheter removal with bordered transparent dressings compared to a securement device (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.63) but more phlebitis with bordered dressings (RR 8.11, 95% CI 1.03-64.02). A comparison of a bordered transparent dressing and tape found more peripheral venous catheter failure with the bordered dressing (RR 1.84, 95% CI 1.08-3.11) but the relative effect on dislodgement was unclear. There is no strong evidence to suggest that any one dressing or securement product for preventing peripheral venous catheter failure is more effective than any other product. All of the included trials were small, had high or unclear risk of bias for one or more of the quality elements we assessed, and wide confidence intervals, indicating that further randomised controlled trials are necessary. There is a need for suitably powered, high quality trials to evaluate the newer, high use products and novel - but expensive - securement methods, such as surgical grade glue.
27889585	0	7	Devices	T074	C0025080
27889585	12	21	dressings	T074	C0180523
27889585	25	31	secure	T080	C0205556
27889585	32	42	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27889585	43	59	venous catheters	T074	C0745442
27889585	63	89	Cochrane systematic review	T170	C1955832
27889585	94	107	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
27889585	108	118	Peripheral	T082	C0205100
27889585	119	141	venous catheterisation	T058	C0398266
27889585	149	153	most	T081	C0205393
27889585	154	162	frequent	T079	C0332183
27889585	163	171	invasive	T080	C0205281
27889585	172	181	procedure	T169	C2700391
27889585	182	191	performed	T169	C0884358
27889585	195	216	hospitalised patients	T101	C0870668
27889585	234	244	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27889585	245	261	venous catheters	T074	C0745442
27889585	262	266	fail	T169	C0231175
27889585	267	273	before	T079	C0332152
27889585	274	283	treatment	T061	C0087111
27889585	284	288	ends	T082	C0444930
27889585	293	299	assess	T052	C1516048
27889585	304	314	effects of	T080	C1704420
27889585	315	325	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27889585	326	341	venous catheter	T074	C0745442
27889585	342	351	dressings	T074	C0180523
27889585	356	374	securement devices	T074	C1742511
27889585	382	391	incidence	T081	C0021149
27889585	395	405	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27889585	406	421	venous catheter	T074	C0745442
27889585	422	429	failure	T066	C0086138
27889585	434	442	searched	T052	C1706202
27889585	447	477	Cochrane Wounds Group Register	T170	C0282574
27889585	483	529	Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials	T170	C0282574
27889585	531	538	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
27889585	540	546	EMBASE	T170	C0242356
27889585	551	557	CINAHL	T170	C0242356
27889585	566	594	randomised controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27889585	595	604	comparing	T052	C1707455
27889585	605	614	different	T080	C1705242
27889585	615	624	dressings	T074	C0180523
27889585	628	646	securement devices	T074	C1742511
27889585	655	664	stabilise	T033	C0184512
27889585	665	675	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27889585	676	692	venous catheters	T074	C0745442
27889585	698	707	reference	T170	C1514811
27889585	708	713	lists	T170	C0745732
27889585	717	725	included	T169	C0332257
27889585	726	733	studies	T062	C0681814
27889585	744	752	searched	T052	C1706202
27889585	761	771	previously	T079	C0205156
27889585	772	792	unidentified studies	T062	C0681814
27889585	797	805	included	T169	C0332257
27889585	810	838	randomised controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27889585	845	857	participants	T098	C0679646
27889585	864	872	compared	T052	C1707455
27889585	881	890	dressings	T074	C0180523
27889585	895	913	securement devices	T074	C1742511
27889585	915	936	transparent dressings	T074	C0770788
27889585	944	949	gauze	T074	C0590323
27889585	951	959	bordered	T082	C0205284
27889585	960	981	transparent dressings	T074	C0770788
27889585	991	1008	securement device	T074	C1742511
27889585	1010	1018	bordered	T082	C0205284
27889585	1019	1040	transparent dressings	T074	C0770788
27889585	1048	1052	tape	T074	C0001514
27889585	1058	1078	transparent dressing	T074	C0770788
27889585	1086	1102	sticking plaster	T074	C0001512
27889585	1105	1110	Trial	T062	C0008976
27889585	1111	1116	sizes	T081	C0032683
27889585	1117	1123	ranged	T081	C1514721
27889585	1139	1151	participants	T098	C0679646
27889585	1157	1164	quality	T080	C0332306
27889585	1168	1176	evidence	T078	C3887511
27889585	1177	1183	ranged	T081	C1514721
27889585	1189	1192	low	T080	C0205251
27889585	1196	1204	very low	T033	C0442811
27889585	1206	1214	Catheter	T074	C0085590
27889585	1215	1228	dislodgements	T037	C1608950
27889585	1232	1251	accidental removals	T033	C2585801
27889585	1257	1262	lower	T052	C2003888
27889585	1268	1289	transparent dressings	T074	C0770788
27889585	1290	1298	compared	T052	C1707455
27889585	1304	1309	gauze	T074	C0590323
27889585	1315	1322	studies	T062	C0681814
27889585	1328	1340	participants	T098	C0679646
27889585	1342	1352	risk ratio	T081	C0028873
27889585	1354	1356	RR	T081	C0028873
27889585	1368	1387	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27889585	1389	1391	CI	T081	C0009667
27889585	1427	1435	relative	T080	C0205345
27889585	1436	1443	effects	T080	C1280500
27889585	1447	1468	transparent dressings	T074	C0770788
27889585	1473	1478	gauze	T074	C0590323
27889585	1482	1491	phlebitis	T046	C0031542
27889585	1493	1495	RR	T081	C0028873
27889585	1506	1508	CI	T081	C0009667
27889585	1524	1536	infiltration	T046	C0332448
27889585	1538	1540	RR	T081	C0028873
27889585	1551	1553	CI	T081	C0009667
27889585	1569	1576	unclear	T033	C3845108
27889585	1580	1592	single study	T062	C0681814
27889585	1593	1603	identified	T080	C0205396
27889585	1609	1617	frequent	T079	C0332183
27889585	1618	1630	dislodgement	T037	C1608950
27889585	1634	1661	accidental catheter removal	T033	C2585801
27889585	1667	1675	bordered	T082	C0205284
27889585	1676	1697	transparent dressings	T074	C0770788
27889585	1698	1706	compared	T052	C1707455
27889585	1712	1729	securement device	T074	C1742511
27889585	1731	1733	RR	T081	C0028873
27889585	1744	1746	CI	T081	C0009667
27889585	1767	1776	phlebitis	T046	C0031542
27889585	1782	1790	bordered	T082	C0205284
27889585	1791	1800	dressings	T074	C0180523
27889585	1802	1804	RR	T081	C0028873
27889585	1815	1817	CI	T081	C0009667
27889585	1833	1843	comparison	T052	C1707455
27889585	1849	1857	bordered	T082	C0205284
27889585	1858	1878	transparent dressing	T074	C0770788
27889585	1883	1887	tape	T074	C0001514
27889585	1888	1893	found	T033	C0150312
27889585	1899	1909	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27889585	1910	1925	venous catheter	T074	C0745442
27889585	1926	1933	failure	T066	C0086138
27889585	1943	1951	bordered	T082	C0205284
27889585	1952	1960	dressing	T074	C0180523
27889585	1962	1964	RR	T081	C0028873
27889585	1975	1977	CI	T081	C0009667
27889585	1997	2005	relative	T080	C0205345
27889585	2006	2012	effect	T080	C1280500
27889585	2016	2028	dislodgement	T037	C1608950
27889585	2033	2040	unclear	T033	C3845108
27889585	2054	2060	strong	T080	C0442821
27889585	2061	2069	evidence	T078	C3887511
27889585	2073	2080	suggest	T078	C1705535
27889585	2094	2102	dressing	T074	C0180523
27889585	2106	2116	securement	T033	C1545588
27889585	2129	2139	preventing	T169	C1292733
27889585	2140	2150	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27889585	2151	2166	venous catheter	T074	C0745442
27889585	2167	2174	failure	T066	C0086138
27889585	2183	2192	effective	T080	C1704419
27889585	2202	2215	other product	T071	C1514468
27889585	2228	2236	included	T169	C0332257
27889585	2237	2243	trials	T062	C0008976
27889585	2249	2254	small	T081	C0700321
27889585	2256	2264	had high	T080	C0205250
27889585	2268	2275	unclear	T033	C3845108
27889585	2276	2280	risk	T078	C0035647
27889585	2284	2288	bias	T078	C0242568
27889585	2312	2319	quality	T080	C0332306
27889585	2320	2328	elements	T077	C1705248
27889585	2332	2340	assessed	T052	C1516048
27889585	2346	2350	wide	T082	C0332464
27889585	2351	2371	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27889585	2389	2396	further	T082	C1517331
27889585	2397	2425	randomised controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27889585	2452	2456	need	T080	C0027552
27889585	2479	2498	high quality trials	T062	C0008976
27889585	2502	2510	evaluate	T080	C0205556
27889585	2515	2520	newer	T080	C0205314
27889585	2531	2539	products	T071	C1514468
27889585	2544	2549	novel	T080	C0205314
27889585	2556	2565	expensive	T081	C0392762
27889585	2568	2578	securement	T033	C1545588
27889585	2579	2586	methods	T169	C0025664
27889585	2596	2615	surgical grade glue	T167	C0017780

27890332|t|Impact of hospital transfer on surgical outcomes of intestinal atresia
27890332|a|Examine effects of hospital transfer into a quaternary care center on surgical outcomes of intestinal atresia. Children <1 yo principally diagnosed with intestinal atresia were identified using the Kids' Inpatient Database (2012). Exposure variable was patient transfer status. Outcomes measured were inpatient mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS) and discharge status. Linearized standard errors, design-based F tests, and multivariable logistic regression were performed. 1672 weighted discharges represented a national cohort. The highest income group and those with private insurance had significantly lower odds of transfer (OR:0.53 and 0.74, p < 0.05). Rural patients had significantly higher transfer rates (OR: 2.73, p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed no difference in mortality (OR:0.71, p = 0.464) or non-home discharge (OR: 0.79, p = 0.166), but showed prolonged LOS (OR:1.79, p < 0.05) amongst transferred patients. Significant differences in hospital LOS and treatment access reveal a potential healthcare gap. Post-acute care resources should be improved for transferred patients.
27890332	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27890332	10	27	hospital transfer	T058	C2065834
27890332	31	48	surgical outcomes	T033	C0544721
27890332	52	70	intestinal atresia	T047	C0021828
27890332	79	86	effects	T080	C1280500
27890332	90	107	hospital transfer	T058	C2065834
27890332	115	137	quaternary care center	T093	C3658282
27890332	141	158	surgical outcomes	T033	C0544721
27890332	162	180	intestinal atresia	T047	C0021828
27890332	182	190	Children	T100	C0008059
27890332	194	196	yo	T079	C0439234
27890332	209	218	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27890332	224	242	intestinal atresia	T047	C0021828
27890332	248	258	identified	T080	C0205396
27890332	269	293	Kids' Inpatient Database	T170	C0242356
27890332	302	319	Exposure variable	T080	C0439828
27890332	324	331	patient	T101	C0030705
27890332	332	347	transfer status	T033	C0586512
27890332	349	366	Outcomes measured	T081	C0086749
27890332	372	381	inpatient	T101	C0021562
27890332	382	391	mortality	T081	C0021278
27890332	393	416	hospital length of stay	T079	C3826195
27890332	418	421	LOS	T079	C3826195
27890332	427	443	discharge status	T033	C0586514
27890332	445	471	Linearized standard errors	T081	C1710181
27890332	473	493	design-based F tests	T170	C0870536
27890332	499	532	multivariable logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27890332	538	547	performed	T169	C0884358
27890332	554	573	weighted discharges	T058	C0030685
27890332	588	603	national cohort	T098	C0599755
27890332	609	623	highest income	T033	C0948433
27890332	624	629	group	T098	C1257890
27890332	645	662	private insurance	T058	C2347682
27890332	695	703	transfer	T058	C0030704
27890332	734	739	Rural	T033	C0240919
27890332	740	748	patients	T101	C0030705
27890332	774	782	transfer	T058	C0030704
27890332	783	788	rates	T081	C1521828
27890332	811	832	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27890332	833	841	revealed	T080	C0443289
27890332	842	855	no difference	T033	C3842396
27890332	859	868	mortality	T081	C0021278
27890332	893	911	non-home discharge	T058	C0030685
27890332	946	955	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27890332	956	959	LOS	T079	C3826195
27890332	988	1008	transferred patients	T101	C0030705
27890332	1022	1033	differences	T081	C1705241
27890332	1037	1049	hospital LOS	T079	C3826195
27890332	1054	1063	treatment	T061	C0087111
27890332	1071	1077	reveal	T080	C0443289
27890332	1080	1089	potential	T080	C3245505
27890332	1090	1100	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27890332	1106	1121	Post-acute care	T091	C0376635
27890332	1142	1150	improved	T033	C0184511
27890332	1155	1175	transferred patients	T101	C0030705

27890470|t|sGC stimulators: Evidence for riociguat beyond groups 1 and 4 pulmonary hypertension
27890470|a|Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic cardiopulmonary disorder that if left untreated, progresses rapidly and is ultimately fatal. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified PH into 5 distinct groups according to pathophysiology, hemodynamic characteristics, and clinical presentation. Dysfunction in the nitric oxide (NO) pathway plays a key role in the pulmonary hypertension disease process, including in WHO Groups 2 and 3 PH. PH is associated with endothelial dysfunction, impaired synthesis of NO, and insufficient stimulation of the NO-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, which reduces cGMP production. cGMP regulates vascular tone, cellular proliferation, inflammation, and fibrosis and its depletion can lead to a variety of abnormalities, including pulmonary vasoconstriction, impaired vascular remodeling, and in situ thrombosis. This review will examine a novel class of drugs called sGC stimulators which directly stimulate sGC independently of NO, leading to increased production of cGMP.
27890470	0	15	sGC stimulators	T121	C3819023
27890470	17	25	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27890470	30	39	riociguat	T109,T121	C2717561
27890470	47	55	groups 1	T047	C2973725
27890470	60	84	4 pulmonary hypertension	T047	C2363973
27890470	85	107	Pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27890470	109	111	PH	T046	C0020542
27890470	118	125	chronic	T079	C0205191
27890470	126	150	cardiopulmonary disorder	T047	C0034072
27890470	175	185	progresses	T169	C1272688
27890470	186	193	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27890470	212	217	fatal	T080	C1302234
27890470	223	248	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
27890470	250	253	WHO	T093	C0043237
27890470	259	269	classified	T185	C0008902
27890470	270	272	PH	T046	C0020542
27890470	289	295	groups	T078	C0441833
27890470	309	324	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
27890470	326	337	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27890470	338	353	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27890470	359	380	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
27890470	382	393	Dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27890470	401	426	nitric oxide (NO) pathway	T044	C1518332
27890470	451	473	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
27890470	474	489	disease process	T046	C0030660
27890470	504	507	WHO	T093	C0043237
27890470	508	516	Groups 2	T047	C3532326
27890470	521	525	3 PH	T047	C3698136
27890470	527	529	PH	T046	C0020542
27890470	533	548	associated with	T080	C0332281
27890470	549	572	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27890470	574	582	impaired	T169	C0221099
27890470	583	598	synthesis of NO	T044	C1157570
27890470	604	616	insufficient	T080	C0231180
27890470	617	628	stimulation	T070	C1948023
27890470	636	716	NO-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway	T044	C3271755
27890470	724	731	reduces	T080	C0392756
27890470	732	736	cGMP	T114,T123	C0018338
27890470	737	747	production	T169	C0205245
27890470	749	753	cGMP	T114,T123	C0018338
27890470	764	777	vascular tone	T042	C0042396
27890470	779	801	cellular proliferation	T043	C0596290
27890470	803	815	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27890470	821	829	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
27890470	838	847	depletion	T169	C0333668
27890470	873	886	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27890470	898	924	pulmonary vasoconstriction	T033	C1867424
27890470	926	934	impaired	T169	C0221099
27890470	935	954	vascular remodeling	T042	C3850148
27890470	960	978	in situ thrombosis	T033	C1867429
27890470	997	1004	examine	T033	C0332128
27890470	1007	1012	novel	T080	C0205314
27890470	1022	1027	drugs	T121	C0013227
27890470	1035	1050	sGC stimulators	T121	C3819023
27890470	1066	1075	stimulate	T070	C1948023
27890470	1076	1079	sGC	T116,T126,T192	C1097411
27890470	1080	1093	independently	T169	C0332291
27890470	1097	1099	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27890470	1112	1121	increased	T081	C0205217
27890470	1122	1132	production	T169	C0205245
27890470	1136	1140	cGMP	T114,T123	C0018338

27890602|t|The endocannabinoid hydrolysis inhibitor SA-57: Intrinsic antinociceptive effects, augmented morphine -induced antinociception, and attenuated heroin seeking behavior in mice
27890602|a|Although opioids are highly efficacious analgesics, their abuse potential and other untoward side effects diminish their therapeutic utility. The addition of non-opioid analgesics offers a promising strategy to reduce required antinociceptive opioid doses that concomitantly reduce opioid-related side effects. Inhibitors of the primary endocannabinoid catabolic enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) show opioid - sparing effects in preclinical models of pain. As simultaneous inhibition of these enzymes elicits enhanced antinociceptive effects compared with single enzyme inhibition, the present study tested whether the dual FAAH - MAGL inhibitor SA-57 [4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl ester] produces morphine -sparing antinociceptive effects, without major side effects associated with either drug class. SA-57 dose -dependently reversed mechanical allodynia in the constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve model of neuropathic pain and carrageenan inflammatory pain model. As previously reported, SA-57 was considerably more potent in elevating anandamide (AEA) than 2-arachidonyl glycerol (2-AG) in brain. Its anti-allodynic effects required cannabinoid (CB)1 and CB2 receptors; however, only CB2 receptors were necessary for the anti-edematous effects in the carrageenan assay. Although high doses of SA-57 alone were required to produce antinociception, low doses of this compound, which elevated AEA and did not affect 2-AG brain levels, augmented the antinociceptive effects of morphine, but lacked cannabimimetic side effects. Because of the high abuse liability of opioids and implication of the endocannabinoid system in the reinforcing effects of opioids, the final experiment tested whether SA-57 would alter heroin seeking behavior. Strikingly, SA-57 reduced heroin - reinforced nose poke behavior and the progressive ratio break point for heroin. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that inhibition of endocannabinoid degradative enzymes represents a promising therapeutic approach to decrease effective doses of opioids needed for clinical pain control, and may also possess therapeutic potential to reduce opioid abuse.
27890602	4	19	endocannabinoid	T109,T123	C1172779
27890602	20	30	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
27890602	31	40	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27890602	41	46	SA-57	T109,T121	C4310529
27890602	58	73	antinociceptive	T033	C1866932
27890602	74	81	effects	T080	C1280500
27890602	93	101	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27890602	111	126	antinociception	T033	C1866932
27890602	143	149	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
27890602	150	166	seeking behavior	T033	C0694536
27890602	170	174	mice	T015	C0025929
27890602	184	191	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27890602	215	225	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
27890602	233	248	abuse potential	T048	C0013146
27890602	259	280	untoward side effects	T046	C0879626
27890602	296	307	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27890602	308	315	utility	T169	C0457083
27890602	333	354	non-opioid analgesics	T121	C0242937
27890602	402	417	antinociceptive	T033	C1866932
27890602	418	424	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27890602	425	430	doses	T081	C0178602
27890602	457	484	opioid-related side effects	T048	C0027412
27890602	486	496	Inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27890602	512	527	endocannabinoid	T109,T123	C1172779
27890602	528	537	catabolic	T039	C1516314
27890602	538	545	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27890602	546	572	fatty acid amide hydrolase	T116,T126	C0531004
27890602	574	578	FAAH	T116,T126	C0531004
27890602	584	607	monoacylglycerol lipase	T116,T126	C0026452
27890602	609	613	MAGL	T116,T126	C0026452
27890602	620	626	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27890602	629	644	sparing effects	T046	C0879626
27890602	648	666	preclinical models	T170	C1514292
27890602	670	674	pain	T184	C0030193
27890602	679	691	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27890602	692	702	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27890602	712	719	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27890602	728	736	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27890602	737	752	antinociceptive	T033	C1866932
27890602	753	760	effects	T080	C1280500
27890602	782	799	enzyme inhibition	T039	C1524081
27890602	843	847	FAAH	T116,T126	C0531004
27890602	850	854	MAGL	T116,T126	C0026452
27890602	855	864	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
27890602	865	870	SA-57	T109,T121	C4310529
27890602	872	960	4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid 2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl ester	T109,T121	C4310529
27890602	971	979	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27890602	989	1004	antinociceptive	T033	C1866932
27890602	1005	1012	effects	T080	C1280500
27890602	1028	1040	side effects	T046	C0879626
27890602	1064	1074	drug class	T121	C1254351
27890602	1076	1081	SA-57	T109,T121	C4310529
27890602	1082	1086	dose	T081	C0178602
27890602	1109	1129	mechanical allodynia	T184	C2936719
27890602	1137	1156	constriction injury	T037	C0332680
27890602	1158	1161	CCI	T037	C0332680
27890602	1170	1183	sciatic nerve	T023	C0036394
27890602	1193	1209	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
27890602	1214	1225	carrageenan	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27890602	1226	1243	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
27890602	1275	1280	SA-57	T109,T121	C4310529
27890602	1323	1333	anandamide	T109,T123	C0211726
27890602	1335	1338	AEA	T109,T123	C0211726
27890602	1345	1367	2-arachidonyl glycerol	T109,T121	C0299477
27890602	1369	1373	2-AG	T109,T121	C0299477
27890602	1378	1383	brain	T023	C0006104
27890602	1389	1411	anti-allodynic effects	T033	C0243095
27890602	1421	1438	cannabinoid (CB)1	T116,T192	C0378126
27890602	1443	1456	CB2 receptors	T116,T192	C0208757
27890602	1472	1485	CB2 receptors	T116,T192	C0208757
27890602	1509	1531	anti-edematous effects	T033	C0243095
27890602	1539	1550	carrageenan	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
27890602	1551	1556	assay	T059	C1510438
27890602	1567	1577	high doses	T081	C0444956
27890602	1581	1586	SA-57	T109,T121	C4310529
27890602	1618	1633	antinociception	T033	C1866932
27890602	1635	1644	low doses	T081	C0445550
27890602	1653	1661	compound	T109,T121	C4310529
27890602	1669	1677	elevated	T080	C3163633
27890602	1678	1681	AEA	T109,T123	C0211726
27890602	1701	1705	2-AG	T109,T121	C0299477
27890602	1706	1711	brain	T023	C0006104
27890602	1712	1718	levels	T080	C0441889
27890602	1720	1729	augmented	T081	C0205217
27890602	1734	1749	antinociceptive	T033	C1866932
27890602	1750	1757	effects	T080	C1280500
27890602	1761	1769	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27890602	1782	1796	cannabimimetic	T073	C1136386
27890602	1797	1809	side effects	T046	C0879626
27890602	1831	1846	abuse liability	T080	C0237444
27890602	1850	1857	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27890602	1881	1903	endocannabinoid system	T044	C3156138
27890602	1911	1930	reinforcing effects	T080	C1280500
27890602	1934	1941	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27890602	1953	1963	experiment	T062	C0681814
27890602	1979	1984	SA-57	T109,T121	C4310529
27890602	1997	2003	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
27890602	2004	2020	seeking behavior	T033	C0694536
27890602	2034	2039	SA-57	T109,T121	C4310529
27890602	2048	2054	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
27890602	2057	2086	reinforced nose poke behavior	T053	C0004927
27890602	2129	2135	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
27890602	2179	2184	study	T062	C0008972
27890602	2198	2208	inhibition	T039	C1524081
27890602	2212	2227	endocannabinoid	T109,T123	C1172779
27890602	2228	2239	degradative	T040	C0699900
27890602	2240	2247	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27890602	2271	2291	therapeutic approach	T061	C0087111
27890602	2304	2313	effective	T080	C1280519
27890602	2314	2319	doses	T081	C0178602
27890602	2323	2330	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
27890602	2342	2350	clinical	T080	C0205210
27890602	2351	2363	pain control	T061	C1304888
27890602	2386	2397	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27890602	2398	2407	potential	T080	C3245505
27890602	2418	2430	opioid abuse	T048	C0029095

27891353|t|Association of C-Reactive Protein (rs1205) Gene Polymorphism with Susceptibility to Psoriasis in South Indian Tamils
27891353|a|Psoriasis is a multi-factorial heritable T-helper Th-1 / Th-17 mediated inflammatory disease, affecting the skin. It is associated with co-morbidities such as Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a good inflammatory marker. CRP rs1205 polymorphism is associated with circulating plasma CRP levels. Although there is association between the rs1205 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) and CVD, there are no prior reports regarding the association of CRP rs1205 SNP with psoriasis susceptibility. To study the association of the genetic variant rs1205 in the CRP gene with susceptibility to the disease and protein levels in South Indian Tamils with psoriasis. In this case-control genetic study, 300 cases of psoriasis and 300 age and gender matched controls were genotyped for CRP SNP rs1205 using Taq Man 5'allele discrimination assay at Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India from February 2014 to January 2016. Plasma high sensitivity (hs)- CRP levels were estimated by ELISA. Disease severity was assessed by Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). CRP genetic variation rs1205 was not associated with psoriasis risk in our South Indian Tamil population. However, the circulating levels of hs - CRP was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis, as compared with controls (p < 0.0001) and the protein levels were significantly associated with disease severity, as assessed by PASI scoring. No genotype was found significantly associated with PASI or CRP levels. Our results suggest that plasma CRP levels are higher in patients with psoriasis and correlate with disease severity, whilst CRP rs1205 is not associated with susceptibility to psoriasis in South Indian Tamils.
27891353	15	42	C-Reactive Protein (rs1205)	T028	C1413716
27891353	43	60	Gene Polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27891353	66	80	Susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27891353	84	93	Psoriasis	T047	C0033860
27891353	97	116	South Indian Tamils	T098	C0337946
27891353	117	126	Psoriasis	T047	C0033860
27891353	148	157	heritable	T169	C0439660
27891353	158	171	T-helper Th-1	T025	C0242632
27891353	174	179	Th-17	T025	C2936411
27891353	189	209	inflammatory disease	T047	C1290884
27891353	225	229	skin	T022	C1123023
27891353	253	267	co-morbidities	T078	C0009488
27891353	276	298	Cardiovascular Disease	T047	C0007222
27891353	300	303	CVD	T047	C0007222
27891353	306	324	C-Reactive Protein	T116,T129	C0006560
27891353	326	329	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
27891353	341	353	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27891353	354	360	marker	T201	C0005516
27891353	362	372	CRP rs1205	T028	C1413716
27891353	373	385	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27891353	417	434	plasma CRP levels	T034	C1306826
27891353	478	521	rs1205 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)	T086	C0752046
27891353	526	529	CVD	T047	C0007222
27891353	587	590	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
27891353	591	601	rs1205 SNP	T086	C0752046
27891353	607	616	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
27891353	617	631	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27891353	636	641	study	T062	C2603343
27891353	665	680	genetic variant	T028	C0678941
27891353	681	687	rs1205	T028	C1413716
27891353	695	703	CRP gene	T028	C1413716
27891353	709	738	susceptibility to the disease	T201	C0012655
27891353	743	757	protein levels	T034	C0428479
27891353	761	780	South Indian Tamils	T098	C0337946
27891353	786	795	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
27891353	805	817	case-control	T062	C0007328
27891353	818	831	genetic study	T062	C2827447
27891353	846	855	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
27891353	864	867	age	T032	C0001779
27891353	872	878	gender	T032	C0079399
27891353	887	895	controls	T096	C0009932
27891353	901	910	genotyped	T032	C0017431
27891353	915	929	CRP SNP rs1205	T028	C1413716
27891353	936	973	Taq Man 5'allele discrimination assay	T059	C0005507
27891353	977	1044	Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research	T093	C0018696
27891353	1046	1056	Puducherry	UnknownType	C0681784
27891353	1058	1063	India	T083	C0021201
27891353	1100	1106	Plasma	T031	C0032105
27891353	1107	1123	high sensitivity	T059	C1441604
27891353	1125	1127	hs	T059	C1441604
27891353	1130	1140	CRP levels	T034	C0428528
27891353	1159	1164	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27891353	1166	1182	Disease severity	T080	C0521117
27891353	1199	1228	Psoriasis Area Severity Index	T081	C0036859
27891353	1230	1234	PASI	T081	C0036859
27891353	1237	1265	CRP genetic variation rs1205	T028	C1413716
27891353	1290	1299	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
27891353	1300	1304	risk	T078	C0035647
27891353	1312	1341	South Indian Tamil population	T098	C0337946
27891353	1378	1380	hs	T059	C1441604
27891353	1383	1386	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
27891353	1415	1423	patients	T101	C0030705
27891353	1429	1438	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
27891353	1457	1465	controls	T096	C0009932
27891353	1487	1501	protein levels	T034	C0428479
27891353	1537	1553	disease severity	T080	C0521117
27891353	1570	1582	PASI scoring	T033	C4027888
27891353	1584	1586	No	T033	C1513916
27891353	1587	1595	genotype	T032	C0017431
27891353	1636	1640	PASI	T081	C0036859
27891353	1644	1654	CRP levels	T034	C0428528
27891353	1681	1698	plasma CRP levels	T034	C1306826
27891353	1713	1721	patients	T101	C0030705
27891353	1727	1736	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
27891353	1756	1772	disease severity	T080	C0521117
27891353	1781	1791	CRP rs1205	T028	C1413716
27891353	1815	1829	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
27891353	1833	1842	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
27891353	1846	1865	South Indian Tamils	T098	C0337946

27891554|t|Teaching Genetic Counseling Skills: Incorporating a Genetic Counseling Adaptation Continuum Model to Address Psychosocial Complexity
27891554|a|Genetic counselors are trained health care professionals who effectively integrate both psychosocial counseling and information-giving into their practice. Preparing genetic counseling students for clinical practice is a challenging task, particularly when helping them develop effective and active counseling skills. Resistance to incorporating these skills may stem from decreased confidence, fear of causing harm or a lack of clarity of psycho-social goals. The author reflects on the personal challenges experienced in teaching genetic counselling students to work with psychological and social complexity, and proposes a Genetic Counseling Adaptation Continuum model and methodology to guide students in the use of advanced counseling skills.
27891554	0	8	Teaching	T065	C0220924
27891554	9	27	Genetic Counseling	T061	C0017382
27891554	28	34	Skills	T055	C0678856
27891554	52	70	Genetic Counseling	T061	C0017382
27891554	71	81	Adaptation	T038	C0392673
27891554	82	97	Continuum Model	T170	C3161035
27891554	109	121	Psychosocial	T169	C0542298
27891554	122	132	Complexity	T169	C0237523
27891554	133	151	Genetic counselors	T097	C0587719
27891554	156	163	trained	T065	C0683844
27891554	164	189	health care professionals	T097	C1704312
27891554	221	244	psychosocial counseling	T061	C0841579
27891554	279	287	practice	T041	C0237607
27891554	299	317	genetic counseling	T061	C0017382
27891554	318	326	students	T098	C0038492
27891554	331	348	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
27891554	366	370	task	T057	C3540678
27891554	390	397	helping	T054	C0018896
27891554	411	420	effective	T080	C1704419
27891554	425	449	active counseling skills	T055	C0678856
27891554	451	461	Resistance	T169	C4281815
27891554	485	491	skills	T055	C0678856
27891554	506	515	decreased	T081	C0205216
27891554	516	526	confidence	T041	C1704726
27891554	528	532	fear	T041	C0015726
27891554	554	558	lack	T080	C0332268
27891554	562	569	clarity	T201	C0486588
27891554	573	592	psycho-social goals	T078	C0243156
27891554	598	604	author	T097	C3812881
27891554	605	613	reflects	T041	C0558058
27891554	621	629	personal	T032	C1519021
27891554	630	640	challenges	T058	C0805586
27891554	656	664	teaching	T065	C0220924
27891554	665	684	genetic counselling	T061	C0017382
27891554	685	693	students	T098	C0038492
27891554	707	720	psychological	T169	C0205486
27891554	725	731	social	T169	C0728831
27891554	732	742	complexity	T169	C0237523
27891554	759	777	Genetic Counseling	T061	C0017382
27891554	778	788	Adaptation	T038	C0392673
27891554	789	804	Continuum model	T170	C3161035
27891554	809	820	methodology	T078	C3266812
27891554	830	838	students	T098	C0038492
27891554	853	861	advanced	T080	C0205179
27891554	862	879	counseling skills	T055	C0678856

27891581|t|Antigen specificity determines anti-red blood cell IgG-Fc alloantibody glycosylation and thereby severity of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
27891581|a|Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) is a severe disease in which fetal red blood cells (RBC) are destroyed by maternal anti-RBC IgG alloantibodies. HDFN is most often caused by anti-D but may also occur due to anti-K, -c - or -E. We recently found N-linked glycosylation of anti-D to be skewed towards low fucosylation, thereby increasing the affinity to IgG-Fc receptor IIIa and IIIb, which correlated with HDFN disease severity. Here, we analysed 230 pregnant women with anti-c, -E or -K alloantibodies from a prospective screening cohort and investigated the type of Fc-tail glycosylation of these antibodies in relation to the trigger of immunisation and pregnancy outcome. Anti-c, -E and -K show - independent of the event that had led to immunisation - a different kind of Fc-glycosylation compared to that of the total IgG fraction, but with less pronounced differences compared to anti-D. High Fc-galactosylation and sialylation of anti-c correlated with HDFN disease severity, while low anti-K Fc-fucosylation correlated with severe fetal anaemia. IgG-Fc glycosylation of anti-RBC antibodies is shaped depending on the antigen. These features influence their clinical potency and may therefore be used to predict severity and identify those needing treatment.
27891581	0	19	Antigen specificity	T044	C1536991
27891581	31	70	anti-red blood cell IgG-Fc alloantibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27891581	71	84	glycosylation	T070	C0017982
27891581	97	105	severity	T080	C0439793
27891581	109	152	haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn	T047	C0014761
27891581	153	196	Haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn	T047	C0014761
27891581	198	202	HDFN	T047	C0014761
27891581	216	223	disease	T047	C0012634
27891581	233	238	fetal	T018	C0015965
27891581	239	254	red blood cells	T025	C0014792
27891581	256	259	RBC	T025	C0014792
27891581	265	274	destroyed	T052	C1948029
27891581	278	314	maternal anti-RBC IgG alloantibodies	T116,T129	C0729663
27891581	316	320	HDFN	T047	C0014761
27891581	345	351	anti-D	T116,T129	C0140430
27891581	371	377	due to	T169	C0678226
27891581	378	384	anti-K	T116,T129	C0313239
27891581	386	388	-c	T116,T129	C0432626
27891581	394	396	-E	T116,T129	C0947659
27891581	416	438	N-linked glycosylation	T044	C1622430
27891581	442	448	anti-D	T116,T129	C0140430
27891581	470	473	low	T080	C0205251
27891581	474	486	fucosylation	T044	C3271553
27891581	496	506	increasing	T169	C0442808
27891581	511	519	affinity	T044	C0003255
27891581	523	543	IgG-Fc receptor IIIa	T116,T129,T192	C1521898
27891581	548	552	IIIb	T116,T129,T192	C0966831
27891581	560	570	correlated	T080	C1707520
27891581	576	580	HDFN	T047	C0014761
27891581	581	588	disease	T047	C0012634
27891581	589	597	severity	T080	C0439793
27891581	621	635	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27891581	641	647	anti-c	T116,T129	C0432626
27891581	649	651	-E	T116,T129	C0947659
27891581	655	657	-K	T116,T129	C0313239
27891581	658	672	alloantibodies	T129	C0022144
27891581	692	708	screening cohort	T058	C0422390
27891581	713	725	investigated	T169	C1292732
27891581	738	759	Fc-tail glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27891581	769	779	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27891581	799	806	trigger	T080	C1444748
27891581	810	822	immunisation	T061	C0020971
27891581	827	844	pregnancy outcome	T033	C0032972
27891581	846	852	Anti-c	T116,T129	C0432626
27891581	854	856	-E	T116,T129	C0947659
27891581	861	863	-K	T116,T129	C0313239
27891581	871	885	independent of	T169	C0332291
27891581	890	895	event	T051	C0441471
27891581	912	924	immunisation	T061	C0020971
27891581	929	938	different	T080	C1705242
27891581	947	963	Fc-glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27891581	994	997	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27891581	994	1006	IgG fraction	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27891581	1057	1063	anti-D	T116,T129	C0140430
27891581	1070	1088	Fc-galactosylation	T044	C1159287
27891581	1093	1104	sialylation	T043	C4235385
27891581	1108	1114	anti-c	T116,T129	C0432626
27891581	1131	1135	HDFN	T047	C0014761
27891581	1136	1143	disease	T047	C0012634
27891581	1144	1152	severity	T080	C0439793
27891581	1164	1170	anti-K	T116,T129	C0313239
27891581	1171	1186	Fc-fucosylation	T044	C1159287
27891581	1187	1197	correlated	T080	C1707520
27891581	1203	1209	severe	T080	C0205082
27891581	1210	1223	fetal anaemia	T047	C2349595
27891581	1225	1245	IgG-Fc glycosylation	T044	C0376322
27891581	1249	1268	anti-RBC antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27891581	1296	1303	antigen	T129	C0003320
27891581	1311	1319	features	T080	C2348519
27891581	1336	1352	clinical potency	T080	C3850123
27891581	1382	1389	predict	T078	C0681842
27891581	1390	1398	severity	T080	C0439793
27891581	1426	1435	treatment	T169	C0039798

27892235|t|Shout louder about poor pay
27892235|a|It seems increasingly clear to me that the NHS pay campaign is not making waves either in the NHS or with the public.
27892235	19	27	poor pay	T081	C0871051
27892235	71	74	NHS	T058	C0027462
27892235	75	78	pay	T081	C0871051
27892235	79	87	campaign	UnknownType	C0680899
27892235	122	125	NHS	T058	C0027462
27892235	138	144	public	T098	C0683971

27892236|t|1 in 100 babies: the fetal alcohol spectrum disorder pathway
27892236|a|Alcohol consumed during pregnancy is the nation's leading preventable cause of developmental disabilities and birth defects. One in 100 babies is estimated to be born with alcohol-related damage, according to the World Health Organization. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are more common than autism but are under- diagnosed.
27892236	9	15	babies	T100	C0021270
27892236	21	52	fetal alcohol spectrum disorder	T019,T047	C2985290
27892236	53	60	pathway	T077	C1705987
27892236	61	68	Alcohol	T168	C0001967
27892236	69	77	consumed	T055	C0001948
27892236	85	94	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27892236	102	110	nation's	UnknownType	C0683734
27892236	119	130	preventable	T080	C2700409
27892236	131	136	cause	T169	C0015127
27892236	140	166	developmental disabilities	T048	C0008073
27892236	171	184	birth defects	T019	C0220810
27892236	197	203	babies	T100	C0021270
27892236	223	227	born	T040	C0005615
27892236	233	255	alcohol-related damage	T047	C3146244
27892236	274	299	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
27892236	301	333	Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders	T019,T047	C2985290
27892236	335	340	FASDs	T019,T047	C2985290
27892236	363	369	autism	T048	C0004352
27892236	385	394	diagnosed	T033	C0011900

27892411|t|Metabolic signatures of birthweight in 18 288 adolescents and adults
27892411|a|Lower birthweight is associated with increased susceptibility to cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood, but the underlying molecular pathways are incompletely understood. We examined associations of birthweight with a comprehensive metabolic profile measured in adolescents and adults. High-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics and biochemical assays were used to quantify 87 circulating metabolic measures in seven cohorts from Finland and the UK, comprising altogether 18 288 individuals (mean age 26 years, range 15-75). Metabolic associations with birthweight were assessed by linear regression models adjusted for sex, gestational age and age at blood sampling. The metabolic associations with birthweight were compared with the corresponding associations with adult body mass index (BMI). Lower birthweight adjusted for gestational age was adversely associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers, including lipoprotein subclasses, fatty acids, amino acids and markers of inflammation and impaired liver function (P < 0.0015 for 46 measures). Associations were consistent across cohorts with different ages at metabolic profiling, but the magnitudes were weak. The pattern of metabolic deviations associated with lower birthweight resembled the metabolic signature of higher adult BMI (R(2) = 0.77) assessed at the same time as the metabolic profiling. The resemblance indicated that 1 kg lower birthweight is associated with similar metabolic aberrations as caused by 0.92 units higher BMI in adulthood. Lower birthweight adjusted for gestational age is associated with adverse biomarker aberrations across multiple metabolic pathways. Coherent metabolic signatures between lower birthweight and higher adult adiposity suggest that shared molecular pathways may potentially underpin the metabolic deviations. However, the magnitudes of metabolic associations with birthweight are modest in comparison to the effects of adiposity, implying that birthweight is only a weak indicator of the metabolic risk profile in adulthood.
27892411	0	20	Metabolic signatures	T039	C3853758
27892411	24	35	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27892411	46	57	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27892411	62	68	adults	T100	C0001675
27892411	69	86	Lower birthweight	T033	C0024032
27892411	90	105	associated with	T080	C0332281
27892411	106	130	increased susceptibility	T033	C0243095
27892411	134	158	cardiometabolic diseases	T047	C0025517
27892411	159	171	in adulthood	T079	C2945655
27892411	192	210	molecular pathways	T044	C1704259
27892411	268	279	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27892411	287	300	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27892411	301	318	metabolic profile	T039	C3853758
27892411	319	327	measured	T080	C0444706
27892411	331	342	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27892411	347	353	adults	T100	C0001675
27892411	355	370	High-throughput	T060	C0872186
27892411	371	397	nuclear magnetic resonance	T070	C0028580
27892411	398	410	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
27892411	415	433	biochemical assays	T059	C0005507
27892411	459	470	circulating	T169	C0175630
27892411	471	480	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27892411	481	489	measures	T080	C0444706
27892411	499	506	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27892411	512	519	Finland	T083	C0016132
27892411	528	530	UK	T083	C0041700
27892411	561	572	individuals	T098	C0237401
27892411	579	582	age	T032	C0001779
27892411	586	591	years	T079	C0439234
27892411	607	616	Metabolic	T169	C0311400
27892411	617	634	associations with	T080	C0332281
27892411	635	646	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27892411	652	660	assessed	T052	C1516048
27892411	664	681	linear regression	T081	C0023733
27892411	702	705	sex	T032	C1522384
27892411	707	722	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27892411	727	730	age	T032	C0001779
27892411	734	748	blood sampling	T060	C0190979
27892411	754	763	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27892411	764	781	associations with	T080	C0332281
27892411	782	793	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27892411	831	848	associations with	T080	C0332281
27892411	849	854	adult	T100	C0001675
27892411	855	870	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27892411	872	875	BMI	T201	C1305855
27892411	878	895	Lower birthweight	T033	C0024032
27892411	909	924	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27892411	939	954	associated with	T080	C0332281
27892411	955	970	cardiometabolic	T169	C0311400
27892411	971	981	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27892411	993	1004	lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023820
27892411	1005	1015	subclasses	T185	C0445604
27892411	1017	1028	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
27892411	1030	1041	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27892411	1046	1053	markers	T201	C0005516
27892411	1057	1069	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27892411	1074	1097	impaired liver function	T046	C0086565
27892411	1117	1125	measures	T080	C0444706
27892411	1164	1171	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27892411	1187	1191	ages	T032	C0001779
27892411	1195	1214	metabolic profiling	T039	C3853758
27892411	1224	1234	magnitudes	T081	C1704240
27892411	1240	1244	weak	T080	C1762617
27892411	1261	1270	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27892411	1271	1281	deviations	T082	C0012727
27892411	1282	1297	associated with	T080	C0332281
27892411	1298	1315	lower birthweight	T033	C0024032
27892411	1330	1349	metabolic signature	T039	C3853758
27892411	1353	1359	higher	T080	C0205250
27892411	1360	1365	adult	T100	C0001675
27892411	1366	1369	BMI	T201	C1305855
27892411	1384	1392	assessed	T052	C1516048
27892411	1417	1436	metabolic profiling	T039	C3853758
27892411	1474	1491	lower birthweight	T033	C0024032
27892411	1495	1510	associated with	T080	C0332281
27892411	1519	1528	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27892411	1544	1553	caused by	T169	C0015127
27892411	1565	1571	higher	T080	C0205250
27892411	1572	1575	BMI	T201	C1305855
27892411	1576	1588	in adulthood	T079	C2945655
27892411	1590	1607	Lower birthweight	T033	C0024032
27892411	1621	1636	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27892411	1640	1655	associated with	T080	C0332281
27892411	1664	1673	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27892411	1702	1720	metabolic pathways	T169	C1291081
27892411	1722	1730	Coherent	T033	C4068804
27892411	1731	1751	metabolic signatures	T039	C3853758
27892411	1760	1777	lower birthweight	T033	C0024032
27892411	1766	1777	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27892411	1782	1788	higher	T080	C0205250
27892411	1789	1794	adult	T100	C0001675
27892411	1795	1804	adiposity	T032	C1563743
27892411	1825	1843	molecular pathways	T044	C1704259
27892411	1873	1882	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27892411	1883	1893	deviations	T082	C0012727
27892411	1908	1918	magnitudes	T081	C1704240
27892411	1922	1931	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27892411	1932	1949	associations with	T080	C0332281
27892411	1950	1961	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27892411	1994	2004	effects of	T080	C1704420
27892411	2005	2014	adiposity	T032	C1563743
27892411	2030	2041	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27892411	2052	2056	weak	T080	C1762617
27892411	2057	2066	indicator	T169	C1522602
27892411	2074	2096	metabolic risk profile	T039	C3853758
27892411	2097	2109	in adulthood	T079	C2945655

27892522|t|SARS - CoV fusion peptides induce membrane surface ordering and curvature
27892522|a|Viral membrane fusion is an orchestrated process triggered by membrane-anchored viral fusion glycoproteins. The S2 subunit of the spike glycoprotein from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) contains internal domains called fusion peptides (FP) that play essential roles in virus entry. Although membrane fusion has been broadly studied, there are still major gaps in the molecular details of lipid rearrangements in the bilayer during fusion peptide - membrane interactions. Here we employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron spin resonance (ESR) to gather information on the membrane fusion mechanism promoted by two putative SARS FPs. DSC data showed the peptides strongly perturb the structural integrity of anionic vesicles and support the hypothesis that the peptides generate opposing curvature stresses on phosphatidylethanolamine membranes. ESR showed that both FPs increase lipid packing and head group ordering as well as reduce the intramembrane water content for anionic membranes. Therefore, bending moment in the bilayer could be generated, promoting negative curvature. The significance of the ordering effect, membrane dehydration, changes in the curvature properties and the possible role of negatively charged phospholipids in helping to overcome the high kinetic barrier involved in the different stages of the SARS - CoV -mediated membrane fusion are discussed.
27892522	0	4	SARS	T047	C1175175
27892522	7	10	CoV	T005	C0010076
27892522	18	26	peptides	T116	C0030956
27892522	34	42	membrane	T026	C0596901
27892522	43	50	surface	T082	C0205148
27892522	51	59	ordering	T082	C1254362
27892522	64	73	curvature	T082	C1254362
27892522	74	95	Viral membrane fusion	T038	C1721020
27892522	136	153	membrane-anchored	T026	C1622010
27892522	154	180	viral fusion glycoproteins	T116,T123	C0042716
27892522	186	188	S2	T116,T123	C3658241
27892522	189	196	subunit	T116	C0599220
27892522	204	222	spike glycoprotein	T116,T123	C3658241
27892522	228	261	severe acute respiratory syndrome	T047	C1175175
27892522	263	267	SARS	T047	C1175175
27892522	269	280	coronavirus	T005	C0010076
27892522	282	285	CoV	T005	C0010076
27892522	296	312	internal domains	T087	C1514562
27892522	320	335	fusion peptides	T116	C0030956
27892522	337	339	FP	T116	C0030956
27892522	370	381	virus entry	T038	C1537068
27892522	392	407	membrane fusion	T044	C0025246
27892522	425	432	studied	T062	C2603343
27892522	468	477	molecular	T080	C1521991
27892522	489	494	lipid	T109	C0023779
27892522	495	509	rearrangements	T067	C0596965
27892522	517	524	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27892522	532	546	fusion peptide	T116	C0030956
27892522	549	557	membrane	T026	C0596901
27892522	558	570	interactions	T169	C1704675
27892522	589	622	differential scanning calorimetry	T059	C0006780
27892522	624	627	DSC	T059	C0006780
27892522	633	656	electron spin resonance	T059	C0013845
27892522	658	661	ESR	T059	C0013845
27892522	692	707	membrane fusion	T044	C0025246
27892522	708	717	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27892522	718	726	promoted	T052	C0033414
27892522	743	747	SARS	T047	C1175175
27892522	748	751	FPs	T116	C0030956
27892522	753	756	DSC	T059	C0006780
27892522	757	761	data	T078	C1511726
27892522	773	781	peptides	T116	C0030956
27892522	803	813	structural	T082	C0678594
27892522	814	823	integrity	T080	C0205266
27892522	827	843	anionic vesicles	T026	C1622418
27892522	860	870	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27892522	880	888	peptides	T116	C0030956
27892522	907	916	curvature	T082	C1254362
27892522	929	953	phosphatidylethanolamine	T109,T123	C0031618
27892522	954	963	membranes	T026	C0596901
27892522	965	968	ESR	T059	C0013845
27892522	986	989	FPs	T116	C0030956
27892522	999	1004	lipid	T109	C0023779
27892522	1005	1012	packing	T052	C2828395
27892522	1028	1036	ordering	T082	C1254362
27892522	1059	1072	intramembrane	T026	C0596901
27892522	1073	1086	water content	T081	C0392762
27892522	1091	1108	anionic membranes	T026	C0596901
27892522	1143	1150	bilayer	T026	C0023768
27892522	1190	1199	curvature	T082	C1254362
27892522	1205	1217	significance	T078	C0750502
27892522	1225	1240	ordering effect	T080	C1280500
27892522	1242	1250	membrane	T026	C0596901
27892522	1251	1262	dehydration	T033	C1963090
27892522	1279	1288	curvature	T082	C1254362
27892522	1344	1357	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27892522	1446	1450	SARS	T047	C1175175
27892522	1453	1456	CoV	T005	C0010076
27892522	1467	1482	membrane fusion	T044	C0025246

27892857|t|Genotyping of German and Austrian Taylorella equigenitalis isolates using repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) PCR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)
27892857|a|A total of 124 Taylorella (T.) equigenitalis and five T. asinigenitalis field isolates collected between 2002 and 2014 were available for genotyping using REP- (repetitive extragenic palindromic) PCR and PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis). The study comprised 79 T. equigenitalis field isolates originating from ten defined breeds of German horses and revealed a spectrum of five REP (rep-E1-E4, rep-E3a) and 15 PFGE (TE-A1-A9, TE-B1-B3, TE-C, TE-E1, and TE-E2) genotypes. T. equigenitalis field isolates (n=40) obtained from Austrian Lipizzaner horses were differentiated into three REP (rep-E1, rep-E3a, and rep-E4) and three PFGE genotypes (TE-A2, TE-A5, and TE-D); those isolated from four Austrian Trotters belonged to the REP / PFGE genotype rep-E2/TE-A1. Interestingly, a T. equigenitalis isolate recovered from a Holsteiner stallion living in South Africa revealed the REP / PFGE genotype rep-E1/TE-A5 which was otherwise exclusively present in the majority of Austrian Lipizzaner horses in our study. The type strain included in this study revealed the genotype REP / PFGE rep-E1/TE-F. Six strains of T. asinigenitalis including the type strain were separated into three REP (rep-A1-A3) and six PFGE genotypes (TA-A1, TA-A2, TA-A3, TA-B, TA-C, TA-D). Overall, the generated REP and PFGE genotypes showed a good correlation, whereas REP-PCR proved to be a suitable method for molecular epidemiological screening of T. equigenitalis and T. asinigenitalis isolates that should be differentiated in detail by genotyping using PFGE.
27892857	0	10	Genotyping	T059	C1285573
27892857	14	20	German	T098	C1556085
27892857	25	33	Austrian	T098	C0337795
27892857	34	58	Taylorella equigenitalis	T007	C0318205
27892857	59	67	isolates	T123	C1764827
27892857	74	117	repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) PCR	T063	C0032520
27892857	122	154	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis	T059	C0085117
27892857	156	160	PFGE	T059	C0085117
27892857	164	169	total	T080	C0439810
27892857	177	206	Taylorella (T.) equigenitalis	T007	C0318205
27892857	216	233	T. asinigenitalis	T007	C1036797
27892857	234	239	field	T077	C1521738
27892857	240	248	isolates	T123	C1764827
27892857	249	258	collected	T169	C1516698
27892857	286	295	available	T169	C0470187
27892857	300	310	genotyping	T059	C1285573
27892857	317	361	REP- (repetitive extragenic palindromic) PCR	T063	C0032520
27892857	366	370	PFGE	T059	C0085117
27892857	372	404	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis	T059	C0085117
27892857	411	416	study	T062	C2603343
27892857	430	446	T. equigenitalis	T007	C0318205
27892857	447	452	field	T077	C1521738
27892857	453	461	isolates	T123	C1764827
27892857	491	497	breeds	T040	C0006159
27892857	501	514	German horses	T015	C0019944
27892857	519	527	revealed	T080	C0443289
27892857	530	538	spectrum	T077	C2827424
27892857	547	550	REP	T086	C0004793
27892857	552	561	rep-E1-E4	T032	C0017431
27892857	563	570	rep-E3a	T032	C0017431
27892857	579	583	PFGE	T059	C0085117
27892857	585	593	TE-A1-A9	T032	C0017431
27892857	595	603	TE-B1-B3	T032	C0017431
27892857	605	609	TE-C	T032	C0017431
27892857	611	616	TE-E1	T032	C0017431
27892857	622	627	TE-E2	T032	C0017431
27892857	629	638	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27892857	640	656	T. equigenitalis	T007	C0318205
27892857	657	662	field	T077	C1521738
27892857	663	671	isolates	T123	C1764827
27892857	679	687	obtained	T169	C1301820
27892857	693	719	Austrian Lipizzaner horses	T015	C0324170
27892857	725	739	differentiated	T080	C0205556
27892857	751	754	REP	T086	C0004793
27892857	756	762	rep-E1	T032	C0017431
27892857	764	771	rep-E3a	T032	C0017431
27892857	777	783	rep-E4	T032	C0017431
27892857	795	799	PFGE	T059	C0085117
27892857	800	809	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27892857	811	816	TE-A2	T032	C0017431
27892857	818	823	TE-A5	T032	C0017431
27892857	829	833	TE-D	T032	C0017431
27892857	842	850	isolated	T169	C0205409
27892857	861	878	Austrian Trotters	T015	C0019944
27892857	895	898	REP	T086	C0004793
27892857	901	905	PFGE	T059	C0085117
27892857	906	914	genotype	T032	C0017431
27892857	915	927	rep-E2/TE-A1	T032	C0017431
27892857	946	962	T. equigenitalis	T007	C0318205
27892857	963	970	isolate	T123	C1764827
27892857	971	985	recovered from	T080	C0521108
27892857	988	1007	Holsteiner stallion	T015	C0019944
27892857	1008	1014	living	T078	C0376558
27892857	1018	1030	South Africa	T083	C0037712
27892857	1031	1039	revealed	T080	C0443289
27892857	1044	1047	REP	T086	C0004793
27892857	1050	1054	PFGE	T059	C0085117
27892857	1055	1063	genotype	T032	C0017431
27892857	1064	1076	rep-E1/TE-A5	T032	C0017431
27892857	1097	1108	exclusively	T078	C1548966
27892857	1109	1116	present	T033	C0150312
27892857	1124	1132	majority	T054	C0680220
27892857	1136	1162	Austrian Lipizzaner horses	T015	C0324170
27892857	1170	1175	study	T062	C2603343
27892857	1186	1192	strain	T001	C1518614
27892857	1210	1215	study	T062	C2603343
27892857	1216	1224	revealed	T080	C0443289
27892857	1229	1237	genotype	T032	C0017431
27892857	1238	1241	REP	T086	C0004793
27892857	1244	1248	PFGE	T059	C0085117
27892857	1249	1260	rep-E1/TE-F	T032	C0017431
27892857	1266	1273	strains	T001	C1518614
27892857	1277	1294	T. asinigenitalis	T007	C1036797
27892857	1314	1320	strain	T001	C1518614
27892857	1326	1335	separated	T080	C0443299
27892857	1347	1350	REP	T086	C0004793
27892857	1352	1361	rep-A1-A3	T032	C0017431
27892857	1371	1375	PFGE	T059	C0085117
27892857	1376	1385	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27892857	1387	1392	TA-A1	T032	C0017431
27892857	1394	1399	TA-A2	T032	C0017431
27892857	1401	1406	TA-A3	T032	C0017431
27892857	1408	1412	TA-B	T032	C0017431
27892857	1414	1418	TA-C	T032	C0017431
27892857	1420	1424	TA-D	T032	C0017431
27892857	1427	1435	Overall,	T080	C1561607
27892857	1440	1449	generated	T052	C3146294
27892857	1450	1453	REP	T086	C0004793
27892857	1458	1462	PFGE	T059	C0085117
27892857	1463	1472	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27892857	1482	1486	good	T080	C0205170
27892857	1487	1498	correlation	T080	C1707520
27892857	1508	1515	REP-PCR	T063	C0032520
27892857	1531	1546	suitable method	T059	C0871511
27892857	1551	1586	molecular epidemiological screening	T059	C1294203
27892857	1590	1606	T. equigenitalis	T007	C0318205
27892857	1611	1628	T. asinigenitalis	T007	C1036797
27892857	1629	1637	isolates	T123	C1764827
27892857	1653	1667	differentiated	T080	C0205556
27892857	1671	1677	detail	T080	C1522508
27892857	1681	1691	genotyping	T059	C1285573
27892857	1698	1702	PFGE	T059	C0085117

27893178|t|Comprehensive genetic characterization of rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors: independent component analysis by tissue microdissection
27893178|a|A rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) is a rare mixed neuronal-glial tumor characterized by biphasic architecture of glial and neurocytic components. The number of reports of genetic analyses of RGNTs is few. Additionally, the genetic background of the unique biphasic pathological characteristics of such mixed neuronal-glial tumors remains unclear. To clarify the genetic background of RGNTs, we performed separate comprehensive genetic analyses of glial and neurocytic components of five RGNTs, by tissue microdissection. Two missense mutations in FGFR1 in both components of two cases, and one mutation in PIK3CA in both components of one case, were detected. In the latter case with PIK3CA mutation, the additional FGFR1 mutation was detected only in the glial component. Moreover, the loss of chromosome 13q in only the neurocytic component was observed in one other case. Their results suggested that RGNTs, which are tumors harboring two divergent differentiations that arose from a single clone, have a diverse genetic background. Although previous studies have suggested that RGNTs and pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) represent the same tumor entity, their results confirm that the genetic background of RGNTs is not identical to that of PA.
27893178	0	13	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27893178	14	21	genetic	T028	C0017337
27893178	22	38	characterization	T052	C1880022
27893178	42	77	rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors	T191	C2363902
27893178	91	100	component	T026	C0243092
27893178	101	109	analysis	T169	C1524024
27893178	113	119	tissue	T024	C0475358
27893178	120	135	microdissection	T059	C0598304
27893178	138	172	rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor	T191	C2363902
27893178	174	178	RGNT	T191	C2363902
27893178	185	189	rare	T080	C0522498
27893178	190	216	mixed neuronal-glial tumor	T191	C0474844
27893178	234	255	biphasic architecture	T033	C1332555
27893178	259	264	glial	T025	C0027836
27893178	269	279	neurocytic	T025	C0027882
27893178	280	290	components	T026	C0243092
27893178	317	333	genetic analyses	T059	C0796344
27893178	337	342	RGNTs	T191	C2363902
27893178	369	387	genetic background	T032	C4042916
27893178	395	401	unique	T080	C1710548
27893178	402	439	biphasic pathological characteristics	T046	C0030660
27893178	448	475	mixed neuronal-glial tumors	T191	C0474844
27893178	484	491	unclear	T033	C3845108
27893178	508	526	genetic background	T032	C4042916
27893178	530	535	RGNTs	T191	C2363902
27893178	559	572	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27893178	573	589	genetic analyses	T059	C0796344
27893178	593	598	glial	T025	C0027836
27893178	603	613	neurocytic	T025	C0027882
27893178	614	624	components	T026	C0243092
27893178	633	638	RGNTs	T191	C2363902
27893178	643	649	tissue	T024	C0475358
27893178	650	665	microdissection	T059	C0598304
27893178	671	689	missense mutations	T045	C0599155
27893178	693	698	FGFR1	T028	C0919509
27893178	707	717	components	T026	C0243092
27893178	740	748	mutation	T045	C0026882
27893178	752	758	PIK3CA	T028	C1335212
27893178	767	777	components	T026	C0243092
27893178	796	804	detected	T033	C0442726
27893178	830	845	PIK3CA mutation	T049	C3272694
27893178	862	867	FGFR1	T028	C0919509
27893178	868	876	mutation	T045	C0026882
27893178	881	889	detected	T033	C0442726
27893178	902	907	glial	T025	C0027836
27893178	908	917	component	T026	C0243092
27893178	933	955	loss of chromosome 13q	T049	C2930913
27893178	968	978	neurocytic	T025	C0027882
27893178	979	988	component	T026	C0243092
27893178	993	1001	observed	T169	C1441672
27893178	1050	1055	RGNTs	T191	C2363902
27893178	1067	1073	tumors	T191	C0027651
27893178	1088	1114	divergent differentiations	T033	C3641779
27893178	1140	1145	clone	T025	C0009013
27893178	1154	1161	diverse	T080	C1880371
27893178	1162	1180	genetic background	T032	C4042916
27893178	1228	1233	RGNTs	T191	C2363902
27893178	1238	1260	pilocytic astrocytomas	T191	C0334583
27893178	1262	1265	PAs	T191	C0334583
27893178	1286	1291	tumor	T191	C0027651
27893178	1292	1298	entity	T071	C1551338
27893178	1314	1321	confirm	T033	C0750484
27893178	1331	1349	genetic background	T032	C4042916
27893178	1353	1358	RGNTs	T191	C2363902
27893178	1366	1375	identical	T080	C0205280
27893178	1387	1389	PA	T191	C0334583

27893864|t|Cost-Effectiveness of the ' One4All ' HIV Linkage Intervention in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
27893864|a|In Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, an estimated 80% of newly-identified antiretroviral therapy (ART)-eligible patients are not engaged in ART. Delayed ART uptake ultimately translates into high rates of HIV morbidity, mortality, and transmission. To enhance HIV testing receipt and subsequent treatment uptake in Guangxi, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) executed a cluster-randomized trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a streamlined HIV testing algorithm (the One4All intervention) in 12 county-level hospitals. To determine the incremental cost-effectiveness of the One4All intervention delivered at county hospitals in Guangxi, China, compared to the current standard of care (SOC). Health System. 1-, 5-and 25-years. We adapted a dynamic, compartmental HIV transmission model to simulate HIV transmission and progression in Guangxi, China and identify the economic impact and health benefits of implementing the One4All intervention in all Guangxi hospitals. The One4All intervention algorithm entails rapid point-of-care HIV screening, CD4 and viral load testing of individuals presenting for HIV screening, with same-day results and linkage to counselling. We populated the model with data from the One4All trial (CTN-0056), China CDC HIV registry and published reports. Model outcomes were HIV incidence, mortality, costs, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the One4All intervention compared to SOC. The One4All testing intervention was more costly than SOC (CNY 2,182 vs. CNY 846), but facilitated earlier ART access, resulting in delayed disease progression and mortality. Over a 25-year time horizon, we estimated that introducing One4All in Guangxi would result in 802 averted HIV cases and 1629 averted deaths at an ICER of CNY 11,678 per QALY gained. Sensitivity analysis revealed that One4All remained cost-effective at even minimal levels of effectiveness. Results were robust to changes to a range of parameters characterizing the HIV epidemic over time. The One4All HIV testing strategy was highly cost-effective by WHO standards, and should be prioritized for widespread implementation in Guangxi, China. Integrating the intervention within a broader combination prevention strategy would enhance the public health response to HIV / AIDS in Guangxi.
27893864	0	18	Cost-Effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27893864	28	35	One4All	T059	C1321876
27893864	38	41	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	50	62	Intervention	T061	C0184661
27893864	66	98	Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region	T083	C0017446
27893864	100	105	China	T083	C0008115
27893864	109	141	Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region	T083	C0017446
27893864	143	148	China	T083	C0008115
27893864	187	209	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
27893864	211	214	ART	T061	C1963724
27893864	225	233	patients	T101	C0030705
27893864	253	256	ART	T061	C1963724
27893864	266	269	ART	T061	C1963724
27893864	318	321	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	322	331	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27893864	333	342	mortality	T081	C0681679
27893864	348	360	transmission	T046	C0242781
27893864	373	376	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	408	417	treatment	T061	C0087111
27893864	428	435	Guangxi	T083	C0017446
27893864	441	490	Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention	T093	C1274109
27893864	492	495	CDC	T093	C1274109
27893864	508	532	cluster-randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034
27893864	547	560	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27893864	565	583	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27893864	601	604	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	605	622	testing algorithm	T169	C1553907
27893864	628	635	One4All	T059	C1321876
27893864	636	648	intervention	T061	C0184661
27893864	669	678	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27893864	709	727	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27893864	735	742	One4All	T059	C1321876
27893864	743	755	intervention	T061	C0184661
27893864	776	785	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27893864	789	796	Guangxi	T083	C0017446
27893864	798	803	China	T083	C0008115
27893864	829	845	standard of care	T061	C2936643
27893864	847	850	SOC	T061	C2936643
27893864	853	866	Health System	T064	C1456613
27893864	878	886	25-years	T079	C0439234
27893864	901	908	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27893864	924	927	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	928	940	transmission	T046	C0242781
27893864	959	962	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	963	975	transmission	T046	C0242781
27893864	980	991	progression	T046	C0242656
27893864	995	1002	Guangxi	T083	C0017446
27893864	1004	1009	China	T083	C0008115
27893864	1027	1042	economic impact	T081	C0681024
27893864	1047	1062	health benefits	T081	C0086387
27893864	1083	1090	One4All	T059	C1321876
27893864	1091	1103	intervention	T061	C0184661
27893864	1111	1118	Guangxi	T083	C0017446
27893864	1119	1128	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
27893864	1134	1141	One4All	T059	C1321876
27893864	1142	1154	intervention	T061	C0184661
27893864	1179	1192	point-of-care	T078	C1547702
27893864	1193	1196	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	1197	1206	screening	T060	C1710031
27893864	1208	1211	CD4	T116,T129,T192	C0003323
27893864	1216	1226	viral load	T059	C1168369
27893864	1238	1249	individuals	T098	C0237401
27893864	1265	1268	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	1269	1278	screening	T060	C1710031
27893864	1317	1328	counselling	T058	C0010210
27893864	1372	1385	One4All trial	T059	C1321876
27893864	1387	1395	CTN-0056	T059	C1321876
27893864	1398	1403	China	T083	C0008115
27893864	1404	1407	CDC	T093	C1274109
27893864	1408	1411	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	1425	1442	published reports	T170	C0684224
27893864	1450	1458	outcomes	T062	C0086750
27893864	1464	1467	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	1468	1477	incidence	T081	C0021149
27893864	1479	1488	mortality	T081	C0681679
27893864	1490	1495	costs	T081	C0010186
27893864	1497	1524	quality-adjusted life years	T079	C0080071
27893864	1526	1531	QALYs	T079	C0080071
27893864	1554	1572	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27893864	1573	1578	ratio	T081	C0456603
27893864	1580	1584	ICER	T081	C0456603
27893864	1593	1613	One4All intervention	T061	C0184661
27893864	1626	1629	SOC	T061	C2936643
27893864	1635	1663	One4All testing intervention	T061	C0184661
27893864	1685	1688	SOC	T061	C2936643
27893864	1690	1693	CNY	T081	C1555423
27893864	1704	1707	CNY	T081	C1555423
27893864	1738	1741	ART	T061	C1963724
27893864	1771	1790	disease progression	T046	C0242656
27893864	1795	1804	mortality	T081	C0681679
27893864	1813	1820	25-year	T079	C0439234
27893864	1865	1872	One4All	T059	C1321876
27893864	1876	1883	Guangxi	T083	C0017446
27893864	1912	1915	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	1939	1945	deaths	T040	C0011065
27893864	1952	1956	ICER	T081	C0456603
27893864	1960	1963	CNY	T081	C1555423
27893864	1975	1979	QALY	T079	C0080071
27893864	1988	1999	Sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27893864	2000	2008	analysis	T062	C0936012
27893864	2023	2030	One4All	T059	C1321876
27893864	2081	2094	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27893864	2171	2174	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	2175	2183	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27893864	2199	2206	One4All	T059	C1321876
27893864	2207	2210	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	2257	2260	WHO	T093	C0043237
27893864	2261	2270	standards	T081	C0034925
27893864	2313	2327	implementation	T052	C1708476
27893864	2331	2338	Guangxi	T083	C0017446
27893864	2340	2345	China	T083	C0008115
27893864	2363	2375	intervention	T061	C0184661
27893864	2405	2424	prevention strategy	T080	C2700409
27893864	2443	2465	public health response	T033	C1704632
27893864	2469	2472	HIV	T047	C0019693
27893864	2475	2479	AIDS	T047	C0001175
27893864	2483	2490	Guangxi	T083	C0017446

27894019|t|Elucidating a chemical defense mechanism of Antarctic sponges: A computational study
27894019|a|In 2000, a novel secondary metabolite (erebusinone, Ereb) was isolated from the Antarctic sea sponge, Isodictya erinacea. The bioactivity of Ereb was investigated, and it was found to inhibit molting when fed to the arthropod species Orchomene plebs. Xanthurenic acid (XA) is a known endogenous molt regulator present in arthropods. Experimental studies have confirmed that XA inhibits molting by binding to either (or both) of two P450 enzymes (CYP315a1 or CYP314a1) that are responsible for the final two hydroxylations in the production of the molt-inducing hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). The lack of crystal structures and biochemical assays for CYP315a1 or CYP314a1, has prevented further experimental exploration of XA and Ereb's molt inhibition mechanisms. Herein, a wide array of computational techniques - homology modeling, molecular dynamics simulations, binding site bioinformatics, flexible receptor-flexible ligand docking, and molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area calculations - have been employed to elucidate the structure-function relationships between the aforementioned P450s and the two described small molecule inhibitors (Ereb and XA). Results indicate that Ereb likely targets CYP315a1 by interacting with a network of aromatic residues in the binding site, while XA may inhibit both CYP315a1 and CYP314a1 because of its aromatic, as well as charged nature.
27894019	23	40	defense mechanism	T040	C1154988
27894019	44	53	Antarctic	T083	C0920736
27894019	54	61	sponges	T204	C0032699
27894019	65	84	computational study	T059	C4297010
27894019	102	122	secondary metabolite	T123	C0870883
27894019	124	135	erebusinone	T123	C0870883
27894019	137	141	Ereb	T123	C0870883
27894019	165	174	Antarctic	T083	C0920736
27894019	175	185	sea sponge	T204	C4102027
27894019	187	205	Isodictya erinacea	T204	C4102027
27894019	211	222	bioactivity	T070	C0005520
27894019	226	230	Ereb	T123	C0870883
27894019	269	276	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27894019	277	284	molting	T040	C0282576
27894019	301	318	arthropod species	T204	C0003903
27894019	319	334	Orchomene plebs	T204	C3780008
27894019	336	352	Xanthurenic acid	T109,T123	C0078610
27894019	354	356	XA	T109,T123	C0078610
27894019	369	379	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27894019	380	394	molt regulator	T077	C1704735
27894019	406	416	arthropods	T204	C0003903
27894019	459	461	XA	T109,T123	C0078610
27894019	462	470	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27894019	471	478	molting	T040	C0282576
27894019	482	489	binding	T044	C1167622
27894019	517	529	P450 enzymes	T116,T126	C0010762
27894019	531	539	CYP315a1	T116,T126	C0010762
27894019	543	551	CYP314a1	T116,T126	C0010762
27894019	592	606	hydroxylations	T070	C0020365
27894019	632	653	molt-inducing hormone	T125	C0019932
27894019	655	673	20-hydroxyecdysone	T109,T125	C0013495
27894019	675	678	20E	T109,T125	C0013495
27894019	693	711	crystal structures	T104	C0444626
27894019	716	734	biochemical assays	T059	C0430027
27894019	739	747	CYP315a1	T116,T126	C0010762
27894019	751	759	CYP314a1	T116,T126	C0010762
27894019	796	807	exploration	T062	C0936012
27894019	811	813	XA	T109,T123	C0078610
27894019	818	824	Ereb's	T123	C0870883
27894019	825	829	molt	T040	C0282576
27894019	830	840	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27894019	841	851	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27894019	877	901	computational techniques	T062	C1516769
27894019	904	921	homology modeling	T063	C1512489
27894019	923	953	molecular dynamics simulations	T066	C2717775
27894019	955	967	binding site	T044	C1149343
27894019	968	982	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
27894019	984	1025	flexible receptor-flexible ligand docking	T044	C1522290
27894019	1063	1093	Born surface area calculations	T170	C0002045
27894019	1132	1164	structure-function relationships	T080	C0038477
27894019	1192	1197	P450s	T116,T126	C0010762
27894019	1235	1245	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27894019	1247	1251	Ereb	T123	C0870883
27894019	1256	1258	XA	T109,T123	C0078610
27894019	1283	1287	Ereb	T123	C0870883
27894019	1303	1311	CYP315a1	T116,T126	C0010762
27894019	1345	1362	aromatic residues	T104	C1254350
27894019	1370	1382	binding site	T044	C1149343
27894019	1390	1392	XA	T109,T123	C0078610
27894019	1410	1418	CYP315a1	T116,T126	C0010762
27894019	1423	1431	CYP314a1	T116,T126	C0010762
27894019	1447	1455	aromatic	T104	C1254350
27894019	1468	1482	charged nature	T196	C0022023

27894020|t|The anatomical mummies of Mombello: detection of cocaine, nicotine, and caffeine in the hair of psychiatric patients of the early 20th century
27894020|a|The Mombello Psychiatric Hospital in Limbiate, near Milan, replaced the old Senavra Hospital as the Psychiatric Hospital for the Province of Milan in the 19th century. During the early 20th century, bodies of several Mombello patients were dissected and preserved by Giuseppe Paravicini, an anatomist who operated within the asylum. The aim of the present study was to examine and memorialize this important assemblage. To this end, we were allowed to sample the head hair of six such preparations for toxicological analysis. By means of high performance liquid chromatography, cocaine and its main metabolite, benzoylecgonine, were detected in two out of six hair samples. The concentrations for cocaine were 0.151 and 0.09ng/mg and for benzoylecgonine 0.103 and 0.147ng/mg, respectively. Given that cocaine was a commonly used medicine, beginning in the mid-19th century and persisting into the 20th century, it is not surprising that some patients may have ingested this drug. In addition to the detection of cocaine, these analyses also provided evidence of nicotine and caffeine intake.
27894020	4	22	anatomical mummies	T015	C0026779
27894020	26	34	Mombello	UnknownType	C0681784
27894020	36	45	detection	T033	C0442726
27894020	49	56	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27894020	58	66	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27894020	72	80	caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27894020	88	92	hair	T023	C0018494
27894020	96	116	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
27894020	147	176	Mombello Psychiatric Hospital	T073,T093	C0020021
27894020	180	188	Limbiate	UnknownType	C0681784
27894020	195	200	Milan	UnknownType	C0681784
27894020	219	235	Senavra Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27894020	243	263	Psychiatric Hospital	T073,T093	C0020021
27894020	272	289	Province of Milan	UnknownType	C0681784
27894020	342	348	bodies	T016	C0242821
27894020	360	377	Mombello patients	T101	C0748064
27894020	383	392	dissected	T169	C0205239
27894020	397	406	preserved	T059	C0033085
27894020	410	429	Giuseppe Paravicini	T016	C0086418
27894020	434	443	anatomist	T097	C0334865
27894020	468	474	asylum	T073,T093	C0870166
27894020	480	483	aim	T078	C1947946
27894020	499	504	study	T062	C0008972
27894020	551	561	assemblage	T062	C0010995
27894020	595	601	sample	T077	C2347026
27894020	606	615	head hair	T023	C1261040
27894020	628	640	preparations	T052	C1521827
27894020	645	658	toxicological	T169	C0205472
27894020	659	667	analysis	T062	C0936012
27894020	681	719	high performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562
27894020	721	728	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27894020	742	752	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27894020	754	769	benzoylecgonine	T109,T121	C0053258
27894020	776	784	detected	T033	C0442726
27894020	803	815	hair samples	T077	C2347026
27894020	821	835	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27894020	840	847	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27894020	881	896	benzoylecgonine	T109,T121	C0053258
27894020	944	951	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27894020	972	980	medicine	T121	C0013227
27894020	1085	1093	patients	T073,T093	C0020021
27894020	1103	1111	ingested	T038	C0232478
27894020	1117	1121	drug	T121	C0013227
27894020	1142	1151	detection	T033	C0442726
27894020	1155	1162	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
27894020	1170	1178	analyses	T062	C0936012
27894020	1205	1213	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
27894020	1218	1226	caffeine	T109,T121	C0006644
27894020	1227	1233	intake	T169	C1512806

27894149|t|2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside Attenuates Ischemia / Reperfusion-Induced Brain Injury in Rats by Promoting Angiogenesis
27894149|a|cerebral ischemia can cause brain infarcts, which are difficult to recover due to poor angiogenesis. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside is a natural polyphenol, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and can protect from ischemic neuronal injury. However, little is known about the effect of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside on brain microcirculation after stroke. This study aimed at investigating the influence of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside on brain lesions and angiogenesis after stroke. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion and treated with vehicle, nimodipine, or different doses of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside daily beginning at 6 h post-middle cerebral artery occlusion for 14 days. The volume of cerebral infarcts, degree of neurological dysfunction, and level of microvessel density were determined longitudinally. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 1, and angiopoietin receptor-2 expression in the brain lesions were characterized by immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays at 14 days post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found that 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside significantly promoted postoperative recovery in rats by minimizing the volume of cerebral infarcts and improving neurological dysfunction in a dose - and time-dependent manner. Additionally, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside significantly increased the microvessel density in the brain and upregulated CD31 expression in ischemic penumbra, relative to that in the control. Finally, treatment with 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside significantly upregulated the relative levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 1, and angiopoietin receptor-2 expression in the brain lesions of rats. Therefore, these data indicated that 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside treatment promoted angiogenesis and recovery from ischemia/reperfusion -induced brain injury in rats.
27894149	0	47	2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-Glucoside	T109,T121	C0964606
27894149	48	58	Attenuates	T052	C0599946
27894149	59	67	Ischemia	T046	C0022116
27894149	70	89	Reperfusion-Induced	T037	C0035126
27894149	90	102	Brain Injury	T037	C0270611
27894149	106	110	Rats	T015	C0034721
27894149	114	123	Promoting	T052	C0033414
27894149	124	136	Angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27894149	137	154	cerebral ischemia	T047	C0917798
27894149	165	179	brain infarcts	T047	C0521542
27894149	219	236	poor angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27894149	238	285	2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside	T109,T121	C0964606
27894149	291	309	natural polyphenol	T109,T121	C0071649
27894149	315	326	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27894149	331	348	anti-inflammatory	T121	C0003209
27894149	349	357	activity	T052	C0441655
27894149	380	388	ischemic	T046	C0022116
27894149	389	404	neuronal injury	T037	C0161479
27894149	441	447	effect	T080	C1280500
27894149	451	498	2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside	T109,T121	C0964606
27894149	502	507	brain	T023	C0006104
27894149	508	524	microcirculation	T042	C0025962
27894149	531	537	stroke	T047	C0038454
27894149	544	549	study	T062	C2603343
27894149	559	572	investigating	T169	C1292732
27894149	590	637	2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside	T109,T121	C0964606
27894149	641	654	brain lesions	T047	C0221505
27894149	659	671	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27894149	678	684	stroke	T047	C0038454
27894149	686	705	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
27894149	724	762	right middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
27894149	767	779	treated with	T061	C0332293
27894149	789	799	nimodipine	T109,T121	C0028094
27894149	814	819	doses	T081	C0178602
27894149	823	870	2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside	T109,T121	C0964606
27894149	894	931	post-middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
27894149	959	976	cerebral infarcts	T047	C0007785
27894149	988	1012	neurological dysfunction	T033	C1709219
27894149	1027	1038	microvessel	T023	C2350570
27894149	1039	1046	density	T081	C0178587
27894149	1093	1127	vascular endothelial growth factor	T116,T123	C1256770
27894149	1129	1172	angiopoietin 1, and angiopoietin receptor-2	T116,T192	C3853567
27894149	1173	1183	expression	T045	C0597360
27894149	1191	1204	brain lesions	T047	C0221505
27894149	1210	1223	characterized	T052	C1880022
27894149	1227	1247	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27894149	1252	1271	Western blot assays	T059	C0949466
27894149	1283	1320	post-middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
27894149	1336	1383	2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside	T109,T121	C0964606
27894149	1398	1406	promoted	T052	C0033414
27894149	1407	1429	postoperative recovery	T033	C4304804
27894149	1433	1437	rats	T015	C0034721
27894149	1466	1483	cerebral infarcts	T047	C0007785
27894149	1498	1522	neurological dysfunction	T033	C1709219
27894149	1528	1532	dose	T081	C0178602
27894149	1576	1623	2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside	T109,T121	C0964606
27894149	1624	1647	significantly increased	T081	C4055637
27894149	1652	1663	microvessel	T023	C2350570
27894149	1664	1671	density	T081	C0178587
27894149	1679	1684	brain	T023	C0006104
27894149	1689	1700	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27894149	1701	1705	CD31	T116,T129	C0081939
27894149	1706	1716	expression	T045	C1171362
27894149	1720	1728	ischemic	T046	C0022116
27894149	1729	1737	penumbra	T082	C1254362
27894149	1781	1795	treatment with	T061	C0332293
27894149	1796	1843	2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside	T109,T121	C0964606
27894149	1858	1869	upregulated	T044	C0041904
27894149	1893	1927	vascular endothelial growth factor	T116,T123	C1256770
27894149	1929	1972	angiopoietin 1, and angiopoietin receptor-2	T116,T192	C3853567
27894149	1973	1983	expression	T045	C0597360
27894149	1991	2004	brain lesions	T047	C0221505
27894149	2008	2012	rats	T015	C0034721
27894149	2031	2035	data	T078	C1511726
27894149	2036	2045	indicated	T033	C1444656
27894149	2051	2098	2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside	T109,T121	C0964606
27894149	2099	2108	treatment	T061	C0332293
27894149	2109	2117	promoted	T052	C0033414
27894149	2118	2130	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27894149	2149	2169	ischemia/reperfusion	T037	C0035126
27894149	2179	2191	brain injury	T037	C0270611
27894149	2195	2199	rats	T015	C0034721

27894158|t|Craving behavioral intervention for internet gaming disorder: remediation of functional connectivity of the ventral striatum
27894158|a|Psychobehavioral intervention is an effective treatment of Internet addiction, including Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the neural mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. Cortical - ventral striatum (VS) circuitry is a common target of psychobehavioral interventions in drug addiction, and cortical - VS dysfunction has been reported in IGD; hence, the primary aim of the study was to investigate how the VS circuitry responds to psychobehavioral interventions in IGD. In a cross-sectional study, we examined resting-state functional connectivity of the VS in 74 IGD subjects (IGDs) and 41 healthy controls (HCs). In a follow-up craving behavioral intervention (CBI) study, of the 74 IGD subjects, 20 IGD subjects received CBI (CBI+) and 16 IGD subjects did not (CBI-). All participants were scanned twice with similar time interval to assess the effects of CBI. IGD subjects showed greater resting-state functional connectivity of the VS to left inferior parietal lobule (lIPL), right inferior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus, in positive association with the severity of IGD. Moreover, compared with CBI-, CBI+ showed significantly greater decrease in VS - lIPL connectivity, along with amelioration in addiction severity following the intervention. These findings demonstrated that functional connectivity between VS and lIPL, each presumably mediating gaming craving and attentional bias, may be a potential biomarker of the efficacy of psychobehavioral intervention. These results also suggested that non-invasive techniques such as transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation targeting the VS - lIPL circuitry may be used in the treatment of Internet gaming disorders.
27894158	0	7	Craving	T055	C0870371
27894158	8	31	behavioral intervention	T061	C0004933
27894158	36	60	internet gaming disorder	T048	C0004930
27894158	62	73	remediation	T061	C4277695
27894158	77	87	functional	T169	C0205245
27894158	88	100	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27894158	108	124	ventral striatum	T023	C0750950
27894158	125	154	Psychobehavioral intervention	T061	C0004933
27894158	171	180	treatment	T061	C0087111
27894158	184	192	Internet	T073	C0282111
27894158	193	202	addiction	T048	C0085281
27894158	214	238	Internet gaming disorder	T048	C0004930
27894158	240	243	IGD	T048	C0004930
27894158	259	265	neural	T169	C3714606
27894158	266	276	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27894158	292	300	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27894158	317	325	Cortical	T029	C0005898
27894158	328	344	ventral striatum	T023	C0750950
27894158	346	348	VS	T023	C0750950
27894158	350	359	circuitry	UnknownType	C0260041
27894158	365	371	common	T081	C0205214
27894158	372	378	target	T169	C1521840
27894158	382	412	psychobehavioral interventions	T061	C0004933
27894158	416	430	drug addiction	T048	C1510472
27894158	436	444	cortical	T029	C0005898
27894158	447	449	VS	T023	C0750950
27894158	450	461	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27894158	483	486	IGD	T048	C0004930
27894158	518	523	study	T062	C2603343
27894158	551	553	VS	T023	C0750950
27894158	554	563	circuitry	UnknownType	C0260041
27894158	576	606	psychobehavioral interventions	T061	C0004933
27894158	610	613	IGD	T048	C0004930
27894158	620	641	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27894158	655	668	resting-state	T033	C0679218
27894158	669	679	functional	T169	C0205245
27894158	680	692	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27894158	700	702	VS	T023	C0750950
27894158	709	712	IGD	T048	C0004930
27894158	713	721	subjects	T098	C0080105
27894158	723	727	IGDs	T048	C0004930
27894158	736	752	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27894158	754	757	HCs	T080	C2986479
27894158	765	774	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27894158	775	806	craving behavioral intervention	T061	C0004933
27894158	808	811	CBI	T061	C0004933
27894158	813	818	study	T062	C2603343
27894158	830	833	IGD	T048	C0004930
27894158	834	842	subjects	T098	C0080105
27894158	847	850	IGD	T048	C0004930
27894158	851	859	subjects	T098	C0080105
27894158	860	868	received	T080	C1514756
27894158	869	872	CBI	T061	C0004933
27894158	874	878	CBI+	T078	C0441833
27894158	887	890	IGD	T048	C0004930
27894158	891	899	subjects	T098	C0080105
27894158	909	913	CBI-	T078	C0441833
27894158	920	932	participants	T098	C0679646
27894158	938	945	scanned	T060	C0441633
27894158	965	978	time interval	T079	C0872291
27894158	982	988	assess	T058	C0184514
27894158	993	1003	effects of	T080	C1704420
27894158	1004	1007	CBI	T061	C0004933
27894158	1009	1012	IGD	T048	C0004930
27894158	1013	1021	subjects	T098	C0080105
27894158	1029	1036	greater	T081	C1704243
27894158	1037	1050	resting-state	T033	C0679218
27894158	1051	1061	functional	T169	C0205245
27894158	1062	1074	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27894158	1082	1084	VS	T023	C0750950
27894158	1088	1117	left inferior parietal lobule	T023	C2323393
27894158	1119	1123	lIPL	T023	C2323393
27894158	1126	1154	right inferior frontal gyrus	T023	C2338392
27894158	1159	1184	left middle frontal gyrus	T023	C2338540
27894158	1189	1197	positive	T033	C1446409
27894158	1198	1209	association	T080	C0439849
27894158	1219	1227	severity	T080	C0439793
27894158	1231	1234	IGD	T048	C0004930
27894158	1246	1254	compared	T052	C1707455
27894158	1260	1264	CBI-	T078	C0441833
27894158	1266	1270	CBI+	T078	C0441833
27894158	1278	1299	significantly greater	T081	C4055637
27894158	1300	1308	decrease	T081	C0547047
27894158	1312	1314	VS	T023	C0750950
27894158	1317	1321	lIPL	T023	C2323393
27894158	1322	1334	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27894158	1347	1359	amelioration	T169	C1301676
27894158	1363	1372	addiction	T048	C0085281
27894158	1373	1381	severity	T080	C0439793
27894158	1396	1408	intervention	T061	C0004933
27894158	1416	1424	findings	T033	C0243095
27894158	1443	1453	functional	T169	C0205245
27894158	1454	1466	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27894158	1475	1477	VS	T023	C0750950
27894158	1482	1486	lIPL	T023	C2323393
27894158	1514	1520	gaming	T073	C0042649
27894158	1521	1528	craving	T055	C0870371
27894158	1533	1549	attentional bias	T041	C4277667
27894158	1560	1569	potential	T080	C3245505
27894158	1570	1579	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27894158	1587	1595	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27894158	1599	1628	psychobehavioral intervention	T061	C0004933
27894158	1636	1643	results	T033	C2825142
27894158	1664	1676	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27894158	1677	1687	techniques	T169	C0449851
27894158	1696	1717	transcranial magnetic	T061	C0436548
27894158	1721	1747	direct current stimulation	T061	C3850024
27894158	1762	1764	VS	T023	C0750950
27894158	1767	1771	lIPL	T023	C2323393
27894158	1772	1781	circuitry	UnknownType	C0260041
27894158	1801	1810	treatment	T061	C0087111
27894158	1814	1839	Internet gaming disorders	T048	C0004930

27894902|t|The feasibility of Forward-projected model-based Iterative Reconstruction SoluTion (FIRST) for coronary 320-row computed tomography angiography: A pilot study
27894902|a|We aimed to assess and compare the influence of Forward projected model-based Iterative Reconstruction SoluTion (FIRST), a recently introduced full iterative reconstruction method, on radiation doses and image quality with that of Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction (AIDR) 3D for 320-row cardiac computed tomography (CT). A total of 184 patients subjected to single-beat reconstruction cardiac CT were retrospectively included. The first 89 patients received standard radiation doses; their data were reconstructed using AIDR 3D, whereas the last 95 patients received in average 20% reduction in tube current; their data were reconstructed using FIRST. Subjective image quality (blooming, image sharpness, image noise, and overall subjective image quality) were graded using 3-, 5-, 4-, and 4-point scales (0-2, 1-5, 1-4, and 1-4), respectively; for all items, the highest score indicated excellent image quality. Image noise and signal-to-noise ratios at proximal segments were analyzed as objective measures of image quality. FIRST reconstruction allowed 28% dose reduction compared with AIDR 3D (1.88 vs. 2.61 mSv, p = 0.012) and yielded better subjective image quality in terms of blooming, image sharpness, image noise, and overall image quality (1.10 vs. 1.01, p = 0.0007; 3.02 vs. 2.74, p < 0.0001; 3.61 vs. 3.17, p < 0.0001; and 3.30 vs. 2.98, p < 0.0001, respectively). Although no significant difference was observed in image noise, the signal-to-noise ratio was significantly higher with FIRST (18.4 vs. 16.6, p = 0.0066). FIRST allowed 28% dose reduction while improving image quality.
27894902	19	82	Forward-projected model-based Iterative Reconstruction SoluTion	T060	C2986769
27894902	84	89	FIRST	T060	C2986769
27894902	95	103	coronary	T023	C0018787
27894902	104	143	320-row computed tomography angiography	T060	C1536105
27894902	147	158	pilot study	T062	C0031928
27894902	182	189	compare	T052	C1707455
27894902	194	203	influence	T077	C4054723
27894902	207	270	Forward projected model-based Iterative Reconstruction SoluTion	T060	C2986769
27894902	272	277	FIRST	T060	C2986769
27894902	302	306	full	T080	C0443225
27894902	307	338	iterative reconstruction method	T060	C2986769
27894902	343	358	radiation doses	T081	C0034524
27894902	363	376	image quality	T080	C0806487
27894902	390	433	Adaptive Iterative Dose Reduction (AIDR) 3D	T170	C0002045
27894902	438	473	320-row cardiac computed tomography	T060	C0412618
27894902	475	477	CT	T060	C0412618
27894902	495	503	patients	T101	C0030705
27894902	517	554	single-beat reconstruction cardiac CT	T060	C0412618
27894902	560	575	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27894902	576	584	included	T169	C0332257
27894902	599	607	patients	T101	C0030705
27894902	608	616	received	T080	C1514756
27894902	617	625	standard	T080	C1442989
27894902	626	641	radiation doses	T081	C0034524
27894902	649	653	data	T078	C1511726
27894902	659	672	reconstructed	T169	C3828356
27894902	679	686	AIDR 3D	T170	C0002045
27894902	708	716	patients	T101	C0030705
27894902	717	725	received	T080	C1514756
27894902	741	750	reduction	T080	C0392756
27894902	754	766	tube current	T081	C2349160
27894902	784	797	reconstructed	T169	C3828356
27894902	804	809	FIRST	T060	C2986769
27894902	822	835	image quality	T080	C0806487
27894902	837	845	blooming	T080	C0205556
27894902	847	862	image sharpness	T080	C0205556
27894902	864	875	image noise	T080	C0205556
27894902	881	888	overall	T080	C1561607
27894902	900	913	image quality	T080	C0806487
27894902	920	926	graded	T185	C0441800
27894902	1023	1030	highest	T080	C1522410
27894902	1031	1036	score	T081	C0449820
27894902	1047	1056	excellent	T080	C1961136
27894902	1057	1070	image quality	T080	C0806487
27894902	1072	1083	Image noise	T080	C0205556
27894902	1088	1110	signal-to-noise ratios	T081	C2986823
27894902	1114	1122	proximal	T082	C0205107
27894902	1123	1131	segments	T082	C0441635
27894902	1171	1184	image quality	T080	C0806487
27894902	1186	1206	FIRST reconstruction	T060	C2986769
27894902	1219	1223	dose	T081	C0034524
27894902	1224	1233	reduction	T080	C0392756
27894902	1234	1242	compared	T052	C1707455
27894902	1248	1255	AIDR 3D	T170	C0002045
27894902	1299	1305	better	T080	C0332272
27894902	1317	1330	image quality	T080	C0806487
27894902	1343	1351	blooming	T080	C0205556
27894902	1353	1368	image sharpness	T080	C0205556
27894902	1370	1381	image noise	T080	C0205556
27894902	1387	1394	overall	T080	C1561607
27894902	1395	1408	image quality	T080	C0806487
27894902	1549	1560	significant	T078	C0750502
27894902	1561	1571	difference	T080	C1705242
27894902	1576	1584	observed	T169	C1441672
27894902	1588	1599	image noise	T080	C0205556
27894902	1605	1626	signal-to-noise ratio	T081	C2986823
27894902	1631	1644	significantly	T078	C0750502
27894902	1645	1651	higher	T080	C0205250
27894902	1657	1662	FIRST	T060	C2986769
27894902	1692	1697	FIRST	T060	C2986769
27894902	1710	1714	dose	T081	C0034524
27894902	1715	1724	reduction	T080	C0392756
27894902	1731	1740	improving	T080	C1272745
27894902	1741	1754	image quality	T080	C0806487

27895981|t|Perceived image quality with simulated segmented bifocal corrections
27895981|a|Bifocal contact or intraocular lenses use the principle of simultaneous vision to correct for presbyopia. A modified two-channel simultaneous vision simulator provided with an amplitude transmission spatial light modulator was used to optically simulate 14 segmented bifocal patterns (+ 3 diopters addition) with different far/near pupillary distributions of equal energy. Five subjects with paralyzed accommodation evaluated image quality and subjective preference through the segmented bifocal corrections. There are strong and systematic perceptual differences across the patterns, subjects and observation distances: 48% of the conditions evaluated were significantly preferred or rejected. Optical simulations (in terms of through- focus Strehl ratio from Hartmann-Shack aberrometry) accurately predicted the pattern producing the highest perceived quality in 4 out of 5 patients, both for far and near vision. These perceptual differences found arise primarily from optical grounds, but have an important neural component.
27895981	0	23	Perceived image quality	T080	C0806487
27895981	49	68	bifocal corrections	T058	C2114293
27895981	69	84	Bifocal contact	T074	C1301328
27895981	88	106	intraocular lenses	T074	C0181609
27895981	141	147	vision	T040	C0042789
27895981	151	158	correct	T169	C1947976
27895981	163	173	presbyopia	T047	C0033075
27895981	211	217	vision	T040	C0042789
27895981	218	227	simulator	T074	C0183309
27895981	245	291	amplitude transmission spatial light modulator	T073	C3273359
27895981	304	322	optically simulate	T033	C0243095
27895981	336	352	bifocal patterns	T082	C3540007
27895981	358	366	diopters	T081	C0439484
27895981	401	410	pupillary	T023	C0034121
27895981	434	440	energy	T081	C1442080
27895981	461	484	paralyzed accommodation	T033	C0522224
27895981	495	508	image quality	T080	C0806487
27895981	513	523	subjective	T033	C2266644
27895981	557	576	bifocal corrections	T058	C2114293
27895981	610	632	perceptual differences	T033	C1409299
27895981	644	652	patterns	T082	C0449774
27895981	654	662	subjects	T098	C0080105
27895981	667	688	observation distances	T060	C0855715
27895981	764	783	Optical simulations	T033	C0243095
27895981	806	824	focus Strehl ratio	T080	C0205556
27895981	830	856	Hartmann-Shack aberrometry	T073	C3273359
27895981	883	890	pattern	T082	C0449774
27895981	905	930	highest perceived quality	T080	C0806487
27895981	945	953	patients	T101	C0030705
27895981	964	976	far and near	T082	C1254362
27895981	977	983	vision	T040	C0042789
27895981	991	1013	perceptual differences	T033	C1409299
27895981	1080	1097	neural component.	T026	C0597055

27895988|t|Terahertz identification and quantification of neurotransmitter and neurotrophy mixture
27895988|a|Terahertz spectroscopy has been widely used for investigating the fingerprint spectrum of different substances. For cancerous tissues, the greatest difficulty is the absorption peaks of various substances contained in tissues overlap with each other, which are hard to identify and quantitative analyze. As a result, it is very hard to measure the presence of cancer cell and then to diagnose accurately. In this paper, we select three typical neurotransmitters (γ-aminobutyric acid, L-glutamic acid, dopamine hydrochloride) and two typical metabolites (inositol and creatine) in neurons to measure their terahertz spectra with different mixture ratios. By choosing characteristic absorption peaks, removing baseline and using the least square method, we can identify the components and proportions of each mixture, where the goodness of fit to practical situation is up to 94%. These results provide important evidences for identifying nerve substances and obtaining exact quantitative analysis.
27895988	0	24	Terahertz identification	T059	C2350265
27895988	29	43	quantification	T081	C1709793
27895988	47	63	neurotransmitter	T123	C0027908
27895988	68	87	neurotrophy mixture	T116,T123	C0027754
27895988	88	110	Terahertz spectroscopy	T059	C2350265
27895988	136	149	investigating	T169	C1292732
27895988	154	174	fingerprint spectrum	T059	C0016128
27895988	188	198	substances	T167	C0439861
27895988	204	213	cancerous	T191	C0006826
27895988	214	221	tissues	T024	C0040300
27895988	254	264	absorption	T067	C2825050
27895988	282	292	substances	T167	C0439861
27895988	306	313	tissues	T024	C0040300
27895988	314	321	overlap	T079	C1948020
27895988	370	382	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27895988	383	390	analyze	T062	C0936012
27895988	448	459	cancer cell	T025	C0334227
27895988	472	480	diagnose	T033	C0011900
27895988	481	491	accurately	T080	C0443131
27895988	532	549	neurotransmitters	T123	C0027908
27895988	551	570	γ-aminobutyric acid	T116,T123	C0016904
27895988	572	587	L-glutamic acid	T116,T121,T123	C0061472
27895988	589	611	dopamine hydrochloride	T109,T121,T123	C0282151
27895988	629	640	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27895988	642	650	inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27895988	655	663	creatine	T116,T123	C0010286
27895988	668	675	neurons	T025	C0027882
27895988	693	710	terahertz spectra	T059	C2350265
27895988	726	740	mixture ratios	T081	C0456603
27895988	754	768	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27895988	769	779	absorption	T067	C2825050
27895988	796	804	baseline	T081	C1442488
27895988	819	838	least square method	T081	C0023189
27895988	875	886	proportions	T081	C1709707
27895988	914	929	goodness of fit	T080	C0870608
27895988	1025	1041	nerve substances	T123	C0027908
27895988	1062	1074	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27895988	1075	1083	analysis	T062	C0936012

27896225|t|The Urokinase / Urokinase Receptor System in Mast Cells: Effects of its Functional Interaction with fMLF Receptors
27896225|a|Mast cell and basophils express the high affinity receptor for IgE (FcɛRI) and are primary effector cells of allergic disorders. The urokinase (uPA)-mediated plasminogen activation system is involved in physiological and pathological events based on cell migration and tissue remodelling, such as inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis and metastasis. uPA is a serine protease that binds uPAR, a high affinity glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored receptor. uPAR focuses uPA activity at the cell surface and activates intracellular signaling through lateral interactions with integrins, receptor tyrosine kinases and the G-protein-coupled family of fMLF chemotaxis receptors (FPRs). We investigated the expression of the uPA - uPAR system and its functional interaction with FPRs in human mast cells (MCs). Differently from basophils, MCs produced uPA that was able to induce their chemotaxis. Indeed, MCs also expressed uPAR, both in the intact and in a cleaved form (DII-DIII-uPAR) that can expose, at the N-terminus, the SRSRY sequence, able to interact with FPRs and to mediate cell chemotaxis. MCs also expressed mRNAs for FPRs that were functionally active; indeed, uPA and a soluble peptide (uPAR84-95), containing the SRSRY chemotactic sequence of uPAR and able to interact with FPRs, were able to induce MCs chemotaxis. Thus, uPA is a potent chemoattractant for MCs acting through the exposure of the chemotactic epitope of uPAR, that is an endogenous ligand for FPRs. The same mechanism could be involved in VEGF-A secretion by human MCs, also induced by uPA and uPAR84-95 stimulation.
27896225	4	13	Urokinase	T116,T121,T126	C0042071
27896225	16	34	Urokinase Receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0071216
27896225	45	55	Mast Cells	T025	C0024880
27896225	57	64	Effects	T080	C1280500
27896225	72	82	Functional	T169	C0205245
27896225	83	94	Interaction	T169	C1704675
27896225	100	114	fMLF Receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27896225	115	124	Mast cell	T025	C0024880
27896225	129	138	basophils	T025	C0004827
27896225	139	146	express	T045	C0597360
27896225	151	173	high affinity receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27896225	178	181	IgE	T116,T129	C0020846
27896225	183	188	FcɛRI	T116,T129	C0020846
27896225	198	220	primary effector cells	T025	C0312740
27896225	224	242	allergic disorders	T046	C0020517
27896225	248	257	urokinase	T116,T121,T126	C0042071
27896225	259	262	uPA	T116,T121,T126	C0042071
27896225	273	302	plasminogen activation system	T044	C1622667
27896225	318	331	physiological	T039	C0031845
27896225	336	355	pathological events	T046	C0030660
27896225	365	379	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27896225	384	402	tissue remodelling	T042	C1254358
27896225	412	424	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27896225	426	439	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27896225	441	453	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27896225	458	468	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27896225	470	473	uPA	T116,T121,T126	C0042071
27896225	479	494	serine protease	T116,T126	C2717971
27896225	506	510	uPAR	T116,T129,T192	C0071216
27896225	514	573	high affinity glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI)-anchored	T109,T123	C0119748
27896225	574	582	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27896225	584	588	uPAR	T116,T129,T192	C0071216
27896225	597	600	uPA	T116,T121,T126	C0042071
27896225	601	609	activity	T044	C0243102
27896225	617	629	cell surface	T026	C0699040
27896225	634	667	activates intracellular signaling	T044	C3822614
27896225	684	696	interactions	T169	C1704675
27896225	702	711	integrins	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27896225	713	738	receptor tyrosine kinases	T116,T126,T192	C0206364
27896225	747	771	G-protein-coupled family	T116,T126	C0872043
27896225	775	800	fMLF chemotaxis receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27896225	802	806	FPRs	T116,T192	C0597357
27896225	812	824	investigated	T169	C1292732
27896225	829	839	expression	T045	C1171362
27896225	847	850	uPA	T116,T121,T126	C0042071
27896225	853	857	uPAR	T116,T129,T192	C0071216
27896225	873	883	functional	T169	C0205245
27896225	884	895	interaction	T169	C1704675
27896225	901	905	FPRs	T116,T192	C0597357
27896225	909	914	human	T016	C0086418
27896225	915	925	mast cells	T025	C0024880
27896225	927	930	MCs	T025	C0024880
27896225	950	959	basophils	T025	C0004827
27896225	961	964	MCs	T025	C0024880
27896225	974	977	uPA	T116,T121,T126	C0042071
27896225	1008	1018	chemotaxis	T043	C0008018
27896225	1028	1031	MCs	T025	C0024880
27896225	1047	1051	uPAR	T116,T129,T192	C0071216
27896225	1095	1108	DII-DIII-uPAR	T116,T129,T192	C0071216
27896225	1150	1164	SRSRY sequence	T087	C0002518
27896225	1188	1192	FPRs	T116,T192	C0597357
27896225	1208	1223	cell chemotaxis	T043	C2610454
27896225	1225	1228	MCs	T025	C0024880
27896225	1244	1249	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
27896225	1254	1258	FPRs	T116,T192	C0597357
27896225	1298	1301	uPA	T116,T121,T126	C0042071
27896225	1308	1323	soluble peptide	T116	C0030956
27896225	1325	1334	uPAR84-95	T116,T129,T192	C0071216
27896225	1352	1378	SRSRY chemotactic sequence	T087	C0002518
27896225	1382	1386	uPAR	T116,T129,T192	C0071216
27896225	1413	1417	FPRs	T116,T192	C0597357
27896225	1439	1442	MCs	T025	C0024880
27896225	1443	1453	chemotaxis	T043	C0008018
27896225	1461	1464	uPA	T116,T121,T126	C0042071
27896225	1477	1492	chemoattractant	T123	C0008013
27896225	1497	1500	MCs	T025	C0024880
27896225	1520	1528	exposure	T080	C0332157
27896225	1536	1547	chemotactic	T043	C0008018
27896225	1548	1555	epitope	T129	C0003316
27896225	1559	1563	uPAR	T116,T129,T192	C0071216
27896225	1576	1586	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27896225	1587	1593	ligand	T103	C0023688
27896225	1598	1602	FPRs	T116,T192	C0597357
27896225	1613	1622	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27896225	1644	1650	VEGF-A	T116,T123	C0078058
27896225	1651	1660	secretion	T038	C0036536
27896225	1664	1669	human	T016	C0086418
27896225	1670	1673	MCs	T025	C0024880
27896225	1680	1687	induced	T169	C0205263
27896225	1691	1694	uPA	T116,T121,T126	C0042071
27896225	1699	1708	uPAR84-95	T116,T129,T192	C0071216
27896225	1709	1721	stimulation.	T044	C1148560

27896576|t|Comparing the bulking effect of calcium hydroxyapatite and Deflux injection into the bladder neck for improvement of urinary incontinence in bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex
27896576|a|The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the endoscopic injection of calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) into the bladder neck (BN) region of patients with urinary incontinence and bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC). We designed a retrospective cohort study in which we retrospectively studied medical charts of female and male patients of BEEC who had undergone CaHA or Deflux injection for continence improvement between 2009 and 2014. Sixteen incontinent patients with a mean ± SD age of 8.09 ± 3.5 years received an endoscopic submucosal injection of 5.4 ml of pure CaHA powder with autologous plasma (group A). Patients in group B (N = 21), control group, with a mean ± SD age of 7.51 ± 2.8 years received Deflux injection (5.1 ml). The mean follow-up after injection was 38 ± 5.2 and 33 ± 4.1 months in groups A and B, respectively. No post-injection complication was detected in none of the patients during the follow-up. Eleven patients (68.75%) in group A became socially dry following 1-2 injections, the degree of incontinence was improved in 4 patients (25%), and there was no change in one patient (6.25%). However, Deflux injection resulted in complete dryness in 14 (66.66%), improvement in the degree of incontinence in 5 (23.81%) and no change in 2 patients (9.52%), leading to no significant difference in continence achievement between CaHA and Deflux groups (p = 0.9). The statistical analysis was not significantly different in terms of bladder capacity (p = 0.7) or Q max (p = 0.8). The preliminary results of this study revealed that CaHA may be applied as an affordable bulking agent in treatment of urinary incontinence in BEEC.
27896576	32	54	calcium hydroxyapatite	T121,T122,T197	C0115137
27896576	59	65	Deflux	T109,T121	C0299556
27896576	66	75	injection	T061	C0021485
27896576	85	97	bladder neck	T023	C0227716
27896576	102	113	improvement	T077	C2986411
27896576	117	137	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
27896576	141	177	bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex	T047	C1838703
27896576	194	199	study	T062	C2603343
27896576	220	228	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27896576	236	256	endoscopic injection	T061	C3522839
27896576	260	282	calcium hydroxyapatite	T121,T122,T197	C0115137
27896576	284	288	CaHA	T121,T122,T197	C0115137
27896576	299	311	bladder neck	T023	C0227716
27896576	313	315	BN	T023	C0227716
27896576	327	335	patients	T101	C0030705
27896576	341	361	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
27896576	366	402	bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex	T047	C1838703
27896576	404	408	BEEC	T047	C1838703
27896576	425	451	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
27896576	464	487	retrospectively studied	T062	C0035363
27896576	488	502	medical charts	UnknownType	C0184826
27896576	506	512	female	T032	C0086287
27896576	517	521	male	T032	C0086582
27896576	522	530	patients	T101	C0030705
27896576	534	538	BEEC	T047	C1838703
27896576	557	561	CaHA	T121,T122,T197	C0115137
27896576	565	571	Deflux	T109,T121	C0299556
27896576	572	581	injection	T061	C0021485
27896576	586	608	continence improvement	T061	C1536613
27896576	640	651	incontinent	T047	C0021167
27896576	652	660	patients	T101	C0030705
27896576	714	745	endoscopic submucosal injection	T061	C3522839
27896576	764	768	CaHA	T121,T122,T197	C0115137
27896576	781	791	autologous	T080	C0439859
27896576	792	798	plasma	T031	C0032105
27896576	810	818	Patients	T101	C0030705
27896576	840	853	control group	T096	C0009932
27896576	905	911	Deflux	T109,T121	C0299556
27896576	912	921	injection	T061	C0021485
27896576	941	950	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27896576	957	966	injection	T061	C0021485
27896576	1036	1063	post-injection complication	T046	C0274425
27896576	1068	1076	detected	T033	C0442726
27896576	1092	1100	patients	T101	C0030705
27896576	1112	1121	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27896576	1130	1138	patients	T101	C0030705
27896576	1175	1178	dry	T080	C1512080
27896576	1193	1203	injections	T061	C0021485
27896576	1219	1231	incontinence	T047	C0021167
27896576	1250	1258	patients	T101	C0030705
27896576	1280	1289	no change	T033	C0442739
27896576	1297	1304	patient	T101	C0030705
27896576	1323	1329	Deflux	T109,T121	C0299556
27896576	1330	1339	injection	T061	C0021485
27896576	1352	1368	complete dryness	T080	C1512080
27896576	1385	1396	improvement	T077	C2986411
27896576	1414	1426	incontinence	T047	C0021167
27896576	1445	1454	no change	T033	C0442739
27896576	1460	1468	patients	T101	C0030705
27896576	1489	1514	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
27896576	1518	1540	continence achievement	T061	C0442964
27896576	1549	1553	CaHA	T121,T122,T197	C0115137
27896576	1558	1564	Deflux	T109,T121	C0299556
27896576	1587	1607	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27896576	1612	1639	not significantly different	T033	C3842396
27896576	1652	1668	bladder capacity	T033	C0429807
27896576	1703	1722	preliminary results	T078	C1548161
27896576	1731	1736	study	T062	C2603343
27896576	1737	1745	revealed	T080	C0443289
27896576	1751	1755	CaHA	T121,T122,T197	C0115137
27896576	1788	1801	bulking agent	T121	C1320234
27896576	1805	1814	treatment	T061	C0087111
27896576	1818	1838	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
27896576	1842	1846	BEEC	T047	C1838703

27896578|t|Is there evidence for a close connection between side of intravesical tumor location and ipsilateral lymphatic spread in lymph node-positive bladder cancer patients at radical cystectomy? Results of the PROMETRICS 2011 database
27896578|a|To evaluate the possible association between bladder tumor location and the laterality of positive lymph nodes (LN) in a prospectively collected multi-institutional radical cystectomy (RC) series. The study population included 148 node-positive bladder cancer (BC) patients undergoing RC and pelvic lymph node dissection in 2011 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy and without distant metastasis. Tumor location was classified as right, left or bilateral and compared to the laterality of positive pelvic LN. A logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of ipsilaterality of lymphatic spread. Using multivariate Cox regression analyses (median follow-up: 25 months), the effect of the laterality of positive LN on cancer-specific mortality (CSM) was estimated. Overall, median 18.5 LN [interquartile range (IQR), 11-27] were removed and 3 LN (IQR 1-5) were positive. There was concordance of tumor location and laterality of positive LN in 82% [95% confidence interval (CI), 76-89]. Patients with unilateral tumors (n = 78) harbored exclusively ipsilateral positive LN in 67% (95% CI 56-77). No criteria were found to predict ipsilateral positive LN in patients with unilateral tumors. CSM after 3 years in patients with ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral LN metastasis was 41, 67, and 100%, respectively (p = 0.042). However, no significant effect of the laterality of positive pelvic LN on CSM could be confirmed in multivariate analyses. Our prospective cohort showed a concordance of tumor location and laterality of LN metastasis in BC at RC without any predictive criteria and without any influence on CSM. It is debatable, whether these findings may contribute to a more individualized patient management.
27896578	9	17	evidence	T078	C3887511
27896578	30	40	connection	T080	C0439849
27896578	57	75	intravesical tumor	T191	C0005684
27896578	76	84	location	T029	C1515974
27896578	89	100	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27896578	101	110	lymphatic	T022	C0024235
27896578	111	117	spread	T033	C1334939
27896578	121	140	lymph node-positive	T033	C0746319
27896578	141	155	bladder cancer	T191	C0005684
27896578	156	164	patients	T101	C0030705
27896578	168	186	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
27896578	188	195	Results	T169	C1274040
27896578	203	227	PROMETRICS 2011 database	T170	C0242356
27896578	253	264	association	T080	C0439849
27896578	273	286	bladder tumor	T191	C0005684
27896578	287	295	location	T029	C1515974
27896578	304	314	laterality	T032	C1720777
27896578	318	343	positive lymph nodes (LN)	T033	C0746319
27896578	373	392	multi-institutional	T093	C0026738
27896578	393	411	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
27896578	413	415	RC	T061	C0194401
27896578	429	445	study population	T098	C2348561
27896578	459	472	node-positive	T033	C0746319
27896578	473	487	bladder cancer	T191	C0005684
27896578	489	491	BC	T191	C0005684
27896578	493	501	patients	T101	C0030705
27896578	513	515	RC	T061	C0194401
27896578	520	548	pelvic lymph node dissection	T061	C0398429
27896578	565	589	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
27896578	594	620	without distant metastasis	T033	C0243095
27896578	622	627	Tumor	T191	C0005684
27896578	628	636	location	T029	C1515974
27896578	655	660	right	T082	C0205090
27896578	662	666	left	T082	C0205091
27896578	670	679	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27896578	684	692	compared	T052	C1707455
27896578	700	710	laterality	T032	C1720777
27896578	714	732	positive pelvic LN	T033	C0746319
27896578	736	761	logistic regression model	UnknownType	C0681925
27896578	783	793	predictors	T078	C2698872
27896578	797	811	ipsilaterality	T082	C0441989
27896578	815	824	lymphatic	T022	C0024235
27896578	825	831	spread	T033	C1334939
27896578	839	875	multivariate Cox regression analyses	T170	C0034980
27896578	884	893	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27896578	898	904	months	T079	C0439231
27896578	911	917	effect	T080	C1280500
27896578	925	935	laterality	T032	C1720777
27896578	939	950	positive LN	T033	C0746319
27896578	954	979	cancer-specific mortality	T081	C0205848
27896578	981	984	CSM	T081	C0205848
27896578	1022	1024	LN	T023	C0024204
27896578	1026	1045	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27896578	1047	1050	IQR	T081	C1711350
27896578	1079	1081	LN	T023	C0024204
27896578	1083	1086	IQR	T081	C1711350
27896578	1097	1105	positive	T033	C1446409
27896578	1132	1137	tumor	T191	C0005684
27896578	1138	1146	location	T029	C1515974
27896578	1151	1161	laterality	T032	C1720777
27896578	1165	1176	positive LN	T033	C0746319
27896578	1189	1208	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27896578	1210	1212	CI	T081	C0009667
27896578	1223	1231	Patients	T101	C0030705
27896578	1237	1247	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27896578	1248	1254	tumors	T191	C0005684
27896578	1285	1296	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27896578	1297	1308	positive LN	T033	C0746319
27896578	1321	1323	CI	T081	C0009667
27896578	1335	1343	criteria	T078	C0243161
27896578	1366	1377	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27896578	1378	1389	positive LN	T033	C0746319
27896578	1393	1401	patients	T101	C0030705
27896578	1407	1417	unilateral	T082	C0205092
27896578	1418	1424	tumors	T191	C0005684
27896578	1426	1429	CSM	T081	C0205848
27896578	1438	1443	years	T079	C0439234
27896578	1447	1455	patients	T101	C0030705
27896578	1461	1472	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27896578	1493	1502	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27896578	1503	1505	LN	T023	C0024204
27896578	1506	1516	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27896578	1589	1595	effect	T080	C1280500
27896578	1603	1613	laterality	T032	C1720777
27896578	1617	1635	positive pelvic LN	T033	C0746319
27896578	1639	1642	CSM	T081	C0205848
27896578	1665	1686	multivariate analyses	T170	C0034980
27896578	1692	1710	prospective cohort	T062	C1709709
27896578	1735	1740	tumor	T191	C0005684
27896578	1741	1749	location	T029	C1515974
27896578	1754	1764	laterality	T032	C1720777
27896578	1768	1770	LN	T023	C0024204
27896578	1771	1781	metastasis	T191	C0027627
27896578	1785	1787	BC	T191	C0005684
27896578	1791	1793	RC	T061	C0194401
27896578	1806	1816	predictive	T080	C0681890
27896578	1817	1825	criteria	T078	C0243161
27896578	1842	1851	influence	T077	C4054723
27896578	1855	1858	CSM	T081	C0205848
27896578	1891	1899	findings	T033	C0243095
27896578	1925	1939	individualized	T080	C1881197
27896578	1940	1958	patient management	T058	C1610129

27896781|t|Multiplex Biomarker Approaches to Enable Point-of-Care Testing and Personalized Medicine
27896781|a|This chapter describes how current and future innovations driven by application of multiplex biomarker techniques can help in earlier and more efficacious treatment of patients, suffering from the world's most devastating and costly diseases. The application of new miniaturized biosensors and transducers will enable point-of-care testing by facilitating analysis of a single drop of a blood within the time span of a visit to the doctor's office. It is anticipated that the scoring algorithms used with future tests will incorporate both biochemical and clinical data, resulting in specific profiles for each patient or tested subject to enable personalized medicine approaches.
27896781	0	30	Multiplex Biomarker Approaches	T058	C0376583
27896781	34	40	Enable	T041	C1171285
27896781	41	62	Point-of-Care Testing	T058	C1319069
27896781	67	88	Personalized Medicine	T061	C2718059
27896781	94	101	chapter	T078	C1552857
27896781	116	123	current	T079	C0521116
27896781	128	134	future	T079	C0016884
27896781	135	146	innovations	T170	C0683888
27896781	157	168	application	T169	C4048755
27896781	172	202	multiplex biomarker techniques	T058	C0376583
27896781	232	243	efficacious	T080	C1704419
27896781	244	253	treatment	T169	C1522326
27896781	257	265	patients	T101	C0030705
27896781	267	276	suffering	T033	C0231303
27896781	286	293	world's	T098	C2700280
27896781	294	298	most	T081	C0205393
27896781	299	310	devastating	T080	C0205082
27896781	315	321	costly	T169	C0220812
27896781	322	330	diseases	T047	C0012634
27896781	336	347	application	T169	C4048755
27896781	355	367	miniaturized	T080	C1282927
27896781	368	378	biosensors	T075	C0600364
27896781	383	394	transducers	T074	C0040661
27896781	407	428	point-of-care testing	T058	C1319069
27896781	445	453	analysis	T062	C0936012
27896781	459	465	single	T081	C0205171
27896781	466	470	drop	T081	C4048603
27896781	476	481	blood	T031	C0005767
27896781	493	497	time	T079	C0040223
27896781	498	502	span	T077	C1711300
27896781	508	513	visit	T053	C0545082
27896781	521	536	doctor's office	T073,T093	C0031834
27896781	544	555	anticipated	T033	C3840775
27896781	565	572	scoring	T081	C0449820
27896781	573	583	algorithms	T170	C0002045
27896781	594	600	future	T079	C0016884
27896781	601	606	tests	T169	C0039593
27896781	612	623	incorporate	T169	C0243126
27896781	624	628	both	T080	C1706086
27896781	629	640	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27896781	645	653	clinical	T080	C0205210
27896781	654	658	data	T078	C1511726
27896781	660	672	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27896781	673	681	specific	T080	C0205369
27896781	682	690	profiles	T059	C1979963
27896781	700	707	patient	T101	C0030705
27896781	711	717	tested	T169	C0039593
27896781	718	725	subject	T167	C0370003
27896781	736	757	personalized medicine	T061	C2718059
27896781	758	768	approaches	T082	C0449445

27896785|t|Prescription Patterns of Medications for Alzheimer's Disease in Japan from 2010 to 2015: A Descriptive Pharmacy Claims Database Study
27896785|a|Although four kinds of Alzheimer's disease (AD) drugs are available at present there was only one drug until 2011 in Japan. This study aimed to elucidate prescription trends of these medications for AD in Japanese outpatients before and after the new drug releases in 2011. This descriptive study of pharmacy claims databases analyzed outpatient prescription data from community pharmacies across Japan. The study patients were 20 years or older and first administered medications for AD (donepezil, memantine, rivastigmine, or galantamine) between January 2010 and September 2014. They were grouped on the basis of the year of their initial medications for AD administration into the 2010-2011 and 2012-2014 groups (1 and 2, respectively) and their characteristics and AD treatments were summarized by group. The subanalyses used a multivariable logistic regression model to examine the relationship between patient characteristics and discontinuation or change to combination therapy within a year. A total of 103,592 patients (group 1 and 2, 28,581 and 75,011, respectively) were prescribed medications for AD during the study period. The group 1 and 2 mean ± standard deviation (SD) ages were 79.6 ± 7.4 and 80.9 ± 7.3 years while female patients constituted 64.0% and 64.5%, respectively. Furthermore, in groups 1 and 2 patients, 99.0% and 94.3% received a medication for AD monotherapy, 92.3% and 59.6% were prescribed donepezil, and 40.5% and 41.5% discontinued treatment within a year, respectively. The subanalyses suggest that being at least 85 years old strongly correlated with treatment discontinuation and change to combination therapy within a year. Although the prescription proportions of the various medications for AD have changed since 2011, no apparent changes occurred in the patient characteristics of those who initiated AD treatment between 2010-2011 and 2012-2014.
27896785	0	12	Prescription	T170	C1521941
27896785	13	21	Patterns	T082	C0449774
27896785	25	36	Medications	T058	C2081612
27896785	41	60	Alzheimer's Disease	T047	C0002395
27896785	64	69	Japan	T083	C0022341
27896785	91	102	Descriptive	T170	C0678257
27896785	103	111	Pharmacy	T091	C0031336
27896785	119	127	Database	T170	C0242356
27896785	128	133	Study	T062	C2603343
27896785	157	176	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27896785	178	180	AD	T047	C0002395
27896785	182	187	drugs	T121	C0013227
27896785	192	201	available	T169	C0470187
27896785	205	212	present	T079	C0521116
27896785	232	236	drug	T121	C0013227
27896785	251	256	Japan	T083	C0022341
27896785	263	268	study	T062	C2603343
27896785	269	274	aimed	T078	C1947946
27896785	278	287	elucidate	T052	C2986669
27896785	288	300	prescription	T170	C1521941
27896785	301	307	trends	T079	C0040833
27896785	317	328	medications	T058	C2081612
27896785	333	335	AD	T047	C0002395
27896785	339	347	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27896785	348	359	outpatients	T101	C0029921
27896785	360	366	before	T079	C0332152
27896785	371	376	after	T079	C0687676
27896785	385	389	drug	T121	C0013227
27896785	390	398	releases	T170	C0282424
27896785	413	424	descriptive	T170	C0678257
27896785	425	430	study	T062	C2603343
27896785	434	442	pharmacy	T091	C0031336
27896785	450	459	databases	T170	C0242356
27896785	460	468	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27896785	469	479	outpatient	T101	C0029921
27896785	480	497	prescription data	T170	C1521941
27896785	503	523	community pharmacies	T093	C0009478
27896785	531	536	Japan	T083	C0022341
27896785	542	547	study	T062	C2603343
27896785	548	556	patients	T101	C0030705
27896785	565	570	years	T079	C0439234
27896785	590	602	administered	T061	C1533734
27896785	603	614	medications	T058	C2081612
27896785	619	621	AD	T047	C0002395
27896785	623	632	donepezil	T109,T121	C0527316
27896785	634	643	memantine	T109,T121	C0025242
27896785	645	657	rivastigmine	T109,T121	C0649350
27896785	662	673	galantamine	T109,T121	C0016967
27896785	726	733	grouped	T082	C0439745
27896785	741	746	basis	T169	C1527178
27896785	754	758	year	T079	C0439234
27896785	768	775	initial	T079	C0205265
27896785	776	787	medications	T058	C2081612
27896785	792	794	AD	T047	C0002395
27896785	795	809	administration	T061	C1533734
27896785	843	849	groups	T078	C0441833
27896785	884	899	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27896785	904	906	AD	T047	C0002395
27896785	907	917	treatments	T061	C0087111
27896785	923	936	summarized by	T170	C1553398
27896785	937	942	group	T078	C0441833
27896785	948	959	subanalyses	T062	C0936012
27896785	967	1006	multivariable logistic regression model	UnknownType	C0681925
27896785	1010	1017	examine	T033	C0332128
27896785	1022	1034	relationship	T080	C0439849
27896785	1043	1050	patient	T101	C0030705
27896785	1051	1066	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27896785	1071	1086	discontinuation	T061	C4288399
27896785	1090	1096	change	T169	C0392747
27896785	1100	1119	combination therapy	T061	C0013218
27896785	1129	1133	year	T079	C0439234
27896785	1154	1162	patients	T101	C0030705
27896785	1164	1169	group	T078	C0441833
27896785	1217	1227	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27896785	1228	1239	medications	T058	C2081612
27896785	1244	1246	AD	T047	C0002395
27896785	1258	1263	study	T062	C2603343
27896785	1276	1281	group	T078	C0441833
27896785	1290	1294	mean	T081	C0444504
27896785	1297	1315	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
27896785	1317	1319	SD	T081	C0871420
27896785	1357	1362	years	T079	C0439234
27896785	1369	1375	female	T032	C0086287
27896785	1376	1384	patients	T101	C0030705
27896785	1444	1450	groups	T078	C0441833
27896785	1459	1467	patients	T101	C0030705
27896785	1496	1506	medication	T058	C2081612
27896785	1511	1513	AD	T047	C0002395
27896785	1514	1525	monotherapy	T061	C0520016
27896785	1548	1558	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27896785	1559	1568	donepezil	T109,T121	C0527316
27896785	1590	1612	discontinued treatment	T061	C4288399
27896785	1622	1626	year	T079	C0439234
27896785	1646	1657	subanalyses	T062	C0936012
27896785	1658	1665	suggest	T078	C1705535
27896785	1689	1694	years	T079	C0439234
27896785	1699	1707	strongly	T080	C0442821
27896785	1708	1718	correlated	T080	C1707520
27896785	1724	1749	treatment discontinuation	T061	C4288399
27896785	1754	1760	change	T169	C0392747
27896785	1764	1783	combination therapy	T061	C0013218
27896785	1793	1797	year	T079	C0439234
27896785	1812	1824	prescription	T170	C1521941
27896785	1825	1836	proportions	T081	C1709707
27896785	1852	1863	medications	T058	C2081612
27896785	1868	1870	AD	T047	C0002395
27896785	1876	1883	changed	T169	C0392747
27896785	1899	1907	apparent	T078	C0750489
27896785	1908	1915	changes	T169	C0392747
27896785	1932	1939	patient	T101	C0030705
27896785	1940	1955	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27896785	1969	1978	initiated	T169	C1704686
27896785	1979	1981	AD	T047	C0002395
27896785	1982	1991	treatment	T061	C0087111

27896851|t|Quantitating the lateral skin stiffness by a new and versatile electro-mechanical instrument. Preliminary studies
27896851|a|A new electro-mechanical device for measuring the lateral stiffness of the skin is now available. It basically allows to recording the forces that the skin opposes to a lateral displacement (1-2 mm) of a pinching type movement. Preliminary assays of this device to various skin sites and an artificial substrate aimed at defining its major characteristics (sensitivity, reproducibility, variations according to skin site). The calibration of the device (Khelometer(®)) and assessment of its reproducibility were carried out through the use of elastometer substrates of various stiffness's. The device was then used, in vivo, at different skin sites (scalp, inner and outer forearms, cheeks) of 213 healthy Japanese women of various ages. The short-time effect of a hydrating regimen (7% glycerol) was recorded on the outer forearm. This new device offers an appreciable reproducibility in vitro and in vivo (coefficient of variation of 2-4% and 5-14%, respectively). Unlike other biophysical methods, the Khelometer(®) can be easily applied onto the human scalp that shows a higher stiffness than the two other skin sites, increasing with age and presence of alopecia. In all the three studied skin sites, the impact of age leads to significantly higher lateral skin stiffness (LSS, expressed as N/mm) values. The latter were found significantly different between the two sides of the forearms where the outer (sun-exposed) side showed statistically slightly higher LSS, than the unexposed inner side. LSS values found on cheeks (≈0.5 N/mm) were about four times lower than those of the scalp (≈2 N/mm) and about half those of forearms (≈1 N/mm). The effect of a 7% glycerol based formula was recorded 20 min post application onto the forearm, leading to a slight drop in LSS (approx. 15%) as compared to a vehicle-applied skin site. These preliminary studies clearly indicate that this new device, applicable to any skin site, offers appreciable assets such as sensitivity and reproducibility. Accordingly, it appears as a new approach in the non-invasive biophysical measurements of the skin surface, in both advanced and applied research investigations.
27896851	0	12	Quantitating	T081	C1709793
27896851	17	39	lateral skin stiffness	T033	C3276815
27896851	63	92	electro-mechanical instrument	T074	C0025080
27896851	94	105	Preliminary	T079	C0439611
27896851	106	113	studies	T062	C2603343
27896851	120	145	electro-mechanical device	T074	C0025080
27896851	150	159	measuring	T080	C0444706
27896851	164	193	lateral stiffness of the skin	T033	C3276815
27896851	249	255	forces	T067	C0441722
27896851	265	269	skin	T022	C1123023
27896851	283	303	lateral displacement	T169	C0333046
27896851	318	326	pinching	T037	C0418416
27896851	332	340	movement	T040	C0026649
27896851	342	353	Preliminary	T079	C0439611
27896851	369	375	device	T074	C0025080
27896851	387	397	skin sites	T029	C0222072
27896851	405	425	artificial substrate	T073	C1710236
27896851	454	469	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27896851	471	482	sensitivity	T080	C1522640
27896851	484	499	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27896851	501	511	variations	T080	C0205419
27896851	525	534	skin site	T029	C0222072
27896851	541	552	calibration	T081	C0006751
27896851	560	566	device	T074	C0025080
27896851	568	581	Khelometer(®)	T074	C0025080
27896851	605	620	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27896851	657	679	elastometer substrates	T073	C1710236
27896851	691	702	stiffness's	T033	C3276815
27896851	708	714	device	T074	C0025080
27896851	730	737	in vivo	T062	C0681829
27896851	752	762	skin sites	T029	C0222072
27896851	764	769	scalp	T023	C0036270
27896851	787	795	forearms	T023	C0016536
27896851	797	803	cheeks	T023	C0222085
27896851	820	828	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27896851	829	834	women	T098	C0043210
27896851	846	850	ages	T032	C0001779
27896851	879	896	hydrating regimen	T033	C1321013
27896851	901	909	glycerol	T109,T121,T123	C0017861
27896851	931	944	outer forearm	T023	C0016536
27896851	955	961	device	T074	C0025080
27896851	984	999	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27896851	1000	1008	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27896851	1013	1020	in vivo	T062	C0681829
27896851	1022	1046	coefficient of variation	T081	C0681921
27896851	1094	1113	biophysical methods	T038	C1511162
27896851	1119	1132	Khelometer(®)	T074	C0025080
27896851	1164	1169	human	T016	C0086418
27896851	1170	1175	scalp	T023	C0036270
27896851	1196	1205	stiffness	T184	C0427008
27896851	1225	1235	skin sites	T029	C0222072
27896851	1253	1256	age	T032	C0001779
27896851	1261	1269	presence	T080	C3854307
27896851	1273	1281	alopecia	T047	C0002170
27896851	1300	1307	studied	T062	C2603343
27896851	1308	1318	skin sites	T029	C0222072
27896851	1324	1330	impact	T080	C4049986
27896851	1334	1337	age	T032	C0001779
27896851	1347	1367	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27896851	1368	1390	lateral skin stiffness	T033	C3276815
27896851	1392	1395	LSS	T033	C3276815
27896851	1482	1491	two sides	T029	C0222072
27896851	1499	1507	forearms	T023	C0016536
27896851	1518	1542	outer (sun-exposed) side	T029	C0222072
27896851	1525	1536	sun-exposed	T033	C1456711
27896851	1580	1583	LSS	T033	C3276815
27896851	1594	1614	unexposed inner side	T029	C0222072
27896851	1616	1619	LSS	T033	C3276815
27896851	1636	1642	cheeks	T023	C0222085
27896851	1671	1676	times	T081	C1632851
27896851	1701	1706	scalp	T023	C0036270
27896851	1741	1749	forearms	T023	C0016536
27896851	1780	1788	glycerol	T109,T121,T123	C0017861
27896851	1795	1802	formula	T170	C0489829
27896851	1819	1822	min	T079	C0439232
27896851	1828	1839	application	T061	C0441485
27896851	1849	1856	forearm	T023	C0016536
27896851	1886	1889	LSS	T033	C3276815
27896851	1921	1936	vehicle-applied	T167	C0439861
27896851	1937	1946	skin site	T029	C0222072
27896851	1954	1965	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27896851	1966	1973	studies	T062	C2603343
27896851	2005	2011	device	T074	C0025080
27896851	2013	2023	applicable	T080	C1706839
27896851	2031	2040	skin site	T029	C0222072
27896851	2061	2067	assets	T077	C2371679
27896851	2076	2087	sensitivity	T080	C1522640
27896851	2092	2107	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27896851	2158	2170	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27896851	2171	2195	biophysical measurements	T169	C0242485
27896851	2203	2215	skin surface	T029	C1180212
27896851	2246	2269	research investigations	T062	C0683933

27897214|t|LINC00978 predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer patients
27897214|a|Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs in the human genome that involves in breast cancer development and progression. Here, we identify a lncRNA, LINC00978, which is upregulated in breast cancer cell lines and tissues compared with corresponding controls. Furthermore, LINC00978 expression is negatively associated with hormone receptor (HR) status in 195 breast cancer patients studied (p = 0.033). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis shows that patients with high LINC00978 expression have poorer disease-free survival (DFS) than those with low LINC00978 expression (p = 0.012), and multivariate analysis identifies LINC00978 as an independent prognostic factor in breast cancer (p = 0.008, hazard ratio [HR] = 2.270, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.237-4.165). Our study indicates that LINC00978 may be an oncogene in breast cancer, and can serve as a potential biomarker to predict prognosis in breast cancer patients.
27897214	0	9	LINC00978	T028	C3810893
27897214	19	33	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27897214	37	50	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27897214	51	59	patients	T101	C0030705
27897214	60	73	Breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27897214	97	106	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27897214	107	113	cancer	T191	C0006826
27897214	130	135	cause	T169	C0015127
27897214	139	145	cancer	T191	C0006826
27897214	146	151	death	T040	C0011065
27897214	158	163	women	T098	C0043210
27897214	175	195	Long non-coding RNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27897214	197	204	lncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
27897214	221	236	non-coding RNAs	T114	C0887909
27897214	244	256	human genome	T028	C0017429
27897214	274	287	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27897214	288	299	development	T169	C1527148
27897214	304	315	progression	T046	C0242656
27897214	337	343	lncRNA	T114,T123	C3494264
27897214	345	354	LINC00978	T028	C3810893
27897214	380	393	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27897214	394	404	cell lines	T025	C0007600
27897214	409	416	tissues	T024	C0040300
27897214	417	425	compared	T052	C1707455
27897214	445	453	controls	T096	C0009932
27897214	468	477	LINC00978	T028	C3810893
27897214	478	488	expression	T045	C0017262
27897214	492	502	negatively	T033	C1513916
27897214	503	518	associated with	T080	C0332281
27897214	519	535	hormone receptor	T116,T192	C0019929
27897214	537	539	HR	T116,T192	C0019929
27897214	541	547	status	T080	C0449438
27897214	555	568	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27897214	569	577	patients	T101	C0030705
27897214	599	629	Kaplan-Meier survival analysis	T081	C1720943
27897214	641	649	patients	T101	C0030705
27897214	660	669	LINC00978	T028	C3810893
27897214	670	680	expression	T045	C0017262
27897214	686	692	poorer	T080	C2700379
27897214	693	714	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
27897214	716	719	DFS	T081	C0242793
27897214	741	750	LINC00978	T028	C3810893
27897214	751	761	expression	T045	C0017262
27897214	779	800	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27897214	812	821	LINC00978	T028	C3810893
27897214	840	857	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
27897214	861	874	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27897214	887	899	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27897214	900	903	[HR	T081	C2985465
27897214	918	937	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27897214	939	941	CI	T081	C0009667
27897214	982	991	LINC00978	T028	C3810893
27897214	1002	1010	oncogene	T028	C0029016
27897214	1014	1027	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27897214	1058	1067	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27897214	1079	1088	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27897214	1092	1105	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27897214	1106	1114	patients	T101	C0030705

27898317|t|Ammonia tolerant inocula provide a good base for anaerobic digestion of microalgae in third generation biogas process
27898317|a|This study investigated the ability of an ammonia - acclimatized inoculum to digest efficiently protein -rich microalgae for continuous 3rd generation biogas production. Moreover, we investigated whether increased C / N ratio could alleviate ammonia toxicity. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) of five different algae (Chlorella vulgaris)/ manure (cattle) mixtures showed that the mixture of 80/20 (on VS basis) resulted in the highest BMP value (431mL CH4 gVS(-1)), while the BMP of microalgae alone (100/0) was 415mL CH4 gVS(-1). Subsequently, anaerobic digestion of those two substrates was tested in continuous stirred tank reactors (CSTR). Despite of the high ammonium levels (3.7-4.2g NH4 (+)-NL(-1)), CSTR reactors using ammonia tolerant inoculum resulted in relatively high methane yields (i.e. 77.5% and 84% of the maximum expected, respectively). These results demonstrated that ammonia tolerant inocula could be a promising approach to successfully digest protein -rich microalgae and achieve a 3rd generation biogas production.
27898317	0	7	Ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27898317	8	16	tolerant	T169	C0231198
27898317	49	58	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
27898317	59	68	digestion	T040	C0012238
27898317	72	82	microalgae	T204	C2936330
27898317	103	109	biogas	T109	C2717893
27898317	110	117	process	T067	C1522240
27898317	160	167	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27898317	170	182	acclimatized	T040	C0000934
27898317	195	201	digest	T039	C0868946
27898317	214	221	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27898317	228	238	microalgae	T204	C2936330
27898317	269	275	biogas	T109	C2717893
27898317	332	333	C	T196	C0007009
27898317	336	337	N	T123,T196	C0028158
27898317	360	376	ammonia toxicity	T037	C3686881
27898317	382	393	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27898317	394	401	methane	T109	C0025617
27898317	402	411	potential	T080	C3245505
27898317	413	416	BMP	T080	C3245505
27898317	436	441	algae	T204	C0002028
27898317	443	461	Chlorella vulgaris	T002	C0996438
27898317	464	470	manure	T167	C0024765
27898317	472	478	cattle	T015	C0007452
27898317	560	563	BMP	T080	C3245505
27898317	564	569	value	T081	C1522609
27898317	577	580	CH4	T109	C0025617
27898317	601	604	BMP	T080	C3245505
27898317	608	618	microalgae	T204	C2936330
27898317	643	646	CH4	T109	C0025617
27898317	670	679	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
27898317	680	689	digestion	T040	C0012238
27898317	728	760	continuous stirred tank reactors	T073	C3273359
27898317	762	766	CSTR	T073	C3273359
27898317	789	804	ammonium levels	T034	C1304736
27898317	815	818	NH4	T197	C0002611
27898317	832	845	CSTR reactors	T073	C3273359
27898317	860	868	tolerant	T169	C0231198
27898317	906	913	methane	T109	C0025617
27898317	914	920	yields	T081	C0392762
27898317	1013	1020	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27898317	1021	1029	tolerant	T169	C0231198
27898317	1084	1090	digest	T039	C0868946
27898317	1091	1098	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27898317	1105	1115	microalgae	T204	C2936330
27898317	1145	1151	biogas	T109	C2717893
27898317	1152	1162	production	T067	C1522240

27898362|t|Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure in patients with intellectual disability with special focus on choice of therapeutic intervention
27898362|a|There have been a number of studies exploring treatments for psychogenic non-epileptic seizure (PNES) but largely neglecting the sizable subgroup of patients with intellectual disability (ID). In the present study, we attempted to demonstrate effects and preferred modes of therapeutic intervention in PNES patients with ID being treated at a Japanese municipal center with a short referral chain. We examined 46 PNES patients with ID (ID group) and 106 PNES patients without ID (non-ID group) retrospectively in case charts. In addition to examining basic demographic and clinical data, effects of different therapeutic intervention were examined as a function of decrease or disappearance of PNES attacks in the ID group. Age at the first visit as well as PNES onset was younger in the ID than in the non-ID group (t=2.651, p=0.009; t=3.528, p=0.001, respectively). PNES -free ratio at the last visit tended to be higher in the non-ID group (chi square =3.455; p=0.063). Psychosis was more often encountered in the ID group (chi square =13.443; p=0.001). Although cognitive therapy and pharmaco-therapeutic approaches were quite similarly distributed in both groups, environmental adjustment was often introduced in the ID group (44%) as compared to the non-ID group (15%) (chi square =14.299; p=0.001). Brief weekly visit service is also more often utilized by the patients with ID (54%) than by those without ID (35%) (chi square =5.021, p=0.025). Optimal treatment approaches in this sizable patient subgroup should be the subject of future prospective studies.
27898362	0	33	Psychogenic non-epileptic seizure	T048	C1142430
27898362	37	45	patients	T101	C0030705
27898362	51	74	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
27898362	97	103	choice	T052	C1707391
27898362	107	131	therapeutic intervention	T061	C0808232
27898362	160	167	studies	T062	C2603343
27898362	178	188	treatments	T061	C0087111
27898362	193	226	psychogenic non-epileptic seizure	T048	C1142430
27898362	228	232	PNES	T048	C1142430
27898362	246	256	neglecting	T033	C0243095
27898362	269	277	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27898362	281	289	patients	T101	C0030705
27898362	295	318	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
27898362	320	322	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	332	339	present	T079	C0521116
27898362	340	345	study	T062	C2603343
27898362	350	359	attempted	T051	C1516084
27898362	363	374	demonstrate	T169	C0205319
27898362	375	382	effects	T080	C1704420
27898362	387	396	preferred	T078	C0558295
27898362	406	430	therapeutic intervention	T061	C0808232
27898362	434	438	PNES	T048	C1142430
27898362	439	447	patients	T101	C0030705
27898362	453	455	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	462	469	treated	T169	C1522326
27898362	475	500	Japanese municipal center	T093	C1708333
27898362	508	513	short	T081	C1806781
27898362	514	528	referral chain	T058	C0034927
27898362	533	541	examined	T033	C0332128
27898362	545	549	PNES	T048	C1142430
27898362	550	558	patients	T101	C0030705
27898362	564	566	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	568	570	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	571	576	group	T078	C0441833
27898362	586	590	PNES	T048	C1142430
27898362	591	599	patients	T101	C0030705
27898362	608	610	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	612	618	non-ID	T033	C0243095
27898362	619	624	group	T078	C0441833
27898362	626	641	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
27898362	645	656	case charts	T170	C3842891
27898362	658	672	In addition to	T169	C0332287
27898362	673	682	examining	T033	C0332128
27898362	689	700	demographic	T090	C0011298
27898362	705	718	clinical data	T170	C1516606
27898362	720	730	effects of	T080	C1704420
27898362	731	740	different	T080	C1705242
27898362	741	765	therapeutic intervention	T061	C0808232
27898362	771	779	examined	T033	C0332128
27898362	785	793	function	T169	C0542341
27898362	797	805	decrease	T081	C0547047
27898362	809	822	disappearance	T079	C2746065
27898362	826	830	PNES	T048	C1142430
27898362	846	848	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	849	854	group	T078	C0441833
27898362	856	859	Age	T032	C0001779
27898362	873	878	visit	T058	C1512346
27898362	890	894	PNES	T048	C1142430
27898362	895	900	onset	T080	C0332162
27898362	905	912	younger	T079	C0332239
27898362	920	922	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	935	941	non-ID	T033	C0243095
27898362	942	947	group	T078	C0441833
27898362	1000	1004	PNES	T048	C1142430
27898362	1011	1016	ratio	T081	C0456603
27898362	1029	1034	visit	T058	C1512346
27898362	1048	1054	higher	T080	C0205250
27898362	1062	1068	non-ID	T033	C0243095
27898362	1069	1074	group	T078	C0441833
27898362	1069	1074	group	T078	C0441833
27898362	1076	1086	chi square	T081	C1552646
27898362	1105	1114	Psychosis	T048	C0033975
27898362	1149	1151	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	1152	1157	group	T078	C0441833
27898362	1159	1169	chi square	T081	C1552646
27898362	1198	1215	cognitive therapy	T061	C0009244
27898362	1220	1240	pharmaco-therapeutic	T061	C0013216
27898362	1263	1272	similarly	T080	C2348205
27898362	1273	1284	distributed	T169	C1704711
27898362	1293	1299	groups	T078	C0441833
27898362	1301	1314	environmental	T082	C0014406
27898362	1315	1325	adjustment	T169	C0456081
27898362	1336	1346	introduced	T169	C1292748
27898362	1354	1356	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	1357	1362	group	T078	C0441833
27898362	1372	1380	compared	T052	C1707455
27898362	1388	1394	non-ID	T033	C0243095
27898362	1395	1400	group	T078	C0441833
27898362	1408	1418	chi square	T081	C1552646
27898362	1438	1443	Brief	T079	C1879313
27898362	1444	1450	weekly	T079	C0332174
27898362	1451	1464	visit service	T058	C1512346
27898362	1484	1492	utilized	T169	C0042153
27898362	1500	1508	patients	T101	C0030705
27898362	1514	1516	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	1545	1547	ID	T048	C3714756
27898362	1555	1565	chi square	T081	C1552646
27898362	1584	1591	Optimal	T080	C2698651
27898362	1592	1601	treatment	T061	C0087111
27898362	1629	1636	patient	T101	C0030705
27898362	1637	1645	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27898362	1660	1667	subject	T078	C1706203
27898362	1671	1677	future	T079	C0016884
27898362	1678	1697	prospective studies	T062	C0033522

27898506|t|Estimation of populational 24-h urinary sodium and potassium excretion from spot urine samples: evaluation of four formulas in a large national representative population
27898506|a|The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the estimation of 24-h urinary sodium (UNa) and urinary potassium (UK) excretion obtained through four formulae based on occasional urine samples. We analysed 2399 individuals (51% females) aged 18 to 96 years representatives of Portuguese population. Tanaka, Kawasaki, INTERSALT and NHANES formulae were used to predict 24-h UNa and UK excretion s from spot morning urinary samples (OUrS). We compared it with validated real 24-h urine samples (VUrS) (24-h UNa: 4052 ± 1432 mg/ day, 24-h UK = 2928 ± 1004 mg/ day). We compared observed vs. estimated measurements by examining bias (observed minus predicted UNa and UK), the correlation and intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficients between measurements, and Bland-Altman plots. We analysed the differences between observed and estimated Na and K excretion across subgroups defined by quintiles of observed Na and K excretion and subgroups defined hypertension status and control. The area under the ROC curve was used to assess the discriminatory capacity of formulas between high - intake salt individuals from low - intake individuals, taking the arbitrary values 3000 and 3900 mg/ day for, respectively, Na and K intake. Formulas produced significant mean bias for UNa: Kawasaki -1277, INTERSALT -569, NHANES -116 and for UK Tanaka -754, Kawasaki -95 mg/ day. Correlation coefficients were less than 0.360 and ICC coefficients were all less than 0.458 for both UNa and UK estimations. Bias varied across quintiles with overestimation of UNa at lower quintiles (by 29-105%) and underestimation at higher quintile (by 7-37%) regardless of formula. The Bland-Altman plots indicated a high dispersion of the estimates biases regardless of the formulae and normotension / hypertension condition particularly at higher levels. All formulas exhibited an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve below 0.67 both in normotensive individuals and hypertensive individuals. We found a poor agreement between estimated and observed measurements of UNa and UK in our large population. All these formulas incur in over - or underestimations of UNa and UK excretion that may be unreliable for clinical evaluation of individual's and mean population daily UNa and UK excretion.
27898506	0	10	Estimation	T081	C0750572
27898506	14	26	populational	T098	C1257890
27898506	32	46	urinary sodium	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	51	60	potassium	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	61	70	excretion	T039	C0221102
27898506	81	94	urine samples	T031	C1610733
27898506	81	94	urine samples	T031	C1610733
27898506	96	106	evaluation	T078	C1550157
27898506	115	123	formulas	T170	C0282574
27898506	144	158	representative	T098	C1257890
27898506	159	169	population	T098	C1257890
27898506	186	191	study	T062	C2603343
27898506	210	218	validity	T081	C2349101
27898506	226	236	estimation	T081	C0750572
27898506	245	259	urinary sodium	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	261	264	UNa	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	270	287	urinary potassium	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	289	291	UK	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	293	302	excretion	T039	C0221102
27898506	325	333	formulae	T170	C0282574
27898506	354	367	urine samples	T031	C1610733
27898506	386	397	individuals	T098	C0237401
27898506	403	410	females	T032	C0086287
27898506	412	416	aged	T032	C0001779
27898506	426	431	years	T079	C0439234
27898506	432	447	representatives	T098	C1257890
27898506	451	472	Portuguese population	T098	C0032730
27898506	474	480	Tanaka	T170	C0282574
27898506	482	490	Kawasaki	T170	C0282574
27898506	492	501	INTERSALT	T170	C0282574
27898506	506	521	NHANES formulae	T170	C0282574
27898506	548	551	UNa	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	556	558	UK	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	559	568	excretion	T039	C0221102
27898506	589	604	urinary samples	T031	C1610733
27898506	653	666	urine samples	T031	C1610733
27898506	680	683	UNa	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	701	704	day	T079	C0439228
27898506	711	713	UK	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	732	735	day	T079	C0439228
27898506	750	758	observed	T169	C1441672
27898506	763	772	estimated	T081	C0750572
27898506	773	785	measurements	T169	C0242485
27898506	799	803	bias	T078	C0242568
27898506	805	813	observed	T169	C1441672
27898506	830	833	UNa	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	838	840	UK	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	847	858	correlation	T080	C1707520
27898506	863	885	intraclass correlation	T081	C0392762
27898506	887	890	ICC	T081	C0392762
27898506	892	904	coefficients	T081	C1707429
27898506	913	925	measurements	T169	C0242485
27898506	931	949	Bland-Altman plots	T081	C0392762
27898506	967	978	differences	T080	C1705242
27898506	987	995	observed	T169	C1441672
27898506	1000	1009	estimated	T081	C0750572
27898506	1010	1012	Na	T123,T196	C0037473
27898506	1017	1018	K	T123,T196	C0032821
27898506	1019	1028	excretion	T039	C0221102
27898506	1036	1045	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27898506	1057	1066	quintiles	T201	C1508496
27898506	1070	1078	observed	T169	C1441672
27898506	1079	1081	Na	T123,T196	C0037473
27898506	1086	1087	K	T123,T196	C0032821
27898506	1088	1097	excretion	T039	C0221102
27898506	1102	1111	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27898506	1120	1139	hypertension status	T033	C0586110
27898506	1144	1151	control	T080	C0243148
27898506	1172	1181	ROC curve	T081	C0035787
27898506	1220	1228	capacity	T081	C1516240
27898506	1232	1240	formulas	T170	C0282574
27898506	1249	1253	high	T080	C0205250
27898506	1256	1262	intake	T169	C1512806
27898506	1263	1267	salt	T104	C0036140
27898506	1268	1279	individuals	T098	C0237401
27898506	1285	1288	low	T080	C0205251
27898506	1291	1297	intake	T169	C1512806
27898506	1298	1309	individuals	T098	C0237401
27898506	1322	1338	arbitrary values	T081	C0439183
27898506	1357	1360	day	T079	C0439228
27898506	1380	1382	Na	T123,T196	C0037473
27898506	1387	1388	K	T123,T196	C0032821
27898506	1389	1395	intake	T169	C1512806
27898506	1397	1405	Formulas	T170	C0282574
27898506	1432	1436	bias	T078	C0242568
27898506	1441	1444	UNa	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	1446	1454	Kawasaki	T170	C0282574
27898506	1462	1471	INTERSALT	T170	C0282574
27898506	1478	1484	NHANES	T170	C0282574
27898506	1498	1500	UK	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	1501	1507	Tanaka	T170	C0282574
27898506	1514	1522	Kawasaki	T170	C0282574
27898506	1531	1534	day	T079	C0439228
27898506	1536	1560	Correlation coefficients	T081	C0392762
27898506	1586	1589	ICC	T081	C0392762
27898506	1590	1602	coefficients	T081	C1707429
27898506	1637	1640	UNa	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	1645	1647	UK	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	1648	1659	estimations	T081	C0750572
27898506	1661	1665	Bias	T078	C0242568
27898506	1680	1689	quintiles	T201	C1508496
27898506	1695	1709	overestimation	T081	C0392762
27898506	1713	1716	UNa	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	1720	1725	lower	T080	C0205251
27898506	1726	1735	quintiles	T201	C1508496
27898506	1772	1778	higher	T080	C0205250
27898506	1779	1787	quintile	T201	C1508496
27898506	1813	1820	formula	T170	C0282574
27898506	1826	1844	Bland-Altman plots	T081	C0392762
27898506	1857	1861	high	T080	C0205250
27898506	1862	1872	dispersion	T082	C0332624
27898506	1890	1896	biases	T078	C0242568
27898506	1915	1923	formulae	T170	C0282574
27898506	1928	1940	normotension	T033	C0243095
27898506	1943	1955	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27898506	1982	1988	higher	T080	C0205250
27898506	1989	1995	levels	T080	C0441889
27898506	2001	2009	formulas	T170	C0282574
27898506	2038	2077	receiver operating characteristic curve	T081	C0035787
27898506	2097	2109	normotensive	T033	C0243095
27898506	2110	2121	individuals	T098	C0237401
27898506	2126	2138	hypertensive	T033	C0857121
27898506	2139	2150	individuals	T098	C0237401
27898506	2186	2195	estimated	T081	C0750572
27898506	2200	2208	observed	T169	C1441672
27898506	2209	2221	measurements	T169	C0242485
27898506	2225	2228	UNa	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	2233	2235	UK	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	2249	2259	population	T098	C1257890
27898506	2271	2279	formulas	T170	C0282574
27898506	2289	2293	over	T081	C0392762
27898506	2299	2315	underestimations	T081	C0392762
27898506	2319	2322	UNa	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	2327	2329	UK	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	2330	2339	excretion	T039	C0221102
27898506	2367	2386	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
27898506	2390	2402	individual's	T098	C0237401
27898506	2407	2422	mean population	T081	C2347634
27898506	2423	2428	daily	T079	C0332173
27898506	2429	2432	UNa	T123,T196	C1973436
27898506	2437	2439	UK	T123,T196	C1971990
27898506	2440	2449	excretion	T039	C0221102

27898665|t|Extending ' Contact Tracing ' into the Community within a 50-Metre Radius of an Index Tuberculosis Patient Using Xpert MTB/RIF in Urban, Pakistan: Did It Increase Case Detection?
27898665|a|Currently, only 62% of incident tuberculosis (TB) cases are reported to the national programme in Pakistan. Several innovative interventions are being recommended to detect the remaining 'missed' TB cases. One such intervention involved expanding contact investigation to the community using the Xpert MTB/RIF test. This was a before and after intervention study involving retrospective record review. Passive case finding and household contact investigation was routinely done in the pre- intervention period July 2011-June 2013. Four districts with a high concentration of slums were selected as intervention areas; Lahore, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad and Islamabad. Here, in the intervention period, July 2013-June 2015, contact investigation beyond household was conducted: all people staying within a radius of 50 metres (using Geographical Information System) from the household of smear positive TB patients were screened for tuberculosis. Those with presumptive TB were investigated using smear microscopy and the Xpert MTB/RIF test was performed on smear negative patients. All the diagnosed TB patients were linked to TB treatment and care. A total of 783043 contacts were screened for tuberculosis: 23741(3.0%) presumptive TB patients were identified of whom, 4710 (19.8%) all forms and 4084(17.2%) bacteriologically confirmed TB patients were detected. The contribution of Xpert MTB/RIF to bacteriologically confirmed TB patients was 7.6%. The yield among investigated presumptive child TB patients was 5.1%. The overall yield of all forms TB patients among investigated was 22.3% among household and 19.1% in close community. The intervention contributed an increase of case detection of bacteriologically confirmed tuberculosis by 6.8% and all forms TB patients by 7.9%. Community contact investigation beyond household not only detected additional TB patients but also increased TB case detection. However, further long term assessments and cost-effectiveness studies are required before national scale-up.
27898665	12	27	Contact Tracing	T058	C0079161
27898665	39	48	Community	T096	C0009462
27898665	86	98	Tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27898665	99	106	Patient	T101	C0030705
27898665	113	126	Xpert MTB/RIF	T060	C0430022
27898665	130	145	Urban, Pakistan	T083	C0030211
27898665	163	177	Case Detection	T061	C1511790
27898665	211	223	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27898665	225	227	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	239	247	reported	T058	C0700287
27898665	255	273	national programme	T058	C0027459
27898665	277	285	Pakistan	T083	C0030211
27898665	306	319	interventions	T058	C1273869
27898665	345	351	detect	T061	C1511790
27898665	375	377	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	394	406	intervention	T058	C1273869
27898665	426	433	contact	T033	C0850665
27898665	434	447	investigation	T058	C0220825
27898665	455	464	community	T096	C0009462
27898665	475	493	Xpert MTB/RIF test	T060	C0430022
27898665	523	541	intervention study	T170	C1096775
27898665	552	579	retrospective record review	T062	C0035363
27898665	581	601	Passive case finding	T062	C4288441
27898665	606	623	household contact	T080	C3640861
27898665	624	637	investigation	T058	C0220825
27898665	669	681	intervention	T058	C1273869
27898665	737	750	concentration	T081	C1446561
27898665	754	759	slums	T080	C0037345
27898665	777	789	intervention	T058	C1273869
27898665	790	795	areas	T082	C0205146
27898665	797	803	Lahore	T083	C0017446
27898665	805	815	Rawalpindi	T083	C0017446
27898665	817	827	Faisalabad	T083	C0017446
27898665	832	841	Islamabad	T083	C0017446
27898665	856	868	intervention	T058	C1273869
27898665	898	905	contact	T033	C0850665
27898665	906	919	investigation	T058	C0220825
27898665	927	936	household	T080	C3640861
27898665	956	962	people	T098	C0027361
27898665	1007	1038	Geographical Information System	T170	C0815319
27898665	1049	1058	household	T080	C3640861
27898665	1062	1076	smear positive	T034	C0368775
27898665	1077	1079	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	1080	1088	patients	T101	C0030705
27898665	1094	1102	screened	T058	C0220908
27898665	1107	1119	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27898665	1144	1146	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	1171	1187	smear microscopy	T059	C0026018
27898665	1196	1214	Xpert MTB/RIF test	T060	C0430022
27898665	1232	1246	smear negative	T034	C1254360
27898665	1247	1255	patients	T101	C0030705
27898665	1265	1274	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27898665	1275	1277	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	1278	1286	patients	T101	C0030705
27898665	1302	1304	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	1305	1314	treatment	T061	C0087111
27898665	1319	1323	care	T058	C0086388
27898665	1343	1351	contacts	T033	C0850665
27898665	1357	1365	screened	T058	C0220908
27898665	1370	1382	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27898665	1408	1410	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	1411	1419	patients	T101	C0030705
27898665	1484	1501	bacteriologically	T033	C3640837
27898665	1512	1514	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	1515	1523	patients	T101	C0030705
27898665	1529	1537	detected	T061	C1511790
27898665	1559	1572	Xpert MTB/RIF	T060	C0430022
27898665	1576	1593	bacteriologically	T033	C3640837
27898665	1604	1606	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	1607	1615	patients	T101	C0030705
27898665	1667	1672	child	T100	C0008059
27898665	1673	1675	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	1676	1684	patients	T101	C0030705
27898665	1726	1728	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	1729	1737	patients	T101	C0030705
27898665	1773	1782	household	T080	C3640861
27898665	1802	1811	community	T096	C0009462
27898665	1817	1829	intervention	T058	C1273869
27898665	1862	1871	detection	T061	C1511790
27898665	1875	1892	bacteriologically	T033	C3640837
27898665	1903	1915	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27898665	1938	1940	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	1941	1949	patients	T101	C0030705
27898665	1959	1968	Community	T096	C0009462
27898665	1969	1976	contact	T033	C0850665
27898665	1977	1990	investigation	T058	C0220825
27898665	1998	2007	household	T080	C3640861
27898665	2037	2039	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	2040	2048	patients	T101	C0030705
27898665	2068	2070	TB	T047	C0041296
27898665	2076	2085	detection	T061	C1511790
27898665	2104	2113	long term	T079	C0443252
27898665	2130	2156	cost-effectiveness studies	T062	C2603343
27898665	2177	2194	national scale-up	T170	C0450973

27898905|t|Opportunities for genomic prediction for fertility using endocrine and classical fertility traits in dairy cattle
27898905|a|Endocrine fertility traits, defined from progesterone concentration levels in milk, have been suggested as alternative indicators for fertility in dairy cows because they are less biased by farm management decisions and more directly reflect a cow 's reproductive physiology than classical traits derived from insemination and calving data. To determine the potential use of endocrine fertility traits in genomic evaluations, the improvement in accuracy from using endocrine fertility traits concurrent with classical traits in the genomic prediction of fertility was quantified. The impact of recording all traits on all training animals was also investigated. Endocrine and classical fertility records were available on 5,339 lactations from 2,447 Holstein cows in Ireland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. The endocrine traits were commencement of luteal activity (C-LA) and proportion of samples with luteal activity (PLA); the classical trait was the interval from calving to first service (CFS). The interval from C-LA to first service (C-LAFS), which is a combination of an endocrine trait and a classical trait, was also investigated. The target (breeding goal) trait for fertility was CFS or C-LAFS, whereas C-LA and PLA served as predictor traits. Genomic EBV (GEBV) for fertility were derived using genomic BLUP in bivariate models with 85,485 SNP. Genomic EBV for the separate fertility traits were also computed, in univariate models. The accuracy of GEBV was evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation. The highest accuracy of GEBV was achieved using bivariate predictions, where both an endocrine fertility trait and the classical fertility trait were used. Accuracy of GEBV for predicting adjusted phenotypes for CFS in the univariate model was 0.04, but when predicting CFS using a bivariate model with C-LA, the accuracy increased to 0.14 when all training animals were phenotyped for C-LA and (or not) for CFS. On phenotyping all training animals for both C-LA and CFS, accuracy for CFS increased to 0.18; however, when validation animals were also phenotyped for C-LA, there was no substantial increase in accuracy. When predicting CFS in bivariate analysis with PLA, accuracy ranged from 0.07 to 0.14. This first study on genomic predictions for fertility using endocrine traits suggests some improvement in the accuracy of prediction over using only the classical traits. Further studies with larger training populations may show greater improvements.
27898905	0	13	Opportunities	T062	C0683937
27898905	18	25	genomic	T028	C0017428
27898905	26	36	prediction	T078	C0681842
27898905	41	50	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	57	66	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27898905	71	80	classical	T169	C0443177
27898905	81	90	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	91	97	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	101	113	dairy cattle	T015	C0007452
27898905	114	123	Endocrine	T022	C0014136
27898905	124	133	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	134	140	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	155	167	progesterone	T109,T121,T125	C0033308
27898905	168	181	concentration	T081	C1446561
27898905	182	188	levels	T080	C0441889
27898905	192	196	milk	T031	C0026131
27898905	221	232	alternative	T077	C1523987
27898905	233	243	indicators	T169	C1522602
27898905	248	257	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	261	271	dairy cows	T015	C0007452
27898905	304	308	farm	T082	C0557759
27898905	309	319	management	T057	C1273870
27898905	320	329	decisions	T041	C0679006
27898905	358	361	cow	T015	C0007452
27898905	365	377	reproductive	T040	C0035150
27898905	378	388	physiology	T039	C0031843
27898905	394	403	classical	T169	C0443177
27898905	404	410	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	424	436	insemination	T042	C0021586
27898905	449	453	data	T078	C1511726
27898905	482	488	use of	T169	C1524063
27898905	489	498	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27898905	499	508	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	509	515	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	519	526	genomic	T028	C0017428
27898905	527	538	evaluations	T062	C0015195
27898905	544	555	improvement	T077	C2986411
27898905	559	567	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27898905	579	588	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27898905	589	598	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	599	605	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	606	616	concurrent	T079	C0205420
27898905	622	631	classical	T169	C0443177
27898905	632	638	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	646	653	genomic	T028	C0017428
27898905	654	664	prediction	T078	C0681842
27898905	668	677	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	682	692	quantified	T081	C1709793
27898905	698	704	impact	T080	C4049986
27898905	722	728	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	745	752	animals	T008	C0003062
27898905	762	774	investigated	T169	C1292732
27898905	776	785	Endocrine	T022	C0014136
27898905	790	799	classical	T169	C0443177
27898905	800	809	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	842	852	lactations	T042	C0022925
27898905	864	877	Holstein cows	T015	C0324069
27898905	881	888	Ireland	T083	C0022067
27898905	894	905	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
27898905	907	913	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27898905	923	937	United Kingdom	T083	C0041700
27898905	943	952	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27898905	953	959	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	965	996	commencement of luteal activity	T042	C1254358
27898905	998	1002	C-LA	T042	C1254358
27898905	1008	1018	proportion	T081	C1709707
27898905	1022	1029	samples	T167	C0370003
27898905	1035	1050	luteal activity	T042	C1254358
27898905	1052	1055	PLA	T167	C0370003
27898905	1062	1071	classical	T169	C0443177
27898905	1072	1077	trait	T032	C0599883
27898905	1086	1094	interval	T079	C1272706
27898905	1136	1144	interval	T079	C1272706
27898905	1150	1154	C-LA	T042	C1254358
27898905	1211	1220	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27898905	1221	1226	trait	T032	C0599883
27898905	1233	1242	classical	T169	C0443177
27898905	1243	1248	trait	T032	C0599883
27898905	1259	1271	investigated	T169	C1292732
27898905	1277	1283	target	T169	C1521840
27898905	1285	1298	breeding goal	T169	C1521840
27898905	1300	1305	trait	T032	C0599883
27898905	1310	1319	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	1347	1351	C-LA	T042	C1254358
27898905	1356	1359	PLA	T167	C0370003
27898905	1370	1379	predictor	T078	C2698872
27898905	1380	1386	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	1388	1399	Genomic EBV	T028	C0017428
27898905	1401	1405	GEBV	T028	C0017428
27898905	1411	1420	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	1440	1452	genomic BLUP	T062	C1710191
27898905	1456	1472	bivariate models	T075	C0026336
27898905	1485	1488	SNP	T086	C0752046
27898905	1519	1528	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	1529	1535	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	1559	1576	univariate models	T075	C0026336
27898905	1582	1590	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27898905	1594	1598	GEBV	T028	C0017428
27898905	1623	1639	cross-validation	T062	C0681935
27898905	1653	1661	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27898905	1665	1669	GEBV	T028	C0017428
27898905	1689	1698	bivariate	UnknownType	C0681927
27898905	1699	1710	predictions	T078	C0681842
27898905	1726	1735	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27898905	1736	1745	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	1746	1751	trait	T032	C0599883
27898905	1760	1769	classical	T169	C0443177
27898905	1770	1779	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	1780	1785	trait	T032	C0599883
27898905	1797	1805	Accuracy	T080	C0443131
27898905	1809	1813	GEBV	T028	C0017428
27898905	1818	1828	predicting	T078	C0681842
27898905	1838	1848	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27898905	1864	1880	univariate model	T075	C0026336
27898905	1900	1910	predicting	T078	C0681842
27898905	1923	1938	bivariate model	T075	C0026336
27898905	1944	1948	C-LA	T042	C1254358
27898905	1954	1962	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27898905	1963	1972	increased	T081	C0205217
27898905	1990	2006	training animals	T008	C0003062
27898905	2012	2022	phenotyped	T032	C0031437
27898905	2027	2031	C-LA	T042	C1254358
27898905	2057	2068	phenotyping	T032	C0031437
27898905	2073	2089	training animals	T008	C0003062
27898905	2099	2103	C-LA	T042	C1254358
27898905	2113	2121	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27898905	2130	2139	increased	T081	C0205217
27898905	2163	2173	validation	T062	C1519941
27898905	2174	2181	animals	T008	C0003062
27898905	2192	2202	phenotyped	T032	C0031437
27898905	2207	2211	C-LA	T042	C1254358
27898905	2223	2225	no	T033	C1513916
27898905	2226	2246	substantial increase	T169	C0442805
27898905	2250	2258	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27898905	2265	2275	predicting	T078	C0681842
27898905	2283	2301	bivariate analysis	UnknownType	C0681927
27898905	2307	2310	PLA	T167	C0370003
27898905	2312	2320	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27898905	2358	2363	study	T062	C2603343
27898905	2367	2374	genomic	T028	C0017428
27898905	2375	2386	predictions	T078	C0681842
27898905	2391	2400	fertility	T040	C0015895
27898905	2407	2416	endocrine	T022	C0014136
27898905	2417	2423	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	2438	2449	improvement	T077	C2986411
27898905	2457	2465	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27898905	2469	2479	prediction	T078	C0681842
27898905	2500	2509	classical	T169	C0443177
27898905	2510	2516	traits	T032	C0599883
27898905	2526	2533	studies	T062	C2603343
27898905	2539	2545	larger	T081	C0549177
27898905	2546	2566	training populations	T098	C1257890
27898905	2576	2583	greater	T081	C1704243
27898905	2584	2596	improvements	T077	C2986411

27899087|t|Paradoxical physiological responses to propranolol in a Rett syndrome patient: a case report
27899087|a|Rett Syndrome (RTT), caused by a loss-of-function in the epigenetic modulator: X-linked methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2), is a pervasive neurological disorder characterized by compromised brain functions, anxiety, severe mental retardation, language and learning disabilities, repetitive stereotyped hand movements and developmental regression. An imbalance in the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system (dysautonomia) and the resulting autonomic storms is a frequent occurrence in patients with RTT. The prototypical beta blocker propranolol has been used to manage sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with RTT. A 13 year old girl with RTT was referred to the Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust. Her clinical picture included disordered breathing with concomitant hyperventilation and apnoea, epilepsy, scoliosis, no QT prolongation (QT/QTc [372/467 ms on automated electrocardiogram [ECG], but manually calculated to be 440 ms]), no cardiac abnormalities (PR interval: 104 ms, QRS duration: 78 ms), and generalised anxiety disorder (ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code F41.1). She was also constipated and was fed via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). To manage the dysautonomia, propranolol was given (5 mg and 10 mg) and in parallel her physiological parameters, including heart rate, skin temperature and skin transpiration, were monitored continuously for 24 h as she went about her activities of daily living. Whilst her skin temperature increased and skin transpiration decreased, unexpectedly there was a significant paradoxical increase in the patient's average heart rate following propranolol treatment. Here, we present a unique case of a paradoxical increase in heart rate response following propranolol treatment for managing dysautonomia in a child with RTT. Further studies are warranted to better understand the underlying dysautonomia in patients with RTT and the impact this might have on treatment strategies in rare disorders such as RTT.
27899087	0	11	Paradoxical	T080	C0205310
27899087	12	35	physiological responses	T033	C1546213
27899087	39	50	propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
27899087	56	69	Rett syndrome	T047	C0035372
27899087	70	77	patient	T101	C0030705
27899087	93	106	Rett Syndrome	T047	C0035372
27899087	108	111	RTT	T047	C0035372
27899087	126	170	loss-of-function in the epigenetic modulator	T043	C2249692
27899087	172	209	X-linked methyl-CpG binding protein 2	T116,T123	C0173924
27899087	211	216	MeCP2	T116,T123	C0173924
27899087	234	255	neurological disorder	T047	C0027765
27899087	285	300	brain functions	T042	C0678908
27899087	302	309	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27899087	318	336	mental retardation	T048	C0025362
27899087	338	346	language	T048	C0023015
27899087	351	372	learning disabilities	T048	C0751265
27899087	374	411	repetitive stereotyped hand movements	T048	C0038273
27899087	416	440	developmental regression	T047	C1836830
27899087	445	454	imbalance	T184	C1397014
27899087	462	473	sympathetic	T022	C0039044
27899087	482	512	parasympathetic nervous system	T022	C0030510
27899087	514	526	dysautonomia	T047	C0013363
27899087	546	562	autonomic storms	T046	C0030660
27899087	591	599	patients	T101	C0030705
27899087	605	608	RTT	T047	C0035372
27899087	627	639	beta blocker	T121	C1254351
27899087	640	651	propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
27899087	676	701	sympathetic hyperactivity	T044	C2267069
27899087	705	713	patients	T101	C0030705
27899087	719	722	RTT	T047	C0035372
27899087	748	751	RTT	T047	C0035372
27899087	772	845	Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases	T093	C0178740
27899087	847	853	CIPPRD	T093	C0178740
27899087	856	902	South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust	T093	C0178740
27899087	908	924	clinical picture	T033	C0422813
27899087	934	954	disordered breathing	T033	C1260922
27899087	960	971	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27899087	972	988	hyperventilation	T033	C0020578
27899087	993	999	apnoea	T046	C0003578
27899087	1001	1009	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
27899087	1011	1020	scoliosis	T190	C0036439
27899087	1022	1024	no	T033	C1513916
27899087	1025	1040	QT prolongation	T033	C0151878
27899087	1074	1091	electrocardiogram	T060	C1623258
27899087	1093	1096	ECG	T060	C1623258
27899087	1139	1141	no	T033	C1513916
27899087	1142	1163	cardiac abnormalities	T019	C0018798
27899087	1165	1176	PR interval	T033	C0429087
27899087	1186	1198	QRS duration	T201	C0488377
27899087	1212	1240	generalised anxiety disorder	T048	C0270549
27899087	1252	1266	Diagnosis Code	T170	C1550350
27899087	1288	1299	constipated	T184	C0009806
27899087	1316	1351	percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy	T061	C0176751
27899087	1353	1356	PEG	T061	C0176751
27899087	1373	1385	dysautonomia	T047	C0013363
27899087	1387	1398	propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
27899087	1446	1470	physiological parameters	T058	C1269723
27899087	1482	1492	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27899087	1494	1510	skin temperature	T061	C0513758
27899087	1515	1519	skin	T022	C1123023
27899087	1520	1533	transpiration	T043	C1326386
27899087	1594	1620	activities of daily living	T056	C0001288
27899087	1633	1659	skin temperature increased	T033	C0232417
27899087	1664	1668	skin	T022	C1123023
27899087	1669	1682	transpiration	T043	C1326386
27899087	1731	1742	paradoxical	T080	C0205310
27899087	1743	1751	increase	T169	C0442805
27899087	1759	1768	patient's	T101	C0030705
27899087	1777	1787	heart rate	T201	C0018810
27899087	1798	1809	propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
27899087	1810	1819	treatment	T169	C0039798
27899087	1857	1868	paradoxical	T080	C0205310
27899087	1869	1877	increase	T169	C0442805
27899087	1881	1900	heart rate response	T201	C1997754
27899087	1911	1922	propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
27899087	1923	1932	treatment	T169	C0039798
27899087	1946	1958	dysautonomia	T047	C0013363
27899087	1964	1969	child	T100	C0008059
27899087	1975	1978	RTT	T047	C0035372
27899087	2046	2058	dysautonomia	T047	C0013363
27899087	2062	2070	patients	T101	C0030705
27899087	2076	2079	RTT	T047	C0035372
27899087	2114	2134	treatment strategies	T061	C0040808
27899087	2143	2152	disorders	T047	C0012634
27899087	2161	2164	RTT	T047	C0035372

27899295|t|Prevalence and correlates of binge eating disorder related features in the community
27899295|a|Binge eating disorder (BED) is associated with high levels of obesity and psychological suffering, but little is known about 1) the distribution of features of BED in the general population and 2) their consequences for weight development and psychological distress in young adulthood. We investigated the prevalence of features of BED and their association with body mass index (BMI) and psychological distress among men (n = 2423) and women (n = 2825) from the longitudinal community-based FinnTwin16 cohort (born 1975-1979). Seven eating -related cognitions and behaviors similar to the defining features of BED were extracted from the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 and were assessed at a mean age of 24. BMI and psychological distress, measured with the General Health Questionnaire, were assessed at ages 24 and 34. We assessed prevalence of the features and their association with BMI and psychological distress cross-sectionally and prospectively. More than half of our participants reported at least one feature of BED; clustering of several features in one individual was less common, particularly among men. The most frequently reported feature was ' stuffing oneself with food ', whereas the least common was ' eating or drinking in secrecy '. All individual features of BED and their clustering particularly were associated with higher BMI and more psychological distress cross-sectionally. Prospectively, the clustering of features of BED predicted increase in psychological distress but not additional weight gain when baseline BMI was accounted for. In summary, although some features of BED were common, the clustering of several features in one individual was not. The features were cumulatively associated with BMI and psychological distress and predicted further increase in psychological distress over ten years of follow-up.
27899295	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
27899295	15	25	correlates	T080	C1707520
27899295	29	50	binge eating disorder	T048	C0596170
27899295	59	67	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	75	84	community	T096	C0009462
27899295	85	106	Binge eating disorder	T048	C0596170
27899295	108	111	BED	T048	C0596170
27899295	116	131	associated with	T080	C0332281
27899295	132	136	high	T080	C0205250
27899295	137	143	levels	T080	C0441889
27899295	147	154	obesity	T047	C0028754
27899295	159	182	psychological suffering	T048	C0815107
27899295	217	229	distribution	T169	C1704711
27899295	233	241	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	245	248	BED	T048	C0596170
27899295	256	274	general population	T098	C0683971
27899295	305	311	weight	T032	C0005910
27899295	312	323	development	T169	C1527148
27899295	328	350	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27899295	354	369	young adulthood	T100	C0680085
27899295	374	386	investigated	T169	C1292732
27899295	391	401	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27899295	405	413	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	417	420	BED	T048	C0596170
27899295	431	442	association	T080	C0439849
27899295	448	463	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27899295	465	468	BMI	T201	C1305855
27899295	474	496	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27899295	503	506	men	T098	C0025266
27899295	522	527	women	T098	C0043210
27899295	548	594	longitudinal community-based FinnTwin16 cohort	T081	C0009247
27899295	619	625	eating	T040	C0013470
27899295	635	645	cognitions	T041	C0009240
27899295	650	659	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27899295	684	692	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	696	699	BED	T048	C0596170
27899295	724	751	Eating Disorder Inventory-2	T170	C0451138
27899295	780	783	age	T032	C0001779
27899295	791	794	BMI	T201	C1305855
27899295	799	821	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27899295	841	869	General Health Questionnaire	T060	C0451182
27899295	876	884	assessed	T052	C1516048
27899295	888	892	ages	T032	C0001779
27899295	916	926	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27899295	934	942	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	953	964	association	T080	C0439849
27899295	970	973	BMI	T201	C1305855
27899295	978	1000	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27899295	1001	1018	cross-sectionally	T062	C0010362
27899295	1023	1036	prospectively	T062	C0033522
27899295	1060	1072	participants	T098	C0679646
27899295	1095	1102	feature	T080	C2348519
27899295	1106	1109	BED	T048	C0596170
27899295	1111	1121	clustering	T081	C1704332
27899295	1133	1141	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	1149	1159	individual	T098	C0237401
27899295	1196	1199	men	T098	C0025266
27899295	1230	1237	feature	T080	C2348519
27899295	1244	1270	stuffing oneself with food	T033	C0243095
27899295	1305	1334	eating or drinking in secrecy	T033	C0243095
27899295	1342	1352	individual	T098	C0237401
27899295	1353	1361	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	1365	1368	BED	T048	C0596170
27899295	1379	1389	clustering	T081	C1704332
27899295	1408	1423	associated with	T080	C0332281
27899295	1431	1434	BMI	T201	C1305855
27899295	1444	1466	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27899295	1467	1484	cross-sectionally	T082	C1254362
27899295	1486	1499	Prospectively	T082	C1254362
27899295	1505	1515	clustering	T081	C1704332
27899295	1519	1527	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	1531	1534	BED	T048	C0596170
27899295	1557	1579	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27899295	1599	1610	weight gain	T033	C0043094
27899295	1616	1624	baseline	T081	C1442488
27899295	1625	1628	BMI	T201	C1305855
27899295	1674	1682	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	1686	1689	BED	T048	C0596170
27899295	1695	1701	common	T081	C0205214
27899295	1707	1717	clustering	T081	C1704332
27899295	1729	1737	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	1745	1755	individual	T098	C0237401
27899295	1769	1777	features	T080	C2348519
27899295	1796	1811	associated with	T080	C0332281
27899295	1812	1815	BMI	T201	C1305855
27899295	1820	1842	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27899295	1877	1899	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
27899295	1909	1914	years	T079	C0439234
27899295	1918	1927	follow-up	T058	C1522577

27899384|t|Rifampicin - induced adrenal crisis in a patient with tuberculosis: a therapeutic challenge
27899384|a|A 55-year-old Indian man presented with productive cough and a large left pleural effusion. Pleural fluid culture grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and he was started on antituberculosis therapy. One week later, the patient presented to hospital with drowsiness, dehydration and hypotension. He was transferred to critical care and only improved after starting hydrocortisone and stopping rifampicin. His short synACTHen test subsequently confirmed primary adrenal insufficiency, and a CT of the abdomen showed bilateral adrenal enlargement. Rifampicin is known to accelerate cortisol metabolism. We report the rare case of a rifampicin - induced adrenal crisis as a first presentation of Addison's disease in a patient with tuberculous infiltration of the adrenal glands.
27899384	0	10	Rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27899384	13	20	induced	T169	C0205263
27899384	21	35	adrenal crisis	T047	C0151467
27899384	41	48	patient	T101	C0030705
27899384	54	66	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27899384	70	81	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27899384	82	91	challenge	T058	C0805586
27899384	94	105	55-year-old	T100	C0001675
27899384	113	116	man	T032	C0086582
27899384	132	148	productive cough	T184	C0239134
27899384	161	182	left pleural effusion	T046	C2063367
27899384	184	205	Pleural fluid culture	T059	C1536153
27899384	206	210	grew	T067	C2911660
27899384	211	237	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27899384	261	285	antituberculosis therapy	T061	C0087111
27899384	291	295	week	T079	C0439230
27899384	307	314	patient	T101	C0030705
27899384	328	336	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27899384	342	352	drowsiness	T033	C0013144
27899384	354	365	dehydration	T047	C0011175
27899384	370	381	hypotension	T033	C0020649
27899384	405	418	critical care	T078	C1547136
27899384	428	436	improved	T033	C0184511
27899384	443	451	starting	T079	C0439659
27899384	452	466	hydrocortisone	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
27899384	471	479	stopping	T079	C2746065
27899384	480	490	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27899384	496	516	short synACTHen test	T059	C0430144
27899384	540	569	primary adrenal insufficiency	T047	C3887896
27899384	577	579	CT	T060	C0040405
27899384	587	594	abdomen	T029	C0000726
27899384	602	619	bilateral adrenal	T023	C1621382
27899384	620	631	enlargement	T190	C2711450
27899384	633	643	Rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27899384	656	666	accelerate	T169	C0521110
27899384	667	686	cortisol metabolism	T044	C2612767
27899384	717	727	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27899384	730	737	induced	T169	C0205263
27899384	738	752	adrenal crisis	T047	C0151467
27899384	780	797	Addison's disease	T047	C0001403
27899384	803	810	patient	T101	C0030705
27899384	816	827	tuberculous	T047	C0041296
27899384	828	840	infiltration	T046	C0332448
27899384	848	862	adrenal glands	T023	C0001625

27899941|t|Influence of increased epicardial adipose tissue volume on 1-year in-stent restenosis in patients who received coronary stent implantation
27899941|a|Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is significantly associated with the formation and composition of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, cardiac events and the clinical prognosis of coronary heart disease. But, whether increased EAT deposition may affect the incidence of in-stent restenosis (ISR) is currently unclear. This study used coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) as a mean to investigate whether increased EAT volume was associated with ISR. A total of 364 patients who underwent 64-slice CCTA examination for the evaluation of suspected coronary artery disease, and subsequently underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for the first time, and then accepted coronary angiography (CA) follow-up for ISR examination in one year, were retrospectively included in this study. EAT volume was measured by CCTA examination. CA follow-up was obtained between 9 and 15 months. ISR was deﬁned as ≥ 50% luminal diameter narrowing of the stent segment or peri-stent segment. EAT volume was compared between patients with and without ISR and additional well-known predictors of ISR were compared. EAT volume was signiﬁcantly increased in patients with ISR compared with those without ISR (154.5 ± 74.6 mL vs. 131.0 ± 52.2 mL, P < 0.001). The relation between ISR and EAT volume remained signiﬁcant after adjustment for conventional cardiovascular risk factors and angiographic parameters. EAT volume was related with ISR and may provide additional information for future ISR.
27899941	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
27899941	13	22	increased	T081	C0205217
27899941	23	48	epicardial adipose tissue	T024	C0504196
27899941	49	55	volume	T081	C0449468
27899941	59	65	1-year	T079	C4082117
27899941	66	85	in-stent restenosis	T046	C3272317
27899941	89	97	patients	T101	C0030705
27899941	102	110	received	T080	C1514756
27899941	111	125	coronary stent	T074	C0687568
27899941	126	138	implantation	T061	C0021107
27899941	139	164	Epicardial adipose tissue	T024	C0504196
27899941	166	169	EAT	T024	C0504196
27899941	174	187	significantly	T078	C0750502
27899941	188	203	associated with	T080	C0332281
27899941	208	217	formation	T169	C1522492
27899941	222	233	composition	T201	C0486616
27899941	237	261	coronary atherosclerotic	T047	C0010054
27899941	262	268	plaque	T033	C0332461
27899941	270	284	cardiac events	T047	C0741923
27899941	293	311	clinical prognosis	T058	C0033325
27899941	315	337	coronary heart disease	T047	C0010068
27899941	352	361	increased	T081	C0205217
27899941	362	365	EAT	T024	C0504196
27899941	366	376	deposition	T169	C0333562
27899941	392	401	incidence	T081	C0021149
27899941	405	424	in-stent restenosis	T046	C3272317
27899941	426	429	ISR	T046	C3272317
27899941	434	443	currently	T079	C0521116
27899941	444	451	unclear	T033	C3845108
27899941	458	463	study	T062	C0681814
27899941	469	509	coronary computed tomography angiography	T060	C1634617
27899941	511	515	CCTA	T060	C1634617
27899941	522	526	mean	T081	C0444504
27899941	530	541	investigate	T169	C1292732
27899941	550	559	increased	T081	C0205217
27899941	560	563	EAT	T024	C0504196
27899941	564	570	volume	T081	C0449468
27899941	575	590	associated with	T080	C0332281
27899941	591	594	ISR	T046	C3272317
27899941	598	603	total	T080	C0439810
27899941	611	619	patients	T101	C0030705
27899941	634	647	64-slice CCTA	T060	C1634617
27899941	648	659	examination	T058	C0582103
27899941	668	678	evaluation	T052	C1516048
27899941	682	691	suspected	T078	C0750491
27899941	692	715	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010068
27899941	721	733	subsequently	T079	C0332282
27899941	744	778	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
27899941	780	783	PCI	T061	C1532338
27899941	814	822	accepted	T080	C1272684
27899941	823	843	coronary angiography	T060	C0085532
27899941	845	847	CA	T060	C0085532
27899941	849	858	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27899941	863	866	ISR	T046	C3272317
27899941	867	878	examination	T058	C0582103
27899941	882	890	one year	T079	C4082117
27899941	913	921	included	T169	C0332257
27899941	930	935	study	T062	C0681814
27899941	937	940	EAT	T024	C0504196
27899941	941	947	volume	T081	C0449468
27899941	964	968	CCTA	T060	C1634617
27899941	969	980	examination	T058	C0582103
27899941	982	984	CA	T060	C0085532
27899941	985	994	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27899941	999	1007	obtained	T169	C1301820
27899941	1025	1031	months	T079	C0439231
27899941	1033	1036	ISR	T046	C3272317
27899941	1057	1064	luminal	T082	C0524462
27899941	1065	1073	diameter	T081	C1301886
27899941	1074	1083	narrowing	T080	C0333164
27899941	1091	1104	stent segment	T074	C0038257
27899941	1108	1126	peri-stent segment	T074	C0038257
27899941	1128	1131	EAT	T024	C0504196
27899941	1132	1138	volume	T081	C0449468
27899941	1143	1151	compared	T052	C1707455
27899941	1160	1168	patients	T101	C0030705
27899941	1178	1185	without	T080	C0332288
27899941	1186	1189	ISR	T046	C3272317
27899941	1194	1204	additional	T169	C1524062
27899941	1216	1226	predictors	T078	C2698872
27899941	1230	1233	ISR	T046	C3272317
27899941	1239	1247	compared	T052	C1707455
27899941	1249	1252	EAT	T024	C0504196
27899941	1253	1259	volume	T081	C0449468
27899941	1264	1286	signiﬁcantly increased	T081	C0205217
27899941	1290	1298	patients	T101	C0030705
27899941	1304	1307	ISR	T046	C3272317
27899941	1308	1316	compared	T052	C1707455
27899941	1328	1335	without	T080	C0332288
27899941	1336	1339	ISR	T046	C3272317
27899941	1394	1402	relation	T080	C0439849
27899941	1411	1414	ISR	T046	C3272317
27899941	1419	1422	EAT	T024	C0504196
27899941	1423	1429	volume	T081	C0449468
27899941	1430	1449	remained signiﬁcant	T078	C0750502
27899941	1450	1455	after	T079	C0687676
27899941	1471	1483	conventional	T080	C0439858
27899941	1484	1511	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
27899941	1516	1539	angiographic parameters	T077	C0549193
27899941	1541	1544	EAT	T024	C0504196
27899941	1545	1551	volume	T081	C0449468
27899941	1556	1563	related	T080	C0439849
27899941	1569	1572	ISR	T046	C3272317
27899941	1581	1588	provide	T052	C1999230
27899941	1589	1611	additional information	T079	C1546922
27899941	1616	1622	future	T079	C0016884
27899941	1623	1626	ISR	T046	C3272317

27900080|t|Effect of an immunomodulatory regimen for cancer prevention: A case report
27900080|a|In the present case study, an immunomodulatory regimen for cancer prevention is reported. A patient with an abnormally high level of the tumor markers, carbohydrate antigen-724 (CA724), CA19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), although without any detectable tumor, was treated with an immunomodulatory therapy featuring an infusion of cytokine-induced autologous killer cells (CIKs) at the request of the patient. Following the therapy, the three tumor markers rapidly decreased to below the normal reference level, although there still were slight fluctuations within a narrow range frequently. The patient was monitored for 21 months to the present day and no abnormality was observed. The results indicated that this therapy may be applied as a novel strategy that is effective and reliable for cancer prevention. As there is no promising regimen for the prevention of malignancies to date, such a treatment may become a major cancer prophylactic regimen, particularly for patients who are at a high risk of cancer.
27900080	0	9	Effect of	T080	C1704420
27900080	13	37	immunomodulatory regimen	T061	C1963758
27900080	42	59	cancer prevention	T061	C0281206
27900080	63	74	case report	T170	C0085973
27900080	82	89	present	T033	C0150312
27900080	90	100	case study	T170	C0085973
27900080	105	129	immunomodulatory regimen	T061	C1963758
27900080	134	151	cancer prevention	T061	C0281206
27900080	155	163	reported	T058	C0700287
27900080	167	174	patient	T101	C0030705
27900080	183	198	abnormally high	T080	C1299351
27900080	199	204	level	T080	C0441889
27900080	212	225	tumor markers	T123	C0041365
27900080	227	251	carbohydrate antigen-724	T109,T129	C0248054
27900080	253	258	CA724	T109,T129	C0248054
27900080	261	267	CA19-9	T109,T129	C0006613
27900080	272	296	carcinoembryonic antigen	T116,T129	C0007082
27900080	298	301	CEA	T116,T129	C0007082
27900080	313	320	without	T080	C0332288
27900080	325	335	detectable	T201	C3830527
27900080	336	341	tumor	T191	C0027651
27900080	347	359	treated with	T061	C0332293
27900080	363	387	immunomodulatory therapy	T061	C1963758
27900080	401	409	infusion	T061	C0574032
27900080	413	453	cytokine-induced autologous killer cells	T025	C2348032
27900080	455	459	CIKs	T025	C2348032
27900080	468	475	request	T052	C1272683
27900080	483	490	patient	T101	C0030705
27900080	506	513	therapy	T061	C0087111
27900080	525	538	tumor markers	T123	C0041365
27900080	539	546	rapidly	T080	C0456962
27900080	547	556	decreased	T081	C0205216
27900080	570	592	normal reference level	T081	C0086715
27900080	620	626	slight	T080	C2937276
27900080	627	639	fluctuations	T079	C0231241
27900080	649	655	narrow	T080	C0333164
27900080	656	661	range	T081	C1514721
27900080	662	672	frequently	T079	C0332183
27900080	678	685	patient	T101	C0030705
27900080	690	699	monitored	T058	C0150369
27900080	707	713	months	T079	C0439231
27900080	721	728	present	T033	C0150312
27900080	729	732	day	T079	C0439228
27900080	737	751	no abnormality	T033	C3809765
27900080	756	764	observed	T169	C1441672
27900080	770	777	results	T033	C0808233
27900080	798	805	therapy	T061	C0087111
27900080	826	831	novel	T080	C0205314
27900080	849	858	effective	T080	C1704419
27900080	863	871	reliable	T080	C0205556
27900080	876	893	cancer prevention	T061	C0281206
27900080	920	927	regimen	T061	C0087111
27900080	936	962	prevention of malignancies	T061	C0281206
27900080	979	988	treatment	T061	C0087111
27900080	1002	1007	major	T080	C0205164
27900080	1008	1014	cancer	T191	C0006826
27900080	1015	1035	prophylactic regimen	T061	C0199176
27900080	1054	1062	patients	T101	C0030705
27900080	1076	1088	high risk of	T033	C0332167
27900080	1089	1095	cancer	T191	C0006826

27900096|t|Huge retroperitoneal liposarcoma with renal involvement requires nephrectomy: A case report and literature review
27900096|a|A 60-year-old female visited Guihang Guiyang Hospital (Guiyang, China). She presented with abdominal pain in the right side for the previous 2-months, with a touchable mass identified for the previous 1-month. Computed tomography with magnetic resonance imaging revealed a huge mass in the right abdomen. The diagnosis of well-differentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma with renal involvement was made. During surgery, the tumor was removed, including the fatty renal capsule; however, the kidney was preserved. It is currently debatable whether resection of adjacent organs is required to obtain the negative margins. Conventional viewpoints advise that multi-organ resection is required in order to obtain the negative-margin. However, even if an R0 resection is achieved, the local recurrence rate remains markedly high. Additionally, the complications of organ resection have more impact on patients. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are an important adjuvant method for these patients. In conclusion, retroperitoneal liposarcoma is a rare disease with a high rate of recurrence. Complete resection is the predominant treatment; however, combined resection of adjacent organs must be considered.
27900096	0	4	Huge	T081	C0549177
27900096	5	32	retroperitoneal liposarcoma	T191	C2063389
27900096	38	43	renal	T023	C0022646
27900096	44	55	involvement	T169	C1314939
27900096	56	64	requires	T080	C0027552
27900096	65	76	nephrectomy	T061	C0027695
27900096	80	91	case report	T170	C0085973
27900096	96	113	literature review	T170	C0282441
27900096	128	134	female	T098	C0043210
27900096	135	142	visited	T058	C1512346
27900096	143	167	Guihang Guiyang Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27900096	169	176	Guiyang	UnknownType	C0681784
27900096	178	183	China	T083	C0008115
27900096	190	199	presented	T078	C0449450
27900096	205	219	abdominal pain	T184	C0000737
27900096	227	237	right side	T082	C0205090
27900096	246	254	previous	T079	C0205156
27900096	255	263	2-months	T079	C1442456
27900096	282	286	mass	T033	C3273930
27900096	287	297	identified	T080	C0205396
27900096	306	314	previous	T079	C0205156
27900096	315	322	1-month	T079	C1442451
27900096	324	343	Computed tomography	T060	C0040405
27900096	349	375	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27900096	376	384	revealed	T080	C0443289
27900096	387	391	huge	T081	C0549177
27900096	392	396	mass	T033	C3273930
27900096	404	417	right abdomen	T029	C0000726
27900096	423	432	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27900096	436	455	well-differentiated	T080	C0205615
27900096	456	483	retroperitoneal liposarcoma	T191	C2063389
27900096	489	494	renal	T023	C0022646
27900096	495	506	involvement	T169	C1314939
27900096	517	531	During surgery	T079	C1507227
27900096	537	542	tumor	T033	C3273930
27900096	547	554	removed	T080	C0849355
27900096	556	565	including	T169	C0332257
27900096	570	589	fatty renal capsule	T023	C0227616
27900096	604	610	kidney	T023	C0022646
27900096	615	624	preserved	T169	C0728887
27900096	632	641	currently	T079	C0521116
27900096	642	651	debatable	T052	C0870392
27900096	660	669	resection	T061	C0728940
27900096	673	688	adjacent organs	T023	C0178784
27900096	692	700	required	T169	C1514873
27900096	704	710	obtain	T169	C1301820
27900096	715	731	negative margins	T033	C1709157
27900096	733	756	Conventional viewpoints	T170	C0282411
27900096	757	763	advise	T052	C1828381
27900096	769	790	multi-organ resection	T061	C0728940
27900096	794	802	required	T169	C1514873
27900096	815	821	obtain	T169	C1301820
27900096	826	841	negative-margin	T033	C1709157
27900096	863	875	R0 resection	T061	C0728940
27900096	893	914	local recurrence rate	T033	C1846661
27900096	923	931	markedly	T080	C0522501
27900096	932	936	high	T080	C0205250
27900096	938	950	Additionally	T169	C1524062
27900096	956	969	complications	T046	C0009566
27900096	973	978	organ	T023	C0178784
27900096	979	988	resection	T061	C0728940
27900096	994	1005	more impact	T080	C4049986
27900096	1009	1017	patients	T101	C0030705
27900096	1019	1031	Radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27900096	1036	1048	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27900096	1056	1065	important	T080	C3898777
27900096	1066	1074	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
27900096	1075	1081	method	T169	C0449851
27900096	1092	1100	patients	T101	C0030705
27900096	1105	1115	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27900096	1117	1144	retroperitoneal liposarcoma	T191	C2063389
27900096	1150	1162	rare disease	T047	C0678236
27900096	1170	1193	high rate of recurrence	T033	C1846661
27900096	1195	1203	Complete	T080	C0205197
27900096	1204	1213	resection	T061	C0728940
27900096	1221	1242	predominant treatment	T061	C0087111
27900096	1253	1261	combined	T080	C0205195
27900096	1262	1271	resection	T061	C0728940
27900096	1275	1290	adjacent organs	T023	C0178784
27900096	1299	1309	considered	T078	C0750591

27900133|t|The relationships between rugby players' tackle training attitudes and behaviour and their match tackle attitudes and behaviour
27900133|a|The tackle event in rugby is a technical and physical contest between opposing players. A player's ability to tolerate and contest during a tackle is a prerequisite for safe participation and success in rugby. Little is known about the relationship between tackle training and tackling in matches in rugby union. Therefore, we investigated the relationships between players' training attitudes and behaviour and their match attitudes and behaviour for tackling in rugby union. A questionnaire was designed to assess attitude (importance) and behaviours (frequency and quantity) among junior (under 19) players on a 5-point Likert Scale. Questionnaires were handed out to 220 players (10 schools) at a tournament and 75% (9 schools, n=164) were returned for analysis. Associations between training attitudes and behaviours were tested using the χ(2) test, Cramer's V and τ-b. The more time spent on emphasising proper technique to prevent injuries in training, the more important players rated 'own safety' (τ-b=0.21, moderate, z=3.1, p<0.01), 'going for the ball only' (τ-b=0.27, moderate, z=4.6, p<0.001) and 'staying on feet' (τ-b=0.23, moderate, z=3.6, p<0.001) in match play. The more time spent on emphasising proper technique to improve performance in training, the more important players rated actions 'going for ball only' (τ-b=0.23, moderate, z=3.7, p<0.001) and ' preventing the ball carrier from retaining position ' (τ-b=0.20, moderate, z=3.1, p<0.01) in match play. This is the first study to report on the relationships between players ' training attitudes and behaviour and their match attitudes and behaviour s for tackling in rugby union. The importance of tackle training to prevent injury, and the amount of time spent on technique to prevent injuries, was associated with behaviours that reduce the risk of injury in matches.
27900133	4	17	relationships	T080	C0439849
27900133	26	31	rugby	T056	C0035945
27900133	32	40	players'	T098	C0679646
27900133	41	47	tackle	T053	C0018578
27900133	48	56	training	T065	C0220931
27900133	57	66	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27900133	71	80	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27900133	91	113	match tackle attitudes	T041	C0004271
27900133	118	127	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27900133	132	138	tackle	T053	C0018578
27900133	148	153	rugby	T056	C0035945
27900133	159	168	technical	T080	C0205556
27900133	173	181	physical	T169	C0205485
27900133	182	189	contest	T056	C0040595
27900133	207	214	players	T098	C0679646
27900133	218	226	player's	T098	C0679646
27900133	238	246	tolerate	T054	C0680282
27900133	251	258	contest	T056	C0040595
27900133	268	274	tackle	T053	C0018578
27900133	280	292	prerequisite	T078	C0679209
27900133	297	301	safe	UnknownType	C0814103
27900133	302	315	participation	T169	C0679823
27900133	320	327	success	T054	C0597535
27900133	331	336	rugby	T056	C0035945
27900133	364	376	relationship	T080	C0439849
27900133	385	400	tackle training	T065	C0220931
27900133	405	413	tackling	T053	C0018578
27900133	417	424	matches	T056	C0150593
27900133	428	439	rugby union	T056	C0035945
27900133	455	467	investigated	T169	C1292732
27900133	472	485	relationships	T080	C0439849
27900133	494	502	players'	T098	C0679646
27900133	503	521	training attitudes	T041	C0004271
27900133	526	535	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27900133	546	561	match attitudes	T041	C0004271
27900133	566	575	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27900133	580	588	tackling	T053	C0018578
27900133	592	603	rugby union	T056	C0035945
27900133	607	620	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27900133	637	643	assess	T058	C0184514
27900133	644	652	attitude	T041	C0004271
27900133	670	680	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27900133	682	691	frequency	T080	C1561548
27900133	696	704	quantity	T081	C1265611
27900133	712	718	junior	T078	C1708595
27900133	730	737	players	T098	C0679646
27900133	743	763	5-point Likert Scale	T170	C0451267
27900133	765	779	Questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27900133	803	810	players	T098	C0679646
27900133	815	822	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
27900133	829	839	tournament	T056	C0040595
27900133	851	858	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
27900133	885	893	analysis	T062	C0936012
27900133	895	907	Associations	T041	C0004083
27900133	916	934	training attitudes	T041	C0004271
27900133	939	949	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27900133	955	961	tested	T169	C0039593
27900133	972	1001	χ(2) test, Cramer's V and τ-b	T170	C0392366
27900133	1045	1054	technique	T169	C0449851
27900133	1058	1065	prevent	T080	C2700409
27900133	1066	1074	injuries	T037	C0004161
27900133	1078	1086	training	T065	C0220931
27900133	1107	1114	players	T098	C0679646
27900133	1145	1153	moderate	T080	C0205081
27900133	1186	1190	ball	T073	C1706910
27900133	1208	1216	moderate	T080	C0205081
27900133	1267	1275	moderate	T080	C0205081
27900133	1296	1306	match play	T056	C0150593
27900133	1350	1359	technique	T169	C0449851
27900133	1363	1370	improve	T033	C0184511
27900133	1371	1382	performance	T052	C1882330
27900133	1386	1394	training	T065	C0220931
27900133	1415	1422	players	T098	C0679646
27900133	1448	1452	ball	T073	C1706910
27900133	1470	1478	moderate	T080	C0205081
27900133	1502	1512	preventing	T080	C2700409
27900133	1517	1521	ball	T073	C1706910
27900133	1535	1544	retaining	T169	C0333118
27900133	1545	1553	position	T082	C0733755
27900133	1567	1575	moderate	T080	C0205081
27900133	1595	1605	match play	T056	C0150593
27900133	1625	1630	study	T062	C2603343
27900133	1648	1661	relationships	T080	C0439849
27900133	1670	1677	players	T098	C0679646
27900133	1680	1698	training attitudes	T041	C0004271
27900133	1703	1712	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27900133	1723	1738	match attitudes	T041	C0004271
27900133	1743	1752	behaviour	T053	C0004927
27900133	1759	1767	tackling	T053	C0018578
27900133	1771	1782	rugby union	T056	C0035945
27900133	1802	1808	tackle	T053	C0018578
27900133	1809	1817	training	T065	C0220931
27900133	1821	1828	prevent	T080	C2700409
27900133	1829	1835	injury	T037	C0004161
27900133	1869	1878	technique	T169	C0449851
27900133	1882	1889	prevent	T080	C2700409
27900133	1890	1898	injuries	T037	C0004161
27900133	1904	1919	associated with	T080	C0332281
27900133	1920	1930	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27900133	1936	1942	reduce	T080	C0392756
27900133	1947	1961	risk of injury	T033	C0582456
27900133	1965	1972	matches	T056	C0150593

27900888|t|Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to eliminate native plasmids of Zymomonas mobilis ZM4
27900888|a|The CRISPR/Cas system can be used to simply and efficiently edit the genomes of various species, including animals, plants, and microbes. Zymomonas mobilis ZM4 is a highly efficient, ethanol -producing bacterium that contains five native plasmids. Here, we constructed the pSUZM2a-Cas9 plasmid and a single-guide RNA expression plasmid. The pSUZM2a-Cas9 plasmid was used to express the Cas9 gene cloned from Streptococcus pyogenes CICC 10464. The single-guide RNA expression plasmid pUC-T7sgRNA, with a T7 promoter, can be used for the in vitro synthesis of single-guide RNAs. This system was successfully employed to knockout the upp gene of Escherichia coli and the replicase genes of native Z. mobilis plasmids. This is the first study to apply the CRISPR/Cas9 system of S. pyogenes to eliminate native plasmids in Z. mobilis. It provides a new method for plasmid curing and paves the way for the genomic engineering of Z. mobilis.
27900888	10	28	CRISPR/Cas9 system	T044	C3658355
27900888	42	48	native	T169	C0302891
27900888	49	57	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
27900888	61	78	Zymomonas mobilis	T007	C0162736
27900888	79	82	ZM4	T007	C0162736
27900888	87	104	CRISPR/Cas system	T044	C3658355
27900888	143	159	edit the genomes	T063	C4279981
27900888	171	178	species	T185	C1705920
27900888	190	197	animals	T008	C0003062
27900888	199	205	plants	T002	C0032098
27900888	211	219	microbes	T001	C0445623
27900888	221	238	Zymomonas mobilis	T007	C0162736
27900888	239	242	ZM4	T007	C0162736
27900888	255	264	efficient	T080	C0442799
27900888	266	273	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
27900888	285	294	bacterium	T007	C0004611
27900888	314	320	native	T169	C0302891
27900888	321	329	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
27900888	356	376	pSUZM2a-Cas9 plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27900888	383	418	single-guide RNA expression plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27900888	424	444	pSUZM2a-Cas9 plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27900888	469	478	Cas9 gene	T028	C0017337
27900888	479	485	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
27900888	491	524	Streptococcus pyogenes CICC 10464	T007	C0038411
27900888	530	565	single-guide RNA expression plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27900888	566	577	pUC-T7sgRNA	T114,T123	C0032136
27900888	586	597	T7 promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
27900888	641	658	single-guide RNAs	T114	C0035668
27900888	701	709	knockout	T063	C0599772
27900888	714	722	upp gene	T028	C1421363
27900888	726	742	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27900888	751	760	replicase	T116,T126	C0178827
27900888	761	766	genes	T028	C0017337
27900888	770	776	native	T169	C0302891
27900888	777	787	Z. mobilis	T007	C0162736
27900888	788	796	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
27900888	816	821	study	T062	C2603343
27900888	835	853	CRISPR/Cas9 system	T044	C3658355
27900888	857	868	S. pyogenes	T007	C0038411
27900888	882	888	native	T169	C0302891
27900888	889	897	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
27900888	901	911	Z. mobilis	T007	C0162736
27900888	983	1002	genomic engineering	T063	C0017387
27900888	1006	1016	Z. mobilis	T007	C0162736

27901092|t|A Microfluidic Platform to design crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles (cHANPs) for enhanced MRI
27901092|a|Recent advancements in imaging diagnostics have focused on the use of nanostructures that entrap Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Contrast Agents (CAs), without the need to chemically modify the clinically approved compounds. Nevertheless, the exploitation of microfluidic platforms for their controlled and continuous production is still missing. Here, a microfluidic platform is used to synthesize crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid NanoParticles (cHANPs) in which a clinically relevant MRI - CAs, gadolinium diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (Gd-DTPA), is entrapped. This microfluidic process facilitates a high degree of control over particle synthesis, enabling the production of monodisperse particles as small as 35 nm. Furthermore, the interference of Gd-DTPA during polymer precipitation is overcome by finely tuning process parameters and leveraging the use of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of surfactants and pH conditions. For both production strategies proposed to design Gd -loaded cHANPs, a boosting of the relaxation rate T1 is observed since a T1 of 1562 is achieved with a 10 μM of Gd -loaded cHANPs while a similar value is reached with 100 μM of the relevant clinical Gd-DTPA in solution. The advanced microfluidic platform to synthesize intravascularly - injectable and completely biocompatible hydrogel nanoparticles entrapping clinically approved CAs enables the implementation of straightforward and scalable strategies in diagnostics and therapy applications.
27901092	2	14	Microfluidic	T090	C1257867
27901092	27	33	design	T052	C1707689
27901092	34	75	crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27901092	77	83	cHANPs	T073	C1450054
27901092	89	101	enhanced MRI	T060	C1707501
27901092	102	108	Recent	T079	C0332185
27901092	109	121	advancements	T079	C3854260
27901092	125	144	imaging diagnostics	T060	C0011923
27901092	172	186	nanostructures	T073	C1450053
27901092	199	225	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C0024485
27901092	227	230	MRI	T060	C0024485
27901092	232	247	Contrast Agents	T130	C0009924
27901092	249	252	CAs	T130	C0009924
27901092	275	285	chemically	T103	C0220806
27901092	286	292	modify	T169	C0392747
27901092	297	307	clinically	T080	C0205210
27901092	308	316	approved	T080	C0205540
27901092	317	326	compounds	T103	C1706082
27901092	362	384	microfluidic platforms	T090	C1257867
27901092	395	405	controlled	T169	C2587213
27901092	410	420	continuous	T078	C0549178
27901092	421	431	production	T052	C1883254
27901092	458	479	microfluidic platform	T090	C1257867
27901092	491	501	synthesize	T052	C1883254
27901092	502	543	crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid NanoParticles	T073	C1450054
27901092	545	551	cHANPs	T073	C1450054
27901092	564	574	clinically	T080	C0205210
27901092	575	583	relevant	T080	C2347946
27901092	584	587	MRI	T060	C0024485
27901092	590	593	CAs	T130	C0009924
27901092	595	642	gadolinium diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid	T109,T130	C0060933
27901092	644	651	Gd-DTPA	T109,T130	C0060933
27901092	673	685	microfluidic	T090	C1257867
27901092	686	693	process	T067	C1522240
27901092	713	719	degree	T080	C0441889
27901092	723	730	control	T169	C2587213
27901092	736	744	particle	T073	C1450054
27901092	745	754	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27901092	769	779	production	T052	C1883254
27901092	783	805	monodisperse particles	T073	C1450054
27901092	842	854	interference	T169	C0521102
27901092	858	865	Gd-DTPA	T109,T130	C0060933
27901092	873	880	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
27901092	881	894	precipitation	T070	C0032931
27901092	924	931	process	T067	C1522240
27901092	932	942	parameters	T077	C0549193
27901092	969	999	hydrophilic-lipophilic balance	T081	C0392762
27901092	1001	1004	HLB	T081	C0392762
27901092	1009	1020	surfactants	T120	C0038891
27901092	1025	1027	pH	T081	C0020283
27901092	1028	1038	conditions	T080	C0348080
27901092	1049	1059	production	T052	C1883254
27901092	1083	1089	design	T052	C1707689
27901092	1090	1092	Gd	T109,T130	C0060933
27901092	1101	1107	cHANPs	T073	C1450054
27901092	1127	1145	relaxation rate T1	T081	C2697937
27901092	1166	1168	T1	T081	C2697937
27901092	1205	1207	Gd	T109,T130	C0060933
27901092	1216	1222	cHANPs	T073	C1450054
27901092	1239	1244	value	T081	C1522609
27901092	1275	1283	relevant	T080	C2347946
27901092	1284	1292	clinical	T080	C0205210
27901092	1293	1300	Gd-DTPA	T109,T130	C0060933
27901092	1304	1312	solution	T167	C0037633
27901092	1327	1339	microfluidic	T090	C1257867
27901092	1363	1378	intravascularly	T082	C0442123
27901092	1381	1391	injectable	T122	C1272883
27901092	1407	1429	biocompatible hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
27901092	1430	1443	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27901092	1455	1465	clinically	T080	C0205210
27901092	1466	1474	approved	T080	C0205540
27901092	1475	1478	CAs	T130	C0009924
27901092	1491	1505	implementation	T052	C1708476
27901092	1552	1563	diagnostics	T080	C1704338
27901092	1568	1575	therapy	T061	C0087111
27901092	1576	1588	applications	T169	C4048755

27902303|t|Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L
27902303|a|A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic actinobacterial strain (designated SYP-A7299T), which displayed a rod-coccus growth lifecycle, was isolated from the rhizosphere of Ginkgo biloba L. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYP-A7299T belongs to the genus Arthrobacter and is most closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T (97.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The DNA - DNA relatedness value between strain SYP-A7299T and A. halodurans JSM 078085T was 37 % ±2.9. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was A4α, and glucose and galactose were whole-cell sugars. The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two glycolipids and an unknown polar lipid. The major menaquinone were MK-8(H2) (72 %) and MK-9(H2) (28 %), and the predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15: 0, iso-C15: 0 and anteiso-C17: 0. The DNA G+C content was 68.9 mol%. Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characters presented in this study, strain SYP-A7299T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SYP-A7299T (=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T).
27902303	0	31	Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. nov.	T007	C0003876
27902303	36	48	actinomycete	T007	C0600148
27902303	49	57	isolated	T169	C0205409
27902303	63	74	rhizosphere	T070	C2936389
27902303	78	93	Ginkgo biloba L	T002	C0330206
27902303	96	115	Gram-stain-positive	T034	C0855278
27902303	117	124	aerobic	T080	C1510824
27902303	125	147	actinobacterial strain	T007	C0600148
27902303	160	170	SYP-A7299T	T007	C0003876
27902303	191	218	rod-coccus growth lifecycle	T007	C0562679
27902303	224	232	isolated	T169	C0205409
27902303	242	253	rhizosphere	T070	C2936389
27902303	257	272	Ginkgo biloba L	T002	C0330206
27902303	274	295	Phylogenetic analyses	T062	C1519068
27902303	305	328	16S rRNA gene sequences	T028	C0035899
27902303	344	361	strain SYP-A7299T	T007	C0003876
27902303	377	382	genus	T185	C1708235
27902303	383	395	Arthrobacter	T007	C0003876
27902303	427	462	Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085T	T007	C2762206
27902303	471	493	16S rRNA gene sequence	T028	C0035899
27902303	494	504	similarity	T080	C2348205
27902303	511	514	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27902303	517	520	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27902303	521	538	relatedness value	T081	C0392762
27902303	547	564	strain SYP-A7299T	T007	C0003876
27902303	569	594	A. halodurans JSM 078085T	T007	C2762206
27902303	614	623	cell-wall	T026	C0007623
27902303	624	637	peptidoglycan	T109,T123	C0030958
27902303	642	645	A4α	T109,T123	C0030958
27902303	651	658	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27902303	663	672	galactose	T109,T123	C0016945
27902303	678	695	whole-cell sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
27902303	701	713	polar lipids	T109	C0023779
27902303	727	749	diphosphatidylglycerol	T123	C0574031
27902303	751	771	phosphatidylglycerol	T109,T123	C0031614
27902303	773	793	phosphatidylinositol	T109,T123	C0031621
27902303	799	810	glycolipids	T109,T123	C0017950
27902303	826	837	polar lipid	T109	C0023779
27902303	849	860	menaquinone	T109,T121,T127	C0086605
27902303	866	874	MK-8(H2)	T109,T127	C0084980
27902303	886	894	MK-9(H2)	T109,T121,T127	C0127520
27902303	923	943	cellular fatty acids	T109	C0015684
27902303	949	963	anteiso-C15: 0	T109	C0646611
27902303	965	975	iso-C15: 0	T109,T121	C0044840
27902303	980	994	anteiso-C17: 0	T109	C0044862
27902303	1000	1003	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27902303	1004	1015	G+C content	T081	C1135899
27902303	1044	1057	morphological	T082	C0543482
27902303	1059	1072	physiological	T169	C0205463
27902303	1074	1085	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27902303	1090	1115	chemotaxonomic characters	T169	C0205245
27902303	1141	1158	strain SYP-A7299T	T007	C0003876
27902303	1178	1185	species	T185	C1705920
27902303	1193	1198	genus	T185	C1708235
27902303	1199	1211	Arthrobacter	T007	C0003876
27902303	1232	1263	Arthrobacter ginkgonis sp. nov.	T007	C0003876
27902303	1281	1292	type strain	T001	C1518614
27902303	1296	1306	SYP-A7299T	T007	C0003876
27902303	1308	1333	=DSM 100491T=KCTC 39 592T	T007	C0003876

27902690|t|Decoding the Interactions Regulating the Active State Mechanics of Eukaryotic Protein Kinases
27902690|a|Eukaryotic protein kinases regulate most cellular functions by phosphorylating targeted protein substrates through a highly conserved catalytic core. In the active state, the catalytic core oscillates between open, intermediate, and closed conformations. Currently, the intramolecular interactions that regulate the active state mechanics are not well understood. Here, using cAMP-dependent protein kinase as a representative model coupled with biochemical, biophysical, and computational techniques, we define a set of highly conserved electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions working harmoniously to regulate these mechanics. These include the previously identified salt bridge between a lysine from the β3-strand and a glutamate from the αC-helix as well as an electrostatic interaction between the phosphorylated activation loop and αC-helix and an ensemble of hydrophobic residues of the Regulatory spine and Shell. Moreover, for over three decades it was thought that the highly conserved β3 -lysine was essential for phosphoryl transfer, but our findings show that the β3 -lysine is not required for phosphoryl transfer but is essential for the active state mechanics.
27902690	0	8	Decoding	T041	C0870395
27902690	13	25	Interactions	T043	C1373094
27902690	26	36	Regulating	T080	C0243148
27902690	41	53	Active State	T033	C0679217
27902690	54	63	Mechanics	T070	C0376706
27902690	67	77	Eukaryotic	T204	C0684063
27902690	78	93	Protein Kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
27902690	94	104	Eukaryotic	T204	C0684063
27902690	105	120	protein kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
27902690	121	129	regulate	T080	C0243148
27902690	135	153	cellular functions	T043	C0007613
27902690	157	172	phosphorylating	T044	C1158886
27902690	173	181	targeted	T169	C1521840
27902690	182	189	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27902690	190	200	substrates	T167	C3891814
27902690	201	208	through	T169	C0332273
27902690	211	217	highly	T080	C0205250
27902690	218	227	conserved	T169	C0443318
27902690	228	242	catalytic core	T026	C0243092
27902690	251	263	active state	T033	C0679217
27902690	269	283	catalytic core	T026	C0243092
27902690	284	294	oscillates	T061	C0695434
27902690	303	307	open	T082	C0175566
27902690	309	321	intermediate	T082	C0205103
27902690	327	333	closed	T082	C0677512
27902690	334	347	conformations	T082	C0033625
27902690	349	358	Currently	T079	C0521116
27902690	364	391	intramolecular interactions	T043	C1373094
27902690	397	405	regulate	T080	C0243148
27902690	410	422	active state	T033	C0679217
27902690	423	432	mechanics	T070	C0376706
27902690	437	456	not well understood	T080	C0205556
27902690	470	499	cAMP-dependent protein kinase	T116,T126	C0010531
27902690	505	519	representative	T052	C1882932
27902690	520	525	model	T075	C0026336
27902690	526	533	coupled	T169	C1948027
27902690	539	550	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27902690	552	563	biophysical	T038	C1511162
27902690	569	593	computational techniques	T062	C1516769
27902690	614	620	highly	T080	C0205250
27902690	621	630	conserved	T080	C2347858
27902690	631	644	electrostatic	UnknownType	C0683119
27902690	649	673	hydrophobic interactions	T044	C0678607
27902690	682	694	harmoniously	T054	C0699798
27902690	698	706	regulate	T080	C0243148
27902690	713	722	mechanics	T070	C0376706
27902690	730	737	include	T169	C0332257
27902690	742	752	previously	T079	C0205156
27902690	753	763	identified	T080	C0205396
27902690	764	775	salt bridge	T044	C0023745
27902690	786	792	lysine	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
27902690	802	811	β3-strand	T082	C0600383
27902690	818	827	glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27902690	837	845	αC-helix	T082	C0162805
27902690	860	885	electrostatic interaction	UnknownType	C0683119
27902690	898	912	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
27902690	913	923	activation	T052	C1879547
27902690	924	928	loop	T082	C0445022
27902690	933	941	αC-helix	T082	C0162805
27902690	949	957	ensemble	T081	C0444667
27902690	961	972	hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
27902690	973	981	residues	T077	C1709915
27902690	1042	1049	decades	T081	C2981279
27902690	1074	1080	highly	T080	C0205250
27902690	1081	1090	conserved	T169	C0443318
27902690	1091	1093	β3	T082	C0600383
27902690	1091	1101	β3 -lysine	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
27902690	1106	1115	essential	T080	C0205224
27902690	1120	1139	phosphoryl transfer	T044	C1148560
27902690	1149	1157	findings	T169	C2607943
27902690	1172	1174	β3	T082	C0600383
27902690	1172	1182	β3 -lysine	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
27902690	1203	1222	phosphoryl transfer	T044	C1148560
27902690	1230	1239	essential	T080	C0205224
27902690	1248	1260	active state	T033	C0679217
27902690	1261	1270	mechanics	T070	C0376706

27902975|t|Timing of Hormone Withdrawal in Children Undergoing 131I Whole-Body Scans for Thyroid Cancer
27902975|a|Little objective pediatric data exist to guide the optimal time needed to achieve thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels ≥30 μIU/mL prior to performing 131I or 123I whole-body scan (WBS) imaging in children with thyroid cancer in the post - thyroidectomy period or after hormone discontinuation. Retrospective study of patients aged 5-19 years who underwent WBS. Patient data collection included type and duration of withdrawal (liothyronine [L-T3], levothyroxine [L-T4], or post - thyroidectomy status without hormonal replacement) and TSH measured prior to WBS (level and timing). A total of 175 TSH level measurements were performed in 68 patients. Thirty-five TSH values were obtained 2-7 weeks postoperatively and 101 values were obtained 2-8 weeks post L-T4 withdrawal. One patient in each group had a TSH level <30 μIU/mL. There was no difference in TSH levels between 3 weeks and 4 weeks postoperatively (p = 0.14) or post L-T4 cessation (p = 0.21). Thirty-nine TSH measurements were obtained 1-28 days post L-T3 withdrawal. Three patients had to be rescheduled due to inadequate TSH levels, including one after 14 days L-T3 withdrawal. TSH levels ≥30 μIU/mL were achieved at 3 weeks post thyroidectomy or after L-T4 withdrawal and after at least 2 weeks following L-T3 cessation.
27902975	0	6	Timing	T079	C0449243
27902975	10	17	Hormone	T125	C0019932
27902975	18	28	Withdrawal	T058	C0457454
27902975	32	40	Children	T100	C0008059
27902975	52	56	131I	T130,T196	C0303029
27902975	57	73	Whole-Body Scans	T060	C0203669
27902975	78	92	Thyroid Cancer	T191	C0007115
27902975	110	119	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27902975	120	124	data	T078	C1511726
27902975	144	156	optimal time	T079	C0040223
27902975	175	202	thyroid-stimulating hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27902975	204	207	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27902975	209	215	levels	T080	C0441889
27902975	247	251	131I	T130,T196	C0303029
27902975	255	259	123I	T130,T196	C3495673
27902975	260	289	whole-body scan (WBS) imaging	T060	C0203669
27902975	293	301	children	T100	C0008059
27902975	307	321	thyroid cancer	T191	C0007115
27902975	329	333	post	T079	C0687676
27902975	336	349	thyroidectomy	T061	C0040145
27902975	350	356	period	T079	C1948053
27902975	366	373	hormone	T125	C0019932
27902975	374	389	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
27902975	391	410	Retrospective study	T062	C0035363
27902975	414	422	patients	T101	C0030705
27902975	423	427	aged	T032	C0001779
27902975	433	438	years	T079	C0439234
27902975	453	456	WBS	T060	C0203669
27902975	458	465	Patient	T101	C0030705
27902975	466	481	data collection	T062	C0010995
27902975	491	495	type	T080	C0332307
27902975	500	508	duration	T079	C0449238
27902975	512	522	withdrawal	T058	C0457454
27902975	524	536	liothyronine	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
27902975	538	542	L-T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
27902975	545	558	levothyroxine	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
27902975	560	564	L-T4	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
27902975	570	574	post	T079	C0687676
27902975	577	597	thyroidectomy status	T033	C1406947
27902975	598	605	without	T080	C0332288
27902975	606	626	hormonal replacement	T033	C0455631
27902975	632	635	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27902975	636	644	measured	T080	C0444706
27902975	654	657	WBS	T060	C0203669
27902975	659	664	level	T080	C0441889
27902975	669	675	timing	T079	C0449243
27902975	693	715	TSH level measurements	T059	C0202230
27902975	737	745	patients	T101	C0030705
27902975	759	762	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27902975	763	769	values	T080	C0042295
27902975	788	793	weeks	T079	C0439230
27902975	794	809	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27902975	818	824	values	T080	C0042295
27902975	843	848	weeks	T079	C0439230
27902975	849	853	post	T079	C0687676
27902975	854	858	L-T4	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
27902975	859	869	withdrawal	T058	C0457454
27902975	875	882	patient	T101	C0030705
27902975	891	896	group	T078	C0441833
27902975	903	906	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27902975	907	912	level	T080	C0441889
27902975	935	948	no difference	T033	C3842396
27902975	952	955	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27902975	956	962	levels	T080	C0441889
27902975	973	978	weeks	T079	C0439230
27902975	985	990	weeks	T079	C0439230
27902975	991	1006	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27902975	1021	1025	post	T079	C0687676
27902975	1026	1030	L-T4	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
27902975	1031	1040	cessation	T052	C1880019
27902975	1065	1081	TSH measurements	T059	C0202230
27902975	1101	1105	days	T079	C0439228
27902975	1106	1110	post	T079	C0687676
27902975	1111	1115	L-T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
27902975	1116	1126	withdrawal	T058	C0457454
27902975	1134	1142	patients	T101	C0030705
27902975	1153	1164	rescheduled	T080	C0205541
27902975	1172	1182	inadequate	T080	C0205412
27902975	1183	1186	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27902975	1187	1193	levels	T080	C0441889
27902975	1218	1222	days	T079	C0439228
27902975	1223	1227	L-T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
27902975	1228	1238	withdrawal	T058	C0457454
27902975	1240	1243	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27902975	1244	1250	levels	T080	C0441889
27902975	1281	1286	weeks	T079	C0439230
27902975	1287	1291	post	T079	C0687676
27902975	1292	1305	thyroidectomy	T061	C0040145
27902975	1315	1319	L-T4	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
27902975	1320	1330	withdrawal	T058	C0457454
27902975	1352	1357	weeks	T079	C0439230
27902975	1368	1372	L-T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
27902975	1373	1382	cessation	T052	C1880019

27903185|t|Acute clinical adverse radiation effects after Gamma Knife surgery for vestibular schwannomas
27903185|a|OBJECTIVE Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) represent a common indication of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS). While most studies focus on the long-term morbidity and adverse radiation effects (AREs), none describe the acute clinical AREs that might appear on a short-term basis. These types of events are investigated, and their incidence, type, and outcomes are reported in the present paper. METHODS The included patients were treated between July 2010 and March 2016, underwent at least 6 months of follow-up, and presented with a disabling symptom during the first 6 months after GKS that affected their quality of life. The timing of appearance, as well as the type of main symptom and outcome, were noted. The prescribed dose was 12 Gy at the margin. RESULTS Thirty-five (22%) of 159 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria had acute clinical AREs. The mean followup period was 30 months (range 6-49.2 months). The mean time of appearance was 37.9 days (median 31 days; range 3-110 days). In patients with de novo symptoms, the more frequent symptoms were vertigo (n = 4; 11.4%) and gait disturbance (n = 3; 8.6%). The exacerbation of a preexisting symptom was more frequently related to hearing loss (n = 10; 28.6%), followed by gait disturbance (n = 7; 20%) and vertigo (n = 3, 8.6%). In the univariate logistic regression analysis, the following factors were statistically significant: age (p = 0.002; odds ratio [OR] 0.96), hearing at baseline by Gardner-Robertson (GR) class (p = 0.006; OR 0.21), pure tone average at baseline (p = 0.006; OR 0.97), and Koos grade at baseline (with Koos Grade I used as a reference) (for Koos Grade II, OR 0.17 and p = 0.002; for Koos Grade III, OR 0.42 and p = 0.05). The following were not statistically significant but showed a tendency toward significance: the number of isocenters (p = 0.06; OR 0.94) and the maximal dose received by the cochlea (p = 0.07; OR 0.74). Fractional polynomial regression analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between the outcome and the radiation dose rate (minimum reached at a cutoff of 2.5 Gy/minute) and the maximal vestibular dose (maximum reached at a cutoff of 8 Gy), but the small sample size precludes a detailed analysis of the former. The clinical acute AREs disappeared in 32 (91.4%) patients during the first 6 months after appearance. Permanent and somewhat disabling morbidity was found in 3 cases (1.9% from the whole series): 1 each with complete hearing loss (GR Class I before and V after), hemifacial spasm (persistent but alleviated), and dysgeusia. CONCLUSIONS Acute effects after radiosurgery for VS are not rare. They concern predominantly de novo vertigo and gait disturbance and the exacerbation of preexistent hearing loss. In de novo vestibular symptom s, a vestibular dose of more than 8 Gy is thought to play a role. In most cases, none of these effects are permanent, and they will ultimately improve or disappear with steroid therapy. Permanent AREs remain very rare.
27903185	0	5	Acute	T079	C0205178
27903185	6	14	clinical	T080	C0205210
27903185	15	40	adverse radiation effects	T037	C0392615
27903185	47	66	Gamma Knife surgery	T061	C2960266
27903185	71	93	vestibular schwannomas	T191	C0027859
27903185	104	126	Vestibular schwannomas	T191	C0027859
27903185	128	131	VSs	T191	C0027859
27903185	166	185	Gamma Knife surgery	T061	C2960266
27903185	187	190	GKS	T061	C2960266
27903185	204	211	studies	T062	C2603343
27903185	225	234	long-term	T079	C0443252
27903185	235	244	morbidity	T081	C0178685
27903185	249	274	adverse radiation effects	T037	C0392615
27903185	276	280	AREs	T037	C0392615
27903185	301	306	acute	T079	C0205178
27903185	307	315	clinical	T080	C0205210
27903185	316	320	AREs	T037	C0392615
27903185	344	354	short-term	T079	C0443303
27903185	388	400	investigated	T169	C1292732
27903185	412	421	incidence	T081	C0021149
27903185	423	427	type	T080	C0332307
27903185	433	441	outcomes	T062	C0086750
27903185	446	454	reported	T170	C0684224
27903185	498	506	patients	T101	C0030705
27903185	512	519	treated	T169	C1522326
27903185	575	581	months	T079	C0439231
27903185	585	594	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27903185	617	626	disabling	T047	C0596452
27903185	627	634	symptom	T184	C1457887
27903185	654	660	months	T079	C0439231
27903185	667	670	GKS	T061	C2960266
27903185	676	684	affected	T169	C0392760
27903185	691	706	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27903185	762	769	symptom	T184	C1457887
27903185	774	781	outcome	T062	C0086750
27903185	799	809	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27903185	810	814	dose	T081	C0178602
27903185	873	881	patients	T101	C0030705
27903185	900	909	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27903185	923	928	acute	T079	C0205178
27903185	929	937	clinical	T080	C0205210
27903185	938	942	AREs	T037	C0392615
27903185	948	952	mean	T081	C0444504
27903185	953	961	followup	T058	C1522577
27903185	976	982	months	T079	C0439231
27903185	984	989	range	T081	C1514721
27903185	997	1003	months	T079	C0439231
27903185	1010	1014	mean	T081	C0444504
27903185	1043	1047	days	T079	C0439228
27903185	1049	1055	median	T081	C0876920
27903185	1059	1063	days	T079	C0439228
27903185	1065	1070	range	T081	C1514721
27903185	1077	1081	days	T079	C0439228
27903185	1087	1095	patients	T101	C0030705
27903185	1101	1108	de novo	T078	C1515568
27903185	1109	1117	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27903185	1137	1145	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27903185	1151	1158	vertigo	T184	C0042571
27903185	1178	1194	gait disturbance	T033	C0575081
27903185	1214	1226	exacerbation	T033	C0235874
27903185	1244	1251	symptom	T184	C1457887
27903185	1283	1295	hearing loss	T033	C3887873
27903185	1325	1341	gait disturbance	T033	C0575081
27903185	1359	1366	vertigo	T184	C0042571
27903185	1389	1399	univariate	T062	C0683962
27903185	1400	1428	logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27903185	1444	1451	factors	T169	C1521761
27903185	1457	1482	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27903185	1484	1487	age	T032	C0001779
27903185	1500	1510	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27903185	1512	1514	OR	T081	C0028873
27903185	1534	1542	baseline	T081	C1442488
27903185	1546	1563	Gardner-Robertson	T170	C0451213
27903185	1565	1567	GR	T170	C0451213
27903185	1587	1589	OR	T081	C0028873
27903185	1597	1614	pure tone average	T081	C0392762
27903185	1618	1626	baseline	T081	C1442488
27903185	1639	1641	OR	T081	C0028873
27903185	1653	1663	Koos grade	T170	C0349674
27903185	1667	1675	baseline	T081	C1442488
27903185	1682	1694	Koos Grade I	T170	C0349674
27903185	1721	1734	Koos Grade II	T170	C0349674
27903185	1736	1738	OR	T081	C0028873
27903185	1763	1777	Koos Grade III	T170	C0349674
27903185	1779	1781	OR	T081	C0028873
27903185	1825	1850	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27903185	1908	1918	isocenters	T082	C1881275
27903185	1930	1932	OR	T081	C0028873
27903185	1947	1954	maximal	T081	C0806909
27903185	1955	1959	dose	T081	C0178602
27903185	1976	1983	cochlea	T047	C0009197
27903185	1995	1997	OR	T081	C0028873
27903185	2005	2046	Fractional polynomial regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27903185	2091	2098	outcome	T062	C0086750
27903185	2107	2126	radiation dose rate	T081	C0560131
27903185	2182	2189	maximal	T081	C0806909
27903185	2190	2200	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27903185	2201	2205	dose	T081	C0178602
27903185	2259	2270	sample size	T081	C0242618
27903185	2271	2280	precludes	T169	C0332206
27903185	2292	2300	analysis	T062	C0936012
27903185	2320	2328	clinical	T080	C0205210
27903185	2329	2334	acute	T079	C0205178
27903185	2335	2339	AREs	T037	C0392615
27903185	2366	2374	patients	T101	C0030705
27903185	2394	2400	months	T079	C0439231
27903185	2442	2451	disabling	T047	C0596452
27903185	2452	2461	morbidity	T081	C0178685
27903185	2477	2482	cases	T077	C1706256
27903185	2525	2546	complete hearing loss	T033	C0581883
27903185	2548	2558	GR Class I	T170	C0451213
27903185	2570	2571	V	T170	C0451213
27903185	2580	2596	hemifacial spasm	T033	C0278152
27903185	2598	2608	persistent	T079	C0205322
27903185	2630	2639	dysgeusia	T033	C0013378
27903185	2653	2658	Acute	T079	C0205178
27903185	2659	2666	effects	T080	C1280500
27903185	2673	2685	radiosurgery	T061	C0085203
27903185	2690	2692	VS	T191	C0027859
27903185	2734	2741	de novo	T078	C1515568
27903185	2742	2749	vertigo	T184	C0042571
27903185	2754	2770	gait disturbance	T033	C0575081
27903185	2779	2791	exacerbation	T033	C0235874
27903185	2807	2819	hearing loss	T033	C3887873
27903185	2824	2831	de novo	T078	C1515568
27903185	2832	2842	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27903185	2843	2850	symptom	T184	C1457887
27903185	2856	2866	vestibular	T030	C0042606
27903185	2867	2871	dose	T081	C0178602
27903185	2925	2930	cases	T077	C1706256
27903185	2946	2953	effects	T080	C1280500
27903185	3020	3035	steroid therapy	T061	C0149783
27903185	3047	3051	AREs	T037	C0392615
27903185	3064	3068	rare	T080	C0522498

27903410|t|Long-chain n-3 PUFA supplied by the usual diet decrease plasma stearoyl-CoA desaturase index in non-hypertriglyceridemic older adults at high vascular risk
27903410|a|The activity of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), the central enzyme in the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), has been associated with de novo lipogenesis. In experimental models SCD1 is down-regulated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), but clinical studies are scarce. The effect of long-chain n-3 PUFA (LCn-3PUFA) supplied by the regular diet, in the absence of fatty fish or fish oil supplementation, remains to be explored. We related 1-y changes in plasma SCD1 index, as assessed by the C16:1n-7 / C16:0 ratio, to both adiposity traits and nutrient intake changes in a sub-cohort (n = 243) of non-hypertriglyceridemic subjects of the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterranea) trial. After adjustment for confounders, including changes in fasting triglycerides, plasma SCD1 index increased in parallel with body weight (0.221 [95% confidence interval, 0.021 to 0.422], P = 0.031) and BMI (0.115 [0.027 to 0.202], P = 0.011). Additionally, dietary LCn-3PUFA (but not MUFA or plant-derived PUFA) were associated with decreased plasma SCD1 index (-0.544 [-1.044 to -0.043], P = 0.033, for each 1 g/d- increase in LCn-3PUFA). No associations were found for other food groups, but there was a trend for fatty fish intake (-0.083 [-0.177 to 0.012], P = 0.085, for each 10 g/d- increase). Our data add clinical evidence on the down-regulation of plasma SCD1 index by LCn-3PUFA in the context of realistic changes in fish consumption in the customary, non-supplemented diet. http://www.Controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN35739639.
27903410	0	19	Long-chain n-3 PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27903410	20	28	supplied	T052	C1999230
27903410	36	41	usual	T080	C3538928
27903410	42	46	diet	T168	C0012155
27903410	47	55	decrease	T081	C0547047
27903410	56	86	plasma stearoyl-CoA desaturase	T116,T126	C0038233
27903410	87	92	index	T170	C0918012
27903410	96	120	non-hypertriglyceridemic	T033	C0243095
27903410	121	133	older adults	T098	C0001792
27903410	142	150	vascular	T023	C0005847
27903410	151	155	risk	T078	C0035647
27903410	160	168	activity	T044	C0243102
27903410	172	197	stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1	T116,T126	C2002916
27903410	199	203	SCD1	T116,T126	C2002916
27903410	210	224	central enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
27903410	232	241	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27903410	245	272	monounsaturated fatty acids	T109,T123	C0015687
27903410	274	278	MUFA	T109,T123	C0015687
27903410	290	305	associated with	T080	C0332281
27903410	306	313	de novo	T078	C1515568
27903410	314	325	lipogenesis	T040	C1563744
27903410	330	349	experimental models	T170	C0086272
27903410	350	354	SCD1	T116,T126	C2002916
27903410	358	372	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
27903410	376	403	polyunsaturated fatty acids	T109,T123	C0032615
27903410	405	409	PUFA	T109,T123	C0032615
27903410	416	432	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27903410	449	455	effect	T080	C1280500
27903410	459	478	long-chain n-3 PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27903410	480	489	LCn-3PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27903410	491	499	supplied	T052	C1999230
27903410	507	519	regular diet	T168	C0012155
27903410	528	535	absence	T169	C0332197
27903410	539	549	fatty fish	T168	C0453017
27903410	553	561	fish oil	T168	C0556145
27903410	562	578	supplementation,	T168	C0242295
27903410	606	613	related	T080	C0439849
27903410	618	625	changes	T169	C0392747
27903410	629	640	plasma SCD1	T116,T126	C2002916
27903410	641	646	index	T170	C0918012
27903410	651	659	assessed	T052	C1516048
27903410	667	675	C16:1n-7	T109	C0069966
27903410	678	683	C16:0	T109,T123	C0030234
27903410	684	689	ratio	T081	C0456603
27903410	699	708	adiposity	T032	C1563743
27903410	709	715	traits	T032	C0599883
27903410	720	735	nutrient intake	T033	C1287879
27903410	736	743	changes	T169	C0392747
27903410	749	759	sub-cohort	T098	C0599755
27903410	773	797	non-hypertriglyceridemic	T033	C0243095
27903410	798	806	subjects	T098	C0080105
27903410	814	864	PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterranea) trial	T062	C0008976
27903410	910	917	changes	T169	C0392747
27903410	921	928	fasting	T033	C0015663
27903410	929	942	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
27903410	944	955	plasma SCD1	T116,T126	C2002916
27903410	956	961	index	T170	C0918012
27903410	962	971	increased	T081	C0205217
27903410	989	1000	body weight	T032	C0005910
27903410	1013	1032	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27903410	1066	1069	BMI	T201	C1305855
27903410	1121	1128	dietary	T168	C0012155
27903410	1129	1138	LCn-3PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27903410	1148	1152	MUFA	T109,T123	C0015687
27903410	1156	1174	plant-derived PUFA	T109	C1318902
27903410	1181	1196	associated with	T080	C0332281
27903410	1197	1206	decreased	T081	C0205216
27903410	1207	1218	plasma SCD1	T116,T126	C2002916
27903410	1219	1224	index	T170	C0918012
27903410	1280	1288	increase	T169	C0442805
27903410	1292	1301	LCn-3PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27903410	1307	1319	associations	T080	C0439849
27903410	1341	1345	food	T168	C0016452
27903410	1346	1352	groups	T078	C0441833
27903410	1380	1390	fatty fish	T168	C0453017
27903410	1391	1397	intake	T169	C1512806
27903410	1453	1461	increase	T169	C0442805
27903410	1468	1472	data	T078	C1511726
27903410	1477	1485	clinical	T080	C0205210
27903410	1486	1494	evidence	T078	C3887511
27903410	1502	1517	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
27903410	1521	1532	plasma SCD1	T116,T126	C2002916
27903410	1533	1538	index	T170	C0918012
27903410	1542	1551	LCn-3PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27903410	1559	1566	context	T078	C0449255
27903410	1580	1587	changes	T169	C0392747
27903410	1591	1595	fish	T013	C0016163
27903410	1596	1607	consumption	T052	C2983605
27903410	1615	1624	customary	T080	C3538928
27903410	1626	1642	non-supplemented	T033	C0243095
27903410	1643	1647	diet	T168	C0012155

27903877|t|Assessing the manipulative potentials of monkeys, apes and humans from hand proportions: implications for hand evolution
27903877|a|The hand structure possesses a greater potential for performing manipulative skills than is typically observed, whether in humans or non-human anthropoids. However, a precise assessment of the potential manipulative skills of hands has been challenging, which hampers our understanding of the evolution of manipulative abilities in anthropoid hands. Here, we establish a functional model to quantitatively infer the manipulative potentials of anthropoid hands based on hand proportions. Our results reveal a large disparity of manipulative potentials among anthropoid hands. From the aspect of hand proportions, the human hand has the best manipulative potential among anthropoids. However, the species with a manipulative potential closer to that of humans are not our nearest relatives, chimpanzees, but rather, are certain monkey species. In combination with the phylogenetically informed morphometric analyses, our results suggest that the morphological changes of non-human anthropoid hands did not coevolve with the brain to facilitate the manipulative ability during the evolutionary process, although the manipulative ability is a survival skill. The changes in non-human anthropoid hands may have more likely evolved under selective pressure for locomotion than manipulation.
27903877	0	9	Assessing	T052	C1516048
27903877	14	37	manipulative potentials	T080	C3245505
27903877	41	48	monkeys	T015	C0026447
27903877	50	54	apes	T015	C0019874
27903877	59	65	humans	T016	C0086418
27903877	71	87	hand proportions	T201	C1286190
27903877	106	110	hand	T023	C0018563
27903877	111	120	evolution	T045	C0015219
27903877	125	139	hand structure	T023	C3714557
27903877	174	184	performing	T169	C0884358
27903877	185	204	manipulative skills	T055	C0678856
27903877	244	250	humans	T016	C0086418
27903877	254	275	non-human anthropoids	T015	C1564897
27903877	296	306	assessment	T052	C1516048
27903877	337	343	skills	T055	C0678856
27903877	347	352	hands	T023	C0018563
27903877	414	423	evolution	T045	C0015219
27903877	427	449	manipulative abilities	T032	C0085732
27903877	453	469	anthropoid hands	T023	C0018563
27903877	492	508	functional model	T075	C0026336
27903877	512	526	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
27903877	537	560	manipulative potentials	T080	C3245505
27903877	564	580	anthropoid hands	T023	C0018563
27903877	590	606	hand proportions	T201	C1286190
27903877	648	671	manipulative potentials	T080	C3245505
27903877	678	694	anthropoid hands	T023	C0018563
27903877	715	731	hand proportions	T201	C1286190
27903877	737	742	human	T016	C0086418
27903877	743	747	hand	T023	C0018563
27903877	761	783	manipulative potential	T080	C3245505
27903877	790	801	anthropoids	T015	C1564897
27903877	816	823	species	T185	C1705920
27903877	831	853	manipulative potential	T080	C3245505
27903877	872	878	humans	T016	C0086418
27903877	891	908	nearest relatives	T033	C0557090
27903877	910	921	chimpanzees	T015	C0008111
27903877	947	953	monkey	T015	C0026447
27903877	954	961	species	T185	C1705920
27903877	987	1034	phylogenetically informed morphometric analyses	T059	C0200760
27903877	1065	1078	morphological	T082	C0543482
27903877	1079	1086	changes	T169	C0392747
27903877	1090	1116	non-human anthropoid hands	T023	C0018563
27903877	1143	1148	brain	T023	C0006104
27903877	1167	1187	manipulative ability	T032	C0085732
27903877	1199	1219	evolutionary process	T045	C0015219
27903877	1234	1254	manipulative ability	T032	C0085732
27903877	1260	1268	survival	T169	C0220921
27903877	1269	1274	skill	T055	C0678856
27903877	1280	1287	changes	T169	C0392747
27903877	1291	1317	non-human anthropoid hands	T023	C0018563
27903877	1363	1371	pressure	T169	C1306345
27903877	1376	1386	locomotion	T040	C0026649
27903877	1392	1404	manipulation	T080	C0205556

27903991|t|Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Factors in Diabetic Kidney Disease
27903991|a|Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, and its prevalence has been increasing in developed countries. Diabetic nephropathy has become the most common single cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation factors are hypothesized to play a role in the development of late diabetes complications. Chronic hyperglycemia increases oxidative stress, significantly modifies the structure and function of proteins and lipids, and induces glycoxidation and peroxidation. Therefore, hyperglycemia causes auto-oxidation of glucose, glycation of proteins, and activation of polyol mechanism. Overproduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species contributes to several microvascular and macrovascular complications of DN. On the other hand, reactive oxygen species modulates signaling cascade of immune factors. An increase in reactive oxygen species can increase the production of inflammatory cytokines, and likewise, an increase in inflammatory cytokines can stimulate the production of free radicals. Some studies have shown that kidney inflammation is serious in promoting the development and progression of DN. Inflammatory factors which are activated by the metabolic, biochemical, and hemodynamic derangements are known to exist in the diabetic kidney. This review discusses facts for oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in DN and encompasses the role of immune and inflammatory cells, inflammatory cytokines, and stress oxidative factors.
27903991	0	4	Role	T077	C1705810
27903991	8	24	Oxidative Stress	T049	C0242606
27903991	29	41	Inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27903991	42	49	Factors	T169	C1521761
27903991	53	76	Diabetic Kidney Disease	T047	C0011881
27903991	77	97	Diabetic nephropathy	T047	C0011881
27903991	99	101	DN	T047	C0011881
27903991	108	115	serious	T080	C0205404
27903991	116	128	complication	T046	C0009566
27903991	132	149	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
27903991	159	169	prevalence	T081	C0033106
27903991	179	189	increasing	T169	C0442808
27903991	193	212	developed countries	T080	C0282613
27903991	214	234	Diabetic nephropathy	T047	C0011881
27903991	255	261	common	T081	C0205214
27903991	262	268	single	T081	C0205171
27903991	278	301	end-stage renal disease	T047	C0022661
27903991	302	311	worldwide	T098	C2700280
27903991	313	329	Oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27903991	334	346	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27903991	347	354	factors	T169	C1521761
27903991	359	371	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
27903991	375	386	play a role	T077	C1705810
27903991	394	405	development	T169	C1527148
27903991	409	413	late	T079	C0205087
27903991	414	436	diabetes complications	T047	C0342257
27903991	438	459	Chronic hyperglycemia	T046	C0342300
27903991	460	469	increases	T169	C0442805
27903991	470	486	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27903991	488	510	significantly modifies	T169	C0392747
27903991	515	524	structure	T082	C0678594
27903991	529	537	function	T039	C0031843
27903991	541	549	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27903991	554	560	lipids	T109	C0023779
27903991	566	573	induces	T169	C0205263
27903991	574	587	glycoxidation	UnknownType	C0260088
27903991	592	604	peroxidation	T067	C0178796
27903991	617	630	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
27903991	638	652	auto-oxidation	T070	C0311405
27903991	656	663	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27903991	665	674	glycation	T067	C0598528
27903991	678	686	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27903991	692	702	activation	T052	C1879547
27903991	706	722	polyol mechanism	T169	C0441712
27903991	724	738	Overproduction	T057	C0033268
27903991	742	755	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27903991	756	779	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27903991	780	791	contributes	T052	C1880177
27903991	795	802	several	T081	C0443302
27903991	803	816	microvascular	T169	C0443258
27903991	821	834	macrovascular	T169	C0205245
27903991	835	848	complications	T046	C0009566
27903991	852	854	DN	T047	C0011881
27903991	875	898	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27903991	899	908	modulates	T082	C0443264
27903991	909	926	signaling cascade	T043	C2611812
27903991	930	944	immune factors	T129	C0021054
27903991	949	957	increase	T169	C0442805
27903991	961	984	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27903991	989	997	increase	T169	C0442805
27903991	1002	1012	production	T057	C0033268
27903991	1016	1028	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27903991	1029	1038	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27903991	1057	1065	increase	T169	C0442805
27903991	1069	1081	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27903991	1082	1091	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27903991	1096	1105	stimulate	T070	C1948023
27903991	1110	1120	production	T057	C0033268
27903991	1124	1137	free radicals	T104,T123	C0016693
27903991	1144	1151	studies	T062	C0681814
27903991	1168	1187	kidney inflammation	T047	C0027697
27903991	1191	1198	serious	T080	C0205404
27903991	1202	1211	promoting	T052	C0033414
27903991	1216	1227	development	T169	C1527148
27903991	1232	1243	progression	T169	C0449258
27903991	1247	1249	DN	T047	C0011881
27903991	1251	1263	Inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27903991	1264	1271	factors	T169	C1521761
27903991	1282	1291	activated	T052	C1879547
27903991	1299	1308	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27903991	1310	1321	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27903991	1327	1338	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27903991	1365	1370	exist	T077	C2987476
27903991	1378	1393	diabetic kidney	T047	C0011881
27903991	1400	1406	review	T170	C0282443
27903991	1427	1443	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27903991	1448	1460	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27903991	1461	1468	factors	T169	C1521761
27903991	1472	1474	DN	T047	C0011881
27903991	1495	1499	role	T077	C1705810
27903991	1503	1509	immune	T025	C0007634
27903991	1514	1532	inflammatory cells	T025	C0440752
27903991	1534	1546	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27903991	1547	1556	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27903991	1562	1578	stress oxidative	T049	C0242606
27903991	1579	1586	factors	T169	C1521761

27904662|t|Influence of biological scaffold regulation on the proliferation of chondrocytes and the repair of articular cartilage
27904662|a|To investigate the effects of hard tissue engineering scaffold (the material is β-TCP) with different micro-structures on the proliferation of chondrocytes, and the influence of its composite erythrocytes on the repair of articular cartilage defects. Rabbit cartilage cells were on β-TCP bioceramic scaffold with different micro-structures in vitro, the proliferation growth trend of chondrocytes within the scaffold was calculated, and a optimal micro-structure suitable for cartilage cell growth was determined. Composite chondrocytes were implanted into rabbit models of articular cartilage defects, and the repair situation was observed. the bioceramic scaffold with an inner diameter of 120 μm and an aperture of 500-630 μm was suitable for the growth of cartilage cells. Scaffold loaded with second generation of cartilage cell suspension got a top histological score of 20.76±2.13, which was closely similar to that of normal cartilage. When loaded with the second generation of cartilage cells, the β-TCP biological ceramic scaffold with a pore size of 500-630 μm, and an inner diameter of 120 μm, shows a best repairing effect on animal articular cartilage defects.
27904662	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
27904662	13	23	biological	T080	C0205460
27904662	24	32	scaffold	T122	C0597587
27904662	33	43	regulation	T038	C1327622
27904662	51	64	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27904662	68	80	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27904662	89	95	repair	T058	C1705181
27904662	99	118	articular cartilage	T024	C0007303
27904662	122	133	investigate	T169	C1292732
27904662	138	148	effects of	T080	C1704420
27904662	149	172	hard tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
27904662	173	181	scaffold	T122	C0597587
27904662	187	195	material	T122	C0005479
27904662	199	204	β-TCP	T121,T122,T197	C0108136
27904662	211	220	different	T080	C1705242
27904662	221	237	micro-structures	T082	C0678594
27904662	245	258	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27904662	262	274	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27904662	284	293	influence	T077	C4054723
27904662	301	310	composite	T080	C0205199
27904662	311	323	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
27904662	331	337	repair	T058	C1705181
27904662	341	368	articular cartilage defects	T190	C0410334
27904662	370	376	Rabbit	T015	C3887509
27904662	377	392	cartilage cells	T025	C3161470
27904662	401	406	β-TCP	T121,T122,T197	C0108136
27904662	407	417	bioceramic	T073	C0007742
27904662	418	426	scaffold	T122	C0597587
27904662	432	441	different	T080	C1705242
27904662	442	458	micro-structures	T082	C0678594
27904662	459	467	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27904662	473	486	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27904662	487	499	growth trend	T040	C0018270
27904662	503	515	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27904662	527	535	scaffold	T122	C0597587
27904662	558	565	optimal	T080	C2698651
27904662	566	581	micro-structure	T082	C0678594
27904662	595	609	cartilage cell	T025	C3161470
27904662	610	616	growth	T040	C0018270
27904662	633	642	Composite	T122	C0597587
27904662	643	655	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27904662	676	682	rabbit	T015	C3887509
27904662	683	689	models	T050	C0012644
27904662	693	720	articular cartilage defects	T190	C0410334
27904662	730	736	repair	T058	C1705181
27904662	765	775	bioceramic	T073	C0007742
27904662	776	784	scaffold	T122	C0597587
27904662	793	807	inner diameter	T081	C3640173
27904662	825	833	aperture	T082	C1882151
27904662	869	875	growth	T040	C0018270
27904662	879	894	cartilage cells	T025	C3161470
27904662	896	904	Scaffold	T122	C0597587
27904662	938	952	cartilage cell	T025	C3161470
27904662	953	963	suspension	T122	C0038960
27904662	974	992	histological score	T170	C0807321
27904662	1045	1051	normal	T080	C0205307
27904662	1052	1061	cartilage	T025	C3161470
27904662	1105	1120	cartilage cells	T025	C3161470
27904662	1126	1131	β-TCP	T121,T122,T197	C0108136
27904662	1132	1142	biological	T080	C0205460
27904662	1143	1150	ceramic	T073	C0007742
27904662	1151	1159	scaffold	T122	C0597587
27904662	1167	1176	pore size	T081	C3829176
27904662	1199	1213	inner diameter	T081	C3640173
27904662	1238	1254	repairing effect	T169	C0205245
27904662	1258	1264	animal	T008	C0003062
27904662	1265	1292	articular cartilage defects	T190	C0410334

27904771|t|Tumor-suppressive function of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in glioma cells by suppressing miR-155 expression and activating FBXW7 function
27904771|a|The human metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a long non-coding RNA associated with metastasis, and is a favorable prognostic factor for lung cancer. Recent studies have shown that MALAT1 plays an important role in many malignancies. However, little is known about the role of MALAT1 in glioma. In this study, we determined the expression of MALAT1 and explored its prognostic value in glioma. Further, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of MALAT1 in glioma progression. Our results showed that the expression of MALAT1 was significantly decreased in glioma specimens than in noncancerous brain tissues. In addition, MALAT1 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size, WHO grade and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and was an independent prognostic factor for survival of glioma patients. The gain- and loss-of-function experiments revealed miR-155 down-regulation by MALAT1, resulting in reciprocal effects. Further, MALAT1 suppresses cell viability by down-regulating miR-155. FBXW7 mRNA was identified as a direct target of miR-155 in glioma. The miR-155 -induced tumorigenesis is mediated through FBXW7 function. Finally, we found that MALAT1 positively regulated FBXW7 expression, which was responsible for glioma progression mediated by MALAT1 - miR-155 pathway. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that MALAT1 may be a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in glioma. Restoration of MALAT1 levels represents a novel therapeutic strategy against glioma.
27904771	0	26	Tumor-suppressive function	T044	C1519692
27904771	30	55	long noncoding RNA MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	59	71	glioma cells	T025	C0334227
27904771	75	86	suppressing	T169	C1260953
27904771	87	94	miR-155	T028	C1537811
27904771	95	105	expression	T045	C0017262
27904771	121	135	FBXW7 function	T116,T123	C0755295
27904771	140	156	human metastasis	T046	C4255448
27904771	157	167	associated	T080	C0332281
27904771	168	200	lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	202	208	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	215	234	long non-coding RNA	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	235	250	associated with	T080	C0332281
27904771	251	261	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27904771	282	299	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
27904771	304	315	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
27904771	348	354	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	387	399	malignancies	T191	C0006826
27904771	444	450	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	454	460	glioma	T191	C0017638
27904771	495	505	expression	T045	C0040649
27904771	509	515	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	533	549	prognostic value	T081	C0449821
27904771	553	559	glioma	T191	C0017638
27904771	590	610	regulatory mechanism	T045	C0017263
27904771	614	620	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	624	642	glioma progression	T191	C0178874
27904771	672	682	expression	T045	C0040649
27904771	686	692	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	711	720	decreased	T081	C0205216
27904771	724	740	glioma specimens	T024	C0475358
27904771	749	775	noncancerous brain tissues	T023	C0459385
27904771	790	796	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	797	807	expression	T045	C0040649
27904771	826	836	correlated	T080	C1707520
27904771	842	852	tumor size	T082	C0475440
27904771	854	863	WHO grade	T201	C1301074
27904771	868	896	Karnofsky Performance Status	T060	C0206065
27904771	898	901	KPS	T060	C0206065
27904771	927	944	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
27904771	961	976	glioma patients	T101	C1516213
27904771	982	1008	gain- and loss-of-function	T033	C0243095
27904771	1030	1037	miR-155	T028	C1537811
27904771	1038	1053	down-regulation	T045	C0920533
27904771	1057	1063	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	1107	1113	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	1114	1124	suppresses	T169	C1260953
27904771	1125	1139	cell viability	T043	C0007620
27904771	1143	1158	down-regulating	T045	C0920533
27904771	1159	1166	miR-155	T028	C1537811
27904771	1168	1173	FBXW7	T028	C1333533
27904771	1174	1178	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27904771	1216	1223	miR-155	T028	C1537811
27904771	1227	1233	glioma	T191	C0017638
27904771	1239	1246	miR-155	T028	C1537811
27904771	1256	1269	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621
27904771	1290	1304	FBXW7 function	T116,T123	C0755295
27904771	1329	1335	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	1336	1373	positively regulated FBXW7 expression	T045	C3270338
27904771	1357	1362	FBXW7	T116,T123	C0755295
27904771	1401	1419	glioma progression	T191	C0178874
27904771	1432	1438	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	1441	1456	miR-155 pathway	T045	C1517508
27904771	1500	1506	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	1522	1542	prognostic biomarker	T080	C1514475
27904771	1547	1565	therapeutic target	T169	C1521840
27904771	1569	1575	glioma	T191	C0017638
27904771	1592	1598	MALAT1	T114,T123	C3180393
27904771	1625	1645	therapeutic strategy	T169	C0302350
27904771	1654	1660	glioma	T191	C0017638

27904925|t|Breaking sitting with light activities vs structured exercise: a randomised crossover study demonstrating benefits for glycaemic control and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes
27904925|a|We aimed to examine the effects of breaking sitting with standing and light-intensity walking vs an energy -matched bout of structured exercise on 24 h glucose levels and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. In a randomised crossover study, 19 patients with type 2 diabetes (13 men /6 women, 63 ± 9 years old) who were not using insulin each followed three regimens under free-living condition s, each lasting 4 days: (1) Sitting: 4415 steps / day with 14 h sitting / day; (2) Exercise: 4823 steps / day with 1.1 h/ day of sitting replaced by moderate - to vigorous-intensity cycling (at an intensity of 5.9 metabolic equivalents [METs]); and (3) Sit Less: 17,502 steps / day with 4.7 h/ day of sitting replaced by standing and light-intensity walking (an additional 2.5 h and 2.2 h, respectively, compared with the hours spent doing these activities in the Sitting regimen). Blocked randomisation was performed using a block size of six regimen orders using sealed, non-translucent envelopes. Individuals who assessed the outcomes were blinded to group assignment. Meals were standardised during each intervention. Physical activity and glucose levels were assessed for 24 h/ day by accelerometry (activPAL) and a glucose monitor (iPro2), respectively. The incremental AUC (iAUC) for 24 h glucose (primary outcome) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were assessed on days 4 and 5, respectively. The iAUC for 24 h glucose (mean ± SEM) was significantly lower during the Sit Less intervention than in Sitting (1263 ± 189 min × mmol/l vs 1974 ± 324 min × mmol/l; p = 0.002), and was similar between Sit Less and Exercise (Exercise: 1383 ± 194 min × mmol/l; p = 0.499). Exercise failed to improve HOMA2-IR compared with Sitting (2.06 ± 0.28 vs 2.16 ± 0.26; p = 0.177). In contrast, Sit Less (1.89 ± 0.26) significantly reduced HOMA2-IR compared with Exercise (p = 0.015) as well as Sitting (p = 0.001). Breaking sitting with standing and light-intensity walking effectively improved 24 h glucose levels and improved insulin sensitivity in individuals with type 2 diabetes to a greater extent than structured exercise. Thus, our results suggest that breaking sitting with standing and light-intensity walking may be an alternative to structured exercise to promote glycaemic control in patients type 2 diabetes. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02371239 FUNDING:: The study was supported by a Kootstra grant from Maastricht University Medical Centre(+), and the Dutch Heart Foundation. Financial support was also provided by Novo Nordisk BV, and Medtronic and Roche made the equipment available for continuous glucose monitoring.
27904925	0	16	Breaking sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	22	38	light activities	T052	C0441655
27904925	42	61	structured exercise	T056	C0015259
27904925	65	91	randomised crossover study	T062	C0150097
27904925	106	114	benefits	T081	C0814225
27904925	119	136	glycaemic control	T061	C3267174
27904925	141	160	insulin sensitivity	T046	C0920563
27904925	164	179	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27904925	204	214	effects of	T080	C1704420
27904925	224	231	sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	237	245	standing	T082	C0231472
27904925	250	273	light-intensity walking	T056	C0080331
27904925	280	286	energy	T081	C1442080
27904925	304	323	structured exercise	T056	C0015259
27904925	332	346	glucose levels	T034	C0428548
27904925	351	369	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27904925	373	381	patients	T101	C0030705
27904925	387	402	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27904925	409	435	randomised crossover study	T062	C0150097
27904925	440	448	patients	T101	C0030705
27904925	454	469	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27904925	474	477	men	T098	C0025266
27904925	481	486	women	T098	C0043210
27904925	495	500	years	T079	C1510829
27904925	525	532	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27904925	553	561	regimens	T061	C0040808
27904925	568	589	free-living condition	T080	C0337645
27904925	608	612	days	T079	C0439228
27904925	618	625	Sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	632	637	steps	T081	C3814463
27904925	640	643	day	T079	C0439228
27904925	654	661	sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	664	667	day	T079	C0439228
27904925	673	681	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27904925	688	693	steps	T081	C3814463
27904925	696	699	day	T079	C0439228
27904925	712	715	day	T079	C0439228
27904925	719	726	sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	739	747	moderate	T080	C0205081
27904925	753	779	vigorous-intensity cycling	T056	C0026606
27904925	787	796	intensity	T080	C0522510
27904925	804	825	metabolic equivalents	T081	C1552986
27904925	827	831	METs	T081	C1552986
27904925	843	851	Sit Less	T061	C0184661
27904925	860	865	steps	T081	C3814463
27904925	868	871	day	T079	C0439228
27904925	884	887	day	T079	C0439228
27904925	891	898	sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	911	919	standing	T082	C0231472
27904925	924	947	light-intensity walking	T056	C0080331
27904925	1012	1017	hours	T079	C0439227
27904925	1036	1046	activities	T052	C0441655
27904925	1054	1061	Sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	1062	1069	regimen	T061	C0040808
27904925	1072	1093	Blocked randomisation	T062	C0034656
27904925	1098	1107	performed	T169	C0884358
27904925	1116	1126	block size	T082	C0456389
27904925	1134	1141	regimen	T061	C0040808
27904925	1190	1201	Individuals	T098	C0237401
27904925	1206	1214	assessed	T052	C1516048
27904925	1219	1227	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27904925	1233	1240	blinded	T062	C0150108
27904925	1244	1249	group	T078	C0441833
27904925	1250	1260	assignment	T169	C1516050
27904925	1262	1267	Meals	T056	C1998602
27904925	1273	1285	standardised	T080	C0597996
27904925	1298	1310	intervention	T058	C1273869
27904925	1312	1329	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
27904925	1334	1348	glucose levels	T034	C0428548
27904925	1354	1362	assessed	T052	C1516048
27904925	1373	1376	day	T079	C0439228
27904925	1380	1393	accelerometry	T060	C0441677
27904925	1395	1403	activPAL	T060	C0430022
27904925	1411	1434	glucose monitor (iPro2)	T074	C0025080
27904925	1454	1465	incremental	T081	C1705117
27904925	1466	1469	AUC	T081	C0376690
27904925	1471	1475	iAUC	T081	C0376690
27904925	1486	1493	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27904925	1495	1510	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
27904925	1516	1534	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
27904925	1536	1544	HOMA2-IR	T046	C0021655
27904925	1551	1559	assessed	T052	C1516048
27904925	1563	1567	days	T079	C0439228
27904925	1595	1599	iAUC	T081	C0376690
27904925	1609	1616	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27904925	1634	1653	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27904925	1665	1686	Sit Less intervention	T061	C0184661
27904925	1695	1702	Sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	1792	1800	Sit Less	T061	C0184661
27904925	1805	1813	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27904925	1815	1823	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27904925	1862	1870	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27904925	1889	1897	HOMA2-IR	T046	C0021655
27904925	1912	1919	Sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	1974	1982	Sit Less	T061	C0184661
27904925	2011	2018	reduced	T080	C0392756
27904925	2019	2027	HOMA2-IR	T046	C0021655
27904925	2042	2050	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27904925	2074	2081	Sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	2095	2111	Breaking sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	2117	2125	standing	T082	C0231472
27904925	2130	2153	light-intensity walking	T056	C0080331
27904925	2180	2194	glucose levels	T034	C0428548
27904925	2199	2207	improved	T033	C0184511
27904925	2208	2227	insulin sensitivity	T046	C0920563
27904925	2231	2242	individuals	T098	C0237401
27904925	2248	2263	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27904925	2289	2308	structured exercise	T056	C0015259
27904925	2320	2327	results	T169	C1274040
27904925	2341	2357	breaking sitting	T039	C2584297
27904925	2363	2371	standing	T082	C0231472
27904925	2376	2399	light-intensity walking	T056	C0080331
27904925	2425	2444	structured exercise	T056	C0015259
27904925	2456	2473	glycaemic control	T061	C3267174
27904925	2477	2485	patients	T101	C0030705
27904925	2486	2501	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860

27905023|t|Distinct cortical and sub-cortical neurogenic domains for GABAergic interneuron precursor transcription factors NKX2.1, OLIG2 and COUP-TFII in early fetal human telencephalon
27905023|a|The extent of similarities and differences between cortical GABAergic interneuron generation in rodent and primate telencephalon remains contentious. We examined expression of three interneuron precursor transcription factors, alongside other markers, using immunohistochemistry on 8-12 post-conceptional weeks (PCW) human telencephalon sections. NKX2.1, OLIG2, and COUP-TFII expression occupied distinct (although overlapping) neurogenic domains which extended into the cortex and revealed three CGE compartments: lateral, medial, and ventral. NKX2.1 expression was very largely confined to the MGE, medial CGE, and ventral septum confirming that, at this developmental stage, interneuron generation from NKX2.1 + precursor s closely resembles the process observed in rodents. OLIG2 immunoreactivity was observed in GABAergic cells of the proliferative zones of the MGE and septum, but not necessarily co-expressed with NKX2.1, and OLIG2 expression was also extensively seen in the LGE, CGE, and cortex. At 8 PCW, OLIG2 + cells were only present in the medial and anterior cortical wall suggesting a migratory pathway for interneuron precursor s via the septum into the medial cortex. By 12 PCW, OLIG2 + cells were present throughout the cortex and many were actively dividing but without co-expressing cortical progenitor markers. Dividing COUP-TFII + progenitor cells were localized to ventral CGE as previously described but were also numerous in adjacent ventral cortex; in both the cases, COUP-TFII was co-expressed with PAX6 in proliferative zones and TBR1 or calretinin in post- mitotic cortical neurons. Thus COUP-TFII + progenitors gave rise to pyramidal cells, but also interneurons which not only migrated posteriorly into the cortex from ventral CGE but also anteriorly via the LGE.
27905023	0	53	Distinct cortical and sub-cortical neurogenic domains	T025	C2333134
27905023	58	67	GABAergic	T043	C1816494
27905023	68	79	interneuron	T025	C0021792
27905023	80	89	precursor	T078	C1709634
27905023	90	111	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27905023	112	118	NKX2.1	T116,T123	C1452466
27905023	120	125	OLIG2	T116	C2347389
27905023	130	139	COUP-TFII	T116,T192	C1506576
27905023	149	154	fetal	T169	C0521457
27905023	155	160	human	T016	C0086418
27905023	161	174	telencephalon	T018	C0231028
27905023	189	201	similarities	T080	C2348205
27905023	206	217	differences	T080	C1705242
27905023	226	267	cortical GABAergic interneuron generation	T043	C1818464
27905023	271	277	rodent	T015	C0035804
27905023	282	289	primate	T015	C0033147
27905023	290	303	telencephalon	T018	C0231028
27905023	337	347	expression	T045	C1171362
27905023	357	368	interneuron	T025	C0021792
27905023	369	378	precursor	T078	C1709634
27905023	379	400	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27905023	418	425	markers	T201	C0005516
27905023	433	453	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27905023	462	485	post-conceptional weeks	T032	C3827345
27905023	487	490	PCW	T032	C3827345
27905023	492	497	human	T016	C0086418
27905023	498	511	telencephalon	T018	C0231028
27905023	522	528	NKX2.1	T116,T123	C1452466
27905023	530	535	OLIG2	T116	C2347389
27905023	541	550	COUP-TFII	T116,T192	C1506576
27905023	551	561	expression	T045	C1171362
27905023	603	621	neurogenic domains	T025	C0027882
27905023	646	652	cortex	T023	C0007776
27905023	672	688	CGE compartments	T018	C1268212
27905023	690	697	lateral	T082	C0205093
27905023	699	705	medial	T082	C0205098
27905023	711	718	ventral	T082	C1704448
27905023	720	726	NKX2.1	T116,T123	C1452466
27905023	727	737	expression	T045	C1171362
27905023	771	774	MGE	T018	C1268212
27905023	776	782	medial	T082	C0205098
27905023	783	786	CGE	T018	C1268212
27905023	792	799	ventral	T082	C1704448
27905023	800	806	septum	T023	C0936188
27905023	832	851	developmental stage	T079	C0870411
27905023	853	864	interneuron	T025	C0021792
27905023	881	887	NKX2.1	T116,T123	C1452466
27905023	890	899	precursor	T078	C1709634
27905023	944	951	rodents	T015	C0035804
27905023	953	958	OLIG2	T116	C2347389
27905023	959	975	immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
27905023	992	1007	GABAergic cells	T025	C0815002
27905023	1015	1028	proliferative	T043	C0596290
27905023	1029	1034	zones	T082	C1710706
27905023	1042	1045	MGE	T018	C1268212
27905023	1050	1056	septum	T023	C0936188
27905023	1096	1102	NKX2.1	T116,T123	C1452466
27905023	1108	1113	OLIG2	T116	C2347389
27905023	1114	1124	expression	T045	C1171362
27905023	1158	1161	LGE	T018	C1268212
27905023	1163	1166	CGE	T018	C1268212
27905023	1172	1178	cortex	T023	C0007776
27905023	1185	1188	PCW	T032	C3827345
27905023	1190	1195	OLIG2	T116	C2347389
27905023	1198	1203	cells	T025	C0815002
27905023	1229	1235	medial	T082	C0205098
27905023	1240	1248	anterior	T082	C0205094
27905023	1249	1262	cortical wall	T023	C0007776
27905023	1276	1285	migratory	T169	C0232901
27905023	1286	1293	pathway	T077	C1705987
27905023	1298	1309	interneuron	T025	C0021792
27905023	1310	1319	precursor	T078	C1709634
27905023	1330	1336	septum	T023	C0936188
27905023	1346	1352	medial	T082	C0205098
27905023	1353	1359	cortex	T023	C0007776
27905023	1367	1370	PCW	T032	C3827345
27905023	1372	1377	OLIG2	T116	C2347389
27905023	1380	1385	cells	T025	C0815002
27905023	1414	1420	cortex	T023	C0007776
27905023	1444	1452	dividing	T169	C0332849
27905023	1479	1487	cortical	T023	C0007776
27905023	1488	1498	progenitor	T025	C0038250
27905023	1499	1506	markers	T201	C0005516
27905023	1517	1526	COUP-TFII	T116,T192	C1506576
27905023	1529	1545	progenitor cells	T025	C0038250
27905023	1551	1560	localized	T082	C0392752
27905023	1564	1571	ventral	T082	C1704448
27905023	1572	1575	CGE	T018	C1268212
27905023	1635	1642	ventral	T082	C1704448
27905023	1643	1649	cortex	T023	C0007776
27905023	1670	1679	COUP-TFII	T116,T192	C1506576
27905023	1702	1706	PAX6	T116,T123	C4308210
27905023	1710	1723	proliferative	T043	C0596290
27905023	1724	1729	zones	T082	C1710706
27905023	1734	1738	TBR1	T116,T123	C3501502
27905023	1742	1752	calretinin	T116,T192	C0054544
27905023	1762	1769	mitotic	T080	C1513354
27905023	1770	1786	cortical neurons	T025	C2333134
27905023	1793	1802	COUP-TFII	T116,T192	C1506576
27905023	1805	1816	progenitors	T025	C0038250
27905023	1830	1845	pyramidal cells	T025	C0206441
27905023	1856	1868	interneurons	T025	C0021792
27905023	1884	1892	migrated	T169	C0232902
27905023	1914	1920	cortex	T023	C0007776
27905023	1926	1933	ventral	T082	C1704448
27905023	1934	1937	CGE	T018	C1268212
27905023	1947	1957	anteriorly	T082	C0205094
27905023	1966	1969	LGE	T018	C1268212

27905033|t|Reaction of Lymphoid Organs to Injection of Iron - Carbon Nanoparticles
27905033|a|The distribution of iron - carbon nanoparticles in FeC-DSPE-PEG-2000 modification (micellar particles with structure (Fe) core - carbon shell; PEG -based coating) is studied. The greater part of the nanoparticles accumulated in the spleen and liver, a small amount in the lungs, and the minimum amount in the thymus. The structural changes in the lymphoid organs were minor and involved only the microcirculatory bed. Analysis of the peripheral blood showed manifest anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis.
27905033	0	8	Reaction	T169	C0443286
27905033	12	27	Lymphoid Organs	T023	C0502330
27905033	31	40	Injection	T061	C0021485
27905033	44	48	Iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27905033	51	57	Carbon	T196	C0007009
27905033	58	71	Nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27905033	76	88	distribution	T039	C1378698
27905033	92	96	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27905033	99	105	carbon	T196	C0007009
27905033	106	119	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27905033	123	140	FeC-DSPE-PEG-2000	T121	C1254351
27905033	141	153	modification	T169	C0392747
27905033	155	173	micellar particles	T109	C0025938
27905033	179	188	structure	T082	C0678594
27905033	190	192	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27905033	194	198	core	T082	C0444669
27905033	201	207	carbon	T196	C0007009
27905033	208	213	shell	T080	C1948022
27905033	215	218	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27905033	226	233	coating	T080	C1522408
27905033	271	284	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27905033	304	310	spleen	T023	C0037993
27905033	315	320	liver	T023	C0023884
27905033	344	349	lungs	T023	C0024109
27905033	381	387	thymus	T023	C0040113
27905033	393	411	structural changes	T020	C0221430
27905033	419	434	lymphoid organs	T023	C0502330
27905033	468	488	microcirculatory bed	T023	C1513268
27905033	490	498	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27905033	506	522	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27905033	539	545	anemia	T047	C0002871
27905033	547	563	thrombocytopenia	T047	C0040034
27905033	569	581	leukocytosis	T046	C0023518

27905097|t|Novel biomarkers in primary breast core biopsies to predict poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and appearance of metastases
27905097|a|Drug resistance has been one of the major obstacles limiting the success of cancer chemotherapy. In two thirds of breast cancer patients, large (>1cm) residual tumors are present after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). The residual tumor and involved nodes have been indicators of relapse and survival very important in breast cancer. The goal of this preliminary study was to assess the predictive significance of a panel of molecular biomarkers, related with the response to treatment or drug resistance to NCT, as determined on the diagnostic tumor. The expression of 22 proteins was examined using immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays (TMA) from 115 patients of stage II - III breast cancer, treated with NCT. Among studied proteins, there are some that are anti-apoptotic, pro-proliferative, cancer stem cell markers and the Vitamin D Receptor. Other proteins are involved in the identification of molecular subtype, cell cycle regulation or DNA repair. Next, a predictive signature of poor response was generated from independent markers of predictive value. Tumors that expressed four or five conditions (biomarkers of chemoresistance with a determinated cutoff) were associated with a 9-fold increase in the chances of these patients of having a poor response to NCT. Additionally, we also found a worse prognostic signature, generated from independent markers of prognostic value. Tumors which expressed two or three conditions of worst prognostic, were associated with a 6-fold reduction in Distant Disease Free Survival. In conclusion, finding biomarkers of chemoresitance (ypTNM II-III) and metastases can become a stepping stone for future studies that will need to be assessed in a bigger scale.
27905097	6	16	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
27905097	20	27	primary	T080	C0205225
27905097	28	48	breast core biopsies	T060	C0191853
27905097	60	73	poor response	T033	C1320680
27905097	77	101	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
27905097	106	116	appearance	T080	C0205556
27905097	120	130	metastases	T191	C0027627
27905097	131	146	Drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27905097	196	203	success	T080	C0679864
27905097	207	213	cancer	T191	C0006826
27905097	214	226	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27905097	245	258	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27905097	259	267	patients	T101	C0030705
27905097	282	297	residual tumors	T191	C0543478
27905097	316	340	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
27905097	342	345	NCT	T061	C4272610
27905097	352	366	residual tumor	T191	C0543478
27905097	380	385	nodes	T023	C0746922
27905097	396	406	indicators	T130	C0021212
27905097	410	417	relapse	T067	C0035020
27905097	422	430	survival	T169	C0220921
27905097	449	462	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27905097	506	512	assess	T058	C0184514
27905097	517	527	predictive	T080	C0681890
27905097	528	540	significance	T078	C0750502
27905097	546	551	panel	T078	C0441833
27905097	555	575	molecular biomarkers	T123	C0041366
27905097	594	615	response to treatment	T201	C0521982
27905097	619	634	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
27905097	638	641	NCT	T061	C4272610
27905097	664	674	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27905097	675	680	tumor	T191	C0027651
27905097	686	696	expression	T045	C1171362
27905097	703	711	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27905097	731	751	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
27905097	755	773	tissue microarrays	T075	C1519522
27905097	775	778	TMA	T075	C1519522
27905097	789	797	patients	T101	C0030705
27905097	801	809	stage II	T191	C0278486
27905097	812	829	III breast cancer	T191	C0278487
27905097	831	838	treated	T169	C1522326
27905097	844	847	NCT	T061	C4272610
27905097	863	871	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27905097	897	911	anti-apoptotic	T123	C0574031
27905097	913	930	pro-proliferative	T123	C0574031
27905097	932	956	cancer stem cell markers	T123	C0574031
27905097	965	983	Vitamin D Receptor	T116,T192	C0108082
27905097	991	999	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27905097	1038	1055	molecular subtype	T185	C0449560
27905097	1057	1078	cell cycle regulation	T043	C1155872
27905097	1082	1092	DNA repair	T045	C0012899
27905097	1102	1112	predictive	T080	C0681890
27905097	1113	1122	signature	T169	C1704864
27905097	1131	1139	response	T044	C1148560
27905097	1159	1170	independent	T078	C0085862
27905097	1171	1178	markers	T123	C0041366
27905097	1182	1198	predictive value	T080	C1514307
27905097	1200	1206	Tumors	T191	C0027651
27905097	1235	1245	conditions	T080	C0348080
27905097	1247	1257	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
27905097	1261	1276	chemoresistance	T169	C4281815
27905097	1297	1303	cutoff	T169	C1442160
27905097	1310	1325	associated with	T080	C0332281
27905097	1335	1343	increase	T169	C0442805
27905097	1368	1376	patients	T101	C0030705
27905097	1389	1402	poor response	T033	C1320680
27905097	1406	1409	NCT	T061	C4272610
27905097	1447	1467	prognostic signature	T169	C1704864
27905097	1484	1495	independent	T078	C0085862
27905097	1496	1503	markers	T123	C0041366
27905097	1507	1523	prognostic value	T080	C0205556
27905097	1525	1531	Tumors	T191	C0027651
27905097	1561	1571	conditions	T080	C0348080
27905097	1581	1591	prognostic	T080	C0205556
27905097	1598	1613	associated with	T080	C0332281
27905097	1623	1632	reduction	T081	C0547047
27905097	1636	1665	Distant Disease Free Survival	T081	C0242793
27905097	1682	1689	finding	T033	C0243095
27905097	1690	1700	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
27905097	1704	1718	chemoresitance	T169	C4281815
27905097	1720	1732	ypTNM II-III	T185	C0008902
27905097	1738	1748	metastases	T191	C0027627

27905324|t|Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast A single Center experience and review of the literature
27905324|a|Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the breast is an extremely rare tumor. A standard treatment has yet to be established because only a few cases have been reported in literature. The authors report five cases observed from January 2007 to December 2014 and a review of literature. Four patients underwent quadrantectomy and in two cases axillary nodal dissection and only one to mastectomy with axillary nodal dissection. Tumor size was from T1 to T2 with N0 to N1, according TNM classification. Pathological specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and an immunohistochemical panel of antibodies (Neuron-specific enolase, Chromogranin, Synaptophysin, Estrogen and Progesterone receptors, c-erb and Ki-67). All cases showed markers positivity to Neuron-specific enolase, Chromogranin, Synaptophysin and Estrogen and Progesterone receptors were found. Ki-67 was higher than 40% in four patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administrated in patients with Ki-67 >10%; every patients were treated with radiotherapy and with hormonal therapy too. Although Neuroendocrine breast tumor is considered a distinct entity, the best treatment seems to be correlate to the size of tumor and to the lymph node status and to Ki-67 index like the common breast cancer. Diagnosis, Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma.
27905324	0	32	Primary neuroendocrine carcinoma	T191	C0206695
27905324	40	46	breast	T023	C0006141
27905324	49	73	single Center experience	T041	C0596545
27905324	78	102	review of the literature	T170	C0282441
27905324	103	127	Neuroendocrine carcinoma	T191	C0206695
27905324	135	141	breast	T023	C0006141
27905324	148	157	extremely	T080	C0205403
27905324	158	162	rare	T080	C0522498
27905324	163	168	tumor	T191	C0027651
27905324	172	180	standard	T080	C1442989
27905324	181	190	treatment	T061	C0087111
27905324	205	216	established	T080	C0443211
27905324	236	241	cases	T077	C1706256
27905324	264	274	literature	T170	C0023866
27905324	280	287	authors	T097	C3812881
27905324	300	305	cases	T077	C1706256
27905324	320	327	January	T080	C3829466
27905324	336	344	December	T080	C3830550
27905324	356	376	review of literature	T170	C0282441
27905324	383	391	patients	T101	C0030705
27905324	402	416	quadrantectomy	T061	C0337354
27905324	428	433	cases	T077	C1706256
27905324	434	459	axillary nodal dissection	T061	C0024203
27905324	476	486	mastectomy	T061	C0024881
27905324	492	517	axillary nodal dissection	T061	C0024203
27905324	519	529	Tumor size	T082	C0475440
27905324	539	541	T1	T033	C0475372
27905324	545	547	T2	T033	C0475373
27905324	553	555	N0	T033	C0441959
27905324	559	561	N1	T033	C0441962
27905324	573	591	TNM classification	T185	C0809869
27905324	593	615	Pathological specimens	T031	C0444061
27905324	621	628	stained	T080	C2986582
27905324	634	645	hematoxylin	T109,T130	C0018964
27905324	650	655	eosin	T130	C0021212
27905324	663	682	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27905324	683	688	panel	T078	C0441833
27905324	692	702	antibodies	T130	C0813154
27905324	704	727	Neuron-specific enolase	T129	C0003320
27905324	729	741	Chromogranin	T116,T129	C0486578
27905324	743	756	Synaptophysin	T116,T129	C0487636
27905324	758	766	Estrogen	T116,T129	C1545287
27905324	771	793	Progesterone receptors	T116,T129	C1545448
27905324	795	800	c-erb	T129	C0003320
27905324	805	810	Ki-67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
27905324	817	822	cases	T077	C1706256
27905324	830	837	markers	T080	C0162490
27905324	852	875	Neuron-specific enolase	T129	C0003320
27905324	877	889	Chromogranin	T116,T129	C0486578
27905324	891	904	Synaptophysin	T116,T129	C0487636
27905324	909	917	Estrogen	T116,T129	C1545287
27905324	922	944	Progesterone receptors	T116,T129	C1545448
27905324	957	962	Ki-67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
27905324	991	999	patients	T101	C0030705
27905324	1001	1022	Adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
27905324	1027	1040	administrated	T061	C1533734
27905324	1044	1052	patients	T101	C0030705
27905324	1058	1063	Ki-67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
27905324	1076	1084	patients	T101	C0030705
27905324	1090	1097	treated	T169	C1522326
27905324	1103	1115	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27905324	1125	1141	hormonal therapy	T061	C0279025
27905324	1156	1183	Neuroendocrine breast tumor	T191	C3544078
27905324	1209	1215	entity	T071	C1551338
27905324	1226	1235	treatment	T061	C0087111
27905324	1248	1257	correlate	T080	C1707520
27905324	1265	1278	size of tumor	T082	C0475440
27905324	1290	1300	lymph node	T023	C0024204
27905324	1301	1307	status	T080	C0449438
27905324	1315	1320	Ki-67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
27905324	1321	1326	index	T170	C0600653
27905324	1343	1356	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27905324	1358	1367	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27905324	1369	1400	Neuroendocrine breast carcinoma	T191	C0206695

27905930|t|Combinatory optimization of chromosomal integrated mevalonate pathway for β-carotene production in Escherichia coli
27905930|a|Plasmid expression is a popular method in studies of MVA pathway for isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli. However, heterologous gene expression with plasmid is often not stable and might burden growth of host cells, decreases cell mass and product yield. In this study, MVA pathway was divided into three modules, and two heterologous modules were integrated into the E. coli chromosome. These modules were individually modulated with regulatory parts to optimize efficiency of the pathway in terms of downstream isoprenoid production. MVA pathway modules Hmg1 - erg12 operon and mvaS - mvaA - mavD1 operon were integrated into E. coli chromosome followed by modulation with promoters with varied strength. Along with activation of atoB, a 26% increase of β-carotene production with no effect on cell growth was obtained. With a combinatory modulation of two key enzymes mvas and Hmg1 with degenerate RBS library, β-carotene showed a further increase of 51%. Our study provides a novel strategy for improving production of a target compound through integration and modulation of heterologous pathways in both transcription and translation level. In addition, a genetically hard-coded chassis with both efficient MEP and MVA pathways for isoprenoid precursor supply was constructed in this work.
27905930	0	11	Combinatory	T080	C0205195
27905930	12	24	optimization	T052	C2698650
27905930	28	39	chromosomal	T026	C0008633
27905930	40	50	integrated	T045	C1158478
27905930	51	69	mevalonate pathway	T044	C1622458
27905930	74	84	β-carotene	T109,T121,T127	C0053396
27905930	85	95	production	T169	C0005572
27905930	99	115	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27905930	116	123	Plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27905930	124	134	expression	T045	C0017262
27905930	148	154	method	T170	C0025663
27905930	158	165	studies	T062	C2603343
27905930	169	180	MVA pathway	T044	C1622458
27905930	185	195	isoprenoid	T109	C0682996
27905930	210	226	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27905930	237	249	heterologous	T080	C0439860
27905930	250	265	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27905930	271	278	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
27905930	292	298	stable	T080	C0205360
27905930	309	315	burden	T078	C2828008
27905930	316	322	growth	T043	C0007595
27905930	326	336	host cells	T026	C1819995
27905930	338	347	decreases	T081	C0547047
27905930	348	352	cell	T025	C0007634
27905930	353	357	mass	T081	C1306372
27905930	362	369	product	T071	C1514468
27905930	370	375	yield	T081	C0392762
27905930	392	403	MVA pathway	T044	C1622458
27905930	408	415	divided	T169	C0332849
27905930	427	434	modules	T077	C1709061
27905930	444	456	heterologous	T080	C0439860
27905930	457	464	modules	T044	C1959595
27905930	470	480	integrated	T045	C1158478
27905930	490	497	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27905930	498	508	chromosome	T026	C0008633
27905930	516	523	modules	T044	C1959595
27905930	542	551	modulated	UnknownType	C0678672
27905930	577	585	optimize	T052	C2698650
27905930	586	596	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27905930	604	611	pathway	T044	C1704259
27905930	635	645	isoprenoid	T109	C0682996
27905930	646	656	production	T169	C0005572
27905930	658	669	MVA pathway	T044	C1622458
27905930	670	677	modules	T044	C1959595
27905930	678	682	Hmg1	T028	C1415615
27905930	685	690	erg12	T028	C1417508
27905930	691	697	operon	T028	C0029073
27905930	702	706	mvaS	T028	C1415616
27905930	709	713	mvaA	T028	C1415615
27905930	716	721	mavD1	T028	C0017337
27905930	722	728	operon	T028	C0029073
27905930	734	744	integrated	T045	C1158478
27905930	750	757	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27905930	758	768	chromosome	T026	C0008633
27905930	781	791	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27905930	797	806	promoters	T028	C0314621
27905930	812	827	varied strength	T078	C0808080
27905930	840	850	activation	T045	C0017255
27905930	854	858	atoB	T028	C1412111
27905930	866	874	increase	T169	C0442805
27905930	878	888	β-carotene	T109,T121,T127	C0053396
27905930	889	899	production	T169	C0005572
27905930	905	914	no effect	T080	C1301751
27905930	918	929	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27905930	951	962	combinatory	T080	C0205195
27905930	963	973	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27905930	985	992	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27905930	993	997	mvas	T116,T126	C0020375
27905930	1002	1006	Hmg1	T116,T126	C0020374
27905930	1012	1034	degenerate RBS library	T028,T114	C0017272
27905930	1036	1046	β-carotene	T109,T121,T127	C0053396
27905930	1064	1072	increase	T169	C0442805
27905930	1085	1090	study	T062	C2603343
27905930	1121	1130	improving	T080	C1272745
27905930	1147	1153	target	T169	C1521840
27905930	1154	1162	compound	T103	C1706082
27905930	1171	1182	integration	T045	C1158478
27905930	1187	1197	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
27905930	1201	1213	heterologous	T080	C0439860
27905930	1214	1222	pathways	T044	C1704259
27905930	1231	1244	transcription	T045	C0040649
27905930	1249	1260	translation	T045	C1519614
27905930	1261	1266	level	T080	C0441889
27905930	1268	1279	In addition	T169	C0332287
27905930	1324	1333	efficient	T080	C0442799
27905930	1334	1337	MEP	T044	C1157342
27905930	1342	1354	MVA pathways	T044	C1622458
27905930	1359	1369	isoprenoid	T109	C0682996
27905930	1370	1379	precursor	T078	C1709634
27905930	1380	1386	supply	T078	C0243163

27905972|t|A new parametric model to assess delay and compression of mortality
27905972|a|A decrease in mortality across all ages causes a shift of the age pattern of mortality, or mortality delay, while differences in the rate of decrease across ages cause a change in the shape of the age-at-death distribution, mortality compression or expansion. Evidence exists for both compression and delay of mortality. Existing parametric models to describe the full age pattern of mortality are not able to capture mortality delay versus mortality compression. More recent models that assess delay versus compression mostly focused on the adult or old ages alone and did not distinguish mortality compression below and above the modal age at death, although they represent different mechanisms. This paper presents a new parametric model that describes the full age pattern of mortality and assesses compression - at different stages of life - and delay of mortality: the CoDe model. The model includes 10 parameters, of which five are constant over time. The five time -varying parameters reflect delay of mortality and compression of mortality in infancy, adolescence, young adulthood, late adulthood, and old age. The model describes infant and background mortality by two simple functions, uses a mixed logistic model with different slopes in adult, middle, and old age, and includes the modal age at death as a parameter to account for the delay in mortality. Applying the CoDe model to age - specific probabilities of death for Japanese, French, American, and Danish men and women between 1950 and 2010 showed a very good fit of the full age pattern of mortality. Delay of mortality explained about two-thirds of the increase in life expectancy at birth, whereas compression of mortality due to mortality declines in young age explained about one-third. No strong compression of mortality in late adulthood age was observed. Mortality compression in old age has had a small negative impact on life expectancy. The CoDe model proved a valid instrument for describing the full age pattern of mortality and for disentangling the effects of mortality delay and compression - at different stages of life - on the increase in life expectancy.
27905972	6	22	parametric model	T170	C3161035
27905972	26	32	assess	T052	C1516048
27905972	33	38	delay	T079	C0205421
27905972	43	54	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	58	67	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	70	78	decrease	T081	C0547047
27905972	82	91	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	103	107	ages	T032	C0001779
27905972	130	133	age	T032	C0001779
27905972	134	141	pattern	T082	C0449774
27905972	145	154	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	159	168	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	169	174	delay	T079	C0205421
27905972	182	193	differences	T080	C1705242
27905972	201	205	rate	T081	C1521828
27905972	209	217	decrease	T081	C0547047
27905972	225	229	ages	T032	C0001779
27905972	252	257	shape	T082	C0332479
27905972	265	277	age-at-death	T033	C1546180
27905972	278	290	distribution	T169	C1704711
27905972	292	301	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	302	313	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	317	326	expansion	T169	C0442805
27905972	328	336	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27905972	353	364	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	369	374	delay	T079	C0205421
27905972	378	387	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	398	415	parametric models	T170	C3161035
27905972	437	440	age	T032	C0001779
27905972	441	448	pattern	T082	C0449774
27905972	452	461	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	486	495	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	496	501	delay	T079	C0205421
27905972	509	518	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	519	530	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	544	550	models	T170	C3161035
27905972	563	568	delay	T079	C0205421
27905972	576	587	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	610	615	adult	T100	C0001675
27905972	619	627	old ages	T098	C1999167
27905972	658	667	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	668	679	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	700	709	modal age	T032	C0001779
27905972	713	718	death	T033	C1306577
27905972	744	753	different	T080	C1705242
27905972	754	764	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27905972	771	776	paper	T170	C1706852
27905972	792	808	parametric model	T170	C3161035
27905972	833	836	age	T032	C0001779
27905972	837	844	pattern	T082	C0449774
27905972	848	857	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	871	882	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	888	897	different	T080	C1705242
27905972	898	912	stages of life	T079	C0680083
27905972	919	924	delay	T079	C0205421
27905972	928	937	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	943	953	CoDe model	T170	C3161035
27905972	959	964	model	T170	C3161035
27905972	977	987	parameters	T077	C0549193
27905972	1007	1015	constant	T080	C1948059
27905972	1021	1025	time	T079	C0040223
27905972	1036	1040	time	T079	C0040223
27905972	1050	1060	parameters	T077	C0549193
27905972	1069	1074	delay	T079	C0205421
27905972	1078	1087	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	1092	1103	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	1107	1116	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	1120	1127	infancy	T079	C0231330
27905972	1129	1140	adolescence	T079	C0001578
27905972	1142	1157	young adulthood	T100	C0680085
27905972	1159	1173	late adulthood	T079	C0700597
27905972	1179	1186	old age	T098	C1999167
27905972	1192	1197	model	T170	C3161035
27905972	1208	1214	infant	T100	C0021270
27905972	1230	1239	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	1254	1263	functions	T169	C0542341
27905972	1272	1292	mixed logistic model	T081,T170	C0023965
27905972	1298	1307	different	T080	C1705242
27905972	1308	1314	slopes	T081	C0807955
27905972	1318	1323	adult	T100	C0001675
27905972	1325	1331	middle	T079	C0026062
27905972	1337	1344	old age	T098	C1999167
27905972	1363	1372	modal age	T032	C0001779
27905972	1376	1381	death	T033	C1306577
27905972	1387	1396	parameter	T077	C0549193
27905972	1416	1421	delay	T079	C0205421
27905972	1425	1434	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	1449	1459	CoDe model	T170	C3161035
27905972	1463	1466	age	T032	C0001779
27905972	1469	1477	specific	T080	C0205369
27905972	1478	1491	probabilities	T081	C0033204
27905972	1495	1500	death	T033	C1306577
27905972	1505	1513	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27905972	1515	1521	French	T098	C1556084
27905972	1523	1531	American	T098	C0596070
27905972	1537	1543	Danish	T098	C1257890
27905972	1544	1547	men	T098	C0025266
27905972	1552	1557	women	T098	C0043210
27905972	1615	1618	age	T032	C0001779
27905972	1619	1626	pattern	T082	C0449774
27905972	1630	1639	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	1641	1646	Delay	T079	C0205421
27905972	1650	1659	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	1694	1702	increase	T169	C0442805
27905972	1706	1721	life expectancy	T102	C0023671
27905972	1725	1730	birth	T040	C0005615
27905972	1740	1751	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	1755	1764	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	1772	1790	mortality declines	T081	C0282251
27905972	1794	1803	young age	T033	C4061789
27905972	1841	1852	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	1856	1865	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	1869	1887	late adulthood age	T079	C0700597
27905972	1902	1911	Mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	1912	1923	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	1927	1934	old age	T098	C1999167
27905972	1970	1985	life expectancy	T102	C0023671
27905972	1991	2001	CoDe model	T170	C3161035
27905972	2052	2055	age	T032	C0001779
27905972	2056	2063	pattern	T082	C0449774
27905972	2067	2076	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	2114	2123	mortality	T081	C0205848
27905972	2124	2129	delay	T079	C0205421
27905972	2134	2145	compression	T080	C0392756
27905972	2151	2160	different	T080	C1705242
27905972	2161	2175	stages of life	T079	C0680083
27905972	2185	2193	increase	T169	C0442805
27905972	2197	2212	life expectancy	T102	C0023671

27906082|t|Secondary correction of nasal deformities in cleft lip and palate patients: surgical technique and outcome evaluation
27906082|a|Nasal deformity associated with cleft lip and palate is a highly challenging reconstructive problem in rhinoplasty. In the literature, several operative solutions and evaluation methods have been described, however these do not offer a standard procedure for the surgeon. Our aim was to standardize our surgical technique -as much as the uniqueness of each case allowed it-based on the most frequent deformities we had faced; and to evaluate our results via a postoperative patient satisfaction questionnaire. Between 2012 and 2014 12 consecutive patients with combined cleft lip and palate deformities underwent secondary nasal and septal correction surgery with the same method by the same surgeon. The indications of surgery were, on one hand, difficult nasal breathing and altered nasal function (tendency for chronic rhinosinusitis) and on the other hand the aesthetic look of the nose. No exclusion criteria were stated. In our follow-up study we evaluated our results by using a modified Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire: patients answered the same four questions pre- and postoperatively. Data were statistically analyzed by t-test. Based on the questionnaire, all patients experienced improvement of nasal breathing function, improved appearance of the nose and less stigmatization from the society. According to the t-test, all scores of the four questions improved significantly in the postoperative 4-6 months, compared with the preoperative scores. In our opinion with our standardized surgical steps satisfactory aesthetic and functional results can be achieved. We think the modified ROE questionnaire is an adequate and simple method for the evaluation of our surgical results.
27906082	0	54	Secondary correction of nasal deformities in cleft lip	T061	C0396118
27906082	59	65	palate	T019	C0008925
27906082	66	74	patients	T101	C0030705
27906082	76	94	surgical technique	UnknownType	C0679633
27906082	99	117	outcome evaluation	T057	C0085565
27906082	118	159	Nasal deformity associated with cleft lip	T033	C0426441
27906082	164	170	palate	T019	C0008925
27906082	176	182	highly	T080	C0205250
27906082	183	194	challenging	T080	C0205556
27906082	195	209	reconstructive	T080	C0205556
27906082	210	217	problem	T033	C0033213
27906082	221	232	rhinoplasty	T061	C0035467
27906082	241	251	literature	T170	C0023866
27906082	253	260	several	T081	C0443302
27906082	261	270	operative	T079	C1882154
27906082	285	303	evaluation methods	T062	C2911685
27906082	314	323	described	T078	C1552738
27906082	354	372	standard procedure	T077	C1710183
27906082	381	388	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27906082	394	397	aim	T078	C1947946
27906082	405	416	standardize	T062	C0038136
27906082	421	439	surgical technique	UnknownType	C0679633
27906082	456	466	uniqueness	T080	C1710548
27906082	475	479	case	T077	C1706256
27906082	480	487	allowed	T054	C0683607
27906082	509	517	frequent	T079	C0332183
27906082	518	529	deformities	T080	C1527361
27906082	551	559	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27906082	564	571	results	T034	C0456984
27906082	578	591	postoperative	T033	C0231287
27906082	592	626	patient satisfaction questionnaire	T170	C4054290
27906082	653	664	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27906082	665	673	patients	T101	C0030705
27906082	679	687	combined	T080	C0205195
27906082	688	697	cleft lip	T019	C0008924
27906082	702	720	palate deformities	T019	C1290576
27906082	731	746	secondary nasal	T061	C0396118
27906082	751	776	septal correction surgery	T061	C0189965
27906082	791	797	method	T169	C0449851
27906082	810	817	surgeon	T097	C0582175
27906082	823	837	indications of	T078	C0392360
27906082	838	845	surgery	T061	C0543467
27906082	865	874	difficult	T080	C0332218
27906082	875	890	nasal breathing	T033	C0243095
27906082	895	917	altered nasal function	T039	C0031843
27906082	919	927	tendency	T033	C0243095
27906082	932	954	chronic rhinosinusitis	T047	C0149516
27906082	982	991	aesthetic	T055	C0870111
27906082	1004	1008	nose	T023	C0028429
27906082	1013	1031	exclusion criteria	T169	C0680251
27906082	1037	1043	stated	T169	C1442792
27906082	1052	1067	follow-up study	T062	C0016441
27906082	1071	1080	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27906082	1085	1092	results	T034	C0456984
27906082	1104	1112	modified	T169	C0392747
27906082	1113	1163	Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaire	T170	C4054290
27906082	1165	1173	patients	T101	C0030705
27906082	1174	1182	answered	T061	C0508431
27906082	1197	1206	questions	T170	C1522634
27906082	1207	1211	pre-	T079	C0445204
27906082	1216	1231	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
27906082	1233	1237	Data	T078	C1511726
27906082	1243	1256	statistically	T080	C0205556
27906082	1257	1265	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27906082	1269	1275	t-test	T170	C0871472
27906082	1290	1303	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
27906082	1309	1317	patients	T101	C0030705
27906082	1318	1329	experienced	T041	C0237607
27906082	1330	1341	improvement	T077	C2986411
27906082	1345	1369	nasal breathing function	T040	C0004048
27906082	1371	1379	improved	T033	C0184511
27906082	1380	1390	appearance	T080	C0700364
27906082	1398	1402	nose	T023	C0028429
27906082	1412	1426	stigmatization	T078	C0038330
27906082	1436	1443	society	T092	C0037455
27906082	1462	1468	t-test	T170	C0871472
27906082	1474	1480	scores	T081	C0449820
27906082	1493	1502	questions	T170	C1522634
27906082	1503	1511	improved	T033	C0184511
27906082	1512	1525	significantly	T078	C0750502
27906082	1533	1546	postoperative	T079	C0032790
27906082	1559	1567	compared	T052	C1707455
27906082	1577	1589	preoperative	T079	C0445204
27906082	1590	1596	scores	T081	C0449820
27906082	1605	1612	opinion	T041	C0871010
27906082	1622	1634	standardized	T062	C0038136
27906082	1635	1643	surgical	T061	C0543467
27906082	1650	1662	satisfactory	T170	C1547307
27906082	1663	1672	aesthetic	T055	C0870111
27906082	1677	1687	functional	T169	C0205245
27906082	1688	1695	results	T034	C0456984
27906082	1703	1711	achieved	T053	C0001072
27906082	1735	1752	ROE questionnaire	T170	C4054290
27906082	1759	1767	adequate	T080	C0205411
27906082	1772	1778	simple	T080	C0205352
27906082	1779	1785	method	T169	C0449851
27906082	1794	1804	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27906082	1812	1820	surgical	T061	C0543467
27906082	1821	1828	results	T034	C0456984

27906083|t|Neonatal diffusion tensor brain imaging predicts later motor outcome in preterm neonates with white matter abnormalities
27906083|a|White matter (WM) abnormalities associated with prematurity are one of the most important causes of neurological disability that involves spastic motor deficits in preterm newborns. This study aimed to evaluate regional microstructural changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) associated with WM abnormalities. We prospectively studied extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) preterm infants who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Hanyang University Hospital between February 2011 and February 2014. WM abnormalities were assessed with conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and DTI near term-equivalent age before discharge. Region-of-interests (ROIs) measurements were performed to examine the regional distribution of fractional anisotropy (FA) values. Thirty-two out of 72 ELBW infants underwent conventional MR imaging and DTI at term-equivalent age. Ten of these infants developed WM abnormalities associated with prematurity. Five of ten of those with WM abnormalities developed cerebral palsy (CP). DTI in the WM abnormalities with CP showed a significant reduction of mean FA in the genu of the corpus callosum (p = 0.022), the ipsilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule (p = 0.019), and the ipsilateral centrum semiovale (p = 0.012) compared to normal WM and WM abnormalities without CP. In infants having WM abnormalities with CP, early FA values in neonatal DTI revealed abnormalities of the WM regions prior to the manifestation of hemiparesis. DTI performed at term equivalent age shows different FA values in WM regions among infants with or without WM abnormalities associated with prematurity and/or CP. Low FA values of ROIs in DTI are related with later development of spastic CP in preterm infants with WM abnormalities.
27906083	0	8	Neonatal	T100	C0021289
27906083	9	39	diffusion tensor brain imaging	T060	C1537007
27906083	40	48	predicts	T078	C0681842
27906083	61	68	outcome	T169	C1274040
27906083	72	88	preterm neonates	T100	C4048294
27906083	94	120	white matter abnormalities	T046	C0948163
27906083	121	152	White matter (WM) abnormalities	T046	C0948163
27906083	153	168	associated with	T080	C0332281
27906083	169	180	prematurity	T047	C0021294
27906083	221	244	neurological disability	T184	C0848771
27906083	259	281	spastic motor deficits	T033	C0521654
27906083	285	301	preterm newborns	T100	C4048294
27906083	357	364	changes	T169	C0392747
27906083	368	392	diffusion tensor imaging	T060	C1537007
27906083	394	397	DTI	T060	C1537007
27906083	399	414	associated with	T080	C0332281
27906083	415	431	WM abnormalities	T046	C0948163
27906083	458	516	extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1000 g) preterm infants	T033	C2909925
27906083	526	534	admitted	T058	C0184666
27906083	542	570	Neonatal Intensive Care Unit	T073,T093	C0021709
27906083	574	601	Hanyang University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
27906083	643	659	WM abnormalities	T046	C0948163
27906083	665	673	assessed	T052	C1516048
27906083	692	723	magnetic resonance (MR) imaging	T060	C0024485
27906083	728	731	DTI	T060	C1537007
27906083	753	756	age	T032	C0001779
27906083	764	773	discharge	T058	C0030685
27906083	775	794	Region-of-interests	T082	C0807727
27906083	796	800	ROIs	T082	C0807727
27906083	802	814	measurements	T169	C0242485
27906083	820	829	performed	T169	C0884358
27906083	870	903	fractional anisotropy (FA) values	T080	C0042295
27906083	926	938	ELBW infants	T033	C2909925
27906083	962	972	MR imaging	T060	C0024485
27906083	977	980	DTI	T060	C1537007
27906083	1000	1003	age	T032	C0001779
27906083	1018	1025	infants	T100	C0021270
27906083	1036	1052	WM abnormalities	T046	C0948163
27906083	1053	1068	associated with	T080	C0332281
27906083	1069	1080	prematurity	T033	C0151526
27906083	1108	1124	WM abnormalities	T046	C0948163
27906083	1135	1149	cerebral palsy	T047	C0007789
27906083	1151	1153	CP	T047	C0007789
27906083	1156	1159	DTI	T060	C1537007
27906083	1167	1183	WM abnormalities	T046	C0948163
27906083	1189	1191	CP	T047	C0007789
27906083	1213	1222	reduction	T080	C0392756
27906083	1231	1233	FA	T080	C0042295
27906083	1241	1268	genu of the corpus callosum	T023	C0152321
27906083	1286	1297	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27906083	1298	1336	posterior limb of the internal capsule	T023	C0152344
27906083	1358	1369	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27906083	1370	1387	centrum semiovale	T023	C0228181
27906083	1419	1421	WM	T024	C0682708
27906083	1426	1442	WM abnormalities	T046	C0948163
27906083	1451	1453	CP	T047	C0007789
27906083	1458	1465	infants	T100	C0021270
27906083	1473	1489	WM abnormalities	T046	C0948163
27906083	1495	1497	CP	T047	C0007789
27906083	1505	1514	FA values	T080	C0042295
27906083	1518	1526	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27906083	1527	1530	DTI	T060	C1537007
27906083	1540	1571	abnormalities of the WM regions	T046	C0948163
27906083	1585	1601	manifestation of	T080	C1280464
27906083	1602	1613	hemiparesis	T184	C0018989
27906083	1615	1618	DTI	T060	C1537007
27906083	1619	1628	performed	T169	C0884358
27906083	1648	1651	age	T032	C0001779
27906083	1668	1677	FA values	T080	C0042295
27906083	1681	1691	WM regions	T029	C0005898
27906083	1698	1705	infants	T100	C0021270
27906083	1722	1738	WM abnormalities	T046	C0948163
27906083	1774	1776	CP	T047	C0007789
27906083	1782	1791	FA values	T080	C0042295
27906083	1795	1799	ROIs	T082	C0807727
27906083	1803	1806	DTI	T060	C1537007
27906083	1830	1841	development	T169	C1527148
27906083	1845	1852	spastic	T048	C0443306
27906083	1853	1855	CP	T047	C0007789
27906083	1859	1874	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
27906083	1880	1896	WM abnormalities	T046	C0948163

27906085|t|Tissue-engineered cardiac patch seeded with human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes promoted the regeneration of host cardiomyocytes in a rat model
27906085|a|Thousands of babies are born with congenital heart defects that require surgical repair involving a prosthetic implant. Lack of growth in prosthetic grafts is especially detrimental in pediatric surgery. Cell seeded biodegradable tissue engineered grafts are a novel solution to this problem. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the feasibility of seeding human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPS-CMs) onto a biodegradable cardiac patch. The hiPS-CMs were cultured on a biodegradable patch composed of a polyglycolic acid (PGA) and a 50:50 poly (l-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer (PLCL) for 1 week. Male athymic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 animals each: 1. hiPS-CM seeded group, and 2. Unseeded group. After culture, the cardiac patch was implanted to repair a defect with a diameter of 2 mm created in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) wall. Hearts were explanted at 4 (n = 2), 8 (n = 2), and 16 (n = 6) weeks after patch implantation. Explanted patches were assessed immunohistochemically. Seeded patch explants did not stain positive for α-actinin (marker of cardiomyocytes) at the 4 week time point, suggesting that the cultured hiPS-CMs evacuated the patch in the early phase of tissue remodeling. However, after 16 weeks implantation, the area fraction of positively stained α-actinin cells was significantly higher in the seeded group than in the unseeded group (Seeded group: 6.1 ± 2.8% vs. Unseeded group: 0.95 ± 0.50%, p = 0.004), suggesting cell seeding promoted regenerative proliferation of host cardiomyocytes. Seeded hiPS-CMs were not present in the patch after 4 weeks. However, we surmise that they influenced the regeneration of host cardiomyocytes via a paracrine mechanism. Tissue-engineered hiPS-CMs seeded cardiac patches warrant further investigation for use in the repair of congenital heart diseases.
27906085	0	17	Tissue-engineered	T061	C0596171
27906085	18	31	cardiac patch	T074	C0025080
27906085	32	38	seeded	T059	C1705192
27906085	44	49	human	T016	C0086418
27906085	50	79	induced pluripotent stem cell	T025	C2717959
27906085	88	102	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27906085	116	128	regeneration	T042	C0034963
27906085	132	136	host	T001	C1167395
27906085	137	151	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27906085	157	166	rat model	T015	C0034693
27906085	180	186	babies	T100	C0021270
27906085	191	195	born	T040	C0005615
27906085	201	225	congenital heart defects	T019	C0018798
27906085	239	254	surgical repair	T061	C0374711
27906085	267	285	prosthetic implant	T074	C0021113
27906085	287	301	Lack of growth	T033	C1442754
27906085	305	322	prosthetic grafts	T122	C0677536
27906085	352	369	pediatric surgery	T061	C0087111
27906085	371	375	Cell	T025	C0007634
27906085	376	382	seeded	T059	C1705192
27906085	383	396	biodegradable	T122	C0872311
27906085	397	421	tissue engineered grafts	T074	C2930676
27906085	499	507	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27906085	512	523	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
27906085	527	534	seeding	T059	C1705192
27906085	535	540	human	T016	C0086418
27906085	541	570	induced pluripotent stem cell	T025	C2717959
27906085	579	593	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27906085	595	603	hiPS-CMs	T025	C0225828
27906085	612	625	biodegradable	T122	C0872311
27906085	626	639	cardiac patch	T074	C0025080
27906085	645	653	hiPS-CMs	T025	C0225828
27906085	659	667	cultured	T059	C1331092
27906085	673	686	biodegradable	T122	C0872311
27906085	687	692	patch	T074	C1305400
27906085	707	724	polyglycolic acid	T109,T122	C0032502
27906085	726	729	PGA	T109,T122	C0032502
27906085	743	786	poly (l-lactic-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer	T109	C2935139
27906085	788	792	PLCL	T109	C2935139
27906085	800	804	week	T079	C0439230
27906085	806	810	Male	T032	C0086582
27906085	811	823	athymic rats	T015	C0034713
27906085	853	859	groups	T078	C0441833
27906085	866	873	animals	T008	C0003062
27906085	883	890	hiPS-CM	T025	C0225828
27906085	891	897	seeded	T059	C1705192
27906085	898	903	group	T078	C0441833
27906085	921	926	group	T078	C0441833
27906085	934	941	culture	T059	C1331092
27906085	947	960	cardiac patch	T074	C0025080
27906085	965	974	implanted	T061	C0021107
27906085	978	984	repair	T061	C0374711
27906085	1001	1009	diameter	T081	C1301886
27906085	1033	1076	right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) wall	T023	C0922766
27906085	1078	1084	Hearts	T023	C0018787
27906085	1090	1099	explanted	T061	C0444933
27906085	1140	1145	weeks	T079	C0439230
27906085	1152	1157	patch	T074	C1305400
27906085	1158	1170	implantation	T061	C0021107
27906085	1172	1181	Explanted	T061	C0444933
27906085	1182	1189	patches	T074	C1305400
27906085	1204	1225	immunohistochemically	T060	C0021044
27906085	1227	1233	Seeded	T059	C1705192
27906085	1234	1239	patch	T074	C1305400
27906085	1240	1248	explants	T061	C0444933
27906085	1253	1271	not stain positive	T033	C0243095
27906085	1276	1285	α-actinin	T116,T123	C0917705
27906085	1287	1293	marker	T074	C2745888
27906085	1297	1311	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27906085	1322	1326	week	T079	C0439230
27906085	1359	1367	cultured	T059	C1331092
27906085	1368	1376	hiPS-CMs	T025	C0225828
27906085	1391	1396	patch	T074	C1305400
27906085	1404	1409	early	T079	C1279919
27906085	1410	1415	phase	T079	C0205390
27906085	1419	1436	tissue remodeling	T038	C1820201
27906085	1456	1461	weeks	T079	C0439230
27906085	1462	1474	implantation	T061	C0021107
27906085	1480	1515	area fraction of positively stained	T033	C0243095
27906085	1516	1525	α-actinin	T116,T123	C0917705
27906085	1526	1531	cells	T025	C0007634
27906085	1536	1556	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27906085	1564	1570	seeded	T059	C1705192
27906085	1571	1576	group	T078	C0441833
27906085	1598	1603	group	T078	C0441833
27906085	1605	1611	Seeded	T059	C1705192
27906085	1612	1617	group	T078	C0441833
27906085	1643	1648	group	T078	C0441833
27906085	1687	1691	cell	T025	C0007634
27906085	1692	1699	seeding	T059	C1705192
27906085	1709	1721	regenerative	T042	C0034963
27906085	1739	1743	host	T001	C1167395
27906085	1744	1758	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27906085	1760	1766	Seeded	T059	C1705192
27906085	1767	1775	hiPS-CMs	T025	C0225828
27906085	1800	1805	patch	T074	C1305400
27906085	1814	1819	weeks	T079	C0439230
27906085	1866	1878	regeneration	T042	C0034963
27906085	1882	1886	host	T001	C1167395
27906085	1887	1901	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27906085	1908	1917	paracrine	T039	C0597170
27906085	1918	1927	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27906085	1929	1946	Tissue-engineered	T061	C0596171
27906085	1947	1955	hiPS-CMs	T025	C0225828
27906085	1956	1962	seeded	T059	C1705192
27906085	1963	1978	cardiac patches	T074	C0025080
27906085	2024	2030	repair	T061	C0374711
27906085	2034	2059	congenital heart diseases	T019	C0152021

27906155|t|Prevalence of Hypothyroidism in Andalusia, Spain, Determined by Thyroid Hormone Comsumption
27906155|a|Hypothyroidism is the most common condition linked to a hormone deficiency, nevertheless data on its prevalence are scarce in Spain. For that reason, we have estimated its prevalence through the registration of patients who had used thyroid hormones in Andalusia (South Spain). Data of patients who had withdrawn levothyroxine under the public system during 2014 from the base of the Andalusian Health Service were considered. Prevalence were calculated with confidence intervals of 95% for each management area, stratified by sex and age groups, and differences between them were evaluated. 321,368 people (98% older than 18 years and 83% female) were identified as levothyroxine users and a prevalence of hypothyroidism of 3.95% (95% CI :3.94-3.96) was estimated for the general population. The condition was more common in females, in the older 18 years 7.81% (95% CI :7.80 to 7.82) compared to males 1.75% (95% CI :1.73-1.77) with a ratio of 4.5-fold. It increases in the population of women older than 45 years, 10.32% (95% CI :10.30-0.32) and in the over 60 years 11.37% (95% CI: 11.35-11.40). The prevalence in adult women in the western provinces is 7.38% (95% CI :7.36-7.40), in the eastern provinces 8.59% (95% CI :8.57-8.62) and in coastal areas 6.70% (95% CI: 6.68-6.72) compared to the mountainous ones, which is 8.91% (95% CI :8.88-8.94). The results denote a high prevalence of hypothyroidism in the adult population of Andalusia compared to the nearby countries, with a clear increased associated with females and age. Furthermore, the prevalence of the illness presents also a geographically-related variability.
27906155	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27906155	14	28	Hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
27906155	32	49	Andalusia, Spain,	T083	C0037747
27906155	64	79	Thyroid Hormone	T116,T125	C0040135
27906155	80	91	Comsumption	UnknownType	C0678263
27906155	92	106	Hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
27906155	148	166	hormone deficiency	T047	C0599750
27906155	193	203	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27906155	218	223	Spain	T083	C0037747
27906155	264	274	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27906155	287	299	registration	T058	C1514821
27906155	303	311	patients	T101	C0030705
27906155	325	341	thyroid hormones	T116,T125	C0040135
27906155	345	368	Andalusia (South Spain)	T083	C0037747
27906155	378	386	patients	T101	C0030705
27906155	405	418	levothyroxine	T109,T121	C1881373
27906155	476	501	Andalusian Health Service	T058	C0018747
27906155	519	529	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27906155	551	571	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
27906155	588	603	management area	UnknownType	C0683738
27906155	619	622	sex	T032	C1522384
27906155	627	637	age groups	T100	C0027362
27906155	673	682	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27906155	692	698	people	T098	C0027361
27906155	732	738	female	T032	C0086287
27906155	759	772	levothyroxine	T109,T121	C1881373
27906155	785	795	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27906155	799	813	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
27906155	828	830	CI	T081	C0009667
27906155	873	883	population	T098	C1257890
27906155	918	925	females	T032	C0086287
27906155	960	962	CI	T081	C0009667
27906155	990	995	males	T032	C0086582
27906155	1007	1009	CI	T081	C0009667
27906155	1038	1046	4.5-fold	T079	C1254367
27906155	1068	1078	population	T098	C1257890
27906155	1082	1087	women	T098	C0043210
27906155	1121	1123	CI	T081	C0009667
27906155	1174	1176	CI	T081	C0009667
27906155	1196	1206	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27906155	1210	1215	adult	T100	C0001675
27906155	1216	1221	women	T098	C0043210
27906155	1229	1246	western provinces	T083	C1514578
27906155	1261	1263	CI	T081	C0009667
27906155	1284	1301	eastern provinces	T083	C1514578
27906155	1313	1315	CI	T081	C0009667
27906155	1335	1348	coastal areas	T083	C0017446
27906155	1360	1362	CI	T081	C0009667
27906155	1391	1407	mountainous ones	T098	C1257890
27906155	1429	1431	CI	T081	C0009667
27906155	1466	1481	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
27906155	1485	1499	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
27906155	1507	1512	adult	T100	C0001675
27906155	1513	1523	population	T098	C1257890
27906155	1527	1536	Andalusia	T083	C0037747
27906155	1560	1569	countries	T083	C0454664
27906155	1594	1609	associated with	T080	C0332281
27906155	1610	1617	females	T032	C0086287
27906155	1622	1625	age	T032	C0001779
27906155	1644	1654	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27906155	1662	1669	illness	T184	C0221423
27906155	1686	1708	geographically-related	UnknownType	C0681784
27906155	1709	1720	variability	T077	C2827666

27906594|t|The Relationship Between Thyroid Function and the Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Euthyroid Subjects
27906594|a|Thyroid hormones (THs) are primarily responsible for the regulation of energy balance and metabolism, suggesting that TH levels may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, few studies have investigated the relationship between TH and T2DM in a general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether serum TH levels within the reference range are related to T2DM. A cross-sectional study (n = 15,296) was performed in Tianjin, China. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay, and T2DM was defined according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the sex - specific relationships between FT3, FT4, FT3 / FT4 ratios, and TSH quintiles and T2DM. The prevalence of T2DM was 16.2% in males and 7.7% in females. In males, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of T2DM for increasing quintiles of FT3, FT4, and FT3 / FT4 ratios were 1.00, 0.75(0.63 to 0.89), 0.70(0.58 to 0.84), 0.63(0.52 to 0.76), 0.56(0.46 to 0.68; P for trend < 0.0001); 1.00, 1.05(0.87 to 1.27), 1.16(0.96 to 1.40), 1.09(0.90 to 1.31), 1.29(1.07 to 1.56; P for trend = 0.01); and 1.00, 0.69(0.58 to 0.83), 0.72(0.60 to 0.86), 0.59(0.48 to 0.71), and 0.55(0.46 to 0.66; P for trend < 0.0001), respectively. Similar results also were observed in females. In contrast, a strong negative correlation between TSH and T2DM was observed in males, but not in females. This study demonstrated that decreased FT3, FT3 / FT4 ratios, and increased FT4 levels are independently related to a higher prevalence of T2DM in both males and females, and TSH is inversely related to T2DM in males only.
27906594	25	32	Thyroid	T023	C0040132
27906594	33	41	Function	T169	C0542341
27906594	50	60	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
27906594	64	88	Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus	T047	C0011860
27906594	92	101	Euthyroid	T033	C0117002
27906594	102	110	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27906594	111	127	Thyroid hormones	T116,T125	C0040135
27906594	129	132	THs	T116,T125	C0040135
27906594	168	181	regulation of	T038	C1327622
27906594	182	196	energy balance	T040	C0597987
27906594	201	211	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27906594	229	238	TH levels	T059	C0430083
27906594	276	300	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27906594	302	306	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27906594	335	347	investigated	T169	C1292732
27906594	373	375	TH	T116,T125	C0040135
27906594	380	384	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27906594	398	408	population	T098	C1257890
27906594	456	461	serum	T031	C0229671
27906594	462	471	TH levels	T059	C0430083
27906594	514	518	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27906594	522	543	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27906594	574	581	Tianjin	UnknownType	C0681784
27906594	583	588	China	T083	C0008115
27906594	590	595	Serum	T031	C0229671
27906594	596	617	free triiodothyronine	T116,T125	C0370097
27906594	619	622	FT3	T116,T125	C0370097
27906594	625	639	free thyroxine	T116,T125	C0312452
27906594	641	644	FT4	T116,T125	C0312452
27906594	651	691	thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels	T034	C0428414
27906594	709	738	chemiluminescence immunoassay	T059	C3825122
27906594	744	748	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27906594	818	826	Multiple	T081	C0439064
27906594	827	846	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
27906594	847	853	models	T170	C3161035
27906594	878	881	sex	T032	C0079399
27906594	884	892	specific	T080	C0205369
27906594	893	906	relationships	T080	C0439849
27906594	915	918	FT3	T116,T125	C0370097
27906594	920	923	FT4	T116,T125	C0312452
27906594	925	928	FT3	T116,T125	C0370097
27906594	931	934	FT4	T116,T125	C0312452
27906594	935	941	ratios	T081	C0456603
27906594	947	950	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27906594	951	960	quintiles	T201	C1508496
27906594	965	969	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27906594	975	985	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27906594	989	993	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27906594	1007	1012	males	T032	C0086582
27906594	1025	1032	females	T032	C0086287
27906594	1037	1042	males	T032	C0086582
27906594	1071	1082	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
27906594	1088	1107	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27906594	1112	1116	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27906594	1132	1141	quintiles	T201	C1508496
27906594	1145	1148	FT3	T116,T125	C0370097
27906594	1150	1153	FT4	T116,T125	C0312452
27906594	1159	1162	FT3	T116,T125	C0370097
27906594	1165	1168	FT4	T116,T125	C0312452
27906594	1169	1175	ratios	T081	C0456603
27906594	1563	1570	females	T032	C0086287
27906594	1623	1626	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27906594	1631	1635	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27906594	1652	1657	males	T032	C0086582
27906594	1670	1677	females	T032	C0086287
27906594	1718	1721	FT3	T116,T125	C0370097
27906594	1723	1726	FT3	T116,T125	C0370097
27906594	1729	1732	FT4	T116,T125	C0312452
27906594	1733	1739	ratios	T081	C0456603
27906594	1755	1765	FT4 levels	T034	C0428418
27906594	1797	1814	higher prevalence	T081	C1512456
27906594	1818	1822	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27906594	1831	1836	males	T032	C0086582
27906594	1841	1848	females	T032	C0086287
27906594	1854	1857	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
27906594	1882	1886	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27906594	1890	1895	males	T032	C0086582

27907099|t|Analysis of a Mouse Skin Model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
27907099|a|Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant tumor suppressor gene syndrome in which patients develop several types of tumors, including facial angiofibroma, subungual fibroma, Shagreen patch, angiomyolipomas, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. It is due to inactivating mutations in TSC1 or TSC2. We sought to generate a mouse model of one or more of these tumor types by targeting deletion of the Tsc1 gene to fibroblasts using the Fsp-Cre allele. Mutant, Tsc1ccFsp-Cre+ mice survived a median of nearly a year, and developed tumors in multiple sites but did not develop angiomyolipoma or lymphangioleiomyomatosis. They did develop a prominent skin phenotype with marked thickening of the dermis with accumulation of mast cells, that was minimally responsive to systemic rapamycin therapy, and was quite different from the pathology seen in human TSC skin lesions. Recombination and loss of Tsc1 was demonstrated in skin fibroblasts in vivo and in cultured skin fibroblasts. Loss of Tsc1 in fibroblasts in mice does not lead to a model of angiomyolipoma or lymphangioleiomyomatosis.
27907099	14	24	Mouse Skin	T024	C1519352
27907099	25	30	Model	T050	C2986594
27907099	34	60	Tuberous Sclerosis Complex	T191	C0041341
27907099	61	87	Tuberous Sclerosis Complex	T191	C0041341
27907099	89	92	TSC	T191	C0041341
27907099	100	109	autosomal	T026	C0596142
27907099	110	118	dominant	T169	C1527180
27907099	119	140	tumor suppressor gene	T028	C0079427
27907099	141	149	syndrome	T047	C0039082
27907099	159	167	patients	T101	C0030705
27907099	193	199	tumors	T191	C0027651
27907099	211	230	facial angiofibroma	T191	C0265319
27907099	232	249	subungual fibroma	T191	C0266003
27907099	251	265	Shagreen patch	T019	C0432363
27907099	267	282	angiomyolipomas	T191	C0206633
27907099	288	312	lymphangioleiomyomatosis	T191	C0751674
27907099	327	339	inactivating	T169	C0544461
27907099	340	349	mutations	T045	C0596611
27907099	353	357	TSC1	T028	C0694894
27907099	361	365	TSC2	T028	C0694895
27907099	391	402	mouse model	T050	C2986594
27907099	427	432	tumor	T191	C0027651
27907099	452	460	deletion	T045	C0017260
27907099	468	477	Tsc1 gene	T028	C0694894
27907099	481	492	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27907099	503	510	Fsp-Cre	T028	C1511573
27907099	511	517	allele	T028	C0002085
27907099	519	525	Mutant	T028	C0678941
27907099	527	541	Tsc1ccFsp-Cre+	T028	C0678941
27907099	542	546	mice	T015	C0025929
27907099	558	564	median	T081	C0876920
27907099	597	603	tumors	T191	C0027651
27907099	607	615	multiple	T081	C0439064
27907099	616	621	sites	T082	C0205145
27907099	626	641	did not develop	T033	C1513916
27907099	642	656	angiomyolipoma	T191	C0206633
27907099	660	684	lymphangioleiomyomatosis	T191	C0751674
27907099	715	719	skin	T022	C1123023
27907099	720	729	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27907099	742	752	thickening	T033	C0205400
27907099	760	766	dermis	T024	C0011646
27907099	772	784	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27907099	788	798	mast cells	T025	C0024880
27907099	809	818	minimally	T080	C0547040
27907099	819	829	responsive	T169	C0205342
27907099	833	841	systemic	T169	C0205373
27907099	842	851	rapamycin	T109,T195	C0072980
27907099	852	859	therapy	T061	C0087111
27907099	875	884	different	T080	C1705242
27907099	894	903	pathology	T046	C0677042
27907099	912	917	human	T016	C0086418
27907099	918	921	TSC	T191	C0041341
27907099	922	934	skin lesions	T047	C0037284
27907099	936	949	Recombination	T045	C0034865
27907099	954	958	loss	T081	C1517945
27907099	962	966	Tsc1	T028	C0694894
27907099	987	1003	skin fibroblasts	T025	C1272578
27907099	1004	1011	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27907099	1019	1027	cultured	T025	C0007600
27907099	1028	1044	skin fibroblasts	T025	C1272578
27907099	1046	1050	Loss	T081	C1517945
27907099	1054	1058	Tsc1	T028	C0694894
27907099	1062	1073	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
27907099	1077	1081	mice	T015	C0025929
27907099	1082	1095	does not lead	T033	C1513916
27907099	1101	1106	model	T050	C2986594
27907099	1110	1124	angiomyolipoma	T191	C0206633
27907099	1128	1152	lymphangioleiomyomatosis	T191	C0751674

27907227|t|The Effectiveness of Trace DNA Profiling -A Comparison Between a U.S. and a U.K. Law Enforcement Jurisdiction
27907227|a|Recovery, profiling, and speculative searching of trace DNA (not attributable to a body fluid / cell type) over a twelve- month period in a U.S. Crime Laboratory and U.K. police force are compared. Results show greater numbers of U.S. firearm -related items submitted for analysis compared with the U.K., where greatest numbers were submitted from burglary or vehicle offenses. U.S. multiple recovery techniques (double swabbing) occurred mainly during laboratory examination, whereas the majority of U.K. multiple recovery techniques occurred at the scene. No statistical difference was observed for useful profiles from single or multiple recovery. Database loading of interpretable profiles was most successful for U.K. items related to burglary or vehicle offenses. Database associations (matches) represented 7.0% of all U.S. items and 13.1% of all U.K. items. The U.K. strategy for burglary and vehicle examination demonstrated that careful selection of both items and sampling techniques is crucial to obtaining the observed results.
27907227	4	17	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27907227	21	26	Trace	T081	C0442822
27907227	27	40	DNA Profiling	T063	C0079247
27907227	44	54	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27907227	65	69	U.S.	T083	C0041703
27907227	76	80	U.K.	T083	C0041700
27907227	81	84	Law	T089	C0010328
27907227	85	109	Enforcement Jurisdiction	T170	C0680647
27907227	110	118	Recovery	T052	C0237820
27907227	120	129	profiling	T063	C0079247
27907227	135	156	speculative searching	T052	C1706202
27907227	160	165	trace	T081	C0442822
27907227	166	169	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27907227	193	203	body fluid	T031	C0005889
27907227	206	215	cell type	T170	C0449475
27907227	232	237	month	T079	C0439231
27907227	238	244	period	T079	C1948053
27907227	250	254	U.S.	T083	C0041703
27907227	255	271	Crime Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
27907227	276	280	U.K.	T083	C0041700
27907227	281	293	police force	T097	C0086824
27907227	298	306	compared	T052	C1707455
27907227	308	315	Results	T169	C1274040
27907227	340	344	U.S.	T083	C0041703
27907227	345	352	firearm	T073	C0016139
27907227	362	367	items	T071	C1551338
27907227	368	377	submitted	T169	C1515023
27907227	382	390	analysis	T062	C0936012
27907227	391	399	compared	T052	C1707455
27907227	409	413	U.K.	T083	C0041700
27907227	443	452	submitted	T169	C1515023
27907227	458	466	burglary	T054	C0680512
27907227	470	477	vehicle	T073	C0348005
27907227	478	486	offenses	UnknownType	C0680468
27907227	488	492	U.S.	T083	C0041703
27907227	493	521	multiple recovery techniques	T062	C0035177
27907227	523	538	double swabbing	T062	C0035177
27907227	563	585	laboratory examination	T033	C0260877
27907227	611	615	U.K.	T083	C0041700
27907227	616	644	multiple recovery techniques	T062	C0035177
27907227	661	666	scene	T082	C0205145
27907227	668	693	No statistical difference	T033	C3842396
27907227	718	726	profiles	T170	C0678257
27907227	732	738	single	T062	C0035177
27907227	742	759	multiple recovery	T062	C0035177
27907227	761	769	Database	T170	C0242356
27907227	770	777	loading	T052	C1708715
27907227	781	803	interpretable profiles	T170	C0678257
27907227	828	832	U.K.	T083	C0041700
27907227	833	838	items	T071	C1551338
27907227	850	858	burglary	T054	C0680512
27907227	862	869	vehicle	T073	C0348005
27907227	870	878	offenses	UnknownType	C0680468
27907227	880	888	Database	T170	C0242356
27907227	889	901	associations	T080	C0439849
27907227	903	910	matches	T080	C0439849
27907227	936	940	U.S.	T083	C0041703
27907227	941	946	items	T071	C1551338
27907227	964	968	U.K.	T083	C0041700
27907227	969	974	items	T071	C1551338
27907227	980	984	U.K.	T083	C0041700
27907227	985	993	strategy	T041	C0679199
27907227	998	1006	burglary	T054	C0680512
27907227	1011	1018	vehicle	T073	C0348005
27907227	1019	1030	examination	T169	C0199219
27907227	1075	1080	items	T071	C1551338
27907227	1085	1093	sampling	T078	C0870078
27907227	1094	1104	techniques	T169	C0449851
27907227	1108	1115	crucial	T080	C1511545
27907227	1133	1141	observed	T169	C1441672
27907227	1142	1149	results	T169	C1274040

27908503|t|Cobalt-60 Machines and Medical Linear Accelerators: Competing Technologies for External Beam Radiotherapy
27908503|a|Medical linear accelerators (linacs) and cobalt-60 machines are both mature technologies for external beam radiotherapy. A comparison is made between these two technologies in terms of infrastructure and maintenance, dosimetry, shielding requirements, staffing, costs, security, patient throughput and clinical use. Infrastructure and maintenance are more demanding for linacs due to the complex electric componentry. In dosimetry, a higher beam energy, modulated dose rate and smaller focal spot size mean that it is easier to create an optimised treatment with a linac for conformal dose coverage of the tumour while sparing healthy organs at risk. In shielding, the requirements for a concrete bunker are similar for cobalt-60 machines and linacs but extra shielding and protection from neutrons are required for linacs. Staffing levels can be higher for linacs and more staff training is required for linacs. Life cycle costs are higher for linacs, especially multi-energy linacs. Security is more complex for cobalt-60 machines because of the high activity radioactive source. Patient throughput can be affected by source decay for cobalt-60 machines but poor maintenance and breakdowns can severely affect patient throughput for linacs. In clinical use, more complex treatment techniques are easier to achieve with linacs, and the availability of electron beams on high - energy linacs can be useful for certain treatments. In summary, there is no simple answer to the question of the choice of either cobalt-60 machines or linacs for radiotherapy in low- and middle-income countries. In fact a radiotherapy department with a combination of technologies, including orthovoltage X-ray units, may be an option. Local needs, conditions and resources will have to be factored into any decision on technology taking into account the characteristics of both forms of teletherapy, with the primary goal being the sustainability of the radiotherapy service over the useful lifetime of the equipment.
27908503	0	18	Cobalt-60 Machines	T074	C0025080
27908503	23	50	Medical Linear Accelerators	T074	C0023730
27908503	52	74	Competing Technologies	T090	C0039421
27908503	79	105	External Beam Radiotherapy	T061	C1517033
27908503	106	133	Medical linear accelerators	T074	C0023730
27908503	135	141	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	147	165	cobalt-60 machines	T074	C0025080
27908503	182	194	technologies	T090	C0039421
27908503	199	225	external beam radiotherapy	T061	C1517033
27908503	229	239	comparison	T052	C1707455
27908503	266	278	technologies	T090	C0039421
27908503	291	305	infrastructure	T185	C1514880
27908503	310	321	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27908503	323	332	dosimetry	T059	C0034603
27908503	334	343	shielding	T033	C0243095
27908503	344	356	requirements	T169	C1514873
27908503	358	366	staffing	T057	C0087023
27908503	368	373	costs	T081	C0010186
27908503	375	383	security	T077	C1519222
27908503	385	392	patient	T101	C0030705
27908503	393	403	throughput	T081	C2986816
27908503	408	420	clinical use	T169	C0042153
27908503	422	436	Infrastructure	T185	C1514880
27908503	441	452	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27908503	462	471	demanding	T078	C0699784
27908503	476	482	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	494	522	complex electric componentry	T073	C3273359
27908503	527	536	dosimetry	T059	C0034603
27908503	540	546	higher	T080	C0205250
27908503	547	558	beam energy	T081	C1442080
27908503	560	569	modulated	T082	C0443264
27908503	570	579	dose rate	T081	C1512044
27908503	584	591	smaller	T080	C0547044
27908503	592	607	focal spot size	T080	C2348694
27908503	624	630	easier	T033	C0332219
27908503	634	640	create	T052	C1706214
27908503	644	653	optimised	T052	C2698650
27908503	654	663	treatment	T061	C0087111
27908503	671	676	linac	T074	C0023730
27908503	691	695	dose	T081	C0178602
27908503	696	704	coverage	T169	C1999244
27908503	712	718	tumour	T191	C0027651
27908503	733	747	healthy organs	T023	C0178784
27908503	751	755	risk	T078	C0035647
27908503	760	769	shielding	T033	C0243095
27908503	775	787	requirements	T169	C1514873
27908503	794	809	concrete bunker	T073	C3273359
27908503	826	844	cobalt-60 machines	T074	C0025080
27908503	849	855	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	866	875	shielding	T033	C0243095
27908503	880	890	protection	T033	C1545588
27908503	896	904	neutrons	T167	C0027946
27908503	922	928	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	930	945	Staffing levels	T033	C3845726
27908503	953	959	higher	T080	C0205250
27908503	964	970	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	980	994	staff training	T065	C0681113
27908503	1011	1017	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	1019	1035	Life cycle costs	T169	C0220812
27908503	1040	1046	higher	T080	C0205250
27908503	1051	1057	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	1070	1089	multi-energy linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	1091	1099	Security	T077	C1519222
27908503	1108	1115	complex	T080	C0439855
27908503	1120	1138	cobalt-60 machines	T074	C0025080
27908503	1154	1158	high	T080	C0205250
27908503	1159	1167	activity	T052	C0441655
27908503	1168	1186	radioactive source	T122	C0182598
27908503	1188	1195	Patient	T101	C0030705
27908503	1196	1206	throughput	T081	C2986816
27908503	1214	1222	affected	T169	C0392760
27908503	1226	1232	source	T033	C0449416
27908503	1233	1238	decay	T067	C2700592
27908503	1243	1261	cobalt-60 machines	T074	C0025080
27908503	1266	1270	poor	T080	C0542537
27908503	1271	1282	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27908503	1287	1297	breakdowns	T066	C0014678
27908503	1311	1317	affect	T169	C0392760
27908503	1318	1325	patient	T101	C0030705
27908503	1326	1336	throughput	T081	C2986816
27908503	1341	1347	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	1352	1364	clinical use	T169	C0042153
27908503	1371	1378	complex	T080	C0439855
27908503	1379	1388	treatment	T061	C0087111
27908503	1389	1399	techniques	T169	C0449851
27908503	1404	1410	easier	T033	C0332219
27908503	1427	1433	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	1443	1458	availability of	T169	C0470187
27908503	1459	1473	electron beams	T073	C0013840
27908503	1477	1481	high	T080	C0205250
27908503	1484	1490	energy	T081	C1442080
27908503	1491	1497	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	1524	1534	treatments	T061	C0087111
27908503	1614	1632	cobalt-60 machines	T074	C0025080
27908503	1636	1642	linacs	T074	C0023730
27908503	1647	1659	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
27908503	1663	1667	low-	T033	C1331016
27908503	1672	1685	middle-income	T080	C0870890
27908503	1686	1695	countries	T083	C0454664
27908503	1707	1730	radiotherapy department	T093	C0587444
27908503	1738	1749	combination	T080	C0205195
27908503	1753	1765	technologies	T090	C0039421
27908503	1777	1801	orthovoltage X-ray units	T092	C1704729
27908503	1813	1819	option	T169	C1518601
27908503	1821	1826	Local	T082	C0205276
27908503	1827	1832	needs	T080	C0027552
27908503	1834	1844	conditions	T080	C0348080
27908503	1849	1858	resources	T078	C0035201
27908503	1893	1901	decision	T041	C0679006
27908503	1905	1915	technology	T090	C0039421
27908503	1940	1955	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27908503	1973	1984	teletherapy	T061	C0419095
27908503	2003	2007	goal	T170	C0018017
27908503	2018	2032	sustainability	T169	C0205245
27908503	2040	2060	radiotherapy service	T093	C0587559
27908503	2077	2085	lifetime	T079	C4071830
27908503	2093	2102	equipment	T073	C0014672

27908539|t|Design, synthesis, molecular docking, anti-Proteus mirabilis and urease inhibition of new fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid derivatives
27908539|a|New hydroxamic acid, hydrazide and amide derivatives of ciprofloxacin in addition to their analogues of levofloxacin were prepared and identified by different spectroscopic techniques. Some of the prepared compounds revealed good activity against the urease splitting bacteria, Proteus mirabilis. The urease inhibitory activity was investigated using indophenol method. Most of the tested compounds showed better activity than the reference acetohydroxamic acid (AHA). The ciprofloxacin hydrazide derivative 3a and levofloxacin hydroxamic acid 7 experienced the highest activity (IC50 =1.22μM and 2.20μM, respectively). Molecular docking study revealed high spontaneous binding ability of the tested compounds to the active site of urease.
27908539	0	6	Design	T052	C1707689
27908539	8	17	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27908539	19	36	molecular docking	T170	C3494274
27908539	38	60	anti-Proteus mirabilis	T195	C0279516
27908539	65	71	urease	T116,T126	C0041945
27908539	72	82	inhibition	T039	C1524081
27908539	90	133	fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid derivatives	T121	C1254351
27908539	138	153	hydroxamic acid	T109	C0020314
27908539	155	164	hydrazide	T109	C0682951
27908539	169	186	amide derivatives	T109	C0002482
27908539	190	203	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
27908539	225	234	analogues	T104	C0243071
27908539	238	250	levofloxacin	T109,T195	C0282386
27908539	293	317	spectroscopic techniques	T169	C0449851
27908539	340	349	compounds	T121	C1254351
27908539	364	372	activity	T040	C2248397
27908539	385	391	urease	T116,T126	C0041945
27908539	402	410	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27908539	412	429	Proteus mirabilis	T007	C0033701
27908539	435	441	urease	T116,T126	C0041945
27908539	442	461	inhibitory activity	T040	C2248397
27908539	485	502	indophenol method	T059	C1318795
27908539	516	522	tested	T170	C0392366
27908539	523	532	compounds	T121	C1254351
27908539	547	555	activity	T040	C2248397
27908539	575	595	acetohydroxamic acid	T109,T121	C0050451
27908539	597	600	AHA	T109,T121	C0050451
27908539	607	644	ciprofloxacin hydrazide derivative 3a	T121	C1254351
27908539	649	679	levofloxacin hydroxamic acid 7	T121	C1254351
27908539	704	712	activity	T040	C2248397
27908539	714	718	IC50	T081	C0600495
27908539	754	777	Molecular docking study	T170	C3494274
27908539	804	819	binding ability	T044	C1167622
27908539	827	833	tested	T170	C0392366
27908539	834	843	compounds	T121	C1254351
27908539	851	862	active site	T169	C0205681
27908539	866	872	urease	T116,T126	C0041945

27908578|t|Water pollution causes ultrastructural and functional damages in Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr
27908578|a|The aim of this work is to evaluate the effects of freshwater pollution in the heavily contaminated Sarno River (Campania, South Italy), using Pellia neesiana (Pelliaceae Metzgeriales) in order to propose this liverwort as a potential bioindicator, able to record the effects of water pollution, particularly the one related to metal (loid) contamination. Samples of P. neesiana in nylon bags were disposed floating for one week on the waters of Sarno River in three sites characterised by an increasing pollution. As control, some specimens were cultured in vitro in Cd - and Pb -added media, at the same pollutants ' levels as measured in the most polluted site. P. neesiana cell ultrastructure was modified and severe alterations were observed in chloroplasts from samples exposed in the most polluted site, and Cd - and Pb - cultured samples. Concurrently, a strong increase in the occurrence of Heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) was detected in gametophytes following the pollution gradient. In conclusion, ultrastructural damages can be directly related to HSP 70 occurrence in liverwort tissues, and proportional to the degree of pollution present in the river; thus our study suggests P. neesiana as an affordable bioindicator of freshwaters pollution.
27908578	0	15	Water pollution	T069	C0043056
27908578	23	38	ultrastructural	T026	C1268455
27908578	43	61	functional damages	T169	C1883709
27908578	65	97	Pellia neesiana (Gottsche) Limpr	T002	C1027864
27908578	138	148	effects of	T080	C1704420
27908578	149	169	freshwater pollution	T069	C0043056
27908578	177	184	heavily	T080	C0445311
27908578	185	197	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27908578	198	209	Sarno River	T070	C0337050
27908578	211	219	Campania	T083	C0017446
27908578	221	232	South Italy	T083	C0022277
27908578	241	256	Pellia neesiana	T002	C1027864
27908578	258	268	Pelliaceae	T002	C1008800
27908578	269	281	Metzgeriales	T002	C1081862
27908578	308	317	liverwort	T002	C0996514
27908578	323	332	potential	T080	C3245505
27908578	333	345	bioindicator	T130	C0021212
27908578	366	376	effects of	T080	C1704420
27908578	377	392	water pollution	T069	C0043056
27908578	426	438	metal (loid)	T196	C0439879
27908578	439	452	contamination	T078	C2349974
27908578	465	476	P. neesiana	T002	C1027864
27908578	480	485	nylon	T109,T122	C0028736
27908578	486	490	bags	T073	C0179196
27908578	496	504	disposed	T052	C1707797
27908578	505	513	floating	T033	C0243095
27908578	534	555	waters of Sarno River	T070	C0337050
27908578	591	601	increasing	T081	C0205217
27908578	602	611	pollution	T069	C0043056
27908578	630	639	specimens	T167	C0370003
27908578	645	653	cultured	T059	C0430400
27908578	654	662	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27908578	666	668	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27908578	675	677	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
27908578	685	690	media	T130	C0010454
27908578	704	714	pollutants	T131	C0043053
27908578	717	723	levels	T080	C0441889
27908578	727	735	measured	T080	C0444706
27908578	748	761	polluted site	T082	C1254362
27908578	763	774	P. neesiana	T002	C1027864
27908578	775	779	cell	T025	C0007634
27908578	780	794	ultrastructure	T026	C1268455
27908578	848	860	chloroplasts	T026	C0008266
27908578	874	907	exposed in the most polluted site	T037	C1261240
27908578	913	915	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27908578	922	924	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
27908578	927	943	cultured samples	T059	C0430400
27908578	998	1020	Heat shock proteins 70	T116,T123	C0243043
27908578	1022	1027	HSP70	T116,T123	C0243043
27908578	1045	1057	gametophytes	T025	C2717773
27908578	1072	1081	pollution	T069	C0043056
27908578	1082	1090	gradient	T081	C0812409
27908578	1107	1122	ultrastructural	T026	C1268455
27908578	1123	1130	damages	T169	C1883709
27908578	1158	1164	HSP 70	T116,T123	C0243043
27908578	1179	1188	liverwort	T002	C0996514
27908578	1189	1196	tissues	T025	C1514137
27908578	1222	1231	degree of	T080	C0441889
27908578	1232	1241	pollution	T069	C0043056
27908578	1257	1262	river	T070	C0337050
27908578	1288	1299	P. neesiana	T002	C1027864
27908578	1317	1329	bioindicator	T130	C0021212
27908578	1333	1354	freshwaters pollution	T069	C0043056

27908689|t|PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study
27908689|a|Statin treatment and variants in the gene encoding HMG-CoA reductase are associated with reductions in both the concentration of LDL cholesterol and the risk of coronary heart disease, but also with modest hyperglycaemia, increased bodyweight, and modestly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, which in no way offsets their substantial benefits. We sought to investigate the associations of LDL cholesterol -lowering PCSK9 variants with type 2 diabetes and related biomarkers to gauge the likely effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on diabetes risk. In this mendelian randomisation study, we used data from cohort studies, randomised controlled trials, case control studies, and genetic consortia to estimate associations of PCSK9 genetic variants with LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin, bodyweight, waist-to-hip ratio, BMI, and risk of type 2 diabetes, using a standardised analysis plan, meta-analyses, and weighted gene-centric scores. Data were available for more than 550 000 individuals and 51 623 cases of type 2 diabetes. Combined analyses of four independent PCSK9 variants (rs11583680, rs11591147, rs2479409, and rs11206510) scaled to 1 mmol/L lower LDL cholesterol showed associations with increased fasting glucose (0·09 mmol/L, 95% CI 0·02 to 0·15), bodyweight (1·03 kg, 0·24 to 1·82), waist-to-hip ratio (0·006, 0·003 to 0·010), and an odds ratio for type diabetes of 1·29 (1·11 to 1·50). Based on the collected data, we did not identify associations with HbA1c (0·03%, -0·01 to 0·08), fasting insulin (0·00%, -0·06 to 0·07), and BMI (0·11 kg/m(2), -0·09 to 0·30). PCSK9 variants associated with lower LDL cholesterol were also associated with circulating higher fasting glucose concentration, bodyweight, and waist-to-hip ratio, and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. In trials of PCSK9 inhibitor drugs, investigators should carefully assess these safety outcomes and quantify the risks and benefits of PCSK9 inhibitor treatment, as was previously done for statins. British Heart Foundation, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (UCLH) National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre.
27908689	0	5	PCSK9	T028	C1426592
27908689	6	22	genetic variants	T028	C0678941
27908689	27	31	risk	T078	C0035647
27908689	35	50	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27908689	54	83	mendelian randomisation study	T062	C2718019
27908689	84	90	Statin	T109,T121	C0360714
27908689	91	100	treatment	T061	C0087111
27908689	105	125	variants in the gene	T028	C0678941
27908689	135	152	HMG-CoA reductase	T116,T126	C0020374
27908689	173	183	reductions	T080	C0392756
27908689	196	209	concentration	T081	C1446561
27908689	213	228	LDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27908689	237	241	risk	T078	C0035647
27908689	245	267	coronary heart disease	T047	C0010068
27908689	290	304	hyperglycaemia	T047	C0020456
27908689	306	326	increased bodyweight	T033	C0043094
27908689	341	350	increased	T081	C0205217
27908689	351	355	risk	T078	C0035647
27908689	359	374	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27908689	441	452	investigate	T169	C1292732
27908689	473	488	LDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27908689	499	504	PCSK9	T028	C1426592
27908689	505	513	variants	T028	C0678941
27908689	519	534	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27908689	547	557	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27908689	589	605	PCSK9 inhibitors	T121	C4051515
27908689	609	622	diabetes risk	T081	C1171304
27908689	632	661	mendelian randomisation study	T062	C2718019
27908689	671	675	data	T078	C1511726
27908689	681	695	cohort studies	T081	C0009247
27908689	697	725	randomised controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27908689	727	747	case control studies	T062	C0007328
27908689	799	804	PCSK9	T028	C1426592
27908689	805	821	genetic variants	T028	C0678941
27908689	827	842	LDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27908689	844	865	fasting blood glucose	T034	C1261430
27908689	867	872	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27908689	874	881	fasting	T033	C0015663
27908689	882	889	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27908689	891	901	bodyweight	T032	C0005910
27908689	903	921	waist-to-hip ratio	T032	C0205682
27908689	923	926	BMI	T201	C1305855
27908689	932	936	risk	T078	C0035647
27908689	940	955	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27908689	965	991	standardised analysis plan	T062	C0936012
27908689	993	1006	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
27908689	1012	1040	weighted gene-centric scores	T081	C0449820
27908689	1042	1046	Data	T078	C1511726
27908689	1084	1095	individuals	T098	C0237401
27908689	1116	1131	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27908689	1133	1150	Combined analyses	T062	C0936012
27908689	1171	1176	PCSK9	T028	C1426592
27908689	1177	1185	variants	T028	C0678941
27908689	1187	1197	rs11583680	T028	C0678941
27908689	1199	1209	rs11591147	T028	C0678941
27908689	1211	1220	rs2479409	T028	C0678941
27908689	1226	1236	rs11206510	T028	C0678941
27908689	1263	1278	LDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27908689	1304	1329	increased fasting glucose	T033	C0920108
27908689	1366	1376	bodyweight	T032	C0005910
27908689	1402	1420	waist-to-hip ratio	T032	C0205682
27908689	1453	1463	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27908689	1473	1481	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27908689	1519	1528	collected	T078	C1516695
27908689	1529	1533	data	T078	C1511726
27908689	1573	1578	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
27908689	1603	1610	fasting	T033	C0015663
27908689	1611	1618	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27908689	1647	1650	BMI	T201	C1305855
27908689	1682	1687	PCSK9	T028	C1426592
27908689	1688	1696	variants	T028	C0678941
27908689	1719	1734	LDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
27908689	1773	1795	higher fasting glucose	T033	C0920108
27908689	1796	1809	concentration	T081	C1446561
27908689	1811	1821	bodyweight	T032	C0005910
27908689	1827	1845	waist-to-hip ratio	T032	C0205682
27908689	1864	1868	risk	T078	C0035647
27908689	1872	1887	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27908689	1892	1898	trials	T062	C0008976
27908689	1902	1917	PCSK9 inhibitor	T121	C4051515
27908689	1918	1923	drugs	T121	C0013227
27908689	1925	1938	investigators	T097	C0035173
27908689	1989	1997	quantify	T081	C1709793
27908689	2002	2007	risks	T078	C0035647
27908689	2012	2020	benefits	T081	C0814225
27908689	2024	2039	PCSK9 inhibitor	T121	C4051515
27908689	2040	2049	treatment	T061	C0087111
27908689	2078	2085	statins	T109,T121	C0360714
27908689	2087	2111	British Heart Foundation	T092	C0016617
27908689	2117	2173	University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust	T092	C0035172
27908689	2175	2179	UCLH	T092	C0035172
27908689	2181	2253	National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre	T092	C0035172

27908989|t|Draft Genome Sequence of the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae GUJ105 From Gujarat, India
27908989|a|Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain GUJ105, isolated clinically. The size of the genome is approximately 11.5 Mb and contains 5,447 protein-coding genes.
27908989	6	21	Genome Sequence	T085	C2348746
27908989	29	59	Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27908989	60	66	GUJ105	T001	C1518614
27908989	72	79	Gujarat	T083	C0021201
27908989	81	86	India	T083	C0021201
27908989	96	102	report	T058	C0700287
27908989	113	128	genome sequence	T085	C2348746
27908989	132	156	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
27908989	157	170	strain GUJ105	T001	C1518614
27908989	172	180	isolated	T169	C0205409
27908989	181	191	clinically	T080	C0205210
27908989	197	215	size of the genome	T081	C3178847
27908989	219	232	approximately	T080	C0332232
27908989	245	253	contains	T169	C0332256
27908989	260	280	protein-coding genes	T028	C3839127

27909072|t|The Mirror Illusion Increases Motor Cortex Excitability in Children With and Without Hemiparesis
27909072|a|Mirror therapy provides a visual illusion of a normal moving limb by using the mirror reflection of the unaffected arm instead of viewing the paretic limb and is used in rehabilitation to improve hand function. Little is known about the mechanism underlying its effect in children with hemiparesis. To investigate the effect of the mirror illusion (MI) on the excitability of the primary motor cortex (M1) in children and adolescents. Twelve patients with hemiparesis (10-20 years) and 8 typically developing subjects (8-17 years) participated. Corticospinal reorganization was classified as contralateral (projection from contralateral hemisphere to affected hand) or ipsilateral (projection from ipsilateral hemisphere to affected hand). M1 excitability of the hemisphere projecting to the affected (nondominant in typically developing subjects) hand was obtained during 2 different conditions using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Each condition (without/with mirror) consisted of a unimanual and a bimanual task. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from the abductor pollicis brevis and flexor digitorum superficialis muscles. MEP amplitudes were significantly increased during the mirror condition (P = .005) in typically developing subjects and in patients with contralateral reorganization. No significant effect of MI was found in subjects with ipsilateral reorganization. MI increased M1 excitability during active movements only. This increase was not correlated to hand function. MI increases the excitability of M1 in hemiparetic patients with contralateral corticospinal organization and in typically developing subjects. This finding provides neurophysiological evidence supporting the application of mirror therapy in selected children and adolescents with hemiparesis.
27909072	4	19	Mirror Illusion	T041	C0029139
27909072	30	42	Motor Cortex	T029	C0026607
27909072	43	55	Excitability	T048	C0858779
27909072	59	67	Children	T100	C0008059
27909072	85	96	Hemiparesis	T184	C0018989
27909072	97	111	Mirror therapy	T061	C1261201
27909072	123	138	visual illusion	T048	C0751246
27909072	151	162	moving limb	T023	C0015385
27909072	176	193	mirror reflection	T070	C1254365
27909072	212	215	arm	T029	C0446516
27909072	239	251	paretic limb	T023	C0015385
27909072	267	281	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
27909072	293	306	hand function	T040	C0562230
27909072	369	377	children	T100	C0008059
27909072	383	394	hemiparesis	T184	C0018989
27909072	429	444	mirror illusion	T041	C0029139
27909072	446	448	MI	T041	C0029139
27909072	457	469	excitability	T048	C0858779
27909072	477	497	primary motor cortex	T029	C3495441
27909072	499	501	M1	T029	C3495441
27909072	506	514	children	T100	C0008059
27909072	519	530	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27909072	539	547	patients	T101	C0030705
27909072	553	564	hemiparesis	T184	C0018989
27909072	572	577	years	T079	C0439234
27909072	606	614	subjects	T098	C0080105
27909072	621	626	years	T079	C0439234
27909072	642	670	Corticospinal reorganization	T039	C0029237
27909072	689	702	contralateral	T082	C0441988
27909072	704	714	projection	T082	C0348018
27909072	720	744	contralateral hemisphere	T082	C0441988
27909072	748	761	affected hand	T023	C0018563
27909072	766	777	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
27909072	779	789	projection	T082	C0348018
27909072	795	817	ipsilateral hemisphere	T082	C0441989
27909072	821	834	affected hand	T023	C0018563
27909072	837	839	M1	T029	C3495441
27909072	840	852	excitability	T048	C0858779
27909072	860	870	hemisphere	T082	C1254362
27909072	935	943	subjects	T098	C0080105
27909072	945	949	hand	T023	C0018563
27909072	999	1045	single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation	T062	C1564622
27909072	1047	1050	TMS	T062	C1564622
27909072	1082	1088	mirror	T073	C0181868
27909072	1136	1159	Motor-evoked potentials	T042	C0282617
27909072	1161	1165	MEPs	T042	C0282617
27909072	1190	1214	abductor pollicis brevis	T023	C0224279
27909072	1219	1257	flexor digitorum superficialis muscles	T023	C0224474
27909072	1259	1262	MEP	T042	C0282617
27909072	1263	1273	amplitudes	T081	C0237470
27909072	1314	1320	mirror	T073	C0181868
27909072	1366	1374	subjects	T098	C0080105
27909072	1382	1390	patients	T101	C0030705
27909072	1396	1424	contralateral reorganization	T039	C0029237
27909072	1451	1453	MI	T041	C0029139
27909072	1467	1475	subjects	T098	C0080105
27909072	1481	1507	ipsilateral reorganization	T039	C0029237
27909072	1509	1511	MI	T041	C0029139
27909072	1522	1524	M1	T029	C3495441
27909072	1525	1537	excitability	T048	C0858779
27909072	1545	1561	active movements	T040	C0026649
27909072	1604	1617	hand function	T040	C0562230
27909072	1619	1621	MI	T041	C0029139
27909072	1636	1648	excitability	T048	C0858779
27909072	1652	1654	M1	T029	C3495441
27909072	1658	1669	hemiparetic	T184	C0018989
27909072	1670	1678	patients	T101	C0030705
27909072	1684	1724	contralateral corticospinal organization	T039	C0029237
27909072	1753	1761	subjects	T098	C0080105
27909072	1785	1803	neurophysiological	T040	C1327471
27909072	1804	1812	evidence	T078	C3887511
27909072	1843	1857	mirror therapy	T061	C1261201
27909072	1870	1878	children	T100	C0008059
27909072	1883	1894	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27909072	1900	1911	hemiparesis	T184	C0018989

27909122|t|Femoral impaction bone grafting in revision hip arthroplasty: 705 cases from the originating centre
27909122|a|Femoral impaction bone grafting was first developed in 1987 using morselised cancellous bone graft impacted into the femoral canal in combination with a cemented, tapered, polished stem. We describe the evolution of this technique and instrumentation since that time. Between 1987 and 2005, 705 revision total hip arthroplasties (56 bilateral) were performed with femoral impaction grafting using a cemented femoral stem. All surviving patients were prospectively followed for a mean of 14.7 years (9.8 to 28.3) with no loss to follow-up. By the time of the final review, 404 patients had died. There were 76 further revisions (10.8%) involving the stem; seven for aseptic loosening, 23 for periprosthetic fracture, 24 for infection, one for malposition, one for fracture of the stem and 19 cement -in- cement exchanges of the stem during acetabular revision. The 20-year survival rate for the entire series was 98.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 97.8 to 99.8) with aseptic loosening as the endpoint, and 87.7% (95% CI 82.8 to 92.6) for revision for any reason. Survival improved with the evolution of the technique, although this was not statistically significant due to the overall low rate of further revision. This is the largest series of revision total hip arthroplasties with femoral impaction grafting, and the results support the continued use of this technique. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1611-19.
27909122	0	7	Femoral	T023	C0015811
27909122	8	31	impaction bone grafting	T061	C2363941
27909122	35	60	revision hip arthroplasty	T061	C0186201
27909122	100	107	Femoral	T023	C0015811
27909122	108	131	impaction bone grafting	T061	C2363941
27909122	177	192	cancellous bone	T024	C0222660
27909122	193	198	graft	T122	C0181074
27909122	199	207	impacted	T169	C0333125
27909122	217	230	femoral canal	T030	C0225269
27909122	234	245	combination	T080	C0205195
27909122	253	261	cemented	T061	C0441496
27909122	263	270	tapered	T080	C0205556
27909122	272	280	polished	T080	C0205556
27909122	281	285	stem	T074	C1304657
27909122	321	330	technique	T169	C0449851
27909122	335	350	instrumentation	T080	C0021632
27909122	395	428	revision total hip arthroplasties	T061	C0186201
27909122	464	471	femoral	T023	C0015811
27909122	472	490	impaction grafting	T061	C2363941
27909122	499	507	cemented	T061	C0441496
27909122	508	520	femoral stem	T074	C1304657
27909122	536	544	patients	T101	C0030705
27909122	628	637	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27909122	658	670	final review	T078	C1552617
27909122	676	684	patients	T101	C0030705
27909122	689	693	died	T040	C0011065
27909122	717	726	revisions	T061	C1527075
27909122	749	753	stem	T074	C1304657
27909122	765	782	aseptic loosening	T046	C1561656
27909122	791	814	periprosthetic fracture	T037	C2609162
27909122	823	832	infection	T046	C3714514
27909122	842	853	malposition	T067	C1881601
27909122	863	871	fracture	T037	C0016658
27909122	879	883	stem	T074	C1304657
27909122	891	897	cement	T122	C0005934
27909122	903	909	cement	T122	C0005934
27909122	910	919	exchanges	T201	C4019011
27909122	927	931	stem	T074	C1304657
27909122	939	958	acetabular revision	T061	C1561755
27909122	972	985	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27909122	1023	1042	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27909122	1044	1046	CI	T081	C0009667
27909122	1067	1084	aseptic loosening	T046	C1561656
27909122	1117	1119	CI	T081	C0009667
27909122	1138	1146	revision	T061	C1527075
27909122	1163	1171	Survival	T169	C0220921
27909122	1207	1216	technique	T169	C0449851
27909122	1240	1265	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27909122	1277	1284	overall	T080	C1561607
27909122	1285	1288	low	T080	C0205251
27909122	1289	1293	rate	T081	C1521828
27909122	1305	1313	revision	T061	C1527075
27909122	1345	1378	revision total hip arthroplasties	T061	C0186201
27909122	1384	1391	femoral	T023	C0015811
27909122	1392	1410	impaction grafting	T061	C2363941
27909122	1462	1471	technique	T169	C0449851

27909142|t|Disease Activity and Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Death among Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis
27909142|a|Recent studies indicate increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), but results are inconsistent. This prompted our investigation of the mortality rate, cause of death, and incidence of acute CV events in patients from northern Sweden with PsA. Patients with established PsA (464) were included. To calculate standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for CV events, data were extracted from the National Causes of Death Register and the National Inpatient Care Register in Sweden, and compared with the general population. The study period was 1995-2011. To study the effect of inflammatory activity, a composite disease activity index (DAI) was used. The SMR (95% CI) for overall mortality and diseases of the circulatory system (International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition; I00-I99) was 1.22 (0.89-1.63) and 1.64 (1.02-2.52), respectively. In regression analysis, DAI was significantly associated with death (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.41-2.80) when adjusted for age and sex (p < 0.001), and remained significant after stratifying patients into the 2 major causes of death: diseases of the circulatory system and malignant neoplasms. Peripheral and axial disease was associated with death (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.84-8.84, p < 0.001) compared with peripheral disease only. The SIR (95% CI) for a CV event (myocardial infarction or stroke) was 0.597 (0.40-0.86); this association was only significant in men. Patients with PsA had a small but significant increase in SMR for death due to diseases of the circulatory system compared with the general population. Among patients, death was associated with DAI, as well as axial involvement in combination with peripheral disease, indicating more aggressive disease phenotypes.
27909142	0	16	Disease Activity	T047	C1384960
27909142	21	38	Increased Risk of	T033	C0332167
27909142	39	59	Cardiovascular Death	T046	C0376297
27909142	66	74	Patients	T101	C0030705
27909142	80	99	Psoriatic Arthritis	T047	C0003872
27909142	134	163	cardiovascular (CV) morbidity	T047	C1301700
27909142	168	177	mortality	T046	C0376297
27909142	181	189	patients	T101	C0030705
27909142	195	214	psoriatic arthritis	T047	C0003872
27909142	216	219	PsA	T047	C0003872
27909142	291	305	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
27909142	307	321	cause of death	T033	C0007465
27909142	346	355	CV events	T033	C1320716
27909142	359	367	patients	T101	C0030705
27909142	373	381	northern	T082	C1709269
27909142	382	388	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27909142	394	397	PsA	T047	C0003872
27909142	399	407	Patients	T101	C0030705
27909142	425	428	PsA	T047	C0003872
27909142	463	491	standardized mortality ratio	T081	C1710186
27909142	493	496	SMR	T081	C1710186
27909142	502	530	standardized incidence ratio	T081	C2828391
27909142	532	535	SIR	T081	C2828391
27909142	541	550	CV events	T033	C1320716
27909142	581	614	National Causes of Death Register	T170	C0282574
27909142	623	655	National Inpatient Care Register	T170	C0282574
27909142	659	665	Sweden	T083	C0038995
27909142	689	707	general population	T098	C0683971
27909142	764	776	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27909142	799	821	disease activity index	T060	C4065474
27909142	823	826	DAI	T060	C4065474
27909142	842	845	SMR	T081	C1710186
27909142	859	876	overall mortality	T081	C0026565
27909142	881	915	diseases of the circulatory system	T047	C0728936
27909142	917	957	International Classification of Diseases	T170	C0870733
27909142	1042	1061	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27909142	1063	1066	DAI	T060	C4065474
27909142	1101	1106	death	T033	C1306577
27909142	1209	1220	stratifying	T080	C0205363
27909142	1221	1229	patients	T101	C0030705
27909142	1247	1262	causes of death	T033	C0007465
27909142	1264	1298	diseases of the circulatory system	T047	C0728936
27909142	1303	1322	malignant neoplasms	T191	C0006826
27909142	1324	1334	Peripheral	T047	C1704436
27909142	1339	1352	axial disease	T033	C3805913
27909142	1373	1378	death	T033	C1306577
27909142	1432	1450	peripheral disease	T047	C1704436
27909142	1461	1464	SIR	T081	C2828391
27909142	1480	1488	CV event	T033	C1320716
27909142	1490	1511	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
27909142	1515	1521	stroke	T037	C0018843
27909142	1587	1590	men	T098	C0025266
27909142	1592	1600	Patients	T101	C0030705
27909142	1606	1609	PsA	T047	C0003872
27909142	1650	1653	SMR	T081	C1710186
27909142	1658	1663	death	T033	C1306577
27909142	1671	1705	diseases of the circulatory system	T047	C0728936
27909142	1724	1742	general population	T098	C0683971
27909142	1750	1758	patients	T101	C0030705
27909142	1760	1765	death	T033	C1306577
27909142	1786	1789	DAI	T060	C4065474
27909142	1802	1819	axial involvement	T033	C3805913
27909142	1840	1858	peripheral disease	T047	C1704436
27909142	1887	1905	disease phenotypes	T032	C4086242

27909143|t|Interobserver and Intraobserver Reliability of Clinical Assessments in Knee Osteoarthritis
27909143|a|Clinical examination of the knee is subject to measurement error. The aim of this analysis was to determine interobserver and intraobserver reliability of commonly used clinical tests in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We studied subjects with symptomatic knee OA who were participants in an open-label clinical trial of intraarticular steroid therapy. Following standardization of the clinical test procedures, 2 clinicians assessed 25 subjects independently at the same visit, and the same clinician assessed 88 subjects over an interval period of 2-10 weeks; in both cases prior to the steroid intervention. Clinical examination included assessment of bony enlargement, crepitus, quadriceps wasting, knee effusion, joint-line and anserine tenderness, and knee range of movement (ROM). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), estimated kappa (κ), weighted kappa (κω), and Bland-Altman plots were used to determine interobserver and intraobserver levels of agreement. Using Landis and Koch criteria, interobserver κ scores were moderate for patellofemoral joint (κ = 0.53) and anserine tenderness (κ = 0.48); good for bony enlargement (κ = 0.66), quadriceps wasting (κ = 0.78), crepitus (κ = 0.78), medial tibiofemoral joint tenderness (κ = 0.76), and effusion assessed by ballottement (κ = 0.73) and bulge sign (κω = 0.78); and excellent for lateral tibiofemoral joint tenderness (κ = 1.00), flexion (ICC = 0.97), and extension (ICC = 0.87) ROM. Intraobserver κ scores were moderate for lateral tibiofemoral joint tenderness (κ = 0.60); good for crepitus (κ = 0.78), effusion assessed by ballottement test (κ = 0.77), patellofemoral joint (κ = 0.66), medial tibiofemoral joint (κ = 0.64), and anserine tenderness (κ = 0.73); and excellent for effusion assessed by bulge sign (κω = 0.83), bony enlargement (κ = 0.98), quadriceps wasting (κ = 0.83), flexion (ICC = 0.99), and extension (ICC = 0.96) ROM. Among individuals with symptomatic knee OA, the reliability of clinical examination of the knee was at least good for the majority of clinical signs of knee OA.
27909143	0	13	Interobserver	T170	C0870736
27909143	18	31	Intraobserver	T096	C0870992
27909143	32	43	Reliability	T081	C2347947
27909143	47	67	Clinical Assessments	T033	C3845884
27909143	71	90	Knee Osteoarthritis	T047	C0409959
27909143	91	111	Clinical examination	T033	C1456356
27909143	119	123	knee	T023	C0022742
27909143	138	155	measurement error	T081	C0681899
27909143	199	212	interobserver	T170	C0870736
27909143	217	230	intraobserver	T096	C0870992
27909143	231	242	reliability	T081	C2347947
27909143	278	286	patients	T101	C0030705
27909143	292	311	knee osteoarthritis	T047	C0409959
27909143	313	315	OA	T047	C0409959
27909143	329	337	subjects	T096	C0681850
27909143	343	354	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27909143	355	362	knee OA	T047	C0409959
27909143	372	384	participants	T098	C0679646
27909143	391	416	open-label clinical trial	T062	C1709323
27909143	420	450	intraarticular steroid therapy	T061	C0585373
27909143	462	477	standardization	T062	C0038136
27909143	485	509	clinical test procedures	T059	C0022885
27909143	513	523	clinicians	T097	C0871685
27909143	524	532	assessed	T058	C0220825
27909143	536	544	subjects	T096	C0681850
27909143	571	576	visit	T058	C1512346
27909143	591	600	clinician	T097	C0871685
27909143	601	609	assessed	T058	C0220825
27909143	613	621	subjects	T096	C0681850
27909143	630	645	interval period	T079	C1272706
27909143	688	695	steroid	T061	C0149783
27909143	696	708	intervention	T061	C0184661
27909143	710	730	Clinical examination	T033	C1456356
27909143	731	739	included	T169	C0332257
27909143	740	750	assessment	T058	C0220825
27909143	754	770	bony enlargement	UnknownType	C0221610
27909143	772	780	crepitus	T046	C0277964
27909143	782	800	quadriceps wasting	T033	C0555751
27909143	802	815	knee effusion	T033	C0343166
27909143	817	827	joint-line	T029	C0446569
27909143	832	840	anserine	T023	C0224834
27909143	841	851	tenderness	T184	C0240094
27909143	857	879	knee range of movement	T033	C0576094
27909143	881	884	ROM	T033	C0576094
27909143	887	922	Intraclass correlation coefficients	T081	C0392762
27909143	924	927	ICC	T081	C0392762
27909143	930	945	estimated kappa	T081	C0392762
27909143	947	948	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	951	965	weighted kappa	T081	C0392762
27909143	967	969	κω	T081	C0392762
27909143	976	994	Bland-Altman plots	T081	C0392762
27909143	1018	1031	interobserver	T170	C0870736
27909143	1036	1049	intraobserver	T096	C0870992
27909143	1050	1056	levels	T080	C0441889
27909143	1060	1069	agreement	T054	C0680240
27909143	1077	1101	Landis and Koch criteria	T081	C0871425
27909143	1103	1125	interobserver κ scores	T080	C0237855
27909143	1131	1139	moderate	T080	C0205081
27909143	1144	1164	patellofemoral joint	T030	C0447801
27909143	1166	1167	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1180	1188	anserine	T023	C0224834
27909143	1189	1199	tenderness	T184	C0240094
27909143	1201	1202	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1212	1216	good	T080	C0205170
27909143	1221	1237	bony enlargement	UnknownType	C0221610
27909143	1239	1240	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1250	1268	quadriceps wasting	T033	C0555751
27909143	1270	1271	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1281	1289	crepitus	T046	C0277964
27909143	1291	1292	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1302	1308	medial	T082	C0205098
27909143	1309	1327	tibiofemoral joint	T030	C0447795
27909143	1328	1338	tenderness	T184	C0240094
27909143	1340	1341	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1355	1363	effusion	T033	C0343166
27909143	1376	1388	ballottement	T184	C0231756
27909143	1390	1391	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1404	1414	bulge sign	T060	C3696902
27909143	1416	1418	κω	T081	C0392762
27909143	1432	1441	excellent	T080	C1548784
27909143	1446	1453	lateral	T082	C0205093
27909143	1454	1472	tibiofemoral joint	T030	C0447795
27909143	1473	1483	tenderness	T184	C0240094
27909143	1485	1486	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1496	1503	flexion	T042	C0231452
27909143	1505	1508	ICC	T081	C0392762
27909143	1522	1531	extension	T169	C0231448
27909143	1533	1536	ICC	T081	C0392762
27909143	1545	1548	ROM	T033	C0576094
27909143	1550	1572	Intraobserver κ scores	T080	C0237855
27909143	1578	1586	moderate	T080	C0205081
27909143	1591	1598	lateral	T082	C0205093
27909143	1599	1617	tibiofemoral joint	T030	C0447795
27909143	1618	1628	tenderness	T184	C0234233
27909143	1630	1631	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1660	1661	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1671	1679	effusion	T033	C0343166
27909143	1692	1709	ballottement test	T184	C0231756
27909143	1711	1712	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1722	1742	patellofemoral joint	T030	C0447801
27909143	1744	1745	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1755	1761	medial	T082	C0205098
27909143	1762	1780	tibiofemoral joint	T030	C0447795
27909143	1782	1783	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1797	1805	anserine	T023	C0224834
27909143	1806	1816	tenderness	T184	C0234233
27909143	1818	1819	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1833	1842	excellent	T080	C1548784
27909143	1847	1855	effusion	T033	C0343166
27909143	1868	1878	bulge sign	T060	C3696902
27909143	1880	1882	κω	T081	C0392762
27909143	1892	1908	bony enlargement	UnknownType	C0221610
27909143	1910	1911	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1921	1939	quadriceps wasting	T033	C0555751
27909143	1941	1942	κ	T081	C0392762
27909143	1952	1959	flexion	T042	C0231452
27909143	1961	1964	ICC	T081	C0392762
27909143	1978	1987	extension	T169	C0231448
27909143	1989	1992	ICC	T081	C0392762
27909143	2001	2004	ROM	T033	C0576094
27909143	2012	2023	individuals	T098	C0237401
27909143	2029	2040	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27909143	2041	2048	knee OA	T047	C0409959
27909143	2054	2065	reliability	T081	C2347947
27909143	2069	2089	clinical examination	T033	C1456356
27909143	2097	2101	knee	T023	C0022742
27909143	2140	2154	clinical signs	T033	C3540840
27909143	2158	2165	knee OA	T047	C0409959

27909557|t|Eating habits, physical activity, nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy by obesity status in upper-grade elementary school students
27909557|a|Childhood obesity has increased in recent decades in Korea. This study was designed to examine differences in the eating habits, physical activity (PA), nutrition knowledge, and self-efficacy of children by obesity status. Subjects were 5th-grade children from 70 elementary schools in 17 cities nationwide. Two-stage stratified cluster sampling was employed. Survey questionnaire included items related to general characteristics, eating habits, PA, nutrition knowledge and self-efficacy. Excluding incomplete responses, 3,531 data were analyzed using SPSS. Subjects were categorized into overweight·obesity (OW) and normal weight (NW) groups based on body mass index percentiles for age by sex. A total of 21.5% of subjects was overweight or obese. There were significant differences in gender, perceived stress, perception of body shape, body satisfaction, and interest in weight control between the OW and NW groups (P < 0.001). With respect to eating habits, the OW group ate breakfast (P < 0.05) and snacks (P < 0.01) less frequently, ate bigger meals (P < 0.001), and demonstrated less desirable behaviors during meals (P <0.05 in boys) compared to the NW group. The OW group participated in less PA than the NW group, especially boys. OW boys spent less time walking during weekdays (P < 0.05) or the weekend (P < 0.001), spent more time being sedentary during weekdays or the weekend (P < 0.001), and exercised a fewer number of days (P < 0.01). For girls, the OW group spent more time being sedentary during the weekend (P < 0.01) and exercised a fewer number of days by walking or bicycle riding (P < 0.05) than the NW group. Nutrition knowledge was not significantly different between the OW and NW groups. Self-efficacy (P < 0.01 in boys), especially PA self-efficacy (P < 0.01), was significantly lower in the OW than NW group. This study revealed differences in eating habits, PA, and self-efficacy between OW and NW children. Obesity management programs for children need to focus on increasing self-efficacy, modifying eating habits, and increasing PA.
27909557	0	13	Eating habits	T055	C1266864
27909557	15	32	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27909557	34	53	nutrition knowledge	T033	C0946257
27909557	59	72	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27909557	76	90	obesity status	T033	C0421268
27909557	94	132	upper-grade elementary school students	T098	C0870481
27909557	133	150	Childhood obesity	T047	C2362324
27909557	186	191	Korea	T083	C0022771
27909557	247	260	eating habits	T055	C1266864
27909557	262	279	physical activity	T056	C0026606
27909557	281	283	PA	T056	C0026606
27909557	286	305	nutrition knowledge	T033	C0946257
27909557	311	324	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27909557	328	336	children	T100	C0008059
27909557	340	354	obesity status	T033	C0421268
27909557	356	364	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27909557	380	388	children	T100	C0008059
27909557	397	415	elementary schools	T073,T092	C0596497
27909557	422	439	cities nationwide	T083	C0008848
27909557	441	478	Two-stage stratified cluster sampling	T062	C0681883
27909557	493	513	Survey questionnaire	T170	C1714475
27909557	565	578	eating habits	T055	C1266864
27909557	580	582	PA	T056	C0026606
27909557	584	603	nutrition knowledge	T033	C0946257
27909557	608	621	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27909557	633	653	incomplete responses	T080	C0205257
27909557	661	665	data	T078	C1511726
27909557	686	690	SPSS	T081	C0038205
27909557	692	700	Subjects	T098	C0080105
27909557	723	741	overweight·obesity	T047	C4237343
27909557	743	745	OW	T047	C4237343
27909557	751	764	normal weight	T033	C2712185
27909557	766	768	NW	T033	C2712185
27909557	770	776	groups	T078	C0441833
27909557	786	828	body mass index percentiles for age by sex	T033	C3838397
27909557	850	858	subjects	T098	C0080105
27909557	863	882	overweight or obese	T047	C4237343
27909557	922	928	gender	T032	C0079399
27909557	930	946	perceived stress	T170	C0582653
27909557	948	972	perception of body shape	T033	C0243095
27909557	974	991	body satisfaction	T033	C0243095
27909557	997	1023	interest in weight control	T055	C1321111
27909557	1036	1038	OW	T047	C4237343
27909557	1043	1045	NW	T033	C2712185
27909557	1046	1052	groups	T078	C0441833
27909557	1082	1095	eating habits	T055	C1266864
27909557	1101	1103	OW	T047	C4237343
27909557	1104	1109	group	T078	C0441833
27909557	1114	1123	breakfast	T056	C2698559
27909557	1139	1145	snacks	T168	C0453863
27909557	1174	1190	ate bigger meals	T056	C1998602
27909557	1221	1245	less desirable behaviors	T053	C0004927
27909557	1246	1258	during meals	T079	C0587120
27909557	1271	1275	boys	T100	C0870221
27909557	1293	1295	NW	T033	C2712185
27909557	1296	1301	group	T078	C0441833
27909557	1307	1309	OW	T047	C4237343
27909557	1310	1315	group	T078	C0441833
27909557	1310	1315	group	T078	C0441833
27909557	1337	1339	PA	T056	C0026606
27909557	1349	1351	NW	T033	C2712185
27909557	1352	1357	group	T078	C0441833
27909557	1370	1374	boys	T100	C0870221
27909557	1376	1378	OW	T047	C4237343
27909557	1379	1383	boys	T100	C0870221
27909557	1384	1407	spent less time walking	T033	C0851791
27909557	1415	1423	weekdays	T079	C0680189
27909557	1442	1449	weekend	T079	C0680190
27909557	1463	1494	spent more time being sedentary	T056	C1519977
27909557	1502	1510	weekdays	T079	C0680189
27909557	1518	1525	weekend	T079	C0680190
27909557	1543	1552	exercised	T056	C0015259
27909557	1555	1575	fewer number of days	T033	C3843681
27909557	1592	1597	girls	T100	C0870604
27909557	1603	1605	OW	T047	C4237343
27909557	1606	1611	group	T078	C0441833
27909557	1612	1643	spent more time being sedentary	T056	C1519977
27909557	1655	1662	weekend	T079	C0680190
27909557	1678	1687	exercised	T056	C0015259
27909557	1690	1710	fewer number of days	T033	C3843681
27909557	1714	1721	walking	T056	C0080331
27909557	1725	1739	bicycle riding	T033	C0577368
27909557	1760	1762	NW	T033	C2712185
27909557	1763	1768	group	T078	C0441833
27909557	1770	1789	Nutrition knowledge	T033	C0946257
27909557	1834	1836	OW	T047	C4237343
27909557	1841	1843	NW	T033	C2712185
27909557	1844	1850	groups	T078	C0441833
27909557	1852	1865	Self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27909557	1879	1883	boys	T100	C0870221
27909557	1897	1899	PA	T056	C0026606
27909557	1900	1913	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27909557	1957	1959	OW	T047	C4237343
27909557	1965	1967	NW	T033	C2712185
27909557	1968	1973	group	T078	C0441833
27909557	2010	2023	eating habits	T055	C1266864
27909557	2025	2027	PA	T056	C0026606
27909557	2033	2046	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27909557	2055	2057	OW	T047	C4237343
27909557	2062	2064	NW	T033	C2712185
27909557	2065	2073	children	T100	C0008059
27909557	2075	2102	Obesity management programs	T058	C4273558
27909557	2107	2115	children	T100	C0008059
27909557	2144	2157	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
27909557	2169	2182	eating habits	T055	C1266864
27909557	2199	2201	PA	T056	C0026606

27909710|t|Intracellular distribution and stability of a luminescent rhenium(i) tricarbonyl tetrazolato complex using epifluorescence microscopy in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence imaging
27909710|a|Optical epifluorescence microscopy was used in conjunction with X-ray fluorescence imaging to monitor the stability and intracellular distribution of the luminescent rhenium(i) complex fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)L], where phen = 1,10-phenathroline and L = 5-(4-iodophenyl)tetrazolato, in 22Rv1 cells. The rhenium complex showed no signs of ancillary ligand dissociation, a conclusion based on data obtained via X-ray fluorescence imaging aligning iodine and rhenium distributions. A diffuse reticular localisation was detected for the complex in the nuclear / perinuclear region of cells, by either optical or X-ray fluorescence imaging techniques. X-ray fluorescence also showed that the rhenium complex disrupted the homeostasis of some biologically relevant elements, such as chlorine, potassium and zinc.
27909710	0	13	Intracellular	T082	C0178719
27909710	14	26	distribution	T169	C1704711
27909710	31	40	stability	T080	C0205360
27909710	46	57	luminescent	T130	C1450139
27909710	58	100	rhenium(i) tricarbonyl tetrazolato complex	T104	C1273031
27909710	107	133	epifluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
27909710	137	148	conjunction	T078	C2699427
27909710	154	180	X-ray fluorescence imaging	T060	C0037804
27909710	181	215	Optical epifluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
27909710	228	239	conjunction	T078	C2699427
27909710	245	271	X-ray fluorescence imaging	T060	C0037804
27909710	287	296	stability	T080	C0205360
27909710	301	314	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27909710	315	327	distribution	T169	C1704711
27909710	335	346	luminescent	T130	C1450139
27909710	347	386	rhenium(i) complex fac-[Re(CO)3(phen)L]	T104	C1273031
27909710	394	398	phen	T109	C0029224
27909710	401	419	1,10-phenathroline	T109	C0029224
27909710	424	425	L	T103	C0023688
27909710	428	455	5-(4-iodophenyl)tetrazolato	T109	C0039703
27909710	460	471	22Rv1 cells	T025	C1518174
27909710	477	492	rhenium complex	T104	C1273031
27909710	512	521	ancillary	T078	C1549485
27909710	522	528	ligand	T103	C0023688
27909710	529	541	dissociation	T067	C0598130
27909710	565	569	data	T078	C1511726
27909710	583	609	X-ray fluorescence imaging	T060	C0037804
27909710	619	625	iodine	T121,T123,T196	C0021968
27909710	630	637	rhenium	T196	C0035419
27909710	638	651	distributions	T169	C1704711
27909710	655	685	diffuse reticular localisation	T169	C0475264
27909710	707	714	complex	T104	C1273031
27909710	722	729	nuclear	T026	C0887871
27909710	732	750	perinuclear region	T026	C0230536
27909710	754	759	cells	T025	C1518174
27909710	771	778	optical	T059	C0026022
27909710	782	808	X-ray fluorescence imaging	T060	C0037804
27909710	809	819	techniques	T169	C0449851
27909710	821	839	X-ray fluorescence	T060	C0037804
27909710	861	876	rhenium complex	T104	C1273031
27909710	877	886	disrupted	T080	C0332454
27909710	891	902	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27909710	911	941	biologically relevant elements	T123	C0574031
27909710	951	959	chlorine	T131,T196	C0008209
27909710	961	970	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
27909710	975	979	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481

27909876|t|Sonochemical Effect on Activity and Conformation of Commercial Lipases
27909876|a|The enzyme under lower-intensity ultrasonic irradiation leads to favourable conformational changes, thereby enhancing its activity. The augmentation of activity of ultrasound - treated enzyme is strongly dependent on ultrasound intensity, duty cycle and exposure time, which was investigated for commercial lipases. Thermomyces lanuginosus (TL) lipase showed a 1.3-fold enhanced activity after irradiating at 22 kHz and 11.38 W cm(-2) with 50 % duty cycle for 25-min ultrasonic treatment and 1.5-fold enhanced activity was observed for lipozyme (candida antarctica lipase B (CALB)) lipase, at 22 kHz and 15.48 W cm(-2) with 66.67 % duty cycle for 20-min ultrasonic treatment. After sonication, thermodynamic parameters viz. E a, ΔH, ΔS and ΔG were evaluated and values were found to be significantly lower for both lipases. In addition, the changes in secondary structure due to sonication were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), which revealed increase in a certain number of random coiled structure, loss of β-sheets, β-turns and α-helix content in TL lipase and CALB lipase. Also, fluorescence spectroscopy exhibited the increased number of tryptophan on surface of both lipases. Moreover, particle size distribution after sonication also helped to improve surface area and enhanced mass transfer, which contributed to improvement in lipase activity.
27909876	0	12	Sonochemical	T062	C0037680
27909876	13	19	Effect	T080	C1280500
27909876	23	31	Activity	T044	C1149836
27909876	36	48	Conformation	T082	C0033625
27909876	52	62	Commercial	T170	C0680536
27909876	63	70	Lipases	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27909876	75	81	enzyme	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27909876	104	114	ultrasonic	T070	C1456803
27909876	115	126	irradiation	T070	C1282930
27909876	147	169	conformational changes	T044	C0301641
27909876	179	188	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27909876	193	201	activity	T044	C1149836
27909876	223	231	activity	T044	C1149836
27909876	235	245	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
27909876	248	255	treated	T169	C1522326
27909876	256	262	enzyme	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27909876	288	308	ultrasound intensity	T033	C2173560
27909876	310	320	duty cycle	T079	C1511572
27909876	325	333	exposure	T080	C0332157
27909876	334	338	time	T079	C0040223
27909876	367	377	commercial	T170	C0680536
27909876	378	385	lipases	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27909876	387	410	Thermomyces lanuginosus	T004	C0997674
27909876	412	414	TL	T004	C0997674
27909876	416	422	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27909876	441	449	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27909876	450	458	activity	T044	C1149836
27909876	465	476	irradiating	T070	C1282930
27909876	516	526	duty cycle	T079	C1511572
27909876	538	548	ultrasonic	T070	C1456803
27909876	549	558	treatment	T169	C1522326
27909876	572	580	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27909876	581	589	activity	T044	C1149836
27909876	607	615	lipozyme	T116,T126	C0297709
27909876	617	644	candida antarctica lipase B	T116,T126	C0967988
27909876	646	650	CALB	T116,T126	C0967988
27909876	653	659	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27909876	703	713	duty cycle	T079	C1511572
27909876	725	735	ultrasonic	T070	C1456803
27909876	736	745	treatment	T169	C1522326
27909876	753	763	sonication	T062	C0037680
27909876	765	778	thermodynamic	T090	C0039808
27909876	779	789	parameters	T077	C0549193
27909876	795	798	E a	T081	C1547025
27909876	800	802	ΔH	T081	C1710184
27909876	804	806	ΔS	T080	C1710185
27909876	811	813	ΔG	T081	C1710182
27909876	886	893	lipases	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27909876	912	919	changes	T169	C0392747
27909876	923	942	secondary structure	T082	C0162807
27909876	950	960	sonication	T062	C0037680
27909876	988	1014	Fourier transform infrared	T059	C0920528
27909876	1016	1021	FT-IR	T059	C0920528
27909876	1078	1094	coiled structure	T082	C0444764
27909876	1104	1112	β-sheets	T082	C0162806
27909876	1114	1121	β-turns	T082	C1254362
27909876	1126	1133	α-helix	T082	C0162805
27909876	1145	1147	TL	T004	C0997674
27909876	1148	1154	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27909876	1159	1170	CALB lipase	T116,T126	C0967988
27909876	1178	1203	fluorescence spectroscopy	T059	C0242506
27909876	1228	1234	number	T081	C0237753
27909876	1238	1248	tryptophan	T116,T121,T123	C0041249
27909876	1268	1275	lipases	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
27909876	1287	1313	particle size distribution	T081	C0392762
27909876	1320	1330	sonication	T062	C0037680
27909876	1354	1361	surface	T082	C0205148
27909876	1362	1366	area	T082	C0205146
27909876	1371	1379	enhanced	T052	C2349975
27909876	1380	1393	mass transfer	T081	C0392762
27909876	1431	1446	lipase activity	T044	C1149836

27910092|t|Management of Atrial Fibrillation in Elderly Adults
27910092|a|Driven in large part by the aging of the population and the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), there is a burgeoning epidemic of AF in elderly adults. Although there is a large body of literature to guide management of people with AF, elderly adults with AF are frequently underrepresented in clinical trials. This review provides a contemporary update on management of elderly adults with AF with a particular focus on the two main clinical challenges that AF poses: stroke risk reduction and control of symptoms. The evidence to support novel AF treatment strategies in elderly adults is reviewed, including novel oral anticoagulants and left atrial appendage closure for stroke risk reduction and catheter ablation for control of symptoms.
27910092	0	10	Management	T058	C0376636
27910092	14	33	Atrial Fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27910092	37	51	Elderly Adults	T100	C2825054
27910092	80	85	aging	T040	C0001811
27910092	93	103	population	T098	C1257890
27910092	123	133	prevalence	T081	C0033105
27910092	137	151	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
27910092	152	165	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27910092	166	181	associated with	T080	C0332281
27910092	182	201	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27910092	203	205	AF	T047	C0004238
27910092	230	238	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27910092	242	244	AF	T047	C0004238
27910092	248	262	elderly adults	T100	C2825054
27910092	298	308	literature	T170	C0023866
27910092	318	328	management	T058	C0376636
27910092	332	338	people	T098	C0027361
27910092	344	346	AF	T047	C0004238
27910092	348	362	elderly adults	T100	C2825054
27910092	368	370	AF	T047	C0004238
27910092	406	421	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
27910092	428	434	review	T170	C0282443
27910092	469	479	management	T058	C0376636
27910092	483	497	elderly adults	T100	C2825054
27910092	503	505	AF	T047	C0004238
27910092	546	565	clinical challenges	T201	C0798503
27910092	571	573	AF	T047	C0004238
27910092	581	587	stroke	T047	C0038454
27910092	588	592	risk	T058	C0086930
27910092	593	602	reduction	T080	C0392756
27910092	607	626	control of symptoms	T061	C1274136
27910092	658	660	AF	T047	C0004238
27910092	661	670	treatment	T061	C0087111
27910092	685	699	elderly adults	T100	C2825054
27910092	729	748	oral anticoagulants	T109,T121	C0354604
27910092	753	774	left atrial appendage	T023	C4284918
27910092	775	782	closure	T061	C0185003
27910092	787	793	stroke	T047	C0038454
27910092	794	798	risk	T058	C0086930
27910092	799	808	reduction	T080	C0392756
27910092	813	830	catheter ablation	T061	C0162563
27910092	835	854	control of symptoms	T061	C1274136

27910818|t|Histomorphometric and transcriptome evaluation of early healing bone treated with a novel human particulate dentin powder
27910818|a|Human particulate dentin (HPD) shows potential as an alternative bone grafting material. However, the mechanism of bone healing at the molecular level after grafting with HPD is unclear. This study assessed the histological and global gene expression of bone tissues grafted with HPD. The HPD was prepared to 250-500 µm in size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were performed to confirm the crystal structure, organic compound residues, and surface morphology, respectively. Bony defects were created on the heads of 24 New Zealand White rabbits. Sterilized HPD was used as the grafting material. The quality and quantity of new bone formation was evaluated using micro-CT and histologic analyses during the 8 week experimental periods. For microarray assay, bone tissue and blood samples were taken at 3, 5 and 7 d post-implantation. The results of XRD and EDX showed that HPD exhibited physical and chemical properties similar to natural hydroxyapatite. New bone formation was observed after HPD implantation compared to the controls, as shown on hematoxylin and eosin staining and micro-CT. The bone volume of HPD treated animals was higher than that of the control group at all observation times. Microarray analysis showed that vascular development coupled with immune and inflammatory related genes were expressed in the early healing stage. The gene coding for the IL-1 antagonist, IL1RN, was expressed to inhibit the inflammatory response, and at the same time, the CCL2 gene was activated to 2.3 times the normal level. BMP2, RUNX2, COL1A, and OPN expression were also up-regulated. CCL2 predominated in osteoblastogenesis of the HPD - treated bony defect in the early stage of healing. HPD accelerated bone regeneration and augmentation. These results suggested that HPD provided potential as a bone graft resource during the bone healing process.
27910818	0	17	Histomorphometric	T059	C0200760
27910818	22	35	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27910818	36	46	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27910818	56	68	healing bone	T033	C1321023
27910818	69	81	treated with	T061	C0332293
27910818	84	89	novel	T080	C0205314
27910818	90	114	human particulate dentin	T031	C0011429
27910818	115	121	powder	T122	C0032861
27910818	122	146	Human particulate dentin	T031	C0011429
27910818	148	151	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	159	168	potential	T080	C3245505
27910818	175	186	alternative	T077	C1523987
27910818	187	200	bone grafting	T061	C0005976
27910818	201	209	material	T122	C0181074
27910818	224	233	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27910818	237	249	bone healing	T033	C1321023
27910818	257	266	molecular	T080	C1521991
27910818	267	272	level	T080	C0441889
27910818	279	287	grafting	T061	C1961139
27910818	293	296	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	314	319	study	T062	C2603343
27910818	320	328	assessed	T052	C1516048
27910818	333	345	histological	T169	C0205462
27910818	350	356	global	T080	C2348867
27910818	357	372	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27910818	376	388	bone tissues	T024	C0391978
27910818	389	396	grafted	T169	C0700106
27910818	402	405	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	411	414	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	419	427	prepared	T033	C4082130
27910818	451	468	X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
27910818	470	473	XRD	T059	C0043301
27910818	479	515	energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy	T059	C2699997
27910818	517	520	EDX	T059	C2699997
27910818	527	536	performed	T169	C0884358
27910818	540	547	confirm	T080	C1456348
27910818	552	569	crystal structure	T104	C0444626
27910818	571	587	organic compound	T109	C0029224
27910818	588	596	residues	T077	C1709915
27910818	602	620	surface morphology	T080	C0332437
27910818	636	640	Bony	T169	C0443157
27910818	641	648	defects	T169	C1457869
27910818	654	661	created	T052	C1706214
27910818	669	674	heads	T029	C0018670
27910818	681	706	New Zealand White rabbits	T015	C0324547
27910818	708	718	Sterilized	T080	C0205556
27910818	719	722	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	739	756	grafting material	T122	C0181074
27910818	762	769	quality	T080	C0332306
27910818	774	782	quantity	T081	C1265611
27910818	786	804	new bone formation	T042	C0029433
27910818	809	818	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27910818	825	833	micro-CT	T060	C2350281
27910818	838	848	histologic	T169	C0205462
27910818	849	857	analyses	T062	C0936012
27910818	858	864	during	T079	C0347984
27910818	876	888	experimental	T080	C1517586
27910818	889	896	periods	T079	C1948053
27910818	902	918	microarray assay	T059	C0022885
27910818	920	931	bone tissue	T024	C0391978
27910818	936	949	blood samples	T031	C0178913
27910818	977	994	post-implantation	T079	C1254367
27910818	1000	1007	results	T034	C0456984
27910818	1011	1014	XRD	T059	C0043301
27910818	1019	1022	EDX	T059	C2699997
27910818	1035	1038	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	1049	1057	physical	T070	C0597237
27910818	1062	1081	chemical properties	T070	C0243178
27910818	1082	1089	similar	T080	C2348205
27910818	1093	1100	natural	T169	C0205296
27910818	1101	1115	hydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27910818	1117	1135	New bone formation	T042	C0029433
27910818	1140	1148	observed	T169	C1441672
27910818	1155	1158	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	1159	1171	implantation	T061	C0021107
27910818	1172	1180	compared	T052	C1707455
27910818	1188	1196	controls	T096	C0009932
27910818	1210	1240	hematoxylin and eosin staining	T059	C0523207
27910818	1245	1253	micro-CT	T060	C2350281
27910818	1259	1270	bone volume	T032	C1317149
27910818	1274	1277	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	1278	1285	treated	T169	C1522326
27910818	1286	1293	animals	T008	C0003062
27910818	1298	1304	higher	T080	C0205250
27910818	1322	1335	control group	T096	C0009932
27910818	1343	1354	observation	T062	C0302523
27910818	1355	1360	times	T081	C1632851
27910818	1362	1381	Microarray analysis	T059	C1449575
27910818	1394	1414	vascular development	T042	C1621270
27910818	1428	1434	immune	T169	C0439662
27910818	1439	1451	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27910818	1460	1465	genes	T028	C0017337
27910818	1471	1480	expressed	T045	C0017262
27910818	1488	1493	early	T079	C2363430
27910818	1494	1501	healing	T040	C0043240
27910818	1502	1507	stage	T079	C0205390
27910818	1513	1524	gene coding	T028	C3839127
27910818	1533	1548	IL-1 antagonist	T121	C3536785
27910818	1550	1555	IL1RN	T028	C1416402
27910818	1561	1570	expressed	T045	C0017262
27910818	1574	1581	inhibit	T044	C0021469
27910818	1586	1607	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27910818	1635	1644	CCL2 gene	T028	C1337092
27910818	1649	1658	activated	T052	C1879547
27910818	1676	1682	normal	T080	C0205307
27910818	1683	1688	level	T080	C0441889
27910818	1690	1694	BMP2	T028	C1332424
27910818	1696	1701	RUNX2	T028	C1419771
27910818	1703	1708	COL1A	T028	C0017337
27910818	1714	1717	OPN	T028	C1420369
27910818	1718	1728	expression	T045	C0017262
27910818	1739	1751	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27910818	1753	1757	CCL2	T028	C1337092
27910818	1758	1770	predominated	T080	C0332251
27910818	1774	1792	osteoblastogenesis	T043	C1159974
27910818	1800	1803	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	1806	1813	treated	T169	C1522326
27910818	1814	1818	bony	T169	C0443157
27910818	1819	1825	defect	T169	C1457869
27910818	1833	1844	early stage	T079	C2363430
27910818	1848	1855	healing	T040	C0043240
27910818	1857	1860	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	1861	1872	accelerated	T169	C0521110
27910818	1873	1890	bone regeneration	T042	C0005972
27910818	1895	1907	augmentation	T033	C0332509
27910818	1915	1922	results	T034	C0456984
27910818	1923	1932	suggested	T078	C1705535
27910818	1938	1941	HPD	T031	C0011429
27910818	1942	1950	provided	T052	C1999230
27910818	1951	1960	potential	T080	C3245505
27910818	1966	1976	bone graft	T061	C0005976
27910818	1977	1985	resource	T078	C0178514
27910818	1986	1992	during	T079	C0347984
27910818	1997	2001	bone	T023	C0262950
27910818	2002	2017	healing process	T040	C2004454

27912013|t|Sprouting as a gardening strategy to obtain superior supplementary food: evidence from a seed - caching marine worm
27912013|a|Only a handful of non-human animals are known to grow their own food by cultivating high-yield fungal or algal crops as staple food. Here we report an alternative strategy utilized by an omnivorous marine worm, Hediste diversicolor, to supplement its diet: gardening by sprouting seeds. In addition to having many other known feeding modes, we showed using video recordings and manipulative mesocosm experiments that this species can also behave like gardeners by deliberately burying cordgrass seeds in their burrows, which has been previously shown to reduce the loss of seeds to water. These seeds, however, are protected by the seed husk, and we used feeding experiments to show that they were not edible for H. diversicolor until they had sprouted or the seed husk had been artificially removed. Additionally, sprouts were shown to be highly nutritious, permitting higher growth rates in H. diversicolor than the low - quality basal food, detritus. We propose both a proximate cause (seed husk as a physical barrier) and ultimate cause (nutritional demand) for this peculiar feeding behavior. Our findings suggest that sprouting may be a common strategy used by seed - collecting animals to exploit nutrients from well-protected seeds.
27912013	0	9	Sprouting	T040	C1160189
27912013	15	24	gardening	T056	C0868963
27912013	44	52	superior	T082	C1282910
27912013	53	71	supplementary food	T168	C0242295
27912013	73	81	evidence	T078	C3887511
27912013	89	93	seed	T002	C0036563
27912013	96	103	caching	T169	C1516698
27912013	104	115	marine worm	T204	C0032444
27912013	134	151	non-human animals	T008	C0003062
27912013	165	169	grow	T052	C0441655
27912013	180	184	food	T168	C0016452
27912013	188	199	cultivating	T052	C0441655
27912013	211	217	fungal	T004	C0016832
27912013	221	232	algal crops	T204	C0002028
27912013	236	247	staple food	T168	C0016452
27912013	303	325	omnivorous marine worm	T204	C0032444
27912013	327	347	Hediste diversicolor	T204	C1060974
27912013	352	371	supplement its diet	T168	C0242295
27912013	373	382	gardening	T056	C0868963
27912013	386	395	sprouting	T040	C1160189
27912013	396	401	seeds	T002	C0036563
27912013	442	449	feeding	T052	C2987508
27912013	473	489	video recordings	T073	C0042650
27912013	494	527	manipulative mesocosm experiments	T062	C0681814
27912013	538	545	species	T185	C1705920
27912013	567	576	gardeners	T097	C0335454
27912013	593	600	burying	T052	C0441655
27912013	601	610	cordgrass	T002	C1000995
27912013	611	616	seeds	T002	C0036563
27912013	626	633	burrows	T082	C1254362
27912013	670	676	reduce	T080	C0392756
27912013	681	685	loss	T081	C1517945
27912013	689	694	seeds	T002	C0036563
27912013	698	703	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27912013	711	716	seeds	T002	C0036563
27912013	731	740	protected	T033	C1545588
27912013	748	757	seed husk	T002	C0557858
27912013	771	778	feeding	T052	C2987508
27912013	779	790	experiments	T062	C0681814
27912013	814	824	not edible	T033	C1513916
27912013	829	844	H. diversicolor	T204	C1060974
27912013	860	868	sprouted	T040	C1160189
27912013	876	885	seed husk	T002	C0557858
27912013	908	915	removed	T080	C0849355
27912013	931	938	sprouts	T002	C0242437
27912013	956	962	highly	T080	C0205250
27912013	963	973	nutritious	T168	C0453857
27912013	986	992	higher	T080	C0205250
27912013	993	1005	growth rates	T079	C0449249
27912013	1009	1024	H. diversicolor	T204	C1060974
27912013	1034	1037	low	T080	C0205251
27912013	1040	1047	quality	T080	C0332306
27912013	1048	1058	basal food	T168	C0016452
27912013	1060	1068	detritus	T167	C0440266
27912013	1105	1114	seed husk	T002	C0557858
27912013	1120	1136	physical barrier	T080	C4045969
27912013	1158	1169	nutritional	T080	C1521739
27912013	1170	1176	demand	T033	C0562447
27912013	1196	1203	feeding	T052	C2987508
27912013	1204	1212	behavior	T053	C0004927
27912013	1240	1249	sprouting	T040	C1160189
27912013	1283	1287	seed	T002	C0036563
27912013	1290	1300	collecting	T169	C1516698
27912013	1301	1308	animals	T008	C0003062
27912013	1320	1329	nutrients	T168	C0678695
27912013	1335	1349	well-protected	T033	C1545588
27912013	1350	1355	seeds	T002	C0036563

27913270|t|Comparison of plasma ammonia results from seven different automated platforms in use throughout Central Australia
27913270|a|The clinical catchment area for the Metabolic service at the Women's and Children's Hospital in Adelaide, South Australia, covers nearly 2.5millionkm(2). Care of children with metabolic disorders in these remote areas is assisted from Adelaide, and at times, using plasma ammonia results from laboratories up to 3000km away. There are seven different platforms measuring plasma ammonia within this vast clinical catchment area. Hence, a correlation study was conducted to examine the relationship between plasma ammonia results from the seven different platforms in use throughout central Australia. Multiple aliquots of plasma from remainder EDTA samples for haematological investigations were frozen. Samples were then dispatched on dry ice to the laboratories being correlated. At an agreed date and time correlation samples were thawed and plasma ammonia measured. Passing-Bablok regression analysis showed slopes ranging from 1.00 to 1.10 and y-intercepts ranging from -10μmol/L to 1μmol/L. Despite the absence of a reference method or reference material and troublesome pre-analytical effects in ammonia measurement, plasma ammonia results from the different platforms in general compare well. The study also demonstrates that samples for ammonia measurement can be transported over great distances and still correlate well. Furthermore, a common reference interval for plasma ammonia may be a possibility.
27913270	14	36	plasma ammonia results	T059	C1278131
27913270	68	77	platforms	T075	C1710360
27913270	96	113	Central Australia	T083	C0004340
27913270	118	141	clinical catchment area	T083	C0007403
27913270	150	167	Metabolic service	T058	C1254363
27913270	175	206	Women's and Children's Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27913270	210	218	Adelaide	T083	C0017446
27913270	220	235	South Australia	T083	C0037715
27913270	268	284	Care of children	T058	C0008078
27913270	290	309	metabolic disorders	T047	C0025517
27913270	319	331	remote areas	T082	C0205146
27913270	349	357	Adelaide	T083	C0017446
27913270	379	401	plasma ammonia results	T059	C1278131
27913270	407	419	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27913270	465	474	platforms	T075	C1710360
27913270	475	499	measuring plasma ammonia	T059	C1278131
27913270	517	540	clinical catchment area	T083	C0007403
27913270	551	568	correlation study	T062,T170	C0010101
27913270	598	610	relationship	T080	C0439849
27913270	619	641	plasma ammonia results	T059	C1278131
27913270	667	676	platforms	T075	C1710360
27913270	695	712	central Australia	T083	C0004340
27913270	723	731	aliquots	T081	C1510844
27913270	735	741	plasma	T031	C0032105
27913270	757	769	EDTA samples	UnknownType	C0878557
27913270	774	803	haematological investigations	T059	C0018941
27913270	809	815	frozen	T070	C0016701
27913270	817	824	Samples	T031	C0178913
27913270	849	856	dry ice	T197	C0013239
27913270	864	876	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
27913270	883	893	correlated	T080	C1707520
27913270	908	912	date	T081	C0010100
27913270	917	933	time correlation	T080	C1707520
27913270	934	941	samples	T031	C0178913
27913270	958	981	plasma ammonia measured	T059	C1278131
27913270	983	1017	Passing-Bablok regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27913270	1062	1074	y-intercepts	T082	C1254362
27913270	1135	1151	reference method	T059	C1977311
27913270	1155	1173	reference material	T167	C0520510
27913270	1190	1212	pre-analytical effects	T080	C1280500
27913270	1216	1235	ammonia measurement	T059	C0201879
27913270	1237	1259	plasma ammonia results	T059	C1278131
27913270	1279	1288	platforms	T075	C1710360
27913270	1347	1354	samples	T031	C0178913
27913270	1359	1378	ammonia measurement	T059	C0201879
27913270	1409	1418	distances	T081	C0012751
27913270	1429	1438	correlate	T080	C1707520
27913270	1467	1485	reference interval	T081	C0086715
27913270	1490	1496	plasma	T031	C0032105
27913270	1497	1504	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607

27913319|t|Assessing the benefits of targeted drug delivery by nanocarriers: A partico/pharmacokinetic framework
27913319|a|An in vivo kinetic framework is introduced to analyze and predict the quantitative advantage of using nanocarriers to deliver drugs, especially anticancer agents, compared to administering the same drugs in their free form. This framework recognizes three levels of kinetics. First is the particokinetics associated with deposition of nanocarriers into tissues associated with drug effect and toxicity, their residence inside those tissues, and elimination of the nanocarriers from the body. Second is the release pattern in time of free drug from the nanocarriers. Third is the pharmacokinetics of free drug, as it relates to deposition and elimination processes in the target and toxicity associated tissues, and total body clearance. A figure of merit, the drug targeting index (DTI), is used to quantitate the benefit of nanocarrier based drug delivery by considering the effects of preferential deposition of nanoparticles into target tissues and relative avoidance of tissues associated with drug toxicity, compared to drug that is administered in its free form. General methods are derived for calculating DTI when appropriate particokinetic, pharmacokinetic, and drug release rate information is available, and it is shown that relatively simple algebraic forms result when some common assumptions are made. This approach may find use in developing and selecting nanocarrier formulations, either for populations or for individuals.
27913319	14	22	benefits	T081	C0814225
27913319	26	34	targeted	T169	C1521840
27913319	35	48	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
27913319	52	64	nanocarriers	T073	C1450053
27913319	68	101	partico/pharmacokinetic framework	T169	C0031328
27913319	105	112	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27913319	113	130	kinetic framework	T169	C0031328
27913319	148	155	analyze	T062	C0936012
27913319	172	184	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27913319	204	216	nanocarriers	T073	C1450053
27913319	220	233	deliver drugs	T074	C0085104
27913319	246	263	anticancer agents	T109,T121	C0003392
27913319	265	273	compared	T052	C1707455
27913319	277	290	administering	T061	C1533734
27913319	300	305	drugs	T121	C0013227
27913319	331	340	framework	T078	C0178566
27913319	358	364	levels	T080	C0441889
27913319	368	376	kinetics	T039	C0031327
27913319	391	406	particokinetics	T070	C0022702
27913319	407	422	associated with	T080	C0332281
27913319	423	433	deposition	T169	C0333562
27913319	437	449	nanocarriers	T073	C1450053
27913319	455	462	tissues	T024	C0040300
27913319	463	478	associated with	T080	C0332281
27913319	479	490	drug effect	T169	C0728866
27913319	495	503	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27913319	511	520	residence	T082	C0237096
27913319	534	541	tissues	T024	C0040300
27913319	547	558	elimination	T040	C0683141
27913319	566	578	nanocarriers	T073	C1450053
27913319	588	592	body	T016	C0242821
27913319	608	623	release pattern	T033	C0231360
27913319	635	644	free drug	T081	C0678752
27913319	654	666	nanocarriers	T073	C1450053
27913319	681	697	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
27913319	701	710	free drug	T081	C0678752
27913319	729	739	deposition	T169	C0333562
27913319	744	765	elimination processes	T040	C0683141
27913319	773	779	target	T169	C1521840
27913319	784	792	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27913319	793	803	associated	T080	C0439849
27913319	804	811	tissues	T024	C0040300
27913319	817	837	total body clearance	T034	C0087101
27913319	862	882	drug targeting index	T081	C1637833
27913319	884	887	DTI	T081	C1637833
27913319	901	911	quantitate	T081	C0392762
27913319	927	938	nanocarrier	T073	C1450053
27913319	945	958	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
27913319	978	985	effects	T080	C1280500
27913319	1002	1012	deposition	T169	C0333562
27913319	1016	1029	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
27913319	1035	1041	target	T169	C1521840
27913319	1042	1049	tissues	T024	C0040300
27913319	1076	1083	tissues	T024	C0040300
27913319	1084	1099	associated with	T080	C0332281
27913319	1100	1113	drug toxicity	T037	C0013221
27913319	1115	1123	compared	T052	C1707455
27913319	1127	1131	drug	T121	C0013227
27913319	1140	1152	administered	T061	C1533734
27913319	1179	1186	methods	T170	C0025663
27913319	1203	1214	calculating	T052	C1441506
27913319	1215	1218	DTI	T081	C1637833
27913319	1236	1250	particokinetic	T070	C0022702
27913319	1252	1267	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27913319	1273	1290	drug release rate	T081	C1521828
27913319	1372	1378	result	T169	C1274040
27913319	1448	1458	developing	T091	C0872152
27913319	1473	1484	nanocarrier	T073	C1450053
27913319	1485	1497	formulations	T077	C1705957
27913319	1510	1521	populations	T098	C1257890
27913319	1529	1540	individuals	T098	C0237401

27913358|t|Conformational sampling of a biomolecular rugged energy landscape
27913358|a|The protein structure refinement using conformational sampling is important in hitherto protein studies. In this paper we examined the protein structure refinement by means of potential energy minimization using immune computing as a method of sampling conformations. The method was tested on the x-ray structure and 30 decoys of the mutant of [Leu]Enkephalin, a paradigmatic example of the biomolecular multiple-minima problem. In order to score the refined conformations, we used a standard potential energy function with the OPLSAA force field. The effectiveness of the search was assessed using a variety of methods. The robustness of sampling was checked by the energy yield function which measures quantitatively the number of the peptide decoys residing in an energetic funnel. Furthermore, the potential energy -dependent Pareto fronts were calculated to elucidate dissimilarities between peptide conformations and the native state as observed by x-ray crystallography. Our results showed that the probed potential energy landscape of [Leu]Enkephalin is self-similar on different metric scales and that the local potential energy minima of the peptide decoys are metastable, thus they can be refined to conformations whose potential energy is decreased by approximately -250 kJ/mol.
27913358	0	23	Conformational sampling	T078	C0870078
27913358	29	55	biomolecular rugged energy	T081	C1442080
27913358	56	65	landscape	T082	C0870781
27913358	70	87	protein structure	T116	C1510464
27913358	88	98	refinement	T080	C0205556
27913358	105	128	conformational sampling	T078	C0870078
27913358	154	161	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27913358	154	169	protein studies	T062	C0242481
27913358	188	196	examined	T033	C0332128
27913358	201	218	protein structure	T116	C1510464
27913358	219	229	refinement	T080	C0205556
27913358	242	258	potential energy	T070	C0678538
27913358	259	271	minimization	T080	C0205556
27913358	278	294	immune computing	T170	C0009627
27913358	300	306	method	T170	C0025663
27913358	310	318	sampling	T078	C0870078
27913358	319	332	conformations	T082	C1518960
27913358	338	344	method	T170	C0025663
27913358	363	378	x-ray structure	T082	C0678594
27913358	386	392	decoys	T116	C0030956
27913358	400	406	mutant	T049	C0596988
27913358	410	425	[Leu]Enkephalin	T116,T123	C4285073
27913358	429	449	paradigmatic example	T077	C1707959
27913358	457	493	biomolecular multiple-minima problem	T033	C0243095
27913358	525	538	conformations	T082	C1518960
27913358	550	558	standard	T170	C0038137
27913358	559	575	potential energy	T070	C0678538
27913358	576	584	function	T169	C0542341
27913358	594	612	OPLSAA force field	T170	C0282574
27913358	650	658	assessed	T052	C1516048
27913358	678	685	methods	T170	C0025663
27913358	705	713	sampling	T078	C0870078
27913358	718	725	checked	T052	C1283174
27913358	733	754	energy yield function	T080	C0205556
27913358	761	769	measures	T081	C0079809
27913358	770	784	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
27913358	803	817	peptide decoys	T116	C0030956
27913358	833	849	energetic funnel	T082	C1254362
27913358	868	884	potential energy	T070	C0678538
27913358	868	909	potential energy -dependent Pareto fronts	T033	C0243095
27913358	963	984	peptide conformations	T082	C1518960
27913358	993	1005	native state	T082	C1254362
27913358	1021	1042	x-ray crystallography	T059	C0206755
27913358	1079	1095	potential energy	T070	C0678538
27913358	1096	1105	landscape	T082	C0870781
27913358	1109	1124	[Leu]Enkephalin	T116,T123	C4285073
27913358	1154	1167	metric scales	T081	C0025867
27913358	1181	1210	local potential energy minima	T080	C0205556
27913358	1218	1232	peptide decoys	T116	C0030956
27913358	1237	1247	metastable	T080	C0205556
27913358	1277	1290	conformations	T082	C1518960
27913358	1297	1313	potential energy	T070	C0678538
27913358	1317	1326	decreased	T081	C0205216
27913358	1330	1343	approximately	T080	C0332232

27913563|t|'You can't be a person and a docto r': the work-life balance of doctors in training -a qualitative study
27913563|a|Investigate the work-life balance of doctors in training in the UK from the perspectives of trainers and trainees. Qualitative semistructured focus groups and interviews with trainees and trainers. Postgraduate medical training in London, Yorkshire and Humber, Kent, Surrey and Sussex, and Wales during the junior doctor contract dispute at the end of 2015. Part of a larger General Medical Council study about the fairness of postgraduate medical training. 96 trainees and 41 trainers. Trainees comprised UK graduates and International Medical Graduates, across all stages of training in 6 specialties (General Practice, Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Psychiatry, Radiology, Surgery) and Foundation. Postgraduate training was characterised by work-life imbalance. Long hours at work were typically supplemented with revision and completion of the e-portfolio. Trainees regularly moved workplaces which could disrupt their personal lives and sometimes led to separation from friends and family. This made it challenging to cope with personal pressures, the stresses of which could then impinge on learning and training, while also leaving trainees with a lack of social support outside work to buffer against the considerable stresses of training. Low morale and harm to well-being resulted in some trainees feeling dehumanised. Work-life imbalance was particularly severe for those with children and especially women who faced a lack of less-than - full-time positions and discriminatory attitudes. Female trainees frequently talked about having to choose a specialty they felt was more conducive to a work-life balance such as General Practice. The proposed junior doctor contract was felt to exacerbate existing problems. A lack of work-life balance in postgraduate medical training negatively impacted on trainees ' learning and well-being. Women with children were particularly affected, suggesting this group would benefit the greatest from changes to improve the work-life balance of trainees.
27913563	16	22	person	T098	C0027361
27913563	29	34	docto	T097	C0031831
27913563	43	60	work-life balance	T056	C4277700
27913563	64	71	doctors	T097	C0031831
27913563	75	83	training	T065	C0220931
27913563	87	104	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
27913563	105	116	Investigate	T169	C1292732
27913563	121	138	work-life balance	T056	C4277700
27913563	142	149	doctors	T097	C0031831
27913563	153	161	training	T065	C0220931
27913563	169	171	UK	T083	C0041700
27913563	197	205	trainers	T073	C0453962
27913563	220	231	Qualitative	T080	C0205556
27913563	264	274	interviews	T052	C0021822
27913563	293	301	trainers	T073	C0453962
27913563	303	332	Postgraduate medical training	T065	C0871106
27913563	336	342	London	T083	C0023973
27913563	344	353	Yorkshire	T083	C0017446
27913563	358	364	Humber	T083	C0017446
27913563	366	370	Kent	T083	C0454861
27913563	372	378	Surrey	T083	C0454877
27913563	383	389	Sussex	T083	C0017446
27913563	395	400	Wales	T083	C0043015
27913563	412	425	junior doctor	T097	C0031831
27913563	426	434	contract	T170	C0332522
27913563	435	442	dispute	T054	C0680226
27913563	480	503	General Medical Council	T092	C0029246
27913563	504	509	study	T062	C2603343
27913563	532	561	postgraduate medical training	T065	C0871106
27913563	582	590	trainers	T073	C0453962
27913563	611	613	UK	T083	C0041700
27913563	614	623	graduates	T098	C0588053
27913563	628	659	International Medical Graduates	T097	C0016553
27913563	682	690	training	T065	C0220931
27913563	696	707	specialties	T091	C0037778
27913563	709	725	General Practice	T091	C0086343
27913563	727	735	Medicine	T091	C0025118
27913563	737	763	Obstetrics and Gynaecology	T091	C1274104
27913563	765	775	Psychiatry	T091	C0033873
27913563	777	786	Radiology	T091	C0034599
27913563	788	795	Surgery	T091	C0038894
27913563	801	811	Foundation	T092	C0016617
27913563	813	834	Postgraduate training	T065	C0871106
27913563	856	875	work-life imbalance	T056	C4277572
27913563	877	881	Long	T080	C0205166
27913563	882	887	hours	T079	C0439227
27913563	891	895	work	T057	C0043227
27913563	929	937	revision	T079	C0439617
27913563	942	952	completion	T080	C1554962
27913563	960	971	e-portfolio	T080	C0205556
27913563	998	1008	workplaces	T082	C0162579
27913563	1021	1028	disrupt	T080	C0332454
27913563	1035	1049	personal lives	UnknownType	C0682273
27913563	1071	1081	separation	T068	C0599245
27913563	1087	1094	friends	T098	C0079382
27913563	1099	1105	family	T099	C0015576
27913563	1135	1139	cope	T055	C0009967
27913563	1169	1177	stresses	T048	C0038443
27913563	1209	1217	learning	T041	C0023185
27913563	1222	1230	training	T065	C0220931
27913563	1243	1250	leaving	T052	C1706081
27913563	1267	1271	lack	T080	C0332268
27913563	1275	1289	social support	T054	C0037438
27913563	1338	1346	stresses	T048	C0038443
27913563	1350	1358	training	T065	C0220931
27913563	1360	1363	Low	T080	C0205251
27913563	1364	1370	morale	T033	C0438698
27913563	1375	1379	harm	T033	C0438698
27913563	1383	1393	well-being	T033	C1821407
27913563	1420	1427	feeling	T041	C1527305
27913563	1428	1439	dehumanised	T054	C1135946
27913563	1441	1460	Work-life imbalance	T056	C4277572
27913563	1478	1484	severe	T080	C0205082
27913563	1500	1508	children	T100	C0008059
27913563	1524	1529	women	T098	C0043210
27913563	1542	1546	lack	T080	C0332268
27913563	1550	1559	less-than	T081	C0439092
27913563	1562	1581	full-time positions	T056	C2584323
27913563	1586	1600	discriminatory	T041	C0012632
27913563	1601	1610	attitudes	T041	C0004271
27913563	1612	1618	Female	T032	C0086287
27913563	1639	1645	talked	T056	C0234856
27913563	1662	1668	choose	T052	C1707391
27913563	1671	1680	specialty	T091	C0037778
27913563	1715	1732	work-life balance	T056	C4277700
27913563	1741	1757	General Practice	T091	C0086343
27913563	1772	1785	junior doctor	T097	C0031831
27913563	1786	1794	contract	T170	C0332522
27913563	1807	1817	exacerbate	T033	C0436331
27913563	1818	1826	existing	T080	C0205556
27913563	1827	1835	problems	T033	C0033213
27913563	1839	1843	lack	T080	C0332268
27913563	1847	1864	work-life balance	T056	C4277700
27913563	1868	1897	postgraduate medical training	T065	C0871106
27913563	1898	1908	negatively	T080	C3853545
27913563	1909	1917	impacted	T169	C0333125
27913563	1932	1940	learning	T041	C0023185
27913563	1945	1955	well-being	T033	C1821407
27913563	1957	1962	Women	T098	C0043210
27913563	1968	1976	children	T100	C0008059
27913563	1995	2003	affected	T169	C0392760
27913563	2021	2026	group	T078	C0441833
27913563	2033	2040	benefit	T081	C0814225
27913563	2045	2053	greatest	T081	C0205393
27913563	2059	2066	changes	T169	C0392747
27913563	2070	2077	improve	T033	C0184511
27913563	2082	2099	work-life balance	T056	C4277700

27913601|t|Calorespirometry reveals that goldfish prioritize aerobic metabolism over metabolic rate depression in all but near - anoxic environments
27913601|a|Metabolic rate depression (MRD) has long been proposed as the key metabolic strategy of hypoxic survival, but surprisingly, the effects of changes in hypoxic O2 tensions (PwO2) on MRD are largely unexplored. We simultaneously measured the O2 consumption rate (ṀO2) and metabolic heat of goldfish using calorespirometry to test the hypothesis that MRD is employed at hypoxic PwO2 values and initiated just below Pcrit, the PwO2 below which ṀO2 is forced to progressively decline as the fish oxyconforms to decreasing PwO2 Specifically, we used closed-chamber and flow-through calorespirometry together with terminal sampling experiments to examine the effects of PwO2 and time on ṀO2, metabolic heat and anaerobic metabolism (lactate and ethanol production). The closed-chamber and flow-through experiments yielded slightly different results. Under closed-chamber conditions with a continually decreasing PwO2, goldfish showed a Pcrit of 3.0±0.3 kPa and metabolic heat production was only depressed at PwO2 between 0 and 0.67 kPa. Under flow-through conditions with PwO2 held at a variety of oxygen tensions for 1 and 4 h, goldfish also initiated MRD between 0 and 0.67 kPa but maintained ṀO2 to 0.67 kPa, indicating that Pcrit is at or below this PwO2 Anaerobic metabolism was strongly activated at PwO2 ≤1.3 kPa, but only used within the first hour at 1.3 and 0.67 kPa, as anaerobic end-products did not accumulate between 1 and 4 h exposure. Taken together, it appears that goldfish reserve MRD for near - anoxia, supporting routine metabolic rate at sub-PcritPwO2 values with the help of anaerobic glycolysis in the closed-chamber experiments, and aerobically after an initial (<1 h) activation of anaerobic metabolism in the flow-through experiments, even at 0.67 kPa PwO2.
27913601	0	16	Calorespirometry	T073	C3273359
27913601	17	24	reveals	T080	C0443289
27913601	30	38	goldfish	T013	C0018038
27913601	50	68	aerobic metabolism	T043	C0282636
27913601	74	99	metabolic rate depression	T033	C1389275
27913601	111	115	near	T080	C1706276
27913601	118	137	anoxic environments	T082	C0014406
27913601	138	163	Metabolic rate depression	T033	C1389275
27913601	165	168	MRD	T033	C1389275
27913601	184	192	proposed	T080	C1553874
27913601	204	222	metabolic strategy	T040	C0025519
27913601	226	233	hypoxic	T046	C0242184
27913601	234	242	survival	T169	C0220921
27913601	266	273	effects	T080	C1280500
27913601	277	284	changes	T169	C0392747
27913601	288	307	hypoxic O2 tensions	T081	C0392762
27913601	309	313	PwO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	318	321	MRD	T033	C1389275
27913601	349	363	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
27913601	364	372	measured	T080	C0444706
27913601	377	396	O2 consumption rate	T081	C0392762
27913601	398	401	ṀO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	407	421	metabolic heat	T038	C3714634
27913601	425	433	goldfish	T013	C0018038
27913601	440	456	calorespirometry	T073	C3273359
27913601	460	464	test	T169	C0039593
27913601	469	479	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27913601	485	488	MRD	T033	C1389275
27913601	492	500	employed	T169	C0457083
27913601	504	511	hypoxic	T046	C0242184
27913601	512	523	PwO2 values	T081	C0392762
27913601	528	537	initiated	T169	C1704686
27913601	549	554	Pcrit	T081	C0392762
27913601	560	564	PwO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	577	580	ṀO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	584	590	forced	T169	C0443221
27913601	594	607	progressively	T169	C0205329
27913601	608	615	decline	T080	C1511741
27913601	623	627	fish	T013	C0016163
27913601	623	639	fish oxyconforms	T038	C3714634
27913601	643	653	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27913601	654	658	PwO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	676	680	used	T169	C1524063
27913601	681	695	closed-chamber	T073	C3273359
27913601	700	729	flow-through calorespirometry	T073	C3273359
27913601	753	773	sampling experiments	T062	C0681814
27913601	789	799	effects of	T080	C1704420
27913601	800	804	PwO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	809	813	time	T079	C0040223
27913601	817	820	ṀO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	822	836	metabolic heat	T038	C3714634
27913601	841	861	anaerobic metabolism	T040	C4279968
27913601	863	870	lactate	T044	C1157710
27913601	875	893	ethanol production	T040	C0678710
27913601	900	914	closed-chamber	T062	C0681814
27913601	919	943	flow-through experiments	T062	C0681814
27913601	952	960	slightly	T080	C0750482
27913601	961	970	different	T080	C1705242
27913601	971	978	results	T169	C1274040
27913601	986	1011	closed-chamber conditions	T080	C0348080
27913601	1031	1041	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27913601	1042	1046	PwO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	1048	1056	goldfish	T013	C0018038
27913601	1066	1071	Pcrit	T081	C0392762
27913601	1091	1116	metabolic heat production	T038	C3714634
27913601	1126	1135	depressed	T080	C0392756
27913601	1139	1143	PwO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	1174	1197	flow-through conditions	T080	C0348080
27913601	1203	1207	PwO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	1229	1244	oxygen tensions	T081	C0392762
27913601	1260	1268	goldfish	T013	C0018038
27913601	1274	1283	initiated	T169	C1704686
27913601	1284	1287	MRD	T033	C1389275
27913601	1315	1325	maintained	T169	C1314677
27913601	1326	1329	ṀO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	1343	1353	indicating	T033	C1444656
27913601	1359	1364	Pcrit	T081	C0392762
27913601	1385	1389	PwO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	1390	1410	Anaerobic metabolism	T040	C4279968
27913601	1424	1433	activated	T169	C1515877
27913601	1437	1441	PwO2	T081	C0392762
27913601	1461	1465	used	T169	C1524063
27913601	1466	1472	within	T082	C0332285
27913601	1477	1487	first hour	T079	C0439227
27913601	1512	1521	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
27913601	1522	1534	end-products	T071	C1514468
27913601	1572	1580	exposure	T080	C0332157
27913601	1601	1608	appears	T080	C0700364
27913601	1614	1622	goldfish	T013	C0018038
27913601	1631	1634	MRD	T033	C1389275
27913601	1639	1643	near	T080	C1706276
27913601	1646	1652	anoxia	T046	C0003130
27913601	1665	1672	routine	T080	C0205547
27913601	1673	1687	metabolic rate	T039	C0870882
27913601	1691	1711	sub-PcritPwO2 values	T081	C0392762
27913601	1729	1749	anaerobic glycolysis	T044	C0017952
27913601	1757	1783	closed-chamber experiments	T062	C0681814
27913601	1789	1800	aerobically	T080	C1510824
27913601	1810	1817	initial	T079	C0205265
27913601	1825	1835	activation	T169	C1515877
27913601	1839	1859	anaerobic metabolism	T040	C4279968
27913601	1867	1891	flow-through experiments	T062	C0681814
27913601	1910	1914	PwO2	T081	C0392762

27913973|t|Emergence of new virulent rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus strains in Saudi Arabia
27913973|a|Rabbit hemorrhagic disease is an acute fatal highly contagious viral infectious disease that causes high losses among rabbitries. The disease was first reported in China in 1984 and later on in Saudi Arabia in 1996. The aim of this study was to investigate the emergence and pathogenicity of new rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) strains in Saudi Arabia. The pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculation in susceptible rabbits. Three RHDV strains were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers targeting VP60 capsid protein gene in infected rabbitries during 2012 and 2013. These strains clustered into two genetically distinct genogroups related to year of isolation (G2 and G3). All new Saudi Arabia viruses clustered with the European strains, while the old strains clustered with strains from China and America. Based on amino acids and nucleotide sequences, the Saudi Arabia strains (RHD/1/SA/2012, RHD/2/SA/2012, and RHD/3/SA /2013) had high identity with Mexico89, Ca11-ITA, and 00-13,FRA virus; on the other hand, there was a relatively high identity with Bahrain strain. The evolutionary relationship of Saudi RHDVs strains revealed significant nucleotides and amino acid substitutions in hypervariable region E, suggesting the emergence of new RHDVs circulating in Saudi Arabia rabbitries. These antigenic changes represented by the antigenic index might be a potential cause of vaccination failure and raises the need to review the vaccination strategies against RHD.
27913973	0	9	Emergence	T046	C2745965
27913973	13	16	new	T080	C0205314
27913973	17	25	virulent	T080	C1520022
27913973	26	66	rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus strains	T005	C0162332
27913973	70	82	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
27913973	83	109	Rabbit hemorrhagic disease	T047	C0019087
27913973	116	121	acute	T079	C0205178
27913973	122	127	fatal	T080	C1302234
27913973	128	134	highly	T080	C0205250
27913973	135	170	contagious viral infectious disease	T047	C0042769
27913973	176	182	causes	T169	C0015127
27913973	183	187	high	T080	C0205250
27913973	188	194	losses	T081	C1517945
27913973	201	211	rabbitries	T082	C0557759
27913973	217	224	disease	T047	C0012634
27913973	235	243	reported	T058	C0700287
27913973	247	252	China	T083	C0008115
27913973	265	270	later	T079	C0205087
27913973	277	289	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
27913973	315	320	study	T062	C2603343
27913973	328	339	investigate	T169	C1292732
27913973	344	353	emergence	T046	C2745965
27913973	358	371	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
27913973	375	378	new	T080	C0205314
27913973	379	426	rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) strains	T005	C0162332
27913973	430	442	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
27913973	448	461	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
27913973	466	478	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
27913973	479	490	inoculation	T061	C2987620
27913973	494	505	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27913973	506	513	rabbits	T015	C3887509
27913973	521	533	RHDV strains	T005	C0162332
27913973	539	547	detected	T033	C0442726
27913973	551	598	reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0599161
27913973	600	606	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
27913973	614	621	primers	T114	C0206415
27913973	622	631	targeting	T169	C1521840
27913973	632	656	VP60 capsid protein gene	T116	C0216099
27913973	660	668	infected	T033	C0439663
27913973	669	679	rabbitries	T082	C0557759
27913973	708	715	strains	T001	C1518614
27913973	716	725	clustered	T081	C1704332
27913973	735	746	genetically	T169	C0314603
27913973	747	755	distinct	T080	C1705242
27913973	756	766	genogroups	T032	C3661526
27913973	767	774	related	T080	C0439849
27913973	778	782	year	T079	C0439234
27913973	786	795	isolation	T169	C0205409
27913973	797	799	G2	T032	C3661526
27913973	804	806	G3	T032	C3661526
27913973	813	816	new	T080	C0205314
27913973	817	829	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
27913973	830	837	viruses	T005	C0162332
27913973	838	847	clustered	T081	C1704332
27913973	857	873	European strains	T005	C0162332
27913973	885	888	old	T079	C0580836
27913973	889	896	strains	T005	C0162332
27913973	897	906	clustered	T081	C1704332
27913973	912	919	strains	T005	C0162332
27913973	925	930	China	T083	C0008115
27913973	935	942	America	T083	C0002454
27913973	944	949	Based	T169	C1527178
27913973	953	964	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27913973	969	989	nucleotide sequences	T086	C0004793
27913973	995	1007	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
27913973	1008	1015	strains	T005	C0162332
27913973	1017	1030	RHD/1/SA/2012	T005	C0162332
27913973	1032	1045	RHD/2/SA/2012	T005	C0162332
27913973	1051	1065	RHD/3/SA /2013	T005	C0162332
27913973	1071	1075	high	T080	C0205250
27913973	1076	1084	identity	T078	C0017390
27913973	1090	1098	Mexico89	T005	C0162332
27913973	1100	1108	Ca11-ITA	T005	C0162332
27913973	1114	1129	00-13,FRA virus	T005	C0162332
27913973	1173	1177	high	T080	C0205250
27913973	1178	1186	identity	T078	C0017390
27913973	1192	1206	Bahrain strain	T005	C0162332
27913973	1212	1224	evolutionary	T080	C0458003
27913973	1225	1237	relationship	T080	C0439849
27913973	1241	1246	Saudi	T083	C0036243
27913973	1247	1260	RHDVs strains	T005	C0162332
27913973	1261	1269	revealed	T080	C0443289
27913973	1270	1281	significant	T078	C0750502
27913973	1282	1293	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
27913973	1298	1322	amino acid substitutions	T045	C0525038
27913973	1326	1348	hypervariable region E	T087	C1514562
27913973	1350	1360	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27913973	1365	1374	emergence	T046	C2745965
27913973	1378	1381	new	T080	C0205314
27913973	1382	1387	RHDVs	T005	C0162332
27913973	1403	1415	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
27913973	1416	1426	rabbitries	T082	C0557759
27913973	1434	1451	antigenic changes	T044	C0003319
27913973	1471	1486	antigenic index	T170	C0918012
27913973	1498	1507	potential	T080	C3245505
27913973	1508	1513	cause	T169	C0015127
27913973	1517	1536	vaccination failure	T037	C0521819
27913973	1552	1556	need	T080	C0027552
27913973	1560	1566	review	T169	C0699752
27913973	1571	1582	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27913973	1583	1593	strategies	T041	C0679199
27913973	1594	1601	against	T080	C0521124
27913973	1602	1605	RHD	T047	C0019087

27914462|t|Recombinant MHC Tetramers for Isolation of Virus - Specific CD8(+) Cells from Healthy Donors: Potential Approach for Cell Therapy of Posttransplant Cytomegalovirus Infection
27914462|a|Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation have a high risk of cytomegalovirus reactivation, which in the absence of T-cell immunity can result in the development of an acute inflammatory reaction and damage of internal organs. Transfusion of the virus-specific donor T-lymphocytes represents an alternative to a highly toxic and often ineffective antiviral therapy. Potentially promising cell therapy approach comprises transfusion of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, specific to the viral antigens, immediately after their isolation from the donor's blood circulation without any in vitro expansion. Specific T-cells could be separated from potentially alloreactive lymphocytes using recombinant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) multimers, carrying synthetic viral peptides. Rapid transfusion of virus - specific T-cells to patients has several crucial advantages in comparison with methods based on the in vitro expansion of the cells. About 30% of hematopoietic stem cell donors and 46% of transplant recipients at the National Research Center for Hematology were carriers of the HLA-A*02 allele. Moreover, 94% of Russian donors have an immune response against the cytomegalovirus (CMV). Using recombinant HLA-A*02 multimers carrying an immunodominant cytomegalovirus peptide (NLV), we have shown that the majority of healthy donors have pronounced T-cell immunity against this antigen, whereas shortly after the transplantation the patients do not have specific T-lymphocytes. The donor cells have the immune phenotype of memory cells and can be activated and proliferate after stimulation with the specific antigen. Donor lymphocytes can be substantially enriched to significant purity by magnetic separation with recombinant MHC multimers and are not activated upon cocultivation with the antigen -presenting cells from HLA - incompatible donors without addition of the specific antigen. This study demonstrated that strong immune response to CMV of healthy donors and prevalence of HLA-A*02 allele in the Russian population make it possible to isolate a significant number of virus-specific cells using HLA-A*02-NLV multimers. After the transfusion, these cells should protect patients from CMV without development of allogeneic immune response.
27914462	0	11	Recombinant	T001	C1514798
27914462	12	25	MHC Tetramers	T028	C0024518
27914462	30	39	Isolation	T061	C0204727
27914462	43	48	Virus	T005	C0042776
27914462	51	59	Specific	T080	C0205369
27914462	60	72	CD8(+) Cells	T025	C0242629
27914462	78	92	Healthy Donors	T080	C3898902
27914462	94	103	Potential	T080	C3245505
27914462	117	129	Cell Therapy	T061	C0302189
27914462	133	173	Posttransplant Cytomegalovirus Infection	T047	C0010823
27914462	174	182	Patients	T101	C0030705
27914462	194	204	allogeneic	T080	C1515895
27914462	205	244	hematopoietic stem cell transplantation	T061	C0472699
27914462	265	293	cytomegalovirus reactivation	T047	C1142560
27914462	319	334	T-cell immunity	T040	C1817907
27914462	371	398	acute inflammatory reaction	T033	C0333361
27914462	403	428	damage of internal organs	T037	C0332675
27914462	430	441	Transfusion	T061	C0086573
27914462	449	463	virus-specific	T080	C0205369
27914462	464	483	donor T-lymphocytes	T025	C0039194
27914462	515	527	highly toxic	T080	C1407029
27914462	538	549	ineffective	T078	C3242229
27914462	550	567	antiviral therapy	T061	C0280274
27914462	569	580	Potentially	T080	C3245505
27914462	591	603	cell therapy	T061	C0302189
27914462	623	634	transfusion	T061	C0086573
27914462	638	661	cytotoxic T-lymphocytes	T025	C0039195
27914462	663	671	specific	T080	C0205369
27914462	679	693	viral antigens	T129	C0003342
27914462	719	728	isolation	T061	C0204727
27914462	738	763	donor's blood circulation	T039	C0005775
27914462	776	794	in vitro expansion	T080	C1533691
27914462	796	804	Specific	T080	C0205369
27914462	805	812	T-cells	T025	C0039194
27914462	837	848	potentially	T080	C3245505
27914462	849	873	alloreactive lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
27914462	880	891	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27914462	892	924	major histocompatibility complex	T028	C0024518
27914462	926	929	MHC	T028	C0024518
27914462	931	940	multimers	T104	C1979934
27914462	951	975	synthetic viral peptides	T116	C0597551
27914462	983	994	transfusion	T061	C0086573
27914462	998	1003	virus	T005	C0042776
27914462	1006	1014	specific	T080	C0205369
27914462	1015	1022	T-cells	T025	C0039194
27914462	1026	1034	patients	T101	C0030705
27914462	1106	1124	in vitro expansion	T080	C1533691
27914462	1132	1137	cells	T025	C0007634
27914462	1152	1165	hematopoietic	T169	C0229601
27914462	1166	1182	stem cell donors	T080	C3898902
27914462	1194	1215	transplant recipients	T101	C0376387
27914462	1223	1262	National Research Center for Hematology	T093	C1708333
27914462	1284	1299	HLA-A*02 allele	T028	C0555908
27914462	1318	1325	Russian	T098	C0337816
27914462	1326	1332	donors	T080	C3898902
27914462	1341	1356	immune response	T042	C0301872
27914462	1369	1384	cytomegalovirus	T005	C0010825
27914462	1386	1389	CMV	T005	C0010825
27914462	1398	1409	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27914462	1410	1418	HLA-A*02	T028	C0555908
27914462	1419	1428	multimers	T104	C1979934
27914462	1441	1455	immunodominant	T080	C0205556
27914462	1456	1479	cytomegalovirus peptide	T116	C0030956
27914462	1481	1484	NLV	T116	C0030956
27914462	1522	1536	healthy donors	T080	C3898902
27914462	1553	1568	T-cell immunity	T040	C1817907
27914462	1582	1589	antigen	T129	C0003320
27914462	1617	1632	transplantation	T061	C0040732
27914462	1637	1645	patients	T101	C0030705
27914462	1658	1666	specific	T080	C0205369
27914462	1667	1680	T-lymphocytes	T025	C0039194
27914462	1686	1697	donor cells	T025	C0007634
27914462	1707	1723	immune phenotype	T032	C0031437
27914462	1727	1739	memory cells	T025	C0682639
27914462	1751	1760	activated	T043	C2259058
27914462	1765	1776	proliferate	T043	C0596290
27914462	1804	1812	specific	T080	C0205369
27914462	1813	1820	antigen	T129	C0003320
27914462	1822	1839	Donor lymphocytes	T033	C1395724
27914462	1861	1869	enriched	UnknownType	C0681540
27914462	1885	1891	purity	T081	C1882508
27914462	1895	1914	magnetic separation	T059	C0599662
27914462	1920	1931	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27914462	1932	1935	MHC	T028	C0024518
27914462	1936	1945	multimers	T104	C1979934
27914462	1958	1967	activated	UnknownType	C0678666
27914462	1973	1986	cocultivation	T059	C0282547
27914462	1996	2003	antigen	T129	C0003320
27914462	2016	2021	cells	T025	C0007634
27914462	2027	2030	HLA	T116,T129	C0019721
27914462	2033	2052	incompatible donors	T098	C0013018
27914462	2077	2085	specific	T080	C0205369
27914462	2086	2093	antigen	T129	C0003320
27914462	2100	2105	study	T062	C2603343
27914462	2131	2146	immune response	T042	C0301872
27914462	2150	2153	CMV	T005	C0010825
27914462	2157	2171	healthy donors	T080	C3898902
27914462	2190	2205	HLA-A*02 allele	T028	C0555908
27914462	2213	2231	Russian population	T098	C1257890
27914462	2284	2298	virus-specific	T080	C0205369
27914462	2299	2304	cells	T025	C0007634
27914462	2311	2323	HLA-A*02-NLV	T028	C0555908
27914462	2324	2333	multimers	T104	C1979934
27914462	2345	2356	transfusion	T061	C1879316
27914462	2364	2369	cells	T025	C0007634
27914462	2385	2393	patients	T101	C0030705
27914462	2399	2402	CMV	T005	C0010825
27914462	2426	2436	allogeneic	T080	C1515895
27914462	2437	2452	immune response	T042	C0301872

27914587|t|Outcomes of chest wall resections in pediatric sarcoma patients
27914587|a|Chest wall tumors in pediatric patients are rare. This study evaluates outcomes in pediatric patients who have undergone chest wall resections secondary to sarcomas. A retrospective review was performed for patients <19years old who underwent chest wall resections for sarcoma 1999-2014 at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Of 44 patients, Ewing's sarcoma (n=18) and osteosarcoma (n=16) were most common. Other sarcomas included synovial sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Gore-Tex ® or a Marlex™ mesh and methyl methacrylate sandwich was used in 22 patients, and 9 children did not require reconstruction. Twenty-four (54.5%) patients had normal activity, 3 (6.8%) had occasional discomfort, 2 (4.5%) had pain impairing function, 7 (15.9%) required medication or physical therapy for impairment, and 8 (18.2%) needed additional surgery. Five children (11.4%) developed scoliosis, and all of these patients had posterior rib tumors. Median overall survival for the entire cohort was 41.9±11.82 months. Histology (p=0.003), location of tumor on the ribs (p=0.007), and surgical margins (p=0.011) were significantly associated with overall survival. Tumors on the middle and posterior (p=0.003) portions of the ribs had a lower chance of death. Scoliosis is more common in posterior rib resections. Histology, location of the tumor, and surgical margins impact survival, but, type of reconstruction does not. III. Treatment Study.
27914587	0	8	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
27914587	12	33	chest wall resections	T061	C0087111
27914587	37	46	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27914587	47	54	sarcoma	T191	C1261473
27914587	55	63	patients	T101	C0030705
27914587	64	81	Chest wall tumors	T191	C1290309
27914587	85	94	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27914587	95	103	patients	T101	C0030705
27914587	119	124	study	T062	C2603343
27914587	135	143	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27914587	147	156	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27914587	157	165	patients	T101	C0030705
27914587	185	206	chest wall resections	T061	C0087111
27914587	220	228	sarcomas	T191	C1261473
27914587	232	252	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
27914587	271	279	patients	T101	C0030705
27914587	307	328	chest wall resections	T061	C0087111
27914587	333	340	sarcoma	T191	C1261473
27914587	358	403	University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center	T093	C1519805
27914587	411	419	patients	T101	C0030705
27914587	421	436	Ewing's sarcoma	T191	C0553580
27914587	448	460	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
27914587	492	500	sarcomas	T191	C1261473
27914587	510	526	synovial sarcoma	T191	C0039101
27914587	528	542	chondrosarcoma	T191	C0008479
27914587	548	564	rhabdomyosarcoma	T191	C0035412
27914587	566	574	Gore-Tex	T109,T122	C0018088
27914587	582	594	Marlex™ mesh	T122	C0005479
27914587	599	627	methyl methacrylate sandwich	T122	C0005479
27914587	643	651	patients	T101	C0030705
27914587	659	667	children	T100	C0008059
27914587	672	698	not require reconstruction	T033	C3840851
27914587	720	728	patients	T101	C0030705
27914587	733	739	normal	T080	C0205307
27914587	740	748	activity	T052	C0441655
27914587	763	784	occasional discomfort	T184	C0231218
27914587	799	822	pain impairing function	T046	C0684336
27914587	843	853	medication	T121	C0013227
27914587	857	873	physical therapy	T061	C0949766
27914587	878	888	impairment	T046	C0684336
27914587	922	929	surgery	T091	C0038894
27914587	936	944	children	T100	C0008059
27914587	963	972	scoliosis	T190	C0036439
27914587	991	999	patients	T101	C0030705
27914587	1004	1013	posterior	T082	C0205095
27914587	1014	1024	rib tumors	T191	C1290243
27914587	1026	1049	Median overall survival	T081	C4086681
27914587	1058	1071	entire cohort	T098	C0599755
27914587	1087	1093	months	T079	C0439231
27914587	1095	1104	Histology	T091	C0019638
27914587	1116	1124	location	T082	C0450429
27914587	1128	1133	tumor	T191	C0027651
27914587	1141	1145	ribs	T023	C0035561
27914587	1161	1177	surgical margins	T023	C0229985
27914587	1193	1222	significantly associated with	T080	C0332281
27914587	1223	1239	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27914587	1241	1247	Tumors	T191	C0027651
27914587	1266	1275	posterior	T082	C0205095
27914587	1302	1306	ribs	T023	C0035561
27914587	1329	1334	death	T040	C0011065
27914587	1336	1345	Scoliosis	T190	C0036439
27914587	1364	1373	posterior	T082	C0205095
27914587	1374	1388	rib resections	T061	C0185827
27914587	1390	1399	Histology	T091	C0019638
27914587	1401	1409	location	T082	C0450429
27914587	1417	1422	tumor	T191	C0027651
27914587	1428	1444	surgical margins	T023	C0229985
27914587	1452	1460	survival	T052	C0038952
27914587	1505	1520	Treatment Study	T062	C3161471

27914987|t|Tetrabromobisphenol A activates the hepatic interferon pathway in rats
27914987|a|Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) is a widely used flame retardant in printed circuit boards, paper, and textiles. In a two-year study, TBBPA showed evidence of uterine tumors in female Wistar-Han rats and liver and colon tumors in B6C3F1 mice. In order to gain further insight into early gene and pathway changes leading to cancer, we exposed female Wistar Han rats to TBBPA at 0, 25, 250, or 1000mg/kg (oral gavage in corn oil, 5×/ week) for 13 weeks. Because at the end of the TBBPA exposure period, there were no treatment-related effects on body weights, liver or uterus lesions, and liver and uterine organ weights were within 10% of controls, only the high dose animals were analyzed. Analysis of the hepatic and uterine transcriptomes showed TBBPA -induced changes primarily in the liver (1000mg/kg), with 159 transcripts corresponding to 132 genes differentially expressed compared to controls (FDR=0.05). Pathway analysis showed activation of interferon (IFN) and metabolic networks. TBBPA induced few molecular changes in the uterus. Activation of the interferon pathway in the liver occurred after 13-weeks of TBBPA exposure, and with longer term TBBPA exposure this may lead to immunomodulatory changes that contribute to carcinogenic processes.
27914987	0	21	Tetrabromobisphenol A	T109	C0076220
27914987	22	31	activates	T052	C1879547
27914987	36	43	hepatic	T023	C0023884
27914987	44	62	interferon pathway	T044	C1512834
27914987	66	70	rats	T015	C0034721
27914987	71	92	Tetrabromobisphenol A	T109	C0076220
27914987	94	99	TBBPA	T109	C0076220
27914987	118	133	flame retardant	T120	C0016198
27914987	137	159	printed circuit boards	T073	C1707396
27914987	161	166	paper	T073	C0030351
27914987	172	180	textiles	T073	C0039717
27914987	187	195	two-year	T079	C0439234
27914987	196	201	study	T062	C2603343
27914987	203	208	TBBPA	T109	C0076220
27914987	228	242	uterine tumors	T191	C0042138
27914987	246	252	female	T032	C0086287
27914987	253	268	Wistar-Han rats	T015	C2700261
27914987	273	278	liver	T191	C0023903
27914987	283	295	colon tumors	T191	C0009375
27914987	299	310	B6C3F1 mice	T015	C2698297
27914987	356	360	gene	T028	C0017337
27914987	365	372	pathway	T044	C1704259
27914987	392	398	cancer	T191	C0027651
27914987	411	417	female	T032	C0086287
27914987	418	433	Wistar Han rats	T015	C2700261
27914987	437	442	TBBPA	T109	C0076220
27914987	472	483	oral gavage	T169	C2698653
27914987	487	495	corn oil	T109,T168	C0010029
27914987	501	505	week	T079	C0439230
27914987	514	519	weeks	T079	C0439230
27914987	547	552	TBBPA	T109	C0076220
27914987	553	561	exposure	T080	C0332157
27914987	613	625	body weights	T032	C0005910
27914987	627	632	liver	T033	C0577053
27914987	636	650	uterus lesions	T033	C0567079
27914987	656	661	liver	T023	C0736253
27914987	666	679	uterine organ	T023	C0736936
27914987	680	687	weights	T081	C0043100
27914987	707	715	controls	T096	C0009932
27914987	731	735	dose	T081	C0178602
27914987	736	743	animals	T008	C0003062
27914987	749	757	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27914987	759	767	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27914987	775	782	hepatic	T023	C0023884
27914987	787	794	uterine	T023	C0042149
27914987	795	809	transcriptomes	T086	C3178810
27914987	817	822	TBBPA	T109	C0076220
27914987	857	862	liver	T023	C0023884
27914987	885	896	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27914987	918	923	genes	T028	C0017337
27914987	939	948	expressed	T045	C0017262
27914987	961	969	controls	T096	C0009932
27914987	982	998	Pathway analysis	T170	C0868995
27914987	1006	1016	activation	T052	C1879547
27914987	1020	1030	interferon	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
27914987	1032	1035	IFN	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
27914987	1041	1059	metabolic networks	T044	C1706062
27914987	1061	1066	TBBPA	T109	C0076220
27914987	1104	1110	uterus	T023	C0042149
27914987	1112	1122	Activation	T052	C1879547
27914987	1130	1148	interferon pathway	T044	C1512834
27914987	1156	1161	liver	T023	C0023884
27914987	1177	1185	13-weeks	T079	C0439230
27914987	1189	1194	TBBPA	T109	C0076220
27914987	1195	1203	exposure	T080	C0332157
27914987	1226	1231	TBBPA	T109	C0076220
27914987	1232	1240	exposure	T080	C0332157
27914987	1258	1274	immunomodulatory	T061	C1963758
27914987	1275	1282	changes	T169	C0392747
27914987	1302	1324	carcinogenic processes	T191	C0596263

27915270|t|Chemoprevention of spontaneous ovarian cancer in the domestic hen
27915270|a|The hen is an attractive animal model for in vivo testing of agents that thwart ovarian carcinogenesis because ovarian cancer in the domestic hen features clinical and molecular alterations that are similar to ovarian cancer in humans, including a high incidence of p53 mutations. The objective of the study was to test the potential ovarian cancer chemopreventive effect of the p53 stabilizing compound CP-31398 on hens that spontaneously present the ovarian cancer phenotype. Beginning at 79 wk of age, 576 egg-laying hens (Gallus domesticus) were randomized to diets containing different amounts of CP-31398 for 94 wk, 5 d, comprising a control group (C) (n = 144), which was fed a diet containing 0 ppm (mg/kg) of CP-31398; a low-dose treatment (LDT) group (n = 144), which was fed a diet containing 100 ppm of CP-31398; a moderate-dose treatment (MDT) group (n = 144) which was fed a diet containing 200 ppm of CP-31398; and a high-dose treatment (HDT) group (n = 144), which was fed a diet containing 300 ppm of CP-31398. Hens were killed at 174 wk of age to determine the incidence of ovarian and oviductal adenocarcinomas. Whereas the incidence of localized and metastatic ovarian cancers in the MDT and HDT groups was significantly lower (up to 77%) compared to levels in the C and LDT groups (P < 0.05), the incidence of oviductal cancer was unaffected by CP-31398. CP-31398 appears to be an effective tool for chemoprevention against ovarian malignancies, but does not appear to affect oviductal malignancies.
27915270	0	15	Chemoprevention	T061	C0282515
27915270	19	30	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
27915270	31	45	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27915270	53	65	domestic hen	T012	C0005595
27915270	70	73	hen	T012	C0005595
27915270	91	103	animal model	T008	C0599779
27915270	108	123	in vivo testing	T059	C1511124
27915270	127	133	agents	T121	C1254351
27915270	146	168	ovarian carcinogenesis	T191	C0029925
27915270	177	191	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27915270	199	211	domestic hen	T012	C0005595
27915270	221	229	clinical	T080	C0205210
27915270	234	243	molecular	T080	C1521991
27915270	244	255	alterations	T078	C1515926
27915270	276	290	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27915270	294	300	humans	T016	C0086418
27915270	319	328	incidence	T081	C0021149
27915270	332	335	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27915270	336	345	mutations	T045	C0026882
27915270	400	414	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27915270	415	430	chemopreventive	T080	C3273128
27915270	431	440	effect of	T080	C1704420
27915270	445	448	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27915270	449	469	stabilizing compound	T120	C0038113
27915270	470	478	CP-31398	T109	C0911202
27915270	482	486	hens	T012	C0005595
27915270	492	505	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
27915270	518	532	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
27915270	533	542	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27915270	566	569	age	T032	C0001779
27915270	575	590	egg-laying hens	T012	C0008051
27915270	592	609	Gallus domesticus	T012	C0008051
27915270	616	626	randomized	T033	C3815594
27915270	630	635	diets	T168	C0012155
27915270	668	676	CP-31398	T109	C0911202
27915270	706	719	control group	T096	C0009932
27915270	721	722	C	T096	C0009932
27915270	751	755	diet	T168	C0012155
27915270	784	792	CP-31398	T109	C0911202
27915270	796	814	low-dose treatment	T062	C1708745
27915270	816	819	LDT	T062	C1708745
27915270	821	826	group	T078	C0441833
27915270	854	858	diet	T168	C0012155
27915270	881	889	CP-31398	T109	C0911202
27915270	893	916	moderate-dose treatment	T062	C1709056
27915270	918	921	MDT	T062	C1709056
27915270	923	928	group	T078	C0441833
27915270	955	959	diet	T168	C0012155
27915270	982	990	CP-31398	T109	C0911202
27915270	998	1017	high-dose treatment	T062	C0242481
27915270	1019	1022	HDT	T062	C0242481
27915270	1024	1029	group	T078	C0441833
27915270	1057	1061	diet	T168	C0012155
27915270	1084	1092	CP-31398	T109	C0911202
27915270	1094	1098	Hens	T012	C0005595
27915270	1104	1110	killed	T054	C0162388
27915270	1124	1127	age	T032	C0001779
27915270	1145	1154	incidence	T081	C0021149
27915270	1158	1165	ovarian	T023	C0205065
27915270	1170	1179	oviductal	T023	C0015560
27915270	1180	1195	adenocarcinomas	T191	C0001418
27915270	1209	1218	incidence	T081	C0021149
27915270	1236	1262	metastatic ovarian cancers	T191	C0278688
27915270	1270	1273	MDT	T062	C1709056
27915270	1278	1281	HDT	T062	C0242481
27915270	1282	1288	groups	T078	C0441833
27915270	1351	1352	C	T096	C0009932
27915270	1357	1360	LDT	T062	C1708745
27915270	1361	1367	groups	T078	C0441833
27915270	1384	1393	incidence	T081	C0021149
27915270	1397	1413	oviductal cancer	T191	C2931869
27915270	1432	1440	CP-31398	T109	C0911202
27915270	1442	1450	CP-31398	T109	C0911202
27915270	1487	1502	chemoprevention	T061	C0282515
27915270	1511	1531	ovarian malignancies	T191	C1140680
27915270	1563	1585	oviductal malignancies	T191	C0153579

27916455|t|Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibition Improves Cortico-Basal Ganglia Function in Huntington's Disease Models
27916455|a|Huntington's disease (HD) symptoms are driven to a large extent by dysfunction of the basal ganglia circuitry. HD patients exhibit reduced striatal phoshodiesterase 10 (PDE10) levels. Using HD mouse models that exhibit reduced PDE10, we demonstrate the benefit of pharmacologic PDE10 inhibition to acutely correct basal ganglia circuitry deficits. PDE10 inhibition restored corticostriatal input and boosted cortically driven indirect pathway activity. Cyclic nucleotide signaling is impaired in HD models, and PDE10 loss may represent a homeostatic adaptation to maintain signaling. Elevation of both cAMP and cGMP by PDE10 inhibition was required for rescue. Phosphoproteomic profiling of striatum in response to PDE10 inhibition highlighted plausible neural substrates responsible for the improvement. Early chronic PDE10 inhibition in Q175 mice showed improvements beyond those seen with acute administration after symptom onset, including partial reversal of striatal deregulated transcripts and the prevention of the emergence of HD neurophysiological deficits. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
27916455	0	21	Phosphodiesterase 10A	T116,T126	C1452465
27916455	22	32	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27916455	42	63	Cortico-Basal Ganglia	T023	C0004781
27916455	64	72	Function	T039	C0031843
27916455	76	96	Huntington's Disease	T047	C0020179
27916455	97	103	Models	T050	C0012644
27916455	104	124	Huntington's disease	T047	C0020179
27916455	126	128	HD	T047	C0020179
27916455	130	138	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27916455	155	167	large extent	T080	C1555602
27916455	171	182	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27916455	190	203	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
27916455	204	213	circuitry	T023	C0599854
27916455	215	217	HD	T047	C0020179
27916455	218	226	patients	T101	C0030705
27916455	243	271	striatal phoshodiesterase 10	T116,T126	C1447737
27916455	273	278	PDE10	T116,T126	C1447737
27916455	294	296	HD	T047	C0020179
27916455	297	309	mouse models	T050	C2986594
27916455	331	336	PDE10	T116,T126	C1452465
27916455	357	364	benefit	T081	C0814225
27916455	368	381	pharmacologic	T169	C0205464
27916455	382	387	PDE10	T116,T126	C1452465
27916455	388	398	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27916455	418	431	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
27916455	432	441	circuitry	T023	C0599854
27916455	442	450	deficits	T080	C2987487
27916455	452	457	PDE10	T116,T126	C1452465
27916455	458	468	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27916455	478	493	corticostriatal	T023	C0229962
27916455	494	499	input	T077	C1708517
27916455	530	538	indirect	T080	C0439852
27916455	539	546	pathway	T077	C1705987
27916455	547	555	activity	T052	C0441655
27916455	557	584	Cyclic nucleotide signaling	T044	C1155588
27916455	588	596	impaired	T169	C0221099
27916455	600	602	HD	T047	C0020179
27916455	603	609	models	T050	C0012644
27916455	615	620	PDE10	T116,T126	C1452465
27916455	642	653	homeostatic	T038	C0019868
27916455	654	664	adaptation	T038	C0392673
27916455	677	686	signaling	T038	C3537152
27916455	688	697	Elevation	T061	C0439775
27916455	706	710	cAMP	T114,T121,T123	C0001455
27916455	715	719	cGMP	T114,T123	C0018338
27916455	723	728	PDE10	T116,T126	C1452465
27916455	729	739	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27916455	765	791	Phosphoproteomic profiling	T059	C1327760
27916455	795	803	striatum	T023	C0229962
27916455	819	824	PDE10	T116,T126	C1452465
27916455	825	835	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27916455	858	864	neural	T169	C3714606
27916455	865	875	substrates	T167	C3891814
27916455	896	907	improvement	T077	C2986411
27916455	915	922	chronic	T079	C0205191
27916455	923	928	PDE10	T116,T126	C1452465
27916455	929	939	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27916455	943	952	Q175 mice	T050	C2986594
27916455	960	972	improvements	T077	C2986411
27916455	996	1001	acute	T079	C0205178
27916455	1002	1016	administration	T061	C1533734
27916455	1023	1030	symptom	T184	C1457887
27916455	1031	1036	onset	T080	C0332162
27916455	1048	1055	partial	T081	C0728938
27916455	1056	1064	reversal	T169	C0443290
27916455	1068	1076	striatal	T023	C0229962
27916455	1077	1088	deregulated	T052	C1880287
27916455	1089	1100	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27916455	1109	1119	prevention	T080	C2700409
27916455	1127	1136	emergence	T052	C1706079
27916455	1140	1142	HD	T047	C0020179
27916455	1143	1161	neurophysiological	T040	C1327471
27916455	1162	1170	deficits	T080	C2987487

27916503|t|Riggia puyensis n. sp. (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) parasitizing Chaetostoma breve and Chaetostoma microps (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Ecuador
27916503|a|A new isopod was found parasitizing Chaetostoma breve and Chaetostoma microps from the Puyo and Bobonaza rivers. The parasite found belongs to the Cymothoidae family and could be located within the genus Riggia instead of Artystone by the presence of abdominal plates fused with the telson. The specimens found represent a new species, Riggia puyensis n. sp., and could be distinguished from Riggia cryptocularis by the presence of developed eyes. The main difference of the new specie from Riggia nana and Riggia brasiliensis is the size, bigger compared with the first and smaller compared with the last species. Riggia acuticaudata have the maxilliped with simple setae, the palp without spination, and maxillule with five spines (two terminal and three subterminal) instead in R. puyensis n. sp. the maxilliped have plumose setae, the palp have spination (with one apical spine, two setae on middle article and one in the basal article) and the maxillule have five spines: two terminal, two subterminal and other spine lower to the others. Riggia paranaensis have similar size, same number of segments in the antena, and similar maxilla to R. puyensis n. sp ., but the antennule in the new specie have seven segments instead 6 in R. paranaensis, the antennule and antenna present spines not mentioned in R. paranaensis. Besides, the relative position of the mandible in R. puyensis n. sp. is different compared with R. paranaensis, the maxillule have the same number of spines but with different disposition, and the maxilliped have simple setae in R. paranaensis but those are plumose in the new specie.
27916503	0	22	Riggia puyensis n. sp.	T204	C1193194
27916503	24	31	Isopoda	T204	C0598806
27916503	33	44	Cymothoidae	T204	C1068799
27916503	46	58	parasitizing	T204	C0030498
27916503	59	76	Chaetostoma breve	T013	C4105644
27916503	81	100	Chaetostoma microps	T013	C4105639
27916503	102	114	Siluriformes	T013	C0007418
27916503	116	128	Loricariidae	T013	C0328362
27916503	135	142	Ecuador	T083	C0013593
27916503	149	155	isopod	T204	C0598806
27916503	166	178	parasitizing	T204	C0030498
27916503	179	196	Chaetostoma breve	T013	C4105644
27916503	201	220	Chaetostoma microps	T013	C4105639
27916503	230	234	Puyo	T070	C0337050
27916503	239	254	Bobonaza rivers	T070	C0337050
27916503	260	268	parasite	T204	C0030498
27916503	290	301	Cymothoidae	T204	C1068799
27916503	302	308	family	T077	C1704727
27916503	341	346	genus	T185	C1708235
27916503	347	353	Riggia	T204	C1193194
27916503	365	374	Artystone	T204	C3904555
27916503	394	403	abdominal	T029	C0000726
27916503	404	410	plates	T023	C0229962
27916503	411	416	fused	T169	C0699952
27916503	426	432	telson	T023	C0229962
27916503	438	447	specimens	T001	C0029235
27916503	470	477	species	T185	C1705920
27916503	479	501	Riggia puyensis n. sp.	T204	C1193194
27916503	535	555	Riggia cryptocularis	T204	C1193194
27916503	585	589	eyes	T023	C0015392
27916503	622	628	specie	T185	C1705920
27916503	634	645	Riggia nana	T185	C1705920
27916503	650	669	Riggia brasiliensis	T204	C1193194
27916503	749	756	species	T185	C1705920
27916503	758	777	Riggia acuticaudata	T204	C1193194
27916503	810	815	setae	T023	C2936472
27916503	821	825	palp	T023	C0229962
27916503	834	843	spination	T023	C0037949
27916503	849	858	maxillule	T023	C0024947
27916503	869	875	spines	T023	C0037949
27916503	924	942	R. puyensis n. sp.	T204	C1193194
27916503	947	957	maxilliped	T023	C0024947
27916503	963	970	plumose	T023	C0229962
27916503	971	976	setae	T023	C2936472
27916503	982	986	palp	T023	C0229962
27916503	992	1001	spination	T023	C0037949
27916503	1012	1018	apical	T082	C0205111
27916503	1019	1024	spine	T023	C0037949
27916503	1030	1035	setae	T023	C2936472
27916503	1039	1053	middle article	T029	C0005898
27916503	1069	1082	basal article	T029	C0005898
27916503	1092	1101	maxillule	T023	C0024947
27916503	1112	1118	spines	T023	C0037949
27916503	1160	1165	spine	T023	C0037949
27916503	1187	1205	Riggia paranaensis	T204	C1193194
27916503	1240	1248	segments	T082	C0441635
27916503	1256	1262	antena	T023	C2936471
27916503	1276	1283	maxilla	T023	C0024947
27916503	1287	1304	R. puyensis n. sp	T204	C1193194
27916503	1316	1325	antennule	T023	C2936471
27916503	1337	1343	specie	T185	C1705920
27916503	1355	1363	segments	T082	C0441635
27916503	1377	1391	R. paranaensis	T204	C1193194
27916503	1397	1406	antennule	T023	C2936471
27916503	1411	1418	antenna	T023	C2936471
27916503	1427	1433	spines	T023	C0037949
27916503	1451	1465	R. paranaensis	T204	C1193194
27916503	1517	1534	R. puyensis n. sp	T204	C1193194
27916503	1563	1577	R. paranaensis	T204	C1193194
27916503	1583	1592	maxillule	T023	C0024947
27916503	1617	1623	spines	T023	C0037949
27916503	1664	1674	maxilliped	T023	C0024947
27916503	1687	1692	setae	T023	C2936472
27916503	1696	1710	R. paranaensis	T204	C1193194
27916503	1725	1732	plumose	T023	C0229962
27916503	1744	1750	specie	T185	C1705920

27916672|t|Famous faces and voices: Differential profiles in early right and left semantic dementia and in Alzheimer's disease
27916672|a|Famous face and voice recognition is reported to be impaired both in semantic dementia (SD) and in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), although more severely in the former. In AD a coexistence of perceptual impairment in face and voice processing has also been reported and this could contribute to the altered performance in complex semantic tasks. On the other hand, in SD both face and voice recognition disorders could be related to the prevalence of atrophy in the right temporal lobe (RTL). The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to investigate famous faces and voices recognition in SD and AD to verify if the two diseases show a differential pattern of impairment, resulting from disruption of different cognitive mechanisms; (2) to check if face and voice recognition disorders prevail in patients with atrophy mainly affecting the RTL. To avoid the potential influence of primary perceptual problems in face and voice recognition, a pool of patients suffering from early SD and AD were administered a detailed set of tests exploring face and voice perception. Thirteen SD (8 with prevalence of right and 5 with prevalence of left temporal atrophy) and 25 CE patients, who did not show visual and auditory perceptual impairment, were finally selected and were administered an experimental battery exploring famous face and voice recognition and naming. Twelve SD patients underwent cerebral PET imaging and were classified in right and left SD according to the onset modality and to the prevalent decrease in FDG uptake in right or left temporal lobe respectively. Correlation of PET imaging and famous face and voice recognition was performed. Results showed a differential performance profile in the two diseases, because AD patients were significantly impaired in the naming tests, but showed preserved recognition, whereas SD patients were profoundly impaired both in naming and in recognition of famous faces and voices. Furthermore, face and voice recognition disorders prevailed in SD patients with RTL atrophy, who also showed a conceptual impairment on the Pyramids and Palm Trees test more important in the pictorial than in the verbal modality. Finally, in 12 SD patients in whom PET was available, a strong correlation between FDG uptake and face-to-name and voice-to-name matching data was found in the right but not in the left temporal lobe. The data support the hypothesis of a different cognitive basis for impairment of face and voice recognition in the two dementias and suggest that the pattern of impairment in SD may be due to a loss of semantic representations, while a defect of semantic control, with impaired naming and preserved recognition might be hypothesized in AD. Furthermore, the correlation between face and voice recognition disorders and RTL damage are consistent with the hypothesis assuming that in the RTL person -specific knowledge may be mainly based upon non-verbal representations.
27916672	0	12	Famous faces	T041	C0870537
27916672	17	23	voices	T041	C0920674
27916672	25	37	Differential	T080	C1705242
27916672	38	46	profiles	T082	C0449774
27916672	50	55	early	T079	C1279919
27916672	56	61	right	T023	C0228232
27916672	66	70	left	T023	C0228233
27916672	71	88	semantic dementia	T048	C0338462
27916672	96	115	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27916672	116	127	Famous face	T041	C0870537
27916672	132	149	voice recognition	T041	C0920674
27916672	168	176	impaired	T169	C0221099
27916672	185	202	semantic dementia	T048	C0338462
27916672	204	206	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	215	234	Alzheimer's Disease	T047	C0002395
27916672	236	238	AD	T047	C0002395
27916672	255	263	severely	T080	C0205082
27916672	282	284	AD	T047	C0002395
27916672	302	312	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27916672	313	323	impairment	T169	C0221099
27916672	327	331	face	T041	C0870537
27916672	336	341	voice	T041	C0920674
27916672	342	352	processing	T041	C0025361
27916672	417	428	performance	T052	C1882330
27916672	432	439	complex	T080	C0439855
27916672	440	448	semantic	T078	C0036612
27916672	449	454	tasks	T052	C0441655
27916672	478	480	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	486	490	face	T041	C0870537
27916672	495	512	voice recognition	T041	C0920674
27916672	513	522	disorders	T047	C0012634
27916672	547	557	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27916672	561	568	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27916672	576	595	right temporal lobe	T023	C0228232
27916672	597	600	RTL	T023	C0228232
27916672	626	631	study	T062	C2603343
27916672	652	663	investigate	T169	C1292732
27916672	664	676	famous faces	T041	C0870537
27916672	681	699	voices recognition	T041	C0920674
27916672	703	705	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	710	712	AD	T047	C0002395
27916672	734	742	diseases	T047	C0012634
27916672	750	762	differential	T080	C1705242
27916672	763	770	pattern	T082	C0449774
27916672	774	784	impairment	T169	C0221099
27916672	801	811	disruption	T169	C0332453
27916672	825	834	cognitive	T041	C0009240
27916672	835	845	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27916672	863	867	face	T041	C0870537
27916672	872	889	voice recognition	T041	C0920674
27916672	890	899	disorders	T047	C0012634
27916672	911	919	patients	T101	C0030705
27916672	925	932	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27916672	954	957	RTL	T023	C0228232
27916672	972	981	potential	T080	C3245505
27916672	982	991	influence	T077	C4054723
27916672	995	1002	primary	T080	C0205225
27916672	1003	1013	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27916672	1014	1022	problems	T033	C0033213
27916672	1026	1030	face	T041	C0870537
27916672	1035	1052	voice recognition	T041	C0920674
27916672	1064	1072	patients	T101	C0030705
27916672	1088	1093	early	T079	C1279919
27916672	1094	1096	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	1101	1103	AD	T047	C0002395
27916672	1109	1121	administered	T169	C1521801
27916672	1140	1145	tests	T058	C2081632
27916672	1156	1160	face	T041	C0870537
27916672	1165	1170	voice	T041	C0920674
27916672	1171	1181	perception	T041	C0030971
27916672	1192	1194	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	1203	1213	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27916672	1217	1222	right	T023	C0228232
27916672	1234	1244	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27916672	1248	1261	left temporal	T023	C0228233
27916672	1262	1269	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27916672	1281	1289	patients	T101	C0030705
27916672	1308	1314	visual	T169	C0234621
27916672	1319	1327	auditory	T169	C0439825
27916672	1328	1338	perceptual	T041	C0030971
27916672	1339	1349	impairment	T169	C0221099
27916672	1382	1394	administered	T169	C1521801
27916672	1398	1410	experimental	T080	C1517586
27916672	1411	1418	battery	T170	C1555716
27916672	1429	1440	famous face	T041	C0870537
27916672	1445	1462	voice recognition	T041	C0920674
27916672	1467	1473	naming	T170	C0392366
27916672	1482	1484	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	1485	1493	patients	T101	C0030705
27916672	1504	1512	cerebral	T023	C0006104
27916672	1513	1524	PET imaging	T060	C0032743
27916672	1548	1553	right	T023	C0228232
27916672	1558	1562	left	T023	C0228233
27916672	1563	1565	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	1589	1597	modality	T078	C0695347
27916672	1619	1627	decrease	T081	C0547047
27916672	1631	1641	FDG uptake	T109,T130	C0046056
27916672	1645	1650	right	T023	C0228232
27916672	1654	1672	left temporal lobe	T023	C0228233
27916672	1687	1698	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27916672	1702	1713	PET imaging	T060	C0032743
27916672	1718	1729	famous face	T041	C0870537
27916672	1734	1751	voice recognition	T041	C0920674
27916672	1767	1774	Results	T169	C1274040
27916672	1784	1796	differential	T080	C1705242
27916672	1797	1808	performance	T052	C1882330
27916672	1809	1816	profile	T082	C0449774
27916672	1828	1836	diseases	T047	C0012634
27916672	1846	1848	AD	T047	C0002395
27916672	1849	1857	patients	T101	C0030705
27916672	1877	1885	impaired	T169	C0221099
27916672	1893	1905	naming tests	T170	C0392366
27916672	1928	1939	recognition	T041	C0524637
27916672	1949	1951	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	1952	1960	patients	T101	C0030705
27916672	1977	1985	impaired	T169	C0221099
27916672	1994	2000	naming	T170	C0392366
27916672	2008	2035	recognition of famous faces	T041	C0870537
27916672	2040	2046	voices	T041	C0920674
27916672	2061	2065	face	T041	C0870537
27916672	2070	2087	voice recognition	T041	C0920674
27916672	2088	2097	disorders	T047	C0012634
27916672	2111	2113	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	2114	2122	patients	T101	C0030705
27916672	2128	2131	RTL	T023	C0228232
27916672	2132	2139	atrophy	T046	C0333641
27916672	2159	2169	conceptual	T077	C1254372
27916672	2170	2180	impairment	T169	C0221099
27916672	2188	2216	Pyramids and Palm Trees test	T170	C0451399
27916672	2261	2267	verbal	T080	C0439824
27916672	2268	2276	modality	T078	C0695347
27916672	2293	2295	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	2296	2304	patients	T101	C0030705
27916672	2313	2316	PET	T060	C0032743
27916672	2341	2352	correlation	T080	C1707520
27916672	2361	2371	FDG uptake	T109,T130	C0046056
27916672	2376	2388	face-to-name	T080	C1708943
27916672	2393	2415	voice-to-name matching	T080	C1708943
27916672	2416	2420	data	T078	C1511726
27916672	2438	2443	right	T023	C0228232
27916672	2459	2477	left temporal lobe	T023	C0228233
27916672	2483	2487	data	T078	C1511726
27916672	2500	2510	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27916672	2526	2535	cognitive	T041	C0009240
27916672	2546	2556	impairment	T169	C0221099
27916672	2560	2564	face	T041	C0870537
27916672	2569	2586	voice recognition	T041	C0920674
27916672	2598	2607	dementias	T048	C0338462
27916672	2629	2636	pattern	T082	C0449774
27916672	2640	2650	impairment	T169	C0221099
27916672	2654	2656	SD	T048	C0338462
27916672	2681	2689	semantic	T078	C0036612
27916672	2690	2705	representations	T052	C1882932
27916672	2725	2733	semantic	T078	C0036612
27916672	2734	2741	control	T169	C2587213
27916672	2748	2756	impaired	T169	C0221099
27916672	2757	2763	naming	T170	C0392366
27916672	2768	2789	preserved recognition	T041	C0524637
27916672	2815	2817	AD	T047	C0002395
27916672	2836	2847	correlation	T080	C1707520
27916672	2856	2860	face	T041	C0870537
27916672	2865	2882	voice recognition	T041	C0920674
27916672	2883	2892	disorders	T047	C0012634
27916672	2897	2900	RTL	T023	C0228232
27916672	2901	2907	damage	T037	C0178314
27916672	2932	2942	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27916672	2964	2967	RTL	T023	C0228232
27916672	2968	2974	person	T098	C0027361
27916672	2985	2994	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27916672	3020	3046	non-verbal representations	T041	C0681317

27917118|t|No Correlation between Distorted Body Representations Underlying Tactile Distance Perception and Position Sense
27917118|a|Both tactile distance perception and position sense are believed to require that immediate afferent signals be referenced to a stored representation of body size and shape (the body model). For both of these abilities, recent studies have reported that the stored body representations involved are highly distorted, at least in the case of the hand, with the hand dorsum represented as wider and squatter than it actually is. Here, we investigated whether individual differences in the magnitude of these distortions are shared between tactile distance perception and position sense, as would be predicted by the hypothesis that a single distorted body model underlies both tasks. We used established tasks to measure distortions of the represented shape of the hand dorsum. Consistent with previous results, in both cases there were clear biases to overestimate distances oriented along the medio-lateral axis of the hand compared to the proximo-distal axis. Moreover, within each task there were clear split-half correlations, demonstrating that both tasks show consistent individual differences. Critically, however, there was no correlation between the magnitudes of distortion in the two tasks. This casts doubt on the proposal that a common body model underlies both tactile distance perception and position sense.
27917118	3	14	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27917118	23	32	Distorted	T169	C0700135
27917118	33	53	Body Representations	T080	C3489573
27917118	65	72	Tactile	T080	C0439815
27917118	73	92	Distance Perception	T041	C0012752
27917118	97	111	Position Sense	T040	C0234219
27917118	117	124	tactile	T080	C0439815
27917118	125	144	distance perception	T041	C0012752
27917118	149	163	position sense	T040	C0234219
27917118	193	202	immediate	T079	C0205253
27917118	203	211	afferent	T082	C0205115
27917118	212	219	signals	T067	C1710082
27917118	239	245	stored	T169	C1698986
27917118	246	260	representation	T077	C1514861
27917118	264	273	body size	T032	C0005901
27917118	278	283	shape	T080	C0348078
27917118	289	299	body model	T073	C3273359
27917118	369	375	stored	T169	C1698986
27917118	376	396	body representations	T080	C3489573
27917118	410	416	highly	T080	C0205250
27917118	417	426	distorted	T169	C0700135
27917118	456	460	hand	T023	C0018563
27917118	471	482	hand dorsum	T029	C0230372
27917118	483	494	represented	T052	C1882932
27917118	498	503	wider	T082	C0332464
27917118	547	559	investigated	T169	C1292732
27917118	568	590	individual differences	T054	C0021228
27917118	598	607	magnitude	T081	C1704240
27917118	617	628	distortions	T190	C0332482
27917118	648	655	tactile	T080	C0439815
27917118	656	675	distance perception	T041	C0012752
27917118	680	694	position sense	T040	C0234219
27917118	708	717	predicted	T078	C0681842
27917118	725	735	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27917118	750	759	distorted	T169	C0700135
27917118	760	770	body model	T073	C3273359
27917118	801	812	established	T080	C0443211
27917118	822	829	measure	T081	C0079809
27917118	830	841	distortions	T190	C0332482
27917118	861	866	shape	T082	C0332479
27917118	874	885	hand dorsum	T029	C0230372
27917118	887	902	Consistent with	T078	C0332290
27917118	952	958	biases	T078	C0242568
27917118	975	984	distances	T081	C0012751
27917118	985	993	oriented	T082	C1704322
27917118	1004	1022	medio-lateral axis	T040	C1160431
27917118	1030	1034	hand	T023	C0018563
27917118	1051	1070	proximo-distal axis	T040	C1160440
27917118	1116	1139	split-half correlations	T170	C0282574
27917118	1176	1186	consistent	T078	C0332290
27917118	1245	1256	correlation	T080	C1707520
27917118	1269	1279	magnitudes	T081	C1704240
27917118	1283	1293	distortion	T190	C0332482
27917118	1336	1344	proposal	T078	C1555306
27917118	1359	1369	body model	T073	C3273359
27917118	1385	1392	tactile	T080	C0439815
27917118	1393	1412	distance perception	T041	C0012752
27917118	1417	1431	position sense	T040	C0234219

27917468|t|Dry skin conditions are related to the recovery rate of skin temperature after cold stress rather than to blood flow
27917468|a|Cutaneous blood flow plays an important role in the thermoregulation, oxygen supply, and nutritional support necessary to maintain the skin. However, there is little evidence for a link between blood flow and skin physiology. Therefore, we conducted surveys of healthy volunteers to determine the relationship (s) between dry skin properties and cutaneous vascular function. Water content of the stratum corneum, transepidermal water loss, and visual dryness score were investigated as dry skin parameters. Cutaneous blood flow in the resting state, the recovery rate (RR) of skin temperature on the hand after a cold-stress test, and the responsiveness of facial skin blood flow to local cooling were examined as indices of cutaneous vascular functions. The relationships between dry skin parameters and cutaneous vascular functions were assessed. The RR correlated negatively with the visual dryness score of skin on the leg but correlated positively with water content of the stratum corneum on the arm. No significant correlation between the resting state of blood flow and dry skin parameters was observed. In both the face and the body, deterioration in skin dryness from summer to winter was significant in subjects with low RR. The RR correlated well with the responsiveness of facial skin blood flow to local cooling, indicating that the RR affects systemic dry skin conditions. These results suggest that the RR but not blood flow at the resting state is associated with dry skin conditions and is involved in skin homeostasis during seasonal environmental changes.
27917468	0	8	Dry skin	T184	C0151908
27917468	24	31	related	T080	C0439849
27917468	39	52	recovery rate	T081	C1521828
27917468	56	72	skin temperature	T032	C0037294
27917468	79	83	cold	T070	C0009264
27917468	84	90	stress	T046	C0449430
27917468	106	116	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27917468	117	126	Cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27917468	127	137	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27917468	147	156	important	T080	C3898777
27917468	169	185	thermoregulation	T042	C0232416
27917468	187	200	oxygen supply	T201	C0429622
27917468	206	225	nutritional support	T061	C0242739
27917468	239	247	maintain	T052	C0024501
27917468	252	256	skin	T022	C1123023
27917468	283	291	evidence	T078	C3887511
27917468	311	321	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27917468	326	341	skin physiology	T042	C0037289
27917468	367	374	surveys	T170	C0038951
27917468	378	396	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27917468	414	426	relationship	T080	C0439849
27917468	439	447	dry skin	T184	C0151908
27917468	463	472	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27917468	473	490	vascular function	T201	C0232337
27917468	513	528	stratum corneum	T024	C0221921
27917468	530	555	transepidermal water loss	T033	C0232421
27917468	561	581	visual dryness score	T080	C1512080
27917468	587	599	investigated	T169	C1292732
27917468	603	611	dry skin	T184	C0151908
27917468	612	622	parameters	T033	C0449381
27917468	624	633	Cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27917468	634	644	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27917468	652	665	resting state	T033	C0679218
27917468	671	684	recovery rate	T081	C1521828
27917468	686	688	RR	T081	C1521828
27917468	693	709	skin temperature	T032	C0037294
27917468	717	721	hand	T023	C0018563
27917468	730	746	cold-stress test	T059	C0022885
27917468	756	770	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
27917468	774	785	facial skin	T023	C0222084
27917468	786	796	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27917468	800	813	local cooling	T061	C0419138
27917468	819	827	examined	T033	C0332128
27917468	831	838	indices	T170	C0918012
27917468	842	851	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27917468	852	870	vascular functions	T201	C0232337
27917468	876	889	relationships	T080	C0439849
27917468	898	906	dry skin	T184	C0151908
27917468	907	917	parameters	T033	C0449381
27917468	922	931	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
27917468	932	950	vascular functions	T201	C0232337
27917468	956	964	assessed	T052	C1516048
27917468	970	972	RR	T081	C1521828
27917468	973	983	correlated	T080	C1707520
27917468	1004	1024	visual dryness score	T080	C1512080
27917468	1028	1032	skin	T022	C1123023
27917468	1040	1043	leg	T023	C1140621
27917468	1048	1058	correlated	T080	C1707520
27917468	1096	1111	stratum corneum	T024	C0221921
27917468	1139	1150	correlation	T080	C1707520
27917468	1163	1176	resting state	T033	C0679218
27917468	1180	1190	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27917468	1195	1203	dry skin	T184	C0151908
27917468	1204	1214	parameters	T033	C0449381
27917468	1219	1227	observed	T169	C1441672
27917468	1241	1245	face	T029	C0015450
27917468	1254	1258	body	T016	C0242821
27917468	1260	1273	deterioration	T067	C0868945
27917468	1277	1289	skin dryness	T184	C0151908
27917468	1295	1301	summer	T079	C0241301
27917468	1305	1311	winter	T079	C0241737
27917468	1316	1327	significant	T078	C0750502
27917468	1349	1351	RR	T081	C1521828
27917468	1357	1359	RR	T081	C1521828
27917468	1360	1370	correlated	T080	C1707520
27917468	1385	1399	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
27917468	1403	1414	facial skin	T023	C0222084
27917468	1415	1425	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27917468	1429	1442	local cooling	T061	C0419138
27917468	1444	1454	indicating	T033	C1444656
27917468	1464	1466	RR	T081	C1521828
27917468	1484	1492	dry skin	T184	C0151908
27917468	1536	1538	RR	T081	C1521828
27917468	1547	1557	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27917468	1565	1578	resting state	T033	C0679218
27917468	1598	1606	dry skin	T184	C0151908
27917468	1642	1653	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27917468	1661	1669	seasonal	T079	C0036496
27917468	1670	1691	environmental changes	T033	C4060636

27918168|t|The effect of therapist use of validation strategies on change in client emotion in individual dbt treatment sessions
27918168|a|Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a treatment for borderline personality disorder, a disorder for which emotion dysregulation is central. Within DBT, there are 6 explicitly defined validation strategies that range hierarchically from validation level (VL) 1 to VL 6. To date, there have been no studies on the frequency of use of VLs in actual DBT sessions. The aim of the current study was to explore DBT therapists ' use of VLs and examine the relationship between VLs and change in a client emotion during therapy sessions. DBT treatment sessions (n = 121) across 35 participants in a DBT training clinic were coded for therapist use of VLs. A repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess for change in therapist use of VLs over time and hierarchical linear modeling was used to correlate therapist use of these strategies with change in client emotion. Results indicated no significant relationship between overall frequency of VLs and change in client emotion. However, an increase in frequency of high VLs was associated with an increase in positive affect (PA) and a decrease in negative affect (NA) while an increase in frequency of low VLs was associated with a decrease in PA and no change in NA. An increase in frequency of VL 4 was associated with an increase in NA. VL 6 was associated with an increase in PA and a decrease in NA. Findings suggest that specific validation strategies may be related to session changes in affect and have implications for identifying potential mechanisms of change. (PsycINFO Database Record
27918168	4	10	effect	T080	C1280500
27918168	14	23	therapist	T097	C0871525
27918168	31	41	validation	T062	C1519941
27918168	42	52	strategies	T061	C0184661
27918168	66	72	client	T096	C0008942
27918168	73	80	emotion	T041	C0013987
27918168	95	98	dbt	T061	C1321145
27918168	99	108	treatment	T061	C0087111
27918168	109	117	sessions	T061	C0199393
27918168	118	146	Dialectical behavior therapy	T061	C1321145
27918168	148	151	DBT	T061	C1321145
27918168	158	167	treatment	T061	C0087111
27918168	172	203	borderline personality disorder	T048	C0006012
27918168	207	215	disorder	T047	C0012634
27918168	226	247	emotion dysregulation	T048	C0004936
27918168	267	270	DBT	T061	C1321145
27918168	303	313	validation	T062	C1519941
27918168	314	324	strategies	T061	C0184661
27918168	330	335	range	T081	C1514721
27918168	336	350	hierarchically	T169	C0699032
27918168	356	366	validation	T062	C1519941
27918168	367	372	level	T080	C0441889
27918168	374	376	VL	T080	C0441889
27918168	383	385	VL	T080	C0441889
27918168	417	424	studies	T062	C2603343
27918168	432	441	frequency	T081	C0871396
27918168	452	455	VLs	T080	C0441889
27918168	466	469	DBT	T061	C1321145
27918168	470	478	sessions	T061	C0199393
27918168	484	487	aim	T078	C1947946
27918168	503	508	study	T062	C2603343
27918168	524	527	DBT	T061	C1321145
27918168	528	538	therapists	T097	C0871525
27918168	548	551	VLs	T080	C0441889
27918168	556	563	examine	T058	C0582103
27918168	589	592	VLs	T080	C0441889
27918168	609	615	client	T096	C0008942
27918168	616	623	emotion	T041	C0013987
27918168	631	638	therapy	T061	C0087111
27918168	639	647	sessions	T061	C0199393
27918168	649	652	DBT	T061	C1321145
27918168	653	662	treatment	T061	C0087111
27918168	663	671	sessions	T061	C0199393
27918168	692	704	participants	T098	C0679646
27918168	710	713	DBT	T061	C1321145
27918168	723	729	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27918168	745	754	therapist	T097	C0871525
27918168	762	765	VLs	T080	C0441889
27918168	769	786	repeated-measures	T062	C0871881
27918168	787	807	analysis of variance	T081	C0002780
27918168	809	814	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
27918168	849	858	therapist	T097	C0871525
27918168	866	869	VLs	T080	C0441889
27918168	884	912	hierarchical linear modeling	T081	C0814910
27918168	935	944	therapist	T097	C0871525
27918168	958	968	strategies	T061	C0184661
27918168	984	990	client	T096	C0008942
27918168	991	998	emotion	T041	C0013987
27918168	1000	1007	Results	T033	C0683954
27918168	1062	1071	frequency	T081	C0871396
27918168	1075	1078	VLs	T080	C0441889
27918168	1093	1099	client	T096	C0008942
27918168	1100	1107	emotion	T041	C0013987
27918168	1133	1142	frequency	T081	C0871396
27918168	1151	1154	VLs	T080	C0441889
27918168	1190	1198	positive	T033	C1446409
27918168	1199	1205	affect	T041	C0001721
27918168	1207	1209	PA	T041	C0001721
27918168	1229	1237	negative	T033	C0205160
27918168	1238	1244	affect	T041	C0001721
27918168	1246	1248	NA	T041	C0001721
27918168	1271	1280	frequency	T081	C0871396
27918168	1288	1291	VLs	T080	C0441889
27918168	1326	1328	PA	T041	C0001721
27918168	1346	1348	NA	T041	C0001721
27918168	1365	1374	frequency	T081	C0871396
27918168	1378	1380	VL	T080	C0441889
27918168	1418	1420	NA	T041	C0001721
27918168	1422	1424	VL	T080	C0441889
27918168	1462	1464	PA	T041	C0001721
27918168	1483	1485	NA	T041	C0001721
27918168	1487	1495	Findings	T033	C0243095
27918168	1518	1528	validation	T062	C1519941
27918168	1529	1539	strategies	T061	C0184661
27918168	1529	1539	strategies	T061	C0184661
27918168	1558	1565	session	T061	C0199393
27918168	1577	1583	affect	T041	C0001721
27918168	1632	1642	mechanisms	T169	C0441712

27919226|t|Molar loss and powder diet leads to memory deficit and modifies the mRNA expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus of adult mice
27919226|a|It is known that tooth loss is known to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and soft diet feeding induces memory impairment. Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with tooth loss or soft diet in young animal model, and that BDNF expression is decreased in patients with Alzheimer's disease. However, single or combined effect of tooth loss and/or soft diet on brain function has not fully understood. Here we examined the effect of molar loss and powder diet on memory ability and the expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus of adult C57BL/6J mice. Twenty eight-weeks-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into intact molar group and extracted molar group. They were randomly divided into the I/S group (Intact upper molar teeth / Solid diet feeding), the E/S group (Extracted upper molar teeth / Solid diet feeding), the I/P group (Intact upper molar teeth / Powder diet feeding), and the E/P group (Extracted upper molar teeth / Powder diet feeding). The observation periods were 4 and 16-week. To analyze the memory ability, the step-through passive avoidance test was conducted. BDNF-related mRNA in the hippocampus was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). At 4 weeks later, we performed memory test and isolated brains to analyze. There were no differences in memory function and BDNF mRNA level between these four groups. However, at 16 weeks later, E/S and E/P group showed memory impairment, and decreased level of BDNF mRNA. Whereas, the powder diet had no effect on memory function and BDNF mRNA level even at 16 weeks later. These results suggest that the effect of molar loss and powder diet on memory function and BDNF mRNA levels were different, molar loss may have a greater long-term effect on memory ability than powder diet does.
27919226	0	10	Molar loss	T020	C0080233
27919226	15	26	powder diet	T061	C0301569
27919226	36	50	memory deficit	T048	C0233794
27919226	68	83	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27919226	87	120	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	T116,T123	C0107103
27919226	128	139	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27919226	143	148	adult	T100	C0001675
27919226	149	153	mice	T015	C0025929
27919226	171	181	tooth loss	T020	C0080233
27919226	199	210	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27919226	215	234	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27919226	239	248	soft diet	T061	C0301569
27919226	249	256	feeding	T052	C2987508
27919226	265	282	memory impairment	T048	C0233794
27919226	315	348	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	T116,T123	C0107103
27919226	350	354	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
27919226	359	374	associated with	T080	C0332281
27919226	375	385	tooth loss	T020	C0080233
27919226	389	398	soft diet	T061	C0301569
27919226	408	420	animal model	T008	C0599779
27919226	431	435	BDNF	T028	C1332408
27919226	436	446	expression	T045	C0017262
27919226	463	471	patients	T101	C0030705
27919226	477	496	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27919226	526	535	effect of	T080	C1704420
27919226	536	546	tooth loss	T020	C0080233
27919226	554	563	soft diet	T061	C0301569
27919226	567	581	brain function	T042	C0678908
27919226	629	638	effect of	T080	C1704420
27919226	639	649	molar loss	T020	C0080233
27919226	654	665	powder diet	T061	C0301569
27919226	669	683	memory ability	T041	C0025260
27919226	692	702	expression	T045	C0017262
27919226	706	715	BDNF mRNA	T028	C1332408
27919226	723	734	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27919226	738	743	adult	T100	C0001675
27919226	744	757	C57BL/6J mice	T015	C0025929
27919226	782	795	C57BL/6J mice	T015	C0025929
27919226	870	878	randomly	T062	C0034656
27919226	914	931	upper molar teeth	T023	C0927248
27919226	934	944	Solid diet	T168	C0012155
27919226	945	952	feeding	T052	C2987508
27919226	970	979	Extracted	T061	C0040440
27919226	980	997	upper molar teeth	T023	C0927248
27919226	1000	1010	Solid diet	T168	C0012155
27919226	1011	1018	feeding	T052	C2987508
27919226	1043	1060	upper molar teeth	T023	C0927248
27919226	1063	1074	Powder diet	T061	C0301569
27919226	1075	1082	feeding	T052	C2987508
27919226	1114	1131	upper molar teeth	T023	C0927248
27919226	1134	1145	Powder diet	T061	C0301569
27919226	1146	1153	feeding	T052	C2987508
27919226	1203	1210	analyze	T062	C0936012
27919226	1215	1229	memory ability	T041	C0025260
27919226	1248	1265	passive avoidance	T041	C0871047
27919226	1286	1303	BDNF-related mRNA	T028	C1332408
27919226	1311	1322	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27919226	1327	1335	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27919226	1339	1374	real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1709846
27919226	1376	1382	RT-PCR	T063	C1709846
27919226	1416	1427	memory test	T059	C0022885
27919226	1441	1447	brains	T023	C0006104
27919226	1451	1458	analyze	T062	C0936012
27919226	1471	1485	no differences	T033	C3842396
27919226	1489	1504	memory function	T041	C0025260
27919226	1509	1518	BDNF mRNA	T028	C1332408
27919226	1605	1622	memory impairment	T048	C0233794
27919226	1647	1656	BDNF mRNA	T028	C1332408
27919226	1671	1682	powder diet	T061	C0301569
27919226	1687	1696	no effect	T080	C1301751
27919226	1700	1715	memory function	T041	C0025260
27919226	1720	1729	BDNF mRNA	T028	C1332408
27919226	1791	1800	effect of	T080	C1704420
27919226	1801	1811	molar loss	T020	C0080233
27919226	1816	1827	powder diet	T061	C0301569
27919226	1831	1846	memory function	T041	C0025260
27919226	1851	1860	BDNF mRNA	T028	C1332408
27919226	1884	1894	molar loss	T020	C0080233
27919226	1914	1930	long-term effect	T067	C0023983
27919226	1934	1948	memory ability	T041	C0025260
27919226	1954	1965	powder diet	T061	C0301569

27919317|t|Drosophila neprilysins control insulin signaling and food intake via cleavage of regulatory peptides
27919317|a|Insulin and IGF signaling are critical to numerous developmental and physiological processes, with perturbations being pathognomonic of various diseases, including diabetes. Although the functional roles of the respective signaling pathways have been extensively studied, the control of insulin production and release is only partially understood. Herein, we show that in Drosophila expression of insulin-like peptides is regulated by neprilysin activity. Concomitant phenotypes of altered neprilysin expression included impaired food intake, reduced body size, and characteristic changes in the metabolite composition. Ectopic expression of a catalytically inactive mutant did not elicit any of the phenotypes, which confirms abnormal peptide hydrolysis as a causative factor. A screen for corresponding substrates of the neprilysin identified distinct peptides that regulate insulin-like peptide expression, feeding behavior, or both. The high functional conservation of neprilysins and their substrates renders the characterized principles applicable to numerous species, including higher eukaryotes and humans.
27919317	0	10	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
27919317	11	22	neprilysins	T116,T126	C0025250
27919317	23	30	control	T169	C2587213
27919317	31	48	insulin signaling	T044	C1512804
27919317	53	64	food intake	T040	C0013470
27919317	69	77	cleavage	T044	C0597304
27919317	81	91	regulatory	T077	C1704735
27919317	92	100	peptides	T116	C0030956
27919317	101	108	Insulin	T044	C1512804
27919317	113	126	IGF signaling	T044	C1155394
27919317	143	151	numerous	T081	C0439064
27919317	152	165	developmental	T040	C0678723
27919317	170	193	physiological processes	T039	C0031845
27919317	200	213	perturbations	T169	C0332453
27919317	220	233	pathognomonic	T077	C2986472
27919317	245	253	diseases	T047	C0012634
27919317	265	273	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27919317	288	304	functional roles	T077	C1705810
27919317	323	341	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27919317	364	371	studied	T062	C2603343
27919317	377	384	control	T169	C2587213
27919317	388	395	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27919317	396	406	production	T038	C0220781
27919317	411	418	release	T044	C1148560
27919317	473	483	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
27919317	484	494	expression	T045	C1171362
27919317	498	519	insulin-like peptides	T116,T125	C0037657
27919317	536	555	neprilysin activity	T044	C1150197
27919317	557	568	Concomitant	T079	C0521115
27919317	569	579	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27919317	591	601	neprilysin	T116,T126	C0025250
27919317	602	612	expression	T045	C1171362
27919317	622	630	impaired	T169	C0221099
27919317	631	642	food intake	T040	C0013470
27919317	644	651	reduced	T080	C0392756
27919317	652	661	body size	T032	C0005901
27919317	667	681	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27919317	682	689	changes	T169	C0392747
27919317	697	707	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27919317	708	719	composition	T080	C0205198
27919317	721	728	Ectopic	T082	C0574895
27919317	729	739	expression	T045	C1171362
27919317	745	774	catalytically inactive mutant	T116	C1564139
27919317	801	811	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27919317	828	836	abnormal	T033	C0205161
27919317	837	855	peptide hydrolysis	T044	C0597304
27919317	861	877	causative factor	T169	C1521761
27919317	906	916	substrates	T167	C3891814
27919317	924	934	neprilysin	T116,T126	C0025250
27919317	955	963	peptides	T116	C0030956
27919317	978	998	insulin-like peptide	T116,T125	C0037657
27919317	999	1009	expression	T045	C1171362
27919317	1011	1027	feeding behavior	T040	C0013470
27919317	1047	1057	functional	T169	C0205245
27919317	1058	1070	conservation	T080	C2347858
27919317	1074	1085	neprilysins	T116,T126	C0025250
27919317	1096	1106	substrates	T167	C3891814
27919317	1158	1166	numerous	T081	C0439064
27919317	1167	1174	species	T185	C1705920
27919317	1193	1203	eukaryotes	T204	C0684063
27919317	1208	1214	humans	T016	C0086418

27919332|t|Effects of ionizing radiation on the mammalian brain
27919332|a|Epidemiological studies on the atomic-bomb survivors, cancer survivors and occupational cohorts provide strong evidence for multifaceted damage to brain after ionizing radiation. Radiation - induced late effects may manifest as brain tumors or cognitive impairment. Decreased neurogenesis and differentiation, alteration in neural structure and synaptic plasticity as well as increased oxidative stress and inflammation are suggested to contribute to adverse effects in the brain. In addition to neural stems cells, several brain -specific mature cell types including endothelial and glial cells are negatively affected by ionizing radiation. Radiation - induced enhancement of endothelial cell apoptosis results in disruption of the vascular system and the blood brain barrier. Activated microglia create inflammatory environment that negatively affects neuronal structures and results in decreased synaptic plasticity. Although the molecular mechanisms involved in radiation - induced brain injury remain elusive, first strategies for prevention and amelioration are being developed. Drug -based prevention and treatment focus mainly on the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. Cell replacement therapy holds great promise as first animal studies using transplantation of neural stem cells to irradiated brain have been successful in restoring memory and cognition deficits. This review summarizes the epidemiological and biological data on radiation - induced brain damage and describes prevention and therapy methods to avoid and ameliorate these adverse effects, respectively.
27919332	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27919332	11	29	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
27919332	37	46	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27919332	47	52	brain	T023	C0006104
27919332	53	76	Epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
27919332	84	105	atomic-bomb survivors	T101	C0206194
27919332	107	123	cancer survivors	T101	C1516231
27919332	128	140	occupational	T169	C0521127
27919332	141	148	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27919332	177	189	multifaceted	T082	C0205291
27919332	190	196	damage	T169	C1883709
27919332	200	205	brain	T023	C0006104
27919332	212	230	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
27919332	232	241	Radiation	T070	C0034538
27919332	244	251	induced	T169	C0205263
27919332	257	264	effects	T080	C1280500
27919332	269	277	manifest	T169	C0205319
27919332	281	293	brain tumors	T191	C0006118
27919332	297	317	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27919332	319	328	Decreased	T081	C0205216
27919332	329	341	neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
27919332	346	361	differentiation	T043	C0007589
27919332	363	373	alteration	T078	C1515926
27919332	377	393	neural structure	T026	C0682678
27919332	398	417	synaptic plasticity	T042	C0027880
27919332	429	438	increased	T081	C0205217
27919332	439	455	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27919332	460	472	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27919332	490	500	contribute	T052	C1880177
27919332	504	519	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27919332	527	532	brain	T023	C0006104
27919332	549	567	neural stems cells	T025	C1113654
27919332	577	582	brain	T023	C0006104
27919332	593	599	mature	T079	C0205286
27919332	600	610	cell types	T025	C0007634
27919332	621	632	endothelial	T025	C0225336
27919332	637	648	glial cells	T025	C0027836
27919332	664	672	affected	T169	C0392760
27919332	676	694	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
27919332	696	705	Radiation	T070	C0034538
27919332	708	715	induced	T169	C0205263
27919332	716	727	enhancement	T052	C2349975
27919332	731	747	endothelial cell	T025	C0225336
27919332	748	757	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27919332	769	779	disruption	T169	C0332453
27919332	787	802	vascular system	T022	C0489903
27919332	811	830	blood brain barrier	T023	C0005854
27919332	832	841	Activated	T052	C1879547
27919332	842	851	microglia	T025	C0206116
27919332	859	871	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
27919332	872	883	environment	T082	C1254362
27919332	908	927	neuronal structures	T026	C0682678
27919332	943	952	decreased	T081	C0205216
27919332	953	972	synaptic plasticity	T042	C0027880
27919332	987	996	molecular	T080	C1521991
27919332	997	1007	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27919332	1020	1029	radiation	T070	C0034538
27919332	1032	1039	induced	T169	C0205263
27919332	1040	1052	brain injury	T037	C0270611
27919332	1090	1100	prevention	T080	C2700409
27919332	1105	1117	amelioration	T169	C1301676
27919332	1139	1143	Drug	T121	C1254351
27919332	1151	1161	prevention	T080	C2700409
27919332	1166	1175	treatment	T169	C1522326
27919332	1196	1206	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27919332	1210	1226	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27919332	1231	1243	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27919332	1245	1269	Cell replacement therapy	T061	C0279033
27919332	1299	1305	animal	T008	C0003062
27919332	1320	1335	transplantation	T061	C0040732
27919332	1339	1356	neural stem cells	T025	C1113654
27919332	1360	1376	irradiated brain	T023	C0006104
27919332	1401	1410	restoring	T061	C1283255
27919332	1411	1417	memory	T041	C0025260
27919332	1422	1440	cognition deficits	T048	C0009241
27919332	1469	1484	epidemiological	T169	C1516907
27919332	1489	1499	biological	T080	C0205460
27919332	1500	1504	data	T078	C1511726
27919332	1508	1517	radiation	T070	C0034538
27919332	1520	1527	induced	T169	C0205263
27919332	1528	1540	brain damage	T037	C0270611
27919332	1555	1565	prevention	T080	C2700409
27919332	1570	1585	therapy methods	T169	C0039798
27919332	1599	1609	ameliorate	T169	C1301676
27919332	1616	1631	adverse effects	T046	C0879626

27919735|t|Quercetin attenuates high fructose feeding - induced atherosclerosis by suppressing inflammation and apoptosis via ROS - regulated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
27919735|a|Quercetin is a dietary flavonoid compound extracted from various plants, such as apple and onions. Previous studies have revealed its anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities. This study investigated the ability of quercetin to inhibit high fructose feeding - or LPS - induced atherosclerosis through regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation response in vivo and in vitro experiments. 50 and 100mg/kg quercetin were used in our study, showing significant inhibitory role in high fructose - induced atherosclerosis via reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, Caspase-3 activation, inflammatory cytokines releasing, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase -mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)- positive cells and collagen contents as well as modulating apoptosis - and inflammation -related proteins expression. We also explored the protective effects of quercetin on atherosclerosis by phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/ Protein kinase B (AKT)-associated Bcl-2 / Caspase-3 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathways activation, promoting AKT and Bcl-2 expression and reducing Caspase-3 and NF-κB activation. Quercetin reduced the atherosclerotic plaque size in vivo in high fructose feeding - induced mice assessed by oil red O. Also, in vitro experiments, quercetin displayed inhibitory role in LPS - induced ROS production, inflammatory response and apoptosis, which were linked with PI3K / AKT - regulated Caspase-3 and NF-κB activation. In conclusion, our results showed that quercetin inhibited atherosclerotic plaque development in high fructose feeding mice via PI3K / AKT activation regulated by ROS.
27919735	0	9	Quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
27919735	10	20	attenuates	T052	C0599946
27919735	21	25	high	T080	C0205250
27919735	26	34	fructose	T168	C0016452
27919735	35	42	feeding	T052	C2987508
27919735	45	52	induced	T169	C0205263
27919735	53	68	atherosclerosis	T047	C0003850
27919735	72	83	suppressing	T169	C1260953
27919735	84	96	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27919735	101	110	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27919735	115	118	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27919735	121	130	regulated	T077	C1704735
27919735	131	157	PI3K/AKT signaling pathway	T169	C2984369
27919735	158	167	Quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
27919735	173	199	dietary flavonoid compound	T109	C2348265
27919735	200	209	extracted	T167	C2828366
27919735	215	229	various plants	T002	C0032098
27919735	239	244	apple	T002	C0003625
27919735	249	255	onions	T002	C1262904
27919735	266	273	studies	T062	C2603343
27919735	279	287	revealed	T080	C0443289
27919735	292	309	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27919735	311	322	anti-cancer	T033	C0243095
27919735	324	335	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
27919735	340	365	anti-apoptotic activities	T033	C0243095
27919735	372	377	study	T062	C2603343
27919735	395	402	ability	T032	C0085732
27919735	406	415	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
27919735	419	426	inhibit	T080	C0311403
27919735	427	431	high	T080	C0205250
27919735	432	440	fructose	T168	C0016452
27919735	441	448	feeding	T052	C2987508
27919735	454	457	LPS	T109	C0023810
27919735	460	467	induced	T169	C0205263
27919735	468	483	atherosclerosis	T047	C0003850
27919735	492	502	regulating	T077	C1704735
27919735	503	519	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27919735	521	530	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27919735	535	547	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27919735	548	556	response	T032	C0871261
27919735	557	564	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27919735	569	577	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27919735	578	589	experiments	T062	C0681814
27919735	607	616	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
27919735	634	639	study	T062	C2603343
27919735	661	676	inhibitory role	T033	C0243095
27919735	680	684	high	T080	C0205250
27919735	685	693	fructose	T168	C0016452
27919735	696	703	induced	T169	C0205263
27919735	704	719	atherosclerosis	T047	C0003850
27919735	724	732	reducing	T080	C0392756
27919735	733	756	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27919735	758	761	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27919735	763	769	levels	T080	C0441889
27919735	771	780	Caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27919735	781	791	activation	T052	C1879547
27919735	793	805	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27919735	806	815	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27919735	816	825	releasing	T169	C1283071
27919735	841	878	terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase	T116,T126	C0012881
27919735	889	893	dUTP	T114	C0057470
27919735	894	911	nick end-labeling	T063	C0600528
27919735	913	918	TUNEL	T063	C0600528
27919735	921	929	positive	T033	C1446409
27919735	930	935	cells	T025	C0007634
27919735	940	948	collagen	T116	C0009325
27919735	949	957	contents	T077	C0456205
27919735	969	979	modulating	T082	C0443264
27919735	980	989	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27919735	996	1008	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27919735	1018	1037	proteins expression	T045	C1171362
27919735	1060	1078	protective effects	UnknownType	C0678771
27919735	1082	1091	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
27919735	1095	1110	atherosclerosis	T047	C0003850
27919735	1114	1145	phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases	T116,T126	C0014442
27919735	1147	1151	PI3K	T116,T126	C0014442
27919735	1154	1170	Protein kinase B	T116,T126	C0285558
27919735	1172	1175	AKT	T116,T126	C0285558
27919735	1188	1193	Bcl-2	T116,T123	C0164750
27919735	1196	1205	Caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27919735	1210	1232	nuclear factor kappa B	T116,T129	C0079904
27919735	1234	1239	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27919735	1241	1256	signal pathways	T044	C0037080
27919735	1257	1267	activation	T052	C1879547
27919735	1279	1282	AKT	T116,T126	C0285558
27919735	1287	1292	Bcl-2	T116,T123	C0164750
27919735	1293	1303	expression	T045	C1171362
27919735	1308	1316	reducing	T080	C0392756
27919735	1317	1326	Caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27919735	1331	1336	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27919735	1337	1347	activation	T052	C1879547
27919735	1349	1358	Quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
27919735	1359	1366	reduced	T080	C0392756
27919735	1371	1393	atherosclerotic plaque	T031	C2936350
27919735	1399	1406	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27919735	1410	1414	high	T080	C0205250
27919735	1415	1423	fructose	T168	C0016452
27919735	1424	1431	feeding	T052	C2987508
27919735	1434	1441	induced	T169	C0205263
27919735	1442	1446	mice	T015	C0025929
27919735	1447	1455	assessed	T052	C1516048
27919735	1459	1468	oil red O	T059	C1294000
27919735	1476	1484	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27919735	1485	1496	experiments	T062	C0681814
27919735	1498	1507	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
27919735	1518	1533	inhibitory role	T033	C0243095
27919735	1537	1540	LPS	T109	C0023810
27919735	1543	1550	induced	T169	C0205263
27919735	1551	1554	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
27919735	1567	1588	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27919735	1593	1602	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27919735	1627	1631	PI3K	T116,T126	C0014442
27919735	1634	1637	AKT	T116,T126	C0285558
27919735	1640	1649	regulated	T077	C1704735
27919735	1650	1659	Caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27919735	1664	1669	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27919735	1670	1680	activation	T052	C1879547
27919735	1701	1708	results	T169	C1274040
27919735	1721	1730	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
27919735	1731	1740	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27919735	1741	1763	atherosclerotic plaque	T031	C2936350
27919735	1764	1775	development	T169	C1527148
27919735	1779	1783	high	T080	C0205250
27919735	1784	1792	fructose	T168	C0016452
27919735	1793	1800	feeding	T052	C2987508
27919735	1801	1805	mice	T015	C0025929
27919735	1810	1814	PI3K	T116,T126	C0014442
27919735	1817	1820	AKT	T116,T126	C0285558
27919735	1821	1831	activation	T052	C1879547
27919735	1832	1841	regulated	T077	C1704735
27919735	1845	1848	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772

27920091|t|Interferon-γ Limits Diabetogenic CD8(+) T-Cell Effector Responses in Type 1 Diabetes
27920091|a|Type 1 diabetes development in the NOD mouse model is widely reported to be dependent on high - level production by autoreactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), generally considered a proinflammatory cytokine. However, IFN-γ can also participate in tolerance-induction pathways, indicating it is not solely proinflammatory. This study addresses how IFN-γ can suppress activation of diabetogenic CD8(+) T cells. CD8(+) T cells transgenically expressing the diabetogenic AI4 T-cell receptor adoptively transferred disease to otherwise unmanipulated NOD. IFN-γ (null), but not standard NOD, mice. AI4 T cells only underwent vigorous intrasplenic proliferation in NOD. IFN-γ (null) recipients. Disease -protective IFN-γ could be derived from any lymphocyte source and suppressed diabetogenic CD8(+) T-cell responses both directly and through an intermediary nonlymphoid cell population. Suppression was not dependent on regulatory T cells, but was associated with increased inhibitory STAT1 to STAT4 expression levels in pathogenic AI4 T cells. Importantly, IFN-γ exposure during activation reduced the cytotoxicity of human-origin type 1 diabetes - relevant autoreactive CD8(+) T cells. Collectively, these results indicate that rather than marking the most proinflammatory lymphocytes in diabetes development, IFN-γ production could represent an attempted limitation of pathogenic CD8(+) T-cell activation. Thus, great care should be taken when designing possible diabetic intervention approaches modulating IFN-γ production.
27920091	0	12	Interferon-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	13	19	Limits	T169	C0439801
27920091	20	55	Diabetogenic CD8(+) T-Cell Effector	T025	C0242629
27920091	69	84	Type 1 Diabetes	T047	C0011854
27920091	85	100	Type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
27920091	101	112	development	T169	C1527148
27920091	120	135	NOD mouse model	T050	C2986594
27920091	161	170	dependent	T080	C1701901
27920091	174	178	high	T080	C0205250
27920091	181	186	level	T080	C0441889
27920091	187	197	production	T169	C0205245
27920091	201	213	autoreactive	T080	C0205332
27920091	214	220	CD4(+)	T025	C0039215
27920091	225	239	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
27920091	243	255	interferon-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	257	262	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	275	285	considered	T078	C0750591
27920091	288	303	proinflammatory	T169	C0333348
27920091	304	312	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27920091	323	328	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	338	349	participate	T169	C0679823
27920091	353	372	tolerance-induction	T038	C1817959
27920091	373	381	pathways	T044	C1704259
27920091	383	393	indicating	T078	C3146298
27920091	400	403	not	T169	C1518422
27920091	404	410	solely	T081	C0205171
27920091	411	426	proinflammatory	T169	C0333348
27920091	453	458	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	463	471	suppress	T169	C1260953
27920091	472	482	activation	T043	C1326120
27920091	486	513	diabetogenic CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
27920091	515	529	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
27920091	530	555	transgenically expressing	T045	C1171362
27920091	560	572	diabetogenic	T047	C0011847
27920091	573	576	AI4	T047	C1863012
27920091	577	592	T-cell receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
27920091	604	615	transferred	T080	C0332261
27920091	616	623	disease	T047	C0012634
27920091	637	654	unmanipulated NOD	T015	C0085243
27920091	656	661	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	687	696	NOD, mice	T015	C0085243
27920091	698	701	AI4	T047	C1863012
27920091	702	709	T cells	T025	C0039194
27920091	734	746	intrasplenic	T082	C1254362
27920091	747	760	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27920091	764	767	NOD	T015	C0085243
27920091	769	774	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	776	780	null	T169	C0332197
27920091	794	801	Disease	T047	C0012634
27920091	814	819	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	829	836	derived	T080	C1441547
27920091	846	856	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
27920091	868	878	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27920091	879	905	diabetogenic CD8(+) T-cell	T025	C0242629
27920091	906	915	responses	T043	C0007613
27920091	958	969	nonlymphoid	T024	C0040300
27920091	970	985	cell population	T025	C0007634
27920091	1031	1038	T cells	T025	C0039194
27920091	1048	1063	associated with	T080	C0332281
27920091	1064	1073	increased	T081	C0205217
27920091	1074	1084	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27920091	1085	1090	STAT1	T116,T123	C0287920
27920091	1094	1099	STAT4	T116,T123	C0255034
27920091	1100	1110	expression	T045	C1171362
27920091	1111	1117	levels	T080	C0441889
27920091	1121	1131	pathogenic	T169	C0543483
27920091	1132	1135	AI4	T047	C1863012
27920091	1136	1143	T cells	T025	C0039194
27920091	1158	1163	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	1173	1179	during	T079	C0347984
27920091	1180	1190	activation	T043	C1326120
27920091	1191	1198	reduced	T080	C0392756
27920091	1203	1215	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27920091	1219	1231	human-origin	T077	C4287933
27920091	1232	1247	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
27920091	1250	1258	relevant	T080	C2347946
27920091	1259	1271	autoreactive	T080	C0205332
27920091	1272	1286	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
27920091	1308	1315	results	T169	C1274040
27920091	1316	1324	indicate	T078	C3146298
27920091	1359	1374	proinflammatory	T169	C0333348
27920091	1375	1386	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
27920091	1390	1398	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27920091	1399	1410	development	T169	C1527148
27920091	1412	1417	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	1418	1428	production	T169	C0205245
27920091	1435	1444	represent	T052	C1882932
27920091	1458	1468	limitation	T169	C0449295
27920091	1472	1482	pathogenic	T169	C0543483
27920091	1483	1496	CD8(+) T-cell	T025	C0242629
27920091	1497	1507	activation	T043	C1326120
27920091	1515	1520	great	T081	C1704243
27920091	1521	1525	care	T061	C0150544
27920091	1547	1556	designing	T052	C1707689
27920091	1566	1574	diabetic	T047	C0011847
27920091	1575	1587	intervention	T061	C0184661
27920091	1588	1598	approaches	T082	C0449445
27920091	1599	1609	modulating	T082	C0443264
27920091	1610	1615	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
27920091	1616	1626	production	T169	C0205245

27920399|t|Anticoagulation for stroke prevention in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: what are the obstacles?
27920399|a|The elderly with atrial fibrillation are more prone to stroke. Oral anticoagulants such as warfarin are effective in the prevention of atrial fibrillation -associated stroke and systemic embolism. The CHADS2 or CHA2D2-VASc score and HAS-BLED score were developed to stratify stroke risk associated with atrial fibrillation and bleeding risk in a patient with atrial fibrillation, respectively, to facilitate the decision for and safe use of oral anticoagulant. Nonetheless, the decision for anticoagulation is not straightforward and the elderly with non-valvular atrial fibrillation are often precluded from anticoagulant prescription. Advanced age and disadvantages associated with the elderly such as fall, comorbidities, cognitive impairment, and polypharmacy contribute to the over-concern of physicians about bleeding risk. Various treatment options such as low-intensity warfarin and aspirin plus clopidogrel have been suggested but are inferior to dose-adjusted warfarin. Novel oral anticoagulants with promising efficacy and convenience hold great appeal. Optimal management of underlying medical conditions and modifiable stroke risk factors, together with intervention to improve the safe use of oral anticoagulants, are useful.
27920399	0	15	Anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
27920399	20	37	stroke prevention	T061	C1277289
27920399	41	48	elderly	T098	C0001792
27920399	49	57	patients	T101	C0030705
27920399	63	75	non-valvular	T033	C0243095
27920399	76	95	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27920399	125	132	elderly	T098	C0001792
27920399	138	157	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27920399	176	182	stroke	T047	C0038454
27920399	184	203	Oral anticoagulants	T109,T121	C0354604
27920399	212	220	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27920399	225	234	effective	T080	C1704419
27920399	242	252	prevention	T061	C0199176
27920399	256	275	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27920399	288	294	stroke	T047	C0038454
27920399	299	316	systemic embolism	UnknownType	C0149876
27920399	322	328	CHADS2	T170	C2585876
27920399	332	349	CHA2D2-VASc score	T170	C4049268
27920399	354	368	HAS-BLED score	T170	C3875442
27920399	396	402	stroke	T047	C0038454
27920399	403	407	risk	T033	C0035648
27920399	408	423	associated with	T080	C0332281
27920399	424	443	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27920399	448	461	bleeding risk	T033	C3251812
27920399	467	474	patient	T101	C0030705
27920399	480	499	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27920399	550	558	safe use	T080	C0678800
27920399	562	580	oral anticoagulant	T109,T121	C0354604
27920399	612	627	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
27920399	659	666	elderly	T098	C0001792
27920399	672	704	non-valvular atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27920399	730	756	anticoagulant prescription	T061	C0199242
27920399	789	804	associated with	T080	C0332281
27920399	809	816	elderly	T098	C0001792
27920399	825	829	fall	T033	C0085639
27920399	831	844	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27920399	846	866	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27920399	872	884	polypharmacy	T033	C2922974
27920399	919	929	physicians	T097	C0031831
27920399	936	949	bleeding risk	T033	C3251812
27920399	959	968	treatment	T061	C0087111
27920399	999	1007	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27920399	1012	1019	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27920399	1020	1036	plus clopidogrel	T109,T121	C4255919
27920399	1065	1073	inferior	T082	C0542339
27920399	1077	1090	dose-adjusted	T081	C0178602
27920399	1091	1099	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
27920399	1107	1126	oral anticoagulants	T109,T121	C0354604
27920399	1132	1150	promising efficacy	T080	C1280519
27920399	1186	1193	Optimal	T080	C2698651
27920399	1219	1237	medical conditions	T058	C1254363
27920399	1253	1259	stroke	T047	C0038454
27920399	1260	1272	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27920399	1288	1300	intervention	T061	C0184661
27920399	1316	1324	safe use	T080	C0678800
27920399	1328	1347	oral anticoagulants	T109,T121	C0354604

27920607|t|Description of the first species of Fiorianteon Olmi (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from the Afrotropical region
27920607|a|Fiorianteon sulcatumsp. n. is described from Fianarantsoa Province (Madagascar). It is the first species of Fiorianteon found in the Afrotropical region. The genus Fiorianteon can be distinguished from the closely related genus Conganteon by the distal part of the stigmal vein, which is as long as, or shorter than the proximal part of the stigmal vein (longer than the proximal part of the vein in Conganteon).
27920607	25	32	species	T185	C1705920
27920607	36	52	Fiorianteon Olmi	T204	C0684063
27920607	54	65	Hymenoptera	T204	C0020415
27920607	67	76	Dryinidae	T204	C1191214
27920607	87	106	Afrotropical region	T083	C0017446
27920607	107	129	Fiorianteon sulcatumsp	T204	C0684063
27920607	152	173	Fianarantsoa Province	T083	C0017446
27920607	175	185	Madagascar	T083	C0024443
27920607	204	211	species	T185	C1705920
27920607	215	226	Fiorianteon	T204	C0684063
27920607	240	259	Afrotropical region	T083	C0017446
27920607	265	270	genus	T185	C1708235
27920607	271	282	Fiorianteon	T204	C0684063
27920607	329	334	genus	T185	C1708235
27920607	335	345	Conganteon	T204	C0684063
27920607	353	359	distal	T082	C0205108
27920607	372	384	stigmal vein	T023	C0042449
27920607	398	402	long	T080	C0205166
27920607	410	417	shorter	T033	C0424641
27920607	427	435	proximal	T082	C0205107
27920607	448	460	stigmal vein	T023	C0042449
27920607	478	486	proximal	T082	C0205107
27920607	499	503	vein	T023	C0042449
27920607	507	517	Conganteon	T204	C0684063

27920636|t|Identifying CNVs in 15q11q13 and 16p11.2 of Patients with Seizures Increases the Rates of Detecting Pathogenic Changes
27920636|a|Chromosomal changes are frequently observed in patients with syndromic seizures. Understanding the genetic etiology of this pathology is crucial for the guidance and genetic counseling of families as well as for the establishment of appropriate treatment. A combination of MLPA kits was used to identify pathogenic CNVs in a group of 70 syndromic patients with seizures. Initially, a screening was performed for subtelomeric changes (MLPA P036 and P070 kits) and for the regions most frequently related to microdeletion / microduplication syndromes (MLPA P064). Subsequently, the MLPA P343 was used to identify alterations in the 15q11q13, 16p11.2, and 22q13 regions. Screening with MLPA P343 allowed a 10-15.7% increase in the detection rate of CNVs reinforcing the importance of investigating changes in 15q11q13 and 16p11.2 in syndromic patients with seizures. We also demonstrated that the MLPA technique is an alternative with a great diagnostic potential, and we proposed its use as part of the initial assessment of syndromic patients with seizures.
27920636	12	16	CNVs	T039	C0009850
27920636	20	28	15q11q13	T026	C1953345
27920636	33	40	16p11.2	T026	C1520678
27920636	44	52	Patients	T101	C0030705
27920636	58	66	Seizures	T184	C0036572
27920636	67	76	Increases	T169	C0442805
27920636	81	86	Rates	T081	C1521828
27920636	90	99	Detecting	T061	C1511790
27920636	100	110	Pathogenic	T169	C0543483
27920636	111	118	Changes	T169	C0392747
27920636	119	138	Chromosomal changes	UnknownType	C0544871
27920636	166	174	patients	T101	C0030705
27920636	180	198	syndromic seizures	T184	C0036572
27920636	218	234	genetic etiology	T169	C1314792
27920636	243	252	pathology	T046	C0677042
27920636	272	280	guidance	T201	C3854153
27920636	285	303	genetic counseling	T061	C0017382
27920636	307	315	families	T099	C0015576
27920636	335	348	establishment	T061	C0511063
27920636	352	373	appropriate treatment	T201	C3640049
27920636	377	388	combination	T080	C0205195
27920636	392	401	MLPA kits	T063	C3494189
27920636	423	433	pathogenic	T169	C0543483
27920636	434	438	CNVs	T039	C0009850
27920636	444	449	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27920636	456	474	syndromic patients	T101	C0030705
27920636	480	488	seizures	T184	C0036572
27920636	503	512	screening	T058	C0220908
27920636	531	543	subtelomeric	T026	C1953345
27920636	544	551	changes	T169	C0392747
27920636	553	562	MLPA P036	T063	C3494189
27920636	567	576	P070 kits	T063	C3494189
27920636	590	597	regions	T026	C1953345
27920636	625	638	microdeletion	T047	C1954751
27920636	641	667	microduplication syndromes	T047	C0039082
27920636	669	678	MLPA P064	T063	C3494189
27920636	699	708	MLPA P343	T063	C3494189
27920636	730	741	alterations	UnknownType	C0544871
27920636	749	757	15q11q13	T026	C1953345
27920636	759	766	16p11.2	T026	C1520678
27920636	772	785	22q13 regions	T026	C1521113
27920636	787	796	Screening	T058	C0220908
27920636	802	811	MLPA P343	T063	C3494189
27920636	831	839	increase	T169	C0442805
27920636	847	856	detection	T061	C1511790
27920636	857	861	rate	T081	C1521828
27920636	865	869	CNVs	T039	C0009850
27920636	900	913	investigating	T169	C1292732
27920636	914	921	changes	UnknownType	C0544871
27920636	925	933	15q11q13	T026	C1953345
27920636	938	945	16p11.2	T026	C1520678
27920636	949	967	syndromic patients	T101	C0030705
27920636	973	981	seizures	T184	C0036572
27920636	1013	1027	MLPA technique	T063	C3494189
27920636	1034	1045	alternative	T077	C1523987
27920636	1059	1069	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27920636	1070	1079	potential	T080	C3245505
27920636	1120	1138	initial assessment	T033	C0150637
27920636	1142	1160	syndromic patients	T101	C0030705
27920636	1166	1174	seizures	T184	C0036572

27920749|t|Reappraisal Modulates Attentional Bias to Angry Faces
27920749|a|Heightened attentional bias to emotional information is one of the main characteristics of disorders related to emotion dysregulation such as anxiety, depression, and substance abuse. Although reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, is known to effectively modulate subjective experience of emotions, it remains unknown whether reappraisal can alter attentional biases to emotional information. In the current research, we investigated the influence of instruction-induced state reappraisal (Study 1) and trait reappraisal (Study 2) on attentional biases to happy and angry faces. In Study 1, healthy young women were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the three groups: up -, down -, and no-regulation. Participants were instructed to reappraise their emotions to increase and decrease emotional experience while viewing an emotionally negative film clip. Attentional bias was assessed with a dot-probe task with pictures of angry and happy facial expressions. In Study 2, a separate group of healthy young men and women participated. Participants ' trait reappraisal and suppression as well as state and trait anxiety were assessed. A dot-probe task was completed by all participants. Statistical tests in Study 1 revealed that participants who reappraised to decrease negative emotions while viewing an emotionally negative film clip had reduced attentional bias to subsequently presented angry faces compared to participants who reappraised to increase negative emotions. Multiple regression analyses in Study 2 revealed that trait reappraisal predicted slower orienting toward angry faces, whereas state anxiety predicted slower disengagement from angry faces. Interestingly, trait suppression predicted slower disengagement from happy faces. Taken together, these results suggest that both instruction-induced state reappraisal and trait reappraisal are linked to reduced attentional bias to negative information and contribute to better understanding of how everyday emotion regulation styles contribute to attentional processing of emotional information.
27920749	0	11	Reappraisal	T058	C1254363
27920749	22	38	Attentional Bias	T041	C4277667
27920749	42	47	Angry	T041	C0002957
27920749	42	53	Angry Faces	T033	C0015457
27920749	65	81	attentional bias	T041	C4277667
27920749	85	94	emotional	T033	C0849912
27920749	95	106	information	T078	C1533716
27920749	145	154	disorders	T047	C0012634
27920749	166	173	emotion	T041	C0013987
27920749	174	187	dysregulation	T048	C0004936
27920749	196	203	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27920749	205	215	depression	T048	C0011570
27920749	221	236	substance abuse	T048	C0740858
27920749	247	258	reappraisal	T058	C1254363
27920749	263	281	emotion regulation	T041	C2370884
27920749	282	290	strategy	T041	C0679199
27920749	325	346	subjective experience	T041	C0596545
27920749	350	358	emotions	T041	C0013987
27920749	387	398	reappraisal	T058	C1254363
27920749	409	427	attentional biases	T041	C4277667
27920749	431	440	emotional	T033	C0849912
27920749	441	452	information	T078	C1533716
27920749	469	477	research	T062	C0035168
27920749	482	494	investigated	T169	C1292732
27920749	512	549	instruction-induced state reappraisal	T058	C1254363
27920749	551	558	Study 1	T062	C2603343
27920749	564	581	trait reappraisal	T058	C1254363
27920749	583	590	Study 2	T062	C2603343
27920749	595	613	attentional biases	T041	C4277667
27920749	617	622	happy	T033	C3280055
27920749	627	632	angry	T041	C0002957
27920749	627	638	angry faces	T033	C0015457
27920749	643	650	Study 1	T062	C2603343
27920749	652	659	healthy	T080	C3898900
27920749	660	671	young women	T098	C0043210
27920749	729	735	groups	T078	C0441833
27920749	737	739	up	T078	C0441833
27920749	743	747	down	T078	C0441833
27920749	755	768	no-regulation	T078	C0441833
27920749	770	782	Participants	T098	C0679646
27920749	802	812	reappraise	T058	C1254363
27920749	819	827	emotions	T041	C0013987
27920749	853	862	emotional	T033	C0849912
27920749	863	873	experience	T041	C0596545
27920749	891	921	emotionally negative film clip	T170	C0282574
27920749	923	939	Attentional bias	T041	C4277667
27920749	960	974	dot-probe task	T061	C0039333
27920749	980	988	pictures	T073	C0441469
27920749	992	997	angry	T041	C0002957
27920749	1002	1007	happy	T041	C0018592
27920749	1008	1026	facial expressions	T033	C0015457
27920749	1031	1038	Study 2	T062	C2603343
27920749	1051	1056	group	T078	C0441833
27920749	1060	1067	healthy	T080	C3898900
27920749	1068	1077	young men	T098	C0025266
27920749	1082	1087	women	T098	C0043210
27920749	1102	1114	Participants	T098	C0679646
27920749	1117	1134	trait reappraisal	T058	C1254363
27920749	1139	1150	suppression	T041	C0728721
27920749	1162	1167	state	T048	C0700613
27920749	1172	1185	trait anxiety	T033	C0003467
27920749	1203	1217	dot-probe task	T061	C0039333
27920749	1239	1251	participants	T098	C0679646
27920749	1253	1270	Statistical tests	T170	C0237913
27920749	1274	1281	Study 1	T062	C2603343
27920749	1296	1308	participants	T098	C0679646
27920749	1313	1324	reappraised	T058	C1254363
27920749	1337	1354	negative emotions	T041	C0013987
27920749	1372	1402	emotionally negative film clip	T170	C0282574
27920749	1415	1431	attentional bias	T041	C4277667
27920749	1458	1463	angry	T041	C0002957
27920749	1458	1469	angry faces	T033	C0015457
27920749	1470	1478	compared	T052	C1707455
27920749	1482	1494	participants	T098	C0679646
27920749	1499	1510	reappraised	T058	C1254363
27920749	1523	1540	negative emotions	T041	C0013987
27920749	1542	1570	Multiple regression analyses	T170	C0034980
27920749	1574	1581	Study 2	T062	C2603343
27920749	1596	1613	trait reappraisal	T058	C1254363
27920749	1648	1653	angry	T041	C0002957
27920749	1648	1659	angry faces	T033	C0015457
27920749	1669	1682	state anxiety	T048	C0700613
27920749	1700	1713	disengagement	T052	C0441655
27920749	1719	1724	angry	T041	C0002957
27920749	1719	1730	angry faces	T033	C0015457
27920749	1747	1764	trait suppression	T041	C0728721
27920749	1782	1795	disengagement	T052	C0441655
27920749	1801	1812	happy faces	T033	C3280055
27920749	1862	1899	instruction-induced state reappraisal	T058	C1254363
27920749	1904	1921	trait reappraisal	T058	C1254363
27920749	1944	1960	attentional bias	T041	C4277667
27920749	1964	1972	negative	T033	C0205160
27920749	1973	1984	information	T078	C1533716
27920749	2040	2058	emotion regulation	T041	C2370884
27920749	2106	2115	emotional	T033	C0849912
27920749	2116	2127	information	T078	C1533716

27920947|t|The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy Scripts: Poha Berry (Physalis peruviana) with Potential Anti-inflammatory and Cancer Prevention Activities
27920947|a|The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, during a historic event in Spring 2016, graduated the first two students in the Pacific region to earn a PhD in pharmaceutical sciences at the University of Hawai'i at Hilo. The college offers PhD programs in these five disciplines: Cancer Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutics, Pharmacognosy, and Pharmacology. One of the Pharmacognosy dissertations focused on plant-derived natural products with potential anti-inflammatory and cancer chemopreventive activities. Physalis peruviana (Pp) L. originated in tropical South America. It has become naturalized and is found readily on the Island of Hawai'i. The edible fruits are commonly known as cape gooseberry or poha in Hawai'i. In part of our study, three new withanolides, physaperuvin G (1), physaperuvins I-J (2-3), along with four known withanolides, namely, 4β-hydroxywithanolide E (4), withaperuvin C (5), and physalactone (6), coagulin (7) were isolated from the aerial parts of P. peruviana. In addition, two known compounds, phyperunolide F (8), and withanolide S (9), were isolated and identified from the poha berry fruits. The structures and absolute stereochemistry of new compounds from poha were elucidated by several spectroscopy methods: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mass spectrometry analyses. All isolated poha compounds (aerial parts and fruits) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)-activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) with transfected human embryonic kidney cells 293. Most of the isolated natural compounds showed activity with these assays. Additional studies were performed with models of colon cancer. Specifically, 4β-hydroxywithanolide E (4HWE) inhibited the growth of colon cancer monolayer and spheroid cultures. The compound induced cell cycle arrest at low concentrations and apoptosis at higher concentrations. These data suggest the ingestion of poha berries may have some effect on the prevalence of colon cancer. Additionally, poha isolates compounds were evaluated for their growth inhibitory effects with U251MG glioblastoma and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that harbor aberrantly-active signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3), compared to normal NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts. This work has led to the filing of three provisional patents with the University of Hawai'i Office of Technology Transfer and Economic Development.
27920947	0	48	The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy Scripts	T170	C0871893
27920947	50	60	Poha Berry	T168	C0016767
27920947	62	80	Physalis peruviana	T002	C0331245
27920947	87	96	Potential	T080	C3245505
27920947	97	114	Anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27920947	119	136	Cancer Prevention	T061	C0281206
27920947	137	147	Activities	T052	C0441655
27920947	148	188	The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy	T073,T093	C0036381
27920947	199	213	historic event	T051	C0441471
27920947	217	223	Spring	T079	C0241232
27920947	230	239	graduated	T098	C0588053
27920947	254	262	students	T098	C0038492
27920947	270	284	Pacific region	T083	C0017446
27920947	295	298	PhD	T170	C1512022
27920947	302	325	pharmaceutical sciences	T091	C0031336
27920947	333	354	University of Hawai'i	T073,T092	C0041740
27920947	358	362	Hilo	T083	C0017446
27920947	368	375	college	T073,T093	C0036381
27920947	383	386	PhD	T170	C1512022
27920947	387	395	programs	T169	C3484370
27920947	410	421	disciplines	T090	C1518533
27920947	423	437	Cancer Biology	T091	C1516164
27920947	439	458	Medicinal Chemistry	T091	C0008003
27920947	460	473	Pharmaceutics	T062	C4277728
27920947	475	488	Pharmacognosy	T091	C0031326
27920947	494	506	Pharmacology	T091	C0031330
27920947	519	532	Pharmacognosy	T091	C0031326
27920947	533	546	dissertations	T073,T170	C0376645
27920947	558	571	plant-derived	T002	C0032098
27920947	572	588	natural products	T123	C1566558
27920947	594	603	potential	T080	C3245505
27920947	604	621	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27920947	626	632	cancer	T191	C0006826
27920947	633	648	chemopreventive	T080	C3273128
27920947	649	659	activities	T052	C0441655
27920947	661	679	Physalis peruviana	T002	C0331245
27920947	681	683	Pp	T002	C0331245
27920947	711	724	South America	T083	C0037713
27920947	740	751	naturalized	T169	C0205296
27920947	780	797	Island of Hawai'i	T083	C0017446
27920947	803	809	edible	T168	C0032099
27920947	810	816	fruits	T168	C0016767
27920947	839	854	cape gooseberry	T002	C0331245
27920947	858	862	poha	T002	C0331245
27920947	866	873	Hawai'i	T083	C0017446
27920947	907	919	withanolides	T109	C1955897
27920947	921	935	physaperuvin G	T121	C1254351
27920947	941	958	physaperuvins I-J	T121	C1254351
27920947	988	1000	withanolides	T109	C1955897
27920947	1010	1033	4β-hydroxywithanolide E	T121	C1254351
27920947	1039	1053	withaperuvin C	T121	C1254351
27920947	1063	1075	physalactone	T121	C1254351
27920947	1081	1089	coagulin	T121	C1254351
27920947	1099	1107	isolated	T169	C0205409
27920947	1117	1129	aerial parts	T002	C1136056
27920947	1133	1145	P. peruviana	T002	C0331245
27920947	1170	1179	compounds	T103	C1706082
27920947	1181	1196	phyperunolide F	T121	C1254351
27920947	1206	1219	withanolide S	T121	C1254351
27920947	1230	1238	isolated	T169	C0205409
27920947	1263	1280	poha berry fruits	T168	C0016767
27920947	1286	1296	structures	T082	C0678594
27920947	1301	1325	absolute stereochemistry	T082	C2350023
27920947	1348	1352	poha	T002	C0331245
27920947	1380	1400	spectroscopy methods	T169	C2984732
27920947	1402	1447	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy	T060	C0877853
27920947	1449	1466	X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
27920947	1472	1489	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27920947	1490	1498	analyses	T062	C0936012
27920947	1504	1512	isolated	T169	C0205409
27920947	1513	1517	poha	T002	C0331245
27920947	1518	1527	compounds	T103	C1706082
27920947	1529	1541	aerial parts	T002	C1136056
27920947	1546	1552	fruits	T168	C0016767
27920947	1579	1605	anti-inflammatory activity	T080	C1515999
27920947	1611	1629	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27920947	1631	1634	LPS	T109	C0023810
27920947	1646	1652	murine	T015	C0026809
27920947	1653	1679	macrophage RAW 264.7 cells	T025	C4042840
27920947	1685	1712	tumor necrosis factor alpha	T116,T129	C0041368
27920947	1714	1719	TNF-α	T116,T129	C0041368
27920947	1731	1753	nuclear factor-kappa B	T116,T129	C0079904
27920947	1755	1760	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27920947	1779	1811	human embryonic kidney cells 293	T025	C2936239
27920947	1825	1833	isolated	T169	C0205409
27920947	1834	1851	natural compounds	T123	C1566558
27920947	1859	1867	activity	T169	C0205177
27920947	1879	1885	assays	T059	C0005507
27920947	1926	1932	models	T170	C3161035
27920947	1936	1948	colon cancer	T191	C0007102
27920947	1964	1987	4β-hydroxywithanolide E	T121	C1254351
27920947	1989	1993	4HWE	T121	C1254351
27920947	1995	2004	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27920947	2009	2015	growth	T040	C0018270
27920947	2019	2031	colon cancer	T191	C0007102
27920947	2032	2041	monolayer	T059	C0007585
27920947	2046	2054	spheroid	T025	C0282501
27920947	2055	2063	cultures	T059	C0007585
27920947	2069	2077	compound	T103	C1706082
27920947	2078	2085	induced	T169	C0205263
27920947	2086	2103	cell cycle arrest	T043	C1155873
27920947	2107	2125	low concentrations	T081	C1446561
27920947	2130	2139	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27920947	2143	2164	higher concentrations	T081	C1446561
27920947	2172	2176	data	T078	C1511726
27920947	2189	2198	ingestion	T038	C0232478
27920947	2202	2214	poha berries	T168	C0016767
27920947	2257	2269	colon cancer	T191	C0007102
27920947	2285	2289	poha	T168	C0016452
27920947	2290	2308	isolates compounds	T103	C1706082
27920947	2334	2359	growth inhibitory effects	T039	C1512280
27920947	2365	2384	U251MG glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
27920947	2389	2419	MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells	T050	C3898556
27920947	2450	2509	signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3)	T116,T123	C0253050
27920947	2530	2555	NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts	T025	C1257739
27920947	2598	2617	provisional patents	T170	C0030650
27920947	2627	2703	University of Hawai'i Office of Technology Transfer and Economic Development	T073,T092	C0041740

27921269|t|Graded Structure in Sexual Definitions: Categorizations of Having " Had Sex " and Virginity Loss Among Homosexual and Heterosexual Men and Women
27921269|a|Definitions of sexual behavior display a robust hierarchy of agreement regarding whether or not acts should be classed as, for example, sex or virginity loss. The current research offers a theoretical explanation for this hierarchy, proposing that sexual definitions display graded categorical structure, arising from goodness of membership judgments. Moderation of this graded structure is also predicted, with the focus here on how sexual orientation identity affects sexual definitions. A total of 300 18- to 30- year -old participants completed an online survey, rating 18 behaviors for how far each constitutes having " had sex " and virginity loss. Participants fell into one of four groups: heterosexual male or female, gay male or lesbian. The predicted ratings hierarchy emerged, in which bidirectional genital acts were rated significantly higher than unidirectional or nonpenetrative contact, which was in turn rated significantly higher than acts involving no genital contact. Moderation of graded structure was also in line with predictions. Compared to the other groups, the lesbian group significantly upgraded ratings of genital contact that was either unidirectional or nonpenetrative. There was also evidence of upgrading by the gay male sample of anal intercourse ratings. These effects are theorized to reflect group -level variation in experience, contextual perspective, and identity -management. The implications of the findings in relation to previous research are discussed. It is suggested that a graded structure approach can greatly benefit future research into sexual definitions, by permitting variable definitions to be predicted and explained, rather than merely identified.
27921269	0	16	Graded Structure	T185	C0008902
27921269	20	26	Sexual	T053	C0036864
27921269	27	38	Definitions	T170	C1704788
27921269	40	55	Categorizations	T185	C0008902
27921269	68	75	Had Sex	T033	C0243095
27921269	82	91	Virginity	T055	C0282349
27921269	92	96	Loss	T169	C0745777
27921269	103	113	Homosexual	T098	C0019898
27921269	118	130	Heterosexual	T098	C1527360
27921269	131	134	Men	T098	C0025266
27921269	139	144	Women	T098	C0043210
27921269	145	156	Definitions	T170	C1704788
27921269	160	175	sexual behavior	T053	C0036864
27921269	193	202	hierarchy	T080	C0019523
27921269	241	245	acts	T052	C0441655
27921269	281	284	sex	T040	C0009253
27921269	288	297	virginity	T055	C0282349
27921269	298	302	loss	T169	C0745777
27921269	316	324	research	T062	C0035168
27921269	334	345	theoretical	T078	C0871935
27921269	346	357	explanation	T170	C0681841
27921269	367	376	hierarchy	T080	C0019523
27921269	393	399	sexual	T053	C0036864
27921269	400	411	definitions	T170	C1704788
27921269	420	448	graded categorical structure	T185	C0008902
27921269	475	485	membership	T055	C0680038
27921269	486	495	judgments	T041	C0022423
27921269	497	507	Moderation	T080	C1881878
27921269	516	532	graded structure	T185	C0008902
27921269	579	597	sexual orientation	T032	C0205949
27921269	598	606	identity	T041	C0424215
27921269	615	621	sexual	T053	C0036864
27921269	622	633	definitions	T170	C1704788
27921269	661	665	year	T079	C1510829
27921269	671	683	participants	T098	C0679646
27921269	697	710	online survey	T170	C0038951
27921269	712	718	rating	T052	C0871208
27921269	722	731	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27921269	770	777	had sex	T033	C0243095
27921269	784	793	virginity	T055	C0282349
27921269	794	798	loss	T169	C0745777
27921269	800	812	Participants	T098	C0679646
27921269	835	841	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27921269	843	855	heterosexual	T098	C1527360
27921269	856	860	male	T098	C0025266
27921269	864	870	female	T098	C0043210
27921269	872	880	gay male	T098	C0242657
27921269	884	891	lesbian	T098	C1533642
27921269	907	914	ratings	T052	C0871208
27921269	915	924	hierarchy	T080	C0019523
27921269	943	969	bidirectional genital acts	T053	C0036864
27921269	975	980	rated	T052	C0871208
27921269	995	1001	higher	T080	C0205250
27921269	1007	1021	unidirectional	T053	C0036864
27921269	1025	1047	nonpenetrative contact	T033	C0563018
27921269	1067	1072	rated	T052	C0871208
27921269	1087	1093	higher	T080	C0205250
27921269	1099	1103	acts	T052	C0441655
27921269	1114	1132	no genital contact	T033	C0243095
27921269	1134	1144	Moderation	T080	C1881878
27921269	1148	1164	graded structure	T185	C0008902
27921269	1187	1198	predictions	T078	C0681842
27921269	1222	1228	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
27921269	1234	1247	lesbian group	UnknownType	C0681860
27921269	1271	1278	ratings	T052	C0871208
27921269	1282	1297	genital contact	T053	C0036864
27921269	1314	1328	unidirectional	T053	C0036864
27921269	1332	1346	nonpenetrative	T033	C0563018
27921269	1363	1371	evidence	T078	C3887511
27921269	1392	1400	gay male	T098	C0242657
27921269	1411	1427	anal intercourse	T054	C0556628
27921269	1428	1435	ratings	T052	C0871208
27921269	1443	1450	effects	T080	C1280500
27921269	1476	1481	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27921269	1489	1498	variation	T080	C0205419
27921269	1502	1512	experience	T041	C0596545
27921269	1514	1536	contextual perspective	T041	C0004271
27921269	1542	1550	identity	T041	C0424215
27921269	1568	1580	implications	T078	C3146298
27921269	1588	1596	findings	T033	C0243095
27921269	1621	1629	research	T062	C0035168
27921269	1668	1684	graded structure	T185	C0008902
27921269	1706	1713	benefit	T081	C0814225
27921269	1721	1729	research	T062	C0035168
27921269	1735	1741	sexual	T053	C0036864
27921269	1742	1753	definitions	T170	C1704788
27921269	1778	1789	definitions	T170	C1704788

27921401|t|Effects of soybean isoflavone on intestinal antioxidant capacity and cytokines in young piglets fed oxidized fish oil
27921401|a|To investigate the effect of glycitein, a synthetic soybean isoflavone (ISF), on the intestinal antioxidant capacity, morphology, and cytokine content in young piglets fed oxidized fish oil, 72 4-d-old male piglets were assigned to three treatments. The control group was fed a basal diet containing fresh fish oil, and the other two groups received the same diet except for the substitution with the same dosage of oxidized fish oil alone or with ISF (oxidized fish oil plus ISF). After 21 d of feeding, supplementation of oxidized fish oil increased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NO, and Caspase-3 in jejunal mucosa, and decreased the villous height in duodenum and the levels of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and IL-4 in the jejunal mucosa compared with supplementation with fresh oil. The addition of oxidized fish oil plus ISF partially alleviated this negative effect. The addition of oxidized fish oil plus ISF increased the villous height and levels of sIgA and IL-4 in jejunal mucosa, but decreased the levels of IL-1β and IL-2 in jejunal mucosa (P<0.05) compared with oxidized fish oil. Collectively, these results show that dietary supplementation of ISF could partly alleviate the negative effect of oxidized fish oil by improving the intestinal morphology as well as the antioxidant capacity and immune function in young piglets.
27921401	11	29	soybean isoflavone	T109	C4076257
27921401	33	43	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27921401	44	64	antioxidant capacity	T044	C1148564
27921401	69	78	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27921401	88	95	piglets	T015	C0039005
27921401	96	99	fed	T052	C2987508
27921401	100	108	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27921401	109	117	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	147	156	glycitein	T109	C0253391
27921401	160	169	synthetic	T052	C1883254
27921401	170	188	soybean isoflavone	T109	C4076257
27921401	190	193	ISF	T109	C4076257
27921401	203	213	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27921401	214	234	antioxidant capacity	T044	C1148564
27921401	236	246	morphology	T080	C0332437
27921401	252	260	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27921401	278	285	piglets	T015	C0039005
27921401	286	289	fed	T052	C2987508
27921401	290	298	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27921401	299	307	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	325	332	piglets	T015	C0039005
27921401	356	366	treatments	T061	C0001563
27921401	372	385	control group	T096	C0009932
27921401	390	393	fed	T052	C2987508
27921401	396	406	basal diet	T168	C2983588
27921401	418	423	fresh	T080	C0443224
27921401	424	432	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	524	530	dosage	T081	C0178602
27921401	534	542	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27921401	543	551	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	566	569	ISF	T109	C4076257
27921401	571	579	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27921401	580	588	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	594	597	ISF	T109	C4076257
27921401	614	621	feeding	T052	C2987508
27921401	623	638	supplementation	T061	C0242297
27921401	642	650	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27921401	651	659	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	684	699	malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
27921401	701	704	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
27921401	707	727	oxidized glutathione	T116,T121	C0061516
27921401	729	733	GSSG	T116,T121	C0061516
27921401	736	750	interleukin-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27921401	752	757	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27921401	760	783	tumor necrosis factor-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27921401	785	790	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
27921401	793	806	interleukin-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27921401	808	812	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27921401	815	833	nuclear factor κ B	T116,T129	C0079904
27921401	834	840	(NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27921401	843	874	inducible nitric oxide synthase	T116,T126	C0132555
27921401	876	880	iNOS	T116,T126	C0132555
27921401	883	885	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27921401	891	900	Caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
27921401	904	918	jejunal mucosa	T023	C0227308
27921401	938	945	villous	T023	C0227266
27921401	946	952	height	T032	C0489786
27921401	956	964	duodenum	T023	C0013303
27921401	983	1009	secretory immunoglobulin A	T116,T129	C0020838
27921401	1010	1015	(sIgA	T116,T129	C0020838
27921401	1021	1025	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27921401	1033	1047	jejunal mucosa	T023	C0227308
27921401	1062	1077	supplementation	T061	C0242297
27921401	1083	1088	fresh	T080	C0443224
27921401	1089	1092	oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	1110	1118	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27921401	1119	1127	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	1133	1136	ISF	T109	C4076257
27921401	1196	1204	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27921401	1205	1213	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	1219	1222	ISF	T109	C4076257
27921401	1237	1244	villous	T023	C0227266
27921401	1245	1251	height	T032	C0489786
27921401	1266	1270	sIgA	T116,T129	C0020838
27921401	1275	1279	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27921401	1283	1297	jejunal mucosa	T023	C0227308
27921401	1327	1332	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27921401	1337	1341	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
27921401	1345	1359	jejunal mucosa	T023	C0227308
27921401	1383	1391	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27921401	1392	1400	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	1440	1463	dietary supplementation	T061	C0242297
27921401	1467	1470	ISF	T109	C4076257
27921401	1517	1525	oxidized	T044	C0030011
27921401	1526	1534	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
27921401	1552	1573	intestinal morphology	T023	C0021853
27921401	1589	1609	antioxidant capacity	T044	C1148564
27921401	1614	1629	immune function	T042	C1817756
27921401	1639	1646	piglets	T015	C0039005
27921401	1639	1646	piglets	T015	C0039005

27921577|t|The efficiency and safety of trastuzumab for advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer: a meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials
27921577|a|A meta-analysis was performed to examine the efficiency and safety of trastuzumab in patients with advanced gastric and gastroesophageal cancer (AGC). By searching multiple databases from 1990 to March 2016, all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which compared the effect of trastuzumab - combined chemotherapy (TC) versus chemotherapy alone (CT) in gastric cancer would be included. Five RCTs with a total of 875 patients were included. Trastuzumab can improve the overall survival (OS) rate, progression-free survival (PFS), one-year survival rate, two-year survival rate and overall response rate (ORR) of patients with AGC. There were no difference between the two arms in terms of grade 3 / 4 adverse effects, such as vomiting, nausea, neutropenia, thrombocytopaenia and anemia. Diarrhea increased in TC group. Trastuzumab can significantly improve the survival rate, PFS, ORR of patients with AGC. It is safe and feasible and can be tolerated. It needs further prospective multinational multicenter RCTs with large samples to define the clinical benefits of trastuzumab.
27921577	4	14	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27921577	19	25	safety	T080	C0678800
27921577	29	40	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
27921577	45	61	advanced gastric	T191	C0024623
27921577	66	89	gastroesophageal cancer	T191	C1112160
27921577	93	106	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27921577	115	143	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27921577	146	159	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27921577	164	173	performed	T169	C0884358
27921577	189	199	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27921577	204	210	safety	T080	C0678800
27921577	214	225	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
27921577	229	237	patients	T101	C0030705
27921577	243	259	advanced gastric	T191	C0024623
27921577	264	287	gastroesophageal cancer	T191	C1112160
27921577	289	292	AGC	T191	C1112160
27921577	308	316	multiple	T081	C0439064
27921577	317	326	databases	T170	C0242356
27921577	356	384	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27921577	386	390	RCTs	T062	C0206035
27921577	398	406	compared	T052	C1707455
27921577	411	417	effect	T080	C1280500
27921577	421	432	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
27921577	435	456	combined chemotherapy	T061	C0003393
27921577	458	460	TC	T061	C0003393
27921577	469	481	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27921577	489	491	CT	T061	C3665472
27921577	496	510	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
27921577	520	528	included	T169	C0332257
27921577	535	539	RCTs	T062	C0206035
27921577	560	568	patients	T101	C0030705
27921577	574	582	included	T169	C0332257
27921577	584	595	Trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
27921577	596	607	can improve	T080	C1272747
27921577	612	628	overall survival	T081	C4086681
27921577	630	632	OS	T081	C4086681
27921577	634	638	rate	T081	C0038954
27921577	640	665	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
27921577	667	670	PFS	T081	C0242792
27921577	673	695	one-year survival rate	T081	C0038954
27921577	697	719	two-year survival rate	T081	C0038954
27921577	724	745	overall response rate	T079	C0237629
27921577	747	750	ORR	T079	C0237629
27921577	755	763	patients	T101	C0030705
27921577	769	772	AGC	T191	C1112160
27921577	785	798	no difference	T033	C3842396
27921577	832	839	grade 3	T033	C0450094
27921577	842	843	4	T185	C0547054
27921577	844	859	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27921577	869	877	vomiting	T184	C0042963
27921577	879	885	nausea	T184	C0027497
27921577	887	898	neutropenia	T047	C0027947
27921577	900	917	thrombocytopaenia	T047	C0040034
27921577	922	928	anemia	T047	C0002871
27921577	930	938	Diarrhea	T184	C0011991
27921577	939	948	increased	T081	C0205217
27921577	952	954	TC	T061	C0003393
27921577	962	973	Trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
27921577	978	991	significantly	T078	C0750502
27921577	992	999	improve	T033	C0184511
27921577	1004	1017	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27921577	1019	1022	PFS	T081	C0242792
27921577	1024	1027	ORR	T079	C0237629
27921577	1031	1039	patients	T101	C0030705
27921577	1045	1048	AGC	T191	C1112160
27921577	1056	1060	safe	T109,T121	C1951004
27921577	1085	1094	tolerated	T033	C0243095
27921577	1113	1124	prospective	T080	C0205556
27921577	1125	1138	multinational	T080	C0205556
27921577	1139	1150	multicenter	T062	C0206012
27921577	1151	1155	RCTs	T062	C0206035
27921577	1167	1174	samples	T077	C2347026
27921577	1189	1197	clinical	T080	C0205210
27921577	1198	1206	benefits	T081	C0814225
27921577	1210	1221	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747

27921993|t|Can Sergentomyia (Diptera, Psychodidae) play a role in the transmission of mammal - infecting Leishmania?
27921993|a|Leishmaniases are parasitic diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. The parasites, which infect various wild and domestic mammals, including humans, are transmitted by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies belonging to the Phlebotomus genus in the Old World and to several genera (including Lutzomyia, Psychodopygus and Nyssomyia) in the New World. In this paper, we consider the genus Sergentomyia as divided into seven subgenera, mainly based on spermathecal morphology: Sergentomyia, Sintonius, Parrotomyia, Rondanomyia, Capensomyia, Vattieromyia and Trouilletomyia. We also include the groups Grassomyia and Demeillonius but exclude the genera Spelaeomyia and Parvidens. The possible role of Sergentomyia in the circulation of mammalian leishmaniases in the Old World has been considered as Leishmania DNA and/or parasites have been identified in several species. However, several criteria must be fulfilled to incriminate an arthropod as a biological vector of leishmaniasis, namely: it must be attracted to and willing to feed on humans and any reservoir host, and be present in the same environment; several unambiguously identified wild female flies not containing blood meals have to be found infected (through isolation and/or typing of parasites) with the same strain of Leishmania as occurs in humans or any reservoir host; the presence of infective forms of Leishmania on naturally infected females and/or on colonized sand flies infected experimentally should be observed; and finally, the vector has to be able to transmit parasites as a result of blood - feeding on a susceptible mammal.
27921993	4	16	Sergentomyia	T204	C0036714
27921993	18	25	Diptera	T204	C0012578
27921993	27	38	Psychodidae	T204	C0033888
27921993	47	51	role	T077	C1705810
27921993	59	71	transmission	T070	C1521797
27921993	75	81	mammal	T015	C0024660
27921993	84	93	infecting	T046	C3714514
27921993	94	104	Leishmania	T204	C1095819
27921993	106	119	Leishmaniases	T047	C0023281
27921993	124	142	parasitic diseases	T047	C0030499
27921993	153	161	protozoa	T204	C0033739
27921993	169	185	genus Leishmania	T204	C0023270
27921993	191	200	parasites	T204	C0030498
27921993	208	214	infect	T046	C3714514
27921993	223	227	wild	T008	C0003070
27921993	232	240	domestic	T008	C0003063
27921993	241	248	mammals	T015	C0024660
27921993	250	259	including	T169	C0332257
27921993	260	266	humans	T016	C0086418
27921993	272	283	transmitted	T070	C1521797
27921993	291	295	bite	T037	C0005658
27921993	299	322	phlebotomine sand flies	T204	C0036158
27921993	340	357	Phlebotomus genus	T204	C0031549
27921993	365	374	Old World	T083	C0017446
27921993	382	396	several genera	T078	C3669400
27921993	398	407	including	T169	C0332257
27921993	408	417	Lutzomyia	T204	C0024175
27921993	419	432	Psychodopygus	T204	C1473362
27921993	437	446	Nyssomyia	T204	C1473363
27921993	455	464	New World	T083	C0017446
27921993	474	479	paper	T170	C1706852
27921993	497	502	genus	T185	C1708235
27921993	503	515	Sergentomyia	T204	C0036714
27921993	538	547	subgenera	T078	C3669400
27921993	565	577	spermathecal	T023	C1517153
27921993	578	588	morphology	T080	C0332437
27921993	590	602	Sergentomyia	T204	C0036714
27921993	604	613	Sintonius	T204	C0684063
27921993	615	626	Parrotomyia	T204	C3335362
27921993	628	639	Rondanomyia	T204	C0684063
27921993	641	652	Capensomyia	T204	C0684063
27921993	654	666	Vattieromyia	T204	C2623429
27921993	671	685	Trouilletomyia	T204	C0684063
27921993	695	702	include	T052	C2700399
27921993	707	713	groups	T078	C0441833
27921993	714	724	Grassomyia	T204	C3590292
27921993	729	741	Demeillonius	T204	C0684063
27921993	746	753	exclude	T169	C0332196
27921993	758	764	genera	T078	C3669400
27921993	765	776	Spelaeomyia	T204	C0684063
27921993	781	790	Parvidens	T204	C0684063
27921993	796	804	possible	T033	C0332149
27921993	805	809	role	T077	C1705810
27921993	813	825	Sergentomyia	T204	C0036714
27921993	833	844	circulation	T033	C0237318
27921993	848	857	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27921993	858	871	leishmaniases	T047	C0023281
27921993	879	888	Old World	T083	C0017446
27921993	898	908	considered	T078	C0750591
27921993	912	926	Leishmania DNA	T114,T123	C3872646
27921993	934	943	parasites	T204	C0030498
27921993	954	964	identified	T080	C0205396
27921993	976	983	species	T185	C1705920
27921993	1002	1010	criteria	T078	C0243161
27921993	1047	1056	arthropod	T204	C0003903
27921993	1062	1079	biological vector	T008	C0012656
27921993	1083	1096	leishmaniasis	T047	C0023281
27921993	1134	1141	willing	T033	C0600109
27921993	1145	1149	feed	T052	C3853577
27921993	1153	1159	humans	T016	C0086418
27921993	1168	1182	reservoir host	T001	C1167395
27921993	1191	1198	present	T033	C0150312
27921993	1206	1210	same	T080	C0445247
27921993	1211	1222	environment	T082	C0014406
27921993	1232	1245	unambiguously	T078	C0750489
27921993	1246	1256	identified	T080	C0205396
27921993	1257	1261	wild	T008	C0003070
27921993	1262	1268	female	T080	C1705498
27921993	1269	1274	flies	T204	C0036158
27921993	1290	1295	blood	T031	C0005767
27921993	1296	1301	meals	T056	C1998602
27921993	1319	1327	infected	T033	C0439663
27921993	1337	1346	isolation	T059	C0220862
27921993	1354	1360	typing	T059	C0430416
27921993	1364	1373	parasites	T204	C0030498
27921993	1384	1388	same	T080	C0445247
27921993	1389	1395	strain	T080	C0456178
27921993	1399	1409	Leishmania	T204	C1095819
27921993	1423	1429	humans	T016	C0086418
27921993	1437	1451	reservoir host	T001	C1167395
27921993	1457	1465	presence	T033	C0150312
27921993	1469	1478	infective	T046	C3714514
27921993	1479	1484	forms	T080	C0348078
27921993	1488	1498	Leishmania	T204	C1095819
27921993	1502	1511	naturally	T169	C0205296
27921993	1512	1520	infected	T033	C0439663
27921993	1521	1528	females	T032	C0086287
27921993	1539	1548	colonized	T081	C0439158
27921993	1549	1559	sand flies	T204	C0036158
27921993	1560	1568	infected	T033	C0439663
27921993	1569	1583	experimentally	T080	C1517586
27921993	1594	1602	observed	T169	C1441672
27921993	1621	1627	vector	T008	C0012656
27921993	1646	1654	transmit	T070	C1521797
27921993	1655	1664	parasites	T204	C0030498
27921993	1670	1676	result	T169	C1274040
27921993	1680	1685	blood	T031	C0005767
27921993	1688	1695	feeding	T052	C2987508
27921993	1701	1712	susceptible	T169	C0231204
27921993	1713	1719	mammal	T015	C0024660

27922526|t|Air Pollutant Exposure Within a Few Days of Delivery and Placental Abruption in Japan
27922526|a|Placental abruption is an emergency obstetric complication. Although the etiology of abruption is not fully understood, acute stimuli, such as ischemia and/or inflammation, are associated with rupture of the decidual artery, resulting in placental separation. Ischemia and inflammation are acute biologic effects of air pollution. Using a case-crossover design, we tested the hypothesis that a short-term increase in exposure to air pollutants is a potential trigger of placental abruption. We received data for western Japan (Kyushu-Okinawa Districts) from the Japan Perinatal Registry Network database. From 2005 to 2010, 821 singleton pregnant women with placental abruption were identified. We assigned daily concentrations of air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), suspended particulate matter, ozone, and sulfur dioxide (SO2), from the nearest monitoring station to the respective delivery hospital of each woman. Because information on the onset day of abruption was not obtained, we assumed the case day to be 1 day before the day of delivery. Exposure to NO2 at 2 days' lag was associated with placental abruption (temperature adjusted odds ratio per 10 ppb increase = 1.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 1.8). The association patterns were similar, when we restricted to participants who delivered by emergency cesarean (1.4, 1.1, 1.9), or who delivered after 35 weeks of gestation (1.4, 1.0, 2.0). There was no association with suspended particulate matter, ozone, or SO2. We observed an association between NO2 exposure at 2 days before the day of delivery and placental abruption in pregnant Japanese women.
27922526	0	13	Air Pollutant	T131	C0001869
27922526	14	22	Exposure	T080	C0332157
27922526	44	52	Delivery	T061	C0011209
27922526	57	76	Placental Abruption	T046	C0000832
27922526	80	85	Japan	T083	C0022341
27922526	86	105	Placental abruption	T046	C0000832
27922526	112	144	emergency obstetric complication	T046	C0178292
27922526	159	167	etiology	T169	C1314792
27922526	171	180	abruption	T046	C0000832
27922526	206	211	acute	T079	C0205178
27922526	212	219	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27922526	229	237	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27922526	245	257	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27922526	263	278	associated with	T080	C0332281
27922526	279	309	rupture of the decidual artery	T047	C0155760
27922526	324	344	placental separation	T042	C0233170
27922526	346	354	Ischemia	T046	C0022116
27922526	359	371	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27922526	376	381	acute	T079	C0205178
27922526	382	390	biologic	T080	C0205460
27922526	391	398	effects	T080	C1280500
27922526	402	415	air pollution	T069	C0001873
27922526	425	446	case-crossover design	T062	C4288565
27922526	462	472	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27922526	480	490	short-term	T079	C0443303
27922526	491	499	increase	T169	C0442805
27922526	503	511	exposure	T080	C0332157
27922526	515	529	air pollutants	T131	C0001869
27922526	535	544	potential	T080	C3245505
27922526	545	552	trigger	T201	C0032930
27922526	556	575	placental abruption	T046	C0000832
27922526	589	593	data	T078	C1511726
27922526	598	611	western Japan	T083	C0017446
27922526	613	637	Kyushu-Okinawa Districts	T083	C0017446
27922526	648	689	Japan Perinatal Registry Network database	T170	C0242356
27922526	714	723	singleton	T099	C1313913
27922526	724	738	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27922526	744	763	placental abruption	T046	C0000832
27922526	793	798	daily	T079	C0332173
27922526	799	813	concentrations	T081	C1265611
27922526	817	831	air pollutants	T131	C0001869
27922526	843	859	nitrogen dioxide	T131,T197	C0028160
27922526	861	864	NO2	T131,T197	C0028160
27922526	867	895	suspended particulate matter	T131	C1510837
27922526	897	902	ozone	T103	C0030106
27922526	908	922	sulfur dioxide	T131,T197	C0038777
27922526	924	927	SO2	T131,T197	C0038777
27922526	947	965	monitoring station	T073	C1883167
27922526	984	992	delivery	T061	C0011209
27922526	993	1001	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27922526	1010	1015	woman	T098	C0043210
27922526	1025	1036	information	T078	C1533716
27922526	1044	1053	onset day	T079	C0449244
27922526	1057	1066	abruption	T046	C0000832
27922526	1100	1104	case	T169	C0868928
27922526	1117	1120	day	T079	C0439228
27922526	1132	1135	day	T079	C0439228
27922526	1139	1147	delivery	T061	C0011209
27922526	1149	1157	Exposure	T080	C0332157
27922526	1161	1164	NO2	T131,T197	C0028160
27922526	1184	1199	associated with	T080	C0332281
27922526	1200	1219	placental abruption	T046	C0000832
27922526	1221	1232	temperature	T081	C0039476
27922526	1242	1252	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27922526	1264	1272	increase	T169	C0442805
27922526	1284	1303	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27922526	1321	1332	association	T080	C0439849
27922526	1378	1390	participants	T098	C0679646
27922526	1395	1404	delivered	T061	C0011209
27922526	1408	1426	emergency cesarean	T061	C0558380
27922526	1451	1460	delivered	T061	C0011209
27922526	1467	1488	35 weeks of gestation	T079	C0233042
27922526	1516	1530	no association	T033	C1513916
27922526	1536	1564	suspended particulate matter	T131	C1510837
27922526	1566	1571	ozone	T103	C0030106
27922526	1576	1579	SO2	T131,T197	C0038777
27922526	1596	1607	association	T080	C0439849
27922526	1616	1619	NO2	T131,T197	C0028160
27922526	1620	1628	exposure	T080	C0332157
27922526	1634	1638	days	T079	C0439228
27922526	1650	1653	day	T079	C0439228
27922526	1657	1665	delivery	T061	C0011209
27922526	1670	1689	placental abruption	T046	C0000832
27922526	1693	1716	pregnant Japanese women	T098	C0033011

27922979|t|A Comparison of Thermal Plasma Energy Versus Argon Beam Coagulator - Induced Intestinal Injury After Vaporization in a Porcine Model
27922979|a|Complete cytoreduction of ovarian cancer often requires excision or ablation of bowel serosa implants. Both argon beam coagulator (ABC) and thermal plasma energy (TPE) (PlasmaJet; PlasmaSurgical, Roswell, Ga) have been used to ablate bowel serosa implants. Our objective was to identify comparable power settings as well as determine the rate of bowel perforation, depth of thermal injury, and extent of inflammatory response with ABC versus TPE in a porcine model. Nine pigs underwent vaporization of small bowel and colon serosa according to assigned treatment group (TPE vs ABC) and settings (ABC: 30, 50, and 70 W; TPE: Cut 10U, 20U, and 30U and Coagulation 10U, 20U, and 30U). Animals underwent necropsy with blinded histomorphologic evaluation on days 0, 3, and 10 postprocedure to assess for presence of bowel perforation, depth of thermal injury, and extent of inflammatory response. At necropsy, bowel perforation was not identified in any animals. Depth of treatment with ABC in the porcine colon was variable and unrelated to power settings whereas TPE was associated with a consistent treatment depth of 1.0 mm regardless of location or power. Treatment with ABC resulted in greater tissue coagulation and desiccation as well as increased rates of mucosal necrosis, especially at higher settings (>50 W). Treatment with TPE primarily resulted in tissue ablation and minimal mucosal necrosis at low settings (Coag 10U-20U). The inflammatory response associated with TPE treatments was interpreted as biologically benign, and less than that observed with the ABC regardless of treatment settings. Both ABC and TPE effectively ablate bowel serosa in a porcine model. The TPE seems to result in a more predictable tissue effect with less inflammatory response, especially when used at low power settings such as Coag 10U or 20U. These characteristics are appealing for ablation of bowel serosa implants during ovarian cancer surgery and warrant further investigation.
27922979	16	37	Thermal Plasma Energy	T070	C0018837
27922979	45	66	Argon Beam Coagulator	T074	C2223796
27922979	69	76	Induced	T169	C0205263
27922979	77	87	Intestinal	T023	C0021853
27922979	88	94	Injury	T037	C3263723
27922979	101	113	Vaporization	T061	C0547070
27922979	119	126	Porcine	T015	C3665571
27922979	127	132	Model	T075	C0026339
27922979	142	155	cytoreduction	T061	C3850079
27922979	159	173	ovarian cancer	T191	C1140680
27922979	189	197	excision	T061	C0728940
27922979	201	209	ablation	T061	C0547070
27922979	213	225	bowel serosa	T023	C0227217
27922979	226	234	implants	T074	C0021102
27922979	241	262	argon beam coagulator	T074	C2223796
27922979	264	267	ABC	T074	C2223796
27922979	273	294	thermal plasma energy	T070	C0018837
27922979	296	299	TPE	T070	C0018837
27922979	302	311	PlasmaJet	T073,T092	C0683757
27922979	313	327	PlasmaSurgical	T073,T092	C0683757
27922979	329	340	Roswell, Ga	T083	C0017452
27922979	360	366	ablate	T061	C0547070
27922979	367	379	bowel serosa	T023	C0227217
27922979	380	388	implants	T074	C0021102
27922979	479	496	bowel perforation	T047	C0021845
27922979	507	521	thermal injury	T037	C0332685
27922979	537	558	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27922979	564	567	ABC	T074	C2223796
27922979	575	578	TPE	T070	C0018837
27922979	584	591	porcine	T015	C3665571
27922979	592	597	model	T075	C0026339
27922979	604	608	pigs	T015	C3665571
27922979	609	631	underwent vaporization	T061	C0547070
27922979	635	646	small bowel	T023	C0021852
27922979	651	663	colon serosa	T023	C0227369
27922979	677	695	assigned treatment	T061	C0087111
27922979	703	706	TPE	T070	C0018837
27922979	710	713	ABC	T074	C2223796
27922979	729	732	ABC	T074	C2223796
27922979	752	755	TPE	T070	C0018837
27922979	783	794	Coagulation	T039	C1328723
27922979	815	822	Animals	T008	C0003062
27922979	833	841	necropsy	T060	C3526105
27922979	847	854	blinded	T062	C0150108
27922979	855	882	histomorphologic evaluation	T059	C0019637
27922979	904	927	postprocedure to assess	T033	C2924023
27922979	944	961	bowel perforation	T047	C0021845
27922979	972	986	thermal injury	T037	C0332685
27922979	1002	1023	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27922979	1028	1036	necropsy	T060	C3526105
27922979	1038	1055	bowel perforation	T047	C0021845
27922979	1082	1089	animals	T008	C0003062
27922979	1091	1109	Depth of treatment	T061	C0087111
27922979	1115	1118	ABC	T074	C2223796
27922979	1126	1133	porcine	T015	C3665571
27922979	1134	1139	colon	T023	C1281569
27922979	1170	1175	power	T073	C0032865
27922979	1193	1196	TPE	T070	C0018837
27922979	1201	1216	associated with	T080	C0332281
27922979	1219	1239	consistent treatment	T061	C0087111
27922979	1270	1278	location	T082	C0450429
27922979	1282	1287	power	T073	C0032865
27922979	1289	1298	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27922979	1304	1307	ABC	T074	C2223796
27922979	1328	1346	tissue coagulation	T039	C1328723
27922979	1351	1362	desiccation	T070	C0011682
27922979	1393	1409	mucosal necrosis	T046	C2242594
27922979	1450	1459	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27922979	1465	1468	TPE	T070	C0018837
27922979	1491	1506	tissue ablation	T061	C0547070
27922979	1519	1535	mucosal necrosis	T046	C2242594
27922979	1572	1593	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27922979	1594	1609	associated with	T080	C0332281
27922979	1610	1613	TPE	T070	C0018837
27922979	1614	1624	treatments	T061	C0087111
27922979	1657	1663	benign	T080	C0205183
27922979	1702	1705	ABC	T074	C2223796
27922979	1706	1716	regardless	T080	C3641650
27922979	1720	1729	treatment	T061	C0087111
27922979	1745	1748	ABC	T074	C2223796
27922979	1753	1756	TPE	T070	C0018837
27922979	1769	1775	ablate	T061	C0547070
27922979	1776	1788	bowel serosa	T023	C0227217
27922979	1794	1801	porcine	T015	C3665571
27922979	1802	1807	model	T075	C0026339
27922979	1813	1816	TPE	T070	C0018837
27922979	1855	1868	tissue effect	T037	C0010957
27922979	1879	1900	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27922979	1930	1935	power	T073	C0032865
27922979	2010	2018	ablation	T061	C0547070
27922979	2022	2034	bowel serosa	T023	C0227217
27922979	2035	2043	implants	T074	C0021102
27922979	2051	2065	ovarian cancer	T191	C1140680
27922979	2066	2073	surgery	T091	C0038894
27922979	2094	2107	investigation	T058	C0220825

27922994|t|The 2016 Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice
27922994|a|Approximately every 5 years, the Infusion Nurses Society publishes evidence-based practice standards. This article provides an overview of the process used in standards development, describes the format of the standards, and provides a short summary of selected standards as applied to home care. The Standards are an important document that should be available to every home care organization that provides home infusion therapy.
27922994	9	25	Infusion Therapy	T061	C4316303
27922994	26	35	Standards	T081	C0034925
27922994	39	47	Practice	T041	C0237607
27922994	81	104	Infusion Nurses Society	T093	C1708333
27922994	105	114	publishes	T057	C0034037
27922994	115	138	evidence-based practice	T169	C1510541
27922994	139	148	standards	T081	C0034925
27922994	155	162	article	T170	C1706852
27922994	191	198	process	T067	C1522240
27922994	199	203	used	T169	C1524063
27922994	207	216	standards	T081	C0034925
27922994	217	228	development	T169	C1527148
27922994	244	250	format	T170	C1301627
27922994	258	267	standards	T081	C0034925
27922994	273	281	provides	T052	C1999230
27922994	290	297	summary	T170	C1706244
27922994	301	309	selected	T052	C1707391
27922994	310	319	standards	T081	C0034925
27922994	323	330	applied	T169	C4048755
27922994	334	343	home care	T058	C0019855
27922994	349	358	Standards	T081	C0034925
27922994	366	375	important	T080	C3898777
27922994	376	384	document	T170	C1301746
27922994	400	409	available	T169	C0470187
27922994	413	418	every	T080	C1948061
27922994	419	428	home care	T058	C0019855
27922994	429	441	organization	T093	C1708333
27922994	447	455	provides	T052	C1999230
27922994	456	477	home infusion therapy	T061	C0242945

27923134|t|Evolution: Enhanced Footing for Snake Limb Development
27923134|a|Two groups have studied the loss of limbs in snake evolution by focusing on a long-distance cis-acting enhancer of Sonic Hedgehog. They find a progressive degeneration of binding sites for key transcription factors, mirroring the progressive limblessness occurring in these reptiles.
27923134	0	9	Evolution	T045	C3825184
27923134	11	19	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
27923134	20	27	Footing	T169	C1527178
27923134	32	37	Snake	T014	C0037382
27923134	38	54	Limb Development	T042	C1517884
27923134	83	87	loss	T081	C1517945
27923134	91	96	limbs	T023	C0015385
27923134	100	105	snake	T014	C0037382
27923134	106	115	evolution	T045	C3825184
27923134	133	146	long-distance	T033	C0456966
27923134	147	166	cis-acting enhancer	T086	C1516561
27923134	170	184	Sonic Hedgehog	T028	C1335824
27923134	198	209	progressive	T169	C0205329
27923134	210	222	degeneration	T169	C1880269
27923134	226	239	binding sites	T087	C1514535
27923134	248	269	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27923134	285	296	progressive	T169	C0205329
27923134	297	309	limblessness	T080	C0205556
27923134	310	319	occurring	T052	C1709305
27923134	329	337	reptiles	T014	C0035161

27923741|t|NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to long-term behavioral alterations in mice injected with lipopolysaccharide
27923741|a|Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) might affect the central nervous system by causing neuroinflammation, which subsequently leads to brain damage and dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the role of nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in long-term behavioral alterations of 8- week -old male C57BL/6 mice injected intraperitoneally with LPS (5mg/kg). At different time points after injection, we assessed locomotor function with a 24-point neurologic deficit scoring system and the rotarod test; assessed recognition memory with the novel object recognition test; and assessed emotional abnormality (anhedonia and behavioral despair) with the tail suspension test, forced swim test, and sucrose preference test. We also assessed protein expression of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and caspase-1 p10 in hippocampus by Western blotting; measured levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and IL-10 in hippocampus; measured TNFα and IL-1β in serum by ELISA; and evaluated microglial activity in hippocampus by Iba1 immunofluorescence. We found that LPS - injected mice displayed long-term depression -like behaviors and recognition memory deficit; elevated expression of NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 p10; increased levels of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNFα; decreased levels of IL-10; and increased microglial activation. These effects were blocked by the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethylketone. The results demonstrate proof of concept that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to long-term behavioral alterations in LPS - exposed mice, probably through enhanced inflammation, and that NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition might alleviate peripheral and brain inflammation and thereby ameliorate long-term behavioral alterations in LPS - exposed mice.
27923741	0	29	NLRP3 inflammasome activation	T044	C3272080
27923741	45	54	long-term	T079	C0443252
27923741	55	65	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27923741	66	77	alterations	T078	C1515926
27923741	81	85	mice	T015	C1521751
27923741	86	94	injected	T061	C1533685
27923741	100	118	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27923741	119	137	Lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27923741	139	142	LPS	T109	C0023810
27923741	150	156	affect	T080	C1280500
27923741	161	183	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27923741	195	212	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
27923741	242	254	brain damage	T037	C0270611
27923741	259	270	dysfunction	T047	C0262405
27923741	280	285	study	T062	C2603343
27923741	312	395	nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation	T044	C3272080
27923741	399	408	long-term	T079	C0443252
27923741	409	419	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27923741	420	431	alterations	T078	C1515926
27923741	438	442	week	T079	C0439230
27923741	448	452	male	T032	C0086582
27923741	453	465	C57BL/6 mice	T015	C1521751
27923741	466	474	injected	T061	C1533685
27923741	475	492	intraperitoneally	T082	C0442120
27923741	498	501	LPS	T109	C0023810
27923741	525	536	time points	T079	C2348792
27923741	543	552	injection	T061	C1533685
27923741	557	565	assessed	T052	C1516048
27923741	566	584	locomotor function	T040	C0023946
27923741	592	634	24-point neurologic deficit scoring system	T170	C0282574
27923741	643	655	rotarod test	T062	C1258024
27923741	657	665	assessed	T052	C1516048
27923741	666	677	recognition	T041	C0524637
27923741	678	684	memory	T041	C0025260
27923741	707	723	recognition test	T170	C0451414
27923741	729	737	assessed	T052	C1516048
27923741	738	759	emotional abnormality	T048	C0013985
27923741	761	770	anhedonia	T048	C0178417
27923741	775	793	behavioral despair	T048	C0233514
27923741	804	824	tail suspension test	T059	C0022885
27923741	826	842	forced swim test	T059	C0022885
27923741	848	871	sucrose preference test	T059	C0022885
27923741	881	889	assessed	T052	C1516048
27923741	890	908	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27923741	912	917	NLRP3	T116,T123	C1528260
27923741	919	958	apoptosis-associated speck-like protein	T116,T123	C0963749
27923741	960	963	ASC	T116,T123	C0963749
27923741	970	983	caspase-1 p10	T116,T126	C0534519
27923741	987	998	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27923741	1002	1018	Western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
27923741	1020	1028	measured	T080	C0444706
27923741	1029	1035	levels	T080	C0441889
27923741	1039	1058	interleukin (IL)-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27923741	1060	1065	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27923741	1067	1090	tumor necrosis factor α	T116,T129	C1456820
27923741	1092	1096	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27923741	1103	1108	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27923741	1112	1123	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27923741	1125	1133	measured	T080	C0444706
27923741	1134	1138	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27923741	1143	1148	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27923741	1152	1157	serum	T031	C0229671
27923741	1161	1166	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27923741	1182	1192	microglial	T025	C0206116
27923741	1193	1201	activity	T043	C0007613
27923741	1205	1216	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
27923741	1220	1243	Iba1 immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
27923741	1259	1262	LPS	T109	C0023810
27923741	1265	1273	injected	T061	C1533685
27923741	1274	1278	mice	T015	C1521751
27923741	1289	1298	long-term	T079	C0443252
27923741	1299	1309	depression	T048	C0011570
27923741	1316	1325	behaviors	T053	C0004927
27923741	1330	1341	recognition	T041	C0524637
27923741	1342	1356	memory deficit	T048	C0233794
27923741	1367	1377	expression	T045	C1171362
27923741	1381	1386	NLRP3	T116,T123	C1528260
27923741	1388	1391	ASC	T116,T123	C0963749
27923741	1397	1410	caspase-1 p10	T116,T126	C0534519
27923741	1412	1421	increased	T081	C0205217
27923741	1422	1428	levels	T080	C0441889
27923741	1432	1437	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
27923741	1439	1444	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
27923741	1450	1454	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
27923741	1456	1465	decreased	T081	C0205216
27923741	1466	1472	levels	T080	C0441889
27923741	1476	1481	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27923741	1487	1496	increased	T081	C0205217
27923741	1497	1518	microglial activation	T043	C1326169
27923741	1526	1533	effects	T080	C1280500
27923741	1554	1582	NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor	T121	C1254351
27923741	1583	1620	Ac-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp-chloromethylketone	T116,T121	C0388131
27923741	1626	1633	results	T169	C1274040
27923741	1668	1697	NLRP3 inflammasome activation	T044	C3272080
27923741	1713	1722	long-term	T079	C0443252
27923741	1723	1733	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27923741	1734	1745	alterations	T078	C1515926
27923741	1749	1752	LPS	T109	C0023810
27923741	1755	1762	exposed	T080	C0332157
27923741	1763	1767	mice	T015	C1521751
27923741	1795	1807	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27923741	1818	1836	NLRP3 inflammasome	T026	C3156614
27923741	1837	1847	inhibition	T044	C0021469
27923741	1864	1874	peripheral	T082	C0205100
27923741	1879	1884	brain	T023	C0006104
27923741	1885	1897	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27923741	1921	1930	long-term	T079	C0443252
27923741	1931	1941	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27923741	1942	1953	alterations	T078	C1515926
27923741	1957	1960	LPS	T109	C0023810
27923741	1963	1970	exposed	T080	C0332157
27923741	1971	1975	mice	T015	C1521751

27923790|t|Dynamin-related protein 1 mediates low glucose - induced endothelial dysfunction in human arterioles
27923790|a|Intensive glycemic regulation has resulted in an increased incidence of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic burden correlates with adverse cardiovascular complications and contributes acutely and chronically to endothelial dysfunction. Prior data indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to hypoglycemia - induced endothelial dysfunction, but the mechanisms behind this linkage remain unknown. We attempt to determine whether clinically relevant low-glucose (LG) exposures acutely induce endothelial dysfunction through activation of the mitochondrial fission process. Characterization of mitochondrial morphology was carried out in cultured endothelial cells by using confocal microscopy. Isolated human arterioles were used to explore the effect LG - induced mitochondrial fission has on the formation of detrimental reactive oxygen species (ROS), bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), and endothelial-dependent vascular relaxation. Fluorescence microscopy was employed to visualize changes in mitochondrial ROS and NO levels and videomicroscopy applied to measure vasodilation response. Pharmacological disruption of the profission protein Drp1 with Mdivi-1 during LG exposure reduced mitochondrial fragmentation among vascular endothelial cells (LG: 0.469; LG + Mdivi-1: 0.276; P = 0.003), prevented formation of vascular ROS (LG: 2.036; LG + Mdivi-1: 1.774; P = 0.005), increased the presence of NO (LG: 1.352; LG + Mdivi-1: 1.502; P = 0.048), and improved vascular dilation response to acetylcholine (LG: 31.6%; LG + Mdivi-1; 78.5% at maximum dose; P < 0.001). Additionally, decreased expression of Drp1 via siRNA knockdown during LG conditions also improved vascular relaxation. Exposure to LG imparts endothelial dysfunction coupled with altered mitochondrial phenotypes among isolated human arterioles. Disruption of Drp1 and subsequent mitochondrial fragmentation events prevents impaired vascular dilation, restores mitochondrial phenotype, and implicates mitochondrial fission as a primary mediator of LG - induced endothelial dysfunction .NEW & NOTEWORTHY Acute low-glucose exposure induces mitochondrial fragmentation in endothelial cells via Drp1 and is associated with impaired endothelial function in human arterioles. Targeting of Drp1 prevents fragmentation, improves vasofunction, and may provide a therapeutic target for improving cardiovascular complications among diabetics .Listen to this article's corresponding podcast @ http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/mitochondrial-dynamics-impact-endothelial-function/.
27923790	0	25	Dynamin-related protein 1	T116,T126	C0669938
27923790	26	34	mediates	T169	C0205245
27923790	35	46	low glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	49	56	induced	T169	C0205263
27923790	57	80	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27923790	84	89	human	T016	C0086418
27923790	90	100	arterioles	T023	C0003847
27923790	111	130	glycemic regulation	T038	C1327622
27923790	150	159	increased	T081	C0205217
27923790	160	169	incidence	T081	C0021149
27923790	173	185	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27923790	187	199	Hypoglycemic	T047	C0020615
27923790	200	206	burden	T078	C2828008
27923790	223	230	adverse	T169	C0001688
27923790	231	259	cardiovascular complications	T046	C0161816
27923790	276	283	acutely	T079	C0205178
27923790	288	299	chronically	T079	C0205191
27923790	303	326	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27923790	334	338	data	T078	C1511726
27923790	353	378	mitochondrial dysfunction	T033	C4021734
27923790	394	406	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
27923790	409	416	induced	T169	C0205263
27923790	417	440	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27923790	450	460	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27923790	473	480	linkage	T169	C0205245
27923790	488	495	unknown	T080	C0439673
27923790	529	539	clinically	T080	C0205210
27923790	540	548	relevant	T080	C2347946
27923790	549	560	low-glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	562	564	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	566	575	exposures	T080	C0332157
27923790	576	583	acutely	T079	C0205178
27923790	584	590	induce	T169	C0205263
27923790	591	614	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27923790	623	633	activation	T052	C1879547
27923790	641	670	mitochondrial fission process	T043	C0230871
27923790	672	688	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27923790	692	716	mitochondrial morphology	T033	C0243095
27923790	736	744	cultured	T169	C0205245
27923790	745	762	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27923790	772	791	confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
27923790	793	801	Isolated	T169	C0205409
27923790	802	807	human	T016	C0086418
27923790	808	818	arterioles	T023	C0003847
27923790	844	850	effect	T080	C1280500
27923790	851	853	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	856	863	induced	T169	C0205263
27923790	864	885	mitochondrial fission	T043	C0230871
27923790	897	906	formation	T169	C1522492
27923790	910	945	detrimental reactive oxygen species	T123	C1537052
27923790	947	950	ROS	T123	C1537052
27923790	953	968	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27923790	972	984	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27923790	986	988	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27923790	995	1036	endothelial-dependent vascular relaxation	T042	C1258036
27923790	1038	1061	Fluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
27923790	1088	1095	changes	T169	C0392747
27923790	1099	1112	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27923790	1113	1116	ROS	T123	C1537052
27923790	1121	1123	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27923790	1124	1130	levels	T080	C0441889
27923790	1135	1150	videomicroscopy	T059	C0242940
27923790	1162	1169	measure	T081	C0079809
27923790	1170	1182	vasodilation	T042	C0042401
27923790	1183	1191	response	T169	C0205245
27923790	1193	1208	Pharmacological	T169	C0205464
27923790	1209	1219	disruption	T169	C0332453
27923790	1227	1245	profission protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27923790	1246	1250	Drp1	T116,T126	C0669938
27923790	1256	1263	Mdivi-1	T109	C2933581
27923790	1271	1273	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1274	1282	exposure	T080	C0332157
27923790	1283	1290	reduced	T080	C0392756
27923790	1291	1318	mitochondrial fragmentation	T043	C0230871
27923790	1325	1351	vascular endothelial cells	T025	C1257792
27923790	1353	1355	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1364	1366	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1369	1376	Mdivi-1	T109	C2933581
27923790	1397	1406	prevented	T169	C1292733
27923790	1407	1416	formation	T169	C1522492
27923790	1420	1428	vascular	T023	C0005847
27923790	1429	1432	ROS	T123	C1537052
27923790	1434	1436	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1445	1447	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1450	1457	Mdivi-1	T109	C2933581
27923790	1478	1487	increased	T081	C0205217
27923790	1492	1500	presence	T033	C0150312
27923790	1504	1506	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27923790	1508	1510	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1519	1521	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1524	1531	Mdivi-1	T109	C2933581
27923790	1556	1564	improved	T033	C0184511
27923790	1565	1582	vascular dilation	T042	C0042401
27923790	1583	1591	response	T169	C0205245
27923790	1595	1608	acetylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
27923790	1610	1612	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1621	1623	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1626	1633	Mdivi-1	T109	C2933581
27923790	1644	1651	maximum	T081	C0806909
27923790	1652	1656	dose	T081	C0178602
27923790	1684	1693	decreased	T081	C0205216
27923790	1694	1704	expression	T045	C1171362
27923790	1708	1712	Drp1	T116,T126	C0669938
27923790	1717	1722	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27923790	1723	1732	knockdown	T063	C2350567
27923790	1740	1742	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1743	1753	conditions	T080	C0348080
27923790	1759	1767	improved	T033	C0184511
27923790	1768	1787	vascular relaxation	T042	C1258036
27923790	1789	1800	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
27923790	1801	1803	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	1812	1835	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27923790	1836	1843	coupled	T169	C1948027
27923790	1849	1856	altered	T169	C0392747
27923790	1857	1870	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27923790	1871	1881	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27923790	1888	1896	isolated	T169	C0205409
27923790	1897	1902	human	T016	C0086418
27923790	1903	1913	arterioles	T023	C0003847
27923790	1915	1925	Disruption	T169	C0332453
27923790	1929	1933	Drp1	T116,T126	C0669938
27923790	1938	1948	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27923790	1949	1976	mitochondrial fragmentation	T043	C0230871
27923790	1984	1992	prevents	T169	C1292733
27923790	1993	2001	impaired	T169	C0221099
27923790	2002	2019	vascular dilation	T042	C0042401
27923790	2021	2029	restores	T169	C0205245
27923790	2030	2043	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27923790	2044	2053	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27923790	2070	2091	mitochondrial fission	T043	C0230871
27923790	2097	2104	primary	T080	C0205225
27923790	2105	2113	mediator	T080	C0205556
27923790	2117	2119	LG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	2122	2129	induced	T169	C0205263
27923790	2130	2153	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
27923790	2172	2177	Acute	T079	C0205178
27923790	2178	2189	low-glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27923790	2190	2198	exposure	T080	C0332157
27923790	2199	2206	induces	T169	C0205263
27923790	2207	2234	mitochondrial fragmentation	T043	C0230871
27923790	2238	2255	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27923790	2260	2264	Drp1	T116,T126	C0669938
27923790	2272	2287	associated with	T080	C0332281
27923790	2288	2296	impaired	T169	C0221099
27923790	2297	2308	endothelial	T025	C0225336
27923790	2309	2317	function	T043	C0007613
27923790	2321	2326	human	T016	C0086418
27923790	2327	2337	arterioles	T023	C0003847
27923790	2339	2348	Targeting	T043	C0599894
27923790	2352	2356	Drp1	T116,T126	C0669938
27923790	2357	2365	prevents	T169	C1292733
27923790	2366	2379	fragmentation	T043	C0230871
27923790	2390	2402	vasofunction	T042	C1254358
27923790	2422	2433	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27923790	2434	2440	target	T169	C1521840
27923790	2455	2483	cardiovascular complications	T046	C0161816
27923790	2490	2499	diabetics	T033	C0241863
27923790	2550	2631	http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/mitochondrial-dynamics-impact-endothelial-function/	T170	C1704666

27923842|t|Predicting MEK Inhibitor Response in Lung Cancer: A Proper Signature Is Required
27923842|a|The ERK signaling pathway is one of the most commonly deregulated pathways in cancer. Assays that accurately measure ERK signaling output in clinical specimens would be extremely helpfu l not only in determining the pharmacodynamic effects of drug treatment but also in selecting those patients most likely to respond to therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1365-7. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Brant et al., p. 1471.
27923842	0	10	Predicting	T078	C0681842
27923842	11	24	MEK Inhibitor	T121	C2347168
27923842	25	33	Response	T032	C0871261
27923842	37	48	Lung Cancer	T191	C0684249
27923842	85	88	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27923842	89	106	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
27923842	126	134	commonly	T081	C0205214
27923842	135	155	deregulated pathways	T049	C1514542
27923842	159	165	cancer	T191	C0007097
27923842	167	173	Assays	T059	C1510438
27923842	179	189	accurately	T080	C0443131
27923842	190	197	measure	T081	C0079809
27923842	198	201	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27923842	202	211	signaling	T038	C3537152
27923842	222	230	clinical	T080	C0205210
27923842	231	240	specimens	T167	C0370003
27923842	250	266	extremely helpfu	T170	C2984543
27923842	297	312	pharmacodynamic	T038	C0851347
27923842	313	320	effects	T080	C1280500
27923842	324	338	drug treatment	T061	C0013216
27923842	367	375	patients	T101	C0030705
27923842	391	398	respond	T032	C0871261
27923842	402	409	therapy	T061	C0087111

27923916|t|A structured review of chronic care model components supporting transition between healthcare service delivery types for older people with multiple chronic diseases
27923916|a|Older people with chronic diseases often have complex and interacting needs and require treatment and care from a wide range of professionals and services concurrently. This structured review will identify the components of the chronic care model (CCM) required to support healthcare that transitions seamlessly between hospital and ambulatory settings for people over 65 years of age who have two or more chronic diseases. A structured review was conducted by searching six electronic databases combining the terms ' hospital ', ' ambulatory ', ' elderly ', ' chronic disease ' and ' integration / seamless '. Four articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the review. Study setting, objectives, design, population, intervention, CCM components, outcomes and results were extracted and a process of descriptive synthesis applied. All four studies reported only using a few components of the CCM - such as clinical information sharing, community linkages and supported self-management - to create an integrated health system. The implementation of these components in a health service seemed to improve the seamless transition between hospital and ambulatory settings, health outcomes and patient experiences. Further research is required to explore the effect of implementing all CCM components to support transition of care between hospital and ambulatory services.
27923916	13	22	review of	T169	C0699752
27923916	23	41	chronic care model	T170	C3161035
27923916	42	52	components	T078	C1254370
27923916	53	63	supporting	T077	C1521721
27923916	64	74	transition	T052	C2700061
27923916	83	101	healthcare service	T093	C0557829
27923916	102	116	delivery types	T169	C1705822
27923916	121	133	older people	T098	C3826770
27923916	139	164	multiple chronic diseases	T047	C3266262
27923916	165	177	Older people	T098	C3826770
27923916	183	199	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
27923916	211	218	complex	T080	C0439855
27923916	223	234	interacting	T169	C1704675
27923916	253	262	treatment	T061	C0087111
27923916	267	271	care	T058	C0017313
27923916	293	306	professionals	T097	C0679924
27923916	311	319	services	T057	C0557854
27923916	350	356	review	T169	C0699752
27923916	375	385	components	T078	C1254370
27923916	393	411	chronic care model	T170	C3161035
27923916	413	416	CCM	T170	C3161035
27923916	438	448	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27923916	454	465	transitions	T052	C2700061
27923916	466	476	seamlessly	T078	C1254370
27923916	485	493	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27923916	498	517	ambulatory settings	T073,T093	C0002424
27923916	522	528	people	T101	C0018576
27923916	537	542	years	T079	C0439234
27923916	546	549	age	T032	C0001779
27923916	571	587	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
27923916	602	608	review	T169	C0699752
27923916	640	660	electronic databases	T170	C3841595
27923916	683	691	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27923916	697	707	ambulatory	T169	C0439841
27923916	713	720	elderly	T098	C0001792
27923916	726	741	chronic disease	T047	C0008679
27923916	750	761	integration	T080	C0205556
27923916	764	772	seamless	T078	C1254370
27923916	781	789	articles	T170	C1706852
27923916	790	797	meeting	T067	C1550543
27923916	802	811	inclusion	T080	C1512693
27923916	812	820	criteria	T078	C0243161
27923916	842	848	review	T169	C0699752
27923916	865	875	objectives	T170	C0018017
27923916	885	895	population	T101	C0018576
27923916	897	909	intervention	T169	C1314939
27923916	911	914	CCM	T170	C3161035
27923916	915	925	components	T078	C1254370
27923916	927	935	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27923916	940	947	results	T169	C1274040
27923916	969	976	process	T067	C1522240
27923916	980	1001	descriptive synthesis	T052	C1883254
27923916	1020	1027	studies	T062	C2603343
27923916	1054	1064	components	T078	C1254370
27923916	1072	1075	CCM	T170	C3161035
27923916	1086	1106	clinical information	T170	C2708733
27923916	1107	1114	sharing	T054	C2713449
27923916	1149	1164	self-management	T058	C0086969
27923916	1170	1176	create	T052	C1706214
27923916	1180	1204	integrated health system	T093	C0282599
27923916	1210	1224	implementation	T052	C1708476
27923916	1234	1244	components	T078	C1254370
27923916	1250	1264	health service	T058	C0018747
27923916	1275	1282	improve	T033	C0184511
27923916	1287	1295	seamless	T078	C1254370
27923916	1296	1306	transition	T052	C2700061
27923916	1315	1323	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27923916	1328	1347	ambulatory settings	T073,T093	C0002424
27923916	1349	1364	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27923916	1369	1376	patient	T101	C0030705
27923916	1377	1388	experiences	T055	C0683573
27923916	1398	1406	research	T062	C0035168
27923916	1434	1440	effect	T080	C1280500
27923916	1444	1456	implementing	T052	C1708476
27923916	1461	1464	CCM	T170	C3161035
27923916	1465	1475	components	T078	C1254370
27923916	1487	1497	transition	T052	C2700061
27923916	1501	1505	care	T058	C0017313
27923916	1514	1522	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27923916	1527	1546	ambulatory services	T058	C0002423

27924038|t|FARNA: knowledgebase of inferred functions of non-coding RNA transcripts
27924038|a|Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes play a major role in control of heterogeneous cellular behavior. Yet, their functions are largely uncharacterized. Current available databases lack in-depth information of ncRNA functions across spectrum of various cells / tissues. Here, we present FARNA, a knowledgebase of inferred functions of 10,289 human ncRNA transcripts (2,734 microRNA and 7,555 long ncRNA) in 119 tissues and 177 primary cells of human. Since transcription factors (TFs) and TF co-factors (TcoFs) are crucial components of regulatory machinery for activation of gene transcription, cellular processes and diseases in which TFs and TcoFs are involved suggest functions of the transcripts they regulate. In FARNA, functions of a transcript are inferred from TFs and TcoFs whose genes co-express with the transcript controlled by these TFs and TcoFs in a considered cell / tissue. Transcripts were annotated using statistically enriched GO terms, pathways and diseases across cells / tissues based on guilt-by-association principle. Expression profiles across cells / tissues based on Cap Analysis of Gene Expression (CAGE) are provided. FARNA, having the most comprehensive function annotation of considered ncRNAs across widest spectrum of human cells / tissues, has a potential to greatly contribute to our understanding of ncRNA roles and their regulatory mechanisms in human. FARNA can be accessed at: http://cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/ farna.
27924038	0	5	FARNA	T170	C0022752
27924038	7	20	knowledgebase	T170	C0022752
27924038	33	42	functions	T045	C0314627
27924038	46	60	non-coding RNA	T114	C0887909
27924038	61	72	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27924038	73	87	Non-coding RNA	T114	C0887909
27924038	89	94	ncRNA	T114	C0887909
27924038	96	101	genes	T028	C0017337
27924038	115	119	role	T077	C1705810
27924038	123	130	control	T080	C0243148
27924038	134	147	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27924038	148	165	cellular behavior	T043	C0007613
27924038	178	187	functions	T045	C0314627
27924038	235	244	databases	T170	C0242356
27924038	259	270	information	T078	C1533716
27924038	274	279	ncRNA	T114	C0887909
27924038	280	289	functions	T045	C0314627
27924038	297	305	spectrum	T077	C2827424
27924038	317	322	cells	T025	C0007634
27924038	325	332	tissues	T024	C0040300
27924038	351	356	FARNA	T170	C0022752
27924038	360	373	knowledgebase	T170	C0022752
27924038	386	395	functions	T045	C0314627
27924038	406	411	human	T016	C0086418
27924038	412	417	ncRNA	T114	C0887909
27924038	418	429	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27924038	437	445	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
27924038	461	466	ncRNA	T114	C0887909
27924038	475	482	tissues	T024	C0040300
27924038	499	504	cells	T025	C0007634
27924038	508	513	human	T016	C0086418
27924038	521	542	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
27924038	544	547	TFs	T116,T123	C0040648
27924038	553	566	TF co-factors	T123	C0178555
27924038	568	573	TcoFs	T123	C0178555
27924038	601	611	regulatory	T045	C0017263
27924038	626	636	activation	T045	C0017255
27924038	640	658	gene transcription	T045	C0040649
27924038	660	678	cellular processes	T043	C1325880
27924038	683	691	diseases	T047	C0012634
27924038	701	704	TFs	T116,T123	C0040648
27924038	709	714	TcoFs	T123	C0178555
27924038	736	745	functions	T045	C0314627
27924038	753	764	transcripts	T114	C1519595
27924038	770	778	regulate	T038	C1327622
27924038	783	788	FARNA	T170	C0022752
27924038	790	799	functions	T045	C0314627
27924038	805	815	transcript	T114	C1519595
27924038	834	837	TFs	T116,T123	C0040648
27924038	842	847	TcoFs	T123	C0178555
27924038	854	859	genes	T028	C0017337
27924038	860	870	co-express	T045	C0017262
27924038	880	890	transcript	T114	C1519595
27924038	911	914	TFs	T116,T123	C0040648
27924038	919	924	TcoFs	T123	C0178555
27924038	941	945	cell	T025	C0007634
27924038	948	954	tissue	T024	C0040300
27924038	956	967	Transcripts	T114	C1519595
27924038	973	982	annotated	T080	C1552720
27924038	1012	1020	GO terms	T170	C1138831
27924038	1022	1030	pathways	T077	C1705987
27924038	1035	1043	diseases	T047	C0012634
27924038	1051	1056	cells	T025	C0007634
27924038	1059	1066	tissues	T024	C0040300
27924038	1108	1127	Expression profiles	T081	C1956267
27924038	1135	1140	cells	T025	C0007634
27924038	1143	1150	tissues	T024	C0040300
27924038	1160	1191	Cap Analysis of Gene Expression	T063	C1880945
27924038	1193	1197	CAGE	T063	C1880945
27924038	1213	1218	FARNA	T170	C0022752
27924038	1236	1249	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27924038	1259	1269	annotation	T170	C1706814
27924038	1284	1290	ncRNAs	T114	C0887909
27924038	1305	1313	spectrum	T077	C2827424
27924038	1317	1328	human cells	T034	C0427861
27924038	1331	1338	tissues	T024	C0040300
27924038	1346	1355	potential	T080	C3245505
27924038	1402	1407	ncRNA	T114	C0887909
27924038	1408	1413	roles	T077	C1705810
27924038	1424	1445	regulatory mechanisms	T045	C0017263
27924038	1449	1454	human	T016	C0086418
27924038	1456	1461	FARNA	T170	C0022752
27924038	1508	1513	farna	T170	C0022752

27924262|t|Mass spectrometric analysis of protein - ligand interactions
27924262|a|The interactions of small molecules with proteins (protein - ligand interactions) mediate various biological phenomena including signal transduction and protein transcription and translation. Synthetic compounds such as drugs can also bind to target proteins, leading to the inhibition of protein - ligand interactions. These interactions typically accompany association - dissociation equilibrium according to the free energy difference between free and bound states; therefore, the quantitative biophysical analysis of the interactions, which uncovers the stoichiometry and dissociation constant, is important for understanding biological reactions as well as for rational drug development. Mass spectrometry (MS) has been used to determine the precise molecular masses of molecules. Recent advancements in MS enable us to determine the molecular masses of protein - ligand complexes without disrupting the non-covalent interactions through the gentle desolvation of the complexes by increasing the vacuum pressure of a chamber in a mass spectrometer. This method is called MS under non-denaturing conditions or native MS and allows the unambiguous determination of protein - ligand interactions. Under a few assumptions, MS has also been applied to determine the dissociation constants for protein - ligand interactions. The structural information of a protein - ligand interaction, such as the location of the interaction and conformational change in a protein, can also be analyzed using hydrogen / deuterium exchange MS. In this paper, we briefly describe the history, principle, and recent applications of MS for the study of protein - ligand interactions.
27924262	0	18	Mass spectrometric	T059	C0037813
27924262	19	27	analysis	T062	C0936012
27924262	31	38	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	41	47	ligand	T103	C0023688
27924262	48	60	interactions	T044	C0687133
27924262	65	77	interactions	T169	C1704675
27924262	81	96	small molecules	T103	C0023688
27924262	102	110	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	112	119	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	122	128	ligand	T103	C0023688
27924262	129	141	interactions	T044	C0687133
27924262	159	179	biological phenomena	T070	C0005520
27924262	190	209	signal transduction	T043	C0037083
27924262	214	221	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	222	235	transcription	T045	C0040649
27924262	240	251	translation	T045	C1519614
27924262	253	262	Synthetic	T073	C0024912
27924262	263	272	compounds	T103	C1706082
27924262	281	286	drugs	T121	C1254351
27924262	296	300	bind	T044	C1167622
27924262	304	319	target proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	336	346	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27924262	350	357	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	360	366	ligand	T103	C0023688
27924262	367	379	interactions	T044	C0687133
27924262	387	399	interactions	T044	C0687133
27924262	420	431	association	T067	C0596306
27924262	434	446	dissociation	T044	C0301643
27924262	447	458	equilibrium	T169	C0205415
27924262	476	487	free energy	T070	C0678591
27924262	507	511	free	T080	C1996904
27924262	516	521	bound	T052	C1145667
27924262	522	528	states	T080	C0348080
27924262	545	557	quantitative	T081	C0034384
27924262	558	569	biophysical	T038	C1511162
27924262	570	578	analysis	T062	C0936012
27924262	586	598	interactions	T044	C0687133
27924262	606	614	uncovers	T052	C1880355
27924262	619	632	stoichiometry	T081	C0597526
27924262	637	649	dissociation	T044	C0301643
27924262	650	658	constant	UnknownType	C0678590
27924262	691	711	biological reactions	T070	C0005520
27924262	727	735	rational	T058	C0278329
27924262	736	740	drug	T121	C1254351
27924262	741	752	development	T169	C1527148
27924262	754	771	Mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27924262	773	775	MS	T059	C0037813
27924262	794	803	determine	T052	C1283174
27924262	808	815	precise	T080	C2828393
27924262	816	832	molecular masses	T081	C3152252
27924262	836	845	molecules	T167	C0567416
27924262	847	853	Recent	T079	C0332185
27924262	854	866	advancements	T077	C2986411
27924262	870	872	MS	T059	C0037813
27924262	900	916	molecular masses	T081	C3152252
27924262	920	927	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	930	936	ligand	T103	C0023688
27924262	937	946	complexes	T116,T123	C1180347
27924262	955	965	disrupting	T080	C0332454
27924262	970	995	non-covalent interactions	T169	C1704675
27924262	1008	1014	gentle	T080	C1638411
27924262	1015	1026	desolvation	T044	C0301643
27924262	1034	1043	complexes	T116,T123	C1180347
27924262	1047	1057	increasing	T169	C0442808
27924262	1062	1068	vacuum	T070	C0042221
27924262	1069	1077	pressure	T081	C4284008
27924262	1083	1090	chamber	T074	C3873712
27924262	1096	1113	mass spectrometer	T074	C0183396
27924262	1120	1126	method	T170	C0025663
27924262	1137	1139	MS	T059	C0037813
27924262	1146	1171	non-denaturing conditions	T080	C0348080
27924262	1175	1181	native	T169	C0302891
27924262	1182	1184	MS	T059	C0037813
27924262	1200	1211	unambiguous	T080	C4053896
27924262	1229	1236	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	1239	1245	ligand	T103	C0023688
27924262	1246	1258	interactions	T044	C0687133
27924262	1285	1287	MS	T059	C0037813
27924262	1327	1339	dissociation	T044	C0301643
27924262	1340	1349	constants	UnknownType	C0678590
27924262	1354	1361	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	1364	1370	ligand	T103	C0023688
27924262	1371	1383	interactions	T044	C0687133
27924262	1389	1399	structural	T082	C0678594
27924262	1400	1411	information	T078	C1533716
27924262	1417	1424	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	1427	1433	ligand	T103	C0023688
27924262	1434	1445	interaction	T044	C0687133
27924262	1459	1467	location	T082	C0450429
27924262	1475	1486	interaction	T044	C0687133
27924262	1491	1512	conformational change	T044	C0301641
27924262	1518	1525	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	1539	1547	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27924262	1554	1562	hydrogen	T196	C0020275
27924262	1565	1583	deuterium exchange	T059	C1257754
27924262	1584	1586	MS	T059	C0037813
27924262	1596	1601	paper	T170	C0282420
27924262	1614	1622	describe	T170	C0684224
27924262	1627	1634	history	T077	C1705255
27924262	1636	1645	principle	T078	C0178566
27924262	1651	1657	recent	T079	C0332185
27924262	1658	1670	applications	T052	C1708476
27924262	1674	1676	MS	T059	C0037813
27924262	1685	1690	study	T062	C0008972
27924262	1694	1701	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27924262	1704	1710	ligand	T103	C0023688
27924262	1711	1723	interactions	T044	C0687133

27924297|t|Datasets for the validation of the " in vivo " siRNA - silencing of CD40 and for the detection of new markers of atherosclerosis progression in ApoE - deficient mice
27924297|a|Data presented in this Data in Brief article correspond to the article " in vivo " silencing of CD40 reduces progression of experimental atherogenesis through a NFκB / miR-125b axis and reveals new potential mediators in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis " (M. Hueso, L. De Ramon, E. Navarro, E. Ripoll, J.M. Cruzado, J.M. Grinyo, J. Torras, 2016) [1]. Here, we describe the validation of the silencing of CD40 expression with a specific siRNA in ApoE(-/-) mouse aortas, and its systemic effects on splenic lymphocytic subpopulations as well as on the infiltration of aortic intima by F4/80(+), galectin-3(+) macrophages or by NF-κB(+) cells. We also show the output of a Gene Ontology and TLDA analysis which allowed the detection of potential mediators of atherosclerosis progression. We provide the scientific community with a set of genes whose expression is increased during atherosclerosis progression but downregulated upon CD40 silencing.
27924297	0	8	Datasets	T170	C0150098
27924297	17	27	validation	T062	C1519941
27924297	37	44	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27924297	47	52	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27924297	55	64	silencing	T045	C0598496
27924297	68	72	CD40	T028	C1539081
27924297	85	94	detection	T061	C1511790
27924297	102	109	markers	T045	C0017393
27924297	113	128	atherosclerosis	T047	C0003850
27924297	129	140	progression	T046	C0242656
27924297	144	148	ApoE	T028	C1412481
27924297	151	160	deficient	T169	C0011155
27924297	161	165	mice	T015	C0025929
27924297	166	170	Data	T078	C1511726
27924297	189	193	Data	T078	C1511726
27924297	239	246	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27924297	249	258	silencing	T045	C0598496
27924297	262	266	CD40	T028	C1539081
27924297	275	286	progression	T046	C0242656
27924297	290	302	experimental	T062	C0681814
27924297	303	316	atherogenesis	T046	C1563937
27924297	327	331	NFκB	T116,T129	C0079904
27924297	334	342	miR-125b	T114	C2352284
27924297	364	373	potential	T080	C3245505
27924297	374	383	mediators	T116,T123	C1363844
27924297	391	403	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27924297	407	422	atherosclerosis	T047	C0003850
27924297	426	434	M. Hueso	T170	C1547383
27924297	436	447	L. De Ramon	T170	C1547383
27924297	449	459	E. Navarro	T170	C1547383
27924297	461	470	E. Ripoll	T170	C1547383
27924297	472	484	J.M. Cruzado	T170	C1547383
27924297	486	497	J.M. Grinyo	T170	C1547383
27924297	499	508	J. Torras	T170	C1547383
27924297	543	553	validation	T062	C1519941
27924297	561	570	silencing	T045	C0598496
27924297	574	578	CD40	T028	C1539081
27924297	579	589	expression	T045	C0017262
27924297	606	611	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
27924297	615	624	ApoE(-/-)	T028	C1412481
27924297	625	630	mouse	T015	C0025929
27924297	631	637	aortas	T023	C0003483
27924297	667	674	splenic	T023	C0037993
27924297	675	701	lymphocytic subpopulations	T185	C0079720
27924297	720	732	infiltration	T046	C0332448
27924297	736	749	aortic intima	T023	C0226009
27924297	753	761	F4/80(+)	T025	C0007634
27924297	763	788	galectin-3(+) macrophages	T025	C0024432
27924297	795	809	NF-κB(+) cells	T025	C0007634
27924297	840	853	Gene Ontology	T170	C1138831
27924297	858	871	TLDA analysis	T062	C0936012
27924297	890	899	detection	T061	C1511790
27924297	903	912	potential	T080	C3245505
27924297	913	922	mediators	T116,T123	C1363844
27924297	926	941	atherosclerosis	T047	C0003850
27924297	942	953	progression	T046	C0242656
27924297	1005	1010	genes	T028	C0017337
27924297	1017	1027	expression	T045	C0017262
27924297	1031	1040	increased	T081	C0205217
27924297	1048	1063	atherosclerosis	T047	C0003850
27924297	1064	1075	progression	T046	C0242656
27924297	1080	1093	downregulated	T044	C0013081
27924297	1099	1103	CD40	T028	C1539081
27924297	1104	1113	silencing	T045	C0598496

27924533|t|Targeting Conserved Genes in Alternaria Species
27924533|a|Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique based on the detection of the fluorescence produced by a reporter molecule, which increases as the reaction proceeds proportionally to the accumulation of the PCR product within each amplification cycle. The fluorescent reporter molecules include dyes that bind to the double-stranded DNA (i.e., SYBR(®) Green) or sequence-specific probes (i.e., Molecular Beacons or TaqMan(®) Probes). Real-time PCR provides a tool for accurate and sensitive quantification of target fungal DNA. Here, we describe a TaqMan real-time PCR method for specific detection and quantification of Alternaria spp. The method uses Alternaria-specific primers and probe, targeting the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2 of the rRNA gene, and a positive amplification control based on 18S rRNA gene.
27924533	0	9	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27924533	10	25	Conserved Genes	T028	C0017337
27924533	29	47	Alternaria Species	T004	C0002343
27924533	48	83	Real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1709846
27924533	85	88	PCR	T063	C1709846
27924533	95	122	molecular biology technique	T059	C0200925
27924533	136	145	detection	T061	C1511790
27924533	153	165	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27924533	180	197	reporter molecule	T167	C0567416
27924533	222	230	reaction	T169	C0443286
27924533	240	254	proportionally	T080	C0205351
27924533	262	274	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27924533	282	285	PCR	T063	C0032520
27924533	306	325	amplification cycle	T045	C0017256
27924533	331	342	fluorescent	T070	C0016315
27924533	343	361	reporter molecules	T167	C0567416
27924533	370	374	dyes	T130	C0016320
27924533	380	384	bind	T044	C1167622
27924533	392	411	double-stranded DNA	T114,T123	C0311474
27924533	419	432	SYBR(®) Green	T130	C1254353
27924533	437	461	sequence-specific probes	T130	C0026381
27924533	469	486	Molecular Beacons	T130	C1254353
27924533	490	506	TaqMan(®) Probes	T130	C1254353
27924533	509	522	Real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
27924533	543	551	accurate	T080	C0443131
27924533	566	580	quantification	T081	C1709793
27924533	584	590	target	T169	C1521840
27924533	591	601	fungal DNA	T114	C0012927
27924533	623	650	TaqMan real-time PCR method	T063	C1709846
27924533	664	673	detection	T061	C1511790
27924533	678	692	quantification	T081	C1709793
27924533	696	710	Alternaria spp	T004	C0002343
27924533	716	722	method	T059	C0871511
27924533	728	755	Alternaria-specific primers	T114	C0206416
27924533	760	765	probe	T130	C0026381
27924533	767	776	targeting	T169	C1521840
27924533	781	808	internal transcribed spacer	T114,T123	C0887858
27924533	817	821	ITS1	T114,T123	C0887858
27924533	826	830	ITS2	T114,T123	C0887858
27924533	838	847	rRNA gene	T028	C0035899
27924533	864	877	amplification	T045	C0017256
27924533	895	908	18S rRNA gene	T028	C0035899

27925180|t|A 16 Yin Yang gene expression ratio signature for ER+ / node- breast cancer
27925180|a|Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. It is a complex and heterogeneous disease with different clinical outcomes. Stratifying patients into subgroups with different outcomes could help guide clinical decision making. In this study, we used two opposing groups of genes, Yin and Yang, to develop a prognostic expression ratio signature. Using the METABRIC cohort we identified a16- gene signature capable of stratifying breast cancer patients into four risk levels with intention that low-risk patients would not undergo adjuvant systemic therapy, intermediate - low-risk patients will be treated with hormonal therapy only, and intermediate -high- and high-risk groups will be treated by chemotherapy in addition to the hormonal therapy. The 16- gene signature for four risk level stratifications of breast cancer patients has been validated using 14 independent datasets. Notably, the low-risk group (n = 51) of 205 estrogen receptor-positive and node negative (ER+ / node-) patients from three different datasets who had not had any systemic adjuvant therapy had 100% 15- year disease-specific survival rate. The Concordance Index of YMR for ER+ / node negative patients is close to the commercially available signatures. However, YMR showed more significance (HR = 3.7, p = 8.7e-12) in stratifying ER+ / node- subgroup than OncotypeDx (HR = 2.7, p = 1.3e-7), MammaPrint (HR = 2.5, p = 5.8e-7), rorS (HR = 2.4, p = 1.4e-6), and NPI (HR = 2.6, p = 1.2e-6). YMR signature may be developed as a clinical tool to select a subgroup of low-risk ER+ / node- patients who do not require any adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT).
27925180	5	13	Yin Yang	T028	C0017337
27925180	14	29	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27925180	30	35	ratio	T081	C0456603
27925180	36	45	signature	T169	C1708225
27925180	50	53	ER+	T191	C2938924
27925180	56	75	node- breast cancer	T191	C3160889
27925180	76	89	Breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27925180	112	118	causes	T169	C0015127
27925180	122	128	cancer	T191	C0006826
27925180	129	134	death	T040	C0011065
27925180	138	143	women	T098	C0043210
27925180	153	160	complex	T080	C0439855
27925180	165	178	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27925180	179	186	disease	T047	C0012634
27925180	202	210	clinical	T080	C0205210
27925180	211	219	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27925180	221	232	Stratifying	T080	C0205363
27925180	233	241	patients	T101	C0030705
27925180	247	256	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27925180	272	280	outcomes	T080	C0085415
27925180	298	322	clinical decision making	T060	C4042877
27925180	332	337	study	T062	C0008972
27925180	360	366	groups	T078	C0441833
27925180	370	375	genes	T028	C0017337
27925180	377	389	Yin and Yang	T028	C0017337
27925180	404	414	prognostic	T201	C1511294
27925180	415	425	expression	T045	C0017262
27925180	426	431	ratio	T081	C0456603
27925180	432	441	signature	T169	C1708225
27925180	453	461	METABRIC	T170	C0242356
27925180	462	468	cohort	T062	C0086027
27925180	488	502	gene signature	T169	C1708225
27925180	514	525	stratifying	T080	C0205363
27925180	526	539	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27925180	540	548	patients	T101	C0030705
27925180	559	570	risk levels	T080	C3166291
27925180	591	599	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27925180	600	608	patients	T101	C0030705
27925180	627	635	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
27925180	636	652	systemic therapy	T061	C1515119
27925180	654	666	intermediate	T082	C0205103
27925180	669	677	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27925180	678	686	patients	T101	C0030705
27925180	695	707	treated with	T061	C0332293
27925180	708	724	hormonal therapy	T061	C0279025
27925180	735	747	intermediate	T082	C0205103
27925180	759	775	high-risk groups	T098	C0684030
27925180	784	791	treated	T061	C0332293
27925180	795	807	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27925180	827	843	hormonal therapy	T061	C0279025
27925180	853	867	gene signature	T169	C1708225
27925180	877	887	risk level	T080	C3166291
27925180	888	903	stratifications	T185	C0008902
27925180	907	920	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
27925180	921	929	patients	T101	C0030705
27925180	939	948	validated	T062	C1519941
27925180	970	978	datasets	T170	C0150098
27925180	993	1001	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27925180	1002	1007	group	T098	C1257890
27925180	1024	1050	estrogen receptor-positive	T191	C2938924
27925180	1055	1068	node negative	T191	C3160889
27925180	1070	1073	ER+	T191	C2938924
27925180	1076	1081	node-	T191	C3160889
27925180	1083	1091	patients	T101	C0030705
27925180	1113	1121	datasets	T170	C0150098
27925180	1151	1167	adjuvant therapy	T061	C0677850
27925180	1181	1185	year	T079	C0439234
27925180	1186	1216	disease-specific survival rate	T081	C2986538
27925180	1222	1239	Concordance Index	T170	C0918012
27925180	1243	1246	YMR	T060	C2698560
27925180	1251	1254	ER+	T191	C2938924
27925180	1257	1270	node negative	T191	C3160889
27925180	1271	1279	patients	T101	C0030705
27925180	1296	1308	commercially	T170	C0680536
27925180	1319	1329	signatures	T169	C1708225
27925180	1340	1343	YMR	T060	C2698560
27925180	1356	1368	significance	T078	C0750502
27925180	1370	1372	HR	T081	C2985465
27925180	1396	1407	stratifying	T080	C0205363
27925180	1408	1411	ER+	T191	C2938924
27925180	1414	1419	node-	T191	C3160889
27925180	1420	1428	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27925180	1434	1444	OncotypeDx	T060	C2698560
27925180	1446	1448	HR	T081	C2985465
27925180	1469	1479	MammaPrint	T059	C2827401
27925180	1481	1483	HR	T081	C2985465
27925180	1504	1508	rorS	T060	C2698560
27925180	1510	1512	HR	T081	C2985465
27925180	1537	1540	NPI	T060	C2698560
27925180	1542	1544	HR	T081	C2985465
27925180	1565	1568	YMR	T060	C2698560
27925180	1569	1578	signature	T169	C1708225
27925180	1601	1609	clinical	T080	C0205210
27925180	1610	1614	tool	T170	C0037589
27925180	1627	1635	subgroup	T185	C1515021
27925180	1639	1647	low-risk	T081	C3538919
27925180	1648	1651	ER+	T191	C2938924
27925180	1654	1659	node-	T191	C3160889
27925180	1660	1668	patients	T101	C0030705
27925180	1692	1700	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
27925180	1701	1717	hormonal therapy	T061	C0279025
27925180	1719	1722	AHT	T061	C0279025

27925484|t|Risk Factors Associated With Repeated HIV Testing Among Internet -Using Men Who Have Sex With Men
27925484|a|Men who have sex with men (MSM) represent a disproportionately impacted risk group for HIV incidence among at-risk U.S. Few studies have identified risk factors associated with HIV testing frequency both within and outside of traditional health care settings. MSM enrolled in a prospective cohort were mailed at-home specimen collection kits and followed for a year. Incidence density rate ratios (IDRR) of testing were calculated, and generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between HIV testing and behavioral factors. The incidence rate of testing was higher among Black MSM than White MSM (IDRR: 1.3, 95% confidence interval CI [1.1, 1.5]) and higher among MSM who reported 3+ condomless anal intercourse partners (CAI) than MSM who reported no CAI (IDRR: 1.6, 95% CI [1.3, 2.0]). Increasing availability of HIV testing outside traditional health care settings, including at-home testing kits, in conjunction with targeted behavioral interventions and biomedical treatment preventions is needed.
27925484	0	12	Risk Factors	T033	C0035648
27925484	13	28	Associated With	T080	C0332281
27925484	29	37	Repeated	T169	C0205341
27925484	38	49	HIV Testing	T059	C0459958
27925484	56	64	Internet	T073	C0282111
27925484	72	97	Men Who Have Sex With Men	T098	C2827413
27925484	98	123	Men who have sex with men	T098	C2827413
27925484	125	128	MSM	T098	C2827413
27925484	130	139	represent	T052	C1882932
27925484	142	160	disproportionately	T080	C0205350
27925484	161	169	impacted	T169	C0333125
27925484	170	180	risk group	T098	C0684030
27925484	185	188	HIV	T005	C0019682
27925484	189	198	incidence	T081	C0021149
27925484	205	212	at-risk	T080	C1444641
27925484	213	216	U.S	T083	C0041703
27925484	222	229	studies	T062	C2603343
27925484	235	245	identified	T080	C0205396
27925484	246	258	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27925484	259	274	associated with	T080	C0332281
27925484	275	286	HIV testing	T059	C0459958
27925484	287	296	frequency	T081	C0871396
27925484	302	308	within	T082	C0332285
27925484	313	320	outside	T082	C0205101
27925484	336	356	health care settings	T058	C0086388
27925484	358	361	MSM	T098	C2827413
27925484	376	394	prospective cohort	T062	C1709709
27925484	400	406	mailed	T073	C0024492
27925484	407	439	at-home specimen collection kits	T074	C0025080
27925484	444	452	followed	T079	C1254367
27925484	459	463	year	T079	C0439234
27925484	465	494	Incidence density rate ratios	T081	C0456603
27925484	496	500	IDRR	T081	C0456603
27925484	505	512	testing	T169	C0039593
27925484	518	528	calculated	T052	C1441506
27925484	534	545	generalized	T082	C0205246
27925484	546	556	estimating	T081	C0750572
27925484	557	566	equations	T077	C0552449
27925484	592	603	association	T080	C0439849
27925484	612	623	HIV testing	T059	C0459958
27925484	628	638	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27925484	639	646	factors	T169	C1521761
27925484	652	666	incidence rate	T081	C1708485
27925484	670	677	testing	T169	C0039593
27925484	682	688	higher	T080	C0205250
27925484	695	700	Black	T098	C0005680
27925484	701	704	MSM	T098	C2827413
27925484	710	715	White	T098	C0007457
27925484	716	719	MSM	T098	C2827413
27925484	721	725	IDRR	T081	C0456603
27925484	736	755	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27925484	756	758	CI	T081	C0009667
27925484	775	781	higher	T080	C0205250
27925484	788	791	MSM	T098	C2827413
27925484	808	818	condomless	T033	C0848723
27925484	808	844	condomless anal intercourse partners	T098	C0036911
27925484	819	823	anal	T023	C0003461
27925484	846	849	CAI	T098	C0036911
27925484	856	859	MSM	T098	C2827413
27925484	873	875	no	T033	C0205160
27925484	876	879	CAI	T098	C0036911
27925484	881	885	IDRR	T081	C0456603
27925484	896	898	CI	T081	C0009667
27925484	912	922	Increasing	T169	C0442808
27925484	923	938	availability of	T169	C0470187
27925484	939	950	HIV testing	T059	C0459958
27925484	951	958	outside	T082	C0205101
27925484	971	991	health care settings	T058	C0086388
27925484	1003	1023	at-home testing kits	T074	C0973155
27925484	1028	1039	conjunction	T078	C2699427
27925484	1045	1053	targeted	T169	C1521840
27925484	1054	1064	behavioral	T053	C0004927
27925484	1065	1078	interventions	T169	C1314939
27925484	1083	1093	biomedical	T091	C1879848
27925484	1094	1115	treatment preventions	T061	C0087111

27925527|t|nursingstandard.com
27925527|a|1 Nurse Donna Wood has been suspended for 2 months by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) for concealing the high temperature of colleague Pauline Cafferkey, who later developed Ebola. Read more: rcni.com/donna-wood.
27925527	0	19	nursingstandard.com	T170	C2349146
27925527	22	27	Nurse	T097	C0028661
27925527	48	57	suspended	T169	C1705537
27925527	64	70	months	T079	C0439231
27925527	78	107	Nursing and Midwifery Council	T094	C0033282
27925527	109	112	NMC	T094	C0033282
27925527	118	128	concealing	T080	C0443189
27925527	133	149	high temperature	T184	C0015967
27925527	153	162	colleague	T097	C0028661
27925527	202	207	Ebola	T047	C0282687
27925527	220	239	rcni.com/donna-wood	T170	C2349146

27926483|t|The metastasis suppressor CD82/KAI1 inhibits fibronectin adhesion - induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells by repressing the associated integrin signaling
27926483|a|The transmembrane protein CD82/KAI1 suppresses the metastatic potential of various cancer cell types. Moreover, decrease or loss of CD82 expression is closely associated with malignancy and poor prognosis in many human cancers including prostate cancer. Despite intense scrutiny, the mechanisms underlying the metastasis - suppressing role of CD82 are still not fully understood. Here, we found that a fibronectin matrix induced mesenchymal phenotypes in human prostate cancer cells with no or low CD82 expression levels. However, high CD82 expression rendered prostate cancer cells to have intensified epithelial characteristics upon fibronectin engagement, along with decreased cell motility and invasiveness. The CD82 function of inhibiting fibronectin - induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was dependent not only on CD82 interactions with fibronectin - binding α3β1 / α5β1 integrins but also on the integrin-mediated intracellular signaling events. Notably, CD82 attenuated the FAK-Src and ILK pathways downstream of the fibronectin - receptor integrins. Immunofluorescence staining of human prostate cancer tissue specimens illustrated a negative association of CD82 with EMT -related gene expression as well as prostate malignancy. Altogether, these results suggest that CD82 suppresses EMT in prostate cancer cells adhered to the fibronectin matrix by repressing adhesion signaling through lateral interactions with the associated α3β1 and α5β1 integrins, leading to reduced cell migration and invasive capacities.
27926483	4	25	metastasis suppressor	T028	C0949486
27926483	26	35	CD82/KAI1	T116,T129	C1528437
27926483	36	44	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27926483	45	56	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
27926483	57	65	adhesion	T043	C0007577
27926483	68	75	induced	T169	C0205263
27926483	76	112	epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27926483	116	124	prostate	T023	C0033572
27926483	125	137	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27926483	141	151	repressing	T169	C0205245
27926483	156	166	associated	T080	C0332281
27926483	167	185	integrin signaling	T044	C1512812
27926483	190	211	transmembrane protein	T116	C0021699
27926483	212	221	CD82/KAI1	T116,T129	C1528437
27926483	222	232	suppresses	T169	C1260953
27926483	237	247	metastatic	T169	C1522484
27926483	248	257	potential	T080	C3245505
27926483	269	280	cancer cell	T025	C0334227
27926483	281	286	types	T080	C0332307
27926483	298	306	decrease	T081	C0547047
27926483	310	314	loss	T081	C1517945
27926483	318	322	CD82	T116,T129	C1528437
27926483	323	333	expression	T045	C1171362
27926483	345	360	associated with	T080	C0332281
27926483	361	371	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27926483	376	390	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27926483	399	404	human	T016	C0086418
27926483	405	412	cancers	T191	C0006826
27926483	423	438	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27926483	470	480	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27926483	496	506	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27926483	509	520	suppressing	T169	C1260953
27926483	529	533	CD82	T116,T129	C1528437
27926483	588	599	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
27926483	600	606	matrix	T024	C0015350
27926483	607	614	induced	T169	C0205263
27926483	615	626	mesenchymal	T080	C1513143
27926483	627	637	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27926483	641	646	human	T016	C0086418
27926483	647	655	prostate	T023	C0033572
27926483	656	668	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27926483	684	688	CD82	T116,T129	C1528437
27926483	689	699	expression	T045	C1171362
27926483	700	706	levels	T080	C0441889
27926483	722	726	CD82	T116,T129	C1528437
27926483	727	737	expression	T045	C1171362
27926483	747	755	prostate	T023	C0033572
27926483	756	768	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27926483	789	799	epithelial	T080	C0221908
27926483	800	815	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27926483	821	832	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
27926483	856	865	decreased	T081	C0205216
27926483	866	879	cell motility	T040	C0007608
27926483	884	896	invasiveness	T046	C0920779
27926483	902	906	CD82	T116,T129	C1528437
27926483	907	915	function	T169	C0542341
27926483	919	929	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27926483	930	941	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
27926483	944	951	induced	T169	C0205263
27926483	952	988	epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
27926483	990	993	EMT	T043	C1523298
27926483	1021	1025	CD82	T116,T129	C1528437
27926483	1026	1038	interactions	T044	C0872079
27926483	1044	1055	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
27926483	1058	1065	binding	T044	C0033618
27926483	1066	1070	α3β1	T116,T192	C0246766
27926483	1073	1087	α5β1 integrins	T116,T192	C1138422
27926483	1104	1145	integrin-mediated intracellular signaling	T044	C1155451
27926483	1146	1152	events	T051	C0441471
27926483	1163	1167	CD82	T116,T129	C1528437
27926483	1168	1178	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27926483	1183	1190	FAK-Src	T044	C1148560
27926483	1195	1207	ILK pathways	T044	C1148560
27926483	1208	1218	downstream	T082	C0522506
27926483	1226	1237	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
27926483	1240	1258	receptor integrins	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27926483	1260	1278	Immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
27926483	1279	1287	staining	T059	C0487602
27926483	1291	1296	human	T016	C0086418
27926483	1297	1312	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
27926483	1313	1329	tissue specimens	T024	C1292533
27926483	1344	1352	negative	T033	C0205160
27926483	1353	1364	association	T080	C0439849
27926483	1368	1372	CD82	T116,T129	C1528437
27926483	1378	1381	EMT	T043	C1523298
27926483	1391	1406	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27926483	1418	1426	prostate	T023	C0033572
27926483	1427	1437	malignancy	T191	C4282132
27926483	1478	1482	CD82	T028	C0812444
27926483	1483	1493	suppresses	T169	C1260953
27926483	1494	1497	EMT	T043	C1523298
27926483	1501	1509	prostate	T023	C0033572
27926483	1510	1522	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27926483	1538	1549	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
27926483	1550	1556	matrix	T024	C0015350
27926483	1560	1570	repressing	T169	C0205245
27926483	1571	1589	adhesion signaling	T169	C2984273
27926483	1598	1605	lateral	T082	C0205093
27926483	1606	1618	interactions	T169	C1704675
27926483	1628	1638	associated	T080	C0332281
27926483	1639	1643	α3β1	T116,T192	C0246766
27926483	1648	1662	α5β1 integrins	T116,T192	C1138422
27926483	1675	1682	reduced	T080	C0392756
27926483	1683	1697	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27926483	1702	1710	invasive	T046	C0920779
27926483	1711	1721	capacities	T081	C1516240

27926583|t|Evaluation of the Financial and Health Burden of Infants at Risk for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
27926583|a|Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading viral cause of death in infants younger than 1 year. In July 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee on Infectious Diseases concluded that the " limited clinical benefit " for infants born at more than 29 weeks' gestation, together with the associated high cost of the immunoprophylaxis, no longer supported the routine use of palivizumab (Synagis). To evaluate the impact of the newly adopted AAP palivizumab prophylaxis administration on health and subsequent hospital costs of infants born between 29 and less than 32 weeks' gestation. A retrospective cohort analysis from a single institution across the duration of the study comparing the clinical and financial outcomes of infants (aged < 32 weeks) treated under the 2009 AAP guidelines (PRE) and infants (aged >29 weeks) managed after the 2014 AAP guidelines (POST) took effect. RSV-positive admissions were greater in the POST cohort versus the PRE cohor t (P = .04). There were no readmission deaths due to RSV infection in either cohort. The number needed to treat to avoid a single RSV-positive hospitalization was 20 infants at an estimated palivizumab cost of $90,000 to avoid an estimated hospital cost of $29,000. Assessment of individual risk factors and their ability to predict severe RSV risk / disease, thus, would allow providers greater flexibility in determining need for prophylaxis therapy. Longitudinal evaluation of financial and clinical outcomes is needed to determine the impact of the 2014 AAP revised regulatory guidelines.
27926583	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27926583	18	27	Financial	T081	C1512163
27926583	32	45	Health Burden	T078	C2828008
27926583	49	56	Infants	T100	C0021270
27926583	60	64	Risk	T078	C0035647
27926583	69	96	Respiratory Syncytial Virus	T005	C0035236
27926583	97	124	Respiratory syncytial virus	T005	C0035236
27926583	126	129	RSV	T005	C0035236
27926583	146	166	viral cause of death	T033	C0007465
27926583	170	177	infants	T100	C0021270
27926583	193	197	year	T079	C0439234
27926583	217	263	American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Committee	T093	C1708333
27926583	267	286	Infectious Diseases	T047	C0009450
27926583	308	315	limited	T169	C0439801
27926583	316	324	clinical	T080	C0205210
27926583	325	332	benefit	T081	C0814225
27926583	339	346	infants	T100	C0021270
27926583	368	385	weeks' gestation,	T033	C1135241
27926583	420	424	cost	T081	C0010186
27926583	432	449	immunoprophylaxis	T061	C0020971
27926583	451	460	no longer	T033	C3242381
27926583	483	489	use of	T169	C1524063
27926583	490	501	palivizumab	T116,T121,T129	C0672596
27926583	503	510	Synagis	T116,T121,T129	C0723567
27926583	516	524	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27926583	529	535	impact	T080	C4049986
27926583	557	560	AAP	T093	C1708333
27926583	561	572	palivizumab	T116,T121,T129	C0672596
27926583	573	599	prophylaxis administration	T061	C0199176
27926583	603	609	health	T078	C0018684
27926583	625	639	hospital costs	T081	C0206174
27926583	643	650	infants	T100	C0021270
27926583	684	700	weeks' gestation	T033	C1135241
27926583	704	717	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27926583	718	733	cohort analysis	T062	C0086027
27926583	748	759	institution	T078	C1272753
27926583	771	779	duration	T079	C0449238
27926583	787	792	study	T062	C2603343
27926583	807	815	clinical	T169	C1274040
27926583	820	838	financial outcomes	T169	C1274040
27926583	842	849	infants	T100	C0021270
27926583	851	855	aged	T032	C0001779
27926583	861	866	weeks	T079	C0439230
27926583	868	875	treated	T033	C0332154
27926583	891	894	AAP	T093	C1708333
27926583	895	905	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27926583	916	923	infants	T100	C0021270
27926583	925	929	aged	T032	C0001779
27926583	934	939	weeks	T079	C0439230
27926583	964	978	AAP guidelines	T170	C0282574
27926583	999	1011	RSV-positive	T034	C1254360
27926583	1012	1022	admissions	T058	C0184666
27926583	1043	1054	POST cohort	T098	C0599755
27926583	1066	1075	PRE cohor	T098	C0599755
27926583	1100	1102	no	T033	C1513916
27926583	1103	1114	readmission	T058	C0184666
27926583	1115	1121	deaths	T040	C0011065
27926583	1129	1132	RSV	T005	C0035236
27926583	1133	1142	infection	T046	C3714514
27926583	1153	1159	cohort	T098	C0599755
27926583	1206	1218	RSV-positive	T034	C1254360
27926583	1219	1234	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
27926583	1242	1249	infants	T100	C0021270
27926583	1266	1277	palivizumab	T116,T121,T129	C0672596
27926583	1278	1282	cost	T081	C0010186
27926583	1316	1329	hospital cost	T081	C0206174
27926583	1342	1352	Assessment	T058	C0220825
27926583	1367	1379	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27926583	1416	1424	RSV risk	T080	C1444641
27926583	1427	1434	disease	T047	C0012634
27926583	1508	1527	prophylaxis therapy	T061	C0199176
27926583	1529	1552	Longitudinal evaluation	T058	C0220825
27926583	1556	1565	financial	T169	C1274040
27926583	1570	1587	clinical outcomes	T169	C1274040
27926583	1634	1637	AAP	T093	C1708333
27926583	1646	1667	regulatory guidelines	T170	C0162791

27926871|t|In Vivo Visualization of Cardiomyocyte Apicobasal Polarity Reveals Epithelial to Mesenchymal-like Transition during Cardiac Trabeculation
27926871|a|Despite great strides in understanding cardiac trabeculation, many mechanistic aspects remain unclear. To elucidate how cardiomyocyte shape changes are regulated during this process, we engineered transgenes to label their apical and basolateral membranes. Using these tools, we observed that compact-layer cardiomyocytes are clearly polarized while delaminating cardiomyocytes have lost their polarity. The apical transgene also enabled the imaging of cardiomyocyte apical constriction in real time. Furthermore, we found that Neuregulin signaling and blood flow / cardiac contractility are required for cardiomyocyte apical constriction and depolarization. Notably, we observed the activation of Notch signaling in cardiomyocytes adjacent to those undergoing apical constriction, and we showed that this activation is positively regulated by Neuregulin signaling. Inhibition of Notch signaling did not increase the percentage of cardiomyocytes undergoing apical constriction or of trabecular cardiomyocytes. These studies provide information about cardiomyocyte polarization and enhance our understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying ventricular morphogenesis and maturation.
27926871	0	7	In Vivo	T082	C1515655
27926871	8	21	Visualization	T060	C0178707
27926871	25	38	Cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27926871	39	58	Apicobasal Polarity	T082	C0085304
27926871	59	66	Reveals	T080	C0443289
27926871	67	77	Epithelial	T080	C0221908
27926871	81	97	Mesenchymal-like	T080	C1513143
27926871	98	108	Transition	T052	C2700061
27926871	116	137	Cardiac Trabeculation	T042	C2610489
27926871	177	198	cardiac trabeculation	T042	C2610489
27926871	205	224	mechanistic aspects	T080	C0205556
27926871	225	239	remain unclear	T033	C3845108
27926871	258	271	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27926871	272	277	shape	T032	C0162657
27926871	278	285	changes	T169	C0392747
27926871	290	299	regulated	T169	C0205245
27926871	312	319	process	T067	C1522240
27926871	324	334	engineered	T063	C0017387
27926871	335	345	transgenes	T028	C0282641
27926871	349	354	label	T130	C1522485
27926871	361	367	apical	T026	C0596119
27926871	372	393	basolateral membranes	T026	C0596156
27926871	417	425	observed	T169	C1441672
27926871	431	444	compact-layer	T033	C1333134
27926871	445	459	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27926871	472	481	polarized	T043	C1156002
27926871	488	500	delaminating	T043	C2678506
27926871	501	515	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27926871	521	525	lost	T169	C0745777
27926871	532	540	polarity	T082	C0085304
27926871	546	552	apical	T026	C0596119
27926871	553	562	transgene	T028	C0282641
27926871	580	587	imaging	T060	C0079595
27926871	591	604	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27926871	605	624	apical constriction	T043	C2753779
27926871	666	676	Neuregulin	T116,T125	C0752253
27926871	677	686	signaling	T038	C3537152
27926871	691	701	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27926871	704	725	cardiac contractility	T042	C1258017
27926871	730	738	required	T169	C1514873
27926871	743	756	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27926871	757	776	apical constriction	T043	C2753779
27926871	781	795	depolarization	T046	C1395184
27926871	809	817	observed	T169	C1441672
27926871	822	832	activation	T052	C1879547
27926871	836	851	Notch signaling	T044	C1155452
27926871	855	869	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27926871	899	918	apical constriction	T043	C2753779
27926871	944	954	activation	T052	C1879547
27926871	958	968	positively	T033	C1446409
27926871	969	978	regulated	T169	C0205245
27926871	982	992	Neuregulin	T116,T125	C0752253
27926871	993	1002	signaling	T038	C3537152
27926871	1004	1014	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27926871	1018	1033	Notch signaling	T044	C1155452
27926871	1042	1050	increase	T169	C0442805
27926871	1055	1065	percentage	T081	C0439165
27926871	1069	1083	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27926871	1095	1114	apical constriction	T043	C2753779
27926871	1121	1146	trabecular cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
27926871	1170	1181	information	T078	C1533716
27926871	1188	1201	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
27926871	1202	1214	polarization	T043	C1156002
27926871	1219	1226	enhance	T052	C2349975
27926871	1252	1270	complex mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27926871	1282	1293	ventricular	T082	C1522565
27926871	1294	1307	morphogenesis	T040	C0026559
27926871	1312	1322	maturation	T040	C0678723

27927071|t|Investigation on evaluation criteria of backwashing effects for a pilot-scale BAF treating petrochemical wastewater
27927071|a|Parameters for evaluation criteria of air - water backwashing effect s of a pilot-scale biological aerated filter (BAF) treating petrochemical wastewater were investigated. The parameters included the suspended solids (SS) and specific oxygen uptake rate (SOUR) of the backwashing effluent, recovery of the BAF after backwashing, and the removal of the biomass / bioactivity attached on the filter media after backwashing. Results showed that the weight of the total sludge produced in the backwashing effluent increased with the increase in water - backwashing intensity, while the total SOUR of backwashing effluent rose notably with the increase of air - backwashing intensity. The optimal backwashing intensity of 14 L/(m(2)·s) for air and 4 L/(m(2)·s) for water were obtained. When the BAF was backwashed on this condition, the BAF recovered with high average removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen [Formula: see text] of 14.3% and 50.3%, respectively. High amount of biomass removal at 15.8% and low level of bioactivity removal at 8.8% attached on the filter media were also found. Concentrations of the benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and (o-, m-, p-) xylenes (BTEX) and phenol in the backwashed sludge were analyzed, showing that the backwashing was essential to remove some aromatic compounds adsorbed in the microorganisms.
27927071	0	13	Investigation	T170	C1552578
27927071	17	27	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27927071	28	36	criteria	T078	C0243161
27927071	40	51	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	52	59	effects	T080	C1280500
27927071	66	77	pilot-scale	T062	C0031928
27927071	78	81	BAF	T073	C0180861
27927071	82	90	treating	T169	C1522326
27927071	91	104	petrochemical	T103	C0220806
27927071	105	115	wastewater	T069	C3494254
27927071	116	126	Parameters	T077	C0549193
27927071	131	141	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27927071	142	150	criteria	T078	C0243161
27927071	154	157	air	T167	C0001861
27927071	160	165	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27927071	166	177	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	178	184	effect	T080	C1280500
27927071	192	203	pilot-scale	T062	C0031928
27927071	204	229	biological aerated filter	T073	C0180861
27927071	231	234	BAF	T073	C0180861
27927071	236	244	treating	T169	C1522326
27927071	245	258	petrochemical	T103	C0220806
27927071	259	269	wastewater	T069	C3494254
27927071	275	287	investigated	T169	C1292732
27927071	293	303	parameters	T077	C0549193
27927071	317	326	suspended	T169	C1705537
27927071	327	333	solids	T167	C0302909
27927071	335	337	SS	T167	C0302909
27927071	343	370	specific oxygen uptake rate	T033	C0429627
27927071	372	376	SOUR	T033	C0429627
27927071	385	396	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	397	405	effluent	T170	C1546612
27927071	407	415	recovery	T052	C0237820
27927071	423	426	BAF	T073	C0180861
27927071	433	444	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	454	461	removal	T052	C1883720
27927071	469	476	biomass	T081	C0005535
27927071	479	490	bioactivity	T080	C0205556
27927071	491	499	attached	T067	C3714578
27927071	507	513	filter	T073	C0180861
27927071	514	519	media	T167	C1705217
27927071	526	537	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	539	546	Results	T169	C1274040
27927071	563	569	weight	T081	C0043100
27927071	577	582	total	T080	C0439810
27927071	583	589	sludge	T069	C0282346
27927071	606	617	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	618	626	effluent	T170	C1546612
27927071	627	636	increased	T081	C0205217
27927071	646	654	increase	T169	C0442805
27927071	658	663	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27927071	666	677	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	678	687	intensity	T080	C0522510
27927071	699	704	total	T080	C0439810
27927071	705	709	SOUR	T033	C0429627
27927071	713	724	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	725	733	effluent	T170	C1546612
27927071	739	746	notably	T080	C4288581
27927071	756	764	increase	T169	C0442805
27927071	768	771	air	T167	C0001861
27927071	774	785	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	786	795	intensity	T080	C0522510
27927071	801	808	optimal	T080	C2698651
27927071	809	820	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	821	830	intensity	T080	C0522510
27927071	852	855	air	T167	C0001861
27927071	877	882	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27927071	888	896	obtained	T169	C1301820
27927071	907	910	BAF	T073	C0180861
27927071	915	925	backwashed	T067	C1522240
27927071	949	952	BAF	T073	C0180861
27927071	953	962	recovered	T080	C0521108
27927071	968	972	high	T080	C0205250
27927071	973	980	average	T081	C1510992
27927071	981	988	removal	T052	C1883720
27927071	992	1014	chemical oxygen demand	T038	C2936287
27927071	1016	1019	COD	T038	C2936287
27927071	1025	1041	ammonia nitrogen	T197	C0368666
27927071	1096	1100	High	T080	C0205250
27927071	1101	1107	amount	T081	C1265611
27927071	1111	1118	biomass	T081	C0005535
27927071	1119	1126	removal	T052	C1883720
27927071	1140	1143	low	T080	C0205251
27927071	1144	1149	level	T080	C0441889
27927071	1153	1164	bioactivity	T080	C0205556
27927071	1165	1172	removal	T052	C1883720
27927071	1181	1189	attached	T067	C3714578
27927071	1197	1203	filter	T073	C0180861
27927071	1204	1209	media	T167	C1705217
27927071	1227	1241	Concentrations	T081	C1446561
27927071	1249	1256	benzene	T109,T131	C0005036
27927071	1258	1265	toluene	T109	C0040383
27927071	1267	1279	ethylbenzene	T109,T130	C0059792
27927071	1284	1304	(o-, m-, p-) xylenes	T109,T130	C0043368
27927071	1306	1310	BTEX	T109	C0029224
27927071	1316	1322	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
27927071	1330	1340	backwashed	T067	C1522240
27927071	1341	1347	sludge	T069	C0282346
27927071	1353	1361	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27927071	1380	1391	backwashing	T067	C1522240
27927071	1396	1405	essential	T080	C0205224
27927071	1409	1415	remove	T052	C1883720
27927071	1421	1439	aromatic compounds	T109	C1510940
27927071	1440	1448	adsorbed	T059	C0001674
27927071	1456	1470	microorganisms	T001	C0445623

27927213|t|Living on the edge: substrate competition explains loss of robustness in mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation disorders
27927213|a|Defects in genes involved in mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation (mFAO) reduce the ability of patients to cope with metabolic challenges. mFAO enzymes accept multiple substrates of different chain length, leading to molecular competition among the substrates. Here, we combined computational modeling with quantitative mouse and patient data to investigate whether substrate competition affects pathway robustness in mFAO disorders. First, we used comprehensive biochemical analyses of wild-type mice and mice deficient for medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) to parameterize a detailed computational model of mFAO. Model simulations predicted that MCAD deficiency would have no effect on the pathway flux at low concentrations of the mFAO substrate palmitoyl-CoA. However, high concentrations of palmitoyl-CoA would induce a decline in flux and an accumulation of intermediate metabolites. We proved computationally that the predicted overload behavior was due to substrate competition in the pathway. Second, to study the clinical relevance of this mechanism, we used patients ' metabolite profiles and generated a humanized version of the computational model. While molecular competition did not affect the plasma metabolite profiles during MCAD deficiency, it was a key factor in explaining the characteristic acylcarnitine profiles of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient patients. The patient-specific computational models allowed us to predict the severity of the disease phenotype, providing a proof of principle for the systems medicine approach. We conclude that substrate competition is at the basis of the physiology seen in patients with mFAO disorders, a finding that may explain why these patients run a risk of a life-threatening metabolic catastrophe.
27927213	20	29	substrate	T167	C3891814
27927213	30	41	competition	T080	C0086035
27927213	51	55	loss	T081	C1517945
27927213	59	69	robustness	T080	C2986815
27927213	73	86	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27927213	87	117	fatty-acid oxidation disorders	T047	C1456270
27927213	118	125	Defects	T169	C1457869
27927213	129	134	genes	T028	C0017337
27927213	147	160	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27927213	161	181	fatty-acid oxidation	T044	C1158366
27927213	183	187	mFAO	T044	C1158366
27927213	189	195	reduce	T080	C0392756
27927213	200	207	ability	T032	C0085732
27927213	211	219	patients	T101	C0030705
27927213	233	253	metabolic challenges	T169	C0025520
27927213	255	259	mFAO	T044	C1158366
27927213	260	267	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27927213	275	283	multiple	T081	C0439064
27927213	284	294	substrates	T167	C3891814
27927213	308	320	chain length	T081	C0596310
27927213	333	342	molecular	T080	C1521991
27927213	343	354	competition	T080	C0086035
27927213	365	375	substrates	T167	C3891814
27927213	395	417	computational modeling	T059	C4297010
27927213	423	435	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27927213	436	441	mouse	T015	C0026809
27927213	446	458	patient data	T170	C2707520
27927213	462	473	investigate	T169	C1292732
27927213	482	491	substrate	T167	C3891814
27927213	492	503	competition	T080	C0086035
27927213	512	519	pathway	T077	C1705987
27927213	520	530	robustness	T080	C2986815
27927213	534	548	mFAO disorders	T047	C1456270
27927213	565	578	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27927213	579	590	biochemical	T169	C0205474
27927213	591	599	analyses	T062	C0936012
27927213	603	612	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27927213	613	617	mice	T015	C0025929
27927213	622	636	mice deficient	T015	C0206745
27927213	641	676	medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0050688
27927213	678	682	MCAD	T116,T126	C0050688
27927213	711	730	computational model	T170	C3161035
27927213	734	738	mFAO	T044	C1158366
27927213	740	745	Model	T170	C3161035
27927213	746	757	simulations	T062	C0679083
27927213	758	767	predicted	T078	C0681842
27927213	773	788	MCAD deficiency	T047	C0220710
27927213	800	809	no effect	T080	C1301751
27927213	817	824	pathway	T044	C1704259
27927213	825	829	flux	T070	C2348693
27927213	833	851	low concentrations	T081	C0392762
27927213	859	863	mFAO	T044	C1158366
27927213	864	873	substrate	T167	C3891814
27927213	874	887	palmitoyl-CoA	T114,T123	C0030239
27927213	898	917	high concentrations	T081	C0392762
27927213	921	934	palmitoyl-CoA	T114,T123	C0030239
27927213	941	947	induce	T169	C0205263
27927213	950	957	decline	T081	C0547047
27927213	961	965	flux	T070	C2348693
27927213	973	985	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27927213	989	1013	intermediate metabolites	T123	C0870883
27927213	1025	1040	computationally	T052	C1880157
27927213	1050	1059	predicted	T078	C0681842
27927213	1060	1077	overload behavior	T046	C0030660
27927213	1089	1098	substrate	T167	C3891814
27927213	1099	1110	competition	T080	C0086035
27927213	1118	1125	pathway	T077	C1705987
27927213	1138	1143	study	T062	C2603343
27927213	1148	1156	clinical	T080	C0205210
27927213	1157	1166	relevance	T080	C2347946
27927213	1175	1184	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27927213	1194	1202	patients	T101	C0030705
27927213	1205	1224	metabolite profiles	T039	C3853758
27927213	1241	1258	humanized version	T016	C0086418
27927213	1266	1285	computational model	T170	C3161035
27927213	1293	1302	molecular	T080	C1521991
27927213	1303	1314	competition	T080	C0086035
27927213	1334	1340	plasma	T031	C0032105
27927213	1341	1360	metabolite profiles	T039	C3853758
27927213	1368	1372	MCAD	T116,T126	C0050688
27927213	1373	1383	deficiency	T047	C0220710
27927213	1394	1404	key factor	T169	C1521761
27927213	1423	1437	characteristic	T080	C1521970
27927213	1438	1460	acylcarnitine profiles	T201	C2598335
27927213	1464	1505	multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficient	T047	C0268596
27927213	1506	1514	patients	T101	C0030705
27927213	1520	1557	patient-specific computational models	T066	C3850009
27927213	1572	1579	predict	T078	C0681842
27927213	1584	1592	severity	T080	C0439793
27927213	1600	1617	disease phenotype	T032	C4086242
27927213	1658	1665	systems	T169	C0449913
27927213	1666	1683	medicine approach	T091	C0025118
27927213	1702	1711	substrate	T167	C3891814
27927213	1712	1723	competition	T080	C0086035
27927213	1747	1757	physiology	T039	C0031843
27927213	1766	1774	patients	T101	C0030705
27927213	1780	1784	mFAO	T044	C1158366
27927213	1780	1794	mFAO disorders	T047	C1456270
27927213	1798	1805	finding	T033	C0243095
27927213	1833	1841	patients	T101	C0030705
27927213	1848	1852	risk	T078	C0035647
27927213	1858	1896	life-threatening metabolic catastrophe	T033	C1968665

27928009|t|Influence of Plasma Cell Niche Factors on the Recruitment and Maintenance of IRF4hi Plasma Cells and Plasmablasts in Vaccinated, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus - Infected Rhesus Macaques with Low and High Viremia
27928009|a|In a recent study, we found that protection following simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) exposure correlated with rectal plasma cell frequency in vaccinated female rhesus macaques. We sought to determine if the same macaques maintained high mucosal plasma cell frequencies postinfection and if this translated to reduced viremia. Although delayed SIV acquisition did not predict subsequent viral control, alterations existed in the distribution of plasma cells and plasmablasts between macaques that exhibited high or low viremia. Flow cytometric analysis of cells from rectal biopsy specimens, bone marrow, and mesenteric lymph nodes of vaccinated infected, unvaccinated infected, and uninfected macaques identified two main IRF4(hi) subsets of interest: CD138 (+) plasma cells, and CD138 (-) plasmablasts. In rectal tissue, plasma cell frequency positively correlated with plasma viremia and unvaccinated macaques had increased plasma cells and plasmablasts compared to vaccinated animals. Likewise, plasmablast frequency in the mesenteric lymph node correlated with viremia. However, in bone marrow, plasmablast frequency negatively correlated with viremia. Accordingly, low-viremic macaques had a higher frequency of both bone marrow IRF4(hi) subsets than did animals with high viremia. Significant reciprocal relationships between rectal and bone marrow plasmablasts suggested that efficient trafficking to the bone marrow as opposed to the rectal mucosa was linked to viral control. mRNA expression analysis of proteins involved in establishment of plasma cell niches in sorted bone marrow and rectal cell populations further supported this model and revealed differential mRNA expression patterns in these tissues. As key antibody producers, plasma cells and plasmablasts are critical components of vaccine -induced immunity to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in humans and SIV in the macaque model; however, few have attempted to examine the role of these cells in viral suppression postinfection. Our results suggest that plasmablast trafficking to and retention in the bone marrow play a previously unappreciated role in viral control and contrast the potential contribution of mucosal plasma cells to mediate protection at sites of infection with that of bone marrow plasmablasts and plasma cells to control viremia during chronic infection. Manipulation of niche factors influencing the distribution and maintenance of these critical antibody-secreting cells may serve as potential therapeutic targets to enhance antiviral responses postvaccination and postinfection.
27928009	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
27928009	13	24	Plasma Cell	T025	C0032112
27928009	25	38	Niche Factors	T169	C1521761
27928009	46	73	Recruitment and Maintenance	T038	C1744691
27928009	77	83	IRF4hi	T025	C0032112
27928009	84	96	Plasma Cells	T025	C0032112
27928009	101	113	Plasmablasts	T025	C0229657
27928009	117	127	Vaccinated	T033	C1519885
27928009	129	158	Simian Immunodeficiency Virus	T005	C0037224
27928009	161	169	Infected	T046	C3714514
27928009	170	185	Rhesus Macaques	T015	C0024400
27928009	204	211	Viremia	T047	C0042749
27928009	224	229	study	T062	C2603343
27928009	245	255	protection	T061	C0150259
27928009	266	295	simian immunodeficiency virus	T005	C0037224
27928009	297	300	SIV	T005	C0037224
27928009	302	310	exposure	T080	C0332157
27928009	327	333	rectal	T023	C0034896
27928009	334	345	plasma cell	T025	C0032112
27928009	346	355	frequency	T079	C0439603
27928009	359	369	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
27928009	370	376	female	T080	C1705498
27928009	377	392	rhesus macaques	T015	C0024400
27928009	429	437	macaques	T015	C0024400
27928009	454	461	mucosal	T024	C0026724
27928009	462	473	plasma cell	T025	C0032112
27928009	474	485	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27928009	486	499	postinfection	T079	C1254367
27928009	534	541	viremia	T047	C0042749
27928009	560	563	SIV	T005	C0037224
27928009	564	575	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27928009	661	673	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27928009	678	690	plasmablasts	T025	C0229657
27928009	699	707	macaques	T015	C0024400
27928009	735	742	viremia	T047	C0042749
27928009	744	768	Flow cytometric analysis	T059	C0016263
27928009	772	777	cells	T025	C0007634
27928009	783	806	rectal biopsy specimens	T024	C0586753
27928009	808	819	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27928009	825	847	mesenteric lymph nodes	T023	C0229792
27928009	851	870	vaccinated infected	T033	C0439663
27928009	872	893	unvaccinated infected	T033	C0439663
27928009	899	909	uninfected	T033	C0243095
27928009	910	918	macaques	T015	C0024400
27928009	939	947	IRF4(hi)	T025	C0032112
27928009	969	974	CD138	T116,T123	C1609943
27928009	979	991	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27928009	997	1002	CD138	T116,T123	C1609943
27928009	1007	1019	plasmablasts	T025	C0229657
27928009	1024	1037	rectal tissue	T024	C0040300
27928009	1039	1050	plasma cell	T025	C0032112
27928009	1051	1060	frequency	T079	C0439603
27928009	1088	1094	plasma	T031	C0032105
27928009	1095	1102	viremia	T047	C0042749
27928009	1107	1128	unvaccinated macaques	T015	C0024400
27928009	1143	1155	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27928009	1160	1172	plasmablasts	T025	C0229657
27928009	1185	1195	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
27928009	1196	1203	animals	T008	C0003062
27928009	1215	1226	plasmablast	T025	C0229657
27928009	1227	1236	frequency	T079	C0439603
27928009	1244	1265	mesenteric lymph node	T023	C0229792
27928009	1282	1289	viremia	T047	C0042749
27928009	1303	1314	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27928009	1316	1327	plasmablast	T025	C0229657
27928009	1328	1337	frequency	T079	C0439603
27928009	1365	1372	viremia	T047	C0042749
27928009	1399	1407	macaques	T015	C0024400
27928009	1421	1430	frequency	T079	C0439603
27928009	1439	1450	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27928009	1451	1459	IRF4(hi)	T025	C0032112
27928009	1477	1484	animals	T008	C0003062
27928009	1495	1502	viremia	T047	C0042749
27928009	1549	1555	rectal	T023	C0034896
27928009	1560	1571	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27928009	1572	1584	plasmablasts	T025	C0229657
27928009	1610	1621	trafficking	T043	C0599896
27928009	1629	1640	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27928009	1659	1672	rectal mucosa	T023	C0227395
27928009	1687	1700	viral control	T169	C2587213
27928009	1702	1717	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27928009	1730	1738	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27928009	1768	1779	plasma cell	T025	C0032112
27928009	1797	1808	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27928009	1813	1824	rectal cell	T025	C0007634
27928009	1860	1865	model	T050	C0012644
27928009	1892	1907	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27928009	1926	1933	tissues	T024	C0040300
27928009	1942	1950	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27928009	1962	1974	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27928009	1979	1991	plasmablasts	T025	C0229657
27928009	2019	2026	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27928009	2036	2044	immunity	T039	C0020964
27928009	2048	2083	human immunodeficiency virus type 1	T005	C0019704
27928009	2085	2090	HIV-1	T005	C0019704
27928009	2095	2101	humans	T016	C0086418
27928009	2106	2109	SIV	T005	C0037224
27928009	2117	2130	macaque model	T050	C0012644
27928009	2189	2194	cells	T025	C0007634
27928009	2198	2215	viral suppression	T033	C4050171
27928009	2216	2229	postinfection	T079	C1254367
27928009	2256	2267	plasmablast	T025	C0229657
27928009	2268	2279	trafficking	T043	C0599896
27928009	2304	2315	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27928009	2413	2420	mucosal	T024	C0026724
27928009	2421	2433	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27928009	2468	2477	infection	T046	C3714514
27928009	2491	2502	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27928009	2503	2515	plasmablasts	T025	C0229657
27928009	2520	2532	plasma cells	T025	C0032112
27928009	2544	2551	viremia	T047	C0042749
27928009	2559	2576	chronic infection	T047	C0151317
27928009	2594	2607	niche factors	T169	C1521761
27928009	2624	2636	distribution	T169	C1704711
27928009	2641	2652	maintenance	T052	C0024501
27928009	2671	2695	antibody-secreting cells	T025	C0085820
27928009	2750	2769	antiviral responses	T040	C1155328
27928009	2770	2785	postvaccination	T079	C1254367
27928009	2790	2803	postinfection	T079	C1254367

27928244|t|Theory of Mind in Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder in Euthymic Phase: ‎Using the Strange Stories Test
27928244|a|Objective: This study evaluated the theory of mind (ToM) in adolescents diagnosed with bipolar disorder ‎‎(BD) during their euthymic period compared to a typically developing (TD) group .‎ Method: The BD group consisted of thirty 11-18 year old inpatients in euthymic phase. The TD ‎group included 30 age, gender, and IQ matched volunteer students. To assess the diagnosis and ‎comorbid disorders, we performed the semi-structured interview of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders ‎and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) for the BD adolescents. To ‎evaluate the severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and mania, Conner's ‎Parent Rating Scale-Revised version (CPRS-R), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were ‎used, respectively. Ravens Progressive Matrices was conducted to evaluate intellectual ability in ‎the both groups. Happe Strange Stories test was performed to assess ToM in the participants. Data were ‎analyzed using the independent t-test, analysis of covariance, and Pearson Correlation analysis .‎ Results: The two groups did not show any differences in comprehending the stories; however, the BD ‎ group's mentalizing scores were significantly weaker than the TD group (p<0.05).‎‎ Conclusion: The ToM impairments in adolescents with BD may be explained as a trait marker which may lead ‎to continuation of social problems even during remission‏ .‏.
27928244	0	14	Theory of Mind	T078	C0935573
27928244	18	29	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
27928244	35	51	Bipolar Disorder	T048	C0005586
27928244	55	69	Euthymic Phase	T048	C0233475
27928244	82	102	Strange Stories Test	T170	C0282574
27928244	125	134	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27928244	139	153	theory of mind	T078	C0935573
27928244	155	158	ToM	T078	C0935573
27928244	163	174	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27928244	175	184	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27928244	190	206	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
27928244	210	212	BD	T048	C0005586
27928244	227	242	euthymic period	T048	C0233475
27928244	257	288	typically developing (TD) group	T078	C0441833
27928244	304	306	BD	T048	C0005586
27928244	307	312	group	T078	C0441833
27928244	348	358	inpatients	T101	C0021562
27928244	362	376	euthymic phase	T048	C0233475
27928244	382	391	TD ‎group	T078	C0441833
27928244	404	407	age	T032	C0001779
27928244	409	415	gender	T032	C0079399
27928244	421	423	IQ	T032	C0456149
27928244	442	450	students	T098	C0038492
27928244	466	475	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27928244	480	499	‎comorbid disorders	T047	C0012634
27928244	518	543	semi-structured interview	UnknownType	C0681913
27928244	551	638	Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders ‎and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version	UnknownType	C0681913
27928244	640	649	K-SADS-PL	UnknownType	C0681913
27928244	659	661	BD	T048	C0005586
27928244	662	673	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27928244	678	687	‎evaluate	T058	C0220825
27928244	704	744	attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
27928244	746	750	ADHD	T048	C1263846
27928244	756	761	mania	T048	C0338831
27928244	763	817	Conner's ‎Parent Rating Scale-Revised version (CPRS-R)	T081,T170	C0681889
27928244	823	847	Young Mania Rating Scale	T170	C4087288
27928244	849	853	YMRS	T170	C4087288
27928244	881	908	Ravens Progressive Matrices	T170	C0451407
27928244	926	934	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27928244	935	955	intellectual ability	T033	C0423898
27928244	969	975	groups	T078	C0441833
27928244	977	1003	Happe Strange Stories test	T170	C0282574
27928244	1028	1031	ToM	T078	C0935573
27928244	1039	1051	participants	T098	C0679646
27928244	1053	1057	Data	T078	C1511726
27928244	1095	1101	t-test	T170	C0871472
27928244	1103	1125	analysis of covariance	T081	C0814908
27928244	1131	1159	Pearson Correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
27928244	1180	1186	groups	T078	C0441833
27928244	1259	1261	BD	T048	C0005586
27928244	1264	1271	group's	T078	C0441833
27928244	1272	1290	mentalizing scores	T053	C2959458
27928244	1326	1334	TD group	T078	C0441833
27928244	1363	1366	ToM	T078	C0935573
27928244	1367	1378	impairments	T169	C0221099
27928244	1382	1393	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27928244	1399	1401	BD	T048	C0005586
27928244	1424	1436	trait marker	T045	C0017393
27928244	1472	1487	social problems	T033	C0037431
27928244	1500	1510	remission‏	T046	C0597370

27928393|t|The Optical Coherence Tomographic Profile of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
27928393|a|The objective of this study was to describe the changes in the retinal ganglion cell complex (GCC) relative to the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) over time in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) patients. Average RNFL and GCC thickness was measured in seven patients in the early acute (123, 68.4 μm), late acute (113.5, 57.4 μm), and chronic (72.7, 50.8 μm) phases. Patients showed thinning of the GCC with RNFL swelling in the early acute phase. GCC thinning became severe within weeks and persisted. RNFL swelling normalised during the late acute phase with eventual thinning in the chronic phase. GCC changes appear at the commencement of visual loss and in some cases prior to vision loss. These findings define an optical coherence tomography (OCT) profile in LHON.
27928393	4	33	Optical Coherence Tomographic	T060	C0920367
27928393	34	41	Profile	T169	C2003903
27928393	45	78	Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy	T047	C0917796
27928393	83	92	objective	T078	C2985627
27928393	127	134	changes	T169	C0392747
27928393	142	149	retinal	T023	C0035298
27928393	150	171	ganglion cell complex	T025	C0228071
27928393	173	176	GCC	T025	C0228071
27928393	194	219	retinal nerve fibre layer	T023	C0229219
27928393	221	225	RNFL	T023	C0229219
27928393	240	273	Leber hereditary optic neuropathy	T047	C0917796
27928393	275	279	LHON	T047	C0917796
27928393	281	289	patients	T101	C0030705
27928393	299	303	RNFL	T023	C0229219
27928393	308	311	GCC	T025	C0228071
27928393	312	321	thickness	T080	C1280412
27928393	344	352	patients	T101	C0030705
27928393	360	371	early acute	T079	C0439557
27928393	388	398	late acute	T079	C0205087
27928393	421	451	chronic (72.7, 50.8 μm) phases	T079	C0457343
27928393	453	461	Patients	T101	C0030705
27928393	469	477	thinning	T080	C0332528
27928393	485	488	GCC	T025	C0228071
27928393	494	498	RNFL	T023	C0229219
27928393	499	507	swelling	T033	C0038999
27928393	515	532	early acute phase	T079	C0439557
27928393	534	537	GCC	T025	C0228071
27928393	538	546	thinning	T080	C0332528
27928393	554	560	severe	T080	C0205082
27928393	568	573	weeks	T079	C0439230
27928393	578	587	persisted	T079	C0439590
27928393	589	593	RNFL	T023	C0229219
27928393	594	602	swelling	T033	C0038999
27928393	603	613	normalised	T033	C0231683
27928393	625	641	late acute phase	T079	C0439557
27928393	647	655	eventual	T079	C1522314
27928393	656	664	thinning	T080	C0332528
27928393	672	685	chronic phase	T079	C0457343
27928393	687	690	GCC	T025	C0228071
27928393	691	698	changes	T169	C0392747
27928393	713	725	commencement	T052	C3274784
27928393	729	740	visual loss	T184	C3665346
27928393	759	764	prior	T079	C0332152
27928393	768	779	vision loss	T047	C0042798
27928393	806	834	optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
27928393	836	839	OCT	T060	C0920367
27928393	841	848	profile	T169	C2003903
27928393	852	856	LHON	T047	C0917796

27928650|t|Cytoglobin: a potential marker for adipogenic differentiation in preadipocytes in vitro
27928650|a|Obesity, mainly characterized by the excess fat storage, is a global health problem resulting in serious morbidity and mortality. Identification of molecular mechanisms in adipogenic differentiation pathway might lead to development of new strategies for diagnosis, prevention and therapy of obesity and associated diseases. Discovery of new genes and proteins in the differentiation pathway could help to understand the key specific regulators of the adipogenesis. Cytoglobin (Cygb), identified as a new globin family member protein, is expressed in various tissues. Although its interaction with oxygen and nitric oxide indicates the potential role in antioxidant pathways, the exact role remains unclear. In the current study, expression level of Cygb was determined in proliferating and differentiating 3T3-F442A cells by gene expression and protein expression analysis. Results revealed that Cygb expression up-regulated in differentiated cells in parallel with adipogenic differentiation markers; PPARγ, CEBPα and FABP4 expressions. Besides, Cygb overexpression in preadipocytes contributed to the adipogenic differentiation as verified by detection of higher lipid droplets and increased PPARγ, CEBPα and FABP4 expressions with respect to control cells. These findings will shed light on the unknown roles of Cygb in adipogenesis and obesity.
27928650	0	10	Cytoglobin	T116	C1137148
27928650	24	30	marker	T201	C0005516
27928650	35	61	adipogenic differentiation	T043	C1159884
27928650	65	78	preadipocytes	T025	C0007634
27928650	79	87	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27928650	88	95	Obesity	T047	C0028754
27928650	125	131	excess	T080	C1979886
27928650	132	135	fat	T109,T121	C0015677
27928650	136	143	storage	T169	C1698986
27928650	150	171	global health problem	T078	C0021788
27928650	172	184	resulting in	T169	C0332294
27928650	193	202	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27928650	207	216	mortality	T081	C0205848
27928650	236	256	molecular mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27928650	260	294	adipogenic differentiation pathway	T043	C1516345
27928650	309	320	development	T169	C1527148
27928650	324	327	new	T080	C0205314
27928650	328	338	strategies	T041	C0679199
27928650	343	352	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27928650	354	364	prevention	T080	C2700409
27928650	369	376	therapy	T169	C0039798
27928650	380	387	obesity	T047	C0028754
27928650	392	411	associated diseases	T047	C0012634
27928650	413	422	Discovery	T052	C1880355
27928650	430	435	genes	T028	C0017337
27928650	440	448	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27928650	456	479	differentiation pathway	T043	C1516345
27928650	522	532	regulators	T077	C1704735
27928650	540	552	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
27928650	554	564	Cytoglobin	T116	C1137148
27928650	566	570	Cygb	T116	C1137148
27928650	593	599	globin	T116,T123	C0017645
27928650	614	621	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27928650	626	635	expressed	T045	C1171362
27928650	647	654	tissues	T024	C0001527
27928650	669	680	interaction	T169	C1704675
27928650	686	692	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
27928650	697	709	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27928650	724	738	potential role	T077	C1705810
27928650	742	762	antioxidant pathways	T044	C1704259
27928650	818	834	expression level	T081	C3244092
27928650	838	842	Cygb	T116	C1137148
27928650	861	874	proliferating	T169	C1514485
27928650	879	894	differentiating	T043	C0007589
27928650	895	910	3T3-F442A cells	T025	C0007634
27928650	914	929	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27928650	934	952	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27928650	953	961	analysis	T062	C0936012
27928650	985	989	Cygb	T116	C1137148
27928650	990	1000	expression	T045	C1171362
27928650	1017	1037	differentiated cells	T025	C0007634
27928650	1055	1081	adipogenic differentiation	T043	C1159884
27928650	1082	1089	markers	T201	C0005516
27928650	1091	1096	PPARγ	T116,T192	C0166417
27928650	1098	1103	CEBPα	T116,T123	C0033684
27928650	1108	1113	FABP4	T116,T123	C1312689
27928650	1114	1125	expressions	T045	C1171362
27928650	1136	1140	Cygb	T116	C1137148
27928650	1141	1155	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27928650	1159	1172	preadipocytes	T025	C0007634
27928650	1192	1218	adipogenic differentiation	T043	C1159884
27928650	1234	1243	detection	T061	C1511790
27928650	1254	1268	lipid droplets	T026	C0230704
27928650	1283	1288	PPARγ	T116,T192	C0166417
27928650	1290	1295	CEBPα	T116,T123	C0033684
27928650	1300	1305	FABP4	T116,T123	C1312689
27928650	1306	1317	expressions	T045	C1171362
27928650	1334	1347	control cells	T025	C0007634
27928650	1404	1408	Cygb	T116	C1137148
27928650	1412	1424	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
27928650	1429	1436	obesity	T047	C0028754

27928742|t|Implementation of infrared and Raman modalities for glycosaminoglycan characterization in complex systems
27928742|a|Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are natural, linear and negatively charged heteropolysaccharides which are incident in every mammalian tissue. They consist of repeating disaccharide units, which are composed of either sulfated or non-sulfated monosaccharides. Depending on tissue types, GAGs exhibit structural heterogeneity such as the position and degree of sulfation or within their disaccharide units composition being heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitine sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. They are covalently linked to a core protein (proteoglycans) or as free chains (hyaluronan). GAGs affect cell properties and functions either by direct interaction with cell receptors or by sequestration of growth factors. These evidences of divert biological roles of GAGs make their characterization at cell and tissue levels of importance. Thus, non-invasive techniques are interesting to investigate, to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize GAGs in vitro in order to use them as diagnostic biomarkers and/or as therapeutic targets in several human diseases including cancer. Infrared and Raman microspectroscopies and imaging are sensitive enough to differentiate and classify GAG types and subtypes in spite of their close molecular structures. Spectroscopic markers characteristic of reference GAG molecules were identified. Beyond these investigations of the standard GAG spectral signature, infrared and Raman spectral signatures of GAG were searched in complex biological systems like cells. The aim of the present review is to describe the implementation of these complementary vibrational spectroscopy techniques, and to discuss their potentials, advantages and disadvantages for GAG analysis. In addition, this review presents new data as we show for the first time GAG infrared and Raman spectral signatures from conditioned media and live cells, respectively.
27928742	0	14	Implementation	T052	C1708476
27928742	18	26	infrared	T059	C0260249
27928742	31	36	Raman	T059	C0037815
27928742	37	47	modalities	T078	C0695347
27928742	52	69	glycosaminoglycan	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	70	86	characterization	T185	C0243175
27928742	90	97	complex	T080	C0439855
27928742	98	105	systems	T169	C0449913
27928742	106	124	Glycosaminoglycans	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	126	130	GAGs	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	136	143	natural	T169	C0205296
27928742	145	151	linear	T082	C0205132
27928742	156	174	negatively charged	T196	C0003075
27928742	175	196	heteropolysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
27928742	207	215	incident	T067	C1551358
27928742	225	234	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27928742	235	241	tissue	T024	C0040300
27928742	269	281	disaccharide	T109	C0012611
27928742	282	287	units	T081	C0439148
27928742	318	326	sulfated	T109	C1954876
27928742	330	358	non-sulfated monosaccharides	T109	C0026492
27928742	373	379	tissue	T024	C0040300
27928742	380	385	types	T080	C0332307
27928742	387	391	GAGs	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	400	410	structural	T082	C0678594
27928742	411	424	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27928742	437	445	position	T082	C0733755
27928742	450	456	degree	T081	C0449286
27928742	460	469	sulfation	T067	C0597538
27928742	486	498	disaccharide	T109	C0012611
27928742	499	504	units	T081	C0439148
27928742	505	516	composition	T080	C0205556
27928742	523	530	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
27928742	532	547	heparan sulfate	T109,T123	C0019143
27928742	549	569	chondroitine sulfate	T109,T121,T123	C0008466
27928742	571	587	dermatan sulfate	T109,T123	C0011602
27928742	589	604	keratan sulfate	T109,T123	C0022563
27928742	610	625	hyaluronic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0020196
27928742	636	653	covalently linked	T044	C1511539
27928742	659	663	core	T082	C0444669
27928742	664	671	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27928742	673	686	proteoglycans	T116,T123	C0033692
27928742	694	698	free	T080	C1996904
27928742	699	705	chains	T078	C1524075
27928742	707	717	hyaluronan	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
27928742	720	724	GAGs	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	732	736	cell	T025	C0007634
27928742	737	747	properties	T080	C0871161
27928742	752	761	functions	T043	C0007613
27928742	772	778	direct	T080	C0439851
27928742	779	790	interaction	T169	C1704675
27928742	796	810	cell receptors	T116,T192	C0034800
27928742	817	830	sequestration	T169	C0443301
27928742	834	848	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
27928742	856	868	evidences of	T169	C0332120
27928742	869	875	divert	T080	C0743226
27928742	876	886	biological	T080	C0205460
27928742	887	892	roles	T077	C1705810
27928742	896	900	GAGs	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	912	928	characterization	T185	C0243175
27928742	932	936	cell	T025	C0007634
27928742	941	947	tissue	T024	C0040300
27928742	948	954	levels	T080	C0441889
27928742	976	988	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27928742	989	999	techniques	T169	C0449851
27928742	1019	1030	investigate	T169	C1292732
27928742	1035	1048	qualitatively	T080	C0205556
27928742	1053	1067	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
27928742	1081	1085	GAGs	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	1086	1094	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27928742	1119	1129	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27928742	1130	1140	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27928742	1151	1162	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27928742	1163	1170	targets	T074	C0085104
27928742	1182	1187	human	T016	C0086418
27928742	1188	1196	diseases	T047	C0012634
27928742	1207	1213	cancer	T191	C0006826
27928742	1215	1223	Infrared	T059	C0260249
27928742	1228	1253	Raman microspectroscopies	T059	C0037815
27928742	1258	1265	imaging	T060	C0079595
27928742	1270	1279	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27928742	1308	1316	classify	T185	C0008902
27928742	1317	1320	GAG	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	1321	1326	types	T080	C0332307
27928742	1331	1339	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27928742	1364	1384	molecular structures	T082	C0678594
27928742	1386	1399	Spectroscopic	T059	C0037812
27928742	1400	1407	markers	T080	C0206015
27928742	1436	1439	GAG	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	1440	1449	molecules	T167	C0567416
27928742	1455	1465	identified	T080	C0205396
27928742	1480	1494	investigations	T058	C1261322
27928742	1511	1514	GAG	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	1535	1543	infrared	T059	C0260249
27928742	1548	1553	Raman	T059	C0037815
27928742	1577	1580	GAG	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	1598	1605	complex	T080	C0439855
27928742	1606	1616	biological	T080	C0205460
27928742	1617	1624	systems	T169	C0449913
27928742	1630	1635	cells	T025	C0007634
27928742	1686	1700	implementation	T052	C1708476
27928742	1724	1759	vibrational spectroscopy techniques	T059	C0022885
27928742	1827	1830	GAG	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	1831	1839	analysis	T059	C0002778
27928742	1914	1917	GAG	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
27928742	1918	1926	infrared	T059	C0260249
27928742	1931	1936	Raman	T059	C0037815
27928742	1962	1979	conditioned media	T130	C0162518
27928742	1984	1994	live cells	T025	C0007634

27929083|t|Applicability of drinking water treatment residue for lake restoration in relation to metal / metalloid risk assessment
27929083|a|Drinking water treatment residue (DWTR), a byproduct generated during potable water production, exhibits a high potential for recycling to control eutrophication. However, this beneficial recycling is hampered by unclear metal / metalloid pollution risks related to DWTR. In this study, the pollution risks of Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn due to DWTR application were first evaluated for lake water based on human health risk assessment models and comparison of regulatory standards. The risks of DWTR were also evaluated for sediments on the basis of toxicity characteristics leaching procedure and fractionation in relation to risk assessment code. Variations in the biological behaviors of metal / metalloid in sediments caused by DWTR were assessed using Chironomus plumosus larvae and Hydrilla verticillata. Kinetic luminescent bacteria test (using Aliivibrio fischeri) was conducted to analyze the possibility of acute and chronic detrimental effects of sediment with DWTR application. According to the obtained results, we identify a potential undesirable effect of DWTR related to Fe and Mn (typically under anaerobic conditions); roughly present a dosage threshold calculation model; and recommend a procedure for DWTR prescreening to ensure safe application. Overall, managed DWTR application is necessary for successful eutrophication control.
27929083	0	13	Applicability	T169	C4048755
27929083	17	31	drinking water	T167	C0599638
27929083	32	41	treatment	T169	C1522326
27929083	42	49	residue	T167	C0439861
27929083	54	58	lake	T083	C0337049
27929083	59	70	restoration	T069	C1720906
27929083	86	91	metal	T197	C0025552
27929083	94	103	metalloid	T196	C0439879
27929083	104	119	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
27929083	120	134	Drinking water	T167	C0599638
27929083	135	144	treatment	T169	C1522326
27929083	145	152	residue	T167	C0439861
27929083	154	158	DWTR	T167	C0439861
27929083	163	172	byproduct	T167	C0439861
27929083	190	203	potable water	T197	C3179004
27929083	204	214	production	T057	C0033268
27929083	232	241	potential	T080	C3245505
27929083	246	255	recycling	T068	C0282114
27929083	259	266	control	T080	C0243148
27929083	267	281	eutrophication	T067	C0015191
27929083	297	307	beneficial	T081	C0814225
27929083	308	317	recycling	T068	C0282114
27929083	341	346	metal	T197	C0025552
27929083	349	358	metalloid	T196	C0439879
27929083	359	368	pollution	T069	C0392355
27929083	369	374	risks	T078	C0035647
27929083	386	390	DWTR	T167	C0439861
27929083	400	405	study	T062	C2603343
27929083	411	420	pollution	T069	C0392355
27929083	421	426	risks	T078	C0035647
27929083	430	432	Al	T196	C0002367
27929083	434	436	As	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27929083	438	440	Ba	T196	C0004749
27929083	442	444	Be	T131,T196	C0005139
27929083	446	448	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27929083	450	452	Co	T123,T196	C0009148
27929083	454	456	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
27929083	458	460	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27929083	462	464	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27929083	466	468	Mn	T123,T196	C0024706
27929083	470	472	Mo	T123,T196	C0026402
27929083	474	476	Ni	T123,T196	C0028013
27929083	478	480	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
27929083	486	488	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
27929083	496	500	DWTR	T167	C0439861
27929083	501	512	application	T169	C4048755
27929083	524	533	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27929083	538	548	lake water	T167	C1719772
27929083	558	563	human	T016	C0086418
27929083	564	570	health	T078	C0018684
27929083	571	586	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
27929083	587	593	models	T170	C3161035
27929083	598	608	comparison	T052	C1707455
27929083	612	622	regulatory	T089	C0220905
27929083	623	632	standards	T170	C0038137
27929083	638	643	risks	T078	C0035647
27929083	647	651	DWTR	T167	C0439861
27929083	662	671	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27929083	676	685	sediments	T167	C1550099
27929083	702	710	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27929083	711	726	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27929083	727	735	leaching	T067	C1522240
27929083	736	745	procedure	T169	C2700391
27929083	779	794	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
27929083	795	799	code	T170	C1548762
27929083	801	811	Variations	T080	C0205419
27929083	819	829	biological	T080	C0205460
27929083	843	848	metal	T197	C0025552
27929083	851	860	metalloid	T196	C0439879
27929083	864	873	sediments	T167	C1550099
27929083	884	888	DWTR	T167	C0439861
27929083	894	902	assessed	T052	C1516048
27929083	909	928	Chironomus plumosus	T204	C1004462
27929083	929	935	larvae	T204	C0023047
27929083	940	961	Hydrilla verticillata	T002	C1015712
27929083	963	996	Kinetic luminescent bacteria test	T059	C0022885
27929083	1004	1023	Aliivibrio fischeri	T007	C0318276
27929083	1069	1074	acute	T079	C0205178
27929083	1079	1086	chronic	T079	C0205191
27929083	1087	1106	detrimental effects	T169	C0001688
27929083	1110	1118	sediment	T167	C1550099
27929083	1124	1128	DWTR	T167	C0439861
27929083	1129	1140	application	T169	C4048755
27929083	1168	1175	results	T169	C1274040
27929083	1191	1200	potential	T080	C3245505
27929083	1201	1219	undesirable effect	T169	C0001688
27929083	1223	1227	DWTR	T167	C0439861
27929083	1239	1241	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
27929083	1246	1248	Mn	T123,T196	C0024706
27929083	1266	1275	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
27929083	1276	1286	conditions	T080	C0348080
27929083	1307	1313	dosage	T081	C0178602
27929083	1314	1323	threshold	T080	C0449864
27929083	1324	1341	calculation model	T170	C3161035
27929083	1359	1368	procedure	T169	C2700391
27929083	1373	1377	DWTR	T167	C0439861
27929083	1406	1417	application	T169	C4048755
27929083	1436	1440	DWTR	T167	C0439861
27929083	1441	1452	application	T169	C4048755
27929083	1481	1495	eutrophication	T067	C0015191
27929083	1496	1503	control	T080	C0243148

27929135|t|Early life vaccination: Generation of adult - quality memory CD8+ T cells in infant mice using non-replicating adenoviral vectors
27929135|a|Intracellular pathogens represent a serious threat during early life. Importantly, even though the immune system of newborns may be characterized as developmentally immature, with a propensity to develop Th2 immunity, significant CD8+ T-cell responses may still be elicited in the context of optimal priming. Replication deficient adenoviral vectors have been demonstrated to induce potent CD8+ T-cell response in mice, primates and humans. The aim of the present study was therefore to assess whether replication-deficient adenovectors could overcome the risk of overwhelming antigen stimulation during the first period of life and provide a pertinent alternative in infant vaccinology. To address this, infant mice were vaccinated with three different adenoviral vectors and the CD8+ T-cell response after early life vaccination was explored. We assessed the frequency, polyfunctionality and in vivo cytotoxicity of the elicited memory CD8+ T cells, as well as the potential of these cells to respond to secondary infections and confer protection. We further tested the impact of maternal immunity against our replication-deficient adenoviral vector during early life vaccination. Overall, our results indicate that memory CD8+ T cells induced by adenoviral vectors in infant mice are of good quality and match those elicited in the adult host.
27929135	0	5	Early	T079	C1279919
27929135	6	10	life	T078	C0376558
27929135	11	22	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27929135	24	34	Generation	T052	C3146294
27929135	38	43	adult	T008	C0596888
27929135	46	53	quality	T080	C0332306
27929135	54	60	memory	T025	C0682639
27929135	61	73	CD8+ T cells	T025	C0242629
27929135	77	83	infant	T008	C0920362
27929135	84	88	mice	T015	C0025929
27929135	95	110	non-replicating	T045	C1511692
27929135	111	129	adenoviral vectors	T114	C1510800
27929135	130	143	Intracellular	T082	C0178719
27929135	144	153	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27929135	166	173	serious	T080	C0205404
27929135	174	180	threat	T078	C0749385
27929135	188	193	early	T079	C1279919
27929135	194	198	life	T078	C0376558
27929135	229	242	immune system	T022	C0020962
27929135	246	254	newborns	T100	C0021289
27929135	279	294	developmentally	T039	C0243107
27929135	295	303	immature	T080	C0205252
27929135	312	322	propensity	T081	C2718044
27929135	334	337	Th2	T025	C0242633
27929135	338	346	immunity	T039	C0020964
27929135	348	359	significant	T078	C0750502
27929135	360	371	CD8+ T-cell	T025	C0242629
27929135	372	381	responses	T043	C1318468
27929135	395	403	elicited	T080	C0449265
27929135	422	429	optimal	T080	C2698651
27929135	430	437	priming	T169	C0871133
27929135	439	460	Replication deficient	T045	C1511692
27929135	461	479	adenoviral vectors	T114	C1510800
27929135	506	512	induce	T169	C0205263
27929135	520	531	CD8+ T-cell	T025	C0242629
27929135	532	540	response	T043	C1318468
27929135	544	548	mice	T015	C0026809
27929135	550	558	primates	T015	C0033147
27929135	563	569	humans	T016	C0086418
27929135	632	653	replication-deficient	T045	C1511692
27929135	654	666	adenovectors	T114	C1510800
27929135	673	681	overcome	T052	C2983310
27929135	686	690	risk	T078	C0035647
27929135	694	706	overwhelming	T081	C1704243
27929135	707	726	antigen stimulation	T039	C2250751
27929135	738	750	first period	T079	C0580206
27929135	754	758	life	T078	C0376558
27929135	773	782	pertinent	T080	C2347946
27929135	783	794	alternative	T077	C1523987
27929135	798	804	infant	T100	C0021270
27929135	805	816	vaccinology	T061	C0042196
27929135	835	841	infant	T008	C0920362
27929135	842	846	mice	T015	C0025929
27929135	852	862	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
27929135	884	902	adenoviral vectors	T114	C1510800
27929135	911	922	CD8+ T-cell	T025	C0242629
27929135	923	931	response	T043	C1318468
27929135	938	943	early	T079	C1279919
27929135	944	948	life	T078	C0376558
27929135	949	960	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27929135	991	1000	frequency	T079	C0439603
27929135	1002	1019	polyfunctionality	T169	C0205245
27929135	1032	1044	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
27929135	1052	1060	elicited	T080	C0449265
27929135	1061	1067	memory	T025	C0682639
27929135	1068	1080	CD8+ T cells	T025	C0242629
27929135	1097	1106	potential	T080	C3245505
27929135	1116	1121	cells	T025	C0242629
27929135	1125	1132	respond	T032	C0871261
27929135	1136	1156	secondary infections	T047	C0442886
27929135	1168	1178	protection	T061	C0150259
27929135	1191	1197	tested	T169	C0039593
27929135	1202	1208	impact	T080	C4049986
27929135	1212	1220	maternal	T033	C1858460
27929135	1221	1229	immunity	T039	C0020964
27929135	1230	1237	against	T080	C0521124
27929135	1242	1263	replication-deficient	T045	C1511692
27929135	1264	1281	adenoviral vector	T114	C1510800
27929135	1289	1294	early	T079	C1279919
27929135	1295	1299	life	T078	C0376558
27929135	1300	1311	vaccination	T061	C0042196
27929135	1313	1320	Overall	T080	C1561607
27929135	1348	1354	memory	T025	C0682639
27929135	1355	1367	CD8+ T cells	T025	C0242629
27929135	1368	1375	induced	T169	C0205263
27929135	1379	1397	adenoviral vectors	T114	C1510800
27929135	1401	1407	infant	T008	C0920362
27929135	1408	1412	mice	T015	C0025929
27929135	1425	1432	quality	T080	C0332306
27929135	1437	1442	match	T080	C1708943
27929135	1449	1457	elicited	T080	C0449265
27929135	1465	1470	adult	T008	C0596888
27929135	1471	1475	host	T001	C1167395

27929187|t|Selective remote esterification of 8-aminoquinoline amides via copper(ii) -catalyzed C(sp(2))-O cross-coupling reaction
27929187|a|The remote C-O coupling of quinoline amides at the C5 position has been established using cheap and readily available copper catalyst under mild conditions. The positionally selective esterification protocol afforded C-O coupling products in moderate to excellent yields. Most importantly, this method may provide a potential alternative to the existing ways to build functionalized 5-hydroxyquinoline derivatives, which are utilized as pivotal intermediates in the synthesis of drug candidates.
27929187	0	31	Selective remote esterification	T070	C0014895
27929187	35	58	8-aminoquinoline amides	T109	C0034424
27929187	63	73	copper(ii)	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27929187	85	119	C(sp(2))-O cross-coupling reaction	T070	C1254365
27929187	124	143	remote C-O coupling	T070	C1254365
27929187	147	163	quinoline amides	T109	C0034424
27929187	171	182	C5 position	T082	C1254362
27929187	238	244	copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
27929187	245	253	catalyst	T067	C0175921
27929187	260	264	mild	T080	C2945599
27929187	265	275	conditions	T080	C0205556
27929187	281	293	positionally	T080	C0205556
27929187	294	318	selective esterification	T070	C0014895
27929187	319	327	protocol	T170	C0442711
27929187	337	358	C-O coupling products	T071	C1514468
27929187	362	370	moderate	T080	C0439065
27929187	374	383	excellent	T080	C1961136
27929187	384	390	yields	T081	C0392762
27929187	415	421	method	T169	C0449851
27929187	446	457	alternative	T077	C1523987
27929187	488	533	functionalized 5-hydroxyquinoline derivatives	T121	C1254351
27929187	565	578	intermediates	T071	C1551338
27929187	586	595	synthesis	T070	C0007987
27929187	599	614	drug candidates	T121	C1254351

27929307|t|When traumatic event exposure characteristics matter: Impact of traumatic event exposure characteristics on posttraumatic and dissociative symptoms
27929307|a|Traumatic events can lead to posttraumatic (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] specific symptoms) and dissociative symptoms (PTSD nonspecific symptoms). However, the trauma exposure characteristics (type of exposure, categorical form, number of exposures and the age of the exposure) are rarely studied. We hypothesized that the characteristics of a traumatic event are the only predictors of specific posttraumatic symptoms (intrusion, avoidance, negative cognitive impairment) and nonspecific symptoms (dissociation). We also hypothesized that some characteristics of a traumatic event are specific predictors of posttraumatic symptoms, whereas other characteristics are predictors of nonspecific symptoms. Three hundred nine university students participated in the study (201 men, 108 women; mean age: 19.32 years). Students completed questionnaires assessing trauma exposure characteristics, PTSD, dissociation, and burnout. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to identify predictive factors for elevated specific PTSD symptoms and elevated nonspecific PTSD symptoms. A different impact of the characteristics of 1 or more traumatic events was observed on specific posttraumatic symptoms. In men, the model was significant, with 6 predictors explaining 14% to 23% of the variance of specific posttraumatic symptoms. In women, 2 predictors explaining 15% to 28% of the variance of posttraumatic symptoms were found. The characteristics of the traumatic event were not the only predictors of posttraumatic symptoms (specific and nonspecific), with emotional exhaustion playing an unexpected predictive role. Burnout and PTSD might share emotional exhaustion as a common risk factor for PTSD. Further studies in this area are warranted, noteworthy focusing on clinical populations. (PsycINFO Database Record
27929307	5	14	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27929307	15	20	event	T051	C0441471
27929307	21	29	exposure	T080	C0332157
27929307	30	45	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27929307	54	60	Impact	T080	C4049986
27929307	64	73	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27929307	74	79	event	T051	C0441471
27929307	80	88	exposure	T080	C0332157
27929307	89	104	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27929307	108	121	posttraumatic	T033	C0231288
27929307	126	138	dissociative	T048	C0012746
27929307	139	147	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	148	157	Traumatic	T169	C0332663
27929307	158	164	events	T051	C0441471
27929307	177	190	posttraumatic	T033	C0231288
27929307	192	221	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
27929307	223	227	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27929307	229	237	specific	T080	C0205369
27929307	238	246	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	252	264	dissociative	T048	C0012746
27929307	265	273	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	275	279	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27929307	280	291	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27929307	292	300	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	316	322	trauma	T037	C3714660
27929307	323	331	exposure	T080	C0332157
27929307	332	347	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27929307	357	365	exposure	T080	C0332157
27929307	367	383	categorical form	T170	C0683312
27929307	385	404	number of exposures	T033	C0243095
27929307	413	416	age	T032	C0001779
27929307	424	432	exposure	T080	C0332157
27929307	479	494	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27929307	500	509	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27929307	510	515	event	T051	C0441471
27929307	529	539	predictors	T078	C2698872
27929307	543	551	specific	T080	C0205369
27929307	552	565	posttraumatic	T033	C0231288
27929307	566	574	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	576	585	intrusion	T041	C0025361
27929307	587	596	avoidance	T041	C0870186
27929307	598	606	negative	T033	C0205160
27929307	607	627	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27929307	633	644	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27929307	645	653	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	655	667	dissociation	T048	C0086168
27929307	701	716	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27929307	722	731	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27929307	732	737	event	T051	C0441471
27929307	742	750	specific	T080	C0205369
27929307	751	761	predictors	T078	C2698872
27929307	765	778	posttraumatic	T033	C0231288
27929307	779	787	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	803	818	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27929307	823	833	predictors	T078	C2698872
27929307	837	848	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27929307	849	857	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	878	897	university students	T080	C0597615
27929307	918	923	study	T062	C2603343
27929307	929	932	men	T098	C0025266
27929307	938	943	women	T098	C0043210
27929307	969	977	Students	T098	C0038492
27929307	978	987	completed	T080	C0205197
27929307	988	1002	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27929307	1013	1019	trauma	T037	C3714660
27929307	1020	1028	exposure	T080	C0332157
27929307	1029	1044	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27929307	1046	1050	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27929307	1052	1064	dissociation	T048	C0086168
27929307	1079	1087	Multiple	T081	C0439064
27929307	1088	1106	linear regressions	T081	C0023733
27929307	1134	1152	predictive factors	T170	C0683956
27929307	1157	1165	elevated	T080	C3163633
27929307	1166	1174	specific	T080	C0205369
27929307	1175	1179	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27929307	1180	1188	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	1193	1201	elevated	T080	C3163633
27929307	1202	1213	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27929307	1214	1218	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27929307	1219	1227	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	1241	1247	impact	T080	C4049986
27929307	1255	1270	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27929307	1284	1293	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27929307	1294	1300	events	T051	C0441471
27929307	1317	1325	specific	T080	C0205369
27929307	1326	1339	posttraumatic	T033	C0231288
27929307	1340	1348	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	1353	1356	men	T098	C0025266
27929307	1372	1383	significant	T078	C0750502
27929307	1392	1402	predictors	T078	C2698872
27929307	1432	1440	variance	T080	C1711260
27929307	1444	1452	specific	T080	C0205369
27929307	1453	1466	posttraumatic	T033	C0231288
27929307	1467	1475	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	1480	1485	women	T098	C0043210
27929307	1489	1499	predictors	T078	C2698872
27929307	1529	1537	variance	T080	C1711260
27929307	1541	1554	posttraumatic	T033	C0231288
27929307	1555	1563	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	1580	1595	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27929307	1603	1612	traumatic	T169	C0332663
27929307	1613	1618	event	T051	C0441471
27929307	1637	1647	predictors	T078	C2698872
27929307	1651	1664	posttraumatic	T033	C0231288
27929307	1665	1673	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27929307	1675	1683	specific	T080	C0205369
27929307	1688	1699	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27929307	1707	1727	emotional exhaustion	T033	C0476644
27929307	1779	1783	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27929307	1796	1816	emotional exhaustion	T033	C0476644
27929307	1829	1840	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27929307	1845	1849	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27929307	1918	1938	clinical populations	T081	C2347789

27930756|t|A Revised Approach for the Detection of Sight-Threatening Diabetic Macular Edema
27930756|a|Diabetic macular edema is one of the leading causes of vision loss among working-age adults in the United States. Telemedicine screening programs and epidemiological studies rely on monoscopic fundus photography for the detection of clinically significant macular edema (CSME). Improving the accuracy of detecting CSME from monoscopic images could be valuable while recognizing the limitations of such detection in an era of optical coherence tomography detection of diabetic macular edema. To evaluate the screening test accuracy of radially arranged sectors affected by hard exudates in the detection of CSME. This investigation was a cross-sectional study of CSME grading in monoscopic images using a sectors approach. The Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria were used to confirm the presence of CSME by the following 2 methods: stereoscopic fundus photography (method 1) and dilated biomicroscopy in combination with optical coherence tomography (method 2). Participants were recruited at a university - based practice between June 14, 2014, and December 28, 2015. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. A total of 207 eyes from an ethnically/racially diverse group of 207 patients (mean [SD] age, 53.6 [10.8] years; 58.9% [122 of 207] female) were included in the analysis. Twelve eyes (5.8%) were diagnosed as having CSME based on method 1. The intermethod and intergrader agreement for CSME diagnosis and sector count was substantial (κ range, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.47-0.85] to 0.75 [95% CI, 0.53-0.97]; P < .001 for all). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 93.2% (95% CI, 84.2%-100%) when evaluating a sectors approach against method 1 as a reference test and offered up to an 8.6% (95% CI, 3.0%-14.3%) increase in specificity compared with the existing methods of detection. The positive predictive value was 33.3% (95% CI, 25.6%-45.5%), and the negative predictive value was 98.1% (95% CI, 96.9%-100%). The results were similar when comparing a sectors approach with method 2 as a reference test. A sectors approach shows good screening test characteristics for the detection of CSME. Its implementation in the existing telemedicine programs would require minimal resources. This approach will have the greatest effect in a setting where implementation of optical coherence tomography, a more objective and sensitive way to detect retinal thickening, is not feasible. The proposed method also may be easily incorporated in the automated diabetic retinopathy detection algorithms.
27930756	2	18	Revised Approach	T080	C0332136
27930756	27	36	Detection	T058	C0683509
27930756	40	80	Sight-Threatening Diabetic Macular Edema	T047	C4027413
27930756	81	103	Diabetic macular edema	T047	C0730285
27930756	118	125	leading	T169	C1522538
27930756	126	132	causes	T169	C0015127
27930756	136	147	vision loss	T047	C0042798
27930756	154	165	working-age	T032	C0001779
27930756	166	172	adults	T100	C0001675
27930756	180	193	United States	T083	C0041703
27930756	195	207	Telemedicine	T058	C0162648
27930756	208	226	screening programs	T058	C0220908
27930756	231	254	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
27930756	263	292	monoscopic fundus photography	T060	C0200189
27930756	301	310	detection	T058	C0683509
27930756	314	350	clinically significant macular edema	T047	C0730284
27930756	352	356	CSME	T047	C0730284
27930756	359	368	Improving	T080	C1272745
27930756	373	381	accuracy	T080	C0598285
27930756	385	394	detecting	T061	C1511790
27930756	395	399	CSME	T047	C0730284
27930756	405	422	monoscopic images	T170	C1704922
27930756	463	474	limitations	T169	C0449295
27930756	483	492	detection	T058	C0683509
27930756	499	502	era	T079	C0681698
27930756	506	534	optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
27930756	535	544	detection	T058	C0683509
27930756	548	570	diabetic macular edema	T047	C0730285
27930756	588	602	screening test	T060	C1710031
27930756	603	611	accuracy	T080	C0598285
27930756	624	632	arranged	T052	C1947906
27930756	633	640	sectors	T083	C1708237
27930756	641	649	affected	T169	C0392760
27930756	674	683	detection	T058	C0683509
27930756	687	691	CSME	T047	C0730284
27930756	698	711	investigation	T169	C1292732
27930756	718	739	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27930756	743	747	CSME	T047	C0730284
27930756	759	776	monoscopic images	T170	C1704922
27930756	785	792	sectors	T083	C1708237
27930756	793	801	approach	T082	C0449445
27930756	807	822	Early Treatment	UnknownType	C0814494
27930756	823	843	Diabetic Retinopathy	T047	C0011884
27930756	844	849	Study	T062	C2603343
27930756	850	858	criteria	T078	C0243161
27930756	864	868	used	T169	C1524063
27930756	872	879	confirm	T080	C1456348
27930756	884	892	presence	T033	C0150312
27930756	896	900	CSME	T047	C0730284
27930756	920	927	methods	T060	C0430022
27930756	929	960	stereoscopic fundus photography	T060	C0200189
27930756	962	970	method 1	T060	C0200189
27930756	984	997	biomicroscopy	T060	C0430022
27930756	1001	1012	combination	T080	C0205195
27930756	1018	1046	optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
27930756	1048	1056	method 2	T060	C0920367
27930756	1059	1071	Participants	T098	C0679646
27930756	1092	1102	university	T073,T092	C0041740
27930756	1105	1110	based	T169	C1527178
27930756	1111	1119	practice	T091	C1319402
27930756	1128	1132	June	T079	C3829443
27930756	1147	1155	December	T080	C3830550
27930756	1166	1170	Area	T083	C0017446
27930756	1181	1220	receiver operating characteristic curve	T081	C0035787
27930756	1222	1233	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27930756	1235	1246	specificity	T081	C1511884
27930756	1248	1273	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
27930756	1279	1304	negative predictive value	T081	C1513918
27930756	1321	1325	eyes	T023	C0015392
27930756	1334	1367	ethnically/racially diverse group	T098	C1511553
27930756	1375	1383	patients	T101	C0030705
27930756	1385	1398	mean [SD] age	T079	C1254367
27930756	1412	1417	years	T079	C0439234
27930756	1438	1444	female	T098	C0043210
27930756	1451	1459	included	T169	C0332257
27930756	1467	1475	analysis	T062	C0936012
27930756	1477	1483	Twelve	T081	C0205458
27930756	1484	1488	eyes	T023	C0015392
27930756	1501	1510	diagnosed	T060	C0430022
27930756	1521	1525	CSME	T047	C0730284
27930756	1526	1531	based	T169	C1527178
27930756	1535	1543	method 1	T060	C0200189
27930756	1549	1560	intermethod	T081	C0237829
27930756	1591	1595	CSME	T047	C0730284
27930756	1596	1605	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27930756	1610	1616	sector	T083	C1708237
27930756	1617	1622	count	T081	C0750480
27930756	1627	1638	substantial	T080	C0205238
27930756	1659	1661	CI	T081	C0009667
27930756	1687	1689	CI	T081	C0009667
27930756	1722	1726	Area	T083	C0017446
27930756	1737	1776	receiver operating characteristic curve	T081	C0035787
27930756	1792	1794	CI	T081	C0009667
27930756	1826	1833	sectors	T083	C1708237
27930756	1834	1842	approach	T082	C0449445
27930756	1851	1859	method 1	T060	C0200189
27930756	1865	1879	reference test	T170	C1317858
27930756	1911	1913	CI	T081	C0009667
27930756	1927	1935	increase	T169	C0442805
27930756	1939	1950	specificity	T081	C1511884
27930756	1951	1959	compared	T052	C1707455
27930756	1978	1985	methods	T060	C0430022
27930756	1989	1998	detection	T058	C0683509
27930756	2004	2029	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
27930756	2045	2047	CI	T081	C0009667
27930756	2071	2096	negative predictive value	T081	C1513918
27930756	2112	2114	CI	T081	C0009667
27930756	2133	2140	results	T169	C1274040
27930756	2146	2153	similar	T080	C2348205
27930756	2159	2168	comparing	T052	C1707455
27930756	2171	2178	sectors	T083	C1708237
27930756	2179	2187	approach	T082	C0449445
27930756	2193	2201	method 2	T060	C0920367
27930756	2207	2221	reference test	T170	C1317858
27930756	2225	2232	sectors	T083	C1708237
27930756	2233	2241	approach	T082	C0449445
27930756	2248	2252	good	T080	C0205170
27930756	2253	2267	screening test	T060	C1710031
27930756	2268	2283	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27930756	2292	2301	detection	T058	C0683509
27930756	2305	2309	CSME	T047	C0730284
27930756	2315	2329	implementation	T052	C1708476
27930756	2337	2345	existing	T077	C2987476
27930756	2346	2367	telemedicine programs	T058	C0162648
27930756	2374	2381	require	T169	C1514873
27930756	2382	2389	minimal	T080	C0547040
27930756	2390	2399	resources	T078	C0035201
27930756	2406	2414	approach	T082	C0449445
27930756	2429	2437	greatest	T081	C0205393
27930756	2438	2444	effect	T080	C1280500
27930756	2464	2478	implementation	T052	C1708476
27930756	2482	2510	optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
27930756	2519	2528	objective	T080	C1571702
27930756	2533	2542	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27930756	2543	2546	way	T082	C0449445
27930756	2557	2575	retinal thickening	T047	C1302690
27930756	2580	2583	not	T169	C1518422
27930756	2584	2592	feasible	T080	C3827682
27930756	2598	2606	proposed	T080	C1553874
27930756	2607	2613	method	T060	C0430022
27930756	2633	2645	incorporated	T169	C0243126
27930756	2653	2662	automated	T169	C0205554
27930756	2663	2683	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
27930756	2684	2693	detection	T058	C0683509
27930756	2694	2704	algorithms	T170	C0002045

27931138|t|Medicinal plants and natural products in amelioration of arsenic toxicity: a short review
27931138|a|Chronic arsenic toxicity (arsenicosis) is considered a serious public health menace worldwide, as there is no specific, safe, and efficacious therapeutic management of arsenicosis. To collate the studies on medicinal plants and natural products with arsenic toxicity ameliorative effect, active pre-clinically and/or clinically. Literature survey was carried out by using Google, Scholar Google and Pub-Med. Only the scientific journal articles found on the internet for last two decades were considered. Minerals and semi-synthetic or synthetic analogs of natural products were excluded. Literature study revealed that 34 medicinal plants and 14 natural products exhibited significant protection from arsenic toxicity, mostly in preclinical trials and a few in clinical studies. This research could lead to development of a potentially useful agent in clinical management of arsenicosis in humans.
27931138	0	16	Medicinal plants	T002	C0032100
27931138	21	37	natural products	T123	C1566558
27931138	57	64	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27931138	65	73	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27931138	90	114	Chronic arsenic toxicity	T037	C0238007
27931138	116	127	arsenicosis	T037	C0238007
27931138	153	166	public health	T058	C0699943
27931138	220	231	efficacious	T080	C1704419
27931138	232	254	therapeutic management	T061	C1444271
27931138	258	269	arsenicosis	T037	C0238007
27931138	297	313	medicinal plants	T002	C0032100
27931138	318	334	natural products	T123	C1566558
27931138	340	347	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27931138	348	356	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27931138	407	417	clinically	T080	C0443178
27931138	419	436	Literature survey	T170	C0178732
27931138	462	468	Google	T170	C0282574
27931138	470	484	Scholar Google	T170	C0282574
27931138	489	496	Pub-Med	T170	C1138432
27931138	507	534	scientific journal articles	T170	C0282420
27931138	548	556	internet	T073	C0282111
27931138	595	603	Minerals	T197	C0026162
27931138	608	643	semi-synthetic or synthetic analogs	T104	C0243071
27931138	647	663	natural products	T123	C1566558
27931138	679	689	Literature	T170	C0023866
27931138	690	695	study	T062	C2603343
27931138	713	729	medicinal plants	T002	C0032100
27931138	737	753	natural products	T123	C1566558
27931138	776	786	protection	T033	C1545588
27931138	792	799	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27931138	800	808	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27931138	820	838	preclinical trials	T058	C1254363
27931138	852	868	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27931138	875	883	research	T062	C0035168
27931138	898	909	development	T169	C1527148
27931138	943	962	clinical management	T058	C1516615
27931138	966	977	arsenicosis	T037	C0238007
27931138	981	987	humans	T016	C0086418

27931296|t|Intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin G replacement therapy
27931296|a|Human polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) for therapeutic use has been available for decades. This drug was developed for treatment of antibody deficiency (replacement therapy), although its use has expanded into many anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory applications in recent years. This review focuses on IgG prescribing for replacement therapy. IgG for replacement is most often administered via the intravenous IgG (IVIG) or subcutaneous IgG (SCIG) routes. IVIG is usually administered every 34 weeks, and SCIG is usually administered weekly, although variations may be considered in all cases. Recently, a new product became available that uses hyaluronidase to facilitate absorption of large doses of SCIG less frequently (every 34 weeks, as with IVIG). There are important differences between the pharmacokinetics of these three routes of administration. IVIG therapy leads to high peaks and low troughs between infusions. IgG concentration fluctuates much less over time with SCIG. Hyaluronidase -facilitated SCIG is intermediate. SCIG may have lower bioavailability in comparison with IVIG and may require higher doses over time; this is not true for hyaluronidase SCIG. However, there are large variations in IgG half-life among individuals and with different products. Therefore, individualization of therapy is essential. Mild systemic flu-like adverse effects may affect up to 2025% of patients who receive IVIG, smaller fractions may experience more-severe symptoms, whereas anaphylaxis is exceedingly rare. General flu-like systemic adverse effects are minimal with SCIG (intermediate with hyaluronidase SCIG), but transient (24 hours), mild, local inflammatory symptoms at infusion sites are relatively common with both forms. Additional rare but important complications of IgG therapy include thrombotic events and hemolysis that can be seen at high doses with any route of administration. Renal adverse effects may occur with IVIG as well. The variety of IgG products and routes of administration available today creates many opportunities for physicians to work with patients to find the optimal therapy for all.
27931296	0	11	Intravenous	T116,T121,T129	C0085297
27931296	16	28	subcutaneous	T121,T129	C2048009
27931296	29	45	immunoglobulin G	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	46	65	replacement therapy	T061	C0279033
27931296	66	71	Human	T016	C0086418
27931296	72	82	polyclonal	T116,T129	C0312586
27931296	83	99	immunoglobulin G	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	101	104	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	110	125	therapeutic use	T080	C0039795
27931296	149	156	decades	T081	C2981279
27931296	163	167	drug	T121	C1254351
27931296	186	195	treatment	T169	C1522326
27931296	199	218	antibody deficiency	T047	C0003257
27931296	220	239	replacement therapy	T061	C0279033
27931296	255	258	use	T169	C0457083
27931296	282	299	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27931296	304	320	immunomodulatory	T061	C1963758
27931296	344	349	years	T079	C0439234
27931296	356	362	review	T170	C0282443
27931296	374	377	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	378	389	prescribing	T058	C0278329
27931296	394	413	replacement therapy	T061	C0279033
27931296	415	418	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	423	434	replacement	T061	C0279033
27931296	449	461	administered	T169	C1521801
27931296	470	485	intravenous IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	487	491	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	496	512	subcutaneous IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	514	518	SCIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	528	532	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	544	556	administered	T169	C1521801
27931296	566	571	weeks	T079	C0439230
27931296	577	581	SCIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	593	605	administered	T169	C1521801
27931296	606	612	weekly	T079	C0332174
27931296	659	664	cases	T169	C0868928
27931296	678	689	new product	T121	C1254351
27931296	717	730	hyaluronidase	T116,T121,T126	C0020197
27931296	745	755	absorption	T067	C2347023
27931296	759	770	large doses	T081	C0178602
27931296	774	778	SCIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	805	810	weeks	T079	C0439230
27931296	820	824	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	871	887	pharmacokinetics	T169	C0031328
27931296	903	927	routes of administration	T169	C0013153
27931296	929	933	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	934	941	therapy	T061	C0279033
27931296	986	995	infusions	T061	C0574032
27931296	997	1000	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1051	1055	SCIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1057	1070	Hyaluronidase	T116,T121,T126	C0020197
27931296	1084	1088	SCIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1106	1110	SCIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1120	1141	lower bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27931296	1161	1165	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1182	1194	higher doses	T081	C0178602
27931296	1227	1240	hyaluronidase	T116,T121,T126	C0020197
27931296	1241	1245	SCIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1286	1289	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1290	1299	half-life	T079	C0018517
27931296	1306	1317	individuals	T098	C0237401
27931296	1379	1386	therapy	T061	C0279033
27931296	1406	1414	systemic	T169	C0205373
27931296	1415	1439	flu-like adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27931296	1466	1474	patients	T101	C0030705
27931296	1487	1491	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1526	1546	more-severe symptoms	T033	C3846035
27931296	1556	1567	anaphylaxis	T046	C0002792
27931296	1597	1630	flu-like systemic adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27931296	1635	1642	minimal	T080	C0547040
27931296	1648	1652	SCIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1672	1685	hyaluronidase	T116,T121,T126	C0020197
27931296	1686	1690	SCIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1708	1716	24 hours	T079	C1442770
27931296	1731	1752	inflammatory symptoms	T184	C1457887
27931296	1756	1770	infusion sites	T082	C2697750
27931296	1840	1853	complications	T046	C0009566
27931296	1857	1860	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	1861	1868	therapy	T061	C0279033
27931296	1877	1894	thrombotic events	T046	C0040053
27931296	1899	1908	hemolysis	T046	C0019054
27931296	1929	1939	high doses	T081	C0444956
27931296	1949	1972	route of administration	T169	C0013153
27931296	1974	1979	Renal	T023	C0022646
27931296	1980	1995	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27931296	2011	2015	IVIG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	2040	2043	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
27931296	2057	2081	routes of administration	T169	C0013153
27931296	2129	2139	physicians	T097	C0031831
27931296	2153	2161	patients	T101	C0030705
27931296	2182	2189	therapy	T061	C0279033

27932462|t|Salmonella Co-opts Host Cell Chaperone -mediated Autophagy for Intracellular Growth
27932462|a|Salmonella enterica are invasive intracellular pathogens that replicate within a membrane - bound compartment inside infected host cells known as the Salmonella - containing vacuole. How Salmonella obtains nutrients for growth within this intracellular niche despite the apparent isolation is currently not known. Recent studies have indicated the importance of glucose and related carbon sources for tissue colonization and intracellular proliferation within host cells during Salmonella infections, although none have been found to be essential. We found that wild-type Salmonella are capable of replicating within infected host cells in the absence of both exogenous sugars and/or amino acids. Furthermore, mutants defective in glucose uptake or dependent upon peptides for growth also showed no significant loss in intracellular replication, suggesting host - derived peptides can supply both carbon units and amino acids. Here, we show that intracellular Salmonella recruit the host proteins LAMP-2A and Hsc73, key components of the host protein turnover pathway known as chaperone -mediated autophagy involved in transport of cytosolic proteins to the lysosome for degradation. Host- derived peptides are shown to provide a significant contribution toward the intracellular growth of Salmonella The results reveal a means whereby intracellular Salmonella gain access to the host cell cytosol from within its membrane - bound compartment to acquire nutrients. Furthermore, this study provides an explanation as to how Salmonella evades activation of autophagy mechanisms as part of the innate immune response.
27932462	0	10	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27932462	19	28	Host Cell	T026	C1819995
27932462	29	38	Chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
27932462	49	58	Autophagy	T043	C0004391
27932462	63	76	Intracellular	T082	C0178719
27932462	77	83	Growth	T040	C0178747
27932462	84	103	Salmonella enterica	T007	C0445750
27932462	108	116	invasive	T080	C0205281
27932462	117	130	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27932462	131	140	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27932462	146	155	replicate	T080	C1883725
27932462	165	173	membrane	T026	C0596901
27932462	176	181	bound	T052	C1145667
27932462	182	193	compartment	T082	C1948049
27932462	201	209	infected	T033	C0439663
27932462	210	220	host cells	T026	C1819995
27932462	234	244	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27932462	247	257	containing	T169	C0332256
27932462	258	265	vacuole	T026	C0042219
27932462	271	281	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27932462	282	289	obtains	T169	C1301820
27932462	290	299	nutrients	T168	C0678695
27932462	304	310	growth	T040	C0178747
27932462	323	342	intracellular niche	T082	C0178719
27932462	355	363	apparent	T078	C0750489
27932462	364	373	isolation	T059	C0220862
27932462	405	412	studies	T062	C2603343
27932462	418	427	indicated	T033	C1444656
27932462	432	442	importance	T080	C3898777
27932462	446	453	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27932462	458	465	related	T080	C0439849
27932462	466	472	carbon	T196	C0007009
27932462	473	480	sources	T033	C0449416
27932462	485	491	tissue	T024	C0040300
27932462	492	504	colonization	T033	C4289767
27932462	509	522	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27932462	523	536	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27932462	544	554	host cells	T026	C1819995
27932462	562	583	Salmonella infections	T047	C0036117
27932462	621	630	essential	T080	C0205224
27932462	646	655	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27932462	656	666	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27932462	682	693	replicating	T080	C1883725
27932462	701	709	infected	T033	C0439663
27932462	710	720	host cells	T026	C1819995
27932462	728	735	absence	T169	C0332197
27932462	744	753	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27932462	754	760	sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
27932462	768	779	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27932462	794	801	mutants	T049	C0596988
27932462	802	811	defective	T169	C0332452
27932462	815	829	glucose uptake	T043	C1159527
27932462	833	842	dependent	T080	C1701901
27932462	848	856	peptides	T116	C0030956
27932462	861	867	growth	T040	C0178747
27932462	883	894	significant	T078	C0750502
27932462	895	899	loss	T081	C1517945
27932462	903	916	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27932462	917	928	replication	T080	C1883725
27932462	941	945	host	T001	C1167395
27932462	948	955	derived	T080	C1441547
27932462	956	964	peptides	T116	C0030956
27932462	981	987	carbon	T196	C0007009
27932462	988	993	units	T081	C0439148
27932462	998	1009	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27932462	1030	1043	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27932462	1044	1054	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27932462	1067	1071	host	T001	C1167395
27932462	1072	1080	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27932462	1081	1088	LAMP-2A	T116,T129	C0125272
27932462	1093	1098	Hsc73	T116,T123	C1527505
27932462	1100	1103	key	T077	C1706198
27932462	1104	1114	components	T116,T123	C1179435
27932462	1122	1126	host	T001	C1167395
27932462	1127	1143	protein turnover	T044	C0597297
27932462	1144	1151	pathway	T044	C1704259
27932462	1161	1170	chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
27932462	1181	1190	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27932462	1203	1212	transport	T043	C0599895
27932462	1216	1234	cytosolic proteins	T116,T123	C1333198
27932462	1242	1250	lysosome	T026	C0024369
27932462	1255	1266	degradation	T044	C0597297
27932462	1274	1281	derived	T080	C1441547
27932462	1282	1290	peptides	T116	C0030956
27932462	1314	1325	significant	T078	C0750502
27932462	1326	1338	contribution	T052	C1880177
27932462	1350	1363	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27932462	1364	1370	growth	T040	C0178747
27932462	1374	1384	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27932462	1389	1396	results	T033	C0683954
27932462	1420	1433	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27932462	1434	1444	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27932462	1445	1449	gain	T081	C1517378
27932462	1450	1456	access	T082	C0444454
27932462	1464	1481	host cell cytosol	T026	C2752457
27932462	1498	1506	membrane	T026	C0596901
27932462	1509	1514	bound	T052	C1145667
27932462	1515	1526	compartment	T082	C1948049
27932462	1530	1537	acquire	T052	C1706701
27932462	1538	1547	nutrients	T168	C0678695
27932462	1567	1572	study	T062	C2603343
27932462	1573	1581	provides	T052	C1999230
27932462	1585	1596	explanation	T170	C0681841
27932462	1607	1617	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
27932462	1618	1624	evades	T040	C1654934
27932462	1625	1635	activation	T052	C1879547
27932462	1639	1648	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27932462	1649	1659	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27932462	1675	1697	innate immune response	T032	C0020969

27932568|t|Targeting HIF2 in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
27932568|a|Inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein (pVHL) is the signature "truncal" event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which is the most common form of kidney cancer. pVHL is part of a ubiquitin ligase the targets the α subunit of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor for destruction when oxygen is available. Preclinical studies strongly suggest that deregulation of HIF, and particularly HIF2, drives pVHL -defective renal carcinogenesis. Although HIF2α was classically considered undruggable, structural and chemical work by Rick Bruick and Kevin Gardner at University of Texas Southwestern laid the foundation for the development of small molecule direct HIF2α antagonists (PT2385 and the related tool compound PT2399) by Peloton Therapeutics that block the dimerization of HIF2α with its partner protein ARNT1. These compounds inhibit clear cell renal cell carcinoma growth in preclinical models, and PT2385 has now entered the clinic. Nonetheless, the availability of such compounds, together with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based gene editing approaches, has revealed a previously unappreciated heterogeneity among clear cell renal carcinomas and patient -derived xenografts with respect to HIF2 dependence, suggesting that predictive biomarkers will be needed to optimize the use of such agents in the clinic.
27932568	0	9	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27932568	10	14	HIF2	T116,T123	C1436532
27932568	18	49	Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0279702
27932568	70	112	von Hippel-Lindau tumor-suppressor protein	T116,T126	C1566585
27932568	114	118	pVHL	T116,T126	C1566585
27932568	127	152	signature "truncal" event	T033	C0243095
27932568	156	187	clear cell renal cell carcinoma	T191	C0279702
27932568	222	235	kidney cancer	T191	C1378703
27932568	237	241	pVHL	T116,T126	C1566585
27932568	255	271	ubiquitin ligase	T116,T126	C0077678
27932568	276	283	targets	T169	C1521840
27932568	288	297	α subunit	T116	C0599220
27932568	305	356	hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor	T116,T123	C1528322
27932568	361	372	destruction	T052	C1948029
27932568	399	410	Preclinical	T080	C1709630
27932568	411	418	studies	T062	C0008972
27932568	441	453	deregulation	T049	C1514542
27932568	457	460	HIF	T116,T123	C1528322
27932568	479	483	HIF2	T116,T123	C1436532
27932568	492	496	pVHL	T116,T126	C1566585
27932568	508	528	renal carcinogenesis	T191	C1378703
27932568	539	544	HIF2α	T116,T123	C0538487
27932568	572	583	undruggable	T080	C0205556
27932568	617	628	Rick Bruick	T170	C0805191
27932568	633	646	Kevin Gardner	T170	C0805191
27932568	650	682	University of Texas Southwestern	T073,T092	C0041740
27932568	726	740	small molecule	T109	C1328819
27932568	748	765	HIF2α antagonists	T120	C0243076
27932568	767	773	PT2385	T109,T121	C3896783
27932568	804	810	PT2399	T120	C0243076
27932568	815	835	Peloton Therapeutics	T093	C0815266
27932568	841	846	block	T169	C0332206
27932568	851	863	dimerization	T044	C1323327
27932568	867	872	HIF2α	T116,T123	C0538487
27932568	890	903	protein ARNT1	T116,T123	C1506870
27932568	921	967	inhibit clear cell renal cell carcinoma growth	T043	C1512773
27932568	971	989	preclinical models	T170	C1514292
27932568	995	1001	PT2385	T109,T121	C3896783
27932568	1022	1028	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
27932568	1063	1077	such compounds	T121	C1254351
27932568	1093	1149	clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat	T114	C3658200
27932568	1151	1157	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
27932568	1165	1188	gene editing approaches	T063	C4277689
27932568	1216	1243	unappreciated heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27932568	1250	1277	clear cell renal carcinomas	T191	C0279702
27932568	1282	1289	patient	T101	C0030705
27932568	1299	1309	xenografts	T061	C0520484
27932568	1326	1330	HIF2	T116,T123	C1436532
27932568	1359	1380	predictive biomarkers	T123	C0041366
27932568	1399	1407	optimize	T052	C2698650
27932568	1419	1430	such agents	T121	C1254351
27932568	1438	1444	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592

27932585|t|Structural and functional characterization of the TYW3 / Taw3 class of SAM-dependent methyltransferases
27932585|a|S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases regulate a wide range of biological processes through the modification of proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, as well as various metabolites. TYW3 / Taw3 is a SAM-dependent methyltransferase responsible for the formation of a tRNA modification known as wybutosine and its derivatives that are required for accurate decoding in protein synthesis. Here, we report the crystal structure of Taw3, a homolog of TYW3 from Sulfolobus solfataricus, which revealed a novel α/β fold. The sequence motif (S/T)xSSCxGR and invariant aspartate and histidine, conserved in TYW3 / Taw3, cluster to form the catalytic center. These structural and sequence features indicate that TYW3 / Taw3 proteins constitute a distinct class of SAM-dependent methyltransferases. Using site-directed mutagenesis along with in vivo complementation assays combined with mass spectrometry as well as ligand docking and cofactor binding assays, we have identified the active site of TYW3 and residues essential for cofactor binding and methyltransferase activity.
27932585	50	54	TYW3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	57	61	Taw3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	71	103	SAM-dependent methyltransferases	T116,T126	C0969403
27932585	104	159	S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferases	T116,T126	C0969403
27932585	160	168	regulate	T038	C1327622
27932585	185	205	biological processes	T038	C3714634
27932585	218	230	modification	T044	C2752381
27932585	234	242	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	244	257	nucleic acids	T114,T123	C0028606
27932585	259	274	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
27932585	295	306	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27932585	308	312	TYW3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	315	319	Taw3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	325	356	SAM-dependent methyltransferase	T116,T126	C0969403
27932585	392	409	tRNA modification	T045	C1158758
27932585	419	429	wybutosine	T114	C1171957
27932585	481	489	decoding	T045	C1519614
27932585	493	510	protein synthesis	T044	C0597295
27932585	532	549	crystal structure	T026	C0230587
27932585	553	557	Taw3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	572	576	TYW3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	582	605	Sulfolobus solfataricus	T194	C0995927
27932585	630	638	α/β fold	T044	C0162847
27932585	660	671	S/T)xSSCxGR	T087	C0002518
27932585	686	695	aspartate	T116,T123	C0085845
27932585	700	709	histidine	T116,T121,T123	C0019602
27932585	724	728	TYW3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	731	735	Taw3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	737	744	cluster	T081	C1704332
27932585	757	766	catalytic	T067	C0175921
27932585	781	791	structural	T116	C1510464
27932585	796	804	sequence	T087	C0002518
27932585	828	832	TYW3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	835	839	Taw3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	880	912	SAM-dependent methyltransferases	T116,T126	C0969403
27932585	920	945	site-directed mutagenesis	T045	C0079870
27932585	957	987	in vivo complementation assays	T059,T063	C0017381
27932585	1002	1019	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27932585	1031	1045	ligand docking	T044	C1522290
27932585	1050	1066	cofactor binding	T044	C1323251
27932585	1067	1073	assays	T059	C1510438
27932585	1098	1109	active site	T169	C0205681
27932585	1113	1117	TYW3	T116,T123	C0033684
27932585	1145	1161	cofactor binding	T044	C1323251
27932585	1166	1192	methyltransferase activity	T044	C1152247

27932645|t|Complete Genome Sequences of the Endophytic Streptomyces Strains EN16, EN23, and EN27, Isolated from Wheat Plants
27932645|a|The complete genome sequences of three endophytic Streptomyces species were compared. Strains EN16, EN23, and EN27 were isolated from surface- sterilized roots of wheat plants from South Australia. In field trials, these strains are effective in suppressing fungal root diseases of wheat when added as spore coatings to wheat seed.
27932645	9	25	Genome Sequences	T059	C3854164
27932645	33	43	Endophytic	T033	C3842357
27932645	44	69	Streptomyces Strains EN16	T007	C1226924
27932645	71	75	EN23	T007	C1226925
27932645	81	85	EN27	T007	C1226332
27932645	101	113	Wheat Plants	T002	C0087114
27932645	127	143	genome sequences	T059	C3854164
27932645	153	163	endophytic	T033	C3842357
27932645	164	184	Streptomyces species	T007	C1295886
27932645	200	212	Strains EN16	T007	C1226924
27932645	214	218	EN23	T007	C1226925
27932645	224	228	EN27	T007	C1226332
27932645	257	267	sterilized	T080	C0232920
27932645	268	273	roots	T002	C0242726
27932645	277	289	wheat plants	T002	C0087114
27932645	295	310	South Australia	T083	C0037715
27932645	335	342	strains	T007	C1295886
27932645	372	378	fungal	T169	C0521033
27932645	379	383	root	T002	C0242726
27932645	384	392	diseases	T047	C0012634
27932645	396	401	wheat	T002	C0087114
27932645	416	421	spore	T007	C0038028
27932645	422	430	coatings	T080	C1522408
27932645	434	444	wheat seed	T168	C0043137

27932982|t|Impact of CYP2C19 Variants on Clinical Efficacy of Clopidogrel and 1- Year Clinical Outcomes in Coronary Heart Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
27932982|a|The impact of pharmacogenetic variants of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) on clopidogrel -mediated effects on platelet inhibition, inflammatory response and endothelial function, as well as risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), in coronary heart patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was investigated. To this end, we assessed the residual platelet aggregation rate (RPA), maximal aggregation rate (MAR) and plasma levels of sCD40L, sP-selectin, MMP-9, sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin after 24 h of PCI in 559 patients treated with clopidogrel and followed up for 1 year for evidence of MACE. CYP2C19(*)2 and (*)3 variants were identified using a clopidogrel -sensitive gene detection kit. Our results showed higher RPA and MAR as well as increased sE-selectin, sCD40L, sP-selectin, MMP-9, and sVCAM-1 levels in CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizer (IM, CYP2C19(*)1 / (*)2, or (*)1 / (*)3), poor metabolizer (PM, CYP2C19(*)2 / (*)2, (*)2 / (*)3, or (*)3 / (*)3) and combined IM+PM groups, relative to those in extensive metabolizers (EM, CYP2C19(*)1 /(*)1). In total, 519 patients completed 1 year of follow-up, among which 69 (13.3%) experienced MACE. The risk of MACE in CYP2C19 IM+PM patients was 2.664 times higher than that in CYP2C19 EM patients (OR = 2.664 (1.397-5.193), P = 0.004). The data suggest that CYP2C19(*)2 and (*)3 variants modulate the drug efficacy of clopidogrel in coronary heart patients undergoing PCI and further enhance the risk of MACE. Accordingly, CYP2C19 pharmacogenetic profiling may be beneficial for coronary heart patients undergoing PCI to predict the efficacy of treatment with clopidogrel. We propose that IM and PM patients should benefit from treatment with higher clopidogrel doses to improve efficacy and reduce the incidence of MACE.
27932982	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
27932982	10	17	CYP2C19	T028	C1332828
27932982	18	26	Variants	T028	C0678941
27932982	30	47	Clinical Efficacy	T080	C3850123
27932982	51	62	Clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
27932982	70	74	Year	T079	C0439234
27932982	75	92	Clinical Outcomes	T080	C0085415
27932982	96	119	Coronary Heart Patients	T101	C0741926
27932982	131	165	Percutaneous Coronary Intervention	T061	C1532338
27932982	170	176	impact	T080	C4049986
27932982	180	204	pharmacogenetic variants	T045	C4277630
27932982	208	228	cytochrome P450 2C19	T116,T126	C0960580
27932982	230	237	CYP2C19	T116,T126	C0960580
27932982	242	253	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
27932982	275	294	platelet inhibition	T049	C0302106
27932982	296	317	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
27932982	322	342	endothelial function	T059	C3694812
27932982	355	359	risk	T078	C0035647
27932982	363	398	major adverse cardiovascular events	T047	C1385306
27932982	400	404	MACE	T047	C1385306
27932982	410	433	coronary heart patients	T101	C0741926
27932982	445	479	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
27932982	481	484	PCI	T061	C1532338
27932982	533	567	residual platelet aggregation rate	T059	C0920267
27932982	569	572	RPA	T059	C0920267
27932982	575	599	maximal aggregation rate	T081	C1521828
27932982	601	604	MAR	T081	C1521828
27932982	610	623	plasma levels	T059	C0427425
27932982	627	633	sCD40L	T059	C2825885
27932982	635	646	sP-selectin	T059	C3890352
27932982	648	653	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27932982	655	662	sVCAM-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27932982	667	678	sE-selectin	T059	C3890402
27932982	693	696	PCI	T061	C1532338
27932982	704	712	patients	T101	C0030705
27932982	713	725	treated with	T061	C0332293
27932982	726	737	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
27932982	742	753	followed up	T058	C1522577
27932982	760	764	year	T079	C0439234
27932982	769	777	evidence	T078	C3887511
27932982	781	785	MACE	T047	C1385306
27932982	787	798	CYP2C19(*)2	T028	C1707181
27932982	803	807	(*)3	T028	C1707182
27932982	808	816	variants	T028	C0678941
27932982	822	832	identified	T080	C0205396
27932982	841	852	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
27932982	864	882	gene detection kit	T063	C1517481
27932982	888	895	results	T169	C1274040
27932982	903	913	higher RPA	T033	C0243095
27932982	918	921	MAR	T081	C1521828
27932982	933	942	increased	T081	C0205217
27932982	943	954	sE-selectin	T116,T129,T192	C0115305
27932982	956	962	sCD40L	T116,T129	C0167627
27932982	964	975	sP-selectin	T116,T129	C0134835
27932982	977	982	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27932982	988	995	sVCAM-1	T116,T129	C0078056
27932982	996	1002	levels	T080	C0441889
27932982	1006	1038	CYP2C19 intermediate metabolizer	T033	C3203684
27932982	1040	1042	IM	T033	C3845232
27932982	1044	1055	CYP2C19(*)1	T028	C1707180
27932982	1058	1062	(*)2	T028	C1707181
27932982	1067	1071	(*)1	T028	C1707180
27932982	1074	1078	(*)3	T028	C1707182
27932982	1081	1097	poor metabolizer	T033	C3845231
27932982	1099	1101	PM	T033	C3845231
27932982	1103	1114	CYP2C19(*)2	T028	C1707181
27932982	1117	1121	(*)2	T028	C1707181
27932982	1123	1127	(*)2	T028	C1707181
27932982	1130	1134	(*)3	T028	C1707182
27932982	1139	1143	(*)3	T028	C1707182
27932982	1146	1150	(*)3	T028	C1707182
27932982	1165	1177	IM+PM groups	T033	C0243095
27932982	1200	1222	extensive metabolizers	T033	C3845233
27932982	1224	1226	EM	T033	C3845233
27932982	1228	1239	CYP2C19(*)1	T028	C1707180
27932982	1240	1245	/(*)1	T028	C1707180
27932982	1262	1270	patients	T101	C0030705
27932982	1283	1287	year	T079	C0439234
27932982	1291	1300	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27932982	1337	1341	MACE	T047	C1385306
27932982	1347	1359	risk of MACE	T033	C1273410
27932982	1363	1376	CYP2C19 IM+PM	T033	C0243095
27932982	1377	1385	patients	T101	C0030705
27932982	1402	1408	higher	T080	C0205250
27932982	1422	1429	CYP2C19	T028	C1332828
27932982	1430	1432	EM	T033	C3845233
27932982	1433	1441	patients	T101	C0030705
27932982	1485	1489	data	T081	C0011001
27932982	1503	1514	CYP2C19(*)2	T028	C1707181
27932982	1519	1523	(*)3	T028	C1707182
27932982	1524	1532	variants	T028	C0678941
27932982	1546	1559	drug efficacy	T080	C0598333
27932982	1563	1574	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
27932982	1578	1601	coronary heart patients	T101	C0741926
27932982	1613	1616	PCI	T061	C1532338
27932982	1629	1636	enhance	T052	C2349975
27932982	1641	1653	risk of MACE	T033	C1273410
27932982	1668	1675	CYP2C19	T028	C1332828
27932982	1676	1701	pharmacogenetic profiling	T045	C4277630
27932982	1724	1747	coronary heart patients	T101	C0741926
27932982	1759	1762	PCI	T061	C1532338
27932982	1778	1799	efficacy of treatment	T080	C0087113
27932982	1805	1816	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
27932982	1834	1836	IM	T033	C3845232
27932982	1841	1843	PM	T033	C3845231
27932982	1844	1852	patients	T101	C0030705
27932982	1873	1882	treatment	T061	C0087111
27932982	1888	1894	higher	T080	C0205250
27932982	1895	1906	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
27932982	1916	1932	improve efficacy	T080	C0087113
27932982	1937	1943	reduce	T080	C0392756
27932982	1948	1957	incidence	T081	C0021149
27932982	1961	1965	MACE	T047	C1385306

27933173|t|A rare case of gestational thyrotoxicosis as a cause of acute myocardial infarction
27933173|a|Angina pectoris in pregnancy is unusual and Prinzmetal's angina is much rarer. It accounts for 2% of all cases of angina. It is caused by vasospasm, but the mechanism of spasm is unknown but has been linked with hyperthyroidism in some studies. Patients with thyrotoxicosis - induced acute myocardial infarction are unusual and almost all reported cases have been associated with Graves' disease. Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone - induced hyperthyroidism occurs in about 1.4% of pregnant women, mostly when hCG levels are above 70-80 000 IU/L. Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis is transient and generally resolves spontaneously in the latter half of pregnancy, and specific antithyroid treatment is not required. Treatment with calcium channel blockers or nitrates reduces spasm in most of these patients. Overall, the prognosis for hyperthyroidism - associated coronary vasospasm is good. We describe a very rare case of an acute myocardial infarction in a 27- year-old female, at 9 weeks of gestation due to right coronary artery spasm secondary to gestational hyperthyroidism with free thyroxine of 7.7 ng/dL and TSH <0.07 IU/L. AMI and cardiac arrest due to GTT despite optimal medical therapy is extremely rare. Gestational hyperthyroidism should be considered in pregnant patients presenting with ACS -like symptoms especially in the setting of hyperemesis gravidarum .Our case highlights the need for increased awareness of general medical community that GTT can lead to significant cardiac events. Novel methods of controlling GTT as well as medical interventions like ICD need further study.
27933173	2	6	rare	T080	C0522498
27933173	7	11	case	T169	C0868928
27933173	15	41	gestational thyrotoxicosis	T047	C0342138
27933173	47	52	cause	T169	C0015127
27933173	56	83	acute myocardial infarction	T047	C0155626
27933173	84	99	Angina pectoris	T184	C0002962
27933173	103	112	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27933173	116	123	unusual	T080	C2700116
27933173	128	147	Prinzmetal's angina	T047	C0002963
27933173	151	155	much	T033	C4281574
27933173	156	161	rarer	T080	C0522498
27933173	185	188	all	T081	C0444868
27933173	189	194	cases	T169	C0868928
27933173	198	204	angina	T184	C0002962
27933173	212	218	caused	T169	C0015127
27933173	222	231	vasospasm	T046	C0085616
27933173	241	259	mechanism of spasm	T067	C0460140
27933173	263	270	unknown	T080	C0439673
27933173	296	311	hyperthyroidism	T047	C0020550
27933173	320	327	studies	T062	C2603343
27933173	329	337	Patients	T101	C0030705
27933173	343	357	thyrotoxicosis	T047	C0040156
27933173	360	367	induced	T169	C0205263
27933173	368	395	acute myocardial infarction	T047	C0155626
27933173	400	407	unusual	T080	C2700116
27933173	419	422	all	T081	C0444868
27933173	423	431	reported	T058	C0700287
27933173	432	437	cases	T169	C0868928
27933173	448	463	associated with	T080	C0332281
27933173	464	479	Graves' disease	T047	C0018213
27933173	481	517	Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone	T116,T121,T125	C1141639
27933173	520	527	induced	T169	C0205263
27933173	528	543	hyperthyroidism	T047	C0020550
27933173	544	550	occurs	T079	C2745955
27933173	568	582	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27933173	596	606	hCG levels	T034	C1318379
27933173	633	669	Gestational transient thyrotoxicosis	T047	C0342138
27933173	673	682	transient	T079	C0205374
27933173	706	719	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
27933173	727	733	latter	T079	C0205087
27933173	734	738	half	T081	C2825407
27933173	742	751	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
27933173	766	777	antithyroid	T121,T125	C0040125
27933173	778	787	treatment	T169	C0039798
27933173	791	803	not required	T078	C1611645
27933173	805	844	Treatment with calcium channel blockers	UnknownType	C0741865
27933173	848	856	nitrates	T104	C0028125
27933173	857	864	reduces	T080	C0392756
27933173	865	870	spasm	T184	C0037763
27933173	874	878	most	T081	C0205393
27933173	888	896	patients	T101	C0030705
27933173	898	905	Overall	T080	C1561607
27933173	911	920	prognosis	T058	C0033325
27933173	925	940	hyperthyroidism	T047	C0020550
27933173	943	953	associated	T080	C0332281
27933173	954	972	coronary vasospasm	T047	C0010073
27933173	976	980	good	T080	C0205170
27933173	985	993	describe	T078	C1552738
27933173	1001	1005	rare	T080	C0522498
27933173	1006	1010	case	T169	C0868928
27933173	1017	1044	acute myocardial infarction	T047	C0155626
27933173	1054	1062	year-old	T100	C0001675
27933173	1063	1069	female	T098	C0043210
27933173	1074	1094	9 weeks of gestation	T033	C3646604
27933173	1095	1101	due to	T169	C0678226
27933173	1108	1129	coronary artery spasm	T047	C0010073
27933173	1130	1142	secondary to	T080	C0175668
27933173	1143	1170	gestational hyperthyroidism	T047	C0342138
27933173	1176	1190	free thyroxine	T034	C0428418
27933173	1208	1211	TSH	T034	C0428414
27933173	1224	1227	AMI	T047	C0155626
27933173	1232	1246	cardiac arrest	T047	C0018790
27933173	1247	1253	due to	T169	C0678226
27933173	1254	1257	GTT	T047	C0342138
27933173	1266	1273	optimal	T080	C2698651
27933173	1274	1289	medical therapy	T061	C0418981
27933173	1293	1302	extremely	T080	C0205403
27933173	1303	1307	rare	T080	C0522498
27933173	1309	1336	Gestational hyperthyroidism	T047	C0342138
27933173	1347	1357	considered	T078	C0750591
27933173	1361	1369	pregnant	T098	C0033011
27933173	1370	1378	patients	T101	C0030705
27933173	1395	1398	ACS	T047	C0948089
27933173	1405	1413	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27933173	1443	1465	hyperemesis gravidarum	T184	C0020450
27933173	1471	1475	case	T169	C0868928
27933173	1491	1495	need	T080	C0027552
27933173	1500	1509	increased	T081	C0205217
27933173	1510	1519	awareness	T184	C1389777
27933173	1523	1548	general medical community	T073,T093	C1562642
27933173	1554	1557	GTT	T047	C0342138
27933173	1582	1596	cardiac events	T047	C0741923
27933173	1598	1603	Novel	T080	C0205314
27933173	1604	1611	methods	T061	C0087111
27933173	1615	1626	controlling	T061	C0920467
27933173	1627	1630	GTT	T047	C0342138
27933173	1642	1663	medical interventions	T061	C0184661
27933173	1669	1672	ICD	T074	C0162589
27933173	1673	1677	need	T080	C0027552
27933173	1678	1685	further	T082	C1517331
27933173	1686	1691	study	T062	C2603343

27933285|t|Developmental Profile and Diagnoses in Children Presenting with Motor Stereotypies
27933285|a|Motor stereotypies represent a typical example of the difficulty in distinguishing non-clinical behaviors (physiological and transient) from symptoms or among different disorders [" primary stereotypies ," associated with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disabilities, genetic syndromes, and sensory impairment]. The aim of this study was to obtain an accurate assessment on the relationship between stereotypies and neurodevelopmental disorders. We studied 23 children (3 girls), aged 36-95 months, who requested a consultation due to the persistence or increased severity of motor stereotypies. None of the patients had a previous diagnosis of ASD. The assessment included the Motor Severity Stereotypy Scale (MSSS), the Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised (RBS-R), the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices, the Child Behavior CheckList for ages 1½-5 or 4-18 (CBCL), the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-second edition (ADOS 2). All patients were showing motor stereotypies for periods of time varying from 6 to 77 months. The MSSS showed that each child had a limited number of stereotypies; their frequency and intensity were mild. The interference of stereotypies was variable; the impairment in daily life was mild. The RBS-R scores were positive for the subscale of " stereotypic behaviors " in all children. Moreover, several children presented other repetitive behaviors, mainly " ritualistic behavior " and " sameness behavior ." All patients showed a normal cognitive level. The CBCL evidenced behavioral problems in 22% of the children: internalizing problems, attention, and withdrawn were the main complaints. On the SRS, all but one of the tested patients obtained clinical scores in the clinical range for at least one area. On the ADOS 2, 4 patients obtained scores indicating a moderate level of ASD symptoms, 4 had a mild level, and 15 showed no or minimal signs of ASD. Motor stereotypies in children with normal cognitive level represent a challenging diagnostic issue for which a finely tailored assessment is mandatory in order to define a precise developmental profile. Thus, careful and cautious use of standardized tests is warranted to avoid misdiagnosis. Furthermore, it is hard to consider motor stereotypies, even the primary ones, exclusively as a movement disorder.
27933285	0	13	Developmental	T080	C0458003
27933285	14	21	Profile	T059	C1979963
27933285	26	35	Diagnoses	T062	C1704656
27933285	39	47	Children	T100	C0008059
27933285	64	82	Motor Stereotypies	T033	C3898226
27933285	83	101	Motor stereotypies	T033	C3898226
27933285	137	147	difficulty	T080	C0332218
27933285	166	188	non-clinical behaviors	T053	C0004927
27933285	190	203	physiological	T039	C0031843
27933285	208	217	transient	T079	C0205374
27933285	224	232	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27933285	252	261	disorders	T047	C0012634
27933285	265	285	primary stereotypies	T048	C4302136
27933285	289	304	associated with	T080	C0332281
27933285	305	331	autistic spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
27933285	333	336	ASD	T048	C1510586
27933285	339	364	intellectual disabilities	T048	C3714756
27933285	366	383	genetic syndromes	T047	C0567439
27933285	389	407	sensory impairment	T033	C4062750
27933285	426	431	study	T062	C2603343
27933285	439	445	obtain	T169	C1301820
27933285	458	468	assessment	T058	C0220825
27933285	476	488	relationship	T080	C0439849
27933285	497	509	stereotypies	T048	C0038273
27933285	514	542	neurodevelopmental disorders	T048	C1535926
27933285	547	554	studied	T062	C2603343
27933285	558	566	children	T100	C0008059
27933285	570	575	girls	T100	C0870604
27933285	578	582	aged	T032	C0001779
27933285	589	595	months	T079	C0439231
27933285	613	625	consultation	T058	C0009818
27933285	637	648	persistence	T033	C0518691
27933285	652	661	increased	T081	C0205217
27933285	662	670	severity	T080	C0392364
27933285	674	692	motor stereotypies	T033	C3898226
27933285	706	714	patients	T101	C0030705
27933285	730	739	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27933285	743	746	ASD	T048	C1510586
27933285	752	762	assessment	T058	C0220825
27933285	776	807	Motor Severity Stereotypy Scale	T170	C0349674
27933285	809	813	MSSS	T170	C0349674
27933285	820	853	Repetitive Behavior Scale-Revised	T170	C0475483
27933285	855	860	RBS-R	T170	C0475483
27933285	867	903	Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices	T033	C4305179
27933285	909	933	Child Behavior CheckList	T060,T170	C0870266
27933285	938	942	ages	T032	C0001779
27933285	957	961	CBCL	T060,T170	C0870266
27933285	968	995	Social Responsiveness Scale	T170	C0349674
27933285	996	1001	(SRS)	T170	C0349674
27933285	1011	1064	Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-second edition	T170	C0282574
27933285	1066	1072	ADOS 2	T170	C0282574
27933285	1079	1087	patients	T101	C0030705
27933285	1101	1119	motor stereotypies	T033	C3898226
27933285	1124	1139	periods of time	T079	C1948053
27933285	1161	1167	months	T079	C0439231
27933285	1173	1177	MSSS	T170	C0349674
27933285	1195	1200	child	T100	C0870604
27933285	1207	1214	limited	T169	C0439801
27933285	1215	1221	number	T081	C0237753
27933285	1225	1237	stereotypies	T048	C0038273
27933285	1245	1254	frequency	T081	C0871396
27933285	1259	1268	intensity	T080	C0522510
27933285	1274	1278	mild	T080	C2945599
27933285	1284	1296	interference	T169	C0521102
27933285	1300	1312	stereotypies	T048	C0038273
27933285	1317	1325	variable	T080	C0439828
27933285	1331	1341	impairment	T169	C0221099
27933285	1351	1355	life	T078	C0376558
27933285	1360	1364	mild	T080	C2945599
27933285	1370	1375	RBS-R	T170	C0475483
27933285	1376	1382	scores	T081	C0449820
27933285	1419	1440	stereotypic behaviors	T048	C0038271
27933285	1450	1458	children	T100	C0008059
27933285	1478	1486	children	T100	C0008059
27933285	1503	1523	repetitive behaviors	T033	C1827547
27933285	1534	1554	ritualistic behavior	T184	C2266670
27933285	1563	1580	sameness behavior	T033	C1827547
27933285	1588	1596	patients	T101	C0030705
27933285	1606	1628	normal cognitive level	T033	C4231661
27933285	1634	1638	CBCL	T060,T170	C0870266
27933285	1639	1648	evidenced	T078	C3887511
27933285	1649	1668	behavioral problems	T048	C0233514
27933285	1683	1691	children	T100	C0008059
27933285	1693	1715	internalizing problems	T184	C1457887
27933285	1717	1726	attention	T041	C0004268
27933285	1732	1741	withdrawn	T048	C2825032
27933285	1775	1778	SRS	T170	C0349674
27933285	1799	1805	tested	T169	C0039593
27933285	1806	1814	patients	T101	C0030705
27933285	1815	1823	obtained	T169	C1301820
27933285	1824	1839	clinical scores	T033	C3533165
27933285	1847	1855	clinical	T080	C0205210
27933285	1856	1861	range	T081	C1514721
27933285	1892	1898	ADOS 2	T170	C0282574
27933285	1902	1910	patients	T101	C0030705
27933285	1911	1919	obtained	T169	C1301820
27933285	1920	1926	scores	T081	C0449820
27933285	1940	1948	moderate	T080	C0205081
27933285	1949	1954	level	T080	C0441889
27933285	1958	1961	ASD	T048	C1510586
27933285	1962	1970	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27933285	1980	1984	mild	T080	C2945599
27933285	1985	1990	level	T080	C0441889
27933285	2020	2025	signs	T184	C0037088
27933285	2029	2032	ASD	T048	C1510586
27933285	2034	2052	Motor stereotypies	T033	C3898226
27933285	2056	2064	children	T100	C0008059
27933285	2070	2092	normal cognitive level	T033	C4231661
27933285	2117	2127	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27933285	2128	2133	issue	T033	C0033213
27933285	2153	2161	tailored	T170	C0870097
27933285	2162	2172	assessment	T058	C0220825
27933285	2215	2228	developmental	T080	C0458003
27933285	2229	2236	profile	T169	C2003903
27933285	2272	2290	standardized tests	T170	C0237892
27933285	2313	2325	misdiagnosis	T033	C0679838
27933285	2363	2381	motor stereotypies	T033	C3898226
27933285	2423	2440	movement disorder	T047	C0026650

27933664|t|Left ventricular rotational mechanics in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and preterm infants at 36 weeks postmenstrual age: A comparison with healthy term controls
27933664|a|There is a paucity of data on left ventricle (LV) rotational physiology in neonates. We aimed to assess rotational mechanics in infants with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and premature infants (<32 weeks) at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) (preterm group) and compare them with healthy term controls (term controls). We also compared the parameters in preterm infants with and without chronic lung disease (CLD). Echocardiography was performed within 48 hours of birth or at 36 weeks PMA. LV basal and apical rotation, twist (and torsion = twist / LV length), twist rate (LVTR), and untwist rate (LVUTR) were measured. One-way ANOVA was used to compare values. There was no difference in gestation (40.0 [39.1-40.3] vs 39.9 [39.0-40.9], P>.05) or birthweight (3.7 [3.4-4.1] vs 3.5 [3.2-3.9], P>.05) between the HIE group (n=16) and term controls (n=30). The preterm group (n=35) had a gestation and weight of 36.0 [34.6-36.3] weeks and 2.3 [2.0-2.4] kg. The HIE group had lower twist, torsion, LVTR, and LVUTR than the other two groups. The preterm group had a more negative (clockwise) basal rotation while the term group had a more positive (counterclockwise) apical rotation. Preterm infants with CLD had higher apical rotation, twist, and torsion when compared to infants without CLD. Infants with HIE have reduced rotational mechanics. Preterm infants at 36 weeks PMA have comparable measurements of twist to term infants. This is achieved by predominant basal rather than apical rotation. Infants with CLD have increased apical rotation.
27933664	0	16	Left ventricular	T023	C0225897
27933664	17	27	rotational	T082	C0445237
27933664	28	37	mechanics	T070	C0376706
27933664	41	48	infants	T100	C0021270
27933664	54	85	hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy	T047	C0752304
27933664	90	105	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
27933664	112	117	weeks	T079	C0439230
27933664	118	135	postmenstrual age	T032	C3828508
27933664	139	149	comparison	T052	C1707455
27933664	155	162	healthy	T080	C3898900
27933664	163	176	term controls	T096	C0009932
27933664	199	203	data	T078	C1511726
27933664	207	221	left ventricle	T023	C0225897
27933664	223	225	LV	T023	C0225897
27933664	227	248	rotational physiology	T091	C0031842
27933664	252	260	neonates	T100	C0021289
27933664	281	291	rotational	T082	C0445237
27933664	292	301	mechanics	T070	C0376706
27933664	305	312	infants	T100	C0021270
27933664	318	349	hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy	T047	C0752304
27933664	351	354	HIE	T047	C0752304
27933664	360	377	premature infants	T100	C4048294
27933664	383	388	weeks	T079	C0439230
27933664	396	401	weeks	T079	C0439230
27933664	402	419	postmenstrual age	T032	C3828508
27933664	421	424	PMA	T032	C3828508
27933664	427	440	preterm group	T098	C1257890
27933664	446	453	compare	T052	C1707455
27933664	464	471	healthy	T080	C3898900
27933664	472	485	term controls	T096	C0009932
27933664	487	500	term controls	T096	C0009932
27933664	511	519	compared	T052	C1707455
27933664	524	534	parameters	T077	C0549193
27933664	538	553	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
27933664	571	591	chronic lung disease	T047	C0746102
27933664	593	596	CLD	T047	C0746102
27933664	599	615	Echocardiography	T060	C0013516
27933664	640	645	hours	T079	C0439227
27933664	649	654	birth	T040	C0005615
27933664	664	669	weeks	T079	C0439230
27933664	670	673	PMA	T032	C3828508
27933664	675	677	LV	T023	C0225897
27933664	678	683	basal	T082	C0205112
27933664	695	703	rotation	T169	C0035868
27933664	705	710	twist	T082	C0231467
27933664	726	731	twist	T082	C0231467
27933664	734	743	LV length	T081	C1444754
27933664	746	756	twist rate	T081	C1521828
27933664	758	762	LVTR	T081	C1521828
27933664	769	781	untwist rate	T081	C1521828
27933664	783	788	LVUTR	T081	C1521828
27933664	805	818	One-way ANOVA	T081	C1709320
27933664	831	838	compare	T052	C1707455
27933664	839	845	values	T080	C0042295
27933664	874	883	gestation	T040	C0032961
27933664	933	944	birthweight	T032	C0005612
27933664	997	1000	HIE	T047	C0752304
27933664	1001	1006	group	T098	C1257890
27933664	1018	1031	term controls	T096	C0009932
27933664	1044	1057	preterm group	T098	C1257890
27933664	1071	1080	gestation	T040	C0032961
27933664	1085	1091	weight	T081	C0043100
27933664	1112	1117	weeks	T079	C0439230
27933664	1144	1147	HIE	T047	C0752304
27933664	1164	1169	twist	T082	C0231467
27933664	1180	1184	LVTR	T081	C1521828
27933664	1190	1195	LVUTR	T081	C1521828
27933664	1227	1240	preterm group	T098	C1257890
27933664	1262	1271	clockwise	T169	C3831073
27933664	1273	1278	basal	T082	C0205112
27933664	1279	1287	rotation	T169	C0035868
27933664	1298	1308	term group	T098	C1257890
27933664	1330	1346	counterclockwise	T169	C3830994
27933664	1348	1354	apical	T082	C0205111
27933664	1355	1363	rotation	T169	C0035868
27933664	1365	1380	Preterm infants	T100	C4048294
27933664	1386	1389	CLD	T047	C0746102
27933664	1401	1407	apical	T082	C0205111
27933664	1408	1416	rotation	T169	C0035868
27933664	1418	1423	twist	T082	C0231467
27933664	1442	1450	compared	T052	C1707455
27933664	1454	1461	infants	T100	C0021270
27933664	1470	1473	CLD	T047	C0746102
27933664	1475	1482	Infants	T100	C0021270
27933664	1488	1491	HIE	T047	C0752304
27933664	1505	1515	rotational	T082	C0445237
27933664	1516	1525	mechanics	T070	C0376706
27933664	1527	1542	Preterm infants	T100	C4048294
27933664	1549	1554	weeks	T079	C0439230
27933664	1555	1558	PMA	T032	C3828508
27933664	1564	1574	comparable	T052	C1707455
27933664	1575	1587	measurements	T169	C0242485
27933664	1591	1596	twist	T082	C0231467
27933664	1600	1612	term infants	T100	C0456128
27933664	1646	1651	basal	T082	C0205112
27933664	1646	1651	basal	T082	C0205112
27933664	1664	1670	apical	T082	C0205111
27933664	1671	1679	rotation	T169	C0035868
27933664	1681	1688	Infants	T100	C0021270
27933664	1694	1697	CLD	T047	C0746102
27933664	1713	1719	apical	T082	C0205111
27933664	1720	1728	rotation	T169	C0035868

27934165|t|Aspirin -Based Carbon Dots, a Good Biocompatibility of Material Applied for Bioimaging and Anti-Inflammation
27934165|a|The emerging photoluminescent carbon -based nanomaterials are promising in various fields besides cell imaging and carrier transport. Carbon nanomaterials with specific biological functions, however, are rarely investigated. Aspirin is a very common anti-inflammatory medication to relieve aches and pains. In this study, we have tried to create a carbon nanoparticle with aspirin, and we expect that this new carbon nanoparticle will have both anti-inflammatory and fluorescent biomarker functions. Fluorescent aspirin -based carbon dots (FACDs) were synthesized by condensing aspirin and hydrazine through a one-step microwave-assisted method. Imaging data demonstrated that FACDs efficiently entered into human cervical carcinoma and mouse monocyte macrophage cells in vitro with low cell toxicity. Results from quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histological analysis indicated that FACDs possessed effective anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and in vivo compared to aspirin only. Hematology, serum biochemistry, and histology results suggested that FACDs also had no significant toxicity in vivo. Our results clearly demonstrate that FACDs have dual functions, cellular imaging / bioimaging and anti-inflammation, and suggest that FACDs have great potential in future clinical applications.
27934165	0	7	Aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27934165	15	21	Carbon	T196	C0007009
27934165	22	26	Dots	T073	C1258084
27934165	35	51	Biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
27934165	76	86	Bioimaging	T170	C0872020
27934165	91	108	Anti-Inflammation	T080	C1515999
27934165	122	138	photoluminescent	T130	C1450139
27934165	139	145	carbon	T196	C0007009
27934165	153	166	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
27934165	207	219	cell imaging	T060	C1537000
27934165	224	241	carrier transport	T043	C0700215
27934165	243	249	Carbon	T196	C0007009
27934165	250	263	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
27934165	278	298	biological functions	T038	C3714634
27934165	334	341	Aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27934165	359	376	anti-inflammatory	T121	C0003209
27934165	399	414	aches and pains	T184	C0281856
27934165	457	463	carbon	T196	C0007009
27934165	482	489	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27934165	519	525	carbon	T196	C0007009
27934165	554	571	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
27934165	576	587	fluorescent	T109,T130	C0303920
27934165	588	607	biomarker functions	T121	C1955886
27934165	609	620	Fluorescent	T109,T130	C0303920
27934165	621	628	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27934165	636	642	carbon	T196	C0007009
27934165	643	647	dots	T073	C1258084
27934165	649	654	FACDs	T073	C1258084
27934165	687	694	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27934165	699	708	hydrazine	T197	C0020231
27934165	728	753	microwave-assisted method	T059	C0022885
27934165	755	767	Imaging data	T060	C0025086
27934165	786	791	FACDs	T073	C1258084
27934165	817	822	human	T016	C0086418
27934165	823	841	cervical carcinoma	T191	C0302592
27934165	846	851	mouse	T015	C0025929
27934165	852	877	monocyte macrophage cells	T025	C0024432
27934165	878	886	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27934165	901	909	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27934165	924	962	quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T059	C2733022
27934165	967	988	histological analysis	T059	C0019637
27934165	1004	1009	FACDs	T073	C1258084
27934165	1030	1055	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
27934165	1056	1064	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27934165	1069	1076	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27934165	1089	1096	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27934165	1103	1113	Hematology	T059	C0018941
27934165	1115	1133	serum biochemistry	T059	C0430027
27934165	1139	1148	histology	T059	C0344441
27934165	1149	1156	results	T034	C0456984
27934165	1172	1177	FACDs	T073	C1258084
27934165	1187	1201	no significant	T033	C1273937
27934165	1202	1210	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27934165	1211	1218	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27934165	1224	1231	results	T034	C0456984
27934165	1257	1262	FACDs	T073	C1258084
27934165	1284	1300	cellular imaging	T060	C1537000
27934165	1303	1313	bioimaging	T170	C0872020
27934165	1318	1335	anti-inflammation	T080	C1515999
27934165	1354	1359	FACDs	T073	C1258084

27934808|t|Presence of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL), extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) & AmpC positive non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli among Intensive Care Unit patients with special reference to molecular detection of blaCTX-M & blaAmpC genes
27934808|a|Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii have been implicated in a variety of infections, particularly in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs). This study was aimed to overview the burden of multidrug-resistant NFGNB causing infections in ICU and also to assess the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC and metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) among these isolates. Bacterial culture, identification and antibiotic susceptibility were carried out. ESBL s and AmpC were detected both phenotypically and genotypically. MBL was detected by modified Hodge and imipenem-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid double-disc synergy test. NFGNB represented 45 (37%) of total 121 Gram negative isolates. Multidrug resistance was observed in 66.9 per cent and 72.5 per cent isolates of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii, respectively. Detection by phenotypic methods showed presence of ESBL, AmpC and MBL in 21.4, 51.1 and 21.4 per cent isolates, respectively. When detected genotypically by polymerase chain reaction, ESBL and AmpC were detected in 21.4 and 41.4 per cent of NFGNB isolates, respectively. BlaCTX-M (21.4%) was the most prevalent gene responsible for ESBL production. Most of the NFGNB isolated from ICU patients were multidrug-resistant and producers of ESBL, AmpC and MBL. A regular surveillance is required to detect ESBL, AmpC and MBL producers, especially in ICU patients.
27934808	0	8	Presence	T033	C0150312
27934808	12	35	metallo-beta-lactamases	T116,T126	C0597979
27934808	37	40	MBL	T116,T126	C0597979
27934808	43	75	extended-spectrum beta-lactamase	T116,T126	C0486433
27934808	77	81	ESBL	T116,T126	C0486433
27934808	85	89	AmpC	T116,T126	C0164503
27934808	90	98	positive	T033	C1446409
27934808	99	135	non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli	T007	C0445801
27934808	142	161	Intensive Care Unit	T073,T093	C0021708
27934808	162	170	patients	T101	C0030705
27934808	197	216	molecular detection	T059	C0022885
27934808	220	228	blaCTX-M	T028	C0017337
27934808	231	244	blaAmpC genes	T028	C0017337
27934808	245	281	Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli	T007	C0445801
27934808	283	288	NFGNB	T007	C0445801
27934808	300	322	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27934808	327	350	Acinetobacter baumannii	T007	C0314787
27934808	388	398	infections	T046	C3714514
27934808	420	440	Intensive Care Units	T073,T093	C0021708
27934808	442	446	ICUs	T073,T093	C0021708
27934808	454	459	study	T062	C2603343
27934808	473	481	overview	T170	C0814812
27934808	496	515	multidrug-resistant	T032	C0242640
27934808	516	521	NFGNB	T007	C0445801
27934808	530	540	infections	T046	C3714514
27934808	544	547	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27934808	585	618	extended-spectrum beta-lactamases	T116,T126	C0486433
27934808	620	625	ESBLs	T116,T126	C0486433
27934808	628	632	AmpC	T116,T126	C0164503
27934808	637	660	metallo-beta-lactamases	T116,T126	C0597979
27934808	662	666	MBLs	T116,T126	C0597979
27934808	680	688	isolates	T007	C0004611
27934808	690	707	Bacterial culture	T059	C0430402
27934808	728	753	antibiotic susceptibility	T033	C0427965
27934808	772	776	ESBL	T116,T126	C0486433
27934808	783	787	AmpC	T116,T126	C0164503
27934808	793	801	detected	T033	C0442726
27934808	807	821	phenotypically	T059	C1285572
27934808	826	839	genotypically	T059	C1285573
27934808	841	844	MBL	T116,T126	C0597979
27934808	849	857	detected	T033	C0442726
27934808	870	945	Hodge and imipenem-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid double-disc synergy test	T059	C0427971
27934808	947	952	NFGNB	T007	C0445801
27934808	987	1009	Gram negative isolates	T007	C0018150
27934808	1011	1031	Multidrug resistance	T032	C0242640
27934808	1080	1088	isolates	T007	C0004611
27934808	1092	1105	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
27934808	1110	1122	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
27934808	1138	1147	Detection	T033	C0442726
27934808	1151	1169	phenotypic methods	T059	C1285572
27934808	1189	1193	ESBL	T116,T126	C0486433
27934808	1195	1199	AmpC	T116,T126	C0164503
27934808	1204	1207	MBL	T116,T126	C0597979
27934808	1240	1248	isolates	T007	C0004611
27934808	1269	1277	detected	T033	C0442726
27934808	1278	1291	genotypically	T059	C1285573
27934808	1295	1320	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27934808	1322	1326	ESBL	T116,T126	C0486433
27934808	1331	1335	AmpC	T116,T126	C0164503
27934808	1341	1349	detected	T033	C0442726
27934808	1379	1384	NFGNB	T007	C0445801
27934808	1385	1393	isolates	T007	C0004611
27934808	1409	1417	BlaCTX-M	T028	C0017337
27934808	1449	1453	gene	T028	C0017337
27934808	1470	1474	ESBL	T116,T126	C0486433
27934808	1475	1485	production	T038	C0220781
27934808	1499	1504	NFGNB	T007	C0445801
27934808	1519	1522	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27934808	1523	1531	patients	T101	C0030705
27934808	1537	1556	multidrug-resistant	T032	C0242640
27934808	1561	1570	producers	T007	C0004611
27934808	1574	1578	ESBL	T116,T126	C0486433
27934808	1580	1584	AmpC	T116,T126	C0164503
27934808	1589	1592	MBL	T116,T126	C0597979
27934808	1596	1603	regular	T080	C0205272
27934808	1604	1616	surveillance	T061	C0419786
27934808	1639	1643	ESBL	T116,T126	C0486433
27934808	1645	1649	AmpC	T116,T126	C0164503
27934808	1654	1657	MBL	T116,T126	C0597979
27934808	1658	1667	producers	T007	C0004611
27934808	1683	1686	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27934808	1687	1695	patients	T101	C0030705

27934977|t|Real-time observation of protein aggregates in pharmaceutical formulations using liquid cell electron microscopy
27934977|a|Understanding the properties of protein-based therapeutics is a common goal of biologists and physicians. Technical barriers in the direct observation of small proteins or therapeutic agents can limit our knowledge of how they function in solution and in the body. Electron microscopy (EM) imaging performed in a liquid environment permits us to peer into the active world of cells and molecules at the nanoscale. Here, we employ liquid cell EM to directly visualize a protein-based therapeutic in its native conformation and aggregate state in a time-resolved manner. In combination with quantitative analyses, information from this work contributes new molecular insights toward understanding the behaviours of immunotherapies in a solution state that mimics the human body.
27934977	0	9	Real-time	T079	C1550177
27934977	10	21	observation	T062	C0302523
27934977	25	43	protein aggregates	T116	C3850144
27934977	47	74	pharmaceutical formulations	T077	C1705957
27934977	81	112	liquid cell electron microscopy	T059	C0026019
27934977	131	141	properties	T080	C0871161
27934977	145	171	protein-based therapeutics	T121	C0872285
27934977	192	202	biologists	T097	C0334861
27934977	207	217	physicians	T097	C0031831
27934977	219	237	Technical barriers	T080	C0205556
27934977	245	251	direct	T080	C1947931
27934977	252	263	observation	T062	C0302523
27934977	267	281	small proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27934977	285	303	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
27934977	340	348	function	T169	C0542341
27934977	352	360	solution	T167	C0037633
27934977	372	376	body	T016	C0242821
27934977	378	397	Electron microscopy	T059	C0026019
27934977	399	401	EM	T059	C0026019
27934977	403	410	imaging	T060	C0011923
27934977	426	432	liquid	T167	C0302908
27934977	433	444	environment	T082	C0014406
27934977	489	494	cells	T025	C0007634
27934977	499	508	molecules	T167	C0567416
27934977	516	525	nanoscale	T080	C0205556
27934977	543	557	liquid cell EM	T059	C0026019
27934977	582	607	protein-based therapeutic	T121	C0872285
27934977	615	634	native conformation	T082	C0033625
27934977	639	648	aggregate	T080	C0205418
27934977	649	654	state	T169	C1442792
27934977	660	680	time-resolved manner	T080	C0205556
27934977	702	723	quantitative analyses	T059	C0200767
27934977	725	736	information	T078	C1533716
27934977	768	777	molecular	T080	C1521991
27934977	778	786	insights	T041	C0233820
27934977	826	841	immunotherapies	T061	C0021083
27934977	847	855	solution	T167	C0037633
27934977	856	861	state	T169	C1442792
27934977	878	888	human body	T016	C0242821

27935078|t|Ischemic myopathy revealing systemic calciphylaxis
27935078|a|Patients with renal failure who are being treated with dialysis frequently develop neuromuscular manifestations. Renal failure -associated calciphylaxis, also termed calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA), is a life-threatening condition usually observed in patients with end-stage renal disease on chronic dialysis or after renal transplantation. We describe a hemodialyzed patient who presented with rapidly progressive unexplained systemic vasculopathy, muscle atrophy, and proximal weakness, that unexpectedly proved to be caused by calciphylaxis. Quadriceps muscle biopsy disclosed diffuse vascular calcific deposits on medium- and small-sized vessels, characteristic of CUA. Other changes included ischemic myopathy, focal intracellular calcium accumulation within myofibers, and calcium deposits in endomysial capillaries associated with marked complement activation and C5b9 formation. There are only a few descriptions of muscle involvement in the context of CUA, a condition with a prognosis that depends on early diagnosis and treatment. This report underscores the usefulness of muscle biopsy in the diagnosis of systemic calciphylaxis. Muscle Nerve, 2017.
27935078	0	17	Ischemic myopathy	T047	C0349782
27935078	28	36	systemic	T169	C0205373
27935078	37	50	calciphylaxis	T047	C0006666
27935078	51	59	Patients	T101	C0030705
27935078	65	78	renal failure	T047	C0035078
27935078	93	105	treated with	T061	C0332293
27935078	106	114	dialysis	T061	C0011946
27935078	134	162	neuromuscular manifestations	T184	C0752252
27935078	164	177	Renal failure	T047	C0035078
27935078	190	203	calciphylaxis	T047	C0006666
27935078	217	247	calcific uremic arteriolopathy	T047	C0006666
27935078	249	252	CUA	T047	C0006666
27935078	260	286	life-threatening condition	T033	C2826244
27935078	307	315	patients	T101	C0030705
27935078	321	344	end-stage renal disease	T047	C0022661
27935078	348	364	chronic dialysis	T061	C0743165
27935078	374	395	renal transplantation	T061	C0022671
27935078	411	431	hemodialyzed patient	T101	C0030705
27935078	459	470	progressive	T169	C0205329
27935078	483	491	systemic	T169	C0205373
27935078	492	504	vasculopathy	T047	C0042373
27935078	506	520	muscle atrophy	T046	C0026846
27935078	526	543	proximal weakness	T184	C0750403
27935078	586	599	calciphylaxis	T047	C0006666
27935078	601	618	Quadriceps muscle	T023	C0224440
27935078	619	625	biopsy	T060	C0185283
27935078	636	643	diffuse	T082	C0205219
27935078	644	652	vascular	T023	C0005847
27935078	653	670	calcific deposits	T080	C0175895
27935078	698	705	vessels	T023	C0005847
27935078	725	728	CUA	T047	C0006666
27935078	753	770	ischemic myopathy	T047	C0349782
27935078	772	791	focal intracellular	T082	C0178719
27935078	792	812	calcium accumulation	T080	C0175895
27935078	820	829	myofibers	T025	C0596981
27935078	835	851	calcium deposits	T080	C0175895
27935078	855	877	endomysial capillaries	T023	C4242443
27935078	878	893	associated with	T080	C0332281
27935078	901	922	complement activation	T044	C0009528
27935078	927	931	C5b9	T116,T129	C0009545
27935078	932	941	formation	T169	C1522492
27935078	980	986	muscle	T024	C0026845
27935078	1017	1020	CUA	T047	C0006666
27935078	1041	1050	prognosis	T201	C3854082
27935078	1073	1082	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27935078	1087	1096	treatment	T169	C1522326
27935078	1140	1153	muscle biopsy	T060	C0185283
27935078	1161	1170	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
27935078	1174	1182	systemic	T169	C0205373
27935078	1183	1196	calciphylaxis	T047	C0006666

27935120|t|Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among women in Shaanxi province of China: A hospital -based investigation
27935120|a|This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of female high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in Shaanxi province of China. A total of 14 111 women were enrolled for HPV genotyping test, and a cytology, and/or cervix biopsy were performed in partial women. Of these women, the HPV infection rate was 30.21%, and 26.73% were caused by HR-HPV. The most common HR-HPV genotypes were HPV-16, HPV-58, HPV-52, HPV-18, and HPV-31. The prevalence of HR-HPV among women older than 50 years was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). The main carcinogenic genotypes were HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-58, HPV-52, and HPV-31. HPV-16 and HPV-18 combined caused 80.79% of cervical cancer cases. The infection with multiple HR-HPVs was not a risk factor for cervical lesions. In conclusion, HPV infection was common among women in Shaanxi province. Women older than 50 years were a high-risk group for HR-HPV infection and cervical cancer. HPV-16 and HPV-18 were the main carcinogenic genotypes in this region.
27935120	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0683921
27935120	14	23	high-risk	T033	C0332167
27935120	24	54	human papillomavirus infection	T047	C0343641
27935120	61	66	women	T032	C0086287
27935120	70	77	Shaanxi	T083	C0008115
27935120	78	86	province	T083	C1514578
27935120	90	95	China	T083	C0008115
27935120	99	107	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27935120	115	128	investigation	T058	C0220825
27935120	149	160	investigate	T169	C1292732
27935120	165	180	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27935120	184	190	female	T032	C0086287
27935120	191	240	high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection	T047	C0343641
27935120	244	251	Shaanxi	T083	C0008115
27935120	252	260	province	T083	C1514578
27935120	264	269	China	T083	C0008115
27935120	289	294	women	T032	C0086287
27935120	313	316	HPV	T005	C0021344
27935120	317	332	genotyping test	T059	C2368152
27935120	340	348	cytology	T059	C0010818
27935120	357	370	cervix biopsy	T060	C0195314
27935120	397	402	women	T032	C0086287
27935120	413	418	women	T032	C0086287
27935120	424	437	HPV infection	T047	C0343641
27935120	438	442	rate	T081	C1521828
27935120	481	487	HR-HPV	T005	C0021344
27935120	505	511	HR-HPV	T005	C0021344
27935120	512	521	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27935120	527	533	HPV-16	T005	C0999806
27935120	535	541	HPV-58	T005	C3641018
27935120	543	549	HPV-52	T005	C3641016
27935120	551	557	HPV-18	T005	C0999807
27935120	563	569	HPV-31	T005	C2936597
27935120	575	585	prevalence	T081	C0683921
27935120	589	595	HR-HPV	T005	C0021344
27935120	602	607	women	T032	C0086287
27935120	696	708	carcinogenic	T131	C0007090
27935120	709	718	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27935120	724	730	HPV-16	T005	C0999806
27935120	732	738	HPV-18	T005	C0999807
27935120	740	746	HPV-58	T005	C3641018
27935120	748	754	HPV-52	T005	C3641016
27935120	760	766	HPV-31	T005	C2936597
27935120	768	774	HPV-16	T005	C0999806
27935120	779	785	HPV-18	T005	C0999807
27935120	812	827	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
27935120	839	848	infection	T046	C3714514
27935120	863	870	HR-HPVs	T005	C0021344
27935120	875	878	not	T033	C0205160
27935120	881	892	risk factor	T033	C0035648
27935120	897	913	cervical lesions	T046	C0235656
27935120	930	943	HPV infection	T047	C0343641
27935120	961	966	women	T032	C0086287
27935120	970	977	Shaanxi	T083	C0008115
27935120	978	986	province	T083	C1514578
27935120	988	993	Women	T032	C0086287
27935120	1021	1036	high-risk group	T098	C0684030
27935120	1041	1057	HR-HPV infection	T047	C0343641
27935120	1062	1077	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
27935120	1079	1085	HPV-16	T005	C0999806
27935120	1090	1096	HPV-18	T005	C0999807
27935120	1111	1123	carcinogenic	T131	C0007090
27935120	1124	1133	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27935120	1142	1148	region	T083	C0017446

27935268|t|Characterization of Contributing Factors to Variability in Morphine Clearance Through PBPK Modeling Implemented With OCT1 Transporter
27935268|a|Morphine shows large interindividual variability in its pharmacokinetics; however, the cause of this has not been fully addressed. The variability in morphine disposition is considered to be due to a combination of pharmacogenetic and physiological determinants related to morphine disposition. We previously reported the effect of organic cation transporter (OCT1) genotype on morphine disposition in pediatric patients. To further explore the underlying mechanisms for variability arising from relevant determinants, including OCT1, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of morphine was developed. The PBPK model predicted morphine concentration-time profiles well, in both adults and children. Almost all of the observed morphine clearances in pediatric patients fell within a twofold range of median predicted values for each OCT1 genotype in each age group. This PBPK modeling approach quantitatively demonstrates that OCT1 genotype, age-related growth, and changes in blood flow as important contributors to morphine pharmacokinetic (PK) variability.
27935268	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
27935268	20	32	Contributing	T052	C1880177
27935268	33	40	Factors	T169	C1521761
27935268	44	55	Variability	T077	C2827666
27935268	59	67	Morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27935268	68	77	Clearance	T201	C1382187
27935268	86	99	PBPK Modeling	T062	C0201734
27935268	117	133	OCT1 Transporter	T116,T123	C0291786
27935268	134	142	Morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27935268	171	182	variability	T077	C2827666
27935268	190	206	pharmacokinetics	T169	C0031328
27935268	269	280	variability	T077	C2827666
27935268	284	292	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27935268	293	304	disposition	T039	C0678755
27935268	349	364	pharmacogenetic	T169	C0031328
27935268	369	382	physiological	T169	C0205463
27935268	383	395	determinants	T169	C1521761
27935268	407	415	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27935268	416	427	disposition	T039	C0678755
27935268	466	492	organic cation transporter	T116,T123	C0291786
27935268	494	498	OCT1	T116,T123	C0291786
27935268	500	508	genotype	T032	C0017431
27935268	512	520	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27935268	521	532	disposition	T039	C0678755
27935268	536	545	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27935268	546	554	patients	T101	C0030705
27935268	590	600	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27935268	605	616	variability	T077	C2827666
27935268	639	651	determinants	T169	C1521761
27935268	663	667	OCT1	T116,T123	C0291786
27935268	671	686	physiologically	T169	C0205463
27935268	693	721	pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model	T062	C0201734
27935268	725	733	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27935268	753	763	PBPK model	T062	C0201734
27935268	774	782	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27935268	802	810	profiles	T081	C0237801
27935268	825	831	adults	T100	C0001675
27935268	836	844	children	T100	C0008059
27935268	873	881	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27935268	882	892	clearances	T201	C1382187
27935268	896	905	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27935268	906	914	patients	T101	C0030705
27935268	979	983	OCT1	T116,T123	C0291786
27935268	984	992	genotype	T032	C0017431
27935268	1001	1010	age group	T100	C0027362
27935268	1017	1030	PBPK modeling	T062	C0201734
27935268	1073	1077	OCT1	T116,T123	C0291786
27935268	1078	1086	genotype	T032	C0017431
27935268	1088	1106	age-related growth	T040	C0018270
27935268	1123	1133	blood flow	T039	C0232338
27935268	1147	1159	contributors	T098	C1257890
27935268	1163	1171	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27935268	1172	1187	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
27935268	1189	1191	PK	T169	C0031328
27935268	1193	1204	variability	T077	C2827666

27935495|t|Students help raise awareness of AMR
27935495|a|Holly Hills, a veterinary student at the University of Nottingham, reports on events held by students at the university to mark European Antibiotic Awareness Day last month.
27935495	0	8	Students	T098	C0038492
27935495	9	13	help	T080	C1269765
27935495	14	29	raise awareness	T058	C1532027
27935495	33	36	AMR	T201	C1456627
27935495	52	62	veterinary	T097	C0242856
27935495	63	70	student	T098	C0038492
27935495	78	88	University	T073,T092	C0041740
27935495	92	102	Nottingham	T083	C0454870
27935495	104	111	reports	T170	C0684224
27935495	115	121	events	T051	C0441471
27935495	130	138	students	T098	C0038492
27935495	146	156	university	T073,T092	C0041740
27935495	165	173	European	T083	C0015176
27935495	174	184	Antibiotic	T195	C0003232
27935495	185	194	Awareness	T041	C0004448
27935495	195	198	Day	T079	C0439228
27935495	204	209	month	T079	C0439231

27935944|t|Novel and Lost Forests in the Upper Midwestern United States, from New Estimates of Settlement-Era Composition, Stem Density, and Biomass
27935944|a|EuroAmerican land-use and its legacies have transformed forest structure and composition across the United States (US). More accurate reconstructions of historical states are critical to understanding the processes governing past, current, and future forest dynamics. Here we present new gridded (8x8km) reconstructions of pre-settlement (1800s) forest composition and structure from the upper Midwestern US (Minnesota, Wisconsin, and most of Michigan), using 19th Century Public Land Survey System (PLSS), with estimates of relative composition, above-ground biomass, stem density, and basal area for 28 tree types. This mapping is more robust than past efforts, using spatially varying correction factors to accommodate sampling design, azimuthal censoring, and biases in tree selection. We compare pre-settlement to modern forests using US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data to show the prevalence of lost forests (pre-settlement forests with no current analog), and novel forests (modern forests with no past analogs). Differences between pre-settlement and modern forests are spatially structured owing to differences in land-use impacts and accompanying ecological responses. Modern forests are more homogeneous, and ecotonal gradients are more diffuse today than in the past. Novel forest assemblages represent 28% of all FIA cells, and 28% of pre-settlement forests no longer exist in a modern context. Lost forests include tamarack forests in northeastern Minnesota, hemlock and cedar dominated forests in north-central Wisconsin and along the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, and elm, oak, basswood and ironwood forests along the forest - prairie boundary in south central Minnesota and eastern Wisconsin. Novel FIA forest assemblages are distributed evenly across the region, but novelty shows a strong relationship to spatial distance from remnant forests in the upper Midwest, with novelty predicted at between 20 to 60km from remnants, depending on historical forest type. The spatial relationships between remnant and novel forests, shifts in ecotone structure and the loss of historic forest types point to significant challenges for land managers if landscape restoration is a priority. The spatial signals of novelty and ecological change also point to potential challenges in using modern spatial distributions of species and communities and their relationship to underlying geophysical and climatic attributes in understanding potential responses to changing climate. The signal of human settlement on modern forests is broad, spatially varying and acts to homogenize modern forests relative to their historic counterparts, with significant implications for future management.
27935944	0	5	Novel	T080	C0205314
27935944	10	14	Lost	T169	C0745777
27935944	15	22	Forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	30	60	Upper Midwestern United States	T083	C0026081
27935944	67	70	New	T080	C0205314
27935944	71	80	Estimates	T081	C0750572
27935944	84	98	Settlement-Era	T079	C1254367
27935944	112	116	Stem	T002	C0242767
27935944	117	124	Density	T081	C0178587
27935944	130	137	Biomass	T081	C0005535
27935944	138	150	EuroAmerican	T098	C0683983
27935944	151	159	land-use	UnknownType	C0814835
27935944	168	176	legacies	T081	C0242538
27935944	182	193	transformed	T081	C0443172
27935944	194	210	forest structure	T070	C0086312
27935944	238	251	United States	T083	C0041703
27935944	253	255	US	T083	C0041703
27935944	258	262	More	T081	C0205172
27935944	263	271	accurate	T080	C0443131
27935944	272	287	reconstructions	T052	C1706853
27935944	291	308	historical states	T083	C0175169
27935944	313	321	critical	T080	C1511545
27935944	343	352	processes	T067	C1522240
27935944	353	362	governing	T080	C0243148
27935944	363	367	past	T079	C1444637
27935944	369	376	current	T079	C0521116
27935944	382	388	future	T079	C0016884
27935944	389	395	forest	T070	C0086312
27935944	396	404	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27935944	442	457	reconstructions	T052	C1706853
27935944	461	475	pre-settlement	T079	C1254367
27935944	484	490	forest	T070	C0086312
27935944	526	545	upper Midwestern US	T083	C0026081
27935944	547	556	Minnesota	T083	C0026183
27935944	558	567	Wisconsin	T083	C0043193
27935944	581	589	Michigan	T083	C1548669
27935944	603	636	Century Public Land Survey System	T170	C0038951
27935944	638	642	PLSS	T170	C0038951
27935944	650	659	estimates	T081	C0750572
27935944	663	671	relative	T080	C0205345
27935944	685	697	above-ground	T082	C1282910
27935944	698	705	biomass	T081	C0005535
27935944	707	711	stem	T002	C0242767
27935944	712	719	density	T081	C0178587
27935944	725	735	basal area	T082	C0205112
27935944	743	747	tree	T002	C0040811
27935944	748	753	types	T080	C0332307
27935944	760	767	mapping	T052	C1283195
27935944	776	782	robust	T080	C2986815
27935944	788	792	past	T079	C1444637
27935944	793	800	efforts	T051	C1516084
27935944	826	844	correction factors	T081	C3166265
27935944	860	875	sampling design	T170	C0815259
27935944	877	896	azimuthal censoring	T080	C0205556
27935944	902	908	biases	T078	C0242568
27935944	912	916	tree	T002	C0040811
27935944	917	926	selection	T052	C1707391
27935944	939	953	pre-settlement	T079	C1254367
27935944	957	963	modern	T079	C1254367
27935944	964	971	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	978	980	US	T083	C0041703
27935944	981	987	Forest	T070	C0086312
27935944	988	995	Service	T057	C0557854
27935944	996	1036	Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data	T170	C0242356
27935944	1049	1059	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27935944	1063	1067	lost	T169	C0745777
27935944	1068	1075	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1077	1091	pre-settlement	T079	C1254367
27935944	1092	1099	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1105	1107	no	T169	C1518422
27935944	1108	1115	current	T079	C0521116
27935944	1116	1122	analog	T080	C0205556
27935944	1129	1134	novel	T080	C0205314
27935944	1135	1142	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1144	1150	modern	T079	C1254367
27935944	1151	1158	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1164	1166	no	T169	C1518422
27935944	1167	1171	past	T079	C1444637
27935944	1172	1179	analogs	T080	C0205556
27935944	1202	1216	pre-settlement	T079	C1254367
27935944	1221	1227	modern	T079	C1254367
27935944	1228	1235	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1285	1293	land-use	UnknownType	C0814835
27935944	1294	1301	impacts	T080	C4049986
27935944	1319	1339	ecological responses	T055	C0237534
27935944	1341	1347	Modern	T079	C1254367
27935944	1348	1355	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1365	1376	homogeneous	T080	C1881065
27935944	1382	1390	ecotonal	T081	C0812409
27935944	1391	1400	gradients	T081	C0812409
27935944	1410	1417	diffuse	T082	C0205219
27935944	1429	1440	in the past	T079	C1444637
27935944	1442	1447	Novel	T080	C0205314
27935944	1448	1454	forest	T070	C0086312
27935944	1455	1466	assemblages	T169	C1516698
27935944	1488	1491	FIA	T170	C0242356
27935944	1510	1524	pre-settlement	T079	C1254367
27935944	1525	1532	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1533	1542	no longer	T033	C0243095
27935944	1543	1548	exist	T077	C2987476
27935944	1554	1560	modern	T079	C1254367
27935944	1561	1568	context	T078	C0449255
27935944	1570	1574	Lost	T169	C0745777
27935944	1575	1582	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1591	1599	tamarack	T002	C0884985
27935944	1600	1607	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1611	1623	northeastern	T082	C1709272
27935944	1624	1633	Minnesota	T083	C0026183
27935944	1635	1642	hemlock	T002	C0242872
27935944	1647	1652	cedar	T002	C0949849
27935944	1663	1670	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1674	1697	north-central Wisconsin	T083	C0043193
27935944	1712	1739	Upper Peninsula of Michigan	T083	C0025939
27935944	1745	1748	elm	T002	C0330531
27935944	1750	1753	oak	T002	C0330302
27935944	1755	1763	basswood	T002	C1024812
27935944	1768	1776	ironwood	T002	C0330803
27935944	1777	1784	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	1795	1801	forest	T070	C0086312
27935944	1804	1820	prairie boundary	T082	C0442534
27935944	1824	1847	south central Minnesota	T083	C0026183
27935944	1852	1859	eastern	T082	C1707877
27935944	1860	1869	Wisconsin	T083	C0043193
27935944	1871	1876	Novel	T080	C0205314
27935944	1877	1880	FIA	T170	C0242356
27935944	1881	1887	forest	T070	C0086312
27935944	1888	1899	assemblages	T169	C1516698
27935944	1934	1940	region	T083	C0017446
27935944	1946	1953	novelty	T080	C2700116
27935944	1962	1968	strong	T080	C0442821
27935944	1969	1981	relationship	T080	C0439849
27935944	1985	2001	spatial distance	T081	C0012751
27935944	2007	2014	remnant	T080	C1527428
27935944	2015	2022	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	2030	2043	upper Midwest	T083	C0026081
27935944	2050	2057	novelty	T080	C2700116
27935944	2058	2067	predicted	T078	C0681842
27935944	2095	2103	remnants	T080	C1527428
27935944	2118	2128	historical	T079	C0019659
27935944	2129	2140	forest type	T070	C0086312
27935944	2146	2153	spatial	T082	C1883067
27935944	2154	2167	relationships	T080	C0439849
27935944	2176	2183	remnant	T080	C1527428
27935944	2188	2193	novel	T080	C0205314
27935944	2194	2201	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	2203	2209	shifts	T169	C0333051
27935944	2213	2230	ecotone structure	T082	C1254362
27935944	2239	2243	loss	T081	C1517945
27935944	2247	2255	historic	T079	C0019659
27935944	2256	2268	forest types	T070	C0086312
27935944	2278	2289	significant	T078	C0750502
27935944	2305	2309	land	T073	C0557668
27935944	2310	2318	managers	T097	C0335141
27935944	2322	2331	landscape	T082	C0870781
27935944	2349	2357	priority	T079	C0549179
27935944	2382	2389	novelty	T080	C2700116
27935944	2394	2404	ecological	T070	C0162358
27935944	2405	2411	change	T169	C0392747
27935944	2426	2435	potential	T080	C3245505
27935944	2456	2462	modern	T079	C1254367
27935944	2463	2484	spatial distributions	T082	C0037775
27935944	2488	2495	species	T002	C0032098
27935944	2500	2511	communities	T070	C1253910
27935944	2522	2534	relationship	T080	C0439849
27935944	2549	2560	geophysical	T070	C2717748
27935944	2565	2584	climatic attributes	T070	C2350607
27935944	2602	2611	potential	T080	C3245505
27935944	2625	2633	changing	T169	C0392747
27935944	2634	2641	climate	T070	C0008946
27935944	2647	2653	signal	T067	C1710082
27935944	2657	2662	human	T016	C0086418
27935944	2663	2673	settlement	T052	C0036852
27935944	2677	2683	modern	T079	C1254367
27935944	2684	2691	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	2695	2700	broad	T082	C0332464
27935944	2732	2742	homogenize	T080	C0205375
27935944	2743	2749	modern	T079	C1254367
27935944	2750	2757	forests	T070	C0086312
27935944	2758	2766	relative	T080	C0205345
27935944	2776	2784	historic	T079	C0019659
27935944	2804	2815	significant	T078	C0750502
27935944	2833	2839	future	T079	C0016884
27935944	2840	2850	management	T057	C1273870

27935981|t|Sympathetic Hyperactivity, Increased Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Exaggerated Corpus Cavernosum Relaxations Associated with Oxidative Stress Plays a Major Role in the Penis Dysfunction in Townes Sickle Cell Mouse
27935981|a|Sickle cell disease patients display priapism that may progress to erectile dysfunction. However, little is known about the pathophysiological alterations of corpus cavernosum in sickle cell disease. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the functional and molecular alterations of sympathetic machinery and nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway in Townes transgenic sickle cell disease mice. Concentration-response curves to contractile (phenylephrine) and relaxant agents (acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside) were obtained in corpus cavernosum strips from sickle and C57BL/6 (control) mice. Neurogenic contractions and nitrergic relaxations were obtained using electrical-field stimulation. Measurements of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) and α1A-, α1B- and α1D-adrenoceptor mRNA expressions and reactive-oxygen species were performed. Tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylated at Ser-31 and total tyrosine hydroxylase protein expressions in cavernosal tissues were also measured. The neurogenic contractions were higher in the sickle cell disease group, in association with elevated tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylated at Ser-31 and total tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression, as well as increased tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA expression. Likewise, phenylephrine - induced contractions were greater in the sickle mice, whereas α1A-, α1B- and α1D-adrenoceptor mRNA expression remained unchanged. Cavernosal relaxations to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside and EFS were higher in sickle mice, accompanied by decreased eNOS and nNOS, along with lower PDE5 mRNA expression. An increase of about 40% in reactive-oxygen species generation in corpus cavernosum from sickle mice was also detected. Our study shows that decreased nitric oxide bioavailability in erectile tissue due to increased oxidative stress leads to both sympathetic hyperactivity and dysregulation of nitric oxide signaling in corpus cavernosum from Townes sickle mice.
27935981	0	25	Sympathetic Hyperactivity	T047	C4285793
27935981	27	36	Increased	T081	C0205217
27935981	37	57	Tyrosine Hydroxylase	T116,T126	C0041491
27935981	62	73	Exaggerated	T080	C0442801
27935981	74	91	Corpus Cavernosum	T023	C0227937
27935981	92	103	Relaxations	T052	C0035028
27935981	104	119	Associated with	T080	C0332281
27935981	120	136	Oxidative Stress	T049	C0242606
27935981	163	180	Penis Dysfunction	T047	C0242350
27935981	184	202	Townes Sickle Cell	T047	C0002895
27935981	203	208	Mouse	T015	C0025936
27935981	209	228	Sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895
27935981	229	237	patients	T101	C0030705
27935981	246	254	priapism	T047	C0033117
27935981	264	272	progress	T169	C1280477
27935981	276	296	erectile dysfunction	T047	C0242350
27935981	333	351	pathophysiological	T039	C0031845
27935981	352	363	alterations	T078	C1515926
27935981	367	384	corpus cavernosum	T023	C0227937
27935981	388	407	sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895
27935981	448	458	functional	T169	C0205245
27935981	473	484	alterations	T078	C1515926
27935981	488	509	sympathetic machinery	T022	C0039044
27935981	514	575	nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway	T044	C3271755
27935981	579	596	Townes transgenic	T015	C0025936
27935981	597	616	sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895
27935981	617	621	mice	T015	C0025929
27935981	623	652	Concentration-response curves	T081	C0683162
27935981	656	667	contractile	T121	C1254351
27935981	669	682	phenylephrine	T109,T121	C0031469
27935981	688	703	relaxant agents	T121	C0358430
27935981	705	718	acetylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
27935981	723	743	sodium nitroprusside	T109,T121	C0037533
27935981	750	758	obtained	T169	C1301820
27935981	762	779	corpus cavernosum	T023	C0227937
27935981	780	786	strips	T074	C1321564
27935981	792	798	sickle	T047	C0002895
27935981	803	810	C57BL/6	T015	C1521751
27935981	811	825	(control) mice	T096	C0009932
27935981	827	837	Neurogenic	T022	C0027763
27935981	838	850	contractions	T046	C1140999
27935981	855	864	nitrergic	T025	C0949753
27935981	865	876	relaxations	T052	C0035028
27935981	882	890	obtained	T169	C1301820
27935981	897	925	electrical-field stimulation	T061	C0013786
27935981	927	939	Measurements	T169	C0242485
27935981	943	976	endothelial nitric oxide synthase	T116,T126	C1565681
27935981	978	982	eNOS	T116,T126	C1565681
27935981	985	1015	neuronal nitric oxide synthase	T116,T126	C1565685
27935981	1017	1021	nNOS	T116,T126	C1565685
27935981	1024	1043	phosphodiesterase-5	T116,T126	C1454124
27935981	1045	1049	PDE5	T116,T126	C1454124
27935981	1055	1059	α1A-	T116,T192	C0389726
27935981	1061	1065	α1B-	T116,T192	C0291339
27935981	1070	1086	α1D-adrenoceptor	T116,T192	C0388151
27935981	1087	1103	mRNA expressions	T045	C1515670
27935981	1108	1131	reactive-oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27935981	1137	1146	performed	T169	C0884358
27935981	1148	1168	Tyrosine hydroxylase	T116,T126	C0041491
27935981	1169	1183	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
27935981	1187	1193	Ser-31	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27935981	1204	1224	tyrosine hydroxylase	T116,T126	C0041491
27935981	1225	1244	protein expressions	T045	C1171362
27935981	1248	1266	cavernosal tissues	T024	C1709494
27935981	1277	1285	measured	T080	C0444706
27935981	1291	1301	neurogenic	T022	C0027763
27935981	1302	1314	contractions	T046	C1140999
27935981	1320	1326	higher	T080	C0205250
27935981	1334	1353	sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895
27935981	1354	1359	group	UnknownType	C0681860
27935981	1364	1375	association	T080	C0439849
27935981	1381	1389	elevated	T080	C3163633
27935981	1390	1410	tyrosine hydroxylase	T116,T126	C0041491
27935981	1411	1425	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
27935981	1429	1435	Ser-31	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
27935981	1446	1466	tyrosine hydroxylase	T116,T126	C0041491
27935981	1467	1485	protein expression	T045	C1171362
27935981	1498	1507	increased	T081	C0205217
27935981	1508	1528	tyrosine hydroxylase	T116,T126	C0041491
27935981	1529	1544	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27935981	1556	1569	phenylephrine	T109,T121	C0031469
27935981	1572	1579	induced	T169	C0205263
27935981	1580	1592	contractions	T046	C1140999
27935981	1613	1619	sickle	T047	C0002895
27935981	1620	1624	mice	T015	C0025929
27935981	1634	1638	α1A-	T116,T192	C0389726
27935981	1640	1644	α1B-	T116,T192	C0291339
27935981	1649	1665	α1D-adrenoceptor	T116,T192	C0388151
27935981	1666	1681	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27935981	1691	1700	unchanged	T033	C0442739
27935981	1702	1712	Cavernosal	T023	C0227937
27935981	1713	1724	relaxations	T052	C0035028
27935981	1728	1741	acetylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
27935981	1743	1763	sodium nitroprusside	T109,T121	C0037533
27935981	1768	1771	EFS	T061	C0013786
27935981	1777	1783	higher	T080	C0205250
27935981	1787	1793	sickle	T047	C0002895
27935981	1794	1798	mice	T015	C0025929
27935981	1815	1824	decreased	T081	C0205216
27935981	1825	1829	eNOS	T116,T126	C1565681
27935981	1834	1838	nNOS	T116,T126	C1565685
27935981	1851	1856	lower	T052	C2003888
27935981	1857	1861	PDE5	T116,T126	C1454124
27935981	1862	1877	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
27935981	1882	1890	increase	T169	C0442805
27935981	1907	1930	reactive-oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
27935981	1931	1941	generation	T052	C3146294
27935981	1945	1962	corpus cavernosum	T023	C0227937
27935981	1968	1974	sickle	T047	C0002895
27935981	1975	1979	mice	T015	C0025929
27935981	1989	1997	detected	T033	C0442726
27935981	2020	2029	decreased	T081	C0205216
27935981	2030	2042	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27935981	2043	2058	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
27935981	2062	2077	erectile tissue	T024	C1709494
27935981	2085	2094	increased	T081	C0205217
27935981	2095	2111	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
27935981	2126	2151	sympathetic hyperactivity	T047	C4285793
27935981	2156	2169	dysregulation	T033	C0243095
27935981	2173	2195	nitric oxide signaling	T044	C1518333
27935981	2199	2216	corpus cavernosum	T023	C0227937
27935981	2229	2235	sickle	T047	C0002895
27935981	2236	2240	mice	T015	C0025929

27936092|t|The Association between Sexually Transmitted Infections, Length of Service and Other Demographic Factors in the U.S. Military
27936092|a|Numerous studies have found higher rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among military personnel than the general population, but the cumulative risk of acquiring STIs throughout an individual's military career has not been described. Using ICD-9 diagnosis codes, we analyzed the medical records of 100,005 individuals from all service branches, divided in equal cohorts (n = 6,667) between 1997 and 2011. As women receive frequent STI screening compared to men, these groups were analyzed separately. Incidence rates were calculated for pathogen -specific STIs along with syndromic diagnoses. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the individuals within each accession year cohort; repeat infections were censored. The total sample included 29,010 females and 70,995 males. The STI incidence rates (per 100 person-years) for women and men, respectively, were as follows: chlamydia (3.5 and 0.7), gonorrhea (1.1 and 0.4), HIV (0.04 and 0.07) and syphilis (0.14 and 0.15). During the study period, 22% of women and 3.3% of men received a pathogen-specific STI diagnosis; inclusion of syndromic diagnoses increased STI prevalence to 41% and 5.5%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, factors associated with etiologic and syndromic STIs among women included African American race, younger age and fewer years of education. In the overall sample, increasing number of years of service was associated with an increased likelihood of an STI diagnosis (p<0.001 for trend). In this survey of military personnel, we found very high rates of STI acquisition throughout military service, especially among women, demonstrating that STI-related risk is significant and ongoing throughout military service. Lower STI incidence rates among men may represent under- diagnosis and demonstrate a need for enhancing Male-Direct sreening and diagnostic interventions.
27936092	4	15	Association	T080	C0439849
27936092	24	55	Sexually Transmitted Infections	T047	C0036916
27936092	57	74	Length of Service	T033	C0557348
27936092	85	104	Demographic Factors	T078	C0011292
27936092	112	115	U.S	T083	C0041703
27936092	117	125	Military	T097	C3245458
27936092	135	142	studies	T062	C2603343
27936092	170	201	sexually transmitted infections	T047	C0036916
27936092	203	207	STIs	T047	C0036916
27936092	215	233	military personnel	T097	C0026126
27936092	243	261	general population	T098	C0683971
27936092	271	281	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27936092	282	286	risk	T078	C0035647
27936092	290	299	acquiring	T080	C0439661
27936092	300	304	STIs	T047	C0036916
27936092	319	331	individual's	T098	C0237401
27936092	332	347	military career	T097	C3245458
27936092	361	370	described	T078	C1552738
27936092	378	399	ICD-9 diagnosis codes	T170	C1136256
27936092	404	412	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27936092	417	432	medical records	T201	C0551625
27936092	444	455	individuals	T098	C0237401
27936092	465	481	service branches	T033	C2129058
27936092	500	507	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27936092	546	551	women	T098	C0043210
27936092	569	572	STI	T047	C0036916
27936092	573	582	screening	T060	C1710031
27936092	595	598	men	T098	C0025266
27936092	618	626	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27936092	639	654	Incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27936092	675	683	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27936092	694	698	STIs	T047	C0036916
27936092	710	719	syndromic	T047	C0039082
27936092	720	729	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27936092	784	795	individuals	T098	C0237401
27936092	823	829	cohort	T098	C0599755
27936092	838	848	infections	T046	C3714514
27936092	854	862	censored	T052	C3889994
27936092	874	880	sample	T167	C0370003
27936092	897	904	females	T032	C0086287
27936092	916	921	males	T032	C0086582
27936092	927	930	STI	T047	C0036916
27936092	931	946	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27936092	974	979	women	T098	C0043210
27936092	984	987	men	T098	C0025266
27936092	1020	1029	chlamydia	T047	C0008149
27936092	1045	1054	gonorrhea	T047	C0018081
27936092	1070	1073	HIV	T047	C0019693
27936092	1094	1102	syphilis	T047	C0039128
27936092	1131	1136	study	T062	C2603343
27936092	1152	1157	women	T098	C0043210
27936092	1170	1173	men	T098	C0025266
27936092	1185	1206	pathogen-specific STI	T047	C0036916
27936092	1207	1216	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27936092	1231	1240	syndromic	T047	C0039082
27936092	1241	1250	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
27936092	1251	1260	increased	T081	C0205217
27936092	1261	1264	STI	T047	C0036916
27936092	1265	1275	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27936092	1310	1331	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
27936092	1341	1356	associated with	T080	C0332281
27936092	1357	1366	etiologic	T169	C1314792
27936092	1371	1380	syndromic	T047	C0039082
27936092	1381	1385	STIs	T047	C0036916
27936092	1392	1397	women	T098	C0043210
27936092	1407	1428	African American race	T098	C0085756
27936092	1430	1441	younger age	T033	C4061789
27936092	1461	1470	education	T065	C0013621
27936092	1487	1493	sample	T167	C0370003
27936092	1495	1532	increasing number of years of service	T033	C3714797
27936092	1537	1552	associated with	T080	C0332281
27936092	1556	1565	increased	T081	C0205217
27936092	1583	1586	STI	T047	C0036916
27936092	1587	1596	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27936092	1626	1632	survey	T062	C0009483
27936092	1636	1654	military personnel	T097	C0026126
27936092	1684	1687	STI	T047	C0036916
27936092	1688	1699	acquisition	T052	C1706701
27936092	1711	1727	military service	T033	C3714797
27936092	1746	1751	women	T098	C0043210
27936092	1772	1788	STI-related risk	T033	C1319898
27936092	1827	1843	military service	T033	C3714797
27936092	1851	1854	STI	T047	C0036916
27936092	1855	1870	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
27936092	1877	1880	men	T098	C0025266
27936092	1902	1911	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27936092	1974	1999	diagnostic interventions.	T060	C0869923

27936353|t|Evaluation of a therapeutic education program for French family caregivers of elderly people suffering from major neurocognitive disorders: Preliminary study
27936353|a|The pertinence of a therapeutic program of education has been studied with regard to carers of patients suffering from major neurocognitive disorders. The program, adapted to the needs expressed by the carers, consisted of three workshops with a view to supplying general information about the pathologies, specific information on behavioral disorders, and specific aids to identify and manage their emotional reactions. The results of this preliminary study show a moderate significant benefit to the level of anxiety in the participants, taking into account the specific expectations of the carers and bringing to light further needs.
27936353	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27936353	16	27	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27936353	28	45	education program	T065	C4068104
27936353	50	56	French	T083	C0016674
27936353	57	74	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
27936353	78	92	elderly people	T098	C0001792
27936353	93	102	suffering	T048	C0683278
27936353	114	138	neurocognitive disorders	T048	C4041080
27936353	140	151	Preliminary	T079	C0439611
27936353	152	157	study	T062	C2603343
27936353	178	189	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
27936353	190	210	program of education	T065	C4068104
27936353	220	227	studied	T062	C2603343
27936353	243	249	carers	T097	C0085537
27936353	253	261	patients	T101	C0030705
27936353	262	271	suffering	T048	C0683278
27936353	283	307	neurocognitive disorders	T048	C4041080
27936353	313	320	program	T065	C4068104
27936353	360	366	carers	T097	C0085537
27936353	387	396	workshops	T065	C0242262
27936353	430	441	information	T078	C1533716
27936353	452	463	pathologies	T091	C0030664
27936353	474	485	information	T078	C1533716
27936353	489	509	behavioral disorders	T048	C0004930
27936353	558	577	emotional reactions	T033	C0221736
27936353	583	590	results	T033	C0683954
27936353	599	610	preliminary	T079	C0439611
27936353	611	616	study	T062	C2603343
27936353	633	644	significant	T078	C0750502
27936353	645	652	benefit	T081	C0814225
27936353	669	676	anxiety	T048	C0003469
27936353	684	696	participants	T098	C0679646
27936353	751	757	carers	T097	C0085537

27936362|t|Prevalence of Self-Reported Prescription Drug Use in a National Sample of U.S. Drivers
27936362|a|Drug -involved driving has become an increasing concern. Although the focus has been on illegal drugs, there is evidence that prescribed medications can impair driving ability. The purpose of this study was to determine the self-reported prevalence of prescription drug use, including medical and nonmedical use, among a nationally representative sample of drivers and to report related driver characteristics. As part of the 2013-2014 National Roadside Survey, drivers from 60 sites were randomly recruited and asked to complete a survey on prescription drug use. Almost 20% of drivers reported using a prescription drug within the past 2 days, with the most common drug class being sedatives (8.0%), followed by antidepressants (7.7%), narcotics (7.5%), and stimulants (3.9%). Drivers who reported prescription drug use were significantly more likely to be female, older, non-Hispanic White, and report disability. Three of four drivers who reported medication use (78.2%) said the drug was prescribed for their use; the odds of using without a prescription were significantly higher for males, Black/African American, and Hispanic drivers, and lower for older drivers. Among those with a prescription, taking more than prescribed was most common for narcotics (6.8%), followed by sedatives (4.8%), stimulants (3.8%), and antidepressants (1.5%). These findings help to identify drivers using potentially impairing prescription drugs, both medically and nonmedically, and may inform the targeting of interventions to reduce impaired driving related to medications.
27936362	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
27936362	14	27	Self-Reported	T062	C0681906
27936362	28	45	Prescription Drug	T121	C0304227
27936362	46	49	Use	T169	C0457083
27936362	55	63	National	T082	C0681788
27936362	64	70	Sample	T167	C0370003
27936362	74	77	U.S	T083	C0041703
27936362	79	86	Drivers	T098	C0684312
27936362	87	91	Drug	T121	C1254351
27936362	102	109	driving	T056	C0004379
27936362	124	134	increasing	T169	C0442808
27936362	135	142	concern	T078	C2699424
27936362	175	188	illegal drugs	T131	C0086190
27936362	199	207	evidence	T078	C3887511
27936362	213	235	prescribed medications	T121	C3166216
27936362	240	262	impair driving ability	T033	C0877256
27936362	297	306	determine	T059	C1148554
27936362	311	324	self-reported	T062	C0681906
27936362	325	335	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27936362	339	356	prescription drug	T121	C0304227
27936362	357	360	use	T169	C0457083
27936362	372	379	medical	T169	C0205476
27936362	384	394	nonmedical	T033	C0243095
27936362	395	398	use	T169	C0457083
27936362	408	418	nationally	T082	C0681788
27936362	419	433	representative	T052	C1882932
27936362	434	440	sample	T167	C0370003
27936362	444	451	drivers	T098	C0684312
27936362	474	480	driver	T098	C0684312
27936362	481	496	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27936362	523	547	National Roadside Survey	T062	C0242481
27936362	549	556	drivers	T098	C0684312
27936362	576	584	randomly	T080	C0439605
27936362	608	616	complete	T080	C0205197
27936362	619	625	survey	T062	C0681817
27936362	629	646	prescription drug	T121	C0304227
27936362	647	650	use	T169	C0457083
27936362	666	673	drivers	T098	C0684312
27936362	691	708	prescription drug	T121	C0304227
27936362	720	724	past	T079	C1444637
27936362	727	731	days	T079	C0439228
27936362	747	764	common drug class	T121	C1254351
27936362	771	780	sedatives	T121	C0036557
27936362	801	816	antidepressants	T121	C0003289
27936362	825	834	narcotics	T121,T131	C0027415
27936362	847	857	stimulants	T121	C0304402
27936362	866	873	Drivers	T098	C0684312
27936362	887	904	prescription drug	T121	C0304227
27936362	905	908	use	T169	C0457083
27936362	946	952	female	T032	C0086287
27936362	954	959	older	T098	C1518563
27936362	961	979	non-Hispanic White	T098	C3843227
27936362	992	1002	disability	T033	C0231170
27936362	1018	1025	drivers	T098	C0684312
27936362	1039	1049	medication	T121	C0013227
27936362	1050	1053	use	T169	C0457083
27936362	1071	1075	drug	T121	C1254351
27936362	1080	1090	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27936362	1101	1104	use	T169	C0457083
27936362	1134	1146	prescription	T170	C1521941
27936362	1152	1172	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
27936362	1177	1182	males	T032	C0086582
27936362	1184	1206	Black/African American	T098	C0085756
27936362	1212	1220	Hispanic	T098	C0086409
27936362	1221	1228	drivers	T098	C0684312
27936362	1244	1249	older	T098	C1518563
27936362	1250	1257	drivers	T098	C0684312
27936362	1278	1290	prescription	T170	C1521941
27936362	1309	1319	prescribed	T058	C0278329
27936362	1340	1349	narcotics	T121,T131	C0027415
27936362	1370	1379	sedatives	T121	C0036557
27936362	1388	1398	stimulants	T121	C0304402
27936362	1411	1426	antidepressants	T121	C0003289
27936362	1441	1449	findings	T169	C2607943
27936362	1467	1474	drivers	T098	C0684312
27936362	1481	1502	potentially impairing	T169	C0221099
27936362	1503	1521	prescription drugs	T121	C0304227
27936362	1528	1537	medically	T169	C0205476
27936362	1542	1554	nonmedically	T033	C0243095
27936362	1575	1584	targeting	T169	C1521840
27936362	1588	1601	interventions	T058	C1273869
27936362	1612	1628	impaired driving	T033	C0877256
27936362	1640	1651	medications	T170	C4284232

27936395|t|Population based report on health related quality of life in adolescents born very preterm
27936395|a|As the survival rate of preterm infants constantly improves, knowledge on the impact of prematurity on long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is important for clinical and parental guidance. We aimed to assess HRQoL in a national cohort of young adolescents born very preterm, and to identify predictors for poorer HRQoL. All surviving Swiss live-born children below 30weeks of gestation during the year 2000 (290 subjects) were contacted at age 12years, together with their parents (262 families). HRQoL of the study children was assessed using both the Kidscreen-27 (KS-27) self- and parent forms. Neonatal data of the cohort were prospectively collected. Among the contacted families, 176 returned the complete set of questionnaires for 194 adolescents (67%): 100 (51%) females, mean (range) gestational age was 27.8 (24.1-29.9) weeks, birth weight 1025 (420-1730) grams, mean age at assessment 12.0 (11.0-13.0) years. Included children had similar neonatal and socio-demographic characteristics as non-responders. Average self - and parent -reported HRQoL of former preterms was similar to Swiss KS-27 norms. According to the multivariable models (r(2)=0.2), surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, severe neurodevelopment impairment were negatively associated with both self - and parent -reported HRQoL. HRQoL in this population -based cohort of adolescents born very preterm is good. Surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, severe neurodevelopment impairment were identified as predictors of poorer HRQoL using multivariable models, explaining however only a low proportion of variance in HRQoL.
27936395	0	10	Population	T098	C1257890
27936395	17	23	report	T170	C0684224
27936395	27	57	health related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27936395	61	72	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27936395	73	77	born	T040	C0005615
27936395	78	90	very preterm	T033	C4053870
27936395	98	111	survival rate	T081	C0038954
27936395	115	130	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
27936395	169	175	impact	T080	C4049986
27936395	179	190	prematurity	T033	C0151526
27936395	194	203	long-term	T079	C0443252
27936395	204	234	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
27936395	236	241	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27936395	260	268	clinical	T058	C0150600
27936395	273	290	parental guidance	T058	C0150600
27936395	304	310	assess	T058	C0220825
27936395	311	316	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27936395	322	337	national cohort	T098	C0599755
27936395	341	346	young	T079	C0332239
27936395	347	358	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27936395	359	363	born	T040	C0005615
27936395	364	376	very preterm	T033	C4053870
27936395	394	404	predictors	T170	C0683956
27936395	409	415	poorer	T080	C0542537
27936395	416	421	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27936395	437	442	Swiss	T098	C0241315
27936395	443	461	live-born children	T033	C0481667
27936395	468	488	30weeks of gestation	T079	C0233037
27936395	515	523	subjects	T098	C0080105
27936395	543	546	age	T032	C0001779
27936395	576	583	parents	T099	C0030551
27936395	589	597	families	T099	C0015576
27936395	600	605	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27936395	613	627	study children	T100	C0008059
27936395	632	640	assessed	T052	C1516048
27936395	656	699	Kidscreen-27 (KS-27) self- and parent forms	T170	C0034394
27936395	701	709	Neonatal	T079	C2939425
27936395	710	714	data	T078	C1511726
27936395	722	728	cohort	T098	C0599755
27936395	779	787	families	T099	C0015576
27936395	822	836	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27936395	845	856	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27936395	874	881	females	T032	C0086287
27936395	883	887	mean	T081	C0444504
27936395	896	911	gestational age	T032	C0017504
27936395	940	952	birth weight	T032	C0005612
27936395	976	980	mean	T081	C0444504
27936395	981	984	age	T032	C0001779
27936395	988	998	assessment	T058	C0220825
27936395	1032	1040	children	T100	C0008059
27936395	1053	1061	neonatal	T100	C0021289
27936395	1066	1099	socio-demographic characteristics	T080	C1521970
27936395	1127	1131	self	T078	C0036588
27936395	1138	1144	parent	T099	C0030551
27936395	1155	1160	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27936395	1171	1179	preterms	T047	C0021294
27936395	1195	1200	Swiss	T098	C0241315
27936395	1195	1212	Swiss KS-27 norms	UnknownType	C0680355
27936395	1231	1251	multivariable models	T170	C0282574
27936395	1264	1280	surgical closure	T061	C0185003
27936395	1284	1308	patent ductus arteriosus	T019	C0013274
27936395	1310	1350	attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder	T048	C4237455
27936395	1352	1358	severe	T080	C0205082
27936395	1359	1375	neurodevelopment	T042	C0599855
27936395	1376	1386	impairment	T169	C0221099
27936395	1424	1428	self	T078	C0036588
27936395	1435	1441	parent	T099	C0030551
27936395	1452	1457	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27936395	1459	1464	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27936395	1473	1483	population	T098	C1257890
27936395	1491	1497	cohort	T098	C0599755
27936395	1501	1512	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27936395	1513	1517	born	T040	C0005615
27936395	1518	1530	very preterm	T033	C4053870
27936395	1540	1556	Surgical closure	T061	C0185003
27936395	1560	1584	patent ductus arteriosus	T019	C0013274
27936395	1586	1626	attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder	T048	C4237455
27936395	1628	1634	severe	T080	C0205082
27936395	1635	1651	neurodevelopment	T042	C0599855
27936395	1652	1662	impairment	T169	C0221099
27936395	1682	1692	predictors	T170	C0683956
27936395	1696	1702	poorer	T080	C0542537
27936395	1703	1708	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
27936395	1715	1735	multivariable models	T170	C0282574
27936395	1793	1798	HRQoL	T078	C4279947

27938026|t|Caregiving Youth Knowledge and Perceptions of Parental End-of-Life Wishes in Huntington's Disease
27938026|a|Knowledge of patient end-of-life (EOL) wishes and discussions are vital for family caregivers, including children and youth who may be in caregiving roles (" young carers " or " caregiving youth "). However, little is known about caregiving youth awareness and perceptions of EOL issues. This study sought to explore caregiving youth knowledge of EOL wishes and their willingness for EOL discussions. Face-to-face interviews with 40 caregiving youth ages 10-20, who have a parent with Huntington's disease (HD), provided information about their knowledge of the presence of their ill parent's living will (LW) and durable power of attorney for health care (DPAHC), and willingness to talk with the parent about EOL choices and possibility of death. Less than one-half of the participants were aware of the parent's LW or DPAHC. Content analysis revealed themes in reasons to want or not want EOL discussion with the parent: respect for the parent's wishes, caregiving youths ' opinion not valued, and avoidance of EOL issues. Themes also included reasons to not want discussion with the parent about possibility of death: protecting the parent, parent in denial, parent not ready, and realization of the terminal outcome. Findings suggest HD patients and their caregiving youth need support for open EOL discussions, and could benefit from educational programs and support groups around EOL issues.
27938026	0	10	Caregiving	T054	C1328742
27938026	11	16	Youth	T100	C0087178
27938026	17	26	Knowledge	T033	C1948177
27938026	31	42	Perceptions	T041	C0030971
27938026	46	54	Parental	T099	C0030551
27938026	55	73	End-of-Life Wishes	T033	C1735351
27938026	77	97	Huntington's Disease	T047	C0020179
27938026	98	107	Knowledge	T033	C1948177
27938026	111	118	patient	T101	C0030705
27938026	119	143	end-of-life (EOL) wishes	T033	C1735351
27938026	148	159	discussions	T058	C4075896
27938026	164	169	vital	T080	C0442732
27938026	174	191	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
27938026	203	211	children	T100	C0008059
27938026	216	221	youth	T100	C0087178
27938026	236	252	caregiving roles	T054	C1328742
27938026	256	261	young	T079	C0332239
27938026	262	268	carers	T097	C0085537
27938026	276	286	caregiving	T054	C1328742
27938026	287	292	youth	T100	C0087178
27938026	328	338	caregiving	T054	C1328742
27938026	339	344	youth	T100	C0087178
27938026	345	354	awareness	T041	C0004448
27938026	359	370	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27938026	374	384	EOL issues	T078	C2362520
27938026	415	425	caregiving	T054	C1328742
27938026	426	431	youth	T100	C0087178
27938026	432	441	knowledge	T033	C1948177
27938026	445	455	EOL wishes	T033	C1735351
27938026	466	477	willingness	T033	C0600109
27938026	482	497	EOL discussions	T058	C4075896
27938026	499	522	Face-to-face interviews	UnknownType	C0681912
27938026	531	541	caregiving	T054	C1328742
27938026	542	547	youth	T100	C0087178
27938026	548	552	ages	T032	C0001779
27938026	571	577	parent	T099	C0030551
27938026	583	603	Huntington's disease	T047	C0020179
27938026	605	607	HD	T047	C0020179
27938026	619	630	information	T078	C1533716
27938026	643	652	knowledge	T033	C1948177
27938026	660	668	presence	T033	C0150312
27938026	678	681	ill	T184	C0231218
27938026	682	690	parent's	T099	C0030551
27938026	691	702	living will	T170	C0023914
27938026	704	706	LW	T170	C0023914
27938026	712	753	durable power of attorney for health care	T033	C4047963
27938026	755	760	DPAHC	T033	C4047963
27938026	767	778	willingness	T033	C0600109
27938026	782	786	talk	T056	C0234856
27938026	796	802	parent	T099	C0030551
27938026	809	820	EOL choices	T033	C1735351
27938026	825	836	possibility	T033	C0332149
27938026	840	845	death	T033	C1306577
27938026	873	885	participants	T098	C0679646
27938026	891	896	aware	T041	C0004448
27938026	904	912	parent's	T099	C0030551
27938026	913	915	LW	T170	C0023914
27938026	919	924	DPAHC	T033	C4047963
27938026	926	942	Content analysis	T062	C0681915
27938026	952	958	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27938026	962	969	reasons	T078	C0392360
27938026	981	989	not want	T052	C2700401
27938026	990	1004	EOL discussion	T058	C4075896
27938026	1014	1020	parent	T099	C0030551
27938026	1038	1046	parent's	T099	C0030551
27938026	1047	1053	wishes	T033	C1735351
27938026	1055	1065	caregiving	T054	C1328742
27938026	1066	1072	youths	T100	C0087178
27938026	1075	1082	opinion	T041	C0871010
27938026	1099	1108	avoidance	T041	C0870186
27938026	1112	1122	EOL issues	T078	C2362520
27938026	1124	1130	Themes	UnknownType	C0869035
27938026	1145	1152	reasons	T078	C0392360
27938026	1156	1164	not want	T052	C2700401
27938026	1165	1175	discussion	T054	C2584313
27938026	1185	1191	parent	T099	C0030551
27938026	1198	1209	possibility	T033	C0332149
27938026	1213	1218	death	T033	C1306577
27938026	1220	1230	protecting	T033	C1545588
27938026	1235	1241	parent	T099	C0030551
27938026	1243	1249	parent	T099	C0030551
27938026	1253	1259	denial	T052	C2700401
27938026	1261	1267	parent	T099	C0030551
27938026	1268	1277	not ready	T052	C2700401
27938026	1283	1294	realization	T041	C0237450
27938026	1302	1310	terminal	T080	C0205088
27938026	1311	1318	outcome	T169	C1274040
27938026	1337	1339	HD	T047	C0020179
27938026	1340	1348	patients	T101	C0030705
27938026	1359	1369	caregiving	T054	C1328742
27938026	1370	1375	youth	T100	C0087178
27938026	1381	1388	support	T077	C1521721
27938026	1398	1413	EOL discussions	T058	C4075896
27938026	1438	1458	educational programs	T065	C0150562
27938026	1463	1477	support groups	T095	C0036606
27938026	1485	1495	EOL issues	T078	C2362520

27938365|t|Comparing the effects of different dynamic sitting strategies in wheelchair seating on lumbar-pelvic angle
27938365|a|Prolonged static sitting in a wheelchair is associated with an increased risk of lower back pain. The wheelchair seating system is a key factor of this risk because it affects spinal loading in the sitting position. In this study, 7 dynamic sitting strategies (DSSs) are examined: lumbar prominent dynamic sitting (LPDS), back reclined dynamic sitting (BRDS), femur upward dynamic sitting (FUDS), lumbar prominent with back reclined dynamic sitting (LBDS), lumbar prominent with femur upward dynamic sitting (LFDS), back reclined with femur upward dynamic sitting (BFDS), and lumbar prominent with back reclined with femur upward dynamic sitting (LBFDS). The objective of this study was to analyze the biomechanical effects of these sitting strategies on lumbar-pelvic angles. Twenty able-bodied participants were recruited for the study. All participants performed LPDS, BRDS, FUDS, LBDS, LFDS, BFDS, and LBFDS in a random order. All lumbar-pelvic angle parameters, including the static lumbar angle, static pelvic angle, lumbar range of motion, and pelvic range of motion were measured and compared. Results show that LBDS and LBFDS enabled the most beneficial lumbar movements, although the difference between the 2 strategies was nonsignificant. BRDS and BFDS enabled the most beneficial pelvic movements, although the difference between the 2 strategies was nonsignificant. Among all the upright DSSs, LPDS and LFDS enabled the most beneficial lumbar and pelvic movements, although no significant difference was observed between these 2 strategies. We identified the effects and differences among 7 DSSs on lumbar-pelvic angles. Wheelchair users can choose the most suitable DSS that meets their needs. These findings may serve as a reference for practicing physicians or wheelchair users to choose an appropriate dynamic wheelchair seating system. ISRCTN12389808, 18th November 2016, retrospectively registered.
27938365	0	9	Comparing	T052	C1707455
27938365	14	24	effects of	T080	C1704420
27938365	25	34	different	T080	C1705242
27938365	35	61	dynamic sitting strategies	T061	C0454281
27938365	65	83	wheelchair seating	T074	C0438917
27938365	87	106	lumbar-pelvic angle	T029	C0024090
27938365	107	116	Prolonged	T079	C0439590
27938365	117	131	static sitting	T033	C4270719
27938365	137	147	wheelchair	T074	C0043143
27938365	151	166	associated with	T080	C0332281
27938365	170	179	increased	T081	C0205217
27938365	180	184	risk	T078	C0035647
27938365	188	203	lower back pain	T184	C0024031
27938365	209	234	wheelchair seating system	T074	C0438917
27938365	240	250	key factor	T169	C1521761
27938365	259	263	risk	T078	C0035647
27938365	283	289	spinal	T082	C0521329
27938365	290	297	loading	T169	C0205245
27938365	305	321	sitting position	T033	C0277814
27938365	331	336	study	T062	C2603343
27938365	340	366	dynamic sitting strategies	T061	C0454281
27938365	368	372	DSSs	T061	C0454281
27938365	378	386	examined	T033	C0332128
27938365	388	420	lumbar prominent dynamic sitting	T061	C0454281
27938365	422	426	LPDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	429	458	back reclined dynamic sitting	T061	C0454281
27938365	460	464	BRDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	467	495	femur upward dynamic sitting	T061	C0454281
27938365	497	501	FUDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	504	555	lumbar prominent with back reclined dynamic sitting	T061	C0454281
27938365	557	561	LBDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	564	614	lumbar prominent with femur upward dynamic sitting	T061	C0454281
27938365	616	620	LFDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	623	670	back reclined with femur upward dynamic sitting	T061	C0454281
27938365	672	676	BFDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	683	752	lumbar prominent with back reclined with femur upward dynamic sitting	T061	C0454281
27938365	754	759	LBFDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	766	775	objective	T170	C0018017
27938365	784	789	study	T062	C2603343
27938365	797	804	analyze	T062	C0936012
27938365	809	822	biomechanical	T070	C3658372
27938365	823	833	effects of	T080	C1704420
27938365	840	858	sitting strategies	T061	C0454281
27938365	862	882	lumbar-pelvic angles	T029	C0024090
27938365	891	902	able-bodied	T033	C0424576
27938365	903	915	participants	T098	C0679646
27938365	921	930	recruited	T169	C0205245
27938365	939	944	study	T062	C2603343
27938365	950	962	participants	T098	C0679646
27938365	963	972	performed	T169	C0884358
27938365	973	977	LPDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	979	983	BRDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	985	989	FUDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	991	995	LBDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	997	1001	LFDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	1003	1007	BFDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	1013	1018	LBFDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	1024	1030	random	T080	C0439605
27938365	1031	1036	order	T080	C1705176
27938365	1042	1061	lumbar-pelvic angle	T029	C0024090
27938365	1062	1072	parameters	T077	C0549193
27938365	1088	1094	static	T080	C0441463
27938365	1095	1107	lumbar angle	T029	C0024090
27938365	1109	1115	static	T080	C0441463
27938365	1116	1128	pelvic angle	T023	C0030797
27938365	1130	1152	lumbar range of motion	T033	C0575375
27938365	1158	1180	pelvic range of motion	T033	C0243095
27938365	1186	1194	measured	T080	C0444706
27938365	1199	1207	compared	T052	C1707455
27938365	1209	1216	Results	T169	C1274040
27938365	1227	1231	LBDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	1236	1241	LBFDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	1242	1249	enabled	T041	C1171285
27938365	1259	1269	beneficial	T080	C0205556
27938365	1270	1286	lumbar movements	T201	C1286136
27938365	1301	1311	difference	T080	C1705242
27938365	1326	1336	strategies	T041	C0679199
27938365	1341	1355	nonsignificant	T033	C1273937
27938365	1357	1361	BRDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	1366	1370	BFDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	1371	1378	enabled	T041	C1171285
27938365	1388	1398	beneficial	T080	C0205556
27938365	1399	1415	pelvic movements	T061	C0454470
27938365	1430	1440	difference	T080	C1705242
27938365	1455	1465	strategies	T041	C0679199
27938365	1470	1484	nonsignificant	T033	C1273937
27938365	1508	1512	DSSs	T061	C0454281
27938365	1514	1518	LPDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	1523	1527	LFDS	T061	C0454281
27938365	1528	1535	enabled	T041	C1171285
27938365	1545	1555	beneficial	T080	C0205556
27938365	1556	1562	lumbar	T201	C1286136
27938365	1567	1583	pelvic movements	T061	C0454470
27938365	1594	1608	no significant	T033	C1273937
27938365	1609	1619	difference	T080	C1705242
27938365	1624	1632	observed	T169	C1441672
27938365	1649	1659	strategies	T041	C0679199
27938365	1664	1674	identified	T080	C0205396
27938365	1679	1686	effects	T080	C1280500
27938365	1691	1702	differences	T080	C1705242
27938365	1711	1715	DSSs	T061	C0454281
27938365	1719	1739	lumbar-pelvic angles	T029	C0024090
27938365	1741	1757	Wheelchair users	T101	C0853966
27938365	1762	1768	choose	T052	C1707391
27938365	1778	1786	suitable	T080	C3900053
27938365	1787	1790	DSS	T061	C0454281
27938365	1796	1801	meets	T067	C1550543
27938365	1808	1813	needs	T080	C0027552
27938365	1821	1829	findings	T033	C0243095
27938365	1845	1854	reference	T077	C1706462
27938365	1859	1880	practicing physicians	T097	C0017319
27938365	1884	1900	wheelchair users	T101	C0853966
27938365	1904	1910	choose	T052	C1707391
27938365	1914	1925	appropriate	T080	C1548787
27938365	1934	1952	wheelchair seating	T074	C0438917

27938482|t|Repetitive and Prolonged Omega-3 Fatty Acid Treatment After Traumatic Brain Injury Enhances Long-Term Tissue Restoration and Cognitive Recovery
27938482|a|Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most disabling clinical conditions that could lead to neurocognitive disorders in survivors. Our group and others previously reported that prophylactic enrichment of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) markedly ameliorate cognitive deficits after TBI. However, it remains unclear whether a clinically relevant therapeutic regimen with n-3 PUFAs administered after TBI would still offer significant improvement of long-term cognitive recovery. In the present study, we employed the decline of spatial cognitive function as a main outcome after TBI to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of post - TBI n-3 PUFA treatment and the underlying mechanisms. Mice were subjected to sham operation or controlled cortical impact, followed by random assignment to receive the following four treatments: (1) vehicle control; (2) daily intraperitoneal injections of n-3 PUFAs for 2 weeks, beginning 2 h after TBI; (3) fish oil dietary supplementation throughout the study, beginning 1 day after TBI; or (4) combination of treatments (2) and (3). Spatial cognitive deficits and chronic brain tissue loss, as well as endogenous brain repair processes such as neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and oligodendrogenesis, were evaluated up to 35 days after TBI. The results revealed prominent spatial cognitive deficits and massive tissue loss caused by TBI. Among all mice receiving post-TBI n-3 PUFA treatments, the combined treatment of fish oil dietary supplement and n-3 PUFA injections demonstrated a reproducible beneficial effect in attenuating cognitive deficits although without reducing gross tissue loss. Mechanistically, the combined treatment promoted post-TBI restorative processes in the brain, including generation of immature neurons, microvessels, and oligodendrocytes, each of which was significantly correlated with the improved cognitive recovery. These results indicated that repetitive and prolonged n-3 PUFA treatments after TBI are capable of enhancing brain remodeling and could be developed as a potential therapy to treat TBI victims in the clinic.
27938482	0	10	Repetitive	T079	C2945760
27938482	15	24	Prolonged	T079	C0439590
27938482	25	43	Omega-3 Fatty Acid	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27938482	44	53	Treatment	T061	C0087111
27938482	54	59	After	T079	C0687676
27938482	60	82	Traumatic Brain Injury	T037	C0876926
27938482	83	91	Enhances	T052	C2349975
27938482	92	101	Long-Term	T079	C0443252
27938482	102	108	Tissue	T024	C0040300
27938482	109	120	Restoration	T061	C0087111
27938482	125	143	Cognitive Recovery	T061	C0009244
27938482	144	166	Traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
27938482	168	171	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	192	221	disabling clinical conditions	T033	C4061999
27938482	233	237	lead	T169	C1522538
27938482	241	265	neurocognitive disorders	T048	C4041080
27938482	269	278	survivors	T101	C0206194
27938482	284	289	group	T098	C1705429
27938482	294	300	others	T098	C1257890
27938482	312	320	reported	T170	C0684224
27938482	326	349	prophylactic enrichment	T061	C0199176
27938482	353	360	dietary	T169	C2699635
27938482	361	396	omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27938482	398	407	n-3 PUFAs	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27938482	418	428	ameliorate	T169	C0332303
27938482	429	447	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
27938482	448	453	after	T079	C0687676
27938482	454	457	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	479	486	unclear	T033	C3845108
27938482	497	507	clinically	T080	C0443178
27938482	508	516	relevant	T080	C2347946
27938482	517	536	therapeutic regimen	T061	C1276413
27938482	542	551	n-3 PUFAs	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27938482	552	564	administered	T169	C1521801
27938482	565	570	after	T079	C0687676
27938482	571	574	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	605	616	improvement	T077	C2986411
27938482	620	629	long-term	T079	C0443252
27938482	630	648	cognitive recovery	T061	C0009244
27938482	665	670	study	T062	C2603343
27938482	688	695	decline	T080	C1511741
27938482	707	725	cognitive function	T048	C0009241
27938482	731	735	main	T080	C1542147
27938482	736	743	outcome	T169	C1274040
27938482	744	749	after	T079	C0687676
27938482	750	753	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	757	768	investigate	T169	C1292732
27938482	773	793	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
27938482	797	801	post	T079	C0687676
27938482	804	807	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	808	816	n-3 PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27938482	817	826	treatment	T061	C0087111
27938482	846	856	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27938482	858	862	Mice	T015	C0025929
27938482	881	895	sham operation	T061	C0141287
27938482	899	909	controlled	T169	C2587213
27938482	910	918	cortical	T023	C0007776
27938482	919	925	impact	T080	C4049986
27938482	939	956	random assignment	UnknownType	C0814868
27938482	960	967	receive	T080	C1514756
27938482	982	986	four	T081	C0205450
27938482	987	997	treatments	T061	C0087111
27938482	1003	1010	vehicle	T122	C0042444
27938482	1011	1018	control	T169	C2587213
27938482	1024	1029	daily	T079	C0332173
27938482	1030	1056	intraperitoneal injections	T061	C0021493
27938482	1060	1069	n-3 PUFAs	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27938482	1076	1081	weeks	T079	C0439230
27938482	1083	1092	beginning	T079	C0439659
27938482	1095	1096	h	T079	C0439227
27938482	1097	1102	after	T079	C0687676
27938482	1103	1106	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	1112	1128	fish oil dietary	T168	C0556145
27938482	1129	1144	supplementation	T061	C0242297
27938482	1160	1165	study	T062	C2603343
27938482	1167	1176	beginning	T079	C0439659
27938482	1179	1182	day	T079	C0439228
27938482	1183	1188	after	T079	C0687676
27938482	1189	1192	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	1201	1212	combination	T080	C0205195
27938482	1216	1226	treatments	T061	C0087111
27938482	1271	1278	chronic	T079	C0205191
27938482	1279	1291	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
27938482	1292	1296	loss	T081	C1517945
27938482	1309	1319	endogenous	T169	C0205227
27938482	1320	1342	brain repair processes	T061	C0161849
27938482	1351	1363	neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
27938482	1365	1377	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27938482	1383	1401	oligodendrogenesis	T038	C3714634
27938482	1427	1431	days	T079	C0439228
27938482	1432	1437	after	T079	C0687676
27938482	1438	1441	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	1447	1454	results	T169	C1274040
27938482	1455	1463	revealed	T080	C0443289
27938482	1482	1500	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
27938482	1505	1512	massive	T080	C0522501
27938482	1513	1519	tissue	T023	C0459385
27938482	1520	1524	loss	T081	C1517945
27938482	1535	1538	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	1550	1554	mice	T015	C0025929
27938482	1555	1564	receiving	T080	C1514756
27938482	1565	1573	post-TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	1574	1582	n-3 PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27938482	1583	1593	treatments	T061	C0087111
27938482	1599	1607	combined	T080	C0205195
27938482	1608	1617	treatment	T061	C0087111
27938482	1621	1637	fish oil dietary	T168	C0556145
27938482	1638	1648	supplement	T168	C0242295
27938482	1653	1661	n-3 PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27938482	1662	1672	injections	T122	C1272883
27938482	1673	1685	demonstrated	T052	C3687625
27938482	1688	1718	reproducible beneficial effect	UnknownType	C0683156
27938482	1734	1752	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
27938482	1770	1778	reducing	T080	C0392756
27938482	1779	1784	gross	T080	C0439806
27938482	1785	1791	tissue	T023	C0459385
27938482	1792	1796	loss	T081	C1517945
27938482	1828	1837	treatment	T061	C0087111
27938482	1838	1846	promoted	T052	C0033414
27938482	1847	1855	post-TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	1856	1877	restorative processes	T061	C0541662
27938482	1885	1890	brain	T023	C0006104
27938482	1892	1901	including	T169	C0332257
27938482	1916	1932	immature neurons	T025	C0027882
27938482	1934	1946	microvessels	T023	C2350570
27938482	1952	1968	oligodendrocytes	T025	C0028944
27938482	2002	2012	correlated	T080	C1707520
27938482	2022	2030	improved	T033	C0184511
27938482	2031	2049	cognitive recovery	T169	C1274040
27938482	2057	2064	results	T169	C1274040
27938482	2065	2074	indicated	T033	C1444656
27938482	2080	2090	repetitive	T079	C2945760
27938482	2095	2104	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27938482	2105	2113	n-3 PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
27938482	2114	2124	treatments	T061	C0087111
27938482	2125	2130	after	T079	C0687676
27938482	2131	2134	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	2150	2159	enhancing	T052	C2349975
27938482	2160	2165	brain	T023	C0006104
27938482	2166	2176	remodeling	UnknownType	C0678692
27938482	2205	2214	potential	T080	C3245505
27938482	2215	2222	therapy	T061	C0087111
27938482	2232	2235	TBI	T037	C0876926
27938482	2236	2243	victims	T098	C0680681
27938482	2251	2257	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592

27938921|t|Night-waking trajectories and associated factors in French preschoolers from the EDEN birth-cohort
27938921|a|Night waking in preschoolers has been associated with adverse health outcomes in cross-sectional studies, but has rarely been analyzed in a longitudinal setting. Therefore, little is known about the evolution of night waking in early childhood. The objectives of the present study were: to identify night-waking trajectories in preschoolers, and to examine the risk factors associated with those trajectories. Analyses were based on the French birth-cohort study EDEN, which recruited 2002 pregnant women between 2003 and 2006. Data on a child's night waking at the ages of two, three, and five, six years, and potential confounders, were collected through parental self-reported questionnaires. Night-waking trajectories were computerized using group-based trajectory modeling on 1346 children. Two distinct developmental patterns were identified: the "2-5 rare night-waking " (77% of the children) and the "2-5 common night-waking " pattern. Logistic regressions were performed to identify the factors associated with the trajectories. Risk factors for belonging to the "2-5 common night-waking " trajectory were: exposure to passive smoking at home, daycare in a collective setting, watching television for extended periods, bottle feeding at night, high emotionality, and low shyness. This approach allowed identification of risk factors associated with night waking during a critical age window, and laid the groundwork for identifying children at higher risk of deleterious sleep patterns. Those risk factors were mainly living habits, which indicated that prevention and intervention programs could be highly beneficial in this population.
27938921	0	12	Night-waking	T048	C0393761
27938921	13	25	trajectories	T082	C1704322
27938921	30	40	associated	T080	C0332281
27938921	41	48	factors	T169	C1521761
27938921	52	58	French	T098	C1556084
27938921	59	71	preschoolers	T100	C0008100
27938921	81	98	EDEN birth-cohort	T081	C1706962
27938921	99	111	Night waking	T048	C0393761
27938921	115	127	preschoolers	T100	C0008100
27938921	137	152	associated with	T080	C0332281
27938921	153	160	adverse	T033	C1513916
27938921	161	176	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27938921	180	203	cross-sectional studies	T062	C0010362
27938921	239	259	longitudinal setting	T062	C0023981
27938921	311	323	night waking	T048	C0393761
27938921	327	342	early childhood	T079	C0599196
27938921	348	358	objectives	T170	C0018017
27938921	374	379	study	T062	C2603343
27938921	398	410	night-waking	T048	C0393761
27938921	411	423	trajectories	T082	C1704322
27938921	427	439	preschoolers	T100	C0008100
27938921	460	472	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27938921	473	488	associated with	T080	C0332281
27938921	495	507	trajectories	T082	C1704322
27938921	509	517	Analyses	T062	C0936012
27938921	536	542	French	T098	C1556084
27938921	543	555	birth-cohort	T081	C1706962
27938921	562	566	EDEN	T081	C1706962
27938921	574	583	recruited	T052	C2949735
27938921	589	603	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27938921	637	644	child's	T100	C0008059
27938921	645	657	night waking	T048	C0393761
27938921	665	669	ages	T032	C0001779
27938921	710	719	potential	T080	C3245505
27938921	720	731	confounders	T169	C0009673
27938921	738	747	collected	T169	C1516698
27938921	756	764	parental	T099	C0030551
27938921	765	778	self-reported	T062	C2700446
27938921	779	793	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27938921	795	807	Night-waking	T048	C0393761
27938921	808	820	trajectories	T082	C1704322
27938921	826	838	computerized	T066	C0009609
27938921	845	876	group-based trajectory modeling	T062	C0870071
27938921	885	893	children	T100	C0008059
27938921	908	921	developmental	T080	C0458003
27938921	922	930	patterns	T082	C0449774
27938921	936	946	identified	T080	C0205396
27938921	957	961	rare	T080	C0522498
27938921	962	974	night-waking	T048	C0393761
27938921	989	997	children	T100	C0008059
27938921	1012	1018	common	T081	C0205214
27938921	1019	1031	night-waking	T048	C0393761
27938921	1034	1041	pattern	T082	C0449774
27938921	1043	1063	Logistic regressions	T062	C0206031
27938921	1069	1078	performed	T169	C0884358
27938921	1095	1102	factors	T169	C1521761
27938921	1103	1118	associated with	T080	C0332281
27938921	1123	1135	trajectories	T082	C1704322
27938921	1137	1149	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
27938921	1176	1182	common	T081	C0205214
27938921	1183	1195	night-waking	T048	C0393761
27938921	1198	1208	trajectory	T082	C1704322
27938921	1215	1226	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27938921	1227	1242	passive smoking	T069	C0037370
27938921	1246	1250	home	T082	C0442519
27938921	1252	1259	daycare	T073,T092	C0008070
27938921	1285	1304	watching television	T056	C3273801
27938921	1309	1317	extended	T169	C0231448
27938921	1318	1325	periods	T079	C1948053
27938921	1327	1341	bottle feeding	T061	C0006042
27938921	1345	1350	night	T079	C0240526
27938921	1352	1356	high	T080	C0205250
27938921	1357	1369	emotionality	T048	C0237593
27938921	1375	1378	low	T080	C0205251
27938921	1379	1386	shyness	T054	C0037020
27938921	1393	1401	approach	T082	C0449445
27938921	1410	1424	identification	T080	C0205396
27938921	1428	1440	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27938921	1441	1456	associated with	T080	C0332281
27938921	1457	1469	night waking	T048	C0393761
27938921	1470	1476	during	T079	C0347984
27938921	1479	1487	critical	T080	C1511545
27938921	1488	1491	age	T032	C0001779
27938921	1492	1498	window	T079	C1272706
27938921	1528	1539	identifying	T058	C0683510
27938921	1540	1548	children	T100	C0008059
27938921	1549	1563	at higher risk	T033	C3843761
27938921	1567	1593	deleterious sleep patterns	T033	C0474396
27938921	1601	1613	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27938921	1633	1639	habits	T055	C0018464
27938921	1662	1672	prevention	T170	C0679717
27938921	1677	1698	intervention programs	T061	C0599917
27938921	1708	1714	highly	T080	C0205250
27938921	1715	1725	beneficial	T081	C0814225
27938921	1734	1744	population	T098	C1257890

27939139|t|Influence of yeast and lactic acid bacterium on the constituent profile of soy sauce during fermentation
27939139|a|Soy sauce is a Japanese traditional seasoning composed of various constituents that are produced by various microbes during a long-term fermentation process. Due to the complexity of the process, the investigation of the constituent profile during fermentation is difficult. Metabolomics, the comprehensive study of low molecular weight compounds in biological samples, is thought to be a promising strategy for deep understanding of the constituent contribution to food flavor characteristics. Therefore, metabolomics is suitable for the analysis of soy sauce fermentation. Unfortunately, only few and unrefined studies of soy sauce fermentation using metabolomics approach have been reported. Therefore, we investigated changes in low molecular weight hydrophilic and volatile compounds of soy sauce using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS)- based non-targeted metabolic profiling. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis to evaluate influences of yeast and lactic acid bacterium on the constituent profile. Consequently, our results suggested a novel finding that lactic acid bacterium affected the production of several constituents such as cyclotene, furfural, furfuryl alcohol and methional in the soy sauce fermentation process.
27939139	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
27939139	13	18	yeast	T004	C0043393
27939139	23	44	lactic acid bacterium	T007	C1210581
27939139	52	63	constituent	T167	C0729650
27939139	64	71	profile	T059	C1979963
27939139	75	84	soy sauce	T168	C0453374
27939139	85	91	during	T079	C0347984
27939139	92	104	fermentation	T044	C0015852
27939139	105	114	Soy sauce	T168	C0453374
27939139	120	128	Japanese	T083	C0022341
27939139	129	140	traditional	T169	C0443324
27939139	141	150	seasoning	T168	C0349383
27939139	151	159	composed	T081	C0392762
27939139	163	170	various	T081	C0443302
27939139	171	183	constituents	T167	C0729650
27939139	193	201	produced	T057	C0033268
27939139	213	221	microbes	T001	C0445623
27939139	222	228	during	T079	C0347984
27939139	231	240	long-term	T079	C0443252
27939139	241	261	fermentation process	T044	C0015852
27939139	263	269	Due to	T169	C0678226
27939139	274	284	complexity	T169	C0205245
27939139	292	299	process	T067	C1522240
27939139	305	318	investigation	T062	C0242481
27939139	326	337	constituent	T167	C0729650
27939139	338	345	profile	T059	C1979963
27939139	346	352	during	T079	C0347984
27939139	353	365	fermentation	T044	C0015852
27939139	369	378	difficult	T033	C0243095
27939139	380	392	Metabolomics	T091	C1328813
27939139	398	411	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27939139	412	417	study	T062	C2603343
27939139	421	424	low	T080	C0205251
27939139	425	441	molecular weight	T081	C0026385
27939139	442	451	compounds	T080	C0205198
27939139	455	465	biological	T080	C0205460
27939139	466	473	samples	T167	C0370003
27939139	522	535	understanding	T041	C0162340
27939139	543	554	constituent	T167	C0729650
27939139	555	567	contribution	T052	C1880177
27939139	571	582	food flavor	T080	C0596585
27939139	583	598	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27939139	611	623	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
27939139	627	635	suitable	T080	C3900053
27939139	644	652	analysis	T062	C0936012
27939139	656	665	soy sauce	T168	C0453374
27939139	666	678	fermentation	T044	C0015852
27939139	718	725	studies	T062	C2603343
27939139	729	738	soy sauce	T168	C0453374
27939139	739	751	fermentation	T044	C0015852
27939139	752	757	using	T169	C1524063
27939139	758	770	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
27939139	771	779	approach	T082	C0449445
27939139	790	798	reported	T170	C0684224
27939139	814	826	investigated	T169	C1292732
27939139	827	834	changes	T169	C0392747
27939139	838	841	low	T080	C0205251
27939139	842	858	molecular weight	T081	C0026385
27939139	859	870	hydrophilic	T081	C0392762
27939139	875	893	volatile compounds	T120	C0443769
27939139	897	906	soy sauce	T168	C0453374
27939139	913	949	gas chromatography/mass spectrometry	T059	C0024868
27939139	951	956	GC/MS	T059	C0024868
27939139	959	964	based	T169	C1527178
27939139	965	977	non-targeted	T169	C0205245
27939139	978	997	metabolic profiling	T091	C1328813
27939139	1003	1007	data	T078	C1511726
27939139	1013	1021	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27939139	1025	1045	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
27939139	1058	1068	influences	T077	C4054723
27939139	1072	1077	yeast	T004	C0043393
27939139	1082	1103	lactic acid bacterium	T007	C1210581
27939139	1111	1122	constituent	T167	C0729650
27939139	1123	1130	profile	T059	C1979963
27939139	1150	1157	results	T169	C1274040
27939139	1158	1167	suggested	T078	C1705535
27939139	1170	1175	novel	T080	C0205314
27939139	1176	1183	finding	T033	C0243095
27939139	1189	1210	lactic acid bacterium	T007	C1210581
27939139	1211	1219	affected	T169	C0392760
27939139	1224	1234	production	T057	C0033268
27939139	1238	1245	several	T081	C0443302
27939139	1246	1258	constituents	T167	C0729650
27939139	1267	1276	cyclotene	T109	C0056829
27939139	1278	1286	furfural	T109,T131	C0016849
27939139	1288	1304	furfuryl alcohol	T109	C0060863
27939139	1309	1318	methional	T109	C0066117
27939139	1326	1335	soy sauce	T168	C0453374
27939139	1336	1356	fermentation process	T044	C0015852

27939207|t|Source apportionment and heavy metal health risk (HMHR) quantification from sources in a southern city in China, using an ME2 - HMHR model
27939207|a|Heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, As, Cd, and Pb) can be bound to PM adversely affecting human health. Quantifying the source impacts on heavy metals can provide source - specific estimates of the heavy metal health risk (HMHR) to guide effective development of strategies to reduce such risks from exposure to heavy metals in PM2.5 (particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm). In this study, a method combining Multilinear Engine 2 (ME2) and a risk assessment model is developed to more effectively quantify source contributions to HMHR, including heavy metal non-cancer risk (non-HMCR) and cancer risk (HMCR). The combined model (called ME2-HMHR) has two steps: step1, source contributions to heavy metals are estimated by employing the ME2 model; step2, the source contributions in step 1 are introduced into the risk assessment model to calculate the source contributions to HMHR. The approach was applied to Huzou, China and five significant sources were identified. Soil dust is the largest source of non-HMCR. For HMCR, the source contributions of soil dust, coal combustion, cement dust, vehicle, and secondary sources are 1.0 × 10(-4), 3.7 × 10(-5), 2.7 × 10(-6), 1.6 × 10(-6) and 1.9 × 10(-9), respectively. The soil dust is the largest contributor to HMCR, being driven by the high impact of soil dust on PM2.5 and the abundance of heavy metals in soil dust.
27939207	25	36	heavy metal	T196	C0347988
27939207	37	48	health risk	T061	C0679809
27939207	50	54	HMHR	T061	C0679809
27939207	56	70	quantification	T081	C1709793
27939207	76	83	sources	T033	C0449416
27939207	89	97	southern	T082	C1710133
27939207	98	102	city	T083	C0008848
27939207	106	111	China	T083	C0008115
27939207	122	125	ME2	T073,T170	C0037585
27939207	128	132	HMHR	T061	C0679809
27939207	133	138	model	T170	C0596657
27939207	139	151	Heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27939207	153	155	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
27939207	157	159	Co	T123,T196	C0009148
27939207	161	163	Ni	T123,T196	C0028013
27939207	165	167	As	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
27939207	169	171	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
27939207	177	179	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
27939207	197	199	PM	T167	C1720884
27939207	200	219	adversely affecting	T046	C0879626
27939207	220	225	human	T016	C0086418
27939207	226	232	health	T078	C0018684
27939207	250	256	source	T033	C0449416
27939207	268	280	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27939207	293	299	source	T033	C0449416
27939207	302	310	specific	T080	C0205369
27939207	328	339	heavy metal	T196	C0347988
27939207	340	351	health risk	T061	C0679809
27939207	353	357	HMHR	T061	C0679809
27939207	368	377	effective	T080	C1704419
27939207	419	424	risks	T078	C0035647
27939207	430	441	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27939207	442	454	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27939207	458	463	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
27939207	465	483	particulate matter	T167	C1720884
27939207	485	487	PM	T167	C1720884
27939207	494	514	aerodynamic diameter	T081	C1301886
27939207	580	600	Multilinear Engine 2	T073,T170	C0037585
27939207	602	605	ME2	T073,T170	C0037585
27939207	613	628	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
27939207	629	634	model	T170	C0596657
27939207	668	676	quantify	T081	C1709793
27939207	677	683	source	T033	C0449416
27939207	684	697	contributions	T052	C1880177
27939207	701	705	HMHR	T061	C0679809
27939207	717	728	heavy metal	T196	C0347988
27939207	729	744	non-cancer risk	T033	C1513916
27939207	746	754	non-HMCR	T033	C1513916
27939207	760	771	cancer risk	T081	C0596244
27939207	773	777	HMCR	T081	C0596244
27939207	793	798	model	T170	C0596657
27939207	807	815	ME2-HMHR	T170	C0596657
27939207	839	845	source	T033	C0449416
27939207	846	859	contributions	T052	C1880177
27939207	863	875	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27939207	907	910	ME2	T073,T170	C0037585
27939207	911	916	model	T170	C0596657
27939207	929	935	source	T033	C0449416
27939207	936	949	contributions	T052	C1880177
27939207	984	999	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
27939207	1000	1005	model	T170	C0596657
27939207	1023	1029	source	T033	C0449416
27939207	1030	1043	contributions	T052	C1880177
27939207	1047	1051	HMHR	T061	C0679809
27939207	1081	1086	Huzou	T083	C0008115
27939207	1088	1093	China	T083	C0008115
27939207	1115	1122	sources	T033	C0449416
27939207	1140	1144	Soil	T167	C0037592
27939207	1145	1149	dust	T167	C0013330
27939207	1165	1171	source	T033	C0449416
27939207	1175	1183	non-HMCR	T033	C1513916
27939207	1189	1193	HMCR	T081	C0596244
27939207	1199	1205	source	T033	C0449416
27939207	1206	1219	contributions	T052	C1880177
27939207	1223	1227	soil	T167	C0037592
27939207	1228	1232	dust	T167	C0013330
27939207	1234	1238	coal	T109	C0009131
27939207	1239	1249	combustion	T073	C0681531
27939207	1251	1262	cement dust	T033	C2220339
27939207	1258	1262	dust	T167	C0013330
27939207	1264	1271	vehicle	T131	C0004380
27939207	1287	1294	sources	T033	C0449416
27939207	1390	1394	soil	T167	C0037592
27939207	1395	1399	dust	T167	C0013330
27939207	1415	1426	contributor	T052	C1880177
27939207	1430	1434	HMCR	T081	C0596244
27939207	1461	1467	impact	T080	C4049986
27939207	1471	1475	soil	T167	C0037592
27939207	1476	1480	dust	T167	C0013330
27939207	1484	1489	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
27939207	1498	1507	abundance	T080	C2346714
27939207	1511	1523	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
27939207	1527	1531	soil	T167	C0037592
27939207	1532	1536	dust	T167	C0013330

27939354|t|Antinociceptive effect of tebanicline for various noxious stimuli -induced behaviours in mice
27939354|a|Tebanicline (ABT-594), an analogue of epibatidine, exhibits potent antinociceptive effects and high affinity for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the central nervous system. We assessed whether tebanicline exerts an effect on various noxious stimuli and mediates the nicotine receptor or opioid receptor through stimulation. The antinociceptive effects of tebanicline were determined by noxious chemical, thermal and mechanical stimuli -induced behaviours in mice. Tebanicline had dose-dependent analgesic effects in formalin, hot-plate and tail-pressure tests. By contrast, the antinociceptive effect of tebanicline was not demonstrated in the tail-flick assay. Pre-treatment with mecamylamine, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, blocked the effects of tebanicline in formalin, tail-pressure and hot-plate tests. Moreover, pre-treatment with naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, only partially inhibited the effects of tebanicline in formalin and tail-pressure tests. Tebanicline produced antinociception in persistent chemical (formalin), acute thermal (hot-plate, but not tail-flick) and mechanical (tail-pressure) pain states. Moreover, tebanicline stimulated the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and opioid receptor.
27939354	0	22	Antinociceptive effect	T169	C0728866
27939354	26	37	tebanicline	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	50	65	noxious stimuli	T033	C4060721
27939354	75	85	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27939354	89	93	mice	T015	C0025929
27939354	94	105	Tebanicline	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	107	114	ABT-594	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	132	143	epibatidine	T109,T121	C0219269
27939354	161	184	antinociceptive effects	T169	C0728866
27939354	189	202	high affinity	T070	C1510827
27939354	211	243	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor	T116,T192	C0034830
27939354	251	273	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
27939354	295	306	tebanicline	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	317	323	effect	T080	C1280500
27939354	335	350	noxious stimuli	T033	C4060721
27939354	368	385	nicotine receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27939354	389	404	opioid receptor	T116,T192	C0034801
27939354	413	424	stimulation	T044	C0038337
27939354	430	453	antinociceptive effects	T169	C0728866
27939354	457	468	tebanicline	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	488	504	noxious chemical	T131	C1254354
27939354	506	513	thermal	T038	C1621333
27939354	518	536	mechanical stimuli	T040	C1155310
27939354	546	556	behaviours	T053	C0004927
27939354	560	564	mice	T015	C0025929
27939354	566	577	Tebanicline	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	582	596	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
27939354	597	614	analgesic effects	T033	C0948482
27939354	618	626	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0949307
27939354	628	661	hot-plate and tail-pressure tests	T059	C0022885
27939354	680	702	antinociceptive effect	T169	C0728866
27939354	706	717	tebanicline	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	746	762	tail-flick assay	T059	C1510438
27939354	764	777	Pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
27939354	783	795	mecamylamine	T109,T121	C0025029
27939354	799	842	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist	T121	C0242956
27939354	844	851	blocked	T169	C0332206
27939354	867	878	tebanicline	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	882	890	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0949307
27939354	892	925	tail-pressure and hot-plate tests	T059	C0022885
27939354	937	950	pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
27939354	956	964	naloxone	T109	C0027358
27939354	969	995	opioid receptor antagonist	T121	C3536879
27939354	1002	1021	partially inhibited	T080	C0311403
27939354	1037	1048	tebanicline	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	1052	1060	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0949307
27939354	1065	1084	tail-pressure tests	T059	C0022885
27939354	1086	1097	Tebanicline	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	1107	1122	antinociception	T042	C1254358
27939354	1126	1136	persistent	T079	C0205322
27939354	1137	1145	chemical	T103	C0220806
27939354	1147	1155	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0949307
27939354	1164	1171	thermal	T070	C0018837
27939354	1173	1182	hot-plate	T059	C0022885
27939354	1208	1218	mechanical	T169	C0443254
27939354	1220	1233	tail-pressure	T059	C0022885
27939354	1235	1246	pain states	T033	C4062486
27939354	1258	1269	tebanicline	T109,T121	C2699899
27939354	1270	1280	stimulated	T044	C0038337
27939354	1285	1317	nicotinic acetylcholine receptor	T116,T192	C0034830
27939354	1322	1337	opioid receptor	T116,T192	C0034801

27939374|t|Mesenchymal stromal cell - secreted chemerin is a novel immunomodulatory molecule driving the migration of ChemR23 - expressing cells
27939374|a|Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells characterized by broad immunomodulatory properties exploited for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. However, the efficacy of MSC -based therapy is highly variable and tightly linked to MSC culture conditions and treatment schedule. Thus, the identification of novel key molecules regulating MSC immunomodulatory activities in vivo might constitute a crucial step toward the optimization of currently available clinical protocols. In this regard, herein, we sought to determine whether the newly identified chemotactic protein, chemerin, plays a role in MSC -mediated regulation of inflammation. Chemerin production by human MSCs was investigated under different culture conditions using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After purification, MSC - secreted chemerin was identified using mass spectrometry analysis and the biological activity of secreted isoforms was evaluated using migration assay. Bone marrow - derived MSCs secrete chemerin and express its receptors ChemR23 and CCRL2. Chemerin production is dependent on culture conditions and increases upon stimulation with inflammatory cytokines. In particular, platelet lysate (PL)- MSCs produce higher levels of chemerin compared with fetal bovine serum (FBS)- MSCs. Furthermore, chemerin is secreted by MSCs as an inactive precursor, which can be converted into its active form by exogenous chemerin - activating serine and cysteine proteases. Our data indicate that, in response to various inflammatory stimuli, MSCs secrete high amounts of inactive chemerin, which can then be activated by inflammation - induced tissue proteases. In light of these initial findings, we propose that further analysis of chemerin functions in vivo might constitute a crucial step toward optimizing MSC -based therapy for inflammatory diseases.
27939374	0	24	Mesenchymal stromal cell	T025	C3178844
27939374	27	35	secreted	T043	C1327616
27939374	36	44	chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	56	81	immunomodulatory molecule	T061	C1963758
27939374	94	103	migration	T039	C1533574
27939374	107	114	ChemR23	T116,T192	C1307877
27939374	117	127	expressing	T045	C0597360
27939374	134	159	Mesenchymal stromal cells	T025	C3178844
27939374	161	165	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27939374	171	188	multipotent cells	T025	C1136335
27939374	212	239	immunomodulatory properties	T061	C1963758
27939374	258	267	treatment	T061	C0087111
27939374	271	293	inflammatory disorders	T047	C1290884
27939374	308	316	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27939374	320	323	MSC	T025	C3178844
27939374	331	338	therapy	T061	C0087111
27939374	342	348	highly	T080	C0205250
27939374	349	357	variable	T080	C0439828
27939374	380	383	MSC	T025	C3178844
27939374	384	402	culture conditions	T059	C0007585
27939374	407	425	treatment schedule	T061	C0040808
27939374	437	451	identification	UnknownType	C0679807
27939374	461	474	key molecules	T123	C0574031
27939374	486	489	MSC	T025	C3178844
27939374	490	517	immunomodulatory activities	T061	C1963758
27939374	518	525	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27939374	545	557	crucial step	T077	C1261552
27939374	569	581	optimization	T052	C2698650
27939374	605	623	clinical protocols	T061	C0008971
27939374	690	700	identified	T080	C0205396
27939374	701	730	chemotactic protein, chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	748	751	MSC	T025	C3178844
27939374	762	772	regulation	T038	C1327622
27939374	776	788	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27939374	790	798	Chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	799	809	production	T169	C0005572
27939374	813	818	human	T016	C0086418
27939374	819	823	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27939374	828	840	investigated	T169	C1292732
27939374	847	856	different	T080	C1705242
27939374	857	875	culture conditions	T059	C0007585
27939374	882	915	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
27939374	917	922	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27939374	931	943	purification	T169	C1998793
27939374	945	948	MSC	T025	C3178844
27939374	951	959	secreted	T043	C1327616
27939374	960	968	chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	973	983	identified	T080	C0205396
27939374	990	1007	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
27939374	1008	1016	analysis	T062	C0936012
27939374	1025	1044	biological activity	T169	C0599112
27939374	1048	1056	secreted	T043	C1327616
27939374	1057	1065	isoforms	T116	C0597298
27939374	1086	1101	migration assay	T059	C1513300
27939374	1103	1114	Bone marrow	T024	C0005953
27939374	1117	1124	derived	T080	C1441547
27939374	1125	1129	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27939374	1130	1137	secrete	T043	C1327616
27939374	1138	1146	chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	1151	1158	express	T045	C0597360
27939374	1163	1180	receptors ChemR23	T116,T192	C1307877
27939374	1185	1190	CCRL2	T116,T192	C1453427
27939374	1192	1200	Chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	1201	1211	production	T169	C0005572
27939374	1215	1224	dependent	T080	C0851827
27939374	1228	1246	culture conditions	T059	C0007585
27939374	1251	1260	increases	T169	C0442805
27939374	1266	1277	stimulation	T061	C1292856
27939374	1283	1295	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27939374	1296	1305	cytokines	T043	C0010813
27939374	1322	1337	platelet lysate	T025	C0005821
27939374	1344	1348	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27939374	1357	1363	higher	T080	C0205250
27939374	1364	1370	levels	T080	C0441889
27939374	1374	1382	chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	1383	1391	compared	T052	C1707455
27939374	1397	1415	fetal bovine serum	T130	C3812213
27939374	1417	1420	FBS	T130	C3812213
27939374	1423	1427	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27939374	1442	1450	chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	1454	1462	secreted	T043	C1327616
27939374	1466	1470	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27939374	1477	1485	inactive	T080	C0205254
27939374	1486	1495	precursor	T078	C1709634
27939374	1529	1535	active	T169	C0205177
27939374	1544	1553	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27939374	1554	1562	chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	1565	1575	activating	T052	C1879547
27939374	1576	1582	serine	T116,T126	C2717971
27939374	1587	1605	cysteine proteases	T116,T126	C0769345
27939374	1611	1615	data	T078	C1511726
27939374	1634	1642	response	T032	C0871261
27939374	1654	1666	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27939374	1667	1674	stimuli	T067	C0234402
27939374	1676	1680	MSCs	T025	C3178844
27939374	1681	1688	secrete	T043	C1327616
27939374	1689	1693	high	T080	C0205250
27939374	1694	1701	amounts	T081	C1265611
27939374	1705	1713	inactive	T080	C0205254
27939374	1714	1722	chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	1742	1751	activated	T052	C1879547
27939374	1755	1767	inflammation	T046	C0021368
27939374	1770	1777	induced	T169	C0205263
27939374	1778	1784	tissue	T024	C0040300
27939374	1785	1794	proteases	T116,T126	C0030940
27939374	1822	1830	findings	T033	C0243095
27939374	1856	1864	analysis	T062	C0936012
27939374	1868	1876	chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
27939374	1877	1886	functions	T169	C0542341
27939374	1887	1894	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27939374	1914	1926	crucial step	T077	C1261552
27939374	1934	1944	optimizing	T052	C2698650
27939374	1945	1948	MSC	T025	C3178844
27939374	1956	1963	therapy	T061	C0087111
27939374	1968	1989	inflammatory diseases	T047	C1290884

27939879|t|Trends in Adolescent Overweight Perception and Its Association With Psychosomatic Health 2002-2014: Evidence From 33 Countries
27939879|a|Perceiving oneself as overweight is common and strongly associated with adolescents' subjective well-being. The prevalence of overweight perceptions and their impact on well-being may have increased over the past decade due to an increase in the salience of weight-related issues. This study examines trends (2002-2014) in the prevalence of adolescent overweight perceptions and their association with psychosomatic complaints. Data from 15-year-old adolescents were obtained between 2002 and 2014 in four rounds of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study in 33 countries in Europe and North America (N = 187,511). Design-adjusted logistic regressions were used to quantify changes in overweight perceptions over time. Linear modeling was used to assess change in the association between perceived overweight and self-reported psychosomatic complaint burden, adjusting for overweight status. Among boys, 10 of 33 countries saw an increase in overweight perceptions between 2002 and 2014, with Russia, Estonia, and Latvia showing the most pronounced year-on-year increases. Only England, France, Germany, and Norway saw an increase in the positive association between overweight perceptions and psychosomatic complaints among boys. Among girls, most countries (28/33) saw no change in the prevalence of overweight perceptions, with the prevalence over 40% in most nations. However, in 12 countries, the association between overweight perceptions and psychosomatic complaints increased among girls, with particularly strong changes seen in Scotland and Norway. Evidence is presented which suggests that for adolescent girls in 12 Northern and Western European countries and for boys in four perceiving oneself as overweight may be increasingly deleterious for psychosomatic health.
27939879	0	6	Trends	T079	C0040833
27939879	10	20	Adolescent	T100	C0205653
27939879	21	31	Overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	32	42	Perception	T041	C0030971
27939879	51	62	Association	T080	C0332281
27939879	68	81	Psychosomatic	T078	C0243157
27939879	82	88	Health	T078	C0018684
27939879	100	108	Evidence	T078	C3887511
27939879	117	126	Countries	T083	C0454664
27939879	127	137	Perceiving	T041	C0030971
27939879	149	159	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	183	193	associated	T080	C0332281
27939879	199	211	adolescents'	T100	C0205653
27939879	212	233	subjective well-being	UnknownType	C0814111
27939879	239	249	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27939879	253	263	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	264	275	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27939879	286	292	impact	T080	C4049986
27939879	296	306	well-being	T078	C0018684
27939879	316	325	increased	T081	C0205217
27939879	357	365	increase	T169	C0442805
27939879	385	406	weight-related issues	T184	C0848241
27939879	428	434	trends	T079	C0040833
27939879	454	464	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27939879	468	478	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27939879	479	489	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	490	501	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27939879	512	523	association	T080	C0332281
27939879	529	542	psychosomatic	T078	C0243157
27939879	543	553	complaints	T184	C0871764
27939879	577	588	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27939879	647	663	Health Behaviour	T055	C0237121
27939879	667	687	School-aged Children	T100	C0008059
27939879	688	693	study	T062	C2603343
27939879	700	709	countries	T083	C0454664
27939879	713	719	Europe	T083	C0015176
27939879	724	737	North America	T083	C0028405
27939879	753	789	Design-adjusted logistic regressions	T062	C0206031
27939879	803	811	quantify	T081	C1709793
27939879	823	833	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	834	845	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27939879	857	872	Linear modeling	T081	C0023732
27939879	906	917	association	T080	C0332281
27939879	926	935	perceived	T041	C0030971
27939879	936	946	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	965	978	psychosomatic	T078	C0243157
27939879	979	995	complaint burden	T078	C2828008
27939879	1011	1021	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	1036	1040	boys	T100	C0870221
27939879	1051	1060	countries	T083	C0454664
27939879	1068	1076	increase	T169	C0442805
27939879	1080	1090	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	1091	1102	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27939879	1131	1137	Russia	T083	C0035970
27939879	1139	1146	Estonia	T083	C0014908
27939879	1152	1158	Latvia	T083	C0023128
27939879	1216	1223	England	T083	C0014282
27939879	1225	1231	France	T083	C0016674
27939879	1233	1240	Germany	T083	C0017480
27939879	1246	1252	Norway	T083	C0028423
27939879	1260	1268	increase	T169	C0442805
27939879	1276	1284	positive	T033	C1446409
27939879	1285	1296	association	T080	C0332281
27939879	1305	1315	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	1316	1327	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27939879	1332	1345	psychosomatic	T078	C0243157
27939879	1346	1356	complaints	T184	C0871764
27939879	1363	1367	boys	T100	C0870221
27939879	1375	1380	girls	T100	C0001588
27939879	1387	1396	countries	T083	C0454664
27939879	1409	1418	no change	T033	C0442739
27939879	1426	1436	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27939879	1440	1450	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	1451	1462	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27939879	1473	1483	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27939879	1501	1508	nations	T092	C1555720
27939879	1525	1534	countries	T083	C0454664
27939879	1540	1551	association	T080	C0332281
27939879	1560	1570	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	1571	1582	perceptions	T041	C0030971
27939879	1587	1600	psychosomatic	T078	C0243157
27939879	1601	1611	complaints	T184	C0871764
27939879	1612	1621	increased	T081	C0205217
27939879	1628	1633	girls	T098	C0043210
27939879	1653	1667	strong changes	T081	C0443172
27939879	1676	1684	Scotland	T083	C0036453
27939879	1689	1695	Norway	T083	C0028423
27939879	1743	1759	adolescent girls	T100	C0001588
27939879	1766	1774	Northern	T083	C0028413
27939879	1779	1786	Western	T083	C0043129
27939879	1787	1805	European countries	T083	C0454713
27939879	1814	1818	boys	T100	C0870221
27939879	1827	1837	perceiving	T041	C0030971
27939879	1849	1859	overweight	T184	C0497406
27939879	1896	1909	psychosomatic	T078	C0243157

27940059|t|Use of the levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system in adolescent and young adult solid organ transplant recipients: a case series
27940059|a|This case series reports on the safety and efficacy of the levonorgestrel 52-mg intrauterine system in adolescent and young adult solid organ transplant recipients. All patients used the device for contraception, with no documented cases of disseminated pelvic infection or unplanned pregnancy.
27940059	11	25	levonorgestrel	T109,T121,T125	C0023566
27940059	32	51	intrauterine system	T169	C1522228
27940059	55	65	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27940059	70	81	young adult	T100	C0238598
27940059	82	104	solid organ transplant	T061	C0730400
27940059	105	115	recipients	T101	C0376387
27940059	119	130	case series	T062	C0150093
27940059	136	147	case series	T062	C0150093
27940059	148	155	reports	T062,T170	C0242278
27940059	163	169	safety	T080	C0678800
27940059	174	182	efficacy	T080	C0598333
27940059	190	204	levonorgestrel	T109,T121,T125	C0023566
27940059	211	230	intrauterine system	T169	C1522228
27940059	234	244	adolescent	T100	C0205653
27940059	249	260	young adult	T100	C0238598
27940059	261	283	solid organ transplant	T061	C0730400
27940059	284	294	recipients	T101	C0376387
27940059	300	308	patients	T101	C0030705
27940059	318	324	device	T074	C0009886
27940059	329	342	contraception	T061	C0700589
27940059	352	362	documented	T058	C1301725
27940059	372	384	disseminated	T082	C0205221
27940059	385	401	pelvic infection	T047	C0030790
27940059	405	424	unplanned pregnancy	T033	C0041747

27940380|t|Biomimetic biodegradable artificial antigen presenting cells synergize with PD-1 blockade to treat melanoma
27940380|a|Biomimetic materials that target the immune system and generate an anti-tumor responses hold promise in augmenting cancer immunotherapy. These synthetic materials can be engineered and optimized for their biodegradability, physical parameters such as shape and size, and controlled release of immune-modulators. As these new platforms enter the playing field, it is imperative to understand their interaction with existing immunotherapies since single - targeted approaches have limited efficacy. Here, we investigate the synergy between a PLGA -based artificial antigen presenting cell (aAPC) and a checkpoint blockade molecule, anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody (mAb). The combination of antigen - specific aAPC -based activation and anti-PD-1 mAb checkpoint blockade induced the greatest IFN-γ secretion by CD8+ T cells in vitro. Combination treatment also acted synergistically in an in vivo murine melanoma model to result in delayed tumor growth and extended survival, while either treatment alone had no effect. This was shown mechanistically to be due to decreased PD-1 expression and increased antigen - specific proliferation of CD8+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment and spleen. Thus, biomaterial -based therapy can synergize with other immunotherapies and motivates the translation of biomimetic combinatorial treatments.
27940380	0	10	Biomimetic	T073	C1136386
27940380	11	24	biodegradable	T169	C0220796
27940380	25	35	artificial	T073	C2936320
27940380	36	60	antigen presenting cells	T025	C0003315
27940380	61	70	synergize	T080	C0205195
27940380	76	89	PD-1 blockade	T121	C3883362
27940380	93	98	treat	T169	C1522326
27940380	99	107	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27940380	108	128	Biomimetic materials	T073	C1136386
27940380	134	140	target	T169	C1521840
27940380	145	158	immune system	T022	C0020962
27940380	175	195	anti-tumor responses	T042	C1516031
27940380	212	222	augmenting	T081	C0205217
27940380	223	243	cancer immunotherapy	T061	C0278348
27940380	251	270	synthetic materials	T073	C0440251
27940380	278	288	engineered	T052	C0441655
27940380	293	302	optimized	T052	C0441655
27940380	313	329	biodegradability	T169	C0220796
27940380	331	350	physical parameters	T033	C0449381
27940380	359	364	shape	T082	C0332479
27940380	369	373	size	T082	C0456389
27940380	379	397	controlled release	T079	C0868939
27940380	401	418	immune-modulators	T121,T129	C0005525
27940380	433	442	platforms	T075	C1710360
27940380	505	516	interaction	T169	C1704675
27940380	531	546	immunotherapies	T061	C0021083
27940380	553	559	single	T081	C0205171
27940380	562	581	targeted approaches	T061	C2985566
27940380	587	594	limited	T169	C0439801
27940380	595	603	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27940380	614	625	investigate	T169	C1292732
27940380	630	637	synergy	T169	C0205245
27940380	648	652	PLGA	T109,T122	C0071599
27940380	660	670	artificial	T073	C2936320
27940380	671	694	antigen presenting cell	T025	C0003315
27940380	696	700	aAPC	T025	C0003315
27940380	708	727	checkpoint blockade	T043	C3544497
27940380	728	736	molecule	T167	C0567416
27940380	738	772	anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody (mAb)	T116,T121,T129	C4289970
27940380	778	789	combination	T080	C0205195
27940380	793	800	antigen	T129	C0003320
27940380	803	811	specific	T080	C0205369
27940380	812	816	aAPC	T025	C0003315
27940380	824	834	activation	T043	C1326120
27940380	839	852	anti-PD-1 mAb	T116,T121,T129	C4289970
27940380	853	872	checkpoint blockade	T043	C3544497
27940380	873	880	induced	T169	C0205263
27940380	894	909	IFN-γ secretion	T043	C3156720
27940380	913	925	CD8+ T cells	T025	C0242629
27940380	926	934	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27940380	936	957	Combination treatment	T061	C0009429
27940380	969	984	synergistically	T080	C2986495
27940380	991	998	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27940380	999	1005	murine	T109,T121	C0591833
27940380	1006	1014	melanoma	T191	C0025202
27940380	1015	1020	model	T170	C3161035
27940380	1034	1041	delayed	T079	C0205421
27940380	1042	1054	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27940380	1068	1076	survival	T169	C0220921
27940380	1091	1100	treatment	T061	C0087111
27940380	1111	1120	no effect	T080	C1301751
27940380	1166	1175	decreased	T081	C0205216
27940380	1176	1180	PD-1	T121	C3883362
27940380	1181	1191	expression	T045	C0597360
27940380	1196	1205	increased	T081	C0205217
27940380	1206	1213	antigen	T129	C0003320
27940380	1216	1224	specific	T080	C0205369
27940380	1225	1238	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27940380	1242	1254	CD8+ T cells	T025	C0242629
27940380	1266	1288	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
27940380	1293	1299	spleen	T023	C0037993
27940380	1307	1318	biomaterial	T122	C0005479
27940380	1326	1333	therapy	T061	C0087111
27940380	1338	1347	synergize	T080	C0205195
27940380	1359	1374	immunotherapies	T061	C0021083
27940380	1408	1418	biomimetic	T073	C1136386
27940380	1419	1443	combinatorial treatments	T061	C0009429

27940576|t|Aspirin Suppresses Growth in PI3K - Mutant Breast Cancer by Activating AMPK and Inhibiting mTORC1 Signaling
27940576|a|Despite the high incidence of oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of PI3K, PI3K inhibitors have yielded little clinical benefit for breast cancer patients. Recent epidemiologic studies have suggested a therapeutic benefit from aspirin intake in cancers harboring oncogenic PIK3CA Here, we show that mutant PIK3CA - expressing breast cancer cells have greater sensitivity to aspirin -mediated growth suppression than their wild-type counterparts. Aspirin decreased viability and anchorage-independent growth of mutant PIK3CA breast cancer cells independently of its effects on COX-2 and NF-κB. We ascribed the effects of aspirin to AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, mTORC1 inhibition, and autophagy induction. In vivo, oncogenic PIK3CA -driven mouse mammary tumors treated daily with aspirin resulted in decreased tumor growth kinetics, whereas combination therapy of aspirin and a PI3K inhibitor further attenuated tumor growth. Our study supports the evaluation of aspirin and PI3K pathway inhibitors as a combination therapy for targeting breast cancer. Cancer Res; 77(3); 790-801. ©2016 AACR.
27940576	0	7	Aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27940576	8	18	Suppresses	T169	C1260953
27940576	19	25	Growth	T040	C0018270
27940576	29	33	PI3K	T028	C1335212
27940576	36	42	Mutant	T028	C0678941
27940576	43	56	Breast Cancer	T191	C0678222
27940576	60	70	Activating	T045	C0599177
27940576	71	75	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27940576	80	90	Inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27940576	91	97	mTORC1	T116,T123	C2975458
27940576	125	134	incidence	T081	C0021149
27940576	138	147	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
27940576	148	157	mutations	T045	C0026882
27940576	161	167	PIK3CA	T028	C1335212
27940576	173	186	gene encoding	T028	C3839127
27940576	191	208	catalytic subunit	T087	C0600499
27940576	212	216	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
27940576	218	222	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
27940576	223	233	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
27940576	254	270	clinical benefit	T033	C1333602
27940576	275	288	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27940576	289	297	patients	T101	C0030705
27940576	299	305	Recent	T079	C0332185
27940576	306	327	epidemiologic studies	T062	C0002783
27940576	333	342	suggested	T078	C1705535
27940576	345	356	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27940576	357	364	benefit	T081	C0814225
27940576	370	377	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27940576	388	395	cancers	T191	C0006826
27940576	406	422	oncogenic PIK3CA	T116,T126	C0044602
27940576	442	448	mutant	T028	C0678941
27940576	449	455	PIK3CA	T116,T126	C0044602
27940576	458	468	expressing	T045	C0017262
27940576	469	488	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27940576	502	513	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
27940576	517	524	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27940576	535	541	growth	T043	C0007595
27940576	542	553	suppression	T043	C0007613
27940576	565	574	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27940576	589	596	Aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27940576	597	606	decreased	T081	C0205216
27940576	607	616	viability	T043	C0007620
27940576	621	649	anchorage-independent growth	T059	C1515979
27940576	653	659	mutant	T028	C0678941
27940576	660	666	PIK3CA	T116,T126	C0044602
27940576	667	686	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
27940576	687	700	independently	T033	C1299583
27940576	708	715	effects	T080	C1280500
27940576	719	724	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
27940576	729	734	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27940576	752	762	effects of	T080	C1704420
27940576	763	770	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27940576	774	802	AMP-activated protein kinase	T116,T126	C2350345
27940576	804	808	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
27940576	810	820	activation	T045	C0599177
27940576	822	828	mTORC1	T116,T123	C2975459
27940576	829	839	inhibition	T043	C1519312
27940576	845	854	autophagy	T043	C0004391
27940576	875	884	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
27940576	885	891	PIK3CA	T116,T126	C0044602
27940576	900	905	mouse	T015	C0025929
27940576	906	920	mammary tumors	T191	C1458155
27940576	921	928	treated	T169	C1522326
27940576	940	947	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27940576	960	969	decreased	T081	C0205216
27940576	970	982	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27940576	983	991	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27940576	1001	1012	combination	T080	C0205195
27940576	1013	1020	therapy	T061	C0087111
27940576	1024	1031	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27940576	1038	1042	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
27940576	1043	1052	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
27940576	1061	1071	attenuated	T052	C0599946
27940576	1072	1084	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
27940576	1109	1119	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27940576	1123	1130	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
27940576	1135	1139	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
27940576	1148	1158	inhibitors	T121	C1254351
27940576	1164	1175	combination	T080	C0205195
27940576	1176	1183	therapy	T061	C0087111
27940576	1188	1197	targeting	T169	C1521840
27940576	1198	1211	breast cancer	T191	C0678222

27940904|t|Predicting Zambian Grandmothers ' Sensitivity Toward Their Grandchildren
27940904|a|Whereas child care by grandmothers is widespread in the African cultural context, few studies have examined predictors of the quality of grandmaternal care in Africa. In the current study, we collected observational data to investigate predictors of the quality of grandmother - grandchild interactions in Zambia. Data were collected from 46 grandmothers and their 12 to 27- month -old infant grandchildren. The results revealed that grandmothers with fewer children and those who enjoyed the grandparenting tasks more were more sensitive in their interactions with their grandchildren. Unexpectedly, parenting beliefs favoring sensitive parenting predicted lower observed sensitivity in grandmothers. Further, grandmothers with a more individualistic cultural orientation were more intrusive toward their grandchildren. The results underscore the importance of time and emotional resources as predictors of sensitive parenting among grandmothers.
27940904	0	10	Predicting	T078	C0681842
27940904	11	18	Zambian	T098	C1257890
27940904	19	31	Grandmothers	T099	C0337474
27940904	34	45	Sensitivity	T041	C0312418
27940904	59	72	Grandchildren	T099	C0337548
27940904	81	91	child care	T054	C0008091
27940904	95	107	grandmothers	T099	C0337474
27940904	111	121	widespread	T082	C0205391
27940904	129	136	African	T098	C0027567
27940904	137	153	cultural context	T077	C0282495
27940904	159	166	studies	T062	C2603343
27940904	172	180	examined	T033	C0332128
27940904	181	191	predictors	T078	C2698872
27940904	199	206	quality	T080	C0332306
27940904	210	228	grandmaternal care	T052	C1947933
27940904	232	238	Africa	T083	C0001737
27940904	247	254	current	T079	C0521116
27940904	255	260	study	T062	C2603343
27940904	265	293	collected observational data	T033	C4019276
27940904	297	308	investigate	T169	C1292732
27940904	309	319	predictors	T078	C2698872
27940904	327	334	quality	T080	C0332306
27940904	338	349	grandmother	T099	C0337474
27940904	352	362	grandchild	T099	C0337548
27940904	363	375	interactions	T033	C0037420
27940904	379	385	Zambia	T083	C0043445
27940904	387	406	Data were collected	T033	C4019276
27940904	415	427	grandmothers	T099	C0337474
27940904	448	453	month	T079	C0439231
27940904	459	465	infant	T100	C0021270
27940904	466	479	grandchildren	T099	C0337548
27940904	485	492	results	T033	C0243095
27940904	493	501	revealed	T080	C0443289
27940904	507	519	grandmothers	T099	C0337474
27940904	525	530	fewer	T081	C0205388
27940904	531	539	children	T099	C0337548
27940904	554	561	enjoyed	T041	C0018592
27940904	566	580	grandparenting	T054	C0085092
27940904	581	586	tasks	T057	C3540678
27940904	597	611	more sensitive	T033	C0243095
27940904	621	633	interactions	T033	C0037420
27940904	645	658	grandchildren	T099	C0337548
27940904	674	683	parenting	T054	C0085092
27940904	684	691	beliefs	T078	C0004951
27940904	701	710	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27940904	711	720	parenting	T054	C0085092
27940904	721	730	predicted	T078	C0681842
27940904	731	736	lower	T052	C2003888
27940904	737	745	observed	T169	C1441672
27940904	746	757	sensitivity	T041	C0312418
27940904	761	773	grandmothers	T099	C0337474
27940904	784	796	grandmothers	T099	C0337474
27940904	809	845	individualistic cultural orientation	T169	C0220814
27940904	851	865	more intrusive	T033	C0243095
27940904	879	892	grandchildren	T099	C0337548
27940904	898	905	results	T033	C0243095
27940904	935	939	time	T079	C0040223
27940904	944	953	emotional	T033	C0849912
27940904	967	977	predictors	T078	C2698872
27940904	981	990	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27940904	991	1000	parenting	T054	C0085092
27940904	1007	1019	grandmothers	T099	C0337474

27940951|t|APOBEC3A/B -induced mutagenesis is responsible for 20% of heritable mutations in the TpCpW context
27940951|a|APOBEC3A/B cytidine deaminase is responsible for the majority of cancerous mutations in a large fraction of cancer samples. However, its role in heritable mutagenesis remains very poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that both in yeast and in human cancerous cells, most APOBEC3A/B -induced mutations occur on the lagging strand during replication and on the nontemplate strand of transcribed regions. Here, we use data on rare human polymorphisms, interspecies divergence, and de novo mutations to study germline mutagenesis and to analyze mutations at nucleotide contexts prone to attack by APOBEC3A/B. We show that such mutations occur preferentially on the lagging strand and on nontemplate strands of transcribed regions. Moreover, we demonstrate that APOBEC3A/B -like mutations tend to produce strand-coordinated clusters, which are also biased toward the lagging strand. Finally, we show that the mutation rate is increased 3' of C→G mutations to a greater extent than 3' of C→T mutations, suggesting pervasive trans-lesion bypass of the APOBEC3A/B -induced damage. Our study demonstrates that 20% of C→T and C→G mutations in the TpCpW context-where W denotes A or T, segregating as polymorphisms in human population -or 1.4% of all heritable mutations are attributable to APOBEC3A/B activity.
27940951	0	10	APOBEC3A/B	T028	C3540384
27940951	20	31	mutagenesis	T044	C0079866
27940951	58	67	heritable	T169	C0439660
27940951	68	77	mutations	T045	C0596611
27940951	85	90	TpCpW	T086	C0314659
27940951	99	109	APOBEC3A/B	T028	C3540384
27940951	110	128	cytidine deaminase	T116,T126	C0010723
27940951	164	173	cancerous	T191	C0006826
27940951	174	183	mutations	T045	C0596611
27940951	207	213	cancer	T191	C0006826
27940951	214	221	samples	T167	C0370003
27940951	244	253	heritable	T169	C0439660
27940951	254	265	mutagenesis	T044	C0079866
27940951	344	349	yeast	T004	C0043393
27940951	357	362	human	T016	C0086418
27940951	363	378	cancerous cells	T025	C0334227
27940951	385	395	APOBEC3A/B	T028	C3540384
27940951	405	414	mutations	T045	C0596611
27940951	428	442	lagging strand	T114	C1704973
27940951	450	461	replication	T045	C0598312
27940951	473	491	nontemplate strand	T114	C1704973
27940951	495	514	transcribed regions	T028	C0079941
27940951	542	547	human	T016	C0086418
27940951	548	561	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
27940951	563	586	interspecies divergence	T045	C0917892
27940951	592	609	de novo mutations	T049	C2985439
27940951	619	639	germline mutagenesis	T045	C0206530
27940951	655	664	mutations	T045	C0596611
27940951	668	678	nucleotide	T114	C0028630
27940951	707	717	APOBEC3A/B	T028	C3540384
27940951	737	746	mutations	T045	C0596611
27940951	775	789	lagging strand	T114	C1704973
27940951	797	816	nontemplate strands	T114	C1704973
27940951	820	839	transcribed regions	T028	C0079941
27940951	871	881	APOBEC3A/B	T028	C3540384
27940951	888	897	mutations	T045	C0596611
27940951	933	941	clusters	T028	C0017258
27940951	976	990	lagging strand	T114	C1704973
27940951	1018	1031	mutation rate	T080	C3178846
27940951	1051	1064	C→G mutations	T045	C0079870
27940951	1096	1109	C→T mutations	T045	C0079870
27940951	1132	1151	trans-lesion bypass	T045	C1158535
27940951	1159	1169	APOBEC3A/B	T028	C3540384
27940951	1179	1185	damage	T049	C0012860
27940951	1222	1225	C→T	T045	C0079870
27940951	1230	1243	C→G mutations	T045	C0079870
27940951	1251	1256	TpCpW	T086	C0314659
27940951	1281	1282	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001413
27940951	1286	1287	T	T114	C0040090
27940951	1304	1317	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27940951	1321	1337	human population	T016	C0086418
27940951	1354	1363	heritable	T169	C0439660
27940951	1364	1373	mutations	T045	C0596611
27940951	1394	1404	APOBEC3A/B	T028	C3540384
27940951	1405	1413	activity	T045	C0314627

27941491|t|Low intensity sprint training with blood flow restriction improves 100 m dash
27941491|a|We investigated the effects of practical blood flow restriction (pBFR) of leg muscles during sprint training on the 100 m dash time in well-trained sport students. Participants performed 6x100 m sprints at 60-70% of their maximal 100 m sprinting speed twice a week for 6 weeks, either with (IG; n=12) or without pBFR (CG; n=12). The 100 m dash time significantly decreased more in the IG (-0.38±0.24 s) than in the CG (-0.16±0.17 s). The muscle thickness of the rectus femoris increased only in the IG, while no group by time interactions were found for the muscle thickness of the biceps femoris and the biceps brachii. The maximal isometric force, measured using a leg press, did not change in either group. However, the rate of force development improved in the IG. Growth hormone, testosterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and cortisol concentrations did not significantly differ between both groups at any measurement time point (pre, 1 min, 20 min, 120 min, and 24 h after the six all-out sprints of the first training session). The muscle damage marker h-FABP increased significantly more in the CG than in the IG. The pBFR improved the 100 m dash time significantly more than low - intensity sprint interval training alone. Other noted benefits of training with pBFR were a decreased level of muscle damage, a greater increase of the rectus femoris muscle thickness, and a higher rate of force development. However, the tested hormones were unable to explain the additional beneficial effects.
27941491	0	3	Low	T080	C0205251
27941491	4	13	intensity	T080	C0522510
27941491	14	29	sprint training	T061	C0454374
27941491	35	57	blood flow restriction	T065	C0220931
27941491	81	93	investigated	T169	C1292732
27941491	98	108	effects of	T080	C1704420
27941491	109	141	practical blood flow restriction	T065	C0220931
27941491	143	147	pBFR	T065	C0220931
27941491	152	163	leg muscles	T023	C0224456
27941491	171	186	sprint training	T061	C0454374
27941491	205	209	time	T079	C0040223
27941491	213	240	well-trained sport students	T098	C0038492
27941491	242	254	Participants	T098	C0679646
27941491	273	280	sprints	T056	C0035953
27941491	314	329	sprinting speed	T081	C0678536
27941491	330	342	twice a week	T079	C0556985
27941491	349	354	weeks	T079	C0439230
27941491	369	371	IG	T098	C2986530
27941491	390	394	pBFR	T065	C0220931
27941491	396	398	CG	T096	C0009932
27941491	422	426	time	T079	C0040223
27941491	441	450	decreased	T081	C0205216
27941491	463	465	IG	T098	C2986530
27941491	493	495	CG	T096	C0009932
27941491	516	522	muscle	T024	C0026845
27941491	523	532	thickness	T080	C1280412
27941491	540	554	rectus femoris	T023	C0584894
27941491	555	564	increased	T081	C0205217
27941491	577	579	IG	T098	C2986530
27941491	590	595	group	T078	C0441833
27941491	599	603	time	T079	C0040223
27941491	604	616	interactions	T169	C1704675
27941491	636	642	muscle	T024	C0026845
27941491	643	652	thickness	T080	C1280412
27941491	660	674	biceps femoris	T023	C0224449
27941491	683	697	biceps brachii	T023	C0559499
27941491	703	726	maximal isometric force	T081	C0392762
27941491	745	754	leg press	T056	C4054656
27941491	760	770	not change	T033	C0442739
27941491	781	786	group	T078	C0441833
27941491	801	826	rate of force development	T081	C0392762
27941491	843	845	IG	T098	C2986530
27941491	847	861	Growth hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0037663
27941491	863	875	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
27941491	877	905	insulin-like growth factor 1	T116,T123	C0021665
27941491	911	919	cortisol	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
27941491	920	934	concentrations	T081	C0392762
27941491	939	963	not significantly differ	T033	C0243095
27941491	977	983	groups	T078	C0441833
27941491	991	1002	measurement	T169	C0242485
27941491	1003	1013	time point	T079	C2348792
27941491	1075	1082	sprints	T056	C0035953
27941491	1096	1104	training	T065	C0220931
27941491	1105	1112	session	T051	C1883016
27941491	1119	1132	muscle damage	T020	C0410158
27941491	1133	1139	marker	T201	C0005516
27941491	1140	1146	h-FABP	T116,T123	C1312696
27941491	1147	1156	increased	T081	C0205217
27941491	1183	1185	CG	T096	C0009932
27941491	1198	1200	IG	T098	C2986530
27941491	1206	1210	pBFR	T065	C0220931
27941491	1235	1239	time	T079	C0040223
27941491	1264	1267	low	T080	C0205251
27941491	1270	1279	intensity	T080	C0522510
27941491	1280	1304	sprint interval training	T061	C0454374
27941491	1324	1332	benefits	T081	C0814225
27941491	1336	1344	training	T065	C0220931
27941491	1350	1354	pBFR	T065	C0220931
27941491	1362	1371	decreased	T081	C0205216
27941491	1372	1377	level	T080	C0441889
27941491	1381	1394	muscle damage	T020	C0410158
27941491	1406	1414	increase	T169	C0442805
27941491	1422	1443	rectus femoris muscle	T023	C0584894
27941491	1444	1453	thickness	T080	C1280412
27941491	1461	1467	higher	T080	C0205250
27941491	1468	1493	rate of force development	T081	C0392762
27941491	1508	1514	tested	T169	C0039593
27941491	1515	1523	hormones	T125	C0019932
27941491	1562	1580	beneficial effects	T080	C1280500

27941576|t|Sedation of Patients With Disorders of Consciousness During Neuroimaging: Effects on Resting State Functional Brain Connectivity
27941576|a|To reduce head movement during resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, post-coma patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) are frequently sedated with propofol. However, little is known about the effects of this sedation on the brain connectivity patterns in the damaged brain essential for differential diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to assess these effects. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging 3T data obtained over several years of scanning patients for diagnostic and research purposes, we employed a seed-based approach to examine resting state connectivity in higher-order (default mode, bilateral external control, and salience) and lower-order (auditory, sensorimotor, and visual) resting state networks and connectivity with the thalamus, in 20 healthy unsedated controls, 8 unsedated patients with DOC, and 8 patients with DOC sedated with propofol. The DOC groups were matched for age at onset, etiology, time spent in DOC, diagnosis, standardized behavioral assessment scores, movement intensities, and pattern of structural brain injury (as assessed with T1-based voxel-based morphometry). DOC were associated with severely impaired resting state network connectivity in all but the visual network. Thalamic connectivity to higher-order network regions was also reduced. Propofol administration to patients was associated with minor further decreases in thalamic and insular connectivity. Our findings indicate that connectivity decreases associated with propofol sedation, involving the thalamus and insula, are relatively small compared with those already caused by DOC -associated structural brain injury. Nonetheless, given the known importance of the thalamus in brain arousal, its disruption could well reflect the diminished movement obtained in these patients. However, more research is needed on this topic to fully address the research question.
27941576	0	8	Sedation	T061	C0344106
27941576	12	20	Patients	T101	C0030705
27941576	26	52	Disorders of Consciousness	T048	C0009792
27941576	60	72	Neuroimaging	T060	C0679575
27941576	85	128	Resting State Functional Brain Connectivity	T060	C4288291
27941576	139	152	head movement	T040	C0376591
27941576	160	211	resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C4288291
27941576	213	222	post-coma	UnknownType	C0151294
27941576	223	231	patients	T101	C0030705
27941576	237	263	disorders of consciousness	T048	C0009792
27941576	265	268	DOC	T048	C0009792
27941576	285	292	sedated	T061	C0344106
27941576	298	306	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27941576	359	367	sedation	T061	C0344106
27941576	375	402	brain connectivity patterns	T082	C0449774
27941576	410	423	damaged brain	T037	C0270611
27941576	438	460	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
27941576	470	475	study	T062	C2603343
27941576	489	495	assess	T058	C0184514
27941576	517	568	resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C4288291
27941576	608	616	scanning	T060	C0441633
27941576	617	625	patients	T101	C0030705
27941576	630	640	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27941576	645	653	research	T062	C0035168
27941576	654	662	purposes	T169	C1285529
27941576	709	735	resting state connectivity	T169	C1707489
27941576	767	776	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27941576	777	793	external control	UnknownType	C0680371
27941576	826	834	auditory	T169	C0439825
27941576	836	848	sensorimotor	T040	C0237434
27941576	854	860	visual	T169	C0234621
27941576	862	884	resting state networks	T169	C1882071
27941576	889	901	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27941576	911	919	thalamus	T023	C0039729
27941576	927	934	healthy	T080	C3898900
27941576	935	944	unsedated	T033	C0243095
27941576	945	953	controls	T096	C0009932
27941576	957	966	unsedated	T033	C0243095
27941576	967	975	patients	T101	C0030705
27941576	981	984	DOC	T048	C0009792
27941576	992	1000	patients	T101	C0030705
27941576	1006	1009	DOC	T048	C0009792
27941576	1010	1017	sedated	T061	C0344106
27941576	1023	1031	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27941576	1037	1040	DOC	T048	C0009792
27941576	1065	1077	age at onset	T081	C0206132
27941576	1079	1087	etiology	T169	C1314792
27941576	1089	1099	time spent	T033	C0243095
27941576	1103	1106	DOC	T048	C0009792
27941576	1108	1117	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27941576	1119	1160	standardized behavioral assessment scores	T081	C0449820
27941576	1162	1170	movement	T040	C0026649
27941576	1171	1182	intensities	T080	C0522510
27941576	1199	1222	structural brain injury	T037	C0270611
27941576	1241	1273	T1-based voxel-based morphometry	T059	C0200760
27941576	1276	1279	DOC	T048	C0009792
27941576	1285	1300	associated with	T080	C0332281
27941576	1319	1353	resting state network connectivity	T169	C1707489
27941576	1369	1375	visual	T169	C0234621
27941576	1376	1383	network	T169	C1882071
27941576	1385	1393	Thalamic	T023	C0039729
27941576	1394	1406	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27941576	1448	1455	reduced	T080	C0392756
27941576	1457	1465	Propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27941576	1466	1480	administration	T061	C1533734
27941576	1484	1492	patients	T101	C0030705
27941576	1497	1512	associated with	T080	C0332281
27941576	1527	1536	decreases	T081	C0547047
27941576	1540	1548	thalamic	T023	C0039729
27941576	1553	1560	insular	T023	C0021640
27941576	1561	1573	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27941576	1579	1587	findings	T169	C2607943
27941576	1602	1614	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27941576	1615	1624	decreases	T081	C0547047
27941576	1625	1640	associated with	T080	C0332281
27941576	1641	1649	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
27941576	1650	1658	sedation	T061	C0344106
27941576	1674	1682	thalamus	T023	C0039729
27941576	1687	1693	insula	T023	C0021640
27941576	1754	1757	DOC	T048	C0009792
27941576	1770	1793	structural brain injury	T037	C0270611
27941576	1842	1850	thalamus	T023	C0039729
27941576	1854	1867	brain arousal	T041	C0003808
27941576	1873	1883	disruption	T169	C0332453
27941576	1907	1917	diminished	T081	C0205216
27941576	1918	1926	movement	T040	C0026649
27941576	1945	1953	patients	T101	C0030705
27941576	1969	1977	research	T062	C0035168
27941576	2023	2040	research question	T078	C0681799

27941707|t|Biological Characteristics of H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses from Healthy Chickens in Shanghai, China
27941707|a|BACKGROUND H9N2 avian influenza viruses that circulate in domestic poultry in eastern China pose challenges to human health. However, few studies have compared the biological characteristics of H9N2 viruses isolated from healthy chickens in Shanghai. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three H9N2 viruses - CK/SH/Y1/07, CK/SH/Y1/02, and CK/SH/23/13 - isolated from healthy chickens in Shanghai between 2002 and 2013, were selected and their biological characteristics were determined. RESULTS All 3 H9N2 viruses showed a preference for both the avian - and human-like receptors, and they replicated well in MDCK and A549 cells. All H9N2 viruses were non-pathogenic to mini-pigs and were detected in the trachea and lung tissues. The CK/SH/Y1/07 and CK/SH/Y1/02 viruses were transmitted to mini-pigs through direct-contact or respiratory droplet exposure, but CK/SH/23/13 virus was not. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that H9N2 viruses isolated from healthy chickens in Shanghai efficiently replicate and transmit among pigs and other mammals.
27941707	0	10	Biological	T080	C0205460
27941707	11	26	Characteristics	T080	C1521970
27941707	30	58	H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses	T005	C1612293
27941707	64	71	Healthy	T080	C3898900
27941707	72	80	Chickens	T012	C0008051
27941707	84	92	Shanghai	T083	C0017446
27941707	94	99	China	T083	C0008115
27941707	111	139	H9N2 avian influenza viruses	T005	C1612293
27941707	145	154	circulate	T169	C0175630
27941707	158	166	domestic	T080	C1880391
27941707	167	174	poultry	T012	C0032850
27941707	178	191	eastern China	T083	C0008115
27941707	211	216	human	T016	C0086418
27941707	217	223	health	T078	C0018684
27941707	238	245	studies	T062	C2603343
27941707	264	274	biological	T080	C0205460
27941707	275	290	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27941707	294	306	H9N2 viruses	T005	C1612293
27941707	307	315	isolated	T169	C0205409
27941707	321	328	healthy	T080	C3898900
27941707	329	337	chickens	T012	C0008051
27941707	341	349	Shanghai	T083	C0017446
27941707	378	390	H9N2 viruses	T005	C1612293
27941707	393	404	CK/SH/Y1/07	T005	C1612293
27941707	406	417	CK/SH/Y1/02	T005	C1612293
27941707	423	434	CK/SH/23/13	T005	C1612293
27941707	437	445	isolated	T169	C0205409
27941707	451	458	healthy	T080	C3898900
27941707	459	467	chickens	T012	C0008051
27941707	471	479	Shanghai	T083	C0017446
27941707	527	537	biological	T080	C0205460
27941707	538	553	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27941707	585	597	H9N2 viruses	T005	C1612293
27941707	631	636	avian	T116,T192	C0597357
27941707	643	663	human-like receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27941707	674	684	replicated	T169	C0205173
27941707	693	697	MDCK	T025	C0598829
27941707	702	712	A549 cells	T005	C1480600
27941707	718	730	H9N2 viruses	T005	C1612293
27941707	736	750	non-pathogenic	T033	C0243095
27941707	754	763	mini-pigs	T015	C0039011
27941707	773	781	detected	T033	C0442726
27941707	789	796	trachea	T023	C0040578
27941707	801	813	lung tissues	T024	C0819757
27941707	819	830	CK/SH/Y1/07	T005	C1612293
27941707	835	854	CK/SH/Y1/02 viruses	T005	C1612293
27941707	860	871	transmitted	T070	C1521797
27941707	875	884	mini-pigs	T015	C0039011
27941707	893	907	direct-contact	T046	C4289682
27941707	911	922	respiratory	T169	C0521346
27941707	923	939	droplet exposure	T046	C4287874
27941707	945	962	CK/SH/23/13 virus	T005	C1612293
27941707	990	997	results	T169	C1274040
27941707	1011	1023	H9N2 viruses	T005	C1612293
27941707	1024	1032	isolated	T169	C0205409
27941707	1038	1045	healthy	T080	C3898900
27941707	1046	1054	chickens	T012	C0008051
27941707	1058	1066	Shanghai	T083	C0017446
27941707	1067	1078	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27941707	1079	1088	replicate	T169	C0205173
27941707	1093	1101	transmit	T070	C1521797
27941707	1108	1112	pigs	T015	C0039005
27941707	1123	1130	mammals	T015	C0024660

27941728|t|Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among Female Juvenile Offenders
27941728|a|Inmates of Juvenile Developmental Centers are the special group of youth population who are in conflict with law. They are vulnerable to psychiatric illness. The objective of this study was to see the prevalence and type of psychiatric disorders in institutionalized female juvenile offenders and non-offenders of same age, sex and socioeconomic group in the community. The association of mental disorders was examined in 43 female inmates of Juvenile Development Centers and 43 randomly selected comparison subjects in community. One stage-structured assessment of psychopathology was carried out by using a structured and valid Bangla version of the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). Development and Well-Being Assessment generated psychiatric diagnosis was assigned based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for research. The result revealed that, of those who were in conflict with law, 93% had mental disorder, whereas 14% of non-offenders had psychiatric disorder. Among the offenders with psychiatric disorders, most of them (32.6%) suffered from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), followed by combined MDD & Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). On the other hand, among the non-offenders with psychiatric disorder 9.3% suffered from MDD. It can be concluded that considerable psychiatric disorders are prevalent among the female juvenile offenders with comparison to non-offenders. Broad -based replication study could confirm these findings.
27941728	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0683919
27941728	14	35	Psychiatric Disorders	T048	C3841734
27941728	42	48	Female	T032	C0086287
27941728	49	67	Juvenile Offenders	T098	C0022443
27941728	68	75	Inmates	T098	C0033167
27941728	79	109	Juvenile Developmental Centers	T093	C1708333
27941728	118	125	special	T080	C0205555
27941728	126	131	group	T098	C1257890
27941728	135	140	youth	T100	C0087178
27941728	141	151	population	T098	C1257890
27941728	163	171	conflict	T055	C0009671
27941728	177	180	law	T089	C0728724
27941728	191	201	vulnerable	T169	C0332324
27941728	205	224	psychiatric illness	T048	C1404970
27941728	230	239	objective	T170	C0018017
27941728	248	253	study	T062	C2603343
27941728	269	279	prevalence	T081	C0683919
27941728	284	288	type	T080	C0332307
27941728	292	313	psychiatric disorders	T048	C3841734
27941728	317	334	institutionalized	T033	C0562359
27941728	335	341	female	T032	C0086287
27941728	342	360	juvenile offenders	T098	C0022443
27941728	365	378	non-offenders	T098	C1257890
27941728	382	386	same	T080	C0445247
27941728	387	390	age	T032	C0001779
27941728	392	395	sex	T032	C1522384
27941728	400	419	socioeconomic group	T080	C0086996
27941728	427	436	community	T096	C0009462
27941728	442	453	association	T041	C0004083
27941728	457	473	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
27941728	478	486	examined	T033	C0332128
27941728	493	499	female	T032	C0086287
27941728	500	507	inmates	T098	C0033167
27941728	511	539	Juvenile Development Centers	T093	C1708333
27941728	547	555	randomly	T080	C0439605
27941728	556	564	selected	T052	C1707391
27941728	565	575	comparison	T052	C1707455
27941728	576	584	subjects	T096	C0681850
27941728	588	597	community	T096	C0009462
27941728	599	630	One stage-structured assessment	T058	C1254363
27941728	634	649	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
27941728	677	687	structured	T169	C1300196
27941728	692	697	valid	T080	C2349099
27941728	698	704	Bangla	T171	C0023008
27941728	705	712	version	T170	C0333052
27941728	720	757	Development and Well-Being Assessment	T058	C1254363
27941728	759	764	DAWBA	T058	C1254363
27941728	767	804	Development and Well-Being Assessment	T058	C1254363
27941728	815	826	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
27941728	827	836	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27941728	859	865	ICD-10	T170	C1137110
27941728	866	885	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
27941728	890	898	research	T062	C0035168
27941728	904	910	result	T033	C0683954
27941728	911	919	revealed	T080	C0443289
27941728	947	955	conflict	T055	C0009671
27941728	961	964	law	T089	C0728724
27941728	974	989	mental disorder	T048	C0004936
27941728	1006	1019	non-offenders	T098	C1257890
27941728	1024	1044	psychiatric disorder	T048	C3841734
27941728	1056	1065	offenders	T098	C0699726
27941728	1071	1092	psychiatric disorders	T048	C3841734
27941728	1129	1154	Major Depressive Disorder	T048	C1269683
27941728	1156	1159	MDD	T048	C1269683
27941728	1174	1182	combined	T080	C0205195
27941728	1183	1186	MDD	T048	C1269683
27941728	1189	1219	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder	T048	C0038436
27941728	1221	1225	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27941728	1257	1270	non-offenders	T098	C1257890
27941728	1276	1296	psychiatric disorder	T048	C3841734
27941728	1316	1319	MDD	T048	C1269683
27941728	1331	1340	concluded	T078	C1707478
27941728	1346	1358	considerable	T080	C4288581
27941728	1359	1380	psychiatric disorders	T048	C3841734
27941728	1385	1394	prevalent	T081	C0683919
27941728	1405	1411	female	T032	C0086287
27941728	1412	1430	juvenile offenders	T098	C0022443
27941728	1436	1446	comparison	T052	C1707455
27941728	1450	1463	non-offenders	T098	C1257890
27941728	1465	1470	Broad	T082	C0332464
27941728	1478	1495	replication study	UnknownType	C0681825
27941728	1502	1509	confirm	T080	C1456348
27941728	1516	1524	findings	T033	C0243095

27941815|t|Association between neutrophil -to- lymphocyte ratio and differentiated thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis
27941815|a|The association between neutrophil -to- lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is undecided. To rectify this question, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis based on 7 prospective cohort studies published between 2013 and 2015, comprising 7349 patients. Six of these cohorts included pretreatment (baseline) NLR data for patients with thyroid nodules. The meta-analysis of these 6 cohorts showed that the NLR of patients with DTC (4617 cases) was statistically similar to patients with benign nodules only (1666 cases), with a mean difference (MD) of 0.19 (95% CI: -0.09 to 0.46; I(2) = 93%; P < 0.001). No significant difference in NLR was found between patients with DTC and patients with benign nodules. Two studies addressed an association between NLR and papillary thyroid carcinoma in patients stratified by age <45 and ≥45 years (496 and 891 cases, respectively); the pooled MD was 0.09 (95% CI: -0.37 to 0.55; I(2) = 92.2%, P < 0.001). An elevated NLR seems not a reliable indicator of progressing DTC in patients with goiters, and there was no difference in NLR between patients aged <45 years and those aged ≥45 years. Well-designed and large-scale investigations are warranted to understand the value of NLR in the prognosis of DTC.
27941815	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
27941815	20	30	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27941815	36	46	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
27941815	47	52	ratio	T081	C0456603
27941815	57	86	differentiated thyroid cancer	T191	C1337013
27941815	90	103	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27941815	108	119	association	T080	C0439849
27941815	128	138	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27941815	144	154	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
27941815	155	160	ratio	T081	C0456603
27941815	162	165	NLR	T081	C0456603
27941815	171	200	differentiated thyroid cancer	T191	C1337013
27941815	202	205	DTC	T191	C1337013
27941815	250	259	conducted	T169	C0884358
27941815	262	272	systematic	T169	C0220922
27941815	273	286	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27941815	298	324	prospective cohort studies	T062	C0033522
27941815	325	334	published	T170	C1704324
27941815	374	382	patients	T101	C0030705
27941815	397	404	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27941815	414	426	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
27941815	428	436	baseline	T081	C1442488
27941815	438	441	NLR	T081	C0456603
27941815	442	446	data	T078	C1511726
27941815	451	459	patients	T101	C0030705
27941815	465	480	thyroid nodules	T191	C0040137
27941815	486	499	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27941815	511	518	cohorts	T098	C0599755
27941815	535	538	NLR	T081	C0456603
27941815	542	550	patients	T101	C0030705
27941815	556	559	DTC	T191	C1337013
27941815	566	571	cases	T077	C1706256
27941815	577	590	statistically	T081	C0237881
27941815	602	610	patients	T101	C0030705
27941815	616	630	benign nodules	T191	C0749467
27941815	642	647	cases	T077	C1706256
27941815	691	693	CI	T081	C0009667
27941815	722	723	P	T081	C1709380
27941815	763	766	NLR	T081	C0456603
27941815	785	793	patients	T101	C0030705
27941815	799	802	DTC	T191	C1337013
27941815	807	815	patients	T101	C0030705
27941815	821	835	benign nodules	T191	C0749467
27941815	841	848	studies	T059	C0947630
27941815	862	873	association	T080	C0439849
27941815	882	885	NLR	T081	C0456603
27941815	890	917	papillary thyroid carcinoma	T191	C0238463
27941815	921	929	patients	T101	C0030705
27941815	930	940	stratified	T080	C0205363
27941815	944	947	age	T032	C0001779
27941815	960	965	years	T079	C1510829
27941815	979	984	cases	T077	C1706256
27941815	1029	1031	CI	T081	C0009667
27941815	1062	1063	P	T081	C1709380
27941815	1077	1085	elevated	T080	C3163633
27941815	1086	1089	NLR	T081	C0456603
27941815	1102	1110	reliable	T170	C3858758
27941815	1111	1120	indicator	T169	C1522602
27941815	1124	1135	progressing	T169	C0205329
27941815	1136	1139	DTC	T191	C1337013
27941815	1143	1151	patients	T101	C0030705
27941815	1157	1164	goiters	T046	C0018021
27941815	1197	1200	NLR	T081	C0456603
27941815	1209	1217	patients	T101	C0030705
27941815	1218	1222	aged	T032	C0001779
27941815	1227	1232	years	T079	C1510829
27941815	1243	1247	aged	T032	C0001779
27941815	1252	1257	years	T079	C1510829
27941815	1289	1303	investigations	T058	C0220825
27941815	1345	1348	NLR	T081	C0456603
27941815	1356	1365	prognosis	T033	C0011900
27941815	1369	1372	DTC	T191	C1337013

27941914|t|High fidelity visualization of cell -to- cell variation and temporal dynamics in nascent extracellular matrix formation
27941914|a|Extracellular matrix dynamics are key to tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis, injury, and repair. The spatiotemporal organization of this matrix has profound biological implications, but is challenging to monitor using standard techniques. Here, we address these challenges by using noncanonical amino acid tagging to fluorescently label extracellular matrix synthesized in the presence of bio-orthogonal methionine analogs. This strategy labels matrix proteins with high resolution, without compromising their distribution or mechanical function. We demonstrate that the organization and temporal dynamics of the proteinaceous matrix depend on the biophysical features of the microenvironment, including the biomaterial scaffold and the niche constructed by cells themselves. Pulse labeling experiments reveal that, in immature constructs, nascent matrix is highly fibrous and interdigitates with pre-existing matrix, while in more developed constructs, nascent matrix lacks fibrous organization and is retained in the immediate pericellular space. Inhibition of collagen crosslinking increases matrix synthesis, but compromises matrix organization. Finally, these data demonstrate marked cell -to- cell heterogeneity amongst both chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells undergoing chondrogenesis. Collectively, these results introduce fluorescent noncanonical amino acid tagging as a strategy to investigate spatiotemporal matrix organization, and demonstrate its ability to identify differences in phenotype, microenvironment, and matrix assembly at the single cell level.
27941914	5	27	fidelity visualization	T060	C0178707
27941914	31	35	cell	T025	C0007634
27941914	41	45	cell	T025	C0007634
27941914	46	55	variation	T080	C0205419
27941914	60	68	temporal	T079	C2362314
27941914	69	77	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27941914	81	109	nascent extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27941914	110	119	formation	T169	C1522492
27941914	120	140	Extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27941914	141	149	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27941914	161	181	tissue morphogenesis	T042	C1657442
27941914	183	194	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27941914	196	202	injury	T037	C3263722
27941914	208	214	repair	T040	C0043240
27941914	220	247	spatiotemporal organization	T043	C1160609
27941914	256	262	matrix	T024	C0015350
27941914	276	299	biological implications	T080	C0205556
27941914	308	319	challenging	T080	C0205556
27941914	337	356	standard techniques	T169	C0449851
27941914	381	391	challenges	T080	C0205556
27941914	401	424	noncanonical amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27941914	425	432	tagging	T059	C0026380
27941914	436	455	fluorescently label	T130	C0016321
27941914	456	476	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27941914	477	488	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27941914	508	533	bio-orthogonal methionine	T116,T121,T123	C0025646
27941914	534	541	analogs	T104	C0243071
27941914	548	556	strategy	T041	C0679199
27941914	557	563	labels	T059	C0026380
27941914	564	579	matrix proteins	T116,T123	C0079323
27941914	585	600	high resolution	T059	C1719039
27941914	610	622	compromising	T033	C2945640
27941914	629	641	distribution	T169	C1704711
27941914	645	664	mechanical function	T169	C0542341
27941914	690	702	organization	T043	C1155939
27941914	707	715	temporal	T079	C2362314
27941914	716	724	dynamics	T070	C3826426
27941914	732	752	proteinaceous matrix	T026	C1522760
27941914	767	778	biophysical	T091	C0005553
27941914	779	787	features	T080	C2348519
27941914	795	811	microenvironment	T082	C0014406
27941914	827	838	biomaterial	T122	C0005479
27941914	839	847	scaffold	T073	C0337143
27941914	856	861	niche	T082	C1254362
27941914	862	873	constructed	T017	C0700276
27941914	877	882	cells	T025	C0007634
27941914	895	921	Pulse labeling experiments	T059	C0026380
27941914	938	946	immature	T080	C0205252
27941914	947	957	constructs	T017	C0700276
27941914	959	973	nascent matrix	T024	C0015350
27941914	984	991	fibrous	T080	C0439709
27941914	996	1010	interdigitates	T080	C0205556
27941914	1016	1028	pre-existing	T080	C2347662
27941914	1029	1035	matrix	T024	C0015350
27941914	1061	1071	constructs	T185	C2827421
27941914	1073	1087	nascent matrix	T024	C0015350
27941914	1088	1093	lacks	T080	C0332268
27941914	1094	1114	fibrous organization	T043	C1155939
27941914	1122	1130	retained	T169	C0333118
27941914	1148	1166	pericellular space	T082	C1254362
27941914	1168	1178	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27941914	1182	1190	collagen	T116	C0009325
27941914	1191	1203	crosslinking	T070	C0178576
27941914	1214	1220	matrix	T024	C0015350
27941914	1221	1230	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27941914	1248	1267	matrix organization	T043	C1160609
27941914	1284	1288	data	T078	C1511726
27941914	1308	1312	cell	T025	C0007634
27941914	1318	1322	cell	T025	C0007634
27941914	1323	1336	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27941914	1350	1362	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
27941914	1367	1389	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
27941914	1401	1415	chondrogenesis	T042	C0598067
27941914	1437	1444	results	T169	C1274040
27941914	1455	1466	fluorescent	T130	C0016321
27941914	1467	1490	noncanonical amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
27941914	1491	1498	tagging	T059	C0026380
27941914	1504	1512	strategy	T041	C0679199
27941914	1516	1527	investigate	T169	C1292732
27941914	1528	1562	spatiotemporal matrix organization	T043	C1160609
27941914	1584	1591	ability	T032	C0085732
27941914	1604	1615	differences	T080	C1705242
27941914	1619	1628	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27941914	1630	1646	microenvironment	T082	C0014406
27941914	1652	1667	matrix assembly	T043	C3156843
27941914	1682	1686	cell	T025	C0007634
27941914	1687	1692	level	T080	C0441889

27941943|t|Transcriptomic insights into the allelopathic effects of the garlic allelochemical diallyl disulfide on tomato roots
27941943|a|Garlic is an allelopathic crop that can alleviate the obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetable crops. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), one of the most important allelochemicals in garlic, promotes tomato root growth. Therefore, the global transcriptome profiles of DADS - treated tomato roots over time were investigated to reveal the potential growth-promoting mechanisms. We detected 1828, 1296 and 1190 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the 4, 24 and 48 h samples, respectively. Most DEGs involved in assimilatory sulfate reduction and glutathione metabolism were up-regulated after short-term (4 h) DADS treatment. In addition, increased activity of defensive enzymes and up-regulation of six peroxidase genes were observed, suggesting that DADS could induce tomato resistance. In plant-pathogen interactions, DEGs related to calcium signaling were primarily inhibited, while those encoding pathogenesis-related proteins were primarily up-regulated. Although plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction were both significantly affected by DADS, the expression trends of the genes in these two pathways were conflicting. This research provides comprehensive information concerning the changes in the tomato root transcriptome affected by DADS and may help direct further studies on DADS - responsive genes to enhance the current understanding of the mechanisms by which DADS alleviates the obstacles to continuous cropping.
27941943	0	14	Transcriptomic	T086	C3178810
27941943	33	45	allelopathic	T070	C3658358
27941943	46	56	effects of	T080	C1704420
27941943	61	67	garlic	T168	C0993630
27941943	68	82	allelochemical	T103	C0220806
27941943	83	100	diallyl disulfide	T109,T121	C0057693
27941943	104	110	tomato	T168	C0242772
27941943	111	116	roots	T002	C0242726
27941943	117	123	Garlic	T168	C0993630
27941943	130	142	allelopathic	T070	C3658358
27941943	143	147	crop	T002	C0242775
27941943	184	194	continuous	T078	C0549178
27941943	195	203	cropping	T090	C4042899
27941943	207	222	vegetable crops	T002	C0242775
27941943	224	241	Diallyl disulfide	T109,T121	C0057693
27941943	243	247	DADS	T109,T121	C0057693
27941943	276	291	allelochemicals	T103	C0220806
27941943	295	301	garlic	T168	C0993630
27941943	303	311	promotes	T052	C0033414
27941943	312	318	tomato	T168	C0242772
27941943	319	330	root growth	T040	C1524120
27941943	347	353	global	T080	C2348867
27941943	354	367	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27941943	368	376	profiles	T081	C1956267
27941943	380	384	DADS	T109,T121	C0057693
27941943	387	394	treated	T169	C1522326
27941943	395	401	tomato	T168	C0242772
27941943	402	407	roots	T002	C0242726
27941943	423	435	investigated	T169	C1292732
27941943	450	459	potential	T080	C3245505
27941943	460	487	growth-promoting mechanisms	UnknownType	C0682777
27941943	492	500	detected	T033	C0442726
27941943	521	545	differentially expressed	T045	C0017262
27941943	546	551	genes	T028	C0017337
27941943	553	557	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27941943	609	613	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27941943	626	656	assimilatory sulfate reduction	T044	C2612332
27941943	661	683	glutathione metabolism	T044	C1158188
27941943	689	701	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27941943	708	718	short-term	T079	C0443303
27941943	725	729	DADS	T109,T121	C0057693
27941943	730	739	treatment	T169	C1522326
27941943	754	793	increased activity of defensive enzymes	T033	C3267013
27941943	798	811	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
27941943	819	835	peroxidase genes	T028	C0017337
27941943	841	849	observed	T169	C1441672
27941943	867	871	DADS	T109,T121	C0057693
27941943	878	884	induce	T169	C0205263
27941943	885	891	tomato	T168	C0242772
27941943	892	902	resistance	T169	C4281815
27941943	907	934	plant-pathogen interactions	T040	C1752856
27941943	936	940	DEGs	T028	C0017337
27941943	952	969	calcium signaling	T043	C0600431
27941943	985	994	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27941943	1008	1016	encoding	T052	C2700640
27941943	1017	1046	pathogenesis-related proteins	T116	C0070140
27941943	1062	1074	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
27941943	1085	1090	plant	T002	C0032098
27941943	1091	1108	hormone synthesis	T044	C0596715
27941943	1113	1132	signal transduction	T043	C0037083
27941943	1143	1165	significantly affected	T169	C0392760
27941943	1169	1173	DADS	T109,T121	C0057693
27941943	1179	1189	expression	T045	C0017262
27941943	1190	1196	trends	T079	C1521798
27941943	1204	1209	genes	T028	C0017337
27941943	1223	1231	pathways	T044	C1704259
27941943	1255	1263	research	T062	C0035168
27941943	1273	1286	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27941943	1287	1298	information	T078	C1533716
27941943	1314	1321	changes	T169	C0392747
27941943	1329	1335	tomato	T168	C0242772
27941943	1336	1340	root	T002	C0242726
27941943	1341	1354	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
27941943	1355	1363	affected	T169	C0392760
27941943	1367	1371	DADS	T109,T121	C0057693
27941943	1400	1407	studies	T062	C2603343
27941943	1411	1415	DADS	T109,T121	C0057693
27941943	1418	1428	responsive	T169	C0205342
27941943	1429	1434	genes	T028	C0017337
27941943	1438	1445	enhance	T052	C2349975
27941943	1450	1457	current	T079	C0521116
27941943	1479	1489	mechanisms	T044	C0678659
27941943	1499	1503	DADS	T109,T121	C0057693
27941943	1532	1542	continuous	T078	C0549178
27941943	1543	1551	cropping	T090	C4042899

27941991|t|In vivo Distribution and Clearance of Purified Capsular Polysaccharide from Burkholderia pseudomallei in a Murine Model
27941991|a|Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe infection prominent in northern Australia and Southeast Asia. The " gold standard " for melioidosis diagnosis is bacterial isolation, which takes several days to complete. The resulting delay in diagnosis leads to delayed treatments, which could result in death. In an attempt to develop better methods for early diagnosis of melioidosis, B. pseudomallei capsular polysaccharide (CPS) was identified as an important diagnostic biomarker. A rapid lateral flow immunoassay utilizing CPS - specific monoclonal antibody was developed and tested in endemic regions worldwide. However, the in vivo fate and clearance of CPS has never been thoroughly investigated. Here, we injected mice with purified CPS intravenously and determined CPS concentrations in serum, urine, and major organs at various intervals. The results indicate that CPS is predominantly eliminated through urine and no CPS accumulation occurs in the major organs. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that intact CPS was excreted through urine. To understand how a large molecule like CPS was eliminated without degradation, a 3-dimenational structure of CPS was modeled. The predicted CPS structure has a rod-like shape with a small diameter that could allow it to flow through the glomerulus of the kidney. CPS clearance was determined using exponential decay models and the corrected Akaike Information Criterion. The results show that CPS has a relatively short serum half-life of 2.9 to 4.4 hours. Therefore, the presence of CPS in the serum and/or urine suggests active melioidosis infection and provides a marker to monitor treatment of melioidosis.
27941991	0	7	In vivo	T082	C1515655
27941991	8	20	Distribution	T169	C1704711
27941991	25	34	Clearance	T080	C0449297
27941991	38	70	Purified Capsular Polysaccharide	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	76	101	Burkholderia pseudomallei	T007	C0033819
27941991	107	119	Murine Model	T050	C0012644
27941991	120	145	Burkholderia pseudomallei	T007	C0033819
27941991	153	168	causative agent	T033	C0449411
27941991	172	183	melioidosis	T047	C0025229
27941991	187	193	severe	T080	C0205082
27941991	194	203	infection	T046	C3714514
27941991	204	213	prominent	T080	C0205402
27941991	217	235	northern Australia	UnknownType	C0682376
27941991	240	254	Southeast Asia	T083	C0003983
27941991	262	275	gold standard	T080	C0150110
27941991	282	293	melioidosis	T047	C0025229
27941991	294	303	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27941991	307	326	bacterial isolation	T059	C0430402
27941991	340	352	several days	T033	C3845714
27941991	356	364	complete	T080	C0205197
27941991	370	379	resulting	T169	C0332294
27941991	380	385	delay	T079	C0205421
27941991	389	398	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
27941991	408	426	delayed treatments	T033	C3693346
27941991	440	446	result	T169	C1274040
27941991	450	455	death	T033	C1306577
27941991	463	470	attempt	T051	C1516084
27941991	482	488	better	T080	C0332272
27941991	489	496	methods	T060	C0430022
27941991	501	516	early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
27941991	520	531	melioidosis	T047	C0025229
27941991	533	548	B. pseudomallei	T007	C0033819
27941991	549	572	capsular polysaccharide	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	574	577	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	583	593	identified	T080	C0205396
27941991	600	609	important	T080	C3898777
27941991	610	620	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
27941991	621	630	biomarker	T201	C0005516
27941991	653	664	immunoassay	T059	C0020980
27941991	665	674	utilizing	T169	C1524063
27941991	675	678	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	681	689	specific	T080	C0205369
27941991	690	709	monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
27941991	728	734	tested	T169	C0039593
27941991	738	753	endemic regions	T083	C0017446
27941991	754	763	worldwide	T082	C0332464
27941991	778	785	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27941991	795	804	clearance	T080	C0449297
27941991	808	811	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	816	821	never	T079	C2003901
27941991	838	850	investigated	T169	C1292732
27941991	861	874	injected mice	T015	C0025929
27941991	880	892	purified CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	893	906	intravenously	T082	C0348016
27941991	911	921	determined	T080	C0521095
27941991	922	925	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	926	940	concentrations	T081	C0439265
27941991	944	949	serum	T031	C0229671
27941991	951	956	urine	T031	C0042036
27941991	962	967	major	T080	C0205164
27941991	968	974	organs	T023	C0178784
27941991	978	985	various	T081	C0439064
27941991	986	995	intervals	T079	C1272706
27941991	1001	1008	results	T169	C1274040
27941991	1009	1017	indicate	T078	C0392360
27941991	1023	1026	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	1044	1054	eliminated	T080	C0849355
27941991	1055	1062	through	T169	C0332273
27941991	1063	1068	urine	T031	C0042036
27941991	1073	1075	no	T033	C0205160
27941991	1076	1079	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	1080	1092	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27941991	1093	1099	occurs	T079	C2745955
27941991	1107	1112	major	T080	C0205164
27941991	1113	1119	organs	T023	C0178784
27941991	1121	1140	Immunoblot analysis	T059	C0020985
27941991	1159	1165	intact	T080	C0205266
27941991	1166	1169	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	1174	1182	excreted	T039	C0221102
27941991	1183	1190	through	T169	C0332273
27941991	1191	1196	urine	T031	C0042036
27941991	1201	1211	understand	T041	C0162340
27941991	1218	1223	large	T081	C0549177
27941991	1224	1232	molecule	T167	C0567416
27941991	1238	1241	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	1246	1256	eliminated	T080	C0849355
27941991	1257	1264	without	T080	C0332288
27941991	1265	1276	degradation	T044	C0314674
27941991	1280	1304	3-dimenational structure	T082	C0026377
27941991	1308	1311	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	1329	1338	predicted	T078	C0681842
27941991	1339	1342	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	1343	1352	structure	T082	C0678594
27941991	1359	1373	rod-like shape	T082	C0332479
27941991	1387	1395	diameter	T081	C1301886
27941991	1424	1431	through	T169	C0332273
27941991	1436	1460	glomerulus of the kidney	T023	C0022663
27941991	1462	1465	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	1466	1475	clearance	T080	C0449297
27941991	1480	1490	determined	T080	C0521095
27941991	1497	1521	exponential decay models	T060	C0430022
27941991	1540	1568	Akaike Information Criterion	T080	C0205556
27941991	1574	1581	results	T169	C1274040
27941991	1592	1595	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	1613	1618	short	T081	C2350002
27941991	1619	1624	serum	T031	C0229671
27941991	1625	1634	half-life	T079	C0018517
27941991	1671	1679	presence	T033	C0150312
27941991	1683	1686	CPS	T109,T121	C0982056
27941991	1694	1699	serum	T031	C0229671
27941991	1707	1712	urine	T031	C0042036
27941991	1713	1721	suggests	T078	C1705535
27941991	1729	1750	melioidosis infection	T047	C0025229
27941991	1766	1772	marker	T201	C0005516
27941991	1776	1793	monitor treatment	T058	C0150369
27941991	1797	1808	melioidosis	T047	C0025229

27942049|t|Potassium depletion stimulates Na-Cl cotransporter via phosphorylation and inactivation of the ubiquitin ligase Kelch-like 3
27942049|a|Kelch-like 3 (KLHL3) is a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that regulates blood pressure by targeting With-No-Lysine (WNK) kinases for degradation. Mutations in KLHL3 cause constitutively increased renal salt reabsorption and impaired K(+) secretion, resulting in hypertension and hyperkalemia. Although clinical studies have shown that dietary K(+) intake affects blood pressure, the mechanisms have been obscure. In this study, we demonstrate that the KLHL3 ubiquitin ligase complex is involved in the low- K(+) -mediated activation of Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC) in the kidney. In the distal convoluted tubules of mice eating a low-K(+) diet, we found increased KLHL3 phosphorylation at S433 (KLHL3(S433-P)), a modification that impairs WNK binding, and also reduced total KLHL3 levels. These changes are accompanied by the accumulation of the target substrate WNK4, and activation of the downstream kinases SPAK (STE20 / SPS1 -related proline-alanine-rich protein kinase) and OSR1 (oxidative stress-responsive 1), resulting in NCC phosphorylation and its accumulation at the plasma membrane. Increased phosphorylation of S433 was explained by increased levels of active, phosphorylated protein kinase C (but not protein kinase A), which directly phosphorylates S433. Moreover, in HEK cells expressing KLHL3 and WNK4, we showed that the activation of protein kinase C by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces KLHL3(S433-P) and increases WNK4 levels by abrogating its ubiquitination. These data demonstrate the role of KLHL3 in low- K(+) -mediated induction of NCC; this physiologic adaptation reduces distal electrogenic Na(+) reabsorption, preventing further renal K(+) loss but promoting increased blood pressure.
27942049	0	19	Potassium depletion	T047	C1971021
27942049	20	30	stimulates	T070	C1948023
27942049	31	50	Na-Cl cotransporter	T116,T123	C0074782
27942049	55	70	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27942049	75	87	inactivation	T169	C0544461
27942049	95	111	ubiquitin ligase	T116,T126	C0077678
27942049	112	124	Kelch-like 3	T116	C4042100
27942049	125	137	Kelch-like 3	T116	C4042100
27942049	139	144	KLHL3	T116	C4042100
27942049	151	160	component	T116,T123	C1179435
27942049	167	194	E3 ubiquitin ligase complex	T116,T126	C0077678
27942049	200	209	regulates	T038	C1327622
27942049	210	224	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27942049	228	237	targeting	T169	C1521840
27942049	238	266	With-No-Lysine (WNK) kinases	T116,T126	C0031727
27942049	271	282	degradation	T169	C0243125
27942049	284	293	Mutations	T045	C0026882
27942049	297	302	KLHL3	T116	C4042100
27942049	324	357	increased renal salt reabsorption	T033	C3278017
27942049	362	370	impaired	T169	C0221099
27942049	371	375	K(+)	T123,T196	C0032821
27942049	376	385	secretion	T038	C0036536
27942049	400	412	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27942049	417	429	hyperkalemia	T033	C0020461
27942049	440	456	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
27942049	473	485	dietary K(+)	T168	C0162800
27942049	486	492	intake	T169	C1512806
27942049	493	500	affects	T169	C0392760
27942049	501	515	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27942049	521	531	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27942049	542	549	obscure	T033	C3845108
27942049	590	595	KLHL3	T116	C4042100
27942049	596	612	ubiquitin ligase	T116,T126	C0077678
27942049	613	620	complex	T116,T123	C1180347
27942049	645	649	K(+)	T123,T196	C0032821
27942049	660	670	activation	T045	C0599177
27942049	674	693	Na-Cl cotransporter	T116,T123	C0074782
27942049	695	698	NCC	T116,T123	C0074782
27942049	707	713	kidney	T023	C0022646
27942049	722	747	distal convoluted tubules	T023	C0022676
27942049	751	755	mice	T015	C0025929
27942049	756	762	eating	T040	C0013470
27942049	765	778	low-K(+) diet	T061	C0948941
27942049	799	804	KLHL3	T116	C4042100
27942049	805	820	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27942049	824	828	S433	T082	C1254362
27942049	829	844	(KLHL3(S433-P))	T116	C4042100
27942049	848	860	modification	T033	C3840684
27942049	866	873	impairs	T169	C0221099
27942049	874	877	WNK	T116,T126	C0031727
27942049	878	885	binding	T052	C1145667
27942049	910	915	KLHL3	T116	C4042100
27942049	916	922	levels	T080	C0441889
27942049	961	973	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27942049	981	987	target	T169	C1521840
27942049	988	997	substrate	T167	C3891814
27942049	998	1002	WNK4	T116,T126	C1452813
27942049	1008	1018	activation	T045	C0599177
27942049	1026	1036	downstream	T082	C0522506
27942049	1037	1049	kinases SPAK	T116,T126	C1436950
27942049	1051	1056	STE20	T116,T126	C4307920
27942049	1059	1063	SPS1	T116,T126	C1436950
27942049	1073	1108	proline-alanine-rich protein kinase	T116,T126	C1312482
27942049	1114	1118	OSR1	T116,T123	C1438448
27942049	1120	1149	oxidative stress-responsive 1	T116,T123	C1438448
27942049	1165	1168	NCC	T116,T123	C0074782
27942049	1169	1184	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27942049	1193	1205	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27942049	1213	1228	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27942049	1240	1255	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27942049	1259	1263	S433	T082	C1254362
27942049	1291	1297	levels	T080	C0441889
27942049	1301	1307	active	T169	C0205177
27942049	1324	1340	protein kinase C	T116,T126	C0033634
27942049	1350	1366	protein kinase A	T116,T126	C0010531
27942049	1384	1398	phosphorylates	T044	C0031715
27942049	1399	1403	S433	T082	C1254362
27942049	1418	1427	HEK cells	T025	C2936239
27942049	1428	1438	expressing	T045	C1171362
27942049	1439	1444	KLHL3	T116	C4042100
27942049	1449	1453	WNK4	T116,T126	C1452813
27942049	1474	1484	activation	T045	C0599177
27942049	1488	1504	protein kinase C	T116,T126	C0033634
27942049	1508	1539	phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate	T109,T121,T131	C0039654
27942049	1540	1547	induces	T169	C0205263
27942049	1548	1561	KLHL3(S433-P)	T116	C4042100
27942049	1576	1580	WNK4	T116,T126	C1452813
27942049	1581	1587	levels	T080	C0441889
27942049	1606	1620	ubiquitination	T044	C1519751
27942049	1628	1632	data	T078	C1511726
27942049	1649	1653	role	T077	C1705810
27942049	1657	1662	KLHL3	T116	C4042100
27942049	1671	1675	K(+)	T123,T196	C0032821
27942049	1686	1695	induction	T169	C0205263
27942049	1699	1702	NCC	T116,T123	C0074782
27942049	1709	1731	physiologic adaptation	T040	C0001400
27942049	1740	1746	distal	T082	C0205108
27942049	1747	1759	electrogenic	T042	C0232633
27942049	1760	1778	Na(+) reabsorption	T039	C2610987
27942049	1780	1790	preventing	T169	C1292733
27942049	1799	1804	renal	T023	C0022646
27942049	1805	1809	K(+)	T123,T196	C0032821
27942049	1810	1814	loss	T081	C1517945
27942049	1819	1828	promoting	T052	C0033414
27942049	1839	1853	blood pressure	T040	C0005823

27942085|t|Cited references and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) as two different knowledge representations: clustering and mappings at the paper level
27942085|a|For the biomedical sciences, the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) make available a rich feature which cannot currently be merged properly with widely used citing / cited data. Here, we provide methods and routines that make MeSH terms amenable to broader usage in the study of science indicators: using Web-of-Science (WoS) data, one can generate the matrix of citing versus cited documents; using PubMed / MEDLINE data, a matrix of the citing documents versus MeSH terms can be generated analogously. The two matrices can also be reorganized into a 2-mode matrix of MeSH terms versus cited references. Using the abbreviated journal names in the references, one can, for example, address the question whether MeSH terms can be used as an alternative to WoS Subject Categories for the purpose of normalizing citation data. We explore the applicability of the routines in the case of a research program about the amyloid cascade hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease. One conclusion is that referenced journals provide archival structures, whereas MeSH terms indicate mainly variation (including novelty) at the research front. Furthermore, we explore the option of using the citing / cited matrix for main-path analysis as a by-product of the software.
27942085	0	16	Cited references	T170	C1514811
27942085	21	45	Medical Subject Headings	T170	C1135584
27942085	47	51	MeSH	T170	C1135584
27942085	70	95	knowledge representations	T066	C0022756
27942085	97	107	clustering	T062	C0009085
27942085	112	120	mappings	T052	C1283195
27942085	128	139	paper level	T080	C0441889
27942085	148	167	biomedical sciences	T091	C1879848
27942085	173	197	Medical Subject Headings	T170	C1135584
27942085	199	203	MeSH	T170	C1135584
27942085	294	300	citing	T170	C0552371
27942085	303	313	cited data	T170	C0552371
27942085	332	339	methods	T170	C0025663
27942085	344	352	routines	T080	C0205547
27942085	363	367	MeSH	T170	C1135584
27942085	407	412	study	T062	C2603343
27942085	416	423	science	T090	C0036397
27942085	442	467	Web-of-Science (WoS) data	T170	C0282574
27942085	490	496	matrix	T078	C1511726
27942085	500	506	citing	T170	C0552371
27942085	514	529	cited documents	T170	C0034922
27942085	537	543	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27942085	546	553	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
27942085	562	568	matrix	T078	C1511726
27942085	576	592	citing documents	T170	C0034922
27942085	600	604	MeSH	T170	C1135584
27942085	649	657	matrices	T078	C1511726
27942085	696	702	matrix	T078	C1511726
27942085	706	710	MeSH	T170	C1135584
27942085	724	740	cited references	T170	C1514811
27942085	764	771	journal	T073,T170	C0162443
27942085	785	795	references	T170	C1514811
27942085	848	852	MeSH	T170	C1135584
27942085	892	903	WoS Subject	T170	C0282574
27942085	904	914	Categories	T170	C0683312
27942085	934	945	normalizing	T062	C1882115
27942085	946	959	citation data	T170	C0552371
27942085	997	1005	routines	T080	C0205547
27942085	1023	1039	research program	T062	C0683935
27942085	1050	1076	amyloid cascade hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27942085	1080	1099	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
27942085	1124	1143	referenced journals	T073,T170	C0162443
27942085	1181	1185	MeSH	T170	C1135584
27942085	1208	1217	variation	T080	C0205419
27942085	1245	1253	research	T062	C0035168
27942085	1309	1315	citing	T170	C0552371
27942085	1318	1330	cited matrix	T170	C0552371
27942085	1335	1353	main-path analysis	T062	C0683963
27942085	1377	1385	software	T073,T170	C0037585

27942150|t|The relationship between thoracic configuration and changes in volumes of hemithoraces in upright sitting
27942150|a|[Purpose] Some patients with respiratory disease exhibit asymmetrical movement of the thorax. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of thoracic configuration with changes in thoracic volume in 13 sedentary healthy men. [Subjects and Methods] In upright sitting, 84 reflective markers were placed on the anterior and posterior aspects of the trunk to record thoracic volume during quiet and volitional deep breathing. Using a three-dimensional motion analyzer, the difference in volume within the upper and lower hemithoraces was measured. For calculation of the thoracic volume six imaginary hexahedra were visualized for the upper and lower thorax using four reflective markers for each on the anterior and posterior aspects of the thorax. Each hexahedron was then divided into three imaginary triangular pyramids to calculate positional vectors. Finally, the volume for both the hexahedra and triangular pyramids was calculated. Four thoracic volumes were obtained. [Results] The findings showed that the left upper and right lower hemithorax yielded significantly larger thoracic volumes. [Conclusion] In conclusion the left upper and right lower hemithoraces were found to expand more than their corresponding sides. Understanding the characteristics of thoracic excursion during quiet and volitional deep breathing could be of value in assessment and instruction of breathing techniques to patients.
27942150	4	16	relationship	T080	C0439849
27942150	25	33	thoracic	T029	C0817096
27942150	34	47	configuration	T029	C0277809
27942150	52	59	changes	T169	C0392747
27942150	63	70	volumes	T081	C0449468
27942150	74	86	hemithoraces	T029	C0934569
27942150	90	105	upright sitting	T033	C1280451
27942150	121	129	patients	T101	C0030705
27942150	135	154	respiratory disease	T047	C0035204
27942150	163	198	asymmetrical movement of the thorax	T033	C1821161
27942150	220	225	study	T062	C2603343
27942150	233	244	investigate	T169	C1292732
27942150	249	261	relationship	T080	C0439849
27942150	265	273	thoracic	T029	C0817096
27942150	274	287	configuration	T029	C0277809
27942150	293	300	changes	T169	C0392747
27942150	304	319	thoracic volume	T201	C0231961
27942150	326	335	sedentary	T080	C0205254
27942150	336	343	healthy	T080	C3898900
27942150	344	347	men	T098	C0025266
27942150	375	390	upright sitting	T033	C1280451
27942150	395	413	reflective markers	T080	C0008963
27942150	433	441	anterior	T082	C0205094
27942150	446	455	posterior	T082	C0205095
27942150	456	463	aspects	T080	C1879746
27942150	471	476	trunk	T029	C0460005
27942150	487	502	thoracic volume	T201	C0231961
27942150	510	515	quiet	T080	C0439654
27942150	520	530	volitional	T041	C0042950
27942150	531	545	deep breathing	T033	C1328799
27942150	555	588	three-dimensional motion analyzer	T074	C0025080
27942150	594	604	difference	T081	C1705241
27942150	608	614	volume	T081	C0449468
27942150	626	631	upper	T082	C1282910
27942150	636	641	lower	T082	C0441994
27942150	642	654	hemithoraces	T029	C0934569
27942150	659	667	measured	T080	C0444706
27942150	673	684	calculation	T052	C1441506
27942150	692	707	thoracic volume	T201	C0231961
27942150	712	731	imaginary hexahedra	T082	C2348964
27942150	756	761	upper	T082	C1282910
27942150	766	771	lower	T082	C0441994
27942150	772	778	thorax	T029	C0817096
27942150	790	808	reflective markers	T080	C0008963
27942150	825	833	anterior	T082	C0205094
27942150	838	847	posterior	T082	C0205095
27942150	848	855	aspects	T080	C1879746
27942150	863	869	thorax	T029	C0817096
27942150	876	886	hexahedron	T082	C2348964
27942150	915	944	imaginary triangular pyramids	T082	C1254362
27942150	948	957	calculate	T052	C1441506
27942150	958	968	positional	T033	C0240795
27942150	969	976	vectors	T082	C0442335
27942150	991	997	volume	T081	C0449468
27942150	1011	1020	hexahedra	T082	C2348964
27942150	1025	1044	triangular pyramids	T082	C1254362
27942150	1049	1059	calculated	T052	C1441506
27942150	1066	1082	thoracic volumes	T201	C0231961
27942150	1112	1120	findings	T169	C2607943
27942150	1137	1141	left	T082	C0205091
27942150	1142	1147	upper	T082	C1282910
27942150	1152	1157	right	T082	C0205090
27942150	1158	1163	lower	T082	C0441994
27942150	1164	1174	hemithorax	T029	C0934569
27942150	1197	1203	larger	T081	C0549177
27942150	1204	1220	thoracic volumes	T201	C0231961
27942150	1238	1248	conclusion	T078	C1707478
27942150	1253	1257	left	T082	C0205091
27942150	1258	1263	upper	T082	C1282910
27942150	1268	1273	right	T082	C0205090
27942150	1274	1279	lower	T082	C0441994
27942150	1280	1292	hemithoraces	T029	C0934569
27942150	1307	1313	expand	T082	C0205229
27942150	1344	1349	sides	T082	C0441987
27942150	1369	1384	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27942150	1388	1396	thoracic	T029	C0817096
27942150	1397	1406	excursion	T184	C0232086
27942150	1414	1419	quiet	T080	C0439654
27942150	1424	1434	volitional	T041	C0042950
27942150	1435	1449	deep breathing	T033	C1328799
27942150	1462	1467	value	T080	C0332320
27942150	1471	1481	assessment	T058	C0220825
27942150	1486	1497	instruction	T170	C1442085
27942150	1501	1521	breathing techniques	T065	C4040465
27942150	1525	1533	patients	T101	C0030705

27942245|t|Molecular diversity of α-gliadin expressed genes in genetically contrasted spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) accessions and comparison with bread wheat (T. aestivum ssp. aestivum) and related diploid Triticum and Aegilops species
27942245|a|The gluten proteins of cereals such as bread wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum) and spelt (T. aestivum ssp. spelta) are responsible for celiac disease (CD). The α-gliadins constitute the most immunogenic class of gluten proteins as they include four main T-cell stimulatory epitopes that affect CD patients. Spelt has been less studied than bread wheat and could constitute a source of valuable diversity. The objective of this work was to study the genetic diversity of spelt α-gliadin transcripts and to compare it with those of bread wheat. Genotyping data from 85 spelt accessions obtained with 19 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to select 11 contrasted accessions, from which 446 full open reading frame α-gliadin genes were cloned and sequenced, which revealed a high allelic diversity. High variations among the accessions were highlighted, in terms of the proportion of α-gliadin sequences from each of the three genomes (A, B and D), and their composition in the four T-cell stimulatory epitopes. An accession from Tajikistan stood out, having a particularly high proportion of α-gliadins from the B genome and a low immunogenic content. Even if no clear separation between spelt and bread wheat sequences was shown, spelt α-gliadins displayed specific features concerning e.g. the frequencies of some amino acid substitutions. Given this observation and the variations in toxicity revealed in the spelt accessions in this study, the high genetic diversity held in spelt germplasm collections could be a valuable resource in the development of safer varieties for CD patients.
27942245	0	9	Molecular	T080	C1521991
27942245	10	19	diversity	T080	C1880371
27942245	23	32	α-gliadin	T116,T123	C0002269
27942245	43	48	genes	T028	C0017337
27942245	52	74	genetically contrasted	T070	C0042333
27942245	75	80	spelt	T168	C3810879
27942245	82	111	Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta	T002	C0331515
27942245	113	123	accessions	T052	C1706078
27942245	144	155	bread wheat	T168	C0043137
27942245	157	182	T. aestivum ssp. aestivum	T002	C1123020
27942245	204	212	Triticum	T002	C0087114
27942245	217	225	Aegilops	T002	C1080901
27942245	226	233	species	T185	C1705920
27942245	238	253	gluten proteins	T116,T123	C0017842
27942245	257	264	cereals	T168	C0007757
27942245	273	284	bread wheat	T168	C0043137
27942245	286	317	Triticum aestivum ssp. aestivum	T002	C1123020
27942245	323	328	spelt	T168	C3810879
27942245	330	353	T. aestivum ssp. spelta	T002	C0331515
27942245	359	370	responsible	T033	C1273518
27942245	375	389	celiac disease	T047	C0007570
27942245	391	393	CD	T047	C0007570
27942245	400	410	α-gliadins	T116,T123	C0002269
27942245	431	442	immunogenic	T169	C0872192
27942245	452	467	gluten proteins	T116,T123	C0017842
27942245	494	521	T-cell stimulatory epitopes	T129	C0282580
27942245	534	536	CD	T047	C0007570
27942245	537	545	patients	T101	C0030705
27942245	547	552	Spelt	T168	C3810879
27942245	580	591	bread wheat	T168	C0043137
27942245	634	643	diversity	T080	C1880371
27942245	679	684	study	T062	C2603343
27942245	689	706	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27942245	710	715	spelt	T168	C3810879
27942245	716	737	α-gliadin transcripts	T114	C1519595
27942245	770	781	bread wheat	T168	C0043137
27942245	783	793	Genotyping	T059	C1285573
27942245	794	798	data	T078	C1511726
27942245	807	812	spelt	T168	C3810879
27942245	813	823	accessions	T052	C1706078
27942245	841	863	simple sequence repeat	T114,T123	C1519302
27942245	865	868	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
27942245	870	877	markers	T045	C0017393
27942245	912	922	accessions	T052	C1706078
27942245	944	962	open reading frame	T028	C0079941
27942245	963	978	α-gliadin genes	T028	C0017337
27942245	984	990	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
27942245	995	1004	sequenced	T059	C1294197
27942245	1012	1020	revealed	T080	C0443289
27942245	1028	1035	allelic	T028	C0002085
27942245	1036	1045	diversity	T080	C1880371
27942245	1052	1062	variations	T070	C0042333
27942245	1073	1083	accessions	T052	C1706078
27942245	1132	1151	α-gliadin sequences	T086	C0314659
27942245	1175	1195	genomes (A, B and D)	T028	C0017428
27942245	1231	1258	T-cell stimulatory epitopes	T129	C0282580
27942245	1263	1272	accession	T052	C1706078
27942245	1278	1288	Tajikistan	T083	C0039247
27942245	1341	1351	α-gliadins	T116,T123	C0002269
27942245	1361	1369	B genome	T028	C0017428
27942245	1380	1391	immunogenic	T169	C0872192
27942245	1437	1442	spelt	T168	C3810879
27942245	1447	1458	bread wheat	T168	C0043137
27942245	1459	1468	sequences	T086	C0314659
27942245	1480	1485	spelt	T168	C3810879
27942245	1486	1496	α-gliadins	T116,T123	C0002269
27942245	1565	1589	amino acid substitutions	T045	C0525038
27942245	1622	1632	variations	T070	C0042333
27942245	1636	1644	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27942245	1645	1653	revealed	T080	C0443289
27942245	1661	1666	spelt	T168	C3810879
27942245	1667	1677	accessions	T052	C1706078
27942245	1686	1691	study	T062	C2603343
27942245	1702	1719	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27942245	1728	1733	spelt	T168	C3810879
27942245	1734	1755	germplasm collections	T002	C4046074
27942245	1813	1822	varieties	T070	C0042333
27942245	1827	1829	CD	T047	C0007570
27942245	1830	1838	patients	T101	C0030705

27942475|t|Sinogram -based coil selection for streak artifact reduction in undersampled radial real-time magnetic resonance imaging
27942475|a|Streak artifacts are a common problem in radial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We therefore developed a method for automatically excluding receiver coil elements which lead to these artifacts. The proposed coil selection relates to real-time MRI data based on highly undersampled radial acquisitions. It exploits differences between high- and low-resolution sinograms reconstructed from datasets acquired during preparatory scans. Apart from phantom validations, the performance was assessed for real-time MRI studies of different human organ systems in vivo. The algorithm greatly reduces streak artifact strength without compromising image quality in other parts of the image. It is robust with respect to different experimental settings and fast to be included in the online reconstruction pipeline for real-time MRI. The proposed method enables a fast reduction of streak artifacts in radial real-time MRI.
27942475	0	8	Sinogram	T060	C0412195
27942475	16	20	coil	T074	C1705946
27942475	21	30	selection	T052	C1707391
27942475	35	50	streak artifact	T033	C2828115
27942475	51	60	reduction	T080	C0392756
27942475	77	120	radial real-time magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C1135565
27942475	121	137	Streak artifacts	T033	C2828115
27942475	162	195	radial magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27942475	197	200	MRI	T060	C0024485
27942475	228	234	method	T169	C0449851
27942475	239	252	automatically	T033	C3842331
27942475	253	262	excluding	T169	C0332196
27942475	263	271	receiver	T073	C1706201
27942475	272	276	coil	T074	C1705946
27942475	277	285	elements	T077	C1705248
27942475	306	315	artifacts	T033	C2828115
27942475	330	334	coil	T074	C1705946
27942475	335	344	selection	T052	C1707391
27942475	356	369	real-time MRI	T060	C1135565
27942475	404	410	radial	T077	C0442038
27942475	411	423	acquisitions	T052	C1706701
27942475	457	462	high-	T059	C1719039
27942475	467	481	low-resolution	T033	C4038402
27942475	482	491	sinograms	T060	C0412195
27942475	511	519	datasets	T170	C0150098
27942475	548	553	scans	T060	C0441633
27942475	566	573	phantom	T073	C0282611
27942475	591	602	performance	T052	C1882330
27942475	607	615	assessed	T052	C1516048
27942475	620	633	real-time MRI	T060	C1135565
27942475	634	641	studies	T062	C2603343
27942475	655	660	human	T016	C0086418
27942475	661	674	organ systems	T022	C0460002
27942475	675	682	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27942475	688	697	algorithm	T170	C0002045
27942475	706	713	reduces	T080	C0392756
27942475	714	729	streak artifact	T033	C2828115
27942475	730	738	strength	T078	C0808080
27942475	760	773	image quality	T080	C0806487
27942475	796	801	image	T170	C1704922
27942475	842	863	experimental settings	T062	C0015320
27942475	895	925	online reconstruction pipeline	T170	C0871840
27942475	930	943	real-time MRI	T060	C1135565
27942475	958	964	method	T169	C0449851
27942475	980	989	reduction	T080	C0392756
27942475	993	1009	streak artifacts	T033	C2828115
27942475	1013	1033	radial real-time MRI	T060	C1135565

27942489|t|Is minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery the new benchmark for treating mitral valve disease?
27942489|a|The treatment of mitral valve disease remains dynamic; surgeons and patients must now choose between many different surgical options when addressing mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis. Notably, advances in imaging and surgical instrumentation allow surgeons to perform less invasive mitral valve surgery that spares the sternum. With favorable long-term data now emerging, we compare the benefits and risks of thoracoscopic mitral valve surgery with that through conventional sternotomy or surgery that is robot-assisted.
27942489	3	12	minimally	T080	C0547040
27942489	13	21	invasive	T169	C0038895
27942489	22	43	thoracoscopic surgery	T061	C0751551
27942489	66	74	treating	T169	C1522326
27942489	75	95	mitral valve disease	T047	C0026265
27942489	101	110	treatment	T061	C0087111
27942489	114	134	mitral valve disease	T047	C0026265
27942489	143	150	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27942489	152	160	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27942489	165	173	patients	T101	C0030705
27942489	183	189	choose	T052	C1707391
27942489	213	221	surgical	T061	C0543467
27942489	222	229	options	T061	C0683525
27942489	246	266	mitral regurgitation	T046	C0026266
27942489	271	286	mitral stenosis	T047	C0026269
27942489	297	305	advances	T079	C3854260
27942489	309	316	imaging	T060	C0011923
27942489	321	329	surgical	T061	C0543467
27942489	330	345	instrumentation	T081	C1704339
27942489	352	360	surgeons	T097	C0582175
27942489	377	385	invasive	T169	C0038895
27942489	386	398	mitral valve	T023	C0026264
27942489	399	406	surgery	T061	C0543467
27942489	423	430	sternum	T023	C0038293
27942489	447	456	long-term	T079	C0443252
27942489	457	461	data	T078	C1511726
27942489	479	486	compare	T052	C1707455
27942489	491	499	benefits	T081	C0814225
27942489	504	509	risks	T078	C0035647
27942489	513	547	thoracoscopic mitral valve surgery	T061	C0751551
27942489	566	578	conventional	T081	C0205214
27942489	579	589	sternotomy	T061	C0185792
27942489	593	623	surgery that is robot-assisted	T061	C2349249

27942614|t|The mechanism and application of the protein -stabilized gold nanocluster sensing system
27942614|a|Protein -stabilized gold nanoclusters (protein - Au NCs) have been an attractive frontier of nanoparticle research. Due to their unique fluorescence properties, high stability, environmentally friendly synthetic routes and nontoxicity, protein - Au NCs could find applications in highly sensitive and selective detection of metal ions, inorganic ions and biomolecules in food, soil, water and biological samples. The past few years have witnessed the development of many successful strategies for the preparation of numerous protein - Au NC -based sensing systems. In this review, we focus on a number of sensing systems based on protein - Au NCs for the detection of various analytes of interest with a special emphasis on their corresponding sensing mechanisms.
27942614	37	44	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27942614	57	61	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27942614	62	73	nanocluster	T073	C1450053
27942614	74	88	sensing system	T073	C0183210
27942614	89	96	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27942614	109	113	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27942614	114	126	nanoclusters	T073	C1450053
27942614	128	135	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27942614	138	140	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27942614	141	144	NCs	T073	C1450053
27942614	182	203	nanoparticle research	T062	C0035168
27942614	225	237	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27942614	250	264	high stability	T080	C0205360
27942614	312	323	nontoxicity	T080	C1518413
27942614	325	332	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27942614	335	337	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27942614	338	341	NCs	T073	C1450053
27942614	353	365	applications	T169	C4048755
27942614	369	385	highly sensitive	T080	C0439822
27942614	390	399	selective	T052	C1707391
27942614	400	409	detection	T033	C0442726
27942614	413	423	metal ions	T196	C0022023
27942614	425	439	inorganic ions	T196	C0022023
27942614	444	456	biomolecules	T167	C0439861
27942614	460	464	food	T168	C0016452
27942614	466	470	soil	T167	C0037592
27942614	472	477	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27942614	482	500	biological samples	UnknownType	C0444062
27942614	614	621	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27942614	624	626	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27942614	627	629	NC	T073	C1450053
27942614	637	652	sensing systems	T073	C0183210
27942614	694	709	sensing systems	T073	C0183210
27942614	719	726	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27942614	729	731	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
27942614	732	735	NCs	T073	C1450053
27942614	744	753	detection	T033	C0442726
27942614	765	773	analytes	T167	C0443354
27942614	833	840	sensing	T033	C0442726

27942663|t|NIR upconversion fluorescence glucose sensing and glucose - responsive insulin release of carbon dot - immobilized hybrid microgels at physiological pH
27942663|a|This work reports the preparation of multifunctional hybrid microgels based on the one-pot free radical dispersion polymerization of hydrogen-bonding complexes in water, formed from hydroxyl / carboxyl bearing carbon dots with 4-vinylphenylboronic acid and acrylamide comonomers, which can realize the simultaneous optical detection of glucose using near infrared light and glucose - responsive insulin delivery.
27942663	0	3	NIR	T060	C4288612
27942663	4	16	upconversion	T067	C1254366
27942663	17	29	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
27942663	30	45	glucose sensing	T043	C1658150
27942663	50	57	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27942663	60	70	responsive	T169	C0205342
27942663	71	78	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27942663	79	86	release	T169	C0391871
27942663	90	96	carbon	T196	C0007009
27942663	97	100	dot	T073	C1258084
27942663	103	114	immobilized	T061	C0020944
27942663	115	131	hybrid microgels	T122	C0017243
27942663	135	148	physiological	T169	C0205463
27942663	149	151	pH	T081	C0020283
27942663	157	161	work	T062	C0035168
27942663	162	169	reports	T058	C0700287
27942663	174	185	preparation	T052	C1521827
27942663	189	204	multifunctional	T169	C0205245
27942663	205	221	hybrid microgels	T122	C0017243
27942663	243	255	free radical	T104,T123	C0016693
27942663	256	266	dispersion	T082	C0332624
27942663	267	281	polymerization	T067	C0314672
27942663	285	301	hydrogen-bonding	T070	C0020276
27942663	302	311	complexes	T104	C1704241
27942663	315	320	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27942663	322	328	formed	T169	C0205431
27942663	334	342	hydroxyl	T197	C0700307
27942663	345	353	carboxyl	T109	C0596260
27942663	362	368	carbon	T196	C0007009
27942663	369	373	dots	T073	C1258084
27942663	379	404	4-vinylphenylboronic acid	T109	C0966624
27942663	409	419	acrylamide	T109,T131	C0050587
27942663	420	430	comonomers	T104	C0596973
27942663	467	474	optical	T090	C0029144
27942663	475	484	detection	T061	C1511790
27942663	488	495	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27942663	502	521	near infrared light	T059	C0376519
27942663	526	533	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27942663	536	546	responsive	T169	C0205342
27942663	547	554	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27942663	555	563	delivery	T169	C1705822

27942907|t|Who contributes more to N2O emission during sludge bio-drying with two different aeration strategies, nitrifiers or denitrifiers?
27942907|a|Global warming effects have drawn more and more attention to studying all sources and sinks of nitrous oxide (N2O). Sludge bio-drying, as an effective sludge treatment technology, is being adopted worldwide. In this study, two aeration strategies (piles I and II) were compared to investigate the primary contributors to N2O emission during sludge bio-drying through studying the evolution of functional genes involved in nitrification (amoA, hao, and nxrA) and denitrification (narG, nirS, nirK, norB, and nosZ) by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results showed that the profile of N2O emission can be divided into three stages, traditional denitrification contributed largely to N2O emission at stage I (days 1-5), but N2O emission mainly happened at stage II (days 5-14) due to nitrifier denitrification and NH2OH accumulation by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), accounting for 51.4% and 58.2% of total N2O emission for piles I and II, respectively. At stage III (days 14-21), nitrifier denitrification was inhibited because sludge bio-drying proceeded mainly by the physical aeration, thus N2O emission decreased and changed little. The improved aeration strategy availed pile I to reduce N2O emission much especially at stages II and III, respectively. These results indicated that nitrifier denitrification by AOB and biological NH2OH oxidation due to AOB made more contribution to N2O emission, and aeration strategy was crucial to mitigate N2O emission during sludge bio-drying.
27942907	24	27	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	28	36	emission	T167	C2349995
27942907	44	50	sludge	T069	C0282346
27942907	51	61	bio-drying	T038	C3714634
27942907	81	89	aeration	T033	C0429627
27942907	102	112	nitrifiers	T001	C0029235
27942907	116	128	denitrifiers	T001	C0029235
27942907	130	144	Global warming	T069	C0206217
27942907	145	152	effects	T080	C1280500
27942907	204	211	sources	T033	C0449416
27942907	225	238	nitrous oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	240	243	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	246	252	Sludge	T069	C0282346
27942907	253	263	bio-drying	T038	C3714634
27942907	281	287	sludge	T069	C0282346
27942907	288	297	treatment	T169	C1522326
27942907	298	308	technology	T090	C0039421
27942907	327	336	worldwide	T098	C2700280
27942907	357	365	aeration	T033	C0429627
27942907	451	454	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	455	463	emission	T167	C2349995
27942907	471	477	sludge	T069	C0282346
27942907	478	488	bio-drying	T038	C3714634
27942907	510	519	evolution	T045	C0015219
27942907	523	533	functional	T169	C0542341
27942907	534	539	genes	T028	C0017337
27942907	552	565	nitrification	T038	C0597069
27942907	567	571	amoA	T028	C0017337
27942907	573	576	hao	T028	C0017337
27942907	582	586	nxrA	T028	C0017337
27942907	592	607	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27942907	609	613	narG	T028	C0017337
27942907	615	619	nirS	T028	C0017337
27942907	621	625	nirK	T028	C0017337
27942907	627	631	norB	T028	C0017337
27942907	637	641	nosZ	T028	C0017337
27942907	646	662	quantitative PCR	T059	C2733022
27942907	664	668	qPCR	T059	C2733022
27942907	706	709	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	710	718	emission	T167	C2349995
27942907	745	751	stages	T079	C1306673
27942907	765	780	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27942907	804	807	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	808	816	emission	T167	C2349995
27942907	820	827	stage I	T079	C1306673
27942907	829	833	days	T079	C0439228
27942907	844	847	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	848	856	emission	T167	C2349995
27942907	876	884	stage II	T079	C1306673
27942907	886	890	days	T079	C0439228
27942907	904	913	nitrifier	T001	C0029235
27942907	914	929	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27942907	934	939	NH2OH	T197	C0020362
27942907	940	952	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27942907	956	982	ammonia-oxidizing bacteria	T007	C1003862
27942907	984	987	AOB	T007	C1003862
27942907	1030	1033	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	1034	1042	emission	T167	C2349995
27942907	1080	1089	stage III	T079	C1306673
27942907	1091	1095	days	T079	C0439228
27942907	1104	1113	nitrifier	T001	C0029235
27942907	1114	1129	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27942907	1134	1143	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27942907	1152	1158	sludge	T069	C0282346
27942907	1159	1169	bio-drying	T038	C3714634
27942907	1194	1202	physical	T169	C0205485
27942907	1203	1211	aeration	T033	C0429627
27942907	1218	1221	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	1222	1230	emission	T167	C2349995
27942907	1231	1240	decreased	T081	C0547047
27942907	1274	1282	aeration	T033	C0429627
27942907	1310	1316	reduce	T080	C0392756
27942907	1317	1320	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	1321	1329	emission	T167	C2349995
27942907	1349	1358	stages II	T079	C1306673
27942907	1363	1366	III	T079	C1306673
27942907	1411	1420	nitrifier	T001	C0029235
27942907	1421	1436	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27942907	1440	1443	AOB	T007	C1003862
27942907	1448	1458	biological	T080	C0205460
27942907	1459	1464	NH2OH	T197	C0020362
27942907	1465	1474	oxidation	T044	C0030011
27942907	1482	1485	AOB	T007	C1003862
27942907	1512	1515	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	1516	1524	emission	T167	C2349995
27942907	1530	1538	aeration	T033	C0429627
27942907	1563	1571	mitigate	T067	C1553901
27942907	1572	1575	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
27942907	1576	1584	emission	T167	C2349995
27942907	1592	1598	sludge	T069	C0282346
27942907	1599	1609	bio-drying	T038	C3714634

27942974|t|Turkey herpesvirus with an insertion in the UL3-4 region displays an appropriate balance between growth activity and antibody -eliciting capacity and is suitable for the establishment of a recombinant vaccine
27942974|a|We constructed turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vector vaccines in which the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was inserted into the HVT genome in the following regions: UL3-4, UL22-23, UL45-46, and US10-SORF3. We then evaluated the relationship between the gene insertion site and the capacity of the virus to elicit antibodies. rHVT/IBD (US10) showed good growth activity in vitro, with growth comparable to that of the parent HVT. On the other hand, rHVT/IBD (UL3-4), rHVT/IBD (UL22-23), and rHVT/IBD (UL45-46) exhibited decreased growth activity in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells compared to the parent HVT. However, the rHVT/IBD (US10) elicited lower levels of virus-neutralizing (VN) antibodies compared to the other constructs. rHVT/IBD (UL3-4) and rHVT/IBD (UL45-46) appeared to be similar in their ability to elicit VN antibodies. Based on the results of in vitro and in vivo assays, rHVT/IBD (UL3-4) was selected for further testing. In a challenge assay, rHVT/IBD (UL3-4) protected chickens from challenge with virulent Marek's disease virus serotype 1 and IBDV. In conclusion, the site of gene insertion may have a strong effect on the growth of the vector virus in vitro and its antibody -eliciting capacity. Insertions in the UL3-4 region permitted a balance between growth activity and VN-antibody -eliciting capacity, and this region might therefore be an appropriate insertion site for IBDV VP2.
27942974	0	18	Turkey herpesvirus	T005	C0024794
27942974	27	36	insertion	T049	C1955829
27942974	44	56	UL3-4 region	T086	C0314659
27942974	97	103	growth	T043	C0007595
27942974	104	112	activity	T052	C0441655
27942974	117	125	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27942974	137	145	capacity	T081	C1516240
27942974	189	208	recombinant vaccine	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27942974	224	242	turkey herpesvirus	T005	C0024794
27942974	244	247	HVT	T005	C0024794
27942974	249	264	vector vaccines	T121,T129	C0597641
27942974	278	286	VP2 gene	T028	C0017337
27942974	290	321	infectious bursal disease virus	T005	C0021338
27942974	323	327	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27942974	351	354	HVT	T005	C0024794
27942974	355	361	genome	T028	C0017428
27942974	388	393	UL3-4	T086	C0314659
27942974	395	402	UL22-23	T086	C0314659
27942974	404	411	UL45-46	T086	C0314659
27942974	417	427	US10-SORF3	T086	C0314659
27942974	476	490	gene insertion	T049	C1955829
27942974	504	512	capacity	T081	C1516240
27942974	520	525	virus	T005	C0042776
27942974	536	546	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27942974	548	556	rHVT/IBD	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27942974	558	562	US10	T086	C0314659
27942974	576	582	growth	T043	C0007595
27942974	583	591	activity	T052	C0441655
27942974	592	600	in vitro	T062	C1515653
27942974	607	613	growth	T043	C0007595
27942974	647	650	HVT	T005	C0024794
27942974	647	650	HVT	T005	C0024794
27942974	671	679	rHVT/IBD	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27942974	681	686	UL3-4	T086	C0314659
27942974	689	697	rHVT/IBD	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27942974	699	706	UL22-23	T086	C0314659
27942974	713	721	rHVT/IBD	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27942974	723	730	UL45-46	T086	C0314659
27942974	752	758	growth	T043	C0007595
27942974	759	767	activity	T052	C0441655
27942974	771	785	chicken embryo	T018	C0008046
27942974	786	808	fibroblast (CEF) cells	T025	C0016030
27942974	832	835	HVT	T005	C0024794
27942974	850	858	rHVT/IBD	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27942974	860	864	US10	T086	C0314659
27942974	891	925	virus-neutralizing (VN) antibodies	T129	C2986386
27942974	960	968	rHVT/IBD	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27942974	970	975	UL3-4	T086	C0314659
27942974	981	989	rHVT/IBD	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27942974	991	998	UL45-46	T086	C0314659
27942974	1050	1063	VN antibodies	T129	C2986386
27942974	1089	1097	in vitro	T062	C1515653
27942974	1102	1116	in vivo assays	T062	C0681829
27942974	1118	1126	rHVT/IBD	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27942974	1128	1133	UL3-4	T086	C0314659
27942974	1160	1167	testing	T169	C0039593
27942974	1184	1189	assay	T059	C0005507
27942974	1191	1199	rHVT/IBD	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27942974	1201	1206	UL3-4	T086	C0314659
27942974	1218	1226	chickens	T012	C0008051
27942974	1256	1288	Marek's disease virus serotype 1	T005	C0024794
27942974	1293	1297	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27942974	1326	1340	gene insertion	T049	C1955829
27942974	1373	1379	growth	T043	C0007595
27942974	1387	1399	vector virus	T114	C1254348
27942974	1400	1408	in vitro	T062	C1515653
27942974	1417	1425	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
27942974	1437	1445	capacity	T081	C1516240
27942974	1447	1457	Insertions	T049	C1955829
27942974	1465	1477	UL3-4 region	T086	C0314659
27942974	1506	1512	growth	T043	C0007595
27942974	1513	1521	activity	T052	C0441655
27942974	1526	1537	VN-antibody	T129	C2986386
27942974	1549	1557	capacity	T081	C1516240
27942974	1609	1623	insertion site	T082	C0449682
27942974	1628	1632	IBDV	T005	C0021338
27942974	1633	1636	VP2	T028	C0017337

27943194|t|Analyzing Endosomal Docking, Fusion, Sorting, and Budding Mechanisms in Isolated Organelles
27943194|a|Due to their central role in the reception and sorting of newly internalized material, early endosomes undergo extensive membrane remodeling. They dock and fuse with endocytic carrier vesicles originating from the plasma membrane, sort the internalized material in internal microdomains, and allow the budding of new carrier vesicles from their membrane, destined to fuse with the plasma membrane (recycling) or other organelles. Early endosomal compartments might also be involved in the recycling of synaptic vesicles in nerve terminals. The present protocol describes a technique allowing to assess the mechanistic and molecular aspects of the membrane remodeling processes of docking, fusion, sorting, and budding in early endosomes of neuron -like (and other) cells. It involves the fluorescent labeling and isolation of endosomal organelles, the setup of assays allowing for docking / fusion or sorting / budding in vitro, and finally the assessment and quantification of the membrane remodeling events by fluorescent microscopy. The technique can be easily manipulated by the addition of inhibitors or activators, and can be combined with other techniques, such as immunostaining and high-resolution microscopy, expanding the experimental possibilities in the investigation of early endosomal characteristics.
27943194	0	9	Analyzing	T062	C0936012
27943194	10	19	Endosomal	T026	C0034850
27943194	20	27	Docking	T043	C1818621
27943194	29	35	Fusion	T061	C1293131
27943194	37	44	Sorting	T043	C0700314
27943194	50	57	Budding	T043	C1155616
27943194	58	68	Mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27943194	72	80	Isolated	T169	C0205409
27943194	81	91	Organelles	T026	C0029219
27943194	125	134	reception	T042	C0544683
27943194	139	146	sorting	T043	C0700314
27943194	156	168	internalized	T033	C0243095
27943194	169	177	material	T167	C0520510
27943194	185	194	endosomes	T026	C0034850
27943194	203	212	extensive	T080	C0205231
27943194	213	221	membrane	T026	C0596901
27943194	222	232	remodeling	T038	C3714634
27943194	239	243	dock	T043	C1818621
27943194	248	252	fuse	T169	C0699952
27943194	258	267	endocytic	T043	C0014139
27943194	268	284	carrier vesicles	T026	C0230825
27943194	306	321	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27943194	332	344	internalized	T033	C0243095
27943194	345	353	material	T167	C0520510
27943194	357	365	internal	T082	C0205102
27943194	366	378	microdomains	T026	C0887868
27943194	394	401	budding	T043	C1155616
27943194	409	425	carrier vesicles	T026	C0230825
27943194	437	445	membrane	T026	C0596901
27943194	459	463	fuse	T169	C0699952
27943194	473	488	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
27943194	490	499	recycling	T026	C2262707
27943194	510	520	organelles	T026	C0029219
27943194	528	550	endosomal compartments	T030	C2336292
27943194	581	611	recycling of synaptic vesicles	T026	C3896254
27943194	615	630	nerve terminals	T026	C0027747
27943194	644	652	protocol	T170	C2348563
27943194	665	674	technique	T169	C0449851
27943194	687	693	assess	T058	C0184514
27943194	698	709	mechanistic	T169	C0441712
27943194	714	731	molecular aspects	T044	C1148560
27943194	739	747	membrane	T026	C0596901
27943194	748	758	remodeling	T038	C3714634
27943194	772	779	docking	T043	C1818621
27943194	781	787	fusion	T061	C1293131
27943194	789	796	sorting	T043	C0700314
27943194	802	809	budding	T043	C1155616
27943194	819	828	endosomes	T026	C0034850
27943194	832	838	neuron	T025	C0027882
27943194	857	862	cells	T025	C0007634
27943194	880	900	fluorescent labeling	T060	C0430876
27943194	905	914	isolation	T061	C0204727
27943194	918	927	endosomal	T026	C0034850
27943194	928	938	organelles	T026	C0029219
27943194	953	959	assays	T059	C0005507
27943194	973	980	docking	T043	C1818621
27943194	983	989	fusion	T061	C1293131
27943194	993	1000	sorting	T043	C0700314
27943194	1003	1010	budding	T043	C1155616
27943194	1011	1019	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27943194	1037	1047	assessment	T058	C0220825
27943194	1052	1066	quantification	T081	C1709793
27943194	1074	1082	membrane	T026	C0596901
27943194	1083	1093	remodeling	T038	C3714634
27943194	1104	1126	fluorescent microscopy	T059	C0026022
27943194	1132	1141	technique	T169	C0449851
27943194	1187	1197	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27943194	1201	1211	activators	T120	C1254355
27943194	1224	1232	combined	T080	C0205195
27943194	1244	1254	techniques	T169	C0449851
27943194	1264	1278	immunostaining	T059	C0487602
27943194	1283	1309	high-resolution microscopy	T059	C2697588
27943194	1359	1372	investigation	T058	C0220825
27943194	1382	1391	endosomal	T026	C0034850
27943194	1392	1407	characteristics	T080	C1521970

27943546|t|Effect of race and ethnicity on vildagliptin efficacy: A pooled analysis of phase II and III studies
27943546|a|To determine the impact of race and ethnicity on the efficacy, body weight and hypoglycaemia incidence with vildagliptin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using patient-level data from the vildagliptin clinical trial programme. Data from 22 randomized, placebo-controlled global and local (Japan, China) registration studies of vildagliptin (50 mg once-daily or twice-daily) of ≥12-week duration were analysed by race (Caucasian [n = 2764] and Asian [n = 2232]) and by ethnicity (Japanese, Chinese, and Indian). The placebo-subtracted differences in the change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight from baseline to week 12 or week 24 were evaluated by race or ethnicity using repeated measure analysis of unstructured covariance. Hypoglycaemia incidences were summarized using descriptive statistics. The HbA1c reduction from baseline with vildagliptin was similar across the racial / ethnic subgroups (-0.83% ± 0.02% to -1.01% ± 0.05%). Placebo-corrected HbA1c reduction was similar between Caucasian (-0.68% ± 0.03%) and Asian (-0.80% ± 0.03%) patients (P value for interaction = .56); analysis by race and ethnicity showed better efficacy (P < .02) in Japanese patients. Japanese patients were drug-naïve and treated with a single oral anti-diabetes drug only; they showed no response to placebo. Weight neutrality of vildagliptin was demonstrated in all groups (0.47 ± 0.11 kg to -0.29 ± 0.08 kg). Hypoglycaemic events (≥1) were infrequent in all ethnic subgroups. The glycaemic efficacy of vildagliptin was similar in Caucasian and Asian patients. The slightly better efficacy observed in Japanese patients was driven by the absence of placebo effect and might be explained by their earlier stage of diabetes compared to other subgroups.
27943546	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
27943546	10	14	race	T098	C0034510
27943546	19	28	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
27943546	32	44	vildagliptin	T109,T121	C1570906
27943546	45	53	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27943546	57	72	pooled analysis	UnknownType	C0814924
27943546	76	84	phase II	T062	C0282460
27943546	89	100	III studies	T062	C0282461
27943546	118	124	impact	T080	C4049986
27943546	128	132	race	T098	C0034510
27943546	137	146	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
27943546	154	162	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27943546	164	175	body weight	T032	C0005910
27943546	180	193	hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
27943546	194	203	incidence	T081	C0021149
27943546	209	221	vildagliptin	T109,T121	C1570906
27943546	222	231	treatment	T061	C0087111
27943546	235	243	patients	T101	C0030705
27943546	249	273	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27943546	280	298	patient-level data	T170	C1516606
27943546	308	320	vildagliptin	T109,T121	C1570906
27943546	321	345	clinical trial programme	T062	C0008976
27943546	347	351	Data	T078	C1511726
27943546	372	390	placebo-controlled	T062	C1706408
27943546	391	397	global	T080	C2348867
27943546	402	407	local	T082	C0205276
27943546	409	414	Japan	T083	C0022341
27943546	416	421	China	T083	C0008115
27943546	423	443	registration studies	T062	C0008972
27943546	447	459	vildagliptin	T109,T121	C1570906
27943546	467	477	once-daily	T079	C0556983
27943546	481	492	twice-daily	T079	C0585361
27943546	532	536	race	T098	C0034510
27943546	538	547	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27943546	563	568	Asian	T098	C0078988
27943546	588	597	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
27943546	599	607	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27943546	609	616	Chinese	T098	C0152035
27943546	622	628	Indian	T098	C1524069
27943546	635	665	placebo-subtracted differences	T078	C0032041
27943546	683	703	glycated haemoglobin	T116,T123	C0017853
27943546	705	710	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0017853
27943546	716	727	body weight	T032	C0005910
27943546	733	741	baseline	T081	C1442488
27943546	745	749	week	T079	C0439230
27943546	756	760	week	T079	C0439230
27943546	782	786	race	T098	C0034510
27943546	790	799	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
27943546	860	873	Hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
27943546	874	884	incidences	T081	C0021149
27943546	935	940	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0017853
27943546	941	950	reduction	T061	C0441610
27943546	956	964	baseline	T081	C1442488
27943546	970	982	vildagliptin	T109,T121	C1570906
27943546	1006	1012	racial	T098	C0034510
27943546	1015	1031	ethnic subgroups	T098	C0015031
27943546	1068	1085	Placebo-corrected	T078	C0032041
27943546	1086	1091	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0017853
27943546	1092	1101	reduction	T061	C0441610
27943546	1122	1131	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27943546	1153	1158	Asian	T098	C0078988
27943546	1176	1184	patients	T101	C0030705
27943546	1230	1234	race	T098	C0034510
27943546	1239	1248	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
27943546	1263	1271	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27943546	1285	1293	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27943546	1294	1302	patients	T101	C0030705
27943546	1304	1312	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27943546	1313	1321	patients	T101	C0030705
27943546	1342	1354	treated with	T061	C0332293
27943546	1364	1368	oral	T030	C0226896
27943546	1369	1387	anti-diabetes drug	T121	C1254351
27943546	1421	1428	placebo	T122	C1696465
27943546	1430	1436	Weight	T032	C0005910
27943546	1437	1447	neutrality	T078	C0680444
27943546	1451	1463	vildagliptin	T109,T121	C1570906
27943546	1488	1494	groups	T098	C1257890
27943546	1532	1552	Hypoglycaemic events	T047	C0342312
27943546	1581	1597	ethnic subgroups	T098	C0015031
27943546	1603	1612	glycaemic	T109	C0005802
27943546	1613	1621	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27943546	1625	1637	vildagliptin	T109,T121	C1570906
27943546	1653	1662	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
27943546	1667	1672	Asian	T098	C0078988
27943546	1673	1681	patients	T101	C0030705
27943546	1703	1711	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27943546	1724	1732	Japanese	T098	C1556094
27943546	1733	1741	patients	T101	C0030705
27943546	1771	1785	placebo effect	T078	C0032041
27943546	1835	1843	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27943546	1862	1871	subgroups	T098	C1257890

27951480|t|Development of the four-item Letter and Shape Drawing test (LSD-4): A brief bedside test of visuospatial function
27951480|a|Conventional bedside tests of visuospatial function such as the Clock Drawing (CDT) and Intersecting Pentagons (IPT) lack consistency in delivery and interpretation. We compared performance on a novel test of visuospatial ability - the LSD - with the IPT, CDT and MMSE in 180 acute elderly medical inpatients [mean age 79.7±7.1 (range 62-96); 91 females (50.6%)]. 124 (69%) scored ≤23 on the MMSE; 60 with mild (score 18-23) and 64 with severe (score ≤17) impairment. 78 (43%) scored ≥6 on the CDT, while for the IPT, 87 (47%) scored ≥4. The CDT and IPT agreed on the classification of 138 patients (77%) with modest- strong agreement with the MMSE categories. Correlation between the LSD and visuospatial tests was high. A four-item version of the LSD incorporating items 1,10,12,15 had high correlation with the LSD-15 and strong association with MMSE categories. The LSD-4 provides a brief and easily interpreted bedside test of visuospatial function that has high coverage of elderly patients with neurocognitive impairment, good agreement with conventional tests of visuospatial ability and favourable ability to identify significant cognitive impairment. [181 words].
27951480	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
27951480	19	58	four-item Letter and Shape Drawing test	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	60	65	LSD-4	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	76	88	bedside test	T060	C0282662
27951480	92	113	visuospatial function	T041	C2370887
27951480	114	126	Conventional	T080	C0439858
27951480	127	140	bedside tests	T060	C0282662
27951480	144	165	visuospatial function	T041	C2370887
27951480	178	191	Clock Drawing	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	193	196	CDT	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	202	224	Intersecting Pentagons	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	226	229	IPT	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	231	235	lack	T080	C0332268
27951480	236	247	consistency	T080	C0332529
27951480	264	278	interpretation	T033	C0456377
27951480	283	291	compared	T052	C1707455
27951480	292	303	performance	T052	C1882330
27951480	323	343	visuospatial ability	T041	C0814069
27951480	350	353	LSD	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	365	368	IPT	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	370	373	CDT	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	378	382	MMSE	T060	C0451306
27951480	390	395	acute	T079	C0205178
27951480	396	403	elderly	T098	C0001792
27951480	404	411	medical	T169	C0205476
27951480	412	422	inpatients	T101	C0021562
27951480	424	428	mean	T081	C0444504
27951480	429	432	age	T032	C0001779
27951480	443	448	range	T081	C1514721
27951480	460	467	females	T032	C0086287
27951480	488	494	scored	T081	C0449820
27951480	506	510	MMSE	T060	C0451306
27951480	520	524	mild	T080	C2945599
27951480	526	531	score	T081	C0449820
27951480	551	557	severe	T080	C0205082
27951480	559	564	score	T081	C0449820
27951480	570	580	impairment	T169	C0221099
27951480	591	597	scored	T081	C0449820
27951480	608	611	CDT	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	627	630	IPT	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	641	647	scored	T081	C0449820
27951480	656	659	CDT	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	664	667	IPT	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	668	674	agreed	T033	C3641827
27951480	682	696	classification	T185	C0008902
27951480	704	712	patients	T101	C0030705
27951480	732	738	strong	T080	C0442821
27951480	758	762	MMSE	T060	C0451306
27951480	763	773	categories	T170	C0683312
27951480	775	786	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27951480	799	802	LSD	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	807	825	visuospatial tests	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	830	834	high	T080	C0205250
27951480	838	855	four-item version	T170	C0333052
27951480	863	866	LSD	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	881	886	items	T071	C1551338
27951480	902	906	high	T080	C0205250
27951480	907	918	correlation	T080	C1707520
27951480	928	934	LSD-15	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	939	945	strong	T080	C0442821
27951480	946	962	association with	T080	C0332281
27951480	963	967	MMSE	T060	C0451306
27951480	968	978	categories	T170	C0683312
27951480	984	989	LSD-4	UnknownType	C0260168
27951480	1011	1017	easily	T033	C0332219
27951480	1018	1029	interpreted	T169	C1285553
27951480	1030	1042	bedside test	T060	C0282662
27951480	1046	1067	visuospatial function	T041	C2370887
27951480	1077	1081	high	T080	C0205250
27951480	1082	1090	coverage	T169	C1999244
27951480	1094	1101	elderly	T098	C0001792
27951480	1102	1110	patients	T101	C0030705
27951480	1116	1141	neurocognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
27951480	1163	1175	conventional	T080	C0439858
27951480	1185	1205	visuospatial ability	T041	C0814069
27951480	1232	1240	identify	T080	C0205396
27951480	1241	1252	significant	T078	C0750502
27951480	1253	1273	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656

27956037|t|Design and synthesis of phosphoryl-substituted diphenylpyrimidines (Pho-DPPYs) as potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors: Targeted treatment of B lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines
27956037|a|A family of phosphoryl-substituted diphenylpyrimidine derivatives (Pho-DPPYs) were synthesized and biologically evaluated as potent BTK inhibitors in this study. Compound 7b was found to markedly inhibit BTK activity at concentrations of 0.82nmol/L, as well as to suppress the proliferations of B-cell leukemia cell lines (Ramos and Raji) expressing high levels of BTK at concentrations of 3.17μM and 6.69μM. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis results further indicated that 7b promoted cell apoptosis to a substantial degree. In a word, compound 7b is a promising BTK inhibitor for the treatment of B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia.
27956037	11	20	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27956037	24	66	phosphoryl-substituted diphenylpyrimidines	T121	C1254351
27956037	68	77	Pho-DPPYs	T121	C1254351
27956037	89	130	Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors	T121	C4041516
27956037	132	150	Targeted treatment	T061	C2985566
27956037	154	178	B lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C2004493
27956037	179	189	cell lines	T025	C0007634
27956037	202	267	phosphoryl-substituted diphenylpyrimidine derivatives (Pho-DPPYs)	T121	C1254351
27956037	273	284	synthesized	T052	C1883254
27956037	289	301	biologically	T080	C0205460
27956037	302	311	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27956037	322	336	BTK inhibitors	T121	C4041516
27956037	352	363	Compound 7b	T121	C1254351
27956037	386	393	inhibit	T052	C3463820
27956037	394	397	BTK	T116,T126	C0218158
27956037	398	406	activity	T044	C0243102
27956037	410	424	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27956037	454	462	suppress	T169	C1260953
27956037	467	481	proliferations	T043	C0596290
27956037	485	500	B-cell leukemia	T191	C2004493
27956037	501	511	cell lines	T025	C0007634
27956037	513	518	Ramos	T025	C0007634
27956037	523	527	Raji	T025	C1514716
27956037	529	539	expressing	T045	C1171362
27956037	555	558	BTK	T116,T126	C0218158
27956037	562	576	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27956037	609	632	flow cytometry analysis	T059	C0200904
27956037	664	666	7b	T121	C1254351
27956037	676	690	cell apoptosis	T043	C1326202
27956037	727	738	compound 7b	T121	C1254351
27956037	754	767	BTK inhibitor	T121	C4041516
27956037	776	785	treatment	T061	C0087111
27956037	789	818	B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C2004493

27956431|t|Salvage Therapy with Ceftolozane-Tazobactam for Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections
27956431|a|Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA) present a major problem for therapeutic management. We report here our experience with 12 patients with a severe MDRPA infection (6 of which were pneumonia) who received salvage therapy with ceftolozane-tazobactam after inappropriate empirical treatment and/or suboptimal targeted treatment. Although 10 of the 12 patients (83.3%) experienced septic shock, only 3 patients (25%) died during the follow-up period. Microbiological cure in 7 patients (58.3%) was observed.
27956431	0	15	Salvage Therapy	T061	C0085405
27956431	21	43	Ceftolozane-Tazobactam	T121	C3656593
27956431	48	90	Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C4039743
27956431	91	101	Infections	T047	C0854135
27956431	102	112	Infections	T047	C0854135
27956431	123	165	multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C4039743
27956431	167	172	MDRPA	T007	C4039743
27956431	202	224	therapeutic management	T058	C0086388
27956431	264	272	patients	T101	C0030705
27956431	287	292	MDRPA	T007	C4039743
27956431	293	302	infection	T047	C0854135
27956431	320	329	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
27956431	344	359	salvage therapy	T061	C0085405
27956431	365	387	ceftolozane-tazobactam	T121	C3656593
27956431	408	427	empirical treatment	T061	C1299597
27956431	435	445	suboptimal	T080	C2984009
27956431	455	464	treatment	T061	C0087111
27956431	488	496	patients	T101	C0030705
27956431	517	529	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27956431	538	546	patients	T101	C0030705
27956431	553	557	died	T040	C0011065
27956431	569	578	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27956431	587	602	Microbiological	T059	C0025951
27956431	603	607	cure	T077	C1880198
27956431	613	621	patients	T101	C0030705

27956638|t|Palmitoylation regulates glutamate receptor distributions in postsynaptic densities through control of PSD95 conformation and orientation
27956638|a|Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synapse-associated protein 97 (SAP97) are homologous scaffold proteins with different N-terminal domains, possessing either a palmitoylation site (PSD95) or an L27 domain (SAP97). Here, we measured PSD95 and SAP97 conformation in vitro and in postsynaptic densities (PSDs) using FRET and EM, and examined how conformation regulated interactions with AMPA-type and NMDA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs / NMDARs). Palmitoylation of PSD95 changed its conformation from a compact to an extended configuration. PSD95 associated with AMPARs (via transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein subunits) or NMDARs [via glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA-type subunit 2B (GluN2B) subunits] only in its palmitoylated and extended conformation. In contrast, in its extended conformation, SAP97 associates with NMDARs, but not with AMPARs. Within PSDs, PSD95 and SAP97 were largely in the extended conformation, but had different orientation s. PSD95 oriented perpendicular to the PSD membrane, with its palmitoylated, N-terminal domain at the membrane. SAP97 oriented parallel to the PSD membrane, likely as a dimer through interactions of its N-terminal L27 domain. Changing PSD95 palmitoylation in PSDs altered PSD95 and AMPAR levels but did not affect NMDAR levels. These results indicate that in PSDs, PSD95 palmitoylation, conformation, and its interactions are dynamic when associated with AMPARs and more stable when associated with NMDARs. Altogether, our results are consistent with differential regulation of PSD95 palmitoylation in PSDs resulting from the clustering of palmitoylating and depalmitoylating enzymes into AMPAR nanodomains segregated away from NMDAR nanodomains.
27956638	0	14	Palmitoylation	T044	C0598435
27956638	15	24	regulates	T038	C1327622
27956638	25	43	glutamate receptor	T116,T192	C0061465
27956638	61	83	postsynaptic densities	T026	C1817671
27956638	103	108	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	109	121	conformation	T082	C0033625
27956638	126	137	orientation	T082	C1704322
27956638	138	169	Postsynaptic density protein 95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	171	176	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	182	211	synapse-associated protein 97	T116,T123	C1442790
27956638	213	218	SAP97	T116,T123	C1442790
27956638	224	252	homologous scaffold proteins	T116	C1512488
27956638	268	278	N-terminal	T087	C1706793
27956638	279	286	domains	T087	C1514562
27956638	308	327	palmitoylation site	T087	C1518862
27956638	329	334	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	342	352	L27 domain	T087	C1514562
27956638	354	359	SAP97	T116,T123	C1442790
27956638	380	385	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	390	395	SAP97	T116,T123	C1442790
27956638	396	408	conformation	T082	C0033625
27956638	409	417	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27956638	425	447	postsynaptic densities	T026	C1817671
27956638	449	453	PSDs	T026	C1817671
27956638	461	465	FRET	T059	C0597717
27956638	470	472	EM	T059	C0026019
27956638	478	486	examined	T033	C0332128
27956638	491	503	conformation	T082	C0033625
27956638	504	513	regulated	T038	C1327622
27956638	532	541	AMPA-type	T116,T192	C0072899
27956638	546	575	NMDA-type glutamate receptors	T116,T192	C0080093
27956638	577	583	AMPARs	T116,T192	C0072899
27956638	586	592	NMDARs	T116,T192	C0080093
27956638	595	609	Palmitoylation	T044	C0598435
27956638	613	618	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	631	643	conformation	T082	C0033625
27956638	689	694	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	711	717	AMPARs	T116,T192	C0072899
27956638	723	770	transmembrane AMPAR regulatory protein subunits	T116,T123	C1958467
27956638	775	781	NMDARs	T116,T192	C0080093
27956638	787	837	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA-type subunit 2B	T192	C1099474
27956638	839	845	GluN2B	T192	C1099474
27956638	847	855	subunits	T116	C0599220
27956638	869	882	palmitoylated	T044	C0598435
27956638	896	908	conformation	T082	C0033625
27956638	939	951	conformation	T082	C0033625
27956638	953	958	SAP97	T116,T123	C1442790
27956638	975	981	NMDARs	T116,T192	C0080093
27956638	996	1002	AMPARs	T116,T192	C0072899
27956638	1011	1015	PSDs	T026	C1817671
27956638	1017	1022	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	1027	1032	SAP97	T116,T123	C1442790
27956638	1062	1074	conformation	T082	C0033625
27956638	1094	1105	orientation	T082	C1704322
27956638	1109	1114	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	1115	1123	oriented	T082	C1704322
27956638	1145	1148	PSD	T026	C1817671
27956638	1149	1157	membrane	T026	C3161472
27956638	1168	1181	palmitoylated	T044	C0598435
27956638	1183	1193	N-terminal	T087	C1706793
27956638	1194	1200	domain	T087	C1514562
27956638	1208	1216	membrane	T026	C3161472
27956638	1218	1223	SAP97	T116,T123	C1442790
27956638	1224	1232	oriented	T082	C1704322
27956638	1249	1252	PSD	T026	C1817671
27956638	1253	1261	membrane	T026	C3161472
27956638	1275	1280	dimer	T104	C0596448
27956638	1309	1319	N-terminal	T087	C1706793
27956638	1320	1330	L27 domain	T087	C1514562
27956638	1341	1346	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	1347	1361	palmitoylation	T044	C0598435
27956638	1365	1369	PSDs	T026	C1817671
27956638	1378	1383	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	1388	1393	AMPAR	T116,T192	C0072899
27956638	1420	1425	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27956638	1440	1447	results	T033	C0683954
27956638	1465	1469	PSDs	T026	C1817671
27956638	1471	1476	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	1477	1491	palmitoylation	T044	C0598435
27956638	1493	1505	conformation	T082	C0033625
27956638	1532	1539	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27956638	1561	1567	AMPARs	T116,T192	C0072899
27956638	1577	1583	stable	T080	C0205360
27956638	1605	1611	NMDARs	T116,T192	C0080093
27956638	1629	1636	results	T033	C0683954
27956638	1670	1680	regulation	T064	C0851285
27956638	1684	1689	PSD95	T116,T123	C1566931
27956638	1690	1704	palmitoylation	T044	C0598435
27956638	1708	1712	PSDs	T026	C1817671
27956638	1746	1760	palmitoylating	T044	C0598435
27956638	1765	1781	depalmitoylating	T044	C1817352
27956638	1782	1789	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27956638	1795	1800	AMPAR	T116,T192	C0072899
27956638	1801	1812	nanodomains	T087	C1514562
27956638	1834	1839	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
27956638	1840	1851	nanodomains	T087	C1514562

27958243|t|Prevalence and predictors of placental malaria in human immunodeficiency virus-positive women in Nigeria
27958243|a|Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- infected pregnant women have alterations in cellular and humoral immunity that increase the risks to placental malaria infection. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and predictors of placental malaria among HIV-positive women in Nigeria. It was a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women receiving antenatal care at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Peripheral blood sample for packed cell volume estimation and placental blood sample for malaria parasite estimation were collected from each participant at a presentation in labor and upon delivery, respectively. The Prevalence of placenta malaria (68.6%) and anemia (66.7%) in HIV-positive women were significantly higher than the prevalence of placental malaria (35.3%) and anemia (44.1%) in HIV-negative control (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001 respectively). The employment status was the only sociodemographic factor significantly associated with the development of placental malaria in HIV-positive women (odds ratio: 21.60; 95% confidence interval: 7.1-66.2; P< 0.001). The prevalence of placental malaria is very high among HIV-positive women in Nigeria. Scaling up free distribution of insecticide treated nets in the short term and employment opportunities of HIV-positive women, in the long run, may reduce the prevalence of placental malaria in our population.
27958243	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0683921
27958243	15	25	predictors	T033	C0035648
27958243	29	38	placental	T018	C0032043
27958243	39	46	malaria	T047	C0024530
27958243	50	87	human immunodeficiency virus-positive	T034	C2748218
27958243	88	93	women	T098	C0043210
27958243	97	104	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27958243	105	133	Human immunodeficiency virus	T005	C0019682
27958243	135	138	HIV	T005	C0019682
27958243	141	149	infected	T033	C0439663
27958243	150	164	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27958243	170	181	alterations	T078	C1515926
27958243	185	193	cellular	T040	C0020966
27958243	198	214	humoral immunity	T040	C0020967
27958243	220	228	increase	T169	C0442805
27958243	233	238	risks	T078	C0035647
27958243	242	251	placental	T018	C0032043
27958243	252	259	malaria	T047	C0024530
27958243	260	269	infection	T046	C3714514
27958243	307	317	prevalence	T081	C0683921
27958243	322	332	predictors	T033	C0035648
27958243	336	345	placental	T018	C0032043
27958243	346	353	malaria	T047	C0024530
27958243	360	372	HIV-positive	T034	C2748218
27958243	373	378	women	T098	C0043210
27958243	382	389	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27958243	400	425	longitudinal cohort study	T170	C0596860
27958243	429	443	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
27958243	444	453	receiving	T080	C1514756
27958243	454	468	antenatal care	T058	C0033052
27958243	474	491	tertiary hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
27958243	495	502	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27958243	504	520	Peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
27958243	521	527	sample	T167	C0370003
27958243	532	561	packed cell volume estimation	T034	C1318015
27958243	566	575	placental	T018	C0032043
27958243	576	588	blood sample	T031	C0178913
27958243	593	600	malaria	T047	C0024530
27958243	601	609	parasite	T204	C0030498
27958243	610	620	estimation	T058	C0220825
27958243	626	635	collected	T169	C1516698
27958243	646	657	participant	T098	C0679646
27958243	663	675	presentation	T078	C0449450
27958243	679	684	labor	T040	C0022864
27958243	694	702	delivery	T040	C0005615
27958243	722	732	Prevalence	T081	C0683921
27958243	736	744	placenta	T018	C0032043
27958243	745	752	malaria	T047	C0024530
27958243	765	771	anemia	T047	C0002871
27958243	783	795	HIV-positive	T034	C2748218
27958243	796	801	women	T098	C0043210
27958243	821	827	higher	T080	C0205250
27958243	837	847	prevalence	T081	C0683921
27958243	851	860	placental	T018	C0032043
27958243	861	868	malaria	T047	C0024530
27958243	881	887	anemia	T047	C0002871
27958243	899	911	HIV-negative	T034	C0854048
27958243	912	919	control	T096	C0009932
27958243	964	981	employment status	T033	C0242271
27958243	995	1018	sociodemographic factor	T078	C0011292
27958243	1033	1048	associated with	T080	C0332281
27958243	1053	1064	development	T169	C1527148
27958243	1068	1077	placental	T018	C0032043
27958243	1078	1085	malaria	T047	C0024530
27958243	1089	1101	HIV-positive	T034	C2748218
27958243	1102	1107	women	T098	C0043210
27958243	1109	1119	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
27958243	1132	1151	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27958243	1178	1188	prevalence	T081	C0683921
27958243	1192	1201	placental	T018	C0032043
27958243	1202	1209	malaria	T047	C0024530
27958243	1218	1222	high	T080	C0205250
27958243	1229	1241	HIV-positive	T034	C2748218
27958243	1242	1247	women	T098	C0043210
27958243	1251	1258	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
27958243	1260	1270	Scaling up	T052	C1947916
27958243	1276	1288	distribution	T169	C1704711
27958243	1292	1303	insecticide	T131	C0021576
27958243	1304	1311	treated	T169	C1522326
27958243	1312	1316	nets	T074	C2717996
27958243	1324	1334	short term	T079	C0443303
27958243	1339	1363	employment opportunities	T078	C1516834
27958243	1367	1379	HIV-positive	T034	C2748218
27958243	1380	1385	women	T098	C0043210
27958243	1408	1414	reduce	T080	C0392756
27958243	1419	1429	prevalence	T081	C0683921
27958243	1433	1442	placental	T018	C0032043
27958243	1443	1450	malaria	T047	C0024530
27958243	1458	1468	population	T098	C1257890

27958282|t|Distinct Abnormalities of Small Bowel and Regional Colonic Volumes in Subtypes of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Revealed by MRI
27958282|a|Non-invasive biomarkers which identify different mechanisms of disease in subgroups of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) could be valuable. Our aim was to seek useful magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters that could distinguish each IBS subtypes. 34 healthy volunteers (HV), 30 IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D), 16 IBS with constipation (IBS-C), and 11 IBS with mixed bowel habit (IBS-M) underwent whole-gut transit and small and large bowel volumes assessment with MRI scans from t=0 to t=360 min. Since the bowel frequency for IBS-M were similar to IBS-D, IBS-M and IBS-D were grouped together and labeled as IBS non-constipation group (IBS-nonC). Median (interquartile range): fasting small bowel water content in IBS-nonC was 21 (10-42), significantly less than HV at 44 ml (15-70), P<0.01 as was the postprandial area under the curve (AUC) P<0.01. The fasting transverse colon volumes in IBS-C were significantly larger at 253 (200-329) compared with HV, IBS-nonC whose values were 165 (117-255) and 198 (106-270) ml, respectively, P=0.02. Whole-gut transit time for IBS-C was prolonged at 69 (51-111), compared with HV at 34 (4-63) and IBS-D at 34 (17-78) h, P=0.03. Bloating score (VAS 0-10 cm) correlated with transverse colon volume at t=405 min, Spearman r=0.21, P=0.04. The constricted small bowel in IBS-nonC and the dilated transverse colon in IBS-C point to significant differences in underlying mechanisms of disease.
27958282	9	22	Abnormalities	T033	C1704258
27958282	26	37	Small Bowel	T023	C0021852
27958282	42	50	Regional	T082	C0205147
27958282	51	58	Colonic	T023	C0009368
27958282	59	66	Volumes	T081	C0449468
27958282	70	78	Subtypes	T185	C0449560
27958282	82	106	Irritable Bowel Syndrome	T047	C0022104
27958282	107	115	Revealed	T080	C0443289
27958282	119	122	MRI	T060	C0024485
27958282	123	135	Non-invasive	T169	C0205303
27958282	136	146	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
27958282	162	171	different	T080	C1705242
27958282	172	182	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27958282	186	193	disease	T047	C0012634
27958282	197	206	subgroups	T185	C1515021
27958282	210	234	irritable bowel syndrome	T047	C0022104
27958282	236	239	IBS	T047	C0022104
27958282	287	313	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
27958282	315	318	MRI	T060	C0024485
27958282	320	330	parameters	T033	C0449381
27958282	359	362	IBS	T047	C0022104
27958282	363	371	subtypes	T185	C0449560
27958282	376	394	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27958282	396	398	HV	T098	C1708335
27958282	404	421	IBS with diarrhea	T047	C0348898
27958282	423	428	IBS-D	T047	C0348898
27958282	434	455	IBS with constipation	T047	C4268639
27958282	457	462	IBS-C	T047	C4268639
27958282	472	498	IBS with mixed bowel habit	T047	C4268640
27958282	500	505	IBS-M	T047	C4268640
27958282	517	526	whole-gut	T023	C0699819
27958282	527	534	transit	T169	C1301827
27958282	539	544	small	T023	C0021852
27958282	549	560	large bowel	T023	C0021851
27958282	561	568	volumes	T081	C0449468
27958282	569	579	assessment	T058	C0220825
27958282	585	588	MRI	T060	C0024485
27958282	589	594	scans	T060	C0441633
27958282	628	643	bowel frequency	T033	C0426642
27958282	648	653	IBS-M	T047	C4268640
27958282	670	675	IBS-D	T047	C0348898
27958282	677	682	IBS-M	T047	C4268640
27958282	687	692	IBS-D	T047	C0348898
27958282	730	733	IBS	T047	C0022104
27958282	734	756	non-constipation group	T098	C1257890
27958282	758	766	IBS-nonC	T047	C4268639
27958282	777	796	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
27958282	799	806	fasting	T033	C0015663
27958282	807	818	small bowel	T023	C0021852
27958282	819	824	water	T031	C0005909
27958282	825	832	content	T081	C1264655
27958282	836	844	IBS-nonC	T047	C4268639
27958282	861	879	significantly less	T081	C4055638
27958282	885	887	HV	T098	C1708335
27958282	924	936	postprandial	T079	C0376674
27958282	937	957	area under the curve	T081	C0376690
27958282	959	962	AUC	T081	C0376690
27958282	976	983	fasting	T033	C0015663
27958282	984	1000	transverse colon	T023	C0227386
27958282	1001	1008	volumes	T081	C0449468
27958282	1012	1017	IBS-C	T047	C4268639
27958282	1023	1043	significantly larger	T081	C4055637
27958282	1061	1069	compared	T052	C1707455
27958282	1075	1077	HV	T098	C1708335
27958282	1079	1087	IBS-nonC	T047	C4268639
27958282	1164	1173	Whole-gut	T023	C0699819
27958282	1174	1186	transit time	T042	C0232484
27958282	1191	1196	IBS-C	T047	C4268639
27958282	1201	1210	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27958282	1227	1235	compared	T052	C1707455
27958282	1241	1243	HV	T098	C1708335
27958282	1261	1266	IBS-D	T047	C0348898
27958282	1292	1300	Bloating	T047	C4302240
27958282	1337	1353	transverse colon	T023	C0227386
27958282	1354	1360	volume	T081	C0449468
27958282	1416	1427	small bowel	T023	C0021852
27958282	1431	1439	IBS-nonC	T047	C4268639
27958282	1456	1472	transverse colon	T023	C0227386
27958282	1476	1481	IBS-C	T047	C4268639
27958282	1529	1539	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27958282	1543	1550	disease	T047	C0012634

27958356|t|On-Chip Optical Nonreciprocity Using an Active Microcavity
27958356|a|Optically nonreciprocal devices provide critical functionalities such as light isolation and circulation in integrated photonic circuits for optical communications and information processing, but have been difficult to achieve. By exploring gain-saturation nonlinearity, we demonstrate on-chip optical nonreciprocity with excellent isolation performance within telecommunication wavelengths using only one toroid microcavity. Compatible with current complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process, our compact and simple scheme works for a very wide range of input power levels from ~10 microwatts down to ~10 nanowatts, and exhibits remarkable properties of one-way light transport with sufficiently low insertion loss. These superior features make our device become a promising critical building block indispensable for future integrated nanophotonic networks.
27958356	0	30	On-Chip Optical Nonreciprocity	T067	C1254366
27958356	40	58	Active Microcavity	T073	C0699733
27958356	59	90	Optically nonreciprocal devices	T073	C0699733
27958356	132	137	light	T070	C0023693
27958356	138	147	isolation	T169	C0205409
27958356	152	163	circulation	T033	C0237318
27958356	167	195	integrated photonic circuits	T073	C1708525
27958356	200	222	optical communications	T170	C0597132
27958356	227	249	information processing	T066	C0021420
27958356	265	274	difficult	T080	C0332218
27958356	278	285	achieve	T033	C0243095
27958356	300	328	gain-saturation nonlinearity	T067	C1254366
27958356	345	375	on-chip optical nonreciprocity	T067	C1254366
27958356	391	400	isolation	T169	C0205409
27958356	401	412	performance	T052	C1882330
27958356	420	437	telecommunication	T066	C0039449
27958356	438	449	wavelengths	T081	C0449819
27958356	465	483	toroid microcavity	T073	C3273359
27958356	509	556	complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process	T067	C1254366
27958356	562	569	compact	T033	C1333134
27958356	574	587	simple scheme	T170	C1519193
27958356	588	593	works	T057	C0043227
27958356	619	637	input power levels	T081	C3854080
27958356	694	715	remarkable properties	T080	C0205556
27958356	719	742	one-way light transport	T067	C1254366
27958356	765	779	insertion loss	T081	C0392762
27958356	814	820	device	T073	C0699733
27958356	840	863	critical building block	T077	C1254372
27958356	864	877	indispensable	T080	C0205224
27958356	889	921	integrated nanophotonic networks	T169	C1882071

27960292|t|Ankaflavin and Monascin Induce Apoptosis in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells through Suppression of the Akt / NF-κB / p38 Signaling Pathway
27960292|a|The increased proliferation of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is associated with hepatic fibrosis and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM)- protein production. We examined the inhibitory effects of the Monascus purpureus -fermented metabolites, ankaflavin and monascin (15 and 30 μM), on the Akt / nuclear factor (NF)-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in HSC-T6 (activated hepatic stellate cell line). Ankaflavin and monascin (30 μM) induced apoptosis and significantly inhibited cell growth (cell viabilities: 80.2 ± 5.43% and 62.8 ± 8.20%, respectively, versus control cells; P < 0.05). Apoptosis and G1 phase arrest (G1 phase percentages: 76.1 ± 2.85% and 79.9 ± 1.80%, respectively, versus control cells 65.9 ± 4.94%; P < 0.05) correlated with increased p53 and p21 levels and caspase 3 activity and decreased cyclin D1 and Bcl-2-family protein levels (P < 0.05, all cases). The apoptotic effects of ankaflavin and monascin were HSC-T6 - specific, suggesting their potential in treating liver fibrosis.
27960292	0	10	Ankaflavin	T109,T123	C1568221
27960292	15	23	Monascin	T109	C1871155
27960292	24	30	Induce	T169	C0205263
27960292	31	40	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27960292	44	53	Activated	T052	C1879547
27960292	54	76	Hepatic Stellate Cells	T025	C2340138
27960292	85	96	Suppression	UnknownType	C0678671
27960292	104	107	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
27960292	110	115	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27960292	118	121	p38	T116,T123	C1451465
27960292	122	139	Signaling Pathway	T044	C0037080
27960292	144	153	increased	T081	C0205217
27960292	154	167	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27960292	171	180	activated	T052	C1879547
27960292	181	203	hepatic stellate cells	T025	C2340138
27960292	205	209	HSCs	T025	C2340138
27960292	214	229	associated with	T080	C0332281
27960292	230	246	hepatic fibrosis	T047	C0239946
27960292	251	260	excessive	T080	C0442802
27960292	261	281	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
27960292	283	286	ECM	T024	C0015350
27960292	289	296	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27960292	325	335	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
27960292	336	346	effects of	T080	C1704420
27960292	351	369	Monascus purpureus	T004	C0997449
27960292	381	392	metabolites	T123	C0870883
27960292	394	404	ankaflavin	T109,T123	C1568221
27960292	409	417	monascin	T109	C1871155
27960292	441	444	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
27960292	447	469	nuclear factor (NF)-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
27960292	474	510	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase	T116,T126	C1120843
27960292	512	516	MAPK	T116,T126	C1120843
27960292	518	536	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
27960292	540	546	HSC-T6	T025	C0682523
27960292	548	584	activated hepatic stellate cell line	T025	C0682523
27960292	587	597	Ankaflavin	T109,T123	C1568221
27960292	602	610	monascin	T109	C1871155
27960292	619	626	induced	T169	C0205263
27960292	627	636	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27960292	641	654	significantly	T078	C0750502
27960292	655	664	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27960292	665	676	cell growth	T043	C0007595
27960292	678	694	cell viabilities	T043	C0007620
27960292	748	761	control cells	T025	C0007634
27960292	774	783	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
27960292	788	803	G1 phase arrest	T043	C3178834
27960292	805	813	G1 phase	T079	C0079395
27960292	814	825	percentages	T081	C0439165
27960292	879	892	control cells	T025	C0007634
27960292	917	927	correlated	T080	C1707520
27960292	933	942	increased	T081	C0205217
27960292	943	946	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
27960292	951	954	p21	T116,T123	C0288472
27960292	955	961	levels	T034	C0428479
27960292	966	984	caspase 3 activity	T044	C1150132
27960292	989	998	decreased	T081	C0205216
27960292	999	1008	cyclin D1	T116,T123	C0174680
27960292	1013	1033	Bcl-2-family protein	T026	C3269083
27960292	1034	1040	levels	T034	C0428479
27960292	1068	1077	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
27960292	1078	1088	effects of	T080	C1704420
27960292	1089	1099	ankaflavin	T109,T123	C1568221
27960292	1104	1112	monascin	T109	C1871155
27960292	1118	1124	HSC-T6	T025	C0682523
27960292	1127	1135	specific	T080	C0205369
27960292	1154	1163	potential	T080	C3245505
27960292	1167	1175	treating	T169	C1522326
27960292	1176	1190	liver fibrosis	T047	C0239946

27964699|t|A Review of Hypertension Management in Atrial Fibrillation
27964699|a|Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the commonest arrhythmias in clinical practice and has major healthcare and economic implications. It is a growing epidemic with prevalence all set to double to 12 million by 2050. After adjusting for other associated conditions, hypertension confers a 1.5- and 1.4-fold risk of developing AF, for men and women respectively. Furthermore, in patients with AF, the presence of hypertension has a cumulative effect on the risk of stroke. Growing evidence suggests reversal or attenuation of various structural and functional changes predisposing to AF with the use of antihypertensive medications. Randomized trials have shown major reduction in the risk of stroke and heart failure with blood pressure reduction. However, such trials are lacking in AF patients specifically. The Joint National Committee-8 guidelines have not addressed the threshold or goal BP for patients with known AF. Furthermore, "J-shaped" or "U-shaped" curves have been noted during hypertension management in patients with AF with published data demonstrating worse outcomes in patients with strict BP control to <110/60 mmhg similar to coronary artery disease. In this review, we outline the available literature on management of hypertension in patients with AF as well as the role of individual anti-hypertensive medications in reducing the incidence of AF Fig. 1.
27964699	12	24	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27964699	25	35	Management	T058	C0376636
27964699	39	58	Atrial Fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27964699	59	78	Atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
27964699	80	82	AF	T047	C0004238
27964699	98	107	commonest	T081	C0205214
27964699	108	119	arrhythmias	T046	C0085611
27964699	123	140	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
27964699	155	165	healthcare	T058	C0086388
27964699	170	178	economic	T169	C0013557
27964699	209	217	epidemic	T067	C0014499
27964699	223	233	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27964699	301	322	associated conditions	T046	C0243082
27964699	324	336	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27964699	365	369	risk	T078	C0035647
27964699	384	386	AF	T047	C0004238
27964699	392	395	men	T098	C0025266
27964699	400	405	women	T098	C0043210
27964699	436	444	patients	T101	C0030705
27964699	450	452	AF	T047	C0004238
27964699	458	466	presence	T033	C0150312
27964699	470	482	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27964699	489	499	cumulative	T080	C1511559
27964699	500	506	effect	T080	C1280500
27964699	514	518	risk	T078	C0035647
27964699	522	528	stroke	T047	C0038454
27964699	538	546	evidence	T078	C3887511
27964699	547	555	suggests	T078	C1705535
27964699	568	579	attenuation	T052	C0599946
27964699	591	601	structural	T082	C0678594
27964699	606	616	functional	T169	C0205245
27964699	617	624	changes	T169	C0392747
27964699	625	637	predisposing	T169	C0231203
27964699	641	643	AF	T047	C0004238
27964699	660	688	antihypertensive medications	T121	C0003364
27964699	690	707	Randomized trials	T062,T170	C0206034
27964699	725	734	reduction	T061	C0441610
27964699	742	746	risk	T078	C0035647
27964699	750	756	stroke	T047	C0038454
27964699	761	774	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27964699	780	794	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
27964699	795	804	reduction	T061	C0441610
27964699	820	826	trials	T062	C0008976
27964699	831	838	lacking	T080	C0332268
27964699	842	844	AF	T047	C0004238
27964699	845	853	patients	T101	C0030705
27964699	872	898	Joint National Committee-8	T058	C0086034
27964699	899	909	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27964699	951	953	BP	T040	C0005823
27964699	958	966	patients	T101	C0030705
27964699	978	980	AF	T047	C0004238
27964699	1050	1062	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27964699	1063	1073	management	T058	C0376636
27964699	1077	1085	patients	T101	C0030705
27964699	1091	1093	AF	T047	C0004238
27964699	1099	1108	published	T057	C0034037
27964699	1109	1113	data	T078	C1511726
27964699	1128	1133	worse	T033	C1457868
27964699	1134	1142	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27964699	1146	1154	patients	T101	C0030705
27964699	1167	1177	BP control	T061	C0419171
27964699	1194	1201	similar	T080	C2348205
27964699	1205	1228	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010068
27964699	1238	1244	review	T170	C0282443
27964699	1271	1281	literature	T170	C0023866
27964699	1285	1295	management	T058	C0376636
27964699	1299	1311	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27964699	1315	1323	patients	T101	C0030705
27964699	1329	1331	AF	T047	C0004238
27964699	1355	1365	individual	T098	C0237401
27964699	1366	1395	anti-hypertensive medications	T121	C0003364
27964699	1399	1407	reducing	T080	C0392756
27964699	1412	1421	incidence	T081	C0021149
27964699	1425	1427	AF	T047	C0004238

27964731|t|Use of single molecule sequencing for comparative genomics of an environmental and a clinical isolate of Clostridium difficile ribotype 078
27964731|a|How the pathogen Clostridium difficile might survive, evolve and be transferred between reservoirs within the natural environment is poorly understood. Some ribotypes are found both in clinical and environmental settings. Whether these strains are distinct from each another and evolve in the specific environments is not established. The possession of a highly mobile genome has contributed to the genetic diversity and ongoing evolution of C. difficile. Interpretations of genetic diversity have been limited by fragmented assemblies resulting from short-read length sequencing approaches and by a limited understanding of epigenetic regulation of diversity. To address this, single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing was used in this study as it produces high quality genome sequences, with resolution of repeat regions (including those found in mobile elements) and can generate data to determine methylation modifications across the sequence (the methylome). Chromosomal rearrangements and ribosomal operon duplications were observed in both genomes. The rearrangements occurred at insertion sites within two mobile genetic elements (MGEs), Tn6164 and Tn6293, present only in the M120 and CD105HS27 genomes, respectively. The gene content of these two transposons differ considerably which could impact upon horizontal gene transfer; differences include CDSs encoding methylases and a conjugative prophage only in Tn6164. To investigate mechanisms which could affect MGE transfer, the methylome, restriction modification (RM) and the CRISPR/Cas systems were characterised for each strain. Notably, the environmental isolate, CD105HS27, does not share a consensus motif for (m4)C methylation, but has one additional spacer when compared to the clinical isolate M120. These findings show key differences between the two strains in terms of their genetic capacity for MGE transfer. The carriage of horizontally transferred genes appear to have genome wide effects based on two different methylation patterns. The CRISPR/Cas system appears active although perhaps slow to evolve. Data suggests that both mechanisms are functional and impact upon horizontal gene transfer and genome evolution within C. difficile.
27964731	0	6	Use of	T169	C1524063
27964731	7	33	single molecule sequencing	T063	C1328887
27964731	50	58	genomics	T091	C0887950
27964731	65	78	environmental	T082	C0014406
27964731	85	93	clinical	T080	C0205210
27964731	94	101	isolate	T123	C1764827
27964731	105	126	Clostridium difficile	T007	C0079134
27964731	127	139	ribotype 078	T034	C0887835
27964731	148	156	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27964731	157	178	Clostridium difficile	T007	C0079134
27964731	194	200	evolve	T169	C0332253
27964731	208	219	transferred	T169	C1705822
27964731	228	238	reservoirs	T083	C0442537
27964731	250	269	natural environment	T082	C0014406
27964731	273	279	poorly	T080	C0205169
27964731	297	306	ribotypes	T034	C0887835
27964731	325	333	clinical	T080	C0205210
27964731	338	351	environmental	T082	C0014406
27964731	376	383	strains	T001	C1518614
27964731	388	396	distinct	T080	C1705242
27964731	419	425	evolve	T169	C0332253
27964731	433	441	specific	T080	C0205369
27964731	442	454	environments	T082	C0014406
27964731	462	473	established	T080	C0443211
27964731	479	489	possession	T081	C0871103
27964731	502	515	mobile genome	T028	C0017428
27964731	520	531	contributed	T052	C1880177
27964731	539	556	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27964731	569	578	evolution	T045	C0015219
27964731	582	594	C. difficile	T007	C0079134
27964731	615	632	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
27964731	643	650	limited	T169	C0439801
27964731	654	664	fragmented	T080	C1708096
27964731	665	675	assemblies	T044	C0872376
27964731	676	685	resulting	T169	C0678226
27964731	691	730	short-read length sequencing approaches	T063	C1328887
27964731	765	786	epigenetic regulation	T043	C1160454
27964731	790	799	diversity	T070	C0042333
27964731	818	861	single molecule real time (SMRT) sequencing	T063	C1328887
27964731	879	884	study	T062	C2603343
27964731	905	912	quality	T080	C0332306
27964731	913	929	genome sequences	T085	C2348746
27964731	936	946	resolution	T077	C2699488
27964731	957	964	regions	T082	C1254362
27964731	991	1006	mobile elements	T114,T123	C1257903
27964731	1016	1024	generate	T052	C3146294
27964731	1025	1029	data	T078	C1511726
27964731	1043	1054	methylation	T044	C0376452
27964731	1055	1068	modifications	T169	C0392747
27964731	1080	1088	sequence	T085	C2348746
27964731	1094	1103	methylome	T080	C3829112
27964731	1106	1132	Chromosomal rearrangements	T049	C1515001
27964731	1137	1166	ribosomal operon duplications	T045	C0017261
27964731	1172	1180	observed	T169	C1441672
27964731	1189	1196	genomes	T028	C0017428
27964731	1202	1216	rearrangements	T045	C0017287
27964731	1217	1225	occurred	T052	C1709305
27964731	1229	1244	insertion sites	T082	C0449682
27964731	1256	1279	mobile genetic elements	T114,T123	C1257903
27964731	1281	1285	MGEs	T114,T123	C1257903
27964731	1288	1294	Tn6164	T114	C0600205
27964731	1299	1305	Tn6293	T114	C0600205
27964731	1307	1314	present	T033	C0150312
27964731	1327	1331	M120	T028	C0017428
27964731	1336	1353	CD105HS27 genomes	T028	C0017428
27964731	1373	1385	gene content	T028	C0017337
27964731	1399	1410	transposons	T114	C0600205
27964731	1411	1417	differ	T080	C1705242
27964731	1443	1449	impact	T080	C4049986
27964731	1455	1479	horizontal gene transfer	T045	C0887912
27964731	1481	1492	differences	T081	C1705241
27964731	1501	1505	CDSs	T086	C0004793
27964731	1515	1525	methylases	T116,T126	C0025831
27964731	1532	1552	conjugative prophage	T005	C1136253
27964731	1561	1567	Tn6164	T114	C0600205
27964731	1572	1583	investigate	T169	C1292732
27964731	1584	1594	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27964731	1614	1617	MGE	T114,T123	C1257903
27964731	1618	1626	transfer	T045	C0887912
27964731	1632	1641	methylome	T080	C3829112
27964731	1643	1667	restriction modification	T045	C2265065
27964731	1669	1671	RM	T045	C2265065
27964731	1681	1699	CRISPR/Cas systems	T044	C3658355
27964731	1705	1718	characterised	T052	C1880022
27964731	1728	1734	strain	T001	C1518614
27964731	1749	1762	environmental	T082	C0014406
27964731	1763	1770	isolate	T123	C1764827
27964731	1772	1781	CD105HS27	T028	C0017428
27964731	1820	1837	(m4)C methylation	T044	C0376452
27964731	1874	1882	compared	T052	C1707455
27964731	1890	1898	clinical	T080	C0205210
27964731	1899	1906	isolate	T123	C1764827
27964731	1907	1911	M120	T028	C0017428
27964731	1919	1927	findings	T033	C0243095
27964731	1937	1948	differences	T081	C1705241
27964731	1965	1972	strains	T001	C1518614
27964731	1991	1998	genetic	T169	C0314603
27964731	1999	2007	capacity	T081	C1516240
27964731	2012	2015	MGE	T114,T123	C1257903
27964731	2016	2024	transfer	T045	C0887912
27964731	2042	2072	horizontally transferred genes	T028	C0017337
27964731	2073	2079	appear	T080	C0700364
27964731	2088	2094	genome	T028	C0017428
27964731	2100	2107	effects	T080	C1280500
27964731	2121	2130	different	T080	C1705242
27964731	2131	2142	methylation	T044	C0376452
27964731	2143	2151	patterns	T082	C0449774
27964731	2157	2174	CRISPR/Cas system	T044	C3658355
27964731	2175	2182	appears	T080	C0700364
27964731	2183	2189	active	T169	C0205177
27964731	2215	2221	evolve	T169	C0332253
27964731	2223	2227	Data	T078	C1511726
27964731	2247	2257	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27964731	2262	2272	functional	T169	C0205245
27964731	2277	2283	impact	T080	C4049986
27964731	2289	2313	horizontal gene transfer	T045	C0887912
27964731	2318	2324	genome	T028	C0017428
27964731	2325	2334	evolution	T169	C0332253
27964731	2342	2354	C. difficile	T007	C0079134

27965132|t|Low-Volume vs High-Volume Centers and Management of Fournier's Gangrene in Washington State
27965132|a|Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a life-threatening infection affecting the perineum and genitals. Complex patient management often necessitates transfer to tertiary centers. We aimed to characterize hospital transfer patterns and assess morbidity among patients with FG in Washington State. The Washington State Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System includes claims from all hospital discharges in Washington. We identified patients with FG between 2007 and 2013, based on diagnosis and treatment codes. Analyses were stratified by center volume (low-volume centers [LVCs] or high-volume centers [HVCs]), and transfer status. Variables of interest included number of debridements, septic shock, acute renal failure, acute respiratory failure, length of hospitalization, and death. We identified 165 FG patients. Only 1 HVC treated more than 2 FG patients per year. Overall mortality was 6.7%. Most patients (57%) were treated entirely at LVCs; 87% of patients treated at the HVC were transferred from an LVC. High-volume center -treated patients had similar baseline comorbidities (p = 0.77) and similar mortality (p = 0.87), despite higher rates of septic shock (p < 0.01) and respiratory failure (p = 0.01) compared with LVC patients. Among HVC - transferred patients, immediate compared with delayed transfer was associated with fewer debridements (p < 0.01), lower rates of septic shock (p = 0.05), and acute renal failure (p = 0.04). Patients treated at the HVC were more acutely ill, yet mortality was similar compared with patients treated solely at LVCs, suggesting a benefit to transfer of high acuity patients. Immediate vs delayed transfer may benefit FG health outcomes; however, this may also reflect greater disease acuity of patients with delayed transfer status.
27965132	0	10	Low-Volume	T073,T093	C3494217
27965132	14	33	High-Volume Centers	T073,T093	C3494218
27965132	38	71	Management of Fournier's Gangrene	T058	C0376636
27965132	52	71	Fournier's Gangrene	T047	C0238419
27965132	75	91	Washington State	T083	C0043038
27965132	92	111	Fournier's gangrene	T047	C0238419
27965132	113	115	FG	T047	C0238419
27965132	122	148	life-threatening infection	T033	C1859430
27965132	149	158	affecting	T169	C0392760
27965132	163	171	perineum	T029	C0031066
27965132	176	184	genitals	T023	C0017420
27965132	186	193	Complex	T080	C0439855
27965132	194	212	patient management	T058	C1610129
27965132	244	260	tertiary centers	T073,T093	C0587437
27965132	287	304	hospital transfer	T058	C2065834
27965132	305	313	patterns	T082	C0449774
27965132	325	334	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27965132	341	349	patients	T101	C0030705
27965132	355	357	FG	T047	C0238419
27965132	361	377	Washington State	T083	C0043038
27965132	383	399	Washington State	T083	C0043038
27965132	400	413	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27965132	423	441	Abstract Reporting	T057	C0000857
27965132	474	493	hospital discharges	UnknownType	C0541652
27965132	497	507	Washington	T083	C0043038
27965132	523	531	patients	T101	C0030705
27965132	537	539	FG	T047	C0238419
27965132	572	601	diagnosis and treatment codes	T170	C0282574
27965132	617	627	stratified	T080	C0205363
27965132	646	664	low-volume centers	T073,T093	C3494217
27965132	666	670	LVCs	T073,T093	C3494217
27965132	675	694	high-volume centers	T073,T093	C3494218
27965132	696	700	HVCs	T073,T093	C3494218
27965132	708	723	transfer status	T033	C0586512
27965132	766	778	debridements	T061	C0011079
27965132	780	792	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27965132	794	813	acute renal failure	T047	C0022660
27965132	815	840	acute respiratory failure	T047	C0264490
27965132	842	867	length of hospitalization	T058	C3694481
27965132	873	878	death	T033	C1306577
27965132	898	900	FG	T047	C0238419
27965132	901	909	patients	T101	C0030705
27965132	918	921	HVC	T073,T093	C3494218
27965132	922	929	treated	T169	C1522326
27965132	942	944	FG	T047	C0238419
27965132	945	953	patients	T101	C0030705
27965132	964	981	Overall mortality	T081	C0205848
27965132	997	1005	patients	T101	C0030705
27965132	1017	1024	treated	T169	C1522326
27965132	1037	1041	LVCs	T073,T093	C3494217
27965132	1050	1058	patients	T101	C0030705
27965132	1059	1066	treated	T169	C1522326
27965132	1074	1077	HVC	T073,T093	C3494218
27965132	1103	1106	LVC	T073,T093	C3494217
27965132	1108	1126	High-volume center	T073,T093	C3494218
27965132	1136	1144	patients	T101	C0030705
27965132	1166	1179	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
27965132	1203	1212	mortality	T081	C0205848
27965132	1249	1261	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27965132	1277	1296	respiratory failure	T047	C1145670
27965132	1322	1325	LVC	T073,T093	C3494217
27965132	1326	1334	patients	T101	C0030705
27965132	1342	1345	HVC	T073,T093	C3494218
27965132	1348	1368	transferred patients	T058	C0030704
27965132	1370	1379	immediate	T079	C0205253
27965132	1394	1401	delayed	T079	C0205421
27965132	1415	1430	associated with	T080	C0332281
27965132	1437	1449	debridements	T061	C0011079
27965132	1477	1489	septic shock	T046	C0036983
27965132	1506	1525	acute renal failure	T047	C0022660
27965132	1538	1546	Patients	T101	C0030705
27965132	1547	1554	treated	T169	C1522326
27965132	1562	1565	HVC	T073,T093	C3494218
27965132	1576	1587	acutely ill	T033	C2051411
27965132	1593	1602	mortality	T081	C0205848
27965132	1629	1637	patients	T101	C0030705
27965132	1638	1645	treated	T169	C1522326
27965132	1656	1660	LVCs	T073,T093	C3494217
27965132	1703	1718	acuity patients	T080	C3494263
27965132	1720	1729	Immediate	T079	C0205253
27965132	1733	1740	delayed	T079	C0205421
27965132	1762	1764	FG	T047	C0238419
27965132	1765	1780	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
27965132	1821	1828	disease	T047	C0012634
27965132	1829	1847	acuity of patients	T080	C3494263
27965132	1861	1876	transfer status	T033	C0586512

27965426|t|Mitotic phosphotyrosine network analysis reveals that tyrosine phosphorylation regulates Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1)
27965426|a|Tyrosine phosphorylation is closely associated with cell proliferation. During the cell cycle, serine and threonine phosphorylation plays the leading role, and such phosphorylation events are most dynamic during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. However, mitotic phosphotyrosine is not well characterized. Although a few functionally - relevant mitotic phosphotyrosine sites have been characterized, evidence suggests that this modification may be more prevalent than previously appreciated. Here, we examined tyrosine phosphorylation in mitotic human cells including those on spindle-associated proteins .? Database mining confirmed ~2000 mitotic phosphotyrosine sites, and network analysis revealed a number of subnetworks that were enriched in tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, including components of the kinetochore or spindle and SRC family kinases. We identified Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a major signaling hub in the spindle subnetwork, as phosphorylated at the conserved Tyr(217) in the kinase domain. Substitution of Tyr(217) with a phosphomimetic residue eliminated PLK1 activity in vitro and in cells. Further analysis showed that Tyr(217) phosphorylation reduced the phosphorylation of Thr(210) in the activation loop, a phosphorylation event necessary for PLK1 activity. Our data indicate that mitotic tyrosine phosphorylation regulated a key serine/threonine kinase hub in mitotic cells and suggested that spatially separating tyrosine phosphorylation events can reveal previously unrecognized regulatory events and complexes associated with specific structures of the cell cycle.
27965426	0	7	Mitotic	T080	C1513354
27965426	8	23	phosphotyrosine	T116,T123	C0070948
27965426	24	40	network analysis	T170	C0868995
27965426	54	78	tyrosine phosphorylation	T044	C1519726
27965426	89	107	Polo-like kinase 1	T116,T126	C0290178
27965426	109	113	PLK1	T116,T126	C0290178
27965426	115	139	Tyrosine phosphorylation	T044	C1519726
27965426	151	166	associated with	T080	C0332281
27965426	167	185	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27965426	198	208	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
27965426	210	246	serine and threonine phosphorylation	T044	C1519253
27965426	280	295	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27965426	312	319	dynamic	T169	C0729333
27965426	331	344	mitotic phase	T043	C3893712
27965426	352	362	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
27965426	373	380	mitotic	T080	C1513354
27965426	381	396	phosphotyrosine	T116,T123	C0070948
27965426	439	451	functionally	T169	C0542341
27965426	454	462	relevant	T080	C2347946
27965426	463	470	mitotic	T080	C1513354
27965426	471	486	phosphotyrosine	T116,T123	C0070948
27965426	487	492	sites	T082	C0205145
27965426	503	516	characterized	T052	C1880022
27965426	546	558	modification	T169	C0392747
27965426	571	580	prevalent	T081	C0220900
27965426	619	627	examined	T033	C0332128
27965426	628	652	tyrosine phosphorylation	T044	C1519726
27965426	656	675	mitotic human cells	T025	C0230518
27965426	695	722	spindle-associated proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27965426	726	741	Database mining	T066	C1328866
27965426	758	765	mitotic	T080	C1513354
27965426	766	781	phosphotyrosine	T116,T123	C0070948
27965426	782	787	sites	T082	C0205145
27965426	793	809	network analysis	T170	C0868995
27965426	865	897	tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
27965426	927	938	kinetochore	T026	C0242609
27965426	942	949	spindle	T026	C1166795
27965426	954	972	SRC family kinases	T116,T126	C0282625
27965426	988	1006	Polo-like kinase 1	T116,T126	C0290178
27965426	1008	1012	PLK1	T116,T126	C0290178
27965426	1023	1032	signaling	T038	C3537152
27965426	1044	1051	spindle	T026	C1166795
27965426	1052	1062	subnetwork	T169	C1882071
27965426	1067	1081	phosphorylated	T116	C1519061
27965426	1099	1107	Tyr(217)	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27965426	1115	1128	kinase domain	T087	C1519724
27965426	1130	1142	Substitution	T045	C0525038
27965426	1146	1154	Tyr(217)	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27965426	1162	1184	phosphomimetic residue	T104	C1254350
27965426	1196	1200	PLK1	T116,T126	C0290178
27965426	1201	1209	activity	T044	C1537044
27965426	1210	1218	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27965426	1226	1231	cells	T025	C0007634
27965426	1241	1249	analysis	T062	C0936012
27965426	1262	1270	Tyr(217)	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
27965426	1271	1286	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27965426	1299	1326	phosphorylation of Thr(210)	T044	C1158892
27965426	1334	1349	activation loop	T082	C0445022
27965426	1353	1368	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27965426	1389	1393	PLK1	T116,T126	C0290178
27965426	1394	1402	activity	T044	C1537044
27965426	1427	1434	mitotic	T080	C1513354
27965426	1435	1459	tyrosine phosphorylation	T044	C1519726
27965426	1476	1499	serine/threonine kinase	T116,T126	C0072402
27965426	1507	1520	mitotic cells	T025	C0230518
27965426	1561	1585	tyrosine phosphorylation	T044	C1519726
27965426	1615	1627	unrecognized	T080	C4288068
27965426	1628	1645	regulatory events	T169	C1514829
27965426	1650	1659	complexes	T080	C0439855
27965426	1685	1695	structures	T026	C0243092
27965426	1703	1713	cell cycle	T043	C0007586

27965450|t|Functional Characterization of Pneumocystis carinii Inositol Transporter 1
27965450|a|Fungi in the genus Pneumocystis live in the lungs of mammals, where they can cause a fatal pneumonia (PCP [Pneumocystis pneumonia]) in hosts with compromised immune systems. The absence of a continuous in vitro culture system for any species of Pneumocystis has led to limited understanding of these fungi, especially for the discovery of new therapies. We recently reported that Pneumocystis carinii, Pneumocystis murina, and most significantly, Pneumocystis jirovecii lack both enzymes necessary for myo-inositol biosynthesis but contain genes with homologies to fungal myo-inositol transporters. Since myo-inositol is essential for eukaryotic viability, the primary transporter, ITR1, was functionally and structurally characterized in P. carinii The predicted structure of P. carinii ITR1 (PcITR1) contained 12 transmembrane alpha-helices with intracellular C and N termini, consistent with other inositol transporters. The apparent Km was 0.94 ± 0.08 (mean ± standard deviation), suggesting that myo-inositol transport in P. carinii is likely through a low-affinity, highly selective transport system, as no other sugars or inositol stereoisomers were significant competitive inhibitors. Glucose transport was shown to use a different transport system. The myo-inositol transport was distinct from mammalian transporters, as it was not sodium dependent and was cytochalasin B resistant. Inositol transport in these fungi offers an attractive new drug target because of the reliance of the fungi on its transport, clear differences between the mammalian and fungal transporters, and the ability of the host to both synthesize and transport this critical nutrient, predicting low toxicity of potential inhibitors to the fungal transporter. myo-Inositol is a sugarlike nutrient that is essential for life in most organisms. Humans and microbes alike can obtain it by making it, which involves only 2 enzymes, by taking it from the environment by a transport process, or by recycling it from other cellular constituents. Inspection of the genomes of the pathogenic fungi of the genus Pneumocystis showed that these pneumonia - causing parasites could not make myo-inositol, as they lacked the 2 enzymes. Instead, we found evidence of inositol transporters, which would import the sugar from the lungs where the fungi reside. In the present report, we characterized the transport of myo-inositol in the fungus and found that the transporter was highly selective for myo-inositol and did not transport any other molecules. The transport was distinct from that in mammalian cells, and since mammals can both make and transport myo-inositol, while Pneumocystis fungi must transport it, this process offers a potential new drug target.
27965450	31	51	Pneumocystis carinii	T004	C0032276
27965450	52	74	Inositol Transporter 1	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	75	80	Fungi	T004	C0016832
27965450	88	106	genus Pneumocystis	T004	C0597258
27965450	119	124	lungs	T023	C0024109
27965450	128	135	mammals	T015	C0024660
27965450	160	165	fatal	T080	C1302234
27965450	166	175	pneumonia	T047	C0339961
27965450	177	180	PCP	T047	C1535939
27965450	182	204	Pneumocystis pneumonia	T047	C1535939
27965450	210	215	hosts	T001	C1167395
27965450	233	247	immune systems	T022	C0020962
27965450	277	285	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27965450	286	300	culture system	T059	C0430400
27965450	309	316	species	T185	C1705920
27965450	320	332	Pneumocystis	T004	C0597258
27965450	375	380	fungi	T004	C0016832
27965450	401	410	discovery	T052	C1880355
27965450	418	427	therapies	T061	C0087111
27965450	455	475	Pneumocystis carinii	T004	C0032276
27965450	477	496	Pneumocystis murina	T004	C1499624
27965450	522	544	Pneumocystis jirovecii	T004	C0320385
27965450	555	562	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27965450	577	602	myo-inositol biosynthesis	T044	C1156341
27965450	615	636	genes with homologies	T028	C1334043
27965450	640	646	fungal	T004	C0016832
27965450	647	659	myo-inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27965450	660	672	transporters	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	680	692	myo-inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27965450	710	720	eukaryotic	T025	C0015161
27965450	721	730	viability	T043	C0007620
27965450	744	755	transporter	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	757	761	ITR1	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	767	779	functionally	T169	C0205245
27965450	784	796	structurally	T082	C0678594
27965450	814	824	P. carinii	T004	C0032276
27965450	839	848	structure	T116	C1510464
27965450	852	862	P. carinii	T004	C0032276
27965450	863	867	ITR1	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	869	875	PcITR1	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	890	903	transmembrane	T026	C1167322
27965450	904	917	alpha-helices	T082	C0162805
27965450	923	936	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27965450	937	938	C	T087	C1707271
27965450	943	952	N termini	T087	C1706793
27965450	976	984	inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27965450	985	997	transporters	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	1076	1098	myo-inositol transport	T043	C1159756
27965450	1102	1112	P. carinii	T004	C0032276
27965450	1164	1180	transport system	T043	C0005528
27965450	1194	1200	sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
27965450	1204	1212	inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27965450	1213	1226	stereoisomers	T104	C0376211
27965450	1244	1255	competitive	T044	C0005458
27965450	1256	1266	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27965450	1268	1285	Glucose transport	T043	C0178666
27965450	1315	1324	transport	T043	C0005528
27965450	1337	1359	myo-inositol transport	T043	C1159756
27965450	1378	1387	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27965450	1388	1400	transporters	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	1416	1432	sodium dependent	T043	C1523889
27965450	1441	1455	cytochalasin B	T121,T123	C0010737
27965450	1456	1465	resistant	T169	C0332325
27965450	1467	1485	Inositol transport	T043	C1159756
27965450	1495	1500	fungi	T004	C0016832
27965450	1511	1521	attractive	T080	C2346874
27965450	1526	1530	drug	T121	C1254351
27965450	1531	1537	target	T169	C1521840
27965450	1569	1574	fungi	T004	C0016832
27965450	1582	1591	transport	T043	C0005528
27965450	1623	1632	mammalian	T015	C0024660
27965450	1637	1643	fungal	T004	C0016832
27965450	1644	1656	transporters	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	1681	1685	host	T001	C1167395
27965450	1709	1718	transport	T043	C0005528
27965450	1724	1732	critical	T080	C1511545
27965450	1733	1741	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27965450	1754	1757	low	T080	C0205251
27965450	1758	1766	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27965450	1770	1779	potential	T080	C3245505
27965450	1780	1790	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
27965450	1798	1804	fungal	T004	C0016832
27965450	1805	1816	transporter	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	1818	1830	myo-Inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27965450	1836	1845	sugarlike	T109,T121	C0242209
27965450	1846	1854	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27965450	1863	1872	essential	T080	C0205224
27965450	1877	1881	life	T078	C0376558
27965450	1890	1899	organisms	T001	C0029235
27965450	1901	1907	Humans	T016	C0086418
27965450	1912	1920	microbes	T001	C0445623
27965450	1977	1984	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27965450	2008	2019	environment	T082	C0014406
27965450	2025	2042	transport process	T044	C1519628
27965450	2074	2082	cellular	T025	C0007634
27965450	2083	2095	constituents	T167	C0729650
27965450	2115	2122	genomes	T028	C0085239
27965450	2130	2146	pathogenic fungi	T004	C3826297
27965450	2154	2172	genus Pneumocystis	T004	C0597258
27965450	2191	2200	pneumonia	T047	C0339961
27965450	2203	2210	causing	T169	C0678227
27965450	2211	2220	parasites	T204	C0030498
27965450	2236	2248	myo-inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27965450	2271	2278	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27965450	2310	2318	inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27965450	2319	2331	transporters	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	2356	2361	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
27965450	2371	2376	lungs	T023	C0024109
27965450	2387	2392	fungi	T004	C0016832
27965450	2445	2454	transport	T043	C0005528
27965450	2458	2470	myo-inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27965450	2478	2484	fungus	T004	C0016832
27965450	2504	2515	transporter	T116,T123	C0596902
27965450	2541	2553	myo-inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27965450	2566	2575	transport	T043	C0005528
27965450	2586	2595	molecules	T167	C0567416
27965450	2601	2610	transport	T043	C0005528
27965450	2637	2652	mammalian cells	T025	C1512977
27965450	2664	2671	mammals	T015	C0024660
27965450	2690	2699	transport	T043	C0005528
27965450	2700	2712	myo-inositol	T109,T121,T127	C0021547
27965450	2720	2738	Pneumocystis fungi	T004	C0597258
27965450	2744	2753	transport	T043	C0005528
27965450	2780	2789	potential	T080	C3245505
27965450	2794	2798	drug	T121	C1254351
27965450	2799	2805	target	T169	C1521840

27965563|t|Functional Connectivity Reveals Which Language the " Control Regions " Control during Bilingual Production
27965563|a|Bilingual studies have revealed critical roles for the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the left caudate nucleus (Lcaudate) in controlling language processing, but how these regions manage activation of a bilingual 's two language s remains an open question. We addressed this question by identifying the functional connectivity (FC) of these control regions during a picture - naming task by bimodal bilinguals who were fluent in both a spoken and a signed language. To quantify language control processes, we measured the FC of the dACC and Lcaudate with a region specific to each language modality: left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG) for speech and left pre/postcentral gyrus (LPCG) for sign. Picture - naming occurred in either a single - or dual - language context. The results showed that in a single - language context, the dACC exhibited increased FC with the target language region, but not with the non-target language region. During the dual - language context when both languages were alternately the target language, the dACC showed strong FC to the LPCG, the region specific to the less proficien t (signed) language. By contrast, the Lcaudate revealed a strong connectivity to the LPCG in the single - language context and to the LSTG (the region specific to spoken language) in the dual - language context. Our findings suggest that the dACC monitors and supports the processing of the target language, and that the Lcaudate controls the selection of the less accessible language. The results support the hypothesis that language control processes adapt to task demands that vary due to different interactional contexts.
27965563	0	23	Functional Connectivity	T169	C1707489
27965563	24	31	Reveals	T080	C0443289
27965563	38	46	Language	T171	C0023008
27965563	53	60	Control	T169	C2587213
27965563	61	68	Regions	T082	C0205147
27965563	71	78	Control	T169	C2587213
27965563	86	95	Bilingual	T080	C0205556
27965563	96	106	Production	T052	C1706214
27965563	107	116	Bilingual	T080	C0205556
27965563	117	124	studies	T062	C2603343
27965563	130	138	revealed	T080	C0443289
27965563	139	147	critical	T080	C1511545
27965563	148	153	roles	T077	C1705810
27965563	162	194	dorsal anterior cingulate cortex	T029	C3495548
27965563	196	200	dACC	T029	C3495548
27965563	210	230	left caudate nucleus	T023	C2330782
27965563	232	240	Lcaudate	T023	C2330782
27965563	245	256	controlling	T169	C2587213
27965563	257	265	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	266	276	processing	T052	C1709694
27965563	292	299	regions	T082	C0205147
27965563	300	306	manage	UnknownType	C0677351
27965563	307	317	activation	T052	C1879547
27965563	323	332	bilingual	T080	C0205556
27965563	340	348	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	362	366	open	T082	C0175566
27965563	367	375	question	T170	C1522634
27965563	395	403	question	T170	C1522634
27965563	407	418	identifying	T041	C0020792
27965563	423	446	functional connectivity	T169	C1707489
27965563	448	450	FC	T169	C1707489
27965563	461	468	control	T169	C2587213
27965563	469	476	regions	T082	C0205147
27965563	486	493	picture	T073	C0441469
27965563	496	502	naming	T041	C0233735
27965563	503	507	task	T057	C3540678
27965563	511	529	bimodal bilinguals	T096	C0681850
27965563	539	545	fluent	T033	C4068804
27965563	556	562	spoken	T033	C0424919
27965563	569	584	signed language	T171	C0037078
27965563	589	597	quantify	T081	C1709793
27965563	598	606	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	607	614	control	T169	C2587213
27965563	615	624	processes	T067	C1522240
27965563	629	637	measured	T081	C0079809
27965563	642	644	FC	T169	C1707489
27965563	652	656	dACC	T029	C3495548
27965563	661	669	Lcaudate	T023	C2330782
27965563	677	683	region	T082	C0205147
27965563	684	692	specific	T080	C0205369
27965563	701	709	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	710	718	modality	T078	C0695347
27965563	720	748	left superior temporal gyrus	T023	C2339013
27965563	750	754	LSTG	T023	C2339013
27965563	760	766	speech	T040	C0037817
27965563	771	797	left pre/postcentral gyrus	T023	C2329204
27965563	799	803	LPCG	T023	C2329204
27965563	809	813	sign	T171	C0037078
27965563	815	822	Picture	T073	C0441469
27965563	825	831	naming	T041	C0233735
27965563	832	840	occurred	T052	C1709305
27965563	853	859	single	T081	C0205171
27965563	865	869	dual	T081	C0392762
27965563	872	880	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	881	888	context	T078	C0449255
27965563	894	901	results	T033	C0683954
27965563	919	925	single	T081	C0205171
27965563	928	936	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	937	944	context	T078	C0449255
27965563	950	954	dACC	T029	C3495548
27965563	955	964	exhibited	T169	C0870432
27965563	965	974	increased	T081	C0205217
27965563	975	977	FC	T169	C1707489
27965563	987	993	target	T169	C1521840
27965563	994	1002	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	1003	1009	region	T082	C0205147
27965563	1028	1038	non-target	T169	C0205245
27965563	1039	1047	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	1048	1054	region	T082	C0205147
27965563	1067	1071	dual	T081	C0392762
27965563	1074	1082	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	1083	1090	context	T078	C0449255
27965563	1101	1110	languages	T171	C0023008
27965563	1116	1127	alternately	T077	C1523987
27965563	1132	1138	target	T169	C1521840
27965563	1139	1147	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	1153	1157	dACC	T029	C3495548
27965563	1165	1171	strong	T080	C0442821
27965563	1172	1174	FC	T169	C1707489
27965563	1182	1186	LPCG	T023	C2329204
27965563	1192	1198	region	T082	C0205147
27965563	1199	1207	specific	T080	C0205369
27965563	1215	1219	less	T081	C0439092
27965563	1220	1229	proficien	T033	C1299581
27965563	1232	1249	(signed) language	T171	C0037078
27965563	1254	1262	contrast	T080	C1979874
27965563	1268	1276	Lcaudate	T023	C2330782
27965563	1277	1285	revealed	T080	C0443289
27965563	1288	1294	strong	T080	C0442821
27965563	1295	1307	connectivity	T169	C1707489
27965563	1315	1319	LPCG	T023	C2329204
27965563	1327	1333	single	T081	C0205171
27965563	1336	1344	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	1345	1352	context	T078	C0449255
27965563	1364	1368	LSTG	T023	C2339013
27965563	1374	1380	region	T082	C0205147
27965563	1381	1389	specific	T080	C0205369
27965563	1393	1399	spoken	T033	C0424919
27965563	1400	1408	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	1417	1421	dual	T081	C0392762
27965563	1424	1432	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	1433	1440	context	T078	C0449255
27965563	1446	1454	findings	T033	C0243095
27965563	1455	1462	suggest	T078	C1705535
27965563	1472	1476	dACC	T029	C3495548
27965563	1477	1485	monitors	T058	C1283169
27965563	1490	1498	supports	T077	C1521721
27965563	1503	1513	processing	T052	C1709694
27965563	1521	1527	target	T169	C1521840
27965563	1528	1536	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	1551	1559	Lcaudate	T023	C2330782
27965563	1560	1568	controls	T169	C2587213
27965563	1573	1582	selection	T052	C1707391
27965563	1590	1594	less	T081	C0439092
27965563	1595	1605	accessible	T082	C0444454
27965563	1606	1614	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	1620	1627	results	T033	C0683954
27965563	1628	1635	support	T077	C1521721
27965563	1640	1650	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27965563	1656	1664	language	T171	C0023008
27965563	1665	1672	control	T169	C2587213
27965563	1673	1682	processes	T067	C1522240
27965563	1683	1688	adapt	T169	C0456081
27965563	1692	1696	task	T057	C3540678
27965563	1697	1704	demands	T052	C1272683
27965563	1710	1714	vary	T080	C0205419
27965563	1722	1731	different	T080	C1705242
27965563	1732	1745	interactional	T169	C1704675
27965563	1746	1754	contexts	T078	C0449255

27965933|t|Colorectal Choriocarcinoma in a Patient with Probable Lynch Syndrome
27965933|a|Personalized therapy of colorectal cancer is influenced by morphological, molecular, and host-related factors. Here, we report the comprehensive clinicopathological and molecular analysis of an extra-gestational colorectal choriocarcinoma in a patient with probable Lynch syndrome. A 61-year-old female with history of gastric cancer at age 36 presented with a transmurally invasive tumor of the right hemicolon and liver metastasis. A right hemicolectomy was performed. Histopathological analysis showed a mixed trophoblastic and syncytiotrophoblastic differentiation, consistent with choriocarcinoma. Disease progression was rapid under oxaliplatin, capecitabine, irinotecan, and bevacizumab. Molecular phenotyping identified loss of mismatch-repair protein immunostaining for PMS2, microsatellite instability, a lack of MLH1 promoter methylation, and lack of BRAF mutation suggestive of Lynch syndrome. Targeted next-generation sequencing revealed an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (p.P604S) missense mutation. A bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin treatment protocol targeting germ cell neoplasia lead to disease remission and prolonged survival of 34 months. Comprehensive immunohistochemical and genetic testing is essential to identify uncommon cancers possibly related to Lynch syndrome. For rare tumors, personalized therapeutic approaches should take both molecular and morphological information into account.
27965933	0	26	Colorectal Choriocarcinoma	T191	C0009402
27965933	32	39	Patient	T101	C0030705
27965933	45	53	Probable	T081	C0033204
27965933	54	68	Lynch Syndrome	T047	C2931459
27965933	69	81	Personalized	T080	C1709510
27965933	82	89	therapy	T061	C0087111
27965933	93	110	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
27965933	128	141	morphological	T080	C0332437
27965933	143	152	molecular	T080	C1521991
27965933	158	170	host-related	T001	C1167395
27965933	200	213	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27965933	214	233	clinicopathological	T169	C1521733
27965933	238	256	molecular analysis	T063	C1513380
27965933	263	280	extra-gestational	T040	C0032961
27965933	281	307	colorectal choriocarcinoma	T191	C0009402
27965933	313	320	patient	T101	C0030705
27965933	326	334	probable	T081	C0033204
27965933	335	349	Lynch syndrome	T047	C2931459
27965933	365	371	female	T032	C0086287
27965933	377	387	history of	T033	C0262926
27965933	388	402	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
27965933	443	457	invasive tumor	T191	C0677898
27965933	465	480	right hemicolon	T023	C1305188
27965933	485	501	liver metastasis	T191	C0494165
27965933	505	524	right hemicolectomy	T061	C0192861
27965933	540	566	Histopathological analysis	T169	C0243140
27965933	576	595	mixed trophoblastic	T191	C0041182
27965933	600	621	syncytiotrophoblastic	T018	C1135936
27965933	622	637	differentiation	UnknownType	C0678724
27965933	639	654	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27965933	655	670	choriocarcinoma	T191	C0008497
27965933	672	691	Disease progression	T046	C0242656
27965933	708	719	oxaliplatin	T109,T121	C0069717
27965933	721	733	capecitabine	T114,T121	C0671970
27965933	735	745	irinotecan	T109,T121	C0123931
27965933	751	762	bevacizumab	T116,T121,T129	C0796392
27965933	764	785	Molecular phenotyping	T059	C1285572
27965933	805	828	mismatch-repair protein	T116,T123	C1333235
27965933	829	843	immunostaining	T059	C0487602
27965933	848	852	PMS2	T116,T123	C1333235
27965933	854	880	microsatellite instability	T046	C0920269
27965933	884	917	lack of MLH1 promoter methylation	T059	C3862821
27965933	931	944	BRAF mutation	T049	C1511021
27965933	959	973	Lynch syndrome	T047	C2931459
27965933	984	1010	next-generation sequencing	T090	C3274765
27965933	1023	1062	ataxia telangiectasia mutated (p.P604S)	T116,T126	C3711796
27965933	1063	1080	missense mutation	T045	C0599155
27965933	1084	1093	bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
27965933	1095	1104	etoposide	T109,T121	C0015133
27965933	1110	1119	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
27965933	1120	1138	treatment protocol	T061	C0040808
27965933	1139	1148	targeting	T169	C1521840
27965933	1149	1168	germ cell neoplasia	T191	C4021985
27965933	1177	1194	disease remission	T033	C0544452
27965933	1199	1208	prolonged	T079	C0439590
27965933	1209	1217	survival	T052	C0038952
27965933	1232	1245	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
27965933	1246	1265	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27965933	1270	1285	genetic testing	T059	C0393006
27965933	1311	1327	uncommon cancers	T047	C4054123
27965933	1348	1362	Lynch syndrome	T047	C2931459
27965933	1368	1379	rare tumors	T047	C4054123
27965933	1381	1393	personalized	T080	C1709510
27965933	1394	1416	therapeutic approaches	T061	C0087111
27965933	1434	1443	molecular	T080	C1521991
27965933	1448	1461	morphological	T080	C0332437
27965933	1462	1473	information	T078	C1533716

27966700|t|Development of molecularly imprinted polymers specific for blood antigens for application in antibody-free blood typing
27966700|a|A novel approach in antibody-free blood typing based on molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles is described.
27966700	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
27966700	15	36	molecularly imprinted	T063	C1956060
27966700	37	45	polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
27966700	59	73	blood antigens	T129	C0005804
27966700	93	119	antibody-free blood typing	T059	C0005844
27966700	140	166	antibody-free blood typing	T059	C0005844
27966700	176	197	molecularly imprinted	T063	C1956060
27966700	198	207	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
27966700	208	221	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054

27969034|t|The effect of the support program on the resilience of female family caregivers of stroke patients: Randomized controlled trial
27969034|a|The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of a support program on the resilience of female family caregivers of stroke patients. This is a randomized controlled trial. The sample consisted 70 female family caregivers (34 experimental, 36 control group). Data were collected three times (pretest-posttest, follow-up test). Data were collected using the demographical data form, the Family Index of Regenerativity and Adaptation-General. A significant difference was determined between the experimental and control group's follow-up test scores for relative and friend support, social support and family-coping coherence. A significant difference was determined between the experimental group's mean pretest, posttest and follow-up test scores in terms of family strain, relative and friend support, social support, family coping-coherence, family hardiness and family distress. These results suggest that the Support Program contributes to the improvement of the components of resilience of family caregivers of stroke patients.
27969034	4	10	effect	T080	C1280500
27969034	18	33	support program	UnknownType	C0680682
27969034	41	51	resilience	T055	C0683253
27969034	55	61	female	T098	C0043210
27969034	62	79	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
27969034	83	89	stroke	T047	C0038454
27969034	90	98	patients	T101	C0030705
27969034	100	127	Randomized controlled trial	T062,T170	C1096777
27969034	147	152	study	T062	C2603343
27969034	174	180	effect	T080	C1280500
27969034	186	201	support program	UnknownType	C0680682
27969034	209	219	resilience	T055	C0683253
27969034	223	229	female	T098	C0043210
27969034	223	229	female	T098	C0043210
27969034	230	247	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
27969034	251	257	stroke	T047	C0038454
27969034	258	266	patients	T101	C0030705
27969034	278	305	randomized controlled trial	T062,T170	C1096777
27969034	331	337	female	T098	C0043210
27969034	338	355	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
27969034	360	372	experimental	T080	C1517586
27969034	377	390	control group	T096	C0009932
27969034	393	397	Data	T078	C1511726
27969034	426	442	pretest-posttest	T170	C0032919
27969034	444	458	follow-up test	T062	C0016441
27969034	461	465	Data	T078	C1511726
27969034	491	504	demographical	T062	C0011289
27969034	505	514	data form	T170	C0282574
27969034	520	573	Family Index of Regenerativity and Adaptation-General	T058	C1255665
27969034	577	599	significant difference	T081	C1705241
27969034	627	639	experimental	T080	C1517586
27969034	644	659	control group's	T096	C0009932
27969034	660	674	follow-up test	T062	C0016441
27969034	675	681	scores	T080	C0237855
27969034	686	694	relative	T099	C0080103
27969034	699	713	friend support	T077	C1521721
27969034	715	729	social support	T054	C0037438
27969034	734	757	family-coping coherence	T054	C1319178
27969034	761	783	significant difference	T081	C1705241
27969034	811	823	experimental	T080	C1517586
27969034	824	831	group's	T078	C0441833
27969034	837	844	pretest	T081	C0449820
27969034	846	854	posttest	T081	C0449820
27969034	859	880	follow-up test scores	T081	C0449820
27969034	893	906	family strain	T041	C2987481
27969034	908	916	relative	T099	C0080103
27969034	921	935	friend support	T077	C1521721
27969034	937	951	social support	T054	C0037438
27969034	953	976	family coping-coherence	T054	C1319178
27969034	978	994	family hardiness	T032	C0870635
27969034	999	1014	family distress	T033	C0743827
27969034	1022	1029	results	T169	C1274040
27969034	1047	1062	Support Program	UnknownType	C0680682
27969034	1082	1093	improvement	T077	C2986411
27969034	1101	1111	components	T077	C1705248
27969034	1115	1125	resilience	T055	C0683253
27969034	1129	1146	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
27969034	1150	1156	stroke	T047	C0038454
27969034	1157	1165	patients	T101	C0030705

27973380|t|Reference data for jumping mechanography in Canadian children, adolescents and young adults
27973380|a|To provide age - and sex - specific reference data for mechanography -derived parameters of muscle function in Canadian children and youth using the single two-legged jump (S2LJ) with hands-on-waist. Our sample included 2017 observations from 715 participants (9-21 years; 338 girls). Participants performed three S2LJ with hands-on-waist on a force platform (Leonardo Mechanograph, Novotec). Outcomes were maximum peak power (Pmax), Pmax / mass, peak force / body weight (Fmax / BW), force efficiency, maximum jump height (Hmax), and velocity (Vmax). We used the LMS method to construct age - and sex - specific percentile curves and mixed effects models to examine sex and ethnic differences. With the exception of Efficiency, mechanography outcomes were greater in girls (4-40%, p<0.05) than boys at age 9. Boys ' advantage in mechanography parameters emerged in adolescence (age 11-13 years; 3-65%, p<0.05) and persisted into young adulthood, except for Fmax / BW which was not greater in boys until age 17 (4-10%, p<0.05). Mechanography outcomes were 3-9% (p<0.05) greater in Asian compared with white participants. We provide the first reference data for the S2LJ using the hands-on-waist protocol in children, youth and young adults. These data support previous findings using freely moving arms and can be used when evaluating muscle function in pediatric studies.
27973380	0	9	Reference	UnknownType	C0681460
27973380	10	14	data	T078	C1511726
27973380	19	40	jumping mechanography	T060	C0430022
27973380	44	52	Canadian	T083	C0006823
27973380	53	61	children	T100	C0008059
27973380	63	74	adolescents	T100	C0205653
27973380	79	91	young adults	T100	C0238598
27973380	103	106	age	T032	C0001779
27973380	113	116	sex	T032	C1522384
27973380	119	127	specific	T080	C0205369
27973380	128	137	reference	UnknownType	C0681460
27973380	138	142	data	T078	C1511726
27973380	147	160	mechanography	T060	C0430022
27973380	170	180	parameters	T033	C0449381
27973380	184	199	muscle function	T042	C0231484
27973380	203	211	Canadian	T083	C0006823
27973380	212	220	children	T100	C0008059
27973380	225	230	youth	T079	C0001578
27973380	241	263	single two-legged jump	T056	C0221189
27973380	265	269	S2LJ	T056	C0221189
27973380	276	290	hands-on-waist	T032	C1262869
27973380	317	329	observations	T062	C0302523
27973380	339	351	participants	T098	C0679646
27973380	358	363	years	T079	C1510829
27973380	369	374	girls	T100	C0870604
27973380	377	389	Participants	T098	C0679646
27973380	406	410	S2LJ	T056	C0221189
27973380	416	430	hands-on-waist	T032	C1262869
27973380	436	450	force platform	T074	C0492768
27973380	452	473	Leonardo Mechanograph	T074	C0025080
27973380	475	482	Novotec	T170	C0947322
27973380	485	493	Outcomes	T062	C0086750
27973380	499	517	maximum peak power	T068	C0032863
27973380	519	523	Pmax	T068	C0032863
27973380	526	530	Pmax	T068	C0032863
27973380	533	537	mass	T033	C0577559
27973380	539	549	peak force	T042	C0517349
27973380	552	563	body weight	T032	C0005910
27973380	565	569	Fmax	T042	C0517349
27973380	572	574	BW	T032	C0005910
27973380	577	582	force	T067	C0441722
27973380	583	593	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27973380	595	614	maximum jump height	T032	C0489786
27973380	616	620	Hmax	T032	C0489786
27973380	627	635	velocity	T081	C0439830
27973380	637	641	Vmax	T081	C0439830
27973380	656	666	LMS method	T169	C0449851
27973380	680	683	age	T032	C0001779
27973380	690	693	sex	T032	C1522384
27973380	696	704	specific	T080	C0205369
27973380	705	715	percentile	T081	C1264641
27973380	716	722	curves	T082	C2827995
27973380	727	747	mixed effects models	T081,T170	C0026348
27973380	751	758	examine	T062	C0936012
27973380	759	762	sex	T032	C1522384
27973380	767	785	ethnic differences	T033	C0682076
27973380	809	819	Efficiency	T081	C0013682
27973380	821	834	mechanography	T060	C0430022
27973380	835	843	outcomes	T062	C0086750
27973380	860	865	girls	T100	C0870604
27973380	887	891	boys	T100	C0870221
27973380	895	898	age	T032	C0001779
27973380	902	906	Boys	T100	C0870221
27973380	922	935	mechanography	T060	C0430022
27973380	936	946	parameters	T033	C0449381
27973380	958	969	adolescence	T100	C0205653
27973380	971	974	age	T032	C0001779
27973380	981	986	years	T079	C1510829
27973380	1022	1038	young adulthood,	T100	C0680085
27973380	1050	1054	Fmax	T042	C0517349
27973380	1057	1059	BW	T032	C0005910
27973380	1085	1089	boys	T100	C0870221
27973380	1096	1099	age	T032	C0001779
27973380	1120	1133	Mechanography	T060	C0430022
27973380	1134	1142	outcomes	T062	C0086750
27973380	1173	1178	Asian	T098	C0078988
27973380	1199	1211	participants	T098	C0679646
27973380	1234	1243	reference	UnknownType	C0681460
27973380	1244	1248	data	T078	C1511726
27973380	1257	1261	S2LJ	T056	C0221189
27973380	1272	1286	hands-on-waist	T032	C1262869
27973380	1299	1307	children	T100	C0008059
27973380	1309	1314	youth	T079	C0001578
27973380	1319	1331	young adults	T100	C0238598
27973380	1339	1343	data	T078	C1511726
27973380	1361	1369	findings	T033	C0243095
27973380	1383	1394	moving arms	T040	C0560560
27973380	1416	1426	evaluating	T058	C0220825
27973380	1427	1442	muscle function	T042	C0231484
27973380	1446	1455	pediatric	T080	C1521725
27973380	1456	1463	studies	T062	C2603343

27973939|t|Asystole From Direct Laryngoscopy: A Case Report and Literature Review
27973939|a|The rare and potentially fatal complication of asystole during direct laryngoscopy is linked to direct vagal stimulation. This case describes asystole in an 85-year-old female who underwent suspension microlaryngoscopy with tracheal dilation for subglottic stenosis. Quick recognition of this rare event with immediate cessation of laryngoscopy resulted in the return of normal sinus rhythm. This incident emphasizes the implications of continued vigilance during laryngoscopy and the importance of communication between the anesthesia and surgical staff to identify and treat this rare complication. The case was successfully concluded by premedication with an anticholinergic and by increasing the depth of anesthesia.
27973939	0	8	Asystole	T047	C0018790
27973939	14	33	Direct Laryngoscopy	T060	C0392823
27973939	37	48	Case Report	T170	C0085973
27973939	53	70	Literature Review	T170	C0282441
27973939	75	79	rare	T080	C0522498
27973939	96	101	fatal	T080	C1302234
27973939	102	114	complication	T046	C0009566
27973939	118	126	asystole	T047	C0018790
27973939	134	153	direct laryngoscopy	T060	C0392823
27973939	174	191	vagal stimulation	T060	C1293903
27973939	213	221	asystole	T047	C0018790
27973939	240	246	female	T032	C0086287
27973939	261	289	suspension microlaryngoscopy	T060	C0456202
27973939	295	312	tracheal dilation	T042	C1523609
27973939	317	336	subglottic stenosis	T190	C0238441
27973939	344	355	recognition	T041	C0524637
27973939	390	399	cessation	T052	C1880019
27973939	403	415	laryngoscopy	T060	C0023072
27973939	442	461	normal sinus rhythm	T033	C0232202
27973939	518	527	vigilance	T041	C0043012
27973939	535	547	laryngoscopy	T060	C0023072
27973939	570	583	communication	T054	C0009452
27973939	596	606	anesthesia	T097	C0025106
27973939	611	625	surgical staff	T097	C0025106
27973939	642	647	treat	T061	C0087111
27973939	653	657	rare	T080	C0522498
27973939	658	670	complication	T046	C0009566
27973939	711	724	premedication	T061	C0033045
27973939	733	748	anticholinergic	T121	C0242896
27973939	780	790	anesthesia	T121	C4049933

27975020|t|Divided and Sliding Superficial Temporal Artery Flap for Primary Donor-site Closure
27975020|a|Superficial temporal artery (STA) flaps are often used for reconstruction of hair-bearing areas. However, primary closure of the donor site is not easy when the size of the necessary skin island is relatively large. In such cases, skin grafts are needed at the donor site, resulting in baldness. We have solved this issue by applying the divided and sliding flap technique, which was first reported for primary donor-site closure of a latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap. We applied this technique to the hair-bearing STA flap, where primary donor-site closure is extremely beneficial for preventing baldness consequent to skin grafting. The STA flap was divided into 3, and creation of large flap was possible. Therefore, we concluded that the divided and sliding STA flap could at least partially solve the donor-site problem. Although further investigation is necessary to validate the maximum possible flap size, this technique may be applicable to at least small defects that are common after skin cancer ablation or trauma.
27975020	0	7	Divided	T169	C0332849
27975020	12	19	Sliding	T169	C0332246
27975020	20	47	Superficial Temporal Artery	T023	C0226130
27975020	48	52	Flap	T023	C0038925
27975020	57	64	Primary	T080	C0205225
27975020	65	75	Donor-site	T029	C1444716
27975020	76	83	Closure	T061	C0185003
27975020	84	111	Superficial temporal artery	T023	C0226130
27975020	113	116	STA	T023	C0226130
27975020	118	123	flaps	T023	C0038925
27975020	143	157	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27975020	161	179	hair-bearing areas	T029	C0005898
27975020	190	205	primary closure	T061	C0441503
27975020	213	223	donor site	T029	C1444716
27975020	245	249	size	T082	C0456389
27975020	267	278	skin island	T022	C1123023
27975020	293	298	large	T081	C0549177
27975020	315	326	skin grafts	T023	C0040748
27975020	345	355	donor site	T029	C1444716
27975020	370	378	baldness	T047	C0002170
27975020	422	429	divided	T169	C0332849
27975020	434	441	sliding	T169	C0332246
27975020	442	446	flap	T023	C0038925
27975020	447	456	technique	T169	C0449851
27975020	487	513	primary donor-site closure	T061	C0441503
27975020	519	552	latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous	T023	C0224362
27975020	553	557	flap	T023	C0038925
27975020	575	584	technique	T169	C0449851
27975020	592	608	hair-bearing STA	T023	C0226130
27975020	609	613	flap	T023	C0038925
27975020	621	647	primary donor-site closure	T061	C0441503
27975020	676	686	preventing	T080	C2700409
27975020	687	695	baldness	T047	C0002170
27975020	710	723	skin grafting	T061	C0037297
27975020	729	732	STA	T023	C0226130
27975020	733	737	flap	T023	C0038925
27975020	742	749	divided	T169	C0332849
27975020	762	770	creation	T052	C1706214
27975020	780	784	flap	T023	C0038925
27975020	832	839	divided	T169	C0332849
27975020	844	851	sliding	T169	C0332246
27975020	852	855	STA	T023	C0226130
27975020	856	860	flap	T023	C0038925
27975020	896	906	donor-site	T029	C1444716
27975020	907	914	problem	T033	C0033213
27975020	933	946	investigation	T058	C0220825
27975020	963	971	validate	T062	C1519941
27975020	976	983	maximum	T081	C0806909
27975020	984	992	possible	T033	C0332149
27975020	993	997	flap	T023	C0038925
27975020	998	1002	size	T082	C0456389
27975020	1009	1018	technique	T169	C0449851
27975020	1049	1054	small	T081	C0700321
27975020	1055	1062	defects	T169	C0243067
27975020	1085	1096	skin cancer	T191	C0007114
27975020	1097	1105	ablation	T061	C0547070
27975020	1109	1115	trauma	T037	C3714660

27975061|t|Influence of Surface Properties on Adhesion Forces and Attachment of Streptococcus mutans to Zirconia In Vitro
27975061|a|Zirconia is becoming a prevalent material in dentistry. However, any foreign bodies inserted may provide new niches for the bacteria in oral cavity. The object of this study was to explore the effect of surface properties including surface roughness and hydrophobicity on the adhesion and biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to zirconia. Atomic force microscopy was employed to determine the zirconia surface morphology and the adhesion forces between the S. mutans and zirconia. The results showed that the surface roughness was nanoscale and significantly different among tested groups (P < 0.05): Coarse (23.94 ± 2.52 nm) > Medium (17.00 ± 3.81 nm) > Fine (11.89 ± 1.68 nm). The contact angles of the Coarse group were the highest, followed by the Medium and the Fine groups. Increasing the surface roughness and hydrophobicity resulted in an increase of adhesion forces and early attachment (2 h and 4 h) of S. mutans on the zirconia but no influence on the further development of biofilm (6 h~24 h). Our findings suggest that the surface roughness in nanoscale and hydrophobicity of zirconia had influence on the S. mutans initial adhesion force and early attachment instead of whole stages of biofilm formation.
27975061	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
27975061	13	31	Surface Properties	T070	C0038884
27975061	35	50	Adhesion Forces	T067	C0441722
27975061	55	65	Attachment	T052	C1947904
27975061	69	89	Streptococcus mutans	T007	C0038409
27975061	93	101	Zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27975061	102	110	In Vitro	T080	C1533691
27975061	111	119	Zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27975061	134	152	prevalent material	T167	C0520510
27975061	156	165	dentistry	T091	C0011438
27975061	180	194	foreign bodies	T037	C0016542
27975061	195	203	inserted	T058	C0441587
27975061	235	243	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27975061	247	258	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
27975061	304	310	effect	T080	C1280500
27975061	314	332	surface properties	T070	C0038884
27975061	343	360	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
27975061	365	379	hydrophobicity	T080	C0598629
27975061	387	395	adhesion	T070	C0175633
27975061	400	417	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
27975061	421	441	Streptococcus mutans	T007	C0038409
27975061	443	452	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27975061	457	465	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27975061	467	490	Atomic force microscopy	T059	C0242849
27975061	521	529	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27975061	530	537	surface	T082	C0205148
27975061	538	548	morphology	T080	C0332437
27975061	557	572	adhesion forces	T067	C0441722
27975061	585	594	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27975061	599	607	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27975061	613	620	results	T169	C1274040
27975061	637	654	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
27975061	659	668	nanoscale	T081	C0392762
27975061	687	696	different	T080	C1705242
27975061	703	716	tested groups	T078	C0441833
27975061	729	735	Coarse	T080	C0205194
27975061	756	762	Medium	T081	C0439536
27975061	783	787	Fine	T080	C0205232
27975061	811	825	contact angles	T082	C0205143
27975061	833	845	Coarse group	T078	C0441833
27975061	880	886	Medium	T081	C0439536
27975061	895	906	Fine groups	T078	C0441833
27975061	923	940	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
27975061	945	959	hydrophobicity	T080	C0598629
27975061	987	1002	adhesion forces	T067	C0441722
27975061	1013	1023	attachment	T052	C1947904
27975061	1041	1050	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27975061	1058	1066	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27975061	1074	1083	influence	T077	C4054723
27975061	1099	1110	development	T169	C1527148
27975061	1114	1121	biofilm	T007	C0081786
27975061	1164	1181	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
27975061	1185	1194	nanoscale	T081	C0392762
27975061	1199	1213	hydrophobicity	T080	C0598629
27975061	1217	1225	zirconia	T121,T197	C0078814
27975061	1230	1239	influence	T077	C4054723
27975061	1247	1256	S. mutans	T007	C0038409
27975061	1265	1279	adhesion force	T067	C0441722
27975061	1290	1300	attachment	T052	C1947904
27975061	1328	1345	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881

27975209|t|Critical role for GLP-1 in symptomatic post-bariatric hypoglycaemia
27975209|a|Post-bariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH) is a rare, but severe, metabolic disorder arising months to years after bariatric surgery. It is characterised by symptomatic postprandial hypoglycaemia, with inappropriately elevated insulin concentrations. The relative contribution of exaggerated incretin hormone signalling to dysregulated insulin secretion and symptomatic hypoglycaemia is a subject of ongoing inquiry. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that PBH and associated symptoms are primarily mediated by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). We conducted a double-blinded crossover study wherein eight participants with confirmed PBH were assigned in random order to intravenous infusion of the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1r) antagonist. Exendin (9-39) (Ex-9), or placebo during an OGTT on two separate days at the Stanford University Clinical and Translational Research Unit. Metabolic, symptomatic and pharmacokinetic variables were evaluated. Results were compared with a cohort of BMI - and glucose -matched non-surgical controls (NSCs). Infusion of Ex-9 decreased the time to peak glucose and rate of glucose decline during OGTT, and raised the postprandial nadir by over 70%, normalising it relative to NSCs and preventing hypoglycaemia in all PBH participants. Insulin AUC and secretion rate decreased by 57% and 71% respectively, and peak postprandial insulin was normalised relative to NSCs. Autonomic and neuroglycopenic symptoms were significantly reduced during Ex-9 infusion. GLP-1r blockade prevented hypoglycaemia in 100% of individuals, normalised beta cell function and reversed neuroglycopenic symptoms, supporting the conclusion that GLP-1 plays a primary role in mediating hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in PBH. Competitive antagonism at the GLP-1r merits consideration as a therapeutic strategy. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02550145.
27975209	18	23	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
27975209	27	38	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27975209	39	67	post-bariatric hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
27975209	68	96	Post-bariatric hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
27975209	98	101	PBH	T047	C0020615
27975209	108	112	rare	T080	C0522498
27975209	118	124	severe	T080	C0205082
27975209	126	144	metabolic disorder	T047	C0025517
27975209	153	159	months	T079	C0439231
27975209	163	168	years	T079	C0439234
27975209	175	192	bariatric surgery	T061	C1456587
27975209	217	228	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27975209	229	241	postprandial	T079	C0376674
27975209	242	255	hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
27975209	287	294	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27975209	295	309	concentrations	T081	C1264643
27975209	340	351	exaggerated	T080	C0442801
27975209	352	368	incretin hormone	T116,T121,T125	C1562292
27975209	369	379	signalling	T038	C3537152
27975209	383	395	dysregulated	T077	C3887504
27975209	396	413	insulin secretion	T043	C1256369
27975209	418	429	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27975209	430	443	hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
27975209	468	475	inquiry	T052	C2987583
27975209	482	487	study	T062	C2603343
27975209	513	523	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27975209	529	532	PBH	T047	C0020615
27975209	548	556	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27975209	583	606	glucagon-like peptide-1	T116	C0061355
27975209	608	613	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
27975209	631	645	double-blinded	T062	C0013072
27975209	646	661	crossover study	T062	C0150097
27975209	676	688	participants	T098	C0679646
27975209	704	707	PBH	T047	C0020615
27975209	741	761	intravenous infusion	T061	C0021440
27975209	769	783	GLP-1 receptor	T192	C0378073
27975209	785	791	GLP-1r	T192	C0378073
27975209	793	803	antagonist	T120	C0003139
27975209	805	819	Exendin (9-39)	T116	C0247947
27975209	821	825	Ex-9	T116	C0247947
27975209	831	838	placebo	T061	C0032042
27975209	849	853	OGTT	T060	C0029161
27975209	882	901	Stanford University	T073,T092	C0041740
27975209	902	942	Clinical and Translational Research Unit	T093	C1274109
27975209	944	953	Metabolic	T169	C0311400
27975209	955	966	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27975209	971	996	pharmacokinetic variables	T169	C0031328
27975209	1042	1048	cohort	T098	C0599755
27975209	1052	1055	BMI	T201	C1305855
27975209	1062	1069	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27975209	1079	1100	non-surgical controls	T096	C0009932
27975209	1102	1106	NSCs	T096	C0009932
27975209	1109	1117	Infusion	T061	C0574032
27975209	1121	1125	Ex-9	T116	C0247947
27975209	1153	1160	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27975209	1165	1169	rate	T081	C1521828
27975209	1173	1180	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27975209	1196	1200	OGTT	T060	C0029161
27975209	1217	1229	postprandial	T079	C0376674
27975209	1230	1235	nadir	T080	C1708760
27975209	1276	1280	NSCs	T096	C0009932
27975209	1296	1309	hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
27975209	1317	1320	PBH	T047	C0020615
27975209	1321	1333	participants	T098	C0679646
27975209	1335	1342	Insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27975209	1343	1346	AUC	T081	C0376690
27975209	1351	1360	secretion	T042	C0312431
27975209	1361	1365	rate	T081	C1521828
27975209	1414	1426	postprandial	T079	C0376674
27975209	1427	1434	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27975209	1462	1466	NSCs	T096	C0009932
27975209	1468	1477	Autonomic	T033	C2674101
27975209	1482	1506	neuroglycopenic symptoms	T184	C1457887
27975209	1541	1545	Ex-9	T116	C0247947
27975209	1546	1554	infusion	T061	C0574032
27975209	1556	1562	GLP-1r	T192	C0378073
27975209	1582	1595	hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
27975209	1607	1618	individuals	T098	C0237401
27975209	1631	1649	beta cell function	T043	C0007613
27975209	1654	1687	reversed neuroglycopenic symptoms	T184	C1457887
27975209	1720	1725	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
27975209	1760	1791	hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia	T047	C1864903
27975209	1795	1798	PBH	T047	C0020615
27975209	1812	1822	antagonism	T044	C0013159
27975209	1830	1836	GLP-1r	T192	C0378073
27975209	1863	1883	therapeutic strategy	T169	C0039798

27975319|t|Deep Sequencing of the Hepatitis B Virus Genome: Analysis of Multiple Samples by Implementation of the Illumina Platform
27975319|a|The quasispecies variation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) was believed to be a viral response to antiviral treatment and host immune pressure. Sanger sequencing was previously the classic approach for quasispecies analysis, but this method was also time-consuming and laborious. Ultra-deep sequencing has been widely used in viral quasispecies research, especially for low-frequency mutation detection. Here we present a multiple samples deep sequencing method employing the Illumina platform to detect HBV quasispecies variation in patient-derived samples.
27975319	0	15	Deep Sequencing	T063	C2936624
27975319	23	40	Hepatitis B Virus	T005	C0019169
27975319	41	47	Genome	T028	C0017428
27975319	49	57	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27975319	70	77	Samples	T167	C0370003
27975319	81	95	Implementation	T052	C1708476
27975319	103	120	Illumina Platform	T063	C1513384
27975319	125	137	quasispecies	T005	C0042776
27975319	138	147	variation	T080	C0205419
27975319	151	168	hepatitis B virus	T005	C0019169
27975319	170	173	HBV	T005	C0019169
27975319	196	201	viral	T169	C0521026
27975319	202	210	response	T032	C0871261
27975319	214	233	antiviral treatment	T061	C2363964
27975319	238	242	host	T001	C1167395
27975319	243	249	immune	T169	C0439662
27975319	250	258	pressure	T169	C1306345
27975319	260	277	Sanger sequencing	T063	C1511897
27975319	318	330	quasispecies	T005	C0042776
27975319	331	339	analysis	T062	C0936012
27975319	350	356	method	T170	C0025663
27975319	366	380	time-consuming	T080	C3827829
27975319	396	417	Ultra-deep sequencing	T063	C2936624
27975319	442	460	viral quasispecies	T005	C0042776
27975319	461	469	research	T062	C0035168
27975319	486	499	low-frequency	T079	C0205213
27975319	500	518	mutation detection	T059	C1513778
27975319	528	535	present	T033	C0150312
27975319	547	554	samples	T167	C0370003
27975319	555	570	deep sequencing	T063	C2936624
27975319	571	577	method	T170	C0025663
27975319	578	587	employing	T033	C0557351
27975319	592	609	Illumina platform	T063	C1513384
27975319	613	619	detect	T033	C0442726
27975319	620	623	HBV	T005	C0019169
27975319	624	636	quasispecies	T005	C0042776
27975319	637	646	variation	T080	C0205419
27975319	650	673	patient-derived samples	T031	C1550655

27976654|t|Rolling out of kangaroo mother care in secondary level facilities in Bihar -Some experiences
27976654|a|Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of under-five child deaths worldwide and in India. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a powerful and easy-to-use method to promote health and well-being and reduce morbidity and mortality in preterm / low birth weight (LBW) babies. As the part of the roll-out of India Newborn Action Plan interventions, we implemented KMC in select facilities with an objective to assess the responsiveness of public health system to roll out KMC. KMC intervention was implemented in two select high priority districts, Gaya and Purnea in Bihar over the duration of 8 months from August 2015 to March 2016. The implementation of intervention was phased out into; situation analysis, implementation of intervention, and interim assessment. KMC model, as envisaged keeping in mind the building blocks of health system, was established in 6 identified health-care facilities. A pretested simple checklist was used to assess the awareness, knowledge, skills, and practice of KMC during baseline situational analysis and interim assessment phases for comparison. The intervention clearly seemed to improve the awareness among auxiliary nurse midwives / nurses about KMC. Improvements were also observed in the availability of infrastructure required for KMC and support logistics like facility for manual expression of breast milk, cups /suitable devices such as paladi cups for feeding small babies and digital weighing scale. Although the recording of information regarding LBW babies and KMC practice improved, still there is scope for much improvement. There is a commitment at the national level to promote KMC in every facility. The present experience shows the possibility of rolling out KMC in secondary level facilities with support from government functionaries.
27976654	0	11	Rolling out	T052	C0441655
27976654	15	35	kangaroo mother care	T061	C1257803
27976654	39	65	secondary level facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27976654	69	74	Bihar	T083	C0021201
27976654	81	92	experiences	T041	C0596545
27976654	93	106	Preterm birth	T033	C0151526
27976654	129	135	causes	T033	C0007465
27976654	150	155	child	T100	C0008059
27976654	156	162	deaths	T033	C1306577
27976654	180	185	India	T083	C0021201
27976654	187	207	Kangaroo mother care	T061	C1257803
27976654	209	212	KMC	T061	C1257803
27976654	244	250	method	T170	C0025663
27976654	262	268	health	T078	C0018684
27976654	295	304	morbidity	T081	C0026538
27976654	309	318	mortality	T081	C0021278
27976654	322	329	preterm	T047	C0021294
27976654	332	361	low birth weight (LBW) babies	T101	C0021288
27976654	382	390	roll-out	T052	C0441655
27976654	394	433	India Newborn Action Plan interventions	T170	C0282574
27976654	438	449	implemented	T052	C1708476
27976654	450	453	KMC	T061	C1257803
27976654	457	474	select facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27976654	525	545	public health system	T073,T093	C0018704
27976654	558	561	KMC	T061	C1257803
27976654	563	579	KMC intervention	T061	C1257803
27976654	610	633	high priority districts	T083	C0017446
27976654	635	639	Gaya	T083	C0017446
27976654	644	650	Purnea	T083	C0017446
27976654	654	659	Bihar	T083	C0021201
27976654	669	677	duration	T079	C0449238
27976654	683	689	months	T079	C0439231
27976654	726	740	implementation	T052	C1708476
27976654	744	756	intervention	T061	C0184661
27976654	778	796	situation analysis	T062	C0936012
27976654	798	828	implementation of intervention	T052	C1708476
27976654	834	852	interim assessment	T058	C0220825
27976654	854	863	KMC model	T075	C0026336
27976654	917	930	health system	T064	C1456613
27976654	953	986	identified health-care facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
27976654	1007	1016	checklist	T170	C1707357
27976654	1029	1035	assess	T058	C0184514
27976654	1040	1049	awareness	T041	C0004448
27976654	1051	1060	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27976654	1062	1068	skills	T055	C0678856
27976654	1074	1082	practice	T041	C0237607
27976654	1086	1089	KMC	T061	C1257803
27976654	1097	1126	baseline situational analysis	T062	C0936012
27976654	1131	1149	interim assessment	T058	C0220825
27976654	1161	1171	comparison	T052	C1707455
27976654	1177	1189	intervention	T058	C1273869
27976654	1208	1215	improve	T033	C0184511
27976654	1220	1229	awareness	T041	C0004448
27976654	1236	1260	auxiliary nurse midwives	T097	C0028655
27976654	1263	1269	nurses	T097	C0028661
27976654	1276	1279	KMC	T061	C1257803
27976654	1281	1293	Improvements	T077	C2986411
27976654	1336	1350	infrastructure	T185	C1514880
27976654	1364	1367	KMC	T061	C1257803
27976654	1395	1403	facility	T073,T093	C0018704
27976654	1408	1425	manual expression	T061	C0441544
27976654	1429	1440	breast milk	T031	C0026131
27976654	1442	1446	cups	T073	C3853579
27976654	1473	1484	paladi cups	T073	C3853579
27976654	1489	1509	feeding small babies	T058	C2148613
27976654	1514	1536	digital weighing scale	T073	C3273359
27976654	1551	1560	recording	T170	C0025102
27976654	1586	1596	LBW babies	T101	C0021288
27976654	1601	1613	KMC practice	T061	C1257803
27976654	1614	1622	improved	T033	C0184511
27976654	1639	1644	scope	T077	C1710028
27976654	1654	1665	improvement	T077	C2986411
27976654	1678	1688	commitment	T041	C0870312
27976654	1696	1710	national level	T082	C0681788
27976654	1714	1721	promote	T052	C0033414
27976654	1722	1725	KMC	T061	C1257803
27976654	1735	1743	facility	T073,T093	C0018704
27976654	1793	1804	rolling out	T052	C0441655
27976654	1805	1808	KMC	T061	C1257803
27976654	1812	1838	secondary level facilities	T073,T093	C0018704

27976741|t|Weighing Scale -Based Pulse Transit Time is a Superior Marker of Blood Pressure than Conventional Pulse Arrival Time
27976741|a|Pulse transit time (PTT) is being widely pursued for cuff-less blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Most efforts have employed the time delay between ECG and finger photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms as a convenient surrogate of PTT. However, these conventional pulse arrival time (PAT) measurements include the pre-ejection period (PEP) and the time delay through small, muscular arteries and may thus be an unreliable marker of BP. We assessed a bathroom weighing scale-like system for convenient measurement of ballistocardiography and foot PPG waveforms - and thus PTT through larger, more elastic arteries - in terms of its ability to improve tracking of BP in individual subjects. We measured " scale PTT ", conventional PAT, and cuff BP in humans during interventions that increased BP but changed PEP and smooth muscle contraction differently. Scale PTT tracked the diastolic BP changes well, with correlation coefficient of -0.80 ± 0.02 (mean ± SE) and root-mean-squared-error of 7.6 ± 0.5 mmHg after a best-case calibration. Conventional PAT was significantly inferior in tracking these changes, with correlation coefficien t of -0.60 ± 0.04 and root-mean-squared-error of 14.6 ± 1.5 mmHg (p < 0.05). Scale PTT also tracked the systolic BP changes better than conventional PAT but not to an acceptable level. With further development, scale PTT may permit reliable, convenient measurement of BP.
27976741	0	14	Weighing Scale	T074	C0183106
27976741	22	40	Pulse Transit Time	T081	C3494432
27976741	55	61	Marker	T080	C0008963
27976741	65	79	Blood Pressure	T040	C0005823
27976741	98	116	Pulse Arrival Time	T081	C0392762
27976741	117	135	Pulse transit time	T081	C3494432
27976741	137	140	PTT	T081	C3494432
27976741	170	210	cuff-less blood pressure (BP) monitoring	T058	C0026426
27976741	243	253	time delay	T079	C0522486
27976741	262	265	ECG	T060	C1623258
27976741	270	276	finger	T023	C0016129
27976741	277	297	photoplethysmography	T060	C0162599
27976741	299	302	PPG	T060	C0162599
27976741	304	313	waveforms	T033	C0428727
27976741	343	346	PTT	T081	C3494432
27976741	376	394	pulse arrival time	T081	C0392762
27976741	396	399	PAT	T081	C0392762
27976741	401	413	measurements	T169	C0242485
27976741	426	445	pre-ejection period	T201	C0807477
27976741	447	450	PEP	T201	C0807477
27976741	460	470	time delay	T079	C0522486
27976741	486	503	muscular arteries	T023	C0226002
27976741	534	540	marker	T080	C0008963
27976741	544	546	BP	T040	C0005823
27976741	562	597	bathroom weighing scale-like system	T074	C0025080
27976741	613	624	measurement	T169	C0242485
27976741	628	648	ballistocardiography	T060	C0004700
27976741	658	661	PPG	T060	C0162599
27976741	662	671	waveforms	T033	C0428727
27976741	683	686	PTT	T081	C3494432
27976741	708	724	elastic arteries	T023	C0226008
27976741	762	770	tracking	T082	C0546881
27976741	774	776	BP	T040	C0005823
27976741	780	799	individual subjects	UnknownType	C0681857
27976741	815	820	scale	T074	C0025080
27976741	821	824	PTT	T081	C3494432
27976741	841	844	PAT	T081	C0392762
27976741	850	854	cuff	T023	C1550244
27976741	855	857	BP	T040	C0005823
27976741	861	867	humans	T016	C0086418
27976741	904	906	BP	T040	C0005823
27976741	919	922	PEP	T201	C0807477
27976741	927	952	smooth muscle contraction	T042	C1155937
27976741	966	971	Scale	T074	C0025080
27976741	972	975	PTT	T081	C3494432
27976741	976	983	tracked	T082	C0546881
27976741	988	1000	diastolic BP	T201	C0428883
27976741	1020	1043	correlation coefficient	T081	C1707429
27976741	1076	1099	root-mean-squared-error	T080	C0743559
27976741	1113	1117	mmHg	T081	C0439475
27976741	1162	1165	PAT	T081	C0392762
27976741	1196	1204	tracking	T082	C0546881
27976741	1225	1247	correlation coefficien	T081	C1707429
27976741	1270	1293	root-mean-squared-error	T080	C0743559
27976741	1308	1312	mmHg	T081	C0439475
27976741	1325	1330	Scale	T074	C0025080
27976741	1331	1334	PTT	T081	C3494432
27976741	1352	1363	systolic BP	T201	C0871470
27976741	1397	1400	PAT	T081	C0392762
27976741	1459	1464	scale	T074	C0025080
27976741	1465	1468	PTT	T081	C3494432
27976741	1501	1512	measurement	T169	C0242485
27976741	1516	1518	BP	T040	C0005823

27976878|t|Worldwide Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Cereals and Cereal - Derived Food Products: Public Health Perspectives of Their Co-occurrence
27976878|a|Cereal grains and their processed food products are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins. Among many, five major mycotoxins of aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone are of significant public health concern as they can cause adverse effects in humans. Being airborne or soilborne, the cosmopolitan nature of mycotoxigenic fungi contribute to the worldwide occurrence of mycotoxins. On the basis of the global occurrence data reported during the past 10 years, the incidences and maximum levels in raw cereal grains were 55% and 1642 μg/kg for aflatoxins, 29% and 1164 μg/kg for ochratoxin A, 61% and 71,121 μg/kg for fumonisins, 58% and 41,157 μg/kg, for deoxynivalenol, and 46% and 3049 μg/kg for zearalenone. The concentrations of mycotoxins tend to be lower in processed food products; the incidences varied depending on the individual mycotoxins, possibly due to the varying stability during processing and distribution of mycotoxins. It should be noted that more than one mycotoxin, produced by a single or several fungal species, may occur in various combinations in a given sample or food. Most studies reported additive or synergistic effects, suggesting that these mixtures may pose a significant threat to public health, particularly to infants and young children. Therefore, information on the co-occurrence of mycotoxins and their interactive toxicity is summarized in this paper.
27976878	0	9	Worldwide	T082	C0332464
27976878	10	20	Occurrence	T079	C2745955
27976878	24	34	Mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27976878	38	45	Cereals	T168	C0007757
27976878	50	56	Cereal	T168	C0007757
27976878	59	66	Derived	T080	C1441547
27976878	67	80	Food Products	T168	C0681562
27976878	82	88	Public	T092	C0678367
27976878	89	95	Health	T078	C0018684
27976878	96	108	Perspectives	T078	C1254370
27976878	132	145	Cereal grains	T168	C0007757
27976878	156	165	processed	T067	C1522240
27976878	166	179	food products	T168	C0681562
27976878	195	207	contaminated	T169	C0205279
27976878	213	223	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27976878	237	241	five	T081	C0205451
27976878	242	247	major	T080	C0205164
27976878	248	258	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27976878	262	272	aflatoxins	T109,T131	C0001734
27976878	274	285	ochratoxins	T109,T131	C0028816
27976878	287	297	fumonisins	T109,T131	C0304082
27976878	299	313	deoxynivalenol	T109,T131	C0057445
27976878	319	330	zearalenone	T109,T131	C0043454
27976878	350	356	public	T092	C0678367
27976878	357	363	health	T078	C0018684
27976878	364	371	concern	T078	C2699424
27976878	384	389	cause	T169	C0015127
27976878	390	405	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
27976878	409	415	humans	T016	C0086418
27976878	423	431	airborne	T169	C3242389
27976878	435	444	soilborne	T169	C0205245
27976878	463	469	nature	T080	C0449783
27976878	473	492	mycotoxigenic fungi	T004	C0016832
27976878	511	520	worldwide	T082	C0332464
27976878	521	531	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27976878	535	545	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27976878	554	559	basis	T169	C1527178
27976878	567	573	global	T080	C2348867
27976878	574	584	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27976878	585	589	data	T078	C1511726
27976878	590	598	reported	T058	C0700287
27976878	629	639	incidences	T081	C0021149
27976878	644	651	maximum	T081	C0806909
27976878	652	658	levels	T080	C0441889
27976878	662	665	raw	T080	C1709843
27976878	666	679	cereal grains	T168	C0007757
27976878	708	718	aflatoxins	T109,T131	C0001734
27976878	743	755	ochratoxin A	T109,T121	C0069299
27976878	782	792	fumonisins	T109,T131	C0304082
27976878	820	834	deoxynivalenol	T109,T131	C0057445
27976878	863	874	zearalenone	T109,T131	C0043454
27976878	880	894	concentrations	T081	C1446561
27976878	898	908	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27976878	920	925	lower	T080	C0205251
27976878	929	938	processed	T067	C1522240
27976878	939	952	food products	T168	C0681562
27976878	958	968	incidences	T081	C0021149
27976878	1004	1014	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27976878	1025	1031	due to	T169	C0678226
27976878	1036	1043	varying	T169	C0392747
27976878	1044	1053	stability	T080	C0205360
27976878	1054	1060	during	T079	C0347984
27976878	1061	1071	processing	T057	C0016487
27976878	1076	1088	distribution	T169	C1704711
27976878	1092	1102	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27976878	1142	1151	mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
27976878	1153	1161	produced	T169	C0678227
27976878	1167	1173	single	T081	C0205171
27976878	1177	1184	several	T081	C0443302
27976878	1185	1191	fungal	T004	C0016832
27976878	1192	1199	species	T185	C1705920
27976878	1214	1221	various	T081	C0439064
27976878	1222	1234	combinations	T080	C0205195
27976878	1246	1252	sample	T167	C0444315
27976878	1256	1260	food	T168	C0016452
27976878	1267	1274	studies	T062	C2603343
27976878	1275	1283	reported	T058	C0700287
27976878	1284	1292	additive	T080	C0442796
27976878	1296	1307	synergistic	T080	C2986495
27976878	1308	1315	effects	T080	C1280500
27976878	1317	1327	suggesting	T078	C1705535
27976878	1339	1347	mixtures	T167	C0439962
27976878	1359	1370	significant	T078	C0750502
27976878	1371	1377	threat	T078	C0749385
27976878	1381	1387	public	T092	C0678367
27976878	1388	1394	health	T078	C0018684
27976878	1412	1419	infants	T100	C0021270
27976878	1424	1438	young children	T100	C0728836
27976878	1451	1462	information	T078	C1533716
27976878	1487	1497	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
27976878	1508	1519	interactive	T169	C1704675
27976878	1520	1528	toxicity	T037	C0600688
27976878	1532	1542	summarized	T170	C0242482

27977319|t|The relationship between thiamine and two symbioses: Root nodule symbiosis and arbuscular mycorrhiza
27977319|a|Lotus japonicus THIC is expressed in all organs, and the encoded protein catalyzes thiamine biosynthesis. Loss of function produces chlorosis, a typical thiamine -deficiency phenotype, and mortality. To investigate thiamine's role in symbiosis, we focused on THI1, a thiamine-biosynthesis gene expressed in roots, nodules, and seeds. The thi1 mutant had green leaves, but formed small nodules and immature seeds. These phenotypes were rescued by THI1 complementation and by exogenous thiamine. Thus, THI1 is required for nodule enlargement and seed maturation. On the other hand, colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungus Rhizophagus irregularis was not affected in the thi1 mutant or by exogenous thiamine. However, spores of R. irregularis stored more thiamine than the source (host plants), despite lacking thiamine biosynthesis genes. Therefore, disturbance of the thiamine supply would affect progeny phenotypes such as spore formation and hyphal growth. Further investigation will be required to elucidate thiamine's effect on AM.
27977319	25	33	thiamine	T109,T127	C0039840
27977319	42	51	symbioses	T070	C0039029
27977319	53	64	Root nodule	T002	C1720942
27977319	65	74	symbiosis	T070	C0039029
27977319	79	100	arbuscular mycorrhiza	T004	C1138420
27977319	101	116	Lotus japonicus	T002	C1940771
27977319	117	121	THIC	T028	C0017337
27977319	125	134	expressed	T045	C0017262
27977319	142	148	organs	T002	C0032098
27977319	158	173	encoded protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27977319	174	183	catalyzes	T070	C0007382
27977319	184	205	thiamine biosynthesis	T044	C1157735
27977319	207	223	Loss of function	T033	C0243095
27977319	233	242	chlorosis	T047	C0008272
27977319	254	262	thiamine	T109,T127	C0039840
27977319	275	284	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27977319	290	299	mortality	T081	C0205848
27977319	316	326	thiamine's	T109,T127	C0039840
27977319	335	344	symbiosis	T070	C0039029
27977319	360	364	THI1	T028	C0017337
27977319	368	394	thiamine-biosynthesis gene	T028	C0017337
27977319	395	404	expressed	T045	C0017262
27977319	408	413	roots	T002	C0242726
27977319	415	422	nodules	T002	C1720942
27977319	428	433	seeds	T002	C0036563
27977319	439	450	thi1 mutant	T028	C0678941
27977319	455	467	green leaves	T002	C0242724
27977319	480	485	small	T081	C0700321
27977319	486	493	nodules	T002	C1720942
27977319	498	506	immature	T080	C0205252
27977319	507	512	seeds	T002	C0036563
27977319	520	530	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27977319	547	551	THI1	T028	C0017337
27977319	552	567	complementation	T045	C0178654
27977319	575	584	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27977319	585	593	thiamine	T109,T127	C0039840
27977319	601	605	THI1	T028	C0017337
27977319	622	628	nodule	T002	C1720942
27977319	629	640	enlargement	T169	C0542341
27977319	645	660	seed maturation	T039	C2265562
27977319	681	693	colonization	T033	C4289767
27977319	697	718	arbuscular mycorrhiza	T004	C1138420
27977319	720	722	AM	T004	C1138420
27977319	724	730	fungus	T004	C0016832
27977319	731	754	Rhizophagus irregularis	T004	C2664655
27977319	779	790	thi1 mutant	T028	C0678941
27977319	797	806	exogenous	T169	C0205228
27977319	807	815	thiamine	T109,T127	C0039840
27977319	826	832	spores	T004	C0038029
27977319	836	850	R. irregularis	T004	C2664655
27977319	863	871	thiamine	T109,T127	C0039840
27977319	889	900	host plants	UnknownType	C0868970
27977319	919	946	thiamine biosynthesis genes	T028	C0017337
27977319	978	986	thiamine	T109,T127	C0039840
27977319	1007	1014	progeny	T099	C0680063
27977319	1015	1025	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27977319	1034	1049	spore formation	T043	C1159442
27977319	1054	1067	hyphal growth	T043	C1156247
27977319	1121	1131	thiamine's	T109,T127	C0039840
27977319	1142	1144	AM	T004	C1138420

27977439|t|Bilateral sternal infusion of ropivacaine and length of stay in ICU after cardiac surgery with increased respiratory risk: A randomised controlled trial
27977439|a|The continuous bilateral infusion of a local anaesthetic solution around the sternotomy wound (bilateral sternal) is an innovative technique for reducing pain after sternotomy. To assess the effects of the technique on the need for intensive care in cardiac patients at increased risk of respiratory complications. Randomised, observer-blind controlled trial. Single centre, French University Hospital. In total, 120 adults scheduled for open-heart surgery, with one of the following conditions: age more than 75 years, BMI >30 kg m, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, active smoking habit. Either a bilateral sternal infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine (3 ml h through each catheter; 'intervention' group), or standardised care only ('control' group). Analgesia was provided with paracetamol and self-administered intravenous morphine. The length of time to readiness for discharge from ICU, blindly assessed by a committee of experts. No effect was found between groups for the primary outcome (P = 0.680, intention to treat); the median values were 42.4 and 37.7 h, respectively for the control and intervention groups (P = 0.873). Similar nonsignificant trends were noted for other postoperative delays. Significant effects favouring the intervention were noted for dynamic pain, patient satisfaction, occurrence of nausea and vomiting, occurrence of delirium or mental confusion and occurrence of pulmonary complications. In 12 patients, although no symptoms actually occurred, the total ropivacaine plasma level exceeded the lowest value for which neurological symptoms have been observed in healthy volunteers. Because of a small size effect, and despite significant analgesic effects, this strategy failed to reduce the time spent in ICU. EudraCT (N°: 2012-005225-69); ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01828788).
27977439	0	9	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
27977439	10	17	sternal	T023	C0038293
27977439	18	26	infusion	T061	C0574032
27977439	30	41	ropivacaine	T109,T121	C0073571
27977439	46	60	length of stay	T079	C0023303
27977439	64	67	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27977439	74	89	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
27977439	95	104	increased	T081	C0205217
27977439	105	121	respiratory risk	UnknownType	C0548981
27977439	125	152	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27977439	168	177	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27977439	178	186	infusion	T061	C0574032
27977439	192	209	local anaesthetic	T109,T121	C0002934
27977439	210	218	solution	T122	C0525069
27977439	230	240	sternotomy	T061	C0185792
27977439	241	246	wound	T037	C0043250
27977439	248	257	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27977439	258	265	sternal	T023	C0038293
27977439	284	293	technique	T169	C0449851
27977439	298	306	reducing	T080	C0392756
27977439	307	311	pain	T184	C0030193
27977439	318	328	sternotomy	T061	C0185792
27977439	344	351	effects	T080	C1280500
27977439	359	368	technique	T169	C0449851
27977439	385	399	intensive care	T058	C0085559
27977439	403	419	cardiac patients	T101	C0741926
27977439	423	432	increased	T081	C0205217
27977439	433	437	risk	T078	C0035647
27977439	441	466	respiratory complications	T046	C0161818
27977439	468	511	Randomised, observer-blind controlled trial	T062	C0206035
27977439	528	554	French University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
27977439	570	576	adults	T100	C0001675
27977439	591	609	open-heart surgery	T061	C0189745
27977439	649	652	age	T032	C0001779
27977439	666	671	years	T079	C0439234
27977439	673	676	BMI	T201	C1305855
27977439	687	724	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
27977439	726	746	active smoking habit	T169	C1266863
27977439	757	766	bilateral	T082	C0238767
27977439	767	774	sternal	T023	C0038293
27977439	775	783	infusion	T061	C0574032
27977439	792	803	ropivacaine	T109,T121	C0073571
27977439	825	833	catheter	T074	C0085590
27977439	835	855	'intervention' group	T098	C2986530
27977439	861	878	standardised care	T052	C1947933
27977439	885	900	'control' group	T096	C0009932
27977439	903	912	Analgesia	T061	C3202977
27977439	931	942	paracetamol	T109,T121	C0000970
27977439	947	964	self-administered	T169	C1519231
27977439	965	976	intravenous	T169	C1522726
27977439	977	985	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
27977439	991	1005	length of time	T079	C1254367
27977439	1009	1018	readiness	T033	C1318963
27977439	1023	1032	discharge	T058	C0030685
27977439	1038	1041	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27977439	1051	1059	assessed	T052	C1516048
27977439	1065	1074	committee	T096	C2699414
27977439	1078	1085	experts	T097	C0009817
27977439	1087	1096	No effect	T080	C1301751
27977439	1115	1121	groups	T078	C0441833
27977439	1130	1145	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
27977439	1158	1176	intention to treat	T062	C2718028
27977439	1183	1196	median values	T080	C0042295
27977439	1240	1247	control	T096	C0009932
27977439	1252	1271	intervention groups	T098	C2986530
27977439	1336	1349	postoperative	T033	C0241311
27977439	1350	1356	delays	T079	C0205421
27977439	1370	1377	effects	T080	C1280500
27977439	1392	1404	intervention	T061	C0184661
27977439	1420	1432	dynamic pain	T184	C0030193
27977439	1434	1454	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
27977439	1456	1476	occurrence of nausea	T184	C2219665
27977439	1481	1489	vomiting	T184	C0042963
27977439	1491	1501	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27977439	1505	1513	delirium	T048	C0011206
27977439	1517	1533	mental confusion	T048	C0009676
27977439	1538	1548	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27977439	1552	1575	pulmonary complications	T046	C0281169
27977439	1583	1591	patients	T101	C0030705
27977439	1605	1613	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27977439	1704	1725	neurological symptoms	T184	C0235031
27977439	1748	1766	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
27977439	1781	1798	small size effect	T081	C0814843
27977439	1824	1841	analgesic effects	T033	C0948482
27977439	1878	1882	time	T079	C0040223
27977439	1892	1895	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
27977439	1897	1904	EudraCT	T077	C4289562
27977439	1927	1945	ClinicalTrials.gov	T170	C4086204

27977490|t|Mandibular Contouring During Orthognathic Surgery Using the Modified Hunsuck Technique
27977490|a|Square face or prominent mandibular angle is a major concern in Asian women. In class III patients, mandibular setback may lead to a wider lower face that is not preferred in Asian culture. In order to achieve better aesthetic outcomes, simultaneous mandibular contouring to reduce the width of the lower face is required for some patients. This article details the authors ' procedures modified from Hunsuck techniques of sagittal split osteotomy. This modified Hunsuck technique provides an alternative option to obtain a desirable mandibular outline. The long-term stability is also comparable to traditional methods.
27977490	0	10	Mandibular	T023	C0024687
27977490	11	21	Contouring	T061	C1288294
27977490	29	49	Orthognathic Surgery	T061	C0185624
27977490	60	86	Modified Hunsuck Technique	T061	C0407816
27977490	87	98	Square face	T033	C1832127
27977490	102	111	prominent	T080	C0205402
27977490	112	128	mandibular angle	T030	C0222753
27977490	134	139	major	T080	C0205164
27977490	140	147	concern	T078	C2699424
27977490	151	156	Asian	T098	C0078988
27977490	157	162	women	T098	C0043210
27977490	167	176	class III	T170	C0441887
27977490	177	185	patients	T101	C0030705
27977490	187	205	mandibular setback	T023	C0024687
27977490	226	231	lower	T029	C1548802
27977490	232	236	face	T029	C0015450
27977490	262	267	Asian	T098	C0078988
27977490	268	275	culture	T169	C0220814
27977490	304	322	aesthetic outcomes	T055	C0870111
27977490	324	336	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
27977490	337	347	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27977490	348	358	contouring	T061	C1288294
27977490	362	368	reduce	T080	C0392756
27977490	373	378	width	T081	C0487742
27977490	386	391	lower	T029	C1548802
27977490	392	396	face	T029	C0015450
27977490	418	426	patients	T101	C0030705
27977490	453	460	authors	T097	C3812881
27977490	463	473	procedures	T169	C2700391
27977490	474	482	modified	T080	C0205349
27977490	488	534	Hunsuck techniques of sagittal split osteotomy	T061	C0407816
27977490	541	567	modified Hunsuck technique	T061	C0407816
27977490	580	591	alternative	T077	C1523987
27977490	592	598	option	T169	C1518601
27977490	621	631	mandibular	T023	C0024687
27977490	632	639	outline	T077	C1254372
27977490	645	654	long-term	T079	C0443252
27977490	655	664	stability	T080	C0205360
27977490	687	698	traditional	T169	C0443324
27977490	699	706	methods	T169	C0025664

27977609|t|Serum apolipoprotein E concentration and polymorphism influence serum lipid levels in Chinese Shandong Han population
27977609|a|Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which has been shown to influence serum lipid parameters, can bind to multiple types of lipids and plays an important role in the metabolism and homeostasis of lipids and lipoproteins. A previous study showed that ApoE concentration significantly affects serum lipid levels independently of ApoE polymorphism. The serum lipid levels were also closely correlated with dietary habits, and Shandong cuisine is famous for its high salt and oil contents, which widely differ among the different areas in China. Therefore, studying the effect of ApoE polymorphism on ApoE concentration and serum lipid levels in Shandong province is very important .A total of 815 subjects including 285 men and 530 women were randomly selected and studied from Jinan, Shandong province. In order to evaluate the association of ApoE polymorphism and serum level on lipid profiles, the ApoE genotypes, as well as levels of fasting serum ApoE and other lipid parameters, were detected in all subjects .The frequency of the ApoE E3 allele was highest (83.1%), while those of E2 and E4 were 9.4% and 7.5%, respectively, which are similar to those in other Asian populations. ApoE2 allele carriers showed significantly increased ApoE levels but lower levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB).We found that ApoE level is influence d by ApoE polymorphism in a gene - dependent manner. The ApoE polymorphism showed different influences on serum lipid parameters with increasing age and body mass index (BMI) in our Shandong Han population.
27977609	0	22	Serum apolipoprotein E	T059	C2021339
27977609	23	36	concentration	T081	C1264643
27977609	41	53	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27977609	54	63	influence	T077	C4054723
27977609	64	82	serum lipid levels	T059	C0428462
27977609	86	117	Chinese Shandong Han population	UnknownType	C0814942
27977609	118	134	Apolipoprotein E	T116,T123	C0003595
27977609	136	140	ApoE	T116,T123	C0003595
27977609	167	176	influence	T077	C4054723
27977609	177	199	serum lipid parameters	T059	C0428462
27977609	213	221	multiple	T081	C0439064
27977609	222	227	types	T080	C0332307
27977609	231	237	lipids	T109	C0023779
27977609	251	260	important	T080	C3898777
27977609	273	283	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27977609	288	299	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
27977609	303	309	lipids	T109	C0023779
27977609	314	326	lipoproteins	T116,T123	C0023820
27977609	357	361	ApoE	T116,T123	C0003595
27977609	362	375	concentration	T081	C1264643
27977609	398	416	serum lipid levels	T059	C0428462
27977609	434	438	ApoE	T028	C1412481
27977609	439	451	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27977609	457	475	serum lipid levels	T059	C0428462
27977609	494	504	correlated	T080	C1707520
27977609	510	524	dietary habits	T055	C0086152
27977609	530	546	Shandong cuisine	T168	C0016452
27977609	565	574	high salt	T168	C0453862
27977609	579	582	oil	T168	C1517288
27977609	583	591	contents	T081	C1264655
27977609	623	632	different	T080	C1705242
27977609	633	638	areas	T082	C0205146
27977609	642	647	China	T083	C0008115
27977609	673	679	effect	T080	C1280500
27977609	683	687	ApoE	T028	C1412481
27977609	688	700	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27977609	704	708	ApoE	T116,T123	C0003595
27977609	709	722	concentration	T081	C1264643
27977609	727	745	serum lipid levels	T059	C0428462
27977609	749	766	Shandong province	T083	C1514578
27977609	775	784	important	T080	C3898777
27977609	801	809	subjects	T096	C0681850
27977609	824	827	men	T098	C0025266
27977609	836	841	women	T098	C0043210
27977609	856	864	selected	T052	C1707391
27977609	882	887	Jinan	UnknownType	C0681784
27977609	889	906	Shandong province	T083	C1514578
27977609	933	944	association	T080	C0439849
27977609	948	952	ApoE	T028	C1412481
27977609	953	965	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27977609	970	975	serum	T031	C0229671
27977609	976	981	level	T080	C0441889
27977609	985	999	lipid profiles	T059	C0200382
27977609	1005	1009	ApoE	T116,T123	C0003595
27977609	1010	1019	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27977609	1032	1038	levels	T080	C0441889
27977609	1042	1049	fasting	T033	C0015663
27977609	1050	1060	serum ApoE	T059	C2021339
27977609	1071	1087	lipid parameters	T059	C0200382
27977609	1094	1102	detected	T033	C0442726
27977609	1110	1118	subjects	T096	C0681850
27977609	1124	1133	frequency	T081	C0017270
27977609	1141	1155	ApoE E3 allele	T028	C1370078
27977609	1192	1194	E2	T028	C1370077
27977609	1199	1201	E4	T028	C1370079
27977609	1272	1289	Asian populations	T098	C0078988
27977609	1291	1303	ApoE2 allele	T028	C1370077
27977609	1304	1312	carriers	T033	C0007294
27977609	1320	1343	significantly increased	T081	C4055637
27977609	1344	1355	ApoE levels	T059	C1271637
27977609	1360	1365	lower	T052	C2003888
27977609	1366	1399	levels of serum total cholesterol	T059	C1445957
27977609	1401	1403	TC	T109	C0543421
27977609	1406	1441	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T059	C0202117
27977609	1443	1448	LDL-C	T059	C0202117
27977609	1455	1471	Apolipoprotein B	T116,T123	C0003593
27977609	1473	1477	ApoB	T116,T123	C0003593
27977609	1493	1497	ApoE	T116,T123	C0003595
27977609	1498	1503	level	T080	C0441889
27977609	1507	1516	influence	T077	C4054723
27977609	1522	1526	ApoE	T028	C1412481
27977609	1527	1539	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27977609	1545	1549	gene	T028	C0017337
27977609	1552	1561	dependent	T080	C1701901
27977609	1574	1578	ApoE	T028	C1412481
27977609	1579	1591	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27977609	1599	1608	different	T080	C1705242
27977609	1609	1619	influences	T077	C4054723
27977609	1623	1645	serum lipid parameters	T059	C0428462
27977609	1651	1661	increasing	T169	C0442808
27977609	1662	1665	age	T032	C0001779
27977609	1670	1685	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27977609	1687	1690	BMI	T201	C1305855
27977609	1699	1722	Shandong Han population	UnknownType	C0814942

27977731|t|Systems Based Study of the Therapeutic Potential of Small Charged Molecules for the Inhibition of IL-1 Mediated Cartilage Degradation
27977731|a|Inflammatory cytokines are key drivers of cartilage degradation in post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Cartilage degradation mediated by these inflammatory cytokines has been extensively investigated using in vitro experimental systems. Based on one such study, we have developed a computational model to quantitatively assess the impact of charged small molecules intended to inhibit IL-1 mediated cartilage degradation. We primarily focus on the simplest possible computational model of small molecular interaction with the IL-1 system-direct binding of the small molecule to the active site on the IL-1 molecule itself. We first use the model to explore the uptake and release kinetics of the small molecule inhibitor by cartilage tissue. Our results show that negatively charged small molecules are excluded from the negatively charged cartilage tissue and have uptake kinetics in the order of hours. In contrast, the positively charged small molecules are drawn into the cartilage with uptake and release timescales ranging from hours to days. Using our calibrated computational model, we subsequently explore the effect of small molecule charge and binding constant on the rate of cartilage degradation. The results from this analysis indicate that the small molecules are most effective in inhibiting cartilage degradation if they are either positively charged and/or bind strongly to IL-1α, or both. Furthermore, our results showed that the cartilage structural homeostasis can be restored by the small molecule if administered within six days following initial tissue exposure to IL-1α. We finally extended the scope of the computational model by simulating the competitive inhibition of cartilage degradation by the small molecule. Results from this model show that small molecules are more efficient in inhibiting cartilage degradation by binding directly to IL-1α rather than binding to IL-1α receptors. The results from this study can be used as a template for the design and development of more pharmacologically effective osteoarthritis drugs, and to investigate possible therapeutic options.
27977731	0	19	Systems Based Study	T059	C4297010
27977731	27	38	Therapeutic	T169	C0302350
27977731	39	48	Potential	T080	C3245505
27977731	52	75	Small Charged Molecules	T196	C0022023
27977731	84	94	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
27977731	98	102	IL-1	T116,T129	C0021755
27977731	112	133	Cartilage Degradation	T037	C0549421
27977731	134	146	Inflammatory	T046	C0021368
27977731	147	156	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27977731	176	197	cartilage degradation	T037	C0549421
27977731	201	230	post-traumatic osteoarthritis	T046	C2894027
27977731	232	253	Cartilage degradation	T037	C0549421
27977731	272	284	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
27977731	285	294	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27977731	335	343	in vitro	T062	C0681828
27977731	411	430	computational model	T075	C0026336
27977731	434	455	quantitatively assess	T081	C0392762
27977731	470	493	charged small molecules	T196	C0022023
27977731	514	518	IL-1	T116,T129	C0021755
27977731	528	549	cartilage degradation	T037	C0549421
27977731	595	614	computational model	T075	C0026336
27977731	618	645	small molecular interaction	T044	C1167622
27977731	655	659	IL-1	T116,T129	C0021755
27977731	674	681	binding	T044	C1167622
27977731	689	703	small molecule	T109	C1328819
27977731	711	722	active site	T169	C0205681
27977731	730	750	IL-1 molecule itself	T116,T129	C0021755
27977731	825	839	small molecule	T109	C1328819
27977731	840	849	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
27977731	853	869	cartilage tissue	T024	C0007301
27977731	893	927	negatively charged small molecules	T196	C0022023
27977731	950	968	negatively charged	T196	C0003075
27977731	969	985	cartilage tissue	T024	C0007301
27977731	1051	1085	positively charged small molecules	T104	C0007447
27977731	1105	1114	cartilage	T024	C0007301
27977731	1120	1138	uptake and release	T169	C0205245
27977731	1199	1218	computational model	T075	C0026336
27977731	1258	1279	small molecule charge	T196	C0022023
27977731	1284	1291	binding	T044	C1167622
27977731	1316	1337	cartilage degradation	T037	C0549421
27977731	1388	1403	small molecules	T109	C1328819
27977731	1426	1436	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27977731	1437	1458	cartilage degradation	T037	C0549421
27977731	1478	1496	positively charged	T104	C0007447
27977731	1504	1517	bind strongly	T044	C1167622
27977731	1521	1526	IL-1α	T116,T123	C0600251
27977731	1578	1610	cartilage structural homeostasis	T040	C3824200
27977731	1634	1648	small molecule	T196	C0022023
27977731	1652	1664	administered	T169	C1521801
27977731	1699	1705	tissue	T024	C0040300
27977731	1706	1717	exposure to	T080	C0332157
27977731	1718	1723	IL-1α	T116,T123	C0600251
27977731	1762	1781	computational model	T075	C0026336
27977731	1800	1822	competitive inhibition	T044	C0301626
27977731	1826	1847	cartilage degradation	T037	C0549421
27977731	1855	1869	small molecule	T109	C1328819
27977731	1905	1920	small molecules	T109	C1328819
27977731	1943	1953	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
27977731	1954	1975	cartilage degradation	T037	C0549421
27977731	1979	1995	binding directly	T044	C1167622
27977731	1999	2004	IL-1α	T116,T123	C0600251
27977731	2017	2024	binding	T044	C1167622
27977731	2028	2043	IL-1α receptors	T116,T129,T192	C0063710
27977731	2138	2155	pharmacologically	T038	C0007992
27977731	2166	2180	osteoarthritis	T047	C0029408
27977731	2181	2186	drugs	T121	C0013227
27977731	2195	2206	investigate	T169	C1292732
27977731	2216	2235	therapeutic options	T061	C0087111

27977762|t|Pupil Sizes Scale with Attentional Load and Task Experience in a Multiple Object Tracking Task
27977762|a|Previous studies have related changes in attentional load to pupil size modulations. However, studies relating changes in attentional load and task experience on a finer scale to pupil size modulations are scarce. Here, we investigated how these changes affect pupil sizes. To manipulate attentional load, participants covertly tracked between zero and five objects among several randomly moving objects on a computer screen. To investigate effects of task experience, the experiment was conducted on three consecutive days. We found that pupil sizes increased with each increment in attentional load. Across days, we found systematic pupil size reductions. We compared the model fit for predicting pupil size modulations using attentional load, task experience, and task performance as predictors. We found that a model which included attentional load and task experience as predictors had the best model fit while adding performance as a predictor to this model reduced the overall model fit. Overall, results suggest that pupillometry provides a viable metric for precisely assessing attentional load and task experience in visuospatial tasks.
27977762	0	11	Pupil Sizes	T201	C0517965
27977762	12	17	Scale	T170	C0349674
27977762	23	39	Attentional Load	T170	C0589051
27977762	44	48	Task	T057	C3540678
27977762	49	59	Experience	T041	C0596545
27977762	65	73	Multiple	T081	C0439064
27977762	74	80	Object	T072	C0347997
27977762	81	89	Tracking	T082	C0546881
27977762	90	94	Task	T057	C3540678
27977762	125	132	changes	T169	C0392747
27977762	136	152	attentional load	T170	C0589051
27977762	156	166	pupil size	T201	C0517965
27977762	167	178	modulations	T082	C0443264
27977762	206	213	changes	T169	C0392747
27977762	217	233	attentional load	T170	C0589051
27977762	238	242	task	T057	C3540678
27977762	243	253	experience	T041	C0596545
27977762	265	270	scale	T170	C0349674
27977762	274	284	pupil size	T201	C0517965
27977762	285	296	modulations	T082	C0443264
27977762	318	330	investigated	T169	C1292732
27977762	341	348	changes	T169	C0392747
27977762	349	355	affect	T041	C0001721
27977762	356	367	pupil sizes	T201	C0517965
27977762	372	382	manipulate	T053	C0018578
27977762	383	399	attentional load	T170	C0589051
27977762	401	413	participants	T098	C0679646
27977762	423	430	tracked	T082	C0546881
27977762	439	443	zero	T081	C0919414
27977762	448	452	five	T081	C0205451
27977762	453	460	objects	T072	C0347997
27977762	475	483	randomly	T080	C0439605
27977762	491	498	objects	T072	C0347997
27977762	504	512	computer	T073	C0009622
27977762	513	519	screen	T073	C1705053
27977762	524	535	investigate	T169	C1292732
27977762	536	546	effects of	T080	C1704420
27977762	547	551	task	T057	C3540678
27977762	552	562	experience	T041	C0596545
27977762	596	601	three	T081	C0205449
27977762	602	613	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27977762	614	618	days	T079	C0439228
27977762	634	645	pupil sizes	T201	C0517965
27977762	666	675	increment	T081	C1705117
27977762	679	695	attentional load	T170	C0589051
27977762	704	708	days	T079	C0439228
27977762	719	729	systematic	T169	C0220922
27977762	730	740	pupil size	T201	C0517965
27977762	741	751	reductions	T080	C0392756
27977762	769	778	model fit	T080	C0870608
27977762	794	804	pupil size	T201	C0517965
27977762	805	816	modulations	T082	C0443264
27977762	823	839	attentional load	T170	C0589051
27977762	841	845	task	T057	C3540678
27977762	846	856	experience	T041	C0596545
27977762	862	878	task performance	T061	C0039333
27977762	882	892	predictors	T078	C2698872
27977762	910	915	model	T170	C3161035
27977762	931	947	attentional load	T170	C0589051
27977762	952	956	task	T057	C3540678
27977762	957	967	experience	T041	C0596545
27977762	971	981	predictors	T078	C2698872
27977762	995	1004	model fit	T080	C0870608
27977762	1018	1029	performance	T061	C0039333
27977762	1035	1044	predictor	T078	C2698872
27977762	1053	1058	model	T170	C3161035
27977762	1079	1088	model fit	T080	C0870608
27977762	1099	1106	results	T169	C1274040
27977762	1120	1132	pupillometry	T060	C0260180
27977762	1144	1150	viable	T080	C0443348
27977762	1151	1157	metric	T081	C0025867
27977762	1182	1198	attentional load	T170	C0589051
27977762	1203	1207	task	T057	C3540678
27977762	1208	1218	experience	T041	C0596545
27977762	1222	1234	visuospatial	T041	C0814069
27977762	1235	1240	tasks	T057	C3540678

27978525|t|Down-Regulation of the Na+,Cl- Coupled Creatine Transporter CreaT (SLC6A8) by Glycogen Synthase Kinase GSK3ß
27978525|a|The Na+,Cl- coupled creatine transporter CreaT (SLC6A8) is expressed in a variety of tissues including the brain. Genetic defects of CreaT lead to mental retardation with seizures. The present study explored the regulation of CreaT by the ubiquitously expressed glycogen synthase kinase GSK3ß, which contributes to the regulation of neuroexcitation. GSK3ß is phosphorylated and thus inhibited by PKB/Akt. Moreover, GSK3ß is inhibited by the antidepressant lithium. The present study thus further tested for the effects of PKB/Akt and of lithium. CreaT was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes with or without wild-type GSK3ß or inactive K85RGSK3ß. CreaT and GSK3ß were further expressed without and with additional expression of wild type PKB/Akt. Creatine transport in those oocytes was quantified utilizing dual electrode voltage clamp. Electrogenic creatine transport was observed in CreaT expressing oocytes but not in water - injected oocytes. In CreaT expressing oocytes, co-expression of GSK3ß but not of K85RGSK3ß, resulted in a significant decrease of creatine induced current. Kinetic analysis revealed that GSK3ß significantly decreased the maximal creatine transport rate. Exposure of CreaT and GSK3ß expressing oocytes for 24 hours to Lithium was followed by a significant increase of the creatine induced current. The effect of GSK3ß on CreaT was abolished by co-expression of PKB/Akt. GSK3ß down-regulates the creatine transporter CreaT, an effect reversed by treatment with the antidepressant Lithium and by co-expression of PKB/Akt.
27978525	0	15	Down-Regulation	T044	C0013081
27978525	23	30	Na+,Cl-	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
27978525	31	38	Coupled	T169	C1948027
27978525	39	59	Creatine Transporter	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	60	65	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	67	73	SLC6A8	T116,T123	C0527593
27978525	78	102	Glycogen Synthase Kinase	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	103	108	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	113	120	Na+,Cl-	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
27978525	121	128	coupled	T169	C1948027
27978525	129	149	creatine transporter	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	150	155	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	157	163	SLC6A8	T116,T123	C0527593
27978525	168	177	expressed	T045	C1171362
27978525	194	201	tissues	T024	C0040300
27978525	216	221	brain	T023	C0006104
27978525	223	230	Genetic	T169	C0314603
27978525	231	238	defects	T169	C1457869
27978525	242	247	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	248	252	lead	T169	C1522538
27978525	256	274	mental retardation	T048	C0025362
27978525	280	288	seizures	T184	C0036572
27978525	302	307	study	T062	C2603343
27978525	321	331	regulation	T038	C1327622
27978525	335	340	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	361	370	expressed	T045	C1171362
27978525	371	395	glycogen synthase kinase	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	396	401	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	428	438	regulation	T038	C1327622
27978525	442	457	neuroexcitation	T039	C0234073
27978525	459	464	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	468	482	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
27978525	492	501	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27978525	505	512	PKB/Akt	T116,T126	C0285558
27978525	524	529	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	533	542	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27978525	550	564	antidepressant	T121	C0003289
27978525	565	572	lithium	T121,T196	C0023870
27978525	586	591	study	T062	C2603343
27978525	605	611	tested	T169	C0039593
27978525	631	638	PKB/Akt	T116,T126	C0285558
27978525	646	653	lithium	T121,T196	C0023870
27978525	655	660	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	665	674	expressed	T045	C1171362
27978525	678	692	Xenopus laevis	T011	C0043343
27978525	693	700	oocytes	T025	C0029045
27978525	717	726	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27978525	727	732	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	736	754	inactive K85RGSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	756	761	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	766	771	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	785	794	expressed	T045	C1171362
27978525	823	833	expression	T045	C1171362
27978525	837	846	wild type	T028	C1883559
27978525	847	854	PKB/Akt	T116,T126	C0285558
27978525	856	874	Creatine transport	T043	C1159797
27978525	884	891	oocytes	T025	C0029045
27978525	896	906	quantified	T081	C1709793
27978525	917	945	dual electrode voltage clamp	T062	C0872303
27978525	947	978	Electrogenic creatine transport	T043	C1159797
27978525	983	991	observed	T169	C1441672
27978525	995	1000	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	1001	1011	expressing	T045	C1171362
27978525	1012	1019	oocytes	T025	C0029045
27978525	1031	1036	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27978525	1039	1047	injected	T061	C0413385
27978525	1048	1055	oocytes	T025	C0029045
27978525	1060	1065	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	1066	1076	expressing	T045	C1171362
27978525	1077	1084	oocytes	T025	C0029045
27978525	1086	1099	co-expression	T045	C1171362
27978525	1103	1108	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	1120	1129	K85RGSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	1131	1139	resulted	T169	C1274040
27978525	1157	1165	decrease	T081	C0547047
27978525	1169	1177	creatine	T116,T123	C0010286
27978525	1178	1185	induced	T169	C0205263
27978525	1186	1193	current	T043	C0162585
27978525	1195	1202	Kinetic	T070	C0022702
27978525	1203	1211	analysis	T062	C0936012
27978525	1212	1220	revealed	T080	C0443289
27978525	1226	1231	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	1246	1255	decreased	T081	C0205216
27978525	1268	1276	creatine	T116,T123	C0010286
27978525	1277	1286	transport	T043	C0005528
27978525	1287	1291	rate	T081	C1521828
27978525	1293	1301	Exposure	T080	C0332157
27978525	1305	1310	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	1315	1320	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	1321	1331	expressing	T045	C1171362
27978525	1332	1339	oocytes	T025	C0029045
27978525	1347	1352	hours	T079	C0439227
27978525	1356	1363	Lithium	T121,T196	C0023870
27978525	1394	1402	increase	T169	C0442805
27978525	1410	1418	creatine	T116,T123	C0010286
27978525	1419	1426	induced	T169	C0205263
27978525	1427	1434	current	T043	C0162585
27978525	1440	1446	effect	T080	C1280500
27978525	1450	1455	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	1459	1464	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	1482	1495	co-expression	T045	C1171362
27978525	1499	1506	PKB/Akt	T116,T126	C0285558
27978525	1508	1513	GSK3ß	T116,T126	C0244988
27978525	1514	1528	down-regulates	T044	C0013081
27978525	1533	1553	creatine transporter	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	1554	1559	CreaT	T116,T123	C0215223
27978525	1564	1570	effect	T080	C1280500
27978525	1571	1579	reversed	T169	C1555029
27978525	1583	1592	treatment	T061	C0087111
27978525	1602	1616	antidepressant	T121	C0003289
27978525	1617	1624	Lithium	T121,T196	C0023870
27978525	1632	1645	co-expression	T045	C1171362
27978525	1649	1656	PKB/Akt	T116,T126	C0285558

27978784|t|Correlation between Decreased Parasympathetic Activity and Reduced Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Patients with Lacunar Infarct
27978784|a|Reduced cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) was found in patients with recent lacunar infarct. However, its mechanisms were controversial. The breath holding maneuver as a vasodilatory stimulus is clinically useful for an estimation of cerebrovasomotor reactivity in well co-operative patients. Patients with lacunar infarct have no higher cortical dysfunction and remain well co-operation. The breath holding maneuver is feasible and safe to perform in patients with lacunar infarct. Autonomic nervous system regulates systemic vascular activity. Regulation of autonomic function to cerebrovascular reactivity has been reported in the literature. We examined the correlation between autonomic functions with frequency and nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) and cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with lacunar infarct by application of breath holding maneuver. Fifteen patients with lacunar infarct (8 women, age 65.6 ± 13.61) and 16 healthy controls (11 women, age 27.33 ± 3.85) were continuously monitored at baseline before maneuver (basal phase), during CVR induction (experimental phase) with breath holding maneuver and after maneuver (recovery phase), for arterial blood pressure (ABP), electrocardiography (EKG), mean cerebral blood flow velocity (mCBFV) of middle cerebral arteries (MCA) by transcranial doppler (TCD). The short term-one minute HRV was analyzed from EKG signals for low frequency (LF)/ high frequency (HF) ratio, nonlinear of standard deviation 1 (SD1), standard deviation 2 (SD2), cardiac Sample Entropy (SampEn) and Shannon Entropy. Significant increasing in mCBFV, LF / HF ratio, SD2 / SD1, Shannon Entropy and inversely decreasing SampEn during breath holding maneuver compared with baseline were found in both groups (p<0.05). The trend of cerebrovascular reactivity is similar in both groups. However, there were differences of mCBFV, systolic blood pressure (SysBP) in the whole phases (basal, experiment and recovery) between patients and controls (p<0.05). Less scattered signals of SD1 with low value in patient group were illustrated from Poincaré (p<0.05). This indicated less degree of parasympathetic drive in the patients compared to the controls. Moreover, significant positive correlation between systolic bloods pressure and mCBFV in patients suggests impact of autonomic control and cerebral blood flow on the patho-physiological mechanism of vasodilatation, triggered by hypercapnia from breath holding maneuver in patients with lacunar infarct. Reduction of cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with lacunar infarct may relate with decreased parasympathetic activity. Further study is required to demonstrate whether these findings mean mechanisms of lacunar infarct or the effect of hypertensive response.
27978784	0	11	Correlation	T080	C1707520
27978784	20	54	Decreased Parasympathetic Activity	T039	C2267066
27978784	59	66	Reduced	T080	C0392756
27978784	67	93	Cerebrovascular Reactivity	T042	C0007227
27978784	97	105	Patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	111	126	Lacunar Infarct	T047	C0333559
27978784	127	134	Reduced	T080	C0392756
27978784	135	161	cerebrovascular reactivity	T042	C0007227
27978784	163	166	CVR	T042	C0007227
27978784	181	189	patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	195	201	recent	T079	C0332185
27978784	202	217	lacunar infarct	T047	C0333559
27978784	232	242	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27978784	248	261	controversial	T054	C0680243
27978784	267	281	breath holding	T033	C0235744
27978784	282	290	maneuver	T052	C3266814
27978784	296	317	vasodilatory stimulus	T040	C2249784
27978784	346	356	estimation	T041	C0680844
27978784	360	376	cerebrovasomotor	T022	C0042404
27978784	377	387	reactivity	T042	C0599594
27978784	396	408	co-operative	T033	C0564542
27978784	409	417	patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	419	427	Patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	433	448	lacunar infarct	T047	C0333559
27978784	454	463	no higher	T033	C0243095
27978784	464	484	cortical dysfunction	T047	C0235454
27978784	519	533	breath holding	T033	C0235744
27978784	534	542	maneuver	T052	C3266814
27978784	567	574	perform	T169	C0884358
27978784	578	586	patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	592	607	lacunar infarct	T047	C0333559
27978784	609	633	Autonomic nervous system	T022	C0004388
27978784	634	643	regulates	T038	C0678661
27978784	644	661	systemic vascular	T022	C0489903
27978784	662	670	activity	T169	C0542341
27978784	672	682	Regulation	T038	C0678661
27978784	686	704	autonomic function	T042	C0234593
27978784	708	734	cerebrovascular reactivity	T042	C0007227
27978784	788	799	correlation	T080	C1707520
27978784	808	827	autonomic functions	T042	C0234593
27978784	828	842	with frequency	T079	C0376249
27978784	847	879	nonlinear heart rate variability	T042	C0007227
27978784	881	884	HRV	T042	C0007227
27978784	890	905	cerebrovascular	T022	C0225992
27978784	906	916	reactivity	T169	C0443286
27978784	920	928	patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	934	949	lacunar infarct	T047	C0333559
27978784	968	982	breath holding	T033	C0235744
27978784	983	991	maneuver	T052	C3266814
27978784	1001	1009	patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	1015	1030	lacunar infarct	T047	C0333559
27978784	1034	1039	women	T098	C0043210
27978784	1066	1082	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
27978784	1087	1092	women	T098	C0043210
27978784	1117	1129	continuously	T078	C0549178
27978784	1130	1139	monitored	T060	C1964257
27978784	1143	1151	baseline	T081	C1442488
27978784	1159	1167	maneuver	T052	C3266814
27978784	1169	1174	basal	T081	C1442488
27978784	1175	1180	phase	T079	C0205390
27978784	1190	1193	CVR	T042	C0007227
27978784	1194	1203	induction	T169	C0205263
27978784	1205	1217	experimental	T080	C1517586
27978784	1218	1223	phase	T079	C0205390
27978784	1230	1244	breath holding	T033	C0235744
27978784	1245	1253	maneuver	T052	C3266814
27978784	1264	1272	maneuver	T052	C3266814
27978784	1274	1282	recovery	T052	C0237820
27978784	1283	1288	phase	T079	C0205390
27978784	1295	1318	arterial blood pressure	T033	C1272641
27978784	1320	1323	ABP	T033	C1272641
27978784	1326	1345	electrocardiography	T060	C1623258
27978784	1347	1350	EKG	T060	C1623258
27978784	1353	1386	mean cerebral blood flow velocity	T033	C4287833
27978784	1388	1393	mCBFV	T033	C4287833
27978784	1398	1422	middle cerebral arteries	T023	C0149566
27978784	1424	1427	MCA	T023	C0149566
27978784	1432	1452	transcranial doppler	T060	C0206077
27978784	1454	1457	TCD	T060	C0206077
27978784	1464	1489	short term-one minute HRV	T042	C0007227
27978784	1508	1511	EKG	T060	C1623258
27978784	1512	1519	signals	T067	C1710082
27978784	1524	1537	low frequency	T079	C0205213
27978784	1539	1541	LF	T079	C0205213
27978784	1544	1558	high frequency	T079	C0205212
27978784	1560	1562	HF	T079	C0205212
27978784	1564	1569	ratio	T081	C0456603
27978784	1571	1604	nonlinear of standard deviation 1	T081	C0871420
27978784	1606	1609	SD1	T081	C0871420
27978784	1612	1632	standard deviation 2	T081	C0871420
27978784	1634	1637	SD2	T081	C0871420
27978784	1640	1662	cardiac Sample Entropy	T081	C2349044
27978784	1664	1670	SampEn	T081	C2349044
27978784	1676	1691	Shannon Entropy	T081	C2349044
27978784	1693	1704	Significant	T078	C0750502
27978784	1705	1715	increasing	T169	C0442808
27978784	1719	1724	mCBFV	T033	C4287833
27978784	1726	1728	LF	T079	C0205213
27978784	1731	1733	HF	T079	C0205212
27978784	1734	1739	ratio	T081	C0456603
27978784	1741	1744	SD2	T081	C0871420
27978784	1747	1750	SD1	T081	C0871420
27978784	1752	1767	Shannon Entropy	T081	C2349044
27978784	1772	1781	inversely	T080	C0439850
27978784	1782	1792	decreasing	T033	C0442797
27978784	1793	1799	SampEn	T081	C2349044
27978784	1807	1821	breath holding	T033	C0235744
27978784	1822	1830	maneuver	T052	C3266814
27978784	1845	1853	baseline	T081	C1442488
27978784	1873	1879	groups	T078	C0441833
27978784	1903	1918	cerebrovascular	T022	C0225992
27978784	1919	1929	reactivity	T169	C0443286
27978784	1949	1955	groups	T078	C0441833
27978784	1992	1997	mCBFV	T033	C4287833
27978784	1999	2022	systolic blood pressure	T201	C0871470
27978784	2024	2029	SysBP	T201	C0871470
27978784	2044	2050	phases	T079	C0205390
27978784	2052	2057	basal	T081	C1442488
27978784	2059	2069	experiment	T080	C1517586
27978784	2074	2082	recovery	T052	C0237820
27978784	2092	2100	patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	2105	2113	controls	T080	C2986479
27978784	2129	2138	scattered	T082	C0439742
27978784	2139	2146	signals	T067	C1710082
27978784	2150	2153	SD1	T081	C0871420
27978784	2159	2162	low	T080	C0205251
27978784	2163	2168	value	T081	C1522609
27978784	2172	2179	patient	T101	C0030705
27978784	2180	2185	group	T078	C0441833
27978784	2242	2246	less	T080	C0547044
27978784	2247	2253	degree	T081	C0449286
27978784	2257	2272	parasympathetic	T022	C0030510
27978784	2273	2278	drive	T041	C0013126
27978784	2286	2294	patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	2295	2303	compared	T052	C1707455
27978784	2311	2319	controls	T080	C2986479
27978784	2331	2342	significant	T078	C0750502
27978784	2343	2351	positive	T033	C1446409
27978784	2352	2363	correlation	T080	C1707520
27978784	2372	2396	systolic bloods pressure	T201	C0871470
27978784	2401	2406	mCBFV	T033	C4287833
27978784	2410	2418	patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	2438	2455	autonomic control	T042	C0234593
27978784	2460	2479	cerebral blood flow	T033	C0428714
27978784	2487	2506	patho-physiological	T046	C0277785
27978784	2507	2516	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27978784	2520	2534	vasodilatation	T042	C0042401
27978784	2536	2548	triggered by	T080	C1444748
27978784	2549	2560	hypercapnia	T033	C0020440
27978784	2566	2580	breath holding	T033	C0235744
27978784	2581	2589	maneuver	T052	C3266814
27978784	2593	2601	patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	2607	2622	lacunar infarct	T047	C0333559
27978784	2624	2633	Reduction	T080	C0392756
27978784	2637	2652	cerebrovascular	T022	C0225992
27978784	2653	2663	reactivity	T169	C0443286
27978784	2667	2675	patients	T101	C0030705
27978784	2681	2696	lacunar infarct	T047	C0333559
27978784	2713	2747	decreased parasympathetic activity	T039	C2267066
27978784	2818	2828	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27978784	2832	2847	lacunar infarct	T047	C0333559
27978784	2855	2861	effect	T080	C1280500
27978784	2865	2877	hypertensive	T033	C0857121
27978784	2878	2886	response	T032	C0871261

27979025|t|Atopy patch test in children with atopic dermatitis
27979025|a|Atopic dermatitis is frequently associated with food and/or aeroallergen allergy. To evaluate atopy patch tests (APTs) and skin prick tests (SPTs) in children with atopic dermatitis, using allergen extracts from locally lyophilized foods (cow's milk, egg white, egg yolk, wheat, soy, and shrimp), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, and American cockroach. This study was a prospective, self-controlled study in children with atopic dermatitis. APTs, SPTs, and oral food challenge tests were performed in the cases with written informed consent. Fifty-six children with atopic dermatitis were enrolled. According to the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis Index, moderate atopic dermatitis was the most common severity (49.1%) followed by mild (20%) and severe atopic dermatitis (13.2%). APT results were positive for food allergens in 49% of participants; SPT results were positive in 54.7%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of APTs for foods were 40%, 90.2%, 65.2%, and 76.6%, respectively. For SPTs, those values were 40%, 93.9%, 75%, and 77.3%, respectively. APT results for D farinae, D pteronyssinus, and American cockroach were positive in 33.9%, 35.8%, and 21.8% of participants, respectively. SPT results for these allergens were positive in 28.3%, 24.5%, and 9.4% of participants, respectively. No serious complications occurred. APTs with locally prepared lyophilized allergen extracts were safe and had high specificity, median positive predictive value, and low sensitivity for evaluation of suspected food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01164293.
27979025	0	16	Atopy patch test	T060	C0030646
27979025	20	28	children	T100	C0008059
27979025	34	51	atopic dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27979025	52	69	Atopic dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27979025	73	83	frequently	T079	C0332183
27979025	84	99	associated with	T080	C0332281
27979025	100	104	food	T168	C0016452
27979025	100	104	food	T046	C0016470
27979025	112	124	aeroallergen	T129	C0001697
27979025	125	132	allergy	T046	C1527304
27979025	137	145	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27979025	146	163	atopy patch tests	T060	C0030646
27979025	165	169	APTs	T060	C0030646
27979025	175	191	skin prick tests	T060	C0430561
27979025	193	197	SPTs	T060	C0430561
27979025	202	210	children	T100	C0008059
27979025	216	233	atopic dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27979025	241	258	allergen extracts	T121,T130	C0440016
27979025	264	271	locally	T082	C1517927
27979025	272	283	lyophilized	T059	C0016698
27979025	284	289	foods	T168	C0016452
27979025	291	301	cow's milk	T168	C0349374
27979025	303	312	egg white	T168	C0013704
27979025	314	322	egg yolk	T168	C0013707
27979025	324	329	wheat	T168	C0043137
27979025	331	334	soy	T168	C0037733
27979025	340	346	shrimp	T168	C0457931
27979025	349	379	Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus	T204	C1122992
27979025	381	405	Dermatophagoides farinae	T204	C0323677
27979025	411	429	American cockroach	T204	C0242223
27979025	436	441	study	T062	C2603343
27979025	448	459	prospective	T062	C0033522
27979025	461	476	self-controlled	T033	C1287165
27979025	477	482	study	T062	C2603343
27979025	486	494	children	T100	C0008059
27979025	500	517	atopic dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27979025	519	523	APTs	T060	C0030646
27979025	525	529	SPTs	T060	C0430561
27979025	535	560	oral food challenge tests	T059	C1315011
27979025	566	575	performed	T169	C0884358
27979025	594	618	written informed consent	T058	C0811741
27979025	630	638	children	T100	C0008059
27979025	644	661	atopic dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27979025	694	710	Severity Scoring	T081	C0457451
27979025	714	731	Atopic Dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27979025	739	747	moderate	T080	C0205081
27979025	748	765	atopic dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27979025	779	785	common	T081	C0205214
27979025	786	794	severity	T080	C0439793
27979025	815	819	mild	T080	C2945599
27979025	830	836	severe	T080	C0205082
27979025	837	854	atopic dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27979025	864	867	APT	T060	C0030646
27979025	868	875	results	T169	C1274040
27979025	881	889	positive	T033	C1446409
27979025	894	908	food allergens	T129	C1320239
27979025	919	931	participants	T098	C0679646
27979025	933	936	SPT	T060	C0430561
27979025	937	944	results	T169	C1274040
27979025	950	958	positive	T033	C1446409
27979025	973	984	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27979025	986	997	specificity	T081	C0037791
27979025	999	1024	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
27979025	1030	1055	negative predictive value	T081	C1513918
27979025	1059	1063	APTs	T060	C0030646
27979025	1068	1073	foods	T168	C0016452
27979025	1127	1131	SPTs	T060	C0430561
27979025	1193	1196	APT	T060	C0030646
27979025	1197	1204	results	T169	C1274040
27979025	1209	1218	D farinae	T204	C0323677
27979025	1220	1235	D pteronyssinus	T204	C1122992
27979025	1241	1259	American cockroach	T204	C0242223
27979025	1265	1273	positive	T033	C1446409
27979025	1304	1316	participants	T098	C0679646
27979025	1332	1335	SPT	T060	C0430561
27979025	1336	1343	results	T169	C1274040
27979025	1354	1363	allergens	T129	C0002092
27979025	1369	1377	positive	T033	C1446409
27979025	1407	1419	participants	T098	C0679646
27979025	1446	1459	complications	T046	C0009566
27979025	1470	1474	APTs	T060	C0030646
27979025	1480	1487	locally	T082	C1517927
27979025	1497	1508	lyophilized	T059	C0016698
27979025	1509	1526	allergen extracts	T121,T130	C0440016
27979025	1545	1549	high	T080	C0205250
27979025	1550	1561	specificity	T081	C0037791
27979025	1563	1569	median	T081	C2348144
27979025	1570	1595	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
27979025	1605	1616	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27979025	1621	1631	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27979025	1645	1657	food allergy	T046	C0016470
27979025	1661	1669	children	T100	C0008059
27979025	1675	1692	atopic dermatitis	T047	C0011615
27979025	1694	1712	clinicaltrials.gov	T170	C4086204

27979320|t|Locating the Seventh Cervical Spinous Process: Development and Validation of a Multivariate Model Using Palpation and Personal Information
27979320|a|The aim of this study was to develop and validate a multivariate prediction model, guided by palpation and personal information, for locating the seventh cervical spinous process (C7SP). A single-blinded, cross-sectional study at a primary to tertiary health care center was conducted for model development and temporal validation. One-hundred sixty participants were prospectively included for model development (n = 80) and time-split validation stages (n = 80). The C7SP was located using the thorax-rib static method (TRSM). Participants underwent chest radiography for assessment of the inner body structure located with TRSM and using radio-opaque markers placed over the skin. Age, sex, height, body mass, body mass index, and vertex-marker distanc e (DV-M) were used to predict the distance from the C7SP to the vertex (DV-C7). Multivariate linear regression modeling, limits of agreement plot, histogram of residues, receiver operating characteristic curves, and confusion tables were analyzed. The multivariate linear prediction model for DV-C7 (in centimeters) was DV-C7 = 0.986DV-M + 0.018(mass) + 0.014(age) - 1.008. Receiver operating characteristic curves had better discrimination of DV-C7 (area under the curve = 0.661; 95% confidence interval = 0.541-0.782; P = .015) than DV-M (area under the curve = 0.480; 95% confidence interval = 0.345-0.614; P = .761), with respective cutoff points at 23.40 cm (sensitivity = 41%, specificity = 63%) and 24.75 cm (sensitivity = 69%, specificity = 52%). The C7SP was correctly located more often when using predicted DV-C7 in the validation sample than when using the TRSM in the development sample: n = 53 (66%) vs n = 32 (40%), P < .001. Better accuracy was obtained when locating the C7SP by use of a multivariate model that incorporates palpation and personal information.
27979320	13	45	Seventh Cervical Spinous Process	T023	C0223178
27979320	79	97	Multivariate Model	T081,T170	C0026348
27979320	104	113	Palpation	T060	C0030247
27979320	118	138	Personal Information	T077	C2983694
27979320	191	220	multivariate prediction model	T081,T170	C0026348
27979320	232	241	palpation	T060	C0030247
27979320	246	266	personal information	T077	C2983694
27979320	285	317	seventh cervical spinous process	T023	C0223178
27979320	319	323	C7SP	T023	C0223178
27979320	328	365	single-blinded, cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27979320	371	409	primary to tertiary health care center	T073,T093	C1552443
27979320	428	445	model development	T170	C0920595
27979320	450	469	temporal validation	T062	C1519941
27979320	489	501	participants	T098	C0679646
27979320	534	551	model development	T170	C0920595
27979320	565	593	time-split validation stages	T081	C0681916
27979320	608	612	C7SP	T023	C0223178
27979320	635	659	thorax-rib static method	T060	C0030247
27979320	661	665	TRSM	T060	C0030247
27979320	668	680	Participants	T098	C0679646
27979320	691	708	chest radiography	T060	C0039985
27979320	731	736	inner	T082	C0205102
27979320	737	751	body structure	T017	C0460148
27979320	765	769	TRSM	T060	C0030247
27979320	780	800	radio-opaque markers	T074	C0181741
27979320	817	821	skin	T022	C1123023
27979320	823	826	Age	T032	C0001779
27979320	828	831	sex	T032	C0079399
27979320	833	839	height	T032	C0489786
27979320	841	850	body mass	T033	C0518010
27979320	852	867	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27979320	873	894	vertex-marker distanc	T081	C0012751
27979320	898	902	DV-M	T081	C0012751
27979320	929	937	distance	T081	C0012751
27979320	947	951	C7SP	T023	C0223178
27979320	959	965	vertex	T029	C0230003
27979320	967	972	DV-C7	T081	C0012751
27979320	975	1014	Multivariate linear regression modeling	T170	C0034980
27979320	1042	1063	histogram of residues	T170	C0870616
27979320	1065	1105	receiver operating characteristic curves	T081	C0035787
27979320	1111	1127	confusion tables	T170	C1706074
27979320	1147	1183	multivariate linear prediction model	T081,T170	C0026348
27979320	1188	1193	DV-C7	T081	C0012751
27979320	1215	1220	DV-C7	T081	C0012751
27979320	1269	1309	Receiver operating characteristic curves	T081	C0035787
27979320	1339	1344	DV-C7	T081	C0012751
27979320	1380	1399	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27979320	1430	1434	DV-M	T081	C0012751
27979320	1470	1489	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27979320	1559	1570	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27979320	1578	1589	specificity	T081	C0037791
27979320	1611	1622	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27979320	1630	1641	specificity	T081	C0037791
27979320	1654	1658	C7SP	T023	C0223178
27979320	1713	1718	DV-C7	T081	C0012751
27979320	1764	1768	TRSM	T060	C0030247
27979320	1883	1887	C7SP	T023	C0223178
27979320	1900	1918	multivariate model	T081,T170	C0026348
27979320	1937	1946	palpation	T060	C0030247
27979320	1951	1971	personal information	T077	C2983694

27980634|t|Comparison of multiple single-nucleotide variant association tests in a meta-analysis of Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 family and unrelated data
27980634|a|Meta-analysis has been widely used in genetic association studies to increase sample size and to improve power, both in the context of single-variant analysis, as well as for gene -based tests. Meta-analysis approaches for haplotype analysis have not been extensively developed and used, and have not been compared with other ways of jointly analysing multiple genetic variants. We propose a novel meta-analysis approach for a gene -based haplotype association test, and compare it with an existing meta-analysis approach of the sequence kernel association test (SKAT), using the unrelated samples and family samples of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 19 data sets. We performed association tests with diastolic blood pressure and restricted our analyses to all variants in exonic regions on all odd chromosomes. Meta-analysis of haplotype results and SKAT identified different genes. The most significantly associated gene identified by SKAT was the ALCAM gene on chromosome 3 with a p value of 7.0 × 10(- 5). Two of the most associated genes identified by the haplotype method were FPGT (p = 6.7 × 10(- 8)) on chromosome 1 and SPARC (p = 3.3 × 10(- 7)) on chromosome 5. Both genes were previously implicated in blood pressure regulation and hypertension. We compared two meta-analysis approaches to jointly analyze multiple variants: SKAT and haplotype tests. The difference in observed results may be because the haplotype method considered all observed haplotypes, whereas SKAT weighted variants inversely to their minor allele frequency, masking the effects of common variants. The two approaches identified different top genes, and appear to be complementary.
27980634	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27980634	14	22	multiple	T081	C0439064
27980634	23	40	single-nucleotide	T114	C0028630
27980634	41	48	variant	T028	C0678941
27980634	49	66	association tests	T060	C3826699
27980634	72	85	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27980634	89	105	Genetic Analysis	T059	C0796344
27980634	106	114	Workshop	UnknownType	C0681323
27980634	118	124	family	T099	C0015576
27980634	129	138	unrelated	T033	C0445356
27980634	139	143	data	T078	C1511726
27980634	144	157	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27980634	182	209	genetic association studies	T063	C2717878
27980634	213	221	increase	T169	C0442805
27980634	222	233	sample size	T081	C0242618
27980634	249	254	power	T081	C3854080
27980634	279	302	single-variant analysis	T059	C0796357
27980634	319	323	gene	T028	C0017337
27980634	331	336	tests	T059	C0022885
27980634	338	351	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27980634	367	376	haplotype	T032	C0018591
27980634	377	385	analysis	T062	C0936012
27980634	486	521	analysing multiple genetic variants	T059	C3263354
27980634	542	555	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27980634	571	575	gene	T028	C0017337
27980634	583	592	haplotype	T032	C0018591
27980634	593	609	association test	T060	C3826699
27980634	643	656	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27980634	673	705	sequence kernel association test	T060	C3826699
27980634	707	711	SKAT	T060	C3826699
27980634	724	733	unrelated	T033	C0445356
27980634	734	741	samples	T167	C0370003
27980634	746	752	family	T099	C0015576
27980634	753	760	samples	T167	C0370003
27980634	768	784	Genetic Analysis	T059	C0796344
27980634	785	793	Workshop	UnknownType	C0681323
27980634	797	806	data sets	T170	C0150098
27980634	821	838	association tests	T060	C3826699
27980634	844	868	diastolic blood pressure	T201	C0428883
27980634	873	883	restricted	T169	C0443288
27980634	904	912	variants	T028	C0678941
27980634	916	930	exonic regions	T114,T123	C0015295
27980634	938	953	odd chromosomes	T026	C0008633
27980634	955	968	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27980634	972	981	haplotype	T032	C0018591
27980634	994	998	SKAT	T060	C3826699
27980634	999	1009	identified	T080	C0205396
27980634	1010	1019	different	T080	C1705242
27980634	1020	1025	genes	T028	C0017337
27980634	1050	1060	associated	T080	C0332281
27980634	1061	1065	gene	T028	C0017337
27980634	1066	1076	identified	T080	C0205396
27980634	1080	1084	SKAT	T060	C3826699
27980634	1093	1103	ALCAM gene	T028	C1332075
27980634	1107	1119	chromosome 3	T026	C0008666
27980634	1127	1134	p value	T081	C1709380
27980634	1169	1179	associated	T080	C0332281
27980634	1180	1185	genes	T028	C0017337
27980634	1186	1196	identified	T080	C0205396
27980634	1204	1213	haplotype	T032	C0018591
27980634	1214	1220	method	T170	C0025663
27980634	1226	1230	FPGT	T028	C1414690
27980634	1254	1266	chromosome 1	T026	C0008651
27980634	1271	1276	SPARC	T028	C1420342
27980634	1300	1312	chromosome 5	T026	C0008668
27980634	1319	1324	genes	T028	C0017337
27980634	1355	1380	blood pressure regulation	T040	C0678863
27980634	1385	1397	hypertension	T047	C0020538
27980634	1415	1428	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27980634	1459	1467	multiple	T081	C0439064
27980634	1468	1476	variants	T028	C0678941
27980634	1478	1482	SKAT	T060	C3826699
27980634	1487	1496	haplotype	T032	C0018591
27980634	1497	1502	tests	T059	C0022885
27980634	1558	1567	haplotype	T032	C0018591
27980634	1568	1574	method	T170	C0025663
27980634	1599	1609	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
27980634	1619	1623	SKAT	T060	C3826699
27980634	1624	1632	weighted	T081	C0043100
27980634	1633	1641	variants	T028	C0678941
27980634	1661	1683	minor allele frequency	T081	C0017270
27980634	1715	1723	variants	T028	C0678941
27980634	1744	1754	identified	T080	C0205396
27980634	1769	1774	genes	T028	C0017337

27980739|t|Myopotential oversensing notified by Lead Integrity Alert in a patient with implantable cardioverter defibrillator with a dedicated bipolar epicardial sensing lead
27980739|a|Although myopotential oversensing by a dedicated bipolar lead is rare, an epicardial lead on a dilated ventricle might contribute to its sensitivity. Myopotential oversensing was notified by the Lead Integrity Alert in this case. We should be aware of this possibility for the management of such patients.
27980739	0	24	Myopotential oversensing	T033	C1611196
27980739	37	57	Lead Integrity Alert	T170	C0282574
27980739	63	70	patient	T101	C0030705
27980739	76	114	implantable cardioverter defibrillator	T074	C0179178
27980739	132	163	bipolar epicardial sensing lead	T074	C1961436
27980739	173	197	myopotential oversensing	T033	C1611196
27980739	213	225	bipolar lead	T074	C1961436
27980739	238	253	epicardial lead	T074	C1961436
27980739	259	276	dilated ventricle	T047	C0264733
27980739	301	312	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
27980739	314	338	Myopotential oversensing	T033	C1611196
27980739	359	379	Lead Integrity Alert	T170	C0282574
27980739	441	451	management	T057	C1273870
27980739	460	468	patients	T101	C0030705

27981242|t|Reducing neuroinflammation by delivery of IL-10 encoding lentivirus from multiple-channel bridges
27981242|a|The spinal cord is unable to regenerate after injury largely due to growth-inhibition by an inflammatory response to the injury that fails to resolve, resulting in secondary damage and cell death. An approach that prevents inhibition by attenuating the inflammatory response and promoting its resolution through the transition of macrophages to anti-inflammatory phenotypes is essential for the creation of a growth permissive microenvironment. Viral gene delivery to induce the expression of anti-inflammatory factors provides the potential to provide localized delivery to alter the host inflammatory response. Initially, we investigated the effect of the biomaterial and viral components of the delivery system to influence the extent of cell infiltration and the phenotype of these cells. Bridge implantation reduces antigen -presenting cell infiltration at day 7, and lentivirus addition to the bridge induces a transient increase in neutrophils in the spinal cord at day 7 and macrophages at day 14. Delivery of a lentivirus encoding IL-10, an anti-inflammatory factor that inhibits immune cell activation and polarizes the macrophage population towards anti-inflammatory phenotypes, reduced neutrophil infiltration at both day 7 and day 28. Though IL-10 lentivirus did not affect macrophages number, it skewed the macrophage population toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype and altered macrophage morphology. Additionally, IL-10 delivery resulted in improved motor function, suggesting reduced secondary damage and increased sparing. Taken together, these results indicate that localized expression of anti-inflammatory factors, such as IL-10, can modulate the inflammatory response following spinal cord injury, and may be a key component of a combinatorial approach that targets the multiple barriers to regeneration and functional recovery.
27981242	0	8	Reducing	T080	C0392756
27981242	9	26	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
27981242	30	38	delivery	T045	C0872177
27981242	42	47	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27981242	48	56	encoding	T052	C2700640
27981242	57	67	lentivirus	T005	C0079679
27981242	73	97	multiple-channel bridges	T033	C0243095
27981242	102	113	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
27981242	144	150	injury	T037	C0037929
27981242	166	183	growth-inhibition	T040	C2249823
27981242	190	211	inflammatory response	T046	C0021368
27981242	219	225	injury	T037	C0037929
27981242	231	236	fails	T169	C0231175
27981242	240	247	resolve	T077	C2699488
27981242	262	271	secondary	T081	C0205436
27981242	272	278	damage	T169	C1883709
27981242	283	293	cell death	T043	C0007587
27981242	312	320	prevents	T169	C1292733
27981242	321	331	inhibition	T052	C3463820
27981242	351	372	inflammatory response	T046	C0021368
27981242	391	401	resolution	T046	C1514893
27981242	414	424	transition	T043	C0007613
27981242	428	439	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27981242	443	460	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27981242	461	471	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27981242	507	513	growth	T040	C0018270
27981242	514	541	permissive microenvironment	T078	C1707328
27981242	543	548	Viral	T169	C0521026
27981242	549	562	gene delivery	T045	C0872177
27981242	566	572	induce	T169	C0205263
27981242	577	587	expression	T045	C0017262
27981242	591	608	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27981242	609	616	factors	T123	C0005515
27981242	661	669	delivery	T045	C0872177
27981242	683	687	host	T001	C1167395
27981242	688	709	inflammatory response	T046	C0021368
27981242	756	767	biomaterial	T122	C0005479
27981242	772	788	viral components	T026	C1268456
27981242	796	811	delivery system	T063	C0920677
27981242	839	843	cell	T025	C0007634
27981242	844	856	infiltration	T046	C0332448
27981242	865	874	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27981242	884	889	cells	T025	C0007634
27981242	891	910	Bridge implantation	T061	C0021107
27981242	911	918	reduces	T080	C0392756
27981242	919	926	antigen	T129	C0003320
27981242	939	943	cell	T025	C0007634
27981242	944	956	infiltration	T046	C0332448
27981242	960	963	day	T079	C0439228
27981242	971	981	lentivirus	T005	C0079679
27981242	998	1004	bridge	T033	C0243095
27981242	1005	1012	induces	T169	C0205263
27981242	1025	1033	increase	T169	C0442805
27981242	1037	1048	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
27981242	1056	1067	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
27981242	1071	1074	day	T079	C0439228
27981242	1081	1092	macrophages	T025	C0024432
27981242	1096	1099	day	T079	C0439228
27981242	1104	1112	Delivery	T045	C0872177
27981242	1118	1128	lentivirus	T005	C0079679
27981242	1129	1137	encoding	T052	C2700640
27981242	1138	1143	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27981242	1148	1165	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27981242	1166	1172	factor	T169	C1521761
27981242	1178	1186	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27981242	1187	1209	immune cell activation	T043	C1155000
27981242	1228	1249	macrophage population	T059	C1294065
27981242	1258	1275	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27981242	1276	1286	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
27981242	1288	1295	reduced	T080	C0392756
27981242	1296	1306	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
27981242	1307	1319	infiltration	T046	C0332448
27981242	1328	1331	day	T079	C0439228
27981242	1338	1341	day	T079	C0439228
27981242	1353	1358	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27981242	1359	1369	lentivirus	T005	C0079679
27981242	1385	1403	macrophages number	T059	C1294065
27981242	1419	1440	macrophage population	T059	C1294065
27981242	1451	1468	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27981242	1469	1481	M2 phenotype	T032	C0031437
27981242	1494	1504	macrophage	T025	C0024432
27981242	1505	1515	morphology	T080	C0332437
27981242	1531	1536	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27981242	1537	1545	delivery	T045	C0872177
27981242	1558	1566	improved	T033	C0184511
27981242	1567	1581	motor function	T038	C0234130
27981242	1594	1601	reduced	T080	C0392756
27981242	1602	1611	secondary	T081	C0205436
27981242	1612	1618	damage	T169	C1883709
27981242	1623	1632	increased	T081	C0205217
27981242	1633	1640	sparing	T061	C0457021
27981242	1696	1706	expression	T045	C0017262
27981242	1710	1727	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
27981242	1728	1735	factors	T123	C0005515
27981242	1745	1750	IL-10	T028	C1334098
27981242	1769	1790	inflammatory response	T046	C0021368
27981242	1801	1819	spinal cord injury	T037	C0037929
27981242	1881	1888	targets	T169	C1521840
27981242	1893	1910	multiple barriers	T033	C0243095
27981242	1914	1926	regeneration	T043	C0027756
27981242	1931	1950	functional recovery	T184	C0599766

27981492|t|Sphincter -Preserving Surgery for Low Rectal Cancer: Do We Overshoot the Mark?
27981492|a|Intersphincteric resection (ISR) is an alternative to abdominoperineal resection (APR) for a selected subset of patients with low rectal cancer, combining equivalent oncological outcome and sphincter preservation. However, functional results are heterogeneous and often imperfect. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the long-term functional results and quality of life after ISR. One hundred forty-three consecutive patients who underwent surgery for low rectal cancer were analysed. Sixty patients received ISR and 83 patients APR, respectively. Kaplan-Meier estimate was used to analyse patients ' survival. The EORTC QLQ-C30, - C29 and the Wexner score were used to determine functional outcome and quality of life. ISR and APR were both associated with comparable morbidity and no mortality. Patients ' disease - and recurrence-free survival after ISR and APR were similar (p = 0.2872 and p = 0.4635). Closure of ileostomy was performed in 73% of all patients after ISR. Long-term outcome showed a rate of incontinence (Wexner score ≥10) in 66% of the patients. Despite this, patients ' quality of life was significantly better after ISR compared to APR in terms of abdominal complaints and psycho-emotional functioning. ISR is technically feasible with acceptable postoperative morbidity rates. Functional results following ISR are compromised by incontinence as the most important complication. However, long-term quality of life is superior to APR, which should be considered when selecting patients for ISR.
27981492	0	9	Sphincter	T023	C1409894
27981492	0	29	Sphincter -Preserving Surgery	T061	C0543467
27981492	34	51	Low Rectal Cancer	T191	C0007113
27981492	79	95	Intersphincteric	T023	C0229962
27981492	96	105	resection	T061	C0728940
27981492	107	110	ISR	T061	C0728940
27981492	133	159	abdominoperineal resection	T061	C2004459
27981492	161	164	APR	T061	C2004459
27981492	191	199	patients	T101	C0030705
27981492	205	222	low rectal cancer	T191	C0007113
27981492	245	264	oncological outcome	T080	C0085415
27981492	269	278	sphincter	T023	C1409894
27981492	279	291	preservation	T059	C0033085
27981492	302	320	functional results	T034	C0456984
27981492	325	338	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27981492	349	358	imperfect	T080	C1280014
27981492	418	427	long-term	T079	C0443252
27981492	428	446	functional results	T034	C0456984
27981492	451	466	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27981492	473	476	ISR	T061	C0728940
27981492	514	522	patients	T101	C0030705
27981492	537	544	surgery	T061	C0543467
27981492	549	566	low rectal cancer	T191	C0007113
27981492	588	596	patients	T101	C0030705
27981492	606	609	ISR	T061	C0728940
27981492	617	625	patients	T101	C0030705
27981492	626	629	APR	T061	C2004459
27981492	645	666	Kaplan-Meier estimate	T081	C1720943
27981492	687	695	patients	T101	C0030705
27981492	698	706	survival	T081	C0038954
27981492	712	725	EORTC QLQ-C30	T170	C4055104
27981492	729	732	C29	T170	C0282574
27981492	741	753	Wexner score	T081	C0449820
27981492	777	795	functional outcome	T033	C4034568
27981492	800	815	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27981492	817	820	ISR	T061	C0728940
27981492	825	828	APR	T061	C2004459
27981492	839	854	associated with	T080	C0332281
27981492	855	875	comparable morbidity	T033	C1822479
27981492	880	892	no mortality	T081	C0205848
27981492	894	902	Patients	T101	C0030705
27981492	905	912	disease	T047	C0012634
27981492	919	943	recurrence-free survival	T201	C2919551
27981492	950	953	ISR	T061	C0728940
27981492	958	961	APR	T061	C2004459
27981492	1004	1024	Closure of ileostomy	T061	C0192775
27981492	1053	1061	patients	T101	C0030705
27981492	1068	1071	ISR	T061	C0728940
27981492	1073	1082	Long-term	T079	C0443252
27981492	1083	1090	outcome	T169	C1274040
27981492	1108	1120	incontinence	T047	C0021167
27981492	1122	1134	Wexner score	T081	C0449820
27981492	1154	1162	patients	T101	C0030705
27981492	1178	1186	patients	T101	C0030705
27981492	1189	1204	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27981492	1236	1239	ISR	T061	C0728940
27981492	1252	1255	APR	T061	C2004459
27981492	1268	1288	abdominal complaints	T184	C0850768
27981492	1293	1321	psycho-emotional functioning	T169	C0542341
27981492	1323	1326	ISR	T061	C0728940
27981492	1367	1396	postoperative morbidity rates	T033	C1822479
27981492	1398	1416	Functional results	T034	C0456984
27981492	1427	1430	ISR	T061	C0728940
27981492	1450	1462	incontinence	T047	C0021167
27981492	1485	1497	complication	T046	C0009566
27981492	1508	1517	long-term	T079	C0443252
27981492	1518	1533	quality of life	T078	C0034380
27981492	1549	1552	APR	T061	C2004459
27981492	1596	1604	patients	T101	C0030705
27981492	1609	1612	ISR	T061	C0728940

27981855|t|Individual differences in language and working memory affect children's speech recognition in noise
27981855|a|We examined how cognitive and linguistic skills affect speech recognition in noise for children with normal hearing. Children with better working memory and language abilities were expected to have better speech recognition in noise than peers with poorer skills in these domains. As part of a prospective, cross-sectional study, children with normal hearing completed speech recognition in noise for three types of stimuli: (1) monosyllabic words, (2) syntactically correct but semantically anomalous sentences and (3) semantically and syntactically anomalous word sequences. Measures of vocabulary, syntax and working memory were used to predict individual differences in speech recognition in noise. Ninety-six children with normal hearing, who were between 5 and 12 years of age. Higher working memory was associated with better speech recognition in noise for all three stimulus types. Higher vocabulary abilities were associated with better recognition in noise for sentences and word sequences, but not for words. Working memory and language both influence children's speech recognition in noise, but the relationships vary across types of stimuli. These findings suggest that clinical assessment of speech recognition is likely to reflect underlying cognitive and linguistic abilities, in addition to a child's auditory skills, consistent with the Ease of Language Understanding model.
27981855	0	22	Individual differences	T054	C0021228
27981855	26	34	language	T171	C0023008
27981855	39	53	working memory	T041	C0025265
27981855	54	60	affect	T041	C0001721
27981855	61	71	children's	T100	C0008059
27981855	72	90	speech recognition	T041	C0597498
27981855	94	99	noise	T067	C0028263
27981855	116	125	cognitive	T169	C1516691
27981855	130	147	linguistic skills	T041	C1145677
27981855	148	154	affect	T041	C0001721
27981855	155	173	speech recognition	T041	C0597498
27981855	177	182	noise	T067	C0028263
27981855	187	195	children	T100	C0008059
27981855	201	215	normal hearing	T033	C0234725
27981855	217	225	Children	T100	C0008059
27981855	238	252	working memory	T041	C0025265
27981855	257	265	language	T171	C0023008
27981855	266	275	abilities	T032	C0085732
27981855	305	323	speech recognition	T041	C0597498
27981855	327	332	noise	T067	C0028263
27981855	338	343	peers	T098	C0679739
27981855	356	362	skills	T055	C0678856
27981855	372	379	domains	T082	C0205146
27981855	394	405	prospective	T062	C0033522
27981855	407	428	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27981855	430	438	children	T100	C0008059
27981855	444	458	normal hearing	T033	C0234725
27981855	459	468	completed	T078	C1556116
27981855	469	487	speech recognition	T041	C0597498
27981855	491	496	noise	T067	C0028263
27981855	507	523	types of stimuli	T170	C0449529
27981855	529	547	monosyllabic words	T170	C0042926
27981855	553	566	syntactically	T078	C0597547
27981855	567	574	correct	T080	C2349182
27981855	579	591	semantically	T078	C0036612
27981855	592	601	anomalous	T033	C3277934
27981855	602	611	sentences	T170	C0876929
27981855	620	632	semantically	T078	C0036612
27981855	637	650	syntactically	T078	C0597547
27981855	651	660	anomalous	T033	C3277934
27981855	661	675	word sequences	T170	C0042926
27981855	677	685	Measures	T081	C0079809
27981855	689	699	vocabulary	T170	C0042926
27981855	701	707	syntax	T078	C0597547
27981855	712	726	working memory	T041	C0025265
27981855	748	770	individual differences	T054	C0021228
27981855	774	792	speech recognition	T041	C0597498
27981855	796	801	noise	T067	C0028263
27981855	814	822	children	T100	C0008059
27981855	828	842	normal hearing	T033	C0234725
27981855	870	882	years of age	T079	C1510829
27981855	891	905	working memory	T041	C0025265
27981855	910	925	associated with	T080	C0332281
27981855	933	951	speech recognition	T041	C0597498
27981855	955	960	noise	T067	C0028263
27981855	975	989	stimulus types	T170	C0449529
27981855	998	1008	vocabulary	T170	C0042926
27981855	1009	1018	abilities	T032	C0085732
27981855	1024	1039	associated with	T080	C0332281
27981855	1047	1058	recognition	T041	C0597498
27981855	1062	1067	noise	T067	C0028263
27981855	1072	1081	sentences	T170	C0876929
27981855	1086	1100	word sequences	T170	C0042926
27981855	1114	1119	words	T170	C0042926
27981855	1121	1135	Working memory	T041	C0025265
27981855	1140	1148	language	T171	C0023008
27981855	1154	1163	influence	T077	C4054723
27981855	1164	1174	children's	T100	C0008059
27981855	1175	1193	speech recognition	T041	C0597498
27981855	1197	1202	noise	T067	C0028263
27981855	1212	1225	relationships	T080	C0439849
27981855	1238	1254	types of stimuli	T170	C0449529
27981855	1262	1270	findings	T033	C0243095
27981855	1284	1303	clinical assessment	T058	C0220825
27981855	1307	1325	speech recognition	T041	C0597498
27981855	1358	1367	cognitive	T169	C1516691
27981855	1372	1392	linguistic abilities	T041	C1145677
27981855	1411	1418	child's	T100	C0008059
27981855	1419	1427	auditory	T169	C0439825
27981855	1428	1434	skills	T055	C0678856
27981855	1436	1451	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27981855	1456	1492	Ease of Language Understanding model	T170	C3161035

27982304|t|Anopheles fauna of coastal Cayenne, French Guiana: modelling and mapping of species presence using remotely sensed land cover data
27982304|a|Little is known about the Anopheles species of the coastal areas of French Guiana, or their spatiotemporal distribution or environmental determinants. The present study aimed to (1) document the distribution of Anopheles fauna in the coastal area around Cayenne, and (2) investigate the use of remotely sensed land cover data as proxies of Anopheles presence. To characterise the Anopheles fauna, we combined the findings of two entomological surveys that were conducted during the period 2007-2009 and in 2014 at 37 sites. Satellite imagery data were processed to extract land cover variables potentially related to Anopheles ecology. Based on these data, a methodology was formed to estimate a statistical predictive model of the spatial-seasonal variations in the presence of Anopheles in the Cayenne region. Two Anopheles species, known as main malaria vectors in South America, were identified, including the more dominant An. aquasalis near town and rural sites, and An. darlingi only found in inland sites. Furthermore, a cross-validated model of An. aquasalis presence that integrated marsh and forest surface area was extrapolated to generate predictive maps. The present study supports the use of satellite imagery by health authorities for the surveillance of malaria vectors and planning of control strategies.
27982304	0	15	Anopheles fauna	T204	C1011453
27982304	19	34	coastal Cayenne	T083	C0017446
27982304	36	49	French Guiana	T083	C0016703
27982304	51	60	modelling	T052	C0441655
27982304	65	72	mapping	T052	C1283195
27982304	76	83	species	T185	C1705920
27982304	84	92	presence	T033	C0150312
27982304	99	130	remotely sensed land cover data	T078	C1511726
27982304	157	166	Anopheles	T204	C1011453
27982304	167	174	species	T185	C1705920
27982304	182	195	coastal areas	T083	C0017446
27982304	199	212	French Guiana	T083	C0016703
27982304	223	250	spatiotemporal distribution	T082	C0037775
27982304	254	267	environmental	T082	C0014406
27982304	268	280	determinants	T169	C1521761
27982304	294	299	study	T062	C2603343
27982304	313	321	document	T170	C1563337
27982304	326	338	distribution	T082	C0037775
27982304	342	357	Anopheles fauna	T204	C1011453
27982304	365	392	coastal area around Cayenne	T083	C0017446
27982304	402	413	investigate	T169	C1292732
27982304	425	456	remotely sensed land cover data	T078	C1511726
27982304	460	467	proxies	T096	C0600420
27982304	471	480	Anopheles	T204	C1011453
27982304	481	489	presence	T033	C0150312
27982304	494	506	characterise	T052	C1880022
27982304	511	526	Anopheles fauna	T204	C1011453
27982304	544	552	findings	T033	C0243095
27982304	560	581	entomological surveys	T170	C0038951
27982304	613	619	period	T079	C1948053
27982304	648	653	sites	T082	C0205145
27982304	655	672	Satellite imagery	T068	C3658365
27982304	673	677	data	T078	C1511726
27982304	683	692	processed	T067	C1522240
27982304	696	703	extract	T169	C0205245
27982304	704	724	land cover variables	T080	C0439828
27982304	748	757	Anopheles	T204	C1011453
27982304	758	765	ecology	T090	C0013546
27982304	782	786	data	T078	C1511726
27982304	790	801	methodology	T078	C3266812
27982304	827	855	statistical predictive model	T081,T170	C0026348
27982304	863	890	spatial-seasonal variations	T079	C0036496
27982304	898	906	presence	T033	C0150312
27982304	910	919	Anopheles	T204	C1011453
27982304	927	941	Cayenne region	T083	C0017446
27982304	947	956	Anopheles	T204	C1011453
27982304	957	964	species	T185	C1705920
27982304	980	987	malaria	T047	C0024530
27982304	988	995	vectors	T204	C4277713
27982304	999	1012	South America	T083	C0037713
27982304	1019	1029	identified	T080	C0205396
27982304	1050	1058	dominant	T169	C1527180
27982304	1059	1072	An. aquasalis	T204	C0322941
27982304	1078	1082	town	T083	C1555315
27982304	1087	1098	rural sites	T082	C0178837
27982304	1104	1116	An. darlingi	T204	C0322943
27982304	1131	1143	inland sites	T082	C0205145
27982304	1160	1181	cross-validated model	T075	C0026336
27982304	1185	1198	An. aquasalis	T204	C0322941
27982304	1199	1207	presence	T033	C0150312
27982304	1224	1229	marsh	T070	C1721089
27982304	1234	1240	forest	T070	C0086312
27982304	1241	1253	surface area	T082	C0205146
27982304	1274	1282	generate	T078	C1546458
27982304	1283	1293	predictive	T080	C0681890
27982304	1294	1298	maps	T073	C0024779
27982304	1312	1317	study	T062	C2603343
27982304	1338	1355	satellite imagery	T068	C3658365
27982304	1359	1377	health authorities	T093	C1273803
27982304	1386	1398	surveillance	T169	C0220920
27982304	1402	1409	malaria	T047	C0024530
27982304	1410	1417	vectors	T204	C4277713
27982304	1422	1430	planning	T169	C1301732
27982304	1434	1452	control strategies	T170	C0679716

27983510|t|Comparison of Leishmania typing results obtained from 16 European clinical laboratories in 2014
27983510|a|Leishmaniasis is endemic in southern Europe, and in other European countries cases are diagnosed in travellers who have visited affected areas both within the continent and beyond. Prompt and accurate diagnosis poses a challenge in clinical practice in Europe. Different methods exist for identification of the infecting Leishmania species. Sixteen clinical laboratories in 10 European countries, plus Israel and Turkey, conducted a study to assess their genotyping performance. DNA from 21 promastigote cultures of 13 species was analysed blindly by the routinely used typing method. Five different molecular targets were used, which were analysed with PCR-based methods. Different levels of identification were achieved, and either the Leishmania subgenus, species complex, or actual species were reported. The overall error rate of strains placed in the wrong complex or species was 8.5%. Various reasons for incorrect typing were identified. The study shows there is considerable room for improvement and standardisation of Leishmania typing. The use of well validated standard operating procedures is recommended, covering testing, interpretation, and reporting guidelines. Application of the internal transcribed spacer 1 of the rDNA array should be restricted to Old World samples, while the heat-shock protein 70 gene and the mini-exon can be applied globally.
27983510	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
27983510	14	24	Leishmania	T204	C1095819
27983510	25	31	typing	T059	C0430416
27983510	32	39	results	T034	C0456984
27983510	40	48	obtained	T169	C1301820
27983510	57	65	European	T083	C0015176
27983510	66	87	clinical laboratories	T073,T093	C1551301
27983510	96	109	Leishmaniasis	T047	C0023281
27983510	113	120	endemic	UnknownType	C0544083
27983510	124	139	southern Europe	T083	C0037724
27983510	154	162	European	T083	C0015176
27983510	163	172	countries	T083	C0454664
27983510	173	178	cases	T081	C0021149
27983510	183	192	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27983510	196	206	travellers	T097	C0335278
27983510	224	238	affected areas	T033	C1879646
27983510	244	250	within	T082	C0332285
27983510	255	264	continent	T083	C0454690
27983510	277	283	Prompt	T080	C0205556
27983510	288	296	accurate	T080	C0443131
27983510	297	306	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27983510	328	345	clinical practice	T170	C2986419
27983510	349	355	Europe	T083	C0015176
27983510	357	366	Different	T080	C1705242
27983510	367	374	methods	T170	C0025663
27983510	375	380	exist	T077	C2987476
27983510	385	399	identification	T080	C0205396
27983510	407	416	infecting	T033	C0439663
27983510	417	427	Leishmania	T204	C1095819
27983510	428	435	species	T185	C1705920
27983510	445	466	clinical laboratories	T073,T093	C1551301
27983510	473	481	European	T083	C0015176
27983510	482	491	countries	T083	C0454664
27983510	498	504	Israel	T083	C0022271
27983510	509	515	Turkey	T083	C0041400
27983510	529	534	study	T062	C2603343
27983510	551	561	genotyping	T059	C1285573
27983510	562	573	performance	T052	C1882330
27983510	575	578	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27983510	587	608	promastigote cultures	T204	C0684063
27983510	615	622	species	T185	C1705920
27983510	627	635	analysed	T062	C0936012
27983510	636	643	blindly	T080	C0205556
27983510	651	660	routinely	T080	C0205547
27983510	666	672	typing	T059	C0430416
27983510	673	679	method	T170	C0025663
27983510	686	695	different	T080	C1705242
27983510	696	713	molecular targets	T104,T120	C1513403
27983510	736	744	analysed	T062	C0936012
27983510	750	759	PCR-based	T063	C0032520
27983510	760	767	methods	T170	C0025663
27983510	769	778	Different	T080	C1705242
27983510	779	785	levels	T080	C0441889
27983510	789	803	identification	T080	C0205396
27983510	809	817	achieved	T033	C0432600
27983510	834	844	Leishmania	T204	C1095819
27983510	845	853	subgenus	T077	C1883697
27983510	855	862	species	T185	C1705920
27983510	882	889	species	T185	C1705920
27983510	895	903	reported	T170	C0684224
27983510	909	916	overall	T080	C1561607
27983510	917	922	error	T080	C0743559
27983510	923	927	rate	T081	C1521828
27983510	931	938	strains	T001	C1518614
27983510	953	958	wrong	T080	C3827420
27983510	970	977	species	T185	C1705920
27983510	996	1003	reasons	T078	C0392360
27983510	1008	1017	incorrect	T080	C3827420
27983510	1018	1024	typing	T059	C0430416
27983510	1030	1040	identified	T080	C0205396
27983510	1046	1051	study	T062	C2603343
27983510	1067	1079	considerable	T080	C0205556
27983510	1089	1100	improvement	T077	C2986411
27983510	1105	1120	standardisation	T062	C0038136
27983510	1124	1134	Leishmania	T204	C1095819
27983510	1135	1141	typing	T059	C0430416
27983510	1159	1168	validated	T062	C1519941
27983510	1169	1198	standard operating procedures	T077	C1710183
27983510	1202	1213	recommended	T078	C0034866
27983510	1224	1231	testing	T169	C0039593
27983510	1233	1247	interpretation	T170	C0459471
27983510	1253	1262	reporting	T058	C0700287
27983510	1263	1273	guidelines	T170	C0162791
27983510	1294	1302	internal	T082	C0205102
27983510	1303	1314	transcribed	T080	C0205556
27983510	1315	1323	spacer 1	T114,T123	C0887858
27983510	1331	1335	rDNA	T114	C0012931
27983510	1336	1341	array	T075	C0600597
27983510	1352	1362	restricted	T169	C0443288
27983510	1366	1375	Old World	T080	C0205556
27983510	1376	1383	samples	T077	C2347026
27983510	1395	1421	heat-shock protein 70 gene	T028	C1415755
27983510	1430	1439	mini-exon	T114,T123	C0026163
27983510	1447	1454	applied	T169	C4048755
27983510	1455	1463	globally	T080	C2348867

27983636|t|Scoparone Inhibits LPS - Simulated Inflammatory Response by Suppressing IRF3 and ERK in BV-2 Microglial Cells
27983636|a|Microglia activation and the release of various inflammatory cytokines are largely related to neurological diseases, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and other brain diseases. The suppression of microglial cells using natural bioactive compounds has become increasingly important for brain therapy owing to the expected beneficial effect of lower toxicity. Scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin), a major bioactive compound found in various plant parts, including the inner shell of chestnut (Castanea crenata), was evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- activated BV-2 microglia cells. The results indicated that scoparone suppresses the LPS - stimulated increase of neuroinflammatory responses and inhibited the pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the BV-2 microglial cells. A mechanistic study showed that scoparone specifically inhibited the LPS - stimulated activation via a major regulation of IRF-3 and a regulation of ERK, whereby the phosphorylation in the BV-2 microglial cells is blocked. These data suggest that scoparone has anti-neuroinflammatory effects in LPS - activated BV-2 microglial cells, and could possibly be used in the development of novel drugs for the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases.
27983636	0	9	Scoparone	T109,T121	C0074191
27983636	19	22	LPS	T109	C0023810
27983636	25	34	Simulated	T169	C0205245
27983636	35	56	Inflammatory Response	T046	C1155266
27983636	60	71	Suppressing	T169	C1260953
27983636	72	76	IRF3	T116,T123	C1510506
27983636	81	84	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27983636	88	109	BV-2 Microglial Cells	T025	C0206116
27983636	110	119	Microglia	T025	C0206116
27983636	120	130	activation	T043	C1326120
27983636	158	170	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27983636	171	180	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27983636	204	225	neurological diseases	T047	C2359473
27983636	237	248	Parkinson's	T047	C0030567
27983636	250	261	Alzheimer's	T047	C0002395
27983636	267	272	other	T080	C0205394
27983636	273	287	brain diseases	T047	C0006111
27983636	308	324	microglial cells	T025	C0206116
27983636	331	338	natural	T169	C0205296
27983636	339	358	bioactive compounds	T123	C0574031
27983636	370	382	increasingly	T169	C0442805
27983636	383	392	important	T080	C3898777
27983636	397	410	brain therapy	T061	C0872120
27983636	433	450	beneficial effect	UnknownType	C0683156
27983636	454	459	lower	T080	C0205251
27983636	460	468	toxicity	T080	C0040539
27983636	470	479	Scoparone	T109,T121	C0074191
27983636	481	502	6,7-dimethoxycoumarin	T109,T121	C0074191
27983636	513	531	bioactive compound	T123	C0574031
27983636	532	537	found	T033	C0150312
27983636	549	560	plant parts	T185	C2698828
27983636	582	587	shell	T080	C1948022
27983636	591	599	chestnut	T168	C0349771
27983636	601	617	Castanea crenata	T002	C1047769
27983636	637	655	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
27983636	657	660	LPS	T109	C0023810
27983636	663	672	activated	T169	C1515877
27983636	673	693	BV-2 microglia cells	T025	C0206116
27983636	699	706	results	T169	C1274040
27983636	707	716	indicated	T033	C1444656
27983636	722	731	scoparone	T109,T121	C0074191
27983636	732	742	suppresses	T169	C1260953
27983636	747	750	LPS	T109	C0023810
27983636	753	763	stimulated	T169	C0205245
27983636	764	772	increase	T169	C0442805
27983636	776	803	neuroinflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
27983636	808	817	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27983636	822	838	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
27983636	839	847	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27983636	866	887	BV-2 microglial cells	T025	C0206116
27983636	891	908	mechanistic study	T169	C0441712
27983636	921	930	scoparone	T109,T121	C0074191
27983636	944	953	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27983636	958	961	LPS	T109	C0023810
27983636	964	974	stimulated	T169	C0205245
27983636	975	985	activation	T043	C1326120
27983636	998	1008	regulation	T038	C1327622
27983636	1012	1017	IRF-3	T116,T123	C1510506
27983636	1024	1034	regulation	T038	C1327622
27983636	1038	1041	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
27983636	1055	1070	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
27983636	1078	1099	BV-2 microglial cells	T025	C0206116
27983636	1103	1110	blocked	T169	C0332206
27983636	1118	1122	data	T078	C1511726
27983636	1123	1130	suggest	T078	C1705535
27983636	1136	1145	scoparone	T109,T121	C0074191
27983636	1150	1180	anti-neuroinflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
27983636	1184	1187	LPS	T109	C0023810
27983636	1190	1199	activated	T169	C1515877
27983636	1200	1221	BV-2 microglial cells	T025	C0206116
27983636	1245	1249	used	T169	C1524063
27983636	1257	1268	development	T169	C1527148
27983636	1272	1277	novel	T080	C0205314
27983636	1278	1283	drugs	T121	C0013227
27983636	1292	1302	prevention	T080	C1456501
27983636	1307	1316	treatment	T169	C1522326
27983636	1320	1346	neuroinflammatory diseases	T047	C2359473

27984052|t|Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers in Hypertension: Alive and Well
27984052|a|Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers (β-blockers) are an appropriate treatment for patients having systemic hypertension (HTN) who have concomitant ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure, obstructive cardiomyopathy, aortic dissection or certain cardiac arrhythmias. β-Blockers can be used in combination with other antiHTN drugs to achieve maximal blood pressure control. Labetalol can be used in HTN emergencies and urgencies. β-Blockers may be useful in HTN patients having a hyperkinetic circulation (palpitations, tachycardia, HTN, and anxiety), migraine headache, and essential tremor. β-Blockers are highly heterogeneous with respect to various pharmacologic properties: degree of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, membrane stabilizing activity, β1 selectivity, α1-adrenergic blocking effects, tissue solubility, routes of systemic elimination, potencies and duration of action, and specific properties may be important in the selection of a drug for clinical use. β-Blocker usage to reduce perioperative myocardial ischemia and cardiovascular (CV) complications may not benefit as many patients as was once hoped, and may actually cause harm in some individuals. Currently the best evidence supports perioperative β-blocker use in two patient groups: patients undergoing vascular surgery with known IHD or multiple risk factors for it, and for those patients already receiving β-blockers for known CV conditions.
27984052	0	33	Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers	T121	C0001645
27984052	37	49	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
27984052	66	99	Beta-adrenergic receptor blockers	T121	C0001645
27984052	101	111	β-blockers	T121	C0001645
27984052	132	141	treatment	T061	C0087111
27984052	146	154	patients	T101	C0030705
27984052	162	183	systemic hypertension	T047	C0020538
27984052	185	188	HTN	T047	C0020538
27984052	199	233	concomitant ischemic heart disease	T047	C0151744
27984052	235	238	IHD	T047	C0151744
27984052	241	254	heart failure	T047	C0018801
27984052	256	282	obstructive cardiomyopathy	T047	C0007194
27984052	284	301	aortic dissection	T047	C0340643
27984052	313	332	cardiac arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
27984052	334	344	β-Blockers	T121	C0001645
27984052	383	396	antiHTN drugs	T121	C0003364
27984052	408	438	maximal blood pressure control	T040	C1753303
27984052	440	449	Labetalol	T109,T121	C0022860
27984052	465	480	HTN emergencies	T047	C0745136
27984052	485	494	urgencies	T047	C0745138
27984052	496	506	β-Blockers	T121	C0001645
27984052	524	527	HTN	T047	C0020538
27984052	528	536	patients	T101	C0030705
27984052	546	558	hyperkinetic	T080	C0233574
27984052	559	570	circulation	T039	C0005775
27984052	572	584	palpitations	T033	C0030252
27984052	586	597	tachycardia	T046	C0039231
27984052	599	602	HTN	T047	C0020538
27984052	608	615	anxiety	T033	C0003467
27984052	618	635	migraine headache	T047	C0149931
27984052	641	657	essential tremor	T047	C0270736
27984052	659	669	β-Blockers	T121	C0001645
27984052	681	694	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27984052	719	743	pharmacologic properties	T070	C2350477
27984052	745	789	degree of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity	T033	C0877014
27984052	791	820	membrane stabilizing activity	T169	C0205245
27984052	822	836	β1 selectivity	T044	C1152727
27984052	838	868	α1-adrenergic blocking effects	T044	C1152724
27984052	870	887	tissue solubility	T080	C0037628
27984052	889	919	routes of systemic elimination	T033	C0231360
27984052	921	930	potencies	T038	C0678792
27984052	935	953	duration of action	T079	C0449238
27984052	1003	1039	selection of a drug for clinical use	T062	C0013175
27984052	1041	1056	β-Blocker usage	T169	C0728866
27984052	1067	1080	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27984052	1081	1100	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
27984052	1105	1138	cardiovascular (CV) complications	T046	C0161816
27984052	1163	1171	patients	T101	C0030705
27984052	1277	1290	perioperative	T079	C1518988
27984052	1291	1304	β-blocker use	T169	C0728866
27984052	1312	1326	patient groups	T101	C0030705
27984052	1328	1336	patients	T101	C0030705
27984052	1348	1364	vascular surgery	T061	C0042381
27984052	1376	1379	IHD	T047	C0151744
27984052	1383	1404	multiple risk factors	T033	C2321260
27984052	1427	1435	patients	T101	C0030705
27984052	1454	1464	β-blockers	T121	C0001645
27984052	1475	1488	CV conditions	T046	C0161816

27984098|t|Dynamic Cross-Entropy
27984098|a|Complexity measures for time series have been used in many applications to quantify the regularity of one dimensional time series, however many dynamical systems are spatially distributed multidimensional systems. We introduced Dynamic Cross-Entropy (DCE) a novel multidimensional complexity measure that quantifies the degree of regularity of EEG signals in selected frequency bands. Time series generated by discrete logistic equations with varying control parameter r are used to test DCE measures. Sliding window DCE analyses are able to reveal specific period doubling bifurcations that lead to chaos. A similar behavior can be observed in seizures triggered by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Sample entropy data show the level of signal complexity in different phases of the ictal ECT. The transition to irregular activity is preceded by the occurrence of cyclic regular behavior. A significant increase of DCE values in successive order from high frequencies in gamma to low frequencies in delta band reveals several phase transitions into less ordered states, possible chaos in the human brain. To our knowledge there are no reliable techniques able to reveal the transition to chaos in case of multidimensional times series. In addition, DCE based on sample entropy appears to be robust to EEG artifacts compared to DCE based on Shannon entropy. The applied technique may offer new approaches to better understand nonlinear brain activity.
27984098	0	21	Dynamic Cross-Entropy	T062	C0871424
27984098	22	41	Complexity measures	T081	C0079809
27984098	46	57	time series	T079	C0871939
27984098	97	105	quantify	T081	C1709793
27984098	110	120	regularity	T080	C0449581
27984098	124	139	one dimensional	T082	C1254362
27984098	140	151	time series	T079	C0871939
27984098	166	183	dynamical systems	T170	C0876936
27984098	188	209	spatially distributed	T082	C0037775
27984098	210	226	multidimensional	T082	C2347299
27984098	227	234	systems	T169	C0449913
27984098	250	271	Dynamic Cross-Entropy	T062	C0871424
27984098	273	276	DCE	T062	C0871424
27984098	280	285	novel	T080	C0205314
27984098	286	302	multidimensional	T082	C2347299
27984098	303	321	complexity measure	T081	C0079809
27984098	327	337	quantifies	T081	C1709793
27984098	342	348	degree	T081	C0449286
27984098	352	362	regularity	T080	C0449581
27984098	366	369	EEG	T060	C0013819
27984098	370	377	signals	T067	C1710082
27984098	390	399	frequency	T079	C0439603
27984098	407	418	Time series	T079	C0871939
27984098	432	440	discrete	T080	C0443299
27984098	441	459	logistic equations	T077	C0552449
27984098	473	490	control parameter	T033	C0449381
27984098	510	513	DCE	T062	C0871424
27984098	514	522	measures	T081	C0079809
27984098	524	551	Sliding window DCE analyses	T062	C0871424
27984098	571	579	specific	T080	C0205369
27984098	580	586	period	T079	C1948053
27984098	587	595	doubling	T052	C1705764
27984098	622	627	chaos	T033	C4049797
27984098	631	638	similar	T080	C2348205
27984098	655	663	observed	T169	C1441672
27984098	667	675	seizures	T184	C0036572
27984098	689	714	electroconvulsive therapy	T061	C0013806
27984098	716	719	ECT	T061	C0013806
27984098	722	741	Sample entropy data	T078	C1511726
27984098	751	756	level	T080	C0441889
27984098	760	766	signal	T067	C1710082
27984098	767	777	complexity	T080	C0439855
27984098	781	790	different	T080	C1705242
27984098	791	797	phases	T079	C0205390
27984098	811	814	ECT	T061	C0013806
27984098	820	830	transition	T052	C2700061
27984098	834	843	irregular	T080	C0205271
27984098	844	852	activity	T052	C0441655
27984098	856	864	preceded	T079	C0332152
27984098	872	882	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27984098	886	892	cyclic	T079	C0439596
27984098	893	900	regular	T080	C0205272
27984098	913	924	significant	T078	C0750502
27984098	925	933	increase	T169	C0442805
27984098	937	940	DCE	T062	C0871424
27984098	973	977	high	T080	C0205250
27984098	978	989	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27984098	1006	1017	frequencies	T079	C0439603
27984098	1048	1065	phase transitions	T070	C1257888
27984098	1076	1083	ordered	T080	C1705176
27984098	1101	1106	chaos	T033	C4049797
27984098	1114	1119	human	T016	C0086418
27984098	1120	1125	brain	T023	C0006104
27984098	1134	1143	knowledge	T170	C0376554
27984098	1166	1176	techniques	T062	C1710191
27984098	1196	1206	transition	T052	C2700061
27984098	1210	1215	chaos	T033	C4049797
27984098	1227	1243	multidimensional	T082	C2347299
27984098	1244	1256	times series	T079	C0871939
27984098	1258	1269	In addition	T169	C0332287
27984098	1271	1274	DCE	T062	C0871424
27984098	1284	1298	sample entropy	T067	C0376522
27984098	1313	1319	robust	T080	C2986815
27984098	1323	1336	EEG artifacts	T033	C0429280
27984098	1337	1345	compared	T052	C1707455
27984098	1349	1352	DCE	T062	C0871424
27984098	1362	1377	Shannon entropy	T067	C0376522
27984098	1391	1400	technique	T062	C1710191
27984098	1447	1456	nonlinear	T170	C0206166
27984098	1457	1471	brain activity	T039	C0443158

27984219|t|One Stage Aesthetic and Functional Reconstruction of Major Lower Lip Defects
27984219|a|Multiple techniques have been used for reconstruction of large defects of the lower lip. However, some complications, such as microstomia, distortion of oral commissure, lip functional problems, and sensory loss might occur with these techniques. The aim of this work is to evaluate a new method of reconstruction of large lower lip defects after excision of squamous cell carcinoma. Eighteen patients with lower lip squamous cell carcinomas were managed with this new technique of reconstruction using dermal fat flap, mucobuccal flap, and muscle transfer after excision of the tumor with 1-cm safety margin on both sides. The functional and aesthetic assessments were performed at least 6 months after surgery, and the results were compared statistically with a control group. Of the 18 patients, sensibility was normal in 16 (89%) and complete competence was determined in all cases (100%). In 17 patients (94%), complete and symmetric pouting and mouth-opening movements were ensured. Interlabial measurements would be better in all patients. Nasolabial asymmetry was detected in 1 patient (6%) and apparent mentolabial scar tissue was detected in 2 patients (11%). The new vermilion was of equal width to the upper lip vermilion in 15 patients (83%). Based on our results, this technique could be considered a good choice for repair of major lip defects. In addition, using this technique will give good aesthetic and functional results.
27984219	10	19	Aesthetic	T074	C0493339
27984219	24	34	Functional	T169	C0205245
27984219	35	49	Reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27984219	53	58	Major	T080	C0205082
27984219	59	68	Lower Lip	T023	C0458583
27984219	69	76	Defects	T169	C0243067
27984219	77	85	Multiple	T081	C0439064
27984219	86	96	techniques	T169	C0449851
27984219	116	130	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27984219	140	147	defects	T169	C0243067
27984219	155	164	lower lip	T023	C0458583
27984219	180	193	complications	T046	C0009566
27984219	203	214	microstomia	T019	C0026034
27984219	216	226	distortion	T080	C2919017
27984219	230	245	oral commissure	T030	C0226924
27984219	247	250	lip	T023	C0023759
27984219	251	261	functional	T169	C0205245
27984219	262	270	problems	T033	C0033213
27984219	276	288	sensory loss	T184	C0278134
27984219	312	322	techniques	T169	C0449851
27984219	328	331	aim	T078	C1947946
27984219	351	359	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27984219	366	372	method	T170	C0025663
27984219	376	390	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27984219	400	409	lower lip	T023	C0458583
27984219	410	417	defects	T169	C0243067
27984219	424	432	excision	T061	C0728940
27984219	436	459	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
27984219	470	478	patients	T101	C0030705
27984219	484	518	lower lip squamous cell carcinomas	T191	C0563209
27984219	546	555	technique	T169	C0449851
27984219	559	573	reconstruction	T061	C0524865
27984219	580	595	dermal fat flap	T061	C0191495
27984219	597	607	mucobuccal	T023	C0026639
27984219	608	612	flap	T023	C0038925
27984219	618	633	muscle transfer	T061	C0185470
27984219	640	648	excision	T061	C0728940
27984219	656	661	tumor	T191	C0027651
27984219	679	685	margin	T023	C0229985
27984219	705	715	functional	T169	C0205245
27984219	730	741	assessments	T058	C0220825
27984219	768	774	months	T079	C0439231
27984219	781	788	surgery	T061	C0543467
27984219	798	805	results	T169	C1274040
27984219	820	833	statistically	T090	C0038215
27984219	841	854	control group	T096	C0009932
27984219	866	874	patients	T101	C0030705
27984219	876	887	sensibility	T080	C0439823
27984219	892	898	normal	T080	C0205307
27984219	924	934	competence	T080	C0086035
27984219	977	985	patients	T101	C0030705
27984219	1006	1015	symmetric	T033	C0332516
27984219	1016	1023	pouting	T033	C1856875
27984219	1028	1051	mouth-opening movements	T033	C0240379
27984219	1066	1077	Interlabial	T023	C0448843
27984219	1078	1090	measurements	T169	C0242485
27984219	1114	1122	patients	T101	C0030705
27984219	1124	1144	Nasolabial asymmetry	T033	C4036171
27984219	1149	1157	detected	T033	C0442726
27984219	1163	1170	patient	T101	C0030705
27984219	1189	1200	mentolabial	T030	C0226923
27984219	1201	1212	scar tissue	T033	C0241158
27984219	1217	1225	detected	T033	C0442726
27984219	1231	1239	patients	T101	C0030705
27984219	1255	1264	vermilion	T029	C0930565
27984219	1272	1277	equal	T080	C0205163
27984219	1278	1283	width	T081	C0487742
27984219	1291	1310	upper lip vermilion	T029	C0930568
27984219	1317	1325	patients	T101	C0030705
27984219	1346	1353	results	T169	C1274040
27984219	1360	1369	technique	T169	C0449851
27984219	1408	1414	repair	T061	C0374711
27984219	1418	1423	major	T080	C0205082
27984219	1424	1427	lip	T023	C0023759
27984219	1428	1435	defects	T169	C0243067
27984219	1461	1470	technique	T169	C0449851
27984219	1486	1495	aesthetic	T074	C0493339
27984219	1500	1510	functional	T169	C0205245
27984219	1511	1518	results	T169	C1274040

27984742|t|Back to the Roots: Deep View into the Evolutionary History of ADP-Ribosylation Opened by the DNA - Targeting Toxin - Antitoxin Module DarTG
27984742|a|In this issue of Molecular Cell, Jankevicius et al. (2016) characterize the DarTG toxin - antitoxin module in which the DarT toxin ADP-ribosylates single-stranded DNA and the DarG antitoxin counteracts DarT by direct binding and by enzymatic remova l of the ADP-ribosylation.
27984742	38	50	Evolutionary	T038	C0282688
27984742	51	58	History	T169	C0019665
27984742	62	78	ADP-Ribosylation	T067	C0596043
27984742	93	96	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27984742	99	108	Targeting	T169	C1521840
27984742	109	114	Toxin	T123,T131	C0040549
27984742	117	126	Antitoxin	T121,T129	C0003445
27984742	127	139	Module DarTG	T077	C1709061
27984742	157	171	Molecular Cell	T091	C1513407
27984742	216	221	DarTG	T077	C1709061
27984742	222	227	toxin	T123,T131	C0040549
27984742	230	239	antitoxin	T121,T129	C0003445
27984742	240	246	module	T077	C1709061
27984742	260	264	DarT	T116,T126	C0014442
27984742	265	270	toxin	T123,T131	C0040549
27984742	271	286	ADP-ribosylates	T067	C0596043
27984742	287	306	single-stranded DNA	T114	C0012935
27984742	315	319	DarG	T116,T123	C0033684
27984742	320	329	antitoxin	T121,T129	C0003445
27984742	330	341	counteracts	T169	C0443286
27984742	342	346	DarT	T116,T126	C0014442
27984742	357	364	binding	T044	C1167622
27984742	372	381	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
27984742	382	388	remova	T052	C1883720
27984742	398	414	ADP-ribosylation	T067	C0596043

27984919|t|From chemotherapy to target therapies associated with radiation in the treatment of NSCLC: a durable marriage?
27984919|a|The integration between radiotherapy and drugs, from chemotherapy to recently available target therapies, continues to have a relevant role in the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aim of the present review is to evaluate the promising and emerging application of the best interaction between new drugs and new modalities of radiotherapy. Areas covered: We searched Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertation, and Theses databases for reports published in English. A study was included when it reported on cancer-related radiotherapy and included patients with NSCLC treated with chemo and/or target therapies. Review articles were excluded from the analysis. Expert commentary: Chemo-radiotherapy still represents the standard of choice in locally advanced NSCLC, while to date the addition of target therapies to chemo-radiotherapy did not demonstrate any robust advantage in this stage of disease. Considering the absence of randomized controlled trials, the role of target therapies in early stage adjuvant NSCLC is not yet recommended in clinical practice. On the contrary, in the setting of oligometastatic and oligoprogressive disease, new molecules demonstrated to be safe and effective, opening to a promising and emerging application of the best interaction between new drugs and new modalities of radiotherapy.
27984919	5	17	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27984919	21	27	target	T169	C1521840
27984919	28	37	therapies	T061	C0087111
27984919	38	53	associated with	T080	C0332281
27984919	54	63	radiation	T070	C0851346
27984919	71	80	treatment	T169	C0039798
27984919	84	89	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27984919	93	109	durable marriage	T061	C4264454
27984919	115	126	integration	T169	C0205245
27984919	135	147	radiotherapy	T170	C0034619
27984919	152	157	drugs	T061	C3687832
27984919	164	176	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
27984919	189	198	available	T169	C0470187
27984919	199	205	target	T169	C1521840
27984919	206	215	therapies	T061	C0087111
27984919	237	245	relevant	T080	C2347946
27984919	258	267	treatment	T169	C0039798
27984919	279	287	advanced	T080	C0205179
27984919	292	302	metastatic	T169	C0036525
27984919	303	329	Non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
27984919	331	336	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27984919	339	342	Aim	T078	C1947946
27984919	358	364	review	T170	C0282443
27984919	371	379	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27984919	407	418	application	T169	C4048755
27984919	431	442	interaction	T169	C1704675
27984919	455	460	drugs	T061	C3687832
27984919	469	479	modalities	T078	C0695347
27984919	483	495	radiotherapy	T170	C0034619
27984919	515	523	searched	T052	C1706202
27984919	524	531	Medline	T170	C0025141
27984919	533	547	Google Scholar	T170	C0242356
27984919	549	555	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27984919	557	578	ProQuest Dissertation	T170	C0242356
27984919	591	600	databases	T170	C0242356
27984919	605	612	reports	T170	C0684224
27984919	613	622	published	T057	C0034037
27984919	626	633	English	T171	C0376245
27984919	637	642	study	T062	C2603343
27984919	647	655	included	T169	C0332257
27984919	676	703	cancer-related radiotherapy	T170	C0034619
27984919	708	716	included	T169	C0332257
27984919	717	725	patients	T101	C0030705
27984919	731	736	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27984919	737	749	treated with	T061	C0332293
27984919	750	755	chemo	T061	C3665472
27984919	763	769	target	T169	C1521840
27984919	770	779	therapies	T061	C0087111
27984919	781	796	Review articles	T170	C0282443
27984919	802	810	excluded	T078	C1554077
27984919	820	828	analysis	T062	C0936012
27984919	849	867	Chemo-radiotherapy	T061	C4264454
27984919	874	884	represents	T052	C1882932
27984919	889	897	standard	T080	C1442989
27984919	901	907	choice	T052	C1707391
27984919	919	927	advanced	T080	C0205179
27984919	928	933	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27984919	944	948	date	T079	C0011008
27984919	965	971	target	T169	C1521840
27984919	972	981	therapies	T061	C0087111
27984919	985	1003	chemo-radiotherapy	T061	C4264454
27984919	1028	1034	robust	T080	C2986815
27984919	1053	1069	stage of disease	T060	C0699749
27984919	1087	1094	absence	T169	C0332197
27984919	1098	1126	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
27984919	1140	1146	target	T169	C1521840
27984919	1147	1156	therapies	T061	C0087111
27984919	1160	1171	early stage	T079	C2363430
27984919	1172	1180	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
27984919	1181	1186	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
27984919	1198	1209	recommended	T078	C0034866
27984919	1213	1230	clinical practice	T170	C0282574
27984919	1267	1282	oligometastatic	T191	C0027627
27984919	1287	1311	oligoprogressive disease	T191	C0027627
27984919	1317	1326	molecules	T167	C0567416
27984919	1355	1364	effective	T080	C1704419
27984919	1402	1413	application	T169	C4048755
27984919	1426	1437	interaction	T169	C1704675
27984919	1450	1455	drugs	T061	C3687832
27984919	1464	1474	modalities	T078	C0695347
27984919	1478	1490	radiotherapy	T170	C0034619

27986757|t|Cyanate - Impaired Angiogenesis: Association With Poor Coronary Collateral Growth in Patients With Stable Angina and Chronic Total Occlusion
27986757|a|Cyanate has recently gained attention for its role in the pathogenesis of vascular injury. Nonetheless, the effect of cyanate on angiogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that oral administration of cyanate impaired blood perfusion recovery in a mouse hind-limb ischemia model. A reduction in blood perfusion recovery at day 21 was observed in the ischemic tissue of cyanate - treated mice. Likewise, there were fewer capillaries in the ischemic hind-limb tissue of cyanate - exposed mice. Our in vitro study showed that cyanate, together with its carbamylated products, inhibited the migration, proliferation, and tube-formation abilities of endothelial cells. Further research revealed that cyanate regulated angiogenesis partly by interrupting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 / phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase / Akt pathway. The serum concentrations of homocitrulline, a marker of cyanate exposure, were determined in 117 patients with stable angina and chronic total occlusion. Consistent with the antiangiogenic role of cyanate, homocitrulline levels were increased in patients with poor coronary collateralization (n=58) compared with those with high collateralization (n=59; 21.09±13.08 versus 15.54±9.02 ng/mL, P=0.009). In addition, elevated homocitrulline concentration was a strong predictor of poor coronary collateral growth. Impaired angiogenesis induced by cyanate might contribute to poor coronary collateral growth.
27986757	0	7	Cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	10	18	Impaired	T169	C0221099
27986757	19	31	Angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27986757	33	44	Association	T080	C0439849
27986757	50	54	Poor	T080	C2700379
27986757	55	81	Coronary Collateral Growth	T042	C1820269
27986757	85	93	Patients	T101	C0030705
27986757	99	112	Stable Angina	T047	C0340288
27986757	117	140	Chronic Total Occlusion	T047	C1955779
27986757	141	148	Cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	199	211	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
27986757	215	230	vascular injury	T037	C0178324
27986757	249	255	effect	T080	C1280500
27986757	259	266	cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	270	282	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27986757	291	298	unclear	T033	C3845108
27986757	308	313	study	T062	C2603343
27986757	336	355	oral administration	T061	C0001563
27986757	359	366	cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	367	375	impaired	T169	C0221099
27986757	376	391	blood perfusion	T042	C0599705
27986757	392	400	recovery	T052	C0237820
27986757	406	436	mouse hind-limb ischemia model	T050	C2986594
27986757	440	449	reduction	T061	C0441610
27986757	453	468	blood perfusion	T042	C0599705
27986757	469	477	recovery	T052	C0237820
27986757	481	484	day	T079	C0439228
27986757	492	500	observed	T169	C1441672
27986757	508	516	ischemic	T169	C0475224
27986757	517	523	tissue	T024	C0040300
27986757	527	534	cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	537	544	treated	T169	C1522326
27986757	545	549	mice	T015	C0025929
27986757	578	589	capillaries	T023	C0006901
27986757	597	605	ischemic	T169	C0475224
27986757	606	615	hind-limb	T023	C1522391
27986757	616	622	tissue	T024	C0040300
27986757	626	633	cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	636	643	exposed	T080	C0332157
27986757	644	648	mice	T015	C0025929
27986757	654	662	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27986757	663	668	study	T062	C2603343
27986757	681	688	cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	708	729	carbamylated products	T131	C1254354
27986757	731	740	inhibited	T080	C0311403
27986757	745	754	migration	T043	C1622501
27986757	756	769	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27986757	775	789	tube-formation	T042	C2752214
27986757	790	799	abilities	T032	C0085732
27986757	803	820	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
27986757	830	838	research	T062	C0035168
27986757	853	860	cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	871	883	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27986757	894	906	interrupting	T080	C0443239
27986757	911	956	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	T116,T192	C0378796
27986757	959	988	phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase	T116,T126	C0044602
27986757	991	1002	Akt pathway	T044	C1515844
27986757	1008	1028	serum concentrations	T081	C0683149
27986757	1032	1046	homocitrulline	T116,T123	C0062931
27986757	1050	1056	marker	T201	C0005516
27986757	1060	1067	cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	1068	1076	exposure	T080	C0332157
27986757	1101	1109	patients	T101	C0030705
27986757	1115	1128	stable angina	T047	C0340288
27986757	1133	1156	chronic total occlusion	T047	C1955779
27986757	1158	1173	Consistent with	T078	C0332290
27986757	1178	1197	antiangiogenic role	T039	C3179230
27986757	1201	1208	cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	1210	1231	homocitrulline levels	T059	C0523699
27986757	1237	1246	increased	T081	C0205217
27986757	1250	1258	patients	T101	C0030705
27986757	1264	1268	poor	T080	C2700379
27986757	1269	1295	coronary collateralization	T042	C1820269
27986757	1303	1311	compared	T052	C1707455
27986757	1328	1332	high	T080	C0205250
27986757	1333	1350	collateralization	T082	C1948058
27986757	1418	1426	elevated	T080	C3163633
27986757	1427	1441	homocitrulline	T116,T123	C0062931
27986757	1442	1455	concentration	T081	C1446561
27986757	1462	1478	strong predictor	T078	C2698872
27986757	1482	1486	poor	T080	C2700379
27986757	1487	1513	coronary collateral growth	T042	C1820269
27986757	1515	1523	Impaired	T169	C0221099
27986757	1524	1536	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
27986757	1537	1544	induced	T169	C0205263
27986757	1548	1555	cyanate	T109,T131	C0302938
27986757	1576	1580	poor	T080	C2700379
27986757	1581	1607	coronary collateral growth	T042	C1820269

27986797|t|Growth differentiation factor 15 is a myomitokine governing systemic energy homeostasis
27986797|a|Reduced mitochondrial electron transport chain activity promotes longevity and improves energy homeostasis via cell-autonomous and - non-autonomous factors in multiple model systems. This mitohormetic effect is thought to involve the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR(mt)), an adaptive stress-response pathway activated by mitochondrial proteotoxic stress. Using mice with skeletal muscle-specific deficiency of Crif1 (muscle-specific knockout [MKO]), an integral protein of the large mitoribosomal subunit (39S), we identified growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a UPR(mt) -associated cell-non-autonomous myomitokine that regulates systemic energy homeostasis. MKO mice were protected against obesity and sensitized to insulin, an effect associated with elevated GDF15 secretion after UPR(mt) activation. In ob/ob mice, administration of recombinant GDF15 decreased body weight and improved insulin sensitivity, which was attributed to elevated oxidative metabolism and lipid mobilization in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Thus, GDF15 is a potent mitohormetic signal that safeguards against the onset of obesity and insulin resistance.
27986797	0	32	Growth differentiation factor 15	T116,T123	C0668195
27986797	38	49	myomitokine	T123	C0574031
27986797	50	87	governing systemic energy homeostasis	T039	C3157768
27986797	88	95	Reduced	T080	C0392756
27986797	96	134	mitochondrial electron transport chain	T026	C1325653
27986797	135	143	activity	T052	C0441655
27986797	144	152	promotes	T052	C0033414
27986797	153	162	longevity	T079	C0023980
27986797	167	175	improves	T033	C0184511
27986797	176	194	energy homeostasis	T038	C3157043
27986797	199	214	cell-autonomous	T043	C0007613
27986797	221	243	non-autonomous factors	T043	C0007613
27986797	247	269	multiple model systems	T075	C0026339
27986797	276	288	mitohormetic	T040	C3178757
27986797	289	295	effect	T080	C1280500
27986797	322	361	mitochondrial unfolded protein response	T044	C2612628
27986797	363	370	UPR(mt)	T044	C2612628
27986797	376	400	adaptive stress-response	T039	C0149784
27986797	401	408	pathway	T077	C1705987
27986797	409	418	activated	T052	C1879547
27986797	422	435	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
27986797	436	454	proteotoxic stress	T046	C0449430
27986797	462	466	mice	T015	C0025929
27986797	472	496	skeletal muscle-specific	T024	C0242692
27986797	497	507	deficiency	T169	C0011155
27986797	511	516	Crif1	T116,T123	C2352141
27986797	518	533	muscle-specific	T024	C0026845
27986797	534	542	knockout	T015	C0206745
27986797	544	547	MKO	T015	C0206745
27986797	554	570	integral protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27986797	578	605	large mitoribosomal subunit	T026	C1166894
27986797	607	610	39S	T026	C2611782
27986797	627	659	growth differentiation factor 15	T116,T123	C0668195
27986797	661	666	GDF15	T116,T123	C0668195
27986797	673	680	UPR(mt)	T044	C2612628
27986797	693	712	cell-non-autonomous	T043	C0007613
27986797	713	724	myomitokine	T123	C0574031
27986797	730	767	regulates systemic energy homeostasis	T039	C3157768
27986797	769	777	MKO mice	T015	C0206745
27986797	783	792	protected	T033	C1545588
27986797	801	808	obesity	T047	C0028754
27986797	813	823	sensitized	T040	C1325847
27986797	827	834	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
27986797	846	861	associated with	T080	C0332281
27986797	862	870	elevated	T080	C3163633
27986797	871	876	GDF15	T116,T123	C0668195
27986797	877	886	secretion	T043	C1159339
27986797	893	900	UPR(mt)	T044	C2612628
27986797	901	911	activation	T052	C1879547
27986797	916	926	ob/ob mice	T015	C0206745
27986797	946	957	recombinant	T116	C0034861
27986797	958	963	GDF15	T116,T123	C0668195
27986797	964	973	decreased	T081	C0205216
27986797	974	985	body weight	T032	C0005910
27986797	990	998	improved	T033	C0184511
27986797	999	1018	insulin sensitivity	T046	C0920563
27986797	1044	1052	elevated	T080	C3163633
27986797	1053	1073	oxidative metabolism	T043	C0282636
27986797	1078	1096	lipid mobilization	T042	C0023773
27986797	1104	1109	liver	T023	C0023884
27986797	1111	1117	muscle	T024	C0026845
27986797	1123	1137	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
27986797	1145	1150	GDF15	T116,T123	C0668195
27986797	1156	1162	potent	T080	C3245505
27986797	1163	1175	mitohormetic	T040	C3178757
27986797	1176	1182	signal	T038	C3537152
27986797	1211	1227	onset of obesity	T033	C0243095
27986797	1232	1250	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655

27987038|t|Efficient genome editing of differentiated renal epithelial cells
27987038|a|Recent advances in genome editing technologies have enabled the rapid and precise manipulation of genomes, including the targeted introduction, alteration, and removal of genomic sequences. However, respective methods have been described mainly in non-differentiated or haploid cell types. Genome editing of well-differentiated renal epithelial cells has been hampered by a range of technological issues, including optimal design, efficient expression of multiple genome editing constructs, attainable mutation rates, and best screening strategies. Here, we present an easily implementable workflow for the rapid generation of targeted heterozygous and homozygous genomic sequence alterations in renal cells using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system. We demonstrate the versatility of established protocols by generating novel cellular models for studying autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Furthermore, we show that cell culture-validated genetic modifications can be readily applied to mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) for the generation of corresponding mouse models. The described procedure for efficient genome editing can be applied to any cell type to study physiological and pathophysiological functions in the context of precisely engineered genotypes.
27987038	10	24	genome editing	T063	C4279981
27987038	28	42	differentiated	T080	C0205615
27987038	43	48	renal	T023	C0022646
27987038	49	65	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27987038	85	112	genome editing technologies	T063	C4279981
27987038	148	171	manipulation of genomes	T063	C0178659
27987038	187	208	targeted introduction	T063	C4279981
27987038	210	220	alteration	T063	C4279981
27987038	226	254	removal of genomic sequences	T063	C4279981
27987038	276	283	methods	T170	C0025663
27987038	314	332	non-differentiated	T170	C0449475
27987038	336	343	haploid	T025	C1257912
27987038	344	354	cell types	T170	C0449475
27987038	356	370	Genome editing	T063	C4279981
27987038	374	393	well-differentiated	T080	C0205615
27987038	394	399	renal	T023	C0022646
27987038	400	416	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
27987038	449	469	technological issues	T033	C0033213
27987038	481	488	optimal	T080	C2698651
27987038	489	495	design	T052	C1707689
27987038	497	506	efficient	T080	C0442799
27987038	507	555	expression of multiple genome editing constructs	T063	C4279981
27987038	557	567	attainable	T080	C0205556
27987038	568	582	mutation rates	T080	C3178846
27987038	593	613	screening strategies	T170	C0282574
27987038	656	664	workflow	T077	C1710679
27987038	673	678	rapid	T080	C0456962
27987038	679	758	generation of targeted heterozygous and homozygous genomic sequence alterations	T063	C4279981
27987038	762	767	renal	T023	C0022646
27987038	768	773	cells	T025	C0007634
27987038	780	827	transcription activator-like effector nucleases	T116,T126	C4277678
27987038	829	835	TALENs	T116,T126	C4277678
27987038	845	917	clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) system	T114	C3658200
27987038	965	974	protocols	T170	C0442711
27987038	978	988	generating	T052	C3146294
27987038	989	994	novel	T080	C0205314
27987038	995	1010	cellular models	T075	C0026336
27987038	1015	1023	studying	T062	C2603343
27987038	1024	1068	autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease	T019,T047	C0085413
27987038	1070	1075	ADPKD	T019,T047	C0085413
27987038	1104	1148	cell culture-validated genetic modifications	T063	C4277689
27987038	1175	1201	mouse embryonic stem cells	T025	C4042879
27987038	1203	1208	mESCs	T025	C4042879
27987038	1218	1228	generation	T052	C3146294
27987038	1246	1251	mouse	T015	C0025929
27987038	1252	1258	models	T008	C0599779
27987038	1274	1283	procedure	T169	C2700391
27987038	1298	1312	genome editing	T063	C4279981
27987038	1335	1344	cell type	T170	C0449475
27987038	1348	1353	study	T062	C2603343
27987038	1354	1367	physiological	T039	C0031845
27987038	1372	1400	pathophysiological functions	T046	C0030660
27987038	1429	1449	engineered genotypes	T028	C1516876

27987144|t|RNActive® Technology: Generation and Testing of Stable and Immunogenic mRNA Vaccines
27987144|a|Developing effective mRNA vaccines poses certain challenges concerning mRNA stability and ability to induce sufficient immune stimulation and requires a specific panel of techniques for production and testing. Here, we describe the production of stabilized mRNA with enhanced immunogenicity, generated using conventional nucleotides only, by introducing changes to the mRNA sequence and by complexation with the nucleotide-binding peptide protamine (RNActive® technology). Methods described here include the synthesis, purification, and protamine complexation of mRNA vaccines as well as a comprehensive panel of in vitro and in vivo methods for evaluation of vaccine quality and immunogenicity.
27987144	0	20	RNActive® Technology	T170	C0282574
27987144	22	32	Generation	T169	C1519894
27987144	37	44	Testing	T062	C1171370
27987144	48	54	Stable	T081	C3661475
27987144	59	70	Immunogenic	T129	C0003320
27987144	71	75	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27987144	76	84	Vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27987144	96	105	effective	T080	C1704419
27987144	106	110	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27987144	111	119	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27987144	156	170	mRNA stability	T080	C1257757
27987144	186	192	induce	T169	C0205263
27987144	204	222	immune stimulation	T039	C2256030
27987144	271	281	production	T169	C1519894
27987144	286	293	testing	T062	C1171370
27987144	317	327	production	T045	C1622984
27987144	342	346	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27987144	361	375	immunogenicity	T038	C3714634
27987144	406	417	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
27987144	454	467	mRNA sequence	T086	C0162327
27987144	475	487	complexation	T080	C0439855
27987144	497	533	nucleotide-binding peptide protamine	T116,T121,T123	C0033603
27987144	593	602	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27987144	604	616	purification	T169	C1998793
27987144	622	631	protamine	T116,T121,T123	C0033603
27987144	632	644	complexation	T080	C0439855
27987144	648	652	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
27987144	653	661	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27987144	698	706	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27987144	711	718	in vivo	T082	C1515655
27987144	731	741	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27987144	745	752	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
27987144	753	760	quality	T080	C0332306
27987144	765	779	immunogenicity	T038	C4277607

27987651|t|Multifunctional theranostic Pluronic mixed micelles improve targeted photoactivity of Verteporfin in cancer cells
27987651|a|Nanotechnology development provides new strategies to treat cancer by integration of different treatment modalities in a single multifunctional nanoparticle. In this scenario, we applied the multifunctional Pluronic P123 / F127 mixed micelles for Verteporfin -mediated photodynamic therapy in PC3 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Micelles functionalization aimed the targeted delivery by the insertion of biotin moiety on micelle surface and fluorescence image -based through rhodamine-B dye conjugation in the polymer chains. Multifunctional Pluronics formed spherical nanoparticulated micelles that efficiently encapsulated the photosensitizer Verteporfin maintaining its favorable photophysical properties. Lyophilized formulations were stable at least for 6 months and readily reconstituted in aqueous media. The multifunctional micelles were stable in protein -rich media due to the dual Pluronic mixed micelles characteristic: high drug loading capacity provided by its micellar core and high kinetic stability due its biocompatible shell. Biotin surface functionalized micelles showed higher internalization rates due biotin -mediated endocytosis, as demonstrated by competitive cellular uptake studies. Rhodamine B -tagged micelles allowed monitoring cellular uptake and intracellular distribution of the formulations. Confocal microscopy studies demonstrated a larger intracellular distribution of the formulation and photosensitizer, which could drive Verteporfin to act on multiple cell sites. Formulations were not toxic in the dark condition, but showed high Verteporfin -induced phototoxicity against both cancer cell lines at low drug and light doses. These results point Verteporfin -loaded multifunctional micelles as a promising tool to further developments in photodynamic therapy of cancer.
27987651	0	36	Multifunctional theranostic Pluronic	T109	C0032251
27987651	43	51	micelles	T109	C0025938
27987651	52	59	improve	T033	C0184511
27987651	69	82	photoactivity	T077	C2986527
27987651	86	97	Verteporfin	T109,T121	C0387288
27987651	101	113	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
27987651	114	128	Nanotechnology	T090	C0872323
27987651	129	140	development	T169	C1527148
27987651	168	173	treat	T169	C1522326
27987651	174	180	cancer	T191	C0006826
27987651	242	270	multifunctional nanoparticle	T073	C1450054
27987651	305	334	multifunctional Pluronic P123	T109	C1142890
27987651	337	341	F127	T109,T121	C0032253
27987651	348	356	micelles	T109	C0025938
27987651	361	372	Verteporfin	T109,T121	C0387288
27987651	383	403	photodynamic therapy	T061	C0031740
27987651	407	410	PC3	T025	C0007634
27987651	415	433	MCF-7 cancer cells	T025	C0596890
27987651	435	443	Micelles	T109	C0025938
27987651	472	489	targeted delivery	T061	C2985566
27987651	510	516	biotin	T109,T121,T127	C0005575
27987651	527	534	micelle	T109	C0025938
27987651	535	542	surface	T082	C0205148
27987651	547	565	fluorescence image	T060	C0430876
27987651	581	596	rhodamine-B dye	T109,T130	C0073194
27987651	616	630	polymer chains	T104,T122	C0032521
27987651	632	657	Multifunctional Pluronics	T109	C0032251
27987651	665	674	spherical	T082	C0332501
27987651	675	700	nanoparticulated micelles	T109	C0025938
27987651	718	730	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
27987651	735	750	photosensitizer	T121	C0162713
27987651	751	762	Verteporfin	T109,T121	C0387288
27987651	789	813	photophysical properties	T080	C0871161
27987651	815	839	Lyophilized formulations	T121	C1254351
27987651	845	851	stable	T080	C0205360
27987651	867	873	months	T079	C0439231
27987651	903	910	aqueous	T080	C0599956
27987651	911	916	media	T167	C1705217
27987651	922	946	multifunctional micelles	T109	C0025938
27987651	952	958	stable	T080	C0205360
27987651	962	969	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27987651	976	981	media	T167	C1705217
27987651	998	1006	Pluronic	T109	C0032251
27987651	1013	1021	micelles	T109	C0025938
27987651	1043	1064	drug loading capacity	T081	C1516240
27987651	1081	1094	micellar core	T082	C0444669
27987651	1104	1121	kinetic stability	T080	C0205360
27987651	1130	1149	biocompatible shell	T080	C1948022
27987651	1151	1157	Biotin	T109,T121,T127	C0005575
27987651	1158	1165	surface	T082	C0205148
27987651	1181	1189	micelles	T109	C0025938
27987651	1204	1225	internalization rates	T081	C1521828
27987651	1230	1236	biotin	T109,T121,T127	C0005575
27987651	1247	1258	endocytosis	T043	C0014139
27987651	1279	1306	competitive cellular uptake	T043	C3888108
27987651	1307	1314	studies	T062	C2603343
27987651	1316	1327	Rhodamine B	T109,T130	C0073194
27987651	1336	1344	micelles	T109	C0025938
27987651	1364	1379	cellular uptake	T043	C3888108
27987651	1384	1397	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27987651	1398	1410	distribution	T039	C1378698
27987651	1418	1430	formulations	T121	C1254351
27987651	1432	1451	Confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
27987651	1452	1459	studies	T062	C2603343
27987651	1482	1495	intracellular	T082	C0178719
27987651	1496	1508	distribution	T039	C1378698
27987651	1516	1527	formulation	T121	C1254351
27987651	1532	1547	photosensitizer	T121	C0162713
27987651	1567	1578	Verteporfin	T109,T121	C0387288
27987651	1589	1602	multiple cell	T025	C0007634
27987651	1603	1608	sites	T082	C0205145
27987651	1610	1622	Formulations	T121	C1254351
27987651	1645	1659	dark condition	T080	C0348080
27987651	1677	1688	Verteporfin	T109,T121	C0387288
27987651	1698	1711	phototoxicity	T047	C1527358
27987651	1725	1742	cancer cell lines	T025	C0334227
27987651	1746	1754	low drug	T081	C0678766
27987651	1759	1770	light doses	T081	C0178602
27987651	1778	1785	results	T169	C1274040
27987651	1792	1803	Verteporfin	T109,T121	C0387288
27987651	1812	1836	multifunctional micelles	T109	C0025938
27987651	1884	1904	photodynamic therapy	T061	C0031740
27987651	1908	1914	cancer	T191	C0006826

27987734|t|Bioactivity and electrochemical behavior of hydroxyapatite - silicon - multi walled carbon nano-tubes composite coatings synthesized by EPD on NiTi alloys in simulated body fluid
27987734|a|In order to improve the surface bioactivity of NiTi bone implant and corrosion resistance, hydroxyapatite coating with addition of 20wt% silicon, 1wt% multi walled carbon nano-tubes and both of them were deposited on a NiTi substrate using a cathodic electrophoretic method. The apatite formation ability was estimated using immersion test in the simulated body fluid for 10 days. The SEM images of the surface of coatings after immersion in simulated body fluid show that the presence of silicon in the hydroxyapatite coatings accelerates in vitro growth of apatite layer on the coatings. The Open-circuit potential and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were measured to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of the coatings in the simulated body fluid at 37°C. The results indicate that the compact structure of hydroxyapatite -20wt% silicon and hydroxyapatite -20wt% silicon -1wt% multi walled carbon nano-tubes coatings could efficiently increase the corrosion resistance of NiTi substrate.
27987734	0	11	Bioactivity	T169	C0205177
27987734	16	40	electrochemical behavior	T080	C0205556
27987734	44	58	hydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27987734	61	68	silicon	T196	C0037107
27987734	71	101	multi walled carbon nano-tubes	T104	C1138408
27987734	102	111	composite	T080	C0205199
27987734	112	120	coatings	T080	C1522408
27987734	136	139	EPD	T059	C2121079
27987734	143	147	NiTi	T122,T197	C0076736
27987734	148	154	alloys	T122,T197	C0002154
27987734	158	178	simulated body fluid	T031	C0005889
27987734	203	210	surface	T082	C0205148
27987734	211	222	bioactivity	T169	C0205177
27987734	226	230	NiTi	T122,T197	C0076736
27987734	231	243	bone implant	T074	C0021102
27987734	248	257	corrosion	T070	C0010106
27987734	258	268	resistance	T169	C4281815
27987734	270	284	hydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27987734	285	292	coating	T080	C1522408
27987734	316	323	silicon	T196	C0037107
27987734	330	360	multi walled carbon nano-tubes	T104	C1138408
27987734	383	392	deposited	T169	C0333562
27987734	398	402	NiTi	T122,T197	C0076736
27987734	403	412	substrate	T167	C3891814
27987734	421	452	cathodic electrophoretic method	T059	C2121079
27987734	458	465	apatite	T197	C0003522
27987734	466	475	formation	T169	C1522492
27987734	476	483	ability	T032	C0085732
27987734	504	518	immersion test	T059	C0022885
27987734	526	546	simulated body fluid	T031	C0005889
27987734	554	558	days	T079	C0439228
27987734	564	567	SEM	T059	C0026020
27987734	568	574	images	T170	C1704922
27987734	582	589	surface	T082	C0205148
27987734	593	601	coatings	T080	C1522408
27987734	608	617	immersion	T059	C0022885
27987734	621	641	simulated body fluid	T031	C0005889
27987734	668	675	silicon	T196	C0037107
27987734	683	697	hydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27987734	698	706	coatings	T080	C1522408
27987734	719	727	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27987734	728	734	growth	T067	C2911660
27987734	738	745	apatite	T197	C0003522
27987734	759	767	coatings	T080	C1522408
27987734	773	795	Open-circuit potential	T080	C3245505
27987734	800	838	electrochemical impedance spectroscopy	T059	C2936361
27987734	869	893	electrochemical behavior	T080	C0205556
27987734	901	909	coatings	T080	C1522408
27987734	917	937	simulated body fluid	T031	C0005889
27987734	951	958	results	T169	C1274040
27987734	977	994	compact structure	T082	C0678594
27987734	998	1012	hydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27987734	1020	1027	silicon	T196	C0037107
27987734	1032	1046	hydroxyapatite	T197	C0020326
27987734	1054	1061	silicon	T196	C0037107
27987734	1068	1098	multi walled carbon nano-tubes	T104	C1138408
27987734	1099	1107	coatings	T080	C1522408
27987734	1139	1148	corrosion	T070	C0010106
27987734	1149	1159	resistance	T169	C4281815
27987734	1163	1167	NiTi	T122,T197	C0076736
27987734	1168	1177	substrate	T167	C3891814

27987927|t|Synthesis and characterization of acetylated amylose and development of inclusion complexes with rifampicin
27987927|a|Amylose (AM) tends to form single helical inclusion complexes with suitable agents. These complexes are considered promising biomaterial carrier since the guest molecules can be released later, leading to many applications, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Rifampicin (RIF) has long been recognized as an active drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, however, the administration of RIF in high dosages can originate unwanted side-effects. Due to the fact that the use of native amylose (AM) in the formation of complexes is limited by their low water solubility, it was acetylated with a medium degree of substitution (DS), allowing solubilizing (0.5gL(-1)) acetylated amylose (AMA) in water at neutral pH, in opposition to that observed with native amylose (trace solubility). The resulting acetylated amylose was characterized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). FT-IR results indicated that the acetylation of anhydroglucose units of amylose corresponds to a low DS, whereas SEM results suggested that the smooth surfaces of amylose granules were changed into rougher surfaces after acetylation. Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis) analysis confirmed the formation and allowed the quantification of both native (AM - RIF) and acetylated (AMA - RIF) amylose inclusion complexes. Their characterization in solution was performed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential (ZP) measurements. The average size of inclusion complexes as determined by DLS, ranged between 70 and 100nm. Besides, ZP analysis showed that both complexes are more stable in the presence of RIF. This study may lead to the development of an effective method for the preparation of amylose inclusion complexes, which is beneficial to their further application in drug delivery systems.
27987927	0	9	Synthesis	T052	C1883254
27987927	14	30	characterization	T052	C1880022
27987927	34	52	acetylated amylose	T109	C0002732
27987927	57	68	development	T169	C1527148
27987927	72	91	inclusion complexes	T104	C1254350
27987927	97	107	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27987927	108	115	Amylose	T109	C0002732
27987927	117	119	AM	T109	C0002732
27987927	150	169	inclusion complexes	T104	C1254350
27987927	184	190	agents	T120	C0450442
27987927	198	207	complexes	T104	C1704241
27987927	212	222	considered	T078	C0750591
27987927	233	244	biomaterial	T122	C0005479
27987927	263	278	guest molecules	T167	C0567416
27987927	286	294	released	T169	C0391871
27987927	295	300	later	T079	C0205087
27987927	318	330	applications	T169	C0205245
27987927	350	373	pharmaceutical industry	T093	C0013185
27987927	375	385	Rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27987927	387	390	RIF	T109,T195	C0035608
27987927	423	429	active	T169	C0205177
27987927	430	434	drug	T121	C1254351
27987927	443	469	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27987927	484	498	administration	T061	C1533734
27987927	502	505	RIF	T109,T195	C0035608
27987927	514	521	dosages	T081	C0178602
27987927	545	557	side-effects	T169	C0001688
27987927	591	597	native	T169	C0302891
27987927	598	605	amylose	T109	C0002732
27987927	607	609	AM	T109	C0002732
27987927	618	627	formation	T169	C1522492
27987927	631	640	complexes	T104	C1704241
27987927	665	681	water solubility	T081	C0597682
27987927	715	721	degree	T081	C0449286
27987927	725	737	substitution	T052	C1706204
27987927	739	741	DS	T052	C1706204
27987927	753	765	solubilizing	T080	C0037628
27987927	778	796	acetylated amylose	T109	C0002732
27987927	798	801	AMA	T109	C0002732
27987927	806	811	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27987927	815	825	neutral pH	T080	C1882074
27987927	849	857	observed	T169	C1441672
27987927	863	869	native	T169	C0302891
27987927	870	877	amylose	T109	C0002732
27987927	879	884	trace	T081	C0442822
27987927	885	895	solubility	T080	C0037628
27987927	912	930	acetylated amylose	T109	C0002732
27987927	935	948	characterized	T052	C1880022
27987927	961	1008	Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
27987927	1013	1041	Scanning Electron Microscopy	T059	C0026020
27987927	1043	1046	SEM	T059	C0026020
27987927	1049	1054	FT-IR	T062	C0206055
27987927	1055	1062	results	T169	C1274040
27987927	1063	1072	indicated	T033	C1444656
27987927	1082	1093	acetylation	T044	C0001038
27987927	1097	1111	anhydroglucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
27987927	1112	1117	units	T081	C0439148
27987927	1121	1128	amylose	T109	C0002732
27987927	1146	1149	low	T080	C0205251
27987927	1150	1152	DS	T052	C1706204
27987927	1162	1165	SEM	T059	C0026020
27987927	1166	1173	results	T169	C1274040
27987927	1193	1208	smooth surfaces	T082	C0205148
27987927	1212	1219	amylose	T109	C0002732
27987927	1220	1228	granules	T167	C3853628
27987927	1234	1241	changed	T169	C0392747
27987927	1255	1263	surfaces	T082	C0205148
27987927	1270	1281	acetylation	T044	C0001038
27987927	1283	1318	Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy	T059	C0260250
27987927	1320	1326	UV-vis	T059	C0260250
27987927	1328	1336	analysis	T062	C0936012
27987927	1337	1346	confirmed	T080	C0521093
27987927	1351	1360	formation	T169	C1522492
27987927	1377	1391	quantification	T081	C1709793
27987927	1400	1406	native	T169	C0302891
27987927	1408	1410	AM	T109	C0002732
27987927	1413	1416	RIF	T109,T195	C0035608
27987927	1434	1437	AMA	T109	C0002732
27987927	1440	1443	RIF	T109,T195	C0035608
27987927	1445	1452	amylose	T109	C0002732
27987927	1453	1472	inclusion complexes	T104	C1254350
27987927	1480	1496	characterization	T052	C1880022
27987927	1500	1508	solution	T167	C0037633
27987927	1513	1522	performed	T169	C0884358
27987927	1526	1550	dynamic light scattering	T059	C1882368
27987927	1552	1555	DLS	T059	C1882368
27987927	1561	1575	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
27987927	1577	1579	ZP	T067	C0597697
27987927	1581	1593	measurements	T169	C0242485
27987927	1599	1611	average size	T082	C0456389
27987927	1615	1634	inclusion complexes	T104	C1254350
27987927	1638	1651	determined by	T080	C0521095
27987927	1652	1655	DLS	T059	C1882368
27987927	1657	1663	ranged	T081	C1514721
27987927	1695	1697	ZP	T067	C0597697
27987927	1698	1706	analysis	T062	C0936012
27987927	1724	1733	complexes	T104	C1704241
27987927	1743	1749	stable	T080	C0205360
27987927	1757	1765	presence	T033	C0150312
27987927	1769	1772	RIF	T109,T195	C0035608
27987927	1801	1812	development	T169	C1527148
27987927	1819	1828	effective	T080	C1704419
27987927	1844	1855	preparation	T052	C1521827
27987927	1859	1866	amylose	T109	C0002732
27987927	1867	1886	inclusion complexes	T104	C1254350
27987927	1917	1924	further	T082	C1517331
27987927	1925	1936	application	T169	C0205245
27987927	1940	1961	drug delivery systems	T074	C0085104

27988278|t|Right Ventricular Response During Exercise in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
27988278|a|Right ventricular (RV) pump function is of essential clinical and prognostic importance in a variety of heart and lung diseases. While the evaluation of RV performance at rest has been implemented in the clinical setting, it is unknown whether this assessment during exercise may provide additional benefit. With this aim, we evaluated the exercise - induced pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) increase during exercise in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as an expression of RV contractile reserve. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) with synchronic echocardiography was performed in 81 patients. Patients were classified into two groups according to an exercise - induced PASP increase above 30mmHg (High PSAP) or below 30mmHg (Low PSAP) during maximal exercise. Patients were then followed for three years. Sixteen patients (20%) had low PSAP and 65 (80%) showed high PSAP. These were not significant clinical and functional differences. Low PSAP was associated with a significantly lower peak VO2 (mean (SD), 35 (2) % predicted) compared to high PSAP response (peak VO2 45 (3) % predicted), p=0.045. Factors associated with mortality were age and exercise - induced PASP. Seventeen patients died during the three years of follow-up (7 (39%) in the low PSAP group and only 10 (1%) in the high PSAP group, p=0.041). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing with a synchronic echocardiography may be a useful tool for the assessment of RV contractile reserve in severe COPD patients. Exercise - induced PSAP emerges as a possible prognostic factor in these patients.
27988278	0	17	Right Ventricular	T023	C0225883
27988278	18	26	Response	T032	C0871261
27988278	27	33	During	T079	C0347984
27988278	34	42	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27988278	46	54	Patients	T101	C0030705
27988278	60	97	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	T047	C0024117
27988278	98	115	Right ventricular	T023	C0225883
27988278	117	119	RV	T023	C0225883
27988278	121	134	pump function	T042	C0080311
27988278	141	150	essential	T080	C0205224
27988278	151	159	clinical	T080	C0205210
27988278	164	174	prognostic	T170	C0220901
27988278	175	185	importance	T080	C3898777
27988278	191	198	variety	T077	C2346866
27988278	202	207	heart	T047	C0018799
27988278	212	225	lung diseases	T047	C0024115
27988278	237	247	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27988278	251	253	RV	T023	C0225883
27988278	254	265	performance	T052	C1882330
27988278	269	273	rest	T056	C0035253
27988278	302	318	clinical setting	T082	C3176918
27988278	347	357	assessment	T058	C0220825
27988278	358	364	during	T079	C0347984
27988278	365	373	exercise	T056	C0015259
27988278	386	396	additional	T169	C1524062
27988278	397	404	benefit	T081	C0814225
27988278	416	419	aim	T078	C1947946
27988278	424	433	evaluated	T058	C0220825
27988278	438	446	exercise	T056	C0015259
27988278	449	456	induced	T169	C0205263
27988278	457	493	pulmonary arterial systolic pressure	T060	C1168444
27988278	495	499	PASP	T060	C1168444
27988278	501	509	increase	T169	C0442805
27988278	510	516	during	T079	C0347984
27988278	517	525	exercise	T056	C0015259
27988278	529	537	patients	T101	C0030705
27988278	543	549	severe	T080	C0392364
27988278	550	587	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
27988278	589	593	COPD	T047	C0024117
27988278	615	617	RV	T023	C0225883
27988278	618	637	contractile reserve	T081	C0392762
27988278	639	671	Cardiopulmonary exercise testing	T060	C2959886
27988278	673	677	CPET	T060	C2959886
27988278	684	711	synchronic echocardiography	T060	C0013516
27988278	716	725	performed	T169	C0884358
27988278	732	740	patients	T101	C0030705
27988278	742	750	Patients	T101	C0030705
27988278	756	766	classified	T185	C0008902
27988278	776	782	groups	T078	C0441833
27988278	799	807	exercise	T056	C0015259
27988278	810	817	induced	T169	C0205263
27988278	818	822	PASP	T060	C1168444
27988278	823	831	increase	T169	C0442805
27988278	846	850	High	T080	C0205250
27988278	851	855	PSAP	T060	C1168444
27988278	874	877	Low	T080	C0205251
27988278	878	882	PSAP	T060	C1168444
27988278	884	890	during	T079	C0347984
27988278	891	898	maximal	T080	C0205289
27988278	899	907	exercise	T056	C0015259
27988278	909	917	Patients	T101	C0030705
27988278	928	936	followed	T079	C0332282
27988278	947	952	years	T079	C0439234
27988278	962	970	patients	T101	C0030705
27988278	981	984	low	T080	C0205251
27988278	985	989	PSAP	T060	C1168444
27988278	1010	1014	high	T080	C0205250
27988278	1015	1019	PSAP	T060	C1168444
27988278	1032	1047	not significant	T033	C1273937
27988278	1048	1056	clinical	T080	C0205210
27988278	1061	1071	functional	T169	C0205245
27988278	1072	1083	differences	T081	C1705241
27988278	1085	1088	Low	T080	C0205251
27988278	1089	1093	PSAP	T060	C1168444
27988278	1098	1113	associated with	T080	C0332281
27988278	1116	1135	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
27988278	1136	1140	peak	T080	C0444505
27988278	1141	1144	VO2	T033	C0429627
27988278	1146	1150	mean	T081	C0444504
27988278	1152	1154	SD	T081	C0871420
27988278	1166	1175	predicted	T078	C0681842
27988278	1177	1185	compared	T052	C1707455
27988278	1189	1193	high	T080	C0205250
27988278	1194	1198	PSAP	T060	C1168444
27988278	1199	1207	response	T032	C0871261
27988278	1209	1213	peak	T080	C0444505
27988278	1214	1217	VO2	T033	C0429627
27988278	1227	1236	predicted	T078	C0681842
27988278	1248	1255	Factors	T169	C1521761
27988278	1256	1271	associated with	T080	C0332281
27988278	1272	1281	mortality	T081	C0178686
27988278	1287	1290	age	T032	C0001779
27988278	1295	1303	exercise	T056	C0015259
27988278	1306	1313	induced	T169	C0205263
27988278	1314	1318	PASP	T060	C1168444
27988278	1330	1338	patients	T101	C0030705
27988278	1344	1350	during	T079	C0347984
27988278	1361	1366	years	T079	C0439234
27988278	1370	1379	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27988278	1396	1399	low	T080	C0205251
27988278	1400	1404	PSAP	T060	C1168444
27988278	1405	1410	group	T078	C0441833
27988278	1435	1439	high	T080	C0205250
27988278	1440	1444	PSAP	T060	C1168444
27988278	1445	1450	group	T078	C0441833
27988278	1462	1494	Cardiopulmonary exercise testing	T060	C2959886
27988278	1502	1529	synchronic echocardiography	T060	C0013516
27988278	1559	1569	assessment	T058	C0220825
27988278	1573	1575	RV	T023	C0225883
27988278	1576	1595	contractile reserve	T081	C0392762
27988278	1599	1605	severe	T080	C0392364
27988278	1606	1610	COPD	T047	C0024117
27988278	1611	1619	patients	T101	C0030705
27988278	1621	1629	Exercise	T056	C0015259
27988278	1632	1639	induced	T169	C0205263
27988278	1640	1644	PSAP	T060	C1168444
27988278	1667	1684	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
27988278	1694	1702	patients	T101	C0030705

27988342|t|Prognostic factors in patients with spinal metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
27988342|a|Incidence of symptomatic spinal metastasis has increased owing to improvement in treatment of the disease. One of the key factors that influences decision-making is expected patient survival. To our knowledge, no systematic reviews or meta-analysis have been conducted that review independent prognostic factors in spinal metastases. This study aimed to determine independent prognostic factors that affect outcome in patients with metastatic spine disease. This is a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of publications for prognostic factors in spinal metastatic disease. Pooled patient results from cohort and observational studies. Meta-analysis for poor prognostic factors as determined by hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidential interval (95% CI). We systematically searched relevant publications in PubMed and Embase. The following search terms were used: ("' spinal metastases '" OR "' vertebral metastases '" OR " spinal metastasis " OR ' vertebral metastases ') AND ('" prognostic factors "' OR "' survival '"). Inclusion criteria were prospective and retrospective cohort series that report HR and 95% CI of independent prognostic factors from multivariate analysis. Two reviewers independently assessed all papers. The quality of included papers was assessed by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort studies and publication bias was assessed by using funnel plot, Begg test, and Egger test. The prognostic factors that were mentioned in at least three publications were pooled. Meta-analysis was performed using HR and 95% CI as the primary outcomes of interest. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I(2) method. A total of 3,959 abstracts (1,382 from PubMed and 2,577 from Embase) were identified through database search and 40 publications were identified through review of cited publications. The reviewers selected a total of 51 studies for qualitative synthesis and 43 studies for meta-analysis. Seventeen poor prognostic factors were identified. These included presence of a neurologic deficit before surgery, non-ambulatory status before radiotherapy (RT), non-ambulatory status before surgery, presence of bone metastases, presence of multiple bone metastases (>2 sites), presence of multiple spinal metastases (>3 sites), development of motor deficit in <7 days before initiating RT, development of motor deficit in <14 days before initiating RT, time interval from cancer diagnosis to RT <15 months, Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) 10-40, KPS 50-70, KPS <70, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) grade 3-4, male gender, presence of visceral metastases, moderate growth tumor on Tomita score (TS) classification, and rapid growth tumor on TS classification. Seventeen independent poor prognostic factors were identified in this study. These can be categorized into cancer - specific and nonspecific prognostic factors. A tumor -based prognostic scoring system that combines all specific and general factors may enhance the accuracy of survival prediction in patients with metastatic spine disease.
27988342	0	18	Prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	22	30	patients	T101	C0030705
27988342	36	53	spinal metastasis	T191	C0347016
27988342	57	74	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27988342	79	92	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27988342	93	102	Incidence	T169	C0220856
27988342	106	117	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
27988342	118	135	spinal metastasis	T191	C0347016
27988342	140	149	increased	T081	C0205217
27988342	159	170	improvement	T077	C2986411
27988342	174	183	treatment	T169	C1522326
27988342	191	198	disease	T047	C0012634
27988342	215	222	factors	T169	C1521761
27988342	228	238	influences	T077	C4054723
27988342	239	254	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27988342	267	274	patient	T101	C0030705
27988342	275	283	survival	T169	C0220921
27988342	306	324	systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
27988342	328	341	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27988342	367	373	review	T169	C0699752
27988342	374	385	independent	T078	C0085862
27988342	386	404	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	408	425	spinal metastases	T191	C0347016
27988342	432	437	study	T062	C0008972
27988342	457	468	independent	T078	C0085862
27988342	469	487	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	500	507	outcome	T080	C0085415
27988342	511	519	patients	T101	C0030705
27988342	525	549	metastatic spine disease	T191	C0347016
27988342	561	571	systematic	T169	C0220922
27988342	572	589	literature review	T170	C0282441
27988342	594	607	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27988342	628	646	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	650	675	spinal metastatic disease	T191	C0347016
27988342	677	683	Pooled	T169	C2349200
27988342	684	691	patient	T101	C0030705
27988342	705	711	cohort	T081	C0009247
27988342	716	737	observational studies	T062	C1518527
27988342	739	752	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27988342	762	780	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	798	810	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
27988342	812	814	HR	T081	C2985465
27988342	824	845	confidential interval	T081	C0009667
27988342	851	853	CI	T081	C0009667
27988342	859	873	systematically	T169	C0220922
27988342	883	891	relevant	T080	C2347946
27988342	892	904	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
27988342	908	914	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27988342	919	925	Embase	T170	C0282574
27988342	969	986	spinal metastases	T191	C0347016
27988342	996	1016	vertebral metastases	T191	C0347016
27988342	1025	1042	spinal metastasis	T191	C0347016
27988342	1050	1070	vertebral metastases	T191	C0347016
27988342	1082	1100	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	1110	1118	survival	T169	C0220921
27988342	1124	1142	Inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
27988342	1148	1159	prospective	T080	C0205556
27988342	1164	1177	retrospective	T080	C1514923
27988342	1178	1191	cohort series	T081	C0009247
27988342	1204	1206	HR	T081	C2985465
27988342	1215	1217	CI	T081	C0009667
27988342	1221	1232	independent	T078	C0085862
27988342	1233	1251	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	1257	1278	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27988342	1284	1293	reviewers	T098	C1882950
27988342	1294	1307	independently	T078	C0085862
27988342	1308	1316	assessed	T052	C1516048
27988342	1333	1340	quality	T080	C0332306
27988342	1364	1372	assessed	T052	C1516048
27988342	1382	1404	Newcastle-Ottawa Scale	T170	C0282574
27988342	1409	1423	cohort studies	T081	C0009247
27988342	1428	1439	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
27988342	1440	1444	bias	T078	C0242568
27988342	1449	1457	assessed	T052	C1516048
27988342	1467	1478	funnel plot	T170	C0237913
27988342	1480	1489	Begg test	T170	C0237913
27988342	1495	1505	Egger test	T170	C0237913
27988342	1511	1529	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	1568	1580	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
27988342	1586	1592	pooled	T169	C2349200
27988342	1594	1607	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27988342	1628	1630	HR	T081	C2985465
27988342	1639	1641	CI	T081	C0009667
27988342	1657	1665	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27988342	1679	1692	Heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27988342	1697	1705	assessed	T052	C1516048
27988342	1716	1727	I(2) method	T062	C0242481
27988342	1746	1755	abstracts	T170	C0600678
27988342	1768	1774	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27988342	1790	1796	Embase	T170	C0282574
27988342	1803	1813	identified	T080	C0205396
27988342	1822	1830	database	T170	C0242356
27988342	1845	1857	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
27988342	1863	1873	identified	T080	C0205396
27988342	1882	1888	review	T169	C0699752
27988342	1898	1910	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
27988342	1916	1925	reviewers	T098	C1882950
27988342	1961	1972	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27988342	1973	1982	synthesis	T052	C1883254
27988342	2002	2015	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27988342	2032	2050	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	2056	2066	identified	T080	C0205396
27988342	2083	2091	presence	T033	C0150312
27988342	2097	2115	neurologic deficit	T033	C0521654
27988342	2123	2130	surgery	T091	C1274039
27988342	2132	2146	non-ambulatory	T033	C0560046
27988342	2147	2153	status	T080	C0449438
27988342	2161	2173	radiotherapy	T061	C0085203
27988342	2175	2177	RT	T061	C0085203
27988342	2180	2194	non-ambulatory	T033	C0560046
27988342	2195	2201	status	T080	C0449438
27988342	2209	2216	surgery	T091	C1274039
27988342	2218	2226	presence	T033	C0150312
27988342	2230	2245	bone metastases	T191	C0153690
27988342	2247	2255	presence	T033	C0150312
27988342	2259	2267	multiple	T081	C0439064
27988342	2268	2283	bone metastases	T191	C0153690
27988342	2288	2293	sites	T029	C1515974
27988342	2296	2304	presence	T033	C0150312
27988342	2308	2316	multiple	T081	C0439064
27988342	2339	2344	sites	T029	C1515974
27988342	2347	2358	development	T039	C0243107
27988342	2362	2375	motor deficit	T033	C0521654
27988342	2382	2386	days	T079	C0439228
27988342	2405	2407	RT	T061	C0085203
27988342	2409	2420	development	T039	C0243107
27988342	2424	2437	motor deficit	T033	C0521654
27988342	2445	2449	days	T079	C0439228
27988342	2468	2470	RT	T061	C0085203
27988342	2472	2485	time interval	T079	C0872291
27988342	2491	2507	cancer diagnosis	T060	C0920688
27988342	2511	2513	RT	T061	C0085203
27988342	2518	2524	months	T079	C0439231
27988342	2526	2553	Karnofsky Performance Score	T170	C0282574
27988342	2555	2558	KPS	T170	C0282574
27988342	2567	2570	KPS	T170	C0282574
27988342	2578	2581	KPS	T170	C0282574
27988342	2587	2621	Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group	T093	C1512162
27988342	2623	2627	ECOG	T093	C1512162
27988342	2629	2638	grade 3-4	T185	C0441800
27988342	2640	2651	male gender	T032	C0086582
27988342	2653	2661	presence	T033	C0150312
27988342	2665	2673	visceral	T082	C0442045
27988342	2674	2684	metastases	T191	C0027627
27988342	2686	2694	moderate	T080	C0205081
27988342	2695	2701	growth	T040	C0018270
27988342	2702	2707	tumor	T191	C0027651
27988342	2711	2743	Tomita score (TS) classification	T170	C0282574
27988342	2749	2754	rapid	T080	C0456962
27988342	2755	2761	growth	T040	C0018270
27988342	2762	2767	tumor	T191	C0027651
27988342	2771	2788	TS classification	T170	C0282574
27988342	2800	2811	independent	T078	C0085862
27988342	2812	2816	poor	T080	C0542537
27988342	2817	2835	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	2841	2851	identified	T080	C0205396
27988342	2860	2865	study	T062	C0008972
27988342	2880	2891	categorized	T052	C0871968
27988342	2897	2903	cancer	T191	C0006826
27988342	2906	2914	specific	T080	C0205369
27988342	2919	2930	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
27988342	2931	2949	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
27988342	2953	2958	tumor	T191	C0027651
27988342	2966	2991	prognostic scoring system	T170	C0282574
27988342	3010	3018	specific	T080	C0205369
27988342	3031	3038	factors	T169	C1521761
27988342	3043	3050	enhance	T052	C2349975
27988342	3055	3063	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27988342	3067	3075	survival	T169	C0220921
27988342	3076	3086	prediction	T078	C0681842
27988342	3090	3098	patients	T101	C0030705
27988342	3104	3128	metastatic spine disease	T191	C0347016

27988640|t|Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: <i> Ocreatus </i>): evidence for species delimitation from morphology and display behavior
27988640|a|We analyzed geographic variation, biogeography, and intrageneric relationships of racket-tail hummingbirds Ocreatus (Aves, Trochilidae). Presently, the genus is usually considered monospecific, with O. underwoodii including eight subspecies (polystictus, discifer, underwoodii, incommodus, melanantherus, peruanus, annae, addae), although up to three species have been recognized by some authors. In order to evaluate the current taxonomy we studied geographic variation in coloration, mensural characters, and behavioral data of all Ocreatus taxa. We briefly review the taxonomic history of the genus. Applying the Biological Species Concept, species delimitation was based on a qualitative - quantitative criteria analysis including an evaluation of character states. Our results indicate that the genus should be considered a superspecies with four species, the monotypic Ocreatus addae, O. annae, and O. peruanus, and the polytypic O. underwoodii (including the subspecies underwoodii, discifer, incommodus, melanantherus, polystictus). In this taxonomic treatment, O. annae becomes an endemic species to Peru and O. addae is endemic to Bolivia. We recommend additional sampling of distributional, ethological, and molecular data for an improved resolution of the evolutionary history of Ocreatus.
27988640	0	12	Biogeography	T090	C2936603
27988640	17	25	taxonomy	T090	C0087066
27988640	29	53	racket-tail hummingbirds	T012	C0326127
27988640	55	59	Aves	T012	C0005595
27988640	61	72	Trochilidae	T012	C0326127
27988640	78	86	Ocreatus	T012	C1672325
27988640	94	102	evidence	T078	C3887511
27988640	107	114	species	T185	C1705920
27988640	115	127	delimitation	T169	C0449295
27988640	133	143	morphology	T080	C0332437
27988640	148	164	display behavior	T053	C0004935
27988640	168	176	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27988640	177	187	geographic	T082	C1517526
27988640	188	197	variation	T080	C0205419
27988640	199	211	biogeography	T090	C2936603
27988640	217	243	intrageneric relationships	T080	C0439849
27988640	247	271	racket-tail hummingbirds	T012	C0326127
27988640	272	280	Ocreatus	T012	C1672325
27988640	282	286	Aves	T012	C0005595
27988640	288	299	Trochilidae	T012	C0326127
27988640	317	322	genus	T185	C1708235
27988640	345	357	monospecific	T080	C0205369
27988640	364	378	O. underwoodii	T012	C1673578
27988640	395	405	subspecies	T185	C1883207
27988640	407	418	polystictus	T012	C3676164
27988640	420	428	discifer	T012	C3676167
27988640	430	441	underwoodii	T012	C1673578
27988640	443	453	incommodus	T012	C3676166
27988640	455	468	melanantherus	T012	C3676165
27988640	470	478	peruanus	T012	C3676163
27988640	480	485	annae	T012	C3676168
27988640	487	492	addae	T012	C3676169
27988640	516	523	species	T185	C1705920
27988640	553	560	authors	T097	C3812881
27988640	574	582	evaluate	T058	C0220825
27988640	587	594	current	T079	C0521116
27988640	595	603	taxonomy	T090	C0087066
27988640	607	614	studied	T062	C2603343
27988640	615	625	geographic	T082	C1517526
27988640	626	635	variation	T080	C0205419
27988640	639	649	coloration	T032	C0871647
27988640	651	659	mensural	T169	C1513040
27988640	660	670	characters	T080	C1521970
27988640	676	686	behavioral	T053	C0004935
27988640	687	691	data	T078	C1511726
27988640	699	707	Ocreatus	T012	C1672325
27988640	708	712	taxa	T185	C1709533
27988640	725	731	review	T170	C0282443
27988640	736	745	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
27988640	746	753	history	T090	C0019664
27988640	761	766	genus	T185	C1708235
27988640	768	776	Applying	T169	C4048755
27988640	781	791	Biological	T080	C0205460
27988640	792	799	Species	T185	C1705920
27988640	800	807	Concept	T078	C0178566
27988640	809	816	species	T185	C1705920
27988640	817	829	delimitation	T169	C0449295
27988640	845	856	qualitative	T080	C0205556
27988640	859	871	quantitative	T081	C0392762
27988640	872	880	criteria	T078	C0243161
27988640	881	889	analysis	T062	C0936012
27988640	903	913	evaluation	T058	C0220825
27988640	917	933	character states	T080	C1521970
27988640	939	946	results	T169	C1274040
27988640	965	970	genus	T185	C1708235
27988640	994	1006	superspecies	T185	C1705920
27988640	1017	1024	species	T185	C1705920
27988640	1040	1054	Ocreatus addae	T012	C3676169
27988640	1056	1064	O. annae	T012	C3676168
27988640	1070	1081	O. peruanus	T012	C3676163
27988640	1101	1115	O. underwoodii	T012	C1673578
27988640	1131	1141	subspecies	T185	C1883207
27988640	1142	1153	underwoodii	T012	C1673578
27988640	1155	1163	discifer	T012	C3676167
27988640	1165	1175	incommodus	T012	C3676166
27988640	1177	1190	melanantherus	T012	C3676165
27988640	1192	1203	polystictus	T012	C3676164
27988640	1214	1223	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
27988640	1224	1233	treatment	T169	C1522326
27988640	1235	1243	O. annae	T012	C3676168
27988640	1263	1270	species	T185	C1705920
27988640	1274	1278	Peru	T083	C0031238
27988640	1283	1291	O. addae	T012	C3676169
27988640	1306	1313	Bolivia	T083	C0005918
27988640	1318	1327	recommend	T078	C0034866
27988640	1339	1347	sampling	T060	C0441621
27988640	1351	1365	distributional	T169	C1704711
27988640	1367	1378	ethological	T090	C0015040
27988640	1384	1393	molecular	T080	C1521991
27988640	1394	1398	data	T078	C1511726
27988640	1406	1414	improved	T033	C0184511
27988640	1415	1425	resolution	T077	C2699488
27988640	1433	1445	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
27988640	1446	1453	history	T090	C0019664
27988640	1457	1465	Ocreatus	T012	C1672325

27989147|t|2,2',3,5',6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 95) Is Atropselectively Metabolized to para-Hydroxylated Metabolites by Human Liver Microsomes
27989147|a|Exposure to neurotoxic, chiral PCBs has been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, but their metabolism in humans remains unexplored. We investigated the enantioselective metabolism of PCB 95 by human liver microsomes (HLMs) to potentially neurotoxic, hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs). OH-PCB profiles formed in experiments with HLMs differed from metabolite profiles reported for rodent species. The second eluting atropisomer of 2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl-4'-ol, the major metabolite, was preferentially formed by all HLM preparations investigated. Differences in metabolite formation rates were observed with single donor HLMs. The metabolism of PCBs and its role in PCB-mediated neurodevelopmental disorders need to be further characterized.
27989147	0	31	2,2',3,5',6-Pentachlorobiphenyl	T109	C0377470
27989147	33	39	PCB 95	T109	C0377470
27989147	44	72	Atropselectively Metabolized	T040	C0005576
27989147	76	105	para-Hydroxylated Metabolites	T123	C0870883
27989147	109	114	Human	T016	C0086418
27989147	115	131	Liver Microsomes	T026	C0026030
27989147	132	143	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
27989147	144	154	neurotoxic	T131	C0260049
27989147	156	162	chiral	T067	C3539649
27989147	163	167	PCBs	T109	C0377470
27989147	177	192	associated with	T080	C0332281
27989147	193	221	neurodevelopmental disorders	T048	C1535926
27989147	233	243	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27989147	247	253	humans	T016	C0086418
27989147	277	289	investigated	T169	C1292732
27989147	294	321	enantioselective metabolism	T040	C0025519
27989147	325	331	PCB 95	T109	C0377470
27989147	335	340	human	T016	C0086418
27989147	341	357	liver microsomes	T026	C0026030
27989147	359	363	HLMs	T026	C0026030
27989147	368	379	potentially	T080	C3245505
27989147	380	390	neurotoxic	T131	C0260049
27989147	392	416	hydroxylated metabolites	T123	C0870883
27989147	418	425	OH-PCBs	T123	C0870883
27989147	428	434	OH-PCB	T123	C0870883
27989147	435	443	profiles	T039	C3853758
27989147	454	465	experiments	T062	C0681814
27989147	471	475	HLMs	T026	C0026030
27989147	490	509	metabolite profiles	T039	C3853758
27989147	510	518	reported	T170	C0684224
27989147	523	537	rodent species	T015	C0035804
27989147	558	610	atropisomer of 2,2',3,5',6-pentachlorobiphenyl-4'-ol	T123	C0870883
27989147	616	621	major	T080	C0205164
27989147	622	632	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27989147	653	659	formed	T169	C0205431
27989147	667	670	HLM	T026	C0026030
27989147	671	683	preparations	T052	C1521827
27989147	684	696	investigated	T169	C1292732
27989147	713	723	metabolite	T123	C0870883
27989147	724	733	formation	T169	C1522492
27989147	734	739	rates	T081	C1521828
27989147	745	753	observed	T169	C1441672
27989147	772	776	HLMs	T026	C0026030
27989147	782	792	metabolism	T040	C0025519
27989147	796	800	PCBs	T109	C0377470
27989147	817	829	PCB-mediated	T109	C0377470
27989147	830	858	neurodevelopmental disorders	T048	C1535926
27989147	878	891	characterized	T052	C1880022

27989819|t|Detachment of the fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding protein (FCP) antenna is not involved in the acclimative regulation of photoprotection in the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum
27989819|a|When grown under intermittent light (IL), the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum forms 'super' non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) in response to excess light. The current model of diatom NPQ mechanism involves two quenching sites, one of which detaches from photosystem II reaction centres (RCIIs) and aggregates into oligomeric complexes. Here we addressed how antenna reorganisation controls NPQ kinetics in P. tricornutum cells grown under continuous light (CL) and IL. Overall, IL acclimation induced: (i) reorganisation of chloroplasts, containing greater pigment pools without a strongly enhanced operation of the xanthophyll cycle, and (ii) ' super NPQ ' causing a remarkable reduction of the chlorophyll excited state lifetime at Fm '. Regardless of different levels of NPQ formed in both culture conditions, its dark recovery was rapid and similar fractions of their antenna uncoupled (~50%). Although antenna detachment relieved excitation pressure, it provided a minor protective contribution equivalent to NPQ ~1, while the largest NPQ was 4.4±0.2 (CL) and 13±0.8 (IL). The PSII cross-section decrease took place only at relatively low NPQ values, beyond which the cross-section remained constant whilst NPQ continued to rise. This finding suggests that the energy trapping efficiency of diatom antenna quenchers cannot over-compete that of RCIIs, similarly to what has been observed on higher plants. We conclude that such ' economic photoprotection ' operates to flexibly adjust the overall efficiency of diatom light harvesting.
27989819	0	10	Detachment	T067	C1254366
27989819	18	61	fucoxanthin chlorophyll a/c binding protein	T116,T123	C3179068
27989819	63	66	FCP	T116,T123	C3179068
27989819	68	75	antenna	T026	C1167304
27989819	99	110	acclimative	T040	C1154962
27989819	111	121	regulation	T038	C1327622
27989819	125	140	photoprotection	T040	C0597230
27989819	148	162	pennate diatom	T204	C0162769
27989819	163	188	Phaeodactylum tricornutum	T002	C0996301
27989819	206	224	intermittent light	T070	C0023693
27989819	226	228	IL	T070	C0023693
27989819	235	249	pennate diatom	T204	C0162769
27989819	250	275	Phaeodactylum tricornutum	T002	C0996301
27989819	282	330	'super' non-photochemical fluorescence quenching	T040	C1327582
27989819	332	335	NPQ	T040	C1327582
27989819	340	348	response	T032	C0871261
27989819	359	364	light	T070	C0023693
27989819	378	383	model	T170	C3161035
27989819	387	393	diatom	T204	C0162769
27989819	394	397	NPQ	T040	C1327582
27989819	398	407	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27989819	421	436	quenching sites	T026	C0243092
27989819	451	459	detaches	T169	C0687118
27989819	465	496	photosystem II reaction centres	T026	C1167312
27989819	498	503	RCIIs	T026	C1167312
27989819	509	519	aggregates	T169	C0332621
27989819	525	545	oligomeric complexes	T116,T123	C1180347
27989819	569	576	antenna	T026	C1167304
27989819	577	591	reorganisation	T078	C0680829
27989819	592	600	controls	T080	C0243148
27989819	601	604	NPQ	T040	C1327582
27989819	605	613	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27989819	617	631	P. tricornutum	T002	C0996301
27989819	632	637	cells	T025	C0007634
27989819	650	660	continuous	T078	C0549178
27989819	661	666	light	T070	C0023693
27989819	668	670	CL	T070	C0023693
27989819	676	678	IL	T070	C0023693
27989819	689	691	IL	T070	C0023693
27989819	692	703	acclimation	T040	C1154962
27989819	717	747	reorganisation of chloroplasts	T043	C1156112
27989819	768	781	pigment pools	T120	C0031916
27989819	827	844	xanthophyll cycle	T044	C1327206
27989819	857	866	super NPQ	T040	C1327582
27989819	890	899	reduction	T080	C0392756
27989819	907	918	chlorophyll	T109,T123	C0008260
27989819	919	941	excited state lifetime	T079	C1254367
27989819	945	947	Fm	T079	C1254367
27989819	975	981	levels	T080	C0441889
27989819	985	988	NPQ	T040	C1327582
27989819	1004	1011	culture	T059	C0007585
27989819	1012	1022	conditions	T080	C0348080
27989819	1028	1041	dark recovery	T080	C0205556
27989819	1064	1076	fractions of	T081	C1264633
27989819	1083	1090	antenna	T026	C1167304
27989819	1091	1100	uncoupled	T080	C0205556
27989819	1118	1125	antenna	T026	C1167304
27989819	1126	1136	detachment	T067	C1254366
27989819	1146	1156	excitation	T052	C0549255
27989819	1157	1165	pressure	T169	C1306345
27989819	1225	1228	NPQ	T040	C1327582
27989819	1251	1254	NPQ	T040	C1327582
27989819	1268	1270	CL	T070	C0023693
27989819	1284	1286	IL	T070	C0023693
27989819	1293	1297	PSII	T026	C0599132
27989819	1298	1311	cross-section	T169	C0205245
27989819	1355	1358	NPQ	T040	C1327582
27989819	1359	1365	values	T080	C0042295
27989819	1384	1397	cross-section	T169	C0205245
27989819	1423	1426	NPQ	T040	C1327582
27989819	1451	1458	finding	T033	C0243095
27989819	1507	1513	diatom	T204	C0162769
27989819	1514	1521	antenna	T026	C1167304
27989819	1522	1531	quenchers	T116,T123	C0033684
27989819	1560	1565	RCIIs	T026	C1167312
27989819	1613	1619	plants	T002	C0032098
27989819	1645	1669	economic photoprotection	T040	C0597230
27989819	1712	1722	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27989819	1726	1732	diatom	T204	C0162769
27989819	1733	1749	light harvesting	T044	C1623297

27989992|t|Adverse outcomes in older adults attending emergency departments: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Identification of Seniors At Risk (ISAR) screening tool
27989992|a|older adults are frequent users of emergency services and demonstrate high rates of adverse outcomes following emergency care. to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Identification of Seniors At Risk (ISAR) screening tool, to determine its predictive value in identifying adults ≥65 years at risk of functional decline, unplanned emergency department (ED) readmission, emergency hospitalisation or death within 180 days after index ED visit / hospitalisation. a systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, EBSCO and the Cochrane Library to identify validation and impact analysis studies of the ISAR tool. A pre-specified ISAR score of ≥2 (maximum score 6 points) was used to identify patients at high risk of adverse outcomes. A bivariate random effects model generated pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. Statistical heterogeneity was explored and methodological quality was assessed using validated criteria. thirty-two validation studies (n = 12,939) are included. At ≥2, the pooled sensitivity of the ISAR for predicting ED return, emergency hospitalisation and mortality at 6 months is 0.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70-0.87), 0.82 (95% CI 0.74-0.88) and 0.87 (95% CI 0.75-0.94), respectively, with a pooled specificity of 0.31 (95% CI 0.24-0.38), 0.32 (95% CI 0.24-0.41) and 0.35 (95% CI 0.26-0.44). Similar values are demonstrated at 30 and 90 days. Three heterogeneous impact analysis studies examined the clinical implementation of the ISAR and reported mixed findings across patient and process outcomes. the ISAR has modest predictive accuracy and may serve as a decision-making adjunct when determining which older adults can be safely discharged.
27989992	0	16	Adverse outcomes	T169	C1274040
27989992	20	32	older adults	T098	C0001792
27989992	33	42	attending	T169	C1999232
27989992	43	64	emergency departments	T073,T093	C0562508
27989992	68	85	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27989992	90	103	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27989992	111	166	Identification of Seniors At Risk (ISAR) screening tool	T170	C0282574
27989992	167	179	older adults	T098	C0001792
27989992	184	192	frequent	T079	C0332183
27989992	202	220	emergency services	T058	C0013961
27989992	237	241	high	T080	C0205250
27989992	242	247	rates	T081	C1521828
27989992	251	267	adverse outcomes	T169	C1274040
27989992	278	292	emergency care	T061	C1527398
27989992	307	324	systematic review	T170	C1955832
27989992	329	342	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
27989992	350	405	Identification of Seniors At Risk (ISAR) screening tool	T170	C0282574
27989992	424	440	predictive value	T080	C1514307
27989992	456	462	adults	T100	C0001675
27989992	467	472	years	T079	C0439234
27989992	476	480	risk	T078	C0035647
27989992	484	502	functional decline	T033	C4304688
27989992	514	551	emergency department (ED) readmission	T058	C0583237
27989992	553	562	emergency	T067	C0013956
27989992	563	578	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
27989992	582	587	death	T033	C1306577
27989992	599	603	days	T079	C0439228
27989992	616	624	ED visit	T058	C0586082
27989992	627	642	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
27989992	646	656	systematic	T169	C0220922
27989992	657	667	literature	T170	C0023866
27989992	668	674	search	T052	C1706202
27989992	692	698	PubMed	T170	C1138432
27989992	700	706	EMBASE	T170	C0282574
27989992	708	714	CINAHL	T170	C0282574
27989992	716	721	EBSCO	T170	C0282574
27989992	730	746	Cochrane Library	T170	C0282574
27989992	759	769	validation	T062	C1519941
27989992	774	780	impact	T080	C4049986
27989992	781	789	analysis	T062	C0936012
27989992	805	814	ISAR tool	T170	C0282574
27989992	818	831	pre-specified	T080	C2826245
27989992	832	836	ISAR	T170	C0282574
27989992	837	842	score	T081	C0449820
27989992	858	863	score	T081	C0449820
27989992	895	903	patients	T101	C0030705
27989992	907	919	high risk of	T033	C0332167
27989992	920	936	adverse outcomes	T169	C1274040
27989992	940	970	bivariate random effects model	T170	C3161035
27989992	981	987	pooled	T169	C2349200
27989992	988	997	estimates	T081	C0750572
27989992	1001	1028	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
27989992	1030	1055	Statistical heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27989992	1073	1095	methodological quality	UnknownType	C0815254
27989992	1115	1133	validated criteria	T078	C0243161
27989992	1146	1164	validation studies	T062,T170	C0681836
27989992	1182	1190	included	T169	C0332257
27989992	1203	1209	pooled	T169	C2349200
27989992	1210	1221	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
27989992	1229	1233	ISAR	T170	C0282574
27989992	1249	1251	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
27989992	1252	1258	return	T080	C0332156
27989992	1260	1269	emergency	T067	C0013956
27989992	1270	1285	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
27989992	1290	1299	mortality	T081	C0205848
27989992	1305	1311	months	T079	C0439231
27989992	1325	1344	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
27989992	1346	1348	CI	T081	C0009667
27989992	1372	1374	CI	T081	C0009667
27989992	1400	1402	CI	T081	C0009667
27989992	1436	1442	pooled	T169	C2349200
27989992	1443	1454	specificity	T081	C0037791
27989992	1468	1470	CI	T081	C0009667
27989992	1493	1495	CI	T081	C0009667
27989992	1521	1523	CI	T081	C0009667
27989992	1544	1550	values	T080	C0042295
27989992	1581	1585	days	T079	C0439228
27989992	1593	1606	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
27989992	1607	1613	impact	T080	C4049986
27989992	1614	1622	analysis	T062	C0936012
27989992	1631	1639	examined	T033	C0332128
27989992	1644	1652	clinical	T080	C0205210
27989992	1653	1667	implementation	T052	C1708476
27989992	1675	1679	ISAR	T170	C0282574
27989992	1693	1707	mixed findings	T169	C2607943
27989992	1715	1722	patient	T101	C0030705
27989992	1727	1734	process	T067	C1522240
27989992	1735	1743	outcomes	T169	C1274040
27989992	1749	1753	ISAR	T170	C0282574
27989992	1765	1775	predictive	T080	C0681890
27989992	1776	1784	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27989992	1804	1819	decision-making	T041	C0011109
27989992	1820	1827	adjunct	T169	C1719882
27989992	1851	1863	older adults	T098	C0001792
27989992	1878	1888	discharged	T058	C0030685

27990563|t|Selective reaching in macaques: evidence for action -centred attention
27990563|a|When a monkey selects a piece of food lying on the ground from among other viable objects in the near vicinity, only the desired item governs the particular pattern and direction of the animal's reaching action. It would seem then that selection is an important component controlling the animal's action. But, we may ask, is the selection process in such cases impervious to the presence of other objects that could constitute potential obstacles to or constraints on movement execution? And if it is, in fact, pervious to other objects, do they have a direct influence on the organization of the response? The kinematics of macaques ' reaching movements were examined by the current study that analysed some exemplars as they selectively reached to grasp a food item in the absence as well as in the presence of potential obstacles (i.e., stones) that could affect the arm trajectory. Changes in movement parameterization were noted in temporal measures, such as movement time, as well as in spatial ones, such as paths of trajectory. Generally speaking, the presence of stones in the vicinity of the acting hand stalled the reaching movement and affected the arm trajectory as the hand veered away from the stone even when it was not a physical obstacle. We concluded that nearby objects evoke a motor response in macaques, and the attentional mechanisms that allow for a successful action selection are revealed in the reaching path. The data outlined here concur with human studies indicating that potential obstacles are internally represented, a finding implying basic cognitive operations allowing for action selection in macaques.
27990563	0	9	Selective	T052	C1707391
27990563	10	18	reaching	T040	C2584321
27990563	22	30	macaques	T015	C0024398
27990563	32	40	evidence	T078	C3887511
27990563	45	51	action	T052	C3266814
27990563	61	70	attention	T041	C0004268
27990563	78	84	monkey	T015	C0026447
27990563	85	92	selects	T052	C1707391
27990563	104	108	food	T168	C0016452
27990563	140	145	other	T080	C0205394
27990563	146	152	viable	T080	C0443348
27990563	153	160	objects	T072	C0347997
27990563	168	172	near	T080	C1706276
27990563	173	181	vicinity	T082	C0205146
27990563	192	199	desired	T041	C0871633
27990563	200	204	item	T168	C0016452
27990563	205	212	governs	T080	C0243148
27990563	228	235	pattern	T082	C0449774
27990563	240	249	direction	T082	C0449738
27990563	257	265	animal's	T008	C0003062
27990563	266	274	reaching	T040	C2584321
27990563	275	281	action	T052	C3266814
27990563	307	316	selection	T052	C1707391
27990563	323	332	important	T080	C3898777
27990563	333	342	component	T078	C1552020
27990563	343	354	controlling	T169	C2587213
27990563	359	367	animal's	T008	C0003062
27990563	368	374	action	T052	C3266814
27990563	400	409	selection	T052	C1707391
27990563	410	417	process	T067	C1522240
27990563	426	431	cases	T169	C0868928
27990563	450	458	presence	T080	C3854307
27990563	462	467	other	T080	C0205394
27990563	468	475	objects	T072	C0347997
27990563	487	497	constitute	T169	C1522492
27990563	498	507	potential	T080	C3245505
27990563	508	517	obstacles	T072	C0347997
27990563	524	535	constraints	T169	C0443288
27990563	539	547	movement	T040	C0026649
27990563	548	557	execution	T052	C1705848
27990563	582	590	pervious	T169	C0205326
27990563	594	599	other	T080	C0205394
27990563	600	607	objects	T072	C0347997
27990563	624	630	direct	T080	C1947931
27990563	631	640	influence	T077	C4054723
27990563	648	660	organization	T039	C0029237
27990563	668	676	response	T032	C0871261
27990563	682	692	kinematics	T091	C0600169
27990563	696	704	macaques	T015	C0024398
27990563	707	715	reaching	T040	C2584321
27990563	716	725	movements	T040	C0026649
27990563	731	739	examined	T033	C0332128
27990563	747	754	current	T079	C0521116
27990563	755	760	study	T062	C2603343
27990563	766	774	analysed	T062	C0936012
27990563	798	809	selectively	T052	C1707391
27990563	810	817	reached	T040	C2584321
27990563	821	826	grasp	T040	C0220843
27990563	829	838	food item	T168	C0016452
27990563	846	853	absence	T169	C0332197
27990563	872	880	presence	T080	C3854307
27990563	884	893	potential	T080	C3245505
27990563	894	903	obstacles	T072	C0347997
27990563	911	917	stones	T072	C0347997
27990563	930	936	affect	T041	C0001721
27990563	941	944	arm	T029	C0446516
27990563	945	955	trajectory	T082	C0449738
27990563	957	964	Changes	T169	C0392747
27990563	968	976	movement	T040	C0026649
27990563	977	993	parameterization	UnknownType	C0681933
27990563	999	1004	noted	T080	C4288581
27990563	1008	1016	temporal	T079	C2362314
27990563	1017	1025	measures	T081	C0079809
27990563	1035	1043	movement	T040	C0026649
27990563	1044	1048	time	T079	C0040223
27990563	1064	1076	spatial ones	T082	C1254362
27990563	1095	1105	trajectory	T082	C0449738
27990563	1131	1139	presence	T080	C3854307
27990563	1143	1149	stones	T072	C0347997
27990563	1157	1165	vicinity	T082	C0205146
27990563	1173	1179	acting	T055	C0001241
27990563	1180	1184	hand	T023	C0018563
27990563	1185	1192	stalled	T052	C1947925
27990563	1197	1205	reaching	T040	C2584321
27990563	1206	1214	movement	T040	C0026649
27990563	1219	1227	affected	T041	C0001721
27990563	1232	1235	arm	T029	C0446516
27990563	1236	1246	trajectory	T082	C0449738
27990563	1254	1258	hand	T023	C0018563
27990563	1259	1270	veered away	T033	C1277225
27990563	1280	1285	stone	T072	C0347997
27990563	1303	1306	not	T169	C1518422
27990563	1309	1317	physical	T169	C0205485
27990563	1318	1326	obstacle	T072	C0347997
27990563	1346	1352	nearby	T080	C1706276
27990563	1353	1360	objects	T072	C0347997
27990563	1369	1383	motor response	T201	C1285623
27990563	1387	1395	macaques	T015	C0024398
27990563	1405	1416	attentional	T041	C0004268
27990563	1417	1427	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
27990563	1445	1455	successful	T080	C1272703
27990563	1456	1462	action	T052	C3266814
27990563	1463	1472	selection	T052	C1707391
27990563	1477	1485	revealed	T080	C0443289
27990563	1493	1501	reaching	T040	C2584321
27990563	1502	1506	path	T082	C0449738
27990563	1512	1516	data	T078	C1511726
27990563	1543	1548	human	T016	C0086418
27990563	1549	1556	studies	T062	C2603343
27990563	1557	1567	indicating	T078	C0392360
27990563	1573	1582	potential	T080	C3245505
27990563	1583	1592	obstacles	T072	C0347997
27990563	1597	1607	internally	T082	C0205102
27990563	1608	1619	represented	T052	C1882932
27990563	1623	1630	finding	T033	C0243095
27990563	1640	1645	basic	T169	C1527178
27990563	1646	1655	cognitive	T169	C1516691
27990563	1656	1666	operations	T052	C3241922
27990563	1680	1686	action	T052	C3266814
27990563	1687	1696	selection	T052	C1707391
27990563	1700	1708	macaques	T015	C0024398

27990642|t|Anemia tolerance during normo -, hypo -, and hypervolemia
27990642|a|Restrictive intraoperative fluid management has been demonstrated to improve outcome of visceral and lung surgery in several studies. However, subsequent hypovolemia (HOV) may be accompanied by a decrease of anemia tolerance, resulting in increased transfusion needs. We therefore investigated the effect of volume status on anemia tolerance. Eighteen domestic pigs of either sex (mean weight, 23.5 ± 4.8 kg) were anesthetized, ventilated, and randomized into three experimental groups: normovolemia (no intervention), HOV (blood loss of 40% of blood volume), and hypervolemia (HEV; volume infusion of 40% of blood volume). The animals were then hemodiluted until their individual critical hemoglobin concentrations (Hbcrit) were reached by the exchange of whole blood for hydroxyethyl starch (HES; 130:0.4). Subsequently, organ-specific hypoxia was assessed using pimonidazole tissue staining in relevant organs. Hemodynamic and metabolic variables were also investigated. Despite significant differences in exchangeable blood volume, Hbcrit was the same in all groups (2.3 g/dL, NS). During HOV, tissue hypoxia was aggravated in the myocardium, brain, and kidneys, whereas tissue oxygenation of the liver and intestine was not influenced by volume status. HEV increased tissue hypoxia in the lungs, but did not impact tissue oxygenation of other organs. The combination of hemorrhagic HOV with subsequent anemia leads to accentuated tissue hypoxia, revealed by a significant increase in pimonidazole binding at Hbcrit, in heart, lungs, brain, and kidney. The lungs were the only organ that showed increased tissue hypoxia after pretreatment of HES infusion and subsequent anemia by normovolemic hemodilution.
27990642	0	6	Anemia	T047	C0002871
27990642	7	16	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27990642	24	29	normo	T039	C0232091
27990642	33	37	hypo	T033	C0546884
27990642	45	57	hypervolemia	T047	C0546817
27990642	70	84	intraoperative	T058	C0021889
27990642	85	101	fluid management	T061	C0553741
27990642	146	154	visceral	T082	C0442045
27990642	159	171	lung surgery	T061	C0038903
27990642	212	223	hypovolemia	T033	C0546884
27990642	225	228	HOV	T033	C0546884
27990642	266	272	anemia	T047	C0002871
27990642	273	282	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27990642	307	318	transfusion	T061	C0005841
27990642	366	379	volume status	T201	C0005850
27990642	383	389	anemia	T047	C0002871
27990642	390	399	tolerance	T080	C1704410
27990642	410	423	domestic pigs	T015	C1136016
27990642	434	437	sex	T032	C1522384
27990642	472	484	anesthetized	T033	C1720436
27990642	486	496	ventilated	T169	C0231923
27990642	537	543	groups	T096	C1642385
27990642	545	557	normovolemia	T039	C0232091
27990642	577	580	HOV	T033	C0546884
27990642	582	592	blood loss	T046	C0019080
27990642	603	615	blood volume	T201	C0005850
27990642	622	634	hypervolemia	T047	C0546817
27990642	636	639	HEV	T047	C0546817
27990642	641	647	volume	T201	C0005850
27990642	648	656	infusion	T061	C0574032
27990642	667	679	blood volume	T201	C0005850
27990642	686	693	animals	T008	C0003062
27990642	704	715	hemodiluted	T061	C0019009
27990642	739	773	critical hemoglobin concentrations	T034	C1318517
27990642	775	781	Hbcrit	T034	C1318517
27990642	815	826	whole blood	T031	C0370231
27990642	831	850	hydroxyethyl starch	T109,T121	C0020352
27990642	852	855	HES	T109,T121	C0020352
27990642	896	903	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27990642	923	935	pimonidazole	T109,T130	C0071072
27990642	936	951	tissue staining	T059	C0487602
27990642	964	970	organs	T023	C0003055
27990642	972	983	Hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
27990642	988	997	metabolic	T040	C0025519
27990642	998	1007	variables	T080	C0439828
27990642	1080	1092	blood volume	T201	C0005850
27990642	1094	1100	Hbcrit	T034	C1318517
27990642	1121	1127	groups	T096	C1642385
27990642	1151	1154	HOV	T033	C0546884
27990642	1163	1170	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27990642	1193	1203	myocardium	T024	C0027061
27990642	1205	1210	brain	T023	C0006104
27990642	1216	1223	kidneys	T023	C0022646
27990642	1233	1251	tissue oxygenation	T042	C0872293
27990642	1259	1264	liver	T023	C0023884
27990642	1269	1278	intestine	T023	C0021853
27990642	1301	1314	volume status	T201	C0005850
27990642	1316	1319	HEV	T047	C0546817
27990642	1330	1344	tissue hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27990642	1352	1357	lungs	T023	C0024109
27990642	1378	1396	tissue oxygenation	T042	C0872293
27990642	1406	1412	organs	T023	C0003055
27990642	1433	1444	hemorrhagic	T046	C0019080
27990642	1445	1448	HOV	T033	C0546884
27990642	1465	1471	anemia	T047	C0002871
27990642	1493	1507	tissue hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27990642	1547	1559	pimonidazole	T109,T130	C0071072
27990642	1571	1577	Hbcrit	T034	C1318517
27990642	1582	1587	heart	T023	C0018787
27990642	1589	1594	lungs	T023	C0024109
27990642	1596	1601	brain	T023	C0006104
27990642	1607	1613	kidney	T023	C0022646
27990642	1619	1624	lungs	T023	C0024109
27990642	1639	1644	organ	T023	C0003055
27990642	1667	1681	tissue hypoxia	T046	C0242184
27990642	1704	1707	HES	T109,T121	C0020352
27990642	1708	1716	infusion	T061	C0574032
27990642	1732	1738	anemia	T047	C0002871
27990642	1742	1754	normovolemic	T039	C0232091
27990642	1755	1767	hemodilution	T061	C0019009

27991454|t|A novel method for interactive multi-objective dose-guided patient positioning
27991454|a|In intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), 3D in-room imaging data is typically utilized for accurate patient alignment on the basis of anatomical landmarks. In the presence of non-rigid anatomical changes, it is often not obvious which patient position is most suitable. Thus, dose -guided patient alignment is an interesting approach to use available in-room imaging data for up-to-date dose calculation, aimed at finding the position that yields the optimal dose distribution. This contribution presents the first implementation of dose -guided patient alignment as multi-criteria optimization problem. User-defined clinical objectives are employed for setting up a multi-objective problem. Using pre-calculated dose distributions at a limited number of patient shifts and dose interpolation, a continuous space of Pareto-efficient patient shifts becomes accessible. Pareto sliders facilitate interactive browsing of the possible shifts with real-time dose display to the user. Dose interpolation accuracy is validated and the potential of multi-objective dose-guided positioning demonstrated for three head and neck (H&N) and three prostate cancer patients. Dose-guided positioning is compared to replanning for all cases. A delineated replanning CT served as surrogate for in-room imaging data. Dose interpolation accuracy was high. Using a [Formula: see text] dose difference criterion, a median pass-rate of 95.7% for H&N and 99.6% for prostate cases was determined in a comparison to exact dose calculations. For all patients, dose-guided positioning allowed to find a clinically preferable dose distribution compared to bony anatomy based alignment. For all H&N cases, mean dose to the spared parotid glands was below [Formula: see text] (up to [Formula: see text] with bony alignment) and clinical target volume (CTV) [Formula: see text] above 99.1% (compared to 95.1%). For all prostate patients, CTV [Formula: see text] was above 98.9% (compared to 88.5%) and [Formula: see text] to the rectum below [Formula: see text] (compared to 56.1%). Replanning yielded improved results for the H&N cases. For the prostate cases, differences to dose-guided positioning were minor.
27991454	2	7	novel	T080	C0205314
27991454	8	14	method	T170	C0025663
27991454	19	30	interactive	T169	C1704675
27991454	31	46	multi-objective	T080	C1571702
27991454	47	78	dose-guided patient positioning	T058	C1561964
27991454	82	119	intensity-modulated radiation therapy	T061	C1512814
27991454	121	125	IMRT	T061	C1512814
27991454	139	146	imaging	T060	C0011923
27991454	147	151	data	T078	C1511726
27991454	178	186	accurate	T080	C0443131
27991454	187	204	patient alignment	UnknownType	C0548501
27991454	221	241	anatomical landmarks	T029	C0504075
27991454	272	290	anatomical changes	T169	C0392747
27991454	322	338	patient position	T033	C0449850
27991454	363	367	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	376	393	patient alignment	UnknownType	C0548501
27991454	446	453	imaging	T060	C0011923
27991454	454	458	data	T078	C1511726
27991454	474	478	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	479	490	calculation	T052	C1441506
27991454	501	508	finding	T033	C0243095
27991454	538	545	optimal	T080	C2698651
27991454	546	550	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	551	563	distribution	T169	C1704711
27991454	620	624	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	633	650	patient alignment	UnknownType	C0548501
27991454	704	712	clinical	T080	C0205210
27991454	713	723	objectives	T170	C0018017
27991454	754	769	multi-objective	T080	C1571702
27991454	800	804	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	805	818	distributions	T169	C1704711
27991454	842	856	patient shifts	T058	C0086388
27991454	861	865	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	866	879	interpolation	T062	C3494285
27991454	903	934	Pareto-efficient patient shifts	T058	C0086388
27991454	981	992	interactive	T169	C1704675
27991454	1040	1044	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	1066	1070	Dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	1071	1084	interpolation	T062	C3494285
27991454	1085	1093	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27991454	1128	1143	multi-objective	T080	C1571702
27991454	1144	1167	dose-guided positioning	T058	C1561964
27991454	1191	1204	head and neck	T191	C0278996
27991454	1206	1209	H&N	T191	C0278996
27991454	1221	1236	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
27991454	1237	1245	patients	T101	C0030705
27991454	1247	1270	Dose-guided positioning	T058	C1561964
27991454	1274	1282	compared	T052	C1707455
27991454	1336	1338	CT	T060	C0040405
27991454	1371	1378	imaging	T060	C0011923
27991454	1379	1383	data	T078	C1511726
27991454	1385	1389	Dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	1390	1403	interpolation	T062	C3494285
27991454	1404	1412	accuracy	T080	C0443131
27991454	1417	1421	high	T080	C0205250
27991454	1451	1455	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	1510	1513	H&N	T191	C0278996
27991454	1528	1542	prostate cases	T191	C0600139
27991454	1563	1573	comparison	T052	C1707455
27991454	1583	1587	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	1588	1600	calculations	T052	C1441506
27991454	1610	1618	patients	T101	C0030705
27991454	1620	1643	dose-guided positioning	T058	C1561964
27991454	1684	1688	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	1689	1701	distribution	T169	C1704711
27991454	1702	1710	compared	T052	C1707455
27991454	1714	1742	bony anatomy based alignment	T081	C1706765
27991454	1752	1755	H&N	T191	C0278996
27991454	1768	1772	dose	T081	C0178602
27991454	1787	1801	parotid glands	T023	C0030580
27991454	1864	1878	bony alignment	T081	C1706765
27991454	1884	1906	clinical target volume	T081	C0454198
27991454	1908	1911	CTV	T081	C0454198
27991454	1946	1954	compared	T052	C1707455
27991454	1974	1982	prostate	T191	C0600139
27991454	1983	1991	patients	T101	C0030705
27991454	1993	1996	CTV	T081	C0454198
27991454	2034	2042	compared	T052	C1707455
27991454	2118	2126	compared	T052	C1707455
27991454	2182	2185	H&N	T191	C0278996
27991454	2201	2215	prostate cases	T191	C0600139
27991454	2232	2255	dose-guided positioning	T058	C1561964

27991947|t|Ecohydrological modeling and environmental flow regime in the Formoso River, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
27991947|a|This paper aimed at determining the environmental flow regime in a 1 km stretch of the Formoso River, MG, using River2D model. To carry out the ecohydrological modeling, the following information was used: bathymetry, physical and hydraulic features, and the Habitat Suitability Index for species of the Hypostomus auroguttatus. In the River2D, the Weighted Usable Areas were determined from the average long-term streamflows with percentage from 10% to 100%. Those streamflows were simulated for the later construction of optimization matrices that maximize the habitat area throughout the year. For H. auroguttatus Juvenile, higher values of Weighted Usable Area were associated with the percentage of 60% and 70% of the average long-term streamflows in October and September, respectively. For H. auroguttatus Adult, the highest value of Weighted Usable Area was associated with the percentage of 100% of the average long-term streamflow in September. The environmental flows found for this stretch of the Formoso River varied over the year. The lowest environmental flow was observed in December (2.85 m3 s-1), while the highest was observed in May (4.13 m3 s-1). This paper shows the importance of ecohydrological studies in forming a basis for water resources management actions.
27991947	0	24	Ecohydrological modeling	T062	C0870071
27991947	29	42	environmental	T082	C0014406
27991947	43	47	flow	T070	C0806140
27991947	48	54	regime	T080	C0243148
27991947	62	75	Formoso River	T070	C0337050
27991947	77	95	Minas Gerais State	T083	C0006137
27991947	97	103	Brazil	T083	C0006137
27991947	109	114	paper	T170	C1706852
27991947	124	135	determining	T080	C0521095
27991947	140	153	environmental	T082	C0014406
27991947	154	158	flow	T070	C0806140
27991947	171	175	1 km	T081	C0439198
27991947	176	183	stretch	T081	C0012751
27991947	191	204	Formoso River	T070	C0337050
27991947	206	208	MG	T083	C0006137
27991947	216	229	River2D model	T062	C0870071
27991947	248	272	ecohydrological modeling	T062	C0870071
27991947	278	287	following	T079	C0332282
27991947	288	299	information	T078	C1533716
27991947	310	320	bathymetry	T081	C0392762
27991947	322	330	physical	T169	C0205485
27991947	335	344	hydraulic	T169	C0205245
27991947	345	353	features	T080	C2348519
27991947	363	370	Habitat	T082	C0871648
27991947	371	388	Suitability Index	T080	C3900053
27991947	393	400	species	T185	C1705920
27991947	408	431	Hypostomus auroguttatus	T013	C3128443
27991947	440	447	River2D	T062	C0870071
27991947	453	461	Weighted	T081	C0439751
27991947	462	468	Usable	T080	C3827682
27991947	469	474	Areas	T082	C0205146
27991947	480	490	determined	T080	C0521095
27991947	500	507	average	T081	C1510992
27991947	508	517	long-term	T079	C0443252
27991947	518	529	streamflows	T070	C0442540
27991947	535	545	percentage	T081	C0439165
27991947	570	581	streamflows	T070	C0442540
27991947	605	610	later	T079	C0205087
27991947	611	623	construction	T169	C1881534
27991947	627	639	optimization	T052	C2698650
27991947	640	648	matrices	T082	C1704640
27991947	654	662	maximize	T081	C0806909
27991947	667	674	habitat	T082	C0871648
27991947	675	679	area	T082	C0205146
27991947	680	690	throughout	T169	C0332273
27991947	695	699	year	T079	C0439234
27991947	705	720	H. auroguttatus	T013	C3128443
27991947	721	729	Juvenile	T100	C3146221
27991947	731	737	higher	T080	C0205250
27991947	738	744	values	T080	C0042295
27991947	748	756	Weighted	T081	C0439751
27991947	757	763	Usable	T080	C3827682
27991947	764	768	Area	T082	C0205146
27991947	774	789	associated with	T080	C0332281
27991947	794	804	percentage	T081	C0439165
27991947	827	834	average	T081	C1510992
27991947	835	844	long-term	T079	C0443252
27991947	845	856	streamflows	T070	C0442540
27991947	860	867	October	T079	C3828732
27991947	872	881	September	T079	C3828193
27991947	901	916	H. auroguttatus	T013	C3128443
27991947	917	922	Adult	T100	C0001675
27991947	928	935	highest	T080	C1522410
27991947	936	941	value	T080	C0042295
27991947	945	953	Weighted	T081	C0439751
27991947	954	960	Usable	T080	C3827682
27991947	954	960	Usable	T080	C3827682
27991947	961	965	Area	T082	C0205146
27991947	970	985	associated with	T080	C0332281
27991947	990	1000	percentage	T081	C0439165
27991947	1016	1023	average	T081	C1510992
27991947	1024	1033	long-term	T079	C0443252
27991947	1034	1044	streamflow	T070	C0442540
27991947	1048	1057	September	T079	C3828193
27991947	1063	1076	environmental	T082	C0014406
27991947	1077	1082	flows	T070	C0806140
27991947	1083	1088	found	T033	C0150312
27991947	1098	1105	stretch	T081	C0012751
27991947	1113	1126	Formoso River	T070	C0337050
27991947	1127	1133	varied	T169	C0392747
27991947	1134	1138	over	T079	C0347984
27991947	1143	1147	year	T079	C0439234
27991947	1153	1159	lowest	T080	C1708760
27991947	1160	1173	environmental	T082	C0014406
27991947	1174	1178	flow	T070	C0806140
27991947	1183	1191	observed	T169	C1441672
27991947	1195	1203	December	T080	C3830550
27991947	1229	1236	highest	T080	C1522410
27991947	1241	1249	observed	T169	C1441672
27991947	1253	1256	May	T079	C3812381
27991947	1277	1282	paper	T170	C1706852
27991947	1293	1303	importance	T080	C3898777
27991947	1307	1330	ecohydrological studies	T062	C0870071
27991947	1334	1341	forming	T169	C1522492
27991947	1344	1349	basis	T169	C1527178
27991947	1354	1369	water resources	T070	C3494255
27991947	1370	1380	management	T080	C0243148
27991947	1381	1388	actions	T052	C3266814

27992983|t|Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in the Colombian Caribbean coast: A case-control study
27992983|a|An estimated 6.8-8.9 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus in Latin America, of which less than 1% receives antiviral treatment. Studies so far in Colombia have attempted to determine the prevalence of the disease in some risk groups, thus preventing the identification of other factors potentially involved in the spread of the infection. To identify traditional and non-traditional risk factors for chronic hepatitis C in the Colombian Caribbean coast. This was a case-control study (1:3) matched by health care provider and age (± 10 years) conducted at the primary care level of gastroenterology and hepatology outpatient services. All patients with a positive ELISA underwent a confirmatory viral load test. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the independent predictors of infection. Blood transfusion (OR =159.2; 95% CI: 35.4-715; p<0.001) and history of hospitalization before 1994 (OR =4.7; 95% CI: 1.3-17.1; p=0.018) were identified as the only two independent predictors of infection. It is necessary to check the reproducibility of these results and to conduct cost-effectiveness studies before recommending their use in the design of new screening strategies.
27992983	0	12	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
27992983	17	44	hepatitis C virus infection	T047	C4288963
27992983	52	61	Colombian	T098	C1553372
27992983	62	77	Caribbean coast	T083	C0206155
27992983	81	99	case-control study	T062	C0007328
27992983	121	128	million	T081	C1881839
27992983	129	135	people	T098	C0027361
27992983	140	148	infected	T033	C0439663
27992983	154	171	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
27992983	175	188	Latin America	T083	C0023122
27992983	199	208	less than	T081	C0439092
27992983	221	240	antiviral treatment	T061	C2363964
27992983	242	249	Studies	T062	C2603343
27992983	260	268	Colombia	T083	C3245499
27992983	274	283	attempted	T051	C1516084
27992983	301	311	prevalence	T081	C0033106
27992983	319	326	disease	T047	C0012634
27992983	335	339	risk	T078	C0035647
27992983	340	346	groups	T098	C1257890
27992983	353	363	preventing	T169	C1292733
27992983	368	382	identification	T080	C0205396
27992983	392	399	factors	T169	C1521761
27992983	400	411	potentially	T080	C3245505
27992983	442	451	infection	T046	C3714514
27992983	456	464	identify	T080	C0205396
27992983	497	509	risk factors	T033	C0035648
27992983	514	533	chronic hepatitis C	T047	C0524910
27992983	541	550	Colombian	T098	C1553372
27992983	551	566	Caribbean coast	T083	C0206155
27992983	579	597	case-control study	T062	C0007328
27992983	615	635	health care provider	T097	C0018724
27992983	640	643	age	T032	C0001779
27992983	650	655	years	T079	C0439234
27992983	674	692	primary care level	T058	C0033137
27992983	696	712	gastroenterology	T091	C0017163
27992983	717	727	hepatology	T091	C0086403
27992983	728	747	outpatient services	T058	C0086751
27992983	753	761	patients	T101	C0030705
27992983	769	777	positive	T033	C1446409
27992983	778	783	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27992983	796	808	confirmatory	UnknownType	C0814857
27992983	809	824	viral load test	T059	C1656394
27992983	828	869	multivariate logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
27992983	870	880	identified	T080	C0205396
27992983	885	907	independent predictors	T078	C2698872
27992983	911	920	infection	T046	C3714514
27992983	922	939	Blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
27992983	941	943	OR	T081	C0028873
27992983	956	958	CI	T081	C0009667
27992983	983	1009	history of hospitalization	T201	C0551576
27992983	1023	1025	OR	T081	C0028873
27992983	1036	1038	CI	T081	C0009667
27992983	1064	1074	identified	T080	C0205396
27992983	1091	1113	independent predictors	T078	C2698872
27992983	1117	1126	infection	T046	C3714514
27992983	1157	1189	reproducibility of these results	T081	C0035149
27992983	1205	1223	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
27992983	1224	1231	studies	T062	C2603343
27992983	1239	1251	recommending	T078	C0034866
27992983	1258	1261	use	T169	C0457083
27992983	1269	1275	design	T052	C1707689
27992983	1279	1303	new screening strategies	T062	C2348164

27993018|t|Phase Transitions in DNA / Surfactant Adsorption Layers
27993018|a|The adsorption layers of complexes between DNA and oppositely charged surfactants dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) at the solution / air interface were studied with surface tensiometry, dilational surface rheology, atomic force microscopy, Brewster angle microscopy, infrared absorption-reflection spectroscopy, and ellipsometry. Measurements of the kinetic dependencies of the surface properties gave a possibility to discover the time intervals corresponding to the coexistence of two-dimensional phases. One can assume that the observed phase transition is of the first order, unlike the formation of microaggregates in the adsorption layers of mixed solutions of synthetic polyelectrolytes and surfactants. The multitechniques approach together with the calculations of the adsorption kinetics allowed the elucidation of the structure of coexisting surface phases and the distinguishing of four main steps of adsorption layer formation at the surface of DNA / surfactant solutions.
27993018	0	17	Phase Transitions	T070	C1257888
27993018	21	24	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27993018	27	37	Surfactant	T120	C0038891
27993018	38	55	Adsorption Layers	T080	C0205556
27993018	60	77	adsorption layers	T080	C0205556
27993018	81	90	complexes	T104	C1704241
27993018	99	102	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27993018	107	117	oppositely	T082	C1521805
27993018	118	137	charged surfactants	T120	C0038891
27993018	138	170	dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide	T109	C0114766
27993018	172	176	DTAB	T109	C0114766
27993018	182	212	cetyltrimethylammonium bromide	T109	C0951233
27993018	214	218	CTAB	T109	C0951233
27993018	227	235	solution	T167	C0037633
27993018	238	241	air	T167	C0001861
27993018	242	251	interface	T079	C1254367
27993018	270	289	surface tensiometry	T074	C3880387
27993018	291	318	dilational surface rheology	T057	C0035423
27993018	320	343	atomic force microscopy	T059	C0242849
27993018	345	370	Brewster angle microscopy	T059	C0022885
27993018	372	415	infrared absorption-reflection spectroscopy	T059	C0597366
27993018	421	433	ellipsometry	T059	C0022885
27993018	435	447	Measurements	T169	C0242485
27993018	455	462	kinetic	T070	C0022702
27993018	463	475	dependencies	T080	C0851827
27993018	483	501	surface properties	T070	C0038884
27993018	537	551	time intervals	T079	C0872291
27993018	573	584	coexistence	T081	C1547035
27993018	588	603	two-dimensional	T082	C1705052
27993018	604	610	phases	T079	C0205390
27993018	645	661	phase transition	T070	C1257888
27993018	672	683	first order	UnknownType	C0878685
27993018	696	705	formation	T169	C1522492
27993018	709	724	microaggregates	T080	C0205418
27993018	732	749	adsorption layers	T080	C0205556
27993018	753	768	mixed solutions	T167	C0037633
27993018	772	798	synthetic polyelectrolytes	T122	C4277727
27993018	803	814	surfactants	T120	C0038891
27993018	820	835	multitechniques	T169	C0449851
27993018	836	844	approach	T082	C0449445
27993018	863	875	calculations	T052	C1441506
27993018	883	893	adsorption	T059	C0001674
27993018	894	902	kinetics	T070	C0022702
27993018	934	943	structure	T082	C0678594
27993018	947	957	coexisting	T081	C1547035
27993018	958	965	surface	T082	C0205148
27993018	966	972	phases	T079	C0205390
27993018	1018	1034	adsorption layer	T080	C0205556
27993018	1035	1044	formation	T169	C1522492
27993018	1052	1059	surface	T082	C0205148
27993018	1063	1066	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
27993018	1069	1079	surfactant	T120	C0038891
27993018	1080	1089	solutions	T167	C0037633

27993470|t|Application and further characterization of the snap bean S156 / R123 ozone biomonitoring system in relation to ambient air temperature
27993470|a|Increased mixing ratios of ground-level ozone (O3) threaten individual plants, plant communities and ecosystems. In this sense, O3 biomonitoring is of great interest. The O3 - sensitive S156 and the O3 - tolerant R123 genotypes of snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have been proposed as a potential tool for active biomonitoring of ambient O3. In the present study, an O3 biomonitoring was conducted, with the S156 / R123 tool, along with a monitoring of O3 and other environmental conditions in an urban area in Athens, Greece, during the growing seasons of 2012 and 2013. Plant yield was evaluated to assess the effectiveness of AOT40 in interpreting O3 - induced phytotoxicity. Across the two genotypes, an approximately two times lower total number of pods - and consequently lower bulk mass of seeds - was found in 2012 than in 2013, although there was no significant difference in the final AOT40 between the two years. No significant differences were observed in the stomatal density or conductance between the two genotypes, whereas it was estimated that, in both genotypes, the abaxial leaf surface contributes 2.7 fold to O3 intake in comparison to the adaxial one. By testing the role of ambient air temperature in outdoor plant environment chambers (OPECs), it was found that increased temperature limits mature pod formation and complicates interpretation of O3 impacts in terms of S156 / R123 yields ratios. This is the first study providing evidence for a hormetic response of plants to ambient air temperature. This study also points out the complexity of using yield as a measure of O3 impact across different environments with the snap bean system, whereas visible foliar injury is more consistently related to O3 effects.
27993470	0	11	Application	T169	C4048755
27993470	24	40	characterization	T052	C1880022
27993470	48	57	snap bean	T002	C1510487
27993470	58	62	S156	T032	C0017431
27993470	65	69	R123	T032	C0017431
27993470	70	75	ozone	T103	C0030106
27993470	76	89	biomonitoring	T057	C0005517
27993470	90	96	system	T169	C0449913
27993470	112	119	ambient	T080	C1879688
27993470	120	123	air	T167	C0001861
27993470	124	135	temperature	T081	C0039476
27993470	136	145	Increased	T081	C0205217
27993470	153	159	ratios	T081	C0456603
27993470	163	181	ground-level ozone	T103	C3489476
27993470	183	185	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	187	195	threaten	T033	C2826244
27993470	207	213	plants	T002	C0032098
27993470	215	220	plant	T002	C0032098
27993470	221	232	communities	T080	C2936392
27993470	237	247	ecosystems	T070	C0162358
27993470	264	266	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	267	280	biomonitoring	T057	C0005517
27993470	307	309	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	312	321	sensitive	T169	C0332324
27993470	322	326	S156	T032	C0017431
27993470	335	337	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	340	348	tolerant	T169	C0231198
27993470	349	363	R123 genotypes	T032	C0017431
27993470	367	376	snap bean	T002	C1510487
27993470	378	399	Phaseolus vulgaris L.	T002	C1510487
27993470	411	419	proposed	T080	C1553874
27993470	425	434	potential	T080	C3245505
27993470	444	450	active	T169	C0205177
27993470	451	464	biomonitoring	T057	C0005517
27993470	468	475	ambient	T080	C1879688
27993470	476	478	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	495	500	study	T062	C2603343
27993470	505	507	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	508	521	biomonitoring	T057	C0005517
27993470	546	550	S156	T032	C0017431
27993470	553	557	R123	T032	C0017431
27993470	577	587	monitoring	T057	C0005517
27993470	591	593	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	604	617	environmental	T082	C0014406
27993470	618	628	conditions	T080	C0348080
27993470	635	645	urban area	T082	C0178876
27993470	649	655	Athens	T083	C3827218
27993470	657	663	Greece	T083	C0018226
27993470	665	671	during	T079	C0347984
27993470	684	691	seasons	T079	C0036497
27993470	710	715	Plant	T002	C0032098
27993470	716	721	yield	T081	C0392762
27993470	726	735	evaluated	T052	C1516048
27993470	739	745	assess	T052	C1516048
27993470	750	763	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
27993470	776	788	interpreting	T169	C1285553
27993470	789	791	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	794	801	induced	T169	C0205263
27993470	802	815	phytotoxicity	T037	C0600688
27993470	832	841	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27993470	846	859	approximately	T080	C0332232
27993470	870	875	lower	T052	C2003888
27993470	892	896	pods	T002	C0032098
27993470	903	915	consequently	T033	C3845876
27993470	916	921	lower	T052	C2003888
27993470	922	926	bulk	T122	C1337615
27993470	927	931	mass	T081	C1306372
27993470	935	940	seeds	T002	C0036563
27993470	994	1019	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
27993470	1033	1038	AOT40	T081	C0392762
27993470	1062	1088	No significant differences	T033	C3842396
27993470	1094	1102	observed	T169	C1441672
27993470	1110	1118	stomatal	T002	C1955855
27993470	1119	1126	density	T081	C0178587
27993470	1130	1141	conductance	T033	C0243095
27993470	1158	1167	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27993470	1184	1193	estimated	T081	C0750572
27993470	1208	1217	genotypes	T032	C0017431
27993470	1223	1230	abaxial	T082	C1254362
27993470	1231	1235	leaf	T002	C0242724
27993470	1236	1243	surface	T082	C0205148
27993470	1244	1255	contributes	T052	C1880177
27993470	1268	1270	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	1271	1277	intake	T169	C1512806
27993470	1281	1291	comparison	T052	C1707455
27993470	1299	1306	adaxial	T082	C1254362
27993470	1315	1322	testing	T169	C0039593
27993470	1335	1342	ambient	T080	C1879688
27993470	1343	1346	air	T167	C0001861
27993470	1347	1358	temperature	T081	C0039476
27993470	1362	1396	outdoor plant environment chambers	T073	C0179874
27993470	1398	1403	OPECs	T073	C0179874
27993470	1424	1433	increased	T081	C0205217
27993470	1434	1445	temperature	T081	C0039476
27993470	1446	1452	limits	T078	C1549649
27993470	1453	1459	mature	T079	C0205286
27993470	1460	1463	pod	T002	C0032098
27993470	1464	1473	formation	T169	C1522492
27993470	1478	1489	complicates	T169	C0231242
27993470	1508	1510	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	1511	1518	impacts	T080	C4049986
27993470	1531	1535	S156	T032	C0017431
27993470	1538	1542	R123	T032	C0017431
27993470	1543	1549	yields	T081	C0392762
27993470	1550	1556	ratios	T081	C0456603
27993470	1576	1581	study	T062	C2603343
27993470	1582	1591	providing	T052	C1999230
27993470	1592	1600	evidence	T078	C3887511
27993470	1607	1624	hormetic response	T040	C3178758
27993470	1628	1634	plants	T002	C0032098
27993470	1638	1645	ambient	T080	C1879688
27993470	1646	1649	air	T167	C0001861
27993470	1650	1661	temperature	T081	C0039476
27993470	1668	1673	study	T062	C2603343
27993470	1694	1704	complexity	T080	C0205556
27993470	1714	1719	yield	T081	C0392762
27993470	1725	1732	measure	T081	C0079809
27993470	1736	1738	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	1739	1745	impact	T080	C4049986
27993470	1753	1762	different	T080	C1705242
27993470	1763	1775	environments	T082	C0014406
27993470	1785	1794	snap bean	T002	C1510487
27993470	1795	1801	system	T169	C0449913
27993470	1811	1818	visible	T080	C0205379
27993470	1819	1832	foliar injury	T037	C3263722
27993470	1841	1853	consistently	T078	C0332290
27993470	1865	1867	O3	T103	C0030106
27993470	1868	1875	effects	T080	C1280500

27993519|t|Quo vadis G protein-coupled receptor ligands? A tool for analysis of the emergence of new groups of compounds over time
27993519|a|Exponential growth in the number of compounds with experimentally verified activity towards particular target has led to the emergence of various databases gathering data on biological activity. In this study, the ligands of family A of the G Protein-Coupled Receptors that are collected in the ChEMBL database were examined, and special attention was given to serotonin receptors. Sets of compounds were examined in terms of their appearance over time, they were mapped to the chemical space of drugs deposited in DrugBank, and the emergence of structurally new clusters of compounds was indicated. In addition, a tool for detailed analysis of the obtained visualizations was prepared and made available online at http://chem.gmum.net/vischem, which enables the investigation of chemical structures while referring to particular data points depicted in the figures and changes in compounds datasets over time.
27993519	10	44	G protein-coupled receptor ligands	T044	C1149462
27993519	57	65	analysis	T062	C0936012
27993519	73	82	emergence	T078	C0750573
27993519	90	96	groups	T078	C0441833
27993519	100	109	compounds	T103	C1706082
27993519	110	119	over time	T079	C0040223
27993519	120	131	Exponential	T081	C1552645
27993519	132	138	growth	T067	C2911660
27993519	146	152	number	T081	C0237753
27993519	156	165	compounds	T103	C1706082
27993519	171	185	experimentally	T080	C1517586
27993519	186	194	verified	T169	C1711411
27993519	195	203	activity	T052	C0441655
27993519	223	229	target	T169	C1521840
27993519	245	254	emergence	T078	C0750573
27993519	266	275	databases	T170	C0242356
27993519	286	290	data	T078	C1511726
27993519	294	304	biological	T080	C0205460
27993519	305	313	activity	T052	C0441655
27993519	323	328	study	T062	C2603343
27993519	334	341	ligands	T103	C0023688
27993519	345	388	family A of the G Protein-Coupled Receptors	T116,T192	C0682972
27993519	398	407	collected	T078	C1516695
27993519	415	430	ChEMBL database	T170	C0242356
27993519	436	444	examined	T033	C0332128
27993519	481	500	serotonin receptors	T116,T192	C0034838
27993519	502	506	Sets	T077	C1705195
27993519	510	519	compounds	T103	C1706082
27993519	525	533	examined	T033	C0332128
27993519	552	562	appearance	T080	C0700364
27993519	563	572	over time	T079	C0040223
27993519	584	590	mapped	T052	C1283195
27993519	598	612	chemical space	T104	C1254350
27993519	616	621	drugs	T121	C1254351
27993519	635	643	DrugBank	T170	C4255544
27993519	653	662	emergence	T078	C0750573
27993519	666	704	structurally new clusters of compounds	T104	C1254350
27993519	709	718	indicated	T033	C1444656
27993519	753	761	analysis	T062	C0936012
27993519	769	777	obtained	T169	C1301820
27993519	778	792	visualizations	T170	C1704922
27993519	797	805	prepared	T033	C4082130
27993519	815	824	available	T169	C0470187
27993519	825	831	online	UnknownType	C0683828
27993519	835	863	http://chem.gmum.net/vischem	T170	C0282574
27993519	883	896	investigation	T080	C1517586
27993519	900	919	chemical structures	T170	C0220807
27993519	926	935	referring	T169	C0205543
27993519	950	961	data points	T033	C3176122
27993519	978	985	figures	UnknownType	C0683878
27993519	990	997	changes	T169	C0392747
27993519	1001	1010	compounds	T103	C1706082
27993519	1011	1019	datasets	T170	C0150098
27993519	1020	1029	over time	T079	C0040223

27993971|t|The CD9, CD81, and CD151 EC2 domains bind to the classical RGD-binding site of integrin αvβ3
27993971|a|Tetraspanins play important roles in normal (e.g., cell adhesion, motility, activation, and proliferation), and pathological conditions (e.g., metastasis and viral infection). Tetraspanins interact with integrins and regulate integrin functions, but the specifics of tetraspanin - integrin interaction are unclear. Using co-immunoprecipitation with integrins as a sole method to detect interaction between integrins and full-length tetraspanins, it has been proposed that the variable region (helices D and E) of the extracellular-2 (EC2) of tetraspanins laterally associate with non-ligand-binding site of integrins. We describe that, using adhesion assays, the EC2 domain of CD81, CD9, and CD151 bound to integrin αvβ3 and this binding was suppressed by cRGDfV, a specific inhibitor of αvβ3, and antibody 7E3 that is mapped to the ligand-binding site of β3. We also present evidence that the specificity loop of β3 directly bound to the EC2 domains. This suggests that the EC2 domains specifically binds to the classical ligand-binding site of αvβ3. αvβ3 was a more effective receptor for the EC2 domains than previously known tetraspanin receptors α3β1, α4β1, and α6β1. Docking simulation predicted that the helices A and B of CD81 EC2 binds to the RGD-binding site of αvβ3. Substituting Lys residues at position 116, 144/148 of CD81 EC2 in the predicted integrin - binding interface reduced the binding of CD81 EC2 to αvβ3, consistent with the docking model. These findings suggest that, in contrast to previous models, the ligand-binding site of integrin αvβ3, a new tetraspanin receptor, binds to the constant region (helices A and B) of the EC2 domain.
27993971	4	7	CD9	T116,T129	C1701084
27993971	9	13	CD81	T116,T129	C1452163
27993971	19	24	CD151	T116,T129	C0389372
27993971	25	36	EC2 domains	T082	C1517050
27993971	37	41	bind	T044	C1167622
27993971	59	75	RGD-binding site	UnknownType	C0684162
27993971	79	92	integrin αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27993971	93	105	Tetraspanins	T116,T123	C3178812
27993971	121	126	roles	T077	C1705810
27993971	144	157	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
27993971	159	167	motility	T040	C0007608
27993971	169	179	activation	T043	C1326120
27993971	185	198	proliferation	T043	C0596290
27993971	205	217	pathological	T169	C1521733
27993971	218	228	conditions	T080	C0348080
27993971	236	246	metastasis	T046	C4255448
27993971	251	266	viral infection	T047	C0042769
27993971	269	281	Tetraspanins	T116,T123	C3178812
27993971	282	290	interact	T043	C0007582
27993971	296	305	integrins	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27993971	319	327	integrin	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27993971	328	337	functions	T044	C1148560
27993971	360	371	tetraspanin	T116,T123	C3178812
27993971	374	382	integrin	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27993971	383	394	interaction	T043	C0007582
27993971	399	406	unclear	T033	C3845108
27993971	414	436	co-immunoprecipitation	T059	C1449705
27993971	442	451	integrins	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27993971	479	490	interaction	T043	C0007582
27993971	499	508	integrins	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27993971	525	537	tetraspanins	T116,T123	C3178812
27993971	569	584	variable region	T082	C1254362
27993971	586	595	helices D	T082	C1254362
27993971	600	601	E	T082	C1254362
27993971	610	625	extracellular-2	T082	C1517050
27993971	627	630	EC2	T082	C1517050
27993971	635	647	tetraspanins	T116,T123	C3178812
27993971	658	672	associate with	T080	C0332281
27993971	673	696	non-ligand-binding site	T192	C0005456
27993971	700	709	integrins	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27993971	735	743	adhesion	T043	C0007577
27993971	744	750	assays	T059	C0005507
27993971	756	766	EC2 domain	T082	C1517050
27993971	770	774	CD81	T116,T129	C1452163
27993971	776	779	CD9	T116,T129	C1701084
27993971	785	790	CD151	T116,T129	C0389372
27993971	800	813	integrin αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27993971	823	830	binding	T044	C1167622
27993971	835	845	suppressed	T169	C1260953
27993971	849	855	cRGDfV	T116,T121	C0762960
27993971	868	877	inhibitor	T120	C0003139
27993971	881	885	αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27993971	891	903	antibody 7E3	T116,T121,T129	C0288672
27993971	926	945	ligand-binding site	T087	C0682969
27993971	949	951	β3	T116,T123	C0245726
27993971	999	1003	loop	T082	C0445022
27993971	1007	1009	β3	T116,T123	C0245726
27993971	1019	1024	bound	T044	C1167622
27993971	1032	1043	EC2 domains	T082	C1517050
27993971	1050	1058	suggests	T078	C1705535
27993971	1068	1079	EC2 domains	T082	C1517050
27993971	1093	1098	binds	T044	C1167622
27993971	1116	1135	ligand-binding site	T087	C0682969
27993971	1139	1143	αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27993971	1145	1149	αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27993971	1161	1170	effective	T080	C1704419
27993971	1171	1179	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27993971	1188	1199	EC2 domains	T082	C1517050
27993971	1222	1233	tetraspanin	T116,T123	C3178812
27993971	1234	1243	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
27993971	1244	1248	α3β1	T116,T192	C0246766
27993971	1250	1254	α4β1	T116,T192	C0209606
27993971	1260	1264	α6β1	T116,T192	C0246951
27993971	1266	1284	Docking simulation	T063	C3494273
27993971	1285	1294	predicted	T078	C0681842
27993971	1304	1313	helices A	T082	C1254362
27993971	1318	1319	B	T082	C1254362
27993971	1323	1327	CD81	T116,T129	C1452163
27993971	1328	1331	EC2	T082	C1517050
27993971	1332	1337	binds	T044	C1167622
27993971	1345	1361	RGD-binding site	UnknownType	C0684162
27993971	1365	1369	αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27993971	1384	1396	Lys residues	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
27993971	1400	1408	position	T082	C0733755
27993971	1425	1429	CD81	T116,T129	C1452163
27993971	1430	1433	EC2	T082	C1517050
27993971	1441	1450	predicted	T078	C0681842
27993971	1451	1459	integrin	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
27993971	1462	1469	binding	T044	C1167622
27993971	1480	1487	reduced	T080	C0392756
27993971	1492	1499	binding	T044	C1167622
27993971	1503	1507	CD81	T116,T129	C1452163
27993971	1508	1511	EC2	T082	C1517050
27993971	1515	1519	αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27993971	1521	1536	consistent with	T078	C0332290
27993971	1541	1554	docking model	T063	C3494273
27993971	1562	1570	findings	T033	C0243095
27993971	1571	1578	suggest	T078	C1705535
27993971	1585	1596	in contrast	T033	C3641828
27993971	1600	1608	previous	T079	C0205156
27993971	1609	1615	models	T170	C0026344
27993971	1621	1640	ligand-binding site	T087	C0682969
27993971	1644	1657	integrin αvβ3	T116,T192	C1138427
27993971	1665	1676	tetraspanin	T116,T123	C3178812
27993971	1677	1685	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27993971	1687	1692	binds	T044	C1167622
27993971	1700	1715	constant region	T082	C1254362
27993971	1717	1726	helices A	T082	C1254362
27993971	1731	1732	B	T082	C1254362
27993971	1741	1751	EC2 domain	T082	C1517050

27994143|t|Spatial heterogeneity of climate change as an experiential basis for skepticism
27994143|a|We postulate that skepticism about climate change is partially caused by the spatial heterogeneity of climate change, which exposes experiential learners to climate heuristics that differ from the global average. This hypothesis is tested by formalizing an index that measures local changes in climate using station data and comparing this index with survey-based model estimates of county - level opinion about whether global warming is happening. Results indicate that more stations exhibit cooling and warming than predicted by random chance and that spatial variations in these changes can account for spatial variations in the percentage of the population that believes that " global warming is happening ." This effect is diminished in areas that have experienced more record low temperatures than record highs since 2005. Together, these results suggest that skepticism about climate change is driven partially by personal experiences; an accurate heuristic for local changes in climate identifies obstacles to communicating ongoing changes in climate to the public and how these communications might be improved.
27994143	0	7	Spatial	T082	C1254362
27994143	8	21	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27994143	25	39	climate change	T070	C2718051
27994143	69	79	skepticism	T041	C1510638
27994143	98	108	skepticism	T041	C1510638
27994143	115	129	climate change	T070	C2718051
27994143	157	164	spatial	T082	C1254362
27994143	165	178	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
27994143	182	196	climate change	T070	C2718051
27994143	212	233	experiential learners	T098	C1257890
27994143	237	244	climate	T070	C0008946
27994143	245	255	heuristics	T170	C0597916
27994143	277	291	global average	T081	C0392762
27994143	298	308	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
27994143	348	356	measures	T081	C0079809
27994143	357	370	local changes	T169	C0392747
27994143	374	381	climate	T070	C0008946
27994143	388	400	station data	T078	C1511726
27994143	405	414	comparing	T052	C1707455
27994143	420	425	index	T170	C0918012
27994143	431	449	survey-based model	T062	C0038949
27994143	450	459	estimates	T081	C0750572
27994143	463	469	county	T083	C0079170
27994143	472	477	level	T080	C0441889
27994143	478	485	opinion	T041	C0871010
27994143	500	514	global warming	T069	C0206217
27994143	518	527	happening	T052	C1709305
27994143	529	536	Results	T169	C1274040
27994143	556	564	stations	T082	C1254362
27994143	573	580	cooling	T070	C0678568
27994143	585	592	warming	T070	C0687712
27994143	598	607	predicted	T078	C0681842
27994143	611	617	random	T080	C0439605
27994143	618	624	chance	T080	C0237506
27994143	634	641	spatial	T082	C1254362
27994143	642	652	variations	T080	C0205419
27994143	662	669	changes	T169	C0392747
27994143	686	693	spatial	T082	C1254362
27994143	694	704	variations	T080	C0205419
27994143	712	722	percentage	T081	C0439165
27994143	730	740	population	T098	C1257890
27994143	762	776	global warming	T069	C0206217
27994143	780	789	happening	T052	C1709305
27994143	798	804	effect	T080	C1280500
27994143	808	818	diminished	T081	C0205216
27994143	822	827	areas	T082	C0205146
27994143	855	861	record	T080	C2355580
27994143	862	878	low temperatures	T070	C0009264
27994143	884	890	record	T080	C2355580
27994143	891	896	highs	T080	C0205250
27994143	925	932	results	T169	C1274040
27994143	946	956	skepticism	T041	C1510638
27994143	963	977	climate change	T070	C2718051
27994143	1001	1021	personal experiences	T055	C0683573
27994143	1026	1034	accurate	T080	C0443131
27994143	1035	1044	heuristic	T170	C0597916
27994143	1049	1054	local	T082	C0205276
27994143	1055	1062	changes	T169	C0392747
27994143	1066	1073	climate	T070	C0008946
27994143	1074	1084	identifies	T080	C0205396
27994143	1085	1094	obstacles	T033	C0033213
27994143	1098	1111	communicating	T169	C0205196
27994143	1120	1127	changes	T169	C0392747
27994143	1131	1138	climate	T070	C0008946
27994143	1146	1152	public	T092	C0678367
27994143	1167	1181	communications	T054	C0009452
27994143	1191	1199	improved	T033	C0184511

27994293|t|Expression IRF / MUM1 >25% Predictor to Three- year Survival of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma in the Immunochemotherapy Era
27994293|a|Non Hodgkin lymphoma - Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBC) is composed of more varieties of one disease. Analysis and understanding of a wide range of characteristics of the disease, which include: clinical, immunohistochemical, cytogenetic and molecular characteristics may improve treatment results. achieving the estimated three- year survival and influence of IRF / MUM1 expression to three- year survival. A study was retrospective-prospective, patients were followed for seven years a period of dine. The study included 60 patients de novo DLBCL. Age was 18-72 years old, the average age 45 years, male 31 (51,7%) and female 29 (48.3%). Median follow-up was 47 months (3-91 months). To determine differentiation immunophenotype antibodies those were used anti-CD20, anti-CD10, anti-Bcl-6, IRF-4 / MUM1, CD 138. Included the GCB type was 65%. Impact prognostic index IPI >2 GBC vs non GBC p=0,038 X(2). Statistically significant difference was confirmed compared to the IPI > 2 to 3 year OS p<0,0005 X(2). Significantly longer three- year survival was provided in the group GCB 36 (92,3%) vs. non GCB 8 (38,1%) p=0,003 X(2). Clinical and immunohistochemical factors showed a significant impact to three- year survival by univariate: LDH p=0,005, MUM1 p=0,003, while CD10 p=0,069 was confirmed on the level of borderline impact. Using multivariate analysis, expression MUM1 has the greatest impact p<0.0005 OR=0.083 (95% CI 0.23-0.303) on the disease outcome - three- year survival. expression MUM1 >25% has the greatest impact on the disease outcome - three- year survival.
27994293	0	10	Expression	T045	C1171362
27994293	11	14	IRF	T116,T123	C1564741
27994293	17	21	MUM1	T116,T123	C0299544
27994293	27	36	Predictor	T078	C2698872
27994293	47	51	year	T079	C0439234
27994293	52	60	Survival	T052	C0038952
27994293	64	93	Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma	T191	C0079744
27994293	101	119	Immunochemotherapy	T061	C4087148
27994293	124	144	Non Hodgkin lymphoma	T191	C0024305
27994293	147	176	Diffuse large B cell lymphoma	T191	C0079744
27994293	178	182	DLBC	T191	C0079744
27994293	204	213	varieties	T077	C2346866
27994293	221	228	disease	T047	C0012634
27994293	230	238	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27994293	276	306	characteristics of the disease	T046	C0599878
27994293	323	331	clinical	T201	C0683325
27994293	333	352	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
27994293	354	365	cytogenetic	T033	C4055168
27994293	370	379	molecular	T080	C1521991
27994293	380	395	characteristics	T080	C1521970
27994293	400	407	improve	T033	C0184511
27994293	408	417	treatment	T169	C0039798
27994293	418	425	results	T169	C1274040
27994293	458	462	year	T079	C0439234
27994293	463	471	survival	T052	C0038952
27994293	489	492	IRF	T116,T123	C1564741
27994293	495	499	MUM1	T116,T123	C0299544
27994293	500	510	expression	T045	C1171362
27994293	521	525	year	T079	C0439234
27994293	526	534	survival	T052	C0038952
27994293	538	573	study was retrospective-prospective	UnknownType	C0681849
27994293	575	583	patients	T101	C0030705
27994293	608	613	years	T079	C0439234
27994293	616	622	period	T079	C1948053
27994293	636	641	study	T062	C2603343
27994293	654	662	patients	T101	C0030705
27994293	663	670	de novo	T078	C1515568
27994293	671	676	DLBCL	T191	C0079744
27994293	678	681	Age	T032	C0001779
27994293	692	697	years	T079	C0439234
27994293	707	714	average	T081	C1510992
27994293	715	718	age	T032	C0001779
27994293	722	727	years	T079	C0439234
27994293	729	733	male	T032	C0086582
27994293	749	755	female	T032	C0086287
27994293	768	774	Median	T082	C2939193
27994293	775	784	follow-up	T033	C0260832
27994293	792	798	months	T079	C0439231
27994293	805	811	months	T079	C0439231
27994293	827	842	differentiation	T129	C0003324
27994293	843	858	immunophenotype	T059	C0079611
27994293	859	869	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
27994293	886	895	anti-CD20	T116,T129	C3891557
27994293	897	906	anti-CD10	T116,T129	C3900024
27994293	908	918	anti-Bcl-6	T116,T129	C0003241
27994293	920	925	IRF-4	T116,T123	C0299544
27994293	928	932	MUM1	T116,T123	C0299544
27994293	934	940	CD 138	T116,T123	C1609943
27994293	955	963	GCB type	T191	C1333295
27994293	973	996	Impact prognostic index	T170	C1512894
27994293	997	1000	IPI	T170	C1512894
27994293	1004	1007	GBC	T191	C1333295
27994293	1011	1014	non	T033	C1513916
27994293	1015	1018	GBC	T191	C1333295
27994293	1033	1058	Statistically significant	T081	C0237881
27994293	1059	1069	difference	T081	C1705241
27994293	1084	1092	compared	T052	C1707455
27994293	1100	1103	IPI	T170	C1512894
27994293	1113	1117	year	T079	C0439234
27994293	1164	1168	year	T079	C0439234
27994293	1169	1177	survival	T052	C0038952
27994293	1204	1207	GCB	T191	C1333295
27994293	1227	1230	GCB	T191	C1333295
27994293	1255	1263	Clinical	T201	C0683325
27994293	1268	1295	immunohistochemical factors	T080	C0205556
27994293	1305	1323	significant impact	T080	C4049986
27994293	1334	1338	year	T079	C0439234
27994293	1339	1347	survival	T052	C0038952
27994293	1351	1361	univariate	T062	C0683962
27994293	1363	1366	LDH	T116,T126	C0022917
27994293	1376	1380	MUM1	T116,T123	C0299544
27994293	1396	1400	CD10	T116,T126	C0025250
27994293	1439	1449	borderline	T080	C0205189
27994293	1464	1485	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
27994293	1487	1497	expression	T045	C1171362
27994293	1498	1502	MUM1	T116,T123	C0299544
27994293	1520	1526	impact	T080	C4049986
27994293	1572	1587	disease outcome	T033	C0679250
27994293	1597	1601	year	T079	C0439234
27994293	1602	1610	survival	T052	C0038952
27994293	1612	1622	expression	T045	C1171362
27994293	1623	1627	MUM1	T116,T123	C0299544
27994293	1650	1656	impact	T080	C4049986
27994293	1664	1679	disease outcome	T033	C0679250
27994293	1689	1693	year	T079	C0439234
27994293	1694	1702	survival	T052	C0038952

27994448|t|Clinical and radiological outcome following pneumothorax after endoscopic lung volume reduction with valves
27994448|a|Valve implantation has evolved as a therapy for patients with advanced emphysema. Although it is a minimally invasive treatmen t, it is associated with complications, the most common being pneumothorax. Pneumothorax occurs due to the rapid target lobe volume reduction and may be a predictor of clinical benefit despite this complication. The objective of this study was to conduct an exploratory data analysis of patients who developed a pneumothorax following endoscopic valve therapy for emphysema. This study performed a retrospective evaluation of pneumothorax management and the impact of pneumothorax on clinical outcomes in 70 patients following valve therapy in 381 consecutive patients. Pneumothorax rate following valve therapy was 18%. Pneumothorax management consisted of chest tube insertion, valve removal, and surgical intervention in 87% (61/70), 44% (31/70), and 19% (13/70) of the patients, respectively. Despite pneumothorax, patients experienced modest but significant improvements in lung function parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 second: 55±148 mL, residual volume: -390±964 mL, total lung capacity: -348±876; all P<0.05). Persistent lobar atelectasis 3 months after recovering from pneumothorax, which was associated with relevant clinical improvement, was observed in only 21% (15/70) of the patients. Pneumothorax is a frequent severe complication following valve therapy that requires further intervention. Nevertheless, the pneumothorax does not impair the clinical status in the majority of patients. Patients with lobar atelectasis benefit after recovering from pneumothorax in terms of lung function parameters.
27994448	0	8	Clinical	T033	C2985631
27994448	13	25	radiological	T060	C0043299
27994448	26	33	outcome	T169	C1274040
27994448	44	56	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	63	95	endoscopic lung volume reduction	T061	C0375931
27994448	101	107	valves	T074	C0042296
27994448	108	113	Valve	T074	C0042296
27994448	114	126	implantation	T061	C0021107
27994448	144	151	therapy	T061	C0087111
27994448	156	164	patients	T101	C0030705
27994448	170	178	advanced	T080	C0205179
27994448	179	188	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27994448	207	234	minimally invasive treatmen	T061	C0282624
27994448	244	259	associated with	T080	C0332281
27994448	260	273	complications	T046	C0009566
27994448	284	290	common	T081	C0205214
27994448	297	309	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	311	323	Pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	342	347	rapid	T080	C0456962
27994448	348	354	target	T169	C1521840
27994448	355	359	lobe	T023	C0225752
27994448	360	376	volume reduction	T061	C0524689
27994448	390	399	predictor	T078	C2698872
27994448	403	411	clinical	T080	C0205210
27994448	412	419	benefit	T081	C0814225
27994448	433	445	complication	T046	C0009566
27994448	451	460	objective	T170	C0018017
27994448	469	474	study	T062	C2603343
27994448	493	518	exploratory data analysis	T080	C3899452
27994448	522	530	patients	T101	C0030705
27994448	547	559	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	570	594	endoscopic valve therapy	T061	C0087111
27994448	599	608	emphysema	T047	C0034067
27994448	615	620	study	T062	C2603343
27994448	621	630	performed	T169	C0884358
27994448	633	657	retrospective evaluation	T062	C0035363
27994448	661	673	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	674	684	management	T058	C0376636
27994448	693	699	impact	T080	C4049986
27994448	703	715	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	719	736	clinical outcomes	T033	C2985631
27994448	743	751	patients	T101	C0030705
27994448	762	775	valve therapy	T061	C0087111
27994448	783	794	consecutive	T080	C1707491
27994448	795	803	patients	T101	C0030705
27994448	805	817	Pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	818	822	rate	T081	C0026538
27994448	833	846	valve therapy	T061	C0087111
27994448	856	868	Pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	869	879	management	T058	C0376636
27994448	893	913	chest tube insertion	T061	C0189476
27994448	915	920	valve	T074	C0042296
27994448	921	928	removal	T061	C0015252
27994448	934	955	surgical intervention	T033	C0549433
27994448	1008	1016	patients	T101	C0030705
27994448	1040	1052	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	1054	1062	patients	T101	C0030705
27994448	1075	1081	modest	T080	C0205081
27994448	1086	1097	significant	T078	C0750502
27994448	1098	1110	improvements	T077	C2986411
27994448	1114	1127	lung function	T042	C0231921
27994448	1128	1138	parameters	T077	C0549193
27994448	1140	1164	forced expiratory volume	T042	C0016529
27994448	1189	1204	residual volume	T201	C0035190
27994448	1219	1238	total lung capacity	T033	C0040509
27994448	1263	1273	Persistent	T079	C0205322
27994448	1274	1291	lobar atelectasis	T046	C0004144
27994448	1307	1317	recovering	T077	C1709864
27994448	1323	1335	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	1347	1362	associated with	T080	C0332281
27994448	1363	1371	relevant	T080	C2347946
27994448	1372	1380	clinical	T080	C0205210
27994448	1381	1392	improvement	T077	C2986411
27994448	1398	1406	observed	T169	C1441672
27994448	1434	1442	patients	T101	C0030705
27994448	1444	1456	Pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	1462	1470	frequent	T079	C0332183
27994448	1471	1477	severe	T080	C0205082
27994448	1478	1490	complication	T046	C0009566
27994448	1501	1514	valve therapy	T061	C0087111
27994448	1537	1549	intervention	T061	C0184661
27994448	1569	1581	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	1591	1597	impair	T169	C0221099
27994448	1602	1617	clinical status	T080	C0449440
27994448	1637	1645	patients	T101	C0030705
27994448	1647	1655	Patients	T101	C0030705
27994448	1661	1678	lobar atelectasis	T046	C0004144
27994448	1679	1686	benefit	T081	C0814225
27994448	1693	1703	recovering	T077	C1709864
27994448	1709	1721	pneumothorax	T047	C0032326
27994448	1734	1747	lung function	T042	C0231921
27994448	1748	1758	parameters	T077	C0549193

27994535|t|3Mo: A Model for Music - Based Biofeedback
27994535|a|In the domain of sports and motor rehabilitation, it is of major importance to regulate and control physiological processes and physical motion in most optimal ways. For that purpose, real-time auditory feedback of physiological and physical information based on sound signals, often termed " sonification ," has been proven particularly useful. However, the use of music in biofeedback systems has been much less explored. In the current article, we assert that the use of music, and musical principles, can have a major added value, on top of mere sound signals, to the benefit of psychological and physical optimization of sports and motor rehabilitation tasks. In this article, we present the 3Mo model to describe three main functions of music that contribute to these benefits. These functions relate the power of music to Motivate, and to Monitor and Modify physiological and physical processes. The model brings together concepts and theories related to human sensorimotor interaction with music, and specifies the underlying psychological and physiological principles. This 3Mo model is intended to provide a conceptual framework that guides future research on musical biofeedback systems in the domain of sports and motor rehabilitation. Journal
27994535	0	3	3Mo	T075	C0026336
27994535	7	12	Model	T075	C0026336
27994535	17	22	Music	T170	C0026867
27994535	25	30	Based	T169	C1527178
27994535	31	42	Biofeedback	T061	C0005491
27994535	50	56	domain	T169	C1880389
27994535	60	66	sports	T056	C0038039
27994535	71	76	motor	T038	C0234130
27994535	77	91	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27994535	102	107	major	T080	C0205164
27994535	108	118	importance	T080	C3898777
27994535	122	130	regulate	T038	C1327622
27994535	135	142	control	T169	C2587213
27994535	143	166	physiological processes	T039	C0031845
27994535	171	186	physical motion	T070	C0026597
27994535	190	194	most	T081	C0205393
27994535	195	202	optimal	T080	C2698651
27994535	218	225	purpose	T169	C1285529
27994535	227	236	real-time	T079	C1550177
27994535	237	254	auditory feedback	T041	C0596134
27994535	258	271	physiological	T169	C0205463
27994535	276	284	physical	T169	C0205485
27994535	285	296	information	T078	C1533716
27994535	297	302	based	T169	C1527178
27994535	306	319	sound signals	T070	C0037709
27994535	336	348	sonification	T169	C0449851
27994535	361	367	proven	T080	C0456369
27994535	381	387	useful	T080	C3827682
27994535	402	405	use	T169	C0457083
27994535	409	414	music	T170	C0026867
27994535	418	429	biofeedback	T061	C0005491
27994535	430	437	systems	T169	C0449913
27994535	452	456	less	T081	C0439092
27994535	457	465	explored	T061	C1280903
27994535	474	481	current	T079	C0521116
27994535	482	489	article	T170	C1706852
27994535	510	513	use	T169	C0457083
27994535	517	522	music	T170	C0026867
27994535	528	535	musical	T170	C0026867
27994535	536	546	principles	T078	C0178566
27994535	559	564	major	T080	C0205164
27994535	571	576	value	T170	C1554112
27994535	588	592	mere	T080	C0547040
27994535	593	606	sound signals	T070	C0037709
27994535	615	622	benefit	T081	C0814225
27994535	626	639	psychological	T169	C0205486
27994535	644	652	physical	T169	C0205485
27994535	653	665	optimization	T052	C2698650
27994535	669	675	sports	T056	C0038039
27994535	680	685	motor	T038	C0234130
27994535	686	700	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
27994535	701	706	tasks	T057	C3540678
27994535	716	723	article	T170	C1706852
27994535	728	735	present	T078	C0449450
27994535	740	749	3Mo model	T075	C0026336
27994535	768	772	main	T080	C1542147
27994535	773	782	functions	T169	C0542341
27994535	786	791	music	T170	C0026867
27994535	797	807	contribute	T052	C1880177
27994535	817	825	benefits	T081	C0814225
27994535	833	842	functions	T169	C0542341
27994535	854	859	power	T078	C0808080
27994535	863	868	music	T170	C0026867
27994535	872	880	Motivate	T041	C0026605
27994535	889	896	Monitor	T058	C1283169
27994535	901	907	Modify	T169	C0392747
27994535	908	921	physiological	T169	C0205463
27994535	926	934	physical	T169	C0205485
27994535	935	944	processes	T067	C1522240
27994535	950	955	model	T075	C0026336
27994535	972	980	concepts	T078	C0178566
27994535	985	993	theories	T078	C0871935
27994535	1005	1010	human	T016	C0086418
27994535	1011	1035	sensorimotor interaction	T040	C0237434
27994535	1041	1046	music	T170	C0026867
27994535	1052	1061	specifies	T080	C1521902
27994535	1077	1090	psychological	T169	C0205486
27994535	1095	1108	physiological	T169	C0205463
27994535	1109	1119	principles	T078	C0178566
27994535	1126	1135	3Mo model	T075	C0026336
27994535	1139	1147	intended	T080	C1283828
27994535	1151	1158	provide	T052	C1999230
27994535	1161	1181	conceptual framework	T077	C1254372
27994535	1187	1193	guides	T170	C0681464
27994535	1194	1200	future	T079	C0016884
27994535	1201	1209	research	T062	C0035168
27994535	1213	1220	musical	T170	C0026867
27994535	1221	1232	biofeedback	T061	C0005491
27994535	1233	1240	systems	T169	C0449913
27994535	1248	1254	domain	T169	C1880389
27994535	1258	1264	sports	T056	C0038039
27994535	1269	1274	motor	T038	C0234130
27994535	1275	1289	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992

27994578|t|Comparative In silico Analysis of Butyrate Production Pathways in Gut Commensals and Pathogens
27994578|a|Biosynthesis of butyrate by commensal bacteria plays a crucial role in maintenance of human gut health while dysbiosis in gut microbiome has been linked to several enteric disorders. Contrastingly, butyrate shows cytotoxic effects in patients with oral diseases like periodontal infections and oral cancer. In addition to these host associations, few syntrophic bacteria couple butyrate degradation with sulfate reduction and methane production. Thus, it becomes imperative to understand the distribution of butyrate metabolism pathways and delineate differences in substrate utilization between pathogens and commensals. The bacteria utilize four pathways for butyrate production with different initial substrates (Pyruvate, 4-aminobutyrate, Glutarate and Lysine) which follow a polyphyletic distribution. A comprehensive mining of complete / draft bacterial genomes indicated conserved juxtaposed genomic arrangement in all these pathways. This gene context information was utilized for an accurate annotation of butyrate production pathways in bacterial genomes. Interestingly, our analysis showed that inspite of a beneficial impact of butyrate in gut, not only commensals, but a few gut pathogens also possess butyrogenic pathways. The results further illustrated that all the gut commensal bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Butyrivibrio, and commensal species of Clostridia etc) ferment pyruvate for butyrate production. On the contrary, the butyrogenic gut pathogen Fusobacterium utilizes different amino acid metabolism pathways like those for Glutamate (4-aminobutyrate and Glutarate) and Lysine for butyrogenesis which leads to a concomitant release of harmful by-products like ammonia in the process. The findings in this study indicate that commensals and pathogens in gut have divergently evolved to produce butyrate using distinct pathways. No such evolutionary selection was observed in oral pathogens (Porphyromonas and Filifactor) which showed presence of pyruvate as well as amino acid fermenting pathways which might be because the final product butyrate is itself known to be cytotoxic in oral diseases. This differential utilization of butyrogenic pathways in gut pathogens and commensals has an enormous ecological impact taking into consideration the immense influence of butyrate on different disorders in humans. The results of this study can potentially guide bioengineering experiments to design therapeutics / probiotics by manipulation of butyrate biosynthesis gene clusters in bacteria.
27994578	12	21	In silico	T066	C3489666
27994578	22	30	Analysis	T062	C0936012
27994578	34	42	Butyrate	T109	C0220802
27994578	43	62	Production Pathways	T044	C1721101
27994578	66	80	Gut Commensals	T001	C4018878
27994578	85	94	Pathogens	T001	C0450254
27994578	95	119	Biosynthesis of butyrate	T044	C1157706
27994578	123	141	commensal bacteria	T007	C0004611
27994578	181	190	human gut	T023	C0699819
27994578	191	197	health	T078	C0018684
27994578	204	213	dysbiosis	T046	C3658208
27994578	217	231	gut microbiome	T001	C4018878
27994578	259	276	enteric disorders	T047	C0012634
27994578	293	301	butyrate	T109	C0220802
27994578	308	325	cytotoxic effects	T169	C1511636
27994578	329	337	patients	T101	C0030705
27994578	343	356	oral diseases	T047	C0026636
27994578	362	384	periodontal infections	T047	C0747479
27994578	389	400	oral cancer	T191	C0153381
27994578	423	440	host associations	T067	C0596306
27994578	446	465	syntrophic bacteria	T007	C0004611
27994578	466	493	couple butyrate degradation	T044	C1158140
27994578	499	516	sulfate reduction	T044	C1159420
27994578	521	539	methane production	T040	C1855163
27994578	587	599	distribution	T169	C1704711
27994578	603	631	butyrate metabolism pathways	T044	C1158849
27994578	636	657	delineate differences	T080	C1705242
27994578	661	682	substrate utilization	T169	C0042153
27994578	691	700	pathogens	T001	C0450254
27994578	705	715	commensals	T007	C0004611
27994578	721	729	bacteria	T007	C0004611
27994578	743	751	pathways	T044	C1704259
27994578	756	775	butyrate production	T044	C1157706
27994578	799	809	substrates	T167	C3891814
27994578	811	819	Pyruvate	T109,T123	C0244104
27994578	821	836	4-aminobutyrate	T116,T121,T123	C0178649
27994578	838	847	Glutarate	T109	C0017816
27994578	852	858	Lysine	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
27994578	875	887	polyphyletic	T185	C1709533
27994578	888	900	distribution	T169	C1704711
27994578	904	924	comprehensive mining	T033	C0243095
27994578	928	936	complete	T080	C0205197
27994578	939	944	draft	T170	C1547277
27994578	945	962	bacterial genomes	T028	C0085238
27994578	973	993	conserved juxtaposed	T082	C1254362
27994578	994	1013	genomic arrangement	T082	C1704972
27994578	1027	1035	pathways	T044	C1704259
27994578	1042	1066	gene context information	T170	C0872179
27994578	1087	1106	accurate annotation	T170	C1706814
27994578	1110	1138	butyrate production pathways	T044	C1157706
27994578	1142	1159	bacterial genomes	T028	C0085238
27994578	1180	1188	analysis	T062	C0936012
27994578	1214	1231	beneficial impact	T080	C4049986
27994578	1235	1243	butyrate	T109	C0220802
27994578	1247	1250	gut	T023	C0699819
27994578	1261	1271	commensals	T001	C4018878
27994578	1283	1296	gut pathogens	T033	C4072750
27994578	1310	1330	butyrogenic pathways	T044	C1157706
27994578	1377	1399	gut commensal bacteria	T007	C0004611
27994578	1401	1417	Faecalibacterium	T007	C1229075
27994578	1419	1428	Roseburia	T007	C0995401
27994578	1430	1442	Butyrivibrio	T007	C0315034
27994578	1448	1479	commensal species of Clostridia	T007	C0009054
27994578	1485	1501	ferment pyruvate	T044	C1327317
27994578	1506	1525	butyrate production	T044	C1157706
27994578	1548	1572	butyrogenic gut pathogen	T033	C4072750
27994578	1573	1586	Fusobacterium	T007	C0016878
27994578	1606	1636	amino acid metabolism pathways	T044	C1510864
27994578	1652	1661	Glutamate	T116,T123	C0220839
27994578	1663	1678	4-aminobutyrate	T116,T121,T123	C0178649
27994578	1683	1692	Glutarate	T109	C0017816
27994578	1698	1704	Lysine	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
27994578	1709	1722	butyrogenesis	T044	C1157706
27994578	1740	1751	concomitant	T079	C0521115
27994578	1763	1770	harmful	T080	C0205556
27994578	1771	1782	by-products	T071	C1514468
27994578	1788	1795	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27994578	1853	1863	commensals	T001	C4018878
27994578	1868	1884	pathogens in gut	T033	C4072750
27994578	1921	1929	butyrate	T109	C0220802
27994578	1936	1953	distinct pathways	T044	C1704259
27994578	2002	2016	oral pathogens	T001	C0450254
27994578	2018	2031	Porphyromonas	T007	C0206347
27994578	2036	2046	Filifactor	T007	C1082714
27994578	2073	2123	pyruvate as well as amino acid fermenting pathways	T044	C1156744
27994578	2165	2173	butyrate	T109	C0220802
27994578	2196	2205	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
27994578	2209	2222	oral diseases	T047	C0026636
27994578	2257	2277	butyrogenic pathways	T044	C1157706
27994578	2281	2294	gut pathogens	T033	C4072750
27994578	2299	2309	commensals	T001	C4018878
27994578	2317	2343	enormous ecological impact	T067	C0282165
27994578	2374	2391	immense influence	T077	C4054723
27994578	2395	2403	butyrate	T109	C0220802
27994578	2486	2500	bioengineering	T090	C2717958
27994578	2501	2512	experiments	T062	C0868962
27994578	2523	2535	therapeutics	T169	C0302350
27994578	2538	2548	probiotics	T007	C0525033
27994578	2552	2564	manipulation	T063	C0017387
27994578	2568	2589	butyrate biosynthesis	T044	C1157706
27994578	2590	2603	gene clusters	T028	C0017258
27994578	2607	2615	bacteria	T007	C0004611

27994640|t|Analysis of tilianin and acacetin in Agastache rugosa by high-performance liquid chromatography with ionic liquids - ultrasound based extraction
27994640|a|Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide - methanol -based ultrasonic -assisted extraction (ILUAE) was used to extract tilianin and acacetin from the aerial parts of Agastache rugose (A. rugose), and simultaneously determined by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with ultraviolet detection (RP-HPLC-UV). An InertSustain RP-C18 column was used with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.2% acetic acid as gradient elution at the detection wavelength of 332 nm. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min, and the column temperature was 30 °C. Under the optimized conditions, tilianin and acacetin displayed good linearity in the ranges of 0.0595-4.76 and 0.0585-4.68 μg/mL, respectively, with the average recoveries being 96.93 and 97.88%, respectively. The method of ILUAE was compared with the traditional methods, it exhibited higher efficiency, higher reproducibility and environmental friendly in analyzing the active compounds in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs).
27994640	0	8	Analysis	T059	C0002778
27994640	12	20	tilianin	T109	C0966451
27994640	25	33	acacetin	T109	C0100994
27994640	37	53	Agastache rugosa	T002	C1008095
27994640	57	95	high-performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562
27994640	101	114	ionic liquids	T103	C1720867
27994640	117	127	ultrasound	T169	C0220934
27994640	134	144	extraction	T059	C0684295
27994640	145	157	Ionic liquid	T103	C1720867
27994640	158	193	1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide	T109	C1956443
27994640	196	204	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27994640	212	222	ultrasonic	T169	C0220934
27994640	233	243	extraction	T059	C0684295
27994640	245	250	ILUAE	T059	C0684295
27994640	264	271	extract	T059	C0684295
27994640	272	280	tilianin	T109	C0966451
27994640	285	293	acacetin	T109	C0100994
27994640	303	315	aerial parts	T002	C1136056
27994640	319	335	Agastache rugose	T002	C1008095
27994640	337	346	A. rugose	T002	C1008095
27994640	382	436	reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic	T059	C2717789
27994640	438	445	RP-HPLC	T059	C2717789
27994640	459	480	ultraviolet detection	T170	C0449335
27994640	482	493	RP-HPLC-UV)	T170	C0449335
27994640	498	524	InertSustain RP-C18 column	T075	C1705246
27994640	543	555	mobile phase	T130	C3469601
27994640	570	578	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
27994640	588	599	acetic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
27994640	603	611	gradient	T081	C0812409
27994640	612	619	elution	T059	C1441565
27994640	627	647	detection wavelength	T081	C0449819
27994640	663	672	flow rate	T081	C2826285
27994640	697	703	column	T075	C1705246
27994640	704	715	temperature	T081	C0039476
27994640	737	746	optimized	T052	C2698650
27994640	747	757	conditions	T080	C0348080
27994640	759	767	tilianin	T109	C0966451
27994640	772	780	acacetin	T109	C0100994
27994640	942	948	method	T169	C0449851
27994640	952	957	ILUAE	T059	C0684295
27994640	980	999	traditional methods	T169	C0449851
27994640	1014	1020	higher	T080	C0205250
27994640	1021	1031	efficiency	T081	C0013682
27994640	1033	1039	higher	T080	C0205250
27994640	1040	1055	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
27994640	1060	1082	environmental friendly	T082	C0014406
27994640	1100	1106	active	T169	C0205177
27994640	1107	1116	compounds	T103	C1706082
27994640	1120	1149	traditional Chinese medicines	T091	C0025124
27994640	1151	1155	TCMs	T091	C0025124

27994743|t|On-Demand Drug Delivery System Using Micro-organogels with Gold Nanorods
27994743|a|In this study, we designed a biocompatible drug carrier: micro-organogels prepared by emulsification using vegetable oils and self-assembled gelator fibers. Flurbiprofen was chosen as a hydrophobic model drug and is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In the absence of NIR light, flurbiprofen encapsulated in micro-organogels with gold nanorods (GNRs) was released slowly, while release was accelerated in the presence of NIR light due to the increase in the temperature surrounding the GNRs that transforms the gels into liquid. These results suggest that our system can be efficiently used as a versatile scaffold for on-demand drug delivery systems.
27994743	0	9	On-Demand	T061	C0441516
27994743	10	30	Drug Delivery System	T074	C0085104
27994743	37	53	Micro-organogels	T122	C0017243
27994743	59	63	Gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27994743	64	72	Nanorods	T073	C1720846
27994743	91	99	designed	T052	C1707689
27994743	102	115	biocompatible	T122	C0005479
27994743	116	128	drug carrier	T122	C0013161
27994743	130	146	micro-organogels	T122	C0017243
27994743	159	173	emulsification	T061	C1292839
27994743	180	194	vegetable oils	T109,T168	C0042438
27994743	199	213	self-assembled	T044	C0872376
27994743	214	228	gelator fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
27994743	230	242	Flurbiprofen	T109,T121	C0016377
27994743	259	270	hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
27994743	271	281	model drug	T121	C1254351
27994743	305	340	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug	T121	C3536840
27994743	349	356	absence	T169	C0332197
27994743	360	369	NIR light	T070	C0021431
27994743	371	383	flurbiprofen	T109,T121	C0016377
27994743	384	396	encapsulated	T067	C2348438
27994743	400	416	micro-organogels	T122	C0017243
27994743	422	426	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
27994743	427	435	nanorods	T073	C1720846
27994743	437	441	GNRs	T073	C1720846
27994743	447	455	released	T169	C0391871
27994743	456	462	slowly	T080	C0439834
27994743	470	477	release	T169	C0391871
27994743	482	493	accelerated	T169	C0521110
27994743	501	509	presence	T033	C0150312
27994743	513	522	NIR light	T070	C0021431
27994743	534	542	increase	T169	C0442805
27994743	550	561	temperature	T081	C0039476
27994743	562	573	surrounding	T082	C1282914
27994743	578	582	GNRs	T073	C1720846
27994743	603	607	gels	T122	C0017243
27994743	613	619	liquid	T167	C0302908
27994743	652	658	system	T169	C0449913
27994743	666	677	efficiently	T080	C0442799
27994743	698	706	scaffold	T073	C0337143
27994743	711	720	on-demand	T061	C0441516
27994743	721	742	drug delivery systems	T074	C0085104

27994747|t|Discovery and Optimization of a Novel Triazole Series of GPR142 Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
27994747|a|GPR142 has been identified as a potential glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A class of triazole GPR142 agonists was discovered through a high throughput screen. The lead compound 4 suffered from poor metabolic stability and poor solubility. Lead optimization strategies to improve potency, efficacy, metabolic stability, and solubility are described. This optimization led to compound 20e, which showed significant reduction of glucose excursion in wild-type but not in GPR142 deficient mice in an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) study. These studies provide strong evidence that reduction of glucose excursion through treatment with 20e is GPR142 -mediated, and GPR142 agonists could be used as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes.
27994747	0	9	Discovery	T052	C1880355
27994747	14	26	Optimization	T052	C2698650
27994747	32	37	Novel	T080	C0205314
27994747	38	53	Triazole Series	T109,T121	C1689939
27994747	57	63	GPR142	T116,T192	C1570380
27994747	64	72	Agonists	T121	C0243192
27994747	81	90	Treatment	T169	C1522326
27994747	94	109	Type 2 Diabetes	T047	C0011860
27994747	110	116	GPR142	T116,T192	C1570380
27994747	142	151	potential	T080	C3245505
27994747	152	188	glucose-stimulated insulin secretion	T043	C2245393
27994747	190	194	GSIS	T043	C2245393
27994747	196	202	target	T169	C1521840
27994747	211	220	treatment	T169	C1522326
27994747	224	248	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27994747	250	254	T2DM	T047	C0011860
27994747	259	276	class of triazole	T109,T121	C1689939
27994747	277	283	GPR142	T116,T192	C1570380
27994747	284	292	agonists	T121	C0243192
27994747	297	307	discovered	T052	C1880355
27994747	318	340	high throughput screen	T060	C0872187
27994747	346	361	lead compound 4	T121	C1254351
27994747	376	380	poor	T080	C0542537
27994747	381	390	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27994747	391	400	stability	T080	C0205360
27994747	405	409	poor	T080	C0542537
27994747	410	420	solubility	T080	C0037628
27994747	427	439	optimization	T052	C2698650
27994747	454	461	improve	T033	C0184511
27994747	462	469	potency	T080	C0205556
27994747	471	479	efficacy	T080	C1280519
27994747	481	490	metabolic	T169	C0311400
27994747	491	500	stability	T080	C0205360
27994747	506	516	solubility	T080	C0037628
27994747	537	549	optimization	T052	C2698650
27994747	557	569	compound 20e	T121	C1254351
27994747	596	605	reduction	T080	C0392756
27994747	609	626	glucose excursion	T034	C0428548
27994747	630	639	wild-type	T015	C1520150
27994747	651	657	GPR142	T116,T192	C1723023
27994747	658	667	deficient	T169	C0011155
27994747	668	672	mice	T015	C0025929
27994747	679	706	oral glucose tolerance test	T060	C0029161
27994747	708	712	oGTT	T060	C0029161
27994747	727	734	studies	T062	C2603343
27994747	764	773	reduction	T080	C0392756
27994747	777	794	glucose excursion	T034	C0428548
27994747	803	812	treatment	T169	C1522326
27994747	818	821	20e	T121	C1254351
27994747	825	831	GPR142	T116,T192	C1723023
27994747	847	853	GPR142	T116,T192	C1723023
27994747	854	862	agonists	T121	C0243192
27994747	882	891	potential	T080	C3245505
27994747	892	901	treatment	T169	C1522326
27994747	906	921	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860

27994913|t|Evaluation of MIF -173 G/C Polymorphism in Turkish Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
27994913|a|Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease mainly affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. Macrophage migration inhibitory (MIF) factor is a regulatory cytokine that inhibits random immune cell migration. MIF gene promoter polymorphisms play a role in the progression of several inflammatory disorders. To investigate the relationship between the MIF gene -173 G/C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and AS. Cross-sectional study. In this study, a total of 161 AS and 194 normal controls were recruited. The MIF gene -173 G/C SNP was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of genotype distribution (p>0.05). When wild-type G/G and G/C+C/C genotypes are compared in terms of clinical characteristics, there is a significant difference between the average age and the duration of disease in AS patients (p<0.05). No significant relationship between AS disease and MIF -173 G/C polymorphism was found. MIF -173 G/C polymorphism (C allele) may affect the time of onset and the duration of disease in AS patients.
27994913	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
27994913	14	26	MIF -173 G/C	T028	C1334507
27994913	27	39	Polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27994913	43	50	Turkish	T098	C0549217
27994913	51	59	Patients	T101	C0030705
27994913	65	87	Ankylosing Spondylitis	T047	C0038013
27994913	88	110	Ankylosing spondylitis	T047	C0038013
27994913	112	114	AS	T047	C0038013
27994913	121	149	chronic inflammatory disease	T047	C1290886
27994913	171	176	spine	T023	C0037949
27994913	181	198	sacroiliac joints	T030	C0036036
27994913	200	244	Macrophage migration inhibitory (MIF) factor	T116,T129	C0024429
27994913	250	260	regulatory	T077	C1704735
27994913	261	269	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
27994913	275	283	inhibits	T052	C3463820
27994913	291	312	immune cell migration	T043	C1326500
27994913	314	322	MIF gene	T028	C1334507
27994913	323	331	promoter	T028	C0314621
27994913	332	345	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
27994913	365	376	progression	T046	C0242656
27994913	388	410	inflammatory disorders	T047	C1290884
27994913	415	426	investigate	T169	C1292732
27994913	456	473	MIF gene -173 G/C	T028	C1334507
27994913	474	504	single-nucleotide polymorphism	T086	C0752046
27994913	506	509	SNP	T086	C0752046
27994913	515	517	AS	T047	C0038013
27994913	519	540	Cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
27994913	550	555	study	T062	C2603343
27994913	572	574	AS	T047	C0038013
27994913	583	589	normal	T080	C3898900
27994913	590	598	controls	T096	C0009932
27994913	619	636	MIF gene -173 G/C	T028	C1334507
27994913	637	640	SNP	T086	C0752046
27994913	645	653	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27994913	657	682	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
27994913	693	740	restriction fragment length polymorphism method	T059	C3714764
27994913	755	766	significant	T078	C0750502
27994913	786	792	groups	T098	C1257890
27994913	805	813	genotype	T032	C0017431
27994913	842	851	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27994913	852	855	G/G	T032	C0017431
27994913	860	877	G/C+C/C genotypes	T032	C0017431
27994913	903	927	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
27994913	940	951	significant	T078	C0750502
27994913	983	986	age	T032	C0001779
27994913	995	1014	duration of disease	T079	C0872146
27994913	1018	1020	AS	T047	C0038013
27994913	1021	1029	patients	T101	C0030705
27994913	1043	1054	significant	T078	C0750502
27994913	1076	1078	AS	T047	C0038013
27994913	1079	1086	disease	T047	C0012634
27994913	1091	1103	MIF -173 G/C	T028	C1334507
27994913	1104	1116	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27994913	1128	1140	MIF -173 G/C	T028	C1334507
27994913	1141	1153	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
27994913	1155	1163	C allele	T028	C0002085
27994913	1202	1221	duration of disease	T079	C0872146
27994913	1225	1227	AS	T047	C0038013
27994913	1228	1236	patients	T101	C0030705

27995352|t|Diabetes and breast cancer mortality in Black women
27995352|a|Breast cancer mortality is higher in Black women than in White women. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is also higher, yet data on whether diabetes affects breast cancer mortality in this population are lacking. We investigated the relation of diabetes at the time of breast cancer diagnosis to breast cancer mortality in the Black Women's Health Study, a prospective cohort study. 1,621 Black women with invasive breast cancer diagnosed in 1995-2013 were followed by mailed questionnaires and searches of the National Death Index. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to compute hazard ratios (HRs) for diabetes in relation to breast cancer mortality and all-cause mortality, with adjustment for age, stage, treatment modality, estrogen receptor (ER) status, and body mass index. There were 368 deaths during follow-up, of which 273 were due to breast cancer. Breast cancer mortality was significantly increased in women who had been diagnosed with diabetes at least 5 years before breast cancer occurrence, HR 1.86 (95% CI 1.20-2.89), with elevations observed for both ER+ and ER- breast cancer. All-cause mortality was also higher in diabetics, with HRs of 1.54 (95% CI 1.12-2.07) overall and 2.26 (95% CI 1.62-3.15) for ≥5-year duration of diabetes relative to non-diabetics. Our results present the first solid evidence of a positive association of type 2 diabetes with breast cancer mortality in Black women. Given the higher prevalence and earlier onset of type 2 diabetes in Black women, it is likely that diabetes contributes to racial disparities in breast cancer mortality.
27995352	0	8	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
27995352	13	26	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	27	36	mortality	T081	C0026565
27995352	40	51	Black women	T098	C0043210
27995352	52	65	Breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	66	75	mortality	T081	C0026565
27995352	89	100	Black women	T098	C0043210
27995352	109	120	White women	T098	C0043210
27995352	126	136	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27995352	140	164	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
27995352	185	189	data	T078	C1511726
27995352	201	209	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27995352	210	217	affects	T080	C1280500
27995352	218	231	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	232	241	mortality	T081	C0026565
27995352	250	260	population	T098	C1257890
27995352	265	272	lacking	T080	C0332268
27995352	277	289	investigated	T169	C1292732
27995352	306	314	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27995352	330	343	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	344	353	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
27995352	357	370	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	371	380	mortality	T081	C0026565
27995352	388	401	Black Women's	T098	C0043210
27995352	402	408	Health	T058	C0086388
27995352	409	414	Study	T062	C2603343
27995352	418	442	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
27995352	450	461	Black women	T098	C0043210
27995352	467	475	invasive	T080	C0205281
27995352	476	489	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	490	499	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27995352	518	529	followed by	T079	C0332283
27995352	537	551	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
27995352	572	592	National Death Index	T170	C3889680
27995352	594	631	Multivariable Cox regression analysis	T170	C0034980
27995352	652	665	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
27995352	667	670	HRs	T081	C2985465
27995352	676	684	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27995352	700	713	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	714	723	mortality	T081	C0026565
27995352	738	747	mortality	T081	C0026565
27995352	769	772	age	T032	C0001779
27995352	774	779	stage	T201	C1300072
27995352	781	799	treatment modality	T061	C3527083
27995352	801	818	estrogen receptor	T116,T192	C0034804
27995352	820	822	ER	T116,T192	C0034804
27995352	824	830	status	T080	C0449438
27995352	836	851	body mass index	T201	C1305855
27995352	868	874	deaths	T033	C1306577
27995352	882	891	follow-up	T058	C1522577
27995352	918	931	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	933	946	Breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	947	956	mortality	T081	C0026565
27995352	961	984	significantly increased	T081	C4055637
27995352	988	993	women	T098	C0043210
27995352	1007	1016	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
27995352	1022	1030	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27995352	1055	1068	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	1069	1079	occurrence	T079	C2745955
27995352	1081	1083	HR	T081	C2985465
27995352	1114	1124	elevations	T082	C0702240
27995352	1125	1133	observed	T169	C1441672
27995352	1143	1146	ER+	T033	C1719706
27995352	1151	1154	ER-	T033	C1719707
27995352	1155	1168	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	1180	1189	mortality	T081	C0026565
27995352	1209	1218	diabetics	T033	C0241863
27995352	1225	1228	HRs	T081	C2985465
27995352	1256	1263	overall	T080	C1561607
27995352	1316	1324	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27995352	1325	1333	relative	T080	C0205345
27995352	1337	1350	non-diabetics	T033	C0241863
27995352	1356	1363	results	T034	C0456984
27995352	1364	1371	present	T033	C0150312
27995352	1388	1396	evidence	T078	C3887511
27995352	1402	1410	positive	T033	C1446409
27995352	1426	1441	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27995352	1447	1460	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	1461	1470	mortality	T081	C0026565
27995352	1474	1485	Black women	T098	C0043210
27995352	1504	1514	prevalence	T081	C0220900
27995352	1519	1532	earlier onset	T033	C1833334
27995352	1536	1551	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
27995352	1555	1566	Black women	T098	C0043210
27995352	1586	1594	diabetes	T047	C0011847
27995352	1595	1606	contributes	T052	C1880177
27995352	1610	1616	racial	T098	C0034510
27995352	1617	1628	disparities	T033	C1171307
27995352	1632	1645	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
27995352	1646	1655	mortality	T081	C0026565

27995377|t|Novel insights into the molecular mechanism of sperm-egg fusion via IZUMO1
27995377|a|When a spermatozoon fertilizes an oocyte in mammals, there must be an extremely precise regulation system for successful gamete fusion to occur, which is the final step of fertilization. Using gene-modified animals, IZUMO1 on the sperm side and its receptor, JUNO, on the ovum side, have been unveiled as indispensable factors for triggering membrane fusion. We recently analyzed the detailed molecular machinery of the IZUMO1 - JUNO recognition system and clarified the tertiary architecture of the IZUMO1 - JUNO complex based on the crystal structure. Over the past 2 years, important discoveries have successively emerged, presenting a new perspective on fertilization. In this mini-review, I will initially explain the historical background of the molecular mechanism study of gamete fusion, and go on to describe our latest study data.
27995377	24	33	molecular	T080	C1521991
27995377	34	43	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27995377	47	63	sperm-egg fusion	T043	C1749775
27995377	68	74	IZUMO1	T116,T129	C1567090
27995377	82	94	spermatozoon	T025	C0037868
27995377	95	105	fertilizes	T169	C0232904
27995377	109	115	oocyte	T025	C0029045
27995377	119	126	mammals	T015	C0024660
27995377	163	180	regulation system	T038	C2613397
27995377	185	195	successful	T080	C1272703
27995377	196	202	gamete	T025	C0017471
27995377	203	209	fusion	T043	C1749775
27995377	247	260	fertilization	T040	C0015914
27995377	268	281	gene-modified	T080	C1517476
27995377	282	289	animals	T008	C0003062
27995377	291	297	IZUMO1	T116,T129	C1567090
27995377	305	310	sperm	T025	C0037868
27995377	311	315	side	T082	C0441987
27995377	324	332	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
27995377	334	338	JUNO	T116,T192	C0597357
27995377	347	351	ovum	T025	C0029974
27995377	352	356	side	T082	C0441987
27995377	380	393	indispensable	T080	C0205224
27995377	394	401	factors	T169	C1521761
27995377	406	416	triggering	T080	C1444748
27995377	417	432	membrane fusion	T044	C0025246
27995377	446	454	analyzed	T062	C0936012
27995377	468	487	molecular machinery	T044	C3537153
27995377	495	501	IZUMO1	T116,T129	C1567090
27995377	504	508	JUNO	T116,T192	C0597357
27995377	509	520	recognition	T044	C0599844
27995377	521	527	system	T169	C0449913
27995377	546	567	tertiary architecture	T082	C0162808
27995377	575	581	IZUMO1	T116,T129	C1567090
27995377	584	588	JUNO	T116,T192	C0597357
27995377	589	596	complex	T104	C1704241
27995377	610	627	crystal structure	T104	C0444626
27995377	645	650	years	T079	C0439234
27995377	733	746	fertilization	T040	C0015914
27995377	756	767	mini-review	T170	C0282443
27995377	798	808	historical	T079	C0019659
27995377	809	819	background	T077	C1706907
27995377	827	836	molecular	T080	C1521991
27995377	837	846	mechanism	T169	C0441712
27995377	856	862	gamete	T025	C0017471
27995377	863	869	fusion	T043	C1749775

27995510|t|Mechanisms of Global Cerebral Edema Formation in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
27995510|a|A growing body of clinical literature emphasizes the impact of cerebral edema in early brain injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Aneurysm rupture itself initiates global cerebral edema in up to two thirds of cases. Although cerebral edema is not a universal feature of aSAH, it portends a poor clinical course, with quantitative analysis revealing a direct correlation between cerebral edema and poor outcome, including mortality and cognitive deficits. Mechanistically, global cerebral edema has been linked to global ischemia at the time of aneurysm rupture, dysfunction of autoregulation, blood breakdown products, neuroinflammation, and hyponatremia / endocrine abnormalities. At a molecular level, several culprits have been identified, including aquaporin-4, matrix metalloproteinase-9, SUR1 - TRPM4 cation channels, vascular endothelial growth factor, bradykinin, and others. Here, we review these cellular and molecular mechanisms of global cerebral edema formation in aSAH. Given the importance of edema to the outcome of patients with aSAH and its status as a highly modifiable pathological process, a better understanding of cerebral edema in aSAH promises to hasten the development of medical therapies to improve outcomes in this frequently devastating disease.
27995510	14	20	Global	T080	C2348867
27995510	21	35	Cerebral Edema	T046	C0006114
27995510	49	83	Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage	T046	C0751530
27995510	102	110	clinical	T080	C0205210
27995510	111	121	literature	T170	C0023866
27995510	147	161	cerebral edema	T046	C0006114
27995510	165	183	early brain injury	T037	C0270611
27995510	194	228	aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage	T046	C0751530
27995510	230	234	aSAH	T046	C0751530
27995510	237	253	Aneurysm rupture	T047	C0162869
27995510	271	277	global	T080	C2348867
27995510	278	292	cerebral edema	T046	C0006114
27995510	332	346	cerebral edema	T046	C0006114
27995510	377	381	aSAH	T046	C0751530
27995510	402	417	clinical course	T079	C0449259
27995510	424	445	quantitative analysis	T081	C0034384
27995510	485	499	cerebral edema	T046	C0006114
27995510	504	516	poor outcome	T033	C3806166
27995510	579	585	global	T080	C2348867
27995510	586	600	cerebral edema	T046	C0006114
27995510	620	626	global	T080	C2348867
27995510	627	635	ischemia	T046	C0022116
27995510	651	667	aneurysm rupture	T047	C0162869
27995510	669	680	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
27995510	684	698	autoregulation	T038	C0019868
27995510	700	715	blood breakdown	T043	C2937287
27995510	716	724	products	T071	C1514468
27995510	726	743	neuroinflammation	T046	C1408627
27995510	749	761	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
27995510	764	787	endocrine abnormalities	T190	C4025823
27995510	794	803	molecular	T080	C1521991
27995510	804	809	level	T080	C0441889
27995510	860	871	aquaporin-4	T116,T123	C0292777
27995510	873	899	matrix metalloproteinase-9	T116,T126	C0165519
27995510	901	905	SUR1	T116,T192	C3711621
27995510	908	929	TRPM4 cation channels	T116,T123	C1384655
27995510	931	965	vascular endothelial growth factor	T116,T123	C1171892
27995510	967	977	bradykinin	T116,T125	C0006100
27995510	1013	1021	cellular	T025	C0007634
27995510	1026	1035	molecular	T080	C1521991
27995510	1050	1056	global	T080	C2348867
27995510	1057	1071	cerebral edema	T046	C0006114
27995510	1085	1089	aSAH	T046	C0751530
27995510	1115	1120	edema	T184	C0013604
27995510	1139	1147	patients	T101	C0030705
27995510	1153	1157	aSAH	T046	C0751530
27995510	1166	1172	status	T080	C0449438
27995510	1196	1216	pathological process	T046	C0030660
27995510	1244	1258	cerebral edema	T046	C0006114
27995510	1262	1266	aSAH	T046	C0751530
27995510	1305	1322	medical therapies	T061	C0418981
27995510	1362	1373	devastating	T169	C0332663
27995510	1374	1381	disease	T047	C0012634

27995969|t|Biliary Phospholipids Sustain Enterocyte Proliferation and Intestinal Tumor Progression via Nuclear Receptor Lrh1 in mice
27995969|a|The proliferative- crypt compartment of the intestinal epithelium is enriched in phospholipids and accumulation of phospholipids has been described in colorectal tumors. Here we hypothesize that biliary phospholipid flow could directly contribute to the proliferative power of normal and dysplastic enterocytes. We used Abcb4 (-/-) mice which lack biliary phospholipid secretion. We first show that Abcb4 (-/-) mice are protected against intestinal tumorigenesis. At the molecular level, the transcriptional activity of the nuclear receptor Liver Receptor Homolog-1 (Lrh1) is reduced in Abcb4 (-/-) mice and its re-activation re-establishes a tumor burden comparable to control mice. Feeding Abcb4 (-/-) mice a diet supplemented with phospholipids completely overcomes the intestinal tumor protective phenotype, thus corroborating the hypothesis that the absence of biliary phospholipids and not lack of Abcb4 gene per se is responsible for the protection. In turn, phospholipids cannot re-establish intestinal tumorigenesis in Abcb4 (-/-) mice crossed with mice with intestinal specific ablation of Lrh1, a nuclear hormone receptor that is activates by phospholipids. Our data identify the key role of biliary phospholipids in sustaining intestinal mucosa proliferation and tumor progression through the activation of nuclear receptor Lrh1.
27995969	0	7	Biliary	T023	C0005423
27995969	8	21	Phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27995969	22	29	Sustain	T169	C0443318
27995969	30	40	Enterocyte	T025	C0682610
27995969	41	54	Proliferation	T043	C0596290
27995969	59	75	Intestinal Tumor	T191	C0021841
27995969	76	87	Progression	T191	C0178874
27995969	92	108	Nuclear Receptor	T116,T192	C0206588
27995969	109	113	Lrh1	T116,T192	C1448055
27995969	117	121	mice	T015	C0025929
27995969	141	158	crypt compartment	T023	C3686613
27995969	166	187	intestinal epithelium	T024	C0226890
27995969	203	216	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27995969	221	233	accumulation	T033	C4055506
27995969	237	250	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27995969	273	290	colorectal tumors	T191	C0009404
27995969	317	324	biliary	T023	C0005423
27995969	325	337	phospholipid	T109,T123	C0031676
27995969	338	342	flow	T070	C0806140
27995969	376	395	proliferative power	T169	C1514485
27995969	399	405	normal	T025	C0682610
27995969	410	432	dysplastic enterocytes	T025	C1512101
27995969	442	447	Abcb4	T028	C1412071
27995969	454	458	mice	T015	C0025929
27995969	470	477	biliary	T023	C0005423
27995969	478	490	phospholipid	T109,T123	C0031676
27995969	491	500	secretion	T038	C0036536
27995969	521	526	Abcb4	T028	C1412071
27995969	533	537	mice	T015	C0025929
27995969	542	551	protected	T033	C1545588
27995969	560	570	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27995969	571	584	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621
27995969	593	602	molecular	T080	C1521991
27995969	603	608	level	T080	C0441889
27995969	614	638	transcriptional activity	T045	C1148759
27995969	646	662	nuclear receptor	T116,T192	C0206588
27995969	663	687	Liver Receptor Homolog-1	T116,T192	C1448055
27995969	689	693	Lrh1	T116,T192	C1448055
27995969	698	705	reduced	T080	C0392756
27995969	709	714	Abcb4	T028	C1412071
27995969	721	725	mice	T015	C0025929
27995969	734	747	re-activation	T052	C4086768
27995969	765	770	tumor	T191	C0027651
27995969	771	777	burden	T078	C2828008
27995969	792	799	control	T096	C0009932
27995969	800	804	mice	T015	C0025929
27995969	806	813	Feeding	T052	C2987508
27995969	814	819	Abcb4	T028	C1412071
27995969	826	830	mice	T015	C0025929
27995969	833	850	diet supplemented	T168	C0242295
27995969	856	869	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27995969	881	890	overcomes	T052	C2983310
27995969	895	911	intestinal tumor	T191	C0021841
27995969	923	932	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27995969	977	984	absence	T169	C0332197
27995969	988	995	biliary	T023	C0005423
27995969	996	1009	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27995969	1026	1036	Abcb4 gene	T028	C1412071
27995969	1067	1077	protection	T033	C1545588
27995969	1088	1101	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27995969	1122	1132	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27995969	1133	1146	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621
27995969	1150	1155	Abcb4	T028	C1412071
27995969	1162	1166	mice	T015	C0025929
27995969	1180	1184	mice	T015	C0025929
27995969	1190	1200	intestinal	T023	C0021853
27995969	1201	1209	specific	T080	C0205369
27995969	1210	1218	ablation	T061	C0547070
27995969	1222	1226	Lrh1	T116,T192	C1448055
27995969	1230	1254	nuclear hormone receptor	T116,T192	C0887829
27995969	1263	1272	activates	T052	C1879547
27995969	1276	1289	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27995969	1295	1299	data	T078	C1511726
27995969	1325	1332	biliary	T023	C0005423
27995969	1333	1346	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
27995969	1361	1378	intestinal mucosa	T024	C0021839
27995969	1379	1392	proliferation	T169	C1514485
27995969	1397	1414	tumor progression	T191	C0178874
27995969	1427	1437	activation	T052	C1879547
27995969	1441	1457	nuclear receptor	T116,T192	C0206588
27995969	1458	1462	Lrh1	T116,T192	C1448055

27997150|t|Nutrient Recovery and Emissions of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane from Animal Manure in Europe: Effects of Manure Treatment Technologies
27997150|a|Animal manure contributes considerably to ammonia (NH3) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Europe. Various treatment technologies have been implemented to reduce emissions and to facilitate its use as fertilizer, but a systematic analysis of these technologies has not yet been carried out. This study presents an integrated assessment of manure treatment effects on NH3, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions from manure management chains in all countries of EU-27 in 2010 using the MITERRA-Europe model. Effects of implementing 12 treatment technologies on emissions and nutrient recovery were further explored through scenario analyses; the level of implementation corresponded to levels currently achieved by forerunner countries. Manure treatment decreased GHG emissions from manures in EU countries by 0-17% in 2010, with the largest contribution from anaerobic digestion; the effects on NH3 emissions were small. Scenario analyses indicate that increased use of slurry acidification, thermal drying, incineration and pyrolysis may decrease NH3 (9-11%) and GHG (11-18%) emissions; nitrification - denitrification treatment decreased NH3 emissions, but increased GHG emissions. The nitrogen recovery (% of nitrogen excreted in housings that is applied to land) would increase from a mean of 57% (in 2010) to 61% by acidification, but would decrease to 48% by incineration. Promoting optimized manure treatment technologies can greatly contribute to achieving NH3 and GHG emission targets set in EU environmental policies.
27997150	0	8	Nutrient	T168	C0678695
27997150	9	17	Recovery	T052	C0237820
27997150	22	31	Emissions	T033	C0243095
27997150	35	42	Ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27997150	44	57	Nitrous Oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
27997150	63	70	Methane	T109	C0025617
27997150	76	82	Animal	T008	C0003062
27997150	83	89	Manure	T167	C0024765
27997150	93	99	Europe	T083	C0015176
27997150	101	111	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27997150	112	118	Manure	T167	C0024765
27997150	119	128	Treatment	T052	C1709694
27997150	129	141	Technologies	T169	C0449851
27997150	142	148	Animal	T008	C0003062
27997150	149	155	manure	T167	C0024765
27997150	184	191	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
27997150	193	196	NH3	T121,T197	C0002607
27997150	202	216	greenhouse gas	T104	C0017110
27997150	218	221	GHG	T104	C0017110
27997150	223	232	emissions	T033	C0243095
27997150	236	242	Europe	T083	C0015176
27997150	252	261	treatment	T052	C1709694
27997150	262	274	technologies	T169	C0449851
27997150	300	306	reduce	T081	C0547047
27997150	307	316	emissions	T033	C0243095
27997150	346	356	fertilizer	T073,T131	C0015919
27997150	364	383	systematic analysis	T062	C0936012
27997150	393	405	technologies	T169	C0449851
27997150	459	480	integrated assessment	T033	C0243095
27997150	484	490	manure	T167	C0024765
27997150	491	500	treatment	T052	C1709694
27997150	501	508	effects	T080	C1280500
27997150	512	515	NH3	T121,T197	C0002607
27997150	517	530	nitrous oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
27997150	532	535	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
27997150	541	548	methane	T109	C0025617
27997150	550	553	CH4	T109	C0025617
27997150	555	564	emissions	T033	C0243095
27997150	570	576	manure	T167	C0024765
27997150	577	594	management chains	T057	C1273870
27997150	602	611	countries	T083	C0454664
27997150	615	620	EU-27	T083	C0015176
27997150	639	659	MITERRA-Europe model	T170	C3161035
27997150	661	671	Effects of	T080	C1704420
27997150	688	697	treatment	T052	C1709694
27997150	698	710	technologies	T169	C0449851
27997150	714	723	emissions	T033	C0243095
27997150	728	736	nutrient	T168	C0678695
27997150	737	745	recovery	T052	C0237820
27997150	776	793	scenario analyses	T062	C0936012
27997150	799	804	level	T080	C0441889
27997150	808	822	implementation	T052	C1708476
27997150	839	845	levels	T080	C0441889
27997150	879	888	countries	T083	C0454664
27997150	890	896	Manure	T167	C0024765
27997150	897	906	treatment	T052	C1709694
27997150	907	916	decreased	T081	C0205216
27997150	917	920	GHG	T104	C0017110
27997150	921	930	emissions	T033	C0243095
27997150	936	943	manures	T167	C0024765
27997150	947	949	EU	T083	C0015176
27997150	950	959	countries	T083	C0454664
27997150	987	994	largest	T081	C0443228
27997150	995	1007	contribution	T052	C1880177
27997150	1013	1032	anaerobic digestion	T038	C3714634
27997150	1038	1045	effects	T080	C1280500
27997150	1049	1052	NH3	T121,T197	C0002607
27997150	1053	1062	emissions	T033	C0243095
27997150	1075	1092	Scenario analyses	T062	C0936012
27997150	1107	1116	increased	T081	C0205217
27997150	1117	1123	use of	T169	C1524063
27997150	1124	1130	slurry	T167	C1883043
27997150	1131	1144	acidification	T067	C2987513
27997150	1146	1153	thermal	T070	C0018837
27997150	1154	1160	drying	T070	C0011682
27997150	1162	1174	incineration	T068	C0206206
27997150	1179	1188	pyrolysis	T067	C1254366
27997150	1193	1201	decrease	T081	C0547047
27997150	1202	1205	NH3	T121,T197	C0002607
27997150	1218	1221	GHG	T104	C0017110
27997150	1231	1240	emissions	T033	C0243095
27997150	1242	1255	nitrification	T038	C0597069
27997150	1258	1273	denitrification	T067	C0598972
27997150	1274	1283	treatment	T052	C1709694
27997150	1284	1293	decreased	T081	C0205216
27997150	1294	1297	NH3	T121,T197	C0002607
27997150	1298	1307	emissions	T033	C0243095
27997150	1313	1322	increased	T081	C0205217
27997150	1323	1326	GHG	T104	C0017110
27997150	1327	1336	emissions	T033	C0243095
27997150	1342	1350	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
27997150	1351	1359	recovery	T052	C0237820
27997150	1361	1362	%	T081	C0439165
27997150	1366	1374	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
27997150	1387	1395	housings	T073	C0020056
27997150	1415	1419	land	T082	C0205146
27997150	1427	1435	increase	T169	C0442805
27997150	1475	1488	acidification	T067	C2987513
27997150	1500	1508	decrease	T081	C0547047
27997150	1519	1531	incineration	T068	C0206206
27997150	1553	1559	manure	T167	C0024765
27997150	1560	1569	treatment	T052	C1709694
27997150	1570	1582	technologies	T169	C0449851
27997150	1619	1622	NH3	T121,T197	C0002607
27997150	1627	1630	GHG	T104	C0017110
27997150	1631	1647	emission targets	T033	C0243095
27997150	1655	1657	EU	T083	C0015176
27997150	1658	1680	environmental policies	T064	C0282166

27997288|t|Associations of Perceived Parental Psychopathology with Mental Health Burden and Lifetime Drug Use in Gay, Bisexual, and other YMSM: The P18 Cohort Study
27997288|a|Parental mental health may be a critical component in understanding the overlapping health burdens of mental health symptomatology and drug use in young men who have sex with men (YMSM), yet studies of YMSM have not fully examined these associations. To understand these relationships, data drawn from a study of gay, bisexual, and other YMSM were used to examine associations between perceived parental psychopathology and the health of YMSM. Findings suggest that YMSM reporting at least one parent with perceived depression, manic depression, schizophrenia, or antisocial behavior anytime during their childhoods were more likely to report higher levels of both depressive symptomatology and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than those reporting no perception of any of these psychopathologies in their parents. Number of different drugs used in one's life were higher among participants who perceived at least one parent as depressed. Mediation analyses indicated that the relationship between perceived parental depression and lifetime drug use of YMSM was mediated both by YMSM depression and YMSM PTSD. These results suggest that parental psychopathology plays an important role in the health of sexual minority men, a population with elevated levels of mental health burden and drug use across the lifespan.
27997288	0	12	Associations	T080	C0439849
27997288	16	25	Perceived	T041	C0030971
27997288	26	34	Parental	T099	C0030551
27997288	35	50	Psychopathology	UnknownType	C0544667
27997288	56	69	Mental Health	T041	C0025353
27997288	70	76	Burden	T078	C2828008
27997288	81	89	Lifetime	T079	C4071830
27997288	90	98	Drug Use	T048	C0242510
27997288	102	105	Gay	T098	C0242657
27997288	107	115	Bisexual	T098	C0178515
27997288	127	131	YMSM	T098	C2827413
27997288	137	153	P18 Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
27997288	154	176	Parental mental health	UnknownType	C0814575
27997288	238	244	health	T078	C0018684
27997288	245	252	burdens	T078	C2828008
27997288	256	269	mental health	T041	C0025353
27997288	270	284	symptomatology	T184	C1457887
27997288	289	297	drug use	T048	C0242510
27997288	301	332	young men who have sex with men	T098	C2827413
27997288	334	338	YMSM	T098	C2827413
27997288	345	352	studies	T062	C2603343
27997288	356	360	YMSM	T098	C2827413
27997288	391	403	associations	T080	C0439849
27997288	425	438	relationships	T080	C0439849
27997288	440	444	data	T078	C1511726
27997288	458	463	study	T062	C2603343
27997288	467	470	gay	T098	C0242657
27997288	472	480	bisexual	T098	C0178515
27997288	492	496	YMSM	T098	C2827413
27997288	518	530	associations	T080	C0439849
27997288	539	548	perceived	T041	C0030971
27997288	549	557	parental	T099	C0030551
27997288	558	573	psychopathology	UnknownType	C0544667
27997288	582	588	health	T078	C0018684
27997288	592	596	YMSM	T098	C2827413
27997288	598	606	Findings	T033	C0243095
27997288	620	624	YMSM	T098	C2827413
27997288	648	654	parent	T099	C0030551
27997288	660	669	perceived	T041	C0030971
27997288	670	680	depression	T048	C0011570
27997288	682	698	manic depression	T048	C0005586
27997288	700	713	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
27997288	718	737	antisocial behavior	T048	C0233523
27997288	759	769	childhoods	T079	C0231335
27997288	790	796	report	T170	C0684224
27997288	804	810	levels	T080	C0441889
27997288	819	844	depressive symptomatology	T184	C0086132
27997288	849	879	post-traumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
27997288	881	885	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27997288	898	907	reporting	T058	C0700287
27997288	911	921	perception	T041	C0030971
27997288	938	955	psychopathologies	UnknownType	C0544667
27997288	965	972	parents	T099	C0030551
27997288	974	980	Number	T081	C0237753
27997288	994	999	drugs	T121	C0013227
27997288	1014	1018	life	T078	C0376558
27997288	1037	1049	participants	T098	C0679646
27997288	1054	1063	perceived	T041	C0030971
27997288	1077	1083	parent	T099	C0030551
27997288	1087	1096	depressed	T048	C0011570
27997288	1098	1116	Mediation analyses	UnknownType	C0814912
27997288	1136	1148	relationship	T080	C0439849
27997288	1157	1166	perceived	T041	C0030971
27997288	1167	1175	parental	T099	C0030551
27997288	1176	1186	depression	T048	C0011570
27997288	1191	1199	lifetime	T079	C4071830
27997288	1200	1208	drug use	T048	C0242510
27997288	1212	1216	YMSM	T098	C2827413
27997288	1238	1242	YMSM	T098	C2827413
27997288	1243	1253	depression	T048	C0011570
27997288	1258	1262	YMSM	T098	C2827413
27997288	1263	1267	PTSD	T048	C0038436
27997288	1275	1282	results	T169	C1274040
27997288	1296	1304	parental	T099	C0030551
27997288	1305	1320	psychopathology	UnknownType	C0544667
27997288	1352	1358	health	T078	C0018684
27997288	1362	1377	sexual minority	T098	C4277573
27997288	1378	1381	men	T098	C0025266
27997288	1385	1395	population	T098	C1257890
27997288	1401	1409	elevated	T080	C3163633
27997288	1410	1416	levels	T080	C0441889
27997288	1420	1433	mental health	T041	C0025353
27997288	1434	1440	burden	T078	C2828008
27997288	1445	1453	drug use	T048	C0242510
27997288	1465	1473	lifespan	T102	C0870809

27997759|t|Down-regulation of cladofulvin biosynthesis is required for biotrophic growth of Cladosporium fulvum on tomato
27997759|a|Fungal biotrophy is associated with a reduced capacity to produce potentially toxic secondary metabolites (SMs). Yet, the genome of the biotrophic plant pathogen Cladosporium fulvum contains many SM biosynthetic gene clusters, with several related to toxin production. These gene clusters are, however, poorly expressed during the colonization of tomato. The sole detectable SM produced by C. fulvum during in vitro growth is the anthraquinone cladofulvin. Although this pigment is not detected in infected leaves, cladofulvin biosynthetic genes are expressed throughout the pre-penetration phase and during conidiation at the end of the infection cycle, but are repressed during the biotrophic phase of tomato colonization. It has been suggested that the tight regulation of SM gene clusters is required for C. fulvum to behave as a biotrophic pathogen, whilst retaining potential fitness determinants for growth and survival outside its host. To address this hypothesis, we analysed the disease symptoms caused by mutant C. fulvum strains that do not produce or over-produce cladofulvin during the biotrophic growth phase. Non-producers infected tomato in a similar manner to the wild-type, suggesting that cladofulvin is not a virulence factor. In contrast, the cladofulvin over-producers caused strong necrosis and desiccation of tomato leaves, which, in turn, arrested conidiation. Consistent with the role of pigments in survival against abiotic stresses, cladofulvin protects conidia against UV light and low-temperature stress. Overall, this study demonstrates that the repression of cladofulvin production is required for C. fulvum to sustain its biotrophic lifestyle in tomato, whereas its production is important for survival outside its host.
27997759	0	15	Down-regulation	T044	C0013081
27997759	19	30	cladofulvin	T123	C0574031
27997759	31	43	biosynthesis	T038	C0220781
27997759	60	77	biotrophic growth	T040	C0018270
27997759	81	100	Cladosporium fulvum	T004	C0997666
27997759	104	110	tomato	T002	C1140676
27997759	111	127	Fungal biotrophy	T004	C3826297
27997759	131	146	associated with	T080	C0332281
27997759	149	156	reduced	T080	C0392756
27997759	177	188	potentially	T080	C3245505
27997759	189	194	toxic	T080	C1407029
27997759	195	216	secondary metabolites	T123	C0870883
27997759	218	221	SMs	T123	C0870883
27997759	233	239	genome	T028	C0017428
27997759	247	263	biotrophic plant	T002	C0032098
27997759	264	272	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27997759	273	292	Cladosporium fulvum	T004	C0997666
27997759	307	309	SM	T123	C0870883
27997759	310	322	biosynthetic	T038	C0220781
27997759	323	336	gene clusters	T028	C0017258
27997759	362	378	toxin production	T131	C0444622
27997759	386	399	gene clusters	T028	C0017258
27997759	414	420	poorly	T080	C0542537
27997759	421	430	expressed	T045	C0017262
27997759	442	454	colonization	T033	C4289767
27997759	458	464	tomato	T002	C1140676
27997759	486	488	SM	T123	C0870883
27997759	501	510	C. fulvum	T004	C0997666
27997759	518	526	in vitro	T080	C1533691
27997759	527	533	growth	T040	C0018270
27997759	541	566	anthraquinone cladofulvin	T123	C0574031
27997759	582	589	pigment	T120	C0031916
27997759	593	605	not detected	T033	C0442737
27997759	609	617	infected	T033	C0439663
27997759	618	624	leaves	T002	C0242724
27997759	626	637	cladofulvin	T123	C0574031
27997759	638	650	biosynthetic	T038	C0220781
27997759	651	656	genes	T028	C0017337
27997759	661	670	expressed	T045	C0017262
27997759	686	707	pre-penetration phase	T079	C0205390
27997759	719	730	conidiation	T043	C2613267
27997759	749	764	infection cycle	T046	C3714514
27997759	774	783	repressed	T169	C1260953
27997759	795	811	biotrophic phase	T079	C0205390
27997759	815	821	tomato	T002	C1140676
27997759	822	834	colonization	T033	C4289767
27997759	867	883	tight regulation	T038	C1327622
27997759	887	889	SM	T123	C0870883
27997759	890	903	gene clusters	T028	C0017258
27997759	920	929	C. fulvum	T004	C0997666
27997759	945	964	biotrophic pathogen	T001	C0450254
27997759	983	992	potential	T080	C3245505
27997759	993	1013	fitness determinants	T169	C1521761
27997759	1018	1024	growth	T040	C0018270
27997759	1029	1037	survival	T052	C0038952
27997759	1050	1054	host	T001	C1167395
27997759	1100	1107	disease	T047	C0012634
27997759	1108	1116	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27997759	1127	1133	mutant	T049	C0596988
27997759	1134	1143	C. fulvum	T004	C0997666
27997759	1144	1151	strains	T001	C1518614
27997759	1188	1199	cladofulvin	T123	C0574031
27997759	1211	1228	biotrophic growth	T040	C0018270
27997759	1229	1234	phase	T079	C0205390
27997759	1236	1249	Non-producers	T033	C0243095
27997759	1259	1265	tomato	T002	C1140676
27997759	1293	1302	wild-type	T028	C1883559
27997759	1320	1331	cladofulvin	T123	C0574031
27997759	1341	1357	virulence factor	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
27997759	1376	1387	cladofulvin	T123	C0574031
27997759	1388	1402	over-producers	T033	C0243095
27997759	1417	1425	necrosis	T042	C0027540
27997759	1430	1441	desiccation	T070	C0011682
27997759	1445	1451	tomato	T002	C1140676
27997759	1452	1458	leaves	T002	C0242724
27997759	1485	1496	conidiation	T043	C2613267
27997759	1526	1534	pigments	T120	C0031916
27997759	1538	1546	survival	T052	C0038952
27997759	1555	1571	abiotic stresses	T046	C0449430
27997759	1573	1584	cladofulvin	T123	C0574031
27997759	1585	1593	protects	T033	C1545588
27997759	1594	1601	conidia	T004	C0521049
27997759	1610	1618	UV light	T070	C0041625
27997759	1623	1645	low-temperature stress	T046	C0449430
27997759	1689	1699	repression	T169	C1260953
27997759	1703	1714	cladofulvin	T123	C0574031
27997759	1715	1725	production	T057	C0033268
27997759	1742	1751	C. fulvum	T004	C0997666
27997759	1767	1787	biotrophic lifestyle	T038	C3714634
27997759	1791	1797	tomato	T002	C1140676
27997759	1811	1821	production	T057	C0033268
27997759	1839	1847	survival	T052	C0038952
27997759	1860	1864	host	T001	C1167395

27998307|t|Neuro-Behcet disease presenting as a solitary cerebellar hemorrhagic lesion: a case report and review of the literature
27998307|a|Behcet's disease is a heterogeneous, multisystem, inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The classic triad of oral and genital ulcerations in conjunction with uveitis was originally described by the Turkish dermatologist Hulusi Behcet in 1937, but associated symptoms of the cardiovascular, central nervous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems were later identified. In fact, Behcet's disease with neurological involvement (neuro-Behcet's disease) is not uncommon. Patients with neuro-Behcet's disease typically exhibit a diverse array of symptoms, most commonly in the brainstem and diencephalic regions. Herein, we report an unusual case of neuro-Behcet's disease in a patient who presented with a solitary cerebellar hemorrhage. A 39-year-old Asian woman was admitted to our hospital with complaints of a sudden speech difficulty that had manifested the same morning, and dizziness and mild vomiting experienced over the previous 3 days. Magnetic resonance images revealed target-like hemorrhagic lesions in the right hemisphere of the cerebellum. Risk factors that may result in cerebellar hemorrhage, such as high blood pressure or bleeding diathesis, were ruled out, and subsequent brain angiograms were normal. These findings suggest that the patient's cerebellar hemorrhage could have been due to intracranial vasculitis in a rare, if not unique, complication of neuro-Behcet's disease.
27998307	0	20	Neuro-Behcet disease	T047	C0858762
27998307	21	31	presenting	T078	C0449450
27998307	46	68	cerebellar hemorrhagic	T046	C0149854
27998307	69	75	lesion	T033	C0221198
27998307	79	90	case report	T170	C0085973
27998307	95	119	review of the literature	T170	C0282441
27998307	120	136	Behcet's disease	T047	C0004943
27998307	142	155	heterogeneous	T033	C1858576
27998307	157	168	multisystem	T047	C0559758
27998307	170	191	inflammatory disorder	T047	C1290884
27998307	195	211	unknown etiology	T033	C0743626
27998307	234	238	oral	T047	C0149745
27998307	243	262	genital ulcerations	T047	C0151281
27998307	266	277	conjunction	T078	C2699427
27998307	283	290	uveitis	T047	C0042164
27998307	306	315	described	T078	C1552738
27998307	323	330	Turkish	T098	C0549217
27998307	331	344	dermatologist	T097	C0259831
27998307	372	391	associated symptoms	T184	C0521989
27998307	399	413	cardiovascular	T022	C0007226
27998307	415	430	central nervous	T022	C3714787
27998307	432	441	pulmonary	T022	C0884309
27998307	447	471	gastrointestinal systems	T022	C0012240
27998307	483	493	identified	T080	C0205396
27998307	504	520	Behcet's disease	T047	C0004943
27998307	526	550	neurological involvement	T047	C0027765
27998307	552	574	neuro-Behcet's disease	T047	C0858762
27998307	593	601	Patients	T101	C0030705
27998307	607	629	neuro-Behcet's disease	T047	C0858762
27998307	667	675	symptoms	T184	C1457887
27998307	677	681	most	T081	C0205393
27998307	682	690	commonly	T081	C0205214
27998307	698	707	brainstem	T023	C0006121
27998307	712	724	diencephalic	T023	C0012144
27998307	725	732	regions	T082	C0205147
27998307	745	751	report	T170	C0684224
27998307	755	762	unusual	T080	C2700116
27998307	763	767	case	T169	C0868928
27998307	771	793	neuro-Behcet's disease	T047	C0858762
27998307	799	806	patient	T101	C0030705
27998307	811	820	presented	T078	C0449450
27998307	837	858	cerebellar hemorrhage	T046	C0149854
27998307	862	873	39-year-old	T100	C0001675
27998307	874	879	Asian	T098	C0078988
27998307	880	885	woman	T098	C0043210
27998307	890	898	admitted	T058	C0809949
27998307	906	914	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
27998307	920	930	complaints	T033	C0277786
27998307	936	942	sudden	T080	C1276802
27998307	943	960	speech difficulty	T033	C0233715
27998307	970	980	manifested	T169	C0205319
27998307	985	989	same	T080	C0445247
27998307	990	997	morning	T079	C0332170
27998307	1003	1012	dizziness	T184	C0012833
27998307	1017	1021	mild	T080	C2945599
27998307	1022	1030	vomiting	T184	C0042963
27998307	1043	1047	over	T079	C0347984
27998307	1052	1060	previous	T079	C0205156
27998307	1063	1067	days	T079	C0439228
27998307	1069	1094	Magnetic resonance images	T170	C3890166
27998307	1095	1103	revealed	T080	C0443289
27998307	1116	1127	hemorrhagic	T046	C0149854
27998307	1128	1135	lesions	T033	C0221198
27998307	1143	1177	right hemisphere of the cerebellum	T023	C2335345
27998307	1179	1191	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
27998307	1201	1207	result	T169	C1274040
27998307	1211	1232	cerebellar hemorrhage	T046	C0149854
27998307	1242	1261	high blood pressure	T047	C0020538
27998307	1265	1283	bleeding diathesis	T046	C1458140
27998307	1290	1299	ruled out	T033	C1410834
27998307	1305	1315	subsequent	T079	C0332282
27998307	1316	1321	brain	T023	C0006104
27998307	1322	1332	angiograms	T060	C0002978
27998307	1338	1344	normal	T080	C0205307
27998307	1352	1360	findings	T033	C0243095
27998307	1361	1368	suggest	T078	C1705535
27998307	1378	1387	patient's	T101	C0030705
27998307	1388	1409	cerebellar hemorrhage	T046	C0149854
27998307	1426	1432	due to	T169	C0678226
27998307	1433	1445	intracranial	T029	C0524466
27998307	1446	1456	vasculitis	T047	C0042384
27998307	1462	1466	rare	T080	C0522498
27998307	1483	1495	complication	T046	C0009566
27998307	1499	1521	neuro-Behcet's disease	T047	C0858762

27998493|t|Periodontal status of tuberculosis patients - Is there a two-way link?
27998493|a|The influence of systemic disorders on periodontal tissues is well established. Amongst various chronic debilitating diseases, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major health problems in most developing countries. Although it has a definite affinity for the lungs, it can affect any part of the body including the oral cavity. TB and periodontitis are the two distinct disease processes. But environmental and biological factors play a key role in etiopathogenesis of both the diseases. These factors alter tissue microenvironment leading to cascade of untoward events. To assess and compare the periodontal status of TB patients with that of non-TB subjects. 50 subjects were recruited and divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of subjects suffering from TB serving as Test group while group B included non-TB subjects serving as Control group. Unpaired t-test was used. Statistically significant difference in probing pocket depth and bleeding on probing was found between groups A and B, with the difference being higher in group A subjects, thus concluding that periodontal status might be linked with TB.
27998493	0	18	Periodontal status	T034	C0031092
27998493	22	34	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27998493	35	43	patients	T101	C0030705
27998493	75	84	influence	T077	C4054723
27998493	88	106	systemic disorders	T047	C0442893
27998493	110	129	periodontal tissues	T024	C0031104
27998493	138	149	established	T080	C0443211
27998493	167	174	chronic	T079	C0205191
27998493	175	196	debilitating diseases	T047	C0012634
27998493	198	210	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27998493	212	214	TB	T047	C0041296
27998493	230	235	major	T080	C0205164
27998493	236	242	health	T078	C0018684
27998493	243	251	problems	T033	C0033213
27998493	260	280	developing countries	T080	C0011750
27998493	309	317	affinity	T070	C1510827
27998493	326	331	lungs	T023	C0024109
27998493	351	367	part of the body	T023	C0229962
27998493	382	393	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
27998493	395	397	TB	T047	C0041296
27998493	402	415	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
27998493	437	444	disease	T047	C0012634
27998493	445	454	processes	T067	C1522240
27998493	460	473	environmental	T082	C0014406
27998493	478	496	biological factors	T123	C0005515
27998493	508	512	role	T077	C1705810
27998493	516	532	etiopathogenesis	T169	C1510540
27998493	545	553	diseases	T047	C0012634
27998493	561	568	factors	T169	C1521761
27998493	569	574	alter	T078	C1515926
27998493	575	581	tissue	T024	C0040300
27998493	582	598	microenvironment	T082	C4072789
27998493	641	647	assess	T052	C1516048
27998493	652	659	compare	T052	C1707455
27998493	664	682	periodontal status	T034	C0031092
27998493	686	688	TB	T047	C0041296
27998493	689	697	patients	T101	C0030705
27998493	711	726	non-TB subjects	T098	C0080105
27998493	731	739	subjects	T098	C0080105
27998493	759	766	divided	T169	C0332849
27998493	774	780	groups	T078	C0441833
27998493	782	787	Group	T078	C0441833
27998493	803	811	subjects	T098	C0080105
27998493	827	829	TB	T047	C0041296
27998493	841	851	Test group	T078	C0441833
27998493	858	863	group	T078	C0441833
27998493	875	890	non-TB subjects	T098	C0080105
27998493	902	915	Control group	T096	C0009932
27998493	917	932	Unpaired t-test	T170	C1710574
27998493	969	979	difference	T080	C1705242
27998493	1008	1016	bleeding	T046	C0019080
27998493	1046	1052	groups	T078	C0441833
27998493	1071	1081	difference	T080	C1705242
27998493	1088	1094	higher	T080	C0205250
27998493	1098	1103	group	T078	C0441833
27998493	1106	1114	subjects	T098	C0080105
27998493	1137	1155	periodontal status	T034	C0031092
27998493	1177	1179	TB	T047	C0041296

27999011|t|Intrinsic rifamycin resistance of Mycobacterium abscessus is mediated by ADP-ribosyltransferase MAB_0591
27999011|a|Rifampicin, a potent first-line TB drug of the rifamycin group, shows only little activity against the emerging pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus. Reportedly, bacterial resistance to rifampicin is associated with polymorphisms in the target gene rpoB or the presence of enzymes that modify and thereby inactivate rifampicin. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the MAB_0591 (arrMab)-encoded rifampicin ADP-ribosyltransferase (Arr_Mab) in innate high-level rifampicin resistance in M. abscessus. Recombinant Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains expressing MAB_0591 were generated, as was an M. abscessus deletion mutant deficient for MAB_0591. MIC assays were used to study susceptibility to rifampicin and C25 carbamate -modified rifamycin derivatives. Heterologous expression of MAB_0591 conferred rifampicin resistance to E. coli and M. tuberculosis Rifamycin MIC values were consistently lower for the M. abscessus ΔarrMab mutant as compared with the M. abscessus ATCC 19977 parental type strain. The rifamycin WT phenotype was restored after complementation of the M. abscessus ΔarrMab mutant with arrMab Further MIC data demonstrated that a C25 modification increases rifamycin activity in WT M. abscessus However, MIC studies in the M. abscessus ΔarrMab mutant suggest that C25 modified rifamycins are still subject to modification by Arr_Mab CONCLUSIONS: Our findings identify Arr_Mab as the major innate rifamycin resistance determinant of M. abscessus. Our data also indicate that Arr_Mab -mediated rifamycin resistance in M. abscessus can only in part be overcome by C25 carbamate modification.
27999011	0	9	Intrinsic	T082	C0205102
27999011	10	19	rifamycin	T109,T195	C0035609
27999011	20	30	resistance	T032	C0949285
27999011	34	57	Mycobacterium abscessus	T007	C0445910
27999011	73	95	ADP-ribosyltransferase	T116,T126	C0085748
27999011	96	104	MAB_0591	T028	C0017337
27999011	105	115	Rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27999011	137	144	TB drug	T121	C0013227
27999011	152	167	rifamycin group	T109,T195	C0035609
27999011	187	195	activity	T169	C0599112
27999011	217	225	pathogen	T001	C0450254
27999011	226	249	Mycobacterium abscessus	T007	C0445910
27999011	263	283	bacterial resistance	T046	C0151521
27999011	287	297	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27999011	317	330	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
27999011	345	354	gene rpoB	T028	C0017337
27999011	374	381	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
27999011	417	427	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27999011	433	436	aim	T078	C1947946
27999011	486	494	MAB_0591	T028	C0017337
27999011	496	502	arrMab	T028	C0017337
27999011	512	522	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27999011	523	545	ADP-ribosyltransferase	T116,T126	C0085748
27999011	547	554	Arr_Mab	T116,T126	C0085748
27999011	577	587	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27999011	588	598	resistance	T032	C0949285
27999011	602	614	M. abscessus	T007	C0445910
27999011	616	627	Recombinant	T001	C1514798
27999011	628	644	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
27999011	649	675	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27999011	676	683	strains	T001	C1518614
27999011	684	694	expressing	T045	C0017262
27999011	695	703	MAB_0591	T028	C0017337
27999011	730	742	M. abscessus	T007	C0445910
27999011	743	758	deletion mutant	T045	C1511760
27999011	759	768	deficient	T169	C0011155
27999011	773	781	MAB_0591	T028	C0017337
27999011	783	793	MIC assays	T059	C1510438
27999011	813	827	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
27999011	831	841	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27999011	846	859	C25 carbamate	T109	C0006948
27999011	870	891	rifamycin derivatives	T109,T195	C0035609
27999011	893	905	Heterologous	T080	C0439860
27999011	906	916	expression	T045	C0017262
27999011	920	928	MAB_0591	T028	C0017337
27999011	939	949	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
27999011	950	960	resistance	T032	C0949285
27999011	964	971	E. coli	T007	C0014834
27999011	976	991	M. tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27999011	992	1001	Rifamycin	T109,T195	C0035609
27999011	1002	1012	MIC values	T034	C1304747
27999011	1045	1057	M. abscessus	T007	C0445910
27999011	1058	1072	ΔarrMab mutant	T028	C0678941
27999011	1076	1084	compared	T052	C1707455
27999011	1094	1117	M. abscessus ATCC 19977	T007	C0445910
27999011	1118	1138	parental type strain	T001	C1518614
27999011	1144	1153	rifamycin	T109,T195	C0035609
27999011	1154	1156	WT	T028	C1883559
27999011	1157	1166	phenotype	T032	C0031437
27999011	1186	1201	complementation	T045	C0178654
27999011	1209	1221	M. abscessus	T007	C0445910
27999011	1222	1236	ΔarrMab mutant	T028	C0678941
27999011	1242	1248	arrMab	T116,T126	C0085748
27999011	1257	1265	MIC data	T034	C1304747
27999011	1286	1289	C25	T109	C0006948
27999011	1290	1302	modification	T033	C3840684
27999011	1313	1322	rifamycin	T109,T195	C0035609
27999011	1323	1331	activity	T169	C0599112
27999011	1335	1337	WT	T028	C1883559
27999011	1338	1350	M. abscessus	T007	C0445910
27999011	1360	1371	MIC studies	T062	C0681814
27999011	1379	1391	M. abscessus	T007	C0445910
27999011	1392	1406	ΔarrMab mutant	T028	C0678941
27999011	1420	1423	C25	T109	C0006948
27999011	1433	1443	rifamycins	T109,T195	C0035609
27999011	1465	1477	modification	T033	C3840684
27999011	1481	1488	Arr_Mab	T116,T126	C0085748
27999011	1524	1531	Arr_Mab	T116,T126	C0085748
27999011	1552	1561	rifamycin	T109,T195	C0035609
27999011	1562	1572	resistance	T032	C0949285
27999011	1588	1600	M. abscessus	T007	C0445910
27999011	1630	1637	Arr_Mab	T116,T126	C0085748
27999011	1648	1657	rifamycin	T109,T195	C0035609
27999011	1658	1668	resistance	T032	C0949285
27999011	1672	1684	M. abscessus	T007	C0445910
27999011	1717	1730	C25 carbamate	T109	C0006948
27999011	1731	1743	modification	T033	C3840684

27999083|t|Stability of single parent gene expression complementation in maize hybrids upon water deficit stress
27999083|a|Heterosis is the superior performance of F1-hybrids compared to their homozygous, genetically distinct parents. In this study, we monitored the transcriptomic divergence of the maize inbred lines B73 and Mo17 and their reciprocal F1-hybrid progeny in primary roots under control and water deficit conditions simulated by PEG treatment. Single parent expression (SPE) of genes is an extreme instance of gene expression complementation, in which genes are active in only one of two parents but are expressed in both reciprocal hybrids. In the present study, 1,997 genes only expressed in B73 and 2,024 genes only expressed in Mo17 displayed SPE complementation under control and water deficit conditions. As a consequence, the number of active genes in hybrids exceeded the number of active genes in the parental inbred lines significantly independent of treatment. SPE patterns were substantially more stable to expression changes by water deficit treatment than other genotype - specific expression profiles. While on average 75% of all SPE patterns were not altered in response to PEG treatment, only 17% of the remaining genotype - specific expression patterns were not changed by water deficit. Nonsyntenic genes that lack syntenic orthologs in other grass species and thus evolved late in the grass lineage, were significantly overrepresented among SPE genes. Hence, the significant overrepresentation of nonsyntenic genes among SPE patterns and their stability under water limitation suggests a function of these genes during the early developmental manifestation of heterosis under fluctuating environmental conditions.
27999083	0	9	Stability	T080	C0205360
27999083	13	42	single parent gene expression	T045	C0017262
27999083	43	58	complementation	T045	C0178654
27999083	62	67	maize	T002	C0010028
27999083	68	75	hybrids	T001	C0020205
27999083	81	86	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27999083	87	94	deficit	T080	C2987487
27999083	95	101	stress	T046	C0449430
27999083	102	111	Heterosis	T081	C0020201
27999083	119	139	superior performance	T052	C1882330
27999083	143	153	F1-hybrids	T001	C0020205
27999083	172	182	homozygous	T032	C0019904
27999083	184	195	genetically	T169	C0314603
27999083	205	212	parents	T002	C0032098
27999083	222	227	study	T062	C2603343
27999083	246	260	transcriptomic	T086	C3178810
27999083	261	271	divergence	T082	C0443204
27999083	279	284	maize	T002	C0010028
27999083	285	301	inbred lines B73	T001	C0020205
27999083	306	310	Mo17	T001	C0020205
27999083	321	349	reciprocal F1-hybrid progeny	T001	C0020205
27999083	361	366	roots	T002	C0242726
27999083	373	380	control	T080	C0243148
27999083	385	390	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27999083	391	398	deficit	T080	C2987487
27999083	399	409	conditions	T080	C0348080
27999083	410	419	simulated	T062	C0679083
27999083	423	426	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27999083	427	436	treatment	T169	C1522326
27999083	438	462	Single parent expression	T045	C0017262
27999083	464	467	SPE	T045	C0017262
27999083	472	477	genes	T028	C0017337
27999083	504	519	gene expression	T045	C0017262
27999083	520	535	complementation	T045	C0178654
27999083	546	551	genes	T028	C0017337
27999083	556	562	active	T169	C0205177
27999083	582	589	parents	T002	C0032098
27999083	598	607	expressed	T045	C0017262
27999083	616	634	reciprocal hybrids	T001	C0020205
27999083	651	656	study	T062	C2603343
27999083	664	669	genes	T028	C0017337
27999083	675	684	expressed	T045	C0017262
27999083	688	691	B73	T001	C0020205
27999083	702	707	genes	T028	C0017337
27999083	713	722	expressed	T045	C0017262
27999083	726	730	Mo17	T001	C0020205
27999083	741	760	SPE complementation	T045	C0178654
27999083	767	774	control	T080	C0243148
27999083	779	784	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27999083	785	792	deficit	T080	C2987487
27999083	793	803	conditions	T080	C0348080
27999083	837	843	active	T169	C0205177
27999083	844	849	genes	T028	C0017337
27999083	853	860	hybrids	T001	C0020205
27999083	884	890	active	T169	C0205177
27999083	891	896	genes	T028	C0017337
27999083	913	925	inbred lines	T001	C0020205
27999083	955	964	treatment	T169	C1522326
27999083	966	969	SPE	T045	C0017262
27999083	970	978	patterns	T082	C0449774
27999083	998	1009	more stable	T080	C0205360
27999083	1013	1023	expression	T045	C0017262
27999083	1035	1040	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27999083	1041	1048	deficit	T080	C2987487
27999083	1049	1058	treatment	T169	C1522326
27999083	1070	1078	genotype	T032	C0017431
27999083	1081	1089	specific	T080	C0205369
27999083	1090	1109	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
27999083	1139	1142	SPE	T045	C0017262
27999083	1143	1151	patterns	T082	C0449774
27999083	1172	1180	response	T032	C0871261
27999083	1184	1187	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
27999083	1188	1197	treatment	T169	C1522326
27999083	1225	1233	genotype	T032	C0017431
27999083	1236	1244	specific	T080	C0205369
27999083	1245	1255	expression	T045	C0017262
27999083	1256	1264	patterns	T082	C0449774
27999083	1285	1290	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27999083	1291	1298	deficit	T080	C2987487
27999083	1300	1317	Nonsyntenic genes	T028	C0017337
27999083	1328	1346	syntenic orthologs	T028	C1335144
27999083	1356	1369	grass species	T002	C0018210
27999083	1399	1404	grass	T002	C0018210
27999083	1405	1412	lineage	T077	C1881379
27999083	1455	1464	SPE genes	T028	C0017337
27999083	1511	1528	nonsyntenic genes	T028	C0017337
27999083	1535	1538	SPE	T045	C0017262
27999083	1539	1547	patterns	T082	C0449774
27999083	1558	1567	stability	T080	C0205360
27999083	1574	1579	water	T121,T197	C0043047
27999083	1580	1590	limitation	T169	C0449295
27999083	1602	1610	function	T045	C0314627
27999083	1620	1625	genes	T028	C0017337
27999083	1643	1656	developmental	T080	C0458003
27999083	1657	1670	manifestation	T080	C1280464
27999083	1674	1683	heterosis	T081	C0020201
27999083	1690	1701	fluctuating	T079	C0231241
27999083	1702	1726	environmental conditions	T070	C0681779

27999200|t|Metalloproteinase meprin α regulates migration and invasion of human hepatocarcinoma cells and is a mediator of the oncoprotein Reptin
27999200|a|Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with a high rate of intra-hepatic invasion that carries a poor prognosis. Meprin alpha (Mep1A) is a secreted metalloproteinase with many substrates relevant to cancer invasion. We found that Mep1A was a target of Reptin, a protein that is oncogenic in HCC. We studied Mep1A regulation by Reptin, its role in HCC, and whether it mediates Reptin oncogenic effects. MepA and Reptin expression was measured in human HCC by qRT-PCR and in cultured cells by PCR, western blot and enzymatic activity measurements. Cell growth was assessed by counting and MTS assay. Cell migration was measured in Boyden chambers and wound healing assays, and cell invasion in Boyden chambers. Silencing Reptin decreased Mep1A expression and activity, without affecting meprin β. Mep1A, but not meprin β, was overexpressed in a series of 242 human HCC (2.04 fold, p < 0.0001), and a high expression correlated with a poor prognosis. Mep1A and Reptin expressions were positively correlated (r = 0.39, p < 0.0001). Silencing Mep1A had little effect on cell proliferation, but decreased cell migration and invasion of HuH7 and Hep3B cells. Conversely, overexpression of Mep1A or addition of recombinant Mep1A increased migration and invasion. Finally, overexpression of Mep1A restored a normal cell migration in cells where Reptin was depleted. Mep1A is overexpressed in most HCC and induces HCC cell migration and invasion. Mep1A expression is regulated by Reptin, and Mep1A mediates Reptin - induced migration. Overall, we suggest that Mep1A may be a useful target in HCC.
27999200	0	17	Metalloproteinase	T116,T126	C0025543
27999200	18	26	meprin α	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	37	46	migration	T043	C1622501
27999200	51	59	invasion	T033	C1269955
27999200	63	68	human	T016	C0086418
27999200	69	84	hepatocarcinoma	T191	C2239176
27999200	85	90	cells	T025	C0334227
27999200	116	127	oncoprotein	T116,T123	C0029005
27999200	128	134	Reptin	T116,T126	C1120857
27999200	135	159	Hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
27999200	163	178	associated with	T080	C0332281
27999200	181	185	high	T080	C0205250
27999200	186	190	rate	T081	C1521828
27999200	194	207	intra-hepatic	T029	C0205054
27999200	208	216	invasion	T033	C1269955
27999200	232	246	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27999200	248	260	Meprin alpha	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	262	267	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	274	282	secreted	T043	C1327616
27999200	283	300	metalloproteinase	T116,T126	C0025543
27999200	334	349	cancer invasion	T033	C1269955
27999200	365	370	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	377	383	target	T169	C1521840
27999200	387	393	Reptin	T116,T126	C1120857
27999200	397	422	protein that is oncogenic	T116,T123	C0029005
27999200	426	429	HCC	T191	C2239176
27999200	442	447	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	448	458	regulation	T038	C1327622
27999200	462	468	Reptin	T116,T126	C1120857
27999200	482	485	HCC	T191	C2239176
27999200	511	517	Reptin	T116,T126	C1120857
27999200	518	527	oncogenic	T131	C0007090
27999200	528	535	effects	T080	C1280500
27999200	537	541	MepA	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	546	552	Reptin	T116,T126	C1120857
27999200	553	563	expression	T045	C1171362
27999200	580	585	human	T016	C0086418
27999200	586	589	HCC	T191	C2239176
27999200	593	600	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
27999200	608	622	cultured cells	T025	C0007635
27999200	626	629	PCR	T063	C0032520
27999200	631	643	western blot	T059	C0949466
27999200	648	679	enzymatic activity measurements	T062	C0681902
27999200	681	692	Cell growth	T043	C0007595
27999200	697	705	assessed	T052	C1516048
27999200	709	717	counting	T059	C0007584
27999200	722	731	MTS assay	T062	C2986858
27999200	733	747	Cell migration	T043	C1622501
27999200	764	779	Boyden chambers	T074	C3874231
27999200	784	797	wound healing	T040	C0043240
27999200	798	804	assays	T059	C0005507
27999200	810	823	cell invasion	T033	C1269955
27999200	827	842	Boyden chambers	T074	C3874231
27999200	844	853	Silencing	T045	C0598496
27999200	854	860	Reptin	T028	C1419774
27999200	861	870	decreased	T081	C0205216
27999200	871	876	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	877	887	expression	T045	C1171362
27999200	892	900	activity	T052	C0441655
27999200	920	928	meprin β	T116,T126	C1451346
27999200	930	935	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	945	953	meprin β	T116,T126	C1451346
27999200	959	972	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
27999200	992	997	human	T016	C0086418
27999200	998	1001	HCC	T191	C2239176
27999200	1033	1037	high	T080	C0205250
27999200	1038	1048	expression	T045	C1171362
27999200	1049	1059	correlated	T080	C1707520
27999200	1067	1081	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
27999200	1083	1088	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	1093	1099	Reptin	T116,T126	C1120857
27999200	1100	1111	expressions	T045	C1171362
27999200	1128	1138	correlated	T080	C1707520
27999200	1163	1172	Silencing	T045	C0598496
27999200	1173	1178	Mep1A	T028	C1417113
27999200	1200	1218	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
27999200	1224	1233	decreased	T081	C0205216
27999200	1234	1248	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27999200	1253	1261	invasion	T033	C1269955
27999200	1265	1269	HuH7	T025	C0007601
27999200	1274	1285	Hep3B cells	T025	C0007601
27999200	1299	1313	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27999200	1317	1322	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	1338	1349	recombinant	T001	C1514798
27999200	1350	1355	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	1356	1365	increased	T081	C0205217
27999200	1366	1375	migration	T043	C1622501
27999200	1380	1388	invasion	T033	C1269955
27999200	1399	1413	overexpression	T045	C1514559
27999200	1417	1422	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	1434	1440	normal	T080	C0205307
27999200	1441	1455	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27999200	1459	1464	cells	T025	C0334227
27999200	1471	1477	Reptin	T116,T126	C1120857
27999200	1482	1490	depleted	T169	C0333668
27999200	1492	1497	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	1501	1514	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
27999200	1523	1526	HCC	T191	C2239176
27999200	1531	1538	induces	T169	C0205263
27999200	1539	1542	HCC	T191	C2239176
27999200	1543	1557	cell migration	T043	C1622501
27999200	1562	1570	invasion	T033	C1269955
27999200	1572	1577	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	1578	1588	expression	T045	C1171362
27999200	1605	1611	Reptin	T116,T126	C1120857
27999200	1617	1622	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	1632	1638	Reptin	T116,T126	C1120857
27999200	1641	1648	induced	T169	C0205263
27999200	1649	1658	migration	T043	C1622501
27999200	1685	1690	Mep1A	T116,T126	C1622778
27999200	1707	1713	target	T169	C1521840
27999200	1717	1720	HCC	T191	C2239176

27999240|t|Immunogenicity of a DNA Vaccine Encoding Ag85a - Tb10.4 Antigens from Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
27999240|a|Tuberculosis is a life threatening disease that is partially prevented by BCG vaccine. Development of more effective vaccines is an urgent priority in TB control. Ag85a and Tb10.4 are the members of culture filter protein (CFP) of M. tuberculosis that have high immunogenicity. To analyze the immunogenicity of Ag85a - Tb10.4 DNA vaccine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this study a previously described plasmid DNA vaccine encoding Ag85a - Tb10.4 was used to examine its capability in the stimulation of immune responses in an animal model. Female BALB/c mice were vaccinated with 100 μg of purified recombinant vector intramuscularly 3 times at two- week intervals and the levels of five cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-12, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β were measured. The levels of IFN-γ and IL-12 for the mice following immunization with Ag85A - Tb10.4 was significantly greater than that of the BCG and control group (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the levels of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β between groups. IFN-γ and IL-12 Th1 cytokines increased significantly in mice vaccinated with Ag85a - TB10.4 DNA vaccine in comparison to the control and BCG groups. Our results may serve as a groundwork for further research into the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis.
27999240	0	14	Immunogenicity	T038	C4277607
27999240	20	31	DNA Vaccine	T114,T121,T129	C0376613
27999240	41	46	Ag85a	T116,T126,T129	C0675617
27999240	49	64	Tb10.4 Antigens	T116,T129	C1570563
27999240	70	96	Mycobacterium Tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27999240	97	109	Tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
27999240	115	131	life threatening	T033	C2826244
27999240	132	139	disease	T047	C0012634
27999240	158	167	prevented	T061	C0150638
27999240	171	182	BCG vaccine	T121,T129	C0004886
27999240	184	195	Development	T062	C0597634
27999240	204	213	effective	T080	C1704419
27999240	214	222	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
27999240	248	250	TB	T047	C0041296
27999240	260	265	Ag85a	T116,T126,T129	C0675617
27999240	270	276	Tb10.4	T116,T129	C1570563
27999240	296	318	culture filter protein	T116,T123	C0033684
27999240	320	323	CFP	T116,T123	C0033684
27999240	328	343	M. tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
27999240	359	373	immunogenicity	T038	C4277607
27999240	378	385	analyze	T062	C0936012
27999240	390	404	immunogenicity	T038	C4277607
27999240	408	413	Ag85a	T116,T126,T129	C0675617
27999240	416	422	Tb10.4	T116,T129	C1570563
27999240	423	434	DNA vaccine	T114,T121,T129	C0376613
27999240	438	471	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
27999240	473	478	ELISA	T059	C0014441
27999240	489	494	study	T062	C2603343
27999240	518	525	plasmid	T121,T129	C0597641
27999240	526	537	DNA vaccine	T114,T121,T129	C0376613
27999240	547	552	Ag85a	T116,T126,T129	C0675617
27999240	555	561	Tb10.4	T116,T129	C1570563
27999240	574	581	examine	T062	C0936012
27999240	604	615	stimulation	T070	C1948023
27999240	619	635	immune responses	T042	C0301872
27999240	642	654	animal model	T008	C0599779
27999240	656	662	Female	T032	C0086287
27999240	663	674	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
27999240	680	690	vaccinated	T061	C0042196
27999240	715	726	recombinant	T116,T121,T129	C0034862
27999240	727	733	vector	T114	C0017397
27999240	734	749	intramuscularly	T082	C0442117
27999240	766	770	week	T079	C0439230
27999240	804	813	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27999240	824	829	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27999240	831	836	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27999240	838	842	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27999240	844	849	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27999240	854	859	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27999240	889	894	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27999240	899	904	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27999240	913	917	mice	T015	C0025919
27999240	928	940	immunization	T061	C0020971
27999240	946	951	Ag85A	T116,T126,T129	C0675617
27999240	954	960	Tb10.4	T116,T129	C1570563
27999240	965	978	significantly	T078	C0750502
27999240	1004	1007	BCG	T121,T129	C0004886
27999240	1012	1025	control group	T096	C0009932
27999240	1058	1069	significant	T078	C0750502
27999240	1098	1102	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
27999240	1104	1109	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
27999240	1114	1119	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
27999240	1128	1134	groups	T078	C0441833
27999240	1136	1141	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
27999240	1146	1151	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
27999240	1152	1155	Th1	T116,T129	C0079189
27999240	1156	1165	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
27999240	1176	1189	significantly	T078	C0750502
27999240	1193	1197	mice	T015	C0025919
27999240	1198	1208	vaccinated	T061	C0042196
27999240	1214	1219	Ag85a	T116,T126,T129	C0675617
27999240	1222	1228	TB10.4	T116,T129	C1570563
27999240	1229	1240	DNA vaccine	T114,T121,T129	C0376613
27999240	1262	1269	control	T096	C0009932
27999240	1274	1277	BCG	T121,T129	C0004886
27999240	1278	1284	groups	T078	C0441833
27999240	1290	1297	results	T033	C0683954
27999240	1336	1344	research	T062	C0035168
27999240	1354	1364	prevention	T061	C0679698
27999240	1369	1378	treatment	T061	C0087111
27999240	1382	1394	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296

28000019|t|Long-term biological hydrogen production by agar immobilized Rhodobacter capsulatus in a sequential batch photobioreactor
28000019|a|In this study, agar immobilization technique was employed for biological hydrogen production using Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM 1710 (wild type) and YO3 (hup-mutant) strains in sequential batch process. Different agar and glutamate concentrations were tested with defined nutrient medium. Agar concentration 4% (w/v) and 4 mM glutamate were selected for bacterial immobilization in terms of rate and longevity of hydrogen production. Acetate concentration was increased from 40 to 60-100 and 60 mM gave best results with both bacterial strains immobilized in 4% (w/v) agar. Cell concentration was increased from 2.5 to 5 mg dcw mL(-1) agar and it was found that increasing cell concentration of wild-type strain caused decrease in yield and productivity while these parameters improved by increasing cell concentration of mutant strain. Also, the hydrogen production time has extended from 17 days up to 60 days according to the process conditions and parameters. Hydrogen production by immobilized photosynthetic bacteria is a convenient technology for hydrogen production as it enables to produce hydrogen with high organic acid concentrations comparing to suspended cultures. Besides, immobilization increases the stability of the system and allowed sequential batch operation for long-term application.
28000019	0	9	Long-term	T079	C0443252
28000019	10	40	biological hydrogen production	T038	C3822293
28000019	44	48	agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28000019	49	60	immobilized	T025	C0282542
28000019	61	83	Rhodobacter capsulatus	T007	C0080118
28000019	89	99	sequential	T080	C1705294
28000019	100	105	batch	T081	C1948031
28000019	106	121	photobioreactor	T072	C2936386
28000019	130	135	study	T062	C0008972
28000019	137	141	agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28000019	142	166	immobilization technique	T169	C0449851
28000019	184	214	biological hydrogen production	T038	C3822293
28000019	221	252	Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM 1710	T007	C0080118
28000019	254	263	wild type	T028	C1883559
28000019	269	293	YO3 (hup-mutant) strains	T001	C1518614
28000019	297	307	sequential	T080	C1705294
28000019	308	313	batch	T081	C1948031
28000019	314	321	process	T067	C1522240
28000019	333	337	agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28000019	342	351	glutamate	T116	C0017789
28000019	352	366	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28000019	372	378	tested	T169	C0039593
28000019	392	407	nutrient medium	T130	C0010454
28000019	409	413	Agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28000019	414	427	concentration	T081	C1446561
28000019	446	455	glutamate	T116	C0017789
28000019	474	498	bacterial immobilization	T025	C0282542
28000019	511	515	rate	T081	C1521828
28000019	520	529	longevity	T079	C0023980
28000019	533	552	hydrogen production	T038	C3822293
28000019	554	561	Acetate	T109,T121	C0000975
28000019	562	575	concentration	T081	C1446561
28000019	580	589	increased	T081	C0205217
28000019	628	635	results	T033	C2825142
28000019	646	663	bacterial strains	T007	C0004611
28000019	664	675	immobilized	T025	C0282542
28000019	688	692	agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28000019	694	712	Cell concentration	T081	C1883444
28000019	717	726	increased	T081	C0205217
28000019	755	759	agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28000019	793	811	cell concentration	T081	C1883444
28000019	815	831	wild-type strain	T028	C1883559
28000019	839	847	decrease	T081	C0547047
28000019	861	873	productivity	T081	C0033269
28000019	886	896	parameters	UnknownType	C0683582
28000019	920	938	cell concentration	T081	C1883444
28000019	942	955	mutant strain	T001	C1518614
28000019	967	986	hydrogen production	T038	C3822293
28000019	996	1004	extended	T082	C0231449
28000019	1013	1017	days	T079	C0439228
28000019	1027	1031	days	T079	C0439228
28000019	1049	1056	process	T067	C1522240
28000019	1057	1067	conditions	T080	C0348080
28000019	1072	1082	parameters	UnknownType	C0683582
28000019	1084	1103	Hydrogen production	T038	C3822293
28000019	1107	1118	immobilized	T025	C0282542
28000019	1119	1142	photosynthetic bacteria	T007	C0597233
28000019	1148	1158	convenient	T080	C3831015
28000019	1159	1169	technology	T090	C0039421
28000019	1174	1193	hydrogen production	T038	C3822293
28000019	1219	1227	hydrogen	T196	C0020275
28000019	1233	1237	high	T080	C0205250
28000019	1238	1250	organic acid	T109	C0369760
28000019	1251	1265	concentrations	T081	C0392762
28000019	1279	1297	suspended cultures	T059	C1515100
28000019	1308	1322	immobilization	T067	C1522240
28000019	1337	1346	stability	T080	C0205360
28000019	1373	1383	sequential	T080	C1705294
28000019	1384	1389	batch	T081	C1948031
28000019	1404	1413	long-term	T079	C0443252
28000019	1414	1425	application	T169	C4048755

28000357|t|Conceptualizing and Treating Social Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Focus Group Study with Multidisciplinary Professionals
28000357|a|Individuals who have autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly experience social anxiety (SA). Disentangling SA symptoms from core ASD characteristics is complex, partly due to diagnostic overshadowing and co-occurring alexithymia. Causal and maintaining mechanisms for SA in ASD are underexplored, but it is feasible that there is an ASD specificity to the clinical presentation, with implications for the development of targeted treatments. Five focus groups were conducted with multidisciplinary professionals to investigate their perspectives about, and approaches to, working with individuals with ASD and SA. Data were analysed thematically. Data analysis revealed two overarching themes: conceptualizing SA in ASD and service provision. Our results suggest that adaptations to service provision are pertinent, so as to accommodate inherent impairments that can mediate assessment and intervention. Future studies should establish how aspects of the care pathway can be improved for individuals with ASD and SA.
28000357	0	15	Conceptualizing	T077	C1254372
28000357	20	28	Treating	T169	C1522326
28000357	29	43	Social Anxiety	T048	C0424166
28000357	47	71	Autism Spectrum Disorder	T048	C1510586
28000357	75	92	Focus Group Study	UnknownType	C0681821
28000357	98	115	Multidisciplinary	T057	C0242479
28000357	116	129	Professionals	T090	C2698884
28000357	130	141	Individuals	T098	C0237401
28000357	151	176	autism spectrum disorders	T048	C1510586
28000357	178	181	ASD	T048	C1510586
28000357	183	191	commonly	T081	C0205214
28000357	192	202	experience	T041	C0596545
28000357	203	217	social anxiety	T048	C0424166
28000357	219	221	SA	T048	C0424166
28000357	224	237	Disentangling	T080	C0849355
28000357	238	240	SA	T048	C0424166
28000357	241	249	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28000357	255	259	core	T082	C0444669
28000357	260	263	ASD	T048	C1510586
28000357	264	279	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28000357	283	290	complex	T080	C0439855
28000357	306	316	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28000357	317	330	overshadowing	T080	C0443189
28000357	335	347	co-occurring	T052	C1709305
28000357	348	359	alexithymia	T184	C0002020
28000357	361	367	Causal	T080	C0439675
28000357	372	383	maintaining	T169	C1314677
28000357	384	394	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28000357	399	401	SA	T048	C0424166
28000357	405	408	ASD	T048	C1510586
28000357	413	426	underexplored	T033	C0243095
28000357	438	446	feasible	T080	C0205556
28000357	464	467	ASD	T048	C1510586
28000357	468	479	specificity	T080	C0205369
28000357	487	508	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
28000357	515	527	implications	T080	C0205556
28000357	536	547	development	T169	C1527148
28000357	551	559	targeted	T169	C1521840
28000357	560	570	treatments	T061	C0087111
28000357	577	589	focus groups	T096	C0016400
28000357	595	604	conducted	T169	C0205245
28000357	610	627	multidisciplinary	T057	C0242479
28000357	628	641	professionals	T090	C2698884
28000357	645	656	investigate	T169	C1292732
28000357	663	675	perspectives	T041	C0004271
28000357	687	697	approaches	T041	C0004271
28000357	702	709	working	T057	C0043227
28000357	715	726	individuals	T098	C0237401
28000357	732	735	ASD	T048	C1510586
28000357	740	742	SA	T048	C0424166
28000357	744	748	Data	T078	C1511726
28000357	754	762	analysed	T062	C0936012
28000357	763	775	thematically	T080	C0205556
28000357	777	781	Data	T078	C1511726
28000357	782	790	analysis	T062	C0936012
28000357	791	799	revealed	T080	C0443289
28000357	804	815	overarching	T080	C0205556
28000357	816	822	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
28000357	824	839	conceptualizing	T077	C1254372
28000357	840	842	SA	T048	C0424166
28000357	846	849	ASD	T048	C1510586
28000357	854	861	service	T058	C0018747
28000357	862	871	provision	T058	C1283218
28000357	877	884	results	T033	C0683954
28000357	885	892	suggest	T078	C1705535
28000357	898	909	adaptations	T038	C0392673
28000357	913	920	service	T058	C0018747
28000357	921	930	provision	T058	C1283218
28000357	935	944	pertinent	T080	C2347946
28000357	955	966	accommodate	T046	C0595920
28000357	967	975	inherent	T169	C0439674
28000357	976	987	impairments	T169	C0221099
28000357	1005	1015	assessment	T058	C0220825
28000357	1020	1032	intervention	T061	C0184661
28000357	1041	1048	studies	T062	C2603343
28000357	1056	1065	establish	T080	C0443211
28000357	1070	1077	aspects	T080	C1879746
28000357	1085	1097	care pathway	T052	C1947933
28000357	1105	1113	improved	T033	C0184511
28000357	1118	1129	individuals	T098	C0237401
28000357	1135	1138	ASD	T048	C1510586
28000357	1143	1145	SA	T048	C0424166

28000391|t|Psychosocial impact on families with an infant with a hypoplastic left heart syndrome during and after the interstage monitoring period - a prospective mixed-method study
28000391|a|To investigate parents' experiences, coping ability and quality of life while monitoring their sick child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome at home. Interstage home monitoring for children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome reduces interstage mortality between Norwood stages I and II. Little is known about the psychosocial impact of interstage home monitoring. Prospective mixed-method study. This study assessed the psychosocial impact on parents during interstage home monitoring. This contains for quantitative assessment the Short Form Health Survey questionnaire and the Impact of Family Scale administered one and five weeks following discharge before and after stage II. For qualitative assessment, semi-structured interviews focussing on the postdischarge coping strategies were conducted twice, five weeks after hospital discharge before and after stage II. Ten infants (eight males) with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (n = 7) or other types of univentricular heart malformations (n = 3), and their parents (nine mother/father two- parent households, one single mother) were included. There were no interstage deaths. Mental Health Composite Summary scores were low in both parents (mothers: 40·45 ± 9·07; fathers: 40·58 ± 9·69) and lowest for the item ' vitality ' (mothers: 37·0 ± 19·46; fathers: 43·12 ± 25·9) before and after stage II. Impact of Family Scale values showed higher daily and social burdens for mothers. 'Becoming a family' was the most important task as coping strategy to equilibrate the fragile emotional balance. The parents judged interstage home monitoring as a protective intervention. Although psychosocial burden before and after stage II remains high, becoming a family is an essential experience for parents and confirms their parenthood. Healthcare professionals must be aware of parents ' needs during this vulnerable interstage period and to provide psychosocial and nursing support.
28000391	0	19	Psychosocial impact	T080	C0033963
28000391	23	31	families	T099	C0015576
28000391	40	46	infant	T100	C0021270
28000391	54	85	hypoplastic left heart syndrome	T047	C0152101
28000391	86	135	during and after the interstage monitoring period	T079	C1254367
28000391	140	170	prospective mixed-method study	T062	C0033522
28000391	186	206	parents' experiences	T041	C0596545
28000391	208	222	coping ability	T055	C0009967
28000391	227	242	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28000391	249	259	monitoring	T058	C0030695
28000391	266	276	sick child	T101	C0260101
28000391	282	313	hypoplastic left heart syndrome	T047	C0152101
28000391	317	321	home	T082	C0442519
28000391	323	349	Interstage home monitoring	T058	C0030695
28000391	354	362	children	T100	C0008059
28000391	368	399	hypoplastic left heart syndrome	T047	C0152101
28000391	419	428	mortality	T081	C0008083
28000391	437	460	Norwood stages I and II	T061	C2242650
28000391	488	507	psychosocial impact	T080	C0033963
28000391	511	537	interstage home monitoring	T058	C0030695
28000391	539	569	Prospective mixed-method study	T062	C0033522
28000391	595	614	psychosocial impact	T080	C0033963
28000391	618	625	parents	T099	C0030551
28000391	633	659	interstage home monitoring	T058	C0030695
28000391	679	702	quantitative assessment	T081	C0034384
28000391	707	745	Short Form Health Survey questionnaire	T170	C1714475
28000391	764	789	Family Scale administered	T033	C0243095
28000391	819	828	discharge	T058	C0030685
28000391	829	854	before and after stage II	T079	C1254367
28000391	860	882	qualitative assessment	T080	C0034375
28000391	884	910	semi-structured interviews	UnknownType	C0681913
28000391	928	941	postdischarge	T033	C1320368
28000391	942	959	coping strategies	T061	C0474179
28000391	993	1017	after hospital discharge	T033	C1320368
28000391	1018	1043	before and after stage II	T079	C1254367
28000391	1049	1056	infants	T100	C0021270
28000391	1064	1069	males	T032	C0086582
28000391	1076	1107	hypoplastic left heart syndrome	T047	C0152101
28000391	1134	1168	univentricular heart malformations	T019	C0018798
28000391	1188	1195	parents	T099	C0030551
28000391	1202	1215	mother/father	T099	C0030551
28000391	1221	1227	parent	T099	C0030551
28000391	1228	1238	households	T099	C0020052
28000391	1244	1257	single mother	T099	C0337491
28000391	1285	1305	no interstage deaths	T033	C0243095
28000391	1307	1320	Mental Health	T041	C0025353
28000391	1321	1345	Composite Summary scores	T081	C4055211
28000391	1363	1370	parents	T099	C0030551
28000391	1372	1379	mothers	T099	C0026591
28000391	1395	1402	fathers	T099	C0015671
28000391	1444	1452	vitality	T033	C0424589
28000391	1456	1463	mothers	T099	C0026591
28000391	1479	1486	fathers	T099	C0015671
28000391	1502	1527	before and after stage II	T079	C1254367
28000391	1539	1558	Family Scale values	T033	C0243095
28000391	1583	1597	social burdens	T078	C2828008
28000391	1602	1609	mothers	T099	C0026591
28000391	1662	1677	coping strategy	T061	C0474179
28000391	1697	1722	fragile emotional balance	T048	C0233459
28000391	1728	1735	parents	T099	C0030551
28000391	1743	1769	interstage home monitoring	T058	C0030695
28000391	1775	1798	protective intervention	T061	C0184661
28000391	1809	1828	psychosocial burden	T080	C0033963
28000391	1829	1854	before and after stage II	T079	C1254367
28000391	1880	1886	family	T099	C0015576
28000391	1918	1925	parents	T099	C0030551
28000391	1945	1955	parenthood	T054	C0337469
28000391	1957	1981	Healthcare professionals	T097	C0018724
28000391	1999	2006	parents	T099	C0030551
28000391	2027	2055	vulnerable interstage period	T079	C1254367
28000391	2071	2083	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
28000391	2088	2103	nursing support	T061	C0028678

28000514|t|Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of a new metabolite from Quercus incana
28000514|a|Phytochemical investigations of Quercus incana led to the isolation of a new catechin derivative quercuschin (1), along with six known compounds: quercetin (2), methyl gallate (3), gallic acid (4), betulinic acid (5), (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (6) and β-sitosterol glucoside (7) from the ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of the bark. Compound 1 was screened for its antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant potential. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compound were tested against different bacterial and fungal strains, employing the agar well diffusion methods. The antibacterial activity was the highest against Streptococcus pyogenes with 80.0% inhibition, while the antifungal activity of the compound was the highest against Candida glabrata with 80.5% inhibition. The results of the antioxidant activity indicated that the compound exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to that of standard, butylated hydroxyanisole (51.2 μg/10 μl versus 45.9 μg/10 μl).
28000514	0	13	Antimicrobial	T034	C1271650
28000514	18	40	antioxidant activities	T044	C1148564
28000514	50	60	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28000514	66	80	Quercus incana	T002	C1634308
28000514	81	94	Phytochemical	T109,T123	C0577749
28000514	113	127	Quercus incana	T002	C1634308
28000514	139	148	isolation	T169	C0205409
28000514	158	166	catechin	T109,T121	C0007404
28000514	178	189	quercuschin	T109	C0029224
28000514	216	225	compounds	T103	C1706082
28000514	227	236	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
28000514	242	256	methyl gallate	T109,T121	C0066248
28000514	262	273	gallic acid	T109,T130	C0016979
28000514	279	293	betulinic acid	T109,T121	C0053530
28000514	299	335	(Z)-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester	T109	C0029224
28000514	344	366	β-sitosterol glucoside	T109	C0029224
28000514	380	393	ethyl acetate	T109,T121	C0059747
28000514	394	405	fraction of	T081	C1264633
28000514	406	416	methanolic	T109,T131	C0001963
28000514	417	424	extract	T167	C2828366
28000514	432	436	bark	T002	C2700441
28000514	438	446	Compound	T103	C1706082
28000514	470	483	antibacterial	T034	C1254360
28000514	485	495	antifungal	T034	C1254360
28000514	500	521	antioxidant potential	T034	C1254360
28000514	523	536	Antibacterial	T034	C1271650
28000514	541	562	antifungal activities	T034	C1271650
28000514	570	578	compound	T103	C1706082
28000514	609	618	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28000514	623	637	fungal strains	T004	C0016832
28000514	653	680	agar well diffusion methods	T059	C0523228
28000514	686	708	antibacterial activity	T034	C1271650
28000514	733	755	Streptococcus pyogenes	T007	C0038411
28000514	767	777	inhibition	T044	C0021469
28000514	789	808	antifungal activity	T033	C0243095
28000514	816	824	compound	T103	C1706082
28000514	849	865	Candida glabrata	T004	C0319899
28000514	877	887	inhibition	T044	C0021469
28000514	908	928	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28000514	948	956	compound	T103	C1706082
28000514	967	987	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28000514	1020	1044	butylated hydroxyanisole	T109,T121,T131	C0006506

28002021|t|Proteases and cytokines as mediators of interactions between cancer and stromal cells in tumours
28002021|a|Proteolytic enzymes are highly relevant in different processes of cancer progression. Their interplay with other signalling molecules such as cytokines represents important regulation of multicellular cross-talk. In this review, we discuss protease regulation mechanisms of cytokine signalling in various types of cancer. Additionally, we highlight the reverse whereby cytokines have an impact on protease expression in an autocrine and paracrine manner, representing complex feedback mechanisms among multiple members of these two protein families. The relevance of the protease - cytokine axis is illustrated in glioblastoma, where interactions between normal mesenchymal stem cells and cancer cells play an important role in this very malignant form of brain cancer.
28002021	0	9	Proteases	T116,T126	C1947941
28002021	14	23	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28002021	40	52	interactions	T043	C0007582
28002021	61	67	cancer	T191	C0006826
28002021	72	85	stromal cells	T025	C0162597
28002021	89	96	tumours	T191	C0027651
28002021	97	116	Proteolytic enzymes	T116,T126	C1947941
28002021	163	181	cancer progression	T046	C1947901
28002021	210	220	signalling	T038	C3537152
28002021	221	230	molecules	T167	C0567416
28002021	239	248	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28002021	270	280	regulation	T038	C1327622
28002021	284	297	multicellular	T025	C0007634
28002021	298	308	cross-talk	T043	C2986468
28002021	318	324	review	T170	C0282443
28002021	337	345	protease	T116,T126	C1947941
28002021	346	356	regulation	T038	C1327622
28002021	371	390	cytokine signalling	T043	C1155359
28002021	411	417	cancer	T191	C0006826
28002021	466	475	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28002021	484	490	impact	T080	C4049986
28002021	494	502	protease	T116,T126	C1947941
28002021	503	513	expression	T045	C1171362
28002021	520	529	autocrine	T042	C0596138
28002021	534	543	paracrine	T039	C0597170
28002021	573	592	feedback mechanisms	T039	C0678663
28002021	599	615	multiple members	T099	C4316741
28002021	629	645	protein families	T116,T123	C1335532
28002021	651	660	relevance	T080	C2347946
28002021	668	676	protease	T116,T126	C1947941
28002021	679	687	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28002021	711	723	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28002021	731	743	interactions	T043	C0007582
28002021	759	781	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28002021	786	798	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28002021	835	865	malignant form of brain cancer	T191	C0153633

28002035|t|The Effect of Omega-3 Supplement on Serum Lipid Profile in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
28002035|a|Some recent suggestions could show omega-3 condition deficiency following prolonged hemodialysis; however, these claims and speculations have not been well demonstrated with sufficient evidences. Hence, we attempted to assess the beneficial effects of omega-3 on lipid profile in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. One hundred and seventeen ESRD patients who were on maintenance dialysis in Rasoul-e-Akram and Madaen Hospitals were enrolled in this randomized clinical trial. These patients were divided into two groups randomly using block randomization method (57 patients as the case group receiving omega-3 for 12 weeks and 60 as the control group). Blood sample was taken from all patients for measurement of lipid profile, serum hemoglobin, and C-reactive protein at baseline as well as after the completion of interventions (after 12 weeks). The average change in the value of HDL-C was significantly more in the patients who received omega-3 than in the control group (MD, -7 mg/dL; 95% CI, -11 to 0 p = 0.000). Also, the reduction in serum creatinine level was more in the omega-3 group than in the control group (MD, 0.7 mg/dL; 95% CI, -0.4 to 2.1 p = 0.023). The change in other indices including serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and serum hemoglobin levels was not different between the two groups. The multivariable linear regression analysis showed no difference in serum HDL level between the two groups adjusted for sex, age, and time of dialysis, while the level of serum HDL-C could be adversely predicted by duration time. Similar regression model showed a between- group difference in serum creatinine in the presence of potential confounders. The change in serum HDL level following use of omega-3 supplement is influenced by time of dialysis, not by drug effect. However, consumption of omega-3 can significantly reduce serum creatinine.
28002035	4	10	Effect	T080	C1280500
28002035	14	21	Omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28002035	22	32	Supplement	T169	C2348609
28002035	36	55	Serum Lipid Profile	T059	C0428462
28002035	59	67	Patients	T101	C0030705
28002035	79	91	Hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
28002035	95	120	Randomized Clinical Trial	T062,T170	C0206034
28002035	156	163	omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28002035	174	184	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28002035	195	204	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28002035	205	217	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
28002035	373	380	omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28002035	384	397	lipid profile	T059	C0428462
28002035	401	409	patients	T101	C0030705
28002035	415	438	end-stage renal disease	T047	C0022661
28002035	440	444	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28002035	457	469	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
28002035	497	501	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28002035	502	510	patients	T101	C0030705
28002035	523	534	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28002035	535	543	dialysis	T061	C0011946
28002035	547	582	Rasoul-e-Akram and Madaen Hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28002035	605	630	randomized clinical trial	T062,T170	C0206034
28002035	638	646	patients	T101	C0030705
28002035	669	675	groups	T078	C0441833
28002035	691	717	block randomization method	T062	C0034656
28002035	722	730	patients	T101	C0030705
28002035	743	748	group	T078	C0441833
28002035	759	766	omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28002035	774	779	weeks	T079	C0439230
28002035	794	807	control group	T096	C0009932
28002035	810	822	Blood sample	T031	C0178913
28002035	842	850	patients	T101	C0030705
28002035	855	883	measurement of lipid profile	T059	C0428462
28002035	885	901	serum hemoglobin	T059	C0518015
28002035	907	925	C-reactive protein	T059	C0201657
28002035	959	969	completion	T080	C0205197
28002035	973	986	interventions	T061	C0184661
28002035	997	1002	weeks	T079	C0439230
28002035	1040	1045	HDL-C	T109,T123	C0023822
28002035	1050	1068	significantly more	T081	C4055637
28002035	1076	1084	patients	T101	C0030705
28002035	1098	1105	omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28002035	1118	1131	control group	T096	C0009932
28002035	1133	1135	MD	T201	C1828170
28002035	1151	1153	CI	T081	C0009667
28002035	1186	1195	reduction	T061	C0441610
28002035	1199	1221	serum creatinine level	T033	C0600061
28002035	1238	1245	omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28002035	1246	1251	group	T078	C0441833
28002035	1264	1277	control group	T078	C0441833
28002035	1279	1281	MD	T201	C1828170
28002035	1298	1300	CI	T081	C0009667
28002035	1346	1353	indices	T170	C0918012
28002035	1364	1382	serum triglyceride	T034	C1287372
28002035	1384	1401	total cholesterol	T034	C0428466
28002035	1407	1430	serum hemoglobin levels	T034	C0019029
28002035	1465	1471	groups	T078	C0441833
28002035	1477	1517	multivariable linear regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28002035	1542	1557	serum HDL level	T059	C0392885
28002035	1574	1580	groups	T078	C0441833
28002035	1594	1597	sex	T032	C0079399
28002035	1599	1602	age	T032	C0001779
28002035	1608	1612	time	T079	C0040223
28002035	1616	1624	dialysis	T061	C0011946
28002035	1636	1656	level of serum HDL-C	T059	C0428472
28002035	1689	1702	duration time	T079	C0040223
28002035	1712	1728	regression model	T170	C3161035
28002035	1747	1752	group	T078	C0441833
28002035	1767	1783	serum creatinine	T033	C0600061
28002035	1803	1812	potential	T080	C3245505
28002035	1813	1824	confounders	T169	C0009673
28002035	1840	1855	serum HDL level	T059	C0392885
28002035	1873	1880	omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28002035	1881	1891	supplement	T169	C2348609
28002035	1909	1913	time	T079	C0040223
28002035	1917	1925	dialysis	T061	C0011946
28002035	1934	1945	drug effect	T169	C0728866
28002035	1956	1967	consumption	T039	C1947907
28002035	1971	1978	omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28002035	1983	2003	significantly reduce	T081	C4055638
28002035	2004	2020	serum creatinine	T033	C0600061

28002085|t|Rates and predictors of injury in a population - based cohort of people living with HIV
28002085|a|Injuries are responsible for 10% of the global burden of disease; however, the epidemiology of injury among people living with HIV (PLHIV) has not been well elucidated. This study seeks to characterize rates and predictors of injury among PLHIV compared to the general population in British Columbia (BC), Canada. A population - based dataset was created via linkage between the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and PopulationDataBC. PLHIV aged 20 years and older were compared to a random 10% sample of the adult general population. The International Classification of Diseases 9 and 10 codes were used to classify unintentional and intentional injuries based on the external cause of the injury from 1996 to 2013. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) Poisson regression models were fit to estimate the effect of HIV status on rates of unintentional and intentional injury, and to identify correlates of injury among PLHIV. The crude incidence rate of unintentional injury was 18.56/1000 person - years [95% confidence interval (CI) 17.77-19.39] among PLHIV and 8.51/1000 person - years (95% CI 8.42-8.59) in the general population. Among PLHIV, 13.45% of deaths were due to injury, compared to 5.52% of deaths in the general population. In adjusted models, PLHIV were more likely to report unintentional (incidence rate ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.32-1.52) and intentional injury (incidence rate ratio 1.93, 95% CI 1.70-2.18) compared to the general population. We identified elevated rates of intentional and unintentional injury among PLHIV. Injuries are largely preventable; as such, targeted efforts are needed to decrease the burden of injury - related disability and death among PLHIV.
28002085	0	5	Rates	T081	C1521828
28002085	10	20	predictors	T078	C2698872
28002085	24	30	injury	T037	C0178314
28002085	36	46	population	T081	C0032659
28002085	49	54	based	T169	C1527178
28002085	55	61	cohort	T098	C0599755
28002085	65	71	people	T098	C0027361
28002085	72	78	living	T078	C0376558
28002085	84	87	HIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	88	96	Injuries	T037	C0178314
28002085	128	134	global	T080	C2348867
28002085	135	141	burden	T078	C2828008
28002085	145	152	disease	T047	C0012634
28002085	167	179	epidemiology	T169	C0014508
28002085	183	189	injury	T037	C0178314
28002085	196	218	people living with HIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	220	225	PLHIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	231	244	not been well	T033	C3841798
28002085	245	255	elucidated	T052	C2986669
28002085	262	267	study	T062	C2603343
28002085	277	289	characterize	T052	C1880022
28002085	290	295	rates	T081	C1521828
28002085	300	310	predictors	T078	C2698872
28002085	314	320	injury	T037	C0178314
28002085	327	332	PLHIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	333	341	compared	T052	C1707455
28002085	349	367	general population	T098	C0683971
28002085	371	387	British Columbia	T083	C0006193
28002085	389	391	BC	T083	C0006193
28002085	394	400	Canada	T083	C0006823
28002085	404	414	population	T081	C0032659
28002085	417	422	based	T169	C1527178
28002085	423	430	dataset	T170	C0150098
28002085	435	442	created	T080	C1707531
28002085	447	454	linkage	T062	C0242239
28002085	455	462	between	T082	C0205103
28002085	467	503	BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS	T093	C1708333
28002085	508	524	PopulationDataBC	T078	C1511726
28002085	526	531	PLHIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	532	536	aged	T032	C0001779
28002085	537	545	20 years	T079	C0439234
28002085	550	555	older	T079	C0580836
28002085	561	569	compared	T052	C1707455
28002085	575	581	random	T080	C0439605
28002085	586	592	sample	T167	C0370003
28002085	600	605	adult	T100	C0001675
28002085	606	624	general population	T098	C0683971
28002085	630	643	International	T078	C1512888
28002085	644	658	Classification	T185	C0008902
28002085	662	670	Diseases	T047	C0012634
28002085	691	695	used	T169	C1524063
28002085	699	707	classify	T185	C0008902
28002085	708	721	unintentional	T037	C0151736
28002085	726	746	intentional injuries	T037	C0151737
28002085	747	752	based	T169	C1527178
28002085	760	774	external cause	T033	C1407879
28002085	782	788	injury	T037	C0178314
28002085	808	839	Generalized estimating equation	T081,T170	C0026348
28002085	841	844	GEE	T081,T170	C0026348
28002085	846	871	Poisson regression models	T081	C0023962
28002085	884	892	estimate	T081	C0750572
28002085	897	903	effect	T080	C1280500
28002085	907	910	HIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	911	917	status	T080	C0449438
28002085	921	926	rates	T081	C1521828
28002085	930	943	unintentional	T037	C0151736
28002085	948	966	intentional injury	T037	C0151737
28002085	975	983	identify	T080	C0205396
28002085	984	994	correlates	T080	C1707520
28002085	998	1004	injury	T037	C0178314
28002085	1011	1016	PLHIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	1028	1042	incidence rate	T081	C1708485
28002085	1046	1066	unintentional injury	T037	C0151736
28002085	1082	1088	person	T098	C0027361
28002085	1091	1096	years	T079	C0439234
28002085	1102	1121	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28002085	1123	1125	CI	T081	C0009667
28002085	1146	1151	PLHIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	1166	1172	person	T098	C0027361
28002085	1175	1180	years	T079	C0439234
28002085	1186	1188	CI	T081	C0009667
28002085	1207	1225	general population	T098	C0683971
28002085	1233	1238	PLHIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	1250	1256	deaths	T033	C1306577
28002085	1262	1268	due to	T169	C0678226
28002085	1269	1275	injury	T037	C0178314
28002085	1277	1285	compared	T052	C1707455
28002085	1298	1304	deaths	T033	C1306577
28002085	1312	1330	general population	T098	C0683971
28002085	1344	1350	models	T081,T170	C0026348
28002085	1352	1357	PLHIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	1378	1384	report	T058	C0700287
28002085	1385	1398	unintentional	T037	C0151736
28002085	1400	1414	incidence rate	T081	C1708485
28002085	1415	1420	ratio	T081	C0456603
28002085	1431	1433	CI	T081	C0009667
28002085	1449	1467	intentional injury	T037	C0151737
28002085	1469	1483	incidence rate	T081	C1708485
28002085	1484	1489	ratio	T081	C0456603
28002085	1500	1502	CI	T081	C0009667
28002085	1514	1522	compared	T052	C1707455
28002085	1530	1548	general population	T098	C0683971
28002085	1553	1563	identified	T080	C0205396
28002085	1564	1572	elevated	T080	C3163633
28002085	1573	1578	rates	T081	C1521828
28002085	1582	1593	intentional	T037	C0151737
28002085	1598	1618	unintentional injury	T037	C0151736
28002085	1625	1630	PLHIV	T047	C0019693
28002085	1632	1640	Injuries	T037	C0178314
28002085	1645	1652	largely	T081	C0549177
28002085	1653	1664	preventable	T170	C1547273
28002085	1675	1683	targeted	T169	C1521840
28002085	1696	1702	needed	T080	C0027552
28002085	1706	1714	decrease	T081	C0547047
28002085	1719	1725	burden	T078	C2828008
28002085	1729	1735	injury	T037	C0178314
28002085	1738	1745	related	T080	C0439849
28002085	1746	1756	disability	T033	C0231170
28002085	1761	1766	death	T033	C1306577
28002085	1773	1778	PLHIV	T047	C0019693

28002428|t|Integrated Strategy Improves the Prediction Accuracy of miRNA in Large Dataset
28002428|a|MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides, which play critical roles in gene expression regulation. The biogenesis of miRNAs is largely determined by the sequence and structural features of their parental RNA molecules. Based on these features, multiple computational tools have been developed to predict if RNA transcripts contain miRNAs or not. Although being very successful, these predictors started to face multiple challenges in recent years. Many predictors were optimized using datasets of hundreds of miRNA samples. The sizes of these datasets are much smaller than the number of known miRNAs. Consequently, the prediction accuracy of these predictors in large dataset becomes unknown and needs to be re-tested. In addition, many predictors were optimized for either high sensitivity or high specificity. These optimization strategies may bring in serious limitations in applications. Moreover, to meet continuously raised expectations on these computational tools, improving the prediction accuracy becomes extremely important. In this study, a meta-predictor mirMeta was developed by integrating a set of non-linear transformations with meta-strategy. More specifically, the outputs of five individual predictors were first preprocessed using non-linear transformations, and then fed into an artificial neural network to make the meta-prediction. The prediction accuracy of meta-predictor was validated using both multi-fold cross-validation and independent dataset. The final accuracy of meta-predictor in newly-designed large dataset is improved by 7% to 93%. The meta-predictor is also proved to be less dependent on datasets, as well as has refined balance between sensitivity and specificity. This study has two folds of importance: First, it shows that the combination of non-linear transformations and artificial neural networks improves the prediction accuracy of individual predictors. Second, a new miRNA predictor with significantly improved prediction accuracy is developed for the community for identifying novel miRNAs and the complete set of miRNAs. Source code is available at: https://github.com/xueLab/mirMeta.
28002428	33	52	Prediction Accuracy	T080	C1514307
28002428	56	61	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28002428	71	78	Dataset	T170	C0150098
28002428	79	85	MiRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28002428	96	111	non-coding RNAs	T114	C0887909
28002428	124	135	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
28002428	166	192	gene expression regulation	T045	C0017263
28002428	212	218	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28002428	248	256	sequence	T059,T063	C0162803
28002428	299	312	RNA molecules	T167	C2324358
28002428	348	367	computational tools	T091	C1140695
28002428	402	417	RNA transcripts	T114,T123	C1136155
28002428	426	432	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28002428	479	489	predictors	T170	C0282574
28002428	548	558	predictors	T170	C0282574
28002428	580	588	datasets	T170	C0150098
28002428	604	617	miRNA samples	T114,T123	C1101610
28002428	638	646	datasets	T170	C0150098
28002428	689	695	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28002428	715	734	prediction accuracy	T080	C1514307
28002428	744	754	predictors	T170	C0282574
28002428	764	771	dataset	T170	C0150098
28002428	833	843	predictors	T170	C0282574
28002428	875	886	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28002428	895	906	specificity	T081	C0037791
28002428	959	970	limitations	T169	C0449295
28002428	1026	1038	expectations	T078	C0679138
28002428	1048	1067	computational tools	T091	C1140695
28002428	1083	1102	prediction accuracy	T080	C1514307
28002428	1149	1163	meta-predictor	T170	C0282574
28002428	1164	1171	mirMeta	T170	C0282574
28002428	1242	1255	meta-strategy	T062	C0920317
28002428	1307	1317	predictors	T170	C0282574
28002428	1348	1374	non-linear transformations	T062	C0871424
28002428	1397	1422	artificial neural network	T073,T170	C0009612
28002428	1435	1450	meta-prediction	T062	C4277638
28002428	1456	1475	prediction accuracy	T080	C1514307
28002428	1479	1493	meta-predictor	T170	C0282574
28002428	1530	1546	cross-validation	T062	C0681935
28002428	1563	1570	dataset	T170	C0150098
28002428	1594	1608	meta-predictor	T170	C0282574
28002428	1633	1640	dataset	T170	C0150098
28002428	1671	1685	meta-predictor	T170	C0282574
28002428	1725	1733	datasets	T170	C0150098
28002428	1774	1801	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
28002428	1883	1909	non-linear transformations	T062	C0871424
28002428	1914	1940	artificial neural networks	T073,T170	C0009612
28002428	1954	1973	prediction accuracy	T080	C1514307
28002428	1988	1998	predictors	T170	C0282574
28002428	2014	2019	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28002428	2020	2029	predictor	T170	C0282574
28002428	2058	2077	prediction accuracy	T080	C1514307
28002428	2131	2137	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28002428	2162	2168	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610

28002493|t|About the Sterilization of Chitosan Hydrogel Nanoparticles
28002493|a|In the last years, nanostructured biomaterials have raised a great interest as platforms for delivery of drugs, genes, imaging agents and for tissue engineering applications. In particular, hydrogel nanoparticles (HNP) associate the distinctive features of hydrogels (high water uptake capacity, biocompatibility) with the advantages of being possible to tailor its physicochemical properties at nano-scale to increase solubility, immunocompatibility and cellular uptake. In order to be safe, HNP for biomedical applications, such as injectable or ophthalmic formulations, must be sterile. Literature is very scarce with respect to sterilization effects on nanostructured systems, and even more in what concerns HNP. This work aims to evaluate the effect and effectiveness of different sterilization methods on chitosan (CS) hydrogel nanoparticles. In addition to conventional methods (steam autoclave and gamma irradiation), a recent ozone-based method of sterilization was also tested. A model chitosan - tripolyphosphate (TPP) hydrogel nanoparticles (CS - HNP), with a broad spectrum of possible applications was produced and sterilized in the absence and in the presence of protective sugars (glucose and mannitol). Properties like size, zeta potential, absorbance, morphology, chemical structure and cytotoxicity were evaluated. It was found that the CS - HNP degrade by autoclaving and that sugars have no protective effect. Concerning gamma irradiation, the formation of agglomerates was observed, compromising the suspension stability. However, the nanoparticles resistance increases considerably in the presence of the sugars. Ozone sterilization did not lead to significant physical adverse effects, however, slight toxicity signs were observed, contrarily to gamma irradiation where no detectable changes on cells were found. Ozonation in the presence of sugars avoided cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, some chemical alterations were observed in the nanoparticles.
28002493	10	23	Sterilization	T061	C0038280
28002493	27	35	Chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28002493	36	58	Hydrogel Nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28002493	78	105	nanostructured biomaterials	T073	C1450053
28002493	152	169	delivery of drugs	T074	C0085104
28002493	171	176	genes	T063	C0920677
28002493	178	192	imaging agents	T074	C0025080
28002493	201	219	tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
28002493	220	232	applications	T169	C0205245
28002493	249	271	hydrogel nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28002493	273	276	HNP	T073	C1450054
28002493	278	287	associate	T078	C0750490
28002493	304	312	features	T080	C2348519
28002493	316	325	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
28002493	327	331	high	T080	C0205250
28002493	332	337	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28002493	338	344	uptake	T039	C0243144
28002493	345	353	capacity	T081	C1516240
28002493	355	371	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28002493	402	410	possible	T033	C0332149
28002493	425	451	physicochemical properties	T070	C2350461
28002493	455	465	nano-scale	T082	C1254362
28002493	469	477	increase	T081	C0205217
28002493	478	488	solubility	T080	C0037628
28002493	490	509	immunocompatibility	T080	C0019627
28002493	514	529	cellular uptake	T043	C0007613
28002493	552	555	HNP	T073	C1450054
28002493	560	583	biomedical applications	T062	C0005540
28002493	593	603	injectable	T121	C0086466
28002493	607	617	ophthalmic	T023	C0015392
28002493	618	630	formulations	T062	C0524527
28002493	640	647	sterile	T080	C0232920
28002493	649	659	Literature	T170	C0023866
28002493	691	704	sterilization	T061	C0038280
28002493	705	712	effects	T080	C1280500
28002493	716	738	nanostructured systems	T073	C1450053
28002493	771	774	HNP	T073	C1450054
28002493	786	790	aims	T078	C1947946
28002493	794	802	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28002493	807	813	effect	T080	C1280500
28002493	818	831	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28002493	835	844	different	T080	C1705242
28002493	845	858	sterilization	T061	C0038280
28002493	859	866	methods	T170	C0025663
28002493	870	878	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28002493	880	882	CS	T109,T121	C0162969
28002493	884	906	hydrogel nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28002493	923	935	conventional	T080	C0439858
28002493	936	943	methods	T170	C0025663
28002493	945	960	steam autoclave	T074	C0183552
28002493	965	982	gamma irradiation	T061	C2985557
28002493	994	1005	ozone-based	T103	C0030106
28002493	1006	1012	method	T170	C0025663
28002493	1016	1029	sterilization	T061	C0038280
28002493	1049	1054	model	T075	C0026336
28002493	1055	1063	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28002493	1066	1082	tripolyphosphate	T197	C0146894
28002493	1084	1087	TPP	T197	C0146894
28002493	1089	1111	hydrogel nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28002493	1113	1115	CS	T109,T121	C0162969
28002493	1118	1121	HNP	T073	C1450054
28002493	1131	1145	broad spectrum	T080	C0205556
28002493	1149	1157	possible	T033	C0332149
28002493	1158	1170	applications	T169	C0205245
28002493	1188	1198	sterilized	T061	C0038280
28002493	1206	1213	absence	T169	C0332197
28002493	1225	1233	presence	T080	C3854307
28002493	1237	1254	protective sugars	T121	C0033613
28002493	1256	1263	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28002493	1268	1276	mannitol	T109,T121	C0024730
28002493	1295	1299	size	T082	C0456389
28002493	1301	1315	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
28002493	1317	1327	absorbance	T201	C1268822
28002493	1329	1339	morphology	T080	C0332437
28002493	1341	1359	chemical structure	T170	C0220807
28002493	1364	1376	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28002493	1382	1391	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28002493	1415	1417	CS	T109,T121	C0162969
28002493	1420	1423	HNP	T073	C1450054
28002493	1424	1431	degrade	T169	C0243125
28002493	1435	1446	autoclaving	T169	C0205245
28002493	1456	1462	sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
28002493	1471	1488	protective effect	UnknownType	C0678771
28002493	1501	1518	gamma irradiation	T061	C2985557
28002493	1524	1533	formation	T169	C1522492
28002493	1537	1549	agglomerates	T167	C0439861
28002493	1554	1562	observed	T169	C1441672
28002493	1581	1591	suspension	T122	C0038960
28002493	1592	1601	stability	T080	C2347098
28002493	1616	1629	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28002493	1630	1640	resistance	T169	C4281815
28002493	1641	1650	increases	T081	C0205217
28002493	1671	1679	presence	T080	C3854307
28002493	1687	1693	sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
28002493	1695	1714	Ozone sterilization	T052	C3640178
28002493	1731	1742	significant	T078	C0750502
28002493	1743	1751	physical	T169	C0205485
28002493	1752	1767	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28002493	1785	1793	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28002493	1794	1799	signs	T169	C0220912
28002493	1805	1813	observed	T169	C1441672
28002493	1829	1846	gamma irradiation	T061	C2985557
28002493	1856	1866	detectable	T201	C3830527
28002493	1878	1883	cells	T025	C0007634
28002493	1896	1905	Ozonation	T052	C3640178
28002493	1913	1921	presence	T080	C3854307
28002493	1925	1931	sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
28002493	1940	1952	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28002493	1973	1981	chemical	T080	C0205556
28002493	1982	1993	alterations	T078	C1515926
28002493	1999	2007	observed	T169	C1441672
28002493	2015	2028	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054

28002643|t|Clinical and therapeutic implications of BRAF mutation heterogeneity in metastatic melanoma
28002643|a|Heterogeneity of BRAF mutation in melanoma has been a controversial subject. Quantitative data on BRAF allele frequency (AF) are sparse, and the potential relationship with response to BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) in patients with metastatic melanoma is unknown. We quantitatively measured BRAF AF in a cohort of treatment naïve metastatic melanoma samples by pyrosequencing and correlated with survival data in patients treated with BRAFi as part of their clinical care. Fifty-two samples from 50 patients were analysed. BRAF V600E mutations were detected in 71.1% of samples followed by V600K (25%) and V600R (3.9%). There was a wide range of AF from 3.9% to 80.3% (median 41.3%). In 33 patients treated with BRAFi, there was no difference in overall or progression-free survival when the patients were categorized into high or low AF groups. There was no correlation between AF and degree of response, and no difference in survival based on genotype.
28002643	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28002643	13	24	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28002643	25	37	implications	T078	C3146298
28002643	41	54	BRAF mutation	T049	C1511021
28002643	55	68	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28002643	72	91	metastatic melanoma	T191	C0278883
28002643	92	105	Heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28002643	109	122	BRAF mutation	T049	C1511021
28002643	126	134	melanoma	T191	C0278883
28002643	146	167	controversial subject	T078	C1706203
28002643	169	181	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28002643	182	186	data	T078	C1511726
28002643	190	194	BRAF	T028	C0812241
28002643	195	211	allele frequency	T081	C0017270
28002643	213	215	AF	T081	C0017270
28002643	237	246	potential	T080	C3245505
28002643	247	259	relationship	T080	C0439849
28002643	265	273	response	T032	C0871261
28002643	277	292	BRAF inhibitors	T116,T121	C3838813
28002643	294	299	BRAFi	T116,T121	C3838813
28002643	304	312	patients	T101	C0030705
28002643	318	337	metastatic melanoma	T191	C0278883
28002643	353	367	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
28002643	368	376	measured	T080	C0444706
28002643	377	381	BRAF	T028	C0812241
28002643	382	384	AF	T081	C0017270
28002643	390	396	cohort	T098	C0599755
28002643	400	409	treatment	T169	C0039798
28002643	410	435	naïve metastatic melanoma	T191	C0278883
28002643	436	443	samples	T167	C0370003
28002643	447	461	pyrosequencing	T059	C2732543
28002643	466	476	correlated	T080	C1707520
28002643	482	490	survival	T169	C0220921
28002643	491	495	data	T078	C1511726
28002643	499	507	patients	T101	C0030705
28002643	508	515	treated	T061	C0087111
28002643	521	526	BRAFi	T116,T121	C3838813
28002643	544	552	clinical	T080	C0205210
28002643	553	557	care	T058	C0086388
28002643	569	576	samples	T167	C0370003
28002643	585	593	patients	T101	C0030705
28002643	599	607	analysed	T062	C0936012
28002643	609	643	BRAF V600E mutations were detected	T034	C2698302
28002643	656	663	samples	T167	C0370003
28002643	676	681	V600K	T034	C2985121
28002643	692	697	V600R	T034	C0456984
28002643	732	734	AF	T081	C0017270
28002643	755	761	median	T082	C2939193
28002643	776	784	patients	T101	C0030705
28002643	785	792	treated	T061	C0087111
28002643	798	803	BRAFi	T116,T121	C3838813
28002643	815	828	no difference	T033	C3842396
28002643	832	839	overall	T081	C4086681
28002643	843	868	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
28002643	878	886	patients	T101	C0030705
28002643	892	903	categorized	T052	C0871968
28002643	909	913	high	T080	C0205250
28002643	917	920	low	T080	C0205251
28002643	921	923	AF	T081	C0017270
28002643	924	930	groups	T078	C0441833
28002643	945	956	correlation	T080	C1707520
28002643	965	967	AF	T081	C0017270
28002643	972	978	degree	T080	C0441889
28002643	982	990	response	T032	C0871261
28002643	996	1009	no difference	T033	C3842396
28002643	1013	1021	survival	T169	C0220921
28002643	1031	1039	genotype	T032	C0017431

28002691|t|The Silorane-based Resin Composites: A Review
28002691|a|This article aims to review the research done on the silorane-based resin composites (SBRC) regarding polymerization shrinkage and contraction stresses and their ability to improve the shortcomings of the methacrylate-based resin composites (MRBC). Special attention is given to their physical and mechanical properties, bond strength, marginal adaptation, and cusp deflection. The clinical significance of this material is critically appraised with a focus on the ability of SBRC to strengthen the tooth structure as a direct restorative material. A search of English peer-reviewed dental literature (2003-2015) from PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted with the terms " low shrinkage " and " silorane composites ." The list was screened, and 70 articles that were relevant to the objectives of this work were included.
28002691	4	35	Silorane-based Resin Composites	T122	C3489777
28002691	39	45	Review	T170	C0282443
28002691	51	58	article	T170	C1706852
28002691	67	73	review	T170	C0282443
28002691	78	86	research	T062	C0035168
28002691	99	130	silorane-based resin composites	T122	C3489777
28002691	132	136	SBRC	T122	C3489777
28002691	148	162	polymerization	T067	C0314672
28002691	163	172	shrinkage	T169	C0332513
28002691	177	197	contraction stresses	T070	C0038442
28002691	251	286	methacrylate-based resin composites	T122	C0009570
28002691	288	292	MRBC	T122	C0009570
28002691	331	339	physical	T070	C0597237
28002691	344	365	mechanical properties	T070	C2350455
28002691	367	380	bond strength	T081	C0678599
28002691	382	401	marginal adaptation	T061	C0242981
28002691	407	422	cusp deflection	T070	C2350455
28002691	428	449	clinical significance	T033	C2826293
28002691	458	466	material	T167	C0520510
28002691	522	526	SBRC	T122	C3489777
28002691	545	560	tooth structure	T023	C0040426
28002691	566	593	direct restorative material	T074	C3503982
28002691	607	614	English	T171	C0376245
28002691	615	646	peer-reviewed dental literature	T170	C0282441
28002691	664	670	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28002691	675	682	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28002691	683	692	databases	T170	C0242356
28002691	724	727	low	T080	C0205251
28002691	728	737	shrinkage	T169	C0332513
28002691	746	765	silorane composites	T122	C3489777
28002691	799	807	articles	T170	C1706852
28002691	834	844	objectives	T170	C0018017

28002695|t|Clinical Effectiveness of Different Polishing Systems and Self-Etch Adhesives in Class V Composite Resin Restorations: Two- Year Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
28002695|a|The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to compare the clinical effectiveness of different polishing systems and self-etch adhesives in class V composite resin restorations. A total of 164 noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) from 35 patients were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups, each of which used a combination of polishing systems and adhesives. The two polishing systems used were Sof-Lex XT (Sof), a multistep abrasive disc, and Enhance/Pogo (EP), a simplified abrasive-impregnated rubber instrument. The adhesive systems were Clearfil SE bond (CS), a two-step self-etch adhesive, and Xeno V (XE), a one-step self-etch adhesive. All NCCLs were restored with light-cured microhybrid resin composites (Z250). Restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months by two blinded independent examiners using modified FDI criteria. The Fisher exact test and generalized estimating equation analysis considering repeated measurements were performed to compare the outcomes between the polishing systems and adhesives. Three restorations were dislodged: two in CS / Sof and one in CS / EP. None of the restorations required any repair or retreatment except those showing retention loss. Sof was superior to EP with regard to surface luster, staining, and marginal adaptation (p<0.05). CS and XE did not show differences in any criteria (p>0.05). Sof is clinically superior to EP for polishing performance in class V composite resin restoration. XE demonstrates clinically equivalent bonding performance to CS.
28002695	0	22	Clinical Effectiveness	T080	C3850123
28002695	26	35	Different	T080	C1705242
28002695	36	53	Polishing Systems	T122	C0011379
28002695	58	77	Self-Etch Adhesives	T073	C0001516
28002695	81	88	Class V	T185	C0008902
28002695	89	117	Composite Resin Restorations	T061	C0204256
28002695	124	128	Year	T079	C0439234
28002695	129	165	Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial	T062	C0206035
28002695	170	173	aim	T078	C1947946
28002695	182	218	randomized controlled clinical trial	T062	C0206035
28002695	226	233	compare	T052	C1707455
28002695	238	260	clinical effectiveness	T080	C3850123
28002695	264	273	different	T080	C1705242
28002695	274	291	polishing systems	T122	C0011379
28002695	296	315	self-etch adhesives	T073	C0001516
28002695	319	326	class V	T185	C0008902
28002695	327	355	composite resin restorations	T061	C0204256
28002695	372	399	noncarious cervical lesions	T046	C0235656
28002695	401	406	NCCLs	T046	C0235656
28002695	416	424	patients	T101	C0030705
28002695	430	438	randomly	T080	C0439605
28002695	464	476	experimental	T062	C0681814
28002695	477	483	groups	T078	C0441833
28002695	506	517	combination	T080	C0205195
28002695	521	538	polishing systems	T122	C0011379
28002695	543	552	adhesives	T073	C0001516
28002695	562	579	polishing systems	T122	C0011379
28002695	590	600	Sof-Lex XT	T122	C0011379
28002695	602	605	Sof	T122	C0011379
28002695	610	633	multistep abrasive disc	T122	C0011379
28002695	639	651	Enhance/Pogo	T122	C0011379
28002695	653	655	EP	T122	C0011379
28002695	660	709	simplified abrasive-impregnated rubber instrument	T122	C0011379
28002695	715	731	adhesive systems	T073	C0001516
28002695	737	753	Clearfil SE bond	T122	C1098526
28002695	755	757	CS	T122	C1098526
28002695	771	789	self-etch adhesive	T073	C0001516
28002695	795	801	Xeno V	T122	C3501750
28002695	803	805	XE	T122	C3501750
28002695	810	837	one-step self-etch adhesive	T073	C0001516
28002695	843	848	NCCLs	T046	C0235656
28002695	868	908	light-cured microhybrid resin composites	T074	C3881650
28002695	910	914	Z250	T074	C3881650
28002695	917	929	Restorations	T061	C0204229
28002695	935	944	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28002695	948	956	baseline	T081	C1442488
28002695	982	988	months	T079	C0439231
28002695	996	1003	blinded	T062	C0150108
28002695	1004	1025	independent examiners	T097	C0025082
28002695	1032	1040	modified	T169	C0392747
28002695	1041	1053	FDI criteria	T078	C0243161
28002695	1059	1076	Fisher exact test	T170	C1708064
28002695	1081	1121	generalized estimating equation analysis	T062	C0936012
28002695	1122	1133	considering	T078	C0750591
28002695	1134	1142	repeated	T169	C0205341
28002695	1143	1155	measurements	T169	C0242485
28002695	1161	1170	performed	T169	C0884358
28002695	1174	1181	compare	T052	C1707455
28002695	1186	1194	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28002695	1207	1224	polishing systems	T122	C0011379
28002695	1229	1238	adhesives	T073	C0001516
28002695	1246	1258	restorations	T061	C0204229
28002695	1264	1273	dislodged	T080	C0849355
28002695	1282	1284	CS	T122	C1098526
28002695	1287	1290	Sof	T122	C0011379
28002695	1302	1304	CS	T122	C1098526
28002695	1307	1309	EP	T122	C0011379
28002695	1323	1335	restorations	T061	C0204229
28002695	1349	1355	repair	T058	C1705181
28002695	1359	1370	retreatment	T058	C1705181
28002695	1392	1401	retention	T201	C1318143
28002695	1402	1406	loss	T081	C1517945
28002695	1408	1411	Sof	T122	C0011379
28002695	1428	1430	EP	T122	C0011379
28002695	1462	1470	staining	T033	C0040434
28002695	1476	1495	marginal adaptation	T061	C0242981
28002695	1506	1508	CS	T122	C1098526
28002695	1513	1515	XE	T122	C3501750
28002695	1529	1540	differences	T080	C1705242
28002695	1548	1556	criteria	T078	C0243161
28002695	1567	1570	Sof	T122	C0011379
28002695	1574	1584	clinically	T080	C0205210
28002695	1597	1599	EP	T122	C0011379
28002695	1604	1613	polishing	T061	C0011391
28002695	1614	1625	performance	T052	C1882330
28002695	1629	1636	class V	T185	C0008902
28002695	1637	1664	composite resin restoration	T061	C0204256
28002695	1666	1668	XE	T122	C3501750
28002695	1682	1692	clinically	T080	C0205210
28002695	1693	1703	equivalent	T080	C0205163
28002695	1704	1711	bonding	T061	C0005926
28002695	1712	1723	performance	T052	C1882330
28002695	1727	1729	CS	T122	C1098526

28002976|t|Exposure to organophosphate (OP) pesticides and health conditions in agricultural and non-agricultural workers from Maule, Chile
28002976|a|The objective was to evaluate the characteristics of exposure to OP pesticides and health status in Chilean farm workers from the Maule Region. An occupational health questionnaire was administered in 207 agricultural and non-agricultural workers. For the group of agricultural workers, we asked about specific occupational exposure history and symptoms of OP pesticide poisoning. The main health problem of the exposed group was previous OP pesticide poisoning (p < 0.001). Fifty-six percent of agricultural workers reported symptoms consistent with acute OP pesticide poisoning. The use of respiratory personal protective equipment and younger age were protective against these symptoms, and number of years of OP pesticide exposure was positively associated with reporting symptoms of poisoning. Of the pesticide applicators 47 % reported using chlorpyrifos. The regulations regarding use and application of pesticides should be strengthened, as should training and intervention with workers to improve the use of personal protective equipment.
28002976	0	11	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
28002976	12	43	organophosphate (OP) pesticides	T109,T131	C0360429
28002976	48	65	health conditions	T033	C2707292
28002976	69	81	agricultural	T090	C4048190
28002976	86	110	non-agricultural workers	T090	C1306056
28002976	116	121	Maule	UnknownType	C0681784
28002976	123	128	Chile	T083	C0008107
28002976	163	178	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28002976	182	193	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28002976	194	207	OP pesticides	T109,T131	C0360429
28002976	212	225	health status	T080	C0018759
28002976	229	236	Chilean	T098	C0239045
28002976	237	249	farm workers	T097	C0335421
28002976	259	271	Maule Region	UnknownType	C0681784
28002976	276	309	occupational health questionnaire	T170	C0451208
28002976	334	346	agricultural	T090	C4048190
28002976	351	375	non-agricultural workers	T090	C1306056
28002976	385	390	group	T078	C0441833
28002976	394	414	agricultural workers	T090	C4048190
28002976	440	469	occupational exposure history	T033	C0489537
28002976	474	482	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28002976	486	498	OP pesticide	T109,T131	C0360429
28002976	499	508	poisoning	T037	C0032343
28002976	519	533	health problem	T033	C1398682
28002976	541	554	exposed group	T098	C2348484
28002976	568	580	OP pesticide	T109,T131	C0360429
28002976	581	590	poisoning	T037	C0032343
28002976	625	645	agricultural workers	T090	C4048190
28002976	655	663	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28002976	664	679	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28002976	680	685	acute	T079	C0205178
28002976	686	698	OP pesticide	T109,T131	C0360429
28002976	699	708	poisoning	T037	C0032343
28002976	714	720	use of	T169	C1524063
28002976	721	732	respiratory	T169	C0521346
28002976	733	762	personal protective equipment	T073	C1443871
28002976	767	774	younger	T079	C0332239
28002976	775	778	age	T032	C0001779
28002976	809	817	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28002976	833	838	years	T079	C0439234
28002976	842	854	OP pesticide	T109,T131	C0360429
28002976	855	863	exposure	T080	C0332157
28002976	868	878	positively	T033	C1446409
28002976	879	894	associated with	T080	C0332281
28002976	905	913	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28002976	917	926	poisoning	T037	C0032343
28002976	935	956	pesticide applicators	UnknownType	C0260117
28002976	977	989	chlorpyrifos	T109,T131	C0013328
28002976	995	1006	regulations	T064	C0851285
28002976	1025	1036	application	T169	C4048755
28002976	1040	1050	pesticides	T131	C0031253
28002976	1085	1093	training	T065	C0220931
28002976	1098	1110	intervention	T058	C1273869
28002976	1116	1123	workers	T098	C1527116
28002976	1139	1145	use of	T169	C1524063
28002976	1146	1175	personal protective equipment	T073	C1443871

28003168|t|Endoscopic endonasal surgery for remission of Cushing's Disease caused by ectopic intracavernous macroadenoma: case report and literature review
28003168|a|Complete surgical resection of an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma is the gold standard of treatment of Cushing's Disease. Ectopic location of these adenomas is an extremely rare condition that may compromise the diagnosis and surgical success. We present the first case of an ectopic intracavernous ACTH-secreting macroadenoma totally resected with endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES). A 36 year old female presented with Cushing syndrome. Increased ACTH, serum cortisol and free urine cortisol levels were identified, however the pituitary MRI failed to reveal a pituitary tumor; instead, a parasellar lesion in the left cavernous sinus (CS) was noticed. Inferior petrosal sinus sampling demonstrated a significant central -to- peripheral and lateralized left-sided ACTH gradient. The patient underwent EES. No tumor was found in the sella, however, the left CS was widely explored and a tumor was found lateral to the paraclival segment of the carotid artery. There were no complications following EES. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of an ACTH-secreting adenoma. During the immediately postoperative course serum cortisol levels dropped below 5 mcg/dl. Postoperative MRI demonstrated complete tumor resection. At 20 months follow-up, the patient remains in clinical and biochemical remission of Cushing's Disease. Only 12 cases of ectopic intracavernous ACTH-secreting adenomas have been reported to date and all were microadenomas. The presence of an ectopic ACTH-secreting macroadenoma in the CS represents a surgical challenge. EES is the ideal approach for complete resection of ectopic intracavernous adenomas allowing for a wide exploration of the CS with no surgical complications.
28003168	0	10	Endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28003168	11	20	endonasal	T029	C0225425
28003168	21	28	surgery	T061	C0543467
28003168	33	42	remission	T033	C0544452
28003168	46	63	Cushing's Disease	T047	C0010481
28003168	74	81	ectopic	T082	C0574895
28003168	82	96	intracavernous	T169	C1512919
28003168	97	109	macroadenoma	T191	C0344453
28003168	111	122	case report	T170	C0085973
28003168	127	144	literature review	T170	C0282441
28003168	154	172	surgical resection	T061	C0015252
28003168	179	211	ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma	T191	C1306214
28003168	219	232	gold standard	T080	C0150110
28003168	236	245	treatment	T061	C0087111
28003168	249	266	Cushing's Disease	T047	C0010481
28003168	268	275	Ectopic	T082	C0574895
28003168	276	284	location	T082	C0450429
28003168	294	302	adenomas	T191	C0001430
28003168	319	323	rare	T080	C0522498
28003168	358	367	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28003168	372	380	surgical	T061	C0543467
28003168	381	388	success	T054	C0597535
28003168	422	429	ectopic	T082	C0574895
28003168	430	444	intracavernous	T169	C1512919
28003168	445	472	ACTH-secreting macroadenoma	T191	C1306214
28003168	495	505	endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28003168	506	515	endonasal	T029	C0225425
28003168	516	523	surgery	T061	C0543467
28003168	525	528	EES	T061	C0396138
28003168	545	551	female	T032	C0086287
28003168	567	583	Cushing syndrome	T047	C0010481
28003168	585	594	Increased	T081	C0205217
28003168	595	599	ACTH	T116,T121,T125	C0001655
28003168	601	615	serum cortisol	T109,T125	C0729349
28003168	620	639	free urine cortisol	T109,T125	C1985941
28003168	640	646	levels	T080	C0441889
28003168	676	689	pituitary MRI	T060	C0412679
28003168	709	724	pituitary tumor	T191	C0032019
28003168	737	754	parasellar lesion	T033	C0221198
28003168	767	782	cavernous sinus	T030	C0007473
28003168	784	786	CS	T030	C0007473
28003168	801	833	Inferior petrosal sinus sampling	T060	C0206084
28003168	861	868	central	T082	C0205099
28003168	874	884	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28003168	912	916	ACTH	T116,T121,T125	C0001655
28003168	931	938	patient	T101	C0030705
28003168	949	952	EES	T061	C0396138
28003168	954	962	No tumor	T033	C0243095
28003168	980	985	sella	T023	C0036609
28003168	1005	1007	CS	T030	C0007473
28003168	1034	1039	tumor	T191	C0027651
28003168	1050	1057	lateral	T082	C0205093
28003168	1091	1105	carotid artery	T023	C0007272
28003168	1118	1120	no	T033	C1513916
28003168	1121	1134	complications	T046	C0009566
28003168	1145	1148	EES	T061	C0396138
28003168	1150	1159	Pathology	T091	C0030664
28003168	1174	1183	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28003168	1190	1212	ACTH-secreting adenoma	T191	C1306214
28003168	1237	1250	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28003168	1258	1272	serum cortisol	T109,T125	C0729349
28003168	1273	1279	levels	T080	C0441889
28003168	1304	1317	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
28003168	1318	1321	MRI	T060	C0024485
28003168	1344	1359	tumor resection	T061	C0015252
28003168	1374	1383	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28003168	1389	1396	patient	T101	C0030705
28003168	1408	1416	clinical	T080	C0205210
28003168	1421	1432	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28003168	1433	1442	remission	T033	C0544452
28003168	1446	1463	Cushing's Disease	T047	C0010481
28003168	1482	1489	ectopic	T082	C0574895
28003168	1490	1504	intracavernous	T169	C1512919
28003168	1505	1528	ACTH-secreting adenomas	T191	C1306214
28003168	1569	1582	microadenomas	T191	C0346306
28003168	1603	1610	ectopic	T082	C0574895
28003168	1611	1638	ACTH-secreting macroadenoma	T191	C1306214
28003168	1646	1648	CS	T030	C0007473
28003168	1662	1670	surgical	T061	C0543467
28003168	1682	1685	EES	T061	C0396138
28003168	1721	1730	resection	T061	C0015252
28003168	1734	1741	ectopic	T082	C0574895
28003168	1742	1756	intracavernous	T169	C1512919
28003168	1757	1765	adenomas	T191	C0001430
28003168	1786	1797	exploration	T061	C1280903
28003168	1805	1807	CS	T030	C0007473
28003168	1813	1815	no	T033	C1513916
28003168	1816	1824	surgical	T061	C0543467
28003168	1825	1838	complications	T046	C0009566

28003464|t|Nat1 promotes translation of specific proteins that induce differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells
28003464|a|Novel APOBEC1 target 1 (Nat1) (also known as " p97 ," " Dap5 ," and " Eif4g2 ") is a ubiquitously expressed cytoplasmic protein that is homologous to the C-terminal two thirds of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (Eif4g1). We previously showed that Nat1 - null mouse embryonic stem cells (mES cells) are resistant to differentiation. In the current study, we found that NAT1 and eIF4G1 share many binding proteins, such as the eukaryotic translation initiation factors eIF3 and eIF4A and ribosomal proteins. However, NAT1 did not bind to eIF4E or poly(A)-binding proteins, which are critical for cap-dependent translation initiation. In contrast, compared with eIF4G1, NAT1 preferentially interacted with eIF2, fragile X mental retardation proteins (FMR), and related proteins and especially with members of the proline-rich and coiled-coil-containing protein 2 (PRRC2) family. We also found that Nat1 - null mES cells possess a transcriptional profile similar, although not identical, to the ground state, which is established in wild-type mES cells when treated with inhibitors of the ERK and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) signaling pathways. In Nat1 - null mES cells, the ERK pathway is suppressed even without inhibitors. Ribosome profiling revealed that translation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 (Map3k3) and son of sevenless homolog 1 (Sos1) is suppressed in the absence of Nat1 Forced expression of Map3k3 induced differentiation of Nat1 - null mES cells. These data collectively show that Nat1 is involved in the translation of proteins that are required for cell differentiation.
28003464	0	4	Nat1	T116,T126	C1527469
28003464	5	13	promotes	T052	C0033414
28003464	14	25	translation	T045	C1519614
28003464	38	46	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28003464	52	58	induce	T169	C0205263
28003464	59	74	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28003464	78	104	mouse embryonic stem cells	T025	C4042879
28003464	105	110	Novel	T080	C0205314
28003464	111	127	APOBEC1 target 1	T116,T126	C4308137
28003464	129	133	Nat1	T116,T126	C1527469
28003464	152	155	p97	T116,T126	C0246486
28003464	161	165	Dap5	T116,T123	C1452460
28003464	175	181	Eif4g2	T116,T123	C1452460
28003464	203	212	expressed	T045	C1171362
28003464	213	232	cytoplasmic protein	T116,T123	C1333198
28003464	241	251	homologous	T080	C2697616
28003464	259	269	C-terminal	T087	C1707271
28003464	284	327	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G	T116,T123	C1505487
28003464	329	335	Eif4g1	T116,T123	C1505487
28003464	364	368	Nat1	T028	C1417602
28003464	371	402	null mouse embryonic stem cells	T025	C4042879
28003464	404	413	mES cells	T025	C4042879
28003464	419	428	resistant	T169	C0332325
28003464	432	447	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28003464	464	469	study	T062	C2603343
28003464	485	489	NAT1	T116,T126	C1527469
28003464	494	500	eIF4G1	T116,T123	C1505487
28003464	512	528	binding proteins	T116,T123	C0242210
28003464	542	583	eukaryotic translation initiation factors	T116,T123	C1136317
28003464	584	588	eIF3	T116,T123	C0752615
28003464	593	598	eIF4A	T116,T123	C0058984
28003464	603	621	ribosomal proteins	T116,T123	C0035552
28003464	632	636	NAT1	T116,T126	C1527469
28003464	653	658	eIF4E	T116,T123	C4077502
28003464	662	686	poly(A)-binding proteins	T116,T123	C0071346
28003464	711	747	cap-dependent translation initiation	T045	C3268337
28003464	776	782	eIF4G1	T116,T123	C1505487
28003464	784	788	NAT1	T116,T126	C1527469
28003464	804	814	interacted	T169	C1704675
28003464	820	824	eIF2	T116,T123	C0013729
28003464	826	863	fragile X mental retardation proteins	T116,T123	C0118036
28003464	865	868	FMR	T116,T123	C0118036
28003464	883	891	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28003464	927	976	proline-rich and coiled-coil-containing protein 2	T116,T123	C0033684
28003464	978	983	PRRC2	T116,T123	C0033684
28003464	985	991	family	T116,T123	C1335532
28003464	1012	1016	Nat1	T028	C1417602
28003464	1019	1033	null mES cells	T025	C4042879
28003464	1044	1067	transcriptional profile	T045	C0040649
28003464	1090	1099	identical	T080	C0205280
28003464	1146	1155	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28003464	1156	1165	mES cells	T025	C4042879
28003464	1171	1178	treated	T169	C1522326
28003464	1184	1194	inhibitors	T121	C1519313
28003464	1202	1205	ERK	T044	C3179234
28003464	1210	1236	glycogen synthase kinase 3	T116,T126	C0244989
28003464	1238	1242	GSK3	T116,T126	C0244989
28003464	1244	1262	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
28003464	1267	1271	Nat1	T028	C1417602
28003464	1274	1288	null mES cells	T025	C4042879
28003464	1294	1305	ERK pathway	T044	C3179234
28003464	1309	1319	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28003464	1333	1343	inhibitors	T121	C1519313
28003464	1345	1353	Ribosome	T026	C0035553
28003464	1354	1363	profiling	T059	C1979963
28003464	1378	1389	translation	T045	C1519614
28003464	1393	1441	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3	T028	C1442513
28003464	1443	1449	Map3k3	T028	C1442513
28003464	1455	1481	son of sevenless homolog 1	T028	C1420314
28003464	1483	1487	Sos1	T028	C1420314
28003464	1492	1502	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28003464	1510	1517	absence	T169	C0332197
28003464	1521	1525	Nat1	T028	C1417602
28003464	1533	1543	expression	T045	C1171362
28003464	1547	1553	Map3k3	T028	C1442513
28003464	1554	1561	induced	T169	C0205263
28003464	1562	1577	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28003464	1581	1585	Nat1	T028	C1417602
28003464	1588	1602	null mES cells	T025	C4042879
28003464	1610	1614	data	T078	C1511726
28003464	1638	1642	Nat1	T028	C1417602
28003464	1662	1673	translation	T045	C1519614
28003464	1677	1685	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28003464	1708	1728	cell differentiation	T043	C0007589

28003476|t|Efficient DNA binding of NF-κB requires the chaperone -like function of NPM1
28003476|a|NPM1/nucleophosmin is frequently overexpressed in various tumors, although the oncogenic role of NPM1 remains unclear. Here we revealed the link between NPM1 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a master regulator of inflammation. We found that NPM1 knockdown decreased NF-κB -mediated transcription of selected target genes by decreasing the recruitment of NF-κB p65 to the gene promoters. NPM1 is directly associated with the DNA binding domain of p65 to enhance its DNA binding activity without being a part of the DNA - NF-κB complex. This result suggests that NF-κB requires the chaperone -like function of NPM1 for DNA binding. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NPM1 was required for efficient inflammatory gene expression induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide in fibroblasts and macrophages. The NF-κB - mediated invasion of breast cancer cells was significantly decreased by NPM1 knockdown. Our study suggests a novel mechanistic insight into the NF-κB -mediated transcription and an oncogenic role of NPM1 in both tumor cells and the tumor micro-environment through the regulation of NF-κB.
28003476	0	9	Efficient	T080	C0442799
28003476	10	21	DNA binding	T045	C1148673
28003476	25	30	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28003476	44	53	chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
28003476	72	76	NPM1	T028	C1334894
28003476	77	95	NPM1/nucleophosmin	T028	C1334894
28003476	110	123	overexpressed	T045	C0017262
28003476	135	141	tumors	T191	C0027651
28003476	156	165	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
28003476	174	178	NPM1	T028	C1334894
28003476	230	234	NPM1	T028	C1334894
28003476	239	256	nuclear factor-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28003476	258	263	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28003476	275	284	regulator	T077	C1704735
28003476	288	300	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28003476	316	320	NPM1	T028	C1334894
28003476	321	330	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28003476	331	340	decreased	T081	C0205216
28003476	341	346	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28003476	357	370	transcription	T045	C0040649
28003476	383	395	target genes	T028	C0017337
28003476	399	409	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28003476	414	425	recruitment	T052	C2949735
28003476	429	438	NF-κB p65	T116,T123	C0214222
28003476	446	460	gene promoters	T028	C0314621
28003476	462	466	NPM1	T028	C1334894
28003476	479	494	associated with	T080	C0332281
28003476	499	517	DNA binding domain	T087	C1511662
28003476	521	524	p65	T116,T123	C0214222
28003476	528	535	enhance	T052	C2349975
28003476	540	551	DNA binding	T045	C1148673
28003476	589	592	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28003476	595	600	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28003476	601	608	complex	T026	C2246376
28003476	636	641	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28003476	655	664	chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
28003476	683	687	NPM1	T028	C1334894
28003476	692	703	DNA binding	T045	C1148673
28003476	739	743	NPM1	T028	C1334894
28003476	761	770	efficient	T080	C0442799
28003476	771	783	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28003476	784	799	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28003476	800	807	induced	T169	C0205263
28003476	811	838	tumor necrosis factor alpha	T116,T129	C1456820
28003476	840	845	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28003476	851	869	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28003476	873	884	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
28003476	889	900	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28003476	906	911	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28003476	914	931	mediated invasion	T046	C2699153
28003476	935	954	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
28003476	973	982	decreased	T081	C0205216
28003476	986	990	NPM1	T028	C1334894
28003476	991	1000	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28003476	1023	1028	novel	T080	C0205314
28003476	1029	1048	mechanistic insight	T041	C0233820
28003476	1058	1063	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28003476	1074	1087	transcription	T045	C0040649
28003476	1095	1104	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
28003476	1113	1117	NPM1	T028	C1334894
28003476	1126	1137	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
28003476	1146	1169	tumor micro-environment	T070	C2936626
28003476	1182	1192	regulation	T043	C1157519
28003476	1196	1201	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904

28003511|t|Tobacco Consumption and Toxicant Exposure of Cigarette Smokers Using Electronic Cigarettes
28003511|a|There is considerable debate about the benefits and risks of electronic cigarettes (ECs). To better understand the risk-benefit ratio of ECs, more information is needed about net nicotine consumption and toxicant exposure of cigarette smokers switching to ECs. Forty cigarette smokers (>1 year of smoking) interested in switching to ECs but not necessarily quitting smoking were enrolled in a four- week observational study and provided an e-Go C non-variable battery and refillable atomizers and choice of 8 flavors in 12 or 24 mg nicotine dosage. Measurement of urinary cotinine (metabolite of nicotine), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL; a pulmonary carcinogen), and eight volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are toxic tobacco smoke constituents was conducted at baseline and Week -4. All participants with follow-up data (92.5%) reported using the study EC. Of the 40 smokers, 16 reported no cigarettes at Week -2 (40%) and 6 continued to report no cigarettes at Week -4 (15%). Change in nicotine intake over the 4- weeks was non-significant (p=0.90). Carbon monoxide (p<0.001), NNAL (p<0.01) and metabolites of benzene (p < 0.01) and acrylonitrile (p=0.001) were significantly decreased in the study sample. Smokers switching exclusively to ECs for at least half of the study period demonstrated significant reductions in HEMA (p>=0.03) and AAMA (p<0.01). Smokers using ECs over 4- weeks maintained cotinine levels and experienced significant reductions in carbon monoxide, NNAL, and two out of eight measured VOC metabolites. Those who switched exclusively to ECs for at least half of the study period significantly reduced two additional VOCs. This study extends current literature by measuring change in smoking dependence and disease-associated biomarkers, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and a panel of eight common volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are toxic tobacco smoke constituents in smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes. The findings support the idea of harm reduction, however some levels of toxicant exposure are still of clinical concern, particularly for dual users. Extrapolation of these results must be careful to separate the different toxic exposure results for exclusive switchers versus dual cigarette + EC users, and not to equate harm reduction with the idea that using ECs is harmless.
28003511	0	19	Tobacco Consumption	T055	C0543414
28003511	24	32	Toxicant	T131	C0599787
28003511	33	41	Exposure	T080	C0332157
28003511	45	54	Cigarette	T073	C0677453
28003511	55	62	Smokers	T033	C0337664
28003511	69	90	Electronic Cigarettes	T203	C3849993
28003511	113	119	debate	T052	C0870392
28003511	130	148	benefits and risks	T080	C0687742
28003511	152	173	electronic cigarettes	T203	C3849993
28003511	175	178	ECs	T203	C3849993
28003511	206	224	risk-benefit ratio	UnknownType	C0683155
28003511	228	231	ECs	T203	C3849993
28003511	238	249	information	T078	C1533716
28003511	270	278	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28003511	279	290	consumption	T169	C1512806
28003511	295	303	toxicant	T131	C0599787
28003511	304	312	exposure	T080	C0332157
28003511	316	325	cigarette	T073	C0677453
28003511	326	333	smokers	T033	C0337664
28003511	347	350	ECs	T203	C3849993
28003511	358	367	cigarette	T073	C0677453
28003511	368	375	smokers	T033	C0337664
28003511	380	384	year	T079	C0439234
28003511	388	395	smoking	T055	C0037369
28003511	397	407	interested	T041	C0543488
28003511	424	427	ECs	T203	C3849993
28003511	448	464	quitting smoking	T055	C0085134
28003511	490	494	week	T079	C0439230
28003511	495	514	observational study	T062	C1518527
28003511	531	558	e-Go C non-variable battery	T073	C3273359
28003511	563	583	refillable atomizers	T074	C0004185
28003511	600	607	flavors	T167	C0475332
28003511	623	631	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28003511	632	638	dosage	T081	C0178602
28003511	640	671	Measurement of urinary cotinine	T059	C1278256
28003511	673	683	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28003511	687	695	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28003511	698	743	4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol	T109,T131	C0389836
28003511	745	749	NNAL	T109,T131	C0389836
28003511	753	762	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
28003511	763	773	carcinogen	T131	C0007090
28003511	786	812	volatile organic compounds	T109	C2350439
28003511	814	818	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28003511	829	834	toxic	T080	C1407029
28003511	835	842	tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
28003511	843	848	smoke	T131	C0037366
28003511	849	861	constituents	T167	C0729650
28003511	892	896	Week	T079	C0439230
28003511	905	917	participants	T098	C0679646
28003511	923	932	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28003511	933	937	data	T078	C1511726
28003511	965	970	study	T062	C2603343
28003511	971	973	EC	T203	C3849993
28003511	985	992	smokers	T033	C0337664
28003511	1009	1019	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28003511	1023	1027	Week	T079	C0439230
28003511	1066	1076	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28003511	1080	1084	Week	T079	C0439230
28003511	1105	1113	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28003511	1114	1120	intake	T169	C1512806
28003511	1133	1138	weeks	T079	C0439230
28003511	1169	1184	Carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
28003511	1196	1200	NNAL	T109,T131	C0389836
28003511	1214	1225	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28003511	1229	1236	benzene	T109,T131	C0005036
28003511	1252	1265	acrylonitrile	T109,T131	C0001223
28003511	1281	1294	significantly	T078	C0750502
28003511	1295	1304	decreased	T081	C0205216
28003511	1312	1317	study	T062	C2603343
28003511	1326	1333	Smokers	T033	C0337664
28003511	1359	1362	ECs	T203	C3849993
28003511	1388	1393	study	T062	C2603343
28003511	1394	1400	period	T079	C1948053
28003511	1414	1425	significant	T078	C0750502
28003511	1426	1436	reductions	T080	C0392756
28003511	1440	1444	HEMA	T131	C1254354
28003511	1459	1463	AAMA	T131	C1254354
28003511	1474	1481	Smokers	T033	C0337664
28003511	1488	1491	ECs	T203	C3849993
28003511	1500	1505	weeks	T079	C0439230
28003511	1517	1532	cotinine levels	T059	C0202363
28003511	1549	1560	significant	T078	C0750502
28003511	1561	1571	reductions	T080	C0392756
28003511	1575	1590	carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
28003511	1592	1596	NNAL	T109,T131	C0389836
28003511	1592	1596	NNAL	T109,T131	C0389836
28003511	1619	1627	measured	T080	C0444706
28003511	1628	1631	VOC	T109	C2350439
28003511	1632	1643	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28003511	1679	1682	ECs	T203	C3849993
28003511	1708	1713	study	T062	C2603343
28003511	1714	1720	period	T079	C1948053
28003511	1721	1734	significantly	T078	C0750502
28003511	1735	1742	reduced	T080	C0392756
28003511	1758	1762	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28003511	1769	1774	study	T062	C2603343
28003511	1783	1801	current literature	T170	C0023866
28003511	1805	1814	measuring	T080	C0444706
28003511	1825	1832	smoking	T055	C0037369
28003511	1833	1843	dependence	T048	C0439857
28003511	1848	1877	disease-associated biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28003511	1879	1924	4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol	T109,T131	C0389836
28003511	1926	1930	NNAL	T109,T131	C0389836
28003511	1960	1986	volatile organic compounds	T109	C2350439
28003511	1988	1992	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28003511	2003	2008	toxic	T080	C1407029
28003511	2009	2016	tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
28003511	2017	2022	smoke	T131	C0037366
28003511	2023	2035	constituents	T167	C0729650
28003511	2039	2046	smokers	T033	C0337664
28003511	2061	2082	electronic cigarettes	T203	C3849993
28003511	2117	2131	harm reduction	T061	C0679771
28003511	2156	2164	toxicant	T131	C0599787
28003511	2165	2173	exposure	T080	C0332157
28003511	2187	2203	clinical concern	T078	C2699424
28003511	2307	2312	toxic	T080	C1407029
28003511	2313	2321	exposure	T080	C0332157
28003511	2322	2329	results	T169	C1274040
28003511	2366	2375	cigarette	T073	C0677453
28003511	2378	2380	EC	T203	C3849993
28003511	2406	2420	harm reduction	T061	C0679771
28003511	2446	2449	ECs	T203	C3849993

28003799|t|Ergonomics of laparoscopic graspers and the importance of haptic feedback: the surgeons' perspective
28003799|a|Haptic feedback is drastically reduced in laparoscopic surgery compared to open surgery. Introducing enhanced haptic feedback in laparoscopic instruments might well improve surgical safety and efficiency. In the design process of a laparoscopic grasper with enhanced haptic feedback, handle design should be addressed to strive for optimal usability and comfort. Additionally, the surgeons' perspective on the potential benefits of haptic feedback should be assessed to ascertain the clinical interest of enhanced haptic feedback. A questionnaire was designed to determine surgeons' use and preferences for laparoscopic instruments and expectations about enhanced haptic feedback. Surgeons were also asked whether they experience physical complaints related to laparoscopic instruments. The questionnaire was distributed to a group of laparoscopic surgeons based in Europe. From the 279 contacted subjects, 98 completed the questionnaire (response rate 35 %). Of all respondents, 77 % reported physical complaints directly attributable to the use of laparoscopic instruments. No evident similarity in the main preference for graspers was found, either with or without haptic feedback. According to respondents, the added value of haptic feedback could be of particular use in feeling differences in tissue consistencies, feeling the applied pressure, locating a tumor or enlarged lymph node, feeling arterial pulse, and limiting strain in the surgeon's hand. This study stresses that the high prevalence of physical complaints directly related to laparoscopic instruments among laparoscopic surgeons is still relevant. Furthermore, the potential benefits of enhanced haptic feedback in laparoscopic surgery are recognized by laparoscopic specialists. Therefore, haptic feedback is considered an unmet need in laparoscopy.
28003799	0	10	Ergonomics	T090	C0086246
28003799	14	35	laparoscopic graspers	T074	C0038928
28003799	58	73	haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	79	88	surgeons'	T097	C0582175
28003799	101	116	Haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	132	139	reduced	T080	C0392756
28003799	143	163	laparoscopic surgery	T061	C0751429
28003799	164	172	compared	T052	C1707455
28003799	176	188	open surgery	T061	C4283938
28003799	202	210	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28003799	211	226	haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	230	254	laparoscopic instruments	T074	C0038928
28003799	266	273	improve	T033	C0184511
28003799	274	289	surgical safety	T068	C0036043
28003799	294	304	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28003799	313	319	design	T052	C1707689
28003799	320	327	process	T067	C1522240
28003799	333	353	laparoscopic grasper	T074	C0038928
28003799	359	367	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28003799	368	383	haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	433	440	optimal	T080	C2698651
28003799	441	450	usability	T170	C1510648
28003799	455	462	comfort	T033	C0517225
28003799	482	491	surgeons'	T097	C0582175
28003799	511	520	potential	T080	C3245505
28003799	521	529	benefits	T081	C0814225
28003799	533	548	haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	559	567	assessed	T052	C1516048
28003799	585	593	clinical	T080	C0205210
28003799	606	614	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28003799	615	630	haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	634	647	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28003799	652	660	designed	T052	C1707689
28003799	674	683	surgeons'	T097	C0582175
28003799	692	703	preferences	T078	C0558295
28003799	708	732	laparoscopic instruments	T074	C0038928
28003799	721	732	instruments	T074	C0348000
28003799	737	749	expectations	T078	C0679138
28003799	756	764	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28003799	765	780	haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	782	790	Surgeons	T097	C0582175
28003799	831	850	physical complaints	T184	C0679309
28003799	862	886	laparoscopic instruments	T074	C0038928
28003799	892	905	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28003799	910	921	distributed	T169	C1704711
28003799	927	932	group	T078	C0441833
28003799	936	957	laparoscopic surgeons	T097	C0582175
28003799	967	973	Europe	T083	C0015176
28003799	998	1006	subjects	T098	C0080105
28003799	1011	1020	completed	T080	C0205197
28003799	1025	1038	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28003799	1040	1053	response rate	T079	C0237629
28003799	1068	1079	respondents	T098	C0282122
28003799	1095	1114	physical complaints	T184	C0679309
28003799	1151	1175	laparoscopic instruments	T074	C0038928
28003799	1188	1198	similarity	T080	C2348205
28003799	1211	1221	preference	T078	C0558295
28003799	1226	1234	graspers	T074	C0038928
28003799	1239	1244	found	T033	C0150312
28003799	1269	1284	haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	1299	1310	respondents	T098	C0282122
28003799	1316	1321	added	T169	C1524062
28003799	1331	1346	haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	1370	1373	use	T169	C0457083
28003799	1385	1396	differences	T080	C1705242
28003799	1400	1406	tissue	T024	C0040300
28003799	1407	1420	consistencies	T080	C0332529
28003799	1434	1441	applied	T169	C4048755
28003799	1442	1450	pressure	T169	C1306345
28003799	1452	1460	locating	T033	C0243095
28003799	1463	1468	tumor	T191	C0027651
28003799	1472	1491	enlarged lymph node	T047	C0497156
28003799	1501	1515	arterial pulse	T042	C0232108
28003799	1521	1529	limiting	T169	C0439801
28003799	1530	1536	strain	T184	C1510453
28003799	1544	1553	surgeon's	T097	C0582175
28003799	1554	1558	hand	T023	C0018563
28003799	1589	1604	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
28003799	1608	1627	physical complaints	T184	C0679309
28003799	1648	1672	laparoscopic instruments	T074	C0038928
28003799	1679	1700	laparoscopic surgeons	T097	C0582175
28003799	1710	1718	relevant	T080	C2347946
28003799	1737	1746	potential	T080	C3245505
28003799	1747	1755	benefits	T081	C0814225
28003799	1759	1767	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28003799	1768	1783	haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	1787	1807	laparoscopic surgery	T061	C0751429
28003799	1826	1850	laparoscopic specialists	T097	C1611835
28003799	1863	1878	haptic feedback	T073	C1708324
28003799	1896	1906	unmet need	T033	C4061640
28003799	1910	1921	laparoscopy	T060	C0031150

28003943|t|Envisioning and Leading Organizational Transformation: One Organ Procurement Organization's Journey
28003943|a|In 2012, one organ procurement organization (OPO) welcomed a new President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO). This OPO, LifeShare Transplant Donor Services of Oklahoma (LifeShare), had just celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2011. While LifeShare was well-established chronologically, growth in organ donors and organs transplanted from these donors had occurred at a much slower rate during the collaborative era and afterward (2003-2011) than the donor / transplant growth the United States (US), as a whole, had experienced. While this performance had been stable, it was in the lower quartile of US OPO s on a per capita basis (organs transplanted per donor), and conversion rates were unremarkable. It was the sense of the OPO and donation service area (DSA) constituents that there was an opportunity for growth. It was under this premise that the new CEO was recruited in late 2011 and assumed leadership in February 2012. It important to note that the new CEO (the author) found LifeShare possessed numerous significant assets upon which to build. These included a strong core of committed and dedicated staff, a supportive Board, supportive transplant centers, and a strong state donor registry. Therefore, it was apparent that, while achieving the DSA's potential would require a transformation of the organization, the transformation did not necessarily require replacing core staff, often a common step undertaken by new chief executives. Beginning in 2012, the CEO sought to transform both the culture and the operation of the organization by focusing on a short list of key strategies. Culturally, three primary initiatives were undertaken: leadership development, staff development, and establishing " organizational clarity ". Operationally, the primary focus was identifying organ donor potential and then, based upon the opportunities for improvement, focusing on operational policies and practices. As LifeShare 's team began to identify pockets of unrealized potential donors, recognized best practices were deployed to areas of opportunity, including responding to all vented referrals, implementation of dedicated family requestors, broadening of already-existing in-house coordinator programs, and aggressive expansion of the donors after cardiac death (DCD) program. From 2008 through 2011, the four years prior to the organization beginning its change journey, LifeShare recovered 344 organ donors from which 1,007 organs were transplanted in 48 months. During the first 48 months of the change journey (2012 through 2015), 498 organ donors (+44.8%) provided 1,536 organs transplanted (+52.5%). DCD donors increased from 22 to 91 (+413.4%) and brain death (BD) donors from 322 to 407 (+26.4%). While the rate of growth is slowing somewhat, the first eight months of 2016 continue to show a percentage growth over 2015 in double digits for both organ donors and organs transplanted. Clearly, our results have been transformed and continue to be transformed. A cultural foundation for both leadership and staff, combined with a single-minded focus on maximizing recovery of potential organ donors and maximizing transplantation of every potential organ, has allowed us to achieve exceptional growth rates on a scale that has resulted in more than 500 additional organs transplanted and lives saved over the last four years when compared to pre-change results.
28003943	24	38	Organizational	T080	C0220885
28003943	39	53	Transformation	T169	C0439836
28003943	59	91	Organ Procurement Organization's	T093	C1551327
28003943	113	143	organ procurement organization	T093	C1551327
28003943	145	148	OPO	T093	C1551327
28003943	165	174	President	T097	C0027363
28003943	179	202	Chief Executive Officer	T097	C0027363
28003943	204	207	CEO	T097	C0027363
28003943	215	218	OPO	T093	C1551327
28003943	220	255	LifeShare Transplant Donor Services	T058	C0018747
28003943	259	267	Oklahoma	T083	C0028914
28003943	269	278	LifeShare	T058	C0018747
28003943	310	321	anniversary	T051	C0003097
28003943	337	346	LifeShare	T058	C0018747
28003943	385	391	growth	T039	C0220844
28003943	395	407	organ donors	T098	C0029206
28003943	412	418	organs	T023	C0178784
28003943	419	431	transplanted	T169	C0700106
28003943	443	449	donors	T098	C0013018
28003943	473	479	slower	T080	C0439834
28003943	480	484	rate	T081	C1521828
28003943	549	554	donor	T098	C0013018
28003943	557	567	transplant	T061	C0040732
28003943	568	574	growth	T039	C0220844
28003943	579	592	United States	T083	C0041703
28003943	594	596	US	T083	C0041703
28003943	639	650	performance	T052	C1882330
28003943	688	696	quartile	T080	C2828255
28003943	700	702	US	T083	C0041703
28003943	703	706	OPO	T093	C1551327
28003943	714	730	per capita basis	T081	C0392762
28003943	732	761	organs transplanted per donor	T081	C0392762
28003943	768	778	conversion	T169	C0439836
28003943	779	784	rates	T081	C1521828
28003943	828	831	OPO	T093	C1551327
28003943	836	857	donation service area	T057	C0557854
28003943	859	862	DSA	T057	C0557854
28003943	895	906	opportunity	T080	C0205556
28003943	911	917	growth	T039	C0220844
28003943	958	961	CEO	T097	C0027363
28003943	1001	1011	leadership	T054	C0023181
28003943	1064	1067	CEO	T097	C0027363
28003943	1073	1079	author	T097	C3812881
28003943	1087	1096	LifeShare	T058	C0018747
28003943	1116	1127	significant	T078	C0750502
28003943	1128	1134	assets	T077	C2371679
28003943	1202	1217	dedicated staff	T097	C0851286
28003943	1221	1237	supportive Board	T092	C1948070
28003943	1239	1268	supportive transplant centers	T093	C1708333
28003943	1276	1303	strong state donor registry	T170	C0034975
28003943	1358	1363	DSA's	T057	C0557854
28003943	1364	1373	potential	T080	C3245505
28003943	1390	1404	transformation	T169	C0439836
28003943	1412	1424	organization	T092	C1561598
28003943	1430	1444	transformation	T169	C0439836
28003943	1483	1493	core staff	T097	C0851286
28003943	1533	1549	chief executives	T097	C0027363
28003943	1574	1577	CEO	T097	C0027363
28003943	1588	1597	transform	T169	C0439836
28003943	1607	1614	culture	T169	C0220814
28003943	1623	1632	operation	T052	C3241922
28003943	1640	1652	organization	T092	C1561598
28003943	1688	1699	strategies.	T041	C0679199
28003943	1726	1737	initiatives	T041	C0424093
28003943	1755	1765	leadership	T054	C0023181
28003943	1766	1777	development	T039	C0243107
28003943	1779	1796	staff development	T057	C0038123
28003943	1817	1831	organizational	T080	C0220885
28003943	1832	1839	clarity	T201	C0486588
28003943	1892	1903	organ donor	T098	C0029206
28003943	1904	1913	potential	T080	C3245505
28003943	1939	1952	opportunities	T080	C0205556
28003943	1957	1968	improvement	T077	C2986411
28003943	1994	2002	policies	T170	C0242456
28003943	2007	2016	practices	T057	C0033284
28003943	2021	2030	LifeShare	T058	C0018747
28003943	2079	2088	potential	T080	C3245505
28003943	2089	2095	donors	T098	C0029206
28003943	2113	2122	practices	T057	C0033284
28003943	2140	2145	areas	T082	C0205146
28003943	2149	2160	opportunity	T080	C0205556
28003943	2172	2182	responding	T041	C2911692
28003943	2190	2206	vented referrals	T057	C0237823
28003943	2208	2222	implementation	T052	C1708476
28003943	2236	2253	family requestors	T098	C1257890
28003943	2286	2315	in-house coordinator programs	T077	C1709697
28003943	2349	2355	donors	T098	C0013018
28003943	2362	2375	cardiac death	T046	C0376297
28003943	2377	2380	DCD	T098	C0013018
28003943	2382	2389	program	T077	C1709697
28003943	2443	2455	organization	T092	C1561598
28003943	2470	2476	change	T169	C0392747
28003943	2486	2495	LifeShare	T058	C0018747
28003943	2510	2522	organ donors	T098	C0029206
28003943	2540	2546	organs	T023	C0178784
28003943	2552	2564	transplanted	T169	C0700106
28003943	2613	2619	change	T169	C0392747
28003943	2653	2665	organ donors	T098	C0029206
28003943	2690	2696	organs	T023	C0178784
28003943	2697	2709	transplanted	T169	C0700106
28003943	2720	2730	DCD donors	T098	C0013018
28003943	2731	2740	increased	T081	C0205217
28003943	2769	2780	brain death	T046	C0006110
28003943	2782	2784	BD	T046	C0006110
28003943	2786	2792	donors	T098	C0013018
28003943	2829	2833	rate	T081	C1521828
28003943	2837	2843	growth	T039	C0220844
28003943	2926	2932	growth	T039	C0220844
28003943	2969	2981	organ donors	T098	C0029206
28003943	2986	2992	organs	T023	C0178784
28003943	2993	3005	transplanted	T169	C0700106
28003943	3020	3027	results	T169	C1274040
28003943	3038	3049	transformed	T169	C0439836
28003943	3069	3080	transformed	T169	C0439836
28003943	3084	3103	cultural foundation	T092	C0016617
28003943	3113	3123	leadership	T054	C0023181
28003943	3128	3133	staff	T097	C0851286
28003943	3151	3170	single-minded focus	T169	C1285542
28003943	3185	3193	recovery	T052	C0237820
28003943	3197	3206	potential	T080	C3245505
28003943	3207	3219	organ donors	T098	C0029206
28003943	3235	3250	transplantation	T061	C0040732
28003943	3260	3269	potential	T080	C3245505
28003943	3270	3275	organ	T023	C0178784
28003943	3315	3321	growth	T039	C0220844
28003943	3322	3327	rates	T081	C1521828
28003943	3374	3384	additional	T169	C1524062
28003943	3385	3391	organs	T023	C0178784
28003943	3392	3404	transplanted	T169	C0700106

28004130|t|Multifocal bone and bone marrow lesions in children - MRI findings
28004130|a|Polyostotic bone and bone marrow lesions in children may be due to various disorders. Radiographically, lytic lesions may become apparent after loss of more than 50% of the bone mineral content. Scintigraphy requires osteoblastic activity and is not specific. MRI may significantly contribute to the correct diagnosis and management. Accurate interpretation of MRI examinations requires understanding of the normal conversion pattern of bone marrow in childhood and of the appearances of red marrow rests and hyperplasia. Differential diagnosis is wide: Malignancies include metastases, multifocal primary sarcomas and hematological diseases. Benign entities include benign tumors and tumor-like lesions, histiocytosis, infectious and inflammatory diseases, multiple stress fractures / reactions and bone infarcts / ischemia.
28004130	0	10	Multifocal	T082	C0205292
28004130	11	15	bone	T047	C0238792
28004130	20	39	bone marrow lesions	T047	C0948162
28004130	43	51	children	T100	C0008059
28004130	54	66	MRI findings	T033	C1850446
28004130	67	83	Polyostotic bone	T019	C0016065
28004130	88	107	bone marrow lesions	T047	C0948162
28004130	111	119	children	T100	C0008059
28004130	134	151	various disorders	T047	C0012634
28004130	153	169	Radiographically	T070	C0444708
28004130	171	184	lytic lesions	T046	C0221204
28004130	196	204	apparent	T078	C0750489
28004130	211	260	loss of more than 50% of the bone mineral content	T033	C1168245
28004130	262	274	Scintigraphy	T060	C0034606
28004130	284	296	osteoblastic	T025	C0029418
28004130	297	305	activity	T169	C0205177
28004130	313	325	not specific	T080	C0205370
28004130	327	330	MRI	T060	C0024485
28004130	335	359	significantly contribute	T052	C1880177
28004130	367	384	correct diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28004130	389	399	management	T058	C0376636
28004130	401	424	Accurate interpretation	T033	C0560180
28004130	428	444	MRI examinations	T060	C0024485
28004130	475	492	normal conversion	T169	C0439836
28004130	493	500	pattern	T082	C0449774
28004130	504	515	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28004130	516	528	in childhood	T079	C0231335
28004130	540	551	appearances	T080	C0700364
28004130	555	571	red marrow rests	T024	C0229624
28004130	576	587	hyperplasia	T046	C0020507
28004130	589	611	Differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
28004130	621	633	Malignancies	T191	C0006826
28004130	642	652	metastases	T046	C4255448
28004130	654	664	multifocal	T082	C0205292
28004130	665	681	primary sarcomas	T191	C4304633
28004130	686	708	hematological diseases	T047	C0018939
28004130	710	716	Benign	T080	C0205183
28004130	717	725	entities	T081	C0487262
28004130	734	747	benign tumors	T191	C0086692
28004130	752	770	tumor-like lesions	T169	C0332450
28004130	772	785	histiocytosis	T191	C0019618
28004130	787	797	infectious	T047	C0009450
28004130	802	823	inflammatory diseases	T047	C1290884
28004130	825	850	multiple stress fractures	T037	C0016664
28004130	853	862	reactions	T039	C0149784
28004130	867	880	bone infarcts	T046	C0877326
28004130	883	891	ischemia	T046	C0022116

28004225|t|Modeling viscous dissipation during vocal fold contact: the influence of tissue viscosity and thickness with implications for hydration
28004225|a|The mechanics of vocal fold contact during phonation is known to play a crucial role in both normal and pathological speech production, though the underlying physics is not well understood. Herein, a viscoelastic model of the stresses during vocal fold contact is developed. This model assumes the cover to be a poroelastic structure wherein interstitial fluid translocates in response to mechanical squeezing. The maximum interstitial fluid pressure is found to generally increase with decreasing viscous dissipation and/or decreasing tissue elasticity. A global minimum in the total contact stress, comprising interstitial fluid pressure and elastic stress in the tissue, is observed over the studied dimensionless parameter range. Interestingly, physiologically reasonable estimates for the governing parameters fall within this global minimum region. The model is validated against prior experimental and computational work, wherein the predicted contact stress magnitude and impact duration agree well with published results. Lastly, observations of the potential relationship between vocal fold hydration and increased risk of tissue damage are discussed based upon model predictions of stress as functions of cover layer thickness and viscosity.
28004225	0	8	Modeling	T062	C0870071
28004225	9	28	viscous dissipation	T040	C1662975
28004225	36	46	vocal fold	T023	C0042930
28004225	47	54	contact	T042	C1254358
28004225	60	69	influence	T077	C4054723
28004225	73	79	tissue	T024	C0040300
28004225	80	89	viscosity	T070	C0042784
28004225	94	103	thickness	T080	C1280412
28004225	126	135	hydration	T033	C1321013
28004225	140	149	mechanics	T042	C1254358
28004225	153	163	vocal fold	T023	C0042930
28004225	164	171	contact	T042	C1254358
28004225	179	188	phonation	T042	C0031577
28004225	229	235	normal	T080	C0205307
28004225	240	252	pathological	T169	C1521733
28004225	253	270	speech production	T040	C0037817
28004225	336	354	viscoelastic model	T170	C3161035
28004225	362	370	stresses	T033	C4270731
28004225	378	388	vocal fold	T023	C0042930
28004225	389	396	contact	T042	C1254358
28004225	416	421	model	T170	C3161035
28004225	434	439	cover	T023	C0507777
28004225	448	469	poroelastic structure	T080	C0205556
28004225	478	496	interstitial fluid	T031	C0162367
28004225	497	509	translocates	T169	C0205245
28004225	525	545	mechanical squeezing	T169	C0205245
28004225	551	558	maximum	T081	C0806909
28004225	559	577	interstitial fluid	T031	C0162367
28004225	578	586	pressure	T081	C4284008
28004225	609	617	increase	T169	C0442805
28004225	623	633	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28004225	634	653	viscous dissipation	T040	C1662975
28004225	661	671	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28004225	672	689	tissue elasticity	T033	C1562328
28004225	693	707	global minimum	T081	C0392762
28004225	715	735	total contact stress	T033	C4270731
28004225	748	766	interstitial fluid	T031	C0162367
28004225	767	775	pressure	T081	C4284008
28004225	780	794	elastic stress	T070	C0038442
28004225	802	808	tissue	T024	C0040300
28004225	839	862	dimensionless parameter	T081	C1880866
28004225	863	868	range	T081	C1514721
28004225	885	900	physiologically	T169	C0205463
28004225	901	921	reasonable estimates	T169	C0205245
28004225	940	950	parameters	T033	C0449381
28004225	968	989	global minimum region	T081	C0392762
28004225	995	1000	model	T170	C3161035
28004225	1028	1040	experimental	T080	C1517586
28004225	1045	1058	computational	T052	C1880157
28004225	1059	1063	work	T057	C0043227
28004225	1077	1086	predicted	T078	C0681842
28004225	1087	1101	contact stress	T033	C4270731
28004225	1102	1111	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28004225	1116	1122	impact	T080	C4049986
28004225	1123	1131	duration	T079	C0449238
28004225	1148	1165	published results	T169	C1274040
28004225	1175	1187	observations	T062	C0302523
28004225	1205	1217	relationship	T080	C0439849
28004225	1226	1236	vocal fold	T023	C0042930
28004225	1237	1246	hydration	T033	C1321013
28004225	1251	1260	increased	T081	C0205217
28004225	1261	1265	risk	T078	C0035647
28004225	1269	1282	tissue damage	T037	C0010957
28004225	1308	1313	model	T170	C3161035
28004225	1314	1325	predictions	T078	C0681842
28004225	1329	1335	stress	T033	C4270731
28004225	1339	1348	functions	T169	C0542341
28004225	1352	1357	cover	T023	C0507777
28004225	1358	1363	layer	T023	C0934502
28004225	1364	1373	thickness	T080	C1280412
28004225	1378	1387	viscosity	T070	C0042784

28004480|t|A metagenomic study of the preventive effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on intestinal polyp formation in Apc(Min/+) mice
28004480|a|To investigate the in vivo effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on intestinal polyp development and the interaction between this single - organism probiotic and the gut microbiota therein. The Apc(Min/+) mouse model was used to study the potential preventive effect of LGG on intestinal polyposis, while shotgun metagenomic sequencing was employed to characterize both taxonomic and functional changes within the gut microbial community. We found that the progression of intestinal polyps in the control group altered the community functional profile remarkably despite small variation in the taxonomic diversity. In comparison, the consumption of LGG helped maintain the overall functional potential and taxonomic profile in the resident microbes, thereby leading to a 25% decrease of total polyp counts. Furthermore, we found that LGG enriched those microbes or microbial activities related to short-chain fatty acid production (e.g. Roseburia and Coprococcus), as well as suppressed the ones that can lead to inflammation (e.g. Bilophila wadsworthia). Our study using shotgun metagenomics highlights how single probiotic LGG may exert its beneficial effects and decrease polyp formation in mice by maintaining gut microbial functionality. This probiotic intervention targeting microbiota may be used in conjugation with other dietary supplements or drugs as part of prevention strategies for early-stage colon cancer, after further clinical validations in human.
28004480	27	37	preventive	T080	C1456501
28004480	38	44	effect	T080	C1280500
28004480	48	74	Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	T007	C1629836
28004480	78	94	intestinal polyp	T190	C0021846
28004480	95	104	formation	T169	C1522492
28004480	108	118	Apc(Min/+)	T028	C0162832
28004480	119	123	mice	T015	C0025929
28004480	127	138	investigate	T169	C1292732
28004480	143	150	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28004480	151	161	effects of	T080	C1704420
28004480	162	188	Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG	T007	C1629836
28004480	190	193	LGG	T007	C1629836
28004480	198	214	intestinal polyp	T190	C0021846
28004480	215	226	development	T169	C1527148
28004480	235	246	interaction	T169	C1704675
28004480	260	266	single	T081	C0205171
28004480	269	277	organism	T001	C0029235
28004480	278	287	probiotic	T007	C0525033
28004480	296	310	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
28004480	324	334	Apc(Min/+)	T028	C0162832
28004480	335	340	mouse	T015	C0025929
28004480	341	346	model	T008	C0599779
28004480	369	378	potential	T080	C3245505
28004480	379	389	preventive	T080	C1456501
28004480	390	396	effect	T080	C1280500
28004480	400	403	LGG	T007	C1629836
28004480	407	427	intestinal polyposis	T047	C1257915
28004480	435	465	shotgun metagenomic sequencing	T063	C1519305
28004480	500	509	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
28004480	514	524	functional	T169	C0205245
28004480	525	532	changes	T169	C0392747
28004480	544	567	gut microbial community	T001	C4018878
28004480	587	598	progression	T169	C0449258
28004480	602	619	intestinal polyps	T190	C0021846
28004480	627	640	control group	T096	C0009932
28004480	641	648	altered	T169	C0392747
28004480	653	662	community	T070	C1253910
28004480	663	681	functional profile	T169	C0205245
28004480	724	733	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
28004480	734	743	diversity	T080	C1880371
28004480	748	758	comparison	T052	C1707455
28004480	764	775	consumption	T039	C1947907
28004480	779	782	LGG	T007	C1629836
28004480	811	821	functional	T169	C0205245
28004480	822	831	potential	T080	C3245505
28004480	836	853	taxonomic profile	T169	C0008903
28004480	861	878	resident microbes	T001	C4018878
28004480	905	913	decrease	T081	C0547047
28004480	917	922	total	T080	C0439810
28004480	923	928	polyp	T190	C0032584
28004480	929	935	counts	T081	C0439157
28004480	964	967	LGG	T007	C1629836
28004480	968	976	enriched	T168	C0359583
28004480	983	991	microbes	T001	C0445623
28004480	995	1004	microbial	T001	C0599840
28004480	1005	1015	activities	T052	C0441655
28004480	1027	1060	short-chain fatty acid production	T044	C1655805
28004480	1067	1076	Roseburia	T007	C0995401
28004480	1081	1092	Coprococcus	T007	C1004293
28004480	1106	1116	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28004480	1143	1155	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28004480	1162	1183	Bilophila wadsworthia	T007	C1005848
28004480	1202	1222	shotgun metagenomics	T063	C1519305
28004480	1238	1244	single	T081	C0205171
28004480	1245	1254	probiotic	T007	C0525033
28004480	1255	1258	LGG	T007	C1629836
28004480	1296	1304	decrease	T081	C0547047
28004480	1305	1310	polyp	T190	C0032584
28004480	1311	1320	formation	T169	C1522492
28004480	1324	1328	mice	T015	C0025929
28004480	1344	1357	gut microbial	T001	C4018878
28004480	1358	1371	functionality	T169	C0205245
28004480	1378	1387	probiotic	T007	C0525033
28004480	1388	1400	intervention	T061	C0184661
28004480	1401	1410	targeting	T169	C1521840
28004480	1411	1421	microbiota	T001	C2985398
28004480	1460	1479	dietary supplements	T168	C0242295
28004480	1483	1488	drugs	T121	C0013227
28004480	1500	1521	prevention strategies	T080	C2700409
28004480	1526	1537	early-stage	T079	C2363430
28004480	1538	1550	colon cancer	T191	C0009375
28004480	1566	1574	clinical	T080	C0205210
28004480	1575	1586	validations	T062	C1519941
28004480	1590	1595	human	T016	C0086418

28004744|t|Mitoxantrone and Analogues Bind and Stabilize i-Motif Forming DNA Sequences
28004744|a|There are hundreds of ligands which can interact with G-quadruplex DNA, yet very few which target i-motif. To appreciate an understanding between the dynamics between these structures and how they can be affected by intervention with small molecule ligands, more i-motif binding compounds are required. Herein we describe how the drug mitoxantrone can bind, induce folding of and stabilise i-motif forming DNA sequences, even at physiological pH. Additionally, mitoxantrone was found to bind i-motif forming sequences preferentially over double helical DNA. We also describe the stabilisation properties of analogues of mitoxantrone. This offers a new family of ligands with potential for use in experiments into the structure and function of i-motif forming DNA sequences.
28004744	0	12	Mitoxantrone	T109,T121	C0026259
28004744	17	26	Analogues	T104	C0002776
28004744	27	31	Bind	T039	C0678749
28004744	46	75	i-Motif Forming DNA Sequences	T086	C3178798
28004744	98	105	ligands	T103	C0023688
28004744	116	124	interact	T044	C0687133
28004744	130	146	G-quadruplex DNA	T086	C1956090
28004744	174	181	i-motif	T086	C3178798
28004744	226	234	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28004744	249	259	structures	T114	C1511699
28004744	310	332	small molecule ligands	T103	C0023688
28004744	339	354	i-motif binding	T045	C1148673
28004744	406	423	drug mitoxantrone	T109,T121	C0026259
28004744	428	432	bind	T039	C0678749
28004744	434	440	induce	T169	C0205263
28004744	441	448	folding	T044	C1511668
28004744	466	495	i-motif forming DNA sequences	T086	C0162326
28004744	505	521	physiological pH	T081	C0020283
28004744	537	549	mitoxantrone	T109,T121	C0026259
28004744	563	567	bind	T039	C0678749
28004744	568	593	i-motif forming sequences	T086	C3178798
28004744	614	632	double helical DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28004744	683	692	analogues	T104	C0002776
28004744	696	708	mitoxantrone	T109,T121	C0026259
28004744	738	745	ligands	T103	C0023688
28004744	793	802	structure	T114	C1511699
28004744	807	815	function	T044	C1148560
28004744	819	848	i-motif forming DNA sequences	T086	C3178798

28005193|t|TREK-1 (K2P2.1) K(+) channels are suppressed in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure and provide therapeutic targets for rhythm control
28005193|a|Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Concomitant heart failure (HF) poses a particular therapeutic challenge and is associated with prolonged atrial electrical refractoriness compared with non-failing hearts. We hypothesized that downregulation of atrial repolarizing TREK-1 (K2P2.1) K(+) channels contributes to electrical remodeling during AF with HF, and that TREK-1 gene transfer would provide rhythm control via normalization of atrial effective refractory periods in this AF subset. In patients with chronic AF and HF, atrial TREK-1 mRNA levels were reduced by 82% (left atrium) and 81% (right atrium) compared with sinus rhythm (SR) subjects. Human findings were recapitulated in a porcine model of atrial tachypacing-induced AF and reduced left ventricular function. TREK-1 mRNA (-66%) and protein (-61%) was suppressed in AF animals at 14-day follow-up compared with SR controls. Downregulation of repolarizing TREK-1 channels was associated with prolongation of atrial effective refractory periods versus baseline conditions, consistent with prior observations in humans with HF. In a preclinical therapeutic approach, pigs were randomized to either atrial Ad-TREK-1 gene therapy or sham treatment. Gene transfer effectively increased TREK-1 protein levels and attenuated atrial effective refractory period prolongation in the porcine AF model. Ad-TREK-1 increased the SR prevalence to 62% during follow-up in AF animals, compared to 35% in the untreated AF group. In conclusion, TREK-1 downregulation and rhythm control by Ad-TREK-1 transfer suggest mechanistic and potential therapeutic significance of TREK-1 channels in a subgroup of AF patients with HF and prolonged atrial effective refractory periods. Functional correction of ionic remodeling through TREK-1 gene therapy represents a novel paradigm to optimize and specify AF management.
28005193	0	29	TREK-1 (K2P2.1) K(+) channels	T116,T123	C0754471
28005193	34	44	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28005193	48	56	patients	T101	C0030705
28005193	62	81	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28005193	86	99	heart failure	T047	C0018801
28005193	104	111	provide	T052	C1999230
28005193	112	131	therapeutic targets	T169	C0302350
28005193	136	150	rhythm control	T080	C0243148
28005193	151	170	Atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28005193	172	174	AF	T047	C0004238
28005193	195	213	cardiac arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
28005193	215	240	Concomitant heart failure	T047	C0018801
28005193	242	244	HF	T047	C0018801
28005193	265	276	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28005193	277	286	challenge	T059	C1315011
28005193	310	319	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28005193	320	352	atrial electrical refractoriness	T040	C0034954
28005193	367	385	non-failing hearts	T023	C0018787
28005193	408	422	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28005193	426	445	atrial repolarizing	T042	C1371280
28005193	446	475	TREK-1 (K2P2.1) K(+) channels	T116,T123	C0754471
28005193	476	487	contributes	T052	C1880177
28005193	491	512	electrical remodeling	T046	C3658220
28005193	520	522	AF	T047	C0004238
28005193	528	530	HF	T047	C0018801
28005193	541	561	TREK-1 gene transfer	T063	C1517499
28005193	576	590	rhythm control	T080	C0243148
28005193	595	608	normalization	T062	C1882115
28005193	612	647	atrial effective refractory periods	T033	C0428938
28005193	656	658	AF	T047	C0004238
28005193	659	665	subset	T062	C2986480
28005193	670	678	patients	T101	C0030705
28005193	684	694	chronic AF	T047	C0694539
28005193	699	701	HF	T047	C0018801
28005193	703	716	atrial TREK-1	T116,T123	C0754471
28005193	717	721	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28005193	722	728	levels	T080	C0441889
28005193	750	761	left atrium	T023	C0225860
28005193	772	784	right atrium	T023	C0225844
28005193	800	812	sinus rhythm	T033	C0232201
28005193	814	816	SR	T033	C0232201
28005193	818	826	subjects	T098	C0080105
28005193	828	833	Human	T016	C0086418
28005193	834	842	findings	T033	C0243095
28005193	867	880	porcine model	T075	C0026336
28005193	884	913	atrial tachypacing-induced AF	T047	C0004238
28005193	918	925	reduced	T080	C0392756
28005193	926	951	left ventricular function	T042	C0080310
28005193	953	959	TREK-1	T116,T123	C0754471
28005193	960	964	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28005193	976	983	protein	T116,T123	C0754471
28005193	995	1005	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28005193	1009	1011	AF	T047	C0004238
28005193	1012	1019	animals	T008	C0003062
28005193	1040	1048	compared	T052	C1707455
28005193	1054	1056	SR	T033	C0232201
28005193	1067	1081	Downregulation	T044	C0013081
28005193	1085	1097	repolarizing	T042	C1371280
28005193	1098	1113	TREK-1 channels	T116,T123	C0754471
28005193	1134	1146	prolongation	T079	C0439590
28005193	1150	1185	atrial effective refractory periods	T033	C0428938
28005193	1193	1201	baseline	T081	C1442488
28005193	1214	1229	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28005193	1230	1235	prior	T079	C0332152
28005193	1236	1248	observations	T062	C0302523
28005193	1252	1258	humans	T016	C0086418
28005193	1264	1266	HF	T047	C0018801
28005193	1273	1284	preclinical	T080	C1709630
28005193	1285	1305	therapeutic approach	T169	C0302350
28005193	1307	1311	pigs	T015	C0039005
28005193	1317	1327	randomized	T062	C0034656
28005193	1338	1367	atrial Ad-TREK-1 gene therapy	T061	C0017296
28005193	1371	1385	sham treatment	T061	C0032042
28005193	1387	1400	Gene transfer	T063	C1517499
28005193	1401	1412	effectively	T080	C1280519
28005193	1413	1422	increased	T081	C0205217
28005193	1423	1437	TREK-1 protein	T116,T123	C0754471
28005193	1438	1444	levels	T080	C0441889
28005193	1449	1459	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28005193	1460	1494	atrial effective refractory period	T033	C0428938
28005193	1495	1507	prolongation	T079	C0439590
28005193	1515	1531	porcine AF model	T075	C0026336
28005193	1533	1542	Ad-TREK-1	T116,T123	C0754471
28005193	1557	1559	SR	T033	C0232201
28005193	1560	1570	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28005193	1598	1600	AF	T047	C0004238
28005193	1601	1608	animals	T008	C0003062
28005193	1610	1618	compared	T052	C1707455
28005193	1643	1645	AF	T047	C0004238
28005193	1656	1666	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28005193	1668	1674	TREK-1	T116,T123	C0754471
28005193	1675	1689	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28005193	1694	1708	rhythm control	T080	C0243148
28005193	1712	1730	Ad-TREK-1 transfer	T063	C1517499
28005193	1731	1738	suggest	T078	C1705535
28005193	1739	1776	mechanistic and potential therapeutic	T061	C0087111
28005193	1777	1789	significance	T078	C0750502
28005193	1793	1808	TREK-1 channels	T116,T123	C0754471
28005193	1814	1822	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28005193	1826	1828	AF	T047	C0004238
28005193	1829	1837	patients	T101	C0030705
28005193	1843	1845	HF	T047	C0018801
28005193	1850	1859	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28005193	1860	1895	atrial effective refractory periods	T033	C0428938
28005193	1897	1918	Functional correction	T169	C0205245
28005193	1947	1966	TREK-1 gene therapy	T061	C0017296
28005193	1980	1985	novel	T080	C0205314
28005193	1986	1994	paradigm	T062	C0681797
28005193	2019	2021	AF	T047	C0004238

28005254|t|The optomotor response of the praying mantis is driven predominantly by the central visual field
28005254|a|The optomotor response has been widely used to investigate insect sensitivity to contrast and motion. Several studies have revealed the sensitivity of this response to frequency and contrast, but we know less about the spatial integration underlying this response. Specifically, few studies have investigated how the horizontal angular extent of stimuli influences the optomotor response. We presented mantises with moving gratings of varying horizontal extents at three different contrasts in the central or peripheral regions of their visual fields. We assessed the relative effectivity of different regions to elicit the optomotor response and modelled the dependency of the response on the angular extent subtended by stimuli at these different regions. Our results show that the optomotor response is governed by stimuli in the central visual field and not in the periphery. The model also shows that in the central region, the probability of response increases linearly with increase in horizontal extent up to a saturation point. Furthermore, the dependency of the optomotor response on the angular extent of the stimulus is modulated by contrast. We discuss the implications of our results for different modes of stimulus presentation and for models of the underlying mechanisms of motion detection in the mantis.
28005254	4	22	optomotor response	T055	C2754836
28005254	30	44	praying mantis	T204	C0032909
28005254	76	83	central	T082	C0205099
28005254	84	96	visual field	T082	C0042826
28005254	101	119	optomotor response	T055	C2754836
28005254	144	155	investigate	T169	C1292732
28005254	156	162	insect	T204	C0021585
28005254	163	174	sensitivity	T080	C1522640
28005254	178	186	contrast	T080	C1979874
28005254	191	197	motion	T070	C0026597
28005254	207	214	studies	T062	C2603343
28005254	233	244	sensitivity	T080	C1522640
28005254	253	261	response	T032	C0871261
28005254	265	274	frequency	T079	C0439603
28005254	279	287	contrast	T080	C1979874
28005254	316	323	spatial	T082	C2348232
28005254	324	335	integration	T040	C0679019
28005254	352	360	response	T032	C0871261
28005254	380	387	studies	T062	C2603343
28005254	393	405	investigated	T169	C1292732
28005254	414	424	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28005254	425	432	angular	T082	C0205143
28005254	433	439	extent	T082	C0439792
28005254	443	450	stimuli	UnknownType	C0683107
28005254	466	484	optomotor response	T055	C2754836
28005254	499	507	mantises	T204	C0032909
28005254	513	519	moving	T040	C0560560
28005254	520	528	gratings	T082	C0456341
28005254	532	539	varying	T169	C0392747
28005254	540	550	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28005254	551	558	extents	T082	C0439792
28005254	568	577	different	T080	C1705242
28005254	578	587	contrasts	T080	C1979874
28005254	595	602	central	T082	C0205099
28005254	606	616	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28005254	617	624	regions	T082	C0205147
28005254	634	647	visual fields	T082	C0042826
28005254	652	660	assessed	T052	C1516048
28005254	674	685	effectivity	T080	C1280519
28005254	689	698	different	T080	C1705242
28005254	699	706	regions	T082	C0205147
28005254	721	739	optomotor response	T055	C2754836
28005254	744	752	modelled	T062	C0870071
28005254	775	783	response	T032	C0871261
28005254	791	798	angular	T082	C0205143
28005254	799	805	extent	T082	C0439792
28005254	819	826	stimuli	UnknownType	C0683107
28005254	836	845	different	T080	C1705242
28005254	846	853	regions	T082	C0205147
28005254	859	866	results	T033	C0683954
28005254	881	899	optomotor response	T055	C2754836
28005254	915	922	stimuli	UnknownType	C0683107
28005254	930	937	central	T082	C0205099
28005254	938	950	visual field	T082	C0042826
28005254	966	975	periphery	T082	C0205100
28005254	981	986	model	T075	C0026336
28005254	1010	1024	central region	T083	C0454907
28005254	1030	1041	probability	T081	C0033204
28005254	1045	1053	response	T032	C0871261
28005254	1054	1063	increases	T081	C0205217
28005254	1064	1072	linearly	T082	C0205132
28005254	1078	1086	increase	T169	C0442805
28005254	1090	1100	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28005254	1101	1107	extent	T082	C0439792
28005254	1116	1126	saturation	T070	C0522534
28005254	1169	1187	optomotor response	T055	C2754836
28005254	1195	1202	angular	T082	C0205143
28005254	1203	1209	extent	T082	C0439792
28005254	1217	1225	stimulus	UnknownType	C0683107
28005254	1229	1238	modulated	T082	C0443264
28005254	1242	1250	contrast	T080	C1979874
28005254	1287	1294	results	T033	C0683954
28005254	1299	1308	different	T080	C1705242
28005254	1309	1314	modes	T169	C1513371
28005254	1318	1326	stimulus	UnknownType	C0683107
28005254	1327	1339	presentation	T078	C0449450
28005254	1348	1354	models	T075	C0026336
28005254	1373	1383	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28005254	1387	1393	motion	T070	C0026597
28005254	1394	1403	detection	T061	C1511790
28005254	1411	1417	mantis	T204	C0032909

28005403|t|Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial of Habit Reversal Training for Treatment of Hair Pulling in Youth
28005403|a|This study evaluated the treatment efficacy of habit reversal training (HRT) relative to treatment as usual (TAU) for children and adolescents aged 7-17 years with a primary diagnosis of trichotillomania (TTM). An initial assessment consisting of semistructured interviews and rating scales was conducted. Participants (N = 40, 85% female) meeting diagnostic criteria for TTM were randomized to either 8 weekly sessions of HRT by trained therapists or 8 weeks of TAU. One week after the final HRT session or final TAU week, patients completed a posttreatment assessment, followed by 1- and 3- month follow-up assessments. All assessments were conducted by a trained rater who was blinded to treatment condition. The group by time analysis of variance yielded a significant interaction on the National Institute of Mental Health - Trichotillomania Severity Scale Total Score (F1,38 = 16.47, p < 0.001, η(2)p = 0.30). The mean score decreased from 12.67 ± 4.60 at baseline to 5.62 ± 4.38 at posttreatment in the HRT group (t20 = 5.99, p < 0.001, d = 1.31), whereas the TAU group changed from 10.42 ± 4.35 to 9.32 ± 4.11 (t18 = 1.34, p = 0.20, d = 0.31). The Massachusetts General Hospital-Hair Pulling Scale Total Score decreased from 15.14 ± 3.86 at baseline to 7.14 ± 5.54 at posttreatment in the HRT group (t20 = 6.16, p < 0.001, d = 1.34); the TAU group changed from 14.16 ± 4.51 to 12.26 ± 4.34 (t18 = 1.50, p = 0.15, d = 0.34). On the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement, 16/21 participants (76%) were rated as treatment responders in the HRT group versus 4/19 (21%) in the TAU group (χ(2) = 12.13, p < 0.001, V = 0.55). At 1- month follow-up, 10-12 treatment responders who completed the assessment maintained improvement. At 3- month follow-up, six of eight maintained improvement. HRT can be an effective treatment for TTM in youth.
28005403	12	39	Randomized Controlled Trial	T062	C0206035
28005403	43	66	Habit Reversal Training	T061	C0004933
28005403	71	80	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28005403	84	96	Hair Pulling	T048	C0040953
28005403	100	105	Youth	T100	C0087178
28005403	111	116	study	T062	C2603343
28005403	117	126	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28005403	131	140	treatment	T061	C0087111
28005403	141	149	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28005403	153	176	habit reversal training	T061	C0004933
28005403	178	181	HRT	T061	C0004933
28005403	195	213	treatment as usual	T077	C2347177
28005403	215	218	TAU	T077	C2347177
28005403	224	232	children	T100	C0008059
28005403	237	248	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28005403	249	253	aged	T032	C0001779
28005403	259	264	years	T079	C0439234
28005403	280	289	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28005403	293	309	trichotillomania	T048	C0040953
28005403	311	314	TTM	T048	C0040953
28005403	328	338	assessment	T058	C0220825
28005403	368	378	interviews	T052	C0021822
28005403	383	396	rating scales	T081,T170	C0681889
28005403	412	424	Participants	T098	C0679646
28005403	438	444	female	T032	C0086287
28005403	454	473	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
28005403	478	481	TTM	T048	C0040953
28005403	487	497	randomized	T062	C0034656
28005403	510	516	weekly	T079	C0332174
28005403	529	532	HRT	T061	C0004933
28005403	544	554	therapists	T097	C0871525
28005403	560	565	weeks	T079	C0439230
28005403	569	572	TAU	T077	C2347177
28005403	578	582	week	T079	C0439230
28005403	599	602	HRT	T061	C0004933
28005403	620	623	TAU	T077	C2347177
28005403	624	628	week	T079	C0439230
28005403	630	638	patients	T101	C0030705
28005403	651	675	posttreatment assessment	T058	C0237623
28005403	699	704	month	T079	C0439231
28005403	705	714	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28005403	715	726	assessments	T058	C0220825
28005403	732	743	assessments	T058	C0220825
28005403	772	777	rater	T097	C2697672
28005403	786	793	blinded	T062	C0150108
28005403	797	806	treatment	T061	C0087111
28005403	807	816	condition	T080	C0348080
28005403	836	856	analysis of variance	T081	C0002780
28005403	867	878	significant	T078	C0750502
28005403	898	933	National Institute of Mental Health	T093	C0027466
28005403	936	979	Trichotillomania Severity Scale Total Score	T081	C0457451
28005403	1026	1036	mean score	T033	C3533236
28005403	1068	1076	baseline	T081	C1442488
28005403	1095	1108	posttreatment	T058	C0237623
28005403	1116	1119	HRT	T061	C0004933
28005403	1120	1125	group	T098	C1257890
28005403	1173	1176	TAU	T077	C2347177
28005403	1177	1182	group	T098	C1257890
28005403	1258	1323	The Massachusetts General Hospital-Hair Pulling Scale Total Score	T081	C0457451
28005403	1355	1363	baseline	T081	C1442488
28005403	1382	1395	posttreatment	T058	C0237623
28005403	1403	1406	HRT	T061	C0004933
28005403	1407	1412	group	T098	C1257890
28005403	1452	1455	TAU	T077	C2347177
28005403	1456	1461	group	T098	C1257890
28005403	1545	1584	Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement	T170	C3639708
28005403	1592	1604	participants	T098	C0679646
28005403	1625	1634	treatment	T061	C0087111
28005403	1635	1645	responders	T098	C0282122
28005403	1653	1656	HRT	T061	C0004933
28005403	1657	1662	group	T098	C1257890
28005403	1688	1691	TAU	T077	C2347177
28005403	1692	1697	group	T098	C1257890
28005403	1741	1746	month	T079	C0439231
28005403	1747	1756	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28005403	1764	1773	treatment	T061	C0087111
28005403	1774	1784	responders	T098	C0282122
28005403	1803	1813	assessment	T058	C0220825
28005403	1825	1836	improvement	T077	C2986411
28005403	1844	1849	month	T079	C0439231
28005403	1850	1859	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28005403	1885	1896	improvement	T077	C2986411
28005403	1898	1901	HRT	T061	C0004933
28005403	1922	1931	treatment	T061	C0087111
28005403	1936	1939	TTM	T048	C0040953
28005403	1943	1948	youth	T100	C0087178

28005775|t|Fully Endoscope - Controlled Clipping Bilateral Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Via Unilateral Supraorbital Keyhole Approach
28005775|a|Clipping bilateral middle cerebral artery (bMCA) aneurysms via unilateral approach in a single-stage operation is considered as a challenge procedure. To our knowledge, there is no study in surgical management of patients with bMCA aneurysms by fully endoscope - controlled techniques. The author reported a patient with bMCA aneurysms who underwent aneurysms clipping via a unilateral supraorbital keyhole approach by endoscope - controlled microneurosurgery, and the patient had an uneventful postoperative course without neurologic impairment and complication. Furthermore, the author discussed the advantages and adaptation of endoscope - controlled clipping bMCA aneurysms via unilateral supraorbital keyhole approach.
28005775	0	5	Fully	T080	C0443225
28005775	6	15	Endoscope	T074	C0014243
28005775	18	28	Controlled	T169	C2587213
28005775	29	37	Clipping	T061	C0189711
28005775	38	79	Bilateral Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm	T047	C0740385
28005775	84	124	Unilateral Supraorbital Keyhole Approach	T061	C0087111
28005775	125	133	Clipping	T061	C0189711
28005775	134	183	bilateral middle cerebral artery (bMCA) aneurysms	T047	C0740385
28005775	188	207	unilateral approach	T061	C0087111
28005775	213	235	single-stage operation	T061	C0543467
28005775	315	334	surgical management	T058	C1515089
28005775	338	346	patients	T101	C0030705
28005775	352	366	bMCA aneurysms	T047	C0740385
28005775	376	385	endoscope	T074	C0014243
28005775	388	398	controlled	T169	C2587213
28005775	399	409	techniques	T169	C0449851
28005775	433	440	patient	T101	C0030705
28005775	446	460	bMCA aneurysms	T047	C0740385
28005775	475	493	aneurysms clipping	T061	C0189711
28005775	500	540	unilateral supraorbital keyhole approach	T061	C0087111
28005775	544	553	endoscope	T074	C0014243
28005775	556	566	controlled	T169	C2587213
28005775	567	584	microneurosurgery	T061	C0524850
28005775	594	601	patient	T101	C0030705
28005775	620	640	postoperative course	T079	C0032790
28005775	641	648	without	T080	C0332288
28005775	649	659	neurologic	T080	C0205494
28005775	660	670	impairment	T046	C0684336
28005775	675	687	complication	T046	C0009566
28005775	742	752	adaptation	T170	C1706477
28005775	756	765	endoscope	T074	C0014243
28005775	768	778	controlled	T169	C2587213
28005775	779	787	clipping	T061	C0189711
28005775	788	802	bMCA aneurysms	T047	C0740385
28005775	807	847	unilateral supraorbital keyhole approach	T061	C0087111

28005982|t|Depot Dependent Effects of Dexamethasone on Gene Expression in Human Omental and Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues from Obese Women
28005982|a|Glucocorticoids promote fat accumulation in visceral compared to subcutaneous depots, but the molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. To identify long-term changes in gene expression that are differentially sensitive or responsive to glucocorticoids in these depots, paired samples of human omental (Om) and abdominal subcutaneous (Abdsc) adipose tissues obtained from obese women during elective surgery were cultured with the glucocorticoid receptor agonist dexamethasone (Dex, 0, 1, 10, 25 and 1000 nM) for 7 days. Dex regulated 32% of the 19,741 genes on the array, while 53% differed by Depot and 2.5% exhibited a Depot * Dex concentration interaction. Gene set enrichment analysis showed Dex regulation of the expected metabolic and inflammatory pathways in both depots. Cluster analysis of the 460 transcripts that exhibited an interaction of Depot and Dex concentration revealed sets of mRNAs for which the responses to Dex differed in magnitude, sensitivity or direction between the two depots as well as mRNAs that responded to Dex only in one depot. These transcripts were also clearly depot different in fresh adipose tissue and are implicated in processes that could affect adipose tissue distribution or functions (e.g. adipogenesis, triacylglycerol synthesis and storage, insulin action). Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the depot differences in the effect of Dex on the expression of specific genes and pathways that regulate adipose function may offer novel insights into understanding the biology of visceral adipose tissues and their links to metabolic health.
28005982	0	5	Depot	T082	C1254362
28005982	27	40	Dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28005982	44	59	Gene Expression	T045	C0017262
28005982	63	68	Human	T016	C0086418
28005982	69	76	Omental	T023	C0028977
28005982	81	119	Abdominal Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues	T024	C1563741
28005982	125	130	Obese	T047	C0028754
28005982	131	136	Women	T098	C0043210
28005982	137	152	Glucocorticoids	T109,T125	C0017710
28005982	161	164	fat	T201	C0344335
28005982	165	177	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28005982	181	189	visceral	T082	C0442045
28005982	190	198	compared	T052	C1707455
28005982	202	214	subcutaneous	T082	C0443315
28005982	215	221	depots	T082	C1254362
28005982	231	251	molecular mechanisms	T044	C3537153
28005982	309	316	changes	T169	C0392747
28005982	320	335	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28005982	360	369	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28005982	373	383	responsive	T169	C0205342
28005982	387	402	glucocorticoids	T109,T125	C0017710
28005982	412	418	depots	T082	C1254362
28005982	438	443	human	T016	C0086418
28005982	444	451	omental	T023	C0028977
28005982	453	455	Om	T023	C0028977
28005982	461	507	abdominal subcutaneous (Abdsc) adipose tissues	T024	C1563741
28005982	508	516	obtained	T169	C1301820
28005982	522	527	obese	T047	C0028754
28005982	528	533	women	T098	C0043210
28005982	541	557	elective surgery	T061	C0206058
28005982	563	571	cultured	T059	C0040284
28005982	581	604	glucocorticoid receptor	T116,T192	C0034809
28005982	605	612	agonist	T121	C2987634
28005982	613	626	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28005982	628	631	Dex	T109,T121	C0011777
28005982	671	674	Dex	T109,T121	C0011777
28005982	703	708	genes	T028	C0017337
28005982	716	721	array	T082	C1510941
28005982	745	750	Depot	T082	C1254362
28005982	772	777	Depot	T082	C1254362
28005982	780	783	Dex	T109,T121	C0011777
28005982	784	797	concentration	T081	C1446561
28005982	798	809	interaction	T169	C1704675
28005982	811	819	Gene set	T028	C0017337
28005982	831	839	analysis	T062	C0936012
28005982	847	850	Dex	T109,T121	C0011777
28005982	851	861	regulation	T038	C1327622
28005982	869	877	expected	T170	C1517001
28005982	878	887	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28005982	892	913	inflammatory pathways	T042	C1512758
28005982	922	928	depots	T082	C1254362
28005982	930	946	Cluster analysis	T062	C0009085
28005982	958	969	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28005982	988	999	interaction	T169	C1704675
28005982	1003	1008	Depot	T082	C1254362
28005982	1013	1016	Dex	T109,T121	C0011777
28005982	1031	1039	revealed	T080	C0443289
28005982	1048	1053	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28005982	1081	1084	Dex	T109,T121	C0011777
28005982	1097	1106	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28005982	1123	1132	direction	T082	C0449738
28005982	1149	1155	depots	T082	C1254362
28005982	1167	1172	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28005982	1191	1194	Dex	T109,T121	C0011777
28005982	1207	1212	depot	T082	C1254362
28005982	1220	1231	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28005982	1250	1255	depot	T082	C1254362
28005982	1275	1289	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
28005982	1312	1321	processes	T067	C1522240
28005982	1340	1354	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
28005982	1355	1367	distribution	T169	C0220927
28005982	1371	1380	functions	T042	C0232456
28005982	1387	1399	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
28005982	1401	1426	triacylglycerol synthesis	T044	C1157337
28005982	1431	1438	storage	T043	C1327211
28005982	1440	1454	insulin action	T044	C1145751
28005982	1476	1486	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28005982	1502	1507	depot	T082	C1254362
28005982	1537	1540	Dex	T109,T121	C0011777
28005982	1548	1558	expression	T045	C0017262
28005982	1571	1576	genes	T028	C0017337
28005982	1595	1603	regulate	T038	C1327622
28005982	1604	1611	adipose	T024	C0001527
28005982	1612	1620	function	T169	C0542341
28005982	1669	1676	biology	T091	C0005532
28005982	1680	1688	visceral	T082	C0442045
28005982	1689	1704	adipose tissues	T024	C0001527
28005982	1724	1733	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28005982	1734	1740	health	T080	C0018759

28006726|t|Perfusion deconvolution in DSC-MRI with dispersion-compliant bases
28006726|a|Perfusion imaging of the brain via Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI (DSC-MRI) allows tissue perfusion characterization by recovering the tissue impulse response function and scalar parameters such as the cerebral blood flow (CBF), blood volume (CBV), and mean transit time (MTT). However, the presence of bolus dispersion causes the data to reflect macrovascular properties, in addition to tissue perfusion. In this case, when performing deconvolution of the measured arterial and tissue concentration time-curves it is only possible to recover the effective, i.e. dispersed, response function and parameters. We introduce Dispersion-Compliant Bases (DCB) to represent the response function in the presence and absence of dispersion. We perform in silico and in vivo experiments, and show that DCB deconvolution outperforms oSVD and the state-of-the-art CPI+VTF techniques in the estimation of effective perfusion parameters, regardless of the presence and amount of dispersion. We also show that DCB deconvolution can be used as a pre-processing step to improve the estimation of dispersion -free parameters computed with CPI+VTF, which employs a model of the vascular transport function to characterize dispersion. Indeed, in silico results show a reduction of relative errors up to 50% for dispersion -free CBF and MTT. Moreover, the DCB method recovers effective response functions that comply with healthy and pathological scenarios, and offers the advantage of making no assumptions about the presence, amount, and nature of dispersion.
28006726	0	9	Perfusion	T042	C0599705
28006726	10	23	deconvolution	T066	C1707643
28006726	27	34	DSC-MRI	T060	C0024485
28006726	40	66	dispersion-compliant bases	T066	C1707643
28006726	67	84	Perfusion imaging	T060	C2350393
28006726	92	97	brain	T023	C0006104
28006726	102	137	Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI	T060	C0024485
28006726	139	146	DSC-MRI	T060	C0024485
28006726	155	161	tissue	T024	C0040300
28006726	162	171	perfusion	T042	C0599705
28006726	172	188	characterization	T052	C1880022
28006726	207	213	tissue	T024	C0040300
28006726	214	239	impulse response function	T042	C1254358
28006726	244	250	scalar	T080	C1710017
28006726	251	261	parameters	T077	C0549193
28006726	274	293	cerebral blood flow	T033	C0428714
28006726	295	298	CBF	T033	C0428714
28006726	301	313	blood volume	T032	C4277714
28006726	315	318	CBV	T032	C4277714
28006726	325	342	mean transit time	T081	C0392762
28006726	344	347	MTT	T081	C0392762
28006726	363	371	presence	T080	C3854307
28006726	375	380	bolus	T031	C0504082
28006726	381	391	dispersion	T169	C1704711
28006726	403	407	data	T078	C1511726
28006726	419	432	macrovascular	T023	C0005847
28006726	433	443	properties	T080	C0871161
28006726	460	466	tissue	T024	C0040300
28006726	467	476	perfusion	T042	C0599705
28006726	486	490	case	T169	C0868928
28006726	508	521	deconvolution	T066	C1707643
28006726	538	546	arterial	T082	C0221464
28006726	551	557	tissue	T024	C0040300
28006726	558	583	concentration time-curves	T081	C0392762
28006726	635	644	dispersed	T169	C1704711
28006726	646	663	response function	T042	C1254358
28006726	668	678	parameters	T077	C0549193
28006726	693	719	Dispersion-Compliant Bases	T066	C1707643
28006726	721	724	DCB	T066	C1707643
28006726	743	760	response function	T042	C1254358
28006726	768	776	presence	T080	C3854307
28006726	781	788	absence	T169	C0332197
28006726	792	802	dispersion	T169	C1704711
28006726	815	824	in silico	T066	C3489666
28006726	829	836	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28006726	837	848	experiments	T062	C0681814
28006726	864	881	DCB deconvolution	T066	C1707643
28006726	894	898	oSVD	T066	C1707643
28006726	924	931	CPI+VTF	T066	C1707643
28006726	932	942	techniques	T169	C0449851
28006726	950	960	estimation	T081	C0750572
28006726	974	983	perfusion	T042	C0599705
28006726	984	994	parameters	T077	C0549193
28006726	1014	1022	presence	T080	C3854307
28006726	1027	1033	amount	T081	C1265611
28006726	1037	1047	dispersion	T169	C1704711
28006726	1067	1084	DCB deconvolution	T066	C1707643
28006726	1137	1147	estimation	T081	C0750572
28006726	1151	1161	dispersion	T169	C1704711
28006726	1168	1178	parameters	T077	C0549193
28006726	1179	1187	computed	T059	C1441526
28006726	1193	1200	CPI+VTF	T066	C1707643
28006726	1218	1223	model	T170	C3161035
28006726	1231	1258	vascular transport function	T043	C1623014
28006726	1275	1285	dispersion	T169	C1704711
28006726	1295	1304	in silico	T066	C3489666
28006726	1305	1312	results	T169	C1274040
28006726	1333	1348	relative errors	T080	C0743559
28006726	1363	1373	dispersion	T169	C1704711
28006726	1380	1383	CBF	T033	C0428714
28006726	1388	1391	MTT	T081	C0392762
28006726	1407	1417	DCB method	T066	C1707643
28006726	1437	1455	response functions	T042	C1254358
28006726	1473	1480	healthy	T080	C3898900
28006726	1485	1497	pathological	T169	C1521733
28006726	1498	1507	scenarios	T169	C0683579
28006726	1569	1577	presence	T080	C3854307
28006726	1579	1585	amount	T081	C1265611
28006726	1591	1597	nature	T078	C0349590
28006726	1601	1611	dispersion	T169	C1704711

28007677|t|Colonic acute malignant obstructions: effectiveness of self-expanding metallic stent as bridge to surgery
28007677|a|Bowel obstruction is a frequent event in patients with adenocarcinoma, affecting, in some series, almost one-third of the patients. In the last decades, in addition to surgery, self-expanding metallic stents (SEMSs) are available both as a bridge to surgery (BTS) or palliation. The aim of our study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of the use of SEMSs as BTS in selected patients with acute colonic malignant obstructions. In total, 125 patients with malignant colonic obstruction who underwent emergency surgery or stent insertion were retrospectively enrolled in our study; 62 patients underwent surgery initially, whereas 62 were subjected to stenting as BTS. The 6-month and 1-year survival rates after the procedure (stenting or surgery) and short-term and long-term complication rates were considered as primary endpoints; the recanalization rate after Hartmann's procedure and the length of hospitalization were considered as secondary endpoints. On comparing the surgery group (SG) and the BTS group (BG), we observed a lower short-term complication rate (p<0.05) and a reduction in the mean hospital stay (16.1±7.7 vs. 13.5±3.0, p<0.05) in the latter. No differences in long-term complications were found. The recanalization rate after Hartmann's procedure was higher in BG than in SG, although this was not statistically significant. Our experience shows that SEMS insertion is a safe and effective technique in selected patients with colonic malignant obstruction; the reduction in hospital stay and short-term complications in BG is an important cost-saving aim.
28007677	0	36	Colonic acute malignant obstructions	T190	C3888580
28007677	38	51	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28007677	55	84	self-expanding metallic stent	T074	C0441291
28007677	88	94	bridge	T122	C0450434
28007677	98	105	surgery	T061	C0543467
28007677	106	123	Bowel obstruction	T047	C0021843
28007677	129	137	frequent	T079	C0332183
28007677	138	143	event	T051	C0441471
28007677	147	155	patients	T101	C0030705
28007677	161	175	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
28007677	177	186	affecting	T169	C0392760
28007677	196	202	series	T081	C0205549
28007677	228	236	patients	T101	C0030705
28007677	250	257	decades	T081	C2981279
28007677	274	281	surgery	T061	C0543467
28007677	283	313	self-expanding metallic stents	T074	C0441291
28007677	314	321	(SEMSs)	T074	C0441291
28007677	346	363	bridge to surgery	T061	C2712920
28007677	364	369	(BTS)	T061	C2712920
28007677	373	383	palliation	T091	C0030231
28007677	389	392	aim	T078	C1947946
28007677	400	405	study	T062	C2603343
28007677	429	435	safety	T058	C0014680
28007677	440	448	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28007677	463	468	SEMSs	T074	C0441291
28007677	472	475	BTS	T061	C2712920
28007677	488	496	patients	T101	C0030705
28007677	502	538	acute colonic malignant obstructions	T190	C3888580
28007677	554	562	patients	T101	C0030705
28007677	568	597	malignant colonic obstruction	T190	C3888580
28007677	612	621	emergency	T067	C0013956
28007677	622	629	surgery	T061	C0543467
28007677	633	648	stent insertion	T061	C0522776
28007677	654	669	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28007677	670	678	enrolled	T058	C1514821
28007677	686	691	study	T062	C2603343
28007677	696	704	patients	T101	C0030705
28007677	715	722	surgery	T061	C0543467
28007677	723	732	initially	T079	C0205265
28007677	763	771	stenting	T061	C2348535
28007677	775	778	BTS	T061	C2712920
28007677	803	817	survival rates	T081	C0038954
28007677	828	837	procedure	T061	C0184661
28007677	839	847	stenting	T061	C2348535
28007677	851	858	surgery	T061	C0543467
28007677	864	874	short-term	T079	C0443303
28007677	879	888	long-term	T079	C0443252
28007677	889	901	complication	T046	C0009566
28007677	902	907	rates	T081	C1521828
28007677	902	907	rates	T081	C1521828
28007677	927	934	primary	T080	C0205225
28007677	935	944	endpoints	T080	C2349179
28007677	950	964	recanalization	T169	C0333326
28007677	965	969	rate	T081	C1521828
28007677	976	996	Hartmann's procedure	T061	C1699167
28007677	1005	1014	length of	T079	C0449238
28007677	1015	1030	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28007677	1036	1046	considered	T078	C0750591
28007677	1050	1059	secondary	T080	C0175668
28007677	1060	1069	endpoints	T080	C2349179
28007677	1074	1083	comparing	T052	C1707455
28007677	1088	1101	surgery group	T098	C1257890
28007677	1102	1106	(SG)	T098	C1257890
28007677	1115	1124	BTS group	T098	C1257890
28007677	1125	1129	(BG)	T098	C1257890
28007677	1134	1142	observed	T169	C1441672
28007677	1145	1150	lower	T052	C2003888
28007677	1151	1161	short-term	T079	C0443303
28007677	1162	1174	complication	T046	C0009566
28007677	1175	1179	rate	T081	C1521828
28007677	1195	1204	reduction	T080	C0392756
28007677	1212	1216	mean	T081	C0444504
28007677	1217	1230	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28007677	1278	1292	No differences	T033	C3842396
28007677	1296	1305	long-term	T079	C0443252
28007677	1306	1319	complications	T046	C0009566
28007677	1336	1350	recanalization	T169	C0333326
28007677	1351	1355	rate	T081	C1521828
28007677	1362	1382	Hartmann's procedure	T061	C1699167
28007677	1387	1393	higher	T080	C0205250
28007677	1397	1399	BG	T098	C1257890
28007677	1408	1410	SG	T098	C1257890
28007677	1434	1459	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28007677	1465	1475	experience	T041	C0596545
28007677	1487	1501	SEMS insertion	T061	C0522776
28007677	1516	1525	effective	T080	C1280519
28007677	1526	1535	technique	T169	C0449851
28007677	1548	1556	patients	T101	C0030705
28007677	1562	1591	colonic malignant obstruction	T190	C3888580
28007677	1597	1606	reduction	T080	C0392756
28007677	1610	1623	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28007677	1628	1638	short-term	T079	C0443303
28007677	1639	1652	complications	T046	C0009566
28007677	1656	1658	BG	T098	C1257890
28007677	1665	1674	important	T080	C3898777
28007677	1675	1686	cost-saving	T081	C0085550
28007677	1687	1690	aim	T078	C1947946

28007859|t|Novel Observations in 11 Heteroresistant Vancomycin-Intermediate Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains from South India
28007859|a|We report here the draft genome sequences of 11 heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) strains from bloodstream infection. All strains harbor mutations in vraSR, graSR, walKR, and/or tcaRAB and are often implicated as the frequently mutated candidate genes in hVISA phenotypes.
28007859	0	5	Novel	T080	C0205314
28007859	6	18	Observations	T062	C0302523
28007859	25	40	Heteroresistant	T039	C1514892
28007859	41	64	Vancomycin-Intermediate	T116,T195	C0042313
28007859	65	116	Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains	T007	C1265292
28007859	122	133	South India	T083	C0021201
28007859	159	175	genome sequences	T085	C2348746
28007859	182	197	heteroresistant	T039	C1514892
28007859	198	259	vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (hVISA) strains	T007	C1318880
28007859	265	286	bloodstream infection	T046	C2316160
28007859	292	299	strains	T001	C1518614
28007859	307	316	mutations	T045	C0026882
28007859	320	325	vraSR	T028	C0017337
28007859	327	332	graSR	T028	C0017337
28007859	334	339	walKR	T028	C0017337
28007859	348	354	tcaRAB	T028	C0017337
28007859	398	405	mutated	T045	C0026882
28007859	416	421	genes	T028	C0017337
28007859	425	430	hVISA	T007	C1318880
28007859	431	441	phenotypes	T032	C0031437

28008174|t|Autologous transplant vs oral chemotherapy and lenalidomide in newly diagnosed young myeloma patients: a pooled analysis
28008174|a|In newly diagnosed myeloma patients, upfront autologous transplant (ASCT) prolongs progression-free survival 1 (PFS1) compared with chemotherapy plus lenalidomide (CC + R). Salvage ASCT at first relapse may still effectively rescue patients who did not receive upfront ASCT. To evaluate the long-term benefit of upfront ASCT vs CC + R and the impact of salvage ASCT in patients who received upfront CC + R, we conducted a pooled analysis of 2 phase III trials (RV-MM-209 and EMN-441). Primary endpoints were PFS1, progression-free survival 2 (PFS2), overall survival (OS). A total of 268 patients were randomized to 2 courses of melphalan 200 mg/m(2) and ASCT (MEL 200- ASCT) and 261 to CC + R. Median follow-up was 46 months. MEL 200- ASCT significantly improved PFS1 (median: 42 vs 24 months, HR 0.53; P<0.001), PFS2 (4 years: 71 vs 54%, HR 0.53, P<0.001) and OS (4 years: 84 vs 70%, HR 0.51, P<0.001) compared with CC + R. The advantage was noticed in good and bad prognosis patients. Only 53% of patients relapsing from CC + R received ASCT at first relapse. Upfront ASCT significantly reduced the risk of death (HR 0.51; P=0.007) in comparison with salvage ASCT. In conclusion, these data confirm the role of upfront ASCT as the standard approach for all young myeloma patients .Leukemia advance online publication, 24 January 2017; doi:10.1038/leu.2016.381.
28008174	0	21	Autologous transplant	T061	C0040736
28008174	25	42	oral chemotherapy	T061	C0419073
28008174	47	59	lenalidomide	T109,T121	C1144149
28008174	63	78	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
28008174	85	92	myeloma	T191	C0026764
28008174	93	101	patients	T101	C0030705
28008174	105	120	pooled analysis	T062	C0242481
28008174	124	139	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
28008174	140	147	myeloma	T191	C0026764
28008174	148	156	patients	T101	C0030705
28008174	158	187	upfront autologous transplant	T061	C0040736
28008174	189	193	ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	204	231	progression-free survival 1	T081	C0242792
28008174	233	237	PFS1	T081	C0242792
28008174	253	265	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28008174	271	283	lenalidomide	T109,T121	C1144149
28008174	285	287	CC	T061	C3665472
28008174	290	291	R	T109,T121	C1144149
28008174	294	301	Salvage	T061	C0085405
28008174	302	306	ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	316	323	relapse	T067	C0035020
28008174	353	361	patients	T101	C0030705
28008174	382	394	upfront ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	422	429	benefit	T081	C0814225
28008174	433	445	upfront ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	449	451	CC	T061	C3665472
28008174	454	455	R	T109,T121	C1144149
28008174	474	481	salvage	T061	C0085405
28008174	482	486	ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	490	498	patients	T101	C0030705
28008174	520	522	CC	T061	C3665472
28008174	525	526	R	T109,T121	C1144149
28008174	550	558	analysis	T062	C0936012
28008174	564	569	phase	T079	C1306673
28008174	574	580	trials	T062	C0008976
28008174	582	591	RV-MM-209	T062	C0242481
28008174	596	603	EMN-441	T062	C0242481
28008174	629	633	PFS1	T081	C0242792
28008174	635	662	progression-free survival 2	T081	C0242792
28008174	664	668	PFS2	T081	C0242792
28008174	671	687	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28008174	689	691	OS	T081	C4086681
28008174	709	717	patients	T101	C0030705
28008174	723	733	randomized	T062,T170	C0206034
28008174	750	759	melphalan	T116,T121	C0025241
28008174	776	780	ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	782	785	MEL	T116,T121	C0025241
28008174	791	795	ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	808	810	CC	T061	C3665472
28008174	813	814	R	T109,T121	C1144149
28008174	823	832	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28008174	840	846	months	T079	C0439231
28008174	848	851	MEL	T116,T121	C0025241
28008174	857	861	ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	885	889	PFS1	T081	C0242792
28008174	908	914	months	T079	C0439231
28008174	916	918	HR	T081	C2985465
28008174	935	939	PFS2	T081	C0242792
28008174	961	963	HR	T081	C2985465
28008174	983	985	OS	T081	C4086681
28008174	989	994	years	T079	C0439234
28008174	1007	1009	HR	T081	C2985465
28008174	1025	1033	compared	T052	C1707455
28008174	1039	1041	CC	T061	C3665472
28008174	1044	1045	R	T109,T121	C1144149
28008174	1089	1098	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28008174	1099	1107	patients	T101	C0030705
28008174	1121	1129	patients	T101	C0030705
28008174	1130	1139	relapsing	T067	C0035020
28008174	1145	1147	CC	T061	C3665472
28008174	1150	1151	R	T109,T121	C1144149
28008174	1161	1165	ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	1175	1182	relapse	T067	C0035020
28008174	1184	1196	Upfront ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	1223	1227	risk	T078	C0035647
28008174	1231	1236	death	T040	C0011065
28008174	1238	1240	HR	T081	C2985465
28008174	1259	1269	comparison	T052	C1707455
28008174	1275	1282	salvage	T061	C0085405
28008174	1283	1287	ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	1310	1314	data	T078	C1511726
28008174	1335	1347	upfront ASCT	T061	C0040736
28008174	1355	1372	standard approach	T082	C0449445
28008174	1387	1394	myeloma	T191	C0026764
28008174	1395	1403	patients	T101	C0030705

28008409|t|A Concurrent Case of Ménétrier's Disease and Signet Ring Carcinoma
28008409|a|Ménétrier's disease, also known as hyperplastic protein-losing gastropathy, is a rare, idiopathic, acquired, premalignant condition associated with gastric carcinoma. Its association with signet ring cell cancer of the stomach has been previously reported only twice. We present the third case of histologically confirmed concurrent Ménétrier's disease with signet ring carcinoma of the stomach, interrogated by esophagogastroduodenoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound.
28008409	2	12	Concurrent	T079	C0205420
28008409	13	17	Case	T169	C0868928
28008409	21	40	Ménétrier's Disease	T047	C0017155
28008409	45	66	Signet Ring Carcinoma	T191	C0206696
28008409	67	86	Ménétrier's disease	T047	C0017155
28008409	102	141	hyperplastic protein-losing gastropathy	T047	C0017155
28008409	148	152	rare	T080	C0522498
28008409	154	164	idiopathic	T169	C0332240
28008409	166	174	acquired	T080	C0439661
28008409	176	198	premalignant condition	T191	C0032927
28008409	199	214	associated with	T080	C0332281
28008409	215	232	gastric carcinoma	T191	C0699791
28008409	238	249	association	T080	C0439849
28008409	255	278	signet ring cell cancer	T191	C0206696
28008409	286	293	stomach	T023	C0038351
28008409	356	360	case	T169	C0868928
28008409	364	378	histologically	T169	C0205462
28008409	389	399	concurrent	T079	C0205420
28008409	400	419	Ménétrier's disease	T047	C0017155
28008409	425	446	signet ring carcinoma	T191	C0206696
28008409	454	461	stomach	T023	C0038351
28008409	479	505	esophagogastroduodenoscopy	T060	C0079304
28008409	510	531	endoscopic ultrasound	T060	C0376443

28008561|t|Endpoints for screening thyroid cancer in the Republic of Korea: thyroid specialists ' perspectives
28008561|a|Cancer screening is aimed primarily at reducing deaths from the specific cancer. Thyroid-specific cancer mortality may be the most ambitious endpoint for obtaining estimates of screening effect. Numerous observations have accumulated over the years, indicating that thyroid cancer mortality endpoint has been difficult to study and is confounded by population heterogeneity, provision of randomization, and requirement of large cohorts with sufficiently long follow-up due to the excellent prognosis of the cancer. Accordingly, it may be important to reconsider how to best measure thyroid cancer screening efficacy. Recommendations against thyroid cancer screening should be based upon trials designed to evaluate its effectiveness not only in significant reduction in cancer mortality, but also of other distinct endpoint s. It is desirable to evaluate derivative endpoints that can reliably predict reductions in mortality. The term "derivative" means a variable that is related to the true endpoint and is likely to be observable before the primary endpoint. Derivative endpoints may include thyroid cancer incidence, the proportion of early-stage tumors detected, more treatable stage, the identification of small tumors (to maintain in observation), decrease in the number of people who develop metastatic disease, the increased chance of lesser extent surgery, and the application of minimally invasive approaches, as well as no need for lifelong thyroid replacement therapy, a consistent follow-up, low-dose or no RAI administration and risk factor assessments where case findings should be continuous. The Korean guidelines for thyroid cancer national-level screening were published by a relevant group of multidisciplinary thyroid experts. It was concluded that the evidence is insufficient to balance the benefits and harms of thyroid cancer screening. However, the paper seems to raise the necessary investments in future research and demand a complete analysis for derivative endpoints, and offer screening participants with complete information necessary to make decisions that will provide them with the most value when a small thyroid cancer is screen- identified.
28008561	0	9	Endpoints	T080	C2349179
28008561	14	23	screening	T060	C0199230
28008561	24	38	thyroid cancer	T191	C0549473
28008561	46	63	Republic of Korea	T083	C0022773
28008561	65	72	thyroid	T023	C0040132
28008561	73	84	specialists	T097	C1611835
28008561	87	99	perspectives	T041	C0030971
28008561	100	116	Cancer screening	T060	C0199230
28008561	139	147	reducing	T080	C0392756
28008561	148	154	deaths	T033	C1306577
28008561	173	179	cancer	T191	C0006826
28008561	181	204	Thyroid-specific cancer	T191	C0549473
28008561	205	214	mortality	T081	C0681679
28008561	241	249	endpoint	T080	C2349179
28008561	264	273	estimates	T081	C0750572
28008561	277	286	screening	T058	C1710032
28008561	287	293	effect	T080	C1280500
28008561	295	303	Numerous	T081	C0439064
28008561	304	316	observations	T060	C1964257
28008561	322	333	accumulated	T033	C4055506
28008561	366	380	thyroid cancer	T191	C0549473
28008561	381	390	mortality	T081	C0681679
28008561	391	399	endpoint	T080	C2349179
28008561	409	418	difficult	T080	C0332218
28008561	449	473	population heterogeneity	T102	C0086833
28008561	475	484	provision	T058	C1283218
28008561	488	501	randomization	T062	C0034656
28008561	507	518	requirement	T169	C1514873
28008561	528	535	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28008561	554	568	long follow-up	T058	C1517942
28008561	580	589	excellent	T080	C1961136
28008561	590	613	prognosis of the cancer	T201	C1516221
28008561	638	647	important	T080	C3898777
28008561	682	696	thyroid cancer	T191	C0549473
28008561	697	706	screening	T060	C0199230
28008561	707	715	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28008561	717	732	Recommendations	T078	C0034866
28008561	741	755	thyroid cancer	T191	C0549473
28008561	756	765	screening	T060	C0199230
28008561	819	832	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28008561	845	866	significant reduction	T080	C0392756
28008561	870	876	cancer	T191	C0549473
28008561	877	886	mortality	T081	C0681679
28008561	915	923	endpoint	T080	C2349179
28008561	966	975	endpoints	T080	C2349179
28008561	1002	1025	reductions in mortality	T081	C0282251
28008561	1094	1102	endpoint	T080	C2349179
28008561	1153	1161	endpoint	T080	C2349179
28008561	1174	1183	endpoints	T080	C2349179
28008561	1196	1210	thyroid cancer	T191	C0549473
28008561	1211	1220	incidence	T081	C0021149
28008561	1226	1236	proportion	T081	C1709707
28008561	1240	1251	early-stage	T079	C2363430
28008561	1252	1258	tumors	T191	C0027651
28008561	1259	1267	detected	T033	C0442726
28008561	1274	1289	treatable stage	T201	C1300072
28008561	1295	1309	identification	T080	C0205396
28008561	1313	1325	small tumors	T080	C0475277
28008561	1356	1388	decrease in the number of people	T058	C0509797
28008561	1401	1419	metastatic disease	T191	C0027627
28008561	1425	1434	increased	T081	C0205217
28008561	1459	1466	surgery	T061	C0543467
28008561	1491	1520	minimally invasive approaches	T169	C2711297
28008561	1545	1553	lifelong	T079	C4274169
28008561	1554	1581	thyroid replacement therapy	T061	C2242640
28008561	1585	1595	consistent	T078	C0332290
28008561	1596	1605	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28008561	1607	1615	low-dose	T081	C0445550
28008561	1622	1640	RAI administration	T060	C0203778
28008561	1645	1668	risk factor assessments	T170	C2983699
28008561	1675	1688	case findings	T058	C1444481
28008561	1699	1709	continuous	T078	C0549178
28008561	1715	1721	Korean	T098	C1556095
28008561	1715	1732	Korean guidelines	T170	C0162791
28008561	1737	1751	thyroid cancer	T191	C0549473
28008561	1752	1766	national-level	T082	C0681788
28008561	1767	1776	screening	T058	C0220908
28008561	1815	1848	multidisciplinary thyroid experts	T060	C0729737
28008561	1876	1900	evidence is insufficient	T169	C3858734
28008561	1916	1924	benefits	T081	C0814225
28008561	1938	1952	thyroid cancer	T191	C0549473
28008561	1953	1962	screening	T060	C0199230
28008561	2034	2042	research	T062	C0035168
28008561	2056	2064	complete	T080	C0205197
28008561	2065	2073	analysis	T062	C0936012
28008561	2089	2098	endpoints	T080	C2349179
28008561	2110	2119	screening	T058	C0220908
28008561	2120	2132	participants	T098	C0679646
28008561	2147	2158	information	T078	C1533716
28008561	2169	2186	to make decisions	T041	C0679006
28008561	2243	2257	thyroid cancer	T191	C0549473
28008561	2269	2279	identified	T080	C0205396

28009049|t|Zebrafish adult pigment stem cells are multipotent and form pigment cells by a progressive fate restriction process: Clonal analysis identifies shared origin of all pigment cell types
28009049|a|Skin pigment pattern formation is a paradigmatic example of pattern formation. In zebrafish, the adult body stripes are generated by coordinated rearrangement of three distinct pigment cell-types, black melanocytes, shiny iridophores and yellow xanthophores. A stem cell origin of melanocytes and iridophores has been proposed although the potency of those stem cells has remained unclear. Xanthophores, however, seemed to originate predominantly from proliferation of embryonic xanthophores. Now, data from Singh et al. shows that all three cell-types derive from shared stem cells, and that these cells generate peripheral neural cell-types too. Furthermore, clonal compositions are best explained by a progressive fate restriction model generating the individual cell-types. The numbers of adult pigment stem cells associated with the dorsal root ganglia remain low, but progenitor numbers increase significantly during larval development up to metamorphosis, likely via production of partially restricted progenitors on the spinal nerves.
28009049	0	9	Zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28009049	10	34	adult pigment stem cells	T025	C1171322
28009049	39	50	multipotent	T025	C1136335
28009049	55	73	form pigment cells	T025	C0440745
28009049	79	90	progressive	T169	C0205329
28009049	91	115	fate restriction process	T043	C1160037
28009049	117	132	Clonal analysis	T060	C0796368
28009049	133	143	identifies	T080	C0205396
28009049	165	183	pigment cell types	T025	C0440745
28009049	184	196	Skin pigment	T033	C1269684
28009049	197	214	pattern formation	T040	C1160421
28009049	220	232	paradigmatic	T061	C0679667
28009049	244	261	pattern formation	T040	C1160421
28009049	266	275	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28009049	281	286	adult	T100	C0596090
28009049	287	299	body stripes	T023	C0229962
28009049	304	313	generated	T052	C1706214
28009049	317	328	coordinated	T169	C0700114
28009049	329	342	rearrangement	T043	C0007613
28009049	346	351	three	T081	C0205449
28009049	361	379	pigment cell-types	T025	C0440745
28009049	381	386	black	T080	C0439541
28009049	387	398	melanocytes	T025	C0025201
28009049	400	405	shiny	T080	C0205556
28009049	406	417	iridophores	T025	C0007634
28009049	422	428	yellow	T080	C0221205
28009049	429	441	xanthophores	T025	C0007634
28009049	445	461	stem cell origin	T025	C0038250
28009049	465	476	melanocytes	T025	C0025201
28009049	481	492	iridophores	T025	C0007634
28009049	524	531	potency	T080	C3245505
28009049	541	551	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28009049	556	564	remained	T080	C1527428
28009049	565	572	unclear	T033	C3845108
28009049	574	586	Xanthophores	T025	C0007634
28009049	617	630	predominantly	T080	C1542147
28009049	636	649	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28009049	653	662	embryonic	T018	C0013935
28009049	663	675	xanthophores	T025	C0007634
28009049	682	686	data	T078	C1511726
28009049	720	725	three	T081	C0205449
28009049	726	736	cell-types	T025	C0007634
28009049	737	743	derive	T080	C1441547
28009049	756	766	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28009049	783	788	cells	T025	C0007634
28009049	789	797	generate	T052	C1706214
28009049	798	808	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28009049	809	826	neural cell-types	T025	C1113654
28009049	845	851	clonal	T024	C1522642
28009049	852	864	compositions	T080	C0205556
28009049	889	900	progressive	T169	C0205329
28009049	901	923	fate restriction model	T043	C1160037
28009049	924	934	generating	T052	C1706214
28009049	939	949	individual	T080	C1705242
28009049	950	960	cell-types	T025	C0007634
28009049	966	973	numbers	T081	C0237753
28009049	977	1001	adult pigment stem cells	T025	C1171322
28009049	1002	1017	associated with	T080	C0332281
28009049	1022	1041	dorsal root ganglia	T023	C0017070
28009049	1042	1048	remain	T033	C0243095
28009049	1049	1052	low	T080	C0205251
28009049	1058	1068	progenitor	T025	C0038250
28009049	1069	1076	numbers	T081	C0237753
28009049	1077	1085	increase	T169	C0442805
28009049	1100	1106	during	T079	C0347984
28009049	1107	1125	larval development	T040	C1160209
28009049	1132	1145	metamorphosis	T040	C0277806
28009049	1172	1181	partially	T081	C0728938
28009049	1182	1192	restricted	T169	C0443288
28009049	1193	1204	progenitors	T025	C0038250
28009049	1212	1225	spinal nerves	T023	C0037941

28009593|t|A Rasch Rating Scale Analysis of the Presence of Nursing Scale - RN
28009593|a|The phenomenon of nursing presence encompasses the emotional connection between nurse and patient, and technical skills performed by the nurse. The Presence of Nursing Scale - RN version (PONS - RN) was developed to measure nurses' perceptions of their ability to be present to their patients. This study summarizes the process of re-evaluation of the psychometric properties of the PONS - RN instrument. A sample of 76 registered nurses providing direct patient care responded to the 31- item questionnaire. The Rasch rating scale model was used for assessing construct validity of PONS - RN data. A principal component analysis (PCA) of residuals supported appropriateness of the subscales defined by a 2-dimensional structure. The results of item and person fit analysis, rating scale functioning analysis and reliability analysis have demonstrated that the thirty-one item Presence of Nursing Scale - RN instrument yielded measures with high validity and reliability as two sub-scales. Jou rn
28009593	2	20	Rasch Rating Scale	T062,T170	C0871207
28009593	21	29	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28009593	37	45	Presence	T033	C0150312
28009593	49	56	Nursing	T091	C0028677
28009593	57	62	Scale	T081,T170	C0681889
28009593	65	67	RN	T097	C0687673
28009593	72	82	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28009593	86	93	nursing	T091	C0028677
28009593	94	102	presence	T033	C0150312
28009593	119	128	emotional	T033	C0849912
28009593	129	139	connection	T082	C0449379
28009593	148	153	nurse	T097	C0028661
28009593	158	165	patient	T101	C0030705
28009593	171	187	technical skills	T169	C0449851
28009593	188	197	performed	T169	C0884358
28009593	205	210	nurse	T097	C0028661
28009593	216	224	Presence	T033	C0150312
28009593	228	235	Nursing	T091	C0028677
28009593	236	241	Scale	T081,T170	C0681889
28009593	244	246	RN	T097	C0687673
28009593	247	254	version	T170	C0333052
28009593	256	260	PONS	T081,T170	C0681889
28009593	263	265	RN	T097	C0687673
28009593	271	280	developed	T169	C1527148
28009593	284	291	measure	T081	C0079809
28009593	292	299	nurses'	T097	C0028661
28009593	300	311	perceptions	T041	C0030971
28009593	321	328	ability	T032	C0085732
28009593	335	342	present	T033	C0150312
28009593	352	360	patients	T101	C0030705
28009593	367	372	study	T062	C2603343
28009593	373	383	summarizes	T170	C1706244
28009593	388	395	process	T067	C1522240
28009593	399	412	re-evaluation	T062	C0681840
28009593	420	443	psychometric properties	T060	C0033920
28009593	451	455	PONS	T081,T170	C0681889
28009593	458	460	RN	T097	C0687673
28009593	475	481	sample	T098	C1257890
28009593	488	505	registered nurses	T097	C0687673
28009593	506	515	providing	T052	C1999230
28009593	516	522	direct	T080	C1947931
28009593	523	535	patient care	T058	C0017313
28009593	536	545	responded	T041	C2911692
28009593	557	561	item	T071	C1551338
28009593	562	575	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28009593	581	605	Rasch rating scale model	T062,T170	C0871207
28009593	619	628	assessing	T058	C0184514
28009593	629	647	construct validity	T080	C0681897
28009593	651	655	PONS	T081,T170	C0681889
28009593	658	660	RN	T097	C0687673
28009593	661	665	data	T078	C1511726
28009593	669	697	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
28009593	699	702	PCA	T081	C0429865
28009593	707	716	residuals	T080	C1609982
28009593	717	726	supported	T077	C1521721
28009593	727	742	appropriateness	T080	C0814634
28009593	750	759	subscales	T081	C0459443
28009593	773	786	2-dimensional	T082	C1705052
28009593	787	796	structure	T082	C0678594
28009593	802	809	results	T033	C0683954
28009593	813	817	item	T071	C1551338
28009593	822	828	person	T098	C0027361
28009593	829	832	fit	T052	C2349186
28009593	833	841	analysis	T062	C0936012
28009593	843	855	rating scale	T081,T170	C0681889
28009593	856	867	functioning	T169	C0205245
28009593	868	876	analysis	T062	C0936012
28009593	881	901	reliability analysis	UnknownType	C0814892
28009593	907	919	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
28009593	940	944	item	T071	C1551338
28009593	945	953	Presence	T033	C0150312
28009593	957	964	Nursing	T091	C0028677
28009593	965	970	Scale	T081,T170	C0681889
28009593	973	975	RN	T097	C0687673
28009593	995	1003	measures	T081	C0079809
28009593	1009	1013	high	T080	C0205250
28009593	1014	1038	validity and reliability	UnknownType	C0814892
28009593	1046	1056	sub-scales	T081	C0459443
28009593	1062	1064	rn	T097	C0687673

28009695|t|Elastin Is Differentially Regulated by Pressure Therapy in a Porcine Model of Hypertrophic Scar
28009695|a|Beneficial effects of pressure therapy for hypertrophic scars have been reported, but the mechanisms of action are not fully understood. This study evaluated elastin and its contribution to scar pliability. The relationship between changes in Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores of pressure-treated scars and differential regulation of elastin was assessed. Hypertrophic scars were created and assessed weekly using VSS and biopsy procurement. Pressure treatment began on day 70 postinjury. Treated scars were compared with untreated shams. Treatment lasted 2 weeks, through day 84, and scars were assessed weekly through day 126. Transcript and protein levels of elastin were quantified. Pressure treatment resulted in lower VSS scores compared with sham-treated scars. Pliability (VSSP) was a key contributor to this difference. At day 70 pretreatment, VSSP = 2. Without treatment, sham-treated scars became less pliable, while pressure-treated scars became more pliable. The percentage of elastin in scars at day 70 was higher than in uninjured skin. Following treatment, the percentage of elastin increased and continued to increase through day 126. Untreated sham scars did not show a similar increase. Quantification of Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining corroborated the findings and immunofluorescence revealed the alignment of elastin fibers. Pressure treatment results in increased protein level expression of elastin compared with sham -untreated scars. These findings further characterize the extracellular matrix's response to the application of pressure as a scar treatment, which will contribute to the refinement of rehabilitation practices and ultimately improvements in functional and psychosocial outcomes for patients.
28009695	0	7	Elastin	T116	C0013765
28009695	11	35	Differentially Regulated	T045	C2755857
28009695	39	55	Pressure Therapy	T061	C1956078
28009695	61	68	Porcine	T015	C3665571
28009695	69	74	Model	T008	C0599779
28009695	78	95	Hypertrophic Scar	T020	C0162810
28009695	96	114	Beneficial effects	T080	C1280500
28009695	118	134	pressure therapy	T061	C1956078
28009695	139	157	hypertrophic scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	186	196	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28009695	238	243	study	T062	C2603343
28009695	254	261	elastin	T116	C0013765
28009695	286	290	scar	T020	C0162810
28009695	291	301	pliability	T080	C0242808
28009695	307	319	relationship	T080	C0439849
28009695	339	359	Vancouver Scar Scale	T170	C0349674
28009695	361	364	VSS	T170	C0349674
28009695	366	372	scores	T081	C0449820
28009695	376	392	pressure-treated	T061	C1956078
28009695	393	398	scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	430	437	elastin	T116	C0013765
28009695	452	470	Hypertrophic scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	497	503	weekly	T079	C0332174
28009695	510	513	VSS	T170	C0349674
28009695	518	524	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28009695	525	536	procurement	T033	C0243095
28009695	538	556	Pressure treatment	T061	C1956078
28009695	566	569	day	T079	C0439228
28009695	573	583	postinjury	T079	C1254367
28009695	585	592	Treated	T061	C0087111
28009695	593	598	scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	604	612	compared	T052	C1707455
28009695	628	633	shams	T061	C0032042
28009695	635	644	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28009695	654	659	weeks	T079	C0439230
28009695	669	672	day	T079	C0439228
28009695	681	686	scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	701	707	weekly	T079	C0332174
28009695	716	719	day	T079	C0439228
28009695	725	735	Transcript	T114	C1519595
28009695	740	754	protein levels	T034	C0428479
28009695	758	765	elastin	T116	C0013765
28009695	771	781	quantified	T081	C1709793
28009695	783	801	Pressure treatment	T061	C1956078
28009695	820	823	VSS	T170	C0349674
28009695	824	830	scores	T081	C0449820
28009695	831	839	compared	T052	C1707455
28009695	845	857	sham-treated	T061	C0032042
28009695	858	863	scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	865	875	Pliability	T080	C0242808
28009695	877	881	VSSP	T080	C0242808
28009695	928	931	day	T079	C0439228
28009695	935	947	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
28009695	949	953	VSSP	T080	C0242808
28009695	959	976	Without treatment	T061	C0032042
28009695	978	990	sham-treated	T061	C0032042
28009695	991	996	scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	1009	1016	pliable	T080	C0242808
28009695	1024	1040	pressure-treated	T061	C1956078
28009695	1041	1046	scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	1059	1066	pliable	T080	C0242808
28009695	1086	1093	elastin	T116	C0013765
28009695	1097	1102	scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	1106	1109	day	T079	C0439228
28009695	1132	1146	uninjured skin	T022	C1123023
28009695	1158	1167	treatment	T061	C0087111
28009695	1187	1194	elastin	T116	C0013765
28009695	1195	1204	increased	T081	C0205217
28009695	1222	1230	increase	T169	C0442805
28009695	1239	1242	day	T079	C0439228
28009695	1258	1262	sham	T061	C0032042
28009695	1263	1268	scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	1292	1300	increase	T169	C0442805
28009695	1302	1316	Quantification	T081	C1709793
28009695	1320	1348	Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining	T059	C1294321
28009695	1366	1374	findings	T033	C0243095
28009695	1379	1397	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
28009695	1411	1420	alignment	T081	C1706765
28009695	1424	1438	elastin fibers	T116	C0013765
28009695	1440	1458	Pressure treatment	T061	C1956078
28009695	1470	1479	increased	T081	C0205217
28009695	1480	1504	protein level expression	T045	C1171362
28009695	1508	1515	elastin	T116	C0013765
28009695	1516	1524	compared	T052	C1707455
28009695	1530	1534	sham	T061	C0032042
28009695	1546	1551	scars	T020	C0162810
28009695	1559	1567	findings	T033	C0243095
28009695	1593	1615	extracellular matrix's	T024	C0015350
28009695	1647	1655	pressure	T067	C0033095
28009695	1661	1665	scar	T020	C0162810
28009695	1666	1675	treatment	T061	C0087111
28009695	1720	1734	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
28009695	1760	1772	improvements	T077	C2986411
28009695	1776	1786	functional	T169	C0205245
28009695	1791	1803	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
28009695	1804	1812	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28009695	1817	1825	patients	T101	C0030705

28010062|t|Covalent Modulators of the Vacuolar ATPase
28010062|a|The vacuolar H(+) ATPase (V-ATPase) is a complex multisubunit machine that regulates important cellular processes through controlling acidity of intracellular compartments in eukaryotes. Existing small-molecule modulators of V-ATPase either are restricted to targeting one membranous subunit of V-ATPase or have poorly understood mechanisms of action. Small molecules with novel and defined mechanisms of inhibition are thus needed to functionally characterize V-ATPase and to fully evaluate the therapeutic relevance of V-ATPase in human diseases. We have discovered electrophilic quinazolines that covalently modify a soluble catalytic subunit of V-ATPase with high potency and exquisite proteomic selectivity as revealed by fluorescence imaging and chemical proteomic activity-based profiling. The site of covalent modification was mapped to a cysteine residue located in a region of V-ATPase subunit A that is thought to regulate the dissociation of V-ATPase. We further demonstrate that a previously reported V-ATPase inhibitor, 3-bromopyruvate, also targets the same cysteine residue and that our electrophilic quinazolines modulate the function of V-ATPase in cells. With their well-defined mechanism of action and high proteomic specificity, the described quinazolines offer a powerful set of chemical probes to investigate the physiological and pathological roles of V-ATPase.
28010062	0	19	Covalent Modulators	T121	C1254351
28010062	27	42	Vacuolar ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	47	67	vacuolar H(+) ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	69	77	V-ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	84	91	complex	T104	C1704241
28010062	105	112	machine	T169	C0449913
28010062	118	127	regulates	T038	C1327622
28010062	138	156	cellular processes	T043	C0007613
28010062	165	176	controlling	T169	C2587213
28010062	177	184	acidity	T081	C0920750
28010062	188	201	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28010062	202	214	compartments	T017	C2349967
28010062	218	228	eukaryotes	T204	C0684063
28010062	239	253	small-molecule	T109	C1328819
28010062	254	264	modulators	T121	C1254351
28010062	268	276	V-ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	288	298	restricted	T169	C0443288
28010062	302	311	targeting	T043	C0599894
28010062	316	326	membranous	T080	C0205287
28010062	327	334	subunit	T081	C1711351
28010062	338	346	V-ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	362	372	understood	T041	C0162340
28010062	373	383	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28010062	395	410	Small molecules	T109	C1328819
28010062	416	421	novel	T080	C0205314
28010062	426	433	defined	T080	C0442825
28010062	434	444	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28010062	448	458	inhibition	T044	C1148560
28010062	468	474	needed	T080	C0027552
28010062	478	490	functionally	T169	C0205245
28010062	491	503	characterize	T052	C1880022
28010062	504	512	V-ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	539	550	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28010062	551	560	relevance	T080	C2347946
28010062	564	572	V-ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	576	581	human	T016	C0086418
28010062	582	590	diseases	T047	C0012634
28010062	611	624	electrophilic	T080	C0205556
28010062	625	637	quinazolines	T109	C0034407
28010062	643	660	covalently modify	T044	C3158388
28010062	663	670	soluble	T080	C1948047
28010062	671	688	catalytic subunit	T087	C0600499
28010062	692	700	V-ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	706	710	high	T080	C0205250
28010062	711	718	potency	T081	C3854080
28010062	733	754	proteomic selectivity	T080	C0205556
28010062	758	766	revealed	T080	C0443289
28010062	770	790	fluorescence imaging	T060	C0430876
28010062	795	838	chemical proteomic activity-based profiling	T059	C1327760
28010062	844	848	site	T082	C0205145
28010062	861	873	modification	T169	C0392747
28010062	878	884	mapped	T052	C1283195
28010062	890	898	cysteine	T116,T123	C0010654
28010062	899	906	residue	T077	C1709915
28010062	907	917	located in	T082	C0332285
28010062	920	926	region	T087	C1514562
28010062	930	938	V-ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	939	948	subunit A	T116	C0599220
28010062	957	964	thought	T041	C0039869
28010062	968	976	regulate	T038	C1327622
28010062	981	993	dissociation	T044	C0301643
28010062	997	1005	V-ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	1057	1075	V-ATPase inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28010062	1077	1092	3-bromopyruvate	T109,T130	C0054130
28010062	1099	1106	targets	T169	C1521840
28010062	1111	1115	same	T080	C0445247
28010062	1116	1124	cysteine	T116,T123	C0010654
28010062	1125	1132	residue	T077	C1709915
28010062	1146	1159	electrophilic	T080	C0205556
28010062	1160	1172	quinazolines	T109	C0034407
28010062	1173	1181	modulate	T082	C0443264
28010062	1186	1194	function	T169	C0542341
28010062	1198	1206	V-ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099
28010062	1210	1215	cells	T025	C0007634
28010062	1228	1240	well-defined	T080	C0442825
28010062	1241	1250	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28010062	1254	1260	action	T052	C3266814
28010062	1265	1269	high	T080	C0205250
28010062	1270	1291	proteomic specificity	T081	C0037791
28010062	1307	1319	quinazolines	T109	C0034407
28010062	1328	1336	powerful	T081	C3854080
28010062	1337	1340	set	T077	C1705195
28010062	1344	1359	chemical probes	T120	C2347609
28010062	1363	1374	investigate	T169	C1292732
28010062	1379	1392	physiological	T169	C0205463
28010062	1397	1409	pathological	T169	C1521733
28010062	1410	1415	roles	T077	C1705810
28010062	1419	1427	V-ATPase	T116,T126	C0379099

28010143|t|Chikungunya Virus Infection Manifesting as Intermediate Uveitis
28010143|a|To describe a case of intermediate uveitis caused by chikungunya virus infection in the Western Hemisphere. Case report of a patient diagnosed with chikungunya infection presenting with blurry vision and floaters. Exam revealed a unilateral intermediate uveitis, with an extensive work-up positive for chikungunya virus immunoglobulin M and G titers. The patient responded to oral corticosteroids with signs and symptoms resolving over the course of 3 months ' treatment. While anterior uveitis and retinitis are the most common ocular manifestations of chikungunya infection, we report here a case of chikungunya infection presenting as an intermediate uveitis, responding well to oral corticosteroids. This case demonstrates the varied presentation of chikungunya -related uveitis and highlights its consideration in the differential diagnoses of those who have had preceding systemic viral symptoms and uveitis.
28010143	0	17	Chikungunya Virus	T005	C0008056
28010143	18	27	Infection	T046	C3714514
28010143	28	39	Manifesting	T169	C0205319
28010143	43	63	Intermediate Uveitis	T047	C0042166
28010143	78	82	case	T077	C1706256
28010143	86	106	intermediate uveitis	T047	C0042166
28010143	117	134	chikungunya virus	T005	C0008056
28010143	135	144	infection	T046	C3714514
28010143	152	170	Western Hemisphere	UnknownType	C0681784
28010143	172	183	Case report	T170	C0085973
28010143	189	196	patient	T101	C0030705
28010143	197	206	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28010143	212	223	chikungunya	T005	C0008056
28010143	224	233	infection	T046	C3714514
28010143	250	263	blurry vision	T184	C0344232
28010143	268	276	floaters	T184	C0497199
28010143	294	304	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28010143	305	325	intermediate uveitis	T047	C0042166
28010143	335	344	extensive	T080	C0205231
28010143	345	352	work-up	T060	C0750430
28010143	353	361	positive	T033	C1446409
28010143	366	383	chikungunya virus	T005	C0008056
28010143	384	400	immunoglobulin M	T116,T129	C0020861
28010143	405	406	G	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
28010143	407	413	titers	T081	C0475208
28010143	419	426	patient	T101	C0030705
28010143	427	436	responded	T033	C1704632
28010143	440	444	oral	T082	C0442027
28010143	445	460	corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28010143	466	484	signs and symptoms	T184	C0037088
28010143	485	494	resolving	T077	C1709864
28010143	504	510	course	T079	C0750729
28010143	516	522	months	T079	C0439231
28010143	525	534	treatment	T061	C0087111
28010143	542	558	anterior uveitis	T047	C0042165
28010143	563	572	retinitis	T047	C0035333
28010143	593	614	ocular manifestations	T184	C0015411
28010143	618	629	chikungunya	T005	C0008056
28010143	630	639	infection	T046	C3714514
28010143	658	662	case	T077	C1706256
28010143	666	677	chikungunya	T005	C0008056
28010143	678	687	infection	T046	C3714514
28010143	705	725	intermediate uveitis	T047	C0042166
28010143	727	737	responding	T033	C1704632
28010143	746	750	oral	T082	C0442027
28010143	751	766	corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28010143	773	777	case	T077	C1706256
28010143	778	790	demonstrates	T052	C3687625
28010143	802	814	presentation	T078	C0449450
28010143	818	829	chikungunya	T005	C0008056
28010143	839	846	uveitis	T047	C0042164
28010143	866	879	consideration	T033	C0518609
28010143	887	909	differential diagnoses	T060	C0011906
28010143	942	950	systemic	T169	C0205373
28010143	951	965	viral symptoms	T184	C1457887
28010143	970	977	uveitis	T047	C0042164

28010951|t|Utility of Ward-Based Retinal Photography in Stroke Patients
28010951|a|Improvements in acute care of stroke patients have decreased mortality, but survivors are still at increased risk of future vascular events and mitigation of this risk requires thorough assessment of the underlying factors leading to the stroke. The brain and eye share a common embryological origin and numerous similarities exist between the small vessels of the retina and brain. Recent population-based studies have demonstrated a close link between retina l vascular changes and stroke, suggesting that retinal photography could have utility in assessing underlying stroke risk factors and prognosis after stroke. Modern imaging equipment can facilitate precise measurement and monitoring of vascular features. However, use of this equipment is a challenge in the stroke ward setting as patients are frequently unable to maintain the required seated position, and pupil dilatation is often not feasible as it could potentially obscure important neurological signs of stroke progression. This small study investigated the utility of a novel handheld, nonmydriatic retinal camera in the stroke ward and explored associations between retinal vascular features and stroke risk factors. This camera circumvented the practical limitations of conducting retinal photography in the stroke ward setting. A positive correlation was found between carotid disease and both mean width of arterioles (r = .40, P = .00571) and venules (r = .30, P = .0381). The results provide further evidence that retinal vascular features are clinically informative about underlying stroke risk factors and demonstrate the utility of handheld retinal photography in the stroke ward.
28010951	0	7	Utility	T169	C0457083
28010951	11	21	Ward-Based	T073,T093	C1305702
28010951	22	41	Retinal Photography	T060	C0559963
28010951	45	60	Stroke Patients	T033	C3549704
28010951	61	73	Improvements	T057	C2936612
28010951	77	87	acute care	T058	C0679878
28010951	91	106	stroke patients	T033	C3549704
28010951	112	121	decreased	T081	C0205216
28010951	122	131	mortality	T081	C0178686
28010951	137	146	survivors	T101	C0206194
28010951	160	169	increased	T081	C0205217
28010951	170	174	risk	T078	C0035647
28010951	178	184	future	T079	C0016884
28010951	185	200	vascular events	T033	C1558950
28010951	205	215	mitigation	T067	C1553901
28010951	224	228	risk	T078	C0035647
28010951	247	257	assessment	T058	C0220825
28010951	276	283	factors	T169	C1521761
28010951	299	305	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	311	316	brain	T023	C0006104
28010951	321	324	eye	T023	C0015392
28010951	333	339	common	T169	C1522138
28010951	340	360	embryological origin	T018	C0013948
28010951	365	373	numerous	T081	C0439064
28010951	374	386	similarities	T080	C2348205
28010951	405	418	small vessels	T023	C0225988
28010951	426	432	retina	T023	C0035298
28010951	437	442	brain	T023	C0006104
28010951	451	475	population-based studies	T062	C0681876
28010951	481	493	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
28010951	515	521	retina	T023	C0035298
28010951	524	532	vascular	T080	C1801960
28010951	545	551	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	553	563	suggesting	T078	C1705535
28010951	569	588	retinal photography	T060	C0559963
28010951	600	607	utility	T169	C0457083
28010951	611	620	assessing	T052	C1516048
28010951	632	638	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	639	643	risk	T078	C0035647
28010951	644	651	factors	T169	C1521761
28010951	656	665	prognosis	T201	C0420834
28010951	672	678	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	680	704	Modern imaging equipment	T074	C0687651
28010951	728	739	measurement	T169	C0242485
28010951	744	754	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28010951	758	766	vascular	T080	C1801960
28010951	767	775	features	T080	C2348519
28010951	798	807	equipment	T074	C0687651
28010951	813	822	challenge	T058	C0805586
28010951	830	836	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	837	849	ward setting	T073,T093	C1305702
28010951	853	861	patients	T101	C0030705
28010951	866	876	frequently	T079	C0332183
28010951	909	924	seated position	T033	C4042775
28010951	930	946	pupil dilatation	T060	C3267125
28010951	960	968	feasible	T033	C0332149
28010951	981	992	potentially	T080	C3245505
28010951	993	1000	obscure	T080	C0443189
28010951	1001	1010	important	T080	C3898777
28010951	1011	1023	neurological	T080	C0205494
28010951	1024	1029	signs	T184	C0037088
28010951	1033	1039	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	1040	1051	progression	T169	C0449258
28010951	1064	1069	study	T062	C2603343
28010951	1070	1082	investigated	T169	C1292732
28010951	1087	1094	utility	T169	C0457083
28010951	1106	1114	handheld	T073	C0872183
28010951	1116	1143	nonmydriatic retinal camera	T074	C0179533
28010951	1151	1157	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	1158	1162	ward	T073,T093	C1305702
28010951	1176	1188	associations	T080	C0439849
28010951	1197	1204	retinal	T023	C0035298
28010951	1205	1213	vascular	T080	C1801960
28010951	1214	1222	features	T080	C2348519
28010951	1227	1233	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	1234	1238	risk	T078	C0035647
28010951	1239	1246	factors	T169	C1521761
28010951	1253	1259	camera	T074	C0179533
28010951	1260	1272	circumvented	T058	C0509202
28010951	1277	1298	practical limitations	T169	C0449295
28010951	1313	1332	retinal photography	T060	C0559963
28010951	1340	1346	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	1347	1351	ward	T073,T093	C1305702
28010951	1352	1359	setting	T078	C1552652
28010951	1363	1371	positive	T033	C1446409
28010951	1372	1383	correlation	T080	C1707520
28010951	1402	1417	carotid disease	T047	C0741975
28010951	1427	1431	mean	T081	C0444504
28010951	1432	1437	width	T081	C0487742
28010951	1441	1451	arterioles	T023	C0003847
28010951	1478	1485	venules	T023	C0042520
28010951	1512	1519	results	T033	C0683954
28010951	1520	1527	provide	T058	C0514822
28010951	1536	1544	evidence	T078	C3887511
28010951	1550	1557	retinal	T023	C0035298
28010951	1558	1566	vascular	T080	C1801960
28010951	1567	1575	features	T080	C2348519
28010951	1580	1590	clinically	T080	C0205210
28010951	1591	1602	informative	T080	C2986490
28010951	1620	1626	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	1627	1631	risk	T078	C0035647
28010951	1632	1639	factors	T169	C1521761
28010951	1660	1667	utility	T169	C0457083
28010951	1671	1679	handheld	T073	C0872183
28010951	1680	1699	retinal photography	T060	C0559963
28010951	1707	1713	stroke	T047	C0038454
28010951	1714	1718	ward	T073,T093	C1305702

28011044|t|Association of Radiomics and Metabolic Tumor Volumes in Radiation Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme
28011044|a|To build a framework for investigation of the associations between imaging, clinical target volumes (CTVs), and metabolic tumor volumes (MTVs) features for better understanding of the underlying information in the CTVs and dependencies between these volumes. High-throughput extraction of imaging and metabolomic quantitative features from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) results in tens of variables per patient. In radiation therapy of GBM the relevant metabolic tumor volumes (MTVs) are related to aberrant levels of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and choline (Cho). The corresponding clinical target volumes (CTVs) for radiation therapy are based on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted (CE-T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w)/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI. Necrotic portions, enhancing lesion, and edema were manually contoured on CE-T1w / T2w images for 17 GBM patients. Clinical target volumes and MTVs for NAA (MTVNAA) and Cho (MTVCho) were constructed. Imaging and metabolic features related to size, shape, and signal intensities of the volumes were extracted. Tumors were also scored categorically for 10 semantic imaging traits by a neuroradiologist. All features were investigated for redundancy. Two-way correlations between imaging and CTVs / MTVs features were visualized as heatmaps. Associations between MTVNAA and MTVCho and imaging features were studied using Spearman correlation. Forty-eight imaging features were extracted per patient. Half of the imaging traits were replaced with automatically extracted continuous variables. Twenty features were extracted from CTVs and MTVs. A series of semantic imaging traits were replaced with automatically extracted continuous variables. There were multiple (22) significant correlations of imaging measures with CTVs / MTVNAA, whereas there were only 6 with CTVs / MTVCho. A framework for investigation of codependencies between MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging radiomic features and CTVs / MTVs has been established. The MTV for NAA was found to be closely associated with MRI volumes, whereas very few imaging features were related to MTVCho, indicating that Cho provides additional information to imaging.
28011044	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28011044	29	38	Metabolic	T169	C0311400
28011044	39	52	Tumor Volumes	T081	C0475276
28011044	56	75	Radiation Treatment	T061	C3871222
28011044	79	102	Glioblastoma Multiforme	T191	C1621958
28011044	128	141	investigation	T058	C0220825
28011044	149	161	associations	T080	C0439849
28011044	170	177	imaging	T060	C0011923
28011044	179	202	clinical target volumes	T081	C0454198
28011044	204	208	CTVs	T081	C0454198
28011044	215	224	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28011044	225	238	tumor volumes	T081	C0475276
28011044	240	244	MTVs	T081	C0475276
28011044	246	254	features	T080	C1521970
28011044	298	309	information	T078	C1533716
28011044	317	321	CTVs	T081	C0454198
28011044	353	360	volumes	T081	C0475276
28011044	362	388	High-throughput extraction	T170	C0872047
28011044	392	399	imaging	T060	C0011923
28011044	404	415	metabolomic	T091	C1328813
28011044	416	428	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28011044	429	437	features	T080	C1521970
28011044	443	469	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28011044	471	474	MRI	T060	C0024485
28011044	480	520	magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging	T060	C1522706
28011044	524	547	glioblastoma multiforme	T191	C1621958
28011044	549	552	GBM	T191	C1621958
28011044	587	594	patient	T101	C0030705
28011044	599	616	radiation therapy	T061	C3871222
28011044	620	623	GBM	T191	C1621958
28011044	628	636	relevant	T080	C2347946
28011044	637	646	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28011044	647	660	tumor volumes	T081	C0475276
28011044	662	666	MTVs	T081	C0475276
28011044	683	691	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28011044	692	698	levels	T080	C0441889
28011044	702	720	N-acetyl aspartate	T116,T123	C0067684
28011044	722	725	NAA	T116,T123	C0067684
28011044	731	738	choline	T109,T121,T123	C0008405
28011044	740	743	Cho	T109,T121,T123	C0008405
28011044	764	787	clinical target volumes	T081	C0454198
28011044	789	793	CTVs	T081	C0454198
28011044	799	816	radiation therapy	T061	C3871222
28011044	830	859	contrast-enhanced T1-weighted	T060	C1707501
28011044	861	867	CE-T1w	T060	C1707501
28011044	873	930	T2-weighted (T2w)/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI	T060	C3897397
28011044	932	949	Necrotic portions	T033	C1334928
28011044	951	967	enhancing lesion	T033	C3830314
28011044	973	978	edema	T184	C0013604
28011044	1006	1012	CE-T1w	T170	C1704254
28011044	1015	1025	T2w images	T170	C1704254
28011044	1033	1036	GBM	T191	C1621958
28011044	1037	1045	patients	T101	C0030705
28011044	1047	1070	Clinical target volumes	T081	C0454198
28011044	1075	1079	MTVs	T081	C0475276
28011044	1084	1087	NAA	T116,T123	C0067684
28011044	1089	1095	MTVNAA	T081	C0475276
28011044	1101	1104	Cho	T109,T121,T123	C0008405
28011044	1106	1112	MTVCho	T081	C0475276
28011044	1132	1139	Imaging	T060	C0011923
28011044	1144	1162	metabolic features	T201	C1864620
28011044	1174	1178	size	T082	C0456389
28011044	1180	1185	shape	T082	C0332479
28011044	1191	1209	signal intensities	T081	C0871362
28011044	1217	1224	volumes	T081	C0449468
28011044	1241	1247	Tumors	T191	C0027651
28011044	1286	1294	semantic	T078	C0036612
28011044	1295	1309	imaging traits	T080	C2346469
28011044	1315	1331	neuroradiologist	T097	C2985415
28011044	1337	1345	features	T080	C1521970
28011044	1351	1363	investigated	T169	C1292732
28011044	1368	1378	redundancy	T169	C1313915
28011044	1380	1400	Two-way correlations	T080	C1707520
28011044	1409	1416	imaging	T170	C1704254
28011044	1421	1425	CTVs	T081	C0454198
28011044	1428	1432	MTVs	T081	C0475276
28011044	1461	1469	heatmaps	T073	C2697572
28011044	1471	1483	Associations	T080	C0439849
28011044	1492	1498	MTVNAA	T081	C0475276
28011044	1503	1509	MTVCho	T081	C0475276
28011044	1514	1530	imaging features	T080	C2346469
28011044	1550	1570	Spearman correlation	T170	C1710141
28011044	1584	1600	imaging features	T080	C2346469
28011044	1620	1627	patient	T101	C0030705
28011044	1629	1633	Half	T081	C2825407
28011044	1641	1655	imaging traits	T080	C2346469
28011044	1661	1669	replaced	T169	C0559956
28011044	1699	1719	continuous variables	T080	C0439828
28011044	1728	1736	features	T080	C2346469
28011044	1757	1761	CTVs	T081	C0454198
28011044	1766	1770	MTVs	T081	C0475276
28011044	1784	1792	semantic	T078	C0036612
28011044	1793	1807	imaging traits	T080	C2346469
28011044	1813	1821	replaced	T169	C0559956
28011044	1851	1871	continuous variables	T080	C0439828
28011044	1910	1922	correlations	T080	C1707520
28011044	1926	1942	imaging measures	T080	C2346469
28011044	1948	1952	CTVs	T081	C0454198
28011044	1955	1961	MTVNAA	T081	C0475276
28011044	1994	1998	CTVs	T081	C0454198
28011044	2001	2007	MTVCho	T081	C0475276
28011044	2065	2068	MRI	T060	C0024485
28011044	2073	2113	magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging	T060	C1522706
28011044	2123	2131	features	T080	C1521970
28011044	2136	2140	CTVs	T081	C0454198
28011044	2143	2147	MTVs	T081	C0475276
28011044	2174	2177	MTV	T081	C0475276
28011044	2182	2185	NAA	T116,T123	C0067684
28011044	2210	2225	associated with	T080	C0332281
28011044	2226	2229	MRI	T060	C0024485
28011044	2230	2237	volumes	T081	C0449468
28011044	2256	2272	imaging features	T080	C2346469
28011044	2289	2295	MTVCho	T081	C0475276
28011044	2313	2316	Cho	T109,T121,T123	C0008405
28011044	2326	2348	additional information	T079	C1546922
28011044	2352	2359	imaging	T060	C0011923

28011059|t|Epigenome-wide analysis links SMAD3 methylation at birth to asthma in children of asthmatic mothers
28011059|a|The timing and mechanisms of asthma inception remain imprecisely defined. Although epigenetic mechanisms likely contribute to asthma pathogenesis, little is known about their role in asthma inception. We sought to assess whether the trajectory to asthma begins already at birth and whether epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation, contribute to asthma inception. We used the Methylated CpG Island Recovery Assay chip to survey DNA methylation in cord blood mononuclear cells from 36 children (18 nonasthmatic and 18 asthmatic subjects by age 9 years) from the Infant Immune Study (IIS), an unselected birth cohort closely monitored for asthma for a decade. SMAD3 methylation in IIS (n = 60) and in 2 replication cohorts (the Manchester Asthma and Allergy Study [n = 30] and the Childhood Origins of Asthma Study [n = 28]) was analyzed by using bisulfite sequencing or Illumina 450K arrays. Cord blood mononuclear cell -derived IL-1β levels were measured by means of ELISA. Neonatal immune cells harbored 589 differentially methylated regions that distinguished IIS children who did and did not have asthma by age 9 years. In all 3 cohorts methylation in SMAD3, the most connected node within the network of asthma - associated, differentially methylated regions, was selectively increased in asthmatic children of asthmatic mothers and was associated with childhood asthma risk. Moreover, SMAD3 methylation in IIS neonates with maternal asthma was strongly and positively associated with neonatal production of IL-1β, an innate inflammatory mediator. The trajectory to childhood asthma begins at birth and involves epigenetic modifications in immunoregulatory and proinflammatory pathways. Maternal asthma influences epigenetic mechanisms that contribute to the inception of this trajectory.
28011059	0	23	Epigenome-wide analysis	T063	C2350277
28011059	30	35	SMAD3	T028	C0919432
28011059	36	47	methylation	T044	C0376452
28011059	51	56	birth	T040	C0005615
28011059	60	78	asthma in children	T047	C0264408
28011059	82	91	asthmatic	T047	C0004096
28011059	92	99	mothers	T099	C0026591
28011059	115	125	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28011059	129	135	asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	136	145	inception	T169	C1522492
28011059	183	193	epigenetic	T045	C1516924
28011059	194	204	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28011059	226	232	asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	233	245	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28011059	283	289	asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	290	299	inception	T169	C1522492
28011059	314	320	assess	T058	C0184514
28011059	347	353	asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	372	377	birth	T040	C0005615
28011059	390	400	epigenetic	T045	C1516924
28011059	401	411	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28011059	426	441	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28011059	457	463	asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	464	473	inception	T169	C1522492
28011059	487	528	Methylated CpG Island Recovery Assay chip	T059	C1328856
28011059	532	538	survey	T170	C0038951
28011059	539	554	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28011059	558	568	cord blood	T031	C0162371
28011059	569	586	mononuclear cells	T025	C0806987
28011059	595	603	children	T100	C0008059
28011059	608	620	nonasthmatic	T098	C0080105
28011059	628	637	asthmatic	T047	C0004096
28011059	638	646	subjects	T098	C0080105
28011059	650	653	age	T032	C0001779
28011059	656	661	years	T079	C0439234
28011059	672	678	Infant	T100	C0021270
28011059	679	685	Immune	T169	C0439662
28011059	686	691	Study	T062	C2603343
28011059	693	696	IIS	T062	C2603343
28011059	713	718	birth	T040	C0005615
28011059	719	725	cohort	T098	C0599755
28011059	748	754	asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	769	774	SMAD3	T028	C0919432
28011059	775	786	methylation	T044	C0376452
28011059	790	793	IIS	T062	C2603343
28011059	812	823	replication	T045	C0598312
28011059	824	831	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28011059	837	847	Manchester	UnknownType	C0681784
28011059	848	854	Asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	859	872	Allergy Study	T059	C0945823
28011059	890	917	Childhood Origins of Asthma	T047	C0264408
28011059	918	923	Study	T062	C2603343
28011059	938	946	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28011059	956	976	bisulfite sequencing	T063	C3831347
28011059	980	1000	Illumina 450K arrays	T059	C0022885
28011059	1002	1012	Cord blood	T031	C0162371
28011059	1013	1029	mononuclear cell	T025	C0806987
28011059	1039	1044	IL-1β	T116,T123	C1702300
28011059	1045	1051	levels	T080	C0441889
28011059	1057	1065	measured	T080	C0444706
28011059	1078	1083	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28011059	1085	1093	Neonatal	T100	C0021289
28011059	1094	1100	immune	T169	C0439662
28011059	1101	1106	cells	T025	C0007634
28011059	1135	1153	methylated regions	T086	C0004793
28011059	1173	1176	IIS	T062	C2603343
28011059	1177	1185	children	T098	C1257890
28011059	1211	1217	asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	1221	1224	age	T032	C0001779
28011059	1227	1232	years	T079	C0439234
28011059	1243	1250	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28011059	1251	1262	methylation	T044	C0376452
28011059	1266	1271	SMAD3	T028	C0919432
28011059	1319	1325	asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	1328	1338	associated	T080	C0332281
28011059	1355	1373	methylated regions	T086	C0004793
28011059	1391	1400	increased	T081	C0205217
28011059	1404	1413	asthmatic	T047	C0264408
28011059	1414	1422	children	T100	C0008059
28011059	1426	1435	asthmatic	T047	C0004096
28011059	1436	1443	mothers	T099	C0026591
28011059	1452	1467	associated with	T080	C0332281
28011059	1468	1484	childhood asthma	T047	C0264408
28011059	1485	1489	risk	T078	C0035647
28011059	1501	1506	SMAD3	T028	C0919432
28011059	1507	1518	methylation	T044	C0376452
28011059	1522	1525	IIS	T062	C2603343
28011059	1526	1534	neonates	T100	C0021289
28011059	1540	1548	maternal	T099	C0026591
28011059	1549	1555	asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	1584	1599	associated with	T080	C0332281
28011059	1600	1608	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28011059	1623	1628	IL-1β	T116,T123	C1702300
28011059	1633	1661	innate inflammatory mediator	T121	C0243042
28011059	1681	1697	childhood asthma	T047	C0264408
28011059	1708	1713	birth	T040	C0005615
28011059	1727	1737	epigenetic	T045	C1516924
28011059	1738	1751	modifications	T169	C0392747
28011059	1755	1771	immunoregulatory	T040	C0678889
28011059	1776	1791	proinflammatory	T169	C0333348
28011059	1792	1800	pathways	T044	C1704259
28011059	1802	1810	Maternal	T099	C0026591
28011059	1811	1817	asthma	T047	C0004096
28011059	1829	1839	epigenetic	T045	C1516924
28011059	1840	1850	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28011059	1874	1883	inception	T169	C1522492

28011275|t|Perioperative Transfusion of Leukocyte - depleted Blood Products in Contemporary Radical Cystectomy Cohort Does Not Adversely Impact Short-term Survival
28011275|a|To evaluate the effect of leukoreduced -only perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) and corresponding survival outcomes in a radical cystectomy cohort of patients. We analyzed data from 1026 patients who underwent radical cystectomy at our institution. PBT was defined as transfusion in the intraoperative or within the postoperative hospitalization period. Multivariable analyses using Cox proportional hazards were performed to measure the association between PBT, patient variables, and 3 primary end points: recurrence-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival. Kaplan-Meier curves estimated survival times and were compared with log-rank test. Overall, of a total of 1026 patients, 341 (33.2%) received leukoreduced PBT. The median follow-up was 27.5 months. Transfused patients were more likely to be female, had higher estimated blood loss, lower preoperative hemoglobin, were more likely to have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, or had undergone a continent urinary diversion. Higher pathologic tumor and nodal stage were observed more frequently in patients who received PBT. On multivariable analysis, PBT was not associated with worse recurrence-free survival, disease-specific survival, and overall survival (all P > .05). Kaplan-Meier curves did not show any significant differences (all P > .05) between the transfused and nontransfused groups. In addition, no differences were found in regard to timing of transfusion, that is, intraoperative vs postoperative, in distinct analysis. No significant association was found between leukoreduced PBT and worse survival outcomes at short-term follow-up in a contemporary cohort of cystectomy patients. Prospective long-term follow-up is warranted.
28011275	0	13	Perioperative	T079	C1518988
28011275	14	25	Transfusion	T061	C0005841
28011275	29	38	Leukocyte	T025	C0023516
28011275	41	49	depleted	T169	C0333668
28011275	50	64	Blood Products	T121	C0456388
28011275	68	80	Contemporary	T079	C1254367
28011275	81	99	Radical Cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28011275	100	106	Cohort	T098	C0599755
28011275	126	132	Impact	T080	C4049986
28011275	133	143	Short-term	T079	C0443303
28011275	144	152	Survival	T052	C0038952
28011275	156	164	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28011275	179	191	leukoreduced	T078	C1548981
28011275	198	211	perioperative	T079	C1518988
28011275	212	229	blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28011275	231	234	PBT	T061	C0005841
28011275	254	262	survival	T052	C0038952
28011275	263	271	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28011275	277	295	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28011275	296	302	cohort	T098	C0599755
28011275	306	314	patients	T101	C0030705
28011275	319	327	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28011275	328	332	data	T078	C1511726
28011275	343	351	patients	T101	C0030705
28011275	366	384	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28011275	392	403	institution	T093	C2607850
28011275	405	408	PBT	T061	C0005841
28011275	424	435	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28011275	443	457	intraoperative	T079	C0021891
28011275	472	485	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28011275	486	501	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28011275	502	508	period	T079	C1948053
28011275	510	532	Multivariable analyses	T081	C0026777
28011275	539	563	Cox proportional hazards	T081,T170	C0010235
28011275	582	589	measure	T169	C0242485
28011275	594	605	association	T080	C0439849
28011275	614	617	PBT	T061	C0005841
28011275	619	626	patient	T101	C0030705
28011275	627	636	variables	T169	C0009673
28011275	664	688	recurrence-free survival	T201	C2919551
28011275	690	715	disease-specific survival	T081	C2986538
28011275	721	737	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28011275	739	758	Kaplan-Meier curves	T081	C1720944
28011275	759	768	estimated	T081	C0750572
28011275	769	783	survival times	T201	C2919552
28011275	807	820	log-rank test	T059	C0022885
28011275	850	858	patients	T101	C0030705
28011275	881	893	leukoreduced	T078	C1548981
28011275	894	897	PBT	T061	C0005841
28011275	903	919	median follow-up	T058	C1522577
28011275	937	947	Transfused	T078	C1549003
28011275	948	956	patients	T101	C0030705
28011275	980	986	female	T098	C0043210
28011275	992	998	higher	T080	C0205250
28011275	999	1019	estimated blood loss	T033	C1443559
28011275	1021	1026	lower	T080	C0205251
28011275	1027	1039	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28011275	1040	1050	hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
28011275	1086	1097	neoadjuvant	T061	C0600558
28011275	1098	1110	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28011275	1131	1158	continent urinary diversion	T061	C4289741
28011275	1167	1183	pathologic tumor	T191	C0027651
28011275	1188	1199	nodal stage	T185	C0008902
28011275	1233	1241	patients	T101	C0030705
28011275	1255	1258	PBT	T061	C0005841
28011275	1263	1285	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28011275	1287	1290	PBT	T061	C0005841
28011275	1321	1345	recurrence-free survival	T201	C2919551
28011275	1347	1372	disease-specific survival	T081	C2986538
28011275	1378	1394	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28011275	1410	1429	Kaplan-Meier curves	T081	C1720944
28011275	1497	1507	transfused	T078	C1549003
28011275	1596	1607	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28011275	1618	1632	intraoperative	T079	C0021891
28011275	1636	1649	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28011275	1663	1671	analysis	T062	C0936012
28011275	1688	1699	association	T080	C0439849
28011275	1718	1730	leukoreduced	T078	C1548981
28011275	1731	1734	PBT	T061	C0005841
28011275	1745	1753	survival	T052	C0038952
28011275	1754	1762	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28011275	1766	1776	short-term	T079	C0443303
28011275	1777	1786	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28011275	1792	1804	contemporary	T079	C1254367
28011275	1805	1811	cohort	T098	C0599755
28011275	1815	1825	cystectomy	T061	C0010651
28011275	1826	1834	patients	T101	C0030705
28011275	1848	1867	long-term follow-up	T058	C1517942

28011408|t|Measurement of fidgeting in patients with anorexia nervosa using a novel shoe -based monitor
28011408|a|To objectively assess seated non-exercise physical activity in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) relative to healthy controls (HCs) and examine the associations between this physical activity, eating disorder pathology, and levels of anxiety and depression. Eleven inpatients with AN and 10 HCs wore a shoe -based accelerometer (SmartShoe) at three time points: a) while eating lunch, b) filling out questionnaires, and c) watching television for 1h. Across all three tasks, patients with AN were significantly more active than HCs, thereby engaging in a greater degree of restless or fidgeting behavior. Degree of physical activity was positively correlated with eating disorder psychopathology in the sample with AN, and a trend towards a positive association between physical activity and levels of depression and anxiety was also found in this sample. Among individuals with AN, physical activity was not significantly correlated with BMI, duration of illness, or number of days since hospital admission. Use of a minimally invasive, shoe -based monitor revealed patients with AN engaged in a greater degree of fidgeting relative to HCs during quiet, seated tasks and this heightened activity was related to measures of pathology. Non-exercise physical activity, including fidgeting, may warrant further clinical attention in this patient population.
28011408	0	11	Measurement	T169	C0242485
28011408	15	24	fidgeting	T033	C0424235
28011408	28	36	patients	T101	C0030705
28011408	42	58	anorexia nervosa	T048	C0003125
28011408	73	77	shoe	T073	C0036988
28011408	85	92	monitor	T074	C0596972
28011408	115	121	seated	T033	C4042775
28011408	122	152	non-exercise physical activity	T056	C0026606
28011408	156	164	patients	T101	C0030705
28011408	170	186	anorexia nervosa	T048	C0003125
28011408	188	190	AN	T048	C0003125
28011408	204	220	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28011408	222	225	HCs	T080	C2986479
28011408	243	255	associations	T080	C0439849
28011408	269	286	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28011408	288	303	eating disorder	T048	C0013473
28011408	304	313	pathology	T046	C0677042
28011408	319	325	levels	T080	C0441889
28011408	329	336	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28011408	341	351	depression	T048	C0011570
28011408	360	370	inpatients	T101	C0021562
28011408	376	378	AN	T048	C0003125
28011408	386	389	HCs	T080	C2986479
28011408	397	401	shoe	T073	C0036988
28011408	409	422	accelerometer	T074	C0178951
28011408	424	433	SmartShoe	T074	C0178951
28011408	444	455	time points	T079	C1552717
28011408	460	478	while eating lunch	T079	C2362314
28011408	483	509	filling out questionnaires	T079	C2362314
28011408	518	544	watching television for 1h	T079	C2362314
28011408	563	568	tasks	T057	C3540678
28011408	570	578	patients	T101	C0030705
28011408	584	586	AN	T048	C0003125
28011408	606	617	more active	T169	C0205177
28011408	623	626	HCs	T080	C2986479
28011408	650	664	greater degree	T081	C0449286
28011408	668	676	restless	T184	C3887611
28011408	680	689	fidgeting	T033	C0424235
28011408	690	698	behavior	T053	C0004927
28011408	700	706	Degree	T081	C0449286
28011408	710	727	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28011408	732	753	positively correlated	T033	C1514241
28011408	759	774	eating disorder	T048	C0013473
28011408	775	790	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
28011408	810	812	AN	T048	C0003125
28011408	836	856	positive association	T033	C1514241
28011408	865	882	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28011408	887	893	levels	T080	C0441889
28011408	897	907	depression	T048	C0011570
28011408	912	919	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28011408	957	968	individuals	T098	C0237401
28011408	974	976	AN	T048	C0003125
28011408	978	995	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28011408	1000	1003	not	T033	C1513916
28011408	1018	1028	correlated	T080	C1707520
28011408	1034	1037	BMI	T201	C1305855
28011408	1039	1058	duration of illness	T079	C3176590
28011408	1063	1077	number of days	T081	C3640790
28011408	1084	1102	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
28011408	1113	1131	minimally invasive	T169	C2711297
28011408	1133	1137	shoe	T073	C0036988
28011408	1145	1152	monitor	T074	C0596972
28011408	1162	1170	patients	T101	C0030705
28011408	1176	1178	AN	T048	C0003125
28011408	1192	1206	greater degree	T081	C0449286
28011408	1210	1219	fidgeting	T033	C0424235
28011408	1232	1235	HCs	T080	C2986479
28011408	1250	1256	seated	T033	C4042775
28011408	1257	1262	tasks	T057	C3540678
28011408	1283	1291	activity	T056	C0026606
28011408	1307	1315	measures	T081	C0079809
28011408	1319	1328	pathology	T046	C0677042
28011408	1330	1360	Non-exercise physical activity	T056	C0026606
28011408	1372	1381	fidgeting	T033	C0424235
28011408	1403	1411	clinical	T080	C0205210
28011408	1430	1448	patient population	T101	C0030705

28011843|t|Histological evidence of inflammatory reaction associated with fibrosis in the atrial and ventricular walls in a case-control study of patients with history of atrial fibrillation
28011843|a|Chronic inflammation in the atrial myocardium was shown to play an important role in the development of atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is not clear to what extent atrial inflammatory reaction associated with AF extends on the ventricular myocardium. Our aim was to assess the extent of fibrosis and lymphomononuclear infiltration in human ventricular myocardium and explore its association with AF. Medical records from consecutive autopsies were checked for presence of AF. Heart specimens from 30 patients died from cardiovascular causes (64 ± 12 years, 17 men) were collected in three equal groups: no AF, paroxysmal AF, and permanent AF. Tissue samples were taken from the Bachmann's bundle, crista terminalis, posterior left atrium, left ventricle and right ventricle free walls and stained with Masson's trichrome for analysis of fibrosis extent. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against CD3- and CD45-antigens and quantified as number of antigen-positive cells per 1 mm(2). Fibrosis extent, CD3+ and CD45+ cell counts were elevated in AF patients at all sites (P < 0.001 for all). Fibrosis extent demonstrated correlation with both CD3+ and CD45+ cell counts in the right (r = 0.781, P < 0.001 for CD45+ and r = 0.720, P < 0.001 for CD3+) and the left (r = 0.515, P = 0.004 for CD45+ and r = 0.573, P = 0.001 for CD3+) ventricles. Neither fibrosis nor inflammatory cell count showed association with either age or comorbidities. Histological signs of chronic inflammation affecting ventricular myocardium are strongly associated with AF and demonstrate significant correlation with fibrosis extent that cannot be explained by cardiovascular comorbidities otherwise.
28011843	0	12	Histological	T169	C0205462
28011843	13	21	evidence	T078	C3887511
28011843	25	46	inflammatory reaction	T046	C0021368
28011843	47	62	associated with	T080	C0332281
28011843	63	71	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28011843	79	85	atrial	T023	C0507617
28011843	90	107	ventricular walls	T023	C0507618
28011843	113	131	case-control study	T062	C0007328
28011843	135	143	patients	T101	C0030705
28011843	149	156	history	T033	C0262926
28011843	160	179	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28011843	180	200	Chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
28011843	208	225	atrial myocardium	T023	C0225833
28011843	247	256	important	T080	C3898777
28011843	257	261	role	T170	C1704326
28011843	269	280	development	T040	C0678723
28011843	284	290	atrial	T023	C0018792
28011843	291	299	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28011843	303	311	patients	T101	C0030705
28011843	317	336	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28011843	338	340	AF	T047	C0004238
28011843	376	382	extent	T082	C0439792
28011843	383	389	atrial	T023	C0018792
28011843	390	411	inflammatory reaction	T046	C0021368
28011843	412	427	associated with	T080	C0332281
28011843	428	430	AF	T047	C0004238
28011843	431	438	extends	T082	C0439792
28011843	446	468	ventricular myocardium	T023	C0225880
28011843	474	477	aim	T078	C1947946
28011843	485	491	assess	T058	C0184514
28011843	496	502	extent	T082	C0439792
28011843	506	514	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28011843	519	549	lymphomononuclear infiltration	T033	C3670883
28011843	553	558	human	T016	C0086418
28011843	559	581	ventricular myocardium	T023	C0225880
28011843	598	609	association	T080	C0439849
28011843	615	617	AF	T047	C0004238
28011843	619	634	Medical records	T170	C0025102
28011843	640	651	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28011843	652	661	autopsies	T060	C0004398
28011843	667	674	checked	T052	C1283174
28011843	679	687	presence	T080	C3854307
28011843	691	693	AF	T047	C0004238
28011843	695	700	Heart	T023	C0018787
28011843	701	710	specimens	T077	C2347026
28011843	719	727	patients	T101	C0030705
28011843	728	732	died	T040	C0011065
28011843	738	759	cardiovascular causes	T033	C0243095
28011843	779	782	men	T098	C0025266
28011843	789	798	collected	T078	C1516695
28011843	814	820	groups	T078	C0441833
28011843	825	827	AF	T047	C0004238
28011843	829	842	paroxysmal AF	T047	C0235480
28011843	848	857	permanent	T079	C0205355
28011843	858	860	AF	T047	C0004238
28011843	862	876	Tissue samples	T024	C1292533
28011843	897	914	Bachmann's bundle	T023	C0457147
28011843	916	933	crista terminalis	T023	C0225852
28011843	935	956	posterior left atrium	T029	C0503863
28011843	958	972	left ventricle	T029	C2326066
28011843	977	1003	right ventricle free walls	T029	C2339871
28011843	1008	1039	stained with Masson's trichrome	T059	C1294297
28011843	1044	1052	analysis	T062	C0936012
28011843	1056	1064	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28011843	1065	1071	extent	T082	C0439792
28011843	1073	1093	Immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28011843	1098	1107	performed	T169	C0884358
28011843	1114	1124	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28011843	1125	1132	against	T080	C0521124
28011843	1133	1137	CD3-	T116,T129	C0108779
28011843	1142	1155	CD45-antigens	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
28011843	1160	1170	quantified	T081	C1709793
28011843	1184	1206	antigen-positive cells	T025	C0007634
28011843	1220	1228	Fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28011843	1229	1235	extent	T082	C0439792
28011843	1237	1241	CD3+	T116,T129	C0108779
28011843	1246	1251	CD45+	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
28011843	1252	1263	cell counts	T059	C0007584
28011843	1269	1277	elevated	T080	C3163633
28011843	1281	1283	AF	T047	C0004238
28011843	1284	1292	patients	T101	C0030705
28011843	1300	1305	sites	T029	C1515974
28011843	1327	1335	Fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28011843	1336	1342	extent	T082	C0439792
28011843	1356	1367	correlation	T080	C1707520
28011843	1378	1382	CD3+	T116,T129	C0108779
28011843	1387	1392	CD45+	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
28011843	1393	1404	cell counts	T059	C0007584
28011843	1444	1449	CD45+	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
28011843	1479	1483	CD3+	T116,T129	C0108779
28011843	1524	1529	CD45+	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
28011843	1559	1563	CD3+	T116,T129	C0108779
28011843	1565	1575	ventricles	T023	C0225897
28011843	1585	1593	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28011843	1598	1610	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28011843	1611	1621	cell count	T059	C0007584
28011843	1629	1640	association	T080	C0439849
28011843	1653	1656	age	T032	C0001779
28011843	1660	1673	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28011843	1675	1687	Histological	T169	C0205462
28011843	1688	1693	signs	T033	C0311392
28011843	1697	1717	chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
28011843	1718	1727	affecting	T169	C0392760
28011843	1728	1750	ventricular myocardium	T023	C0225880
28011843	1755	1763	strongly	T080	C0205556
28011843	1764	1779	associated with	T080	C0332281
28011843	1780	1782	AF	T047	C0004238
28011843	1799	1810	significant	T078	C0750502
28011843	1811	1822	correlation	T080	C1707520
28011843	1828	1836	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28011843	1837	1843	extent	T082	C0439792
28011843	1872	1886	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28011843	1887	1900	comorbidities	T078	C0009488

28012091|t|Hypocretins and Arousal
28012091|a|How the brain controls vigilance state transitions remains to be fully understood. The discovery of hypocretins, also known as orexins, and their link to narcolepsy has undoubtedly allowed us to advance our knowledge on key mechanisms controlling the boundaries and transitions between sleep and wakefulness. Lack of function of hypocretin neurons (a relatively simple and non-redundant neuronal system) results in inappropriate control of sleep states without affecting the total amount of sleep or homeostatic mechanisms. Anatomical and functional evidence shows that the hypothalamic neurons that produce hypocretins / orexins project widely throughout the entire brain and interact with major neuromodulator systems in order to regulate physiological processes underlying wakefulness, attention, and emotions. Here, we review the role of hypocretins / orexins in arousal state transitions, and discuss possible mechanisms by which such a relatively small population of neurons controls fundamental brain state dynamics.
28012091	0	11	Hypocretins	T116,T123	C1113688
28012091	16	23	Arousal	T041	C0003808
28012091	32	46	brain controls	T041	C0596948
28012091	47	62	vigilance state	T041	C0043012
28012091	63	74	transitions	T052	C2700061
28012091	111	120	discovery	T052	C1880355
28012091	124	135	hypocretins	T116,T123	C1113688
28012091	151	158	orexins	T116,T123	C1113688
28012091	178	188	narcolepsy	T047	C0027404
28012091	219	226	advance	T079	C3854260
28012091	231	240	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28012091	248	258	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28012091	259	270	controlling	T067	C2239193
28012091	275	285	boundaries	T041	C0871670
28012091	290	301	transitions	T052	C2700061
28012091	310	315	sleep	T040	C0037313
28012091	320	331	wakefulness	T041	C0043012
28012091	333	337	Lack	T080	C0332268
28012091	341	349	function	T169	C0542341
28012091	353	363	hypocretin	T116,T123	C1113688
28012091	364	371	neurons	T025	C0027882
28012091	411	426	neuronal system	T022	C0027763
28012091	439	452	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
28012091	453	460	control	T080	C0243148
28012091	464	469	sleep	T040	C0037313
28012091	485	494	affecting	T169	C0392760
28012091	505	520	amount of sleep	T081	C2584341
28012091	524	546	homeostatic mechanisms	T040	C1561987
28012091	548	558	Anatomical	T017	C0700276
28012091	563	573	functional	T043	C0007613
28012091	574	582	evidence	T078	C3887511
28012091	598	610	hypothalamic	T023	C0020663
28012091	611	618	neurons	T025	C0027882
28012091	632	643	hypocretins	T116,T123	C1113688
28012091	646	653	orexins	T116,T123	C1113688
28012091	691	696	brain	T023	C0006104
28012091	721	743	neuromodulator systems	T022	C0027763
28012091	765	788	physiological processes	T039	C0031845
28012091	800	811	wakefulness	T041	C0043012
28012091	813	822	attention	T041	C0004268
28012091	828	836	emotions	T041	C0013987
28012091	866	877	hypocretins	T116,T123	C1113688
28012091	880	887	orexins	T116,T123	C1113688
28012091	891	904	arousal state	T041	C0003808
28012091	905	916	transitions	T052	C2700061
28012091	930	938	possible	T033	C0332149
28012091	939	949	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28012091	966	982	relatively small	T033	C1832138
28012091	983	993	population	T098	C1257890
28012091	997	1004	neurons	T025	C0027882
28012091	1005	1013	controls	T080	C0243148
28012091	1026	1046	brain state dynamics	T039	C0443158

28012388|t|Determinants of field edge habitat restoration on farms in California's Sacramento Valley
28012388|a|Degradation and loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services pose major challenges in simplified agricultural landscapes. Consequently, best management practices to create or restore habitat areas on field edges and other marginal areas have received a great deal of recent attention and policy support. Despite this, remarkably little is known about how landholders (farmers and landowners) learn about field edge management practices and which factors facilitate, or hinder, adoption of field edge plantings. We surveyed 109 landholders in California's Sacramento Valley to determine drivers of adoption of field edge plantings. The results show the important influence of landholders ' communication networks, which included two key roles: agencies that provide technical support and fellow landholders. The networks of landholders that adopted field edge plantings included both fellow landholders and agencies, whereas networks of non-adopters included either landholders or agencies. This pattern documents that social learning through peer -to- peer information exchange can serve as a complementary and reinforcing pathway with technical learning that is stimulated by traditional outreach and extension programs. Landholder experience with benefits and concerns associated with field edge plantings were also significant predictors of adoption. Our results suggest that technical learning, stimulated by outreach and extension, may provide critical and necessary support for broad-scale adoption of field-edge plantings, but that this alone may not be sufficient. Instead, outreach and extension efforts may need to be strategically expanded to incorporate peer -to- peer communication, which can provide critical information on benefits and concerns.
28012388	0	12	Determinants	T169	C1521761
28012388	16	26	field edge	T073	C0442610
28012388	27	34	habitat	T082	C0871648
28012388	35	46	restoration	T052	C0441655
28012388	50	55	farms	T082	C0557759
28012388	59	71	California's	T083	C0006754
28012388	72	89	Sacramento Valley	T083	C0017446
28012388	90	101	Degradation	T070	C1254365
28012388	106	110	loss	T081	C1517945
28012388	114	126	biodiversity	T080	C0282469
28012388	131	140	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
28012388	186	198	agricultural	T090	C0001829
28012388	199	209	landscapes	T082	C0870781
28012388	230	250	management practices	T057	C0033284
28012388	264	271	restore	T052	C0441655
28012388	272	279	habitat	T082	C0871648
28012388	280	285	areas	T082	C0205146
28012388	289	300	field edges	T073	C0442610
28012388	320	325	areas	T082	C0205146
28012388	377	383	policy	T170	C0242456
28012388	384	391	support	T077	C1521721
28012388	444	455	landholders	T097	C0027363
28012388	457	464	farmers	T097	C0221460
28012388	469	479	landowners	T097	C0027363
28012388	493	503	field edge	T073	C0442610
28012388	504	514	management	T057	C0237784
28012388	515	524	practices	T052	C0441655
28012388	535	542	factors	T169	C1521761
28012388	578	588	field edge	T073	C0442610
28012388	589	598	plantings	T052	C0441655
28012388	616	627	landholders	T097	C0027363
28012388	631	643	California's	T083	C0006754
28012388	644	661	Sacramento Valley	T083	C0017446
28012388	675	682	drivers	T169	C1521761
28012388	698	708	field edge	T073	C0442610
28012388	709	718	plantings	T052	C0441655
28012388	741	750	important	T080	C3898777
28012388	751	760	influence	T077	C4054723
28012388	764	775	landholders	T097	C0027363
28012388	778	791	communication	T054	C0009452
28012388	792	800	networks	T169	C1882071
28012388	825	830	roles	T077	C1705810
28012388	832	840	agencies	T092	C0237463
28012388	854	863	technical	UnknownType	C0681521
28012388	864	871	support	T077	C1521721
28012388	883	894	landholders	T097	C0027363
28012388	900	908	networks	T169	C1882071
28012388	912	923	landholders	T097	C0027363
28012388	937	947	field edge	T073	C0442610
28012388	948	957	plantings	T052	C0441655
28012388	979	990	landholders	T097	C0027363
28012388	995	1003	agencies	T092	C0237463
28012388	1013	1021	networks	T169	C1882071
28012388	1054	1065	landholders	T097	C0027363
28012388	1069	1077	agencies	T092	C0237463
28012388	1084	1091	pattern	T082	C0449774
28012388	1107	1122	social learning	T041	C0679082
28012388	1131	1135	peer	T098	C0679739
28012388	1141	1145	peer	T098	C0679739
28012388	1146	1166	information exchange	T170	C0870706
28012388	1200	1219	reinforcing pathway	T078	C0035011
28012388	1225	1234	technical	UnknownType	C0681521
28012388	1235	1243	learning	T065	C0013621
28012388	1252	1262	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28012388	1266	1277	traditional	T169	C0443324
28012388	1278	1286	outreach	T095	C0871024
28012388	1291	1309	extension programs	T169	C3484370
28012388	1311	1321	Landholder	T097	C0027363
28012388	1322	1332	experience	T041	C0596545
28012388	1338	1346	benefits	T081	C0814225
28012388	1351	1359	concerns	T078	C2699424
28012388	1360	1375	associated with	T080	C0332281
28012388	1376	1386	field edge	T073	C0442610
28012388	1387	1396	plantings	T052	C0441655
28012388	1419	1429	predictors	T078	C2698872
28012388	1447	1454	results	T169	C1274040
28012388	1468	1477	technical	UnknownType	C0681521
28012388	1478	1486	learning	T065	C0013621
28012388	1488	1498	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28012388	1502	1510	outreach	T095	C0871024
28012388	1515	1524	extension	T169	C3484370
28012388	1561	1568	support	T077	C1521721
28012388	1597	1607	field-edge	T073	C0442610
28012388	1608	1617	plantings	T052	C0441655
28012388	1671	1679	outreach	T095	C0871024
28012388	1684	1693	extension	T169	C3484370
28012388	1755	1759	peer	T098	C0679739
28012388	1765	1769	peer	T098	C0679739
28012388	1770	1783	communication	T054	C0009452
28012388	1812	1823	information	T078	C1533716
28012388	1827	1835	benefits	T081	C0814225
28012388	1840	1848	concerns	T078	C2699424

28013205|t|Clinical correlates of faecal incontinence in systemic sclerosis: identifying therapeutic avenues
28013205|a|The aim was to establish the prevalence and severity of faecal incontinence (FI) in SSc, its association with other intestinal manifestations and potential predictors of FI, and its impact on quality of life. A multicentre, cross-sectional study of 298 SSc subjects followed in the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group cohort was performed using validated questionnaires: Jorge-Wexner score (an FI severity scale), Bristol stool scale (a visual scale of stool consistency) and FI Quality-of-Life scale. Constipation was defined by the Rome III criteria. Associations between the Jorge-Wexner score and other clinical variables were determined using multivariate regression analyses. Eighty-one (27.2%) subjects had FI, which was mild in 37 (12.4%) and moderate to severe in 44 (14.8%). Most patients had well-formed stools, 111 (38.8%) reported constipation and 38 (13.4%) had been previously treated for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Variables independently associated with FI were: loose vs well-formed stools [odds ratio (OR) = 7.01, 95% CI: 2.09, 23.51)], constipation (OR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.61, 8.27, P = 0.002), history of SIBO (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.06, 8.27) and urinary incontinence (OR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.14, 5.27). Quality of life measured with the FI Quality-of-Life scale was inversely correlated with FI severity (correlation coefficients between -0.602 and -0.702, P < 0.001). FI was common and often severe in SSc. Loose stools, SIBO, constipation and urinary incontinence were strongly associated with FI. Other than targeting anorectal dysfunction, concomitant treatment of clinical correlates could lead to improvement in FI and quality of life in SSc.
28013205	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28013205	9	19	correlates	T080	C1707520
28013205	23	42	faecal incontinence	T047	C0015732
28013205	46	64	systemic sclerosis	T047	C0036421
28013205	78	97	therapeutic avenues	UnknownType	C0679624
28013205	127	137	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28013205	142	150	severity	T080	C0392364
28013205	154	173	faecal incontinence	T047	C0015732
28013205	175	177	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	182	185	SSc	T047	C0036421
28013205	191	202	association	T080	C0439849
28013205	214	224	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28013205	225	239	manifestations	T169	C0205319
28013205	244	253	potential	T080	C3245505
28013205	254	264	predictors	T078	C2698872
28013205	268	270	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	280	286	impact	T080	C4049986
28013205	290	305	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28013205	322	343	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28013205	351	354	SSc	T047	C0036421
28013205	355	363	subjects	T101	C0030705
28013205	380	415	Canadian Scleroderma Research Group	T093	C1708333
28013205	416	422	cohort	T098	C0599755
28013205	453	467	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28013205	469	487	Jorge-Wexner score	T170	C0349674
28013205	492	494	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	495	509	severity scale	T170	C0681887
28013205	512	531	Bristol stool scale	T170	C4084861
28013205	551	568	stool consistency	T033	C0426740
28013205	574	576	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	577	598	Quality-of-Life scale	T170	C0451401
28013205	600	612	Constipation	T184	C0009806
28013205	632	649	Rome III criteria	T170	C0679228
28013205	651	663	Associations	T080	C0439849
28013205	676	694	Jorge-Wexner score	T170	C0349674
28013205	705	723	clinical variables	T033	C1836458
28013205	746	778	multivariate regression analyses	T170	C0034980
28013205	799	807	subjects	T101	C0030705
28013205	812	814	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	826	830	mild	T080	C2945599
28013205	849	867	moderate to severe	T080	C1299393
28013205	888	896	patients	T101	C0030705
28013205	913	919	stools	T031	C0015733
28013205	942	954	constipation	T184	C0009806
28013205	979	989	previously	T079	C0205156
28013205	990	997	treated	T169	C1522326
28013205	1002	1039	small intestinal bacterial overgrowth	T047	C3160854
28013205	1041	1045	SIBO	T047	C3160854
28013205	1048	1057	Variables	T080	C0439828
28013205	1058	1071	independently	T078	C0085862
28013205	1072	1087	associated with	T080	C0332281
28013205	1088	1090	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	1097	1102	loose	T184	C2129214
28013205	1118	1124	stools	T031	C0015733
28013205	1126	1136	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28013205	1138	1140	OR	T081	C0028873
28013205	1154	1156	CI	T081	C0009667
28013205	1173	1185	constipation	T184	C0009806
28013205	1187	1189	OR	T081	C0028873
28013205	1202	1204	CI	T081	C0009667
28013205	1218	1219	P	T081	C1709380
28013205	1230	1237	history	T033	C0683519
28013205	1241	1245	SIBO	T047	C3160854
28013205	1247	1249	OR	T081	C0028873
28013205	1262	1264	CI	T081	C0009667
28013205	1282	1302	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
28013205	1304	1306	OR	T081	C0028873
28013205	1319	1321	CI	T081	C0009667
28013205	1336	1351	Quality of life	T078	C0034380
28013205	1352	1360	measured	T080	C0444706
28013205	1370	1372	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	1373	1394	Quality-of-Life scale	T170	C0451401
28013205	1399	1408	inversely	T080	C0439850
28013205	1409	1419	correlated	T080	C1707520
28013205	1425	1427	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	1428	1436	severity	T080	C0521117
28013205	1438	1449	correlation	T080	C1707520
28013205	1450	1462	coefficients	T081	C1707429
28013205	1490	1491	P	T081	C1709380
28013205	1502	1504	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	1509	1515	common	T081	C0205214
28013205	1526	1532	severe	T080	C0205082
28013205	1536	1539	SSc	T047	C0036421
28013205	1541	1553	Loose stools	T184	C2129214
28013205	1555	1559	SIBO	T047	C3160854
28013205	1561	1573	constipation	T184	C0009806
28013205	1578	1598	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
28013205	1604	1612	strongly	T080	C0442821
28013205	1613	1628	associated with	T080	C0332281
28013205	1629	1631	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	1644	1653	targeting	T169	C1521840
28013205	1654	1663	anorectal	T030	C3870603
28013205	1664	1675	dysfunction	T046	C0277785
28013205	1677	1688	concomitant	T079	C0521115
28013205	1689	1698	treatment	T061	C0087111
28013205	1702	1710	clinical	T080	C0205210
28013205	1711	1721	correlates	T080	C1707520
28013205	1736	1747	improvement	T077	C2986411
28013205	1751	1753	FI	T047	C0015732
28013205	1758	1773	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28013205	1777	1780	SSc	T047	C0036421

28013256|t|From training to practice: the impact of ENGAGE, Ireland's national men's health training programme
28013256|a|Ireland's National Men's Health Policy recommended developing training programmes tailored to the needs of those working in health and allied health professionals and ENGAGE was developed to meet that recommendation. This study evaluated the impact of ENGAGE on frontline service providers' self-reported knowledge, skills, capacity and practice up to 5-months post training. Between 2012 and 2015, ENGAGE Trainers (n = 57) delivered 62 1-day training programmes to 810 participants. This study was conducted on a subset of those training days (n = 26) and participants. Quantitative methodologies were used to collect pre (n = 295), post (n = 295) and 5-month post (n = 128) training questionnaire data. Overall, participants were highly satisfied with the training immediately post training (8.60 ± 1.60 out of 10) and at 5-month follow up (8.06 ± 1.43 out of 10). Participants' self-reported level of knowledge, skill and capacity in identifying priorities, engaging men and influencing practice beyond their own organisation increased immediately following training (P < 0.001) and, with the exception of improving capacity to engage men and influencing practice beyond their organisation, these improvements were sustained at 5-month post training (P < 0.001). The vast majority of service providers (93.4%) reported that ENGAGE had impacted their work practice up to 5-month post training. The findings suggest that ENGAGE has succeeded in improving service providers' capacity to engage and work with men; improving gender competency in the delivery of health and health related services may increase the utilisation of such services by men and thereby improve health outcomes for men.
28013256	5	13	training	T065	C0220931
28013256	17	25	practice	T057	C0033284
28013256	31	37	impact	T080	C4049986
28013256	41	47	ENGAGE	T093	C1708333
28013256	49	58	Ireland's	T083	C0022067
28013256	59	99	national men's health training programme	T065	C0040607
28013256	100	109	Ireland's	T083	C0022067
28013256	110	138	National Men's Health Policy	T170	C0027458
28013256	139	150	recommended	T078	C0034866
28013256	162	181	training programmes	T065	C0040607
28013256	182	190	tailored	T058	C2986593
28013256	198	203	needs	T080	C0027552
28013256	213	220	working	T057	C0043227
28013256	224	230	health	T097	C1704312
28013256	235	262	allied health professionals	T097	C0002122
28013256	267	273	ENGAGE	T093	C1708333
28013256	301	315	recommendation	T078	C0034866
28013256	322	327	study	T062	C2603343
28013256	328	337	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28013256	342	348	impact	T080	C4049986
28013256	352	358	ENGAGE	T093	C1708333
28013256	362	390	frontline service providers'	T058	C0679886
28013256	391	414	self-reported knowledge	T033	C1948177
28013256	416	422	skills	T055	C0678856
28013256	424	432	capacity	T081	C1516240
28013256	437	445	practice	T057	C0033284
28013256	461	465	post	T079	C0687676
28013256	466	474	training	T065	C0220931
28013256	499	505	ENGAGE	T093	C1708333
28013256	506	514	Trainers	T073	C0453962
28013256	543	562	training programmes	T065	C0040607
28013256	570	582	participants	T098	C0679646
28013256	589	594	study	T062	C2603343
28013256	614	620	subset	T185	C1515021
28013256	630	638	training	T065	C0220931
28013256	657	669	participants	T098	C0679646
28013256	671	683	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28013256	684	697	methodologies	T062	C0038949
28013256	734	738	post	T079	C0687676
28013256	761	765	post	T079	C0687676
28013256	776	784	training	T065	C0220931
28013256	785	798	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28013256	805	812	Overall	T080	C1561607
28013256	814	826	participants	T098	C0679646
28013256	839	848	satisfied	T170	C4084799
28013256	858	866	training	T065	C0220931
28013256	867	878	immediately	T079	C0205253
28013256	879	883	post	T079	C0687676
28013256	884	892	training	T065	C0220931
28013256	932	941	follow up	T033	C0589120
28013256	967	980	Participants'	T098	C0679646
28013256	981	1013	self-reported level of knowledge	T033	C1948177
28013256	1015	1020	skill	T055	C0678856
28013256	1025	1033	capacity	T081	C1516240
28013256	1049	1059	priorities	T079	C0439607
28013256	1070	1073	men	T098	C0025266
28013256	1078	1089	influencing	T077	C4054723
28013256	1090	1098	practice	T057	C0033284
28013256	1116	1128	organisation	T057	C0029236
28013256	1129	1138	increased	T081	C0205217
28013256	1139	1150	immediately	T079	C0205253
28013256	1161	1169	training	T065	C0220931
28013256	1196	1205	exception	T077	C1705847
28013256	1209	1218	improving	T080	C1272745
28013256	1219	1227	capacity	T081	C1516240
28013256	1238	1241	men	T098	C0025266
28013256	1246	1257	influencing	T077	C4054723
28013256	1258	1266	practice	T057	C0033284
28013256	1280	1292	organisation	T057	C0029236
28013256	1300	1312	improvements	T057	C2936612
28013256	1318	1327	sustained	T169	C0443318
28013256	1339	1343	post	T079	C0687676
28013256	1344	1352	training	T065	C0220931
28013256	1375	1383	majority	T054	C0680220
28013256	1387	1404	service providers	T058	C0679886
28013256	1413	1421	reported	T058	C0700287
28013256	1427	1433	ENGAGE	T093	C1708333
28013256	1438	1446	impacted	T080	C4049986
28013256	1453	1457	work	T057	C0043227
28013256	1458	1466	practice	T057	C0033284
28013256	1481	1485	post	T079	C0687676
28013256	1486	1494	training	T065	C0220931
28013256	1500	1508	findings	T033	C0243095
28013256	1509	1516	suggest	T078	C1705535
28013256	1522	1528	ENGAGE	T093	C1708333
28013256	1533	1542	succeeded	T033	C0243095
28013256	1546	1555	improving	T080	C1272745
28013256	1556	1574	service providers'	T058	C0679886
28013256	1575	1583	capacity	T081	C1516240
28013256	1598	1602	work	T057	C0043227
28013256	1608	1611	men	T098	C0025266
28013256	1613	1622	improving	T080	C1272745
28013256	1623	1629	gender	T032	C0079399
28013256	1630	1640	competency	T080	C0086035
28013256	1660	1666	health	T078	C0018684
28013256	1671	1694	health related services	T058	C0018747
28013256	1699	1707	increase	T081	C0205217
28013256	1712	1723	utilisation	T058	C0042155
28013256	1732	1740	services	T058	C0018747
28013256	1744	1747	men	T098	C0025266
28013256	1760	1767	improve	T033	C0184511
28013256	1768	1783	health outcomes	T057	C0085565
28013256	1788	1791	men	T098	C0025266

28013377|t|Hospital clowning: a paediatrician's view
28013377|a|This study investigates the current position of hospital clowns from the perspective of paediatricians and paediatric residents. A total of 14 attending paediatricians and paediatric residents participated in two focus group sessions. Data were analysed using Atlas.ti 5.0. In general, physicians reported positive experiences regarding the interaction between hospital clowns and paediatric patients on the ward. Physicians were more interested in research on children's perception of hospital clowns than in research on the clinical efficacy of hospital clowning. No direct collaboration between physicians and hospital clowns was reported. However, physicians proposed conditions which may streamline their encounters with hospital clowns such as clear communication prior to hospital clown visits, and the condition that visits do not impede medical interventions. Overall, paediatricians and paediatric residents view the positive impact on paediatric patients as the most important aspect of hospital clown visits, rather than the clinical efficacy of hospital clowning. In light of the growing number of hospital clowns worldwide, this article provides recommendations for arranging their encounters with paediatricians and paediatric residents to maintain optimal health care. What is known: • Previous studies show a clinically significant pain - and anxiety - reducing effect of hospital clowning in paediatric patients admitted to hospitals or undergoing (invasive) medical procedures. • In general, paediatricians have positive ideas about hospital clowns, aside from personal prejudices. What is new: • This novel study gives deeper insight into day-to-day interaction between paediatricians and hospital clowns on the ward. • This study provides recommendations for clinical practice to arrange encounters between physicians and hospital clowns during hospital clown visits.
28013377	0	17	Hospital clowning	T073,T093	C0018704
28013377	21	36	paediatrician's	T097	C0237433
28013377	37	41	view	T041	C0030971
28013377	47	52	study	T062	C0681814
28013377	53	65	investigates	T169	C1292732
28013377	70	77	current	T079	C0521116
28013377	90	105	hospital clowns	T097	C0335094
28013377	115	126	perspective	T041	C0030971
28013377	130	144	paediatricians	T097	C0237433
28013377	149	169	paediatric residents	UnknownType	C0259967
28013377	173	178	total	T080	C0439810
28013377	185	209	attending paediatricians	T097	C0237433
28013377	214	234	paediatric residents	UnknownType	C0259967
28013377	235	247	participated	T169	C0679823
28013377	255	275	focus group sessions	T077	C1883017
28013377	277	281	Data	T078	C1511726
28013377	287	295	analysed	T062	C0936012
28013377	302	314	Atlas.ti 5.0	T073,T170	C0037585
28013377	319	326	general	T082	C0205246
28013377	328	338	physicians	T097	C0031831
28013377	339	347	reported	T170	C0684224
28013377	348	356	positive	T033	C1446409
28013377	357	368	experiences	T041	C0596545
28013377	383	394	interaction	T033	C0037420
28013377	403	418	hospital clowns	T097	C0335094
28013377	423	442	paediatric patients	T101	C0030705
28013377	450	454	ward	T073,T093	C1305702
28013377	456	466	Physicians	T097	C0031831
28013377	477	487	interested	T041	C0543488
28013377	491	499	research	T062	C0035168
28013377	503	524	children's perception	T041	C3825851
28013377	528	543	hospital clowns	T097	C0335094
28013377	552	560	research	T062	C0035168
28013377	568	585	clinical efficacy	T080	C3850123
28013377	589	606	hospital clowning	T073,T093	C0018704
28013377	608	617	No direct	T080	C0205556
28013377	618	631	collaboration	T054	C0282116
28013377	640	650	physicians	T097	C0031831
28013377	655	670	hospital clowns	T097	C0335094
28013377	675	683	reported	T170	C0684224
28013377	694	704	physicians	T097	C0031831
28013377	705	713	proposed	T080	C1553874
28013377	714	724	conditions	T080	C0348080
28013377	735	745	streamline	T080	C0442799
28013377	752	762	encounters	T053	C1947978
28013377	768	783	hospital clowns	T097	C0335094
28013377	792	811	clear communication	T054	C0009452
28013377	812	817	prior	T079	C0332152
28013377	821	835	hospital clown	T097	C0335094
28013377	836	842	visits	T058	C1512346
28013377	852	861	condition	T080	C0348080
28013377	867	873	visits	T053	C0545082
28013377	881	887	impede	T080	C0332454
28013377	888	909	medical interventions	T061	C0184661
28013377	911	918	Overall	T080	C1561607
28013377	920	934	paediatricians	T097	C0237433
28013377	939	959	paediatric residents	UnknownType	C0259967
28013377	960	964	view	T041	C0030971
28013377	969	977	positive	T033	C1446409
28013377	978	984	impact	T080	C4049986
28013377	988	1007	paediatric patients	T101	C0030705
28013377	1020	1029	important	T080	C3898777
28013377	1030	1036	aspect	T080	C1879746
28013377	1040	1054	hospital clown	T097	C0335094
28013377	1055	1061	visits	T058	C1512346
28013377	1079	1096	clinical efficacy	T080	C3850123
28013377	1100	1117	hospital clowning	T073,T093	C0018704
28013377	1153	1168	hospital clowns	T097	C0335094
28013377	1169	1178	worldwide	T098	C2700280
28013377	1185	1192	article	T170	C1706852
28013377	1202	1217	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28013377	1238	1248	encounters	T053	C1947978
28013377	1254	1268	paediatricians	T097	C0237433
28013377	1273	1293	paediatric residents	UnknownType	C0259967
28013377	1297	1305	maintain	T052	C0024501
28013377	1306	1313	optimal	T080	C2698651
28013377	1314	1325	health care	T058	C0086388
28013377	1344	1352	Previous	T079	C0205156
28013377	1353	1360	studies	T062	C0681814
28013377	1368	1390	clinically significant	T078	C0750502
28013377	1391	1395	pain	T184	C0030193
28013377	1402	1409	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28013377	1412	1427	reducing effect	T080	C1280500
28013377	1431	1448	hospital clowning	T073,T093	C0018704
28013377	1452	1471	paediatric patients	T101	C0030705
28013377	1472	1493	admitted to hospitals	T058	C0184666
28013377	1497	1507	undergoing	T080	C0205556
28013377	1509	1517	invasive	T080	C0205281
28013377	1519	1537	medical procedures	T058	C0199171
28013377	1553	1567	paediatricians	T097	C0237433
28013377	1573	1581	positive	T033	C1446409
28013377	1582	1587	ideas	T078	C1254370
28013377	1594	1609	hospital clowns	T097	C0335094
28013377	1622	1641	personal prejudices	T055	C0033023
28013377	1663	1668	novel	T080	C0205314
28013377	1669	1674	study	T062	C0681814
28013377	1688	1695	insight	T041	C0233820
28013377	1701	1711	day-to-day	T079	C1254367
28013377	1712	1723	interaction	T033	C0037420
28013377	1732	1746	paediatricians	T097	C0237433
28013377	1751	1766	hospital clowns	T097	C0335094
28013377	1774	1778	ward	T073,T093	C1305702
28013377	1787	1792	study	T062	C0681814
28013377	1802	1817	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28013377	1822	1839	clinical practice	T170	C0282451
28013377	1851	1861	encounters	T053	C1947978
28013377	1870	1880	physicians	T097	C0031831
28013377	1885	1900	hospital clowns	T097	C0335094
28013377	1908	1922	hospital clown	T097	C0335094
28013377	1923	1929	visits	T058	C1512346

28017476|t|Double strand break induction and kinetics indicate preserved hypersensitivity in keratinocytes to subtherapeutic doses for 7 weeks of radiotherapy
28017476|a|Previously we reported that hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) was evidenced by quantifying DNA double strand break (DSB) foci in epidermis biopsies collected after delivering radiotherapeutic one and five dose fractions. The aim of this study was to determine whether HRS was preserved throughout a 7- week radiotherapy treatment, and also to examine the rate of foci decline and foci persistence between dose fractions. 42 patients with prostate cancer received 7- week fractionated radiotherapy treatment (RT) with daily dose fractions of 0.05-1.10Gy to the skin. Before RT, and at several times throughout treatment, skin biopsies (n=452) were collected at 30min, and 2, 3, 24, and 72h after dose fractions. DSB-foci markers, γH2AX and 53BP1, were labelled in epidermal keratinocytes with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Foci were counted both with digital image analysis and manually. HRS in keratinocytes was evidenced by the dose-response relationships of DSB foci, observed throughout the treatment course, independent of sampling time and quantification method. Foci observed at 24h after dose fractions indicated considerable DSB persistence. Accordingly, foci significantly accumulated after 5 consecutive dose fractions. For doses below 0.3Gy, persistent foci could be observed even at 72h after damage induction. A comparison of γH2AX and 53BP1 quantifications in double-staine d biopsies showed similar HRS dose-response relationships. These results represented the first evidence of preserved HRS, assessed by γH2AX - and 53BP1 -labelled DSB foci, throughout a 7- week treatment course with daily repeated subtherapeutic dose fractions.
28017476	0	19	Double strand break	T049	C1511667
28017476	20	29	induction	T169	C0205263
28017476	34	42	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28017476	62	78	hypersensitivity	T046	C0020517
28017476	82	95	keratinocytes	T025	C0022567
28017476	99	113	subtherapeutic	T169	C0302350
28017476	114	119	doses	T081	C0178602
28017476	126	131	weeks	T079	C0439230
28017476	135	147	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28017476	176	198	hyper-radiosensitivity	T032	C0034537
28017476	200	203	HRS	T032	C0034537
28017476	222	233	quantifying	T081	C1709793
28017476	234	268	DNA double strand break (DSB) foci	T026	C3159064
28017476	272	281	epidermis	T024	C0014520
28017476	282	290	biopsies	T060	C0005558
28017476	318	334	radiotherapeutic	T170	C0034619
28017476	348	362	dose fractions	T081	C0178602
28017476	368	371	aim	T078	C1947946
28017476	380	385	study	T062	C2603343
28017476	411	414	HRS	T032	C0034537
28017476	445	449	week	T079	C0439230
28017476	450	462	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28017476	463	472	treatment	T061	C0087111
28017476	506	510	foci	T026	C3159064
28017476	523	527	foci	T026	C3159064
28017476	548	562	dose fractions	T081	C0178602
28017476	567	575	patients	T101	C0030705
28017476	581	596	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28017476	609	613	week	T079	C0439230
28017476	627	649	radiotherapy treatment	T061	C1522449
28017476	651	653	RT	T061	C1522449
28017476	666	680	dose fractions	T081	C0178602
28017476	703	707	skin	T022	C1123023
28017476	716	718	RT	T061	C1522449
28017476	752	761	treatment	T061	C0087111
28017476	763	776	skin biopsies	T060	C0150866
28017476	838	852	dose fractions	T081	C0178602
28017476	854	862	DSB-foci	T026	C3159064
28017476	863	870	markers	T086	C0012872
28017476	872	877	γH2AX	T028	C1415406
28017476	882	887	53BP1	T028	C1420865
28017476	906	915	epidermal	T024	C0014520
28017476	916	929	keratinocytes	T025	C0022567
28017476	935	953	immunofluorescence	T059	C0016318
28017476	958	986	immunohistochemical staining	T059	C1508788
28017476	1016	1038	digital image analysis	T060	C2348290
28017476	1053	1056	HRS	T032	C0034537
28017476	1060	1073	keratinocytes	T025	C0022567
28017476	1095	1122	dose-response relationships	T038	C0678790
28017476	1126	1134	DSB foci	T026	C3159064
28017476	1160	1176	treatment course	T079	C0454268
28017476	1178	1192	independent of	T169	C0332291
28017476	1193	1201	sampling	T060	C0441621
28017476	1202	1206	time	T079	C0040223
28017476	1211	1225	quantification	T081	C1709793
28017476	1226	1232	method	T170	C0025663
28017476	1234	1238	Foci	T026	C3159064
28017476	1261	1275	dose fractions	T081	C0178602
28017476	1299	1302	DSB	T049	C1511667
28017476	1329	1333	foci	T026	C3159064
28017476	1380	1394	dose fractions	T081	C0178602
28017476	1400	1405	doses	T081	C0178602
28017476	1430	1434	foci	T026	C3159064
28017476	1471	1477	damage	T049	C0012860
28017476	1478	1487	induction	T169	C0205263
28017476	1491	1501	comparison	T052	C1707455
28017476	1505	1510	γH2AX	T028	C1415406
28017476	1515	1520	53BP1	T028	C1420865
28017476	1521	1536	quantifications	T081	C1709793
28017476	1540	1553	double-staine	T080	C2986582
28017476	1556	1564	biopsies	T060	C0005558
28017476	1580	1583	HRS	T032	C0034537
28017476	1584	1611	dose-response relationships	T038	C0678790
28017476	1649	1657	evidence	T078	C3887511
28017476	1671	1674	HRS	T032	C0034537
28017476	1676	1684	assessed	T052	C1516048
28017476	1688	1693	γH2AX	T028	C1415406
28017476	1700	1705	53BP1	T028	C1420865
28017476	1716	1724	DSB foci	T026	C3159064
28017476	1742	1746	week	T079	C0439230
28017476	1747	1763	treatment course	T079	C0454268
28017476	1769	1774	daily	T079	C0332173
28017476	1784	1798	subtherapeutic	T169	C0302350
28017476	1799	1813	dose fractions	T081	C0178602

28017917|t|Intrinsic inter-network brain dysfunction correlates with symptom dimensions in late-life depression
28017917|a|Prior studies have demonstrated dysfunctions within the core neurocognitive networks (the executive control [ECN], default mode [DMN] and salience [SN] networks) in late-life depression (LLD). Whether inter-network dysfunctional connectivity is present in LLD, and if such disruptions are associated with core symptom dimensions is unknown. A cross-sectional resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging investigation was conducted of LLD (n = 39) and age - and gender -equated healthy comparison (HC) (n = 29) participants. Dual regression independent component analysis approach was used to identify components that represented the ECN, DMN and SN. The intrinsic inter-network connectivity was compared between LLD and HC participants and the relationship of inter-network connectivity abnormalities with dimensional measures was examined. Relative to HC participants, LLD subjects showed decreased inter-network connectivity between the bilateral ECN and default mode subcortical (thalamus, basal ganglia and ventral striatum) networks, and the left ECN and SN insula component; and increased inter-network connections between the left ECN and posterior DMN and salience (dorsal anterior cingulate) network components. Distinct inter-network connectivity abnormalities correlated with depression and anxiety severity, and executive dysfunction in LLD participants. LLD subjects also showed pronounced intra-network connectivity differences within the ECN, whereas fewer but significant DMN and SN disruptions were also detected. Investigating the intrinsic inter-network functional connectivity could provide a mechanistic framework to better understand the neural basis that underlies core symptom dimensions in LLD. Inter-network connectivity measures have the potential to be neuroimaging biomarkers of symptom dimensions comprising LLD, and may assist in developing symptom -specific treatment algorithms.
28017917	0	9	Intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28017917	10	41	inter-network brain dysfunction	T047	C0262405
28017917	42	52	correlates	T080	C1707520
28017917	58	65	symptom	T184	C1457887
28017917	66	76	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28017917	80	100	late-life depression	T048	C0011570
28017917	133	145	dysfunctions	T047	C0262405
28017917	157	161	core	T082	C0444669
28017917	162	185	neurocognitive networks	T022	C0460002
28017917	191	208	executive control	T022	C0460002
28017917	210	213	ECN	T022	C0460002
28017917	216	228	default mode	T022	C0460002
28017917	230	233	DMN	T022	C0460002
28017917	239	261	salience [SN] networks	T022	C0460002
28017917	266	286	late-life depression	T048	C0011570
28017917	288	291	LLD	T048	C0011570
28017917	302	342	inter-network dysfunctional connectivity	T041	C0025361
28017917	357	360	LLD	T048	C0011570
28017917	374	385	disruptions	T169	C0332453
28017917	390	405	associated with	T080	C0332281
28017917	406	410	core	T082	C0444669
28017917	411	418	symptom	T184	C1457887
28017917	419	429	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28017917	444	524	cross-sectional resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C4288291
28017917	525	538	investigation	T058	C0220825
28017917	556	559	LLD	T098	C0679646
28017917	573	576	age	T032	C0001779
28017917	583	589	gender	T032	C0079399
28017917	599	606	healthy	T080	C3898900
28017917	632	644	participants	T098	C1708335
28017917	646	692	Dual regression independent component analysis	T170	C0034980
28017917	755	758	ECN	T022	C0460002
28017917	760	763	DMN	T022	C0460002
28017917	768	770	SN	T022	C0460002
28017917	776	785	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28017917	786	812	inter-network connectivity	T041	C0025361
28017917	834	837	LLD	T098	C0679646
28017917	842	857	HC participants	T098	C1708335
28017917	866	878	relationship	T080	C0439849
28017917	882	922	inter-network connectivity abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28017917	928	948	dimensional measures	T081	C0392762
28017917	975	990	HC participants	T098	C1708335
28017917	992	1004	LLD subjects	T098	C0080105
28017917	1012	1021	decreased	T081	C0205216
28017917	1022	1048	inter-network connectivity	T041	C0025361
28017917	1061	1070	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28017917	1071	1074	ECN	T022	C0460002
28017917	1092	1103	subcortical	T029	C0815275
28017917	1105	1113	thalamus	T023	C0039729
28017917	1115	1128	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
28017917	1133	1149	ventral striatum	T023	C0750950
28017917	1151	1159	networks	T040	C0598941
28017917	1169	1173	left	T082	C0205091
28017917	1174	1177	ECN	T022	C0460002
28017917	1182	1184	SN	T022	C0460002
28017917	1185	1201	insula component	T023	C0021640
28017917	1207	1216	increased	T081	C0205217
28017917	1217	1242	inter-network connections	T023	C0086699
28017917	1255	1259	left	T082	C0205091
28017917	1260	1263	ECN	T022	C0460002
28017917	1268	1277	posterior	T082	C0205095
28017917	1278	1281	DMN	T022	C0460002
28017917	1286	1294	salience	T022	C0460002
28017917	1296	1321	dorsal anterior cingulate	T029	C3495548
28017917	1323	1341	network components	T040	C0598941
28017917	1343	1392	Distinct inter-network connectivity abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28017917	1393	1403	correlated	T080	C1707520
28017917	1409	1419	depression	T048	C0011570
28017917	1424	1440	anxiety severity	T048	C0003469
28017917	1446	1467	executive dysfunction	T048	C2748208
28017917	1471	1487	LLD participants	T098	C0679646
28017917	1489	1501	LLD subjects	T098	C0080105
28017917	1525	1551	intra-network connectivity	T041	C0025361
28017917	1575	1578	ECN	T022	C0460002
28017917	1610	1613	DMN	T022	C0460002
28017917	1618	1620	SN	T022	C0460002
28017917	1621	1632	disruptions	T169	C0332453
28017917	1643	1651	detected	T033	C0442726
28017917	1671	1718	intrinsic inter-network functional connectivity	T041	C0025361
28017917	1735	1756	mechanistic framework	T080	C0205556
28017917	1782	1794	neural basis	T169	C3714606
28017917	1810	1814	core	T082	C0444669
28017917	1815	1822	symptom	T184	C1457887
28017917	1823	1833	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28017917	1837	1840	LLD	T048	C0011570
28017917	1842	1868	Inter-network connectivity	T041	C0025361
28017917	1903	1926	neuroimaging biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28017917	1930	1937	symptom	T184	C1457887
28017917	1938	1948	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28017917	1960	1963	LLD	T048	C0011570
28017917	1994	2001	symptom	T184	C1457887
28017917	2012	2032	treatment algorithms	T170	C0002045

28018203|t|Computational Properties of the Hippocampus Increase the Efficiency of Goal-Directed Foraging through Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
28018203|a|The mammalian brain is thought to use a version of Model -based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) to guide "goal-directed" behavior, wherein animals consider goals and make plans to acquire desired outcomes. However, conventional MBRL algorithms do not fully explain animals ' ability to rapidly adapt to environmental changes, or learn multiple complex tasks. They also require extensive computation, suggesting that goal-directed behavior is cognitively expensive. We propose here that key features of processing in the hippocampus support a flexible MBRL mechanism for spatial navigation that is computationally efficient and can adapt quickly to change. We investigate this idea by implementing a computational MBRL framework that incorporates features inspired by computational properties of the hippocampus: a hierarchical representation of space, "forward sweeps" through future spatial trajectories, and context -driven remapping of place cells. We find that a hierarchical abstraction of space greatly reduces the computational load (mental effort) required for adaptation to changing environmental conditions, and allows efficient scaling to large problems. It also allows abstract knowledge gained at high levels to guide adaptation to new obstacles. Moreover, a context -driven remapping mechanism allows learning and memory of multiple tasks. Simulating dorsal or ventral hippocampal lesions in our computational framework qualitatively reproduces behavioral deficits observed in rodents with analogous lesions. The framework may thus embody key features of how the brain organizes model -based RL to efficiently solve navigation and other difficult tasks.
28018203	0	13	Computational	T052	C1880157
28018203	14	24	Properties	T080	C0871161
28018203	32	43	Hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28018203	44	52	Increase	T169	C0442805
28018203	57	67	Efficiency	T081	C0013682
28018203	71	93	Goal-Directed Foraging	T053	C0237624
28018203	102	137	Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning	UnknownType	C0683263
28018203	142	151	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28018203	152	157	brain	T023	C0006104
28018203	178	185	version	T170	C0333052
28018203	189	194	Model	T170	C3161035
28018203	202	224	Reinforcement Learning	UnknownType	C0683263
28018203	226	230	MBRL	UnknownType	C0683263
28018203	241	265	"goal-directed" behavior	T078	C1537018
28018203	275	282	animals	T008	C0003062
28018203	292	297	goals	T170	C0018017
28018203	307	312	plans	T041	C0025361
28018203	332	340	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28018203	351	363	conventional	T080	C0439858
28018203	364	368	MBRL	UnknownType	C0683263
28018203	369	379	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28018203	401	408	animals	T008	C0003062
28018203	411	418	ability	T032	C0085732
28018203	430	435	adapt	T169	C0205245
28018203	439	460	environmental changes	T033	C4060636
28018203	465	470	learn	T041	C0023185
28018203	471	479	multiple	T081	C0439064
28018203	480	487	complex	T080	C0439855
28018203	488	493	tasks	T057	C3540678
28018203	513	522	extensive	T080	C0205231
28018203	523	534	computation	T052	C1880157
28018203	552	574	goal-directed behavior	T078	C1537018
28018203	578	589	cognitively	T169	C1516691
28018203	590	599	expensive	T080	C0205556
28018203	626	634	features	T080	C1521970
28018203	638	648	processing	T052	C1709694
28018203	656	667	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28018203	678	686	flexible	T080	C0443220
28018203	687	691	MBRL	UnknownType	C0683263
28018203	692	701	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28018203	706	724	spatial navigation	T041	C3850152
28018203	733	748	computationally	T052	C1880157
28018203	749	758	efficient	T080	C0442799
28018203	767	772	adapt	T169	C0205245
28018203	784	790	change	T169	C0392747
28018203	795	806	investigate	T169	C1292732
28018203	820	832	implementing	T169	C0205245
28018203	835	848	computational	T052	C1880157
28018203	849	853	MBRL	UnknownType	C0683263
28018203	854	863	framework	T077	C1254372
28018203	882	890	features	T080	C1521970
28018203	903	916	computational	T052	C1880157
28018203	917	927	properties	T080	C0871161
28018203	935	946	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28018203	950	977	hierarchical representation	T052	C1882932
28018203	981	986	space	T082	C1883067
28018203	1020	1040	spatial trajectories	T082	C1254362
28018203	1046	1053	context	T078	C0449255
28018203	1062	1071	remapping	T052	C1283195
28018203	1075	1086	place cells	T025	C4277646
28018203	1103	1127	hierarchical abstraction	T170	C0679195
28018203	1131	1136	space	T082	C1883067
28018203	1145	1152	reduces	T080	C0392756
28018203	1157	1170	computational	T052	C1880157
28018203	1171	1175	load	T081	C0870879
28018203	1177	1190	mental effort	T081	C0870879
28018203	1205	1215	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28018203	1219	1227	changing	T169	C0392747
28018203	1228	1241	environmental	T082	C0014406
28018203	1242	1252	conditions	T080	C0348080
28018203	1265	1274	efficient	T080	C0442799
28018203	1275	1282	scaling	T052	C1947916
28018203	1286	1291	large	T081	C0549177
28018203	1292	1300	problems	T033	C0033213
28018203	1317	1325	abstract	T078	C1552863
28018203	1326	1335	knowledge	T041	C0162340
28018203	1346	1350	high	T080	C0205250
28018203	1351	1357	levels	T080	C0441889
28018203	1367	1377	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28018203	1385	1394	obstacles	T080	C0205556
28018203	1408	1415	context	T078	C0449255
28018203	1424	1433	remapping	T052	C1283195
28018203	1434	1443	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28018203	1451	1459	learning	T041	C0023185
28018203	1464	1470	memory	T041	C0025260
28018203	1474	1482	multiple	T081	C0439064
28018203	1483	1488	tasks	T057	C3540678
28018203	1490	1500	Simulating	T062	C0679083
28018203	1501	1507	dorsal	T082	C0205095
28018203	1511	1518	ventral	T082	C1704448
28018203	1519	1530	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28018203	1531	1538	lesions	T047	C0221505
28018203	1546	1559	computational	T052	C1880157
28018203	1560	1569	framework	T077	C1254372
28018203	1570	1583	qualitatively	T080	C0205556
28018203	1595	1605	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28018203	1606	1614	deficits	T080	C2987487
28018203	1627	1634	rodents	T015	C0035804
28018203	1640	1649	analogous	T080	C2348205
28018203	1650	1657	lesions	T047	C0221505
28018203	1663	1672	framework	T077	C1254372
28018203	1693	1701	features	T080	C1521970
28018203	1713	1718	brain	T023	C0006104
28018203	1729	1734	model	T170	C3161035
28018203	1742	1744	RL	UnknownType	C0683263
28018203	1748	1759	efficiently	T080	C0442799
28018203	1766	1776	navigation	T052	C2827562
28018203	1787	1796	difficult	T080	C0332218
28018203	1797	1802	tasks	T057	C3540678

28018330|t|Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Shedding and Antibody Response in Swine Farms: A Longitudinal Study
28018330|a|The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes an acute and highly contagious enteric disease characterized by severe enteritis, vomiting, watery diarrhea, and a high mortality rate in seronegative neonatal piglets. In the last few years, PED had a large economic impact on the swine industries in Asia and the US, and in 2014, the PEDV also re-emerged in Europe. Two main PEDV variants circulate worldwide but only the S INDEL variant, considered a mild strain, is spreading in Europe. To gain insights into the pathogenicity of this variant, its viral load and temporal shedding pattern were evaluated in piglets from infected farms. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the spike gene, was validated according to the minimum information for quantitative real-time PCR experiments guidelines. The qPCR was applied to longitudinal studies conducted in four swine farms naturally infected with the PEDV S INDEL variant. Clinical data, fecal swabs, and blood samples were collected from 103 piglets at 15-30-day intervals for 2-5 months. On all four farms, diarrhea was observed in sows during gestation and in farrowing units, and the mortality rates of piglets were 18, 25, 30, and 35%. Different clinical pictures (0-50% of diarrhea positivity), viral titer levels (mean 5.3-7.2 log10 genome copies /mL), and antibody conditions (30-80% of positivity) were registered among sows on the four farms. The percentage of qPCR positive piglets varied greatly from the beginning (63-100%) to the end (0%) of the infection course. Clinical signs were present in 96% of the qPCR positive animals. Viral loads ranged from 8.5 log10 to 4 log10 genome copies /mL in suckling pigs at 3-6 days of age and were not statistically different among farms, despite the different patterns observed in sows. After 2-3 weeks, only a few piglets still showed detectable viral levels and clinical signs, and they developed antibody responses. Moreover, co-infections with other pathogens and biosecurity procedures limiting the circulation of the virus could have influenced the severity of PED infection. QPCR and clinical data were useful in understanding the dynamics of PEDV infections and, therefore, in implementing appropriate control measures.
28018330	0	31	Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus	T005	C0318855
28018330	32	40	Shedding	T046	C0162633
28018330	45	62	Antibody Response	T038	C0003261
28018330	66	77	Swine Farms	T082	C0557759
28018330	81	99	Longitudinal Study	T062	C0023981
28018330	104	135	porcine epidemic diarrhea virus	T005	C0318855
28018330	137	141	PEDV	T005	C0318855
28018330	153	158	acute	T079	C0205178
28018330	170	180	contagious	T047	C0009450
28018330	181	196	enteric disease	T047	C0009450
28018330	221	230	enteritis	T047	C0014335
28018330	232	240	vomiting	T184	C0042963
28018330	242	257	watery diarrhea	T184	C0239182
28018330	270	284	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
28018330	288	300	seronegative	T034	C0521144
28018330	301	309	neonatal	T079	C2939425
28018330	310	317	piglets	T015	C0039005
28018330	335	340	years	T079	C0439234
28018330	342	345	PED	T047	C0277527
28018330	358	373	economic impact	T081	C0681024
28018330	381	397	swine industries	T057	C0021267
28018330	401	405	Asia	T083	C0003980
28018330	414	416	US	T083	C0041703
28018330	435	439	PEDV	T005	C0318855
28018330	459	465	Europe	T083	C0015176
28018330	476	480	PEDV	T005	C0318855
28018330	481	489	variants	T080	C0205419
28018330	490	499	circulate	T169	C0175630
28018330	523	538	S INDEL variant	T080	C0205419
28018330	553	564	mild strain	T001	C1518614
28018330	569	578	spreading	T080	C0332261
28018330	582	588	Europe	T083	C0015176
28018330	616	629	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
28018330	638	645	variant	T080	C0205419
28018330	651	661	viral load	T059	C1261478
28018330	666	683	temporal shedding	T046	C0162633
28018330	684	691	pattern	T082	C0449774
28018330	710	717	piglets	T015	C0039005
28018330	723	731	infected	T033	C0439663
28018330	732	737	farms	T082	C0557759
28018330	739	765	Quantitative real-time PCR	T063	C3179034
28018330	767	771	qPCR	T063	C3179034
28018330	787	797	spike gene	T028	C0017337
28018330	830	837	minimum	T080	C1524031
28018330	838	849	information	T078	C1533716
28018330	854	880	quantitative real-time PCR	T063	C3179034
28018330	893	903	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28018330	909	913	qPCR	T063	C3179034
28018330	929	949	longitudinal studies	T062	C0023981
28018330	968	979	swine farms	T082	C0557759
28018330	990	998	infected	T033	C0439663
28018330	1008	1012	PEDV	T005	C0318855
28018330	1013	1028	S INDEL variant	T080	C0205419
28018330	1030	1043	Clinical data	T170	C1516606
28018330	1045	1056	fecal swabs	T031	C3687476
28018330	1062	1075	blood samples	T031	C0178913
28018330	1100	1107	piglets	T015	C0039005
28018330	1121	1130	intervals	T079	C1272706
28018330	1139	1145	months	T079	C0439231
28018330	1159	1164	farms	T082	C0557759
28018330	1166	1174	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
28018330	1179	1187	observed	T169	C1441672
28018330	1191	1195	sows	T015	C0684075
28018330	1203	1212	gestation	T040	C0032961
28018330	1220	1229	farrowing	T040	C1314680
28018330	1245	1260	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
28018330	1264	1271	piglets	T015	C0039005
28018330	1308	1325	clinical pictures	T033	C0243095
28018330	1336	1344	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
28018330	1358	1376	viral titer levels	T081	C0392762
28018330	1378	1382	mean	T081	C0444504
28018330	1397	1410	genome copies	T028	C0017428
28018330	1421	1440	antibody conditions	T116,T129	C0003241
28018330	1486	1490	sows	T015	C0684075
28018330	1503	1508	farms	T082	C0557759
28018330	1514	1524	percentage	T078	C1549488
28018330	1528	1532	qPCR	T063	C3179034
28018330	1542	1549	piglets	T015	C0039005
28018330	1617	1633	infection course	T079	C0750729
28018330	1635	1649	Clinical signs	T033	C3540840
28018330	1677	1681	qPCR	T063	C3179034
28018330	1691	1698	animals	T008	C0003062
28018330	1700	1711	Viral loads	T033	C0376705
28018330	1745	1758	genome copies	T028	C0017428
28018330	1766	1779	suckling pigs	T015	C0039005
28018330	1795	1798	age	T032	C0001779
28018330	1842	1847	farms	T082	C0557759
28018330	1871	1879	patterns	T082	C0449774
28018330	1880	1888	observed	T169	C1441672
28018330	1892	1896	sows	T015	C0684075
28018330	1908	1913	weeks	T079	C0439230
28018330	1926	1933	piglets	T015	C0039005
28018330	1958	1970	viral levels	T033	C0376705
28018330	1975	1989	clinical signs	T033	C3540840
28018330	2010	2028	antibody responses	T038	C0003261
28018330	2040	2053	co-infections	T047	C0275524
28018330	2065	2074	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28018330	2079	2101	biosecurity procedures	T169	C2700391
28018330	2115	2126	circulation	T169	C0175630
28018330	2134	2139	virus	T005	C0042776
28018330	2151	2161	influenced	T077	C4054723
28018330	2166	2174	severity	T080	C0439793
28018330	2178	2181	PED	T047	C0277527
28018330	2182	2191	infection	T046	C3714514
28018330	2193	2197	QPCR	T063	C3179034
28018330	2202	2215	clinical data	T170	C1516606
28018330	2249	2257	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28018330	2261	2276	PEDV infections	T046	C3714514
28018330	2309	2337	appropriate control measures	T033	C3874489

28018523|t|Long-term outcomes of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with fiducial tracking for inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
28018523|a|Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is considered standard of care in the medically inoperable patient population. Multiple methods of SBRT delivery exist including fiducial -based tumor tracking, which allows for smaller treatment margins and avoidance of patient immobilization devices. We explore the long-term clinical outcomes of this novel fiducial -based SBRT method. In this single institutional retrospective review, we detail the outcomes of medically inoperable pathologically confirmed stage I NSCLC. Patients were treated with the Cyberknife SBRT system using a planning target volume (PTV) defined as a 5-mm expansion from gross tumor volume (GTV) without creation of an internal target volume (ITV). Dose was delivered in three or five equal fractions of 10 to 20 Gy. Pretreatment and posttreatment pulmonary function test (PFT) changes and evidence of late radiological rib fractures were analyzed for the majority of patients. Actuarial local control, locoregional control, distant control, and overall survival were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Sixty-one patients with a median age of 75 years were available for analysis. The majority (80 %) of patients were deemed to be medically inoperable due to underlying pulmonary dysfunction. Eleven patients (18 %) developed symptomatic pneumothoraces secondary to fiducial placement under CT guidance, which precipitously dropped to 0 % following transition to bronchoscopic fiducial placement. The 2-year rib fracture risk was 21.4 % with a median time to rib fracture of 2.9 years. PFTs averaged over all patients and parameters demonstrated small absolute declines, 5.7 % averaged PFT decline, at approximately 1 year of follow-up, but only the diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) demonstrated a statistically significant decline (10.29 vs. 9.01 mL/min/mmHg, p = 0.01). Five-year local control, locoregional control, and overall surviva l were 87.6, 71.8, and 39.3 %, respectively. Despite reduced treatment margins and lack of patient immobilization, SBRT with fiducial -based tumor tracking achieves clinically comparable long-term outcomes to other linac -based SBRT approaches.
28018523	0	9	Long-term	T079	C0443252
28018523	10	18	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28018523	22	57	stereotactic body radiation therapy	T061	C3896609
28018523	59	63	SBRT	T061	C3896609
28018523	70	78	fiducial	T074	C2826325
28018523	79	87	tracking	T082	C0546881
28018523	92	102	inoperable	T080	C0205187
28018523	103	137	stage I non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0278504
28018523	139	144	NSCLC	T191	C0278504
28018523	146	181	Stereotactic body radiation therapy	T061	C3896609
28018523	183	187	SBRT	T061	C3896609
28018523	193	227	stage I non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0278504
28018523	229	234	NSCLC	T191	C0278504
28018523	250	266	standard of care	T061	C2936643
28018523	274	283	medically	T169	C0205476
28018523	284	294	inoperable	T080	C0205187
28018523	295	302	patient	T101	C0030705
28018523	303	313	population	T098	C1257890
28018523	315	331	Multiple methods	T061	C0087111
28018523	335	339	SBRT	T061	C3896609
28018523	340	348	delivery	T058	C0011211
28018523	365	373	fiducial	T074	C2826325
28018523	381	386	tumor	T191	C0027651
28018523	387	395	tracking	T082	C0546881
28018523	414	421	smaller	T080	C0547044
28018523	422	439	treatment margins	T023	C0229985
28018523	457	487	patient immobilization devices	T061	C0035260
28018523	504	513	long-term	T079	C0443252
28018523	514	531	clinical outcomes	T033	C0243095
28018523	540	545	novel	T080	C0205314
28018523	546	554	fiducial	T074	C2826325
28018523	562	573	SBRT method	T061	C3896609
28018523	583	603	single institutional	T073,T093	C1266869
28018523	604	617	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28018523	618	624	review	T169	C0699752
28018523	640	648	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28018523	652	661	medically	T169	C0205476
28018523	662	672	inoperable	T080	C0205187
28018523	673	687	pathologically	T169	C1521733
28018523	688	697	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28018523	698	711	stage I NSCLC	T191	C0278504
28018523	713	721	Patients	T101	C0030705
28018523	727	739	treated with	T061	C0332293
28018523	744	754	Cyberknife	T074	C1300683
28018523	755	766	SBRT system	T061	C3896609
28018523	775	797	planning target volume	T081	C0454199
28018523	799	802	PTV	T081	C0454199
28018523	822	831	expansion	T082	C0205229
28018523	837	855	gross tumor volume	T081	C0475645
28018523	857	860	GTV	T081	C0475645
28018523	862	869	without	T080	C0332288
28018523	870	878	creation	T052	C1706214
28018523	885	907	internal target volume	T081	C0392762
28018523	909	912	ITV	T081	C0392762
28018523	915	919	Dose	T081	C0178602
28018523	924	933	delivered	T169	C1705822
28018523	957	966	fractions	T081	C1264633
28018523	983	995	Pretreatment	T052	C3539076
28018523	1000	1013	posttreatment	T079	C2709088
28018523	1014	1037	pulmonary function test	T060	C0024119
28018523	1039	1042	PFT	T060	C0024119
28018523	1044	1051	changes	T081	C0443172
28018523	1056	1067	evidence of	T169	C0332120
28018523	1068	1072	late	T079	C0205087
28018523	1073	1085	radiological	T060	C0043299
28018523	1086	1099	rib fractures	T037	C0035522
28018523	1122	1130	majority	T054	C0680220
28018523	1134	1142	patients	T101	C0030705
28018523	1212	1219	overall	T080	C1561607
28018523	1220	1228	survival	T169	C0220921
28018523	1255	1274	Kaplan-Meier method	T081	C1720943
28018523	1286	1294	patients	T101	C0030705
28018523	1302	1308	median	T081	C0876920
28018523	1309	1312	age	T032	C0001779
28018523	1344	1352	analysis	T062	C0936012
28018523	1358	1366	majority	T054	C0680220
28018523	1377	1385	patients	T101	C0030705
28018523	1404	1413	medically	T169	C0205476
28018523	1414	1424	inoperable	T080	C0205187
28018523	1443	1452	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
28018523	1453	1464	dysfunction	T046	C0277785
28018523	1473	1481	patients	T101	C0030705
28018523	1511	1535	pneumothoraces secondary	T047	C2062858
28018523	1539	1557	fiducial placement	T061	C3888577
28018523	1564	1575	CT guidance	T060	C0475322
28018523	1583	1604	precipitously dropped	T033	C0243095
28018523	1622	1632	transition	T052	C2700061
28018523	1636	1649	bronchoscopic	T074	C0179432
28018523	1650	1668	fiducial placement	T061	C3888577
28018523	1681	1693	rib fracture	T037	C0035522
28018523	1694	1698	risk	T033	C0582456
28018523	1717	1723	median	T081	C0876920
28018523	1732	1744	rib fracture	T037	C0035522
28018523	1759	1763	PFTs	T060	C0024119
28018523	1782	1790	patients	T101	C0030705
28018523	1795	1805	parameters	T077	C0549193
28018523	1819	1824	small	T081	C0700321
28018523	1825	1833	absolute	T080	C0205344
28018523	1834	1842	declines	T081	C0547047
28018523	1859	1862	PFT	T060	C0024119
28018523	1863	1870	decline	T081	C0547047
28018523	1899	1908	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28018523	1923	1969	diffusing capacity of lung for carbon monoxide	T033	C2143174
28018523	1971	1975	DLCO	T033	C2143174
28018523	1992	2017	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28018523	2018	2025	decline	T081	C0547047
28018523	2117	2124	overall	T080	C1561607
28018523	2125	2132	surviva	T169	C0220921
28018523	2186	2193	reduced	T080	C0392756
28018523	2194	2211	treatment margins	T023	C0229985
28018523	2216	2220	lack	T080	C0332268
28018523	2224	2231	patient	T101	C0030705
28018523	2232	2246	immobilization	T061	C0020944
28018523	2248	2252	SBRT	T061	C3896609
28018523	2258	2266	fiducial	T074	C2826325
28018523	2274	2279	tumor	T191	C0027651
28018523	2280	2288	tracking	T082	C0546881
28018523	2320	2329	long-term	T079	C0443252
28018523	2330	2338	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28018523	2348	2353	linac	T074	C0023730
28018523	2361	2376	SBRT approaches	T061	C3896609

28018693|t|Stickler Syndrome Type 1 with Short Stature and Atypical Ocular Manifestations
28018693|a|Stickler syndrome or hereditary progressive arthroophthalmopathy is a heterogeneous group of collagen tissue disorders, characterized by orofacial features, ophthalmological features (high myopia, vitreoretinal degeneration, retinal detachment, and presenile cataracts), hearing impairment, mild spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and/or early onset arthritis. Stickler syndrome type I (ocular form) is caused by mutation in the COL2A1 gene. Ptosis and uveitis are relatively rare ophthalmological manifestations of this syndrome. We report an Indian boy having 2710C>T mutation in COL2A1 gene demonstrating short stature, ptosis, and uveitis with Stickler syndrome.
28018693	0	24	Stickler Syndrome Type 1	T047	C2020284
28018693	30	43	Short Stature	T033	C0349588
28018693	48	56	Atypical	T080	C0205182
28018693	57	78	Ocular Manifestations	T184	C0015411
28018693	79	96	Stickler syndrome	T047	C2020284
28018693	100	143	hereditary progressive arthroophthalmopathy	T047	C2020284
28018693	149	168	heterogeneous group	T080	C0019409
28018693	172	197	collagen tissue disorders	T047	C0009326
28018693	216	225	orofacial	T185	C2827582
28018693	226	234	features	T032	C0871976
28018693	236	261	ophthalmological features	T184	C0015411
28018693	263	274	high myopia	T047	C0271183
28018693	276	302	vitreoretinal degeneration	T047	C0344290
28018693	304	322	retinal detachment	T047	C0035305
28018693	328	347	presenile cataracts	T047	C0154971
28018693	350	368	hearing impairment	T047	C1384666
28018693	370	403	mild spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia	T047	C0038015
28018693	412	433	early onset arthritis	T033	C1858369
28018693	435	459	Stickler syndrome type I	T047	C2020284
28018693	461	472	ocular form	T184	C0015411
28018693	487	495	mutation	T045	C0596611
28018693	503	514	COL2A1 gene	T028	C1413580
28018693	516	522	Ptosis	T047	C0033377
28018693	527	534	uveitis	T047	C0042164
28018693	550	554	rare	T080	C0522498
28018693	555	571	ophthalmological	T047	C0015397
28018693	572	586	manifestations	T184	C0015411
28018693	595	603	syndrome	T047	C0039082
28018693	608	614	report	T170	C0684224
28018693	618	624	Indian	T098	C1524069
28018693	625	628	boy	T100	C0870221
28018693	636	652	2710C>T mutation	T045	C0596611
28018693	656	667	COL2A1 gene	T028	C1413580
28018693	682	695	short stature	T033	C0349588
28018693	697	703	ptosis	T047	C0033377
28018693	709	716	uveitis	T047	C0042164
28018693	722	739	Stickler syndrome	T047	C2020284

28018968|t|ATG16L1 governs placental infection risk and preterm birth in mice and women
28018968|a|The placenta is a barrier against maternal-fetal transmission of pathogens. Placental infections can cause several adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB). Yet, we have limited knowledge regarding the mechanisms the placenta uses to control infections. Here, we show that autophagy, a cellular recycling pathway important for host defense against pathogens, and the autophagy gene Atg16L1 play a key role in placental defense and are negatively associated with PTB in pregnant women. First, we demonstrate that placentas from women who delivered preterm exhibit reduced autophagy activity and are associated with higher infection indicators. Second, we identify the cellular location of the autophagy activity as being in syncytial trophoblasts. Third, we demonstrate that higher levels of autophagy and ATG16L1 in human trophoblasts were associated with increased resistance to infection. Accordingly, loss of autophagy or ATG16L1 impaired trophoblast antibacterial defenses. Fourth, we show that Atg16l1 - deficient mice gave birth prematurely upon an inflammatory stimulus and their placentas were significantly less able to withstand infection. Finally, global induction of autophagy in both mouse placentas and human trophoblasts increased infection resistance. Our study has significant implications for understanding the etiology of placental infections and prematurity and developing strategies to mitigate placental infection - induced PTB.
28018968	0	7	ATG16L1	T116,T123	C0033684
28018968	16	35	placental infection	T033	C0566701
28018968	36	40	risk	T201	C0012655
28018968	45	58	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
28018968	62	66	mice	T015	C0025929
28018968	71	76	women	T098	C0043210
28018968	81	89	placenta	T018	C0032043
28018968	111	138	maternal-fetal transmission	T046	C0282474
28018968	142	151	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28018968	153	173	Placental infections	T033	C0566701
28018968	192	199	adverse	T046	C0559546
28018968	200	218	pregnancy outcomes	T033	C0032972
28018968	230	243	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
28018968	245	248	PTB	T033	C0151526
28018968	264	271	limited	T169	C0439801
28018968	272	281	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28018968	296	306	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28018968	311	319	placenta	T018	C0032043
28018968	328	335	control	T169	C2587213
28018968	336	346	infections	T047	C0009450
28018968	367	376	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28018968	380	406	cellular recycling pathway	T043	C0007613
28018968	421	433	host defense	T042	C0520990
28018968	442	451	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28018968	461	470	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28018968	471	475	gene	T028	C0017337
28018968	476	483	Atg16L1	T028	C1825502
28018968	503	512	placental	T018	C0032043
28018968	513	520	defense	T077	C1880266
28018968	529	539	negatively	T033	C1513916
28018968	540	555	associated with	T080	C0332281
28018968	556	559	PTB	T033	C0151526
28018968	563	577	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28018968	606	615	placentas	T018	C0032043
28018968	621	626	women	T098	C0043210
28018968	631	648	delivered preterm	T033	C0151526
28018968	657	664	reduced	T080	C0392756
28018968	665	674	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28018968	675	683	activity	T052	C0441655
28018968	692	707	associated with	T080	C0332281
28018968	708	714	higher	T080	C0205250
28018968	715	724	infection	T047	C0009450
28018968	725	735	indicators	T169	C1522602
28018968	748	756	identify	T080	C0205396
28018968	761	769	cellular	T025	C0007634
28018968	770	778	location	T082	C0450429
28018968	786	795	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28018968	796	804	activity	T052	C0441655
28018968	817	839	syncytial trophoblasts	T018	C1135936
28018968	868	874	higher	T080	C0205250
28018968	885	894	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28018968	899	906	ATG16L1	T116,T123	C1870238
28018968	910	915	human	T016	C0086418
28018968	916	928	trophoblasts	T018	C0041178
28018968	934	949	associated with	T080	C0332281
28018968	950	959	increased	T081	C0205217
28018968	960	983	resistance to infection	T038	C0520988
28018968	998	1002	loss	T081	C1517945
28018968	1006	1015	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28018968	1019	1026	ATG16L1	T116,T123	C1870238
28018968	1027	1035	impaired	T169	C0221099
28018968	1036	1047	trophoblast	T018	C0041178
28018968	1048	1070	antibacterial defenses	T040	C1516002
28018968	1093	1100	Atg16l1	T028	C1825502
28018968	1103	1112	deficient	T169	C0011155
28018968	1113	1117	mice	T015	C0025929
28018968	1123	1140	birth prematurely	T033	C0151526
28018968	1149	1161	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28018968	1162	1170	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28018968	1181	1190	placentas	T018	C0032043
28018968	1196	1214	significantly less	T081	C4055638
28018968	1233	1242	infection	T047	C0009450
28018968	1260	1269	induction	T169	C0205263
28018968	1273	1282	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28018968	1291	1296	mouse	T015	C0025929
28018968	1297	1306	placentas	T018	C0032043
28018968	1311	1316	human	T016	C0086418
28018968	1317	1329	trophoblasts	T018	C0041178
28018968	1330	1339	increased	T081	C0205217
28018968	1340	1360	infection resistance	T038	C0520988
28018968	1376	1387	significant	T078	C0750502
28018968	1423	1431	etiology	T169	C1314792
28018968	1435	1455	placental infections	T033	C0566701
28018968	1460	1471	prematurity	T047	C0021294
28018968	1501	1509	mitigate	T067	C1553901
28018968	1510	1529	placental infection	T033	C0566701
28018968	1532	1539	induced	T169	C0205263
28018968	1540	1543	PTB	T033	C0151526

28019021|t|Multiparametric estimation of brain hemodynamics with MR fingerprinting ASL
28019021|a|Assessment of brain hemodynamics without exogenous contrast agents is of increasing importance in clinical applications. This study aims to develop an MR perfusion technique that can provide noncontrast and multiparametric estimation of hemodynamic markers. We devised an arterial spin labeling (ASL) method based on the principle of MR fingerprinting (MRF), referred to as MRF-ASL. By taking advantage of the rich information contained in MRF sequence, up to seven hemodynamic parameters can be estimated concomitantly. Feasibility demonstration, flip angle optimization, comparison with Look-Locker ASL, reproducibility test, sensitivity to hypercapnia challenge, and initial clinical application in an intracranial steno-occlusive process, Moyamoya disease, were performed to evaluate this technique. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting ASL provided estimation of up to seven parameters, including B1+, tissue T1, cerebral blood flow (CBF), tissue bolus arrival time (BAT), pass-through arterial BAT, pass-through blood volume, and pass-through blood travel time. Coefficients of variation of the estimated parameters ranged from 0.2 to 9.6%. Hypercapnia resulted in an increase in CBF by 57.7%, and a decrease in BAT by 13.7 and 24.8% in tissue and vessels, respectively. Patients with Moyamoya disease showed diminished CBF and lengthened BAT that could not be detected with regular ASL. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting ASL is a promising technique for noncontrast, multiparametric perfusion assessment. Magn Reson Med, 2016. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
28019021	0	26	Multiparametric estimation	T062	C1513748
28019021	30	48	brain hemodynamics	T042	C4042806
28019021	54	75	MR fingerprinting ASL	T060	C3891302
28019021	76	86	Assessment	T058	C0220825
28019021	90	108	brain hemodynamics	T042	C4042806
28019021	117	126	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28019021	127	142	contrast agents	T130	C0009924
28019021	149	159	increasing	T169	C0442808
28019021	160	170	importance	T080	C3898777
28019021	174	195	clinical applications	UnknownType	C0869019
28019021	227	249	MR perfusion technique	T060	C4287652
28019021	267	278	noncontrast	T033	C2825493
28019021	283	309	multiparametric estimation	T062	C1513748
28019021	313	324	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
28019021	325	332	markers	T074	C2745888
28019021	348	370	arterial spin labeling	T060	C3891302
28019021	372	375	ASL	T060	C3891302
28019021	410	427	MR fingerprinting	T060	C0024485
28019021	429	432	MRF	T060	C0024485
28019021	435	443	referred	T169	C0205543
28019021	450	457	MRF-ASL	T060	C3891302
28019021	491	502	information	T078	C1533716
28019021	516	528	MRF sequence	T060	C0024485
28019021	542	553	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
28019021	554	564	parameters	T033	C0449381
28019021	572	581	estimated	T081	C0750572
28019021	582	595	concomitantly	T079	C0521115
28019021	597	622	Feasibility demonstration	T062,T170	C0015730
28019021	624	634	flip angle	T080	C2348681
28019021	635	647	optimization	T052	C2698650
28019021	649	659	comparison	T052	C1707455
28019021	665	680	Look-Locker ASL	T060	C3891302
28019021	682	702	reproducibility test	T080	C1514863
28019021	704	715	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28019021	719	740	hypercapnia challenge	T033	C0020440
28019021	754	774	clinical application	UnknownType	C0869019
28019021	781	817	intracranial steno-occlusive process	T061	C0394264
28019021	819	835	Moyamoya disease	T047	C0026654
28019021	842	851	performed	T169	C0884358
28019021	869	878	technique	T169	C0449851
28019021	880	917	Magnetic resonance fingerprinting ASL	T060	C3891302
28019021	918	926	provided	T052	C1999230
28019021	953	963	parameters	T033	C0449381
28019021	975	978	B1+	T081	C0392762
28019021	980	986	tissue	T023	C0459385
28019021	987	989	T1	T081	C2697938
28019021	991	1010	cerebral blood flow	T033	C0428714
28019021	1012	1015	CBF	T033	C0428714
28019021	1018	1024	tissue	T024	C0040300
28019021	1025	1043	bolus arrival time	T033	C0243095
28019021	1045	1048	BAT	T033	C0243095
28019021	1064	1072	arterial	T023	C0003842
28019021	1073	1076	BAT	T033	C0243095
28019021	1091	1103	blood volume	T201	C0005850
28019021	1122	1139	blood travel time	T060	C0919393
28019021	1141	1153	Coefficients	T081	C1707429
28019021	1157	1166	variation	T080	C0205419
28019021	1174	1183	estimated	T081	C0750572
28019021	1184	1194	parameters	T033	C0449381
28019021	1220	1231	Hypercapnia	T033	C0020440
28019021	1247	1255	increase	T169	C0442805
28019021	1259	1262	CBF	T033	C0428714
28019021	1279	1287	decrease	T081	C0547047
28019021	1291	1294	BAT	T033	C0243095
28019021	1316	1322	tissue	T024	C0040300
28019021	1327	1334	vessels	T023	C0005847
28019021	1350	1358	Patients	T101	C0030705
28019021	1364	1380	Moyamoya disease	T047	C0026654
28019021	1388	1398	diminished	T081	C0205216
28019021	1399	1402	CBF	T033	C0428714
28019021	1407	1417	lengthened	T169	C0392744
28019021	1418	1421	BAT	T033	C0243095
28019021	1427	1448	could not be detected	T033	C0442737
28019021	1454	1461	regular	T080	C0205272
28019021	1462	1465	ASL	T060	C3891302
28019021	1467	1504	Magnetic resonance fingerprinting ASL	T060	C3891302
28019021	1520	1529	technique	T169	C0449851
28019021	1534	1545	noncontrast	T033	C2825493
28019021	1547	1562	multiparametric	T062	C1513748
28019021	1563	1583	perfusion assessment	T058	C4038600
28019021	1614	1670	International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine	T073,T093	C0018720

28019706|t|Acute sensitivity of the vernal pool fairy shrimp, Branchinecta lynchi (Anostraca; Branchinectidae), and surrogate species to 10 chemicals
28019706|a|Vernal pool fairy shrimp, Branchinecta lynchi, (Branchiopoda; Anostraca) and other fairy shrimp species have been listed as threatened or endangered under the US Endangered Species Act. Because few data exist about the sensitivity of Branchinecta spp. to toxic effects of contaminants, it is difficult to determine whether they are adequately protected by water quality criteria. A series of acute (24-h) lethality/immobilization tests was conducted with 3 species of fairy shrimp (B. lynchi, Branchinecta lindahli, and Thamnocephalus platyurus) and 10 chemicals with varying modes of toxic action: ammonia, potassium, chloride, sulfate, chromium(VI), copper, nickel, zinc, alachlor, and metolachlor. The same chemicals were tested in 48- h tests with other branchiopods (the cladocerans Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia) and an amphipod (Hyalella azteca), and in 96- h tests with snails (Physa gyrina and Lymnaea stagnalis). Median effect concentrations (EC50s) for B. lynchi were strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.975) with EC50s for the commercially available fairy shrimp species T. platyurus for most chemicals tested. Comparison of EC50s for fairy shrimp and EC50s for invertebrate taxa tested concurrently and with other published toxicity data indicated that fairy shrimp were relatively sensitive to potassium and several trace metals compared with other invertebrate taxa, although cladocerans, amphipods, and mussels had similar broad toxicant sensitivity. Interspecies correlation estimation models for predicting toxicity to fairy shrimp from surrogate species indicated that models with cladocerans and freshwater mussels as surrogates produced the best predictions of the sensitivity of fairy shrimp to contaminants. The results of these studies indicate that fairy shrimp are relatively sensitive to a range of toxicants, but Endangered Species Act -listed fairy shrimp of the genus Branchinecta were not consistently more sensitive than other fairy shrimp taxa. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;9999:1-10. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
28019706	0	5	Acute	T079	C0205178
28019706	6	17	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28019706	25	49	vernal pool fairy shrimp	T204	C2661017
28019706	51	70	Branchinecta lynchi	T204	C2661017
28019706	72	81	Anostraca	T204	C0998204
28019706	83	98	Branchinectidae	T204	C1007142
28019706	105	114	surrogate	T099	C4053457
28019706	115	122	species	T185	C1705920
28019706	129	138	chemicals	T103	C0220806
28019706	139	163	Vernal pool fairy shrimp	T204	C2661017
28019706	165	184	Branchinecta lynchi	T204	C2661017
28019706	187	199	Branchiopoda	T204	C0596222
28019706	201	210	Anostraca	T204	C0998204
28019706	222	234	fairy shrimp	T204	C0998204
28019706	235	242	species	T185	C1705920
28019706	263	273	threatened	T098	C2717883
28019706	277	287	endangered	T098	C2717882
28019706	337	341	data	T078	C1511726
28019706	358	369	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28019706	373	385	Branchinecta	T204	C1007143
28019706	386	390	spp.	T185	C1705920
28019706	394	407	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
28019706	411	423	contaminants	T167	C2827365
28019706	471	491	adequately protected	T204	C1031756
28019706	495	508	water quality	T080	C0597680
28019706	509	517	criteria	T078	C0243161
28019706	531	574	acute (24-h) lethality/immobilization tests	T059	C0022885
28019706	596	603	species	T185	C1705920
28019706	607	619	fairy shrimp	T204	C0998204
28019706	621	630	B. lynchi	T204	C2661017
28019706	632	653	Branchinecta lindahli	T204	C1187775
28019706	659	683	Thamnocephalus platyurus	T204	C1041123
28019706	692	701	chemicals	T103	C0220806
28019706	724	736	toxic action	T131	C1256754
28019706	738	745	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
28019706	747	756	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28019706	758	766	chloride	T197	C0008203
28019706	768	775	sulfate	T197	C0038720
28019706	777	789	chromium(VI)	T131,T196	C0008574
28019706	791	797	copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28019706	799	805	nickel	T123,T196	C0028013
28019706	807	811	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28019706	813	821	alachlor	T109,T131	C0051051
28019706	827	838	metolachlor	T109,T131	C0066468
28019706	849	858	chemicals	T103	C0220806
28019706	878	879	h	T079	C0439227
28019706	880	885	tests	T059	C0022885
28019706	897	909	branchiopods	T204	C0596222
28019706	915	926	cladocerans	T204	C0446344
28019706	927	940	Daphnia magna	T204	C1081963
28019706	945	963	Ceriodaphnia dubia	T204	C1089376
28019706	972	980	amphipod	T204	C0598804
28019706	982	997	Hyalella azteca	T011	C1676520
28019706	1011	1012	h	T079	C0439227
28019706	1013	1018	tests	T059	C0022885
28019706	1024	1030	snails	T204	C0037378
28019706	1032	1044	Physa gyrina	T204	C0323946
28019706	1049	1066	Lymnaea stagnalis	T204	C0323913
28019706	1076	1097	effect concentrations	T081	C1446561
28019706	1099	1104	EC50s	T081	C1446561
28019706	1110	1119	B. lynchi	T204	C2661017
28019706	1134	1144	correlated	T080	C1707520
28019706	1165	1170	EC50s	T081	C1446561
28019706	1202	1214	fairy shrimp	T204	C0998204
28019706	1215	1222	species	T185	C1705920
28019706	1223	1235	T. platyurus	T204	C1041123
28019706	1245	1254	chemicals	T103	C0220806
28019706	1263	1273	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28019706	1277	1282	EC50s	T081	C1446561
28019706	1287	1299	fairy shrimp	T204	C0998204
28019706	1304	1309	EC50s	T081	C1446561
28019706	1314	1331	invertebrate taxa	T204	C0021948
28019706	1377	1385	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28019706	1386	1390	data	T078	C1511726
28019706	1406	1418	fairy shrimp	T204	C0998204
28019706	1435	1444	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28019706	1448	1457	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28019706	1470	1482	trace metals	T121,T196	C0723796
28019706	1483	1491	compared	T052	C1707455
28019706	1503	1520	invertebrate taxa	T204	C0021948
28019706	1531	1542	cladocerans	T204	C0446344
28019706	1544	1553	amphipods	T204	C0598804
28019706	1559	1566	mussels	T204	C0026871
28019706	1585	1593	toxicant	T131	C0599787
28019706	1594	1605	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28019706	1607	1649	Interspecies correlation estimation models	T170	C3161035
28019706	1665	1673	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28019706	1677	1689	fairy shrimp	T204	C0998204
28019706	1695	1704	surrogate	T099	C4053457
28019706	1705	1712	species	T185	C1705920
28019706	1728	1734	models	T170	C3161035
28019706	1740	1751	cladocerans	T204	C0446344
28019706	1756	1774	freshwater mussels	T204	C0026871
28019706	1778	1788	surrogates	T099	C4053457
28019706	1826	1837	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28019706	1841	1853	fairy shrimp	T204	C0998204
28019706	1857	1869	contaminants	T167	C2827365
28019706	1892	1899	studies	T062	C2603343
28019706	1914	1926	fairy shrimp	T204	C0998204
28019706	1942	1951	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28019706	1966	1975	toxicants	T131	C0599787
28019706	2012	2024	fairy shrimp	T204	C0998204
28019706	2032	2050	genus Branchinecta	T204	C1007143
28019706	2078	2087	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28019706	2099	2116	fairy shrimp taxa	T204	C0998204

28024227|t|The role of outdoor fungi on asthma hospital admissions in children and adolescents: A 5-year time stratified case-crossover analysis
28024227|a|Some fungal spores can trigger asthma exacerbation but knowledge of which outdoor fungal spores contribute to asthma hospitalisation is limited. To examine the role of outdoor fungal spores in child and adolescent asthma hospitalisations. We conducted a bi-directional time-stratified case-crossover study of child and adolescent asthma hospitalisations over 5 years. Conditional logistic regression assessed the role of 20 fungi taxa (Same day [L0] and lagged [L1-3]) adjusted for maximum temperature, humidity and grass pollen. Strata specific effects were explored if there was evidence of effect modification by age, sex, air pollutants or grass pollen. Non-linear effects examined with Generalized Additive Models. Of 2098 children hospitalised for asthma, 60% were boys; mean age was 5.5±3.7 years. Fungal spore counts peaked during warm months. Regression models found weak associations with Coprinus [L0,L1: OR=1.03, 1.01-1.06], Periconia [L0: OR=1.03, 1.001-1.07] and Chaetomium [L2: OR=1.08, 1.0-1.2]. Sex appeared to act as an effect modifier with girls having stronger associations with Cladosporium, Coprinus and total fungi. Older adolescent (14-18 years) hospitalisation was significantly associated with Coprinus and Ustilago / smuts. Air pollutants and grass pollen did not appear to act as effect modifiers. Non-linearity was not detected. There may be associations between some outdoor fungal spores and asthma hospitalisations. Further research needed to explore whether these findings can be replicated; and examine whether fungal sensitisation and/or human rhinovirus infections are associated with stronger effects. If findings are replicated, then the need to develop predictive models for fungal spore distribution and levels may become more important.
28024227	12	19	outdoor	UnknownType	C0680182
28024227	20	25	fungi	T004	C0016832
28024227	29	35	asthma	T047	C0004096
28024227	36	55	hospital admissions	T058	C0184666
28024227	59	67	children	T100	C0008059
28024227	72	83	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28024227	94	109	time stratified	T080	C0205363
28024227	110	133	case-crossover analysis	T062	C4288565
28024227	139	152	fungal spores	T004	C0038029
28024227	165	171	asthma	T047	C0004096
28024227	172	184	exacerbation	T033	C4086268
28024227	189	198	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28024227	208	215	outdoor	UnknownType	C0680182
28024227	216	229	fungal spores	T004	C0038029
28024227	230	240	contribute	T052	C1880177
28024227	244	250	asthma	T047	C0004096
28024227	251	266	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
28024227	302	309	outdoor	UnknownType	C0680182
28024227	310	323	fungal spores	T004	C0038029
28024227	327	332	child	T100	C0008059
28024227	337	347	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28024227	348	354	asthma	T047	C0004096
28024227	355	371	hospitalisations	T058	C0019993
28024227	403	418	time-stratified	T080	C0205363
28024227	419	439	case-crossover study	T062	C4288565
28024227	443	448	child	T100	C0008059
28024227	453	463	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28024227	464	470	asthma	T047	C0004096
28024227	471	487	hospitalisations	T058	C0019993
28024227	502	513	Conditional	T080	C1701901
28024227	514	533	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28024227	534	542	assessed	T052	C1516048
28024227	558	568	fungi taxa	T004	C0016832
28024227	616	635	maximum temperature	T081	C0039476
28024227	637	645	humidity	T070	C0020167
28024227	650	662	grass pollen	T002	C0440307
28024227	671	679	specific	T080	C0205369
28024227	680	687	effects	T080	C1280500
28024227	715	723	evidence	T078	C3887511
28024227	727	733	effect	T080	C1280500
28024227	734	746	modification	T169	C0392747
28024227	750	753	age	T032	C0001779
28024227	755	758	sex	T032	C1522384
28024227	760	774	air pollutants	T131	C0001869
28024227	778	790	grass pollen	T002	C0440307
28024227	792	802	Non-linear	T062,T170	C0870965
28024227	803	810	effects	T080	C1280500
28024227	811	819	examined	T033	C0332128
28024227	825	852	Generalized Additive Models	T075	C0026336
28024227	862	883	children hospitalised	T101	C0008098
28024227	888	894	asthma	T047	C0004096
28024227	916	919	age	T032	C0001779
28024227	939	951	Fungal spore	T004	C0038029
28024227	952	958	counts	T081	C0439157
28024227	986	1003	Regression models	T170	C0034980
28024227	1015	1032	associations with	T080	C0332281
28024227	1033	1041	Coprinus	T004	C0009981
28024227	1071	1080	Periconia	T004	C1044743
28024227	1111	1121	Chaetomium	T004	C0007929
28024227	1146	1149	Sex	T032	C1522384
28024227	1172	1187	effect modifier	UnknownType	C0681891
28024227	1215	1232	associations with	T080	C0332281
28024227	1233	1245	Cladosporium	T004	C0008886
28024227	1247	1255	Coprinus	T004	C0009981
28024227	1266	1271	fungi	T004	C0016832
28024227	1279	1289	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28024227	1304	1319	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
28024227	1338	1353	associated with	T080	C0332281
28024227	1354	1362	Coprinus	T004	C0009981
28024227	1367	1375	Ustilago	T004	C0042122
28024227	1378	1383	smuts	T004	C0042121
28024227	1385	1399	Air pollutants	T131	C0001869
28024227	1404	1416	grass pollen	T002	C0440307
28024227	1442	1458	effect modifiers	UnknownType	C0681891
28024227	1460	1473	Non-linearity	T062,T170	C0870965
28024227	1482	1490	detected	T033	C0442726
28024227	1531	1538	outdoor	UnknownType	C0680182
28024227	1539	1552	fungal spores	T004	C0038029
28024227	1557	1563	asthma	T047	C0004096
28024227	1564	1580	hospitalisations	T058	C0019993
28024227	1590	1598	research	T062	C0035168
28024227	1631	1639	findings	T033	C0243095
28024227	1647	1657	replicated	T169	C0205173
28024227	1679	1685	fungal	T004	C0016832
28024227	1686	1699	sensitisation	T047	C3839736
28024227	1707	1712	human	T016	C0086418
28024227	1713	1734	rhinovirus infections	T047	C0276447
28024227	1739	1754	associated with	T080	C0332281
28024227	1764	1771	effects	T080	C1280500
28024227	1776	1784	findings	T033	C0243095
28024227	1789	1799	replicated	T169	C0205173
28024227	1826	1843	predictive models	T075	C0026336
28024227	1848	1860	fungal spore	T004	C0038029
28024227	1861	1873	distribution	T169	C1704711
28024227	1901	1910	important	T080	C3898777

28024592|t|Bi-layered constructs of poly(glycerol-sebacate) - β-tricalcium phosphate for bone-soft tissue interface applications
28024592|a|This study aims to establish a facile protocol for the preparation of a bi-layered poly(glycerol-sebacate) (PGS)/ β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) construct and to investigate its potential for bone-soft tissue engineering applications. The layered structure was prepared by distributing the ceramic particles within a prepolymer synthesized in a microwave reactor followed by a cross-linking of the final construct in vacuum (<10mbar). The vacuum stage led to the separation of cross-linked elastomer (top) and ceramic (bottom) phases. Results showed that addition of β-TCP particles to the elastomer matrix after the polymerization led to an increase in compression strength (up to 14±2.3MPa). Tensile strength (σ), Young's modulus (E), and elongation at break (%) values were calculated as 0.29±0.03MPa and 0.21±0.03; 0.38±0.02 and 1.95±0.4; and 240±50% and 24±2% for PGS and PGS / β-TCP bi-layered constructs, respectively. Morphology was characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Tomography data revealed an open porosity of 35% for the construct, mostly contributed from the ceramic phase since the elastomer side has no pore. Homogeneous β-TCP distribution within the elastomeric structure was observed. Cell culture studies confirmed biocompatibility with poor elastomer - side and good bone - side cell attachment. In a further study to investigate the osteogenic properties, the construct were loaded with BMP-2 and/or TGF-β1. The PGS / β-TCP bi-layered constructs with improved mechanical and biological properties have the potential to be used in bone-soft tissue interface applications where soft tissue penetration is a problem.
28024592	0	21	Bi-layered constructs	T122	C0005479
28024592	25	48	poly(glycerol-sebacate)	T109	C1173093
28024592	51	73	β-tricalcium phosphate	T122,T197	C0106141
28024592	78	94	bone-soft tissue	UnknownType	C0541689
28024592	95	117	interface applications	T169	C0205245
28024592	123	128	study	T062	C2603343
28024592	156	164	protocol	T170	C2348563
28024592	173	184	preparation	T052	C1521827
28024592	190	200	bi-layered	T080	C0205556
28024592	201	224	poly(glycerol-sebacate)	T109	C1173093
28024592	226	229	PGS	T109	C1173093
28024592	232	254	β-tricalcium phosphate	T122,T197	C0106141
28024592	256	261	β-TCP	T122,T197	C0106141
28024592	263	272	construct	T122	C0005479
28024592	280	291	investigate	T169	C1292732
28024592	310	326	bone-soft tissue	UnknownType	C0541689
28024592	327	338	engineering	T061	C0596171
28024592	339	351	applications	T169	C0205245
28024592	357	374	layered structure	T082	C0678594
28024592	391	403	distributing	T169	C1704711
28024592	408	415	ceramic	T073	C0007742
28024592	416	425	particles	T104	C0597177
28024592	435	445	prepolymer	T104	C0597177
28024592	446	457	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28024592	463	480	microwave reactor	T073	C0336756
28024592	495	508	cross-linking	T070	C0178576
28024592	522	531	construct	T122	C0005479
28024592	535	541	vacuum	T070	C0042221
28024592	557	563	vacuum	T070	C0042221
28024592	564	569	stage	T079	C1306673
28024592	581	591	separation	UnknownType	C0678621
28024592	595	607	cross-linked	T070	C0178576
28024592	608	617	elastomer	T109,T122	C0013766
28024592	619	622	top	T082	C1704458
28024592	628	635	ceramic	T073	C0007742
28024592	637	643	bottom	T082	C1511276
28024592	645	651	phases	T079	C0205390
28024592	685	690	β-TCP	T122,T197	C0106141
28024592	691	700	particles	T104	C0597177
28024592	708	724	elastomer matrix	T109,T122	C0013766
28024592	735	749	polymerization	T067	C0314672
28024592	760	768	increase	T169	C0442805
28024592	772	792	compression strength	T081	C0376507
28024592	812	828	Tensile strength	T081	C0039526
28024592	834	849	Young's modulus	T081	C2350289
28024592	859	878	elongation at break	T081	C0392762
28024592	987	990	PGS	T109	C1173093
28024592	995	998	PGS	T109	C1173093
28024592	1001	1006	β-TCP	T122,T197	C0106141
28024592	1007	1028	bi-layered constructs	T122	C0005479
28024592	1044	1054	Morphology	T082	C0678594
28024592	1082	1110	Scanning Electron Microscopy	T059	C0026020
28024592	1112	1115	SEM	T059	C0026020
28024592	1121	1146	micro-computed tomography	T060	C2350281
28024592	1148	1152	μ-CT	T060	C2350281
28024592	1155	1165	Tomography	T060	C2350281
28024592	1166	1170	data	T078	C1511726
28024592	1183	1196	open porosity	T080	C0080037
28024592	1212	1221	construct	T122	C0005479
28024592	1251	1264	ceramic phase	T079	C0205390
28024592	1275	1284	elastomer	T109,T122	C0013766
28024592	1285	1289	side	T082	C0441987
28024592	1297	1301	pore	T082	C1254362
28024592	1303	1314	Homogeneous	T080	C1881065
28024592	1315	1320	β-TCP	T122,T197	C0106141
28024592	1321	1333	distribution	T169	C1704711
28024592	1345	1366	elastomeric structure	T082	C0678594
28024592	1381	1401	Cell culture studies	UnknownType	C0681854
28024592	1412	1428	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28024592	1439	1448	elastomer	T109,T122	C0013766
28024592	1451	1455	side	T082	C0441987
28024592	1465	1469	bone	T024	C0391978
28024592	1472	1476	side	T082	C0441987
28024592	1477	1492	cell attachment	T026	C0887869
28024592	1516	1527	investigate	T169	C1292732
28024592	1532	1542	osteogenic	T024	C0391978
28024592	1543	1553	properties	T080	C0871161
28024592	1559	1568	construct	T122	C0005479
28024592	1586	1591	BMP-2	T116,T123	C0527443
28024592	1599	1605	TGF-β1	T116,T121,T123	C1704256
28024592	1611	1614	PGS	T109	C1173093
28024592	1617	1622	β-TCP	T122,T197	C0106141
28024592	1623	1644	bi-layered constructs	T122	C0005479
28024592	1659	1669	mechanical	T080	C0205556
28024592	1674	1684	biological	T080	C0205460
28024592	1685	1695	properties	T080	C0871161
28024592	1729	1745	bone-soft tissue	UnknownType	C0541689
28024592	1746	1768	interface applications	T169	C0205245
28024592	1775	1786	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28024592	1787	1798	penetration	T169	C0205321
28024592	1804	1811	problem	T033	C0033213

28024987|t|Effects of high-intensity training on cardiovascular risk factors in premenopausal and postmenopausal women
28024987|a|Menopause is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and the causal factors have been proposed to be the loss of estrogen and the subsequent alterations of the hormonal milieu. However, which factors contribute to the deterioration of cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal women is debated as the menopausal transition is also associated with increased age and fat mass. Furthermore, indications of reduced cardiometabolic adaptations to exercise in postmenopausal women add to the adverse health profile. We sought to evaluate risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women, matched by age and body composition, and investigate the effect of high-intensity training. A 3-month high-intensity aerobic training intervention, involving healthy, nonobese, late premenopausal (n = 40) and early postmenopausal (n = 39) women was conducted and anthropometrics, body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose tolerance, and maximal oxygen consumption were determined at baseline and after the intervention. At baseline, the groups matched in anthropometrics and body composition, and only differed by 4.2 years in age (mean [95% confidence limits] 49.2 [48.5-49.9] vs 53.4 [52.4-54.4] years). Time since last menstrual period for the postmenopausal women was (mean [95% confidecnce limits] 3.1 [2.6-3.7] years). Hormonal levels (estrogen, follicle stimulation hormone, luteinizing hormone) confirmed menopausal status. At baseline the postmenopausal women had higher total cholesterol (P < .001), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < .05), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < .001) than the premenopausal women. The training intervention reduced body weight (P < .01), waist circumference (P < .01), and improved body composition by increasing lean body mass (P < .001) and decreasing fat mass (P < .001) similarly in both groups. Moreover, training resulted in lower diastolic blood pressure (P < .05), resting heart rate (P < .001), total cholesterol (P < .01), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < .01), total cholesterol / high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol index (P < .01), and improved plasma insulin concentration during the oral glucose tolerance test (P < .05) in both groups. Cardiovascular risk factors are similar in late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women, matched by age and body composition, with the exception that postmenopausal women have higher high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. A 3-month intervention of high-intensity aerobic training reduces risk factors for type 2 .diabetes and cardiovascular disease to a similar extent in late premenopausal and early postmenopausal women.
28024987	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28024987	11	34	high-intensity training	T056	C4277545
28024987	38	65	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28024987	69	82	premenopausal	T033	C0279752
28024987	87	101	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28024987	102	107	women	T098	C0043210
28024987	108	117	Menopause	T039	C0025320
28024987	121	136	associated with	T080	C0332281
28024987	137	146	increased	T081	C0205217
28024987	155	177	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28024987	193	200	factors	T169	C1521761
28024987	230	234	loss	T081	C1517945
28024987	238	246	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28024987	285	300	hormonal milieu	T125	C0019932
28024987	317	324	factors	T169	C1521761
28024987	325	335	contribute	T052	C1880177
28024987	343	356	deterioration	T067	C0868945
28024987	360	382	cardiometabolic health	T042	C0596675
28024987	386	400	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28024987	401	406	women	T098	C0043210
28024987	425	435	menopausal	T039	C0025320
28024987	436	446	transition	T052	C2700061
28024987	455	470	associated with	T080	C0332281
28024987	471	480	increased	T081	C0205217
28024987	481	484	age	T032	C0001779
28024987	489	497	fat mass	T032	C3656665
28024987	512	523	indications	T078	C3146298
28024987	527	534	reduced	T080	C0392756
28024987	535	550	cardiometabolic	T042	C0596675
28024987	551	562	adaptations	T038	C0392673
28024987	566	574	exercise	T056	C0015259
28024987	578	592	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28024987	593	598	women	T098	C0043210
28024987	610	617	adverse	T046	C0877248
28024987	618	632	health profile	T080	C0018759
28024987	647	655	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28024987	656	668	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28024987	673	688	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28024987	693	715	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28024987	719	723	late	T079	C0205087
28024987	724	737	premenopausal	T033	C0279752
28024987	742	747	early	T079	C1279919
28024987	748	762	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28024987	763	768	women	T098	C0043210
28024987	781	784	age	T032	C0001779
28024987	789	805	body composition	T032	C0005885
28024987	811	822	investigate	T169	C1292732
28024987	837	860	high-intensity training	T056	C4277545
28024987	872	903	high-intensity aerobic training	T056	C4277545
28024987	904	916	intervention	T061	C0184661
28024987	928	935	healthy	T080	C3898900
28024987	937	945	nonobese	T033	C0243095
28024987	947	951	late	T079	C0205087
28024987	952	965	premenopausal	T033	C0279752
28024987	979	984	early	T079	C1279919
28024987	985	999	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28024987	1009	1014	women	T098	C0043210
28024987	1033	1048	anthropometrics	T201	C2598145
28024987	1050	1066	body composition	T032	C0005885
28024987	1068	1082	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28024987	1084	1097	lipid profile	T059	C0850354
28024987	1099	1116	glucose tolerance	T039	C0178665
28024987	1122	1148	maximal oxygen consumption	T201	C0030055
28024987	1168	1176	baseline	T081	C1442488
28024987	1191	1203	intervention	T061	C0184661
28024987	1208	1216	baseline	T081	C1442488
28024987	1222	1228	groups	T098	C1257890
28024987	1240	1255	anthropometrics	T201	C2598145
28024987	1260	1276	body composition	T032	C0005885
28024987	1312	1315	age	T032	C0001779
28024987	1327	1344	confidence limits	T081	C0237530
28024987	1407	1423	menstrual period	T040	C0025344
28024987	1432	1446	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28024987	1447	1452	women	T098	C0043210
28024987	1468	1486	confidecnce limits	T081	C0237530
28024987	1510	1525	Hormonal levels	T034	C1287355
28024987	1527	1535	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28024987	1537	1565	follicle stimulation hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0016774
28024987	1567	1586	luteinizing hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
28024987	1598	1615	menopausal status	T201	C1513126
28024987	1620	1628	baseline	T081	C1442488
28024987	1633	1647	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28024987	1648	1653	women	T098	C0043210
28024987	1665	1682	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
28024987	1695	1730	low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
28024987	1746	1782	high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
28024987	1803	1816	premenopausal	T033	C0279752
28024987	1817	1822	women	T098	C0043210
28024987	1837	1849	intervention	T061	C0184661
28024987	1850	1857	reduced	T080	C0392756
28024987	1858	1869	body weight	T032	C0005910
28024987	1881	1900	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
28024987	1916	1924	improved	T033	C0184511
28024987	1925	1941	body composition	T032	C0005885
28024987	1945	1955	increasing	T169	C0442808
28024987	1956	1970	lean body mass	T201	C0424678
28024987	1986	1996	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28024987	1997	2005	fat mass	T032	C3656665
28024987	2035	2041	groups	T098	C1257890
28024987	2074	2104	lower diastolic blood pressure	T033	C0277890
28024987	2116	2134	resting heart rate	T033	C1821417
28024987	2147	2164	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
28024987	2176	2211	low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
28024987	2223	2240	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
28024987	2243	2279	high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
28024987	2301	2309	improved	T033	C0184511
28024987	2310	2338	plasma insulin concentration	T059	C1276042
28024987	2350	2377	oral glucose tolerance test	T060	C0029161
28024987	2396	2402	groups	T098	C1257890
28024987	2404	2431	Cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28024987	2447	2451	late	T079	C0205087
28024987	2452	2465	premenopausal	T033	C0279752
28024987	2470	2475	early	T079	C1279919
28024987	2476	2490	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28024987	2491	2496	women	T098	C0043210
28024987	2509	2512	age	T032	C0001779
28024987	2517	2533	body composition	T032	C0005885
28024987	2559	2573	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28024987	2574	2579	women	T098	C0043210
28024987	2592	2597	high-	T059	C0392885
28024987	2602	2644	low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels	T059	C0202117
28024987	2656	2668	intervention	T061	C0184661
28024987	2672	2703	high-intensity aerobic training	T056	C4277545
28024987	2712	2724	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28024987	2729	2745	type 2 .diabetes	T047	C0011860
28024987	2750	2772	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28024987	2796	2800	late	T079	C0205087
28024987	2801	2814	premenopausal	T033	C0279752
28024987	2819	2824	early	T079	C1279919
28024987	2825	2839	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28024987	2840	2845	women	T098	C0043210

28025021|t|Inflammatory pain -related traits of sensory DRG neurons innervating the hip joints
28025021|a|Hip pain is transmitted to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord via the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which contains two types of neurons with differential sensitivity to neurotrophic factors. If either type predominantly innervates the hip joint, it may represent a good target for hip joint pain treatment. Inflammation was induced in the left hip joint of rats (n = 10) by using complete Freund's adjuvant. Fluoro-Gold (FG) was applied to the hip joint after 7 days, and T12 - L6 DRGs were double-stained for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and isolection-IB4 1 week later. FG -labeled neurons in the control group were distributed throughout the left DRG from T13 to L5, primarily in L2 to L4, and CGRP -positive neurons were significantly more frequent than IB4 - binding neurons. In the inflammatory group, FG -labeled neurons were similarly distributed, primarily at L3 and L4, and CGRP -positive neurons were significantly more frequent than IB4 - binding neurons. The percentage of CGRP -positive neurons was significantly greater in the inflammatory group (P < 0.05). Most small neurons innervating the hip joint express CGRP. Furthermore, hip joint inflammation caused an increase in CGRP -positive neurons, but not in IB4 - binding neurons. Our results suggest that CGRP - expressing nerve growth factor -dependent neurons are primarily responsible for hip joint pain and may represent therapeutic targets.
28025021	0	17	Inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
28025021	27	33	traits	T032	C0599883
28025021	45	48	DRG	T023	C0017070
28025021	49	56	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	73	83	hip joints	T030	C0019558
28025021	84	92	Hip pain	T184	C0019559
28025021	96	107	transmitted	T169	C0332289
28025021	115	145	dorsal horn of the spinal cord	T023	C0228575
28025021	154	174	dorsal root ganglion	T023	C0017070
28025021	176	179	DRG	T023	C0017070
28025021	210	217	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	236	247	sensitivity	T080	C1522640
28025021	251	271	neurotrophic factors	T116,T123	C0027754
28025021	317	326	hip joint	T030	C0019558
28025021	363	377	hip joint pain	T184	C0019559
28025021	378	387	treatment	T061	C0087111
28025021	389	401	Inflammation	T046	C0021368
28025021	421	435	left hip joint	T030	C1285113
28025021	439	443	rats	T015	C0086893
28025021	471	488	Freund's adjuvant	T121,T129	C0016712
28025021	490	501	Fluoro-Gold	T109,T130	C0060552
28025021	503	505	FG	T109,T130	C0060552
28025021	526	535	hip joint	T030	C0019558
28025021	544	548	days	T079	C0439228
28025021	554	557	T12	T023	C0459957
28025021	560	562	L6	T023	C4281578
28025021	563	567	DRGs	T023	C0017070
28025021	573	587	double-stained	T059	C0487602
28025021	592	623	calcitonin gene-related peptide	T116,T125	C0006669
28025021	625	629	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28025021	635	649	isolection-IB4	T116,T123	C0752549
28025021	652	656	week	T079	C0439230
28025021	664	666	FG	T109,T130	C0060552
28025021	676	683	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	691	704	control group	T096	C0009932
28025021	737	745	left DRG	T023	C0017070
28025021	751	754	T13	T023	C0223388
28025021	758	760	L5	T023	C0223552
28025021	775	777	L2	T023	C0223507
28025021	781	783	L4	T023	C0223537
28025021	789	793	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28025021	804	811	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	850	853	IB4	T116,T123	C0752549
28025021	856	863	binding	T044	C1167622
28025021	864	871	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	880	898	inflammatory group	T078	C0441833
28025021	900	902	FG	T109,T130	C0060552
28025021	912	919	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	961	963	L3	T023	C0223522
28025021	968	970	L4	T023	C0223537
28025021	976	980	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28025021	991	998	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	1037	1040	IB4	T116,T123	C0752549
28025021	1043	1050	binding	T044	C1167622
28025021	1051	1058	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	1078	1082	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28025021	1093	1100	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	1134	1152	inflammatory group	T078	C0441833
28025021	1176	1183	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	1200	1209	hip joint	T030	C0019558
28025021	1210	1217	express	T045	C1171362
28025021	1218	1222	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28025021	1237	1246	hip joint	T030	C0019558
28025021	1247	1259	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28025021	1282	1286	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28025021	1297	1304	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	1317	1320	IB4	T116,T123	C0752549
28025021	1323	1330	binding	T044	C1167622
28025021	1331	1338	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	1365	1369	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28025021	1372	1382	expressing	T045	C1171362
28025021	1383	1402	nerve growth factor	T116,T123	C0027752
28025021	1414	1421	neurons	T025	C0027882
28025021	1452	1466	hip joint pain	T184	C0019559
28025021	1485	1496	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28025021	1497	1504	targets	T169	C1521840

28025023|t|Correlation between preoperative physical signs and functional outcomes after laminoplasty for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament
28025023|a|Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) can cause myelopathy that is often managed surgically. Knowledge of predictors of surgical outcomes can provide decision support to surgeons. The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships between preoperative physical signs and postoperative functional outcomes in patients with OPLL and to clarify whether physical signs could predict functional outcomes. Fifty-five patients with OPLL who had undergone cervical laminoplasty were included in this study. Six physical signs including hyperreflexia, Babinski sign, sensory disturbance, grip strength, 10-s grip and release test, and bladder dysfunction, and four other factors including age, duration of symptoms, history of minor trauma and preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were investigated as potential predictive prognostic factors using both univariate and multivariate analyses. The mean recovery rate of JOA score was 62.5 ± 32.5%. The neurological recovery rate was negatively associated with age (P = 0.002), the duration of symptoms (P = 0.002) and Babinski sign (P = 0.007), whereas it was positively correlated with grip strength (P = 0.011). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that age (Odds ratio: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.99) and Babinski sign (Odds ratio: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.89) were factors associated with functional outcomes. Satisfactory functional outcomes could be expected for patients who are young and do not exhibit the Babinski sign, showing that the Babinski sign could be useful as an indicator of the window of opportunity for achieving satisfactory functional outcomes.
28025023	0	11	Correlation	T080	C1707520
28025023	20	32	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28025023	33	47	physical signs	T033	C0311392
28025023	52	62	functional	T169	C0205245
28025023	63	71	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28025023	78	90	laminoplasty	T061	C1535956
28025023	95	146	ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament	T046	C0206366
28025023	147	198	Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament	T046	C0206366
28025023	200	204	OPLL	T046	C0206366
28025023	216	226	myelopathy	T047	C0005956
28025023	235	240	often	T079	C0332183
28025023	241	248	managed	T058	C0184516
28025023	249	259	surgically	T061	C0543467
28025023	261	270	Knowledge	T041	C0162340
28025023	274	284	predictors	T078	C2698872
28025023	288	296	surgical	T061	C0543467
28025023	297	305	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28025023	310	317	provide	T052	C1999230
28025023	318	334	decision support	T170	C3242450
28025023	338	346	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28025023	352	356	aims	T078	C1947946
28025023	365	370	study	T062	C0681814
28025023	379	390	investigate	T169	C1292732
28025023	395	408	relationships	T080	C0439849
28025023	417	429	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28025023	430	444	physical signs	T033	C0311392
28025023	449	462	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28025023	463	473	functional	T169	C0205245
28025023	474	482	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28025023	486	494	patients	T101	C0030705
28025023	500	504	OPLL	T046	C0206366
28025023	512	519	clarify	T052	C2986669
28025023	528	542	physical signs	T033	C0311392
28025023	549	556	predict	T078	C0681842
28025023	557	567	functional	T169	C0205245
28025023	568	576	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28025023	589	597	patients	T101	C0030705
28025023	603	607	OPLL	T046	C0206366
28025023	626	647	cervical laminoplasty	T061	C2026796
28025023	653	661	included	T169	C0332257
28025023	670	675	study	T062	C0681814
28025023	681	695	physical signs	T033	C0311392
28025023	706	719	hyperreflexia	T033	C0151889
28025023	721	734	Babinski sign	T033	C0034935
28025023	736	755	sensory disturbance	T047	C0152027
28025023	757	770	grip strength	T081	C0429271
28025023	772	798	10-s grip and release test	T060	C0683443
28025023	804	823	bladder dysfunction	T046	C0232841
28025023	840	847	factors	T169	C1521761
28025023	858	861	age	T032	C0001779
28025023	863	883	duration of symptoms	T079	C0436359
28025023	896	908	minor trauma	T037	C0555305
28025023	913	925	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28025023	926	970	Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score	T081	C0449820
28025023	976	988	investigated	T169	C1292732
28025023	992	1001	potential	T080	C3245505
28025023	1002	1012	predictive	T080	C0681890
28025023	1013	1031	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
28025023	1043	1053	univariate	T062	C0683962
28025023	1058	1079	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
28025023	1085	1089	mean	T081	C0444504
28025023	1090	1103	recovery rate	T081	C1521828
28025023	1107	1116	JOA score	T081	C0449820
28025023	1139	1151	neurological	T080	C0205494
28025023	1152	1165	recovery rate	T081	C1521828
28025023	1170	1180	negatively	T033	C0205160
28025023	1181	1196	associated with	T080	C0332281
28025023	1197	1200	age	T032	C0001779
28025023	1218	1238	duration of symptoms	T079	C0436359
28025023	1255	1268	Babinski sign	T033	C0034935
28025023	1297	1307	positively	T033	C1446409
28025023	1308	1318	correlated	T080	C1707520
28025023	1324	1337	grip strength	T081	C0429271
28025023	1351	1388	Multiple logistic regression analyses	T170	C0034980
28025023	1389	1397	revealed	T080	C0443289
28025023	1403	1406	age	T032	C0001779
28025023	1408	1418	Odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28025023	1430	1432	CI	T081	C0009667
28025023	1449	1462	Babinski sign	T033	C0034935
28025023	1464	1474	Odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28025023	1486	1488	CI	T081	C0009667
28025023	1506	1513	factors	T169	C1521761
28025023	1514	1529	associated with	T080	C0332281
28025023	1530	1540	functional	T169	C0205245
28025023	1541	1549	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28025023	1551	1563	Satisfactory	T080	C0205410
28025023	1564	1574	functional	T169	C0205245
28025023	1575	1583	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28025023	1593	1601	expected	T170	C1517001
28025023	1606	1614	patients	T101	C0030705
28025023	1623	1628	young	T079	C0332239
28025023	1652	1665	Babinski sign	T033	C0034935
28025023	1684	1697	Babinski sign	T033	C0034935
28025023	1707	1713	useful	T080	C3827682
28025023	1720	1729	indicator	T169	C1522602
28025023	1737	1758	window of opportunity	T080	C0205556
28025023	1763	1772	achieving	T080	C0205556
28025023	1773	1785	satisfactory	T080	C0205410
28025023	1786	1796	functional	T169	C0205245
28025023	1797	1805	outcomes	T169	C1274040

28025224|t|Bacteria and Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Tree Hollows From the Iberian Mediterranean Forest
28025224|a|Saproxylic insect communities inhabiting tree hollows in Mediterranean forests depend on a combination of physical characteristics and interactions occurring between community member species. Despite the need to preserve these organisms, little is known about their interrelationships, in particular those relationships between saproxylic insects and microbiota occurring in these microhabitats. In tree hollows of Quercus rotundifolia Lamark that hold water and contain dead leaves, abundant microbial populations can be found. Developing on them are the larvae of Mallota dusmeti Andréu, 1926 (Diptera: Syrphidae), a vulnerable species (IUCN category: Marcos-García and Quinto 2011). This study provides the first data on the microbiota living inside the gut of the larvae of M. dusmeti, as well as the microbiota in the hollow where these larvae develop. Bacteria were identified by amplification and partial sequencing of the V1-V3 regions and the complete nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA genes. We found eight species of bacteria living in tree hollows and three species in the gut of M. dusmeti larvae: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus toyonensis, and Lysinibacillus sphaericus The filter-feeding mechanism characteristic of M. dusmeti larvae is selective in enabling ingestion of bacteria only above 2.1 µm in diameter.
28025224	0	8	Bacteria	T007	C0004611
28025224	13	23	Hoverflies	T204	C1005241
28025224	25	32	Diptera	T204	C0012578
28025224	34	43	Syrphidae	T204	C1005241
28025224	48	60	Tree Hollows	T023	C0927234
28025224	70	98	Iberian Mediterranean Forest	T070	C0086312
28025224	99	128	Saproxylic insect communities	T204	C0021585
28025224	129	139	inhabiting	T082	C0337646
28025224	140	152	tree hollows	T023	C0927234
28025224	156	177	Mediterranean forests	T070	C0086312
28025224	205	229	physical characteristics	T080	C1521970
28025224	234	246	interactions	T169	C1704675
28025224	265	289	community member species	T185	C1705920
28025224	326	335	organisms	T001	C0029235
28025224	365	383	interrelationships	T080	C0439849
28025224	405	418	relationships	T080	C0439849
28025224	427	445	saproxylic insects	T204	C0021585
28025224	450	460	microbiota	T001	C3887843
28025224	480	493	microhabitats	T082	C0871648
28025224	498	510	tree hollows	T023	C0927234
28025224	514	541	Quercus rotundifolia Lamark	T002	C3457247
28025224	547	557	hold water	T169	C0205245
28025224	570	581	dead leaves	T002	C0242724
28025224	583	613	abundant microbial populations	T001	C0599840
28025224	655	661	larvae	T204	C0023047
28025224	665	680	Mallota dusmeti	T204	C3900907
28025224	695	702	Diptera	T204	C0012578
28025224	704	713	Syrphidae	T204	C1005241
28025224	718	736	vulnerable species	T185	C1705920
28025224	738	751	IUCN category	T170	C0683312
28025224	753	766	Marcos-García	T098	C0027361
28025224	771	777	Quinto	T098	C0027361
28025224	827	837	microbiota	T001	C3887843
28025224	838	851	living inside	T082	C0337646
28025224	856	859	gut	T023	C0699819
28025224	867	873	larvae	T204	C0023047
28025224	877	887	M. dusmeti	T204	C3900907
28025224	904	914	microbiota	T001	C3887843
28025224	922	928	hollow	T082	C0332484
28025224	941	947	larvae	T204	C0023047
28025224	948	955	develop	T039	C0243107
28025224	957	965	Bacteria	T007	C0004611
28025224	985	1021	amplification and partial sequencing	T059	C1441475
28025224	1029	1042	V1-V3 regions	T028	C0598666
28025224	1060	1079	nucleotide sequence	T086	C0004793
28025224	1083	1097	16S rRNA genes	T114	C3537372
28025224	1114	1133	species of bacteria	T007	C0004611
28025224	1134	1143	living in	T082	C0337646
28025224	1144	1156	tree hollows	T023	C0927234
28025224	1167	1174	species	T185	C1705920
28025224	1175	1185	in the gut	T023	C0699819
28025224	1189	1199	M. dusmeti	T204	C3900907
28025224	1200	1206	larvae	T204	C0023047
28025224	1208	1223	Bacillus cereus	T007	C0004590
28025224	1225	1244	Bacillus toyonensis	T007	C3715367
28025224	1250	1275	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	T007	C0314884
28025224	1280	1319	filter-feeding mechanism characteristic	T033	C0243095
28025224	1323	1333	M. dusmeti	T204	C3900907
28025224	1334	1340	larvae	T204	C0023047
28025224	1366	1375	ingestion	T038	C0232478
28025224	1379	1387	bacteria	T007	C0004611

28025369|t|Incidence of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I Following Foot and Ankle Fractures Using the Budapest Criteria
28025369|a|OBJECTIVE: Fractures are a well-recognized inciting event in the development of complex regional pain syndrome. This study aimed to prospectively determine the incidence of complex regional pain syndrome following foot and ankle fractures. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of patients presenting to two metropolitan hospitals with plain radiograph diagnosis of fractures to the foot or ankle. Patients were initially screened by phone 3 months after injury using the validated International Association for the Study of Pain Budapest criteria. Patients who fulfilled the screening criteria were then physically examined by a pain specialist to assess clinical signs as part of the Budapest criteria. RESULTS: A total of 306 consecutive eligible patients were included. One hundred and ten patients reported at least one symptom of complex regional pain syndrome; however, only three fulfilled the minimum requirements to necessitate clinical review. Of these three, only one patient fulfilled the combination of symptom and sign criteria for a positive diagnosis according to the validated Budapest criteria. The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome following foot and ankle fracture in this study was 0.3%. CONCLUSION: Although many patients may experience vasomotor, sensory, and sudomotor disturbance following a fracture to the foot and ankle, the observed incidence of complex regional pain syndrome using a prospectively collected validated criteria is significantly lower than previously published.
28025369	13	45	Complex Regional Pain Syndrome I	T047	C0458219
28025369	56	60	Foot	T037	C0272774
28025369	65	80	Ankle Fractures	T037	C0159877
28025369	91	108	Budapest Criteria	T170	C0679228
28025369	120	129	Fractures	T037	C0016658
28025369	189	219	complex regional pain syndrome	T047	C0458219
28025369	226	231	study	T062	C2603343
28025369	282	312	complex regional pain syndrome	T047	C0458219
28025369	323	327	foot	T037	C0272774
28025369	332	347	ankle fractures	T037	C0159877
28025369	372	377	study	T062	C2603343
28025369	395	403	patients	T101	C0030705
28025369	422	444	metropolitan hospitals	T093	C0020029
28025369	450	466	plain radiograph	T060	C1306645
28025369	467	476	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28025369	480	489	fractures	T037	C0016658
28025369	497	501	foot	T023	C0016504
28025369	505	510	ankle	T029	C0003086
28025369	512	520	Patients	T101	C0030705
28025369	556	562	months	T079	C0439231
28025369	569	575	injury	T037	C3263722
28025369	596	643	International Association for the Study of Pain	T093	C1708333
28025369	644	661	Budapest criteria	T170	C0679228
28025369	663	671	Patients	T101	C0030705
28025369	719	738	physically examined	T058	C0031809
28025369	744	759	pain specialist	T097	C0586849
28025369	770	784	clinical signs	T033	C3540840
28025369	800	817	Budapest criteria	T170	C0679228
28025369	864	872	patients	T101	C0030705
28025369	908	916	patients	T101	C0030705
28025369	939	946	symptom	T184	C1457887
28025369	950	980	complex regional pain syndrome	T047	C0458219
28025369	1052	1067	clinical review	T062	C0008972
28025369	1094	1101	patient	T101	C0030705
28025369	1131	1147	symptom and sign	T184	C0037088
28025369	1172	1181	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28025369	1209	1226	Budapest criteria	T170	C0679228
28025369	1245	1275	complex regional pain syndrome	T047	C0458219
28025369	1286	1290	foot	T037	C0272774
28025369	1295	1309	ankle fracture	T037	C0159877
28025369	1318	1323	study	T062	C2603343
28025369	1360	1368	patients	T101	C0030705
28025369	1384	1393	vasomotor	T169	C1519957
28025369	1395	1402	sensory	T080	C0445254
28025369	1408	1429	sudomotor disturbance	T047	C0003028
28025369	1442	1450	fracture	T037	C0016658
28025369	1458	1462	foot	T023	C0016504
28025369	1467	1472	ankle	T029	C0003086
28025369	1500	1530	complex regional pain syndrome	T047	C0458219

28026030|t|Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function profile in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
28026030|a|Echocardiography plays an important role in the diagnostic work up of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We sought to determine the left ventricular (LV) diastolic profile by echocardiography in patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to PH-HFpEF. The study of LV diastolic function by echocardiography has limitations in patients with HFpEF and PH, and certain LV diastolic determinations convey a worse prognosis. We included patients with postcapillary PH and diagnosis of PH-HFpEF. Investigators reviewed Doppler echocardiograms completed within 3 months of the diagnostic right heart catheterization. We included 149 patients with a mean ± standard deviation age of 63 ± 14 years; 58% were women. LV diastolic function profile was determined as normal (41%), grade I (34%), and grade II and grade III (25%). Pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were higher and cardiac output lower in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction profile; however, pulmonary artery wedge pressure was not significantly different among grades of LV diastolic function. Although there was an association between the presence of LV diastolic dysfunction profile and long-term survival (P = 0.03), it disappeared when adjusting for age and gender. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, paradoxical septal motion, and higher RV systolic pressure remained the only variables significantly associated with poor survival. The profile of LV diastolic dysfunction by conventional echocardiography is highly variable in patients with PH-HFpEF and has no significant impact on long-term survival. A more severe RV function and higher right ventricle systolic pressure were associated with worse survival.
28026030	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28026030	14	49	left ventricular diastolic function	T042	C0080310
28026030	61	69	patients	T101	C0030705
28026030	75	97	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
28026030	105	151	heart failure with preserved ejection fraction	T033	C3889077
28026030	152	168	Echocardiography	T060	C0013516
28026030	178	187	important	T080	C3898777
28026030	200	210	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28026030	211	218	work up	T060	C0750430
28026030	222	268	heart failure with preserved ejection fraction	T033	C3889077
28026030	270	275	HFpEF	T033	C3889077
28026030	291	300	determine	T080	C0521095
28026030	305	336	left ventricular (LV) diastolic	T042	C0080310
28026030	348	364	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
28026030	368	376	patients	T101	C0030705
28026030	377	386	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28026030	392	414	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
28026030	416	418	PH	T046	C0020542
28026030	427	435	PH-HFpEF	T033	C3889077
28026030	450	471	LV diastolic function	T042	C0080310
28026030	475	491	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
28026030	496	507	limitations	T169	C0449295
28026030	511	519	patients	T101	C0030705
28026030	525	530	HFpEF	T033	C3889077
28026030	535	537	PH	T046	C0020542
28026030	551	563	LV diastolic	T042	C0080310
28026030	564	578	determinations	T059	C1148554
28026030	588	603	worse prognosis	T033	C0278252
28026030	617	625	patients	T101	C0030705
28026030	631	647	postcapillary PH	T047	C1283386
28026030	652	661	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28026030	665	673	PH-HFpEF	T033	C3889077
28026030	675	688	Investigators	T097	C0035173
28026030	698	721	Doppler echocardiograms	T060	C0013520
28026030	722	731	completed	T080	C0205197
28026030	741	747	months	T079	C0439231
28026030	755	765	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28026030	766	793	right heart catheterization	T060	C0189896
28026030	798	806	included	T169	C0332257
28026030	811	819	patients	T101	C0030705
28026030	834	852	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28026030	853	856	age	T032	C0001779
28026030	868	873	years	T079	C0439234
28026030	884	889	women	T098	C0043210
28026030	891	912	LV diastolic function	T042	C0080310
28026030	925	935	determined	T080	C0521095
28026030	939	945	normal	T080	C0205307
28026030	953	960	grade I	T185	C0441800
28026030	972	980	grade II	T185	C0441800
28026030	985	994	grade III	T185	C0441800
28026030	1002	1027	Pulmonary artery pressure	T034	C0428642
28026030	1032	1061	pulmonary vascular resistance	T033	C0456261
28026030	1067	1073	higher	T080	C0205250
28026030	1078	1092	cardiac output	T201	C0007165
28026030	1102	1110	patients	T101	C0030705
28026030	1116	1148	LV diastolic dysfunction profile	UnknownType	C0745676
28026030	1159	1190	pulmonary artery wedge pressure	T201	C0034094
28026030	1213	1222	different	T080	C1705242
28026030	1229	1235	grades	T185	C0441800
28026030	1239	1260	LV diastolic function	T042	C0080310
28026030	1284	1295	association	T080	C0439849
28026030	1308	1316	presence	T033	C0150312
28026030	1320	1352	LV diastolic dysfunction profile	UnknownType	C0745676
28026030	1357	1366	long-term	T079	C0443252
28026030	1367	1375	survival	T052	C0038952
28026030	1422	1425	age	T032	C0001779
28026030	1430	1436	gender	T032	C0079399
28026030	1438	1472	Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction	T046	C0242707
28026030	1474	1499	paradoxical septal motion	T184	C2609314
28026030	1505	1532	higher RV systolic pressure	T033	C1168119
28026030	1575	1585	associated	T080	C0439849
28026030	1596	1604	survival	T052	C0038952
28026030	1610	1617	profile	T169	C2003903
28026030	1621	1645	LV diastolic dysfunction	UnknownType	C0745676
28026030	1662	1678	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
28026030	1701	1709	patients	T101	C0030705
28026030	1715	1723	PH-HFpEF	T033	C3889077
28026030	1747	1753	impact	T080	C4049986
28026030	1757	1766	long-term	T079	C0443252
28026030	1767	1775	survival	T052	C0038952
28026030	1784	1790	severe	T080	C0205082
28026030	1791	1802	RV function	T042	C0080311
28026030	1807	1847	higher right ventricle systolic pressure	T033	C1168119
28026030	1853	1868	associated with	T080	C0332281
28026030	1875	1883	survival	T052	C0038952

28026207|t|Impact sports and bone fractures among adolescents
28026207|a|The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different sports on stress fractures among adolescents during a 9- month follow-up period. The sample was composed of 184 adolescents divided into three groups (impact sports [n = 102]; swimming [n = 35]; non-sports [n = 47]). The occurrence of stress fracture was reported by participants and coaches. As potential confounders we considered age, sex, resistance training, body composition variables and age at peak of height velocity. There were 13 adolescents who reported fractures during the 9- month period. Bone mineral density values were higher in adolescents engaged in impact sports (P-value = 0.002). Independently of confounders, the risk of stress fracture was lower in adolescents engaged in impact sports than in non-active adolescents (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.23 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.05 to 0.98]), while swimming practice was not associated to lower risk of fracture (HR = 0.49 [95% CI = 0.09 to 2.55]). In conclusion, the findings from this study indicate the importance of sports participation among adolescents in the reduction of stress fracture risk, especially with impact sports. More importantly, these results could be relevant for recognising adolescents in danger of not reaching their potential for peak bone mass and later an increased risk of fractures.
28026207	0	13	Impact sports	T056	C0038039
28026207	18	32	bone fractures	T037	C0016658
28026207	39	50	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28026207	80	85	study	T062	C2603343
28026207	93	104	investigate	T169	C1292732
28026207	109	119	effects of	T080	C1704420
28026207	120	129	different	T080	C1705242
28026207	130	136	sports	T056	C0038039
28026207	140	156	stress fractures	T037	C0016664
28026207	163	174	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28026207	187	192	month	T079	C0439231
28026207	193	202	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28026207	203	209	period	T079	C1948053
28026207	215	221	sample	T098	C1257890
28026207	242	253	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28026207	273	279	groups	T098	C1257890
28026207	281	294	impact sports	T056	C0038039
28026207	306	314	swimming	T056	C0039003
28026207	325	335	non-sports	T056	C0038039
28026207	351	361	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28026207	365	380	stress fracture	T037	C0016664
28026207	397	409	participants	T098	C0679646
28026207	414	421	coaches	T097	C0876909
28026207	436	447	confounders	T169	C0009673
28026207	462	465	age	T032	C0001779
28026207	467	470	sex	T032	C1522384
28026207	472	491	resistance training	T061	C0872279
28026207	493	509	body composition	T032	C0005885
28026207	510	519	variables	T080	C0439828
28026207	524	527	age	T032	C0001779
28026207	531	535	peak	T080	C0444505
28026207	539	554	height velocity	T081	C0439830
28026207	570	581	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28026207	595	604	fractures	T037	C0016658
28026207	619	624	month	T079	C0439231
28026207	625	631	period	T079	C1948053
28026207	633	653	Bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
28026207	654	660	values	T080	C0042295
28026207	676	687	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28026207	699	712	impact sports	T056	C0038039
28026207	714	721	P-value	T081	C1709380
28026207	749	760	confounders	T169	C0009673
28026207	766	770	risk	T078	C0035647
28026207	774	789	stress fracture	T037	C0016664
28026207	803	814	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28026207	826	839	impact sports	T056	C0038039
28026207	848	870	non-active adolescents	T100	C0205653
28026207	872	884	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28026207	886	888	HR	T081	C2985465
28026207	902	921	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28026207	923	925	CI	T081	C0009667
28026207	951	959	swimming	T056	C0039003
28026207	960	968	practice	T041	C0032893
28026207	997	1001	risk	T078	C0035647
28026207	1005	1013	fracture	T037	C0016658
28026207	1015	1017	HR	T081	C2985465
28026207	1030	1032	CI	T081	C0009667
28026207	1070	1078	findings	T033	C0243095
28026207	1089	1094	study	T062	C2603343
28026207	1122	1128	sports	T056	C0038039
28026207	1129	1142	participation	T169	C0679823
28026207	1149	1160	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28026207	1168	1177	reduction	T080	C0392756
28026207	1181	1196	stress fracture	T037	C0016664
28026207	1197	1201	risk	T078	C0035647
28026207	1219	1232	impact sports	T056	C0038039
28026207	1258	1265	results	T169	C1274040
28026207	1275	1283	relevant	T080	C2347946
28026207	1300	1311	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28026207	1358	1362	peak	T080	C0444505
28026207	1363	1372	bone mass	T201	C0005938
28026207	1386	1395	increased	T081	C0205217
28026207	1396	1400	risk	T078	C0035647
28026207	1404	1413	fractures	T037	C0016658

28026871|t|Radiation therapy dose is associated with improved survival for unresected anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Outcomes from the National Cancer Data Base
28026871|a|The outcomes of patients with unresected anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) were assessed, and potential correlations were explored between radiation therapy (RT) dose and overall survival (OS). The study cohort was comprised of patients who underwent either no surgery or grossly incomplete resection. Correlates of OS were explored using univariate analysis and multivariable analysis (MVA). In total, 1288 patients were analyzed. The mean patient age was 70.2 years, 59.7% of patients were women, and 47.6% received neck RT. The median OS was 2.27 months, and 11% of patients remained alive at 1 year. A positive RT dose - survival correlation was observed for the entire study cohort, for those who received systemic therapy, and for those with stage IVA / IVB and IVC disease. On MVA, older age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.317; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.137-1.526),�€‰�‰��€‰1 comorbidity (HR, 1.587; 95% CI, 1.379-1.827), distant metastasis (HR, 1.385; 95% CI, 1.216-1.578), receipt of systemic therapy (HR, 0.637; 95% CI, 0.547-0.742), and receipt of RT compared with no RT (<45 grays [Gy]: HR, 0.843; 95% CI, 0.718-0.988; 45-59.9 Gy: HR, 0.596; 95% CI, 0.479-0.743; 60-75 Gy: HR, 0.419; 95% CI, 0.339-0.517) correlated with OS. The RT dose - survival correlation for patients who received higher (60-75 Gy) versus lower (45-59.9 Gy) therapeutic doses was confirmed by propensity-score matching. Survival was poor in this cohort of patients with unresected ATC, and more effective therapies are needed. However, the association of RT dose with OS highlights the importance of identifying patients with unresected ATC who may still yet benefit from multimodal locoregional treatment that incorporates higher dose RT. Cancer 2017;123:1653-1661. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
28026871	0	22	Radiation therapy dose	T081	C0034620
28026871	26	41	associated with	T080	C0332281
28026871	51	59	survival	T052	C0038952
28026871	64	74	unresected	T185	C2986425
28026871	75	103	anaplastic thyroid carcinoma	T191	C0238461
28026871	105	113	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
28026871	123	148	National Cancer Data Base	T170	C0242356
28026871	165	173	patients	T101	C0030705
28026871	179	189	unresected	T185	C2986425
28026871	190	218	anaplastic thyroid carcinoma	T191	C0238461
28026871	220	223	ATC	T191	C0238461
28026871	234	259	National Cancer Data Base	T170	C0242356
28026871	261	265	NCDB	T170	C0242356
28026871	296	308	correlations	T080	C1707520
28026871	331	358	radiation therapy (RT) dose	T081	C0034620
28026871	363	379	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28026871	381	383	OS	T081	C4086681
28026871	390	402	study cohort	T081	C0009247
28026871	420	428	patients	T101	C0030705
28026871	472	482	incomplete	T080	C0205257
28026871	483	492	resection	T061	C0728940
28026871	508	510	OS	T081	C4086681
28026871	531	550	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28026871	555	577	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28026871	579	582	MVA	T081	C0026777
28026871	600	608	patients	T101	C0030705
28026871	633	640	patient	T101	C0030705
28026871	641	644	age	T032	C0001779
28026871	670	678	patients	T101	C0030705
28026871	684	689	women	T098	C0043210
28026871	710	717	neck RT	T061	C1997944
28026871	723	729	median	T081	C0876920
28026871	730	732	OS	T081	C4086681
28026871	761	769	patients	T101	C0030705
28026871	779	784	alive	T033	C2584946
28026871	807	814	RT dose	T081	C0034620
28026871	817	825	survival	T052	C0038952
28026871	826	837	correlation	T080	C1707520
28026871	866	878	study cohort	T081	C0009247
28026871	903	919	systemic therapy	T061	C1515119
28026871	940	949	stage IVA	T185	C0456600
28026871	952	955	IVB	T185	C0456601
28026871	960	963	IVC	T185	C0441774
28026871	976	979	MVA	T081	C0026777
28026871	981	990	older age	T098	C1999167
28026871	992	1004	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28026871	1006	1008	HR	T081	C2985465
28026871	1022	1041	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28026871	1043	1045	CI	T081	C0009667
28026871	1072	1083	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28026871	1085	1087	HR	T081	C2985465
28026871	1100	1102	CI	T081	C0009667
28026871	1118	1136	distant metastasis	T201	C1302548
28026871	1138	1140	HR	T081	C2985465
28026871	1153	1155	CI	T081	C0009667
28026871	1182	1198	systemic therapy	T061	C1515119
28026871	1200	1202	HR	T081	C2985465
28026871	1215	1217	CI	T081	C0009667
28026871	1248	1250	RT	T170	C0034619
28026871	1265	1270	no RT	T033	C3846110
28026871	1276	1281	grays	T081	C0556636
28026871	1283	1285	Gy	T081	C0556636
28026871	1288	1290	HR	T081	C2985465
28026871	1303	1305	CI	T081	C0009667
28026871	1328	1330	Gy	T081	C0556636
28026871	1332	1334	HR	T081	C2985465
28026871	1347	1349	CI	T081	C0009667
28026871	1370	1372	Gy	T081	C0556636
28026871	1374	1376	HR	T081	C2985465
28026871	1389	1391	CI	T081	C0009667
28026871	1422	1424	OS	T081	C4086681
28026871	1430	1437	RT dose	T081	C0034620
28026871	1440	1448	survival	T052	C0038952
28026871	1449	1460	correlation	T080	C1707520
28026871	1465	1473	patients	T101	C0030705
28026871	1487	1493	higher	T080	C0205250
28026871	1501	1503	Gy	T081	C0556636
28026871	1512	1517	lower	T080	C0205251
28026871	1527	1529	Gy	T081	C0556636
28026871	1531	1548	therapeutic doses	T081	C0034620
28026871	1566	1591	propensity-score matching	T081	C2718044
28026871	1593	1601	Survival	T052	C0038952
28026871	1619	1625	cohort	T098	C0599755
28026871	1629	1637	patients	T101	C0030705
28026871	1643	1653	unresected	T185	C2986425
28026871	1654	1657	ATC	T191	C0238461
28026871	1678	1687	therapies	T061	C0087111
28026871	1728	1735	RT dose	T081	C0034620
28026871	1741	1743	OS	T081	C4086681
28026871	1773	1793	identifying patients	T058	C1269815
28026871	1799	1809	unresected	T185	C2986425
28026871	1810	1813	ATC	T191	C0238461
28026871	1845	1878	multimodal locoregional treatment	T061	C0009429
28026871	1897	1903	higher	T080	C0205250
28026871	1904	1911	dose RT	T081	C0034620

28026981|t|Challenges to Practicing HIV Sex-Risk Prevention Among People in Continuing Care for Cocaine Addiction
28026981|a|Intimate partnerships are discouraged during early recovery, despite research that highlights their capacity to be resources for change. This study seeks to provide descriptions of intimate partnerships and how such partnerships challenge and/or support minimizing HIV sex-risk among participants in continuing care for cocaine addiction in order to inform substance use programming. Forty-two recorded continuing care counseling sessions of 33 people who discussed HIV sex-risk behavior were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. This sample was derived from a larger randomized controlled trial that looked at the impact of a continuing care intervention for people with cocaine use problems. Although participants expressed the desire for a primary intimate partnership, casual intimate partnerships that often involved HIV sex-risk behavior were more prevalent. Challenges to having a primary intimate partner included the belief that intimate partnerships do not support recovery, difficulty in developing friendships with women among heterosexual men, and the ubiquity of drug use and sex work in home environments with limited economic opportunity. Despite these challenges, some participants reported having primary intimate partners that supported their recovery through open communication. Clinicians providing substance use interventions can consider encouraging components of intimate partnerships that support recovery. In addition, the strong environmental influence on individual HIV sex-risk behavior should be considered in delivering any substance use intervention.
28026981	25	28	HIV	T047	C0019693
28026981	29	37	Sex-Risk	T054	C0556482
28026981	38	48	Prevention	T061	C0150413
28026981	55	61	People	T098	C0027361
28026981	65	80	Continuing Care	T052	C1947933
28026981	85	102	Cocaine Addiction	T048	C0600427
28026981	103	124	Intimate partnerships	T054	C2584308
28026981	154	162	recovery	T052	C0237820
28026981	172	180	research	T062	C0035168
28026981	232	238	change	T169	C0392747
28026981	245	250	study	T062	C2603343
28026981	284	305	intimate partnerships	T054	C2584308
28026981	319	331	partnerships	T054	C2584308
28026981	368	371	HIV	T047	C0019693
28026981	372	380	sex-risk	T054	C0556482
28026981	387	399	participants	T098	C0679646
28026981	403	418	continuing care	T052	C1947933
28026981	423	440	cocaine addiction	T048	C0600427
28026981	460	485	substance use programming	T093	C3242132
28026981	506	521	continuing care	T052	C1947933
28026981	522	541	counseling sessions	T061	C0199393
28026981	548	554	people	T098	C0027361
28026981	569	572	HIV	T047	C0019693
28026981	573	581	sex-risk	T054	C2584308
28026981	582	590	behavior	T053	C0004927
28026981	627	644	thematic analysis	T062	C0936012
28026981	743	758	continuing care	T052	C1947933
28026981	759	771	intervention	T061	C0184661
28026981	776	782	people	T098	C0027361
28026981	788	795	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
28026981	800	808	problems	T033	C0033213
28026981	819	831	participants	T098	C0679646
28026981	846	852	desire	T041	C0871633
28026981	859	866	primary	T080	C0205225
28026981	867	887	intimate partnership	T054	C2584308
28026981	896	917	intimate partnerships	T054	C2584308
28026981	938	941	HIV	T047	C0019693
28026981	942	950	sex-risk	T054	C2584308
28026981	951	959	behavior	T053	C0004927
28026981	1004	1011	primary	T080	C0205225
28026981	1012	1028	intimate partner	T099	C0682323
28026981	1054	1075	intimate partnerships	T054	C2584308
28026981	1091	1099	recovery	T052	C0237820
28026981	1126	1137	friendships	T054	C0178647
28026981	1143	1148	women	T098	C0043210
28026981	1155	1167	heterosexual	T098	C1527360
28026981	1168	1171	men	T098	C0025266
28026981	1193	1201	drug use	T048	C0242510
28026981	1206	1214	sex work	T054	C0033595
28026981	1218	1235	home environments	T082	C0442519
28026981	1302	1314	participants	T098	C0679646
28026981	1331	1338	primary	T080	C0205225
28026981	1339	1356	intimate partners	T099	C0682323
28026981	1378	1386	recovery	T052	C0237820
28026981	1395	1413	open communication	T033	C0518574
28026981	1415	1425	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
28026981	1450	1463	interventions	T061	C0184661
28026981	1503	1524	intimate partnerships	T054	C2584308
28026981	1538	1546	recovery	T052	C0237820
28026981	1572	1585	environmental	T082	C0014406
28026981	1586	1595	influence	T077	C4054723
28026981	1599	1609	individual	T098	C0237401
28026981	1610	1613	HIV	T047	C0019693
28026981	1614	1622	sex-risk	T054	C2584308
28026981	1623	1631	behavior	T053	C0004927
28026981	1671	1697	substance use intervention	T061	C0184661

28027117|t|Precision Medicine Starts With Preanalytics: Real-Time Assessment of Tissue Fixation Quality by Ultrasound Time-of-Flight Analysis
28027117|a|Personalized medicine promises diagnosis and treatment of disease at the individual level and relies heavily on clinical specimen integrity and diagnostic assay quality. Preanalytics, the collection and handling steps of a clinical specimen before immunohistochemistry or other clinical assay, are critically important to enable the correct diagnosis of disease. However, the effects of preanalytics are often overlooked due to a lack of standardization and limited assessment tools to quantify their variation. Here, we report a novel real-time ultrasound time-of-flight instrument that is capable of monitoring and imaging the critical step in formalin fixation, diffusion of the fixative into tissue, which provides a quantifiable quality metric for tissue fixation in the clinical laboratory ensuring consistent downstream molecular assay results. We analyzed hundreds of tissue specimens from 34 distinct human tissue types and 12 clinically relevant diseased tissues for diffusion and fixation metrics. Our measurements can be converted into tissue diffusivity constants that correlate with the apparent diffusion constant calculated using magnetic resonance imaging (R=0.83), despite the differences in the approaches, indicating that our approach is biophysically plausible. Using data collected from time-of-flight analysis of many tissues, we have therefore developed a novel rapid fixation program that could ensure high-quality downstream assay results for a broad range of human tissue types.
28027117	0	18	Precision Medicine	T061	C2718059
28027117	31	43	Preanalytics	T061	C0087111
28027117	45	54	Real-Time	T079	C1550177
28027117	55	65	Assessment	T052	C1516048
28027117	69	84	Tissue Fixation	T059	C0085254
28027117	85	92	Quality	T080	C0332306
28027117	107	121	Time-of-Flight	T081	C3815220
28027117	122	130	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28027117	131	152	Personalized medicine	T061	C2718059
28027117	162	171	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28027117	176	185	treatment	T061	C0087111
28027117	189	196	disease	T047	C0012634
28027117	204	214	individual	T098	C0237401
28027117	215	220	level	T080	C0441889
28027117	243	270	clinical specimen integrity	T080	C0807860
28027117	275	285	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28027117	286	291	assay	T059	C1510438
28027117	292	299	quality	T080	C0332306
28027117	301	313	Preanalytics	T061	C0087111
28027117	319	329	collection	T169	C1516698
28027117	334	342	handling	T059	C0037793
28027117	343	348	steps	T077	C1261552
28027117	354	371	clinical specimen	T167	C0370003
28027117	379	399	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28027117	409	423	clinical assay	T059	C1510438
28027117	440	449	important	T080	C3898777
28027117	472	481	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28027117	485	492	disease	T047	C0012634
28027117	518	530	preanalytics	T061	C0087111
28027117	561	565	lack	T080	C0332268
28027117	569	584	standardization	T062	C0038136
28027117	589	596	limited	T169	C0439801
28027117	597	613	assessment tools	T170	C1516602
28027117	617	625	quantify	T081	C1709793
28027117	632	641	variation	T080	C0205419
28027117	661	666	novel	T080	C0205314
28027117	667	713	real-time ultrasound time-of-flight instrument	T074	C0348000
28027117	733	743	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28027117	748	755	imaging	T060	C0011923
28027117	769	773	step	T077	C1261552
28027117	777	794	formalin fixation	T059	C3536615
28027117	796	805	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28027117	813	821	fixative	T130	C0016184
28027117	827	833	tissue	T024	C0040300
28027117	865	872	quality	T080	C0332306
28027117	873	879	metric	T109,T121	C0699680
28027117	884	899	tissue fixation	T059	C0085254
28027117	907	926	clinical laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28027117	936	946	consistent	T078	C0332290
28027117	958	973	molecular assay	T059	C1510438
28027117	974	981	results	T169	C1274040
28027117	1007	1023	tissue specimens	T024	C1292533
28027117	1041	1053	human tissue	T024	C0440744
28027117	1067	1086	clinically relevant	T080	C2347946
28027117	1087	1095	diseased	T047	C0012634
28027117	1096	1103	tissues	T024	C0040300
28027117	1108	1117	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28027117	1122	1130	fixation	T061	C0185023
28027117	1131	1138	metrics	T109,T121	C0699680
28027117	1144	1156	measurements	T169	C0242485
28027117	1179	1207	tissue diffusivity constants	T081	C0392762
28027117	1213	1222	correlate	T080	C1707520
28027117	1241	1259	diffusion constant	T081	C1522609
28027117	1260	1270	calculated	T052	C1441506
28027117	1277	1303	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28027117	1326	1337	differences	T080	C1705242
28027117	1403	1412	plausible	T033	C0332149
28027117	1420	1424	data	T078	C1511726
28027117	1440	1454	time-of-flight	T081	C3815220
28027117	1455	1463	analysis	T062	C0936012
28027117	1472	1479	tissues	T024	C0040300
28027117	1511	1516	novel	T080	C0205314
28027117	1517	1539	rapid fixation program	T170	C0282574
28027117	1582	1587	assay	T059	C1510438
28027117	1588	1595	results	T169	C1274040
28027117	1617	1629	human tissue	T024	C0440744

28027163|t|The Business of Health Physics - Jobs In A Changing Market
28027163|a|The health physics profession was born abruptly when once rare and precious radioactive materials became commonplace. The technological advancements that triggered an industrial complex and ended World War II demanded radiation safety on an unprecedented scale. Until then, protective measures against radiation were largely absent in laboratories. Over the subsequent decades, health physicists began protecting people and the environment in a wide range of settings including medical, research, and industrial. The use of radioactive materials and radiation-generating devices is prevalent today. Radiation doses occur continuously including during airline flights, in our homes, during medical procedures, and in energy production. Radiation is integral to numerous applications including those in medicine, dentistry, manufacturing, construction, scientific research, nuclear electric power generation, and oil and gas exploration. Activities that were once groundbreaking have now become routine and scripted. At higher doses, health effects are understood and avoided. Instruments for the detection and measurement of radiation are at times smarter than their users. Ironically, the same health physics community that has been successful in demonstrating that exposures to radiation and to radioactive materials can be effectively managed is shrinking at an increasingly rapid rate. This paper highlights the creation of past and current jobs, predicts the future opportunities in the profession, and makes recommendations necessary to protect the disappearing specialties.
28027163	4	12	Business	UnknownType	C0680840
28027163	16	30	Health Physics	T091	C0018725
28027163	33	37	Jobs	T090	C0028811
28027163	43	58	Changing Market	T057	C0024825
28027163	63	77	health physics	T091	C0018725
28027163	78	88	profession	T090	C0028811
28027163	135	156	radioactive materials	T122	C0182598
28027163	164	175	commonplace	T081	C0205214
28027163	181	207	technological advancements	UnknownType	C0681519
28027163	226	244	industrial complex	T080	C0439855
28027163	255	267	World War II	T051	C0681710
28027163	277	293	radiation safety	T067	C3825766
28027163	300	319	unprecedented scale	T170	C0349674
28027163	333	370	protective measures against radiation	T068	C3494257
28027163	394	406	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
28027163	437	454	health physicists	T097	C0334722
28027163	461	478	protecting people	T061	C0034533
28027163	487	498	environment	T064	C0242228
28027163	537	544	medical	T058	C0199168
28027163	546	554	research	T062	C0035168
28027163	560	570	industrial	T057	C0021267
28027163	576	604	use of radioactive materials	T033	C4060843
28027163	609	637	radiation-generating devices	T074	C2094479
28027163	641	656	prevalent today	T082	C0205391
28027163	658	673	Radiation doses	T081	C4019308
28027163	710	725	airline flights	T073	C0001881
28027163	748	766	medical procedures	T058	C0199171
28027163	794	803	Radiation	T070	C0851346
28027163	807	840	integral to numerous applications	T169	C0205245
28027163	860	868	medicine	T091	C0025118
28027163	870	879	dentistry	T091	C0011438
28027163	881	894	manufacturing	T090	C0682029
28027163	910	929	scientific research	T062	C0683933
28027163	931	964	nuclear electric power generation	T073	C0242446
28027163	970	993	oil and gas exploration	T070	C3179122
28027163	1052	1059	routine	T080	C0205547
28027163	1064	1072	scripted	T170	C0871893
28027163	1077	1089	higher doses	T081	C4019308
28027163	1091	1105	health effects	T033	C4060919
28027163	1110	1132	understood and avoided	T169	C0205245
28027163	1134	1192	Instruments for the detection and measurement of radiation	T074	C3873809
28027163	1253	1267	health physics	T091	C0018725
28027163	1325	1347	exposures to radiation	T037	C0015333
28027163	1355	1376	radioactive materials	T122	C0182598
28027163	1384	1403	effectively managed	T058	C0024679
28027163	1436	1446	rapid rate	T081	C1521828
28027163	1474	1482	creation	T052	C1706214
28027163	1503	1507	jobs	T090	C0028811
28027163	1529	1560	opportunities in the profession	T078	C1516834
28027163	1572	1587	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28027163	1613	1637	disappearing specialties	T091	C1273796

28027760|t|CT angiography for planning transcatheter aortic valve replacement using automated tube voltage selection: Image quality and radiation exposure
28027760|a|To assess image quality and accuracy of CT angiography (CTA) for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) planning performed with 3rd generation dual-source CT (DSCT). We evaluated 125 patients who underwent TAVR - planning CTA on 3rd generation DSCT. A two-part protocol was performed including retrospectively ECG-gated coronary CTA (CCTA) and prospectively ECG-triggered aortoiliac CTA using 60mL of contrast medium. Automated tube voltage selection and advanced iterative reconstruction were applied. Effective dose (ED), signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR) were calculated. Five-point scales were used for subjective image quality analysis. In patients who underwent TAVR, sizing parameters were obtained. Image quality was rated good to excellent in 97.6% of CCTA and 100% of aortoiliac CTAs. CTA studies at >100kV showed decreased objective image quality compared to 70-100kV (SNR, all p≤0.0459; CNR, all p≤0.0462). Mean ED increased continuously from 70 to >100kV (CCTA: 4.5±1.7mSv-13.6±2.9mSv, all p≤0.0233; aortoiliac CTA: 2.4±0.9mSv-6.8±2.7mSv, all p≤0.0414). In 39 patients TAVR was performed and annulus diameter was within the recommended range in all patients. No severe cardiac or vascular complications were noted. 3rd generation DSCT provides diagnostic image quality in TAVR - planning CTA and facilitates reliable assessment of TAVR device and delivery option while reducing radiation dose.
28027760	0	14	CT angiography	T060	C1536105
28027760	19	27	planning	T169	C1301732
28027760	28	66	transcatheter aortic valve replacement	T061	C3509486
28027760	73	105	automated tube voltage selection	T081	C0392762
28027760	107	120	Image quality	T080	C0806487
28027760	125	134	radiation	T070	C0851346
28027760	135	143	exposure	T080	C0332157
28027760	147	153	assess	T058	C0184514
28027760	154	167	image quality	T080	C0806487
28027760	172	180	accuracy	T080	C0598285
28027760	184	198	CT angiography	T060	C1536105
28027760	200	203	CTA	T060	C1536105
28027760	209	247	transcatheter aortic valve replacement	T061	C3509486
28027760	249	253	TAVR	T061	C3509486
28027760	255	263	planning	T169	C1301732
28027760	279	308	3rd generation dual-source CT	T060	C0040405
28027760	310	314	DSCT	T060	C0040405
28027760	334	342	patients	T101	C0030705
28027760	357	361	TAVR	T061	C3509486
28027760	364	372	planning	T169	C1301732
28027760	373	376	CTA	T060	C1536105
28027760	380	399	3rd generation DSCT	T060	C0040405
28027760	403	420	two-part protocol	T061	C0008971
28027760	445	460	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28027760	461	483	ECG-gated coronary CTA	T060	C1634617
28027760	485	489	CCTA	T060	C1634617
28027760	495	508	prospectively	T080	C0205556
28027760	509	537	ECG-triggered aortoiliac CTA	T060	C1536105
28027760	552	567	contrast medium	T130	C0009924
28027760	569	601	Automated tube voltage selection	T081	C0392762
28027760	606	639	advanced iterative reconstruction	T060	C2986769
28027760	654	668	Effective dose	T081	C4019308
28027760	670	672	ED	T081	C4019308
28027760	675	690	signal-to-noise	T081	C2986823
28027760	692	695	SNR	T081	C2986823
28027760	701	725	contrast-to-noise ratios	T081	C0392762
28027760	727	730	CNR	T081	C0392762
28027760	749	766	Five-point scales	T170	C0282574
28027760	781	791	subjective	T080	C0439655
28027760	792	814	image quality analysis	T060	C1297895
28027760	819	827	patients	T101	C0030705
28027760	842	846	TAVR	T061	C3509486
28027760	848	865	sizing parameters	T033	C0449381
28027760	881	894	Image quality	T080	C0806487
28027760	935	939	CCTA	T060	C1634617
28027760	952	967	aortoiliac CTAs	T060	C1536105
28027760	969	972	CTA	T060	C1536105
28027760	973	980	studies	T062	C0008972
28027760	998	1007	decreased	T081	C0205216
28027760	1008	1017	objective	T080	C1571702
28027760	1018	1031	image quality	T080	C0806487
28027760	1054	1057	SNR	T081	C2986823
28027760	1073	1076	CNR	T081	C0392762
28027760	1093	1097	Mean	T081	C0444504
28027760	1098	1100	ED	T081	C4019308
28027760	1101	1110	increased	T081	C0205217
28027760	1143	1147	CCTA	T060	C1634617
28027760	1187	1201	aortoiliac CTA	T060	C1536105
28027760	1247	1255	patients	T101	C0030705
28027760	1256	1260	TAVR	T061	C3509486
28027760	1279	1286	annulus	T023	C0225957
28027760	1287	1295	diameter	T081	C1301886
28027760	1336	1344	patients	T101	C0030705
28027760	1346	1348	No	T033	C1513916
28027760	1349	1355	severe	T080	C0205082
28027760	1356	1363	cardiac	T046	C0161816
28027760	1367	1389	vascular complications	T046	C0009566
28027760	1402	1421	3rd generation DSCT	T060	C0040405
28027760	1431	1441	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28027760	1442	1455	image quality	T080	C0806487
28027760	1459	1463	TAVR	T061	C3509486
28027760	1466	1474	planning	T169	C1301732
28027760	1475	1478	CTA	T060	C1536105
28027760	1504	1514	assessment	T058	C0220825
28027760	1518	1522	TAVR	T061	C3509486
28027760	1523	1529	device	T074	C0025080
28027760	1534	1542	delivery	T169	C1705822
28027760	1556	1564	reducing	T080	C0392756
28027760	1565	1579	radiation dose	T081	C4019308

28028083|t|Emergence, Seasonality, and Hybridization of Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), an Introduced Predator of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in the Tennessee Appalachians
28028083|a|From 2010 through 2013, adult emergence and seasonality of Laricobius nigrinus Fender, an introduced predatory species native to western North America, as well as hybridization with the native species Laricobius rubidus (LeConte), were evaluated using emergence traps and beat-sheet sampling in areas of previous release against hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand. The shortest emergence period of adult L. nigrinus was 7 wk beginning 22 October 2010, and the longest emergence was 15 wk beginning 17 October 2012. Native L. rubidus also were collected from emergence traps placed on the ground surface and beat-sheet samples all 3 yr, with emergence of L. rubidus initiating later than L. nigrinus each season. Seasonality of both Laricobius species was similar across a 44-mo study period. Adult L. nigrinus were present from October through April, and larvae of Laricobius spp. were collected from February to May. The average number of L. nigrinus from emergence traps was significantly greater than the average number of beetles collected from beat-sheet samples in 2010, while the converse was observed during 2012. Hybridization between L. nigrinus and L. rubidus was documented from 10.75% of specimens collected during 2010 and 2011, indicating periodic interbreeding between the introduced and native species. These findings suggest emergence trapping may be a useful method to assess establishment, population densities, and seasonality of Laricobius species in areas of release to enhance their use in management of A. tsuage.
28028083	0	9	Emergence	T079	C2362314
28028083	11	22	Seasonality	T079	C0683922
28028083	28	41	Hybridization	T045	C0020202
28028083	45	64	Laricobius nigrinus	T204	C3320381
28028083	66	76	Coleoptera	T204	C0009276
28028083	78	90	Derodontidae	T204	C1201064
28028083	107	115	Predator	T109,T121	C3528992
28028083	119	141	Hemlock Woolly Adelgid	T204	C1915530
28028083	143	152	Hemiptera	T204	C0018992
28028083	154	163	Adelgidae	T204	C1081813
28028083	173	182	Tennessee	T083	C0039514
28028083	183	195	Appalachians	T083	C0003609
28028083	220	225	adult	T100	C0001675
28028083	226	235	emergence	T079	C2362314
28028083	240	251	seasonality	T079	C0683922
28028083	255	274	Laricobius nigrinus	T204	C3320381
28028083	297	306	predatory	T040	C0237792
28028083	307	314	species	T185	C1705920
28028083	315	321	native	T169	C0302891
28028083	325	332	western	T082	C1705493
28028083	333	346	North America	T083	C0028405
28028083	359	372	hybridization	T045	C0020202
28028083	382	388	native	T169	C0302891
28028083	389	396	species	T185	C1705920
28028083	397	415	Laricobius rubidus	T204	C3320382
28028083	417	424	LeConte	T204	C3320382
28028083	448	463	emergence traps	T073	C3273359
28028083	468	487	beat-sheet sampling	T062	C0237848
28028083	525	547	hemlock woolly adelgid	T204	C1915530
28028083	549	570	Adelges tsugae Annand	T204	C1915530
28028083	576	584	shortest	T081	C1806781
28028083	585	601	emergence period	T079	C1948053
28028083	605	610	adult	T100	C0001675
28028083	611	622	L. nigrinus	T204	C3320381
28028083	645	652	October	T079	C3828732
28028083	667	674	longest	T080	C0205166
28028083	675	684	emergence	T079	C2362314
28028083	722	728	Native	T169	C0302891
28028083	729	739	L. rubidus	T204	C3320382
28028083	765	780	emergence traps	T073	C3273359
28028083	795	809	ground surface	T082	C0205148
28028083	814	832	beat-sheet samples	T204	C0021585
28028083	848	857	emergence	T079	C2362314
28028083	861	871	L. rubidus	T204	C3320382
28028083	894	905	L. nigrinus	T204	C3320381
28028083	911	917	season	T079	C0036497
28028083	919	930	Seasonality	T079	C0683922
28028083	939	949	Laricobius	T204	C1201065
28028083	950	957	species	T185	C1705920
28028083	985	997	study period	T079	C1948053
28028083	999	1004	Adult	T100	C0001675
28028083	1005	1016	L. nigrinus	T204	C3320381
28028083	1035	1042	October	T079	C3828732
28028083	1051	1056	April	T079	C3715024
28028083	1062	1068	larvae	T204	C0023047
28028083	1072	1087	Laricobius spp.	T204	C1201065
28028083	1147	1158	L. nigrinus	T204	C3320381
28028083	1164	1179	emergence traps	T073	C3273359
28028083	1233	1240	beetles	T204	C0009276
28028083	1256	1274	beat-sheet samples	T204	C0021585
28028083	1329	1342	Hybridization	T045	C0020202
28028083	1351	1362	L. nigrinus	T204	C3320381
28028083	1367	1377	L. rubidus	T204	C3320382
28028083	1470	1483	interbreeding	T045	C0020202
28028083	1511	1517	native	T169	C0302891
28028083	1518	1525	species	T185	C1705920
28028083	1550	1568	emergence trapping	T169	C0449851
28028083	1617	1637	population densities	T081	C0032665
28028083	1643	1654	seasonality	T079	C0683922
28028083	1658	1668	Laricobius	T204	C1201065
28028083	1669	1676	species	T185	C1705920
28028083	1735	1744	A. tsuage	T204	C1915530

28028852|t|Structural investigation on WlaRG from Campylobacter jejuni: A sugar aminotransferase
28028852|a|Campylobacter jejuni is a Gram-negative bacterium that represents a leading cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Of particular concern is the link between C. jejuni infections and the subsequent development of Guillain-Barré syndrome, an acquired autoimmune disorder leading to paralysis. All Gram-negative bacteria contain complex glycoconjugates anchored to their outer membranes, but in most strains of C. jejuni, this lipoglycan lacks the O-antigen repeating units. Recent mass spectrometry analyses indicate that the C. jejuni 81116 (Penner serotype HS:6) lipoglycan contains two dideoxyhexosamine residues, and enzymological assay data show that this bacterial strain can synthesize both dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose and dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose. The focus of this investigation is on WlaRG from C. jejuni, which plays a key role in the production of these unusual sugars by functioning as a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent aminotransferase. Here, we describe the first three-dimensional structures of the enzyme in various complexes determined to resolutions of 1.7 Å or higher. Of particular significance are the external aldimine structures of WlaRG solved in the presence of either dTDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose or dTDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. These models highlight the manner in which WlaRG can accommodate sugars with differing stereochemistries about their C-4' carbon positions. In addition, we present a corrected structure of WbpE, a related sugar aminotransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, solved to 1.3 Å resolution.
28028852	0	10	Structural	T082	C0678594
28028852	11	24	investigation	T062	C0015195
28028852	28	33	WlaRG	T116,T126	C0002594
28028852	39	59	Campylobacter jejuni	T007	C0006819
28028852	63	68	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
28028852	69	85	aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0002594
28028852	86	106	Campylobacter jejuni	T007	C0006819
28028852	112	135	Gram-negative bacterium	T007	C0018150
28028852	162	167	cause	T169	C0015127
28028852	171	176	human	T016	C0086418
28028852	177	192	gastroenteritis	T047	C0017160
28028852	246	266	C. jejuni infections	T047	C2959964
28028852	301	324	Guillain-Barré syndrome	T047	C0018378
28028852	329	357	acquired autoimmune disorder	T033	C2750154
28028852	369	378	paralysis	T033	C0522224
28028852	384	406	Gram-negative bacteria	T007	C0018150
28028852	415	422	complex	T104	C1704241
28028852	423	438	glycoconjugates	T109	C0017906
28028852	457	472	outer membranes	T026	C4236857
28028852	486	493	strains	T080	C0456178
28028852	497	506	C. jejuni	T007	C0006819
28028852	513	523	lipoglycan	T109	C0023810
28028852	534	559	O-antigen repeating units	T109,T129	C0069180
28028852	568	585	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28028852	586	594	analyses	T062	C0936012
28028852	613	628	C. jejuni 81116	T170	C0449943
28028852	630	650	Penner serotype HS:6	T170	C0449943
28028852	652	662	lipoglycan	T109	C0023810
28028852	676	693	dideoxyhexosamine	T109,T123	C0019477
28028852	694	702	residues	T077	C1709915
28028852	708	727	enzymological assay	T059	C0005507
28028852	728	732	data	T078	C1511726
28028852	748	764	bacterial strain	T007	C0004611
28028852	769	779	synthesize	T052	C1883254
28028852	785	823	dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose	T114,T123	C2352508
28028852	828	868	dTDP-3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose	T114	C1311058
28028852	888	901	investigation	T062	C0015195
28028852	908	913	WlaRG	T116,T126	C0002594
28028852	919	928	C. jejuni	T007	C0006819
28028852	960	970	production	T052	C1883254
28028852	988	994	sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
28028852	998	1009	functioning	T169	C0542341
28028852	1015	1037	pyridoxal 5'-phosphate	T109,T121,T127	C0034266
28028852	1048	1064	aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0002594
28028852	1094	1111	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28028852	1112	1122	structures	T082	C0678594
28028852	1130	1136	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28028852	1148	1157	complexes	T104	C1704241
28028852	1172	1183	resolutions	T081	C1706463
28028852	1248	1256	aldimine	T109	C0020930
28028852	1257	1267	structures	T082	C0678594
28028852	1271	1276	WlaRG	T116,T126	C0002594
28028852	1310	1346	dTDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose	T109,T123	C0016945
28028852	1350	1384	dTDP-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28028852	1392	1398	models	T075	C0026339
28028852	1429	1434	WlaRG	T116,T126	C0002594
28028852	1451	1457	sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
28028852	1473	1490	stereochemistries	T044	C3536948
28028852	1503	1514	C-4' carbon	T196	C0007009
28028852	1562	1571	structure	T082	C0678594
28028852	1575	1579	WbpE	T116,T126	C0002594
28028852	1591	1596	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
28028852	1597	1613	aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0002594
28028852	1619	1641	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
28028852	1659	1669	resolution	T081	C1706463

28030997|t|Mandibular position influence on pilots ' postural balance analyzed under dynamic conditions
28030997|a|The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of the mandibular position on the postural stability in a sample of civilian and military pilots. Twenty military pilots (males, mean age 35.15 ± 3.14 years) and 17 civilian pilots (males, mean 34.91 ± 2.15 years) were enrolled in this study and underwent a Sensory Organization Test (SOT) using the EquiTest ® (NeuroCom International Inc ., Clackamas, OR, USA) computerized dynamic posturography. The composite parameter was recorded and analyzed. The equilibrium score (ES) recorded in centric occlusion is slightly higher than the ES recorded in mandibular rest position; civilian pilots showed ESs slightly higher than military pilots. The two-way ANOVA analysis shows these differences are not statistically significant. The findings of this study seem to suggest that the composite parameter of the SOT is not sensitive in analyzing the influence of the stomatognathic system on the postural balance of civilian and military pilots.
28030997	0	10	Mandibular	T023	C0024687
28030997	11	19	position	T082	C0733755
28030997	20	29	influence	T077	C4054723
28030997	33	39	pilots	T097	C0473169
28030997	42	58	postural balance	T040	C1256755
28030997	59	67	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28030997	74	81	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28030997	82	92	conditions	T080	C0348080
28030997	109	114	study	T059	C0947630
28030997	121	129	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28030997	134	143	influence	T077	C4054723
28030997	151	161	mandibular	T023	C0024687
28030997	162	170	position	T082	C0733755
28030997	178	196	postural stability	T040	C1256755
28030997	202	208	sample	T098	C1257890
28030997	212	220	civilian	T097	C0473169
28030997	225	240	military pilots	T097	C0473169
28030997	249	264	military pilots	T097	C0473169
28030997	266	271	males	T032	C0086582
28030997	278	281	age	T032	C0001779
28030997	295	300	years	T079	C1510829
28030997	309	324	civilian pilots	T097	C0473169
28030997	326	331	males	T032	C0086582
28030997	351	356	years	T079	C1510829
28030997	363	371	enrolled	T058	C1514821
28030997	380	385	study	T059	C0947630
28030997	402	427	Sensory Organization Test	T060	C0200116
28030997	429	432	SOT	T060	C0200116
28030997	444	452	EquiTest	T060	C0456757
28030997	456	482	NeuroCom International Inc	T093	C1708333
28030997	486	495	Clackamas	UnknownType	C0681784
28030997	497	499	OR	T083	C0029195
28030997	501	504	USA	T083	C0041703
28030997	506	540	computerized dynamic posturography	T060	C2460901
28030997	546	555	composite	T080	C0205199
28030997	556	565	parameter	T077	C0549193
28030997	570	578	recorded	T058	C1301725
28030997	583	591	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28030997	597	614	equilibrium score	T081	C0449820
28030997	616	618	ES	T081	C0449820
28030997	620	628	recorded	T058	C1301725
28030997	632	649	centric occlusion	T201	C0011384
28030997	662	668	higher	T080	C0205250
28030997	678	680	ES	T081	C0449820
28030997	681	689	recorded	T058	C1301725
28030997	693	717	mandibular rest position	T082	C0024697
28030997	719	734	civilian pilots	T097	C0473169
28030997	742	745	ESs	T081	C0449820
28030997	755	761	higher	T080	C0205250
28030997	767	782	military pilots	T097	C0473169
28030997	796	810	ANOVA analysis	T081	C0002780
28030997	843	868	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28030997	874	882	findings	T033	C0243095
28030997	891	896	study	T059	C0947630
28030997	922	931	composite	T080	C0205199
28030997	932	941	parameter	T077	C0549193
28030997	949	952	SOT	T060	C0200116
28030997	960	969	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28030997	973	982	analyzing	T062	C0936012
28030997	987	996	influence	T077	C4054723
28030997	1004	1025	stomatognathic system	T022	C0038369
28030997	1033	1049	postural balance	T040	C1256755
28030997	1053	1061	civilian	T097	C0473169
28030997	1066	1081	military pilots	T097	C0473169

28031240|t|Combination of a STAT3 Inhibitor and an mTOR Inhibitor Against a Temozolomide - resistant Glioblastoma Cell Line
28031240|a|Temozolomide - resistant (TMZ - R) glioblastoma is very difficult to treat, and a novel approach to overcome resistance is needed. The efficacy of a combination treatment of STAT3 inhibitor, STX-0119, with rapamycin was investigated against our established TMZ - resistant U87 cell line. The growth-inhibitory effect of the combination treatment was significant against the TMZ - R U87 cell line (IC50: 78 μM for STX-0119, 30.5 μM for rapamycin and 11.3 μM for combination of the two). Western blotting analysis demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of STX-0119 on S6 and 4E-BP1 activation through regulation of YKL-40 expression occurred in addition to the inhibitory effect of rapamycin against the mTOR pathway. These results suggest that the STAT3 pathway is associated with the mTOR downstream pathway mediated by YKL-40 protein, and the combination therapy of the STAT3 inhibitor and rapamycin could be worth developing as a novel therapeutic approach against TMZ - resistant relapsed gliomas.
28031240	0	11	Combination	T080	C0205195
28031240	17	22	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
28031240	23	32	Inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28031240	40	54	mTOR Inhibitor	T121	C2746052
28031240	65	77	Temozolomide	T109,T121	C0076080
28031240	80	89	resistant	T038	C0013203
28031240	90	102	Glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28031240	103	112	Cell Line	T025	C0007634
28031240	113	125	Temozolomide	T109,T121	C0076080
28031240	128	137	resistant	T038	C0013203
28031240	139	142	TMZ	T109,T121	C0076080
28031240	145	146	R	T038	C0013203
28031240	148	160	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28031240	182	187	treat	T061	C0087111
28031240	222	232	resistance	T038	C0013203
28031240	262	273	combination	T080	C0205195
28031240	274	283	treatment	T061	C0087111
28031240	287	292	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
28031240	293	302	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28031240	304	312	STX-0119	T109,T121	C3177942
28031240	319	328	rapamycin	T109,T195	C0072980
28031240	370	373	TMZ	T109,T121	C0076080
28031240	376	385	resistant	T038	C0013203
28031240	386	399	U87 cell line	T025	C0007634
28031240	405	429	growth-inhibitory effect	T043	C0007613
28031240	437	448	combination	T080	C0205195
28031240	449	458	treatment	T061	C0087111
28031240	487	490	TMZ	T109,T121	C0076080
28031240	493	494	R	T038	C0013203
28031240	495	508	U87 cell line	T025	C0007634
28031240	510	514	IC50	T081	C0600495
28031240	526	534	STX-0119	T109,T121	C3177942
28031240	548	557	rapamycin	T109,T195	C0072980
28031240	574	585	combination	T080	C0205195
28031240	599	624	Western blotting analysis	T059,T063	C0005863
28031240	647	664	inhibitory effect	T043	C0007613
28031240	668	676	STX-0119	T109,T121	C3177942
28031240	680	682	S6	T116,T126	C0073337
28031240	687	693	4E-BP1	T116,T123	C0254260
28031240	694	704	activation	T044	C0014429
28031240	713	723	regulation	T045	C0017263
28031240	727	733	YKL-40	T116,T123	C0528649
28031240	734	744	expression	T045	C1171362
28031240	773	790	inhibitory effect	T043	C0007613
28031240	794	803	rapamycin	T109,T195	C0072980
28031240	816	828	mTOR pathway	T044	C1515673
28031240	861	866	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
28031240	867	874	pathway	T044	C1704259
28031240	878	893	associated with	T080	C0332281
28031240	898	921	mTOR downstream pathway	T044	C1515673
28031240	934	948	YKL-40 protein	T116,T123	C0528649
28031240	958	969	combination	T080	C0205195
28031240	970	977	therapy	T061	C0087111
28031240	985	990	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
28031240	991	1000	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28031240	1005	1014	rapamycin	T109,T195	C0072980
28031240	1052	1072	therapeutic approach	T061	C0087111
28031240	1081	1084	TMZ	T109,T121	C0076080
28031240	1087	1096	resistant	T038	C0013203
28031240	1097	1105	relapsed	T067	C0035020
28031240	1106	1113	gliomas	T191	C0017638

28032216|t|Effectiveness of aprepitant in addition to ondansetron in the prevention of nausea and vomiting caused by fractionated radiotherapy to the upper abdomen (AVERT)
28032216|a|Despite a lower risk of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving radiotherapy to the upper abdomen (UA-RINV) with prophylactic 5-HT3 antagonist therapy, patients can still experience UA-RINV. The aim of this multicenter phase II study was to assess effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of protracted dual NK1-receptor and 5-HT3 antagonist prophylaxis against UA-RINV. Patients receiving fractionated radiotherapy with radiosensitizing chemotherapy received oral ondansetron 8 mg po q12 h and aprepitant 125/80/80 mg on a Monday, Wednesday, Friday schedules throughout radiotherapy. The primary outcome was complete response (CR) defined as no vomiting or rescue therapy during the entire observation period of radiotherapy (OP). Nausea, vomiting, and use of rescue medication were recorded in a modified version of the MASCC antiemesis tool completed twice weekly. Fifty-five patients were enrolled at 5 sites, 52 of whom were evaluable. 57.7% of patients (30/52, 95% CI 43.2-71.3%) achieved CR on study, with 73.1% (38/52, 95% CI 59.0-84.4%) who did not vomit, and 71.2% (37/52, 95% CI 56.9-82.9%) who did not use rescue medication during the OP. Overall, participants vomited or experienced significant nausea (SN) for an average of 6.8% (95% CI 11.4-21.0) and 8.4% (95% CI 4.2-12.7%) of time on study, respectively. Nausea was common with 32 (61.5%) reporting SN at any time during the OP. UA-RINV remains an important morbidity despite the advent of modern radiotherapy. Aprepitant and ondansetron as dosed in this trial was not superior to standard ondansetron monotherapy.
28032216	0	13	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28032216	17	27	aprepitant	T109,T121	C1176306
28032216	28	42	in addition to	T169	C0332287
28032216	43	54	ondansetron	T109,T121	C0061851
28032216	62	72	prevention	T080	C2700409
28032216	76	82	nausea	T184	C0027497
28032216	87	95	vomiting	T184	C0042963
28032216	106	152	fractionated radiotherapy to the upper abdomen	T061	C1997554
28032216	154	159	AVERT	T061	C1997554
28032216	171	176	lower	T052	C2003888
28032216	177	181	risk	T078	C0035647
28032216	185	191	nausea	T184	C0027497
28032216	196	204	vomiting	T184	C0042963
28032216	208	216	patients	T101	C0030705
28032216	227	260	radiotherapy to the upper abdomen	T061	C1997554
28032216	262	269	UA-RINV	T061	C1997554
28032216	276	313	prophylactic 5-HT3 antagonist therapy	T061	C2347899
28032216	315	323	patients	T101	C0030705
28032216	345	352	UA-RINV	T061	C1997554
28032216	358	361	aim	T078	C1947946
28032216	370	396	multicenter phase II study	T062	C1096776
28032216	404	410	assess	T052	C1516048
28032216	411	424	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28032216	438	450	tolerability	T062	C3274448
28032216	454	482	protracted dual NK1-receptor	T116,T192	C0164209
28032216	487	503	5-HT3 antagonist	T109,T121	C0360055
28032216	504	515	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
28032216	524	531	UA-RINV	T061	C1997554
28032216	533	541	Patients	T101	C0030705
28032216	552	577	fractionated radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28032216	583	599	radiosensitizing	T061	C0436310
28032216	600	612	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28032216	622	626	oral	T082	C0442027
28032216	627	638	ondansetron	T109,T121	C0061851
28032216	657	667	aprepitant	T109,T121	C1176306
28032216	686	692	Monday	T079	C0585024
28032216	694	703	Wednesday	T079	C0585027
28032216	705	711	Friday	T079	C0585029
28032216	733	745	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28032216	751	758	primary	T080	C0205225
28032216	759	766	outcome	T080	C0085415
28032216	771	788	complete response	T033	C4050094
28032216	790	792	CR	T033	C4050094
28032216	805	816	no vomiting	T033	C0375548
28032216	820	834	rescue therapy	T061	C0085405
28032216	853	864	observation	T058	C0700325
28032216	865	871	period	T079	C1948053
28032216	875	887	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28032216	889	891	OP	T079	C1948053
28032216	894	900	Nausea	T184	C0027497
28032216	902	910	vomiting	T184	C0042963
28032216	923	940	rescue medication	T061	C0085405
28032216	960	968	modified	T169	C0392747
28032216	984	1005	MASCC antiemesis tool	T170	C3714902
28032216	1006	1015	completed	T080	C0205197
28032216	1016	1028	twice weekly	T079	C0556985
28032216	1030	1040	Fifty-five	T081	C0392762
28032216	1041	1049	patients	T101	C0030705
28032216	1112	1120	patients	T101	C0030705
28032216	1133	1135	CI	T081	C0009667
28032216	1157	1159	CR	T033	C4050094
28032216	1163	1168	study	T062	C2603343
28032216	1193	1195	CI	T081	C0009667
28032216	1212	1225	did not vomit	T033	C0375548
28032216	1249	1251	CI	T081	C0009667
28032216	1280	1297	rescue medication	T061	C0085405
28032216	1309	1311	OP	T079	C1948053
28032216	1322	1334	participants	T098	C0679646
28032216	1335	1342	vomited	T184	C0042963
28032216	1358	1376	significant nausea	T184	C0027497
28032216	1378	1380	SN	T184	C0027497
28032216	1389	1396	average	T081	C1510992
28032216	1410	1412	CI	T081	C0009667
28032216	1438	1440	CI	T081	C0009667
28032216	1463	1468	study	T062	C2603343
28032216	1484	1490	Nausea	T184	C0027497
28032216	1495	1501	common	T081	C0205214
28032216	1528	1530	SN	T184	C0027497
28032216	1538	1542	time	T079	C0040223
28032216	1554	1556	OP	T079	C1948053
28032216	1558	1565	UA-RINV	T061	C1997554
28032216	1577	1586	important	T080	C3898777
28032216	1587	1596	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28032216	1609	1615	advent	T052	C1706079
28032216	1626	1638	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28032216	1640	1650	Aprepitant	T109,T121	C1176306
28032216	1655	1666	ondansetron	T109,T121	C0061851
28032216	1684	1689	trial	T062	C0008976
28032216	1710	1718	standard	T080	C1442989
28032216	1719	1730	ondansetron	T109,T121	C0061851
28032216	1731	1742	monotherapy	T061	C0087111

28032366|t|Permanence can be Defended
28032366|a|In donation after the circulatory-respiratory determination of death (DCDD), the dead donor rule requires that the donor be dead before organ procurement can proceed. Under the relevant limb of the Uniform Determination of Death Act 1981 (USA), a person is dead when the cessation of circulatory-respiratory function is ' irreversible '. Critics of current practice in DCDD have argued that the donor is not dead at the time organs are procured, and so the procurement of organs from these donors violates the dead donor rule. We offer a new argument here in defence of current DCDD practice, and, in particular, of the interpretation of the requirement of ' irreversibility ' as permanence.
28032366	0	10	Permanence	T079	C0547050
28032366	18	26	Defended	T054	C0680227
28032366	30	38	donation	T055	C0282366
28032366	49	95	circulatory-respiratory determination of death	T060	C0079221
28032366	97	101	DCDD	T060	C0079221
28032366	108	112	dead	T040	C0011065
28032366	113	118	donor	T098	C0029206
28032366	119	123	rule	T170	C0870077
28032366	124	132	requires	T080	C0027552
28032366	142	147	donor	T098	C0029206
28032366	151	155	dead	T040	C0011065
28032366	156	162	before	T079	C0332152
28032366	163	180	organ procurement	T058	C0029210
28032366	204	217	relevant limb	T080	C2347946
28032366	225	270	Uniform Determination of Death Act 1981 (USA)	T170	C1947938
28032366	274	280	person	T098	C0027361
28032366	284	288	dead	T040	C0011065
28032366	298	307	cessation	T052	C1880019
28032366	311	343	circulatory-respiratory function	T169	C0542341
28032366	349	361	irreversible	T033	C0243095
28032366	365	372	Critics	T097	C0335034
28032366	376	383	current	T079	C0521116
28032366	384	392	practice	T041	C0237607
28032366	396	400	DCDD	T060	C0079221
28032366	406	412	argued	T054	C0680226
28032366	422	427	donor	T098	C0029206
28032366	435	439	dead	T040	C0011065
28032366	447	451	time	T079	C0040223
28032366	452	458	organs	T023	C0178784
28032366	463	471	procured	T058	C0029210
28032366	484	505	procurement of organs	T058	C0029210
28032366	517	523	donors	T098	C0029206
28032366	537	541	dead	T040	C0011065
28032366	542	547	donor	T098	C0029206
28032366	548	552	rule	T170	C0870077
28032366	557	562	offer	T033	C1444648
28032366	565	568	new	T080	C0205314
28032366	569	577	argument	T054	C0680226
28032366	586	593	defence	T054	C0680227
28032366	597	604	current	T079	C0521116
28032366	605	609	DCDD	T060	C0079221
28032366	610	618	practice	T041	C0237607
28032366	647	661	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28032366	669	680	requirement	T169	C1514873
28032366	686	701	irreversibility	T033	C0243095
28032366	707	717	permanence	T079	C0547050

28033191|t|A Giant Aneurysmal Bone Cyst in the Mandibular Condyle
28033191|a|Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare, rapidly expanding, locally destructive, and easily misdiagnosed lesion. An ABC of the condyle is rare. This report presents a 25- year - old female with a giant ABC in the left mandibular condyle. This patient was treated with surgical resection of the affected bone and immediate mandibular reconstruction using autologous bone. Follow-up to date showed no signs of recurrence. The clinical feature, imaging finding, pathogenesis, and treatment methods of ABCs are discussed.
28033191	2	7	Giant	T025	C0017526
28033191	8	28	Aneurysmal Bone Cyst	T047	C0152244
28033191	36	54	Mandibular Condyle	T023	C0024688
28033191	55	75	Aneurysmal bone cyst	T047	C0152244
28033191	77	80	ABC	T047	C0152244
28033191	87	91	rare	T080	C0522498
28033191	93	100	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28033191	101	110	expanding	T082	C0205229
28033191	112	119	locally	T082	C1517927
28033191	120	131	destructive	T052	C1948029
28033191	137	143	easily	T033	C0332219
28033191	144	156	misdiagnosed	T033	C0679838
28033191	157	163	lesion	T033	C0221198
28033191	168	171	ABC	T047	C0152244
28033191	179	186	condyle	T023	C0024688
28033191	190	194	rare	T080	C0522498
28033191	223	227	year	T079	C0439234
28033191	230	233	old	T079	C0580836
28033191	234	240	female	T032	C0086287
28033191	248	253	giant	T025	C0017526
28033191	254	257	ABC	T047	C0152244
28033191	265	288	left mandibular condyle	T082	C0205091
28033191	270	288	mandibular condyle	T023	C0024688
28033191	295	302	patient	T101	C0030705
28033191	307	319	treated with	T061	C0332293
28033191	320	338	surgical resection	T061	C0015252
28033191	346	354	affected	T169	C0392760
28033191	355	359	bone	T023	C0262950
28033191	374	399	mandibular reconstruction	T061	C2242551
28033191	406	416	autologous	T080	C0439859
28033191	417	421	bone	T023	C0262950
28033191	423	440	Follow-up to date	T058	C3694716
28033191	451	456	signs	T033	C0311392
28033191	460	470	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28033191	476	484	clinical	T080	C0205210
28033191	485	492	feature	T080	C2348519
28033191	494	509	imaging finding	T034	C1287399
28033191	511	523	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28033191	529	546	treatment methods	T061	C0087111
28033191	550	554	ABCs	T047	C0152244

28033500|t|Autonomous assembly of ordered metastable DNA nanoarchitecture and in situ visualizing of intracellular microRNAs
28033500|a|Facile assembly of intelligent DNA nanoobjects with the ability to exert in situ visualization of intracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) has long been concerned in the fields of DNA nanotechnology and basic medical study. Here, we present a driving primer (DP)-triggered polymerization -mediated metastable assembly (PMA) strategy to prepare a well-ordered metastable DNA nanoarchitecture composed of only two hairpin probes (HAPs), which has never been explored by assembly methods. Its structural features and functions are characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM) and gel electrophoresis. Even if with a metastable molecular structure, this nanoarchitecture is relatively stable at physiological temperature. The assembly strategy can be expanded to execute microRNA-21 (miRNA-21) in situ imaging inside cancer cells by labelling one of the HAPs with fluorophore and quencher. Compared with the conventional fluorescence probe -based in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, confocal images revealed that the proposed DNA nanoassembly can not only achieve greatly enhanced imaging effect within cancer cells, but also reflect the miRNA-21 expression level sensitively. We believe that the easily constructed DNA nanoarchitecture and in situ profiling strategy are significant progresses in DNA assembly and molecule imaging in cells.
28033500	0	19	Autonomous assembly	T044	C0872376
28033500	31	41	metastable	T080	C0205360
28033500	42	45	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28033500	46	62	nanoarchitecture	T073	C1450053
28033500	67	74	in situ	T082	C0444498
28033500	75	86	visualizing	T169	C0234621
28033500	90	103	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28033500	104	113	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28033500	121	129	assembly	T044	C0872376
28033500	133	148	intelligent DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28033500	149	160	nanoobjects	T073	C1450053
28033500	187	194	in situ	T082	C0444498
28033500	195	208	visualization	T169	C0234621
28033500	212	225	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28033500	226	235	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28033500	237	243	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28033500	286	289	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28033500	290	304	nanotechnology	T090	C1513398
28033500	315	328	medical study	T062	C2603343
28033500	349	363	driving primer	T114	C0206416
28033500	365	367	DP	T114	C0206416
28033500	379	393	polymerization	T067	C0314672
28033500	404	414	metastable	T080	C0205360
28033500	415	423	assembly	T044	C0872376
28033500	425	428	PMA	T044	C0872376
28033500	465	475	metastable	T080	C0205360
28033500	476	479	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28033500	480	496	nanoarchitecture	T073	C1450053
28033500	518	532	hairpin probes	T114,T130	C0012893
28033500	534	538	HAPs	T114,T130	C0012893
28033500	574	582	assembly	T044	C0872376
28033500	583	590	methods	T170	C0025663
28033500	596	629	structural features and functions	T091	C1171305
28033500	651	674	atomic force microscope	T059	C0242849
28033500	676	679	AFM	T059	C0242849
28033500	685	704	gel electrophoresis	T059	C0596607
28033500	721	731	metastable	T080	C0205360
28033500	732	751	molecular structure	T085	C0026383
28033500	758	774	nanoarchitecture	T073	C1450053
28033500	799	824	physiological temperature	T032	C0005903
28033500	830	838	assembly	T044	C0872376
28033500	875	886	microRNA-21	T114,T123	C1999986
28033500	888	896	miRNA-21	T114,T123	C1999986
28033500	898	905	in situ	T082	C0444498
28033500	906	913	imaging	T060	C1537000
28033500	921	933	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28033500	958	962	HAPs	T114,T130	C0012893
28033500	968	979	fluorophore	T121,T130	C0598447
28033500	984	992	quencher	T167	C0439861
28033500	1025	1043	fluorescence probe	T130	C0016321
28033500	1051	1089	in situ hybridization (FISH) technique	T063	C0162788
28033500	1091	1106	confocal images	T059	C0242842
28033500	1134	1137	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28033500	1138	1150	nanoassembly	T044	C0872376
28033500	1189	1203	imaging effect	T060	C0079595
28033500	1211	1223	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28033500	1246	1254	miRNA-21	T114,T123	C1999986
28033500	1255	1271	expression level	T081	C3244092
28033500	1324	1344	DNA nanoarchitecture	T073	C1450053
28033500	1349	1356	in situ	T082	C0444498
28033500	1357	1375	profiling strategy	T063	C1513400
28033500	1406	1409	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28033500	1410	1418	assembly	T044	C0872376
28033500	1423	1439	molecule imaging	T059	C4277686
28033500	1443	1448	cells	T025	C0007634

28033725|t|Untypeable hepatitis C virus subtypes in Pakistan: A neglected section
28033725|a|Diagnostically untypeable subtypes contribute a considerable percent of hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes in Pakistan. In the present study, chronically infected HCV patients with known viremia were subjected to HCV genotyping. Among the total retrieved samples, 92.7% (64/69) were found typeable while 7.24% (5/69) were diagnostically untypeable. In conclusion, the presence of large number of untypeable HCV subtypes emphasizes the need of an updated type - specific genotyping assay and consideration of primers for proportionally rare subtypes to minimize the number of untypeable HCV subtypes.
28033725	0	10	Untypeable	T080	C0205370
28033725	11	28	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
28033725	29	37	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28033725	41	49	Pakistan	T083	C0030211
28033725	71	85	Diagnostically	T169	C0348026
28033725	86	96	untypeable	T080	C0205370
28033725	97	105	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28033725	143	160	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
28033725	162	165	HCV	T005	C0220847
28033725	167	175	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28033725	179	187	Pakistan	T083	C0030211
28033725	204	209	study	T062	C2603343
28033725	211	231	chronically infected	T047	C0151317
28033725	232	235	HCV	T005	C0220847
28033725	236	244	patients	T101	C0030705
28033725	256	263	viremia	T047	C0042749
28033725	282	285	HCV	T005	C0220847
28033725	286	296	genotyping	T059	C2368152
28033725	324	331	samples	T077	C2347026
28033725	358	366	typeable	T080	C0205309
28033725	391	405	diagnostically	T169	C0348026
28033725	406	416	untypeable	T080	C0205370
28033725	421	431	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28033725	465	475	untypeable	T080	C0205370
28033725	476	479	HCV	T005	C0220847
28033725	480	488	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28033725	523	527	type	T080	C0332307
28033725	530	538	specific	T080	C0205369
28033725	539	549	genotyping	T059	C2368152
28033725	550	555	assay	T059	C0005507
28033725	577	584	primers	T114	C0206416
28033725	604	608	rare	T080	C0522498
28033725	609	617	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28033725	621	629	minimize	T080	C0392756
28033725	644	654	untypeable	T080	C0205370
28033725	655	658	HCV	T005	C0220847
28033725	659	667	subtypes	T185	C0449560

28034357|t|Psychological Stress in Pathogenesis of Essential Hypertension
28034357|a|The article represents literature review and provides evidence for psychological stress to play essential role in the development of arterial hypertension. The pathogenesis of hypertension is complex with a significant diversity and variability of the mechanisms involved in individual patient. In this regard, the determination of specific pathogenic pathways underlying sustained blood pressure elevation in each patient would substantially individualize therapeutic approaches, and hence increase the effectiveness of treatment. Psychological stress is proposed as a significant factor contributing to the development of hypertension. Global urbanization, sedentary lifestyle, daily stress at workplace, lack of physical activity and social support lead to increased anxiety, uncertainty, and finally to chronic mental and emotional stress. This review provides information about alterations in neuroendocrine and immune systems as the main pathogenic pathways linking psychological stress and hypertension. Endothelial dysfunction is considered not only as a consequence but also a primary factor causing prohypertensive state. Moreover, physical inactivity is discussed as one of the plausible mechanisms playing a key role in the development of hypertension in modern lifestyle conditions. Particularly the loss of connection between psychosocial strain and physical activity may underlie the deleterious effect of stress on cardiovascular and metabolic health.
28034357	0	20	Psychological Stress	T048	C0038443
28034357	24	36	Pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28034357	40	62	Essential Hypertension	T047	C0085580
28034357	86	103	literature review	T170	C0282441
28034357	117	125	evidence	T078	C3887511
28034357	130	150	psychological stress	T048	C0038443
28034357	181	192	development	T169	C1527148
28034357	196	217	arterial hypertension	T047	C0020538
28034357	223	235	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28034357	239	251	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28034357	255	262	complex	T080	C0439855
28034357	282	291	diversity	T080	C1880371
28034357	296	307	variability	T077	C2827666
28034357	315	325	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28034357	338	348	individual	T098	C0237401
28034357	349	356	patient	T101	C0030705
28034357	378	391	determination	T059	C1148554
28034357	404	423	pathogenic pathways	T077	C1511986
28034357	435	444	sustained	T169	C0443318
28034357	445	469	blood pressure elevation	T033	C0497247
28034357	478	485	patient	T101	C0030705
28034357	520	542	therapeutic approaches	T061	C0087111
28034357	554	562	increase	T169	C0442805
28034357	567	593	effectiveness of treatment	T080	C0087113
28034357	595	615	Psychological stress	T048	C0038443
28034357	645	651	factor	T169	C1521761
28034357	672	683	development	T169	C1527148
28034357	687	699	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28034357	701	720	Global urbanization	T068	C0041938
28034357	722	741	sedentary lifestyle	T033	C1532253
28034357	743	748	daily	T079	C0332173
28034357	749	768	stress at workplace	T033	C0558919
28034357	770	795	lack of physical activity	T033	C0086439
28034357	800	814	social support	T054	C0037438
28034357	823	832	increased	T081	C0205217
28034357	833	840	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28034357	842	853	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28034357	870	884	chronic mental	T048	C0038443
28034357	889	905	emotional stress	T048	C0086209
28034357	912	918	review	T170	C0282443
28034357	946	957	alterations	T078	C1515926
28034357	961	975	neuroendocrine	T022	C0027912
28034357	980	994	immune systems	T022	C0020962
28034357	1007	1026	pathogenic pathways	T077	C1511986
28034357	1035	1055	psychological stress	T048	C0038443
28034357	1060	1072	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28034357	1074	1097	Endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
28034357	1126	1137	consequence	T169	C0686907
28034357	1149	1156	primary	T080	C0205225
28034357	1157	1163	factor	T169	C1521761
28034357	1172	1193	prohypertensive state	T033	C0857121
28034357	1205	1224	physical inactivity	T056	C3890554
28034357	1262	1272	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28034357	1299	1310	development	T169	C1527148
28034357	1314	1326	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28034357	1330	1346	modern lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28034357	1347	1357	conditions	T080	C0348080
28034357	1403	1422	psychosocial strain	T184	C1510453
28034357	1427	1444	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28034357	1462	1480	deleterious effect	T080	C1280500
28034357	1484	1490	stress	T048	C0038443
28034357	1494	1508	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28034357	1513	1522	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28034357	1523	1529	health	T078	C0018684

28034384|t|Mesenteric lipoblastoma presenting as a small intestinal volvulus in an infant: A case report and literature review
28034384|a|A 1-year-old boy with no underlying disorder presented with non-bilious vomiting since 4 days before admission. He was referred to our hospital and was diagnosed with a small bowel obstruction due to an intraabdominal tumor. Laparotomy revealed an intestinal volvulus with a soft and lobulated tumor arising from the mesentery. The resected tumor with a small part of the small bowel was diagnosed as lipoblastoma histologically. From a literature review, mesenteric lipoblastoma with an intestinal volvulus showed different characteristics such as greater frequency of vomiting and less frequency of abdominal mass as clinical symptoms, and the size of the tumor was smaller than that of the tumor without the intestinal volvulus.
28034384	0	10	Mesenteric	T029	C0025474
28034384	11	23	lipoblastoma	T191	C1260965
28034384	40	65	small intestinal volvulus	T047	C0042961
28034384	72	78	infant	T100	C0021270
28034384	82	93	case report	T170	C0085973
28034384	98	115	literature review	T170	C0282441
28034384	118	128	1-year-old	T100	C0920381
28034384	129	132	boy	T100	C0870221
28034384	152	160	disorder	T047	C0012634
28034384	176	196	non-bilious vomiting	T033	C0232599
28034384	217	226	admission	T058	C0184666
28034384	251	259	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28034384	268	277	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28034384	285	308	small bowel obstruction	T047	C0235329
28034384	319	339	intraabdominal tumor	T191	C0206646
28034384	341	351	Laparotomy	T061	C0023038
28034384	364	383	intestinal volvulus	T047	C0042961
28034384	391	395	soft	T191	C0037579
28034384	400	415	lobulated tumor	T191	C0027651
28034384	433	442	mesentery	T029	C0025474
28034384	448	456	resected	T080	C1521996
28034384	457	462	tumor	T191	C0027651
28034384	488	499	small bowel	T023	C0021852
28034384	504	513	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28034384	517	529	lipoblastoma	T191	C1260965
28034384	530	544	histologically	T169	C0205462
28034384	553	570	literature review	T170	C0282441
28034384	572	582	mesenteric	T029	C0025474
28034384	583	595	lipoblastoma	T191	C1260965
28034384	604	623	intestinal volvulus	T047	C0042961
28034384	641	656	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28034384	665	672	greater	T081	C1704243
28034384	673	694	frequency of vomiting	T033	C1821221
28034384	704	713	frequency	T079	C0439603
28034384	717	731	abdominal mass	T033	C0000734
28034384	735	743	clinical	T080	C0205210
28034384	744	752	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28034384	762	779	size of the tumor	T082	C0475440
28034384	809	814	tumor	T191	C0027651
28034384	815	822	without	T080	C0332288
28034384	827	846	intestinal volvulus	T047	C0042961

28034730|t|Association between postpartum depression and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in the first three months of life
28034730|a|To investigate the association between postpartum depression and the occurrence of exclusive breastfeeding. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the states of the Northeast region, during the vaccination campaign in 2010. The sample consisted of 2583 mother - child pairs, with children aged from 15 days to 3 months. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to screen for postpartum depression. The outcome was lack of exclusive breastfeeding, defined as the occurrence of this practice in the 24h preceding the interview. Postpartum depression was the explanatory variable of interest and the covariates were: socioeconomic and demographic conditions; maternal health care; prenatal, delivery, and postnatal care; and the child's biological factors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to control for possible confounding factors. Exclusive breastfeeding was observed in 50.8% of the infants and 11.8% of women had symptoms of postpartum depression. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, a higher chance of exclusive breastfeeding absence was found among mothers with symptoms of postpartum depression (OR=1.67; p<0.001), among younger subjects (OR=1.89; p<0.001), those who reported receiving benefits from the Bolsa Família Program (OR=1.25; p=0.016), and those started antenatal care later during pregnancy (OR=2.14; p=0.032). Postpartum depression contributed to reducing the practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, this disorder should be included in the prenatal and early postpartum support guidelines for breastfeeding, especially in low socioeconomic status women.
28034730	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28034730	20	41	postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
28034730	50	58	practice	T041	C0032893
28034730	62	85	exclusive breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28034730	105	111	months	T079	C0439231
28034730	115	119	life	T078	C0376558
28034730	123	134	investigate	T169	C1292732
28034730	139	150	association	T080	C0439849
28034730	159	180	postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
28034730	189	199	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28034730	203	226	exclusive breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28034730	238	259	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28034730	277	283	states	T083	C1301808
28034730	291	307	Northeast region	T083	C0017446
28034730	320	340	vaccination campaign	T058	C4279933
28034730	379	385	mother	T099	C0026591
28034730	388	393	child	T100	C0008059
28034730	394	399	pairs	T080	C1709450
28034730	406	414	children	T100	C0008059
28034730	415	419	aged	T032	C0001779
28034730	428	432	days	T079	C0439228
28034730	438	444	months	T079	C0439231
28034730	450	486	Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale	T170	C0451144
28034730	499	505	screen	T058	C0220908
28034730	510	531	postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
28034730	537	544	outcome	T169	C1274040
28034730	549	553	lack	T080	C0332268
28034730	557	580	exclusive breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28034730	597	607	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28034730	616	624	practice	T078	C1254370
28034730	636	645	preceding	T079	C0332152
28034730	650	659	interview	T052	C0021822
28034730	661	682	Postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
28034730	691	711	explanatory variable	UnknownType	C0681885
28034730	732	742	covariates	UnknownType	C0814913
28034730	749	762	socioeconomic	T102	C0037464
28034730	767	789	demographic conditions	T078	C0011292
28034730	791	811	maternal health care	T058	C0024922
28034730	813	821	prenatal	T058	C0033052
28034730	823	831	delivery	T061	C0011209
28034730	837	851	postnatal care	T058	C0032782
28034730	861	887	child's biological factors	T080	C0205556
28034730	889	930	Multivariate logistic regression analysis	T081	C0026777
28034730	969	988	confounding factors	T169	C0009673
28034730	990	1013	Exclusive breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28034730	1018	1026	observed	T169	C1441672
28034730	1043	1050	infants	T100	C0021270
28034730	1064	1069	women	T098	C0043210
28034730	1074	1082	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28034730	1086	1107	postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
28034730	1116	1157	multivariate logistic regression analysis	T081	C0026777
28034730	1178	1201	exclusive breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28034730	1202	1209	absence	T169	C0332197
28034730	1226	1233	mothers	T099	C0026591
28034730	1239	1247	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28034730	1251	1272	postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
28034730	1299	1315	younger subjects	T098	C2349001
28034730	1365	1373	benefits	T081	C0814225
28034730	1383	1404	Bolsa Família Program	UnknownType	C0681136
28034730	1443	1457	antenatal care	T058	C0033052
28034730	1471	1480	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28034730	1501	1522	Postpartum depression	T048	C0221074
28034730	1538	1546	reducing	T080	C0392756
28034730	1551	1559	practice	T078	C1254370
28034730	1563	1586	exclusive breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28034730	1604	1612	disorder	T047	C0012634
28034730	1639	1647	prenatal	T058	C0033052
28034730	1652	1668	early postpartum	T079	C0233066
28034730	1669	1687	support guidelines	T170	C0282451
28034730	1692	1705	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28034730	1721	1745	low socioeconomic status	T081	C1328812
28034730	1746	1751	women	T098	C0043210

28035391|t|Safety and toxicology of the intravenous administration of Ang2 �€‘ siRNA plasmid chitosan magnetic nanoparticles
28035391|a|This aim of the present study was to investigate the safety and toxicology of intravenous administration of angiopoietin�€‘2 (Ang2)�€‘ small interfering (si)RNA plasmid �€‘ chitosan magnetic nanoparticles (CMNPs). Ang2 �€‘ CMNPs were constructed and subsequently administered at different doses to mice and rats via the tail vein. The acute (in mice) and chronic toxicity (in rats) were observed. The results of the acute toxicity assay revealed that the LD50 mice was >707.0 mg·kg�€‘1·d�€‘1, and the general condition of mice revealed no obvious abnormalities. With the exception of the high dose group (254.6 mg·kg�€‘1·d�€‘1), which exhibited partial lung congestion, the other groups exhibited no obvious abnormalities. Results of the chronic toxicity assay demonstrated that the non�€‘toxic dose of Ang2 �€‘ CMNPs in the rat was >35.35 mg·kg�€‘1·d�€‘1 for 14 days. The rat general condition and blood biochemistry indexes revealed no obvious abnormality. The blood routine indexes and lung/body ratio of each treatment group were higher when compared with the control group. The middle�€‘ and high�€‘dose groups exhibited chronic pulmonary congestion, whilst the low�€‘dose and control groups exhibited no abnormality. Similarly, the other organs revealed no obvious abnormality. Ang2 �€‘ CMNPs have good safety at a certain dose range and may be considered as the target drug carrier.
28035391	0	6	Safety	T080	C0205556
28035391	11	21	toxicology	T091	C0040541
28035391	29	55	intravenous administration	T082	C0013125
28035391	59	63	Ang2	T116,T121	C0540511
28035391	68	73	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28035391	74	81	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28035391	82	90	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28035391	91	113	magnetic nanoparticles	T130	C2713587
28035391	138	143	study	T062	C2603343
28035391	151	162	investigate	T169	C1292732
28035391	167	173	safety	T080	C0205556
28035391	178	188	toxicology	T091	C0040541
28035391	192	218	intravenous administration	T082	C0013125
28035391	222	238	angiopoietin�€‘2	T116,T121	C0540511
28035391	240	244	Ang2	T116,T121	C0540511
28035391	249	274	small interfering (si)RNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28035391	275	282	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28035391	287	295	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28035391	296	318	magnetic nanoparticles	T130	C2713587
28035391	320	325	CMNPs	T130	C2713587
28035391	328	332	Ang2	T116,T121	C0540511
28035391	337	342	CMNPs	T130	C2713587
28035391	377	389	administered	T169	C1521801
28035391	393	402	different	T080	C1705242
28035391	403	408	doses	T081	C0178602
28035391	412	416	mice	T015	C0025929
28035391	421	425	rats	T015	C0034693
28035391	434	443	tail vein	T023	C2985205
28035391	449	454	acute	T079	C0205178
28035391	459	463	mice	T015	C0025929
28035391	469	476	chronic	T079	C0205191
28035391	477	485	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28035391	490	494	rats	T015	C0034693
28035391	501	509	observed	T169	C1441672
28035391	515	522	results	T169	C1274040
28035391	530	535	acute	T079	C0205178
28035391	536	550	toxicity assay	T059	C0022885
28035391	551	559	revealed	T080	C0443289
28035391	569	573	LD50	T081	C0023378
28035391	574	578	mice	T015	C0025929
28035391	615	632	general condition	T033	C1142435
28035391	636	640	mice	T015	C0025929
28035391	641	649	revealed	T080	C0443289
28035391	650	674	no obvious abnormalities	T033	C3809765
28035391	702	711	high dose	T081	C0444956
28035391	712	717	group	T078	C0441833
28035391	749	758	exhibited	T080	C0443289
28035391	759	782	partial lung congestion	T047	C0242073
28035391	794	800	groups	T078	C0441833
28035391	801	810	exhibited	T080	C0443289
28035391	811	835	no obvious abnormalities	T033	C3809765
28035391	852	859	chronic	T079	C0205191
28035391	860	874	toxicity assay	T059	C0022885
28035391	897	908	non�€‘toxic	T080	C1518413
28035391	909	913	dose	T081	C0178602
28035391	917	921	Ang2	T116,T121	C0540511
28035391	926	931	CMNPs	T130	C2713587
28035391	939	942	rat	T015	C0034693
28035391	977	981	days	T079	C0439228
28035391	987	990	rat	T015	C0034693
28035391	991	1008	general condition	T033	C1142435
28035391	1013	1039	blood biochemistry indexes	T059	C1655775
28035391	1040	1048	revealed	T080	C0443289
28035391	1049	1071	no obvious abnormality	T033	C3809765
28035391	1077	1098	blood routine indexes	T059	C0022885
28035391	1103	1118	lung/body ratio	T059	C1261161
28035391	1127	1136	treatment	T169	C1522326
28035391	1137	1142	group	T078	C0441833
28035391	1148	1154	higher	T080	C0205250
28035391	1160	1168	compared	T052	C1707455
28035391	1178	1191	control group	T096	C0009932
28035391	1211	1222	high�€‘dose	T081	C0444956
28035391	1223	1229	groups	T078	C0441833
28035391	1240	1247	chronic	T079	C0205191
28035391	1248	1268	pulmonary congestion	T047	C0242073
28035391	1281	1291	low�€‘dose	T081	C0445550
28035391	1296	1310	control groups	T096	C0009932
28035391	1311	1320	exhibited	T080	C0443289
28035391	1321	1335	no abnormality	T033	C3809765
28035391	1358	1364	organs	T023	C0003055
28035391	1365	1373	revealed	T080	C0443289
28035391	1374	1396	no obvious abnormality	T033	C3809765
28035391	1398	1402	Ang2	T116,T121	C0540511
28035391	1407	1412	CMNPs	T130	C2713587
28035391	1423	1429	safety	T080	C0205556
28035391	1443	1447	dose	T081	C0178602
28035391	1448	1453	range	T081	C1514721
28035391	1465	1475	considered	T078	C0750591
28035391	1483	1489	target	T169	C1521840
28035391	1490	1502	drug carrier	T122	C0013161

28035480|t|A comparative study of glycerol and sorbitol as co-substrates in methanol - induced cultures of Pichia pastoris: temperature effect and scale-up simulation
28035480|a|The production of recombinant proteins by Pichia pastoris under AOX1 promoter is usually performed using methanol together with either glycerol or sorbitol as co-substrate. Although both co-substrates have been widely used, comparative studies are scarce. In addition, these comparisons have been performed at different specific growth rate (µ) that it is well known that has an important effect on productivity. Thus, the effect of using these co-substrates on the production of Rhyzopus oryzae lipase (ROL) by P. pastoris was compared in continuous cultures growing at the same µ at either 22 or 30 °C. Results show that using glycerol as co-substrate led to higher volumetric productivities, and lower specific and volumetric methanol consumption rates. Scale-up simulation with 10-10,000 L bioreactor sizes indicated that glycerol produced the highest volumetric productivity of ROL with lower aeration requirements. Therefore, glycerol rises as a better option than sorbitol in ROL production.
28035480	2	19	comparative study	T062	C1579762
28035480	23	31	glycerol	T109,T121,T123	C0017861
28035480	36	44	sorbitol	T109,T121	C0037688
28035480	48	61	co-substrates	T167	C3891814
28035480	65	73	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
28035480	76	83	induced	T169	C0205263
28035480	84	92	cultures	T059	C0200954
28035480	96	111	Pichia pastoris	T004	C0997362
28035480	113	131	temperature effect	T070	C0871499
28035480	136	155	scale-up simulation	T062	C0679083
28035480	174	194	recombinant proteins	T116	C0034861
28035480	198	213	Pichia pastoris	T004	C0997362
28035480	220	224	AOX1	T028	C1412433
28035480	225	233	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28035480	261	269	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
28035480	291	299	glycerol	T109,T121,T123	C0017861
28035480	303	311	sorbitol	T109,T121	C0037688
28035480	315	327	co-substrate	T167	C3891814
28035480	343	356	co-substrates	T167	C3891814
28035480	380	399	comparative studies	T062	C1579762
28035480	431	442	comparisons	T052	C1707455
28035480	466	475	different	T080	C1705242
28035480	476	484	specific	T080	C0205369
28035480	485	496	growth rate	T079	C0449249
28035480	498	499	µ	T079	C0449249
28035480	545	551	effect	T080	C1280500
28035480	555	567	productivity	T081	C0033269
28035480	579	588	effect of	T080	C1704420
28035480	601	614	co-substrates	T167	C3891814
28035480	636	651	Rhyzopus oryzae	T004	C0319508
28035480	652	658	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
28035480	660	663	ROL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
28035480	668	679	P. pastoris	T004	C0997362
28035480	696	706	continuous	T078	C0549178
28035480	707	715	cultures	T059	C0200954
28035480	716	723	growing	T169	C0205245
28035480	736	737	µ	T079	C0449249
28035480	785	793	glycerol	T109,T121,T123	C0017861
28035480	797	809	co-substrate	T167	C3891814
28035480	817	823	higher	T080	C0205250
28035480	824	834	volumetric	T082	C0445383
28035480	835	849	productivities	T081	C0033269
28035480	855	860	lower	T080	C0205251
28035480	861	869	specific	T080	C0205369
28035480	874	884	volumetric	T082	C0445383
28035480	885	893	methanol	T109,T131	C0001963
28035480	894	911	consumption rates	T081	C0392762
28035480	913	932	Scale-up simulation	T062	C0679083
28035480	950	960	bioreactor	T074	C0376432
28035480	961	966	sizes	T082	C0456389
28035480	982	990	glycerol	T109,T121,T123	C0017861
28035480	991	999	produced	T169	C0205245
28035480	1004	1011	highest	T080	C1522410
28035480	1012	1022	volumetric	T082	C0445383
28035480	1023	1035	productivity	T081	C0033269
28035480	1039	1042	ROL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
28035480	1048	1053	lower	T080	C0205251
28035480	1054	1062	aeration	T061	C2215609
28035480	1063	1075	requirements	T169	C1514873
28035480	1088	1096	glycerol	T109,T121,T123	C0017861
28035480	1127	1135	sorbitol	T109,T121	C0037688
28035480	1139	1142	ROL	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
28035480	1143	1153	production	T057	C0033268

28035661|t|Evidence of toothpick groove formation in Neandertal anterior and posterior teeth
28035661|a|During the microscopic examination of the Neandertal dentitions from El Sidrón (Spain) and Hortus (France), we found unusual fine parallel microstriations on the mesial and distal sides of all tooth types, near the cervix. As its appearance was similar to toothpick grooves described in other Homo species, it could correspond to early stages on its formation. To test this hypothesis we developed an experimental replication of a groove using grass stalks. Comparisons between 204 isolated Neandertal teeth and the two experimental dental specimens corroborate that the marks correspond to initial stages of toothpick groove formation, and we propose a five-grade recording scale that summarized the groove formation process. Using this new recording procedure, we found that Hortus individuals have higher incidence of this trait (eight individuals out of nine) than the El Sidrón individuals (nine out of 11). Toothpick grooves from El Sidrón show the earliest stages of development, whereas the grooves found on Hortus Neandertals were well-developed. Toothpick grooves were also found in 21 incisors and canines. These differences could be due to the more advanced occlusal dental wear in Hortus individuals, maybe age -related and with a more meat -based diet maybe favoring the inclusion of food debris and thus probing as the cleaning methodology. Our results allow the identification and characterization of incipient toothpick grooves on the human fossil record and contribute to increase our knowledge on Neandertals behavioral and oral care habits.
28035661	0	11	Evidence of	T169	C0332120
28035661	12	21	toothpick	T073	C3273359
28035661	22	28	groove	T030	C1184482
28035661	29	38	formation	T169	C1522492
28035661	42	52	Neandertal	T015	C3178755
28035661	53	61	anterior	T082	C0205094
28035661	66	75	posterior	T082	C0205095
28035661	76	81	teeth	T023	C0040426
28035661	93	116	microscopic examination	T059	C0026018
28035661	124	134	Neandertal	T015	C3178755
28035661	135	145	dentitions	T023	C0011443
28035661	151	160	El Sidrón	T083	C0017446
28035661	162	167	Spain	T083	C0037747
28035661	173	179	Hortus	T083	C0017446
28035661	181	187	France	T083	C0016674
28035661	199	206	unusual	T080	C2700116
28035661	221	236	microstriations	T070	C1254365
28035661	244	250	mesial	T029	C1708982
28035661	255	267	distal sides	T082	C0205108
28035661	275	280	tooth	T023	C0040426
28035661	297	303	cervix	T029	C0446455
28035661	327	334	similar	T080	C2348205
28035661	338	347	toothpick	T073	C3273359
28035661	348	355	grooves	T030	C1184482
28035661	375	387	Homo species	T015	C1300203
28035661	412	424	early stages	T079	C2363430
28035661	432	441	formation	T169	C1522492
28035661	483	507	experimental replication	T062	C0237832
28035661	513	519	groove	T030	C1184482
28035661	526	531	grass	T002	C0018210
28035661	532	538	stalks	T002	C2700372
28035661	540	551	Comparisons	T052	C1707455
28035661	564	572	isolated	T169	C0205409
28035661	573	583	Neandertal	T015	C3178755
28035661	584	589	teeth	T023	C0040426
28035661	602	614	experimental	T080	C1517586
28035661	615	621	dental	T080	C0226984
28035661	622	631	specimens	T167	C0370003
28035661	653	658	marks	T184	C0037088
28035661	673	687	initial stages	T079	C2363430
28035661	691	700	toothpick	T073	C3273359
28035661	701	707	groove	T030	C1184482
28035661	708	717	formation	T169	C1522492
28035661	736	762	five-grade recording scale	T170	C0349674
28035661	783	789	groove	T030	C1184482
28035661	790	807	formation process	T169	C1522492
28035661	859	865	Hortus	T083	C0017446
28035661	866	877	individuals	T098	C0027361
28035661	890	899	incidence	T081	C0021149
28035661	921	932	individuals	T098	C0027361
28035661	955	964	El Sidrón	T083	C0017446
28035661	965	976	individuals	T098	C0027361
28035661	995	1004	Toothpick	T073	C3273359
28035661	1005	1012	grooves	T030	C1184482
28035661	1018	1027	El Sidrón	T083	C0017446
28035661	1037	1052	earliest stages	T079	C2363430
28035661	1056	1067	development	T169	C1527148
28035661	1081	1088	grooves	T030	C1184482
28035661	1098	1104	Hortus	T083	C0017446
28035661	1105	1116	Neandertals	T015	C3178755
28035661	1122	1136	well-developed	T080	C0205556
28035661	1138	1147	Toothpick	T073	C3273359
28035661	1148	1155	grooves	T030	C1184482
28035661	1178	1186	incisors	T023	C0021156
28035661	1191	1198	canines	T023	C0010482
28035661	1206	1217	differences	T080	C1705242
28035661	1252	1260	occlusal	T029	C0447303
28035661	1261	1272	dental wear	T037	C2717979
28035661	1276	1282	Hortus	T083	C0017446
28035661	1283	1294	individuals	T098	C0027361
28035661	1302	1305	age	T032	C0001779
28035661	1331	1335	meat	T168	C0025017
28035661	1343	1347	diet	T168	C0012155
28035661	1380	1384	food	T168	C0016452
28035661	1385	1391	debris	T167	C0440266
28035661	1401	1408	probing	T169	C0449851
28035661	1416	1436	cleaning methodology	T052	C1947930
28035661	1460	1474	identification	T080	C0205396
28035661	1479	1495	characterization	T052	C1880022
28035661	1499	1508	incipient	T079	C0205256
28035661	1509	1518	toothpick	T073	C3273359
28035661	1519	1526	grooves	T030	C1184482
28035661	1534	1539	human	T016	C0086418
28035661	1540	1546	fossil	T167	C0016614
28035661	1547	1553	record	T170	C0034869
28035661	1558	1568	contribute	T052	C1880177
28035661	1572	1580	increase	T169	C0442805
28035661	1585	1594	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28035661	1598	1609	Neandertals	T015	C3178755
28035661	1610	1620	behavioral	T055	C0018464
28035661	1625	1641	oral care habits	T033	C0424439

28035718|t|THSD7A expression in human cancer
28035718|a|We recently described a case of a Thrombospondin Type-1 Domain containing 7A (THSD7A) associated membranous nephropathy in a female patient who was synchronously suffering from a THSD7A - positive malignancy. We here investigated the role of THSD7A as a new potential tumor antigen by evaluating over 20 000 tissue spots in more than 70 different tumor entities by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays. THSD7A expression was highly variable in different neoplasias with differing staining patterns. Both gain and loss of THSD7A expression compared to expression status in non-tumor tissue were linked to tumor-specific markers in the different tumor entities and were of prognostic value. The potential role of THSD7A in tumor development and therapy needs further investigation.
28035718	0	6	THSD7A	T116,T123	C2745341
28035718	7	17	expression	T045	C1171362
28035718	21	26	human	T016	C0086418
28035718	27	33	cancer	T191	C0006826
28035718	68	110	Thrombospondin Type-1 Domain containing 7A	T116,T123	C2745341
28035718	112	118	THSD7A	T116,T123	C2745341
28035718	131	153	membranous nephropathy	T047	C4054536
28035718	159	173	female patient	T032	C0150905
28035718	182	195	synchronously	T079	C0439580
28035718	196	205	suffering	T184	C0751408
28035718	213	219	THSD7A	T116,T123	C2745341
28035718	222	230	positive	T033	C1514241
28035718	231	241	malignancy	T080	C0205282
28035718	276	282	THSD7A	T116,T123	C2745341
28035718	302	315	tumor antigen	T116,T129	C0041361
28035718	342	354	tissue spots	T024	C2316370
28035718	381	395	tumor entities	T033	C1276705
28035718	399	419	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28035718	426	444	tissue microarrays	T075	C1519522
28035718	446	452	THSD7A	T116,T123	C2745341
28035718	453	463	expression	T045	C1171362
28035718	487	507	different neoplasias	T191	C0027651
28035718	523	540	staining patterns	T082	C0449778
28035718	547	560	gain and loss	T033	C0243095
28035718	564	570	THSD7A	T116,T123	C2745341
28035718	571	581	expression	T045	C1171362
28035718	594	611	expression status	T045	C1171362
28035718	615	631	non-tumor tissue	T024	C0040300
28035718	647	669	tumor-specific markers	T123	C0041365
28035718	687	701	tumor entities	T033	C1276705
28035718	714	730	prognostic value	T081	C0449821
28035718	754	760	THSD7A	T116,T123	C2745341
28035718	764	781	tumor development	T033	C1850355
28035718	786	793	therapy	T061	C4087167

28036301|t|ITPR3 gene haplotype is associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma risk in Taiwanese women
28036301|a|Host immunogenetic background plays an important role in human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer development. Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 3 (ITPR3) is essential for both immune activation and cancer pathogenesis. We aim to investigate if ITPR3 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the risk of cervical cancer in Taiwanese women. ITPR3 rs3748079 A/G and rs2229634 C/T polymorphisms were genotyped in a hospital-based study of 462 women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) and 921 age-matched healthy control women. The presence and genotypes of HPV in CSCC was determined. No significant association of individual ITPR3 variants were found among controls, CSCC, and HPV-16 positive CSCC. However, we found a significant association of haplotype AT between CSCC and controls (OR = 2.28, 95% CI 1.31-3.97, P = 2.83 × 10-3) and the OR increased further in CSCC patients infected with HPV-16 (OR = 2.89, 95% CI 1.55-5.37, P = 4.54 × 10-4). The linkage disequilibrium analysis demonstrated that ITPR3 association with CSCC was independent of HLA-DRB1 alleles. In conclusion, these findings suggest that AT haplotype in the ITPR3 gene may serve as a potential marker for genetic susceptibility to CSCC.
28036301	0	10	ITPR3 gene	T028	C1416519
28036301	11	20	haplotype	T032	C0018591
28036301	40	72	cervical squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0279671
28036301	73	77	risk	T078	C0035647
28036301	81	90	Taiwanese	T098	C1556096
28036301	91	96	women	T098	C0043210
28036301	97	115	Host immunogenetic	T091	C0021005
28036301	154	190	human papillomavirus (HPV) infection	T047	C0343641
28036301	195	222	cervical cancer development	T191	C1516170
28036301	224	267	Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 3	T028	C1416519
28036301	269	274	ITPR3	T028	C1416519
28036301	298	315	immune activation	T043	C1155000
28036301	320	326	cancer	T191	C0006826
28036301	327	339	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28036301	366	371	ITPR3	T028	C1416519
28036301	372	393	genetic polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
28036301	418	441	risk of cervical cancer	T081	C0596244
28036301	445	454	Taiwanese	T098	C1556096
28036301	455	460	women	T098	C0043210
28036301	462	467	ITPR3	T028	C1416519
28036301	468	481	rs3748079 A/G	T086	C0752046
28036301	486	513	rs2229634 C/T polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28036301	519	528	genotyped	T032	C0017431
28036301	534	554	hospital-based study	T062	C2603343
28036301	562	567	women	T098	C0043210
28036301	573	605	cervical squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0279671
28036301	607	611	CSCC	T191	C0279671
28036301	633	648	healthy control	T080	C2986479
28036301	649	654	women	T098	C0043210
28036301	673	682	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28036301	686	689	HPV	T005	C0021344
28036301	693	697	CSCC	T191	C0279671
28036301	755	760	ITPR3	T028	C1416519
28036301	761	769	variants	T028	C0678941
28036301	797	801	CSCC	T191	C0279671
28036301	807	822	HPV-16 positive	T034	C4288937
28036301	823	827	CSCC	T191	C0279671
28036301	876	888	haplotype AT	T032	C0018591
28036301	897	901	CSCC	T191	C0279671
28036301	916	918	OR	T081	C0028873
28036301	931	933	CI	T081	C0009667
28036301	970	972	OR	T081	C0028873
28036301	994	998	CSCC	T191	C0279671
28036301	999	1016	patients infected	T101	C0030705
28036301	1022	1028	HPV-16	T005	C0999806
28036301	1030	1032	OR	T081	C0028873
28036301	1045	1047	CI	T081	C0009667
28036301	1081	1112	linkage disequilibrium analysis	T063	C1517888
28036301	1131	1136	ITPR3	T028	C1416519
28036301	1137	1148	association	T063	C2717881
28036301	1154	1158	CSCC	T191	C0279671
28036301	1178	1186	HLA-DRB1	T028	C1415576
28036301	1187	1194	alleles	T028	C0002085
28036301	1239	1251	AT haplotype	T032	C0018591
28036301	1259	1269	ITPR3 gene	T028	C1416519
28036301	1285	1301	potential marker	T045	C0017393
28036301	1306	1328	genetic susceptibility	T032	C0314657
28036301	1332	1336	CSCC	T191	C0279671

28038326|t|Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel series of macrocyclic inhibitors of norovirus 3CL protease
28038326|a|Norovirus infections have a major impact on public health worldwide, yet there is a current dearth of norovirus - specific therapeutics and prophylactics. This report describes the discovery of a novel class of macrocyclic inhibitors of norovirus 3C-like protease, a cysteine protease that is essential for virus replication. SAR, structural, and biochemical studies were carried out to ascertain the effect of structure on pharmacological activity and permeability. Insights gained from these studies have laid a solid foundation for capitalizing on the therapeutic potential of the series of inhibitors described herein.
28038326	0	6	Design	T090	C0013171
28038326	8	17	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28038326	23	33	evaluation	T062	C0013175
28038326	45	51	series	T081	C0205549
28038326	55	66	macrocyclic	T109	C1449665
28038326	67	77	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28038326	81	90	norovirus	T005	C0949920
28038326	91	103	3CL protease	T116,T126	C2717970
28038326	104	124	Norovirus infections	T047	C3534585
28038326	138	144	impact	T080	C4049986
28038326	148	161	public health	T170	C3244304
28038326	206	215	norovirus	T005	C0949920
28038326	218	226	specific	T080	C0205369
28038326	227	239	therapeutics	T061	C0087111
28038326	244	257	prophylactics	T061	C0199176
28038326	264	270	report	T170	C0684224
28038326	285	294	discovery	T052	C1880355
28038326	315	326	macrocyclic	T109	C1449665
28038326	327	337	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28038326	341	350	norovirus	T005	C0949920
28038326	351	367	3C-like protease	T116,T126	C2717970
28038326	371	388	cysteine protease	T116,T126	C2717970
28038326	397	406	essential	T080	C0205224
28038326	411	428	virus replication	T043	C0042774
28038326	430	433	SAR	T080	C0038477
28038326	435	445	structural	T061	C0204514
28038326	451	470	biochemical studies	T059	C0850997
28038326	505	511	effect	T080	C1280500
28038326	515	524	structure	T082	C0678594
28038326	528	552	pharmacological activity	T038	C0007992
28038326	557	569	permeability	T070	C0031164
28038326	598	605	studies	T062	C0008972
28038326	659	680	therapeutic potential	T169	C0039798
28038326	688	694	series	T081	C0205549
28038326	698	708	inhibitors	T120	C0243077

28039095|t|Quantitative in vivo assessment of bone microarchitecture in the human knee using HR-pQCT
28039095|a|High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is a novel imaging modality capable of visualizing bone microarchitecture in vivo at human peripheral sites such as the distal radius and distal tibia. This research has extended the technology to provide a non-invasive assessment of bone microarchitecture at the human knee by establishing new hardware, imaging protocols and data analysis. A custom leg holder was developed to stabilize a human knee centrally within a second generation HR-pQCT field of view. Five participants with anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions had their knee joint imaged in a continuous scan of 6cm axially. The nominal isotropic voxel size was 60.7μm. Bone mineral density and microarchitecture were assessed within the weight-bearing regions of medial and lateral compartments of the knee at three depths from the weight-bearing articular bone surface, including both the cortical and trabecular bone regions. Scan duration was approximately 18min per knee and produced 5GB of projection data and 10GB of reconstructed image data (2304×2304 image matrix, 1008 slices). Motion during the scan was minimized by the leg holder and was similar in magnitude as a scan of the distal tibia. Bone mineral density and microarchitectural parameters were assessed for 16 volumes of interest in the tibiofemoral joint. This is a new non-invasive in vivo assessment tool for bone microarchitecture in the human knee that provides an opportunity to gain insight into normal, injured and surgically reconstructed human knee bone architecture in cross-sectional or longitudinal studies.
28039095	0	12	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28039095	13	20	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28039095	21	31	assessment	T058	C0220825
28039095	35	39	bone	T023	C0262950
28039095	40	57	microarchitecture	T080	C0332437
28039095	65	70	human	T016	C0086418
28039095	71	75	knee	T023	C0022742
28039095	82	89	HR-pQCT	T060	C2022017
28039095	90	149	High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography	T060	C2022017
28039095	151	158	HR-pQCT	T060	C2022017
28039095	165	170	novel	T080	C0205314
28039095	171	187	imaging modality	T169	C1275506
28039095	199	210	visualizing	T060	C0178707
28039095	211	215	bone	T023	C0262950
28039095	216	233	microarchitecture	T080	C0332437
28039095	234	241	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28039095	245	250	human	T016	C0086418
28039095	251	267	peripheral sites	T023	C0229962
28039095	280	293	distal radius	T023	C0588207
28039095	298	310	distal tibia	T023	C0588200
28039095	317	325	research	T062	C0035168
28039095	343	353	technology	T090	C0039421
28039095	367	379	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28039095	380	390	assessment	T058	C0220825
28039095	394	398	bone	T023	C0262950
28039095	399	416	microarchitecture	T080	C0332437
28039095	424	429	human	T016	C0086418
28039095	430	434	knee	T023	C0022742
28039095	455	463	hardware	T073	C0009602
28039095	465	472	imaging	T060	C0011923
28039095	473	482	protocols	T170	C0442711
28039095	487	500	data analysis	T057	C0010992
28039095	504	521	custom leg holder	T074	C3881410
28039095	539	548	stabilize	T033	C0184512
28039095	551	556	human	T016	C0086418
28039095	557	561	knee	T023	C0022742
28039095	581	606	second generation HR-pQCT	T060	C2022017
28039095	627	639	participants	T098	C0679646
28039095	645	687	anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions	T061	C3178820
28039095	698	708	knee joint	T030	C0022745
28039095	709	715	imaged	T060	C0011923
28039095	721	731	continuous	T078	C0549178
28039095	732	736	scan	T060	C0441633
28039095	744	751	axially	T082	C0205131
28039095	757	785	nominal isotropic voxel size	T081	C2986839
28039095	798	818	Bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
28039095	823	840	microarchitecture	T080	C0332437
28039095	846	854	assessed	T052	C1516048
28039095	866	880	weight-bearing	T033	C0085086
28039095	881	888	regions	T029	C1282216
28039095	892	898	medial	T030	C0447799
28039095	903	935	lateral compartments of the knee	T030	C0447800
28039095	961	975	weight-bearing	T033	C0085086
28039095	976	998	articular bone surface	T029	C0222679
28039095	1019	1027	cortical	T023	C0222652
28039095	1032	1047	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
28039095	1048	1055	regions	T029	C1282216
28039095	1057	1070	Scan duration	T079	C0449238
28039095	1099	1103	knee	T023	C0022742
28039095	1124	1139	projection data	T078	C1511726
28039095	1152	1176	reconstructed image data	T078	C1511726
28039095	1216	1222	Motion	T070	C0026597
28039095	1234	1238	scan	T060	C0441633
28039095	1260	1270	leg holder	T074	C3881410
28039095	1290	1299	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28039095	1305	1309	scan	T060	C0441633
28039095	1317	1329	distal tibia	T023	C0588200
28039095	1331	1351	Bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
28039095	1356	1385	microarchitectural parameters	T077	C0549193
28039095	1391	1399	assessed	T052	C1516048
28039095	1434	1452	tibiofemoral joint	T030	C0022745
28039095	1468	1480	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28039095	1481	1488	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28039095	1489	1504	assessment tool	T170	C1516602
28039095	1509	1513	bone	T023	C0262950
28039095	1514	1531	microarchitecture	T080	C0332437
28039095	1539	1544	human	T016	C0086418
28039095	1545	1549	knee	T023	C0022742
28039095	1608	1615	injured	T169	C0332664
28039095	1620	1655	surgically reconstructed human knee	T023	C0022742
28039095	1656	1660	bone	T023	C0262950
28039095	1661	1673	architecture	T080	C0332437
28039095	1677	1692	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
28039095	1696	1716	longitudinal studies	T062	C0023981

28039284|t|Defining categories of actionability for secondary findings in next-generation sequencing
28039284|a|Next-generation sequencing is increasingly used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of Mendelian diseases. Because of the high likelihood of secondary findings associated with this technique, the process of informing patients is beset with new challenges. One of them is regarding the type of secondary findings that ought to be disclosed to patients. The aim of this research is to propose a practical implementation of the notion of actionability, a common criteria justifying the disclosure of secondary findings but whose interpretation varies greatly among professionals. We distinguish three types of actionability corresponding to (1) well-established medical actions, (2) patient -initiated health-related actions and (3) life-plan decisions. We argue that actionability depends on the characteristics of the mutation or gene and on the values of patients. In discussing the return of secondary findings, it is important that the physician tries to get an impression of the specific situation and values of patients. Regarding variants of uncertain clinical significance in actionable genes, we found that different understandings of autonomy lead to different conclusions and that, for some of them, it may be legitimate to refrain from returning uncertain information.
28039284	9	19	categories	T170	C0683312
28039284	23	36	actionability	T052	C0441655
28039284	41	50	secondary	T080	C0175668
28039284	51	59	findings	T033	C0243095
28039284	63	89	next-generation sequencing	T059,T063	C0162801
28039284	90	116	Next-generation sequencing	T059,T063	C0162801
28039284	141	158	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
28039284	167	176	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28039284	180	198	Mendelian diseases	T047	C1285355
28039284	234	243	secondary	T080	C0175668
28039284	244	252	findings	T033	C0243095
28039284	274	283	technique	T169	C0449851
28039284	300	318	informing patients	T058	C0588446
28039284	386	395	secondary	T080	C0175668
28039284	396	404	findings	T033	C0243095
28039284	435	443	patients	T101	C0030705
28039284	461	469	research	T062	C0035168
28039284	496	510	implementation	T052	C1708476
28039284	528	541	actionability	T052	C0441655
28039284	576	586	disclosure	T055	C0012625
28039284	590	599	secondary	T080	C0175668
28039284	600	608	findings	T033	C0243095
28039284	619	633	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28039284	655	668	professionals	T097	C0679924
28039284	700	713	actionability	T052	C0441655
28039284	752	759	medical	T169	C0205476
28039284	760	767	actions	T052	C3266814
28039284	773	780	patient	T101	C0030705
28039284	792	814	health-related actions	T055	C0237121
28039284	823	842	life-plan decisions	T041	C0679006
28039284	858	871	actionability	T052	C0441655
28039284	910	918	mutation	T045	C0026882
28039284	922	926	gene	T028	C0017337
28039284	948	956	patients	T101	C0030705
28039284	986	995	secondary	T080	C0175668
28039284	996	1004	findings	T033	C0243095
28039284	1031	1040	physician	T097	C0031831
28039284	1057	1067	impression	T080	C1998467
28039284	1108	1116	patients	T101	C0030705
28039284	1128	1136	variants	T028	C0678941
28039284	1150	1171	clinical significance	T033	C2826293
28039284	1186	1191	genes	T028	C0017337
28039284	1235	1243	autonomy	T078	C0085862
28039284	1262	1273	conclusions	T078	C1707478
28039284	1359	1370	information	T078	C1533716

28039304|t|Allergen Valency, Dose, and FcεRI Occupancy Set Thresholds for Secretory Responses to Pen a 1 and Motivate Design of Hypoallergens
28039304|a|Ag -mediated crosslinking of IgE - FcεRI complexes activates mast cells and basophils, initiating the allergic response. Of 34 donors recruited having self-reported shrimp allergy, only 35% had significant levels of shrimp-specific IgE in serum and measurable basophil secretory responses to rPen a 1 (shrimp tropomyosin). We report that degranulation is linked to the number of FcεRI occupied with allergen-specific IgE, as well as the dose and valency of Pen a 1. Using clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat-based gene editing, human RBL(rαKO) cells were created that exclusively express the human FcεRIα subunit. Pen a 1 - specific IgE was affinity purified from shrimp - positive plasma. Cells primed with a range of Pen a 1 - specific IgE and challenged with Pen a 1 showed a bell-shaped dose response for secretion, with optimal Pen a 1 doses of 0.1-10 ng/ml. Mathematical modeling provided estimates of receptor aggregation kinetics based on FcεRI occupancy with IgE and allergen dose. Maximal degranulation was elicited when ∼2700 I gE - FcεRI complexes were occupied with specific IgE and challenged with Pen a 1 (IgE epitope valency of ≥8), although measurable responses were achieved when only a few hundred FcεRI were occupied. Prolonged periods of pepsin -mediated Pen a 1 proteolysis, which simulates gastric digestion, were required to diminish secretory responses. Recombinant fragments (60-79 aa), which together span the entire length of tropomyosin, were weak secretagogues. These fragments have reduced dimerization capacity, compete with intact Pen a 1 for binding to IgE - FcεRI complexes, and represent a starting point for the design of promising hypoallergens for immunotherapy.
28039304	0	8	Allergen	T129	C0002092
28039304	9	16	Valency	T081	C0392762
28039304	18	22	Dose	T081	C0178602
28039304	28	33	FcεRI	T116,T129,T192	C0162825
28039304	34	43	Occupancy	T080	C2827063
28039304	48	58	Thresholds	T080	C0449864
28039304	63	82	Secretory Responses	T043	C1327439
28039304	86	93	Pen a 1	T116,T123	C0531911
28039304	107	113	Design	T052	C1707689
28039304	117	130	Hypoallergens	T129	C0002092
28039304	131	133	Ag	T196	C0037125
28039304	144	156	crosslinking	T070	C0178576
28039304	160	163	IgE	T116,T129	C0020846
28039304	166	171	FcεRI	T116,T129,T192	C0162825
28039304	172	181	complexes	T116,T129	C0003313
28039304	192	202	mast cells	T025	C0024880
28039304	207	216	basophils	T025	C0004827
28039304	233	250	allergic response	T046	C1527304
28039304	282	295	self-reported	T062	C0681906
28039304	296	310	shrimp allergy	T046	C1628514
28039304	347	366	shrimp-specific IgE	T116,T129	C1270759
28039304	370	375	serum	T031	C0229671
28039304	391	399	basophil	T025	C0004827
28039304	400	409	secretory	T043	C1327616
28039304	410	419	responses	T038	C0003261
28039304	423	431	rPen a 1	T129	C2924509
28039304	433	439	shrimp	T204	C0037017
28039304	440	451	tropomyosin	T116,T123	C0041197
28039304	510	515	FcεRI	T116,T129,T192	C0162825
28039304	530	551	allergen-specific IgE	T116,T129	C0443736
28039304	568	572	dose	T081	C0178602
28039304	577	584	valency	T081	C0392762
28039304	588	595	Pen a 1	T116,T123	C0531911
28039304	603	672	clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat-based gene editing	T063	C4277689
28039304	744	750	FcεRIα	T116,T129,T192	C0162825
28039304	760	767	Pen a 1	T116,T123	C0531911
28039304	770	782	specific IgE	T116,T129	C0443736
28039304	810	816	shrimp	T204	C0037017
28039304	819	827	positive	T033	C1514241
28039304	828	834	plasma	T031	C0032105
28039304	865	872	Pen a 1	T116,T123	C0531911
28039304	875	887	specific IgE	T116,T129	C0443736
28039304	908	915	Pen a 1	T116,T123	C0531911
28039304	937	941	dose	T081	C0178602
28039304	942	964	response for secretion	T043	C3155125
28039304	979	986	Pen a 1	T116,T123	C0531911
28039304	987	992	doses	T081	C0178602
28039304	1010	1031	Mathematical modeling	T170	C0876936
28039304	1054	1074	receptor aggregation	T044	C0034780
28039304	1075	1083	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28039304	1093	1098	FcεRI	T116,T129,T192	C0162825
28039304	1114	1117	IgE	T116,T129	C0020846
28039304	1122	1130	allergen	T129	C0002092
28039304	1131	1135	dose	T081	C0178602
28039304	1185	1187	gE	T116,T129	C1270759
28039304	1190	1195	FcεRI	T116,T129,T192	C0162825
28039304	1196	1205	complexes	T116,T129	C0003313
28039304	1225	1237	specific IgE	T116,T129	C1270759
28039304	1258	1265	Pen a 1	T116,T123	C0531911
28039304	1267	1270	IgE	T116,T129	C1270759
28039304	1271	1278	epitope	T129	C0003316
28039304	1279	1286	valency	T081	C0392762
28039304	1363	1368	FcεRI	T116,T129,T192	C0162825
28039304	1405	1411	pepsin	T116,T121,T126	C0030909
28039304	1422	1429	Pen a 1	T116,T123	C0531911
28039304	1430	1441	proteolysis	T044	C0597304
28039304	1459	1466	gastric	T080	C1704242
28039304	1467	1476	digestion	T040	C0012238
28039304	1504	1523	secretory responses	T043	C1327439
28039304	1525	1546	Recombinant fragments	T116	C0599286
28039304	1600	1611	tropomyosin	T116,T123	C0041197
28039304	1667	1679	dimerization	T044	C1323329
28039304	1680	1688	capacity	T081	C1516240
28039304	1710	1717	Pen a 1	T116,T123	C0531911
28039304	1733	1736	IgE	T116,T129	C1270759
28039304	1739	1744	FcεRI	T116,T129,T192	C0162825
28039304	1745	1754	complexes	T116,T129	C0003313
28039304	1815	1828	hypoallergens	T129	C0002092
28039304	1833	1846	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083

28039389|t|Low efficacy of albendazole against Trichuris trichiura infection in schoolchildren from Port Elizabeth, South Africa
28039389|a|Albendazole is one of two standard drugs for the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis. A total of 149 schoolchildren from Port Elizabeth, South Africa, were examined for soil-transmitted helminth infections using duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears before and 2 weeks after administration of albendazole (400 mg). Trichuris trichiura was the predominant soil-transmitted helminth species (prevalence 60.4%), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (47.7%). While albendazole was highly efficacious against A. lumbricoides (cure rate [CR] 97.2%; egg reduction rate [ERR] 94.3%), it lacked efficacy against T. trichiura (CR 1.1%; ERR 46.0%). Our study confirms low efficacy of single dose albendazole against T. trichiura. There is a need for safe and efficacious drugs against T. trichiura.
28039389	0	3	Low	T080	C0205251
28039389	4	12	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28039389	16	27	albendazole	T109,T121	C0001911
28039389	36	65	Trichuris trichiura infection	T047	C0040954
28039389	69	83	schoolchildren	T100	C0260267
28039389	89	103	Port Elizabeth	UnknownType	C0681784
28039389	105	117	South Africa	T083	C0037712
28039389	118	129	Albendazole	T109,T121	C0001911
28039389	153	158	drugs	T121	C1254351
28039389	167	174	control	T169	C2587213
28039389	178	208	soil-transmitted helminthiasis	T047	C0018889
28039389	212	217	total	T080	C0439810
28039389	225	239	schoolchildren	T100	C0260267
28039389	245	259	Port Elizabeth	UnknownType	C0681784
28039389	261	273	South Africa	T083	C0037712
28039389	280	288	examined	T033	C0332128
28039389	293	329	soil-transmitted helminth infections	T047	C0018889
28039389	336	368	duplicate Kato-Katz thick smears	T059	C0022885
28039389	382	387	weeks	T079	C0439230
28039389	394	408	administration	T061	C1533734
28039389	412	423	albendazole	T109,T121	C0001911
28039389	434	453	Trichuris trichiura	T204	C0040913
28039389	462	473	predominant	T080	C1542147
28039389	474	507	soil-transmitted helminth species	T204	C0018893
28039389	509	519	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28039389	528	539	followed by	T079	C0332283
28039389	540	560	Ascaris lumbricoides	T204	C0003955
28039389	576	587	albendazole	T109,T121	C0001911
28039389	599	610	efficacious	T080	C1280519
28039389	619	634	A. lumbricoides	T204	C0003955
28039389	636	645	cure rate	T081	C1521828
28039389	647	649	CR	T081	C1521828
28039389	658	676	egg reduction rate	T081	C1521828
28039389	678	681	ERR	T081	C1521828
28039389	701	709	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28039389	718	730	T. trichiura	T204	C0040913
28039389	732	734	CR	T081	C1521828
28039389	741	744	ERR	T081	C1521828
28039389	757	762	study	T062	C2603343
28039389	772	775	low	T080	C0205251
28039389	776	784	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28039389	788	799	single dose	T081	C0178602
28039389	800	811	albendazole	T109,T121	C0001911
28039389	820	832	T. trichiura	T204	C0040913
28039389	863	874	efficacious	T080	C1280519
28039389	875	880	drugs	T121	C1254351
28039389	889	901	T. trichiura	T204	C0040913

28040133|t|Molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from chromosome 8 or r(8)(::p11.22→q11.21::) in an 18- year-old female with short stature, obesity, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and intellectual disability
28040133|a|We present molecular cytogenetic characterization of mosaicism for a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) derived from chromosome 8. An 18- year-old female presented with short stature, obesity, developmental delay, speech delay, dyslexia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and intellectual disability. Cytogenetic analysis of the peripheral blood revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[22]/46,XX[18]. Array comparative genomic hybridization and metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses were performed on the peripheral blood to determine the origin and mosaicism of the sSMC, and quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction was used to exclude uniparental disomy. Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis of the blood revealed a result of arr 8p11.22q11.21 (39,136,065-49,725,726)×2.80 (Log2 ratio =0.49), consistent with 70-80% mosaicism, encompassing 33 OMIM genes including GOLGA7, AGPAT6, NKX6-3, KAT6A, and FNTA. The sSMC(8) was r(8)(::p11.22→q11.21::). Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using the probes of RP11-754D24 (8p11.21) and RP11-769N21 (8q11.21) showed the sSMC(8) in 12/27 of cultured lymphocytes. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction analysis excluded uniparental disomy 8. Mosaic sSMC(8) derived from r(8)(::p11.22→q11.21::) can be associated with obesity, intellectual disability, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
28040133	0	38	Molecular cytogenetic characterization	T052	C1880022
28040133	42	51	mosaicism	T032	C0026578
28040133	58	95	small supernumerary marker chromosome	T026	C0008633
28040133	109	121	chromosome 8	T026	C0008671
28040133	125	148	r(8)(::p11.22→q11.21::)	T026	C0008671
28040133	159	167	year-old	T079	C1510829
28040133	168	174	female	T098	C0043210
28040133	180	193	short stature	T033	C0349588
28040133	195	202	obesity	T047	C0028754
28040133	204	244	attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
28040133	250	273	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
28040133	285	323	molecular cytogenetic characterization	T052	C1880022
28040133	327	336	mosaicism	T032	C0026578
28040133	343	380	small supernumerary marker chromosome	T026	C0008633
28040133	382	386	sSMC	T026	C0008633
28040133	401	413	chromosome 8	T026	C0008671
28040133	422	430	year-old	T079	C1510829
28040133	431	437	female	T098	C0043210
28040133	453	466	short stature	T033	C0349588
28040133	468	475	obesity	T047	C0028754
28040133	477	496	developmental delay	T048	C0424605
28040133	498	510	speech delay	T048	C0241210
28040133	512	520	dyslexia	T048	C0476254
28040133	522	562	attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
28040133	568	591	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
28040133	593	613	Cytogenetic analysis	T063	C0752095
28040133	621	637	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
28040133	649	686	karyotype of 47,XX,+mar[22]/46,XX[18]	T059	C1261273
28040133	688	727	Array comparative genomic hybridization	T063	C2931151
28040133	732	785	metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses	T063	C0162789
28040133	808	824	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
28040133	842	848	origin	T079	C0439659
28040133	853	862	mosaicism	T032	C0026578
28040133	870	874	sSMC	T026	C0008633
28040133	880	930	quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction	T059	C2733320
28040133	951	969	uniparental disomy	T049	C0949628
28040133	971	1019	Array comparative genomic hybridization analysis	T063	C2931151
28040133	1027	1032	blood	T031	C0005767
28040133	1044	1050	result	T169	C1274040
28040133	1102	1112	Log2 ratio	T081	C0392762
28040133	1121	1136	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28040133	1144	1153	mosaicism	T032	C0026578
28040133	1171	1181	OMIM genes	T028	C0017337
28040133	1192	1198	GOLGA7	T028	C1428422
28040133	1200	1206	AGPAT6	T028	C1826612
28040133	1208	1214	NKX6-3	T028	C1826430
28040133	1216	1221	KAT6A	T028	C1421709
28040133	1227	1231	FNTA	T028	C1414655
28040133	1237	1244	sSMC(8)	T026	C0008671
28040133	1249	1272	r(8)(::p11.22→q11.21::)	T026	C0008671
28040133	1274	1327	Metaphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis	T063	C0162789
28040133	1338	1344	probes	T114,T130	C0008599
28040133	1348	1359	RP11-754D24	T026	C1521695
28040133	1361	1368	8p11.21	T026	C1521695
28040133	1374	1385	RP11-769N21	T026	C0243092
28040133	1387	1394	8q11.21	T026	C0243092
28040133	1407	1414	sSMC(8)	T026	C0008671
28040133	1427	1447	cultured lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
28040133	1449	1508	Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction analysis	T059	C2733320
28040133	1518	1538	uniparental disomy 8	T049	C2931670
28040133	1540	1554	Mosaic sSMC(8)	T026	C0008671
28040133	1568	1591	r(8)(::p11.22→q11.21::)	T026	C0008671
28040133	1599	1614	associated with	T080	C0332281
28040133	1615	1622	obesity	T047	C0028754
28040133	1624	1647	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
28040133	1653	1693	attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846

28040320|t|Semimembranosus tenosynovitis: Diagnosis and management of a commonly missed cause of posteromedial knee pain
28040320|a|In orthopedic and sports medicine literature there is minimal information regarding accurate diagnosis and the treatment options for tenosynovitis of the distal semimembranosus tendon. After reviewing the literature, the authors question both the etiology and treatment of this condition. Previous descriptions have associated the condition primarily with the endurance athlete but we have noted multiple cases in which this is a condition common to the 'sprinter' as well. There has been very little mention of this condition in recent literature but the most recent complete description of operative treatment for this condition recommends both tendon transfer and concomitant arthroscopy. We propose this condition is akin to De Quervain's tenosynovitis of the knee, with sensitive and specific signs on physical examination. We describe a case series of six cases (five patients), that underwent open surgical release for semimembranosus tenosynovitis. The anatomy and the treatment options for the condition are also discussed. At a follow-up period of 18-64months, all cases showed improvement in the Tegner activity score following surgical release. Diagnostic confusion can be decreased with more modern diagnostic imaging modalities than those described in the literature. The authors outline an alternative operative approach significantly decreasing surgical complexity and therefore post-operative morbidity. What is known about this subject: This is a rare condition and the surgical treatment is seldom performed. What this study adds to existing knowledge: We describe the technique for surgical decompression and reveal positive results at medium term follow-up.
28040320	0	15	Semimembranosus	T023	C0224452
28040320	16	29	tenosynovitis	T047	C0039520
28040320	31	40	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28040320	45	55	management	T057	C1273870
28040320	70	76	missed	T080	C1705492
28040320	77	82	cause	T169	C0015127
28040320	86	99	posteromedial	T082	C1179848
28040320	100	109	knee pain	T033	C0231749
28040320	113	123	orthopedic	T091	C0029355
28040320	128	134	sports	T056	C0038039
28040320	135	154	medicine literature	T078	C0025120
28040320	164	183	minimal information	T033	C4314752
28040320	194	202	accurate	T080	C0443131
28040320	203	212	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28040320	221	238	treatment options	T061	C0683525
28040320	243	256	tenosynovitis	T047	C0039520
28040320	264	270	distal	T082	C0205108
28040320	271	293	semimembranosus tendon	T023	C0448660
28040320	315	325	literature	T170	C0023866
28040320	331	347	authors question	T170	C1522634
28040320	357	365	etiology	T169	C1314792
28040320	370	379	treatment	T061	C0087111
28040320	388	397	condition	T080	C0348080
28040320	399	420	Previous descriptions	T170	C0678257
28040320	441	450	condition	T080	C0348080
28040320	470	479	endurance	T033	C0518031
28040320	480	487	athlete	T097	C0238703
28040320	515	520	cases	T169	C0868928
28040320	540	549	condition	T080	C0348080
28040320	627	636	condition	T080	C0348080
28040320	640	657	recent literature	T170	C0023866
28040320	687	698	description	T170	C0678257
28040320	702	711	operative	T079	C1882154
28040320	712	721	treatment	T061	C0087111
28040320	731	740	condition	T080	C0348080
28040320	757	772	tendon transfer	T061	C0039505
28040320	777	788	concomitant	T079	C0521115
28040320	789	800	arthroscopy	T060	C0003904
28040320	818	827	condition	T080	C0348080
28040320	839	866	De Quervain's tenosynovitis	T047	C0149870
28040320	874	878	knee	T023	C0022742
28040320	885	894	sensitive	T184	C0037088
28040320	899	913	specific signs	T184	C0037088
28040320	917	937	physical examination	T058	C0031809
28040320	972	977	cases	T169	C0868928
28040320	984	992	patients	T101	C0030705
28040320	1010	1023	open surgical	T061	C0543467
28040320	1024	1031	release	T169	C0391871
28040320	1036	1051	semimembranosus	T023	C0224452
28040320	1052	1065	tenosynovitis	T047	C0039520
28040320	1071	1078	anatomy	T080	C1384516
28040320	1087	1104	treatment options	T061	C0683525
28040320	1113	1122	condition	T080	C0348080
28040320	1217	1238	Tegner activity score	T170	C3850078
28040320	1267	1277	Diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28040320	1278	1287	confusion	T048	C0009676
28040320	1295	1304	decreased	T081	C0205216
28040320	1315	1332	modern diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28040320	1333	1351	imaging modalities	T169	C1275506
28040320	1380	1390	literature	T170	C0023866
28040320	1415	1426	alternative	T077	C1523987
28040320	1427	1445	operative approach	T079	C1882154
28040320	1460	1470	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28040320	1471	1479	surgical	T061	C0543467
28040320	1505	1519	post-operative	T033	C0241311
28040320	1520	1529	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28040320	1575	1579	rare	T080	C0522498
28040320	1580	1589	condition	T080	C0348080
28040320	1598	1606	surgical	T061	C0543467
28040320	1607	1616	treatment	T061	C0087111
28040320	1620	1626	seldom	T080	C0522498
28040320	1627	1636	performed	T169	C0884358
28040320	1698	1707	technique	T169	C0449851
28040320	1712	1720	surgical	T061	C0543467
28040320	1721	1734	decompression	T061	C1829459
28040320	1746	1762	positive results	T169	C1274040

28040771|t|Transplantation in a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with infective endocarditis, pericarditis and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
28040771|a|Heart failure patients with pacemaker or defibrillator-associated endocarditis in cardiogenic shock have few treatment options. We present a case of an INTERMACS I patient who developed device infection, sepsis, bacterial pericarditis and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. The patient was stabilized with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and successfully transplanted.
28040771	0	15	Transplantation	T061	C0040732
28040771	21	28	patient	T101	C0030705
28040771	32	67	extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	T061	C0015357
28040771	73	95	infective endocarditis	T047	C1541923
28040771	97	109	pericarditis	T047	C0031046
28040771	114	146	heparin-induced thrombocytopenia	T047	C0272285
28040771	147	160	Heart failure	T047	C0018801
28040771	161	169	patients	T101	C0030705
28040771	175	184	pacemaker	T074	C0030163
28040771	188	225	defibrillator-associated endocarditis	T047	C0012634
28040771	229	246	cardiogenic shock	T046	C0036980
28040771	256	273	treatment options	T061	C0683525
28040771	299	310	INTERMACS I	T170	C0282574
28040771	311	318	patient	T101	C0030705
28040771	333	339	device	T073	C0699733
28040771	340	349	infection	T046	C3714514
28040771	351	357	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28040771	359	381	bacterial pericarditis	T047	C0340445
28040771	386	418	heparin-induced thrombocytopenia	T047	C0272285
28040771	424	431	patient	T101	C0030705
28040771	452	487	extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	T061	C0015357
28040771	505	517	transplanted	T061	C0040732

28041316|t|CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas: a single-institution experience
28041316|a|OBJECTIVE Symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas (SVHs) are a very rare pathology that can present with persistent pain or neurological deficits that warrant surgical intervention. Given the relative rarity and difficulty in assessment, the authors sought to present a dedicated series of SVHs treated using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to provide insight into clinical decision making. METHODS A retrospective review of a single institution's experience with hypofractionated radiosurgery for SVH from 2004 to 2011 was conducted to determine the clinical and radiographic outcomes following SRS treatment. The authors report and analyze the treatment course of 5 patients with 7 lesions, 2 of which were treated primarily by SRS. RESULTS Of the 5 patients studied, 4 presented with a chief complaint of pain refractory to conservative measures. Three patients reported dysesthesias, and 2 reported upper-extremity weakness. Following radiosurgery, 4 of 5 patients exhibited improvement in their primary symptoms (3 for pain and 1 for weakness), achieving a clinical response after a mean period of 1 year. In 2 cases there was 20%-40% reduction in lesion size in the most responsive dimension as noted on images. All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS SRS for SVH is a safe and feasible treatment strategy, comparable to prior radiotherapy studies, and in select cases may successfully confer delayed decompressive effects. Additional investigation will determine future patient selection and how conformal SRS treatment can best be administered.
28041316	0	36	CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery	T061	C3178754
28041316	45	54	treatment	T061	C0920425
28041316	58	69	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28041316	70	91	vertebral hemangiomas	T191	C3164157
28041316	135	146	Symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28041316	147	168	vertebral hemangiomas	T191	C3164157
28041316	170	174	SVHs	T191	C3164157
28041316	182	191	very rare	T033	C1855575
28041316	192	201	pathology	T091	C0030664
28041316	224	234	persistent	T079	C0205322
28041316	224	239	persistent pain	T184	C0030193
28041316	243	264	neurological deficits	T033	C0521654
28041316	278	299	surgical intervention	T033	C0549433
28041316	409	413	SVHs	T191	C3164157
28041316	414	421	treated	T061	C0332293
28041316	428	453	stereotactic radiosurgery	T061	C2366803
28041316	455	458	SRS	T061	C2366803
28041316	484	508	clinical decision making	T060	C4042877
28041316	520	540	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
28041316	583	612	hypofractionated radiosurgery	T061	C1831786
28041316	617	620	SVH	T191	C3164157
28041316	670	678	clinical	T034	C0456984
28041316	683	695	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28041316	696	704	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28041316	715	728	SRS treatment	T061	C3846112
28041316	765	781	treatment course	T079	C0750729
28041316	787	795	patients	T101	C0030705
28041316	803	810	lesions	T033	C0221198
28041316	828	835	treated	T061	C0332293
28041316	849	852	SRS	T061	C2366803
28041316	871	879	patients	T101	C0030705
28041316	908	923	chief complaint	T033	C0277786
28041316	927	942	pain refractory	T184	C0030200
28041316	975	983	patients	T101	C0030705
28041316	993	1005	dysesthesias	T184	C0392699
28041316	1022	1046	upper-extremity weakness	T184	C0751409
28041316	1058	1070	radiosurgery	T061	C0085203
28041316	1079	1087	patients	T101	C0030705
28041316	1098	1109	improvement	T077	C2986411
28041316	1119	1135	primary symptoms	T184	C3258060
28041316	1143	1147	pain	T184	C0030193
28041316	1158	1166	weakness	T184	C3714552
28041316	1181	1198	clinical response	T033	C4055223
28041316	1259	1268	reduction	T080	C0392756
28041316	1272	1283	lesion size	T082	C0449453
28041316	1341	1351	treatments	T061	C0087111
28041316	1385	1388	SRS	T061	C2366803
28041316	1393	1396	SVH	T191	C3164157
28041316	1420	1438	treatment strategy	T061	C0040808
28041316	1460	1480	radiotherapy studies	T061	C1522449
28041316	1526	1555	delayed decompressive effects	T061	C1829459
28041316	1597	1621	future patient selection	T062	C0242802
28041316	1640	1653	SRS treatment	T061	C2366803

28041848|t|Spatiotemporal Control of Intracellular Phase Transitions Using Light-Activated optoDroplets
28041848|a|Phase transitions driven by intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) have emerged as a ubiquitous mechanism for assembling liquid-like RNA/protein (RNP) bodies and other membrane-less organelles. However, a lack of tools to control intracellular phase transitions limits our ability to understand their role in cell physiology and disease. Here, we introduce an optogenetic platform that uses light to activate IDR -mediated phase transitions in living cells. We use this " optoDroplet " system to study condensed phases driven by the IDRs of various RNP body proteins, including FUS, DDX4, and HNRNPA1. Above a concentration threshold, these constructs undergo light-activated phase separation, forming spatiotemporally definable liquid optoDroplets. FUS optoDroplet assembly is fully reversible even after multiple activation cycles. However, cells driven deep within the phase boundary form solid-like gels that undergo aging into irreversible aggregates. This system can thus elucidate not only physiological phase transitions but also their link to pathological aggregates.
28041848	0	14	Spatiotemporal	T062	C3494293
28041848	26	39	Intracellular	T082	C0178719
28041848	40	57	Phase Transitions	T070	C1257888
28041848	64	92	Light-Activated optoDroplets	T062	C0035177
28041848	93	110	Phase transitions	T070	C1257888
28041848	121	161	intrinsically disordered protein regions	T116,T123	C3658247
28041848	163	167	IDRs	T116,T123	C3658247
28041848	187	207	ubiquitous mechanism	T044	C0678659
28041848	235	246	RNA/protein	T116,T123	C0035544
28041848	248	251	RNP	T116,T123	C0035544
28041848	253	259	bodies	T026	C1995017
28041848	270	294	membrane-less organelles	T026	C0029219
28041848	315	320	tools	UnknownType	C0541506
28041848	332	345	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28041848	346	363	phase transitions	T070	C1257888
28041848	411	426	cell physiology	T043	C0007613
28041848	431	438	disease	T047	C0012634
28041848	462	473	optogenetic	T063	C3494301
28041848	474	482	platform	T075	C1710360
28041848	502	510	activate	T052	C1879547
28041848	511	514	IDR	T116,T123	C3658247
28041848	525	542	phase transitions	T070	C1257888
28041848	546	552	living	T078	C0376558
28041848	553	558	cells	T025	C0007634
28041848	574	585	optoDroplet	T062	C0035177
28041848	588	594	system	T169	C0449913
28041848	598	603	study	T062	C2603343
28041848	604	613	condensed	T052	C0441655
28041848	614	620	phases	T079	C0205390
28041848	635	639	IDRs	T116,T123	C3658247
28041848	651	654	RNP	T116,T123	C0035544
28041848	655	659	body	T026	C1995017
28041848	660	668	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28041848	680	683	FUS	T116	C4043426
28041848	685	689	DDX4	T116,T126	C1432909
28041848	695	702	HNRNPA1	T116,T123	C1446980
28041848	712	725	concentration	T081	C1446561
28041848	726	735	threshold	T080	C0449864
28041848	762	794	light-activated phase separation	T067	C1522240
28041848	804	820	spatiotemporally	T062	C3494293
28041848	831	837	liquid	T167	C0302908
28041848	838	850	optoDroplets	T062	C0035177
28041848	852	855	FUS	T116	C4043426
28041848	856	867	optoDroplet	T062	C0035177
28041848	886	896	reversible	T169	C0205343
28041848	917	934	activation cycles	T079	C0001289
28041848	945	950	cells	T025	C0007634
28041848	974	979	phase	T079	C0205390
28041848	994	1009	solid-like gels	T122	C0017243
28041848	1047	1057	aggregates	T169	C0332621
28041848	1064	1070	system	T169	C0449913
28041848	1099	1112	physiological	T169	C0205463
28041848	1113	1130	phase transitions	T070	C1257888
28041848	1154	1166	pathological	T169	C1521733
28041848	1167	1177	aggregates	T169	C0332621

28042065|t|Civil Society -Driven Drug Policy Reform for Health and Human Welfare - India
28042065|a|The lack of adequate access to opioids in India as analgesics and for agonist therapies, forces millions to live with severe unalleviated pain, or languish with suffering associated with drug dependence. Although India is a major opium exporter, the excessively prohibitive 1985 narcotics law formulated to control harmful use of drugs, impeded the availability and access to opioids for medical and scientific purposes. Amendment of this law in 2014 established a new national regulatory framework for improved access to essential opioid analgesics. This article reflects on key elements and processes that led to this landmark achievement. Unlike quick timelines associated with effecting policy reforms for law enforcement, realizing the 2014 drug policy change primarily to mitigate human suffering, was a 22-year-long process. The most exacting challenges included recognizing the multilayered complexities of the prior policy framework and understanding their adverse impact on field practices to chart an appropriate and viable path for reform. The evolution of an informal civil society movement involving health care professionals, lawyers, media, policy analysts, government officials, and the public was pivotal in addressing these challenges and garnering momentum for reform. The success of the effort for improving access to opioid medications was underpinned by a three-pronged strategy of 1) persuading the executive arm of the government to take interim enabling measures; 2) leveraging judicial intervention through public interest litigation; and 3) crafting a viable policy document for legislative approval and implementation. We hope our findings are useful for realizing drug policy reforms, given the current transformed global policy mandates emphasizing humanitarian, healthcare, and quality-of-life considerations.
28042065	0	13	Civil Society	UnknownType	C0680324
28042065	22	40	Drug Policy Reform	UnknownType	C0815220
28042065	45	51	Health	T078	C0018684
28042065	56	69	Human Welfare	T095	C0037440
28042065	72	77	India	T083	C0021201
28042065	82	86	lack	T080	C0332268
28042065	90	98	adequate	T080	C0205411
28042065	109	116	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28042065	120	125	India	T083	C0021201
28042065	129	139	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
28042065	148	155	agonist	T121	C2987634
28042065	156	165	therapies	T061	C0087111
28042065	196	202	severe	T080	C0205082
28042065	203	220	unalleviated pain	T184	C0030193
28042065	225	233	languish	T080	C1762617
28042065	239	248	suffering	T048	C0683278
28042065	265	280	drug dependence	T048	C1510472
28042065	291	296	India	T083	C0021201
28042065	308	313	opium	T109,T121	C0029112
28042065	314	322	exporter	T097	C0402574
28042065	340	351	prohibitive	T054	C0683610
28042065	357	370	narcotics law	T089	C0027413
28042065	385	392	control	T080	C0243148
28042065	393	413	harmful use of drugs	T048	C0013146
28042065	427	439	availability	T169	C0470187
28042065	444	450	access	T082	C0444454
28042065	454	461	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28042065	466	473	medical	UnknownType	C0678312
28042065	478	488	scientific	T062	C0683933
28042065	489	497	purposes	T169	C1285529
28042065	499	508	Amendment	T170	C0680532
28042065	517	520	law	T170	C1947938
28042065	547	576	national regulatory framework	T089	C0220868
28042065	590	596	access	T082	C0444454
28042065	600	609	essential	T080	C0205224
28042065	610	627	opioid analgesics	T109,T121	C0002772
28042065	707	718	achievement	T053	C0001072
28042065	769	783	policy reforms	UnknownType	C0815220
28042065	788	803	law enforcement	T064	C0162469
28042065	824	835	drug policy	UnknownType	C0683727
28042065	856	864	mitigate	T067	C1553901
28042065	865	881	human suffering,	T048	C0683278
28042065	964	989	multilayered complexities	T033	C0037431
28042065	1003	1019	policy framework	T170	C0242456
28042065	1044	1051	adverse	T080	C0205169
28042065	1052	1058	impact	UnknownType	C0814716
28042065	1122	1128	reform	T064	C0206597
28042065	1159	1181	civil society movement	T054	C0680411
28042065	1192	1217	health care professionals	T097	C1704312
28042065	1219	1226	lawyers	T097	C0086530
28042065	1228	1233	media	T097	C4054555
28042065	1235	1250	policy analysts	T097	C0870132
28042065	1252	1272	government officials	T097	C0242304
28042065	1282	1288	public	T098	C0034035
28042065	1321	1331	challenges	T058	C0805586
28042065	1359	1365	reform	UnknownType	C0680438
28042065	1371	1378	success	T054	C0597535
28042065	1407	1413	access	T080	C0018748
28042065	1417	1423	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28042065	1424	1435	medications	T058	C0150270
28042065	1501	1532	executive arm of the government	T097	C0335161
28042065	1541	1548	interim	T079	C2827738
28042065	1558	1566	measures	T170	C0033107
28042065	1582	1603	judicial intervention	T064	C0178362
28042065	1612	1618	public	T098	C0034035
28042065	1619	1627	interest	T098	C0021729
28042065	1628	1638	litigation	T068	C0079706
28042065	1647	1680	crafting a viable policy document	T064	C0242440
28042065	1685	1705	legislative approval	T064	C0680796
28042065	1710	1724	implementation	T052	C1708476
28042065	1772	1791	drug policy reforms	UnknownType	C0683727
28042065	1823	1829	global	T080	C2348867
28042065	1830	1836	policy	T170	C0242456
28042065	1837	1845	mandates	UnknownType	C0814715
28042065	1858	1870	humanitarian	T095	C0037440
28042065	1872	1882	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28042065	1888	1903	quality-of-life	T078	C0034380
28042065	1904	1918	considerations	T033	C0518609

28042104|t|Laboratory Bioassays with Three Different Substrates to Test the Efficacy of Insecticides against Various Stages of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
28042104|a|Rapid worldwide spread and polyphagous nature of the spotted wing Drosophila Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae) calls for efficient and selective control strategies to prevent severe economic losses in various fruit crops. The use of insecticides is one option for management of this invasive pest insect. Efficacy of insecticides is usually assessed first in laboratory bioassays, which are compounded by the cryptic nature of D. suzukii larvae and the fact that fruits used in bioassays often start to rot and dissolve before larvae have reached the adult stage. Here, we report on laboratory bioassays using three different types of substrates allowing a thorough screening of insecticides for their potential effects against D. suzukii eggs, larvae and adults. Suitability of our bioassays was validated in an assessment of the efficacy of four bioinsecticides and one synthetic insecticide against various developmental stages of D. suzukii Water-apple juice agar used as a bioassay substrate allowed egg counting and observation of larval development due to its transparency, while apple-nutrition medium allowed complete metamorphosis. Use of grape berries in bioassays made it possible to assess effects of an insecticide present on a fruit's surface on oviposition and larval hatch from eggs. Insecticides tested in these three different bioassays with acetamiprid, spinosad or natural pyrethrins as active ingredients achieved a significant D. suzukii control if they were applied before egg deposition. Number of adult flies was significantly reduced if the bioassay medium was treated with an azadirachtin A containing insecticide both before or after egg deposition.
28042104	0	20	Laboratory Bioassays	T059	C0005507
28042104	26	31	Three	T081	C0205449
28042104	32	41	Different	T080	C1705242
28042104	42	52	Substrates	T167	C3891814
28042104	56	60	Test	T169	C0039593
28042104	65	73	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28042104	77	89	Insecticides	T131	C0021576
28042104	98	112	Various Stages	T079	C1306673
28042104	116	134	Drosophila suzukii	T204	C1002114
28042104	136	143	Diptera	T204	C0012578
28042104	145	158	Drosophilidae	T204	C0178439
28042104	160	165	Rapid	T080	C0456962
28042104	166	175	worldwide	T082	C1254362
28042104	176	182	spread	T080	C0332261
28042104	187	205	polyphagous nature	T080	C0205556
28042104	213	236	spotted wing Drosophila	T204	C1002114
28042104	237	265	Drosophila suzukii Matsumura	T204	C1002114
28042104	267	274	Diptera	T204	C0012578
28042104	276	289	Drosophilidae	T204	C0178439
28042104	301	310	efficient	T080	C0442799
28042104	315	332	selective control	T080	C0243148
28042104	333	343	strategies	T041	C0679199
28042104	347	354	prevent	T080	C2700409
28042104	362	370	economic	T169	C0013557
28042104	371	377	losses	T081	C1517945
28042104	389	400	fruit crops	T002	C0242775
28042104	413	425	insecticides	T131	C0021576
28042104	444	454	management	T057	C0031249
28042104	463	471	invasive	T080	C0205281
28042104	472	483	pest insect	T204	C0021585
28042104	485	493	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28042104	497	509	insecticides	T131	C0021576
28042104	521	529	assessed	T052	C1516048
28042104	539	559	laboratory bioassays	T059	C0005507
28042104	571	581	compounded	T080	C0205198
28042104	589	603	cryptic nature	T080	C0205556
28042104	607	617	D. suzukii	T204	C1002114
28042104	618	624	larvae	T204	C0023047
28042104	643	649	fruits	T168	C0016767
28042104	658	667	bioassays	T059	C0005507
28042104	683	686	rot	T067	C2700592
28042104	707	713	larvae	T204	C0023047
28042104	731	736	adult	T100	C0001675
28042104	737	742	stage	T079	C1306673
28042104	763	783	laboratory bioassays	T059	C0005507
28042104	796	805	different	T080	C1705242
28042104	806	811	types	T080	C0332307
28042104	815	825	substrates	T167	C3891814
28042104	846	855	screening	T058	C1710032
28042104	859	871	insecticides	T131	C0021576
28042104	882	891	potential	T080	C3245505
28042104	892	899	effects	T080	C1280500
28042104	908	918	D. suzukii	T204	C1002114
28042104	919	923	eggs	T025	C0029974
28042104	925	931	larvae	T204	C0023047
28042104	936	942	adults	T100	C0001675
28042104	963	972	bioassays	T059	C0005507
28042104	977	986	validated	T062	C1519941
28042104	977	986	validated	T062	C1519941
28042104	993	1003	assessment	T052	C1516048
28042104	1011	1019	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28042104	1023	1027	four	T081	C0205450
28042104	1028	1043	bioinsecticides	T131	C0021576
28042104	1052	1061	synthetic	T052	C1883254
28042104	1062	1073	insecticide	T131	C0021576
28042104	1090	1103	developmental	T040	C0678723
28042104	1104	1110	stages	T079	C1306673
28042104	1114	1124	D. suzukii	T204	C1002114
28042104	1125	1147	Water-apple juice agar	T130	C0010454
28042104	1158	1166	bioassay	T059	C0005507
28042104	1167	1176	substrate	T167	C3891814
28042104	1185	1197	egg counting	T059	C0022885
28042104	1202	1213	observation	T169	C1441672
28042104	1217	1235	larval development	T040	C1160209
28042104	1247	1259	transparency	T080	C0522503
28042104	1267	1289	apple-nutrition medium	T130	C0010454
28042104	1298	1306	complete	T080	C0205197
28042104	1307	1320	metamorphosis	T040	C0277806
28042104	1329	1342	grape berries	T168	C0018208
28042104	1346	1355	bioassays	T059	C0005507
28042104	1376	1382	assess	T052	C1516048
28042104	1383	1390	effects	T080	C1280500
28042104	1397	1408	insecticide	T131	C0021576
28042104	1422	1429	fruit's	T168	C0016767
28042104	1430	1437	surface	T082	C0205148
28042104	1441	1452	oviposition	T040	C0029957
28042104	1457	1463	larval	T204	C0023047
28042104	1464	1469	hatch	T040	C0598016
28042104	1475	1479	eggs	T025	C0029974
28042104	1481	1493	Insecticides	T131	C0021576
28042104	1494	1500	tested	T169	C0039593
28042104	1516	1525	different	T080	C1705242
28042104	1526	1535	bioassays	T059	C0005507
28042104	1541	1552	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
28042104	1554	1562	spinosad	T109,T121	C0961781
28042104	1566	1573	natural	T169	C0205296
28042104	1574	1584	pyrethrins	T109,T131	C0034245
28042104	1588	1606	active ingredients	T080	C1292749
28042104	1607	1615	achieved	T033	C0243095
28042104	1618	1629	significant	T078	C0750502
28042104	1630	1640	D. suzukii	T204	C1002114
28042104	1641	1648	control	T080	C0243148
28042104	1662	1669	applied	T169	C4048755
28042104	1693	1699	Number	T081	C0237753
28042104	1703	1708	adult	T100	C0001675
28042104	1709	1714	flies	T204	C1704307
28042104	1719	1732	significantly	T078	C0750502
28042104	1733	1740	reduced	T080	C0392756
28042104	1748	1756	bioassay	T059	C0005507
28042104	1757	1763	medium	T167	C1705217
28042104	1768	1775	treated	T169	C1522326
28042104	1784	1798	azadirachtin A	T109	C0052745
28042104	1810	1821	insecticide	T131	C0021576

28042600|t|Efficacy of Synbiotics for Treatment of Bacillary Dysentery in Children: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
28042600|a|Bacillary dysentery is a major cause of children's admission to hospitals. To assess the probiotic and prebiotic (synbiotics) effects in children with dysentery in a randomized clinical trial, 200 children with dysentery were studied in 2 groups: the synbiotic group received 1 tablet /day of synbiotic for 3-5 days and the placebo group received placebo tablets (identical tablet form like probiotics). The standard treatment was administered for all patients. Duration of hospitalization, dysentery, fever, and the weight loss were assessed in each group. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in both groups in the baseline characteristics. The mean duration of dysentery reduced (P < 0.05). The mean duration of fever has been significantly reduced in the synbiotic group (1.64 ± 0.87 days) in comparison to the placebo group (2.13 ± 0.94 days) (P < 0.001). Average amount of weight loss was significantly lower in the synbiotic group in comparison to that in the placebo group (129.5 ± 23.388 grams and 278 ± 28.385 grams, resp.; P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the mean duration of hospitalization in both groups (P > 0.05). The use of synbiotics as an adjuvant therapy to the standard treatment of dysentery significantly reduces the duration of dysentery, fever, and rate of weight losses. The trial is registered with IRCT201109267647N1.
28042600	0	8	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28042600	12	22	Synbiotics	T168	C2936470
28042600	27	36	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28042600	40	59	Bacillary Dysentery	T047	C1527298
28042600	63	71	Children	T100	C0008059
28042600	75	87	Double-Blind	T062	C0013072
28042600	89	99	Randomized	T062	C0206035
28042600	101	125	Placebo-Controlled Study	T062,T170	C0599724
28042600	126	145	Bacillary dysentery	T047	C1527298
28042600	166	176	children's	T100	C0008059
28042600	177	199	admission to hospitals	T058	C0184666
28042600	204	210	assess	T058	C0184514
28042600	215	224	probiotic	T007	C0525033
28042600	229	238	prebiotic	T109	C2717875
28042600	240	250	synbiotics	T168	C2936470
28042600	252	259	effects	T080	C1280500
28042600	263	271	children	T100	C0008059
28042600	277	286	dysentery	T047	C0013369
28042600	292	317	randomized clinical trial	T062,T170	C0206034
28042600	323	331	children	T100	C0008059
28042600	337	346	dysentery	T047	C0013369
28042600	365	371	groups	T078	C0441833
28042600	377	386	synbiotic	T168	C2936470
28042600	387	392	group	T078	C0441833
28042600	404	410	tablet	T122	C0039225
28042600	411	415	/day	T079	C0439505
28042600	419	428	synbiotic	T168	C2936470
28042600	437	441	days	T079	C0439228
28042600	450	457	placebo	T122	C1696465
28042600	458	463	group	T078	C0441833
28042600	473	480	placebo	T122	C1696465
28042600	481	488	tablets	T122	C0039225
28042600	500	506	tablet	T122	C0039225
28042600	517	527	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28042600	534	542	standard	T080	C1442989
28042600	543	552	treatment	T061	C0087111
28042600	557	569	administered	T169	C1521801
28042600	578	586	patients	T101	C0030705
28042600	588	596	Duration	T079	C0449238
28042600	600	615	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28042600	617	626	dysentery	T047	C0013369
28042600	628	633	fever	T184	C0015967
28042600	643	654	weight loss	T033	C1262477
28042600	660	668	assessed	T052	C1516048
28042600	677	682	group	T078	C0441833
28042600	716	741	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
28042600	750	756	groups	T078	C0441833
28042600	764	772	baseline	T081	C1442488
28042600	773	788	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28042600	794	807	mean duration	T079	C0449238
28042600	811	820	dysentery	T047	C0013369
28042600	821	828	reduced	T080	C0392756
28042600	845	858	mean duration	T079	C0449238
28042600	862	867	fever	T184	C0015967
28042600	891	898	reduced	T080	C0392756
28042600	906	915	synbiotic	T168	C2936470
28042600	916	921	group	T078	C0441833
28042600	935	939	days	T079	C0439228
28042600	944	954	comparison	T052	C1707455
28042600	962	969	placebo	T122	C1696465
28042600	970	975	group	T078	C0441833
28042600	989	993	days	T079	C0439228
28042600	1008	1022	Average amount	T081	C1265611
28042600	1026	1037	weight loss	T033	C1262477
28042600	1069	1078	synbiotic	T168	C2936470
28042600	1079	1084	group	T078	C0441833
28042600	1088	1098	comparison	T052	C1707455
28042600	1114	1121	placebo	T122	C1696465
28042600	1122	1127	group	T078	C0441833
28042600	1203	1228	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
28042600	1236	1249	mean duration	T079	C0449238
28042600	1253	1268	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28042600	1277	1283	groups	T078	C0441833
28042600	1307	1317	synbiotics	T168	C2936470
28042600	1324	1340	adjuvant therapy	T061	C0677850
28042600	1348	1356	standard	T080	C1442989
28042600	1357	1366	treatment	T061	C0087111
28042600	1370	1379	dysentery	T047	C0013369
28042600	1394	1401	reduces	T080	C0392756
28042600	1406	1414	duration	T079	C0449238
28042600	1418	1427	dysentery	T047	C0013369
28042600	1429	1434	fever	T184	C0015967
28042600	1440	1461	rate of weight losses	T033	C1262477
28042600	1467	1472	trial	T062	C0008976
28042600	1476	1486	registered	T058	C1514821

28042936|t|Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics and transplacental transfer of nifedipine in hypertensive pregnant women
28042936|a|Diabetes mellitus can inhibit cytochrome P450 3A4, an enzyme responsible for the metabolism of nifedipine, used for the treatment of hypertension in pregnant women. We aimed to assess the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the pharmacokinetics, placental transfer and distribution of nifedipine in amniotic fluid in hypertensive pregnant women. The study was conducted in 12 hypertensive pregnant women [control group (CG)] and 10 hypertensive pregnant women with T2DM taking slow-release nifedipine (20 mg, 12/12 h). On the 34th week of gestation, serial blood samples were collected (0-12 h) after administration of the medication. At delivery, samples of maternal and fetal blood and amniotic fluid were collected for determination of nifedipine distribution in these compartments. The median pharmacokinetic parameters of CG were: peak plasma concentration (Cmax) 26.41 ng ml(-1), time to reach Cmax (tmax) 1.79 h, area under the plasma concentration vs. time curve from 0-12 h (AUC 0-12) 235.99 ng.h ml(-1), half-life (t½) 4.34 h, volume of distribution divided by bioavailability (Vd / F) 560.96 l, and ClT / F 84.77 l h(-1). The parameters for T2DM group were: Cmax 23.52 ng ml(-1), tmax 1.48 h, AUC 0-12 202.23 ng.h ml(-1), t½ 5.00 h, Vd / F 609.40 l, and apparent total clearance (ClT / F) 98.94 l h(-1). The ratios of plasma concentrations of nifedipine in the umbilical vein, intervillous space and amniotic fluid to those in the maternal vein for CG and T2DM were 0.53 and 0.44, 0.78 and 0.87, respectively, with an amniotic fluid / maternal plasma ratio of 0.05 for both groups. The ratios of plasma concentrations in the umbilical artery to those in the umbilical vein were 0.82 for CG and 0.88 for T2DM. There was no influence of T2DM on the pharmacokinetics or placental transfer of nifedipine in hypertensive women with controlled diabetes.
28042936	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
28042936	10	34	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28042936	42	58	pharmacokinetics	T169	C0031328
28042936	63	86	transplacental transfer	UnknownType	C0678748
28042936	90	100	nifedipine	T109,T121	C0028066
28042936	104	116	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
28042936	117	131	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28042936	132	149	Diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28042936	154	161	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28042936	162	181	cytochrome P450 3A4	T116,T126	C1142644
28042936	186	192	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28042936	213	223	metabolism	T044	C0683140
28042936	227	237	nifedipine	T109,T121	C0028066
28042936	252	261	treatment	T061	C0087111
28042936	265	277	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28042936	281	295	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28042936	300	305	aimed	T078	C1947946
28042936	309	315	assess	T058	C0184514
28042936	320	326	effect	T080	C1280500
28042936	330	354	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28042936	356	360	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28042936	369	385	pharmacokinetics	T169	C0031328
28042936	387	405	placental transfer	UnknownType	C0678748
28042936	426	436	nifedipine	T109,T121	C0028066
28042936	440	454	amniotic fluid	T031	C0002638
28042936	458	470	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
28042936	471	485	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28042936	491	496	study	T062	C2603343
28042936	517	529	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
28042936	530	544	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28042936	546	559	control group	T096	C0009932
28042936	561	563	CG	T096	C0009932
28042936	573	585	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
28042936	586	600	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28042936	606	610	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28042936	631	641	nifedipine	T109,T121	C0028066
28042936	672	676	week	T079	C0439230
28042936	680	689	gestation	T040	C0032961
28042936	698	711	blood samples	T031	C0178913
28042936	742	756	administration	T061	C1533734
28042936	764	774	medication	T121	C0013227
28042936	776	787	At delivery	T079	C3263555
28042936	789	796	samples	T031	C0178913
28042936	800	808	maternal	T099	C0026591
28042936	813	824	fetal blood	T031	C0015925
28042936	829	843	amniotic fluid	T031	C0002638
28042936	863	876	determination	T059	C1148554
28042936	880	890	nifedipine	T109,T121	C0028066
28042936	931	937	median	T081	C0876920
28042936	938	953	pharmacokinetic	T169	C0031328
28042936	954	964	parameters	T077	C0549193
28042936	968	970	CG	T096	C0009932
28042936	977	1002	peak plasma concentration	T081	C0683150
28042936	1004	1008	Cmax	T081	C0683150
28042936	1027	1045	time to reach Cmax	T081	C2348796
28042936	1047	1051	tmax	T081	C2348796
28042936	1061	1096	area under the plasma concentration	T081	C0376690
28042936	1101	1111	time curve	T081	C2986848
28042936	1125	1128	AUC	T081	C0376690
28042936	1155	1164	half-life	T079	C0018517
28042936	1178	1200	volume of distribution	T081	C0683148
28042936	1212	1227	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
28042936	1229	1231	Vd	T081	C0683148
28042936	1234	1235	F	T081	C0005508
28042936	1251	1254	ClT	UnknownType	C0683152
28042936	1257	1258	F	T081	C0005508
28042936	1278	1288	parameters	T077	C0549193
28042936	1293	1297	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28042936	1298	1303	group	T098	C1257890
28042936	1310	1314	Cmax	T081	C0683150
28042936	1332	1336	tmax	T081	C2348796
28042936	1345	1348	AUC	T081	C0376690
28042936	1385	1387	Vd	T081	C0683148
28042936	1390	1391	F	T081	C0005508
28042936	1415	1430	total clearance	UnknownType	C0683152
28042936	1432	1435	ClT	UnknownType	C0683152
28042936	1438	1439	F	T081	C0005508
28042936	1460	1466	ratios	T081	C0456603
28042936	1470	1491	plasma concentrations	T081	C0683150
28042936	1495	1505	nifedipine	T109,T121	C0028066
28042936	1513	1527	umbilical vein	T018	C0041637
28042936	1529	1547	intervillous space	T030	C0230968
28042936	1552	1566	amniotic fluid	T031	C0002638
28042936	1583	1591	maternal	T099	C0026591
28042936	1601	1603	CG	T096	C0009932
28042936	1608	1612	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28042936	1670	1684	amniotic fluid	T031	C0002638
28042936	1687	1695	maternal	T099	C0026591
28042936	1696	1702	plasma	T031	C0032105
28042936	1703	1708	ratio	T081	C0456603
28042936	1726	1732	groups	T098	C1257890
28042936	1738	1744	ratios	T081	C0456603
28042936	1748	1769	plasma concentrations	T081	C0683150
28042936	1777	1793	umbilical artery	T018	C0041632
28042936	1810	1824	umbilical vein	T018	C0041637
28042936	1839	1841	CG	T096	C0009932
28042936	1855	1859	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28042936	1874	1883	influence	T077	C4054723
28042936	1887	1891	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28042936	1899	1915	pharmacokinetics	T169	C0031328
28042936	1919	1937	placental transfer	UnknownType	C0678748
28042936	1941	1951	nifedipine	T109,T121	C0028066
28042936	1955	1967	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
28042936	1968	1973	women	T098	C0043210
28042936	1979	1989	controlled	T033	C2911690
28042936	1990	1998	diabetes	T047	C0011847

28042952|t|Uncoupling protein 2 downregulation by hypoxia through repression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ promotes chemoresistance of non-small cell lung cancer
28042952|a|Hypoxic microenvironment is critically involved in the response of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to chemotherapy, the mechanisms of which remain largely unknown. Here, we found that NSCLC patients exhibited increased chemotherapeutic resistance when complicated by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a critical cause of chronic hypoxemia. The downregulation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which is attributed to hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)-mediated suppression of the transcriptional factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), was involved in NSCLC chemoresistance, and predicted a poor survival rate of patients receiving routine chemotherapy. UCP2 suppression induced reactive oxygen species production and upregulation of the ABC transporter protein ABCG2, which leads to chemoresistance by promoting drug efflux. UCP2 downregulation also altered metabolic rates as shown by elevated glucose uptake and reduced oxygen consumption. These data suggest that UCP2 is a key mediator of hypoxia -triggered chemoresistance of NSCLCs, which can be potentially targeted in clinical treatment of chemo-refractory NSCLCs.
28042952	0	20	Uncoupling protein 2	T116,T121	C0536847
28042952	21	35	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28042952	39	46	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28042952	55	65	repression	T045	C0920533
28042952	69	113	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ	T116,T192	C0166417
28042952	123	138	chemoresistance	T039	C1514892
28042952	142	168	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28042952	169	176	Hypoxic	T046	C0242184
28042952	177	193	microenvironment	T082	C0014406
28042952	224	232	response	T032	C0871261
28042952	236	262	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28042952	264	269	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28042952	274	286	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28042952	292	302	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28042952	356	361	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28042952	362	370	patients	T101	C0030705
28042952	381	390	increased	T081	C0205217
28042952	391	418	chemotherapeutic resistance	T039	C1514892
28042952	424	435	complicated	T169	C0231242
28042952	439	476	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
28042952	478	482	COPD	T047	C0024117
28042952	487	495	critical	T080	C1511545
28042952	496	501	cause	T169	C0015127
28042952	505	522	chronic hypoxemia	T033	C0745188
28042952	528	542	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28042952	546	566	uncoupling protein 2	T116,T121	C0536847
28042952	568	572	UCP2	T116,T121	C0536847
28042952	598	624	hypoxia-inducible factor 1	T116,T123	C0215848
28042952	626	631	HIF-1	T116,T123	C0215848
28042952	642	653	suppression	T045	C0038855
28042952	661	683	transcriptional factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28042952	684	728	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ	T116,T192	C0166417
28042952	730	735	PPARγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28042952	754	759	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28042952	760	775	chemoresistance	T039	C1514892
28042952	793	797	poor	T080	C2700379
28042952	798	811	survival rate	T081	C0038954
28042952	815	823	patients	T101	C0030705
28042952	834	841	routine	T080	C0205547
28042952	842	854	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28042952	856	860	UCP2	T116,T121	C0536847
28042952	861	872	suppression	T039	C1514892
28042952	873	880	induced	T169	C0205263
28042952	881	904	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28042952	920	932	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28042952	940	963	ABC transporter protein	T116,T123	C0242738
28042952	964	969	ABCG2	T116,T123	C0761993
28042952	986	1001	chemoresistance	T039	C1514892
28042952	1005	1014	promoting	T052	C0033414
28042952	1015	1026	drug efflux	T044	C1512072
28042952	1028	1032	UCP2	T116,T121	C0536847
28042952	1033	1047	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28042952	1053	1060	altered	T169	C0392747
28042952	1061	1076	metabolic rates	T039	C0870882
28042952	1089	1097	elevated	T080	C3163633
28042952	1098	1112	glucose uptake	T043	C1159527
28042952	1117	1124	reduced	T080	C0392756
28042952	1125	1143	oxygen consumption	T201	C0030055
28042952	1169	1173	UCP2	T116,T121	C0536847
28042952	1195	1202	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28042952	1214	1229	chemoresistance	T039	C1514892
28042952	1233	1239	NSCLCs	T191	C0007131
28042952	1278	1296	clinical treatment	T061	C1516635
28042952	1300	1316	chemo-refractory	T169	C0205269
28042952	1317	1323	NSCLCs	T191	C0007131

28043566|t|Interferon-γ assay, a high-sensitivity, specific and appropriate method for detection of bovine tuberculosis in cattle
28043566|a|Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is an important zoonotic disease that is caused by Mycobacterium bovis. Eradication efforts in developed countries have reduced the prevalence of this disease significantly. TB can be difficult to diagnose based only on the clinical signs; therefore, it is usually diagnosed in the field with the tuberculin skin test and diagnostic blood tests, including the lymphocyte proliferation assay, the interferon (IFN)-γ assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The aim of this study was to compare the tuberculin and IFN-γ tests. A total of 110 animals were evaluated by tuberculin skin test (TST) and IFN-γ assay; the culture was selected as a gold standard. The animals were selected randomly from 700 cattle on dairy farms, aged 3-5 years and suspected of having TB. Ten cattle were positive using the TST and nine were positive by IFN-γ assay. All nine positive samples in the IFN-γ assay were positive in culture too. The observed errors in IFN-γ assay were less due to laboratorial tools. It is suggested that all positive samples in TST are also positive by IFN-γ too.
28043566	0	12	Interferon-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28043566	13	18	assay	T059	C1510438
28043566	22	38	high-sensitivity	T059	C1441604
28043566	40	48	specific	T080	C0205369
28043566	53	64	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28043566	65	71	method	T059	C0022885
28043566	76	85	detection	T061	C1511790
28043566	89	108	bovine tuberculosis	T047	C0041307
28043566	112	118	cattle	T015	C0007452
28043566	119	138	Bovine tuberculosis	T047	C0041307
28043566	140	142	TB	T047	C0041307
28043566	160	176	zoonotic disease	T047	C0043528
28043566	195	214	Mycobacterium bovis	T007	C0026917
28043566	216	227	Eradication	T058	C3178994
28043566	239	258	developed countries	T080	C0282613
28043566	264	271	reduced	T080	C0392756
28043566	276	286	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28043566	295	302	disease	T047	C0012634
28043566	318	320	TB	T047	C0041307
28043566	341	349	diagnose	T033	C0011900
28043566	368	382	clinical signs	T033	C3540840
28043566	409	418	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28043566	441	461	tuberculin skin test	T060	C0041290
28043566	466	488	diagnostic blood tests	T060	C1959833
28043566	504	534	lymphocyte proliferation assay	T059	C0201614
28043566	540	558	interferon (IFN)-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28043566	559	564	assay	T059	C1510438
28043566	570	603	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28043566	609	612	aim	T078	C1947946
28043566	621	626	study	T062	C2603343
28043566	646	656	tuberculin	T116,T129,T130	C0041289
28043566	661	666	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28043566	667	672	tests	T059	C0022885
28043566	689	696	animals	T008	C0003062
28043566	702	711	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28043566	715	735	tuberculin skin test	T060	C0041290
28043566	737	740	TST	T060	C0041290
28043566	746	751	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28043566	752	757	assay	T059	C1510438
28043566	763	770	culture	T059	C0430400
28043566	789	802	gold standard	T080	C0150110
28043566	808	815	animals	T008	C0003062
28043566	848	854	cattle	T015	C0007452
28043566	858	869	dairy farms	T082	C1254362
28043566	880	885	years	T079	C1510829
28043566	890	899	suspected	T078	C0750491
28043566	910	912	TB	T047	C0041307
28043566	918	924	cattle	T015	C0007452
28043566	930	938	positive	T033	C1446409
28043566	949	952	TST	T060	C0041290
28043566	967	975	positive	T033	C1446409
28043566	979	984	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28043566	985	990	assay	T059	C1510438
28043566	1001	1009	positive	T033	C1446409
28043566	1010	1017	samples	T077	C2347026
28043566	1025	1030	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28043566	1031	1036	assay	T059	C1510438
28043566	1042	1050	positive	T033	C1446409
28043566	1054	1061	culture	T059	C0430400
28043566	1071	1079	observed	T169	C1441672
28043566	1080	1086	errors	T080	C0743559
28043566	1090	1095	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28043566	1096	1101	assay	T059	C1510438
28043566	1119	1137	laboratorial tools	T059	C0022885
28043566	1164	1172	positive	T033	C1446409
28043566	1173	1180	samples	T077	C2347026
28043566	1184	1187	TST	T060	C0041290
28043566	1197	1205	positive	T033	C1446409
28043566	1209	1214	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881

28043654|t|Selected flavonoid compounds as promising inhibitors of protein kinase CK2α and CK2α', the catalytic subunits of CK2
28043654|a|CK2 is a ubiquitous protein kinase involved in many cell functions. During the last years it became an interesting target in cancer research. A series of flavonoid compounds was tested as inhibitors of protein kinase CK2. Several substances were found to be highly active against both catalytic subunits with IC50 values below 1 μM in case of CK2α'. The most promising inhibitor we identified is chrysoeriol with IC50 values of 250 and 34 nM for CK2α and CK2α', respectively.
28043654	0	8	Selected	T052	C1707391
28043654	9	28	flavonoid compounds	T109	C0596577
28043654	42	52	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28043654	56	70	protein kinase	T116,T126	C0108555
28043654	71	75	CK2α	T116,T126	C1173607
28043654	80	85	CK2α'	T116,T126	C1449828
28043654	91	109	catalytic subunits	T087	C0600499
28043654	113	116	CK2	T116,T126	C0108555
28043654	117	120	CK2	T116,T126	C0108555
28043654	137	151	protein kinase	T116,T126	C0108555
28043654	169	183	cell functions	T043	C0007613
28043654	201	206	years	T079	C0439234
28043654	232	238	target	T169	C1521840
28043654	242	257	cancer research	T062	C1516225
28043654	271	290	flavonoid compounds	T109	C0596577
28043654	295	301	tested	T169	C0039593
28043654	305	315	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28043654	319	333	protein kinase	T116,T126	C0108555
28043654	334	337	CK2	T116,T126	C0108555
28043654	347	357	substances	T167	C0439861
28043654	375	381	highly	T080	C0205250
28043654	382	396	active against	T078	C3858674
28043654	402	420	catalytic subunits	T087	C0600499
28043654	426	430	IC50	T081	C0600495
28043654	431	437	values	T080	C0042295
28043654	460	465	CK2α'	T116,T126	C1449828
28043654	486	495	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28043654	499	509	identified	T080	C0205396
28043654	513	524	chrysoeriol	T109	C0602970
28043654	530	534	IC50	T081	C0600495
28043654	535	541	values	T080	C0042295
28043654	563	567	CK2α	T116,T126	C1173607
28043654	572	577	CK2α'	T116,T126	C1449828

28043783|t|Pulmonary homograft stenosis in the Ross procedure: Incidence, clinical impact and predictors in long-term follow-up
28043783|a|The Ross procedure is used in the treatment of selected patients with aortic valve disease. Pulmonary graft stenosis can appear in the long-term follow-up after the Ross intervention, but the factors involved and its clinical implications are not fully known. To describe the incidence, clinical impact and predictors of homograft stenosis and reintervention after the Ross procedure in a prospective series in a tertiary referral hospital. From 1997 to 2009, 107 patients underwent the Ross procedure (mean age: 30±11 years; 69% men; 21 aged <18 years), and were followed for echocardiographic homograft stenosis (peak gradient>36mmHg) and surgical or percutaneous homograft reintervention. After 15 years of follow-up (median: 11 years), echocardiographic and clinical data were available in 91 (85%) and 104 (98%) patients, respectively: 26/91 (29%) patients developed homograft stenosis; 10/104 (10%) patients underwent 13 homograft reintervention procedures (three patients underwent surgical replacement, three received a percutaneous pulmonary valve and one needed stent implantation). The other three patients underwent two consecutive procedures in follow-up; one died because of a procedure-related myocardial infarction. Rates of survival free from homograft stenosis and reintervention at 1, 5 and 10 years were 96%, 82% and 75% and 99%, 94% and 91%, respectively. Paediatric patients had worse survival free from homograft stenosis (hazard ratio [HR] 3.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56-7.90; P=0.002), although there were no significant differences regarding reintervention (HR: 2.01, 95% CI: 0.52-7.78; P=0.31). Younger age of homograft donor was also a stenosis predictor (HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-0.99; P=0.046). The probabilities of homograft stenosis and reintervention 10 years after the Ross procedure were 29% and 10%, respectively; only one patient had a reintervention -related death. Younger donor and recipient age were associated with a higher rate of stenosis.
28043783	0	28	Pulmonary homograft stenosis	T047,T190	C0034089
28043783	36	50	Ross procedure	T061	C0087111
28043783	52	61	Incidence	T081	C0021149
28043783	63	71	clinical	T080	C0205210
28043783	72	78	impact	T080	C4049986
28043783	83	93	predictors	T078	C2698872
28043783	97	116	long-term follow-up	T058	C1517942
28043783	121	135	Ross procedure	T061	C0087111
28043783	151	160	treatment	T061	C0087111
28043783	173	181	patients	T101	C0030705
28043783	187	207	aortic valve disease	T047	C1260873
28043783	209	233	Pulmonary graft stenosis	T047,T190	C0034089
28043783	252	271	long-term follow-up	T058	C1517942
28043783	282	299	Ross intervention	T061	C0184661
28043783	334	342	clinical	T080	C0205210
28043783	343	355	implications	T169	C1274040
28043783	404	412	clinical	T080	C0205210
28043783	413	419	impact	T080	C4049986
28043783	424	434	predictors	T078	C2698872
28043783	438	447	homograft	T122	C0450127
28043783	448	456	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28043783	461	475	reintervention	T061	C0184661
28043783	486	500	Ross procedure	T061	C0087111
28043783	530	556	tertiary referral hospital	T073,T093	C0587437
28043783	581	589	patients	T101	C0030705
28043783	604	618	Ross procedure	T061	C0087111
28043783	636	641	years	T079	C0439234
28043783	647	650	men	T098	C0025266
28043783	655	659	aged	T032	C0001779
28043783	664	669	years	T079	C0439234
28043783	694	711	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
28043783	712	721	homograft	T122	C0450127
28043783	722	730	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28043783	758	766	surgical	T033	C0549433
28043783	770	782	percutaneous	T082	C0522523
28043783	783	807	homograft reintervention	T061	C0184661
28043783	818	823	years	T079	C0439234
28043783	849	854	years	T079	C0439234
28043783	857	874	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
28043783	879	892	clinical data	T170	C1516606
28043783	934	942	patients	T101	C0030705
28043783	970	978	patients	T101	C0030705
28043783	989	998	homograft	T122	C0450127
28043783	999	1007	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28043783	1022	1030	patients	T101	C0030705
28043783	1044	1079	homograft reintervention procedures	T061	C0184661
28043783	1087	1095	patients	T101	C0030705
28043783	1106	1126	surgical replacement	T061	C4076286
28043783	1145	1173	percutaneous pulmonary valve	T061	C3161311
28043783	1189	1194	stent	T074	C0038257
28043783	1195	1207	implantation	T061	C0021107
28043783	1226	1234	patients	T101	C0030705
28043783	1290	1294	died	T040	C0011065
28043783	1326	1347	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28043783	1349	1354	Rates	T081	C1521828
28043783	1358	1371	survival free	T081	C0242793
28043783	1377	1386	homograft	T122	C0450127
28043783	1387	1395	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28043783	1400	1414	reintervention	T061	C0184661
28043783	1430	1435	years	T079	C0439234
28043783	1494	1504	Paediatric	T100	C0021270
28043783	1505	1513	patients	T101	C0030705
28043783	1524	1537	survival free	T081	C0242793
28043783	1543	1552	homograft	T122	C0450127
28043783	1553	1561	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28043783	1563	1575	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28043783	1577	1579	HR	T081	C2985465
28043783	1591	1610	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28043783	1612	1614	CI	T081	C0009667
28043783	1695	1709	reintervention	T061	C0184661
28043783	1711	1713	HR	T081	C2985465
28043783	1725	1727	CI	T081	C0009667
28043783	1749	1760	Younger age	T033	C4061789
28043783	1764	1779	homograft donor	T098	C0013018
28043783	1791	1799	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28043783	1800	1809	predictor	T078	C2698872
28043783	1811	1813	HR	T081	C2985465
28043783	1825	1827	CI	T081	C0009667
28043783	1871	1880	homograft	T122	C0450127
28043783	1881	1889	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28043783	1894	1908	reintervention	T061	C0184661
28043783	1912	1917	years	T079	C0439234
28043783	1928	1942	Ross procedure	T061	C0087111
28043783	1984	1991	patient	T101	C0030705
28043783	1998	2012	reintervention	T061	C0184661
28043783	2022	2027	death	T040	C0011065
28043783	2029	2036	Younger	T079	C0332239
28043783	2037	2042	donor	T098	C0013018
28043783	2047	2056	recipient	T098	C1709854
28043783	2057	2060	age	T032	C0001779
28043783	2091	2095	rate	T081	C1521828
28043783	2099	2107	stenosis	T046	C1261287

28044140|t|Fibrinogen: A Marker in Predicting Diabetic Foot Ulcer Severity
28044140|a|Aims. To examine whether fibrinogen levels are a valuable biomarker for assessing disease severity and monitoring disease progression in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Methods. A retrospective study was designed to examine the utility of fibrinogen in estimating disease severity in patients with DFU admitted to our hospital between January 2015 and January 2016. In total, 152 patients with DFU were enrolled in the study group, and 52 age and gender matched people with diabetes but no DFU were included as the control group. DFU severity was assessed using Wagner criteria. Results. Patients with DFU were divided into 2 subgroups based on the Wagner criteria. Mean fibrinogen values were significantly higher in patients with DFU grade ≧ 3 compared to those with DFU grades 1-2 (5.23 ± 1.37 g/L versus 3.61 ± 1.04 g/L). Using ROC statistic, a cut-off value of 5.13 g/L indicated the possible amputation with a sensitivity of 81.8% and a specificity of 78.9% (positive predictive value [PPV] 78.6%, negative predictive value [89.0%]). Fibrinogen values were found to be correlated with CRP levels, neutrophil, and WBC count. Conclusions. Fibrinogen levels might be a valuable tool for assessing the disease severity and monitoring the disease progression in patients with DFU.
28044140	0	10	Fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28044140	14	20	Marker	T201	C0005516
28044140	35	54	Diabetic Foot Ulcer	T047	C1456868
28044140	55	63	Severity	T080	C0392364
28044140	73	80	examine	T058	C0220825
28044140	89	106	fibrinogen levels	T034	C1318051
28044140	122	131	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28044140	136	145	assessing	T058	C0220825
28044140	146	162	disease severity	T080	C0521117
28044140	167	177	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28044140	178	197	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28044140	201	209	patients	T101	C0030705
28044140	215	234	diabetic foot ulcer	T047	C1456868
28044140	236	239	DFU	T047	C1456868
28044140	253	272	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28044140	301	308	utility	T169	C0457083
28044140	312	322	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28044140	337	353	disease severity	T080	C0521117
28044140	357	365	patients	T101	C0030705
28044140	371	374	DFU	T047	C1456868
28044140	375	383	admitted	T058	C0809949
28044140	391	399	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28044140	408	415	January	T080	C3829466
28044140	425	432	January	T080	C3829466
28044140	453	461	patients	T101	C0030705
28044140	467	470	DFU	T047	C1456868
28044140	492	503	study group	UnknownType	C0681860
28044140	520	526	gender	T032	C0079399
28044140	535	541	people	T101	C0030705
28044140	547	555	diabetes	T047	C0011849
28044140	563	566	DFU	T047	C1456868
28044140	588	601	control group	T096	C0009932
28044140	603	606	DFU	T047	C1456868
28044140	607	615	severity	T080	C0392364
28044140	661	669	Patients	T101	C0030705
28044140	675	678	DFU	T047	C1456868
28044140	699	708	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28044140	744	761	fibrinogen values	T034	C1318051
28044140	767	787	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28044140	791	799	patients	T101	C0030705
28044140	805	808	DFU	T047	C1456868
28044140	809	814	grade	T185	C0441800
28044140	842	845	DFU	T047	C1456868
28044140	846	852	grades	T185	C0441800
28044140	905	918	ROC statistic	T081	C0034772
28044140	922	935	cut-off value	T081	C1522609
28044140	971	981	amputation	T061	C0002688
28044140	989	1000	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28044140	1016	1027	specificity	T081	C0037791
28044140	1038	1063	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
28044140	1065	1068	PPV	T081	C1514243
28044140	1077	1102	negative predictive value	T081	C1513918
28044140	1113	1130	Fibrinogen values	T034	C1318051
28044140	1164	1174	CRP levels	T034	C0428528
28044140	1176	1186	neutrophil	T059	C0200633
28044140	1192	1201	WBC count	T059	C0023508
28044140	1216	1233	Fibrinogen levels	T034	C1318051
28044140	1263	1272	assessing	T058	C0220825
28044140	1277	1293	disease severity	T080	C0521117
28044140	1298	1308	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28044140	1313	1332	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28044140	1336	1344	patients	T101	C0030705
28044140	1350	1353	DFU	T047	C1456868

28044446|t|Colonic diverticular bleeding. Have we identified the risk factors for massive bleeding yet?
28044446|a|As we know, the frequency of diverticular disease (DD) increases according to age, being less than 5% in patients under 40 years of age and up to 60% after 80 years of age. The most common distribution of diverticula is in the left colon, except for the Asian population, where diverticular disease of the right colon is more frequent.
28044446	0	29	Colonic diverticular bleeding	T047	C4286000
28044446	39	49	identified	T080	C0205396
28044446	54	66	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28044446	71	87	massive bleeding	T046	C0333279
28044446	122	142	diverticular disease	T047	C1510475
28044446	144	146	DD	T047	C1510475
28044446	171	174	age	T032	C0001779
28044446	198	206	patients	T101	C0030705
28044446	225	228	age	T032	C0001779
28044446	261	264	age	T032	C0001779
28044446	282	309	distribution of diverticula	T046	C0012817
28044446	320	330	left colon	T023	C0227388
28044446	347	363	Asian population	T098	C0078988
28044446	371	410	diverticular disease of the right colon	T047	C0341360
28044446	414	427	more frequent	T033	C0243095

28045933|t|Optimization of Peripheral Vascular Sizing with Conductance Guidewire: Theory and Experiment
28045933|a|Although the clinical range of interventions for coronary arteries is about 2 to 5 mm, the range of diameters of peripheral vasculature is significantly larger (about 10 mm for human iliac artery). When the vessel diameter is increased, the spacing between excitation electrodes on a conductance sizing device must also increase to accommodate the greater range of vessel diameters. The increase in the excitation electrodes distance, however, causes higher parallel conductance or current losses outside of artery lumen. We have previously shown that the conductance catheter / guidewire excitation electrode distances affects the measurement accuracy for the peripheral artery lumen sizing. Here, we propose a simple solution that varies the detection electrode distances to compensate for parallel conductance losses. Computational models were constructed to simulate the conductance guidewire with various electrodes spacing combinations over a range of peripheral artery lumen diameters and surrounding tissue electrical conductivities. The results demonstrate that the measurement accuracy may be significantly improved by increased detection spacing. Specifically, an optimally configured detection / excitation spacing (i.e., 5-5-5 or an equidistant electrode interval with a detection-to-excitation spacing ratio of 0.3) was shown to accurately predict the lumen diameter (i.e., -10% < error < 10%) over a broad range of peripheral artery dimensions (4 mm < diameter < 10 mm). The computational results were substantiated with both ex-vivo and in-vivo measurements of peripheral arteries. The present results support the accuracy of the conductance technique for measurement of peripheral reference vessel diameter.
28045933	0	12	Optimization	T052	C2698650
28045933	16	35	Peripheral Vascular	T022	C0225806
28045933	36	42	Sizing	T061	C0087111
28045933	48	59	Conductance	T081	C0013777
28045933	60	69	Guidewire	T073	C1708264
28045933	71	77	Theory	T078	C0871935
28045933	82	92	Experiment	T062	C0681814
28045933	106	120	clinical range	T081	C1514721
28045933	124	137	interventions	T061	C0184661
28045933	142	159	coronary arteries	T023	C0205042
28045933	184	189	range	T081	C1514721
28045933	193	202	diameters	T081	C1301886
28045933	193	202	diameters	T081	C1301886
28045933	206	228	peripheral vasculature	T022	C0225806
28045933	270	288	human iliac artery	T023	C0020887
28045933	300	306	vessel	T023	C0005847
28045933	307	315	diameter	T081	C1301886
28045933	319	328	increased	T081	C0205217
28045933	334	341	spacing	T081	C1710137
28045933	350	371	excitation electrodes	T074	C0013812
28045933	377	402	conductance sizing device	T074	C0025080
28045933	413	421	increase	T169	C0442805
28045933	449	454	range	T081	C1514721
28045933	458	464	vessel	T023	C0005847
28045933	465	474	diameters	T081	C1301886
28045933	480	488	increase	T169	C0442805
28045933	496	517	excitation electrodes	T074	C0013812
28045933	518	526	distance	T081	C0012751
28045933	551	571	parallel conductance	T081	C0013777
28045933	575	582	current	T070	C1705970
28045933	583	589	losses	T081	C1517945
28045933	601	613	artery lumen	T030	C0225997
28045933	649	660	conductance	T081	C0013777
28045933	661	669	catheter	T074	C0085590
28045933	672	681	guidewire	T073	C1708264
28045933	682	702	excitation electrode	T074	C0013812
28045933	703	712	distances	T081	C0012751
28045933	725	745	measurement accuracy	T081	C3494215
28045933	754	764	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28045933	765	777	artery lumen	T030	C0225997
28045933	778	784	sizing	T061	C0087111
28045933	837	846	detection	T061	C1511790
28045933	847	856	electrode	T074	C0013812
28045933	857	866	distances	T081	C0012751
28045933	870	880	compensate	T080	C0205432
28045933	885	905	parallel conductance	T081	C0013777
28045933	906	912	losses	T081	C1517945
28045933	914	927	Computational	T059	C4297010
28045933	928	934	models	T170	C3161035
28045933	955	963	simulate	T062	C0679083
28045933	968	979	conductance	T081	C0013777
28045933	980	989	guidewire	T073	C1708264
28045933	1003	1013	electrodes	T074	C0013812
28045933	1014	1021	spacing	T081	C1710137
28045933	1042	1047	range	T081	C1514721
28045933	1051	1068	peripheral artery	T023	C0489868
28045933	1069	1074	lumen	T030	C0225997
28045933	1075	1084	diameters	T081	C1301886
28045933	1101	1107	tissue	T024	C0040300
28045933	1108	1133	electrical conductivities	T081	C0013777
28045933	1139	1146	results	T169	C1274040
28045933	1168	1188	measurement accuracy	T081	C3494215
28045933	1196	1218	significantly improved	T033	C0184511
28045933	1222	1231	increased	T081	C0205217
28045933	1232	1241	detection	T061	C1511790
28045933	1242	1249	spacing	T081	C1710137
28045933	1289	1298	detection	T061	C1511790
28045933	1301	1311	excitation	T052	C0549255
28045933	1312	1319	spacing	T081	C1710137
28045933	1351	1360	electrode	T074	C0013812
28045933	1361	1369	interval	T079	C1272706
28045933	1377	1414	detection-to-excitation spacing ratio	T081	C0456603
28045933	1436	1446	accurately	T080	C0443131
28045933	1459	1464	lumen	T030	C0524461
28045933	1465	1473	diameter	T081	C1301886
28045933	1514	1519	range	T081	C1514721
28045933	1523	1540	peripheral artery	T023	C0489868
28045933	1541	1551	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28045933	1560	1568	diameter	T081	C1301886
28045933	1583	1596	computational	T059	C4297010
28045933	1597	1604	results	T169	C1274040
28045933	1634	1641	ex-vivo	T169	C2348480
28045933	1646	1653	in-vivo	T082	C1515655
28045933	1654	1666	measurements	T169	C0242485
28045933	1670	1689	peripheral arteries	T023	C0489868
28045933	1703	1710	results	T169	C1274040
28045933	1723	1731	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28045933	1739	1750	conductance	T081	C0013777
28045933	1751	1760	technique	T169	C0449851
28045933	1765	1776	measurement	T169	C0242485
28045933	1780	1807	peripheral reference vessel	T023	C0150936
28045933	1808	1816	diameter	T081	C1301886

28046142|t|Nitrogen utilization efficiency and prediction of nitrogen excretion in sheep offered fresh perennial ryegrass ()
28046142|a|Nitrogen excretion from sheep production systems is an important source of nitrate, ammonia, and nitrous oxide responsible for groundwater pollution and global warming. The present study aimed to identify key parameters influencing N utilization efficiency and develop prediction equations for manure N, feces N, and urine N outputs in sheep. Data used were collected from 82 sheep offered fresh perennial ryegrass () as the sole diet in 6 metabolism experiments (data from non-grass-only diets were not used). Sheep were from breeds of Highlander, Texel, Scottish Blackface, and Swaledale at the age of 5 to 18 mo and weighing from 24.5 to 62.7 kg. Herbage was harvested daily from 6 swards of contrasting harvest dates (May to December), offering wide variation in feed value to cover the range that would be offered in most practical farm situations. Before the commencement of each study, the experimental sward was harvested at a residual height of 4 cm and allowed to grow for 2 to 4 wk to target an average pregrazing sward height in a range of 8 to 15 cm depending on the time of year. Sheep were housed in individual pens for 14 d and then transferred to individual metabolism crates for 4 d with feed intake and feces and urine outputs measured. Data were analyzed using the linear mixed model procedure to develop prediction equations for feces N, urine N, and manure N outputs using N intake, herbage chemical composition, and digestibility with effects of sex, breed, and experimental periods removed. Nitrogen intake was the best single predictor for N output in feces, urine, and manure, and the value for prediction of manure N output was greater than those for feces N and urine N (0.86 vs. 0.70 and 0.77, respectively; < 0.001). Animal BW and herbage DM, ether extract, NDF, ADF, water soluble carbohydrate, and DE concentrations and N digestibility were also used to predict N outputs because N intake may not be available in commercial practice. The prediction equations for N utilizatio n efficiency indicated that increasing feeding level and ME concentration and reducing N concentration could improve N utilization efficiency and shift N excretion into feces rather than urine (< 0.001). The equations developed in the current study provide an approach for sheep producers to quantify N excretion against production and, consequently, to develop their own mitigation strategies to reduce the environmental impact of sheep production systems.
28046142	0	20	Nitrogen utilization	T044	C1158469
28046142	21	31	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28046142	36	46	prediction	T078	C0681842
28046142	50	58	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	59	68	excretion	T039	C0221102
28046142	72	77	sheep	T015	C0036945
28046142	78	85	offered	T033	C1444648
28046142	86	110	fresh perennial ryegrass	T002	C0331558
28046142	114	122	Nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	123	132	excretion	T039	C0221102
28046142	138	143	sheep	T015	C0036945
28046142	144	162	production systems	T082	C0557759
28046142	189	196	nitrate	T197	C0699857
28046142	198	205	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
28046142	211	224	nitrous oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
28046142	241	252	groundwater	T082	C0596631
28046142	253	262	pollution	T069	C0392355
28046142	267	281	global warming	T069	C0206217
28046142	295	300	study	T062	C2603343
28046142	310	318	identify	T080	C0205396
28046142	319	333	key parameters	T077	C1706198
28046142	346	359	N utilization	T044	C1158469
28046142	360	370	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28046142	383	393	prediction	T078	C0681842
28046142	394	403	equations	T077	C0552449
28046142	408	414	manure	T167	C0024765
28046142	415	416	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	418	423	feces	T031	C0015733
28046142	424	425	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	431	436	urine	T031	C0042036
28046142	437	438	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	439	446	outputs	T077	C1709366
28046142	450	455	sheep	T015	C0036945
28046142	457	461	Data	T078	C1511726
28046142	490	495	sheep	T015	C0036945
28046142	496	503	offered	T033	C1444648
28046142	504	528	fresh perennial ryegrass	T002	C0331558
28046142	539	548	sole diet	T168	C0012155
28046142	554	564	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28046142	565	576	experiments	T062	C0681814
28046142	578	582	data	T078	C1511726
28046142	588	608	non-grass-only diets	T168	C0012155
28046142	614	622	not used	T169	C0445107
28046142	625	630	Sheep	T015	C0036945
28046142	641	647	breeds	T185	C1704650
28046142	651	661	Highlander	T098	C0027361
28046142	663	668	Texel	T015	C1297013
28046142	670	688	Scottish Blackface	T015	C0324108
28046142	694	703	Swaledale	T015	C1296242
28046142	711	714	age	T032	C0001779
28046142	726	728	mo	T079	C0439231
28046142	764	771	Herbage	T002	C0242775
28046142	776	785	harvested	T067	C1522240
28046142	786	791	daily	T079	C0332173
28046142	799	805	swards	T002	C2700402
28046142	821	828	harvest	T067	C1522240
28046142	829	834	dates	T079	C0011008
28046142	854	862	offering	T033	C1444648
28046142	868	877	variation	T080	C0205419
28046142	905	910	range	T081	C1514721
28046142	925	932	offered	T033	C1444648
28046142	951	966	farm situations	T082	C0557759
28046142	1000	1005	study	T062	C2603343
28046142	1011	1023	experimental	T080	C1517586
28046142	1024	1029	sward	T002	C2700402
28046142	1034	1043	harvested	T067	C1522240
28046142	1049	1064	residual height	T032	C0489786
28046142	1088	1092	grow	T040	C0018270
28046142	1104	1106	wk	T079	C0439230
28046142	1110	1116	target	T169	C1521840
28046142	1139	1144	sward	T002	C2700402
28046142	1145	1151	height	T032	C0489786
28046142	1157	1162	range	T081	C1514721
28046142	1177	1186	depending	T169	C3244310
28046142	1194	1206	time of year	T081	C0556970
28046142	1208	1213	Sheep	T015	C0036945
28046142	1219	1225	housed	T082	C0557759
28046142	1252	1253	d	T079	C0439228
28046142	1263	1277	transferred to	T033	C4049693
28046142	1289	1299	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28046142	1313	1314	d	T079	C0439228
28046142	1320	1324	feed	T052	C3853577
28046142	1325	1331	intake	T169	C1512806
28046142	1336	1341	feces	T031	C0015733
28046142	1346	1351	urine	T031	C0042036
28046142	1352	1359	outputs	T077	C1709366
28046142	1370	1374	Data	T078	C1511726
28046142	1380	1388	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28046142	1399	1427	linear mixed model procedure	T081	C0023732
28046142	1439	1449	prediction	T078	C0681842
28046142	1450	1459	equations	T077	C0552449
28046142	1464	1469	feces	T031	C0015733
28046142	1473	1478	urine	T031	C0042036
28046142	1486	1492	manure	T167	C0024765
28046142	1493	1494	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	1495	1502	outputs	T077	C1709366
28046142	1509	1517	N intake	T033	C0556048
28046142	1519	1526	herbage	T002	C0242775
28046142	1527	1547	chemical composition	T070	C0243176
28046142	1553	1566	digestibility	T067	C1522240
28046142	1572	1582	effects of	T080	C1704420
28046142	1583	1586	sex	T032	C0079399
28046142	1588	1593	breed	T185	C1704650
28046142	1612	1619	periods	T079	C1948053
28046142	1620	1627	removed	T080	C0849355
28046142	1629	1637	Nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	1638	1644	intake	T169	C1512806
28046142	1653	1657	best	T080	C1522427
28046142	1658	1674	single predictor	T078	C2698872
28046142	1679	1680	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	1681	1687	output	T077	C1709366
28046142	1691	1696	feces	T031	C0015733
28046142	1698	1703	urine	T031	C0042036
28046142	1709	1715	manure	T167	C0024765
28046142	1735	1745	prediction	T078	C0681842
28046142	1749	1755	manure	T167	C0024765
28046142	1756	1757	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	1758	1764	output	T077	C1709366
28046142	1769	1776	greater	T081	C1704243
28046142	1792	1797	feces	T031	C0015733
28046142	1798	1799	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	1804	1809	urine	T031	C0042036
28046142	1810	1811	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	1861	1867	Animal	T008	C0003062
28046142	1868	1870	BW	T032	C0005910
28046142	1875	1882	herbage	T002	C0242775
28046142	1883	1885	DM	T167	C0439861
28046142	1887	1900	ether extract	T081	C0457929
28046142	1902	1905	NDF	T168	C0012173
28046142	1907	1910	ADF	T168	C0012173
28046142	1912	1938	water soluble carbohydrate	T059	C0201929
28046142	1966	1967	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	1968	1981	digestibility	T067	C1522240
28046142	2000	2007	predict	T078	C0681842
28046142	2008	2009	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	2010	2017	outputs	T077	C1709366
28046142	2026	2027	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	2028	2034	intake	T169	C1512806
28046142	2039	2055	not be available	T080	C0686905
28046142	2059	2078	commercial practice	T078	C0009433
28046142	2084	2094	prediction	T078	C0681842
28046142	2095	2104	equations	T077	C0552449
28046142	2109	2121	N utilizatio	T044	C1158469
28046142	2124	2134	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28046142	2150	2160	increasing	T169	C0442808
28046142	2161	2168	feeding	T052	C2987508
28046142	2169	2174	level	T080	C0441889
28046142	2179	2181	ME	T081	C1442080
28046142	2182	2195	concentration	T081	C1446561
28046142	2200	2208	reducing	T080	C0392756
28046142	2209	2224	N concentration	T033	C0456228
28046142	2231	2238	improve	T033	C0184511
28046142	2239	2252	N utilization	T044	C1158469
28046142	2253	2263	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28046142	2274	2275	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	2276	2285	excretion	T039	C0221102
28046142	2291	2296	feces	T031	C0015733
28046142	2297	2308	rather than	T033	C3897775
28046142	2309	2314	urine	T031	C0042036
28046142	2330	2339	equations	T077	C0552449
28046142	2365	2370	study	T062	C2603343
28046142	2382	2390	approach	T082	C0449445
28046142	2395	2400	sheep	T015	C0036945
28046142	2401	2410	producers	T098	C1709696
28046142	2414	2422	quantify	T081	C1709793
28046142	2423	2424	N	T123,T196	C0028158
28046142	2425	2434	excretion	T039	C0221102
28046142	2443	2453	production	T057	C0033268
28046142	2494	2515	mitigation strategies	T062	C0035171
28046142	2519	2525	reduce	T080	C0392756
28046142	2530	2550	environmental impact	T067	C0282165
28046142	2554	2559	sheep	T015	C0036945
28046142	2560	2578	production systems	T082	C0557759

28049415|t|Improving protein complex prediction by reconstructing a high-confidence protein-protein interaction network of Escherichia coli from different physical interaction data sources
28049415|a|Although different protein-protein physical interaction (PPI) datasets exist for Escherichia coli, no common methodology exists to integrate these datasets and extract reliable modules reflecting the existing biological process and protein complexes. Naïve Bayesian formula is the highly accepted method to integrate different PPI datasets into a single weighted PPI network, but detecting proper weights in such network is still a major problem. In this paper, we proposed a new methodology to integrate various physical PPI datasets into a single weighted PPI network in a way that the detected modules in PPI network exhibit the highest similarity to available functional modules. We used the co-expression modules as functional modules, and we shown that direct functional modules detected from Gene Ontology terms could be used as an alternative dataset. After running this integrating methodology over six different physical PPI datasets, orthologous high-confidence interactions from a related organism and two AP-MS PPI datasets gained high weights in the integrated networks, while the weights for one AP-MS PPI dataset and two other datasets derived from public databases have converged to zero. The majority of detected modules shaped around one or few hub protein(s). Still, a large number of highly interacting protein modules were detected which are functionally relevant and are likely to construct protein complexes. We provided a new high confidence protein complex prediction method supported by functional studies and literature mining.
28049415	0	9	Improving	T080	C1272745
28049415	10	25	protein complex	T116,T123	C1180347
28049415	26	36	prediction	T078	C0681842
28049415	40	54	reconstructing	T170	C0282574
28049415	57	72	high-confidence	T080	C1704725
28049415	73	108	protein-protein interaction network	T169	C3178902
28049415	112	128	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28049415	144	164	physical interaction	T169	C1704675
28049415	165	177	data sources	T081	C0011001
28049415	197	233	protein-protein physical interaction	T044	C0872079
28049415	235	238	PPI	T044	C0872079
28049415	240	248	datasets	T170	C0150098
28049415	259	275	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28049415	287	298	methodology	T078	C3266812
28049415	309	318	integrate	T066	C1705422
28049415	325	333	datasets	T170	C0150098
28049415	355	362	modules	T077	C1709061
28049415	387	405	biological process	T038	C3714634
28049415	410	427	protein complexes	T116,T123	C1180347
28049415	429	451	Naïve Bayesian formula	T170	C0489829
28049415	485	494	integrate	T066	C1705422
28049415	505	508	PPI	T044	C0872079
28049415	509	517	datasets	T170	C0150098
28049415	532	540	weighted	T081	C0043100
28049415	541	552	PPI network	T169	C3178902
28049415	575	582	weights	T081	C0043100
28049415	591	598	network	T169	C1882071
28049415	658	669	methodology	T078	C3266812
28049415	673	682	integrate	T066	C1705422
28049415	691	703	physical PPI	T044	C0872079
28049415	704	712	datasets	T170	C0150098
28049415	727	735	weighted	T081	C0043100
28049415	736	747	PPI network	T169	C3178902
28049415	766	774	detected	T033	C0442726
28049415	775	782	modules	T077	C1709061
28049415	786	797	PPI network	T169	C3178902
28049415	842	852	functional	T169	C0205245
28049415	853	860	modules	T077	C1709061
28049415	874	887	co-expression	T061	C0185117
28049415	888	895	modules	T077	C1709061
28049415	899	909	functional	T169	C0205245
28049415	910	917	modules	T077	C1709061
28049415	944	954	functional	T169	C0205245
28049415	955	962	modules	T077	C1709061
28049415	963	971	detected	T033	C0442726
28049415	977	990	Gene Ontology	T170	C1138831
28049415	991	996	terms	T078	C1254370
28049415	1029	1036	dataset	T170	C0150098
28049415	1057	1068	integrating	T066	C1705422
28049415	1069	1080	methodology	T078	C3266812
28049415	1100	1112	physical PPI	T044	C0872079
28049415	1113	1121	datasets	T170	C0150098
28049415	1123	1134	orthologous	T080	C1709346
28049415	1135	1150	high-confidence	T080	C1704725
28049415	1151	1163	interactions	T169	C1704675
28049415	1179	1187	organism	T001	C0029235
28049415	1196	1201	AP-MS	T059	C0037813
28049415	1202	1205	PPI	T044	C0872079
28049415	1206	1214	datasets	T170	C0150098
28049415	1215	1234	gained high weights	T033	C0043094
28049415	1242	1252	integrated	T066	C1705422
28049415	1253	1261	networks	T169	C1882071
28049415	1273	1280	weights	T081	C0043100
28049415	1289	1294	AP-MS	T059	C0037813
28049415	1295	1298	PPI	T044	C0872079
28049415	1299	1306	dataset	T170	C0150098
28049415	1321	1329	datasets	T170	C0150098
28049415	1343	1359	public databases	T170	C0242356
28049415	1400	1408	detected	T033	C0442726
28049415	1409	1416	modules	T077	C1709061
28049415	1442	1456	hub protein(s)	T116,T129	C3179452
28049415	1502	1509	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28049415	1510	1517	modules	T077	C1709061
28049415	1523	1531	detected	T033	C0442726
28049415	1542	1554	functionally	T169	C0205245
28049415	1555	1563	relevant	T080	C2347946
28049415	1582	1591	construct	T185	C2827421
28049415	1592	1609	protein complexes	T116,T123	C1180347
28049415	1629	1644	high confidence	T080	C1704725
28049415	1645	1660	protein complex	T116,T123	C1180347
28049415	1661	1671	prediction	T078	C0681842
28049415	1692	1702	functional	T169	C0205245
28049415	1715	1725	literature	T170	C0023866

28049831|t|Mobile zinc increases rapidly in the retina after optic nerve injury and regulates ganglion cell survival and optic nerve regeneration
28049831|a|Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the projection neurons of the eye, cannot regenerate their axons once the optic nerve has been injured and soon begin to die. Whereas RGC death and regenerative failure are widely viewed as being cell-autonomous or influenced by various types of glia, we report here that the dysregulation of mobile zinc (Zn(2+)) in retinal interneurons is a primary factor. Within an hour after the optic nerve is injured, Zn(2+) increases several-fold in retinal amacrine cell processes and continues to rise over the first day, then transfers slowly to RGCs via vesicular release. Zn(2+) accumulation in amacrine cell processes involves the Zn(2+) transporter protein ZnT-3, and deletion of slc30a3, the gene encoding ZnT-3, promotes RGC survival and axon regeneration. Intravitreal injection of Zn(2+) chelators enables many RGCs to survive for months after nerve injury and regenerate axons, and enhances the prosurvival and regenerative effects of deleting the gene for phosphatase and tensin homolog (pten). Importantly, the therapeutic window for Zn(2+) chelation extends for several days after nerve injury. These results show that retinal Zn(2+) dysregulation is a major factor limiting the survival and regenerative capacity of injured RGCs, and point to Zn(2+) chelation as a strategy to promote long-term RGC protection and enhance axon regeneration.
28049831	0	6	Mobile	T169	C0231435
28049831	7	11	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28049831	12	21	increases	T169	C0442805
28049831	37	43	retina	T023	C0035298
28049831	50	68	optic nerve injury	T037	C0161398
28049831	73	82	regulates	T064	C0851285
28049831	83	96	ganglion cell	T025	C0228071
28049831	97	105	survival	T043	C0007620
28049831	110	134	optic nerve regeneration	T043	C0598424
28049831	135	157	Retinal ganglion cells	T025	C0035316
28049831	159	163	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28049831	170	188	projection neurons	T025	C0027882
28049831	196	199	eye	T023	C0015392
28049831	208	218	regenerate	T169	C0334213
28049831	225	230	axons	T026	C0004461
28049831	240	251	optic nerve	T023	C0029130
28049831	261	268	injured	T037	C0161479
28049831	287	290	die	T043	C0007587
28049831	300	303	RGC	T025	C0035316
28049831	304	309	death	T043	C0007587
28049831	314	326	regenerative	T043	C0027756
28049831	327	334	failure	T169	C0231174
28049831	412	416	glia	T002	C1087003
28049831	442	455	dysregulation	T038	C3714634
28049831	459	465	mobile	T169	C0231435
28049831	466	470	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28049831	472	478	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28049831	483	490	retinal	T023	C0035298
28049831	491	503	interneurons	T025	C0021792
28049831	535	539	hour	T079	C0439227
28049831	550	561	optic nerve	T023	C0029130
28049831	565	572	injured	T037	C0161479
28049831	574	580	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28049831	581	590	increases	T169	C0442805
28049831	607	614	retinal	T023	C0035298
28049831	615	628	amacrine cell	T025	C0229216
28049831	676	679	day	T079	C0439228
28049831	706	710	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28049831	715	724	vesicular	T080	C0205378
28049831	725	732	release	T169	C0391871
28049831	734	740	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28049831	741	753	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28049831	757	770	amacrine cell	T025	C0229216
28049831	794	826	Zn(2+) transporter protein ZnT-3	T116,T123	C1447468
28049831	832	840	deletion	T045	C0017260
28049831	844	851	slc30a3	T028	C1420180
28049831	857	861	gene	T028	C0017337
28049831	862	870	encoding	T052	C2700640
28049831	871	876	ZnT-3	T116,T123	C1447468
28049831	878	886	promotes	T052	C0033414
28049831	887	890	RGC	T025	C0035316
28049831	891	899	survival	T043	C0007620
28049831	904	921	axon regeneration	T042	C1621980
28049831	923	945	Intravitreal injection	T169	C1554888
28049831	949	955	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28049831	956	965	chelators	T121,T130	C0007974
28049831	979	983	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28049831	987	994	survive	T043	C0007620
28049831	999	1005	months	T079	C0439231
28049831	1012	1024	nerve injury	T037	C0161479
28049831	1029	1039	regenerate	T169	C0334213
28049831	1040	1045	axons	T026	C0004461
28049831	1051	1059	enhances	T052	C2349975
28049831	1064	1075	prosurvival	T043	C0007620
28049831	1080	1092	regenerative	T043	C0027756
28049831	1093	1100	effects	T080	C1280500
28049831	1104	1121	deleting the gene	T045	C0017260
28049831	1126	1156	phosphatase and tensin homolog	T116,T126	C1430988
28049831	1158	1162	pten	T116,T126	C1430988
28049831	1182	1200	therapeutic window	T081	C0678793
28049831	1205	1211	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28049831	1212	1221	chelation	T044	C3537131
28049831	1234	1246	several days	T033	C3845714
28049831	1253	1265	nerve injury	T037	C0161479
28049831	1291	1298	retinal	T023	C0035298
28049831	1299	1305	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28049831	1306	1319	dysregulation	T038	C3714634
28049831	1351	1359	survival	T043	C0007620
28049831	1364	1376	regenerative	T043	C0027756
28049831	1377	1385	capacity	T081	C1516240
28049831	1389	1396	injured	T037	C0161479
28049831	1397	1401	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28049831	1416	1422	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28049831	1423	1432	chelation	T044	C3537131
28049831	1450	1457	promote	T052	C0033414
28049831	1468	1471	RGC	T025	C0035316
28049831	1472	1482	protection	T033	C1545588
28049831	1487	1494	enhance	T052	C2349975
28049831	1495	1512	axon regeneration	T042	C1621980

28050352|t|Morphometric Study of Pancreas in Human Fetuses
28050352|a|The pancreas arises from the endoderm as a dorsal and a ventral bud which fuse together to form the single organ. It extends transversely across the posterior abdominal wall from the duodenum to the spleen. Functionally, it is endocrine and exocrine. This study was undertaken to study the morphometry of human pancreas at different gestational age groups of normal, still born fetuses. Forty aborted human fetuses (25 male and 15 female) of 12-40 weeks gestational age with no obvious congenital abnormality were obtained. The fetuses were dissected and pancreas was removed. The length and weight of the pancreas as well as height of its head were noted. It was observed that there was increase in body weight and crown rump length with increasing gestational age. The average length of pancreas was 1.80 cm in 12(th) week and 4.70 cm in 40(th) week of gestation. The average height of pancreas head was 0.80 cm in the 12(th) and 2.70 cm in 40(th) week of gestation. The knowledge of development of pancreas helps in planning new therapeutic interventions in the treatment of various congenital and functional pancreatic anomalies.
28050352	0	18	Morphometric Study	T059	C0200760
28050352	22	30	Pancreas	T023	C0030274
28050352	34	39	Human	T016	C0086418
28050352	40	47	Fetuses	T018	C0015965
28050352	52	60	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28050352	77	85	endoderm	T018	C0014144
28050352	91	97	dorsal	T018	C1283974
28050352	104	115	ventral bud	T018	C1283976
28050352	122	135	fuse together	T169	C0699952
28050352	155	160	organ	T023	C0178784
28050352	165	172	extends	T082	C0439792
28050352	173	185	transversely	T082	C0205106
28050352	197	221	posterior abdominal wall	T029	C0230194
28050352	231	239	duodenum	T023	C0013303
28050352	247	253	spleen	T023	C0037993
28050352	255	267	Functionally	T042	C1254358
28050352	275	284	endocrine	T022	C0014136
28050352	289	297	exocrine	T022	C1516995
28050352	304	309	study	T062	C2603343
28050352	338	349	morphometry	T059	C0200760
28050352	353	358	human	T016	C0086418
28050352	359	367	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28050352	371	380	different	T080	C1705242
28050352	381	396	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28050352	426	433	fetuses	T018	C0015965
28050352	441	462	aborted human fetuses	T018	C0000781
28050352	467	471	male	T032	C0086582
28050352	479	485	female	T032	C0086287
28050352	496	501	weeks	T033	C0460089
28050352	502	517	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28050352	523	525	no	T033	C1513916
28050352	534	556	congenital abnormality	T019	C0000768
28050352	576	583	fetuses	T018	C0015965
28050352	603	611	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28050352	654	662	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28050352	674	692	height of its head	T032	C0489786
28050352	736	759	increase in body weight	T033	C0043094
28050352	764	781	crown rump length	T201	C2825540
28050352	787	797	increasing	T169	C0442808
28050352	798	813	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28050352	819	826	average	T081	C1510992
28050352	827	833	length	T081	C1444754
28050352	837	845	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28050352	868	872	week	T033	C0460089
28050352	895	912	week of gestation	T033	C0460089
28050352	918	925	average	T081	C1510992
28050352	926	932	height	T032	C0489786
28050352	936	944	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28050352	998	1015	week of gestation	T033	C0460089
28050352	1034	1057	development of pancreas	T038	C1523495
28050352	1080	1105	therapeutic interventions	T061	C0808232
28050352	1113	1122	treatment	T061	C0087111
28050352	1134	1144	congenital	T019	C0000768
28050352	1149	1180	functional pancreatic anomalies	T019	C0000768

28050680|t|Combined social and private health insurance versus catastrophic out of pocket payments for private hospital care in Greece
28050680|a|The high level of out of pocket (OOP) payments constitutes a major concern for Greece and several other European and OECD countries as a result of the significant down turning of their public health finances due to the 2008 financial crisis. The basic objective of this study is to provide empirical evidence on the effect of combining social health insurance (SHI) and private health insurance (PHI) on OOP payments. Further, this study examines the catastrophic impact of OOP payments on insured's welfare using the incidence and intensity methodological approach of measuring catastrophic health care expenditures. Conducting a cross-sectional survey in Greece in 2013, we find that the combination of SHI-PHI has a strong negative influence on insured OOP payments for inpatient health care in private hospitals. Furthermore, our results indicate that SHI coverage is not sufficient by itself to manage with this issue. Moreover, we find that poor people present a greater tendency to incur catastrophic OOP expenditures for hospital health care in private providers. Drawing evidence from Greece, a country with huge fiscal problems that has suffered the consequences of the economic crisis more than any other, could be a starting point for policymakers to consider the perspective of SHI-PHI co-operation against OOP payments more seriously.
28050680	0	8	Combined	T080	C0205195
28050680	9	15	social	T058	C0021682
28050680	20	44	private health insurance	T058	C2347682
28050680	52	64	catastrophic	T080	C3827840
28050680	65	87	out of pocket payments	T081	C3815933
28050680	92	113	private hospital care	T073,T093	C0033173
28050680	117	123	Greece	T083	C0018226
28050680	128	132	high	T080	C0205250
28050680	133	138	level	T080	C0441889
28050680	142	170	out of pocket (OOP) payments	T081	C3815933
28050680	203	209	Greece	T083	C0018226
28050680	228	236	European	T083	C0015176
28050680	241	245	OECD	T093	C3850013
28050680	246	255	countries	T083	C0454664
28050680	261	267	result	T169	C1274040
28050680	275	299	significant down turning	T080	C3854147
28050680	309	322	public health	T078	C0018684
28050680	323	331	finances	T057	C0149692
28050680	348	364	financial crisis	T033	C4062385
28050680	394	399	study	T062	C2603343
28050680	414	423	empirical	T062	C0376367
28050680	424	432	evidence	T078	C3887511
28050680	440	446	effect	T080	C1280500
28050680	450	459	combining	T080	C0205195
28050680	460	483	social health insurance	T058	C0021682
28050680	485	488	SHI	T058	C0021682
28050680	494	518	private health insurance	T058	C2347682
28050680	520	523	PHI	T058	C2347682
28050680	528	540	OOP payments	T081	C3815933
28050680	556	561	study	T062	C2603343
28050680	575	587	catastrophic	T080	C3827840
28050680	588	594	impact	T080	C4049986
28050680	598	610	OOP payments	T081	C3815933
28050680	614	623	insured's	T033	C3242677
28050680	624	631	welfare	T041	C1331418
28050680	642	651	incidence	T081	C0021149
28050680	656	689	intensity methodological approach	T078	C3266812
28050680	693	702	measuring	T080	C0444706
28050680	703	715	catastrophic	T080	C3827840
28050680	716	727	health care	T058	C0086388
28050680	728	740	expenditures	T081	C0015316
28050680	755	777	cross-sectional survey	T062	C0010362
28050680	781	787	Greece	T083	C0018226
28050680	800	804	find	T033	C0243095
28050680	814	825	combination	T080	C0205195
28050680	829	836	SHI-PHI	T058	C0021682
28050680	850	858	negative	T033	C0205160
28050680	859	868	influence	T077	C4054723
28050680	872	879	insured	T033	C3242677
28050680	880	892	OOP payments	T081	C3815933
28050680	897	906	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28050680	907	918	health care	T058	C0086388
28050680	922	939	private hospitals	T073,T093	C0033173
28050680	958	965	results	T169	C1274040
28050680	980	983	SHI	T058	C0021682
28050680	984	992	coverage	T078	C0376629
28050680	996	1010	not sufficient	T080	C0205410
28050680	1024	1046	manage with this issue	T033	C0033213
28050680	1061	1065	find	T033	C0243095
28050680	1071	1075	poor	T102	C0032854
28050680	1076	1082	people	T098	C0027361
28050680	1093	1100	greater	T081	C1704243
28050680	1119	1131	catastrophic	T080	C3827840
28050680	1132	1148	OOP expenditures	T081	C3815933
28050680	1153	1173	hospital health care	T058	C0086388
28050680	1177	1194	private providers	T073,T093	C0033173
28050680	1204	1212	evidence	T078	C3887511
28050680	1218	1224	Greece	T083	C0018226
28050680	1228	1235	country	T083	C0454664
28050680	1246	1261	fiscal problems	T033	C0549106
28050680	1271	1279	suffered	T033	C0231303
28050680	1304	1319	economic crisis	T033	C4062385
28050680	1371	1383	policymakers	T064	C0032370
28050680	1415	1422	SHI-PHI	T058	C0021682
28050680	1423	1435	co-operation	T064	C2350579
28050680	1444	1456	OOP payments	T081	C3815933
28050680	1462	1471	seriously	T080	C0205404

28050885|t|Results of an International Postmarketing Surveillance Study of pl-VEGF165 Safety and Efficacy in 210 Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease
28050885|a|The effective treatment of chronic lower limb ischemia is one of the most challenging issues confronting vascular surgeons. Current pharmacological therapies play an auxiliary role and cannot prevent disease progression, and new treatment methods are needed. pl-VEGF165, a gene therapy drug, was approved in Russia for the treatment of atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) after clinical studies in 2011. The study drug is an original gene construction in which pl-VEGF165 1.2 mg is the active substance. This postmarketing surveillance study was undertaken to evaluate the safety (identification of uncommon side effects) and efficacy of gene therapy in patients in routine clinical practice. In total, 210 patients with stage II-III chronic limb ischemia (according to the Fontaine classification modified by AV Pokrovsky) in 33 healthcare facilities in Russia and the Ukraine were enrolled in the study. The control group (n = 60) received conservative therapy without prostaglandins and prostacyclins, and the treatment group (n = 150) received treatment with pl-VEGF165 as two intramuscular injections for a total dose of 2.4 mg. Pain-free walking distance (PWD) (the primary efficacy criterion for Fontaine stages II-III), blood flow linear velocity (BFLV), and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were monitored for 6 months. The safety of pl-VEGF165 gene transfer in terms of the trial protocol was initially evaluated 6 months after the start of the study; adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs) were recorded during both routine visits and unscheduled requests for medical care. Overall, PWD increased by 177%, from 100.3 ± 6.9 to 277.1 ± 16.2 m (p = 0.0001), in the treatment group, whereas the mean value was unchanged in the control group (p = 0.218). Both BFLV and ABI values increased by 24% (p = 0.0001) in the treatment group but decreased in the control group. The greatest therapeutic effect was observed for stage III disease: PWD increased by 683% (p = 0.0001). No angiogenic therapy -related AEs or side effects were recorded, and target limb salvage was 96 and 97% in the treatment and control groups, respectively. The results obtained in this study are not significantly different from those observed in the phase IIb / III registration clinical study completed in 2011. pl-VEGF165 intramuscular gene transfer is an effective treatment for moderate to severe claudication due to chronic lower limb ischemia in routine clinical practice. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02369809.
28050885	0	7	Results	T169	C1274040
28050885	14	60	International Postmarketing Surveillance Study	T062	C0033267
28050885	64	74	pl-VEGF165	T121	C1254351
28050885	75	81	Safety	T068	C0036043
28050885	86	94	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28050885	102	110	Patients	T101	C0030705
28050885	116	143	Peripheral Arterial Disease	T047	C1704436
28050885	158	167	treatment	T061	C0087111
28050885	171	178	chronic	T079	C0205191
28050885	179	189	lower limb	T023	C0023216
28050885	190	198	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28050885	249	266	vascular surgeons	T097	C0586909
28050885	276	291	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28050885	292	301	therapies	T061	C0087111
28050885	344	363	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28050885	373	390	treatment methods	T061	C0087111
28050885	403	413	pl-VEGF165	T121	C1254351
28050885	417	429	gene therapy	T061	C0017296
28050885	430	434	drug	T121	C1254351
28050885	452	458	Russia	T083	C0035970
28050885	467	476	treatment	T061	C0087111
28050885	480	495	atherosclerotic	T169	C0333482
28050885	496	523	peripheral arterial disease	T047	C1704436
28050885	525	528	PAD	T047	C1704436
28050885	536	552	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
28050885	566	571	study	T062	C2603343
28050885	572	576	drug	T121	C1254351
28050885	592	609	gene construction	T114	C0012931
28050885	619	629	pl-VEGF165	T121	C1254351
28050885	644	660	active substance	T123	C0574031
28050885	667	699	postmarketing surveillance study	T062	C0033267
28050885	731	737	safety	T068	C0036043
28050885	766	778	side effects	T046	C0879626
28050885	784	792	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28050885	796	808	gene therapy	T061	C0017296
28050885	812	820	patients	T101	C0030705
28050885	832	849	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
28050885	865	873	patients	T101	C0030705
28050885	879	891	stage II-III	T079	C1306673
28050885	892	899	chronic	T079	C0205191
28050885	900	904	limb	T023	C0015385
28050885	905	913	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28050885	932	955	Fontaine classification	T170	C0282574
28050885	988	1009	healthcare facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
28050885	1013	1019	Russia	T083	C0035970
28050885	1028	1035	Ukraine	T083	C0041580
28050885	1057	1062	study	T062	C2603343
28050885	1068	1081	control group	T096	C0009932
28050885	1100	1120	conservative therapy	T061	C0459914
28050885	1129	1143	prostaglandins	T109,T121,T125	C0033554
28050885	1148	1161	prostacyclins	T109,T121	C0205911
28050885	1171	1186	treatment group	T098	C1257890
28050885	1206	1215	treatment	T061	C0087111
28050885	1221	1231	pl-VEGF165	T121	C1254351
28050885	1239	1263	intramuscular injections	T169	C0021492
28050885	1276	1280	dose	T081	C0178602
28050885	1292	1318	Pain-free walking distance	T033	C0243095
28050885	1320	1323	PWD	T033	C0243095
28050885	1338	1346	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28050885	1361	1369	Fontaine	T170	C0282574
28050885	1370	1383	stages II-III	T079	C1306673
28050885	1386	1412	blood flow linear velocity	T033	C0243095
28050885	1414	1418	BFLV	T033	C0243095
28050885	1425	1445	ankle-brachial index	T201	C1328319
28050885	1447	1450	ABI	T201	C1328319
28050885	1473	1479	months	T079	C0439231
28050885	1485	1491	safety	T068	C0036043
28050885	1495	1505	pl-VEGF165	T121	C1254351
28050885	1506	1519	gene transfer	T063	C1517499
28050885	1536	1550	trial protocol	T062	C4255259
28050885	1577	1583	months	T079	C0439231
28050885	1614	1628	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28050885	1630	1633	AEs	T046	C0877248
28050885	1639	1661	serious adverse events	T046	C0877248
28050885	1663	1667	SAEs	T046	C0877248
28050885	1703	1709	visits	T058	C0008952
28050885	1739	1751	medical care	T058	C3825410
28050885	1762	1765	PWD	T033	C0243095
28050885	1841	1856	treatment group	T098	C1257890
28050885	1870	1874	mean	T081	C0444504
28050885	1902	1915	control group	T096	C0009932
28050885	1934	1938	BFLV	T033	C0243095
28050885	1943	1953	ABI values	T201	C1328319
28050885	1991	2006	treatment group	T098	C1257890
28050885	2028	2041	control group	T096	C0009932
28050885	2056	2074	therapeutic effect	T201	C1527144
28050885	2092	2101	stage III	T080	C0205578
28050885	2102	2109	disease	T047	C0012634
28050885	2111	2114	PWD	T033	C0243095
28050885	2147	2149	No	T033	C1513916
28050885	2150	2168	angiogenic therapy	T061	C0087111
28050885	2178	2181	AEs	T046	C0877248
28050885	2185	2197	side effects	T046	C0879626
28050885	2224	2236	limb salvage	T061	C0949591
28050885	2259	2268	treatment	T098	C1257890
28050885	2273	2287	control groups	T096	C0009932
28050885	2307	2314	results	T169	C1274040
28050885	2332	2337	study	T062	C2603343
28050885	2397	2406	phase IIb	T062	C1706096
28050885	2409	2412	III	T062	C0282461
28050885	2426	2440	clinical study	T062	C0008972
28050885	2460	2470	pl-VEGF165	T121	C1254351
28050885	2471	2484	intramuscular	T082	C0442117
28050885	2485	2498	gene transfer	T063	C1517499
28050885	2515	2524	treatment	T061	C0087111
28050885	2548	2560	claudication	T047	C1456822
28050885	2568	2575	chronic	T079	C0205191
28050885	2576	2586	lower limb	T023	C0023216
28050885	2587	2595	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28050885	2607	2624	clinical practice	T057	C0205897

28051263|t|Psychological factors associated with NAFLD / NASH: a systematic review
28051263|a|Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. So far, the pathogenesis of NAFLD and its more severe variant nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is yet unclear, with many mechanisms being proposed as possible causes. This article aims to review the psychological factors associated with NAFLD / NASH. Three main categories of factors have been investigated: emotional, cognitive and behavioral. Five electronic databases were searched, limited to studies published in the English language, during the period 2005-2015: PubMed, Thomson ISI - Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and ScienceDirect. Results indicated the most relevant emotional factors to be depression and anxiety. The areas of investigation for cognitive functioning concern those contents and processes related to the ability to initiate and maintain lifestyle changes. The most important behavioral factors identified are physical activity, nutrition / food intake and substance consumption: coffee, alcohol, cigarettes. Some of the factors identified act as protective factors, other as vulnerability factors. NAFLD / NASH may be considered a cognitive-behavioral disease, the most effective management being lifestyle changes, with emphasis on diet and exercise.
28051263	0	21	Psychological factors	T041	C0033898
28051263	22	37	associated with	T080	C0332281
28051263	38	43	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28051263	46	50	NASH	T047	C3241937
28051263	54	71	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28051263	72	104	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease	T047	C0400966
28051263	106	111	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28051263	147	169	chronic liver diseases	T047	C0341439
28051263	193	205	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28051263	209	214	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28051263	228	234	severe	T080	C0205082
28051263	243	271	nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	T047	C3241937
28051263	273	277	NASH	T047	C3241937
28051263	305	315	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28051263	372	378	review	T078	C1552617
28051263	383	404	psychological factors	T041	C0033898
28051263	405	420	associated with	T080	C0332281
28051263	421	426	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28051263	429	433	NASH	T047	C3241937
28051263	460	467	factors	T169	C1521761
28051263	478	490	investigated	T169	C1292732
28051263	492	501	emotional	T033	C0849912
28051263	503	512	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28051263	517	527	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28051263	534	554	electronic databases	T170	C3841595
28051263	606	622	English language	T171	C0376245
28051263	635	641	period	T079	C1948053
28051263	653	659	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28051263	661	689	Thomson ISI - Web of Science	T170	C0242356
28051263	691	697	Scopus	T170	C0242356
28051263	699	707	ProQuest	T170	C0242356
28051263	713	726	ScienceDirect	T170	C0242356
28051263	764	773	emotional	T033	C0849912
28051263	774	781	factors	T169	C1521761
28051263	788	798	depression	T048	C0011570
28051263	803	810	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28051263	825	838	investigation	T169	C1292732
28051263	843	864	cognitive functioning	T041	C0392335
28051263	879	887	contents	T077	C0456205
28051263	892	901	processes	T067	C1522240
28051263	928	936	initiate	T169	C1704686
28051263	950	967	lifestyle changes	T054	C0870811
28051263	988	998	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28051263	999	1006	factors	T169	C1521761
28051263	1022	1039	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28051263	1041	1050	nutrition	T040	C1442959
28051263	1053	1064	food intake	T040	C0013470
28051263	1069	1078	substance	T167	C0439861
28051263	1079	1090	consumption	T039	C1947907
28051263	1092	1098	coffee	T168	C0009237
28051263	1100	1107	alcohol	T168	C0001967
28051263	1109	1119	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28051263	1133	1140	factors	T169	C1521761
28051263	1159	1177	protective factors	T055	C0679688
28051263	1188	1209	vulnerability factors	T033	C0035648
28051263	1211	1216	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28051263	1219	1223	NASH	T047	C3241937
28051263	1244	1272	cognitive-behavioral disease	T048	C0556006
28051263	1293	1303	management	T058	C0376636
28051263	1310	1327	lifestyle changes	T054	C0870811
28051263	1346	1350	diet	T168	C0012155
28051263	1355	1363	exercise	T056	C0015259

28051306|t|H2O2 -Responsive Vesicles Integrated with Transcutaneous Patches for Glucose -Mediated Insulin Delivery
28051306|a|A self-regulated "smart" insulin administration system would be highly desirable for diabetes management. Here, a glucose -responsive insulin delivery device, which integrates H2O2 -responsive polymeric vesicles (PVs) with a transcutaneous microneedle -array patch was prepared to achieve a fast response, excellent biocompatibility, and painless administration. The PVs are self-assembled from block copolymer incorporated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and phenylboronic ester (PBE)- conjugated polyserine (designated mPEG-b-P(Ser-PBE)) and loaded with glucose oxidase (GOx) and insulin. The polymeric vesicles function as both moieties of the glucose sensing element (GOx) and the insulin release actuator to provide basal insulin release as well as promote insulin release in response to hyperglycemic states. In the current study, insulin release responds quickly to elevated glucose and its kinetics can be modulated by adjusting the concentration of GOx loaded into the microneedles. In vivo testing indicates that a single patch can regulate glucose levels effectively with reduced risk of hypoglycemia.
28051306	0	4	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28051306	17	25	Vesicles	T026	C1622418
28051306	42	56	Transcutaneous	T061	C0443325
28051306	57	64	Patches	T122	C1707974
28051306	69	76	Glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28051306	87	94	Insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28051306	95	103	Delivery	T169	C1705822
28051306	106	120	self-regulated	T033	C0243095
28051306	129	136	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28051306	137	158	administration system	T057	C3242277
28051306	175	184	desirable	T080	C0205556
28051306	189	208	diabetes management	T061	C0948092
28051306	218	225	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28051306	238	261	insulin delivery device	T074	C1650879
28051306	280	284	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28051306	297	315	polymeric vesicles	T074	C1720563
28051306	317	320	PVs	T074	C1720563
28051306	329	343	transcutaneous	T061	C0443325
28051306	344	355	microneedle	T074	C0025080
28051306	363	368	patch	T122	C1707974
28051306	395	408	fast response	T201	C0521982
28051306	420	436	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28051306	442	450	painless	T169	C0234226
28051306	451	465	administration	T061	C1533734
28051306	471	474	PVs	T074	C1720563
28051306	479	493	self-assembled	T044	C0872376
28051306	499	514	block copolymer	T104	C0596383
28051306	533	552	polyethylene glycol	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
28051306	554	557	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
28051306	563	582	phenylboronic ester	T109	C0014898
28051306	584	587	PBE	T109	C0014898
28051306	590	600	conjugated	T082	C0522529
28051306	601	611	polyserine	T116	C0163553
28051306	624	641	mPEG-b-P(Ser-PBE)	T122	C0005479
28051306	659	674	glucose oxidase	T116,T126	C0017735
28051306	676	679	GOx	T116,T126	C0017735
28051306	685	692	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28051306	698	716	polymeric vesicles	T074	C1720563
28051306	734	742	moieties	T120	C1552018
28051306	750	773	glucose sensing element	T116,T126	C0017735
28051306	775	778	GOx	T116,T126	C0017735
28051306	788	795	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28051306	796	803	release	T169	C1283071
28051306	804	812	actuator	T073	C1706706
28051306	824	829	basal	T082	C0205112
28051306	830	837	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28051306	838	845	release	T169	C1283071
28051306	865	872	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28051306	873	880	release	T169	C1283071
28051306	896	916	hyperglycemic states	T047	C0020456
28051306	940	947	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28051306	948	955	release	T169	C1283071
28051306	976	992	elevated glucose	T033	C0495706
28051306	1001	1009	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28051306	1017	1026	modulated	T082	C0443264
28051306	1044	1057	concentration	T081	C1446561
28051306	1061	1064	GOx	T116,T126	C0017735
28051306	1081	1093	microneedles	T074	C0025080
28051306	1095	1102	In vivo	T082	C1515655
28051306	1103	1110	testing	T169	C0039593
28051306	1135	1140	patch	T122	C1707974
28051306	1154	1168	glucose levels	T034	C0428548
28051306	1186	1193	reduced	T080	C0392756
28051306	1194	1198	risk	T078	C0035647
28051306	1202	1214	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615

28051899|t|Serious Games for Health: The Potential of Metadata
28051899|a|Numerous serious games and health games exist, either as commercial products (typically with a focus on entertaining a broad user group) or smaller games and game prototypes, often resulting from research projects (typically tailored to a smaller user group with a specific health characteristic). A major drawback of existing health games is that they are not very well described and attributed with (machine -readable, quantitative, and qualitative) metadata such as the characterizing goal of the game, the target user group, or expected health effects well proven in scientific studies. This makes it difficult or even impossible for end users to find and select the most appropriate game for a specific situation (e.g., health needs). Therefore, the aim of this article was to motivate the need and potential / benefit of metadata for the description and retrieval of health games and to describe a descriptive model for the qualitative description of games for health. It was not the aim of the article to describe a stable, running system (portal) for health games. This will be addressed in future work. Building on previous work toward a metadata format for serious games, a descriptive model for the formal description of games for health is introduced. For the conceptualization of this model, classification schemata of different existing health game repositories are considered. The classification schema consists of three levels: a core set of mandatory descriptive fields relevant for all games for health application areas, a detailed level with more comprehensive, optional information about the games, and so-called extension as level three with specific descriptive elements relevant for dedicated health games application areas, for example, cardio training. A metadata format provides a technical framework to describe, find, and select appropriate health games matching the needs of the end user. Future steps to improve, apply, and promote the metadata format in the health games market are discussed.
28051899	8	13	Games	T056	C0150593
28051899	18	24	Health	T078	C0018684
28051899	30	39	Potential	T080	C3245505
28051899	43	51	Metadata	T170	C1708992
28051899	69	74	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	79	85	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	86	91	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	109	128	commercial products	T073	C1547887
28051899	177	187	user group	T098	C1705429
28051899	200	205	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	210	214	game	T056	C0150593
28051899	248	265	research projects	T062	C0700032
28051899	299	309	user group	T098	C1705429
28051899	326	332	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	333	347	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28051899	379	385	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	386	391	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	454	461	machine	T073	C0336779
28051899	473	485	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28051899	491	502	qualitative	T080	C0205556
28051899	504	512	metadata	T170	C1708992
28051899	525	539	characterizing	T052	C1880022
28051899	540	544	goal	T170	C0018017
28051899	552	556	game	T056	C0150593
28051899	562	568	target	T169	C1521840
28051899	569	579	user group	T098	C1705429
28051899	593	599	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	600	607	effects	T080	C1280500
28051899	623	641	scientific studies	T059	C0947630
28051899	690	699	end users	T098	C1706077
28051899	740	744	game	T056	C0150593
28051899	760	769	situation	T080	C0018759
28051899	777	783	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	784	789	needs	T080	C0027552
28051899	807	810	aim	T078	C1947946
28051899	819	826	article	T170	C1706852
28051899	847	851	need	T080	C0027552
28051899	856	865	potential	T080	C3245505
28051899	868	875	benefit	T081	C0814225
28051899	879	887	metadata	T170	C1708992
28051899	896	907	description	T170	C0678257
28051899	925	931	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	932	937	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	968	973	model	T170	C3161035
28051899	982	993	qualitative	T080	C0205556
28051899	994	1005	description	T170	C0678257
28051899	1009	1014	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	1019	1025	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	1042	1045	aim	T078	C1947946
28051899	1053	1060	article	T170	C1706852
28051899	1111	1117	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	1118	1123	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	1158	1162	work	T057	C0043227
28051899	1185	1189	work	T057	C0043227
28051899	1199	1207	metadata	T170	C1708992
28051899	1208	1214	format	T170	C1301627
28051899	1227	1232	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	1248	1253	model	T170	C3161035
28051899	1269	1280	description	T170	C0678257
28051899	1284	1289	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	1294	1300	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	1324	1341	conceptualization	T077	C1706427
28051899	1350	1355	model	T170	C3161035
28051899	1357	1371	classification	T185	C0008902
28051899	1372	1380	schemata	T170	C0871287
28051899	1403	1409	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	1410	1414	game	T056	C0150593
28051899	1415	1427	repositories	T073	C3847505
28051899	1448	1462	classification	T185	C0008902
28051899	1463	1469	schema	T170	C0871287
28051899	1488	1494	levels	T080	C0441889
28051899	1498	1502	core	T082	C0444669
28051899	1556	1561	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	1566	1572	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	1573	1584	application	T169	C4048755
28051899	1603	1608	level	T080	C0441889
28051899	1619	1632	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28051899	1665	1670	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	1699	1704	level	T080	C0441889
28051899	1769	1775	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	1776	1781	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	1782	1793	application	T169	C4048755
28051899	1814	1820	cardio	T023	C0018787
28051899	1821	1829	training	T065	C0220931
28051899	1833	1841	metadata	T170	C1708992
28051899	1842	1848	format	T170	C1301627
28051899	1860	1869	technical	T169	C0449851
28051899	1922	1928	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	1929	1934	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	1948	1953	needs	T080	C0027552
28051899	1965	1969	user	T098	C1705429
28051899	2019	2027	metadata	T170	C1708992
28051899	2028	2034	format	T170	C1301627
28051899	2042	2048	health	T078	C0018684
28051899	2049	2054	games	T056	C0150593
28051899	2055	2061	market	T169	C0525052

28052194|t|Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Food and Human Dietary Intake: A Review of the Recent Scientific Literature
28052194|a|Because of the important environmental presence and the potential human toxicity of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), in recent years the social and scientific interest in these compounds has notably increased. Special attention has been paid to perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), the most extensively investigated PFASs. Although human exposure to PFASs may occur through different pathways, dietary intake seems to be the main route of exposure to these compounds. In 2012, we published a wide revision on the state of the science regarding the concentrations of PFASs in foodstuffs, the human dietary exposure to these compounds, and their health risks. In the present review, we have updated the information recently (2011-2016) published in the scientific literature. As in our previous review, we have also observed considerable differences in the PFASs detected -and their concentrations -in the food items analyzed in samples from a number of regions and countries. However, fish and other seafood seem to be the food group in which more PFASs are detected and where the concentrations of these compounds are higher. On the basis of the recommendations of the EFSA on the maximum dietary intakes of PFOS and PFOA, human health risks would not be of concern for nonoccupationally exposed populations, at least in the very limited countries for which recent data are available.
28052194	0	4	Per-	T109,T121	C0359181
28052194	9	35	Polyfluoroalkyl Substances	T131	C1254354
28052194	37	42	PFASs	T131	C1254354
28052194	47	51	Food	T168	C0016452
28052194	56	61	Human	T016	C0086418
28052194	62	76	Dietary Intake	T040	C1286104
28052194	80	86	Review	T170	C0282443
28052194	101	122	Scientific Literature	T170	C1704324
28052194	148	161	environmental	T082	C0014406
28052194	162	170	presence	T080	C3854307
28052194	179	188	potential	T080	C3245505
28052194	189	194	human	T016	C0086418
28052194	195	203	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28052194	207	211	per-	T109,T121	C0359181
28052194	216	248	polyfluorinated alkyl substances	T131	C1254354
28052194	250	255	PFASs	T131	C1254354
28052194	268	273	years	T079	C0439234
28052194	278	284	social	T169	C0728831
28052194	289	299	scientific	T062	C0683933
28052194	300	308	interest	T041	C0543488
28052194	318	327	compounds	T131	C1254354
28052194	340	349	increased	T081	C0205217
28052194	386	410	perfluorooctanesulfonate	T109,T121	C1872584
28052194	412	416	PFOS	T109,T121	C1872584
28052194	422	444	perfluorooctanoic acid	T109	C0070403
28052194	446	450	PFOA	T109	C0070403
28052194	474	486	investigated	T169	C1292732
28052194	487	492	PFASs	T131	C1254354
28052194	503	508	human	T016	C0086418
28052194	509	520	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28052194	521	526	PFASs	T131	C1254354
28052194	555	563	pathways	T077	C1705987
28052194	565	579	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
28052194	610	621	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28052194	628	637	compounds	T131	C1254354
28052194	651	660	published	T057	C0034037
28052194	668	676	revision	T170	C0282443
28052194	697	704	science	T090	C0036397
28052194	719	733	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28052194	737	742	PFASs	T131	C1254354
28052194	746	756	foodstuffs	T168	C0016452
28052194	762	767	human	T016	C0086418
28052194	768	775	dietary	T168	C0012155
28052194	776	787	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28052194	794	803	compounds	T131	C1254354
28052194	815	821	health	T078	C0018684
28052194	822	827	risks	T078	C0035647
28052194	844	850	review	T170	C0282443
28052194	872	883	information	T078	C1533716
28052194	905	914	published	T057	C0034037
28052194	922	943	scientific literature	T170	C1704324
28052194	964	970	review	T170	C0282443
28052194	1026	1031	PFASs	T131	C1254354
28052194	1032	1040	detected	T033	C0442726
28052194	1052	1066	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28052194	1075	1079	food	T168	C0016452
28052194	1086	1094	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28052194	1098	1105	samples	T167	C0444315
28052194	1123	1130	regions	T083	C0017446
28052194	1135	1144	countries	T083	C0454664
28052194	1155	1159	fish	T013	C0016163
28052194	1170	1177	seafood	T168	C0206208
28052194	1193	1197	food	T168	C0016452
28052194	1198	1203	group	T078	C0441833
28052194	1218	1223	PFASs	T131	C1254354
28052194	1228	1236	detected	T033	C0442726
28052194	1251	1265	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28052194	1275	1284	compounds	T131	C1254354
28052194	1317	1332	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28052194	1340	1344	EFSA	T093	C1708333
28052194	1360	1375	dietary intakes	T040	C1286104
28052194	1379	1383	PFOS	T109,T121	C1872584
28052194	1388	1392	PFOA	T109	C0070403
28052194	1394	1399	human	T016	C0086418
28052194	1400	1406	health	T078	C0018684
28052194	1407	1412	risks	T078	C0035647
28052194	1459	1466	exposed	T080	C0332157
28052194	1467	1478	populations	T098	C1257890
28052194	1509	1518	countries	T083	C0454664
28052194	1536	1540	data	T078	C1511726

28053186|t|AAV9 - NPC1 significantly ameliorates Purkinje cell death and behavioral abnormalities in mouse NPC disease
28053186|a|Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 gene. There is no effective way to treat NPC disease. In this study, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9 (AAV9) to deliver a functional NPC1 gene systemically into NPC1(-/-) mice at postnatal day 4. One single AAV9-NPC1 injection resulted in robust NPC1 expression in various tissues, including brain, heart, and lung. Strikingly, AAV9-mediated NPC1 delivery significantly promoted Purkinje cell survival, restored locomotor activity and coordination, and increased the lifespan of NPC1(-/-) mice. Our work suggests that AAV-based gene therapy is a promising means to treat NPC disease.
28053186	0	4	AAV9	T005	C1564874
28053186	7	11	NPC1	T028	C1417776
28053186	12	25	significantly	T078	C0750502
28053186	26	37	ameliorates	T033	C0243095
28053186	38	51	Purkinje cell	T025	C0034143
28053186	52	57	death	T043	C0007587
28053186	62	86	behavioral abnormalities	T048	C0233514
28053186	90	95	mouse	T015	C0025929
28053186	96	107	NPC disease	T047	C0220756
28053186	108	141	Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease	T047	C0220756
28053186	147	152	fatal	T080	C1302234
28053186	153	162	inherited	T169	C0439660
28053186	163	189	neurodegenerative disorder	T047	C0524851
28053186	200	216	loss-of-function	T033	C0243095
28053186	217	226	mutations	T045	C0026882
28053186	234	238	NPC1	T028	C1417776
28053186	242	251	NPC2 gene	T028	C1422736
28053186	282	287	treat	T169	C1292734
28053186	288	299	NPC disease	T047	C0220756
28053186	324	346	adeno-associated virus	T005	C1564874
28053186	348	351	AAV	T005	C1564874
28053186	353	363	serotype 9	T170	C0449943
28053186	365	369	AAV9	T005	C1564874
28053186	384	394	functional	T169	C0205245
28053186	395	404	NPC1 gene	T028	C1417776
28053186	405	417	systemically	T169	C0205373
28053186	423	432	NPC1(-/-)	T028	C1417776
28053186	433	437	mice	T015	C0206745
28053186	441	456	postnatal day 4	T061	C0419611
28053186	462	468	single	T081	C0205171
28053186	469	488	AAV9-NPC1 injection	T061	C0021485
28053186	501	507	robust	T080	C2986815
28053186	508	512	NPC1	T028	C1417776
28053186	513	523	expression	T045	C0017262
28053186	535	542	tissues	T024	C0040300
28053186	554	559	brain	T023	C0006104
28053186	561	566	heart	T023	C0018787
28053186	572	576	lung	T023	C0024109
28053186	590	603	AAV9-mediated	T054	C0086597
28053186	604	617	NPC1 delivery	T077	C1524066
28053186	618	631	significantly	T078	C0750502
28053186	632	640	promoted	T052	C0033414
28053186	641	654	Purkinje cell	T025	C0034143
28053186	655	663	survival	T052	C0038952
28053186	674	692	locomotor activity	T040	C0023946
28053186	697	709	coordination	T042	C0237543
28053186	715	724	increased	T081	C0205217
28053186	729	737	lifespan	T079	C1254367
28053186	741	750	NPC1(-/-)	T028	C1417776
28053186	751	755	mice	T015	C0206745
28053186	780	802	AAV-based gene therapy	T061	C0860404
28053186	827	832	treat	T169	C1292734
28053186	833	844	NPC disease	T047	C0220756

28053655|t|An investigation of fungal contamination on the surface of medicinal herbs in China
28053655|a|The dried parts of medicinal herbs are susceptible to the infection of fungi during p re- or post-harvest procedure. This study aimed to investigate the presence of fungi and their metabolites mycotoxins on the surface of medicinal herbs collected from China. Forty-five retail samples of 15 different medicinal herbs were collected from 3 different regions in China. Then the potential fungi were immediately washed off from the surface of each sample with 0.1% Tween-20 followed by incubation of the rinse on petri-dish with potato dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol at 28 °C. The obtained fungi were isolated as single colonies and then characterized by morphology and molecular identification using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing with extracted DNA. Meanwhile, the mycotoxin -producing potential of the isolates was studied by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS). A total of 126 fungi were identified from the surface of samples by morphology and ITS sequencing, with Aspergillus and Penicillium genera as the predominant contaminants. The mycotoxin -producing potential analysis showed that 6 of 8 A. versicolor isolates could produce sterigmatocystin. All 3 A. aculeatus isolates produced ochratoxin A, but only 1 of 3 A. flavus strains produced aflatoxins B1 and B2 without G1 and G2. Although the sample contamination ratios were high (≥95.6%), there was no significant difference (χ(2) = 1.05, P = 1.0) among the samples from 3 regions, which demonstrates the prevalent fungal contamination in the herbal medicines. The prevalent contamination phenomenon of fungi and high potential risk of sterigmatocystin and ochratoxin A were observed in 45 medicinal herbs collected from China.
28053655	3	16	investigation	T062	C0683933
28053655	20	40	fungal contamination	T033	C2609331
28053655	48	55	surface	T082	C0205148
28053655	59	74	medicinal herbs	T002	C0025125
28053655	78	83	China	T083	C0008115
28053655	88	93	dried	T080	C1512080
28053655	103	118	medicinal herbs	T002	C0025125
28053655	123	134	susceptible	T169	C0231204
28053655	142	151	infection	T046	C3714514
28053655	155	160	fungi	T004	C0016832
28053655	170	199	re- or post-harvest procedure	T052	C0441655
28053655	206	211	study	T062	C2603343
28053655	221	232	investigate	T062	C0683933
28053655	249	254	fungi	T004	C0016832
28053655	265	276	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28053655	277	287	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
28053655	295	302	surface	T082	C0205148
28053655	306	321	medicinal herbs	T002	C0025125
28053655	322	331	collected	T169	C1516698
28053655	337	342	China	T083	C0008115
28053655	362	369	samples	T081	C0033206
28053655	386	401	medicinal herbs	T002	C0025125
28053655	434	441	regions	T083	C0017446
28053655	445	450	China	T083	C0008115
28053655	471	476	fungi	T004	C0016832
28053655	494	500	washed	T078	C1548982
28053655	514	521	surface	T082	C0205148
28053655	530	536	sample	T081	C0033206
28053655	547	555	Tween-20	T109,T121	C0041415
28053655	568	578	incubation	T059	C0022885
28053655	586	591	rinse	T052	C1882955
28053655	595	605	petri-dish	T074	C1322960
28053655	611	631	potato dextrose agar	T130	C3266617
28053655	643	658	chloramphenicol	T109,T195	C0008168
28053655	682	687	fungi	T004	C0016832
28053655	693	701	isolated	T169	C0205409
28053655	712	720	colonies	T081	C0439158
28053655	747	757	morphology	T080	C0332437
28053655	762	786	molecular identification	T059	C0022885
28053655	793	837	internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing	T059	C1294197
28053655	853	856	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28053655	873	882	mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
28053655	911	919	isolates	T123	C1764827
28053655	935	981	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
28053655	983	988	LC-MS	T059	C4049918
28053655	991	993	MS	T059	C0037813
28053655	1011	1016	fungi	T004	C0016832
28053655	1042	1049	surface	T082	C0205148
28053655	1053	1060	samples	T081	C0033206
28053655	1064	1074	morphology	T080	C0332437
28053655	1079	1093	ITS sequencing	T059	C1294197
28053655	1100	1111	Aspergillus	T004	C0004034
28053655	1116	1127	Penicillium	T004	C0030843
28053655	1128	1134	genera	T185	C1708235
28053655	1154	1166	contaminants	T167	C2827365
28053655	1172	1181	mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
28053655	1231	1244	A. versicolor	T004	C0319924
28053655	1245	1253	isolates	T123	C1764827
28053655	1268	1284	sterigmatocystin	T109,T123,T131	C0038274
28053655	1292	1304	A. aculeatus	T004	C1080950
28053655	1305	1313	isolates	T123	C1764827
28053655	1323	1335	ochratoxin A	T109,T121	C0069299
28053655	1353	1362	A. flavus	T004	C0004036
28053655	1363	1370	strains	T080	C0456178
28053655	1380	1393	aflatoxins B1	T109,T131	C0085180
28053655	1398	1400	B2	T109,T123,T131	C0050929
28053655	1409	1411	G1	T109,T123,T131	C0050931
28053655	1416	1418	G2	T109,T123,T131	C0050932
28053655	1433	1439	sample	T081	C0033206
28053655	1440	1453	contamination	T033	C2609331
28053655	1550	1557	samples	T081	C0033206
28053655	1565	1572	regions	T083	C0017446
28053655	1607	1627	fungal contamination	T033	C2609331
28053655	1635	1651	herbal medicines	T121	C2240391
28053655	1667	1680	contamination	T033	C2609331
28053655	1695	1700	fungi	T004	C0016832
28053655	1720	1724	risk	T078	C0035647
28053655	1728	1744	sterigmatocystin	T109,T123,T131	C0038274
28053655	1749	1761	ochratoxin A	T109,T121	C0069299
28053655	1782	1797	medicinal herbs	T002	C0025125
28053655	1798	1807	collected	T169	C1516698
28053655	1813	1818	China	T083	C0008115

28053798|t|Cotard's Syndrome in a Patient with Schizophrenia: Case Report and Review of the Literature
28053798|a|Jules Cotard described, in 1880, the case of a patient characterized by delusions of negation, immortality, and guilt as well as melancholic anxiety among other clinical features. Later this constellation of symptoms was given the eponym Cotard's syndrome, going through a series of theoretical vicissitudes, considering itself currently as just the presence of nihilistic delusions. The presentation of the complete clinical features described by Cotard is a rare occurrence, especially in the context of schizophrenia. Here we present the case of a 50-year-old male patient with schizophrenia who developed Cotard's syndrome. The patient was treated with aripiprazole, showing improvement after two weeks of treatment. A review of the literature is performed about this case.
28053798	0	17	Cotard's Syndrome	T048	C1282921
28053798	23	30	Patient	T101	C0030705
28053798	36	49	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28053798	51	62	Case Report	T170	C0085973
28053798	67	73	Review	T078	C1552617
28053798	81	91	Literature	T170	C0023866
28053798	92	104	Jules Cotard	T016	C0086418
28053798	129	133	case	T077	C1706256
28053798	139	146	patient	T101	C0030705
28053798	164	185	delusions of negation	UnknownType	C0679472
28053798	187	198	immortality	T048	C0004936
28053798	204	209	guilt	T048	C0233684
28053798	221	240	melancholic anxiety	T048	C0025193
28053798	253	270	clinical features	T201	C0683325
28053798	283	296	constellation	T078	C0441833
28053798	300	308	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28053798	323	329	eponym	T170	C0014622
28053798	330	347	Cotard's syndrome	T048	C1282921
28053798	365	371	series	T081	C0205549
28053798	375	386	theoretical	T078	C0871935
28053798	387	399	vicissitudes	T078	C1515926
28053798	442	450	presence	T033	C0150312
28053798	454	474	nihilistic delusions	T048	C0233677
28053798	480	492	presentation	T078	C0449450
28053798	500	508	complete	T080	C0205197
28053798	509	526	clinical features	T201	C0683325
28053798	540	546	Cotard	T016	C0086418
28053798	552	556	rare	T080	C0522498
28053798	557	567	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28053798	598	611	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28053798	633	637	case	T077	C1706256
28053798	655	659	male	T098	C0025266
28053798	660	667	patient	T101	C0030705
28053798	673	686	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28053798	701	718	Cotard's syndrome	T048	C1282921
28053798	724	731	patient	T101	C0030705
28053798	736	748	treated with	T061	C0332293
28053798	749	761	aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
28053798	771	782	improvement	T077	C2986411
28053798	793	798	weeks	T079	C0439230
28053798	802	811	treatment	T061	C0087111
28053798	815	821	review	T078	C1552617
28053798	829	839	literature	T170	C0023866
28053798	843	852	performed	T169	C0884358
28053798	864	868	case	T077	C1706256

28054379|t|To wait or not to wait? Improving results when interviewing intoxicated witnesses to violence
28054379|a|Witnesses to violent crimes are often alcohol intoxicated, but few studies have investigated the impact of alcohol on witness reports. This study investigated how alcohol intoxication and time of interview affected reports of intimate partner violence (IPV). One hundred thirty six healthy men (N = 66) and women (N = 70) were randomized to an alcohol group (0.8g/kg for men, 0.75g/kg for women) (N = 70) or control group (N = 66), given juice. Participants consumed drinks in a laboratory setting before they witnessed an IPV scenario. Fifty percent of the intoxicated and sober participants were interviewed ten minutes after viewing the film and all participants were interviewed one week later. For the analyses, participants in the alcohol group were divided into two groups (moderately / highly intoxicated) based on their BAC-level. Ten minutes after viewing the event, highly (BAC = 0.08-0.15) intoxicated witnesses gave shorter, but as accurate, reports as moderately intoxicated / sober witnesses. All witnesses gave shorter and less accurate reports one week later compared to immediately after. However, an immediate interview increased completeness one week later. In general, time and high intoxication made witnesses give less detailed accounts of actions and verbal information, but not of objects. Highly intoxicated witnesses reported less actions and verbal information in all interviews, while information regarding objects was reported to a similar extent. At the present BAC-level, it is beneficial to conduct an immediate free recall interview with intoxicated witnesses to obtain a maximum amount of correct information and minimize the negative effect of time.
28054379	3	7	wait	T169	C1610166
28054379	18	22	wait	T169	C1610166
28054379	47	59	interviewing	T052	C0021822
28054379	60	71	intoxicated	T048	C0001969
28054379	72	81	witnesses	T098	C0682356
28054379	85	93	violence	T048	C0042693
28054379	94	103	Witnesses	T098	C0682356
28054379	107	121	violent crimes	T054	C0680472
28054379	132	151	alcohol intoxicated	T048	C0001969
28054379	174	186	investigated	T169	C1292732
28054379	191	208	impact of alcohol	UnknownType	C0680904
28054379	212	227	witness reports	T201	C4265456
28054379	240	252	investigated	T169	C1292732
28054379	257	277	alcohol intoxication	T048	C0001969
28054379	282	286	time	T079	C0040223
28054379	290	299	interview	T052	C0021822
28054379	309	316	reports	T201	C4265456
28054379	320	345	intimate partner violence	T053	C4042876
28054379	347	350	IPV	T053	C4042876
28054379	376	383	healthy	T080	C3898900
28054379	384	387	men	T098	C0025266
28054379	401	406	women	T098	C0043210
28054379	465	468	men	T098	C0025266
28054379	483	488	women	T098	C0043210
28054379	502	515	control group	T096	C0009932
28054379	532	537	juice	T168	C1268568
28054379	539	551	Participants	T098	C0679646
28054379	561	567	drinks	T168	C0001967
28054379	573	591	laboratory setting	T073,T093	C0022877
28054379	617	620	IPV	T053	C4042876
28054379	621	629	scenario	T169	C0683579
28054379	652	663	intoxicated	T048	C0001969
28054379	668	686	sober participants	T098	C0679646
28054379	692	703	interviewed	T052	C0021822
28054379	704	715	ten minutes	T079	C0439232
28054379	722	729	viewing	T041	C2371283
28054379	734	738	film	T073	C0681495
28054379	747	759	participants	T098	C0679646
28054379	777	785	one week	T079	C4082116
28054379	811	823	participants	T098	C0679646
28054379	831	838	alcohol	T048	C0001969
28054379	839	844	group	T078	C0441833
28054379	867	873	groups	T078	C0441833
28054379	875	885	moderately	T080	C0205081
28054379	888	894	highly	T080	C0205250
28054379	895	906	intoxicated	T048	C0001969
28054379	923	932	BAC-level	T034	C0428249
28054379	934	945	Ten minutes	T079	C0439232
28054379	952	959	viewing	T041	C2371283
28054379	964	969	event	T051	C0441471
28054379	979	982	BAC	T034	C0428249
28054379	996	1007	intoxicated	T048	C0001969
28054379	1008	1017	witnesses	T098	C0682356
28054379	1023	1030	shorter	T081	C1806781
28054379	1039	1047	accurate	T080	C0443131
28054379	1049	1056	reports	T201	C4265456
28054379	1060	1070	moderately	T080	C0205081
28054379	1071	1082	intoxicated	T048	C0001969
28054379	1091	1100	witnesses	T098	C0682356
28054379	1106	1115	witnesses	T098	C0682356
28054379	1121	1128	shorter	T081	C1806781
28054379	1133	1137	less	T080	C0547044
28054379	1138	1146	accurate	T080	C0443131
28054379	1147	1154	reports	T201	C4265456
28054379	1155	1163	one week	T079	C4082116
28054379	1213	1222	immediate	T079	C0205253
28054379	1223	1232	interview	T052	C0021822
28054379	1243	1255	completeness	T080	C0439812
28054379	1256	1264	one week	T079	C4082116
28054379	1284	1288	time	T079	C0040223
28054379	1298	1310	intoxication	T048	C0001969
28054379	1316	1325	witnesses	T098	C0682356
28054379	1331	1335	less	T080	C0547044
28054379	1336	1353	detailed accounts	T080	C1522508
28054379	1357	1364	actions	T052	C3266814
28054379	1369	1387	verbal information	T078	C1549471
28054379	1400	1407	objects	T072	C0347997
28054379	1416	1427	intoxicated	T048	C0001969
28054379	1428	1437	witnesses	T098	C0682356
28054379	1447	1451	less	T080	C0547044
28054379	1452	1459	actions	T052	C3266814
28054379	1464	1482	verbal information	T078	C1549471
28054379	1490	1500	interviews	T052	C0021822
28054379	1530	1537	objects	T072	C0347997
28054379	1587	1596	BAC-level	T034	C0428249
28054379	1629	1638	immediate	T079	C0205253
28054379	1644	1650	recall	T041	C0034770
28054379	1651	1660	interview	T052	C0021822
28054379	1666	1677	intoxicated	T048	C0001969
28054379	1678	1687	witnesses	T098	C0682356
28054379	1700	1707	maximum	T081	C0806909
28054379	1718	1725	correct	T080	C2349182
28054379	1726	1737	information	T078	C1533716
28054379	1742	1750	minimize	T081	C0547047
28054379	1755	1763	negative	T081	C0205216
28054379	1764	1770	effect	T080	C1280500
28054379	1774	1778	time	T079	C0040223

28054422|t|An approach to functionally relevant clustering of the protein universe: Active site profile-based clustering of protein structures and sequences
28054422|a|Protein function identification remains a significant problem. Solving this problem at the molecular functional level would allow mechanistic determinant identification- amino acids that distinguish details between functional families within a superfamily. Active site profiling was developed to identify mechanistic determinants. DASP and DASP2 were developed as tools to search sequence databases using active site profiling. Here, TuLIP (Two-Level Iterative clustering Process) is introduced as an iterative, divisive clustering process that utilizes active site profiling to separate structurally characterized superfamily members into functionally relevant clusters. Underlying TuLIP is the observation that functionally relevant families (curated by Structure-Function Linkage Database, SFLD) self-identify in DASP2 searches; clusters containing multiple functional families do not. Each TuLIP iteration produces candidate clusters, each evaluated to determine if it self-identifies using DASP2. If so, it is deemed a functionally relevant group. Divisive clustering continues until each structure is either a functionally relevant group member or a singlet. TuLIP is validated on enolase and glutathione transferase structures, superfamilies well-curated by SFLD. Correlation is strong; small numbers of structures prevent statistically significant analysis. TuLIP -identified enolase clusters are used in DASP2 GenBank searches to identify sequences sharing functional site features. Analysis shows a true positive rate of 96%, false negative rate of 4%, and maximum false positive rate of 4%. F-measure and performance analysis on the enolase search results and comparison to GEMMA and SCI-PHY demonstrate that TuLIP avoids the over-division problem of these methods. Mechanistic determinants for enolase families are evaluated and shown to correlate well with literature results.
28054422	37	47	clustering	T169	C1522242
28054422	55	71	protein universe	T116,T123	C0033684
28054422	73	109	Active site profile-based clustering	T169	C1522242
28054422	113	131	protein structures	T116	C1510464
28054422	136	145	sequences	T087	C0002518
28054422	146	162	Protein function	T044	C1527118
28054422	237	263	molecular functional level	T080	C0935587
28054422	316	327	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28054422	361	380	functional families	T078	C1254370
28054422	390	401	superfamily	T078	C1254370
28054422	403	424	Active site profiling	T062	C0242481
28054422	477	481	DASP	T170	C2348167
28054422	486	491	DASP2	T170	C2348167
28054422	526	544	sequence databases	T170	C0950141
28054422	551	572	active site profiling	T062	C0242481
28054422	580	585	TuLIP	T170	C0025663
28054422	587	625	Two-Level Iterative clustering Process	T170	C0025663
28054422	667	685	clustering process	T169	C1522242
28054422	700	721	active site profiling	T062	C0242481
28054422	761	772	superfamily	T078	C1254370
28054422	808	816	clusters	T081	C1704332
28054422	829	834	TuLIP	T170	C0025663
28054422	859	889	functionally relevant families	T078	C1254370
28054422	902	937	Structure-Function Linkage Database	T170	C0242356
28054422	939	943	SFLD	T170	C0242356
28054422	962	967	DASP2	T170	C2348167
28054422	978	986	clusters	T081	C1704332
28054422	998	1026	multiple functional families	T078	C1254370
28054422	1040	1045	TuLIP	T170	C0025663
28054422	1075	1083	clusters	T081	C1704332
28054422	1141	1146	DASP2	T170	C2348167
28054422	1170	1197	functionally relevant group	T078	C1254370
28054422	1208	1218	clustering	T169	C1522242
28054422	1262	1289	functionally relevant group	T078	C1254370
28054422	1311	1316	TuLIP	T170	C0025663
28054422	1333	1340	enolase	T116,T126	C0031691
28054422	1345	1368	glutathione transferase	T116,T126	C0017837
28054422	1369	1379	structures	T116,T126	C0596527
28054422	1381	1394	superfamilies	T078	C1254370
28054422	1411	1415	SFLD	T170	C0242356
28054422	1417	1428	Correlation	T080	C1707520
28054422	1457	1467	structures	T082	C0678594
28054422	1476	1510	statistically significant analysis	T062	C0871424
28054422	1512	1517	TuLIP	T170	C0025663
28054422	1530	1537	enolase	T116,T126	C0031691
28054422	1538	1546	clusters	T081	C1704332
28054422	1559	1572	DASP2 GenBank	T170	C0598211
28054422	1594	1603	sequences	T087	C0002518
28054422	1748	1757	F-measure	T081	C0079809
28054422	1762	1782	performance analysis	T062	C0936012
28054422	1790	1797	enolase	T116,T126	C0031691
28054422	1831	1836	GEMMA	T170	C0025663
28054422	1841	1848	SCI-PHY	T170	C0025663
28054422	1866	1871	TuLIP	T170	C0025663
28054422	1952	1968	enolase families	T116,T126	C0031691
28054422	2016	2026	literature	T170	C0023866

28054712|t|Early high school engagement in students with attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder
28054712|a|Students with attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to languish behind their peers with regard to academic achievement and education attainment. School engagement is potentially modifiable, and targeting engagement may be a means to improve education outcomes. To investigate school engagement for students with ADHD during the crucial high school transition period and to identify factors associated with low school engagement. Participants are adolescents (12-15 years) in the first and third year of high school with diagnosed ADHD (n = 130). Participants were recruited from 21 paediatric practices. Cross-sectional study assessing school engagement. Data were collected through direct assessment and child, parent, and teacher surveys. School engagement is measured as student attitudes to school (cognitive and emotional) and suspension rates (behavioural). Multivariable regression analyses examined student, family, and school factors affecting engagement. In comparison with state data, students with ADHD in the first year of high school were less motivated (p < .01) and less connected to peers (p < .01). Overall, there was no discordance in third year attitudes. There were high rates of suspension in both years in comparison to state-wide suspensions (21% vs. 6%, p < .01). Explanatory factors for poor attitudes include adolescent depression, poor adolescent supervision, and devaluing education. Conduct problems and increased hyperactivity were related to increased likelihood of being suspended, whilst higher cognitive ability, family socio-economic status, and independent schools reduced risk. Potentially modifiable individual and family factors including adolescent depression, behavioural problems, education values, and family supervision could be targeted to better manage the high school transition for students with ADHD.
28054712	0	5	Early	T079	C1279919
28054712	6	28	high school engagement	T065	C2584312
28054712	32	40	students	T098	C0038492
28054712	46	86	attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
28054712	87	95	Students	T098	C0038492
28054712	101	141	attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
28054712	143	147	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28054712	183	188	peers	T098	C0679739
28054712	204	224	academic achievement	T055	C0700132
28054712	229	249	education attainment	T033	C0013658
28054712	251	268	School engagement	T065	C2584312
28054712	310	320	engagement	T065	C2584312
28054712	347	356	education	T065	C0013621
28054712	357	365	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28054712	382	399	school engagement	T065	C2584312
28054712	404	412	students	T098	C0038492
28054712	418	422	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28054712	442	464	high school transition	T078	C0871305
28054712	465	471	period	T079	C1948053
28054712	512	533	low school engagement	T033	C0243095
28054712	535	547	Participants	T098	C0679646
28054712	552	563	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28054712	571	576	years	T079	C0439234
28054712	601	605	year	T079	C0439234
28054712	609	620	high school	T073,T092	C0599395
28054712	626	635	diagnosed	T062	C1704656
28054712	636	640	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28054712	652	664	Participants	T098	C0679646
28054712	688	698	paediatric	T091	C0030755
28054712	699	708	practices	T057	C0205897
28054712	710	731	Cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28054712	742	759	school engagement	T065	C2584312
28054712	761	765	Data	T078	C1511726
28054712	796	806	assessment	T058	C0220825
28054712	811	816	child	T100	C0008059
28054712	818	824	parent	T099	C0030551
28054712	830	837	teacher	T097	C0221457
28054712	838	845	surveys	T170	C0038951
28054712	847	864	School engagement	T065	C2584312
28054712	880	897	student attitudes	T041	C0871447
28054712	901	907	school	T073,T092	C0036375
28054712	909	918	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28054712	923	932	emotional	T041	C0013987
28054712	938	948	suspension	T033	C4272256
28054712	949	954	rates	T081	C1521828
28054712	956	967	behavioural	T053	C0004927
28054712	970	1003	Multivariable regression analyses	T170	C0034980
28054712	1013	1020	student	T098	C0038492
28054712	1022	1028	family	T099	C0015576
28054712	1034	1048	school factors	UnknownType	C0814325
28054712	1059	1069	engagement	T065	C2584312
28054712	1102	1110	students	T098	C0038492
28054712	1116	1120	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28054712	1134	1138	year	T079	C0439234
28054712	1142	1153	high school	T073,T092	C0599395
28054712	1206	1211	peers	T098	C0679739
28054712	1266	1270	year	T079	C0439234
28054712	1271	1280	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28054712	1293	1317	high rates of suspension	T033	C0243095
28054712	1326	1331	years	T079	C0439234
28054712	1360	1371	suspensions	T033	C4272256
28054712	1424	1433	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28054712	1442	1452	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28054712	1453	1463	depression	T048	C0011570
28054712	1470	1480	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28054712	1481	1492	supervision	T061	C0038842
28054712	1498	1507	devaluing	T041	C0564495
28054712	1508	1517	education	T065	C0013621
28054712	1519	1535	Conduct problems	UnknownType	C0684326
28054712	1550	1563	hyperactivity	T048	C0424295
28054712	1580	1619	increased likelihood of being suspended	T033	C0243095
28054712	1635	1652	cognitive ability	T041	C0392334
28054712	1654	1660	family	T099	C0015576
28054712	1661	1682	socio-economic status	T080	C0086996
28054712	1700	1707	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
28054712	1716	1720	risk	T078	C0035647
28054712	1745	1755	individual	T098	C0237401
28054712	1760	1766	family	T099	C0015576
28054712	1767	1774	factors	T033	C4035944
28054712	1785	1795	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28054712	1796	1806	depression	T048	C0011570
28054712	1808	1828	behavioural problems	T048	C0233514
28054712	1830	1839	education	T065	C0013621
28054712	1840	1846	values	T080	C0042295
28054712	1852	1858	family	T099	C0015576
28054712	1859	1870	supervision	T061	C0038842
28054712	1910	1932	high school transition	T078	C0871305
28054712	1937	1945	students	T098	C0038492
28054712	1951	1955	ADHD	T048	C1263846

28054831|t|Lessons learned from an unstable genomic landscape
28054831|a|This brief historical perspective will highlight the many accomplishments of the late William 'Bill' Morgan, and how his laboratory during the mid-1990s shaped the field of genomic instability. Bill focused on the processes responsible for radiation - induced genomic instability, and while ionizing radiation was known to induce this phenomenon, the precise causes were poorly understood. Here we revisit Bill's unique approach to these problems, as he advocated the use of novel mammalian cell lines to tease apart the mechanisms responsible for destabilizing an otherwise stable nuclear genome. Genomic instability is a multifaceted process posited to be the driving force behind multistep carcinogenesis. Bill used a variety of innovative techniques that ultimately refined our understanding of the causes and consequences of radiation - induced chromosomal instability and the role it played in cancer predisposition. The central concepts of genomic instability fit nicely with the mutator phenotype hypothesis proposed by Lawrence Loeb, both of which represent functionally similar frameworks for describing how genomic stability can be compromised. The field of genomic instability has since advanced considerably, and much of our current knowledge is due to the efforts of Bill Morgan.
28054831	33	50	genomic landscape	T091	C0887950
28054831	62	72	historical	T033	C2004062
28054831	73	84	perspective	T082	C0449911
28054831	109	124	accomplishments	T078	C1519201
28054831	137	158	William 'Bill' Morgan	T097	C0402112
28054831	172	182	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28054831	215	220	field	T077	C1521738
28054831	224	243	genomic instability	T049	C0919532
28054831	245	249	Bill	T097	C0402112
28054831	265	274	processes	T067	C1522240
28054831	291	300	radiation	T070	C0851346
28054831	303	310	induced	T169	C0205263
28054831	311	330	genomic instability	T049	C0919532
28054831	342	360	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
28054831	386	396	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28054831	457	463	Bill's	T097	C0402112
28054831	489	497	problems	T033	C0033213
28054831	532	541	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28054831	542	552	cell lines	T025	C0007600
28054831	633	640	nuclear	T082	C0521447
28054831	641	647	genome	T028	C0017428
28054831	649	668	Genomic instability	T049	C0919532
28054831	674	686	multifaceted	T082	C0205291
28054831	687	694	process	T067	C1522240
28054831	744	758	carcinogenesis	T191	C0596263
28054831	760	764	Bill	T097	C0402112
28054831	794	804	techniques	T169	C0449851
28054831	854	860	causes	T169	C0015127
28054831	865	880	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28054831	881	890	radiation	T070	C0851346
28054831	893	900	induced	T169	C0205263
28054831	901	924	chromosomal instability	T049	C1257806
28054831	951	957	cancer	T191	C0006826
28054831	958	972	predisposition	T032	C0220898
28054831	986	994	concepts	T078	C0178566
28054831	998	1017	genomic instability	T049	C0919532
28054831	1038	1066	mutator phenotype hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28054831	1079	1092	Lawrence Loeb	T097	C0402112
28054831	1169	1186	genomic stability	T045	C1257825
28054831	1211	1216	field	T077	C1521738
28054831	1220	1239	genomic instability	T049	C0919532
28054831	1297	1306	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28054831	1332	1343	Bill Morgan	T097	C0402112

28054909|t|Noise Exposure Questionnaire: A Tool for Quantifying Annual Noise Exposure
28054909|a|Exposure to both occupational and nonoccupational noise is recognized as a risk factor for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Although audiologists routinely inquire regarding history of noise exposure, there are limited tools available for quantifying this history or for identifying those individuals who are at highest risk for NIHL. Identifying those at highest risk would allow hearing conservation activities to be focused on those individuals. To develop a detailed, task-based questionnaire for quantifying an individual's annual noise exposure (ANE) arising from both occupational and nonoccupational sources (aim 1) and to develop a short screening tool that could be used to identify individuals at high risk of NIHL (aim 2). Review of relevant literature for questionnaire development followed by a cross-sectional descriptive and correlational investigation of the newly developed questionnaire and screening tool. One hundred fourteen college freshmen completed the detailed questionnaire for estimating ANE (aim 1) and answered the potential screening questions (aim 2). An additional 59 adults participated in data collection where the accuracy of the screening tool was evaluated (aim 2). In study aim 1, all participants completed the detailed questionnaire and the potential screening questions. Descriptive statistics were used to quantify participant participation in various noisy activities and their associated ANE estimates. In study aim 2, linear regression techniques were used to identify screening questions that could be used to predict a participant's estimated ANE. Clinical decision theory was then used to assess the accuracy with which the screening tool predicted high and low risk of NIHL in a new group of participants. Responses on the detailed questionnaire indicated that our sample of college freshmen reported high rates of participation in a variety of occupational and nonoccupational activities associated with high sound levels. Although participation rates were high, ANE estimates were below highest - risk levels for many participants because the frequency of participation in these activities was low in many cases. These data illustrate how the Noise Exposure Questionnaire (NEQ) could be used to provide detailed and specific information regarding an individual's exposure to noise. The results of aim 2 suggest that the screening tool, the 1- Minute Noise Screen, can be used to identify those participants with high - and low - risk noise exposure, allowing more in-depth assessment of noise exposure history to be targeted at those most at risk. The NEQ can be used to estimate an individual's ANE and the 1- Minute Noise Screen can be used to identify those participants at highest risk of NIHL. These tools allow audiologists to focus hearing conservation efforts on those individuals who are most in need of those services.
28054909	0	28	Noise Exposure Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28054909	32	36	Tool	T170	C0282574
28054909	41	52	Quantifying	T081	C1709793
28054909	53	59	Annual	T079	C0332181
28054909	60	65	Noise	T067	C0028263
28054909	66	74	Exposure	T080	C0332157
28054909	75	83	Exposure	T080	C0332157
28054909	92	104	occupational	T067	C0028264
28054909	109	130	nonoccupational noise	T067	C0028263
28054909	150	161	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28054909	166	192	noise-induced hearing loss	T037	C0018781
28054909	194	198	NIHL	T037	C0018781
28054909	210	222	audiologists	T097	C0175838
28054909	223	232	routinely	T080	C0205547
28054909	251	258	history	T033	C2004062
28054909	262	267	noise	T067	C0028263
28054909	268	276	exposure	T080	C0332157
28054909	288	295	limited	T169	C0439801
28054909	296	301	tools	T170	C0282574
28054909	316	327	quantifying	T081	C1709793
28054909	333	340	history	T033	C2004062
28054909	348	359	identifying	T058	C1269815
28054909	366	377	individuals	T098	C0237401
28054909	389	396	highest	T080	C1522410
28054909	397	401	risk	T078	C0035647
28054909	406	410	NIHL	T037	C0018781
28054909	412	423	Identifying	T058	C1269815
28054909	433	440	highest	T080	C1522410
28054909	441	445	risk	T078	C0035647
28054909	458	465	hearing	T039	C0018767
28054909	466	478	conservation	T080	C2347858
28054909	479	489	activities	T052	C0441655
28054909	513	524	individuals	T098	C0237401
28054909	549	573	task-based questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28054909	578	589	quantifying	T081	C1709793
28054909	593	605	individual's	T098	C0237401
28054909	606	627	annual noise exposure	T033	C0243095
28054909	629	632	ANE	T033	C0243095
28054909	652	664	occupational	T067	C0028264
28054909	669	684	nonoccupational	T067	C0028263
28054909	685	692	sources	T033	C0449416
28054909	718	738	short screening tool	T170	C0282574
28054909	761	769	identify	T033	C0489557
28054909	770	781	individuals	T098	C0237401
28054909	790	794	risk	T078	C0035647
28054909	798	802	NIHL	T037	C0018781
28054909	812	821	Review of	T169	C0699752
28054909	822	830	relevant	T080	C2347946
28054909	831	841	literature	T170	C0023866
28054909	846	859	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28054909	860	871	development	T169	C1527148
28054909	886	901	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
28054909	902	913	descriptive	T170	C0678257
28054909	918	931	correlational	T080	C1707520
28054909	932	945	investigation	T169	C1292732
28054909	969	982	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28054909	987	1001	screening tool	T170	C0282574
28054909	1024	1040	college freshmen	T098	C1257890
28054909	1041	1050	completed	T080	C0205197
28054909	1064	1077	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28054909	1082	1092	estimating	T081	C0750572
28054909	1093	1096	ANE	T033	C0243095
28054909	1109	1117	answered	T170	C1706817
28054909	1132	1151	screening questions	T170	C1522634
28054909	1178	1184	adults	T100	C0001675
28054909	1201	1216	data collection	T062	C0010995
28054909	1227	1235	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28054909	1243	1257	screening tool	T170	C0282574
28054909	1262	1271	evaluated	T052	C1516048
28054909	1301	1313	participants	T098	C0679646
28054909	1314	1323	completed	T080	C0205197
28054909	1337	1350	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28054909	1369	1388	screening questions	T170	C1522634
28054909	1426	1434	quantify	T081	C1709793
28054909	1435	1446	participant	T098	C0679646
28054909	1447	1460	participation	T169	C0679823
28054909	1472	1488	noisy activities	T052	C0441655
28054909	1510	1513	ANE	T033	C0243095
28054909	1514	1523	estimates	T081	C0750572
28054909	1541	1569	linear regression techniques	T081	C0023733
28054909	1583	1591	identify	T058	C1269815
28054909	1592	1611	screening questions	T170	C1522634
28054909	1634	1641	predict	T078	C0681842
28054909	1644	1657	participant's	T098	C0679646
28054909	1658	1667	estimated	T081	C0750572
28054909	1668	1671	ANE	T033	C0243095
28054909	1673	1697	Clinical decision theory	T170	C0011114
28054909	1707	1711	used	T033	C1273517
28054909	1715	1721	assess	T052	C1516048
28054909	1726	1734	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28054909	1750	1764	screening tool	T170	C0282574
28054909	1765	1774	predicted	T078	C0681842
28054909	1775	1779	high	T080	C0205250
28054909	1784	1787	low	T080	C0205251
28054909	1788	1792	risk	T078	C0035647
28054909	1796	1800	NIHL	T037	C0018781
28054909	1810	1815	group	T078	C0441833
28054909	1819	1831	participants	T098	C0679646
28054909	1833	1842	Responses	T170	C1706817
28054909	1859	1872	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28054909	1873	1882	indicated	T033	C1444656
28054909	1892	1898	sample	T096	C0681850
28054909	1902	1918	college freshmen	T098	C1257890
28054909	1928	1932	high	T080	C0205250
28054909	1933	1938	rates	T081	C1521828
28054909	1942	1955	participation	T169	C0679823
28054909	1972	1984	occupational	T169	C0521127
28054909	1989	2015	nonoccupational activities	T052	C0441655
28054909	2016	2031	associated with	T080	C0332281
28054909	2032	2036	high	T080	C0205250
28054909	2037	2049	sound levels	T033	C0428754
28054909	2060	2073	participation	T169	C0679823
28054909	2085	2089	high	T080	C0205250
28054909	2091	2094	ANE	T033	C0243095
28054909	2095	2104	estimates	T081	C0750572
28054909	2116	2123	highest	T080	C0205250
28054909	2126	2130	risk	T078	C0035647
28054909	2131	2137	levels	T080	C0441889
28054909	2147	2159	participants	T098	C0679646
28054909	2172	2181	frequency	T079	C0439603
28054909	2185	2198	participation	T169	C0679823
28054909	2208	2218	activities	T052	C0441655
28054909	2223	2226	low	T080	C0205251
28054909	2248	2252	data	T078	C1511726
28054909	2272	2300	Noise Exposure Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28054909	2302	2305	NEQ	T170	C0034394
28054909	2332	2340	detailed	T080	C1522508
28054909	2345	2365	specific information	T078	C1533716
28054909	2379	2391	individual's	T098	C0237401
28054909	2392	2400	exposure	T080	C0332157
28054909	2404	2409	noise	T067	C0028263
28054909	2415	2422	results	T169	C1274040
28054909	2432	2439	suggest	T078	C1705535
28054909	2449	2463	screening tool	T170	C0282574
28054909	2472	2478	Minute	T079	C0439232
28054909	2479	2491	Noise Screen	T033	C1822204
28054909	2508	2516	identify	T058	C1269815
28054909	2523	2535	participants	T098	C0679646
28054909	2541	2545	high	T080	C0205250
28054909	2552	2555	low	T080	C0205251
28054909	2558	2562	risk	T078	C0035647
28054909	2563	2568	noise	T067	C0028263
28054909	2569	2577	exposure	T080	C0332157
28054909	2602	2612	assessment	T052	C1516048
28054909	2616	2621	noise	T067	C0028263
28054909	2622	2630	exposure	T080	C0332157
28054909	2631	2638	history	T033	C2004062
28054909	2645	2653	targeted	T169	C1521840
28054909	2671	2675	risk	T078	C0035647
28054909	2681	2684	NEQ	T170	C0034394
28054909	2700	2708	estimate	T081	C0750572
28054909	2712	2724	individual's	T098	C0237401
28054909	2725	2728	ANE	T033	C0243095
28054909	2740	2746	Minute	T079	C0439232
28054909	2747	2759	Noise Screen	T033	C1822204
28054909	2775	2783	identify	T058	C1269815
28054909	2790	2802	participants	T098	C0679646
28054909	2806	2813	highest	T080	C0205250
28054909	2814	2818	risk	T078	C0035647
28054909	2822	2826	NIHL	T037	C0018781
28054909	2834	2839	tools	T170	C0282574
28054909	2846	2858	audiologists	T097	C0175838
28054909	2868	2875	hearing	T039	C0018767
28054909	2876	2888	conservation	T080	C2347858
28054909	2906	2917	individuals	T098	C0237401
28054909	2948	2956	services	T057	C0557854

28054956|t|A Strategy to Establish a Quality Assurance / Quality Control Plan for the Application of Biosensors for the Detection of E. coli in Water
28054956|a|Rapid bacterial detection using biosensors is a novel approach for microbiological testing applications. Validation of such methods is an obstacle in the adoption of new bio-sensing technologies for water testing. Therefore, establishing a quality assurance and quality control (QA / QC) plan is essential to demonstrate accuracy and reliability of the biosensor method for the detection of E. coli in drinking water samples. In this study, different reagents and assay conditions including temperatures, holding time, E. coli strains and concentrations, dissolving agents, salinity and pH effects, quality of substrates of various suppliers of 4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide (MUG), and environmental water samples were included in the QA / QC plan and used in the assay optimization and documentation. Furthermore, the procedural QA / QC for the monitoring of drinking water samples was established to validate the performance of the biosensor platform for the detection of E. coli using a culture -based standard technique. Implementing the developed QA / QC plan, the same level of precision and accuracy was achieved using both the standard and the biosensor methods. The established procedural QA / QC for the biosensor will provide a reliable tool for a near real-time monitoring of E. coli in drinking water samples to both industry and regulatory authorities.
28054956	2	10	Strategy	T041	C0679199
28054956	14	23	Establish	T080	C0443211
28054956	26	43	Quality Assurance	T057	C0178932
28054956	46	61	Quality Control	T169	C0034378
28054956	62	66	Plan	T169	C1301732
28054956	75	86	Application	T169	C4048755
28054956	90	100	Biosensors	T075	C0600364
28054956	109	118	Detection	T061	C1511790
28054956	122	129	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28054956	133	138	Water	T167	C0599638
28054956	139	144	Rapid	T080	C0456962
28054956	145	154	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28054956	155	164	detection	T061	C1511790
28054956	171	181	biosensors	T075	C0600364
28054956	187	192	novel	T080	C0205314
28054956	193	201	approach	T082	C0449445
28054956	206	229	microbiological testing	T059	C1294312
28054956	230	242	applications	T169	C4048755
28054956	244	254	Validation	T062	C1519941
28054956	263	270	methods	T170	C0025663
28054956	309	333	bio-sensing technologies	T059	C0005567
28054956	338	351	water testing	T057	C0920675
28054956	364	376	establishing	T080	C0443211
28054956	379	396	quality assurance	T057	C0178932
28054956	401	416	quality control	T169	C0034378
28054956	418	420	QA	T057	C0178932
28054956	423	425	QC	T169	C0034378
28054956	427	431	plan	T169	C1301732
28054956	435	444	essential	T080	C0205224
28054956	460	468	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28054956	473	484	reliability	T081	C2347947
28054956	492	501	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28054956	502	508	method	T170	C0025663
28054956	517	526	detection	T061	C1511790
28054956	530	537	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28054956	541	555	drinking water	T167	C0599638
28054956	556	563	samples	T167	C0370003
28054956	580	589	different	T080	C1705242
28054956	590	598	reagents	T130	C0034760
28054956	603	608	assay	T059	C1510438
28054956	630	642	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28054956	644	656	holding time	T079	C0040223
28054956	658	665	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28054956	666	673	strains	T001	C1518614
28054956	678	692	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28054956	694	711	dissolving agents	T130	C0037638
28054956	713	721	salinity	T034	C1956027
28054956	726	728	pH	T081	C0020283
28054956	729	736	effects	T080	C1280500
28054956	738	745	quality	T080	C0332306
28054956	749	759	substrates	T167	C3891814
28054956	771	780	suppliers	T097	C0470689
28054956	784	816	4-methylumbelliferyl glucuronide	T109,T121	C0048514
28054956	818	821	MUG	T109,T121	C0048514
28054956	828	847	environmental water	T170	C1547971
28054956	848	855	samples	T167	C0370003
28054956	877	879	QA	T057	C0178932
28054956	882	884	QC	T169	C0034378
28054956	885	889	plan	T169	C1301732
28054956	906	911	assay	T059	C1510438
28054956	912	924	optimization	T052	C2698650
28054956	929	942	documentation	T170	C0920316
28054956	961	971	procedural	T169	C1292724
28054956	972	974	QA	T057	C0178932
28054956	977	979	QC	T169	C0034378
28054956	988	998	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28054956	1002	1016	drinking water	T167	C0599638
28054956	1017	1024	samples	T167	C0370003
28054956	1029	1040	established	T080	C0443211
28054956	1057	1068	performance	T052	C1882330
28054956	1076	1085	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28054956	1086	1094	platform	T075	C1710360
28054956	1103	1112	detection	T061	C1511790
28054956	1116	1123	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28054956	1132	1139	culture	T059	C0430402
28054956	1147	1155	standard	T080	C1442989
28054956	1156	1165	technique	T169	C0449851
28054956	1194	1196	QA	T057	C0178932
28054956	1199	1201	QC	T169	C0034378
28054956	1202	1206	plan	T169	C1301732
28054956	1217	1222	level	T080	C0441889
28054956	1226	1235	precision	T080	C1706245
28054956	1240	1248	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28054956	1277	1285	standard	T080	C1442989
28054956	1294	1303	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28054956	1304	1311	methods	T170	C0025663
28054956	1317	1328	established	T080	C0443211
28054956	1329	1339	procedural	T169	C1292724
28054956	1340	1342	QA	T057	C0178932
28054956	1345	1347	QC	T169	C0034378
28054956	1356	1365	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28054956	1406	1426	real-time monitoring	T058	C1283169
28054956	1430	1437	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28054956	1441	1455	drinking water	T167	C0599638
28054956	1456	1463	samples	T167	C0370003
28054956	1472	1480	industry	T057	C0021267
28054956	1485	1507	regulatory authorities	T064	C2981655

28055142|t|Executive functions deficits impair extinction of generalization of fear of movement-related pain
28055142|a|Generalization of fear of movement-related pain across novel but similar movements can lead to fear responses to movements that are actually not associated with pain. The peak-shift effect describes a phenomenon whereby particular novel movements elicit even greater fear responses than the original pain-provoking movement (CS+), because they represent a more extreme version of the CS+. There is great variance in the propensity to generalize as well as the speed of extinction learning when these novel movements are not followed by pain. It can be argued that this variance may be associated with executive function capacity, as individuals may be unable to intentionally inhibit fear responses. This study examined whether executive function capacity contributes to generalization and extinction of generalization as well as peak-shift of conditioned fear of movement-related pain and expectancy. Healthy participants performed a proprioceptive fear conditioning task. Executive function tests assessing updating, switching, and inhibition were used to predict changes in (extinction of) fear of movement-related pain and pain expectancy generalization. Low inhibitory capacity was associated with slower extinction of generalized fear of movement-related pain and pain expectancy. Evidence was found in favor of an area-shift, rather than a peak-shift effect, which implies that the peak conditioned fear response extended to, but did not shift to a novel stimulus. Participants with low inhibitory capacity may have difficulties withholding fear responses, leading to a slower decrease of generalized fear over time. The findings may be relevant to inform treatments. Low inhibitory capacity is not associated with slower generalization, but extinction of fear generalization. Fear elicited by a novel safe movement, situated outside the CS+/- continuum on the CS+ side, can be as strong as to the original stimulus predicting the pain-onset.
28055142	0	19	Executive functions	T041	C0935584
28055142	20	28	deficits	T080	C2987487
28055142	29	35	impair	T169	C0221099
28055142	36	46	extinction	T041	C0015347
28055142	50	64	generalization	T041	C0017324
28055142	68	72	fear	T041	C0015726
28055142	76	97	movement-related pain	T033	C0240386
28055142	98	112	Generalization	T041	C0017324
28055142	116	120	fear	T041	C0015726
28055142	124	145	movement-related pain	T033	C0240386
28055142	171	180	movements	T040	C0026649
28055142	193	207	fear responses	T039	C1327613
28055142	211	220	movements	T040	C0026649
28055142	243	258	associated with	T080	C0332281
28055142	259	263	pain	T184	C0030193
28055142	269	286	peak-shift effect	T080	C1280500
28055142	299	309	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28055142	335	344	movements	T040	C0026649
28055142	345	351	elicit	T080	C0449265
28055142	365	379	fear responses	T039	C1327613
28055142	398	412	pain-provoking	T184	C1960719
28055142	413	421	movement	T040	C0026649
28055142	423	426	CS+	T041	C0234404
28055142	482	485	CS+	T041	C0234404
28055142	502	510	variance	T080	C1711260
28055142	532	542	generalize	T041	C0017324
28055142	567	586	extinction learning	T041	C0237613
28055142	604	613	movements	T040	C0026649
28055142	634	638	pain	T184	C0030193
28055142	667	675	variance	T080	C1711260
28055142	683	698	associated with	T080	C0332281
28055142	699	726	executive function capacity	T041	C0935584
28055142	731	742	individuals	T098	C0237401
28055142	774	796	inhibit fear responses	T039	C3894332
28055142	809	817	examined	T033	C0332128
28055142	826	853	executive function capacity	T041	C0935584
28055142	869	883	generalization	T041	C0017324
28055142	888	898	extinction	T041	C0015347
28055142	902	916	generalization	T041	C0017324
28055142	928	938	peak-shift	T169	C0333051
28055142	942	958	conditioned fear	T041	C1510535
28055142	962	983	movement-related pain	T033	C0240386
28055142	988	998	expectancy	T078	C0679138
28055142	1000	1020	Healthy participants	T098	C1708335
28055142	1033	1047	proprioceptive	T039	C2370956
28055142	1048	1070	fear conditioning task	T041	C0009647
28055142	1072	1096	Executive function tests	T041	C0935584
28055142	1107	1115	updating	T079	C1519814
28055142	1132	1142	inhibition	T041	C0021467
28055142	1176	1186	extinction	T041	C0015347
28055142	1191	1195	fear	T041	C0015726
28055142	1199	1220	movement-related pain	T033	C0240386
28055142	1225	1229	pain	T184	C0030193
28055142	1230	1240	expectancy	T078	C0679138
28055142	1241	1255	generalization	T041	C0017324
28055142	1257	1280	Low inhibitory capacity	T041	C0021467
28055142	1285	1300	associated with	T080	C0332281
28055142	1308	1318	extinction	T041	C0015347
28055142	1322	1338	generalized fear	T041	C0015726
28055142	1342	1363	movement-related pain	T033	C0240386
28055142	1368	1372	pain	T184	C0030193
28055142	1373	1383	expectancy	T078	C0679138
28055142	1419	1429	area-shift	T169	C0333051
28055142	1445	1462	peak-shift effect	T080	C1280500
28055142	1487	1491	peak	T080	C0444505
28055142	1492	1517	conditioned fear response	T039	C1327613
28055142	1560	1568	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28055142	1570	1582	Participants	T098	C0679646
28055142	1592	1611	inhibitory capacity	T041	C0021467
28055142	1646	1660	fear responses	T039	C1327613
28055142	1694	1710	generalized fear	T041	C0015726
28055142	1716	1720	time	T079	C0040223
28055142	1726	1734	findings	T033	C0243095
28055142	1761	1771	treatments	T169	C1522326
28055142	1773	1796	Low inhibitory capacity	T041	C0021467
28055142	1804	1819	associated with	T080	C0332281
28055142	1827	1841	generalization	T041	C0017324
28055142	1847	1857	extinction	T041	C0015347
28055142	1861	1865	fear	T041	C0015726
28055142	1866	1880	generalization	T041	C0017324
28055142	1882	1886	Fear	T041	C0015726
28055142	1887	1898	elicited by	T080	C0449265
28055142	1912	1920	movement	T040	C0026649
28055142	1943	1948	CS+/-	T041	C0234404
28055142	1966	1969	CS+	T041	C0234404
28055142	2012	2020	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28055142	2036	2046	pain-onset	T033	C1507009

28055203|t|From Homology Models to a Set of Predictive Binding Pockets -a 5-HT1A Receptor Case Study
28055203|a|Despite its remarkable importance in the arena of drug design, serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1A) has been elusive to the X-ray crystallography community. This lack of direct structural information not only hampers our knowledge regarding the binding modes of many popular ligands (including the endogenous neurotransmitter - serotonin), but also limits the search for more potent compounds. In this paper we shed new light on the 3D pharmacological properties of the 5-HT1A receptor by using a ligand-guided approach (ALiBERO) grounded in the Internal Coordinate Mechanics (ICM) docking platform. Starting from a homology template and set of known actives, the method introduces receptor flexibility via Normal Mode Analysis and Monte Carlo sampling, to generate a subset of pockets that display enriched discrimination of actives from inactives in retrospective docking. Here, we thoroughly investigated the repercussions of using different protein templates and the effect of compound selection on screening performance. Finally, the best resulting protein models were applied prospectively in a large virtual screening campaign, in which two new active compounds were identified that were chemically distinct from those described in the literature.
28055203	5	20	Homology Models	T063	C1512489
28055203	44	59	Binding Pockets	T192	C0005456
28055203	63	78	5-HT1A Receptor	T116,T192	C0379900
28055203	79	89	Case Study	T062	C2603343
28055203	140	151	drug design	T090	C0013171
28055203	153	174	serotonin 1A receptor	T116,T192	C0379900
28055203	176	182	5-HT1A	T116,T192	C0379900
28055203	208	229	X-ray crystallography	T059	C0206755
28055203	261	271	structural	T082	C0678594
28055203	272	283	information	T078	C1533716
28055203	329	342	binding modes	T044	C1167622
28055203	359	366	ligands	T103	C0023688
28055203	382	392	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28055203	393	409	neurotransmitter	T123	C0027908
28055203	412	421	serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
28055203	467	476	compounds	T103	C1706082
28055203	517	519	3D	T082	C0450363
28055203	520	535	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28055203	536	546	properties	T080	C0871161
28055203	554	569	5-HT1A receptor	T116,T192	C0379900
28055203	581	603	ligand-guided approach	T169	C0449851
28055203	605	612	ALiBERO	T169	C0449851
28055203	630	659	Internal Coordinate Mechanics	T073,T170	C0037585
28055203	661	664	ICM	T073,T170	C0037585
28055203	666	673	docking	T044	C1522290
28055203	700	708	homology	T080	C2697616
28055203	709	717	template	T078	C1705542
28055203	748	754	method	T169	C0449851
28055203	766	774	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28055203	775	786	flexibility	T080	C0242808
28055203	791	811	Normal Mode Analysis	T062	C0936012
28055203	816	836	Monte Carlo sampling	T081	C0026507
28055203	862	869	pockets	T192	C0005456
28055203	950	957	docking	T044	C1522290
28055203	979	991	investigated	T169	C1292732
28055203	1029	1046	protein templates	T078	C1705542
28055203	1055	1061	effect	T080	C1280500
28055203	1065	1073	compound	T103	C1706082
28055203	1074	1083	selection	T052	C1707391
28055203	1087	1096	screening	T169	C1305399
28055203	1097	1108	performance	T052	C1882330
28055203	1138	1152	protein models	T075	C0026339
28055203	1199	1208	screening	T169	C1305399
28055203	1243	1252	compounds	T103	C1706082
28055203	1279	1289	chemically	T070	C0243178
28055203	1290	1298	distinct	T080	C1705242
28055203	1327	1337	literature	T170	C0023866

28055578|t|Critical Aspects for Detection of Coxiella burnetii
28055578|a|Coxiella burnetii is a globally distributed zoonotic γ-proteobacterium with an obligatory intracellular lifestyle. It is the causative agent of Q fever in humans and of coxiellosis among ruminants, although the agent is also detected in ticks, birds, and various other mammalian species. Requirements for intracellular multiplication together with the necessity for biosafety level 3 facilities restrict the cultivation of C. burnetii to specialized laboratories. Development of a novel medium formulation enabling axenic growth of C. burnetii has facilitated fundamental genetic studies. This review provides critical insights into direct diagnostic methods currently available for C. burnetii. It encompasses molecular detection methods, isolation, and propagation of the bacteria and its genetic characterization. Differentiation of C. burnetii from Coxiella-like organisms is an essential diagnostic prerequisite, particularly when handling and analyzing ticks.
28055578	0	16	Critical Aspects	T080	C1879746
28055578	21	30	Detection	T061	C1511790
28055578	34	51	Coxiella burnetii	T007	C0010240
28055578	52	69	Coxiella burnetii	T007	C0010240
28055578	96	122	zoonotic γ-proteobacterium	T007	C1690490
28055578	142	165	intracellular lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28055578	177	192	causative agent	T033	C0449411
28055578	196	203	Q fever	T047	C0034362
28055578	207	213	humans	T016	C0086418
28055578	221	232	coxiellosis	T047	C0012634
28055578	239	248	ruminants	T015	C0035950
28055578	263	268	agent	T096	C1551364
28055578	277	285	detected	T033	C0442726
28055578	289	294	ticks	T204	C0040203
28055578	296	301	birds	T012	C0005595
28055578	321	338	mammalian species	T015	C0024660
28055578	340	352	Requirements	T169	C1514873
28055578	357	385	intracellular multiplication	T043	C0596290
28055578	418	435	biosafety level 3	T170	C1443938
28055578	460	471	cultivation	T062	C0242481
28055578	475	486	C. burnetii	T007	C0010240
28055578	490	514	specialized laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
28055578	516	527	Development	T169	C1527148
28055578	533	538	novel	T080	C0205314
28055578	539	557	medium formulation	T130	C0010454
28055578	567	580	axenic growth	T059	C0598869
28055578	584	595	C. burnetii	T007	C0010240
28055578	612	639	fundamental genetic studies	T062	C2827447
28055578	646	652	review	T170	C0282443
28055578	692	710	diagnostic methods	T060	C0430022
28055578	735	746	C. burnetii	T007	C0010240
28055578	763	790	molecular detection methods	T170	C0449335
28055578	792	801	isolation	T059	C0220862
28055578	807	834	propagation of the bacteria	T059	C0022885
28055578	843	867	genetic characterization	T052	C1880022
28055578	869	884	Differentiation	T169	C2945687
28055578	888	899	C. burnetii	T007	C0010240
28055578	905	928	Coxiella-like organisms	T001	C0450254
28055578	945	955	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28055578	956	968	prerequisite	T078	C0679209
28055578	988	996	handling	T059	C0037793
28055578	1011	1016	ticks	T204	C0040203

28055920|t|Robust DLPP With Nongreedy ℓ₁$-Norm Minimization and Maximization
28055920|a|Recently, discriminant locality preserving projection based on L1-norm (DLPP-L1) was developed for robust subspace learning and image classification. It obtains projection vectors by greedy strategy, i.e., all projection vectors are optimized individually through maximizing the objective function. Thus, the obtained solution does not necessarily best optimize the corresponding trace ratio optimization algorithm, which is the essential objective function for general dimensionality reduction. It results in insufficient recognition accuracy. To tackle this problem, we propose a nongreedy algorithm to solve the trace ratio formula of DLPP-L1, and analyze its convergence. Experimental results on three databases illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
28055920	0	6	Robust	T080	C2986815
28055920	7	11	DLPP	T081	C0392762
28055920	17	48	Nongreedy ℓ₁$-Norm Minimization	T080	C0205556
28055920	53	65	Maximization	T080	C0205556
28055920	76	136	discriminant locality preserving projection based on L1-norm	T081	C0392762
28055920	138	145	DLPP-L1	T081	C0392762
28055920	165	171	robust	T080	C2986815
28055920	172	189	subspace learning	T041	C0023185
28055920	194	199	image	T170	C1704922
28055920	200	214	classification	T185	C0008902
28055920	227	237	projection	T082	C0348018
28055920	238	245	vectors	T082	C0442335
28055920	249	264	greedy strategy	T062	C0035171
28055920	276	286	projection	T082	C0348018
28055920	287	294	vectors	T082	C0442335
28055920	330	340	maximizing	T080	C0205556
28055920	345	354	objective	T080	C1571702
28055920	355	363	function	T169	C0542341
28055920	384	392	solution	T170	C1706817
28055920	446	480	trace ratio optimization algorithm	T170	C0002045
28055920	505	514	objective	T080	C1571702
28055920	515	523	function	T169	C0542341
28055920	536	560	dimensionality reduction	T170	C0282574
28055920	589	600	recognition	T041	C0237818
28055920	601	609	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28055920	648	667	nongreedy algorithm	T170	C0002045
28055920	681	700	trace ratio formula	T170	C0489829
28055920	704	711	DLPP-L1	T081	C0392762
28055920	729	740	convergence	T052	C2700387
28055920	772	781	databases	T170	C0242356
28055920	827	836	algorithm	T170	C0002045

28056024|t|A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial of Maternal Postpartum Deworming to Improve Infant Weight Gain in the Peruvian Amazon
28056024|a|Nutritional interventions targeting the critical growth and development period before two years of age can have the greatest impact on health trajectories over the life course. Compelling evidence has demonstrated that interventions investing in maternal health in the first 1000 days of life are beneficial for both mothers and their children. One such potential intervention is deworming integrated into maternal postpartum care in areas where soil - transmitted helminth (STH) infections are endemic. From February to August 2014, 1010 mother - infant pairs were recruited into a trial aimed at assessing the effectiveness of maternal postpartum deworming on infant and maternal health outcomes. Following delivery, mothers were randomly assigned to receive either single- dose 400 mg albendazole or placebo. Participants were followed-up at 1 and 6 months postpartum. There was no statistically significant difference in mean weight gain between infants in the experimental and control groups (mean difference: -0.02; 95% CI: -0.1, 0.08) at 6 months of age. Further, deworming had no effect on measured infant morbidity indicators. However, ad hoc analyses restricted to mothers who tested positive for STHs at baseline suggest that infants of mothers in the experimental group had greater mean length gain in cm (mean difference: 0.8; 95% CI: 0.1, 1.4) and length-for-age z-score (mean difference: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8) at 6 months of age. In a study population composed of both STH-infected and uninfected mothers, maternal postpartum deworming was insufficient to impact infant growth and morbidity indicators up to 6 months postpartum. Among STH-infected mothers, however, important improvements in infant length gain and length-for-age were observed. The benefits of maternal postpartum deworming should be further investigated in study populations having higher overall prevalences and intensities of STH infections and, in particular, where whipworm and hookworm infections are of public health concern. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01748929).
28056024	2	14	Double-Blind	T062	C0013072
28056024	15	42	Randomized Controlled Trial	T062	C0206035
28056024	46	65	Maternal Postpartum	T047	C0157460
28056024	66	75	Deworming	T061	C0199859
28056024	87	93	Infant	T100	C0021270
28056024	94	105	Weight Gain	T033	C0043094
28056024	113	121	Peruvian	T098	C1553375
28056024	129	154	Nutritional interventions	T061	C0086153
28056024	169	177	critical	T080	C1511545
28056024	178	207	growth and development period	T033	C1397007
28056024	228	231	age	T032	C0001779
28056024	264	270	health	T078	C0018684
28056024	271	283	trajectories	T079	C0750729
28056024	293	304	life course	T079	C1510618
28056024	317	325	evidence	T078	C3887511
28056024	348	361	interventions	T061	C0808232
28056024	375	390	maternal health	T081	C0024921
28056024	409	413	days	T079	C0439228
28056024	417	421	life	T078	C0376558
28056024	446	453	mothers	T099	C0026591
28056024	464	472	children	T099	C0680063
28056024	493	505	intervention	T061	C0808232
28056024	509	518	deworming	T061	C0199859
28056024	535	559	maternal postpartum care	UnknownType	C0545491
28056024	563	568	areas	T082	C0205146
28056024	575	579	soil	T167	C0037592
28056024	582	593	transmitted	T169	C0332289
28056024	594	602	helminth	T204	C0018893
28056024	604	607	STH	T204	C0018893
28056024	609	619	infections	T047	C0018889
28056024	624	631	endemic	T047	C0277550
28056024	638	646	February	T080	C3830166
28056024	650	656	August	T080	C3831448
28056024	668	674	mother	T099	C0026591
28056024	677	683	infant	T100	C0021270
28056024	712	717	trial	T062	C0008976
28056024	727	736	assessing	T058	C0220825
28056024	741	754	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28056024	758	777	maternal postpartum	T047	C0157460
28056024	778	787	deworming	T061	C0199859
28056024	791	797	infant	T100	C0021270
28056024	802	817	maternal health	T081	C0024921
28056024	818	826	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28056024	828	837	Following	T079	C0332282
28056024	838	846	delivery	T040	C0005615
28056024	848	855	mothers	T099	C0026591
28056024	905	909	dose	T081	C0178602
28056024	917	928	albendazole	T109,T121	C0001911
28056024	932	939	placebo	T122	C1696465
28056024	941	953	Participants	T098	C0679646
28056024	959	970	followed-up	T058	C1522577
28056024	974	975	1	T079	C4082115
28056024	980	988	6 months	T079	C4082120
28056024	989	999	postpartum	T079	C0086839
28056024	1011	1039	no statistically significant	T033	C1273937
28056024	1040	1050	difference	T081	C1705241
28056024	1059	1070	weight gain	T033	C0043094
28056024	1079	1086	infants	T100	C0021270
28056024	1094	1106	experimental	T101	C0237950
28056024	1111	1125	control groups	T096	C0009932
28056024	1127	1142	mean difference	T081	C0392762
28056024	1155	1157	CI	T081	C0009667
28056024	1174	1182	6 months	T079	C4082120
28056024	1186	1189	age	T032	C0001779
28056024	1200	1209	deworming	T061	C0199859
28056024	1214	1223	no effect	T080	C1301751
28056024	1236	1252	infant morbidity	T046	C0848889
28056024	1253	1263	indicators	T081,T170	C0018761
28056024	1274	1289	ad hoc analyses	T081,T170	C0026348
28056024	1304	1311	mothers	T099	C0026591
28056024	1323	1331	positive	T033	C1514241
28056024	1336	1340	STHs	T204	C0018893
28056024	1344	1352	baseline	T081	C1442488
28056024	1366	1373	infants	T100	C0021270
28056024	1377	1384	mothers	T099	C0026591
28056024	1428	1434	length	T032	C0005890
28056024	1435	1439	gain	T081	C1517378
28056024	1447	1462	mean difference	T081	C0392762
28056024	1473	1475	CI	T081	C0009667
28056024	1491	1513	length-for-age z-score	T081	C0449820
28056024	1515	1530	mean difference	T081	C0392762
28056024	1541	1543	CI	T081	C0009667
28056024	1558	1566	6 months	T079	C4082120
28056024	1570	1573	age	T032	C0001779
28056024	1580	1596	study population	T098	C2348561
28056024	1614	1626	STH-infected	T047	C0018889
28056024	1631	1641	uninfected	T080	C3898900
28056024	1642	1649	mothers	T099	C0026591
28056024	1651	1670	maternal postpartum	T047	C0157460
28056024	1671	1680	deworming	T061	C0199859
28056024	1685	1697	insufficient	T080	C0231180
28056024	1708	1714	infant	T100	C0021270
28056024	1715	1721	growth	T040	C0018270
28056024	1726	1735	morbidity	T046	C0848889
28056024	1736	1746	indicators	T081,T170	C0018761
28056024	1753	1761	6 months	T079	C4082120
28056024	1762	1772	postpartum	T079	C0086839
28056024	1780	1792	STH-infected	T047	C0018889
28056024	1793	1800	mothers	T099	C0026591
28056024	1837	1843	infant	T100	C0021270
28056024	1860	1874	length-for-age	T033	C0517420
28056024	1906	1925	maternal postpartum	T047	C0157460
28056024	1926	1935	deworming	T061	C0199859
28056024	1970	1987	study populations	T098	C2348561
28056024	2010	2021	prevalences	T081	C0033105
28056024	2026	2037	intensities	T185	C4049786
28056024	2041	2055	STH infections	T047	C0018889
28056024	2082	2090	whipworm	T047	C0040954
28056024	2095	2114	hookworm infections	T047	C0019911
28056024	2122	2143	public health concern	T058	C0034024

28056087|t|MITA/STING and Its Alternative Splicing Isoform MRP Restrict Hepatitis B Virus Replication
28056087|a|An efficient clearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) requires the coordinated work of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. MITA/STING, an adapter protein of the innate immune signaling pathways, plays a key role in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses to DNA virus infection. Previously, we identified an alternatively spliced isoform of MITA/STING, called MITA-related protein (MRP), and found that MRP could specifically block MITA -mediated interferon (IFN) induction while retaining the ability to activate NF-κB. Here, we asked whether MITA/STING and MRP were able to control the HBV replication. Both MITA/STING and MRP significantly inhibited HBV replication in vitro. MITA overexpression stimulated IRF3 - IFN pathway; while MRP overexpression activated NF-κB pathway, suggesting these two isoform s may inhibit HBV replication through different ways. Using a hydrodynamic injection (HI) mouse model, we found that HBV replication was reduced following MITA/STING and MRP expression vectors in mice and was enhanced by the knockout of MITA/STING (MITA/STING-/-). The HBV specific humoral and CD8+ T cell responses were impaired in MITA/STING deficient mice, suggesting the participation of MITA/STING in the initiation of host adaptive immune responses. In summary, our data suggest that MITA/STING and MRP contribute to HBV control via modulation of the innate and adaptive responses.
28056087	0	10	MITA/STING	T116,T123	C2605778
28056087	19	39	Alternative Splicing	T045	C0002345
28056087	40	47	Isoform	T116	C0597298
28056087	48	51	MRP	T116,T123	C0033684
28056087	52	60	Restrict	T169	C0443288
28056087	61	78	Hepatitis B Virus	T005	C0019169
28056087	79	90	Replication	T043	C0042774
28056087	94	103	efficient	T080	C0442799
28056087	104	113	clearance	T080	C0449297
28056087	117	134	hepatitis B virus	T005	C0019169
28056087	136	139	HBV	T005	C0019169
28056087	183	189	innate	T032	C0020969
28056087	194	219	adaptive immune responses	T043	C1155229
28056087	221	231	MITA/STING	T116,T123	C2605778
28056087	236	251	adapter protein	T116,T123	C1449886
28056087	259	272	innate immune	T032	C0020969
28056087	273	291	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
28056087	313	323	regulating	T038	C1327622
28056087	324	330	innate	T032	C0020969
28056087	335	360	adaptive immune responses	T043	C1155229
28056087	364	383	DNA virus infection	T047	C0012922
28056087	400	410	identified	T080	C0205396
28056087	414	435	alternatively spliced	T045	C0002345
28056087	436	443	isoform	T116	C0597298
28056087	447	457	MITA/STING	T116,T123	C2605778
28056087	466	486	MITA-related protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28056087	488	491	MRP	T116,T123	C0033684
28056087	509	512	MRP	T116,T123	C0033684
28056087	532	537	block	T169	C0332206
28056087	538	542	MITA	T116,T123	C2605778
28056087	553	563	interferon	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
28056087	565	568	IFN	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
28056087	570	579	induction	T169	C0205263
28056087	611	619	activate	T052	C1879547
28056087	620	625	NF-κB	T045	C1513838
28056087	650	660	MITA/STING	T116,T123	C2605778
28056087	665	668	MRP	T116,T123	C0033684
28056087	682	689	control	T169	C2587213
28056087	694	697	HBV	T005	C0019169
28056087	698	709	replication	T043	C0042774
28056087	716	726	MITA/STING	T116,T123	C2605778
28056087	731	734	MRP	T116,T123	C0033684
28056087	749	758	inhibited	T052	C3463820
28056087	759	762	HBV	T005	C0019169
28056087	763	774	replication	T043	C0042774
28056087	785	789	MITA	T116,T123	C2605778
28056087	790	804	overexpression	T045	C1171362
28056087	805	815	stimulated	T052	C1879547
28056087	816	820	IRF3	T116,T123	C1510506
28056087	823	826	IFN	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
28056087	827	834	pathway	T044	C1512834
28056087	842	845	MRP	T116,T123	C0033684
28056087	846	860	overexpression	T045	C1171362
28056087	861	870	activated	T052	C1879547
28056087	871	884	NF-κB pathway	T045	C1513838
28056087	907	914	isoform	T116	C0597298
28056087	921	928	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28056087	929	932	HBV	T005	C0019169
28056087	933	944	replication	T043	C0042774
28056087	977	999	hydrodynamic injection	T074	C3504436
28056087	1001	1003	HI	T074	C3504436
28056087	1005	1016	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28056087	1032	1035	HBV	T005	C0019169
28056087	1036	1047	replication	T043	C0042774
28056087	1052	1059	reduced	T080	C0392756
28056087	1070	1080	MITA/STING	T116,T123	C2605778
28056087	1085	1088	MRP	T116,T123	C0033684
28056087	1089	1107	expression vectors	T114	C0599566
28056087	1111	1115	mice	T015	C0025929
28056087	1124	1132	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28056087	1140	1148	knockout	T050	C1522225
28056087	1152	1162	MITA/STING	T028	C1823437
28056087	1164	1177	MITA/STING-/-	T028	C1823437
28056087	1184	1187	HBV	T005	C0019169
28056087	1197	1204	humoral	T043	C1155229
28056087	1209	1230	CD8+ T cell responses	T043	C3155011
28056087	1236	1244	impaired	T169	C0221099
28056087	1248	1258	MITA/STING	T028	C1823437
28056087	1259	1273	deficient mice	T015	C0206745
28056087	1307	1317	MITA/STING	T116,T123	C2605778
28056087	1325	1335	initiation	T169	C1704686
28056087	1339	1343	host	T001	C1167395
28056087	1344	1369	adaptive immune responses	T043	C1155229
28056087	1374	1381	summary	T170	C1706244
28056087	1387	1391	data	T078	C1511726
28056087	1405	1415	MITA/STING	T116,T123	C2605778
28056087	1420	1423	MRP	T116,T123	C0033684
28056087	1438	1441	HBV	T005	C0019169
28056087	1442	1449	control	T169	C2587213
28056087	1454	1464	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
28056087	1472	1478	innate	T032	C0020969
28056087	1483	1501	adaptive responses	T043	C1155229

28056376|t|Technical note: A preliminary comparative study between classical and interventional radiological approaches for multi-phase post-mortem CT angiography
28056376|a|Multi-phase post-mortem computed tomography angiography (MPMCTA) is a new diagnostic tool, used in forensic pathology. On the one hand, this technique allows a better and direct visualization of vascular and solid organ lesions. On the other hand, the invasiveness of the procedure -which requires surgical denudation (inguinal and/or cervical) and the insertion of surgical cannulas -leads to many relatives refusing scientific autopsies. Our hypothesis states that a minimally-invasive procedure combining interventional radiological techniques with MPMCTA (replacement of surgical cannulas by radiological catheters) will improve the approval rate of scientific autopsies by families. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the minimally-invasive MPMCTA approach and to compare its performance to the current reference-standard (the conventional approach). We included consecutively 16 corpses divided in two groups according to the contrast enhancement approach: radiological catheters (n=8), and surgical cannulas (n=8). Corpses were chosen and assigned randomly from our local data. The quality of the imaging procedure was compared according to four items: global vascular opacification, cerebral venous opacification, and lower limbs opacification (arterial and venous). A minimally-invasive approach for scientific autopsies is feasible through a radiological catheter. Vascular opacification was optimal in 8 out of 8 cases and was no less effective than the control reference group using surgical cannula incision associated with their non-occlusive aspects.
28056376	18	29	preliminary	T079	C0439611
28056376	30	47	comparative study	T062	C1579762
28056376	56	65	classical	T169	C0443177
28056376	70	108	interventional radiological approaches	T091	C0034602
28056376	113	124	multi-phase	T079	C0205390
28056376	125	139	post-mortem CT	T060	C3697228
28056376	140	151	angiography	T060	C0002978
28056376	152	163	Multi-phase	T079	C0205390
28056376	164	207	post-mortem computed tomography angiography	T060	C1536105
28056376	209	215	MPMCTA	T060	C1536105
28056376	222	225	new	T080	C0205314
28056376	226	241	diagnostic tool	T060	C0430022
28056376	251	269	forensic pathology	T091	C1450224
28056376	293	302	technique	T169	C0449851
28056376	323	343	direct visualization	T033	C3846514
28056376	347	355	vascular	T047	C1402315
28056376	360	371	solid organ	T023	C0440790
28056376	372	379	lesions	T033	C0221198
28056376	404	416	invasiveness	T080	C1301757
28056376	424	433	procedure	T169	C2700391
28056376	450	469	surgical denudation	T033	C0243095
28056376	471	479	inguinal	T029	C0018246
28056376	487	495	cervical	T082	C0205064
28056376	505	514	insertion	T061	C0021107
28056376	518	535	surgical cannulas	T074	C0520453
28056376	551	560	relatives	T099	C0080103
28056376	561	569	refusing	T052	C1705116
28056376	570	590	scientific autopsies	T060	C0004398
28056376	596	606	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28056376	621	649	minimally-invasive procedure	T169	C2711297
28056376	660	698	interventional radiological techniques	T061	C0344093
28056376	704	710	MPMCTA	T060	C1536105
28056376	712	723	replacement	T169	C0559956
28056376	727	744	surgical cannulas	T074	C0520453
28056376	748	770	radiological catheters	T074	C0085590
28056376	777	784	improve	T033	C0184511
28056376	789	797	approval	T080	C0205540
28056376	798	802	rate	T081	C1521828
28056376	806	826	scientific autopsies	T060	C0004398
28056376	830	838	families	T099	C0015576
28056376	844	847	aim	T078	C1947946
28056376	856	861	study	T062	C2603343
28056376	882	893	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28056376	901	919	minimally-invasive	T169	C2711297
28056376	920	926	MPMCTA	T060	C1536105
28056376	943	950	compare	T052	C1707455
28056376	955	966	performance	T052	C1882330
28056376	974	981	current	T079	C0521116
28056376	982	1000	reference-standard	T081	C0034925
28056376	1042	1055	consecutively	T080	C1707491
28056376	1059	1066	corpses	T017	C0006629
28056376	1082	1088	groups	T078	C0441833
28056376	1106	1114	contrast	T080	C1979874
28056376	1115	1126	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28056376	1137	1159	radiological catheters	T074	C0085590
28056376	1171	1188	surgical cannulas	T074	C0520453
28056376	1196	1203	Corpses	T017	C0006629
28056376	1253	1257	data	T078	C1511726
28056376	1263	1270	quality	T080	C0332306
28056376	1278	1295	imaging procedure	T060	C0011923
28056376	1300	1308	compared	T052	C1707455
28056376	1334	1349	global vascular	T023	C0005847
28056376	1350	1363	opacification	T080	C0449584
28056376	1365	1394	cerebral venous opacification	T080	C0449584
28056376	1400	1411	lower limbs	T023	C0023216
28056376	1412	1425	opacification	T080	C0449584
28056376	1427	1435	arterial	T082	C0221464
28056376	1440	1446	venous	T082	C0348013
28056376	1451	1478	minimally-invasive approach	T169	C2711297
28056376	1483	1503	scientific autopsies	T060	C0004398
28056376	1526	1547	radiological catheter	T074	C0085590
28056376	1549	1557	Vascular	T023	C0005847
28056376	1558	1571	opacification	T080	C0449584
28056376	1576	1583	optimal	T080	C2698651
28056376	1620	1629	effective	T080	C1704419
28056376	1639	1662	control reference group	T096	C0009932
28056376	1669	1685	surgical cannula	T074	C0520453
28056376	1686	1694	incision	T061	C0184898
28056376	1695	1710	associated with	T080	C0332281
28056376	1717	1738	non-occlusive aspects	T080	C0205556

28056457|t|Personalised Medicine: A New Approach to Improving Health in Indigenous Australian Populations
28056457|a|Personalised medicine is a newly emerging field with much to offer to all populations in improved clinical treatment options. Since the 1970s, clinicians and researchers have all been working towards improving the health of Indigenous Australians. However, there has been little research on the impact of genetics on Indigenous health, how genetic and environmental factors interact to contribute to poor health in Indigenous people, and how genetic factors specific to Indigenous people affect their responses to particular treatments. This short review highlights the urgent need for more genetic studies specific to Indigenous people in order to provide more appropriate care and to improve health outcomes. This paper explores why genetic work with Indigenous communities has been limited, how personalised medicine could benefit Indigenous communities, and highlights a number of specific instances in which personalised medicine has been critical for improving morbidity and mortality in other high-risk groups. In order to take the next step in advancing the health of Indigenous peoples, targeted research into the genetic factors behind chronic diseases is critically needed. This research may allow clinicians a better understanding of how genetic factors interact with environmental factors to influence an Indigenous Australian's individual risk of disease, prognosis, and response to therapies. It is hoped that this knowledge will produce clinical interventions that will help deliver clearly targeted, more appropriate care to this at-risk population.
28056457	0	21	Personalised Medicine	T061	C2718059
28056457	29	37	Approach	T082	C0449445
28056457	41	50	Improving	T080	C1272745
28056457	51	57	Health	T078	C0018684
28056457	61	71	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
28056457	72	94	Australian Populations	T098	C0238711
28056457	95	116	Personalised medicine	T061	C2718059
28056457	137	142	field	T090	C0805661
28056457	169	180	populations	T098	C1257890
28056457	184	192	improved	T033	C0184511
28056457	193	211	clinical treatment	T061	C1516635
28056457	212	219	options	T169	C1518601
28056457	238	248	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28056457	253	264	researchers	T097	C0035173
28056457	295	304	improving	T080	C1272745
28056457	309	315	health	T078	C0018684
28056457	319	329	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
28056457	330	341	Australians	T098	C0238711
28056457	374	382	research	T062	C0035168
28056457	390	396	impact	T080	C4049986
28056457	400	408	genetics	T169	C0017399
28056457	412	422	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
28056457	423	429	health	T078	C0018684
28056457	435	442	genetic	T169	C0314603
28056457	447	468	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
28056457	469	477	interact	T169	C1704675
28056457	495	506	poor health	T033	C0683321
28056457	510	527	Indigenous people	T098	C0079891
28056457	537	544	genetic	T169	C0314603
28056457	545	552	factors	T169	C1521761
28056457	553	561	specific	T080	C0205369
28056457	565	582	Indigenous people	T098	C0079891
28056457	596	630	responses to particular treatments	T201	C0521982
28056457	643	649	review	T170	C0282443
28056457	686	701	genetic studies	T062	C2827447
28056457	702	710	specific	T080	C0205369
28056457	714	731	Indigenous people	T098	C0079891
28056457	757	768	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28056457	769	773	care	T058	C0086388
28056457	781	788	improve	T033	C0184511
28056457	789	804	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
28056457	811	816	paper	T170	C1706852
28056457	830	842	genetic work	T062	C2827447
28056457	848	858	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
28056457	859	870	communities	T096	C0009462
28056457	893	914	personalised medicine	T061	C2718059
28056457	921	928	benefit	T081	C0814225
28056457	929	939	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
28056457	940	951	communities	T096	C0009462
28056457	980	988	specific	T080	C0205369
28056457	989	998	instances	T078	C1550608
28056457	1008	1029	personalised medicine	T061	C2718059
28056457	1039	1047	critical	T080	C1511545
28056457	1052	1061	improving	T080	C1272745
28056457	1062	1071	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28056457	1076	1085	mortality	T081	C0205848
28056457	1095	1104	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28056457	1105	1111	groups	T098	C1257890
28056457	1161	1167	health	T078	C0018684
28056457	1171	1189	Indigenous peoples	T098	C0079891
28056457	1191	1199	targeted	T169	C1521840
28056457	1200	1208	research	T062	C0035168
28056457	1218	1225	genetic	T169	C0314603
28056457	1226	1233	factors	T169	C1521761
28056457	1241	1257	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28056457	1285	1293	research	T062	C0035168
28056457	1304	1314	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28056457	1324	1337	understanding	T041	C0162340
28056457	1345	1352	genetic	T169	C0314603
28056457	1353	1360	factors	T169	C1521761
28056457	1361	1369	interact	T169	C1704675
28056457	1375	1396	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
28056457	1400	1409	influence	T077	C4054723
28056457	1413	1423	Indigenous	T102	C1512704
28056457	1424	1436	Australian's	T098	C0238711
28056457	1437	1447	individual	T098	C0237401
28056457	1448	1452	risk	T078	C0035647
28056457	1456	1463	disease	T047	C0012634
28056457	1465	1474	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28056457	1480	1501	response to therapies	T201	C0521982
28056457	1525	1534	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28056457	1548	1556	clinical	T080	C0205210
28056457	1557	1570	interventions	T058	C1273869
28056457	1602	1610	targeted	T169	C1521840
28056457	1617	1628	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28056457	1629	1633	care	T058	C0086388
28056457	1642	1649	at-risk	T080	C1444641
28056457	1650	1660	population	T098	C0079891

28056892|t|Correlations between physical activity and neurocognitive domain functions in patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study
28056892|a|Neurocognitive dysfunction is a critical target symptom of schizophrenia treatment. A positive correlation between physical activity level and neurocognitive function has been reported in healthy individuals, but it is unclear whether such a correlation exists in patients with schizophrenia and whether the relationship is different according to inpatients or outpatients. This study aimed to examine the differences in the correlations between physical activity and multiple neurocognitive domains in inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia and obtain suggestions for further study to facilitate this field. Twenty-nine patients with schizophrenia were examined (16 inpatients and 13 outpatients, 56.0 ± 11.4 years of age). Current symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale and neurocognitive functions using Cognitrax, which yields a composite neurocognitive index (NCI) and 11 domain scores. After testing, participants wore an HJA-750C accelerometer for one week to measure physical activity levels and durations. Partial correlation analyses were performed between exercise and cognitive parameters. In the outpatient group, higher physical activity was associated with faster Motor and Psychomotor Speeds in outpatients. However, higher physical activity was associated with lower overall NCI, Attention score, and Memory scores in inpatients. Although higher physical activity was associated with better neurocognitive functions of outpatients, in inpatients with non-remitted schizophrenia, higher physical activity was associated with worsening of several cognitive domains. In a future study examining the relationship between physical activity and neurocognitive function for facilitating this research field, separation between inpatients and outpatients are needed because the relationship is different between inpatients and outpatients.
28056892	0	12	Correlations	T080	C1707520
28056892	21	38	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28056892	43	74	neurocognitive domain functions	T041	C0392335
28056892	78	86	patients	T101	C0030705
28056892	92	105	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28056892	109	130	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28056892	131	157	Neurocognitive dysfunction	T048	C4041080
28056892	179	186	symptom	T184	C1457887
28056892	190	203	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28056892	204	213	treatment	T061	C0087111
28056892	226	237	correlation	T080	C1707520
28056892	246	263	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28056892	274	297	neurocognitive function	T041	C0392335
28056892	319	338	healthy individuals	T098	C0237401
28056892	373	384	correlation	T080	C1707520
28056892	395	403	patients	T101	C0030705
28056892	409	422	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28056892	439	451	relationship	T080	C0439849
28056892	478	488	inpatients	T101	C0021562
28056892	492	503	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28056892	510	515	study	T062	C2603343
28056892	525	532	examine	T058	C0582103
28056892	556	568	correlations	T080	C1707520
28056892	577	594	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28056892	608	630	neurocognitive domains	T041	C0392335
28056892	634	644	inpatients	T101	C0021562
28056892	649	660	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28056892	666	679	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28056892	691	702	suggestions	T078	C1705535
28056892	715	720	study	T062	C2603343
28056892	759	767	patients	T101	C0030705
28056892	773	786	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28056892	792	800	examined	T058	C0582103
28056892	805	815	inpatients	T101	C0021562
28056892	823	834	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28056892	848	853	years	T079	C0439234
28056892	857	860	age	T032	C0001779
28056892	871	879	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28056892	885	893	assessed	T052	C1516048
28056892	904	912	Positive	T033	C1446409
28056892	917	925	Negative	T033	C0205160
28056892	926	939	Symptom Scale	T170	C0429688
28056892	944	968	neurocognitive functions	T041	C0392335
28056892	975	984	Cognitrax	T170	C0871696
28056892	1011	1031	neurocognitive index	T060	C0872227
28056892	1033	1036	NCI	T060	C0872227
28056892	1052	1058	scores	T081	C0449820
28056892	1075	1087	participants	T098	C0679646
28056892	1096	1118	HJA-750C accelerometer	T074	C0178951
28056892	1123	1131	one week	T079	C4082116
28056892	1135	1142	measure	T081	C0079809
28056892	1143	1160	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28056892	1172	1181	durations	T079	C0449238
28056892	1183	1211	Partial correlation analyses	T062,T170	C0010101
28056892	1235	1243	exercise	T056	C0015259
28056892	1248	1257	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28056892	1258	1268	parameters	T033	C0449381
28056892	1277	1287	outpatient	T101	C0029921
28056892	1295	1301	higher	T080	C0205250
28056892	1302	1319	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28056892	1347	1352	Motor	T169	C1513492
28056892	1357	1368	Psychomotor	T041	C0033923
28056892	1369	1375	Speeds	T081	C0678536
28056892	1379	1390	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28056892	1401	1407	higher	T080	C0205250
28056892	1408	1425	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28056892	1430	1445	associated with	T080	C0332281
28056892	1446	1451	lower	T080	C0205251
28056892	1460	1463	NCI	T060	C0872227
28056892	1465	1474	Attention	T041	C0004268
28056892	1475	1480	score	T081	C0449820
28056892	1486	1492	Memory	T041	C0025260
28056892	1493	1499	scores	T081	C0449820
28056892	1503	1513	inpatients	T101	C0021562
28056892	1524	1530	higher	T080	C0205250
28056892	1531	1548	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28056892	1553	1568	associated with	T080	C0332281
28056892	1576	1600	neurocognitive functions	T041	C0392335
28056892	1604	1615	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28056892	1620	1630	inpatients	T101	C0021562
28056892	1649	1662	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28056892	1664	1670	higher	T080	C0205250
28056892	1671	1688	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28056892	1693	1708	associated with	T080	C0332281
28056892	1730	1747	cognitive domains	T041	C0392335
28056892	1761	1766	study	T062	C2603343
28056892	1767	1776	examining	T058	C0582103
28056892	1781	1793	relationship	T080	C0439849
28056892	1802	1819	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28056892	1824	1847	neurocognitive function	T041	C0392335
28056892	1905	1915	inpatients	T101	C0021562
28056892	1920	1931	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28056892	1955	1967	relationship	T080	C0439849
28056892	1989	1999	inpatients	T101	C0021562
28056892	2004	2015	outpatients	T101	C0029921

28056901|t|Expansion of the Milan criteria without any sacrifice: combination of the Hangzhou criteria with the pre-transplant platelet -to- lymphocyte ratio
28056901|a|The Hangzhou criteria expand the Milan criteria safely and effectively in selecting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) candidates for liver transplantation (LT), but some patients exceeding the Milan but fulfilling the Hangzhou criteria still show poor outcomes due to early tumor recurrence. In this study, the platelet -to- lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was employed to differentiate high-risk tumor recurrence recipients, and a new method combining PLR and the Hangzhou criteria was established. The clinical data of 343 LT for HCC were retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the PLR cut-off value to stratify patients exceeding the Milan but fulfilling the Hangzhou criteria. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) of recipients was compared after stratification. The Hangzhou criteria & PLR method was proposed and its feasibility was validated by ROC analysis. PLR 120 was the most significant cut-off value when comparing RFS of patients exceeding the Milan but fulfilling the Hangzhou criteria. After stratification, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS of patients exceeding the Milan but fulfilling the Hangzhou criteria with PLR < 120 were 84.2%, 73.3%, and 73.3%, respectively, comparable with 85.7%, 73.9%, and 72.8%, respectively, in patients fulfilling the Milan criteria (P = 0.885). Patients exceeding the Milan but fulfilling the Hangzhou criteria with PLR ≥ 120 showed poor outcomes, which were similar in patients exceeding the Hangzhou criteria; 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS were only 37.5%, 12.5%, and 12.5% vs. 32.3%, 17.6%, and 15.1%, respectively (P = 0.887). ROC analysis demonstrated that the ROC area of the Hangzhou criteria & PLR method was 0.768 for RFS. Multivariate analysis confirmed that PLR ≥ 120 was independently associated with RFS of patients exceeding the Milan but fulfilling the Hangzhou criteria. The Hangzhou criteria combined with the pre-transplant PLR can accurately exclude high-risk tumor recurrence recipients; this approach expands the Milan criteria effectively without any sacrifice.
28056901	0	9	Expansion	T082	C0205229
28056901	17	31	Milan criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	55	66	combination	T080	C0205195
28056901	74	91	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	101	115	pre-transplant	T033	C3841811
28056901	116	124	platelet	T025	C0005821
28056901	130	140	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
28056901	141	146	ratio	T081	C0456603
28056901	151	168	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	169	175	expand	T082	C0205229
28056901	180	194	Milan criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	231	255	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28056901	257	260	HCC	T191	C2239176
28056901	277	298	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911
28056901	300	302	LT	T061	C0023911
28056901	314	322	patients	T101	C0030705
28056901	337	342	Milan	T170	C0679228
28056901	362	379	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	391	404	poor outcomes	T033	C3806166
28056901	412	417	early	T079	C1279919
28056901	418	434	tumor recurrence	T191	C0521158
28056901	455	463	platelet	T025	C0005821
28056901	469	479	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
28056901	480	485	ratio	T081	C0456603
28056901	487	490	PLR	T059	C0022885
28056901	522	531	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28056901	532	548	tumor recurrence	T191	C0521158
28056901	549	559	recipients	T098	C1709854
28056901	588	591	PLR	T059	C0022885
28056901	600	617	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	639	652	clinical data	T170	C1516606
28056901	660	662	LT	T061	C0023911
28056901	667	670	HCC	T191	C2239176
28056901	676	691	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28056901	692	700	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28056901	702	735	Receiver operating characteristic	T081	C0034772
28056901	737	740	ROC	T081	C0034772
28056901	742	750	analysis	T062	C0936012
28056901	777	780	PLR	T059	C0022885
28056901	807	815	patients	T101	C0030705
28056901	830	835	Milan	T170	C0679228
28056901	855	872	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	878	902	recurrence-free survival	T201	C2919551
28056901	904	907	RFS	T201	C2919551
28056901	912	922	recipients	T098	C1709854
28056901	942	956	stratification	T062	C1514983
28056901	962	979	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	982	985	PLR	T059	C0022885
28056901	997	1005	proposed	T080	C1553874
28056901	1043	1046	ROC	T081	C0034772
28056901	1047	1055	analysis	T062	C0936012
28056901	1057	1060	PLR	T059	C0022885
28056901	1090	1103	cut-off value	T081	C1522609
28056901	1119	1122	RFS	T201	C2919551
28056901	1126	1134	patients	T101	C0030705
28056901	1149	1154	Milan	T170	C0679228
28056901	1174	1191	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	1199	1213	stratification	T062	C1514983
28056901	1238	1241	RFS	T201	C2919551
28056901	1245	1253	patients	T101	C0030705
28056901	1268	1273	Milan	T170	C0679228
28056901	1293	1310	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	1316	1319	PLR	T059	C0022885
28056901	1428	1436	patients	T101	C0030705
28056901	1452	1466	Milan criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	1480	1488	Patients	T101	C0030705
28056901	1503	1508	Milan	T170	C0679228
28056901	1528	1545	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	1551	1554	PLR	T059	C0022885
28056901	1568	1581	poor outcomes	T033	C3806166
28056901	1605	1613	patients	T101	C0030705
28056901	1628	1645	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	1666	1669	RFS	T201	C2919551
28056901	1759	1762	ROC	T081	C0034772
28056901	1763	1771	analysis	T062	C0936012
28056901	1794	1797	ROC	T081	C0034772
28056901	1810	1827	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	1830	1833	PLR	T059	C0022885
28056901	1855	1858	RFS	T201	C2919551
28056901	1860	1881	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28056901	1897	1900	PLR	T059	C0022885
28056901	1925	1940	associated with	T080	C0332281
28056901	1941	1944	RFS	T201	C2919551
28056901	1948	1956	patients	T101	C0030705
28056901	1971	1976	Milan	T170	C0679228
28056901	1996	2013	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	2019	2036	Hangzhou criteria	T170	C0679228
28056901	2055	2069	pre-transplant	T033	C3841811
28056901	2070	2073	PLR	T059	C0022885
28056901	2097	2106	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28056901	2107	2123	tumor recurrence	T191	C0521158
28056901	2124	2134	recipients	T098	C1709854
28056901	2162	2176	Milan criteria	T170	C0679228

28057313|t|Workplace Violence and Job Outcomes of Newly Licensed Nurses
28057313|a|The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of workplace violence toward newly licensed nurses and the relationship between workplace violence and job outcomes. An online survey was conducted of newly licensed registered nurses who had obtained their license in 2012 or 2013 in South Korea and had been working for 5-12 months after first being employed. The sample consisted of 312 nurses working in hospitals or clinics. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II was used to measure violence and nurse job outcomes. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between violence and job outcomes. Verbal abuse was most prevalent (59.6%), followed by threats of violence (36.9%), physical violence (27.6%), bullying (25.6%), and sexual harassment (22.4%). Approximately three quarters of the nurses had experienced at least one type of violence. The main perpetrators were patients and nurse colleagues, although the distribution of perpetrators varied depending on the type of violence. Bullying had a significant relationship with all four job outcomes (job satisfaction, burnout, commitment to the workplace, and intent to leave), while verbal abuse was associated with all job outcomes except for intent to leave. Violence perpetrated by nurse colleagues had a significant relationship with all four job outcomes, while violence by physicians had a significant inverse relationship with job satisfaction. Workplace violence is experienced by a high percentage of newly licensed nurses, and is associated with their job outcomes.
28057313	0	18	Workplace Violence	T054	C3658335
28057313	23	26	Job	T090	C0028811
28057313	27	35	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
28057313	39	44	Newly	T078	C0750546
28057313	45	60	Licensed Nurses	T097	C0684004
28057313	65	72	purpose	T169	C1285529
28057313	94	101	examine	T033	C0332128
28057313	106	116	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28057313	120	138	workplace violence	T054	C3658335
28057313	146	151	newly	T078	C0750546
28057313	152	167	licensed nurses	T097	C0684004
28057313	176	188	relationship	T080	C0439849
28057313	197	215	workplace violence	T054	C3658335
28057313	220	223	job	T090	C0028811
28057313	224	232	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28057313	237	250	online survey	T170	C0038951
28057313	255	264	conducted	T169	C0205245
28057313	268	273	newly	T078	C0750546
28057313	274	282	licensed	T089	C0023636
28057313	283	300	registered nurses	T097	C0687673
28057313	309	317	obtained	T169	C1301820
28057313	324	331	license	T089	C0023636
28057313	351	362	South Korea	T083	C0022773
28057313	376	383	working	T057	C0043227
28057313	393	399	months	T079	C0439231
28057313	418	426	employed	T033	C0557351
28057313	432	438	sample	T096	C0681850
28057313	456	462	nurses	T097	C0028661
28057313	463	470	working	T057	C0043227
28057313	474	483	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28057313	487	494	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28057313	500	540	Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II	T170	C0034394
28057313	553	560	measure	T081	C0079809
28057313	561	569	violence	T048	C0042693
28057313	574	579	nurse	T097	C0028661
28057313	580	583	job	T090	C0028811
28057313	584	592	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28057313	594	609	Multiple linear	T081	C0023733
28057313	614	642	logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
28057313	648	657	conducted	T169	C0205245
28057313	661	668	examine	T033	C0332128
28057313	673	685	relationship	T080	C0439849
28057313	694	702	violence	T048	C0042693
28057313	707	710	job	T090	C0028811
28057313	711	719	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28057313	721	733	Verbal abuse	T048	C0558089
28057313	743	752	prevalent	T081	C0205214
28057313	762	773	followed by	T079	C0332283
28057313	774	781	threats	T078	C0749385
28057313	785	793	violence	T048	C0042693
28057313	803	820	physical violence	T048	C0476480
28057313	830	838	bullying	T048	C0424318
28057313	852	869	sexual harassment	T054	C0162790
28057313	879	892	Approximately	T080	C0332232
28057313	893	907	three quarters	T081	C2825406
28057313	915	921	nurses	T097	C0028661
28057313	926	937	experienced	T041	C0596545
28057313	951	955	type	T080	C0332307
28057313	959	967	violence	T048	C0042693
28057313	978	990	perpetrators	T098	C0871061
28057313	996	1004	patients	T101	C0030705
28057313	1009	1014	nurse	T097	C0028661
28057313	1015	1025	colleagues	T098	C0681088
28057313	1040	1052	distribution	T169	C1704711
28057313	1056	1068	perpetrators	T098	C0871061
28057313	1093	1097	type	T080	C0332307
28057313	1101	1109	violence	T048	C0042693
28057313	1111	1119	Bullying	T048	C0424318
28057313	1126	1137	significant	T078	C0750502
28057313	1138	1150	relationship	T080	C0439849
28057313	1160	1164	four	T081	C0205450
28057313	1165	1168	job	T090	C0028811
28057313	1169	1177	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28057313	1179	1195	job satisfaction	T041	C0022397
28057313	1197	1204	burnout	T048	C0006433
28057313	1206	1216	commitment	T041	C0870312
28057313	1224	1233	workplace	T082	C0162579
28057313	1239	1245	intent	T080	C1283828
28057313	1249	1254	leave	T052	C1706081
28057313	1263	1275	verbal abuse	T048	C0558089
28057313	1280	1295	associated with	T080	C0332281
28057313	1300	1303	job	T090	C0028811
28057313	1304	1312	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28057313	1313	1323	except for	T169	C0332300
28057313	1324	1330	intent	T080	C1283828
28057313	1334	1339	leave	T052	C1706081
28057313	1341	1349	Violence	T048	C0042693
28057313	1350	1361	perpetrated	T169	C0884358
28057313	1365	1370	nurse	T097	C0028661
28057313	1371	1381	colleagues	T098	C0681088
28057313	1388	1399	significant	T078	C0750502
28057313	1400	1412	relationship	T080	C0439849
28057313	1422	1426	four	T081	C0205450
28057313	1427	1430	job	T090	C0028811
28057313	1431	1439	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28057313	1447	1455	violence	T048	C0042693
28057313	1459	1469	physicians	T097	C0031831
28057313	1476	1487	significant	T078	C0750502
28057313	1488	1495	inverse	T080	C0439850
28057313	1496	1508	relationship	T080	C0439849
28057313	1514	1530	job satisfaction	T041	C0022397
28057313	1532	1550	Workplace violence	T054	C3658335
28057313	1554	1565	experienced	T041	C0596545
28057313	1576	1586	percentage	T081	C0439165
28057313	1590	1595	newly	T078	C0750546
28057313	1596	1611	licensed nurses	T097	C0684004
28057313	1620	1635	associated with	T080	C0332281
28057313	1642	1645	job	T090	C0028811
28057313	1646	1654	outcomes	T169	C1274040

28057660|t|Protocol for intraoperative assessment of the human cerebrovascular glycocalyx
28057660|a|Adequate functioning of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is important for brain homoeostasis and normal neuronal function. Disruption of the BBB has been described in several neurological diseases. Recent reports suggest that an increased permeability of the BBB also contributes to increased seizure susceptibility in patients with epilepsy. The endothelial glycocalyx is coating the luminal side of the endothelium and can be considered as the first barrier of the BBB. We hypothesise that an altered glycocalyx thickness plays a role in the aetiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the most common type of epilepsy. Here, we propose a protocol that allows intraoperative assessment of the cerebrovascular glycocalyx thickness in patients with TLE and assess whether its thickness is decreased in patients with TLE when compared with controls. This protocol is designed as a prospective observational case-control study in patients who undergo resective brain surgery as treatment for TLE. Control subjects are patients without a history of epileptic seizures, who undergo a craniotomy or burr hole surgery for other indications. Intraoperative glycocalyx thickness measurements of sublingual, cortical and hippocampal microcirculation are performed by video microscopy using sidestream dark-field imaging. Demographic details, seizure characteristics, epilepsy risk factors, intraoperative haemodynamic parameters and histopathological evaluation are additionally recorded. This protocol has been ethically approved by the local medical ethical committee (ID: NL51594.068.14) and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and principles of Good Clinical Practice. Informed consent is obtained before study enrolment and only coded data will be stored in a secured database, enabling an audit trail. Results will be submitted to international peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. NTR5568.
28057660	0	8	Protocol	T170	C2348563
28057660	13	27	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28057660	28	38	assessment	T062	C0936012
28057660	46	51	human	T016	C0086418
28057660	52	67	cerebrovascular	T080	C1880018
28057660	68	78	glycocalyx	T026	C0061622
28057660	79	87	Adequate	T080	C0205411
28057660	88	99	functioning	T169	C0542341
28057660	107	126	blood-brain barrier	T042	C1305865
28057660	128	131	BBB	T042	C1305865
28057660	150	155	brain	T023	C0006104
28057660	156	168	homoeostasis	T038	C0019868
28057660	180	188	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28057660	189	197	function	T043	C0007613
28057660	199	209	Disruption	T169	C0332453
28057660	217	220	BBB	T042	C1305865
28057660	251	272	neurological diseases	T047	C0027765
28057660	281	288	reports	T170	C0684224
28057660	305	314	increased	T081	C0205217
28057660	315	327	permeability	T043	C0007605
28057660	335	338	BBB	T023	C0005854
28057660	359	368	increased	T081	C0205217
28057660	369	376	seizure	T184	C0036572
28057660	377	391	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28057660	395	403	patients	T101	C0030705
28057660	409	417	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28057660	423	434	endothelial	T024	C0014257
28057660	435	445	glycocalyx	T026	C0061622
28057660	449	456	coating	T080	C1522408
28057660	461	473	luminal side	T082	C0524462
28057660	481	492	endothelium	T024	C0014257
28057660	528	535	barrier	T033	C1704511
28057660	543	546	BBB	T042	C1305865
28057660	551	562	hypothesise	T078	C1512571
28057660	579	589	glycocalyx	T026	C0061622
28057660	590	599	thickness	T080	C1280412
28057660	620	629	aetiology	T169	C1314792
28057660	633	655	temporal lobe epilepsy	T047	C0014556
28057660	657	660	TLE	T047	C0014556
28057660	687	695	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28057660	716	724	protocol	T170	C2348563
28057660	737	751	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28057660	752	762	assessment	T062	C0936012
28057660	770	785	cerebrovascular	T080	C1880018
28057660	786	796	glycocalyx	T026	C0061622
28057660	797	806	thickness	T080	C1280412
28057660	810	818	patients	T101	C0030705
28057660	824	827	TLE	T047	C0014556
28057660	851	860	thickness	T080	C1280412
28057660	864	873	decreased	T081	C0205216
28057660	877	885	patients	T101	C0030705
28057660	891	894	TLE	T047	C0014556
28057660	900	908	compared	T052	C1707455
28057660	914	922	controls	T096	C0009932
28057660	929	937	protocol	T170	C2348563
28057660	955	999	prospective observational case-control study	T062	C0007328
28057660	1003	1011	patients	T101	C0030705
28057660	1024	1047	resective brain surgery	T061	C0195960
28057660	1051	1060	treatment	T061	C0087111
28057660	1065	1068	TLE	T047	C0014556
28057660	1070	1086	Control subjects	T096	C0009932
28057660	1091	1099	patients	T101	C0030705
28057660	1110	1117	history	T033	C1287400
28057660	1121	1139	epileptic seizures	T047	C0014544
28057660	1155	1165	craniotomy	T061	C0010280
28057660	1169	1186	burr hole surgery	T061	C0040836
28057660	1210	1224	Intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28057660	1225	1235	glycocalyx	T026	C0061622
28057660	1236	1245	thickness	T080	C1280412
28057660	1262	1272	sublingual	T029	C0026638
28057660	1274	1282	cortical	T023	C0007776
28057660	1287	1298	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28057660	1299	1315	microcirculation	T042	C0025962
28057660	1333	1349	video microscopy	T059	C0242940
28057660	1356	1385	sidestream dark-field imaging	T060	C0011923
28057660	1387	1406	Demographic details	T185	C1698647
28057660	1408	1415	seizure	T184	C0036572
28057660	1416	1431	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28057660	1433	1441	epilepsy	T078	C1512571
28057660	1442	1454	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28057660	1456	1470	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28057660	1456	1470	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28057660	1471	1483	haemodynamic	T042	C0019010
28057660	1484	1494	parameters	T077	C0549193
28057660	1499	1516	histopathological	T169	C0243140
28057660	1517	1527	evaluation	T062	C0936012
28057660	1560	1568	protocol	T170	C2348563
28057660	1588	1596	approved	T080	C0205540
28057660	1604	1635	local medical ethical committee	T097	C0085546
28057660	1661	1669	complies	T169	C4281991
28057660	1679	1743	Declaration of Helsinki and principles of Good Clinical Practice	T170	C2986419
28057660	1754	1761	consent	T169	C1511481
28057660	1781	1786	study	T062	C2603343
28057660	1806	1816	coded data	T078	C1547332
28057660	1845	1853	database	T170	C0242356
28057660	1867	1878	audit trail	T078	C3858570
28057660	1880	1887	Results	T169	C1274040
28057660	1896	1905	submitted	T169	C1515023
28057660	1909	1945	international peer-reviewed journals	T170	C2985503
28057660	1963	1976	international	T078	C1512888
28057660	1977	1988	conferences	T068	C0086047

28057994|t|A completely calcified prostate
28057994|a|Prostatic calcification and prostatic calculus formation is commonly seen in adult population with chronic prostatitis, however, gross prostatic calcification which involves more than 3 cm(2) of the gland is quite rare. We are presenting here one such case in which almost whole glandular prostate was converted into stone which is never reported so far.
28057994	2	12	completely	T080	C0205197
28057994	13	22	calcified	T080	C0175895
28057994	23	31	prostate	T023	C0033572
28057994	32	55	Prostatic calcification	T047	C1868729
28057994	60	78	prostatic calculus	T047	C0149525
28057994	79	88	formation	T169	C1522492
28057994	109	114	adult	T100	C0001675
28057994	115	125	population	T098	C1257890
28057994	131	150	chronic prostatitis	T047	C0085696
28057994	167	190	prostatic calcification	T047	C1868729
28057994	231	236	gland	T023	C0033572
28057994	246	250	rare	T080	C0522498
28057994	259	269	presenting	T078	C0449450
28057994	284	288	case	T169	C0868928
28057994	311	329	glandular prostate	T023	C0033572
28057994	334	343	converted	T169	C0392747
28057994	349	354	stone	T031	C0006736

28058039|t|Assessment of IL-28: rs12979860 and rs8099917 Polymorphisms in a Cohort of Cuban Chronic HCV Genotype 1b Patients
28058039|a|Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant global public health problem with >185 million infections worldwide. A series of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has identified IL-28B polymorphisms as a predictor of sustained virologic response (SVR), as well as spontaneous clearance in chronic HCV genotype 1 patients. The objective of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of IL-28B rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms in Cuban chronic HCV patients. The study cohort included 73 chronic HCV patients treated with concomitant administration of CIGB-230 and nonpegylated IFN-α plus ribavirin (non-pegIFN-α / R) antiviral therapy. The genotype distribution of IL-28B rs12979860CC, - CT, and - TT was 29, 41, and 30%, respectively, and the distribution for rs8099917TT, - TG, and - GG was 63, 31, and 5%, respectively. The allele frequencies for rs12979860C and - T alleles were 51 and 49%, respectively, and for rs8099917G and - T alleles, the values were 21 and 79%, respectively. SVR rates were 55, 42, and 35% for rs12979860CC, - CT, and - TT, respectively, and 52, 30, and 25% for rs8099917TT, - GT, and - GG, respectively. The combined assessment of both single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) resulted in 3 major genotypes (rs12979860CC / rs8099917TT, rs12979860CT / rs8099917TT, and rs12979860CT / rs8099917GG) with a frequency of 30.1, 21.9, and 20.5%, respectively. In patients with heterozygous variant rs12979860CT, the additional genotyping of rs8099917 contributed to increase the SVR rate. It is concluded that in Cuban HCV - infected patients, the responder homogeneous variant rs8099917TT is the most frequent genotype. The simultaneous genotyping of 2 IL-28B SNPs could improve the prediction of SVR contributing to better therapeutic decisions and treatment management.
28058039	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
28058039	14	19	IL-28	T028	C1425475
28058039	21	31	rs12979860	T028	C3476056
28058039	36	45	rs8099917	T028	C0678941
28058039	46	59	Polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
28058039	65	71	Cohort	T098	C0599755
28058039	75	80	Cuban	T098	C1553379
28058039	81	104	Chronic HCV Genotype 1b	T047	C4049394
28058039	105	113	Patients	T101	C0030705
28058039	114	131	Hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
28058039	133	136	HCV	T005	C0220847
28058039	143	154	significant	T078	C0750502
28058039	155	161	global	T080	C2348867
28058039	162	183	public health problem	T078	C0021788
28058039	202	212	infections	T046	C3714514
28058039	213	222	worldwide	T098	C2700280
28058039	226	232	series	T081	C0205549
28058039	236	267	genome-wide association studies	T063	C2350277
28058039	269	273	GWAS	T063	C2350277
28058039	290	296	IL-28B	T028	C1425475
28058039	297	310	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
28058039	316	325	predictor	T078	C2698872
28058039	329	357	sustained virologic response	T033	C4050171
28058039	359	362	SVR	T033	C4050171
28058039	376	387	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28058039	388	397	clearance	T080	C0449297
28058039	401	423	chronic HCV genotype 1	T047	C4049394
28058039	424	432	patients	T101	C0030705
28058039	438	447	objective	T170	C0018017
28058039	456	460	work	T057	C0043227
28058039	468	476	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28058039	481	491	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28058039	495	512	IL-28B rs12979860	T028	C3476056
28058039	517	526	rs8099917	T028	C0678941
28058039	527	540	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
28058039	544	549	Cuban	T098	C1553379
28058039	550	557	chronic	T079	C0205191
28058039	558	561	HCV	T005	C0220847
28058039	562	570	patients	T101	C0030705
28058039	576	588	study cohort	T081	C0009247
28058039	601	608	chronic	T079	C0205191
28058039	609	612	HCV	T005	C0220847
28058039	613	621	patients	T101	C0030705
28058039	622	634	treated with	T061	C0332293
28058039	635	646	concomitant	T079	C0521115
28058039	647	661	administration	T061	C1533734
28058039	665	673	CIGB-230	T114,T121,T129	C3851847
28058039	678	696	nonpegylated IFN-α	T116,T121,T129	C0002199
28058039	702	711	ribavirin	T114,T121	C0035525
28058039	713	725	non-pegIFN-α	T116,T121,T129	C0002199
28058039	728	729	R	T114,T121	C0035525
28058039	731	748	antiviral therapy	T061	C0280274
28058039	754	762	genotype	T032	C0017431
28058039	763	775	distribution	T169	C1704711
28058039	779	798	IL-28B rs12979860CC	T028	C0678941
28058039	802	804	CT	T028	C0678941
28058039	812	814	TT	T028	C0678941
28058039	858	870	distribution	T169	C1704711
28058039	875	886	rs8099917TT	T028	C0678941
28058039	890	892	TG	T028	C0678941
28058039	900	902	GG	T028	C0678941
28058039	941	959	allele frequencies	T081	C0017270
28058039	964	975	rs12979860C	T028	C0678941
28058039	982	983	T	T028	C0678941
28058039	984	991	alleles	T028	C0002085
28058039	1031	1041	rs8099917G	T028	C0678941
28058039	1048	1049	T	T028	C0678941
28058039	1050	1057	alleles	T028	C0002085
28058039	1063	1069	values	T080	C0042295
28058039	1101	1104	SVR	T033	C4050171
28058039	1105	1110	rates	T081	C1521828
28058039	1136	1148	rs12979860CC	T028	C0678941
28058039	1152	1154	CT	T028	C0678941
28058039	1162	1164	TT	T028	C0678941
28058039	1204	1215	rs8099917TT	T028	C0678941
28058039	1219	1221	GT	T028	C0678941
28058039	1229	1231	GG	T028	C0678941
28058039	1260	1270	assessment	T058	C0220825
28058039	1279	1310	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28058039	1312	1316	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28058039	1318	1326	resulted	T169	C1274040
28058039	1338	1347	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28058039	1349	1361	rs12979860CC	T028	C0678941
28058039	1364	1375	rs8099917TT	T028	C0678941
28058039	1377	1389	rs12979860CT	T028	C0678941
28058039	1392	1403	rs8099917TT	T028	C0678941
28058039	1409	1421	rs12979860CT	T028	C0678941
28058039	1424	1435	rs8099917GG	T028	C0678941
28058039	1444	1453	frequency	T081	C1705502
28058039	1497	1505	patients	T101	C0030705
28058039	1511	1523	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
28058039	1524	1531	variant	T028	C0678941
28058039	1532	1544	rs12979860CT	T028	C0678941
28058039	1561	1571	genotyping	T059,T063	C3178894
28058039	1575	1584	rs8099917	T028	C0678941
28058039	1600	1608	increase	T169	C0442805
28058039	1613	1616	SVR	T033	C4050171
28058039	1617	1621	rate	T081	C1521828
28058039	1647	1652	Cuban	T098	C1553379
28058039	1653	1656	HCV	T005	C0220847
28058039	1659	1667	infected	T033	C0439663
28058039	1668	1676	patients	T101	C0030705
28058039	1682	1691	responder	T033	C0919876
28058039	1692	1703	homogeneous	T080	C1881065
28058039	1704	1711	variant	T028	C0678941
28058039	1712	1723	rs8099917TT	T028	C0678941
28058039	1736	1744	frequent	T079	C0332183
28058039	1745	1753	genotype	T032	C0017431
28058039	1759	1771	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28058039	1772	1782	genotyping	T059,T063	C3178894
28058039	1788	1794	IL-28B	T028	C1425475
28058039	1795	1799	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28058039	1806	1813	improve	T033	C0184511
28058039	1818	1828	prediction	T078	C0681842
28058039	1832	1835	SVR	T033	C4050171
28058039	1859	1870	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28058039	1871	1880	decisions	T041	C0679006
28058039	1885	1905	treatment management	T058	C0030677

28058258|t|Proliferation -Related Activity in Endothelial Cells Is Enhanced by Micropower Plasma
28058258|a|Nonthermal plasma has received a lot of attention as a medical treatment technique in recent years. It can easily create various reactive chemical species (ROS) and is harmless to living body. Although plasma at gas - liquid interface has a potential for a biomedical application, the interactions between the gas - liquid plasma and living cells remain unclear. Here, we show characteristics of a micropower plasma with 0.018 W of the power input, generated at gas - liquid interface. We also provide the evidence of plasma -induced enhancement in proliferation activity of endothelial cells. The plasma produced H2O2, HNO2, and HNO3 in phosphate buffered saline containing Mg(++) and Ca(++) (PBS (+)), and their concentration increased linearly during 600-second discharge. The value of pH in PBS (+) against the plasma discharge time was stable at about 7.0. Temperature in PBS (+) rose monotonically, and its rise was up to 0.8°C at the bottom of a cell-cultured dish by the plasma discharge for 600 s. Short-time treatment of the plasma enhanced proliferation activity of endothelial cells. In contrast, the treatment of H2O2 does not enhance the cell proliferation. Thus, the ROS production and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation due to the plasma treatment might be related to enhancement of the cell proliferation. Our results may potentially provide the basis for developing the biomedical applications using the gas - liquid plasma.
28058258	0	13	Proliferation	T043	C0596290
28058258	35	52	Endothelial Cells	T025	C0225336
28058258	56	64	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
28058258	79	85	Plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	86	103	Nonthermal plasma	T058	C0752188
28058258	141	168	medical treatment technique	UnknownType	C0679624
28058258	215	240	reactive chemical species	T123,T196	C0162772
28058258	242	245	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28058258	266	277	living body	T016	C0242821
28058258	288	294	plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	288	294	plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	298	301	gas	T104	C0017110
28058258	304	310	liquid	T167	C0302908
28058258	311	320	interface	T082	C1254362
28058258	343	365	biomedical application	T058	C0752188
28058258	396	399	gas	T104	C0017110
28058258	402	408	liquid	T167	C0302908
28058258	409	415	plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	420	432	living cells	T025	C0007634
28058258	495	501	plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	548	551	gas	T104	C0017110
28058258	554	560	liquid	T167	C0302908
28058258	561	570	interface	T082	C1254362
28058258	604	610	plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	620	631	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28058258	635	648	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28058258	661	678	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28058258	684	690	plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	700	704	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28058258	706	710	HNO2	T197	C0028214
28058258	716	720	HNO3	T131,T197	C0068808
28058258	724	742	phosphate buffered	T121,T130	C0991865
28058258	743	749	saline	T167	C0036082
28058258	761	767	Mg(++)	T123,T196	C0024467
28058258	772	778	Ca(++)	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28058258	780	783	PBS	T121,T130	C0991865
28058258	800	813	concentration	T081	C1446561
28058258	840	860	600-second discharge	T079	C3864299
28058258	875	877	pH	T081	C0020283
28058258	881	884	PBS	T121,T130	C0991865
28058258	901	907	plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	908	922	discharge time	T079	C3864299
28058258	948	959	Temperature	T081	C0039476
28058258	963	966	PBS	T121,T130	C0991865
28058258	1039	1052	cell-cultured	T025	C0007635
28058258	1065	1071	plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	1072	1091	discharge for 600 s	T079	C3864299
28058258	1104	1113	treatment	T169	C1522326
28058258	1104	1113	treatment	T169	C1522326
28058258	1121	1127	plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	1128	1136	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28058258	1137	1150	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28058258	1163	1180	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28058258	1199	1208	treatment	T169	C1522326
28058258	1212	1216	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28058258	1238	1256	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28058258	1268	1271	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28058258	1344	1350	plasma	T104	C0017110
28058258	1351	1360	treatment	T169	C1522326
28058258	1381	1392	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28058258	1400	1418	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28058258	1485	1508	biomedical applications	T058	C0752188
28058258	1519	1522	gas	T104	C0017110
28058258	1525	1531	liquid	T167	C0302908
28058258	1532	1538	plasma	T104	C0017110

28058375|t|A rare cause of gastric obstruction: Lighters swallowing
28058375|a|The majority of swallowed foreign bodies are thrown spontaneously without causing complications in the digestive system. Multiple number of foreign bodies may be swallowed by psychiatric patients which delay diagnosis and increase the complication rate. Long and hard objects cannot pass through the pylorus, and may cause obstruction, ulceration, bleeding and perforation. Endoscopy is used as an effective method in such cases. An exploratory laparatomy was performed after unsuccessful endoscopic foreign object removal in a 28-year-old schizophrenic patient with gastric outlet obstruction due to multiple cigarette lighter swallowing. Ten lighters were removed from the stomach through gastrotomy and one more lighter was removed from the descending colon by milking through the anus. The aim of this paper is to discuss encountered difficulties in psychiatric patients who underwent surgery due to intake of foreign bodies.
28058375	2	6	rare	T080	C0522498
28058375	7	12	cause	T169	C0015127
28058375	16	35	gastric obstruction	T047	C0149700
28058375	37	45	Lighters	T073	C0336770
28058375	46	56	swallowing	T040	C0011167
28058375	61	69	majority	T080	C0205164
28058375	73	97	swallowed foreign bodies	T033	C0520753
28058375	102	108	thrown	T080	C0849355
28058375	109	122	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
28058375	123	130	without	T080	C0332288
28058375	131	138	causing	T169	C0678227
28058375	139	152	complications	T046	C0009566
28058375	160	176	digestive system	T022	C0012240
28058375	178	186	Multiple	T081	C0439064
28058375	187	193	number	T081	C0237753
28058375	197	211	foreign bodies	T037	C0016542
28058375	219	228	swallowed	T040	C0011167
28058375	232	252	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
28058375	259	274	delay diagnosis	T080	C2718036
28058375	279	287	increase	T169	C0442805
28058375	292	304	complication	T046	C0009566
28058375	305	309	rate	T081	C1521828
28058375	311	315	Long	T080	C0205166
28058375	320	324	hard	T080	C0018599
28058375	325	332	objects	T037	C0016542
28058375	357	364	pylorus	T023	C0034196
28058375	374	379	cause	T169	C0015127
28058375	380	391	obstruction	T046	C0028778
28058375	393	403	ulceration	T046	C3887532
28058375	405	413	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28058375	418	429	perforation	T033	C0549099
28058375	431	440	Endoscopy	T060	C0014245
28058375	444	448	used	T169	C1524063
28058375	455	464	effective	T080	C1704419
28058375	465	471	method	T169	C0449851
28058375	480	485	cases	T169	C0868928
28058375	490	512	exploratory laparatomy	T060	C0085704
28058375	517	526	performed	T169	C0884358
28058375	533	545	unsuccessful	T080	C1272705
28058375	546	556	endoscopic	T082	C0442418
28058375	557	571	foreign object	T037	C0016542
28058375	572	579	removal	T061	C0015252
28058375	597	610	schizophrenic	T048	C0036341
28058375	611	618	patient	T101	C0030705
28058375	624	650	gastric outlet obstruction	T047	C0162651
28058375	651	657	due to	T169	C0678226
28058375	658	666	multiple	T081	C0439064
28058375	667	684	cigarette lighter	T073	C0336770
28058375	685	695	swallowing	T040	C0011167
28058375	701	709	lighters	T073	C0336770
28058375	715	722	removed	T080	C0849355
28058375	732	739	stomach	T023	C0038351
28058375	740	747	through	T169	C0332273
28058375	748	758	gastrotomy	T061	C0192401
28058375	772	779	lighter	T073	C0336770
28058375	784	791	removed	T080	C0849355
28058375	801	817	descending colon	T023	C0227389
28058375	821	828	milking	T061	C0185115
28058375	829	836	through	T169	C0332273
28058375	841	845	anus	T023	C0003461
28058375	895	907	difficulties	T033	C0033213
28058375	911	931	psychiatric patients	T101	C0748064
28058375	946	953	surgery	T061	C0543467
28058375	954	960	due to	T169	C0678226
28058375	961	967	intake	T169	C1512806
28058375	971	985	foreign bodies	T037	C0016542

28058593|t|Ceftaroline fosamil for community-acquired pneumonia and skin and skin structure infections: a systematic review
28058593|a|Background Ceftaroline is a parentally administered cephalosporin that has an in vitro expanded spectrum of activity compared with other cephalosporins yet data is conflicting regarding its place in therapy. Aim of the Review To compare the efficacy and safety of ceftaroline against standard antibiotic regimens for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs). Method The databases of MEDLINE, EBSCO, and Embase were searched up to June 2016. Manual review of references was completed and experts in the field were contacted for unpublished data. Randomized controlled trials of ceftaroline in CAP or cSSSI populations were included. Outcomes included clinical cure, mortality, adverse events, serious adverse events, and discontinuation due to adverse events. Meta-analysis was used to pool results for these outcomes. We performed subgroup analyses for gram positive infections in CAP and infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cSSSIs. Risk of bias was assessed for all studies. Results Six trials (three for each indication) were included, each of which had an unclear or high risk of bias in at least one domain. For CAP, ceftaroline was significantly more efficacious in achieving clinical cure than ceftriaxone [risk ratio (RR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.19; I(2) = 47%]. For cSSSIs, there was no significant difference in clinical cure between ceftaroline and vancomycin plus aztreonam (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.97-1.05; I(2) = 0%). No differences were found for overall mortality, serious adverse events, discontinuation due to adverse events, and overall adverse events. Conclusion Ceftaroline is a viable therapeutic alternative for patients with CAP and cSSSIs, yet identified risks of bias and poor external validity preclude it from being recommended as a first-line agent.
28058593	0	19	Ceftaroline fosamil	T109,T195	C2001525
28058593	24	52	community-acquired pneumonia	T047	C0694549
28058593	57	61	skin	T022	C1123023
28058593	66	91	skin structure infections	T046	C3714514
28058593	95	112	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28058593	124	135	Ceftaroline	T109,T195	C2001525
28058593	152	164	administered	T169	C1621583
28058593	165	178	cephalosporin	T109,T195	C3536856
28058593	191	199	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28058593	200	208	expanded	T082	C0205229
28058593	221	229	activity	T044	C1321418
28058593	230	238	compared	T052	C1707455
28058593	250	264	cephalosporins	T109,T195	C3536856
28058593	269	273	data	T078	C1511726
28058593	312	319	therapy	T061	C0087111
28058593	332	338	Review	T170	C1955832
28058593	342	349	compare	T052	C1707455
28058593	354	362	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28058593	367	373	safety	T068	C0036043
28058593	377	388	ceftaroline	T109,T195	C2001525
28058593	406	416	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28058593	417	425	regimens	T061	C0040808
28058593	430	458	community-acquired pneumonia	T047	C0694549
28058593	460	463	CAP	T047	C0694549
28058593	469	515	complicated skin and skin structure infections	T046	C3714514
28058593	517	523	cSSSIs	T046	C3714514
28058593	537	546	databases	T170	C0242356
28058593	550	557	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28058593	559	564	EBSCO	T170	C0242356
28058593	570	576	Embase	T170	C0242356
28058593	608	649	Manual review of references was completed	T170	C3259354
28058593	654	661	experts	T097	C1522486
28058593	694	710	unpublished data	T170	C0887929
28058593	712	740	Randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28058593	744	755	ceftaroline	T109,T195	C2001525
28058593	759	762	CAP	T047	C0694549
28058593	766	771	cSSSI	T046	C3714514
28058593	772	783	populations	T098	C1257890
28058593	799	807	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
28058593	817	830	clinical cure	T033	C3640840
28058593	832	841	mortality	T081	C0205848
28058593	843	857	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28058593	859	881	serious adverse events	T033	C1519255
28058593	887	902	discontinuation	T061	C4288399
28058593	910	924	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28058593	926	939	Meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
28058593	975	983	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28058593	998	1006	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28058593	1007	1015	analyses	T062	C0936012
28058593	1020	1044	gram positive infections	T047	C0085426
28058593	1048	1051	CAP	T047	C0694549
28058593	1056	1066	infections	T046	C3714514
28058593	1077	1120	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C1265292
28058593	1124	1130	cSSSIs	T046	C3714514
28058593	1132	1136	Risk	T078	C0035647
28058593	1140	1144	bias	T078	C0242568
28058593	1166	1173	studies	T062	C2603343
28058593	1187	1193	trials	T062	C0681815
28058593	1274	1278	risk	T078	C0035647
28058593	1282	1286	bias	T078	C0242568
28058593	1315	1318	CAP	T047	C0694549
28058593	1320	1331	ceftaroline	T109,T195	C2001525
28058593	1355	1366	efficacious	T080	C1280519
28058593	1380	1393	clinical cure	T033	C3640840
28058593	1399	1410	ceftriaxone	T109,T195	C0007561
28058593	1412	1422	risk ratio	T081	C0242492
28058593	1424	1426	RR	T081	C0242492
28058593	1438	1457	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28058593	1459	1461	CI	T081	C0009667
28058593	1491	1497	cSSSIs	T046	C3714514
28058593	1538	1551	clinical cure	T033	C3640840
28058593	1560	1571	ceftaroline	T109,T195	C2001525
28058593	1576	1586	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28058593	1592	1601	aztreonam	T109,T195	C0004521
28058593	1603	1605	RR	T081	C0242492
28058593	1616	1618	CI	T081	C0009667
28058593	1680	1689	mortality	T081	C0205848
28058593	1691	1713	serious adverse events	T033	C1519255
28058593	1715	1730	discontinuation	T061	C4288399
28058593	1738	1752	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28058593	1766	1780	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28058593	1793	1804	Ceftaroline	T109,T195	C2001525
28058593	1817	1840	therapeutic alternative	T061	C0949216
28058593	1845	1853	patients	T101	C0030705
28058593	1859	1862	CAP	T047	C0694549
28058593	1867	1873	cSSSIs	T046	C3714514
28058593	1890	1895	risks	T078	C0035647
28058593	1899	1903	bias	T078	C0242568
28058593	1908	1930	poor external validity	T033	C2924039
28058593	1971	1987	first-line agent	T195	C0003232

28058834|t|pH -Dependent Transmembrane Activity of Peptide -Functionalized Gold Nanostars for Computed Tomography / Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy
28058834|a|Progress in multifunctional nanomaterials for tumor therapy mostly depends on the development of tumor - targeting delivery strategies. One approach is to explore a pH -responsive strategy to target the slightly acidic solid tumor microenvironment. A novel class of pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIPs) with pH -dependent transmembrane activity can fold and rapidly insert into the lipid bilayer of tumor cells triggered by acidity, facilitating the cellular internalization of nanomaterials synchronously. Here, we innovatively decorated gold nanostars (GNSs) with pHLIPs (GNS - pHLIP) to improve their targeting ability and photothermal therapeutic (PTT) efficiency. The obtained GNS - pHLIP exhibited the excellent characteristics of uniform size and good biocompatibility. As compared to GNS - mPEG, the cellular internalization of GNS - pHLIP was 1-fold higher after a 2 h incubation with cells in media at pH 6.4 than at pH 7.4. Moreover, the tumor accumulation of the GNS - pHLIP was 3-fold higher than that of GNS - mPEG after intravenous injection into MCF-7 breast tumor animal models for 24 h. Furthermore, GNS - pHLIP exhibited stronger signals than the GNS - mPEG through computed tomography (CT) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. Simultaneously, the desirable targeting efficiency significantly improved the PTT efficacy to tumors, with low side effects on normal tissues. The results clearly demonstrate that the GNS - pHLIP successfully took advantage of the tumor - targeting ability of pHLIPs and the good characteristics of GNS s, which may contribute to the study of tumor imaging and therapy.
28058834	0	2	pH	T081	C0020283
28058834	14	36	Transmembrane Activity	T044	C1148560
28058834	40	47	Peptide	T116	C0030956
28058834	64	78	Gold Nanostars	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	83	102	Computed Tomography	T060	C0040405
28058834	105	126	Photoacoustic Imaging	T060	C3897929
28058834	131	151	Photothermal Therapy	T061	C0454527
28058834	152	160	Progress	T169	C1280477
28058834	164	193	multifunctional nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28058834	198	211	tumor therapy	T061	C0920425
28058834	234	245	development	T169	C1527148
28058834	249	254	tumor	T191	C0027651
28058834	257	266	targeting	T169	C1521840
28058834	267	286	delivery strategies	T061	C0087111
28058834	292	300	approach	T169	C1292724
28058834	317	319	pH	T081	C0020283
28058834	332	340	strategy	T169	C0449851
28058834	344	350	target	T169	C1521840
28058834	364	399	acidic solid tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
28058834	418	445	pH (low) insertion peptides	T116,T123	C2606266
28058834	447	453	pHLIPs	T116,T123	C2606266
28058834	460	462	pH	T081	C0020283
28058834	474	496	transmembrane activity	T044	C1148560
28058834	501	505	fold	T082	C0332462
28058834	518	524	insert	T169	C0205245
28058834	534	547	lipid bilayer	T026	C0023768
28058834	551	562	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
28058834	576	583	acidity	T070	C1254365
28058834	602	626	cellular internalization	T067	C1254366
28058834	630	643	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28058834	644	657	synchronously	T079	C0439580
28058834	691	705	gold nanostars	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	707	711	GNSs	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	718	724	pHLIPs	T116,T123	C2606266
28058834	726	729	GNS	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	732	737	pHLIP	T116,T123	C2606266
28058834	756	765	targeting	T169	C1521840
28058834	778	802	photothermal therapeutic	T061	C0454527
28058834	804	807	PTT	T061	C0454527
28058834	809	819	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28058834	834	837	GNS	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	840	845	pHLIP	T116,T123	C2606266
28058834	870	885	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28058834	897	901	size	T082	C0456389
28058834	911	927	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28058834	944	947	GNS	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	950	954	mPEG	T109	C0066763
28058834	960	984	cellular internalization	T067	C1254366
28058834	988	991	GNS	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	994	999	pHLIP	T116,T123	C2606266
28058834	1046	1051	cells	T025	C0007634
28058834	1055	1060	media	T167	C1705217
28058834	1064	1066	pH	T081	C0020283
28058834	1079	1081	pH	T081	C0020283
28058834	1101	1106	tumor	T191	C0027651
28058834	1107	1119	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28058834	1127	1130	GNS	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	1133	1138	pHLIP	T116,T123	C2606266
28058834	1170	1173	GNS	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	1176	1180	mPEG	T109	C0066763
28058834	1187	1208	intravenous injection	T169	C0021494
28058834	1214	1219	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28058834	1220	1232	breast tumor	T191	C1458155
28058834	1233	1246	animal models	T050	C0012644
28058834	1270	1273	GNS	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	1276	1281	pHLIP	T116,T123	C2606266
28058834	1301	1308	signals	T067	C1710082
28058834	1318	1321	GNS	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	1324	1328	mPEG	T109	C0066763
28058834	1337	1356	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28058834	1358	1360	CT	T060	C0040405
28058834	1366	1392	photoacoustic (PA) imaging	T060	C3897929
28058834	1424	1433	targeting	T169	C1521840
28058834	1434	1444	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28058834	1472	1475	PTT	T061	C0454527
28058834	1476	1484	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28058834	1488	1494	tumors	T191	C0027651
28058834	1505	1517	side effects	T046	C0879626
28058834	1528	1535	tissues	T024	C0040300
28058834	1578	1581	GNS	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	1584	1589	pHLIP	T116,T123	C2606266
28058834	1625	1630	tumor	T191	C0027651
28058834	1633	1642	targeting	T169	C1521840
28058834	1654	1660	pHLIPs	T116,T123	C2606266
28058834	1674	1689	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28058834	1693	1696	GNS	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	1693	1698	GNS s	T121,T196	C0018026
28058834	1737	1742	tumor	T191	C0027651
28058834	1743	1750	imaging	T060	C0011923
28058834	1755	1762	therapy	T061	C0087111

28059412|t|Stepwise cyclopropanation on the polycyclopropanated polyketide formation in jawsamycin biosynthesis
28059412|a|Jawsamycin is a polyketide - nucleoside hybrid with a unique polycyclopropane moiety on a single polyketide chain. The unexpected isolation of cyclopropane deficient jawsamycin analogs allowed us to propose a stepwise cyclopropanation mechanism for the enzymatic synthesis of this polyketide. The concise timing of the cyclopropanation could be regulated by a delicate balance between reaction rates of the condensation and cyclopropanation reactions.
28059412	9	25	cyclopropanation	T044	C1511131
28059412	33	63	polycyclopropanated polyketide	T109,T121	C3179052
28059412	77	87	jawsamycin	T109,T195	C0003240
28059412	88	100	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
28059412	101	111	Jawsamycin	T109,T195	C0003240
28059412	117	127	polyketide	T109,T121	C3179052
28059412	130	140	nucleoside	T114	C0028621
28059412	162	178	polycyclopropane	T109,T121	C0010587
28059412	198	214	polyketide chain	T109,T121	C3179052
28059412	244	256	cyclopropane	T109,T121	C0010587
28059412	267	277	jawsamycin	T109,T195	C0003240
28059412	319	335	cyclopropanation	T044	C1511131
28059412	336	345	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28059412	354	363	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28059412	364	373	synthesis	T169	C0005572
28059412	382	392	polyketide	T109,T121	C3179052
28059412	420	436	cyclopropanation	T044	C1511131
28059412	486	500	reaction rates	T079	C0678608
28059412	508	520	condensation	T067	C0596312
28059412	525	551	cyclopropanation reactions	T044	C1511131

28060068|t|Risk Factors, Clinical Features, and Treatment Outcomes of Recurrent Mooren Ulcers in China
28060068|a|To investigate risk factors, clinical features, and treatment outcomes of recurrent Mooren ulcers in China. Medical records of 139 patients (173 eyes) with Mooren ulcers, including 37 patients (38 eyes) with recurrence, were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical features and treatment outcomes were evaluated. The risk factors for ulcer recurrence were analyzed with logistic regression; the cumulative risk of recurrence was assessed with Kaplan-Meier analysis. The ratio of males to females with Mooren ulcers was 1.62:1. As to age, 32 of 106 patients aged >35 years and 5 of 33 younger patients (28 males and 9 females) had recurrence. Forty-one patients had bilateral disease (7 eyes removed before their visit to our hospital were excluded) and 98 patients had unilateral disease, with recurrence in 10 and 27 patients, respectively. Thirty eyes had recurrence around the primary lesion; 27 eyes had recurrence within 12 months after treatment. Of all eyes, 97.7% were saved and 81.5% retained vision better than 0.05. The cumulative risk of first recurrence at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months was 10.4%, 17.1%, 22.5%, 27.2%, and 28.6%, respectively. Male sex (P = 0.043) and surgical treatment (P = 0.035) were significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence. This study provided the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with recurrent Mooren ulcers in China. The cumulative risk of first recurrence at 4 years after treatment was 28.6%. Male patients and patients with severe ulcers that required surgery had an increased risk of recurrence.
28060068	0	12	Risk Factors	T033	C0035648
28060068	14	22	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28060068	23	31	Features	T080	C1521970
28060068	37	55	Treatment Outcomes	T080	C0085415
28060068	59	68	Recurrent	T079	C2945760
28060068	69	82	Mooren Ulcers	T047	C0155072
28060068	86	91	China	T083	C0008115
28060068	95	106	investigate	T169	C1292732
28060068	107	119	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28060068	121	129	clinical	T080	C0205210
28060068	130	138	features	T080	C1521970
28060068	144	162	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
28060068	166	175	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28060068	176	189	Mooren ulcers	T047	C0155072
28060068	193	198	China	T083	C0008115
28060068	200	215	Medical records	T170	C0025102
28060068	223	231	patients	T101	C0030705
28060068	237	241	eyes	T023	C0015392
28060068	248	261	Mooren ulcers	T047	C0155072
28060068	263	272	including	T169	C0332257
28060068	276	284	patients	T101	C0030705
28060068	289	293	eyes	T023	C0015392
28060068	300	310	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28060068	317	332	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28060068	333	341	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28060068	343	351	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28060068	352	360	features	T080	C1521970
28060068	365	383	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
28060068	389	398	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28060068	404	416	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28060068	421	426	ulcer	T047	C0041582
28060068	427	437	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28060068	443	451	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28060068	457	476	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28060068	482	492	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28060068	493	511	risk of recurrence	T081	C2986492
28060068	516	524	assessed	T052	C1516048
28060068	530	551	Kaplan-Meier analysis	T081	C1720943
28060068	557	562	ratio	T081	C0456603
28060068	566	571	males	T032	C0086582
28060068	575	582	females	T032	C0086287
28060068	588	601	Mooren ulcers	T047	C0155072
28060068	620	623	age	T032	C0001779
28060068	635	643	patients	T101	C0030705
28060068	644	648	aged	T032	C0001779
28060068	671	678	younger	T079	C1254367
28060068	679	687	patients	T101	C0030705
28060068	692	697	males	T032	C0086582
28060068	704	711	females	T032	C0086287
28060068	717	727	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28060068	739	747	patients	T101	C0030705
28060068	752	769	bilateral disease	T033	C1511113
28060068	773	777	eyes	T023	C0015392
28060068	778	785	removed	T080	C0849355
28060068	799	804	visit	T053	C0545082
28060068	812	820	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28060068	826	834	excluded	T052	C2828389
28060068	843	851	patients	T101	C0030705
28060068	856	874	unilateral disease	T033	C4035394
28060068	881	891	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28060068	905	913	patients	T101	C0030705
28060068	936	940	eyes	T023	C0015392
28060068	945	955	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28060068	967	981	primary lesion	T047	C1402294
28060068	986	990	eyes	T023	C0015392
28060068	995	1005	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28060068	1016	1022	months	T079	C0439231
28060068	1029	1038	treatment	T061	C0087111
28060068	1047	1051	eyes	T023	C0015392
28060068	1080	1088	retained	T169	C0333118
28060068	1089	1095	vision	T040	C0042789
28060068	1118	1128	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28060068	1129	1153	risk of first recurrence	T081	C2986492
28060068	1179	1185	months	T079	C0439231
28060068	1243	1247	Male	T032	C0086582
28060068	1248	1251	sex	T032	C0079399
28060068	1268	1286	surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
28060068	1304	1317	significantly	T078	C0750502
28060068	1318	1333	associated with	T080	C0332281
28060068	1347	1365	risk of recurrence	T081	C2986492
28060068	1372	1377	study	T062	C2603343
28060068	1378	1386	provided	T052	C1999230
28060068	1391	1415	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
28060068	1420	1438	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
28060068	1442	1450	patients	T101	C0030705
28060068	1456	1465	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28060068	1466	1479	Mooren ulcers	T047	C0155072
28060068	1483	1488	China	T083	C0008115
28060068	1494	1504	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28060068	1505	1529	risk of first recurrence	T081	C2986492
28060068	1547	1556	treatment	T061	C0087111
28060068	1568	1572	Male	T032	C0086582
28060068	1573	1581	patients	T101	C0030705
28060068	1586	1594	patients	T101	C0030705
28060068	1600	1606	severe	T080	C0205082
28060068	1607	1613	ulcers	T047	C0041582
28060068	1619	1627	required	T169	C1514873
28060068	1628	1635	surgery	T061	C0543467
28060068	1643	1652	increased	T081	C0205217
28060068	1653	1671	risk of recurrence	T081	C2986492

28060311|t|Biomass Conversion to Produce Hydrocarbon Liquid Fuel Via Hot-vapor Filtered Fast Pyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreating
28060311|a|Lignocellulosic biomass conversion to produce biofuels has received significant attention because of the quest for a replacement for fossil fuels. Among the various thermochemical and biochemical routes, fast pyrolysis followed by catalytic hydrotreating is considered to be a promising near-term opportunity. This paper reports on experimental methods used 1) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to produce bio-oils in a fluidized-bed reactor and 2) at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for catalytic hydrotreating of bio-oils in a two-stage, fixed-bed, continuous-flow catalytic reactor. The configurations of the reactor systems, the operating procedures, and the processing and analysis of feedstocks, bio-oils, and biofuels are described in detail in this paper. We also demonstrate hot-vapor filtration during fast pyrolysis to remove fine char particles and inorganic contaminants from bio-oil. Representative results showed successful conversion of biomass feedstocks to fuel-range hydrocarbon biofuels and, specifically, the effect of hot-vapor filtration on bio-oil production and upgrading. The protocols provided in this report could help to generate rigorous and reliable data for biomass pyrolysis and bio-oil hydrotreating research.
28060311	0	7	Biomass	T081	C0005535
28060311	8	18	Conversion	T169	C0439836
28060311	30	41	Hydrocarbon	T109	C0020242
28060311	42	53	Liquid Fuel	T167	C0016613
28060311	58	67	Hot-vapor	T104	C0597635
28060311	68	76	Filtered	T068	C0016107
28060311	77	91	Fast Pyrolysis	T067	C1522240
28060311	96	105	Catalytic	T067	C0175921
28060311	106	119	Hydrotreating	T067	C1522240
28060311	120	135	Lignocellulosic	T109	C0064974
28060311	136	143	biomass	T081	C0005535
28060311	144	154	conversion	T169	C0439836
28060311	166	174	biofuels	T109	C2717891
28060311	225	230	quest	T078	C0750565
28060311	237	248	replacement	T169	C0559956
28060311	285	299	thermochemical	T169	C0205245
28060311	304	315	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28060311	324	338	fast pyrolysis	T067	C1522240
28060311	351	360	catalytic	T067	C0175921
28060311	361	374	hydrotreating	T067	C1522240
28060311	452	472	experimental methods	T062	C0871738
28060311	536	550	fast pyrolysis	T067	C1522240
28060311	554	569	lignocellulosic	T109	C0064974
28060311	570	577	biomass	T081	C0005535
28060311	589	597	bio-oils	T109	C4310056
28060311	603	624	fluidized-bed reactor	T073	C3273359
28060311	684	693	catalytic	T067	C0175921
28060311	694	707	hydrotreating	T067	C1522240
28060311	711	719	bio-oils	T109	C4310056
28060311	736	780	fixed-bed, continuous-flow catalytic reactor	T073	C3273359
28060311	786	800	configurations	T082	C0449830
28060311	808	823	reactor systems	T073	C3273359
28060311	829	849	operating procedures	T169	C3242339
28060311	859	869	processing	T052	C1709694
28060311	874	882	analysis	T062	C0936012
28060311	886	896	feedstocks	T081	C0005535
28060311	898	906	bio-oils	T109	C4310056
28060311	912	920	biofuels	T109	C2717891
28060311	980	989	hot-vapor	T104	C0597635
28060311	990	1000	filtration	T068	C0016107
28060311	1008	1022	fast pyrolysis	T067	C1522240
28060311	1033	1052	fine char particles	T104	C0597177
28060311	1067	1079	contaminants	T167	C2827365
28060311	1085	1092	bio-oil	T109	C4310056
28060311	1135	1145	conversion	T169	C0439836
28060311	1149	1167	biomass feedstocks	T081	C0005535
28060311	1171	1181	fuel-range	T167	C0016613
28060311	1182	1193	hydrocarbon	T109	C0020242
28060311	1194	1202	biofuels	T109	C2717891
28060311	1236	1245	hot-vapor	T068	C0016107
28060311	1246	1256	filtration	T068	C0016107
28060311	1260	1267	bio-oil	T109	C4310056
28060311	1386	1393	biomass	T081	C0005535
28060311	1408	1415	bio-oil	T109	C4310056
28060311	1416	1429	hydrotreating	T067	C1522240

28061895|t|Initial experience with laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy for left-sided pancreatic cancer in a single institution: technical aspects and oncological outcomes
28061895|a|Laparoscopic surgery has been performed less frequently in the era of pancreatic cancer due to technical difficulties and concerns about oncological safety. Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) is expected to be helpful to obtain a negative margin during radical lymph node dissection. We hypothesized that it would also be favorable as a laparoscopic application due to unique features. Fifteen laparoscopic RAMPS for well-selected patients with left-sided pancreatic cancer were performed from July 2011 to April 2016. Five trocars were usually used, and the operative procedures and range of dissection were similar to or the same as those of open RAMPS described by Strasberg. All medical records and follow-up data were reviewed and analyzed. All patients had pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mean operative time was 219.3 ± 53.8 min, and estimated blood loss was 250 ± 70 ml. The length of postoperative hospital stay was 6.1 ± 1.2 days, and postoperative morbidities developed in two patients (13.3%) with urinary retention. The median number of retrieved lymph nodes was 18.1 ± 6.2 and all had negative margins. Median follow-up time was 46.0 months, and the 3-year disease free survival and overall survival rates were 56.3% and 74.1%, respectively. Our early experience with laparoscopic RAMPS achieved feasible perioperative results accompanied by acceptable survival outcomes. Laparoscopic RAMPS could be a safe and oncologically feasible procedure in well-selected patients with left-sided pancreatic cancer.
28061895	24	83	laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy	T061	C0519801
28061895	88	116	left-sided pancreatic cancer	T191	C0346647
28061895	129	140	institution	T093	C2607850
28061895	164	184	oncological outcomes	T033	C0679250
28061895	185	205	Laparoscopic surgery	T061	C0751429
28061895	255	272	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0346647
28061895	280	302	technical difficulties	T067	C1710348
28061895	322	333	oncological	T191	C0027651
28061895	334	340	safety	T068	C0036043
28061895	342	388	Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy	T061	C0842939
28061895	390	395	RAMPS	T061	C0842939
28061895	435	450	negative margin	T033	C1709157
28061895	458	487	radical lymph node dissection	T061	C0184919
28061895	527	536	favorable	T080	C3640814
28061895	542	566	laparoscopic application	T082	C0393360
28061895	599	611	laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
28061895	612	617	RAMPS	T061	C0842939
28061895	636	644	patients	T101	C0030705
28061895	650	678	left-sided pancreatic cancer	T191	C0346647
28061895	729	736	trocars	T074	C0041158
28061895	764	784	operative procedures	T061	C0543467
28061895	789	808	range of dissection	T061	C0242382
28061895	854	859	RAMPS	T061	C0842939
28061895	873	882	Strasberg	T170	C0805191
28061895	908	922	follow-up data	T170	C1704685
28061895	955	963	patients	T101	C0030705
28061895	968	1000	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
28061895	1007	1021	operative time	T079	C3494201
28061895	1048	1068	estimated blood loss	T033	C1443559
28061895	1090	1127	length of postoperative hospital stay	T079	C0023303
28061895	1152	1165	postoperative	T046	C0032787
28061895	1166	1177	morbidities	T081	C0026538
28061895	1195	1203	patients	T101	C0030705
28061895	1217	1234	urinary retention	T033	C0080274
28061895	1267	1278	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28061895	1306	1322	negative margins	T033	C1709157
28061895	1331	1340	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28061895	1378	1399	disease free survival	T081	C0242793
28061895	1404	1426	overall survival rates	T081	C0038954
28061895	1489	1501	laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
28061895	1502	1507	RAMPS	T061	C0842939
28061895	1526	1539	perioperative	T079	C1518988
28061895	1574	1591	survival outcomes	T081	C0038954
28061895	1593	1605	Laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
28061895	1606	1611	RAMPS	T061	C0842939
28061895	1632	1645	oncologically	T191	C0027651
28061895	1646	1664	feasible procedure	T080	C3831015
28061895	1682	1690	patients	T101	C0030705
28061895	1696	1724	left-sided pancreatic cancer	T191	C0346647

28062126|t|Cross reactivity of immune responses to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection
28062126|a|Because porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) exhibits extensive genetic variation among field isolates, characterizing the extent of cross reactivity of immune responses, and most importantly cell-mediated immunity (CMI), could help in the development of broadly cross-protective vaccines. We infected 12 PRRSV -naïve pigs with PRRSV strain FL12 and determined the number of interferon (IFN)-γ secreting cells (SC) by ELISpot assay using ten type 2 and one type 1 PRRSV isolates as recall antigens. The number of IFN-γ SC was extremely variable among animals, and with exceptions, late to appear. Cross reactivity of IFN-γ SC among type 2 isolates was broad, and we found no evidence of an association between increased genetic distance among isolates and the intensity of the CMI response. Comparable to IFN-γ SC, total antibodies evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) were cross reactive, however, neutralizing antibody titers could only be detected against the strain used for infection. Finally, we observed a moderate association between homologous IFN-γ SC and neutralizing antibodies.
28062126	0	16	Cross reactivity	T044	C0872139
28062126	20	36	immune responses	T042	C0301872
28062126	40	91	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus	T005	C0376536
28062126	92	101	infection	T046	C3714514
28062126	110	161	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus	T005	C0376536
28062126	163	168	PRRSV	T005	C0376536
28062126	179	188	extensive	T080	C0205231
28062126	189	206	genetic variation	T070	C0042333
28062126	219	227	isolates	T123	C1764827
28062126	248	254	extent	T082	C0439792
28062126	258	274	cross reactivity	T044	C0872139
28062126	278	294	immune responses	T042	C0301872
28062126	317	339	cell-mediated immunity	T043	C3536823
28062126	341	344	CMI	T043	C3536823
28062126	365	376	development	T169	C1527148
28062126	388	404	cross-protective	T033	C1545588
28062126	405	413	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
28062126	418	426	infected	T033	C0439663
28062126	430	435	PRRSV	T005	C0376536
28062126	443	447	pigs	T015	C0039005
28062126	453	470	PRRSV strain FL12	T005	C0376536
28062126	475	485	determined	T080	C0521095
28062126	500	518	interferon (IFN)-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28062126	519	534	secreting cells	T025	C0007634
28062126	536	538	SC	T025	C0007634
28062126	543	556	ELISpot assay	T059	C0677645
28062126	567	594	type 2 and one type 1 PRRSV	T005	C0376536
28062126	595	603	isolates	T123	C1764827
28062126	607	622	recall antigens	T033	C1855779
28062126	638	643	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28062126	644	646	SC	T025	C0007634
28062126	651	660	extremely	T080	C0205403
28062126	661	669	variable	T080	C0439828
28062126	676	683	animals	T008	C0003062
28062126	722	738	Cross reactivity	T044	C0872139
28062126	742	747	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28062126	748	750	SC	T025	C0007634
28062126	757	763	type 2	T005	C0376536
28062126	764	772	isolates	T123	C1764827
28062126	800	808	evidence	T078	C3887511
28062126	845	852	genetic	T169	C0314603
28062126	853	861	distance	T081	C0012751
28062126	868	876	isolates	T123	C1764827
28062126	902	914	CMI response	T043	C3536823
28062126	930	935	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28062126	936	938	SC	T025	C0007634
28062126	946	956	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28062126	970	1003	indirect immunofluorescence assay	T059	C0282647
28062126	1005	1008	IFA	T059	C0282647
28062126	1015	1029	cross reactive	T044	C0010357
28062126	1040	1061	neutralizing antibody	T116,T129	C0475463
28062126	1062	1068	titers	T081	C0475208
28062126	1083	1091	detected	T033	C0442726
28062126	1104	1110	strain	T080	C0456178
28062126	1120	1129	infection	T046	C3714514
28062126	1194	1199	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28062126	1200	1202	SC	T025	C0007634
28062126	1207	1230	neutralizing antibodies	T116,T129	C0475463

28062147|t|Periprocedural myocardial infarction during percutaneous coronary intervention in an academic tertiary centre in Johannesburg
28062147|a|Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is effective therapy for significant atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Despite medical and technological advances in PCI, periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) remains a common complication. The frequency and factors associated with PMI have been well investigated in the developed world, yet there is a paucity of data from the developing world, especially Sub-Saharan Africa. We prospectively enrolled 153 adult patients undergoing PCI at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital from the 1st of February 2014 to 31st October 2014. Periprocedural Creatinine Kinase-MB and hs-Troponin I were routinely measured before PCI and at 16-24h post-procedure. The third universal definition of myocardial infarction was used to define a PMI event. 152 participants met the inclusion criteria and were analysed for PMI. 70.4% participants were male. The mean age was 58.8 (SD 10.9) years old. Sixteen (10.5%) participants fulfilled the criteria for PMI. Side branch pinching with preserved TIMI III flow was noted in 62.5% of PMI cases. Duration of procedure (P=0.007), right coronary artery intervention (p=0.042) and total stent length (p=0.045) were independently associated with PMI. PMI occurred in 10.5% of cases undergoing PCI. This is consistent with the prevalence of PMI internationally. Larger multicentre studies are required in our demographic region to further define relevant predictors and outcomes associated with PMI.
28062147	0	36	Periprocedural myocardial infarction	T047	C3839342
28062147	44	78	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
28062147	85	109	academic tertiary centre	T073,T093	C0587437
28062147	113	125	Johannesburg	UnknownType	C0681784
28062147	126	160	Percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
28062147	162	165	PCI	T061	C1532338
28062147	170	179	effective	T080	C1704419
28062147	180	187	therapy	T061	C0087111
28062147	192	203	significant	T078	C0750502
28062147	204	243	atherosclerotic coronary artery disease	T047	C0010054
28062147	253	260	medical	T169	C0205476
28062147	265	287	technological advances	UnknownType	C0681519
28062147	291	294	PCI	T061	C1532338
28062147	296	332	periprocedural myocardial infarction	T047	C3839342
28062147	334	337	PMI	T047	C3839342
28062147	356	368	complication	T046	C0009566
28062147	374	383	frequency	T079	C0376249
28062147	388	395	factors	T169	C1521761
28062147	396	411	associated with	T080	C0332281
28062147	412	415	PMI	T047	C3839342
28062147	431	443	investigated	T169	C1292732
28062147	451	466	developed world	T098	C2700280
28062147	494	498	data	T078	C1511726
28062147	508	524	developing world	T098	C2700280
28062147	537	555	Sub-Saharan Africa	T083	C0001738
28062147	587	592	adult	T100	C0001675
28062147	593	601	patients	T101	C0030705
28062147	613	616	PCI	T061	C1532338
28062147	624	671	Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28062147	724	738	Periprocedural	T046	C1141861
28062147	739	759	Creatinine Kinase-MB	T059	C0523584
28062147	764	777	hs-Troponin I	T059	C0523952
28062147	793	801	measured	T080	C0444706
28062147	809	812	PCI	T061	C1532338
28062147	827	841	post-procedure	T079	C3272301
28062147	853	862	universal	T080	C0175671
28062147	863	873	definition	T170	C1704788
28062147	877	898	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28062147	920	923	PMI	T047	C3839342
28062147	935	947	participants	T098	C0679646
28062147	956	974	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28062147	984	992	analysed	T062	C0936012
28062147	997	1000	PMI	T047	C3839342
28062147	1008	1020	participants	T098	C0679646
28062147	1026	1030	male	T098	C0025266
28062147	1036	1044	mean age	T079	C0026062
28062147	1091	1103	participants	T098	C0679646
28062147	1118	1126	criteria	T078	C0243161
28062147	1131	1134	PMI	T047	C3839342
28062147	1148	1156	pinching	T037	C0418416
28062147	1172	1185	TIMI III flow	T033	C3272287
28062147	1208	1211	PMI	T047	C3839342
28062147	1219	1240	Duration of procedure	T079	C1442476
28062147	1252	1273	right coronary artery	T023	C0226042
28062147	1274	1286	intervention	T061	C0184661
28062147	1301	1319	total stent length	T081	C0449462
28062147	1349	1364	associated with	T080	C0332281
28062147	1365	1368	PMI	T047	C3839342
28062147	1370	1373	PMI	T047	C3839342
28062147	1374	1382	occurred	T052	C1709305
28062147	1412	1415	PCI	T061	C1532338
28062147	1425	1440	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28062147	1445	1455	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28062147	1459	1462	PMI	T047	C3839342
28062147	1487	1506	multicentre studies	T062	C1096776
28062147	1511	1519	required	T169	C1514873
28062147	1527	1545	demographic region	T090	C0011298
28062147	1564	1572	relevant	T080	C2347946
28062147	1573	1583	predictors	T078	C2698872
28062147	1588	1596	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28062147	1597	1612	associated with	T080	C0332281
28062147	1613	1616	PMI	T047	C3839342

28062192|t|Direct effects of glucose, insulin, GLP-1, and GIP on bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in neonatal wistar rats
28062192|a|Although patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) often exhibit hypertension, the mechanisms responsible for this correlation are not well known. We hypothesized that the bulbospinal neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are affected by the levels of glucose, insulin, or incretins (glucagon like peptide-1 [GLP-1] or glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide [GIP]) in patients with DM. To investigate whether RVLM neurons are activated by glucose, insulin, GLP-1, or GIP, we examined changes in the membrane potentials of bulbospinal RVLM neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp technique during superfusion with various levels of glucose or these hormones in neonatal Wistar rats. A brainstem - spinal cord preparation was used for the experiments. A low level of glucose stimulated bulbospinal RVLM neurons. During insulin superfusion, almost all the RVLM neurons were depolarized, while during GLP-1 or GIP superfusion, almost all the RVLM neurons were hyperpolarized. Next, histological examinations were performed to examine transporters for glucose and receptors for insulin, GLP-1, and GIP on RVLM neurons. Low - level glucose - depolarized RVLM neurons exhibited the presence of glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3). Meanwhile, insulin - depolarized, GLP-1 - hyperpolarized, and GIP - hyperpolarized RVLM neurons showed each of the respective specific receptor. These results indicate that a low level of glucose stimulates bulbospinal RVLM neurons via specific transporters on these neurons, inducing hypertension. Furthermore, an increase in insulin or a reduction in incretins may also activate the sympathetic nervous system and induce hypertension by activating RVLM neurons via their own receptors.
28062192	7	17	effects of	T080	C1704420
28062192	18	25	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28062192	27	34	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28062192	36	41	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
28062192	47	50	GIP	T116,T121,T125	C0017132
28062192	54	65	bulbospinal	T029	C0005898
28062192	66	73	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	81	110	rostral ventrolateral medulla	T023	C2328883
28062192	114	122	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28062192	123	134	wistar rats	T015	C0034716
28062192	144	152	patients	T101	C0030705
28062192	158	175	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28062192	177	179	DM	T047	C0011849
28062192	195	207	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28062192	213	223	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28062192	245	256	correlation	T080	C1707520
28062192	302	313	bulbospinal	T029	C0005898
28062192	314	321	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	329	358	rostral ventrolateral medulla	T023	C2328883
28062192	360	364	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	370	378	affected	T169	C0392760
28062192	386	392	levels	T080	C0441889
28062192	396	403	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28062192	405	412	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28062192	417	426	incretins	T116,T121,T125	C1562292
28062192	428	451	glucagon like peptide-1	T116	C0061355
28062192	453	458	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
28062192	463	503	glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide	T116,T121,T125	C0017132
28062192	505	508	GIP	T116,T121,T125	C0017132
28062192	514	522	patients	T101	C0030705
28062192	528	530	DM	T047	C0011849
28062192	535	546	investigate	T169	C1292732
28062192	555	559	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	560	567	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	572	581	activated	T052	C1879547
28062192	585	592	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28062192	594	601	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28062192	603	608	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
28062192	613	616	GIP	T116,T121,T125	C0017132
28062192	630	637	changes	T169	C0392747
28062192	645	664	membrane potentials	T043	C0025251
28062192	668	679	bulbospinal	T029	C0005898
28062192	680	684	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	685	692	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	699	709	whole-cell	T025	C0007634
28062192	710	731	patch-clamp technique	T062	C0242625
28062192	739	750	superfusion	T067	C1254366
28062192	764	770	levels	T080	C0441889
28062192	774	781	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28062192	791	799	hormones	T125	C0019932
28062192	803	811	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28062192	812	823	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
28062192	827	836	brainstem	T023	C0006121
28062192	839	850	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
28062192	851	862	preparation	T052	C1521827
28062192	880	891	experiments	T062	C0681814
28062192	895	898	low	T080	C0205251
28062192	899	904	level	T080	C0441889
28062192	908	915	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28062192	927	938	bulbospinal	T029	C0005898
28062192	939	943	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	944	951	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	960	967	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28062192	968	979	superfusion	T067	C1254366
28062192	996	1000	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	1001	1008	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	1014	1025	depolarized	T043	C0234081
28062192	1040	1045	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
28062192	1049	1052	GIP	T116,T121,T125	C0017132
28062192	1053	1064	superfusion	T067	C1254366
28062192	1081	1085	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	1086	1093	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	1099	1113	hyperpolarized	T043	C0522208
28062192	1121	1146	histological examinations	T059	C0019637
28062192	1173	1197	transporters for glucose	T116,T123	C0017742
28062192	1202	1211	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
28062192	1216	1223	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28062192	1225	1230	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
28062192	1236	1239	GIP	T116,T121,T125	C0017132
28062192	1243	1247	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	1248	1255	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	1257	1260	Low	T080	C0205251
28062192	1263	1268	level	T080	C0441889
28062192	1269	1276	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28062192	1279	1290	depolarized	T043	C0234081
28062192	1291	1295	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	1296	1303	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	1318	1326	presence	T080	C3854307
28062192	1330	1351	glucose transporter 3	T116,T123	C0119484
28062192	1353	1358	GLUT3	T116,T123	C0119484
28062192	1372	1379	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28062192	1382	1393	depolarized	T043	C0234081
28062192	1395	1400	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
28062192	1403	1417	hyperpolarized	T043	C0522208
28062192	1423	1426	GIP	T116,T121,T125	C0017132
28062192	1429	1443	hyperpolarized	T043	C0522208
28062192	1444	1448	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	1449	1456	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	1487	1495	specific	T080	C0205369
28062192	1496	1504	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28062192	1536	1539	low	T080	C0205251
28062192	1540	1545	level	T080	C0441889
28062192	1549	1556	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28062192	1557	1567	stimulates	T070	C1948023
28062192	1568	1579	bulbospinal	T029	C0005898
28062192	1580	1584	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	1585	1592	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	1597	1605	specific	T080	C0205369
28062192	1606	1618	transporters	T116,T123	C0017742
28062192	1628	1635	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	1637	1645	inducing	T169	C0205263
28062192	1646	1658	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28062192	1676	1684	increase	T169	C0442805
28062192	1688	1695	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28062192	1701	1710	reduction	T080	C0392756
28062192	1714	1723	incretins	T116,T121,T125	C1562292
28062192	1733	1741	activate	T052	C1879547
28062192	1746	1772	sympathetic nervous system	T022	C0039044
28062192	1777	1783	induce	T169	C0205263
28062192	1784	1796	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28062192	1800	1810	activating	T052	C1879547
28062192	1811	1815	RVLM	T023	C2328883
28062192	1816	1823	neurons	T025	C0027882
28062192	1838	1847	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357

28062447|t|Cross-React: a new structural bioinformatics method for predicting allergen cross-reactivity
28062447|a|The phenomenon of cross-reactivity between allergenic proteins plays an important role to understand how the immune system recognizes different antigen proteins. Allergen proteins are known to cross-react if their sequence comparison shows a high sequence identity which also implies that the proteins have a similar 3D fold. In such cases, linear sequence alignment methods are frequently used to predict cross-reactivity between allergenic proteins. However, the prediction of cross-reactivity between distantly related allergens continues to be a challenging task. To overcome this problem, we developed a new structure-based computational method, Cross-React, to predict cross-reactivity between allergenic proteins available in the Structural Database of Allergens (SDAP). Our method is based on the hypothesis that we can find surface patches on 3D structures of potential allergens with amino acid compositions similar to an epitope in a known allergen. We applied the Cross-React method to a diverse set of seven allergens, and successfully identified several cross-reactive allergens with high to moderate sequence identity which have also been experimentally shown to cross-react. Based on these findings, we suggest that Cross-React can be used as a predictive tool to assess protein allergenicity and cross-reactivity.: Cross-React is available at: http://curie.utmb.edu/Cross-React.html. ssnegi@utmb.edu.
28062447	0	11	Cross-React	T170	C0282574
28062447	30	44	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28062447	45	51	method	T170	C0025663
28062447	67	75	allergen	T129	C0002092
28062447	76	92	cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
28062447	111	127	cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
28062447	136	146	allergenic	T169	C0700624
28062447	147	155	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28062447	202	215	immune system	T022	C0020962
28062447	237	244	antigen	T129	C0003320
28062447	245	253	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28062447	255	263	Allergen	T129	C0002092
28062447	264	272	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28062447	286	297	cross-react	T044	C0010357
28062447	307	315	sequence	T087	C0002518
28062447	316	326	comparison	T052	C1707455
28062447	340	348	sequence	T087	C0002518
28062447	386	394	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28062447	410	417	3D fold	T082	C0332462
28062447	434	467	linear sequence alignment methods	T063	C3824722
28062447	499	515	cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
28062447	524	534	allergenic	T169	C0700624
28062447	535	543	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28062447	558	568	prediction	T078	C0681842
28062447	572	588	cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
28062447	615	624	allergens	T129	C0002092
28062447	706	742	structure-based computational method	T170	C0025663
28062447	744	755	Cross-React	T170	C0282574
28062447	768	784	cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
28062447	793	803	allergenic	T169	C0700624
28062447	804	812	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28062447	830	862	Structural Database of Allergens	T170	C0282574
28062447	864	868	SDAP	T170	C0282574
28062447	875	881	method	T170	C0025663
28062447	898	908	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28062447	945	958	3D structures	T082	C0026377
28062447	972	981	allergens	T129	C0002092
28062447	987	997	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28062447	998	1010	compositions	T201	C0486616
28062447	1025	1032	epitope	T129	C0003316
28062447	1044	1052	allergen	T129	C0002092
28062447	1069	1080	Cross-React	T170	C0282574
28062447	1081	1087	method	T170	C0025663
28062447	1093	1100	diverse	T080	C1880371
28062447	1114	1123	allergens	T129	C0002092
28062447	1161	1175	cross-reactive	T044	C0010357
28062447	1176	1185	allergens	T129	C0002092
28062447	1208	1216	sequence	T087	C0002518
28062447	1299	1307	findings	T169	C2607943
28062447	1325	1336	Cross-React	T170	C0282574
28062447	1354	1369	predictive tool	T170	C0037589
28062447	1373	1379	assess	T052	C1516048
28062447	1388	1401	allergenicity	T169	C0700624
28062447	1406	1422	cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357

28062520|t|TsdC, a unique lipoprotein from Wolinella succinogenes that enhances tetrathionate reductase activity of TsdA
28062520|a|The diheme cytochromes c of the widespread TsdA family are bifunctional thiosulfate dehydrogenase / tetrathionate reductases. Here, biochemical information was collected about TsdA from the Epsilonproteobacterium Wolinella succinogenes (WsTsdA). The situation in W. succinogenes is unique since TsdA is closely associated with the unprecedented lipoprotein TsdC encoded immediately downstream of tsdA in the same direction of transcription. WsTsdA purified from Escherichia coli catalyzed both thiosulfate oxidation and tetrathionate reduction. After co-production of TsdC and WsTsdA in E. coli, TsdC was found to mediate membrane attachment of TsdA and to ensure its full catalytic activity. This effect was much stronger in the tetrathionate - reducing than in the thiosulfate - oxidizing direction. It is concluded that the TsdAC complex predominantly acts as a tetrathionate reductase in vivo.
28062520	0	4	TsdC	T116,T123	C0023820
28062520	15	26	lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023820
28062520	32	54	Wolinella succinogenes	T007	C0087170
28062520	69	92	tetrathionate reductase	T116,T126	C0076340
28062520	93	101	activity	T044	C1148560
28062520	105	109	TsdA	T116,T126	C0968574
28062520	114	134	diheme cytochromes c	T116,T126	C1448856
28062520	153	164	TsdA family	T116,T126	C0968574
28062520	182	207	thiosulfate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0968574
28062520	210	234	tetrathionate reductases	T116,T126	C0076340
28062520	242	253	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28062520	254	265	information	T078	C1533716
28062520	286	290	TsdA	T116,T126	C0968574
28062520	300	322	Epsilonproteobacterium	T007	C0751990
28062520	323	345	Wolinella succinogenes	T007	C0087170
28062520	347	353	WsTsdA	T116,T126	C0968574
28062520	373	388	W. succinogenes	T007	C0087170
28062520	405	409	TsdA	T116,T126	C0968574
28062520	441	454	unprecedented	T080	C0439673
28062520	455	466	lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023820
28062520	467	471	TsdC	T116,T123	C0023820
28062520	492	502	downstream	T082	C0522506
28062520	506	510	tsdA	T116,T126	C0968574
28062520	536	549	transcription	T045	C0040649
28062520	551	557	WsTsdA	T116,T126	C0968574
28062520	572	588	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28062520	589	598	catalyzed	T169	C0521110
28062520	604	615	thiosulfate	T197	C0039950
28062520	616	625	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28062520	630	643	tetrathionate	T197	C0021521
28062520	644	653	reduction	T070	C0301630
28062520	661	674	co-production	T038	C0220781
28062520	678	682	TsdC	T116,T123	C0023820
28062520	687	693	WsTsdA	T116,T126	C0968574
28062520	697	704	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28062520	706	710	TsdC	T116,T123	C0023820
28062520	732	740	membrane	T116,T123	C0025252
28062520	741	751	attachment	T052	C1947904
28062520	755	759	TsdA	T116,T126	C0968574
28062520	783	801	catalytic activity	T044	C0243102
28062520	808	814	effect	T080	C1280500
28062520	840	853	tetrathionate	T197	C0021521
28062520	856	864	reducing	T070	C0301630
28062520	877	888	thiosulfate	T197	C0039950
28062520	891	900	oxidizing	T044	C0030011
28062520	937	950	TsdAC complex	T116,T123	C1180347
28062520	975	998	tetrathionate reductase	T116,T126	C0076340
28062520	999	1006	in vivo	T082	C1515655

28062652|t|The Processing-Speed Impairment in Psychosis Is More Than Just Accelerated Aging
28062652|a|Processing speed is impaired in patients with psychosis, and deteriorates as a function of normal aging. These observations, in combination with other lines of research, suggest that psychosis may be a syndrome of accelerated aging. But do patients with psychosis perform poorly on tasks of processing speed for the same reasons as older adults? Fifty-one patients with psychotic illnesses and 90 controls with similar mean IQ (aged 19-69 years, all African American) completed a computerized processing-speed task, reminiscent of the classic digit-symbol coding task. The data were analyzed using the drift-diffusion model (DDM), and Bayesian inference was used to determine whether psychosis and aging had similar or divergent effects on the DDM parameters. Psychosis and aging were both associated with poor performance, but had divergent effects on the DDM parameters. Patients had lower information-processing efficiency (" drift rate ") and longer nondecision time than controls, and psychosis per se did not influence response caution. By contrast, the primary effect of aging was to increase response caution, and had inconsistent effects on drift rate and nondecision time across patients and controls. The results reveal that psychosis and aging influenced performance in different ways, suggesting that the processing-speed impairment in psychosis is more than just accelerated aging. This study also demonstrates the potential utility of computational models and Bayesian inference for finely mapping the contributions of cognitive functions on simple neurocognitive tests.
28062652	4	20	Processing-Speed	T041	C0582591
28062652	21	31	Impairment	T169	C0221099
28062652	35	44	Psychosis	T048	C0033975
28062652	63	74	Accelerated	T169	C0521110
28062652	75	80	Aging	T040	C0001811
28062652	81	97	Processing speed	T041	C0582591
28062652	101	109	impaired	T169	C0221099
28062652	113	121	patients	T101	C0030705
28062652	127	136	psychosis	T048	C0033975
28062652	142	154	deteriorates	T033	C1457868
28062652	179	184	aging	T040	C0001811
28062652	192	204	observations	T062	C0302523
28062652	209	220	combination	T080	C0205195
28062652	241	249	research	T062	C0035168
28062652	251	258	suggest	T078	C1705535
28062652	264	273	psychosis	T048	C0033975
28062652	283	291	syndrome	T047	C0039082
28062652	295	306	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28062652	307	312	aging	T040	C0001811
28062652	321	329	patients	T101	C0030705
28062652	335	344	psychosis	T048	C0033975
28062652	345	352	perform	T169	C0884358
28062652	372	388	processing speed	T041	C0582591
28062652	402	409	reasons	T078	C0392360
28062652	413	425	older adults	T098	C0001792
28062652	437	445	patients	T101	C0030705
28062652	451	470	psychotic illnesses	T048	C0033975
28062652	478	486	controls	T096	C0009932
28062652	492	499	similar	T080	C2348205
28062652	505	507	IQ	T032	C0456149
28062652	520	525	years	T079	C0439234
28062652	531	547	African American	T098	C0085756
28062652	561	595	computerized processing-speed task	T052	C0441655
28062652	597	608	reminiscent	T041	C0871247
28062652	624	648	digit-symbol coding task	T052	C0441655
28062652	654	658	data	T078	C1511726
28062652	664	672	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28062652	683	704	drift-diffusion model	T170	C3161035
28062652	706	709	DDM	T170	C3161035
28062652	716	734	Bayesian inference	T170	C0282574
28062652	747	756	determine	T078	C0205258
28062652	765	774	psychosis	T048	C0033975
28062652	779	784	aging	T040	C0001811
28062652	789	796	similar	T080	C2348205
28062652	800	809	divergent	T082	C0443204
28062652	810	817	effects	T080	C1280500
28062652	825	828	DDM	T170	C3161035
28062652	829	839	parameters	T033	C0449381
28062652	841	850	Psychosis	T048	C0033975
28062652	855	860	aging	T040	C0001811
28062652	871	886	associated with	T080	C0332281
28062652	887	903	poor performance	T052	C1882330
28062652	913	922	divergent	T082	C0443204
28062652	923	930	effects	T080	C1280500
28062652	938	941	DDM	T170	C3161035
28062652	942	952	parameters	T033	C0449381
28062652	954	962	Patients	T101	C0030705
28062652	973	1006	information-processing efficiency	T081	C0013682
28062652	1010	1020	drift rate	T081	C0392762
28062652	1035	1051	nondecision time	T079	C0040223
28062652	1057	1065	controls	T096	C0009932
28062652	1071	1080	psychosis	T048	C0033975
28062652	1096	1105	influence	T077	C4054723
28062652	1106	1122	response caution	T033	C4296874
28062652	1149	1155	effect	T080	C1280500
28062652	1159	1164	aging	T040	C0001811
28062652	1172	1180	increase	T169	C0442805
28062652	1181	1197	response caution	T033	C4296874
28062652	1207	1219	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
28062652	1220	1227	effects	T080	C1280500
28062652	1231	1241	drift rate	T081	C0392762
28062652	1246	1262	nondecision time	T079	C0040223
28062652	1270	1278	patients	T101	C0030705
28062652	1283	1291	controls	T096	C0009932
28062652	1317	1326	psychosis	T048	C0033975
28062652	1331	1336	aging	T040	C0001811
28062652	1337	1347	influenced	T077	C4054723
28062652	1348	1359	performance	T052	C1882330
28062652	1379	1389	suggesting	T078	C1705535
28062652	1399	1415	processing-speed	T041	C0582591
28062652	1416	1426	impairment	T169	C0221099
28062652	1430	1439	psychosis	T048	C0033975
28062652	1458	1469	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28062652	1470	1475	aging	T040	C0001811
28062652	1482	1487	study	T062	C2603343
28062652	1493	1505	demonstrates	T052	C3687625
28062652	1531	1551	computational models	T170	C3161035
28062652	1556	1574	Bayesian inference	T170	C0282574
28062652	1586	1593	mapping	T052	C1283195
28062652	1598	1611	contributions	T052	C1880177
28062652	1615	1634	cognitive functions	T041	C0392335
28062652	1645	1665	neurocognitive tests	T060	C0872227

28063101|t|Elimination and molecular identification of endophytic bacterial contaminants during in vitro propagation of Bambusa balcooa
28063101|a|Bambusa balcooa is an economically important, multipurpose bamboo species, decidedly used in construction industry. Availability of natural bamboo is depleting very rapidly due to accelerated deforestation and its unrestrained use. The large number and timely supply of saplings are the need of the hour for the restoration of bamboo stands. Micropropagation, being the potent alternative for season independent rapid regeneration, is restricted in bamboo because of endophytic contamination. An in vitro attempt has been taken to overcome the endophytic contamination by using broad spectrum antibiotics as surface sterilant as well as a media component. Ampicillin sodium salt (5 mg/ml for 30 min) as a surface sterilant was found as the best treatment for high bud breaking (80%) coupled with high branching and low contamination (20%) but it was found ineffective to control the contamination during multiplication stage. Then, two endophytes were isolated and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined through antibiotic susceptibility test for successful eradication at multiplication stage. Finally, contamination free cultures were obtained when streptocycline (100 μg/ml) and gentamicin sulphate (75 μg/ml) were added into the medium. The two isolated endophytes, BB1 and BB2, were identified through 16S rDNA techniques and NCBI-BLAST algorithm with 99% sequence similarity with those of Janibacter sp. (KX423734) and Serratia marcescens strain (KX423735). To our knowledge, this is the first report for B. balcooa where antibiotics were used as surface sterilant as well as medium component, to control endophytic bacterial contaminants, followed by their identification.
28063101	0	11	Elimination	T059	C0022885
28063101	16	40	molecular identification	T059	C0200925
28063101	44	54	endophytic	T033	C3842357
28063101	55	64	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28063101	65	77	contaminants	T167	C2827365
28063101	85	93	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28063101	94	105	propagation	T059	C0022885
28063101	109	124	Bambusa balcooa	T002	C1687334
28063101	125	140	Bambusa balcooa	T002	C1687334
28063101	147	159	economically	T080	C0205556
28063101	160	170	important,	T080	C3898777
28063101	171	183	multipurpose	T080	C0205556
28063101	184	190	bamboo	T002	C3669026
28063101	191	198	species	T185	C1705920
28063101	218	239	construction industry	T090	C0682031
28063101	265	271	bamboo	T002	C3669026
28063101	275	284	depleting	T169	C0333668
28063101	305	316	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28063101	317	330	deforestation	T069	C0079201
28063101	395	403	saplings	T002	C0032098
28063101	424	428	hour	T079	C0439227
28063101	437	448	restoration	T052	C0441655
28063101	452	458	bamboo	T002	C3669026
28063101	467	483	Micropropagation	T059	C0022885
28063101	518	524	season	T079	C0036497
28063101	543	555	regeneration	T067	C1254366
28063101	574	580	bamboo	T002	C3669026
28063101	592	602	endophytic	T033	C3842357
28063101	603	616	contamination	T078	C2349974
28063101	621	637	in vitro attempt	T059,T062	C3850137
28063101	669	679	endophytic	T033	C3842357
28063101	680	693	contamination	T078	C2349974
28063101	703	729	broad spectrum antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28063101	741	750	sterilant	T167	C3853614
28063101	764	779	media component	T167	C1705217
28063101	781	803	Ampicillin sodium salt	T109,T195	C0282052
28063101	838	847	sterilant	T167	C3853614
28063101	870	879	treatment	T169	C1522326
28063101	889	892	bud	T002	C2700462
28063101	893	901	breaking	T080	C0443161
28063101	908	915	coupled	T169	C1948027
28063101	926	935	branching	T082	C0205384
28063101	940	943	low	T080	C0205251
28063101	944	957	contamination	T078	C2349974
28063101	1008	1021	contamination	T078	C2349974
28063101	1029	1043	multiplication	T081	C2911648
28063101	1044	1049	stage	T079	C1306673
28063101	1061	1071	endophytes	T004	C1265415
28063101	1077	1085	isolated	T169	C0205409
28063101	1090	1122	minimum inhibitory concentration	T059	C0427978
28063101	1146	1156	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28063101	1157	1176	susceptibility test	T059	C0022885
28063101	1192	1203	eradication	T052	C0441655
28063101	1207	1221	multiplication	T081	C2911648
28063101	1238	1251	contamination	T078	C2349974
28063101	1252	1256	free	T169	C0332296
28063101	1257	1265	cultures	T059	C0430400
28063101	1285	1299	streptocycline	T109,T121	C0605608
28063101	1316	1335	gentamicin sulphate	T109,T195	C0546866
28063101	1367	1373	medium	T167	C1705217
28063101	1383	1391	isolated	T169	C0205409
28063101	1392	1402	endophytes	T004	C1265415
28063101	1404	1407	BB1	T004	C1265415
28063101	1412	1415	BB2	T004	C1265415
28063101	1441	1449	16S rDNA	T114,T123	C0012933
28063101	1450	1460	techniques	T059	C0004642
28063101	1465	1485	NCBI-BLAST algorithm	T170	C0002045
28063101	1495	1503	sequence	T086	C0162326
28063101	1504	1514	similarity	T080	C2348205
28063101	1529	1543	Janibacter sp.	T007	C1017401
28063101	1545	1553	KX423734	T007	C1017401
28063101	1559	1578	Serratia marcescens	T007	C0036766
28063101	1579	1585	strain	T001	C1518614
28063101	1587	1595	KX423735	T007	C0036766
28063101	1645	1655	B. balcooa	T002	C1687334
28063101	1662	1673	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28063101	1695	1704	sterilant	T167	C3853614
28063101	1716	1732	medium component	T167	C1705217
28063101	1745	1755	endophytic	T033	C3842357
28063101	1756	1765	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28063101	1766	1778	contaminants	T167	C2827365
28063101	1798	1812	identification	T080	C0205396

28063131|t|Individual classification of strong risk attitudes: An application across lottery types and age groups
28063131|a|Empirical evaluations of risk attitudes often rely on a weak definition of risk that concerns preferences towards risky and riskless options (e.g., a lottery vs. a sure outcome). A large body of work has shown that individuals tend to be weak risk averse in choice contexts involving risky and riskless gains but weak risk seeking in contexts involving losses, a phenomenon known as the reflection effect. Recent attempts to evaluate age differences in risk attitudes have relied on this weak definition, testing whether the reflection effect increases or diminishes as we grow older. The present work argues that weak risk attitudes have limited generalizability and proposes the use of a strong definition of risk that is concerned with preferences towards options with the same expected value but different degrees of risk (i.e., outcome variance). A reanalysis of previously-published data and the results from a new study show that only a minority of individuals manifests the reflection effect under a strong definition of risk, and that, when facing certain lottery - pair types, older adults appear to be more risk seeking than younger adults.
28063131	0	10	Individual	T098	C0237401
28063131	11	25	classification	T185	C0008902
28063131	29	35	strong	T080	C0442821
28063131	36	40	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	41	50	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28063131	74	81	lottery	T081	C0392762
28063131	82	87	types	T080	C0332307
28063131	92	102	age groups	T100	C0027362
28063131	103	112	Empirical	T080	C1880496
28063131	113	124	evaluations	T169	C1292732
28063131	128	132	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	133	142	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28063131	159	163	weak	T080	C1762617
28063131	164	174	definition	T170	C1704788
28063131	178	182	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	217	222	risky	T078	C0035647
28063131	227	243	riskless options	T169	C1518601
28063131	253	260	lottery	T081	C0392762
28063131	272	279	outcome	T169	C1274040
28063131	318	329	individuals	T098	C0237401
28063131	341	345	weak	T080	C1762617
28063131	346	350	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	361	367	choice	T052	C1707391
28063131	368	376	contexts	T078	C0449255
28063131	387	392	risky	T078	C0035647
28063131	397	411	riskless gains	T081	C1517378
28063131	416	420	weak	T080	C1762617
28063131	421	425	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	437	445	contexts	T078	C0449255
28063131	456	462	losses	T081	C1517945
28063131	466	476	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28063131	490	507	reflection effect	T067	C1882365
28063131	537	552	age differences	T100	C0699810
28063131	556	560	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	561	570	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28063131	591	595	weak	T080	C1762617
28063131	596	606	definition	T170	C1704788
28063131	628	645	reflection effect	T067	C1882365
28063131	646	655	increases	T169	C0442805
28063131	659	669	diminishes	T081	C0205216
28063131	681	686	older	T079	C1254367
28063131	717	721	weak	T080	C1762617
28063131	722	726	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	727	736	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28063131	750	766	generalizability	T080	C0205556
28063131	784	790	use of	T169	C1524063
28063131	793	799	strong	T080	C0442821
28063131	793	799	strong	T080	C0442821
28063131	800	810	definition	T170	C1704788
28063131	814	818	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	862	869	options	T169	C1518601
28063131	893	898	value	T081	C1522609
28063131	903	912	different	T080	C1705242
28063131	913	920	degrees	T081	C0449286
28063131	924	928	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	936	943	outcome	T169	C1274040
28063131	944	952	variance	T080	C1711260
28063131	957	967	reanalysis	T062	C0936012
28063131	992	996	data	T078	C1511726
28063131	1005	1012	results	T169	C1274040
28063131	1059	1070	individuals	T098	C0237401
28063131	1071	1080	manifests	T169	C0205319
28063131	1085	1102	reflection effect	T067	C1882365
28063131	1111	1117	strong	T080	C0442821
28063131	1118	1128	definition	T170	C1704788
28063131	1132	1136	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	1168	1175	lottery	T081	C0392762
28063131	1178	1188	pair types	T080	C0332307
28063131	1190	1202	older adults	T098	C0001792
28063131	1221	1225	risk	T078	C0035647
28063131	1239	1246	younger	T079	C0332239
28063131	1247	1253	adults	T100	C0001675

28063273|t|Mechanisms of compensation in the gait of patients with drop foot
28063273|a|Drop foot is a complex syndrome, with multiple interactions between joints and muscles. Abnormalities in movement patterns can be measured using motion capture techniques, but identifying compensation mechanisms remains challenging. In order to identify compensatory mechanisms in patients with drop foot, this study evaluated a sample of 15 such patients using a computerized gait analysis system, as compared to a group of 15 healthy subjects. Four classes of parameters were distinguished, falling in differing intervals of percentage differences between the groups in the study. The first class comprised two kinematic parameters for which the values of percentage differences in the control group were more than 100% greater than for the patient group. The second class comprised two kinetic parameters falling in the interval of 100-49%. In the third class, in the 49-20% interval the main differences were observed for spatiotemporal parameters, whereas in the 20-4% interval the differences were distributed similarly for kinematic, kinetic and spatiotemporal parameters. These differences in gait pattern between the groups may be related to both primary motor deficits and secondary compensatory mechanisms. Generally, we conclude that drop foot affects the patients ' overall kinematic and kinetic gait parameters, with compensation seen as a chain originating from a change of movement within the ankle joint.
28063273	0	10	Mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28063273	14	26	compensation	T058	C0001549
28063273	34	38	gait	T033	C0016928
28063273	42	50	patients	T101	C0030705
28063273	56	65	drop foot	T047	C0085684
28063273	66	75	Drop foot	T047	C0085684
28063273	89	97	syndrome	T047	C0039082
28063273	104	112	multiple	T081	C0439064
28063273	113	125	interactions	T169	C1704675
28063273	134	140	joints	T030	C0022417
28063273	145	152	muscles	T024	C0026845
28063273	154	167	Abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28063273	171	188	movement patterns	T033	C0427096
28063273	211	236	motion capture techniques	T058	C0752188
28063273	254	266	compensation	T058	C0001549
28063273	267	277	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28063273	267	277	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28063273	320	332	compensatory	T169	C0231186
28063273	333	343	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28063273	347	355	patients	T101	C0030705
28063273	361	370	drop foot	T047	C0085684
28063273	377	382	study	T062	C0008972
28063273	413	421	patients	T101	C0030705
28063273	430	442	computerized	T066	C0009609
28063273	443	463	gait analysis system	T074	C3874714
28063273	494	510	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
28063273	559	566	falling	T033	C0427122
28063273	580	589	intervals	T079	C1272706
28063273	593	603	percentage	T081	C0439165
28063273	604	615	differences	T081	C1705241
28063273	628	634	groups	T098	C1257890
28063273	642	647	study	T062	C0008972
28063273	679	699	kinematic parameters	T091	C0600169
28063273	754	767	control group	T096	C0009932
28063273	809	822	patient group	T101	C0030705
28063273	855	873	kinetic parameters	T070	C0022702
28063273	874	881	falling	T033	C0427122
28063273	889	897	interval	T079	C1272706
28063273	944	952	interval	T079	C1272706
28063273	992	1017	spatiotemporal parameters	T062	C3494293
28063273	1040	1048	interval	T079	C1272706
28063273	1096	1105	kinematic	T091	C0600169
28063273	1107	1114	kinetic	T070	C0022702
28063273	1119	1144	spatiotemporal parameters	T062	C3494293
28063273	1167	1179	gait pattern	T033	C0016928
28063273	1192	1198	groups	T098	C1257890
28063273	1230	1244	motor deficits	T033	C0521654
28063273	1259	1271	compensatory	T169	C0231186
28063273	1272	1282	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28063273	1312	1321	drop foot	T047	C0085684
28063273	1334	1342	patients	T101	C0030705
28063273	1353	1362	kinematic	T091	C0600169
28063273	1367	1374	kinetic	T070	C0022702
28063273	1375	1379	gait	T033	C0016928
28063273	1397	1409	compensation	T058	C0001549
28063273	1445	1451	change	T169	C0392747
28063273	1455	1463	movement	T040	C0026649
28063273	1475	1486	ankle joint	T030	C0003087

28063305|t|Inhibitory effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei on Candida biofilm of denture surface
28063305|a|Candida albicans biofilm is associated with denture-related stomatitis and oral candidiasis of elderly. Probiotics are beneficial bacteria and have antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of various probiotics against C. albicans and the inhibitory effects of probiotics on Candida biofilm on the denture surface. The spent culture media of various probiotics were investigated the antifungal efficacy against C. albicans. Candida biofilm was formed on a denture base resin and was then treated with Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei. Also, the biofilm s of L. rhamnosus and L. casei were formed and were sequentially treated with C. albicans. Colony-forming units of C. albicans on the denture surface were counted after spreading on agar plate. The denture base resin was treated with the spent culture media for 30 days, after which the denture surface roughness was analyzed with an atomic force microscope. L. rhamnosus and L. casei exhibited stronger antifungal activity than other probiotics. The spent culture medium of L. rhamnosus and L. casei exhibited the antifungal activity against blastoconidia and biofilm of C. albicans. L. rhamnosus and L. casei showed the antifungal activity against Candida biofilm, and the biofilm of L. rhamnosus and L. casei inhibited formation of Candida biofilm on denture surface. Neither of the probiotics affected the surface roughness of the denture base resin. L. rhamnosus and L. casei may be the ideal probiotics for the prevention and treatment of denture-related stomatitis.
28063305	0	10	Inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28063305	11	21	effects of	T080	C1704420
28063305	22	45	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	T007	C0317597
28063305	50	69	Lactobacillus casei	T007	C0022940
28063305	73	80	Candida	T004	C0006837
28063305	81	88	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28063305	92	107	denture surface	T033	C0457711
28063305	108	124	Candida albicans	T004	C0006837
28063305	125	132	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28063305	136	151	associated with	T080	C0332281
28063305	152	178	denture-related stomatitis	T047	C0038364
28063305	183	199	oral candidiasis	T047	C0006849
28063305	203	210	elderly	T098	C0001792
28063305	212	222	Probiotics	T007	C0525033
28063305	238	246	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28063305	256	278	antibacterial activity	T033	C0243095
28063305	287	306	pathogenic bacteria	T007	C0004611
28063305	341	352	investigate	T169	C1292732
28063305	357	376	antifungal activity	T033	C0243095
28063305	388	398	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28063305	407	418	C. albicans	T004	C0006837
28063305	427	437	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28063305	438	448	effects of	T080	C1704420
28063305	449	459	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28063305	463	470	Candida	T004	C0006837
28063305	471	478	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28063305	486	501	denture surface	T033	C0457711
28063305	507	526	spent culture media	T130	C0010454
28063305	538	548	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28063305	571	590	antifungal efficacy	T080	C1280519
28063305	599	610	C. albicans	T004	C0006837
28063305	612	619	Candida	T004	C0006837
28063305	620	627	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28063305	644	662	denture base resin	T074	C3503992
28063305	676	683	treated	T169	C1522326
28063305	689	712	Lactobacillus rhamnosus	T007	C0317597
28063305	717	736	Lactobacillus casei	T007	C0022940
28063305	748	755	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28063305	761	773	L. rhamnosus	T007	C0317597
28063305	778	786	L. casei	T007	C0022940
28063305	821	828	treated	T169	C1522326
28063305	834	845	C. albicans	T004	C0006837
28063305	847	867	Colony-forming units	T081	C0553561
28063305	871	882	C. albicans	T004	C0006837
28063305	890	905	denture surface	T033	C0457711
28063305	925	934	spreading	T080	C0332261
28063305	938	942	agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28063305	943	948	plate	T074	C0180454
28063305	954	972	denture base resin	T074	C3503992
28063305	977	984	treated	T169	C1522326
28063305	994	1013	spent culture media	T130	C0010454
28063305	1021	1025	days	T079	C0439228
28063305	1043	1058	denture surface	T033	C0457711
28063305	1059	1068	roughness	T033	C0243095
28063305	1090	1113	atomic force microscope	T059	C0242849
28063305	1115	1127	L. rhamnosus	T007	C0317597
28063305	1132	1140	L. casei	T007	C0022940
28063305	1160	1179	antifungal activity	T033	C0243095
28063305	1191	1201	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28063305	1207	1227	spent culture medium	T130	C0010454
28063305	1231	1243	L. rhamnosus	T007	C0317597
28063305	1248	1256	L. casei	T007	C0022940
28063305	1271	1290	antifungal activity	T033	C0243095
28063305	1299	1312	blastoconidia	T004	C0521050
28063305	1317	1324	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28063305	1328	1339	C. albicans	T004	C0006837
28063305	1341	1353	L. rhamnosus	T007	C0317597
28063305	1358	1366	L. casei	T007	C0022940
28063305	1378	1397	antifungal activity	T033	C0243095
28063305	1406	1413	Candida	T004	C0006837
28063305	1414	1421	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28063305	1431	1438	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28063305	1442	1454	L. rhamnosus	T007	C0317597
28063305	1459	1467	L. casei	T007	C0022940
28063305	1468	1477	inhibited	T052	C3463820
28063305	1478	1487	formation	T169	C1522492
28063305	1491	1498	Candida	T004	C0006837
28063305	1499	1506	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28063305	1510	1525	denture surface	T033	C0457711
28063305	1542	1552	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28063305	1566	1583	surface roughness	T033	C0243095
28063305	1591	1609	denture base resin	T074	C3503992
28063305	1611	1623	L. rhamnosus	T007	C0317597
28063305	1628	1636	L. casei	T007	C0022940
28063305	1654	1664	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28063305	1673	1683	prevention	T080	C2700409
28063305	1688	1697	treatment	T169	C0039798
28063305	1701	1727	denture-related stomatitis	T047	C0038364

28063390|t|Sensitive fluorescent detection of DNA methyltransferase using nicking endonuclease -mediated multiple primers -like rolling circle amplification
28063390|a|Sensitive and reliable detection of DNA methyltransferase (MTase) is of great significance for both early tumor diagnosis and therapy. In this study, a simple, label -free and sensitive DNA MTase - sensing method was developed on the basis of a nicking endonuclease -mediated multiple primers -like rolling circle amplification (RCA) strategy. In this method, a dumbbell RCA template was prepared by blunt-end ligation of two molecules of hairpin DNA. In addition to the primer - binding sequence, the dumbbell template contained another three important parts: 5'-CCGG-3' sequences in double-stranded stems, nicking endonuclease recognition sites and C-rich sequences in single-stranded loops. The introduction of 5'-CCGG-3' sequences allows the dumbbell template to be destroyed by the restriction endonuclease, HpaII, but is not destroyed in the presence of the target MTase - M.SssI MTase. The introduction of nicking endonuclease recognition sites makes the M.SssI MTase -protected dumbbell template -mediated RCA proceed in a multiple primers -like exponential mode, thus providing the RCA with high amplification efficiency. The introduction of C-rich sequences may promote the folding of amplification products into a G-quadruplex structure, which is specifically recognized by the commercially available fluorescent probe thioflavin T. Improved RCA amplification efficiency and specific fluorescent recognition of RCA products provide the M.SssI MTase - sensing platform with high sensitivity. When a dumbbell template containing four nicking endonuclease sites is used, highly specific M.SssI MTase activity detection can be achieved in the range of 0.008-50U/mL with a detection limit as low as 0.0011U/mL. Simple experimental operation and mix-and-detection fluorescent sensing mode ensures that M.SssI MTase quantitation works well in a real-time RCA mode, thus further simplifying the sensing performance and making high throughput detection possible. The proposed MTase - sensing strategy was also demonstrated to be applicable for screening and evaluating the inhibitory activity of MTase inhibitors.
28063390	0	9	Sensitive	T169	C0332324
28063390	10	31	fluorescent detection	T033	C0442726
28063390	35	56	DNA methyltransferase	T116,T126	C0012873
28063390	63	83	nicking endonuclease	T116,T126	C0014230
28063390	94	110	multiple primers	T114	C0206415
28063390	117	145	rolling circle amplification	T063	C0887814
28063390	146	155	Sensitive	T169	C0332324
28063390	169	178	detection	T033	C0442726
28063390	182	203	DNA methyltransferase	T116,T126	C0012873
28063390	205	210	MTase	T116,T126	C0025831
28063390	246	251	early	T079	C1279919
28063390	252	257	tumor	T191	C0027651
28063390	258	267	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28063390	272	279	therapy	T061	C0087111
28063390	289	294	study	T062	C2603343
28063390	306	311	label	T130	C1522485
28063390	322	331	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28063390	332	341	DNA MTase	T116,T126	C0012873
28063390	344	358	sensing method	T059	C0022885
28063390	391	411	nicking endonuclease	T116,T126	C0014230
28063390	422	438	multiple primers	T114	C0206415
28063390	445	473	rolling circle amplification	T063	C0887814
28063390	475	478	RCA	T063	C0887814
28063390	480	488	strategy	T059	C0022885
28063390	498	504	method	T059	C0022885
28063390	517	520	RCA	T063	C0887814
28063390	521	529	template	UnknownType	C0678713
28063390	546	564	blunt-end ligation	T045	C1155649
28063390	572	581	molecules	T114,T123	C0012854
28063390	585	596	hairpin DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28063390	617	623	primer	T114	C0206415
28063390	626	642	binding sequence	T086	C0004793
28063390	648	665	dumbbell template	UnknownType	C0678713
28063390	707	727	5'-CCGG-3' sequences	T086	C0004793
28063390	731	752	double-stranded stems	T086	C0004793
28063390	754	774	nicking endonuclease	T116,T126	C0014230
28063390	775	792	recognition sites	T086	C0004793
28063390	797	813	C-rich sequences	T086	C0004793
28063390	817	838	single-stranded loops	T086	C0004793
28063390	860	880	5'-CCGG-3' sequences	T086	C0004793
28063390	892	909	dumbbell template	UnknownType	C0678713
28063390	933	957	restriction endonuclease	T116,T126	C0012906
28063390	959	964	HpaII	T116,T126	C0059181
28063390	1017	1022	MTase	T116,T126	C0025831
28063390	1025	1037	M.SssI MTase	T116,T126	C0216955
28063390	1059	1079	nicking endonuclease	T116,T126	C0014230
28063390	1080	1097	recognition sites	T086	C0004793
28063390	1108	1120	M.SssI MTase	T116,T126	C0216955
28063390	1132	1149	dumbbell template	UnknownType	C0678713
28063390	1160	1163	RCA	T063	C0887814
28063390	1177	1193	multiple primers	T114	C0206415
28063390	1237	1240	RCA	T063	C0887814
28063390	1251	1264	amplification	T045	C0683230
28063390	1265	1275	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28063390	1297	1313	C-rich sequences	T086	C0004793
28063390	1330	1337	folding	T044	C1511668
28063390	1341	1363	amplification products	T086	C0004793
28063390	1371	1383	G-quadruplex	T086	C1517336
28063390	1384	1393	structure	T082	C0678594
28063390	1458	1475	fluorescent probe	T130	C0016321
28063390	1476	1488	thioflavin T	T109,T130	C0076466
28063390	1499	1502	RCA	T063	C0887814
28063390	1503	1516	amplification	T045	C0683230
28063390	1517	1527	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28063390	1541	1564	fluorescent recognition	T033	C0442726
28063390	1568	1571	RCA	T063	C0887814
28063390	1572	1580	products	T086	C0004793
28063390	1593	1605	M.SssI MTase	T116,T126	C0216955
28063390	1608	1615	sensing	T059	C0022885
28063390	1635	1646	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28063390	1655	1672	dumbbell template	UnknownType	C0678713
28063390	1689	1709	nicking endonuclease	T116,T126	C0014230
28063390	1710	1715	sites	T082	C0205145
28063390	1732	1740	specific	T080	C0205369
28063390	1741	1753	M.SssI MTase	T116,T126	C0216955
28063390	1754	1762	activity	T044	C0243102
28063390	1763	1772	detection	T033	C0442726
28063390	1825	1840	detection limit	T081	C2718050
28063390	1870	1892	experimental operation	T059	C0022885
28063390	1897	1934	mix-and-detection fluorescent sensing	T033	C0442726
28063390	1953	1965	M.SssI MTase	T116,T126	C0216955
28063390	1966	1978	quantitation	T081	C1709793
28063390	1995	2004	real-time	T079	C1550177
28063390	2005	2008	RCA	T063	C0887814
28063390	2044	2051	sensing	T033	C0442726
28063390	2052	2063	performance	T052	C1882330
28063390	2091	2100	detection	T033	C0442726
28063390	2124	2129	MTase	T116,T126	C0025831
28063390	2132	2148	sensing strategy	T059	C0022885
28063390	2192	2201	screening	T058	C0220908
28063390	2206	2216	evaluating	T169	C1292732
28063390	2221	2231	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28063390	2232	2240	activity	T052	C0441655
28063390	2244	2260	MTase inhibitors	T121	C1997663

28063657|t|Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the atmosphere of three Chilean cities using passive air samplers
28063657|a|In this study passive air samplers containing polyurethane foam (PUF) disks were deployed in three cities across Chile; Santiago (STG) (n=5, sampling sites), Concepciόn (CON) (n=6) and Temuco (TEM) (n=6) from 2008 to 2009. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (7 indicator congeners), chlorinated pesticides hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethanes (DDTs) and flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined by gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A sampling rate (R) typical of urban sites (4m(3)/day) was used to estimate the atmospheric concentrations of individual compounds. PCB concentrations in the air (pg/m(3)) ranged from ~1-10 (TEM), ~1-40 (STG) and 4-30 (CON). Higher molecular weight PCBs (PCB -153, -180) were detected at industrial sites (in Concepción). The HCHs showed a prevalence of γ-HCH across all sites, indicative of inputs from the use of lindane but a limited use of technical HCHs in Chile. DDTs were detected with a prevalence of p,p'-DDE accounting for ~50% of the total DDTs. PBDE concentrations in air (pg/m(3)) ranged from 1 to 55 (STG), 0.5 to 20 (CON) and from 0.4 to 10 (TEM), and were generally similar to those reported for many other urban areas globally. The pattern of PBDEs was different among the three cities; however, PBDE -209 was dominant at most of the sites. These results represent one of the few assessments of air concentrations of POPs across different urban areas within the same country. These data will support Chilean commitments as a signatory to the Stockholm Convention on POPs and for reporting as a member country of the Group of Latin America and Caribbean Countries (GRULAC) region.
28063657	0	29	Persistent Organic Pollutants	T131	C0001869
28063657	31	35	POPs	T131	C0001869
28063657	44	54	atmosphere	T070	C0004178
28063657	64	71	Chilean	T098	C0239045
28063657	72	78	cities	T083	C0008848
28063657	85	92	passive	T080	C3686820
28063657	93	105	air samplers	T074	C0178984
28063657	114	119	study	T062	C2603343
28063657	120	127	passive	T080	C3686820
28063657	128	140	air samplers	T074	C0178984
28063657	152	169	polyurethane foam	T109	C0071696
28063657	171	174	PUF	T109	C0071696
28063657	176	181	disks	T074	C0180459
28063657	187	195	deployed	T052	C2825812
28063657	205	211	cities	T083	C0008848
28063657	219	224	Chile	T083	C0008107
28063657	226	234	Santiago	T083	C0017446
28063657	236	239	STG	T083	C0017446
28063657	247	261	sampling sites	T082	C0449705
28063657	264	274	Concepciόn	T083	C0017446
28063657	276	279	CON	T083	C0017446
28063657	291	297	Temuco	T083	C0017446
28063657	299	302	TEM	T083	C0017446
28063657	329	354	Polychlorinated biphenyls	T109,T131	C0032447
28063657	356	360	PCBs	T109,T131	C0032447
28063657	365	374	indicator	T169	C1522602
28063657	375	384	congeners	T104	C0678518
28063657	387	409	chlorinated pesticides	T131	C0360424
28063657	410	432	hexachlorocyclohexanes	T109,T121,T131	C0005038
28063657	434	438	HCHs	T109,T121,T131	C0005038
28063657	441	474	dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethanes	T109,T131	C0011041
28063657	476	480	DDTs	T109,T131	C0011041
28063657	486	502	flame retardants	T120	C0016198
28063657	511	541	polybrominated diphenyl ethers	T109,T131	C2350562
28063657	543	548	PBDEs	T109,T131	C2350562
28063657	555	568	determined by	T080	C0521095
28063657	569	613	gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry	T059	C0024868
28063657	615	620	GC/MS	T059	C0024868
28063657	625	633	sampling	T078	C0870078
28063657	634	638	rate	T081	C1521828
28063657	640	641	R	T081	C1521828
28063657	654	665	urban sites	T082	C0178876
28063657	690	698	estimate	T081	C0750572
28063657	703	714	atmospheric	T070	C0004178
28063657	715	729	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28063657	733	743	individual	T081	C1457900
28063657	744	753	compounds	T080	C0205198
28063657	755	758	PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
28063657	759	773	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28063657	781	784	air	T167	C0001861
28063657	795	801	ranged	T081	C1514721
28063657	814	817	TEM	T083	C0017446
28063657	827	830	STG	T083	C0017446
28063657	842	845	CON	T083	C0017446
28063657	848	871	Higher molecular weight	T080	C1979900
28063657	872	876	PCBs	T109,T131	C0032447
28063657	878	881	PCB	T109,T131	C0032447
28063657	899	907	detected	T033	C0442726
28063657	911	927	industrial sites	T082	C0442611
28063657	932	942	Concepción	T083	C0017446
28063657	949	953	HCHs	T109,T121,T131	C0005038
28063657	963	973	prevalence	T081	C0683919
28063657	977	982	γ-HCH	T109,T121,T131	C0005038
28063657	994	999	sites	T082	C0205145
28063657	1001	1011	indicative	T169	C1522602
28063657	1015	1021	inputs	T077	C1708517
28063657	1038	1045	lindane	T109,T121,T131	C0005038
28063657	1052	1059	limited	T169	C0439801
28063657	1067	1076	technical	T081	C1553014
28063657	1077	1081	HCHs	T109,T121,T131	C0005038
28063657	1085	1090	Chile	T083	C0008107
28063657	1092	1096	DDTs	T109,T131	C0011041
28063657	1102	1110	detected	T033	C0442726
28063657	1118	1128	prevalence	T081	C0683919
28063657	1132	1140	p,p'-DDE	T109,T131	C0011038
28063657	1141	1151	accounting	UnknownType	C0680857
28063657	1174	1178	DDTs	T109,T131	C0011041
28063657	1180	1184	PBDE	T109,T131	C2350562
28063657	1185	1199	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28063657	1203	1206	air	T167	C0001861
28063657	1217	1223	ranged	T081	C1514721
28063657	1238	1241	STG	T083	C0017446
28063657	1255	1258	CON	T083	C0017446
28063657	1280	1283	TEM	T083	C0017446
28063657	1305	1312	similar	T080	C2348205
28063657	1322	1330	reported	T170	C0684224
28063657	1346	1357	urban areas	T082	C0178876
28063657	1358	1366	globally	T080	C2348867
28063657	1372	1379	pattern	T082	C0449774
28063657	1383	1388	PBDEs	T109,T131	C2350562
28063657	1419	1425	cities	T083	C0008848
28063657	1436	1440	PBDE	T109,T131	C2350562
28063657	1450	1458	dominant	T169	C1527180
28063657	1474	1479	sites	T082	C0205145
28063657	1487	1494	results	T033	C0683954
28063657	1520	1531	assessments	T058	C0220825
28063657	1535	1538	air	T167	C0001861
28063657	1539	1553	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28063657	1557	1561	POPs	T131	C0001869
28063657	1579	1590	urban areas	T082	C0178876
28063657	1607	1614	country	T083	C0454664
28063657	1622	1626	data	T078	C1511726
28063657	1632	1639	support	T077	C1521721
28063657	1640	1647	Chilean	T098	C0239045
28063657	1648	1659	commitments	T041	C0870312
28063657	1665	1674	signatory	T169	C4288222
28063657	1682	1702	Stockholm Convention	T064	C0242359
28063657	1706	1710	POPs	T131	C0001869
28063657	1719	1728	reporting	T062	C0011000
28063657	1734	1740	member	T097	C2698041
28063657	1741	1748	country	T083	C0454664
28063657	1756	1818	Group of Latin America and Caribbean Countries (GRULAC) region	T083	C0017446

28063948|t|Cytokine IL-10, activators of PI3-kinase, agonists of α-2 adrenoreceptor and antioxidants prevent ischemia - induced cell death in rat hippocampal cultures
28063948|a|In the present work we compared the protective effect of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 with the action of a PI3-kinase selective activator 740 Y-P, selective agonists of alpha-2 adrenoreceptor, guanfacine and UK-14,304, and compounds having antioxidant effect: recombinant human peroxiredoxin 6 and B27, in hippocampal cell culture during OGD (ischemia-like conditions). It has been shown that the response of cells to OGD in the control includes two phases. The first phase was accompanied by an increase in the frequency of spontaneous synchronous Ca(2+)-oscillations (SSCO) in neurons and Ca(2+) - pulse in astrocytes. Spontaneous Ca(2+) events in astrocytes during ischemia in control experiments disappeared. The second phase started after a few minutes of OGD and looked like a sharp/avalanche, global synchronic (within 20 s) increase in [Ca(2+)]i in many cells. Within 1 h after OGD, a mass death of cells, primarily astrocytes, was observed. To study the protective action of the compounds, cells were incubated in the presence of the neuroprotective agents for 10-40 min or 24 h before ischemia. All the neuroprotective agents delayed a global [Ca(2+)]i increase during OGD or completely inhibited this process and increased cell survival.
28063948	0	8	Cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28063948	9	14	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28063948	16	26	activators	T121,T123	C0751968
28063948	30	40	PI3-kinase	T116,T126	C0044602
28063948	42	50	agonists	T121	C0243192
28063948	54	72	α-2 adrenoreceptor	T116,T192	C0034783
28063948	77	89	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
28063948	90	97	prevent	T080	C2700409
28063948	98	106	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28063948	109	116	induced	T169	C0205263
28063948	117	127	cell death	T043	C0007587
28063948	131	134	rat	T015	C0034693
28063948	135	146	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28063948	147	155	cultures	T167	C3687726
28063948	192	209	protective effect	T080	C0205556
28063948	213	230	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
28063948	231	239	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28063948	240	245	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28063948	255	261	action	T052	C3266814
28063948	267	277	PI3-kinase	T116,T126	C0044602
28063948	278	297	selective activator	T121,T123	C0751968
28063948	298	305	740 Y-P	T121	C1254351
28063948	307	325	selective agonists	T121	C0243192
28063948	329	351	alpha-2 adrenoreceptor	T116,T192	C0034783
28063948	353	363	guanfacine	T109,T121	C0079466
28063948	368	377	UK-14,304	T109,T121	C0147760
28063948	383	392	compounds	T121	C1254351
28063948	400	418	antioxidant effect	T039	C3179302
28063948	432	453	human peroxiredoxin 6	T116,T126	C1873178
28063948	458	461	B27	T121	C1254351
28063948	466	477	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28063948	478	490	cell culture	T167	C3687726
28063948	491	501	during OGD	T043	C4236780
28063948	503	527	ischemia-like conditions	T033	C1317598
28063948	557	581	response of cells to OGD	T043	C4236780
28063948	589	596	control	T096	C0009932
28063948	610	616	phases	T079	C0205390
28063948	628	633	phase	T079	C0205390
28063948	656	664	increase	T169	C0442805
28063948	672	681	frequency	T079	C0439603
28063948	685	728	spontaneous synchronous Ca(2+)-oscillations	T043	C0600430
28063948	730	734	SSCO	T043	C0600430
28063948	739	746	neurons	T025	C0027882
28063948	751	757	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28063948	760	765	pulse	T039	C0391850
28063948	769	779	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28063948	781	792	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28063948	793	799	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28063948	800	806	events	T051	C0441471
28063948	810	820	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28063948	828	836	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28063948	840	859	control experiments	T096	C0009932
28063948	860	871	disappeared	T033	C0243095
28063948	884	889	phase	T079	C0205390
28063948	898	924	after a few minutes of OGD	T043	C4236780
28063948	943	958	sharp/avalanche	T033	C0243095
28063948	960	977	global synchronic	T033	C0243095
28063948	992	1000	increase	T169	C0442805
28063948	1005	1011	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28063948	1022	1027	cells	T025	C0007634
28063948	1040	1049	after OGD	T043	C4236780
28063948	1053	1072	mass death of cells	T043	C0007587
28063948	1084	1094	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28063948	1123	1140	protective action	T080	C0205556
28063948	1148	1157	compounds	T121	C1254351
28063948	1159	1164	cells	T025	C0007634
28063948	1170	1179	incubated	T059	C1439852
28063948	1203	1225	neuroprotective agents	T121	C0242912
28063948	1255	1263	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28063948	1273	1295	neuroprotective agents	T121	C0242912
28063948	1296	1303	delayed	T079	C0205421
28063948	1314	1320	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28063948	1332	1342	during OGD	T043	C4236780
28063948	1346	1366	completely inhibited	T080	C0311403
28063948	1372	1379	process	T067	C1522240
28063948	1384	1393	increased	T081	C0205217
28063948	1394	1407	cell survival	T043	C0007620

28064005|t|Three-dimensional functional human neuronal networks in uncompressed low-density electrospun fiber scaffolds
28064005|a|We demonstrate an artificial three-dimensional (3D) electrical active human neuronal network system, by the growth of brain neural progenitors in highly porous low density electrospun poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) fiber scaffolds. In neuroscience research cell-based assays are important experimental instruments for studying neuronal function in health and disease. Traditional cell culture at 2D - surfaces induces abnormal cell - cell contacts and network formation. Hence, there is a tremendous need to explore in vivo - resembling 3D neural cell culture approaches. We present an improved electrospinning method for fabrication of scaffolds that promote neuronal differentiation into highly 3D integrated networks, formation of inhibitory and excitatory synapses and extensive neurite growth. Notably, in 3D scaffolds in vivo - resembling intermixed neuronal and glial cell network were formed, whereas in parallel 2D cultures a neuronal cell layer grew separated from an underlying glial cell layer. Hence, the use of the 3D cell assay presented will most likely provide more physiological relevant results.
28064005	0	17	Three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28064005	18	28	functional	T169	C0205245
28064005	29	34	human	T016	C0086418
28064005	35	52	neuronal networks	T040	C0598941
28064005	56	68	uncompressed	T169	C0205431
28064005	69	80	low-density	T081	C0178587
28064005	81	92	electrospun	T067	C1254366
28064005	93	98	fiber	T109,T121	C0225326
28064005	99	108	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28064005	127	137	artificial	T080	C2004457
28064005	138	155	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28064005	157	159	3D	T082	C0450363
28064005	161	171	electrical	T169	C0442828
28064005	172	178	active	T169	C0205177
28064005	179	184	human	T016	C0086418
28064005	185	208	neuronal network system	T040	C0598941
28064005	217	223	growth	T040	C0018270
28064005	227	232	brain	T023	C0006104
28064005	233	239	neural	T025	C0027882
28064005	240	251	progenitors	T025	C0038250
28064005	255	268	highly porous	T082	C1254362
28064005	269	280	low density	T081	C0178587
28064005	281	292	electrospun	T067	C1254366
28064005	293	312	poly-ε-caprolactone	T109	C0137734
28064005	314	317	PCL	T109	C0137734
28064005	319	324	fiber	T109,T121	C0225326
28064005	325	334	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28064005	339	360	neuroscience research	T062	C1518299
28064005	361	378	cell-based assays	T059	C0430300
28064005	393	405	experimental	T080	C1517586
28064005	406	417	instruments	T074	C0348000
28064005	431	448	neuronal function	T039	C0700630
28064005	452	470	health and disease	T070	C0679215
28064005	472	483	Traditional	T169	C0443324
28064005	484	496	cell culture	T059	C0007585
28064005	500	502	2D	T082	C1705052
28064005	505	513	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28064005	514	521	induces	T169	C0205263
28064005	522	530	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28064005	531	535	cell	T025	C0007634
28064005	538	542	cell	T025	C0007634
28064005	543	551	contacts	T169	C0332158
28064005	556	563	network	T029	C1184189
28064005	564	573	formation	T169	C1522492
28064005	620	627	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28064005	630	640	resembling	T080	C0205556
28064005	641	643	3D	T082	C0450363
28064005	644	650	neural	T025	C0027882
28064005	651	663	cell culture	T059	C0007585
28064005	690	698	improved	T033	C0184511
28064005	699	721	electrospinning method	T170	C0025663
28064005	726	737	fabrication	T067	C1254366
28064005	741	750	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28064005	756	763	promote	T052	C0033414
28064005	764	772	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28064005	773	788	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28064005	801	803	3D	T082	C0450363
28064005	804	823	integrated networks	T029	C1184189
28064005	825	834	formation	T169	C1522492
28064005	838	848	inhibitory	T026	C1512777
28064005	853	872	excitatory synapses	T026	C1516988
28064005	877	886	extensive	T080	C0205231
28064005	887	901	neurite growth	T043	C1753129
28064005	915	917	3D	T082	C0450363
28064005	918	927	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28064005	928	935	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28064005	938	948	resembling	T080	C0205556
28064005	960	968	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28064005	973	983	glial cell	T025	C0027836
28064005	984	991	network	T029	C1184189
28064005	997	1003	formed	T169	C0205431
28064005	1016	1024	parallel	T062	C2826345
28064005	1025	1027	2D	T082	C1705052
28064005	1028	1036	cultures	T059	C0007585
28064005	1039	1058	neuronal cell layer	T025	C0027882
28064005	1064	1073	separated	T080	C0443299
28064005	1093	1109	glial cell layer	T025	C0027836
28064005	1133	1135	3D	T082	C0450363
28064005	1136	1146	cell assay	T059	C0430300
28064005	1187	1200	physiological	T169	C0205463
28064005	1201	1209	relevant	T080	C2347946
28064005	1210	1217	results	T033	C0683954

28064483|t|One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis of Carbon Dots with Efficient Up- and Down-Converted Photoluminescence for the Sensitive Detection of Morin in a Dual-Readout Assay
28064483|a|Blue luminescent carbon dots (CDs) with a high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (48.3 ± 5.3%) were prepared by the one-pot hydrothermal reaction of citric acid with poly(ethylenimine) (PEI). The CDs display bright PL, narrow emission spectra, pH -dependent PL intensity, high photostability, and up-converted luminescence. The CDs exhibit a quenching of both down- and up-conversion PL in the presence of morin and thus serve as useful probes for morin detection. Both down- and up-conversion measurements allow the quantification of concentrations from 0 to 300 μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.6 μmol/L, and this dual-mode detection increases the reliability of the measurement. The proposed method of determination is simple, sensitive, and cost-effective, with potential applications in clinical and biochemical assays.
28064483	0	30	One-Pot Hydrothermal Synthesis	T067	C1254366
28064483	34	40	Carbon	T196	C0007009
28064483	41	45	Dots	T073	C3273359
28064483	61	101	Up- and Down-Converted Photoluminescence	UnknownType	C0259981
28064483	110	129	Sensitive Detection	T033	C0442726
28064483	133	138	Morin	T109,T121	C0066801
28064483	144	162	Dual-Readout Assay	T059	C1510438
28064483	163	179	Blue luminescent	T070	C1450275
28064483	180	186	carbon	T196	C0007009
28064483	187	191	dots	T073	C3273359
28064483	193	196	CDs	T073	C3273359
28064483	210	227	photoluminescence	UnknownType	C0259981
28064483	229	231	PL	UnknownType	C0259981
28064483	233	246	quantum yield	T081	C0392762
28064483	282	311	one-pot hydrothermal reaction	T067	C1254366
28064483	315	326	citric acid	T109,T121,T123	C0055819
28064483	332	350	poly(ethylenimine)	T109	C0029224
28064483	352	355	PEI	T109	C0029224
28064483	362	365	CDs	T073	C3273359
28064483	374	383	bright PL	UnknownType	C0259981
28064483	385	408	narrow emission spectra	T033	C0243095
28064483	410	412	pH	T081	C0020283
28064483	424	426	PL	UnknownType	C0259981
28064483	427	436	intensity	T070	C0596836
28064483	443	457	photostability	T080	C0205360
28064483	463	475	up-converted	T033	C0243095
28064483	476	488	luminescence	T070	C1450275
28064483	494	497	CDs	T073	C3273359
28064483	526	552	down- and up-conversion PL	UnknownType	C0259981
28064483	572	577	morin	T109,T121	C0066801
28064483	603	609	probes	T130	C0016321
28064483	614	619	morin	T109,T121	C0066801
28064483	620	629	detection	T033	C0442726
28064483	636	672	down- and up-conversion measurements	T169	C0242485
28064483	683	697	quantification	T081	C1709793
28064483	701	715	concentrations	T081	C0392762
28064483	744	759	detection limit	T081	C2718050
28064483	784	803	dual-mode detection	T059	C0022885
28064483	804	813	increases	T169	C0442805
28064483	818	829	reliability	T081	C2347947
28064483	837	848	measurement	T169	C0242485
28064483	863	869	method	T169	C0449851
28064483	873	886	determination	T059	C1148554
28064483	960	991	clinical and biochemical assays	T059	C0005507

28064539|t|Treating the binge or the (fat) body? Representations of fatness in a gold standard psychological treatment manual for binge eating disorder
28064539|a|This article reports the results of a Foucauldian -informed discourse analysis exploring representations of fatness embedded within an empirically based psychological treatment manual for binge eating disorder, a condition characterized by overvaluation of weight and shape. Analyses indicate that the manual prioritizes weight loss with relatively less emphasis placed on treating the diagnostic symptoms and underlying mechanisms of binge eating disorder. We raise critical concerns about these observations and link our findings to mainstream psychology's adoption of the medical framing of fatness as obesity within the " gold standard " approach to intervention. We recommend that psychology as a discipline abandons the weight loss imperative associated with binge eating disorder and fat bodies. We recommend that practitioners locate the problem of fat shame in society as opposed to the individual person's body and provide individuals with tools to identify and resist fat stigma and oppression, rather than provide them with tools to reshape their bodies.
28064539	0	8	Treating	T169	C1522326
28064539	13	18	binge	T048	C0596170
28064539	26	36	(fat) body	T023	C0015665
28064539	38	53	Representations	T052	C1882932
28064539	57	64	fatness	T033	C4024583
28064539	70	83	gold standard	T080	C0150110
28064539	84	97	psychological	T169	C0205486
28064539	98	114	treatment manual	UnknownType	C0814280
28064539	119	140	binge eating disorder	T048	C0596170
28064539	154	161	reports	T058	C0700287
28064539	166	173	results	T034	C0456984
28064539	179	190	Foucauldian	T016	C0086418
28064539	201	219	discourse analysis	T062	C0870428
28064539	230	245	representations	T052	C1882932
28064539	249	256	fatness	T033	C4024583
28064539	276	287	empirically	T080	C1880496
28064539	294	307	psychological	T169	C0205486
28064539	308	324	treatment manual	UnknownType	C0814280
28064539	329	350	binge eating disorder	T048	C0596170
28064539	354	363	condition	T080	C0348080
28064539	364	377	characterized	T052	C1880022
28064539	398	404	weight	T032	C0005910
28064539	409	414	shape	T080	C0348078
28064539	416	424	Analyses	T062	C0936012
28064539	425	433	indicate	T033	C1444656
28064539	443	449	manual	T073,T170	C0024763
28064539	462	473	weight loss	T033	C1262477
28064539	479	489	relatively	T080	C0205345
28064539	514	522	treating	T169	C1522326
28064539	527	537	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28064539	538	546	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28064539	562	572	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28064539	576	597	binge eating disorder	T048	C0596170
28064539	608	625	critical concerns	T033	C3869780
28064539	638	650	observations	T062	C0302523
28064539	664	672	findings	T033	C0243095
28064539	687	699	psychology's	T091	C0033909
28064539	716	731	medical framing	T080	C0205556
28064539	735	742	fatness	T033	C4024583
28064539	746	753	obesity	T047	C0028754
28064539	767	780	gold standard	T080	C0150110
28064539	795	807	intervention	T058	C1273869
28064539	827	837	psychology	T091	C0033909
28064539	843	853	discipline	T058	C0237070
28064539	867	878	weight loss	T033	C1262477
28064539	890	905	associated with	T080	C0332281
28064539	906	927	binge eating disorder	T048	C0596170
28064539	932	942	fat bodies	T023	C0015665
28064539	962	975	practitioners	T097	C0017319
28064539	987	994	problem	T033	C0033213
28064539	998	1007	fat shame	T041	C0036938
28064539	1011	1018	society	T092	C0037455
28064539	1037	1047	individual	T098	C0237401
28064539	1057	1061	body	T016	C0242821
28064539	1066	1073	provide	T052	C1999230
28064539	1074	1085	individuals	T098	C0237401
28064539	1120	1130	fat stigma	T033	C0277787
28064539	1135	1145	oppression	T054	C0235132
28064539	1159	1166	provide	T052	C1999230
28064539	1200	1206	bodies	T016	C0242821

28065172|t|INCORPORATING ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOMES INTO A HEALTH ECONOMIC MODEL
28065172|a|Traditional economic evaluations for most health technology assessments (HTAs) have previously not included environmental outcomes. With the growing interest in reducing the environmental impact of human activities, the need to consider how to include environmental outcomes into HTAs has increased. We present a simple method of doing so. We adapted an existing clinical - economic model to include environmental outcomes (carbon dioxide [CO2] emissions) to predict the consequences of adding insulin to an oral antidiabetic (OAD) regimen for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over 30 years, from the United Kingdom payer perspective. Epidemiological, efficacy, healthcare costs, utility, and carbon emissions data were derived from published literature. A scenario analysis was performed to explore the impact of parameter uncertainty. The addition of insulin to an OAD regimen increases costs by 2,668 British pounds per patient and is associated with 0.36 additional quality-adjusted life-years per patient. The insulin - OAD combination regimen generates more treatment and disease management - related CO2 emissions per patient (1,686 kg) than the OAD -only regimen (310 kg), but generates fewer emissions associated with treating complications (3,019 kg versus 3,337 kg). Overall, adding insulin to OAD therapy generates an extra 1,057 kg of CO2 emissions per patient over 30 years. The model offers a simple approach for incorporating environmental outcomes into health economic analyses, to support a decision-maker's objective of reducing the environmental impact of health care. Further work is required to improve the accuracy of the approach; in particular, the generation of resource-specific environmental impacts.
28065172	0	13	INCORPORATING	T169	C0243126
28065172	14	27	ENVIRONMENTAL	T082	C0014406
28065172	28	36	OUTCOMES	T081	C0086749
28065172	44	50	HEALTH	T078	C0018684
28065172	51	65	ECONOMIC MODEL	T081,T170	C0013554
28065172	78	98	economic evaluations	T057	C0150099
28065172	108	137	health technology assessments	T058	C0039423
28065172	139	143	HTAs	T058	C0039423
28065172	174	187	environmental	T082	C0014406
28065172	188	196	outcomes	T081	C0086749
28065172	227	235	reducing	T080	C0392756
28065172	240	260	environmental impact	T067	C0282165
28065172	264	280	human activities	T052	C0020115
28065172	318	331	environmental	T082	C0014406
28065172	332	340	outcomes	T081	C0086749
28065172	346	350	HTAs	T058	C0039423
28065172	355	364	increased	T081	C0205217
28065172	429	437	clinical	T080	C0205210
28065172	440	454	economic model	T081,T170	C0013554
28065172	466	479	environmental	T082	C0014406
28065172	480	488	outcomes	T081	C0086749
28065172	490	504	carbon dioxide	T123,T197	C0007012
28065172	506	509	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28065172	511	520	emissions	T167	C2349995
28065172	525	532	predict	T078	C0681842
28065172	537	552	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28065172	560	567	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28065172	574	578	oral	T082	C0442027
28065172	579	591	antidiabetic	T121	C0935929
28065172	593	596	OAD	T121	C0935929
28065172	598	605	regimen	T061	C0040808
28065172	610	618	patients	T101	C0030705
28065172	624	648	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28065172	650	654	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28065172	664	669	years	T079	C0439234
28065172	680	694	United Kingdom	T083	C0041700
28065172	695	700	payer	T092	C2348942
28065172	714	729	Epidemiological	T062	C0002783
28065172	731	739	efficacy	T062	C1707887
28065172	741	757	healthcare costs	T081	C0085552
28065172	772	778	carbon	T123,T197	C0007012
28065172	779	788	emissions	T167	C2349995
28065172	789	793	data	T078	C1511726
28065172	799	806	derived	T080	C1441547
28065172	812	832	published literature	T170	C0023866
28065172	836	844	scenario	T169	C0683579
28065172	845	853	analysis	T062	C0936012
28065172	858	867	performed	T169	C0884358
28065172	883	889	impact	T080	C4049986
28065172	893	902	parameter	T077	C0549193
28065172	903	914	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28065172	932	939	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28065172	946	949	OAD	T121	C0935929
28065172	950	957	regimen	T061	C0040808
28065172	958	967	increases	T169	C0442805
28065172	968	973	costs	T081	C0010186
28065172	1002	1009	patient	T101	C0030705
28065172	1017	1032	associated with	T080	C0332281
28065172	1038	1048	additional	T169	C1524062
28065172	1049	1076	quality-adjusted life-years	T079	C0080071
28065172	1081	1088	patient	T101	C0030705
28065172	1094	1101	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28065172	1104	1107	OAD	T121	C0935929
28065172	1108	1119	combination	T080	C0205195
28065172	1120	1127	regimen	T061	C0040808
28065172	1143	1152	treatment	T169	C0039798
28065172	1157	1175	disease management	T058	C0376636
28065172	1178	1185	related	T080	C0439849
28065172	1186	1189	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28065172	1190	1199	emissions	T167	C2349995
28065172	1204	1211	patient	T101	C0030705
28065172	1232	1235	OAD	T121	C0935929
28065172	1242	1249	regimen	T061	C0040808
28065172	1280	1289	emissions	T167	C2349995
28065172	1290	1305	associated with	T080	C0332281
28065172	1306	1314	treating	T169	C1522326
28065172	1315	1328	complications	T046	C0009566
28065172	1373	1380	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28065172	1384	1387	OAD	T121	C0935929
28065172	1388	1395	therapy	T061	C0087111
28065172	1427	1430	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28065172	1431	1440	emissions	T167	C2349995
28065172	1445	1452	patient	T101	C0030705
28065172	1461	1466	years	T079	C0439234
28065172	1472	1477	model	T075	C0026336
28065172	1507	1520	incorporating	T169	C0243126
28065172	1521	1534	environmental	T082	C0014406
28065172	1535	1543	outcomes	T081	C0086749
28065172	1549	1555	health	T078	C0018684
28065172	1556	1573	economic analyses	T057	C0150099
28065172	1618	1626	reducing	T080	C0392756
28065172	1631	1651	environmental impact	T067	C0282165
28065172	1655	1666	health care	T058	C0086388
28065172	1696	1703	improve	T033	C0184511
28065172	1708	1716	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28065172	1753	1763	generation	T052	C3146294
28065172	1785	1806	environmental impacts	T067	C0282165

28065421|t|Exploration of the Influence of Factors Identified in the Literature on School-aged Children's Emotional Responses to Asthma
28065421|a|Approximately 6.3 million US children suffer from asthma. The purpose of this study was to explore factors on school-aged children's emotional responses to asthma, N=85, ages 6-12. Correlations included Asthma related child emotional functioning QOL and (a) asthma severity, r=-0.30, p<0.01, (b) child internalizing behaviors, r=-0.26, p<0.05, (c) child externalizing behaviors r=-0.43, p<0.001; Caregiver emotional functioning QOL and (a) asthma severity, r=-0.39, p<0.001, (b) child internalizing behaviors, r=-0.22, p<0.05, (c) child externalizing behaviors, r=-0.25; p<0.05. Multiple regression analysis revealed that asthma severity and child externalizing problems accounted for 26% of the variance in asthma related child emotional functioning QOL, F (4, 79)=7.051, p<0.001 (asthma severity, β=-0.31, p<0.01; child externalizing problem behaviors, β=-0.43, p<0.001). Findings imply that asthma research should consider problem behaviors of school-aged children when addressing asthma related emotional functioning QOL.
28065421	0	11	Exploration	T061	C1280903
28065421	19	28	Influence	T077	C4054723
28065421	32	39	Factors	T041	C0033898
28065421	40	50	Identified	T080	C0205396
28065421	58	68	Literature	T170	C0023866
28065421	72	83	School-aged	T032	C0001779
28065421	84	94	Children's	T100	C0008059
28065421	95	114	Emotional Responses	T041	C0870485
28065421	118	124	Asthma	T047	C0004096
28065421	125	138	Approximately	T080	C0332232
28065421	143	150	million	T081	C1881839
28065421	151	153	US	T083	C0041703
28065421	154	162	children	T100	C0008059
28065421	163	169	suffer	T184	C0751408
28065421	175	181	asthma	T047	C0004096
28065421	203	208	study	T062	C2603343
28065421	224	231	factors	T041	C0033898
28065421	235	246	school-aged	T032	C0001779
28065421	247	257	children's	T100	C0008059
28065421	258	277	emotional responses	T041	C0870485
28065421	281	287	asthma	T047	C0004096
28065421	295	299	ages	T032	C0001779
28065421	306	318	Correlations	T080	C1707520
28065421	328	342	Asthma related	T047	C0004096
28065421	343	348	child	T100	C0008059
28065421	349	358	emotional	T041	C0013987
28065421	359	370	functioning	T169	C0542341
28065421	371	374	QOL	T078	C0034380
28065421	383	398	asthma severity	T058	C0581122
28065421	421	426	child	T100	C0008059
28065421	427	450	internalizing behaviors	T053	C0004927
28065421	473	478	child	T100	C0008059
28065421	479	502	externalizing behaviors	T053	C0004927
28065421	521	530	Caregiver	T097	C0085537
28065421	531	540	emotional	T041	C0013987
28065421	541	552	functioning	T169	C0542341
28065421	553	556	QOL	T078	C0034380
28065421	565	580	asthma severity	T058	C0581122
28065421	604	609	child	T100	C0008059
28065421	610	633	internalizing behaviors	T053	C0004927
28065421	656	661	child	T100	C0008059
28065421	662	685	externalizing behaviors	T053	C0004927
28065421	704	712	Multiple	T081	C0439064
28065421	713	732	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28065421	747	762	asthma severity	T058	C0581122
28065421	767	772	child	T100	C0008059
28065421	773	795	externalizing problems	T053	C0004927
28065421	821	829	variance	T080	C1711260
28065421	833	847	asthma related	T047	C0004096
28065421	848	853	child	T100	C0008059
28065421	854	863	emotional	T041	C0013987
28065421	864	875	functioning	T169	C0542341
28065421	876	879	QOL	T078	C0034380
28065421	907	922	asthma severity	T058	C0581122
28065421	941	946	child	T100	C0008059
28065421	947	978	externalizing problem behaviors	T053	C0004927
28065421	999	1007	Findings	T033	C0243095
28065421	1019	1025	asthma	T047	C0004096
28065421	1026	1034	research	T062	C0035168
28065421	1051	1068	problem behaviors	T048	C0233514
28065421	1072	1083	school-aged	T032	C0001779
28065421	1084	1092	children	T100	C0008059
28065421	1109	1123	asthma related	T047	C0004096
28065421	1124	1133	emotional	T041	C0013987
28065421	1134	1145	functioning	T169	C0542341
28065421	1146	1149	QOL	T078	C0034380

28065558|t|The availability of community health center services and access to medical care
28065558|a|Community Health Centers (CHCs) funded by Section 330 of the Public Health Service Act are an essential part of the health care safety net in the US. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act expanded the program significantly, but the extent to which the availability of CHCs improve access to care in general is not clear. In this paper, we examine the associations between the availability of CHC services in communities and two key measures of ambulatory care access - having a usual source of care and having any office-based medical visits over a one year period. We pooled six years of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2008-2013) and linked it to geographic data on CHCs from Health Resources and Services Administration's Health Center Program Uniform Data System. We also link other community characteristics from the Area Health Resource File and the Dartmouth Institute's data files. The associations between CHC availability and our access measures are estimated with logistic regression models stratified by insurance status. The availability of CHC services was positively associated with both measures of access among those with no insurance coverage. Additionally, it was positively associated with having a usual source of care among those with Medicaid and private insurance. These findings persist after controlling for key individual - and community - level characteristics. Our findings suggest that an enhanced CHC program could be an important resource for supporting the efficacy of expanded Medicaid coverage under the Affordable Care Act and, ultimately, improving access to quality primary care for underserved Americans.
28065558	4	19	availability of	T169	C0470187
28065558	20	43	community health center	T073,T093	C0009469
28065558	44	52	services	T057	C0557854
28065558	67	79	medical care	T058	C0199168
28065558	80	104	Community Health Centers	T073,T093	C0009469
28065558	106	110	CHCs	T073,T093	C0009469
28065558	122	133	Section 330	T064	C2371787
28065558	141	166	Public Health Service Act	T089	C0680575
28065558	196	218	health care safety net	T093	C3661444
28065558	226	228	US	T083	C0041703
28065558	234	276	Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act	T089	C2936611
28065558	290	297	program	T064	C0018106
28065558	357	361	CHCs	T073,T093	C0009469
28065558	380	384	care	T052	C1947933
28065558	481	484	CHC	T073,T093	C0009469
28065558	485	493	services	T057	C0557854
28065558	497	508	communities	T096	C0009462
28065558	533	548	ambulatory care	T058	C0002423
28065558	549	555	access	T078	C0015472
28065558	583	587	care	T052	C1947933
28065558	616	623	medical	T169	C0205476
28065558	624	630	visits	T053	C0545082
28065558	638	641	one	T081	C0205447
28065558	642	646	year	T079	C0439234
28065558	647	653	period	T079	C1948053
28065558	665	668	six	T081	C0205452
28065558	669	674	years	T079	C0439234
28065558	678	682	data	T078	C1511726
28065558	692	724	Medical Expenditure Panel Survey	T170	C0282574
28065558	754	764	geographic	T082	C1517526
28065558	765	769	data	T078	C1511726
28065558	773	777	CHCs	T073,T093	C0009469
28065558	783	829	Health Resources and Services Administration's	T093	C0041720
28065558	830	871	Health Center Program Uniform Data System	T170	C0282574
28065558	892	901	community	T096	C0009462
28065558	927	952	Area Health Resource File	T170	C0282574
28065558	961	993	Dartmouth Institute's data files	T170	C0282574
28065558	1020	1023	CHC	T073,T093	C0009469
28065558	1024	1036	availability	T169	C0470187
28065558	1080	1099	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28065558	1100	1106	models	T170	C3161035
28065558	1107	1117	stratified	T080	C0205363
28065558	1121	1137	insurance status	T078	C0376629
28065558	1143	1158	availability of	T169	C0470187
28065558	1159	1162	CHC	T073,T093	C0009469
28065558	1163	1171	services	T057	C0557854
28065558	1176	1186	positively	T033	C1446409
28065558	1244	1265	no insurance coverage	T033	C3845078
28065558	1288	1298	positively	T033	C1446409
28065558	1340	1344	care	T052	C1947933
28065558	1362	1370	Medicaid	T064	C0025071
28065558	1375	1392	private insurance	T064	C3845555
28065558	1400	1408	findings	T033	C0243095
28065558	1443	1453	individual	T098	C0237401
28065558	1460	1469	community	T096	C0009462
28065558	1472	1477	level	T080	C0441889
28065558	1478	1493	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28065558	1499	1507	findings	T033	C0243095
28065558	1533	1536	CHC	T073,T093	C0009469
28065558	1595	1603	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28065558	1616	1624	Medicaid	T064	C0025071
28065558	1644	1663	Affordable Care Act	T089	C2936611
28065558	1701	1708	quality	T080	C0332306
28065558	1709	1721	primary care	T058	C0033137
28065558	1738	1747	Americans	T098	C0596070

28065623|t|An Anatomic Investigation Into the Relationship Between Posterior Condylar Offset and Posterior Tibial Slope of One Thousand One Hundred Thirty-Eight Cadaveric Knees
28065623|a|Posterior condylar offset (PCO) and posterior tibial slope (PTS) have critical consequences in total knee arthroplasty, especially with regards to sagittal plane balancing. However, there has only been limited investigation into the functional consequences of each, and there have only been anecdotal observations regarding any associations between PCO and PTS. In a large osteological study of 1138 knees, standardized measurements of PCO and PTS were taken using previously described techniques on specimens of different age, race, and gender. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine the independent predictors of medial and lateral PTS. Mean standardized medial PCO was greater than lateral PCO (1.22 ± 0.16 vs 1.15 ± 0.19 mm, P < .001) and medial PTS was greater than lateral PTS (7.3 ± 3.8° vs 5.7 ± 3.7°, P < .001). Decreasing PCO, female gender, and African-American race were associated with both increased medial and lateral PTS. Neither age nor femoral length correlated with medial or lateral PTS. These data are the first to quantify that an inverse correlation between PCO and PTS exists. This relationship represents an important area for future biomechanical and clinical studies.
28065623	3	11	Anatomic	T080	C0220784
28065623	12	25	Investigation	T058	C0220825
28065623	35	47	Relationship	T080	C0439849
28065623	56	74	Posterior Condylar	T030	C0224510
28065623	75	81	Offset	T081	C1711330
28065623	86	102	Posterior Tibial	T023	C0040184
28065623	103	108	Slope	T081	C0807955
28065623	150	159	Cadaveric	T017	C0006629
28065623	160	165	Knees	T023	C0022742
28065623	166	184	Posterior condylar	T030	C0224510
28065623	185	191	offset	T081	C1711330
28065623	193	196	PCO	T081	C1711330
28065623	202	218	posterior tibial	T023	C0040184
28065623	219	224	slope	T081	C0807955
28065623	226	229	PTS	T081	C0807955
28065623	236	244	critical	T080	C1511545
28065623	245	257	consequences	T078	C1547646
28065623	261	284	total knee arthroplasty	T061	C0086511
28065623	313	327	sagittal plane	T029	C0935598
28065623	328	337	balancing	T033	C0560187
28065623	368	375	limited	T169	C0439801
28065623	376	389	investigation	T058	C0220825
28065623	399	409	functional	T169	C0205245
28065623	410	422	consequences	T078	C1547646
28065623	457	479	anecdotal observations	T170	C2986414
28065623	494	506	associations	T080	C0439849
28065623	515	518	PCO	T081	C1711330
28065623	523	526	PTS	T081	C0807955
28065623	539	551	osteological	T091	C3178759
28065623	552	557	study	T062	C2603343
28065623	566	571	knees	T023	C0022742
28065623	573	598	standardized measurements	T058	C1255664
28065623	602	605	PCO	T081	C1711330
28065623	610	613	PTS	T081	C0807955
28065623	631	641	previously	T079	C0205156
28065623	642	651	described	T078	C1552738
28065623	652	662	techniques	T169	C0449851
28065623	666	675	specimens	T058	C3826454
28065623	679	688	different	T080	C1705242
28065623	689	692	age	T032	C0001779
28065623	694	698	race	T098	C0034510
28065623	704	710	gender	T032	C0079399
28065623	712	720	Multiple	T081	C0439064
28065623	721	738	linear regression	T081	C0023733
28065623	743	752	performed	T169	C0884358
28065623	770	781	independent	T169	C0332291
28065623	782	792	predictors	T078	C2698872
28065623	796	802	medial	T082	C0205098
28065623	807	814	lateral	T082	C0205093
28065623	820	824	Mean	T081	C2348143
28065623	825	837	standardized	T081	C0392762
28065623	838	844	medial	T082	C0205098
28065623	845	848	PCO	T081	C1711330
28065623	853	860	greater	T081	C1704243
28065623	866	873	lateral	T082	C0205093
28065623	874	877	PCO	T081	C1711330
28065623	924	930	medial	T082	C0205098
28065623	931	934	PTS	T081	C0807955
28065623	939	946	greater	T081	C1704243
28065623	952	959	lateral	T082	C0205093
28065623	960	963	PTS	T081	C0807955
28065623	1002	1012	Decreasing	T081	C0205216
28065623	1013	1016	PCO	T081	C1711330
28065623	1018	1024	female	T032	C0086287
28065623	1025	1031	gender	T032	C0079399
28065623	1037	1053	African-American	T098	C0085756
28065623	1054	1058	race	T098	C0034510
28065623	1064	1079	associated with	T080	C0332281
28065623	1085	1094	increased	T081	C0205217
28065623	1095	1101	medial	T082	C0205098
28065623	1106	1113	lateral	T082	C0205093
28065623	1127	1130	age	T032	C0001779
28065623	1135	1142	femoral	T023	C0015811
28065623	1143	1149	length	T081	C1444754
28065623	1150	1160	correlated	T080	C1707520
28065623	1166	1172	medial	T082	C0205098
28065623	1176	1183	lateral	T082	C0205093
28065623	1184	1187	PTS	T081	C0807955
28065623	1195	1199	data	T078	C1511726
28065623	1217	1225	quantify	T081	C1709793
28065623	1234	1241	inverse	T080	C0439850
28065623	1242	1253	correlation	T080	C1707520
28065623	1262	1265	PCO	T081	C1711330
28065623	1270	1273	PTS	T081	C0807955
28065623	1287	1299	relationship	T080	C0439849
28065623	1300	1310	represents	T052	C1882932
28065623	1314	1323	important	T080	C3898777
28065623	1333	1339	future	T079	C0016884
28065623	1340	1353	biomechanical	T060	C0846602
28065623	1358	1374	clinical studies	T062	C0008972

28066382|t|High Diversity of Planctomycetes in Soils of Two Lichen -Dominated Sub-Arctic Ecosystems of Northwestern Siberia
28066382|a|A wide variety of terrestrial ecosystems in tundra have a ground vegetation cover composed of reindeer lichens (genera Cladonia and Cetraria). The microbial communities of two lichen -dominated ecosystems typical of the sub-arctic zone of northwestern Siberia, that is a forested tundra soil and a shallow acidic peatland, were examined in our study. As revealed by molecular analyses, soil and peat layers just beneath the lichen cover were abundantly colonized by bacteria from the phylum Planctomycetes. Highest abundance of planctomycetes detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization was in the range 2.2-2.7 × 10(7) cells per gram of wet weight. 16S rRNA gene fragments from the Planctomycetes comprised 8-13% of total 16S rRNA gene reads retrieved using Illumina pair-end sequencing from the soil and peat samples. Lichen -associated assemblages of planctomycetes displayed unexpectedly high diversity, with a total of 89,662 reads representing 1723 operational taxonomic units determined at 97% sequence identity. The soil of forested tundra was dominated by uncultivated members of the family Planctomycetaceae (53-71% of total Planctomycetes -like reads), while sequences affiliated with the Phycisphaera-related group WD2101 (recently assigned to the order Tepidisphaerales) were most abundant in peat (28-51% of total reads). Representatives of the Isosphaera - Singulisphaera group (14-28% of total reads) and the lineages defined by the genera Gemmata (1-4%) and Planctopirus - Rubinisphaera (1-3%) were present in both habitats. Two strains of Singulisphaera-like bacteria were isolated from studied soil and peat samples. These planctomycetes displayed good tolerance of low temperatures (4-15°C) and were capable of growth on a number of polysaccharides, including lichenan, a characteristic component of lichen -derived phytomass.
28066382	5	14	Diversity	T080	C1880371
28066382	18	32	Planctomycetes	T007	C1222577
28066382	36	41	Soils	T167	C0037592
28066382	49	55	Lichen	T002	C0023657
28066382	67	77	Sub-Arctic	T083	C0003740
28066382	78	88	Ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28066382	92	104	Northwestern	T082	C1709274
28066382	105	112	Siberia	T083	C0037045
28066382	131	142	terrestrial	T082	C0562020
28066382	143	153	ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28066382	157	163	tundra	T083	C3850151
28066382	216	223	lichens	T002	C0023657
28066382	225	231	genera	T185	C1708235
28066382	232	240	Cladonia	T004	C1080962
28066382	245	253	Cetraria	T004	C1094116
28066382	260	269	microbial	T001	C0599840
28066382	289	295	lichen	T002	C0023657
28066382	307	317	ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28066382	333	348	sub-arctic zone	T083	C0003740
28066382	352	364	northwestern	T082	C1709274
28066382	365	372	Siberia	T083	C0037045
28066382	384	392	forested	T070	C0086312
28066382	393	399	tundra	T083	C3850151
28066382	400	404	soil	T167	C0037592
28066382	411	434	shallow acidic peatland	T083	C0017446
28066382	457	462	study	T062	C2603343
28066382	499	503	soil	T167	C0037592
28066382	508	512	peat	T167	C0030739
28066382	537	543	lichen	T002	C0023657
28066382	566	575	colonized	T033	C4289767
28066382	579	587	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28066382	597	603	phylum	T185	C1709533
28066382	604	618	Planctomycetes	T007	C1222577
28066382	641	655	planctomycetes	T007	C1222577
28066382	668	680	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28066382	681	702	in situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
28066382	736	764	cells per gram of wet weight	T081	C0392762
28066382	766	774	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
28066382	775	789	gene fragments	T028	C0017337
28066382	799	813	Planctomycetes	T007	C1222577
28066382	839	847	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
28066382	848	852	gene	T028	C0017337
28066382	875	903	Illumina pair-end sequencing	T170	C1553778
28066382	913	917	soil	T167	C0037592
28066382	922	934	peat samples	T167	C0030739
28066382	936	942	Lichen	T002	C0023657
28066382	970	984	planctomycetes	T007	C1222577
28066382	1013	1022	diversity	T080	C1880371
28066382	1071	1098	operational taxonomic units	T062	C0683955
28066382	1117	1134	sequence identity	T081	C1710052
28066382	1140	1144	soil	T167	C0037592
28066382	1157	1163	tundra	T083	C3850151
28066382	1209	1215	family	T077	C1704727
28066382	1216	1233	Planctomycetaceae	T007	C0995267
28066382	1251	1265	Planctomycetes	T007	C1222577
28066382	1286	1295	sequences	T086	C0162326
28066382	1316	1349	Phycisphaera-related group WD2101	T007	C2791840
28066382	1376	1381	order	T185	C1705177
28066382	1382	1398	Tepidisphaerales	T007	C4087581
28066382	1422	1426	peat	T167	C0030739
28066382	1475	1485	Isosphaera	T007	C0995268
28066382	1488	1508	Singulisphaera group	T007	C2291815
28066382	1541	1549	lineages	T077	C1881379
28066382	1565	1571	genera	T185	C1708235
28066382	1572	1579	Gemmata	T007	C0995258
28066382	1591	1603	Planctopirus	T007	C4103516
28066382	1606	1619	Rubinisphaera	T007	C4103506
28066382	1648	1656	habitats	T082	C0871648
28066382	1673	1701	Singulisphaera-like bacteria	T007	C0004611
28066382	1729	1733	soil	T167	C0037592
28066382	1738	1750	peat samples	T167	C0030739
28066382	1758	1772	planctomycetes	T007	C1222577
28066382	1801	1817	low temperatures	T070	C0009264
28066382	1847	1853	growth	T040	C0018270
28066382	1869	1884	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
28066382	1896	1904	lichenan	T109	C0064959
28066382	1936	1942	lichen	T002	C0023657
28066382	1952	1961	phytomass	T081	C0005535

28066530|t|PLAY HANDS PROTECTIVE GLOVES: TECHNICAL NOTE ON DESIGN AND CONCEPT
28066530|a|Cerebral Palsy (CP) is the leading cause of childhood motor disability, with a global incidence of 1.6 to 2.5/1,000 live births. Approximately 23% of children with CP are dependent upon assistive technologies. Some children with developmental disabilities have self-injurious behaviors such as finger biting but also have therapeutic needs. The purpose of this technical note is to describe design considerations for a protective glove and finger covering that maintains finger dexterity for children who exhibit finger and hand chewing (dermatophagia) and require therapeutic range of motion and may benefit from sensory stimulation resulting from constant contact between glove and skin. Protecting Little and Adolescent Youth (PLAY) Hands are protective gloves for children with developmental disorders such as CP who injure themselves by biting their hands due to pain or sensory issues. PLAY Hands will be cosmetically appealing gloves that provide therapeutic warmth, tactile sensory feedback, range of motion for donning/ doffing, and protection to maximize function and quality of life for families of children with developmental disorders. The technology is either a per-finger protective orthosis or an entire glove solution designed from durable 3D-printed biodegradable / bioabsorbable materials such as thermoplastics. PLAY Hands represent a series of protective hand wear interventions in the areas of self-mutilating behavior, kinematics, and sensation. They will be made available in a range of protective iterations from single- or multi-digit finger orthoses to a basic glove design to a more structurally robust and protective iteration. To improve the quality of life for patients and caregivers, they are conceptualized to be cosmetically appealing, protective, and therapeutic.
28066530	0	28	PLAY HANDS PROTECTIVE GLOVES	T073	C0206069
28066530	48	54	DESIGN	T052	C1707689
28066530	59	66	CONCEPT	T078	C0178566
28066530	67	81	Cerebral Palsy	T047	C0007789
28066530	83	85	CP	T047	C0007789
28066530	111	120	childhood	T079	C0231335
28066530	121	137	motor disability	T033	C4228195
28066530	153	162	incidence	T081	C0021149
28066530	183	194	live births	T033	C0481667
28066530	217	225	children	T100	C0008059
28066530	231	233	CP	T047	C0007789
28066530	253	275	assistive technologies	T073	C0872018
28066530	282	290	children	T100	C0008059
28066530	296	322	developmental disabilities	T048	C0008073
28066530	328	352	self-injurious behaviors	T055	C0085271
28066530	361	374	finger biting	T039	C2584293
28066530	412	419	purpose	T169	C1285529
28066530	428	442	technical note	T170	C1317574
28066530	458	464	design	T052	C1707689
28066530	486	502	protective glove	T073	C0206069
28066530	507	522	finger covering	T073	C3273359
28066530	538	544	finger	T023	C0016129
28066530	545	554	dexterity	T032	C0237569
28066530	559	567	children	T100	C0008059
28066530	580	603	finger and hand chewing	T048	C0028768
28066530	605	618	dermatophagia	T048	C0028768
28066530	632	643	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28066530	644	659	range of motion	T201	C2607871
28066530	681	700	sensory stimulation	T061	C0150763
28066530	716	732	constant contact	T169	C0332158
28066530	741	746	glove	T073	C0441051
28066530	751	755	skin	T022	C1123023
28066530	757	808	Protecting Little and Adolescent Youth (PLAY) Hands	T073	C0206069
28066530	813	830	protective gloves	T073	C0206069
28066530	835	843	children	T100	C0008059
28066530	849	872	developmental disorders	T048	C0008073
28066530	881	883	CP	T047	C0007789
28066530	909	915	biting	T039	C2584293
28066530	922	927	hands	T023	C0018563
28066530	935	939	pain	T184	C0030193
28066530	943	957	sensory issues	T033	C1271072
28066530	959	969	PLAY Hands	T073	C0206069
28066530	978	1007	cosmetically appealing gloves	T073	C0206069
28066530	1021	1039	therapeutic warmth	T039	C0392197
28066530	1041	1048	tactile	T080	C0439815
28066530	1049	1065	sensory feedback	T041	C0178842
28066530	1067	1082	range of motion	T201	C2607871
28066530	1132	1140	function	T169	C0542341
28066530	1145	1160	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28066530	1165	1173	families	T099	C0015576
28066530	1177	1185	children	T100	C0008059
28066530	1191	1214	developmental disorders	T048	C0008073
28066530	1220	1230	technology	T090	C0039421
28066530	1243	1273	per-finger protective orthosis	T074	C3688972
28066530	1287	1292	glove	T073	C0441051
28066530	1293	1301	solution	T167	C0037633
28066530	1335	1348	biodegradable	T167	C0520510
28066530	1351	1374	bioabsorbable materials	T167	C0520510
28066530	1383	1397	thermoplastics	T167	C0520510
28066530	1399	1409	PLAY Hands	T073	C0206069
28066530	1432	1452	protective hand wear	T073	C0206069
28066530	1453	1466	interventions	T061	C0184661
28066530	1483	1507	self-mutilating behavior	T037	C0036601
28066530	1509	1519	kinematics	T091	C0600169
28066530	1525	1534	sensation	T080	C1455667
28066530	1578	1599	protective iterations	T033	C1854293
28066530	1605	1612	single-	T074	C3688972
28066530	1616	1643	multi-digit finger orthoses	T074	C3688972
28066530	1655	1660	glove	T073	C0441051
28066530	1661	1667	design	T052	C1707689
28066530	1691	1697	robust	T080	C2986815
28066530	1702	1722	protective iteration	T033	C1854293
28066530	1739	1754	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28066530	1759	1767	patients	T101	C0030705
28066530	1772	1782	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28066530	1838	1848	protective	T073	C0033612
28066530	1854	1865	therapeutic	T169	C0302350

28066591|t|Relationship between polycythemia and in-hospital mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with low-risk pulmonary embolism
28066591|a|Pulmonary embolism (PE) is frequent in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and associated with high mortality. This multi-center retrospective study was performed to investigate if secondary polycythemia is associated with in-hospital mortality in COPD patients with low-risk PE. We identified COPD patients with proven PE between October, 2005 and October, 2015. Patients in risk classes III-V on the basis of the PESI score were excluded. We extracted demographic, clinical and laboratory information at the time of admission from medical records. All subjects were followed until hospital discharge to identify all-cause mortality. We enrolled 629 consecutive patients with COPD and PE at low risk: 132 of them (21.0%) with and 497 (79.0%) without secondary polycythemia. Compared with those without polycythemia, the polycythemia group had significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) level (0.9±0.3 vs. 1.4±0.5, P=0.000), lower PaO2 and SpO2 as well as higher PaCO2 (P=0.03, P=0.03 and P=0.000, respectively). COPD patients with polycythemia had a higher proportion of arrhythmia in electrocardiogram (ECG) (49.5% vs. 35.7%, P=0.02), a longer hospital duration time (15.3±10.1 vs. 9.7±9.1, P=0.001), a higher mechanical ventilation rate (noninvasive and invasive, 51.7% vs. 30.3%, P=0.04 and 31.0% vs. 7.9%, P=0.04, respectively), and a higher in-hospital mortality (12.1% vs. 6.6%, P=0.04). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that polycythemia was associated with mortality in COPD patients with low-risk PE (adjusted OR 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.66). Polycythemia is an independent risk factor for all-cause in-hospital mortality in COPD patients with PE at low risk.
28066591	0	12	Relationship	T080	C0439849
28066591	21	33	polycythemia	T047	C0032461
28066591	38	59	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28066591	63	100	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
28066591	101	109	patients	T101	C0030705
28066591	115	123	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28066591	124	142	pulmonary embolism	T047	C0034065
28066591	143	161	Pulmonary embolism	T047	C0034065
28066591	163	165	PE	T047	C0034065
28066591	170	178	frequent	T079	C0332183
28066591	182	190	subjects	T098	C0080105
28066591	196	233	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
28066591	235	239	COPD	T047	C0024117
28066591	245	260	associated with	T080	C0332281
28066591	266	275	mortality	T081	C0079320
28066591	282	314	multi-center retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28066591	332	343	investigate	T169	C1292732
28066591	357	369	polycythemia	T047	C0032461
28066591	373	388	associated with	T080	C0332281
28066591	389	410	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28066591	414	418	COPD	T047	C0024117
28066591	419	427	patients	T101	C0030705
28066591	433	441	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28066591	442	444	PE	T047	C0034065
28066591	460	464	COPD	T047	C0024117
28066591	465	473	patients	T101	C0030705
28066591	486	488	PE	T047	C0034065
28066591	530	538	Patients	T101	C0030705
28066591	581	591	PESI score	T033	C0243095
28066591	620	631	demographic	T090	C0011298
28066591	633	641	clinical	T080	C0205210
28066591	646	668	laboratory information	UnknownType	C0677075
28066591	676	693	time of admission	T079	C3854259
28066591	699	714	medical records	T170	C0025102
28066591	720	728	subjects	T098	C0080105
28066591	749	767	hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
28066591	790	799	mortality	T081	C0079320
28066591	829	837	patients	T101	C0030705
28066591	843	847	COPD	T047	C0024117
28066591	852	854	PE	T047	C0034065
28066591	858	866	low risk	T081	C3538919
28066591	927	939	polycythemia	T047	C0032461
28066591	969	981	polycythemia	T047	C0032461
28066591	987	999	polycythemia	T047	C0032461
28066591	1010	1029	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28066591	1030	1081	forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) level	T060	C2238302
28066591	1114	1124	lower PaO2	T033	C2363807
28066591	1129	1133	SpO2	T042	C2317096
28066591	1145	1157	higher PaCO2	T034	C0391839
28066591	1202	1206	COPD	T047	C0024117
28066591	1207	1215	patients	T101	C0030705
28066591	1221	1233	polycythemia	T047	C0032461
28066591	1240	1246	higher	T080	C0205250
28066591	1247	1257	proportion	T081	C1709707
28066591	1261	1271	arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
28066591	1275	1292	electrocardiogram	T033	C0013798
28066591	1294	1297	ECG	T033	C0013798
28066591	1335	1357	hospital duration time	T081	C0392762
28066591	1394	1400	higher	T080	C0205250
28066591	1401	1428	mechanical ventilation rate	T061	C2223989
28066591	1430	1441	noninvasive	T185	C2986496
28066591	1446	1454	invasive	T080	C0205281
28066591	1529	1535	higher	T080	C0205250
28066591	1536	1557	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28066591	1584	1625	Multivariate logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28066591	1640	1652	polycythemia	T047	C0032461
28066591	1657	1672	associated with	T080	C0332281
28066591	1673	1682	mortality	T081	C0079320
28066591	1686	1690	COPD	T047	C0024117
28066591	1691	1699	patients	T101	C0030705
28066591	1705	1713	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28066591	1714	1716	PE	T047	C0034065
28066591	1756	1768	Polycythemia	T047	C0032461
28066591	1787	1798	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28066591	1813	1834	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28066591	1838	1842	COPD	T047	C0024117
28066591	1843	1851	patients	T101	C0030705
28066591	1857	1859	PE	T047	C0034065
28066591	1863	1871	low risk	T081	C3538919

28066805|t|Evaluation of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Response to Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
28066805|a|This study aims to assess the utility of quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in comparison with imaging tumor size for early prediction and evaluation of soft tissue sarcoma response to preoperative chemoradiotherapy. In total, 20 patients with intermediate- to high-grade soft tissue sarcomas received either a phase I trial regimen of sorafenib + chemoradiotherapy (n = 8) or chemoradiotherapy only (n = 12), and underwent DCE-MRI at baseline, after 2 weeks of treatment with sorafenib or after the first chemotherapy cycle, and after therapy completion. MRI tumor size in the longest diameter (LD) was measured according to the RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) guidelines. Pharmacokinetic analyses of DCE-MRI data were performed using the Shutter-Speed model. After only 2 weeks of treatment with sorafenib or after 1 chemotherapy cycle, K(trans) (rate constant for plasma / interstitium contrast agent transfer) and its percent change were good early predictors of optimal versus suboptimal pathological response with univariate logistic regression C statistics values of 0.90 and 0.80, respectively, whereas RECIST LD percent change was only a fair predictor (C = 0.72). Post-therapy K(trans), ve (extravascular and extracellular volume fraction), and kep (intravasation rate constant), not RECIST LD, were excellent (C > 0.90) markers of therapy response. Several DCE-MRI parameters before, during, and after therapy showed significant (P < .05) correlations with percent necrosis of resected tumor specimens. In conclusion, absolute values and percent changes of quantitative DCE-MRI parameters provide better early prediction and evaluation of the pathological response of soft tissue sarcoma to preoperative chemoradiotherapy than the conventional measurement of imaging tumor size change.
28066805	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28066805	14	33	Soft Tissue Sarcoma	T191	C0039101
28066805	34	42	Response	T033	C1704632
28066805	46	58	Preoperative	T079	C0445204
28066805	59	76	Chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28066805	83	135	Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C1831914
28066805	141	146	study	T062	C2603343
28066805	155	161	assess	T058	C0184514
28066805	166	173	utility	T169	C0457083
28066805	177	254	quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	T060	C1831914
28066805	255	265	parameters	T077	C0549193
28066805	269	279	comparison	T052	C1707455
28066805	285	292	imaging	T060	C0011923
28066805	293	303	tumor size	T082	C0475440
28066805	308	324	early prediction	T078	C0681842
28066805	329	339	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28066805	343	371	soft tissue sarcoma response	T040	C1817727
28066805	375	387	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28066805	388	405	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28066805	420	428	patients	T101	C0030705
28066805	462	482	soft tissue sarcomas	T191	C0039101
28066805	501	514	phase I trial	T062	C0920321
28066805	515	522	regimen	T061	C0040808
28066805	526	535	sorafenib	T109,T121	C1516119
28066805	538	555	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28066805	567	589	chemoradiotherapy only	T061	C0436307
28066805	614	621	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
28066805	625	633	baseline	T081	C1442488
28066805	643	648	weeks	T079	C0439230
28066805	652	661	treatment	T061	C0087111
28066805	667	676	sorafenib	T109,T121	C1516119
28066805	690	714	first chemotherapy cycle	T061	C1302181
28066805	726	733	therapy	T061	C0087111
28066805	734	744	completion	T080	C0205197
28066805	746	749	MRI	T060	C0024485
28066805	750	760	tumor size	T082	C0475440
28066805	768	784	longest diameter	T081	C0552406
28066805	786	788	LD	T081	C0552406
28066805	794	802	measured	T080	C0444706
28066805	820	826	RECIST	T170	C1709926
28066805	828	872	Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors	T170	C1709926
28066805	874	884	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28066805	886	910	Pharmacokinetic analyses	T062	C0201734
28066805	914	921	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
28066805	922	926	data	T078	C1511726
28066805	932	941	performed	T169	C0884358
28066805	952	971	Shutter-Speed model	T170	C3161035
28066805	986	991	weeks	T079	C0439230
28066805	995	1004	treatment	T061	C0087111
28066805	1010	1019	sorafenib	T109,T121	C1516119
28066805	1031	1049	chemotherapy cycle	T061	C1302181
28066805	1051	1059	K(trans)	T081	C2825157
28066805	1061	1074	rate constant	T081	C2825157
28066805	1079	1085	plasma	T031	C0032105
28066805	1088	1100	interstitium	T023	C2328510
28066805	1101	1124	contrast agent transfer	T062	C2985649
28066805	1134	1148	percent change	T081	C3272907
28066805	1159	1175	early predictors	T078	C2698872
28066805	1205	1226	pathological response	T033	C4050242
28066805	1232	1282	univariate logistic regression C statistics values	UnknownType	C0681925
28066805	1323	1329	RECIST	T170	C1709926
28066805	1330	1332	LD	T081	C0552406
28066805	1333	1347	percent change	T081	C3272907
28066805	1359	1373	fair predictor	T078	C2698872
28066805	1386	1398	Post-therapy	T079	C1882428
28066805	1399	1407	K(trans)	T081	C2825157
28066805	1409	1411	ve	T081	C0560268
28066805	1413	1426	extravascular	T026	C0243092
28066805	1431	1444	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28066805	1445	1460	volume fraction	T081	C0560268
28066805	1467	1470	kep	T081	C2986811
28066805	1472	1499	intravasation rate constant	T081	C2986811
28066805	1506	1512	RECIST	T170	C1709926
28066805	1513	1515	LD	T081	C0552406
28066805	1522	1531	excellent	T080	C1961136
28066805	1554	1570	therapy response	T169	C1514305
28066805	1580	1587	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
28066805	1588	1598	parameters	T077	C0549193
28066805	1599	1605	before	T079	C0332152
28066805	1607	1613	during	T079	C0347984
28066805	1619	1624	after	T079	C1548614
28066805	1625	1632	therapy	T061	C0087111
28066805	1662	1674	correlations	T081	C0010100
28066805	1680	1696	percent necrosis	T033	C1334928
28066805	1700	1708	resected	T080	C1521996
28066805	1709	1714	tumor	T191	C0027651
28066805	1715	1724	specimens	T167	C0370003
28066805	1741	1749	absolute	T080	C0205344
28066805	1750	1756	values	T080	C0042295
28066805	1761	1776	percent changes	T081	C3272907
28066805	1780	1792	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28066805	1793	1800	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
28066805	1801	1811	parameters	T077	C0549193
28066805	1820	1826	better	T033	C4036142
28066805	1827	1843	early prediction	T078	C0681842
28066805	1848	1858	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28066805	1866	1887	pathological response	T033	C4050242
28066805	1891	1910	soft tissue sarcoma	T191	C0039101
28066805	1914	1926	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28066805	1927	1944	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28066805	1954	1978	conventional measurement	T080	C0444706
28066805	1982	1989	imaging	T060	C0011923
28066805	1990	1995	tumor	T191	C0027651
28066805	1996	2007	size change	T081	C0541591

28067006|t|Addressing reverse inference in psychiatric neuroimaging: Meta-analyses of task -related brain activation in common mental disorders
28067006|a|Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in psychiatry use various tasks to identify case-control differences in the patterns of task -related brain activation. Differently activated regions are often ascribed disorder -specific functions in an attempt to link disease expression and brain function. We undertook a systematic meta-analysis of data from task - fMRI studies to examine the effect of diagnosis and study design on the spatial distribution and direction of case-control differences on brain activation. We mapped to atlas regions coordinates of case-control differences derived from 537 task - fMRI studies in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and obsessive compulsive disorder comprising observations derived from 21,427 participants. The fMRI tasks were classified according to the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). We investigated whether diagnosis, RDoC domain or construct and use of regions-of-interest or whole-brain analyses influenced the neuroanatomical pattern of results. When considering all primary studies, we found an effect of diagnosis for the amygdala and caudate nucleus and an effect of RDoC domains and constructs for the amygdala, hippocampus, putamen and nucleus accumbens. In contrast, whole-brain studies did not identify any significant effect of diagnosis or RDoC domain or construct. These results resonate with prior reports of common brain structural and genetic underpinnings across these disorders and caution against attributing undue specificity to brain functional changes when forming explanatory models of psychiatric disorders. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1846-1864, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
28067006	11	18	reverse	T169	C1555029
28067006	32	43	psychiatric	T048	C0004936
28067006	44	56	neuroimaging	T060	C0679575
28067006	58	71	Meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28067006	75	79	task	T169	C1317878
28067006	89	94	brain	T023	C0006104
28067006	95	105	activation	T052	C1879547
28067006	116	132	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
28067006	133	170	Functional magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0376335
28067006	171	185	(fMRI) studies	T060	C0376335
28067006	189	199	psychiatry	T048	C0004936
28067006	212	217	tasks	T169	C1317878
28067006	230	242	case-control	T058	C0872128
28067006	274	278	task	T169	C1317878
28067006	288	293	brain	T023	C0006104
28067006	294	304	activation	T052	C1879547
28067006	318	327	activated	T052	C1879547
28067006	355	363	disorder	T047	C0012634
28067006	406	413	disease	T047	C0012634
28067006	429	443	brain function	T042	C0678908
28067006	460	484	systematic meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28067006	498	502	task	T169	C1317878
28067006	505	517	fMRI studies	T060	C0376335
28067006	533	542	effect of	T080	C1704420
28067006	543	552	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28067006	557	569	study design	T062	C0035171
28067006	577	597	spatial distribution	T082	C0037775
28067006	615	627	case-control	T058	C0872128
28067006	643	648	brain	T023	C0006104
28067006	649	659	activation	T052	C1879547
28067006	703	715	case-control	T058	C0872128
28067006	745	749	task	T169	C1317878
28067006	752	764	fMRI studies	T060	C0376335
28067006	768	781	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28067006	783	799	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
28067006	801	826	major depressive disorder	T048	C1269683
28067006	828	845	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28067006	851	880	obsessive compulsive disorder	T048	C0028768
28067006	925	937	participants	T098	C0679646
28067006	943	953	fMRI tasks	T060	C0376335
28067006	987	1018	Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)	T062	C0242481
28067006	1023	1035	investigated	T169	C1292732
28067006	1044	1053	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28067006	1055	1066	RDoC domain	T062	C0242481
28067006	1091	1110	regions-of-interest	T082	C0807727
28067006	1114	1125	whole-brain	T023	C0006104
28067006	1126	1134	analyses	T062	C0936012
28067006	1150	1165	neuroanatomical	T091	C0027816
28067006	1166	1173	pattern	T082	C0449774
28067006	1215	1222	studies	T062	C0936012
28067006	1236	1245	effect of	T080	C1704420
28067006	1246	1255	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28067006	1264	1272	amygdala	T023	C0002708
28067006	1277	1292	caudate nucleus	T023	C0007461
28067006	1300	1309	effect of	T080	C1704420
28067006	1310	1322	RDoC domains	T062	C0242481
28067006	1346	1354	amygdala	T023	C0002708
28067006	1356	1367	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28067006	1369	1376	putamen	T023	C0034169
28067006	1381	1398	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
28067006	1413	1424	whole-brain	T023	C0006104
28067006	1425	1432	studies	T062	C0936012
28067006	1466	1475	effect of	T080	C1704420
28067006	1476	1485	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28067006	1489	1500	RDoC domain	T062	C0242481
28067006	1567	1583	brain structural	T023	C0006104
28067006	1588	1595	genetic	T169	C0314603
28067006	1623	1632	disorders	T047	C0012634
28067006	1686	1702	brain functional	T042	C0678908
28067006	1724	1742	explanatory models	T075	C0026336
28067006	1746	1767	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936

28067119|t|Efficacy and safety of " unboosting " atazanavir in a randomized controlled trial among HIV-infected patients receiving tenofovir DF
28067119|a|To assess safety and efficacy of a switch to unboosted atazanavir (ATV) among HIV-infected adults receiving ATV / ritonavir (r) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). HIV-infected adults with viral load (VL) <40 copies/mL at screening and <150 copies/mL consistently for ≥3 months while receiving a regimen including ATV /r and TDF were randomized to continue ATV / r 300/100 mg daily (control) or change to ATV 400 mg daily (switch), while maintaining their TDF backbone. The primary outcome was proportion of subjects without treatment failure (regimen switch or VL > 200 copies/mL twice consecutively) at 48 weeks. Fifty participants (46 male, median age 47 years) were randomized, 25 to each arm. At week 48, treatment success occurred in 76% in the control arm and 92% in the switch arm (ITT, p = 0.25). ATV trough levels at week 9 were higher in controls (median 438 ng/mL) than in the switch arm (median 124 ng/mL) (p = 0.003), as was total bilirubin at week 48 (median 38 μmol/L and 28 μmol/L, respectively; p = 0.02). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreased in the control arm (p = 0.007), but did not change in the switch arm. At week 48, eGFR was higher in the switch arm (median 96 mL/min) than in the control arm (median 85 mL/min) (p = 0.035), but the arms were similar with respect to fasting glucose, C-reactive protein, and lipid parameters. Switching from ATV / r to unboosted ATV appears to be safe and effective in selected virologically suppressed patients receiving TDF -containing regimens, and may have favorable effects on bilirubin and renal function.
28067119	0	8	Efficacy	T062	C1707887
28067119	13	19	safety	T062	C1705187
28067119	25	35	unboosting	T169	C0205245
28067119	38	48	atazanavir	T109,T121	C1145759
28067119	54	81	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28067119	88	100	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28067119	101	109	patients	T101	C0030705
28067119	110	119	receiving	T080	C1514756
28067119	120	132	tenofovir DF	T114,T121	C1099776
28067119	136	142	assess	T052	C1516048
28067119	143	149	safety	T068	C0036043
28067119	154	162	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28067119	168	174	switch	T169	C0392747
28067119	178	187	unboosted	T169	C0205245
28067119	188	198	atazanavir	T109,T121	C1145759
28067119	200	203	ATV	T109,T121	C1145759
28067119	211	223	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28067119	224	230	adults	T100	C0001675
28067119	231	240	receiving	T080	C1514756
28067119	241	244	ATV	T109,T121	C1145759
28067119	247	256	ritonavir	T109,T121	C0292818
28067119	258	259	r	T109,T121	C0292818
28067119	265	294	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28067119	296	299	TDF	T114,T121	C1099776
28067119	302	314	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28067119	315	321	adults	T100	C0001675
28067119	327	337	viral load	T059	C1168369
28067119	339	341	VL	T059	C1168369
28067119	360	369	screening	T058	C0220908
28067119	409	415	months	T079	C0439231
28067119	422	431	receiving	T080	C1514756
28067119	434	441	regimen	T061	C0040808
28067119	452	455	ATV	T109,T121	C1145759
28067119	463	466	TDF	T114,T121	C1099776
28067119	472	482	randomized	T062	C0034656
28067119	495	498	ATV	T109,T121	C1145759
28067119	501	502	r	T109,T121	C0292818
28067119	514	519	daily	T079	C0332173
28067119	543	546	ATV	T109,T121	C1145759
28067119	554	559	daily	T079	C0332173
28067119	561	567	switch	T169	C0392747
28067119	594	597	TDF	T114,T121	C1099776
28067119	612	627	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28067119	632	642	proportion	T081	C1709707
28067119	646	654	subjects	T098	C0080105
28067119	655	662	without	T080	C0332288
28067119	663	680	treatment failure	T033	C0162643
28067119	682	689	regimen	T061	C0040808
28067119	690	696	switch	T169	C0392747
28067119	725	738	consecutively	T080	C1707491
28067119	746	751	weeks	T079	C0439230
28067119	759	771	participants	T098	C0679646
28067119	776	780	male	T032	C0086582
28067119	782	792	median age	T079	C0026062
28067119	796	801	years	T079	C0439234
28067119	808	818	randomized	T062	C0034656
28067119	826	834	each arm	T078	C0441833
28067119	839	843	week	T079	C0439230
28067119	848	865	treatment success	T080	C0679864
28067119	866	874	occurred	T052	C1709305
28067119	889	900	control arm	T096	C0009932
28067119	916	926	switch arm	T078	C0441833
28067119	944	947	ATV	T109,T121	C1145759
28067119	955	961	levels	T080	C0441889
28067119	965	969	week	T079	C0439230
28067119	977	983	higher	T080	C0205250
28067119	987	995	controls	T096	C0009932
28067119	997	1003	median	T082	C0549183
28067119	1027	1037	switch arm	T078	C0441833
28067119	1039	1045	median	T082	C0549183
28067119	1083	1092	bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28067119	1096	1100	week	T079	C0439230
28067119	1105	1111	median	T082	C0549183
28067119	1162	1198	Estimated glomerular filtration rate	T059	C3811844
28067119	1200	1204	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28067119	1206	1215	decreased	T081	C0205216
28067119	1223	1234	control arm	T096	C0009932
28067119	1256	1266	not change	T033	C0442739
28067119	1274	1284	switch arm	T078	C0441833
28067119	1289	1293	week	T079	C0439230
28067119	1298	1302	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28067119	1307	1313	higher	T080	C0205250
28067119	1321	1331	switch arm	T078	C0441833
28067119	1333	1339	median	T082	C0549183
28067119	1363	1374	control arm	T096	C0009932
28067119	1376	1382	median	T082	C0549183
28067119	1415	1419	arms	T078	C0441833
28067119	1449	1464	fasting glucose	T059	C0202045
28067119	1466	1484	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
28067119	1490	1495	lipid	T109	C0023779
28067119	1496	1506	parameters	T077	C0549193
28067119	1508	1517	Switching	T169	C0392747
28067119	1523	1526	ATV	T109,T121	C1145759
28067119	1529	1530	r	T109,T121	C0292818
28067119	1534	1543	unboosted	T169	C0205245
28067119	1544	1547	ATV	T109,T121	C1145759
28067119	1548	1555	appears	T080	C0700364
28067119	1562	1566	safe	T068	C0036043
28067119	1571	1580	effective	T080	C1704419
28067119	1593	1606	virologically	T169	C0205466
28067119	1607	1617	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28067119	1618	1626	patients	T101	C0030705
28067119	1627	1636	receiving	T080	C1514756
28067119	1637	1640	TDF	T114,T121	C1099776
28067119	1653	1661	regimens	T061	C0040808
28067119	1686	1693	effects	T080	C1280500
28067119	1697	1706	bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28067119	1711	1725	renal function	T042	C0232804

28067647|t|Decomposition of xenobiotics during visible light irradiation in the presence of immobilised photosensitisers: kinetics study
28067647|a|The objective of this work was to study the photosensitised oxidation of the xenobiotics benzylparaben (BeP) and 2,4dichlorophenol (2,4DCP) in aqueous solutions using photosensitisers immobilised into chitosan carrier particles and visible light radiation. Zn(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate tetrasodium salt and Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid were used as photosensitisers. The major role of the singlet oxygen during photodegradation was proven by using scavengers of reactive oxygen species. The influence of initial xenobiotic concentration and temperature on degradation rate was examined. The investigations were focused on kinetics (Langmuir-Hinshelwood model) as well as activation energy determination. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms of BeP and 2,4DCP into chitosan carrier were determined using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model.
28067647	0	13	Decomposition	T169	C0243125
28067647	17	28	xenobiotics	T123,T131	C0043335
28067647	36	49	visible light	T070	C0242377
28067647	50	61	irradiation	T070	C1282930
28067647	81	109	immobilised photosensitisers	T121	C0162713
28067647	111	119	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28067647	120	125	study	T062	C2603343
28067647	160	165	study	T062	C2603343
28067647	170	195	photosensitised oxidation	T044	C0030011
28067647	203	214	xenobiotics	T123,T131	C0043335
28067647	215	228	benzylparaben	T109,T121	C0053323
28067647	230	233	BeP	T109,T121	C0053323
28067647	239	256	2,4dichlorophenol	T109	C0045488
28067647	258	264	2,4DCP	T109	C0045488
28067647	269	276	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28067647	277	286	solutions	T167	C0037633
28067647	293	309	photosensitisers	T121	C0162713
28067647	310	321	immobilised	T169	C0205245
28067647	327	335	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28067647	336	353	carrier particles	T073	C3888060
28067647	358	371	visible light	T070	C0242377
28067647	372	381	radiation	T070	C0851346
28067647	383	436	Zn(II) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate tetrasodium salt	T109	C0029224
28067647	441	491	Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid	T109	C0029224
28067647	505	521	photosensitisers	T121	C0162713
28067647	545	559	singlet oxygen	T123,T196	C0074565
28067647	567	583	photodegradation	T070	C2350825
28067647	604	614	scavengers	T120	C0079381
28067647	618	641	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28067647	647	656	influence	T077	C4054723
28067647	668	678	xenobiotic	T123,T131	C0043335
28067647	679	692	concentration	T081	C1264643
28067647	697	708	temperature	T081	C0039476
28067647	712	723	degradation	T169	C0243125
28067647	724	728	rate	T081	C1521828
28067647	778	786	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28067647	788	814	Langmuir-Hinshelwood model	T075	C0026336
28067647	827	844	activation energy	T081	C0392762
28067647	845	858	determination	T059	C1148554
28067647	874	894	adsorption isotherms	T033	C0243095
28067647	898	901	BeP	T109,T121	C0053323
28067647	906	912	2,4DCP	T109	C0045488
28067647	918	926	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28067647	927	934	carrier	T073	C3888060
28067647	961	989	Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model	T075	C0026336

28067693|t|Intraoperative ketamine reduces immediate postoperative opioid consumption after spinal fusion surgery in chronic pain patients with opioid dependency: a randomized, blinded trial
28067693|a|Perioperative handling of surgical patients with opioid dependency represents an important clinical problem. Animal studies suggest that ketamine attenuates central sensitization and hyperalgesia and thereby reduces postoperative opioid tolerance. We hypothesized that intraoperative ketamine would reduce immediate postoperative opioid consumption compared with placebo in chronic pain patients with opioid dependency undergoing lumbar spinal fusion surgery. Primary outcome was morphine consumption 0 to 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary outcomes were acute pain at rest and during mobilization 2 to 24 hours postoperatively (visual analogue scale), adverse events, and persistent pain 6 months postoperatively. One hundred fifty patients were randomly assigned to intraoperative S-ketamine bolus 0.5 mg/kg and infusion 0.25 mg·kg·h or placebo. Postoperatively, patients received their usual opioids, paracetamol and IV patient-controlled analgesia with morphine. In the final analyses, 147 patients were included. Patient-controlled analgesia IV morphine consumption 0 to 24 hours postoperatively was significantly reduced in the ketamine group compared with the placebo group: 79 (47) vs 121 (53) mg IV, mean difference 42 mg (95% confidence interval -59 to -25), P < 0.001. Sedation was significantly reduced in the ketamine group 6 and 24 hours postoperatively. There were no significant differences regarding acute pain, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, or nightmares. Back pain at 6 months postoperatively compared with preoperative pain was significantly more improved in the ketamine group compared with the placebo group, P = 0.005. In conclusion, intraoperative ketamine significantly reduced morphine consumption 0 to 24 hours after lumbar fusion surgery in opioid - dependent patients. The trend regarding less persistent pain 6 months postoperatively needs further investigation.
28067693	0	14	Intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28067693	15	23	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
28067693	24	31	reduces	T080	C0392756
28067693	32	41	immediate	T079	C0205253
28067693	42	55	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28067693	56	62	opioid	T109,T121	C0002772
28067693	63	74	consumption	T169	C1512806
28067693	81	102	spinal fusion surgery	T061	C0919636
28067693	106	118	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28067693	119	127	patients	T101	C0030705
28067693	133	139	opioid	T109,T121	C0002772
28067693	140	150	dependency	T080	C0851827
28067693	154	164	randomized	T062	C0034656
28067693	166	179	blinded trial	T062	C2347038
28067693	180	193	Perioperative	T079	C1518988
28067693	194	202	handling	T033	C1832073
28067693	206	223	surgical patients	T101	C0871463
28067693	229	235	opioid	T109,T121	C0002772
28067693	236	246	dependency	T080	C0851827
28067693	261	270	important	T080	C3898777
28067693	271	279	clinical	T080	C0205210
28067693	280	287	problem	T033	C0033213
28067693	289	303	Animal studies	T008	C0683949
28067693	317	325	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
28067693	326	336	attenuates	T052	C0599946
28067693	337	358	central sensitization	T047	C2938905
28067693	363	375	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28067693	388	395	reduces	T080	C0392756
28067693	396	409	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28067693	410	416	opioid	T109,T121	C0002772
28067693	410	426	opioid tolerance	UnknownType	C0240601
28067693	431	443	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28067693	449	463	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28067693	464	472	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
28067693	479	485	reduce	T080	C0392756
28067693	486	495	immediate	T079	C0205253
28067693	496	509	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28067693	510	516	opioid	T109,T121	C0002772
28067693	517	528	consumption	T169	C1512806
28067693	543	550	placebo	T122	C1696465
28067693	554	566	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28067693	567	575	patients	T101	C0030705
28067693	581	587	opioid	T109,T121	C0002772
28067693	588	598	dependency	T080	C0851827
28067693	610	638	lumbar spinal fusion surgery	T061	C0186045
28067693	640	655	Primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28067693	660	668	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28067693	669	680	consumption	T169	C1512806
28067693	681	694	0 to 24 hours	T079	C0439585
28067693	695	710	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28067693	712	730	Secondary outcomes	T080	C3274440
28067693	736	754	acute pain at rest	T184	C0234253
28067693	766	778	mobilization	T061	C0185112
28067693	779	792	2 to 24 hours	T079	C0439585
28067693	793	808	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28067693	810	831	visual analogue scale	T060	C3536884
28067693	834	848	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28067693	854	864	persistent	T079	C0205322
28067693	865	869	pain	T184	C0030193
28067693	879	894	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28067693	914	922	patients	T101	C0030705
28067693	928	945	randomly assigned	T062	C0034656
28067693	949	963	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28067693	964	974	S-ketamine	T109,T121	C2825616
28067693	975	1003	bolus 0.5 mg/kg and infusion	T061	C1511237
28067693	1020	1027	placebo	T122	C1696465
28067693	1029	1044	Postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28067693	1046	1054	patients	T101	C0030705
28067693	1076	1083	opioids	T109,T121	C0002772
28067693	1085	1096	paracetamol	T109,T121	C0000970
28067693	1104	1132	patient-controlled analgesia	T061	C0078944
28067693	1138	1146	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28067693	1155	1169	final analyses	T170	C3899115
28067693	1175	1183	patients	T101	C0030705
28067693	1199	1227	Patient-controlled analgesia	T061	C0078944
28067693	1231	1239	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28067693	1240	1251	consumption	T169	C1512806
28067693	1266	1281	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28067693	1286	1299	significantly	T078	C0750502
28067693	1300	1307	reduced	T080	C0392756
28067693	1315	1323	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
28067693	1348	1355	placebo	T122	C1696465
28067693	1390	1394	mean	T081	C0444504
28067693	1395	1405	difference	T080	C1705242
28067693	1417	1436	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28067693	1461	1469	Sedation	T033	C0235195
28067693	1474	1487	significantly	T078	C0750502
28067693	1488	1495	reduced	T080	C0392756
28067693	1503	1511	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
28067693	1533	1548	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28067693	1561	1587	no significant differences	T033	C3842396
28067693	1598	1608	acute pain	T184	C0184567
28067693	1610	1616	nausea	T184	C0027497
28067693	1618	1626	vomiting	T184	C0042963
28067693	1628	1642	hallucinations	T048	C0018524
28067693	1647	1657	nightmares	T184	C0028084
28067693	1659	1668	Back pain	T184	C0004604
28067693	1681	1696	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28067693	1711	1723	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28067693	1724	1728	pain	T184	C0030193
28067693	1733	1746	significantly	T078	C0750502
28067693	1752	1760	improved	T033	C0184511
28067693	1768	1776	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
28067693	1801	1808	placebo	T122	C1696465
28067693	1842	1856	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28067693	1857	1865	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
28067693	1866	1879	significantly	T078	C0750502
28067693	1880	1887	reduced	T080	C0392756
28067693	1888	1896	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28067693	1897	1908	consumption	T169	C1512806
28067693	1909	1922	0 to 24 hours	T079	C0439585
28067693	1929	1950	lumbar fusion surgery	T061	C0186045
28067693	1954	1960	opioid	T109,T121	C0002772
28067693	1963	1972	dependent	T080	C0851827
28067693	1973	1981	patients	T101	C0030705
28067693	1987	1992	trend	T079	C1521798
28067693	2008	2018	persistent	T079	C0205322
28067693	2019	2023	pain	T184	C0030193
28067693	2033	2048	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28067693	2055	2062	further	T082	C1517331
28067693	2063	2076	investigation	T169	C1292732

28067703|t|Anesthesia for Ambulatory Pediatric Surgery in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Pilot Study in Burkina Faso
28067703|a|Long surgical wait times and limited hospital capacity are common obstacles to surgical care in many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Introducing ambulatory surgery might contribute to a solution to these problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of introducing ambulatory surgery into a pediatric hospital in SSA. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that took place over 6 months. It includes all patients assigned to undergo ambulatory surgery in the Pediatric University Hospital in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Eligibility criteria for the ambulatory surgery program included >1 year of age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 1 status, surgery with a low risk of bleeding, lasting <90 minutes, and with an expectation of mild to moderate postoperative pain. The family had to live within 1 hour of the hospital and be available by telephone. During the study period, a total of 1250 patients underwent surgery, of whom 515 were elective cases; 115 of these met the criteria for ambulatory surgery; 103 patients, with an average age of 59.74 ± 41.57 months, actually underwent surgery. The principal indications for surgery were inguinal (62) and umbilical (47) hernias. All patients had general anesthesia with halothane. Sixty-five percent also received regional or local anesthesia consisting of caudal block in 79.23% or nerve block in 20.77%. The average duration of surgery was 33 ± 17.47 minutes. No intraoperative complications were noted. All the patients received acetaminophen and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug in the recovery room. Twelve (11.7%) patients had complications in recovery, principally nausea and vomiting. Eight (7.8%) patients were admitted to the hospital. No serious complications were associated with ambulatory surgery. Its introduction could possibly be a solution to improving pediatric surgical access in low-income countries.
28067703	0	10	Anesthesia	T121	C4049933
28067703	15	43	Ambulatory Pediatric Surgery	T061	C0002428
28067703	47	65	Sub-Saharan Africa	T083	C0001738
28067703	69	80	Pilot Study	T062	C0031928
28067703	84	96	Burkina Faso	T083	C0006409
28067703	97	121	Long surgical wait times	T079	C3494201
28067703	126	151	limited hospital capacity	T081	C0019954
28067703	163	172	obstacles	T080	C0679881
28067703	176	189	surgical care	T058	C0520254
28067703	198	207	countries	T083	C0454664
28067703	211	229	Sub-Saharan Africa	T083	C0001738
28067703	231	234	SSA	T083	C0001738
28067703	249	267	ambulatory surgery	T061	C0002428
28067703	402	420	ambulatory surgery	T061	C0002428
28067703	428	446	pediatric hospital	T093	C0020017
28067703	450	453	SSA	T083	C0001738
28067703	465	498	cross-sectional descriptive study	T062	C0010362
28067703	546	554	patients	T101	C0030705
28067703	575	593	ambulatory surgery	T061	C0002428
28067703	601	630	Pediatric University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28067703	634	659	Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso	T083	C0006409
28067703	661	681	Eligibility criteria	T080	C1516637
28067703	690	708	ambulatory surgery	T061	C0002428
28067703	742	794	American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 1 status	T033	C1531504
28067703	811	831	low risk of bleeding	T033	C3251812
28067703	889	916	moderate postoperative pain	T184	C0030201
28067703	962	970	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28067703	978	1000	available by telephone	T058	C0302186
28067703	1043	1069	patients underwent surgery	T101	C0871463
28067703	1117	1133	met the criteria	T033	C3897171
28067703	1138	1156	ambulatory surgery	T061	C0002428
28067703	1162	1170	patients	T101	C0030705
28067703	1226	1243	underwent surgery	T091	C0038894
28067703	1275	1282	surgery	T091	C0038894
28067703	1288	1296	inguinal	T190	C0019294
28067703	1306	1328	umbilical (47) hernias	T047	C0019322
28067703	1347	1365	general anesthesia	T061	C0002915
28067703	1371	1380	halothane	T109,T121	C0018549
28067703	1415	1423	regional	T061	C0002911
28067703	1427	1443	local anesthesia	T061	C0002921
28067703	1458	1470	caudal block	T061	C0002909
28067703	1484	1495	nerve block	T061	C0027741
28067703	1519	1538	duration of surgery	T079	C3494201
28067703	1563	1594	No intraoperative complications	T046	C0021890
28067703	1615	1623	patients	T101	C0030705
28067703	1633	1646	acetaminophen	T109,T121	C0000970
28067703	1653	1688	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug	T121	C0003211
28067703	1696	1709	recovery room	T061	C2169681
28067703	1778	1784	nausea	T184	C0027497
28067703	1789	1797	vomiting	T184	C0042963
28067703	1852	1876	No serious complications	T033	C4032686
28067703	1898	1916	ambulatory surgery	T061	C0002428
28067703	1977	2002	pediatric surgical access	T093	C0587692
28067703	2006	2026	low-income countries	T098	C0024045

28068437|t|Association Between Early Lactate Levels and 30- Day Mortality in Clinically Suspected Sepsis in Children
28068437|a|Improving emergency care of pediatric sepsis is a public health priority, but optimal early diagnostic approaches are unclear. Measurement of lactate levels is associated with improved outcomes in adult septic shock, but pediatric guidelines do not endorse its use, in part because the association between early lactate levels and mortality is unknown in pediatric sepsis. To determine whether the initial serum lactate level is associated with 30- day mortality in children with suspected sepsis. This observational cohort study of a clinical registry of pediatric patients with suspected sepsis in the emergency department of a tertiary children's hospital from April 1, 2012, to December 31, 2015, tested the hypothesis that a serum lactate level of greater than 36 mg/dL is associated with increased mortality compared with a serum lactate level of 36 mg/dL or less. Consecutive patients with sepsis were identified and included in the registry following consensus guidelines for clinical recognition (infection and decreased mental status or perfusion). Among 2520 registry visits, 1221 were excluded for transfer from another medical center, no measurement of lactate levels, and patients younger than 61 days or 18 years or older, leaving 1299 visits available for analysis. Lactate testing is prepopulated in the institutional sepsis order set but may be canceled at clinical discretion. Venous lactate leve l of greater than 36 mg/dL on the first measurement within the first 8 hours after arrival. Thirty- day in- hospital mortality was the primary outcome. Odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression to account for potential confounders. Of the 1299 patients included in the analysis (753 boys [58.0%] and 546 girls [42.0%]; mean [SD] age, 7.3 [5.3] years), 899 (69.2%) had chronic medical conditions and 367 (28.3%) had acute organ dysfunction. Thirty- day mortality occurred in 5 of 103 patients (4.8%) with lactate levels greater than 36 mg/dL and 20 of 1196 patients (1.7%) with lactate levels of 36 mg/dL or less. Initial lactate levels of greater than 36 mg/dL were significantly associated with 30- day mortality in unadjusted (odds ratio, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.10-8.17) and adjusted (odds ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.16- 9.16) analyses. The sensitivity of lactate levels greater than 36 mg/dL for 30- day mortality was 20.0% (95% CI, 8.9%-39.1%), and specificity was 92.3% (90.7%-93.7%). In children treated for sepsis in the emergency department, lactate levels greater than 36 mg/dL were associated with mortality but had a low sensitivity. Measurement of lactate levels may have utility in early risk stratification of pediatric sepsis.
28068437	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28068437	20	40	Early Lactate Levels	T034	C1304767
28068437	49	52	Day	T079	C0439228
28068437	53	62	Mortality	T081	C0008083
28068437	66	86	Clinically Suspected	T078	C0750491
28068437	87	93	Sepsis	T047	C0243026
28068437	97	105	Children	T100	C0008059
28068437	116	130	emergency care	T061	C1527398
28068437	134	143	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28068437	144	150	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28068437	156	162	public	T092	C0678367
28068437	163	178	health priority	T080	C0018736
28068437	198	219	diagnostic approaches	T060	C0430022
28068437	233	244	Measurement	T169	C0242485
28068437	248	262	lactate levels	T034	C1304767
28068437	266	281	associated with	T080	C0332281
28068437	291	299	outcomes	T062	C0086750
28068437	303	308	adult	T100	C0001675
28068437	309	321	septic shock	T046	C0036983
28068437	327	347	pediatric guidelines	T170	C0162791
28068437	392	403	association	T080	C0439849
28068437	412	432	early lactate levels	T034	C1304767
28068437	437	446	mortality	T081	C0008083
28068437	461	470	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28068437	471	477	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28068437	512	531	serum lactate level	T059	C0428446
28068437	535	550	associated with	T080	C0332281
28068437	555	558	day	T079	C0439228
28068437	559	568	mortality	T081	C0008083
28068437	572	580	children	T100	C0008059
28068437	586	595	suspected	T078	C0750491
28068437	596	602	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28068437	623	635	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28068437	641	658	clinical registry	T062	C0920631
28068437	662	671	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28068437	672	680	patients	T101	C0030705
28068437	686	695	suspected	T078	C0750491
28068437	696	702	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28068437	710	730	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28068437	736	764	tertiary children's hospital	T093	C0020017
28068437	770	775	April	T079	C3715024
28068437	788	796	December	T080	C3830550
28068437	818	828	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28068437	836	855	serum lactate level	T059	C0428446
28068437	884	899	associated with	T080	C0332281
28068437	900	909	increased	T081	C0205217
28068437	910	919	mortality	T081	C0008083
28068437	936	955	serum lactate level	T059	C0428446
28068437	977	997	Consecutive patients	T101	C0030705
28068437	1003	1009	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28068437	1015	1025	identified	T080	C0205396
28068437	1046	1054	registry	T062	C0920631
28068437	1065	1085	consensus guidelines	T170	C0162791
28068437	1090	1110	clinical recognition	T033	C0243095
28068437	1112	1121	infection	T046	C3714514
28068437	1126	1135	decreased	T081	C0205216
28068437	1136	1149	mental status	T033	C0278060
28068437	1153	1162	perfusion	T061	C0031001
28068437	1176	1184	registry	T062	C0920631
28068437	1185	1191	visits	T058	C1512346
28068437	1238	1252	medical center	T073,T093	C0565990
28068437	1257	1268	measurement	T169	C0242485
28068437	1272	1286	lactate levels	T034	C1304767
28068437	1292	1300	patients	T101	C0030705
28068437	1317	1321	days	T079	C0439228
28068437	1328	1333	years	T079	C0439234
28068437	1357	1363	visits	T058	C1512346
28068437	1378	1386	analysis	T062	C0936012
28068437	1388	1403	Lactate testing	T059	C0236291
28068437	1427	1457	institutional sepsis order set	T170	C3174415
28068437	1469	1477	canceled	T080	C0205544
28068437	1481	1500	clinical discretion	T080	C0205556
28068437	1502	1508	Venous	T082	C0348013
28068437	1509	1521	lactate leve	T034	C1304767
28068437	1562	1573	measurement	T169	C0242485
28068437	1605	1613	arrival.	T052	C1706079
28068437	1622	1625	day	T079	C0439228
28068437	1630	1648	hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28068437	1657	1672	primary outcome	T062	C0086750
28068437	1674	1685	Odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28068437	1708	1727	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28068437	1753	1764	confounders	T169	C0009673
28068437	1778	1786	patients	T101	C0030705
28068437	1803	1811	analysis	T062	C0936012
28068437	1817	1821	boys	T100	C0870221
28068437	1838	1843	girls	T098	C0043210
28068437	1863	1866	age	T032	C0001779
28068437	1878	1883	years	T079	C0439234
28068437	1902	1909	chronic	T079	C0205191
28068437	1910	1928	medical conditions	T033	C3843040
28068437	1949	1972	acute organ dysfunction	T047	C1719673
28068437	1982	1985	day	T079	C0439228
28068437	1986	1995	mortality	T081	C0008083
28068437	1996	2004	occurred	T052	C1709305
28068437	2017	2025	patients	T101	C0030705
28068437	2038	2052	lactate levels	T034	C1304767
28068437	2090	2098	patients	T101	C0030705
28068437	2111	2125	lactate levels	T034	C1304767
28068437	2147	2169	Initial lactate levels	T034	C1304767
28068437	2214	2229	associated with	T080	C0332281
28068437	2234	2237	day	T079	C0439228
28068437	2238	2247	mortality	T081	C0008083
28068437	2263	2273	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28068437	2285	2287	CI	T081	C0009667
28068437	2314	2324	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28068437	2336	2338	CI	T081	C0009667
28068437	2366	2377	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28068437	2381	2395	lactate levels	T034	C1304767
28068437	2426	2429	day	T079	C0439228
28068437	2430	2439	mortality	T081	C0008083
28068437	2455	2457	CI	T081	C0009667
28068437	2476	2487	specificity	T081	C0037791
28068437	2516	2524	children	T100	C0008059
28068437	2525	2532	treated	T169	C1522326
28068437	2537	2543	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28068437	2551	2571	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28068437	2573	2587	lactate levels	T034	C1304767
28068437	2615	2630	associated with	T080	C0332281
28068437	2631	2640	mortality	T081	C0008083
28068437	2655	2666	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28068437	2668	2679	Measurement	T169	C0242485
28068437	2683	2697	lactate levels	T034	C1304767
28068437	2724	2728	risk	T058	C0086930
28068437	2729	2743	stratification	T062	C1514983
28068437	2747	2756	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28068437	2757	2763	sepsis	T047	C0243026

28068639|t|Effects of argan oil on the mitochondrial function, antioxidant system and the activity of NADPH - generating enzymes in acrylamide treated rat brain
28068639|a|Argan oil (AO) is rich in minor compounds such as polyphenols and tocopherols which are powerful antioxidants. Acrylamide (ACR) has been classified as a neurotoxic agent in animals and humans. Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction is one of the most probable molecular mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases. Female Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to ACR (50mg/kg i.p. three times a week), AO (6ml/kg,o.p, per day) or together for 30days. The activities of cytosolic enzymes such as xanthine oxidase (XO), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), mitochondrial oxidative stress, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes, mitochondrial metabolic function, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were assessed in rat brain. Cytosolic and mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes were significantly diminished in the brains of rats treated with ACR compared to those in control. Besides, ACR treatment resulted in a significant reduction in brain ATP level, mitochondrial metabolic function, OXPHOS and TCA enzymes. Administration of AO restored both the cytosolic and mitochondrial oxidative stress by normalizing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) generating enzymes. In addition, improved mitochondrial function primarily enhancing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) generated enzymes activities and ATP level in the mitochondria. The reason for AO's obvious beneficial effects in this study may be due to synergistic effects of its different bioactive compounds which is especially effective on mitochondria. Modulation of the brain mitochondrial functions and antioxidant systems by AO may lead to the development of new mitochondria - targeted antioxidants in the future.
28068639	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28068639	11	20	argan oil	T109,T168	C2975054
28068639	28	50	mitochondrial function	T043	C0007613
28068639	52	70	antioxidant system	T022	C0460002
28068639	79	87	activity	T044	C0243102
28068639	91	96	NADPH	T114,T123	C0027303
28068639	99	109	generating	T052	C3146294
28068639	110	117	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28068639	121	131	acrylamide	T109,T131	C0050587
28068639	132	139	treated	T061	C0332293
28068639	140	143	rat	T015	C0034715
28068639	144	149	brain	T023	C0006104
28068639	150	159	Argan oil	T109,T168	C2975054
28068639	161	163	AO	T109,T168	C2975054
28068639	182	191	compounds	T103	C1706082
28068639	200	211	polyphenols	T109,T121	C0071649
28068639	216	227	tocopherols	T109,T121,T127	C0087096
28068639	247	259	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
28068639	261	271	Acrylamide	T109,T131	C0050587
28068639	273	276	ACR	T109,T131	C0050587
28068639	287	297	classified	T185	C0008902
28068639	303	319	neurotoxic agent	T131	C0260049
28068639	323	330	animals	T008	C0003062
28068639	335	341	humans	T016	C0086418
28068639	343	356	Mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28068639	357	373	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28068639	378	389	dysfunction	T033	C4021734
28068639	409	417	probable	T081	C0033204
28068639	418	438	molecular mechanisms	T044	C0678659
28068639	442	468	neurodegenerative diseases	T047	C0524851
28068639	470	476	Female	T032	C0086287
28068639	477	496	Sprague Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
28068639	502	512	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28068639	513	516	ACR	T109,T131	C0050587
28068639	552	554	AO	T109,T168	C2975054
28068639	605	615	activities	T052	C0441655
28068639	619	628	cytosolic	T026	C1820051
28068639	629	636	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28068639	645	661	xanthine oxidase	T116,T126	C0043317
28068639	663	665	XO	T116,T126	C0043317
28068639	668	701	glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0017757
28068639	703	708	G6PDH	T116,T126	C0017757
28068639	711	736	glutathione-S-transferase	T116,T126	C0017837
28068639	738	741	GST	T116,T126	C0017837
28068639	744	757	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28068639	758	774	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28068639	776	801	oxidative phosphorylation	T044	C0030013
28068639	803	809	OXPHOS	T044	C0030013
28068639	815	839	tricarboxylic acid cycle	T044	C0008858
28068639	841	844	TCA	T044	C0008858
28068639	846	853	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28068639	855	868	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28068639	869	887	metabolic function	T040	C0025519
28068639	889	911	adenosine triphosphate	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28068639	913	916	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28068639	918	923	level	T080	C0441889
28068639	928	964	acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity	T044	C1149827
28068639	970	978	assessed	T052	C1516048
28068639	982	985	rat	T015	C0034715
28068639	986	991	brain	T023	C0006104
28068639	993	1002	Cytosolic	T026	C1820051
28068639	1007	1020	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28068639	1021	1040	antioxidant enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28068639	1046	1059	significantly	T078	C0750502
28068639	1060	1070	diminished	T081	C0205216
28068639	1078	1084	brains	T023	C0006104
28068639	1088	1092	rats	T015	C0034715
28068639	1093	1105	treated with	T061	C0332293
28068639	1106	1109	ACR	T109,T131	C0050587
28068639	1110	1118	compared	T052	C1707455
28068639	1131	1138	control	T096	C0009932
28068639	1149	1152	ACR	T109,T131	C0050587
28068639	1153	1162	treatment	T061	C0087111
28068639	1163	1171	resulted	T169	C1274040
28068639	1177	1188	significant	T078	C0750502
28068639	1189	1198	reduction	T080	C0392756
28068639	1202	1207	brain	T023	C0006104
28068639	1208	1211	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28068639	1212	1217	level	T080	C0441889
28068639	1219	1232	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28068639	1233	1251	metabolic function	T040	C0025519
28068639	1253	1259	OXPHOS	T044	C0030013
28068639	1264	1267	TCA	T044	C0008858
28068639	1268	1275	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28068639	1277	1291	Administration	T061	C1533734
28068639	1295	1297	AO	T109,T168	C2975054
28068639	1316	1325	cytosolic	T026	C1820051
28068639	1330	1343	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28068639	1344	1360	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28068639	1364	1375	normalizing	T062	C1882115
28068639	1376	1419	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate	T114,T123	C0027303
28068639	1421	1426	NADPH	T114,T123	C0027303
28068639	1428	1438	generating	T052	C3146294
28068639	1439	1446	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28068639	1461	1469	improved	T033	C0184511
28068639	1470	1492	mitochondrial function	T043	C0007613
28068639	1503	1512	enhancing	T052	C2349975
28068639	1513	1546	nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide	T114,T121,T123	C0027270
28068639	1548	1552	NADH	T114,T121,T123	C0027270
28068639	1554	1563	generated	T052	C3146294
28068639	1564	1582	enzymes activities	T044	C0243102
28068639	1587	1590	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28068639	1591	1596	level	T080	C0441889
28068639	1604	1616	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28068639	1622	1628	reason	T078	C0392360
28068639	1633	1637	AO's	T109,T168	C2975054
28068639	1646	1664	beneficial effects	UnknownType	C0683156
28068639	1673	1678	study	T062	C2603343
28068639	1693	1712	synergistic effects	UnknownType	C0683168
28068639	1720	1729	different	T080	C1705242
28068639	1730	1749	bioactive compounds	T167	C3714412
28068639	1770	1779	effective	T080	C1704419
28068639	1783	1795	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28068639	1797	1807	Modulation	T082	C0443264
28068639	1815	1820	brain	T023	C0006104
28068639	1821	1844	mitochondrial functions	T043	C0007613
28068639	1849	1868	antioxidant systems	T022	C0460002
28068639	1872	1874	AO	T109,T168	C2975054
28068639	1891	1902	development	T169	C1527148
28068639	1910	1922	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28068639	1925	1933	targeted	T043	C0599894
28068639	1934	1946	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
28068639	1954	1960	future	T079	C0016884

28068656|t|Mechanisms of Improved Exercise Performance under Hyperoxia
28068656|a|The impact of hyperoxia on exercise limitation is still incompletely understood. We investigated to which extent breathing hyperoxia enhances the exercise performance of healthy subjects and which physiologic mechanisms are involved. A total of 32 healthy volunteers (43 ± 15 years, 12 women) performed 4 bicycle exercise tests to exhaustion with ramp and constant-load protocols (at 75% of the maximal workload [Wmax] on FiO2 0.21) on separate occasions while breathing ambient (FiO2 0.21) or oxygen-enriched air (FiO2 0.50) in a random, blinded order. Workload, endurance, gas exchange, pulse oximetry (SpO2), and cerebral (CTO) and quadriceps muscle tissue oxygenation (QMTO) were measured. During the final 15 s of ramp exercising with FiO2 0.50, Wmax (mean ± SD 270 ± 80 W), SpO2 (99 ± 1%), and CTO (67 ± 9%) were higher and the Borg CR10 Scale dyspnea score was lower (4.8 ± 2.2) than the corresponding values with FiO2 0.21 (Wmax 257 ± 76 W, SpO2 96 ± 3%, CTO 61 ± 9%, and Borg CR10 Scale dyspnea score 5.7 ± 2.6, p < 0.05, all comparisons). In constant-load exercising with FiO2 0.50, endurance was longer than with FiO2 0.21 (16 min 22 s ± 7 min 39 s vs. 10 min 47 s ± 5 min 58 s). With FiO2 0.50, SpO2 (99 ± 0%) and QMTO (69 ± 8%) were higher than the corresponding isotime values to end-exercise with FiO2 0.21 (SpO2 96 ± 4%, QMTO 66 ± 9%), while minute ventilation was lower in hyperoxia (82 ± 18 vs. 93 ± 23 L/min, p < 0.05, all comparisons). In healthy subjects, hyperoxia increased maximal power output and endurance. It improved arterial, cerebral, and muscle tissue oxygenation, while minute ventilation and dyspnea perception were reduced. The findings suggest that hyperoxia enhanced cycling performance through a more efficient pulmonary gas exchange and a greater availability of oxygen to muscles and the brain (cerebral motor and sensory neurons).
28068656	0	10	Mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28068656	14	22	Improved	T033	C0184511
28068656	23	31	Exercise	T056	C0015259
28068656	32	43	Performance	T052	C1882330
28068656	50	59	Hyperoxia	T184	C0242706
28068656	64	70	impact	T080	C4049986
28068656	74	83	hyperoxia	T184	C0242706
28068656	87	95	exercise	T056	C0015259
28068656	96	106	limitation	T169	C0449295
28068656	144	156	investigated	T169	C1292732
28068656	173	182	breathing	T039	C0035203
28068656	183	192	hyperoxia	T184	C0242706
28068656	193	201	enhances	T033	C0184511
28068656	206	214	exercise	T056	C0015259
28068656	215	226	performance	T052	C1882330
28068656	230	246	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
28068656	257	268	physiologic	T169	C0205463
28068656	269	279	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28068656	308	326	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
28068656	336	341	years	T079	C0439234
28068656	346	351	women	T098	C0043210
28068656	365	372	bicycle	T073	C0005375
28068656	373	381	exercise	T056	C0015259
28068656	382	387	tests	T169	C0039593
28068656	391	401	exhaustion	T184	C0678687
28068656	407	411	ramp	T056	C0015259
28068656	416	439	constant-load protocols	T056	C0015259
28068656	455	471	maximal workload	T081	C0085122
28068656	473	477	Wmax	T081	C0085122
28068656	482	486	FiO2	T033	C0428167
28068656	531	538	ambient	T167	C0001861
28068656	540	544	FiO2	T033	C0428167
28068656	554	573	oxygen-enriched air	T167	C0001861
28068656	575	579	FiO2	T033	C0428167
28068656	614	622	Workload	T081	C0085122
28068656	624	633	endurance	T079	C0031808
28068656	635	647	gas exchange	T042	C0034071
28068656	649	663	pulse oximetry	T060	C0034108
28068656	665	669	SpO2	T060	C0034108
28068656	676	684	cerebral	T042	C0872293
28068656	686	689	CTO	T042	C0872293
28068656	695	731	quadriceps muscle tissue oxygenation	T042	C0872293
28068656	733	737	QMTO	T042	C0872293
28068656	774	775	s	T079	C0457385
28068656	779	794	ramp exercising	T056	C0015259
28068656	800	804	FiO2	T033	C0428167
28068656	811	815	Wmax	T081	C0085122
28068656	840	844	SpO2	T060	C0034108
28068656	860	863	CTO	T042	C0872293
28068656	894	923	Borg CR10 Scale dyspnea score	T081	C0449820
28068656	981	985	FiO2	T033	C0428167
28068656	992	996	Wmax	T081	C0085122
28068656	1009	1013	SpO2	T060	C0034108
28068656	1023	1026	CTO	T042	C0872293
28068656	1040	1069	Borg CR10 Scale dyspnea score	T081	C0449820
28068656	1112	1136	constant-load exercising	T056	C0015259
28068656	1142	1146	FiO2	T033	C0428167
28068656	1153	1162	endurance	T079	C0031808
28068656	1184	1188	FiO2	T033	C0428167
28068656	1198	1201	min	T079	C0439232
28068656	1205	1206	s	T079	C0457385
28068656	1211	1214	min	T079	C0439232
28068656	1218	1219	s	T079	C0457385
28068656	1227	1230	min	T079	C0439232
28068656	1234	1235	s	T079	C0457385
28068656	1240	1243	min	T079	C0439232
28068656	1247	1248	s	T079	C0457385
28068656	1256	1260	FiO2	T033	C0428167
28068656	1267	1271	SpO2	T060	C0034108
28068656	1286	1290	QMTO	T042	C0872293
28068656	1336	1350	isotime values	T080	C0042295
28068656	1354	1366	end-exercise	T056	C0015259
28068656	1372	1376	FiO2	T033	C0428167
28068656	1383	1387	SpO2	T060	C0034108
28068656	1397	1401	QMTO	T042	C0872293
28068656	1418	1436	minute ventilation	T033	C1301655
28068656	1450	1459	hyperoxia	T184	C0242706
28068656	1502	1513	comparisons	T052	C1707455
28068656	1519	1535	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
28068656	1537	1546	hyperoxia	T184	C0242706
28068656	1565	1577	power output	T070	C0445194
28068656	1582	1591	endurance	T079	C0031808
28068656	1605	1613	arterial	T023	C0003842
28068656	1615	1623	cerebral	T023	C0006104
28068656	1629	1635	muscle	T024	C0026845
28068656	1636	1654	tissue oxygenation	T042	C0872293
28068656	1662	1680	minute ventilation	T033	C1301655
28068656	1685	1703	dyspnea perception	T033	C0243095
28068656	1722	1730	findings	T033	C0243095
28068656	1744	1753	hyperoxia	T184	C0242706
28068656	1754	1762	enhanced	T033	C0184511
28068656	1763	1782	cycling performance	T052	C1882330
28068656	1808	1830	pulmonary gas exchange	T042	C0034071
28068656	1861	1867	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28068656	1871	1878	muscles	T024	C0026845
28068656	1887	1892	brain	T023	C0006104
28068656	1894	1908	cerebral motor	T029	C0026607
28068656	1913	1928	sensory neurons	T025	C0027883

28068871|t|Predilation technique with balloon angioplasty to facilitate percutaneous groin access of large size sheath through scar tissue
28068871|a|Purpose Percutaneous remote access for endovascular aortic repair is an advantageous alternative to open access. Previous surgery in the femoral region and the presence of synthetic vascular grafts in the femoral / iliac arteries represent major limitations to percutaneous remote access. The aim of this study was to evaluate an original technique used for enabling percutaneous remote access for thoracic or abdominal endovascular aortic repair in patients with scar tissue and/or a vascular graft in the groin. Methods Twenty-five consecutive patients with a thoracic (11/25; 44%) or an aortic aneurysm (14/25; 66%) and with a synthetic vascular graft in the groin (16/25; 64%) or a redo groin access (9/25; 36%) were managed through the percutaneous remote access. In all patients, a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon was used to predilate the scar tissue and the femoral artery or the synthetic vascular graft after preclosing (ProGlide®; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA). In 10 patients, requiring a 20 Fr sheath, a 6 mm percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon was used; and in the remaining 15, requiring a 24 Fr sheath, an 8 mm percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon. Preclosing was exclusively performed using ProGlide®. Mean follow-up was 15 months. Results In all cases, stent-graft deployment was successful. There was one surgical conversion (4%; 1/25) due to bleeding from a femoral anastomosis. Two cases required additional percutaneous maneuvers (postclosing with another system in one patient and endoluminal shielding with stent-graft in the other patient). No pseudoaneurysm or access complication occurred during the follow-up. Conclusions Percutaneous access in redo groins with scar tissue and/or synthetic vascular graft using ultrasound-guided punction, preclosing with ProGlide® system and predilation with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon to introduce large size sheath as used for endovascular aortic repair showed to be feasible, safe and with few local complications.
28068871	0	21	Predilation technique	T061	C1322279
28068871	27	46	balloon angioplasty	T061	C0002996
28068871	61	79	percutaneous groin	T029	C0018246
28068871	80	86	access	T082	C0444454
28068871	90	100	large size	T033	C0332509
28068871	101	107	sheath	T074	C0025080
28068871	116	127	scar tissue	T033	C0241158
28068871	136	162	Percutaneous remote access	T082	C0522523
28068871	167	193	endovascular aortic repair	T061	C0003506
28068871	233	239	access	T082	C0444454
28068871	250	257	surgery	T061	C0543467
28068871	265	279	femoral region	T029	C0230417
28068871	300	325	synthetic vascular grafts	T074	C0500213
28068871	333	340	femoral	T023	C0015801
28068871	343	357	iliac arteries	T023	C0020887
28068871	389	415	percutaneous remote access	T082	C0522523
28068871	467	476	technique	T169	C0449851
28068871	495	521	percutaneous remote access	T082	C0522523
28068871	526	534	thoracic	T061	C0521233
28068871	538	574	abdominal endovascular aortic repair	T061	C0918249
28068871	578	586	patients	T101	C0030705
28068871	592	603	scar tissue	T033	C0241158
28068871	613	627	vascular graft	T074	C0500213
28068871	635	640	groin	T029	C0018246
28068871	650	661	Twenty-five	T081	C3715062
28068871	662	673	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28068871	674	682	patients	T101	C0030705
28068871	690	698	thoracic	T047	C0162872
28068871	718	733	aortic aneurysm	T047	C0003486
28068871	758	782	synthetic vascular graft	T074	C0500213
28068871	790	795	groin	T029	C0018246
28068871	814	824	redo groin	T029	C0018246
28068871	825	831	access	T082	C0444454
28068871	869	895	percutaneous remote access	T082	C0522523
28068871	904	912	patients	T101	C0030705
28068871	916	961	percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon	T061	C0411287
28068871	974	983	predilate	T061	C1322279
28068871	988	999	scar tissue	T033	C0241158
28068871	1008	1022	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
28068871	1030	1054	synthetic vascular graft	T074	C0500213
28068871	1061	1071	preclosing	T061	C0411299
28068871	1073	1082	ProGlide®	T074	C0025080
28068871	1084	1099	Abbott Vascular	T093	C0331761
28068871	1101	1116	Santa Clara, CA	T083	C3828240
28068871	1118	1121	USA	T083	C0041703
28068871	1130	1138	patients	T101	C0030705
28068871	1158	1164	sheath	T074	C0025080
28068871	1173	1218	percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon	T061	C0411287
28068871	1272	1278	sheath	T074	C0025080
28068871	1288	1333	percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon	T061	C0411287
28068871	1335	1345	Preclosing	T061	C0411299
28068871	1378	1387	ProGlide®	T074	C0025080
28068871	1411	1417	months	T079	C0439231
28068871	1441	1463	stent-graft deployment	T061	C0522776
28068871	1494	1513	surgical conversion	T061	C3494226
28068871	1532	1540	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28068871	1548	1567	femoral anastomosis	T061	C0843288
28068871	1573	1578	cases	T169	C0868928
28068871	1599	1621	percutaneous maneuvers	T082	C0522523
28068871	1623	1634	postclosing	T061	C0411299
28068871	1662	1669	patient	T101	C0030705
28068871	1674	1712	endoluminal shielding with stent-graft	T074	C1322796
28068871	1726	1733	patient	T101	C0030705
28068871	1739	1753	pseudoaneurysm	T046	C1510412
28068871	1757	1763	access	T082	C0444454
28068871	1764	1776	complication	T046	C0009566
28068871	1820	1839	Percutaneous access	T082	C0522523
28068871	1843	1854	redo groins	T029	C0018246
28068871	1860	1871	scar tissue	T033	C0241158
28068871	1879	1903	synthetic vascular graft	T074	C0500213
28068871	1910	1936	ultrasound-guided punction	T074	C1875843
28068871	1938	1948	preclosing	T061	C0411299
28068871	1954	1970	ProGlide® system	T074	C0025080
28068871	1975	1986	predilation	T061	C1322279
28068871	1992	2037	percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon	T061	C0411287
28068871	2051	2061	large size	T033	C0332509
28068871	2062	2068	sheath	T074	C0025080
28068871	2081	2107	endovascular aortic repair	T061	C0003506
28068871	2155	2168	complications	T046	C0009566

28069279|t|Masitinib for treatment of severely symptomatic indolent systemic mastocytosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study
28069279|a|Indolent systemic mastocytosis, including the subvariant of smouldering systemic mastocytosis, is a lifelong condition associated with reduced quality of life. Masitinib inhibits KIT and LYN kinases that are involved in indolent systemic mastocytosis pathogenesis. We aimed to assess safety and efficacy of masitinib versus placebo in severely symptomatic patients who were unresponsive to optimal symptomatic treatments. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study, we enrolled adults (aged 18-75 years) with indolent or smouldering systemic mastocytosis, according to WHO classification or documented mastocytosis based on histological criteria, at 50 centres in 15 countries. We excluded patients with cutaneous or non-severe systemic mastocytosis after a protocol amendment. Patients were centrally randomised (1:1) to receive either oral masitinib (6 mg/kg per day over 24 weeks with possible extension) or matched placebo with minimisation according to severe symptoms. The primary endpoint was cumulative response (≥75% improvement from baseline within weeks 8-24) in at least one severe baseline symptom from the following: pruritus score of 9 or more, eight or more flushes per week, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression of 19 or more, or Fatigue Impact Scale of 75 or more. We assessed treatment effect using repeated measures methodology for rare diseases via the generalised estimating equation model in a modified intention-to-treat population, including all participants assigned to treatment minus those who withdrew due to a non-treatment-related cause. We assessed safety in all patients who received at least one dose of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00814073. Between Feb 19, 2009, and July 15, 2015, 135 patients were randomly assigned to masitinib (n=71) or placebo (n=64). By 24 weeks, masitinib was associated with a cumulative response of 18·7% in the primary endpoint (122·6 responses of 656·5 possible responses [weighted generalised estimating equation]) compared with 7·4% for placebo (48·9 of 656·5; difference 11·3%; odds ratio 3·6; 95% CI 1·2-10·8; p=0·0076). Frequent severe adverse events (>4% difference from placebo) were diarrhoea (eight [11%] of 70 in the masitinib group vs one [2%] of 63 in the placebo group), rash (four [6%] vs none), and asthenia (four [6%] vs one [2%]). The most frequent serious adverse events were diarrhoea (three patients [4%] vs one [2%]) and urticaria (two [3%] vs none), and no life-threatening toxicities occurred. One patient in the placebo group died (unrelated to study treatment). These study findings indicate that masitinib is an effective and well tolerated agent for the treatment of severely symptomatic indolent or smouldering systemic mastocytosis. AB Science (Paris, France).
28069279	0	9	Masitinib	T109,T121	C2351398
28069279	14	23	treatment	T061	C0087111
28069279	27	35	severely	T080	C0205082
28069279	36	47	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28069279	48	78	indolent systemic mastocytosis	T047	C0272203
28069279	82	92	randomised	T062	C0034656
28069279	94	112	placebo-controlled	T062	C1706408
28069279	114	127	phase 3 study	T062	C0282461
28069279	128	158	Indolent systemic mastocytosis	T047	C0272203
28069279	174	184	subvariant	T080	C0205556
28069279	188	221	smouldering systemic mastocytosis	T191	C3897042
28069279	228	236	lifelong	T079	C4274169
28069279	247	262	associated with	T080	C0332281
28069279	263	286	reduced quality of life	T033	C1963786
28069279	288	297	Masitinib	T109,T121	C2351398
28069279	298	306	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28069279	307	310	KIT	T116,T126	C0033640
28069279	315	326	LYN kinases	T116,T126	C1442804
28069279	348	378	indolent systemic mastocytosis	T047	C0272203
28069279	379	391	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28069279	412	418	safety	T062	C1705187
28069279	423	431	efficacy	T062	C1707887
28069279	435	444	masitinib	T109,T121	C2351398
28069279	452	459	placebo	T122	C1696465
28069279	463	483	severely symptomatic	T033	C0436345
28069279	484	492	patients	T101	C0030705
28069279	502	514	unresponsive	T169	C0205269
28069279	518	525	optimal	T080	C2698651
28069279	526	537	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28069279	538	548	treatments	T061	C0087111
28069279	558	568	randomised	T062	C0034656
28069279	570	582	double-blind	T062	C0013072
28069279	584	602	placebo-controlled	T062	C1706408
28069279	604	617	phase 3 study	T062	C0282461
28069279	631	637	adults	T100	C0001675
28069279	639	643	aged	T032	C0001779
28069279	662	670	indolent	T047	C0272203
28069279	674	707	smouldering systemic mastocytosis	T191	C3897042
28069279	722	725	WHO	T093	C0043237
28069279	726	740	classification	T185	C0008902
28069279	744	754	documented	T170	C0920316
28069279	755	767	mastocytosis	T047	C0024899
28069279	777	798	histological criteria	T201	C0449574
28069279	820	829	countries	T083	C0454664
28069279	843	851	patients	T101	C0030705
28069279	857	866	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
28069279	881	902	systemic mastocytosis	T047	C0221013
28069279	911	929	protocol amendment	T170	C1507394
28069279	931	939	Patients	T101	C0030705
28069279	955	965	randomised	T062	C0034656
28069279	990	994	oral	T169	C1527415
28069279	995	1004	masitinib	T109,T121	C2351398
28069279	1072	1079	placebo	T122	C1696465
28069279	1111	1126	severe symptoms	T033	C0436345
28069279	1132	1148	primary endpoint	T130	C2986535
28069279	1164	1172	response	T201	C0521982
28069279	1179	1190	improvement	T077	C2986411
28069279	1196	1204	baseline	T081	C1442488
28069279	1240	1263	severe baseline symptom	T033	C0436345
28069279	1284	1292	pruritus	T184	C0033774
28069279	1293	1298	score	T081	C0449820
28069279	1345	1381	Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression	T170	C0451203
28069279	1400	1420	Fatigue Impact Scale	T170	C2733557
28069279	1448	1464	treatment effect	T080	C0087113
28069279	1489	1500	methodology	T062	C0086912
28069279	1505	1518	rare diseases	T047	C0678236
28069279	1527	1564	generalised estimating equation model	T170	C0282574
28069279	1579	1597	intention-to-treat	T062	C2718028
28069279	1598	1608	population	T098	C1257890
28069279	1624	1636	participants	T098	C0679646
28069279	1649	1658	treatment	T061	C0087111
28069279	1693	1720	non-treatment-related cause	T033	C0243095
28069279	1734	1740	safety	T062	C1705187
28069279	1748	1756	patients	T101	C0030705
28069279	1783	1787	dose	T081	C0870450
28069279	1791	1801	study drug	T062	C0013175
28069279	1808	1813	trial	T062	C0008976
28069279	1833	1871	ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00814073	T062	C0008976
28069279	1881	1884	Feb	T080	C3830166
28069279	1899	1903	July	T080	C3829447
28069279	1918	1926	patients	T101	C0030705
28069279	1932	1949	randomly assigned	UnknownType	C0814868
28069279	1953	1962	masitinib	T109,T121	C2351398
28069279	1973	1980	placebo	T122	C1696465
28069279	1995	2000	weeks	T079	C0439230
28069279	2002	2011	masitinib	T109,T121	C2351398
28069279	2016	2031	associated with	T080	C0332281
28069279	2045	2053	response	T201	C0521982
28069279	2070	2086	primary endpoint	T130	C2986535
28069279	2094	2103	responses	T201	C0521982
28069279	2122	2131	responses	T201	C0521982
28069279	2133	2173	weighted generalised estimating equation	T080	C0205556
28069279	2199	2206	placebo	T122	C1696465
28069279	2241	2251	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28069279	2285	2293	Frequent	T079	C0332183
28069279	2294	2315	severe adverse events	T033	C1519255
28069279	2337	2344	placebo	T122	C1696465
28069279	2351	2360	diarrhoea	T184	C0011991
28069279	2387	2396	masitinib	T109,T121	C2351398
28069279	2397	2402	group	T078	C0441833
28069279	2428	2435	placebo	T122	C1696465
28069279	2436	2441	group	T078	C0441833
28069279	2474	2482	asthenia	T184	C0004093
28069279	2517	2525	frequent	T079	C0332183
28069279	2526	2548	serious adverse events	T033	C1519255
28069279	2554	2563	diarrhoea	T184	C0011991
28069279	2571	2579	patients	T101	C0030705
28069279	2602	2611	urticaria	T047	C0042109
28069279	2639	2655	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
28069279	2656	2666	toxicities	T037	C0600688
28069279	2681	2688	patient	T101	C0030705
28069279	2696	2703	placebo	T122	C1696465
28069279	2704	2709	group	T078	C0441833
28069279	2710	2714	died	T033	C1546956
28069279	2716	2725	unrelated	T080	C1704623
28069279	2729	2744	study treatment	T062	C3161471
28069279	2753	2767	study findings	T033	C0683954
28069279	2782	2791	masitinib	T109,T121	C2351398
28069279	2798	2807	effective	T080	C1704419
28069279	2817	2832	tolerated agent	T121	C1254351
28069279	2841	2850	treatment	T061	C0087111
28069279	2854	2874	severely symptomatic	T033	C0436345
28069279	2875	2883	indolent	T047	C0272203
28069279	2887	2920	smouldering systemic mastocytosis	T191	C3897042

28069300|t|Response of microbial communities colonizing salt marsh plants rhizosphere to copper oxide nanoparticles contamination and its implications for phytoremediation processes
28069300|a|This study aimed to investigate Cu oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP) effect on microbial communities associated with salt marsh plants (Halimione portulacoides and Pragmites australis) rhizosphere and its implications for phytoremediation processes. Experiments were conducted, under controlled conditions, over one week. Rhizosediment soaked in the respective elutriate (a simplified natural medium) with or without plants, was doped with CuO NP or with Cu in ionic form. Microbial community in rhizosediments was characterized in terms of abundance (by DAPI) and structure (by ARISA). Metal uptake by plants was evaluated by measuring Cu in plant tissues (by atomic absorption spectroscopy). Results revealed significant metal uptake but only in plant roots, which was significantly lower (H. portulacoides) or not significant (P. australis) when the metal was in NP form. Microbial community structure was significantly changed by the treatment (absence / presence of Cu, ionic Cu or CuO NP) as showed by multivariate analysis of ARISA profiles and confirmed by analysis of similarities (Global test - one way ANOSIM). Moreover, in P. australis rhizosediments microbial abundance, bacterial richness and diversity indexes were significantly affected (increased or decreased) due to metal presence whereas in H. portulacoides rhizosediment microbial abundance showed a significant decrease, particularly when the metal was in NP form. Accordingly, Cu presence affected the response of the rhizosphere microbial community and in some cases that response was significantly different when Cu was in NP form. The response of the microbial communities to Cu NP might also contribute to the lower metal accumulation by plants when the metal was in this form. So, Cu NP may cause disturbances in ecosystems functions, ultimately affecting phytoremediation processes. These facts should be considered regarding the use of appropriate salt marshes plants to remediate moderately impacted areas such as estuaries, where NPs can be found.
28069300	0	8	Response	T032	C0871261
28069300	12	21	microbial	T001	C0599840
28069300	22	33	communities	T096	C0009462
28069300	34	44	colonizing	T033	C4289767
28069300	45	55	salt marsh	T070	C1721089
28069300	56	62	plants	T002	C0032098
28069300	63	74	rhizosphere	T070	C2936389
28069300	78	90	copper oxide	T131,T197	C0056603
28069300	91	104	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
28069300	105	118	contamination	T078	C2349974
28069300	127	139	implications	T033	C0243095
28069300	144	170	phytoremediation processes	T069	C1720751
28069300	176	181	study	T062	C0681814
28069300	191	202	investigate	T169	C1292732
28069300	203	211	Cu oxide	T131,T197	C0056603
28069300	212	225	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
28069300	227	230	CuO	T131,T197	C0056603
28069300	231	233	NP	T073	C1721060
28069300	235	241	effect	T080	C1280500
28069300	245	254	microbial	T001	C0599840
28069300	255	266	communities	T096	C0009462
28069300	267	282	associated with	T080	C0332281
28069300	283	293	salt marsh	T070	C1721089
28069300	294	300	plants	T002	C0032098
28069300	302	325	Halimione portulacoides	T002	C2268453
28069300	330	349	Pragmites australis	T002	C0487886
28069300	351	362	rhizosphere	T070	C2936389
28069300	371	383	implications	T033	C0243095
28069300	388	414	phytoremediation processes	T069	C1720751
28069300	450	471	controlled conditions	T080	C0348080
28069300	482	486	week	T079	C0439230
28069300	488	501	Rhizosediment	T167	C1550099
28069300	527	536	elutriate	T130	C0034760
28069300	551	565	natural medium	T167	C1705217
28069300	583	589	plants	T002	C0032098
28069300	606	609	CuO	T131,T197	C0056603
28069300	610	612	NP	T073	C1721060
28069300	621	623	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28069300	639	648	Microbial	T001	C0599840
28069300	649	658	community	T096	C0009462
28069300	662	676	rhizosediments	T167	C1550099
28069300	681	694	characterized	T052	C1880022
28069300	707	716	abundance	T080	C2346714
28069300	721	725	DAPI	T109,T121	C0057142
28069300	731	740	structure	T082	C0678594
28069300	745	750	ARISA	T062	C0242481
28069300	753	758	Metal	T197	C0025552
28069300	759	765	uptake	T039	C0243144
28069300	769	775	plants	T002	C0032098
28069300	803	805	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28069300	809	822	plant tissues	T025	C1514137
28069300	827	857	atomic absorption spectroscopy	T059	C0037806
28069300	889	894	metal	T197	C0025552
28069300	895	901	uptake	T039	C0243144
28069300	914	925	plant roots	T002	C0242726
28069300	958	974	H. portulacoides	T002	C2268453
28069300	979	994	not significant	T033	C1273937
28069300	996	1008	P. australis	T002	C0487886
28069300	1019	1024	metal	T197	C0025552
28069300	1032	1034	NP	T073	C1721060
28069300	1041	1050	Microbial	T001	C0599840
28069300	1051	1070	community structure	T080	C2936391
28069300	1089	1096	changed	T169	C0392747
28069300	1104	1113	treatment	T169	C1522326
28069300	1115	1122	absence	T169	C0332197
28069300	1125	1133	presence	T033	C0150312
28069300	1137	1139	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28069300	1141	1149	ionic Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28069300	1153	1156	CuO	T131,T197	C0056603
28069300	1157	1159	NP	T073	C1721060
28069300	1174	1195	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28069300	1199	1204	ARISA	T062	C0242481
28069300	1205	1213	profiles	T081	C0237801
28069300	1231	1239	analysis	T062	C0936012
28069300	1243	1255	similarities	T080	C2348205
28069300	1257	1268	Global test	T170	C0282574
28069300	1279	1285	ANOSIM	T081	C0026777
28069300	1301	1313	P. australis	T002	C0487886
28069300	1314	1328	rhizosediments	T167	C1550099
28069300	1329	1338	microbial	T001	C0599840
28069300	1339	1348	abundance	T080	C2346714
28069300	1350	1368	bacterial richness	T033	C0243095
28069300	1373	1390	diversity indexes	T170	C0600653
28069300	1410	1418	affected	T169	C0392760
28069300	1420	1429	increased	T081	C0205217
28069300	1433	1442	decreased	T081	C0205216
28069300	1451	1456	metal	T197	C0025552
28069300	1457	1465	presence	T033	C0150312
28069300	1477	1493	H. portulacoides	T002	C2268453
28069300	1494	1507	rhizosediment	T167	C1550099
28069300	1508	1517	microbial	T001	C0599840
28069300	1518	1527	abundance	T080	C2346714
28069300	1549	1557	decrease	T081	C0547047
28069300	1581	1586	metal	T197	C0025552
28069300	1594	1596	NP	T073	C1721060
28069300	1616	1618	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28069300	1619	1627	presence	T033	C0150312
28069300	1628	1636	affected	T169	C0392760
28069300	1641	1649	response	T032	C0871261
28069300	1657	1668	rhizosphere	T070	C2936389
28069300	1669	1678	microbial	T001	C0599840
28069300	1679	1688	community	T096	C0009462
28069300	1712	1720	response	T032	C0871261
28069300	1739	1748	different	T080	C1705242
28069300	1754	1756	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28069300	1764	1766	NP	T073	C1721060
28069300	1777	1785	response	T032	C0871261
28069300	1793	1802	microbial	T001	C0599840
28069300	1803	1814	communities	T096	C0009462
28069300	1818	1820	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28069300	1821	1823	NP	T073	C1721060
28069300	1859	1864	metal	T197	C0025552
28069300	1865	1877	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28069300	1881	1887	plants	T002	C0032098
28069300	1897	1902	metal	T197	C0025552
28069300	1925	1927	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28069300	1928	1930	NP	T073	C1721060
28069300	1941	1953	disturbances	T080	C2699787
28069300	1957	1967	ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28069300	1968	1977	functions	T169	C0542341
28069300	1990	1999	affecting	T169	C0392760
28069300	2000	2026	phytoremediation processes	T069	C1720751
28069300	2094	2106	salt marshes	T070	C1721089
28069300	2107	2113	plants	T002	C0032098
28069300	2117	2126	remediate	T080	C0205202
28069300	2127	2137	moderately	T080	C1881878
28069300	2138	2152	impacted areas	T082	C0205146
28069300	2161	2170	estuaries	T070	C3494468
28069300	2178	2181	NPs	T073	C1721060

28069303|t|Attributable risk of ambient PM10 on daily mortality and years of life lost in Chengdu, China
28069303|a|Attributable risk is an important indicator for planning and evaluating public health interventions. However, most current measures of the attributable risk of air pollutants have not considered temporal relationships between exposure and risk. More importantly, limited information is available regarding the attributable risk due to ambient air pollutants in basin regions like the Sichuan Basin, China. To quantify the association between PM10 and deaths in the Basin region, we used a measure proposed recently within the framework of the distributed lag non-linear model to estimate the attributable risk in Chengdu, China. Meanwhile, we examined the association between PM10 and years of life lost (YLL). Our analysis showed that population-attributable fractions for non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality were 0.569% (95% CI: -3.474%, 4.374%), 0.695% (95% CI: -5.260%, 6.457%), and 0.631% (95% CI: -6.973%, 7.390%), respectively. On average, a 1μg/m(3) increase in PM10 was associated with cumulative increases of 0.26893, 0.30437, and 0.21924 YLL for non-accidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality, respectively, referring to 20μg/m(3). In addition, we found an inverse U-shaped pattern for the cumulative risk with 350μg/m(3) as the reverse point. With a 1μg/m(3) increase in PM10, YLL changed more significantly than mortality. Moreover, PM10 demonstrated remarkable effects on YLL among men and the elderly.
28069303	0	17	Attributable risk	T080	C0814766
28069303	21	28	ambient	T080	C1879688
28069303	29	33	PM10	T167	C1720884
28069303	43	52	mortality	T081	C0205848
28069303	57	75	years of life lost	T081	C2713320
28069303	79	86	Chengdu	UnknownType	C0681784
28069303	88	93	China	T083	C0008115
28069303	94	111	Attributable risk	T080	C0814766
28069303	142	150	planning	T058	C0018727
28069303	155	193	evaluating public health interventions	T058	C0557980
28069303	233	250	attributable risk	T080	C0814766
28069303	254	268	air pollutants	T131	C0001869
28069303	289	311	temporal relationships	T079	C0449235
28069303	320	328	exposure	T080	C0332157
28069303	333	337	risk	T078	C0035647
28069303	404	421	attributable risk	T080	C0814766
28069303	429	436	ambient	T080	C1879688
28069303	437	451	air pollutants	T131	C0001869
28069303	455	468	basin regions	UnknownType	C0681784
28069303	478	491	Sichuan Basin	UnknownType	C0681784
28069303	493	498	China	T083	C0008115
28069303	536	540	PM10	T167	C1720884
28069303	545	551	deaths	T033	C1306577
28069303	559	571	Basin region	UnknownType	C0681784
28069303	637	669	distributed lag non-linear model	T081	C0392762
28069303	686	703	attributable risk	T080	C0814766
28069303	707	714	Chengdu	UnknownType	C0681784
28069303	716	721	China	T083	C0008115
28069303	750	761	association	T080	C0439849
28069303	770	774	PM10	T167	C1720884
28069303	779	797	years of life lost	T081	C2713320
28069303	799	802	YLL	T081	C2713320
28069303	809	817	analysis	T062	C0936012
28069303	830	863	population-attributable fractions	T081	C1264633
28069303	868	882	non-accidental	T169	C0521130
28069303	884	895	respiratory	T169	C0521346
28069303	901	925	cardiovascular mortality	T081	C0205848
28069303	1086	1090	PM10	T167	C1720884
28069303	1111	1131	cumulative increases	T169	C0442805
28069303	1165	1168	YLL	T081	C2713320
28069303	1173	1187	non-accidental	T169	C0521130
28069303	1189	1200	respiratory	T169	C0521346
28069303	1206	1230	cardiovascular mortality	T081	C0205848
28069303	1295	1319	inverse U-shaped pattern	T082	C0449774
28069303	1328	1343	cumulative risk	T078	C0035647
28069303	1410	1414	PM10	T167	C1720884
28069303	1416	1419	YLL	T081	C2713320
28069303	1452	1461	mortality	T081	C0205848
28069303	1473	1477	PM10	T167	C1720884
28069303	1502	1509	effects	T080	C1280500
28069303	1513	1516	YLL	T081	C2713320
28069303	1523	1526	men	T098	C0025266
28069303	1535	1542	elderly	T098	C0001792

28069555|t|Self-assembled protein nanocarrier for intracellular delivery of antibody
28069555|a|Despite the great potential of antibodies as intracellular therapeutics, there is a significant, unmet challenge in delivering sufficient amounts of folded antibodies inside cells. We describe an all-protein self-assembled nanocarrier capable of delivering functional antibodies to the cytosol. By combining an α-helical peptide that self-assembles into a hexameric coiled-coil bundle and an Fc-binding Protein A fragment, we generated the Hex nanocarrier that is efficiently internalized by cells without cytotoxicity. Localization of multiple Fc-binding domains on the hexameric core allowed the Hex nanocarrier to tightly bind antibody with sub-nanomolar affinity regardless of pH and the antibody 's originating species. The size of the Hex nanocarrier ranges from 25 to 35nm depending on the antibody loading ratio. We demonstrated the capacity of the Hex nanocarrier to deliver functional antibodies to the cytosol by employing anti-β-tubulin or anti-nuclear pore complex antibody as cargo. The design of the Hex nanocarrier is modular, which enables functionalization beyond Fc-binding. We exploited this feature to improve the cytosolic delivery efficiency of the Hex nanocarrier by addition of an endosomolytic motif to the core. The modified Hex nanocarrier exhibited similar antibody - binding behavior, but delivered more antibodies to their cytosolic targets at a faster rate. This work demonstrates an efficient intracellular antibody delivery platform with significant advantages over existing approaches as it does not require modification of the antibody, is biodegradable, and has an antibody to carrier mass ratio of 13, which is greater than other reported antibody carriers.
28069555	0	22	Self-assembled protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28069555	23	34	nanocarrier	T122	C0005479
28069555	39	52	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28069555	53	61	delivery	T169	C1705822
28069555	65	73	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	105	115	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	119	132	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28069555	133	145	therapeutics	T121	C1611640
28069555	190	200	delivering	T169	C0205245
28069555	201	211	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28069555	212	219	amounts	T081	C1265611
28069555	223	240	folded antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	248	253	cells	T025	C0007634
28069555	270	281	all-protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28069555	282	308	self-assembled nanocarrier	T122	C0005479
28069555	320	330	delivering	T169	C0205245
28069555	331	341	functional	T169	C0205245
28069555	342	352	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	360	367	cytosol	T026	C1383501
28069555	385	402	α-helical peptide	T116	C0030956
28069555	408	422	self-assembles	T169	C0205245
28069555	430	458	hexameric coiled-coil bundle	T116	C1510464
28069555	466	495	Fc-binding Protein A fragment	T116,T129,T130	C0038164
28069555	514	529	Hex nanocarrier	T122	C0005479
28069555	566	571	cells	T025	C0007634
28069555	580	592	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28069555	594	606	Localization	T169	C0475264
28069555	610	618	multiple	T081	C0439064
28069555	619	637	Fc-binding domains	T087	C1514535
28069555	645	659	hexameric core	T082	C0444669
28069555	672	687	Hex nanocarrier	T122	C0005479
28069555	699	703	bind	T044	C1167622
28069555	704	712	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	718	740	sub-nanomolar affinity	T070	C1510827
28069555	755	757	pH	T081	C0020283
28069555	766	774	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	790	797	species	T185	C1705920
28069555	803	807	size	T082	C0456389
28069555	815	830	Hex nanocarrier	T122	C0005479
28069555	831	837	ranges	T081	C1514721
28069555	871	879	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	880	893	loading ratio	T081	C0456603
28069555	915	923	capacity	T081	C0007296
28069555	931	946	Hex nanocarrier	T122	C0005479
28069555	950	957	deliver	T169	C1705822
28069555	958	968	functional	T169	C0205245
28069555	969	979	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	987	994	cytosol	T026	C1383501
28069555	1008	1022	anti-β-tubulin	T116,T129	C1276241
28069555	1026	1060	anti-nuclear pore complex antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	1075	1081	design	T052	C1707689
28069555	1089	1104	Hex nanocarrier	T122	C0005479
28069555	1108	1115	modular	T080	C0205556
28069555	1131	1148	functionalization	T169	C0205245
28069555	1156	1166	Fc-binding	T044	C0033618
28069555	1209	1218	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
28069555	1219	1227	delivery	T169	C1705822
28069555	1228	1238	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28069555	1246	1261	Hex nanocarrier	T122	C0005479
28069555	1280	1293	endosomolytic	T026	C0034850
28069555	1294	1299	motif	T087	C1514562
28069555	1307	1311	core	T082	C0444669
28069555	1317	1325	modified	T169	C0392747
28069555	1326	1341	Hex nanocarrier	T122	C0005479
28069555	1360	1368	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	1371	1387	binding behavior	T052	C1145667
28069555	1393	1402	delivered	T169	C0205245
28069555	1408	1418	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	1428	1437	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
28069555	1438	1445	targets	T169	C1521840
28069555	1451	1462	faster rate	T052	C0871208
28069555	1500	1513	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28069555	1514	1522	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	1523	1540	delivery platform	T169	C1705822
28069555	1583	1593	approaches	T169	C1292724
28069555	1617	1629	modification	T033	C3840684
28069555	1637	1645	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	1650	1663	biodegradable	T169	C0205245
28069555	1676	1706	antibody to carrier mass ratio	T081	C1264679
28069555	1751	1759	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28069555	1760	1768	carriers	T122	C0013161

28069611|t|Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds for the Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusions: An International Multicenter Registry
28069611|a|There are only limited studies reporting clinical outcomes after bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS; Absorb; Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA) implantation for coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO). The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world feasibility and safety of BVS implantation for the treatment of CTO. We retrospectively evaluated CTO cases treated with BVS from a multicenter registry. The primary end point was target lesion failure defined as a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization. From September 2012 to November 2015, 65 patients with CTO were successfully treated with BVS. The mean age of patients was 60.8±11.0 years; 89.2% were male and 40.0% diabetic. The mean ejection fraction was 57.7±10.8%. The mean reference vessel diameter and CTO lesion length were 3.0±0.4 and 20.2±3.0 mm, respectively. The mean number of BVS deployed per patient was 1.8±0.7, of which mean diameter and total length were 3.0±0.4 and 47.6±19.9 mm, respectively. Postdilatation with noncompliant balloons (mean diameter 3.3±0.3 mm) was performed at high pressures (18.6±5.3 atm) in all cases. Intravascular ultrasound (n=34) or optical coherence tomography (n=31) was performed in all cases. During the follow-up period (median: 453 days, 25th and 75th percentiles: 230 and 703), there were no occurrences of target lesion failure or scaffold thrombosis. BVS implantation for the treatment of CTO seems feasible and safe. Appropriate lesion preparation, high-pressure postdilatation, and the use of intravascular imaging are recommended to obtain the best possible final result.
28069611	0	32	Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffolds	T074	C4264469
28069611	41	50	Treatment	T169	C0039798
28069611	54	78	Chronic Total Occlusions	T047	C3275069
28069611	83	117	International Multicenter Registry	T170	C0034975
28069611	159	167	clinical	T080	C0205210
28069611	168	176	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28069611	183	214	bioresorbable vascular scaffold	T074	C4264469
28069611	216	219	BVS	T074	C4264469
28069611	229	244	Abbott Vascular	T073,T092	C0683757
28069611	246	261	Santa Clara, CA	T083	C3828240
28069611	263	275	implantation	T061	C0021107
28069611	280	288	coronary	T023	C0018787
28069611	289	313	chronic total occlusions	T047	C3275069
28069611	315	318	CTO	T047	C3275069
28069611	350	358	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28069611	363	385	real-world feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28069611	390	396	safety	T058	C0014680
28069611	400	403	BVS	T074	C4264469
28069611	404	416	implantation	T061	C0021107
28069611	425	434	treatment	T169	C0039798
28069611	438	441	CTO	T047	C3275069
28069611	446	461	retrospectively	T062	C0035363
28069611	462	471	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28069611	472	475	CTO	T047	C3275069
28069611	482	494	treated with	T061	C0332293
28069611	495	498	BVS	T074	C4264469
28069611	506	526	multicenter registry	T170	C0034975
28069611	540	549	end point	T080	C2349179
28069611	554	560	target	T029	C0449618
28069611	561	567	lesion	T033	C3272304
28069611	568	575	failure	T169	C0231174
28069611	589	598	composite	T080	C0205199
28069611	602	615	cardiac death	T046	C0376297
28069611	617	630	target vessel	T029	C0449618
28069611	631	652	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28069611	658	675	clinically driven	T080	C0205210
28069611	676	682	target	T029	C0449618
28069611	683	689	lesion	T033	C3272304
28069611	690	707	revascularization	T061	C0027056
28069611	750	758	patients	T101	C0030705
28069611	764	767	CTO	T047	C3275069
28069611	786	798	treated with	T061	C0332293
28069611	799	802	BVS	T074	C4264469
28069611	820	828	patients	T101	C0030705
28069611	861	865	male	T032	C0086582
28069611	876	884	diabetic	T201	C1315719
28069611	895	912	ejection fraction	T033	C2700378
28069611	933	963	mean reference vessel diameter	T082	C3898449
28069611	968	971	CTO	T047	C3275069
28069611	972	985	lesion length	T033	C1443266
28069611	1049	1052	BVS	T074	C4264469
28069611	1053	1061	deployed	T052	C3640039
28069611	1066	1073	patient	T101	C0030705
28069611	1172	1213	Postdilatation with noncompliant balloons	T061	C0002997
28069611	1245	1254	performed	T169	C0884358
28069611	1258	1272	high pressures	T067	C0563294
28069611	1302	1326	Intravascular ultrasound	T060	C1456025
28069611	1337	1365	optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
28069611	1377	1386	performed	T169	C0884358
28069611	1412	1421	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28069611	1422	1428	period	T079	C1948053
28069611	1500	1502	no	T169	C1518422
28069611	1503	1514	occurrences	T079	C2745955
28069611	1518	1524	target	T029	C0449618
28069611	1525	1531	lesion	T033	C3272304
28069611	1532	1539	failure	T169	C0231174
28069611	1543	1562	scaffold thrombosis	T046	C3897493
28069611	1564	1567	BVS	T074	C4264469
28069611	1568	1580	implantation	T061	C0021107
28069611	1589	1598	treatment	T169	C0039798
28069611	1602	1605	CTO	T047	C3275069
28069611	1643	1649	lesion	T033	C3272304
28069611	1663	1676	high-pressure	T067	C0563294
28069611	1677	1691	postdilatation	T061	C0004704
28069611	1708	1729	intravascular imaging	T060	C1456016
28069611	1780	1786	result	T169	C1274040

28070275|t|Altered natal dispersal at the range periphery: The role of behavior, resources, and maternal condition
28070275|a|Natal dispersal outcomes are an interplay between environmental conditions and individual phenotypes. Peripheral, isolated populations may experience altered environmental conditions and natal dispersal patterns that differ from populations in contiguous landscapes. We document nonphilopatric, sex -biased natal dispersal in an endangered small mammal, the Mt. Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis), restricted to a single mountain. Other North American red squirrel populations are shown to have sex - unbiased, philopatric natal dispersal. We ask what environmental and intrinsic factors may be driving this atypical natal dispersal pattern. We test for the influence of proximate factors and ultimate drivers of natal dispersal: habitat fragmentation, local population density, individual behavior traits, inbreeding avoidance, competition for mates, and competition for resources, allowing us to better understand altered natal dispersal patterns at the periphery of a species' range. A juvenile squirrel's body condition and its mother's mass in spring (a reflection of her intrinsic quality and territory quality) contribute to individual behavioral tendencies for movement and exploration. Resources, behavior, and body condition have the strongest influence on natal dispersal distance, but affect males and females differently. Male natal dispersal distance is positively influenced by its mother's spring body mass and individual tendency for movement; female natal dispersal distance is negatively influenced by its mother's spring body mass and positively influenced by individual tendency for movement. An apparent feedback between environmental variables and subsequent juvenile behavioral state contributes to an altered natal dispersal pattern in a peripheral population, highlighting the importance of studying ecological processes at the both range center and periphery of species' distributions.
28070275	0	7	Altered	T169	C0392747
28070275	8	13	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	14	23	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	37	46	periphery	T082	C0205100
28070275	52	56	role	T077	C1705810
28070275	60	68	behavior	T053	C0004927
28070275	70	79	resources	T078	C0027492
28070275	85	93	maternal	T033	C1858460
28070275	94	103	condition	T080	C0348080
28070275	104	109	Natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	110	119	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	120	128	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28070275	154	167	environmental	T082	C0014406
28070275	168	178	conditions	T080	C0348080
28070275	183	193	individual	T081	C0205171
28070275	194	204	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28070275	206	216	Peripheral	T082	C0205100
28070275	218	226	isolated	T169	C0205409
28070275	227	238	populations	T081	C0032659
28070275	243	253	experience	T041	C0596545
28070275	254	261	altered	T169	C0392747
28070275	262	275	environmental	T082	C0014406
28070275	276	286	conditions	T080	C0348080
28070275	291	296	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	297	306	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	307	315	patterns	T082	C0449774
28070275	333	344	populations	T081	C0032659
28070275	348	358	contiguous	T082	C0205283
28070275	359	369	landscapes	T082	C0870781
28070275	383	397	nonphilopatric	T080	C0205556
28070275	399	402	sex	T032	C1522384
28070275	411	416	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	417	426	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	433	443	endangered	T098	C2717882
28070275	444	449	small	T081	C0700321
28070275	450	456	mammal	T015	C0024660
28070275	462	485	Mt. Graham red squirrel	T015	C1095776
28070275	487	522	Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis	T015	C1095776
28070275	541	547	single	T081	C0205171
28070275	548	556	mountain	T083	C0442533
28070275	564	578	North American	T098	C2700615
28070275	579	591	red squirrel	T015	C0087017
28070275	592	603	populations	T081	C0032659
28070275	622	625	sex	T032	C0079399
28070275	628	636	unbiased	T080	C0205556
28070275	638	649	philopatric	T080	C0205556
28070275	650	655	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	656	665	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	679	692	environmental	T080	C0686732
28070275	697	714	intrinsic factors	T169	C1521761
28070275	735	743	atypical	T080	C0205182
28070275	744	749	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	750	759	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	760	767	pattern	T082	C0449774
28070275	785	794	influence	T077	C4054723
28070275	808	815	factors	T169	C1521761
28070275	840	845	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	846	855	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	857	864	habitat	T082	C0871648
28070275	865	878	fragmentation	T067	C1254366
28070275	880	885	local	T082	C0205276
28070275	886	904	population density	T081	C0032665
28070275	906	932	individual behavior traits	T032	C0599883
28070275	934	944	inbreeding	T040	C0021144
28070275	945	954	avoidance	T041	C0870186
28070275	956	967	competition	T054	C0679932
28070275	972	977	mates	T015	C0024660
28070275	983	994	competition	T054	C0679932
28070275	999	1008	resources	T078	C0027492
28070275	1043	1050	altered	T169	C0392747
28070275	1051	1056	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	1057	1066	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	1067	1075	patterns	T082	C0449774
28070275	1083	1092	periphery	T082	C0205100
28070275	1098	1106	species'	T185	C1705920
28070275	1116	1124	juvenile	T100	C3146221
28070275	1125	1135	squirrel's	T015	C0087017
28070275	1136	1150	body condition	T033	C3687361
28070275	1159	1167	mother's	T099	C0026591
28070275	1168	1172	mass	T033	C0518010
28070275	1176	1182	spring	T079	C0241232
28070275	1204	1221	intrinsic quality	T080	C0332306
28070275	1226	1235	territory	T083	C2983136
28070275	1236	1243	quality	T080	C0332306
28070275	1281	1291	tendencies	T169	C0205245
28070275	1296	1304	movement	T040	C0026649
28070275	1309	1320	exploration	T169	C0205245
28070275	1322	1331	Resources	T078	C0027492
28070275	1333	1341	behavior	T053	C0004927
28070275	1347	1361	body condition	T033	C3687361
28070275	1381	1390	influence	T077	C4054723
28070275	1394	1399	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	1400	1409	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	1410	1418	distance	T081	C0012751
28070275	1431	1436	males	T032	C0086582
28070275	1441	1448	females	T032	C0086287
28070275	1462	1466	Male	T032	C0086582
28070275	1467	1472	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	1473	1482	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	1483	1491	distance	T081	C0012751
28070275	1495	1505	positively	T033	C1446409
28070275	1506	1516	influenced	T077	C4054723
28070275	1524	1532	mother's	T099	C0026591
28070275	1533	1539	spring	T079	C0241232
28070275	1540	1549	body mass	T033	C0518010
28070275	1554	1573	individual tendency	T169	C0205245
28070275	1578	1586	movement	T040	C0026649
28070275	1588	1594	female	T032	C0086287
28070275	1595	1600	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	1601	1610	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	1611	1619	distance	T081	C0012751
28070275	1623	1633	negatively	T033	C0205160
28070275	1634	1644	influenced	T077	C4054723
28070275	1652	1660	mother's	T099	C0026591
28070275	1661	1667	spring	T079	C0241232
28070275	1668	1677	body mass	T033	C0518010
28070275	1682	1692	positively	T033	C1446409
28070275	1693	1703	influenced	T077	C4054723
28070275	1707	1726	individual tendency	T169	C0205245
28070275	1731	1739	movement	T040	C0026649
28070275	1753	1761	feedback	T078	C1254370
28070275	1770	1783	environmental	T082	C0014406
28070275	1784	1793	variables	T080	C0439828
28070275	1809	1817	juvenile	T100	C3146221
28070275	1818	1828	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28070275	1829	1834	state	T169	C1442792
28070275	1853	1860	altered	T169	C0392747
28070275	1861	1866	natal	T083	C0454729
28070275	1867	1876	dispersal	T054	C3494412
28070275	1877	1884	pattern	T082	C0449774
28070275	1890	1900	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28070275	1901	1911	population	T081	C0032659
28070275	1953	1973	ecological processes	T070	C2350517
28070275	1992	1998	center	T082	C0205099
28070275	2003	2012	periphery	T082	C0205100
28070275	2016	2024	species'	T185	C1705920
28070275	2025	2038	distributions	T082	C0037775

28070281|t|Multiscale habitat relationships of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) in the mixed conifer landscape of the Northern Rockies, USA: Cross-scale effects of horizontal cover with implications for forest management
28070281|a|Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) are an ecologically important herbivore because they modify vegetation through browsing and serve as a prey resource for multiple predators. We implemented a multiscale approach to characterize habitat relationships for snowshoe hares across the mixed conifer landscape of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Our objectives were to (1) assess the relationship between horizontal cover and snowshoe hares, (2) estimate how forest metrics vary across the gradient of snowshoe hare use and horizontal cover, and (3) model and map snowshoe hare occupancy and intensity of use. Results indicated that both occupancy and intensity of use by snowshoe hares increased with horizontal cover and that the effect became stronger as intensity of use increased. This underscores the importance of dense horizontal cover to achieve high use, and likely density, of snowshoe hares. Forest structure in areas with high snowshoe hare use and horizontal cover was characterize d as multistoried with dense canopy cover and medium-sized trees (e.g., 12.7-24.4 cm). The abundance of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) was associated with snowshoe hare use within a mixed conifer context, and the only species to increase in abundance with horizontal cover was Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa). Our landscape -level modeling produced similar patterns in that we observed a positive effect of lodgepole pine and horizontal cover on both occupancy and use by snowshoe hares, but we also observed a positive yet parabolic effect of snow depth on snowshoe hare occupancy. This work is among the first to characterize the multiscale habitat relationships of snowshoe hares across a mixed conifer landscape as well as to map their occupancy and intensity of use. Moreover, our results provide stand- and landscape -level insights that directly relate to management agencies, which aids in conservation efforts of snowshoe hares and their associated predators.
28070281	0	10	Multiscale	T170	C0872009
28070281	11	18	habitat	T082	C0871648
28070281	19	32	relationships	T080	C0439849
28070281	36	50	snowshoe hares	T015	C1013735
28070281	52	68	Lepus americanus	T015	C1013735
28070281	83	90	conifer	T002	C0524895
28070281	91	100	landscape	T082	C0870781
28070281	108	124	Northern Rockies	T083	C0017446
28070281	126	129	USA	T083	C0041703
28070281	131	142	Cross-scale	T170	C0872009
28070281	143	150	effects	T080	C1280500
28070281	154	164	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28070281	165	170	cover	T169	C1999244
28070281	193	199	forest	T070	C0086312
28070281	200	210	management	T057	C1273870
28070281	211	225	Snowshoe hares	T015	C1013735
28070281	227	243	Lepus americanus	T015	C1013735
28070281	275	284	herbivore	T008	C0562691
28070281	305	315	vegetation	T002	C0032098
28070281	348	352	prey	T002	C0032098
28070281	353	361	resource	T078	C0035201
28070281	375	384	predators	T015	C0024660
28070281	403	422	multiscale approach	T170	C0872009
28070281	426	438	characterize	T052	C1880022
28070281	439	446	habitat	T082	C0871648
28070281	447	460	relationships	T080	C0439849
28070281	465	479	snowshoe hares	T015	C1013735
28070281	497	504	conifer	T002	C0524895
28070281	505	514	landscape	T082	C0870781
28070281	522	546	northern Rocky Mountains	T083	C0017446
28070281	548	551	USA	T083	C0041703
28070281	557	567	objectives	T078	C2985627
28070281	580	586	assess	T052	C1516048
28070281	612	622	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28070281	623	628	cover	T169	C1999244
28070281	633	647	snowshoe hares	T015	C1013735
28070281	653	661	estimate	T081	C0750572
28070281	666	672	forest	T070	C0086312
28070281	697	705	gradient	T081	C0812409
28070281	709	722	snowshoe hare	T015	C1013735
28070281	731	741	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28070281	742	747	cover	T169	C1999244
28070281	757	762	model	T062	C0870071
28070281	767	770	map	T052	C1283195
28070281	771	784	snowshoe hare	T015	C1013735
28070281	785	794	occupancy	T080	C2827063
28070281	799	808	intensity	T080	C0522510
28070281	817	824	Results	T033	C0683954
28070281	845	854	occupancy	T080	C2827063
28070281	859	868	intensity	T080	C0522510
28070281	879	893	snowshoe hares	T015	C1013735
28070281	909	919	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28070281	920	925	cover	T169	C1999244
28070281	939	945	effect	T080	C1280500
28070281	965	974	intensity	T080	C0522510
28070281	1028	1033	dense	T080	C0439794
28070281	1034	1044	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28070281	1045	1050	cover	T169	C1999244
28070281	1083	1090	density	T081	C0178587
28070281	1095	1109	snowshoe hares	T015	C1013735
28070281	1111	1117	Forest	T070	C0086312
28070281	1131	1136	areas	T082	C0205146
28070281	1147	1160	snowshoe hare	T015	C1013735
28070281	1169	1179	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28070281	1180	1185	cover	T169	C1999244
28070281	1190	1202	characterize	T052	C1880022
28070281	1226	1231	dense	T080	C0439794
28070281	1239	1244	cover	T169	C1999244
28070281	1262	1267	trees	T002	C0040811
28070281	1294	1303	abundance	T080	C2346714
28070281	1307	1321	lodgepole pine	T002	C0330190
28070281	1323	1337	Pinus contorta	T002	C0330190
28070281	1359	1372	snowshoe hare	T015	C1013735
28070281	1392	1399	conifer	T002	C0524895
28070281	1422	1429	species	T185	C1705920
28070281	1445	1454	abundance	T080	C2346714
28070281	1460	1470	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28070281	1471	1476	cover	T169	C1999244
28070281	1481	1497	Engelmann spruce	T002	C1080842
28070281	1499	1516	Picea engelmannii	T002	C1080842
28070281	1522	1535	subalpine fir	T002	C1005055
28070281	1537	1553	Abies lasiocarpa	T002	C1005055
28070281	1560	1569	landscape	T082	C0870781
28070281	1577	1585	modeling	T062	C0870071
28070281	1643	1649	effect	T080	C1280500
28070281	1653	1667	lodgepole pine	T002	C0330190
28070281	1672	1682	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28070281	1683	1688	cover	T169	C1999244
28070281	1697	1706	occupancy	T080	C2827063
28070281	1718	1732	snowshoe hares	T015	C1013735
28070281	1770	1786	parabolic effect	T080	C1280500
28070281	1804	1817	snowshoe hare	T015	C1013735
28070281	1818	1827	occupancy	T080	C2827063
28070281	1834	1838	work	T057	C0043227
28070281	1861	1873	characterize	T052	C1880022
28070281	1878	1888	multiscale	T170	C0872009
28070281	1889	1896	habitat	T082	C0871648
28070281	1897	1910	relationships	T080	C0439849
28070281	1914	1928	snowshoe hares	T015	C1013735
28070281	1944	1951	conifer	T002	C0524895
28070281	1952	1961	landscape	T082	C0870781
28070281	1976	1979	map	T052	C1283195
28070281	1986	1995	occupancy	T080	C2827063
28070281	2000	2009	intensity	T080	C0522510
28070281	2032	2039	results	T033	C0683954
28070281	2059	2068	landscape	T082	C0870781
28070281	2109	2119	management	T057	C1273870
28070281	2120	2128	agencies	T092	C0237463
28070281	2144	2156	conservation	T080	C2347858
28070281	2168	2182	snowshoe hares	T015	C1013735
28070281	2204	2213	predators	T015	C0024660

28070315|t|Evaluation of analytical methods for the determination of the physicochemical properties of fermented, granulated, and roasted cassava pulp - gari
28070315|a|Simple but reliable methods for the determination of the physicochemical properties of gari were evaluated for the parameters, such as grain size, bulk density, swelling index, moisture content, gross calorific value, cyanide content, and acidity content. The grain sizes were between 525 and 928 μm (weighted means), the bulk densities between 0.541 and 0.699 g/cm³, and the swelling indices between 3.21 and 4.33. The moisture contents ranged from 4.30 to 9.19%. The gross calorific values were found between 15.45 and 15.82 kJ/g. The cyanide contents were between 0 and 4.8 ppm. The acidity contents varied among 0.55 and 1.62%. Correlation tests verified the influences of the grain size and the moisture content on the acidity content with a probability of 99.9%. The methods were regarded as suitable and adaptable for the application in small and medium cassava - processing industries with special regard to the respect of the consumer `s health safety.
28070315	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28070315	14	32	analytical methods	T170	C0178476
28070315	41	54	determination	T059	C1148554
28070315	62	88	physicochemical properties	T070	C2350461
28070315	92	101	fermented	T044	C0015852
28070315	103	113	granulated	T033	C0518864
28070315	119	126	roasted	T067	C1522240
28070315	127	139	cassava pulp	T002	C0007335
28070315	142	146	gari	T168	C0458974
28070315	167	174	methods	T170	C0025663
28070315	167	174	methods	T170	C0025663
28070315	183	196	determination	T059	C1148554
28070315	204	230	physicochemical properties	T070	C2350461
28070315	234	238	gari	T168	C0458974
28070315	244	253	evaluated	T078	C1550157
28070315	262	272	parameters	T033	C0449381
28070315	282	287	grain	T002	C0086369
28070315	288	292	size	T082	C0456389
28070315	294	306	bulk density	T081	C0178587
28070315	308	322	swelling index	T080	C0205556
28070315	324	332	moisture	T167	C0868994
28070315	333	340	content	T077	C0456205
28070315	342	363	gross calorific value	T081	C0392762
28070315	365	372	cyanide	T197	C0010505
28070315	373	380	content	T077	C0456205
28070315	373	380	content	T077	C0456205
28070315	386	393	acidity	T081	C0920750
28070315	394	401	content	T077	C0456205
28070315	407	412	grain	T002	C0086369
28070315	413	418	sizes	T082	C0456389
28070315	469	483	bulk densities	T081	C0392762
28070315	523	539	swelling indices	T081	C0392762
28070315	567	575	moisture	T167	C0868994
28070315	576	584	contents	T077	C0456205
28070315	616	638	gross calorific values	T081	C0392762
28070315	684	691	cyanide	T197	C0010505
28070315	692	700	contents	T077	C0456205
28070315	733	740	acidity	T081	C0920750
28070315	741	749	contents	T077	C0456205
28070315	779	796	Correlation tests	T170	C1707521
28070315	828	833	grain	T002	C0086369
28070315	834	838	size	T082	C0456389
28070315	847	855	moisture	T167	C0868994
28070315	856	863	content	T077	C0456205
28070315	871	878	acidity	T081	C0920750
28070315	879	886	content	T077	C0456205
28070315	894	905	probability	T081	C0033204
28070315	920	927	methods	T170	C0025663
28070315	945	953	suitable	T080	C3900053
28070315	958	967	adaptable	T033	C0564612
28070315	1008	1015	cassava	T002	C0007335
28070315	1018	1028	processing	T052	C1709694
28070315	1029	1039	industries	T057	C0021267
28070315	1082	1090	consumer	T098	C1707496
28070315	1094	1107	health safety	T091	C0262668

28070679|t|Diversity of Microbial Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes (CAZYmes) Associated with Freshwater and Soil Samples from Caatinga Biome
28070679|a|Semi-arid and arid areas occupy about 33% of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little information is available about microbial diversity in the semi-arid Caatinga, which represents a unique biome that extends to about 11% of the Brazilian territory and is home to extraordinary diversity and high endemism level of species. In this study, we characterized the diversity of microbial genes associated with biomass conversion (carbohydrate-active enzymes, or so-called CAZYmes) in soil and freshwater of the Caatinga. Our results showed distinct CAZYme profiles in the soil and freshwater samples. Glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases were the most abundant CAZYme families, with glycoside hydrolases more dominant in soil (∼44%) and glycosyltransferases more abundant in freshwater (∼50%). The abundances of individual glycoside hydrolase, glycosyltransferase, and carbohydrate-binding module subfamilies varied widely between soil and water samples. A predominance of glycoside hydrolases was observed in soil, and a higher contribution of enzymes involved in carbohydrate biosynthesis was observed in freshwater. The main taxa associated with the CAZYme sequences were Planctomycetia (relative abundance in soil, 29%) and Alphaproteobacteria (relative abundance in freshwater, 27%). Approximately 5-7% of CAZYme sequences showed low similarity with sequences deposited in non-redundant databases, suggesting putative homologues. Our findings represent a first attempt to describe specific microbial CAZYme profiles for environmental samples. Characterizing these enzyme groups associated with the conversion of carbohydrates in nature will improve our understanding of the significant roles of enzymes in the carbon cycle. We identified a CAZYme signature that can be used to discriminate between soil and freshwater samples, and this signature may be related to the microbial species adapted to the habitat. The data show the potential ecological roles of the CAZYme repertoire and associated biotechnological applications.
28070679	0	9	Diversity	T080	C1880371
28070679	13	22	Microbial	T001	C0599840
28070679	23	50	Carbohydrate-Active enZYmes	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	52	59	CAZYmes	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	61	76	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28070679	77	87	Freshwater	T167	C0016710
28070679	92	104	Soil Samples	T167	C3687777
28070679	110	118	Caatinga	UnknownType	C0681784
28070679	119	124	Biome	T070	C3853023
28070679	125	134	Semi-arid	T082	C1254362
28070679	139	149	arid areas	T082	C1254362
28070679	170	192	terrestrial ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28070679	210	221	information	T078	C1533716
28070679	241	260	microbial diversity	T080	C1880371
28070679	268	286	semi-arid Caatinga	UnknownType	C0681784
28070679	307	313	unique	T080	C1710548
28070679	314	319	biome	T070	C3853023
28070679	325	332	extends	T082	C0439792
28070679	353	372	Brazilian territory	T083	C2983136
28070679	402	411	diversity	T080	C1880371
28070679	421	429	endemism	T082	C1254362
28070679	439	446	species	T185	C1705920
28070679	456	461	study	T062	C2603343
28070679	466	479	characterized	T052	C1880022
28070679	484	493	diversity	T080	C1880371
28070679	497	512	microbial genes	T028	C3658343
28070679	529	536	biomass	T081	C0005535
28070679	537	547	conversion	T169	C0439836
28070679	549	576	carbohydrate-active enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	591	598	CAZYmes	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	603	607	soil	T167	C0037592
28070679	612	622	freshwater	T167	C0016710
28070679	630	638	Caatinga	UnknownType	C0681784
28070679	644	651	results	T033	C0683954
28070679	668	674	CAZYme	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	675	683	profiles	T081	C0392762
28070679	691	695	soil	T167	C3687777
28070679	700	718	freshwater samples	T167	C0016710
28070679	720	740	Glycoside hydrolases	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
28070679	745	765	glycosyltransferases	T116,T126	C0085249
28070679	780	788	abundant	T080	C2346714
28070679	789	795	CAZYme	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	811	831	glycoside hydrolases	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
28070679	849	853	soil	T167	C0037592
28070679	865	885	glycosyltransferases	T116,T126	C0085249
28070679	891	899	abundant	T080	C2346714
28070679	903	913	freshwater	T167	C0016710
28070679	926	936	abundances	T080	C2346714
28070679	951	970	glycoside hydrolase	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
28070679	972	991	glycosyltransferase	T116,T126	C0085249
28070679	997	1017	carbohydrate-binding	T044	C1148582
28070679	1018	1024	module	T077	C1709061
28070679	1025	1036	subfamilies	T185	C1711207
28070679	1059	1063	soil	T167	C3687777
28070679	1068	1081	water samples	T167	C0016710
28070679	1101	1121	glycoside hydrolases	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
28070679	1138	1142	soil	T167	C0037592
28070679	1157	1169	contribution	T052	C1880177
28070679	1173	1180	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	1193	1218	carbohydrate biosynthesis	T044	C0596247
28070679	1235	1245	freshwater	T167	C0016710
28070679	1256	1260	taxa	T077	C1515221
28070679	1261	1276	associated with	T080	C0332281
28070679	1281	1297	CAZYme sequences	T087	C0002518
28070679	1303	1317	Planctomycetia	T007	C1222578
28070679	1328	1337	abundance	T080	C2346714
28070679	1341	1345	soil	T167	C0037592
28070679	1356	1375	Alphaproteobacteria	T007	C0751986
28070679	1386	1395	abundance	T080	C2346714
28070679	1399	1409	freshwater	T167	C0016710
28070679	1439	1455	CAZYme sequences	T087	C0002518
28070679	1463	1477	low similarity	T080	C2348205
28070679	1483	1492	sequences	T087	C0002518
28070679	1506	1519	non-redundant	T169	C1313915
28070679	1520	1529	databases	T170	C0242356
28070679	1542	1561	putative homologues	T085	C0162774
28070679	1567	1575	findings	T033	C0243095
28070679	1594	1601	attempt	T051	C1516084
28070679	1614	1622	specific	T080	C0205369
28070679	1623	1632	microbial	T001	C0599840
28070679	1633	1639	CAZYme	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	1640	1648	profiles	T081	C0392762
28070679	1653	1666	environmental	T082	C0014406
28070679	1667	1674	samples	T167	C0370003
28070679	1697	1710	enzyme groups	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	1711	1726	associated with	T080	C0332281
28070679	1731	1741	conversion	T169	C0439836
28070679	1745	1758	carbohydrates	T109	C0007004
28070679	1762	1768	nature	UnknownType	C0683930
28070679	1774	1781	improve	T033	C0184511
28070679	1786	1799	understanding	T041	C0162340
28070679	1819	1835	roles of enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	1843	1855	carbon cycle	T070	C2936196
28070679	1860	1870	identified	T080	C0205396
28070679	1873	1879	CAZYme	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	1910	1922	discriminate	T080	C0205235
28070679	1931	1935	soil	T167	C3687777
28070679	1940	1958	freshwater samples	T167	C0016710
28070679	2001	2010	microbial	T001	C0599840
28070679	2011	2018	species	T185	C1705920
28070679	2034	2041	habitat	T082	C0871648
28070679	2047	2051	data	T078	C1511726
28070679	2061	2070	potential	T080	C3245505
28070679	2071	2087	ecological roles	T080	C0205556
28070679	2095	2101	CAZYme	T116,T126	C0014442
28070679	2102	2112	repertoire	T080	C0205556
28070679	2128	2157	biotechnological applications	T169	C0457083

28070803|t|Life satisfaction of women of working age shortly after breast cancer surgery
28070803|a|To explore, among women of working age, satisfaction with life as a whole and with different life domains, and its associations with social and health variables, shortly after breast cancer surgery. This cross-sectional study included 605 women, aged 20-63 years, who had had breast cancer surgery with no distant metastasis, pre-surgical chemotherapy, or previous breast cancer. Associations between LiSat-11 and demographic and social factors as well as health - and treatment - related variables were analysed by multivariable logistic regression. Compared with Swedish reference levels, the women were, after breast cancer surgery, less satisfied with life, particularly sexual life. Women working shortly after breast cancer surgery were more often satisfied with life in provision domains compared with the reference population. Although most included variables showed associations with satisfaction, after adjustment for all significantly associated variables, only six variables -having children, being in work, having emotional and informational social support, and having good physical and emotional functioning -were positively associated with satisfaction with life as a whole. The odds ratios for satisfaction were higher in most life domains if the woman had social support and good emotional and cognitive functioning. One month after breast cancer surgery, satisfaction with different life domains was associated primarily with social support and health - related functioning. However, this soon after surgery, treatment - related variables showed no significant associations with life satisfaction. These results are useful for planning interventions to enhance e.g. social support and emotional as well as cognitive functioning.
28070803	0	17	Life satisfaction	T080	C0392352
28070803	21	37	women of working	T098	C0043215
28070803	38	41	age	T032	C0001779
28070803	42	49	shortly	T081	C1806781
28070803	56	69	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28070803	70	77	surgery	T061	C0543467
28070803	96	112	women of working	T098	C0043215
28070803	113	116	age	T032	C0001779
28070803	118	140	satisfaction with life	T080	C0392352
28070803	146	151	whole	T081	C0444667
28070803	161	170	different	T080	C1705242
28070803	171	183	life domains	T080	C0205556
28070803	193	205	associations	T080	C0439849
28070803	211	217	social	T078	C0037403
28070803	222	228	health	T078	C0018684
28070803	229	238	variables	T080	C0439828
28070803	240	247	shortly	T081	C1806781
28070803	254	267	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28070803	268	275	surgery	T061	C0543467
28070803	282	303	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28070803	304	312	included	T169	C0332257
28070803	317	322	women	T098	C0043210
28070803	324	328	aged	T032	C0001779
28070803	335	340	years	T079	C0439234
28070803	354	367	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28070803	368	375	surgery	T061	C0543467
28070803	381	402	no distant metastasis	T033	C1268957
28070803	404	416	pre-surgical	T061	C0543467
28070803	417	429	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28070803	434	442	previous	T079	C0205156
28070803	443	456	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28070803	458	470	Associations	T080	C0439849
28070803	479	487	LiSat-11	T170	C3897656
28070803	492	503	demographic	T078	C0011292
28070803	508	522	social factors	T102	C0337460
28070803	534	540	health	T078	C0018684
28070803	547	556	treatment	T061	C0087111
28070803	559	566	related	T080	C0439849
28070803	567	576	variables	T080	C0439828
28070803	582	590	analysed	T062	C0936012
28070803	594	627	multivariable logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28070803	629	637	Compared	T052	C1707455
28070803	643	650	Swedish	T098	C1710263
28070803	651	667	reference levels	T081	C0086715
28070803	673	678	women	T098	C0043210
28070803	691	704	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28070803	705	712	surgery	T061	C0543467
28070803	714	718	less	T080	C0547044
28070803	719	738	satisfied with life	T080	C0392352
28070803	753	764	sexual life	T078	C0376558
28070803	766	779	Women working	T098	C0043215
28070803	780	787	shortly	T081	C1806781
28070803	794	807	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28070803	808	815	surgery	T061	C0543467
28070803	832	851	satisfied with life	T080	C0392352
28070803	873	881	compared	T052	C1707455
28070803	891	911	reference population	T098	C0680399
28070803	927	935	included	T169	C0332257
28070803	936	945	variables	T080	C0439828
28070803	953	970	associations with	T080	C0332281
28070803	971	983	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28070803	991	1001	adjustment	T169	C0456081
28070803	1010	1023	significantly	T078	C0750502
28070803	1024	1034	associated	T080	C0332281
28070803	1035	1044	variables	T080	C0439828
28070803	1051	1064	six variables	T080	C0439828
28070803	1073	1081	children	T100	C0008059
28070803	1092	1096	work	T057	C0043227
28070803	1105	1114	emotional	T041	C0013987
28070803	1119	1132	informational	T170	C3242430
28070803	1133	1147	social support	T054	C0037438
28070803	1160	1173	good physical	T169	C0205485
28070803	1178	1187	emotional	T041	C0013987
28070803	1188	1199	functioning	T169	C0205245
28070803	1206	1216	positively	T033	C1446409
28070803	1217	1232	associated with	T080	C0332281
28070803	1233	1255	satisfaction with life	T080	C0392352
28070803	1261	1266	whole	T081	C0444667
28070803	1272	1283	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28070803	1288	1300	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28070803	1306	1312	higher	T080	C0205250
28070803	1321	1333	life domains	T080	C0205556
28070803	1341	1346	woman	T098	C0043210
28070803	1351	1365	social support	T054	C0037438
28070803	1375	1384	emotional	T041	C0013987
28070803	1389	1410	cognitive functioning	T041	C0392335
28070803	1416	1421	month	T079	C0439231
28070803	1428	1441	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28070803	1442	1449	surgery	T061	C0543467
28070803	1451	1463	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28070803	1469	1478	different	T080	C1705242
28070803	1479	1491	life domains	T080	C0205556
28070803	1496	1506	associated	T080	C0332281
28070803	1522	1536	social support	T054	C0037438
28070803	1541	1547	health	T078	C0018684
28070803	1550	1557	related	T080	C0439849
28070803	1558	1569	functioning	T169	C0205245
28070803	1596	1603	surgery	T061	C0543467
28070803	1605	1614	treatment	T061	C0087111
28070803	1617	1624	related	T080	C0439849
28070803	1625	1634	variables	T080	C0439828
28070803	1642	1656	no significant	T033	C1273937
28070803	1657	1674	associations with	T080	C0332281
28070803	1675	1692	life satisfaction	T080	C0392352
28070803	1700	1707	results	T169	C1274040
28070803	1723	1731	planning	T169	C1301732
28070803	1732	1745	interventions	T061	C0184661
28070803	1749	1756	enhance	T052	C2349975
28070803	1762	1776	social support	T054	C0037438
28070803	1781	1790	emotional	T041	C0013987
28070803	1802	1823	cognitive functioning	T041	C0392335

28070808|t|Combined positive effect of oocyte extracts and brilliant cresyl blue stained recipient cytoplasts on epigenetic reprogramming and gene expression in buffalo nuclear transfer embryos
28070808|a|This study examined the effects of buffalo oocyte extracts (BOE) on donor cells reprogramming and molecular characterisation of oocytes screened via brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining and comparison of gene expression profiles of developmentally important genes in blastocysts from IVF and cloned derived from BOE treated donor cells with BCB selected recipient cytoplasts. Relative abundance (RA) of OCT4 and NANOG was increased (P < 0.05) and HDAC-1, DNMT-1, and DNMT-3A decreased (P < 0.05) in extract treated cells (ETCs). This ETCs dedifferentiated into neuron -like lineage under appropriate induction condition. The RA of NASP, EEF1A1, DNMT1, ODC1 and RPS27A was increased (P < 0.05) in BCB + oocytes, whereas ATP5A1 and S100A10 increased (P < 0.05) in BCB - oocytes. Total cell number and RA of OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, DNMT1, IGF2, IGF2R, MNSOD, GLUT1, BAX and BCL2 in cloned blastocysts derived from BCB + oocytes with ETC more closely followed that of IVF counterparts compared to BCB + oocytes with extract untreated cell and BCB - oocytes with ETC derived blastocysts. In conclusion, BOE influenced epigenetic reprogramming of buffalo fibroblasts making them suitable donors for nuclear transfer (NT). BCB staining can be effectively used for selection of developmentally competent oocytes for NT. The combined effects of epigenetic reprogramming of donor nuclei by BOE and higher nuclear reprogramming capacity of BCB + oocytes improve developmentally important gene expression in cloned blastocysts. Whether these improvements have long-term effects on buffalo calves born following embryo transfer remains unknown.
28070808	9	27	positive effect of	T033	C0243095
28070808	28	34	oocyte	T025	C0029045
28070808	35	43	extracts	T026	C0007592
28070808	48	77	brilliant cresyl blue stained	T059	C1318930
28070808	88	98	cytoplasts	T025	C0007634
28070808	102	126	epigenetic reprogramming	T062	C1721050
28070808	131	146	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28070808	150	157	buffalo	T015	C0006352
28070808	158	174	nuclear transfer	T043	C0872070
28070808	175	182	embryos	T018	C0013935
28070808	207	217	effects of	T080	C1704420
28070808	218	225	buffalo	T015	C0006352
28070808	226	232	oocyte	T025	C0029045
28070808	233	241	extracts	T026	C0007592
28070808	243	246	BOE	T026	C0007592
28070808	251	276	donor cells reprogramming	T043	C3850096
28070808	281	307	molecular characterisation	T063	C1513380
28070808	311	318	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28070808	332	368	brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) staining	T059	C1318930
28070808	387	411	gene expression profiles	T081	C1956267
28070808	415	430	developmentally	T080	C0458003
28070808	441	446	genes	T028	C0017337
28070808	450	461	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
28070808	467	470	IVF	T061	C0015915
28070808	475	481	cloned	T025	C0009013
28070808	495	498	BOE	T026	C0007592
28070808	499	506	treated	T169	C1522326
28070808	507	518	donor cells	T025	C0007634
28070808	524	527	BCB	T109,T130	C0054052
28070808	547	557	cytoplasts	T025	C0007634
28070808	559	577	Relative abundance	T080	C2346714
28070808	579	581	RA	T080	C2346714
28070808	586	590	OCT4	T028	C1418768
28070808	595	600	NANOG	T028	C1427164
28070808	630	636	HDAC-1	T028	C1333891
28070808	638	644	DNMT-1	T028	C1414121
28070808	650	657	DNMT-3A	T028	C1414123
28070808	682	703	extract treated cells	T025	C0007634
28070808	705	709	ETCs	T025	C0007634
28070808	717	721	ETCs	T025	C0007634
28070808	722	738	dedifferentiated	T043	C0598087
28070808	744	750	neuron	T025	C0027882
28070808	757	764	lineage	T078	C0282637
28070808	783	802	induction condition	T043	C0013947
28070808	808	810	RA	T080	C2346714
28070808	814	818	NASP	T028	C1417601
28070808	820	826	EEF1A1	T028	C1414270
28070808	828	833	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
28070808	835	839	ODC1	T028	C1417932
28070808	844	850	RPS27A	T028	C1419730
28070808	879	882	BCB	T109,T130	C0054052
28070808	885	892	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28070808	902	908	ATP5A1	T028	C1412647
28070808	913	920	S100A10	T028	C1419782
28070808	945	948	BCB	T109,T130	C0054052
28070808	951	958	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28070808	960	977	Total cell number	T059	C0007584
28070808	982	984	RA	T080	C2346714
28070808	988	992	OCT4	T028	C1418768
28070808	994	999	NANOG	T028	C1427164
28070808	1001	1005	SOX2	T028	C1420322
28070808	1007	1012	DNMT1	T028	C1414121
28070808	1014	1018	IGF2	T028	C1334091
28070808	1020	1025	IGF2R	T028	C1334090
28070808	1027	1032	MNSOD	T028	C1420307
28070808	1034	1039	GLUT1	T028	C1335837
28070808	1041	1044	BAX	T028	C0812198
28070808	1049	1053	BCL2	T028	C0376515
28070808	1057	1063	cloned	T025	C0009013
28070808	1064	1075	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
28070808	1089	1092	BCB	T109,T130	C0054052
28070808	1095	1102	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28070808	1108	1111	ETC	T025	C0007634
28070808	1142	1145	IVF	T061	C0015915
28070808	1171	1174	BCB	T109,T130	C0054052
28070808	1177	1184	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28070808	1190	1212	extract untreated cell	T025	C0007634
28070808	1217	1220	BCB	T109,T130	C0054052
28070808	1223	1230	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28070808	1236	1239	ETC	T025	C0007634
28070808	1248	1259	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
28070808	1276	1279	BOE	T026	C0007592
28070808	1291	1315	epigenetic reprogramming	T062	C1721050
28070808	1319	1326	buffalo	T015	C0006352
28070808	1327	1338	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
28070808	1371	1387	nuclear transfer	T043	C0872070
28070808	1389	1391	NT	T043	C0872070
28070808	1394	1406	BCB staining	T059	C1318930
28070808	1448	1463	developmentally	T080	C0458003
28070808	1474	1481	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28070808	1486	1488	NT	T043	C0872070
28070808	1503	1513	effects of	T080	C1704420
28070808	1514	1538	epigenetic reprogramming	T062	C1721050
28070808	1542	1554	donor nuclei	T026	C0007610
28070808	1558	1561	BOE	T026	C0007592
28070808	1573	1594	nuclear reprogramming	T062	C1721050
28070808	1607	1610	BCB	T109,T130	C0054052
28070808	1613	1620	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28070808	1629	1644	developmentally	T080	C0458003
28070808	1655	1670	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28070808	1674	1680	cloned	T025	C0009013
28070808	1681	1692	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
28070808	1708	1720	improvements	T057	C2936612
28070808	1726	1743	long-term effects	T067	C0023983
28070808	1747	1761	buffalo calves	T015	C3668829
28070808	1762	1766	born	T040	C0005615
28070808	1777	1792	embryo transfer	T061	C0013938

28070811|t|Encaged Chironomus riparius larvae in assessment of trace metal bioavailability and transfer in a landfill leachate collection pond
28070811|a|Household wastes may constitute a vector of environmental contamination when buried, in particular through degradation and production of leachates containing significant trace metal (TM) concentrations that may constitute a serious risk to biota. The objectives of this study were to assess the bioavailability and transfer potential of various TMs present in water and sediments in a reservoir receiving landfill leachates. An active biomonitoring approach was adopted consisting of exposing naive laboratory organisms in cages deployed in the field. Aquatic insects such as Chironomus riparius larvae are good candidates since they represent key organisms in the trophic functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The results show that water, suspended particles, and sediments were significant ly contaminated by various TMs (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). Their contribution to the transfer of TMs depends, however, on the specific element considered, e.g., Cd in sediments or Pb in both suspended particles and sediments. The internal fate of TMs was investigated according to their fractionation between an insoluble and a cytosolic fraction. This approach revealed different detoxification strategies capable of preventing the induction of deleterious effects at the individual scale. However, the accumulation of several TMs in C. riparius larvae tissues may also represent a significant load potentially transferable to higher trophic levels.
28070811	0	7	Encaged	T073	C0337189
28070811	8	27	Chironomus riparius	T204	C1677085
28070811	28	34	larvae	T204	C0023047
28070811	38	48	assessment	T052	C1516048
28070811	52	63	trace metal	T121,T196	C0723796
28070811	64	79	bioavailability	T169	C0470187
28070811	84	92	transfer	T169	C1705822
28070811	98	115	landfill leachate	T131	C1720817
28070811	116	126	collection	T169	C1516698
28070811	127	131	pond	T083	C0337048
28070811	132	141	Household	T056	C0001288
28070811	142	148	wastes	T073,T131	C0018627
28070811	153	163	constitute	T167	C0729650
28070811	166	172	vector	T080	C0205556
28070811	176	203	environmental contamination	T069	C0014419
28070811	209	215	buried	T082	C1254362
28070811	239	250	degradation	T169	C0243125
28070811	269	278	leachates	T131	C1720817
28070811	279	289	containing	T169	C0332256
28070811	290	301	significant	T078	C0750502
28070811	302	313	trace metal	T121,T196	C0723796
28070811	315	317	TM	T121,T196	C0723796
28070811	319	333	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28070811	343	353	constitute	T167	C0729650
28070811	364	368	risk	T078	C0035647
28070811	372	377	biota	T070	C1253910
28070811	383	393	objectives	T170	C0018017
28070811	402	407	study	T062	C2603343
28070811	416	422	assess	T052	C1516048
28070811	427	442	bioavailability	T169	C0470187
28070811	447	455	transfer	T169	C1705822
28070811	456	465	potential	T080	C3245505
28070811	477	480	TMs	T121,T196	C0723796
28070811	481	488	present	T033	C0150312
28070811	492	497	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28070811	502	511	sediments	T070	C0282590
28070811	517	526	reservoir	T083	C0442537
28070811	527	536	receiving	T080	C1514756
28070811	537	555	landfill leachates	T131	C1720817
28070811	560	566	active	T169	C0205177
28070811	567	580	biomonitoring	T057	C0005517
28070811	616	624	exposing	T080	C0443289
28070811	631	651	laboratory organisms	T001	C1517710
28070811	655	660	cages	T073	C0337189
28070811	661	669	deployed	T052	C2825812
28070811	670	682	in the field	T082	C3539073
28070811	684	699	Aquatic insects	T001	C0596121
28070811	708	727	Chironomus riparius	T204	C1677085
28070811	728	734	larvae	T204	C0023047
28070811	766	775	represent	T052	C1882932
28070811	780	789	organisms	T001	C0029235
28070811	797	804	trophic	T070	C0596583
28070811	805	816	functioning	T169	C0542341
28070811	820	838	aquatic ecosystems	T067	C0563034
28070811	844	851	results	T033	C0683954
28070811	862	867	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28070811	869	878	suspended	T169	C1553403
28070811	879	888	particles	T104	C0597177
28070811	894	903	sediments	T070	C0282590
28070811	909	920	significant	T078	C0750502
28070811	924	936	contaminated	T169	C0205279
28070811	948	951	TMs	T121,T196	C0723796
28070811	953	955	As	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
28070811	957	959	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
28070811	961	963	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28070811	965	967	Ni	T123,T196	C0028013
28070811	969	971	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
28070811	977	979	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28070811	988	1000	contribution	T052	C1880177
28070811	1008	1016	transfer	T169	C1705822
28070811	1020	1023	TMs	T121,T196	C0723796
28070811	1049	1057	specific	T080	C0205369
28070811	1058	1065	element	T196	C0013879
28070811	1066	1076	considered	T078	C0750591
28070811	1084	1086	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
28070811	1090	1099	sediments	T070	C0282590
28070811	1103	1105	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
28070811	1114	1123	suspended	T169	C1553403
28070811	1124	1133	particles	T104	C0597177
28070811	1138	1147	sediments	T070	C0282590
28070811	1170	1173	TMs	T121,T196	C0723796
28070811	1178	1190	investigated	T169	C1292732
28070811	1210	1223	fractionation	T059	C0016640
28070811	1235	1244	insoluble	T080	C0205556
28070811	1251	1260	cytosolic	T026	C1820051
28070811	1261	1269	fraction	T081	C1264633
28070811	1285	1293	revealed	T080	C0443289
28070811	1304	1318	detoxification	T061	C0150543
28070811	1319	1329	strategies	T041	C0679199
28070811	1341	1351	preventing	T169	C1292733
28070811	1356	1365	induction	T169	C0205263
28070811	1369	1388	deleterious effects	T046	C0879626
28070811	1396	1406	individual	T098	C0237401
28070811	1407	1412	scale	T077	C1522412
28070811	1427	1439	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28070811	1451	1454	TMs	T121,T196	C0723796
28070811	1458	1469	C. riparius	T204	C1677085
28070811	1470	1476	larvae	T204	C0023047
28070811	1477	1484	tissues	T024	C0040300
28070811	1494	1503	represent	T052	C1882932
28070811	1506	1517	significant	T078	C0750502
28070811	1523	1534	potentially	T080	C3245505
28070811	1535	1547	transferable	T169	C1705822
28070811	1551	1557	higher	T080	C0205250
28070811	1558	1565	trophic	T070	C0596583
28070811	1566	1572	levels	T080	C0441889

28071018|t|Effect of roasting degree on the antioxidant activity of different Arabica coffee quality classes
28071018|a|Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages in the world, because of its unique sensory properties and physiological properties. Coffee beverages represent a significant source of antioxidants in the consumers' diet and contribute significantly to their daily intake. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of different roasting degrees on the content of biologically active compounds and antioxidant activity in different quality classes of Arabica coffee. Samples of green Arabica coffee (Rio Minas) of two quality classes from two production batches were used for the research. Roasting was carried out at temperatures of 167, 175 and 171°C. The total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), flavonol content (FC) and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS) in the coffee extracts was determined. This research shows that TPC was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in green coffee compared to TPC in roasted coffee, and TPC decreases as the roasting temperature increases. TFC and FC were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in green coffee than in roasted coffee. Differences in TPC between the 1st and 2nd classes of Arabica coffee were not significant (P > 0.05), while differences in TFC were significant (P < 0.05) only for green coffee from the second production batch and differences in FC were significant (P < 0.05) for green coffee and for coffee roasted at 175°C. Roasting temperatures have different influences the antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS) of coffee and the highest antioxidant activity was determined in coffee roasted at 171°C. An exception was 1st class Arabica coffee roasted at 167°C (ABTS). All samples of 1st class Arabica coffee had higher antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS) compared to 2nd class Arabica. This research shows that the bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity of different quality classes of Arabica coffee are dependent on the degree of roasting. TPC decreases when the roasting temperature increases, while TFC and FC also increase. These results indicate that the antioxidant activity of coffee depends on a variety of bioactive components in coffee beans. Antioxidant activity largely depends on the class of coffee. The coffee samples of 1stclass quality (maximum 8 black beans /300 g from the sample and large bean size) had higher antioxidant activity compared to samples of 2nd quality class (maximum 19 black beans /300 g in the sample and medium-sized beans).
28071018	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
28071018	10	18	roasting	T067	C1254366
28071018	19	25	degree	T081	C0439237
28071018	33	53	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28071018	57	66	different	T080	C1705242
28071018	67	74	Arabica	T002	C0521087
28071018	75	81	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	82	89	quality	T080	C0332306
28071018	90	97	classes	T170	C0456387
28071018	98	104	Coffee	T168	C0009237
28071018	140	149	beverages	T168	C0005329
28071018	179	185	unique	T080	C1710548
28071018	186	193	sensory	T080	C0445254
28071018	194	204	properties	T080	C0871161
28071018	209	222	physiological	T169	C0205463
28071018	223	233	properties	T080	C0871161
28071018	235	241	Coffee	T168	C0009237
28071018	242	251	beverages	T168	C0005329
28071018	264	275	significant	T078	C0750502
28071018	276	282	source	T033	C0449416
28071018	286	298	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
28071018	306	316	consumers'	T098	C1707496
28071018	317	321	diet	T168	C0012155
28071018	337	350	significantly	T078	C0750502
28071018	360	365	daily	T079	C0332173
28071018	366	372	intake	T169	C1512806
28071018	390	398	research	T062	C0035168
28071018	406	417	investigate	T169	C1292732
28071018	422	428	effect	T080	C1280500
28071018	432	441	different	T080	C1705242
28071018	442	450	roasting	T067	C1254366
28071018	451	458	degrees	T081	C0439237
28071018	466	473	content	T081	C1264655
28071018	477	506	biologically active compounds	T123	C0574031
28071018	511	531	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28071018	535	544	different	T080	C1705242
28071018	545	552	quality	T080	C0332306
28071018	553	560	classes	T170	C0456387
28071018	564	571	Arabica	T002	C0521087
28071018	572	578	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	591	604	green Arabica	T002	C0521087
28071018	605	611	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	613	622	Rio Minas	T002	C0521087
28071018	631	638	quality	T080	C0332306
28071018	639	646	classes	T170	C0456387
28071018	656	666	production	T057	C0033268
28071018	667	674	batches	T081	C1948031
28071018	693	701	research	T062	C0035168
28071018	703	711	Roasting	T067	C1254366
28071018	731	743	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28071018	771	776	total	T080	C0439810
28071018	777	783	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
28071018	784	791	content	T081	C1264655
28071018	793	796	TPC	T109,T121	C0070570
28071018	799	804	total	T080	C0439810
28071018	805	814	flavonoid	T109	C0596577
28071018	815	822	content	T081	C1264655
28071018	824	827	TFC	T109	C0596577
28071018	830	838	flavonol	T109,T121	C0060444
28071018	839	846	content	T081	C1264655
28071018	848	850	FC	T109,T121	C0060444
28071018	856	876	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28071018	878	882	DPPH	T109	C2936710
28071018	884	888	ABTS	T109,T130	C0045246
28071018	897	912	coffee extracts	T109,T121	C2684473
28071018	917	927	determined	T080	C0521095
28071018	934	942	research	T062	C0035168
28071018	954	957	TPC	T109,T121	C0070570
28071018	962	982	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28071018	997	1009	green coffee	T109,T121	C2684473
28071018	1010	1018	compared	T052	C1707455
28071018	1022	1025	TPC	T109,T121	C0070570
28071018	1029	1043	roasted coffee	T109,T121	C0885237
28071018	1049	1052	TPC	T109,T121	C0070570
28071018	1053	1062	decreases	T081	C0547047
28071018	1070	1078	roasting	T067	C1254366
28071018	1079	1090	temperature	T081	C0039476
28071018	1091	1100	increases	T081	C0205217
28071018	1102	1105	TFC	T109	C0596577
28071018	1110	1112	FC	T109,T121	C0060444
28071018	1118	1137	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28071018	1152	1164	green coffee	T109,T121	C2684473
28071018	1173	1187	roasted coffee	T109,T121	C0885237
28071018	1189	1200	Differences	T080	C1705242
28071018	1204	1207	TPC	T109,T121	C0070570
28071018	1232	1239	classes	T170	C0456387
28071018	1243	1250	Arabica	T002	C0521087
28071018	1251	1257	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	1263	1278	not significant	T033	C1273937
28071018	1297	1308	differences	T080	C1705242
28071018	1312	1315	TFC	T109	C0596577
28071018	1321	1332	significant	T078	C0750502
28071018	1353	1365	green coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	1382	1392	production	T057	C0033268
28071018	1393	1398	batch	T081	C1948031
28071018	1403	1414	differences	T080	C1705242
28071018	1418	1420	FC	T109,T121	C0060444
28071018	1426	1437	significant	T078	C0750502
28071018	1453	1465	green coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	1474	1480	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	1481	1488	roasted	T067	C1254366
28071018	1499	1507	Roasting	T067	C1254366
28071018	1508	1520	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28071018	1526	1535	different	T080	C1705242
28071018	1536	1546	influences	T077	C4054723
28071018	1551	1571	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28071018	1573	1577	DPPH	T109	C2936710
28071018	1579	1583	ABTS	T109,T130	C0045246
28071018	1588	1594	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	1611	1631	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28071018	1650	1656	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	1657	1664	roasted	T067	C1254366
28071018	1692	1701	1st class	T170	C0456387
28071018	1702	1709	Arabica	T002	C0521087
28071018	1710	1716	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	1717	1724	roasted	T067	C1254366
28071018	1735	1739	ABTS	T109,T130	C0045246
28071018	1746	1753	samples	T167	C0444315
28071018	1757	1766	1st class	T170	C0456387
28071018	1767	1774	Arabica	T002	C0521087
28071018	1775	1781	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	1793	1813	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28071018	1815	1819	DPPH	T109	C2936710
28071018	1821	1825	ABTS	T109,T130	C0045246
28071018	1843	1848	class	T170	C0456387
28071018	1849	1856	Arabica	T002	C0521087
28071018	1863	1871	research	T062	C0035168
28071018	1887	1906	bioactive compounds	T167	C3714412
28071018	1907	1914	content	T081	C1264655
28071018	1919	1939	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28071018	1943	1952	different	T080	C1705242
28071018	1953	1960	quality	T080	C0332306
28071018	1961	1968	classes	T170	C0456387
28071018	1972	1979	Arabica	T002	C0521087
28071018	1980	1986	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	2008	2014	degree	T081	C0439237
28071018	2018	2026	roasting	T067	C1254366
28071018	2028	2031	TPC	T109,T121	C0070570
28071018	2032	2041	decreases	T081	C0547047
28071018	2051	2059	roasting	T067	C1254366
28071018	2060	2071	temperature	T081	C0039476
28071018	2072	2081	increases	T081	C0205217
28071018	2089	2092	TFC	T109	C0596577
28071018	2097	2099	FC	T109,T121	C0060444
28071018	2105	2113	increase	T169	C0442805
28071018	2147	2167	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28071018	2171	2177	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	2202	2222	bioactive components	T167	C3714412
28071018	2226	2238	coffee beans	T168	C1440480
28071018	2240	2260	Antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28071018	2284	2289	class	T170	C0456387
28071018	2293	2299	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	2305	2311	coffee	T168	C1440480
28071018	2312	2319	samples	T167	C0444315
28071018	2323	2331	1stclass	T170	C0456387
28071018	2332	2339	quality	T080	C0332306
28071018	2351	2362	black beans	T168	C1440480
28071018	2379	2385	sample	T167	C0444315
28071018	2396	2405	bean size	T082	C0456389
28071018	2418	2438	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28071018	2451	2458	samples	T167	C0444315
28071018	2466	2473	quality	T080	C0332306
28071018	2474	2479	class	T170	C0456387
28071018	2492	2503	black beans	T168	C1440480
28071018	2518	2524	sample	T167	C0444315
28071018	2529	2541	medium-sized	T082	C0456389
28071018	2542	2547	beans	T168	C1440480

28071754|t|Far-infrared protects vascular endothelial cells from advanced glycation end products - induced injury via PLZF -mediated autophagy in diabetic mice
28071754|a|The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetic patients induces vascular endothelial injury. Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF) is a transcription factor that can be activated by low-temperature far-infrared (FIR) irradiation to exert beneficial effects on the vascular endothelium. In the present study, we investigated the influence of FIR - induced PLZF activation on AGE - induced endothelial injury both in vitro and in vivo. FIR irradiation inhibited AGE - induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). PLZF activation increased the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3K), which are important kinases in the autophagic signaling pathway. FIR - induced PLZF activation led to autophagy in HUVEC, which was mediated through the upregulation of PI3K. Immunofluorescence staining showed that AGEs were engulfed by HUVECs and localized to lysosomes. FIR - induced autophagy promoted AGEs degradation in HUVECs. In nicotinamide / streptozotocin - induced diabetic mice, FIR therapy reduced serum AGEs and AGEs deposition at the vascular endothelium. FIR therapy also reduced diabetes - induced inflammatory markers in the vascular endothelium and improved vascular endothelial function. These protective effects of FIR therapy were not found in PLZF - knockout mice. Our data suggest that FIR - induced PLZF activation in vascular endothelial cells protects the vascular endothelium in diabetic mice from AGE - induced injury.
28071754	0	12	Far-infrared	T070	C1289903
28071754	13	21	protects	T033	C1545588
28071754	22	48	vascular endothelial cells	T025	C1257792
28071754	54	85	advanced glycation end products	T109,T123	C0162574
28071754	88	95	induced	T169	C0205263
28071754	96	102	injury	T037	C0178314
28071754	107	111	PLZF	T116,T123	C1674035
28071754	122	131	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28071754	135	148	diabetic mice	T015	C0085243
28071754	169	200	advanced glycation end products	T109,T123	C0162574
28071754	202	206	AGEs	T109,T123	C0162574
28071754	211	219	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28071754	220	228	patients	T101	C0030705
28071754	229	236	induces	T169	C0205263
28071754	237	257	vascular endothelial	T024	C0014261
28071754	258	264	injury	T037	C0178314
28071754	266	308	Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein	T116,T123	C1674035
28071754	310	314	PLZF	T116,T123	C1674035
28071754	321	341	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28071754	354	363	activated	T039	C2253861
28071754	367	382	low-temperature	T070	C0009264
28071754	383	395	far-infrared	T070	C1289903
28071754	397	400	FIR	T070	C1289903
28071754	402	413	irradiation	T070	C1282930
28071754	417	441	exert beneficial effects	T038	C3714634
28071754	449	469	vascular endothelium	T024	C0014261
28071754	486	491	study	T062	C2603343
28071754	496	508	investigated	T169	C1292732
28071754	513	522	influence	T077	C4054723
28071754	526	529	FIR	T070	C1289903
28071754	532	539	induced	T169	C0205263
28071754	540	544	PLZF	T116,T123	C1674035
28071754	545	555	activation	T039	C2253861
28071754	559	562	AGE	T109,T123	C0162574
28071754	565	572	induced	T169	C0205263
28071754	573	584	endothelial	T024	C0014261
28071754	585	591	injury	T037	C0178314
28071754	592	596	both	T080	C1706086
28071754	597	605	in vitro	T062	C0681828
28071754	610	617	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28071754	619	622	FIR	T070	C1289903
28071754	623	634	irradiation	T070	C1282930
28071754	635	644	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28071754	645	648	AGE	T109,T123	C0162574
28071754	651	658	induced	T169	C0205263
28071754	659	668	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28071754	672	710	human umbilical vein endothelial cells	T025	C3179121
28071754	712	718	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
28071754	721	725	PLZF	T116,T123	C1674035
28071754	726	736	activation	T039	C2253861
28071754	737	746	increased	T081	C0205217
28071754	751	761	expression	T045	C1171362
28071754	765	795	phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases	T116,T126	C2936824
28071754	797	801	PI3K	T116,T126	C2936824
28071754	814	823	important	T080	C3898777
28071754	824	831	kinases	T116,T126	C0031727
28071754	839	849	autophagic	T043	C0004391
28071754	850	867	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28071754	869	872	FIR	T070	C1289903
28071754	875	882	induced	T169	C0205263
28071754	883	887	PLZF	T116,T123	C1674035
28071754	888	898	activation	T039	C2253861
28071754	906	915	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28071754	919	924	HUVEC	T025	C3179121
28071754	945	952	through	T169	C0332273
28071754	957	969	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28071754	973	977	PI3K	T116,T126	C2936824
28071754	979	997	Immunofluorescence	T059	C0016318
28071754	998	1006	staining	T059	C0487602
28071754	1019	1023	AGEs	T109,T123	C0162574
28071754	1041	1047	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
28071754	1052	1061	localized	T082	C0392752
28071754	1065	1074	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
28071754	1076	1079	FIR	T070	C1289903
28071754	1082	1089	induced	T169	C0205263
28071754	1090	1099	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28071754	1100	1108	promoted	T052	C0033414
28071754	1109	1113	AGEs	T109,T123	C0162574
28071754	1114	1125	degradation	T169	C0243125
28071754	1129	1135	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
28071754	1140	1152	nicotinamide	T109,T121,T127	C0028027
28071754	1155	1169	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
28071754	1172	1179	induced	T169	C0205263
28071754	1180	1193	diabetic mice	T015	C0085243
28071754	1195	1198	FIR	T070	C1289903
28071754	1199	1206	therapy	T061	C0087111
28071754	1207	1214	reduced	T080	C0392756
28071754	1215	1225	serum AGEs	T116	C0217068
28071754	1230	1234	AGEs	T109,T123	C0162574
28071754	1235	1245	deposition	T169	C0333562
28071754	1253	1273	vascular endothelium	T024	C0014261
28071754	1275	1278	FIR	T070	C1289903
28071754	1279	1286	therapy	T061	C0087111
28071754	1292	1299	reduced	T080	C0392756
28071754	1300	1308	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28071754	1311	1318	induced	T169	C0205263
28071754	1319	1339	inflammatory markers	T033	C4087233
28071754	1347	1367	vascular endothelium	T024	C0014261
28071754	1372	1380	improved	T033	C0184511
28071754	1381	1401	vascular endothelial	T024	C0014261
28071754	1402	1410	function	T042	C1254358
28071754	1418	1436	protective effects	T039	C3179279
28071754	1440	1443	FIR	T070	C1289903
28071754	1444	1451	therapy	T061	C0087111
28071754	1457	1466	not found	T033	C0442737
28071754	1470	1474	PLZF	T116,T123	C1674035
28071754	1477	1490	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
28071754	1496	1500	data	T078	C1511726
28071754	1501	1508	suggest	T078	C1705535
28071754	1514	1517	FIR	T070	C1289903
28071754	1520	1527	induced	T169	C0205263
28071754	1528	1532	PLZF	T116,T123	C1674035
28071754	1533	1543	activation	T039	C2253861
28071754	1547	1573	vascular endothelial cells	T025	C1257792
28071754	1587	1607	vascular endothelium	T024	C0014261
28071754	1611	1624	diabetic mice	T015	C0085243
28071754	1630	1633	AGE	T109,T123	C0162574
28071754	1636	1643	induced	T169	C0205263
28071754	1644	1650	injury	T037	C0178314

28072457|t|Effects of Binge-Like Ethanol Exposure During Adolescence on the Febrile Response in Rats
28072457|a|Ethanol (EtOH) exposure during different phases of life may increase the risk of infections and cause alterations in the central nervous system. The present study investigated the effects of binge-like EtOH exposure in adolescent rats on the febrile response that was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Male rats were exposed to EtOH from postnatal days 25 to 38 in a binge-like pattern. Fever was induced by LPS (5 and 50 μg/kg, intraperitoneally) and evaluated on postnatal days 51 and 63, or by IL-β (3 ng) and evaluated on postnatal day 51. Hematological parameters, the status of peritoneal macrophages, and plasma and cerebrospinal IL-1β levels were also evaluated on postnatal day 51. EtOH exposure during adolescence did not alter normal body temperature. However, a significant reduction in the febrile response that was induced by LPS at both doses was observed on postnatal day 51. However, no changes in the febrile response were observed on postnatal day 63 in EtOH-exposed animals. The febrile response that was induced by intracerebroventricular IL-1β also significantly decreased in animals that received binge-like EtOH exposure during adolescence. Acute oral treatment with EtOH 24 h prior to LPS administration did not alter the febrile response that was induced by LPS. Binge-like EtOH exposure during adolescence did not alter hematological parameters or the number or viability of peritoneal macrophages. Binge-like EtOH exposure did not alter plasma IL-1β levels but reduced the cerebrospinal fluid levels of this cytokine. These results suggest that binge-like EtOH exposure during adolescence causes changes in the central nervous system that can impair the febrile response that can be observed after the cessation of EtOH exposure. These changes were reversible and appeared to involve the LPS / IL-1β system.
28072457	11	21	Binge-Like	T055	C0556346
28072457	22	38	Ethanol Exposure	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	46	57	Adolescence	T079	C0001578
28072457	65	72	Febrile	T184	C0015967
28072457	73	81	Response	T032	C0871261
28072457	85	89	Rats	T015	C0034721
28072457	90	113	Ethanol (EtOH) exposure	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	131	137	phases	T079	C0205390
28072457	141	145	life	T078	C0376558
28072457	163	181	risk of infections	T033	C0582147
28072457	192	203	alterations	T078	C1515926
28072457	211	233	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
28072457	281	291	binge-like	T055	C0556346
28072457	292	305	EtOH exposure	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	309	319	adolescent	T079	C0001578
28072457	320	324	rats	T015	C0034721
28072457	332	339	febrile	T184	C0015967
28072457	340	348	response	T032	C0871261
28072457	369	387	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28072457	389	392	LPS	T109	C0023810
28072457	398	412	interleukin-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28072457	414	419	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28072457	427	431	rats	T015	C0034721
28072457	437	452	exposed to EtOH	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	458	472	postnatal days	T079	C0443281
28072457	487	497	binge-like	T055	C0556346
28072457	507	512	Fever	T184	C0015967
28072457	528	531	LPS	T109	C0023810
28072457	549	566	intraperitoneally	T082	C0442120
28072457	585	599	postnatal days	T079	C0443281
28072457	617	621	IL-β	T116,T129	C0021753
28072457	646	659	postnatal day	T079	C0443281
28072457	664	677	Hematological	T091	C0018943
28072457	704	726	peritoneal macrophages	T025	C0206190
28072457	732	738	plasma	T031	C0032105
28072457	743	756	cerebrospinal	T169	C0007807
28072457	757	762	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28072457	763	769	levels	T080	C0441889
28072457	793	806	postnatal day	T079	C0443281
28072457	811	824	EtOH exposure	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	832	843	adolescence	T079	C0001578
28072457	858	881	normal body temperature	T033	C0231262
28072457	923	930	febrile	T184	C0015967
28072457	931	939	response	T032	C0871261
28072457	960	963	LPS	T109	C0023810
28072457	994	1003	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28072457	1039	1046	febrile	T184	C0015967
28072457	1047	1055	response	T032	C0871261
28072457	1073	1086	postnatal day	T079	C0443281
28072457	1093	1105	EtOH-exposed	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	1106	1113	animals	T015	C0034721
28072457	1119	1126	febrile	T184	C0015967
28072457	1127	1135	response	T032	C0871261
28072457	1156	1179	intracerebroventricular	T082	C0595818
28072457	1180	1185	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28072457	1218	1225	animals	T015	C0034721
28072457	1240	1250	binge-like	T055	C0556346
28072457	1251	1264	EtOH exposure	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	1272	1283	adolescence	T079	C0001578
28072457	1285	1305	Acute oral treatment	T169	C1527415
28072457	1311	1315	EtOH	T109,T121	C0001962
28072457	1330	1333	LPS	T109	C0023810
28072457	1334	1348	administration	T061	C1533734
28072457	1367	1374	febrile	T184	C0015967
28072457	1375	1383	response	T032	C0871261
28072457	1404	1407	LPS	T109	C0023810
28072457	1409	1419	Binge-like	T055	C0556346
28072457	1420	1433	EtOH exposure	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	1441	1452	adolescence	T079	C0001578
28072457	1467	1480	hematological	T091	C0018943
28072457	1509	1518	viability	T043	C0007620
28072457	1522	1544	peritoneal macrophages	T025	C0206190
28072457	1546	1556	Binge-like	T055	C0556346
28072457	1557	1570	EtOH exposure	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	1585	1591	plasma	T031	C0032105
28072457	1592	1597	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28072457	1598	1604	levels	T080	C0441889
28072457	1621	1640	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
28072457	1641	1647	levels	T080	C0441889
28072457	1656	1664	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28072457	1693	1703	binge-like	T055	C0556346
28072457	1704	1717	EtOH exposure	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	1725	1736	adolescence	T079	C0001578
28072457	1759	1781	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
28072457	1802	1809	febrile	T184	C0015967
28072457	1810	1818	response	T032	C0871261
28072457	1850	1859	cessation	T052	C1880019
28072457	1863	1876	EtOH exposure	UnknownType	C0814017
28072457	1936	1939	LPS	T109	C0023810
28072457	1942	1947	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753

28072576|t|Ultrasonic computed tomography imaging of iron oxide nanoparticles
28072576|a|Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are becoming increasingly used and intensively investigated in the field of medical imaging. They are currently FDA approved for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and it would be highly desirable to visualize them by ultrasound as well. Previous reports using the conventional ultrasound B-scan (pulse-echo) imaging technique have shown very limited detectability of these particles. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility of imaging IONPs using the through-transmission ultrasound methodology and demonstrate their detectability using ultrasonic computed tomography (UCT). Commercially available IONPs were acoustically analysed to quantify their effect on the speed of sound (SOS) and acoustic attenuation as a function of concentration. Next, through-transmission projection and UCT imaging were performed on a breast mimicking phantom and on an ex vivo tissue model, to which IONPs were injected. Finally, an MRI scan was performed to verify that the same particles examined in the ultrasound experiment can be imaged by magnetic resonance, using the same clinically relevant concentrations. The results have shown a consistent concentration dependent speed of sound increase (1.86 [Formula: see text] rise per 100 µg · ml(-1) IONPs). Imaging based on this property has shown a substantial contrast-to-noise ratio improvement (up to 5 fold, p < 0.01). The SOS -related effect generated a well discernible image contrast and allowed the detection of the particles existence and location, in both raster-scan projection and UCT imaging. Conversely, no significant change in the acoustic attenuation coefficient was noted. Based on these findings, it is concluded that IONPs can be used as an effective SOS - based contrast agent, potentially useful for ultrasonic breast imaging. Furthermore, the particle offers the capacity of significantly enhancing diagnosis accuracy using multimodal MRI - ultrasound imaging capabilities.
28072576	0	38	Ultrasonic computed tomography imaging	T060	C0729619
28072576	42	66	iron oxide nanoparticles	T130,T197	C3652446
28072576	67	91	Iron oxide nanoparticles	T130,T197	C3652446
28072576	93	98	IONPs	T130,T197	C3652446
28072576	113	125	increasingly	T169	C0442805
28072576	135	159	intensively investigated	T169	C1292732
28072576	167	172	field	T077	C1521738
28072576	176	191	medical imaging	T060	C0025086
28072576	202	211	currently	T079	C0521116
28072576	212	215	FDA	T093	C0041714
28072576	216	224	approved	T080	C0205540
28072576	229	255	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28072576	257	260	MRI	T060	C0024485
28072576	279	285	highly	T080	C0205250
28072576	299	308	visualize	T169	C0234621
28072576	317	327	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28072576	337	345	Previous	T079	C0205156
28072576	346	353	reports	T170	C0684224
28072576	364	376	conventional	T080	C0439858
28072576	377	425	ultrasound B-scan (pulse-echo) imaging technique	T060	C0203325
28072576	442	449	limited	T169	C0439801
28072576	450	463	detectability	T201	C3830527
28072576	473	482	particles	T104	C0597177
28072576	488	491	aim	T078	C1947946
28072576	500	505	study	T062	C0681814
28072576	524	535	feasibility	T080	C3827682
28072576	539	546	imaging	T060	C0011923
28072576	547	552	IONPs	T130,T197	C3652446
28072576	563	606	through-transmission ultrasound methodology	T078	C3266812
28072576	649	679	ultrasonic computed tomography	T060	C0430022
28072576	681	684	UCT	T060	C0430022
28072576	710	715	IONPs	T130,T197	C3652446
28072576	721	733	acoustically	T070	C0001166
28072576	734	742	analysed	T062	C0936012
28072576	746	754	quantify	T081	C1709793
28072576	761	767	effect	T080	C1280500
28072576	775	780	speed	T081	C0678536
28072576	784	789	sound	T070	C0037709
28072576	791	794	SOS	T070	C0037709
28072576	800	808	acoustic	T070	C0001166
28072576	809	820	attenuation	T052	C0599946
28072576	826	834	function	T169	C0542341
28072576	838	851	concentration	T081	C1446561
28072576	859	890	through-transmission projection	T060	C0430022
28072576	895	906	UCT imaging	T060	C0729619
28072576	912	921	performed	T169	C0884358
28072576	927	933	breast	T023	C0006141
28072576	927	951	breast mimicking phantom	T170	C0597204
28072576	962	969	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28072576	962	982	ex vivo tissue model	T050	C1519523
28072576	993	998	IONPs	T130,T197	C3652446
28072576	1026	1034	MRI scan	T060	C0024485
28072576	1039	1048	performed	T169	C0884358
28072576	1052	1058	verify	T169	C1711411
28072576	1073	1082	particles	T104	C0597177
28072576	1083	1091	examined	T033	C0332128
28072576	1099	1109	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28072576	1110	1120	experiment	T062	C0681814
28072576	1128	1134	imaged	T170	C1704254
28072576	1138	1156	magnetic resonance	T070	C0917874
28072576	1173	1192	clinically relevant	T080	C2347946
28072576	1193	1207	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28072576	1213	1220	results	T033	C0683954
28072576	1234	1244	consistent	T078	C0332290
28072576	1245	1258	concentration	T081	C1446561
28072576	1259	1268	dependent	T169	C3244310
28072576	1269	1274	speed	T081	C0678536
28072576	1278	1283	sound	T070	C0037709
28072576	1284	1292	increase	T169	C0442805
28072576	1344	1349	IONPs	T130,T197	C3652446
28072576	1352	1359	Imaging	T060	C0011923
28072576	1360	1365	based	T169	C1527178
28072576	1374	1382	property	T080	C0871161
28072576	1395	1430	substantial contrast-to-noise ratio	T081	C0392762
28072576	1431	1442	improvement	T077	C2986411
28072576	1473	1476	SOS	T070	C0037709
28072576	1486	1492	effect	T080	C1280500
28072576	1510	1521	discernible	T080	C0205396
28072576	1522	1527	image	T170	C1704254
28072576	1528	1536	contrast	T080	C1979874
28072576	1553	1562	detection	T033	C0442726
28072576	1570	1579	particles	T104	C0597177
28072576	1580	1589	existence	T081	C1547035
28072576	1594	1602	location	T082	C0450429
28072576	1607	1611	both	T080	C1706086
28072576	1612	1634	raster-scan projection	T060	C0430022
28072576	1639	1650	UCT imaging	T060	C0729619
28072576	1667	1678	significant	T078	C0750502
28072576	1679	1685	change	T169	C0392747
28072576	1693	1701	acoustic	T070	C0001166
28072576	1702	1725	attenuation coefficient	T081	C2986722
28072576	1730	1735	noted	T080	C4288581
28072576	1737	1742	Based	T169	C1527178
28072576	1752	1760	findings	T033	C0243095
28072576	1768	1777	concluded	T078	C1707478
28072576	1783	1788	IONPs	T130,T197	C3652446
28072576	1807	1816	effective	T080	C1704419
28072576	1817	1820	SOS	T070	C0037709
28072576	1823	1828	based	T169	C1527178
28072576	1829	1843	contrast agent	T130	C0009924
28072576	1845	1863	potentially useful	T080	C3827682
28072576	1868	1878	ultrasonic	T070	C1456803
28072576	1879	1885	breast	T023	C0006141
28072576	1886	1893	imaging	T060	C0011923
28072576	1912	1920	particle	T104	C0597177
28072576	1932	1940	capacity	T081	C1516240
28072576	1944	1967	significantly enhancing	T052	C2349975
28072576	1968	1986	diagnosis accuracy	T080	C0598285
28072576	1993	2003	multimodal	T060	C1513743
28072576	2004	2007	MRI	T060	C0024485
28072576	2010	2028	ultrasound imaging	T060	C0041618
28072576	2029	2041	capabilities	T080	C2698977

28072584|t|Verification of respiratory-gated radiotherapy with new real-time tumour -tracking radiotherapy system using cine EPID images and a log file
28072584|a|A combined system comprising the TrueBeam linear accelerator and a new real-time tumour -tracking radiotherapy system, SyncTraX, was installed at our institution. The objectives of this study are to develop a method for the verification of respiratory-gated radiotherapy with SyncTraX using cine electronic portal image device (EPID) images and a log file and to verify this treatment in clinical cases. Respiratory-gated radiotherapy was performed using TrueBeam and the SyncTraX system. Cine EPID images and a log file were acquired for a phantom and three patients during the course of the treatment. Digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) were created for each treatment beam using a planning CT set. The cine EPID images, log file, and DRRs were analysed using a developed software. For the phantom case, the accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated to verify the respiratory-gated radiotherapy. For the clinical cases, the intra- and inter-fractional variations of the fiducial marker used as an internal surrogate were calculated to evaluate the gating accuracy and set-up uncertainty in the superior - inferior (SI), anterior-posterior (AP), and left-right (LR) directions. The proposed method achieved high accuracy for the phantom verification. For the clinical cases, the intra- and inter-fractional variations of the fiducial marker were ⩽3 mm and ±3 mm in the SI, AP, and LR directions. We proposed a method for the verification of respiratory-gated radiotherapy with SyncTraX using cine EPID images and a log file and showed that this treatment is performed with high accuracy in clinical cases.
28072584	0	12	Verification	T169	C1711411
28072584	16	46	respiratory-gated radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28072584	56	102	real-time tumour -tracking radiotherapy system	T074	C0302617
28072584	66	72	tumour	T191	C0027651
28072584	109	118	cine EPID	T074	C1512629
28072584	119	125	images	T170	C1704254
28072584	132	140	log file	T170	C0282574
28072584	143	158	combined system	T074	C0302617
28072584	174	201	TrueBeam linear accelerator	T074	C0023730
28072584	212	258	real-time tumour -tracking radiotherapy system	T074	C0302617
28072584	222	228	tumour	T191	C0027651
28072584	260	268	SyncTraX	T074	C0302617
28072584	291	302	institution	T093	C2607850
28072584	327	332	study	T062	C2603343
28072584	350	356	method	T170	C0025663
28072584	365	377	verification	T169	C1711411
28072584	381	411	respiratory-gated radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28072584	417	425	SyncTraX	T074	C0302617
28072584	432	467	cine electronic portal image device	T074	C1512629
28072584	469	473	EPID	T074	C1512629
28072584	475	481	images	T170	C1704254
28072584	488	496	log file	T170	C0282574
28072584	504	510	verify	T169	C1711411
28072584	516	525	treatment	T061	C0087111
28072584	529	543	clinical cases	T077	C1706256
28072584	545	575	Respiratory-gated radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28072584	596	604	TrueBeam	T074	C0023730
28072584	613	628	SyncTraX system	T074	C0302617
28072584	630	639	Cine EPID	T074	C1512629
28072584	640	646	images	T170	C1704254
28072584	653	661	log file	T170	C0282574
28072584	682	689	phantom	T073	C0182239
28072584	700	708	patients	T101	C0030705
28072584	720	726	course	T079	C0750729
28072584	734	743	treatment	T061	C0087111
28072584	745	780	Digitally reconstructed radiographs	T170	C0681493
28072584	782	786	DRRs	T170	C0681493
28072584	810	819	treatment	T061	C0087111
28072584	820	824	beam	T067	C2347880
28072584	833	844	planning CT	T060	C2315395
28072584	845	848	set	T170	C0150098
28072584	854	863	cine EPID	T074	C1512629
28072584	864	870	images	T170	C1704254
28072584	872	880	log file	T170	C0282574
28072584	886	890	DRRs	T170	C0681493
28072584	923	931	software	T170	C3204069
28072584	941	948	phantom	T073	C0182239
28072584	949	953	case	T077	C1706256
28072584	959	967	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28072584	984	990	method	T170	C0025663
28072584	1008	1014	verify	T169	C1711411
28072584	1019	1049	respiratory-gated radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28072584	1059	1073	clinical cases	T077	C1706256
28072584	1079	1117	intra- and inter-fractional variations	T033	C1846356
28072584	1125	1140	fiducial marker	T074	C2826325
28072584	1152	1160	internal	T082	C0205102
28072584	1161	1170	surrogate	T078	C1254370
28072584	1203	1218	gating accuracy	T080	C0443131
28072584	1223	1241	set-up uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28072584	1249	1257	superior	T082	C1282910
28072584	1260	1268	inferior	T082	C0542339
28072584	1270	1272	SI	T082	C1254362
28072584	1275	1293	anterior-posterior	T082	C1999039
28072584	1295	1297	AP	T082	C1999039
28072584	1304	1314	left-right	T082	C0238767
28072584	1316	1318	LR	T082	C0238767
28072584	1320	1330	directions	T082	C0439755
28072584	1345	1351	method	T170	C0025663
28072584	1366	1374	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28072584	1383	1390	phantom	T073	C0182239
28072584	1391	1403	verification	T169	C1711411
28072584	1413	1427	clinical cases	T077	C1706256
28072584	1433	1471	intra- and inter-fractional variations	T033	C1846356
28072584	1479	1494	fiducial marker	T074	C2826325
28072584	1523	1525	SI	T082	C1254362
28072584	1527	1529	AP	T082	C1999039
28072584	1535	1537	LR	T082	C0238767
28072584	1538	1548	directions	T082	C0439755
28072584	1564	1570	method	T170	C0025663
28072584	1579	1591	verification	T169	C1711411
28072584	1595	1625	respiratory-gated radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28072584	1631	1639	SyncTraX	T074	C0302617
28072584	1646	1655	cine EPID	T074	C1512629
28072584	1656	1662	images	T170	C1704254
28072584	1669	1677	log file	T170	C0282574
28072584	1699	1708	treatment	T061	C0087111
28072584	1732	1740	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28072584	1744	1758	clinical cases	T077	C1706256

28072649|t|Is Early Definitive Fixation of Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures Safe? An Observational Cohort Study
28072649|a|The optimal treatment protocol for bicondylar plateau fractures remains controversial. Contrary to popular practice which favors a staged protocol in many high-energy fracture patterns, we have used early single-stage open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to treat these injuries whenever possible. The purpose of this study was to determine the complication rate and the functional and radiographic outcomes of this strategy. Retrospective cohort study and prospective data collection. Level I trauma center. One hundred one patients with 102 OTA/AO type 41-C bicondylar tibial plateau fractures were treated with early definitive ORIF, defined as nonstaged surgery performed within 72 hours from injury. A subset of patients was part of a longitudinal study and reported functional outcomes at 1 year. Early definitive ORIF. Primary outcome: reoperation rate, defined as any surgery within 12 months after the index operation; secondary outcomes: quality and stability of radiographic fracture reduction; and functional outcome [Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and short musculoskeletal functional assessment (SMFA)]. Nonstaged operative treatment of bicondylar plateau fractures was performed in 91.3% of the fractures during the study period. For those, early definitive ORIF (surgery within 72 hours from injury) was performed in 82.3% fractures. Mean time from injury to ORIF, for closed fractures, was 29.8 hours. Sixteen (15.7%) fractures, which were treated with early definitive ORIF, required an additional surgical procedure within 12 months. Complications included wound infection requiring surgical management, compartment syndrome requiring fasciotomies, nonunion, early fixation failure, and implant removal for discomfort. The reoperation rate was 12.7% if implant removal was excluded. At least 3 of the 4 radiographic criteria used to assess the adequacy of reduction were achieved in 95.1% of cases, and all 4 criteria were met in 59.8% of fractures. The Physical Component of the SF-36 at 12 months was 42.6, which is comparable to values reported in previous studies for operative treatment of bicondylar plateau fractures. In a model where surgery is performed without delay by experienced orthopaedic trauma surgeons, a large proportion of bicondylar tibial plateau fractures can be safely treated with early definitive ORIF. Early surgery was associated with satisfactory postoperative radiographic reductions. Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
28072649	3	8	Early	T079	C1279919
28072649	9	28	Definitive Fixation	T061	C0016641
28072649	32	67	Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures	T037	C2861532
28072649	77	90	Observational	T062	C1518527
28072649	91	103	Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
28072649	108	115	optimal	T080	C2698651
28072649	116	134	treatment protocol	T061	C0040808
28072649	139	167	bicondylar plateau fractures	T037	C2861532
28072649	259	279	high-energy fracture	T037	C0016658
28072649	303	308	early	T079	C1279919
28072649	322	358	open reduction and internal fixation	T061	C1297885
28072649	360	364	ORIF	T061	C1297885
28072649	369	374	treat	T169	C1292734
28072649	381	389	injuries	T037	C3263723
28072649	456	468	complication	T046	C0009566
28072649	469	473	rate	T081	C1521828
28072649	482	492	functional	T169	C1274040
28072649	497	509	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28072649	510	518	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28072649	537	563	Retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
28072649	568	579	prospective	T062	C0033522
28072649	580	595	data collection	T062	C0010995
28072649	597	618	Level I trauma center	T073,T093	C0040786
28072649	636	644	patients	T101	C0030705
28072649	671	706	bicondylar tibial plateau fractures	T037	C2861532
28072649	712	724	treated with	T061	C0332293
28072649	725	730	early	T079	C1279919
28072649	731	741	definitive	T079	C0443196
28072649	742	746	ORIF	T061	C1297885
28072649	769	776	surgery	T061	C0543467
28072649	808	814	injury	T037	C3263723
28072649	828	836	patients	T101	C0030705
28072649	851	869	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
28072649	883	902	functional outcomes	T169	C1274040
28072649	914	919	Early	T079	C1279919
28072649	920	930	definitive	T079	C0443196
28072649	931	935	ORIF	T061	C1297885
28072649	937	944	Primary	T080	C0205225
28072649	945	952	outcome	T169	C1274040
28072649	954	965	reoperation	T061	C0035110
28072649	966	970	rate	T081	C1521828
28072649	987	994	surgery	T061	C0543467
28072649	1028	1037	operation	T061	C0543467
28072649	1039	1057	secondary outcomes	T169	C1274040
28072649	1059	1066	quality	T080	C0332306
28072649	1071	1080	stability	T080	C0205360
28072649	1084	1096	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28072649	1097	1115	fracture reduction	T061	C1112432
28072649	1121	1139	functional outcome	T169	C1274040
28072649	1141	1196	Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey	T170	C0451287
28072649	1198	1203	SF-36	T170	C0451287
28072649	1209	1252	short musculoskeletal functional assessment	T170	C0034394
28072649	1254	1258	SMFA	T170	C0034394
28072649	1272	1291	operative treatment	T061	C0543467
28072649	1295	1323	bicondylar plateau fractures	T037	C2861532
28072649	1354	1363	fractures	T037	C0016658
28072649	1400	1405	early	T079	C1279919
28072649	1406	1416	definitive	T079	C0443196
28072649	1417	1421	ORIF	T061	C1297885
28072649	1423	1430	surgery	T061	C0543467
28072649	1452	1458	injury	T037	C3263723
28072649	1483	1492	fractures	T037	C0016658
28072649	1509	1515	injury	T037	C3263723
28072649	1519	1523	ORIF	T061	C1297885
28072649	1529	1545	closed fractures	T037	C0016659
28072649	1579	1588	fractures	T037	C0016658
28072649	1601	1613	treated with	T061	C0332293
28072649	1614	1619	early	T079	C1279919
28072649	1620	1630	definitive	T079	C0443196
28072649	1631	1635	ORIF	T061	C1297885
28072649	1649	1678	additional surgical procedure	T061	C1706711
28072649	1697	1710	Complications	T046	C0009566
28072649	1720	1735	wound infection	T046	C0043241
28072649	1746	1765	surgical management	T058	C1515089
28072649	1767	1787	compartment syndrome	T047	C0009492
28072649	1798	1810	fasciotomies	T061	C0185188
28072649	1812	1820	nonunion	T033	C3897107
28072649	1822	1827	early	T079	C1279919
28072649	1828	1836	fixation	T061	C0589036
28072649	1837	1844	failure	T033	C0162643
28072649	1850	1865	implant removal	T061	C0561946
28072649	1870	1880	discomfort	T184	C0231218
28072649	1886	1897	reoperation	T061	C0035110
28072649	1898	1902	rate	T081	C1521828
28072649	1916	1931	implant removal	T061	C0561946
28072649	1966	1987	radiographic criteria	T170	C1511875
28072649	2007	2028	adequacy of reduction	T061	C0441610
28072649	2072	2080	criteria	T170	C1511875
28072649	2102	2111	fractures	T037	C0016658
28072649	2143	2148	SF-36	T170	C0451287
28072649	2235	2254	operative treatment	T061	C0543467
28072649	2258	2286	bicondylar plateau fractures	T037	C2861532
28072649	2305	2312	surgery	T061	C0543467
28072649	2355	2366	orthopaedic	T091	C0029355
28072649	2367	2382	trauma surgeons	T097	C0586908
28072649	2406	2441	bicondylar tibial plateau fractures	T037	C2861532
28072649	2456	2468	treated with	T061	C0332293
28072649	2469	2474	early	T079	C1279919
28072649	2475	2485	definitive	T079	C0443196
28072649	2486	2490	ORIF	T061	C1297885
28072649	2492	2497	Early	T079	C1279919
28072649	2498	2505	surgery	T061	C0543467
28072649	2539	2552	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28072649	2553	2565	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28072649	2566	2576	reductions	T061	C0441610

28072668|t|Genital and Extragenital Gonorrhea and Chlamydia in Children and Adolescents Evaluated for Sexual Abuse
28072668|a|The aim of this study was to describe the use of a nucleic acid amplification test in detecting genital and extragenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in children and adolescents assessed for sexual abuse / assault. The charts of children aged 0 to 17 years, consecutively evaluated for sexual victimization, in emergency department and outpatient settings were reviewed. Data extracted included age, sex, type of sexual contact, anogenital findings, previous sexual contact, toxicology results, and sites tested for NG and CT. Of the 1319 patients who were tested, 579 were tested at more than 1 site, and 120 had at least 1 infected site. Chlamydia trachomatis was identified in 104 patients, and NG was found in 33. In bivariate analysis, a positive test was associated with female sex, age older than 11 years, previous sexual contact, acute or healed genital injury, drug/alcohol intoxication, and examination within 72 hours of sexual contact. Fifty-one patients had positive anal tests, and 24 had positive oral tests. More than 75% of patients with positive extragenital tests had additional positive tests or anogenital injury. Most with a positive anal (59%) or oral (77%) test did not report that the assailant's genitals came into contact with that site. Positive tests for NG and CT in patients evaluated for sexual victimization may represent infection from sexual contact, contiguous spread of infection, or the presence of infected assailant secretions. Relying on patient reports of symptoms, or types of sexual contact, to determine need for testing may miss NG and CT infections in patients evaluated for sexual victimization.
28072668	0	7	Genital	T047	C2945680
28072668	12	34	Extragenital Gonorrhea	T047	C0018081
28072668	39	48	Chlamydia	T047	C0008149
28072668	52	60	Children	T100	C0008059
28072668	65	76	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
28072668	77	86	Evaluated	T058	C0220825
28072668	91	103	Sexual Abuse	T037	C0282350
28072668	120	125	study	T062	C2603343
28072668	155	186	nucleic acid amplification test	T059	C0200932
28072668	190	199	detecting	T061	C1511790
28072668	200	207	genital	T007	C1993250
28072668	212	246	extragenital Neisseria gonorrhoeae	T007	C1993250
28072668	248	250	NG	T007	C1993250
28072668	256	277	Chlamydia trachomatis	T007	C0008151
28072668	279	281	CT	T007	C0008151
28072668	286	294	children	T100	C0008059
28072668	299	310	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28072668	311	319	assessed	T058	C0184514
28072668	324	336	sexual abuse	T037	C0282350
28072668	339	346	assault	T048	C0237236
28072668	362	370	children	T100	C0008059
28072668	371	375	aged	T032	C0001779
28072668	384	389	years	T079	C0439234
28072668	405	414	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28072668	419	439	sexual victimization	T068	C0376695
28072668	444	464	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28072668	469	488	outpatient settings	T093	C0013966
28072668	504	508	Data	T078	C1511726
28072668	528	531	age	T032	C0001779
28072668	533	536	sex	T032	C0079399
28072668	546	560	sexual contact	T033	C2229923
28072668	562	572	anogenital	T029	C4071900
28072668	573	581	findings	T033	C0243095
28072668	583	591	previous	T079	C0205156
28072668	592	606	sexual contact	T033	C2229923
28072668	608	626	toxicology results	T033	C2348811
28072668	632	637	sites	T082	C0205145
28072668	638	644	tested	T059	C0022885
28072668	649	651	NG	T007	C1993250
28072668	656	658	CT	T007	C0008151
28072668	672	680	patients	T101	C0030705
28072668	690	696	tested	T059	C0022885
28072668	707	713	tested	T059	C0022885
28072668	729	733	site	T082	C0205145
28072668	758	766	infected	T033	C0439663
28072668	767	771	site	T082	C0205145
28072668	773	794	Chlamydia trachomatis	T007	C0008151
28072668	817	825	patients	T101	C0030705
28072668	831	833	NG	T007	C1993250
28072668	854	872	bivariate analysis	UnknownType	C0681927
28072668	894	909	associated with	T080	C0332281
28072668	910	920	female sex	T032	C0086287
28072668	922	925	age	T032	C0001779
28072668	940	945	years	T079	C0439234
28072668	947	955	previous	T079	C0205156
28072668	956	970	sexual contact	T033	C2229923
28072668	981	987	healed	T169	C0205249
28072668	988	1002	genital injury	T037	C0560637
28072668	1004	1029	drug/alcohol intoxication	T033	C4061089
28072668	1035	1046	examination	T058	C0582103
28072668	1057	1062	hours	T079	C0439227
28072668	1066	1080	sexual contact	T033	C2229923
28072668	1092	1100	patients	T101	C0030705
28072668	1105	1113	positive	T033	C1514241
28072668	1114	1118	anal	T023	C0003461
28072668	1119	1124	tests	T059	C0022885
28072668	1137	1145	positive	T033	C1514241
28072668	1146	1150	oral	T082	C0442027
28072668	1151	1156	tests	T059	C0022885
28072668	1175	1183	patients	T101	C0030705
28072668	1189	1197	positive	T033	C1514241
28072668	1198	1216	extragenital tests	T059	C0022885
28072668	1232	1240	positive	T033	C1514241
28072668	1241	1246	tests	T059	C0022885
28072668	1250	1260	anogenital	T029	C4071900
28072668	1261	1267	injury	T037	C0178314
28072668	1281	1289	positive	T033	C1514241
28072668	1290	1294	anal	T023	C0003461
28072668	1304	1308	oral	T082	C0442027
28072668	1315	1319	test	T059	C0022885
28072668	1356	1364	genitals	T023	C0017420
28072668	1393	1397	site	T082	C0205145
28072668	1399	1407	Positive	T033	C1514241
28072668	1408	1413	tests	T059	C0022885
28072668	1418	1420	NG	T007	C1993250
28072668	1425	1427	CT	T007	C0008151
28072668	1431	1439	patients	T101	C0030705
28072668	1440	1449	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28072668	1454	1474	sexual victimization	T068	C0376695
28072668	1489	1498	infection	T046	C3714514
28072668	1504	1518	sexual contact	T033	C2229923
28072668	1520	1537	contiguous spread	T080	C0332261
28072668	1541	1550	infection	T046	C3714514
28072668	1571	1600	infected assailant secretions	T031	C0036537
28072668	1613	1620	patient	T101	C0030705
28072668	1632	1640	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28072668	1654	1668	sexual contact	T033	C2229923
28072668	1709	1711	NG	T047	C0948747
28072668	1716	1729	CT infections	T047	C0518948
28072668	1733	1741	patients	T101	C0030705
28072668	1742	1751	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28072668	1756	1776	sexual victimization	T068	C0376695

28073509|t|Harmful effects of Dinophysis to the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum: Implications for prey capture
28073509|a|Toxigenic Dinophysis spp. are obligate mixotrophic dinoflagellates that require a constant supply of prey - Mesodinium rubrum -to achieve long-term growth by means of kleptoplasty. Mesodinium rubrum is, however, a fast moving, jumping ciliate exhibiting an effective escape response from suspensivorous predators. In the present study, a series of laboratory experiments evaluating the motility and survival of M. rubrum in the presence of Dinophysis cells and/or substances contained in their culture medium was designed, in order to assess the mechanisms involved in prey capture by Dinophysis spp. Cell abundance of M. rubrum decreased in the presence of Dinophysis cf. ovum cells producing okadaic acid (OA; up to 7.94±2.67pgcell(-1)) and smaller amounts of dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2). Prey capture was often observed after the ciliate had been attached to adhesive " mucus traps ", which only appeared in the presence of Dinophysis cells. Before being attached to the mucus traps, M. rubrum cells reduced significantly their swimming frequency (from ∼41 to 19±3 jumps min(-1)) after only 4h of initial contact with D. cf. ovum cells. M. rubrum survival was not affected in contact with purified OA, DTX-1 and PTX-2 solutions, but decreased significantly when the ciliate was exposed to cell-free or filtered culture medium from both D. cf. ovum and D. caudata, the latter containing moderate concentrations of free eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. The results thus indicate that Dinophysis combines the release of toxic compounds other than shellfish toxins, possibly free PUFAs, and a " mucus trap " to enhance its prey capture success by immobilizing and subsequently arresting M. rubrum cells.
28073509	0	15	Harmful effects	T080	C1280500
28073509	19	29	Dinophysis	T204	C0522434
28073509	37	44	ciliate	T204	C0008781
28073509	45	62	Mesodinium rubrum	T204	C2810738
28073509	64	76	Implications	T080	C0332306
28073509	81	85	prey	T001	C0029235
28073509	86	93	capture	T052	C0441655
28073509	94	119	Toxigenic Dinophysis spp.	T204	C0522434
28073509	133	160	mixotrophic dinoflagellates	T204	C0320387
28073509	166	173	require	T169	C1514873
28073509	176	184	constant	T080	C1948059
28073509	185	191	supply	T052	C1999230
28073509	195	199	prey	T001	C0029235
28073509	202	219	Mesodinium rubrum	T204	C2810738
28073509	232	241	long-term	T079	C0443252
28073509	242	248	growth	T040	C0018270
28073509	261	273	kleptoplasty	T067	C1882365
28073509	275	292	Mesodinium rubrum	T204	C2810738
28073509	308	319	fast moving	T040	C0560560
28073509	321	336	jumping ciliate	T043	C0920440
28073509	351	360	effective	T080	C1704419
28073509	361	376	escape response	T053	C0004927
28073509	382	406	suspensivorous predators	T001	C0029235
28073509	415	422	present	T033	C0150312
28073509	423	428	study	T062	C2603343
28073509	442	464	laboratory experiments	T059	C0022885
28073509	480	488	motility	T040	C1510470
28073509	493	501	survival	T081	C0038954
28073509	505	514	M. rubrum	T204	C2810738
28073509	534	544	Dinophysis	T204	C0522434
28073509	545	550	cells	T025	C0015161
28073509	558	568	substances	T167	C0439861
28073509	569	578	contained	T052	C2700400
28073509	588	602	culture medium	T130	C0010454
28073509	607	615	designed	T052	C1707689
28073509	629	635	assess	T052	C1516048
28073509	640	650	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28073509	651	659	involved	T169	C1314939
28073509	663	667	prey	T001	C0029235
28073509	668	675	capture	T052	C0441655
28073509	679	694	Dinophysis spp.	T204	C0522434
28073509	695	709	Cell abundance	T080	C2346714
28073509	713	722	M. rubrum	T204	C2810738
28073509	723	732	decreased	T081	C0205216
28073509	752	771	Dinophysis cf. ovum	T204	C4217337
28073509	772	777	cells	T025	C0015161
28073509	788	800	okadaic acid	T109,T131	C0069389
28073509	802	804	OA	T109,T131	C0069389
28073509	837	852	smaller amounts	T081	C1265611
28073509	856	873	dinophysistoxin-1	T109,T131	C0058309
28073509	875	880	DTX-1	T109,T131	C0058309
28073509	886	900	pectenotoxin-2	T109,T121	C0387342
28073509	902	907	PTX-2	T109,T121	C0387342
28073509	910	914	Prey	T001	C0029235
28073509	915	922	capture	T052	C0441655
28073509	933	941	observed	T169	C1441672
28073509	952	959	ciliate	T204	C0008781
28073509	969	977	attached	T067	C3714578
28073509	981	989	adhesive	T031	C0504082
28073509	992	1003	mucus traps	T031	C0026727
28073509	1018	1026	appeared	T080	C0700364
28073509	1046	1056	Dinophysis	T204	C0522434
28073509	1057	1062	cells	T025	C0015161
28073509	1077	1085	attached	T067	C3714578
28073509	1093	1104	mucus traps	T031	C0026727
28073509	1106	1115	M. rubrum	T204	C2810738
28073509	1116	1121	cells	T025	C0015161
28073509	1122	1129	reduced	T080	C0392756
28073509	1130	1143	significantly	T078	C0750502
28073509	1150	1158	swimming	T043	C3156187
28073509	1159	1168	frequency	T079	C0439603
28073509	1187	1192	jumps	T040	C0007608
28073509	1227	1239	contact with	T169	C0332158
28073509	1240	1251	D. cf. ovum	T204	C4217337
28073509	1252	1257	cells	T025	C0015161
28073509	1259	1268	M. rubrum	T204	C2810738
28073509	1269	1277	survival	T043	C0007620
28073509	1298	1310	contact with	T169	C0332158
28073509	1311	1319	purified	T169	C1998793
28073509	1320	1322	OA	T109,T131	C0069389
28073509	1324	1329	DTX-1	T109,T131	C0058309
28073509	1334	1339	PTX-2	T109,T121	C0387342
28073509	1340	1349	solutions	T167	C0037633
28073509	1355	1364	decreased	T081	C0205216
28073509	1365	1378	significantly	T078	C0750502
28073509	1388	1395	ciliate	T204	C0008781
28073509	1400	1410	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28073509	1411	1432	cell-free or filtered	T080	C0205556
28073509	1433	1447	culture medium	T130	C0010454
28073509	1458	1469	D. cf. ovum	T204	C4217337
28073509	1474	1484	D. caudata	T204	C1091665
28073509	1497	1507	containing	T169	C0332256
28073509	1508	1531	moderate concentrations	T081	C0457929
28073509	1540	1561	eicosapentaenoic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0000545
28073509	1566	1586	docosahexaenoic acid	T109,T121	C0556150
28073509	1592	1599	results	T169	C1274040
28073509	1619	1629	Dinophysis	T204	C0522434
28073509	1643	1650	release	T169	C1283071
28073509	1654	1659	toxic	T080	C1407029
28073509	1660	1669	compounds	T080	C0205198
28073509	1681	1697	shellfish toxins	T116,T123,T131	C0304180
28073509	1713	1718	PUFAs	T109,T123	C0032615
28073509	1728	1738	mucus trap	T031	C0026727
28073509	1744	1751	enhance	T052	C2349975
28073509	1756	1760	prey	T001	C0029235
28073509	1761	1768	capture	T052	C0441655
28073509	1780	1792	immobilizing	T169	C0205245
28073509	1810	1819	arresting	T169	C0205245
28073509	1820	1829	M. rubrum	T204	C2810738
28073509	1830	1835	cells	T025	C0015161

28073595|t|Genetically encoded calcium indicators for studying long-term calcium dynamics during apoptosis
28073595|a|Intracellular calcium release is essential for regulating almost all cellular functions. Specific spatio-temporal patterns of cytosolic calcium elevations are critical determinants of cell fate in response to pro-apoptotic cellular stressors. As the apoptotic program can take hours or days, measurement of long-term calcium dynamics are essential for understanding the mechanistic role of calcium in apoptotic cell death. Due to the technical limitations of using calcium - sensitive dyes to measure cytosolic calcium little is known about long-term calcium dynamics in living cells after treatment with apoptosis - inducing drugs. Genetically encoded calcium indicators could potentially overcome some of the limitations of calcium - sensitive dyes. Here, we compared the performance of the genetically encoded calcium indicators GCaMP6s and GCaMP6f with the ratiometric dye Fura-2. GCaMP6s performed as well or better than Fura-2 in detecting agonist - induced calcium transients. We then examined the utility of GCaMP6s for continuously measuring apoptotic calcium release over the course of ten hours after treatment with staurosporine. We found that GCaMP6s was suitable for measuring apoptotic calcium release over long time courses and revealed significant heterogeneity in calcium release dynamics in individual cells challenged with staurosporine. Our results suggest GCaMP6s is an excellent indicator for monitoring long-term changes cytosolic calcium during apoptosis.
28073595	0	11	Genetically	T169	C0314603
28073595	12	19	encoded	T052	C2700640
28073595	20	38	calcium indicators	T130	C0596234
28073595	52	61	long-term	T079	C0443252
28073595	62	69	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	70	78	dynamics	T044	C0596957
28073595	86	95	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28073595	96	125	Intracellular calcium release	T044	C1820193
28073595	129	138	essential	T080	C0205224
28073595	143	153	regulating	T043	C0596286
28073595	165	183	cellular functions	T043	C0007613
28073595	185	193	Specific	T080	C0205369
28073595	194	209	spatio-temporal	T062	C3494293
28073595	210	218	patterns	T082	C0449774
28073595	222	231	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
28073595	232	239	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	240	250	elevations	T080	C3163633
28073595	255	263	critical	T080	C1511545
28073595	264	276	determinants	T169	C1521761
28073595	280	289	cell fate	T043	C1540661
28073595	305	318	pro-apoptotic	T080	C1516044
28073595	319	327	cellular	T025	C0007634
28073595	328	337	stressors	T078	C0597530
28073595	346	363	apoptotic program	T043	C1159821
28073595	373	378	hours	T079	C0439227
28073595	382	386	days	T079	C0439228
28073595	388	399	measurement	T169	C0242485
28073595	403	412	long-term	T079	C0443252
28073595	413	420	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	421	429	dynamics	T044	C0596957
28073595	434	443	essential	T080	C0205224
28073595	448	461	understanding	T041	C0162340
28073595	466	477	mechanistic	T169	C0441712
28073595	478	482	role	T077	C1705810
28073595	486	493	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	497	517	apoptotic cell death	T043	C0162638
28073595	530	539	technical	T169	C0449851
28073595	540	551	limitations	T169	C0449295
28073595	561	568	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	571	580	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28073595	581	585	dyes	T130	C0013343
28073595	589	596	measure	T081	C0079809
28073595	597	606	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
28073595	607	614	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	637	646	long-term	T079	C0443252
28073595	647	654	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	655	663	dynamics	T044	C0596957
28073595	667	679	living cells	T025	C0007634
28073595	686	695	treatment	T061	C0087111
28073595	701	710	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28073595	713	721	inducing	T169	C0205263
28073595	722	727	drugs	T121	C0013227
28073595	729	740	Genetically	T169	C0314603
28073595	741	748	encoded	T052	C2700640
28073595	749	767	calcium indicators	T130	C0596234
28073595	786	794	overcome	T052	C2983310
28073595	807	818	limitations	T169	C0449295
28073595	822	829	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	832	841	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28073595	842	846	dyes	T130	C0013343
28073595	870	881	performance	T052	C1882330
28073595	889	900	genetically	T169	C0314603
28073595	901	908	encoded	T052	C2700640
28073595	909	916	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	917	927	indicators	T130	C0021212
28073595	928	935	GCaMP6s	T130	C0596234
28073595	940	947	GCaMP6f	T130	C0596234
28073595	957	972	ratiometric dye	T130	C0016320
28073595	973	979	Fura-2	T109,T130	C0079389
28073595	981	988	GCaMP6s	T130	C0596234
28073595	1022	1028	Fura-2	T109,T130	C0079389
28073595	1042	1049	agonist	T121	C2987634
28073595	1052	1059	induced	T169	C0205263
28073595	1060	1067	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	1068	1078	transients	T079	C0205374
28073595	1101	1108	utility	T169	C0457083
28073595	1112	1119	GCaMP6s	T130	C0596234
28073595	1124	1136	continuously	T078	C0549178
28073595	1137	1146	measuring	T080	C0444706
28073595	1147	1156	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
28073595	1157	1172	calcium release	T059	C0201925
28073595	1182	1188	course	T079	C0750729
28073595	1196	1201	hours	T079	C0439227
28073595	1208	1217	treatment	T061	C0087111
28073595	1223	1236	staurosporine	T109,T121	C0075193
28073595	1252	1259	GCaMP6s	T130	C0596234
28073595	1277	1286	measuring	T080	C0444706
28073595	1287	1296	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
28073595	1297	1312	calcium release	T059	C0201925
28073595	1328	1335	courses	T079	C0750729
28073595	1349	1360	significant	T078	C0750502
28073595	1361	1374	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28073595	1378	1393	calcium release	T059	C0201925
28073595	1394	1402	dynamics	T044	C0596957
28073595	1417	1422	cells	T025	C0007634
28073595	1439	1452	staurosporine	T109,T121	C0075193
28073595	1474	1481	GCaMP6s	T130	C0596234
28073595	1488	1497	excellent	T080	C1961136
28073595	1498	1507	indicator	T130	C0021212
28073595	1512	1522	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28073595	1523	1532	long-term	T079	C0443252
28073595	1533	1540	changes	T169	C0392747
28073595	1541	1550	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
28073595	1551	1558	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28073595	1566	1575	apoptosis	T043	C0162638

28074147|t|Cerebellar ataxia and sensory ganglionopathy associated with light-chain myeloma
28074147|a|Cerebellar ataxia with sensory ganglionopathy is a rare neurological combination that can occur in some hereditary ataxias including mitochondrial diseases and in gluten sensitivity. Individually each condition can be a classic paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. We report a patient with this combination who was diagnosed with light-chain myeloma ten years after initial presentation. A 65-year-old Caucasian lady was referred to our Ataxia Clinic because of a 6-year history of progressive unsteadiness and a 2-year history of slurred speech. Past medical history included arterial hypertension. The patient was a non-smoker was not consuming alcohol excessively. There was no family history of ataxia. Neurological examination revealed prominent gaze-evoked nystagmus, heel to shin ataxia, gait ataxia, reduced reflexes and loss of vibration sensation in the legs. Cerebellar ataxia was confirmed using magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the cerebellum and sensory ganglionopathy using neurophysiological assessments including blink reflex study. A muscle biopsy that was arranged to explore the possibility of mitochondrial disease revealed amyloidosis. Urinalysis confirmed the presence of light chains. A bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of light chain multiple myeloma. Whilst it could be argued that this could simply be a coincidence, the rarity of these conditions and the absence of an alternative aetiology for the neurological dysfunction argue in favour of a paraneoplastic phenomenon.
28074147	0	17	Cerebellar ataxia	T184	C0007758
28074147	22	44	sensory ganglionopathy	T047	C1737217
28074147	45	60	associated with	T080	C0332281
28074147	61	80	light-chain myeloma	T191	C0456844
28074147	81	98	Cerebellar ataxia	T184	C0007758
28074147	104	126	sensory ganglionopathy	T047	C1737217
28074147	132	136	rare	T080	C0522498
28074147	137	149	neurological	T201	C2707261
28074147	150	161	combination	T080	C0205195
28074147	171	176	occur	T052	C1709305
28074147	185	203	hereditary ataxias	T047	C0004138
28074147	204	213	including	T169	C0332257
28074147	214	236	mitochondrial diseases	T047	C0751651
28074147	244	262	gluten sensitivity	T047	C0850024
28074147	282	291	condition	T080	C0348080
28074147	301	308	classic	T080	C0439858
28074147	309	345	paraneoplastic neurological syndrome	T046	C3267031
28074147	359	366	patient	T101	C0030705
28074147	377	388	combination	T080	C0205195
28074147	397	406	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28074147	412	431	light-chain myeloma	T191	C0456844
28074147	448	468	initial presentation	T169	C0449976
28074147	484	493	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
28074147	494	498	lady	T098	C0043210
28074147	503	511	referred	T169	C0205543
28074147	519	525	Ataxia	T184	C0004134
28074147	526	532	Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28074147	553	560	history	T033	C0262926
28074147	564	575	progressive	T169	C0205329
28074147	576	588	unsteadiness	T033	C0555099
28074147	602	609	history	T033	C0262926
28074147	613	627	slurred speech	T033	C0234518
28074147	634	649	medical history	T033	C0262926
28074147	650	658	included	T169	C0332257
28074147	659	680	arterial hypertension	T047	C0020538
28074147	686	693	patient	T101	C0030705
28074147	700	710	non-smoker	T033	C0337672
28074147	719	736	consuming alcohol	T055	C0001948
28074147	737	748	excessively	T080	C0442802
28074147	763	777	family history	T033	C0241889
28074147	781	787	ataxia	T184	C0004134
28074147	789	813	Neurological examination	T060	C0027853
28074147	814	822	revealed	T080	C0443289
28074147	823	832	prominent	T080	C0205402
28074147	833	854	gaze-evoked nystagmus	T047	C0271390
28074147	856	875	heel to shin ataxia	T184	C0004134
28074147	877	888	gait ataxia	T184	C0751837
28074147	890	906	reduced reflexes	T033	C0243095
28074147	911	938	loss of vibration sensation	T033	C0243095
28074147	946	950	legs	T023	C1140621
28074147	952	969	Cerebellar ataxia	T184	C0007758
28074147	974	983	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28074147	990	1021	magnetic resonance spectroscopy	T060	C0024487
28074147	1029	1039	cerebellum	T023	C0007765
28074147	1044	1066	sensory ganglionopathy	T047	C1737217
28074147	1073	1103	neurophysiological assessments	T060	C3658203
28074147	1104	1113	including	T169	C0332257
28074147	1114	1132	blink reflex study	T060	C0200119
28074147	1136	1149	muscle biopsy	T060	C0185283
28074147	1198	1219	mitochondrial disease	T047	C0751651
28074147	1220	1228	revealed	T080	C0443289
28074147	1229	1240	amyloidosis	T047	C0002726
28074147	1242	1252	Urinalysis	T059	C0042014
28074147	1253	1262	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28074147	1267	1291	presence of light chains	UnknownType	C0241977
28074147	1295	1313	bone marrow biopsy	T060	C0005954
28074147	1314	1323	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28074147	1328	1337	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28074147	1341	1369	light chain multiple myeloma	T033	C2347305
28074147	1442	1448	rarity	T080	C0522498
28074147	1458	1468	conditions	T080	C0348080
28074147	1477	1484	absence	T190	C1689985
28074147	1491	1502	alternative	T077	C1523987
28074147	1503	1512	aetiology	T169	C1314792
28074147	1521	1545	neurological dysfunction	T033	C1709219
28074147	1567	1581	paraneoplastic	T129	C1441055
28074147	1582	1592	phenomenon	T067	C1882365

28074211|t|Safe Practices for Copy and Paste in the EHR. Systematic Review, Recommendations, and Novel Model for Health IT Collaboration
28074211|a|Copy and paste functionality can support efficiency during clinical documentation, but may promote inaccurate documentation with risks for patient safety. The Partnership for Health IT Patient Safety was formed to gather data, conduct analysis, educate, and disseminate safe practices for safer care using health information technology (IT). To characterize copy and paste events in clinical care, identify safety risks, describe existing evidence, and develop implementable practice recommendations for safe reuse of information via copy and paste. The Partnership 1) reviewed 12 reported safety events, 2) solicited expert input, and 3) performed a systematic literature review (2010 to January 2015) to identify publications addressing frequency, perceptions / attitudes, patient safety risks, existing guidance, and potential interventions and mitigation practices. The literature review identified 51 publications that were included. Overall, 66% to 90% of clinicians routinely use copy and paste. One study of diagnostic errors found that copy and paste led to 2.6% of errors in which a missed diagnosis required patients to seek additional unplanned care. Copy and paste can promote note bloat, internal inconsistencies, error propagation, and documentation in the wrong patient chart. Existing guidance identified specific responsibilities for authors, organizations, and electronic health record (EHR) developers. Analysis of 12 reported copy and paste safety events was congruent with problems identified from the literature review. Despite regular copy and paste use, evidence regarding direct risk to patient safety remains sparse, with significant study limitations. Drawing on existing evidence, the Partnership developed four safe practice recommendations: 1) Provide a mechanism to make copy and paste material easily identifiable; 2) Ensure the provenance of copy and paste material is readily available; 3) Ensure adequate staff training and education; 4) Ensure copy and paste practices are regularly monitored, measured, and assessed.
28074211	0	4	Safe	T082	C0557723
28074211	5	14	Practices	T041	C0237607
28074211	19	33	Copy and Paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	41	44	EHR	T170	C2362543
28074211	46	63	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
28074211	65	80	Recommendations	T078	C0034866
28074211	86	91	Novel	T080	C0205314
28074211	92	97	Model	T170	C3161035
28074211	102	111	Health IT	T066	C2936756
28074211	112	125	Collaboration	T054	C0282116
28074211	126	140	Copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	141	154	functionality	T169	C0205245
28074211	167	177	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28074211	185	193	clinical	T080	C0205210
28074211	194	207	documentation	T170	C0920316
28074211	217	224	promote	T052	C0033414
28074211	225	235	inaccurate	T080	C0443236
28074211	236	249	documentation	T170	C0920316
28074211	255	260	risks	T078	C0035647
28074211	265	279	patient safety	T058	C1113679
28074211	285	296	Partnership	T092	C1711206
28074211	301	310	Health IT	T066	C2936756
28074211	311	325	Patient Safety	T058	C1113679
28074211	347	351	data	T078	C1511726
28074211	353	369	conduct analysis	T058	C0509592
28074211	371	378	educate	T065	C0039401
28074211	384	395	disseminate	T082	C0205221
28074211	396	400	safe	T082	C0557723
28074211	401	410	practices	T041	C0237607
28074211	415	420	safer	T082	C0557723
28074211	421	425	care	T052	C1947933
28074211	432	461	health information technology	T066	C2936756
28074211	463	465	IT	T066	C2936756
28074211	471	483	characterize	T052	C1880022
28074211	484	498	copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	499	505	events	T051	C0441471
28074211	509	517	clinical	T080	C0205210
28074211	518	522	care	T052	C1947933
28074211	524	532	identify	T080	C0205396
28074211	533	539	safety	T058	C1113679
28074211	540	545	risks	T078	C0035647
28074211	556	564	existing	T077	C2987476
28074211	565	573	evidence	T078	C3887511
28074211	579	586	develop	T169	C1527148
28074211	601	609	practice	T041	C0237607
28074211	610	625	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28074211	630	634	safe	T082	C0557723
28074211	635	640	reuse	T052	C2699072
28074211	644	655	information	T078	C1533716
28074211	660	674	copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	680	691	Partnership	T092	C1711206
28074211	695	703	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28074211	707	715	reported	T058	C0700287
28074211	716	729	safety events	T170	C3699460
28074211	734	756	solicited expert input	T077	C1708517
28074211	765	774	performed	T169	C0884358
28074211	777	805	systematic literature review	T170	C0282441
28074211	815	822	January	T080	C3829466
28074211	832	840	identify	T080	C0205396
28074211	841	853	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
28074211	865	874	frequency	T079	C0376249
28074211	876	887	perceptions	T041	C0030971
28074211	890	899	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28074211	901	915	patient safety	T058	C1113679
28074211	916	921	risks	T078	C0035647
28074211	923	931	existing	T077	C2987476
28074211	932	940	guidance	T058	C0150600
28074211	974	984	mitigation	T078	C1706602
28074211	985	994	practices	T041	C0237607
28074211	1000	1017	literature review	T170	C0282441
28074211	1018	1028	identified	T080	C0205396
28074211	1032	1044	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
28074211	1055	1063	included	T169	C0332257
28074211	1088	1098	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28074211	1099	1108	routinely	T080	C0205547
28074211	1113	1127	copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	1133	1138	study	T062	C2603343
28074211	1142	1159	diagnostic errors	T080	C0011922
28074211	1171	1185	copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	1201	1207	errors	T080	C0011922
28074211	1226	1235	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28074211	1236	1244	required	T169	C1514873
28074211	1245	1253	patients	T101	C0030705
28074211	1262	1272	additional	T169	C1524062
28074211	1283	1287	care	T052	C1947933
28074211	1289	1303	Copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	1328	1336	internal	T082	C0205102
28074211	1354	1359	error	T080	C0743559
28074211	1377	1390	documentation	T170	C0920316
28074211	1404	1411	patient	T101	C0030705
28074211	1412	1417	chart	T170	C0684240
28074211	1419	1427	Existing	T077	C2987476
28074211	1428	1436	guidance	T058	C0150600
28074211	1437	1447	identified	T080	C0205396
28074211	1457	1473	responsibilities	T055	C0678341
28074211	1478	1485	authors	T097	C3812881
28074211	1487	1500	organizations	T093	C1708333
28074211	1506	1530	electronic health record	T170	C2362543
28074211	1532	1535	EHR	T170	C2362543
28074211	1549	1557	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28074211	1564	1572	reported	T058	C0700287
28074211	1573	1587	copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	1588	1601	safety events	T170	C3699460
28074211	1606	1615	congruent	T080	C0439853
28074211	1621	1629	problems	T078	C1546466
28074211	1630	1640	identified	T080	C0205396
28074211	1650	1667	literature review	T170	C0282441
28074211	1685	1699	copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	1705	1713	evidence	T078	C3887511
28074211	1724	1735	direct risk	T078	C0035647
28074211	1739	1753	patient safety	T058	C1113679
28074211	1787	1792	study	T062	C2603343
28074211	1793	1804	limitations	T169	C0449295
28074211	1817	1825	existing	T077	C2987476
28074211	1826	1834	evidence	T078	C3887511
28074211	1840	1851	Partnership	T092	C1711206
28074211	1852	1861	developed	T169	C1527148
28074211	1867	1871	safe	T082	C0557723
28074211	1872	1880	practice	T041	C0237607
28074211	1881	1896	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28074211	1911	1920	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28074211	1929	1943	copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	1960	1972	identifiable	T080	C0205396
28074211	1988	1998	provenance	T077	C1709753
28074211	2002	2016	copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	2037	2046	available	T169	C0470187
28074211	2058	2066	adequate	T080	C0205411
28074211	2067	2081	staff training	T065	C0681113
28074211	2086	2095	education	T065	C0013621
28074211	2107	2121	copy and paste	T169	C0205245
28074211	2122	2131	practices	T041	C0237607
28074211	2136	2145	regularly	T080	C0205272
28074211	2146	2155	monitored	T058	C0150369
28074211	2157	2165	measured	T080	C0444706
28074211	2171	2179	assessed	T052	C1516048

28074357|t|The Longitudinal Effects of Parenting on Adaptive Behavior in Children with Fragile X Syndrome
28074357|a|Several studies have reported declines in adaptive behavior amongst children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) starting in middle childhood. We examined the effects of maternal responsivity on adaptive behavior in 55 children with FXS visited 5-6 times in their homes from early through middle childhood. Our analyses indicated that sustained maternal responsivity had a significant positive impact on the trajectories of communication and to a lesser extent other adaptive behavior domains through middle childhood with many effects remaining significant after controlling for autism symptoms and developmental level. For children who showed declines in adaptive behavior during middle childhood, sustained high levels of maternal responsivity minimized the amount of decline observed in the communication, socialization, and daily living domains.
28074357	4	16	Longitudinal	T082	C0205127
28074357	17	27	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28074357	28	37	Parenting	T055	C0679001
28074357	41	58	Adaptive Behavior	T055	C0085880
28074357	62	70	Children	T100	C0008059
28074357	76	94	Fragile X Syndrome	T047	C0016667
28074357	103	110	studies	T062	C2603343
28074357	125	133	declines	T080	C0392756
28074357	137	154	adaptive behavior	T055	C0085880
28074357	163	171	children	T100	C0008059
28074357	177	195	fragile X syndrome	T047	C0016667
28074357	197	200	FXS	T047	C0016667
28074357	214	220	middle	T079	C1254367
28074357	221	230	childhood	T079	C0231335
28074357	235	243	examined	T033	C0332128
28074357	248	258	effects of	T080	C1704420
28074357	259	267	maternal	T099	C0026591
28074357	268	280	responsivity	T041	C2371924
28074357	284	301	adaptive behavior	T055	C0085880
28074357	308	316	children	T100	C0008059
28074357	322	325	FXS	T047	C0016667
28074357	353	358	homes	T073,T092	C0442513
28074357	378	384	middle	T079	C1254367
28074357	385	394	childhood	T079	C0231335
28074357	400	408	analyses	T062	C0936012
28074357	424	433	sustained	T169	C0443318
28074357	434	442	maternal	T099	C0026591
28074357	443	455	responsivity	T041	C2371924
28074357	462	473	significant	T078	C0750502
28074357	474	489	positive impact	T080	C4049986
28074357	497	509	trajectories	T082	C1254362
28074357	513	526	communication	T054	C0009452
28074357	556	573	adaptive behavior	T055	C0085880
28074357	574	581	domains	T077	C1516778
28074357	590	596	middle	T079	C1254367
28074357	597	606	childhood	T079	C0231335
28074357	617	624	effects	T080	C1280500
28074357	635	646	significant	T078	C0750502
28074357	653	664	controlling	T067	C2239193
28074357	669	684	autism symptoms	T033	C4314700
28074357	689	708	developmental level	T040	C0008071
28074357	714	722	children	T100	C0008059
28074357	734	742	declines	T080	C0392756
28074357	746	763	adaptive behavior	T055	C0085880
28074357	771	777	middle	T079	C1254367
28074357	778	787	childhood	T079	C0231335
28074357	789	798	sustained	T169	C0443318
28074357	799	810	high levels	T080	C0441889
28074357	814	822	maternal	T099	C0026591
28074357	823	835	responsivity	T041	C2371924
28074357	836	845	minimized	T080	C1524031
28074357	860	867	decline	T080	C0392756
28074357	868	876	observed	T169	C1441672
28074357	884	897	communication	T054	C0009452
28074357	899	912	socialization	T065	C0037447
28074357	918	938	daily living domains	UnknownType	C0683251

28074422|t|Compacted Multiparticulate Systems for Colon -Specific Delivery of Ketoprofen
28074422|a|Pellet-containing tablets for colon -specific drug delivery present higher targeting efficiency and lower costs when compared with monolithic tablets and pellet-filled capsules, respectively. In this study, pellets containing ketoprofen were coated with different acrylic polymers and submitted to compaction. The influence of formulation and process factors on film integrity was then evaluated. Pellet s were prepared via extrusion-spheronization and coated using two acrylic polymers (Eudragit® FS 30 D and Opadry® 94 k28327, PMMA and PMA, respectively). The resulting pellets were mixed with placebo granules and compressed in a hydraulic press. Multiple regression showed that ketoprofen release from pellet -containing tablets is predominantly influenced by pellet content, hardness, friability, and disintegration time. PMA -containing tablets prepared under low compaction force or with low pellet content showed rapid disintegration (<1 min) and ketoprofen release similar to those of uncompressed coated pellets (∼30% at 360 min of experiment). On the other hand, PMMA -containing tablets showed a higher rupture level, and those prepared with higher pellet content gave rise to a non-disintegrating matrix. Coated pellets were shown to be able to target ketoprofen to the colonic region. Targeting capacity was dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the tablets.
28074422	10	34	Multiparticulate Systems	T074	C0085104
28074422	39	44	Colon	T023	C0009368
28074422	55	63	Delivery	T074	C0085104
28074422	67	77	Ketoprofen	T109,T121	C0022635
28074422	96	103	tablets	T121	C0013227
28074422	108	113	colon	T023	C0009368
28074422	124	137	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
28074422	153	173	targeting efficiency	T081	C0013682
28074422	209	227	monolithic tablets	T121	C0013227
28074422	232	254	pellet-filled capsules	T122	C0006935
28074422	285	292	pellets	T122	C0993610
28074422	304	314	ketoprofen	T109,T121	C0022635
28074422	320	326	coated	T080	C1522408
28074422	342	358	acrylic polymers	T109,T122	C0101309
28074422	376	386	compaction	T067	C1522240
28074422	405	416	formulation	T077	C1705957
28074422	440	444	film	T167	C1561572
28074422	445	454	integrity	T080	C1947912
28074422	475	481	Pellet	T122	C0993610
28074422	502	526	extrusion-spheronization	T067	C1522240
28074422	531	537	coated	T080	C1522408
28074422	548	564	acrylic polymers	T109,T122	C0101309
28074422	566	583	Eudragit® FS 30 D	T109,T122	C0961486
28074422	588	605	Opadry® 94 k28327	T130	C1254353
28074422	607	611	PMMA	T109,T122	C0005533
28074422	616	619	PMA	T104,T122	C0032521
28074422	650	657	pellets	T122	C0993610
28074422	674	690	placebo granules	T122	C1696465
28074422	711	726	hydraulic press	T073	C0699733
28074422	728	747	Multiple regression	T080	C0681923
28074422	760	770	ketoprofen	T109,T121	C0022635
28074422	771	778	release	T070	C3850077
28074422	784	790	pellet	T122	C0993610
28074422	803	810	tablets	T121	C0013227
28074422	842	848	pellet	T122	C0993610
28074422	849	856	content	T077	C0456205
28074422	858	866	hardness	T080	C0018599
28074422	868	878	friability	T080	C0332535
28074422	884	898	disintegration	T067	C1882365
28074422	899	903	time	T079	C0040223
28074422	905	908	PMA	T104,T122	C0032521
28074422	921	928	tablets	T121	C0013227
28074422	944	947	low	T080	C0205251
28074422	948	964	compaction force	T067	C0441722
28074422	977	983	pellet	T122	C0993610
28074422	984	991	content	T077	C0456205
28074422	999	1004	rapid	T080	C0456962
28074422	1005	1019	disintegration	T067	C1882365
28074422	1033	1043	ketoprofen	T109,T121	C0022635
28074422	1044	1051	release	T070	C3850077
28074422	1085	1091	coated	T080	C1522408
28074422	1092	1099	pellets	T122	C0993610
28074422	1152	1156	PMMA	T109,T122	C0005533
28074422	1169	1176	tablets	T121	C0013227
28074422	1193	1200	rupture	T080	C0443161
28074422	1201	1206	level	T080	C0441889
28074422	1239	1245	pellet	T122	C0993610
28074422	1246	1253	content	T077	C0456205
28074422	1269	1294	non-disintegrating matrix	T167	C0439861
28074422	1296	1302	Coated	T080	C1522408
28074422	1303	1310	pellets	T122	C0993610
28074422	1336	1342	target	T169	C1521840
28074422	1343	1353	ketoprofen	T109,T121	C0022635
28074422	1361	1375	colonic region	T023	C0009368
28074422	1377	1395	Targeting capacity	T081	C0013682
28074422	1417	1448	physicochemical characteristics	T070	C2350461
28074422	1456	1463	tablets	T121	C0013227

28074666|t|Association between posttraumatic stress and acceptance of social changes: Findings from a general population study and proposal of a new concept
28074666|a|There is a growing understanding of the importance of the social factors of posttraumatic stress disorder. This study expands research on association between posttraumatic stress and social factors by introducing the measure of the acceptance of social changes and evaluating possible links between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and acceptance of social changes. A general population sample (n = 778) aged from 18 to 89 years (M = 40.2) from Lithuania participated in our study, of whom 68% reported exposure to traumatic events. Posttraumatic stress reactions were measured with the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R), and acceptance of social changes was measured with the Acceptance of Social Changes Instrument (SOCHI) developed by the authors of this study. About 8% of the participants had a potential posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis. Acceptance of social changes was negatively associated with posttraumatic stress. PTSD was related to lower acceptance of social changes (d = .61). Structural equation model (SEM) revealed the mediating role of PTSD for acceptance of social changes following trauma exposure. Findings of our study indicate that the acceptance of social changes might be an important psychosocial factor of PTSD.
28074666	0	19	Association between	T080	C0332281
28074666	20	40	posttraumatic stress	T048	C0038436
28074666	45	55	acceptance	T055	C0000899
28074666	59	73	social changes	T054	C0037400
28074666	75	83	Findings	T033	C0243095
28074666	91	115	general population study	T062	C0681876
28074666	120	128	proposal	T078	C1555306
28074666	134	137	new	T080	C0205314
28074666	138	145	concept	T078	C0178566
28074666	204	218	social factors	T102	C0337460
28074666	222	251	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
28074666	258	263	study	T062	C2603343
28074666	272	280	research	T062	C0035168
28074666	284	303	association between	T080	C0332281
28074666	304	324	posttraumatic stress	T048	C0038436
28074666	329	343	social factors	T102	C0337460
28074666	363	370	measure	T081	C0079809
28074666	378	388	acceptance	T055	C0000899
28074666	392	406	social changes	T054	C0037400
28074666	411	421	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28074666	445	474	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
28074666	475	483	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28074666	488	498	acceptance	T055	C0000899
28074666	502	516	social changes	T054	C0037400
28074666	520	545	general population sample	T098	C2348150
28074666	597	606	Lithuania	T083	C0023879
28074666	627	632	study	T062	C2603343
28074666	646	654	reported	T058	C0700287
28074666	655	666	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28074666	667	683	traumatic events	T037	C3263723
28074666	685	715	Posttraumatic stress reactions	T048	C0038436
28074666	721	729	measured	T080	C0444706
28074666	739	770	Impact of Event Scale - Revised	T170	C3472482
28074666	772	777	IES-R	T170	C3472482
28074666	784	794	acceptance	T055	C0000899
28074666	798	812	social changes	T054	C0037400
28074666	817	825	measured	T080	C0444706
28074666	835	845	Acceptance	T055	C0000899
28074666	849	874	Social Changes Instrument	T054	C0037400
28074666	876	881	SOCHI	T054	C0037400
28074666	916	921	study	T062	C2603343
28074666	939	951	participants	T098	C0679646
28074666	958	967	potential	T080	C3245505
28074666	968	997	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
28074666	999	1003	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28074666	1005	1014	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28074666	1016	1026	Acceptance	T055	C0000899
28074666	1030	1044	social changes	T054	C0037400
28074666	1060	1075	associated with	T080	C0332281
28074666	1076	1096	posttraumatic stress	T048	C0038436
28074666	1098	1102	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28074666	1124	1134	acceptance	T055	C0000899
28074666	1138	1152	social changes	T054	C0037400
28074666	1164	1189	Structural equation model	T062	C0681947
28074666	1191	1194	SEM	T062	C0681947
28074666	1196	1204	revealed	T080	C0443289
28074666	1227	1231	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28074666	1236	1246	acceptance	T055	C0000899
28074666	1250	1264	social changes	T054	C0037400
28074666	1275	1281	trauma	T037	C3714660
28074666	1282	1290	exposure	T080	C0332157
28074666	1292	1300	Findings	T033	C0243095
28074666	1308	1313	study	T062	C2603343
28074666	1332	1342	acceptance	T055	C0000899
28074666	1346	1360	social changes	T054	C0037400
28074666	1373	1382	important	T080	C3898777
28074666	1383	1402	psychosocial factor	T080	C0033963
28074666	1406	1410	PTSD	T048	C0038436

28074914|t|Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates the expression of inflammatory cytokines in acute soft tissue injury
28074914|a|We examined the effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) on the inflammatory response to strike - induced acute soft tissue injury in rats. Soft tissue injury was induced in rat leg muscles using a strike hammer, followed by intraperitoneal administration of HSYA at 16, 32, or 64 mg/kg. After 24 h, the rats were anaesthetized, blood and muscle samples were taken. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total RNA and protein were isolated from muscle tissue to determine the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and the protein level of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Nuclear factor (NF)-κB expression was determined by muscle histopathology and immunohistochemistry. HSYA attenuated pathologic changes in strike - induced soft tissue inflammation. Treatment with HSYA also alleviated strike - induced increases in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 mRNA levels and inhibited the increased activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in muscle tissue. These findings suggest that HSYA effectively inhibits strike - induced inflammatory signal transduction in rats.
28074914	0	23	Hydroxysafflor yellow A	T109	C0250747
28074914	39	49	expression	T045	C1171362
28074914	53	65	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28074914	66	75	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28074914	79	103	acute soft tissue injury	T037	C0037578
28074914	120	129	effect of	T080	C1704420
28074914	130	153	hydroxysafflor yellow A	T109	C0250747
28074914	155	159	HSYA	T109	C0250747
28074914	168	189	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28074914	193	199	strike	T169	C0332159
28074914	202	209	induced	T169	C0205263
28074914	210	234	acute soft tissue injury	T037	C0037578
28074914	238	242	rats	T015	C0034693
28074914	244	262	Soft tissue injury	T037	C0037578
28074914	267	274	induced	T169	C0205263
28074914	278	281	rat	T015	C0034693
28074914	282	293	leg muscles	T023	C0224456
28074914	302	308	strike	T169	C0332159
28074914	309	315	hammer	T073	C0181107
28074914	329	359	intraperitoneal administration	T169	C1522583
28074914	363	367	HSYA	T109	C0250747
28074914	408	412	rats	T015	C0034693
28074914	418	431	anaesthetized	T169	C0205245
28074914	433	438	blood	T031	C0178913
28074914	443	449	muscle	T024	C0026845
28074914	450	457	samples	T167	C0370003
28074914	470	476	Plasma	T031	C0032105
28074914	477	505	levels of interleukin (IL)-6	T059	C0919829
28074914	507	512	IL-1β	T059	C0022885
28074914	518	548	tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α	T059	C1168005
28074914	566	599	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28074914	601	606	Total	T080	C0439810
28074914	607	610	RNA	T114	C0035668
28074914	615	622	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28074914	628	636	isolated	T169	C0205409
28074914	642	655	muscle tissue	T024	C0026845
28074914	673	677	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28074914	678	692	levels of IL-6	T059	C0919829
28074914	694	699	IL-1β	T059	C0022885
28074914	701	706	TNF-α	T059	C1168005
28074914	708	748	vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1	T059	C2825916
28074914	754	794	intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1	T059	C4084871
28074914	804	817	protein level	T034	C0428479
28074914	821	872	phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase	T116,T126	C1120843
28074914	874	878	MAPK	T116,T126	C1120843
28074914	881	903	Nuclear factor (NF)-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28074914	904	914	expression	T045	C1171362
28074914	933	939	muscle	T024	C0026845
28074914	940	954	histopathology	T059	C0430445
28074914	959	979	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28074914	981	985	HSYA	T109	C0250747
28074914	997	1007	pathologic	T169	C1521733
28074914	1008	1015	changes	T169	C0392747
28074914	1019	1025	strike	T169	C0332159
28074914	1028	1035	induced	T169	C0205263
28074914	1036	1060	soft tissue inflammation	T046	C0853314
28074914	1062	1071	Treatment	T169	C1522326
28074914	1077	1081	HSYA	T109	C0250747
28074914	1098	1104	strike	T169	C0332159
28074914	1107	1114	induced	T169	C0205263
28074914	1115	1124	increases	T169	C0442805
28074914	1128	1133	TNF-α	T059	C1168005
28074914	1135	1140	IL-1β	T059	C0022885
28074914	1142	1146	IL-6	T059	C0919829
28074914	1148	1154	VCAM-1	T059	C2825916
28074914	1160	1166	ICAM-1	T059	C4084871
28074914	1167	1171	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28074914	1172	1178	levels	T080	C0441889
28074914	1183	1192	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28074914	1197	1206	increased	T081	C0205217
28074914	1207	1226	activation of NF-κB	T044	C1749855
28074914	1231	1246	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28074914	1250	1258	p38 MAPK	T116,T126	C1120843
28074914	1262	1275	muscle tissue	T024	C0026845
28074914	1283	1291	findings	T169	C2607943
28074914	1305	1309	HSYA	T109	C0250747
28074914	1322	1330	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28074914	1331	1337	strike	T169	C0332159
28074914	1340	1347	induced	T169	C0205263
28074914	1348	1380	inflammatory signal transduction	T043	C0037083
28074914	1384	1388	rats	T015	C0034693

28075235|t|Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Human Infection Cases in Spain: Dog -to- Human Transmission
28075235|a|Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is an opportunistic pathogen that has been identified as infectious agent or colonizer mainly in dogs. S. pseudintermedius has been also detected in humans and more specifically in people in contact with dogs. In this study, the possible S. pseudintermedius pet -to- human transmission was analyzed in four clinical human cases. Two patients were dog owners and S. pseudintermedius was also detected as colonizer in these healthy animals. S. pseudintermedius isolates from patients and dogs of the same household showed identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, sequence types (STs), and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes, and were methicillin susceptible. Resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and/or ciprofloxacin was identified among S. pseudintermedius strains. The lineages ST241 and the new ST521 were detected in the strains of the two dog - owner patients, respectively. The strains from the other two patients presented two new STs, ST719 and ST720. To our knowledge, this is the first description of human infections caused by S. pseudintermedius in Spain.
28075235	0	31	Staphylococcus pseudintermedius	T007	C1680786
28075235	32	37	Human	T016	C0086418
28075235	38	47	Infection	T046	C3714514
28075235	48	53	Cases	T169	C0868928
28075235	57	62	Spain	T083	C0037747
28075235	64	67	Dog	T015	C0012984
28075235	73	78	Human	T016	C0086418
28075235	79	91	Transmission	T046	C0242781
28075235	92	123	Staphylococcus pseudintermedius	T007	C1680786
28075235	130	152	opportunistic pathogen	T001	C0450254
28075235	167	177	identified	T080	C0205396
28075235	181	197	infectious agent	T001	C0314732
28075235	201	210	colonizer	T033	C2747813
28075235	221	225	dogs	T015	C0012984
28075235	227	246	S. pseudintermedius	T007	C1680786
28075235	261	269	detected	T033	C0442726
28075235	273	279	humans	T016	C0086418
28075235	305	311	people	T098	C0027361
28075235	315	327	contact with	T169	C0332158
28075235	328	332	dogs	T015	C0012984
28075235	342	347	study	T062	C0681814
28075235	353	361	possible	T033	C0332149
28075235	362	381	S. pseudintermedius	T007	C1680786
28075235	382	385	pet	T008	C0031268
28075235	391	396	human	T016	C0086418
28075235	397	409	transmission	T046	C0242781
28075235	414	422	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28075235	431	439	clinical	T080	C0205210
28075235	440	445	human	T016	C0086418
28075235	446	451	cases	T169	C0868928
28075235	457	465	patients	T101	C0030705
28075235	471	474	dog	T015	C0012984
28075235	475	481	owners	T098	C1704784
28075235	486	505	S. pseudintermedius	T007	C1680786
28075235	515	523	detected	T033	C0442726
28075235	527	536	colonizer	T033	C2747813
28075235	546	553	healthy	T080	C3898900
28075235	554	561	animals	T008	C0003062
28075235	563	582	S. pseudintermedius	T007	C1680786
28075235	583	591	isolates	T123	C1764827
28075235	597	605	patients	T101	C0030705
28075235	610	614	dogs	T015	C0012984
28075235	627	636	household	T099	C0020052
28075235	644	653	identical	T080	C0205280
28075235	654	686	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis	T059	C0085117
28075235	687	695	patterns	T082	C0449774
28075235	697	711	sequence types	T033	C2359784
28075235	713	716	STs	T033	C2359784
28075235	723	747	antimicrobial resistance	T201	C1456627
28075235	748	772	phenotypes and genotypes	T032	C0678920
28075235	783	806	methicillin susceptible	T032	C0079830
28075235	808	818	Resistance	T169	C4281815
28075235	822	834	erythromycin	T109,T195	C0014806
28075235	836	847	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
28075235	849	861	tetracycline	T109,T195	C0039644
28075235	863	891	trimetoprim-sulfamethoxazole	T121	C0041044
28075235	900	913	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
28075235	918	928	identified	T080	C0205396
28075235	935	954	S. pseudintermedius	T007	C1680786
28075235	955	962	strains	T001	C1518614
28075235	968	976	lineages	T077	C1881379
28075235	977	982	ST241	T033	C2359784
28075235	995	1000	ST521	T033	C2359784
28075235	1006	1014	detected	T033	C0442726
28075235	1022	1029	strains	T001	C1518614
28075235	1041	1044	dog	T015	C0012984
28075235	1047	1052	owner	T098	C1704784
28075235	1053	1061	patients	T101	C0030705
28075235	1081	1088	strains	T001	C1518614
28075235	1098	1103	other	T080	C0205394
28075235	1108	1116	patients	T101	C0030705
28075235	1117	1126	presented	T078	C0449450
28075235	1135	1138	STs	T033	C2359784
28075235	1140	1145	ST719	T033	C2359784
28075235	1150	1155	ST720	T033	C2359784
28075235	1164	1173	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28075235	1193	1204	description	T170	C0678257
28075235	1208	1213	human	T016	C0086418
28075235	1214	1224	infections	T046	C3714514
28075235	1235	1254	S. pseudintermedius	T007	C1680786
28075235	1258	1263	Spain	T083	C0037747

28075453|t|miR-375 inhibits cancer stem cell phenotype and tamoxifen resistance by degrading HOXB3 in human ER-positive breast cancer
28075453|a|Cancer stem cell (CSC) formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are pivotal events in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. They have been shown to occur in resistance to tamoxifen. Moreover, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been associated with CSCs, EMT as well as tamoxifen resistance. Studying molecular mechanism of CSCs, EMT as well as tamoxifen resistance will help us to further understand the pathogenesis and progression of the disease and offer new targets for effective therapies. In the present study, we showed that miR-375 inhibits CSC traits in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation identified HOXB3 as a direct target of miR-375. Overexpressing miR-375 degraded HOXB3 mRNA in MCF-7 cells. Moreover, overexpression of HOXB3 induced formation of CSC phenotypes, EMT and tamoxifen - resistance as well as enhanced ability of migration and invasion in MCF-7 cells. Most ER-positive breast cancer -related deaths occur, because of resistance to standard therapies and metastasis, restoring miR-375 or targeting HOXB3 might serve as potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
28075453	0	7	miR-375	T028	C1537896
28075453	8	16	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28075453	17	33	cancer stem cell	T025	C1956422
28075453	34	43	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28075453	48	57	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28075453	58	68	resistance	T038	C0013203
28075453	82	87	HOXB3	T028	C1415666
28075453	91	96	human	T016	C0086418
28075453	97	108	ER-positive	T034	C3640067
28075453	109	122	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28075453	123	139	Cancer stem cell	T025	C1956422
28075453	141	144	CSC	T025	C1956422
28075453	146	155	formation	T169	C1522492
28075453	160	193	epithelial-mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
28075453	195	198	EMT	T043	C1523298
28075453	222	241	tumor cell invasion	T033	C1269955
28075453	246	256	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28075453	291	301	resistance	T038	C0013203
28075453	305	314	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28075453	326	335	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28075453	337	343	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28075453	355	370	associated with	T080	C0332281
28075453	371	375	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28075453	377	380	EMT	T043	C1523298
28075453	392	401	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28075453	402	412	resistance	T038	C0013203
28075453	414	422	Studying	T062	C2603343
28075453	423	442	molecular mechanism	T044	C3537153
28075453	446	450	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28075453	452	455	EMT	T043	C1523298
28075453	467	476	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28075453	477	487	resistance	T038	C0013203
28075453	527	539	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28075453	544	570	progression of the disease	T046	C0242656
28075453	607	616	therapies	T061	C0087111
28075453	633	638	study	T062	C2603343
28075453	655	662	miR-375	T028	C1537896
28075453	663	671	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28075453	672	682	CSC traits	T025	C1956422
28075453	686	699	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28075453	700	711	MCF-7 cells	T025	C0596890
28075453	713	727	Bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28075453	728	736	analysis	T062	C0936012
28075453	741	764	experimental validation	T062	C1519941
28075453	776	781	HOXB3	T028	C1415666
28075453	804	811	miR-375	T028	C1537896
28075453	813	827	Overexpressing	T045	C0017262
28075453	828	835	miR-375	T028	C1537896
28075453	845	850	HOXB3	T028	C1415666
28075453	851	855	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28075453	859	870	MCF-7 cells	T025	C0596890
28075453	882	896	overexpression	T045	C0017262
28075453	900	905	HOXB3	T028	C1415666
28075453	927	941	CSC phenotypes	T025	C1956422
28075453	943	946	EMT	T043	C1523298
28075453	951	960	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28075453	963	973	resistance	T038	C0013203
28075453	1005	1014	migration	T039	C1533574
28075453	1019	1027	invasion	T046	C2699153
28075453	1031	1042	MCF-7 cells	T025	C0596890
28075453	1049	1060	ER-positive	T034	C3640067
28075453	1061	1074	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28075453	1084	1090	deaths	T040	C0011065
28075453	1109	1119	resistance	T169	C4281815
28075453	1132	1141	therapies	T061	C0087111
28075453	1146	1156	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28075453	1168	1175	miR-375	T028	C1537896
28075453	1189	1194	HOXB3	T028	C1415666
28075453	1220	1242	therapeutic approaches	T169	C0039798
28075453	1251	1260	treatment	T061	C0087111
28075453	1264	1297	tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer	T191	C0678222

28075493|t|Joint stability after canine cranial cruciate ligament graft reconstruction varies among femoral fixation sites
28075493|a|To quantify stability in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficient canine stifles with hamstring grafts affixed at 3 femoral locations. Canine stifle motion study using a multi-cohort, repeated measures design. 27 canine cadaver stifles. Hamstring grafts (HG) were affixed at the gracilis - semitendinosus insertion and on the lateral femur (1) proximal trochlear ridge (TR), (2) craniodistal to fabella (F), or (3) condyle center (CC). Total, cranial, and caudal tibial translation and total, medial, and lateral angular displacement, with and without translational load, were quantified with the CrCL intact, transected, and reconstructed. Angular displacement was quantified from points on the distal femur and proximal tibia. Graft strain was calculated from tissue displacement measured at joint angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°. Tibial translation was lowest in F constructs, which also achieved the least difference in tibial translation from intact stifles. Tibial translation was lower in intact stifles than in CrCL transected or reconstructed stifles. Less angular displacement of the proximal tibia was detected in the medial than in the lateral direction, and tibial displacement was lower in the cranial than the caudal direction. Angular displacement was lowest in the F treatment group. F constructs had the lowest graft strain at joint angles greater than 30°. Femoral fixation of a canine hamstring graft craniodistal to the lateral fabella conferred the best joint stability and lowest graft strain in vitro. No fixation method restored joint stability of the intact CrCL.
28075493	0	15	Joint stability	T033	C0427257
28075493	22	28	canine	T015	C0012984
28075493	29	54	cranial cruciate ligament	T023	C0078960
28075493	55	75	graft reconstruction	T061	C0547071
28075493	89	96	femoral	T023	C0015811
28075493	97	111	fixation sites	T082	C0449675
28075493	115	123	quantify	T081	C1709793
28075493	124	133	stability	T080	C0205360
28075493	137	162	cranial cruciate ligament	T023	C0078960
28075493	164	168	CrCL	T023	C0078960
28075493	170	179	deficient	T169	C0011155
28075493	180	186	canine	T015	C0012984
28075493	187	194	stifles	T030	C1456798
28075493	200	216	hamstring grafts	T061	C1279739
28075493	217	224	affixed	T067	C3714578
28075493	230	237	femoral	T023	C0015811
28075493	238	247	locations	T029	C1515974
28075493	249	255	Canine	T015	C0012984
28075493	256	262	stifle	T030	C1456798
28075493	263	269	motion	T070	C0026597
28075493	284	296	multi-cohort	T081	C4288576
28075493	298	322	repeated measures design	T062	C0871881
28075493	327	333	canine	T015	C0012984
28075493	334	341	cadaver	T017	C0006629
28075493	342	349	stifles	T030	C1456798
28075493	351	367	Hamstring grafts	T061	C1279739
28075493	369	371	HG	T061	C1279739
28075493	378	385	affixed	T067	C3714578
28075493	393	401	gracilis	T023	C0224439
28075493	404	418	semitendinosus	T023	C0224453
28075493	419	428	insertion	T023	C1283556
28075493	440	453	lateral femur	T023	C0015811
28075493	458	466	proximal	T082	C0205107
28075493	467	476	trochlear	T029	C0816699
28075493	477	482	ridge	T082	C1947915
28075493	484	486	TR	T082	C1947915
28075493	493	505	craniodistal	T023	C0037303
28075493	509	516	fabella	T023	C0223863
28075493	518	519	F	T023	C0223863
28075493	529	543	condyle center	T023	C0524414
28075493	545	547	CC	T023	C0524414
28075493	550	555	Total	T080	C0439810
28075493	557	564	cranial	T082	C3163632
28075493	570	576	caudal	T029	C0205097
28075493	577	583	tibial	T023	C0040184
28075493	584	595	translation	T201	C1286273
28075493	600	605	total	T080	C0439810
28075493	607	613	medial	T082	C0205098
28075493	619	626	lateral	T082	C0205093
28075493	627	634	angular	T082	C0205143
28075493	635	647	displacement	T169	C0333046
28075493	691	701	quantified	T081	C1709793
28075493	711	715	CrCL	T023	C0078960
28075493	716	722	intact	T080	C0205266
28075493	724	734	transected	T169	C0332847
28075493	740	753	reconstructed	T061	C0547071
28075493	755	762	Angular	T082	C0205143
28075493	763	775	displacement	T169	C0333046
28075493	780	790	quantified	T081	C1709793
28075493	796	802	points	T082	C3714763
28075493	810	822	distal femur	T023	C0588194
28075493	827	841	proximal tibia	T023	C0588198
28075493	843	855	Graft strain	T037	C0434303
28075493	860	870	calculated	T052	C1441506
28075493	876	882	tissue	T024	C0040300
28075493	883	895	displacement	T169	C0333046
28075493	896	904	measured	T080	C0444706
28075493	908	913	joint	T030	C0022417
28075493	914	920	angles	T082	C0205143
28075493	949	955	Tibial	T023	C0040184
28075493	956	967	translation	T201	C1286273
28075493	982	983	F	T023	C0223863
28075493	1026	1036	difference	T080	C1705242
28075493	1040	1046	tibial	T023	C0040184
28075493	1047	1058	translation	T201	C1286273
28075493	1064	1070	intact	T080	C0205266
28075493	1071	1078	stifles	T030	C1456798
28075493	1080	1086	Tibial	T023	C0040184
28075493	1087	1098	translation	T201	C1286273
28075493	1112	1118	intact	T080	C0205266
28075493	1119	1126	stifles	T030	C1456798
28075493	1135	1139	CrCL	T023	C0078960
28075493	1140	1150	transected	T169	C0332847
28075493	1154	1167	reconstructed	T061	C0547071
28075493	1168	1175	stifles	T030	C1456798
28075493	1182	1189	angular	T082	C0205143
28075493	1190	1202	displacement	T169	C0333046
28075493	1210	1224	proximal tibia	T023	C0588198
28075493	1245	1251	medial	T082	C0205098
28075493	1264	1271	lateral	T082	C0205093
28075493	1272	1281	direction	T082	C0449738
28075493	1287	1293	tibial	T023	C0040184
28075493	1294	1306	displacement	T169	C0333046
28075493	1324	1331	cranial	T082	C3163632
28075493	1341	1347	caudal	T029	C0205097
28075493	1348	1357	direction	T082	C0449738
28075493	1359	1366	Angular	T082	C0205143
28075493	1367	1379	displacement	T169	C0333046
28075493	1398	1399	F	T023	C0223863
28075493	1400	1409	treatment	T169	C1522326
28075493	1410	1415	group	T078	C0441833
28075493	1417	1418	F	T023	C0223863
28075493	1445	1457	graft strain	T037	C0434303
28075493	1461	1466	joint	T030	C0022417
28075493	1467	1473	angles	T082	C0205143
28075493	1492	1508	Femoral fixation	T170	C0449350
28075493	1514	1520	canine	T015	C0012984
28075493	1521	1536	hamstring graft	T061	C1279739
28075493	1537	1549	craniodistal	T023	C0037303
28075493	1557	1564	lateral	T082	C0205093
28075493	1565	1572	fabella	T023	C0223863
28075493	1592	1607	joint stability	T033	C0427257
28075493	1619	1631	graft strain	T037	C0434303
28075493	1632	1640	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28075493	1645	1653	fixation	T061	C0185023
28075493	1654	1660	method	T169	C0449851
28075493	1670	1685	joint stability	T033	C0427257
28075493	1693	1699	intact	T080	C0205266
28075493	1700	1704	CrCL	T023	C0078960

28075514|t|TANGO - a screening tool to identify comorbidities on the causal pathway of nocturia
28075514|a|To develop a robust screening metric for use in identifying non-lower urinary tract comorbidities pertinent to the multidisciplinary assessment of patients with nocturia. Variables having a significant risk association with nocturia of greater than once per night were identified. Discriminating items from validated and reliable tools measuring these comorbidities were identified. A self-completed 57-item questionnaire was developed and a medical checklist and pertinent clinical measures added. Pre-determined criteria were applied to retain or remove items in the development of the Short-Form (SF) screening tool. The tool was administered to 252 individuals with nocturia who were attending either a tertiary level Sleep, Continence, Falls or Rehabilitation service for routine care. Data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis; criteria were applied to reduce the number of items. Using pre-determined domains, a nocturia screening metric, entitled TANGO, was generated. The acronym TANGO stands for Targeting the individual's Aetiology of Nocturia to Guide Outcomes. The demographic characteristics of the sample are described, along with item endorsement levels. The statistical and structural framework to justify deleting or retaining of items from the TANGO Long-Form to the SF is presented. The resultant TANGO - SF patient -completed nocturia screening tool is reported. A novel all-cause diagnostic metric for identifying co-existing morbidities of clinical relevance to nocturia in patients who present across disciplines and medical specialties has been developed. TANGO has the potential to improve practice and smooth inequalities associated with a siloed approach to assessment and subsequent care of patients with nocturia.
28075514	0	5	TANGO	T170	C0282574
28075514	10	24	screening tool	T058	C0220908
28075514	37	50	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28075514	58	72	causal pathway	T170	C0282654
28075514	76	84	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28075514	98	121	robust screening metric	T058	C1710032
28075514	155	168	urinary tract	T023	C0042027
28075514	169	182	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28075514	200	228	multidisciplinary assessment	T060	C0729737
28075514	232	240	patients	T101	C0030705
28075514	246	254	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28075514	256	265	Variables	T080	C0439828
28075514	292	308	association with	T080	C0332281
28075514	309	317	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28075514	343	348	night	T079	C0240526
28075514	366	380	Discriminating	T080	C0205235
28075514	415	420	tools	T058	C0220908
28075514	437	450	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28075514	493	506	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28075514	527	534	medical	T169	C0205476
28075514	535	544	checklist	T170	C1707357
28075514	559	576	clinical measures	T033	C3266594
28075514	673	683	Short-Form	T170	C2964478
28075514	685	687	SF	T170	C2964478
28075514	689	703	screening tool	T058	C0220908
28075514	709	713	tool	T058	C0220908
28075514	738	749	individuals	T098	C0237401
28075514	755	763	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28075514	807	812	Sleep	T040	C0037313
28075514	814	824	Continence	T061	C0442964
28075514	826	831	Falls	T033	C0085639
28075514	835	857	Rehabilitation service	T058	C0587660
28075514	862	874	routine care	T058	C0262500
28075514	876	890	Data collected	T033	C4019276
28075514	909	929	descriptive analysis	T170	C0678257
28075514	1016	1024	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28075514	1025	1041	screening metric	T058	C1710032
28075514	1052	1057	TANGO	T170	C0282574
28075514	1086	1091	TANGO	T170	C0282574
28075514	1103	1112	Targeting	T169	C1521840
28075514	1117	1139	individual's Aetiology	T169	C0015127
28075514	1143	1151	Nocturia	T047	C0028734
28075514	1175	1202	demographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28075514	1272	1283	statistical	T062	C0871424
28075514	1288	1308	structural framework	T073	C0026349
28075514	1360	1365	TANGO	T170	C0282574
28075514	1383	1385	SF	T170	C2964478
28075514	1414	1419	TANGO	T170	C0282574
28075514	1422	1424	SF	T170	C2964478
28075514	1425	1432	patient	T101	C0030705
28075514	1444	1452	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28075514	1453	1467	screening tool	T058	C0220908
28075514	1499	1509	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28075514	1545	1556	morbidities	T081	C0026538
28075514	1560	1578	clinical relevance	T201	C0683325
28075514	1582	1590	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28075514	1594	1602	patients	T101	C0030705
28075514	1622	1633	disciplines	T058	C0237070
28075514	1638	1657	medical specialties	T091	C0037778
28075514	1678	1683	TANGO	T170	C0282574
28075514	1726	1745	smooth inequalities	T080	C0242503
28075514	1746	1761	associated with	T080	C0332281
28075514	1783	1793	assessment	T058	C0220825
28075514	1809	1813	care	T052	C1947933
28075514	1817	1825	patients	T101	C0030705
28075514	1831	1839	nocturia	T047	C0028734

28076405|t|Development and Validation of a New Reliable Method for the Diagnosis of Avian Botulism
28076405|a|Liver is a reliable matrix for laboratory confirmation of avian botulism using real-time PCR. Here, we developed, optimized, and validated the analytical steps preceding PCR to maximize the detection of Clostridium botulinum group III in avian liver. These pre - PCR steps included enrichment incubation of the whole liver (maximum 25 g) at 37°C for at least 24 h in an anaerobic chamber and DNA extraction using an enzymatic digestion step followed by a DNA purification step. Conditions of sample storage before analysis appear to have a strong effect on the detection of group III C. botulinum strains and our results recommend storage at temperatures below -18°C. Short-term storage at 5°C is possible for up to 24 h, but a decrease in sensitivity was observed at 48 h of storage at this temperature. Analysis of whole livers (maximum 25 g) is required and pooling samples before enrichment culturing must be avoided. Pooling is however possible before or after DNA extraction under certain conditions. Whole livers should be 10-fold diluted in enrichment medium and homogenized using a Pulsifier® blender (Microgen, Surrey, UK) instead of a conventional paddle blender. Spiked liver samples showed a limit of detection of 5 spores /g liver for types C and D and 250 spores /g for type E. Using the method developed here, the analysis of 268 samples from 73 suspected outbreaks showed 100% specificity and 95.35% sensitivity compared with other PCR -based methods considered as reference. The mosaic type C / D was the most common neurotoxin type found in examined samples, which included both wild and domestic birds.
28076405	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
28076405	16	26	Validation	T062	C1519941
28076405	45	51	Method	T059	C0022885
28076405	60	69	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28076405	73	78	Avian	T012	C0005595
28076405	79	87	Botulism	T037	C0006057
28076405	88	93	Liver	T023	C0023884
28076405	108	114	matrix	T031	C1706515
28076405	119	129	laboratory	T059	C0022885
28076405	130	145	confirmation of	T080	C0521091
28076405	146	151	avian	T012	C0005595
28076405	152	160	botulism	T037	C0006057
28076405	167	180	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
28076405	191	200	developed	T169	C1527148
28076405	202	211	optimized	T052	C2698650
28076405	217	226	validated	T062	C1519941
28076405	231	241	analytical	T062	C0936012
28076405	242	247	steps	T077	C1261552
28076405	248	257	preceding	T079	C0332152
28076405	258	261	PCR	T063	C0032520
28076405	278	287	detection	T033	C0442726
28076405	291	322	Clostridium botulinum group III	T007	C4303900
28076405	326	331	avian	T012	C0005595
28076405	332	337	liver	T023	C0023884
28076405	345	348	pre	T079	C0332152
28076405	351	354	PCR	T063	C0032520
28076405	355	360	steps	T077	C1261552
28076405	370	380	enrichment	T130	C0010454
28076405	381	391	incubation	T059	C1439852
28076405	405	410	liver	T023	C0023884
28076405	429	433	37°C	T059	C1545716
28076405	450	451	h	T079	C0439227
28076405	458	475	anaerobic chamber	T074	C0179876
28076405	480	494	DNA extraction	T063	C3839098
28076405	504	523	enzymatic digestion	T059	C0523169
28076405	543	559	DNA purification	T059	C0872148
28076405	580	586	sample	T077	C2347026
28076405	587	594	storage	T169	C1698986
28076405	602	610	analysis	T062	C0936012
28076405	635	641	effect	T080	C1280500
28076405	649	658	detection	T033	C0442726
28076405	662	692	group III C. botulinum strains	T007	C4304189
28076405	701	708	results	T169	C1274040
28076405	719	726	storage	T169	C1698986
28076405	730	742	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28076405	756	766	Short-term	T079	C0443303
28076405	767	774	storage	T169	C1698986
28076405	807	808	h	T079	C0439227
28076405	816	824	decrease	T081	C0547047
28076405	828	839	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28076405	859	860	h	T079	C0439227
28076405	864	871	storage	T169	C1698986
28076405	880	891	temperature	T081	C0039476
28076405	893	901	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28076405	911	917	livers	T023	C0023884
28076405	949	956	pooling	T169	C2349200
28076405	957	964	samples	T077	C2347026
28076405	972	992	enrichment culturing	T059	C0040284
28076405	1010	1017	Pooling	T169	C2349200
28076405	1054	1068	DNA extraction	T063	C3839098
28076405	1101	1107	livers	T023	C0023884
28076405	1137	1154	enrichment medium	T130	C0010454
28076405	1179	1197	Pulsifier® blender	T074	C0492537
28076405	1209	1215	Surrey	T083	C0454877
28076405	1217	1219	UK	T083	C0041700
28076405	1247	1261	paddle blender	T074	C0492537
28076405	1263	1275	Spiked liver	T023	C0023884
28076405	1276	1283	samples	T077	C2347026
28076405	1302	1311	detection	T033	C0442726
28076405	1317	1323	spores	T007	C0038028
28076405	1327	1332	liver	T023	C0023884
28076405	1337	1344	types C	T007	C4304189
28076405	1349	1350	D	T007	C4304187
28076405	1359	1365	spores	T007	C0038028
28076405	1373	1379	type E	T007	C4303900
28076405	1391	1397	method	T059	C0022885
28076405	1398	1407	developed	T169	C1527148
28076405	1418	1426	analysis	T062	C0936012
28076405	1434	1441	samples	T077	C2347026
28076405	1460	1469	outbreaks	T081	C0021149
28076405	1482	1493	specificity	T081	C0037791
28076405	1505	1516	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28076405	1517	1525	compared	T052	C1707455
28076405	1537	1540	PCR	T063	C0032520
28076405	1548	1555	methods	T059	C0022885
28076405	1585	1598	mosaic type C	T007	C4304189
28076405	1601	1602	D	T007	C4304187
28076405	1623	1633	neurotoxin	T131	C0027934
28076405	1657	1664	samples	T077	C2347026
28076405	1686	1690	wild	T012	C0325328
28076405	1695	1709	domestic birds	T012	C0324556

28077027|t|Probabilistic acute risk assessment of cumulative exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides from dietary vegetables and fruits in Shanghai populations
28077027|a|Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and carbamate pesticides (CPs) are among the most widely used pesticides in China, playing a major role in protecting agricultural commodities. In this study, we determined the cumulative acute exposure to OPs and CPs of Shanghai residents from vegetables and fruits (VFs). The food consumption data were obtained from the Shanghai Food Consumption Survey (SHFCS) of 2012-14 including a total of 1973 participants aged 2-90 years. The pesticide residue data were obtained from the Shanghai monitoring programme during 2008-11 with 34 organophosphates and 11 carbamates analysed in a total of 5335 samples of VFs. A probabilistic approach was performed as recommended by the EFSA, using the optimistic model with non-detects set as zero and with processing factors (PFs) being used and the pessimistic model with non-detects replaced by limit of detection (LOD) and without PFs. We used the relative potency factor (RPF) method to normalise the various pesticides to the index compound (IC) of methamidophos and chlorpyrifos separately. Only in the pessimistic model using methamidophos as the IC was there was small risk of exposure exceeding the ARfD (3 µg kg(-)(1) bw day (-)(1)) in the populations of preschool children (0.029%), school-age children (0.022%) and adults (0.002%). There were no risk of exposure exceeding the ARfD of methamidophos in the optimistic model and of chlorpyrifos (100 µg kg(-)(1) bw day (-)(1)) in both optimistic and pessimistic models in all three populations. Considering the Chinese habits of overwhelmingly eating processed food (vegetables being cooked, and fruits being washed or peeled), we conclude that little acute risk was found for the exposure to VF - sourced OPs and CPs in Shanghai.
28077027	0	13	Probabilistic	T081	C0033204
28077027	14	19	acute	T079	C0205178
28077027	20	35	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
28077027	39	58	cumulative exposure	T067	C2986588
28077027	62	78	organophosphorus	T109,T131	C0360429
28077027	83	103	carbamate pesticides	T109,T121,T131	C0360422
28077027	109	127	dietary vegetables	T168	C0042440
28077027	132	138	fruits	T168	C0016767
28077027	142	150	Shanghai	UnknownType	C0681784
28077027	151	162	populations	T098	C1257890
28077027	163	190	Organophosphorus pesticides	T109,T131	C0360429
28077027	192	195	OPs	T109,T131	C0360429
28077027	201	221	carbamate pesticides	T109,T121,T131	C0360422
28077027	223	226	CPs	T109,T121,T131	C0360422
28077027	259	269	pesticides	T131	C0031253
28077027	273	278	China	T083	C0008115
28077027	304	314	protecting	T033	C1545588
28077027	315	339	agricultural commodities	T002	C0242775
28077027	359	369	determined	T080	C0521095
28077027	374	399	cumulative acute exposure	T067	C2986588
28077027	403	406	OPs	T109,T131	C0360429
28077027	411	414	CPs	T109,T121,T131	C0360422
28077027	418	426	Shanghai	UnknownType	C0681784
28077027	427	436	residents	T098	C2347958
28077027	442	452	vegetables	T168	C0042440
28077027	457	463	fruits	T168	C0016767
28077027	465	468	VFs	T168	C0016452
28077027	475	491	food consumption	T052	C2983605
28077027	492	496	data	T078	C1511726
28077027	502	510	obtained	T169	C1301820
28077027	520	552	Shanghai Food Consumption Survey	T170	C0038951
28077027	554	559	SHFCS	T170	C0038951
28077027	598	610	participants	T098	C0679646
28077027	611	615	aged	T032	C0001779
28077027	621	626	years	T079	C0439234
28077027	632	649	pesticide residue	T131	C0031251
28077027	650	654	data	T078	C1511726
28077027	660	668	obtained	T169	C1301820
28077027	678	686	Shanghai	UnknownType	C0681784
28077027	687	697	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28077027	698	707	programme	T169	C3484370
28077027	731	747	organophosphates	T109,T131	C0360429
28077027	755	765	carbamates	T109,T121,T131	C0360422
28077027	794	801	samples	T167	C0444315
28077027	805	808	VFs	T168	C0016452
28077027	812	825	probabilistic	T081	C0033204
28077027	839	848	performed	T169	C0884358
28077027	852	863	recommended	T078	C0034866
28077027	871	875	EFSA	T170	C0282574
28077027	887	903	optimistic model	T170	C3161035
28077027	928	932	zero	T081	C0919414
28077027	942	952	processing	T057	C0016487
28077027	953	960	factors	T169	C1521761
28077027	962	965	PFs	T169	C1521761
28077027	986	1003	pessimistic model	T170	C3161035
28077027	1021	1032	replaced by	T169	C1299987
28077027	1033	1051	limit of detection	T081	C2718050
28077027	1053	1056	LOD	T081	C2718050
28077027	1062	1069	without	T080	C0332288
28077027	1070	1073	PFs	T169	C1521761
28077027	1087	1123	relative potency factor (RPF) method	T170	C0025663
28077027	1149	1159	pesticides	T131	C0031253
28077027	1167	1181	index compound	T103	C1706082
28077027	1183	1185	IC	T103	C1706082
28077027	1190	1203	methamidophos	T109,T131	C0066080
28077027	1208	1220	chlorpyrifos	T109,T131	C0013328
28077027	1221	1231	separately	T080	C0443299
28077027	1245	1262	pessimistic model	T170	C3161035
28077027	1269	1282	methamidophos	T109,T131	C0066080
28077027	1290	1292	IC	T103	C1706082
28077027	1313	1317	risk	T078	C0035647
28077027	1321	1329	exposure	T080	C0332157
28077027	1344	1348	ARfD	T081	C0454255
28077027	1367	1370	day	T079	C0439228
28077027	1386	1397	populations	T098	C1257890
28077027	1401	1419	preschool children	T100	C0008100
28077027	1430	1449	school-age children	T100	C2827631
28077027	1463	1469	adults	T100	C0001675
28077027	1491	1498	no risk	T033	C4036089
28077027	1502	1510	exposure	T080	C0332157
28077027	1525	1529	ARfD	T081	C0454255
28077027	1533	1546	methamidophos	T109,T131	C0066080
28077027	1554	1570	optimistic model	T170	C3161035
28077027	1578	1590	chlorpyrifos	T109,T131	C0013328
28077027	1611	1614	day	T079	C0439228
28077027	1631	1641	optimistic	T033	C0564470
28077027	1646	1664	pessimistic models	T170	C3161035
28077027	1678	1689	populations	T098	C1257890
28077027	1707	1721	Chinese habits	T033	C2242848
28077027	1740	1746	eating	T040	C0013470
28077027	1747	1761	processed food	T168	C0344355
28077027	1763	1773	vegetables	T168	C0042440
28077027	1780	1786	cooked	T056	C0335326
28077027	1792	1798	fruits	T168	C0016767
28077027	1805	1811	washed	T078	C1548982
28077027	1815	1821	peeled	T169	C0441602
28077027	1848	1853	acute	T079	C0205178
28077027	1854	1858	risk	T078	C0035647
28077027	1877	1888	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28077027	1889	1891	VF	T168	C0016452
28077027	1894	1901	sourced	T033	C0449416
28077027	1902	1905	OPs	T109,T131	C0360429
28077027	1910	1913	CPs	T109,T121,T131	C0360422
28077027	1917	1925	Shanghai	UnknownType	C0681784

28077046|t|Rational use of rasburicase for the treatment and management of tumor lysis syndrome
28077046|a|Purpose There is a lack of high-level evidence identifying meaningful outcomes and the optimal place in therapy of rasburicase in patients with, or at high risk for tumor lysis syndrome. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate and characterize outcomes resulting from an institution-specific guideline emphasizing supportive care, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, and lower doses of rasburicase. Methods In this retrospective chart review, we compared conservative rasburicase dosing, in accordance with newly developed UMHS tumor lysis syndrome guidelines, with aggressive rasburicase in adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) with hematological or solid tumor malignancies, and a uric acid level between 8 and 15 mg/dL. The primary efficacy outcome assessed the difference in the proportion of patients achieving a uric acid level <8 mg/dL within 48 h using a one-sided noninferiority test. The principle safety outcomes analyzed included incidence of acute kidney injury and hemodialysis requirement. Results One hundred sixty-one patients met inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Within 48 h of an elevated uric acid level, treatment was successful in 97.03% of patients in the conservative group, as compared with 98.33% in the aggressive group (difference, 1.3 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], -3.33 to 5.93). Furthermore, there was no difference in the proportion of patients requiring hemodialysis (2.97% vs. 10.0%, p-value 0.079), or incidence of acute kidney injury (4.0% vs. 12.5%, p-value 1.00) between the treatment group and control group, respectively. Conclusions Conservative rasburicase use was noninferior to aggressive rasburicase use in patients with or at high risk for tumor lysis syndrome.
28077046	9	12	use	T169	C0457083
28077046	16	27	rasburicase	T116,T121,T126	C0937932
28077046	36	45	treatment	T061	C0087111
28077046	50	60	management	T058	C0376636
28077046	64	84	tumor lysis syndrome	T047	C0041364
28077046	104	111	lack of	T080	C0332268
28077046	123	131	evidence	T078	C3887511
28077046	144	163	meaningful outcomes	T169	C1274040
28077046	189	196	therapy	T061	C0087111
28077046	200	211	rasburicase	T116,T121,T126	C0937932
28077046	215	223	patients	T101	C0030705
28077046	233	245	at high risk	T033	C0332167
28077046	250	270	tumor lysis syndrome	T047	C0041364
28077046	302	307	study	T062	C2603343
28077046	315	323	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28077046	328	340	characterize	T052	C1880022
28077046	341	349	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28077046	368	398	institution-specific guideline	T170	C0870077
28077046	411	426	supportive care	T061	C0344211
28077046	428	455	xanthine oxidase inhibitors	T109,T121	C0302609
28077046	461	472	lower doses	T081	C0178602
28077046	476	487	rasburicase	T116,T121,T126	C0937932
28077046	489	496	Methods	T170	C0025663
28077046	505	518	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28077046	519	531	chart review	UnknownType	C0553620
28077046	536	544	compared	T052	C1707455
28077046	545	557	conservative	T061	C0459914
28077046	558	569	rasburicase	T116,T121,T126	C0937932
28077046	570	576	dosing	T081	C0178602
28077046	613	617	UMHS	T093	C1708333
28077046	618	638	tumor lysis syndrome	T047	C0041364
28077046	639	649	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28077046	656	666	aggressive	T079	C0580822
28077046	667	678	rasburicase	T116,T121,T126	C0937932
28077046	682	687	adult	T100	C0001675
28077046	688	696	patients	T101	C0030705
28077046	703	715	years of age	T079	C1510829
28077046	722	735	hematological	T191	C0376545
28077046	739	763	solid tumor malignancies	T191	C1698088
28077046	771	786	uric acid level	T059	C0202239
28077046	823	831	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28077046	832	839	outcome	T169	C1274040
28077046	840	848	assessed	T052	C1516048
28077046	853	863	difference	T081	C1705241
28077046	871	881	proportion	T081	C1709707
28077046	885	893	patients	T101	C0030705
28077046	906	921	uric acid level	T059	C0202239
28077046	951	980	one-sided noninferiority test	T170	C0392366
28077046	996	1011	safety outcomes	T169	C1274040
28077046	1012	1020	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28077046	1043	1062	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28077046	1067	1079	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
28077046	1080	1091	requirement	T169	C1514873
28077046	1093	1100	Results	T169	C1274040
28077046	1123	1131	patients	T101	C0030705
28077046	1136	1154	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28077046	1180	1185	study	T062	C2603343
28077046	1205	1229	elevated uric acid level	T033	C0041981
28077046	1231	1240	treatment	T169	C0039798
28077046	1245	1255	successful	T080	C1272703
28077046	1269	1277	patients	T101	C0030705
28077046	1285	1297	conservative	T061	C0459914
28077046	1298	1303	group	T078	C0441833
28077046	1336	1346	aggressive	T079	C0580822
28077046	1347	1352	group	T078	C0441833
28077046	1393	1412	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28077046	1414	1416	CI	T081	C0009667
28077046	1458	1471	no difference	T033	C3842396
28077046	1479	1489	proportion	T081	C1709707
28077046	1493	1501	patients	T101	C0030705
28077046	1512	1524	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
28077046	1543	1550	p-value	T081	C1709380
28077046	1562	1571	incidence	T081	C0021149
28077046	1575	1594	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28077046	1612	1619	p-value	T081	C1709380
28077046	1638	1653	treatment group	T078	C0441833
28077046	1658	1671	control group	T096	C0009932
28077046	1699	1711	Conservative	T061	C0459914
28077046	1712	1723	rasburicase	T116,T121,T126	C0937932
28077046	1732	1743	noninferior	T080	C0205556
28077046	1747	1757	aggressive	T079	C0580822
28077046	1758	1769	rasburicase	T116,T121,T126	C0937932
28077046	1777	1785	patients	T101	C0030705
28077046	1794	1806	at high risk	T033	C0332167
28077046	1811	1831	tumor lysis syndrome	T047	C0041364

28077112|t|Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in Burkina Faso: a countrywide cross-sectional study
28077112|a|High blood pressure (HBP) is an increasing public health issue for developing countries. HBP is an important contributing factor to many non-communicable diseases that were until very recently thought to be rare in developing countries. There is not enough evidence on its burden and risk factors in Africa. We report in this study on the prevalence and factors associated with HBP in the adult and active population of Burkina Faso from a nationally representative sample. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Stepwise approach to Surveillance(STEPS) survey on the prevalence of major risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Burkina Faso. This survey was conducted between September 26 and November 18, 2013 and involved a nationally representative sample of 4,800 adults aged 25 to 64 years. The risk factors were identified using a binary logistic regression in STATA Version 13.1 software. The analysis was conducted on a sample of 4629 participants of whom 72.18% lived in rural areas. The overall prevalence of hypertension in Burkina Faso was 18% (95% CI: 16.19%-19.96%). In urban areas the prevalence was 24.81% (95% CI 20.21%-30.07%) and 15.37% (95% CI 13.67%-17.24%) in rural areas. Increased Body Mass Index (BMI) and older age were consistently associated with higher odds of HBP in both residential areas. In addition, being of male sex, fat intake, family history of HBP and low level of HDL cholesterol were significantly associated with increased odds of HBP in rural residents. The prevalence of hypertension is high in Burkina Faso with roughly one person in five affected. There is a predominant burden in urban areas with prevalence of ten-point percent higher compared to rural area. Modifiable risk factors should be targeted with appropriate and effective strategies to curb the rising burden of hypertension and its consequences.
28077112	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
28077112	15	22	factors	T169	C1521761
28077112	23	38	associated with	T080	C0332281
28077112	39	51	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28077112	55	67	Burkina Faso	T083	C0006409
28077112	71	104	countrywide cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28077112	105	124	High blood pressure	T047	C0020538
28077112	126	129	HBP	T047	C0020538
28077112	137	147	increasing	T169	C0442808
28077112	148	154	public	T098	C1257890
28077112	155	161	health	T078	C0018684
28077112	162	167	issue	T033	C0033213
28077112	172	192	developing countries	T080	C0011750
28077112	194	197	HBP	T047	C0020538
28077112	204	213	important	T080	C3898777
28077112	214	226	contributing	T052	C1880177
28077112	227	233	factor	T169	C1521761
28077112	242	267	non-communicable diseases	T047	C0012634
28077112	289	297	recently	T079	C0332185
28077112	298	305	thought	T041	C0039869
28077112	312	316	rare	T080	C0522498
28077112	320	340	developing countries	T080	C0011750
28077112	362	370	evidence	T078	C3887511
28077112	378	384	burden	T078	C2828008
28077112	389	401	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28077112	405	411	Africa	T083	C0001737
28077112	416	422	report	T170	C1317750
28077112	431	436	study	T062	C2603343
28077112	444	454	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28077112	459	466	factors	T169	C1521761
28077112	467	482	associated with	T080	C0332281
28077112	483	486	HBP	T047	C0020538
28077112	494	499	adult	T100	C0001675
28077112	504	521	active population	T098	C1257890
28077112	525	537	Burkina Faso	T083	C0006409
28077112	545	555	nationally	T092	C1555720
28077112	556	570	representative	T052	C1882932
28077112	571	577	sample	T167	C0370003
28077112	594	620	secondary analysis of data	UnknownType	C0683944
28077112	630	655	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
28077112	657	660	WHO	T093	C0043237
28077112	662	679	Stepwise approach	T082	C0449445
28077112	683	702	Surveillance(STEPS)	T169	C0220920
28077112	703	709	survey	T170	C0038951
28077112	717	727	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28077112	731	736	major	T080	C0205164
28077112	737	749	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28077112	754	779	non-communicable diseases	T047	C0012634
28077112	783	795	Burkina Faso	T083	C0006409
28077112	802	808	survey	T170	C0038951
28077112	831	840	September	T079	C3828193
28077112	848	856	November	T079	C3828767
28077112	870	878	involved	T169	C1314939
28077112	881	891	nationally	T092	C1555720
28077112	892	906	representative	T052	C1882932
28077112	907	913	sample	T167	C0370003
28077112	923	929	adults	T100	C0001675
28077112	930	934	aged	T032	C0001779
28077112	944	949	years	T079	C0439234
28077112	955	967	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28077112	973	983	identified	T080	C0205396
28077112	992	1018	binary logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28077112	1022	1049	STATA Version 13.1 software	T073,T170	C0037585
28077112	1055	1063	analysis	T062	C0871424
28077112	1083	1089	sample	T167	C0370003
28077112	1098	1110	participants	T098	C0679646
28077112	1126	1131	lived	T082	C0337646
28077112	1135	1146	rural areas	T082	C0178837
28077112	1152	1159	overall	T080	C1561607
28077112	1160	1170	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28077112	1174	1186	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28077112	1190	1202	Burkina Faso	T083	C0006409
28077112	1216	1218	CI	T081	C0009667
28077112	1239	1250	urban areas	T082	C0178876
28077112	1255	1265	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28077112	1282	1284	CI	T081	C0009667
28077112	1316	1318	CI	T081	C0009667
28077112	1337	1348	rural areas	T082	C0178837
28077112	1350	1359	Increased	T081	C0205217
28077112	1360	1375	Body Mass Index	T201	C1305855
28077112	1377	1380	BMI	T201	C1305855
28077112	1386	1395	older age	T032	C0001779
28077112	1401	1413	consistently	T080	C0205556
28077112	1414	1429	associated with	T080	C0332281
28077112	1430	1436	higher	T080	C0205250
28077112	1445	1448	HBP	T047	C0020538
28077112	1452	1456	both	T080	C1706086
28077112	1457	1474	residential areas	T082	C1254362
28077112	1476	1487	In addition	T169	C0332287
28077112	1498	1506	male sex	T032	C0086582
28077112	1508	1518	fat intake	T201	C0489488
28077112	1520	1534	family history	T033	C0455405
28077112	1538	1541	HBP	T047	C0020538
28077112	1546	1558	low level of	T033	C0856966
28077112	1559	1574	HDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
28077112	1594	1609	associated with	T080	C0332281
28077112	1610	1619	increased	T081	C0205217
28077112	1628	1631	HBP	T047	C0020538
28077112	1635	1650	rural residents	T098	C0035962
28077112	1656	1666	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28077112	1670	1682	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28077112	1686	1690	high	T080	C0205250
28077112	1694	1706	Burkina Faso	T083	C0006409
28077112	1724	1730	person	T098	C0027361
28077112	1739	1747	affected	T080	C0205556
28077112	1760	1771	predominant	T080	C1542147
28077112	1772	1778	burden	T078	C2828008
28077112	1782	1793	urban areas	T082	C0178876
28077112	1799	1809	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28077112	1831	1837	higher	T080	C0205250
28077112	1838	1846	compared	T052	C1707455
28077112	1850	1860	rural area	T082	C0178837
28077112	1873	1885	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28077112	1896	1904	targeted	T169	C1521840
28077112	1910	1921	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28077112	1926	1935	effective	T080	C1704419
28077112	1936	1946	strategies	T041	C0679199
28077112	1959	1965	rising	T169	C0442808
28077112	1966	1972	burden	T078	C2828008
28077112	1976	1988	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28077112	1997	2009	consequences	T169	C0686907

28077155|t|MODEM: A comprehensive approach to modelling outcome and costs impacts of interventions for dementia. Protocol paper
28077155|a|The MODEM project (A comprehensive approach to MODelling outcome and costs impacts of interventions for DEMentia) explores how changes in arrangements for the future treatment and care of people living with dementia, and support for family and other unpaid carers, could result in better outcomes and more efficient use of resources. MODEM starts with a systematic mapping of the literature on effective and (potentially) cost - effective interventions in dementia care. Those findings, as well as data from a cohort, will then be used to model the quality of life and cost impacts of making these evidence -based interventions more widely available in England over the period from now to 2040. Modelling will use a suite of models, combining microsimulation and macrosimulation methods, modelling the costs and outcomes of care, both for an individual over the life-course from the point of dementia diagnosis, and for individuals and England as a whole in a particular year. Project outputs will include an online Dementia Evidence Toolkit, making evidence summaries and a literature database available free to anyone, papers in academic journals and other written outputs, and a MODEM Legacy Model, which will enable local commissioners of services to apply the model to their own populations. Modelling the effects of evidence -based cost - effective interventions and making this information widely available has the potential to improve the health and quality of life both of people with dementia and their carers, while ensuring that resources are used efficiently.
28077155	0	5	MODEM	T062	C0700032
28077155	9	22	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28077155	23	31	approach	T082	C0449445
28077155	35	44	modelling	T062	C0870071
28077155	45	52	outcome	T080	C0085415
28077155	57	62	costs	T081	C0010186
28077155	63	70	impacts	T080	C4049986
28077155	74	87	interventions	T061	C0184661
28077155	92	100	dementia	T048	C0497327
28077155	102	110	Protocol	T170	C0442711
28077155	111	116	paper	T073	C0030351
28077155	121	134	MODEM project	T062	C0700032
28077155	138	151	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28077155	152	160	approach	T082	C0449445
28077155	164	173	MODelling	T062	C0870071
28077155	174	181	outcome	T080	C0085415
28077155	186	191	costs	T081	C0010186
28077155	192	199	impacts	T080	C4049986
28077155	203	216	interventions	T061	C0184661
28077155	221	229	DEMentia	T048	C0497327
28077155	244	251	changes	T169	C0392747
28077155	276	282	future	T079	C0016884
28077155	283	292	treatment	T061	C0087111
28077155	297	301	care	T052	C1947933
28077155	305	311	people	T098	C0027361
28077155	324	332	dementia	T048	C0497327
28077155	338	345	support	T061	C0344211
28077155	350	356	family	T099	C0015576
28077155	367	373	unpaid	T033	C0557361
28077155	374	380	carers	T097	C1305660
28077155	388	394	result	T169	C1274040
28077155	405	413	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28077155	423	432	efficient	T080	C0442799
28077155	433	439	use of	T169	C1524063
28077155	440	449	resources	T078	C0035201
28077155	451	456	MODEM	T062	C0700032
28077155	471	481	systematic	T169	C0220922
28077155	482	489	mapping	T052	C1283195
28077155	497	507	literature	T170	C0023866
28077155	511	520	effective	T080	C1704419
28077155	539	543	cost	T081	C0010186
28077155	546	555	effective	T080	C1704419
28077155	556	569	interventions	T061	C0184661
28077155	573	581	dementia	T048	C0497327
28077155	582	586	care	T052	C1947933
28077155	594	602	findings	T169	C2607943
28077155	615	619	data	T078	C1511726
28077155	627	633	cohort	T098	C0599755
28077155	656	661	model	T170	C3161035
28077155	666	681	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28077155	686	690	cost	T081	C0010186
28077155	691	698	impacts	T080	C4049986
28077155	715	723	evidence	T078	C3887511
28077155	731	744	interventions	T061	C0184661
28077155	757	766	available	T169	C0470187
28077155	770	777	England	T083	C0014282
28077155	787	793	period	T079	C1948053
28077155	812	821	Modelling	T062	C0870071
28077155	842	848	models	T170	C3161035
28077155	850	859	combining	T080	C0205195
28077155	860	875	microsimulation	UnknownType	C0869023
28077155	880	903	macrosimulation methods	UnknownType	C0869023
28077155	905	914	modelling	T062	C0870071
28077155	919	924	costs	T081	C0010186
28077155	929	937	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28077155	941	945	care	T052	C1947933
28077155	959	969	individual	T098	C0027361
28077155	979	990	life-course	T079	C1510618
28077155	1009	1027	dementia diagnosis	T048	C0497327
28077155	1037	1048	individuals	T098	C0027361
28077155	1053	1060	England	T083	C0014282
28077155	1066	1071	whole	T081	C0444667
28077155	1094	1101	Project	T062	C0700032
28077155	1126	1132	online	UnknownType	C0683828
28077155	1133	1158	Dementia Evidence Toolkit	T170	C0282574
28077155	1167	1175	evidence	T078	C3887511
28077155	1176	1185	summaries	T170	C1706244
28077155	1192	1202	literature	T170	C0023866
28077155	1203	1211	database	T170	C0242356
28077155	1212	1221	available	T169	C0470187
28077155	1238	1244	papers	T073	C0030351
28077155	1248	1265	academic journals	T073,T170	C0162443
28077155	1299	1317	MODEM Legacy Model	T170	C3161035
28077155	1337	1356	local commissioners	T097	C0679924
28077155	1360	1368	services	T057	C0557854
28077155	1382	1387	model	T170	C3161035
28077155	1401	1412	populations	T098	C1257890
28077155	1414	1423	Modelling	T062	C0870071
28077155	1428	1438	effects of	T080	C1704420
28077155	1439	1447	evidence	T078	C3887511
28077155	1455	1459	cost	T081	C0010186
28077155	1462	1471	effective	T080	C1704419
28077155	1472	1485	interventions	T061	C0184661
28077155	1502	1513	information	T078	C1533716
28077155	1521	1530	available	T169	C0470187
28077155	1539	1548	potential	T080	C3245505
28077155	1552	1559	improve	T033	C0184511
28077155	1564	1570	health	T078	C0018684
28077155	1575	1590	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28077155	1599	1605	people	T098	C0027361
28077155	1611	1619	dementia	T048	C0497327
28077155	1630	1636	carers	T097	C1305660
28077155	1658	1667	resources	T078	C0035201

28077286|t|Assessment of neuroanatomical and behavioural effects of in ovo methylmercury exposure in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
28077286|a|Methylmercury (MeHg) readily crosses the blood brain barrier and is a known neuro - toxicant. MeHg accumulation in the brain causes histopathological alterations, neurobehavioral changes, and impairments to cognitive motor functions in mammalian models. However, in birds the neurotoxic effects of MeHg on the developing pre - hatching brain and consequent behavioral alterations in adult birds have not received much attention. Moreover, passerine birds are poorly represented in MeHg neurotoxicology studies in comparison to other avian orders. Hence in this study, we used the egg injection method to investigate the long term effects of in ovo MeHg exposure on brain histopathology and courtship behavior in a model songbird species, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Egg treatment groups included: a low MeHg dose of 0.2μg Hg g(-1) egg, a high MeHg dose of 3.2μg Hg g(-1) egg, and a vehicle control (water). No adverse effects of in ovo MeHg treatment were detected on courtship song quality or on mating behavior in experimental males at sexually maturity which would suggest that observable neurobehavioral effects of MeHg exposure may depend on the timing of exposure during offspring development. However, neuroanatomical analysis indicated an increase in telencephalon volume with increased MeHg concentrations which may suggest a prolonged inflammatory response in this region of the brain.
28077286	0	10	Assessment	T062	C0936012
28077286	14	29	neuroanatomical	T080	C0220784
28077286	34	53	behavioural effects	UnknownType	C0815123
28077286	57	63	in ovo	T169	C2827729
28077286	64	77	methylmercury	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	78	86	exposure	T080	C0332157
28077286	90	103	zebra finches	T012	C0326833
28077286	105	124	Taeniopygia guttata	T012	C0326833
28077286	126	139	Methylmercury	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	141	145	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	155	162	crosses	T077	C2828360
28077286	167	186	blood brain barrier	T023	C0005854
28077286	196	201	known	T080	C0205309
28077286	202	207	neuro	T080	C0205494
28077286	210	218	toxicant	T131	C0599787
28077286	220	224	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	225	237	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28077286	245	250	brain	T023	C0006104
28077286	251	257	causes	T169	C0015127
28077286	258	275	histopathological	T169	C0243140
28077286	276	287	alterations	T169	C0392747
28077286	289	304	neurobehavioral	T080	C2986478
28077286	305	312	changes	T169	C0392747
28077286	318	329	impairments	T169	C0221099
28077286	333	342	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28077286	343	358	motor functions	T038	C0234130
28077286	362	371	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28077286	372	378	models	T050	C0012644
28077286	392	397	birds	T012	C0005595
28077286	402	420	neurotoxic effects	T037	C0235032
28077286	424	428	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	447	450	pre	T079	C0332152
28077286	453	461	hatching	T040	C0598016
28077286	462	467	brain	T023	C0006104
28077286	472	482	consequent	T033	C3845876
28077286	483	505	behavioral alterations	T055	C0542299
28077286	509	514	adult	T100	C0001675
28077286	515	520	birds	T012	C0005595
28077286	526	529	not	T169	C1518422
28077286	530	538	received	T080	C1514756
28077286	544	553	attention	T041	C0004268
28077286	565	580	passerine birds	T012	C0600537
28077286	585	591	poorly	T080	C0205169
28077286	592	603	represented	T052	C1882932
28077286	607	611	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	612	627	neurotoxicology	T040	C0597059
28077286	628	635	studies	T062	C2603343
28077286	639	649	comparison	T052	C1707455
28077286	659	664	avian	T012	C0005595
28077286	665	671	orders	T185	C3858829
28077286	687	692	study	T062	C2603343
28077286	697	701	used	T169	C1524063
28077286	706	709	egg	T168	C0013710
28077286	710	726	injection method	T170	C0456651
28077286	730	741	investigate	T169	C1292732
28077286	746	763	long term effects	T067	C0023983
28077286	767	773	in ovo	T169	C2827729
28077286	774	778	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	779	787	exposure	T080	C0332157
28077286	791	796	brain	T023	C0006104
28077286	797	811	histopathology	T169	C0243140
28077286	816	834	courtship behavior	T054	C0237550
28077286	840	845	model	T050	C0012644
28077286	846	854	songbird	T012	C0600538
28077286	855	862	species	T185	C1705920
28077286	868	879	zebra finch	T012	C0326833
28077286	881	900	Taeniopygia guttata	T012	C0326833
28077286	903	906	Egg	T168	C0013710
28077286	907	916	treatment	T169	C1522326
28077286	917	923	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28077286	924	932	included	T169	C0332257
28077286	936	939	low	T080	C0205251
28077286	940	944	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	945	949	dose	T081	C0178602
28077286	959	961	Hg	T131,T196	C0025424
28077286	968	971	egg	T168	C0013710
28077286	975	979	high	T080	C0205250
28077286	980	984	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	985	989	dose	T081	C0178602
28077286	999	1001	Hg	T131,T196	C0025424
28077286	1008	1011	egg	T168	C0013710
28077286	1019	1034	vehicle control	T122	C0042444
28077286	1036	1041	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28077286	1044	1062	No adverse effects	T184	C0853204
28077286	1066	1072	in ovo	T169	C2827729
28077286	1073	1077	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	1078	1087	treatment	T169	C1522326
28077286	1093	1101	detected	T033	C0442726
28077286	1105	1114	courtship	T054	C0237548
28077286	1105	1127	courtship song quality	T080	C0332306
28077286	1134	1149	mating behavior	T040	C1154349
28077286	1153	1165	experimental	T080	C1517586
28077286	1166	1171	males	T032	C0086582
28077286	1175	1192	sexually maturity	T033	C0233891
28077286	1205	1212	suggest	T078	C1705535
28077286	1218	1228	observable	T201	C1285601
28077286	1229	1252	neurobehavioral effects	UnknownType	C0815123
28077286	1256	1260	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	1261	1269	exposure	T080	C0332157
28077286	1288	1294	timing	T079	C0040223
28077286	1298	1306	exposure	T080	C0332157
28077286	1307	1313	during	T079	C0347984
28077286	1314	1323	offspring	T099	C0680063
28077286	1324	1335	development	T039	C0243107
28077286	1346	1361	neuroanatomical	T080	C0220784
28077286	1362	1370	analysis	T062	C0936012
28077286	1371	1380	indicated	T033	C1444656
28077286	1384	1392	increase	T169	C0442805
28077286	1396	1409	telencephalon	T023	C0039452
28077286	1410	1416	volume	T081	C0449468
28077286	1422	1431	increased	T081	C0205217
28077286	1432	1436	MeHg	T109,T131	C0025794
28077286	1437	1451	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28077286	1462	1469	suggest	T078	C1705535
28077286	1472	1481	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28077286	1482	1503	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28077286	1512	1531	region of the brain	T029	C1273723

28077289|t|Vitamin D3 protects against Aβ peptide cytotoxicity in differentiated human neuroblastoma SH- SY5Y cells: A role for S1P1 / p38MAPK / ATF4 axis
28077289|a|Besides its classical function of bone metabolism regulation, 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), acts on a variety of tissues including the nervous system, where the hormone plays an important role as neuroprotective, antiproliferating and differentiating agent. Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that play critical and complex roles in regulating cell fate. In the present paper we have investigated whether sphingolipids are involved in the protective action of 1,25(OH)2D3. We have found that 1,25(OH)2D3 prevents amyloid-β peptide (Aβ(1-42)) cytotoxicity both in differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and in vivo. In differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, Aβ(1-42) strongly reduces the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)/ ceramide (Cer) ratio while 1,25(OH)2D3 partially reverts this effect. 1,25(OH)2D3 reverts also the Aβ(1-42) - induced reduction of sphingosine kinase activity. We have also studied the crosstalk between 1,25(OH)2D3 and S1P signaling pathways downstream to the activation of S1P receptor subtype S1P1. Notably, we found that 1,25(OH)2D3 prevents the reduction of S1P1 expression promoted by Aβ(1-42) and thereby it modulates the downstream signaling leading to ER stress damage (p38MAPK / ATF4). Similar effects were observed by using ZK191784. In addition, chronic treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 protects from aggregated Aβ(1-42) - induced damage in the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus and promotes cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult mice. In conclusion, these results represent the first evidence of the role of 1,25(OH)2D3 and its structural analogue ZK191784 in counteracting the Aβ(1-42) peptide - induced toxicity through the modulation of S1P/S1P1/p38MAPK/ATF4 pathway in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells.
28077289	0	10	Vitamin D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	28	38	Aβ peptide	T116	C0078939
28077289	39	51	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28077289	70	75	human	T016	C0086418
28077289	76	89	neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
28077289	90	104	SH- SY5Y cells	T025	C0007634
28077289	117	121	S1P1	T116,T192	C3537343
28077289	124	131	p38MAPK	T116,T126	C1120843
28077289	134	138	ATF4	T116,T123	C0101379
28077289	178	182	bone	T023	C0262950
28077289	183	204	metabolism regulation	T040	C1159402
28077289	206	236	1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	238	249	1,25(OH)2D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	273	280	tissues	T024	C0040300
28077289	295	309	nervous system	T022	C0027763
28077289	321	328	hormone	T125	C0019932
28077289	356	371	neuroprotective	T121	C0242912
28077289	373	390	antiproliferating	T109,T121	C0003392
28077289	395	416	differentiating agent	T120	C1511939
28077289	418	431	Sphingolipids	T109	C0037900
28077289	436	452	bioactive lipids	T123	C0574031
28077289	493	513	regulating cell fate	T038	C1327622
28077289	544	556	investigated	T169	C1292732
28077289	565	578	sphingolipids	T109	C0037900
28077289	599	616	protective action	T033	C1545588
28077289	620	631	1,25(OH)2D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	652	663	1,25(OH)2D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	673	690	amyloid-β peptide	T116	C0078939
28077289	692	700	Aβ(1-42)	T116	C0078939
28077289	702	714	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28077289	738	771	SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells	UnknownType	C0815000
28077289	776	783	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28077289	788	816	differentiated SH-SY5Y cells	T025	C0007634
28077289	818	826	Aβ(1-42)	T116	C0078939
28077289	848	871	sphingosine-1-phosphate	T109	C0074992
28077289	873	876	S1P	T109	C0074992
28077289	879	887	ceramide	T109,T123	C0007745
28077289	889	892	Cer	T109,T123	C0007745
28077289	894	899	ratio	T081	C0456603
28077289	906	917	1,25(OH)2D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	949	960	1,25(OH)2D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	978	986	Aβ(1-42)	T116	C0078939
28077289	989	996	induced	T169	C0205263
28077289	997	1006	reduction	T080	C0392756
28077289	1010	1037	sphingosine kinase activity	T044	C1150463
28077289	1082	1093	1,25(OH)2D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	1098	1120	S1P signaling pathways	T044	C2984468
28077289	1139	1149	activation	T043	C1514758
28077289	1153	1178	S1P receptor subtype S1P1	T116,T192	C0390526
28077289	1203	1214	1,25(OH)2D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	1228	1237	reduction	T080	C0392756
28077289	1241	1245	S1P1	T116,T192	C0390526
28077289	1246	1256	expression	T045	C0597360
28077289	1269	1277	Aβ(1-42)	T116	C0078939
28077289	1293	1302	modulates	UnknownType	C0678672
28077289	1307	1327	downstream signaling	T038	C3537152
28077289	1339	1355	ER stress damage	T049	C3178870
28077289	1357	1364	p38MAPK	T116,T126	C1120843
28077289	1367	1371	ATF4	T116,T123	C0101379
28077289	1413	1421	ZK191784	T127	C1173774
28077289	1436	1453	chronic treatment	T061	C0087111
28077289	1459	1470	1,25(OH)2D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	1496	1504	Aβ(1-42)	T116	C0078939
28077289	1507	1514	induced	T169	C0205263
28077289	1515	1521	damage	T037	C0010957
28077289	1529	1539	CA1 region	T029	C0694598
28077289	1547	1550	rat	T015	C0086893
28077289	1551	1562	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28077289	1576	1594	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28077289	1602	1627	hippocampal dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
28077289	1631	1636	adult	T100	C0001675
28077289	1637	1641	mice	T015	C0025929
28077289	1664	1671	results	T169	C1274040
28077289	1692	1700	evidence	T078	C3887511
28077289	1716	1727	1,25(OH)2D3	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28077289	1736	1755	structural analogue	T104	C0243071
28077289	1756	1764	ZK191784	T127	C1173774
28077289	1786	1802	Aβ(1-42) peptide	T116	C0078939
28077289	1805	1812	induced	T169	C0205263
28077289	1813	1821	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28077289	1834	1844	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
28077289	1848	1877	S1P/S1P1/p38MAPK/ATF4 pathway	T044	C0037080
28077289	1896	1909	SH-SY5Y cells	T025	C0007634

28077689|t|Giant cell arteritis and vascular disease-risk factors and outcomes: a cohort study using UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
28077689|a|To evaluate the associations between GCA and vascular diseases and other comorbidities in patients with GCA compared with non-vasculitis patients. Using the UK-based Clinical Practice Research Datalink we identified 9778 newly diagnosed GCA patients in 1990-2014, and up to 10 non-vasculitis patients randomly matched to each case on age, sex, practice and years of history before cohort entry. We compared the distributions of 9 different pre-existing vascular diseases and 11 other comorbidities, and risks of incident vascular diseases and other comorbidities after cohort entry between GCA and non-vasculitis patients. Patients with GCA were more likely to have a history of vascular diseases and other comorbidities except myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes, obesity and cancer, compared with non-vasculitis patients. Patients with GCA had increased risks for all types of incident vascular disease compared with non-vasculitis patients: adjusted hazard ratios were 1.57 (95% CI: 1.36, 1.82) for myocardial infarction, 1.41 (95% CI: 1.29, 1.55) for stroke, 1.75 (95% CI: 1.49, 2.06) for peripheral vascular disease, 1.98 (95% CI: 1.50, 2.62) for aortic aneurysm and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.77, 2.33) for venous thromboembolism. Patients with GCA also had increased risks for other incident comorbidities (type 2 diabetes, depression, etc.), but not for cancer. Patients with GCA had more prior vascular diseases and other comorbidities before the diagnosis and they also had increased risks for incident vascular diseases and many other incident comorbidities after the diagnosis compared with non-vasculitis population.
28077689	0	20	Giant cell arteritis	T047	C0039483
28077689	25	54	vascular disease-risk factors	T058	C2584745
28077689	59	67	outcomes	T062	C0543472
28077689	71	83	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28077689	90	92	UK	T083	C0041700
28077689	93	128	Clinical Practice Research Datalink	T170	C0282451
28077689	129	140	To evaluate	T058	C0220825
28077689	145	157	associations	T080	C0439849
28077689	166	169	GCA	T047	C0039483
28077689	174	191	vascular diseases	T047	C0042373
28077689	202	215	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28077689	219	227	patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	233	236	GCA	T047	C0039483
28077689	251	274	non-vasculitis patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	286	294	UK-based	T083	C0041700
28077689	295	330	Clinical Practice Research Datalink	T170	C0282451
28077689	334	344	identified	T080	C0205396
28077689	350	365	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
28077689	366	369	GCA	T047	C0039483
28077689	370	378	patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	382	391	1990-2014	T079	C0585341
28077689	406	429	non-vasculitis patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	430	446	randomly matched	T062	C0034656
28077689	450	459	each case	T077	C1706256
28077689	463	466	age	T032	C0001779
28077689	468	471	sex	T032	C0079399
28077689	473	481	practice	T041	C0237607
28077689	486	502	years of history	T033	C2004062
28077689	503	509	before	T079	C0332152
28077689	510	522	cohort entry	T081	C0009247
28077689	527	535	compared	T052	C1707455
28077689	540	553	distributions	T169	C1704711
28077689	559	568	different	T080	C1705242
28077689	569	581	pre-existing	T080	C2347662
28077689	582	599	vascular diseases	T047	C0042373
28077689	613	626	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28077689	632	649	risks of incident	T033	C1113667
28077689	650	667	vascular diseases	T047	C0042373
28077689	678	691	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28077689	698	710	cohort entry	T081	C0009247
28077689	719	722	GCA	T047	C0039483
28077689	727	750	non-vasculitis patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	752	760	Patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	766	769	GCA	T047	C0039483
28077689	775	786	more likely	T080	C0205556
28077689	797	807	history of	T033	C0683519
28077689	808	825	vascular diseases	T047	C0042373
28077689	836	849	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28077689	857	878	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28077689	880	895	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28077689	897	904	obesity	T047	C0028754
28077689	909	915	cancer	T191	C0006826
28077689	917	925	compared	T052	C1707455
28077689	931	954	non-vasculitis patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	956	964	Patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	970	973	GCA	T047	C0039483
28077689	978	987	increased	T081	C0205217
28077689	988	1019	risks for all types of incident	T033	C0580320
28077689	1020	1036	vascular disease	T047	C0042373
28077689	1037	1045	compared	T052	C1707455
28077689	1051	1074	non-vasculitis patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	1076	1084	adjusted	T169	C0456081
28077689	1085	1098	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
28077689	1114	1116	CI	T081	C0009667
28077689	1134	1155	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28077689	1167	1169	CI	T081	C0009667
28077689	1187	1193	stroke	T047	C0038454
28077689	1205	1207	CI	T081	C0009667
28077689	1225	1252	peripheral vascular disease	T047	C0085096
28077689	1264	1266	CI	T081	C0009667
28077689	1284	1299	aortic aneurysm	T047	C0003486
28077689	1314	1316	CI	T081	C0009667
28077689	1334	1356	venous thromboembolism	T047	C1861172
28077689	1358	1366	Patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	1372	1375	GCA	T047	C0039483
28077689	1385	1394	increased	T081	C0205217
28077689	1395	1419	risks for other incident	T033	C1281905
28077689	1420	1433	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28077689	1435	1450	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28077689	1452	1462	depression	T048	C0011570
28077689	1483	1489	cancer	T191	C0006826
28077689	1491	1499	Patients	T101	C0030705
28077689	1505	1508	GCA	T047	C0039483
28077689	1524	1541	vascular diseases	T047	C0042373
28077689	1552	1565	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28077689	1566	1572	before	T079	C0332152
28077689	1577	1586	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28077689	1605	1614	increased	T081	C0205217
28077689	1615	1633	risks for incident	T033	C1281905
28077689	1634	1651	vascular diseases	T047	C0042373
28077689	1667	1675	incident	T067	C1551358
28077689	1676	1689	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28077689	1700	1709	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28077689	1710	1718	compared	T052	C1707455
28077689	1724	1749	non-vasculitis population	T101	C0030705

28077772|t|Phylogenomics provides new insight into evolutionary relationships and genealogical discordance in the reef-building coral genus Acropora
28077772|a|Understanding the genetic basis of reproductive isolation is a long-standing goal of speciation research. In recently diverged populations, genealogical discordance may reveal genes and genomic regions that contribute to the speciation process. Previous work has shown that conspecific colonies of Acropora that spawn in different seasons (spring and autumn) are associated with highly diverged lineages of the phylogenetic marker PaxC Here, we used 10 034 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to generate a genome -wide phylogeny and compared it with gene genealogies from the PaxC intron and the mtDNA Control Region in 20 species of Acropora, including three species with spring - and autumn - spawning cohorts. The PaxC phylogeny separated conspecific autumn and spring spawners into different genetic clusters in all three species; however, this pattern was not supported in two of the three species at the genome level, suggesting a selective connection between PaxC and reproductive timing in Acropora corals. This genome -wide phylogeny provides an improved foundation for resolving phylogenetic relationships in Acropora and, combined with PaxC, provides a fascinating platform for future research into regions of the genome that influence reproductive isolation and speciation in corals.
28077772	0	13	Phylogenomics	T091	C0887950
28077772	40	52	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
28077772	71	83	genealogical	T170	C0030761
28077772	84	95	discordance	T077	C3639994
28077772	103	122	reef-building coral	T070	C2936266
28077772	123	128	genus	T185	C1708235
28077772	129	137	Acropora	T204	C0997909
28077772	156	163	genetic	T169	C0314603
28077772	164	169	basis	T169	C1527178
28077772	173	195	reproductive isolation	T070	C3178896
28077772	215	219	goal	T170	C0018017
28077772	223	233	speciation	T070	C1563692
28077772	234	242	research	T062	C0035168
28077772	256	264	diverged	T033	C3840275
28077772	265	276	populations	T081	C0032659
28077772	278	290	genealogical	T170	C0030761
28077772	291	302	discordance	T077	C3639994
28077772	314	319	genes	T028	C0017337
28077772	324	339	genomic regions	T028	C0017428
28077772	363	381	speciation process	T070	C1563692
28077772	412	432	conspecific colonies	T025	C1947989
28077772	436	444	Acropora	T204	C0997909
28077772	450	455	spawn	T032	C2826216
28077772	469	476	seasons	T079	C0036497
28077772	478	484	spring	T079	C0241232
28077772	489	495	autumn	T079	C0238715
28077772	524	532	diverged	T033	C3840275
28077772	533	541	lineages	T077	C1881379
28077772	549	568	phylogenetic marker	T086	C0012872
28077772	569	573	PaxC	T086	C0012872
28077772	595	626	single-nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28077772	630	638	generate	T052	C3146294
28077772	641	647	genome	T028	C0017428
28077772	654	663	phylogeny	T078	C0031797
28077772	685	689	gene	T028	C0017337
28077772	690	701	genealogies	T170	C0017298
28077772	711	715	PaxC	T086	C0012872
28077772	716	722	intron	T114,T123	C0021920
28077772	731	751	mtDNA Control Region	T028	C1819716
28077772	758	765	species	T185	C1705920
28077772	769	777	Acropora	T204	C0997909
28077772	795	802	species	T185	C1705920
28077772	808	814	spring	T079	C0241232
28077772	821	827	autumn	T079	C0238715
28077772	830	838	spawning	T032	C2826216
28077772	839	846	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28077772	852	856	PaxC	T086	C0012872
28077772	857	866	phylogeny	T078	C0031797
28077772	867	876	separated	T080	C0443299
28077772	889	895	autumn	T079	C0238715
28077772	900	906	spring	T079	C0241232
28077772	907	915	spawners	T204	C0684063
28077772	931	947	genetic clusters	T028	C0017258
28077772	961	968	species	T185	C1705920
28077772	984	991	pattern	T082	C0449774
28077772	1030	1037	species	T185	C1705920
28077772	1045	1051	genome	T028	C0017428
28077772	1052	1057	level	T080	C0441889
28077772	1082	1092	connection	T082	C0449379
28077772	1101	1105	PaxC	T086	C0012872
28077772	1110	1122	reproductive	T040	C0035150
28077772	1123	1129	timing	T079	C0449243
28077772	1133	1141	Acropora	T204	C0997909
28077772	1142	1148	corals	T204	C0324034
28077772	1155	1161	genome	T028	C0017428
28077772	1168	1177	phylogeny	T078	C0031797
28077772	1214	1223	resolving	T033	C3714811
28077772	1224	1236	phylogenetic	UnknownType	C0683236
28077772	1254	1262	Acropora	T204	C0997909
28077772	1268	1276	combined	T080	C0205195
28077772	1282	1286	PaxC	T086	C0012872
28077772	1331	1339	research	T062	C0035168
28077772	1345	1366	regions of the genome	T028	C0017428
28077772	1372	1381	influence	T077	C4054723
28077772	1382	1404	reproductive isolation	T070	C3178896
28077772	1409	1419	speciation	T070	C1563692
28077772	1423	1429	corals	T204	C0324034

28077898|t|Quality Improvement of Liver Ultrasound Images Using Fuzzy Techniques
28077898|a|Liver ultrasound images are so common and are applied so often to diagnose diffuse liver diseases like fatty liver. However, the low quality of such images makes it difficult to analyze them and diagnose diseases. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to improve the contrast and quality of liver ultrasound images. In this study, a number of image contrast enhancement algorithms which are based on fuzzy logic were applied to liver ultrasound images - in which the view of kidney is observable - using Matlab2013b to improve the image contrast and quality which has a fuzzy definition; just like image contrast improvement algorithms using a fuzzy intensification operator, contrast improvement algorithms applying fuzzy image histogram hyperbolization, and contrast improvement algorithms by fuzzy IF-THEN rules. With the measurement of Mean Squared Error and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio obtained from different images, fuzzy methods provided better results, and their implementation - compared with histogram equalization method - led both to the improvement of contrast and visual quality of images and to the improvement of liver segmentation algorithms results in images. Comparison of the four algorithms revealed the power of fuzzy logic in improving image contrast compared with traditional image processing algorithms. Moreover, contrast improvement algorithm based on a fuzzy intensification operator was selected as the strongest algorithm considering the measured indicators. This method can also be used in future studies on other ultrasound images for quality improvement and other image processing and analysis applications.
28077898	0	19	Quality Improvement	T057	C2936612
28077898	23	28	Liver	T023	C0023884
28077898	29	39	Ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28077898	40	46	Images	T170	C1704922
28077898	53	58	Fuzzy	T170	C0162586
28077898	59	69	Techniques	T170	C0025663
28077898	70	75	Liver	T023	C0023884
28077898	76	86	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28077898	87	93	images	T170	C1704922
28077898	136	144	diagnose	T033	C0011900
28077898	145	167	diffuse liver diseases	T047	C0023895
28077898	173	184	fatty liver	T047	C0015695
28077898	199	202	low	T080	C0205251
28077898	203	210	quality	T080	C0332306
28077898	219	225	images	T170	C1704922
28077898	248	255	analyze	T062	C0936012
28077898	265	273	diagnose	T033	C0011900
28077898	274	282	diseases	T047	C0012634
28077898	304	309	study	T062	C2603343
28077898	340	348	contrast	T080	C1979874
28077898	353	360	quality	T080	C0332306
28077898	364	369	liver	T023	C0023884
28077898	370	380	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28077898	381	387	images	T170	C1704922
28077898	397	402	study	T062	C2603343
28077898	416	421	image	T170	C1704922
28077898	422	430	contrast	T080	C1979874
28077898	431	453	enhancement algorithms	T170	C0002045
28077898	473	484	fuzzy logic	T170	C0162586
28077898	501	506	liver	T023	C0023884
28077898	507	517	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28077898	518	524	images	T170	C1704922
28077898	548	554	kidney	T023	C0022646
28077898	577	588	Matlab2013b	T073,T170	C0037585
28077898	604	609	image	T170	C1704922
28077898	610	618	contrast	T080	C1979874
28077898	623	630	quality	T080	C0332306
28077898	643	648	fuzzy	T170	C0162586
28077898	649	659	definition	T170	C1704788
28077898	671	676	image	T170	C1704922
28077898	677	685	contrast	T080	C1979874
28077898	686	697	improvement	T077	C2986411
28077898	698	708	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28077898	717	722	fuzzy	T170	C0162586
28077898	723	747	intensification operator	T074	C0181273
28077898	749	757	contrast	T080	C1979874
28077898	758	769	improvement	T077	C2986411
28077898	770	780	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28077898	790	795	fuzzy	T170	C0162586
28077898	796	801	image	T170	C1704922
28077898	802	827	histogram hyperbolization	T170	C0025663
28077898	833	841	contrast	T080	C1979874
28077898	842	853	improvement	T077	C2986411
28077898	854	864	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28077898	868	873	fuzzy	T170	C0162586
28077898	874	887	IF-THEN rules	T170	C0870077
28077898	898	909	measurement	T169	C0242485
28077898	913	931	Mean Squared Error	T080	C0743559
28077898	936	940	Peak	T080	C0444505
28077898	941	962	Signal to Noise Ratio	T081	C2986823
28077898	987	993	images	T170	C1704922
28077898	995	1000	fuzzy	T170	C0162586
28077898	1001	1008	methods	T170	C0025663
28077898	1025	1032	results	T169	C1274040
28077898	1044	1058	implementation	T052	C1708476
28077898	1061	1069	compared	T052	C1707455
28077898	1075	1104	histogram equalization method	T170	C0025663
28077898	1123	1134	improvement	T077	C2986411
28077898	1138	1146	contrast	T080	C1979874
28077898	1151	1165	visual quality	T033	C0422976
28077898	1169	1175	images	T170	C1704922
28077898	1187	1198	improvement	T077	C2986411
28077898	1202	1207	liver	T023	C0023884
28077898	1208	1231	segmentation algorithms	T170	C0002045
28077898	1243	1249	images	T170	C1704922
28077898	1251	1261	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28077898	1274	1284	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28077898	1307	1318	fuzzy logic	T170	C0162586
28077898	1332	1337	image	T170	C1704922
28077898	1338	1346	contrast	T080	C1979874
28077898	1347	1355	compared	T052	C1707455
28077898	1373	1389	image processing	T066	C0178706
28077898	1390	1400	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28077898	1412	1420	contrast	T080	C1979874
28077898	1421	1432	improvement	T077	C2986411
28077898	1454	1459	fuzzy	T170	C0162586
28077898	1460	1484	intensification operator	T074	C0181273
28077898	1515	1524	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28077898	1567	1573	method	T170	C0025663
28077898	1601	1608	studies	T062	C2603343
28077898	1618	1628	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28077898	1629	1635	images	T170	C1704922
28077898	1640	1659	quality improvement	T057	C2936612
28077898	1670	1686	image processing	T066	C0178706
28077898	1691	1699	analysis	T062	C0936012
28077898	1700	1712	applications	T169	C4048755

28077924|t|Temperature during pregnancy influences the fetal growth and birth size
28077924|a|Birth weight and length have seasonal fluctuations. However, it is uncertain which meteorological element has an effect on birth outcomes and which timing of pregnancy would explain such effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine temperature effects during pregnancy and which timing of pregnancy has effects on size at birth. A large, randomized, controlled trial of food and micronutrient supplementation for pregnant women was conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh (MINIM at Study), where women were enrolled from November 2001 to October 2003. The fetal growth data which included the size at birth and information of their mothers were obtained (n = 3267). Meteorological data such as temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and daily sunshine hours during pregnancy were observed at the nearest observatory site of Bangladesh Meteorological Department. Infants born in colder months (November-January) were shorter than those born in hot and dry, and monsoon months (mean (SD) of birth length was 47.5 cm (2.2) vs. 47.8 cm (2.1) vs. 47.9 cm (2.1) respectively; P < 0.001). Increased temperature during the last month of pregnancy was significantly related with increased birth length with adjustment for gestational weeks and the season at birth, and remained significant with further adjustments for precipitation, sex of infants, maternal early-pregnancy BMI, parity, and education status of the mother (P < 0.01). On the other hand, increased temperature at mid - gestation was associated with increased birth weight (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that temperature affects both birth weight and length. The more temperature increased at the last month of pregnancy, birth length became longer. For birth weight, the temperature at mid - pregnancy affected in a positive way.
28077924	0	11	Temperature	T032	C0005903
28077924	19	28	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28077924	29	39	influences	T077	C4054723
28077924	44	56	fetal growth	T039	C0743925
28077924	61	66	birth	T040	C0005615
28077924	67	71	size	T082	C0456389
28077924	72	84	Birth weight	T032	C0005612
28077924	89	95	length	T033	C0419415
28077924	101	109	seasonal	T079	C0439601
28077924	110	122	fluctuations	T184	C0231239
28077924	139	148	uncertain	T033	C0087130
28077924	155	177	meteorological element	T070	C0025594
28077924	185	191	effect	T080	C1280500
28077924	195	209	birth outcomes	T201	C1286282
28077924	220	226	timing	T079	C0449243
28077924	230	239	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28077924	259	265	effect	T080	C1280500
28077924	282	289	purpose	T169	C1285529
28077924	298	303	study	T062	C2603343
28077924	311	318	examine	T058	C0582103
28077924	319	330	temperature	T032	C0005903
28077924	331	338	effects	T080	C1280500
28077924	346	355	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28077924	366	372	timing	T079	C0449243
28077924	376	385	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28077924	390	397	effects	T080	C1280500
28077924	401	405	size	T082	C0456389
28077924	409	414	birth	T040	C0005615
28077924	418	423	large	T081	C0549177
28077924	425	453	randomized, controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28077924	457	461	food	T168	C0016452
28077924	466	479	micronutrient	T123	C0282575
28077924	480	495	supplementation	T061	C0242297
28077924	500	514	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28077924	532	538	Matlab	T073,T093	C0022877
28077924	540	550	Bangladesh	T083	C0004732
28077924	552	557	MINIM	T073,T093	C0022877
28077924	561	566	Study	T062	C2603343
28077924	575	580	women	T098	C0043210
28077924	635	647	fetal growth	T039	C0743925
28077924	648	652	data	T078	C1511726
28077924	659	667	included	T052	C2700399
28077924	672	676	size	T082	C0456389
28077924	680	685	birth	T040	C0005615
28077924	690	701	information	T078	C1533716
28077924	711	718	mothers	T099	C0026591
28077924	724	732	obtained	T169	C1301820
28077924	745	759	Meteorological	T070	C2350639
28077924	760	764	data	T078	C1511726
28077924	773	784	temperature	T032	C0005903
28077924	786	799	precipitation	T070	C0032931
28077924	801	818	relative humidity	T081	C0428696
28077924	824	829	daily	T079	C0332173
28077924	830	838	sunshine	T070	C0038817
28077924	839	844	hours	T079	C0439227
28077924	852	861	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28077924	867	875	observed	T169	C1441672
28077924	883	890	nearest	T080	C1706276
28077924	891	902	observatory	T058	C0700325
28077924	903	907	site	T082	C0205145
28077924	911	921	Bangladesh	T083	C0004732
28077924	922	936	Meteorological	T070	C2350639
28077924	937	947	Department	T078	C1547537
28077924	949	956	Infants	T100	C0021270
28077924	957	961	born	T040	C0005615
28077924	965	971	colder	T070	C0009267
28077924	972	978	months	T079	C0439231
28077924	1003	1010	shorter	T081	C1806781
28077924	1022	1026	born	T040	C0005615
28077924	1030	1033	hot	T070	C0178683
28077924	1038	1041	dry	T070	C0681771
28077924	1047	1054	monsoon	T070	C0681778
28077924	1055	1061	months	T079	C0439231
28077924	1063	1067	mean	T081	C0444504
28077924	1069	1071	SD	T081	C0871420
28077924	1076	1081	birth	T040	C0005615
28077924	1082	1088	length	T033	C0419415
28077924	1169	1178	Increased	T081	C0205217
28077924	1179	1190	temperature	T032	C0005903
28077924	1207	1212	month	T079	C0439231
28077924	1216	1225	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28077924	1230	1243	significantly	T078	C0750502
28077924	1257	1266	increased	T081	C0205217
28077924	1267	1272	birth	T040	C0005615
28077924	1273	1279	length	T033	C0419415
28077924	1285	1295	adjustment	T169	C0456081
28077924	1300	1317	gestational weeks	T058	C2825545
28077924	1326	1332	season	T079	C0036497
28077924	1336	1341	birth	T040	C0005615
28077924	1356	1367	significant	T078	C0750502
28077924	1381	1392	adjustments	T169	C0456081
28077924	1397	1410	precipitation	T070	C0032931
28077924	1412	1415	sex	T032	C1522384
28077924	1419	1426	infants	T100	C0021270
28077924	1428	1436	maternal	T033	C1858460
28077924	1437	1452	early-pregnancy	T047	C0747845
28077924	1453	1456	BMI	T201	C1305855
28077924	1458	1464	parity	T033	C0030563
28077924	1470	1486	education status	T033	C0013658
28077924	1494	1500	mother	T099	C0026591
28077924	1532	1541	increased	T081	C0205217
28077924	1542	1553	temperature	T032	C0005903
28077924	1557	1560	mid	T079	C2362314
28077924	1563	1572	gestation	T040	C0032961
28077924	1577	1592	associated with	T080	C0332281
28077924	1593	1602	increased	T081	C0205217
28077924	1603	1615	birth weight	T032	C0005612
28077924	1634	1642	findings	T033	C0243095
28077924	1656	1667	temperature	T032	C0005903
28077924	1668	1675	affects	T041	C0001721
28077924	1681	1693	birth weight	T032	C0005612
28077924	1698	1704	length	T033	C0419415
28077924	1710	1714	more	T081	C0205172
28077924	1715	1726	temperature	T032	C0005903
28077924	1727	1736	increased	T081	C0205217
28077924	1749	1754	month	T079	C0439231
28077924	1758	1767	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28077924	1769	1774	birth	T040	C0005615
28077924	1775	1781	length	T033	C0419415
28077924	1789	1795	longer	T080	C0205166
28077924	1801	1813	birth weight	T032	C0005612
28077924	1819	1830	temperature	T032	C0005903
28077924	1834	1837	mid	T079	C2362314
28077924	1840	1849	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28077924	1850	1858	affected	T041	C0001721
28077924	1864	1872	positive	T033	C1446409
28077924	1873	1876	way	T067	C1522240

28078046|t|Effects of etomidate and propofol on immune function in patients with lung adenocarcinoma
28078046|a|To investigate the effects of etomidate and propofol on immune function in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Sixty patients who were scheduled for lung cancer surgery under general anesthesia were studied. The patients were randomly divided into an etomidate total intravenous anesthesia group (group E) and a propofol total intravenous anesthesia group (group P), with 30 cases in each group. Within group comparison: The percentage of CD4+ in the two groups was significantly reduced at 24 hours post-operation (T2) compared with the percentage before surgery, whereas the percentage of CD8+ was higher at T2. Between group comparison: The CD4+ percentage of group E was higher than that of group P (P < 0.05) at T2, whereas the CD8+ percentage was lower than that of group P (P < 0.05) at T1. Using etomidate for anesthesia has less of an effect on immune function in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
28078046	0	7	Effects	T080	C1280500
28078046	11	20	etomidate	T109,T121	C0015131
28078046	25	33	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
28078046	37	52	immune function	T042	C1817756
28078046	56	64	patients	T101	C0030705
28078046	70	89	lung adenocarcinoma	T191	C0152013
28078046	93	104	investigate	T169	C1292732
28078046	109	119	effects of	T080	C1704420
28078046	120	129	etomidate	T109,T121	C0015131
28078046	134	142	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
28078046	146	161	immune function	T042	C1817756
28078046	165	173	patients	T101	C0030705
28078046	179	198	lung adenocarcinoma	T191	C0152013
28078046	200	205	Sixty	T081	C3816724
28078046	206	214	patients	T101	C0030705
28078046	224	233	scheduled	T080	C0205539
28078046	238	257	lung cancer surgery	T061	C0920424
28078046	264	282	general anesthesia	T061	C0002915
28078046	288	295	studied	T062	C2603343
28078046	301	309	patients	T101	C0030705
28078046	340	349	etomidate	T109,T121	C0015131
28078046	350	378	total intravenous anesthesia	T061	C0473965
28078046	379	384	group	T101	C0030705
28078046	386	393	group E	T101	C0030705
28078046	401	409	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
28078046	410	438	total intravenous anesthesia	T061	C0473965
28078046	439	444	group	T101	C0030705
28078046	446	453	group P	T101	C0030705
28078046	464	469	cases	T169	C0868928
28078046	473	477	each	T081	C1457900
28078046	478	483	group	T101	C0030705
28078046	492	497	group	T101	C0030705
28078046	498	508	comparison	T052	C1707455
28078046	514	532	percentage of CD4+	T059	C1277791
28078046	540	543	two	T081	C0205448
28078046	544	550	groups	T101	C0030705
28078046	569	576	reduced	T080	C0392756
28078046	583	588	hours	T079	C0439227
28078046	589	603	post-operation	T079	C0032790
28078046	605	607	T2	T079	C0032790
28078046	609	617	compared	T052	C1707455
28078046	627	637	percentage	T059	C1277791
28078046	638	644	before	T079	C0332152
28078046	645	652	surgery	T061	C0543467
28078046	666	695	percentage of CD8+ was higher	T033	C4285770
28078046	699	701	T2	T079	C0032790
28078046	711	716	group	T101	C0030705
28078046	717	727	comparison	T052	C1707455
28078046	733	748	CD4+ percentage	T059	C1277791
28078046	752	759	group E	T101	C0030705
28078046	764	770	higher	T081	C1561957
28078046	784	791	group P	T101	C0030705
28078046	806	808	T2	T079	C0032790
28078046	822	847	CD8+ percentage was lower	T033	C4285769
28078046	861	868	group P	T101	C0030705
28078046	883	885	T1	T079	C0032790
28078046	893	902	etomidate	T109,T121	C0015131
28078046	907	917	anesthesia	T121	C4049933
28078046	922	926	less	T081	C0439092
28078046	933	939	effect	T080	C1280500
28078046	943	958	immune function	T042	C1817756
28078046	962	970	patients	T101	C0030705
28078046	976	995	lung adenocarcinoma	T191	C0152013

28078451|t|Slower but not faster unilateral fatiguing knee extensions alter contralateral limb performance without impairment of maximal torque output
28078451|a|The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of unilateral fatigue of the knee extensors at different movement velocities on neuromuscular performance in the fatigued and non-fatigued leg. Unilateral fatigue of the knee extensors was induced in 11 healthy young men (23.7 ± 3.8 years) at slower (60°/s; FAT60) and faster movement velocities (240°/s; FAT240) using an isokinetic dynamometer. A resting control (CON) condition was included. The fatigue protocols consisted of five sets of 15 maximal concentric knee extensions using the dominant leg. Before and after fatigue, peak isokinetic torque (PIT) and time to PIT (TTP) of the knee extensors as well as electromyographic (EMG) activity of vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris muscles were assessed at 60 and 240°/s movement velocities in the fatigued and non-fatigued leg. In the fatigue d leg, significantly greater PIT decrements were observed following FAT60 and FAT240 (11-19%) compared to CON (3-4%, p = .002, d = 2.3). Further, EMG activity increased in vastus lateralis and biceps femoris muscle following FAT240 only (8-28%, 0.018 ≤ p ≤ .024, d = 1.8). In the non-fatigued leg, shorter TTP values were found after the FAT60 protocol (11-15%, p = .023, d = 2.4). No significant changes were found for EMG data in the non-fatigued leg. The present study revealed that both slower and faster velocity fatiguing contractions failed to show any evidence of cross-over fatigue on PIT. However, unilateral knee extensor fatigue protocols conducted at slower movement velocities (i.e., 60°/s) appear to modulate torque production on the non-fatigued side (evident in shorter TTP values).
28078451	0	6	Slower	T080	C0439834
28078451	11	21	not faster	T080	C0205556
28078451	22	32	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28078451	33	42	fatiguing	T184	C0015672
28078451	43	58	knee extensions	T058	C2237190
28078451	59	64	alter	T169	C0392747
28078451	65	78	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28078451	79	83	limb	T023	C0015385
28078451	84	95	performance	T052	C1882330
28078451	96	103	without	T080	C0332288
28078451	104	114	impairment	T169	C0221099
28078451	118	125	maximal	T080	C0205289
28078451	126	132	torque	T067	C0376590
28078451	133	139	output	T077	C1709366
28078451	167	172	study	T062	C2603343
28078451	192	199	effects	T080	C1280500
28078451	203	213	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28078451	214	221	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28078451	229	243	knee extensors	T023	C0581537
28078451	247	256	different	T080	C1705242
28078451	257	265	movement	T040	C0026649
28078451	266	276	velocities	T081	C0439830
28078451	280	305	neuromuscular performance	T061	C0204036
28078451	313	321	fatigued	T184	C0015672
28078451	326	338	non-fatigued	T033	C1513916
28078451	339	342	leg	T023	C1140621
28078451	344	354	Unilateral	T082	C0205092
28078451	355	362	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28078451	370	384	knee extensors	T023	C0581537
28078451	389	396	induced	T169	C0205263
28078451	403	410	healthy	T080	C3898900
28078451	411	420	young men	T098	C0025266
28078451	433	438	years	T079	C0439234
28078451	443	449	slower	T080	C0439834
28078451	458	463	FAT60	T081	C0439830
28078451	469	475	faster	T080	C0205556
28078451	476	484	movement	T040	C0026649
28078451	485	495	velocities	T060	C0436191
28078451	505	511	FAT240	T081	C0439830
28078451	513	518	using	T169	C1524063
28078451	522	544	isokinetic dynamometer	T170	C0180571
28078451	548	579	resting control (CON) condition	T096	C0009932
28078451	584	592	included	T169	C0332257
28078451	598	605	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28078451	606	615	protocols	T170	C0282574
28078451	629	633	five	T081	C0205451
28078451	634	638	sets	T077	C1705195
28078451	645	652	maximal	T080	C0205289
28078451	653	663	concentric	T082	C0439744
28078451	664	679	knee extensions	T058	C2237190
28078451	690	702	dominant leg	T023	C1140621
28078451	704	710	Before	T079	C0332152
28078451	715	720	after	T079	C0687676
28078451	721	728	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28078451	730	752	peak isokinetic torque	T081	C0392762
28078451	754	757	PIT	T081	C0392762
28078451	763	774	time to PIT	T081	C0392762
28078451	776	779	TTP	T081	C0392762
28078451	788	802	knee extensors	T023	C0581537
28078451	814	846	electromyographic (EMG) activity	T033	C0429339
28078451	833	836	EMG	T074	C1138891
28078451	850	865	vastus medialis	T023	C0224445
28078451	867	883	vastus lateralis	T023	C0224444
28078451	889	911	biceps femoris muscles	T033	C2017878
28078451	917	925	assessed	T169	C0449622
28078451	943	951	movement	T040	C0026649
28078451	952	962	velocities	T060	C0436191
28078451	970	978	fatigued	T184	C0015672
28078451	996	999	leg	T023	C1140621
28078451	1008	1015	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28078451	1018	1021	leg	T023	C1140621
28078451	1037	1044	greater	T081	C1704243
28078451	1045	1048	PIT	T081	C0392762
28078451	1049	1059	decrements	T033	C0442797
28078451	1065	1073	observed	T169	C1441672
28078451	1084	1089	FAT60	T081	C0439830
28078451	1094	1100	FAT240	T081	C0439830
28078451	1110	1118	compared	T052	C1707455
28078451	1122	1125	CON	T096	C0009932
28078451	1162	1174	EMG activity	T033	C0429339
28078451	1175	1184	increased	T081	C0205217
28078451	1188	1204	vastus lateralis	T023	C0224444
28078451	1209	1230	biceps femoris muscle	T033	C2017878
28078451	1241	1247	FAT240	T081	C0439830
28078451	1309	1312	leg	T023	C1140621
28078451	1314	1321	shorter	T080	C0547044
28078451	1322	1332	TTP values	T080	C0042295
28078451	1338	1343	found	T033	C0150312
28078451	1354	1359	FAT60	T081	C0439830
28078451	1360	1368	protocol	T170	C0282574
28078451	1398	1412	No significant	T033	C1273937
28078451	1413	1420	changes	T169	C0392747
28078451	1426	1431	found	T033	C0150312
28078451	1436	1444	EMG data	T078	C1511726
28078451	1465	1468	leg	T023	C1140621
28078451	1482	1487	study	T062	C2603343
28078451	1507	1513	slower	T080	C0439834
28078451	1518	1524	faster	T080	C0205556
28078451	1525	1533	velocity	T060	C0436191
28078451	1534	1556	fatiguing contractions	T184	C0015672
28078451	1557	1563	failed	T169	C0231175
28078451	1576	1584	evidence	T078	C3887511
28078451	1588	1598	cross-over	T062	C0150097
28078451	1599	1606	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28078451	1610	1613	PIT	T081	C0392762
28078451	1624	1634	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28078451	1635	1648	knee extensor	T023	C0581537
28078451	1649	1656	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28078451	1657	1666	protocols	T170	C0282574
28078451	1680	1686	slower	T080	C0439834
28078451	1687	1695	movement	T040	C0026649
28078451	1696	1706	velocities	T060	C0436191
28078451	1740	1746	torque	T067	C0376590
28078451	1747	1757	production	T169	C0678227
28078451	1765	1782	non-fatigued side	T082	C1254362
28078451	1795	1802	shorter	T080	C0547044
28078451	1803	1813	TTP values	T080	C0042295

28078640|t|Development of the pediatric quality of life inventory neurofibromatosis type 1 module items for children, adolescents and young adults: qualitative methods
28078640|a|Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is arguably one of the most important measures in evaluating effectiveness of clinical treatments. At present, there is no disease - specific outcome measure to assess the HRQOL of children, adolescents and young adults with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). This study aimed to develop the items and support the content validity for the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) NF1 Module for children, adolescents and young adults. The iterative process included multiphase qualitative methods including a literature review, survey of expert opinions, semi-structured interviews, cognitive interviews and pilot testing. Fifteen domains were derived from the qualitative methods, with content saturation achieved, resulting in 115 items. The domains include skin, pain, pain impact, pain management, cognitive functioning, speech, fine motor, balance, vision, perceived physical appearance, communication, worry, treatment, medicines and gastrointestinal symptoms. This study is limited because all participants are recruited from a single - site. Qualitative methods support the content validity for the PedsQL™ NF1 Module for children, adolescents and young adults. The PedsQL™ NF1 Module is now undergoing national multisite field testing for the psychometric validation of the instrument development.
28078640	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
28078640	19	54	pediatric quality of life inventory	T170	C2698752
28078640	55	79	neurofibromatosis type 1	T191	C0027831
28078640	80	86	module	T170	C3542953
28078640	87	92	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28078640	97	105	children	T100	C0008059
28078640	107	118	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28078640	123	135	young adults	T100	C0238598
28078640	137	156	qualitative methods	T062	C0681940
28078640	157	187	Health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
28078640	189	194	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
28078640	224	233	important	T080	C3898777
28078640	234	242	measures	T081	C0079809
28078640	246	256	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28078640	257	270	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28078640	274	293	clinical treatments	T061	C1516635
28078640	319	326	disease	T047	C0012634
28078640	329	337	specific	T080	C0205369
28078640	338	353	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
28078640	357	363	assess	T058	C0184514
28078640	368	373	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
28078640	377	385	children	T100	C0008059
28078640	387	398	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28078640	403	415	young adults	T100	C0238598
28078640	421	445	Neurofibromatosis Type 1	T191	C0027831
28078640	447	450	NF1	T191	C0027831
28078640	458	463	study	T062	C2603343
28078640	485	490	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28078640	507	523	content validity	T080	C1510592
28078640	532	568	Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™	T170	C2698752
28078640	570	577	PedsQL™	T170	C2698752
28078640	579	582	NF1	T191	C0027831
28078640	583	589	Module	T170	C3542953
28078640	594	602	children	T100	C0008059
28078640	604	615	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28078640	620	632	young adults	T100	C0238598
28078640	638	647	iterative	T033	C1854293
28078640	648	655	process	T067	C1522240
28078640	665	695	multiphase qualitative methods	T062	C0681940
28078640	708	725	literature review	T170	C0282441
28078640	727	733	survey	T170	C0038951
28078640	737	752	expert opinions	T077	C0600219
28078640	754	780	semi-structured interviews	T052	C0021822
28078640	782	791	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28078640	792	802	interviews	T052	C0021822
28078640	807	820	pilot testing	T062	C0031928
28078640	830	837	domains	T169	C1880389
28078640	860	879	qualitative methods	T062	C0681940
28078640	886	893	content	T077	C0456205
28078640	932	937	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28078640	943	950	domains	T169	C1880389
28078640	959	963	skin	T022	C1123023
28078640	965	969	pain	T184	C0030193
28078640	971	975	pain	T184	C0030193
28078640	976	982	impact	T080	C4049986
28078640	984	999	pain management	T061	C0002766
28078640	1001	1022	cognitive functioning	T041	C0392335
28078640	1024	1030	speech	T040	C0037817
28078640	1032	1042	fine motor	T042	C0678857
28078640	1044	1051	balance	T169	C0205415
28078640	1053	1059	vision	T040	C0042789
28078640	1061	1070	perceived	T041	C0030971
28078640	1071	1090	physical appearance	T184	C0750731
28078640	1092	1105	communication	T054	C0009452
28078640	1107	1112	worry	T033	C0233481
28078640	1114	1123	treatment	T061	C0087111
28078640	1125	1134	medicines	T121	C0013227
28078640	1139	1164	gastrointestinal symptoms	T184	C0426576
28078640	1180	1187	limited	T169	C0439801
28078640	1200	1212	participants	T098	C0679646
28078640	1234	1240	single	T081	C0205171
28078640	1243	1247	site	T082	C0205145
28078640	1249	1268	Qualitative methods	T062	C0681940
28078640	1281	1297	content validity	T080	C1510592
28078640	1306	1313	PedsQL™	T170	C2698752
28078640	1314	1317	NF1	T191	C0027831
28078640	1318	1324	Module	T170	C3542953
28078640	1329	1337	children	T100	C0008059
28078640	1339	1350	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28078640	1355	1367	young adults	T100	C0238598
28078640	1373	1380	PedsQL™	T170	C2698752
28078640	1381	1384	NF1	T191	C0027831
28078640	1385	1391	Module	T170	C3542953
28078640	1410	1442	national multisite field testing	T169	C0039593
28078640	1451	1463	psychometric	T060	C0033920
28078640	1464	1474	validation	T062	C1519941
28078640	1482	1492	instrument	T170	C0038951
28078640	1493	1504	development	T169	C1527148

28079476|t|Mimiviruses and the Human Interferon System: Viral Evasion of Classical Antiviral Activities, But Inhibition By a Novel Interferon-β Regulated Immunomodulatory Pathway
28079476|a|In this review we discuss the role of mimiviruses as potential human pathogens focusing on clinical and evolutionary evidence. We also propose a novel antiviral immunomodulatory pathway controlled by interferon-β (IFN-β) and mediated by immune-responsive gene 1 (IRG1) and itaconic acid, its product. Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus (APMV) was isolated from amoebae in a hospital while investigating a pneumonia outbreak. Mimivirus ubiquity and role as protist pathogens are well understood, and its putative status as a human pathogen has been gaining strength as more evidence is being found. The study of APMV and human cells interaction revealed that the virus is able to evade the IFN system by inhibiting the regulation of interferon -stimulated genes, suggesting that the virus and humans have had host-pathogen interactions. It also has shown that the virus is capable of growing on IFN-α2, but not on IFN-β - treated cells, hinting at an exclusive IFN-β antiviral pathway. Our hypothesis based on preliminary data and published articles is that IFN-β preferentially upregulates IRG1 in human macrophagic cells, which in turn produces itaconic acid. This metabolite links metabolism to antiviral activity by inactivating the virus, in a novel immunomodulatory pathway relevant for APMV infections and probably to other infectious diseases as well.
28079476	0	11	Mimiviruses	T005	C1671055
28079476	20	25	Human	T016	C0086418
28079476	26	36	Interferon	T116,T121,T129	C3652465
28079476	37	43	System	T022	C0020962
28079476	45	58	Viral Evasion	T043	C1154492
28079476	62	71	Classical	T169	C0443177
28079476	72	92	Antiviral Activities	T040	C1155328
28079476	98	108	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28079476	120	132	Interferon-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
28079476	133	142	Regulated	T038	C1327622
28079476	143	159	Immunomodulatory	T061	C1963758
28079476	160	167	Pathway	T077	C1705987
28079476	176	182	review	T170	C0282443
28079476	198	202	role	T077	C1705810
28079476	206	217	mimiviruses	T005	C1671055
28079476	221	230	potential	T080	C3245505
28079476	231	236	human	T016	C0086418
28079476	237	246	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28079476	259	267	clinical	T080	C0205210
28079476	272	284	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
28079476	285	293	evidence	T078	C3887511
28079476	303	310	propose	T080	C1553874
28079476	319	328	antiviral	T040	C1155328
28079476	329	345	immunomodulatory	T121,T129	C0005525
28079476	346	353	pathway	T077	C1705987
28079476	354	364	controlled	T169	C2587213
28079476	368	380	interferon-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
28079476	382	387	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
28079476	405	429	immune-responsive gene 1	T116,T123	C3253749
28079476	431	435	IRG1	T116,T123	C3253749
28079476	441	454	itaconic acid	T109	C0064110
28079476	460	467	product	T071	C1514468
28079476	469	501	Acanthamoeba polyphaga Mimivirus	T005	C1644952
28079476	503	507	APMV	T005	C1644952
28079476	513	521	isolated	T169	C0205409
28079476	527	534	amoebae	T204	C0002642
28079476	540	548	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28079476	555	568	investigating	T169	C1292732
28079476	571	580	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28079476	581	589	outbreak	T067	C0012652
28079476	591	600	Mimivirus	T005	C1671055
28079476	601	609	ubiquity	T080	C0205556
28079476	614	618	role	T077	C1705810
28079476	622	629	protist	T001	C0597305
28079476	630	639	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28079476	669	677	putative	T082	C0205124
28079476	678	684	status	T169	C1442792
28079476	690	695	human	T016	C0086418
28079476	696	704	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28079476	714	721	gaining	T081	C1517378
28079476	722	730	strength	T078	C0808080
28079476	739	747	evidence	T078	C3887511
28079476	768	773	study	T062	C2603343
28079476	777	781	APMV	T005	C1644952
28079476	786	791	human	T016	C0086418
28079476	792	797	cells	T025	C0007634
28079476	798	809	interaction	T040	C1752856
28079476	828	833	virus	T005	C1671055
28079476	845	850	evade	T040	C1654934
28079476	855	858	IFN	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
28079476	859	865	system	T022	C0020962
28079476	869	879	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28079476	884	894	regulation	T045	C0017263
28079476	898	908	interferon	T116,T121,T129	C3652465
28079476	921	926	genes	T028	C0017337
28079476	948	953	virus	T005	C1671055
28079476	958	964	humans	T016	C0086418
28079476	974	1000	host-pathogen interactions	T040	C1752856
28079476	1029	1034	virus	T005	C1671055
28079476	1038	1045	capable	T080	C2698977
28079476	1060	1066	IFN-α2	T116,T129	C2937361
28079476	1079	1084	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
28079476	1087	1094	treated	T169	C1522326
28079476	1095	1100	cells	T025	C0007634
28079476	1116	1125	exclusive	T078	C1548966
28079476	1126	1131	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
28079476	1132	1141	antiviral	T040	C1155328
28079476	1142	1149	pathway	T077	C1705987
28079476	1155	1165	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28079476	1166	1171	based	T078	C1705938
28079476	1175	1191	preliminary data	T078	C1548161
28079476	1196	1214	published articles	T170	C1706852
28079476	1223	1228	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
28079476	1229	1243	preferentially	T078	C0558295
28079476	1244	1255	upregulates	T044	C0041904
28079476	1256	1269	IRG1 in human	T116,T123	C3253749
28079476	1270	1287	macrophagic cells	T025	C0024432
28079476	1312	1325	itaconic acid	T109	C0064110
28079476	1332	1342	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28079476	1349	1359	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28079476	1363	1381	antiviral activity	T040	C1155328
28079476	1385	1397	inactivating	T169	C0544461
28079476	1402	1407	virus	T005	C1671055
28079476	1420	1436	immunomodulatory	T061	C1963758
28079476	1437	1444	pathway	T077	C1705987
28079476	1445	1453	relevant	T080	C2347946
28079476	1458	1462	APMV	T005	C1644952
28079476	1463	1473	infections	T046	C3714514
28079476	1496	1515	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450

28080032|t|Heteroprotein Complex Formation of Bovine Lactoferrin and Pea Protein Isolate: A Multiscale Structural Analysis
28080032|a|Associative electrostatic interactions between two oppositely charged globular proteins, lactoferrin (LF) and pea protein isolate (PPI), the latter being a mixture of vicilin, legumin, and convicilin, was studied with a specific PPI / LF molar ratio at room temperature. Structural aspects of the electrostatic complexes probed at different length scales were investigated as a function of pH by means of different complementary techniques, namely, with dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), turbidity measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Irrespective of the applied techniques, the results consistently displayed that complexation between LF and PPI did occur. In an optimum narrow range of pH 5.0-5.8, a viscous liquid phase of complex coacervate was obtained upon mild centrifugation of the turbid LF - PPI mixture with a maximum Rh, turbidity and the ζ-potential being close to zero observed at pH 5.4. In particular, the SAXS data demonstrated that the coacervates were densely assembled with a roughly spherical size distribution exhibiting a maximum extension of ∼80 nm at pH 5.4. Equally, AFM image analysis showed size distributions containing most frequent cluster sizes around 40-80 nm with spherical to elliptical shapes (axis aspect ratio ≤ 2) as well as less frequent elongated to chainlike structures. The most frequently observed compact complexes, we identify as mainly leading to LF - PPI coacervation, whereas for the less frequent chain-like aggregates, we hypothesize that additionally PPI - PPI facilitated complexes exist.
28080032	0	13	Heteroprotein	T116,T123	C0033684
28080032	14	21	Complex	T104	C1704241
28080032	35	53	Bovine Lactoferrin	T116,T123	C1440867
28080032	58	69	Pea Protein	T116	C3535674
28080032	70	77	Isolate	T121	C1875400
28080032	112	123	Associative	T080	C0205556
28080032	124	150	electrostatic interactions	UnknownType	C0683119
28080032	163	173	oppositely	T080	C0205556
28080032	174	181	charged	T032	C1706211
28080032	182	199	globular proteins	T116	C0178663
28080032	201	212	lactoferrin	T116,T123	C0022942
28080032	214	216	LF	T116,T123	C0022942
28080032	222	233	pea protein	T116	C3535674
28080032	234	241	isolate	T121	C1875400
28080032	243	246	PPI	T116	C3535674
28080032	268	275	mixture	T167	C0439962
28080032	279	286	vicilin	T116,T123	C0078228
28080032	288	295	legumin	T116,T123	C0064738
28080032	301	311	convicilin	T116,T123	C0056265
28080032	317	324	studied	T062	C2603343
28080032	332	340	specific	T080	C0205369
28080032	341	344	PPI	T116	C3535674
28080032	347	349	LF	T116,T123	C0022942
28080032	350	361	molar ratio	T081	C2825550
28080032	365	381	room temperature	T033	C1822393
28080032	383	393	Structural	T082	C0678594
28080032	394	401	aspects	T080	C1879746
28080032	409	422	electrostatic	T070	C0376534
28080032	423	432	complexes	T104	C1704241
28080032	443	452	different	T080	C1705242
28080032	453	459	length	T081	C1444754
28080032	460	466	scales	T081	C0449286
28080032	472	484	investigated	T169	C1292732
28080032	490	498	function	T169	C0542341
28080032	502	504	pH	T081	C0020283
28080032	517	526	different	T080	C1705242
28080032	527	551	complementary techniques	T169	C0449851
28080032	566	590	dynamic light scattering	T059	C1882368
28080032	592	620	small-angle X-ray scattering	T059	C1537058
28080032	622	626	SAXS	T059	C1660735
28080032	629	651	turbidity measurements	T059	C2700094
28080032	657	680	atomic force microscopy	T059	C0242849
28080032	682	685	AFM	T059	C0242849
28080032	716	726	techniques	T169	C0449851
28080032	732	739	results	T034	C0456984
28080032	740	752	consistently	T078	C0332290
28080032	753	762	displayed	T169	C0870432
28080032	768	780	complexation	T104	C1704241
28080032	789	791	LF	T116,T123	C0022942
28080032	796	799	PPI	T116	C3535674
28080032	804	809	occur	T052	C1709305
28080032	817	824	optimum	T080	C2698651
28080032	825	831	narrow	T080	C0333164
28080032	832	837	range	T081	C1514721
28080032	841	843	pH	T081	C0020283
28080032	855	862	viscous	T080	C0311419
28080032	863	869	liquid	T033	C1304698
28080032	870	875	phase	T079	C0205390
28080032	879	886	complex	T104	C1704241
28080032	887	897	coacervate	T167	C0302908
28080032	902	910	obtained	T169	C1301820
28080032	921	935	centrifugation	T059	C0007703
28080032	943	949	turbid	T080	C0311420
28080032	950	952	LF	T116,T123	C0022942
28080032	955	958	PPI	T116	C3535674
28080032	959	966	mixture	T167	C0439962
28080032	974	981	maximum	T081	C0806909
28080032	986	995	turbidity	T080	C0301633
28080032	1004	1015	ζ-potential	T067	C0597697
28080032	1036	1044	observed	T169	C1441672
28080032	1048	1050	pH	T081	C0020283
28080032	1075	1079	SAXS	T059	C1660735
28080032	1080	1084	data	T078	C1511726
28080032	1107	1118	coacervates	T167	C0302908
28080032	1124	1131	densely	T080	C0439794
28080032	1132	1141	assembled	T052	C1706853
28080032	1149	1156	roughly	T080	C0205556
28080032	1157	1166	spherical	T082	C0332501
28080032	1167	1171	size	T082	C0456389
28080032	1172	1184	distribution	T082	C0037775
28080032	1198	1205	maximum	T081	C0806909
28080032	1206	1215	extension	T169	C0231448
28080032	1229	1231	pH	T081	C0020283
28080032	1246	1249	AFM	T059	C0242849
28080032	1250	1264	image analysis	T059	C0200765
28080032	1272	1276	size	T082	C0456389
28080032	1277	1290	distributions	T082	C0037775
28080032	1291	1301	containing	T169	C0332256
28080032	1307	1315	frequent	T079	C0332183
28080032	1316	1323	cluster	T081	C1704332
28080032	1324	1329	sizes	T082	C0456389
28080032	1351	1360	spherical	T082	C0332501
28080032	1364	1381	elliptical shapes	T082	C1947977
28080032	1422	1430	frequent	T079	C0332183
28080032	1444	1453	chainlike	T080	C0205556
28080032	1454	1464	structures	T082	C0678594
28080032	1475	1485	frequently	T079	C0332183
28080032	1486	1494	observed	T169	C1441672
28080032	1503	1512	complexes	T104	C1704241
28080032	1547	1549	LF	T116,T123	C0022942
28080032	1552	1555	PPI	T116	C3535674
28080032	1556	1568	coacervation	T067	C1882365
28080032	1591	1599	frequent	T079	C0332183
28080032	1600	1621	chain-like aggregates	T080	C0205418
28080032	1656	1659	PPI	T116	C3535674
28080032	1662	1665	PPI	T116	C3535674
28080032	1678	1687	complexes	T104	C1704241

28080157|t|Detection of recurrence in early stage endometrial cancer - the role of symptoms and routine follow-up
28080157|a|Considerable controversy remains as to the optimal organization of endometrial cancer follow-up. To evaluate the relationship between the way recurrence was detected and survival after treatment for endometrial cancer. Further, to identify characteristics associated with a pre-scheduled examination in women with symptomatic recurrence. All women with early stage endometrial cancer during 2005-2009 were included in a population-based historical cohort derived from the Danish Gynecological Cancer Database. Women diagnosed with recurrence within three years after primary surgery and the mode of recurrence detection were identified from hospital charts: asymptomatic recurrence detected at regular follow-up, symptomatic recurrence detected at regular follow-up or symptomatic recurrence detected in between follow-up. Survival of women with symptomatic and asymptomatic disease was compared. Furthermore, characteristics associated with self-referral as compared to presenting symptoms at regular follow-up s were identified using univariate analyses. In total, 183 cases of recurrence (7%) were identified in the cohort of 2612 women. Of these, 65.5% were symptomatic with vaginal bleeding as the most prevalent symptom. Asymptomatic women had a significantly better three- year survival rate compared to symptomatic women (80.3% vs. 54.3%, p < 0.01). A total of 2.3% of the entire population had an asymptomatic recurrence. Women diagnosed at a pre-scheduled visit due to symptoms had a higher educational level (p = 0.03) and more often high-risk disease (p = 0.02) than symptomatic women diagnosed at regular follow-up. Early stage endometrial cancer carries a low risk of recurrence. Survival appears to be superior in asymptomatic patients, but length-time bias, i.e. the effect of aggressive tumor biology in symptomatic recurrence s, may bias results in non-randomized controlled trials. Well educated patients with symptoms of recurrence more often sought medical attendance compared to less educated counterparts. This should be considered if patient-initiated follow-up is the standard care.
28080157	0	9	Detection	T061	C1511790
28080157	13	23	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	27	38	early stage	T079	C2363430
28080157	39	57	endometrial cancer	T191	C0007103
28080157	72	80	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28080157	85	92	routine	T080	C0205547
28080157	93	102	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28080157	170	188	endometrial cancer	T191	C0007103
28080157	189	198	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28080157	203	211	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28080157	245	255	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	260	268	detected	T033	C0442726
28080157	273	281	survival	T052	C0038952
28080157	288	297	treatment	T169	C0039798
28080157	302	320	endometrial cancer	T191	C0007103
28080157	343	358	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28080157	359	374	associated with	T080	C0332281
28080157	377	402	pre-scheduled examination	T058	C0582103
28080157	406	411	women	T098	C0043210
28080157	417	428	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28080157	429	439	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	445	450	women	T098	C0043210
28080157	456	467	early stage	T079	C2363430
28080157	468	486	endometrial cancer	T191	C0007103
28080157	523	557	population-based historical cohort	T098	C2348984
28080157	575	611	Danish Gynecological Cancer Database	T170	C0242356
28080157	613	618	Women	T098	C0043210
28080157	619	628	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28080157	634	644	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	658	663	years	T079	C0439234
28080157	670	685	primary surgery	T061	C0543467
28080157	702	712	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	713	722	detection	T061	C1511790
28080157	744	759	hospital charts	T170	C3842891
28080157	761	773	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28080157	774	784	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	785	793	detected	T033	C0442726
28080157	805	814	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28080157	816	827	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28080157	828	838	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	839	847	detected	T033	C0442726
28080157	859	868	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28080157	872	883	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28080157	884	894	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	895	903	detected	T033	C0442726
28080157	915	924	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28080157	926	934	Survival	T052	C0038952
28080157	938	943	women	T098	C0043210
28080157	949	960	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28080157	965	985	asymptomatic disease	T047	C2936329
28080157	1013	1028	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28080157	1029	1044	associated with	T080	C0332281
28080157	1085	1093	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28080157	1105	1114	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28080157	1139	1158	univariate analyses	T062	C0683962
28080157	1183	1193	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	1222	1228	cohort	T098	C0599755
28080157	1237	1242	women	T098	C0043210
28080157	1265	1276	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28080157	1282	1298	vaginal bleeding	T046	C2979982
28080157	1311	1328	prevalent symptom	T184	C1457887
28080157	1330	1342	Asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28080157	1343	1348	women	T098	C0043210
28080157	1383	1387	year	T079	C0439234
28080157	1388	1401	survival rate	T081	C0038954
28080157	1414	1425	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28080157	1426	1431	women	T098	C0043210
28080157	1491	1501	population	T098	C1257890
28080157	1509	1521	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28080157	1522	1532	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	1534	1539	Women	T098	C0043210
28080157	1540	1549	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28080157	1582	1590	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28080157	1648	1657	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28080157	1658	1665	disease	T047	C0012634
28080157	1682	1693	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28080157	1694	1699	women	T098	C0043210
28080157	1700	1709	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28080157	1721	1730	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28080157	1732	1743	Early stage	T079	C2363430
28080157	1744	1762	endometrial cancer	T191	C0007103
28080157	1773	1781	low risk	T081	C3538919
28080157	1785	1795	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	1797	1805	Survival	T052	C0038952
28080157	1832	1844	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28080157	1845	1853	patients	T101	C0030705
28080157	1896	1920	aggressive tumor biology	T062	C1519672
28080157	1924	1935	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28080157	1936	1946	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	1970	2002	non-randomized controlled trials	T062	C2985410
28080157	2018	2026	patients	T101	C0030705
28080157	2032	2040	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28080157	2044	2054	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28080157	2161	2188	patient-initiated follow-up	T058	C1522577
28080157	2196	2209	standard care	T061	C2936643

28081044|t|Evaluation of the Condom Barriers Scale for Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: Reliability and Validity of 3 Subscales
28081044|a|Reliable and valid scale measures of barriers to condom use are not available for young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Condom Barriers Scales for application with YBMSM. A clinic-based sample of 600 YBMSM completed a computer-assisted self-interview. The primary measure was a 14-item abbreviated version of the Condom Barriers Scale. Reliability and criterion validity were assessed. All 3 subscales were reliable: partner -related barriers (Cronbach α =0.73), sensation -related barriers (α=0.70), and motivation -related barriers (α =0.81). A complete absence of barriers was common: 47.0% (partner -related), 30.7% (sensation -related), and 46.5% (motivation -related). Dichotomized subscales were significantly associated with reporting any condomless insertive anal sex (all Ps < 0.001) and any condomless receptive anal sex (all Ps < 0.001). The subscales were significantly associated with these measures of condomless sex preserved at a continuous level (all Ps <0.001, except for sensation barriers associated with condomless receptive anal sex = 0.03). Further, the subscales were significantly associated with reporting any condom use problems (all Ps <0.001) and a measure of condomless oral sex (all Ps <0.001, except for partner -related barriers =0.31). Finally, the sensation -related barriers subscale was significantly associated with testing positive for Chlamydia and/or gonorrhea (P=0.049). The 3 identified subscales yielded adequate reliability and strong evidence of validity, thereby suggesting the utility of these brief measures for use in observational and experimental research with YBMSM.
28081044	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28081044	18	39	Condom Barriers Scale	T170	C0349674
28081044	44	49	Young	T100	C0238598
28081044	50	81	Black Men Who Have Sex With Men	T098	C2827413
28081044	83	107	Reliability and Validity	T080	C0035036
28081044	113	122	Subscales	T170	C0349674
28081044	123	131	Reliable	T080	C0035037
28081044	136	141	valid	T080	C2349099
28081044	142	147	scale	T170	C0349674
28081044	148	156	measures	T081	C0086749
28081044	160	168	barriers	T061	C0004764
28081044	172	182	condom use	T055	C0679782
28081044	205	210	young	T100	C0238598
28081044	211	242	black men who have sex with men	T098	C2827413
28081044	244	249	YBMSM	T098	C2827413
28081044	298	320	Condom Barriers Scales	T170	C0349674
28081044	342	347	YBMSM	T098	C2827413
28081044	351	363	clinic-based	T080	C0205210
28081044	364	370	sample	T077	C2347026
28081044	378	383	YBMSM	T098	C2827413
28081044	396	413	computer-assisted	T059	C2362103
28081044	414	428	self-interview	T052	C0021822
28081044	442	449	measure	T081	C0086749
28081044	464	483	abbreviated version	T170	C0282574
28081044	491	512	Condom Barriers Scale	T170	C0349674
28081044	514	525	Reliability	T080	C0035037
28081044	530	548	criterion validity	T081	C2699472
28081044	570	579	subscales	T170	C0349674
28081044	585	593	reliable	T080	C0035037
28081044	595	602	partner	T098	C0036911
28081044	612	620	barriers	T061	C0004764
28081044	622	632	Cronbach α	T081	C0392762
28081044	641	650	sensation	T042	C0036658
28081044	660	668	barriers	T061	C0004764
28081044	683	693	motivation	T041	C0026605
28081044	703	711	barriers	T061	C0004764
28081044	725	753	complete absence of barriers	T033	C0517435
28081044	773	780	partner	T098	C0036911
28081044	799	808	sensation	T042	C0036658
28081044	831	841	motivation	T041	C0026605
28081044	866	875	subscales	T170	C0349674
28081044	881	894	significantly	T081	C0237881
28081044	895	910	associated with	T080	C0332281
28081044	925	935	condomless	T033	C0420844
28081044	936	945	insertive	T054	C0233979
28081044	946	954	anal sex	T055	C0282347
28081044	960	962	Ps	T081	C0392762
28081044	980	990	condomless	T033	C0420844
28081044	991	1000	receptive	T042	C0544683
28081044	1001	1009	anal sex	T055	C0282347
28081044	1015	1017	Ps	T081	C0392762
28081044	1032	1041	subscales	T170	C0349674
28081044	1047	1060	significantly	T081	C0237881
28081044	1061	1076	associated with	T080	C0332281
28081044	1083	1091	measures	T081	C0086749
28081044	1095	1105	condomless	T033	C0420844
28081044	1106	1109	sex	T040	C0009253
28081044	1125	1135	continuous	T078	C0549178
28081044	1136	1141	level	T080	C0441889
28081044	1147	1149	Ps	T081	C0392762
28081044	1169	1178	sensation	T042	C0036658
28081044	1179	1187	barriers	T061	C0004764
28081044	1188	1203	associated with	T080	C0332281
28081044	1204	1214	condomless	T033	C0420844
28081044	1225	1233	anal sex	T055	C0282347
28081044	1256	1265	subscales	T170	C0349674
28081044	1271	1284	significantly	T081	C0237881
28081044	1285	1300	associated with	T080	C0332281
28081044	1315	1325	condom use	T055	C0679782
28081044	1326	1334	problems	T078	C1546466
28081044	1340	1342	Ps	T081	C0392762
28081044	1357	1364	measure	T081	C0086749
28081044	1368	1378	condomless	T033	C0420844
28081044	1379	1387	oral sex	T055	C0282348
28081044	1393	1395	Ps	T081	C0392762
28081044	1415	1422	partner	T098	C0036911
28081044	1432	1440	barriers	T061	C0004764
28081044	1462	1471	sensation	T042	C0036658
28081044	1481	1489	barriers	T061	C0004764
28081044	1490	1498	subscale	T170	C0349674
28081044	1503	1516	significantly	T081	C0237881
28081044	1517	1532	associated with	T080	C0332281
28081044	1541	1549	positive	T033	C1514241
28081044	1554	1563	Chlamydia	T007	C0008148
28081044	1571	1580	gonorrhea	T047	C0018081
28081044	1609	1618	subscales	T170	C0349674
28081044	1636	1647	reliability	T080	C0035037
28081044	1671	1679	validity	T080	C0042284
28081044	1727	1735	measures	T081	C0086749
28081044	1747	1760	observational	T062	C1518527
28081044	1765	1786	experimental research	T062	C0681814
28081044	1792	1797	YBMSM	T098	C2827413

28081533|t|EEG Monitoring Technique Influences the Management of Hypoxic-Ischemic Seizures in Neonates Undergoing Therapeutic Hypothermia
28081533|a|Electroencephalogram (EEG) monitoring techniques for neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) are evolving over time, and the specific type of EEG utilized could influence seizure diagnosis and management. We examined whether the type of EEG performed affected seizure treatment decisions (e.g., the choice and number of antiseizure drugs [ASDs]) in therapeutic hypothermia-treated neonates with HI from 2007 to 2015 in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. During this period, 3 different EEG monitoring protocols were utilized: Period 1 (2007-2009), single, brief conventional EEG (1 h duration) at a variable time during therapeutic hypothermia treatment, i.e., ordered when a seizure was suspected; Period 2 (2009-2013), single, brief conventional EEG followed by amplitude-integrated EEG for the duration of therapeutic hypothermia treatment and another brief conventional EEG after rewarming; and Period 3 (2014-2015), continuous video-EEG (cEEG) for the duration of therapeutic hypothermia treatment (72 h) plus for an additional 12 h during and after rewarming. One hundred and sixty-two newborns were included in this retrospective cohort study. As a function of the type and duration of EEG monitoring, we assessed the risk (likelihood) of receiving no ASD, at least 1 ASD, or ≥2 ASDs. We found that the risk of a neonate being prescribed an ASD was 46% less during Period 3 (cEEG) than during Period 1 (brief conventional EEG only) (95% CI 6-69%, p = 0.03). After adjusting for initial EEG and MRI results, compared with Period 1, there was a 38% lower risk of receiving an ASD during Period 2 (95% CI: 9-58%, p = 0.02) and a 67% lower risk during Period 3 (95% CI: 23-86%, p = 0.01). The risk ratio of receiving ≥2 ASDs was not significantly different across the 3 periods. In conclusion, in addition to the higher sensitivity and specificity of continuous video-EEG monitoring, fewer infants are prescribed an ASD when undergoing continuous forms of EEG monitoring (aEEG or cEEG) than those receiving conventional EEG. We recommend that use of continuous video-EEG be considered whenever possible, both to treat seizures more specifically and to avoid overtreatment.
28081533	0	3	EEG	T060	C0013819
28081533	4	14	Monitoring	T058	C1283169
28081533	15	24	Technique	T169	C0449851
28081533	25	35	Influences	T077	C4054723
28081533	40	50	Management	T058	C0376636
28081533	54	79	Hypoxic-Ischemic Seizures	T047	C0752304
28081533	83	91	Neonates	T100	C0021289
28081533	103	126	Therapeutic Hypothermia	T061	C0020674
28081533	127	147	Electroencephalogram	T034	C1527380
28081533	149	152	EEG	T034	C1527380
28081533	154	164	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28081533	165	175	techniques	T169	C0449851
28081533	180	188	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28081533	189	205	hypoxia-ischemia	T047	C0752308
28081533	207	209	HI	T047	C0752308
28081533	215	223	evolving	T169	C0332253
28081533	260	263	EEG	T034	C1527380
28081533	279	288	influence	T077	C4054723
28081533	289	296	seizure	T184	C0036572
28081533	297	306	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28081533	311	321	management	T058	C0376636
28081533	355	358	EEG	T060	C0013819
28081533	378	385	seizure	T184	C0036572
28081533	386	405	treatment decisions	T033	C4061230
28081533	438	455	antiseizure drugs	T121	C1254351
28081533	457	461	ASDs	T121	C1254351
28081533	467	478	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28081533	479	498	hypothermia-treated	T061	C0150255
28081533	499	507	neonates	T100	C0021289
28081533	513	515	HI	T047	C0752308
28081533	541	592	Johns Hopkins Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit	T073,T093	C0021709
28081533	606	612	period	T079	C1948053
28081533	626	629	EEG	T034	C1527380
28081533	630	640	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28081533	641	650	protocols	T061	C0008971
28081533	666	674	Period 1	T079	C1948053
28081533	696	714	brief conventional	T169	C0205245
28081533	715	718	EEG	T060	C0013819
28081533	724	732	duration	T079	C0449238
28081533	739	752	variable time	T079	C0040223
28081533	760	771	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28081533	772	793	hypothermia treatment	T061	C0150255
28081533	816	823	seizure	T184	C0036572
28081533	828	837	suspected	T047	C0277540
28081533	839	847	Period 2	T079	C1948053
28081533	869	887	brief conventional	T169	C0205245
28081533	888	891	EEG	T060	C0013819
28081533	904	928	amplitude-integrated EEG	T060	C0013819
28081533	937	945	duration	T079	C0449238
28081533	949	960	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28081533	961	982	hypothermia treatment	T061	C0150255
28081533	995	1013	brief conventional	T169	C0205245
28081533	1014	1017	EEG	T060	C0013819
28081533	1024	1033	rewarming	T061	C0206156
28081533	1039	1047	Period 3	T079	C1948053
28081533	1061	1081	continuous video-EEG	T060	C0430800
28081533	1083	1087	cEEG	T060	C0430800
28081533	1097	1105	duration	T079	C0449238
28081533	1109	1120	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28081533	1121	1142	hypothermia treatment	T061	C0150255
28081533	1195	1204	rewarming	T061	C0206156
28081533	1232	1240	newborns	T100	C0021289
28081533	1263	1289	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
28081533	1321	1329	duration	T079	C0449238
28081533	1333	1336	EEG	T034	C1527380
28081533	1337	1347	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28081533	1352	1360	assessed	T052	C1516048
28081533	1365	1369	risk	T078	C0035647
28081533	1371	1381	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28081533	1399	1402	ASD	T121	C1254351
28081533	1415	1418	ASD	T121	C1254351
28081533	1426	1430	ASDs	T121	C1254351
28081533	1450	1454	risk	T078	C0035647
28081533	1460	1467	neonate	T100	C0021289
28081533	1488	1491	ASD	T121	C1254351
28081533	1512	1520	Period 3	T079	C1948053
28081533	1522	1526	cEEG	T060	C0430800
28081533	1540	1548	Period 1	T079	C1948053
28081533	1550	1568	brief conventional	T169	C0205245
28081533	1569	1572	EEG	T060	C0013819
28081533	1633	1636	EEG	T060	C0013819
28081533	1641	1644	MRI	T060	C0024485
28081533	1645	1652	results	T169	C1274040
28081533	1668	1676	Period 1	T079	C1948053
28081533	1700	1704	risk	T078	C0035647
28081533	1721	1724	ASD	T121	C1254351
28081533	1732	1740	Period 2	T079	C1948053
28081533	1783	1787	risk	T078	C0035647
28081533	1795	1803	Period 3	T079	C1948053
28081533	1836	1846	risk ratio	T081	C0028873
28081533	1863	1867	ASDs	T121	C1254351
28081533	1913	1920	periods	T079	C1948053
28081533	1963	1974	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28081533	1979	1990	specificity	T081	C1511884
28081533	1994	2014	continuous video-EEG	T060	C0430800
28081533	2015	2025	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28081533	2033	2040	infants	T100	C0021270
28081533	2059	2062	ASD	T121	C1254351
28081533	2099	2102	EEG	T034	C1527380
28081533	2103	2113	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28081533	2115	2119	aEEG	T060	C0013819
28081533	2123	2127	cEEG	T060	C0430800
28081533	2150	2162	conventional	T169	C0205245
28081533	2163	2166	EEG	T060	C0013819
28081533	2193	2213	continuous video-EEG	T060	C0430800
28081533	2261	2269	seizures	T184	C0036572
28081533	2301	2314	overtreatment	T058	C4046039

28081741|t|Depletion of NFBD1 / MDC1 Induces Apoptosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Through the p53 - ROS - Mitochondrial Pathway
28081741|a|NFBD1, a signal amplifier of the p53 pathway, is vital for protecting cells from p53 -mediated apoptosis and the early phase of DNA damage response under normal culture conditions. Here we investigated its expression in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and we describe the biological functions of the NFBD1 gene. We found that NFBD1 mRNA and protein were more highly expressed in NPC tissues than in nontumorous tissues. To investigate the function of NFBD1, we created NFBD1 - depleted NPC cell lines that exhibited decreased cellular proliferation and colony formation, an increase in their rate of apoptosis, and an enhanced sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents compared with in vitro controls. However, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and downregulation of p53 expression could partially reverse the apoptosis caused by the loss of NFBD1. Further analysis showed that loss of NFBD1 resulted in increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) depending on p53, which subsequently triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathwa y. Using a xenograft model in nude mice, we showed that silencing NFBD1 also significantly inhibited tumor growth and led to apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that inhibition of NFBD1 in NPC could be therapeutically useful.
28081741	0	9	Depletion	T169	C0333668
28081741	13	18	NFBD1	T028	C1427378
28081741	21	25	MDC1	T028	C1427378
28081741	26	33	Induces	T169	C0205263
28081741	34	43	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28081741	47	71	Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma	T191	C2931822
28081741	72	77	Cells	T025	C0007634
28081741	78	85	Through	T169	C0332273
28081741	90	93	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28081741	96	99	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28081741	102	123	Mitochondrial Pathway	T044	C3270989
28081741	124	129	NFBD1	T028	C1427378
28081741	157	168	p53 pathway	T044	C2756034
28081741	183	199	protecting cells	T039	C0524828
28081741	205	208	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28081741	219	228	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28081741	252	271	DNA damage response	T043	C1155291
28081741	278	303	normal culture conditions	T059	C0007585
28081741	330	340	expression	T045	C1171362
28081741	344	352	patients	T101	C0030705
28081741	358	382	nasopharyngeal carcinoma	T191	C2931822
28081741	384	387	NPC	T191	C2931822
28081741	410	430	biological functions	T038	C3714634
28081741	438	448	NFBD1 gene	T028	C1427378
28081741	464	469	NFBD1	T028	C1427378
28081741	470	474	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28081741	479	486	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28081741	497	503	highly	T080	C0205250
28081741	504	513	expressed	T045	C0017262
28081741	517	520	NPC	T191	C2931822
28081741	521	528	tissues	T024	C1292533
28081741	537	548	nontumorous	T033	C0243095
28081741	549	556	tissues	T024	C1292533
28081741	577	585	function	T044	C1527118
28081741	589	594	NFBD1	T028	C1427378
28081741	607	612	NFBD1	T028	C1427378
28081741	615	623	depleted	T169	C0333668
28081741	624	627	NPC	T191	C2931822
28081741	628	638	cell lines	T025	C0007600
28081741	664	686	cellular proliferation	T043	C0596290
28081741	691	697	colony	T025	C1947989
28081741	698	707	formation	T169	C1522492
28081741	712	720	increase	T169	C0442805
28081741	730	734	rate	T081	C1521828
28081741	738	747	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28081741	756	764	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28081741	765	776	sensitivity	T080	C1522640
28081741	780	803	chemotherapeutic agents	T121	C0729502
28081741	818	826	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28081741	846	863	N-acetyl cysteine	T116,T121	C0001047
28081741	865	868	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
28081741	874	888	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28081741	892	906	p53 expression	T045	C1171362
28081741	913	922	partially	T081	C0728938
28081741	923	930	reverse	T169	C1555029
28081741	935	944	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28081741	959	963	loss	T081	C1517945
28081741	967	972	NFBD1	T028	C1427378
28081741	1003	1007	loss	T081	C1517945
28081741	1011	1016	NFBD1	T028	C1427378
28081741	1029	1038	increased	T081	C0205217
28081741	1053	1066	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28081741	1067	1090	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28081741	1092	1095	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28081741	1110	1113	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28081741	1121	1133	subsequently	T079	C0332282
28081741	1134	1143	triggered	T080	C1444748
28081741	1148	1178	mitochondrial apoptotic pathwa	T044	C3269143
28081741	1190	1205	xenograft model	T050	C1520166
28081741	1209	1218	nude mice	T015	C0025932
28081741	1235	1244	silencing	T045	C0598496
28081741	1245	1250	NFBD1	T028	C1427378
28081741	1270	1279	inhibited	T052	C3463820
28081741	1280	1292	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28081741	1304	1313	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28081741	1353	1363	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28081741	1367	1372	NFBD1	T028	C1427378
28081741	1376	1379	NPC	T191	C2931822
28081741	1389	1404	therapeutically	T061	C0087111
28081741	1405	1411	useful	T080	C3827682

28082225|t|Rigidifying flexible sites: An approach to improve stability of chondroitinase ABC I
28082225|a|The stability of chondroitin ABC lyase I (cABC I) at physiological temperature is one of the current obstacles to its clinical application. In this study, we used a protein engineering approach; rigidify flexible sites, to improve stability of cABC I. B-factor analysis showed a flexible loop at the N-terminal domain of cABC I which may be involved in its thermal instability and five residues in this region were replaced with proline. Thermal inactivation and thermal denaturation analysis revealed that Glu138Pro mutation increased half-life and Tm of enzyme, respectively. The Km values of mutated enzymes were slightly increased compared to the wild type enzyme. The results of limited proteolysis indicated that Glu138Pro mutant was more resistant against trypsinolysis and this variant was less quenched in both acrylamide and KI quenching experiments. Moreover, intrinsic fluorescence intensity of Glu138Pro variant was increased and its ANS fluorescence intensity was decreased, whereas no considerable changes were observed in the far-UV CD spectra. The structural analyses indicated compactness of structure of Glu138Pro enzyme which can be related to moderately enhanced stability of this mutant. This study demonstrated that rigidifying flexible residues can be considered as a possible approach to increase the stability of the protein.
28082225	0	27	Rigidifying flexible sites:	T082	C1254362
28082225	51	60	stability	T044	C0014439
28082225	64	84	chondroitinase ABC I	T116,T126	C0008455
28082225	89	98	stability	T044	C0014439
28082225	102	125	chondroitin ABC lyase I	T116,T126	C0008455
28082225	127	133	cABC I	T116,T126	C0008455
28082225	138	163	physiological temperature	T032	C0005903
28082225	203	223	clinical application	T061	C0008971
28082225	250	278	protein engineering approach	T059,T063	C0033629
28082225	280	303	rigidify flexible sites	T082	C1254362
28082225	316	325	stability	T044	C0014439
28082225	329	335	cABC I	T116,T126	C0008455
28082225	337	354	B-factor analysis	T059	C0200924
28082225	364	372	flexible	T080	C0443220
28082225	373	377	loop	T082	C0445022
28082225	385	402	N-terminal domain	T087	C1706793
28082225	406	412	cABC I	T116,T126	C0008455
28082225	442	449	thermal	T070	C0018837
28082225	450	461	instability	T033	C1444783
28082225	514	521	proline	T116,T123	C0033382
28082225	531	543	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28082225	556	568	denaturation	T044	C0033627
28082225	569	577	analysis	T062	C0936012
28082225	592	601	Glu138Pro	T087	C0002518
28082225	602	610	mutation	T045	C0026882
28082225	621	630	half-life	T079	C0018517
28082225	635	637	Tm	T081	C1456458
28082225	641	647	enzyme	T116,T126	C0008455
28082225	667	676	Km values	T081	C1706312
28082225	680	687	mutated	T045	C0026882
28082225	688	695	enzymes	T116,T126	C0008455
28082225	736	745	wild type	T028	C1883559
28082225	746	752	enzyme	T116,T126	C0008455
28082225	769	788	limited proteolysis	T044	C0597304
28082225	804	820	Glu138Pro mutant	T116	C1564139
28082225	830	839	resistant	T169	C0332325
28082225	848	861	trypsinolysis	T044	C0597304
28082225	871	878	variant	T116	C1564139
28082225	905	915	acrylamide	T109,T131	C0050587
28082225	920	922	KI	T121,T197	C0032831
28082225	923	944	quenching experiments	T059	C0022885
28082225	966	978	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28082225	979	988	intensity	T080	C0522510
28082225	992	1009	Glu138Pro variant	T116	C1564139
28082225	1032	1035	ANS	T130	C0021212
28082225	1036	1048	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28082225	1049	1058	intensity	T080	C0522510
28082225	1127	1144	far-UV CD spectra	T059	C0008813
28082225	1150	1169	structural analyses	T059	C4263501
28082225	1180	1191	compactness	T033	C1333134
28082225	1208	1217	Glu138Pro	T116	C1564139
28082225	1218	1224	enzyme	T116,T126	C0008455
28082225	1269	1278	stability	T044	C0014439
28082225	1287	1293	mutant	T049	C0596988
28082225	1324	1353	rigidifying flexible residues	T082	C1254362
28082225	1411	1420	stability	T044	C0014439
28082225	1428	1435	protein	T116,T123	C0033684

28082453|t|ATF3 expression in cardiomyocytes preserves homeostasis in the heart and controls peripheral glucose tolerance
28082453|a|Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) trigger a harmful stress - induced cardiac remodeling process known as cardiomyopathy. These diseases represent a serious and widespread health problem in the Western world; however the underlying molecular basis is not clear. ATF3 is an ' immediate early' gene whose expression is highly and transiently induced in response to multiple stressors such as metabolic, oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum and inflammation, stressors that are involved in T2D cardiomyopathy. The role of ATF3 in diabetic cardiomyopathy is currently unknown. Our research has aimed to study the effect of ATF3 expression on cardiomyocytes, heart function and glucose homeostasis in an obesity - induced T2D mouse model. We used wild type mice (WT) as well as mutant mice with a cardiac - specific ATF3 deficiency (ATF3-cKO). Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. HFD induced high ATF3 expression in cardiomyocytes. Mice were examined for cardiac remodeling processes and the diabetic state was assessed. HFD -fed ATF3-cKO mice exhibited severe cardiac fibrosis, higher levels of heart hypertrophic markers, increased inflammation and worse cardiac function, as compared to WT mice. Interestingly, HFD -fed ATF3-cKO mice display increased hyperglycemia and reduced glucose tolerance, despite higher blood insulin levels, as compared to HFD -fed WT mice. Elevated levels of the cardiac inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα leading to impaired insulin signalling may partially explain the peripheral glucose intolerance. Cardiac ATF3 has a protective role in dampening the HFD - induced cardiac remodeling processes. ATF3 exerts both local and systemic effects related to T2D -induced cardiomyopathy. This study provides a strong relationship between heart remodeling processes and blood glucose homeostasis.
28082453	0	4	ATF3	T116,T123	C1307893
28082453	5	15	expression	T045	C1171362
28082453	19	33	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28082453	44	55	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28082453	63	68	heart	T023	C0018787
28082453	73	81	controls	T080	C0243148
28082453	82	92	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28082453	93	110	glucose tolerance	T039	C0178665
28082453	111	118	Obesity	T047	C0028754
28082453	123	138	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28082453	140	143	T2D	T047	C0011860
28082453	145	152	trigger	T080	C1444748
28082453	163	169	stress	T046	C0449430
28082453	172	179	induced	T169	C0205263
28082453	180	206	cardiac remodeling process	T046	C3658220
28082453	216	230	cardiomyopathy	T047	C0878544
28082453	238	246	diseases	T047	C0012634
28082453	247	256	represent	T052	C1882932
28082453	259	266	serious	T080	C0205404
28082453	271	281	widespread	T082	C0205391
28082453	282	296	health problem	T033	C4035943
28082453	304	317	Western world	UnknownType	C0680323
28082453	342	357	molecular basis	T078	C1853126
28082453	361	370	not clear	T033	C3845108
28082453	372	376	ATF3	T028	C1412616
28082453	385	406	immediate early' gene	T028	C0206256
28082453	413	423	expression	T045	C0017262
28082453	427	433	highly	T080	C0205250
28082453	438	449	transiently	T079	C0205374
28082453	450	457	induced	T169	C0205263
28082453	461	469	response	T039	C0542478
28082453	473	481	multiple	T081	C0439064
28082453	482	491	stressors	T033	C0597241
28082453	500	509	metabolic	T032	C2350024
28082453	511	520	oxidative	T049	C0242606
28082453	522	543	endoplasmic reticulum	T049	C3178870
28082453	548	560	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28082453	562	571	stressors	T033	C0597241
28082453	581	589	involved	T169	C1314939
28082453	593	596	T2D	T047	C0011860
28082453	597	611	cardiomyopathy	T047	C0878544
28082453	625	629	ATF3	T116,T123	C1307893
28082453	633	656	diabetic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0853897
28082453	660	669	currently	T079	C0521116
28082453	670	677	unknown	T080	C0439673
28082453	683	691	research	T062	C0035168
28082453	715	721	effect	T080	C1280500
28082453	725	729	ATF3	T116,T123	C1307893
28082453	730	740	expression	T045	C1171362
28082453	744	758	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28082453	760	774	heart function	T042	C0232164
28082453	779	798	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
28082453	805	812	obesity	T047	C0028754
28082453	815	822	induced	T169	C0205263
28082453	823	826	T2D	T047	C0011860
28082453	827	838	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28082453	848	862	wild type mice	T015	C0026809
28082453	864	866	WT	T015	C0026809
28082453	879	890	mutant mice	T015	C0025930
28082453	898	905	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28082453	908	916	specific	T080	C0205369
28082453	917	921	ATF3	T028	C1412616
28082453	922	932	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28082453	934	942	ATF3-cKO	T015	C0206745
28082453	945	949	Mice	T015	C0026809
28082453	961	974	high-fat diet	T168	C0453819
28082453	976	979	HFD	T168	C0453819
28082453	995	998	HFD	T168	C0453819
28082453	999	1006	induced	T169	C0205263
28082453	1007	1011	high	T080	C0205250
28082453	1012	1016	ATF3	T116,T123	C1307893
28082453	1017	1027	expression	T045	C1171362
28082453	1031	1045	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28082453	1047	1051	Mice	T015	C0026809
28082453	1057	1065	examined	T033	C0332128
28082453	1070	1098	cardiac remodeling processes	T046	C3658220
28082453	1107	1121	diabetic state	T047	C0271650
28082453	1126	1134	assessed	T058	C0220825
28082453	1136	1139	HFD	T168	C0453819
28082453	1145	1158	ATF3-cKO mice	T015	C0206745
28082453	1169	1175	severe	T080	C0205082
28082453	1176	1192	cardiac fibrosis	T047	C1397307
28082453	1194	1200	higher	T080	C0205250
28082453	1201	1207	levels	T080	C0441889
28082453	1211	1229	heart hypertrophic	T046	C1383860
28082453	1230	1237	markers	T201	C0005516
28082453	1239	1248	increased	T081	C0205217
28082453	1249	1261	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28082453	1266	1271	worse	T033	C1457868
28082453	1272	1288	cardiac function	T042	C0232164
28082453	1293	1301	compared	T052	C1707455
28082453	1305	1312	WT mice	T015	C0026809
28082453	1329	1332	HFD	T168	C0453819
28082453	1338	1351	ATF3-cKO mice	T015	C0206745
28082453	1352	1359	display	T169	C0870432
28082453	1360	1369	increased	T081	C0205217
28082453	1370	1383	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
28082453	1388	1395	reduced	T080	C0392756
28082453	1396	1413	glucose tolerance	T039	C0178665
28082453	1423	1450	higher blood insulin levels	T033	C0852795
28082453	1455	1463	compared	T052	C1707455
28082453	1467	1470	HFD	T168	C0453819
28082453	1476	1484	WT mice.	T015	C0026809
28082453	1485	1493	Elevated	T080	C3163633
28082453	1494	1500	levels	T080	C0441889
28082453	1508	1515	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28082453	1516	1538	inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28082453	1539	1543	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28082453	1548	1552	TNFα	T116,T129	C1456820
28082453	1564	1572	impaired	T169	C0221099
28082453	1573	1591	insulin signalling	T044	C1155395
28082453	1618	1628	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28082453	1629	1648	glucose intolerance	T039	C0178665
28082453	1650	1657	Cardiac	T023	C0018787
28082453	1658	1662	ATF3	T116,T123	C1307893
28082453	1702	1705	HFD	T168	C0453819
28082453	1708	1715	induced	T169	C0205263
28082453	1716	1744	cardiac remodeling processes	T046	C3658220
28082453	1746	1750	ATF3	T116,T123	C1307893
28082453	1751	1757	exerts	T040	C0015264
28082453	1801	1804	T2D	T047	C0011860
28082453	1814	1828	cardiomyopathy	T047	C0878544
28082453	1852	1858	strong	T080	C0442821
28082453	1859	1871	relationship	T080	C0439849
28082453	1880	1906	heart remodeling processes	T046	C3658220
28082453	1911	1916	blood	T031	C0005767
28082453	1917	1937	glucose homeostasis.	T039	C1326961

28082609|t|Variation in the Intensity of Selection on Codon Bias over Time Causes Contrasting Patterns of Base Composition Evolution in Drosophila
28082609|a|Four-fold degenerate coding sites form a major component of the genome, and are often used to make inferences about selection and demography, so that understanding their evolution is important. Despite previous efforts, many questions regarding the causes of base composition changes at these sites in Drosophila remain unanswered. To shed further light on this issue, we obtained a new whole-genome polymorphism data set from D. simulans. We analyzed samples from the putatively ancestral range of D. simulans, as well as an existing polymorphism data set from an African population of D. melanogaster. By using D. yakuba as an outgroup, we found clear evidence for selection on 4-fold sites along both lineages over a substantial period, with the intensity of selection increasing with GC content. Based on an explicit model of base composition evolution, we suggest that the observed AT- biased substitution pattern in both lineages is probably due to an ancestral reduction in selection intensity, and is unlikely to be the result of an increase in mutational bias towards AT alone. By using two polymorphism-based methods for estimating selection coefficients over different timescales, we show that the selection intensity on codon usage has been rather stable in D. simulans in the recent past, but the long-term estimates in D. melanogaster are much higher than the short-term ones, indicating a continuing decline in selection intensity, to such an extent that the short-term estimates suggest that selection is only active in the most GC -rich parts of the genome. Finally, we provide evidence for complex evolutionary patterns in the putatively neutral short introns, which cannot be explained by the standard GC - biased gene conversion model. These results reveal a dynamic picture of base composition evolution.
28082609	0	9	Variation	T070	C0042333
28082609	17	26	Intensity	T080	C0522510
28082609	30	39	Selection	T045	C0036576
28082609	43	48	Codon	T086	C0009221
28082609	49	53	Bias	T078	C0242568
28082609	59	63	Time	T079	C0040223
28082609	71	91	Contrasting Patterns	T082	C0449774
28082609	95	111	Base Composition	T081	C0004790
28082609	112	121	Evolution	T045	C0015219
28082609	125	135	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
28082609	146	156	degenerate	T169	C1880269
28082609	157	169	coding sites	T028	C0079941
28082609	200	206	genome	T028	C0017428
28082609	252	261	selection	T045	C0036576
28082609	266	276	demography	T078	C0011292
28082609	306	315	evolution	T045	C0015219
28082609	395	411	base composition	T081	C0004790
28082609	412	419	changes	T169	C0392747
28082609	429	434	sites	T028	C0079941
28082609	438	448	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
28082609	498	503	issue	T033	C0033213
28082609	523	557	whole-genome polymorphism data set	T170	C3242346
28082609	563	574	D. simulans	T204	C0998507
28082609	579	587	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28082609	588	595	samples	T026	C0444241
28082609	635	646	D. simulans	T204	C0998507
28082609	671	692	polymorphism data set	T170	C3242346
28082609	723	738	D. melanogaster	T204	C0013139
28082609	749	758	D. yakuba	T204	C0998511
28082609	765	773	outgroup	T098	C0871022
28082609	790	798	evidence	T078	C3887511
28082609	803	812	selection	T045	C0036576
28082609	823	828	sites	T028	C0079941
28082609	840	848	lineages	T078	C0282637
28082609	856	874	substantial period	T079	C1948053
28082609	885	894	intensity	T080	C0522510
28082609	898	907	selection	T045	C0036576
28082609	924	934	GC content	T081	C1135899
28082609	957	962	model	T075	C0026339
28082609	966	982	base composition	T081	C0004790
28082609	983	992	evolution	T045	C0015219
28082609	1014	1022	observed	T169	C1441672
28082609	1027	1033	biased	T078	C0242568
28082609	1034	1054	substitution pattern	T082	C0449774
28082609	1063	1071	lineages	T078	C0282637
28082609	1094	1113	ancestral reduction	T080	C0392756
28082609	1117	1126	selection	T045	C0036576
28082609	1127	1136	intensity	T080	C0522510
28082609	1164	1170	result	T034	C0456984
28082609	1177	1185	increase	T169	C0442805
28082609	1189	1199	mutational	T045	C0026882
28082609	1200	1204	bias	T078	C0242568
28082609	1236	1262	polymorphism-based methods	T060	C0796451
28082609	1267	1277	estimating	T081	C0750572
28082609	1278	1287	selection	T045	C0036576
28082609	1288	1300	coefficients	T081	C1707429
28082609	1345	1354	selection	T045	C0036576
28082609	1355	1364	intensity	T080	C0522510
28082609	1368	1373	codon	T086	C0009221
28082609	1396	1402	stable	T080	C0205360
28082609	1406	1417	D. simulans	T204	C0998507
28082609	1446	1455	long-term	T079	C0443252
28082609	1456	1465	estimates	T081	C0750572
28082609	1469	1484	D. melanogaster	T204	C0013139
28082609	1494	1500	higher	T080	C0205250
28082609	1510	1520	short-term	T079	C0443303
28082609	1540	1550	continuing	T078	C0549178
28082609	1551	1558	decline	T081	C0282251
28082609	1562	1571	selection	T045	C0036576
28082609	1572	1581	intensity	T080	C0522510
28082609	1594	1600	extent	T082	C0439792
28082609	1610	1620	short-term	T079	C0443303
28082609	1621	1630	estimates	T081	C0750572
28082609	1644	1653	selection	T045	C0036576
28082609	1662	1668	active	T169	C0205177
28082609	1681	1683	GC	T081	C1135899
28082609	1703	1709	genome	T028	C0017428
28082609	1731	1739	evidence	T078	C3887511
28082609	1744	1751	complex	T080	C0439855
28082609	1752	1773	evolutionary patterns	T082	C0449774
28082609	1792	1813	neutral short introns	T114,T123	C0021920
28082609	1848	1856	standard	T081	C0034925
28082609	1857	1859	GC	T081	C1135899
28082609	1862	1868	biased	T078	C0242568
28082609	1869	1884	gene conversion	T045	C0017259
28082609	1885	1890	model	T075	C0026339
28082609	1898	1905	results	T034	C0456984
28082609	1915	1922	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28082609	1934	1950	base composition	T081	C0004790
28082609	1951	1960	evolution	T045	C0015219

28082632|t|Taxonomic Revision of Lipoptilocnema (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), With Notes on Natural History and Forensic Importance of Its Species
28082632|a|Lipoptilocnema Townsend is a small genus of Neotropical Sarcophaginae with a distinctive genitalic morphology. This genus is revised based on the examination of the type series and large numbers of specimens of the seven previously known species, plus three new ones herein described, one from Argentina (L. delfinado Mulieri and Mello-Patiu, sp. nov.), and two from Brazil (L. savana Mulieri and Mello-Patiu, sp. nov. and L. tibanae Mulieri and Mello-Patiu, sp. nov.). All species are described or redescribed and illustrated. Distribution maps and a key for male identification are provided. The taxonomic position of this genus is reviewed and the interpretation of phallic structures is discussed. Notes on the natural history of Lipoptilocnema species are provided, and their potential importance as PMI indicators is highlighted, including the first record of Lipoptilocnema reared from a dead human body.
28082632	0	9	Taxonomic	T169	C0008903
28082632	10	18	Revision	T079	C0439617
28082632	22	36	Lipoptilocnema	T204	C0322494
28082632	38	45	Diptera	T204	C0012578
28082632	47	60	Sarcophagidae	T204	C0322494
28082632	68	73	Notes	T170	C1317574
28082632	77	92	Natural History	T090	C0175860
28082632	97	105	Forensic	T090	C1257940
28082632	106	116	Importance	T080	C3898777
28082632	124	131	Species	T185	C1705920
28082632	132	155	Lipoptilocnema Townsend	T204	C0322494
28082632	167	172	genus	T185	C1708235
28082632	176	201	Neotropical Sarcophaginae	T204	C0322494
28082632	221	230	genitalic	T022	C0559522
28082632	231	241	morphology	T080	C0332437
28082632	248	253	genus	T185	C1708235
28082632	278	289	examination	T169	C1292732
28082632	330	339	specimens	T167	C0370003
28082632	370	377	species	T185	C1705920
28082632	426	435	Argentina	T083	C0003761
28082632	437	457	L. delfinado Mulieri	T185	C1705920
28082632	462	483	Mello-Patiu, sp. nov.	T185	C1705920
28082632	499	505	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28082632	507	524	L. savana Mulieri	T185	C1705920
28082632	529	550	Mello-Patiu, sp. nov.	T185	C1705920
28082632	555	573	L. tibanae Mulieri	T185	C1705920
28082632	578	599	Mello-Patiu, sp. nov.	T185	C1705920
28082632	606	613	species	T185	C1705920
28082632	660	677	Distribution maps	T170	C0282574
28082632	692	696	male	T032	C0086582
28082632	730	748	taxonomic position	T078	C3669400
28082632	757	762	genus	T185	C1708235
28082632	766	774	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28082632	783	797	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28082632	801	819	phallic structures	T023	C0229983
28082632	834	839	Notes	T170	C1317574
28082632	847	862	natural history	T090	C0175860
28082632	866	888	Lipoptilocnema species	T185	C1705920
28082632	913	922	potential	T080	C3245505
28082632	923	933	importance	T080	C3898777
28082632	937	951	PMI indicators	T130	C0358514
28082632	998	1012	Lipoptilocnema	T204	C0322494
28082632	1013	1019	reared	T059	C1441721
28082632	1027	1031	dead	T040	C0011065
28082632	1032	1042	human body	T016	C0242821

28083444|t|When Race/Ethnicity Data Are Lacking: Using Advanced Indirect Estimation Methods to Measure Disparities
28083444|a|A key aim of U.S. health care reforms is to ensure equitable care while improving quality for all Americans. Limited race/ethnicity data in health care records hamper efforts to meet this goal. Despite improvements in access and quality, gaps persist, particularly among persons belonging to racial/ethnic minority and low-income groups. This study describes the use of indirect estimation methods to produce probabilistic estimates of racial/ethnic populations to monitor health care utilization and improvement. One method described, called Bayesian Indirect Surname Geocoding, uses a person's Census surname and the racial/ethnic composition of their neighborhood to produce a set of probabilities that a given person belongs to one of a set of mutually exclusive racial/ethnic groups. Advances in methods for estimating race/ethnicity are enabling health plans and other health care organizations to overcome a long-standing barrier to routine monitoring and actions to reduce disparities in care. Though these new estimation methods are promising, practical knowledge and guidance on how to most effectively apply newly available race/ethnicity data to address disparities can be greatly extended.
28083444	5	19	Race/Ethnicity	UnknownType	C0682122
28083444	20	24	Data	T078	C1511726
28083444	29	36	Lacking	T080	C0332268
28083444	53	61	Indirect	T080	C0439852
28083444	62	80	Estimation Methods	T081	C2825570
28083444	84	91	Measure	T081	C0079809
28083444	92	103	Disparities	T080	C1955989
28083444	117	120	U.S	T083	C0041703
28083444	122	141	health care reforms	T064	C0206597
28083444	155	164	equitable	T080	C0205163
28083444	165	169	care	T058	C0086388
28083444	176	193	improving quality	T057	C2936612
28083444	202	211	Americans	T098	C0596070
28083444	221	235	race/ethnicity	UnknownType	C0682122
28083444	236	240	data	T078	C1511726
28083444	244	255	health care	T058	C0086388
28083444	256	263	records	T170	C0034869
28083444	306	318	improvements	T077	C2986411
28083444	322	328	access	T082	C0444454
28083444	333	340	quality	T057	C2936612
28083444	375	382	persons	T098	C0027361
28083444	396	418	racial/ethnic minority	UnknownType	C0682123
28083444	423	440	low-income groups	T098	C0024045
28083444	447	452	study	T062	C2603343
28083444	474	482	indirect	T080	C0439852
28083444	483	501	estimation methods	T081	C2825570
28083444	513	536	probabilistic estimates	T081	C0750572
28083444	540	565	racial/ethnic populations	UnknownType	C0682122
28083444	577	588	health care	T058	C0086388
28083444	589	600	utilization	T169	C0042153
28083444	605	616	improvement	T077	C2986411
28083444	647	682	Bayesian Indirect Surname Geocoding	T081	C0242198
28083444	691	699	person's	T098	C0027361
28083444	700	706	Census	T081	C0007663
28083444	707	714	surname	T170	C1301584
28083444	723	748	racial/ethnic composition	UnknownType	C0683977
28083444	758	770	neighborhood	T083	C0027569
28083444	791	804	probabilities	T081	C0033204
28083444	818	824	person	T098	C0027361
28083444	871	891	racial/ethnic groups	UnknownType	C0682122
28083444	928	942	race/ethnicity	T033	C0178822
28083444	956	968	health plans	T058	C0018727
28083444	979	1004	health care organizations	T093	C1708333
28083444	1044	1062	routine monitoring	T033	C1821069
28083444	1085	1096	disparities	T080	C1955989
28083444	1100	1104	care	T058	C0086388
28083444	1123	1141	estimation methods	T081	C2825570
28083444	1157	1176	practical knowledge	T041	C0871112
28083444	1181	1189	guidance	T058	C0150600
28083444	1239	1253	race/ethnicity	UnknownType	C0682122
28083444	1254	1258	data	T078	C1511726
28083444	1270	1281	disparities	T080	C1955989

28083459|t|A Case of Koch's Spine Treated with Modified Transpedicular Vertebral Curettage and Posterior Fixation: A Novel Technique
28083459|a|Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by acid-fast mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. Spinal involvement occurs in less than one percent of TB. Spinal TB (Pott's disease) accounts for 50% of skeletal TB. Though it most commonly affects the thoracolumbar junction, it can occur at any level of the spine. Early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory in order to avoid neurological complications and spinal deformity. We report a case of a young female with tuberculosis of D12-L1 who was treated with posterior decompression using a modified transpedicular approach and posterior instrumentation with a successful outcome.
28083459	2	6	Case	T169	C0868928
28083459	10	22	Koch's Spine	T047	C0041330
28083459	23	30	Treated	T169	C1522326
28083459	36	44	Modified	T169	C0392747
28083459	45	79	Transpedicular Vertebral Curettage	T061	C0010468
28083459	84	93	Posterior	T082	C0205095
28083459	94	102	Fixation	T061	C0185023
28083459	112	121	Technique	T169	C0449851
28083459	122	134	Tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
28083459	136	138	TB	T047	C0041296
28083459	145	152	chronic	T079	C0205191
28083459	153	176	granulomatous infection	T047	C1610637
28083459	187	231	acid-fast mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli	T007	C0026926
28083459	233	251	Spinal involvement	T029	C0444534
28083459	287	289	TB	T047	C0041296
28083459	291	300	Spinal TB	T047	C0041330
28083459	302	316	Pott's disease	T047	C0041330
28083459	338	349	skeletal TB	UnknownType	C0041329
28083459	387	409	thoracolumbar junction	T030	C0224591
28083459	431	436	level	T080	C0441889
28083459	444	449	spine	T023	C0037949
28083459	457	466	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28083459	471	480	treatment	T061	C0087111
28083459	512	538	neurological complications	T046	C0235029
28083459	543	559	spinal deformity	T190	C0575157
28083459	564	570	report	T170	C0684224
28083459	573	577	case	T169	C0868928
28083459	583	588	young	T079	C0332239
28083459	589	595	female	T032	C0086287
28083459	601	613	tuberculosis	T047	C0041330
28083459	617	623	D12-L1	T030	C0507384
28083459	632	639	treated	T169	C1522326
28083459	645	654	posterior	T082	C0205095
28083459	655	668	decompression	T061	C1829459
28083459	677	685	modified	T169	C0392747
28083459	686	709	transpedicular approach	T061	C0010468
28083459	714	723	posterior	T082	C0205095
28083459	724	739	instrumentation	T061	C0356967
28083459	758	765	outcome	T169	C1274040

28083494|t|Newborn with Gastroschisis associated with Limb Anomalies
28083494|a|Gastroschisis is often found together with other extra intestinal conditions such as limb, spine, cardiac, central nervous system and genitourinary abnormalities. There are reports of its association with young maternal age. The cases presented here highlight the association of gastroschisis with limbs anomalies and young maternal age.
28083494	0	7	Newborn	T100	C0021289
28083494	13	26	Gastroschisis	T047	C0265706
28083494	27	42	associated with	T080	C0332281
28083494	43	57	Limb Anomalies	T019	C0206762
28083494	58	71	Gastroschisis	T047	C0265706
28083494	81	86	found	T033	C0150312
28083494	87	95	together	T080	C1883357
28083494	107	112	extra	T081	C1883702
28083494	113	123	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28083494	124	134	conditions	T047	C0012634
28083494	143	147	limb	T019	C0206762
28083494	149	154	spine	T190	C4021789
28083494	156	163	cardiac	T019	C0018798
28083494	165	187	central nervous system	T190	C4021765
28083494	192	219	genitourinary abnormalities	T019	C0042063
28083494	231	238	reports	T170	C0684224
28083494	246	257	association	T080	C0439849
28083494	263	281	young maternal age	T046	C2203698
28083494	287	292	cases	T077	C1706256
28083494	322	333	association	T080	C0439849
28083494	337	350	gastroschisis	T047	C0265706
28083494	356	371	limbs anomalies	T019	C0206762
28083494	376	394	young maternal age	T046	C2203698

28084061|t|A comparison of two comorbidity indices for predicting inpatient rehabilitation outcomes
28084061|a|Comorbid conditions are important in health care. The best comorbidity index for predicting the impact of comorbidities on rehabilitation outcomes has not been determined. Compare the associations of comorbidity measured using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the Cumulative Index Rating Scale (CIRS) with key rehabilitation outcomes. Aim was to determine whether either of these comorbidity indices helped explain the variation in key rehabilitation outcomes. Prospective open-cohort study. Inpatient rehabilitation ward, Melbourne, Australia. Adults admitted for inpatient rehabilitation (n=280). The main outcomes were demographic (e.g. age, gender, discharge destination) and clinical outcomes (reason for rehabilitation, length of stay, Functional Independence Measure, CCI and CIRS). A series of regression analyses were performed to determine the influence of comorbidity on three dependent variables: LOS in rehabilitation; 2) the change in Functional Independence Measure-motor score between rehabilitation discharge and admission; and 3) the discharge destination (home vs other). The mean age was 57.7 years, there were slightly more females (51%), most (95%) patients previously lived at home with family or other relatives (63%). The most common reason for rehabilitation was orthopaedic or other conditions (52%) and most (80%) people were discharged home. The median LOS was 27 days. There were 100 (35.7%) patients who had no comorbidity recorded using the CCI, 112 (40.0%) and 26 (9.3%) who three or more. All patients had at least one comorbidity recorded with the CIRS, and 264 (94.3%) had 3 or more comorbidities. There was little or no difference between the CCI or CIRS in terms of their ability to explain the variance in LOS (adjusted R2 =0.38 with and without comorbidities), change in disability during rehabilitation (adjusted R2 =0.31 - 0.33 with and without comorbidities) or the discharge destination (AUC=0.72 without comorbidities; 0.73 - 0.74 with comorbidities) beyond that accounted for by demographic and clinical information. Neither the CIRS nor the CCI in our patient sample provide additional information that explains the impact of comorbidities on key rehabilitation outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the most appropriate measure of comorbidity of relevance to inpatient rehabilitation outcomes.
28084061	2	12	comparison	T052	C1707455
28084061	20	39	comorbidity indices	T081	C1516737
28084061	44	54	predicting	T078	C0681842
28084061	55	64	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28084061	65	79	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	80	88	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28084061	89	108	Comorbid conditions	T033	C1275743
28084061	126	137	health care	T058	C0086388
28084061	148	165	comorbidity index	T081	C1516737
28084061	170	180	predicting	T078	C0681842
28084061	185	191	impact	T080	C4049986
28084061	195	208	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28084061	212	226	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	227	235	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28084061	249	259	determined	T080	C0521095
28084061	261	268	Compare	T052	C1707455
28084061	273	285	associations	T080	C0439849
28084061	289	300	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28084061	301	309	measured	T080	C0444706
28084061	320	346	Charlson Comorbidity Index	T081	C1516737
28084061	348	351	CCI	T081	C1516737
28084061	361	390	Cumulative Index Rating Scale	T081,T170	C0681889
28084061	392	396	CIRS	T081,T170	C0681889
28084061	407	421	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	422	430	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28084061	443	452	determine	T080	C0521095
28084061	477	496	comorbidity indices	T081	C1516737
28084061	516	525	variation	T080	C0205419
28084061	533	547	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	548	556	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28084061	558	587	Prospective open-cohort study	T062	C1709709
28084061	589	598	Inpatient	T101	C0021562
28084061	599	613	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	614	618	ward	T073,T093	C1305702
28084061	620	629	Melbourne	T083	C0004340
28084061	631	640	Australia	T083	C0004340
28084061	642	648	Adults	T100	C0001675
28084061	649	657	admitted	T058	C0184666
28084061	662	671	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28084061	672	686	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	705	713	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28084061	719	730	demographic	T078	C0011292
28084061	737	740	age	T032	C0001779
28084061	742	748	gender	T032	C0079399
28084061	750	759	discharge	T058	C0030685
28084061	760	771	destination	T082	C0079220
28084061	777	785	clinical	T080	C0205210
28084061	786	794	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28084061	796	802	reason	T033	C0566251
28084061	807	821	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	823	837	length of stay	T079	C0023303
28084061	839	870	Functional Independence Measure	T170	C0451172
28084061	872	875	CCI	T081	C1516737
28084061	880	884	CIRS	T081,T170	C0681889
28084061	899	918	regression analyses	T170	C0034980
28084061	924	933	performed	T169	C0884358
28084061	937	946	determine	T080	C0521095
28084061	951	960	influence	T077	C4054723
28084061	964	975	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28084061	985	1004	dependent variables	T169	C0871711
28084061	1006	1009	LOS	T079	C0023303
28084061	1013	1027	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	1036	1042	change	T081	C0443172
28084061	1046	1083	Functional Independence Measure-motor	T170	C0451172
28084061	1084	1089	score	T081	C0449820
28084061	1098	1112	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	1113	1122	discharge	T058	C0030685
28084061	1127	1136	admission	T058	C0184666
28084061	1149	1158	discharge	T058	C0030685
28084061	1159	1170	destination	T082	C0079220
28084061	1172	1176	home	T082	C0442519
28084061	1192	1196	mean	T081	C0444504
28084061	1197	1200	age	T032	C0001779
28084061	1210	1215	years	T079	C0439234
28084061	1242	1249	females	T032	C0086287
28084061	1268	1276	patients	T101	C0030705
28084061	1277	1287	previously	T079	C0205156
28084061	1288	1301	lived at home	T033	C0425078
28084061	1307	1313	family	T099	C0015576
28084061	1323	1332	relatives	T099	C0080103
28084061	1356	1362	reason	T033	C0566251
28084061	1367	1381	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	1386	1397	orthopaedic	T061	C1136201
28084061	1407	1417	conditions	T080	C0348080
28084061	1439	1445	people	T098	C0027361
28084061	1451	1461	discharged	T058	C0030685
28084061	1462	1466	home	T082	C0442519
28084061	1479	1482	LOS	T079	C0023303
28084061	1490	1494	days	T079	C0439228
28084061	1519	1527	patients	T101	C0030705
28084061	1539	1550	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28084061	1551	1559	recorded	T170	C0034869
28084061	1570	1573	CCI	T081	C1516737
28084061	1624	1632	patients	T101	C0030705
28084061	1650	1661	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28084061	1662	1670	recorded	T170	C0034869
28084061	1680	1684	CIRS	T081,T170	C0681889
28084061	1716	1729	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28084061	1754	1764	difference	T080	C1705242
28084061	1777	1780	CCI	T081	C1516737
28084061	1784	1788	CIRS	T081,T170	C0681889
28084061	1807	1814	ability	T032	C0085732
28084061	1830	1838	variance	T080	C1711260
28084061	1842	1845	LOS	T079	C0023303
28084061	1856	1858	R2	T081	C2827748
28084061	1882	1895	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28084061	1898	1904	change	T081	C0443172
28084061	1908	1918	disability	T033	C0231170
28084061	1926	1940	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	1951	1953	R2	T081	C2827748
28084061	1984	1997	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28084061	2006	2015	discharge	T058	C0030685
28084061	2016	2027	destination	T082	C0079220
28084061	2046	2059	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28084061	2078	2091	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28084061	2122	2133	demographic	T078	C0011292
28084061	2138	2158	clinical information	T170	C2708733
28084061	2172	2176	CIRS	T081,T170	C0681889
28084061	2185	2188	CCI	T081	C1516737
28084061	2196	2203	patient	T101	C0030705
28084061	2204	2210	sample	T167	C0370003
28084061	2211	2218	provide	T052	C1999230
28084061	2230	2241	information	T078	C1533716
28084061	2260	2266	impact	T080	C4049986
28084061	2270	2283	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28084061	2291	2305	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	2306	2314	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28084061	2324	2332	research	T062	C0035168
28084061	2346	2355	determine	T080	C0521095
28084061	2365	2376	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28084061	2377	2384	measure	T081	C0079809
28084061	2388	2399	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28084061	2403	2412	relevance	T080	C2347946
28084061	2416	2425	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28084061	2426	2440	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28084061	2441	2449	outcomes	T080	C0085415

28084862|t|Visual outcome, endocrine function and tumor control after fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy of craniopharyngiomas in adults: findings in a prospective cohort
28084862|a|The purpose of this study was to examine visual outcome, endocrine function and tumor control in a prospective cohort of craniopharyngioma patients, treated with fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy (FSRT). Sixteen adult patients with craniopharyngiomas were eligible for analysis. They were treated with linear accelerator-based FSRT during 1999-2015. In all cases, diagnosis was confirmed by histological analysis. The prescription dose to the tumor was 54 Gy (median, range 48-54) in 1.8 or 2.0 Gy per fraction, and the maximum radiation dose to the optic nerves and chiasm was 54.2 Gy (median, range 48.6-60.0) for the cohort. Serial ophthalmological and endocrine evaluations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed at regular intervals. Median follow-up was 3.3 years (range 1.1-14.1), 3.7 years (range 0.8-15.2), and 3.6 years (range 0.7-13.1) for visual outcome, endocrine function, and tumor control, respectively. Visual acuity impairment was present in 10 patients (62.5%) and visual field defects were present in 12 patients (75%) before FSRT. One patient developed radiation-induced optic neuropathy at seven years after FSRT. Thirteen of 16 patients (81.3%) had pituitary deficiency before FSRT, and did not develop further pituitary deficiency after FSRT. Mean tumor volume pre- FSRT was 2.72 cm(3) (range 0.20-9.90) and post- FSRT 1.2 cm(3) (range 0.00-13.10). Tumor control rate was 81.3% at two, five, and 10 years after FSRT. FSRT was relatively safe in this prospective cohort of craniopharyngiomas, with only one case of radiation-induced optic neuropathy and no case of new endocrinopathy. Tumor control rate was acceptable.
28084862	0	6	Visual	T169	C0234621
28084862	7	14	outcome	T169	C1274040
28084862	16	34	endocrine function	T039	C0678896
28084862	39	44	tumor	T191	C0027651
28084862	45	52	control	T169	C2587213
28084862	59	102	fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy	T061	C4289264
28084862	106	134	craniopharyngiomas in adults	T191	C0278875
28084862	150	168	prospective cohort	T062	C1709709
28084862	189	194	study	T062	C2603343
28084862	202	209	examine	T058	C0582103
28084862	210	216	visual	T169	C0234621
28084862	217	224	outcome	T169	C1274040
28084862	226	244	endocrine function	T039	C0678896
28084862	249	254	tumor	T191	C0027651
28084862	255	262	control	T169	C2587213
28084862	268	286	prospective cohort	T062	C1709709
28084862	290	307	craniopharyngioma	T191	C0010276
28084862	308	316	patients	T101	C0030705
28084862	318	330	treated with	T061	C0332293
28084862	331	374	fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy	T061	C4289264
28084862	376	380	FSRT	T061	C4289264
28084862	391	396	adult	T100	C0001675
28084862	397	405	patients	T101	C0030705
28084862	411	429	craniopharyngiomas	T191	C0010276
28084862	435	443	eligible	T080	C1548635
28084862	448	456	analysis	T062	C0936012
28084862	468	480	treated with	T061	C0332293
28084862	481	505	linear accelerator-based	T074	C0221878
28084862	506	510	FSRT	T061	C4289264
28084862	536	541	cases	T077	C1706256
28084862	543	552	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28084862	570	582	histological	T169	C0205462
28084862	583	591	analysis	T062	C0936012
28084862	597	609	prescription	T058	C0033080
28084862	610	614	dose	T081	C0178602
28084862	622	627	tumor	T191	C0027651
28084862	635	637	Gy	T081	C0556636
28084862	639	645	median	T081	C0876920
28084862	647	652	range	T081	C1514721
28084862	674	676	Gy	T081	C0556636
28084862	681	689	fraction	T081	C1264633
28084862	707	721	radiation dose	T081	C4019308
28084862	729	741	optic nerves	T023	C0029130
28084862	746	752	chiasm	T023	C0029126
28084862	762	764	Gy	T081	C0556636
28084862	766	772	median	T081	C0876920
28084862	774	779	range	T081	C1514721
28084862	799	805	cohort	T098	C0599755
28084862	814	830	ophthalmological	T061	C0200149
28084862	835	856	endocrine evaluations	T058	C2960670
28084862	861	887	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28084862	889	892	MRI	T060	C0024485
28084862	894	899	scans	T060	C0441633
28084862	937	943	Median	T081	C0876920
28084862	944	953	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28084862	962	967	years	T079	C0439234
28084862	969	974	range	T081	C1514721
28084862	990	995	years	T079	C0439234
28084862	997	1002	range	T081	C1514721
28084862	1022	1027	years	T079	C0439234
28084862	1029	1034	range	T081	C1514721
28084862	1049	1055	visual	T169	C0234621
28084862	1056	1063	outcome	T169	C1274040
28084862	1065	1083	endocrine function	T039	C0678896
28084862	1089	1094	tumor	T191	C0027651
28084862	1095	1102	control	T169	C2587213
28084862	1118	1131	Visual acuity	T201	C0042812
28084862	1132	1142	impairment	T169	C0221099
28084862	1161	1169	patients	T101	C0030705
28084862	1182	1202	visual field defects	T033	C3887875
28084862	1222	1230	patients	T101	C0030705
28084862	1244	1248	FSRT	T061	C4289264
28084862	1254	1261	patient	T101	C0030705
28084862	1272	1306	radiation-induced optic neuropathy	T047	C4302401
28084862	1316	1321	years	T079	C0439234
28084862	1328	1332	FSRT	T061	C4289264
28084862	1349	1357	patients	T101	C0030705
28084862	1370	1390	pituitary deficiency	T047	C0020635
28084862	1398	1402	FSRT	T061	C4289264
28084862	1432	1452	pituitary deficiency	T047	C0020635
28084862	1459	1463	FSRT	T061	C4289264
28084862	1465	1469	Mean	T081	C0444504
28084862	1470	1482	tumor volume	T081	C0475276
28084862	1488	1492	FSRT	T061	C4289264
28084862	1509	1514	range	T081	C1514721
28084862	1536	1540	FSRT	T061	C4289264
28084862	1552	1557	range	T081	C1514721
28084862	1571	1576	Tumor	T191	C0027651
28084862	1577	1584	control	T169	C2587213
28084862	1585	1589	rate	T081	C1521828
28084862	1621	1626	years	T079	C0439234
28084862	1633	1637	FSRT	T061	C4289264
28084862	1639	1643	FSRT	T061	C4289264
28084862	1684	1690	cohort	T098	C0599755
28084862	1694	1712	craniopharyngiomas	T191	C0010276
28084862	1728	1732	case	T077	C1706256
28084862	1736	1770	radiation-induced optic neuropathy	T047	C4302401
28084862	1778	1782	case	T077	C1706256
28084862	1790	1804	endocrinopathy	T047	C0014130
28084862	1806	1811	Tumor	T191	C0027651
28084862	1812	1819	control	T169	C2587213
28084862	1820	1824	rate	T081	C1521828

28084988|t|Screening for Food Insecurity in Six Veterans Administration Clinics for the Homeless, June-December 2015
28084988|a|We assessed findings from a food-insecurity screening of a national sample of Veterans Administration clinics for homeless and formerly homeless veterans. We reviewed results from initial screenings administered at 6 Veterans Administration primary care clinics for the homeless and responses from clinic staff members interviewed about the screening program. A total of 270 patients were screened. The average age was 53 years, and most were male (93.1%). Screening showed a high prevalence of food insecurity. Of the 270, 48.5% reported they experienced food insecurity in the previous 3 months, 55.0% reported averaging 2 meals a day, and 27.3% averaged 1 meal a day. Eighty-seven percent prepared their own meals, relying on food they bought (54.2%), help from friends and family (19.1%), and soup kitchens and food pantries (22%); 47.3% received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits (food stamps). Additionally, of those who screened positive for food insecurity 19.8% had diabetes or prediabetes, and 43.5% reported hypoglycemia symptoms when without food. Clinic staff members responded positively to the screening program and described it as a good rapport builder with patients. Integrating screening for food insecurity among patients in clinical settings was well received by both patients and health care providers. Addressing these positive findings of food insecurity requires a multidisciplinary health care approach.
28084988	0	9	Screening	T058	C0220908
28084988	14	29	Food Insecurity	T080	C3494174
28084988	37	68	Veterans Administration Clinics	T073,T093	C0020030
28084988	77	85	Homeless	T098	C0019863
28084988	109	117	assessed	T052	C1516048
28084988	118	126	findings	T033	C0243095
28084988	134	149	food-insecurity	T080	C3494174
28084988	150	159	screening	T058	C0220908
28084988	165	180	national sample	T170	C0038951
28084988	184	215	Veterans Administration clinics	T073,T093	C0020030
28084988	220	228	homeless	T098	C0019863
28084988	242	259	homeless veterans	T098	C0019863
28084988	264	272	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28084988	273	280	results	T169	C1274040
28084988	286	293	initial	T079	C0205265
28084988	294	304	screenings	T058	C0220908
28084988	323	367	Veterans Administration primary care clinics	T073,T093	C0020030
28084988	376	384	homeless	T098	C0019863
28084988	389	398	responses	T041	C2911692
28084988	404	410	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28084988	411	424	staff members	T097	C1552089
28084988	425	436	interviewed	T052	C0021822
28084988	447	456	screening	T058	C0220908
28084988	457	464	program	T169	C3484370
28084988	481	489	patients	T101	C0030705
28084988	495	503	screened	T058	C0220908
28084988	517	520	age	T032	C0001779
28084988	528	533	years	T079	C1510829
28084988	549	553	male	T032	C0086582
28084988	563	572	Screening	T058	C0220908
28084988	582	597	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
28084988	601	616	food insecurity	T080	C3494174
28084988	636	644	reported	T058	C0700287
28084988	662	677	food insecurity	T080	C3494174
28084988	696	702	months	T079	C0439231
28084988	710	718	reported	T058	C0700287
28084988	731	736	meals	T056	C1998602
28084988	739	742	day	T079	C0439505
28084988	765	769	meal	T056	C1998602
28084988	772	775	day	T079	C0439505
28084988	817	822	meals	T052	C3468944
28084988	835	839	food	T168	C0016452
28084988	871	878	friends	T098	C0079382
28084988	883	889	family	T099	C0015576
28084988	903	916	soup kitchens	T073	C0557653
28084988	921	934	food pantries	T073	C0557779
28084988	957	998	Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program	T064	C3494397
28084988	999	1007	benefits	T081	C0814225
28084988	1009	1020	food stamps	T064	C0681144
28084988	1050	1058	screened	T058	C0220908
28084988	1059	1067	positive	T033	C1514241
28084988	1072	1087	food insecurity	T080	C3494174
28084988	1098	1106	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28084988	1110	1121	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
28084988	1142	1154	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
28084988	1155	1163	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28084988	1177	1181	food	T168	C0016452
28084988	1183	1189	Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28084988	1190	1203	staff members	T097	C1552089
28084988	1204	1213	responded	T041	C2911692
28084988	1214	1224	positively	T033	C3843166
28084988	1232	1241	screening	T058	C0220908
28084988	1242	1249	program	T169	C3484370
28084988	1277	1284	rapport	T080	C0680241
28084988	1298	1306	patients	T101	C0030705
28084988	1320	1329	screening	T058	C0220908
28084988	1334	1349	food insecurity	T080	C3494174
28084988	1356	1364	patients	T101	C0030705
28084988	1368	1385	clinical settings	T082	C3176918
28084988	1412	1420	patients	T101	C0030705
28084988	1425	1446	health care providers	T097	C0018724
28084988	1465	1482	positive findings	T033	C1514241
28084988	1486	1501	food insecurity	T080	C3494174
28084988	1513	1530	multidisciplinary	T057	C0242479
28084988	1531	1542	health care	T058	C0086388

28085490|t|Internet Gaming Disorder Explains Unique Variance in Psychological Distress and Disability After Controlling for Comorbid Depression, OCD, ADHD, and Anxiety
28085490|a|This study extends knowledge about the relationship of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) to other established mental disorders by exploring comorbidities with anxiety, depression, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and assessing whether IGD accounts for unique variance in distress and disability. An online survey was completed by a convenience sample that engages in Internet gaming (N = 404). Participants meeting criteria for IGD based on the Personal Internet Gaming Disorder Evaluation-9 (PIE-9) reported higher comorbidity with depression, OCD, ADHD, and anxiety compared with those who did not meet the IGD criteria. IGD explained a small proportion of unique variance in distress (1%) and disability (3%). IGD accounted for a larger proportion of unique variance in disability than anxiety and ADHD, and a similar proportion to depression. Replications with clinical samples using longitudinal designs and structured diagnostic interviews are required.
28085490	0	15	Internet Gaming	T056	C3842705
28085490	16	24	Disorder	T048	C0004936
28085490	34	49	Unique Variance	T080	C1711260
28085490	53	75	Psychological Distress	T048	C0815107
28085490	80	90	Disability	T033	C0231170
28085490	113	121	Comorbid	T033	C1275743
28085490	122	132	Depression	T048	C0011570
28085490	134	137	OCD	T048	C0028768
28085490	139	143	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28085490	149	156	Anxiety	T033	C0003467
28085490	162	167	study	T062	C2603343
28085490	176	185	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28085490	196	208	relationship	T080	C0439849
28085490	212	236	Internet Gaming Disorder	T048	C0004936
28085490	238	241	IGD	T048	C0004936
28085490	264	280	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
28085490	294	307	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28085490	313	320	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28085490	322	332	depression	T048	C0011570
28085490	334	374	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	T048	C1263846
28085490	376	380	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28085490	387	416	obsessive compulsive disorder	T048	C0028768
28085490	418	421	OCD	T048	C0028768
28085490	428	437	assessing	T058	C0184514
28085490	446	449	IGD	T048	C0004936
28085490	463	478	unique variance	T080	C1711260
28085490	482	490	distress	T033	C0231303
28085490	495	505	disability	T033	C0231170
28085490	510	523	online survey	T170	C0038951
28085490	543	561	convenience sample	T062	C0150095
28085490	578	593	Internet gaming	T056	C3842705
28085490	605	617	Participants	T098	C0679646
28085490	618	634	meeting criteria	T077	C1254372
28085490	639	642	IGD	T048	C0004936
28085490	656	702	Personal Internet Gaming Disorder Evaluation-9	T062	C0242481
28085490	704	709	PIE-9	T062	C0242481
28085490	720	738	higher comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28085490	744	754	depression	T048	C0011570
28085490	756	759	OCD	T048	C0028768
28085490	761	765	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28085490	771	778	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28085490	820	823	IGD	T048	C0004936
28085490	824	832	criteria	T078	C0243161
28085490	834	837	IGD	T048	C0004936
28085490	856	866	proportion	T081	C1709707
28085490	870	885	unique variance	T080	C1711260
28085490	889	897	distress	T033	C0231303
28085490	907	917	disability	T033	C0231170
28085490	924	927	IGD	T048	C0004936
28085490	944	961	larger proportion	T081	C1709707
28085490	965	980	unique variance	T080	C1711260
28085490	984	994	disability	T033	C0231170
28085490	1000	1007	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28085490	1012	1016	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28085490	1032	1042	proportion	T081	C1709707
28085490	1046	1056	depression	T048	C0011570
28085490	1058	1070	Replications	T080	C1883725
28085490	1076	1092	clinical samples	T098	C2349001
28085490	1099	1119	longitudinal designs	T052	C1707689
28085490	1124	1156	structured diagnostic interviews	UnknownType	C0681913

28085530|t|Invasive fungal infections in renal transplant patients: a single center study
28085530|a|Timely diagnosis of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in renal transplant (RT) patients on immunosuppression is often difficult, jeopardizing their life and graft. We reported IFI and their causative fungal agents in post- RT patients. This was a retrospective 6-year clinical study carried out from 2010 to 2015 on 1900 RT patients. Clinical data included patient - donor demographics, time to onset of infection, risk factors and graft function in terms of serum creatinine (SCr). To identify IFI, we examined bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), blood, tissue, and wound swab samples by conventional mycological methods. IFI were diagnosed in 30 (1.56%) patients on triple immunosuppression, mainly males (n = 25) with mean age of 36.57 ± 11.9 years at 13.12 ± 18.35 months post- RT. Aspergillus species was identified in 11 BAL, one tissue, and one wound specimen each, 30.76% of these were fatal and 15.38% caused graft loss; Candida albicans was in nine BAL, four blood, two wound swab, and one tissue specimens, 25% of these were fatal and 25% had graft loss and one mucor in BAL which was fatal. Seven patients were diabetic, 10 had superadded cytomegalovirus infection, and 15 were anti-rejected. IFI are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in RT patients. Triple immunosuppression, broad spectrum antibiotics for ≥ two weeks, diabetes and superadded infection are added risks for these patients. Prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate management are necessary to improve their prognosis.
28085530	0	26	Invasive fungal infections	T047	C1262313
28085530	30	46	renal transplant	T061	C0022671
28085530	47	55	patients	T101	C0030705
28085530	59	78	single center study	T062	C0242481
28085530	86	95	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28085530	99	125	invasive fungal infections	T047	C1262313
28085530	127	130	IFI	T047	C1262313
28085530	135	151	renal transplant	T061	C0022671
28085530	153	155	RT	T061	C0022671
28085530	157	165	patients	T101	C0030705
28085530	169	186	immunosuppression	T061	C0021079
28085530	207	219	jeopardizing	T184	C2128832
28085530	226	230	life	T078	C0376558
28085530	235	240	graft	T024	C0332835
28085530	254	257	IFI	T047	C1262313
28085530	268	291	causative fungal agents	T033	C0449411
28085530	301	303	RT	T061	C0022671
28085530	304	312	patients	T101	C0030705
28085530	325	338	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28085530	346	360	clinical study	T062	C0008972
28085530	399	401	RT	T061	C0022671
28085530	402	410	patients	T101	C0030705
28085530	412	425	Clinical data	T170	C1516606
28085530	435	442	patient	T101	C0030705
28085530	445	450	donor	T098	C0040288
28085530	451	463	demographics	T090	C0011298
28085530	482	491	infection	T046	C3714514
28085530	493	505	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28085530	510	524	graft function	T046	C0877382
28085530	537	553	serum creatinine	T059	C0201976
28085530	555	558	SCr	T059	C0201976
28085530	573	576	IFI	T047	C1262313
28085530	590	612	bronchoalveolar lavage	T061	C1535502
28085530	614	617	BAL	T061	C1535502
28085530	620	625	blood	T031	C0005767
28085530	627	633	tissue	T024	C0040300
28085530	639	657	wound swab samples	T031	C0438733
28085530	674	693	mycological methods	T059	C0085127
28085530	695	698	IFI	T047	C1262313
28085530	704	713	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28085530	728	736	patients	T101	C0030705
28085530	740	764	triple immunosuppression	T061	C0021079
28085530	773	778	males	T032	C0086582
28085530	793	801	mean age	T033	C1834001
28085530	854	856	RT	T061	C0022671
28085530	858	877	Aspergillus species	T004	C0004034
28085530	899	902	BAL	T061	C1535502
28085530	908	914	tissue	T024	C0040300
28085530	924	938	wound specimen	T031	C0438733
28085530	966	971	fatal	T080	C1302234
28085530	990	995	graft	T024	C0332835
28085530	1002	1018	Candida albicans	T004	C0006837
28085530	1031	1034	BAL	T061	C1535502
28085530	1041	1046	blood	T031	C0005767
28085530	1052	1062	wound swab	T031	C0438733
28085530	1072	1088	tissue specimens	T024	C1292533
28085530	1108	1113	fatal	T080	C1302234
28085530	1126	1131	graft	T024	C0332835
28085530	1145	1150	mucor	T004	C0026716
28085530	1154	1157	BAL	T061	C1535502
28085530	1168	1173	fatal	T080	C1302234
28085530	1181	1189	patients	T101	C0030705
28085530	1195	1203	diabetic	T033	C0241863
28085530	1223	1248	cytomegalovirus infection	T047	C0010823
28085530	1262	1275	anti-rejected	T061	C0021079
28085530	1277	1280	IFI	T047	C1262313
28085530	1311	1320	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28085530	1325	1334	mortality	T081	C0178686
28085530	1338	1340	RT	T061	C0022671
28085530	1341	1349	patients	T101	C0030705
28085530	1351	1375	Triple immunosuppression	T061	C0021079
28085530	1377	1403	broad spectrum antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28085530	1414	1419	weeks	T079	C0439230
28085530	1421	1429	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28085530	1434	1454	superadded infection	T047	C0038826
28085530	1465	1470	risks	T078	C0035647
28085530	1481	1489	patients	T101	C0030705
28085530	1509	1518	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28085530	1578	1587	prognosis	T058	C0033325

28085760|t|OUTER RETINAL TUBULATIONS IN CHRONIC RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
28085760|a|To present the first reported case of outer retinal tubulations in the setting of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Case report. A 56-year- old man presented with a right eye retinal detachment of unclear duration. On examination, he was found to have a chronic - appearing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment involving the peripheral macula with a demarcation line. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed outer retinal tubulations in the area of demarcation but not in the area of the detached retina. Outer retinal tubulations have been described in a wide spectrum of retinal diseases. The authors herein present the first reported case of outer retinal tubulations in the setting of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment which may further aid in describing their pathogenesis.
28085760	0	25	OUTER RETINAL TUBULATIONS	T023	C0229210
28085760	29	36	CHRONIC	T079	C0205191
28085760	37	70	RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT	T047	C0271055
28085760	86	105	first reported case	T033	C0243095
28085760	109	134	outer retinal tubulations	T023	C0229210
28085760	155	188	rhegmatogenous retinal detachment	T047	C0271055
28085760	190	201	Case report	T170	C0085973
28085760	214	221	old man	T032	C0086582
28085760	239	267	right eye retinal detachment	T047	C2218504
28085760	271	278	unclear	T033	C3845108
28085760	279	287	duration	T079	C0449238
28085760	292	303	examination	T058	C0582103
28085760	328	335	chronic	T079	C0205191
28085760	338	347	appearing	T080	C0700364
28085760	348	381	rhegmatogenous retinal detachment	T047	C0271055
28085760	396	413	peripheral macula	T023	C0450295
28085760	421	437	demarcation line	T082	C0205284
28085760	439	483	Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography	T074	C3876157
28085760	493	518	outer retinal tubulations	T023	C0229210
28085760	526	545	area of demarcation	T082	C1254362
28085760	561	565	area	T082	C0205146
28085760	573	588	detached retina	T047	C2218504
28085760	590	615	Outer retinal tubulations	T023	C0229210
28085760	658	674	retinal diseases	T047	C0035309
28085760	707	726	first reported case	T033	C0243095
28085760	730	755	outer retinal tubulations	T023	C0229210
28085760	776	809	rhegmatogenous retinal detachment	T047	C0271055
28085760	852	864	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748

28086772|t|Scutellaria barbata D. Don extract inhibits the tumor growth through down-regulating of Treg cells and manipulating Th1 / Th17 immune response in hepatoma H22 -bearing mice
28086772|a|Previous studies showed Scutellaria barbata D. Don extract (SBE) is a potent inhibitor in hepatoma and could improve immune function of hepatoma H22 -bearing mice. However, the immunomodulatory function of SBE on the tumor growth of hepatoma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of SBE on hepatoma H22 -bearing mice and explore the underlying immunomodulatory function. The hepatoma H22 -bearing mice were treated by SBE for 30 days. The effect of SBE on the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro, the growth of transplanted tumor, the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells in spleen, the amount of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells and Th17 cells in tumor tissue, and the levels of IL-10, TGF-β, IL-17A, IL-2, and IFN-γ in serum of the hepatoma H22 -bearing mice was observered. IL-17A was injected to the SBE treated mice from day 9 post H22 inoculation to examine its effect on tumor growth. SBE treatment inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro with a dose-dependent manner and significantly suppressed the tumor growth of hepatoma H22 -bearing mice. Meanwhile, it increased NK cells' cytotoxicity in spleen, down-regulated the amount of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells and Th17 cells in tumor tissue, and decreased IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-17A levels (P < 0.01) whereas increased IL-2 and IFN-γ levels (P < 0.01) in the serum of hepatoma H22 -bearing mice. Moreover, administration of recombinant mouse IL-17A reversed the anti-tumor effects of SBE. SBE could inhibit the proliferation of HepG2 cells in vitro. Meanwhile, SBE also could inhibit the growth of H22 implanted tumor in hepatoma H22 -bearing mice, and this function might be associated with immunomodulatory activity through down-regulating of Treg cells and manipulating Th1 / Th17 immune response.
28086772	0	34	Scutellaria barbata D. Don extract	T123	C1999758
28086772	35	43	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28086772	48	60	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28086772	69	84	down-regulating	T044	C0013081
28086772	88	98	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28086772	103	115	manipulating	T040	C2584326
28086772	116	119	Th1	T043	C1155080
28086772	122	142	Th17 immune response	T040	C3156592
28086772	146	158	hepatoma H22	T025	C0677626
28086772	168	172	mice	T015	C0025929
28086772	197	231	Scutellaria barbata D. Don extract	T123	C1999758
28086772	233	236	SBE	T123	C1999758
28086772	250	259	inhibitor	T121,T123	C0018282
28086772	263	271	hepatoma	T191	C0023903
28086772	290	305	immune function	T042	C1817756
28086772	309	321	hepatoma H22	T025	C0677626
28086772	331	335	mice	T015	C0025929
28086772	350	375	immunomodulatory function	T044	C1148560
28086772	379	382	SBE	T123	C1999758
28086772	390	402	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28086772	406	414	hepatoma	T191	C0023903
28086772	423	430	unclear	T033	C3845108
28086772	437	442	study	T062	C2603343
28086772	452	463	investigate	T169	C1292732
28086772	468	478	anti-tumor	T080	C2986475
28086772	479	486	effects	T080	C1280500
28086772	490	493	SBE	T123	C1999758
28086772	497	509	hepatoma H22	T025	C0677626
28086772	519	523	mice	T015	C0025929
28086772	551	576	immunomodulatory function	T044	C1148560
28086772	582	594	hepatoma H22	T025	C0677626
28086772	604	608	mice	T015	C0025929
28086772	614	621	treated	T169	C1522326
28086772	625	628	SBE	T123	C1999758
28086772	636	640	days	T079	C0439228
28086772	646	655	effect of	T080	C1704420
28086772	656	659	SBE	T123	C1999758
28086772	667	680	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28086772	684	695	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
28086772	696	704	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28086772	710	738	growth of transplanted tumor	T191	C0598934
28086772	744	785	cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells	T043	C1159807
28086772	789	795	spleen	T023	C0037993
28086772	801	807	amount	T081	C1265611
28086772	811	843	CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells	T121	C3830403
28086772	848	858	Th17 cells	T025	C2936411
28086772	862	874	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
28086772	884	890	levels	T080	C0441889
28086772	894	899	IL-10	T116,T129	C3179724
28086772	901	906	TGF-β	T116,T129,T192	C0076930
28086772	908	914	IL-17A	T116,T192	C1705947
28086772	916	920	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
28086772	926	931	IFN-γ	T116,T192	C0211279
28086772	935	940	serum	T031	C0229671
28086772	948	960	hepatoma H22	T025	C0677626
28086772	970	974	mice	T015	C0025929
28086772	991	997	IL-17A	T116,T192	C1705947
28086772	1002	1010	injected	T169	C0449894
28086772	1018	1021	SBE	T123	C1999758
28086772	1022	1029	treated	T169	C1522326
28086772	1030	1034	mice	T015	C0025929
28086772	1040	1043	day	T079	C0439228
28086772	1046	1050	post	T079	C0687676
28086772	1051	1054	H22	T025	C0677626
28086772	1055	1066	inoculation	T061	C2987620
28086772	1082	1088	effect	T080	C1280500
28086772	1092	1104	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28086772	1106	1109	SBE	T123	C1999758
28086772	1110	1119	treatment	T169	C1522326
28086772	1120	1129	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28086772	1134	1147	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28086772	1151	1162	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
28086772	1163	1171	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28086772	1179	1200	dose-dependent manner	T169	C0205245
28086772	1219	1229	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28086772	1234	1246	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28086772	1250	1262	hepatoma H22	T025	C0677626
28086772	1272	1276	mice	T015	C0025929
28086772	1292	1301	increased	T081	C0205217
28086772	1302	1324	NK cells' cytotoxicity	T043	C1159807
28086772	1328	1334	spleen	T023	C0037993
28086772	1336	1350	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
28086772	1355	1361	amount	T081	C1265611
28086772	1365	1397	CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Treg cells	T121	C3830403
28086772	1402	1412	Th17 cells	T025	C2936411
28086772	1416	1428	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
28086772	1434	1443	decreased	T081	C0205216
28086772	1444	1449	IL-10	T116,T129	C3179724
28086772	1451	1456	TGF-β	T116,T129,T192	C0076930
28086772	1462	1468	IL-17A	T116,T192	C1705947
28086772	1469	1475	levels	T080	C0441889
28086772	1495	1504	increased	T081	C0205217
28086772	1505	1509	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
28086772	1514	1519	IFN-γ	T116,T192	C0211279
28086772	1520	1526	levels	T080	C0441889
28086772	1545	1550	serum	T031	C0229671
28086772	1554	1566	hepatoma H22	T025	C0677626
28086772	1576	1580	mice	T015	C0025929
28086772	1592	1606	administration	T081	C0001555
28086772	1610	1627	recombinant mouse	T015	C0025929
28086772	1628	1634	IL-17A	T116,T192	C1705947
28086772	1635	1643	reversed	T169	C1555029
28086772	1648	1658	anti-tumor	T080	C2986475
28086772	1659	1666	effects	T080	C1280500
28086772	1670	1673	SBE	T123	C1999758
28086772	1675	1678	SBE	T123	C1999758
28086772	1685	1692	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28086772	1697	1710	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28086772	1714	1725	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
28086772	1726	1734	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28086772	1747	1750	SBE	T123	C1999758
28086772	1762	1769	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28086772	1774	1780	growth	T043	C0007595
28086772	1784	1787	H22	T025	C0677626
28086772	1788	1803	implanted tumor	T191	C0027651
28086772	1807	1819	hepatoma H22	T025	C0677626
28086772	1829	1833	mice	T015	C0025929
28086772	1844	1852	function	T169	C0542341
28086772	1862	1877	associated with	T080	C0332281
28086772	1878	1903	immunomodulatory activity	T044	C1148560
28086772	1912	1927	down-regulating	T044	C0013081
28086772	1931	1941	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28086772	1946	1958	manipulating	T040	C2584326
28086772	1959	1962	Th1	T043	C1155080
28086772	1965	1985	Th17 immune response	T040	C3156592

28086838|t|Clinical characteristics of genital chlamydia infection in pelvic inflammatory disease
28086838|a|Chlamydia infection in acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is associated with serious complications including ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome and tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). This study compared clinical and laboratory data between PID with and without chlamydia infection. The medical records of 497 women who were admitted with PID between 2002 and 2011 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups (PID with and without chlamydia infection), which were compared in terms of the patients' characteristics, clinical presentation, and laboratory findings, including inflammatory markers. The chlamydia and non-chlamydia groups comprised 175 and 322 women, respectively. The patients in the chlamydia group were younger and had a higher rate of TOA, a longer mean hospital stay, and had undergone more surgeries than the patients in the non- chlamydia group. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and CA-125 level were higher in the chlamydia group than in the non-chlamydia group, but there was no significant difference in the white blood cell count between the two groups. The CA-125 level was the strongest predictor of chlamydia infection, followed by the ESR and CRP level. The area under the receiving operating curve for CA-125, ESR, and CRP was 0.804, 0.755, and 0.663, respectively. Chlamydia infection in acute PID is associated with increased level of inflammatory markers, such as CA-125, ESR and CRP, incidence of TOA, operation risk, and longer hospitalization.
28086838	0	24	Clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
28086838	28	55	genital chlamydia infection	T047	C0847922
28086838	59	86	pelvic inflammatory disease	T047	C0242172
28086838	87	106	Chlamydia infection	T047	C0008149
28086838	110	143	acute pelvic inflammatory disease	T047	C0149959
28086838	145	148	PID	T047	C0242172
28086838	177	190	complications	T046	C0009566
28086838	201	218	ectopic pregnancy	T046	C0032987
28086838	220	237	tubal infertility	T047	C0156415
28086838	239	264	Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome	T047	C0549148
28086838	269	289	tubo-ovarian abscess	T047	C0041343
28086838	291	294	TOA	T047	C0041343
28086838	302	307	study	T062	C2603343
28086838	317	325	clinical	T170	C1516606
28086838	330	345	laboratory data	T170	C1517709
28086838	354	357	PID	T047	C0242172
28086838	375	394	chlamydia infection	T047	C0008149
28086838	400	415	medical records	T170	C0025102
28086838	423	428	women	T098	C0043210
28086838	452	455	PID	T047	C0242172
28086838	497	505	patients	T101	C0030705
28086838	528	534	groups	T098	C1257890
28086838	536	539	PID	T047	C0242172
28086838	557	576	chlamydia infection	T047	C0008149
28086838	615	640	patients' characteristics	T201	C0815172
28086838	642	663	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
28086838	669	688	laboratory findings	T034	C0587081
28086838	700	712	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28086838	713	720	markers	T201	C0005516
28086838	726	735	chlamydia	T098	C1257890
28086838	740	760	non-chlamydia groups	T098	C1257890
28086838	783	788	women	T098	C0043210
28086838	808	816	patients	T101	C0030705
28086838	824	839	chlamydia group	T098	C1257890
28086838	845	852	younger	T079	C0332239
28086838	878	881	TOA	T047	C0041343
28086838	892	896	mean	T081	C0444504
28086838	897	910	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28086838	935	944	surgeries	T061	C0543467
28086838	954	962	patients	T101	C0030705
28086838	970	990	non- chlamydia group	T098	C1257890
28086838	996	1026	erythrocyte sedimentation rate	T034	C1619634
28086838	1028	1031	ESR	T034	C1619634
28086838	1034	1052	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
28086838	1054	1057	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28086838	1064	1070	CA-125	T109,T129	C0006610
28086838	1071	1076	level	T080	C0441889
28086838	1096	1111	chlamydia group	T098	C1257890
28086838	1124	1143	non-chlamydia group	T098	C1257890
28086838	1162	1173	significant	T078	C0750502
28086838	1192	1214	white blood cell count	T033	C2186576
28086838	1231	1237	groups	T098	C1257890
28086838	1243	1249	CA-125	T109,T129	C0006610
28086838	1250	1255	level	T080	C0441889
28086838	1274	1283	predictor	T078	C2698872
28086838	1287	1306	chlamydia infection	T047	C0008149
28086838	1324	1327	ESR	T034	C1619634
28086838	1332	1335	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28086838	1336	1341	level	T080	C0441889
28086838	1347	1351	area	T082	C0205146
28086838	1362	1387	receiving operating curve	T081	C0035787
28086838	1392	1398	CA-125	T109,T129	C0006610
28086838	1400	1403	ESR	T034	C1619634
28086838	1409	1412	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28086838	1456	1475	Chlamydia infection	T047	C0008149
28086838	1479	1488	acute PID	T047	C0149959
28086838	1518	1523	level	T080	C0441889
28086838	1527	1539	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28086838	1540	1547	markers	T201	C0005516
28086838	1557	1563	CA-125	T109,T129	C0006610
28086838	1565	1568	ESR	T034	C1619634
28086838	1573	1576	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28086838	1591	1594	TOA	T047	C0041343
28086838	1596	1605	operation	T061	C0543467
28086838	1606	1610	risk	T078	C0035647
28086838	1623	1638	hospitalization	T058	C0019993

28086982|t|Reproductive factors and the risk of triple-negative breast cancer in white women and African-American women: a pooled analysis
28086982|a|Early age at menarche, nulliparity, late age at first completed pregnancy, and never having breastfed, are established breast cancer risk factors. However, among breast cancer subtypes, it remains unclear whether all of these are risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We evaluated the associations of these reproductive factors with TNBC, in 2658 patients with breast cancer (including 554 with TNBC) and 2448 controls aged 20-64 years, who participated in one of the three population-based case-control studies: the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, the Women's Breast Carcinoma in situ Study, or the Women's Learning the Influence of Family and Environment Study. We used multivariable polychotomous unconditional logistic regression methods to conduct case-control comparisons among breast cancer subtypes defined by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 expression status. TNBC risk decreased with increasing duration of breastfeeding (P trend = 0.006), but age at menarche, age at first completed pregnancy, and nulliparity were not associated with risk of TNBC. Parous women who breastfed for at least one year had a 31% lower risk of TNBC than parous women who had never breastfed (odds ratio, OR = 0.69; 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.50-0.96). The association between breastfeeding and risk of TNBC was modified by age and race. Parous African-American women aged 20-44 years who breastfed for 6 months or longer had an 82% lower risk of TNBC than their counterparts who had never breastfed (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.07-0.46). Our data indicate that breastfeeding decreases the risk of TNBC, especially for younger African-American women.
28086982	0	20	Reproductive factors	T033	C0206076
28086982	29	33	risk	T078	C0035647
28086982	37	66	triple-negative breast cancer	T191	C3539878
28086982	70	81	white women	T098	C0043210
28086982	86	102	African-American	T098	C0085756
28086982	103	108	women	T098	C0043210
28086982	112	127	pooled analysis	T062	C0936012
28086982	128	133	Early	T079	C1279919
28086982	134	137	age	T032	C0001779
28086982	141	149	menarche	T040	C0025274
28086982	151	162	nulliparity	T040	C0028641
28086982	164	168	late	T079	C0205087
28086982	169	172	age	T032	C0001779
28086982	182	191	completed	T080	C0205197
28086982	192	201	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28086982	220	229	breastfed	T040	C0006147
28086982	247	260	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28086982	261	273	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28086982	290	303	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28086982	304	312	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28086982	358	370	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28086982	375	404	triple-negative breast cancer	T191	C3539878
28086982	406	410	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28086982	430	442	associations	T080	C0332281
28086982	452	472	reproductive factors	T033	C0206076
28086982	478	482	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28086982	492	500	patients	T101	C0030705
28086982	506	519	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28086982	540	544	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28086982	555	563	controls	T096	C0009932
28086982	564	568	aged	T032	C0001779
28086982	575	580	years	T079	C0439234
28086982	586	598	participated	T169	C0679823
28086982	619	635	population-based	T062	C1709599
28086982	636	656	case-control studies	T062	C0007328
28086982	662	718	Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study	T062	C0008972
28086982	724	762	Women's Breast Carcinoma in situ Study	T062	C0008972
28086982	771	833	Women's Learning the Influence of Family and Environment Study	T062	C0008972
28086982	843	912	multivariable polychotomous unconditional logistic regression methods	UnknownType	C0681925
28086982	924	936	case-control	T062	C0007328
28086982	937	948	comparisons	T052	C1707455
28086982	955	968	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28086982	969	977	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28086982	989	1006	estrogen receptor	T116,T192	C0034804
28086982	1008	1029	progesterone receptor	T116,T192	C0034833
28086982	1035	1075	human epidermal growth factor receptor-2	T116,T126,T192	C1702024
28086982	1076	1086	expression	T045	C0597360
28086982	1087	1093	status	T080	C0449438
28086982	1095	1099	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28086982	1100	1104	risk	T078	C0035647
28086982	1105	1114	decreased	T081	C0205216
28086982	1120	1130	increasing	T169	C0442805
28086982	1131	1139	duration	T079	C0449238
28086982	1143	1156	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28086982	1180	1183	age	T032	C0001779
28086982	1187	1195	menarche	T040	C0025274
28086982	1197	1200	age	T032	C0001779
28086982	1210	1219	completed	T080	C0205197
28086982	1220	1229	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28086982	1235	1246	nulliparity	T040	C0028641
28086982	1256	1271	associated with	T080	C0332281
28086982	1272	1276	risk	T078	C0035647
28086982	1280	1284	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28086982	1286	1298	Parous women	T098	C0043210
28086982	1303	1312	breastfed	T040	C0006147
28086982	1330	1334	year	T079	C0439234
28086982	1345	1350	lower	T052	C2003888
28086982	1351	1355	risk	T078	C0035647
28086982	1359	1363	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28086982	1369	1381	parous women	T098	C0043210
28086982	1396	1405	breastfed	T040	C0006147
28086982	1407	1417	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28086982	1419	1421	OR	T081	C0028873
28086982	1434	1453	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28086982	1455	1457	CI	T081	C0009667
28086982	1476	1487	association	T080	C0332281
28086982	1496	1509	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28086982	1514	1518	risk	T078	C0035647
28086982	1522	1526	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28086982	1531	1539	modified	T169	C0392747
28086982	1543	1546	age	T032	C0001779
28086982	1551	1555	race	T098	C0034510
28086982	1557	1563	Parous	T098	C0043210
28086982	1564	1580	African-American	T098	C0085756
28086982	1581	1586	women	T098	C0043210
28086982	1587	1591	aged	T032	C0001779
28086982	1598	1603	years	T079	C0439234
28086982	1608	1617	breastfed	T040	C0006147
28086982	1624	1630	months	T079	C0439231
28086982	1652	1657	lower	T052	C2003888
28086982	1658	1662	risk	T078	C0035647
28086982	1666	1670	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28086982	1709	1718	breastfed	T040	C0006147
28086982	1720	1722	OR	T081	C0028873
28086982	1735	1737	CI	T081	C0009667
28086982	1756	1760	data	T078	C1511726
28086982	1775	1788	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28086982	1789	1798	decreases	T081	C0547047
28086982	1803	1807	risk	T078	C0035647
28086982	1811	1815	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28086982	1832	1839	younger	T079	C0332239
28086982	1840	1856	African-American	T098	C0085756
28086982	1857	1862	women	T098	C0043210

28087071|t|Development of delineation for the left anterior descending coronary artery region in left breast cancer radiotherapy: An optimized organ at risk
28087071|a|The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and diagonal branches (DBs) are blurred on computed tomography (CT). We aimed to define the LAD region (LADR) with adequate inclusion of the LAD and DBs and contouring consistency. The LADR was defined using coronary CT angiograms. The inclusion ratio was used to assess the LAD and DBs inclusion by the LADR. Four radiation oncologists delineated the LAD and LADR, using contrast-enhanced CT of 15 patients undergoing left breast radiotherapy. The Sørensen-Dice similarity index (DSI), Jaccard similarity index (JSI), and Hausdorff distance (HD) were calculated to assess similarity. The mean dose (Dmean) and maximum dose (Dmax) to the LAD and LADR were calculated to compare consistency. Correlations were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient. The inclusion ratio of the LAD by the LADR was 96%. The mean DSI, JSI, and HD values were respectively 27.9%, 16.7%, and 0.42mm for the LAD, and 83.1%, 73.0%, and 0.18mm for the LADR. The Dmean between the LAD and LADR were strongly correlated (r=0.93). Delineation of the LADR significantly improved contouring similarity and consistency for dose reporting. This could optimize dose estimation for breast radiotherapy.
28087071	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
28087071	15	26	delineation	T058	C1254363
28087071	35	82	left anterior descending coronary artery region	T023	C0226032
28087071	86	104	left breast cancer	T191	C4042788
28087071	105	117	radiotherapy	T091	C0243005
28087071	132	137	organ	T023	C0178784
28087071	138	145	at risk	T080	C1444641
28087071	150	190	left anterior descending coronary artery	T023	C0226032
28087071	192	195	LAD	T023	C0226032
28087071	201	218	diagonal branches	T023	C0507777
28087071	220	223	DBs	T023	C0507777
28087071	229	236	blurred	T080	C1511231
28087071	240	259	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28087071	261	263	CT	T060	C0040405
28087071	289	299	LAD region	T023	C0226032
28087071	301	305	LADR	T023	C0226032
28087071	321	330	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28087071	338	341	LAD	T023	C0226032
28087071	346	349	DBs	T023	C0507777
28087071	365	376	consistency	T080	C0332529
28087071	382	386	LADR	T023	C0226032
28087071	405	413	coronary	T023	C0018787
28087071	414	427	CT angiograms	T060	C1536105
28087071	433	448	inclusion ratio	T081	C0456603
28087071	472	475	LAD	T023	C0226032
28087071	480	483	DBs	T023	C0507777
28087071	484	493	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28087071	501	505	LADR	T023	C0226032
28087071	512	533	radiation oncologists	T097	C1514693
28087071	534	544	delineated	T058	C1254363
28087071	549	552	LAD	T023	C0226032
28087071	557	561	LADR	T023	C0226032
28087071	569	589	contrast-enhanced CT	T060	C0040405
28087071	596	604	patients	T101	C0030705
28087071	616	627	left breast	T023	C0222601
28087071	628	640	radiotherapy	T091	C0243005
28087071	646	676	Sørensen-Dice similarity index	T081	C0392762
28087071	678	681	DSI	T081	C0392762
28087071	684	708	Jaccard similarity index	T081	C0392762
28087071	710	713	JSI	T081	C0392762
28087071	720	738	Hausdorff distance	T081	C0392762
28087071	740	742	HD	T081	C0392762
28087071	786	795	mean dose	T081	C0392762
28087071	797	802	Dmean	T081	C0392762
28087071	808	820	maximum dose	T081	C0392762
28087071	822	826	Dmax	T081	C0392762
28087071	835	838	LAD	T023	C0226032
28087071	843	847	LADR	T023	C0226032
28087071	875	886	consistency	T080	C0332529
28087071	888	900	Correlations	T081	C0010100
28087071	922	955	Pearson's correlation coefficient	T081	C0871052
28087071	961	976	inclusion ratio	T081	C0456603
28087071	984	987	LAD	T023	C0226032
28087071	995	999	LADR	T023	C0226032
28087071	1018	1021	DSI	T081	C0392762
28087071	1023	1026	JSI	T081	C0392762
28087071	1032	1034	HD	T081	C0392762
28087071	1093	1096	LAD	T023	C0226032
28087071	1135	1139	LADR	T023	C0226032
28087071	1145	1150	Dmean	T081	C0392762
28087071	1163	1166	LAD	T023	C0226032
28087071	1171	1175	LADR	T023	C0226032
28087071	1190	1200	correlated	T081	C0010100
28087071	1211	1222	Delineation	T058	C1254363
28087071	1230	1234	LADR	T023	C0226032
28087071	1269	1279	similarity	T080	C2348205
28087071	1284	1295	consistency	T080	C0332529
28087071	1300	1304	dose	T081	C0178602
28087071	1327	1335	optimize	T052	C2698650
28087071	1336	1340	dose	T081	C0178602
28087071	1341	1351	estimation	T081	C0750572
28087071	1356	1362	breast	T023	C0006141
28087071	1363	1375	radiotherapy	T091	C0243005

28087131|t|Incidence and effect of variant histology on oncological outcomes in patients with bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy
28087131|a|We sought to describe incidence of histological variants after radical cystectomy (RC) due to bladder cancer (BCa). Moreover, we investigated survival outcomes accounting for this parameter. We retrospectively evaluated data from 1,067 patients with BCa treated with RC between 1990 and 2013 at a single tertiary care referral center. All specimen were evaluated by dedicated uropathologists. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses tested the effect of different histopathological variant on recurrence, cancer-specific mortality (CSM), and overall mortality (OM) after accounting for all available confounders. Of 1,067 patients, 729 (68.3%) harbored pure urothelial BCa while 338 (31.7%) were found to have a variant. Considering uncommon variants, 21 (2.0%) were sarcomatoid, 10 (0.9%) lymphoepitelial, 19 (1.8%) small cell, 109 (10.2%) squamous, 89 (8.3%) micropapillary, 23 (2.2%) glandular, 34 (3.2%) mixed variants, and 33 (3.1%) were found with other types of variants. With a median follow-up of 6.2 years, 343 recurrence, 365 CSM, and 451 OM were recorded, respectively. At multivariable Cox regression analyses, the presence of small cell variant was associated with higher recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.47, P<0.001), CSM (HR = 3.30, P<0.04), and OM (HR = 2.97, P<0.003) as compared with pure urothelial cancer. Conversely, no survival differences were recorded considering other histological variants (all P> 0.1). Our study confirms that histological variant is not an infrequent event at RC specimen. However, in our single-center series, only patients found with small cell variant were associated with a negative effect on survival after RC.
28087131	0	9	Incidence	T081	C0021149
28087131	14	23	effect of	T080	C1704420
28087131	24	31	variant	T080	C0205419
28087131	32	41	histology	T091	C0019638
28087131	45	65	oncological outcomes	T080	C0085415
28087131	69	77	patients	T101	C0030705
28087131	83	97	bladder cancer	T191	C0005684
28087131	98	105	treated	T169	C1522326
28087131	111	129	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28087131	152	161	incidence	T081	C0021149
28087131	165	177	histological	T169	C0205462
28087131	178	186	variants	T080	C0205419
28087131	193	211	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28087131	213	215	RC	T061	C0194401
28087131	224	238	bladder cancer	T191	C0005684
28087131	240	243	BCa	T191	C0005684
28087131	272	280	survival	T169	C0220921
28087131	281	289	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28087131	324	339	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28087131	340	349	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28087131	350	354	data	T078	C1511726
28087131	366	374	patients	T101	C0030705
28087131	380	383	BCa	T191	C0005684
28087131	384	391	treated	T169	C1522326
28087131	397	399	RC	T061	C0194401
28087131	427	463	single tertiary care referral center	T073,T093	C0587437
28087131	469	477	specimen	T167	C0370003
28087131	483	492	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28087131	506	521	uropathologists	T097	C1522486
28087131	523	576	Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses	T170	C0034980
28087131	588	597	effect of	T080	C1704420
28087131	608	625	histopathological	T169	C0243140
28087131	626	633	variant	T080	C0205419
28087131	637	647	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28087131	649	674	cancer-specific mortality	T081	C1516192
28087131	676	679	CSM	T081	C1516192
28087131	686	703	overall mortality	T081	C0205848
28087131	705	707	OM	T081	C0205848
28087131	744	755	confounders	T169	C0009673
28087131	766	774	patients	T101	C0030705
28087131	797	816	pure urothelial BCa	T191	C0751571
28087131	856	863	variant	T080	C0205419
28087131	886	894	variants	T080	C0205419
28087131	911	922	sarcomatoid	T191	C0205697
28087131	934	949	lymphoepitelial	T191	C0334254
28087131	961	971	small cell	T191	C0262584
28087131	985	993	squamous	T191	C0007137
28087131	1005	1019	micropapillary	T191	C3472608
28087131	1031	1040	glandular	T191	C0205854
28087131	1058	1066	variants	T080	C0205419
28087131	1113	1121	variants	T080	C0205419
28087131	1130	1136	median	T081	C0876920
28087131	1137	1146	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28087131	1154	1159	years	T079	C0439234
28087131	1165	1175	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28087131	1181	1184	CSM	T081	C1516192
28087131	1194	1196	OM	T081	C0205848
28087131	1229	1266	multivariable Cox regression analyses	T170	C0034980
28087131	1284	1302	small cell variant	T191	C0262584
28087131	1307	1322	associated with	T080	C0332281
28087131	1330	1340	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28087131	1342	1354	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28087131	1356	1358	HR	T081	C2985465
28087131	1378	1381	CSM	T081	C1516192
28087131	1383	1385	HR	T081	C2985465
28087131	1407	1409	OM	T081	C0205848
28087131	1411	1413	HR	T081	C2985465
28087131	1453	1470	urothelial cancer	T191	C0751571
28087131	1484	1507	no survival differences	T033	C3842396
28087131	1540	1552	histological	T169	C0205462
28087131	1553	1561	variants	T080	C0205419
28087131	1580	1585	study	T077	C1706256
28087131	1600	1612	histological	T169	C0205462
28087131	1613	1620	variant	T080	C0205419
28087131	1651	1653	RC	T061	C0194401
28087131	1654	1662	specimen	T167	C0370003
28087131	1680	1700	single-center series	T093	C1708333
28087131	1707	1715	patients	T101	C0030705
28087131	1727	1745	small cell variant	T191	C0262584
28087131	1751	1766	associated with	T080	C0332281
28087131	1769	1777	negative	T033	C0205160
28087131	1778	1784	effect	T080	C1280500
28087131	1788	1796	survival	T169	C0220921
28087131	1803	1805	RC	T061	C0194401

28087217|t|Psychometric properties of the Japanese version of short forms of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale in participants with musculoskeletal pain: A cross-sectional study
28087217|a|The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a commonly used as measure of pain catastrophizing. The scale comprises 13 items related to magnification, rumination, and helplessness. To facilitate quick screening and to reduce participant's burden, the four- item and six- item short forms of the English version of the PCS were developed. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Japanese version of the short forms of PCS using a contemporary approach called Rasch analysis. A total of 216 patients with musculoskeletal disorders were recruited in this study. Participants completed study measures, which included the pain intensity, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). Furthermore, the four- item (items 3, 6, 8, and 11) and six- item (items 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, and 13) short forms of the Japanese version of PCS were measured. We used Rasch analysis to analyze the psychometric properties of the original, four- item, and six- item short forms of PCS. Rasch analysis showed that both short forms of PCS had acceptable internal consistency, unidimensionality, and no notable DIF and were functional on the category rating scale. However, four- item short form of PCS had two misfit items. Six- item short form of PCS has acceptable psychometric properties and is suitable for use in participants with musculoskeletal pain. Thus, six- item can be used as brief instruments to evaluate pain catastrophizing.
28087217	0	12	Psychometric	T060	C0033920
28087217	13	23	properties	T080	C0871161
28087217	31	39	Japanese	T171	C0376247
28087217	40	47	version	T170	C0333052
28087217	51	62	short forms	T170	C2964478
28087217	70	96	Pain Catastrophizing Scale	T170	C4273905
28087217	100	112	participants	T098	C0679646
28087217	118	138	musculoskeletal pain	T033	C0026858
28087217	142	163	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28087217	168	194	Pain Catastrophizing Scale	T170	C4273905
28087217	196	199	PCS	T170	C4273905
28087217	223	230	measure	T081	C0079809
28087217	234	254	pain catastrophizing	T041	C3178745
28087217	260	265	scale	T170	C4273905
28087217	279	284	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	296	309	magnification	T060	C0430022
28087217	311	321	rumination	T038	C0232604
28087217	327	339	helplessness	T048	C0150063
28087217	361	370	screening	T058	C1710032
28087217	378	384	reduce	T080	C0392756
28087217	385	398	participant's	T098	C0679646
28087217	399	405	burden	T078	C2828008
28087217	417	421	item	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	431	435	item	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	436	447	short forms	T170	C2964478
28087217	455	462	English	T171	C0376245
28087217	463	470	version	T170	C0333052
28087217	478	481	PCS	T170	C4273905
28087217	525	530	study	T062	C2603343
28087217	538	546	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28087217	551	563	psychometric	T060	C0033920
28087217	564	574	properties	T080	C0871161
28087217	580	588	Japanese	T171	C0376247
28087217	589	596	version	T170	C0333052
28087217	604	615	short forms	T170	C2964478
28087217	619	622	PCS	T170	C4273905
28087217	644	652	approach	T169	C1292724
28087217	660	674	Rasch analysis	T062	C0242481
28087217	691	699	patients	T101	C0030705
28087217	705	730	musculoskeletal disorders	T047	C0026857
28087217	754	759	study	T062	C2603343
28087217	761	773	Participants	T098	C0679646
28087217	784	789	study	T062	C2603343
28087217	790	798	measures	T081	C0079809
28087217	819	833	pain intensity	T201	C1320357
28087217	839	865	Pain Catastrophizing Scale	T170	C4273905
28087217	867	870	PCS	T170	C4273905
28087217	881	909	Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia	T170	C0349674
28087217	911	914	TSK	T170	C0349674
28087217	940	944	item	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	946	951	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	978	982	item	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	984	989	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	1015	1026	short forms	T170	C2964478
28087217	1034	1042	Japanese	T171	C0376247
28087217	1043	1050	version	T170	C0333052
28087217	1054	1057	PCS	T170	C4273905
28087217	1081	1095	Rasch analysis	T062	C0242481
28087217	1099	1106	analyze	T169	C1524024
28087217	1111	1123	psychometric	T060	C0033920
28087217	1124	1134	properties	T080	C0871161
28087217	1158	1162	item	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	1173	1177	item	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	1178	1189	short forms	T170	C2964478
28087217	1193	1196	PCS	T170	C4273905
28087217	1198	1212	Rasch analysis	T062	C0242481
28087217	1230	1241	short forms	T170	C2964478
28087217	1245	1248	PCS	T170	C4273905
28087217	1273	1284	consistency	T080	C0332529
28087217	1286	1303	unidimensionality	T082	C1707753
28087217	1333	1343	functional	T169	C0205245
28087217	1351	1372	category rating scale	T170	C0349674
28087217	1389	1393	item	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	1394	1404	short form	T170	C2964478
28087217	1408	1411	PCS	T170	C4273905
28087217	1427	1432	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	1439	1443	item	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	1444	1454	short form	T170	C2964478
28087217	1458	1461	PCS	T170	C4273905
28087217	1477	1489	psychometric	T060	C0033920
28087217	1490	1500	properties	T080	C0871161
28087217	1528	1540	participants	T098	C0679646
28087217	1546	1566	musculoskeletal pain	T033	C0026858
28087217	1579	1583	item	T062,T170	C0871509
28087217	1605	1616	instruments	T074	C0348000
28087217	1620	1628	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28087217	1629	1649	pain catastrophizing	T041	C3178745

28087237|t|What Is the Real Impact of Urinary Incontinence on Female Sexual Dysfunction? A Case Control Study
28087237|a|Urinary incontinence (UI) has been associated with negative effects on women's sexuality. Women's sexuality and sexual function are a complex issue, and the role of UI is not completely clear. To assess the impact of UI on female sexual function by comparing this population with a control group of continent women. We performed a case-control study from August 2012 to September 2013. We evaluated continent and incontinent women (age range = 30-70 years) for their sexuality. All patients were evaluated by anamnesis, physical examination, and self-report quality-of-life questionnaires. In addition, incontinent women underwent a 1-hour pad test. Patients without sexual activity were evaluated for the role of UI in their sexual abstinence. Sexual abstinence was defined as the absence of sexual activity for more than 6 months. All sexually active women completed the self-report Sexuality Quotient - Female Version (SQ-F) questionnaire. A total of 356 women were included in the study (incontinent, n = 243; continent, n = 113). Sexual abstinence was found in 162 women (45%). Incontinent women presented a higher prevalence (P < .001) of sexual abstinence than their counterparts (129 [53%] and 33 [29.2%], respectively). Age, marital status, and UI were found to be isolated predictive factors for more sexual abstinence in incontinent women. Sexually active women (incontinent, n = 114; continent, n = 80) presented similar demographic data. Despite a similar frequency of sexual activity, incontinent women had less sexual desire, foreplay, harmony with a partner, sexual comfort, and sexual satisfaction than their counterparts. Women with greater urinary leakage during the 1-hour pad test (weight > 11 g) had the worst sexual function (SQ-F) score. Women with UI were more likely to be sexual abstinent than continent women. Furthermore, women with UI showed less sexual desire, sexual comfort, and sexual satisfaction than their counterparts despite having a similar frequency of sexual activity.
28087237	12	16	Real	T080	C0237400
28087237	17	23	Impact	T080	C4049986
28087237	27	47	Urinary Incontinence	T046	C0042024
28087237	51	76	Female Sexual Dysfunction	T048	C1112442
28087237	80	98	Case Control Study	T062	C0007328
28087237	99	119	Urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
28087237	121	123	UI	T046	C0042024
28087237	134	149	associated with	T080	C0332281
28087237	150	158	negative	T033	C0205160
28087237	159	166	effects	T080	C1280500
28087237	170	177	women's	T098	C0043210
28087237	178	187	sexuality	T053	C0036915
28087237	189	196	Women's	T098	C0043210
28087237	197	206	sexuality	T053	C0036915
28087237	211	226	sexual function	T040	C0278092
28087237	233	240	complex	T080	C0439855
28087237	241	246	issue	T033	C0033213
28087237	256	260	role	T077	C1705810
28087237	264	266	UI	T046	C0042024
28087237	270	284	not completely	T080	C0205257
28087237	295	301	assess	T052	C1516048
28087237	306	312	impact	T080	C4049986
28087237	316	318	UI	T046	C0042024
28087237	322	344	female sexual function	T040	C0278098
28087237	348	357	comparing	T052	C1707455
28087237	363	373	population	T098	C1257890
28087237	381	394	control group	T096	C0009932
28087237	398	407	continent	T080	C0443192
28087237	408	413	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	430	448	case-control study	T062	C0007328
28087237	488	497	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28087237	498	507	continent	T080	C0443192
28087237	512	523	incontinent	T169	C0231238
28087237	524	529	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	531	534	age	T032	C0001779
28087237	535	540	range	T081	C1514721
28087237	566	575	sexuality	T053	C0036915
28087237	581	589	patients	T101	C0030705
28087237	595	604	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28087237	608	617	anamnesis	T042	C0021055
28087237	619	639	physical examination	T058	C0031809
28087237	645	656	self-report	T062	C2700446
28087237	657	687	quality-of-life questionnaires	T170	C0451149
28087237	702	713	incontinent	T169	C0231238
28087237	714	719	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	739	747	pad test	T060	C0430973
28087237	749	757	Patients	T101	C0030705
28087237	766	781	sexual activity	T053	C0036864
28087237	787	796	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28087237	805	809	role	T077	C1705810
28087237	813	815	UI	T046	C0042024
28087237	825	842	sexual abstinence	T055	C0036899
28087237	844	861	Sexual abstinence	T055	C0036899
28087237	881	907	absence of sexual activity	T033	C3840693
28087237	936	951	sexually active	T033	C0241028
28087237	952	957	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	972	983	self-report	T062	C2700446
28087237	984	993	Sexuality	T053	C0036915
28087237	994	1002	Quotient	T081	C2347741
28087237	1005	1011	Female	T032	C0086287
28087237	1012	1019	Version	T170	C0333052
28087237	1027	1040	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28087237	1057	1062	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	1084	1089	study	T062	C2603343
28087237	1091	1102	incontinent	T169	C0231238
28087237	1113	1122	continent	T080	C0443192
28087237	1134	1151	Sexual abstinence	T055	C0036899
28087237	1169	1174	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	1182	1193	Incontinent	T169	C0231238
28087237	1194	1199	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	1212	1229	higher prevalence	T081	C1512456
28087237	1244	1261	sexual abstinence	T055	C0036899
28087237	1273	1285	counterparts	T099	C0682323
28087237	1328	1331	Age	T032	C0001779
28087237	1333	1347	marital status	T102	C0024819
28087237	1353	1355	UI	T046	C0042024
28087237	1373	1381	isolated	T169	C0205409
28087237	1382	1400	predictive factors	T170	C0683956
28087237	1410	1427	sexual abstinence	T055	C0036899
28087237	1431	1442	incontinent	T169	C0231238
28087237	1443	1448	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	1450	1465	Sexually active	T033	C0241028
28087237	1466	1471	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	1473	1484	incontinent	T169	C0231238
28087237	1495	1504	continent	T080	C0443192
28087237	1532	1543	demographic	T090	C0011298
28087237	1544	1548	data	T078	C1511726
28087237	1568	1577	frequency	T079	C0439603
28087237	1581	1596	sexual activity	T053	C0036864
28087237	1598	1609	incontinent	T169	C0231238
28087237	1610	1615	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	1625	1638	sexual desire	T048	C1409687
28087237	1640	1648	foreplay	T033	C0558138
28087237	1650	1657	harmony	T054	C0699798
28087237	1665	1672	partner	T098	C3887537
28087237	1674	1688	sexual comfort	T041	C1331418
28087237	1694	1713	sexual satisfaction	T041	C0871356
28087237	1739	1744	Women	T098	C0043210
28087237	1750	1757	greater	T081	C1704243
28087237	1758	1773	urinary leakage	T033	C3897214
28087237	1792	1800	pad test	T060	C0430973
28087237	1802	1808	weight	T081	C0043100
28087237	1831	1846	sexual function	T040	C0278092
28087237	1854	1859	score	T081	C0449820
28087237	1861	1866	Women	T098	C0043210
28087237	1872	1874	UI	T046	C0042024
28087237	1898	1914	sexual abstinent	T055	C0036899
28087237	1920	1929	continent	T080	C0443192
28087237	1930	1935	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	1950	1955	women	T098	C0043210
28087237	1961	1963	UI	T046	C0042024
28087237	1976	1989	sexual desire	T048	C1409687
28087237	1991	2005	sexual comfort	T041	C1331418
28087237	2011	2030	sexual satisfaction	T041	C0871356
28087237	2042	2054	counterparts	T099	C0682323
28087237	2080	2089	frequency	T079	C0439603
28087237	2093	2108	sexual activity	T053	C0036864

28087473|t|Salvianolic Acids for Injection (SAFI) suppresses inflammatory responses in activated microglia to attenuate brain damage in focal cerebral ischemia
28087473|a|Inflammatory reactions induced by microglia in the brain play crucial roles in ischemia / reperfusion (I/R) cerebral injuries. Microglia activation has been shown to be closely related to TLR4 / NF-κB signal pathways. Salvianolic acids for injection (SAFI) have been used in clinical practice to treat ischemic stroke with reported neuroprotective effects; however, the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. First, we studied the effect of SAFI on inflammatory responses in LPS - stimulated BV-2 microglia. Then, to discover whether the beneficial in vitro effects of SAFI lead to in vivo therapeutic effect s, an MCAO (Middle cerebral artery occlusion) rat model was further employed to elucidate the probable mechanism of SAFI in treating ischemic stroke. Rats in the SAFI group were given SAFI (23 or 46mg/kg) before I / R injury. The results showed that SAFI treatment significantly decreased neuroinflammation and the infarction volume compared with the vehicle group. Activation of microglia cells was reduced, and TLR4 / NF-κB signals, which were markedly inhibited by SAFI treatment in ischemic hemisphere, were accompanied by reduced expression and release of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. This study provides evidence that SAFI effectively protects the brain after cerebral ischemia, which may be caused by attenuating inflammation in microglia.
28087473	0	17	Salvianolic Acids	T109	C3252265
28087473	22	31	Injection	T122	C1272883
28087473	33	37	SAFI	T122	C1272883
28087473	39	49	suppresses	T169	C1260953
28087473	50	72	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
28087473	76	85	activated	T052	C1879547
28087473	86	95	microglia	T025	C0206116
28087473	99	108	attenuate	T052	C0599946
28087473	109	121	brain damage	T037	C0270611
28087473	125	148	focal cerebral ischemia	T047	C0917798
28087473	149	171	Inflammatory reactions	T046	C0021368
28087473	183	192	microglia	T025	C0206116
28087473	200	205	brain	T023	C0006104
28087473	219	224	roles	T077	C1705810
28087473	228	236	ischemia	T047	C0007786
28087473	239	274	reperfusion (I/R) cerebral injuries	T037	C3854511
28087473	276	285	Microglia	T025	C0206116
28087473	286	296	activation	T052	C1879547
28087473	337	341	TLR4	T044	C2247725
28087473	344	365	NF-κB signal pathways	T045	C1513838
28087473	367	384	Salvianolic acids	T109	C3252265
28087473	389	398	injection	T122	C1272883
28087473	400	404	SAFI	T122	C1272883
28087473	424	441	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
28087473	445	450	treat	T169	C1522326
28087473	451	466	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
28087473	472	480	reported	T058	C0700287
28087473	481	504	neuroprotective effects	T169	C0815279
28087473	530	540	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28087473	572	579	studied	T062	C2603343
28087473	584	590	effect	T080	C1280500
28087473	594	598	SAFI	T122	C1272883
28087473	602	624	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
28087473	628	631	LPS	T109	C0023810
28087473	634	644	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28087473	645	649	BV-2	T007	C4075604
28087473	650	659	microglia	T025	C0206116
28087473	670	678	discover	T052	C1880355
28087473	691	701	beneficial	T081	C0814225
28087473	702	710	in vitro	T062	C0681828
28087473	711	718	effects	T080	C1280500
28087473	722	726	SAFI	T122	C1272883
28087473	735	742	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28087473	743	761	therapeutic effect	T201	C1527144
28087473	768	772	MCAO	T020	C0740391
28087473	774	806	Middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
28087473	808	811	rat	T015	C0034721
28087473	812	817	model	T050	C0012644
28087473	830	838	employed	T033	C0557351
28087473	865	874	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28087473	878	882	SAFI	T122	C1272883
28087473	886	894	treating	T169	C1522326
28087473	895	910	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
28087473	912	916	Rats	T015	C0034721
28087473	924	928	SAFI	T122	C1272883
28087473	929	934	group	T078	C0441833
28087473	946	950	SAFI	T122	C1272883
28087473	974	975	I	T047	C0917798
28087473	978	986	R injury	T037	C3854511
28087473	992	999	results	T169	C1274040
28087473	1012	1016	SAFI	T122	C1272883
28087473	1017	1026	treatment	T169	C1522326
28087473	1027	1050	significantly decreased	T081	C4055638
28087473	1051	1068	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
28087473	1077	1087	infarction	T046	C0021308
28087473	1088	1094	volume	T081	C0449468
28087473	1113	1120	vehicle	T122	C0042444
28087473	1121	1126	group	T078	C0441833
28087473	1128	1138	Activation	T052	C1879547
28087473	1142	1157	microglia cells	T025	C0206116
28087473	1162	1169	reduced	T080	C0392756
28087473	1175	1179	TLR4	T044	C2247725
28087473	1182	1195	NF-κB signals	T045	C1513838
28087473	1217	1226	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28087473	1230	1234	SAFI	T122	C1272883
28087473	1235	1244	treatment	T169	C1522326
28087473	1248	1256	ischemic	T169	C0475224
28087473	1257	1267	hemisphere	T023	C0228174
28087473	1289	1296	reduced	T080	C0392756
28087473	1297	1307	expression	T045	C1171362
28087473	1312	1319	release	T058	C0680255
28087473	1323	1332	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28087473	1333	1338	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28087473	1343	1347	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28087473	1354	1359	study	T062	C2603343
28087473	1369	1377	evidence	T078	C3887511
28087473	1383	1387	SAFI	T122	C1272883
28087473	1388	1399	effectively	T080	C1704419
28087473	1413	1418	brain	T023	C0006104
28087473	1425	1442	cerebral ischemia	T047	C0917798
28087473	1467	1478	attenuating	T052	C0599946
28087473	1479	1491	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28087473	1495	1504	microglia	T025	C0206116

28087491|t|Dynamics of bacterial class Bacilli in the deepest valley lake of Kashmir -the Manasbal Lake
28087491|a|In recognition of the importance of bacteria as ecological indicators of the aquatic systems a comprehensive and systematic analysis was carried out on Manasbal Lake, the deepest spring fed valley lake of Kashmir. The main objective envisaged was to analyze bacterial community composition (BCC) and for this purpose systematic and regular sampling of waters from ten different sampling stations, predetermined in the Lake according to differences in degree of human interference and also as zones of special ecological interests were selected. The isolated species were identified according to Bergey's Manual specification by examining their micro and macro morphological characteristics and biochemical characteristics on different culture media. Further confirmation was done by sequencing the 16s rRNA gene by using universal bacterial primers 27F and 1429R. From all the sampling stations the class Bacilli showed a maximum relative abundance with a contribution of 16 bacterial species. The whole process resulted in the identification of Bacillus aerius, Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus ginsengisoli, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus safensis, Bacillus stratosphericus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus tequilensis, Bacillus thermocopriae, Bacillus thuringiensis, Brevibacillus agri strain, Lysinibacillus boronitolerans, Lysinibacillus pakistanensis and Lysinibacillus sphaericus.
28087491	0	8	Dynamics	T070	C3826426
28087491	12	21	bacterial	T080	C0521009
28087491	22	35	class Bacilli	T007	C1040746
28087491	43	62	deepest valley lake	T083	C0337049
28087491	66	73	Kashmir	UnknownType	C0681784
28087491	79	92	Manasbal Lake	T083	C0337049
28087491	129	137	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28087491	141	162	ecological indicators	T130	C0021212
28087491	170	185	aquatic systems	T070	C0162358
28087491	188	225	comprehensive and systematic analysis	T062	C0936012
28087491	245	258	Manasbal Lake	T083	C0337049
28087491	264	294	deepest spring fed valley lake	T083	C0337049
28087491	298	305	Kashmir	UnknownType	C0681784
28087491	343	350	analyze	T062	C0936012
28087491	351	382	bacterial community composition	T080	C2936393
28087491	384	387	BCC	T080	C2936393
28087491	410	420	systematic	T081	C1710275
28087491	425	451	regular sampling of waters	T057	C0597681
28087491	445	451	waters	T121,T197	C0043047
28087491	471	488	sampling stations	T082	C0449705
28087491	511	515	Lake	T083	C0337049
28087491	544	572	degree of human interference	T080	C0205556
28087491	585	590	zones	T082	C1710706
28087491	602	622	ecological interests	T078	C1254370
28087491	642	650	isolated	T169	C0205409
28087491	651	658	species	T185	C1705920
28087491	664	674	identified	T080	C0205396
28087491	688	717	Bergey's Manual specification	T170	C0282574
28087491	737	782	micro and macro morphological characteristics	T080	C1521970
28087491	787	814	biochemical characteristics	T080	C1521970
28087491	828	841	culture media	T130	C0010454
28087491	851	863	confirmation	T033	C0750484
28087491	876	886	sequencing	T169	C1561491
28087491	891	904	16s rRNA gene	T028	C0035899
28087491	914	941	universal bacterial primers	T114	C0073429
28087491	942	945	27F	T114	C0073429
28087491	950	955	1429R	T114	C0073429
28087491	970	987	sampling stations	T082	C0449705
28087491	992	1005	class Bacilli	T007	C1040746
28087491	1015	1022	maximum	T081	C0806909
28087491	1023	1041	relative abundance	T080	C2346714
28087491	1049	1061	contribution	T052	C1880177
28087491	1068	1085	bacterial species	T185	C1705920
28087491	1097	1104	process	T067	C1522240
28087491	1121	1135	identification	T080	C0205396
28087491	1139	1154	Bacillus aerius	T007	C2617064
28087491	1156	1176	Bacillus altitudinis	T007	C2617063
28087491	1178	1196	Bacillus anthracis	T007	C0004589
28087491	1198	1213	Bacillus cereus	T007	C0004590
28087491	1215	1236	Bacillus ginsengisoli	T007	C3717612
28087491	1238	1254	Bacillus pumilus	T007	C0314874
28087491	1256	1273	Bacillus safensis	T007	C2654376
28087491	1275	1299	Bacillus stratosphericus	T007	C2617062
28087491	1301	1318	Bacillus subtilis	T007	C0004595
28087491	1320	1340	Bacillus tequilensis	T007	C1462983
28087491	1342	1364	Bacillus thermocopriae	T007	C3721500
28087491	1366	1388	Bacillus thuringiensis	T007	C0004597
28087491	1390	1415	Brevibacillus agri strain	T007	C1015757
28087491	1417	1446	Lysinibacillus boronitolerans	T007	C1664577
28087491	1448	1476	Lysinibacillus pakistanensis	T007	C3557569
28087491	1481	1506	Lysinibacillus sphaericus	T007	C0314884

28087508|t|International Variation in Outcomes Among People with Cardiovascular Disease or Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Insights from the NAVIGATOR Trial
28087508|a|Regional differences in risk of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular outcomes in people with impaired glucose tolerance are poorly characterized. Our objective was to evaluate regional variation in risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular outcomes, and treatment effects in participants from the NAVIGATOR (Nateglinide and Valsartan in Impaired Glucose Tolerance Outcomes Research) trial. NAVIGATOR randomized people with impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular risk factors or with established cardiovascular disease to valsartan (or placebo) and to nateglinide (or placebo) with a median 5-year follow-up. Data from the 9306 participants were categorized by 5 regions: Asia (n=552); Europe (n=4909); Latin America (n=1406); North America (n=2146); and Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa (n=293). Analyzed outcomes included new-onset diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular death; a composite cardiovascular outcome of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke; and treatment effects of valsartan and nateglinide. Respective unadjusted 5-year risks for new-onset diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular death, and the composite cardiovascular outcome were 33%, 0.4%, and 4% for Asia; 34%, 2%, and 6% for Europe; 37%, 4%, and 8% for Latin America; 38%, 2%, and 6% for North America; and 32%, 4%, and 8% for Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. After adjustment, compared with North America, European participants had a lower risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.94; P=0.001), whereas Latin American participants had a higher risk of cardiovascular death (hazard ratio 2.68, 95% CI 1.82-3.96; P<0.0001) and the composite cardiovascular outcome (hazard ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.15-1.92; P=0.003). No differential interactions between treatment and geographic location were identified. Major regional differences regarding the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular outcomes in NAVIGATOR participants were identified. These differences should be taken into account when planning global trials. URL: http://www.ClinicalTrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00097786.
28087508	0	13	International	T078	C1512888
28087508	14	23	Variation	T080	C0205419
28087508	27	35	Outcomes	T062	C0086750
28087508	36	48	Among People	T033	C0517295
28087508	54	76	Cardiovascular Disease	T047	C0007222
28087508	80	107	Cardiovascular Risk Factors	T047	C0850624
28087508	112	138	Impaired Glucose Tolerance	T047	C0271650
28087508	140	148	Insights	T041	C0233820
28087508	158	173	NAVIGATOR Trial	T034	C0159069
28087508	174	194	Regional differences	T033	C0682132
28087508	198	223	risk of diabetes mellitus	T033	C0580321
28087508	228	242	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28087508	243	251	outcomes	T062	C0086750
28087508	255	261	people	T098	C0027361
28087508	267	293	impaired glucose tolerance	T047	C0271650
28087508	298	318	poorly characterized	T080	C0205617
28087508	350	358	regional	T082	C0205147
28087508	359	368	variation	T080	C0205419
28087508	372	376	risk	T078	C0035647
28087508	380	407	new-onset diabetes mellitus	UnknownType	C0743128
28087508	409	423	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28087508	424	432	outcomes	T062	C0086750
28087508	438	455	treatment effects	T033	C1518681
28087508	459	471	participants	T098	C0679646
28087508	481	490	NAVIGATOR	T034	C0159069
28087508	492	503	Nateglinide	T116,T121	C0903898
28087508	508	517	Valsartan	T109,T121	C0216784
28087508	521	547	Impaired Glucose Tolerance	T047	C0271650
28087508	548	565	Outcomes Research	T062	C0086750
28087508	567	572	trial	T034	C0159069
28087508	574	583	NAVIGATOR	T034	C0159069
28087508	584	594	randomized	T062	C0034656
28087508	595	601	people	T098	C0027361
28087508	607	633	impaired glucose tolerance	T047	C0271650
28087508	638	665	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28087508	674	685	established	T080	C0443211
28087508	686	708	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28087508	712	721	valsartan	T109,T121	C0216784
28087508	726	733	placebo	T122	C1696465
28087508	742	753	nateglinide	T116,T121	C0903898
28087508	758	765	placebo	T122	C1696465
28087508	774	780	median	T082	C2939193
28087508	788	797	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28087508	799	803	Data	T078	C1511726
28087508	818	830	participants	T098	C0679646
28087508	853	860	regions	T083	C0017446
28087508	862	866	Asia	T083	C0003980
28087508	876	882	Europe	T083	C0015176
28087508	893	906	Latin America	T083	C0023122
28087508	917	930	North America	T083	C0028405
28087508	945	954	Australia	T083	C0004340
28087508	956	967	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
28087508	973	985	South Africa	T083	C0037712
28087508	1004	1012	outcomes	T062	C0086750
28087508	1022	1049	new-onset diabetes mellitus	UnknownType	C0743128
28087508	1051	1065	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28087508	1066	1071	death	T033	C1306577
28087508	1075	1084	composite	T080	C0205199
28087508	1085	1099	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28087508	1100	1107	outcome	T062	C0086750
28087508	1111	1125	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28087508	1126	1131	death	T033	C1306577
28087508	1142	1163	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28087508	1177	1183	stroke	T047	C0038454
28087508	1189	1206	treatment effects	T033	C1518681
28087508	1210	1219	valsartan	T109,T121	C0216784
28087508	1224	1235	nateglinide	T116,T121	C0903898
28087508	1248	1258	unadjusted	T169	C1439367
28087508	1266	1271	risks	T078	C0035647
28087508	1276	1303	new-onset diabetes mellitus	UnknownType	C0743128
28087508	1305	1319	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28087508	1320	1325	death	T033	C1306577
28087508	1335	1344	composite	T080	C0205199
28087508	1345	1359	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28087508	1360	1367	outcome	T062	C0086750
28087508	1395	1399	Asia	T083	C0003980
28087508	1421	1427	Europe	T083	C0015176
28087508	1449	1462	Latin America	T083	C0023122
28087508	1484	1497	North America	T083	C0028405
28087508	1523	1532	Australia	T083	C0004340
28087508	1534	1545	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
28087508	1551	1563	South Africa	T083	C0037712
28087508	1597	1610	North America	T083	C0028405
28087508	1612	1620	European	T098	C0239307
28087508	1621	1633	participants	T098	C0679646
28087508	1640	1650	lower risk	T081	C3538919
28087508	1654	1681	new-onset diabetes mellitus	UnknownType	C0743128
28087508	1683	1695	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28087508	1706	1708	CI	T081	C0009667
28087508	1738	1752	Latin American	T098	C1553378
28087508	1753	1765	participants	T098	C0679646
28087508	1779	1783	risk	T078	C0035647
28087508	1787	1801	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28087508	1802	1807	death	T033	C1306577
28087508	1809	1821	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28087508	1832	1834	CI	T081	C0009667
28087508	1874	1888	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28087508	1889	1896	outcome	T062	C0086750
28087508	1898	1910	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28087508	1921	1923	CI	T081	C0009667
28087508	1945	1960	No differential	T033	C3842396
28087508	1974	1981	between	T082	C0205103
28087508	1982	1991	treatment	T169	C0039798
28087508	1996	2015	geographic location	T083	C0017446
28087508	2039	2059	regional differences	T033	C0682132
28087508	2082	2109	new-onset diabetes mellitus	UnknownType	C0743128
28087508	2114	2128	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28087508	2129	2137	outcomes	T062	C0086750
28087508	2141	2150	NAVIGATOR	T034	C0159069
28087508	2151	2163	participants	T098	C0679646
28087508	2151	2163	participants	T098	C0679646
28087508	2169	2179	identified	T080	C0205396
28087508	2187	2198	differences	T080	C1705242
28087508	2242	2248	global	T080	C2348867
28087508	2249	2255	trials	T062	C0008976

28087919|t|Presumptive Spontaneous Lysosomal Storage-Like Disease in a Crl:CD1(ICR) Mouse
28087919|a|A clinically unremarkable 4.5-mo-old female Crl:CD1(ICR) VAF/Elite mouse was euthanized for scheduled sentinel processing. Gross necropsy findings included significant hepatosplenomegaly and visceral lymphadenomegaly, resulting in a preliminarygross diagnosis of lymphoma. Histology revealed florid accumulations of large, 'foamy' macrophages present in the bone marrow, small intestines, and viscera including liver, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, uterus, and ovaries. The cytoplasm of these cells was abundant, stained pale blue with Wright-Giemsa and was periodic acid-Schiff positive. Given these characteristic gross and histologic findings, a spontaneous lysosomal storage-like disease was diagnosed in this mouse. Cholesterol ester storage disease is likely, because of the visceral involvement with sparing of the CNS, but could not be diagnosed definitively. To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe a case of spontaneous lysosomal storage disease in an outbred mouse of the CD1(ICR) background.
28087919	12	23	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28087919	24	54	Lysosomal Storage-Like Disease	T047	C0085078
28087919	60	78	Crl:CD1(ICR) Mouse	T015	C2697641
28087919	81	91	clinically	T080	C0205210
28087919	92	104	unremarkable	T080	C0205307
28087919	123	151	Crl:CD1(ICR) VAF/Elite mouse	T015	C2697641
28087919	181	189	sentinel	T109,T131	C0950580
28087919	202	216	Gross necropsy	T060	C0200778
28087919	247	265	hepatosplenomegaly	T184	C0019214
28087919	279	295	lymphadenomegaly	T047	C0497156
28087919	329	338	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28087919	342	350	lymphoma	T191	C0024299
28087919	352	361	Histology	T091	C0019638
28087919	410	421	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28087919	437	448	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28087919	450	466	small intestines	T023	C0021852
28087919	472	479	viscera	T023	C0042779
28087919	490	495	liver	T023	C0023884
28087919	497	503	spleen	T023	C0037993
28087919	505	516	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28087919	518	524	thymus	T023	C0040113
28087919	526	532	uterus	T023	C0042149
28087919	538	545	ovaries	T023	C0029939
28087919	551	560	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28087919	570	575	cells	T025	C0007634
28087919	580	588	abundant	T080	C2346714
28087919	613	626	Wright-Giemsa	T059	C0523212
28087919	635	655	periodic acid-Schiff	T059	C0523213
28087919	656	664	positive	T033	C1514241
28087919	693	698	gross	T034	C0428094
28087919	703	713	histologic	T059	C0344441
28087919	714	722	findings	T033	C0243095
28087919	726	737	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28087919	738	768	lysosomal storage-like disease	T047	C0085078
28087919	773	782	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28087919	791	796	mouse	T015	C2697641
28087919	798	831	Cholesterol ester storage disease	T047	C0008384
28087919	858	866	visceral	T082	C0442045
28087919	867	878	involvement	T169	C1314939
28087919	899	902	CNS	T022	C3714787
28087919	921	930	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28087919	931	943	definitively	T079	C0443196
28087919	1010	1021	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28087919	1022	1047	lysosomal storage disease	T047	C0085078
28087919	1054	1061	outbred	T008	C0887834
28087919	1062	1067	mouse	T015	C2697641
28087919	1075	1083	CD1(ICR)	T015	C2697641

28088045|t|UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of penicillin G and metabolites in citrus fruit using internal standards
28088045|a|Penicillin G has been applied to citrus trees as a potential treatment in the fight against Huanglongbing (HLB). Here, we have developed and validated a method to identify and quantitate penicillin G and two of its metabolites, penillic acid and penilloic acid, in citrus fruit using ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). This method improves upon a previous method by incorporating isotopically labeled internal standards, namely, penillic acid-D5, and penilloic acid-D5. These standards greatly enhanced the accuracy and precision of our measurements by compensating for recovery losses, degradation, and matrix effects. When 2g of citrus fruit sample is extracted, the limits of detection (LOD) were determined to be 0.1ng/g for penicillin G and penilloic acid, and 0.25ng/g for penillic acid. At fortification levels of 0.1, 0.25, 1, and 10ng/g, absolute recoveries for penillic and penilloic acids were generally between 50-70%. Recoveries corrected with the isotopically labeled standards were approximately 90-110%. This method will be useful for the identification and quantitation of drug residues and their degradation products using isotopically labeled standards and UHPLC-MS/MS.
28088045	0	18	UHPLC-MS/MS method	T059	C4053724
28088045	27	39	quantitation	T081	C1709793
28088045	43	55	penicillin G	T109,T195	C0030827
28088045	60	71	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28088045	75	87	citrus fruit	T168	C0600183
28088045	94	112	internal standards	T081	C0034925
28088045	113	125	Penicillin G	T109,T195	C0030827
28088045	146	158	citrus trees	T002	C0008865
28088045	164	173	potential	T080	C3245505
28088045	174	183	treatment	T061	C0087111
28088045	205	218	Huanglongbing	T047	C0032080
28088045	220	223	HLB	T047	C0032080
28088045	266	272	method	T170	C0025663
28088045	276	284	identify	T080	C0205396
28088045	289	299	quantitate	T081	C1709793
28088045	300	312	penicillin G	T109,T195	C0030827
28088045	328	339	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28088045	341	354	penillic acid	T109	C0029224
28088045	359	373	penilloic acid	T109	C0029224
28088045	378	390	citrus fruit	T168	C0600183
28088045	397	466	ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4053724
28088045	468	479	UHPLC-MS/MS	T059	C4053724
28088045	487	493	method	T170	C0025663
28088045	494	502	improves	T033	C0184511
28088045	519	525	method	T170	C0025663
28088045	543	563	isotopically labeled	T062	C0022261
28088045	564	582	internal standards	T081	C0034925
28088045	592	608	penillic acid-D5	T109	C0029224
28088045	614	631	penilloic acid-D5	T109	C0029224
28088045	639	648	standards	T062	C0022261
28088045	657	665	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28088045	670	678	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28088045	683	692	precision	T080	C1706245
28088045	700	712	measurements	T169	C0242485
28088045	716	728	compensating	T080	C0205432
28088045	733	748	recovery losses	T081	C1517945
28088045	750	761	degradation	T169	C0243125
28088045	767	781	matrix effects	T080	C1280500
28088045	794	806	citrus fruit	T168	C0600183
28088045	817	826	extracted	T080	C0849355
28088045	832	851	limits of detection	T081	C2718050
28088045	853	856	LOD	T081	C2718050
28088045	892	904	penicillin G	T109,T195	C0030827
28088045	909	923	penilloic acid	T109	C0029224
28088045	942	955	penillic acid	T109	C0029224
28088045	960	980	fortification levels	T080	C0441889
28088045	1010	1029	absolute recoveries	T052	C0237820
28088045	1034	1042	penillic	T123	C0870883
28088045	1047	1062	penilloic acids	T109	C0029224
28088045	1094	1104	Recoveries	T052	C0237820
28088045	1124	1144	isotopically labeled	T062	C0022261
28088045	1145	1154	standards	T062	C0022261
28088045	1188	1194	method	T170	C0025663
28088045	1218	1232	identification	T080	C0205396
28088045	1237	1249	quantitation	T081	C1709793
28088045	1253	1266	drug residues	T167	C0013202
28088045	1277	1297	degradation products	T169	C0243125
28088045	1304	1324	isotopically labeled	T062	C0022261
28088045	1325	1334	standards	T062	C0022261
28088045	1339	1350	UHPLC-MS/MS	T059	C4053724

28088177|t|A novel quantitative PCR detects Babesia infection in patients not identified by currently available non-nucleic acid amplification tests
28088177|a|Ticks transmit Babesia microti, the causative agents of babesiosis in North America and Europe. Babesiosis is now endemic in Northeastern USA and affects people of all ages. Babesia species infect erythrocytes and can be transmitted through blood transfusion. Whole blood and blood products, which are not tested for Babesia, can cause transfusion - transmitted babesiosis (TTB) resulting in severe consequences in the immuno-compromised patients. The purpose of this study was epidemiological evaluation of babesiosis in a tick-infested state. We examined blood samples from 192 patients who visited clinics during the active tick-borne diseases season, using a newly developed qPCR assay that uses the specific molecular beacon probe. Due to the absence of clear symptomology, clinical laboratories did not test 131 samples by IFA, FISH or microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears. Babesia infection was detected in all age groups by FISH and microscopy; notably patients >40 years of age represented 64% of tested samples and 13% were younger patients. We tested all samples using qPCR and found that 38% were positive for Babesia. Of 28 samples that were positive by FISH, 27 (96%) were also positive by qPCR indicating high congruency between nucleic acid based tests. Interestingly, of 78 asymptomatic samples not tested by FISH, 22 were positive by our qPCR. Direct detection of Babesia relies upon microscopic examination of patient blood smears, which is labor intensive, difficult to scale up, requires specific expertise and is hence, often not performed. In fact, a clinical laboratory examined only 23 of 86 blood samples obtained from two different counties by microscopy. By considering individuals positive for Babesia infection when results from currently available microscopy, FISH or serological tests were positive, we found that our qPCR is highly sensitive (96.2%) and showed a specificity of 70.5% for Babesia. Robust qPCR using specific probes can be highly useful for efficient and appropriate diagnosis of babesiosis in patients in conjunction with conventional diagnostics, or as a stand-alone test, especially for donated blood screening. The use of a nucleic acid amplification test based screening of blood and blood products could prevent TTB.
28088177	8	24	quantitative PCR	T063	C1709846
28088177	33	40	Babesia	T204	C0004572
28088177	41	50	infection	T046	C3714514
28088177	54	62	patients	T101	C0030705
28088177	101	137	non-nucleic acid amplification tests	T059	C1441475
28088177	138	143	Ticks	T204	C0040203
28088177	144	152	transmit	T169	C1444006
28088177	153	168	Babesia microti	T204	C0004574
28088177	174	190	causative agents	T033	C0449411
28088177	194	204	babesiosis	T047	C0004576
28088177	208	221	North America	T083	C0028405
28088177	226	232	Europe	T083	C0015176
28088177	234	244	Babesiosis	T047	C0004576
28088177	252	259	endemic	T047	C0277550
28088177	263	275	Northeastern	T083	C0017446
28088177	276	279	USA	T083	C0041703
28088177	292	298	people	T098	C0027361
28088177	306	310	ages	T032	C0001779
28088177	312	327	Babesia species	T204	C0004572
28088177	335	347	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
28088177	359	370	transmitted	T046	C0242781
28088177	379	396	blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28088177	398	409	Whole blood	T031	C0370231
28088177	414	428	blood products	T121	C0456388
28088177	455	462	Babesia	T204	C0004572
28088177	474	485	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28088177	488	499	transmitted	T046	C0242781
28088177	500	510	babesiosis	T047	C0004576
28088177	512	515	TTB	T047	C0004576
28088177	530	536	severe	T080	C0205082
28088177	537	549	consequences	T169	C0686907
28088177	557	575	immuno-compromised	T033	C0085393
28088177	576	584	patients	T101	C0030705
28088177	606	611	study	T062	C2603343
28088177	616	642	epidemiological evaluation	T062	C0002783
28088177	646	656	babesiosis	T047	C0004576
28088177	662	681	tick-infested state	T047	C0040196
28088177	686	694	examined	T033	C0332128
28088177	695	708	blood samples	T031	C0178913
28088177	718	726	patients	T101	C0030705
28088177	739	746	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28088177	765	784	tick-borne diseases	T047	C0040196
28088177	785	791	season	T079	C0036497
28088177	817	827	qPCR assay	T063	C1709846
28088177	851	873	molecular beacon probe	T114	C0028630
28088177	886	893	absence	T169	C0332197
28088177	903	915	symptomology	T184	C1457887
28088177	917	938	clinical laboratories	T073	C1882331
28088177	956	963	samples	T031	C0178913
28088177	967	970	IFA	T059	C0282647
28088177	972	976	FISH	T063	C0162789
28088177	980	1003	microscopic examination	T059	C0026018
28088177	1007	1021	Giemsa-stained	T109,T130	C0017542
28088177	1022	1034	blood smears	T059	C2238079
28088177	1036	1043	Babesia	T204	C0004572
28088177	1044	1053	infection	T046	C3714514
28088177	1074	1084	age groups	T100	C0027362
28088177	1088	1092	FISH	T063	C0162789
28088177	1097	1107	microscopy	T059	C0026018
28088177	1117	1125	patients	T101	C0030705
28088177	1130	1135	years	T079	C0439234
28088177	1139	1142	age	T032	C0001779
28088177	1169	1176	samples	T031	C0178913
28088177	1190	1197	younger	T079	C0332239
28088177	1198	1206	patients	T101	C0030705
28088177	1222	1229	samples	T031	C0178913
28088177	1236	1240	qPCR	T063	C1709846
28088177	1265	1273	positive	T033	C1446409
28088177	1278	1285	Babesia	T204	C0004572
28088177	1293	1300	samples	T031	C0178913
28088177	1311	1319	positive	T033	C1446409
28088177	1323	1327	FISH	T063	C0162789
28088177	1348	1356	positive	T033	C1446409
28088177	1360	1364	qPCR	T063	C1709846
28088177	1400	1424	nucleic acid based tests	T059	C0200932
28088177	1447	1459	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28088177	1460	1467	samples	T031	C0178913
28088177	1482	1486	FISH	T063	C0162789
28088177	1496	1504	positive	T033	C1446409
28088177	1512	1516	qPCR	T063	C1709846
28088177	1525	1534	detection	T061	C1511790
28088177	1538	1545	Babesia	T204	C0004572
28088177	1558	1581	microscopic examination	T059	C0026018
28088177	1585	1592	patient	T101	C0030705
28088177	1593	1605	blood smears	T059	C2238079
28088177	1730	1749	clinical laboratory	T073	C1882331
28088177	1750	1758	examined	T033	C0332128
28088177	1773	1786	blood samples	T031	C0178913
28088177	1815	1823	counties	T083	C0454664
28088177	1827	1837	microscopy	T059	C0026018
28088177	1854	1865	individuals	T098	C0237401
28088177	1866	1874	positive	T033	C1446409
28088177	1879	1886	Babesia	T204	C0004572
28088177	1887	1896	infection	T046	C3714514
28088177	1935	1945	microscopy	T059	C0026018
28088177	1947	1951	FISH	T063	C0162789
28088177	1955	1972	serological tests	T059	C0036743
28088177	1978	1986	positive	T033	C1446409
28088177	2006	2010	qPCR	T063	C1709846
28088177	2021	2030	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28088177	2052	2063	specificity	T081	C0037791
28088177	2077	2084	Babesia	T204	C0004572
28088177	2093	2097	qPCR	T063	C1709846
28088177	2113	2119	probes	T130	C0026381
28088177	2171	2180	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28088177	2184	2194	babesiosis	T047	C0004576
28088177	2198	2206	patients	T101	C0030705
28088177	2240	2251	diagnostics	T062	C1511890
28088177	2302	2317	blood screening	T059	C1511226
28088177	2332	2363	nucleic acid amplification test	T059	C0200932
28088177	2370	2388	screening of blood	T059	C1511226
28088177	2393	2407	blood products	T121	C0456388
28088177	2422	2425	TTB	T047	C0004576

28088218|t|Spinal versus general anaesthesia in surgery for inguinodynia (SPINASIA trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
28088218|a|Chronic inguinodynia (groin pain) is a common complication following open inguinal hernia repair or a Pfannenstiel incision but may also be experienced after other types of (groin) surgery. If conservative treatments are to no avail, tailored remedial surgery, including a neurectomy and/or a (partial) meshectomy, may be considered. Retrospective studies in patients with chronic inguinodynia suggested that spinal anaesthesia is superior compared to general anaesthesia in terms of pain relief following remedial operations. This randomised controlled trial is designed to study the effect of type of anaesthesia (spinal or general) on pain relief following remedial surgery for inguinodynia. A total of 190 adult patients who suffer from unacceptable chronic (more than 3 months) inguinodynia, as subjectively judged by the patients themselves, are included. Only patients scheduled to undergo a neurectomy and/or a meshectomy by an open approach are considered for inclusion and randomised to spinal or general anaesthesia. Patients are excluded if pain is attributable to abdominal causes or if any contraindications for either type of anaesthesia are present. Primary outcome is effect of type of anaesthesia on pain relief. Secondary outcomes include patient satisfaction, quality of life, use of analgesics and (in)direct medical costs. Patient follow-up period is one year. The first patient was included in January 2016. The expected trial deadline is December 2019. Potential effects are deemed related to the entire setting of type of anaesthesia. Since any setting is multifactorial, all of these factors may influence the outcome measures. This is the first large randomised controlled trial comparing the two most frequently used anaesthetic techniques in remedial surgery for groin pain. There is a definite need for evidence-based strategies to optimise results of these types of surgery. Besides pain relief, other important patient -related outcome measures are assessed to include patient's perspectives on outcome. The protocol (protocol number NL54115.015.15) is approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Máxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands. The study protocol was registered at www.trialregister.nl (NTR registration number: 5586) on 15 January 2016.
28088218	0	6	Spinal	T061	C0002928
28088218	14	33	general anaesthesia	T061	C0002915
28088218	37	44	surgery	T061	C0543467
28088218	49	61	inguinodynia	T184	C0239783
28088218	63	77	SPINASIA trial	T062	C0008976
28088218	80	94	study protocol	T170	C2348563
28088218	101	128	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28088218	129	149	Chronic inguinodynia	T184	C0239783
28088218	151	161	groin pain	T184	C0239783
28088218	175	187	complication	T046	C0009566
28088218	198	225	open inguinal hernia repair	T061	C3662471
28088218	231	252	Pfannenstiel incision	T061	C0457819
28088218	303	308	groin	T029	C0018246
28088218	310	317	surgery	T061	C0543467
28088218	322	345	conservative treatments	T061	C0459914
28088218	372	388	remedial surgery	T061	C0543467
28088218	402	412	neurectomy	T061	C0196652
28088218	432	442	meshectomy	T061	C2048747
28088218	463	484	Retrospective studies	T062	C0035363
28088218	488	496	patients	T101	C0030705
28088218	502	522	chronic inguinodynia	T184	C0239783
28088218	538	556	spinal anaesthesia	T061	C0002928
28088218	581	600	general anaesthesia	T061	C0002915
28088218	613	624	pain relief	T061	C0451615
28088218	635	654	remedial operations	T061	C0543467
28088218	661	688	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28088218	704	709	study	T062	C2603343
28088218	714	720	effect	T080	C1280500
28088218	724	743	type of anaesthesia	T185	C1305863
28088218	745	751	spinal	T061	C0002928
28088218	755	762	general	T061	C0002915
28088218	767	778	pain relief	T061	C0451615
28088218	789	805	remedial surgery	T061	C0543467
28088218	810	822	inguinodynia	T184	C0239783
28088218	845	853	patients	T101	C0030705
28088218	912	924	inguinodynia	T184	C0239783
28088218	956	964	patients	T101	C0030705
28088218	996	1004	patients	T101	C0030705
28088218	1028	1038	neurectomy	T061	C0196652
28088218	1048	1058	meshectomy	T061	C2048747
28088218	1098	1107	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28088218	1126	1132	spinal	T061	C0002928
28088218	1136	1155	general anaesthesia	T061	C0002915
28088218	1157	1165	Patients	T101	C0030705
28088218	1182	1186	pain	T184	C0030193
28088218	1206	1222	abdominal causes	T184	C1282002
28088218	1233	1250	contraindications	T033	C1301624
28088218	1262	1281	type of anaesthesia	T185	C1305863
28088218	1286	1293	present	T033	C0150312
28088218	1295	1310	Primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28088218	1314	1320	effect	T080	C1280500
28088218	1324	1343	type of anaesthesia	T185	C1305863
28088218	1347	1358	pain relief	T061	C0451615
28088218	1360	1378	Secondary outcomes	T080	C3274440
28088218	1387	1394	patient	T101	C0030705
28088218	1395	1407	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28088218	1409	1424	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28088218	1433	1443	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
28088218	1448	1472	(in)direct medical costs	T081	C0086600
28088218	1474	1481	Patient	T101	C0030705
28088218	1482	1491	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28088218	1522	1529	patient	T101	C0030705
28088218	1606	1615	Potential	T080	C3245505
28088218	1616	1623	effects	T080	C1280500
28088218	1668	1687	type of anaesthesia	T185	C1305863
28088218	1710	1724	multifactorial	T033	C1837655
28088218	1765	1781	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
28088218	1807	1834	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28088218	1874	1896	anaesthetic techniques	T061	C0002921
28088218	1900	1916	remedial surgery	T061	C0543467
28088218	1921	1931	groin pain	T184	C0239783
28088218	2026	2033	surgery	T061	C0543467
28088218	2043	2054	pain relief	T061	C0451615
28088218	2072	2079	patient	T101	C0030705
28088218	2089	2105	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
28088218	2110	2118	assessed	T052	C1516048
28088218	2130	2139	patient's	T101	C0030705
28088218	2156	2163	outcome	T080	C0085415
28088218	2169	2177	protocol	T061	C0040808
28088218	2179	2209	protocol number NL54115.015.15	T170	C0282574
28088218	2230	2254	Medical Ethics Committee	T097	C0085546
28088218	2258	2279	Máxima Medical Centre	T073,T093	C0565990
28088218	2281	2290	Veldhoven	UnknownType	C0681784
28088218	2296	2308	Netherlands.	T083	C0027778
28088218	2313	2327	study protocol	T170	C2348563
28088218	2346	2366	www.trialregister.nl	T170	C2349146
28088218	2368	2397	NTR registration number: 5586	T170	C0282574

28088240|t|Feasibility of an altruistic sperm donation program in Canada: results from a population-based model
28088240|a|Stringent donor - screening criteria and legislation prohibiting payment for donor gametes have contributed to the radical decline of donor insemination (DI) using sperm provided by Canadian men. Thus, many individuals rely on imported sperm. This paper examines the feasibility of an altruistic sperm donation (ASD) program to meet the needs of Canadians. Using Canadian census data, published literature and expert opinions, two population-based, top-down mathematical models were developed to estimate the supply and demand for donor sperm and the feasibility of an ASD program. It was estimated that 63 donors would pass Canadian screening criteria, which would provide 1,575 donations. The demand for DI by women was 7,866 samples (4,319 same sex couples, 1,287 single women and 2,260 heterosexual couples). Considerable effort would be necessary to create the required increase in awareness of the program and change in societal behaviour towards sperm donation for an ASD program to be feasible in Canada.
28088240	0	11	Feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28088240	18	28	altruistic	T033	C0564563
28088240	29	43	sperm donation	T055	C0871414
28088240	44	51	program	T058	C0679897
28088240	55	61	Canada	T083	C0006823
28088240	78	100	population-based model	T170	C3161035
28088240	101	116	Stringent donor	T098	C0013018
28088240	119	137	screening criteria	T078	C0243161
28088240	142	153	legislation	T089	C0023252
28088240	166	173	payment	T081	C0680264
28088240	178	183	donor	T098	C0013018
28088240	184	191	gametes	T025	C2718310
28088240	224	231	decline	T080	C0392756
28088240	235	253	donor insemination	T061	C0021588
28088240	255	257	DI	T061	C0021588
28088240	265	270	sperm	T025	C0037868
28088240	283	291	Canadian	T033	C0238884
28088240	292	295	men	T098	C0025266
28088240	308	319	individuals	T098	C0237401
28088240	328	336	imported	T057	C0699788
28088240	337	342	sperm	T025	C0037868
28088240	368	379	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28088240	386	396	altruistic	T033	C0564563
28088240	397	411	sperm donation	T055	C0871414
28088240	413	416	ASD	T055	C0871414
28088240	418	425	program	T058	C0679897
28088240	447	456	Canadians	T033	C0238884
28088240	464	472	Canadian	T033	C0238884
28088240	473	479	census	T081	C0007663
28088240	480	484	data	T078	C1511726
28088240	486	506	published literature	T073,T170	C0034036
28088240	511	526	expert opinions	T077	C0600219
28088240	528	578	two population-based, top-down mathematical models	T170	C0876936
28088240	632	637	donor	T098	C0013018
28088240	638	643	sperm	T025	C0037868
28088240	652	663	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28088240	670	673	ASD	T055	C0871414
28088240	674	681	program	T058	C0679897
28088240	708	714	donors	T098	C0013018
28088240	726	734	Canadian	T033	C0238884
28088240	735	753	screening criteria	T078	C0243161
28088240	781	790	donations	T055	C0871414
28088240	807	809	DI	T061	C0021588
28088240	813	818	women	T098	C0043210
28088240	844	852	same sex	T098	C0019898
28088240	853	860	couples	T099	C0010222
28088240	875	880	women	T098	C0043210
28088240	891	903	heterosexual	T098	C1527360
28088240	904	911	couples	T099	C0010222
28088240	976	984	increase	T169	C0442805
28088240	988	997	awareness	T041	C0004448
28088240	1005	1012	program	T058	C0679897
28088240	1027	1045	societal behaviour	T054	C0037397
28088240	1054	1068	sperm donation	T055	C0871414
28088240	1076	1079	ASD	T055	C0871414
28088240	1080	1087	program	T058	C0679897
28088240	1106	1112	Canada	T083	C0006823

28088318|t|Correlation of the HPV detection, protein expression and DNA content in cutaneous pre-invasive and invasive carcinoma among Croatian patients
28088318|a|Development of cutaneous carcinomas has been associated with HPV infection. There have been various reports on p16, p53 and pRb expression in cutaneous carcinomas and on its linkage to HPV status. Association of protein expression and HPV infection with DNA content is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine a possible correlation between HPV type, protein expression and DNA content in both pre-invasive and invasive squamous cell carcinoma, as well as differences between studied groups in these parameters. Sections of formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue from 54 cases of Morbus Bowen (preinvasive cutaneous carcinoma) and 41 cases of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin were subjected to HPV genotyping using Lipa (Line imuno probe assay), immunohistochemical staining for p16(INK4A), p53, pRb and prepared for flow cytometry DNA content analysis. Obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Chi square test. Only p16 expression showed statistically significant differences in studied groups. Statistically significant correlations were found only in MB between parameters HPV - p53, p53 - pRb and p53 - p16. Our results suggest different virus - induced pathobiology pathways for different cutaneous carcinoma groups.
28088318	0	11	Correlation	T080	C1707520
28088318	19	32	HPV detection	T059	C0201678
28088318	34	52	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28088318	57	68	DNA content	T081	C0032246
28088318	72	81	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
28088318	82	94	pre-invasive	T191	C0007099
28088318	99	117	invasive carcinoma	T191	C1334274
28088318	124	132	Croatian	T098	C1257890
28088318	133	141	patients	T101	C0030705
28088318	157	177	cutaneous carcinomas	T191	C0154073
28088318	187	202	associated with	T080	C0332281
28088318	203	216	HPV infection	T047	C0343641
28088318	242	249	reports	T170	C0684224
28088318	253	256	p16	T116,T123	C0249880
28088318	258	261	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28088318	266	269	pRb	T116,T123	C0080113
28088318	270	280	expression	T045	C1171362
28088318	284	304	cutaneous carcinomas	T191	C0154073
28088318	316	323	linkage	T044	C0023745
28088318	327	330	HPV	T005	C0021344
28088318	354	372	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28088318	377	390	HPV infection	T047	C0343641
28088318	396	407	DNA content	T081	C0032246
28088318	472	483	correlation	T080	C1707520
28088318	492	495	HPV	T005	C0021344
28088318	502	520	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28088318	525	536	DNA content	T081	C0032246
28088318	545	557	pre-invasive	T191	C0007099
28088318	562	570	invasive	T080	C0205281
28088318	571	594	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
28088318	635	641	groups	T098	C1257890
28088318	651	661	parameters	T033	C0449381
28088318	663	671	Sections	T167	C1522472
28088318	675	720	formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue	T024	C2711483
28088318	729	734	cases	T077	C1706256
28088318	738	750	Morbus Bowen	T191	C0006079
28088318	752	783	preinvasive cutaneous carcinoma	T191	C0154073
28088318	792	797	cases	T077	C1706256
28088318	801	809	invasive	T080	C0205281
28088318	810	833	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
28088318	841	845	skin	T022	C1123023
28088318	864	878	HPV genotyping	T059	C2368152
28088318	885	889	Lipa	T059	C3539666
28088318	891	913	Line imuno probe assay	T059	C3539666
28088318	916	935	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
28088318	936	944	staining	T059	C0487602
28088318	949	959	p16(INK4A)	T116,T123	C0249880
28088318	961	964	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28088318	966	969	pRb	T116,T123	C0080113
28088318	974	982	prepared	T033	C4082130
28088318	987	1022	flow cytometry DNA content analysis	T059	C0200905
28088318	1066	1081	Chi square test	T170	C0008041
28088318	1088	1102	p16 expression	T045	C1171362
28088318	1110	1135	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28088318	1136	1147	differences	T080	C1705242
28088318	1167	1192	Statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28088318	1193	1205	correlations	T080	C1707520
28088318	1236	1246	parameters	T033	C0449381
28088318	1247	1250	HPV	T005	C0021344
28088318	1253	1256	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28088318	1258	1261	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28088318	1264	1267	pRb	T116,T123	C0080113
28088318	1272	1275	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28088318	1278	1281	p16	T116,T123	C0249880
28088318	1313	1318	virus	T005	C0042776
28088318	1321	1328	induced	T169	C0205263
28088318	1329	1350	pathobiology pathways	T077	C1511986
28088318	1365	1384	cutaneous carcinoma	T191	C0154073
28088318	1385	1391	groups	T098	C1257890

28088402|t|Historical relationships of three enigmatic phasianid genera (Aves: Galliformes) inferred using phylogenomic and mitogenomic data
28088402|a|The phylogeny of the Phasianidae (pheasants, partridges, and allies) has been studied extensively. However, these studies have largely ignored three enigmatic genera because of scarce DNA source material and limited overlapping phylogenetic data: blood pheasants (Ithaginis), snow partridges (Lerwa), and long-billed partridges (Rhizothera). Thus, phylogenetic positions of these three genera remain uncertain in what is otherwise a well-resolved phylogeny. Previous studies using different data types place Lerwa and Ithaginis in similar positions, but the absence of overlapping data means the relationship between them could not be inferred. Rhizothera was originally described in the genus Perdix (true partridges), although a partial cytochrome b (CYB) sequence suggests it is sister to Pucrasia (koklass pheasant). To identify robust relationships among Ithaginis, Lerwa, Rhizothera, and their phasianid relatives, we used 3692 ultra-conserved element (UCE) loci and complete mitogenomes from 19 species including previously hypothesized relatives of the three focal genera and representatives from all major phasianid clades. We used DNA extracted from historical specimen toepads for species that lacked fresh tissue in museum collections. Maximum likelihood and multispecies coalescent UCE analyses strongly supported Lerwa sister to a large clade which included Ithaginis at its base, and also including turkey, grouse, typical pheasants, tragopans, Pucrasia, and Perdix. Rhizothera was also in this clade, sister to a diverse group comprising Perdix, typical pheasants, Pucrasia, turkey and grouse. Mitogenomic genealogies differed from UCEs topologies, supporting a sister relationship between Ithaginis and Lerwa rather than a grade. The position of Rhizothera using mitogenomes depended on analytical choices. Unpartitioned and codon-based analyses placed Rhizothera sister to a tragopan clade, whereas a partitioned DNA model of the mitogenome was congruent with UCE results. In all mitogenome analyses, Pucrasia was sister to a clade including Perdix and the typical pheasants with high support, in contrast to UCEs and published nuclear intron data. Due to the strong support and consistent topology provided by all UCE analyses, we have identified phylogenetic relationships of these three enigmatic, poorly-studied, phasianid taxa.
28088402	0	24	Historical relationships	T079	C0019659
28088402	34	43	enigmatic	T080	C0205556
28088402	44	60	phasianid genera	T012	C0325635
28088402	62	66	Aves	T012	C0005595
28088402	68	79	Galliformes	T012	C0325589
28088402	96	129	phylogenomic and mitogenomic data	T170	C2346460
28088402	134	143	phylogeny	T078	C0031797
28088402	151	162	Phasianidae	T012	C0325635
28088402	164	173	pheasants	T012	C0999292
28088402	175	185	partridges	T012	C1828284
28088402	191	197	allies	T012	C3973343
28088402	279	295	enigmatic genera	T080	C0205556
28088402	307	313	scarce	T080	C0231180
28088402	314	317	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28088402	318	333	source material	T033	C0449416
28088402	358	375	phylogenetic data	T170	C0872179
28088402	377	392	blood pheasants	T012	C1035898
28088402	394	403	Ithaginis	T012	C1035898
28088402	406	421	snow partridges	T012	C3684199
28088402	423	428	Lerwa	T012	C3684199
28088402	435	457	long-billed partridges	T012	C2291854
28088402	459	469	Rhizothera	T012	C2291854
28088402	478	500	phylogenetic positions	T032	C0314647
28088402	577	586	phylogeny	T078	C0031797
28088402	621	625	data	T078	C1511726
28088402	638	643	Lerwa	T012	C3684199
28088402	648	657	Ithaginis	T012	C1035898
28088402	699	715	overlapping data	T079	C1948020
28088402	726	738	relationship	T080	C0439849
28088402	775	785	Rhizothera	T012	C2291854
28088402	824	830	Perdix	T012	C0999297
28088402	832	847	true partridges	T012	C0999297
28088402	869	881	cytochrome b	T116,T126	C0010744
28088402	883	886	CYB	T116,T126	C0010744
28088402	912	918	sister	T077	C1546515
28088402	922	930	Pucrasia	T012	C0999301
28088402	932	948	koklass pheasant	T012	C0999301
28088402	970	983	relationships	T080	C0439849
28088402	990	999	Ithaginis	T012	C1035898
28088402	1001	1006	Lerwa	T012	C3684199
28088402	1008	1018	Rhizothera	T012	C2291854
28088402	1030	1049	phasianid relatives	T012	C0325635
28088402	1064	1098	ultra-conserved element (UCE) loci	T028	C0678933
28088402	1112	1123	mitogenomes	T028	C0017428
28088402	1132	1139	species	T185	C1705920
28088402	1161	1173	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28088402	1174	1183	relatives	T080	C0439849
28088402	1245	1261	phasianid clades	T012	C0325635
28088402	1271	1284	DNA extracted	T114,T123	C0012854
28088402	1301	1317	specimen toepads	T033	C1848515
28088402	1335	1354	lacked fresh tissue	T024	C2711421
28088402	1358	1376	museum collections	T059	C0200345
28088402	1401	1437	multispecies coalescent UCE analyses	T081	C0026757
28088402	1457	1462	Lerwa	T012	C3684199
28088402	1463	1469	sister	T077	C1546515
28088402	1475	1486	large clade	T012	C0325635
28088402	1502	1511	Ithaginis	T012	C1035898
28088402	1544	1550	turkey	T012	C3669390
28088402	1552	1558	grouse	T012	C0325618
28088402	1568	1577	pheasants	T012	C0999292
28088402	1579	1588	tragopans	T012	C0325686
28088402	1590	1598	Pucrasia	T012	C0999301
28088402	1604	1610	Perdix	T012	C0999297
28088402	1612	1622	Rhizothera	T012	C2291854
28088402	1640	1645	clade	T012	C0325635
28088402	1647	1653	sister	T077	C1546515
28088402	1684	1690	Perdix	T012	C0999297
28088402	1700	1709	pheasants	T012	C0999292
28088402	1711	1719	Pucrasia	T012	C0999301
28088402	1721	1727	turkey	T012	C3669390
28088402	1732	1738	grouse	T012	C0325618
28088402	1740	1763	Mitogenomic genealogies	T170	C0017298
28088402	1778	1793	UCEs topologies	T169	C0205245
28088402	1808	1827	sister relationship	T077	C1546515
28088402	1836	1845	Ithaginis	T012	C1035898
28088402	1850	1855	Lerwa	T012	C3684199
28088402	1893	1903	Rhizothera	T012	C2291854
28088402	1910	1921	mitogenomes	T028	C0017428
28088402	1934	1952	analytical choices	T062	C0936012
28088402	1972	1992	codon-based analyses	T059,T063	C0162802
28088402	2000	2010	Rhizothera	T012	C2291854
28088402	2011	2017	sister	T077	C1546515
28088402	2023	2037	tragopan clade	T012	C0325635
28088402	2061	2070	DNA model	T170	C0026343
28088402	2078	2088	mitogenome	T028	C0017428
28088402	2093	2102	congruent	T080	C0439853
28088402	2108	2119	UCE results	T033	C0243095
28088402	2128	2147	mitogenome analyses	T059	C3854164
28088402	2149	2157	Pucrasia	T012	C0999301
28088402	2162	2168	sister	T077	C1546515
28088402	2174	2179	clade	T012	C0325635
28088402	2190	2196	Perdix	T012	C0999297
28088402	2213	2222	pheasants	T012	C0999292
28088402	2266	2295	published nuclear intron data	T170	C0993637
28088402	2338	2346	topology	T170	C0178476
28088402	2363	2375	UCE analyses	T170	C0178476
28088402	2396	2408	phylogenetic	T078	C0031797
28088402	2409	2422	relationships	T080	C0439849
28088402	2438	2447	enigmatic	T080	C0205556
28088402	2465	2479	phasianid taxa	T012	C0325635

28088903|t|Antitubercular Marine Natural Products
28088903|a|Due to the importance of nature as a source of new drug candidates, the purpose of this article is to emphasize the marine natural products, which exhibit antitubercular activity, published between January 2000 and May 2016, with 138 quotation to 250 compounds obtained from marine resources. These metabolites are organized by chemical constitution and named as simple alkyl lipids derivatives, aromatics derivatives, peptides, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, macrolides, and polycyclic polyketides.
28088903	0	14	Antitubercular	T033	C0243095
28088903	15	38	Marine Natural Products	T185	C3829196
28088903	50	60	importance	T080	C3898777
28088903	64	70	nature	T078	C0349590
28088903	76	82	source	T033	C0449416
28088903	86	89	new	T080	C0205314
28088903	90	105	drug candidates	T121	C1254351
28088903	127	134	article	T170	C0282420
28088903	155	178	marine natural products	T185	C3829196
28088903	194	217	antitubercular activity	T033	C0243095
28088903	237	244	January	T080	C3829466
28088903	254	257	May	T079	C3812381
28088903	273	282	quotation	T081	C0392762
28088903	290	299	compounds	T080	C0205198
28088903	300	308	obtained	T169	C1301820
28088903	314	330	marine resources	T001	C0599383
28088903	338	349	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28088903	354	363	organized	T169	C1300196
28088903	367	388	chemical constitution	T070	C0243176
28088903	409	433	alkyl lipids derivatives	T109	C0023779
28088903	435	456	aromatics derivatives	T109,T121	C0772162
28088903	458	466	peptides	T116	C0030956
28088903	468	477	alkaloids	T109,T121	C0002062
28088903	479	489	terpenoids	T109,T123	C0039561
28088903	491	499	steroids	T109	C0038317
28088903	501	511	macrolides	T109,T121	C0282563
28088903	517	539	polycyclic polyketides	T109,T121	C3179052

28089332|t|Lithium silicate endocrown fabricated with a CAD-CAM system: A functional and esthetic protocol
28089332|a|An endocrown restoration is an alternative approach to complete crowns with intraradicular cores or dowels for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth. Endocrowns conserve tooth structure and require fewer dental visits. This approach has been widely used, and various materials and techniques have been reported. Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) systems can generate and store libraries of teeth with various anatomies in their database, and diagnostic tooth waxing may not be required. However, occlusal adjustments after the cementation of indirect restorations are often frustrating. Thus, a rapid and efficient way of addressing this challenge is necessary. This clinical report presents a protocol for the fabrication and delivery of an endocrown by using the biogeneric design mode with lithium silicate-based ceramic adjusted before its complete sintering.
28089332	0	16	Lithium silicate	T197	C0021521
28089332	17	26	endocrown	T074	C0025080
28089332	27	37	fabricated	T067	C1254366
28089332	45	59	CAD-CAM system	T073	C3873751
28089332	87	95	protocol	T061	C0008971
28089332	99	108	endocrown	T074	C0025080
28089332	109	120	restoration	T061	C0399077
28089332	127	147	alternative approach	T061	C0679761
28089332	160	166	crowns	T023	C0226993
28089332	172	192	intraradicular cores	T074	C0025080
28089332	196	202	dowels	T074	C0524691
28089332	211	222	restoration	T061	C0399077
28089332	226	254	endodontically treated teeth	T047	C0376699
28089332	256	266	Endocrowns	T074	C0025080
28089332	276	291	tooth structure	T023	C0040426
28089332	310	323	dental visits	T058	C1254363
28089332	373	382	materials	T122	C0005479
28089332	387	397	techniques	T169	C0449851
28089332	408	416	reported	T058	C0700287
28089332	418	490	Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) systems	T073	C3873751
28089332	508	513	store	T169	C1698986
28089332	514	532	libraries of teeth	T073,T093	C0023622
28089332	546	555	anatomies	T023	C0040426
28089332	565	573	database	T170	C0242356
28089332	579	602	diagnostic tooth waxing	T060	C0430022
28089332	633	653	occlusal adjustments	T061	C0341000
28089332	664	675	cementation	T061	C0007656
28089332	679	700	indirect restorations	T061	C0399077
28089332	804	819	clinical report	T170	C1299495
28089332	831	839	protocol	T061	C0008971
28089332	848	859	fabrication	T067	C1254366
28089332	879	888	endocrown	T074	C0025080
28089332	902	924	biogeneric design mode	T061	C0011338
28089332	930	960	lithium silicate-based ceramic	T197	C0021521
28089332	990	999	sintering	T061	C0087111

28089452|t|Co-Folding of a FliF - FliG Split Domain Forms the Basis of the MS:C Ring Interface within the Bacterial Flagellar Motor
28089452|a|The interface between the membrane (MS) and cytoplasmic (C) rings of the bacterial flagellar motor couples torque generation to rotation within the membrane. The structure of the C-terminal helices of the integral membrane protein FliF (FliFC) bound to the N terminal domain of the switch complex protein FliG (FliGN) reveals that FliGN folds around FliFC to produce a topology that closely resembles both the middle and C-terminal domains of FliG. The interface is consistent with solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance, small-angle X-ray scattering, in vivo interaction studies, and cellular motility assays. Co-folding with FliFC induces substantial conformational changes in FliGN and suggests that FliF and FliG have the same stoichiometry within the rotor. Modeling the FliFC: FliGN complex into cryo-electron microscopy rotor density updates the architecture of the middle and upper switch complex and shows how domain shuffling of a conserved interaction module anchors the cytoplasmic rotor to the membrane.
28089452	0	10	Co-Folding	T044	C0162847
28089452	16	20	FliF	T116,T123	C1429736
28089452	23	27	FliG	T116,T123	C1429735
28089452	28	40	Split Domain	T087	C1514562
28089452	64	83	MS:C Ring Interface	T026	C3157051
28089452	95	120	Bacterial Flagellar Motor	T043	C3156185
28089452	147	155	membrane	T026	C0596901
28089452	157	159	MS	T026	C0596901
28089452	165	176	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
28089452	178	179	C	T026	C0521449
28089452	181	219	rings of the bacterial flagellar motor	T043	C3156185
28089452	228	234	torque	T067	C0376590
28089452	235	245	generation	T052	C3146294
28089452	249	257	rotation	T169	C0035868
28089452	269	277	membrane	T026	C0596901
28089452	300	318	C-terminal helices	T082	C1704821
28089452	326	351	integral membrane protein	T116	C0021699
28089452	352	356	FliF	T116,T123	C1429736
28089452	358	363	FliFC	T116,T123	C1429736
28089452	378	395	N terminal domain	T087	C1514562
28089452	403	430	switch complex protein FliG	T116,T123	C1429735
28089452	432	437	FliGN	T116,T123	C1429735
28089452	452	457	FliGN	T116,T123	C1429735
28089452	458	463	folds	T044	C0162847
28089452	471	476	FliFC	T116,T123	C1429736
28089452	490	498	topology	T075	C0026336
28089452	531	537	middle	T087	C1514562
28089452	542	560	C-terminal domains	T087	C1514562
28089452	564	568	FliG	T116,T123	C1429735
28089452	603	644	solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance	T070	C0028580
28089452	646	674	small-angle X-ray scattering	T059	C1537058
28089452	676	703	in vivo interaction studies	T062	C0681829
28089452	709	733	cellular motility assays	T059	C1955924
28089452	735	745	Co-folding	T044	C0162847
28089452	751	756	FliFC	T116,T123	C1429736
28089452	765	799	substantial conformational changes	T044	C0301641
28089452	803	808	FliGN	T116,T123	C1429735
28089452	827	831	FliF	T116,T123	C1429736
28089452	836	840	FliG	T116,T123	C1429736
28089452	855	868	stoichiometry	T081	C0597526
28089452	880	885	rotor	T043	C0920694
28089452	900	905	FliFC	T116,T123	C1429736
28089452	907	912	FliGN	T116,T123	C1429735
28089452	926	950	cryo-electron microscopy	T059	C0597705
28089452	951	964	rotor density	T033	C0243095
28089452	1014	1028	switch complex	T116,T123	C1429735
28089452	1043	1049	domain	T087	C1514562
28089452	1075	1093	interaction module	T077	C1709061
28089452	1094	1101	anchors	T044	C1622508
28089452	1106	1123	cytoplasmic rotor	T026	C3157051
28089452	1131	1139	membrane	T026	C0596901

28089587|t|Development of (111) In -labeled exendin(9-39) derivatives for single-photon emission computed tomography imaging of insulinoma
28089587|a|Insulinoma is a tumor derived from pancreatic β-cells, and the resulting hyperinsulinemia leads to characteristic hypoglycemia. Recent studies have reported the frequent overexpression of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in human insulinomas, suggesting that the binding of a radiolabeled compound to GLP-1R is useful for the imaging of such tumors. Exendin(9-39), a fragment peptide of exendin-3 and -4, binds GLP-1R with high affinity and acts as an antagonist. Accordingly, radiolabeled exendin(9-39) derivatives have also been investigated as insulinoma imaging probes that might be less likely to induce hypoglycemia. In this study, we synthesized a novel indium-111 ((111)In)-benzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((111)In-BnDTPA) -conjugated exendin(9-39), (111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39), and evaluated its utility as a probe for the SPECT imaging of insulinoma. natIn-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39) exhibited a high affinity for GLP-1R (IC50=2.5nM), stability in plasma, and a specific activity that improved following reactions with a solvent and solubilizer. Regarding the in vivo biodistribution of (111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39) in INS-1 tumor -bearing mice, high uptake levels were observed in tumors (14.6%ID/g at 15min), with corresponding high tumor -to- blood (T/B), tumor -to- muscle (T/M), and tumor -to- pancreas (T/P) ratios (T/B =2.55, T/M =22.7, T/P =2.7 at 1h). The pre-administration of excess nonradioactive exendin(9-39) significantly reduced accumulation in both the tumor and pancreas (76% and 68 % inhibition, respectively) at 1h after (111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39) injection, indicating that the GLP-1R mediated a majority of (111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39) uptake in the tumor and pancreas. Finally, (111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39) SPECT/CT studies in mice yielded clear images of tumors at 30min post-injection. These results suggest that (111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39) could be a useful SPECT molecular imaging probe for the detection and exact localization of insulinomas.
28089587	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
28089587	15	23	(111) In	T130,T196	C0303403
28089587	21	32	In -labeled	T080	C1708632
28089587	33	46	exendin(9-39)	T116	C0247947
28089587	47	58	derivatives	T130	C0358514
28089587	63	113	single-photon emission computed tomography imaging	T060	C0040399
28089587	117	127	insulinoma	T191	C0021670
28089587	128	138	Insulinoma	T191	C0021670
28089587	144	149	tumor	T191	C0027651
28089587	163	181	pancreatic β-cells	T025	C0030281
28089587	201	217	hyperinsulinemia	T047	C0020459
28089587	242	254	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
28089587	298	312	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28089587	316	348	glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor	T192	C0378073
28089587	350	356	GLP-1R	T192	C0378073
28089587	361	366	human	T016	C0086418
28089587	367	378	insulinomas	T191	C0021670
28089587	400	407	binding	T044	C1167622
28089587	413	434	radiolabeled compound	T130	C0358514
28089587	438	444	GLP-1R	T192	C0378073
28089587	463	470	imaging	T060	C0011923
28089587	479	485	tumors	T191	C0027651
28089587	487	500	Exendin(9-39)	T116	C0247947
28089587	504	520	fragment peptide	T116	C0030935
28089587	524	533	exendin-3	T116	C0082517
28089587	538	540	-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28089587	542	547	binds	T044	C1167622
28089587	548	554	GLP-1R	T192	C0378073
28089587	565	573	affinity	T070	C1510827
28089587	589	599	antagonist	T121	C0021643
28089587	614	652	radiolabeled exendin(9-39) derivatives	T130	C0358514
28089587	684	694	insulinoma	T191	C0021670
28089587	695	709	imaging probes	T130	C0026381
28089587	746	758	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615
28089587	768	773	study	T077	C1706256
28089587	778	789	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28089587	798	877	indium-111 ((111)In)-benzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((111)In-BnDTPA)	T109,T130	C0361442
28089587	890	903	exendin(9-39)	T116	C0247947
28089587	905	933	(111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39)	T130	C0358514
28089587	966	971	probe	T130	C0026381
28089587	980	993	SPECT imaging	T060	C0040399
28089587	997	1007	insulinoma	T191	C0021670
28089587	1009	1035	natIn-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39)	T130	C0358514
28089587	1053	1061	affinity	T070	C1510827
28089587	1066	1072	GLP-1R	T192	C0378073
28089587	1087	1096	stability	T080	C0205360
28089587	1100	1106	plasma	T031	C0032105
28089587	1123	1131	activity	T052	C0441655
28089587	1156	1165	reactions	T169	C0443286
28089587	1173	1180	solvent	T130	C0037638
28089587	1185	1196	solubilizer	T130	C0034760
28089587	1212	1219	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28089587	1220	1235	biodistribution	T082	C0037775
28089587	1239	1267	(111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39)	T130	C0358514
28089587	1271	1276	INS-1	T191	C0021670
28089587	1277	1282	tumor	T191	C0027651
28089587	1277	1296	tumor -bearing mice	T015	C0025929
28089587	1303	1309	uptake	T039	C0243144
28089587	1310	1316	levels	T080	C0441889
28089587	1334	1340	tumors	T191	C0027651
28089587	1387	1392	tumor	T191	C0027651
28089587	1387	1403	tumor -to- blood	T033	C0243095
28089587	1398	1403	blood	T031	C0005767
28089587	1405	1408	T/B	T033	C0243095
28089587	1411	1416	tumor	T191	C0027651
28089587	1411	1428	tumor -to- muscle	T033	C0243095
28089587	1422	1428	muscle	T024	C0026845
28089587	1430	1433	T/M	T033	C0243095
28089587	1440	1445	tumor	T191	C0027651
28089587	1440	1472	tumor -to- pancreas (T/P) ratios	T033	C0243095
28089587	1451	1459	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28089587	1461	1464	T/P	T033	C0243095
28089587	1474	1477	T/B	T033	C0243095
28089587	1485	1488	T/M	T033	C0243095
28089587	1496	1499	T/P	T033	C0243095
28089587	1517	1535	pre-administration	T061	C1533734
28089587	1546	1574	nonradioactive exendin(9-39)	T116	C0247947
28089587	1589	1596	reduced	T080	C0392756
28089587	1597	1609	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28089587	1622	1627	tumor	T191	C0027651
28089587	1632	1640	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28089587	1653	1665	% inhibition	T081	C1628982
28089587	1693	1721	(111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39)	T130	C0358514
28089587	1722	1731	injection	T061	C1533685
28089587	1753	1759	GLP-1R	T192	C0378073
28089587	1783	1811	(111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39)	T130	C0358514
28089587	1812	1818	uptake	T039	C0243144
28089587	1826	1831	tumor	T191	C0027651
28089587	1836	1844	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28089587	1855	1883	(111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39)	T130	C0358514
28089587	1884	1900	SPECT/CT studies	T060	C3472245
28089587	1904	1908	mice	T015	C0025929
28089587	1933	1939	tumors	T191	C0027651
28089587	1949	1963	post-injection	T079	C2362314
28089587	1992	2020	(111)In-BnDTPA-exendin(9-39)	T130	C0358514
28089587	2039	2044	SPECT	T060	C0040399
28089587	2045	2068	molecular imaging probe	T130	C0026381
28089587	2077	2086	detection	T061	C1511790
28089587	2097	2109	localization	T169	C0475264
28089587	2113	2124	insulinomas	T191	C0021670

28089781|t|Genotoxic effect and rat hepatocyte death occurred after oxidative stress induction and antioxidant gene downregulation caused by long term fluoride exposure
28089781|a|Studies focusing on possible genotoxic effects of excess fluoride are contradictory and inconclusive. Currently, studies have reported a probable link to oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis induced by fluoride in rat hepatocytes. We developed an in vivo study administering three doses of fluoride by gavage given to rats for 60 day. Micronucleus test was applied to investigate genotoxic potential of fluoride. The TUNEL method determined DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Biochemical parameters to investigate mitochondrial swelling and oxidative stress. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining to determine mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant enzymes. Analyses of the hepatic function and morphology were performed. Our results revealed the genotoxic potential of fluoride but did not confirm mitochondrial swelling nor an increase of positive TUNEL labelling induced by fluoride, indicating absence of apoptosis. Oxidative stress induction was confirmed and is probably associated to DNA damage. Cell death events such as empty nuclear spaces, cytoplasm degeneration, nuclear pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyorrhexis followed by karyolysis were observed. Hepatic function did not appear to be significantly modified makes no evidence of necrosis and suggesting other cell death pathway, the autophagic. In conclusion, prolonged fluoride intake at chosen concentrations caused imbalance of the cellular oxidative state, affected DNA and disrupted cellular homeostasis. It is recommended that fluoride supplementation requires a fresh consideration in light of the current study.
28089781	0	16	Genotoxic effect	T037	C0600688
28089781	21	24	rat	T015	C0034693
28089781	25	35	hepatocyte	T025	C0227525
28089781	36	41	death	T043	C0007587
28089781	42	50	occurred	T052	C1709305
28089781	57	83	oxidative stress induction	T043	C1159842
28089781	88	104	antioxidant gene	T028	C0017337
28089781	105	119	downregulation	T045	C0920533
28089781	130	139	long term	T079	C0443252
28089781	140	157	fluoride exposure	T033	C2220307
28089781	158	165	Studies	T062	C0008972
28089781	178	186	possible	T033	C0332149
28089781	187	204	genotoxic effects	T037	C0600688
28089781	208	214	excess	T080	C1979886
28089781	215	223	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28089781	228	241	contradictory	T080	C0205556
28089781	246	258	inconclusive	T080	C1629507
28089781	271	278	studies	T062	C0681814
28089781	284	292	reported	T170	C0684224
28089781	295	308	probable link	T033	C0243095
28089781	312	328	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28089781	330	340	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
28089781	345	354	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28089781	355	362	induced	T169	C0205263
28089781	366	374	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28089781	378	381	rat	T015	C0034693
28089781	382	393	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
28089781	411	424	in vivo study	T062	C0681829
28089781	425	438	administering	T169	C1621583
28089781	445	450	doses	T081	C0178602
28089781	454	462	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28089781	466	472	gavage	T061	C0041281
28089781	482	486	rats	T015	C0034693
28089781	494	497	day	T079	C0439228
28089781	499	516	Micronucleus test	T059,T063	C0026006
28089781	521	528	applied	T169	C4048755
28089781	532	543	investigate	T169	C1292732
28089781	544	563	genotoxic potential	T081	C0243169
28089781	567	575	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28089781	581	593	TUNEL method	T063	C1515232
28089781	594	604	determined	T080	C0521095
28089781	605	622	DNA fragmentation	T044	C0376669
28089781	627	636	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28089781	638	649	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
28089781	650	660	parameters	T077	C0549193
28089781	664	675	investigate	T169	C1292732
28089781	676	698	mitochondrial swelling	T049	C0026244
28089781	703	719	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28089781	721	738	Semi-quantitative	T081	C0522525
28089781	739	745	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28089781	750	764	immunostaining	T059	C0487602
28089781	768	777	determine	T052	C1880355
28089781	778	782	mRNA	T045	C1515670
28089781	787	805	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28089781	809	828	antioxidant enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28089781	830	838	Analyses	T062	C0936012
28089781	846	862	hepatic function	T042	C0232741
28089781	867	877	morphology	T080	C0332437
28089781	883	892	performed	T169	C0884358
28089781	898	905	results	T033	C0683954
28089781	906	914	revealed	T080	C0443289
28089781	919	938	genotoxic potential	T081	C0243169
28089781	942	950	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28089781	963	970	confirm	T080	C1456348
28089781	971	993	mitochondrial swelling	T049	C0026244
28089781	1001	1009	increase	T169	C0442805
28089781	1013	1021	positive	T033	C1446409
28089781	1022	1037	TUNEL labelling	T063	C1515232
28089781	1038	1045	induced	T169	C0205263
28089781	1049	1057	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28089781	1070	1077	absence	T169	C0332197
28089781	1081	1090	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28089781	1092	1118	Oxidative stress induction	T043	C1159842
28089781	1123	1132	confirmed	T080	C0521093
28089781	1140	1148	probably	T078	C0750492
28089781	1149	1159	associated	T080	C0332281
28089781	1163	1173	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
28089781	1175	1185	Cell death	T043	C0007587
28089781	1186	1192	events	T051	C0441471
28089781	1201	1206	empty	T080	C1880497
28089781	1207	1221	nuclear spaces	T082	C0521447
28089781	1223	1232	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28089781	1233	1245	degeneration	T046	C0011164
28089781	1247	1254	nuclear	T082	C0521447
28089781	1255	1263	pyknosis	T043	C0333904
28089781	1265	1277	karyorrhexis	T049	C0333732
28089781	1282	1294	karyorrhexis	T049	C0333732
28089781	1295	1306	followed by	T079	C0332283
28089781	1307	1317	karyolysis	T049	C0333732
28089781	1323	1331	observed	T169	C1441672
28089781	1333	1349	Hepatic function	T042	C0232741
28089781	1358	1364	appear	T080	C0700364
28089781	1371	1393	significantly modified	T169	C0392747
28089781	1400	1414	no evidence of	T080	C0332125
28089781	1415	1423	necrosis	T042	C0027540
28089781	1428	1438	suggesting	T078	C1705535
28089781	1445	1455	cell death	T043	C0007587
28089781	1456	1463	pathway	T044	C1704259
28089781	1469	1479	autophagic	T043	C1326207
28089781	1484	1494	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28089781	1496	1505	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28089781	1506	1521	fluoride intake	T033	C4263595
28089781	1525	1531	chosen	T052	C1707391
28089781	1532	1546	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28089781	1554	1563	imbalance	T184	C1397014
28089781	1571	1595	cellular oxidative state	T169	C1442792
28089781	1597	1605	affected	T169	C0392760
28089781	1606	1609	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28089781	1614	1623	disrupted	T080	C0332454
28089781	1624	1644	cellular homeostasis	T043	C2244223
28089781	1652	1663	recommended	T078	C0034866
28089781	1669	1677	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28089781	1705	1724	fresh consideration	T033	C0518609
28089781	1728	1733	light	T033	C3842678
28089781	1741	1754	current study	T062	C2603343

28090727|t|Italian patients with more recent onset of Major Depressive Disorder have a shorter duration of untreated illness
28090727|a|Previous investigation on the duration of untreated illness (DUI) in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) revealed a different latency to first antidepressant treatment, with adverse consequences in terms of outcome for individuals with a longer DUI. Recent reports, moreover, documented a reduced DUI, as observed with the passage of time, in patients with different psychiatric disorders. Hence, the present study was aimed to assess DUI and related variables in a sample of Italian patients with MDD as well as to investigate potential differences in subjects with onset before and after 2000. An overall sample of 188 patients with MDD was assessed through a specific questionnaire investigating DUI and other variables related to the psychopathological onset and latency to first antidepressant treatment, after dividing them in two different subgroups on the basis of their epoch of onset. The whole sample showed a mean DUI of approximately 4.5 years, with patients with more recent onset showing a significantly shorter latency to treatment compared with the other group (27.1±42.6 vs 75.8±105.2 months, P<.05). Other significant differences emerged between the two subgroups, in terms of rates of onset -related stressful events and benzodiazepine prescription, respectively, higher and lower in patients with more recent onset. Our findings indicate a significant DUI reduction in MDD patients whose onset occurred after vs before 2000, along with other relevant differences in terms of onset -related correlates and first pharmacotherapy. Further studies with larger samples are warranted to confirm the present findings in Italy and other countries.
28090727	0	7	Italian	T098	C0337810
28090727	8	16	patients	T101	C0030705
28090727	27	33	recent	T079	C0332185
28090727	34	42	onset of	T080	C0332162
28090727	43	68	Major Depressive Disorder	T048	C1269683
28090727	76	92	shorter duration	T079	C0449238
28090727	96	113	untreated illness	T184	C0221423
28090727	114	122	Previous	T079	C0205156
28090727	123	136	investigation	T058	C0220825
28090727	144	173	duration of untreated illness	T079	C0449238
28090727	175	178	DUI	T079	C0449238
28090727	183	191	patients	T101	C0030705
28090727	197	222	Major Depressive Disorder	T048	C1269683
28090727	224	227	MDD	T048	C1269683
28090727	229	237	revealed	T080	C0443289
28090727	250	257	latency	T080	C0205275
28090727	267	281	antidepressant	T121	C0003289
28090727	282	291	treatment	T061	C0087111
28090727	298	318	adverse consequences	T046	C0879626
28090727	331	338	outcome	T169	C1274040
28090727	343	354	individuals	T098	C0237401
28090727	369	372	DUI	T079	C0449238
28090727	374	380	Recent	T079	C0332185
28090727	381	388	reports	T170	C0684224
28090727	400	410	documented	T058	C1301725
28090727	413	420	reduced	T080	C0392756
28090727	421	424	DUI	T079	C0449238
28090727	447	462	passage of time	T079	C0332311
28090727	467	475	patients	T101	C0030705
28090727	491	512	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
28090727	533	538	study	T062	C2603343
28090727	552	558	assess	T058	C0184514
28090727	559	562	DUI	T079	C0449238
28090727	590	596	sample	T096	C0681850
28090727	600	607	Italian	T098	C0337810
28090727	608	616	patients	T101	C0030705
28090727	622	625	MDD	T048	C1269683
28090727	640	651	investigate	T169	C1292732
28090727	662	673	differences	T080	C1705242
28090727	677	685	subjects	T096	C0681850
28090727	691	696	onset	T080	C0332162
28090727	731	737	sample	T096	C0681850
28090727	745	753	patients	T101	C0030705
28090727	759	762	MDD	T048	C1269683
28090727	767	775	assessed	T052	C1516048
28090727	795	808	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28090727	809	822	investigating	T169	C1292732
28090727	823	826	DUI	T079	C0449238
28090727	862	880	psychopathological	UnknownType	C0544667
28090727	881	886	onset	T080	C0332162
28090727	891	898	latency	T080	C0205275
28090727	908	922	antidepressant	T121	C0003289
28090727	923	932	treatment	T061	C0087111
28090727	971	980	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28090727	988	993	basis	T169	C1527178
28090727	1003	1008	epoch	T079	C1948053
28090727	1012	1017	onset	T080	C0332162
28090727	1029	1035	sample	T096	C0681850
28090727	1045	1049	mean	T081	C0444504
28090727	1050	1053	DUI	T079	C0449238
28090727	1057	1070	approximately	T080	C0332232
28090727	1075	1080	years	T079	C0439234
28090727	1087	1095	patients	T101	C0030705
28090727	1106	1112	recent	T079	C0332185
28090727	1113	1118	onset	T080	C0332162
28090727	1129	1142	significantly	T078	C0750502
28090727	1143	1158	shorter latency	T080	C0205275
28090727	1162	1171	treatment	T061	C0087111
28090727	1196	1201	group	T078	C0441833
28090727	1227	1233	months	T079	C0439231
28090727	1249	1260	significant	T078	C0750502
28090727	1261	1272	differences	T080	C1705242
28090727	1297	1306	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28090727	1320	1325	rates	T081	C1521828
28090727	1329	1334	onset	T080	C0332162
28090727	1344	1360	stressful events	T051	C0038444
28090727	1365	1379	benzodiazepine	T109,T121	C4048284
28090727	1380	1392	prescription	T058	C0033080
28090727	1428	1436	patients	T101	C0030705
28090727	1447	1453	recent	T079	C0332185
28090727	1454	1459	onset	T080	C0332162
28090727	1485	1496	significant	T078	C0750502
28090727	1497	1500	DUI	T079	C0449238
28090727	1501	1510	reduction	T061	C0441610
28090727	1514	1517	MDD	T048	C1269683
28090727	1518	1526	patients	T101	C0030705
28090727	1533	1538	onset	T080	C0332162
28090727	1596	1607	differences	T080	C1705242
28090727	1620	1625	onset	T080	C0332162
28090727	1656	1671	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
28090727	1681	1688	studies	T062	C2603343
28090727	1701	1708	samples	T096	C0681850
28090727	1758	1763	Italy	T083	C0022277
28090727	1774	1783	countries	T083	C0454664

28091359|t|Phyto-oestrogens and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies
28091359|a|Epidemiological studies suggest that soya consumption as a source of phyto-oestrogens and isoflavones may be associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. However, findings have not yet been synthesised for all groups of phyto-oestrogens. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the association between phyto-oestrogens and colorectal cancer risk. Relevant observational studies published up to June 2016 were identified by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. Study-specific relative risks (RR) were pooled in both categorical and dose-response meta-analyses. Out of seventeen identified studies, sixteen were included in the meta-analysis. Comparing the highest with the lowest intake category, inverse associations for phyto-oestrogens overall and by subgroup were observed but were statistically significant in case-controls studies and not in cohort studies. The pooled RR in case-control studies were 0·76 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·84), 0·77 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·85) and 0·70 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·89) for phyto-oestrogens, isoflavones and lignans, respectively, whereas the corresponding pooled RR were 0·95 (95 % CI 0·85, 1·06), 0·94 (95 % CI 0·84, 1·05) and 1·00 (95 % CI 0·64, 1·57) in cohort studies. Dose-response analysis yielded an 8 % reduced risk of colorectal neoplasms for every 20 mg/d increase in isoflavones intake in Asians (pooled RR 0·92; 95 % CI 0·86, 0·97). A non-linear inverse association with colorectal cancer risk was found for lignans intake, but no association for circulating enterolactone concentrations was observed. Thus, study heterogeneity precludes a rigorous conclusion regarding an effect of high exposure to isoflavones on risk of colorectal cancer. Current evidence for an association with lignans exposure is limited. Further prospective studies, particularly evaluating lignans, are warranted to clarify the association between different phyto-oestrogens and colorectal cancer risk.
28091359	0	16	Phyto-oestrogens	T109,T121,T125	C0071011
28091359	21	43	colorectal cancer risk	T033	C4229681
28091359	47	64	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28091359	69	82	dose-response	T038	C0678790
28091359	83	96	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28091359	100	121	observational studies	T062	C1518527
28091359	122	145	Epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
28091359	159	163	soya	T168	C1258091
28091359	164	175	consumption	T052	C2983605
28091359	191	207	phyto-oestrogens	T109,T121,T125	C0071011
28091359	212	223	isoflavones	T109,T121	C0022179
28091359	231	246	associated with	T080	C0332281
28091359	249	261	reduced risk	T078	C0035647
28091359	265	282	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28091359	350	366	phyto-oestrogens	T109,T121,T125	C0071011
28091359	370	383	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28091359	434	450	phyto-oestrogens	T109,T121,T125	C0071011
28091359	455	477	colorectal cancer risk	T033	C4229681
28091359	488	509	observational studies	T062	C1518527
28091359	510	519	published	T170	C1704324
28091359	526	530	June	T079	C3829443
28091359	565	572	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28091359	574	580	EMBASE	T170	C0282574
28091359	585	611	Cochrane Library databases	T170	C0282574
28091359	613	642	Study-specific relative risks	T081	C0242492
28091359	644	646	RR	T081	C0242492
28091359	684	697	dose-response	T038	C0678790
28091359	698	711	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28091359	730	748	identified studies	T062	C2603343
28091359	779	792	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28091359	832	838	intake	T169	C1512806
28091359	849	869	inverse associations	T077	C1708567
28091359	874	890	phyto-oestrogens	T109,T121,T125	C0071011
28091359	906	914	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28091359	938	963	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28091359	967	988	case-controls studies	T062	C0007328
28091359	1000	1014	cohort studies	T081	C0009247
28091359	1027	1029	RR	T081	C0242492
28091359	1033	1053	case-control studies	T062	C0007328
28091359	1146	1162	phyto-oestrogens	T109,T121,T125	C0071011
28091359	1164	1175	isoflavones	T109,T121	C0022179
28091359	1180	1187	lignans	T109	C0064971
28091359	1236	1238	RR	T081	C0242492
28091359	1330	1344	cohort studies	T081	C0009247
28091359	1346	1368	Dose-response analysis	T038	C0678790
28091359	1384	1396	reduced risk	T078	C0035647
28091359	1400	1420	colorectal neoplasms	T191	C0009404
28091359	1451	1462	isoflavones	T109,T121	C0022179
28091359	1463	1469	intake	T169	C1512806
28091359	1473	1479	Asians	T098	C0078988
28091359	1488	1490	RR	T081	C0242492
28091359	1520	1550	non-linear inverse association	T077	C1708567
28091359	1556	1578	colorectal cancer risk	T033	C4229681
28091359	1593	1600	lignans	T109	C0064971
28091359	1601	1607	intake	T169	C1512806
28091359	1644	1657	enterolactone	T121,T125	C0045341
28091359	1658	1672	concentrations	T081	C0392762
28091359	1693	1698	study	T062	C2603343
28091359	1699	1712	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28091359	1725	1744	rigorous conclusion	T078	C1707478
28091359	1768	1781	high exposure	T080	C0332157
28091359	1785	1796	isoflavones	T109,T121	C0022179
28091359	1800	1804	risk	T078	C0035647
28091359	1808	1825	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28091359	1868	1875	lignans	T109	C0064971
28091359	1876	1884	exposure	T080	C0332157
28091359	1905	1924	prospective studies	T062	C0033522
28091359	1950	1957	lignans	T109	C0064971
28091359	2018	2034	phyto-oestrogens	T109,T121,T125	C0071011
28091359	2039	2061	colorectal cancer risk	T033	C4229681

28091653|t|Trivalent f-elements in human saliva: a comprehensive speciation study by time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy and thermodynamic calculations
28091653|a|In the case of oral ingestion of radioactive contaminants, the first contact medium is saliva in the mouth. To gain a first insight into the interaction of radioactive contaminants in human saliva, the speciation of curium (Cm(iii)) and europium (Eu(iii)), i.e., trivalent f-elements, was investigated in different salivary media with time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). The results indicate that these metal cations are primarily complexed with carbonates and phosphates, forming ternary complexes with a possible stoichiometry of 1: 1: 2 (M(iii): carbonate: phosphate). For charge compensation, calcium is also involved in these ternary complexes. In addition to these inorganic components, organic substances, namely α-amylase, show a significant contribution to the speciation of the trivalent f-elements in saliva. This protein is the major enzyme in saliva and catalyzes the hydrolysis of polysaccharides. In this context, the effect of Eu(iii) on the activity of α-amylase was investigated to reveal the potential implication of these metal cations for the in vivo functions of saliva. The results indicate that the enzyme activity is strongly inhibited by the presence of Eu(iii), which is suppressed by an excess of calcium.
28091653	0	20	Trivalent f-elements	T196	C0013879
28091653	24	29	human	T016	C0086418
28091653	30	36	saliva	T031	C0036087
28091653	40	70	comprehensive speciation study	T062	C2603343
28091653	74	127	time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy	T059	C0242506
28091653	132	158	thermodynamic calculations	T059	C0201805
28091653	174	188	oral ingestion	T038	C0232478
28091653	192	216	radioactive contaminants	T167	C2827365
28091653	228	242	contact medium	T081	C0439536
28091653	246	252	saliva	T031	C0036087
28091653	260	265	mouth	T030	C0226896
28091653	300	311	interaction	T169	C1704675
28091653	315	339	radioactive contaminants	T167	C2827365
28091653	343	348	human	T016	C0086418
28091653	349	355	saliva	T031	C0036087
28091653	361	371	speciation	T067	C1254366
28091653	375	381	curium	T196	C0010473
28091653	383	390	Cm(iii)	T196	C0010473
28091653	396	404	europium	T196	C0015180
28091653	406	413	Eu(iii)	T196	C0015180
28091653	422	442	trivalent f-elements	T196	C0013879
28091653	448	460	investigated	T169	C1292732
28091653	474	488	salivary media	T082	C0442040
28091653	494	547	time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy	T059	C0242506
28091653	549	554	TRLFS	T059	C0242506
28091653	561	577	results indicate	T078	C3146298
28091653	589	602	metal cations	T104	C0007447
28091653	617	626	complexed	T070	C1254365
28091653	632	642	carbonates	T109,T121	C0007026
28091653	647	657	phosphates	T121,T197	C0031603
28091653	667	684	ternary complexes	T104	C1254350
28091653	701	714	stoichiometry	T081	C0597526
28091653	735	744	carbonate	T109,T121	C0007026
28091653	746	755	phosphate	T121,T197	C0031603
28091653	762	768	charge	T081	C0007961
28091653	783	790	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28091653	817	834	ternary complexes	T104	C1254350
28091653	857	877	inorganic components	T197	C0021521
28091653	879	897	organic substances	T109	C0029224
28091653	906	915	α-amylase	T116,T121,T126	C0002245
28091653	924	935	significant	T078	C0750502
28091653	936	948	contribution	T052	C1880177
28091653	956	966	speciation	T067	C1254366
28091653	974	994	trivalent f-elements	T196	C0013879
28091653	998	1004	saliva	T031	C0036087
28091653	1011	1018	protein	T116,T121,T126	C0002245
28091653	1032	1038	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28091653	1042	1048	saliva	T031	C0036087
28091653	1053	1062	catalyzes	T070	C0007382
28091653	1067	1077	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
28091653	1081	1096	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
28091653	1119	1125	effect	T080	C1280500
28091653	1129	1136	Eu(iii)	T196	C0015180
28091653	1144	1152	activity	T044	C0243102
28091653	1156	1165	α-amylase	T116,T121,T126	C0002245
28091653	1170	1182	investigated	T169	C1292732
28091653	1228	1241	metal cations	T104	C0007447
28091653	1250	1267	in vivo functions	T070	C1254365
28091653	1271	1277	saliva	T031	C0036087
28091653	1283	1299	results indicate	T078	C3146298
28091653	1309	1324	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
28091653	1328	1346	strongly inhibited	T080	C0311403
28091653	1354	1362	presence	T080	C3854307
28091653	1366	1373	Eu(iii)	T196	C0015180
28091653	1384	1394	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28091653	1401	1407	excess	T080	C1979886
28091653	1411	1418	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675

28091848|t|A novel combination treatment to stimulate bone healing and regeneration under hypoxic conditions: photobiomodulation and melatonin
28091848|a|Melatonin has anabolic effects on the bone, even under hypoxia, and laser irradiation has been shown to improve osteoblastic differentiation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether laser irradiation and melatonin would have synergistic effects on osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization under hypoxic conditions. MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to 1% oxygen tension for the hypoxia condition. The cells were divided into four groups: G1 - osteoblast differentiation medium only (as the hypoxic condition), G2 - treatment with 50 μM melatonin only, G3 - laser irradiation (808 nm, 80 mW, GaAlAs diode) only, and G4 - treatment with 50 μM melatonin and laser irradiation (808 nm, 80 mW, GaAlAs diode). Immunoblotting showed that osterix expression was markedly increased in the melatonin - treated and laser-irradiated cells at 48 and 72 h. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased and continued to rise throughout the experiment. Alizarin Red staining showed markedly increased mineralized nodules as compared with only melatonin - treated or laser-irradiated cells at day 7, which significantly increased by day 14. Moreover, when melatonin - treated cells were laser-irradiated, the differentiation and mineralization of cells were found to involve p38 MAPK and PRKD1 signaling mechanisms. However, the enhanced effects of laser irradiation with melatonin were markedly inhibited when the cells were treated with luzindole, a selective melatonin receptor antagonist. Therefore, we concluded that laser irradiation could promote the effect of melatonin on the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells under hypoxic conditions, and that this process is mediated through melatonin 1/2 receptors and PKRD / p38 signaling pathways.
28091848	2	7	novel	T080	C0205314
28091848	20	29	treatment	T169	C1522326
28091848	33	42	stimulate	T061	C1292856
28091848	43	55	bone healing	T033	C1321023
28091848	60	72	regeneration	T042	C0005972
28091848	79	97	hypoxic conditions	T046	C0242184
28091848	99	117	photobiomodulation	T061	C4019433
28091848	122	131	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28091848	132	141	Melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28091848	146	162	anabolic effects	T039	C3179309
28091848	170	174	bone	T024	C0391978
28091848	187	194	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28091848	200	217	laser irradiation	T061	C0871799
28091848	244	272	osteoblastic differentiation	T043	C1159974
28091848	278	281	aim	T078	C1947946
28091848	290	295	study	T062	C2603343
28091848	303	314	investigate	T169	C1292732
28091848	323	340	laser irradiation	T061	C0871799
28091848	345	354	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28091848	366	377	synergistic	T080	C2986495
28091848	378	385	effects	T080	C1280500
28091848	389	417	osteoblastic differentiation	T043	C1159974
28091848	422	436	mineralization	T042	C2350989
28091848	443	461	hypoxic conditions	T046	C0242184
28091848	463	477	MC3T3-E1 cells	T025	C0007634
28091848	497	511	oxygen tension	T033	C0860755
28091848	520	537	hypoxia condition	T046	C0242184
28091848	543	548	cells	T025	C0007634
28091848	572	578	groups	T078	C0441833
28091848	580	582	G1	T078	C0441833
28091848	585	611	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
28091848	612	618	medium	T130	C0010454
28091848	632	649	hypoxic condition	T046	C0242184
28091848	652	654	G2	T078	C0441833
28091848	657	666	treatment	T169	C1522326
28091848	678	687	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28091848	694	696	G3	T078	C0441833
28091848	699	716	laser irradiation	T061	C0871799
28091848	733	745	GaAlAs diode	T074	C0392255
28091848	757	759	G4	T078	C0441833
28091848	762	771	treatment	T169	C1522326
28091848	783	792	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28091848	797	814	laser irradiation	T061	C0871799
28091848	831	843	GaAlAs diode	T074	C0392255
28091848	846	860	Immunoblotting	T059	C0020985
28091848	873	880	osterix	T116	C1312518
28091848	881	891	expression	T045	C1171362
28091848	905	914	increased	T081	C0205217
28091848	922	931	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28091848	934	941	treated	T169	C1522326
28091848	946	962	laser-irradiated	T061	C0871799
28091848	963	968	cells	T025	C0007634
28091848	998	1018	alkaline phosphatase	T116,T126	C0002059
28091848	1019	1027	activity	T052	C0441655
28091848	1042	1051	increased	T081	C0205217
28091848	1056	1065	continued	T078	C0549178
28091848	1089	1099	experiment	T062	C0681814
28091848	1101	1122	Alizarin Red staining	T059	C1318906
28091848	1139	1148	increased	T081	C0205217
28091848	1149	1160	mineralized	T042	C2350989
28091848	1161	1168	nodules	T046	C0035441
28091848	1191	1200	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28091848	1203	1210	treated	T169	C1522326
28091848	1214	1230	laser-irradiated	T061	C0871799
28091848	1231	1236	cells	T025	C0007634
28091848	1267	1276	increased	T081	C0205217
28091848	1303	1312	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28091848	1315	1322	treated	T169	C1522326
28091848	1323	1328	cells	T025	C0007634
28091848	1334	1350	laser-irradiated	T061	C0871799
28091848	1356	1371	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28091848	1376	1390	mineralization	T042	C2350989
28091848	1394	1399	cells	T025	C0007634
28091848	1422	1430	p38 MAPK	T116,T126	C1120843
28091848	1435	1440	PRKD1	T116,T126	C2987025
28091848	1441	1461	signaling mechanisms	T043	C0037083
28091848	1476	1484	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28091848	1485	1495	effects of	T080	C1704420
28091848	1496	1513	laser irradiation	T061	C0871799
28091848	1519	1528	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28091848	1543	1552	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28091848	1562	1567	cells	T025	C0007634
28091848	1573	1580	treated	T169	C1522326
28091848	1586	1595	luzindole	T109	C0065275
28091848	1609	1638	melatonin receptor antagonist	T121	C2917356
28091848	1669	1686	laser irradiation	T061	C0871799
28091848	1705	1714	effect of	T080	C1704420
28091848	1715	1724	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28091848	1732	1747	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28091848	1752	1766	mineralization	T042	C2350989
28091848	1770	1784	MC3T3-E1 cells	T025	C0007634
28091848	1791	1809	hypoxic conditions	T046	C0242184
28091848	1853	1876	melatonin 1/2 receptors	T116,T192	C0065911
28091848	1881	1885	PKRD	T116,T126	C2987025
28091848	1888	1891	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
28091848	1892	1910	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080

28092112|t|Aquaporin-2 excretion in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: Relation to development of renal insufficiency and mortality
28092112|a|Urinary aquaporin-2 (AQP2) is a parameter of water transport in the principal cells in the distal part of the nephron and involved in water retention in cirrhosis and may be a marker of renal function. The aim of the study was to evaluate AQP2 as a predictor of renal insufficiency and death in patients with cirrhosis. Urine samples from 199 patients (90 patients without organ failure [Group 1], 58 patients with organ failure excluding renal failure [Group 2], and 51 patients with organ failure including renal failure [Group 3]) from the CANONIC study were analyzed for urine AQP2 and urine osmolality. There was no difference in AQP2 between the three groups. Urine osmolality was significantly lower in patients in Group 3 versus Group 1 and Group 2 (P = 0.0004). No relation was found between AQP2 and glomerular filtration rate or creatinine; however, AQP2 was a significant predictor of the development of renal insufficiency (P = 0.0485). In a univariate analysis, AQP2 was a significant predictor of 14 and 28-day survival, but this was not confirmed in multivariate analysis. Aquaporin-2 was not associated with disease severity or markers of renal function but was a predictor for the development of renal insufficiency and death. Therefore, its future use as marker of renal insufficiency could be promising, but further research is needed before it can be considered a clinical useful tool.
28092112	0	11	Aquaporin-2	T116,T123	C0213238
28092112	12	21	excretion	T042	C1373187
28092112	25	46	hospitalized patients	T101	C0870668
28092112	52	61	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
28092112	75	86	development	T169	C1527148
28092112	90	109	renal insufficiency	T047	C1565489
28092112	114	123	mortality	T081	C0205848
28092112	124	131	Urinary	T080	C1524119
28092112	132	143	aquaporin-2	T116,T123	C0213238
28092112	145	149	AQP2	T116,T123	C0213238
28092112	169	184	water transport	T043	C1159571
28092112	192	207	principal cells	T025	C0007634
28092112	215	226	distal part	T029	C0005898
28092112	234	241	nephron	T023	C0027713
28092112	258	273	water retention	T040	C2584327
28092112	277	286	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
28092112	300	306	marker	T201	C0005516
28092112	310	324	renal function	T042	C0232804
28092112	330	333	aim	T078	C1947946
28092112	341	346	study	T062	C2603343
28092112	363	367	AQP2	T116,T123	C0213238
28092112	373	382	predictor	T170	C0683956
28092112	386	405	renal insufficiency	T047	C1565489
28092112	410	415	death	T040	C0011065
28092112	419	427	patients	T101	C0030705
28092112	433	442	cirrhosis	T047	C1623038
28092112	444	457	Urine samples	T031	C1610733
28092112	467	475	patients	T101	C0030705
28092112	480	488	patients	T101	C0030705
28092112	497	510	organ failure	T184	C0349410
28092112	512	519	Group 1	UnknownType	C0681860
28092112	525	533	patients	T101	C0030705
28092112	539	552	organ failure	T184	C0349410
28092112	563	576	renal failure	T047	C0035078
28092112	578	585	Group 2	UnknownType	C0681860
28092112	595	603	patients	T101	C0030705
28092112	609	622	organ failure	T184	C0349410
28092112	633	646	renal failure	T047	C0035078
28092112	648	655	Group 3	UnknownType	C0681860
28092112	667	680	CANONIC study	T062	C2603343
28092112	699	704	urine	T031	C0042036
28092112	705	709	AQP2	T116,T123	C0213238
28092112	714	730	urine osmolality	T201	C0086741
28092112	742	755	no difference	T033	C3842396
28092112	759	763	AQP2	T116,T123	C0213238
28092112	782	788	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28092112	790	806	Urine osmolality	T201	C0086741
28092112	811	830	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28092112	834	842	patients	T101	C0030705
28092112	846	853	Group 3	UnknownType	C0681860
28092112	861	868	Group 1	UnknownType	C0681860
28092112	873	880	Group 2	UnknownType	C0681860
28092112	895	906	No relation	T033	C1513916
28092112	925	929	AQP2	T116,T123	C0213238
28092112	934	960	glomerular filtration rate	T060	C0017654
28092112	964	974	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28092112	985	989	AQP2	T116,T123	C0213238
28092112	1008	1017	predictor	T170	C0683956
28092112	1025	1036	development	T169	C1527148
28092112	1040	1059	renal insufficiency	T047	C1565489
28092112	1079	1098	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28092112	1100	1104	AQP2	T116,T123	C0213238
28092112	1123	1132	predictor	T170	C0683956
28092112	1150	1158	survival	T169	C0220921
28092112	1190	1211	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28092112	1213	1224	Aquaporin-2	T116,T123	C0213238
28092112	1249	1265	disease severity	T080	C0521117
28092112	1269	1276	markers	T080	C0008963
28092112	1280	1294	renal function	T042	C0232804
28092112	1305	1314	predictor	T170	C0683956
28092112	1323	1334	development	T169	C1527148
28092112	1338	1357	renal insufficiency	T047	C1565489
28092112	1362	1367	death	T040	C0011065
28092112	1398	1404	marker	T201	C0005516
28092112	1408	1427	renal insufficiency	T047	C1565489
28092112	1460	1468	research	T062	C0035168
28092112	1509	1517	clinical	T080	C0205210

28092340|t|Decompression Surgery Alone Versus Decompression Plus Fusion in Symptomatic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Swiss Prospective Multi-center Cohort Study with 3 Years of Follow-up
28092340|a|Retrospective analysis of a prospective, multicenter cohort study. To estimate the added effect of surgical fusion as compared to decompression surgery alone in symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis patients with spondylolisthesis. The optimal surgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis patients with spondylolisthesis remains controversial. Patients of the LSOS with confirmed DLSS and spondylolisthesis were enrolled in this study. The outcomes of this study were Spinal Stenosis Measure (SSM) symptoms (score range 1-5, best-worst) and function (1-4) over time, measured at baseline, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months follow-up. In order to quantify the effect of fusion surgery as compared to decompression alone and number of decompressed levels, we used mixed effects models and accounted for the repeated observations in main outcomes (SSM symptoms and SSM function) over time. In addition to individual patients ' random effects, we also fitted random slopes for follow-up time points and compared these two approaches with Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) and the chi-squared test. Confounders were adjusted with fixed effects for age, gender, BMI, diabetes, CIRS musculoskeletal disorders and duration of symptoms. One hundred and thirty-one patients undergoing decompression surgery alone (n = 85) or decompression plus fusion surgery (n = 46) were included in this study. In the multiple mixed effects model the adjusted effect of fusion versus decompression alone surgery on SSM symptoms was 0.06 (95% confidence interval, CI: -0.16 to 0.27) and -0.07 (95% CI: -0.25 to 0.10) on SSM function, respectively. Among the patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis our study confirms that in the two groups, decompression alone and decompression plus fusion, patients distinctively benefited from surgical treatment. When adjusted for confounders, fusion surgery was not associated with a more favorable outcome in both SSM scores as compared to decompression alone surgery. 3.
28092340	0	21	Decompression Surgery	T061	C0408670
28092340	35	48	Decompression	T061	C0408670
28092340	54	60	Fusion	T061	C0919636
28092340	64	75	Symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28092340	76	98	Lumbar Spinal Stenosis	T047	C0158288
28092340	102	107	Swiss	T098	C0241315
28092340	108	145	Prospective Multi-center Cohort Study	T062	C1709709
28092340	153	158	Years	T079	C0439234
28092340	162	171	Follow-up	T062	C0016441
28092340	172	194	Retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
28092340	200	237	prospective, multicenter cohort study	T062	C1709709
28092340	261	267	effect	T080	C1280500
28092340	271	286	surgical fusion	T061	C0919636
28092340	302	323	decompression surgery	T061	C0408670
28092340	333	344	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28092340	345	367	lumbar spinal stenosis	T047	C0158288
28092340	368	376	patients	T101	C0030705
28092340	382	399	spondylolisthesis	T047	C0038016
28092340	405	432	optimal surgical management	T058	C1515089
28092340	436	458	lumbar spinal stenosis	T047	C0158288
28092340	459	467	patients	T101	C0030705
28092340	473	490	spondylolisthesis	T047	C0038016
28092340	514	522	Patients	T101	C0030705
28092340	530	534	LSOS	T062	C0543472
28092340	550	554	DLSS	T047	C0410636
28092340	559	576	spondylolisthesis	T047	C0038016
28092340	599	604	study	T077	C1706256
28092340	610	618	outcomes	T062	C0086750
28092340	627	632	study	T077	C1706256
28092340	638	653	Spinal Stenosis	T020	C0037944
28092340	638	661	Spinal Stenosis Measure	T081	C0392762
28092340	663	666	SSM	T081	C0392762
28092340	668	676	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28092340	678	689	score range	T081	C0449820
28092340	711	719	function	T169	C0542341
28092340	726	735	over time	T079	C0040223
28092340	737	745	measured	T080	C0444706
28092340	749	757	baseline	T081	C1442488
28092340	776	782	months	T079	C0439231
28092340	783	792	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28092340	806	814	quantify	T081	C1709793
28092340	819	825	effect	T080	C1280500
28092340	829	843	fusion surgery	T061	C0919636
28092340	859	872	decompression	T061	C0408670
28092340	883	912	number of decompressed levels	T033	C0243095
28092340	928	935	effects	T080	C1280500
28092340	936	942	models	T075	C0026336
28092340	965	986	repeated observations	T062	C0302523
28092340	995	1003	outcomes	T062	C0086750
28092340	1005	1008	SSM	T081	C0392762
28092340	1009	1017	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28092340	1022	1025	SSM	T081	C0392762
28092340	1026	1034	function	T169	C0542341
28092340	1036	1045	over time	T079	C0040223
28092340	1073	1081	patients	T101	C0030705
28092340	1084	1098	random effects	T080	C1280500
28092340	1108	1128	fitted random slopes	T081	C0807955
28092340	1133	1142	follow-up	T033	C0589120
28092340	1143	1154	time points	T079	C0439547
28092340	1178	1188	approaches	T169	C1292724
28092340	1194	1224	Akaike's Information Criterion	T170	C0282574
28092340	1226	1229	AIC	T170	C0282574
28092340	1239	1255	chi-squared test	T170	C0237913
28092340	1257	1268	Confounders	T169	C0009673
28092340	1288	1301	fixed effects	T080	C1280500
28092340	1306	1309	age	T032	C0001779
28092340	1311	1317	gender	T032	C0079399
28092340	1319	1322	BMI	T201	C1305855
28092340	1324	1332	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28092340	1334	1338	CIRS	T081,T170	C0681889
28092340	1339	1364	musculoskeletal disorders	T047	C0026857
28092340	1369	1377	duration	T109,T121	C2926735
28092340	1381	1389	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28092340	1418	1426	patients	T101	C0030705
28092340	1438	1459	decompression surgery	T061	C0408670
28092340	1478	1491	decompression	T061	C0408670
28092340	1497	1511	fusion surgery	T061	C0919636
28092340	1543	1548	study	T077	C1706256
28092340	1557	1579	multiple mixed effects	T080	C1280500
28092340	1580	1585	model	T075	C0026336
28092340	1599	1605	effect	T080	C1280500
28092340	1609	1615	fusion	T061	C0919636
28092340	1623	1650	decompression alone surgery	T061	C0408670
28092340	1654	1657	SSM	T081	C0392762
28092340	1658	1666	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28092340	1681	1700	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28092340	1702	1704	CI	T081	C0009667
28092340	1736	1738	CI	T081	C0009667
28092340	1758	1761	SSM	T081	C0392762
28092340	1762	1770	function	T169	C0542341
28092340	1796	1804	patients	T101	C0030705
28092340	1810	1845	degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis	T047	C0410636
28092340	1850	1867	spondylolisthesis	T047	C0038016
28092340	1872	1877	study	T077	C1706256
28092340	1903	1909	groups	T078	C0441833
28092340	1911	1924	decompression	T061	C0408670
28092340	1935	1948	decompression	T061	C0408670
28092340	1954	1960	fusion	T061	C0919636
28092340	1962	1970	patients	T101	C0030705
28092340	2000	2018	surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
28092340	2038	2049	confounders	T169	C0009673
28092340	2051	2065	fusion surgery	T061	C0919636
28092340	2074	2089	associated with	T080	C0332281
28092340	2107	2114	outcome	T062	C0086750
28092340	2123	2133	SSM scores	T081	C0392762
28092340	2149	2176	decompression alone surgery	T061	C0408670

28092486|t|Use of polyclonal / monoclonal antibody therapies in transplantation
28092486|a|For over thirty years, antibody (mAb)-based therapies have been a standard component of transplant immunosuppression, and yet much remains to be learned in order for us to truly harness their therapeutic capabilities. Current mAbs used in transplant directly target and destroy graft-destructive immune cells, interrupt cytokine and costimulation -dependent T and B cell activation, and prevent down-stream complement activation. Areas covered: This review summarizes our current approaches to using antibody-based therapies to prevent and treat allograft rejection. It also provides examples of promising novel mAb therapies, and discusses the potential for future mAb development in transplantation. Expert opinion: The broad capability of antibodies, in parallel with our growing ability to synthetically modulate them, offers exciting opportunities to develop better biologic therapeutics. In order to do so, we must further our understanding about the basic biology underlying allograft rejection, and gain better appreciation of how characteristics of therapeutic antibodies affect their efficacy.
28092486	0	6	Use of	T169	C1524063
28092486	7	17	polyclonal	T061	C0281176
28092486	20	49	monoclonal antibody therapies	T061	C0279694
28092486	53	68	transplantation	T061	C0040732
28092486	92	122	antibody (mAb)-based therapies	T061	C0279694
28092486	157	185	transplant immunosuppression	T061	C0599989
28092486	261	285	therapeutic capabilities	T169	C0039798
28092486	295	299	mAbs	T116,T129	C0003250
28092486	308	318	transplant	T061	C0040732
28092486	328	334	target	T169	C0205245
28092486	339	346	destroy	T169	C0205245
28092486	347	377	graft-destructive immune cells	T025	C0312740
28092486	389	397	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28092486	402	415	costimulation	T043	C1622567
28092486	427	428	T	T043	C2259065
28092486	433	450	B cell activation	T043	C2259068
28092486	456	463	prevent	T080	C2700409
28092486	464	497	down-stream complement activation	T044	C0009528
28092486	519	525	review	T170	C0282443
28092486	549	559	approaches	T169	C1292724
28092486	569	593	antibody-based therapies	T061	C0281176
28092486	597	604	prevent	T080	C2700409
28092486	609	614	treat	T169	C1522326
28092486	615	634	allograft rejection	T169	C2984265
28092486	681	694	mAb therapies	T061	C0279694
28092486	735	738	mAb	T116,T129	C0003250
28092486	739	750	development	T169	C1527148
28092486	754	769	transplantation	T061	C0040732
28092486	797	807	capability	T080	C2698977
28092486	811	821	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28092486	844	859	growing ability	T039	C0220844
28092486	863	876	synthetically	T169	C0205245
28092486	877	885	modulate	T169	C0205245
28092486	940	961	biologic therapeutics	T061	C0087111
28092486	1032	1039	biology	T080	C0205460
28092486	1051	1070	allograft rejection	T169	C2984265
28092486	1108	1123	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28092486	1127	1138	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28092486	1139	1149	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28092486	1163	1171	efficacy	T080	C1280519

28092734|t|Combined utilization of nutrients and sugar derived from wheat bran for d-Lactate fermentation by Sporolactobacillus inulinus YBS1-5
28092734|a|To decrease d-Lactate production cost, wheat bran, a low - cost waste of milling industry, was selected as the sole feedstock. First, the nutrients were recovered from wheat bran by acid protease hydrolysis. Then, cellulosic hydrolysates were prepared from protease -treated samples after acid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification. The combined use of nutrients and hydrolysates as nitrogen and carbon sources for fermentation by S. inulinus YB1-5 resulted in d-Lactate levels of 99.5g/L, with an average production efficiency of 1.94g/L/h and a yield of 0.89g/g glucose. Moreover, fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process at 40°C, 20% (w/v) solid loading and 20FPU/g solid cellulase concentration was obtained. d-Lactate concentrations, yield, productivity, and optical purity were 87.3g/L, 0.65g/g glucose, 0.81g/L/h and 99.1%, respectively. This study provided a feasible procedure that can help produce cellulosic d-Lactate using agricultural waste without external nutrient supplementation.
28092734	0	8	Combined	T080	C0205195
28092734	9	20	utilization	T169	C0042153
28092734	24	33	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28092734	38	43	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
28092734	44	51	derived	T080	C1441547
28092734	57	67	wheat bran	T168	C0043138
28092734	72	81	d-Lactate	T109	C0522080
28092734	82	94	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28092734	98	132	Sporolactobacillus inulinus YBS1-5	T007	C0995848
28092734	136	144	decrease	T081	C0547047
28092734	145	154	d-Lactate	T109	C0522080
28092734	155	165	production	T057	C0033268
28092734	166	170	cost	T081	C0010186
28092734	172	182	wheat bran	T168	C0043138
28092734	186	189	low	T080	C0205251
28092734	192	196	cost	T081	C0010186
28092734	197	202	waste	T167	C0043045
28092734	206	213	milling	T073	C0599997
28092734	214	222	industry	T057	C0021267
28092734	271	280	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28092734	286	300	recovered from	T080	C0521108
28092734	301	311	wheat bran	T168	C0043138
28092734	315	319	acid	T103	C0001128
28092734	320	328	protease	T116,T126	C1947941
28092734	329	339	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
28092734	347	370	cellulosic hydrolysates	T109	C0029224
28092734	390	398	protease	T116,T126	C1947941
28092734	408	415	samples	T167	C0370003
28092734	422	426	acid	T103	C0001128
28092734	427	439	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
28092734	444	453	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28092734	454	470	saccharification	T070	C0020291
28092734	476	484	combined	T080	C0205195
28092734	492	501	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28092734	506	518	hydrolysates	T109	C0029224
28092734	522	530	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28092734	535	541	carbon	T196	C0007009
28092734	542	549	sources	T033	C0449416
28092734	554	566	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28092734	570	587	S. inulinus YB1-5	T007	C0995848
28092734	600	609	d-Lactate	T109	C0522080
28092734	645	655	production	T057	C0033268
28092734	656	666	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28092734	703	710	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28092734	732	744	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28092734	745	761	saccharification	T070	C0020291
28092734	766	778	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28092734	779	786	process	T067	C1522240
28092734	806	811	solid	T167	C0302909
28092734	838	847	cellulase	T116,T121,T126	C0007641
28092734	848	861	concentration	T081	C1446561
28092734	876	885	d-Lactate	T109	C0522080
28092734	886	900	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28092734	909	921	productivity	T081	C0033269
28092734	927	934	optical	T070	C2350474
28092734	935	941	purity	T081	C1882508
28092734	964	971	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28092734	1071	1081	cellulosic	T109,T123	C0007648
28092734	1082	1091	d-Lactate	T109	C0522080
28092734	1098	1110	agricultural	T090	C0001829
28092734	1111	1116	waste	T167	C0043045
28092734	1117	1124	without	T080	C0332288
28092734	1125	1133	external	T082	C0205101
28092734	1134	1158	nutrient supplementation	T168	C0242295

28092835|t|Effects of the central potassium ions on the G-quadruplex and stabilizer binding
28092835|a|Human telomeres undertake the structure of intra-molecular parallel G-quadruplex in the presence of K(+) in eukaryotic cell. Stabilization of the telomere G-quadruplex represents a potential strategy to prevent telomere lengthening by telomerase in cancer therapy. Current work demonstrates that the binding of central K(+) with the parallel G-quadruplex is a coordinated water directed step-wise process. The K(+) above the top G-tetrad is prone to leak into environment and the 5'-adenine quickly flips over the top G-tetrad, leading to the bottom gate of G-tetrads as the only viable pathway of K(+) binding. Present molecular dynamics studies on the two most potent stabilizers RHPS4 and BRACO-19 reveal that the central K(+) has little influence on the binding conformations of the bound stabilizers. But without the central K(+), either RHPS4 or BRACO-19 cannot stabilize the structure of G-quadruplex. The binding strength of stabilizers evaluated by the MM-PBSA method follows the order of BRACO-19 > RHPS4, which agrees with the experimental results. The difference in binding affinities between RHPS4 and BRACO-19 is probably related to the ability to form intramolecular hydrogen bonds and favorable van del Waals interactions with G-quadruplex. In the models that have one central K(+) located at the upper / lower binding site, the corresponding top / bottom stacked stabilizers show more favorable binding affinities, indicating the apparent promoting effect of central K(+) on the stabilizer binding. Our findings provide further insights into the regulatory effect of K(+) on the G-quadruplex targeted binding, which is meaningful to the development of G-quadruplex stabilizers.
28092835	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28092835	15	22	central	T082	C0205099
28092835	23	37	potassium ions	T121,T196	C0597277
28092835	45	57	G-quadruplex	T086	C1517336
28092835	62	72	stabilizer	T121	C1254351
28092835	73	80	binding	T052	C1145667
28092835	81	86	Human	T016	C0086418
28092835	87	96	telomeres	T026	C0085187
28092835	111	139	structure of intra-molecular	T104	C1254350
28092835	149	161	G-quadruplex	T086	C1517336
28092835	169	177	presence	T033	C0150312
28092835	181	185	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
28092835	189	204	eukaryotic cell	T025	C0015161
28092835	206	219	Stabilization	T169	C0205245
28092835	227	235	telomere	T026	C0085187
28092835	236	248	G-quadruplex	T086	C1517336
28092835	262	271	potential	T080	C3245505
28092835	284	291	prevent	T169	C1292733
28092835	292	312	telomere lengthening	T043	C3178816
28092835	316	326	telomerase	T116,T126	C0087071
28092835	330	344	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
28092835	359	371	demonstrates	T052	C3687625
28092835	381	388	binding	T052	C1145667
28092835	392	399	central	T082	C0205099
28092835	400	404	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
28092835	423	435	G-quadruplex	T086	C1517336
28092835	441	452	coordinated	T169	C0700114
28092835	453	458	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28092835	468	485	step-wise process	T067	C1522240
28092835	491	495	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
28092835	506	509	top	T082	C1704458
28092835	510	518	G-tetrad	T086	C1517336
28092835	531	535	leak	T169	C0332234
28092835	541	552	environment	T082	C1254362
28092835	561	571	5'-adenine	T114,T123	C0001407
28092835	580	585	flips	T052	C3266814
28092835	595	598	top	T082	C1704458
28092835	599	607	G-tetrad	T086	C1517336
28092835	624	630	bottom	T082	C1511276
28092835	639	648	G-tetrads	T086	C1517336
28092835	668	675	pathway	T077	C1705987
28092835	679	683	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
28092835	684	691	binding	T052	C1145667
28092835	701	719	molecular dynamics	T044	C0596957
28092835	720	727	studies	T062	C2603343
28092835	751	762	stabilizers	T121	C1254351
28092835	763	768	RHPS4	T109,T121	C1098728
28092835	773	781	BRACO-19	T109,T121	C1122261
28092835	798	805	central	T082	C0205099
28092835	806	810	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
28092835	822	831	influence	T077	C4054723
28092835	839	846	binding	T052	C1145667
28092835	847	860	conformations	T082	C0026377
28092835	868	885	bound stabilizers	T121	C1254351
28092835	891	898	without	T080	C0332288
28092835	903	910	central	T082	C0205099
28092835	911	915	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
28092835	924	929	RHPS4	T109,T121	C1098728
28092835	933	941	BRACO-19	T109,T121	C1122261
28092835	949	958	stabilize	T033	C0184512
28092835	963	972	structure	T082	C0678594
28092835	976	988	G-quadruplex	T086	C1517336
28092835	994	1001	binding	T052	C1145667
28092835	1002	1010	strength	T078	C0808080
28092835	1014	1025	stabilizers	T121	C1254351
28092835	1043	1057	MM-PBSA method	T170	C0025663
28092835	1070	1075	order	T080	C1705176
28092835	1079	1087	BRACO-19	T109,T121	C1122261
28092835	1090	1095	RHPS4	T109,T121	C1098728
28092835	1103	1109	agrees	T033	C3641827
28092835	1119	1139	experimental results	T033	C2825142
28092835	1145	1155	difference	T080	C1705242
28092835	1159	1166	binding	T052	C1145667
28092835	1167	1177	affinities	T070	C1510827
28092835	1186	1191	RHPS4	T109,T121	C1098728
28092835	1196	1204	BRACO-19	T109,T121	C1122261
28092835	1217	1224	related	T080	C0439849
28092835	1248	1262	intramolecular	T104	C1254350
28092835	1263	1277	hydrogen bonds	T070	C0020276
28092835	1282	1291	favorable	T080	C3640814
28092835	1292	1318	van del Waals interactions	T067	C2346563
28092835	1324	1336	G-quadruplex	T086	C1517336
28092835	1366	1373	central	T082	C0205099
28092835	1374	1378	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
28092835	1394	1399	upper	T082	C1282910
28092835	1402	1407	lower	T082	C0441994
28092835	1408	1415	binding	T052	C1145667
28092835	1416	1420	site	T082	C0205145
28092835	1440	1443	top	T082	C1704458
28092835	1446	1452	bottom	T082	C1511276
28092835	1461	1472	stabilizers	T121	C1254351
28092835	1483	1492	favorable	T080	C3640814
28092835	1493	1500	binding	T052	C1145667
28092835	1501	1511	affinities	T070	C1510827
28092835	1528	1536	apparent	T078	C0750489
28092835	1537	1546	promoting	T052	C0033414
28092835	1547	1553	effect	T080	C1280500
28092835	1557	1564	central	T082	C0205099
28092835	1565	1569	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
28092835	1577	1587	stabilizer	T121	C1254351
28092835	1588	1595	binding	T052	C1145667
28092835	1601	1609	findings	T169	C2607943
28092835	1610	1617	provide	T052	C1999230
28092835	1644	1654	regulatory	T077	C1704735
28092835	1655	1661	effect	T080	C1280500
28092835	1665	1669	K(+)	T121,T196	C0597277
28092835	1677	1689	G-quadruplex	T086	C1517336
28092835	1690	1698	targeted	T169	C1521840
28092835	1699	1706	binding	T052	C1145667
28092835	1735	1746	development	T169	C1527148
28092835	1750	1762	G-quadruplex	T086	C1517336
28092835	1763	1774	stabilizers	T121	C1254351

28092840|t|Suppressive effect of Spirulina fusiformis on diclofenac - induced hepato-renal injury and gastrointestinal ulcer in Wistar albino rats: A biochemical and histological approach
28092840|a|The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diclofenac causes hepato-renal toxicity and gastric ulcer. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Spirulina fusiformis on Diclofenac - induced toxicity in Wistar albino rats. Rats were treated as follows: normal control (group I); diclofenac (50mg/kgb.w., i.p.) treated rats (group II); diclofenac - induced (50mg/kgb.w., i.p.) rats treated with Spirulina fusiformis (400mg/kgb.w., p.o.) (group III); diclofenac - induced (50mg/kgb.w., i.p.) rats treated with silymarin (25mg/kgb.w., p.o.) (group IV); Spirulina fusiformis (400mg/kgb.w., p.o.) alone treated rats (group V). Biochemical (liver and kidney functional markers) and antioxidant parameters (enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants) were measured in the blood and tissue homogenates of the rats. Evaluation of intestinal ulcer score and assessment of liver and kidney histology were also done. Alterations in the levels of biochemical and antioxidant assays and histopathological changes in liver and kidney proved the toxic effect of diclofenac. The ulcer score was significantly increased in the diclofenac treated rats. Spirulina fusiformis showed to reduce such changes and was able to restore normal antioxidant status in the rats. Our study proves the hepato-renal and gastroprotective activity of Spirulina fusiformis in diclofenac - treated rats.
28092840	0	11	Suppressive	T169	C0205367
28092840	12	18	effect	T080	C1280500
28092840	22	42	Spirulina fusiformis	T109,T121	C0075026
28092840	46	56	diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
28092840	59	66	induced	T169	C0205263
28092840	67	79	hepato-renal	T023	C0545792
28092840	80	86	injury	T037	C3263722
28092840	91	113	gastrointestinal ulcer	T047	C0237938
28092840	117	135	Wistar albino rats	T015	C0034693
28092840	139	150	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28092840	155	176	histological approach	T059	C0019637
28092840	181	217	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug	T121	C0003211
28092840	219	224	NSAID	T121	C0003211
28092840	227	237	diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
28092840	245	257	hepato-renal	T023	C0545792
28092840	258	266	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28092840	271	284	gastric ulcer	T047	C0038358
28092840	302	307	study	T062	C2603343
28092840	315	326	investigate	T169	C1292732
28092840	331	348	protective effect	UnknownType	C0678771
28092840	352	372	Spirulina fusiformis	T109,T121	C0075026
28092840	376	386	Diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
28092840	389	396	induced	T169	C0205263
28092840	397	405	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28092840	409	427	Wistar albino rats	T015	C0034693
28092840	429	433	Rats	T015	C0034693
28092840	439	446	treated	T169	C1522326
28092840	459	473	normal control	T080	C2705716
28092840	475	480	group	T096	C0009932
28092840	485	495	diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
28092840	516	523	treated	T169	C1522326
28092840	524	528	rats	T015	C0034693
28092840	530	535	group	T078	C0441833
28092840	541	551	diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
28092840	554	561	induced	T169	C0205263
28092840	582	586	rats	T015	C0034693
28092840	587	594	treated	T169	C1522326
28092840	600	620	Spirulina fusiformis	T109,T121	C0075026
28092840	643	648	group	T078	C0441833
28092840	655	665	diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
28092840	668	675	induced	T169	C0205263
28092840	696	700	rats	T015	C0034693
28092840	701	708	treated	T169	C1522326
28092840	714	723	silymarin	T109,T121	C0037135
28092840	745	750	group	T078	C0441833
28092840	756	776	Spirulina fusiformis	T109,T121	C0075026
28092840	804	811	treated	T169	C1522326
28092840	812	816	rats	T015	C0034693
28092840	818	823	group	T078	C0441833
28092840	828	839	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
28092840	841	846	liver	T023	C0023884
28092840	851	857	kidney	T023	C0022646
28092840	858	868	functional	T169	C0205245
28092840	869	876	markers	T201	C0005516
28092840	882	893	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28092840	894	904	parameters	T077	C0549193
28092840	906	913	enzymic	T116,T126	C0014442
28092840	918	942	non-enzymic antioxidants	T121	C0003402
28092840	949	957	measured	T080	C0444706
28092840	965	970	blood	T031	C0005767
28092840	975	981	tissue	T024	C0040300
28092840	982	993	homogenates	T072	C3829671
28092840	1001	1005	rats	T015	C0034693
28092840	1007	1017	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28092840	1021	1037	intestinal ulcer	T047	C0237938
28092840	1038	1043	score	T081	C0449820
28092840	1048	1058	assessment	T052	C1516048
28092840	1062	1067	liver	T023	C0023884
28092840	1072	1078	kidney	T023	C0022646
28092840	1079	1088	histology	T091	C0019638
28092840	1105	1116	Alterations	T078	C1515926
28092840	1124	1130	levels	T080	C0441889
28092840	1134	1145	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28092840	1150	1161	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28092840	1162	1168	assays	T059	C0005507
28092840	1173	1190	histopathological	T169	C0243140
28092840	1191	1198	changes	T169	C0392747
28092840	1202	1207	liver	T023	C0023884
28092840	1212	1218	kidney	T023	C0022646
28092840	1230	1242	toxic effect	T037	C0600688
28092840	1246	1256	diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
28092840	1262	1267	ulcer	T047	C0041582
28092840	1268	1273	score	T081	C0449820
28092840	1292	1301	increased	T081	C0205217
28092840	1309	1319	diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
28092840	1320	1327	treated	T169	C1522326
28092840	1328	1332	rats	T015	C0034693
28092840	1334	1354	Spirulina fusiformis	T109,T121	C0075026
28092840	1365	1371	reduce	T080	C0392756
28092840	1377	1384	changes	T169	C0392747
28092840	1416	1427	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28092840	1428	1434	status	T080	C0449438
28092840	1442	1446	rats	T015	C0034693
28092840	1452	1457	study	T062	C2603343
28092840	1469	1481	hepato-renal	T023	C0545792
28092840	1515	1535	Spirulina fusiformis	T109,T121	C0075026
28092840	1539	1549	diclofenac	T109,T121	C0012091
28092840	1552	1559	treated	T169	C1522326
28092840	1560	1564	rats	T015	C0034693

28093376|t|A new angle and its relationship with early fixation failure of femoral neck fractures treated with three cannulated compression screws
28093376|a|The Pauwels angle has been used widely, however an accurate evaluation of this angle is difficult because of deformity of the affected lower extremity. Therefore we designed a new measurement of the orientation of femoral neck fracture and applied this in a retrospective study to assess: (1) its reproducibility, (2) its advantages compared with the Pauwels angle, (3) its relationship with the short-term prognosis treated with three cannulated compression screws. This new measurement is reproducible and has some reference meaning for the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Two hundred and twenty-eight patients with femoral neck fractures treated with three cannulated compression screws were retrospectively analyzed. The VN angle, which was the angle between the fracture line and the vertical of the neck axis, and the Pauwels angle were measured respectively. The method of ICC was performed to assess the reproducibility of the two angles, and the absolute value of difference in pre-operative and post-operative radiographs was used to evaluate the uniformity of the two angles. These fractures were divided into four groups according to VN angle (VN<0° (n=92), 0°≤VN<10° (n=82), 10°≤VN<15° (n=26), VN≥15° (n=28)), and the short-term (within 6 months) fixation results of radiographs in these fractures were evaluated. The ICC of the VN angle and the Pauwels angle in pre-operative radiographs were 0.937 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.922-0.950) and 0.942 respectively (95% CI: 0.914-0.970), indicating both angles had a good inter-rater reproducibility. However, there was a great difference between the Pauwels angle in pre-operative and post-operative radiographs (P=0.037), the absolute difference was 10.66±6.47 (range: 1.72-38.48), while no statistical difference for the VN angle (P=0.084) and the absolute difference was 2.20±1.63 (range: 0.05-7.56). The overall fixation failure rate which was defined as screw loosening, varus collapse, obvious fracture displacement or femoral neck shortening was 11.84%, and the mean failure rates according to VN angles were respectively 0%, 3.24% (95% CI: 1.64-4.84), 22.69% (95% CI: 16.43-28.96), 65.45% (95% CI: 59.36-71.53). The mean failure rates of fractures according to post-operative Pauwels angle (<30°, 30-50°, >50°) were respectively 0%, 1.46% (95% CI: 1.42-1.50) and 36.24% (95% CI: 34.93-37.54). The VN angle has a good inter-rater reproducibility, a higher reliability than the Pauwels angle and is closely related to the short-term prognosis of femoral neck fractures treated with cannulated compression screws. Level IV, retrospective diagnostic study.
28093376	6	11	angle	T082	C0205143
28093376	44	60	fixation failure	T046	C0410837
28093376	64	86	femoral neck fractures	T037	C0015806
28093376	106	135	cannulated compression screws	T074	C0005975
28093376	215	220	angle	T082	C0205143
28093376	245	254	deformity	T190	C0302142
28093376	262	270	affected	T169	C0392760
28093376	271	286	lower extremity	T023	C0023216
28093376	316	327	measurement	T169	C0242485
28093376	335	346	orientation	T082	C1704322
28093376	350	371	femoral neck fracture	T037	C0015806
28093376	394	413	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28093376	433	448	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
28093376	532	552	short-term prognosis	T058	C0033325
28093376	553	560	treated	T169	C1522326
28093376	572	601	cannulated compression screws	T074	C0005975
28093376	612	623	measurement	T169	C0242485
28093376	679	688	treatment	T061	C0087111
28093376	692	714	femoral neck fractures	T037	C0015806
28093376	745	753	patients	T101	C0030705
28093376	759	781	femoral neck fractures	T037	C0015806
28093376	801	830	cannulated compression screws	T074	C0005975
28093376	836	860	retrospectively analyzed	T062	C0936012
28093376	890	895	angle	T082	C0205143
28093376	908	921	fracture line	T082	C1254362
28093376	930	938	vertical	T082	C0205128
28093376	946	955	neck axis	T082	C1522496
28093376	1021	1024	ICC	T081	C1707429
28093376	1053	1068	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
28093376	1080	1086	angles	T082	C0205143
28093376	1128	1141	pre-operative	T079	C0445204
28093376	1146	1160	post-operative	T079	C0032790
28093376	1161	1172	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28093376	1220	1226	angles	T082	C0205143
28093376	1234	1243	fractures	T037	C0016658
28093376	1267	1273	groups	T078	C0441833
28093376	1393	1399	months	T079	C0439231
28093376	1401	1409	fixation	T061	C0016641
28093376	1421	1432	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28093376	1442	1451	fractures	T037	C0016658
28093376	1472	1475	ICC	T081	C1707429
28093376	1517	1530	pre-operative	T079	C0445204
28093376	1531	1542	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28093376	1559	1578	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28093376	1580	1582	CI	T081	C0009667
28093376	1626	1628	CI	T081	C0009667
28093376	1660	1666	angles	T082	C0205143
28093376	1678	1705	inter-rater reproducibility	T080	C1514863
28093376	1774	1787	pre-operative	T079	C0445204
28093376	1792	1806	post-operative	T079	C0032790
28093376	1807	1818	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28093376	2023	2039	fixation failure	T046	C0410837
28093376	2040	2044	rate	T081	C1521828
28093376	2066	2081	screw loosening	T046	C0410830
28093376	2107	2128	fracture displacement	T037	C0585059
28093376	2132	2144	femoral neck	T023	C0015815
28093376	2251	2253	CI	T081	C0009667
28093376	2279	2281	CI	T081	C0009667
28093376	2309	2311	CI	T081	C0009667
28093376	2336	2349	failure rates	T081	C1521828
28093376	2353	2362	fractures	T037	C0016658
28093376	2376	2390	post-operative	T079	C0032790
28093376	2459	2461	CI	T081	C0009667
28093376	2490	2492	CI	T081	C0009667
28093376	2532	2559	inter-rater reproducibility	T080	C1514863
28093376	2635	2655	short-term prognosis	T058	C0033325
28093376	2659	2681	femoral neck fractures	T037	C0015806
28093376	2695	2724	cannulated compression screws	T074	C0005975

28093505|t|Modeling the ferrochelatase c.315-48C modifier mutation for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) in mice
28093505|a|Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is caused by deficiency of ferrochelatase (FECH), which incorporates iron into protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) to form heme. Excitation of accumulated PPIX by light generates oxygen radicals that evoke excessive pain and, after longer light exposure, cause ulcerations in exposed skin areas of individuals with EPP. Moreover, ∼5% of the patients develop a liver dysfunction as a result of PPIX accumulation. Most patients (∼97%) have a severe FECH mutation (Mut) in trans to an intronic polymorphism (c.315-48C), which reduces ferrochelatase synthesis by stimulating the use of an aberrant 3' splice site 63 nt upstream of the normal site for exon 4. In contrast, with the predominant c.315-48T allele, the correct splice site is mostly used, and individuals with a T/Mut genotype do not develop EPP symptoms. Thus, the C allele is a potential target for therapeutic approaches that modify this splicing decision. To provide a model for pre-clinical studies of such approaches, we engineered a mouse containing a partly humanized Fech gene with the c.315-48C polymorphism. F1 hybrids obtained by crossing these mice with another inbred line carrying a severe Fech mutation (named m1Pas) show a very strong EPP phenotype that includes elevated PPIX in the blood, enlargement of liver and spleen, anemia, as well as strong pain reactions and skin lesions after a short period of light exposure. In addition to the expected use of the aberrant splice site, the mice also show a strong skipping of the partly humanized exon 3. This will limit the use of this model for certain applications and illustrates that engineering of a hybrid gene may have unforeseeable consequences on its splicing.
28093505	0	8	Modeling	T062	C0870071
28093505	13	37	ferrochelatase c.315-48C	T028	C1414580
28093505	47	55	mutation	T045	C0026882
28093505	60	89	erythropoietic protoporphyria	T047	C0162568
28093505	91	94	EPP	T047	C0162568
28093505	99	103	mice	T015	C0026809
28093505	104	133	Erythropoietic protoporphyria	T047	C0162568
28093505	135	138	EPP	T047	C0162568
28093505	153	163	deficiency	T080	C1623416
28093505	167	181	ferrochelatase	T116,T126	C0015880
28093505	183	187	FECH	T116,T126	C0015880
28093505	209	213	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28093505	219	236	protoporphyrin IX	T121	C0072497
28093505	238	242	PPIX	T121	C0072497
28093505	252	256	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28093505	258	268	Excitation	T052	C0549255
28093505	284	288	PPIX	T121	C0072497
28093505	292	297	light	T070	C0023693
28093505	308	323	oxygen radicals	T123	C0178645
28093505	335	344	excessive	T080	C0442802
28093505	345	349	pain	T184	C0030193
28093505	361	382	longer light exposure	T051	C1689916
28093505	390	401	ulcerations	T047	C0041582
28093505	413	417	skin	T022	C1123023
28093505	427	438	individuals	T098	C0237401
28093505	444	447	EPP	T047	C0162568
28093505	470	478	patients	T101	C0030705
28093505	489	506	liver dysfunction	T046	C0086565
28093505	522	526	PPIX	T121	C0072497
28093505	527	539	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28093505	546	554	patients	T101	C0030705
28093505	576	580	FECH	T028	C1414580
28093505	581	619	mutation (Mut) in trans to an intronic	T045	C1881249
28093505	620	632	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28093505	634	643	c.315-48C	T028	C1414580
28093505	660	674	ferrochelatase	T116,T126	C0015880
28093505	675	684	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28093505	688	699	stimulating	T070	C1948023
28093505	714	722	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28093505	723	737	3' splice site	T045	C1158733
28093505	738	771	63 nt upstream of the normal site	T086	C1710582
28093505	776	783	exon 4.	T114,T123	C0015295
28093505	806	817	predominant	T080	C1542147
28093505	818	827	c.315-48T	T028	C1414580
28093505	828	834	allele	T028	C0002085
28093505	848	859	splice site	T086	C1711332
28093505	899	904	T/Mut	T045	C0026882
28093505	905	913	genotype	T032	C0017431
28093505	929	932	EPP	T047	C0162568
28093505	933	941	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28093505	953	961	C allele	T028	C0002085
28093505	967	976	potential	T080	C3245505
28093505	977	983	target	T169	C1521840
28093505	988	1010	therapeutic approaches	T061	C0087111
28093505	1028	1036	splicing	T063	C0017387
28093505	1060	1065	model	T170	C3161035
28093505	1070	1090	pre-clinical studies	T062	C0013206
28093505	1127	1132	mouse	T015	C0026809
28093505	1163	1172	Fech gene	T028	C1414580
28093505	1182	1191	c.315-48C	T028	C1414580
28093505	1192	1204	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28093505	1206	1216	F1 hybrids	T001	C0020205
28093505	1244	1248	mice	T015	C0026809
28093505	1262	1273	inbred line	T001	C1512692
28093505	1292	1296	Fech	T028	C1414580
28093505	1297	1305	mutation	T045	C0026882
28093505	1313	1318	m1Pas	T028	C1414580
28093505	1339	1342	EPP	T047	C0162568
28093505	1343	1352	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28093505	1376	1380	PPIX	T121	C0072497
28093505	1388	1393	blood	T031	C0005767
28093505	1395	1426	enlargement of liver and spleen	T033	C1112137
28093505	1428	1434	anemia	T047	C0002871
28093505	1454	1458	pain	T184	C0030193
28093505	1473	1485	skin lesions	T047	C0037284
28093505	1510	1524	light exposure	T051	C1689916
28093505	1565	1573	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28093505	1574	1585	splice site	T086	C1711332
28093505	1591	1595	mice	T015	C0026809
28093505	1648	1654	exon 3	T114,T123	C0015295
28093505	1688	1693	model	T170	C3161035
28093505	1740	1751	engineering	T090	C0014279
28093505	1757	1768	hybrid gene	T028	C0598468
28093505	1792	1804	consequences	T169	C0686907
28093505	1812	1820	splicing	T063	C0017387

28093575|t|Development process of an assessment tool for disruptive behavior problems in cross-cultural settings: the Disruptive Behavior International Scale - Nepal version (DBIS-N)
28093575|a|Systematic processes are needed to develop valid measurement instruments for disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) in cross-cultural settings. We employed a four-step process in Nepal to identify and select items for a culturally valid assessment instrument: 1) We extracted items from validated scales and local free-list interviews. 2) Parents, teachers, and peers (n=30) rated the perceived relevance and importance of behavior problems. 3) Highly rated items were piloted with children (n=60) in Nepal. 4) We evaluated internal consistency of the final scale. We identified 49 symptoms from 11 scales, and 39 behavior problems from free-list interviews (n=72). After dropping items for low ratings of relevance and severity and for poor item-test correlation, low frequency, and/or poor acceptability in pilot testing, 16 items remained for the Disruptive Behavior International Scale-Nepali version (DBIS-N). The final scale had good internal consistency (α=0.86). A 4-step systematic approach to scale development including local participation yielded an internally consistent scale that included culturally relevant behavior problems.
28093575	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
28093575	12	19	process	T067	C1522240
28093575	26	36	assessment	T058	C0220825
28093575	46	74	disruptive behavior problems	T048	C0012734
28093575	78	101	cross-cultural settings	T062	C0010358
28093575	107	146	Disruptive Behavior International Scale	T170	C0282574
28093575	149	154	Nepal	T083	C0027689
28093575	155	162	version	T170	C0333052
28093575	164	170	DBIS-N	T170	C0282574
28093575	172	182	Systematic	T169	C0220922
28093575	183	192	processes	T067	C1522240
28093575	215	220	valid	T080	C2349099
28093575	221	232	measurement	T169	C0242485
28093575	249	278	disruptive behavior disorders	T048	C0012734
28093575	280	284	DBDs	T048	C0012734
28093575	289	312	cross-cultural settings	T062	C0010358
28093575	338	345	process	T067	C1522240
28093575	349	354	Nepal	T083	C0027689
28093575	378	383	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28093575	390	400	culturally	T078	C0010447
28093575	401	406	valid	T080	C2349099
28093575	407	417	assessment	T058	C0220825
28093575	418	428	instrument	T074	C0348000
28093575	446	451	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28093575	467	473	scales	T170	C0349674
28093575	478	483	local	T082	C0205276
28093575	484	493	free-list	T080	C0205556
28093575	494	504	interviews	T052	C0021822
28093575	509	516	Parents	T099	C0030551
28093575	518	526	teachers	T097	C0221457
28093575	532	537	peers	T098	C0679739
28093575	555	564	perceived	T041	C0030971
28093575	565	574	relevance	T080	C2347946
28093575	579	589	importance	T080	C0205556
28093575	593	610	behavior problems	T048	C0233514
28093575	628	633	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28093575	652	660	children	T100	C0008059
28093575	671	676	Nepal	T083	C0027689
28093575	684	693	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28093575	694	714	internal consistency	T081	C0870731
28093575	728	733	scale	T170	C0349674
28093575	752	760	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28093575	769	775	scales	T170	C0349674
28093575	784	801	behavior problems	T048	C0233514
28093575	807	816	free-list	T080	C0205556
28093575	817	827	interviews	T052	C0021822
28093575	842	850	dropping	T052	C1705648
28093575	851	856	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28093575	865	872	ratings	T052	C0871208
28093575	876	885	relevance	T080	C2347946
28093575	890	898	severity	T080	C0439793
28093575	907	911	poor	T080	C0542537
28093575	912	933	item-test correlation	T080	C1707520
28093575	935	948	low frequency	T079	C0205213
28093575	957	961	poor	T080	C0542537
28093575	962	975	acceptability	T080	C0814633
28093575	985	992	testing	T169	C0039593
28093575	997	1002	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28093575	1020	1074	Disruptive Behavior International Scale-Nepali version	T170	C0282574
28093575	1076	1082	DBIS-N	T170	C0282574
28093575	1095	1100	scale	T170	C0349674
28093575	1110	1130	internal consistency	T081	C0870731
28093575	1150	1160	systematic	T169	C0220922
28093575	1173	1178	scale	T170	C0349674
28093575	1179	1190	development	T169	C1527148
28093575	1191	1200	including	T169	C0332257
28093575	1201	1206	local	T082	C0205276
28093575	1207	1220	participation	T169	C0679823
28093575	1232	1253	internally consistent	T081	C0870731
28093575	1254	1259	scale	T170	C0349674
28093575	1265	1273	included	T169	C0332257
28093575	1274	1284	culturally	T078	C0010447
28093575	1285	1293	relevant	T080	C2347946
28093575	1294	1311	behavior problems	T048	C0233514

28093699|t|Anti-Alzheimer's disease activity of compounds from the root bark of Morus alba L
28093699|a|The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) plays important roles in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Among the individual parts of Morus alba L. including root bark, branches, leaves, and fruits, the root bark showed the most potent enzyme inhibitory activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-AD activity of the M. alba root bark and its isolate compounds, including mulberrofuran G (1), albanol B (2), and kuwanon G (3) via inhibition of AChE, BChE, and BACE1. Compounds 1 and 2 showed strong AChE- and BChE-inhibitory activities; 1-3 showed significant BACE1 inhibitory activity. Based on the kinetic study with AChE and BChE, 2 and 3 showed noncompetitive-type inhibition; 1 showed mixed-type inhibition. Moreover, 1-3 showed mixed-type inhibition against BACE1. The molecular docking simulations of 1-3 demonstrated negative binding energies, indicating a high affinity to AChE and BACE1. The hydroxyl group of 1-3 formed hydrogen bond with the amino acid residues located at AChE and BACE1. Consequently, these results indicate that the root bark of M. alba and its active compounds might be promising candidates for preventive and therapeutic agents for AD.
28093699	0	33	Anti-Alzheimer's disease activity	T033	C0243095
28093699	37	46	compounds	T080	C0205198
28093699	56	65	root bark	T002	C2698331
28093699	69	81	Morus alba L	T002	C0553293
28093699	86	96	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28093699	100	120	acetylcholinesterase	T116,T126	C0001044
28093699	122	126	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28093699	129	150	butyrylcholinesterase	T116,T126	C0728810
28093699	152	156	BChE	T116,T126	C0728810
28093699	163	213	β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1	T116,T126	C1569775
28093699	215	220	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28093699	247	257	prevention	T061	C0199176
28093699	262	271	treatment	T061	C0087111
28093699	275	294	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28093699	296	298	AD	T047	C0002395
28093699	311	327	individual parts	T185	C2698828
28093699	331	343	Morus alba L	T002	C0553293
28093699	355	364	root bark	T002	C2698331
28093699	366	374	branches	T002	C2700383
28093699	376	382	leaves	T002	C0242724
28093699	388	394	fruits	T168	C0016767
28093699	400	409	root bark	T002	C2698331
28093699	433	461	enzyme inhibitory activities	T040	C2248397
28093699	490	495	study	T062	C2603343
28093699	516	532	anti-AD activity	T033	C0243095
28093699	540	547	M. alba	T002	C0553293
28093699	548	557	root bark	T002	C2698331
28093699	574	583	compounds	T080	C0205198
28093699	595	610	mulberrofuran G	T109	C0626454
28093699	612	613	1	T109	C0626454
28093699	616	625	albanol B	T121	C1254351
28093699	627	628	2	T121	C1254351
28093699	635	644	kuwanon G	T109	C0380559
28093699	646	647	3	T109	C0380559
28093699	653	663	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28093699	667	671	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28093699	673	677	BChE	T116,T126	C0728810
28093699	683	688	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28093699	690	701	Compounds 1	T109	C0626454
28093699	706	707	2	T121	C1254351
28093699	722	727	AChE-	T040	C2248397
28093699	732	758	BChE-inhibitory activities	T040	C2248397
28093699	760	763	1-3	T121	C1254351
28093699	771	782	significant	T078	C0750502
28093699	783	808	BACE1 inhibitory activity	T040	C2248397
28093699	823	836	kinetic study	T070	C0022702
28093699	842	846	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28093699	851	855	BChE	T116,T126	C0728810
28093699	857	858	2	T121	C1254351
28093699	863	864	3	T109	C0380559
28093699	872	902	noncompetitive-type inhibition	T044	C0301627
28093699	904	905	1	T109	C0626454
28093699	913	934	mixed-type inhibition	T039	C1524081
28093699	946	949	1-3	T121	C1254351
28093699	957	978	mixed-type inhibition	T039	C1524081
28093699	987	992	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28093699	998	1027	molecular docking simulations	T063	C3494273
28093699	1031	1034	1-3	T121	C1254351
28093699	1048	1056	negative	T033	C0205160
28093699	1057	1073	binding energies	T033	C0243095
28093699	1105	1109	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28093699	1114	1119	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28093699	1125	1139	hydroxyl group	T104	C1254350
28093699	1143	1146	1-3	T121	C1254351
28093699	1154	1167	hydrogen bond	T070	C0020276
28093699	1177	1187	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28093699	1188	1196	residues	T077	C1709915
28093699	1208	1212	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28093699	1217	1222	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28093699	1270	1279	root bark	T002	C2698331
28093699	1283	1290	M. alba	T002	C0553293
28093699	1306	1315	compounds	T080	C0205198
28093699	1350	1360	preventive	T061	C0199176
28093699	1365	1383	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
28093699	1388	1390	AD	T047	C0002395

28094445|t|Presynaptic inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors by noradrenaline in nociceptive neurons
28094445|a|The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor is a polymodal molecular integrator in the pain pathway expressed in Aδ - and C-fibre nociceptors and is responsible for the thermal hyperalgesia associated with inflammatory pain. Noradrenaline strongly inhibited the activity of TRPV1 channels in dorsal root ganglia neurons. The effect of noradrenaline was reproduced by clonidine and antagonized by yohimbine, consistent with contribution of α2 adrenergic receptors. The inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on TRPV1 channels was dependent on calcium influx and linked to calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. In spinal cord slices, clonidine reduced the frequency of capsaicin - induced miniature EPSCs in the presence of tetrodotoxin and ω-conotoxin-MVIIC, consistent with inhibition of presynaptic TRPV1 channels by α2 adrenergic receptors. We suggest that modulation of presynaptic TRPV1 channels in nociceptive neurons by descending noradrenergic inputs may constitute a mechanism for noradrenaline to modulate incoming noxious stimuli in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor is a well-known contributor to nociceptor excitability. To address whether noradrenaline can down-regulate TRPV1 channel activity in nociceptors and reduce their synaptic transmission, the effects of noradrenaline and clonidine were tested on the capsaicin - activated current recorded from acutely dissociated small diameter (<27 μm) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and on miniature (m)EPSCs recorded from large lamina I neurons in horizontal spinal cord slices. Noradrenaline or clonidine inhibited the capsaicin - activated current by ∼60%, and the effect was reversed by yohimbine, confirming that it was mediated by activation of α2 adrenergic receptors. Similarly, clonidine reduced the frequency of capsaicin - induced mEPSCs by ∼60%. Inhibition of capsaicin - activated current by noradrenaline was mediated by GTP binding proteins, and was highly dependent on calcium influx. The inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on the capsaicin - activated current was not affected either by blocking the activity of protein kinase A with H89, or by blocking the activity of protein kinase C with bisindolylmaleimide II. In contrast, when the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was blocked with KN-93, the inhibitory effect of noradrenaline on the capsaicin - activated current was greatly reduced, suggesting that activation of adrenergic receptors in DRG neurons is preferentially linked to CaMKII activity. We suggest that modulation of TRPV1 channels by noradrenaline in nociceptive neurons is a mechanism whereby noradrenaline may suppress incoming noxious stimuli at the primary synaptic afferents in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.
28094445	0	11	Presynaptic	T026	C0206181
28094445	12	22	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28094445	26	89	transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors	T116,T192	C1564816
28094445	93	106	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	110	129	nociceptive neurons	T023	C0028246
28094445	134	196	transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor	T116,T192	C1564816
28094445	240	252	pain pathway	T044	C1518855
28094445	253	262	expressed	T045	C1171362
28094445	266	268	Aδ	T026	C0027750
28094445	275	282	C-fibre	T023	C0006549
28094445	283	294	nociceptors	T023	C0028246
28094445	322	342	thermal hyperalgesia	T184	C0751214
28094445	343	358	associated with	T080	C0332281
28094445	359	376	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
28094445	378	391	Noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	401	410	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28094445	415	423	activity	T052	C0441655
28094445	427	441	TRPV1 channels	T116,T123	C1563722
28094445	445	464	dorsal root ganglia	T023	C0017070
28094445	465	472	neurons	T025	C0027882
28094445	478	484	effect	T080	C1280500
28094445	488	501	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	520	529	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28094445	534	545	antagonized	T120	C0243076
28094445	549	558	yohimbine	T109,T121	C0724441
28094445	592	615	α2 adrenergic receptors	T116,T192	C0001639
28094445	621	631	inhibitory	T044	C0521849
28094445	632	638	effect	T080	C1280500
28094445	642	655	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	659	673	TRPV1 channels	T116,T123	C1563722
28094445	691	705	calcium influx	T043	C2610217
28094445	720	766	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	T116,T126	C0769224
28094445	771	782	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
28094445	783	789	slices	T167	C1519355
28094445	791	800	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28094445	801	808	reduced	T080	C0392756
28094445	826	835	capsaicin	T109,T121	C0006931
28094445	838	845	induced	T169	C0205263
28094445	846	861	miniature EPSCs	T042	C2350764
28094445	881	893	tetrodotoxin	T109,T123,T131	C0039705
28094445	898	915	ω-conotoxin-MVIIC	T116,T121	C0170672
28094445	933	943	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28094445	947	958	presynaptic	T026	C0206181
28094445	959	973	TRPV1 channels	T116,T123	C1563722
28094445	977	1000	α2 adrenergic receptors	T116,T192	C0001639
28094445	1018	1028	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
28094445	1032	1043	presynaptic	T026	C0206181
28094445	1044	1058	TRPV1 channels	T116,T123	C1563722
28094445	1062	1081	nociceptive neurons	T023	C0028246
28094445	1096	1109	noradrenergic	T044	C0599861
28094445	1110	1116	inputs	T077	C1708517
28094445	1148	1161	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	1165	1173	modulate	UnknownType	C0678672
28094445	1183	1198	noxious stimuli	T067	C0234402
28094445	1206	1236	dorsal horn of the spinal cord	T023	C0228575
28094445	1242	1304	transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor	T116,T192	C1564816
28094445	1336	1346	nociceptor	T023	C0028246
28094445	1347	1359	excitability	T184	C0235169
28094445	1380	1393	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	1398	1411	down-regulate	T044	C0013081
28094445	1412	1425	TRPV1 channel	T116,T123	C1563722
28094445	1426	1434	activity	T052	C0441655
28094445	1438	1449	nociceptors	T023	C0028246
28094445	1454	1460	reduce	T080	C0392756
28094445	1467	1488	synaptic transmission	T043	C0027793
28094445	1494	1501	effects	T080	C1280500
28094445	1505	1518	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	1523	1532	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28094445	1552	1561	capsaicin	T109,T121	C0006931
28094445	1564	1573	activated	T052	C1879547
28094445	1574	1581	current	T042	C2350764
28094445	1596	1603	acutely	T079	C0205178
28094445	1640	1659	dorsal root ganglia	T023	C0017070
28094445	1661	1664	DRG	T023	C0017070
28094445	1666	1673	neurons	T025	C0027882
28094445	1681	1699	miniature (m)EPSCs	T042	C2350764
28094445	1720	1728	lamina I	T024	C1709063
28094445	1729	1736	neurons	T025	C0027882
28094445	1740	1750	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28094445	1751	1762	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
28094445	1763	1769	slices	T167	C1519355
28094445	1771	1784	Noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	1788	1797	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28094445	1812	1821	capsaicin	T109,T121	C0006931
28094445	1824	1833	activated	T052	C1879547
28094445	1834	1841	current	T042	C2350764
28094445	1859	1865	effect	T080	C1280500
28094445	1882	1891	yohimbine	T109,T121	C0724441
28094445	1928	1938	activation	T052	C1879547
28094445	1942	1965	α2 adrenergic receptors	T116,T192	C0001639
28094445	1978	1987	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28094445	1988	1995	reduced	T080	C0392756
28094445	2013	2022	capsaicin	T109,T121	C0006931
28094445	2025	2032	induced	T169	C0205263
28094445	2033	2039	mEPSCs	T042	C2350764
28094445	2049	2059	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28094445	2063	2072	capsaicin	T109,T121	C0006931
28094445	2075	2084	activated	T052	C1879547
28094445	2085	2092	current	T042	C2350764
28094445	2096	2109	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	2126	2146	GTP binding proteins	T116,T126	C0086376
28094445	2176	2190	calcium influx	T043	C3158761
28094445	2196	2206	inhibitory	T044	C0521849
28094445	2207	2213	effect	T080	C1280500
28094445	2217	2230	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	2238	2247	capsaicin	T109,T121	C0006931
28094445	2250	2259	activated	T052	C1879547
28094445	2260	2267	current	T042	C2350764
28094445	2295	2303	blocking	T169	C0332206
28094445	2308	2316	activity	T052	C0441655
28094445	2320	2336	protein kinase A	T116,T126	C1259877
28094445	2342	2345	H89	T109,T121	C0082782
28094445	2353	2361	blocking	T169	C0332206
28094445	2366	2374	activity	T052	C0441655
28094445	2378	2394	protein kinase C	T116,T126	C0033634
28094445	2400	2422	bisindolylmaleimide II	T109,T121	C0761057
28094445	2446	2492	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II	T116,T126	C0769224
28094445	2494	2500	CaMKII	T116,T126	C0248868
28094445	2506	2513	blocked	T169	C0332206
28094445	2519	2524	KN-93	T109	C0124673
28094445	2530	2540	inhibitory	T044	C0521849
28094445	2541	2547	effect	T080	C1280500
28094445	2551	2564	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	2572	2581	capsaicin	T109,T121	C0006931
28094445	2584	2593	activated	T052	C1879547
28094445	2594	2601	current	T042	C2350764
28094445	2614	2621	reduced	T080	C0392756
28094445	2639	2649	activation	T052	C1879547
28094445	2653	2673	adrenergic receptors	T116,T192	C0034783
28094445	2677	2680	DRG	T023	C0017070
28094445	2681	2688	neurons	T025	C0027882
28094445	2717	2723	CaMKII	T116,T126	C0248868
28094445	2724	2732	activity	T052	C0441655
28094445	2750	2760	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
28094445	2764	2778	TRPV1 channels	T116,T123	C1563722
28094445	2782	2795	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	2799	2818	nociceptive neurons	T023	C0028246
28094445	2842	2855	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28094445	2878	2893	noxious stimuli	T067	C0234402
28094445	2909	2917	synaptic	T030	C0039062
28094445	2918	2927	afferents	T025	C0027883
28094445	2935	2965	dorsal horn of the spinal cord	T023	C0228575

28094646|t|Retirement crisis warnings becoming a reality
28094646|a|The figures are startling: the number of NHS staff applying to retire has surged by a quarter since 2012. The potential consequences are alarming; a serious shortage of nurses and other healthcare professionals now seems inevitable.
28094646	0	10	Retirement	T033	C0035345
28094646	11	17	crisis	T033	C0231224
28094646	18	26	warnings	T080	C1550014
28094646	38	45	reality	T078	C0871222
28094646	50	57	figures	T081	C0237753
28094646	62	71	startling	T033	C0243095
28094646	87	90	NHS	T064	C0027461
28094646	91	96	staff	T097	C0028698
28094646	109	115	retire	T033	C0035345
28094646	120	126	surged	T169	C0442805
28094646	166	178	consequences	T169	C0686907
28094646	183	191	alarming	T080	C0205404
28094646	203	211	shortage	T081	C0392762
28094646	215	221	nurses	T097	C0028661
28094646	232	256	healthcare professionals	T097	C1704312
28094646	267	277	inevitable	T080	C0205423

28095477|t|The Burden of Mental Disorders in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013
28095477|a|The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is witnessing an increase in chronic disorders, including mental illness. With ongoing unrest, this is expected to rise. This is the first study to quantify the burden of mental disorders in the EMR. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2013. DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) allow assessment of both premature mortality (years of life lost - YLLs) and nonfatal outcomes (years lived with disability - YLDs). DALYs are computed by adding YLLs and YLDs for each age-sex-country group. In 2013, mental disorders contributed to 5.6% of the total disease burden in the EMR (1894 DALYS /100,000 population): 2519 DALYS /100,000 (2590/100,000 males, 2426/100,000 females) in high-income countries, 1884 DALYS /100,000 (1618/100,000 males, 2157/100,000 females) in middle-income countries, 1607 DALYS /100,000 (1500/100,000 males, 1717/100,000 females) in low-income countries. Females had a greater proportion of burden due to mental disorders than did males of equivalent ages, except for those under 15 years of age. The highest proportion of DALYs occurred in the 25-49 age group, with a peak in the 35-39 years age group (5344 DALYs /100,000). The burden of mental disorders in EMR increased from 1726 DALYs /100,000 in 1990 to 1912 DALYs /100,000 in 2013 (10.8% increase). Within the mental disorders group in EMR, depressive disorders accounted for most DALYs, followed by anxiety disorders. Among EMR countries, Palestine had the largest burden of mental disorders. Nearly all EMR countries had a higher mental disorder burden compared to the global level. Our findings call for EMR ministries of health to increase provision of mental health services and to address the stigma of mental illness. Moreover, our results showing the accelerating burden of mental health are alarming as the region is seeing an increased level of instability. Indeed, mental health problems, if not properly addressed, will lead to an increased burden of diseases in the region.
28095477	4	10	Burden	T081	C0162698
28095477	14	30	Mental Disorders	T048	C0004936
28095477	38	66	Eastern Mediterranean Region	T083	C0282645
28095477	82	110	Eastern Mediterranean Region	T083	C0282645
28095477	112	115	EMR	T083	C0282645
28095477	134	142	increase	T169	C0442805
28095477	146	163	chronic disorders	T047	C0008679
28095477	175	189	mental illness	T048	C0004936
28095477	256	261	study	T062	C0008972
28095477	278	284	burden	T081	C0162698
28095477	288	304	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
28095477	312	315	EMR	T083	C0282645
28095477	325	329	data	T078	C1511726
28095477	339	369	Global Burden of Disease study	T170	C4277729
28095477	371	374	GBD	T170	C4277729
28095477	382	387	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	389	419	disability-adjusted life years	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	427	437	assessment	T058	C0220825
28095477	446	465	premature mortality	T033	C1855073
28095477	467	485	years of life lost	T081	C2713320
28095477	488	492	YLLs	T081	C2713320
28095477	517	544	years lived with disability	T079	C1254367
28095477	547	551	YLDs	T079	C1254367
28095477	554	559	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	583	587	YLLs	T081	C2713320
28095477	592	596	YLDs	T079	C1254367
28095477	638	654	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
28095477	682	702	total disease burden	T081	C0162698
28095477	710	713	EMR	T083	C0282645
28095477	720	725	DALYS	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	735	745	population	T098	C1257890
28095477	753	758	DALYS	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	782	787	males	T032	C0086582
28095477	802	809	females	T032	C0086287
28095477	814	825	high-income	T033	C0948433
28095477	814	835	high-income countries	T083	C0454664
28095477	842	847	DALYS	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	871	876	males	T032	C0086582
28095477	891	898	females	T032	C0086287
28095477	903	916	middle-income	T080	C0870890
28095477	917	926	countries	T083	C0454664
28095477	933	938	DALYS	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	962	967	males	T032	C0086582
28095477	982	989	females	T032	C0086287
28095477	994	1004	low-income	T033	C1331016
28095477	1005	1014	countries	T083	C0454664
28095477	1016	1023	Females	T032	C0086287
28095477	1052	1058	burden	T081	C0162698
28095477	1066	1082	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
28095477	1092	1097	males	T032	C0086582
28095477	1112	1116	ages	T032	C0001779
28095477	1144	1156	years of age	T079	C1510829
28095477	1184	1189	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	1212	1221	age group	T100	C0027362
28095477	1254	1263	age group	T100	C0027362
28095477	1270	1275	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	1291	1297	burden	T081	C0162698
28095477	1301	1317	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
28095477	1321	1324	EMR	T083	C0282645
28095477	1345	1350	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	1376	1381	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	1428	1450	mental disorders group	T098	C1257890
28095477	1454	1457	EMR	T083	C0282645
28095477	1459	1479	depressive disorders	T048	C0011581
28095477	1499	1504	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28095477	1518	1535	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28095477	1543	1546	EMR	T083	C0282645
28095477	1558	1567	Palestine	UnknownType	C0681784
28095477	1584	1610	burden of mental disorders	T081	C0162698
28095477	1594	1610	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
28095477	1623	1636	EMR countries	T083	C0454664
28095477	1650	1672	mental disorder burden	T081	C0162698
28095477	1725	1739	EMR ministries	UnknownType	C0683710
28095477	1762	1771	provision	T033	C1821241
28095477	1775	1797	mental health services	T058	C0025355
28095477	1817	1841	stigma of mental illness	T033	C3825632
28095477	1877	1889	accelerating	T169	C0442808
28095477	1890	1913	burden of mental health	T081	C0162698
28095477	1973	1984	instability	T033	C1444783
28095477	1994	2016	mental health problems	T033	C1446377
28095477	2061	2070	increased	T081	C0205217
28095477	2071	2089	burden of diseases	T081	C0162698
28095477	2097	2103	region	T083	C0017446

28095717|t|Functional constituents of wild and cultivated Goji (L. barbarum L.) leaves: phytochemical characterization, biological profile, and computational studies
28095717|a|Goji (Lycium barbarum L.) leaves are emphasized as a functional tea or as dietary supplements. The phenolic compound profile, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities of leaf extracts from two selected cultivars in comparison with wild-growing plants have been evaluated. HPLC-DAD / ESI - ToF-MS analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids and flavonoids with chlorogenic acid and rutin being the dominant compounds in the cultivated plants, whereas rutin and kaempeferol-3-O-rutinoside for wild growing ones. In particular, cv. Erma contained the highest amount of chlorogenic acid and showed a strong tyrosinase - inhibitory effect. Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Penicillium funiculosum were the most sensitive strains when exposed to extracts from cultivated plants. Antimutagenic activity was evaluated by Ames' test. The tested extracts provided high protection against mutagenicity induced by 2-anthramine (2-AA) to Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 100 (max. inhibition (%) 88% and 74.2%, respectively). Overall, Goji leaves are a rich source of bioactive compounds with functional properties that need further risk/benefit evaluation when used in foods or health-promoting formulations.
28095717	0	23	Functional constituents	T167	C0729650
28095717	27	31	wild	T002	C0330098
28095717	36	46	cultivated	UnknownType	C0869005
28095717	47	51	Goji	T002	C1088997
28095717	53	67	L. barbarum L.	T002	C1088997
28095717	69	75	leaves	T002	C0242724
28095717	77	107	phytochemical characterization	T185	C0243175
28095717	109	127	biological profile	T077	C2985526
28095717	133	154	computational studies	T059	C4297010
28095717	155	159	Goji	T002	C1088997
28095717	161	179	Lycium barbarum L.	T002	C1088997
28095717	181	187	leaves	T002	C0242724
28095717	208	218	functional	T169	C0205245
28095717	219	222	tea	T168	C0039400
28095717	229	248	dietary supplements	T168	C0242295
28095717	254	271	phenolic compound	T109,T121	C0359916
28095717	272	279	profile	T077	C1254372
28095717	281	292	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
28095717	294	311	enzyme inhibitory	T033	C2825141
28095717	313	326	antimicrobial	T034	C1271650
28095717	332	356	antimutagenic activities	T033	C2825141
28095717	360	364	leaf	T002	C0242724
28095717	365	373	extracts	T123	C0032081
28095717	392	401	cultivars	T002	C0032098
28095717	421	440	wild-growing plants	T002	C0330098
28095717	462	470	HPLC-DAD	T059	C0008562
28095717	473	476	ESI	T059	C1516801
28095717	479	485	ToF-MS	T059	C0599827
28095717	486	494	analysis	T062	C0936012
28095717	508	516	presence	T033	C0150312
28095717	520	534	phenolic acids	T109	C0070574
28095717	539	549	flavonoids	T109	C0596577
28095717	555	571	chlorogenic acid	T109,T123	C0008240
28095717	576	581	rutin	T109,T121	C0035976
28095717	601	610	compounds	T103	C1706082
28095717	618	635	cultivated plants	UnknownType	C0869005
28095717	645	650	rutin	T109,T121	C0035976
28095717	655	681	kaempeferol-3-O-rutinoside	T109,T123	C1528207
28095717	686	703	wild growing ones	T002	C0330098
28095717	720	728	cv. Erma	T002	C3446913
28095717	761	777	chlorogenic acid	T109,T123	C0008240
28095717	798	808	tyrosinase	T116,T126	C0012524
28095717	811	828	inhibitory effect	T033	C2825141
28095717	830	851	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28095717	853	875	Listeria monocytogenes	T007	C0023861
28095717	881	904	Penicillium funiculosum	T004	C4076538
28095717	929	936	strains	T001	C1518614
28095717	953	961	extracts	T123	C0032081
28095717	967	984	cultivated plants	UnknownType	C0869005
28095717	986	1008	Antimutagenic activity	T033	C2825141
28095717	1026	1036	Ames' test	T059,T063	C0598910
28095717	1042	1048	tested	T169	C0039593
28095717	1049	1057	extracts	T123	C0032081
28095717	1072	1082	protection	T033	C1545588
28095717	1091	1103	mutagenicity	T044	C0079866
28095717	1104	1111	induced	T046	C0007994
28095717	1115	1127	2-anthramine	T109,T131	C0045907
28095717	1129	1133	2-AA	T109,T131	C0045907
28095717	1138	1160	Salmonella typhimurium	T007	C0036126
28095717	1161	1174	strains TA 98	T001	C1518614
28095717	1179	1185	TA 100	T001	C1518614
28095717	1187	1206	max. inhibition (%)	T081	C1628982
28095717	1246	1250	Goji	T002	C1088997
28095717	1251	1257	leaves	T002	C0242724
28095717	1279	1298	bioactive compounds	T167	C3714412
28095717	1304	1325	functional properties	T080	C0871161
28095717	1344	1367	risk/benefit evaluation	T062	C0524785
28095717	1381	1386	foods	T168	C0016452
28095717	1390	1419	health-promoting formulations	T061	C0012174

28096034|t|Twelve months effect of self-referral to inpatient treatment on patient activation, recovery, symptoms and functioning: A randomized controlled study
28096034|a|To investigate the effect of having a contract for self-referral to inpatient treatment (SRIT) in patients with severe mental disorders. A randomized controlled trial with 53 adult patients; 26 participants received a SRIT contract, which they could use to refer themselves into a Community Mental Health Centre up to five days for each referral without contacting a doctor in advance. Outcomes were assessed after 12 months with the self-report questionnaires Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13), Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS), and the Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale (BASIS-32) and analyzed using linear mixed and regression models. There was no significant effect on PAM-13 (estimated mean difference (emd) -0.41, 95% CI (CI):-7.49-6.67), nor on the RAS (emd 0.02, CI:-0.27-0.31) or BASIS-32 (0.09, CI:-0.28-0.45). An exploratory post hoc analysis showed effect of SRIT in those with low PAM below ≤47 (p=0.049). There were no group differences after 12 months, but both groups maintained their baseline levels. SRIT contracts can be recommended as it supports the rights to self-determination, promote user participation in decision-making in own treatment without any indication of adverse effects.
28096034	24	37	self-referral	T058	C0237824
28096034	41	60	inpatient treatment	T058	C0019993
28096034	64	82	patient activation	T058	C3853034
28096034	84	92	recovery	T052	C0237820
28096034	94	102	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28096034	107	118	functioning	T039	C0677610
28096034	122	149	randomized controlled study	T062	C0242481
28096034	188	196	contract	T170	C0332522
28096034	201	237	self-referral to inpatient treatment	T058	C0420403
28096034	239	243	SRIT	T058	C0420403
28096034	248	256	patients	T101	C0030705
28096034	269	285	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
28096034	289	316	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0242481
28096034	325	330	adult	T100	C0001675
28096034	331	339	patients	T101	C0030705
28096034	344	356	participants	T101	C0030705
28096034	368	372	SRIT	T058	C0420403
28096034	373	381	contract	T170	C0332522
28096034	431	461	Community Mental Health Centre	T073,T093	C0338050
28096034	487	495	referral	T058	C0034927
28096034	517	523	doctor	T097	C0031831
28096034	536	544	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
28096034	584	595	self-report	T062	C0681906
28096034	596	610	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28096034	611	637	Patient Activation Measure	T170	C4075707
28096034	639	645	PAM-13	T170	C4075707
28096034	648	673	Recovery Assessment Scale	T170	C4304837
28096034	675	678	RAS	T170	C4304837
28096034	689	730	Behavior and Symptom Identification Scale	T170	C0450973
28096034	732	740	BASIS-32	T170	C0450973
28096034	761	773	linear mixed	T081	C0023732
28096034	778	795	regression models	T081,T170	C0026348
28096034	832	838	PAM-13	T170	C4075707
28096034	915	918	RAS	T170	C4304837
28096034	948	956	BASIS-32	T170	C0450973
28096034	983	1012	exploratory post hoc analysis	T080	C0205556
28096034	1030	1034	SRIT	T058	C0420403
28096034	1053	1056	PAM	T170	C4075707
28096034	1160	1168	baseline	T081	C1442488
28096034	1169	1175	levels	T080	C0441889
28096034	1177	1181	SRIT	T058	C0420403
28096034	1182	1191	contracts	T170	C0332522
28096034	1240	1258	self-determination	T078	C0036595
28096034	1290	1305	decision-making	T041	C0011109
28096034	1313	1322	treatment	T169	C0039798
28096034	1349	1364	adverse effects	T046	C0879626

28096951|t|Evaluation of changes in anthropometric indexes due to intermaxillary fixation following facial fractures
28096951|a|Background. One of the treatment modalities for facial fractures is closed reduction technique, but treatment with intermaxillary fixation (IMF) interferes with normal nutrition, and malnutrition can affect the patient's recovery. Anthropometric measurements such as skinfold thickness and body mass index (BMI) are universal indexes for diagnosing malnutrition. Therefore, in this study we explain how treatment with IMF changes the anthropometric indexes. Methods. In this study 60 patients were treated with 4 weeks of IMF. Skinfold thickness and BMI of these patients were measured and compared before and after the treatment. Results. Patients' weight, BMI and skinfold thickness decreased during the IMF period, and this decrease was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Conclusion. Although no severe and acute malnutrition was seen among our patients, IMF led to mild to moderate malnutrition in some cases, making it necessary to use nutritional supplements.
28096951	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28096951	14	21	changes	T169	C0392747
28096951	25	39	anthropometric	T170	C2598146
28096951	40	47	indexes	T170	C0600653
28096951	55	78	intermaxillary fixation	T061	C0407803
28096951	79	88	following	T079	C0332282
28096951	89	105	facial fractures	T037	C0743751
28096951	106	116	Background	T077	C1706907
28096951	129	138	treatment	T061	C0087111
28096951	139	149	modalities	T078	C0695347
28096951	154	170	facial fractures	T037	C0743751
28096951	174	200	closed reduction technique	T061	C0087111
28096951	206	215	treatment	T061	C0087111
28096951	221	244	intermaxillary fixation	T061	C0407803
28096951	245	250	(IMF)	T061	C0407803
28096951	251	266	interferes with	T169	C0521102
28096951	267	283	normal nutrition	T040	C1442959
28096951	289	301	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
28096951	306	312	affect	T041	C0001721
28096951	317	326	patient's	T101	C0030705
28096951	327	335	recovery	T040	C2004454
28096951	337	364	Anthropometric measurements	T081	C0815129
28096951	373	391	skinfold thickness	T060	C0037302
28096951	396	411	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28096951	412	417	(BMI)	T201	C1305855
28096951	422	431	universal	T080	C0175671
28096951	432	439	indexes	T170	C0600653
28096951	444	454	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
28096951	455	467	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
28096951	488	493	study	T062	C2603343
28096951	509	518	treatment	T061	C0087111
28096951	524	527	IMF	T061	C0407803
28096951	528	535	changes	T169	C0392747
28096951	540	554	anthropometric	T170	C2598146
28096951	555	562	indexes	T170	C0600653
28096951	564	571	Methods	T170	C0025663
28096951	581	586	study	T062	C2603343
28096951	590	598	patients	T101	C0030705
28096951	604	616	treated with	T061	C0332293
28096951	619	624	weeks	T079	C0439230
28096951	628	631	IMF	T061	C0407803
28096951	633	651	Skinfold thickness	T060	C0037302
28096951	656	659	BMI	T201	C1305855
28096951	669	677	patients	T101	C0030705
28096951	683	691	measured	T080	C0444706
28096951	696	704	compared	T052	C1707455
28096951	705	711	before	T079	C0332152
28096951	716	721	after	T079	C0687676
28096951	726	735	treatment	T061	C0087111
28096951	737	744	Results	T169	C1274040
28096951	746	755	Patients'	T101	C0030705
28096951	756	762	weight	T032	C0005910
28096951	764	767	BMI	T201	C1305855
28096951	772	790	skinfold thickness	T060	C0037302
28096951	791	800	decreased	T081	C0205216
28096951	801	807	during	T079	C0347984
28096951	812	815	IMF	T061	C0407803
28096951	816	822	period	T079	C1948053
28096951	833	841	decrease	T081	C0547047
28096951	846	871	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28096951	884	894	Conclusion	T078	C1707478
28096951	908	914	severe	T080	C0205082
28096951	919	924	acute	T079	C0205178
28096951	925	937	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
28096951	957	965	patients	T101	C0030705
28096951	967	970	IMF	T061	C0407803
28096951	978	982	mild	T080	C2945599
28096951	986	994	moderate	T080	C0205081
28096951	995	1007	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
28096951	1016	1021	cases	T077	C1706256
28096951	1033	1042	necessary	T080	C3898777
28096951	1046	1049	use	T169	C0457083
28096951	1050	1073	nutritional supplements	T168	C0242295

28096973|t|A fission yeast cell-based system for multidrug resistant HIV-1 proteases
28096973|a|HIV-1 protease (PR) is an essential enzyme for viral production. Thus, PR inhibitors (PIs) are the most effective class of anti-HIV drugs. However, the main challenge to the successful use of PI drugs in patient treatment is the emergence of multidrug resistant PRs (mdrPRs). This study aimed to develop a fission yeast cell-based system for rapid testing of new PIs that combat mdrPRs. Three mdrPRs were isolated from HIV-infected patients that carried seven (M7PR), ten (M10PR) and eleven (M11PR) PR gene mutations, respectively. They were cloned and expressed in fission yeast under an inducible promoter to allow the measurement of PR -specific proteolysis and drug resistance. The results showed that all three mdrPRs maintained their abilities to proteolyze HIV viral substrates (MA ↓ CA and p6) and to confer drug resistance. Production of these proteins in the fission yeast caused cell growth inhibition, oxidative stress and altered mitochondrial morphologies that led to cell death. Five investigational PIs were used to test the utility of the established yeast system with an FDA - approved PI drug Darunavir (DRV) as control. All six compounds suppressed the wildtype PR (wtPR) and the M7PR -mediated activities. However, none of them were able to suppress the M10PR or the M11PR. The three clinically isolated mdrPRs maintained their viral proteolytic activities and drug resistance in the fission yeast. Furthermore, those viral mdrPR activities were coupled with the induction of growth inhibition and cell death, which could be used to test the PI activities. Indeed, the five investigational PIs and DRV suppressed the wtPR in fission yeast as they did in mammalian cells. Significantly, two of the high level mdrPRs (M10PR and M11PR) were resistant to all of the existing PI drugs including DRV. This observation underscores the importance of continued searching for new PIs against mdrPRs.
28096973	2	15	fission yeast	T004	C0178453
28096973	2	33	fission yeast cell-based system	T062	C1520210
28096973	38	57	multidrug resistant	T032	C0242640
28096973	58	73	HIV-1 proteases	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	74	88	HIV-1 protease	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	90	92	PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	110	116	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28096973	121	137	viral production	T043	C0042774
28096973	145	158	PR inhibitors	T121	C0162714
28096973	160	163	PIs	T121	C0162714
28096973	197	211	anti-HIV drugs	T121	C0376565
28096973	266	268	PI	T121	C0162714
28096973	269	274	drugs	T121	C0013227
28096973	278	285	patient	T101	C0030705
28096973	286	295	treatment	T061	C0087111
28096973	316	339	multidrug resistant PRs	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	341	347	mdrPRs	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	355	360	study	T062	C2603343
28096973	380	393	fission yeast	T004	C0178453
28096973	380	411	fission yeast cell-based system	T062	C1520210
28096973	422	429	testing	T169	C0039593
28096973	437	440	PIs	T121	C0162714
28096973	453	459	mdrPRs	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	467	473	mdrPRs	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	493	505	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28096973	506	514	patients	T101	C0030705
28096973	535	539	M7PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	547	552	M10PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	566	571	M11PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	573	575	PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	576	590	gene mutations	T045	C0596611
28096973	616	622	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
28096973	627	636	expressed	T045	C0017262
28096973	640	653	fission yeast	T004	C0178453
28096973	663	681	inducible promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28096973	710	712	PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	723	734	proteolysis	T044	C0597304
28096973	739	754	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
28096973	790	796	mdrPRs	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	827	837	proteolyze	T044	C0597304
28096973	838	841	HIV	T005	C0019682
28096973	842	858	viral substrates	T167	C3891814
28096973	860	862	MA	T116,T123	C0042738
28096973	865	867	CA	T116,T123	C0042738
28096973	872	874	p6	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	890	905	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
28096973	927	935	proteins	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	943	956	fission yeast	T004	C0178453
28096973	964	986	cell growth inhibition	T043	C2244509
28096973	988	1004	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28096973	1009	1043	altered mitochondrial morphologies	T033	C4014650
28096973	1056	1066	cell death	T043	C0007587
28096973	1073	1088	investigational	T080	C1517586
28096973	1089	1092	PIs	T121	C0162714
28096973	1142	1154	yeast system	T062	C1520210
28096973	1163	1166	FDA	T093	C0041714
28096973	1169	1177	approved	T080	C0205540
28096973	1178	1180	PI	T121	C0162714
28096973	1181	1185	drug	T121	C0013227
28096973	1186	1195	Darunavir	T109,T121	C1435444
28096973	1197	1200	DRV	T109,T121	C1435444
28096973	1205	1212	control	T096	C0009932
28096973	1222	1231	compounds	T121	C0162714
28096973	1232	1242	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28096973	1247	1255	wildtype	T028	C1883559
28096973	1247	1258	wildtype PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1260	1264	wtPR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1274	1278	M7PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1289	1299	activities	T052	C0441655
28096973	1336	1344	suppress	T169	C1260953
28096973	1349	1354	M10PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1362	1367	M11PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1399	1405	mdrPRs	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1423	1428	viral	T005	C0042776
28096973	1429	1451	proteolytic activities	T044	C0597304
28096973	1456	1471	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
28096973	1479	1492	fission yeast	T004	C0178453
28096973	1513	1524	viral mdrPR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1525	1535	activities	T044	C0597304
28096973	1558	1567	induction	T169	C0205263
28096973	1571	1588	growth inhibition	T043	C2244509
28096973	1593	1603	cell death	T043	C0007587
28096973	1637	1639	PI	T121	C0162714
28096973	1640	1650	activities	T052	C0441655
28096973	1669	1684	investigational	T080	C1517586
28096973	1685	1688	PIs	T121	C0162714
28096973	1693	1696	DRV	T109,T121	C1435444
28096973	1697	1707	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28096973	1712	1716	wtPR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1720	1733	fission yeast	T004	C0178453
28096973	1749	1764	mammalian cells	T025	C1512977
28096973	1803	1809	mdrPRs	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1811	1816	M10PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1821	1826	M11PR	T116,T126	C0917721
28096973	1833	1842	resistant	T169	C0332325
28096973	1866	1868	PI	T121	C0162714
28096973	1869	1874	drugs	T121	C0013227
28096973	1885	1888	DRV	T109,T121	C1435444
28096973	1965	1968	PIs	T121	C0162714
28096973	1977	1983	mdrPRs	T116,T126	C0917721

28096993|t|Like Father, Like Daughter - inherited cutis aplasia occurring in a family with Marfan syndrome: a case report
28096993|a|We present the case of a newborn with co-occurrence of Marfan syndrome and aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and a family history significant for Marfan syndrome and ACC in the father. This case details a previously unreported mutation in Marfan syndrome and describes a novel coinheritance of Marfan syndrome and ACC.
28096993	5	11	Father	T099	C0015671
28096993	18	26	Daughter	T099	C0011011
28096993	29	38	inherited	T169	C0439660
28096993	39	52	cutis aplasia	T019	C0282160
28096993	68	74	family	T099	C0015576
28096993	80	95	Marfan syndrome	T047	C0024796
28096993	99	110	case report	T170	C0085973
28096993	126	130	case	T169	C0868928
28096993	136	143	newborn	T100	C0021289
28096993	149	162	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
28096993	166	181	Marfan syndrome	T047	C0024796
28096993	186	209	aplasia cutis congenita	T019	C0282160
28096993	211	214	ACC	T019	C0282160
28096993	222	236	family history	T033	C0241889
28096993	237	248	significant	T078	C0750502
28096993	253	268	Marfan syndrome	T047	C0024796
28096993	273	276	ACC	T019	C0282160
28096993	284	290	father	T099	C0015671
28096993	297	301	case	T169	C0868928
28096993	302	309	details	T080	C1522508
28096993	334	342	mutation	T045	C0026882
28096993	346	361	Marfan syndrome	T047	C0024796
28096993	384	397	coinheritance	T169	C0728826
28096993	401	416	Marfan syndrome	T047	C0024796
28096993	421	424	ACC	T019	C0282160

28097027|t|Regional Odontodysplasia with Generalised Enamel Defect
28097027|a|Regional odontodysplasia (ROD) is uncommon developmental anomaly, which tends to be localised and involves the ectodermal and mesodermal tooth components. A five-year-old female was referred to Department of Child Dental Health at the Leeds Dental Institute regarding malformed primary teeth. On examination 64, 74, and 72 had localised hypomineralized enamel defect. The crown of 55 was broken down with only the root remaining below the gingival level. 54 has a yellowish brown discolouration with rough irregular surface. The upper anterior teeth show mild enamel opacity. Radiographically, 55 and 54 had thin radioopaque contour, showing poor distinction between the enamel and dentine and the classic feature of a wide pulp chamber. 15, 16, and 17 were developmentally delayed and were displaying the characteristic "ghost appearance." Comprehensive dental care was done under local anaesthesia and it included extraction of the primary molars affected by ROD, stainless steel crown on 64, and caries prevention program. Fifteen months following the initial assessment the patient's oral condition remains stable and she is under regular follow-up at the department. Paediatric dentists should be aware of this anomaly as it involves both dentitions and usually requires multidisciplinary care.
28097027	0	24	Regional Odontodysplasia	T019	C0206554
28097027	42	55	Enamel Defect	T033	C2750331
28097027	56	80	Regional odontodysplasia	T019	C0206554
28097027	82	85	ROD	T019	C0206554
28097027	99	120	developmental anomaly	T019	C0000768
28097027	140	149	localised	T082	C0392752
28097027	167	177	ectodermal	T029	C0521458
28097027	182	192	mesodermal	T029	C0521459
28097027	193	209	tooth components	T023	C0524814
28097027	227	233	female	T098	C0043210
28097027	250	283	Department of Child Dental Health	T093	C1708333
28097027	291	296	Leeds	UnknownType	C0681784
28097027	297	313	Dental Institute	T093	C1708333
28097027	324	347	malformed primary teeth	T019	C0040427
28097027	352	363	examination	T058	C0582103
28097027	383	392	localised	T082	C0392752
28097027	393	422	hypomineralized enamel defect	T033	C3550983
28097027	428	433	crown	T023	C0226993
28097027	470	474	root	T023	C1318154
28097027	495	503	gingival	T024	C0017562
28097027	504	509	level	T080	C0441889
28097027	520	550	yellowish brown discolouration	T033	C1863008
28097027	556	579	rough irregular surface	T029	C0447301
28097027	585	590	upper	T082	C1282910
28097027	591	599	anterior	T082	C0205094
28097027	600	605	teeth	T023	C0040426
28097027	611	615	mild	T080	C2945599
28097027	616	630	enamel opacity	T184	C1396276
28097027	632	648	Radiographically	T060	C1962945
28097027	664	668	thin	T080	C0205168
28097027	669	688	radioopaque contour	T082	C0876954
28097027	727	733	enamel	T031	C0011350
28097027	738	745	dentine	T031	C0011429
28097027	762	769	feature	T080	C1521970
28097027	775	792	wide pulp chamber	T030	C0034099
28097027	830	837	delayed	T079	C0205421
28097027	862	876	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28097027	897	922	Comprehensive dental care	T058	C0009585
28097027	938	955	local anaesthesia	T061	C0002921
28097027	972	982	extraction	T061	C0185115
28097027	990	1004	primary molars	T033	C1850129
28097027	1017	1020	ROD	T019	C0206554
28097027	1022	1043	stainless steel crown	T074	C0584586
28097027	1055	1061	caries	T047	C0011334
28097027	1062	1080	prevention program	T170	C0679717
28097027	1119	1129	assessment	T058	C0220825
28097027	1134	1143	patient's	T101	C0030705
28097027	1144	1148	oral	T030	C0226896
28097027	1149	1158	condition	T080	C0348080
28097027	1167	1173	stable	T080	C0205360
28097027	1199	1208	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28097027	1216	1226	department	T092	C1704729
28097027	1228	1247	Paediatric dentists	T097	C0586985
28097027	1258	1263	aware	T041	C0004448
28097027	1272	1279	anomaly	T019	C0000768
28097027	1300	1310	dentitions	T023	C0011443
28097027	1332	1354	multidisciplinary care	T052	C1947933

28097040|t|Effects of Inhalable Microparticles of Seonpyejeongcheon-Tang in an Asthma Mouse Model: - Effects of Microparticles of SJT
28097040|a|Allergic asthma generally presents with symptoms of wheezing, coughing, breathlessness, and airway inflammation. Seonpyejeongcheon-tang (SJT) consists of 12 herbs. It originated from Jeongcheon-tang (JT), also known as Ding-chuan-tang, composed of 7 herbs, in She-sheng-zhong-miao-fang. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of local delivery of SJT via inhalable microparticles in an asthma mouse model. Microparticles containing SJT were produced by spray-drying with leucine as an excipient. SJT microparticles were evaluated with respect to their aerodynamic properties, in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo toxicity, and therapeutic effects on ovalbumin (OVA)- induced asthma in comparison with orally-administered SJT. SJT microparticles provided desirable aerodynamic properties (fine particle fraction of 48.9% ± 6.4% and mass median aerodynamic diameter of 3.7 ± 0.3 μm). SJT microparticles did not show any cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages at concentrations of 0.01 - 3 mg/mL. Inhaled SJT microparticles decreased the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17A, eotaxin and OVA-IgE in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in mice with OVA - induced asthma. These effects were verified by histological evaluation of the levels of infiltration of inflammatory cells and collagen, destructions of alveoli and bronchioles, and hyperplasia of goblet cells in lung tissues. The effects of SJT microparticles in the asthma model were equivalent to those of orally-administered SJT extract. This study suggests that SJT is a promising agent for inhalation therapy for patients with asthma.
28097040	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28097040	11	20	Inhalable	T169	C0205535
28097040	21	35	Microparticles	T104	C0597177
28097040	39	61	Seonpyejeongcheon-Tang	T121	C1254351
28097040	68	74	Asthma	T047	C0004096
28097040	75	86	Mouse Model	T050	C2986594
28097040	90	100	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28097040	101	115	Microparticles	T104	C0597177
28097040	119	122	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	123	138	Allergic asthma	T047	C0155877
28097040	149	157	presents	T078	C0449450
28097040	163	171	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28097040	175	183	wheezing	T184	C0043144
28097040	185	193	coughing	T184	C0010200
28097040	195	209	breathlessness	T184	C0013404
28097040	215	234	airway inflammation	T046	C0021368
28097040	236	258	Seonpyejeongcheon-tang	T121	C1254351
28097040	260	263	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	280	285	herbs	T002	C0019240
28097040	306	321	Jeongcheon-tang	T121	C1254351
28097040	323	325	JT	T121	C1254351
28097040	342	357	Ding-chuan-tang	T121	C1254351
28097040	373	378	herbs	T002	C0019240
28097040	383	408	She-sheng-zhong-miao-fang	T121	C1254351
28097040	415	420	study	T062	C2603343
28097040	430	438	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28097040	443	453	effects of	T080	C1704420
28097040	472	475	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	480	489	inhalable	T169	C0205535
28097040	490	504	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28097040	511	517	asthma	T047	C0004096
28097040	518	529	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28097040	531	545	Microparticles	T104	C0597177
28097040	557	560	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	578	590	spray-drying	T059	C3827958
28097040	596	603	leucine	T116,T121,T123	C0023401
28097040	610	619	excipient	T122	C0015237
28097040	621	624	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	625	639	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28097040	677	688	aerodynamic	T169	C0729333
28097040	689	699	properties	T080	C0871161
28097040	701	709	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28097040	710	722	cytotoxicity	T059	C0201622
28097040	724	731	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28097040	732	740	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28097040	746	765	therapeutic effects	T201	C1527144
28097040	769	778	ovalbumin	T116,T123	C0029923
28097040	780	783	OVA	T116,T123	C0029923
28097040	786	793	induced	T169	C0205263
28097040	794	800	asthma	T047	C0004096
28097040	804	814	comparison	T052	C1707455
28097040	820	839	orally-administered	T061	C1273553
28097040	840	843	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	845	848	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	849	863	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28097040	883	894	aerodynamic	T169	C0729333
28097040	895	905	properties	T080	C0871161
28097040	912	920	particle	T104	C0597177
28097040	921	932	fraction of	T081	C1264633
28097040	950	954	mass	T081	C3152252
28097040	955	961	median	T081	C0876920
28097040	962	973	aerodynamic	T169	C0729333
28097040	974	982	diameter	T081	C1301886
28097040	1001	1004	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	1005	1019	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28097040	1037	1049	cytotoxicity	T059	C0201622
28097040	1058	1079	RAW 264.7 macrophages	T025	C4042840
28097040	1083	1097	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28097040	1117	1124	Inhaled	T169	C0205535
28097040	1125	1128	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	1129	1143	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28097040	1144	1153	decreased	T081	C0205216
28097040	1158	1164	levels	T080	C0441889
28097040	1168	1172	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
28097040	1174	1178	IL-5	T116,T129	C0021759
28097040	1180	1185	IL-13	T116,T129	C0214743
28097040	1187	1193	IL-17A	T116,T192	C1705947
28097040	1195	1202	eotaxin	T116,T123	C0250604
28097040	1207	1214	OVA-IgE	T116,T129	C1270688
28097040	1218	1246	bronchoalveolar lavage fluid	T031	C0006279
28097040	1248	1252	BALF	T031	C0006279
28097040	1267	1270	OVA	T116,T123	C0029923
28097040	1273	1280	induced	T169	C0205263
28097040	1281	1287	asthma	T047	C0004096
28097040	1295	1302	effects	T080	C1280500
28097040	1308	1316	verified	T169	C1711411
28097040	1320	1332	histological	T169	C0205462
28097040	1333	1343	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28097040	1351	1357	levels	T080	C0441889
28097040	1361	1373	infiltration	T046	C0332448
28097040	1377	1395	inflammatory cells	T025	C0440752
28097040	1400	1408	collagen	T116	C0009325
28097040	1410	1422	destructions	T061	C1261381
28097040	1426	1433	alveoli	T023	C0034051
28097040	1438	1449	bronchioles	T023	C0006270
28097040	1455	1466	hyperplasia	T046	C0020507
28097040	1470	1482	goblet cells	T025	C0506994
28097040	1486	1498	lung tissues	T024	C0819757
28097040	1504	1514	effects of	T080	C1704420
28097040	1515	1518	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	1519	1533	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28097040	1541	1547	asthma	T047	C0004096
28097040	1548	1553	model	T050	C0684309
28097040	1559	1569	equivalent	T080	C0205163
28097040	1582	1601	orally-administered	T061	C1273553
28097040	1602	1605	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	1606	1613	extract	T122	C1705851
28097040	1620	1625	study	T062	C2603343
28097040	1626	1634	suggests	T078	C1705535
28097040	1640	1643	SJT	T121	C1254351
28097040	1659	1664	agent	T121	C1254351
28097040	1669	1687	inhalation therapy	T061	C0021459
28097040	1692	1700	patients	T101	C0030705
28097040	1706	1712	asthma	T047	C0004096

28097130|t|Establishment of a Novel Simplified Surgical Model of Acute Liver Failure in the Cynomolgus Monkey
28097130|a|Models using large animals that are suitable for studying artificial liver support system (ALSS) are urgently needed. Presently available acute liver failure (ALF) models mainly involve pigs or dogs. Establishment of current surgical ALF models (hepatectomy / devascularization) requires either very good surgical skills or multistep processes-even multiple stages of surgery. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simplified surgical method. Here we report a novel simplified surgical ALF model using cynomolgus monkeys. Six monkeys underwent portal-right renal venous shunt combined with common bile duct ligation and transection (PRRS + CBDLT). Postoperatively, the monkeys had progressively increased listlessness, loss of appetite, and obvious jaundice. Blood biochemistry levels (Amm, ALT, AST, TBiL, DBiL, ALP, LDH, CK, and Cr) and prothrombin time (PT) were significantly increased (all P < 0.01) and albumin (ALB) was markedly reduced (P < 0.01) compared with baseline values. Histological examination of liver specimens on postoperative day 10 revealed cholestasis and inflammation. PRRS + CBDLT produced ALF that closely correlated with clinical situations. Compared with other surgical or drug ALF models, ours was simplified and animals were hemodynamically stable. This model could provide a good platform for further research on ALSS, especially regarding their detoxification functions.
28097130	36	44	Surgical	T061	C0543467
28097130	45	50	Model	T050	C0012644
28097130	54	73	Acute Liver Failure	T047	C0162557
28097130	81	98	Cynomolgus Monkey	T015	C0024399
28097130	99	105	Models	T050	C0012644
28097130	118	125	animals	T008	C0003062
28097130	157	188	artificial liver support system	T050	C0012644
28097130	190	194	ALSS	T050	C0012644
28097130	237	256	acute liver failure	T047	C0162557
28097130	258	261	ALF	T047	C0162557
28097130	263	269	models	T050	C0012644
28097130	285	289	pigs	T015	C0039005
28097130	293	297	dogs	T015	C0012984
28097130	324	332	surgical	T061	C0543467
28097130	333	336	ALF	T047	C0162557
28097130	337	343	models	T050	C0012644
28097130	345	356	hepatectomy	T061	C0019144
28097130	359	376	devascularization	T061	C0581712
28097130	404	412	surgical	T061	C0543467
28097130	413	419	skills	T080	C0008973
28097130	467	474	surgery	T061	C0543467
28097130	527	542	surgical method	T061	C0543467
28097130	578	586	surgical	T061	C0543467
28097130	587	590	ALF	T047	C0162557
28097130	591	596	model	T050	C0012644
28097130	603	621	cynomolgus monkeys	T015	C0024399
28097130	627	634	monkeys	T015	C0026447
28097130	645	670	portal-right renal venous	T023	C0035092
28097130	671	676	shunt	T074	C0542331
28097130	698	707	bile duct	T023	C0005400
28097130	708	716	ligation	T061	C0023690
28097130	721	732	transection	T061	C0152060
28097130	734	738	PRRS	T074	C0542331
28097130	741	746	CBDLT	T061	C0023690
28097130	749	764	Postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28097130	770	777	monkeys	T015	C0026447
28097130	806	818	listlessness	T048	C0085632
28097130	820	836	loss of appetite	T047	C0003123
28097130	850	858	jaundice	T184	C0022346
28097130	860	865	Blood	T031	C0005767
28097130	866	885	biochemistry levels	T034	C0428132
28097130	892	895	ALT	T059	C0201836
28097130	897	900	AST	T059	C0201899
28097130	902	906	TBiL	T059	C0201913
28097130	908	912	DBiL	T059	C0201916
28097130	914	917	ALP	T059	C0201850
28097130	919	922	LDH	T059	C0202113
28097130	924	926	CK	T059	C0201973
28097130	932	934	Cr	T059	C0201975
28097130	940	956	prothrombin time	T201	C0482694
28097130	958	960	PT	T201	C0482694
28097130	1010	1017	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
28097130	1019	1022	ALB	T116,T123	C0001924
28097130	1070	1085	baseline values	T081	C1522609
28097130	1087	1111	Histological examination	UnknownType	C0679557
28097130	1115	1130	liver specimens	T031	C1292599
28097130	1134	1147	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28097130	1148	1151	day	T079	C0439228
28097130	1164	1175	cholestasis	T047	C0008370
28097130	1180	1192	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28097130	1194	1198	PRRS	T074	C0542331
28097130	1201	1206	CBDLT	T061	C0023690
28097130	1216	1219	ALF	T047	C0162557
28097130	1249	1268	clinical situations	T201	C0683325
28097130	1290	1298	surgical	T061	C0543467
28097130	1302	1306	drug	T121	C1254351
28097130	1307	1310	ALF	T047	C0162557
28097130	1311	1317	models	T050	C0012644
28097130	1343	1350	animals	T008	C0003062
28097130	1385	1390	model	T050	C0012644
28097130	1445	1449	ALSS	T050	C0012644
28097130	1478	1502	detoxification functions	T042	C0232749

28097208|t|Muscle synergies after stroke are correlated with perilesional high gamma
28097208|a|Movements can be factored into modules termed " muscle synergies ". After stroke, abnormal synergies are linked to impaired movements; however, their neural basis is not understood. In a single subject, we examined how electrocorticography signals from the perilesional cortex were associated with synergies. The measured synergies contained a mix of both normal and abnormal patterns and were remarkably similar to those described in past work. Interestingly, we found that both normal and abnormal synergies were correlated with perilesional high gamma. Given the link between high gamma and cortical spiking, our results suggest that perilesional spiking may organize synergies after stroke.
28097208	0	6	Muscle	T024	C0026845
28097208	7	16	synergies	T169	C1704675
28097208	23	29	stroke	T047	C0038454
28097208	50	62	perilesional	T082	C1254362
28097208	63	73	high gamma	T081	C0392762
28097208	74	83	Movements	T033	C0517907
28097208	105	112	modules	T077	C1709061
28097208	122	128	muscle	T024	C0026845
28097208	129	138	synergies	T169	C1704675
28097208	148	154	stroke	T047	C0038454
28097208	156	164	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28097208	165	174	synergies	T169	C1704675
28097208	189	197	impaired	T169	C0221099
28097208	198	207	movements	T033	C0517907
28097208	224	230	neural	T025	C0027882
28097208	231	236	basis	T169	C1527178
28097208	293	321	electrocorticography signals	T060	C0430797
28097208	331	343	perilesional	T082	C1254362
28097208	344	350	cortex	T023	C3499125
28097208	372	381	synergies	T169	C1704675
28097208	396	405	synergies	T169	C1704675
28097208	406	415	contained	T169	C0332256
28097208	430	436	normal	T080	C0205307
28097208	441	449	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28097208	450	458	patterns	T082	C0449774
28097208	554	560	normal	T080	C0205307
28097208	565	573	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28097208	574	583	synergies	T169	C1704675
28097208	605	617	perilesional	T082	C1254362
28097208	618	628	high gamma	T081	C0392762
28097208	653	663	high gamma	T081	C0392762
28097208	668	684	cortical spiking	T033	C0243095
28097208	711	731	perilesional spiking	T033	C0243095
28097208	745	754	synergies	T169	C1704675
28097208	761	767	stroke	T047	C0038454

28097508|t|Preparation and evaluation of biopolymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery system in effective treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
28097508|a|The study purposes to evaluate nanocrystalline biopolymeric nanoparticles encapsulating methotrexate and dexamethasone with high biocompatibility, enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation, and Methotrexate (MTX) and Dexamethasone (DEX) were loaded during the preparation and screened for their in vitro efficacy in HEK and RAW264.7 cells, ex vivo and in vivo efficacy. FTIR confirmed the involvement of phosphoric group of sTPP with amine groups of chitosan and also role of hydrogen bonding involved in the preparation of MTXCHNP and DEXCHNP. Controlled release patterns coupled with diffusion of drug were observed in two different buffers (PBS) at pH 7.4 and pH 5.8. The IC50 for MTXCHNP for HEK was 26.1 μg/ml and 7.7 μg/ml for RAW 264.7 cells. In DEXCHNP, the IC50 was 20.12 μg/ml for HEK and 7.37 μg/ml for RAW264.7 cells. Enhanced uptake of FITC - CHNP by RAW cells indicated internalization of nanoparticles by phagocytosis. The enhanced release of drug at lower pH justified increased cytotoxicity. Negligible ex-vivo hemolysis indicated the higher biocompatibility of the nanoparticles. (99m)Tc - CHNP exhibited maximum absorption in blood circulation in 3 h, followed by hepatic metabolism and renal clearance. Higher in-vivo anti-arthritic activity and antioxidant activity was observed post-intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections by both MTXCHNP and DEXCHNP when compared to MTX (0.75 mg/Kg by i.p. route) and DEX (0.2 mg/Kg/ i.p. /daily) per se. The nanocrystalline biopolymeric nanoparticles were stable, biocompatible and have potential to be administered through i.p. route with minimal toxicity and high efficacy.
28097508	0	11	Preparation	T052	C1521827
28097508	16	26	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28097508	30	42	biopolymeric	T116,T123	C0005554
28097508	43	56	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28097508	60	80	drug delivery system	T074	C0085104
28097508	94	103	treatment	T061	C0087111
28097508	107	127	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
28097508	150	158	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28097508	159	174	nanocrystalline	T073	C1721058
28097508	175	187	biopolymeric	T116,T123	C0005554
28097508	188	201	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28097508	202	215	encapsulating	T080	C0205223
28097508	216	228	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
28097508	233	246	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28097508	257	273	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28097508	284	304	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
28097508	317	325	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28097508	327	335	Chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28097508	336	349	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28097508	355	363	prepared	T033	C4082130
28097508	367	381	ionic gelation	T067	C1522240
28097508	387	399	Methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
28097508	401	404	MTX	T109,T121	C0025677
28097508	410	423	Dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28097508	425	428	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28097508	435	441	loaded	T052	C1708715
28097508	453	464	preparation	T052	C1521827
28097508	469	477	screened	T059	C0373483
28097508	488	496	in vitro	T062	C0681828
28097508	509	512	HEK	T025	C2936239
28097508	517	531	RAW264.7 cells	T025	C4042840
28097508	533	540	ex vivo	T062	C0242481
28097508	545	552	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28097508	563	567	FTIR	T062	C0206055
28097508	597	613	phosphoric group	T104	C1254350
28097508	617	621	sTPP	T121,T130,T197	C0301008
28097508	627	639	amine groups	T109	C1879694
28097508	643	651	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28097508	669	685	hydrogen bonding	T070	C0020276
28097508	702	713	preparation	T052	C1521827
28097508	717	724	MTXCHNP	T073	C1450054
28097508	729	736	DEXCHNP	T073	C1450054
28097508	738	756	Controlled release	T079	C0868939
28097508	779	788	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28097508	792	796	drug	T121	C1254351
28097508	828	835	buffers	T121,T130	C0006353
28097508	837	840	PBS	T121,T130	C0991865
28097508	845	847	pH	T081	C0020283
28097508	856	858	pH	T081	C0020283
28097508	868	872	IC50	T081	C0600495
28097508	877	884	MTXCHNP	T073	C1450054
28097508	889	892	HEK	T025	C2936239
28097508	926	941	RAW 264.7 cells	T025	C4042840
28097508	946	953	DEXCHNP	T073	C1450054
28097508	959	963	IC50	T081	C0600495
28097508	984	987	HEK	T025	C2936239
28097508	1007	1021	RAW264.7 cells	T025	C4042840
28097508	1049	1053	CHNP	T073	C1450054
28097508	1057	1066	RAW cells	T025	C0007634
28097508	1077	1092	internalization	T041	C0871786
28097508	1096	1109	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28097508	1113	1125	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28097508	1151	1155	drug	T121	C1254351
28097508	1165	1167	pH	T081	C0020283
28097508	1188	1200	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28097508	1213	1220	ex-vivo	T062	C0242481
28097508	1221	1230	hemolysis	T034	C2945560
28097508	1252	1268	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28097508	1276	1289	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28097508	1291	1298	(99m)Tc	T130	C0303611
28097508	1301	1305	CHNP	T073	C1450054
28097508	1324	1334	absorption	T067	C2347023
28097508	1338	1355	blood circulation	T039	C0005775
28097508	1376	1394	hepatic metabolism	T042	C1373178
28097508	1399	1414	renal clearance	T042	C0232813
28097508	1423	1430	in-vivo	T062	C0681829
28097508	1431	1454	anti-arthritic activity	T033	C0243095
28097508	1459	1479	antioxidant activity	T044	C1148564
28097508	1493	1531	post-intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections	T061	C0021493
28097508	1540	1547	MTXCHNP	T073	C1450054
28097508	1552	1559	DEXCHNP	T073	C1450054
28097508	1577	1580	MTX	T109,T121	C0025677
28097508	1596	1606	i.p. route	T169	C1522583
28097508	1612	1615	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28097508	1628	1632	i.p.	T169	C1522583
28097508	1653	1668	nanocrystalline	T073	C1721058
28097508	1669	1681	biopolymeric	T116,T123	C0005554
28097508	1682	1695	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28097508	1701	1707	stable	T080	C0205360
28097508	1709	1722	biocompatible	T044	C0596177
28097508	1732	1741	potential	T080	C3245505
28097508	1769	1779	i.p. route	T169	C1522583
28097508	1793	1801	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28097508	1811	1819	efficacy	T080	C1280519

28097611|t|Assessing nitrous oxide effect using electroencephalographically -based depth of anesthesia measures cortical state and cortical input
28097611|a|Existing electroencephalography (EEG) based depth of anesthesia monitors cannot reliably track sedative or anesthetic states during n-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist based anesthesia with ketamine or nitrous oxide (N2O). Here, a physiologically -motivated depth of anesthesia monitoring algorithm based on autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) modeling and derivative measures of interest, Cortical State (CS) and Cortical Input (CI), is retrospectively applied in an exploratory manner to the NMDA receptor antagonist N2O, an adjuvant anesthetic gas used in clinical practice. Composite Cortical State (CCS) and Composite Cortical State distance (CCSd), two new modifications of CS, along with CS and CI were evaluated on electroencephalographic (EEG) data of healthy control individuals undergoing N2O inhalation up to equilibrated peak gas concentrations of 20, 40 or 60% N2O / O2. In particular, CCSd has been devised to vary consistently for increasing levels of anesthetic concentration independent of the anesthetic's microscopic mode of action for both N2O and propofol. The strongest effects were observed for the 60% peak gas concentration group. For the 50-60% peak gas levels, individuals showed statistically significant reductions in responsiveness compared to rest, and across the group CS and CCS increased by 39 and 42%, respectively, while CCSd was found to decrease by 398%. On the other hand a clear conclusion regarding the changes in CI could not be reached. These results indicate that, contrary to previous depth of anesthesia monitoring measures, the CS, CCS, and especially CCSd measures derived from frontal EEG are potentially useful for differentiating gas concentration and responsiveness levels in people under N2O. On the other hand, determining the utility of CI in this regard will require larger sample sizes and potentially higher gas concentrations. Future work will assess the sensitivity of CS -based and CI measures to other anesthetics and their utility in a clinical environment.
28097611	0	9	Assessing	T058	C0184514
28097611	10	23	nitrous oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
28097611	24	30	effect	T080	C1280500
28097611	37	64	electroencephalographically	T060	C0013819
28097611	72	91	depth of anesthesia	T033	C0474710
28097611	92	100	measures	T081	C0079809
28097611	101	109	cortical	T023	C0007776
28097611	110	115	state	T170	C0918012
28097611	120	128	cortical	T023	C0007776
28097611	129	134	input	T170	C0918012
28097611	144	166	electroencephalography	T060	C0013819
28097611	168	171	EEG	T060	C0013819
28097611	179	198	depth of anesthesia	T033	C0474710
28097611	199	207	monitors	T058	C0184514
28097611	230	238	sedative	T121	C0036557
28097611	242	252	anesthetic	T121	C0002932
28097611	253	259	states	T080	C0348080
28097611	267	314	n-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist	T121	C3536824
28097611	321	331	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
28097611	337	345	ketamine	T109,T121	C0022614
28097611	349	362	nitrous oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
28097611	364	367	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
28097611	378	393	physiologically	T169	C0205463
28097611	405	424	depth of anesthesia	T033	C0474710
28097611	425	435	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28097611	436	445	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28097611	455	500	autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) modeling	T170	C3161035
28097611	538	546	Cortical	T023	C0007776
28097611	547	552	State	T170	C0918012
28097611	554	556	CS	T170	C0918012
28097611	562	570	Cortical	T023	C0007776
28097611	571	576	Input	T170	C0918012
28097611	578	580	CI	T170	C0918012
28097611	586	601	retrospectively	T062	C0035363
28097611	616	627	exploratory	T169	C1292732
28097611	642	666	NMDA receptor antagonist	T121	C3536824
28097611	667	670	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
28097611	675	698	adjuvant anesthetic gas	T121	C0002904
28097611	707	724	clinical practice	T169	C0205245
28097611	726	750	Composite Cortical State	T170	C0918012
28097611	752	755	CCS	T170	C0918012
28097611	761	794	Composite Cortical State distance	T170	C0918012
28097611	796	800	CCSd	T170	C0918012
28097611	811	824	modifications	T033	C3840684
28097611	828	830	CS	T170	C0918012
28097611	843	845	CS	T170	C0918012
28097611	850	852	CI	T170	C0918012
28097611	858	867	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28097611	871	894	electroencephalographic	T060	C0013819
28097611	896	899	EEG	T060	C0013819
28097611	901	905	data	T078	C1511726
28097611	909	936	healthy control individuals	T080	C2986479
28097611	948	951	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
28097611	952	962	inhalation	T040	C0004048
28097611	969	981	equilibrated	T081	C1547026
28097611	982	1005	peak gas concentrations	T081	C0457929
28097611	1023	1026	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
28097611	1029	1031	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28097611	1048	1052	CCSd	T170	C0918012
28097611	1095	1105	increasing	T081	C0205217
28097611	1106	1112	levels	T080	C0441889
28097611	1116	1140	anesthetic concentration	T033	C0474704
28097611	1141	1155	independent of	T169	C0332291
28097611	1160	1172	anesthetic's	T121	C0002932
28097611	1173	1184	microscopic	T080	C0205288
28097611	1185	1199	mode of action	T169	C1524059
28097611	1209	1212	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
28097611	1217	1225	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
28097611	1241	1248	effects	T080	C1280500
28097611	1275	1297	peak gas concentration	T081	C0457929
28097611	1298	1303	group	T098	C1257890
28097611	1320	1335	peak gas levels	T080	C0441889
28097611	1337	1348	individuals	T098	C0237401
28097611	1356	1381	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28097611	1382	1392	reductions	T061	C0441610
28097611	1396	1410	responsiveness	T033	C3261286
28097611	1411	1419	compared	T052	C1707455
28097611	1423	1427	rest	T056	C0035253
28097611	1444	1449	group	T098	C1257890
28097611	1450	1452	CS	T170	C0918012
28097611	1457	1460	CCS	T170	C0918012
28097611	1461	1470	increased	T081	C0205217
28097611	1506	1510	CCSd	T170	C0918012
28097611	1524	1532	decrease	T081	C0547047
28097611	1568	1578	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28097611	1604	1606	CI	T170	C0918012
28097611	1635	1642	results	T169	C1274040
28097611	1658	1666	contrary	T082	C1521805
28097611	1679	1698	depth of anesthesia	T033	C0474710
28097611	1699	1709	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28097611	1710	1718	measures	T081	C0079809
28097611	1724	1726	CS	T170	C0918012
28097611	1728	1731	CCS	T170	C0918012
28097611	1748	1752	CCSd	T170	C0918012
28097611	1753	1761	measures	T081	C0079809
28097611	1762	1769	derived	T080	C1441547
28097611	1775	1782	frontal	T082	C0205123
28097611	1783	1786	EEG	T060	C0013819
28097611	1791	1802	potentially	T080	C3245505
28097611	1830	1847	gas concentration	T081	C0457929
28097611	1852	1873	responsiveness levels	T033	C3261286
28097611	1877	1883	people	T098	C0027361
28097611	1890	1893	N2O	T121,T123,T197	C0028215
28097611	1930	1937	utility	T169	C0457083
28097611	1941	1943	CI	T170	C0918012
28097611	1972	1978	larger	T081	C0549177
28097611	1979	1991	sample sizes	T081	C0242618
28097611	1996	2007	potentially	T080	C3245505
28097611	2008	2014	higher	T080	C0205250
28097611	2015	2033	gas concentrations	T081	C0457929
28097611	2052	2058	assess	T058	C0184514
28097611	2063	2074	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28097611	2078	2080	CS	T170	C0918012
28097611	2092	2094	CI	T170	C0918012
28097611	2095	2103	measures	T081	C0079809
28097611	2113	2124	anesthetics	T121	C0002932
28097611	2135	2142	utility	T169	C0457083
28097611	2148	2156	clinical	T073,T093	C0442592
28097611	2157	2168	environment	T082	C0014406

28097766|t|Water -Enabled Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Reactions of Unreactive Nitroalkenes: One-Pot Synthesis of Chiral GABA - Analogs with All-Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
28097766|a|Water enables new catalytic reactions for otherwise unreactive substrate systems. Under the "on water " reaction conditions, extremely unreactive β,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes smoothly underwent enantioselective Michael addition reactions with dithiomalonates using a chiral squaramide catalyst, affording both enantiomers of highly enantioenriched Michael adducts with all-carbon-substituted quaternary centers. The developed "on water " protocol was successfully applied for the scalable one-pot syntheses of chiral GABA analogs with all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers at the β-position, which might show highly interesting pharmaceutical properties.
28097766	0	5	Water	T121,T197	C0043047
28097766	15	53	Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Reactions	T070	C1254365
28097766	57	67	Unreactive	T169	C0205245
28097766	68	80	Nitroalkenes	T109	C0597788
28097766	82	99	One-Pot Synthesis	T070	C0007987
28097766	103	109	Chiral	T067	C3539649
28097766	110	114	GABA	T121	C1254351
28097766	117	124	Analogs	T104	C0243071
28097766	130	171	All-Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers	T104	C1254350
28097766	172	177	Water	T121,T197	C0043047
28097766	190	209	catalytic reactions	T070	C1254365
28097766	224	234	unreactive	T169	C0205245
28097766	235	244	substrate	T167	C3891814
28097766	245	252	systems	T169	C0449913
28097766	268	273	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28097766	276	295	reaction conditions	T169	C0205245
28097766	307	317	unreactive	T169	C0205245
28097766	318	348	β,β-disubstituted nitroalkenes	T109	C0597788
28097766	368	411	enantioselective Michael addition reactions	T070	C1254365
28097766	417	432	dithiomalonates	T109	C0029224
28097766	441	447	chiral	T067	C3539649
28097766	448	467	squaramide catalyst	T067	C0175921
28097766	484	495	enantiomers	T104	C0599473
28097766	506	537	enantioenriched Michael adducts	T104	C0596040
28097766	543	584	all-carbon-substituted quaternary centers	T104	C1254350
28097766	604	609	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28097766	612	620	protocol	T170	C0442711
28097766	654	662	scalable	T080	C0205556
28097766	663	680	one-pot syntheses	T070	C0007987
28097766	684	690	chiral	T067	C3539649
28097766	691	695	GABA	T121	C1254351
28097766	696	703	analogs	T104	C0243071
28097766	709	750	all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers	T104	C1254350
28097766	758	768	β-position	T082	C1254362
28097766	806	831	pharmaceutical properties	T080	C0871161

28098048|t|Folate and vitamin B12 concentrations are associated with plasma DHA and EPA fatty acids in European adolescents: the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study
28098048|a|This study aimed to examine the association between vitamin B6, folate and vitamin B12 biomarkers and plasma fatty acids in European adolescents. A subsample from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence study with valid data on B-vitamins and fatty acid blood parameters, and all the other covariates used in the analyses such as BMI, Diet Quality Index, education of the mother and physical activity assessed by a questionnaire, was selected resulting in 674 cases (43 % males). B-vitamin biomarkers were measured by chromatography and immunoassay and fatty acids by enzymatic analyses. Linear mixed models elucidated the association between B-vitamins and fatty acid blood parameters (changes in fatty acid profiles according to change in 10 units of vitamin B biomarkers). DHA, EPA) and n-3 fatty acids showed positive associations with B-vitamin biomarkers, mainly with those corresponding to folate and vitamin B12. Contrarily, negative associations were found with n-6:n-3 ratio, trans-fatty acids and oleic: stearic ratio. With total homocysteine (tHcy), all the associations found with these parameters were opposite (for instance, an increase of 10 nmol/l in red blood cell folate or holotranscobalamin in females produces an increase of 15·85 µmol/l of EPA (P value <0·01), whereas an increase of 10 nmol/l of tHcy in males produces a decrease of 2·06 µmol/l of DHA (P value <0·05). Positive associations between B-vitamins and specific fatty acids might suggest underlying mechanisms between B-vitamins and CVD and it is worth the attention of public health policies.
28098048	0	6	Folate	T109,T121,T127	C0178638
28098048	11	22	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28098048	23	37	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28098048	42	57	associated with	T080	C0332281
28098048	58	64	plasma	T031	C0032105
28098048	65	68	DHA	T109,T121,T123	C0012968
28098048	73	76	EPA	T109,T121,T123	C0000545
28098048	77	88	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
28098048	92	100	European	T098	C0239307
28098048	101	112	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28098048	118	135	Healthy Lifestyle	T055	C4277664
28098048	139	145	Europe	T083	C0015176
28098048	149	158	Nutrition	T033	C0392209
28098048	162	173	Adolescence	T079	C0001578
28098048	175	181	HELENA	T058	C1254363
28098048	183	188	study	T062	C2603343
28098048	194	199	study	T062	C2603343
28098048	209	216	examine	T169	C1292732
28098048	221	232	association	T080	C0439849
28098048	241	251	vitamin B6	T109,T121,T127	C0087162
28098048	253	259	folate	T109,T121,T127	C0178638
28098048	264	275	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28098048	276	286	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28098048	291	297	plasma	T031	C0032105
28098048	298	309	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
28098048	313	321	European	T098	C0239307
28098048	322	333	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28098048	356	373	Healthy Lifestyle	T055	C4277664
28098048	377	383	Europe	T083	C0015176
28098048	387	396	Nutrition	T062	C1521729
28098048	400	411	Adolescence	T079	C0001578
28098048	412	417	study	T062	C2603343
28098048	429	433	data	T078	C1511726
28098048	437	447	B-vitamins	T109,T127	C0042849
28098048	452	462	fatty acid	T109	C0015684
28098048	463	468	blood	T031	C0005767
28098048	469	479	parameters	T077	C0549193
28098048	499	509	covariates	T080	C0439828
28098048	522	530	analyses	T062	C0936012
28098048	539	542	BMI	T201	C1305855
28098048	544	562	Diet Quality Index	T170	C0918012
28098048	564	573	education	T033	C0013658
28098048	581	587	mother	T099	C0026591
28098048	592	609	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28098048	624	637	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28098048	669	674	cases	T169	C0868928
28098048	681	686	males	T032	C0086582
28098048	689	698	B-vitamin	T109,T127	C0042849
28098048	699	709	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28098048	715	723	measured	T080	C0444706
28098048	727	741	chromatography	T059	C0008550
28098048	746	757	immunoassay	T059	C0020980
28098048	762	773	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
28098048	777	786	enzymatic	T059	C2717977
28098048	787	795	analyses	T062	C0936012
28098048	797	816	Linear mixed models	T170	C3161035
28098048	832	843	association	T080	C0439849
28098048	852	862	B-vitamins	T109,T127	C0042849
28098048	867	877	fatty acid	T109	C0015684
28098048	878	883	blood	T031	C0005767
28098048	884	894	parameters	T077	C0549193
28098048	896	903	changes	T169	C0392747
28098048	907	917	fatty acid	T109	C0015684
28098048	918	926	profiles	T059	C1979963
28098048	940	946	change	T169	C0392747
28098048	962	971	vitamin B	T109,T127	C0042849
28098048	972	982	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28098048	985	988	DHA	T109,T121,T123	C0012968
28098048	990	993	EPA	T109,T121,T123	C0000545
28098048	999	1014	n-3 fatty acids	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28098048	1022	1030	positive	T033	C1446409
28098048	1031	1043	associations	T080	C0439849
28098048	1049	1058	B-vitamin	T109,T127	C0042849
28098048	1059	1069	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28098048	1106	1112	folate	T109,T121,T127	C0178638
28098048	1117	1128	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28098048	1142	1150	negative	T033	C0205160
28098048	1151	1163	associations	T080	C0439849
28098048	1188	1193	ratio	T081	C0456603
28098048	1195	1212	trans-fatty acids	T109,T168	C1257879
28098048	1217	1222	oleic	T109,T121	C0028928
28098048	1224	1231	stearic	T109,T121	C0038229
28098048	1232	1237	ratio	T081	C0456603
28098048	1244	1262	total homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
28098048	1264	1268	tHcy	T116,T123	C0019878
28098048	1279	1291	associations	T080	C0439849
28098048	1309	1319	parameters	T077	C0549193
28098048	1352	1360	increase	T169	C0442805
28098048	1377	1391	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
28098048	1392	1398	folate	T109,T121,T127	C0178638
28098048	1402	1420	holotranscobalamin	T116,T127	C3534392
28098048	1424	1431	females	T032	C0086287
28098048	1444	1452	increase	T169	C0442805
28098048	1472	1475	EPA	T109,T121,T123	C0000545
28098048	1477	1484	P value	T081	C1709380
28098048	1504	1512	increase	T169	C0442805
28098048	1529	1533	tHcy	T116,T123	C0019878
28098048	1537	1542	males	T032	C0086582
28098048	1554	1562	decrease	T081	C0547047
28098048	1581	1584	DHA	T109,T121,T123	C0012968
28098048	1586	1593	P value	T081	C1709380
28098048	1602	1610	Positive	T033	C1446409
28098048	1611	1623	associations	T080	C0439849
28098048	1632	1642	B-vitamins	T109,T127	C0042849
28098048	1647	1655	specific	T080	C0205369
28098048	1656	1667	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
28098048	1693	1703	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28098048	1712	1722	B-vitamins	T109,T127	C0042849
28098048	1727	1730	CVD	T047	C0007222
28098048	1764	1786	public health policies	T064,T170	C0680811

28098263|t|A lab-on-a-chip for monolith -based preconcentration and electrophoresis separation of phosphopeptides
28098263|a|A microdevice combining online preconcentration and separation of phosphopeptides was developed in a glass microchip. An ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP), acrylamide (AM) and bisacrylamide (BAA) based monolith was synthesized within microchannels through a photo-driven process. Morphological investigations revealed a homogeneous monolithic structure composed of uniform nodules (∼0.8 μm), with a large pore volume (0.62 cm(3) g(-1)) and sufficiently high specific surface area (34.1 m(2) g(-1)). These features make the monolith particularly interesting for preconcentration purposes. Immobilization of Zr(4+) ions on the phosphate groups present at the poly(EGMP-co-AM-co-BAA) monolith surface leads to immobilized metal affinity chromatography support. This monolith - Zr(4+) showed a great capacity to capture phosphopeptides. Successful preconcentration and separation of a mixture of ERK2 derived peptides differing only by their phosphorylation degree and sites could be achieved with signal enhancement factors between 340 and 910 after only 7 min of preconcentration. This integrated microdevice represents a novel approach for phosphoproteomic applications.
28098263	2	15	lab-on-a-chip	T075	C2717870
28098263	20	28	monolith	T073	C0024912
28098263	36	52	preconcentration	T081	C0392762
28098263	57	72	electrophoresis	UnknownType	C0678636
28098263	73	83	separation	T080	C0443299
28098263	87	102	phosphopeptides	T116	C0031684
28098263	105	116	microdevice	T073	C0699733
28098263	134	150	preconcentration	T081	C0392762
28098263	155	165	separation	T080	C0443299
28098263	169	184	phosphopeptides	T116	C0031684
28098263	204	209	glass	T073	C0017596
28098263	210	219	microchip	T073	C0920585
28098263	224	262	ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate	T109	C1701311
28098263	264	268	EGMP	T109	C1701311
28098263	271	281	acrylamide	T109,T131	C0050587
28098263	283	285	AM	T109,T131	C0050587
28098263	291	304	bisacrylamide	T109,T130	C0067314
28098263	306	309	BAA	T109,T130	C0067314
28098263	317	325	monolith	T073	C0024912
28098263	349	362	microchannels	T073	C0699733
28098263	373	393	photo-driven process	T070	C2350502
28098263	395	408	Morphological	T082	C0543482
28098263	409	423	investigations	T059	C0002778
28098263	435	467	homogeneous monolithic structure	T082	C0678594
28098263	480	487	uniform	T080	C0205375
28098263	488	495	nodules	T082	C0678594
28098263	520	531	pore volume	T081	C0449468
28098263	573	594	specific surface area	T081	C4263416
28098263	638	646	monolith	T073	C0024912
28098263	676	692	preconcentration	T081	C0392762
28098263	721	732	Zr(4+) ions	T196	C0043506
28098263	740	756	phosphate groups	T121,T197	C0031603
28098263	772	795	poly(EGMP-co-AM-co-BAA)	T104	C0596383
28098263	796	804	monolith	T073	C0024912
28098263	834	839	metal	T197	C0025552
28098263	840	863	affinity chromatography	T059	C0008551
28098263	878	886	monolith	T073	C0024912
28098263	889	895	Zr(4+)	T196	C0043506
28098263	923	930	capture	T052	C1145667
28098263	931	946	phosphopeptides	T116	C0031684
28098263	959	975	preconcentration	T081	C0392762
28098263	980	990	separation	UnknownType	C0678636
28098263	1007	1011	ERK2	T116,T126	C0170168
28098263	1020	1028	peptides	T116	C0030956
28098263	1053	1068	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28098263	1069	1075	degree	T081	C0449286
28098263	1109	1135	signal enhancement factors	T087	C0037081
28098263	1176	1192	preconcentration	T081	C0392762
28098263	1210	1221	microdevice	T073	C0699733
28098263	1254	1283	phosphoproteomic applications	T091	C0872252

28098510|t|DT MRI microstructural cortical lesion damage does not explain cognitive impairment in MS
28098510|a|We combined double inversion recovery (DIR) and diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify the severity of cortical lesion (CL) microstructural tissue abnormalities in a large cohort of relapse - onset multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and its contribution to cognitive dysfunction. DIR, DT, dual-echo, and three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted scans were acquired from 149 MS patients and 40 controls. Cognitively impaired (CI) patients had ⩾2 abnormal neuropsychological tests. Diffusivity values in CLs, cortex, white matter (WM) lesions, and normal-appearing (NA) WM were assessed. Predictors of cognitive impairment were identified using a random forest analysis. Compared to controls, MS patients had lower normalized brain volume (NBV), gray matter volume (GMV), WM volume, lower fractional anisotropy (FA), and higher mean diffusivity in cortex and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). A total of 44 (29.5%) patients were CI. Compared to cognitively preserved (CP), CI patients had higher T2 WM lesion volume (LV), lower NBV and GMV, and more severe diffusivity abnormalities in WM lesions, cortex, and NAWM. CL measures did not differ between CI and CP patients. Cortex FA, age, disease duration, T2 WM LV, and GMV best predicted MS -related cognitive impairment (C-statistic = 0.88). " Diffuse " GM and NAWM damage and WM lesions, rather than intrinsic CL damage, contribute to cognitive impairment in MS.
28098510	0	6	DT MRI	T060	C3163713
28098510	7	22	microstructural	T080	C0205556
28098510	23	31	cortical	T023	C0007776
28098510	32	38	lesion	T047	C0221505
28098510	39	45	damage	T169	C1883709
28098510	63	83	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28098510	87	89	MS	T047	C0026769
28098510	102	127	double inversion recovery	T060	C0430022
28098510	129	132	DIR	T060	C0430022
28098510	138	192	diffusion tensor (DT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)	T060	C3163713
28098510	196	204	quantify	T081	C1709793
28098510	209	217	severity	T080	C0439793
28098510	221	229	cortical	T023	C0007776
28098510	230	236	lesion	T047	C0221505
28098510	238	240	CL	T047	C0221505
28098510	242	257	microstructural	T080	C0205556
28098510	258	264	tissue	T024	C0040300
28098510	265	278	abnormalities	T020	C0221430
28098510	284	289	large	T081	C0549177
28098510	290	296	cohort	T098	C0599755
28098510	300	307	relapse	T067	C0035020
28098510	310	315	onset	T080	C0332162
28098510	316	334	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
28098510	336	338	MS	T047	C0026769
28098510	340	348	patients	T101	C0030705
28098510	357	369	contribution	T052	C1880177
28098510	373	394	cognitive dysfunction	T048	C0338656
28098510	396	399	DIR	T060	C0430022
28098510	401	403	DT	T060	C1537007
28098510	405	414	dual-echo	T060	C0011923
28098510	420	437	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28098510	439	441	3D	T082	C0450363
28098510	443	460	T1-weighted scans	T060	C0011923
28098510	484	486	MS	T047	C0026769
28098510	487	495	patients	T101	C0030705
28098510	503	511	controls	T096	C0009932
28098510	513	533	Cognitively impaired	T048	C0338656
28098510	535	537	CI	T048	C0338656
28098510	539	547	patients	T101	C0030705
28098510	555	563	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28098510	564	588	neuropsychological tests	T060	C0027902
28098510	590	608	Diffusivity values	T077	C3899378
28098510	612	615	CLs	T047	C0221505
28098510	617	623	cortex	T023	C0007776
28098510	625	650	white matter (WM) lesions	T033	C2752009
28098510	656	680	normal-appearing (NA) WM	T024	C0682708
28098510	686	694	assessed	T052	C1516048
28098510	696	706	Predictors	T078	C2698872
28098510	710	730	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28098510	736	746	identified	T080	C0205396
28098510	755	777	random forest analysis	T062	C0936012
28098510	791	799	controls	T096	C0009932
28098510	801	803	MS	T047	C0026769
28098510	804	812	patients	T101	C0030705
28098510	817	822	lower	T080	C0205251
28098510	823	846	normalized brain volume	T081	C1113695
28098510	848	851	NBV	T081	C1113695
28098510	854	872	gray matter volume	T081	C0392762
28098510	874	877	GMV	T081	C0392762
28098510	880	889	WM volume	T033	C3278845
28098510	891	896	lower	T080	C0205251
28098510	897	918	fractional anisotropy	T081	C0392762
28098510	920	922	FA	T081	C0392762
28098510	929	935	higher	T080	C0205250
28098510	936	952	mean diffusivity	T077	C3899378
28098510	956	962	cortex	T023	C0007776
28098510	967	996	normal-appearing white matter	T024	C0682708
28098510	998	1002	NAWM	T024	C0682708
28098510	1027	1035	patients	T101	C0030705
28098510	1041	1043	CI	T048	C0338656
28098510	1057	1078	cognitively preserved	T101	C0030705
28098510	1080	1082	CP	T101	C0030705
28098510	1085	1087	CI	T048	C0338656
28098510	1088	1096	patients	T101	C0030705
28098510	1101	1107	higher	T080	C0205250
28098510	1108	1127	T2 WM lesion volume	T081	C0392762
28098510	1129	1131	LV	T081	C0392762
28098510	1134	1139	lower	T080	C0205251
28098510	1140	1143	NBV	T081	C1113695
28098510	1148	1151	GMV	T081	C0392762
28098510	1162	1168	severe	T080	C0205082
28098510	1169	1180	diffusivity	T077	C3899378
28098510	1181	1194	abnormalities	T020	C0221430
28098510	1198	1208	WM lesions	T033	C2752009
28098510	1210	1216	cortex	T023	C0007776
28098510	1222	1226	NAWM	T024	C0682708
28098510	1228	1230	CL	T047	C0221505
28098510	1231	1239	measures	T081	C0079809
28098510	1244	1254	not differ	T033	C0243095
28098510	1263	1265	CI	T101	C0030705
28098510	1270	1281	CP patients	T101	C0030705
28098510	1283	1289	Cortex	T023	C0007776
28098510	1290	1292	FA	T081	C0392762
28098510	1294	1297	age	T032	C0001779
28098510	1299	1315	disease duration	T079	C0872146
28098510	1317	1325	T2 WM LV	T081	C0392762
28098510	1331	1334	GMV	T081	C0392762
28098510	1350	1352	MS	T047	C0026769
28098510	1362	1382	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28098510	1407	1414	Diffuse	T082	C0205219
28098510	1417	1419	GM	T024	C0018220
28098510	1424	1428	NAWM	T024	C0682708
28098510	1429	1435	damage	T169	C1883709
28098510	1440	1450	WM lesions	T033	C2752009
28098510	1464	1473	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28098510	1474	1476	CL	T047	C0221505
28098510	1477	1483	damage	T169	C1883709
28098510	1499	1519	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28098510	1523	1525	MS	T047	C0026769

28099123|t|Hyperandrogenemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: prevalence, characteristics and association with body mass index
28099123|a|Hyperandrogenemia is one of the major diagnostic features for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and the characteristics of hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS and to investigate the association of clinical and biochemical characteristics with body mass index (BMI) according to the presence of hyperandrogenemia. We studied 266 women diagnosed with PCOS. Hyperandrogenemia was defined by testosterone (T) and/or free testosterone (FT) and/or ∆4 androstenedione (Δ4-A) higher than 75% of the upper limits of each hormone. Patients were stratified in two groups according to a BMI threshold of 25 kg/m2. Hyperandrogenemia was present in 78.2% of the patients. Elevated levels of T were found in 58.4%, while elevated levels of FT and Δ4-A were found in 42.5% and 34.1% of patients. In normal weight women (BMI ≤25 kg/m2) with hyperandrogenemia lower values of hip circumference and HOMA-IR and increased levels of T, FT, Δ4-A, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophils were observed compared to women without hyperandrogenemia. Also, in overweight women higher levels of T, FT, Δ4-A, 17-OHP, DHEAS and cortisol were measured, while lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were comparable to women without hyperandrogenemia. This study showed high prevalence of hyperandrogenemia in PCOS women. Women with BMI ≤25 kg/m2 have significant differences in androgens, WBC, neutrophils and HOMA-IR and women with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 in androgens, TSH and cortisol according to the presence or not of hyperandrogenemia.
28099123	0	17	Hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28099123	21	26	women	T098	C0043210
28099123	32	57	polycystic ovary syndrome	T047	C0032460
28099123	59	69	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28099123	71	86	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28099123	91	107	association with	T080	C0332281
28099123	108	123	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28099123	124	141	Hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28099123	162	172	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28099123	190	199	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28099123	203	228	polycystic ovary syndrome	T047	C0032460
28099123	230	234	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28099123	266	274	estimate	T081	C0750572
28099123	279	289	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28099123	298	313	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28099123	317	334	hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28099123	338	343	women	T098	C0043210
28099123	349	353	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28099123	361	372	investigate	T169	C1292732
28099123	392	400	clinical	T080	C0205210
28099123	405	416	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28099123	417	432	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28099123	438	453	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28099123	455	458	BMI	T201	C1305855
28099123	477	485	presence	T033	C0150312
28099123	489	506	hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28099123	523	528	women	T098	C0043210
28099123	529	538	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28099123	544	548	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28099123	550	567	Hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28099123	583	595	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28099123	597	598	T	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28099123	607	624	free testosterone	T109,T125	C0443483
28099123	626	628	FT	T109,T125	C0443483
28099123	637	655	∆4 androstenedione	T109,T121,T125	C4284099
28099123	657	661	Δ4-A	T109,T121,T125	C4284099
28099123	707	714	hormone	T125	C0019932
28099123	716	724	Patients	T101	C0030705
28099123	730	740	stratified	T080	C0205363
28099123	748	754	groups	T098	C1257890
28099123	770	773	BMI	T201	C1305855
28099123	774	783	threshold	T080	C0449864
28099123	797	814	Hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28099123	819	826	present	T033	C0150312
28099123	843	851	patients	T101	C0030705
28099123	853	861	Elevated	T080	C3163633
28099123	872	873	T	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28099123	901	909	elevated	T080	C3163633
28099123	920	922	FT	T109,T125	C0443483
28099123	927	931	Δ4-A	T109,T121,T125	C4284099
28099123	965	973	patients	T101	C0030705
28099123	978	991	normal weight	T033	C2712185
28099123	992	997	women	T098	C0043210
28099123	999	1002	BMI	T201	C1305855
28099123	1019	1036	hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28099123	1053	1070	hip circumference	T201	C0562350
28099123	1075	1082	HOMA-IR	T059	C3639411
28099123	1087	1096	increased	T081	C0205217
28099123	1107	1108	T	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28099123	1110	1112	FT	T109,T125	C0443483
28099123	1114	1118	Δ4-A	T109,T121,T125	C4284099
28099123	1120	1142	17-hydroxyprogesterone	T109,T121,T125	C0045010
28099123	1144	1150	17-OHP	T109,T121,T125	C0045010
28099123	1153	1183	dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate	T109,T121,T123	C0057277
28099123	1185	1190	DHEAS	T109,T121,T123	C0057277
28099123	1193	1210	white blood cells	T025	C0023516
28099123	1212	1215	WBC	T025	C0023516
28099123	1221	1232	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28099123	1259	1264	women	T098	C0043210
28099123	1273	1290	hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28099123	1301	1311	overweight	T184	C0497406
28099123	1312	1317	women	T098	C0043210
28099123	1335	1336	T	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28099123	1338	1340	FT	T109,T125	C0443483
28099123	1342	1346	Δ4-A	T109,T121,T125	C4284099
28099123	1348	1354	17-OHP	T109,T121,T125	C0045010
28099123	1356	1361	DHEAS	T109,T121,T123	C0057277
28099123	1366	1374	cortisol	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
28099123	1380	1388	measured	T080	C0444706
28099123	1402	1442	thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels	T059	C0202230
28099123	1462	1467	women	T098	C0043210
28099123	1476	1493	hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28099123	1518	1528	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28099123	1532	1549	hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28099123	1553	1557	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28099123	1558	1563	women	T098	C0043210
28099123	1565	1570	Women	T098	C0043210
28099123	1576	1579	BMI	T201	C1305855
28099123	1595	1606	significant	T078	C0750502
28099123	1622	1631	androgens	T121,T125	C0002844
28099123	1633	1636	WBC	T025	C0023516
28099123	1638	1649	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28099123	1654	1661	HOMA-IR	T059	C3639411
28099123	1666	1671	women	T098	C0043210
28099123	1677	1680	BMI	T201	C1305855
28099123	1694	1703	androgens	T121,T125	C0002844
28099123	1705	1708	TSH	T121	C2825077
28099123	1713	1721	cortisol	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
28099123	1739	1747	presence	T033	C0150312
28099123	1758	1775	hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574

28099237|t|Lower-Limb Muscular Strength, Balance, and Mobility Levels in Adults Following Severe Thermal Burn Injuries
28099237|a|Severe burn injuries are associated with hypermetabolic response and increased catabolism. These lead to a vast loss of muscle mass and reduced muscle strength and function. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the impact of severe burn injuries on lower-limb muscular strength, balance, and mobility level in adults. Forty burned adults with burned TBSA (burned TBSA) ≥40% participated in this study. The peak torque and total work of quadriceps and knee flexors were calculated at 150°/sec using Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Balance and mobility were tested via the Biodex balance device and the high mobility assessment tool, respectively. Twenty-three matched nonburned healthy adults were evaluated and served as a control group. Severely burned adults exhibited significantly lower peak torque and total work in their quadriceps (27.50 and 22.58%, P < .05) and knee flexors (23.72, and 21.65%, P < .05) relative to the nonburned adults. Burned adults had a significant decrease in stability index and balance including the dynamic limits of stability (P < .05). The high mobility assessment tool scores were significantly lower (42 ± 7.64, P < .05) when compared with control subjects (51 ± 1.62). Patients who had severe burns (burned TBSA ≥ 40%) showed muscular weakness, limited balance, and mobility levels between 16 and 24 weeks after discharge from the hospital compared with matched nonburned control subjects. These results can guide therapists in creating rehabilitation programs that focus on the specific difficulties faced by burned patients.
28099237	0	10	Lower-Limb	T023	C0023216
28099237	11	28	Muscular Strength	T042	C0517349
28099237	30	37	Balance	T040	C0014653
28099237	43	58	Mobility Levels	T033	C0517904
28099237	62	68	Adults	T100	C0001675
28099237	79	107	Severe Thermal Burn Injuries	T037	C0006434
28099237	108	128	Severe burn injuries	T037	C0006434
28099237	133	148	associated with	T080	C0332281
28099237	149	172	hypermetabolic response	T033	C0342952
28099237	177	186	increased	T081	C0205217
28099237	187	197	catabolism	T040	C0699900
28099237	220	239	loss of muscle mass	T033	C1849578
28099237	244	267	reduced muscle strength	T184	C0151786
28099237	272	280	function	T169	C0542341
28099237	297	300	aim	T078	C1947946
28099237	309	314	study	T062	C2603343
28099237	321	330	determine	T078	C0205258
28099237	335	341	impact	T080	C4049986
28099237	345	365	severe burn injuries	T037	C0006434
28099237	369	379	lower-limb	T023	C0023216
28099237	380	397	muscular strength	T042	C0517349
28099237	399	406	balance	T040	C0014653
28099237	412	426	mobility level	T033	C0517904
28099237	430	436	adults	T100	C0001675
28099237	444	450	burned	T037	C0006434
28099237	451	457	adults	T100	C0001675
28099237	463	469	burned	T037	C0006434
28099237	470	474	TBSA	T037	C0006434
28099237	476	487	burned TBSA	T037	C0006434
28099237	515	520	study	T062	C2603343
28099237	526	537	peak torque	T067	C0376590
28099237	556	566	quadriceps	T023	C0224440
28099237	571	583	knee flexors	T023	C0581536
28099237	589	599	calculated	T169	C0444686
28099237	618	647	Biodex isokinetic dynamometer	T074	C0180572
28099237	649	656	Balance	T040	C0014653
28099237	661	669	mobility	T033	C0517904
28099237	675	681	tested	T169	C0039593
28099237	690	711	Biodex balance device	T074	C0025080
28099237	720	749	high mobility assessment tool	T074	C0025080
28099237	778	785	matched	T080	C1708943
28099237	786	810	nonburned healthy adults	T033	C0686750
28099237	816	825	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28099237	842	855	control group	T096	C0009932
28099237	866	872	burned	T037	C0006434
28099237	873	879	adults	T100	C0001675
28099237	890	909	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28099237	910	921	peak torque	T067	C0376590
28099237	946	956	quadriceps	T023	C0224440
28099237	989	1001	knee flexors	T023	C0581536
28099237	1047	1063	nonburned adults	T033	C0686750
28099237	1065	1071	Burned	T037	C0006434
28099237	1072	1078	adults	T100	C0001675
28099237	1085	1105	significant decrease	T081	C0547047
28099237	1109	1124	stability index	T081	C0392762
28099237	1129	1136	balance	T040	C0014653
28099237	1169	1178	stability	T080	C0205360
28099237	1194	1223	high mobility assessment tool	T074	C0025080
28099237	1224	1230	scores	T081	C0449820
28099237	1236	1255	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28099237	1282	1290	compared	T052	C1707455
28099237	1296	1312	control subjects	T096	C0009932
28099237	1326	1334	Patients	T101	C0030705
28099237	1343	1355	severe burns	T037	C0006434
28099237	1357	1368	burned TBSA	T037	C0006434
28099237	1383	1400	muscular weakness	T184	C0151786
28099237	1410	1417	balance	T040	C0014653
28099237	1423	1438	mobility levels	T033	C0517904
28099237	1457	1462	weeks	T079	C0439230
28099237	1469	1478	discharge	T058	C0030685
28099237	1488	1496	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28099237	1497	1505	compared	T052	C1707455
28099237	1511	1518	matched	T080	C1708943
28099237	1529	1545	control subjects	T096	C0009932
28099237	1553	1560	results	T034	C0456984
28099237	1571	1581	therapists	T097	C0871525
28099237	1594	1617	rehabilitation programs	T169	C0034992
28099237	1623	1628	focus	T169	C1285542
28099237	1636	1657	specific difficulties	T033	C1299586
28099237	1667	1673	burned	T037	C0006434
28099237	1674	1682	patients	T101	C0030705

28099370|t|A Course -Based Approach to the Doctor of Nursing Practice Project: Supporting Student Growth From Concept to Completion
28099370|a|We describe a course -based approach to the doctor of nursing practice project in which students work in groups of 8 to 12 with a faculty member to complete individual final projects that require a minimum of 360 practicum hours in 3- semester -long courses. Project teams include agency or community -based mentors. Project findings are disseminated through written and oral reports. This approach preserves faculty resources and provides students with mentoring, opportunities for reflection, and time for project development.
28099370	2	8	Course	T079	C0750729
28099370	16	24	Approach	T082	C0449445
28099370	32	38	Doctor	T097	C0031831
28099370	42	66	Nursing Practice Project	T062	C0008967
28099370	79	86	Student	T098	C0038492
28099370	99	106	Concept	T078	C0178566
28099370	110	120	Completion	T080	C0205197
28099370	135	141	course	T079	C0750729
28099370	149	157	approach	T082	C0449445
28099370	165	171	doctor	T097	C0031831
28099370	175	199	nursing practice project	T062	C0008967
28099370	209	217	students	T098	C0038492
28099370	218	222	work	T057	C0043227
28099370	226	232	groups	T078	C0441833
28099370	251	265	faculty member	T097	C0015535
28099370	269	277	complete	T080	C0205197
28099370	295	303	projects	T077	C1709701
28099370	319	326	minimum	T080	C1524031
28099370	334	343	practicum	T065	C0032929
28099370	344	349	hours	T079	C0439227
28099370	356	364	semester	T079	C2348178
28099370	371	378	courses	T079	C0750729
28099370	380	393	Project teams	T096	C0871489
28099370	402	408	agency	T092	C0237463
28099370	412	421	community	T096	C0009462
28099370	429	436	mentors	T098	C0025369
28099370	438	454	Project findings	T033	C0243095
28099370	459	471	disseminated	T082	C0205221
28099370	480	487	written	T170	C0684224
28099370	492	504	oral reports	T170	C0684224
28099370	511	519	approach	T082	C0449445
28099370	530	537	faculty	T097	C0015535
28099370	538	547	resources	T169	C0024752
28099370	561	569	students	T098	C0038492
28099370	575	584	mentoring	T065	C4255266
28099370	586	599	opportunities	T078	C1254370
28099370	604	614	reflection	T054	C0037397
28099370	620	624	time	T079	C0040223
28099370	629	648	project development	T169	C1527148

28099597|t|Correlation between the histopathology of chronic urticaria and its clinical picture
28099597|a|Chronic urticaria is characterized by transient, pruritic lesions of varying sizes, with central pallor and well-defined edges, with disease duration longer than six weeks. Its cellular infiltrate consists of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils. There is a subgroup of patients with eosinophilic or neutrophilic urticaria, resistant to the treatment with antihistamines, but that respond to a combination of antihistamine with other drugs. To evaluate the present infiltration in chronic urticaria biopsies and correlate it with the clinical disease activity and response to treatment. Forty-one patients with chronic urticaria were classified according to the score of severity of the disease, response to treatment and type of perivascular infiltrate. Inflammatory infiltrates were divided in eosinophilic (46.30%), neutrophilic and mixed. An association was found between the eosinophilic infiltrate and clinical scores of greater severity (p = 0.002). This association shows that the eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrates denote high clinical activity, which means more severe and exuberant clinical pictures of the disease.
28099597	0	11	Correlation	T080	C1707520
28099597	24	38	histopathology	T169	C0243140
28099597	42	59	chronic urticaria	T047	C0263338
28099597	68	84	clinical picture	T201	C0683325
28099597	85	102	Chronic urticaria	T047	C0263338
28099597	123	132	transient	T079	C0205374
28099597	134	150	pruritic lesions	UnknownType	C0748813
28099597	162	167	sizes	T082	C0456389
28099597	174	181	central	T082	C0205099
28099597	182	188	pallor	T033	C0030232
28099597	218	225	disease	T047	C0012634
28099597	251	256	weeks	T079	C0439230
28099597	262	281	cellular infiltrate	T046	C1692321
28099597	294	305	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28099597	307	318	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
28099597	323	334	eosinophils	T025	C0014467
28099597	359	367	patients	T101	C0030705
28099597	373	385	eosinophilic	T025	C0014467
28099597	389	411	neutrophilic urticaria	T047	C1304205
28099597	430	439	treatment	T061	C0087111
28099597	445	459	antihistamines	T109,T121	C0003360
28099597	498	511	antihistamine	T109,T121	C0003360
28099597	523	528	drugs	T121	C0013227
28099597	554	566	infiltration	T046	C0332448
28099597	570	587	chronic urticaria	T047	C0263338
28099597	588	596	biopsies	T060	C0005558
28099597	623	648	clinical disease activity	UnknownType	C0544450
28099597	653	674	response to treatment	T201	C0521982
28099597	686	694	patients	T101	C0030705
28099597	700	717	chronic urticaria	T047	C0263338
28099597	751	768	score of severity	T081	C0457451
28099597	776	783	disease	T047	C0012634
28099597	785	806	response to treatment	T201	C0521982
28099597	819	842	perivascular infiltrate	T046	C1692321
28099597	844	868	Inflammatory infiltrates	T031	C0541629
28099597	885	897	eosinophilic	T025	C0014467
28099597	908	920	neutrophilic	T025	C0027950
28099597	935	946	association	T080	C0439849
28099597	969	992	eosinophilic infiltrate	T031	C0541629
28099597	997	1012	clinical scores	T081	C0457451
28099597	1024	1032	severity	T080	C0439793
28099597	1051	1062	association	T080	C0439849
28099597	1078	1115	eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrates	T031	C0541629
28099597	1128	1145	clinical activity	T184	C0037088
28099597	1164	1170	severe	T080	C0205082
28099597	1185	1202	clinical pictures	T201	C0683325
28099597	1210	1217	disease	T047	C0012634

28099754|t|Addressing the Crisis in the Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Path Forward
28099754|a|Considerable data and media attention have highlighted a potential " crisis " in the treatment of osteoporosis. Specifically, despite the availability of several effective drugs to prevent fractures, many patients who need pharmacological therapy are either not being prescribed these medications or if prescribed a medication, are simply not taking it. Although there are many reasons for this "gap" in the treatment of osteoporosis, a major factor is physician and patient concerns over the risk of side effects, especially atypical femur fractures (AFFs) related to bisphosphonate (and perhaps other antiresorptive) drug therapy. In this perspective, we review the current state of undertreatment of patients at increased fracture risk and suggest possible short-, intermediate-, and long-term approaches to address patient concerns, specifically those related to AFF risk. We suggest improved patient and physician education on prodromal symptoms, extended femur scans using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to monitor patients on antiresorptive treatment, better identification of high - risk patients perhaps using geometrical parameters from DXA and other risk factors, and more research on pharmacogenomics to identify risk markers. Although not the only impediment to appropriate treatment of osteoporosis, concern over AFFs remains a major issue and one that needs to be resolved for effective dissemination of existing treatments to reduce fracture risk. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
28099754	15	21	Crisis	T033	C0231224
28099754	29	38	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28099754	42	54	Osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28099754	84	88	data	T078	C1511726
28099754	93	98	media	T170	C0009458
28099754	99	108	attention	T041	C0004268
28099754	128	137	potential	T080	C3245505
28099754	140	146	crisis	T033	C0231224
28099754	156	165	treatment	T061	C0087111
28099754	169	181	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28099754	209	224	availability of	T169	C0470187
28099754	233	242	effective	T080	C1704419
28099754	243	248	drugs	T121	C0013227
28099754	260	269	fractures	T037	C0016658
28099754	276	284	patients	T101	C0030705
28099754	294	317	pharmacological therapy	T061	C0013216
28099754	339	349	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28099754	356	367	medications	T121	C0013227
28099754	374	384	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28099754	387	397	medication	T121	C0013227
28099754	479	488	treatment	T061	C0087111
28099754	492	504	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28099754	514	520	factor	T169	C1521761
28099754	524	533	physician	T097	C0031831
28099754	538	545	patient	T101	C0030705
28099754	546	554	concerns	T078	C2699424
28099754	564	568	risk	T078	C0035647
28099754	572	584	side effects	T046	C0879626
28099754	597	621	atypical femur fractures	T037	C3160754
28099754	623	627	AFFs	T037	C3160754
28099754	640	654	bisphosphonate	T121	C2267018
28099754	674	688	antiresorptive	T121	C0521941
28099754	690	702	drug therapy	T061	C0013216
28099754	756	770	undertreatment	T033	C0237227
28099754	774	782	patients	T101	C0030705
28099754	786	795	increased	T081	C0205217
28099754	796	804	fracture	T037	C0016658
28099754	805	809	risk	T078	C0035647
28099754	831	837	short-	T081	C1806781
28099754	839	852	intermediate-	T082	C0205103
28099754	858	867	long-term	T079	C0443252
28099754	868	878	approaches	T082	C0449445
28099754	890	897	patient	T101	C0030705
28099754	898	906	concerns	T078	C2699424
28099754	938	941	AFF	T037	C3160754
28099754	942	946	risk	T078	C0035647
28099754	959	967	improved	T033	C0184511
28099754	968	975	patient	T101	C0030705
28099754	980	989	physician	T097	C0031831
28099754	990	999	education	T185	C0013622
28099754	1003	1021	prodromal symptoms	T184	C3494358
28099754	1032	1037	femur	T023	C0015811
28099754	1038	1043	scans	T060	C0441633
28099754	1050	1082	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
28099754	1084	1087	DXA	T060	C1510486
28099754	1092	1108	monitor patients	T058	C0030695
28099754	1112	1126	antiresorptive	T121	C0521941
28099754	1127	1136	treatment	T061	C0087111
28099754	1138	1144	better	T080	C0332272
28099754	1145	1159	identification	T080	C0205396
28099754	1163	1167	high	T080	C0205250
28099754	1170	1174	risk	T078	C0035647
28099754	1175	1183	patients	T101	C0030705
28099754	1198	1220	geometrical parameters	T077	C0549193
28099754	1226	1229	DXA	T060	C1510486
28099754	1240	1252	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28099754	1275	1291	pharmacogenomics	T091	C1138555
28099754	1304	1316	risk markers	T080	C1519104
28099754	1366	1375	treatment	T061	C0087111
28099754	1379	1391	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28099754	1393	1400	concern	T078	C2699424
28099754	1406	1410	AFFs	T037	C3160754
28099754	1427	1432	issue	T033	C0033213
28099754	1458	1466	resolved	T033	C3714811
28099754	1471	1480	effective	T080	C1704419
28099754	1481	1494	dissemination	T082	C0205221
28099754	1507	1517	treatments	T061	C0087111
28099754	1528	1536	fracture	T037	C0016658
28099754	1537	1541	risk	T078	C0035647

28099853|t|A Tissue-Mapped Axolotl De Novo Transcriptome Enables Identification of Limb Regeneration Factors
28099853|a|Mammals have extremely limited regenerative capabilities; however, axolotls are profoundly regenerative and can replace entire limbs. The mechanisms underlying limb regeneration remain poorly understood, partly because the enormous and incompletely sequenced genomes of axolotls have hindered the study of genes facilitating regeneration. We assembled and annotated a de novo transcriptome using RNA-sequencing profiles for a broad spectrum of tissues that is estimated to have near-complete sequence information for 88% of axolotl genes. We devised expression analyses that identified the axolotl orthologs of cirbp and kazald1 as highly expressed and enriched in blastemas. Using morpholino anti-sense oligonucleotides, we find evidence that cirbp plays a cytoprotective role during limb regeneration whereas manipulation of kazald1 expression disrupts regeneration. Our transcriptome and annotation resources greatly complement previous transcriptomic studies and will be a valuable resource for future research in regenerative biology.
28099853	2	15	Tissue-Mapped	T059	C0028627
28099853	16	23	Axolotl	T011	C0002430
28099853	24	31	De Novo	T078	C1515568
28099853	32	45	Transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28099853	72	97	Limb Regeneration Factors	T040	C0596841
28099853	98	105	Mammals	T015	C0024660
28099853	129	141	regenerative	T042	C0034963
28099853	142	154	capabilities	T080	C2698977
28099853	165	173	axolotls	T011	C0002430
28099853	189	201	regenerative	T042	C0034963
28099853	218	230	entire limbs	T023	C0015385
28099853	258	275	limb regeneration	T040	C0596841
28099853	334	346	incompletely	T080	C0205257
28099853	347	356	sequenced	T169	C1519249
28099853	357	364	genomes	T028	C0017428
28099853	368	376	axolotls	T011	C0002430
28099853	395	409	study of genes	T062	C2827447
28099853	423	435	regeneration	T042	C0034963
28099853	454	463	annotated	T080	C1552720
28099853	466	473	de novo	T078	C1515568
28099853	474	487	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28099853	494	517	RNA-sequencing profiles	T086	C0162327
28099853	524	538	broad spectrum	T081	C0392762
28099853	542	549	tissues	T024	C0040300
28099853	576	589	near-complete	T080	C0205197
28099853	590	598	sequence	T169	C1519249
28099853	622	629	axolotl	T011	C0002430
28099853	630	635	genes	T028	C0017337
28099853	648	667	expression analyses	T059,T063	C0752248
28099853	688	695	axolotl	T011	C0002430
28099853	696	705	orthologs	T028	C1335144
28099853	709	714	cirbp	T028	C1413426
28099853	719	726	kazald1	T028	C1537434
28099853	737	746	expressed	T045	C0017262
28099853	763	772	blastemas	T024	C0596184
28099853	780	790	morpholino	T114	C1881903
28099853	791	818	anti-sense oligonucleotides	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
28099853	842	847	cirbp	T028	C1413426
28099853	856	875	cytoprotective role	T039	C0524828
28099853	883	900	limb regeneration	T040	C0596841
28099853	909	921	manipulation	T063	C0178659
28099853	925	932	kazald1	T028	C1537434
28099853	933	943	expression	T045	C0017262
28099853	944	952	disrupts	T080	C0332454
28099853	953	965	regeneration	T040	C0596841
28099853	971	984	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28099853	989	999	annotation	T063	C2936606
28099853	1038	1052	transcriptomic	T086	C3178810
28099853	1116	1136	regenerative biology	T042	C0034963

28100136|t|Barriers to access and uptake of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Hanoi, Vietnam: from HIV testing to treatment
28100136|a|Little is known about the experiences of Vietnamese men who have sex with men in accessing HIV testing and treatment. We aimed to explore barriers to access and uptake of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Hanoi. During 2015, we conducted qualitative interviews with 35 participants recruited using snowball sampling based on previous research and social networks. Key individual impediments to ART uptake included inadequate preparation for a positive diagnosis and the dual stigmatisation of homosexuality and HIV and its consequences, leading to fear of disclosure of HIV status. Health system barriers included lack of clarity and consistency about how to register for and access ART, failure to protect patient confidentiality and a reticence by providers to discuss sexual identity and same-sex issues. Results suggest fundamental problems in the way HIV testing is currently delivered in Hanoi, including a lack of client-centred counselling, peer support and clear referral pathways. Overcoming these barriers will require educating men who have sex with men about the benefits of routine testing, improving access to quality diagnostic services and building a safe, confidential treatment environment for HIV-positive men to access, receive and remain in care.
28100136	0	8	Barriers	T080	C0679881
28100136	12	29	access and uptake	T080	C0018748
28100136	33	55	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
28100136	62	74	HIV-positive	T034	C0019699
28100136	75	100	men who have sex with men	T098	C2827413
28100136	104	109	Hanoi	UnknownType	C0681784
28100136	111	118	Vietnam	T083	C0042658
28100136	125	136	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
28100136	140	149	treatment	T061	C0087111
28100136	176	187	experiences	T041	C0596545
28100136	191	201	Vietnamese	T098	C1561452
28100136	202	227	men who have sex with men	T098	C2827413
28100136	231	240	accessing	T082	C0444454
28100136	241	252	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
28100136	257	266	treatment	T061	C0087111
28100136	288	296	barriers	T080	C0679881
28100136	300	317	access and uptake	T080	C0018748
28100136	321	343	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
28100136	345	348	ART	T061	C1963724
28100136	356	368	HIV-positive	T034	C0019699
28100136	369	394	men who have sex with men	T098	C2827413
28100136	398	403	Hanoi	UnknownType	C0681784
28100136	431	442	qualitative	T080	C0205556
28100136	443	453	interviews	T052	C0021822
28100136	462	474	participants	T098	C0679646
28100136	491	508	snowball sampling	T062	C2348215
28100136	527	535	research	T062	C0035168
28100136	540	555	social networks	T098	C0150775
28100136	587	590	ART	T061	C1963724
28100136	607	617	inadequate	T080	C0205412
28100136	618	629	preparation	T052	C1521827
28100136	636	644	positive	T033	C1446409
28100136	645	654	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28100136	668	682	stigmatisation	T078	C0038330
28100136	686	699	homosexuality	T054	C0019900
28100136	704	707	HIV	T005	C0019682
28100136	716	728	consequences	T062	C1511482
28100136	741	745	fear	T041	C0015726
28100136	749	759	disclosure	T055	C0012625
28100136	763	773	HIV status	T033	C0458074
28100136	775	788	Health system	T093	C0018696
28100136	789	797	barriers	T080	C0679881
28100136	827	838	consistency	T080	C0332529
28100136	869	875	access	T080	C0018748
28100136	876	879	ART	T061	C1963724
28100136	900	907	patient	T101	C0030705
28100136	908	923	confidentiality	T078	C0009669
28100136	943	952	providers	T169	C1138603
28100136	964	979	sexual identity	T041	C0017249
28100136	984	999	same-sex issues	T054	C0019900
28100136	1049	1060	HIV testing	T059	C1321876
28100136	1087	1092	Hanoi	UnknownType	C0681784
28100136	1129	1140	counselling	T058	C0010210
28100136	1142	1154	peer support	T061	C0679740
28100136	1159	1173	clear referral	T058	C0034927
28100136	1201	1209	barriers	T080	C0679881
28100136	1233	1258	men who have sex with men	T098	C2827413
28100136	1269	1277	benefits	T081	C0814225
28100136	1281	1296	routine testing	T060	C2188403
28100136	1298	1307	improving	T080	C1272745
28100136	1308	1314	access	T080	C0018748
28100136	1326	1345	diagnostic services	T058	C0011929
28100136	1367	1379	confidential	T033	C3846676
28100136	1380	1389	treatment	T061	C0087111
28100136	1390	1401	environment	T082	C0014406
28100136	1406	1418	HIV-positive	T034	C0019699
28100136	1419	1422	men	T098	C0025266
28100136	1426	1432	access	T080	C0018748
28100136	1434	1460	receive and remain in care	T052	C1947933

28100635|t|Phospholipase Lpl1 links lipid droplet function with quality control protein degradation
28100635|a|Protein misfolding is toxic to cells and is believed to underlie many human diseases, including many neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, cells have developed stress responses to deal with misfolded proteins. The transcription factor Rpn4 mediates one such response and is best known for regulating the abundance of the proteasome, the complex multisubunit protease that destroys proteins. Here we identify Lpl1 as an unexpected target of the Rpn4 response. Lpl1 is a phospholipase and a component of the lipid droplet. Lpl1 has dual functions: it is required for both efficient proteasome -mediated protein degradation and the dynamic regulation of lipid droplets. Lpl1 shows a synthetic genetic interaction with Hac1, the master regulator of a second proteotoxic stress response, the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR has long been known to regulate phospholipid metabolism, and Lpl1 's relationship with Hac1 appears to reflect Hac1 's role in stimulating phospholipid synthesis under stress. Thus two distinct proteotoxic stress responses control phospholipid metabolism. Furthermore, these results provide a direct link between the lipid droplet and proteasomal protein degradation and suggest that dynamic regulation of lipid droplets is a key aspect of some proteotoxic stress responses.
28100635	0	18	Phospholipase Lpl1	T116,T126	C0031671
28100635	25	38	lipid droplet	T026	C0230704
28100635	39	47	function	T044	C1148560
28100635	53	68	quality control	T169	C0034378
28100635	69	88	protein degradation	T044	C0597304
28100635	89	107	Protein misfolding	T044	C0162847
28100635	111	116	toxic	T080	C1407029
28100635	120	125	cells	T025	C0007634
28100635	159	164	human	T016	C0086418
28100635	165	173	diseases	T047	C0012634
28100635	190	216	neurodegenerative diseases	T047	C0524851
28100635	231	236	cells	T025	C0007634
28100635	252	268	stress responses	T039	C1656420
28100635	282	300	misfolded proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28100635	306	326	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28100635	327	331	Rpn4	T116,T123	C1431886
28100635	350	358	response	T043	C1516374
28100635	381	391	regulating	T038	C1327622
28100635	396	405	abundance	T080	C2346714
28100635	413	423	proteasome	T116,T126	C0208355
28100635	429	458	complex multisubunit protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28100635	464	472	destroys	T052	C1948029
28100635	473	481	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28100635	500	504	Lpl1	T116,T126	C0031671
28100635	536	540	Rpn4	T116,T123	C1431886
28100635	541	549	response	T043	C1516374
28100635	551	555	Lpl1	T116,T126	C0031671
28100635	561	574	phospholipase	T116,T126	C0031671
28100635	581	590	component	T116,T123	C1179435
28100635	598	611	lipid droplet	T026	C0230704
28100635	613	617	Lpl1	T116,T126	C0031671
28100635	622	636	dual functions	T044	C1148560
28100635	662	671	efficient	T080	C0442799
28100635	672	682	proteasome	T116,T126	C0208355
28100635	693	712	protein degradation	T044	C0597304
28100635	721	739	dynamic regulation	T038	C1327622
28100635	743	757	lipid droplets	T026	C0230704
28100635	759	763	Lpl1	T116,T126	C0031671
28100635	782	801	genetic interaction	T045	C0314627
28100635	807	811	Hac1	T116,T123	C0292801
28100635	824	833	regulator	T077	C1704735
28100635	846	873	proteotoxic stress response	T039	C0282498
28100635	879	904	unfolded protein response	T043	C1155342
28100635	906	909	UPR	T043	C1155342
28100635	916	919	UPR	T043	C1155342
28100635	943	975	regulate phospholipid metabolism	T043	C3895038
28100635	981	985	Lpl1	T116,T126	C0031671
28100635	1007	1011	Hac1	T116,T123	C0292801
28100635	1031	1035	Hac1	T116,T123	C0292801
28100635	1039	1043	role	T077	C1705810
28100635	1059	1081	phospholipid synthesis	T044	C1157377
28100635	1114	1142	proteotoxic stress responses	T039	C0282498
28100635	1151	1174	phospholipid metabolism	T044	C1158419
28100635	1195	1202	results	T169	C1274040
28100635	1237	1250	lipid droplet	T026	C0230704
28100635	1255	1266	proteasomal	T116,T126	C0208355
28100635	1267	1286	protein degradation	T044	C0597304
28100635	1304	1322	dynamic regulation	T038	C1327622
28100635	1326	1340	lipid droplets	T026	C0230704
28100635	1365	1393	proteotoxic stress responses	T039	C0282498

28100698|t|Cdc45 - induced loading of human RPA onto single-stranded DNA
28100698|a|Cell division cycle protein 45 (Cdc45) is an essential component of the eukaryotic replicative DNA helicase. We found that human Cdc45 forms a complex with the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein RPA. Moreover, it actively loads RPA onto nascent ssDNA. Pull-down assays and surface plasmon resonance studies revealed that Cdc45 - bound RPA complexed with ssDNA in the 8-10 nucleotide binding mode, but dissociated when RPA covered a 30-mer. Real-time analysis of RPA - ssDNA binding demonstrated that Cdc45 catalytically loaded RPA onto ssDNA. This placement reaction required physical contacts of Cdc45 with the RPA70A subdomain. Our results imply that Cdc45 controlled stabilization of the 8- nt RPA binding mode, the subsequent RPA transition into 30-mer mode and facilitated an ordered binding to ssDNA. We propose that a Cdc45 -mediated loading guarantees a seamless deposition of RPA on newly emerging ssDNA at the nascent replication fork.
28100698	0	5	Cdc45	T116,T123	C0755538
28100698	8	15	induced	T169	C0205263
28100698	16	23	loading	T052	C1708715
28100698	27	36	human RPA	T116,T123	C0122446
28100698	42	61	single-stranded DNA	T114	C0012935
28100698	62	92	Cell division cycle protein 45	T116,T123	C0755538
28100698	94	99	Cdc45	T116,T123	C0755538
28100698	134	144	eukaryotic	T204	C0684063
28100698	145	156	replicative	T080	C1883725
28100698	157	169	DNA helicase	T116,T126	C0920283
28100698	185	196	human Cdc45	T116,T123	C0755538
28100698	205	212	complex	T104	C1704241
28100698	222	269	single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein RPA	T116,T123	C0165675
28100698	293	298	loads	T052	C1708715
28100698	299	302	RPA	T116,T123	C0165675
28100698	316	321	ssDNA	T114	C0012935
28100698	323	339	Pull-down assays	T059	C0022885
28100698	344	377	surface plasmon resonance studies	T063	C0597731
28100698	392	397	Cdc45	T116,T123	C0755538
28100698	400	405	bound	T044	C1167622
28100698	406	409	RPA	T116,T123	C0165675
28100698	410	419	complexed	T104	C1704241
28100698	425	430	ssDNA	T114	C0012935
28100698	443	461	nucleotide binding	T044	C1148916
28100698	472	483	dissociated	T044	C1148560
28100698	489	492	RPA	T116,T123	C0165675
28100698	503	509	30-mer	T086	C0004793
28100698	511	529	Real-time analysis	T059	C0022885
28100698	533	536	RPA	T116,T123	C0165675
28100698	539	544	ssDNA	T114	C0012935
28100698	545	552	binding	T044	C1167622
28100698	571	576	Cdc45	T116,T123	C0755538
28100698	591	597	loaded	T052	C1708715
28100698	598	601	RPA	T116,T123	C0165675
28100698	607	612	ssDNA	T114	C0012935
28100698	619	628	placement	T080	C1524072
28100698	629	637	reaction	T169	C0443286
28100698	647	664	physical contacts	T067	C0392367
28100698	668	673	Cdc45	T116,T123	C0755538
28100698	683	699	RPA70A subdomain	T087	C1514562
28100698	724	729	Cdc45	T116,T123	C0755538
28100698	741	754	stabilization	T061	C1293130
28100698	765	767	nt	T114	C0028630
28100698	768	771	RPA	T116,T123	C0165675
28100698	772	779	binding	T044	C1167622
28100698	801	804	RPA	T116,T123	C0165675
28100698	821	827	30-mer	T086	C0004793
28100698	828	832	mode	T169	C1513371
28100698	860	867	binding	T044	C1167622
28100698	871	876	ssDNA	T114	C0012935
28100698	896	901	Cdc45	T116,T123	C0755538
28100698	912	919	loading	T052	C1708715
28100698	942	952	deposition	T169	C0333562
28100698	956	959	RPA	T116,T123	C0165675
28100698	978	983	ssDNA	T114	C0012935
28100698	999	1015	replication fork	T026	C1167117

28101400|t|Choriocapillaris evaluation in choroideremia using optical coherence tomography angiography
28101400|a|The choriocapillaris plays an important role in supporting the metabolic demands of the retina. Studies of the choriocapillaris in disease states with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) have proven insightful. However, image artifacts complicate the identification and quantification of the choriocapillaris in degenerative diseases such as choroideremia. Here, we demonstrate a supervised machine learning approach to detect intact choriocapillaris based on training with results from an expert grader. We trained a random forest classifier to evaluate en face structural OCT and OCTA information along with spatial image features. Evaluation of the trained classifier using previously unseen data showed good agreement with manual grading.
28101400	0	16	Choriocapillaris	T023	C0229143
28101400	17	27	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28101400	31	44	choroideremia	T047	C0008525
28101400	51	91	optical coherence tomography angiography	T060	C0079595
28101400	96	112	choriocapillaris	T023	C0229143
28101400	132	136	role	T077	C1705810
28101400	155	164	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28101400	165	172	demands	T061	C0441516
28101400	180	186	retina	T023	C0035298
28101400	203	219	choriocapillaris	T023	C0229143
28101400	223	230	disease	T047	C0012634
28101400	231	237	states	T169	C1442792
28101400	243	283	optical coherence tomography angiography	T060	C0079595
28101400	285	289	OCTA	T060	C0079595
28101400	324	339	image artifacts	T033	C0243095
28101400	340	350	complicate	T169	C0231242
28101400	355	369	identification	T080	C0205396
28101400	374	388	quantification	T081	C1709793
28101400	396	412	choriocapillaris	T023	C0229143
28101400	416	437	degenerative diseases	T047	C1285162
28101400	446	459	choroideremia	T047	C0008525
28101400	495	511	machine learning	T066	C0376284
28101400	512	520	approach	T078	C1254370
28101400	524	530	detect	T033	C0442726
28101400	531	537	intact	T080	C0205266
28101400	538	554	choriocapillaris	T023	C0229143
28101400	564	572	training	T065	C0040607
28101400	578	585	results	T169	C1274040
28101400	594	607	expert grader	T097	C1522486
28101400	612	619	trained	T065	C0683844
28101400	622	628	random	T080	C0439605
28101400	629	646	forest classifier	T169	C4291659
28101400	662	681	face structural OCT	T060	C0920367
28101400	686	690	OCTA	T060	C0079595
28101400	691	702	information	T078	C1533716
28101400	714	727	spatial image	T170	C1704922
28101400	728	736	features	T080	C2346469
28101400	756	763	trained	T065	C0683844
28101400	764	774	classifier	T169	C4291659
28101400	799	803	data	T078	C1511726
28101400	816	825	agreement	T080	C0332529
28101400	831	837	manual	T169	C0175674
28101400	838	845	grading	T185	C0441800

28101466|t|Characterization of the Effect of Drug-Drug Interaction on Protein Binding in Concurrent Administration of Sulfamethoxazol and Diclofenac Sodium Using Bovine Serum Albumin
28101466|a|Purpose: This project was aimed to determine the effect of concurrent administration of sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac sodium. Methods: Equilibrium dialysis method was adopted to study different protein binding aspects of sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac sodium. Results: Sulfamethoxazole showed two types of association constants; high affinity constant 29.0±0.20×10(6) M(-1) with lower number of binding sites of 0.7±1 and low affinity constant 1.13±0.20×10(6) M(-1) with higher number of binding sites of 3.45±1 at pH 7.4 and 40 °C temperature. Diclofenac sodium showed high affinity constant 33.66±0.20×10(6) M(-1) with lower number of binding sites of 1.01±1 and low affinity constant 1.72±0.20×10(6) M(-1) with higher number of binding sites of 6.40±1 at the same condition. Site specific probe displacement data implied that site-I, warfarin sodium site, was the high affinity site, while site-II, diazepam site, was the low affinity site for these drugs. During concurrent administration, sulfamethoxazole increased the free concentration of diclofenac sodium from 17.5±0.14% to 70.0±0.014% in absence and from 22.5±0.07% to 83.0±0.014% in presence of site-I specific probe. Diclofenac sodium also increased the free concentration of sulfamethoxazole from 2.8±0.07% to 52.0±0.14% and from 8.5±0.014% to 64.4±0.07% in absence and presence of site-I specific probe respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed that the concurrent administration of sulfamethoxazole and diclofenac sodium may result drug concentration alteration in blood.
28101466	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
28101466	24	30	Effect	T080	C1280500
28101466	34	55	Drug-Drug Interaction	T044	C0687133
28101466	59	74	Protein Binding	T044	C0033618
28101466	78	88	Concurrent	T079	C0205420
28101466	89	103	Administration	T061	C1533734
28101466	107	122	Sulfamethoxazol	T109,T195	C0038689
28101466	127	144	Diclofenac Sodium	T109,T121	C0700583
28101466	151	171	Bovine Serum Albumin	T116,T123	C0036774
28101466	186	193	project	T077	C1709701
28101466	221	227	effect	T080	C1280500
28101466	231	241	concurrent	T079	C0205420
28101466	242	256	administration	T061	C1533734
28101466	260	276	sulfamethoxazole	T109,T195	C0038689
28101466	281	298	diclofenac sodium	T109,T121	C0700583
28101466	309	336	Equilibrium dialysis method	T059	C0022885
28101466	352	357	study	T062	C2603343
28101466	368	391	protein binding aspects	T044	C0033618
28101466	395	411	sulfamethoxazole	T109,T195	C0038689
28101466	416	433	diclofenac sodium	T109,T121	C0700583
28101466	444	460	Sulfamethoxazole	T109,T195	C0038689
28101466	481	502	association constants	T081	C0392762
28101466	504	508	high	T080	C0205250
28101466	509	526	affinity constant	T081	C0392762
28101466	570	583	binding sites	T087	C1514562
28101466	597	600	low	T080	C0205251
28101466	601	618	affinity constant	T081	C0392762
28101466	663	676	binding sites	T087	C1514562
28101466	690	692	pH	T081	C4283908
28101466	707	718	temperature	T081	C0039476
28101466	720	737	Diclofenac sodium	T109,T121	C0700583
28101466	745	749	high	T080	C0205250
28101466	750	767	affinity constant	T081	C0392762
28101466	812	825	binding sites	T087	C1514562
28101466	840	843	low	T080	C0205251
28101466	844	861	affinity constant	T081	C0392762
28101466	906	919	binding sites	T087	C1514562
28101466	953	990	Site specific probe displacement data	T078	C1511726
28101466	1004	1010	site-I	T087	C1514562
28101466	1012	1027	warfarin sodium	T109,T121,T131	C0376218
28101466	1028	1032	site	T087	C1514562
28101466	1042	1060	high affinity site	T087	C1514562
28101466	1068	1075	site-II	T087	C1514562
28101466	1077	1085	diazepam	T109,T121	C0012010
28101466	1086	1090	site	T087	C1514562
28101466	1100	1117	low affinity site	T087	C1514562
28101466	1128	1133	drugs	T121	C1254351
28101466	1142	1152	concurrent	T079	C0205420
28101466	1153	1167	administration	T061	C1533734
28101466	1169	1185	sulfamethoxazole	T109,T195	C0038689
28101466	1200	1218	free concentration	T081	C0392762
28101466	1222	1239	diclofenac sodium	T109,T121	C0700583
28101466	1274	1281	absence	T169	C0332197
28101466	1320	1328	presence	T033	C0150312
28101466	1332	1353	site-I specific probe	T130	C0026381
28101466	1355	1372	Diclofenac sodium	T109,T121	C0700583
28101466	1392	1410	free concentration	T081	C0392762
28101466	1414	1430	sulfamethoxazole	T109,T195	C0038689
28101466	1497	1504	absence	T169	C0332197
28101466	1509	1517	presence	T033	C0150312
28101466	1521	1542	site-I specific probe	T130	C0026381
28101466	1573	1578	study	T062	C2603343
28101466	1597	1607	concurrent	T079	C0205420
28101466	1608	1622	administration	T061	C1533734
28101466	1626	1642	sulfamethoxazole	T109,T195	C0038689
28101466	1647	1664	diclofenac sodium	T109,T121	C0700583
28101466	1676	1705	drug concentration alteration	T033	C4062620
28101466	1709	1714	blood	T031	C0005767

28101482|t|Cefepime - Induced Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus in a Patient with Normal Renal Function
28101482|a|Cefepime - induced encephalopathy including nonconvulsive status epilepticus has been known to develop in the patients with renal impairment. However, we report a 74-year-old woman with normal renal function who developed stuporous mental status during cefepime administration. Electroencephalogram (EEG) revealed 2 Hz rhythmic sharp-and-waves continuously, which suggested nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). After cefepime discontinuation, clinical symptoms recovered gradually and EEG findings showed only background slowing without epileptiform discharges. Cefepime - induced NCSE could be developed even in the patients with normal renal function, when they are elderly. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of cefepime - induced NCSE when prescribing cefepime even to the patients with normal renal function.
28101482	0	8	Cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28101482	11	18	Induced	T169	C0205263
28101482	19	52	Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus	T047	C0751523
28101482	58	65	Patient	T101	C0030705
28101482	71	92	Normal Renal Function	T033	C0232805
28101482	93	101	Cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28101482	104	111	induced	T169	C0205263
28101482	112	126	encephalopathy	T047	C0085584
28101482	137	169	nonconvulsive status epilepticus	T047	C0751523
28101482	203	211	patients	T101	C0030705
28101482	217	233	renal impairment	T047	C0852163
28101482	247	253	report	T058	C0700287
28101482	268	273	woman	T098	C0043210
28101482	279	300	normal renal function	T033	C0232805
28101482	315	338	stuporous mental status	T048	C0270488
28101482	346	354	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28101482	355	369	administration	T061	C1533734
28101482	371	391	Electroencephalogram	T034	C1527380
28101482	393	396	EEG	T034	C1527380
28101482	398	406	revealed	T080	C0443289
28101482	412	436	rhythmic sharp-and-waves	T033	C2206519
28101482	467	499	nonconvulsive status epilepticus	T047	C0751523
28101482	501	505	NCSE	T047	C0751523
28101482	514	522	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28101482	523	538	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
28101482	540	557	clinical symptoms	T184	C1457887
28101482	558	567	recovered	T040	C2004454
28101482	568	577	gradually	T080	C0439833
28101482	582	585	EEG	T034	C1527380
28101482	586	594	findings	T033	C0243095
28101482	607	625	background slowing	T033	C3281035
28101482	634	657	epileptiform discharges	T033	C0474721
28101482	659	667	Cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28101482	670	677	induced	T169	C0205263
28101482	678	682	NCSE	T047	C0751523
28101482	714	722	patients	T101	C0030705
28101482	728	749	normal renal function	T033	C0232805
28101482	765	772	elderly	T098	C0001792
28101482	785	795	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28101482	819	830	possibility	T033	C0332149
28101482	834	842	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28101482	845	852	induced	T169	C0205263
28101482	853	857	NCSE	T047	C0751523
28101482	863	874	prescribing	T058	C2239117
28101482	875	883	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28101482	896	904	patients	T101	C0030705
28101482	910	931	normal renal function	T033	C0232805

28101523|t|Spatial Mnemonic Encoding: Theta Power Decreases and Medial Temporal Lobe BOLD Increases Co-Occur during the Usage of the Method of Loci
28101523|a|The method of loci is one, if not the most, efficient mnemonic encoding strategy. This spatial mnemonic combines the core cognitive processes commonly linked to medial temporal lobe (MTL) activity: spatial and associative memory processes. During such processes, fMRI studies consistently demonstrate MTL activity, while electrophysiological studies have emphasized the important role of theta oscillations (3-8 Hz) in the MTL. However, it is still unknown whether increases or decreases in theta power co-occur with increased BOLD signal in the MTL during memory encoding. To investigate this question, we recorded EEG and fMRI separately, while human participants used the spatial method of loci or the pegword method, a similarly associative but nonspatial mnemonic. The more effective spatial mnemonic induced a pronounced theta power decrease source localized to the left MTL compared with the nonspatial associative mnemonic strategy. This effect was mirrored by BOLD signal increases in the MTL. Successful encoding, irrespective of the strategy used, elicited decreases in left temporal theta power and increases in MTL BOLD activity. This pattern of results suggests a negative relationship between theta power and BOLD signal changes in the MTL during memory encoding and spatial processing. The findings extend the well known negative relation of alpha / beta oscillations and BOLD signals in the cortex to theta oscillations in the MTL.
28101523	0	7	Spatial	T041	C0814087
28101523	8	16	Mnemonic	T041	C0679055
28101523	17	25	Encoding	T041	C0679058
28101523	27	38	Theta Power	T042	C0039829
28101523	39	48	Decreases	T081	C0547047
28101523	53	59	Medial	T082	C0205098
28101523	60	73	Temporal Lobe	T023	C0039485
28101523	74	78	BOLD	T060	C1705491
28101523	79	88	Increases	T169	C0442805
28101523	89	97	Co-Occur	T052	C1709305
28101523	109	114	Usage	T169	C0457083
28101523	122	136	Method of Loci	T058	C3898430
28101523	141	155	method of loci	T058	C3898430
28101523	191	199	mnemonic	T041	C0679055
28101523	200	208	encoding	T041	C0679058
28101523	209	217	strategy	T041	C0679199
28101523	224	231	spatial	T041	C0814087
28101523	232	240	mnemonic	T041	C0679055
28101523	254	278	core cognitive processes	T041	C0025361
28101523	298	304	medial	T082	C0205098
28101523	305	318	temporal lobe	T023	C0039485
28101523	320	323	MTL	T023	C0039485
28101523	325	333	activity	T042	C1254358
28101523	335	342	spatial	T041	C0814087
28101523	359	375	memory processes	T041	C0679052
28101523	389	398	processes	T067	C1522240
28101523	400	404	fMRI	T060	C0376335
28101523	405	412	studies	T062	C2603343
28101523	438	441	MTL	T023	C0039485
28101523	442	450	activity	T042	C1254358
28101523	458	486	electrophysiological studies	T060	C0850293
28101523	517	521	role	T077	C1705810
28101523	525	543	theta oscillations	T042	C0039829
28101523	560	563	MTL	T023	C0039485
28101523	602	611	increases	T169	C0442805
28101523	615	624	decreases	T081	C0547047
28101523	628	639	theta power	T042	C0039829
28101523	640	648	co-occur	T052	C1709305
28101523	654	663	increased	T081	C0205217
28101523	664	668	BOLD	T060	C1705491
28101523	669	675	signal	T067	C1710082
28101523	683	686	MTL	T023	C0039485
28101523	694	700	memory	T041	C0025260
28101523	701	709	encoding	T041	C0679058
28101523	714	725	investigate	T169	C1292732
28101523	753	756	EEG	T060	C0013819
28101523	761	765	fMRI	T060	C0376335
28101523	784	789	human	T016	C0086418
28101523	790	802	participants	T098	C0679646
28101523	812	819	spatial	T041	C0814087
28101523	820	834	method of loci	T058	C3898430
28101523	842	856	pegword method	T058	C3898430
28101523	897	905	mnemonic	T041	C0679055
28101523	916	925	effective	T080	C1704419
28101523	926	933	spatial	T041	C0814087
28101523	934	942	mnemonic	T041	C0679055
28101523	943	950	induced	T169	C0205263
28101523	964	975	theta power	T042	C0039829
28101523	976	984	decrease	T081	C0547047
28101523	1009	1013	left	T082	C0205091
28101523	1014	1017	MTL	T023	C0039485
28101523	1059	1067	mnemonic	T041	C0679055
28101523	1068	1076	strategy	T041	C0679199
28101523	1083	1089	effect	T080	C1280500
28101523	1106	1110	BOLD	T060	C1705491
28101523	1111	1117	signal	T067	C1710082
28101523	1118	1127	increases	T169	C0442805
28101523	1135	1138	MTL	T023	C0039485
28101523	1151	1159	encoding	T041	C0679058
28101523	1181	1189	strategy	T041	C0679199
28101523	1196	1204	elicited	T080	C0449265
28101523	1205	1214	decreases	T081	C0547047
28101523	1218	1222	left	T082	C0205091
28101523	1223	1231	temporal	T023	C0039485
28101523	1232	1243	theta power	T042	C0039829
28101523	1248	1257	increases	T169	C0442805
28101523	1261	1264	MTL	T023	C0039485
28101523	1265	1269	BOLD	T060	C1705491
28101523	1270	1278	activity	T052	C0441655
28101523	1345	1356	theta power	T042	C0039829
28101523	1361	1365	BOLD	T060	C1705491
28101523	1366	1372	signal	T067	C1710082
28101523	1373	1380	changes	T169	C0392747
28101523	1388	1391	MTL	T023	C0039485
28101523	1399	1405	memory	T041	C0025260
28101523	1406	1414	encoding	T041	C0679058
28101523	1419	1437	spatial processing	T041	C3850026
28101523	1474	1482	negative	T033	C0205160
28101523	1495	1500	alpha	T042	C0039829
28101523	1503	1520	beta oscillations	T042	C0039829
28101523	1525	1529	BOLD	T060	C1705491
28101523	1530	1537	signals	T067	C1710082
28101523	1545	1551	cortex	T023	C0007776
28101523	1555	1573	theta oscillations	T042	C0039829
28101523	1581	1584	MTL	T023	C0039485

28101782|t|The antineoplastic drug, trastuzumab, dysregulates metabolism in iPSC -derived cardiomyocytes
28101782|a|The targeted ERBB2 therapy, trastuzumab, has had a tremendous impact on management of patients with HER2+ breast cancer, leading to development and increased use of further HER2 targeted therapies. The major clinical side effect is cardiotoxicity but the mechanism is largely unknown. On the basis that gene expression is known to be altered in multiple models of heart failure, we examined differential gene expression of iPSC -derived cardiomyocytes treated at day 11 with the ERBB2 targeted monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab for 48 h and the small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR and ERBB2. Transcriptome sequencing was performed on four replicates from each group (48 h untreated, 48 h trastuzumab and 48 h lapatinib) and differential gene expression analyses were performed on each treatment group relative to untreated cardiomyocytes. 517 and 1358 genes were differentially expressed, p < 0.05, respectively in cardiomyocytes treated with trastuzumab and lapatinib. Gene ontology analyses revealed in cardiomyocytes treated with trastuzumab, significant down-regulation of genes involved in small molecule metabolism (p = 3.22 �— 10(-9)) and cholesterol (p = 0.01) and sterol (p = 0.03) processing. We next measured glucose uptake and lactate production in iPSC -derived cardiomyocytes 13 days post-plating, treated with trastuzumab up to 96 h. We observed significantly decreased glucose uptake from the media of iPSC -derived cardiomyocytes treated with trastuzumab as early as 24 h (p = 0.001) and consistently up to 96 h (p = 0.03). Our study suggests dysregulation of cardiac gene expression and metabolism as key elements of ERBB2 signaling that could potentially be early biomarkers of cardiotoxicity.
28101782	4	23	antineoplastic drug	T109,T121	C0003392
28101782	25	36	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
28101782	38	50	dysregulates	T033	C0243095
28101782	51	61	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28101782	65	69	iPSC	T025	C2717959
28101782	79	93	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28101782	98	120	targeted ERBB2 therapy	T061	C2985566
28101782	122	133	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
28101782	156	162	impact	T080	C4049986
28101782	166	176	management	T058	C0376636
28101782	180	188	patients	T101	C0030705
28101782	194	213	HER2+ breast cancer	T191	C1960398
28101782	226	237	development	T169	C1527148
28101782	242	251	increased	T081	C0205217
28101782	267	271	HER2	T116,T126,T192	C0069515
28101782	272	290	targeted therapies	T061	C2985566
28101782	302	310	clinical	T080	C0205210
28101782	311	322	side effect	T046	C0879626
28101782	326	340	cardiotoxicity	T037	C0876994
28101782	349	358	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28101782	397	412	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28101782	428	435	altered	T169	C0392747
28101782	439	447	multiple	T081	C0439064
28101782	448	454	models	T170	C0026343
28101782	458	471	heart failure	T047	C0018801
28101782	485	513	differential gene expression	T045	C1519516
28101782	517	521	iPSC	T025	C2717959
28101782	531	545	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28101782	546	553	treated	T169	C1522326
28101782	557	560	day	T079	C0439228
28101782	573	578	ERBB2	T116,T126,T192	C1702024
28101782	588	607	monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
28101782	609	620	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
28101782	638	678	small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor	T121	C1268567
28101782	682	686	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28101782	691	696	ERBB2	T116,T126,T192	C1702024
28101782	698	722	Transcriptome sequencing	T059	C4086963
28101782	727	736	performed	T169	C0884358
28101782	745	755	replicates	T080	C1883725
28101782	766	771	group	T078	C0441833
28101782	794	805	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
28101782	815	824	lapatinib	T109,T121	C1506770
28101782	830	858	differential gene expression	T045	C1519516
28101782	859	867	analyses	T062	C0936012
28101782	873	882	performed	T169	C0884358
28101782	891	900	treatment	T169	C1522326
28101782	901	906	group	T078	C0441833
28101782	929	943	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28101782	958	963	genes	T028	C0017337
28101782	969	993	differentially expressed	T045	C0017262
28101782	1021	1035	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28101782	1036	1043	treated	T169	C1522326
28101782	1049	1060	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
28101782	1065	1074	lapatinib	T109,T121	C1506770
28101782	1076	1089	Gene ontology	T170	C1138831
28101782	1090	1098	analyses	T062	C0936012
28101782	1111	1125	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28101782	1126	1133	treated	T169	C1522326
28101782	1139	1150	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
28101782	1152	1163	significant	T078	C0750502
28101782	1164	1179	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
28101782	1183	1188	genes	T028	C0017337
28101782	1201	1226	small molecule metabolism	T040	C2752534
28101782	1252	1263	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28101782	1279	1285	sterol	T109	C0038323
28101782	1317	1325	measured	T080	C0444706
28101782	1326	1340	glucose uptake	T043	C1159527
28101782	1345	1352	lactate	T109,T121	C0376261
28101782	1353	1363	production	T169	C0205245
28101782	1367	1371	iPSC	T025	C2717959
28101782	1381	1395	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28101782	1399	1403	days	T079	C0439228
28101782	1418	1425	treated	T169	C1522326
28101782	1431	1442	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
28101782	1458	1466	observed	T169	C1441672
28101782	1467	1480	significantly	T081	C0237881
28101782	1481	1490	decreased	T081	C0205216
28101782	1491	1505	glucose uptake	T043	C1159527
28101782	1515	1520	media	T130	C0010454
28101782	1524	1528	iPSC	T025	C2717959
28101782	1538	1552	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28101782	1553	1560	treated	T169	C1522326
28101782	1566	1577	trastuzumab	T116,T121,T129	C0728747
28101782	1611	1623	consistently	T080	C0332529
28101782	1651	1656	study	T062	C2603343
28101782	1666	1679	dysregulation	T033	C0243095
28101782	1683	1690	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28101782	1691	1706	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28101782	1711	1721	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28101782	1741	1746	ERBB2	T028	C0242957
28101782	1747	1756	signaling	T044	C0037080
28101782	1768	1779	potentially	T080	C3245505
28101782	1789	1799	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28101782	1803	1817	cardiotoxicity	T037	C0876994

28101973|t|Heparin cross-linked collagen sponge scaffolds improve functional regeneration of rat tracheal epithelium
28101973|a|Tracheal epithelial cells maintain airway homeostasis by mediating mucociliary clearance. Following tracheal reconstruction, timely epithelial regeneration is required to prevent respiratory compromise and infectious diseases. To achieve rapid tracheal epithelial regeneration, a heparin cross-linked collagen sponge containing fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) was prepared as a graft for tracheal reconstruction. The heparin cross-linked sponge exhibited a high FGF-2 retaining capacity, and tracheal epithelial and mesenchymal cells cultured in this sponge containing FGF-2 showed high proliferative capacities. Subsequently, heparin -free collagen sponge scaffolds (C/F scaffold) and collagen sponge scaffolds cross-linked with 10 μg/ml heparin retained FGF-2 (C/H10/F scaffold), and were transplanted into rats with tracheal defects. Invasion of both epithelial and non-epithelial cells was greater in rats treated with the C/H10/F scaffold at 1 week post- transplantation than in rats treated with the C/F scaffold. Moreover, at 2 weeks after transplantation, improved cilia formation was observed in the C/H10/F scaffold group, with higher motility and more potent posterior-anterior flow generation than in the C/F scaffold group. These results suggest that heparin improves functional regeneration of tracheal epithelium. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
28101973	0	7	Heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
28101973	8	20	cross-linked	T070	C0178576
28101973	21	29	collagen	T116	C0009325
28101973	30	46	sponge scaffolds	T122	C0597587
28101973	55	78	functional regeneration	T042	C0034963
28101973	82	85	rat	T015	C0034693
28101973	86	105	tracheal epithelium	T024	C1179002
28101973	106	114	Tracheal	T023	C0040578
28101973	115	131	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
28101973	141	147	airway	T023	C0458827
28101973	148	159	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28101973	173	194	mucociliary clearance	T201	C0026687
28101973	206	229	tracheal reconstruction	T061	C0189421
28101973	238	248	epithelial	T024	C0014609
28101973	249	261	regeneration	T042	C0034963
28101973	277	284	prevent	T061	C0199176
28101973	285	307	respiratory compromise	T046	C0035229
28101973	312	331	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
28101973	344	349	rapid	T080	C0456962
28101973	350	358	tracheal	T023	C0040578
28101973	359	369	epithelial	T024	C0014609
28101973	370	382	regeneration	T042	C0034963
28101973	386	393	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
28101973	394	406	cross-linked	T070	C0178576
28101973	407	415	collagen	T116	C0009325
28101973	416	422	sponge	T122	C0597587
28101973	434	460	fibroblast growth factor-2	T116,T123	C0380603
28101973	462	467	FGF-2	T116,T123	C0380603
28101973	487	492	graft	T024	C0332835
28101973	497	520	tracheal reconstruction	T061	C0189421
28101973	526	533	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
28101973	534	546	cross-linked	T070	C0178576
28101973	547	553	sponge	T122	C0597587
28101973	566	570	high	T080	C0205250
28101973	571	576	FGF-2	T116,T123	C0380603
28101973	577	586	retaining	T169	C0333118
28101973	587	595	capacity	T081	C1516240
28101973	601	609	tracheal	T023	C0040578
28101973	610	620	epithelial	T025	C0014597
28101973	625	642	mesenchymal cells	T025	C1257975
28101973	643	651	cultured	T169	C0220814
28101973	660	666	sponge	T122	C0597587
28101973	678	683	FGF-2	T116,T123	C0380603
28101973	691	695	high	T080	C0205250
28101973	696	709	proliferative	T046	C0334094
28101973	710	720	capacities	T081	C1516240
28101973	736	743	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
28101973	750	758	collagen	T116	C0009325
28101973	759	775	sponge scaffolds	T122	C0597587
28101973	777	789	C/F scaffold	T122	C0597587
28101973	795	803	collagen	T116	C0009325
28101973	804	820	sponge scaffolds	T122	C0597587
28101973	821	833	cross-linked	T070	C0178576
28101973	848	855	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
28101973	865	870	FGF-2	T116,T123	C0380603
28101973	872	888	C/H10/F scaffold	T122	C0597587
28101973	900	912	transplanted	T169	C0700106
28101973	918	922	rats	T015	C0034693
28101973	928	944	tracheal defects	T033	C4062796
28101973	946	954	Invasion	T046	C2699153
28101973	963	973	epithelial	T025	C0014597
28101973	978	998	non-epithelial cells	T025	C0007634
28101973	1014	1018	rats	T015	C0034693
28101973	1019	1031	treated with	T061	C0332293
28101973	1036	1052	C/H10/F scaffold	T122	C0597587
28101973	1069	1084	transplantation	T061	C0040732
28101973	1093	1097	rats	T015	C0034693
28101973	1098	1110	treated with	T061	C0332293
28101973	1115	1127	C/F scaffold	T122	C0597587
28101973	1156	1171	transplantation	T061	C0040732
28101973	1182	1187	cilia	T026	C0008778
28101973	1188	1197	formation	T169	C1522492
28101973	1218	1234	C/H10/F scaffold	T122	C0597587
28101973	1247	1253	higher	T080	C0205250
28101973	1254	1262	motility	T040	C1510470
28101973	1279	1297	posterior-anterior	T082	C1999039
28101973	1298	1302	flow	T070	C0806140
28101973	1303	1313	generation	T052	C3146294
28101973	1326	1338	C/F scaffold	T122	C0597587
28101973	1373	1380	heparin	T109,T121,T123	C0019134
28101973	1390	1413	functional regeneration	T042	C0034963
28101973	1417	1436	tracheal epithelium	T024	C1179002

28102165|t|Occupational Activity in Patients 10 Years after Hip Replacement Surgery
28102165|a|Advanced hip osteoarthritis requires total joint replacement surgery to improve daily activity, including occupational activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate employment status among patients 10 years after hip replacement surgery. A total of 63 patients who underwent total hip replacement surgery at the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology between 2003 and 2005 were enrolled in the study. At the time of the study (2014), all patients from the study group were of working age. Ultimately, 32 patients participated in the study. Each participant completed a questionnaire with questions about the place of residence, age, type of endoprosthesis, employment status, type of work performed, reason for arthroplasty, postoperative course of rehabilitation and subjective health status. Functional capacity was evaluated using Harris' 100-point scale. 88% of the respondents had been employed prior to surgery, compared to only 46% one year after surgery and only 40% at 10 years after surgery. A positive outcome was that 17% of the respondents receiving a disability pension prior to surgery were able to return to work after surgery. 1. Hip replacement surgery may affect the employment status of patients. 2. The most significant factors influencing cessation of work were a high BMI, living in a rural environment and being female.
28102165	0	21	Occupational Activity	T057	C0578393
28102165	25	33	Patients	T101	C0030705
28102165	37	42	Years	T079	C0439234
28102165	43	48	after	T079	C0687676
28102165	49	72	Hip Replacement Surgery	T061	C0040508
28102165	73	81	Advanced	T080	C0205179
28102165	82	100	hip osteoarthritis	T047	C0029410
28102165	110	141	total joint replacement surgery	T061	C0040508
28102165	145	152	improve	T080	C0332272
28102165	153	167	daily activity	T056	C0871707
28102165	179	200	occupational activity	T057	C0578393
28102165	222	227	study	T062	C2603343
28102165	235	243	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28102165	244	261	employment status	T078	C1556046
28102165	268	276	patients	T101	C0030705
28102165	280	285	years	T079	C0439234
28102165	292	315	hip replacement surgery	T061	C0040508
28102165	319	324	total	T080	C0439810
28102165	331	339	patients	T101	C0030705
28102165	354	383	total hip replacement surgery	T061	C0040508
28102165	391	401	Department	T092	C1704729
28102165	405	416	Orthopedics	T091	C0029355
28102165	421	433	Traumatology	T091	C0040801
28102165	477	482	study	T062	C2603343
28102165	491	495	time	T079	C0040223
28102165	503	508	study	T062	C2603343
28102165	517	520	all	T081	C0444868
28102165	521	529	patients	T101	C0030705
28102165	539	544	study	T062	C2603343
28102165	545	550	group	T101	C0030705
28102165	559	566	working	T057	C0043227
28102165	567	570	age	T032	C0001779
28102165	587	595	patients	T101	C0030705
28102165	596	608	participated	T169	C0679823
28102165	616	621	study	T062	C2603343
28102165	628	639	participant	T098	C0679646
28102165	640	649	completed	T078	C1556116
28102165	652	665	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28102165	671	680	questions	T170	C1522634
28102165	691	709	place of residence	T082	C1548530
28102165	711	714	age	T032	C0001779
28102165	716	738	type of endoprosthesis	T061	C0087111
28102165	740	757	employment status	T078	C1556046
28102165	759	763	type	T080	C0332307
28102165	767	771	work	T057	C0043227
28102165	772	781	performed	T169	C0884358
28102165	783	789	reason	T080	C0205556
28102165	794	806	arthroplasty	T061	C0003893
28102165	808	828	postoperative course	T079	C0449259
28102165	832	846	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28102165	851	861	subjective	T080	C0439655
28102165	862	875	health status	T080	C0018759
28102165	877	896	Functional capacity	T061	C0695468
28102165	901	910	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28102165	917	940	Harris' 100-point scale	T170	C0282574
28102165	953	964	respondents	T098	C0282122
28102165	974	982	employed	T033	C0557351
28102165	983	988	prior	T079	C0332152
28102165	992	999	surgery	T061	C0543467
28102165	1001	1009	compared	T052	C1707455
28102165	1022	1025	one	T081	C0205447
28102165	1026	1030	year	T079	C0439234
28102165	1031	1044	after surgery	T079	C0032790
28102165	1064	1069	years	T079	C0439234
28102165	1070	1083	after surgery	T079	C0032790
28102165	1087	1103	positive outcome	T033	C1998806
28102165	1124	1135	respondents	T098	C0282122
28102165	1136	1145	receiving	T080	C1514756
28102165	1148	1158	disability	T033	C0231170
28102165	1159	1166	pension	T081	C0030854
28102165	1167	1172	prior	T079	C0332152
28102165	1176	1183	surgery	T061	C0543467
28102165	1189	1193	able	T033	C1299581
28102165	1197	1211	return to work	T033	C0425105
28102165	1212	1225	after surgery	T079	C0032790
28102165	1230	1253	Hip replacement surgery	T061	C0040508
28102165	1258	1264	affect	T169	C0392760
28102165	1269	1286	employment status	T078	C1556046
28102165	1290	1298	patients	T101	C0030705
28102165	1324	1331	factors	T169	C1521761
28102165	1332	1343	influencing	T077	C4054723
28102165	1344	1353	cessation	T052	C1880019
28102165	1357	1361	work	T057	C0043227
28102165	1369	1373	high	T080	C0205250
28102165	1374	1377	BMI	T201	C1305855
28102165	1379	1385	living	T052	C2982691
28102165	1391	1408	rural environment	T078	C0557746
28102165	1413	1425	being female	T033	C0243095

28102322|t|Size -selective separation and overall - amplification of cell-free fetal DNA fragments using PCR -based enrichment
28102322|a|This study aimed to establish a method for the selective amplification of cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma and preserve the integrity of DNA fragments during amplification, thereby providing a sufficient amount of cffDNA to meet the requirement of routine non-invasive prenatal testing. We amplified DNA molecules in a one-reaction system without considering their particular sequences and lengths (overall amplification) by using PCR -based enrichment. We then modified PCR conditions to verify the effect of denaturation temperature on DNA amplification on various lengths of DNA (selective overall amplification). Finally, we used an optimum temperature range to amplify cffDNA selectively. Amplification results were validated by electrophoresis and real-time quantitative PCR. Our PCR -based enrichment efficiently amplified all DNA fragments with differing lengths within a single reaction system, as well as preserving the integrity of the DNA fragments. cffDNA was significantly amplified along with the selective amplification of small fragment maternal plasma DNA in an appropriate range of denaturation temperatures. We have established a PCR-based method for the simultaneous enrichment and amplification of cffDNA in order to meet the requirements of high cffDNA quantity for routine non-invasive prenatal testing.
28102322	0	4	Size	T082	C0456389
28102322	0	26	Size -selective separation	UnknownType	C0678621
28102322	31	38	overall	T080	C1561607
28102322	41	54	amplification	T045	C0683230
28102322	58	77	cell-free fetal DNA	T059	C3863970
28102322	78	87	fragments	UnknownType	C0684192
28102322	94	97	PCR	T063	C0032520
28102322	94	115	PCR -based enrichment	T059	C0022885
28102322	121	126	study	T062	C0008972
28102322	163	186	selective amplification	T045	C0683230
28102322	190	209	cell-free fetal DNA	T059	C3863970
28102322	211	217	cffDNA	T059	C3863970
28102322	222	230	maternal	T033	C1858460
28102322	231	237	plasma	T031	C0032105
28102322	255	264	integrity	T080	C1947912
28102322	268	281	DNA fragments	UnknownType	C0684192
28102322	289	302	amplification	T045	C0683230
28102322	335	341	amount	T081	C1265611
28102322	345	351	cffDNA	T059	C3863970
28102322	364	375	requirement	T169	C1514873
28102322	387	399	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28102322	400	416	prenatal testing	T058	C1456692
28102322	421	430	amplified	T080	C0205556
28102322	431	444	DNA molecules	T114,T123	C0012854
28102322	450	462	one-reaction	T169	C0443286
28102322	463	469	system	T169	C0449913
28102322	507	516	sequences	T086	C0162326
28102322	521	528	lengths	T081	C1444754
28102322	530	537	overall	T080	C1561607
28102322	538	551	amplification	T045	C0683230
28102322	562	565	PCR	T063	C0032520
28102322	562	583	PCR -based enrichment	T059	C0022885
28102322	593	601	modified	T169	C0392747
28102322	602	605	PCR	T063	C0032520
28102322	606	616	conditions	T080	C0348080
28102322	631	640	effect of	T080	C1704420
28102322	641	653	denaturation	T070	C1720789
28102322	654	665	temperature	T081	C0039476
28102322	669	686	DNA amplification	T045	C0683230
28102322	698	705	lengths	T081	C1444754
28102322	709	712	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28102322	714	723	selective	T080	C0205556
28102322	724	731	overall	T080	C1561607
28102322	732	745	amplification	T045	C0683230
28102322	768	775	optimum	T080	C2698651
28102322	776	787	temperature	T081	C0039476
28102322	797	804	amplify	T045	C0683230
28102322	805	811	cffDNA	T059	C3863970
28102322	825	838	Amplification	T045	C0683230
28102322	865	880	electrophoresis	T059	C0013855
28102322	885	911	real-time quantitative PCR	T063	C3179034
28102322	917	920	PCR	T063	C0032520
28102322	917	938	PCR -based enrichment	T059	C0022885
28102322	951	960	amplified	T080	C0205556
28102322	965	978	DNA fragments	UnknownType	C0684192
28102322	994	1001	lengths	T081	C1444754
28102322	1011	1017	single	T081	C0205171
28102322	1018	1026	reaction	T169	C0443286
28102322	1027	1033	system	T169	C0449913
28102322	1061	1070	integrity	T080	C1947912
28102322	1078	1091	DNA fragments	UnknownType	C0684192
28102322	1093	1099	cffDNA	T059	C3863970
28102322	1118	1127	amplified	T080	C0205556
28102322	1143	1166	selective amplification	T045	C0683230
28102322	1170	1175	small	T081	C0700321
28102322	1176	1184	fragment	UnknownType	C0684192
28102322	1185	1193	maternal	T033	C1858460
28102322	1194	1200	plasma	T031	C0032105
28102322	1201	1204	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28102322	1232	1244	denaturation	T070	C1720789
28102322	1245	1257	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28102322	1281	1297	PCR-based method	T063	C0032520
28102322	1306	1318	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28102322	1319	1329	enrichment	T059	C0022885
28102322	1334	1347	amplification	T045	C0683230
28102322	1351	1357	cffDNA	T059	C3863970
28102322	1379	1391	requirements	T169	C1514873
28102322	1400	1406	cffDNA	T059	C3863970
28102322	1407	1415	quantity	T081	C1265611
28102322	1428	1440	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28102322	1441	1457	prenatal testing	T058	C1456692

28102508|t|Simvastatin Promotes Hematoma Absorption and Reduces Hydrocephalus Following Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Part by Upregulating CD36
28102508|a|We previously found that hematoma worsens hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) via increasing iron deposition and aggravating ependymal cilia injury; therefore, promoting hematoma absorption may be a promising strategy for IVH. Recently, some investigations imply that simvastatin has the ability of accelerating hematoma absorption. Thus, this study was designed to examine the efficacy of simvastatin for IVH in rats. Intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats after autologous blood injection. Simvastatin or vehicle was administered orally at 1 day after IVH and then daily for 1 week. MRI studies were performed to measure the volumes of intracranial hematoma and lateral ventricle at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after IVH. Motor and neurocognitive functions were assessed at days 1 to 7 and 23 to 28, respectively. Iron deposition, iron -related protein expression, ependymal damage, and histology were detected at day 28. Expression of CD36 scavenger receptor (facilitating phagocytosis) was examined at day 3 after IVH using western blotting and immunofluorescence. Simvastatin significantly increased hematoma absorption ratio, reduced ventricular volume, and attenuated neurological dysfunction post- IVH. In addition, less iron accumulation and more cilia survival was observed in the simvastatin group when compared with the control. What's more, higher expression of CD36 was detected around the hematoma after simvastatin administration. Simvastatin significantly enhanced brain hematoma absorption, alleviated hydrocephalus, and improved neurological recovery after experimental IVH, which may in part by upregulating CD36 expression. Our data suggest that early simvastatin use may be a novel therapy for IVH patients.
28102508	0	11	Simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28102508	21	29	Hematoma	T046	C0018944
28102508	30	40	Absorption	T070	C0000854
28102508	53	66	Hydrocephalus	T047	C0020255
28102508	77	104	Intraventricular Hemorrhage	T046	C0240059
28102508	116	128	Upregulating	T044	C0041904
28102508	129	133	CD36	T028	C1366645
28102508	159	167	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28102508	168	175	worsens	T033	C1457868
28102508	176	189	hydrocephalus	T047	C0020255
28102508	196	223	intraventricular hemorrhage	T046	C0240059
28102508	225	228	IVH	T046	C0240059
28102508	234	244	increasing	T169	C0442808
28102508	245	260	iron deposition	T046	C0333596
28102508	277	286	ependymal	T024	C0014472
28102508	287	292	cilia	T026	C0008778
28102508	293	299	injury	T037	C3263723
28102508	322	330	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28102508	331	341	absorption	T070	C0000854
28102508	374	377	IVH	T046	C0240059
28102508	420	431	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28102508	464	472	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28102508	473	483	absorption	T070	C0000854
28102508	530	538	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28102508	542	553	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28102508	558	561	IVH	T046	C0240059
28102508	565	569	rats	T015	C0086893
28102508	571	595	Intracerebral hemorrhage	T046	C0475526
28102508	638	648	adult male	T032	C0086582
28102508	649	668	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
28102508	675	701	autologous blood injection	T061	C0849679
28102508	703	714	Simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28102508	718	725	vehicle	T122	C0042444
28102508	730	749	administered orally	T061	C0001563
28102508	765	768	IVH	T046	C0240059
28102508	796	807	MRI studies	T060	C3515983
28102508	826	833	measure	T169	C0242485
28102508	838	845	volumes	T059	C2700258
28102508	849	861	intracranial	T029	C0524466
28102508	862	870	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28102508	875	892	lateral ventricle	T030	C0152279
28102508	927	930	IVH	T046	C0240059
28102508	932	937	Motor	T038	C0234130
28102508	942	966	neurocognitive functions	T038	C3714634
28102508	972	980	assessed	T052	C1516048
28102508	1024	1039	Iron deposition	T046	C0333596
28102508	1041	1045	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28102508	1055	1073	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28102508	1075	1091	ependymal damage	T033	C3686783
28102508	1097	1106	histology	T169	C4048239
28102508	1112	1120	detected	T033	C0442726
28102508	1132	1142	Expression	T045	C0017262
28102508	1146	1150	CD36	T028	C1366645
28102508	1151	1169	scavenger receptor	T116,T192	C0074129
28102508	1184	1196	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28102508	1202	1210	examined	T033	C0332128
28102508	1226	1229	IVH	T046	C0240059
28102508	1236	1252	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28102508	1257	1275	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
28102508	1277	1288	Simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28102508	1303	1312	increased	T081	C0205217
28102508	1313	1321	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28102508	1322	1332	absorption	T070	C0000854
28102508	1333	1338	ratio	T081	C0456603
28102508	1340	1347	reduced	T080	C0392756
28102508	1348	1366	ventricular volume	T078	C1511726
28102508	1372	1407	attenuated neurological dysfunction	T033	C1709219
28102508	1414	1417	IVH	T046	C0240059
28102508	1432	1454	less iron accumulation	T033	C4021076
28102508	1464	1469	cilia	T026	C0008778
28102508	1470	1478	survival	T081	C1709301
28102508	1499	1510	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28102508	1540	1547	control	T096	C0009932
28102508	1562	1568	higher	T080	C0205250
28102508	1569	1579	expression	T045	C0017262
28102508	1583	1587	CD36	T028	C1366645
28102508	1592	1600	detected	T033	C0442726
28102508	1612	1620	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28102508	1627	1638	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28102508	1639	1653	administration	T061	C1533734
28102508	1655	1666	Simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28102508	1690	1695	brain	T023	C0006104
28102508	1696	1704	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28102508	1705	1715	absorption	T070	C0000854
28102508	1717	1741	alleviated hydrocephalus	T047	C0020255
28102508	1747	1755	improved	T033	C0184511
28102508	1756	1768	neurological	T080	C0205494
28102508	1769	1777	recovery	T040	C2004454
28102508	1784	1796	experimental	T080	C1517586
28102508	1797	1800	IVH	T046	C0240059
28102508	1823	1835	upregulating	T044	C0041904
28102508	1836	1840	CD36	T028	C1366645
28102508	1841	1851	expression	T045	C0017262
28102508	1857	1861	data	T078	C1511726
28102508	1881	1892	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28102508	1906	1911	novel	T080	C0205314
28102508	1912	1919	therapy	T061	C0087111
28102508	1924	1927	IVH	T046	C0240059
28102508	1928	1936	patients	T101	C0030705

28103546|t|Quantifying Net Synergy / Redundancy of Spontaneous Variability Regulation via Predictability and Transfer Entropy Decomposition Frameworks
28103546|a|Indexes assessing the balance between redundancy and synergy were hypothesized to be helpful in characterizing cardiovascular control from spontaneous beat-to-beat variations of heart period (HP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and respiration (R). Net redundancy / synergy indexes were derived according to predictability and transfer entropy decomposition strategies via a multivariate linear regression approach. Indexes were tested in two protocols inducing modifications of the cardiovascular regulation via baroreflex loading / unloading (i.e. head-down tilt at -25° and graded head-up tilt at 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90° respectively). The net redundancy / synergy of SAP and R to HP and of HP and R to SAP were estimated over stationary sequences of 256 successive values. We found that: i) regardless of the target (i.e. HP or SAP) redundancy was prevalent over synergy and this prevalence was independent of type and magnitude of the baroreflex challenge; ii) the prevalence of redundancy disappeared when decoupling inputs from output via surrogate approach; iii) net redundancy was under autonomic control given that it varied in proportion to the vagal withdrawal during graded head-up tilt; iv) conclusions held regardless of the decomposition strategy. Net redundancy indexes can monitor changes of cardiovascular control from a perspective completely different from that provided by more traditional univariate and multivariate methods. Net redundancy measures might provide a practical tool to quantify the reservoir of effective cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms sharing causal influences over a target variable.
28103546	0	11	Quantifying	T081	C1709793
28103546	16	23	Synergy	T169	C1704675
28103546	26	36	Redundancy	T169	C1313915
28103546	40	51	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28103546	52	63	Variability	T077	C2827666
28103546	64	74	Regulation	T038	C1327622
28103546	79	93	Predictability	T081	C0237793
28103546	107	114	Entropy	T067	C0376522
28103546	115	139	Decomposition Frameworks	T062	C0035171
28103546	140	147	Indexes	T170	C0600653
28103546	148	157	assessing	T052	C1516048
28103546	178	188	redundancy	T169	C1313915
28103546	193	200	synergy	T169	C1704675
28103546	206	218	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28103546	236	250	characterizing	T052	C1880022
28103546	251	265	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28103546	279	290	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28103546	291	303	beat-to-beat	T042	C0425583
28103546	304	314	variations	T080	C0205419
28103546	318	323	heart	T023	C0018787
28103546	324	330	period	T079	C1948053
28103546	332	334	HP	T079	C1948053
28103546	337	363	systolic arterial pressure	T201	C0871470
28103546	365	368	SAP	T201	C0871470
28103546	374	385	respiration	T039	C0035203
28103546	387	388	R	T039	C0035203
28103546	395	405	redundancy	T169	C1313915
28103546	408	415	synergy	T169	C1704675
28103546	416	423	indexes	T170	C0600653
28103546	450	464	predictability	T081	C0237793
28103546	478	485	entropy	T067	C0376522
28103546	517	529	multivariate	T081	C0026777
28103546	530	547	linear regression	T081	C0023733
28103546	558	565	Indexes	T170	C0600653
28103546	571	577	tested	T169	C0039593
28103546	585	594	protocols	T170	C2348563
28103546	604	617	modifications	T169	C0392747
28103546	625	639	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28103546	640	650	regulation	T038	C1327622
28103546	655	665	baroreflex	T042	C0206162
28103546	666	673	loading	T169	C0542341
28103546	676	685	unloading	T169	C0542341
28103546	692	706	head-down tilt	T082	C0242683
28103546	719	738	graded head-up tilt	T082	C1254362
28103546	797	807	redundancy	T169	C1313915
28103546	810	817	synergy	T169	C1704675
28103546	821	824	SAP	T201	C0871470
28103546	829	830	R	T039	C0035203
28103546	834	836	HP	T079	C1948053
28103546	844	846	HP	T079	C1948053
28103546	851	852	R	T039	C0035203
28103546	856	859	SAP	T201	C0871470
28103546	880	890	stationary	T080	C0439835
28103546	891	900	sequences	T169	C1519249
28103546	919	925	values	T080	C0042295
28103546	963	969	target	T169	C1521840
28103546	976	978	HP	T079	C1948053
28103546	982	985	SAP	T201	C0871470
28103546	987	997	redundancy	T169	C1313915
28103546	1017	1024	synergy	T169	C1704675
28103546	1034	1044	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28103546	1073	1082	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28103546	1090	1100	baroreflex	T042	C0206162
28103546	1120	1130	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28103546	1134	1144	redundancy	T169	C1313915
28103546	1145	1156	disappeared	T080	C0205556
28103546	1162	1172	decoupling	T067	C1254366
28103546	1173	1179	inputs	T077	C1708517
28103546	1185	1191	output	T077	C1709366
28103546	1196	1205	surrogate	T169	C0559956
28103546	1225	1235	redundancy	T169	C1313915
28103546	1246	1263	autonomic control	T169	C2587213
28103546	1306	1311	vagal	T023	C1510461
28103546	1330	1349	graded head-up tilt	T082	C1254362
28103546	1390	1412	decomposition strategy	T062	C0035171
28103546	1418	1428	redundancy	T169	C1313915
28103546	1429	1436	indexes	T170	C0600653
28103546	1441	1448	monitor	T058	C1283169
28103546	1460	1474	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28103546	1562	1572	univariate	T062	C0683962
28103546	1577	1597	multivariate methods	T081	C0026777
28103546	1603	1613	redundancy	T169	C1313915
28103546	1657	1665	quantify	T081	C1709793
28103546	1683	1692	effective	T080	C1704419
28103546	1693	1707	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28103546	1708	1718	regulatory	T038	C1327622
28103546	1719	1729	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28103546	1745	1755	influences	T077	C4054723
28103546	1763	1769	target	T169	C1521840
28103546	1770	1778	variable	T080	C0439828

28103582|t|AMPK - autophagy inhibition sensitizes icaritin - induced anti-colorectal cancer cell activity
28103582|a|The current research studied the potential effect of autophagy on icaritin - induced anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) cell activity. Treatment of icaritin in both primary and established (HT-29) CRC cells induced feedback activation of autophagy, evidenced by p62 degradation, Beclin-1 and autophagy-related gene-5 (ATG-5) upregulation, as well as light chain 3B (LC3B)- GFP puncta formation. Pharmacological inhibiting of autophagy dramatically potentiated icaritin - induced CRC cell death and apoptosis. Meanwhile, shRNA -mediated knockdown of Beclin-1 or ATG-5 also sensitized icaritin - induced CRC cell death and apoptosis. Icaritin activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in CRC cells, functioning as the upstream signaling for autophagy activation. shRNA / siRNA -mediated knockdown of AMPKα1 inhibited icaritin - induced autophagy activation, but exacerbated CRC cell death. On the other hand, the AMPK activator compound 13 (C13) or the autophagy activator MHY1485 attenuated icaritin - induced cytotoxicity. In nude mice, icaritin (oral administration)- induced HT-29 tumor growth inhibition was potentiated when combined with AMPKα1 shRNA knockdown in tumors. We conclude that feedback activation of AMPK - autophagy pathway could be a primary resistance factor of icaritin.
28103582	0	4	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28103582	7	16	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28103582	17	27	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28103582	39	47	icaritin	T109,T123	C1567768
28103582	50	57	induced	T169	C0205263
28103582	58	80	anti-colorectal cancer	T033	C0243095
28103582	81	94	cell activity	T043	C0007613
28103582	99	106	current	T079	C0521116
28103582	107	115	research	T062	C0035168
28103582	128	144	potential effect	T080	C1280500
28103582	148	157	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28103582	161	169	icaritin	T109,T123	C1567768
28103582	172	179	induced	T169	C0205263
28103582	180	202	anti-colorectal cancer	T033	C0243095
28103582	204	207	CRC	T191	C1527249
28103582	209	222	cell activity	T043	C0007613
28103582	224	233	Treatment	T169	C1522326
28103582	237	245	icaritin	T109,T123	C1567768
28103582	254	261	primary	T080	C0205225
28103582	266	277	established	T080	C0443211
28103582	279	284	HT-29	T025	C0282639
28103582	286	289	CRC	T191	C1527249
28103582	290	295	cells	T025	C0007634
28103582	296	303	induced	T169	C0205263
28103582	304	323	feedback activation	T052	C1879547
28103582	327	336	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28103582	351	354	p62	T028	C1420393
28103582	355	366	degradation	T044	C0314674
28103582	368	376	Beclin-1	T028	C1412785
28103582	381	405	autophagy-related gene-5	T028	C1825497
28103582	407	412	ATG-5	T028	C1825497
28103582	414	426	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28103582	439	453	light chain 3B	T116	C1311384
28103582	455	459	LC3B	T116	C1311384
28103582	462	465	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
28103582	473	482	formation	T169	C1522492
28103582	484	499	Pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28103582	500	510	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28103582	514	523	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28103582	549	557	icaritin	T109,T123	C1567768
28103582	560	567	induced	T169	C0205263
28103582	568	571	CRC	T191	C1527249
28103582	572	582	cell death	T043	C0007587
28103582	587	596	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28103582	609	614	shRNA	T114	C2930586
28103582	625	634	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28103582	638	646	Beclin-1	T028	C1412785
28103582	650	655	ATG-5	T028	C1825497
28103582	672	680	icaritin	T109,T123	C1567768
28103582	683	690	induced	T169	C0205263
28103582	691	694	CRC	T191	C1527249
28103582	695	705	cell death	T043	C0007587
28103582	710	719	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28103582	721	729	Icaritin	T109,T123	C1567768
28103582	730	739	activated	T052	C1879547
28103582	740	768	AMP-activated protein kinase	T116,T126	C2350345
28103582	770	774	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28103582	776	785	signaling	T043	C0037083
28103582	789	792	CRC	T191	C1527249
28103582	793	798	cells	T025	C0007634
28103582	800	811	functioning	T169	C0542341
28103582	828	837	signaling	T043	C0037083
28103582	842	851	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28103582	852	862	activation	T052	C1879547
28103582	864	869	shRNA	T114	C2930586
28103582	872	877	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28103582	888	897	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28103582	901	907	AMPKα1	T028	C1418897
28103582	908	917	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28103582	918	926	icaritin	T109,T123	C1567768
28103582	929	936	induced	T169	C0205263
28103582	937	946	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28103582	947	957	activation	T052	C1879547
28103582	963	974	exacerbated	T080	C1444749
28103582	975	978	CRC	T191	C1527249
28103582	979	989	cell death	T043	C0007587
28103582	1014	1018	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28103582	1029	1040	compound 13	T121	C1254351
28103582	1042	1045	C13	T121	C1254351
28103582	1054	1063	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28103582	1074	1081	MHY1485	T109,T121	C3661263
28103582	1082	1092	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28103582	1093	1101	icaritin	T109,T123	C1567768
28103582	1104	1111	induced	T169	C0205263
28103582	1112	1124	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28103582	1129	1138	nude mice	T015	C0025932
28103582	1140	1148	icaritin	T109,T123	C1567768
28103582	1150	1169	oral administration	T061	C0001563
28103582	1172	1179	induced	T169	C0205263
28103582	1180	1185	HT-29	T025	C0282639
28103582	1186	1198	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28103582	1199	1209	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28103582	1245	1251	AMPKα1	T028	C1418897
28103582	1252	1257	shRNA	T114	C2930586
28103582	1258	1267	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28103582	1271	1277	tumors	T191	C0027651
28103582	1296	1315	feedback activation	T052	C1879547
28103582	1319	1323	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28103582	1326	1335	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28103582	1336	1343	pathway	T044	C0037080
28103582	1363	1373	resistance	T169	C4281815
28103582	1374	1380	factor	T169	C1521761
28103582	1384	1392	icaritin	T109,T123	C1567768

28103841|t|A two-site, two-arm, 34-week, double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes in smokers with mood and/or anxiety disorders: trial design and protocol
28103841|a|The U.S. Food and Drug Administration can set standards for cigarettes that could include reducing their nicotine content. Such a standard should improve public health without causing unintended serious consequences for sub-populations. This study evaluates the effect of progressive nicotine reduction in cigarettes on smoking behavior, toxicant exposure, and psychiatric symptoms in smokers with comorbid mood and/or anxiety disorders using a two-site, two-arm, double-blind, parallel group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) in four phases over 34 weeks. Adult smokers (N = 200) of 5 or more cigarettes per day will be randomized across two sites (Penn State and Massachusetts General). Participants must have not had a quit attempt in the prior month, nor be planning to quit in the next 6 months, meet criteria for a current or lifetime unipolar mood and/or anxiety disorder based on the structured Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and must not have an unstable medical or psychiatric condition. After a week of smoking their own cigarettes, participants receive two weeks of Spectrum research cigarettes with usual nicotine content (11.6 mg). After this baseline period, participants will be randomly assigned to continue smoking Spectrum research cigarettes that contain either (a) Usual Nicotine Content (11.6 mg); or (b) Reduced Nicotine Content: the nicotine content per cigarette is progressively reduced from approximately 11.6 mg to 0.2 mg in five steps over 18 weeks. At the end of the randomization phase, participants will be offered the choice to either (a) quit smoking with assistance, (b) continue smoking free research cigarettes, or (c) return to purchasing their own cigarettes, for the final 12 weeks of the study. The primary outcome measure is blood cotinine; key secondary outcomes are: exhaled carbon monoxide, urinary total NNAL- 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and 1-hydroxypyrene, oxidative stress biomarkers including 8-isoprostanes, measures of psychiatric symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety), smoking behavior and dependence (e.g., cigarette consumption, quit attempts), and health effects (e.g., blood pressure, respiratory symptoms). Results from this study will inform FDA on the potential effects of regulating the nicotine content of cigarettes and help determine whether smokers with mood and/or anxiety disorders can safely transition to significantly reduced nicotine content cigarettes. TRN: NCT01928758, registered August 21, 2013.
28103841	30	42	double-blind	T062	C0013072
28103841	44	59	parallel-group,	T062	C2826345
28103841	60	87	randomized controlled trial	T062,T170	C0282440
28103841	91	118	reduced nicotine cigarettes	T073	C4287927
28103841	122	129	smokers	T033	C0337667
28103841	135	139	mood	T048	C0525045
28103841	147	164	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28103841	196	229	U.S. Food and Drug Administration	T093	C0041714
28103841	238	247	standards	T080	C0175675
28103841	252	262	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28103841	282	290	reducing	T080	C0392756
28103841	297	305	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28103841	306	313	content	T081	C1264657
28103841	322	330	standard	T080	C1442989
28103841	346	359	public health	T058	C0699943
28103841	412	427	sub-populations	T098	C1257890
28103841	464	475	progressive	T169	C0205329
28103841	476	484	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28103841	485	494	reduction	T080	C0392756
28103841	498	508	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28103841	512	528	smoking behavior	T055	C0700219
28103841	530	538	toxicant	T131	C0599787
28103841	539	547	exposure	T080	C0332157
28103841	553	573	psychiatric symptoms	T184	C0233401
28103841	577	584	smokers	T033	C0337667
28103841	590	603	comorbid mood	T048	C0525045
28103841	611	628	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28103841	656	668	double-blind	T062	C0013072
28103841	686	713	randomized controlled trial	T062,T170	C0282440
28103841	715	718	RCT	T062,T170	C0282440
28103841	750	755	Adult	T100	C0001675
28103841	756	763	smokers	T033	C0337667
28103841	787	797	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28103841	843	853	Penn State	T073,T093	C0000872
28103841	858	879	Massachusetts General	T073,T093	C0020008
28103841	882	894	Participants	T098	C1708335
28103841	920	927	attempt	T055	C0700219
28103841	1034	1047	unipolar mood	T048	C0525045
28103841	1055	1071	anxiety disorder	T048	C0003469
28103841	1085	1141	structured Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview	UnknownType	C0681913
28103841	1164	1180	unstable medical	T048	C1410011
28103841	1184	1205	psychiatric condition	T048	C0033931
28103841	1223	1230	smoking	T055	C0700219
28103841	1241	1251	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28103841	1253	1265	participants	T098	C1708335
28103841	1287	1315	Spectrum research cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28103841	1327	1335	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28103841	1336	1343	content	T081	C1264657
28103841	1383	1395	participants	T098	C1708335
28103841	1434	1441	smoking	T055	C0700219
28103841	1442	1470	Spectrum research cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28103841	1501	1509	Nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28103841	1510	1517	Content	T081	C1264657
28103841	1536	1543	Reduced	T080	C0392756
28103841	1544	1552	Nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28103841	1553	1560	Content	T081	C1264657
28103841	1566	1574	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28103841	1575	1582	content	T081	C1264657
28103841	1587	1596	cigarette	T073	C0677453
28103841	1614	1621	reduced	T080	C0392756
28103841	1727	1739	participants	T098	C1708335
28103841	1786	1793	smoking	T055	C0700219
28103841	1824	1831	smoking	T055	C0700219
28103841	1837	1856	research cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28103841	1896	1906	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28103841	1976	1981	blood	T031	C0005767
28103841	1982	1990	cotinine	T109,T121	C0010194
28103841	2020	2027	exhaled	T040	C0231800
28103841	2028	2043	carbon monoxide	T131,T197	C0007018
28103841	2059	2110	NNAL- 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol	T109,T131	C0389836
28103841	2115	2130	1-hydroxypyrene	T109,T131	C0044415
28103841	2132	2148	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28103841	2149	2159	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28103841	2170	2184	8-isoprostanes	T109,T130	C0295541
28103841	2198	2218	psychiatric symptoms	T184	C0233401
28103841	2226	2236	depression	T048	C0011570
28103841	2238	2245	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28103841	2248	2264	smoking behavior	T055	C0700219
28103841	2287	2308	cigarette consumption	T033	C0459840
28103841	2315	2323	attempts	T055	C0700219
28103841	2352	2366	blood pressure	T047	C0020538
28103841	2368	2388	respiratory symptoms	T184	C0037090
28103841	2427	2430	FDA	T093	C0041714
28103841	2474	2482	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28103841	2483	2490	content	T081	C1264657
28103841	2494	2504	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28103841	2532	2539	smokers	T033	C0337667
28103841	2545	2549	mood	T048	C0525045
28103841	2557	2574	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28103841	2614	2649	reduced nicotine content cigarettes	T073	C4287927

28103878|t|Synthetic circuits that process multiple light and chemical signal inputs
28103878|a|Multi-signal processing circuits are essential for rational design of sophisticated synthetic systems with good controllability and modularity, therefore, enable construction of high-level networks. Moreover, light - inducible systems provide fast and reversible means for spatiotemporal control of gene expression. Here, in HEK 293 cells, we present combinatory genetic circuits responding to light and chemical signals, simultaneously. We first constructed a dual input circuit converting different light intensities into varying of the sensitivity of the promoter to a chemical inducer (doxycycline). Next, we generated a ternary input circuit, which responded to light, doxycycline and cumate. This circuit allowed us to use different combinations of blue light and the two chemical inducers to generate gradual output values over two orders of magnitude. Overall, in this study, we devise genetic circuits sensing and processing light and chemical inducers. Our work may provide insights into bio-computation and fine-tuning expression of the transgene.
28103878	0	9	Synthetic	T080	C2004457
28103878	10	18	circuits	T044	C1720951
28103878	32	40	multiple	T081	C0439064
28103878	41	46	light	T070	C0023693
28103878	51	59	chemical	T103	C0220806
28103878	60	66	signal	T067	C1710082
28103878	67	73	inputs	T077	C1708517
28103878	74	86	Multi-signal	T067	C1710082
28103878	87	97	processing	T052	C1709694
28103878	98	106	circuits	T044	C1720951
28103878	134	140	design	T052	C1707689
28103878	158	167	synthetic	T080	C2004457
28103878	168	175	systems	T169	C0449913
28103878	181	185	good	T080	C0205170
28103878	186	201	controllability	T169	C2587213
28103878	206	216	modularity	T077	C1709061
28103878	236	248	construction	T169	C0205245
28103878	252	271	high-level networks	T169	C1882071
28103878	283	288	light	T070	C0023693
28103878	291	300	inducible	T169	C0205263
28103878	301	308	systems	T169	C0449913
28103878	317	321	fast	T080	C0456962
28103878	326	336	reversible	T169	C0205343
28103878	337	342	means	T077	C1704970
28103878	347	369	spatiotemporal control	T169	C2587213
28103878	373	388	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28103878	399	412	HEK 293 cells	T025	C2936239
28103878	425	436	combinatory	T080	C0205195
28103878	437	453	genetic circuits	T044	C1720951
28103878	454	464	responding	T039	C1659608
28103878	468	473	light	T070	C0023693
28103878	478	486	chemical	T103	C0220806
28103878	487	494	signals	T067	C1710082
28103878	496	510	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
28103878	521	532	constructed	T169	C0205245
28103878	535	545	dual input	T077	C1708517
28103878	546	553	circuit	T044	C1720951
28103878	565	574	different	T080	C1705242
28103878	575	592	light intensities	T070	C0596836
28103878	613	624	sensitivity	T080	C2349185
28103878	632	640	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28103878	646	654	chemical	T103	C0220806
28103878	655	662	inducer	T167	C3898767
28103878	664	675	doxycycline	T109,T195	C0013090
28103878	699	712	ternary input	T077	C1708517
28103878	713	720	circuit	T044	C1720951
28103878	728	737	responded	T039	C1659608
28103878	741	746	light	T070	C0023693
28103878	748	759	doxycycline	T109,T195	C0013090
28103878	764	770	cumate	T109,T123	C0285770
28103878	777	784	circuit	T044	C1720951
28103878	813	825	combinations	T080	C0205195
28103878	829	839	blue light	T070	C0303896
28103878	852	860	chemical	T103	C0220806
28103878	861	869	inducers	T167	C3898767
28103878	890	903	output values	T170	C1285164
28103878	923	932	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28103878	951	956	study	T062	C2603343
28103878	968	984	genetic circuits	T044	C1720951
28103878	985	992	sensing	T044	C1655954
28103878	997	1007	processing	T052	C1709694
28103878	1008	1013	light	T070	C0023693
28103878	1018	1026	chemical	T103	C0220806
28103878	1027	1035	inducers	T167	C3898767
28103878	1072	1087	bio-computation	T170	C1136291
28103878	1104	1114	expression	T045	C0017262
28103878	1122	1131	transgene	T028	C0282641

28103883|t|Performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the diagnosis of malaria among malaria suspected pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia
28103883|a|Malaria is a major public health problem and an important cause of maternal and infant morbidity in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Early and accurate diagnosis of malaria with effective treatment is the best strategy for prevention and control of complications during pregnancy and infant morbidity and mortality. However, laboratory diagnosis has relied on the identification of malaria parasites and parasite antigens in peripheral blood using Giemsa-stained microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) which lack analytical and clinical sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the diagnosis of malaria among malaria suspected pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia. A cross sectional study was conducted from January to April 2016. Pregnant women (n = 87) suspected of having malaria at six health centres were enrolled. A venous blood sample was collected from each study subject, and analysed for Plasmodium parasites by microscopy, RDT, and LAMP. Diagnostic accuracy outcome measures (sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and Kappa scores) of microscopy, RDT and LAMP were compared to nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) as the gold standard. Specimen processing and reporting times were documented. Using nPCR as the gold standard technique, the sensitivity of microscopy and RDT was 90 and 70%, and the specificity was 98.7 and 97.4%, respectively. LAMP assay was 100% sensitive and 93.5% specific compared to nPCR. This study showed higher sensitivity of LAMP compared to microscopy and RDT for the detection of malaria in pregnancy. Increased sensitivity and ease of use with LAMP in point-of-care testing for malaria in pregnancy was noted. LAMP warrants further evaluation in intermittent screening and treatment programmes in pregnancy.
28103883	0	11	Performance	T052	C1882330
28103883	15	53	loop-mediated isothermal amplification	T059	C3539922
28103883	55	59	LAMP	T059	C3539922
28103883	69	78	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28103883	82	89	malaria	T047	C0024530
28103883	96	103	malaria	T047	C0024530
28103883	104	113	suspected	T078	C0750491
28103883	114	128	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28103883	132	141	Northwest	T082	C1709274
28103883	142	150	Ethiopia	T083	C0015024
28103883	151	158	Malaria	T047	C0024530
28103883	164	169	major	T080	C0205164
28103883	170	176	public	T098	C0162592
28103883	177	183	health	T078	C0018684
28103883	184	191	problem	T033	C0033213
28103883	199	208	important	T080	C3898777
28103883	218	226	maternal	T033	C3656218
28103883	231	247	infant morbidity	T046	C0848889
28103883	251	269	sub-Saharan Africa	T083	C0001738
28103883	281	289	Ethiopia	T083	C0015024
28103883	291	296	Early	T060	C0596473
28103883	301	309	accurate	T080	C0443131
28103883	310	319	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28103883	323	330	malaria	T047	C0024530
28103883	336	345	effective	T080	C1704419
28103883	346	355	treatment	T061	C0087111
28103883	381	391	prevention	T061	C0199176
28103883	396	403	control	T169	C2587213
28103883	407	420	complications	T046	C0009566
28103883	421	427	during	T079	C0347984
28103883	428	437	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28103883	442	458	infant morbidity	T046	C0848889
28103883	463	472	mortality	T081	C0021278
28103883	483	503	laboratory diagnosis	T060	C0011911
28103883	522	536	identification	T080	C0205396
28103883	540	547	malaria	T047	C0024530
28103883	548	557	parasites	T204	C0030498
28103883	562	570	parasite	T204	C0030498
28103883	571	579	antigens	T129	C0003320
28103883	583	599	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
28103883	606	631	Giemsa-stained microscopy	T059	C0523205
28103883	635	657	rapid diagnostic tests	T060	C0086143
28103883	659	663	RDTs	T060	C0086143
28103883	671	675	lack	T080	C0332268
28103883	676	686	analytical	T081	C1511883
28103883	691	711	clinical sensitivity	T062	C1516631
28103883	729	734	study	T062	C0008972
28103883	742	750	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28103883	755	766	performance	T052	C1882330
28103883	770	808	loop-mediated isothermal amplification	T059	C3539922
28103883	810	814	LAMP	T059	C3539922
28103883	824	833	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28103883	837	844	malaria	T047	C0024530
28103883	851	858	malaria	T047	C0024530
28103883	859	868	suspected	T078	C0750491
28103883	869	883	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28103883	887	896	Northwest	T082	C1709274
28103883	897	905	Ethiopia	T083	C0015024
28103883	909	930	cross sectional study	T062	C0010362
28103883	973	987	Pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28103883	997	1006	suspected	T078	C0750491
28103883	1017	1024	malaria	T047	C0024530
28103883	1032	1046	health centres	T073,T093	C0475309
28103883	1064	1083	venous blood sample	T031	C0444255
28103883	1088	1097	collected	T169	C1516698
28103883	1108	1121	study subject	T098	C2349001
28103883	1127	1135	analysed	T062	C0936012
28103883	1140	1150	Plasmodium	T204	C0032148
28103883	1151	1160	parasites	T204	C0030498
28103883	1164	1174	microscopy	T059	C0523205
28103883	1176	1179	RDT	T060	C0086143
28103883	1185	1189	LAMP	T059	C3539922
28103883	1191	1210	Diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28103883	1211	1227	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
28103883	1229	1240	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28103883	1242	1253	specificity	T081	C1511884
28103883	1255	1272	predictive values	T080	C1514307
28103883	1278	1290	Kappa scores	T081	C0449820
28103883	1295	1305	microscopy	T059	C0523205
28103883	1307	1310	RDT	T060	C0086143
28103883	1315	1319	LAMP	T059	C3539922
28103883	1325	1333	compared	T052	C1707455
28103883	1337	1369	nested polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0242574
28103883	1371	1375	nPCR	T063	C0242574
28103883	1384	1397	gold standard	T080	C0150110
28103883	1399	1418	Specimen processing	T059	C0037793
28103883	1423	1432	reporting	T058	C0700287
28103883	1433	1438	times	T079	C0040223
28103883	1444	1454	documented	T058	C1301725
28103883	1462	1466	nPCR	T063	C0242574
28103883	1474	1487	gold standard	T080	C0150110
28103883	1503	1514	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28103883	1518	1528	microscopy	T059	C0523205
28103883	1533	1536	RDT	T060	C0086143
28103883	1561	1572	specificity	T081	C1511884
28103883	1607	1611	LAMP	T059	C3539922
28103883	1612	1617	assay	T059	C0005507
28103883	1627	1636	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28103883	1647	1655	specific	T080	C0205369
28103883	1656	1664	compared	T052	C1707455
28103883	1668	1672	nPCR	T063	C0242574
28103883	1692	1698	higher	T080	C0205250
28103883	1699	1710	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28103883	1714	1718	LAMP	T059	C3539922
28103883	1719	1727	compared	T052	C1707455
28103883	1731	1741	microscopy	T059	C0523205
28103883	1746	1749	RDT	T060	C0086143
28103883	1758	1767	detection	T061	C1511790
28103883	1771	1778	malaria	T047	C0024530
28103883	1782	1791	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28103883	1793	1802	Increased	T081	C0205217
28103883	1803	1814	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28103883	1836	1840	LAMP	T059	C3539922
28103883	1844	1865	point-of-care testing	T058	C1319069
28103883	1870	1877	malaria	T047	C0024530
28103883	1881	1890	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28103883	1902	1906	LAMP	T059	C3539922
28103883	1924	1934	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28103883	1938	1950	intermittent	T079	C0205267
28103883	1951	1960	screening	T058	C0220908
28103883	1965	1985	treatment programmes	T058	C0679841
28103883	1989	1998	pregnancy	T040	C0032961

28103941|t|Involvement of the endocannabinoid system in the physiological response to transient common carotid artery occlusion and reperfusion
28103941|a|The transient global cerebral hypoperfusion / reperfusion achieved by induction of Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion followed by Reperfusion (BCCAO / R) may trigger a physiological response in an attempt to preserve tissue and function integrity. There are several candidate molecules among which the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and/or peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) may play a role in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. The aims of the present study are to evaluate whether the ECS, the enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and PPAR-alpha are involved during BCCAO / R in rat brain, and to identify possible markers of the ongoing BCCAO / R - induced challenge in plasma. Adult Wistar rats underwent BCCAO / R with 30 min hypoperfusion followed by 60 min reperfusion. The frontal and temporal - occipital cortices and plasma were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) to determine concentrations of endocannabinoids (eCBs) and related molecules behaving as ligands of PPAR-alpha, and of oxidative-stress markers such as lipoperoxides, while Western Blot and immunohistochemistry were used to study protein expression of cannabinoid receptors, COX-2 and PPAR-alpha. Unpaired Student's t-test was used to evaluate statistical differences between groups. The acute BCCAO / R procedure is followed by increased brain tissue levels of the eCBs 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide, palmitoylethanolamide, an avid ligand of PPAR-alpha, lipoperoxides, type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptors, and COX-2, and decreased brain tissue concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), one of the major targets of lipid peroxidation. In plasma, increased levels of anandamide and lipoperoxides were observed. The BCCAO / R stimulated early molecular changes that can be easily traced in brain tissue and plasma, and that are indicative of the tissue physiological response to the reperfusion - induced oxidative stress and inflammation. The observed variations suggest that the positive modulation of the ECS and the increase of proinflammatory substances are directly correlated events. Increase of plasmatic levels of anandamide and lipoperoxides further suggests that dysregulation of these molecules may be taken as an indicator of an ongoing hypoperfusion / reperfusion challenge.
28103941	19	41	endocannabinoid system	T044	C3156138
28103941	49	71	physiological response	T039	C0542478
28103941	92	116	carotid artery occlusion	T047	C0265101
28103941	121	132	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
28103941	147	176	global cerebral hypoperfusion	T047	C1695782
28103941	179	190	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
28103941	216	257	Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion	T046	C1386627
28103941	270	281	Reperfusion	T038	C0684253
28103941	283	288	BCCAO	T046	C1386627
28103941	291	292	R	T038	C0684253
28103941	308	330	physiological response	T039	C0542478
28103941	348	356	preserve	T052	C0024501
28103941	357	376	tissue and function	T042	C1254358
28103941	377	386	integrity	T080	C1947912
28103941	416	425	molecules	T167	C0567416
28103941	442	464	endocannabinoid system	T044	C3156138
28103941	466	469	ECS	T044	C3156138
28103941	478	526	peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-alpha	T116,T192	C0166415
28103941	528	538	PPAR-alpha	T116,T192	C0166415
28103941	559	569	modulating	T082	C0443264
28103941	570	586	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28103941	591	603	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28103941	609	613	aims	T078	C1947946
28103941	629	634	study	T062	C0008972
28103941	642	650	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28103941	663	666	ECS	T044	C3156138
28103941	672	678	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28103941	679	695	cyclooxygenase-2	T116,T126	C0387583
28103941	697	702	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
28103941	708	718	PPAR-alpha	T116,T192	C0166415
28103941	739	744	BCCAO	T046	C1386627
28103941	747	748	R	T038	C0684253
28103941	752	761	rat brain	T023	C1882598
28103941	788	795	markers	T201	C0005516
28103941	811	816	BCCAO	T046	C1386627
28103941	819	820	R	T038	C0684253
28103941	823	830	induced	T169	C0205263
28103941	844	850	plasma	T031	C0032105
28103941	858	869	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
28103941	880	885	BCCAO	T046	C1386627
28103941	888	889	R	T038	C0684253
28103941	902	915	hypoperfusion	T046	C0442856
28103941	935	946	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
28103941	952	959	frontal	T023	C0016733
28103941	964	972	temporal	T023	C0039485
28103941	975	993	occipital cortices	T023	C3811911
28103941	998	1004	plasma	T031	C0032105
28103941	1010	1018	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28103941	1022	1078	high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry	T059	C3641325
28103941	1080	1087	HPLC-MS	T059	C3641325
28103941	1102	1116	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28103941	1120	1136	endocannabinoids	T109,T123	C1172779
28103941	1138	1142	eCBs	T109,T123	C1172779
28103941	1156	1165	molecules	T167	C0567416
28103941	1178	1185	ligands	T103	C0023688
28103941	1189	1199	PPAR-alpha	T116,T192	C0166415
28103941	1208	1224	oxidative-stress	T049	C0242606
28103941	1225	1232	markers	T201	C0005516
28103941	1241	1254	lipoperoxides	T109	C0023776
28103941	1262	1274	Western Blot	T059	C0949466
28103941	1279	1299	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28103941	1313	1318	study	T062	C0008972
28103941	1319	1337	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28103941	1341	1362	cannabinoid receptors	T116,T192	C0054594
28103941	1364	1369	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
28103941	1374	1384	PPAR-alpha	T116,T192	C0166415
28103941	1386	1411	Unpaired Student's t-test	T170	C1710574
28103941	1424	1432	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28103941	1433	1444	statistical	T081	C2828391
28103941	1445	1456	differences	T080	C1705242
28103941	1465	1471	groups	T078	C0441833
28103941	1477	1482	acute	T079	C0205178
28103941	1483	1488	BCCAO	T046	C1386627
28103941	1491	1492	R	T038	C0684253
28103941	1528	1540	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
28103941	1555	1559	eCBs	T109,T123	C1172779
28103941	1560	1582	2-arachidonoylglycerol	T109,T121	C0299477
28103941	1587	1597	anandamide	T109,T123	C0211726
28103941	1599	1620	palmitoylethanolamide	T109,T121	C0069964
28103941	1630	1636	ligand	T103	C0023688
28103941	1640	1650	PPAR-alpha	T116,T192	C0166415
28103941	1652	1665	lipoperoxides	T109	C0023776
28103941	1667	1673	type 1	T116,T192	C0378126
28103941	1675	1678	CB1	T116,T192	C0378126
28103941	1684	1690	type 2	T116,T192	C0208757
28103941	1692	1695	CB2	T116,T192	C0208757
28103941	1697	1718	cannabinoid receptors	T116,T192	C0054594
28103941	1724	1729	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
28103941	1745	1757	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
28103941	1758	1772	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28103941	1776	1796	docosahexaenoic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0012968
28103941	1798	1801	DHA	T109,T121,T123	C0012968
28103941	1821	1828	targets	T169	C1521840
28103941	1832	1850	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
28103941	1855	1861	plasma	T031	C0032105
28103941	1883	1893	anandamide	T109,T123	C0211726
28103941	1898	1911	lipoperoxides	T109	C0023776
28103941	1917	1925	observed	T169	C1441672
28103941	1931	1936	BCCAO	T046	C1386627
28103941	1939	1940	R	T038	C0684253
28103941	1941	1951	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28103941	1958	1967	molecular	T080	C1521991
28103941	1968	1975	changes	T169	C0392747
28103941	2005	2017	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
28103941	2022	2028	plasma	T031	C0032105
28103941	2043	2053	indicative	T078	C3146298
28103941	2061	2067	tissue	T024	C0040300
28103941	2068	2090	physiological response	T039	C0542478
28103941	2098	2109	reperfusion	T038	C0684253
28103941	2112	2119	induced	T169	C0205263
28103941	2120	2136	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28103941	2141	2153	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28103941	2159	2167	observed	T169	C1441672
28103941	2168	2178	variations	T080	C0205419
28103941	2205	2215	modulation	T082	C0443264
28103941	2223	2226	ECS	T044	C3156138
28103941	2247	2262	proinflammatory	T123	C0574031
28103941	2318	2327	plasmatic	T031	C0032105
28103941	2338	2348	anandamide	T109,T123	C0211726
28103941	2353	2366	lipoperoxides	T109	C0023776
28103941	2389	2402	dysregulation	T038	C1327622
28103941	2412	2421	molecules	T167	C0567416
28103941	2441	2450	indicator	T169	C1522602
28103941	2465	2478	hypoperfusion	T046	C0442856
28103941	2481	2492	reperfusion	T038	C0684253

28104084|t|Access to Vagal Projections via Cutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Neck: fMRI Evidence in Healthy Humans
28104084|a|Stimulation of the vagus nerve via implanted electrodes is currently used to treat refractory epilepsy and depression. Recently, a non-invasive approach to vagal stimulation has demonstrated similar beneficial effects, but it remains unclear whether these effects are mediated via activation of afferent vagal fibers. The present study was designed to ascertain whether afferent vagal projections can be accessed non-invasively by transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the antero-lateral surface of the neck, which overlies the course of the vagus nerve. Thirteen healthy subjects underwent 2 fMRI scans in one session. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation was applied for 2 min to the right postero-lateral surface of the neck during scan #1 (control condition, sternocleidomastoid stimulation: " SCM ") and to the right antero-lateral surface of the neck during scan #2 (experimental condition, non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: " nVNS "). Two analyses were conducted using FSL (whole-brain and brainstem; corrected, p < 0.01) to determine whether nVNS activated vagal projections in the brainstem and forebrain, compared to baseline and SCM stimulation. Compared to baseline and control (SCM) stimulation, nVNS significantly activated primary vagal projections including: nucleus of the solitary tract (primary central relay of vagal afferents), parabrachial area, primary sensory cortex, and insula. Regions of the basal ganglia and frontal cortex were also significantly activated. Deactivations were found in the hippocampus, visual cortex, and spinal trigeminal nucleus. The present findings provide evidence in humans that cervical vagal afferents can be accessed non-invasively via transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the antero-lateral surface of the neck, which overlies the course of the nerve, suggesting an alternative and feasible method of stimulating vagal afferents.
28104084	0	6	Access	T082	C0444454
28104084	10	27	Vagal Projections	T082	C0348018
28104084	32	64	Cutaneous Electrical Stimulation	T061	C0150184
28104084	72	76	Neck	T029	C0027530
28104084	78	82	fMRI	T060	C0376335
28104084	83	91	Evidence	T078	C3887511
28104084	95	102	Healthy	T080	C3898900
28104084	103	109	Humans	T016	C0086418
28104084	110	140	Stimulation of the vagus nerve	T061	C2350432
28104084	145	165	implanted electrodes	T073	C0013814
28104084	187	192	treat	T061	C0087111
28104084	193	212	refractory epilepsy	T047	C1096063
28104084	217	227	depression	T048	C0011570
28104084	241	253	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28104084	254	262	approach	T082	C0449445
28104084	266	283	vagal stimulation	T061	C2350432
28104084	366	373	effects	T080	C1280500
28104084	391	401	activation	T052	C1879547
28104084	405	413	afferent	T082	C0205115
28104084	414	426	vagal fibers	T023	C0175551
28104084	440	445	study	T062	C2603343
28104084	480	488	afferent	T082	C0205115
28104084	489	494	vagal	T023	C0175551
28104084	495	506	projections	T082	C0348018
28104084	514	522	accessed	T082	C0444454
28104084	541	578	transcutaneous electrical stimulation	T061	C0040654
28104084	586	608	antero-lateral surface	T082	C0205148
28104084	616	620	neck	T029	C0027530
28104084	655	666	vagus nerve	T023	C0042276
28104084	677	693	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
28104084	706	710	fMRI	T060	C0376335
28104084	711	716	scans	T060	C0441633
28104084	733	770	Transcutaneous electrical stimulation	T061	C0040654
28104084	800	841	right postero-lateral surface of the neck	T029	C0929133
28104084	849	853	scan	T060	C0441633
28104084	877	896	sternocleidomastoid	T023	C0224153
28104084	897	908	stimulation	T033	C1709098
28104084	912	915	SCM	T033	C1709098
28104084	930	970	right antero-lateral surface of the neck	T029	C0929133
28104084	978	982	scan	T060	C0441633
28104084	1011	1023	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28104084	1024	1047	vagus nerve stimulation	T061	C2350432
28104084	1051	1055	nVNS	T061	C2350432
28104084	1094	1097	FSL	T170	C0282574
28104084	1099	1110	whole-brain	T023	C0006104
28104084	1115	1124	brainstem	T023	C0006121
28104084	1168	1172	nVNS	T061	C2350432
28104084	1183	1188	vagal	T023	C0175551
28104084	1189	1200	projections	T082	C0348018
28104084	1208	1217	brainstem	T023	C0006121
28104084	1222	1231	forebrain	T023	C0085140
28104084	1233	1241	compared	T052	C1707455
28104084	1245	1253	baseline	T081	C1442488
28104084	1258	1273	SCM stimulation	T033	C1709098
28104084	1275	1283	Compared	T052	C1707455
28104084	1287	1295	baseline	T081	C1442488
28104084	1300	1307	control	T169	C2587213
28104084	1308	1325	(SCM) stimulation	T033	C1709098
28104084	1327	1331	nVNS	T061	C2350432
28104084	1346	1355	activated	T052	C1879547
28104084	1356	1369	primary vagal	T023	C0175551
28104084	1370	1381	projections	T082	C0348018
28104084	1393	1422	nucleus of the solitary tract	T023	C0175518
28104084	1449	1464	vagal afferents	T023	C0175551
28104084	1467	1484	parabrachial area	T023	C3850028
28104084	1486	1508	primary sensory cortex	T023	C0037658
28104084	1514	1520	insula	T023	C0021640
28104084	1522	1529	Regions	T029	C0005898
28104084	1537	1550	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
28104084	1555	1569	frontal cortex	T023	C0016733
28104084	1594	1603	activated	T052	C1879547
28104084	1605	1618	Deactivations	T052	C0441655
28104084	1637	1648	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28104084	1650	1663	visual cortex	T023	C0042817
28104084	1669	1694	spinal trigeminal nucleus	T023	C0041000
28104084	1708	1716	findings	T169	C2607943
28104084	1725	1733	evidence	T078	C3887511
28104084	1737	1743	humans	T016	C0086418
28104084	1749	1757	cervical	T082	C0205064
28104084	1758	1773	vagal afferents	T023	C0175551
28104084	1781	1789	accessed	T082	C0444454
28104084	1809	1846	transcutaneous electrical stimulation	T061	C0040654
28104084	1854	1888	antero-lateral surface of the neck	T029	C0929132
28104084	1923	1928	nerve	T024	C0027740
28104084	1944	1955	alternative	T077	C1523987
28104084	1979	1990	stimulating	T070	C1948023
28104084	1991	2006	vagal afferents	T023	C0229962

28104446|t|Factors associated with fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults with and without diabetes mellitus: Findings from the Frailty in Brazilian Older People Study (FIBRA-BR)
28104446|a|This study aimed to investigate the associated factors with fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults with and without diabetes mellitus. Data from the Frailty in Brazilian Older People Study (FIBRA-BR), involving 4449 individuals aged 65years or older (19.2% with diabetes), were analyzed. The potential factors associated with fear of falling included sociodemographic data, chronic diseases, health-related variables and functional capacity measures. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with fear of falling. Female gender, arthritis or rheumatism, negative health self-perception, frailty, lower Lawton Scale score and reduced gait speed were independently associated with fear of falling in both groups. Factors associated with fear of falling specific to non-diabetic older adults were depression, visual impairment, falls in the previous 12 months, obesity, depressive symptoms, higher Katz Index score and decreased handgrip strength. Lower Mini-Mental State Examination score was an associated factor with fear of falling only in those with diabetes. The factors associated with fear of falling did differ between non-diabetic and diabetic older adults. Health care professionals should consider such differences when planning their therapeutic approaches for a successful management of fear of falling in these older populations.
28104446	0	7	Factors	T169	C1521761
28104446	8	23	associated with	T080	C0332281
28104446	24	39	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
28104446	43	61	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
28104446	62	74	older adults	T098	C0001792
28104446	84	91	without	T080	C0332288
28104446	92	109	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28104446	111	119	Findings	T033	C0243095
28104446	129	168	Frailty in Brazilian Older People Study	T062	C2603343
28104446	170	178	FIBRA-BR	T062	C2603343
28104446	185	190	study	T062	C2603343
28104446	191	196	aimed	T078	C1947946
28104446	200	211	investigate	T169	C1292732
28104446	216	226	associated	T080	C0332281
28104446	227	234	factors	T169	C1521761
28104446	240	255	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
28104446	259	277	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
28104446	278	290	older adults	T098	C0001792
28104446	300	307	without	T080	C0332288
28104446	308	325	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28104446	327	331	Data	T078	C1511726
28104446	341	380	Frailty in Brazilian Older People Study	T062	C2603343
28104446	382	390	FIBRA-BR	T062	C2603343
28104446	408	419	individuals	T098	C0027361
28104446	420	424	aged	T032	C0001779
28104446	425	441	65years or older	T033	C3844361
28104446	454	462	diabetes	T047	C0011849
28104446	470	478	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28104446	494	501	factors	T169	C1521761
28104446	502	517	associated with	T080	C0332281
28104446	518	533	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
28104446	543	564	sociodemographic data	T170	C0150098
28104446	566	582	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28104446	584	608	health-related variables	T033	C3261327
28104446	613	641	functional capacity measures	T033	C2959456
28104446	643	671	Logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28104446	676	685	performed	T169	C0884358
28104446	702	709	factors	T169	C1521761
28104446	710	725	associated with	T080	C0332281
28104446	726	741	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
28104446	743	756	Female gender	T032	C0086287
28104446	758	767	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28104446	771	781	rheumatism	T047	C0035435
28104446	783	814	negative health self-perception	T041	C0242498
28104446	816	823	frailty	T033	C0424594
28104446	825	849	lower Lawton Scale score	T081	C0449820
28104446	854	872	reduced gait speed	T033	C2009911
28104446	878	891	independently	T169	C0332291
28104446	892	907	associated with	T080	C0332281
28104446	908	923	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
28104446	927	931	both	T080	C1706086
28104446	932	938	groups	T078	C0441833
28104446	940	947	Factors	T169	C1521761
28104446	948	963	associated with	T080	C0332281
28104446	964	979	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
28104446	992	1017	non-diabetic older adults	T098	C0001792
28104446	1023	1033	depression	T048	C0011570
28104446	1035	1052	visual impairment	T033	C3665347
28104446	1054	1059	falls	T033	C0085639
28104446	1067	1075	previous	T079	C0205156
28104446	1079	1085	months	T079	C0439231
28104446	1087	1094	obesity	T047	C0028754
28104446	1096	1115	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28104446	1117	1140	higher Katz Index score	T081	C0449820
28104446	1145	1172	decreased handgrip strength	T033	C3279724
28104446	1174	1215	Lower Mini-Mental State Examination score	T033	C2960235
28104446	1223	1233	associated	T080	C0332281
28104446	1234	1240	factor	T169	C1521761
28104446	1246	1261	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
28104446	1281	1289	diabetes	T047	C0011849
28104446	1295	1302	factors	T169	C1521761
28104446	1303	1318	associated with	T080	C0332281
28104446	1319	1334	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
28104446	1339	1345	differ	T080	C1705242
28104446	1346	1353	between	T082	C0205103
28104446	1371	1379	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28104446	1380	1392	older adults	T098	C0001792
28104446	1394	1419	Health care professionals	T097	C0018724
28104446	1473	1495	therapeutic approaches	T061	C0087111
28104446	1513	1523	management	T057	C1273870
28104446	1527	1542	fear of falling	T033	C0877040
28104446	1552	1569	older populations	T098	C1518563

28104952|t|Pitfalls in interpretation of FDG PET/CT: Septic pulmonary emboli mimicking metastases in a case of gastric carcinoma
28104952|a|Inflammatory lesions may sometimes show intense tracer uptake and mimic neoplastic lesions on (18) F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). We report one such false positive case on FDG PET/CT, where septic pulmonary emboli (SPE) mimicked pulmonary metastases. A 45- year-old man with stomach cancer had an indwelling central venous catheter (CVC) in situ while on neoadjuvant chemotherapy. He underwent FDG PET/CT scan for response assessment and the images revealed multiple, intensely FDG avid, peripheral, lung nodules with feeding vessels, which were suspicious for pulmonary metastases. A day later, the patient developed fever with chills and his blood culture showed bacterial growth (Enterobacter cloacae). A provisional diagnosis of SPE from an infected CVC was made. Chemotherapy was withheld, CVC removed, and the catheter tip was sent for bacterial culture. Following a 4-week course of antibiotic treatment, the patient became afebrile. Culture from the CVC tip grew the same organism, as was seen earlier in the patient's blood culture, thus pin-pointing the source of infection in our case. Diagnosis of SPE was clinched when follow-up CT chest done after completion of antibiotic course showed complete resolution of the lung lesions.
28104952	0	8	Pitfalls	T080	C0598697
28104952	12	26	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28104952	30	33	FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
28104952	34	40	PET/CT	T060	C1699633
28104952	42	65	Septic pulmonary emboli	UnknownType	C0748131
28104952	66	75	mimicking	T080	C0205556
28104952	76	86	metastases	T191	C0153676
28104952	100	117	gastric carcinoma	T191	C0699791
28104952	118	138	Inflammatory lesions	T033	C3872830
28104952	143	152	sometimes	T079	C1998882
28104952	166	172	tracer	T130	C1522485
28104952	173	179	uptake	T039	C0243144
28104952	184	189	mimic	T080	C0205556
28104952	190	200	neoplastic	T191	C0027651
28104952	201	208	lesions	T033	C0221198
28104952	212	238	(18) F-fluoro-deoxyglucose	T109,T130	C0046056
28104952	240	243	FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
28104952	245	293	positron emission tomography/computed tomography	T060	C1699633
28104952	295	301	PET/CT	T060	C1699633
28104952	307	313	report	T170	C0684224
28104952	323	337	false positive	T034	C0205557
28104952	346	349	FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
28104952	350	356	PET/CT	T060	C1699633
28104952	364	387	septic pulmonary emboli	UnknownType	C0748131
28104952	389	392	SPE	UnknownType	C0748131
28104952	394	402	mimicked	T080	C0205556
28104952	403	423	pulmonary metastases	T191	C0153676
28104952	431	439	year-old	T079	C1510829
28104952	440	443	man	T098	C0025266
28104952	449	463	stomach cancer	T191	C0699791
28104952	471	505	indwelling central venous catheter	T061	C2049627
28104952	507	510	CVC	T061	C2049627
28104952	512	519	in situ	T082	C0444498
28104952	520	525	while	T078	C0750519
28104952	529	540	neoadjuvant	T061	C0600558
28104952	541	553	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28104952	568	571	FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
28104952	572	583	PET/CT scan	T060	C1699633
28104952	588	596	response	T033	C1704632
28104952	597	607	assessment	T052	C1516048
28104952	616	622	images	T170	C1704922
28104952	623	631	revealed	T080	C0443289
28104952	632	640	multiple	T081	C0439064
28104952	642	651	intensely	T080	C0522510
28104952	652	655	FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
28104952	656	660	avid	T109,T121	C2986972
28104952	662	672	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28104952	674	686	lung nodules	T033	C0034079
28104952	692	707	feeding vessels	T023	C0229889
28104952	720	730	suspicious	T078	C0750493
28104952	735	755	pulmonary metastases	T191	C0153676
28104952	759	762	day	T079	C0439228
28104952	763	768	later	T079	C0205087
28104952	774	781	patient	T101	C0030705
28104952	792	809	fever with chills	T184	C0085594
28104952	818	831	blood culture	T059	C0200949
28104952	839	855	bacterial growth	T034	C0427944
28104952	857	877	Enterobacter cloacae	T007	C0085484
28104952	882	903	provisional diagnosis	T080	C0332134
28104952	907	910	SPE	UnknownType	C0748131
28104952	919	927	infected	T033	C0439663
28104952	928	931	CVC	T061	C2049627
28104952	942	954	Chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28104952	969	972	CVC	T061	C2049627
28104952	973	980	removed	T080	C0849355
28104952	990	1002	catheter tip	T074	C0444299
28104952	1016	1033	bacterial culture	T059	C0430402
28104952	1035	1044	Following	T079	C0332282
28104952	1047	1060	4-week course	T079	C0750729
28104952	1064	1084	antibiotic treatment	T061	C0338237
28104952	1090	1097	patient	T101	C0030705
28104952	1105	1113	afebrile	T033	C0277797
28104952	1115	1122	Culture	T059	C0430402
28104952	1132	1139	CVC tip	T074	C4076189
28104952	1154	1162	organism	T001	C0029235
28104952	1176	1183	earlier	T079	C1279919
28104952	1191	1200	patient's	T101	C0030705
28104952	1201	1214	blood culture	T059	C0200949
28104952	1238	1244	source	T033	C0449416
28104952	1248	1257	infection	T046	C3714514
28104952	1271	1280	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28104952	1284	1287	SPE	UnknownType	C0748131
28104952	1306	1315	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28104952	1316	1318	CT	T060	C0040405
28104952	1319	1324	chest	T029	C0817096
28104952	1336	1346	completion	T080	C0205197
28104952	1350	1360	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28104952	1361	1367	course	T079	C0750729
28104952	1375	1383	complete	T080	C0205197
28104952	1384	1394	resolution	T077	C2699488
28104952	1402	1414	lung lesions	T033	C0577916

28105138|t|Clinical and angiographic correlation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction
28105138|a|Vascular inflammation and associated ongoing inflammatory responses are considered as the critical culprits in the pathogenesis of acute atherothrombotic events such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and myocardial infarction (MI). ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is considered as one of the prominent clinical forms of ACS. Moreover, C-reactive protein (CRP) is an important acute phase prsotein, which may be estimated using high-sensitivity methods (hs-CRP), and its elevated level in body fluids reflects chronic inflammatory status. The circulating hs-CRP level has been proposed as a promising inflammatory marker of coronary artery disease (CAD). The present study investigated the correlation of hs-CRP level with clinical and angiographic features of STEMI, various other traditional risk factors, complications of myocardial infarction and angiographically significant CAD. Out of 190 patients with STEMI that were analyzed, the interval between symptom onset and reperfusion therapy (window period) varied from 0.5 to 24 h. The hs-CRP value was found to be higher in non-diabetic patients (0.61 mg/dl) compared with diabetic patients (0.87 mg/dl). Moreover, a significant correlation between hs-CRP and hs-troponin T was also recorded (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the mean hs-CRP values in patients with or without mortality. It is considered that the present study will increase the understanding of atherosclerosis in general and may also have clinical applications in the targeting of therapy for this harmful disease.
28105138	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28105138	13	25	angiographic	T060	C0002978
28105138	26	37	correlation	T080	C1707520
28105138	41	76	high-sensitivity C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
28105138	82	122	acute ST elevation myocardial infarction	T047	C1303258
28105138	123	144	Vascular inflammation	T047	C0947751
28105138	168	190	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
28105138	238	250	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28105138	254	259	acute	T079	C0205178
28105138	260	276	atherothrombotic	T020	C1963943
28105138	277	283	events	T051	C0441471
28105138	292	315	acute coronary syndrome	T047	C0948089
28105138	317	320	ACS	T047	C0948089
28105138	326	347	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28105138	349	351	MI	T047	C0027051
28105138	354	396	ST segment elevation myocardial infarction	T047	C1536220
28105138	398	403	STEMI	T047	C1536220
28105138	443	451	clinical	T080	C0205210
28105138	452	457	forms	T080	C0348078
28105138	461	464	ACS	T047	C0948089
28105138	476	494	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
28105138	496	499	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28105138	517	537	acute phase prsotein	T116,T123	C0001347
28105138	568	592	high-sensitivity methods	T059	C3839560
28105138	594	600	hs-CRP	T059	C3839560
28105138	611	619	elevated	T080	C3163633
28105138	620	625	level	T034	C0428528
28105138	629	640	body fluids	T031	C0005889
28105138	650	670	chronic inflammatory	T046	C0021376
28105138	671	677	status	T080	C0449438
28105138	695	701	hs-CRP	T059	C3839560
28105138	702	707	level	T034	C0428528
28105138	741	753	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28105138	754	760	marker	T201	C0005516
28105138	764	787	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010054
28105138	789	792	CAD	T047	C0010054
28105138	807	812	study	T062	C2603343
28105138	813	825	investigated	T169	C1292732
28105138	830	841	correlation	T080	C1707520
28105138	845	851	hs-CRP	T059	C3839560
28105138	852	857	level	T034	C0428528
28105138	863	871	clinical	T080	C0205210
28105138	876	888	angiographic	T060	C0002978
28105138	889	897	features	T080	C2348519
28105138	901	906	STEMI	T047	C1536220
28105138	934	946	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28105138	948	961	complications	T046	C0009566
28105138	965	986	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28105138	991	1019	angiographically significant	T078	C0750502
28105138	1020	1023	CAD	T047	C0010054
28105138	1036	1044	patients	T101	C0030705
28105138	1050	1055	STEMI	T047	C1536220
28105138	1066	1074	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28105138	1080	1088	interval	T079	C1272706
28105138	1097	1110	symptom onset	T079	C4086878
28105138	1115	1134	reperfusion therapy	T061	C0035124
28105138	1136	1149	window period	T079	C1948053
28105138	1173	1174	h	T079	C0439227
28105138	1180	1186	hs-CRP	T059	C3839560
28105138	1219	1240	non-diabetic patients	T101	C0030705
28105138	1254	1262	compared	T052	C1707455
28105138	1268	1276	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28105138	1277	1285	patients	T101	C0030705
28105138	1324	1335	correlation	T080	C1707520
28105138	1344	1350	hs-CRP	T059	C3839560
28105138	1355	1368	hs-troponin T	T059	C3827339
28105138	1455	1461	hs-CRP	T059	C3839560
28105138	1462	1468	values	T080	C0042295
28105138	1472	1480	patients	T101	C0030705
28105138	1497	1506	mortality	T081	C0205848
28105138	1542	1547	study	T062	C2603343
28105138	1583	1598	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28105138	1628	1649	clinical applications	T058	C1254363
28105138	1670	1677	therapy	T061	C0087111
28105138	1695	1702	disease	T047	C0012634

28105538|t|Comparison of non-invasive blood pressure monitoring using modified arterial applanation tonometry with intra-arterial measurement
28105538|a|Intermittent non-invasive blood pressure measurement with tourniquets is slow, can cause nerve and skin damage, and interferes with other measurements. Invasive measurement cannot be safely used in all conditions. Modified arterial tonometry may be an alternative for fast and continuous measurement. Our aim was to compare arterial tonometry sensor (BPro(®)) with invasive blood pressure measurement to clarify whether it could be utilized in the postoperative setting. 28 patients who underwent elective surgery requiring arterial cannulation were analyzed. Patients were monitored post-operatively for 2 h with standard invasive monitoring and with a study device comprising an arterial tonometry sensor (BPro(®)) added with a three-dimensional accelerometer to investigate the potential impact of movement. Recordings were collected electronically. The results revealed inaccurate readings in method comparison between the devices based on recommendations by Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI). On a Bland-Altman plot, the bias and precision between these two methods was 19.8 ± 16.7 (Limits of agreement - 20.1 to 59.6) mmHg, Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.61. For diastolic pressure, the difference was 4.8 ± 7.7 (LoA - 14.1 to 23.6) mmHg (r = 0.72), and for mean arterial pressure it was 11.18 ± 11.1 (LoA - 12.1 to 34.2) mmHg (r = 0.642). Our study revealed inaccurate agreement (AAMI) between the two methods when measuring systolic and mean blood pressures during post-operative care. The readings for diastolic pressures were inside the limits recommended by AAMI. Movement increased the failure rate significantly (p < 0.001). Thus, arterial tonometry is not an appropriate replacement for invasive blood pressure measurement in these patients.
28105538	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28105538	14	52	non-invasive blood pressure monitoring	T060	C0561871
28105538	68	76	arterial	T023	C0003842
28105538	77	98	applanation tonometry	T060	C0430862
28105538	104	130	intra-arterial measurement	T060	C0199644
28105538	131	143	Intermittent	T079	C0205267
28105538	144	183	non-invasive blood pressure measurement	T074	C1740333
28105538	189	200	tourniquets	T074	C0040519
28105538	220	225	nerve	T037	C0161479
28105538	230	241	skin damage	T184	C0849640
28105538	269	281	measurements	T169	C0242485
28105538	283	303	Invasive measurement	T060	C0199622
28105538	333	343	conditions	T080	C0348080
28105538	354	362	arterial	T023	C0003842
28105538	363	372	tonometry	T060	C0040420
28105538	419	430	measurement	T169	C0242485
28105538	436	439	aim	T078	C1947946
28105538	455	463	arterial	T023	C0003842
28105538	464	480	tonometry sensor	T074	C0183969
28105538	482	489	BPro(®)	T074	C0025080
28105538	496	519	invasive blood pressure	T060	C0199622
28105538	520	531	measurement	T169	C0242485
28105538	579	600	postoperative setting	T058	C0205903
28105538	605	613	patients	T101	C0030705
28105538	628	644	elective surgery	T061	C0206058
28105538	655	675	arterial cannulation	T061	C0007431
28105538	691	699	Patients	T101	C0030705
28105538	705	731	monitored post-operatively	T058	C0032786
28105538	754	773	invasive monitoring	T060	C0199622
28105538	785	790	study	T062	C2603343
28105538	791	797	device	T073	C0699733
28105538	812	820	arterial	T023	C0003842
28105538	821	837	tonometry sensor	T074	C0183969
28105538	839	846	BPro(®)	T074	C0025080
28105538	861	892	three-dimensional accelerometer	T074	C4052731
28105538	896	907	investigate	T169	C1292732
28105538	912	928	potential impact	T080	C4049986
28105538	932	940	movement	T040	C0026649
28105538	942	952	Recordings	T170	C0025102
28105538	988	995	results	T169	C1274040
28105538	1005	1015	inaccurate	T080	C0443236
28105538	1016	1024	readings	T077	C1705179
28105538	1028	1034	method	T170	C0025663
28105538	1035	1045	comparison	T052	C1707455
28105538	1058	1065	devices	T073	C0699733
28105538	1075	1090	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28105538	1094	1152	Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation	T093	C1708333
28105538	1154	1158	AAMI	T093	C1708333
28105538	1166	1183	Bland-Altman plot	T170	C0282574
28105538	1226	1233	methods	T170	C0025663
28105538	1251	1257	Limits	T169	C0439801
28105538	1261	1270	agreement	T201	C4255433
28105538	1293	1325	Spearman correlation coefficient	T081	C0242929
28105538	1340	1358	diastolic pressure	T201	C0428883
28105538	1435	1457	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
28105538	1521	1526	study	T062	C2603343
28105538	1536	1546	inaccurate	T080	C0443236
28105538	1547	1556	agreement	T201	C4255433
28105538	1558	1562	AAMI	T093	C1708333
28105538	1580	1587	methods	T170	C0025663
28105538	1603	1611	systolic	T201	C0871470
28105538	1616	1636	mean blood pressures	T033	C0428886
28105538	1644	1663	post-operative care	T058	C0032786
28105538	1669	1677	readings	T077	C1705179
28105538	1682	1701	diastolic pressures	T201	C0428883
28105538	1718	1724	limits	T169	C0439801
28105538	1740	1744	AAMI	T093	C1708333
28105538	1746	1754	Movement	T040	C0026649
28105538	1769	1776	failure	T169	C0231174
28105538	1777	1781	rate	T081	C1521828
28105538	1815	1823	arterial	T023	C0003842
28105538	1824	1833	tonometry	T060	C0040420
28105538	1856	1867	replacement	T169	C0559956
28105538	1872	1907	invasive blood pressure measurement	T060	C0199622
28105538	1917	1925	patients	T101	C0030705

28105595|t|Bioelectrochemical anaerobic sewage treatment technology for Arctic communities
28105595|a|This study describes a novel wastewater treatment technology suitable for small remote northern communities. The technology is based on an enhanced biodegradation of organic carbon through a combination of anaerobic methanogenic and microbial electrochemical (bioelectrochemical) degradation processes leading to biomethane production. The microbial electrochemical degradation is achieved in a membraneless flow -through bioanode - biocathode setup operating at an applied voltage below the water electrolysis threshold. Laboratory wastewater treatment tests conducted through a broad range of mesophilic and psychrophilic temperatures (5-23 °C) using synthetic wastewater showed a biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) removal efficiency of 90-97% and an effluent BOD5 concentration as low as 7 mg L(-1). An electricity consumption of 0.6 kWh kg(-1) of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removed was observed. Low energy consumption coupled with enhanced methane production led to a net positive energy balance in the bioelectrochemical treatment system.
28105595	0	18	Bioelectrochemical	T059	C2350499
28105595	19	28	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
28105595	29	45	sewage treatment	T057	C0597443
28105595	46	56	technology	T090	C0039421
28105595	61	67	Arctic	T083	C0003740
28105595	68	79	communities	T096	C0009462
28105595	85	90	study	T062	C2603343
28105595	109	119	wastewater	T083	C0450237
28105595	120	129	treatment	T169	C1522326
28105595	130	140	technology	T090	C0039421
28105595	160	166	remote	T082	C0205157
28105595	167	175	northern	T082	C1709269
28105595	176	187	communities	T096	C0009462
28105595	193	203	technology	T090	C0039421
28105595	207	212	based	T169	C1527178
28105595	219	227	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28105595	228	242	biodegradation	T070	C0005482
28105595	246	260	organic carbon	T104	C0302333
28105595	286	295	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
28105595	296	308	methanogenic	T194	C0025621
28105595	313	322	microbial	T001	C0599840
28105595	323	338	electrochemical	T059	C2350499
28105595	340	358	bioelectrochemical	T059	C2350499
28105595	360	381	degradation processes	T169	C0243125
28105595	393	403	biomethane	T109	C0029224
28105595	404	414	production	T169	C1522492
28105595	420	429	microbial	T001	C0599840
28105595	430	445	electrochemical	T059	C2350499
28105595	446	457	degradation	T169	C0243125
28105595	475	492	membraneless flow	T033	C0243095
28105595	502	510	bioanode	T073	C0003103
28105595	513	523	biocathode	T073	C0007441
28105595	530	539	operating	T169	C3242339
28105595	546	553	applied	T169	C4048755
28105595	554	561	voltage	T081	C0598352
28105595	572	577	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28105595	578	590	electrolysis	T061	C0013829
28105595	591	600	threshold	T080	C0449864
28105595	602	612	Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28105595	613	623	wastewater	T083	C0450237
28105595	624	633	treatment	T169	C1522326
28105595	634	639	tests	T170	C0392366
28105595	660	671	broad range	T082	C0332464
28105595	675	685	mesophilic	T080	C0205081
28105595	690	716	psychrophilic temperatures	T070	C0009264
28105595	733	742	synthetic	T080	C2004457
28105595	743	753	wastewater	T083	C0450237
28105595	763	788	biochemical oxygen demand	T059	C3826658
28105595	790	794	BOD5	T059	C3826658
28105595	796	803	removal	T052	C1883720
28105595	804	814	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28105595	832	840	effluent	T170	C1546612
28105595	841	845	BOD5	T059	C3826658
28105595	846	859	concentration	T081	C1446561
28105595	885	896	electricity	T070	C0013790
28105595	897	908	consumption	T169	C0457083
28105595	930	952	chemical oxygen demand	T038	C2936287
28105595	954	957	COD	T038	C2936287
28105595	959	966	removed	T080	C0849355
28105595	971	979	observed	T169	C1441672
28105595	981	984	Low	T080	C0205251
28105595	985	991	energy	T081	C1442080
28105595	992	1003	consumption	T169	C0457083
28105595	1017	1025	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28105595	1026	1033	methane	T109	C0025617
28105595	1034	1044	production	T169	C1522492
28105595	1058	1066	positive	T033	C1446409
28105595	1067	1073	energy	T081	C1442080
28105595	1074	1081	balance	T169	C0205415
28105595	1089	1107	bioelectrochemical	T059	C2350499
28105595	1108	1117	treatment	T169	C1522326
28105595	1118	1124	system	T169	C0449913

28105644|t|Site -, Technique -, and Time - Related Aspects of the Postmortem Redistribution of Diazepam, Methadone, Morphine, and their Metabolites: Interest of Popliteal Vein Blood Sampling
28105644|a|Sampling site, technique, and time influence postmortem drug concentrations. In 57 cases, we studied drug concentration differences as follows: subclavian vein - dissection / clamping versus blind stick, femoral vein - dissection / clamping versus blind stick, right cardiac chamber, and popliteal vein - dissection and clamping only. Cases were distributed in group #1 (all cases with both techniques), group #2 (dissection / clamping), and group #3 (blind stick). Sampled drugs were diazepam, methadone, morphine, and their metabolites. To assess PMR, mean concentrations and ratios were calculated for each group. Time-dependent variations of blood concentrations and ratios were also assessed. Results indicate that site, method, and time may influence postmortem distribution interpretation in different ways. Popliteal blood seems less subject to PMR. In conclusion, our study is the first to evaluate concurrently three main aspects of PMR and confirms that the popliteal vein may represent a site that is more resistant to the changes seen as a result of PMR.
28105644	0	4	Site	T082	C0205145
28105644	8	17	Technique	T169	C0449851
28105644	25	29	Time	T079	C0040223
28105644	32	39	Related	T080	C0439849
28105644	40	47	Aspects	T080	C1879746
28105644	55	65	Postmortem	T060	C0004398
28105644	66	80	Redistribution	T169	C0332620
28105644	84	92	Diazepam	T109,T121	C0012010
28105644	94	103	Methadone	T109,T121	C0025605
28105644	105	113	Morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28105644	125	136	Metabolites	T123	C0870883
28105644	138	146	Interest	T041	C0543488
28105644	150	164	Popliteal Vein	T023	C0032652
28105644	165	179	Blood Sampling	T060	C0190979
28105644	180	193	Sampling site	T082	C0449705
28105644	195	204	technique	T169	C0449851
28105644	210	214	time	T079	C0040223
28105644	215	224	influence	T077	C4054723
28105644	225	235	postmortem	T060	C0004398
28105644	236	255	drug concentrations	T081	C0678756
28105644	263	268	cases	T169	C0868928
28105644	273	280	studied	T062	C0681814
28105644	281	299	drug concentration	T081	C0678756
28105644	300	311	differences	T080	C1705242
28105644	324	339	subclavian vein	T023	C0038532
28105644	342	352	dissection	T046	C4049310
28105644	355	363	clamping	T074	C1738302
28105644	371	382	blind stick	T074	C0025080
28105644	384	396	femoral vein	T023	C0015809
28105644	399	409	dissection	T046	C4049310
28105644	412	420	clamping	T074	C1738302
28105644	428	439	blind stick	T074	C0025080
28105644	441	462	right cardiac chamber	T030	C0507071
28105644	468	482	popliteal vein	T023	C0032652
28105644	485	495	dissection	T046	C4049310
28105644	500	508	clamping	T074	C1738302
28105644	515	520	Cases	T169	C0868928
28105644	526	537	distributed	T169	C1704711
28105644	541	546	group	T078	C0441833
28105644	555	560	cases	T169	C0868928
28105644	566	570	both	T080	C1706086
28105644	571	581	techniques	T169	C0449851
28105644	584	589	group	T078	C0441833
28105644	594	604	dissection	T046	C4049310
28105644	607	615	clamping	T074	C1738302
28105644	622	627	group	T078	C0441833
28105644	632	643	blind stick	T074	C0025080
28105644	646	653	Sampled	T078	C0870078
28105644	654	659	drugs	T121	C1254351
28105644	665	673	diazepam	T109,T121	C0012010
28105644	675	684	methadone	T109,T121	C0025605
28105644	686	694	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28105644	706	717	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28105644	722	728	assess	T052	C1516048
28105644	729	732	PMR	T169	C0332620
28105644	734	738	mean	T081	C0444504
28105644	739	753	concentrations	T081	C0678756
28105644	758	764	ratios	T081	C0456603
28105644	770	780	calculated	T052	C1441506
28105644	790	795	group	T078	C0441833
28105644	797	822	Time-dependent variations	T080	C0205419
28105644	826	846	blood concentrations	T081	C0699870
28105644	851	857	ratios	T081	C0456603
28105644	868	876	assessed	T052	C1516048
28105644	878	885	Results	T033	C0683954
28105644	900	904	site	T082	C0449705
28105644	906	912	method	T170	C0025663
28105644	918	922	time	T079	C0040223
28105644	927	936	influence	T077	C4054723
28105644	937	947	postmortem	T060	C0004398
28105644	948	960	distribution	T169	C1704711
28105644	961	975	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28105644	979	988	different	T080	C1705242
28105644	995	1004	Popliteal	T029	C0442037
28105644	1005	1010	blood	T031	C0005767
28105644	1017	1021	less	T080	C0547044
28105644	1033	1036	PMR	T169	C0332620
28105644	1041	1051	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28105644	1057	1062	study	T062	C0681814
28105644	1070	1075	first	T080	C1279901
28105644	1112	1119	aspects	T080	C1879746
28105644	1123	1126	PMR	T169	C0332620
28105644	1131	1139	confirms	T033	C0750484
28105644	1149	1163	popliteal vein	T023	C0032652
28105644	1168	1177	represent	T052	C1882932
28105644	1180	1184	site	T082	C0205145
28105644	1198	1207	resistant	T169	C0332325
28105644	1215	1222	changes	T169	C0392747
28105644	1233	1239	result	T033	C0683954
28105644	1243	1246	PMR	T169	C0332620

28105970|t|Classification of Edible Oils Based on ATR-FTIR Spectral Information During a Long Heating Treatment
28105970|a|Identification of oil type and its QC are important concerns in food control laboratories. Classifying edible oils that have not been used (i.e., unheated) with the aid of vibrational spectroscopy has previously been reported. However, the classification of used (i.e., heat-treated) oils needs special attention. The effect of long heating times on the classification of four kinds of edible oils (canola, corn, frying, and sunflower) based on attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectra was surveyed. The sampling was done on the oils during a 36 h heating process (at 170°C). The ATR-FTIR spectra of the samples were collected in the range of 4000-550 cm-1. Interval extended canonical variates analysis (ECVA), as a variable selection and classification tool, was used to determine the best intervals during the heating procedure for classification. Principal component analysis discriminate analysis, partial least-squares discriminate analysis, and ECVA were performed on the selected intervals and on the total heating time. The effect of autoscaling and mean-centering, as data preprocessing methods, was also investigated. The ECVA method resulted in the best performances for classification, with a 94% cross-validated nonerror rate (one misclassification) for the heating process times of 24-27 and 33-36 h.
28105970	0	14	Classification	T185	C0008902
28105970	18	29	Edible Oils	T168	C1517288
28105970	39	47	ATR-FTIR	T062	C0206055
28105970	48	68	Spectral Information	T078	C1533716
28105970	78	100	Long Heating Treatment	T067	C1254366
28105970	101	115	Identification	T080	C0205396
28105970	119	122	oil	T168	C1517288
28105970	123	127	type	T080	C0332307
28105970	136	138	QC	T169	C0034378
28105970	165	169	food	T168	C0016452
28105970	165	190	food control laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
28105970	192	203	Classifying	T185	C0008902
28105970	204	215	edible oils	T168	C1517288
28105970	247	255	unheated	T169	C0205245
28105970	273	297	vibrational spectroscopy	T059	C0037812
28105970	341	355	classification	T185	C0008902
28105970	371	383	heat-treated	T169	C0205245
28105970	385	389	oils	T168	C1517288
28105970	419	425	effect	T080	C1280500
28105970	429	447	long heating times	T079	C0040223
28105970	455	469	classification	T185	C0008902
28105970	487	498	edible oils	T168	C1517288
28105970	500	506	canola	T109,T168	C0054599
28105970	508	512	corn	T109,T168	C0010029
28105970	514	520	frying	T168	C1517288
28105970	526	535	sunflower	T109,T168	C0075639
28105970	546	593	attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectra	T062	C0206055
28105970	598	606	surveyed	T062	C0683942
28105970	612	620	sampling	T078	C0870078
28105970	637	641	oils	T168	C1517288
28105970	656	671	heating process	T067	C1254366
28105970	688	704	ATR-FTIR spectra	T062	C0206055
28105970	712	719	samples	T167	C0370003
28105970	725	734	collected	T169	C1516698
28105970	766	811	Interval extended canonical variates analysis	T081	C0026777
28105970	813	817	ECVA	T081	C0026777
28105970	825	843	variable selection	T080	C0205556
28105970	848	862	classification	T185	C0008902
28105970	900	909	intervals	T079	C1272706
28105970	921	938	heating procedure	T067	C1254366
28105970	943	957	classification	T185	C0008902
28105970	959	987	Principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
28105970	988	1009	discriminate analysis	T081	C0392762
28105970	1011	1054	partial least-squares discriminate analysis	T081	C0392762
28105970	1060	1064	ECVA	T081	C0026777
28105970	1096	1105	intervals	T079	C1272706
28105970	1117	1135	total heating time	T079	C0040223
28105970	1151	1162	autoscaling	T033	C0243095
28105970	1167	1181	mean-centering	T033	C0243095
28105970	1186	1212	data preprocessing methods	T170	C0025663
28105970	1223	1235	investigated	T169	C1292732
28105970	1241	1252	ECVA method	T081	C0026777
28105970	1291	1305	classification	T185	C0008902
28105970	1318	1347	cross-validated nonerror rate	T081	C0392762
28105970	1380	1395	heating process	T067	C1254366
28105970	1396	1401	times	T079	C0040223

28106001|t|Impact of femoral artery puncture using digital subtraction angiography and road mapping on vascular and bleeding complications after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation
28106001|a|The use of large - diameter sheaths carries the risk of significant vascular and bleeding complications after transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). In this analysis, we sought to assess the impact of a modified femoral artery puncture technique using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and road mapping during transfemoral TAVI on periprocedural vascular and bleeding events. This is a retrospective analysis of transfemoral TAVI patients included in a prospective institutional database. The modified femoral artery puncture technique using DSA -derived road mapping guidance was introduced in October 2012. Before the introduction of this technique, vascular puncture was acquired based on an integration of angiographic data, the bony iliofemoral landmarks and a radiopaque object. Consecutive patients who underwent TAVI with the road mapping technique (RM group, n=160) were compared with consecutive patients who underwent TAVI without road mapping (control group, n=160) prior to its introduction. A standardised strategy of periprocedural anticoagulation was adopted in both groups as well as the use of a single suture-based closure device. All endpoints were defined according to the VARC-2 criteria for event definition. The mean age in the RM group was 80±7.7 years compared to 81±5.9 years in the control group (p=0.19), and females were equally distributed between both groups (63.1% vs. 58.1%, p=0.36). The baseline logistic EuroSCORE was 20.7±14.4% vs. 24.9±15.2% in the RM and control group, respectively (p=0.01). Notably, sheath size was significantly larger in the RM compared to the control group due to the more frequent use of the 20 Fr sheath (23.8% vs. 1.8%, p<0.001, respectively) associated with the more frequent implantation of the 29 mm Edwards SAPIEN XT valve in the RM group (43.8% vs. 7%, respectively, p<0.001). Despite the latter finding, both major vascular complications and major bleeding at 30 days were significantly lower in the RM group compared to the control group (4.3% vs. 11.8%, p=0.01, and 14.4% vs. 25.6%, p=0.01). An analysis limited to access site-related complications also revealed lower events in the road map group but did not reach statistical significance (8.1% vs. 13.8%, p=0.1). Other forms of vascular and bleeding complications as well as all-cause mortality were comparable in both groups. A modified femoral artery puncture technique using DSA and road mapping was associated with a reduction in major vascular and bleeding complications after transfemoral TAVI, and provides a simple and effective strategy for potentially improving patient outcomes.
28106001	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
28106001	10	24	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
28106001	25	33	puncture	T058	C0034117
28106001	40	71	digital subtraction angiography	T060	C0002979
28106001	76	88	road mapping	T052	C1283195
28106001	92	100	vascular	T047	C1393529
28106001	105	113	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28106001	114	127	complications	T046	C0009566
28106001	147	186	transcatheter aortic valve implantation	T061	C3509486
28106001	198	203	large	T081	C0549177
28106001	206	214	diameter	T081	C1301886
28106001	235	239	risk	T078	C0035647
28106001	255	263	vascular	T047	C1393529
28106001	268	276	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28106001	277	290	complications	T046	C0009566
28106001	310	349	transcatheter aortic valve implantation	T061	C3509486
28106001	351	355	TAVI	T061	C3509486
28106001	366	374	analysis	T062	C0936012
28106001	389	395	assess	T058	C0184514
28106001	400	406	impact	T080	C4049986
28106001	421	435	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
28106001	436	444	puncture	T058	C0034117
28106001	445	454	technique	T169	C0449851
28106001	461	492	digital subtraction angiography	T060	C0002979
28106001	494	497	DSA	T060	C0002979
28106001	503	515	road mapping	T052	C1283195
28106001	536	540	TAVI	T061	C3509486
28106001	544	558	periprocedural	T046	C1141861
28106001	559	567	vascular	T023	C0005847
28106001	572	580	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28106001	613	621	analysis	T062	C0936012
28106001	638	642	TAVI	T061	C3509486
28106001	643	651	patients	T101	C0030705
28106001	666	700	prospective institutional database	T170	C0242356
28106001	715	729	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
28106001	730	738	puncture	T058	C0034117
28106001	739	748	technique	T169	C0449851
28106001	755	758	DSA	T060	C0002979
28106001	768	780	road mapping	T052	C1283195
28106001	854	863	technique	T169	C0449851
28106001	865	873	vascular	T023	C0005847
28106001	874	882	puncture	T058	C0034117
28106001	923	935	angiographic	T060	C0002978
28106001	936	940	data	T078	C1511726
28106001	946	950	bony	T169	C0443157
28106001	951	962	iliofemoral	T023	C1279169
28106001	963	972	landmarks	T029	C0504075
28106001	979	996	radiopaque object	T074	C0181739
28106001	1010	1018	patients	T101	C0030705
28106001	1033	1037	TAVI	T061	C3509486
28106001	1047	1059	road mapping	T052	C1283195
28106001	1060	1069	technique	T169	C0449851
28106001	1071	1079	RM group	T078	C0441833
28106001	1119	1127	patients	T101	C0030705
28106001	1142	1146	TAVI	T061	C3509486
28106001	1155	1167	road mapping	T052	C1283195
28106001	1169	1182	control group	T096	C0009932
28106001	1245	1275	periprocedural anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
28106001	1296	1302	groups	T078	C0441833
28106001	1327	1361	single suture-based closure device	T074	C0025080
28106001	1367	1376	endpoints	T080	C2349179
28106001	1407	1422	VARC-2 criteria	T170	C0282574
28106001	1465	1473	RM group	T078	C0441833
28106001	1485	1490	years	T079	C0439234
28106001	1510	1515	years	T079	C0439234
28106001	1523	1536	control group	T096	C0009932
28106001	1551	1558	females	T032	C0086287
28106001	1597	1603	groups	T078	C0441833
28106001	1635	1662	baseline logistic EuroSCORE	T170	C3164744
28106001	1700	1702	RM	T078	C0441833
28106001	1707	1720	control group	T096	C0009932
28106001	1754	1765	sheath size	T082	C0456389
28106001	1798	1800	RM	T078	C0441833
28106001	1817	1830	control group	T096	C0009932
28106001	1920	1935	associated with	T080	C0332281
28106001	1954	1966	implantation	T061	C0021107
28106001	2011	2019	RM group	T078	C0441833
28106001	2098	2120	vascular complications	T047	C1393529
28106001	2131	2139	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28106001	2146	2150	days	T079	C0439228
28106001	2170	2175	lower	T080	C0205251
28106001	2183	2191	RM group	T078	C0441833
28106001	2208	2221	control group	T096	C0009932
28106001	2280	2288	analysis	T062	C0936012
28106001	2320	2333	complications	T046	C0009566
28106001	2368	2382	road map group	T078	C0441833
28106001	2401	2425	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
28106001	2466	2474	vascular	T047	C1393529
28106001	2479	2487	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28106001	2488	2501	complications	T046	C0009566
28106001	2513	2532	all-cause mortality	T081	C0178686
28106001	2557	2563	groups	T078	C0441833
28106001	2576	2590	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
28106001	2591	2599	puncture	T058	C0034117
28106001	2600	2609	technique	T169	C0449851
28106001	2616	2619	DSA	T060	C0002979
28106001	2624	2636	road mapping	T052	C1283195
28106001	2641	2656	associated with	T080	C0332281
28106001	2678	2686	vascular	T047	C1393529
28106001	2691	2699	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28106001	2700	2713	complications	T046	C0009566
28106001	2733	2737	TAVI	T061	C3509486
28106001	2754	2760	simple	T080	C0205352
28106001	2765	2774	effective	T080	C1704419
28106001	2810	2826	patient outcomes	T170	C2987124

28106239|t|Intravitreal chemotherapy in the management of vitreous disease in retinoblastoma
28106239|a|To evaluate the therapeutic outcome of intravitreal melphalan injection in the management of vitreous disease in patients with retinoblastoma. We particularly aimed to assess whether higher melphalan dose with lower number of injections was more effective and associated with fewer side effects. This retrospective, interventional, noncomparative, and nonrandomized study included 39 eyes of 37 patients. Vitreous seeds were classified as dust, sphere, and cloud types. Intravitreal injections were performed through pars plana free of any visible tumor using 30-G needle. Response of the seeds (disappearance, conversion into inactive debris, or progression) and enucleation rate were determined as outcome measures. All patients previously received systemic or intra-arterial chemotherapy. Vitreous seeding was primary in 54% of eyes and secondary in 46% of eyes. Vitreous seeds were classified as dust in 9 (23.1%) eyes, sphere in 24 (61.5%) eyes, and cloud in 6 (15.4%) eyes. Melphalan dose varied between 20 and 40 µg and 20 (51.3%) eyes received >30 µg. The total number of injections was 70 (range 1-5, mean 1.8 per eye). Various types of regression were obtained in 27 (69.2%) eyes. Sphere-type seeds were the most responsive to melphalan. Nonresponse and disease progression were noted in 12 (30.8%) eyes. After a mean follow-up of 11.8 months, 17 (44%) eyes were enucleated. Vitreous hemorrhage (18%) and retinal pigment epithelial alterations (8%) were the most common side effects. Intravitreal melphalan at 30-40 µg in 1 or 2 injections proved effective in 69.2% of eyes with vitreous disease.
28106239	0	12	Intravitreal	T169	C1517572
28106239	13	25	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28106239	33	43	management	T058	C0376636
28106239	47	63	vitreous disease	T047	C0155365
28106239	67	81	retinoblastoma	T191	C0035335
28106239	98	117	therapeutic outcome	T080	C0085415
28106239	121	133	intravitreal	T169	C1517572
28106239	134	143	melphalan	T116,T121	C0025241
28106239	144	153	injection	T122	C1272883
28106239	161	171	management	T058	C0376636
28106239	175	191	vitreous disease	T047	C0155365
28106239	195	203	patients	T101	C0030705
28106239	209	223	retinoblastoma	T191	C0035335
28106239	265	271	higher	T080	C0205250
28106239	272	281	melphalan	T116,T121	C0025241
28106239	282	286	dose	T081	C0178602
28106239	292	297	lower	T080	C0205251
28106239	298	304	number	T081	C0237753
28106239	308	318	injections	T122	C1272883
28106239	328	337	effective	T080	C1704419
28106239	342	357	associated with	T080	C0332281
28106239	358	363	fewer	T081	C0205388
28106239	364	376	side effects	T046	C0879626
28106239	383	396	retrospective	T062	C0035363
28106239	398	412	interventional	T062	C3274035
28106239	414	428	noncomparative	T062	C2603343
28106239	434	453	nonrandomized study	T062	C2603343
28106239	466	470	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	477	485	patients	T101	C0030705
28106239	487	501	Vitreous seeds	T033	C1719830
28106239	507	517	classified	T185	C0008902
28106239	521	525	dust	T191	C0027651
28106239	527	533	sphere	T191	C0027651
28106239	539	550	cloud types	T191	C0027651
28106239	552	564	Intravitreal	T169	C1517572
28106239	565	575	injections	T122	C1272883
28106239	581	590	performed	T169	C0884358
28106239	591	598	through	T169	C0332273
28106239	599	609	pars plana	T023	C0229167
28106239	622	629	visible	T080	C0205379
28106239	630	635	tumor	T191	C0027651
28106239	636	641	using	T169	C1524063
28106239	642	653	30-G needle	T074	C0027551
28106239	655	676	Response of the seeds	T040	C1817727
28106239	678	691	disappearance	T033	C0243095
28106239	693	703	conversion	T169	C0439836
28106239	709	724	inactive debris	T033	C1720491
28106239	729	740	progression	T191	C0178874
28106239	746	757	enucleation	T061	C0014392
28106239	758	762	rate	T081	C1521828
28106239	782	789	outcome	T080	C0085415
28106239	790	798	measures	T081	C0079809
28106239	804	812	patients	T101	C0030705
28106239	824	832	received	T080	C1514756
28106239	833	841	systemic	T061	C1883256
28106239	845	872	intra-arterial chemotherapy	T061	C0842399
28106239	874	890	Vitreous seeding	T033	C1719830
28106239	895	902	primary	T080	C0205225
28106239	913	917	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	922	931	secondary	T080	C0175668
28106239	942	946	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	948	962	Vitreous seeds	T033	C1719830
28106239	968	978	classified	T185	C0008902
28106239	982	986	dust	T191	C0027651
28106239	1000	1004	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	1006	1012	sphere	T191	C0027651
28106239	1027	1031	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	1037	1042	cloud	T191	C0027651
28106239	1056	1060	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	1062	1071	Melphalan	T116,T121	C0025241
28106239	1072	1076	dose	T081	C0178602
28106239	1120	1124	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	1125	1133	received	T080	C1514756
28106239	1146	1158	total number	T081	C4288115
28106239	1162	1172	injections	T122	C1272883
28106239	1192	1196	mean	T081	C0444504
28106239	1205	1208	eye	T023	C0015392
28106239	1211	1218	Various	T081	C0439064
28106239	1219	1224	types	T080	C0332307
28106239	1228	1238	regression	T046	C0684320
28106239	1244	1252	obtained	T169	C1301820
28106239	1267	1271	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	1273	1290	Sphere-type seeds	T191	C0027651
28106239	1300	1304	most	T081	C0205393
28106239	1305	1315	responsive	T169	C0205342
28106239	1319	1328	melphalan	T116,T121	C0025241
28106239	1330	1341	Nonresponse	T033	C3844724
28106239	1346	1365	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28106239	1371	1376	noted	T080	C4288581
28106239	1391	1395	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	1405	1409	mean	T081	C0444504
28106239	1410	1419	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28106239	1428	1434	months	T079	C0439231
28106239	1445	1449	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	1455	1465	enucleated	T037	C1396718
28106239	1467	1486	Vitreous hemorrhage	T046	C0042909
28106239	1497	1523	retinal pigment epithelial	T023	C0035322
28106239	1524	1535	alterations	T078	C1515926
28106239	1550	1554	most	T081	C0205393
28106239	1555	1561	common	T081	C0205214
28106239	1562	1574	side effects	T046	C0879626
28106239	1576	1588	Intravitreal	T169	C1517572
28106239	1589	1598	melphalan	T116,T121	C0025241
28106239	1621	1631	injections	T122	C1272883
28106239	1639	1648	effective	T080	C1704419
28106239	1661	1665	eyes	T023	C0015392
28106239	1671	1687	vitreous disease	T047	C0155365

28106838|t|Molecular Characterization of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels and Their Relations with Paralytic Shellfish Toxin Bioaccumulation in the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas
28106838|a|Paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) bind to voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) and block conduction of action potential in excitable cells. This study aimed to (i) characterize Nav sequences in Crassostrea gigas and (ii) investigate a putative relation between Nav and PST - bioaccumulation in oysters. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted two types of Nav in C. gigas: a Nav1 (CgNav1) and a Nav2 (CgNav2) with sequence properties of sodium-selective and sodium / calcium-selective channels, respectively. Three alternative splice transcripts of CgNav1 named A, B and C, were characterized. The expression of CgNav1, analyzed by in situ hybridization, is specific to nervous cells and to structures corresponding to neuromuscular junctions. Real-time PCR analyses showed a strong expression of CgNav1A in the striated muscle while CgNav1B is mainly expressed in visceral ganglia. CgNav1C expression is ubiquitous. The PST binding site (domain II) of CgNav1 variants possess an amino acid Q that could potentially confer a partial saxitoxin (STX)-resistance to the channel. The CgNav1 genotype or alternative splicing would not be the key point determining PST bioaccumulation level in oysters.
28106838	0	9	Molecular	T080	C1521991
28106838	10	26	Characterization	T052	C1880022
28106838	30	59	Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels	T116,T123	C3494197
28106838	85	110	Paralytic Shellfish Toxin	T116,T123,T131	C0301278
28106838	111	126	Bioaccumulation	T042	C0311432
28106838	134	141	Pacific	T083	C0017446
28106838	142	148	Oyster	T204	C0030104
28106838	149	166	Crassostrea gigas	T204	C1002498
28106838	167	193	Paralytic shellfish toxins	T116,T123,T131	C0301278
28106838	195	198	PST	T116,T123,T131	C0301278
28106838	208	237	voltage-gated sodium channels	T116,T123	C3494197
28106838	239	242	Nav	T116,T123	C3494197
28106838	268	284	action potential	T043	C0001272
28106838	288	303	excitable cells	T025	C0007634
28106838	310	315	study	T062	C2603343
28106838	342	345	Nav	T116,T123	C3494197
28106838	346	355	sequences	T087	C0002518
28106838	359	376	Crassostrea gigas	T204	C1002498
28106838	426	429	Nav	T116,T123	C3494197
28106838	434	437	PST	T116,T123,T131	C0301278
28106838	440	455	bioaccumulation	T042	C0311432
28106838	459	466	oysters	T204	C0030104
28106838	472	493	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
28106838	519	522	Nav	T116,T123	C3494197
28106838	526	534	C. gigas	T204	C1002498
28106838	538	542	Nav1	T116,T123	C3494197
28106838	544	550	CgNav1	T028	C1334284
28106838	558	562	Nav2	T116,T123	C3494197
28106838	564	570	CgNav2	T028	C1334284
28106838	577	585	sequence	T087	C0002518
28106838	600	616	sodium-selective	T116,T123	C0037492
28106838	621	627	sodium	T116,T123	C0037492
28106838	630	656	calcium-selective channels	T116,T123	C0006685
28106838	678	708	alternative splice transcripts	T086,T123	C1720837
28106838	712	718	CgNav1	T028	C1334284
28106838	725	726	A	T086,T123	C1720837
28106838	728	729	B	T086,T123	C1720837
28106838	734	735	C	T086,T123	C1720837
28106838	761	771	expression	T045	C0017262
28106838	775	781	CgNav1	T028	C1334284
28106838	795	816	in situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
28106838	833	846	nervous cells	T025	C0027882
28106838	882	905	neuromuscular junctions	T026	C0027869
28106838	907	920	Real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
28106838	946	956	expression	T045	C0017262
28106838	960	967	CgNav1A	T028	C1334284
28106838	975	990	striated muscle	T024	C1331262
28106838	997	1004	CgNav1B	T028	C1334284
28106838	1015	1024	expressed	T045	C0017262
28106838	1028	1044	visceral ganglia	T023	C0017067
28106838	1046	1053	CgNav1C	T028	C1334284
28106838	1054	1064	expression	T045	C0017262
28106838	1084	1087	PST	T116,T123,T131	C0301278
28106838	1088	1100	binding site	T192	C0005456
28106838	1102	1111	domain II	T192	C0005456
28106838	1116	1122	CgNav1	T028	C1334284
28106838	1143	1153	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28106838	1154	1155	Q	T116,T121,T123	C0017797
28106838	1196	1205	saxitoxin	T109,T123,T131	C0036248
28106838	1207	1210	STX	T109,T123,T131	C0036248
28106838	1230	1237	channel	T082	C0439799
28106838	1243	1249	CgNav1	T028	C1334284
28106838	1250	1258	genotype	T032	C0017431
28106838	1262	1282	alternative splicing	T045	C0002345
28106838	1322	1325	PST	T116,T123,T131	C0301278
28106838	1326	1341	bioaccumulation	T042	C0311432
28106838	1351	1358	oysters	T204	C0030104

28107427|t|Serine Phosphorylation of SLP76 Is Dispensable for T Cell Development but Modulates Helper T Cell Function
28107427|a|The adapter protein SLP76 is a key orchestrator of T cell receptor (TCR) signal transduction. We previously identified a negative feedback loop that modulates T cell activation, involving phosphorylation of Ser376 of SLP76 by the hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1). However, the physiological relevance of this regulatory mechanism was still unknown. To address this question, we generated a SLP76-S376A - expressing knock-in mouse strain and investigated the effects of Ser376 mutation on T cell development and function. We report here that SLP76-S376A - expressing mice exhibit normal thymocyte development and no detectable phenotypic alterations in mature T cell subsets or other lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages. Biochemical analyses revealed that mutant T cells were hypersensitive to TCR stimulation. Indeed, phosphorylation of several signaling proteins, including SLP76 itself, phospholipase Cγ1 and the protein kinases AKT and ERK1 / 2, was increased. These modifications correlated with increased Th1-type and decreased Th2-type cytokine production by SLP76-S376A T cells, but did not result in significant changes of proliferative capacity nor activation - induced cell death susceptibility. Hence, our results reveal that SLP76-Ser376 phosphorylation does not mediate all HPK1 -dependent regulatory effects in T cells but it fine-tunes helper T cell responses.
28107427	0	6	Serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28107427	7	22	Phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28107427	26	31	SLP76	T116,T123	C0296250
28107427	51	69	T Cell Development	T043	C1515126
28107427	74	83	Modulates	UnknownType	C0544633
28107427	84	97	Helper T Cell	T025	C0018894
28107427	98	106	Function	T043	C0007613
28107427	111	126	adapter protein	T116,T123	C1449886
28107427	127	132	SLP76	T116,T123	C0296250
28107427	158	173	T cell receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
28107427	175	178	TCR	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
28107427	180	199	signal transduction	T043	C0037083
28107427	228	250	negative feedback loop	T067	C0949702
28107427	256	265	modulates	UnknownType	C0544633
28107427	266	283	T cell activation	T043	C1155065
28107427	295	310	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28107427	314	320	Ser376	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28107427	324	329	SLP76	T116,T123	C0296250
28107427	337	370	hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1	T116,T121,T126	C0531166
28107427	372	376	HPK1	T116,T121,T126	C0531166
28107427	392	405	physiological	T169	C0205463
28107427	406	415	relevance	T080	C2347946
28107427	424	434	regulatory	T077	C1704735
28107427	435	444	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28107427	505	516	SLP76-S376A	T028	C1334333
28107427	519	529	expressing	T045	C0017262
28107427	530	538	knock-in	T062	C1517676
28107427	539	551	mouse strain	T015	C0026809
28107427	556	568	investigated	T169	C1292732
28107427	584	599	Ser376 mutation	T045	C0596611
28107427	603	621	T cell development	T043	C1515126
28107427	626	634	function	T043	C0007613
28107427	656	667	SLP76-S376A	T028	C1334333
28107427	670	680	expressing	T045	C0017262
28107427	681	685	mice	T015	C0026809
28107427	694	700	normal	T080	C0205307
28107427	701	722	thymocyte development	T043	C1515432
28107427	730	740	detectable	T201	C3830527
28107427	741	751	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28107427	752	763	alterations	T078	C1515926
28107427	767	773	mature	T079	C0205286
28107427	774	788	T cell subsets	T025	C0080202
28107427	798	806	lymphoid	T025	C0024264
28107427	811	818	myeloid	T025	C0369715
28107427	819	832	cell lineages	T078	C0282637
28107427	834	854	Biochemical analyses	T059	C0430027
28107427	869	875	mutant	T049	C0596988
28107427	876	883	T cells	T025	C0039194
28107427	889	903	hypersensitive	T046	C0020517
28107427	907	910	TCR	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
28107427	911	922	stimulation	T044	C2259054
28107427	932	947	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28107427	959	977	signaling proteins	T116,T123	C1335962
28107427	989	994	SLP76	T116,T123	C0296250
28107427	1003	1020	phospholipase Cγ1	T116,T126	C0753837
28107427	1029	1048	protein kinases AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
28107427	1053	1057	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
28107427	1060	1061	2	T116,T126	C0170168
28107427	1067	1076	increased	T081	C0205217
28107427	1084	1097	modifications	T033	C3840684
28107427	1098	1108	correlated	T080	C1707520
28107427	1114	1123	increased	T081	C0205217
28107427	1124	1132	Th1-type	T025	C0242632
28107427	1137	1146	decreased	T081	C0205216
28107427	1147	1155	Th2-type	T025	C0242633
28107427	1156	1175	cytokine production	T040	C1327413
28107427	1179	1190	SLP76-S376A	T028	C1334333
28107427	1191	1198	T cells	T025	C0039194
28107427	1245	1267	proliferative capacity	T043	C1155046
28107427	1259	1267	capacity	T033	C1998319
28107427	1272	1282	activation	T043	C2248112
28107427	1285	1292	induced	T169	C0205263
28107427	1293	1303	cell death	T043	C0007587
28107427	1304	1318	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28107427	1331	1338	results	T033	C0683954
28107427	1339	1345	reveal	T080	C0443289
28107427	1351	1363	SLP76-Ser376	T116,T123	C0296250
28107427	1364	1379	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28107427	1401	1405	HPK1	T116,T121,T126	C0531166
28107427	1417	1427	regulatory	T077	C1704735
28107427	1439	1446	T cells	T025	C0039194
28107427	1465	1478	helper T cell	T025	C0018894
28107427	1479	1488	responses	T032	C0871261

28107521|t|Differential Roles of AXIN1 and AXIN2 in Tankyrase Inhibitor-Induced Formation of Degradasomes and β-Catenin Degradation
28107521|a|Inhibition of the tankyrase enzymes (TNKS1 and TNKS2) has recently been shown to induce highly dynamic assemblies of β-catenin destruction complex components known as degradasomes, which promote degradation of β-catenin and reduced Wnt signaling activity in colorectal cancer cells. AXIN1 and AXIN2 / Conductin, the rate-limiting factors for the stability and function of endogenous destruction complexes, are stabilized upon TNKS inhibition due to abrogated degradation of AXIN by the proteasome. Since the role of AXIN1 versus AXIN2 as scaffolding proteins in the Wnt signaling pathway still remains incompletely understood, we sought to elucidate their relative contribution in the formation of degradasomes, as these protein assemblies most likely represent the morphological and functional correlates of endogenous β-catenin destruction complexes. In SW480 colorectal cancer cells treated with the tankyrase inhibitor (TNKSi) G007-LK we found that AXIN1 was not required for degradasome formation. In contrast, the formation of degradasomes as well as their capacity to degrade β-catenin were considerably impaired in G007-LK-treated cells depleted of AXIN2. These findings give novel insights into differential functional roles of AXIN1 versus AXIN2 in the β-catenin destruction complex.
28107521	0	12	Differential	T080	C1705242
28107521	13	18	Roles	T078	C1552020
28107521	22	27	AXIN1	T116,T123	C1438871
28107521	32	37	AXIN2	T116,T123	C1454580
28107521	41	50	Tankyrase	T116,T126	C0963182
28107521	51	68	Inhibitor-Induced	T121	C0014432
28107521	69	78	Formation	T169	C1522492
28107521	82	94	Degradasomes	T116,T123	C1180347
28107521	99	108	β-Catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
28107521	109	120	Degradation	T169	C0243125
28107521	121	131	Inhibition	T039	C1524081
28107521	139	156	tankyrase enzymes	T116,T126	C0963182
28107521	158	163	TNKS1	T116,T126	C1504783
28107521	168	173	TNKS2	T116,T126	C1448153
28107521	209	215	highly	T080	C0205250
28107521	216	223	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28107521	224	234	assemblies	T044	C0872376
28107521	238	247	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
28107521	248	267	destruction complex	T104	C1704241
28107521	268	278	components	T116,T123	C1179435
28107521	288	300	degradasomes	T116,T123	C1180347
28107521	308	315	promote	T052	C0033414
28107521	316	327	degradation	T169	C0243125
28107521	331	340	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
28107521	345	352	reduced	T080	C0392756
28107521	353	366	Wnt signaling	T044	C1520113
28107521	367	375	activity	T169	C0205177
28107521	379	396	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28107521	397	402	cells	T025	C0007634
28107521	404	409	AXIN1	T116,T123	C1438871
28107521	414	419	AXIN2	T116,T123	C1454580
28107521	422	431	Conductin	T116,T123	C1454580
28107521	437	450	rate-limiting	T169	C0489879
28107521	451	458	factors	T169	C1521761
28107521	467	476	stability	T080	C0205360
28107521	481	489	function	T169	C0542341
28107521	493	503	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28107521	504	525	destruction complexes	T104	C1704241
28107521	531	541	stabilized	T033	C0184512
28107521	547	551	TNKS	T116,T126	C0963182
28107521	552	562	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28107521	580	591	degradation	T169	C0243125
28107521	595	599	AXIN	T116,T123	C3178961
28107521	607	617	proteasome	T116,T123	C1180347
28107521	629	633	role	T078	C1552020
28107521	637	642	AXIN1	T116,T123	C1438871
28107521	650	655	AXIN2	T116,T123	C1454580
28107521	659	679	scaffolding proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28107521	687	708	Wnt signaling pathway	T044	C1520113
28107521	715	722	remains	T080	C1527428
28107521	723	735	incompletely	T080	C0205257
28107521	736	746	understood	T041	C0162340
28107521	777	785	relative	T080	C0205345
28107521	786	798	contribution	T052	C1880177
28107521	806	815	formation	T169	C1522492
28107521	819	831	degradasomes	T116,T123	C1180347
28107521	842	849	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28107521	850	860	assemblies	T044	C0872376
28107521	887	900	morphological	T082	C0543482
28107521	905	915	functional	T169	C0205245
28107521	916	926	correlates	T080	C1707520
28107521	930	940	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28107521	941	950	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
28107521	951	972	destruction complexes	T104	C1704241
28107521	977	982	SW480	T025	C0007634
28107521	983	1000	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28107521	1001	1006	cells	T025	C0007634
28107521	1007	1014	treated	T169	C1522326
28107521	1024	1043	tankyrase inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28107521	1045	1050	TNKSi	T121	C0014432
28107521	1052	1059	G007-LK	T109,T121	C3658785
28107521	1063	1068	found	T033	C0150312
28107521	1074	1079	AXIN1	T116,T123	C1438871
28107521	1101	1112	degradasome	T116,T123	C1180347
28107521	1113	1122	formation	T169	C1522492
28107521	1141	1150	formation	T169	C1522492
28107521	1154	1166	degradasomes	T116,T123	C1180347
28107521	1184	1192	capacity	T081	C1516240
28107521	1196	1203	degrade	T169	C0243125
28107521	1204	1213	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
28107521	1219	1231	considerably	T078	C0750591
28107521	1232	1240	impaired	T169	C0221099
28107521	1244	1259	G007-LK-treated	T109,T121	C3658785
28107521	1260	1265	cells	T025	C0007634
28107521	1278	1283	AXIN2	T116,T123	C1454580
28107521	1291	1299	findings	T033	C0243095
28107521	1305	1310	novel	T080	C0205314
28107521	1311	1319	insights	T041	C0233820
28107521	1325	1337	differential	T080	C1705242
28107521	1338	1354	functional roles	T077	C1705810
28107521	1358	1363	AXIN1	T116,T123	C1438871
28107521	1371	1376	AXIN2	T116,T123	C1454580
28107521	1384	1393	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
28107521	1394	1413	destruction complex	T104	C1704241

28107548|t|MRI -based prostate cancer detection with high-level representation and hierarchical classification
28107548|a|Extracting the high-level feature representation by using deep neural networks for detection of prostate cancer, and then based on high-level feature representation constructing hierarchical classification to refine the detection results. High-level feature representation is first learned by a deep learning network, where multiparametric MR images are used as the input data. Then, based on the learned high-level features, a hierarchical classification method is developed, where multiple random forest classifiers are iteratively constructed to refine the detection results of prostate cancer. The experiments were carried on 21 real patient subjects, and the proposed method achieves an averaged section-based evaluation (SBE) of 89.90%, an averaged sensitivity of 91.51%, and an averaged specificity of 88.47%. The high-level features learned from our proposed method can achieve better performance than the conventional handcrafted features (e.g., LBP and Haar-like features) in detecting prostate cancer regions, also the context features obtained from the proposed hierarchical classification approach are effective in refining cancer detection result.
28107548	0	3	MRI	T060	C0024485
28107548	11	26	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28107548	27	36	detection	T033	C0011900
28107548	42	67	high-level representation	UnknownType	C0683878
28107548	72	84	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
28107548	85	99	classification	T185	C0008902
28107548	115	148	high-level feature representation	UnknownType	C0683878
28107548	158	178	deep neural networks	T170	C0870951
28107548	183	192	detection	T033	C0011900
28107548	196	211	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28107548	231	264	high-level feature representation	UnknownType	C0683878
28107548	278	290	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
28107548	291	305	classification	T185	C0008902
28107548	320	329	detection	T033	C0011900
28107548	330	337	results	T169	C1274040
28107548	339	372	High-level feature representation	UnknownType	C0683878
28107548	395	416	deep learning network	T170	C0870951
28107548	424	442	multiparametric MR	T060	C4304904
28107548	443	449	images	T170	C1704922
28107548	472	476	data	T078	C1511726
28107548	505	524	high-level features	T080	C2346469
28107548	528	540	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
28107548	541	555	classification	T185	C0008902
28107548	556	562	method	T170	C0025663
28107548	583	617	multiple random forest classifiers	T170	C0282574
28107548	622	645	iteratively constructed	T052	C1707689
28107548	660	669	detection	T033	C0011900
28107548	670	677	results	T169	C1274040
28107548	681	696	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28107548	702	713	experiments	T062	C0681814
28107548	738	745	patient	T101	C0030705
28107548	773	779	method	T170	C0025663
28107548	801	825	section-based evaluation	T058	C0220825
28107548	827	830	SBE	T058	C0220825
28107548	855	866	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28107548	894	905	specificity	T081	C0037791
28107548	921	940	high-level features	T080	C2346469
28107548	967	973	method	T170	C0025663
28107548	993	1004	performance	T052	C1882330
28107548	1014	1026	conventional	T081	C0205214
28107548	1027	1047	handcrafted features	T080	C2346469
28107548	1055	1058	LBP	T080	C2346469
28107548	1063	1081	Haar-like features	T080	C2346469
28107548	1086	1095	detecting	T033	C0011900
28107548	1096	1111	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28107548	1112	1119	regions	T029	C0005898
28107548	1130	1137	context	T078	C0449255
28107548	1138	1146	features	T080	C2348519
28107548	1174	1186	hierarchical	T169	C0699032
28107548	1187	1201	classification	T185	C0008902
28107548	1215	1224	effective	T080	C1704419
28107548	1237	1243	cancer	T191	C0006826
28107548	1244	1253	detection	T033	C0011900
28107548	1254	1260	result	T169	C1274040

28107706|t|Beneficial effect of Cu on Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr sputtered uniform/adhesive gum films accelerating bacterial inactivation under indoor visible light
28107706|a|This article presents the evidence for the significant effect of copper accelerating the bacterial inactivation on Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr (TNTZ) sputtered films on glass up to a Cu content of 8.3 at.%. These films were deposited by dc magnetron co-sputtering of an alloy target Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr (at.%) and a Cu target. The fastest bacterial inactivation of E. coli on this later TNTZ - Cu surface proceeded within ∼75 min. The films deposited by magnetron sputtering are chemically homogenous. The film roughness evaluated by atomic force spectroscopy (AFM) on the TNTZ - Cu 8.3 at.% Cu sample presented an RMS - value of 20.1nm being the highest RMS of any Cu -sputtered TNTZ sample. The implication of the RMS value found for this sample leading to the fastest interfacial bacterial inactivation kinetics is also discussed. Values for the Young's modulus and hardness are reported for the TNTZ films in the presence of various Cu - contents. Evaluation of the bacterial inactivation kinetics of E. coli under low intensity actinic hospital light and in the dark was carried out. The stable repetitive bacterial inactivation was consistent with the extremely low Cu-ion release from the samples of 0.4 ppb. Evidence is presented by the bacterial inactivation dependence on the applied light intensity for the intervention of Cu as semiconductor CuO during the bacterial inactivation at the TNTZ - Cu interface. The mechanism of CuO - intervention under light is suggested based on the pH /and potential changes registered during bacterial disinfection.
28107706	0	10	Beneficial	T081	C0814225
28107706	11	17	effect	T080	C1280500
28107706	21	23	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	27	38	Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr	T122,T197	C0002154
28107706	39	75	sputtered uniform/adhesive gum films	T080	C1522408
28107706	76	88	accelerating	T169	C0521110
28107706	89	98	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28107706	99	111	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28107706	118	138	indoor visible light	T070	C0242377
28107706	144	151	article	T170	C1706852
28107706	165	173	evidence	T078	C3887511
28107706	182	193	significant	T078	C0750502
28107706	194	200	effect	T080	C1280500
28107706	204	210	copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	211	223	accelerating	T169	C0521110
28107706	228	237	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28107706	238	250	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28107706	254	265	Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr	T122,T197	C0002154
28107706	267	271	TNTZ	T122,T197	C0002154
28107706	273	288	sputtered films	T080	C1522408
28107706	292	297	glass	T073	C0017596
28107706	306	308	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	336	341	films	T080	C1522408
28107706	360	386	dc magnetron co-sputtering	T059	C0022885
28107706	393	398	alloy	T122,T197	C0002154
28107706	406	423	Ti-23Nb-0.7Ta-2Zr	T122,T197	C0002154
28107706	437	439	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	460	469	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28107706	470	482	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28107706	486	493	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28107706	508	512	TNTZ	T122,T197	C0002154
28107706	515	517	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	518	525	surface	T082	C0205148
28107706	547	550	min	T079	C0439232
28107706	556	561	films	T080	C1522408
28107706	575	595	magnetron sputtering	T059	C0022885
28107706	600	621	chemically homogenous	T080	C0205556
28107706	627	631	film	T080	C1522408
28107706	632	641	roughness	T081	C0392762
28107706	655	680	atomic force spectroscopy	T059	C0242849
28107706	682	685	AFM	T059	C0242849
28107706	694	698	TNTZ	T122,T197	C0002154
28107706	701	703	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	713	715	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	736	739	RMS	T081	C2347976
28107706	742	747	value	T081	C1522609
28107706	776	779	RMS	T081	C2347976
28107706	787	789	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	801	805	TNTZ	T122,T197	C0002154
28107706	837	840	RMS	T081	C2347976
28107706	841	846	value	T081	C1522609
28107706	904	913	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28107706	914	926	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28107706	927	935	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28107706	955	961	Values	T081	C1522609
28107706	970	985	Young's modulus	T081	C2350289
28107706	990	998	hardness	T080	C0018599
28107706	1020	1024	TNTZ	T122,T197	C0002154
28107706	1025	1030	films	T080	C1522408
28107706	1058	1060	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	1063	1071	contents	T077	C0456205
28107706	1073	1083	Evaluation	T169	C1292732
28107706	1091	1100	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28107706	1101	1113	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28107706	1114	1122	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28107706	1126	1133	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28107706	1140	1176	low intensity actinic hospital light	UnknownType	C0683108
28107706	1188	1192	dark	T070	C0010986
28107706	1232	1241	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28107706	1242	1254	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28107706	1293	1299	Cu-ion	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	1337	1345	Evidence	T078	C3887511
28107706	1366	1375	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28107706	1376	1388	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28107706	1415	1430	light intensity	T070	C0596836
28107706	1439	1451	intervention	T169	C1314939
28107706	1455	1457	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	1461	1474	semiconductor	T081	C0178841
28107706	1475	1478	CuO	T121,T197	C0056598
28107706	1490	1499	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28107706	1500	1512	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28107706	1520	1524	TNTZ	T122,T197	C0002154
28107706	1527	1529	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28107706	1530	1539	interface	T082	C1254362
28107706	1545	1554	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28107706	1558	1561	CuO	T121,T197	C0056598
28107706	1564	1576	intervention	T169	C1314939
28107706	1583	1588	light	T070	C0242377
28107706	1615	1617	pH	T081	C0020283
28107706	1623	1632	potential	T080	C3245505
28107706	1633	1640	changes	T169	C0392747
28107706	1659	1668	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28107706	1669	1681	disinfection	T061	C0012683

28108302|t|Biomarkers associated with clinical manifestations in Fabry disease patients with a late-onset cardiac variant mutation
28108302|a|Fabry disease is a lysosomal storage disorder with an incidence of 1:1600 for the late-onset IVS4+919G>A cardiac variant mutation in Taiwan. Signs and symptoms of this cardiac variant include left ventricular hypertrophy, mitral insufficiency and/or arrhythmias. The search for biomarkers that might predict the clinical outcomes and guide treatment options is important. We thus investigated relationships between Fabry disease biomarkers (such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3)/related analogues) and age, gender, enzyme activity, clinical manifestations and severity of the disease in these patients. Urine and plasma biomarkers were analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry. A large cohort of 191 adult and pediatric Fabry patients carrying the IVS4+919G>A mutation was studied. Some patients were members of the same family. Our results show that the plasma lyso-Gb3 level, and urinary analogue levels of lyso-Gb3 at m/z (+16), (+34), and (+50) adjusted for gender and age had a positive association with the left ventricular mass index, and/or the Mainz Severity Score Index. It might thus be of particular interest to monitor children with high levels of these biomarkers, as part of a longitudinal study in order to determine if the excretion profile at a young age is predictive of the outcomes of disease severity in adulthood.
28108302	0	10	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28108302	11	26	associated with	T080	C0332281
28108302	27	50	clinical manifestations	T033	C0243095
28108302	54	67	Fabry disease	T047	C0002986
28108302	68	76	patients	T101	C0030705
28108302	84	94	late-onset	T079	C4025592
28108302	95	102	cardiac	T082	C1522601
28108302	103	110	variant	T080	C0205419
28108302	111	119	mutation	T045	C0026882
28108302	120	133	Fabry disease	T047	C0002986
28108302	139	165	lysosomal storage disorder	T047	C0085078
28108302	174	183	incidence	T081	C0021149
28108302	202	212	late-onset	T079	C4025592
28108302	213	224	IVS4+919G>A	T028	C0678941
28108302	225	232	cardiac	T082	C1522601
28108302	233	240	variant	T080	C0205419
28108302	241	249	mutation	T045	C0026882
28108302	253	259	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
28108302	261	279	Signs and symptoms	T184	C0037088
28108302	288	295	cardiac	T082	C1522601
28108302	296	303	variant	T080	C0205419
28108302	304	311	include	T052	C2700399
28108302	312	340	left ventricular hypertrophy	T047	C0149721
28108302	342	362	mitral insufficiency	T046	C0026266
28108302	370	381	arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
28108302	398	408	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28108302	420	427	predict	T078	C0681842
28108302	432	440	clinical	T080	C0205210
28108302	441	449	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28108302	460	469	treatment	T061	C0087111
28108302	481	490	important	T080	C3898777
28108302	500	512	investigated	T169	C1292732
28108302	513	526	relationships	T080	C0439849
28108302	535	548	Fabry disease	T047	C0002986
28108302	549	559	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28108302	569	590	globotriaosylceramide	T109	C0061338
28108302	592	595	Gb3	T109	C0061338
28108302	598	622	globotriaosylsphingosine	T109	C0082711
28108302	624	632	lyso-Gb3	T109	C0082711
28108302	642	651	analogues	T104	C0243071
28108302	657	660	age	T032	C0001779
28108302	662	668	gender	T032	C0079399
28108302	670	685	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
28108302	687	710	clinical manifestations	T033	C0243095
28108302	715	723	severity	T080	C0439793
28108302	731	738	disease	T047	C0012634
28108302	748	756	patients	T101	C0030705
28108302	758	763	Urine	T031	C0042036
28108302	768	774	plasma	T031	C0032105
28108302	775	785	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28108302	791	799	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28108302	806	830	tandem mass spectrometry	T063	C0599748
28108302	834	839	large	T081	C0549177
28108302	840	846	cohort	T098	C0599755
28108302	854	859	adult	T100	C0001675
28108302	864	873	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28108302	874	879	Fabry	T047	C0002986
28108302	880	888	patients	T101	C0030705
28108302	889	897	carrying	T052	C0206243
28108302	902	913	IVS4+919G>A	T028	C0678941
28108302	914	922	mutation	T045	C0026882
28108302	927	934	studied	T062	C2603343
28108302	941	949	patients	T101	C0030705
28108302	955	962	members	T099	C0086282
28108302	975	981	family	T099	C0015576
28108302	1009	1015	plasma	T031	C0032105
28108302	1016	1024	lyso-Gb3	T109	C0082711
28108302	1025	1030	level	T080	C0441889
28108302	1036	1043	urinary	T080	C1524119
28108302	1044	1052	analogue	T104	C0243071
28108302	1053	1059	levels	T080	C0441889
28108302	1063	1071	lyso-Gb3	T109	C0082711
28108302	1103	1111	adjusted	T169	C0456081
28108302	1116	1122	gender	T032	C0079399
28108302	1127	1130	age	T032	C0001779
28108302	1137	1145	positive	T033	C1514241
28108302	1146	1157	association	T080	C0439849
28108302	1167	1194	left ventricular mass index	T033	C0243095
28108302	1207	1227	Mainz Severity Score	T081	C0457451
28108302	1228	1233	Index	T081	C1637833
28108302	1266	1274	interest	T041	C0543488
28108302	1278	1285	monitor	T058	C0150369
28108302	1286	1294	children	T100	C0008059
28108302	1300	1304	high	T080	C0205250
28108302	1305	1311	levels	T080	C0441889
28108302	1321	1331	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28108302	1346	1364	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
28108302	1394	1403	excretion	T039	C0221102
28108302	1404	1411	profile	T169	C2003903
28108302	1417	1426	young age	T033	C4061789
28108302	1430	1440	predictive	T080	C0681890
28108302	1448	1456	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28108302	1460	1467	disease	T047	C0012634
28108302	1468	1476	severity	T080	C0439793
28108302	1480	1489	adulthood	T079	C0700597

28108399|t|Fine structure of the anterior median eyes of the funnel - web spider Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae)
28108399|a|Only few electron microscopic studies exist on the structure of the main eyes (anterior median eyes, AME) of web spiders. The present paper provides details on the anatomy of the AME in the funnel-web spider Agelena labyrinthica. The retina consists of two separate regions with differently arranged photoreceptor cells. Its central part has sensory cells with rhabdomeres on 2, 3, or 4 sides, whereas those of the ventral retina have only two rhabdomeres on opposite sides. In addition, the rhabdomeres of the ventral retina are arranged in a specific way: Whereas in the most ventral part they form long tangential rows, those towards the center are detached and are arranged radially. All sensory cells are wrapped by unpigmented pigment cell processes. In agelenid spiders the axons of the sensory cells exit from the middle of the cell body; their fine structure and course through the eye cup is described in detail. In the central part of the retina efferent nerve fibres were found forming synapses along the distal region of the receptor cells. A muscle is attached laterally to each eye cup that allows mainly rotational movements of the eyes. The optical performance (image resolution) of these main eyes with relatively few visual cells is discussed.
28108399	0	14	Fine structure	T082	C0678594
28108399	22	42	anterior median eyes	T023	C0015392
28108399	50	56	funnel	T082	C0332495
28108399	59	69	web spider	T204	C0037913
28108399	70	90	Agelena labyrinthica	T204	C1905695
28108399	92	99	Araneae	T204	C0037913
28108399	101	111	Agelenidae	T204	C0998353
28108399	122	150	electron microscopic studies	T059	C0026019
28108399	164	173	structure	T082	C0678594
28108399	186	190	eyes	T023	C0015392
28108399	192	212	anterior median eyes	T023	C0015392
28108399	214	217	AME	T023	C0015392
28108399	222	233	web spiders	T204	C0037913
28108399	277	284	anatomy	T017	C0700276
28108399	292	295	AME	T023	C0015392
28108399	314	320	spider	T204	C0037913
28108399	321	341	Agelena labyrinthica	T204	C1905695
28108399	347	353	retina	T023	C0035298
28108399	379	386	regions	T082	C0205147
28108399	413	432	photoreceptor cells	T025	C0031760
28108399	438	450	central part	T082	C0205099
28108399	455	468	sensory cells	T026	C0034837
28108399	474	485	rhabdomeres	T026	C1167266
28108399	528	535	ventral	T082	C1704448
28108399	536	542	retina	T023	C0035298
28108399	557	568	rhabdomeres	T026	C1167266
28108399	605	616	rhabdomeres	T026	C1167266
28108399	624	631	ventral	T082	C1704448
28108399	632	638	retina	T023	C0035298
28108399	691	698	ventral	T082	C1704448
28108399	714	734	long tangential rows	T082	C0454236
28108399	754	760	center	T082	C0205099
28108399	805	818	sensory cells	T026	C0034837
28108399	834	845	unpigmented	T033	C0243095
28108399	846	858	pigment cell	T025	C1179009
28108399	859	868	processes	T043	C0007613
28108399	873	881	agelenid	T204	C0998353
28108399	882	889	spiders	T204	C0037913
28108399	894	899	axons	T026	C0004461
28108399	907	920	sensory cells	T026	C0034837
28108399	949	958	cell body	T026	C2752549
28108399	966	980	fine structure	T082	C0678594
28108399	1004	1011	eye cup	T074	C0180233
28108399	1043	1055	central part	T082	C0205099
28108399	1063	1069	retina	T023	C0035298
28108399	1079	1091	nerve fibres	T026	C0027749
28108399	1111	1119	synapses	T030	C0039062
28108399	1130	1143	distal region	T082	C0205147
28108399	1151	1165	receptor cells	T026	C0034837
28108399	1169	1175	muscle	T024	C0026845
28108399	1206	1213	eye cup	T074	C0180233
28108399	1233	1243	rotational	T082	C0445237
28108399	1244	1253	movements	T039	C0015413
28108399	1261	1265	eyes	T023	C0015392
28108399	1271	1290	optical performance	T070	C0029141
28108399	1292	1308	image resolution	T077	C2699488
28108399	1324	1328	eyes	T023	C0015392
28108399	1349	1361	visual cells	T025	C0007634

28108610|t|Circulating CXCR5 + PD-1 + ICOS + Follicular T Helper Cells Are Increased Close to the Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children With Multiple Autoantibodies
28108610|a|Although type 1 diabetes (T1D) is primarily perceived as a T cell -driven autoimmune disease, islet autoantibodies are the best currently available biomarker for autoimmunity and disease risk. These antibodies are produced by autoreactive B cells, the activation of which is largely dependent on the function of CD4 (+) CXCR5 (+) follicular T helper cells (Tfh). In this study, we have comprehensively characterized the Tfh - as well as B-cell compartments in a large cohort of children with newly diagnosed T1D or at different stages of preclinical T1D. We demonstrate that the frequency of CXCR5 (+) PD-1 (+) ICOS (+)- activated circulating Tfh cells is increased both in children with newly diagnosed T1D and in autoantibody -positive at-risk children with impaired glucose tolerance. Interestingly, this increase was only evident in children positive for two or more biochemical autoantibodies. No alterations in the circulating B-cell compartment were observed in children with either prediabetes or diabetes. Our results demonstrate that Tfh activation is detectable in the peripheral blood close to the presentation of clinical T1D but only in a subgroup of children identifiable by positivity for multiple autoantibodies. These findings suggest a role for Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of human T1D and carry important implications for targeting Tfh cells and/or B cells therapeutically.
28108610	0	11	Circulating	T169	C0175630
28108610	12	17	CXCR5	T116,T192	C0300729
28108610	20	24	PD-1	T116,T123	C0135710
28108610	27	31	ICOS	T116,T129	C1570399
28108610	34	44	Follicular	T023	C1571705
28108610	45	59	T Helper Cells	T025	C0018894
28108610	87	96	Diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28108610	100	115	Type 1 Diabetes	T047	C0011854
28108610	119	127	Children	T100	C0008059
28108610	133	156	Multiple Autoantibodies	T033	C1855872
28108610	166	181	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28108610	183	186	T1D	T047	C0011854
28108610	216	222	T cell	T025	C0039194
28108610	231	249	autoimmune disease	T047	C0004364
28108610	251	256	islet	T025	C1522529
28108610	257	271	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
28108610	305	314	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28108610	319	331	autoimmunity	T046	C0004368
28108610	336	348	disease risk	T033	C1281905
28108610	356	366	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28108610	383	395	autoreactive	T080	C0205332
28108610	396	403	B cells	T025	C0004561
28108610	409	419	activation	T043	C2259068
28108610	457	465	function	T169	C0542341
28108610	469	472	CD4	T116,T129,T192	C0003323
28108610	477	482	CXCR5	T116,T192	C0300729
28108610	487	497	follicular	T023	C1571705
28108610	498	512	T helper cells	T025	C0018894
28108610	514	517	Tfh	T025	C0018894
28108610	528	533	study	T062	C2603343
28108610	543	558	comprehensively	T080	C1880156
28108610	559	572	characterized	T052	C1880022
28108610	577	580	Tfh	T025	C0018894
28108610	594	600	B-cell	T025	C0004561
28108610	601	613	compartments	T017	C2349967
28108610	625	631	cohort	T098	C0599755
28108610	635	643	children	T100	C0008059
28108610	655	664	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28108610	665	668	T1D	T047	C0011854
28108610	685	691	stages	T079	C1306673
28108610	695	706	preclinical	T080	C1709630
28108610	707	710	T1D	T047	C0011854
28108610	715	726	demonstrate	T060	C2729318
28108610	736	745	frequency	T081	C0871396
28108610	749	754	CXCR5	T116,T192	C0300729
28108610	759	763	PD-1	T116,T123	C0135710
28108610	768	772	ICOS	T116,T129	C1570399
28108610	778	787	activated	T033	C1867034
28108610	788	799	circulating	T169	C0175630
28108610	800	809	Tfh cells	T025	C0018894
28108610	831	839	children	T100	C0008059
28108610	851	860	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28108610	861	864	T1D	T047	C0011854
28108610	872	884	autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
28108610	895	902	at-risk	T080	C1444641
28108610	903	911	children	T100	C0008059
28108610	926	943	glucose tolerance	T039	C0178665
28108610	994	1002	children	T100	C0008059
28108610	1028	1039	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28108610	1040	1054	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
28108610	1078	1089	circulating	T169	C0175630
28108610	1090	1096	B-cell	T025	C0004561
28108610	1097	1108	compartment	T017	C2349967
28108610	1114	1122	observed	T169	C1441672
28108610	1126	1134	children	T100	C0008059
28108610	1147	1158	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
28108610	1162	1170	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28108610	1176	1183	results	T033	C0683954
28108610	1184	1195	demonstrate	T060	C2729318
28108610	1201	1204	Tfh	T025	C0018894
28108610	1205	1215	activation	T052	C1879547
28108610	1219	1229	detectable	T201	C3830527
28108610	1237	1253	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
28108610	1283	1291	clinical	T080	C0205210
28108610	1292	1295	T1D	T047	C0011854
28108610	1322	1330	children	T100	C0008059
28108610	1331	1343	identifiable	T080	C0205396
28108610	1362	1385	multiple autoantibodies	T033	C1855872
28108610	1393	1401	findings	T033	C0243095
28108610	1421	1430	Tfh cells	T025	C0018894
28108610	1438	1450	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28108610	1454	1459	human	T016	C0086418
28108610	1460	1463	T1D	T047	C0011854
28108610	1484	1496	implications	T058	C0509640
28108610	1501	1510	targeting	T043	C0599894
28108610	1511	1520	Tfh cells	T025	C0018894
28108610	1528	1535	B cells	T025	C0004561
28108610	1536	1551	therapeutically	T061	C0087111

28108802|t|Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis by routine CT in Southern Europe
28108802|a|Feasibility evaluation of early detection of osteoporosis in oncologic patients by bone mineral density (BMD) on abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans performed for other clinical indications, by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference. Abdominal CT images can identify patients with osteoporosis BMD without additional radiation exposure or cost. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of early detection of osteoporosis by bone mineral density (BMD) on abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans performed in oncologic patients, comparing calibrated and uncalibrated measurements by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as reference. We also performed an external validation of a threshold of 160 Hounsfield units (HU), proposed as highly sensitive. Cohort comprised CT - DXA pairs within a 6-month period performed for any indication on 326 consecutive adults, aged 62.4 ± 12.38 years (mean ± standard deviation). CT attenuation of trabecular bone in HU was measured at the axial cross sections of L1, L2, L3, and L4 vertebrae. Vertebral compression fractures were assessed by sagittal reconstruction view. Diagnostic performance measures and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) for diagnosing osteoporosis were calculated. BMD values were statistical significantly lower at any vertebral level from L1 to L4 for patients with osteoporosis defined by DXA (p < 0.001). Calibrated and uncalibrated BMD values were significantly correlated (R (2) = 0.833, p < 0.01). An uncalibrated L1 CT attenuation threshold of 160 HU was more than 90 % sensitive, and a threshold of 73 HU was more than 90 % specific for distinguishing osteoporosis BMD. Fifty-nine percent of patients with vertebral compression fracture had non - osteoporotic DXA T-scores. Abdominal CT images obtained for other reasons can identify patients with osteoporosis BMD without additional radiation exposure or cost. Uncalibrated values at L1 can detect more osteoporosis patients with spinal compression fractures than DXA in oncologic patients.
28108802	0	23	Opportunistic screening	T058	C0422389
28108802	28	40	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28108802	44	51	routine	T080	C0205547
28108802	52	54	CT	T060	C0040405
28108802	58	73	Southern Europe	T083	C0037724
28108802	74	85	Feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28108802	86	96	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28108802	100	115	early detection	T060	C0596473
28108802	119	131	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28108802	135	144	oncologic	T191	C0740692
28108802	145	153	patients	T101	C0030705
28108802	157	177	bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
28108802	179	182	BMD	T201	C0005938
28108802	187	227	abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans	T060	C0412620
28108802	248	268	clinical indications	T201	C3173977
28108802	279	311	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
28108802	313	316	DXA	T060	C1510486
28108802	321	330	reference	T081	C0034925
28108802	332	344	Abdominal CT	T060	C0412620
28108802	345	351	images	T170	C1704922
28108802	356	364	identify	T080	C0205396
28108802	365	373	patients	T101	C0030705
28108802	379	391	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28108802	392	395	BMD	T201	C0005938
28108802	404	414	additional	T169	C1524062
28108802	415	433	radiation exposure	T037	C0015333
28108802	437	441	cost	T081	C0010186
28108802	447	454	purpose	T169	C1285529
28108802	462	467	study	T062	C2603343
28108802	474	482	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28108802	487	498	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28108802	502	517	early detection	T060	C0596473
28108802	521	533	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28108802	537	557	bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
28108802	559	562	BMD	T201	C0005938
28108802	567	607	abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans	T060	C0412620
28108802	621	630	oncologic	T191	C0740692
28108802	631	639	patients	T101	C0030705
28108802	641	650	comparing	T052	C1707455
28108802	651	661	calibrated	T081	C0006751
28108802	666	678	uncalibrated	T033	C0243095
28108802	679	691	measurements	T169	C0242485
28108802	701	733	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
28108802	735	738	DXA	T060	C1510486
28108802	743	752	reference	T081	C0034925
28108802	784	794	validation	T062	C1519941
28108802	800	809	threshold	T080	C0449864
28108802	817	833	Hounsfield units	T081	C1552985
28108802	835	837	HU	T081	C1552985
28108802	852	868	highly sensitive	T080	C0439822
28108802	870	876	Cohort	T098	C0599755
28108802	887	889	CT	T060	C0040405
28108802	892	895	DXA	T060	C1510486
28108802	944	954	indication	T078	C3146298
28108802	962	973	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28108802	974	980	adults	T100	C0001675
28108802	1007	1011	mean	T081	C0444504
28108802	1014	1032	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28108802	1035	1037	CT	T060	C0040405
28108802	1038	1049	attenuation	T052	C0599946
28108802	1053	1068	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
28108802	1072	1074	HU	T081	C1552985
28108802	1079	1087	measured	T081	C0079809
28108802	1095	1100	axial	T082	C0205131
28108802	1101	1115	cross sections	T082	C0552389
28108802	1138	1147	vertebrae	T023	C0549207
28108802	1149	1180	Vertebral compression fractures	T046	C0262431
28108802	1186	1194	assessed	T052	C1516048
28108802	1198	1221	sagittal reconstruction	T060	C2107025
28108802	1222	1226	view	T082	C0449911
28108802	1228	1238	Diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28108802	1239	1250	performance	T052	C1882330
28108802	1251	1259	measures	T081	C0079809
28108802	1268	1272	area	T082	C0205146
28108802	1283	1321	receiver operator characteristic curve	T081	C0035787
28108802	1323	1326	AUC	T081	C0376690
28108802	1332	1342	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
28108802	1343	1355	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28108802	1361	1371	calculated	T059	C1443182
28108802	1373	1376	BMD	T201	C0005938
28108802	1377	1383	values	T080	C0042295
28108802	1389	1400	statistical	T081	C0237881
28108802	1401	1420	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28108802	1428	1443	vertebral level	T029	C0446409
28108802	1462	1470	patients	T101	C0030705
28108802	1476	1488	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28108802	1500	1503	DXA	T060	C1510486
28108802	1517	1527	Calibrated	T081	C0006751
28108802	1532	1544	uncalibrated	T033	C0243095
28108802	1545	1548	BMD	T201	C0005938
28108802	1549	1555	values	T080	C0042295
28108802	1561	1574	significantly	T078	C0750502
28108802	1575	1585	correlated	T080	C1707520
28108802	1616	1628	uncalibrated	T033	C0243095
28108802	1632	1634	CT	T060	C0040405
28108802	1635	1646	attenuation	T052	C0599946
28108802	1647	1656	threshold	T080	C0449864
28108802	1664	1666	HU	T081	C1552985
28108802	1686	1695	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28108802	1703	1712	threshold	T080	C0449864
28108802	1719	1721	HU	T081	C1552985
28108802	1769	1781	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28108802	1782	1785	BMD	T201	C0005938
28108802	1798	1805	percent	T081	C0439165
28108802	1809	1817	patients	T101	C0030705
28108802	1823	1853	vertebral compression fracture	T046	C0262431
28108802	1858	1861	non	T169	C0332197
28108802	1864	1876	osteoporotic	T047	C0029456
28108802	1877	1889	DXA T-scores	T201	C2584897
28108802	1891	1903	Abdominal CT	T060	C0412620
28108802	1904	1910	images	T170	C1704922
28108802	1942	1950	identify	T080	C0205396
28108802	1951	1959	patients	T101	C0030705
28108802	1965	1977	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28108802	1978	1981	BMD	T201	C0005938
28108802	1990	2000	additional	T169	C1524062
28108802	2001	2019	radiation exposure	T037	C0015333
28108802	2023	2027	cost	T081	C0010186
28108802	2029	2041	Uncalibrated	T033	C0243095
28108802	2042	2048	values	T080	C0042295
28108802	2059	2065	detect	T033	C0442726
28108802	2071	2083	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28108802	2084	2092	patients	T101	C0030705
28108802	2098	2126	spinal compression fractures	T046	C0262431
28108802	2132	2135	DXA	T060	C1510486
28108802	2139	2148	oncologic	T191	C0740692
28108802	2149	2157	patients	T101	C0030705

28108814|t|The small neurotoxin apamin blocks not only small conductance Ca(2+) activated K(+) channels (SK type) but also the voltage dependent Kv1.3 channel
28108814|a|Apamin is frequently used as a specific blocker of small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated (SK type) K(+) channels. Here we show that the small neurotoxin is not as specific as anticipated. It is also a high-affinity inhibitor with an IC50 of 13 nM of the Kv1.3 channel; it blocks the latter with potency similar to the Kv1.3 blocker PAP-1. Since SK type channels and Kv1.3 channels are frequently coexpressed in different tissues such as cells of the immune system, apamin must be used with caution as a pharmacological tool.
28108814	4	9	small	T081	C0700321
28108814	10	20	neurotoxin	T131	C0027934
28108814	21	27	apamin	T116,T123,T131	C0003521
28108814	28	34	blocks	T169	C0332206
28108814	44	92	small conductance Ca(2+) activated K(+) channels	T116,T123	C1571638
28108814	94	101	SK type	T116,T123	C1571638
28108814	116	133	voltage dependent	T043	C1160359
28108814	134	147	Kv1.3 channel	T116,T123	C0290730
28108814	148	154	Apamin	T116,T123,T131	C0003521
28108814	158	168	frequently	T079	C0332183
28108814	179	187	specific	T080	C0205369
28108814	188	195	blocker	T121	C0872245
28108814	199	257	small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated (SK type) K(+) channels	T116,T123	C1571638
28108814	281	286	small	T081	C0700321
28108814	287	297	neurotoxin	T131	C0027934
28108814	308	316	specific	T080	C0205369
28108814	320	331	anticipated	T033	C3840775
28108814	346	369	high-affinity inhibitor	T121	C0872245
28108814	378	382	IC50	T081	C0600495
28108814	399	412	Kv1.3 channel	T116,T123	C0290730
28108814	417	423	blocks	T169	C0332206
28108814	463	476	Kv1.3 blocker	T121	C0872245
28108814	477	482	PAP-1	T109	C1568197
28108814	490	506	SK type channels	T116,T123	C1571638
28108814	511	525	Kv1.3 channels	T116,T123	C0290730
28108814	530	540	frequently	T079	C0332183
28108814	541	552	coexpressed	T045	C1171362
28108814	556	565	different	T080	C1705242
28108814	566	573	tissues	T024	C0040300
28108814	582	587	cells	T025	C0007634
28108814	595	608	immune system	T022	C0020962
28108814	610	616	apamin	T116,T123,T131	C0003521
28108814	625	642	used with caution	T169	C1710588
28108814	648	668	pharmacological tool	T121	C1254351

28108868|t|Morpho - Molecular Characterization of Soil Inhabitant Dermatophytes from Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran, a High Occurrence of Microsporum fulvum
28108868|a|Occurrence and diversity of dermatophyte mycoflora in 298 soil samples from Ahvaz, Southwest of Iran was investigated by using the hair-baiting technique. The samples were collected during spring (n = 210) and autumn (n = 88) of 2015, and the fungal isolates were identified based on the macro - and micro-morphology of colonies and with further ITS-rDNA RFLP and sequencing. Totally, 60 soil samples (20.1%) were positive for dermatophyte growth whose pH varied from 7.0 to 7.9. The highest (26.6%) and the lowest (14.3%) recovery rates were from the animal resorts and the streets soils samples, respectively. Seasonally, 16.7% of the spring samples and 28.4% of the autumn samples were positive. Based on molecular identification, three species of two genera were identified viz. M. fulvum (n = 57), M. canis (n = 2) and zoophilic Trichophyton interdigitale (n = 1). As a specific goal in the study, differentiation of the species in Microsporum gypseum complex was established by measuring the mean length and width of macroconidia in some strains of M. gypseum, M. fulvum and M. incurvatum. Mean size for macroconidia length and width in three species showed that M. gypseum and M. incurvatum can morphologically be differentiated from M. fulvum but not from each other. M. fulvum was the most abundant species isolated from the soils of Ahvaz; however, to comprehensively specify the distribution pattern of geophilic dermatophytes in the soils of this city further investigations are needed. Identification based on micro-morphometric is not effective for species distinction in M. gypseum complex, while molecular procedures based on sequencing of certain DNA regions are the most reliable and applicable strategies for this purpose.
28108868	0	6	Morpho	T080	C0332437
28108868	9	18	Molecular	T085	C0026383
28108868	19	35	Characterization	T052	C1880022
28108868	39	43	Soil	T167	C0037592
28108868	55	68	Dermatophytes	T004	C0011635
28108868	74	79	Ahvaz	T083	C0017446
28108868	81	90	Southwest	T082	C1710136
28108868	94	98	Iran	T083	C0022065
28108868	121	139	Microsporum fulvum	T004	C0319954
28108868	155	164	diversity	T080	C0282469
28108868	168	190	dermatophyte mycoflora	T004	C0011635
28108868	198	210	soil samples	T167	C3687777
28108868	216	221	Ahvaz	T083	C0017446
28108868	223	232	Southwest	T082	C1710136
28108868	236	240	Iran	T083	C0022065
28108868	271	293	hair-baiting technique	T169	C0449851
28108868	299	306	samples	T167	C3687777
28108868	329	335	spring	T079	C0241232
28108868	350	356	autumn	T079	C0238715
28108868	383	398	fungal isolates	T004	C0016832
28108868	428	433	macro	T080	C0332437
28108868	440	456	micro-morphology	T080	C0332437
28108868	460	468	colonies	T081	C0439158
28108868	486	499	ITS-rDNA RFLP	T059	C3714764
28108868	504	514	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28108868	528	540	soil samples	T167	C3687777
28108868	567	579	dermatophyte	T004	C0011635
28108868	580	586	growth	T040	C0018270
28108868	663	677	recovery rates	T081	C1521828
28108868	692	706	animal resorts	T073,T092	C0035198
28108868	715	722	streets	T073	C0442658
28108868	723	736	soils samples	T167	C3687777
28108868	752	762	Seasonally	T079	C0036497
28108868	777	783	spring	T079	C0241232
28108868	784	791	samples	T167	C0370003
28108868	809	815	autumn	T079	C0238715
28108868	816	823	samples	T167	C0370003
28108868	848	872	molecular identification	T085	C0026383
28108868	880	887	species	T185	C1705920
28108868	895	901	genera	T185	C1708235
28108868	923	932	M. fulvum	T004	C0319954
28108868	943	951	M. canis	T004	C0319950
28108868	964	1000	zoophilic Trichophyton interdigitale	T004	C0319998
28108868	1036	1041	study	T062	C2603343
28108868	1066	1073	species	T185	C1705920
28108868	1077	1104	Microsporum gypseum complex	T004	C0319579
28108868	1138	1142	mean	T081	C0444504
28108868	1143	1149	length	T081	C1444754
28108868	1154	1159	width	T081	C0487742
28108868	1163	1175	macroconidia	T004	C0450251
28108868	1184	1191	strains	T080	C0456178
28108868	1195	1205	M. gypseum	T004	C0319579
28108868	1207	1216	M. fulvum	T004	C0319954
28108868	1221	1234	M. incurvatum	T004	C3889736
28108868	1236	1245	Mean size	T082	C0456389
28108868	1250	1262	macroconidia	T004	C0450251
28108868	1263	1269	length	T081	C1444754
28108868	1274	1279	width	T081	C0487742
28108868	1289	1296	species	T185	C1705920
28108868	1309	1319	M. gypseum	T004	C0319579
28108868	1324	1337	M. incurvatum	T004	C3889736
28108868	1342	1357	morphologically	T080	C0332437
28108868	1381	1390	M. fulvum	T004	C0319954
28108868	1416	1425	M. fulvum	T004	C0319954
28108868	1448	1455	species	T185	C1705920
28108868	1474	1479	soils	T167	C0037592
28108868	1483	1488	Ahvaz	T083	C0017446
28108868	1530	1550	distribution pattern	T082	C0449775
28108868	1554	1577	geophilic dermatophytes	T004	C0521038
28108868	1585	1590	soils	T167	C0037592
28108868	1599	1603	city	T083	C0008848
28108868	1663	1681	micro-morphometric	T080	C0332437
28108868	1703	1710	species	T185	C1705920
28108868	1726	1744	M. gypseum complex	T004	C0319579
28108868	1782	1792	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28108868	1804	1815	DNA regions	T086	C0162326

28109317|t|Sorting nexin-4 regulates β-amyloid production by modulating β-site-activating cleavage enzyme-1
28109317|a|Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved by β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) to produce β-amyloid (Aβ), a critical pathogenic peptide in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ generation can be affected by the intracellular trafficking of APP or its related secretases, which is thus important to understanding its pathological alterations. Although sorting nexin (SNX) family proteins regulate this trafficking, the relevance and role of sorting nexin-4 (SNX4) regarding AD has not been studied yet. In this study, human brain tissue and APP / PS1 mouse brain tissue were used to check the disease relevance of SNX4. To investigate the role of SNX4 in AD pathogenesis, several experiments were done, such as coimmunoprecipitation, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and gradient fractionation. We found that SNX4 protein levels changed in the brains of patients with AD and of AD model mice. Overexpression of SNX4 significantly increased the levels of BACE1 and Aβ. Downregulation of SNX4 had the opposite effect. SNX4 interacts with BACE1 and prevents BACE1 trafficking to the lysosomal degradation system, resulting in an increased half-life of BACE1 and increased production of Aβ. We show that SNX4 regulates BACE1 trafficking. Our findings suggest novel therapeutic implications of modulating SNX4 to regulate BACE1 -mediated β-processing of APP and subsequent Aβ generation.
28109317	0	15	Sorting nexin-4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	26	35	β-amyloid	T116	C3484390
28109317	36	46	production	T044	C1510880
28109317	50	60	modulating	T082	C0443264
28109317	61	96	β-site-activating cleavage enzyme-1	T116,T126	C1569775
28109317	97	122	Amyloid precursor protein	T116	C0085151
28109317	124	127	APP	T116	C0085151
28109317	143	193	β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1	T116,T126	C1569775
28109317	195	200	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28109317	213	222	β-amyloid	T116	C3484390
28109317	224	226	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28109317	240	250	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
28109317	251	258	peptide	T116	C0030956
28109317	262	281	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28109317	283	285	AD	T047	C0002395
28109317	288	290	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28109317	291	301	generation	T044	C1510880
28109317	325	350	intracellular trafficking	T044	C1513112
28109317	354	357	APP	T116	C0085151
28109317	373	383	secretases	T116,T126	C0171484
28109317	430	454	pathological alterations	T169	C1521733
28109317	465	500	sorting nexin (SNX) family proteins	T116,T123	C2936363
28109317	515	526	trafficking	T044	C1513112
28109317	554	569	sorting nexin-4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	571	575	SNX4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	587	589	AD	T047	C0002395
28109317	631	636	human	T016	C0086418
28109317	637	649	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
28109317	654	657	APP	T116	C0085151
28109317	660	663	PS1	T116,T123	C0299212
28109317	664	669	mouse	T015	C0025929
28109317	670	682	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
28109317	706	713	disease	T047	C0012634
28109317	727	731	SNX4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	760	764	SNX4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	768	770	AD	T047	C0002395
28109317	771	783	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28109317	793	804	experiments	T062	C0681814
28109317	824	845	coimmunoprecipitation	T059	C1449705
28109317	847	863	Western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28109317	865	885	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28109317	891	913	gradient fractionation	T059	C0007704
28109317	929	933	SNX4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	934	948	protein levels	T034	C0428479
28109317	964	970	brains	T023	C0006104
28109317	974	982	patients	T101	C0030705
28109317	988	990	AD	T047	C0002395
28109317	998	1000	AD	T047	C0002395
28109317	1001	1011	model mice	T015	C0025929
28109317	1013	1027	Overexpression	T045	C1514559
28109317	1031	1035	SNX4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	1074	1079	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28109317	1084	1086	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28109317	1088	1102	Downregulation	T044	C0013081
28109317	1106	1110	SNX4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	1136	1140	SNX4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	1156	1161	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28109317	1175	1180	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28109317	1181	1192	trafficking	T044	C1513112
28109317	1200	1209	lysosomal	T029	C0521450
28109317	1210	1228	degradation system	T040	C0699900
28109317	1256	1265	half-life	T079	C0018517
28109317	1269	1274	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28109317	1289	1299	production	T044	C1510880
28109317	1303	1305	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28109317	1320	1324	SNX4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	1335	1340	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28109317	1341	1352	trafficking	T044	C1513112
28109317	1381	1392	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28109317	1409	1419	modulating	T082	C0443264
28109317	1420	1424	SNX4	T116,T123	C1739732
28109317	1437	1442	BACE1	T116,T126	C1569775
28109317	1453	1465	β-processing	T052	C1709694
28109317	1469	1472	APP	T116	C0085151
28109317	1488	1490	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28109317	1491	1501	generation	T044	C1510880

28109920|t|Myocardial Blood Flow and Inflammatory Cardiac Sarcoidosis
28109920|a|This study sought to evaluate the effects of inflammatory sarcoid disease on coronary circulatory function and the response to immune-suppressive treatment. Although positron emission tomography assessment of myocardial inflammation is increasingly applied to identify active cardiac sarcoidosis, its effect on coronary flow and immune-suppressive treatment remains to be characterized. Thirty-two individuals, who were referred for positron emission tomography / computed tomography, were evaluated for known or suspected cardiac sarcoidosis applying (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose to determine inflammation and (13)N-ammonia to assess for perfusion deficits following a high-fat / low-carbohydrate diet and fasting state >12 h to suppress myocardial glucose uptake. Inflammation was quantified with standardized uptake value and regional myocardial blood flow at rest and during regadenoson - stimulated hyperemia was determined in ml/g/min. Positron emission tomography studies were repeated in 18 cases with a median follow-up of 2.5 years (interquartile range [IQR]:1.3 to 3.4 years). Twenty-five exams had normal perfusion but evidence of regional inflammation (group 1), and 21 exams presented a regional perfusion deficit associated with inflammation (group 2). Median myocardial blood flow did not differ between inflamed and noninflamed myocardium in both groups (0.86 ml/g/min [IQR: 0.66 to 1.11 ml/g/min] vs. 0.83 ml/g/min [IQR: 0.64 to 1.12 ml/g/min] and 0.74 ml/g/min [IQR: 0.60 to 0.93 ml/g/min] vs. 0.77 ml/g/min [IQR: 0.59 to 0.95 ml/g/min], respectively). As regards median hyperemic myocardial blood flows, they were significantly lower in the inflamed than in the remote regions in group 1 and 2 (2.31 ml/g/min [IQR: 1.81 to 2.95 ml/g/min] vs. 2.70 ml/g/min [IQR: 2.07 to 3.30 ml/g/min] and 1.61 ml/g/min [IQR: 1.17 to 2.18 ml/g/min] vs. 1.94 ml/g/min [IQR: 1.49 to 2.39 ml/g/min]; p < 0.001, respectively). Immune-suppression -mediated decrease in inflammation was associated with preserved myocardial flow reserve (MFR) at follow-up, whereas MFR significantly worsened in regions without changes or even increases in inflammation (median Δ MFR: 0.07 [IQR: -0.29 to 0.45] vs. -0.24 [IQR: -0.84 to 0.21]; p < 0.001). There was an inverse correlation between pronounced alterations in myocardial inflammation (Δ regional myocardial volume with standardized uptake value >4.1) and Δ MFR (r = -0.47; p = 0.048). Sarcoid -mediated myocardial inflammation is associated with a regional impairment of coronary circulatory function. The association between immune-suppressive treatment -related alterations in myocardial inflammation and changes in coronary vasodilator capacity suggests direct adverse effect of inflammation on coronary circulatory function in cardiac sarcoidosis.
28109920	0	21	Myocardial Blood Flow	T042	C2986786
28109920	26	38	Inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28109920	39	58	Cardiac Sarcoidosis	T047	C0392077
28109920	64	69	study	T062	C0008972
28109920	93	100	effects	T080	C1280500
28109920	104	116	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28109920	117	132	sarcoid disease	T047	C0036202
28109920	136	156	coronary circulatory	T042	C0010067
28109920	157	165	function	T169	C0542341
28109920	186	214	immune-suppressive treatment	T061	C0021079
28109920	225	253	positron emission tomography	T060	C0032743
28109920	268	291	myocardial inflammation	T047	C0027059
28109920	328	354	active cardiac sarcoidosis	T047	C0392077
28109920	360	366	effect	T080	C1280500
28109920	370	383	coronary flow	T042	C0010067
28109920	388	416	immune-suppressive treatment	T061	C0021079
28109920	431	444	characterized	T052	C1880022
28109920	457	468	individuals	T098	C0237401
28109920	492	520	positron emission tomography	T060	C0032743
28109920	523	542	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28109920	572	581	suspected	T080	C0332147
28109920	582	601	cardiac sarcoidosis	T047	C0392077
28109920	611	635	(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose	T109,T130	C0046056
28109920	639	648	determine	T080	C0521095
28109920	649	661	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28109920	666	679	(13)N-ammonia	T121,T130	C1998431
28109920	694	712	perfusion deficits	T034	C0428858
28109920	725	733	high-fat	T061	C0521974
28109920	736	757	low-carbohydrate diet	T061	C0259836
28109920	762	775	fasting state	T033	C0015663
28109920	785	793	suppress	T040	C0301625
28109920	794	804	myocardial	T024	C0027061
28109920	805	819	glucose uptake	T043	C1159527
28109920	821	833	Inflammation	T046	C0021368
28109920	838	848	quantified	T081	C1709793
28109920	854	879	standardized uptake value	T081	C2348529
28109920	893	914	myocardial blood flow	T042	C2986786
28109920	934	945	regadenoson	T109,T121	C1698215
28109920	948	958	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28109920	959	968	hyperemia	T047	C0020452
28109920	997	1025	Positron emission tomography	T060	C0032743
28109920	1026	1033	studies	T062	C0008972
28109920	1054	1059	cases	T169	C0868928
28109920	1067	1073	median	T081	C0876920
28109920	1074	1083	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28109920	1091	1096	years	T079	C0439234
28109920	1098	1117	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28109920	1119	1122	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	1135	1140	years	T079	C0439234
28109920	1155	1160	exams	T058	C0582103
28109920	1172	1181	perfusion	T061	C0031001
28109920	1198	1206	regional	T082	C0205147
28109920	1207	1219	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28109920	1221	1226	group	T078	C0441833
28109920	1238	1243	exams	T058	C0582103
28109920	1256	1264	regional	T082	C0205147
28109920	1265	1282	perfusion deficit	T034	C0428858
28109920	1299	1311	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28109920	1313	1318	group	T078	C0441833
28109920	1330	1351	myocardial blood flow	T042	C2986786
28109920	1375	1383	inflamed	T046	C0021368
28109920	1400	1410	myocardium	T024	C0027061
28109920	1419	1425	groups	T078	C0441833
28109920	1442	1445	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	1489	1492	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	1536	1539	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	1583	1586	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	1638	1644	median	T081	C0876920
28109920	1645	1654	hyperemic	T047	C0020452
28109920	1655	1677	myocardial blood flows	T042	C2986786
28109920	1716	1724	inflamed	T046	C0021368
28109920	1737	1751	remote regions	T082	C0205147
28109920	1755	1760	group	T078	C0441833
28109920	1785	1788	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	1832	1835	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	1879	1882	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	1926	1929	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	1981	1999	Immune-suppression	T061	C0021079
28109920	2022	2034	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28109920	2065	2088	myocardial flow reserve	T201	C1721077
28109920	2090	2093	MFR	T201	C1721077
28109920	2098	2107	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28109920	2117	2120	MFR	T201	C1721077
28109920	2135	2143	worsened	T033	C1457868
28109920	2192	2204	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28109920	2206	2212	median	T081	C0876920
28109920	2215	2218	MFR	T201	C1721077
28109920	2226	2229	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	2257	2260	IQR	T081	C1711350
28109920	2303	2310	inverse	T080	C0439850
28109920	2311	2322	correlation	T080	C1707520
28109920	2357	2380	myocardial inflammation	T047	C0027059
28109920	2384	2410	regional myocardial volume	T081	C0449468
28109920	2416	2441	standardized uptake value	T081	C2348529
28109920	2454	2457	MFR	T201	C1721077
28109920	2482	2489	Sarcoid	T047	C0392077
28109920	2500	2523	myocardial inflammation	T047	C0027059
28109920	2545	2564	regional impairment	T169	C0221099
28109920	2568	2588	coronary circulatory	T042	C0010067
28109920	2589	2597	function	T169	C0542341
28109920	2623	2651	immune-suppressive treatment	T061	C0021079
28109920	2676	2699	myocardial inflammation	T047	C0027059
28109920	2715	2735	coronary vasodilator	T121	C0596385
28109920	2736	2744	capacity	T081	C1516240
28109920	2761	2775	adverse effect	T046	C0879626
28109920	2779	2791	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28109920	2795	2815	coronary circulatory	T042	C0010067
28109920	2816	2824	function	T169	C0542341
28109920	2828	2847	cardiac sarcoidosis	T047	C0392077

28110058|t|Threshold Dose Distribution in Walnut Allergy
28110058|a|In food allergy, eliciting doses (EDs) of foods on a population level can improve risk management and labeling strategies for the food industry and regulatory authorities. Previously, data available for walnut were unsuitable to determine EDs. The objective of this study was to determine EDs for walnut allergic adults and to compare with previously established threshold data for peanut and tree nuts. Prospectively, adult subjects with a suspected walnut allergy underwent a low-dose double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge. Individual no observed and lowest observed adverse effect levels were determined and log-normal, log-logistic, and Weibull models were fit to the data. Estimated ED values were calculated for the ED5, ED10, and ED50, the dose respectively predicted to provoke an allergic reaction in 5%, 10%, and 50% of the walnut allergic population. Fifty-seven subjects were challenged and 33 subjects were confirmed to be walnut allergic. Objective symptoms occurred in 20 of the positive challenges (61%). The cumulative EDs in the distribution models ranged from 3.1 to 4.1 mg for the ED05, from 10.6 to 14.6 mg walnut protein for the ED10, and from 590 to 625 mg of walnut protein for the ED50. Our data indicate that population EDs for walnut are slightly higher compared with those for peanut and hazelnut allergy. Currently available data indicate that the ED values for hazelnut could be used as a conservative temporary placeholder when implementing risk management strategies for other tree nuts where little or no food challenge data are available.
28110058	0	9	Threshold	T080	C0449864
28110058	10	14	Dose	T081	C0178602
28110058	15	27	Distribution	T169	C1704711
28110058	31	45	Walnut Allergy	T047	C0685899
28110058	49	61	food allergy	T046	C0016470
28110058	63	78	eliciting doses	T081	C0178602
28110058	80	83	EDs	T081	C0178602
28110058	88	93	foods	T168	C0016452
28110058	99	115	population level	T067	C1514233
28110058	120	127	improve	T033	C0184511
28110058	128	143	risk management	T058	C0035649
28110058	148	167	labeling strategies	T068	C0016475
28110058	176	189	food industry	T057	C0524863
28110058	194	216	regulatory authorities	T064	C2981655
28110058	230	234	data	T078	C1511726
28110058	249	255	walnut	T168	C0993635
28110058	285	288	EDs	T081	C0178602
28110058	312	317	study	T062	C2603343
28110058	335	338	EDs	T081	C0178602
28110058	343	358	walnut allergic	T047	C0685899
28110058	359	365	adults	T100	C0001675
28110058	409	418	threshold	T080	C0449864
28110058	419	423	data	T078	C1511726
28110058	428	434	peanut	T168	C0949399
28110058	439	448	tree nuts	T168	C3714627
28110058	465	479	adult subjects	T096	C0681850
28110058	497	511	walnut allergy	T047	C0685899
28110058	524	532	low-dose	T081	C0445550
28110058	533	545	double-blind	T062	C0013072
28110058	547	580	placebo-controlled food challenge	T062,T170	C0599724
28110058	593	646	no observed and lowest observed adverse effect levels	T060	C0282619
28110058	667	677	log-normal	T081	C1708729
28110058	679	691	log-logistic	T081,T170	C0023965
28110058	697	711	Weibull models	T081	C1710665
28110058	728	732	data	T078	C1511726
28110058	744	753	ED values	T081	C0178602
28110058	759	769	calculated	T052	C1441506
28110058	778	781	ED5	T081	C0178602
28110058	783	787	ED10	T081	C0178602
28110058	793	797	ED50	T081	C0178602
28110058	803	807	dose	T081	C0178602
28110058	845	862	allergic reaction	T046	C1527304
28110058	890	905	walnut allergic	T047	C0685899
28110058	906	916	population	T098	C1257890
28110058	930	938	subjects	T096	C0681850
28110058	944	954	challenged	T059	C1315011
28110058	962	970	subjects	T096	C0681850
28110058	992	1007	walnut allergic	T047	C0685899
28110058	1009	1027	Objective symptoms	T184	C1457887
28110058	1050	1069	positive challenges	T059	C1315011
28110058	1081	1091	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28110058	1092	1095	EDs	T081	C0178602
28110058	1103	1122	distribution models	T170	C3161035
28110058	1157	1161	ED05	T081	C0178602
28110058	1184	1190	walnut	T168	C0993635
28110058	1191	1198	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28110058	1207	1211	ED10	T081	C0178602
28110058	1239	1245	walnut	T168	C0993635
28110058	1246	1253	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28110058	1262	1266	ED50	T081	C0178602
28110058	1272	1276	data	T078	C1511726
28110058	1291	1301	population	T098	C1257890
28110058	1302	1305	EDs	T081	C0178602
28110058	1310	1316	walnut	T168	C0993635
28110058	1361	1367	peanut	T047	C0559470
28110058	1372	1388	hazelnut allergy	T047	C4076657
28110058	1410	1414	data	T078	C1511726
28110058	1433	1442	ED values	T081	C0178602
28110058	1447	1455	hazelnut	T047	C4076657
28110058	1528	1543	risk management	T058	C0035649
28110058	1565	1574	tree nuts	T168	C3714627
28110058	1594	1608	food challenge	T060	C0430022
28110058	1609	1613	data	T078	C1511726

28110078|t|Escherichia coli HGT: Engineered for high glucose throughput even under slowly growing or resting conditions
28110078|a|Aerobic production-scale processes are constrained by the technical limitations of maximum oxygen transfer and heat removal. Consequently, microbial activity is often controlled via limited nutrient feeding to maintain it within technical operability. Here, we present an alternative approach based on a newly engineered Escherichia coli strain. This E. coli HGT (high glucose throughput) strain was engineered by modulating the stringent response regulation program and decreasing the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase. The strain offers about three-fold higher rates of cell - specific glucose uptake under nitrogen - limitation (0.6gGlc gCDW(-1)h(-1)) compared to that of wild type, with a maximum glucose uptake rate of about 1.8gGlc gCDW(-1)h(-1) already at a 0.3h(-1) specific growth rate. The surplus of imported glucose is almost completely available via pyruvate and is used to fuel pyruvate and lactate formation. Thus, E. coli HGT represents a novel chassis as a host for pyruvate-derived products.
28110078	0	20	Escherichia coli HGT	T007	C0014834
28110078	22	32	Engineered	T063	C0017387
28110078	37	49	high glucose	T033	C0860803
28110078	50	60	throughput	T043	C1160589
28110078	72	86	slowly growing	T033	C4086857
28110078	90	108	resting conditions	T033	C0679218
28110078	109	116	Aerobic	T080	C1510824
28110078	117	133	production-scale	T057	C0033268
28110078	134	143	processes	T067	C1522240
28110078	148	159	constrained	T077	C1707494
28110078	167	176	technical	T169	C0449851
28110078	177	188	limitations	T169	C0449295
28110078	192	199	maximum	T081	C0806909
28110078	200	215	oxygen transfer	T033	C0429751
28110078	220	224	heat	T070	C0018837
28110078	225	232	removal	T052	C1883720
28110078	248	257	microbial	T001	C0599840
28110078	258	266	activity	T052	C0441655
28110078	276	286	controlled	T169	C0332298
28110078	291	298	limited	T169	C0439801
28110078	299	307	nutrient	T168	C0678695
28110078	308	315	feeding	T052	C2987508
28110078	338	347	technical	T169	C0449851
28110078	348	359	operability	T052	C3241922
28110078	381	392	alternative	T077	C1523987
28110078	393	401	approach	T082	C0449445
28110078	419	429	engineered	T063	C0017387
28110078	430	446	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28110078	447	453	strain	T001	C1518614
28110078	460	471	E. coli HGT	T007	C0014834
28110078	473	485	high glucose	T033	C0860803
28110078	486	496	throughput	T043	C1160589
28110078	498	504	strain	T001	C1518614
28110078	509	519	engineered	T063	C0017387
28110078	538	556	stringent response	T043	C1155336
28110078	557	575	regulation program	T038	C1327622
28110078	580	590	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28110078	595	603	activity	T052	C0441655
28110078	607	629	pyruvate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0034343
28110078	635	641	strain	T001	C1518614
28110078	666	672	higher	T080	C0205250
28110078	673	678	rates	T081	C1521828
28110078	682	686	cell	T025	C0007634
28110078	689	697	specific	T080	C0205369
28110078	698	712	glucose uptake	T043	C1159527
28110078	719	727	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28110078	730	740	limitation	T169	C0449295
28110078	765	773	compared	T052	C1707455
28110078	785	794	wild type	T028	C1883559
28110078	803	810	maximum	T081	C0806909
28110078	811	825	glucose uptake	T043	C1159527
28110078	826	830	rate	T081	C1521828
28110078	884	892	specific	T080	C0205369
28110078	893	904	growth rate	T079	C0449249
28110078	910	917	surplus	T080	C1979886
28110078	921	937	imported glucose	T043	C1159527
28110078	959	968	available	T169	C0470187
28110078	973	981	pyruvate	T109,T123	C0244104
28110078	997	1010	fuel pyruvate	T109,T123	C0244104
28110078	1015	1032	lactate formation	T044	C1157710
28110078	1040	1051	E. coli HGT	T007	C0014834
28110078	1065	1078	novel chassis	T073	C1707356
28110078	1084	1088	host	T001	C1167395
28110078	1093	1118	pyruvate-derived products	T109	C0034354

28110451|t|The importance of various stages of succession in preservation of biodiversity among riparian birds in northern Iran
28110451|a|Every stage of succession may provide certain species with habitat requirements which are impossible in other stages of succession. This study attempts to evaluate the different stages of succession in terms of composition and structure of bird populations in Hyrcanian forests. Bird - habitat relationships were investigated by comparing vegetation characteristics in three successional stages including late, initial stage, and urban areas. Bird richness, diversity, and abundance were measured within a 25-m radius of each of the 120 sampling points in various stages of succession and urban areas from May to April (2014) in the Ziarat catchment. This study indicated that every stage of succession may support certain species. Based on bird - habitat associations along the various stages of succession, two groups were distinguished. Conventional comparative analysis separated two groups of understory birds: interior specialists and edge specialists. The interior-specialist group was positively correlated with the number of dead trees, tall trees with high values of dbh and height and canopy cover. In contrast, edge specialists groups mainly included terrestrial insectivores and were positively correlated with open area and shrub cover, and percentage of shrub cover between 1 and 2 m in height. In summary, bird communities in Hyrcanian forests are highly dynamic in different vegetation covers suggesting that it is critical to increase diverse and abundant bird populations by conserving forests composed of mosaics of differently disturbed stands and mature forest patches.
28110451	18	25	various	T081	C0439064
28110451	26	32	stages	T079	C1306673
28110451	36	46	succession	T081	C0242538
28110451	50	62	preservation	T169	C0728887
28110451	66	78	biodiversity	T080	C0282469
28110451	85	99	riparian birds	T012	C0005595
28110451	103	111	northern	T082	C1709269
28110451	112	116	Iran	T083	C0022065
28110451	117	122	Every	T080	C1948061
28110451	123	128	stage	T079	C1306673
28110451	132	142	succession	T081	C0242538
28110451	147	154	provide	T052	C1999230
28110451	155	162	certain	T080	C0205423
28110451	163	170	species	T185	C1705920
28110451	176	183	habitat	T082	C0871648
28110451	184	196	requirements	T169	C1514873
28110451	227	233	stages	T079	C1306673
28110451	237	247	succession	T081	C0242538
28110451	254	259	study	T062	C2603343
28110451	285	294	different	T080	C1705242
28110451	295	301	stages	T079	C1306673
28110451	305	315	succession	T081	C0242538
28110451	328	339	composition	UnknownType	C0679983
28110451	344	353	structure	T082	C0678594
28110451	357	361	bird	T012	C0005595
28110451	362	373	populations	T081	C0032659
28110451	377	394	Hyrcanian forests	T070	C0086312
28110451	396	400	Bird	T012	C0005595
28110451	403	410	habitat	T082	C0871648
28110451	411	424	relationships	T080	C0439849
28110451	430	442	investigated	T169	C1292732
28110451	446	455	comparing	T052	C1707455
28110451	456	466	vegetation	T169	C0205245
28110451	467	482	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28110451	492	504	successional	T081	C0242538
28110451	505	511	stages	T079	C1306673
28110451	512	521	including	T169	C0332257
28110451	522	526	late	T079	C0205087
28110451	528	541	initial stage	T079	C1306673
28110451	547	558	urban areas	T082	C0178876
28110451	560	564	Bird	T012	C0005595
28110451	575	584	diversity	T080	C1880371
28110451	590	599	abundance	T080	C2346714
28110451	605	613	measured	T080	C0444706
28110451	614	620	within	T082	C0332285
28110451	623	634	25-m radius	T081	C1306504
28110451	654	669	sampling points	T082	C1254362
28110451	673	680	various	T081	C0439064
28110451	681	687	stages	T079	C1306673
28110451	691	701	succession	T081	C0242538
28110451	706	717	urban areas	T082	C0178876
28110451	750	756	Ziarat	T083	C0030211
28110451	757	766	catchment	T083	C0007403
28110451	773	778	study	T062	C2603343
28110451	779	788	indicated	T033	C1444656
28110451	794	799	every	T080	C1948061
28110451	800	805	stage	T079	C1306673
28110451	809	819	succession	T081	C0242538
28110451	840	847	species	T185	C1705920
28110451	849	854	Based	T169	C1527178
28110451	858	862	bird	T012	C0005595
28110451	865	872	habitat	T082	C0871648
28110451	873	885	associations	T080	C0439849
28110451	896	903	various	T081	C0439064
28110451	904	910	stages	T079	C1306673
28110451	914	924	succession	T081	C0242538
28110451	926	929	two	T081	C0205448
28110451	930	936	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28110451	942	955	distinguished	T080	C0205615
28110451	957	969	Conventional	T080	C0439858
28110451	970	990	comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
28110451	991	1000	separated	T080	C0443299
28110451	1001	1004	two	T081	C0205448
28110451	1005	1011	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28110451	1015	1031	understory birds	T012	C0005595
28110451	1033	1053	interior specialists	UnknownType	C0681860
28110451	1058	1074	edge specialists	UnknownType	C0681860
28110451	1080	1105	interior-specialist group	UnknownType	C0681860
28110451	1110	1120	positively	T033	C1446409
28110451	1121	1131	correlated	T080	C1707520
28110451	1141	1147	number	T081	C0237753
28110451	1151	1155	dead	T040	C0011065
28110451	1156	1161	trees	T002	C0040811
28110451	1163	1167	tall	T032	C0489786
28110451	1168	1173	trees	T002	C0040811
28110451	1179	1183	high	T080	C0205250
28110451	1184	1190	values	T080	C0042295
28110451	1194	1197	dbh	T081	C0392762
28110451	1202	1208	height	T032	C0489786
28110451	1213	1225	canopy cover	T080	C0205556
28110451	1240	1263	edge specialists groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28110451	1271	1279	included	T169	C0332257
28110451	1280	1291	terrestrial	T080	C0205556
28110451	1292	1304	insectivores	T015	C0021584
28110451	1314	1324	positively	T033	C1446409
28110451	1325	1335	correlated	T080	C1707520
28110451	1341	1345	open	T082	C0175566
28110451	1346	1350	area	T082	C0205146
28110451	1355	1366	shrub cover	T082	C1254362
28110451	1372	1382	percentage	T081	C0439165
28110451	1386	1397	shrub cover	T082	C1254362
28110451	1419	1425	height	T032	C0489786
28110451	1439	1443	bird	T012	C0005595
28110451	1444	1455	communities	T096	C0009462
28110451	1459	1476	Hyrcanian forests	T070	C0086312
28110451	1481	1487	highly	T080	C0205250
28110451	1488	1495	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28110451	1499	1508	different	T080	C1705242
28110451	1509	1526	vegetation covers	T082	C1254362
28110451	1527	1537	suggesting	T078	C1705535
28110451	1549	1557	critical	T080	C1511545
28110451	1561	1569	increase	T169	C0442805
28110451	1570	1577	diverse	T080	C1880371
28110451	1582	1590	abundant	T080	C2346714
28110451	1591	1595	bird	T012	C0005595
28110451	1596	1607	populations	T081	C0032659
28110451	1622	1629	forests	T070	C0086312
28110451	1642	1649	mosaics	T082	C0439750
28110451	1653	1664	differently	T080	C1705242
28110451	1665	1681	disturbed stands	T082	C1254362
28110451	1686	1692	mature	T079	C0205286
28110451	1693	1707	forest patches	T082	C1254362

28110669|t|In vitro screening and in silico validation revealed key microbes for higher production of significant therapeutic enzyme l-asparaginase
28110669|a|l-asparaginase is an enzyme of medical prominence and reputable as a chemotherapeutic agent. It also has immense potential to cure autoimmune and infectious diseases. The vast application of this enzyme in healthcare sector increases its market demand. However, presently the huge market demand is not achieved completely. This serves the basis to explore better producer microbial strains to bridge the gap between huge demand and supply of this therapeutic enzyme. The present study deals with the successful screening of potent microorganisms producing l-asparaginase. 47 microorganisms were screened including bacteria, fungi, and yeasts. Among all, Penicillium lilacinum showed the highest enzyme activity i.e., 39.67 IU/ml. Shigella flexneri has 23.21 IU/ml of enzyme activity (highest among all the bacterial strain tested). Further, the 3-D structure of l-asparaginase from higher producer strains was developed and validated in silico for its activity. l-asparagine (substrate for l-asparaginase) was docked inside the binding pocket of P. lilacinum and S. flexneri. Docking score for the most common substrate l-asparagine is -6.188 (P. lilacinum), -5.576 (S. flexneri) which is quite good. Moreover, the chemical property of the binding pocket revealed that amino acid residues Phe 243, Gln 260, Gly 365, Asp 386 in P. lilacinum and residues Asp 181, Thr 318, Asn 320 in S. flexneri have an important role in H-bonding. The in silico results supports and strengthen the wet lab results. The outcome obtained motivates to take the present study result from lab to industry for the economic / massive production of this enzyme for the diverse therapeutic application.
28110669	0	8	In vitro	T080	C1533691
28110669	9	18	screening	T059	C0807878
28110669	23	32	in silico	T066	C3489666
28110669	33	43	validation	T062	C1519941
28110669	57	65	microbes	T001	C0445623
28110669	70	76	higher	T080	C0205250
28110669	77	87	production	T057	C0033268
28110669	103	121	therapeutic enzyme	T121	C0872370
28110669	122	136	l-asparaginase	T116,T121,T126	C0003993
28110669	137	151	l-asparaginase	T116,T121,T126	C0003993
28110669	158	164	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28110669	168	175	medical	T169	C0205476
28110669	176	186	prominence	T080	C3898777
28110669	206	228	chemotherapeutic agent	T121	C0729502
28110669	250	259	potential	T080	C3245505
28110669	263	267	cure	T077	C1880198
28110669	268	278	autoimmune	T047	C0004364
28110669	283	302	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
28110669	313	324	application	T169	C4048755
28110669	333	339	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28110669	343	360	healthcare sector	T078	C0525053
28110669	361	370	increases	T169	C0442805
28110669	375	381	market	T169	C0680164
28110669	382	388	demand	T078	C0699784
28110669	418	424	market	T169	C0680164
28110669	425	431	demand	T078	C0699784
28110669	509	526	microbial strains	T001	C0445623
28110669	558	564	demand	T078	C0699784
28110669	584	602	therapeutic enzyme	T121	C0872370
28110669	616	621	study	T062	C2603343
28110669	648	657	screening	T059	C0807878
28110669	668	682	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28110669	693	707	l-asparaginase	T116,T121,T126	C0003993
28110669	712	726	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28110669	732	740	screened	T059	C0807878
28110669	751	759	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28110669	761	766	fungi	T004	C0016832
28110669	772	778	yeasts	T004	C0043393
28110669	791	812	Penicillium lilacinum	T004	C0260109
28110669	832	847	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
28110669	867	884	Shigella flexneri	T007	C0036957
28110669	904	919	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
28110669	943	959	bacterial strain	T007	C0004611
28110669	982	995	3-D structure	T082	C0026377
28110669	999	1013	l-asparaginase	T116,T121,T126	C0003993
28110669	1026	1042	producer strains	T001	C1518614
28110669	1061	1070	validated	T062	C1519941
28110669	1071	1080	in silico	T066	C3489666
28110669	1089	1097	activity	T044	C0243102
28110669	1099	1111	l-asparagine	T116,T123	C0003995
28110669	1113	1122	substrate	T167	C3891814
28110669	1127	1141	l-asparaginase	T116,T121,T126	C0003993
28110669	1147	1153	docked	T044	C1522290
28110669	1165	1179	binding pocket	T192	C0005456
28110669	1183	1195	P. lilacinum	T004	C0260109
28110669	1200	1211	S. flexneri	T007	C0036957
28110669	1213	1220	Docking	T044	C1522290
28110669	1221	1226	score	T081	C0449820
28110669	1247	1256	substrate	T167	C3891814
28110669	1257	1269	l-asparagine	T116,T123	C0003995
28110669	1281	1293	P. lilacinum	T004	C0260109
28110669	1304	1315	S. flexneri	T007	C0036957
28110669	1352	1369	chemical property	T070	C0243178
28110669	1377	1391	binding pocket	T192	C0005456
28110669	1406	1425	amino acid residues	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28110669	1426	1429	Phe	T116,T121,T123	C0031453
28110669	1435	1438	Gln	T116,T121,T123	C0017797
28110669	1444	1447	Gly	T116,T121,T123	C0017890
28110669	1453	1456	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
28110669	1464	1476	P. lilacinum	T004	C0260109
28110669	1481	1489	residues	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28110669	1490	1493	Asp	T116,T123	C0004015
28110669	1499	1502	Thr	T116,T121,T123	C0040005
28110669	1508	1511	Asn	T116,T123	C0003995
28110669	1519	1530	S. flexneri	T007	C0036957
28110669	1557	1566	H-bonding	T070	C0020276
28110669	1572	1581	in silico	T066	C3489666
28110669	1582	1589	results	T169	C1274040
28110669	1618	1625	wet lab	T073,T093	C0022877
28110669	1626	1633	results	T169	C1274040
28110669	1639	1646	outcome	T169	C1274040
28110669	1686	1691	study	T062	C2603343
28110669	1692	1698	result	T169	C1274040
28110669	1704	1707	lab	T073,T093	C0022877
28110669	1711	1719	industry	T057	C0021267
28110669	1728	1736	economic	T169	C0013557
28110669	1739	1746	massive	T080	C0522501
28110669	1747	1757	production	T057	C0033268
28110669	1766	1772	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28110669	1781	1788	diverse	T080	C1880371
28110669	1789	1800	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28110669	1801	1812	application	T169	C4048755

28110694|t|Tourette syndrome in the context of evolution and behavioral ecology
28110694|a|Tourette syndrome, and the closely related spectrum of tic disorders, are inherited neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by the presence of repetitive and stereotyped movements. Tics are elicited by either environmental experiences or internal signals that instruct the basal ganglia to initiate automatic or procedural movements. In most vertebrates the basal ganglia encode instructions for habitually used sequences of motor movements that are essential to survival. Tic disorders may represent evolved phenotypes with a lower threshold for basal ganglia -directed actions. This may have produced a susceptibility to extraneous tics, but also produced fast-acting tactical solutions to immediate physical problems. During periods of nonstop movement, continual foraging, and sustained vigilance, it may have been advantageous to allow subcortical motor commands to intrude into ongoing motor activities. It is clear that the engrams for individual motor responses held in the basal ganglia are selected by converging cortical and subcortical inputs. This form of convergent action selection results in the selection of the most contextually reinforced actions. Today people with Tourette's have tics that seem arbitrary and inappropriate; however, this may be due to the vast discrepancies in reinforcement between the ancestral environment and the modern one. In prehistoric environments, the motor behaviors of individuals with tic disorders may have been appropriate in environmental context, and had ecological relevance in survival and self-promotion.
28110694	0	17	Tourette syndrome	T047	C0040517
28110694	36	45	evolution	T045	C0015219
28110694	50	68	behavioral ecology	T090	C0870195
28110694	69	86	Tourette syndrome	T047	C0040517
28110694	124	137	tic disorders	T047	C0751554
28110694	143	152	inherited	T169	C0439660
28110694	153	180	neuropsychiatric conditions	T184	C4285807
28110694	181	194	characterized	T052	C1880022
28110694	202	210	presence	T033	C0150312
28110694	214	224	repetitive	T201	C1718274
28110694	229	250	stereotyped movements	T048	C0038271
28110694	252	256	Tics	T184	C2169806
28110694	261	272	elicited by	T080	C0449265
28110694	280	305	environmental experiences	T033	C1821459
28110694	309	317	internal	T082	C0205102
28110694	318	325	signals	T043	C0037083
28110694	344	357	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
28110694	361	369	initiate	T169	C1704686
28110694	370	403	automatic or procedural movements	T040	C0026649
28110694	413	424	vertebrates	T010	C0042567
28110694	429	442	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
28110694	443	449	encode	T052	C2700640
28110694	467	477	habitually	T079	C0205353
28110694	483	492	sequences	T169	C1519249
28110694	496	511	motor movements	T169	C1513492
28110694	521	530	essential	T080	C0205224
28110694	534	542	survival	T169	C0220921
28110694	544	557	Tic disorders	T047	C0751554
28110694	572	579	evolved	T169	C0332253
28110694	580	590	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28110694	604	613	threshold	T080	C0449864
28110694	618	631	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
28110694	642	649	actions	T052	C3266814
28110694	676	690	susceptibility	T032	C0220898
28110694	694	704	extraneous	T082	C0205101
28110694	705	709	tics	T184	C2169806
28110694	729	740	fast-acting	T169	C0205245
28110694	741	759	tactical solutions	T077	C2699488
28110694	773	790	physical problems	T033	C1446390
28110694	810	826	nonstop movement	T040	C0026649
28110694	828	837	continual	T079	C0439598
28110694	838	846	foraging	T055	C2752984
28110694	852	861	sustained	T169	C0443318
28110694	862	871	vigilance	T041	C0043012
28110694	912	923	subcortical	T029	C0815275
28110694	924	938	motor commands	T041	C0599907
28110694	963	979	motor activities	T169	C1513492
28110694	1002	1009	engrams	T041	C0870873
28110694	1025	1040	motor responses	T201	C1285623
28110694	1053	1066	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
28110694	1083	1093	converging	T052	C2700387
28110694	1094	1102	cortical	T023	C0007776
28110694	1107	1118	subcortical	T029	C0815275
28110694	1119	1125	inputs	T077	C1708517
28110694	1140	1150	convergent	T052	C2700387
28110694	1151	1157	action	T052	C3266814
28110694	1158	1167	selection	T052	C1707391
28110694	1183	1192	selection	T052	C1707391
28110694	1205	1217	contextually	T041	C0237482
28110694	1218	1228	reinforced	T078	C0035011
28110694	1229	1236	actions	T052	C3266814
28110694	1244	1250	people	T098	C0027361
28110694	1256	1266	Tourette's	T047	C0040517
28110694	1272	1276	tics	T184	C2169806
28110694	1287	1296	arbitrary	T080	C1264693
28110694	1301	1314	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
28110694	1348	1366	vast discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28110694	1370	1383	reinforcement	T041	C0035007
28110694	1396	1417	ancestral environment	T082	C0014406
28110694	1441	1465	prehistoric environments	T082	C0014406
28110694	1471	1486	motor behaviors	T040	C4085668
28110694	1490	1501	individuals	T098	C0027361
28110694	1507	1520	tic disorders	T047	C0751554
28110694	1535	1546	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28110694	1550	1571	environmental context	UnknownType	C0683581
28110694	1581	1591	ecological	T082	C0565987
28110694	1592	1601	relevance	T080	C2347946
28110694	1605	1613	survival	T169	C0220921
28110694	1618	1632	self-promotion	T052	C0033414

28110936|t|Physical Activity and Abnormal Blood Glucose Among Healthy Weight Adults
28110936|a|Physical activity has been linked to prevention and treatment of prediabetes and diabetes in overweight and obese adults. This study examines the relationship between low physical activity levels and risk of abnormal blood glucose (prediabetes or undiagnosed diabetes) in healthy weight adults. Data from the 2014 Health Survey for England were analyzed in July 2016, focusing on adults with a BMI ≥18.5 and <25 who had never been diagnosed with diabetes (N=1,153). Abnormal blood glucose was defined as hemoglobin A1c ≥5.7. Physical activity was measured through the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Bivariate analyses and Poisson models were conducted on the effect of physical activity on abnormal blood glucose, controlling for age, sex, waist to hip ratio, sitting time, age X physical activity interaction, sex X physical activity, and race. Abnormal blood glucose was detected in 23.7% of individuals with low activity levels, 14.8% of those with medium activity levels, and 12.2% of those with high activity levels (p<0.003). Similarly, 25.4% of inactive individuals (physically active for <30 minutes per week) were more likely to have abnormal blood glucose levels than active individuals (13.4%, p<0.0001). Higher physical activity was associated with a lower likelihood of abnormal blood glucose in an adjusted Poisson regression. Among healthy weight adults, low physical activity levels are significantly associated with abnormal blood glucose (prediabetes and undiagnosed diabetes). These findings suggest that healthy weight individuals may benefit from physical exercise.
28110936	0	17	Physical Activity	T056	C0026606
28110936	22	44	Abnormal Blood Glucose	T033	C0580546
28110936	51	65	Healthy Weight	T032	C0005910
28110936	66	72	Adults	T100	C0001675
28110936	73	90	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
28110936	110	120	prevention	T061	C0679698
28110936	125	134	treatment	T061	C0087111
28110936	138	149	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
28110936	154	162	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28110936	166	186	overweight and obese	T047	C1561826
28110936	187	193	adults	T100	C0001675
28110936	219	231	relationship	T080	C0439849
28110936	244	261	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28110936	273	277	risk	T078	C0035647
28110936	281	303	abnormal blood glucose	T033	C0580546
28110936	305	316	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
28110936	320	331	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
28110936	332	340	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28110936	345	359	healthy weight	T032	C0005910
28110936	360	366	adults	T100	C0001675
28110936	368	372	Data	T170	C0150098
28110936	387	412	Health Survey for England	T093	C1708333
28110936	453	459	adults	T100	C0001675
28110936	467	470	BMI	T201	C1305855
28110936	504	513	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28110936	519	527	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28110936	539	561	Abnormal blood glucose	T033	C0580546
28110936	577	591	hemoglobin A1c	T059	C0202054
28110936	598	615	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
28110936	620	628	measured	T080	C0444706
28110936	641	686	International Physical Activity Questionnaire	T170	C4264334
28110936	688	706	Bivariate analyses	UnknownType	C0681927
28110936	711	725	Poisson models	T170	C0282574
28110936	758	775	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28110936	779	801	abnormal blood glucose	T033	C0580546
28110936	803	814	controlling	T067	C2239193
28110936	819	822	age	T032	C0001779
28110936	824	827	sex	T032	C0079399
28110936	829	847	waist to hip ratio	T032	C0205682
28110936	849	861	sitting time	T079	C1948053
28110936	863	866	age	T032	C0001779
28110936	869	886	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28110936	887	898	interaction	T169	C1704675
28110936	900	903	sex	T032	C0079399
28110936	906	923	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28110936	929	933	race	T098	C0034510
28110936	935	957	Abnormal blood glucose	T033	C0580546
28110936	983	994	individuals	T098	C0027361
28110936	1000	1003	low	T081	C1611820
28110936	1004	1019	activity levels	T033	C0683317
28110936	1041	1047	medium	T081	C0439536
28110936	1048	1063	activity levels	T033	C0683317
28110936	1089	1093	high	T080	C0205250
28110936	1094	1109	activity levels	T033	C0683317
28110936	1141	1149	inactive	T056	C3890554
28110936	1150	1161	individuals	T098	C0027361
28110936	1163	1180	physically active	T033	C0556453
28110936	1232	1261	abnormal blood glucose levels	T033	C0580546
28110936	1274	1285	individuals	T098	C0027361
28110936	1305	1311	Higher	T080	C0205250
28110936	1312	1329	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28110936	1372	1394	abnormal blood glucose	T033	C0580546
28110936	1410	1428	Poisson regression	T170	C0034980
28110936	1436	1450	healthy weight	T032	C0005910
28110936	1451	1457	adults	T100	C0001675
28110936	1459	1462	low	T081	C1611820
28110936	1463	1480	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28110936	1506	1521	associated with	T080	C0332281
28110936	1522	1544	abnormal blood glucose	T033	C0580546
28110936	1546	1557	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
28110936	1562	1573	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
28110936	1574	1582	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28110936	1591	1599	findings	T033	C0243095
28110936	1613	1627	healthy weight	T032	C0005910
28110936	1628	1639	individuals	T098	C0027361
28110936	1657	1674	physical exercise	T056	C0015259

28110975|t|A prospective study of health-related quality-of-life outcomes for patients with low-risk prostate cancer managed by active surveillance or radiation therapy
28110975|a|Patients with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) often have excellent oncologic outcomes. However, treatment with curative intent can lead to decrements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patients treated with radical prostatectomy have been shown to suffer declines in urinary and sexual HRQoL as compared to those managed with active surveillance (AS). Similarly, patients treated with external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) are hypothesized to experience greater declines in bowel HRQoL. As health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) concerns are paramount when selecting among treatment options for low-risk PCa, this study examined HRQoL outcomes in men undergoing EBRT as compared to AS in a prospective, racially diverse cohort. A prospective study of HRQoL in patients with PCa enrolled in the Center for Prostate Disease Research (CPDR) Multicenter National Database was initiated in 2007. The current study included patients diagnosed through April 2014. HRQoL was assessed with the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-36). Temporal changes in HRQoL were compared for patients with low-risk PCa managed on AS vs. EBRT at baseline, 1-, 2-, and 3 years post- PCa diagnosis. Longitudinal patterns were modeled using linear regression models fitted with generalized estimating equations (GEE), adjusting for baseline HRQoL, demographic, and clinical patient characteristics. Of the 499 eligible patients with low-risk PCa, 103 (21%) selected AS and 60 (12%) were treated with EBRT. Demographic characteristics of the treatment groups were similar, though a greater proportion of patients in the EBRT group were African American (P = 0.0003). At baseline, both treatment groups reported comparable HRQoL. EBRT patients experienced significantly worse bowel function and bother at 1 year (adjusted mean score: 87 vs. 95, P = 0.001 and 89 vs. 95, P = 0.008, respectively) and 2 years (87 vs. 93, P = 0.007 and 87 vs. 96, P = 0.002, respectively) compared to patients managed on AS. In contrast to those on AS, more than half the number of patients who received EBRT experienced a decline in bowel function (52% vs. 17%, p=0.003) and bother (52% vs. 15%, P = 0.002) from baseline to 1 year. Patients who received EBRT were significantly more likely to experience a decrease in more than one functional domain (urinary, sexual, bowel, or hormonal) at 1 year when compared with those on AS (60% vs. 28%, P = 0.004). Patients receiving EBRT for low-risk prostate cancer suffer declines in bowel HRQoL. These declines are not experienced by patients on AS, suggesting that management of low-risk prostate cancer with AS may offer a means for preserving HRQoL following prostate cancer diagnosis.
28110975	2	19	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28110975	23	53	health-related quality-of-life	T078	C4279947
28110975	54	62	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28110975	67	75	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	81	89	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28110975	90	105	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28110975	117	136	active surveillance	T058	C1827061
28110975	140	157	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
28110975	158	166	Patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	172	180	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28110975	181	196	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28110975	198	201	PCa	T191	C0376358
28110975	224	233	oncologic	T191	C0027651
28110975	234	242	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28110975	253	262	treatment	T061	C0087111
28110975	268	276	curative	T077	C1880198
28110975	277	283	intent	T080	C1283828
28110975	310	340	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
28110975	342	347	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	350	358	Patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	359	371	treated with	T061	C0332293
28110975	372	393	radical prostatectomy	T061	C0194810
28110975	432	439	urinary	T080	C1524119
28110975	444	450	sexual	T040	C0009253
28110975	451	456	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	491	510	active surveillance	T058	C1827061
28110975	512	514	AS	T058	C1827061
28110975	528	536	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	537	549	treated with	T061	C0332293
28110975	550	581	external-beam radiation therapy	T061	C1517033
28110975	583	587	EBRT	T061	C1517033
28110975	593	605	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28110975	640	645	bowel	T023	C0021853
28110975	646	651	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	656	686	health-related quality-of-life	T078	C4279947
28110975	688	693	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	688	693	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	739	748	treatment	T061	C0087111
28110975	761	769	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28110975	770	773	PCa	T191	C0376358
28110975	780	785	study	T062	C2603343
28110975	786	794	examined	T033	C0332128
28110975	795	800	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	801	809	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28110975	828	832	EBRT	T061	C1517033
28110975	848	850	AS	T058	C1827061
28110975	878	885	diverse	T080	C1880371
28110975	886	892	cohort	T098	C0599755
28110975	896	913	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28110975	917	922	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	926	934	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	940	943	PCa	T191	C0376358
28110975	960	996	Center for Prostate Disease Research	T073,T092	C0683939
28110975	998	1002	CPDR	T073,T092	C0683939
28110975	1004	1033	Multicenter National Database	T170	C0242356
28110975	1069	1074	study	T062	C2603343
28110975	1084	1092	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	1093	1102	diagnosed	T062	C1704656
28110975	1123	1128	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	1133	1141	assessed	T052	C1516048
28110975	1151	1191	Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite	T170	C3810535
28110975	1193	1197	EPIC	T170	C3810535
28110975	1207	1240	Medical Outcomes Study Short Form	T170	C0451287
28110975	1242	1247	SF-36	T170	C0451287
28110975	1250	1258	Temporal	T079	C0205374
28110975	1270	1275	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	1294	1302	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	1308	1316	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28110975	1317	1320	PCa	T191	C0376358
28110975	1332	1334	AS	T058	C1827061
28110975	1339	1343	EBRT	T061	C1517033
28110975	1347	1355	baseline	T081	C1442488
28110975	1371	1376	years	T079	C0439234
28110975	1383	1386	PCa	T191	C0376358
28110975	1387	1396	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28110975	1398	1419	Longitudinal patterns	T062	C0023981
28110975	1439	1463	linear regression models	T081	C0023732
28110975	1476	1508	generalized estimating equations	T077	C0552449
28110975	1510	1513	GEE	T077	C0552449
28110975	1530	1538	baseline	T081	C1442488
28110975	1539	1544	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	1546	1557	demographic	T062	C0011289
28110975	1563	1571	clinical	T080	C0205210
28110975	1572	1579	patient	T101	C0030705
28110975	1580	1595	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28110975	1617	1625	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	1631	1639	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28110975	1640	1643	PCa	T191	C0376358
28110975	1664	1666	AS	T058	C1827061
28110975	1685	1697	treated with	T061	C0332293
28110975	1698	1702	EBRT	T061	C1517033
28110975	1704	1731	Demographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28110975	1739	1748	treatment	T061	C0087111
28110975	1749	1755	groups	T098	C1257890
28110975	1801	1809	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	1817	1821	EBRT	T061	C1517033
28110975	1822	1827	group	T098	C1257890
28110975	1833	1849	African American	T098	C0085756
28110975	1867	1875	baseline	T081	C1442488
28110975	1882	1891	treatment	T061	C0087111
28110975	1892	1898	groups	T098	C1257890
28110975	1919	1924	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	1926	1930	EBRT	T061	C1517033
28110975	1931	1939	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	1952	1965	significantly	T078	C0750502
28110975	1972	1986	bowel function	T040	C0011135
28110975	2003	2007	year	T079	C0439234
28110975	2018	2028	mean score	T033	C3533236
28110975	2097	2102	years	T079	C0439234
28110975	2177	2185	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	2197	2199	AS	T058	C1827061
28110975	2225	2227	AS	T058	C1827061
28110975	2258	2266	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	2280	2284	EBRT	T061	C1517033
28110975	2310	2324	bowel function	T040	C0011135
28110975	2389	2397	baseline	T081	C1442488
28110975	2403	2407	year	T079	C0439234
28110975	2409	2417	Patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	2431	2435	EBRT	T061	C1517033
28110975	2441	2454	significantly	T078	C0750502
28110975	2528	2535	urinary	T080	C1524119
28110975	2537	2543	sexual	T040	C0009253
28110975	2545	2550	bowel	T023	C0021853
28110975	2555	2563	hormonal	T080	C0458083
28110975	2570	2574	year	T079	C0439234
28110975	2603	2605	AS	T058	C1827061
28110975	2632	2640	Patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	2651	2655	EBRT	T061	C1517033
28110975	2660	2668	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28110975	2669	2684	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28110975	2704	2709	bowel	T023	C0021853
28110975	2710	2715	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	2755	2763	patients	T101	C0030705
28110975	2767	2769	AS	T058	C1827061
28110975	2801	2809	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28110975	2810	2825	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28110975	2831	2833	AS	T058	C1827061
28110975	2867	2872	HRQoL	T078	C4279947
28110975	2883	2898	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28110975	2899	2908	diagnosis	T033	C0011900

28111056|t|Increased morbidity, mortality and length of in-hospital stay for patients with acute coronary syndrome with pre-morbid psychiatric diagnoses
28111056|a|Psychiatric and cardiac comorbidities form the top two budget categories for health systems in high - income countries with evidence that psychiatric pre-morbidities lead to worse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). There are no studies examining this relationship in a national multicentre population level study in the UK, and no studies examining their impact on length of in-hospital stay (LoS) in ACS. Recognizing at-risk populations and reducing LoS in ACS is an essential part of improving patient care and cost-effectiveness. We investigated the impact of psychiatric diagnoses on morbidity, all-cause mortality and LoS amongst 57,668 ACS patients between Jan -2004 and Dec -2014 using the Secure-Anonymized-Information-Linkage (SAIL) databank. Demographics, admissions, cardiac and psychiatric comorbidities were identified using coded data. There were a total of 3857 out of 57,668 patients who had a pre-morbid psychiatric diagnosis. The mean LoS in patients without psychiatric comorbidities was 9.78 days (95% CI: 9.66-9.91). This was higher (p<0.01) in the presence of any psychiatric diagnosis (14.72), dementia (20.87), schizophrenia (15.67), and mood disorders (13.41). Patients with psychiatric comorbidities had worse net adverse cardiac events (HR 1.18, 95% CI: 1.16-1.21) and mortality rates (HR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.23-1.30). Our results demonstrate that psychiatric comorbidities have a significant and clinically important impact on morbidity, mortality and LoS in ACS patients in Wales, UK. Clinicians ' awareness and active management of psychiatric conditions amongst ACS patients is needed to reduce poor outcomes and LoS and ultimately the risk for patients and financial burden for the health-service.
28111056	10	19	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28111056	21	30	mortality	T081	C0205848
28111056	35	61	length of in-hospital stay	T079	C0023303
28111056	66	74	patients	T101	C0030705
28111056	80	103	acute coronary syndrome	T047	C0948089
28111056	109	119	pre-morbid	T079	C1254367
28111056	120	141	psychiatric diagnoses	T048	C0376338
28111056	142	153	Psychiatric	T169	C0205487
28111056	158	165	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28111056	166	179	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28111056	193	196	two	T081	C0205448
28111056	197	203	budget	T170	C0006347
28111056	204	214	categories	T170	C0683312
28111056	219	233	health systems	T064	C1456613
28111056	237	241	high	T080	C0205250
28111056	244	250	income	T081	C0021162
28111056	251	260	countries	T083	C0454664
28111056	280	291	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
28111056	292	307	pre-morbidities	T079	C1254367
28111056	334	342	patients	T101	C0030705
28111056	348	371	acute coronary syndrome	T047	C0948089
28111056	373	376	ACS	T047	C0948089
28111056	415	427	relationship	T080	C0439849
28111056	433	476	national multicentre population level study	T170	C0282574
28111056	484	486	UK	T083	C0041700
28111056	529	555	length of in-hospital stay	T079	C0023303
28111056	557	560	LoS	T079	C0023303
28111056	565	568	ACS	T047	C0948089
28111056	582	589	at-risk	T080	C1444641
28111056	590	601	populations	T098	C1257890
28111056	615	618	LoS	T079	C0023303
28111056	622	625	ACS	T047	C0948089
28111056	660	672	patient care	T058	C0017313
28111056	677	695	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
28111056	727	748	psychiatric diagnoses	T048	C0376338
28111056	752	761	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28111056	773	782	mortality	T081	C0205848
28111056	787	790	LoS	T079	C0023303
28111056	806	809	ACS	T047	C0948089
28111056	810	818	patients	T101	C0030705
28111056	827	830	Jan	T080	C3829466
28111056	841	844	Dec	T080	C3830550
28111056	861	898	Secure-Anonymized-Information-Linkage	T170	C0282574
28111056	900	904	SAIL	T170	C0282574
28111056	906	914	databank	T170	C0242356
28111056	916	928	Demographics	T090	C0011298
28111056	930	940	admissions	T058	C0809949
28111056	942	949	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28111056	954	965	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
28111056	966	979	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28111056	1055	1063	patients	T101	C0030705
28111056	1074	1084	pre-morbid	T079	C1254367
28111056	1085	1106	psychiatric diagnosis	T048	C0376338
28111056	1117	1120	LoS	T079	C0023303
28111056	1124	1132	patients	T101	C0030705
28111056	1141	1152	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
28111056	1153	1166	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28111056	1176	1180	days	T079	C0439228
28111056	1186	1188	CI	T081	C0009667
28111056	1250	1271	psychiatric diagnosis	T048	C0376338
28111056	1281	1289	dementia	T048	C0497327
28111056	1299	1312	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28111056	1326	1340	mood disorders	T048	C0525045
28111056	1350	1358	Patients	T101	C0030705
28111056	1364	1375	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
28111056	1376	1389	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28111056	1412	1426	cardiac events	T047	C0741923
28111056	1428	1430	HR	T081	C2985465
28111056	1441	1443	CI	T081	C0009667
28111056	1460	1475	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
28111056	1477	1479	HR	T081	C2985465
28111056	1490	1492	CI	T081	C0009667
28111056	1535	1546	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
28111056	1547	1560	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28111056	1584	1594	clinically	T080	C0205210
28111056	1615	1624	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28111056	1626	1635	mortality	T081	C0205848
28111056	1640	1643	LoS	T079	C0023303
28111056	1647	1650	ACS	T047	C0948089
28111056	1651	1659	patients	T101	C0030705
28111056	1663	1668	Wales	T083	C0043015
28111056	1670	1672	UK	T083	C0041700
28111056	1674	1684	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
28111056	1687	1696	awareness	T041	C0004448
28111056	1722	1733	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
28111056	1734	1744	conditions	T080	C0348080
28111056	1753	1756	ACS	T047	C0948089
28111056	1757	1765	patients	T101	C0030705
28111056	1791	1799	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28111056	1804	1807	LoS	T079	C0023303
28111056	1836	1844	patients	T101	C0030705
28111056	1874	1888	health-service	T058	C0018747

28111379|t|Knocking down TCF8 inhibits high glucose - and angiotensin II - induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition in podocytes
28111379|a|Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological phenomenon in mammalian embryogenesis by which epithelial cells become mesenchymal stem cells. Studies have indicated that an inappropriate EMT plays a key role in a variety of pathogenic processes such as embryonic development and tumor metastasis. Moreover, recent studies have indicated EMT also plays an important role in renal fibrosis. In the current study, glucose and angiotensin II promoted EMT in podocytes as well as changes in the cellular morphology of podocytes. A high concentration of glucose and angiotensin II also promoted podocyte movement and migration. Moreover, a high concentration of glucose and angiotensin II promoted TCF8 expression. Inhibiting TCF8 expression with siRNA reversed EMT in podocytes in the presence of a high concentration of glucose and angiotensin. Inhibiting TCF8 expression also reversed changes in cellular morphology and podocyte movement and migration. Therefore, glucose and angiotensin II may promote EMT in podocytes via TCF8.
28111379	0	13	Knocking down	T063	C2350567
28111379	14	18	TCF8	T028	C1420645
28111379	28	40	high glucose	T033	C0860803
28111379	47	61	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
28111379	64	71	induced	T169	C0205263
28111379	72	108	epithelial to mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
28111379	112	121	podocytes	T025	C1328818
28111379	122	158	Epithelial to mesenchymal transition	T043	C1523298
28111379	160	163	EMT	T043	C1523298
28111379	170	194	physiological phenomenon	T039	C2350828
28111379	198	207	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28111379	208	221	embryogenesis	T042	C0013936
28111379	231	247	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
28111379	255	277	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28111379	324	327	EMT	T043	C1523298
28111379	361	371	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
28111379	372	381	processes	T067	C1522240
28111379	390	411	embryonic development	T042	C0013936
28111379	416	432	tumor metastasis	T191	C0027627
28111379	474	477	EMT	T043	C1523298
28111379	510	524	renal fibrosis	T047	C0151650
28111379	548	555	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28111379	560	574	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
28111379	584	587	EMT	T043	C1523298
28111379	591	600	podocytes	T025	C1328818
28111379	627	646	cellular morphology	T201	C1521816
28111379	650	659	podocytes	T025	C1328818
28111379	663	667	high	T080	C0205250
28111379	668	681	concentration	T081	C1446561
28111379	685	692	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28111379	697	711	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
28111379	726	734	podocyte	T025	C1328818
28111379	735	743	movement	T040	C1621968
28111379	748	757	migration	T043	C1622501
28111379	771	775	high	T080	C0205250
28111379	776	789	concentration	T081	C1446561
28111379	793	800	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28111379	805	819	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
28111379	829	833	TCF8	T028	C1420645
28111379	834	844	expression	T045	C0017262
28111379	846	856	Inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28111379	857	861	TCF8	T028	C1420645
28111379	862	872	expression	T045	C0017262
28111379	878	883	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28111379	893	896	EMT	T043	C1523298
28111379	900	909	podocytes	T025	C1328818
28111379	931	935	high	T080	C0205250
28111379	936	949	concentration	T081	C1446561
28111379	953	960	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28111379	965	976	angiotensin	T116,T121,T123	C0003018
28111379	978	988	Inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28111379	989	993	TCF8	T028	C1420645
28111379	994	1004	expression	T045	C0017262
28111379	1030	1049	cellular morphology	T201	C1521816
28111379	1054	1062	podocyte	T025	C1328818
28111379	1063	1071	movement	T040	C1621968
28111379	1076	1085	migration	T043	C1622501
28111379	1098	1105	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28111379	1110	1124	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
28111379	1137	1140	EMT	T043	C1523298
28111379	1144	1153	podocytes	T025	C1328818
28111379	1158	1162	TCF8	T028	C1420645

28111709|t|The Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Cell Apoptosis and the Mechanism of Human Lung BEAS-2B Cells In Vitro
28111709|a|Sodium fluoride (NaF) is a source of fluoride ions used in many applications. Previous studies found that NaF suppressed the proliferation of osteoblast MC3T3 E1 cells and induced the apoptosis of chondrocytes. However, little is known about the effects of NaF on human lung BEAS-2B cells. Therefore, we investigated the mode of cell death induced by NaF and its underlying molecular mechanisms. BEAS-2B cells were treated with NaF at concentrations of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mmol/L. Cell viability decreased and apoptotic cells significantly increased as concentrations of NaF increased over specific periods of time. The IC50 of NaF was 1.9 and 0.9 mM after 24 and 48 h, respectively. The rates of apoptosis increased from 4.8 to 37.7% after NaF exposure. HE staining, electron microscopy, and single cell gel electrophoresis revealed that morphological changes of apoptosis increased with exposure concentrations. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the apoptotic pathways. The expressions of bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, p53, and the cytoplasmic CytC of the NaF groups increased, while bcl-2 and mitochondrial CytC decreased compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05). Further, the fluorescence intensities of ROS in the NaF groups were higher than those in the control group, and the membrane potential of mitochondria in the NaF group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that NaF induced apoptosis in the BEAS-2B cells through mitochondria -mediated signal pathways. Our study provides the theoretical foundation and experimental basis for exploring the mechanisms of human lung epithelial cell damage and cytotoxicity induced by fluorine.
28111709	4	10	Effect	T080	C1280500
28111709	14	29	Sodium Fluoride	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	33	37	Cell	T025	C0007634
28111709	38	47	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28111709	56	65	Mechanism	T044	C1148560
28111709	69	74	Human	T016	C0086418
28111709	75	79	Lung	T023	C0024109
28111709	80	93	BEAS-2B Cells	T025	C0014597
28111709	94	102	In Vitro	T080	C1533691
28111709	103	118	Sodium fluoride	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	120	123	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	140	153	fluoride ions	T196	C0677517
28111709	190	197	studies	T062	C2603343
28111709	209	212	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	213	223	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28111709	228	241	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28111709	245	255	osteoblast	T025	C0029418
28111709	256	270	MC3T3 E1 cells	T025	C0029418
28111709	275	282	induced	T169	C0205263
28111709	287	296	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28111709	300	312	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28111709	349	356	effects	T080	C1280500
28111709	360	363	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	367	372	human	T016	C0086418
28111709	373	377	lung	T023	C0024109
28111709	378	391	BEAS-2B cells	T025	C0014597
28111709	407	419	investigated	T169	C1292732
28111709	424	428	mode	T169	C1513371
28111709	432	442	cell death	T043	C0007587
28111709	443	450	induced	T169	C0205263
28111709	454	457	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	477	497	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1148560
28111709	499	512	BEAS-2B cells	T025	C0014597
28111709	518	525	treated	T169	C1522326
28111709	531	534	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	538	552	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28111709	596	610	Cell viability	T043	C0007620
28111709	611	620	decreased	T081	C0205216
28111709	625	634	apoptotic	T043	C0162638
28111709	635	640	cells	T025	C0007634
28111709	655	664	increased	T081	C0205217
28111709	668	682	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28111709	686	689	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	690	699	increased	T081	C0205217
28111709	714	721	periods	T079	C1948053
28111709	725	729	time	T079	C0040223
28111709	735	739	IC50	T081	C0600495
28111709	743	746	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	782	783	h	T079	C0439227
28111709	803	808	rates	T081	C1521828
28111709	812	821	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28111709	822	831	increased	T081	C0205217
28111709	856	859	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	870	881	HE staining	T059	C0523207
28111709	883	902	electron microscopy	T059	C0026019
28111709	908	939	single cell gel electrophoresis	T063	C0751980
28111709	954	967	morphological	T080	C0332437
28111709	968	975	changes	T169	C0392747
28111709	979	988	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28111709	989	998	increased	T081	C0205217
28111709	1013	1027	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28111709	1029	1035	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28111709	1040	1056	Western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28111709	1081	1099	apoptotic pathways	T044	C1704259
28111709	1105	1116	expressions	T045	C1171362
28111709	1120	1123	bax	T116,T123	C0219474
28111709	1125	1134	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
28111709	1136	1145	caspase-9	T116,T126	C0910167
28111709	1147	1150	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28111709	1160	1171	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
28111709	1172	1176	CytC	T116,T126	C0010749
28111709	1184	1187	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	1195	1204	increased	T081	C0205217
28111709	1212	1217	bcl-2	T116	C4042483
28111709	1222	1235	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28111709	1236	1240	CytC	T116,T126	C0010749
28111709	1241	1250	decreased	T081	C0205216
28111709	1251	1259	compared	T052	C1707455
28111709	1277	1290	control group	T096	C0009932
28111709	1316	1340	fluorescence intensities	T081	C0392762
28111709	1344	1347	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28111709	1355	1358	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	1396	1409	control group	T096	C0009932
28111709	1419	1437	membrane potential	T043	C0025251
28111709	1441	1453	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28111709	1461	1464	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	1512	1525	control group	T096	C0009932
28111709	1544	1552	findings	T033	C0243095
28111709	1568	1571	NaF	T122,T197	C0037508
28111709	1572	1579	induced	T169	C0205263
28111709	1580	1589	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28111709	1597	1610	BEAS-2B cells	T025	C0014597
28111709	1619	1631	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28111709	1642	1657	signal pathways	T044	C0037080
28111709	1663	1668	study	T062	C2603343
28111709	1746	1756	mechanisms	T044	C1148560
28111709	1760	1765	human	T016	C0086418
28111709	1766	1770	lung	T023	C0024109
28111709	1771	1786	epithelial cell	T025	C0014597
28111709	1787	1793	damage	T049	C0599732
28111709	1798	1810	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28111709	1811	1818	induced	T169	C0205263
28111709	1822	1830	fluorine	T123,T196	C0016330

28111820|t|An indirect method for in vivo T2 mapping of [1-(13) C] pyruvate using hyperpolarized (13) C CSI
28111820|a|An indirect method for in vivo T2 mapping of (13) C-labeled metabolites using T2 and T2 * information of water protons obtained a priori is proposed. The T2 values of (13) C metabolites are inferred using the relationship to T2 ' of coexisting (1) H and the T2 * of (13) C metabolites, which is measured using routine hyperpolarized (13) C CSI data. The concept is verified with phantom studies. Simulations were performed to evaluate the extent of T2 estimation accuracy due to errors in the other measurements. Also, bias in the (13) C T2 * estimation from the (13) C CSI data was studied. In vivo experiments were performed from the brains of normal rats and a rat with C6 glioma. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method provides accurate and unbiased (13) C T2 values within typical experimental settings. The in vivo studies found that the estimated T2 of [1-(13) C] pyruvate using the indirect method was longer in tumor than in normal tissues and gave values similar to previous reports. This method can estimate localized T2 relaxation times from multiple voxels using conventional hyperpolarized (13) C CSI and can potentially be used with time resolved fast CSI.
28111820	3	18	indirect method	T170	C0025663
28111820	23	30	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28111820	31	41	T2 mapping	T060	C3472340
28111820	45	64	[1-(13) C] pyruvate	T109	C0029224
28111820	71	96	hyperpolarized (13) C CSI	T059	C0242411
28111820	100	115	indirect method	T170	C0025663
28111820	120	127	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28111820	128	138	T2 mapping	T060	C3472340
28111820	142	168	(13) C-labeled metabolites	T123	C0870883
28111820	175	177	T2	T081	C2700066
28111820	182	186	T2 *	T081	C2700066
28111820	187	198	information	T078	C1533716
28111820	202	215	water protons	T196	C0033727
28111820	251	253	T2	T081	C2700066
28111820	254	260	values	T081	C1522609
28111820	264	282	(13) C metabolites	T123	C0870883
28111820	306	318	relationship	T080	C0439849
28111820	322	326	T2 '	T081	C2700066
28111820	341	346	(1) H	T123	C0870883
28111820	355	359	T2 *	T081	C2700066
28111820	363	381	(13) C metabolites	T123	C0870883
28111820	415	440	hyperpolarized (13) C CSI	T059	C0242411
28111820	441	445	data	T078	C1511726
28111820	476	491	phantom studies	T062	C2603343
28111820	493	504	Simulations	T062	C0679083
28111820	523	531	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28111820	546	548	T2	T081	C2700066
28111820	549	559	estimation	T059	C0201805
28111820	560	568	accuracy	T080	C4035952
28111820	576	582	errors	T080	C0743559
28111820	596	608	measurements	T169	C0242485
28111820	616	620	bias	T078	C0242568
28111820	628	650	(13) C T2 * estimation	T059	C0201805
28111820	660	670	(13) C CSI	T059	C0242411
28111820	671	675	data	T078	C1511726
28111820	689	708	In vivo experiments	T062	C0681829
28111820	733	739	brains	T023	C0006104
28111820	750	754	rats	T015	C0034693
28111820	761	764	rat	T015	C0034693
28111820	770	779	C6 glioma	T191	C0017638
28111820	781	791	Simulation	T062	C0679083
28111820	792	799	results	T169	C1274040
28111820	827	833	method	T170	C0025663
28111820	843	851	accurate	T080	C0443131
28111820	856	864	unbiased	T062	C1711255
28111820	865	874	(13) C T2	T081	C2700066
28111820	875	881	values	T081	C1522609
28111820	897	918	experimental settings	T062	C1510544
28111820	924	939	in vivo studies	T062	C0681829
28111820	965	967	T2	T081	C2700066
28111820	971	990	[1-(13) C] pyruvate	T109	C0029224
28111820	1001	1016	indirect method	T170	C0025663
28111820	1031	1036	tumor	T191	C0027651
28111820	1052	1059	tissues	T024	C0040300
28111820	1069	1075	values	T081	C1522609
28111820	1096	1103	reports	T170	C0684224
28111820	1110	1116	method	T170	C0025663
28111820	1121	1129	estimate	T081	C0750572
28111820	1130	1139	localized	T082	C0392752
28111820	1140	1159	T2 relaxation times	T081	C2700066
28111820	1165	1173	multiple	T081	C0439064
28111820	1174	1180	voxels	T077	C2700259
28111820	1187	1199	conventional	T080	C0439858
28111820	1200	1225	hyperpolarized (13) C CSI	T059	C0242411
28111820	1259	1281	time resolved fast CSI	T059	C0242411

28112192|t|STAC3 stably interacts through its C1 domain with CaV1.1 in skeletal muscle triads
28112192|a|The adaptor protein STAC3 is essential for skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling and a mutation in the STAC3 gene has been linked to a severe muscle disease, Native American myopathy (NAM). However the function of STAC3, its interaction partner, and the mode of interaction within the EC-coupling complex remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that STAC3 forms a stable interaction with the voltage-sensor of EC-coupling, CaV1.1, and that this interaction depends on a hitherto unidentified protein-protein binding pocket in the C1 domain of STAC3. While the NAM mutation does not affect the stability of the STAC3 - CaV1.1 interaction, mutation of two crucial residues in the C1 binding pocket increases the turnover of STAC3 in skeletal muscle triads. Thus, the C1 domain of STAC3 is responsible for its stable incorporation into the CaV1.1 complex, whereas the SH3 domain containing the NAM mutation site may be involved in low-affinity functional interactions in EC-coupling.
28112192	0	5	STAC3	T116,T123	C3713078
28112192	13	22	interacts	T044	C0872079
28112192	35	44	C1 domain	T087	C0002518
28112192	50	56	CaV1.1	T116,T123	C0006685
28112192	60	82	skeletal muscle triads	T024	C0242692
28112192	87	102	adaptor protein	T116,T123	C3713078
28112192	103	108	STAC3	T116,T123	C3713078
28112192	126	141	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28112192	142	178	excitation-contraction (EC) coupling	T039	C2717948
28112192	185	193	mutation	T045	C0026882
28112192	201	211	STAC3 gene	T028	C1539880
28112192	240	254	muscle disease	T047	C0026848
28112192	256	280	Native American myopathy	T047	C1850625
28112192	282	285	NAM	T047	C1850625
28112192	300	308	function	T169	C0542341
28112192	312	317	STAC3	T116,T123	C3713078
28112192	352	371	mode of interaction	T169	C1704675
28112192	383	394	EC-coupling	T039	C2717948
28112192	395	402	complex	T116,T123	C1180347
28112192	446	451	STAC3	T116,T123	C3713078
28112192	467	478	interaction	T044	C0872079
28112192	488	502	voltage-sensor	T116,T192	C0597357
28112192	506	517	EC-coupling	T039	C2717948
28112192	519	525	CaV1.1	T116,T123	C0006685
28112192	541	552	interaction	T044	C0872079
28112192	588	618	protein-protein binding pocket	T192	C0005456
28112192	626	635	C1 domain	T087	C0002518
28112192	639	644	STAC3	T116,T123	C3713078
28112192	656	659	NAM	T047	C1850625
28112192	660	668	mutation	T045	C0026882
28112192	689	698	stability	T044	C0314668
28112192	706	711	STAC3	T116,T123	C3713078
28112192	714	720	CaV1.1	T116,T123	C0006685
28112192	721	732	interaction	T044	C0872079
28112192	734	742	mutation	T045	C0026882
28112192	758	766	residues	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28112192	774	791	C1 binding pocket	T192	C0005456
28112192	818	823	STAC3	T116,T123	C3713078
28112192	827	849	skeletal muscle triads	T024	C0242692
28112192	861	870	C1 domain	T087	C0002518
28112192	874	879	STAC3	T116,T123	C3713078
28112192	910	923	incorporation	T169	C0243126
28112192	933	939	CaV1.1	T116,T123	C0006685
28112192	940	947	complex	T116,T123	C1180347
28112192	961	971	SH3 domain	T087	C0282535
28112192	987	990	NAM	T047	C1850625
28112192	991	999	mutation	T045	C0026882
28112192	1000	1004	site	T082	C0205145
28112192	1024	1060	low-affinity functional interactions	T044	C0872079
28112192	1064	1075	EC-coupling	T039	C2717948

28112421|t|Re-emerging of rabies in Shaanxi Province, China, 2009 to 2015
28112421|a|To explore the epidemiological, phylogeographic and migration characteristics of human rabies in Shaanxi Province, China from 2009 to 2015. The collected data were described and the sequenced glycoprotein (G) and nucleoprotein (N) genes were implemented to estimate the evolutionary rates and phylogeographic patterns using BEAST v.1.8.2. 269 rabies cases were reported and 70.26% of the cases were male and 61.71% were between the ages of 19 to 59. The majority of the cases were farmers (83.27%). The estimated evolutionary rate of the N genes was 2.4 × 10(-4) substitutions/site/year and the G genes was 3.4 × 10(-4). The time of the most recent common ancestor(TMRCA) was estimated around 1990. We detected viral migration paths from Sichuan, Guizhou and Hunan to Hanzhong prefecture of Shaanxi and then spreaded to Xi'an and other prefectures. The main population affected by rabies virus was male adult farmers. The evolution rate of rabies viruses in Shaanxi was similar with the prior results reported by others and the ancestor virus should be circulating in neighboring province Sichuan around 1990 and then transmitted to Shaanxi. Promptly standard wound treatment and timely post-exposure prophylaxis should be compulsory for the dog-bitten victims. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28112421	0	11	Re-emerging	T046	C2825055
28112421	15	21	rabies	T047	C0034494
28112421	25	48	Shaanxi Province, China	T083	C0008115
28112421	78	93	epidemiological	T091	C0014507
28112421	95	110	phylogeographic	T090	C2936603
28112421	115	124	migration	T046	C0242781
28112421	144	156	human rabies	T047	C1321098
28112421	160	183	Shaanxi Province, China	T083	C0008115
28112421	207	221	collected data	T033	C4019276
28112421	245	267	sequenced glycoprotein	T028	C0017337
28112421	269	270	G	T028	C0017337
28112421	276	289	nucleoprotein	T028	C0017337
28112421	290	299	(N) genes	T028	C0017337
28112421	333	351	evolutionary rates	T081	C1521828
28112421	356	371	phylogeographic	T090	C2936603
28112421	372	380	patterns	T082	C0449774
28112421	387	405	BEAST v.1.8.2. 269	T081	C0242196
28112421	406	418	rabies cases	T077	C1706256
28112421	451	456	cases	T077	C1706256
28112421	462	466	male	T032	C0086582
28112421	544	551	farmers	T097	C0221460
28112421	576	593	evolutionary rate	T081	C1521828
28112421	601	608	N genes	T028	C0017337
28112421	658	665	G genes	T028	C0017337
28112421	765	773	detected	T033	C0442726
28112421	774	779	viral	T169	C0521026
28112421	780	795	migration paths	T082	C0449444
28112421	801	808	Sichuan	T083	C0017446
28112421	810	817	Guizhou	T083	C0017446
28112421	822	827	Hunan	T083	C0017446
28112421	831	850	Hanzhong prefecture	T083	C1709636
28112421	854	861	Shaanxi	T083	C0017446
28112421	883	888	Xi'an	T083	C1709636
28112421	893	910	other prefectures	T083	C1709636
28112421	944	956	rabies virus	T005	C0034497
28112421	961	971	male adult	T100	C0001675
28112421	972	979	farmers	T097	C0221460
28112421	1003	1017	rabies viruses	T005	C0034497
28112421	1021	1028	Shaanxi	T083	C0017446
28112421	1091	1105	ancestor virus	T005	C0042776
28112421	1131	1159	neighboring province Sichuan	T083	C0017446
28112421	1181	1192	transmitted	T046	C0242781
28112421	1196	1203	Shaanxi	T083	C0017446
28112421	1223	1238	wound treatment	T061	C1272654
28112421	1250	1275	post-exposure prophylaxis	T061	C1443861
28112421	1286	1296	compulsory	T061	C0683517
28112421	1305	1315	dog-bitten	T037	C0479207
28112421	1316	1323	victims	T098	C0680681

28112685|t|Chemogenetic stimulation of striatal projection neurons modulates responses to Parkinson's disease therapy
28112685|a|Parkinson's disease (PD) patients experience loss of normal motor function (hypokinesia), but can develop uncontrollable movements known as dyskinesia upon treatment with L-DOPA. Poverty or excess of movement in PD has been attributed to overactivity of striatal projection neurons forming either the indirect (iSPNs) or the direct (dSPNs) pathway, respectively. Here, we investigated the two pathways ' contribution to different motor features using SPN type-specific chemogenetic stimulation in rodent models of PD (PD mice) and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID mice). Using the activatory Gq-coupled human M3 muscarinic receptor (hM3Dq), we found that chemogenetic stimulation of dSPNs mimicked, while stimulation of iSPNs abolished the therapeutic action of L-DOPA in PD mice. In LID mice, hM3Dq stimulation of dSPNs exacerbated dyskinetic responses to L-DOPA, while stimulation of iSPNs inhibited these responses. In the absence of L-DOPA, only chemogenetic stimulation of dSPNs mediated through the Gs-coupled modified rat muscarinic M3 receptor (rM3Ds) induced appreciable dyskinesia in PD mice. Combining D2 receptor agonist treatment with rM3Ds-dSPN stimulation reproduced all symptoms of LID. These results demonstrate that dSPNs and iSPNs oppositely modulate both therapeutic and dyskinetic responses to dopamine replacement therapy in PD. We also show that chemogenetic stimulation of different signaling pathways in dSPNs leads to markedly different motor outcomes. Our findings have important implications for the design of effective antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic drug therapies.
28112685	0	24	Chemogenetic stimulation	T044	C1148560
28112685	28	55	striatal projection neurons	T025	C0027882
28112685	56	65	modulates	UnknownType	C0544633
28112685	66	75	responses	T032	C0871261
28112685	79	98	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28112685	99	106	therapy	T061	C0087111
28112685	107	126	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28112685	128	130	PD	T047	C0030567
28112685	132	140	patients	T101	C0030705
28112685	141	151	experience	T041	C0596545
28112685	152	181	loss of normal motor function	T033	C1864672
28112685	183	194	hypokinesia	T033	C0086439
28112685	213	237	uncontrollable movements	T047	C0013384
28112685	247	257	dyskinesia	T047	C0013384
28112685	263	272	treatment	T061	C0087111
28112685	278	284	L-DOPA	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
28112685	286	293	Poverty	T102	C0032854
28112685	307	315	movement	T040	C0026649
28112685	319	321	PD	T047	C0030567
28112685	345	357	overactivity	T033	C1536696
28112685	361	388	striatal projection neurons	T025	C0027882
28112685	418	423	iSPNs	T025	C0027882
28112685	440	445	dSPNs	T025	C0027882
28112685	447	454	pathway	T023	C0027792
28112685	500	508	pathways	T023	C0027792
28112685	537	542	motor	T025	C0026609
28112685	543	551	features	T080	C2348519
28112685	558	600	SPN type-specific chemogenetic stimulation	T044	C1148560
28112685	604	617	rodent models	T050	C1519106
28112685	621	623	PD	T047	C0030567
28112685	625	627	PD	T047	C0030567
28112685	628	632	mice	T015	C0025929
28112685	638	663	L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia	T033	C3552620
28112685	665	668	LID	T033	C3552620
28112685	669	673	mice	T015	C0025929
28112685	686	736	activatory Gq-coupled human M3 muscarinic receptor	T116,T192	C0289799
28112685	738	743	hM3Dq	T116,T192	C0289799
28112685	760	784	chemogenetic stimulation	T044	C1148560
28112685	788	793	dSPNs	T025	C0027882
28112685	810	821	stimulation	T044	C1148560
28112685	825	830	iSPNs	T025	C0027882
28112685	845	863	therapeutic action	T038	C2712171
28112685	867	873	L-DOPA	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
28112685	877	879	PD	T047	C0030567
28112685	880	884	mice	T015	C0025929
28112685	889	892	LID	T033	C3552620
28112685	893	897	mice	T015	C0025929
28112685	899	904	hM3Dq	T116,T192	C0289799
28112685	905	916	stimulation	T044	C1148560
28112685	920	925	dSPNs	T025	C0027882
28112685	938	958	dyskinetic responses	T032	C0871261
28112685	962	968	L-DOPA	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
28112685	976	987	stimulation	T044	C1148560
28112685	991	996	iSPNs	T025	C0027882
28112685	997	1006	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28112685	1013	1022	responses	T032	C0871261
28112685	1042	1048	L-DOPA	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
28112685	1055	1079	chemogenetic stimulation	T044	C1148560
28112685	1083	1088	dSPNs	T025	C0027882
28112685	1110	1156	Gs-coupled modified rat muscarinic M3 receptor	T116,T192	C0289799
28112685	1158	1163	rM3Ds	T116,T192	C0289799
28112685	1165	1172	induced	T169	C0205263
28112685	1185	1195	dyskinesia	T047	C0013384
28112685	1199	1201	PD	T047	C0030567
28112685	1202	1206	mice	T015	C0025929
28112685	1218	1229	D2 receptor	T116,T192	C0058698
28112685	1230	1237	agonist	T121	C2987634
28112685	1238	1247	treatment	T169	C1522326
28112685	1253	1275	rM3Ds-dSPN stimulation	T044	C1148560
28112685	1291	1299	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28112685	1303	1306	LID	T033	C3552620
28112685	1339	1344	dSPNs	T025	C0027882
28112685	1349	1354	iSPNs	T025	C0027882
28112685	1366	1374	modulate	UnknownType	C0544633
28112685	1380	1416	therapeutic and dyskinetic responses	T032	C0871261
28112685	1420	1428	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28112685	1429	1448	replacement therapy	T061	C0279033
28112685	1452	1454	PD	T047	C0030567
28112685	1474	1498	chemogenetic stimulation	T044	C1148560
28112685	1512	1530	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
28112685	1534	1539	dSPNs	T025	C0027882
28112685	1568	1582	motor outcomes	T080	C0085415
28112685	1588	1596	findings	T169	C2607943
28112685	1653	1703	antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic drug therapies	T061	C0013216

28113047|t|Temporal upregulation of host surface receptors provides a window of opportunity for bacterial adhesion and disease
28113047|a|Host surface receptors provide bacteria with a foothold from which to attach, colonize and, in some cases, invade tissue and elicit human disease. In this review, we discuss several key host receptors and cognate adhesins that function in bacterial pathogenesis. In particular, we examine the elevated expression of host surface receptors such as CEACAM-1, CEACAM-6, ICAM-1 and PAFR in response to specific stimuli. We explore how upregulated receptors, in turn, expose the host to a range of bacterial infections in the respiratory tract. It is apparent that exploitation of receptor induction for bacterial adherence is not unique to one body system, but is also observed in the central nervous, gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. Prokaryotic pathogens which utilize this mechanism for their infectivity include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli. A number of approaches have been used, in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models, to inhibit bacterial attachment to temporally expressed host receptors. Some of these novel strategies may advance future targeted interventions for the prevention and treatment of bacterial disease.
28113047	9	21	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28113047	25	47	host surface receptors	T116,T192	C0034800
28113047	85	103	bacterial adhesion	T040	C0004614
28113047	108	115	disease	T047	C0004623
28113047	116	138	Host surface receptors	T116,T192	C0034800
28113047	147	155	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28113047	186	192	attach	T067	C3714578
28113047	230	236	tissue	T024	C0040300
28113047	248	253	human	T016	C0086418
28113047	254	261	disease	T047	C0012634
28113047	302	316	host receptors	T116,T192	C0034800
28113047	321	337	cognate adhesins	T026	C0699040
28113047	355	364	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28113047	365	377	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28113047	409	417	elevated	T080	C3163633
28113047	418	428	expression	T045	C0597360
28113047	432	454	host surface receptors	T116,T192	C0034800
28113047	463	471	CEACAM-1	T116,T129	C3540477
28113047	473	481	CEACAM-6	T116,T129	C0376900
28113047	483	489	ICAM-1	T116,T129	C0063695
28113047	494	498	PAFR	T116,T129,T192	C0071234
28113047	502	530	response to specific stimuli	T039	C0542478
28113047	547	568	upregulated receptors	T044	C0949479
28113047	590	594	host	T001	C1167395
28113047	609	629	bacterial infections	T047	C0004623
28113047	637	654	respiratory tract	T022	C0035237
28113047	692	700	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28113047	701	710	induction	T169	C0205263
28113047	715	734	bacterial adherence	T040	C0004614
28113047	756	767	body system	T022	C0460002
28113047	797	812	central nervous	T022	C3714787
28113047	814	830	gastrointestinal	T022	C0012240
28113047	835	853	urogenital systems	T022	C0042066
28113047	855	866	Prokaryotic	T001	C0686817
28113047	867	876	pathogens	T046	C0699748
28113047	916	927	infectivity	T046	C3714514
28113047	936	960	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
28113047	962	984	Haemophilus influenzae	T007	C0018483
28113047	986	1008	Neisseria meningitidis	T007	C0027575
28113047	1013	1029	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28113047	1078	1086	in vitro	T062	C1515654
28113047	1091	1118	in vivo experimental models	T062	C1515657
28113047	1131	1151	bacterial attachment	T040	C0004614
28113047	1166	1175	expressed	T045	C0597360
28113047	1176	1190	host receptors	T116,T192	C0034800
28113047	1242	1250	targeted	T169	C1521840
28113047	1251	1264	interventions	T058	C1273869
28113047	1273	1283	prevention	T061	C0199176
28113047	1288	1297	treatment	T061	C0087111
28113047	1301	1318	bacterial disease	T047	C0004623

28113116|t|Metabolic Interference of sod gene mutations on catalase activity in Escherichia coli exposed to Gramoxone ® (paraquat) herbicide
28113116|a|Herbicides are continuously used to minimize the loss of crop productivity in agricultural environments. They can, however, cause damage by inhibiting the growth of microbiota via oxidative stress, due to the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cellular responses to ROS involve the action of enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The objective of this study was to evaluate adaptive responses in Escherichia coli K-12 to paraquat, the active ingredient in the herbicide Gramoxone ®. Mutant bacterial strains carrying deletions in genes encoding Mn-SOD (sodA) and Fe-SOD (sodB) were used and resulted in distinct levels of hydrogen peroxide production, interference in malondialdehyde, and viability. Mutations also resulted in different levels of interference with the activity of CAT isoenzymes and in the inactivation of Cu/Zn-SOD activity. These mutations may be responsible for metabolic differences among the evaluated strains, resulting in different patterns of antioxidative responses, depending on mutation background. While damage to the Δ sodB strain was minor at late log phase, the reverse was true at mid log phase for the Δ sodA strain. These results demonstrate the important role of these genes in defense against oxidative stress in different periods of growth. Furthermore, the lack of Cu/Zn-SOD activity in both mutant strains indicated that common metal cofactors likely interfere in SOD activity regulation. These results also indicate that E. coli K-12, a classical non-environmental strain, constitutes a model of phenotypic plasticity for adaptation to a redox-cycling herbicide through redundancy of different isoforms of SOD and CAT enzymes.
28113116	0	9	Metabolic	T169	C0311400
28113116	10	22	Interference	T169	C0521102
28113116	26	29	sod	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28113116	30	44	gene mutations	T045	C0596611
28113116	48	65	catalase activity	T044	C1151515
28113116	69	85	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28113116	86	96	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28113116	97	106	Gramoxone	T109,T131	C0282285
28113116	110	118	paraquat	T109,T131	C0030493
28113116	120	129	herbicide	T131	C0019236
28113116	130	140	Herbicides	T131	C0019236
28113116	179	183	loss	T081	C1517945
28113116	187	191	crop	T002	C0242775
28113116	192	204	productivity	T081	C0033269
28113116	208	233	agricultural environments	T082	C0562975
28113116	260	266	damage	T169	C1883709
28113116	270	280	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28113116	285	305	growth of microbiota	T040	C0597252
28113116	310	326	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28113116	349	359	production	T057	C0033268
28113116	363	386	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28113116	388	391	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28113116	394	419	Cellular responses to ROS	T043	C2612730
28113116	432	438	action	T052	C3266814
28113116	442	449	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28113116	461	481	superoxide dismutase	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28113116	483	486	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28113116	492	500	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
28113116	502	505	CAT	T116,T126	C0007367
28113116	552	570	adaptive responses	T043	C2752209
28113116	574	595	Escherichia coli K-12	T007	C0596533
28113116	599	607	paraquat	T109,T131	C0030493
28113116	613	630	active ingredient	T120	C1372955
28113116	638	647	herbicide	T131	C0019236
28113116	648	657	Gramoxone	T109,T131	C0282285
28113116	661	667	Mutant	T049	C0596988
28113116	668	685	bacterial strains	T007	C0004611
28113116	695	704	deletions	T045	C0017260
28113116	708	713	genes	T028	C0017337
28113116	714	722	encoding	T052	C2700640
28113116	723	729	Mn-SOD	T116,T126	C0024708
28113116	731	735	sodA	T028	C1420307
28113116	741	747	Fe-SOD	T116,T126	C0022091
28113116	749	753	sodB	T028	C0017337
28113116	769	780	resulted in	T169	C0332294
28113116	800	817	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28113116	818	828	production	T057	C0033268
28113116	830	842	interference	T169	C0521102
28113116	846	861	malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
28113116	867	876	viability	T080	C0443348
28113116	878	887	Mutations	T045	C0026882
28113116	893	904	resulted in	T169	C0332294
28113116	925	942	interference with	T169	C0521102
28113116	947	962	activity of CAT	T044	C1151515
28113116	963	973	isoenzymes	T116,T126	C0022173
28113116	985	997	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28113116	1001	1010	Cu/Zn-SOD	T044	C2261927
28113116	1011	1019	activity	T052	C0441655
28113116	1027	1036	mutations	T045	C0026882
28113116	1060	1069	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28113116	1070	1081	differences	T080	C1705242
28113116	1102	1109	strains	T007	C0004611
28113116	1111	1123	resulting in	T169	C0332294
28113116	1146	1159	antioxidative	T121	C0003402
28113116	1160	1169	responses	T032	C0871261
28113116	1184	1192	mutation	T045	C0026882
28113116	1211	1217	damage	T169	C1883709
28113116	1227	1231	sodB	T028	C0017337
28113116	1232	1238	strain	T007	C0004611
28113116	1316	1320	sodA	T028	C1420307
28113116	1321	1327	strain	T007	C0004611
28113116	1335	1342	results	T169	C1274040
28113116	1383	1388	genes	T028	C0017337
28113116	1392	1424	defense against oxidative stress	T043	C1155312
28113116	1449	1455	growth	T040	C0018270
28113116	1482	1491	Cu/Zn-SOD	T044	C2261927
28113116	1492	1500	activity	T052	C0441655
28113116	1509	1515	mutant	T049	C0596988
28113116	1516	1523	strains	T007	C0004611
28113116	1524	1533	indicated	T033	C1444656
28113116	1546	1551	metal	T197	C0025552
28113116	1552	1561	cofactors	T123	C0178555
28113116	1582	1585	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28113116	1586	1605	activity regulation	T044	C1327623
28113116	1613	1620	results	T169	C1274040
28113116	1640	1652	E. coli K-12	T007	C0596533
28113116	1684	1690	strain	T007	C0004611
28113116	1715	1725	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28113116	1726	1736	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28113116	1741	1751	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28113116	1757	1770	redox-cycling	T044	C0030012
28113116	1771	1780	herbicide	T131	C0019236
28113116	1813	1821	isoforms	T116,T126	C0022173
28113116	1825	1828	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28113116	1833	1844	CAT enzymes	T116,T126	C0007367

28113347|t|NEMo: An Evolutionary Model With Modularity for PPI Networks
28113347|a|Modeling the evolution of biological networks is a major challenge. Biological networks are usually represented as graphs; evolutionary events not only include addition and removal of vertices and edges but also duplication of vertices and their associated edges. Since duplication is viewed as a primary driver of genomic evolution, recent work has focused on duplication -based models. Missing from these models is any embodiment of modularity, a widely accepted attribute of biological networks. Some models spontaneously generate modular structures, but none is known to maintain and evolve them. We describe network evolution with modularity (NEMo), a new model that embodies modularity. NEMo allows modules to appear and disappear and to fission and to merge, all driven by the underlying edge-level events using a duplication -based process. We also introduce measures to compare biological networks in terms of their modular structure; we present comparisons between NEMo and existing duplication -based models and run our measuring tools on both generated and published networks.
28113347	0	4	NEMo	T170	C0282574
28113347	9	43	Evolutionary Model With Modularity	T170	C0282574
28113347	48	60	PPI Networks	T169	C3178902
28113347	61	69	Modeling	T062	C0870071
28113347	74	83	evolution	T045	C0015219
28113347	87	97	biological	T080	C0205460
28113347	98	106	networks	T169	C1882071
28113347	129	139	Biological	T080	C0205460
28113347	140	148	networks	T169	C1882071
28113347	176	182	graphs	T170	C0681493
28113347	184	203	evolutionary events	T051	C0441471
28113347	221	229	addition	T169	C1883712
28113347	234	241	removal	T052	C1883720
28113347	245	253	vertices	T077	C2697524
28113347	258	263	edges	T082	C0205154
28113347	273	284	duplication	T169	C0332597
28113347	288	296	vertices	T077	C2697524
28113347	307	317	associated	T080	C0332281
28113347	318	323	edges	T082	C0205154
28113347	331	342	duplication	T045	C0017261
28113347	376	393	genomic evolution	T045	C0015219
28113347	422	433	duplication	T045	C0017261
28113347	441	447	models	T170	C3161035
28113347	468	474	models	T170	C3161035
28113347	496	506	modularity	T169	C0205245
28113347	539	549	biological	T080	C0205460
28113347	550	558	networks	T169	C1882071
28113347	565	571	models	T170	C3161035
28113347	572	585	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
28113347	595	613	modular structures	T082	C0678594
28113347	636	644	maintain	T052	C0024501
28113347	649	655	evolve	T052	C0441655
28113347	674	707	network evolution with modularity	T170	C0282574
28113347	709	713	NEMo	T170	C0282574
28113347	722	727	model	T170	C3161035
28113347	742	752	modularity	T169	C0205245
28113347	754	758	NEMo	T170	C0282574
28113347	766	773	modules	T077	C1709061
28113347	777	783	appear	T078	C1254370
28113347	788	797	disappear	T078	C1254370
28113347	805	812	fission	T052	C0441655
28113347	820	825	merge	T052	C1881786
28113347	856	873	edge-level events	T051	C0441471
28113347	882	893	duplication	T045	C0017261
28113347	901	908	process	T067	C1522240
28113347	928	936	measures	T081	C0079809
28113347	948	958	biological	T080	C0205460
28113347	959	967	networks	T169	C1882071
28113347	986	1003	modular structure	T082	C0678594
28113347	1016	1027	comparisons	T052	C1707455
28113347	1036	1040	NEMo	T170	C0282574
28113347	1054	1065	duplication	T045	C0017261
28113347	1073	1079	models	T170	C3161035
28113347	1092	1101	measuring	T080	C0444706
28113347	1102	1107	tools	T073	C0336791
28113347	1116	1125	generated	T169	C0205245
28113347	1130	1139	published	T169	C0205245
28113347	1140	1148	networks	T169	C1882071

28113808|t|Face Aging Effect Simulation using Hidden Factor Analysis Joint Sparse Representation
28113808|a|Face aging simulation has received rising investigations nowadays, whereas it still remains a challenge to generate convincing and natural age - progressed face images. In this paper, we present a novel approach to such an issue by using Hidden Factor Analysis joint Sparse Representation. In contrast to the majority of tasks in the literature that handle the facial texture integrally, the proposed aging approach separately models the person - specific facial properties that tend to be stable in a relatively long period and the age - specific clues that change gradually over time. It then transforms the age component to a target age group via Sparse Reconstruction, yielding aging effects, which is finally combined with the identity component to achieve the aged face. Experiments are carried out on three face aging databases, and the results achieved clearly demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method in rendering a face with aging effects. Additionally, a series of evaluations prove its validity with respect to identity preservation and aging effect generation.
28113808	0	4	Face	T029	C0015450
28113808	5	10	Aging	T040	C0001811
28113808	11	17	Effect	T080	C1280500
28113808	18	28	Simulation	T066	C0009609
28113808	35	85	Hidden Factor Analysis Joint Sparse Representation	T081	C0392762
28113808	86	90	Face	T029	C0015450
28113808	91	96	aging	T040	C0001811
28113808	97	107	simulation	T066	C0009609
28113808	112	120	received	T080	C1514756
28113808	128	142	investigations	T169	C1292732
28113808	193	201	generate	T052	C3146294
28113808	217	224	natural	T169	C0205296
28113808	225	228	age	T032	C0001779
28113808	231	241	progressed	T169	C1272688
28113808	242	246	face	T029	C0015450
28113808	247	253	images	T170	C1704922
28113808	263	268	paper	T170	C1706852
28113808	309	314	issue	T033	C0033213
28113808	324	374	Hidden Factor Analysis joint Sparse Representation	T081	C0392762
28113808	420	430	literature	T170	C0023866
28113808	447	453	facial	T029	C0015450
28113808	454	461	texture	T080	C0449582
28113808	478	486	proposed	T080	C1553874
28113808	487	492	aging	T040	C0001811
28113808	502	512	separately	T080	C0443299
28113808	513	519	models	T170	C3161035
28113808	524	530	person	T098	C0027361
28113808	533	541	specific	T080	C0205369
28113808	542	548	facial	T029	C0015450
28113808	549	559	properties	T080	C0871161
28113808	576	582	stable	T080	C0205360
28113808	588	598	relatively	T080	C0205345
28113808	604	610	period	T079	C0439531
28113808	619	622	age	T032	C0001779
28113808	625	633	specific	T080	C0205369
28113808	634	639	clues	T078	C3146298
28113808	645	651	change	T169	C0392747
28113808	652	661	gradually	T080	C0439833
28113808	667	671	time	T079	C0040223
28113808	696	699	age	T032	C0001779
28113808	700	709	component	T077	C1705248
28113808	722	731	age group	T100	C0870408
28113808	736	757	Sparse Reconstruction	T081	C0392762
28113808	768	773	aging	T040	C0001811
28113808	774	781	effects	T080	C1280500
28113808	800	808	combined	T080	C0205195
28113808	818	836	identity component	T077	C1705248
28113808	852	856	aged	T032	C0001779
28113808	857	861	face	T029	C0015450
28113808	863	874	Experiments	T062	C0681814
28113808	879	890	carried out	T052	C0206243
28113808	900	904	face	T029	C0015450
28113808	905	910	aging	T040	C0001811
28113808	911	920	databases	T170	C0242356
28113808	930	937	results	T169	C1274040
28113808	938	946	achieved	T033	C1272277
28113808	971	984	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28113808	989	999	robustness	T080	C2986815
28113808	1016	1022	method	T169	C0449851
28113808	1026	1035	rendering	T052	C0441655
28113808	1038	1042	face	T029	C0015450
28113808	1048	1053	aging	T040	C0001811
28113808	1054	1061	effects	T080	C1280500
28113808	1079	1085	series	T081	C0205549
28113808	1089	1100	evaluations	T169	C1292732
28113808	1111	1119	validity	T081	C2349101
28113808	1136	1157	identity preservation	T052	C0441655
28113808	1162	1167	aging	T040	C0001811
28113808	1168	1174	effect	T080	C1280500
28113808	1175	1185	generation	T052	C3146294

28113841|t|Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping using Structural Feature based Collaborative Reconstruction (SFCR) in the Human Brain
28113841|a|The reconstruction of MR quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) from local phase measurements is an ill posed inverse problem and different regularization strategies incorporating a priori information extracted from magnitude and phase images have been proposed. However, the anatomy observed in magnitude and phase images does not always coincide spatially with that in susceptibility maps, which could give erroneous estimation in the reconstructed susceptibility map. In this paper, we develop a structural feature based collaborative reconstruction (SFCR) method for QSM including both magnitude and susceptibility based information. The SFCR algorithm is composed of two consecutive steps corresponding to complementary reconstruction models, each with a structural feature based l1 norm constraint and a voxel fidelity based l2 norm constraint, which allows both the structure edges and tiny features to be recovered, whereas the noise and artifacts could be reduced. In the M-step, the initial susceptibility map is reconstructed by employing a k-space based compressed sensing model incorporating magnitude prior. In the S-step, the susceptibility map is fitted in spatial domain using weighted constraints derived from the initial susceptibility map from the M-step. Simulations and in vivo human experiments at 7T MRI show that the SFCR method provides high quality susceptibility maps with improved RMSE and MSSIM. Finally, the susceptibility values of deep gray matter are analyzed in multiple head positions, with the supine position most approximate to the gold standard COSMOS result.
28113841	0	35	Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping	T060	C0006117
28113841	42	95	Structural Feature based Collaborative Reconstruction	T066	C0020912
28113841	97	101	SFCR	T066	C0020912
28113841	110	115	Human	T016	C0086418
28113841	116	121	Brain	T023	C0006104
28113841	126	140	reconstruction	T066	C0020912
28113841	144	146	MR	T070	C0917874
28113841	147	182	quantitative susceptibility mapping	T060	C0006117
28113841	184	187	QSM	T060	C0006117
28113841	194	205	local phase	T079	C0205390
28113841	206	218	measurements	T169	C0242485
28113841	265	290	regularization strategies	T169	C0205245
28113841	307	313	priori	T079	C0332152
28113841	314	325	information	T078	C1533716
28113841	341	350	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28113841	355	367	phase images	T170	C1704922
28113841	378	386	proposed	T080	C1553874
28113841	401	408	anatomy	T017	C0700276
28113841	421	430	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28113841	435	447	phase images	T170	C1704922
28113841	496	515	susceptibility maps	T073	C0024779
28113841	534	543	erroneous	T078	C1547323
28113841	544	554	estimation	T081	C0750572
28113841	562	594	reconstructed susceptibility map	T073	C0024779
28113841	624	677	structural feature based collaborative reconstruction	T066	C0020912
28113841	679	683	SFCR	T066	C0020912
28113841	696	699	QSM	T060	C0006117
28113841	715	724	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28113841	729	743	susceptibility	T081	C1547045
28113841	750	761	information	T078	C1533716
28113841	767	771	SFCR	T066	C0020912
28113841	772	781	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28113841	801	818	consecutive steps	T077	C1261552
28113841	850	871	reconstruction models	T170	C3161035
28113841	885	903	structural feature	T082	C0678594
28113841	913	928	norm constraint	T169	C0443288
28113841	959	974	norm constraint	T169	C0443288
28113841	998	1007	structure	T082	C0678594
28113841	1023	1031	features	T080	C2348519
28113841	1061	1066	noise	T067	C0028263
28113841	1071	1080	artifacts	T068	C0085089
28113841	1106	1112	M-step	T077	C1261552
28113841	1126	1144	susceptibility map	T073	C0024779
28113841	1148	1161	reconstructed	T066	C0020912
28113841	1191	1215	compressed sensing model	T170	C3161035
28113841	1230	1239	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28113841	1254	1260	S-step	T077	C1261552
28113841	1266	1284	susceptibility map	T073	C0024779
28113841	1298	1312	spatial domain	T082	C1254362
28113841	1328	1339	constraints	T169	C0443288
28113841	1365	1383	susceptibility map	T073	C0024779
28113841	1393	1399	M-step	T077	C1261552
28113841	1401	1412	Simulations	T062	C0679083
28113841	1417	1424	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28113841	1425	1430	human	T016	C0086418
28113841	1431	1442	experiments	T062	C0681814
28113841	1449	1452	MRI	T060	C0024485
28113841	1467	1471	SFCR	T066	C0020912
28113841	1493	1500	quality	T080	C0332306
28113841	1501	1520	susceptibility maps	T073	C0024779
28113841	1535	1539	RMSE	T081	C0871425
28113841	1544	1549	MSSIM	T081	C0871425
28113841	1564	1578	susceptibility	T081	C1547045
28113841	1594	1605	gray matter	T024	C0018220
28113841	1622	1645	multiple head positions	T082	C0582540
28113841	1656	1671	supine position	T082	C0038846
28113841	1710	1716	COSMOS	T169	C0449913
28113841	1717	1723	result	T169	C1274040

28115057|t|Optogenetic Demonstration of Functional Innervation of Mouse Colon by Neurons Derived From Transplanted Neural Cells
28115057|a|Cell therapy offers the potential to treat gastrointestinal motility disorders caused by diseased or absent enteric neurons. We examined whether neurons generated from transplanted enteric neural cells provide a functional innervation of bowel smooth muscle in mice. Enteric neural cells expressing the light-sensitive ion channel, channelrhodopsin, were isolated from the fetal or postnatal mouse bowel and transplanted into the distal colon of 3- to 4- week -old wild-type recipient mice. Intracellular electrophysiological recordings of responses to light stimulation of the transplanted cells were made from colonic smooth muscle cells in recipient mice. Electrical stimulation of endogenous enteric neurons was used as a control. The axons of graft -derived neurons formed a plexus in the circular muscle layer. Selective stimulation of graft -derived cells by light resulted in excitatory and inhibitory junction potentials, the electrical events underlying contraction and relaxation, respectively, in colonic muscle cells. Graft -derived excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons released the same neurotransmitters as endogenous motor neurons - acetylcholine and a combination of adenosine triphosphate and nitric oxide, respectively. Graft -derived neurons also included interneurons that provided synaptic inputs to motor neurons, but the pharmacologic properties of interneurons varied with the age of the donors from which enteric neural cells were obtained. Enteric neural cells transplanted into the bowel give rise to multiple functional types of neurons that integrate and provide a functional innervation of the smooth muscle of the bowel wall. Circuits composed of both motor neurons and interneurons were established, but the age at which cells are isolated influences the neurotransmitter phenotype of interneurons that are generated.
28115057	0	11	Optogenetic	T063	C3494301
28115057	12	25	Demonstration	T052	C0441655
28115057	29	39	Functional	T169	C0205245
28115057	40	51	Innervation	T042	C0021516
28115057	55	60	Mouse	T015	C0025929
28115057	61	66	Colon	T023	C0009368
28115057	70	77	Neurons	T025	C0027882
28115057	91	103	Transplanted	T169	C0700106
28115057	104	116	Neural Cells	T025	C0027882
28115057	117	129	Cell therapy	T061	C0302189
28115057	154	159	treat	T169	C1522326
28115057	160	195	gastrointestinal motility disorders	T047	C0854121
28115057	206	214	diseased	T025	C0027882
28115057	218	224	absent	T169	C0332197
28115057	225	232	enteric	T082	C1304890
28115057	233	240	neurons	T025	C0027882
28115057	262	269	neurons	T025	C0027882
28115057	285	297	transplanted	T169	C0700106
28115057	298	305	enteric	T082	C1304890
28115057	306	318	neural cells	T025	C0027882
28115057	329	339	functional	T169	C0205245
28115057	340	351	innervation	T042	C0021516
28115057	355	360	bowel	T023	C0021853
28115057	361	374	smooth muscle	T024	C1267092
28115057	378	382	mice	T015	C0025929
28115057	384	391	Enteric	T082	C1304890
28115057	392	404	neural cells	T025	C0027882
28115057	420	447	light-sensitive ion channel	T116,T123	C0022009
28115057	449	465	channelrhodopsin	T116,T123	C0033684
28115057	472	480	isolated	T169	C0205409
28115057	490	495	fetal	T169	C0521457
28115057	499	508	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28115057	509	514	mouse	T015	C0025929
28115057	515	520	bowel	T023	C0021853
28115057	525	537	transplanted	T169	C0700106
28115057	547	559	distal colon	T024	C1517729
28115057	572	576	week	T079	C0439230
28115057	582	591	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28115057	592	606	recipient mice	T015	C0025929
28115057	608	621	Intracellular	T082	C0178719
28115057	622	653	electrophysiological recordings	T059	C0022885
28115057	657	666	responses	T169	C0205245
28115057	670	687	light stimulation	UnknownType	C0240188
28115057	695	707	transplanted	T169	C0700106
28115057	708	713	cells	T025	C0027882
28115057	729	736	colonic	T023	C0009368
28115057	737	756	smooth muscle cells	T025	C1135918
28115057	760	774	recipient mice	T015	C0025929
28115057	776	798	Electrical stimulation	T067	C1254366
28115057	802	812	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28115057	813	820	enteric	T082	C1304890
28115057	821	828	neurons	T025	C0027882
28115057	843	850	control	T096	C0009932
28115057	856	861	axons	T026	C0004461
28115057	865	870	graft	T024	C0332835
28115057	880	887	neurons	T025	C0027882
28115057	897	903	plexus	T023	C1184808
28115057	911	932	circular muscle layer	T023	C0734812
28115057	934	955	Selective stimulation	T067	C1254366
28115057	959	964	graft	T024	C0332835
28115057	974	979	cells	T025	C0027882
28115057	983	988	light	T070	C0023693
28115057	1001	1011	excitatory	T042	C0234121
28115057	1016	1046	inhibitory junction potentials	T042	C0234122
28115057	1052	1062	electrical	T169	C0442828
28115057	1063	1069	events	T051	C0441471
28115057	1081	1092	contraction	T039	C0026820
28115057	1097	1107	relaxation	T042	C0026836
28115057	1126	1133	colonic	T023	C0009368
28115057	1134	1146	muscle cells	T025	C1135918
28115057	1148	1153	Graft	T024	C0332835
28115057	1163	1173	excitatory	T025	C0026609
28115057	1178	1202	inhibitory motor neurons	T025	C0026609
28115057	1221	1238	neurotransmitters	T123	C0027908
28115057	1242	1252	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28115057	1253	1266	motor neurons	T025	C0026609
28115057	1269	1282	acetylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
28115057	1304	1326	adenosine triphosphate	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28115057	1331	1343	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28115057	1359	1364	Graft	T024	C0332835
28115057	1374	1381	neurons	T025	C0027882
28115057	1396	1408	interneurons	T025	C0021792
28115057	1448	1455	neurons	T025	C0027882
28115057	1465	1489	pharmacologic properties	T080	C0871161
28115057	1493	1505	interneurons	T025	C0021792
28115057	1522	1525	age	T032	C0001779
28115057	1533	1539	donors	T098	C0013018
28115057	1551	1558	enteric	T082	C1304890
28115057	1559	1571	neural cells	T025	C0027882
28115057	1587	1594	Enteric	T082	C1304890
28115057	1595	1607	neural cells	T025	C0027882
28115057	1608	1620	transplanted	T169	C0700106
28115057	1630	1635	bowel	T023	C0021853
28115057	1649	1657	multiple	T081	C0439064
28115057	1658	1668	functional	T169	C0205245
28115057	1669	1674	types	T080	C0332307
28115057	1678	1685	neurons	T025	C0027882
28115057	1715	1725	functional	T169	C0205245
28115057	1726	1737	innervation	T042	C0021516
28115057	1745	1758	smooth muscle	T024	C1267092
28115057	1766	1776	bowel wall	T023	C1283694
28115057	1778	1786	Circuits	UnknownType	C0814033
28115057	1804	1817	motor neurons	T025	C0026609
28115057	1822	1834	interneurons	T025	C0021792
28115057	1861	1864	age	T032	C0001779
28115057	1874	1879	cells	T025	C0027882
28115057	1908	1924	neurotransmitter	T123	C0027908
28115057	1925	1934	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28115057	1938	1950	interneurons	T025	C0021792

28115485|t|Ick Ciliary Kinase Is Essential for Planar Cell Polarity Formation in Inner Ear Hair Cells and Hearing Function
28115485|a|Cellular asymmetries play crucial roles in development and organ function. The planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling pathway is involved in the establishment of cellular asymmetry within the plane of a cell sheet. Inner ear sensory hair cells (HCs), which have several rows of staircase-like stereocilia and one kinocilium located at the vertex of the stereocilia protruding from the apical surface of each HC, exhibit a typical form of PCP. Although connections between cilia and PCP signaling in vertebrate development have been reported, their precise nature is not well understood. During inner ear development, several ciliary proteins are known to play a role in PCP formation. In the current study, we investigated a functional role for intestinal cell kinase (Ick), which regulates intraflagellar transport (IFT) at the tip of cilia, in the mouse inner ear. A lack of Ick in the developing inner ear resulted in PCP defects in the cochlea, including misorientation or misshaping of stereocilia and aberrant localization of the kinocilium and basal body in the apical and middle turns, leading to auditory dysfunction. We also observed abnormal ciliary localization of Ift88 in both HCs and supporting cells. Together, our results show that Ick ciliary kinase is essential for PCP formation in inner ear HCs, suggesting that ciliary transport regulation is important for PCP signaling .SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The cochlea in the inner ear is the hearing organ. Planar cell polarity (PCP) in hair cells (HCs) in the cochlea is essential for mechanotransduction and refers to the asymmetric structure consisting of stereociliary bundles and the kinocilium on the apical surface of the cell body. We reported previously that a ciliary kinase, Ick, regulates intraflagellar transport (IFT). Here, we found that loss of Ick leads to abnormal localization of the IFT component in kinocilia, PCP defects in HCs, and hearing dysfunction. Our study defines the association of ciliary transport regulation with PCP formation in HCs and hearing function.
28115485	0	3	Ick	T116,T126	C1433158
28115485	4	18	Ciliary Kinase	T116,T126	C0014442
28115485	22	31	Essential	T080	C0205224
28115485	36	56	Planar Cell Polarity	T082	C0085304
28115485	57	66	Formation	T169	C1522492
28115485	70	79	Inner Ear	T023	C0022889
28115485	80	90	Hair Cells	T025	C0018496
28115485	95	111	Hearing Function	T039	C0018767
28115485	112	132	Cellular asymmetries	T043	C0007613
28115485	155	166	development	T040	C0678723
28115485	171	176	organ	T023	C0178784
28115485	177	185	function	T169	C0542341
28115485	191	211	planar cell polarity	T082	C0085304
28115485	213	216	PCP	T082	C0085304
28115485	218	235	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28115485	272	290	cellular asymmetry	T043	C0007613
28115485	313	317	cell	T025	C0007634
28115485	325	334	Inner ear	T023	C0022889
28115485	335	353	sensory hair cells	T025	C0018496
28115485	355	358	HCs	T025	C0018496
28115485	403	414	stereocilia	T026	C0230626
28115485	423	433	kinocilium	T026	C1179972
28115485	449	455	vertex	T029	C0230003
28115485	463	474	stereocilia	T026	C0230626
28115485	495	501	apical	T082	C0205111
28115485	518	520	HC	T025	C0018496
28115485	548	551	PCP	T082	C0085304
28115485	582	587	cilia	T026	C0008778
28115485	592	595	PCP	T082	C0085304
28115485	596	605	signaling	T038	C3537152
28115485	609	619	vertebrate	T010	C0042567
28115485	620	631	development	T040	C0678723
28115485	704	713	inner ear	T023	C0022889
28115485	714	725	development	T040	C0678723
28115485	735	742	ciliary	T023	C0008779
28115485	743	751	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28115485	780	783	PCP	T082	C0085304
28115485	784	793	formation	T169	C1522492
28115485	810	815	study	T062	C2603343
28115485	855	877	intestinal cell kinase	T116,T126	C3884015
28115485	879	882	Ick	T116,T126	C3884015
28115485	901	925	intraflagellar transport	T043	C1155944
28115485	927	930	IFT	T043	C1155944
28115485	946	951	cilia	T026	C0008778
28115485	960	965	mouse	T015	C0026809
28115485	966	975	inner ear	T023	C0022889
28115485	979	983	lack	T080	C0332268
28115485	987	990	Ick	T116,T126	C3884015
28115485	1009	1018	inner ear	T023	C0022889
28115485	1031	1034	PCP	T082	C0085304
28115485	1050	1057	cochlea	T023	C0009195
28115485	1101	1112	stereocilia	T026	C0230626
28115485	1117	1125	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28115485	1126	1138	localization	T169	C0475264
28115485	1146	1156	kinocilium	T026	C1179972
28115485	1161	1171	basal body	T026	C3536735
28115485	1179	1185	apical	T082	C0205111
28115485	1190	1196	middle	T082	C0444598
28115485	1215	1223	auditory	T169	C0439825
28115485	1224	1235	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28115485	1254	1262	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28115485	1263	1270	ciliary	T023	C0008779
28115485	1271	1283	localization	T169	C0475264
28115485	1287	1292	Ift88	T116,T123	C0387879
28115485	1301	1304	HCs	T025	C0018496
28115485	1320	1325	cells	T025	C0007634
28115485	1359	1362	Ick	T116,T126	C3884015
28115485	1363	1377	ciliary kinase	T116,T126	C0014442
28115485	1381	1390	essential	T080	C0205224
28115485	1395	1398	PCP	T082	C0085304
28115485	1399	1408	formation	T169	C1522492
28115485	1412	1421	inner ear	T023	C0022889
28115485	1422	1425	HCs	T025	C0018496
28115485	1443	1450	ciliary	T023	C0008779
28115485	1451	1471	transport regulation	T043	C1523074
28115485	1489	1492	PCP	T082	C0085304
28115485	1493	1502	signaling	T038	C3537152
28115485	1531	1538	cochlea	T023	C0009195
28115485	1546	1555	inner ear	T023	C0022889
28115485	1563	1570	hearing	T039	C0018767
28115485	1571	1576	organ	T023	C0178784
28115485	1578	1598	Planar cell polarity	T082	C0085304
28115485	1600	1603	PCP	T082	C0085304
28115485	1608	1618	hair cells	T025	C0018496
28115485	1620	1623	HCs	T025	C0018496
28115485	1632	1639	cochlea	T023	C0009195
28115485	1643	1652	essential	T080	C0205224
28115485	1657	1676	mechanotransduction	T044	C1138568
28115485	1695	1705	asymmetric	T082	C0332514
28115485	1706	1715	structure	T082	C0678594
28115485	1730	1743	stereociliary	T026	C0230626
28115485	1760	1770	kinocilium	T026	C1179972
28115485	1778	1784	apical	T082	C0205111
28115485	1785	1792	surface	T082	C0205148
28115485	1800	1809	cell body	T026	C2752549
28115485	1841	1855	ciliary kinase	T116,T126	C0014442
28115485	1857	1860	Ick	T116,T126	C1433158
28115485	1872	1896	intraflagellar transport	T043	C1155944
28115485	1898	1901	IFT	T043	C1155944
28115485	1932	1935	Ick	T116,T126	C3884015
28115485	1945	1953	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28115485	1954	1966	localization	T169	C0475264
28115485	1974	1977	IFT	T043	C1155944
28115485	1978	1987	component	T170	C1524073
28115485	1991	2000	kinocilia	T026	C1179972
28115485	2002	2005	PCP	T082	C0085304
28115485	2006	2013	defects	T169	C1457869
28115485	2017	2020	HCs	T025	C0018496
28115485	2026	2033	hearing	T039	C0018767
28115485	2034	2045	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28115485	2084	2091	ciliary	T023	C0008779
28115485	2092	2112	transport regulation	T043	C1523074
28115485	2118	2121	PCP	T082	C0085304
28115485	2122	2131	formation	T169	C1522492
28115485	2135	2138	HCs	T025	C0018496
28115485	2143	2159	hearing function	T039	C0018767

28115718|t|Low energy cost for optimal speed and control of membrane fusion
28115718|a|Membrane fusion is the cell's delivery process, enabling its many compartments to receive cargo and machinery for cell growth and intercellular communication. The overall activation energy of the process must be large enough to prevent frequent and nonspecific spontaneous fusion events, yet must be low enough to allow it to be overcome upon demand by specific fusion proteins [such as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs)]. Remarkably, to the best of our knowledge, the activation energy for spontaneous bilayer fusion has never been measured. Multiple models have been developed and refined to estimate the overall activation energy and its component parts, and they span a very broad range from 20 kBT to 150 kBT, depending on the assumptions. In this study, using a bulk lipid-mixing assay at various temperatures, we report that the activation energy of complete membrane fusion is at the lowest range of these theoretical values. Typical lipid vesicles were found to slowly and spontaneously fully fuse with activation energies of ∼30 kBT Our data demonstrate that the merging of membranes is not nearly as energy consuming as anticipated by many models and is ideally positioned to minimize spontaneous fusion while enabling rapid, SNARE - dependent fusion upon demand.
28115718	4	10	energy	T081	C1442080
28115718	11	15	cost	T169	C0220812
28115718	20	27	optimal	T080	C2698651
28115718	28	33	speed	T081	C0678536
28115718	38	45	control	T080	C0243148
28115718	49	64	membrane fusion	T044	C0025246
28115718	65	80	Membrane fusion	T044	C0025246
28115718	88	111	cell's delivery process	T067	C1254366
28115718	131	143	compartments	T030	C0005888
28115718	147	154	receive	T080	C1514756
28115718	155	160	cargo	T123	C0574031
28115718	165	174	machinery	T123	C0574031
28115718	179	190	cell growth	T043	C0007595
28115718	195	222	intercellular communication	T043	C1154413
28115718	236	253	activation energy	T081	C0392762
28115718	261	268	process	T067	C1522240
28115718	314	325	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
28115718	326	337	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28115718	338	351	fusion events	T051	C0441471
28115718	427	442	fusion proteins	T116,T123	C0162768
28115718	452	522	soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors	T116,T192	C0300824
28115718	524	530	SNAREs	T116,T192	C0300824
28115718	580	597	activation energy	T081	C0392762
28115718	602	613	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28115718	614	628	bilayer fusion	T044	C0025246
28115718	654	662	Multiple	T081	C0439064
28115718	663	669	models	T170	C3161035
28115718	726	743	activation energy	T081	C0392762
28115718	752	767	component parts	T077	C1705248
28115718	796	801	range	T081	C1514721
28115718	884	902	lipid-mixing assay	T059	C0005507
28115718	914	926	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28115718	947	964	activation energy	T081	C0392762
28115718	977	992	membrane fusion	T044	C0025246
28115718	1010	1015	range	T081	C1514721
28115718	1025	1043	theoretical values	T080	C0042295
28115718	1053	1058	lipid	T109	C0023779
28115718	1059	1067	vesicles	T026	C1622418
28115718	1093	1106	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
28115718	1123	1142	activation energies	T081	C0392762
28115718	1158	1162	data	T078	C1511726
28115718	1184	1191	merging	T059	C4297013
28115718	1195	1204	membranes	T024	C0025255
28115718	1222	1228	energy	T081	C1442080
28115718	1242	1253	anticipated	T033	C3840775
28115718	1262	1268	models	T170	C3161035
28115718	1307	1318	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28115718	1319	1325	fusion	T169	C0332466
28115718	1348	1353	SNARE	T116,T192	C0300824
28115718	1356	1365	dependent	T080	C0851827
28115718	1366	1372	fusion	T169	C0332466

28116177|t|An Unusually Large Irritation Fibroma Associated with Gingiva of Lower Left Posterior Teeth Region
28116177|a|Fibroma is a benign tumor of oral cavity, with usually the tongue, gingiva, and buccal mucosa being the most common sites. Females are twice more likely to develop fibroma than males. The intraoral fibroma typically is well demarcated; and its size can vary from millimeter to few centimeters. Intraorally the growth is attached to the mucosa by means of a peduncle. Fibroma is generally slow growing, painless, smooth surface lesion and the color is slightly pale r than the adjacent healthy tissue. Treatment usually requires total excision and recurrence is rare. Here we present a case of 37-year-old female patient reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with the chief complaint of a growth in the lower left posterior teeth region 3 months earlier.
28116177	3	12	Unusually	T080	C2700116
28116177	13	18	Large	T081	C0549177
28116177	19	37	Irritation Fibroma	T020	C0399495
28116177	38	53	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28116177	54	61	Gingiva	T024	C0017562
28116177	65	98	Lower Left Posterior Teeth Region	T029	C0449729
28116177	99	106	Fibroma	T191	C0016045
28116177	112	124	benign tumor	T191	C0086692
28116177	128	139	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
28116177	158	164	tongue	T023	C0040408
28116177	166	173	gingiva	T024	C0017562
28116177	179	192	buccal mucosa	T023	C1578559
28116177	215	220	sites	T029	C0005898
28116177	222	229	Females	T032	C0086287
28116177	240	251	more likely	T078	C0750501
28116177	263	270	fibroma	T191	C0016045
28116177	276	281	males	T032	C0086582
28116177	287	296	intraoral	T082	C0442119
28116177	297	304	fibroma	T191	C0016045
28116177	343	347	size	T082	C0475440
28116177	393	404	Intraorally	T082	C0442119
28116177	409	415	growth	T191	C0598934
28116177	419	427	attached	T067	C3714578
28116177	435	441	mucosa	T024	C0026724
28116177	456	464	peduncle	T024	C0040300
28116177	466	473	Fibroma	T191	C0016045
28116177	487	499	slow growing	T033	C4086857
28116177	501	509	painless	T169	C0234226
28116177	511	532	smooth surface lesion	T033	C0221198
28116177	541	563	color is slightly pale	T080	C0554991
28116177	575	583	adjacent	T082	C0205117
28116177	584	591	healthy	T080	C3898900
28116177	592	598	tissue	T024	C0040300
28116177	600	609	Treatment	T169	C0039798
28116177	627	632	total	T080	C0439810
28116177	633	641	excision	T061	C0728940
28116177	646	656	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28116177	660	664	rare	T080	C0522498
28116177	704	718	female patient	T032	C0150905
28116177	719	727	reported	T058	C0700287
28116177	735	776	Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology	T093	C0596660
28116177	786	801	chief complaint	T033	C0277786
28116177	807	813	growth	T191	C0598934
28116177	821	854	lower left posterior teeth region	T029	C0449729

28116357|t|Single-shot real-time video recording of a photonic Mach cone induced by a scattered light pulse
28116357|a|Ultrafast video recording of spatiotemporal light distribution in a scattering medium has a significant impact in biomedicine. Although many simulation tools have been implemented to model light propagation in scattering media, existing experimental instruments still lack sufficient imaging speed to record transient light-scattering events in real time. We report single-shot ultrafast video recording of a light - induced photonic Mach cone propagating in an engineered scattering plate assembly. This dynamic light-scattering event was captured in a single camera exposure by lossless-encoding compressed ultrafast photography at 100 billion frames per second. Our experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions by time-resolved Monte Carlo simulation. This technology holds great promise for next-generation biomedical imaging instrumentation.
28116357	0	21	Single-shot real-time	T079	C1550177
28116357	22	37	video recording	T073	C0042650
28116357	43	61	photonic Mach cone	T067	C1254366
28116357	75	84	scattered	T082	C0439742
28116357	85	96	light pulse	T070	C0023693
28116357	97	122	Ultrafast video recording	T073	C0042650
28116357	126	140	spatiotemporal	T062	C3494293
28116357	141	146	light	T070	C0023693
28116357	147	159	distribution	T169	C1704711
28116357	165	175	scattering	T067	C0596837
28116357	176	182	medium	T080	C0522503
28116357	189	207	significant impact	T080	C4049986
28116357	211	222	biomedicine	T091	C1879848
28116357	238	248	simulation	T062	C0679083
28116357	249	254	tools	T073	C0336791
28116357	286	303	light propagation	T067	C0596837
28116357	307	323	scattering media	T080	C0522503
28116357	334	358	experimental instruments	T074	C0348000
28116357	359	369	still lack	T080	C0332268
28116357	370	394	sufficient imaging speed	T060	C0079595
28116357	405	414	transient	T079	C0205374
28116357	415	438	light-scattering events	T067	C0596837
28116357	442	451	real time	T079	C1550177
28116357	463	500	single-shot ultrafast video recording	T073	C0042650
28116357	506	511	light	T070	C0023693
28116357	514	521	induced	T169	C0205263
28116357	522	552	photonic Mach cone propagating	T067	C1254366
28116357	559	595	engineered scattering plate assembly	T073	C3273359
28116357	602	626	dynamic light-scattering	T059	C1882368
28116357	651	664	single camera	T074	C0179533
28116357	706	727	ultrafast photography	T057	C0031749
28116357	743	760	frames per second	T079	C3714799
28116357	794	813	excellent agreement	T033	C0243095
28116357	819	842	theoretical predictions	T170	C0026350
28116357	846	882	time-resolved Monte Carlo simulation	T081	C0026507
28116357	889	899	technology	T090	C0039421
28116357	924	939	next-generation	T090	C3274765
28116357	940	958	biomedical imaging	T170	C0872020
28116357	959	974	instrumentation	T074	C0348000

28117211|t|Assessment of Vascular Stent Heating with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
28117211|a|A high proportion of patients with stroke do not qualify for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) clinical studies due to the presence of metallic stents. The ultimate concern is that any metal could become heated due to eddy currents. However, to date, no clinical safety data are available regarding the risk of metallic stents heating with rTMS. We tested the safety of common rTMS protocols (1 Hz and 10 Hz) with stents used commonly in stroke, nitinol and elgiloy. In our method, stents were tested in gelled saline at 2 different locations: at the center and at the lobe of the coil. In addition, at each location, stent heating was evaluated in 3 different orientations: parallel to the long axis of coil, parallel to the short axis of the coil, and perpendicular to the plane of the coil. We found that stents did not heat to more than 1°C with either 1 Hz rTMS or 10 Hz rTMS in any configuration or orientation. Heating in general was greater at the lobe when the stent was oriented perpendicularly. Our study represents a new method for ex vivo quantification of stent heating. We have found that heating of stents was well below the Food and Drug Administration standards of 2°C. Thus, our study paves the way for in vivo testing of rTMS (≤10 Hz) in the presence of implanted magnetic resonance imaging - compatible stents in animal studies. When planning human safety studies though, geometry, orientation, and location relative to the coil would be important to consider as well.
28117211	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
28117211	14	28	Vascular Stent	T074	C0183521
28117211	29	36	Heating	T070	C0018837
28117211	42	86	Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation	T061	C0872259
28117211	108	116	patients	T101	C0030705
28117211	122	128	stroke	T047	C0038454
28117211	148	192	repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation	T061	C0872259
28117211	194	198	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28117211	200	216	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
28117211	240	255	metallic stents	T074	C0441290
28117211	290	295	metal	T197	C0025552
28117211	309	315	heated	T070	C0018837
28117211	323	336	eddy currents	T070	C0013790
28117211	359	379	clinical safety data	T170	C3899555
28117211	408	412	risk	T078	C0035647
28117211	416	431	metallic stents	T074	C0441290
28117211	432	439	heating	T070	C0018837
28117211	445	449	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28117211	454	460	tested	T169	C0039593
28117211	465	471	safety	T062	C1705187
28117211	482	486	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28117211	487	496	protocols	T170	C0442711
28117211	519	525	stents	T074	C0183521
28117211	543	549	stroke	T047	C0038454
28117211	551	558	nitinol	T122,T197	C0068790
28117211	563	570	elgiloy	T122,T197	C0002154
28117211	587	593	stents	T074	C0183521
28117211	599	605	tested	T170	C0392366
28117211	609	615	gelled	T167	C1382104
28117211	616	622	saline	T167	C0036082
28117211	638	647	locations	T082	C0450429
28117211	649	662	at the center	T082	C0205099
28117211	674	678	lobe	T023	C0796494
28117211	686	690	coil	T074	C1705946
28117211	713	721	location	T082	C0450429
28117211	723	728	stent	T074	C0441290
28117211	729	736	heating	T070	C0018837
28117211	741	750	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28117211	766	778	orientations	T082	C1704322
28117211	780	788	parallel	T082	C1254362
28117211	796	805	long axis	T082	C0522487
28117211	809	813	coil	T074	C1705946
28117211	815	823	parallel	T082	C1254362
28117211	831	841	short axis	T082	C0522488
28117211	849	853	coil	T074	C1705946
28117211	859	872	perpendicular	T082	C1295725
28117211	893	897	coil	T074	C1705946
28117211	913	919	stents	T074	C0183521
28117211	928	932	heat	T070	C0018837
28117211	967	971	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28117211	981	985	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28117211	1010	1021	orientation	T082	C1704322
28117211	1023	1030	Heating	T070	C0018837
28117211	1046	1053	greater	T081	C1704243
28117211	1061	1065	lobe	T023	C0796494
28117211	1075	1080	stent	T074	C0183521
28117211	1085	1093	oriented	T082	C1704322
28117211	1094	1109	perpendicularly	T082	C1295725
28117211	1149	1156	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28117211	1157	1171	quantification	T081	C1709793
28117211	1175	1180	stent	T074	C0441290
28117211	1181	1188	heating	T070	C0018837
28117211	1209	1216	heating	T070	C0018837
28117211	1220	1226	stents	T074	C0183521
28117211	1246	1274	Food and Drug Administration	T093	C1708333
28117211	1275	1284	standards	T170	C0038137
28117211	1327	1334	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28117211	1335	1342	testing	T169	C0039593
28117211	1346	1350	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28117211	1379	1388	implanted	T074	C0021102
28117211	1389	1415	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28117211	1418	1428	compatible	T080	C1524057
28117211	1429	1435	stents	T074	C0183521
28117211	1439	1453	animal studies	T008	C0683949
28117211	1469	1474	human	T016	C0086418
28117211	1475	1489	safety studies	T062	C1705187
28117211	1498	1506	geometry	T090	C0449829
28117211	1508	1519	orientation	T082	C1704322
28117211	1525	1533	location	T082	C0450429
28117211	1550	1554	coil	T074	C1705946

28117535|t|High HbA1c at onset cannot be used as a predictor for future metabolic control for the individual child with type 1 diabetes mellitus
28117535|a|To study how metabolic control at onset of type 1 diabetes correlates to metabolic control and clinical parameters during childhood until transition from pediatric care to adult diabetes care. Data at onset, three months, one, three, and five years after diagnosis and at transition, on HbA1c and clinical parameters, on 8084 patients in the Swedish pediatric quality registry, SWEDIABKIDS, were used. Of these patients, 26% had been referred to adult diabetes care by 2014. Children with HbA1c < 72 mmol/mol (8.7%) (20% of patients, low group) at diagnosis continued to have good metabolic control during childhood, in contrast to children with HbA1c > 114 mmol/mol (12.6%) (20% of patients, high group) at diagnosis, who continued to have high HbA1c at follow-up. For the individual, there was no significant correlation between high HbA1c at onset and during follow-up. During follow-up, children in the high group were more often smokers, less physically active, and more often had retinopathy than children in the low group (P < .01, .01, .03 respectively). High HbA1c at onset was associated with high HbA1c during follow-up on a group level, but it cannot be used as a predictor of future metabolic control on an individual level. These results emphasize the important work done by the diabetes team in the first years after diagnosis. It is important to continuously set high goals for the achievement of tight metabolic control, in order to decrease the risk of microvascular complications.
28117535	0	4	High	T080	C0205250
28117535	5	10	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28117535	14	19	onset	T080	C0332162
28117535	40	49	predictor	T078	C2698872
28117535	61	78	metabolic control	T044	C1513158
28117535	87	97	individual	T098	C0237401
28117535	98	103	child	T100	C0008059
28117535	109	133	type 1 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011854
28117535	147	164	metabolic control	T044	C1513158
28117535	168	173	onset	T080	C0332162
28117535	177	192	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28117535	207	224	metabolic control	T044	C1513158
28117535	229	237	clinical	T080	C0205210
28117535	238	248	parameters	T033	C0449381
28117535	256	265	childhood	T079	C0231335
28117535	272	282	transition	T052	C2700061
28117535	288	302	pediatric care	T061	C3839839
28117535	306	311	adult	T100	C0001675
28117535	312	325	diabetes care	T061	C0150544
28117535	327	331	Data	T078	C1511726
28117535	335	340	onset	T080	C0332162
28117535	348	354	months	T079	C0439231
28117535	377	382	years	T079	C0439234
28117535	389	398	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28117535	406	416	transition	T052	C2700061
28117535	421	426	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28117535	431	439	clinical	T080	C0205210
28117535	440	450	parameters	T033	C0449381
28117535	460	468	patients	T101	C0030705
28117535	476	523	Swedish pediatric quality registry, SWEDIABKIDS	T170	C0282574
28117535	545	553	patients	T101	C0030705
28117535	580	585	adult	T100	C0001675
28117535	586	599	diabetes care	T061	C0150544
28117535	609	617	Children	T100	C0008059
28117535	623	628	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28117535	658	666	patients	T101	C0030705
28117535	668	671	low	T080	C0205251
28117535	672	677	group	T098	C1257890
28117535	682	691	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28117535	715	732	metabolic control	T044	C1513158
28117535	740	749	childhood	T079	C0231335
28117535	766	774	children	T100	C0008059
28117535	780	785	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28117535	817	825	patients	T101	C0030705
28117535	827	831	high	T080	C0205250
28117535	832	837	group	T098	C1257890
28117535	842	851	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28117535	875	879	high	T080	C0205250
28117535	880	885	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28117535	889	898	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28117535	908	918	individual	T098	C0237401
28117535	930	944	no significant	T033	C1273937
28117535	945	956	correlation	T080	C1707520
28117535	965	969	high	T080	C0205250
28117535	970	975	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28117535	979	984	onset	T080	C0332162
28117535	996	1005	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28117535	1014	1023	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28117535	1025	1033	children	T100	C0008059
28117535	1041	1045	high	T080	C0205250
28117535	1046	1051	group	T098	C1257890
28117535	1068	1075	smokers	T033	C0337664
28117535	1082	1099	physically active	T033	C0556453
28117535	1120	1131	retinopathy	T047	C0035309
28117535	1137	1145	children	T100	C0008059
28117535	1153	1156	low	T080	C0205251
28117535	1157	1162	group	T098	C1257890
28117535	1197	1201	High	T080	C0205250
28117535	1202	1207	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28117535	1211	1216	onset	T080	C0332162
28117535	1221	1236	associated with	T080	C0332281
28117535	1237	1241	high	T080	C0205250
28117535	1242	1247	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28117535	1255	1264	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28117535	1270	1275	group	T098	C1257890
28117535	1310	1319	predictor	T078	C2698872
28117535	1330	1347	metabolic control	T044	C1513158
28117535	1354	1364	individual	T098	C0237401
28117535	1427	1435	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28117535	1436	1440	team	T096	C0871489
28117535	1466	1475	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28117535	1513	1517	high	T080	C0205250
28117535	1518	1523	goals	T170	C0018017
28117535	1532	1543	achievement	T053	C0001072
28117535	1553	1570	metabolic control	T044	C1513158
28117535	1584	1592	decrease	T081	C0547047
28117535	1597	1601	risk	T078	C0035647
28117535	1605	1632	microvascular complications	T047	C3837959

28117698|t|Toxicity of Plant Secondary Metabolites Modulating Detoxification Genes Expression for Natural Red Palm Weevil Pesticide Development
28117698|a|This study aimed to explore the larvicidal and growth - inhibiting activities, and underlying detoxification mechanism of red palm weevil against phenylpropanoids, an important class of plant secondary metabolites. Toxicity of α-asarone, eugenol, isoeugenol, methyl eugenol, methyl isoeugenol, coumarin, coumarin 6, coniferyl aldehyde, diniconazole, ethyl cinnamate, and rosmarinic acid was evaluated by incorporation into the artificial diet. All of the phenylpropanoids exhibited dose - and time - dependent insecticidal activity. Among all the tested phenylpropanoids, coumarin exhibited the highest toxicity by revealing the least LD50 value (0.672 g/L). In addition, the most toxic compound (coumarin) observed in the current study, deteriorated the growth resulting tremendous reduction (78.39%) in efficacy of conversion of digested food (ECD), and (ECI) efficacy of conversion of ingested food (70.04%) of tenth-instar red palm weevil larvae. The energy - deficient red palm weevil larvae through their intrinsic abilities showed enhanced response to their digestibility resulting 27.78% increase in approximate digestibility (AD) compared to control larvae. The detoxification response of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus larvae determined by the quantitative expression of cytochrome P450, esterases, and glutathione S-transferase revealed enhanced expression among moderately toxic and ineffective compounds. These genes especially cytochrome P450 and GST detoxify the target compounds by enhancing their solubility that leads rapid excretion and degradation resulting low toxicity towards red palm weevil larvae. On the other hand, the most toxic (coumarin) silenced the genes involved in the red palm weevil detoxification mechanism. Based on the toxicity, growth retarding, and masking detoxification activities, coumarin could be a useful future natural red palm weevil - controlling agent.
28117698	0	8	Toxicity	T037	C0600688
28117698	12	17	Plant	T002	C0032098
28117698	18	27	Secondary	T081	C0205436
28117698	28	39	Metabolites	T123	C0870883
28117698	40	50	Modulating	T082	C0443264
28117698	51	65	Detoxification	T040	C0025516
28117698	66	82	Genes Expression	T045	C0017262
28117698	87	110	Natural Red Palm Weevil	T204	C1642934
28117698	111	120	Pesticide	T131	C0031253
28117698	121	132	Development	T169	C1527148
28117698	138	143	study	T062	C2603343
28117698	165	175	larvicidal	T204	C0023047
28117698	180	186	growth	T040	C0018270
28117698	189	210	inhibiting activities	T052	C3463820
28117698	227	251	detoxification mechanism	T040	C0025516
28117698	255	270	red palm weevil	T204	C1642934
28117698	279	295	phenylpropanoids	T131	C0018626
28117698	319	324	plant	T002	C0032098
28117698	325	334	secondary	T081	C0205436
28117698	335	346	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28117698	348	356	Toxicity	T037	C0600688
28117698	360	369	α-asarone	T109,T121	C4307708
28117698	371	378	eugenol	T109,T121	C0015153
28117698	380	390	isoeugenol	T109	C0063964
28117698	392	406	methyl eugenol	T109,T131	C0066372
28117698	408	425	methyl isoeugenol	T109,T123	C0064009
28117698	427	435	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28117698	437	447	coumarin 6	T109	C1870641
28117698	449	467	coniferyl aldehyde	T109,T121	C0652451
28117698	469	481	diniconazole	T109,T121	C0208387
28117698	483	498	ethyl cinnamate	T109	C1121593
28117698	504	519	rosmarinic acid	T109,T121	C0073590
28117698	524	533	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28117698	537	550	incorporation	T169	C0243126
28117698	560	570	artificial	T080	C2004457
28117698	571	575	diet	T168	C0012155
28117698	588	604	phenylpropanoids	T131	C0018626
28117698	615	619	dose	T081	C1512045
28117698	626	630	time	T079	C0040223
28117698	633	642	dependent	T080	C0851827
28117698	643	664	insecticidal activity	T033	C0243095
28117698	680	686	tested	T169	C0039593
28117698	687	703	phenylpropanoids	T131	C0018626
28117698	705	713	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28117698	728	735	highest	T080	C1522410
28117698	736	744	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28117698	762	767	least	T080	C0205251
28117698	768	772	LD50	T081	C0023378
28117698	773	778	value	T081	C1522609
28117698	814	819	toxic	T080	C1407029
28117698	820	828	compound	T109,T121	C0010206
28117698	830	838	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28117698	840	848	observed	T169	C1441672
28117698	856	869	current study	T062	C2603343
28117698	888	894	growth	T040	C0018270
28117698	895	904	resulting	T169	C0332294
28117698	916	925	reduction	T080	C0392756
28117698	938	946	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28117698	950	960	conversion	T169	C0439836
28117698	964	977	digested food	T031	C0558297
28117698	979	982	ECD	T080	C0205556
28117698	990	993	ECI	T080	C0205556
28117698	995	1003	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28117698	1007	1017	conversion	T169	C0439836
28117698	1021	1034	ingested food	UnknownType	C1179481
28117698	1047	1059	tenth-instar	T040	C1160223
28117698	1060	1075	red palm weevil	T204	C1642934
28117698	1076	1082	larvae	T204	C0023047
28117698	1088	1094	energy	T081	C1442080
28117698	1097	1106	deficient	T169	C0011155
28117698	1107	1122	red palm weevil	T204	C1642934
28117698	1123	1129	larvae	T204	C0023047
28117698	1144	1153	intrinsic	T169	C0439674
28117698	1154	1163	abilities	T032	C0085732
28117698	1171	1179	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28117698	1180	1188	response	T032	C0871261
28117698	1198	1211	digestibility	T081	C0392762
28117698	1212	1221	resulting	T169	C0332294
28117698	1229	1237	increase	T169	C0442805
28117698	1241	1252	approximate	T080	C0332232
28117698	1253	1266	digestibility	T081	C0392762
28117698	1268	1270	AD	T080	C0332232
28117698	1272	1280	compared	T052	C1707455
28117698	1284	1291	control	T080	C0243148
28117698	1292	1298	larvae	T204	C0023047
28117698	1304	1327	detoxification response	T040	C0025516
28117698	1331	1356	Rhynchophorus ferrugineus	T204	C1642934
28117698	1357	1363	larvae	T204	C0023047
28117698	1382	1394	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28117698	1395	1405	expression	T045	C0017262
28117698	1409	1424	cytochrome P450	T116,T126	C0010762
28117698	1426	1435	esterases	T116,T126	C0014894
28117698	1441	1466	glutathione S-transferase	T116,T126	C0017837
28117698	1476	1484	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28117698	1485	1495	expression	T045	C0017262
28117698	1513	1518	toxic	T080	C1407029
28117698	1523	1534	ineffective	T080	C0205556
28117698	1535	1544	compounds	T131	C0018626
28117698	1552	1557	genes	T028	C0017337
28117698	1569	1584	cytochrome P450	T116,T126	C0010762
28117698	1589	1592	GST	T116,T126	C0017837
28117698	1593	1601	detoxify	T040	C0025516
28117698	1606	1622	target compounds	T131	C0018626
28117698	1626	1635	enhancing	T052	C2349975
28117698	1642	1652	solubility	T080	C0037628
28117698	1670	1679	excretion	T039	C0221102
28117698	1684	1695	degradation	T040	C0699900
28117698	1696	1705	resulting	T169	C0332294
28117698	1706	1709	low	T080	C0205251
28117698	1710	1718	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28117698	1727	1742	red palm weevil	T204	C1642934
28117698	1743	1749	larvae	T204	C0023047
28117698	1779	1784	toxic	T080	C1407029
28117698	1786	1794	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28117698	1809	1814	genes	T028	C0017337
28117698	1831	1846	red palm weevil	T204	C1642934
28117698	1847	1871	detoxification mechanism	T040	C0025516
28117698	1886	1894	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28117698	1896	1902	growth	T040	C0018270
28117698	1903	1912	retarding	T080	C0521111
28117698	1926	1951	detoxification activities	T040	C0025516
28117698	1953	1961	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28117698	1973	1979	useful	T080	C3827682
28117698	1980	1986	future	T079	C0016884
28117698	1987	2010	natural red palm weevil	T204	C1642934
28117698	2013	2024	controlling	T169	C2587213
28117698	2025	2030	agent	T120	C0450442

28117729|t|The Association between Warning Label Requirements and Cigarette Smoking Prevalence by Education-Findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)
28117729|a|The Guidelines for the implementation of Article 11 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) require that cigarette health warning labels should include pictures and take up 50% or more of the principal display area. This study examined how the association between large pictorial warnings, those covering ≥50% of the front and back of the package, and the prevalence of cigarette smoking varies by educational attainment. We pooled individual-level tobacco use data from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) in 18 countries between 2008 and 2013 and linked them with warning label requirements during the same period from the MPOWER database and reports regarding warnings. The respondents ' self-reported exposure to warnings was examined according to education. Logistic regressions were further employed to analyze education- specific associations between large pictorial warnings and smoking prevalence, and whether such association differed by education was examined using an interaction test. At the time of the survey, eight out of 18 countries had imposed graphic warning labels that covered ≥50% of the package. These warnings were associated with a 10.0% (OR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.97; p ≤ 0.01) lower cigarette smoking prevalence among adults with less than a secondary education or no formal education, but not among respondents with at least a secondary education. Less educated respondents were also less likely to be exposed to warnings in all 18 countries. The association between strong warnings and lower smoking prevalence among less educated respondents could be greater if their exposure to warnings increases. Prominent pictorial warning labels can potentially reduce health disparities resulting from smoking across different education levels.
28117729	4	15	Association	T080	C0439849
28117729	24	37	Warning Label	T170	C0687677
28117729	55	72	Cigarette Smoking	T055	C0700219
28117729	73	83	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
28117729	87	105	Education-Findings	T033	C0013658
28117729	115	142	Global Adult Tobacco Survey	T062	C0242481
28117729	144	148	GATS	T062	C0242481
28117729	154	164	Guidelines	T170	C0162791
28117729	173	187	implementation	T052	C1708476
28117729	209	287	World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)	T093	C0043237
28117729	301	332	cigarette health warning labels	T170	C0687677
28117729	348	356	pictures	T073	C0441469
28117729	388	410	principal display area	T082	C1254362
28117729	417	422	study	T062	C2603343
28117729	423	431	examined	T033	C0332128
28117729	440	451	association	T080	C0439849
28117729	476	484	warnings	T064	C0871599
28117729	535	542	package	T073	C2700580
28117729	552	562	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28117729	566	583	cigarette smoking	T055	C0700219
28117729	594	616	educational attainment	T033	C0013658
28117729	628	656	individual-level tobacco use	T055	C0543414
28117729	657	661	data	UnknownType	C0814855
28117729	671	698	Global Adult Tobacco Survey	T062	C0242481
28117729	700	704	GATS	T062	C0242481
28117729	712	721	countries	T083	C0454664
28117729	765	778	warning label	T170	C0687677
28117729	824	839	MPOWER database	T170	C0242356
28117729	862	870	warnings	T064	C0871599
28117729	876	887	respondents	T098	C0282122
28117729	904	915	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28117729	916	924	warnings	T064	C0871599
28117729	929	937	examined	T033	C0332128
28117729	951	960	education	T033	C0013658
28117729	962	982	Logistic regressions	T062	C0206031
28117729	1016	1026	education-	T033	C0013658
28117729	1036	1048	associations	T080	C0439849
28117729	1073	1081	warnings	T064	C0871599
28117729	1086	1093	smoking	T055	C0700219
28117729	1094	1104	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28117729	1123	1134	association	T080	C0439849
28117729	1147	1156	education	T033	C0013658
28117729	1161	1169	examined	T033	C0332128
28117729	1179	1195	interaction test	T169	C0039593
28117729	1216	1222	survey	T062	C0242481
28117729	1240	1249	countries	T083	C0454664
28117729	1270	1284	warning labels	T170	C0687677
28117729	1310	1317	package	T073	C2700580
28117729	1325	1333	warnings	T064	C0871599
28117729	1364	1366	OR	T081	C0028873
28117729	1379	1381	CI	T081	C0009667
28117729	1395	1396	p	T081	C0033105
28117729	1411	1428	cigarette smoking	T055	C0700219
28117729	1429	1439	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28117729	1446	1452	adults	T100	C0001675
28117729	1470	1489	secondary education	T033	C1552030
28117729	1493	1512	no formal education	T033	C0557286
28117729	1528	1539	respondents	T098	C0282122
28117729	1556	1575	secondary education	T033	C1552030
28117729	1577	1590	Less educated	UnknownType	C0524325
28117729	1591	1602	respondents	T098	C0282122
28117729	1642	1650	warnings	T064	C0871599
28117729	1661	1670	countries	T083	C0454664
28117729	1676	1687	association	T080	C0439849
28117729	1703	1711	warnings	T064	C0871599
28117729	1722	1729	smoking	T055	C0700219
28117729	1730	1740	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28117729	1747	1760	less educated	UnknownType	C0524325
28117729	1761	1772	respondents	T098	C0282122
28117729	1799	1810	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28117729	1811	1819	warnings	T064	C0871599
28117729	1851	1865	warning labels	T170	C0687677
28117729	1889	1907	health disparities	T033	C1171307
28117729	1923	1930	smoking	T055	C0700219
28117729	1948	1964	education levels	T033	C0013658

28117911|t|Sperm dimorphism in the Triatoma brasiliensis species complex and its applications
28117911|a|Morphological and structural features of the sperm of the Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) species complex were examined in this first study investigating the sperm of Heteroptera and the genus Triatoma. Males were dissected and their seminal vesicles removed. For measurement, seminal vesicles were squashed on glass slides, spread, fixed and observed under a photomicroscope. The images were analysed and measures of sperm were made. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test to detect differentiation among taxa. Furthermore, seminal vesicles were prepared for studies of transmission electron microscopy. All taxa studied showed polymorphic (short and long) sperm. The sperm of Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma was significantly longer (in total length) than that of the other four members of the complex, which supports the hypothesis of hybrid speciation of this member of the complex as an increase in the size of typical hybrids under heterosis was previously shown. The sperm cells of the five taxa have similar ultrastructural morphology. The ultrastructural features observed confirm the hypothesis, raised by previous studies, that they are synapomorphic to the suborder Heteroptera.
28117911	0	5	Sperm	T025	C0037868
28117911	6	16	dimorphism	T042	C1254358
28117911	24	45	Triatoma brasiliensis	T204	C1025288
28117911	46	61	species complex	T185	C1705920
28117911	70	82	applications	T169	C0457083
28117911	83	96	Morphological	T080	C1521970
28117911	101	120	structural features	T080	C1521970
28117911	128	133	sperm	T025	C0037868
28117911	141	168	Triatoma brasiliensis Neiva	T204	C1025288
28117911	176	185	Hemiptera	T204	C0018992
28117911	187	197	Reduviidae	T204	C0034920
28117911	199	214	species complex	T185	C1705920
28117911	220	228	examined	T033	C0332128
28117911	243	248	study	T062	C2603343
28117911	249	262	investigating	T169	C1292732
28117911	267	272	sperm	T025	C0037868
28117911	276	287	Heteroptera	T204	C0544262
28117911	296	301	genus	T185	C1708235
28117911	302	310	Triatoma	T204	C0040871
28117911	312	317	Males	T032	C0086582
28117911	323	332	dissected	T169	C0205239
28117911	343	359	seminal vesicles	T023	C0036628
28117911	360	367	removed	T080	C0849355
28117911	373	384	measurement	T169	C0242485
28117911	386	402	seminal vesicles	T023	C0036628
28117911	420	432	glass slides	T075	C0444330
28117911	434	440	spread	T080	C0332261
28117911	442	447	fixed	T067	C3714578
28117911	452	460	observed	T169	C1441672
28117911	469	484	photomicroscope	T074	C0181839
28117911	490	496	images	T170	C1704922
28117911	515	523	measures	T081	C0079809
28117911	527	532	sperm	T025	C0037868
28117911	544	548	Data	T078	C1511726
28117911	569	597	one-way analysis of variance	T081	C1709320
28117911	602	614	Tukey's test	T059	C0022885
28117911	618	624	detect	T033	C0442726
28117911	625	640	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28117911	647	651	taxa	T077	C1515221
28117911	666	682	seminal vesicles	T023	C0036628
28117911	688	696	prepared	T033	C4082130
28117911	701	708	studies	T062	C2603343
28117911	712	744	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
28117911	750	754	taxa	T077	C1515221
28117911	755	762	studied	T062	C2603343
28117911	770	781	polymorphic	T080	C1882417
28117911	783	788	short	T081	C1806781
28117911	793	797	long	T080	C0205166
28117911	799	804	sperm	T025	C0037868
28117911	810	815	sperm	T025	C0037868
28117911	819	854	Triatoma brasiliensis macromelasoma	T204	C0684063
28117911	873	879	longer	T080	C0205166
28117911	884	896	total length	T081	C1444754
28117911	926	933	members	T098	C0680022
28117911	941	948	complex	T185	C1705920
28117911	969	979	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28117911	983	1000	hybrid speciation	T070	C1254365
28117911	1009	1015	member	T098	C0680022
28117911	1023	1030	complex	T185	C1705920
28117911	1037	1045	increase	T169	C0442805
28117911	1053	1057	size	T082	C0456389
28117911	1069	1076	hybrids	T001	C0020205
28117911	1083	1092	heterosis	T081	C0020201
28117911	1119	1130	sperm cells	T025	C0037868
28117911	1143	1147	taxa	T077	C1515221
28117911	1161	1176	ultrastructural	T078	C0041623
28117911	1177	1187	morphology	T080	C0332437
28117911	1193	1208	ultrastructural	T078	C0041623
28117911	1209	1217	features	T080	C1521970
28117911	1239	1249	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28117911	1293	1306	synapomorphic	T080	C0205556
28117911	1314	1322	suborder	T185	C1710232
28117911	1323	1334	Heteroptera	T204	C0544262

28117965|t|Photosensitizer Decorated Red Blood Cells as an Ultra-Sensitive Light-Responsive Drug Delivery System
28117965|a|Red blood cells (RBCs), the most abundant type of cells in our blood, have shown promises as a natural drug delivery system (DDS) with inherent biocompatibility. Herein, we uncover that a photosensitizer, chlorin e6 (Ce6), could be decorated into the membrane of RBCs upon simple mixing, without affecting the membrane integrity and stability in dark. Upon light irradiation with a rather low power density, the generated singlet oxygen by Ce6 as the result of photodynamic effect would lead to rather efficient disruption of RBC membrane. With doxorubicin (DOX), a typical chemotherapy drug, as the model, we engineer a unique type of light-responsive RBC-based DDS by decorating Ce6 on the cell membrane and loading DOX inside cells. The light triggered cell membrane break down would thus trigger instant release of DOX, enabling light-controlled chemotherapy with great specificity. Beyond that, our RBC system could also be utilized for loading of larger biomolecules such as enzymes, whose release as well as catalytic function is also controlled by light. Our work thus presents a unique type of biocompatible cell-based DDS that can be precisely controlled by mild external stimuli, promising not only for cancer therapy but also for other potential applications in biotechnologies.
28117965	0	15	Photosensitizer	T121	C0162713
28117965	16	25	Decorated	T067	C1254366
28117965	26	41	Red Blood Cells	T025	C0014792
28117965	48	101	Ultra-Sensitive Light-Responsive Drug Delivery System	T074	C0085104
28117965	102	117	Red blood cells	T025	C0014792
28117965	119	123	RBCs	T025	C0014792
28117965	135	143	abundant	T080	C2346714
28117965	152	157	cells	T025	C0007634
28117965	165	170	blood	T031	C0005767
28117965	197	225	natural drug delivery system	T070	C1254365
28117965	227	230	DDS	T070	C1254365
28117965	246	262	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28117965	290	305	photosensitizer	T121	C0162713
28117965	307	317	chlorin e6	T109,T121	C0055367
28117965	319	322	Ce6	T109,T121	C0055367
28117965	334	343	decorated	T067	C1254366
28117965	353	361	membrane	T026	C0596901
28117965	365	369	RBCs	T025	C0014792
28117965	382	388	mixing	T080	C1720722
28117965	412	420	membrane	T026	C0596901
28117965	421	430	integrity	T080	C1947912
28117965	435	444	stability	T080	C0205360
28117965	459	464	light	T070	C0023693
28117965	465	476	irradiation	T070	C1282930
28117965	501	508	density	T081	C0178587
28117965	514	523	generated	T052	C3146294
28117965	524	538	singlet oxygen	T123,T196	C0074565
28117965	542	545	Ce6	T109,T121	C0055367
28117965	553	582	result of photodynamic effect	UnknownType	C0940920
28117965	614	624	disruption	T169	C0332453
28117965	628	631	RBC	T025	C0014792
28117965	632	640	membrane	T026	C0596901
28117965	647	658	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28117965	660	663	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28117965	660	663	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28117965	676	688	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28117965	689	693	drug	T121	C0013227
28117965	702	707	model	T170	C3161035
28117965	738	768	light-responsive RBC-based DDS	T074	C0085104
28117965	772	782	decorating	T067	C1254366
28117965	783	786	Ce6	T109,T121	C0055367
28117965	794	807	cell membrane	T026	C0007603
28117965	820	823	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28117965	831	836	cells	T025	C0007634
28117965	842	847	light	T070	C0023693
28117965	848	857	triggered	T080	C1444748
28117965	858	871	cell membrane	T026	C0007603
28117965	894	901	trigger	T080	C1444748
28117965	921	924	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28117965	935	964	light-controlled chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28117965	976	987	specificity	T081	C0037791
28117965	1006	1009	RBC	T025	C0014792
28117965	1062	1074	biomolecules	T167	C0567416
28117965	1083	1090	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28117965	1117	1126	catalytic	T070	C0007382
28117965	1127	1135	function	T169	C0542341
28117965	1158	1163	light	T070	C0023693
28117965	1169	1173	work	T057	C0043227
28117965	1205	1233	biocompatible cell-based DDS	T074	C0085104
28117965	1284	1291	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28117965	1316	1330	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
28117965	1360	1372	applications	T169	C4048755
28117965	1376	1391	biotechnologies	T091	C0005574

28118085|t|The Role of Simulation in Surgical Education
28118085|a|The current healthcare environment demands optimization of patient outcomes in addition to maximal cost efficiency. Restrictions on resident work hours have placed limitations on the amount of time that trainee physicians can spend on patient care. For the surgery resident, the consequence is less time spent in the operating room under the supervision of a senior surgeon, the cornerstone of Halsted's approach to resident surgeon education. The use of simulation in graduate medical education has gained significant traction as a way to provide trainees with exposure to various techniques and procedures before use on the general patient population. This article describes simulation - based education with particular attention to surgical education. It proceeds to address competency-based education and mastery learning (ML) as key features of effective surgery education programs. A case study of ML in surgery is presented along with examples of translational medical education science from other medical specialties. The report concludes with a brief discussion about simulation - based surgical education today and prospects for the future.
28118085	4	8	Role	T077	C1705810
28118085	12	22	Simulation	T062	C0679083
28118085	26	44	Surgical Education	T065	C0013631
28118085	49	56	current	T079	C0521116
28118085	57	79	healthcare environment	T073,T093	C0018704
28118085	88	100	optimization	T052	C2698650
28118085	104	120	patient outcomes	T078	C1547647
28118085	121	135	in addition to	T169	C0332287
28118085	136	143	maximal	T080	C0205289
28118085	144	148	cost	T081	C0010186
28118085	149	159	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28118085	161	173	Restrictions	T169	C0443288
28118085	177	185	resident	T097	C1320928
28118085	186	190	work	T057	C0043227
28118085	191	196	hours	T079	C0439227
28118085	202	208	placed	T169	C0332286
28118085	209	220	limitations	T169	C0449295
28118085	228	234	amount	T081	C1265611
28118085	238	242	time	T079	C0040223
28118085	248	266	trainee physicians	T097	C0031831
28118085	271	276	spend	T081	C0680968
28118085	280	292	patient care	T058	C0017313
28118085	302	309	surgery	T169	C0038895
28118085	310	318	resident	T097	C1320928
28118085	324	335	consequence	T169	C0686907
28118085	339	343	less	T081	C0439092
28118085	344	348	time	T079	C0040223
28118085	349	354	spent	T081	C0680968
28118085	362	376	operating room	T073,T093	C0029064
28118085	387	398	supervision	T057	C0237902
28118085	404	418	senior surgeon	T097	C0582175
28118085	424	435	cornerstone	T169	C1527178
28118085	439	457	Halsted's approach	T170	C0282574
28118085	461	487	resident surgeon education	T065	C0013631
28118085	493	499	use of	T169	C1524063
28118085	500	510	simulation	T062	C0679083
28118085	514	540	graduate medical education	T065	C0013633
28118085	545	551	gained	T081	C1517378
28118085	552	563	significant	T078	C0750502
28118085	564	572	traction	T078	C1254370
28118085	585	592	provide	T052	C1999230
28118085	593	601	trainees	T097	C0031831
28118085	607	618	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28118085	619	626	various	T081	C0439064
28118085	627	637	techniques	T169	C0449851
28118085	642	652	procedures	T169	C2700391
28118085	660	663	use	T169	C1524063
28118085	671	678	general	T080	C0205307
28118085	679	697	patient population	T101	C0030705
28118085	704	711	article	T170	C1706852
28118085	722	732	simulation	T062	C0679083
28118085	735	740	based	T169	C1527178
28118085	741	750	education	T065	C0013631
28118085	767	776	attention	T041	C0004268
28118085	780	798	surgical education	T065	C0013631
28118085	823	849	competency-based education	T078	C0009494
28118085	854	870	mastery learning	T041	C0870851
28118085	872	874	ML	T041	C0870851
28118085	883	891	features	T080	C2348519
28118085	895	904	effective	T080	C1704419
28118085	905	931	surgery education programs	T065	C0013631
28118085	935	945	case study	T170	C0085973
28118085	949	951	ML	T041	C0870851
28118085	955	962	surgery	T169	C0038895
28118085	966	975	presented	T078	C0449450
28118085	987	995	examples	T077	C1707959
28118085	999	1012	translational	T057	C0040710
28118085	1013	1020	medical	T169	C0205476
28118085	1021	1038	education science	T065	C0597424
28118085	1044	1049	other	T080	C0205394
28118085	1050	1069	medical specialties	T091	C0037778
28118085	1075	1081	report	T170	C0684224
28118085	1082	1091	concludes	T078	C1707478
28118085	1105	1115	discussion	T054	C2584313
28118085	1122	1132	simulation	T062	C0679083
28118085	1135	1140	based	T169	C1527178
28118085	1141	1159	surgical education	T065	C0013631
28118085	1160	1165	today	T079	C0750526
28118085	1170	1179	prospects	T041	C0392347
28118085	1188	1194	future	T079	C0016884

28118200|t|Clinical Observation of Treatment of Chronic Subdural Hematoma With Novel Double Needle Minimally Invasive Aspiration Technology
28118200|a|The aim of the present study was to explore the clinical effects, including the prevention of complications, of the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma with double needle aspiration. The clinical data of 31 patients with chronic subdural hematoma treated by double YL-1 needle double skull drilling and 31 controls treated by traditional drilling and drainage were analyzed retrospectively. In the YL-1 needle group, only 1 patient was with hematoma recurrence, 1 patient was with intracranial pneumocephalus, and the remaining patients who were followed up for 3 months achieved a clinical cure. In the traditional drilling and drainage group, 13 patients were with hematoma recurrence within 3 months after the operation and 7 patients were with postoperative intracranial pneumocephalus. The method of double YL-1 needle is better than the traditional drilling and drainage method for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma because it reduces the postoperative recurrence rate and complications.
28118200	0	20	Clinical Observation	T058	C3889687
28118200	24	33	Treatment	T169	C1522326
28118200	37	62	Chronic Subdural Hematoma	T046	C0749095
28118200	68	128	Novel Double Needle Minimally Invasive Aspiration Technology	T074	C0025080
28118200	133	136	aim	T078	C1947946
28118200	152	157	study	T062	C2603343
28118200	177	193	clinical effects	T080	C3850123
28118200	223	236	complications	T046	C0009566
28118200	245	254	treatment	T169	C1522326
28118200	258	283	chronic subdural hematoma	T046	C0749095
28118200	289	313	double needle aspiration	T074	C0025080
28118200	319	332	clinical data	T170	C1516606
28118200	339	347	patients	T101	C0030705
28118200	353	378	chronic subdural hematoma	T046	C0749095
28118200	379	386	treated	T169	C1522326
28118200	390	408	double YL-1 needle	T074	C0025080
28118200	416	430	skull drilling	T061	C0185154
28118200	447	454	treated	T169	C1522326
28118200	470	478	drilling	T061	C0185154
28118200	483	491	drainage	T061	C0013103
28118200	530	541	YL-1 needle	T074	C0025080
28118200	542	547	group	T078	C0441833
28118200	556	563	patient	T101	C0030705
28118200	573	581	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28118200	582	592	recurrence	T046	C2825055
28118200	596	603	patient	T101	C0030705
28118200	613	640	intracranial pneumocephalus	T047	C0238376
28118200	660	668	patients	T101	C0030705
28118200	696	702	months	T079	C0439231
28118200	714	727	clinical cure	T033	C3640840
28118200	736	756	traditional drilling	T061	C0185154
28118200	761	769	drainage	T061	C0013103
28118200	770	775	group	T078	C0441833
28118200	780	788	patients	T101	C0030705
28118200	799	807	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28118200	808	818	recurrence	T046	C2825055
28118200	828	834	months	T079	C0439231
28118200	845	854	operation	T061	C0543467
28118200	861	869	patients	T101	C0030705
28118200	880	893	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28118200	894	921	intracranial pneumocephalus	T047	C0238376
28118200	927	933	method	T170	C0025663
28118200	937	955	double YL-1 needle	T074	C0025080
28118200	975	995	traditional drilling	T061	C0185154
28118200	1000	1015	drainage method	T061	C0013103
28118200	1024	1033	treatment	T169	C1522326
28118200	1037	1062	chronic subdural hematoma	T046	C0749095
28118200	1086	1099	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28118200	1100	1110	recurrence	T046	C2825055
28118200	1120	1133	complications	T046	C0009566

28118389|t|Rapid Design of Knowledge-Based Scoring Potentials for Enrichment of Near - Native Geometries in Protein-Protein Docking
28118389|a|Protein-protein docking protocols aim to predict the structures of protein-protein complexes based on the structure of individual partners. Docking protocols usually include several steps of sampling, clustering, refinement and re-scoring. The scoring step is one of the bottlenecks in the performance of many state-of-the-art protocols. The performance of scoring functions depends on the quality of the generated structures and its coupling to the sampling algorithm. A tool kit, GRADSCOPT (GRid Accelerated Directly SCoring OPTimizing), was designed to allow rapid development and optimization of different knowledge-based scoring potentials for specific objectives in protein-protein docking. Different atomistic and coarse-grained potentials can be created by a grid-accelerated directly scoring dependent Monte-Carlo annealing or by a linear regression optimization. We demonstrate that the scoring functions generated by our approach are similar to or even outperform state-of-the-art scoring functions for predicting near - native solutions. Of additional importance, we find that potentials specifically trained to identify the native bound complex perform rather poorly on identifying acceptable or medium quality (near - native) solutions. In contrast, atomistic long-range contact potentials can increase the average fraction of near - native poses by up to a factor 2.5 in the best scored 1% decoys (compared to existing scoring), emphasizing the need of specific docking potentials for different steps in the docking protocol.
28118389	16	31	Knowledge-Based	T170	C0022752
28118389	32	39	Scoring	T062	C0036449
28118389	40	50	Potentials	T080	C3245505
28118389	69	73	Near	T080	C1706276
28118389	76	82	Native	T169	C0302891
28118389	83	93	Geometries	T090	C0449829
28118389	97	120	Protein-Protein Docking	T044	C1760028
28118389	121	144	Protein-protein docking	T044	C1760028
28118389	174	184	structures	T116	C1510464
28118389	188	213	protein-protein complexes	T116,T126	C0751283
28118389	251	259	partners	T116,T123	C0033684
28118389	261	278	Docking protocols	T044	C1760028
28118389	312	320	sampling	T078	C0870078
28118389	322	332	clustering	T081	C1704332
28118389	349	359	re-scoring	T062	C0036449
28118389	365	377	scoring step	T062	C0036449
28118389	431	457	state-of-the-art protocols	UnknownType	C0700033
28118389	478	485	scoring	T062	C0036449
28118389	536	546	structures	T116	C1510464
28118389	580	589	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28118389	603	612	GRADSCOPT	T170	C0282574
28118389	614	658	GRid Accelerated Directly SCoring OPTimizing	T170	C0282574
28118389	731	746	knowledge-based	T170	C0022752
28118389	747	754	scoring	T062	C0036449
28118389	755	765	potentials	T080	C3245505
28118389	793	816	protein-protein docking	T044	C1760028
28118389	828	837	atomistic	T078	C0870168
28118389	842	867	coarse-grained potentials	T080	C3245505
28118389	888	953	grid-accelerated directly scoring dependent Monte-Carlo annealing	T081	C0026507
28118389	962	979	linear regression	T081	C0023733
28118389	1018	1035	scoring functions	T062	C0036449
28118389	1096	1130	state-of-the-art scoring functions	UnknownType	C0700033
28118389	1146	1150	near	T080	C1706276
28118389	1153	1159	native	T169	C0302891
28118389	1210	1220	potentials	T080	C3245505
28118389	1258	1264	native	T169	C0302891
28118389	1330	1336	medium	T081	C0439536
28118389	1346	1350	near	T080	C1706276
28118389	1353	1359	native	T169	C0302891
28118389	1385	1394	atomistic	T078	C0870168
28118389	1414	1424	potentials	T080	C3245505
28118389	1462	1466	near	T080	C1706276
28118389	1469	1475	native	T169	C0302891
28118389	1589	1597	specific	T080	C0205369
28118389	1598	1605	docking	T044	C1760028
28118389	1606	1616	potentials	T080	C3245505
28118389	1644	1660	docking protocol	T044	C1760028

28118752|t|The impact of adjunctive guanfacine extended release on stimulant adherence in children / adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder
28118752|a|To assess stimulant adherence among children / adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) augmenting stimulants with guanfacine extended-release (GXR). Inclusion criteria: 6-17 years, ≥1 ADHD diagnosis, ≥1 long-acting and/or short-acting stimulant with GXR augmentation. Modified medication possession ratio (mMPR; days medication available / days in period, excluding medication holidays) was assessed; mMPR < 0.80 nonadherent. Regression models assessed change in mMPR adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Among patients nonadherent to stimulants pre - augmentation (n = 165), unadjusted mean (SD) pre - and post - stimulant mMPRs were 0.68 (0.11) and 0.87 (0.16). Adjusted mean change in mMPR was 0.20 for long-acting versus 0.18 for short-acting stimulants (p = 0.34). Among patients nonadherent to stimulants, GXR augmentation was associated with increased stimulant adherence.
28118752	4	10	impact	T080	C4049986
28118752	14	24	adjunctive	T061	C0677850
28118752	25	35	guanfacine	T109,T121	C0079466
28118752	36	52	extended release	T122	C1707968
28118752	56	65	stimulant	T121	C0304402
28118752	66	75	adherence	T169	C1510802
28118752	79	87	children	T100	C0008059
28118752	90	101	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28118752	107	124	attention-deficit	T048	C0041671
28118752	127	149	hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
28118752	160	169	stimulant	T121	C0304402
28118752	170	179	adherence	T169	C1510802
28118752	186	194	children	T100	C0008059
28118752	197	208	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28118752	214	231	attention-deficit	T048	C0041671
28118752	234	256	hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
28118752	258	262	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28118752	264	285	augmenting stimulants	T120	C0449986
28118752	275	285	stimulants	T121	C0304402
28118752	291	318	guanfacine extended-release	T122	C1707968
28118752	320	323	GXR	T122	C1707968
28118752	326	344	Inclusion criteria	T078	C0243161
28118752	351	356	years	T079	C0439234
28118752	361	365	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28118752	366	375	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28118752	380	391	long-acting	T121	C0304402
28118752	399	421	short-acting stimulant	T121	C0304402
28118752	427	430	GXR	T122	C1707968
28118752	431	443	augmentation	T061	C1293122
28118752	445	481	Modified medication possession ratio	T081	C0456603
28118752	483	487	mMPR	T081	C0456603
28118752	489	493	days	T079	C0439228
28118752	494	504	medication	T058	C2081612
28118752	505	514	available	T169	C0470187
28118752	517	521	days	T079	C0439228
28118752	525	531	period	T079	C1948053
28118752	533	542	excluding	T169	C0332196
28118752	543	553	medication	T058	C2081612
28118752	554	562	holidays	T052	C0019843
28118752	578	582	mMPR	T081	C0456603
28118752	590	601	nonadherent	T033	C3845923
28118752	603	613	Regression	T170	C0034980
28118752	614	620	models	T170	C3161035
28118752	621	629	assessed	T058	C0184514
28118752	630	636	change	T169	C0392747
28118752	640	644	mMPR	T081	C0456603
28118752	645	654	adjusting	T169	C0456081
28118752	659	670	demographic	T102	C0683970
28118752	675	699	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
28118752	707	715	patients	T101	C0030705
28118752	716	727	nonadherent	T033	C3845923
28118752	731	741	stimulants	T121	C0304402
28118752	742	745	pre	T079	C0332152
28118752	748	760	augmentation	T061	C1293122
28118752	772	782	unadjusted	T169	C1439367
28118752	789	791	SD	T081	C0871420
28118752	793	796	pre	T079	C0332152
28118752	803	807	post	T079	C0687676
28118752	810	819	stimulant	T121	C0304402
28118752	820	825	mMPRs	T081	C0456603
28118752	860	868	Adjusted	T169	C0456081
28118752	874	880	change	T169	C0392747
28118752	884	888	mMPR	T081	C0456603
28118752	902	913	long-acting	T121	C0304402
28118752	930	953	short-acting stimulants	T121	C0304402
28118752	972	980	patients	T101	C0030705
28118752	981	992	nonadherent	T033	C3845923
28118752	996	1006	stimulants	T121	C0304402
28118752	1008	1011	GXR	T122	C1707968
28118752	1012	1024	augmentation	T061	C1293122
28118752	1029	1044	associated with	T080	C0332281
28118752	1045	1054	increased	T081	C0205217
28118752	1055	1064	stimulant	T121	C0304402
28118752	1065	1074	adherence	T169	C1510802

28118773|t|Percutaneous microwave ablation with artificial ascites for symptomatic uterine adenomyosis: initial experience
28118773|a|To evaluate the feasibility, safety and technical efficacy of ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation with artificial ascites for adenomyosis. Between May 2015 and May 2016, a total of 25 patients with symptomatic adenomyosis who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation with artificial ascites were included in this retrospective study. A matching cohort of 50 patients underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation without artificial ascites as controls. The technical efficacy, complications and short-term treatment effectiveness were assessed and compared with the controls. Artificial ascites was successfully achieved in all of the 25 patients with the administration of a median of 550 mL (range, 250-1200 mL) of solution. There was substantial improvement in achieving a better antenna path in 100% (20/20) of the cases with a poor antenna path. The complete separation was achieved in 23 of 25 patients. The mean ablation time was 26.5 ± 7.3 min and the median non-perfusion volume ratio was 76% which was similar to the control group (p > .05). No serious complications were observed. Patient pain scores for dysmenorrhoea showed a statistically significant decline from the baseline of 6.71 ± 0.96 to 2.92 ± 0.79 and the symptom severity score declined statistically significantly from 21.8 ± 5.5 to 16.4 ± 4.8 at 3 months follow-up. Percutaneous microwave ablation with artificial ascites is feasible, safe and can be effective in improving access for treatment of adenomyosis.
28118773	0	31	Percutaneous microwave ablation	T061	C3854551
28118773	37	47	artificial	T080	C2004457
28118773	48	55	ascites	T033	C0003962
28118773	60	91	symptomatic uterine adenomyosis	T047	C0341858
28118773	93	111	initial experience	T041	C0596545
28118773	115	123	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28118773	128	139	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28118773	141	147	safety	T068	C0036043
28118773	152	161	technical	T169	C0449851
28118773	162	170	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28118773	174	223	ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation	T061	C3854551
28118773	229	239	artificial	T080	C2004457
28118773	240	247	ascites	T033	C0003962
28118773	252	263	adenomyosis	T047	C0341858
28118773	273	276	May	T079	C3812381
28118773	286	289	May	T079	C3812381
28118773	310	318	patients	T101	C0030705
28118773	324	347	symptomatic adenomyosis	T047	C0341858
28118773	362	411	ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation	T061	C3854551
28118773	417	427	artificial	T080	C2004457
28118773	428	435	ascites	T033	C0003962
28118773	458	477	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28118773	481	489	matching	T062	C0150103
28118773	490	496	cohort	T098	C0599755
28118773	503	511	patients	T101	C0030705
28118773	522	571	ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation	T061	C3854551
28118773	580	590	artificial	T080	C2004457
28118773	591	598	ascites	T033	C0003962
28118773	602	610	controls	T096	C0009932
28118773	616	625	technical	T169	C0449851
28118773	626	634	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28118773	636	649	complications	T169	C1171258
28118773	654	664	short-term	T079	C0443303
28118773	665	688	treatment effectiveness	T080	C0087113
28118773	694	702	assessed	T052	C1516048
28118773	707	715	compared	T052	C1707455
28118773	725	733	controls	T096	C0009932
28118773	735	745	Artificial	T080	C2004457
28118773	746	753	ascites	T033	C0003962
28118773	771	779	achieved	T033	C0243095
28118773	797	805	patients	T101	C0030705
28118773	815	829	administration	T061	C1533734
28118773	835	841	median	T082	C0549183
28118773	876	884	solution	T122	C0525069
28118773	896	919	substantial improvement	T077	C2986411
28118773	923	932	achieving	T033	C0243095
28118773	942	954	antenna path	T082	C1254362
28118773	978	983	cases	T169	C0868928
28118773	996	1008	antenna path	T082	C1254362
28118773	1014	1033	complete separation	T169	C0205245
28118773	1038	1046	achieved	T033	C0243095
28118773	1059	1067	patients	T101	C0030705
28118773	1073	1091	mean ablation time	T079	C0040223
28118773	1119	1125	median	T082	C0549183
28118773	1126	1152	non-perfusion volume ratio	T081	C1547056
28118773	1186	1199	control group	T096	C0009932
28118773	1222	1235	complications	T169	C1171258
28118773	1251	1270	Patient pain scores	T033	C0582148
28118773	1275	1288	dysmenorrhoea	T046	C0013390
28118773	1298	1323	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28118773	1324	1331	decline	T081	C0282251
28118773	1388	1410	symptom severity score	T081	C0457451
28118773	1411	1419	declined	T081	C0282251
28118773	1420	1447	statistically significantly	T081	C0237881
28118773	1483	1489	months	T079	C0439231
28118773	1501	1532	Percutaneous microwave ablation	T061	C3854551
28118773	1538	1548	artificial	T080	C2004457
28118773	1549	1556	ascites	T033	C0003962
28118773	1560	1568	feasible	T080	C0205556
28118773	1570	1574	safe	T033	C3266157
28118773	1586	1595	effective	T080	C1704419
28118773	1609	1615	access	T082	C0444454
28118773	1620	1629	treatment	T169	C0039798
28118773	1633	1644	adenomyosis	T047	C0341858

28118814|t|Bxb1 phage recombinase assists genome engineering in Drosophila melanogaster
28118814|a|Rapid and reliable genome modifications provide the basis for detailed in vivo functional analysis of any genomic entity (gene, regulatory DNA, non-coding RNA, etc). With the advent of CRISPR / Cas9 genome editing technology, manipulation of a particular genomic locus has become a routine undertaking in variety of model organisms, including the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. To further diversify the available tools for genome engineering, we successfully harnessed the phage recombinase Bxb1 to perform recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) in D. melanogaster. We demonstrate that Bxb1 possesses highly efficient recombinase activity and could be used alone or in conjunction with other currently available recombinases for creating platforms for cassette exchange of targeted loci.
28118814	0	10	Bxb1 phage	T005	C1071338
28118814	11	22	recombinase	T116,T126	C0073020
28118814	31	49	genome engineering	T063	C0017387
28118814	53	76	Drosophila melanogaster	T204	C0013139
28118814	77	82	Rapid	T080	C0456962
28118814	87	95	reliable	T080	C0205556
28118814	96	116	genome modifications	T063	C4277689
28118814	148	155	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28118814	156	175	functional analysis	T058	C0558024
28118814	183	197	genomic entity	T169	C1708234
28118814	199	203	gene	T028	C0017337
28118814	205	219	regulatory DNA	T086	C2329837
28118814	221	235	non-coding RNA	T114	C0887909
28118814	262	268	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
28118814	271	301	Cas9 genome editing technology	T063	C4279981
28118814	303	315	manipulation	T063	C0178659
28118814	332	345	genomic locus	T028	C0678933
28118814	393	408	model organisms	T001	C0029235
28118814	424	457	fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster	T204	C0013139
28118814	504	522	genome engineering	T063	C0017387
28118814	554	559	phage	T005	C1071338
28118814	560	576	recombinase Bxb1	T116,T126	C0073020
28118814	637	652	D. melanogaster	T204	C0013139
28118814	674	678	Bxb1	T005	C1071338
28118814	706	726	recombinase activity	T045	C1148744
28118814	800	812	recombinases	T116,T126	C0073020
28118814	861	874	targeted loci	T028	C0678933

28119222|t|Tailor-made drug carrier: Comparison of formation-dependent physicochemical properties within self-assembled aggregates for an optimal drug carrier
28119222|a|Self-assembled surfactant aggregates, such as micelles and vesicles, have been investigated for their application as drug carriers in the treatment of various diseases. However, the characteristics that decide which aggregate is the best drug carrier for each disease have not yet been clarified. In order to design an optimal drug carrier for each disease, various kinds of self-assembled aggregates, such as spherical micelles, lens-like vesicles, and tube-like vesicles, were evaluated by " multiple techniques " including dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and fluorescence measurement using the Laurdan probe. These studies led to the compilation of a database on the formation-dependent properties of self-assembled aggregates. As the relationship between physicochemical properties of self-assembled aggregates and their functions as drug carriers have been extensively reported, this database can be utilized for designing an optimal drug carrier, i.e., a tailor-made drug carrier.
28119222	0	24	Tailor-made drug carrier	T122	C0013161
28119222	26	36	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28119222	60	86	physicochemical properties	T080	C0871161
28119222	94	108	self-assembled	T044	C0872376
28119222	109	119	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28119222	127	134	optimal	T080	C2698651
28119222	135	147	drug carrier	T122	C0013161
28119222	148	162	Self-assembled	T044	C0872376
28119222	163	173	surfactant	T122	C0038888
28119222	174	184	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28119222	194	202	micelles	T109	C0025938
28119222	207	215	vesicles	T104	C1254350
28119222	250	261	application	T169	C1524063
28119222	265	278	drug carriers	T122	C0013161
28119222	286	295	treatment	T061	C0087111
28119222	307	315	diseases	T047	C0012634
28119222	330	345	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28119222	364	373	aggregate	T080	C0205418
28119222	381	385	best	T080	C1522427
28119222	386	398	drug carrier	T122	C0013161
28119222	408	415	disease	T047	C0012634
28119222	457	463	design	T052	C1707689
28119222	467	474	optimal	T080	C2698651
28119222	475	487	drug carrier	T122	C0013161
28119222	497	504	disease	T047	C0012634
28119222	523	537	self-assembled	T044	C0872376
28119222	538	548	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28119222	558	576	spherical micelles	T109	C0025938
28119222	578	596	lens-like vesicles	T104	C1254350
28119222	602	620	tube-like vesicles	T104	C1254350
28119222	642	661	multiple techniques	T169	C0449851
28119222	674	698	dynamic light scattering	T059	C1882368
28119222	700	733	differential scanning calorimetry	T059	C0006780
28119222	735	774	nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy	T060	C0877853
28119222	780	804	fluorescence measurement	T059	C0037802
28119222	815	822	Laurdan	T109,T130	C0083196
28119222	823	828	probe	T074	C0182400
28119222	836	843	studies	T062	C2603343
28119222	872	880	database	T170	C0242356
28119222	922	936	self-assembled	T044	C0872376
28119222	937	947	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28119222	956	968	relationship	T080	C0439849
28119222	977	1003	physicochemical properties	T080	C0871161
28119222	1007	1021	self-assembled	T044	C0872376
28119222	1022	1032	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28119222	1043	1052	functions	T169	C0542341
28119222	1056	1069	drug carriers	T122	C0013161
28119222	1107	1115	database	T170	C0242356
28119222	1149	1156	optimal	T080	C2698651
28119222	1157	1169	drug carrier	T122	C0013161
28119222	1179	1203	tailor-made drug carrier	T122	C0013161

28119436|t|Validation of the Neogen® Fentanyl ELISA Kit for Blood and Urine
28119436|a|The Neogen® Fentanyl ready-to-use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was validated following the Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology Laboratory Guidelines. Two decision points, 0.5 and 1 ng/mL, were successfully validated for whole blood. For urine, two decision points, 1 and 5 ng/mL, were also successfully validated. The validation included the evaluation of sensitivity, precision, specificity, carryover, plate drift, ruggedness/robustness and a case sample evaluation. The empirically determined limit of detection was 0.25 ng/mL for blood and 0.5 ng/mL for urine. Precision was determined at five different concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 1.5 ng/mL with 15 replicates at each level for whole blood and demonstrated a <2.4% coefficient of variation (CV). In urine, the CV was <5.6% at six different concentrations from 0.5 to 7.5 ng/mL with 15 replicates at each level. Cross-reactivity was evaluated for norfentanyl, acetyl fentanyl, 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine, beta-hydroxythiofentanyl, butyryl fentanyl and furanyl fentanyl.
28119436	0	10	Validation	T062	C1519941
28119436	18	34	Neogen® Fentanyl	T109,T121	C0015846
28119436	35	40	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28119436	49	54	Blood	T031	C0005767
28119436	59	64	Urine	T031	C0042036
28119436	69	85	Neogen® Fentanyl	T109,T121	C0015846
28119436	99	132	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28119436	165	189	Scientific Working Group	T098	C1257890
28119436	194	213	Forensic Toxicology	T090	C1721026
28119436	214	232	Standard Practices	T091	C0086343
28119436	244	254	Validation	T062	C1519941
28119436	258	277	Forensic Toxicology	T090	C1721026
28119436	278	300	Laboratory Guidelines.	T170	C4291774
28119436	371	382	whole blood	T031	C0370231
28119436	388	393	urine	T031	C0042036
28119436	469	479	validation	T062	C1519941
28119436	493	503	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28119436	507	518	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28119436	520	529	precision	T080	C1706245
28119436	531	542	specificity	T081	C0037791
28119436	544	553	carryover	T080	C0205556
28119436	555	566	plate drift	T080	C0205556
28119436	608	618	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28119436	647	665	limit of detection	T081	C2718050
28119436	685	690	blood	T031	C0005767
28119436	709	714	urine	T031	C0042036
28119436	716	725	Precision	T080	C1706245
28119436	759	773	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28119436	813	823	replicates	T080	C1883725
28119436	842	853	whole blood	T031	C0370231
28119436	879	903	coefficient of variation	T081	C0681921
28119436	905	907	CV	T081	C0681921
28119436	913	918	urine	T031	C0042036
28119436	924	926	CV	T081	C0681921
28119436	954	968	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28119436	999	1009	replicates	T080	C1883725
28119436	1025	1041	Cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
28119436	1046	1055	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28119436	1060	1071	norfentanyl	T109	C0214194
28119436	1073	1088	acetyl fentanyl	T109,T121	C3700366
28119436	1090	1121	4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine	T109	C2713534
28119436	1123	1147	beta-hydroxythiofentanyl	T121	C4305828
28119436	1149	1165	butyryl fentanyl	T121	C4305826
28119436	1170	1186	furanyl fentanyl	T109,T121	C0015846

28120334|t|Price variation in the most commonly prescribed ear drops in Southern California
28120334|a|To evaluate the variability and discrepancies among the most commonly prescribed ear drops sold at pharmacies in southern California. Prospective study evaluating 11 commonly used ear drops to treat otologic disorders. Randomly selected drug stores in three major counties in Southern California (Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego) were included. Mean, range, minimum, and maximum prices for each drug were calculated and analyzed. The median income of pharmacy ZIP code was also cross-referenced. Data were collected from 108 pharmacies. The mean prices are noted for each of the individual drugs: Cortisporin (brand) 10 mL, $82.70; neomycin, polymyxin B sulfates, and hydrocortisone (Cortisporin - generic) 10 mL, $34.70; ofloxacin (generic) 10 mL, $99.95; sulfacetamide (generic) 15 mL, $40.18; Ciprodex (brand) 7.5 mL, $194.44; Cipro HC (brand) 10 mL, $233.32; Vosol (brand) 15 mL, $120.75; acetic acid (Vosol - generic) 10 mL, $116.55; VosolHC (brand) 10 mL, $204.14; acetic acid/aluminum acetate (Domeboro - generic) 60 mL, $22.91; and Tobradex (brand) 5 mL, $166.47. There is significant variability among the prices of ear drops across Southern California n pharmacies, which can be a financial burden to patients paying out of pocket or with high deductibles. A state- mandated, publically accessible report of drug prices may help decrease variability and cost by promoting competition among pharmacies. Price negotiations by governmental payers may assist in reducing prices. In the treatment of otologic disorders, clinicians can help reduce costs for patients by prescribing generic ear drop medications and cheaper alternatives when clinically appropriate. 4. Laryngoscope, 2017.
28120334	0	5	Price	T081	C0680994
28120334	6	15	variation	T080	C1705242
28120334	28	36	commonly	T081	C0205214
28120334	37	47	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28120334	48	57	ear drops	T122	C1154187
28120334	61	69	Southern	T082	C1710133
28120334	70	80	California	T083	C0006754
28120334	97	108	variability	T077	C2827666
28120334	113	126	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28120334	142	150	commonly	T081	C0205214
28120334	151	161	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28120334	162	171	ear drops	T122	C1154187
28120334	180	190	pharmacies	T073,T093	C0031322
28120334	194	202	southern	T082	C1710133
28120334	203	213	California	T083	C0006754
28120334	215	232	Prospective study	T062	C0033522
28120334	247	255	commonly	T081	C0205214
28120334	261	270	ear drops	T122	C1154187
28120334	274	279	treat	T061	C0087111
28120334	280	298	otologic disorders	T047	C0013447
28120334	318	329	drug stores	T073,T093	C0031322
28120334	345	353	counties	T083	C0079170
28120334	357	365	Southern	T082	C1710133
28120334	366	376	California	T083	C0006754
28120334	378	389	Los Angeles	T083	C0024015
28120334	391	397	Orange	T083	C0079170
28120334	403	412	San Diego	T083	C0079170
28120334	429	433	Mean	T081	C0444504
28120334	435	440	range	T081	C1514721
28120334	442	449	minimum	T080	C1524031
28120334	455	462	maximum	T081	C0806909
28120334	463	469	prices	T081	C0680994
28120334	479	483	drug	T122	C1154187
28120334	489	499	calculated	T052	C1441506
28120334	504	512	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28120334	518	531	median income	T081	C1708953
28120334	535	543	pharmacy	T073,T093	C0031322
28120334	544	552	ZIP code	T170	C1521842
28120334	580	584	Data	T078	C1511726
28120334	609	619	pharmacies	T073,T093	C0031322
28120334	630	636	prices	T081	C0680994
28120334	656	673	of the individual	T080	C1882141
28120334	674	679	drugs	T122	C1154187
28120334	681	692	Cortisporin	T109,T195	C2363152
28120334	694	699	brand	T170	C0592503
28120334	716	724	neomycin	T109,T195	C0027603
28120334	726	746	polymyxin B sulfates	T116,T195	C0001714
28120334	752	766	hydrocortisone	T109,T121,T125	C0020268
28120334	768	779	Cortisporin	T109,T195	C2363152
28120334	782	789	generic	T121	C0085155
28120334	806	815	ofloxacin	T109,T195	C0028902
28120334	817	824	generic	T121	C0085155
28120334	841	854	sulfacetamide	T109,T121	C0038670
28120334	856	863	generic	T121	C0085155
28120334	880	888	Ciprodex	T109,T121	C1330135
28120334	890	895	brand	T170	C0592503
28120334	914	922	Cipro HC	T109,T195	C0719343
28120334	924	929	brand	T170	C0592503
28120334	947	952	Vosol	T109,T121	C0084986
28120334	954	959	brand	T170	C0592503
28120334	977	988	acetic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
28120334	990	995	Vosol	T109,T121	C0084986
28120334	998	1005	generic	T121	C0085155
28120334	1023	1030	VosolHC	T109,T121	C0724379
28120334	1032	1037	brand	T170	C0592503
28120334	1055	1083	acetic acid/aluminum acetate	T121	C0718207
28120334	1085	1093	Domeboro	T109,T121	C0699643
28120334	1096	1103	generic	T121	C0085155
28120334	1124	1132	Tobradex	T109,T195	C0723765
28120334	1134	1139	brand	T170	C0592503
28120334	1177	1188	variability	T077	C2827666
28120334	1199	1205	prices	T081	C0680994
28120334	1209	1218	ear drops	T122	C1154187
28120334	1226	1234	Southern	T082	C1710133
28120334	1235	1245	California	T083	C0006754
28120334	1248	1258	pharmacies	T073,T093	C0031322
28120334	1275	1291	financial burden	T081	C1512163
28120334	1295	1303	patients	T101	C0030705
28120334	1311	1324	out of pocket	T081	C3815933
28120334	1338	1349	deductibles	T170	C0011131
28120334	1360	1368	mandated	T078	C1548953
28120334	1370	1380	publically	T092	C0678367
28120334	1381	1391	accessible	T080	C0018748
28120334	1402	1406	drug	T122	C1154187
28120334	1407	1413	prices	T081	C0680994
28120334	1432	1443	variability	T077	C2827666
28120334	1448	1452	cost	T081	C0680994
28120334	1466	1477	competition	T057	C0013550
28120334	1484	1494	pharmacies	T073,T093	C0031322
28120334	1496	1501	Price	T081	C0680994
28120334	1502	1514	negotiations	T054	C0680727
28120334	1518	1537	governmental payers	T097	C0871757
28120334	1552	1560	reducing	T080	C0392756
28120334	1561	1567	prices	T081	C0680994
28120334	1576	1585	treatment	T061	C0087111
28120334	1589	1607	otologic disorders	T047	C0013447
28120334	1609	1619	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28120334	1629	1635	reduce	T080	C0392756
28120334	1636	1641	costs	T081	C0680994
28120334	1646	1654	patients	T101	C0030705
28120334	1670	1677	generic	T121	C0085155
28120334	1678	1686	ear drop	T122	C1154187
28120334	1687	1698	medications	T121	C0013227
28120334	1703	1723	cheaper alternatives	T033	C1319506
28120334	1729	1739	clinically	T080	C0205210
28120334	1740	1751	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28120334	1756	1768	Laryngoscope	T074	C0180453

28120398|t|Vitamin D serum levels are cross-sectionally but not prospectively associated with late-life depression
28120398|a|The evidence for a prospective association of vitamin D deficiency with the occurrence of late-life depression is limited. We aimed to study the long-term association between vitamin D serum levels and depression in a large population-based study of older adults. We included 3251 participants from the Rotterdam Study, aged 55 and older with 32 400 person-years follow-up for depression. Baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum levels were analyzed continuously and categorically. Repeated depressive symptoms ' questionnaire assessments were used to assess the change of depressive symptoms. Semistructured psychiatric interviews, and GP records were used to assess incident major depressive disorder according to DSM-IV criteria. Low serum vitamin D levels were cross-sectionally associated with more depressive symptoms. However, low 25(OH)D serum levels were not prospectively associated with change of depressive symptoms (unstandardized beta = 0.02, 95% CI = -0.23; 0.26) or incident MDD (hazard ratio = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.86; 1.05). We observed a cross-sectional but no prospective association between serum vitamin D levels and depression. A cross-sectional association in the absence of the longitudinal association can mostly be attributed to reverse causality or residual confounding. Probably, vitamin D deficiency is not an independent risk factor for depression but co-occurs with late-life depression.
28120398	0	22	Vitamin D serum levels	T059	C0428586
28120398	27	44	cross-sectionally	T080	C0205556
28120398	67	82	associated with	T080	C0332281
28120398	83	103	late-life depression	T048	C0011570
28120398	108	116	evidence	T078	C3887511
28120398	135	146	association	T080	C0439849
28120398	150	170	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28120398	180	190	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28120398	194	214	late-life depression	T048	C0011570
28120398	249	258	long-term	T079	C0443252
28120398	259	270	association	T080	C0439849
28120398	279	301	vitamin D serum levels	T059	C0428586
28120398	306	316	depression	T048	C0011570
28120398	328	350	population-based study	T062	C1709599
28120398	354	366	older adults	T098	C0001792
28120398	385	397	participants	T098	C0679646
28120398	407	422	Rotterdam Study	T062	C0008972
28120398	467	476	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28120398	481	491	depression	T048	C0011570
28120398	493	501	Baseline	T081	C1442488
28120398	502	544	25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) serum levels	T059	C2984945
28120398	550	571	analyzed continuously	T062	C0936012
28120398	600	619	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28120398	622	647	questionnaire assessments	T170	C0451208
28120398	682	701	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28120398	703	740	Semistructured psychiatric interviews	T060	C0204480
28120398	746	756	GP records	T058	C1254363
28120398	770	776	assess	T058	C0184514
28120398	777	785	incident	T067	C1551358
28120398	792	811	depressive disorder	T048	C0011581
28120398	825	840	DSM-IV criteria	T058	C2199206
28120398	846	868	serum vitamin D levels	T059	C0428586
28120398	874	891	cross-sectionally	T080	C0205556
28120398	892	907	associated with	T080	C0332281
28120398	913	932	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28120398	947	967	25(OH)D serum levels	T059	C2984945
28120398	991	1006	associated with	T080	C0332281
28120398	1017	1036	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28120398	1038	1057	unstandardized beta	T081	C0392762
28120398	1070	1072	CI	T081	C0009667
28120398	1091	1099	incident	T067	C1551358
28120398	1100	1103	MDD	T048	C1269683
28120398	1105	1117	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28120398	1130	1132	CI	T081	C0009667
28120398	1162	1177	cross-sectional	T080	C0205556
28120398	1182	1184	no	T033	C1513916
28120398	1197	1208	association	T080	C0439849
28120398	1217	1239	serum vitamin D levels	T059	C0428586
28120398	1244	1254	depression	T048	C0011570
28120398	1258	1273	cross-sectional	T080	C0205556
28120398	1274	1285	association	T080	C0439849
28120398	1308	1320	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
28120398	1321	1332	association	T080	C0439849
28120398	1414	1434	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28120398	1457	1468	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28120398	1473	1483	depression	T048	C0011570
28120398	1488	1497	co-occurs	T079	C2745955
28120398	1503	1523	late-life depression	T048	C0011570

28120711|t|Lipoprotein (a) management: lifestyle and hormones
28120711|a|Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the first cause of mortality developed countries. Moreover, far from diminishing, the cardiovascular risk factors leading towards the development of CVD are on the rise. Therefore, the preventive and therapeutic management which is currently in place is clearly not enough to stop this pandemic. In this context, a major resurgence in interest in lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] has occurred in light of its association with CVD. This series aims to review the basic and clinical aspects of Lp(a) biology. Specifically, the present review considers the current situation regarding the influence of lifestyle, hormones and other physiological or pathological conditions on Lp(a) plasma concentrations which might mitigate the harmful effects of this lipoprotein.
28120711	0	15	Lipoprotein (a)	T116,T123	C0065058
28120711	16	26	management	T169	C0012160
28120711	28	37	lifestyle	T054	C0851537
28120711	42	50	hormones	T125	C0019932
28120711	51	73	Cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28120711	75	78	CVD	T047	C0007222
28120711	115	124	mortality	T081	C0681679
28120711	125	144	developed countries	T080	C0282613
28120711	165	176	diminishing	T081	C0205216
28120711	182	209	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28120711	230	241	development	T169	C1527148
28120711	245	248	CVD	T047	C0007222
28120711	281	291	preventive	T058	C0150369
28120711	296	318	therapeutic management	T061	C0087111
28120711	328	337	currently	T079	C0521116
28120711	382	390	pandemic	T067	C1615608
28120711	400	407	context	T078	C0449255
28120711	443	458	lipoprotein (a)	T116,T123	C0065058
28120711	460	465	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
28120711	471	479	occurred	T079	C2745955
28120711	496	512	association with	T080	C0332281
28120711	513	516	CVD	T047	C0007222
28120711	559	575	clinical aspects	T201	C0683325
28120711	579	584	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
28120711	585	592	biology	T091	C0005532
28120711	612	626	present review	T078	C1552617
28120711	627	636	considers	T078	C0750591
28120711	641	648	current	T079	C0521116
28120711	673	695	influence of lifestyle	T054	C0851537
28120711	697	705	hormones	T125	C0019932
28120711	716	729	physiological	T169	C0205463
28120711	733	756	pathological conditions	T184	C0039058
28120711	760	765	Lp(a)	T116,T123	C0065058
28120711	766	787	plasma concentrations	T081	C0683150
28120711	800	808	mitigate	T067	C1553901
28120711	813	828	harmful effects	T046	C0879626
28120711	837	848	lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023820

28121531|t|Workers not getting help they need to navigate the health care system
28121531|a|Health advocacy services connect employees with advisers who can answer questions and provide advice about using the often - Byzantine health care system. The number of companies offering such services has remained stagnant at about 24% since 2013, according to Optum, and it's a minority of companies that provide other kinds of help for dealing with the health care system.
28121531	0	7	Workers	T098	C1527116
28121531	20	24	help	T080	C1269765
28121531	30	34	need	T080	C0027552
28121531	51	69	health care system	T093	C0018696
28121531	70	94	Health advocacy services	T058	C0086388
28121531	103	112	employees	T097	C0599987
28121531	135	151	answer questions	T058	C0178895
28121531	156	163	provide	T052	C1999230
28121531	164	170	advice	T065	C0018701
28121531	187	192	often	T079	C0332183
28121531	195	204	Byzantine	T083	C0242840
28121531	205	223	health care system	T093	C0018696
28121531	239	248	companies	T073,T092	C0683757
28121531	263	271	services	T058	C0018747
28121531	332	337	Optum	T093	C0596660
28121531	350	358	minority	T080	C0205165
28121531	362	371	companies	T073,T092	C0683757
28121531	377	384	provide	T052	C1999230
28121531	400	404	help	T080	C1269765
28121531	426	444	health care system	T093	C0018696

28121532|t|Boosting a Drug's Market Share Can Cross a Dangerous Line
28121532|a|Hub programs have emerged as a profitable new line of business in the sales and distribution side of the pharmaceutical industry that has got more than its fair share of wheeling and dealing. But they spell trouble if they spark collusion, threaten patients, or waste federal dollars.
28121532	11	17	Drug's	T121	C0013227
28121532	18	30	Market Share	T081	C0680866
28121532	112	120	business	T057	C0085936
28121532	128	133	sales	T057	C0036070
28121532	138	150	distribution	T169	C1704711
28121532	163	186	pharmaceutical industry	T093	C0013185
28121532	219	224	share	T081	C0680866
28121532	241	248	dealing	T057	C0687750
28121532	298	306	threaten	T078	C0749385
28121532	307	315	patients	T101	C0030705
28121532	326	333	federal	T092	C0015737
28121532	334	341	dollars	T081	C0562019

28121552|t|Pedal has been to the metal. Time for some brake?
28121552|a|A Segal report projects an 11.6% rise in prescription drug spending for employees and early retirees in 2017, up slightly from 11.3% in 2016, but that's probably the result of drug companies highballing estimates. Expect the 2017 increase in drug spending to be closer to 8% or 9%.
28121552	0	5	Pedal	UnknownType	C0681601
28121552	22	27	metal	T197	C0025552
28121552	43	48	brake	T073	C0337108
28121552	52	57	Segal	T092	C1561598
28121552	58	64	report	T170	C0684224
28121552	83	87	rise	T169	C0442805
28121552	91	108	prescription drug	T121	C0304227
28121552	109	117	spending	T081	C0680968
28121552	122	131	employees	T097	C0599987
28121552	136	150	early retirees	T033	C0557457
28121552	160	171	up slightly	T033	C3843214
28121552	216	222	result	T169	C1274040
28121552	226	240	drug companies	T093	C0815266
28121552	253	262	estimates	T081	C0750572
28121552	280	288	increase	T169	C0442805
28121552	292	296	drug	T121	C1254351
28121552	297	305	spending	T081	C0680968

28121744|t|Everolimus for Treatment of Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma
28121744|a|Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PMH) is a recently described vascular neoplasm that occurs most commonly in the soft tissue of the distal extremities of young adults. Metastatic PMH can be fatal and there are no effective medications. We describe a case of a 15-year-old boy with metastatic PMH, who responded to treatment with everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor. Immunohistochemistry showed that mammalian target of rapamycin was expressed in PMH biopsy specimens, which may explain the reduction in PMH tumor size following treatment.
28121744	0	10	Everolimus	T109,T121	C0541315
28121744	15	24	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28121744	28	63	Pseudomyogenic Hemangioendothelioma	T191	C0018915
28121744	64	99	Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma	T191	C0018915
28121744	101	104	PMH	T191	C0018915
28121744	130	147	vascular neoplasm	T191	C0282607
28121744	181	192	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28121744	222	234	young adults	T100	C0238598
28121744	236	246	Metastatic	T169	C1522484
28121744	247	250	PMH	T191	C0018915
28121744	258	263	fatal	T080	C1302234
28121744	281	290	effective	T080	C1704419
28121744	291	302	medications	T121	C0013227
28121744	318	322	case	T077	C1706256
28121744	340	343	boy	T100	C0870221
28121744	349	359	metastatic	T169	C1522484
28121744	360	363	PMH	T191	C0018915
28121744	369	391	responded to treatment	T201	C0521982
28121744	397	407	everolimus	T109,T121	C0541315
28121744	411	450	mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor	T121	C2746052
28121744	452	472	Immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28121744	485	514	mammalian target of rapamycin	T116,T126	C1307407
28121744	519	528	expressed	T045	C1171362
28121744	532	535	PMH	T191	C0018915
28121744	536	552	biopsy specimens	T024	C0677862
28121744	576	585	reduction	T080	C0392756
28121744	589	592	PMH	T191	C0018915
28121744	593	603	tumor size	T082	C0475440
28121744	614	623	treatment	T061	C0087111

28122051|t|Low Cytochrome Oxidase 1 Links Mitochondrial Dysfunction to Atherosclerosis in Mice and Pigs
28122051|a|Cytochrome oxidase IV complex regulates energy production in mitochondria. Therefore, we determined the relation of COX genes with atherosclerosis in mice and pigs. First, we compared atherosclerosis in the aortic arch of age-matched (24 weeks) C57BL/6J control (n = 10), LDL-receptor deficient (n = 8), leptin - deficient ob/ob (n = 10), and double knock-out (lacking LDL-receptor and leptin) mice (n = 12). Low aortic mitochondria -encoded cytochrome oxidase 1 in obese diabetic double knock-out mice was associated with a larger plaque area and higher propensity of M1 macrophages and oxidized LDL. Caloric restriction increased mitochondria -encoded cytochrome oxidase 1 and reduced plaque area and oxidized LDL. This was associated with a reduction of titer of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies, a proxy of systemic oxidative stress. Low of mitochondria -encoded cytochrome oxidase 1 was related to low expression of peroxisome proliferative activated receptors α, δ, and γ and of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, co-activator 1 alpha reflecting mitochondrial dysfunction. Caloric restriction increased them. To investigate if there was a diabetic / obesity requirement for mitochondria -encoded cytochrome oxidase 1 to be down-regulated, we then studied atherosclerosis in LAD of hypercholesterolemic pigs (n = 37). Pigs at the end of the study were divided in three groups based on increasing LAD plaque complexity according to Stary (Stary I: n = 12; Stary II: n = 13; Stary III: n = 12). Low mitochondria -encoded cytochrome oxidase 1 in isolated plaque macrophages was associated with more complex coronary plaques and oxidized LDL. Nucleus -encoded cytochrome oxidase 4I1 and cytochrome oxidase 10 did not correlate with plaque complexity and oxidative stress. In mice and pigs, MT-COI was inversely related to insulin resistance. Low MT-COI is related to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and atherosclerosis and plaque complexity.
28122051	0	3	Low	T080	C0205251
28122051	4	24	Cytochrome Oxidase 1	T116,T126	C4284184
28122051	31	56	Mitochondrial Dysfunction	T033	C4021734
28122051	60	75	Atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28122051	79	83	Mice	T015	C0026809
28122051	88	92	Pigs	T015	C0039005
28122051	93	122	Cytochrome oxidase IV complex	T116,T126	C0751066
28122051	133	150	energy production	T039	C0014272
28122051	154	166	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28122051	209	218	COX genes	T028	C0017337
28122051	224	239	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28122051	243	247	mice	T015	C0026809
28122051	252	256	pigs	T015	C0039005
28122051	277	292	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28122051	300	311	aortic arch	T023	C0003489
28122051	365	377	LDL-receptor	T116,T192	C0034821
28122051	378	387	deficient	T169	C0011155
28122051	397	403	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28122051	406	415	deficient	T169	C0011155
28122051	443	452	knock-out	T050	C1522225
28122051	462	474	LDL-receptor	T116,T192	C0034821
28122051	479	485	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28122051	487	491	mice	T015	C0026809
28122051	502	505	Low	T080	C0205251
28122051	506	512	aortic	T023	C0003483
28122051	513	525	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28122051	535	555	cytochrome oxidase 1	T116,T126	C4284184
28122051	559	564	obese	T047	C0028754
28122051	565	573	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28122051	581	595	knock-out mice	T015	C0206745
28122051	600	615	associated with	T080	C0332281
28122051	625	631	plaque	T033	C0332461
28122051	632	636	area	T082	C0205146
28122051	641	658	higher propensity	T081	C2718044
28122051	662	676	M1 macrophages	T025	C0024432
28122051	681	693	oxidized LDL	T116,T123	C0348035
28122051	695	714	Caloric restriction	T061	C1135809
28122051	715	724	increased	T081	C0205217
28122051	725	737	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28122051	747	767	cytochrome oxidase 1	T116,T126	C4284184
28122051	780	786	plaque	T033	C0332461
28122051	787	791	area	T082	C0205146
28122051	796	808	oxidized LDL	T116,T123	C0348035
28122051	819	834	associated with	T080	C0332281
28122051	837	846	reduction	T080	C0392756
28122051	850	887	titer of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies	T059	C2322174
28122051	909	925	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28122051	927	930	Low	T080	C0205251
28122051	934	946	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28122051	956	976	cytochrome oxidase 1	T116,T126	C4284184
28122051	992	995	low	T080	C0205251
28122051	996	1006	expression	T045	C1171362
28122051	1010	1056	peroxisome proliferative activated receptors α	T116,T123	C1451469
28122051	1065	1066	γ	T116,T123	C1743838
28122051	1074	1146	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, co-activator 1 alpha	T116,T123	C1570275
28122051	1158	1183	mitochondrial dysfunction	T033	C4021734
28122051	1185	1204	Caloric restriction	T061	C1135809
28122051	1205	1214	increased	T081	C0205217
28122051	1224	1235	investigate	T169	C1292732
28122051	1251	1259	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28122051	1262	1269	obesity	T047	C0028754
28122051	1286	1298	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28122051	1308	1328	cytochrome oxidase 1	T116,T126	C4284184
28122051	1335	1349	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
28122051	1367	1382	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28122051	1386	1389	LAD	T023	C0226032
28122051	1393	1413	hypercholesterolemic	T033	C3540840
28122051	1414	1418	pigs	T015	C0039005
28122051	1429	1433	Pigs	T015	C0039005
28122051	1507	1510	LAD	T023	C0226032
28122051	1511	1517	plaque	T033	C0332461
28122051	1518	1528	complexity	T169	C3496294
28122051	1604	1607	Low	T080	C0205251
28122051	1608	1620	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28122051	1630	1650	cytochrome oxidase 1	T116,T126	C4284184
28122051	1663	1669	plaque	T033	C0332461
28122051	1670	1681	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28122051	1686	1701	associated with	T080	C0332281
28122051	1707	1714	complex	T080	C0439855
28122051	1715	1723	coronary	T082	C1522318
28122051	1724	1731	plaques	T033	C0332461
28122051	1736	1748	oxidized LDL	T116,T123	C0348035
28122051	1750	1757	Nucleus	T026	C0007610
28122051	1767	1789	cytochrome oxidase 4I1	T116,T126	C4077632
28122051	1794	1815	cytochrome oxidase 10	T116,T126	C1723754
28122051	1839	1845	plaque	T033	C0332461
28122051	1846	1856	complexity	T169	C3496294
28122051	1861	1877	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28122051	1882	1886	mice	T015	C0026809
28122051	1891	1895	pigs	T015	C0039005
28122051	1897	1903	MT-COI	T028	C1537985
28122051	1929	1947	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
28122051	1949	1952	Low	T080	C0205251
28122051	1953	1959	MT-COI	T028	C1537985
28122051	1974	1999	mitochondrial dysfunction	T033	C4021734
28122051	2001	2017	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28122051	2022	2037	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28122051	2042	2048	plaque	T033	C0332461
28122051	2049	2059	complexity	T169	C3496294

28122243|t|Opposing Roles of Acetylation and Phosphorylation in LIFR - Dependent Self-Renewal Growth Signaling in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
28122243|a|LIF promotes self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), and in its absence, the cells differentiate. LIF binds to the LIF receptor (LIFR) and activates the JAK-STAT3 pathway, but it remains unknown how the receptor complex triggers differentiation or self-renewal. Here, we report that the LIFR cytoplasmic domain contains a self-renewal domain within the juxtamembrane region and a differentiation domain within the C-terminal region. The differentiation domain contains four SPXX repeats that are phosphorylated by MAPK to restrict STAT3 activation; the self-renewal domain is characterized by a 3K motif that is acetylated by p300. In mESCs, acetyl- LIFR undergoes homodimerization, leading to STAT3 hypo- or hyper-activation depending on the presence or absence of gp130. LIFR - activated STAT3 restricts differentiation via cytokine induction. Thus, LIFR acetylation and serine phosphorylation differentially promote stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
28122243	9	14	Roles	T080	C1521970
28122243	18	29	Acetylation	T044	C0001038
28122243	34	49	Phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28122243	53	57	LIFR	T116,T129,T192	C0125607
28122243	60	69	Dependent	T169	C3244310
28122243	70	82	Self-Renewal	T043	C1155711
28122243	83	89	Growth	T040	C0018270
28122243	90	99	Signaling	T044	C0037080
28122243	103	129	Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells	T025	C4042879
28122243	130	133	LIF	T116,T129	C0125606
28122243	143	155	self-renewal	T043	C1155711
28122243	159	185	mouse embryonic stem cells	T025	C4042879
28122243	187	192	mESCs	T025	C4042879
28122243	206	213	absence	T080	C0332268
28122243	219	224	cells	T025	C0007634
28122243	225	238	differentiate	T169	C2945687
28122243	240	243	LIF	T116,T129	C0125606
28122243	257	269	LIF receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0125607
28122243	271	275	LIFR	T116,T129,T192	C0125607
28122243	281	290	activates	T052	C1879547
28122243	295	312	JAK-STAT3 pathway	T044	C0037080
28122243	321	336	remains unknown	T080	C0439673
28122243	345	361	receptor complex	T026	C1523873
28122243	362	370	triggers	T080	C1444748
28122243	371	386	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28122243	390	402	self-renewal	T043	C1155711
28122243	429	433	LIFR	T116,T129,T192	C0125607
28122243	434	452	cytoplasmic domain	T026	C1511625
28122243	464	476	self-renewal	T043	C1155711
28122243	477	483	domain	T169	C1880389
28122243	495	515	juxtamembrane region	T026	C1622525
28122243	522	537	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28122243	538	544	domain	T169	C1880389
28122243	556	573	C-terminal region	T087	C1707271
28122243	579	594	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28122243	595	601	domain	T169	C1880389
28122243	616	628	SPXX repeats	T116	C0030956
28122243	638	652	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
28122243	656	660	MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
28122243	664	672	restrict	T169	C0443288
28122243	673	689	STAT3 activation	T043	C2248236
28122243	695	707	self-renewal	T043	C1155711
28122243	708	714	domain	T169	C1880389
28122243	737	745	3K motif	T116	C0660452
28122243	754	764	acetylated	T044	C0001038
28122243	777	782	mESCs	T025	C4042879
28122243	792	796	LIFR	T116,T129,T192	C0125607
28122243	807	823	homodimerization	T044	C1512485
28122243	836	841	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
28122243	842	867	hypo- or hyper-activation	T052	C1879547
28122243	868	877	depending	T169	C3244310
28122243	885	893	presence	T033	C0150312
28122243	897	904	absence	T169	C0332197
28122243	908	913	gp130	T116,T129,T192	C0082758
28122243	915	919	LIFR	T116,T129,T192	C0125607
28122243	922	931	activated	T052	C1879547
28122243	932	937	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
28122243	938	947	restricts	T169	C0443288
28122243	948	963	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28122243	968	976	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28122243	977	986	induction	T169	C0205263
28122243	994	998	LIFR	T116,T129,T192	C0125607
28122243	999	1010	acetylation	T044	C0001038
28122243	1015	1037	serine phosphorylation	T044	C1519253
28122243	1038	1052	differentially	T169	C2945687
28122243	1061	1070	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28122243	1071	1083	self-renewal	T043	C1155711
28122243	1088	1103	differentiation	T169	C2945687

28122459|t|Increased dissolution rates of tranilast solid dispersions extruded with inorganic excipients
28122459|a|The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of Neusilin ® (NEU) a synthetic magnesium aluminometasilicate as an inorganic drug carrier co-processed with the hydrophilic surfactants Labrasol and Labrafil to develop Tranilast (TLT)-based solid dispersions using continuous melt extrusion (HME) processing. Twin-screw extrusion was optimized to develop various TLT / excipient / surfactant formulations followed by continuous capsule filling in the absence of any downstream equipment. Physicochemical characterization showed the existence of TLT in partially crystalline state in the porous network of inorganic NEU for all extruded formulations. Furthermore, in-line NIR studies revealed a possible intermolecular H-bonding formation between the drug and the carrier resulting in the increase of TLT dissolution rates. The capsules containing TLT -extruded solid dispersions showed enhanced dissolution rates and compared with the marketed Rizaben (®) product.
28122459	10	21	dissolution	T061	C1285147
28122459	41	58	solid dispersions	T122	C3859614
28122459	73	82	inorganic	T077	C1881215
28122459	83	93	excipients	T122	C0015237
28122459	155	163	Neusilin	T197	C3714234
28122459	167	170	NEU	T197	C3714234
28122459	184	213	magnesium aluminometasilicate	T121,T197	C0051515
28122459	230	242	drug carrier	T122	C0013161
28122459	265	276	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28122459	277	288	surfactants	T120	C0038891
28122459	289	297	Labrasol	T121	C1099415
28122459	302	310	Labrafil	T120	C0038891
28122459	322	331	Tranilast	T109,T121	C0146337
28122459	333	336	TLT	T109,T121	C0146337
28122459	344	361	solid dispersions	T122	C3859614
28122459	368	393	continuous melt extrusion	T067	C1522240
28122459	395	398	HME	T067	C1522240
28122459	412	432	Twin-screw extrusion	T067	C1522240
28122459	466	469	TLT	T109,T121	C0146337
28122459	472	481	excipient	T122	C0015237
28122459	484	494	surfactant	T120	C0038891
28122459	495	507	formulations	T077	C1705957
28122459	531	538	capsule	T122	C0006935
28122459	539	546	filling	T059	C3830127
28122459	569	589	downstream equipment	T073	C0014672
28122459	591	623	Physicochemical characterization	UnknownType	C0683121
28122459	648	651	TLT	T109,T121	C0146337
28122459	655	664	partially	T081	C0728938
28122459	665	682	crystalline state	T104	C0444626
28122459	708	721	inorganic NEU	T197	C3714234
28122459	739	751	formulations	T077	C1705957
28122459	766	785	in-line NIR studies	T059	C0376519
28122459	806	830	intermolecular H-bonding	T070	C0020276
28122459	853	857	drug	T121	C1254351
28122459	866	873	carrier	T122	C0013161
28122459	903	906	TLT	T109,T121	C0146337
28122459	907	918	dissolution	T061	C1285147
28122459	930	938	capsules	T122	C0006935
28122459	950	953	TLT	T109,T121	C0146337
28122459	964	981	solid dispersions	T122	C3859614
28122459	998	1009	dissolution	T061	C1285147
28122459	1047	1054	Rizaben	T121	C0282555

28122499|t|Uridine stimulate laxative effect in the loperamide - induced constipation of SD rats through regulation of the mAChRs signaling pathway and mucin secretion
28122499|a|Uridine (Urd), which has been reported as a major component of RNA, plays an important role in various biological process including neuroprotection, biochemical modulation and glycolysis, although its role in constipation has yet to be established. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the laxative effects of Urd on chronic constipation. The constipation phenotypes and their related mechanisms were investigated in the transverse colons of SD rats with loperamide (Lop)- induced constipation after treatment with 100 mg/kg of Urd. The number, weight and water contents of stools were significantly higher in the Lop + Urd treated group than the Lop + Vehicle treated group, while food intake and water consumption of the same group were maintained at a constant level. The thickness of the mucosa layer, muscle and flat luminal surface, as well as the number of goblet cells, paneth cells and lipid droplets were enhanced in the Lop + Urd treated group. Furthermore, the expression of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2 and M3 (mAChR M2 and M3) at the transcriptional and translational level was recovered in the Lop + Urd treated group, while some markers such as Gα and inositol triphosphate (IP3) in their downstream signaling pathway were completely recovered by Urd treatment. Moreover, the ability for mucin secretion and the expression of membrane water channel (aquaporine 8, AQP8) were increased significantly in the Lop + Urd treated group compared with Lop + Vehicle treated group. Finally, the activity of Urd was confirmed in primary smooth muscle of rat intestine cells (pRISMC) based on Gα expression and IP3 concentration. The results of the present study provide the first strong evidence that Urd can be considered an important candidate for improving chronic constipation induced by Lop treatment in animal models.
28122499	0	7	Uridine	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	18	26	laxative	T121	C0282090
28122499	27	33	effect	T080	C1280500
28122499	41	51	loperamide	T109,T121	C0023992
28122499	54	61	induced	T169	C0205263
28122499	62	74	constipation	T184	C0009806
28122499	78	85	SD rats	T015	C2699239
28122499	94	104	regulation	T044	C1327386
28122499	112	118	mAChRs	T116,T192	C0034826
28122499	119	136	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28122499	141	146	mucin	T116,T123	C0026682
28122499	147	156	secretion	T038	C0036536
28122499	157	164	Uridine	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	166	169	Urd	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	187	195	reported	T058	C0700287
28122499	201	206	major	T080	C0205164
28122499	220	223	RNA	T114	C0035668
28122499	234	243	important	T080	C3898777
28122499	244	248	role	T077	C1705810
28122499	260	278	biological process	T038	C3714634
28122499	289	304	neuroprotection	T043	C0598958
28122499	306	328	biochemical modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
28122499	333	343	glycolysis	T044	C0017952
28122499	358	362	role	T077	C1705810
28122499	366	378	constipation	T184	C0009806
28122499	393	404	established	T080	C0443211
28122499	425	430	study	T062	C2603343
28122499	435	447	investigated	T169	C1292732
28122499	452	460	laxative	T121	C0282090
28122499	461	468	effects	T080	C1280500
28122499	472	475	Urd	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	479	486	chronic	T079	C0205191
28122499	487	499	constipation	T184	C0009806
28122499	505	517	constipation	T184	C0009806
28122499	518	528	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28122499	547	557	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28122499	563	575	investigated	T169	C1292732
28122499	583	600	transverse colons	T023	C0227386
28122499	604	611	SD rats	T015	C2699239
28122499	617	627	loperamide	T109,T121	C0023992
28122499	629	632	Lop	T109,T121	C0023992
28122499	635	642	induced	T169	C0205263
28122499	643	655	constipation	T184	C0009806
28122499	662	671	treatment	T061	C0087111
28122499	690	693	Urd	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	699	705	number	T081	C0237753
28122499	707	713	weight	T081	C0043100
28122499	718	723	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28122499	724	732	contents	T077	C0456205
28122499	736	742	stools	T031	C0015733
28122499	748	761	significantly	T078	C0750502
28122499	762	768	higher	T080	C0205250
28122499	776	779	Lop	T109,T121	C0023992
28122499	782	785	Urd	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	786	793	treated	T033	C0332154
28122499	794	799	group	T078	C0441833
28122499	809	812	Lop	T109,T121	C0023992
28122499	815	822	Vehicle	T122	C0042444
28122499	823	830	treated	T033	C0332154
28122499	831	836	group	T078	C0441833
28122499	844	855	food intake	T040	C0013470
28122499	860	877	water consumption	T040	C0013123
28122499	890	895	group	T078	C0441833
28122499	917	925	constant	T080	C1948059
28122499	926	931	level	T080	C0441889
28122499	937	946	thickness	T080	C1280412
28122499	954	966	mucosa layer	T024	C0026724
28122499	968	974	muscle	T024	C0026845
28122499	979	999	flat luminal surface	T029	C1180160
28122499	1016	1022	number	T081	C0237753
28122499	1026	1038	goblet cells	T025	C0506994
28122499	1040	1052	paneth cells	T025	C0227276
28122499	1057	1071	lipid droplets	T026	C0230704
28122499	1077	1085	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28122499	1093	1096	Lop	T109,T121	C0023992
28122499	1099	1102	Urd	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	1103	1110	treated	T033	C0332154
28122499	1111	1116	group	T078	C0441833
28122499	1135	1145	expression	T045	C1171362
28122499	1153	1190	muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2	T116,T192	C0384752
28122499	1195	1197	M3	T116,T192	C0289799
28122499	1199	1207	mAChR M2	T116,T192	C0384752
28122499	1212	1214	M3	T116,T192	C0289799
28122499	1223	1238	transcriptional	T045	C1158770
28122499	1243	1256	translational	T045	C3537096
28122499	1257	1262	level	T080	C0441889
28122499	1267	1276	recovered	T080	C0521108
28122499	1284	1287	Lop	T109,T121	C0023992
28122499	1290	1293	Urd	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	1294	1301	treated	T033	C0332154
28122499	1302	1307	group	T078	C0441833
28122499	1320	1327	markers	T201	C0005516
28122499	1336	1338	Gα	T116,T126	C0887847
28122499	1343	1364	inositol triphosphate	UnknownType	C0815032
28122499	1366	1369	IP3	UnknownType	C0815032
28122499	1380	1390	downstream	T082	C0522506
28122499	1391	1408	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28122499	1425	1434	recovered	T080	C0521108
28122499	1438	1441	Urd	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	1442	1451	treatment	T061	C0087111
28122499	1479	1484	mucin	T116,T123	C0026682
28122499	1485	1494	secretion	T038	C0036536
28122499	1503	1513	expression	T045	C1171362
28122499	1517	1539	membrane water channel	T116,T123	C0599635
28122499	1541	1553	aquaporine 8	T116,T123	C1743716
28122499	1555	1559	AQP8	T116,T123	C1743716
28122499	1566	1575	increased	T081	C0205217
28122499	1576	1589	significantly	T078	C0750502
28122499	1597	1600	Lop	T109,T121	C0023992
28122499	1603	1606	Urd	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	1607	1614	treated	T033	C0332154
28122499	1615	1620	group	T078	C0441833
28122499	1621	1629	compared	T052	C1707455
28122499	1635	1638	Lop	T109,T121	C0023992
28122499	1641	1648	Vehicle	T122	C0042444
28122499	1649	1656	treated	T033	C0332154
28122499	1657	1662	group	T078	C0441833
28122499	1677	1685	activity	T052	C0441655
28122499	1689	1692	Urd	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	1710	1731	primary smooth muscle	T024	C1267092
28122499	1735	1738	rat	T015	C0086893
28122499	1739	1754	intestine cells	T025	C0814997
28122499	1756	1762	pRISMC	T025	C1135918
28122499	1773	1775	Gα	T116,T126	C0887847
28122499	1776	1786	expression	T045	C1171362
28122499	1791	1794	IP3	UnknownType	C0815032
28122499	1795	1808	concentration	T081	C1446561
28122499	1814	1821	results	T033	C0683954
28122499	1837	1842	study	T062	C2603343
28122499	1861	1867	strong	T080	C0442821
28122499	1868	1876	evidence	T078	C3887511
28122499	1882	1885	Urd	T114,T121	C0041984
28122499	1907	1916	important	T080	C3898777
28122499	1931	1940	improving	T080	C1272745
28122499	1941	1948	chronic	T079	C0205191
28122499	1949	1961	constipation	T184	C0009806
28122499	1962	1969	induced	T169	C0205263
28122499	1973	1976	Lop	T109,T121	C0023992
28122499	1977	1986	treatment	T061	C0087111
28122499	1990	2003	animal models	T008	C0599779

28122925|t|Interprofessional primary care team meetings: a qualitative approach comparing observations with personal opinions
28122925|a|The number of people with multiple chronic conditions requiring primary care services increases. Professionals from different disciplines collaborate and coordinate care to deal with the complex health care needs. There is lack of information on current practices regarding interprofessional team (IPT) meetings. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the process of interprofessional collaboration in primary care team meetings in the Netherlands by observing the current practice and exploring personal opinions. Qualitative study involving observations of team meeting s and interviews with participants. Eight different IPT meetings (n = 8) in different primary care practices were observed by means of video recordings. Experiences were explored by conducting individual semi-structured interviews (n = 60) with participants (i.e. health care professionals from different disciplines) of the observed team meetings. The data were analysed by means of content analysis. Most participants expressed favourable opinions about their team meetings. However, observations showed that team meetings were more or less hectic, and lacked a clear structure and team coordinator or leader. There appears to be a discrepancy between findings from observations and interviews. From the interviews, four main themes were extracted: (1) Team structure and composition, (2) Patient-centredness, (3) Interaction and (4) Attitude and motivation. IPT meetings could benefit from improvements in structure, patient-centredness and leadership by the chairpersons. Given the discrepancy between observations and interviews, it would appear useful to improve team members ' awareness of aspects that could be improved before training them in dealing with specific challenges.
28122925	0	17	Interprofessional	T054	C0021799
28122925	18	30	primary care	T058	C0033137
28122925	31	44	team meetings	T058	C0589031
28122925	48	59	qualitative	T080	C0205556
28122925	60	68	approach	T082	C0449445
28122925	79	91	observations	T062	C0302523
28122925	97	105	personal	T032	C1519021
28122925	106	114	opinions	UnknownType	C0683292
28122925	129	135	people	T098	C0027361
28122925	141	168	multiple chronic conditions	T047	C3266262
28122925	179	200	primary care services	T058	C0018747
28122925	201	210	increases	T169	C0442805
28122925	212	225	Professionals	T097	C0679924
28122925	241	252	disciplines	T057	C0013996
28122925	253	264	collaborate	T054	C0282116
28122925	269	279	coordinate	T169	C0700114
28122925	280	284	care	T052	C1947933
28122925	310	327	health care needs	T058	C0086388
28122925	338	342	lack	T080	C0332268
28122925	346	357	information	T078	C1533716
28122925	389	406	interprofessional	T054	C0021799
28122925	407	426	team (IPT) meetings	T058	C0589031
28122925	433	438	study	T062	C2603343
28122925	492	509	interprofessional	T054	C0021799
28122925	510	523	collaboration	T054	C0282116
28122925	527	539	primary care	T058	C0033137
28122925	540	553	team meetings	T058	C0589031
28122925	561	572	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
28122925	590	606	current practice	T057	C0033284
28122925	621	629	personal	T032	C1519021
28122925	630	638	opinions	UnknownType	C0683292
28122925	640	657	Qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28122925	668	680	observations	T062	C0302523
28122925	684	696	team meeting	T058	C0589031
28122925	703	713	interviews	T058	C0683518
28122925	719	731	participants	T098	C0679646
28122925	749	761	IPT meetings	T058	C0589031
28122925	783	805	primary care practices	T058	C0033137
28122925	832	848	video recordings	T073	C0042650
28122925	850	861	Experiences	T041	C0596545
28122925	901	927	semi-structured interviews	UnknownType	C0681913
28122925	942	954	participants	T098	C0679646
28122925	961	986	health care professionals	T097	C0018724
28122925	1002	1013	disciplines	T057	C0013996
28122925	1031	1044	team meetings	T058	C0589031
28122925	1050	1054	data	T078	C1511726
28122925	1060	1068	analysed	T062	C0936012
28122925	1081	1097	content analysis	T062	C0681915
28122925	1104	1116	participants	T098	C0679646
28122925	1138	1146	opinions	UnknownType	C0683292
28122925	1159	1172	team meetings	T058	C0589031
28122925	1183	1195	observations	T062	C0302523
28122925	1208	1221	team meetings	T058	C0589031
28122925	1252	1258	lacked	T080	C0332268
28122925	1281	1297	team coordinator	T097	C1711307
28122925	1301	1307	leader	T097	C0401960
28122925	1331	1342	discrepancy	T033	C1290905
28122925	1351	1359	findings	T033	C0243095
28122925	1365	1377	observations	T062	C0302523
28122925	1382	1392	interviews	T052	C0021822
28122925	1403	1413	interviews	T052	C0021822
28122925	1452	1482	Team structure and composition	T098	C1257890
28122925	1488	1507	Patient-centredness	T058	C0243024
28122925	1513	1524	Interaction	T054	C0021797
28122925	1533	1541	Attitude	T041	C0004271
28122925	1546	1556	motivation	T041	C0026605
28122925	1558	1570	IPT meetings	T058	C0589031
28122925	1590	1602	improvements	T077	C2986411
28122925	1617	1636	patient-centredness	T058	C0243024
28122925	1641	1651	leadership	T054	C0023181
28122925	1659	1671	chairpersons	T097	C1524106
28122925	1683	1694	discrepancy	T033	C1290905
28122925	1703	1715	observations	T062	C0302523
28122925	1720	1730	interviews	T052	C0021822
28122925	1758	1765	improve	T077	C2986411
28122925	1766	1778	team members	T096	C1551024
28122925	1781	1790	awareness	T041	C0004448
28122925	1794	1801	aspects	T080	C1879746
28122925	1816	1824	improved	T077	C2986411
28122925	1832	1840	training	T065	C0220931
28122925	1871	1881	challenges	T058	C0805586

28123107|t|Characterization of Phytochrome Interacting Factors from the Moss Physcomitrella patens Illustrates Conservation of Phytochrome Signaling Modules in Land Plants
28123107|a|Across the plant kingdom, phytochrome (PHY) photoreceptors play an important role during adaptive and developmental responses to light. In Arabidopsis thaliana, light-activated PHYs accumulate in the nucleus, where they regulate downstream signaling components, such as phytochrome interacting factors (PIFs). PIFs are transcription factors that act as repressors of photomorphogenesis; their inhibition by PHYs leads to substantial changes in gene expression. The nuclear function of PHYs, however, has so far been investigated in only a few non-seed plants. Here, we identified putative target genes of PHY signaling in the moss Physcomitrella patens and found light-regulated genes that are putative orthologs of PIF-controlled genes in Arabidopsis. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that an ancestral PIF-like gene was already present in streptophyte algae, i.e., before the water-to-land transition of plants. The PIF homologs in the genome of P. patens resemble Arabidopsis PIFs in their protein domain structure, molecular properties, and physiological effects, albeit with notable differences in the motif-dependent PHY interaction. Our results suggest that P. patens PIFs are involved in PHY signaling. The PHY-PIF signaling node that relays light signals to target genes has been largely conserved during land plant evolution, with evidence of lineage-specific diversification.
28123107	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
28123107	20	51	Phytochrome Interacting Factors	T123	C0574031
28123107	61	65	Moss	T002	C0282635
28123107	66	87	Physcomitrella patens	T002	C0996529
28123107	100	112	Conservation	T080	C2347858
28123107	116	145	Phytochrome Signaling Modules	T123	C0574031
28123107	149	160	Land Plants	T002	C1562025
28123107	172	185	plant kingdom	T002	C0032098
28123107	187	198	phytochrome	T116,T123	C0031857
28123107	200	203	PHY	T116,T123	C0031857
28123107	205	219	photoreceptors	T025	C0031760
28123107	250	258	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28123107	277	295	responses to light	T040	C2945741
28123107	300	320	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
28123107	338	342	PHYs	T116,T123	C0031857
28123107	361	368	nucleus	T026	C0007610
28123107	390	421	downstream signaling components	T123	C1519315
28123107	431	462	phytochrome interacting factors	T123	C0574031
28123107	464	468	PIFs	T123	C0574031
28123107	471	475	PIFs	T123	C0574031
28123107	480	501	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
28123107	514	524	repressors	T116,T123	C1336789
28123107	528	546	photomorphogenesis	T039	C1154971
28123107	554	564	inhibition	T040	C2265391
28123107	568	572	PHYs	T116,T123	C0031857
28123107	605	620	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28123107	626	642	nuclear function	T043	C0007613
28123107	646	650	PHYs	T116,T123	C0031857
28123107	704	719	non-seed plants	T002	C0032098
28123107	757	762	genes	T028	C0017337
28123107	766	769	PHY	T116,T123	C0031857
28123107	770	779	signaling	T038	C3537152
28123107	787	791	moss	T002	C0282635
28123107	792	813	Physcomitrella patens	T002	C0996529
28123107	824	845	light-regulated genes	T028	C0017337
28123107	864	873	orthologs	T028	C1335144
28123107	877	897	PIF-controlled genes	T028	C0017337
28123107	901	912	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
28123107	914	935	Phylogenetic analyses	T062	C1519068
28123107	963	976	PIF-like gene	T028	C0017337
28123107	1000	1018	streptophyte algae	T204	C0002028
28123107	1037	1061	water-to-land transition	T052	C2700061
28123107	1065	1071	plants	T002	C0032098
28123107	1077	1089	PIF homologs	T123	C0574031
28123107	1097	1103	genome	T028	C0017428
28123107	1107	1116	P. patens	T002	C0996529
28123107	1126	1137	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
28123107	1138	1142	PIFs	T123	C0574031
28123107	1152	1176	protein domain structure	T116	C1510464
28123107	1178	1198	molecular properties	T080	C1521991
28123107	1204	1225	physiological effects	T039	C1254359
28123107	1282	1285	PHY	T116,T123	C0031857
28123107	1286	1297	interaction	T082	C0596788
28123107	1324	1333	P. patens	T002	C0996529
28123107	1334	1338	PIFs	T123	C0574031
28123107	1355	1358	PHY	T116,T123	C0031857
28123107	1359	1368	signaling	T038	C3537152
28123107	1374	1396	PHY-PIF signaling node	T044	C0037080
28123107	1409	1422	light signals	T067	C1710082
28123107	1433	1438	genes	T028	C0017337
28123107	1473	1483	land plant	T002	C1562025
28123107	1484	1493	evolution	T045	C0015219
28123107	1512	1544	lineage-specific diversification	T077	C1254372

28123213|t|Cigarette Smoking and Sociodemographic, Military, and Health Characteristics of Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom Veterans: 2009-2011 National Health Study for a New Generation of US Veterans
28123213|a|We examined the sociodemographic, military, and health characteristics of current cigarette smokers, former smokers, and nonsmokers among Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) / Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans and estimated smoking prevalence to better understand cigarette use in this population. We analyzed data from the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) 2009-2011 National Health Study for a New Generation of US Veterans. On the basis of a stratified random sample of 60 000 OEF / OIF veterans, we sought responses to a 72-item questionnaire via mail, telephone, or Internet. Cigarette smoking status was based on self-reported cigarette use in the past year. We used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate associations between smoking status and sociodemographic, military, and health characteristics. Among 19 911 veterans who provided information on cigarette smoking, 5581 were current smokers (weighted percentage: 32.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.7-33.2). Current smokers were more likely than nonsmokers or former smokers to be younger, to have less education or income, to be separated/divorced or never married / single, and to have served on active duty or in the army. Comparing current smokers and nonsmokers, some significant associations from adjusted analyses included the following: having a Mental Component Summary score (a measure of overall mental health) above the mean of the US population relative to below the mean (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73-0.90); having physician - diagnosed depression (aOR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.33-1.74), respiratory conditions (aOR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04-1.30), or repeated seizures / blackouts / convulsions (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.22-2.67); heavy alcohol use vs never use (aOR = 5.49, 95% CI: 4.57-6.59); a poor vs excellent perception of overall health (aOR = 3.79, 95% CI: 2.60-5.52); and being deployed vs nondeployed (aOR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.96). Using health care services from the VA protected against current smoking. Mental and physical health, substance use, and military service characteristics shape cigarette-smoking patterns in OEF / OIF veterans.
28123213	0	17	Cigarette Smoking	T055	C0700219
28123213	22	38	Sociodemographic	T102	C0683970
28123213	40	48	Military	T097	C3245458
28123213	54	76	Health Characteristics	T080	C1521970
28123213	80	106	Operation Enduring Freedom	T078	C0178566
28123213	111	134	Operation Iraqi Freedom	T078	C4045979
28123213	135	143	Veterans	T098	C0042610
28123213	155	170	National Health	T078	C0018684
28123213	171	176	Study	T062	C2603343
28123213	183	197	New Generation	T079	C0079411
28123213	201	203	US	T083	C0041703
28123213	204	212	Veterans	T098	C0042610
28123213	229	245	sociodemographic	T102	C0683970
28123213	247	255	military	T097	C3245458
28123213	261	283	health characteristics	T080	C1521970
28123213	287	312	current cigarette smokers	T033	C0337667
28123213	314	328	former smokers	T033	C0337671
28123213	334	344	nonsmokers	T033	C0337672
28123213	351	377	Operation Enduring Freedom	T078	C0178566
28123213	379	382	OEF	T078	C0178566
28123213	386	409	Operation Iraqi Freedom	T078	C4045979
28123213	411	414	OIF	T078	C4045979
28123213	416	424	veterans	T098	C0042610
28123213	439	446	smoking	T055	C0037369
28123213	447	457	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28123213	479	488	cigarette	T073	C0677453
28123213	501	511	population	T098	C1257890
28123213	516	524	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28123213	525	529	data	T078	C1511726
28123213	539	572	US Department of Veterans Affairs	T092	C0041735
28123213	574	576	VA	T092	C0041735
28123213	588	609	National Health Study	T062	C2603343
28123213	616	630	New Generation	T079	C0079411
28123213	634	636	US	T083	C0041703
28123213	637	645	Veterans	T098	C0042610
28123213	665	689	stratified random sample	T062	C0681879
28123213	700	703	OEF	T078	C0178566
28123213	706	709	OIF	T078	C4045979
28123213	710	718	veterans	T098	C0042610
28123213	745	766	72-item questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28123213	771	775	mail	T073	C0024492
28123213	777	786	telephone	T073	C0039457
28123213	791	799	Internet	T073	C0282111
28123213	801	818	Cigarette smoking	T055	C0700219
28123213	819	825	status	T080	C0449438
28123213	839	852	self-reported	T062	C2700446
28123213	853	866	cigarette use	T055	C0694535
28123213	879	883	year	T079	C0439234
28123213	893	924	multinomial logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28123213	958	972	smoking status	T201	C1519386
28123213	977	993	sociodemographic	T102	C0683970
28123213	995	1003	military	T097	C3245458
28123213	1009	1031	health characteristics	T080	C1521970
28123213	1046	1054	veterans	T098	C0042610
28123213	1083	1100	cigarette smoking	T055	C0700219
28123213	1112	1127	current smokers	T033	C3241966
28123213	1161	1180	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28123213	1182	1184	CI	T081	C0009667
28123213	1199	1214	Current smokers	T033	C3241966
28123213	1237	1247	nonsmokers	T033	C0337672
28123213	1251	1265	former smokers	T033	C0337671
28123213	1272	1279	younger	T100	C0238598
28123213	1294	1303	education	T033	C0013658
28123213	1307	1313	income	T033	C1331016
28123213	1321	1339	separated/divorced	T033	C0682073
28123213	1343	1356	never married	T033	C0027952
28123213	1359	1365	single	T033	C0087136
28123213	1389	1400	active duty	T097	C3831794
28123213	1411	1415	army	T092	C0680778
28123213	1417	1426	Comparing	T052	C1707455
28123213	1427	1442	current smokers	T033	C3241966
28123213	1447	1457	nonsmokers	T033	C0337672
28123213	1494	1511	adjusted analyses	T062	C0936012
28123213	1545	1575	Mental Component Summary score	T081	C0449820
28123213	1579	1586	measure	T081	C0079809
28123213	1598	1611	mental health	T041	C0025353
28123213	1635	1637	US	T083	C0041703
28123213	1638	1648	population	T098	C1257890
28123213	1677	1696	adjusted odds ratio	T081	C0456603
28123213	1698	1701	aOR	T081	C0456603
28123213	1715	1717	CI	T081	C0009667
28123213	1738	1747	physician	T097	C0031831
28123213	1750	1759	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28123213	1760	1770	depression	T048	C0011570
28123213	1772	1775	aOR	T081	C0456603
28123213	1788	1790	CI	T081	C0009667
28123213	1804	1826	respiratory conditions	T033	C4062804
28123213	1828	1831	aOR	T081	C0456603
28123213	1844	1846	CI	T081	C0009667
28123213	1872	1880	seizures	T184	C0036572
28123213	1883	1892	blackouts	T184	C0312422
28123213	1895	1906	convulsions	T184	C4048158
28123213	1908	1911	aOR	T081	C0456603
28123213	1924	1926	CI	T081	C0009667
28123213	1940	1957	heavy alcohol use	T033	C2030272
28123213	1961	1970	never use	T033	C0556295
28123213	1972	1975	aOR	T081	C0456603
28123213	1988	1990	CI	T081	C0009667
28123213	2024	2052	perception of overall health	T033	C1268743
28123213	2054	2057	aOR	T081	C0456603
28123213	2070	2072	CI	T081	C0009667
28123213	2096	2104	deployed	T052	C2825812
28123213	2108	2119	nondeployed	T080	C0205556
28123213	2121	2124	aOR	T081	C0456603
28123213	2137	2139	CI	T081	C0009667
28123213	2159	2179	health care services	T058	C0018747
28123213	2189	2191	VA	T092	C0041735
28123213	2210	2225	current smoking	T033	C0337667
28123213	2227	2233	Mental	T041	C0025353
28123213	2238	2253	physical health	T033	C0517226
28123213	2255	2268	substance use	T055	C0694535
28123213	2274	2290	military service	T033	C3714797
28123213	2291	2306	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28123213	2313	2330	cigarette-smoking	T055	C0700219
28123213	2331	2339	patterns	T082	C0449774
28123213	2343	2346	OEF	T078	C0178566
28123213	2349	2352	OIF	T078	C4045979
28123213	2353	2361	veterans	T098	C0042610

28123242|t|CD44 positive / CD24 negative (stem cell like property) breast carcinoma cells as marker of tumor aggression
28123242|a|Cells with stem cell like properties in solid organ malignancies like breast and pancreas have been studied over the last decade and have been found to be associated with poor prognosis. Presence of CD44 positive and CD24 negative tumor cells in breast carcinoma (cells with ' stem cell ' like property) as marker of aggressiveness and poor prognosis was checked for association with various markers of disease aggression like age at presentation, size of tumor, histological grade of tumor, triple negative status, level of micro-vessel density, and nodal status. Single and double staining immunohistochemistry protocol was used for CD24 and CD44 staining. The staining protocol was repeated with more contemporary techniques using fluorescent chromogen also. 52 cases, all females who underwent modified radical mastectomy at a tertiary care hospital over a period of 3 years, were evaluated. No association was found between presence of stem cells and size of lesion, histological grade, triple negative status or micro-vessel density. However, significant association was found with respect to younger age of presentation (p value = 0.044). 20 out of 25 cases with nodal metastasis were positive for presence of stem cells (p value is 0.0003). Further, 18 of these 20 cases also had stem cells in the metastatic nodule. Fluorescent chromogens (FITC and Cyanine Red) revealed similar results. Cases positive for stem cells showed earlier onset of disease and proneness to nodal metastasis.
28123242	0	13	CD44 positive	T025	C0007634
28123242	16	29	CD24 negative	T025	C0007634
28123242	31	40	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28123242	46	54	property	T080	C0871161
28123242	56	78	breast carcinoma cells	T025	C1512505
28123242	82	108	marker of tumor aggression	T123	C0041366
28123242	109	114	Cells	T025	C0007634
28123242	120	129	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28123242	149	160	solid organ	T023	C0440790
28123242	161	173	malignancies	T191	C0006826
28123242	179	185	breast	T023	C0006141
28123242	190	198	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28123242	280	294	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
28123242	308	321	CD44 positive	T025	C0007634
28123242	326	330	CD24	T025	C0007634
28123242	331	351	negative tumor cells	T034	C0332654
28123242	355	371	breast carcinoma	T191	C0678222
28123242	373	378	cells	T025	C0007634
28123242	386	395	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28123242	416	440	marker of aggressiveness	T123	C0041366
28123242	445	459	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
28123242	501	530	markers of disease aggression	T123	C0041366
28123242	536	555	age at presentation	UnknownType	C0814817
28123242	557	570	size of tumor	T082	C0475440
28123242	572	599	histological grade of tumor	T185	C0456201
28123242	601	623	triple negative status	T033	C2348819
28123242	625	654	level of micro-vessel density	T080	C3272839
28123242	660	672	nodal status	T080	C0205556
28123242	674	730	Single and double staining immunohistochemistry protocol	T060	C0021044
28123242	744	748	CD24	T025	C0007634
28123242	753	757	CD44	T025	C0007634
28123242	758	766	staining	T059	C0487602
28123242	772	789	staining protocol	T059	C0487602
28123242	826	836	techniques	T169	C0449851
28123242	843	864	fluorescent chromogen	T130	C0016320
28123242	885	892	females	T032	C0086287
28123242	916	934	radical mastectomy	T061	C0024884
28123242	940	962	tertiary care hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
28123242	1038	1046	presence	T033	C0150312
28123242	1050	1060	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28123242	1065	1079	size of lesion	T082	C0449453
28123242	1081	1099	histological grade	T185	C0456201
28123242	1101	1123	triple negative status	T033	C2348819
28123242	1127	1147	micro-vessel density	T080	C3272839
28123242	1208	1219	younger age	T079	C0332239
28123242	1223	1235	presentation	T078	C0449450
28123242	1279	1295	nodal metastasis	T046	C4255448
28123242	1301	1309	positive	T033	C1446409
28123242	1314	1322	presence	T033	C0150312
28123242	1326	1336	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28123242	1397	1407	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28123242	1415	1432	metastatic nodule	T020	C0028259
28123242	1434	1456	Fluorescent chromogens	T130	C0016320
28123242	1458	1462	FITC	T109,T130	C0085216
28123242	1467	1478	Cyanine Red	T109,T130	C0258756
28123242	1506	1511	Cases	T170	C0085973
28123242	1512	1520	positive	T033	C1446409
28123242	1525	1535	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28123242	1551	1567	onset of disease	T079	C0277793
28123242	1572	1581	proneness	T081	C0920468
28123242	1585	1601	nodal metastasis	T046	C4255448

28123271|t|Dracula tooth: A very rare case report of peg-shaped mandibular incisors
28123271|a|Microdontia is a term used to describe teeth which are smaller than normal. Peg-shaped teeth are type of microdontia, a developmental disturbances of teeth mainly due to congenital reasons. Most commonly affecting single teeth, that is maxillary lateral incisors. Incidence of peg shaped tooth in maxillary laterals are usually seen and reported. But in mandibular arch it is very rare. Present case, it affected all the incisors of mandibular arch and also the laterals of maxillary arch which is rarest of condition. This case report presents a non syndromic, peg shaped mandibular incisors in a 11 year old male patient.
28123271	0	13	Dracula tooth	T019	C0000768
28123271	22	26	rare	T079	C0521114
28123271	27	38	case report	T170	C0085973
28123271	42	72	peg-shaped mandibular incisors	T033	C4280450
28123271	73	84	Microdontia	T019	C0240340
28123271	112	117	teeth	T023	C0040426
28123271	128	135	smaller	T080	C0547044
28123271	141	147	normal	T080	C0205307
28123271	149	165	Peg-shaped teeth	T019	C0266037
28123271	178	189	microdontia	T019	C0240340
28123271	193	206	developmental	T080	C0458003
28123271	207	219	disturbances	T080	C2699787
28123271	223	228	teeth	T023	C0040426
28123271	243	261	congenital reasons	T080	C0205556
28123271	277	286	affecting	T169	C0392760
28123271	287	293	single	T081	C0205171
28123271	294	299	teeth	T023	C0040426
28123271	309	335	maxillary lateral incisors	T023	C0934506
28123271	350	366	peg shaped tooth	T019	C0266037
28123271	370	388	maxillary laterals	T023	C0934506
28123271	427	442	mandibular arch	T023	C0227027
28123271	477	485	affected	T169	C0392760
28123271	494	502	incisors	T023	C0021156
28123271	506	521	mandibular arch	T023	C0227027
28123271	535	543	laterals	T082	C0205093
28123271	547	561	maxillary arch	T023	C0227026
28123271	571	577	rarest	T079	C0521114
28123271	581	590	condition	T080	C0348080
28123271	597	608	case report	T170	C0085973
28123271	620	633	non syndromic	T033	C2677304
28123271	635	665	peg shaped mandibular incisors	T033	C4280450
28123271	674	678	year	T079	C0439234
28123271	683	687	male	T098	C0025266
28123271	688	695	patient	T101	C0030705

28123739|t|Urachal carcinoma: Report of two cases and review of the literature
28123739|a|Urachal carcinoma is a rare tumor that most commonly occurs in ovaries and less often in the adnexal region and urinary system. We herein present two cases of urachal carcinoma: One case was a 32-year-old male patient who presented with painless hematuria with blood clots for 1 month, whereas the other case was a 50-year-old woman who presented with gross hematuria with mild dysuria, urgency and frequent urination for 1 year. Following surgical resection, the two patients were diagnosed with urachal adenocarcinoma (mixed type) and urachal mucinous adenocarcinoma, respectively, based on the histopathological examination. A review of previously published cases and relevant literature is also presented. The aim of the present study was to help understand this disease better, in order to reduce the rate of clinical and pathological misdiagnosis.
28123739	0	17	Urachal carcinoma	T047	C2931202
28123739	19	25	Report	T170	C0684224
28123739	33	38	cases	T077	C1706256
28123739	43	52	review of	T169	C0699752
28123739	57	67	literature	T170	C0023866
28123739	68	85	Urachal carcinoma	T047	C2931202
28123739	91	95	rare	T080	C0522498
28123739	96	101	tumor	T191	C0027651
28123739	131	138	ovaries	T023	C0029939
28123739	143	153	less often	T033	C3843156
28123739	161	168	adnexal	T023	C0001575
28123739	169	175	region	T029	C0005898
28123739	180	194	urinary system	T022	C1508753
28123739	206	213	present	T078	C0449450
28123739	218	223	cases	T077	C1706256
28123739	227	244	urachal carcinoma	T047	C2931202
28123739	250	254	case	T077	C1706256
28123739	273	277	male	T098	C0025266
28123739	278	285	patient	T101	C0030705
28123739	290	299	presented	T078	C0449450
28123739	305	323	painless hematuria	T184	C0473235
28123739	329	340	blood clots	T046	C0302148
28123739	347	352	month	T079	C0439231
28123739	372	376	case	T077	C1706256
28123739	395	400	woman	T098	C0043210
28123739	405	414	presented	T078	C0449450
28123739	420	435	gross hematuria	T033	C0473237
28123739	441	445	mild	T080	C2945599
28123739	446	453	dysuria	T184	C0013428
28123739	455	485	urgency and frequent urination	T047	C0085606
28123739	492	496	year	T079	C0439234
28123739	508	526	surgical resection	T061	C0728940
28123739	536	544	patients	T101	C0030705
28123739	550	559	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28123739	565	587	urachal adenocarcinoma	T047	C2931201
28123739	589	594	mixed	T169	C0205430
28123739	595	599	type	T080	C0332307
28123739	605	636	urachal mucinous adenocarcinoma	T047	C2931201
28123739	665	682	histopathological	T169	C0243140
28123739	683	694	examination	T058	C0582103
28123739	698	707	review of	T169	C0699752
28123739	719	728	published	T057	C0034037
28123739	729	734	cases	T077	C1706256
28123739	739	747	relevant	T080	C2347946
28123739	748	758	literature	T170	C0023866
28123739	767	776	presented	T078	C0449450
28123739	782	785	aim	T078	C1947946
28123739	793	800	present	T033	C0150312
28123739	801	806	study	T062	C0008972
28123739	819	829	understand	T041	C0162340
28123739	835	842	disease	T191	C0027651
28123739	843	849	better	T080	C0332272
28123739	863	869	reduce	T080	C0392756
28123739	874	878	rate	T081	C1521828
28123739	882	890	clinical	T080	C0205210
28123739	895	907	pathological	T169	C1521733
28123739	908	920	misdiagnosis	T033	C0679838

28124578|t|Assessment of the wish to hasten death in patients with advanced disease: A systematic review of measurement instruments
28124578|a|Patients with advanced conditions may present a wish to hasten death. Assessing this wish is complex due to the nature of the phenomenon and the difficulty of conceptualising it. To identify and analyse existing instruments for assessing the wish to hasten death and to rate their reported psychometric properties. Systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of validation studies and the measurement properties of the instrument described. The CINAHL, PsycINFO, Pubmed and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to November 2015. A total of 50 articles involving assessment of the wish to hasten death were included. Eight concerned instrument validation and were evaluated using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments criteria. They reported data for between two and seven measurement properties, with ratings between fair and excellent. Of the seven instruments identified, the Desire for Death Rating Scale or the Schedule of Attitudes toward Hastened Death feature in 48 of the 50 articles. The Schedule of Attitudes toward Hastened Death is the most widely used and is the instrument whose psychometric properties have been most often analysed. Versions of the Schedule of Attitudes toward Hastened Death are available in five languages other than the original English. This systematic review has analysed existing instruments for assessing the wish to hasten death. It has also explored the methodological quality of studies that have examined the measurement properties of these instruments and offers ratings of the reported properties. These results will be useful to clinicians and researchers with an interest in a phenomenon of considerable relevance to advanced patients.
28124578	0	10	Assessment	T058	C0220825
28124578	18	38	wish to hasten death	T058	C0015187
28124578	42	50	patients	T101	C0030705
28124578	56	72	advanced disease	UnknownType	C0679246
28124578	76	93	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28124578	97	108	measurement	T169	C0242485
28124578	109	120	instruments	T081,T170	C0681889
28124578	121	129	Patients	T101	C0030705
28124578	135	154	advanced conditions	UnknownType	C0679246
28124578	169	189	wish to hasten death	T058	C0015187
28124578	206	210	wish	UnknownType	C0747309
28124578	214	221	complex	T080	C0439855
28124578	247	257	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28124578	333	344	instruments	T081,T170	C0681889
28124578	363	383	wish to hasten death	T058	C0015187
28124578	391	395	rate	T081	C1521828
28124578	411	423	psychometric	T060	C0033920
28124578	424	434	properties	T080	C0871161
28124578	436	453	Systematic review	T170	C1955832
28124578	463	480	PRISMA guidelines	T170	C0162791
28124578	486	563	COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments	T170	C0038137
28124578	564	573	checklist	T170	C1707357
28124578	614	621	quality	T080	C0332306
28124578	625	643	validation studies	T062,T170	C0681836
28124578	652	663	measurement	T169	C0242485
28124578	664	674	properties	T080	C0871161
28124578	682	692	instrument	T081,T170	C0681889
28124578	708	714	CINAHL	T170	C0282574
28124578	716	724	PsycINFO	T170	C0282574
28124578	726	732	Pubmed	T170	C1138432
28124578	737	761	Web of Science databases	T170	C0282574
28124578	823	831	articles	T170	C1706852
28124578	842	852	assessment	T058	C0220825
28124578	860	880	wish to hasten death	T058	C0015187
28124578	912	922	instrument	T081,T170	C0681889
28124578	923	933	validation	T062	C1519941
28124578	959	1036	COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments	T170	C0038137
28124578	1037	1045	criteria	T078	C0243161
28124578	1061	1065	data	T078	C1511726
28124578	1092	1103	measurement	T169	C0242485
28124578	1104	1114	properties	T080	C0871161
28124578	1137	1141	fair	T080	C2911689
28124578	1146	1155	excellent	T080	C1961136
28124578	1170	1181	instruments	T081,T170	C0681889
28124578	1209	1214	Death	T040	C0011065
28124578	1215	1227	Rating Scale	T081,T170	C0681889
28124578	1235	1243	Schedule	T170	C0086960
28124578	1247	1256	Attitudes	T041	C0004274
28124578	1264	1278	Hastened Death	T058	C0015187
28124578	1303	1311	articles	T170	C1706852
28124578	1317	1325	Schedule	T170	C0086960
28124578	1329	1338	Attitudes	T041	C0004274
28124578	1346	1360	Hastened Death	T058	C0015187
28124578	1396	1406	instrument	T081,T170	C0681889
28124578	1413	1425	psychometric	T060	C0033920
28124578	1426	1436	properties	T080	C0871161
28124578	1468	1476	Versions	T170	C0333052
28124578	1484	1492	Schedule	T170	C0086960
28124578	1496	1505	Attitudes	T041	C0004274
28124578	1513	1527	Hastened Death	T058	C0015187
28124578	1550	1559	languages	T171	C0023008
28124578	1584	1591	English	T171	C0376245
28124578	1598	1615	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28124578	1638	1649	instruments	T081,T170	C0681889
28124578	1668	1688	wish to hasten death	T058	C0015187
28124578	1715	1737	methodological quality	UnknownType	C0815254
28124578	1741	1748	studies	T062	C2603343
28124578	1772	1783	measurement	T169	C0242485
28124578	1784	1794	properties	T080	C0871161
28124578	1804	1815	instruments	T081,T170	C0681889
28124578	1851	1861	properties	T080	C0871161
28124578	1895	1905	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28124578	1910	1921	researchers	T097	C0035173
28124578	1944	1954	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28124578	1993	2001	patients	T101	C0030705

28124696|t|Molecular structure of clonidine: gas-phase electron diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical studies
28124696|a|This study presents the first determination of the molecular structure of the antihypertensive drug clonidine in the gas phase using gas electron diffraction (GED). The refinement was supported by quantum chemical calculations (QCs). The tautomeric and conformational distribution was investigated theoretically, providing an explanation for the presence of the single conformer in the gas phase. The molecular conformation of clonidine has been shown to have a nearly perpendicular arrangement of the phenyl and imidazolidine rings as described by the torsion angle C2-N6-C7-C8 = -72(6)°. The following structural parameters were obtained (bond lengths in Angstroms and bond angles in degrees with 3σ in parentheses): r(CHH-CHH) = 1.549(7), r(CHH-NH)av = 1.470(7), r(NH-C)av = 1.388(2), r(C[double bond, length as m-dash]N) = 1.286(7), r(C-N) = 1.388(2), r(C[partial double bond, bottom dashed]C)av = 1.403(2), r(C-Cl)av = 1.737(2); ∠(NH-C-NH) = 108.1(11), ∠(CHH-NH-C)av = 109.7(12), ∠(CHH-CHH-NH)av = 100.9(12), ∠(C-N[double bond, length as m-dash]C) = 122.5(12), ∠(CCl[partial double bond, bottom dashed]C[partial double bond, bottom dashed]CCl) = 114.9(2), and ∠(CH[partial double bond, bottom dashed]CCl[partial double bond, bottom dashed]C)av = 123.1(2). The standard enthalpy of formation of clonidine in the gas phase was calculated using G4 theory with both atomisation and isodesmic reaction approaches, yielding the corresponding value of. The molecular structure of clonidine in the solid phase was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Clonidine crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c as a twinned crystal. The imino-tautomer, as an equimolar mixture of the two conformers with geometries close to the enantiomeric pair, is present in the solid phase. The identical conformers are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by paired N-HN hydrogen bonds. The geometries of gaseous and solid clonidine differ especially in the immediate vicinity of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed in the crystal.
28124696	0	19	Molecular structure	T085	C0026383
28124696	23	32	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28124696	34	64	gas-phase electron diffraction	T059	C1136121
28124696	66	98	single-crystal X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
28124696	103	127	quantum chemical studies	T062	C0242481
28124696	133	138	study	T062	C2603343
28124696	179	198	molecular structure	T085	C0026383
28124696	206	227	antihypertensive drug	T121	C0003364
28124696	228	237	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28124696	245	254	gas phase	T104	C0017110
28124696	261	285	gas electron diffraction	T059	C1136121
28124696	287	290	GED	T059	C1136121
28124696	325	354	quantum chemical calculations	T170	C0034385
28124696	356	359	QCs	T170	C0034385
28124696	366	376	tautomeric	T104	C0597557
28124696	381	395	conformational	T082	C0026377
28124696	396	408	distribution	T169	C1704711
28124696	497	506	conformer	UnknownType	C0683117
28124696	514	523	gas phase	T104	C0017110
28124696	529	551	molecular conformation	T082	C0026377
28124696	555	564	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28124696	597	610	perpendicular	T077	C3272860
28124696	611	622	arrangement	T082	C0449830
28124696	630	636	phenyl	T104	C2945751
28124696	641	660	imidazolidine rings	T104	C1254350
28124696	681	694	torsion angle	UnknownType	C0678598
28124696	732	742	structural	T082	C0678594
28124696	743	753	parameters	T077	C0549193
28124696	769	781	bond lengths	UnknownType	C0678597
28124696	785	794	Angstroms	T081	C0560170
28124696	799	810	bond angles	UnknownType	C0678598
28124696	814	821	degrees	T081	C0439490
28124696	847	857	r(CHH-CHH)	UnknownType	C0678597
28124696	870	881	r(CHH-NH)av	UnknownType	C0678597
28124696	894	903	r(NH-C)av	UnknownType	C0678597
28124696	916	952	r(C[double bond, length as m-dash]N)	UnknownType	C0678597
28124696	965	971	r(C-N)	UnknownType	C0678597
28124696	984	1027	r(C[partial double bond, bottom dashed]C)av	UnknownType	C0678597
28124696	1040	1049	r(C-Cl)av	UnknownType	C0678597
28124696	1062	1072	∠(NH-C-NH)	UnknownType	C0678598
28124696	1086	1099	∠(CHH-NH-C)av	UnknownType	C0678598
28124696	1113	1128	∠(CHH-CHH-NH)av	UnknownType	C0678598
28124696	1142	1180	∠(C-N[double bond, length as m-dash]C)	UnknownType	C0678598
28124696	1194	1276	∠(CCl[partial double bond, bottom dashed]C[partial double bond, bottom dashed]CCl)	UnknownType	C0678598
28124696	1293	1376	∠(CH[partial double bond, bottom dashed]CCl[partial double bond, bottom dashed]C)av	UnknownType	C0678598
28124696	1393	1423	standard enthalpy of formation	T081	C0599530
28124696	1427	1436	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28124696	1444	1453	gas phase	T104	C0017110
28124696	1475	1484	G4 theory	T078	C0871935
28124696	1495	1506	atomisation	T169	C0443286
28124696	1511	1529	isodesmic reaction	T169	C0443286
28124696	1530	1540	approaches	T082	C0449445
28124696	1583	1602	molecular structure	T085	C0026383
28124696	1606	1615	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28124696	1623	1634	solid phase	T104	C0597486
28124696	1656	1673	X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
28124696	1675	1678	XRD	T059	C0043301
28124696	1681	1690	Clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28124696	1691	1703	crystallizes	T070	C0010423
28124696	1711	1739	monoclinic space group P21/c	T082	C1254362
28124696	1753	1760	crystal	T104	C0444626
28124696	1766	1780	imino-tautomer	T104	C0597557
28124696	1817	1827	conformers	UnknownType	C0683117
28124696	1833	1843	geometries	T082	C1254362
28124696	1857	1874	enantiomeric pair	T104	C0599473
28124696	1894	1905	solid phase	T104	C0597486
28124696	1921	1931	conformers	UnknownType	C0683117
28124696	1948	1970	centrosymmetric dimers	T104	C0596448
28124696	1981	1985	N-HN	T044	C0813982
28124696	1986	2000	hydrogen bonds	T070	C0020276
28124696	2006	2016	geometries	T082	C1254362
28124696	2020	2027	gaseous	T104	C0017110
28124696	2032	2037	solid	T104	C0597486
28124696	2038	2047	clonidine	T109,T121	C0009014
28124696	2099	2128	intermolecular hydrogen bonds	T070	C0020276
28124696	2143	2150	crystal	T104	C0444626

28125006|t|Support Vector Machine Classification of Drunk Driving Behaviour
28125006|a|Alcohol is the root cause of numerous traffic accidents due to its pharmacological action on the human central nervous system. This study conducted a detection process to distinguish drunk driving from normal driving under simulated driving conditions. The classification was performed by a support vector machine (SVM) classifier trained to distinguish between these two classes by integrating both driving performance and physiological measurements. In addition, principal component analysis was conducted to rank the weights of the features. The standard deviation of R-R intervals (SDNN), the root mean square value of the difference of the adjacent R-R interval series (RMSSD), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), the ratio of the low and high frequencies (LF/HF), and average blink duration were the highest weighted features in the study. The results show that SVM classification can successfully distinguish drunk driving from normal driving with an accuracy of 70%. The driving performance data and the physiological measurements reported by this paper combined with air - alcohol concentration could be integrated using the support vector regression classification method to establish a better early warning model, thereby improving vehicle safety.
28125006	0	22	Support Vector Machine	T081	C2699740
28125006	23	37	Classification	T185	C0008902
28125006	41	54	Drunk Driving	T048	C0556374
28125006	55	64	Behaviour	T053	C0004927
28125006	65	72	Alcohol	T168	C0001967
28125006	94	102	numerous	T081	C0439064
28125006	103	120	traffic accidents	T037	C0000932
28125006	132	154	pharmacological action	T044	C1148560
28125006	162	167	human	T016	C0086418
28125006	168	190	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
28125006	197	202	study	T062	C2603343
28125006	215	232	detection process	T033	C0442726
28125006	236	247	distinguish	T169	C0205245
28125006	248	261	drunk driving	T048	C0556374
28125006	267	273	normal	T080	C0205307
28125006	274	281	driving	T056	C0004379
28125006	288	297	simulated	T169	C0205245
28125006	298	305	driving	T056	C0004379
28125006	306	316	conditions	T080	C0348080
28125006	322	336	classification	T185	C0008902
28125006	356	378	support vector machine	T081	C2699740
28125006	380	383	SVM	T081	C2699740
28125006	385	395	classifier	T169	C4291659
28125006	407	418	distinguish	T169	C0205245
28125006	437	444	classes	T170	C0456387
28125006	465	484	driving performance	UnknownType	C0681592
28125006	489	502	physiological	T169	C0205463
28125006	503	515	measurements	T169	C0242485
28125006	530	558	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
28125006	576	580	rank	T170	C0699794
28125006	585	592	weights	T081	C0043100
28125006	600	608	features	T080	C1521970
28125006	614	649	standard deviation of R-R intervals	T081	C0871420
28125006	651	655	SDNN	T081	C0871420
28125006	662	738	root mean square value of the difference of the adjacent R-R interval series	T081	C2347976
28125006	740	745	RMSSD	T081	C2347976
28125006	748	761	low frequency	T079	C0205213
28125006	763	765	LF	T079	C0205213
28125006	768	782	high frequency	T079	C0205212
28125006	784	786	HF	T079	C0205212
28125006	793	830	ratio of the low and high frequencies	T081	C0392762
28125006	832	837	LF/HF	T081	C0392762
28125006	844	866	average blink duration	T081	C0392762
28125006	876	883	highest	T080	C1522410
28125006	884	901	weighted features	T080	C1521970
28125006	909	914	study	T062	C2603343
28125006	938	941	SVM	T081	C2699740
28125006	942	956	classification	T185	C0008902
28125006	974	985	distinguish	T169	C0205245
28125006	986	999	drunk driving	T048	C0556374
28125006	1005	1011	normal	T080	C0205307
28125006	1012	1019	driving	T056	C0004379
28125006	1028	1036	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28125006	1049	1068	driving performance	UnknownType	C0681592
28125006	1069	1073	data	T078	C1511726
28125006	1082	1095	physiological	T169	C0205463
28125006	1096	1108	measurements	T169	C0242485
28125006	1109	1117	reported	T058	C0700287
28125006	1126	1131	paper	T170	C0684224
28125006	1146	1149	air	T167	C0001861
28125006	1152	1159	alcohol	T168	C0001967
28125006	1160	1173	concentration	T081	C0392762
28125006	1183	1193	integrated	T169	C0205245
28125006	1204	1229	support vector regression	T081	C2699740
28125006	1230	1244	classification	T185	C0008902
28125006	1245	1251	method	T170	C0025663
28125006	1274	1279	early	T079	C1279919
28125006	1280	1287	warning	T064	C0871599
28125006	1288	1293	model	T170	C3161035
28125006	1313	1327	vehicle safety	T089	C0681627

28125105|t|Conditional reprogramming and long-term expansion of normal and tumor cells from human biospecimens
28125105|a|Historically, it has been difficult to propagate cells in vitro that are derived directly from human tumors or healthy tissue. However, in vitro preclinical models are essential tools for both the study of basic cancer biology and the promotion of translational research, including drug discovery and drug target identification. This protocol describes conditional reprogramming (CR), which involves coculture of irradiated mouse fibroblast feeder cells with normal and tumor human epithelial cells in the presence of a Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632). CR cells can be used for various applications, including regenerative medicine, drug sensitivity testing, gene expression profiling and xenograft studies. The method requires a pathologist to differentiate healthy tissue from tumor tissue, and basic tissue culture skills. The protocol can be used with cells derived from both fresh and cryopreserved tissue samples. As approximately 1 million cells can be generated in 7 d, the technique is directly applicable to diagnostic and predictive medicine. Moreover, the epithelial cells can be propagated indefinitely in vitro, yet retain the capacity to become fully differentiated when placed into conditions that mimic their natural environment.
28125105	0	25	Conditional reprogramming	T059,T062	C4042857
28125105	30	39	long-term	T079	C0443252
28125105	40	49	expansion	T043	C0007595
28125105	53	59	normal	T025	C1268443
28125105	64	75	tumor cells	T025	C0431085
28125105	81	86	human	T016	C0086418
28125105	87	99	biospecimens	T077	C2347026
28125105	139	148	propagate	T052	C3146294
28125105	149	154	cells	T025	C0007634
28125105	155	163	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28125105	195	200	human	T016	C0086418
28125105	201	207	tumors	T191	C0027651
28125105	211	225	healthy tissue	T024	C0040300
28125105	236	244	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28125105	245	263	preclinical models	T170	C1514292
28125105	297	326	study of basic cancer biology	T091	C1516164
28125105	348	370	translational research	T062	C3494163
28125105	382	396	drug discovery	T062	C0920472
28125105	401	427	drug target identification	T074	C0085104
28125105	434	442	protocol	T059,T062	C4042857
28125105	453	478	conditional reprogramming	T043	C3850096
28125105	480	482	CR	T043	C3850096
28125105	500	509	coculture	T059	C0282547
28125105	524	529	mouse	T015	C0025929
28125105	530	553	fibroblast feeder cells	T025	C3179110
28125105	559	565	normal	T025	C1268443
28125105	570	575	tumor	T191	C0027651
28125105	576	581	human	T016	C0086418
28125105	582	598	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
28125105	620	630	Rho kinase	T116,T126	C0389995
28125105	631	640	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28125105	642	649	Y-27632	T109,T121	C0667301
28125105	652	654	CR	T059,T062	C4042857
28125105	655	660	cells	T025	C0007634
28125105	709	730	regenerative medicine	T091	C1257974
28125105	732	756	drug sensitivity testing	T059	C0013207
28125105	758	783	gene expression profiling	T059,T063	C0752248
28125105	788	805	xenograft studies	T061	C0520484
28125105	811	817	method	T059,T062	C4042857
28125105	829	840	pathologist	T097	C0334866
28125105	858	872	healthy tissue	T024	C0040300
28125105	878	890	tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
28125105	896	916	basic tissue culture	T059	C0040284
28125105	929	937	protocol	T059,T062	C4042857
28125105	955	960	cells	T025	C0007634
28125105	979	984	fresh	T024	C1519521
28125105	989	1017	cryopreserved tissue samples	T024	C1511549
28125105	1046	1051	cells	T025	C0007634
28125105	1059	1068	generated	T052	C3146294
28125105	1081	1090	technique	T059,T062	C4042857
28125105	1117	1127	diagnostic	T130	C0358514
28125105	1132	1142	predictive	T080	C0681890
28125105	1143	1151	medicine	T121	C0013227
28125105	1167	1183	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
28125105	1191	1201	propagated	T052	C3146294
28125105	1215	1223	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28125105	1240	1248	capacity	T081	C1516240
28125105	1265	1279	differentiated	T043	C0007589
28125105	1297	1307	conditions	T082	C0014406
28125105	1325	1344	natural environment	T082	C0557745

28125165|t|Inhibitor Selectivity for Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 7: A Structural, Thermodynamic, and Modelling Study
28125165|a|Deregulation of the cell cycle by mechanisms that lead to elevated activities of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) is a feature of many human diseases, cancer in particular. We identified small-molecule inhibitors that selectively inhibit CDK7, the kinase that phosphorylates cell-cycle CDKs to promote their activities. To investigate the selectivity of these inhibitors we used a combination of structural, biophysical, and modelling approaches. We determined the crystal structures of the CDK7 -selective compounds ICEC0942 and ICEC0943 bound to CDK2, and used these to build models of inhibitor binding to CDK7. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of inhibitors bound to CDK2 and CDK7 generated possible models of inhibitor binding. To experimentally validate these models, we gathered isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) binding data for recombinant wild-type and binding site mutants of CDK7 and CDK2. We identified specific residues of CDK7, notably Asp155, that are involved in determining inhibitor selectivity. Our MD simulations also show that the flexibility of the G-rich and activation loops of CDK7 is likely an important determinant of inhibitor specificity similar to CDK2.
28125165	0	9	Inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28125165	26	51	Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 7	T116,T126	C0255652
28125165	55	65	Structural	T082	C0678594
28125165	67	80	Thermodynamic	T090	C0039808
28125165	86	95	Modelling	T062,T170	C0600115
28125165	96	101	Study	T062	C2603343
28125165	102	132	Deregulation of the cell cycle	T049	C1516331
28125165	136	146	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28125165	169	179	activities	T052	C0441655
28125165	183	207	cyclin-dependent kinases	T116,T126	C0243045
28125165	209	212	CDK	T116,T126	C0243045
28125165	235	240	human	T016	C0086418
28125165	241	249	diseases	T047	C0012634
28125165	251	257	cancer	T191	C0006826
28125165	287	301	small-molecule	T109	C1328819
28125165	302	312	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28125165	330	337	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28125165	338	342	CDK7	T116,T126	C0255652
28125165	348	354	kinase	T116,T126	C0031727
28125165	360	374	phosphorylates	T044	C0031715
28125165	375	385	cell-cycle	T043	C0007586
28125165	386	390	CDKs	T116,T126	C0243045
28125165	394	401	promote	T052	C0033414
28125165	408	418	activities	T052	C0441655
28125165	460	470	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28125165	496	506	structural	T082	C0678594
28125165	508	519	biophysical	T091	C0005553
28125165	525	534	modelling	T062,T170	C0600115
28125165	565	583	crystal structures	T104	C0444626
28125165	591	595	CDK7	T116,T126	C0255652
28125165	607	616	compounds	T121	C1254351
28125165	617	625	ICEC0942	T121	C1254351
28125165	630	638	ICEC0943	T121	C1254351
28125165	648	652	CDK2	T116,T126	C0108855
28125165	678	684	models	T170	C0026344
28125165	688	697	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28125165	709	713	CDK7	T116,T126	C0255652
28125165	715	750	Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations	T066	C2717775
28125165	754	764	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28125165	774	778	CDK2	T116,T126	C0108855
28125165	783	787	CDK7	T116,T126	C0255652
28125165	807	813	models	T170	C0026344
28125165	817	826	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28125165	839	853	experimentally	T062	C0681814
28125165	869	875	models	T170	C0026344
28125165	889	921	isothermal titration calorimetry	T074	C3689480
28125165	923	926	ITC	T074	C3689480
28125165	936	940	data	T078	C1511726
28125165	945	956	recombinant	T116	C0034861
28125165	957	966	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28125165	971	983	binding site	T192	C0005456
28125165	984	991	mutants	T116	C1564139
28125165	995	999	CDK7	T116,T126	C0255652
28125165	1004	1008	CDK2	T116,T126	C0108855
28125165	1033	1041	residues	T077	C1709915
28125165	1045	1049	CDK7	T116,T126	C0255652
28125165	1059	1065	Asp155	T116,T123	C0004015
28125165	1100	1109	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28125165	1127	1141	MD simulations	T066	C2717775
28125165	1180	1186	G-rich	T169	C0205681
28125165	1191	1207	activation loops	T169	C0205681
28125165	1211	1215	CDK7	T116,T126	C0255652
28125165	1254	1263	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28125165	1264	1275	specificity	UnknownType	C0678612
28125165	1287	1291	CDK2	T116,T126	C0108855

28125454|t|Types of internal facilitation activities in hospitals implementing evidence-based interventions
28125454|a|Implementation models, frameworks, and theories recognize the importance of activities that facilitate implementation success. However, little is known about internal facilitation activities that hospital personnel engage in during implementation efforts. The aim of the study was to examine internal facilitation activities at 10 critical access hospitals in rural Iowa during their implementation of TeamSTEPPS, a patient safety intervention, and to identify characteristics that distinguish different types of facilitation activities. We followed 10 critical access hospitals for 2 years after the onset of implementation, conducting quarterly interviews with key informants. On the basis of the transcripts from the first two quarters, a coding template was developed using inductive analyses. The template was then applied deductively to code all interview transcripts. Using comparative analysis, we examined the characteristics that distinguish between the facilitation types. We identified four types of facilitation activities - Leadership, Buy-in, Customization, and Accountability. Individuals and teams engaged in different types of facilitation activities, both in a planned and an ad hoc manner. These activities targeted at both people and practices and exhibited varying temporal patterns (start and peak time). There are four types of facilitation activities that hospitals engage in while implementing evidence-based practices, offering a parsimonious way to characterize facilitation activities. New theoretical and empirical research opportunities are discussed. Understanding the types of facilitation activities and their distinguishing characteristics can assist managers in planning and executing implementations of evidence-based interventions.
28125454	9	30	internal facilitation	T073,T093	C0018704
28125454	31	41	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	45	54	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28125454	55	96	implementing evidence-based interventions	T058	C0557981
28125454	97	111	Implementation	T052	C1708476
28125454	112	118	models	T170	C3161035
28125454	120	130	frameworks	T077	C1709697
28125454	136	144	theories	T078	C0871935
28125454	173	183	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	200	214	implementation	T052	C1708476
28125454	215	222	success	T054	C0597535
28125454	255	276	internal facilitation	T073,T093	C0018704
28125454	277	287	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	293	311	hospital personnel	T097	C0031228
28125454	312	318	engage	T169	C1314939
28125454	329	351	implementation efforts	T052	C1708476
28125454	368	373	study	T062	C2603343
28125454	389	410	internal facilitation	T073,T093	C0018704
28125454	411	421	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	428	453	critical access hospitals	T073,T093	C1552526
28125454	457	467	rural Iowa	T083	C0022037
28125454	481	495	implementation	T052	C1708476
28125454	499	509	TeamSTEPPS	T093	C0080268
28125454	513	527	patient safety	T058	C1113679
28125454	528	540	intervention	T061	C0184661
28125454	558	573	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28125454	610	622	facilitation	T073,T093	C0018704
28125454	623	633	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	650	675	critical access hospitals	T073,T093	C1552526
28125454	682	687	years	T079	C0439234
28125454	698	706	onset of	T080	C0332162
28125454	707	721	implementation	T052	C1708476
28125454	734	743	quarterly	T079	C0332179
28125454	744	754	interviews	T052	C0021822
28125454	760	774	key informants	T098	C0870704
28125454	796	807	transcripts	T170	C0034869
28125454	827	835	quarters	T081	C2825406
28125454	839	854	coding template	T078	C1705542
28125454	875	893	inductive analyses	T062	C0936012
28125454	899	907	template	T078	C1705542
28125454	925	936	deductively	T080	C0205556
28125454	949	958	interview	T052	C0021822
28125454	959	970	transcripts	T170	C0034869
28125454	978	998	comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
28125454	1016	1031	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28125454	1061	1073	facilitation	T073,T093	C0018704
28125454	1109	1121	facilitation	T073,T093	C0018704
28125454	1122	1132	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	1135	1145	Leadership	T054	C0023181
28125454	1155	1168	Customization	T052	C1880202
28125454	1174	1188	Accountability	T078	C0078889
28125454	1190	1201	Individuals	T098	C0237401
28125454	1206	1211	teams	T096	C0871489
28125454	1212	1219	engaged	T169	C1314939
28125454	1242	1254	facilitation	T073,T093	C0018704
28125454	1255	1265	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	1292	1305	ad hoc manner	T033	C0243095
28125454	1313	1323	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	1341	1347	people	T098	C0027361
28125454	1352	1361	practices	T041	C0237607
28125454	1384	1401	temporal patterns	T079	C4021204
28125454	1403	1408	start	T079	C1301880
28125454	1413	1422	peak time	T079	C1254367
28125454	1449	1461	facilitation	T073,T093	C0018704
28125454	1462	1472	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	1478	1487	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28125454	1488	1494	engage	T169	C1314939
28125454	1504	1516	implementing	T052	C1708476
28125454	1517	1541	evidence-based practices	T091	C4042762
28125454	1554	1566	parsimonious	T080	C0205556
28125454	1587	1599	facilitation	T073,T093	C0018704
28125454	1600	1610	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	1616	1627	theoretical	T078	C0871935
28125454	1632	1641	empirical	T062	C0376367
28125454	1642	1664	research opportunities	T062	C0683937
28125454	1707	1719	facilitation	T073,T093	C0018704
28125454	1720	1730	activities	T052	C0441655
28125454	1756	1771	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28125454	1783	1791	managers	T097	C0335141
28125454	1795	1803	planning	T169	C1301732
28125454	1808	1817	executing	T052	C1705848
28125454	1818	1833	implementations	T052	C1708476
28125454	1837	1865	evidence-based interventions	T091	C4042762

28125612|t|A Recombinant Human Anti-Platelet scFv Antibody Produced in Pichia pastoris for Atheroma Targeting
28125612|a|Cells of the innate and adaptive immune system are key factors in the progression of atherosclerotic plaque, leading to plaque instability and rupture, potentially resulting in acute atherothrombotic events such as coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral arterial disease. Here, we describe the cloning, expression, purification, and immunoreactivity assessment of a recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from a human anti-αIIbβ3 antibody (HuAb) selected to target atheromatous lesions for the presence of platelets. Indeed, platelets within atheroma plaques have been shown to play a role in inflammation, in platelet - leucocyte aggregates and in thrombi formation and might thus be considered relevant biomarkers of atherosclerotic progression. The DNA sequence that encodes the anti-αIIbβ3 TEG4 scFv previously obtained from a phage-display selection on activated platelets, was inserted into the eukaryote vector (pPICZαA) in fusion with a tag sequence encoding 2 cysteines useable for specific probes grafting experiments. The recombinant protein was expressed at high yields in Pichia pastoris (30 mg/L culture). The advantage of P. pastoris as an expression system is the production and secretion of recombinant proteins in the supernatant, ruling out the difficulties encountered when scFv are produced in the cytoplasm of bacteria (low yield, low solubility and reduced affinity). The improved conditions allowed for the recovery of highly purified and biologically active scFv fragments ready to be grafted in a site -directed way to nanoparticles for the imaging of atherosclerotic plaques involving inflammatory processes and thus at high risk of instability.
28125612	2	13	Recombinant	T063	C0017387
28125612	14	19	Human	T016	C0086418
28125612	20	47	Anti-Platelet scFv Antibody	T116,T129	C0370058
28125612	34	38	scFv	T129	C1883036
28125612	60	75	Pichia pastoris	T004	C0997362
28125612	80	88	Atheroma	T046	C0264956
28125612	99	104	Cells	T025	C0007634
28125612	132	145	immune system	T022	C0020962
28125612	169	180	progression	T046	C0242656
28125612	184	206	atherosclerotic plaque	T031	C2936350
28125612	219	225	plaque	T033	C0332461
28125612	226	237	instability	T033	C1444783
28125612	242	249	rupture	T037	C3203359
28125612	276	281	acute	T079	C0205178
28125612	282	298	atherothrombotic	T020	C1963943
28125612	314	337	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010054
28125612	339	362	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
28125612	367	394	peripheral arterial disease	T047	C0085096
28125612	418	425	cloning	T062	C0525050
28125612	427	437	expression	T045	C1171362
28125612	439	451	purification	T169	C1998793
28125612	457	473	immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
28125612	474	484	assessment	T058	C0220825
28125612	490	501	recombinant	T001	C1514798
28125612	502	532	single-chain variable fragment	T129	C1883036
28125612	534	538	scFv	T129	C1883036
28125612	555	560	human	T016	C0086418
28125612	561	581	anti-αIIbβ3 antibody	T116,T129,T192	C0016011
28125612	583	587	HuAb	T116,T129,T192	C0016011
28125612	608	620	atheromatous	T046	C0264956
28125612	621	628	lesions	T033	C0221198
28125612	637	645	presence	T033	C0150312
28125612	649	658	platelets	T025	C0005821
28125612	668	677	platelets	T025	C0005821
28125612	685	701	atheroma plaques	T031	C2936350
28125612	736	748	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28125612	753	761	platelet	T025	C0005821
28125612	764	773	leucocyte	T025	C0023516
28125612	774	784	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28125612	792	799	thrombi	T046	C0087086
28125612	800	809	formation	T169	C1522492
28125612	839	847	relevant	T080	C2347946
28125612	848	858	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28125612	862	877	atherosclerotic	T169	C0333482
28125612	878	889	progression	T046	C0242656
28125612	895	907	DNA sequence	T086	C0162326
28125612	913	920	encodes	T052	C2700640
28125612	925	946	anti-αIIbβ3 TEG4 scFv	T129	C1883036
28125612	974	997	phage-display selection	T063	C3494191
28125612	1001	1010	activated	T052	C1879547
28125612	1011	1020	platelets	T025	C0005821
28125612	1026	1034	inserted	T045	C1512796
28125612	1044	1053	eukaryote	T204	C0684063
28125612	1054	1060	vector	T114	C1514152
28125612	1062	1069	pPICZαA	T114	C1514152
28125612	1088	1100	tag sequence	T086	C0162326
28125612	1101	1109	encoding	T052	C2700640
28125612	1112	1121	cysteines	T116,T123	C0010654
28125612	1134	1142	specific	T080	C0205369
28125612	1150	1170	grafting experiments	T059	C0022885
28125612	1176	1195	recombinant protein	T116	C0034861
28125612	1200	1209	expressed	T045	C1171362
28125612	1213	1217	high	T080	C0205250
28125612	1228	1243	Pichia pastoris	T004	C0997362
28125612	1253	1260	culture	T130	C0010454
28125612	1280	1291	P. pastoris	T004	C0997362
28125612	1298	1308	expression	T045	C1171362
28125612	1309	1315	system	T169	C0449913
28125612	1338	1347	secretion	T038	C0036536
28125612	1351	1371	recombinant proteins	T116	C0034861
28125612	1379	1390	supernatant	T031	C1550101
28125612	1437	1441	scFv	T129	C1883036
28125612	1462	1471	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28125612	1475	1483	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28125612	1485	1488	low	T080	C0205251
28125612	1489	1494	yield	T081	C0392762
28125612	1496	1499	low	T080	C0205251
28125612	1500	1510	solubility	T080	C0037628
28125612	1515	1522	reduced	T080	C0392756
28125612	1523	1531	affinity	T044	C0003255
28125612	1538	1546	improved	T033	C0184511
28125612	1574	1582	recovery	T052	C0237820
28125612	1586	1592	highly	T080	C0205250
28125612	1593	1601	purified	T169	C1998793
28125612	1606	1640	biologically active scFv fragments	T123	C0574031
28125612	1626	1630	scFv	T129	C1883036
28125612	1653	1660	grafted	T169	C0700106
28125612	1666	1670	site	T082	C0205145
28125612	1688	1701	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28125612	1710	1717	imaging	T060	C0011923
28125612	1721	1744	atherosclerotic plaques	T031	C2936350
28125612	1755	1767	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28125612	1768	1777	processes	T067	C1522240
28125612	1790	1802	high risk of	T033	C0332167
28125612	1803	1814	instability	T033	C1444783

28125734|t|Identification of MiR-21-5p as a Functional Regulator of Mesothelin Expression Using MicroRNA Capture Affinity Coupled with Next Generation Sequencing
28125734|a|MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate mRNA expression mainly by silencing target transcripts via binding to miRNA recognition elements (MREs) in the 3'untranslated region (3'UTR). The identification of bona fide targets is challenging for researchers working on the functional aspect of miRNAs. Recently, we developed a method (miR-CATCH) based on biotinylated DNA antisense oligonucleotides that capture the mRNA of interest and facilitates the characterisation of miRNAs::mRNA interactions in a physiological cellular context. Here, the miR-CATCH technique was applied to the mesothelin (MSLN) gene and coupled with next generation sequencing (NGS), to identify miRNAs that regulate MSLN mRNA and that may be responsible for its increased protein levels found in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Biotinylated MSLN oligos were employed to isolate miRNA::MSLN mRNA complexes from a normal cell line (Met-5A) which expresses low levels of MSLN. MiRNAs targeting the MSLN mRNA were identified by NGS and miR-21-5p and miR-100-5p were selected for further validation analyses. MiR-21-5p was shown to be able to modulate MSLN expression in miRNA mimic experiments in a panel of malignant and non-malignant cell lines. Further miRNA inhibitor experiments and luciferase assays in Mero-14 cells validated miR-21-5p as a true regulator of MSLN. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that treatment with miR-21-5p mimic reduced proliferation of MPM cell lines. Altogether, this work shows that the miR-CATCH technique, coupled with NGS and in vitro validation, represents a reliable method to identify native miRNA::mRNA interactions. MiR-21-5p is suggested as novel regulator of MSLN with a possible functional role in cellular growth.
28125734	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
28125734	18	27	MiR-21-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	33	53	Functional Regulator	T028	C0017362
28125734	57	67	Mesothelin	T028	C1334533
28125734	68	78	Expression	T045	C0017262
28125734	85	93	MicroRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	102	110	Affinity	T070	C1510827
28125734	111	118	Coupled	T169	C1948027
28125734	124	150	Next Generation Sequencing	T063	C2936622
28125734	151	160	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	162	168	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	174	195	small non-coding RNAs	T114	C0887909
28125734	201	209	regulate	T045	C0017263
28125734	210	225	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28125734	236	245	silencing	T045	C0598496
28125734	246	252	target	T169	C1521840
28125734	253	264	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28125734	269	276	binding	T044	C1167622
28125734	280	313	miRNA recognition elements (MREs)	T086	C0314659
28125734	321	342	3'untranslated region	T086,T123	C0600600
28125734	344	349	3'UTR	T086,T123	C0600600
28125734	356	370	identification	T080	C0205396
28125734	374	383	bona fide	T082	C2323869
28125734	384	391	targets	T169	C1521840
28125734	411	430	researchers working	T033	C0243095
28125734	438	455	functional aspect	T169	C0205245
28125734	459	465	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	492	510	method (miR-CATCH)	T169	C0449851
28125734	520	532	biotinylated	T044	C1159274
28125734	533	536	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28125734	537	563	antisense oligonucleotides	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
28125734	581	585	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28125734	638	663	miRNAs::mRNA interactions	T045	C1523523
28125734	669	691	physiological cellular	T043	C1325880
28125734	711	730	miR-CATCH technique	T169	C0449851
28125734	750	772	mesothelin (MSLN) gene	T028	C1334533
28125734	777	784	coupled	T169	C1948027
28125734	790	816	next generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
28125734	818	821	NGS	T063	C2936622
28125734	836	842	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	848	856	regulate	T045	C0017263
28125734	857	866	MSLN mRNA	T028	C1334533
28125734	913	927	protein levels	T034	C0428479
28125734	937	967	malignant pleural mesothelioma	T191	C0812413
28125734	969	972	MPM	T191	C0812413
28125734	975	987	Biotinylated	T044	C1159274
28125734	988	999	MSLN oligos	T028	C1334533
28125734	1025	1051	miRNA::MSLN mRNA complexes	T114,T116,T123	C1099355
28125734	1066	1084	cell line (Met-5A)	T025	C0007600
28125734	1091	1100	expresses	T045	C1171362
28125734	1115	1119	MSLN	T116,T129	C0380162
28125734	1121	1127	MiRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	1128	1137	targeting	T169	C1521840
28125734	1142	1151	MSLN mRNA	T028	C1334533
28125734	1171	1174	NGS	T063	C2936622
28125734	1179	1188	miR-21-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	1193	1203	miR-100-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	1230	1249	validation analyses	T062	C0936012
28125734	1251	1260	MiR-21-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	1285	1293	modulate	T082	C0443264
28125734	1294	1298	MSLN	T028	C1334533
28125734	1299	1309	expression	T045	C0017262
28125734	1313	1318	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	1319	1324	mimic	T061	C0393040
28125734	1325	1336	experiments	T062	C0681814
28125734	1351	1360	malignant	T025	C0334227
28125734	1379	1389	cell lines	T025	C0007600
28125734	1399	1404	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	1405	1414	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28125734	1415	1426	experiments	T062	C0681814
28125734	1431	1441	luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C0024075
28125734	1442	1448	assays	T059	C0005507
28125734	1452	1465	Mero-14 cells	T025	C0007634
28125734	1476	1485	miR-21-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	1496	1505	regulator	T028	C0017362
28125734	1509	1513	MSLN	T028	C1334533
28125734	1525	1545	in vitro experiments	T062	C0681828
28125734	1558	1567	treatment	T061	C0087111
28125734	1573	1582	miR-21-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	1583	1588	mimic	T061	C0393040
28125734	1597	1610	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28125734	1614	1617	MPM	T191	C0812413
28125734	1618	1628	cell lines	T025	C0007600
28125734	1667	1686	miR-CATCH technique	T169	C0449851
28125734	1688	1695	coupled	T169	C1948027
28125734	1701	1704	NGS	T063	C2936622
28125734	1709	1717	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28125734	1718	1728	validation	T062	C1519941
28125734	1752	1758	method	T169	C0449851
28125734	1778	1802	miRNA::mRNA interactions	T045	C1523523
28125734	1804	1813	MiR-21-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28125734	1836	1845	regulator	T028	C0017362
28125734	1849	1853	MSLN	T028	C1334533
28125734	1870	1885	functional role	T169	C0205245
28125734	1889	1904	cellular growth	T043	C0007595

28125819|t|Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: The Current Role of Cetuximab
28125819|a|We review clinical trials of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) to address the current and potential uses of cetuximab (CTX). PubMed was reviewed to identify papers published between 2010 and 2016. The search terms used were " cetuximab " and " head and neck cancer ." A total of 634 articles were identified. Phase II or III studies with CTX in patients with advanced SCCHN without treatment or with recurrent / metastatic tumors were selected. Forty-six registries were obtained. Information was critically reviewed and relevant information presented. As definitive treatment of advanced squamous cells carcinomas and as palliative treatment of recurrent / metastatic disease, CTX alone or associated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy is an alternative to chemoradiotherapy because of its distinct and favorable toxicity profile.
28125819	0	8	Advanced	T080	C0205179
28125819	9	32	Squamous Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0007137
28125819	40	44	Head	T029	C0018670
28125819	49	53	Neck	T029	C0027530
28125819	59	66	Current	T079	C0521116
28125819	67	71	Role	T077	C1705810
28125819	75	84	Cetuximab	T116,T121,T129	C0995188
28125819	88	94	review	T169	C0699752
28125819	95	110	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28125819	114	137	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
28125819	145	149	head	T029	C0018670
28125819	154	158	neck	T029	C0027530
28125819	160	166	SCCHN)	T191	C0007137
28125819	182	189	current	T079	C0521116
28125819	194	203	potential	T080	C3245505
28125819	204	211	uses of	T169	C1524063
28125819	212	221	cetuximab	T116,T121,T129	C0995188
28125819	223	226	CTX	T116,T121,T129	C0995188
28125819	229	235	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28125819	240	248	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28125819	252	260	identify	T080	C0205396
28125819	261	277	papers published	T073,T170	C0034036
28125819	330	339	cetuximab	T116,T121,T129	C0995188
28125819	348	368	head and neck cancer	T191	C0278996
28125819	387	395	articles	T170	C0282420
28125819	401	411	identified	T080	C0205396
28125819	413	436	Phase II or III studies	T062	C1519042
28125819	442	445	CTX	T116,T121,T129	C0995188
28125819	449	457	patients	T101	C0030705
28125819	463	471	advanced	T080	C0205179
28125819	472	477	SCCHN	T191	C0007137
28125819	486	495	treatment	T061	C0087111
28125819	504	513	recurrent	T191	C0521158
28125819	516	533	metastatic tumors	T191	C0027627
28125819	539	547	selected	T052	C1707391
28125819	559	569	registries	T170	C0034975
28125819	575	583	obtained	T169	C1301820
28125819	585	596	Information	T078	C1533716
28125819	601	611	critically	T080	C1511545
28125819	612	620	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28125819	625	633	relevant	T080	C2347946
28125819	634	645	information	T078	C1533716
28125819	660	670	definitive	T079	C0443196
28125819	671	680	treatment	T061	C0087111
28125819	684	692	advanced	T080	C0205179
28125819	693	718	squamous cells carcinomas	T191	C0007137
28125819	726	746	palliative treatment	T061	C0920718
28125819	750	759	recurrent	T191	C0521158
28125819	762	780	metastatic disease	T191	C2939420
28125819	782	785	CTX	T116,T121,T129	C0995188
28125819	795	810	associated with	T080	C0332281
28125819	811	823	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28125819	831	843	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28125819	850	861	alternative	T077	C1523987
28125819	865	882	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28125819	911	920	favorable	T080	C3640814
28125819	921	937	toxicity profile	T080	C0040539

28126110|t|A comparison of network sampling designs for a hidden population of drug users: Random walk vs. respondent-driven sampling
28126110|a|Both random walk and respondent-driven sampling (RDS) exploit social networks and may reduce biases introduced by earlier methods for sampling from hidden populations. Although RDS has become much more widely used by social researchers than random walk (RW), there has been little discussion of the tradeoffs in choosing RDS over RW. This paper compares experiences of implementing RW and RDS to recruit drug users to a network -based study in Houston, Texas. Both recruitment methods were implemented over comparable periods of time, with the same population, by the same research staff. RDS methods recruited more participants with less strain on staff. However, participants recruited through RW were more forthcoming than RDS participants in helping to recruit members of their social networks. Findings indicate that, dependent upon study goals, researchers ' choice of design may influence participant recruitment, participant commitment, and impact on staff, factors that may in turn affect overall study success.
28126110	16	23	network	T098	C0150775
28126110	24	40	sampling designs	T170	C0815259
28126110	47	64	hidden population	UnknownType	C0682359
28126110	68	78	drug users	T101	C0338666
28126110	80	91	Random walk	T170	C0449370
28126110	96	122	respondent-driven sampling	T170	C0449370
28126110	128	139	random walk	T170	C0449370
28126110	144	170	respondent-driven sampling	T170	C0449370
28126110	172	175	RDS	T170	C0449370
28126110	185	200	social networks	T098	C0150775
28126110	216	222	biases	T081	C0005349
28126110	245	265	methods for sampling	T170	C0449370
28126110	271	289	hidden populations	UnknownType	C0682359
28126110	300	303	RDS	T170	C0449370
28126110	340	358	social researchers	T097	C0035173
28126110	364	375	random walk	T170	C0449370
28126110	377	379	RW	T170	C0449370
28126110	444	447	RDS	T170	C0449370
28126110	453	455	RW	T170	C0449370
28126110	492	504	implementing	T052	C1708476
28126110	505	507	RW	T170	C0449370
28126110	512	515	RDS	T170	C0449370
28126110	519	526	recruit	T052	C2949735
28126110	527	537	drug users	T101	C0338666
28126110	543	550	network	T098	C0150775
28126110	558	563	study	T062	C2603343
28126110	567	581	Houston, Texas	T083	C3812709
28126110	588	599	recruitment	T052	C2949735
28126110	600	607	methods	T170	C0025663
28126110	613	624	implemented	T052	C1708476
28126110	672	682	population	UnknownType	C0682359
28126110	696	710	research staff	T097	C0851286
28126110	712	723	RDS methods	T170	C0449370
28126110	724	733	recruited	T052	C2949735
28126110	739	751	participants	T098	C0679646
28126110	762	768	strain	T041	C0025361
28126110	772	777	staff	T097	C0851286
28126110	788	800	participants	T098	C0679646
28126110	801	810	recruited	T052	C2949735
28126110	819	821	RW	T170	C0449370
28126110	849	852	RDS	T170	C0449370
28126110	853	865	participants	T098	C0679646
28126110	880	887	recruit	T052	C2949735
28126110	888	895	members	T098	C0680022
28126110	905	920	social networks	T098	C0150775
28126110	922	930	Findings	T169	C2607943
28126110	961	972	study goals	T062	C0242481
28126110	974	985	researchers	T097	C0035173
28126110	998	1004	design	T170	C0815259
28126110	1019	1030	participant	T098	C0679646
28126110	1031	1042	recruitment	T052	C2949735
28126110	1044	1055	participant	T098	C0679646
28126110	1082	1087	staff	T097	C0851286
28126110	1129	1142	study success	T062	C0242481

28126550|t|Mapping how local perturbations influence systems-level brain dynamics
28126550|a|The human brain exhibits a distinct spatiotemporal organization that supports brain function and can be manipulated via local brain stimulation. Such perturbations to local cortical dynamics are globally integrated by distinct neural systems. However, it remains unclear how local changes in neural activity affect large-scale system dynamics. Here, we briefly review empirical and computational studies addressing how localized perturbations affect brain activity. We then systematically analyze a model of large-scale brain dynamics, assessing how localized changes in brain activity at the different sites affect whole-brain dynamics. We find that local stimulation induces changes in brain activity that can be summarized by relatively smooth tuning curves, which relate a region's effectiveness as a stimulation site to its position within the cortical hierarchy. Our results also support the notion that brain hubs, operating in a slower regime, are more resilient to focal perturbations and critically contribute to maintain stability in global brain dynamics. In contrast, perturbations of peripheral regions, characterized by faster activity, have greater impact on functional connectivity. As a parallel with this region-level result, we also find that peripheral systems such as the visual and sensorimotor networks were more affected by local perturbations than high-level systems such as the cingulo-opercular network. Our findings highlight the importance of a periphery-to-core hierarchy to determine the effect of local stimulation on the brain network. This study also provides novel resources to orient empirical work aiming at manipulating functional connectivity using non-invasive brain stimulation.
28126550	0	7	Mapping	T060	C0006117
28126550	12	31	local perturbations	T169	C0332453
28126550	32	41	influence	T077	C4054723
28126550	42	70	systems-level brain dynamics	T039	C0443158
28126550	75	80	human	T016	C0086418
28126550	81	86	brain	T023	C0006104
28126550	107	134	spatiotemporal organization	T039	C0029237
28126550	149	163	brain function	T042	C0678908
28126550	191	214	local brain stimulation	T061	C0870227
28126550	221	234	perturbations	T169	C0332453
28126550	238	261	local cortical dynamics	T039	C0443158
28126550	298	312	neural systems	T022	C0027763
28126550	363	378	neural activity	T039	C0443158
28126550	386	413	large-scale system dynamics	T039	C0443158
28126550	432	438	review	T080	C1709940
28126550	439	448	empirical	T062	C0681812
28126550	453	474	computational studies	T062	C1516769
28126550	490	513	localized perturbations	T169	C0332453
28126550	521	535	brain activity	T039	C0443158
28126550	570	575	model	T170	C3161035
28126550	579	605	large-scale brain dynamics	T039	C0443158
28126550	642	656	brain activity	T039	C0443158
28126550	674	679	sites	T082	C0205145
28126550	687	707	whole-brain dynamics	T039	C0443158
28126550	722	739	local stimulation	T061	C0870227
28126550	759	773	brain activity	T039	C0443158
28126550	811	831	smooth tuning curves	T081	C0392762
28126550	876	892	stimulation site	T082	C0449708
28126550	920	938	cortical hierarchy	T169	C0699032
28126550	981	991	brain hubs	T023	C0006104
28126550	1045	1064	focal perturbations	T169	C0332453
28126550	1103	1112	stability	T080	C0205360
28126550	1116	1137	global brain dynamics	T039	C0443158
28126550	1152	1165	perturbations	T169	C0332453
28126550	1169	1187	peripheral regions	T022	C1519003
28126550	1213	1221	activity	T052	C0441655
28126550	1236	1242	impact	T080	C4049986
28126550	1334	1352	peripheral systems	T022	C0206417
28126550	1365	1371	visual	T169	C0234621
28126550	1376	1397	sensorimotor networks	T022	C0599408
28126550	1420	1439	local perturbations	T169	C0332453
28126550	1476	1501	cingulo-opercular network	T023	C0228262
28126550	1546	1573	periphery-to-core hierarchy	T169	C0699032
28126550	1601	1618	local stimulation	T061	C0870227
28126550	1626	1639	brain network	T023	C0006104
28126550	1760	1790	non-invasive brain stimulation	T061	C0870227

28126583|t|Time to diagnosis and stage of symptomatic colorectal cancer determined by three different sources of information: A population based retrospective study
28126583|a|Survival rates from colorectal cancer (CRC) are highly variable in Europe. This variability could potentially be explained by differences in healthcare system delays in diagnosis. However, even when such delays are reduced, the relationship of the diagnostic interval (time from presentation with symptoms to diagnosis) with outcome is uncertain. A total of 795 patients with CRC from 5 regions of Spain were retrospectively examined in this population -based multicenter study. Consecutive incident cases of CRC were identified from pathology services. The total diagnostic interval (TDI) was defined as the time from the first presentation with symptoms to diagnosis based on 3 different sources of information: (i) patient-recorded data (PR - TDI) by interview, (ii) hospital-recorded data (HR - TDI), and (iii) general practitioner-recorded data (GPR - TDI). Concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) were used to estimate the agreement of 3 different TDIs. The TDIs of patients with different stages of CRC were also compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The median TDI was 131days based on patient interview data, 91days based on HR data, and 111days based on GPR data. Overall, the agreement of these TDIs was poor (CCCPR vs HR =0.399, CCCPR vs GPR =0.518, CCCHR vs GPR =0.383). Univariate analysis indicated that the TDI was greater in those with less advanced CRC for all 3 methods of calculation, but this association was only statistically significant for the HR - TDI (p=0.021). There is no evidence that patients with more advanced CRC have longer TDIs. In fact, we found an inverse relationship between the TDI and CRC stage, an example of the " waiting time paradox ". This association may likely be due to the presence of unmeasured confounders as the stage when symptoms appear or the tumour aggressiveness.
28126583	0	4	Time	T079	C0040223
28126583	8	17	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28126583	22	27	stage	T079	C1306673
28126583	31	42	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28126583	43	60	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28126583	61	74	determined by	T080	C0521095
28126583	81	90	different	T080	C1705242
28126583	91	98	sources	T033	C0449416
28126583	102	113	information	T078	C1533716
28126583	117	127	population	T098	C1257890
28126583	134	153	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28126583	154	168	Survival rates	T081	C0038954
28126583	174	191	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28126583	193	196	CRC	T191	C1527249
28126583	202	208	highly	T080	C0205250
28126583	209	217	variable	T080	C0439828
28126583	221	227	Europe	T083	C0015176
28126583	234	245	variability	T077	C2827666
28126583	252	263	potentially	T080	C3245505
28126583	280	291	differences	T080	C1705242
28126583	295	312	healthcare system	T093	C0018696
28126583	323	332	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28126583	369	376	reduced	T080	C0392756
28126583	382	394	relationship	T080	C0439849
28126583	402	412	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28126583	413	421	interval	T079	C1272706
28126583	423	427	time	T079	C0040223
28126583	433	445	presentation	T078	C0449450
28126583	451	459	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28126583	463	472	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28126583	479	486	outcome	T169	C1274040
28126583	516	524	patients	T101	C0030705
28126583	530	533	CRC	T191	C1527249
28126583	541	548	regions	T083	C0017446
28126583	552	557	Spain	T083	C0037747
28126583	563	587	retrospectively examined	T062	C0035363
28126583	596	606	population	T098	C1257890
28126583	614	631	multicenter study	T062	C1096776
28126583	633	644	Consecutive	T080	C1707491
28126583	645	653	incident	T067	C1551358
28126583	654	659	cases	T169	C0868928
28126583	663	666	CRC	T191	C1527249
28126583	672	682	identified	T080	C0205396
28126583	688	706	pathology services	T093	C0587606
28126583	718	728	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28126583	729	737	interval	T079	C1272706
28126583	739	742	TDI	T079	C1272706
28126583	763	767	time	T079	C0040223
28126583	783	795	presentation	T078	C0449450
28126583	801	809	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28126583	813	822	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28126583	834	843	different	T080	C1705242
28126583	844	851	sources	T033	C0449416
28126583	855	866	information	T078	C1533716
28126583	872	893	patient-recorded data	T170	C2707520
28126583	895	897	PR	T170	C2707520
28126583	900	903	TDI	T079	C1272706
28126583	908	917	interview	T052	C0021822
28126583	924	946	hospital-recorded data	T073,T170	C0019980
28126583	948	950	HR	T073,T170	C0019980
28126583	953	956	TDI	T079	C1272706
28126583	969	1003	general practitioner-recorded data	T170	C0025102
28126583	1005	1008	GPR	T170	C0025102
28126583	1011	1014	TDI	T079	C1272706
28126583	1017	1053	Concordance correlation coefficients	T081	C0392762
28126583	1055	1059	CCCs	T081	C0392762
28126583	1074	1082	estimate	T081	C0750572
28126583	1102	1111	different	T080	C1705242
28126583	1112	1116	TDIs	T079	C1272706
28126583	1122	1126	TDIs	T079	C1272706
28126583	1130	1138	patients	T101	C0030705
28126583	1144	1153	different	T080	C1705242
28126583	1154	1160	stages	T079	C1306673
28126583	1164	1167	CRC	T191	C1527249
28126583	1197	1216	Kruskal-Wallis test	T170	C1708614
28126583	1222	1228	median	T082	C2939193
28126583	1229	1232	TDI	T079	C1272706
28126583	1254	1261	patient	T101	C0030705
28126583	1262	1271	interview	T052	C0021822
28126583	1272	1276	data	T078	C1511726
28126583	1294	1296	HR	T073,T170	C0019980
28126583	1297	1301	data	T078	C1511726
28126583	1324	1327	GPR	T170	C0025102
28126583	1328	1332	data	T078	C1511726
28126583	1366	1370	TDIs	T079	C1272706
28126583	1375	1379	poor	T080	C2700379
28126583	1381	1386	CCCPR	T170	C2707520
28126583	1390	1392	HR	T073,T170	C0019980
28126583	1401	1406	CCCPR	T170	C2707520
28126583	1410	1413	GPR	T170	C0025102
28126583	1422	1427	CCCHR	T073,T170	C0019980
28126583	1431	1434	GPR	T170	C0025102
28126583	1444	1463	Univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28126583	1483	1486	TDI	T079	C1272706
28126583	1491	1498	greater	T081	C1704243
28126583	1518	1526	advanced	T079	C3854260
28126583	1527	1530	CRC	T191	C1527249
28126583	1541	1548	methods	T170	C0025663
28126583	1552	1563	calculation	T052	C1441506
28126583	1574	1585	association	T080	C0439849
28126583	1595	1620	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28126583	1629	1631	HR	T073,T170	C0019980
28126583	1634	1637	TDI	T079	C1272706
28126583	1658	1669	no evidence	T080	C0332125
28126583	1675	1683	patients	T101	C0030705
28126583	1694	1702	advanced	T079	C3854260
28126583	1703	1706	CRC	T191	C1527249
28126583	1719	1723	TDIs	T079	C1272706
28126583	1746	1753	inverse	T080	C0439850
28126583	1754	1766	relationship	T080	C0439849
28126583	1779	1782	TDI	T079	C1272706
28126583	1787	1790	CRC	T191	C1527249
28126583	1791	1796	stage	T079	C1306673
28126583	1818	1830	waiting time	T079	C0814636
28126583	1831	1838	paradox	UnknownType	C0814353
28126583	1847	1858	association	T080	C0439849
28126583	1884	1892	presence	T080	C3854307
28126583	1907	1918	confounders	T169	C0009673
28126583	1926	1931	stage	T079	C1306673
28126583	1937	1945	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28126583	1960	1981	tumour aggressiveness	T191	C2945759

28126597|t|Tuning cell adhesive properties via layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan and alginate
28126597|a|Understanding the mechanisms controlling cell - multilayer film interactions is crucial to the successful engineering of these coatings for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Herein, we present a strategy to tune the cell adhesive properties of multilayers based on marine polysaccharides with and without cross-linking and/or coating with extracellular matrix proteins. Chemical cross-linking of multilayers improved mechanical properties of the coatings but also elicited changes in surface chemistry that alter the adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We evaluated a strategy to decouple the mechanical and chemical properties of these films, enabling the transition from cell - adhesive to cell - resistant multilayers. Addition of chitosan / alginate multilayers on top of cross-linked films decreased endothelial cell adhesion, spreading, and proliferation to similar levels as uncross-linked films. Our findings highlight the key role of surface chemistry in cell - multilayer film interactions, and these engineered nanocoatings represent a tunable model of cell adhesive and non-adhesive multilayered films. Multilayered films based on marine-derived polysaccharides were obtained by layer-by-layer (LbL). Biological tests with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed the potential of these films to tailor cell adhesion, spreading and proliferation. These multilayered films promise to be versatile and tunable model of cell adhesive and non-adhesive films.
28126597	0	6	Tuning	T080	C0205556
28126597	7	11	cell	T025	C0007634
28126597	12	20	adhesive	T073	C0001516
28126597	21	31	properties	T080	C0871161
28126597	36	59	layer-by-layer assembly	T052	C1706853
28126597	63	71	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28126597	76	84	alginate	T109,T122	C0102137
28126597	85	98	Understanding	T041	C0162340
28126597	103	113	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28126597	114	125	controlling	T067	C2239193
28126597	126	130	cell	T025	C0007634
28126597	133	148	multilayer film	T167	C1561572
28126597	149	161	interactions	T169	C1704675
28126597	180	190	successful	T080	C1272703
28126597	212	220	coatings	T080	C1522408
28126597	225	241	biotechnological	T091	C0005574
28126597	246	256	biomedical	T091	C1879848
28126597	257	269	applications	T169	C4048755
28126597	282	289	present	T033	C0150312
28126597	292	300	strategy	T041	C0679199
28126597	304	308	tune	T080	C0205556
28126597	313	317	cell	T025	C0007634
28126597	318	326	adhesive	T073	C0001516
28126597	327	337	properties	T080	C0871161
28126597	341	352	multilayers	T167	C1561572
28126597	362	384	marine polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
28126597	402	415	cross-linking	T169	C0332220
28126597	423	430	coating	T080	C1522408
28126597	436	465	extracellular matrix proteins	T116,T123	C0079323
28126597	467	475	Chemical	T103	C0220806
28126597	476	489	cross-linking	T169	C0332220
28126597	493	504	multilayers	T167	C1561572
28126597	505	513	improved	T033	C0184511
28126597	514	535	mechanical properties	T080	C0871161
28126597	543	551	coatings	T080	C1522408
28126597	561	569	elicited	T080	C0449265
28126597	570	577	changes	T169	C0392747
28126597	581	598	surface chemistry	T090	C1883249
28126597	604	609	alter	T169	C0392747
28126597	614	622	adhesion	T043	C0007577
28126597	626	664	human umbilical vein endothelial cells	T025	C3179121
28126597	669	678	evaluated	T052	C1516048
28126597	681	689	strategy	T041	C0679199
28126597	693	701	decouple	T080	C0443299
28126597	706	716	mechanical	T080	C0871161
28126597	721	740	chemical properties	T070	C0243178
28126597	750	755	films	T167	C1561572
28126597	757	765	enabling	T041	C1171285
28126597	770	780	transition	T052	C2700061
28126597	786	790	cell	T025	C0007634
28126597	793	801	adhesive	T073	C0001516
28126597	805	809	cell	T025	C0007634
28126597	812	821	resistant	T169	C0332325
28126597	822	833	multilayers	T167	C1561572
28126597	847	855	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28126597	858	866	alginate	T109,T122	C0102137
28126597	867	878	multilayers	T167	C1561572
28126597	889	901	cross-linked	T070	C0178576
28126597	902	907	films	T167	C1561572
28126597	908	917	decreased	T081	C0205216
28126597	918	943	endothelial cell adhesion	T043	C2754808
28126597	945	954	spreading	T080	C0332261
28126597	960	973	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28126597	977	991	similar levels	T080	C0441889
28126597	995	1009	uncross-linked	T080	C0205556
28126597	1010	1015	films	T167	C1561572
28126597	1021	1029	findings	T033	C0243095
28126597	1044	1052	key role	T077	C1705810
28126597	1056	1073	surface chemistry	T090	C1883249
28126597	1077	1081	cell	T025	C0007634
28126597	1084	1099	multilayer film	T167	C1561572
28126597	1100	1112	interactions	T169	C1704675
28126597	1135	1147	nanocoatings	T080	C1522408
28126597	1160	1173	tunable model	T075	C0026339
28126597	1177	1181	cell	T025	C0007634
28126597	1182	1190	adhesive	T073	C0001516
28126597	1195	1207	non-adhesive	T080	C0205556
28126597	1208	1226	multilayered films	T167	C1561572
28126597	1228	1246	Multilayered films	T167	C1561572
28126597	1271	1286	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
28126597	1304	1318	layer-by-layer	T167	C1561572
28126597	1320	1323	LbL	T167	C1561572
28126597	1326	1342	Biological tests	T059	C0022885
28126597	1348	1386	human umbilical vein endothelial cells	T025	C3179121
28126597	1388	1394	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
28126597	1407	1416	potential	T080	C3245505
28126597	1426	1431	films	T167	C1561572
28126597	1442	1455	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
28126597	1457	1466	spreading	T080	C0332261
28126597	1471	1484	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28126597	1492	1510	multilayered films	T167	C1561572
28126597	1511	1518	promise	T078	C1555307
28126597	1525	1534	versatile	T080	C0205556
28126597	1539	1546	tunable	T080	C0205556
28126597	1547	1552	model	T075	C0026339
28126597	1556	1569	cell adhesive	T073	C0001516
28126597	1574	1586	non-adhesive	T080	C0205556
28126597	1587	1592	films	T167	C1561572

28127340|t|Zoonotic and Non-zoonotic Parasites of Wild Rodents in Turkman Sahra, Northeastern Iran
28127340|a|This study was conducted to collect informative data on the parasitic infection of wild rodents, emphasizing on finding parasites, which have medical importance to human. During 2012-2014, a total number of 91 wild rodents were captured from rural areas of Turkmen Sahra, Golestan Province, using handmade traps. Animals were anesthetized, surveyed for any ectoparasite and then their carcasses were carefully dissected for examination of endoparsites. Four species of rodents including Mus musculus (52.75%), Rattus norvegicus (38.46%), Rhombomys opimus (4.40%) and Meriones libycus (4.40%) were captured. Parasitic infestation was detected in 38.5% of sampled rodents. Parasite infestation rates of sampled rodents was Hymenolepis diminuta = 7.7%, Cryptosporidium spp = 6.6%, Trichuris spp .= 5.5%, Cysticercus fasciolaris = 2.20%, Angiostrongylus spp .= 2.20%, Capillaria sp .= 1.09%, Rhipicephalus spp. = 8.70%, Nosopsyllus fasciatus = 1.09%, and Laelaps nuttalli = 3.29%. Among 10 genera / species of identified parasites, at least 8 of them were zoonotic with public health importance. L. nuttalli and N. fasciatus were the only two non-zoonotic detected parasites in this survey. Harboring a wide variety of zoonotic parasites in sampled wild rodents particularly when they live nearby villages, represents a potential risk to native inhabitants. Hence, controlling rodents ' population in residential regions and improving awareness of local people about the risk of disease transmission through rodents seems to be entirely necessary.
28127340	0	8	Zoonotic	T001	C1628327
28127340	13	25	Non-zoonotic	T033	C0243095
28127340	26	35	Parasites	T204	C0030498
28127340	39	43	Wild	T170	C0445392
28127340	44	51	Rodents	T015	C0035804
28127340	55	87	Turkman Sahra, Northeastern Iran	T083	C0022065
28127340	93	98	study	T062	C2603343
28127340	116	140	collect informative data	T062	C0010995
28127340	148	167	parasitic infection	T047	C0747256
28127340	171	175	wild	T170	C0445392
28127340	176	183	rodents	T015	C0035804
28127340	200	207	finding	T033	C0243095
28127340	208	217	parasites	T204	C0030498
28127340	230	237	medical	T169	C0205476
28127340	238	248	importance	T080	C3898777
28127340	252	257	human	T016	C0086418
28127340	279	291	total number	T081	C4288115
28127340	298	302	wild	T170	C0445392
28127340	303	310	rodents	T015	C0035804
28127340	316	324	captured	T169	C0205245
28127340	330	341	rural areas	T082	C0178837
28127340	345	377	Turkmen Sahra, Golestan Province	T083	C0022065
28127340	385	399	handmade traps	T073	C0699733
28127340	401	408	Animals	T008	C0003062
28127340	414	426	anesthetized	T033	C1720436
28127340	428	436	surveyed	T170	C0038951
28127340	445	457	ectoparasite	T204	C0562634
28127340	473	482	carcasses	T021	C0229961
28127340	498	507	dissected	T169	C0205239
28127340	512	523	examination	T033	C0332128
28127340	527	539	endoparsites	T204	C0320225
28127340	546	553	species	T185	C1705920
28127340	557	564	rodents	T015	C0035804
28127340	565	574	including	T169	C0332257
28127340	575	587	Mus musculus	T015	C0025914
28127340	598	615	Rattus norvegicus	T015	C0034693
28127340	626	642	Rhombomys opimus	T015	C1646173
28127340	655	671	Meriones libycus	T015	C1681293
28127340	685	693	captured	T169	C0205245
28127340	695	716	Parasitic infestation	T047	C1384353
28127340	721	729	detected	T033	C0442726
28127340	742	749	sampled	T078	C0870078
28127340	750	757	rodents	T015	C0035804
28127340	759	779	Parasite infestation	T047	C1384353
28127340	780	785	rates	T081	C1521828
28127340	789	796	sampled	T078	C0870078
28127340	797	804	rodents	T015	C0035804
28127340	809	829	Hymenolepis diminuta	T204	C0322197
28127340	838	857	Cryptosporidium spp	T204	C1744526
28127340	866	879	Trichuris spp	T204	C0684063
28127340	889	912	Cysticercus fasciolaris	T204	C0322189
28127340	922	941	Angiostrongylus spp	T204	C1641848
28127340	952	965	Capillaria sp	T204	C0006896
28127340	976	993	Rhipicephalus spp	T204	C0323464
28127340	1004	1025	Nosopsyllus fasciatus	T204	C0323233
28127340	1039	1055	Laelaps nuttalli	T204	C3012304
28127340	1074	1080	genera	T185	C1708235
28127340	1083	1090	species	T185	C1705920
28127340	1094	1104	identified	T080	C0205396
28127340	1105	1114	parasites	T204	C0030498
28127340	1140	1148	zoonotic	T001	C1628327
28127340	1154	1167	public health	T170	C3244304
28127340	1168	1178	importance	T080	C3898777
28127340	1180	1191	L. nuttalli	T204	C3012304
28127340	1196	1208	N. fasciatus	T204	C0323233
28127340	1227	1239	non-zoonotic	T033	C0243095
28127340	1240	1248	detected	T033	C0442726
28127340	1249	1258	parasites	T204	C0030498
28127340	1267	1273	survey	T170	C0038951
28127340	1275	1284	Harboring	T169	C0332257
28127340	1287	1291	wide	T082	C0332464
28127340	1303	1311	zoonotic	T001	C1628327
28127340	1312	1321	parasites	T204	C0030498
28127340	1325	1332	sampled	T078	C0870078
28127340	1333	1337	wild	T170	C0445392
28127340	1338	1345	rodents	T015	C0035804
28127340	1346	1358	particularly	T080	C0205369
28127340	1374	1380	nearby	T080	C1706276
28127340	1381	1389	villages	T083	C0562518
28127340	1404	1413	potential	T080	C3245505
28127340	1414	1418	risk	T078	C0035647
28127340	1422	1440	native inhabitants	T098	C0079891
28127340	1449	1460	controlling	T169	C2587213
28127340	1461	1468	rodents	T015	C0035804
28127340	1471	1481	population	T098	C1257890
28127340	1485	1504	residential regions	T082	C0442506
28127340	1509	1518	improving	T033	C0184511
28127340	1519	1528	awareness	T041	C0004448
28127340	1532	1537	local	T082	C0205276
28127340	1538	1544	people	T098	C0027361
28127340	1555	1559	risk	T078	C0035647
28127340	1563	1583	disease transmission	T046	C0242781
28127340	1592	1599	rodents	T015	C0035804
28127340	1621	1630	necessary	T080	C3898777

28127394|t|Crop -to- wild gene flow and its fitness consequences for a wild fruit tree: Towards a comprehensive conservation strategy of the wild apple in Europe
28127394|a|Crop -to- wild gene flow can reduce the fitness and genetic integrity of wild species. Malus sylvestris, the European crab-apple fruit tree in particular, is threatened by the disappearance of its habitat and by gene flow from its domesticated relative, Malus domestica. With the aims of evaluating threats for M. sylvestris and of formulating recommendations for its conservation, we studied here, using microsatellite markers and growth experiments: (i) hybridization rates in seeds and trees from a French forest and in seeds used for replanting crab apples in agrosystems and in forests, (ii) the impact of the level of M. domestica ancestry on individual tree fitness and (iii) pollen dispersal abilities in relation to crop -to- wild gene flow. We found substantial contemporary crop -to- wild gene flow in crab-apple tree populations and superior fitness of hybrids compared to wild seeds and seedlings. Using paternity analyses, we showed that pollen dispersal could occur up to 4 km and decreased with tree density. The seed network furnishing the wild apple reintroduction agroforestry programmes was found to suffer from poor genetic diversity, introgressions and species misidentification. Overall, our findings indicate supported threats for the European wild apple steering us to provide precise recommendations for its conservation.
28127394	0	4	Crop	T002	C0242775
28127394	10	24	wild gene flow	T045	C1565556
28127394	33	40	fitness	T045	C2717776
28127394	41	53	consequences	T169	C0686907
28127394	60	70	wild fruit	T168	C0016767
28127394	71	75	tree	T002	C0040811
28127394	87	100	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28127394	101	113	conservation	T080	C2347858
28127394	130	140	wild apple	T002	C0032098
28127394	144	150	Europe	T083	C0015176
28127394	151	155	Crop	T002	C0242775
28127394	161	175	wild gene flow	T045	C1565556
28127394	191	198	fitness	T045	C2717776
28127394	203	210	genetic	T028	C0017337
28127394	211	220	integrity	T080	C1947912
28127394	224	228	wild	T002	C0330098
28127394	229	236	species	T185	C1705920
28127394	238	254	Malus sylvestris	T002	C0947573
28127394	260	268	European	T083	C0015176
28127394	269	290	crab-apple fruit tree	T002	C4045983
28127394	309	319	threatened	T078	C0749385
28127394	327	340	disappearance	T070	C1720991
28127394	348	355	habitat	T082	C0871648
28127394	363	372	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28127394	382	394	domesticated	T080	C1880391
28127394	395	403	relative	T080	C0205345
28127394	405	420	Malus domestica	T002	C0330653
28127394	450	457	threats	T078	C0749385
28127394	462	475	M. sylvestris	T002	C0947573
28127394	495	510	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28127394	519	531	conservation	T080	C2347858
28127394	556	578	microsatellite markers	T114,T123	C1519302
28127394	583	589	growth	T040	C0597252
28127394	590	601	experiments	T062	C0681814
28127394	607	620	hybridization	T045	C0020202
28127394	621	626	rates	T081	C1521828
28127394	630	635	seeds	T002	C0036563
28127394	640	645	trees	T002	C0040811
28127394	653	659	French	T083	C0016674
28127394	660	666	forest	T070	C0086312
28127394	674	679	seeds	T002	C0036563
28127394	689	699	replanting	T002	C0036563
28127394	700	711	crab apples	T002	C4045983
28127394	715	726	agrosystems	T082	C0562975
28127394	734	741	forests	T070	C0086312
28127394	752	758	impact	T080	C4049986
28127394	766	771	level	T080	C0441889
28127394	775	787	M. domestica	T002	C0330653
28127394	788	796	ancestry	T099	C0870134
28127394	800	815	individual tree	T002	C0040811
28127394	816	823	fitness	T045	C2717776
28127394	834	840	pollen	T002	C0032385
28127394	841	850	dispersal	T067	C3494413
28127394	851	860	abilities	T032	C0085732
28127394	876	880	crop	T002	C0242775
28127394	886	900	wild gene flow	T045	C1565556
28127394	923	935	contemporary	UnknownType	C0681703
28127394	936	940	crop	T002	C0242775
28127394	946	960	wild gene flow	T045	C1565556
28127394	964	974	crab-apple	T002	C4045983
28127394	975	991	tree populations	T002	C0040811
28127394	996	1004	superior	T080	C0205250
28127394	1005	1012	fitness	T045	C2717776
28127394	1016	1023	hybrids	T001	C0020205
28127394	1024	1032	compared	T052	C1707455
28127394	1036	1046	wild seeds	T002	C0036563
28127394	1051	1060	seedlings	T002	C0242437
28127394	1068	1086	paternity analyses	T059	C0022885
28127394	1103	1109	pollen	T002	C0032385
28127394	1110	1119	dispersal	T067	C3494413
28127394	1126	1131	occur	T052	C1709305
28127394	1147	1156	decreased	T081	C0205216
28127394	1162	1166	tree	T002	C0040811
28127394	1167	1174	density	T081	C0178587
28127394	1180	1184	seed	T002	C0036563
28127394	1185	1192	network	T169	C1882071
28127394	1208	1218	wild apple	T002	C0032098
28127394	1234	1246	agroforestry	T090	C0085081
28127394	1247	1257	programmes	T169	C3484370
28127394	1283	1287	poor	T080	C0542537
28127394	1288	1305	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
28127394	1307	1321	introgressions	T045	C1160179
28127394	1326	1333	species	T185	C1705920
28127394	1353	1360	Overall	T080	C1561607
28127394	1394	1401	threats	T078	C0749385
28127394	1410	1418	European	T083	C0015176
28127394	1419	1429	wild apple	T002	C0032098
28127394	1445	1452	provide	T052	C1999230
28127394	1461	1476	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28127394	1485	1497	conservation	T080	C2347858

28127757|t|Donor bone marrow cells are essential for iNKT cell -mediated Foxp3 + Treg cell expansion in a murine model of transplantation tolerance
28127757|a|Mixed chimerism induction is the most reliable method for establishing transplantation tolerance. We previously described a novel treatment using a suboptimal dose of anti-CD40 ligand (anti-CD40L) and liposomal formulation of a ligand for invariant natural killer T cells administered to sub-lethally irradiated recipient mice after donor bone marrow cell (BMC) transfer. Recipient mice treated with this regimen showed expansion of a Foxp3 -positive regulatory T(Treg) cell phenotype, and formation of mixed chimera. However, the mechanism of expansion and bioactivity of Treg cells remains unclear. Here, we examine the role of donor BMCs in the expansion of bioactive Treg cells. The mouse model was transplanted with a heart allograft the day after treatment. The results showed that transfer of spleen cells in place of BMCs failed to deplete host interferon (IFN)-γ -producing CD8(+) T cells, expand host Ki67(+) CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Treg cells, and prolong graft survival. Severe combined immunodeficiency mice who received Treg cells obtained from BMC-recipients accepted skin grafts in an allo-specific manner. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which were a copious cell subset in BMCs, enhanced the Ki67 expression of Treg cells. This suggests that donor BMCs are indispensable for the expansion of host bioactive Treg cells in our novel treatment for transplant tolerance induction.
28127757	0	5	Donor	T098	C0013018
28127757	6	23	bone marrow cells	T025	C0005955
28127757	42	51	iNKT cell	T025	C2350467
28127757	62	67	Foxp3	T116,T123	C1505260
28127757	70	79	Treg cell	T025	C0039198
28127757	80	89	expansion	T043	C0007595
28127757	95	101	murine	T015	C0026809
28127757	102	107	model	T008	C0599779
28127757	111	136	transplantation tolerance	T040	C0887936
28127757	137	152	Mixed chimerism	T032	C0333678
28127757	153	162	induction	T045	C0017391
28127757	184	190	method	T170	C0025663
28127757	208	233	transplantation tolerance	T040	C0887936
28127757	267	276	treatment	T061	C0087111
28127757	285	300	suboptimal dose	T081	C0178602
28127757	304	320	anti-CD40 ligand	T121	C1254351
28127757	322	332	anti-CD40L	T121	C1254351
28127757	338	347	liposomal	T109	C0023828
28127757	348	359	formulation	T122	C0013058
28127757	376	408	invariant natural killer T cells	T025	C2350467
28127757	409	421	administered	T169	C1521801
28127757	425	437	sub-lethally	T033	C0243095
28127757	449	463	recipient mice	T015	C0025929
28127757	470	475	donor	T098	C0013018
28127757	476	492	bone marrow cell	T025	C0005955
28127757	494	497	BMC	T025	C0005955
28127757	499	507	transfer	T061	C0040732
28127757	509	523	Recipient mice	T015	C0025929
28127757	524	536	treated with	T061	C0332293
28127757	542	549	regimen	T061	C0040808
28127757	557	566	expansion	T043	C0007595
28127757	572	577	Foxp3	T116,T123	C1505260
28127757	588	611	regulatory T(Treg) cell	T025	C0039198
28127757	612	621	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28127757	640	653	mixed chimera	T001	C0206612
28127757	668	677	mechanism	T043	C0007613
28127757	681	690	expansion	T043	C0007595
28127757	695	706	bioactivity	T052	C0441655
28127757	710	720	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28127757	747	754	examine	T033	C0332128
28127757	767	772	donor	T098	C0013018
28127757	773	777	BMCs	T025	C0005955
28127757	785	794	expansion	T043	C0007595
28127757	808	818	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28127757	824	835	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28127757	840	852	transplanted	T061	C0040732
28127757	860	875	heart allograft	T023	C0564471
28127757	880	883	day	T079	C0439228
28127757	890	899	treatment	T061	C0087111
28127757	925	933	transfer	T061	C0040732
28127757	937	943	spleen	T023	C0037993
28127757	944	949	cells	T025	C0007634
28127757	962	966	BMCs	T025	C0005955
28127757	985	989	host	T026	C1819995
28127757	990	1008	interferon (IFN)-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28127757	1020	1034	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
28127757	1043	1047	host	T026	C1819995
28127757	1048	1090	Ki67(+) CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28127757	1104	1118	graft survival	T042	C0018131
28127757	1136	1152	immunodeficiency	T047	C0021051
28127757	1153	1157	mice	T015	C0025929
28127757	1171	1181	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28127757	1196	1210	BMC-recipients	T101	C0376387
28127757	1220	1231	skin grafts	T122	C0181078
28127757	1260	1292	Myeloid-derived suppressor cells	T025	C4277543
28127757	1307	1326	copious cell subset	T025	C0007634
28127757	1330	1334	BMCs	T025	C0005955
28127757	1349	1353	Ki67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
28127757	1354	1364	expression	T045	C1171362
28127757	1368	1378	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28127757	1399	1404	donor	T098	C0013018
28127757	1405	1409	BMCs	T025	C0005955
28127757	1436	1445	expansion	T043	C0007595
28127757	1449	1453	host	T026	C1819995
28127757	1464	1474	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28127757	1488	1497	treatment	T061	C0087111
28127757	1502	1532	transplant tolerance induction	T038	C1817969

28127799|t|TBL1XR1 predicts isolated tumor cells and micrometastasis in patients with TNM stage I/II colorectal cancer
28127799|a|A considerable number of early stage colorectal cancer (CRC) patients may develop cancer relapse or metastasis after curative surgery. Isolated tumor cells (ITC) and micrometastasis in lymph nodes (LNMM), which are undetectable by conventional pathological examination, may be one primary reason. Detection of ITC / LNMM is time-consuming and cost-ineffective, we aimed to find biomarkers in primary CRC tissues to help predicting ITC / LNMM status. We enrolled 137 node-negative patients with early stage CRC in this study. Existence of ITC / LNMM was identified by immunohistological staining with cytokeratin 20 in resected lymph nodes. Expression of transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1 (TBL1XR1) in primary CRC tissues was also investigated. Chi-square test was performed to reveal the correlations between ITC / LNMM and clinicopathological characteristics. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine independent prognostic factors. Knock-down experiment together with proliferation and invasion assays were carried out to explore molecular mechanisms between TBL1XR1 and ITC / LNMM. 29.2% (40/137) patients were identified as ITC / LNMM positive and most of them (32/40 cases, 80%) showed high TBL1XR1 expression in primary CRC tissues. Both ITC / LNMM and TBL1XR1 expression were independent prognostic factors for disease relapse or metastasis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TBL1XR1 can regulate the expression of VEGF-C and epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins, thus mediate the process of lymph node metastasis. Identification of ITC / LNMM is significant in evaluating clinical outcome and guiding adjuvant chemotherapy for early stage CRC patients. TBL1XR1 overexpression in CRC tissues can serve as an efficient biomarker to predict the status of ITC / LNMM.
28127799	0	7	TBL1XR1	T116,T123	C1176196
28127799	8	16	predicts	T078	C0681842
28127799	17	37	isolated tumor cells	T033	C3829491
28127799	42	57	micrometastasis	T033	C1513276
28127799	61	69	patients	T101	C0030705
28127799	75	89	TNM stage I/II	T185	C1515169
28127799	90	107	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28127799	110	129	considerable number	T081	C0237753
28127799	133	144	early stage	T079	C2363430
28127799	145	162	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28127799	164	167	CRC	T191	C1527249
28127799	169	177	patients	T101	C0030705
28127799	190	204	cancer relapse	T191	C0699753
28127799	208	218	metastasis	T191	C0027627
28127799	225	241	curative surgery	T061	C1511562
28127799	243	263	Isolated tumor cells	T033	C3829491
28127799	265	268	ITC	T033	C3829491
28127799	274	289	micrometastasis	T033	C1513276
28127799	293	304	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28127799	306	310	LNMM	T191	C0024232
28127799	323	335	undetectable	T201	C3827727
28127799	339	351	conventional	T080	C0439858
28127799	352	376	pathological examination	T058	C0582103
28127799	389	403	primary reason	T078	C1549995
28127799	405	414	Detection	T061	C1511790
28127799	418	421	ITC	T033	C3829491
28127799	424	428	LNMM	T191	C0024232
28127799	432	446	time-consuming	T080	C3827829
28127799	451	467	cost-ineffective	T081	C0392762
28127799	472	477	aimed	T078	C1947946
28127799	481	485	find	T033	C0243095
28127799	486	496	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28127799	500	507	primary	T080	C0205225
28127799	508	511	CRC	T191	C1527249
28127799	512	519	tissues	T024	C0040300
28127799	528	538	predicting	T078	C0681842
28127799	539	542	ITC	T033	C3829491
28127799	545	549	LNMM	T191	C0024232
28127799	550	556	status	T080	C0449438
28127799	574	587	node-negative	T033	C0678034
28127799	588	596	patients	T101	C0030705
28127799	602	613	early stage	T079	C2363430
28127799	614	617	CRC	T191	C1527249
28127799	626	631	study	T062	C0681814
28127799	633	642	Existence	T077	C2987476
28127799	646	649	ITC	T033	C3829491
28127799	652	656	LNMM	T191	C0024232
28127799	661	671	identified	T080	C0205396
28127799	675	702	immunohistological staining	T059	C0487602
28127799	708	722	cytokeratin 20	T116,T123	C0219510
28127799	726	734	resected	T080	C1521996
28127799	735	746	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28127799	748	758	Expression	T045	C1171362
28127799	762	803	transducin (β)-like 1 X-linked receptor 1	T116,T123	C1176196
28127799	805	812	TBL1XR1	T116,T123	C1176196
28127799	817	824	primary	T080	C0205225
28127799	825	828	CRC	T191	C1527249
28127799	829	836	tissues	T024	C0040300
28127799	846	858	investigated	T169	C1292732
28127799	860	875	Chi-square test	T170	C0008041
28127799	880	889	performed	T169	C0884358
28127799	893	899	reveal	T080	C0443289
28127799	904	916	correlations	T080	C1707520
28127799	925	928	ITC	T033	C3829491
28127799	931	935	LNMM	T191	C0024232
28127799	940	959	clinicopathological	T169	C1521733
28127799	960	975	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28127799	977	987	Univariate	T062	C0683962
28127799	992	1013	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
28127799	1037	1048	independent	T169	C0332291
28127799	1049	1067	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
28127799	1069	1090	Knock-down experiment	T063	C2350567
28127799	1091	1099	together	T080	C1883357
28127799	1105	1118	proliferation	T046	C0334094
28127799	1123	1131	invasion	T046	C2699153
28127799	1132	1138	assays	T059	C0005507
28127799	1167	1187	molecular mechanisms	T044	C3537153
28127799	1196	1203	TBL1XR1	T116,T123	C1176196
28127799	1208	1211	ITC	T033	C3829491
28127799	1214	1218	LNMM	T191	C0024232
28127799	1235	1243	patients	T101	C0030705
28127799	1249	1259	identified	T080	C0205396
28127799	1263	1266	ITC	T033	C3829491
28127799	1269	1273	LNMM	T191	C0024232
28127799	1274	1282	positive	T033	C1446409
28127799	1326	1330	high	T080	C0205250
28127799	1331	1338	TBL1XR1	T116,T123	C1176196
28127799	1339	1349	expression	T045	C1171362
28127799	1353	1360	primary	T080	C0205225
28127799	1361	1364	CRC	T191	C1527249
28127799	1365	1372	tissues	T024	C0040300
28127799	1374	1378	Both	T080	C1706086
28127799	1379	1382	ITC	T033	C3829491
28127799	1385	1389	LNMM	T191	C0024232
28127799	1394	1401	TBL1XR1	T116,T123	C1176196
28127799	1402	1412	expression	T045	C1171362
28127799	1418	1429	independent	T169	C0332291
28127799	1430	1448	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
28127799	1453	1468	disease relapse	T047	C0277556
28127799	1472	1482	metastasis	T191	C0027627
28127799	1484	1492	In vitro	T080	C1533691
28127799	1493	1504	experiments	T062	C0681814
28127799	1505	1517	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
28127799	1523	1530	TBL1XR1	T116,T123	C1176196
28127799	1535	1543	regulate	T169	C2587213
28127799	1548	1558	expression	T045	C1171362
28127799	1562	1568	VEGF-C	T116,T123	C0388911
28127799	1573	1595	epithelial-mesenchymal	T025	C1181295
28127799	1596	1615	transition proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28127799	1634	1641	process	T067	C1522240
28127799	1645	1666	lymph node metastasis	T191	C0024232
28127799	1668	1682	Identification	T080	C0205396
28127799	1686	1689	ITC	T033	C3829491
28127799	1692	1696	LNMM	T191	C0024232
28127799	1700	1711	significant	T078	C0750502
28127799	1726	1742	clinical outcome	T169	C1274040
28127799	1755	1776	adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
28127799	1781	1792	early stage	T079	C2363430
28127799	1793	1796	CRC	T191	C1527249
28127799	1797	1805	patients	T101	C0030705
28127799	1807	1814	TBL1XR1	T116,T123	C1176196
28127799	1815	1829	overexpression	T045	C0017262
28127799	1833	1836	CRC	T191	C1527249
28127799	1837	1844	tissues	T024	C0040300
28127799	1861	1870	efficient	T080	C0442799
28127799	1871	1880	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28127799	1884	1891	predict	T078	C0681842
28127799	1896	1902	status	T080	C0449438
28127799	1906	1909	ITC	T033	C3829491
28127799	1912	1916	LNMM	T191	C0024232

28127853|t|Creative approach for successful aging: A pilot study of an intergenerational health promotion program
28127853|a|To develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an intergenerational health promotion program. This was an action research project. A total of 34 participants attended the 12- week program and completed the pre-test and post-test. There were 16 middle-aged and nine older adults recruited from a district of Taipei, and nine young adults recruited from the principal investigator's university. The " Attitudes toward Aging Scale " and the " Spiritual Health Scale " were two assessment instruments used in the study. The results showed that there were significant improvements in the Attitudes toward Aging Scale for the young adult group (aged 18-29 years) and in the Spiritual Health Scale for the older adult group (aged 65-80 years). The evaluation showed that participants were satisfied with the program. The results of the present study provide future directions for successful aging and intergenerational learning. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; ••: ••-••.
28127853	22	32	successful	T080	C1272703
28127853	33	38	aging	T040	C0001811
28127853	42	53	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28127853	60	77	intergenerational	T079	C0598500
28127853	78	102	health promotion program	T058	C0043113
28127853	118	126	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28127853	131	144	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28127853	151	168	intergenerational	T079	C0598500
28127853	169	193	health promotion program	T058	C0043113
28127853	214	230	research project	T062	C0700032
28127853	234	239	total	T080	C0439810
28127853	246	258	participants	T098	C0679646
28127853	276	280	week	T079	C0439230
28127853	281	288	program	T058	C0043113
28127853	293	302	completed	T080	C0205197
28127853	307	329	pre-test and post-test	T170	C0032919
28127853	345	356	middle-aged	T100	C0205847
28127853	366	378	older adults	T098	C0001792
28127853	379	388	recruited	T052	C2949735
28127853	408	414	Taipei	T083	C0017446
28127853	425	437	young adults	T100	C0238598
28127853	438	447	recruited	T052	C2949735
28127853	457	481	principal investigator's	T097	C1521895
28127853	482	492	university	T073,T092	C0041740
28127853	500	528	Attitudes toward Aging Scale	T170	C0282574
28127853	541	563	Spiritual Health Scale	T170	C0282574
28127853	575	585	assessment	T058	C0220825
28127853	586	597	instruments	T170	C0282574
28127853	610	615	study	T062	C2603343
28127853	621	628	results	T033	C0683954
28127853	652	663	significant	T078	C0750502
28127853	664	676	improvements	T077	C2986411
28127853	684	712	Attitudes toward Aging Scale	T170	C0282574
28127853	721	732	young adult	T100	C0238598
28127853	733	738	group	T078	C0441833
28127853	751	756	years	T079	C1510829
28127853	769	791	Spiritual Health Scale	T170	C0282574
28127853	800	811	older adult	T098	C0001792
28127853	812	817	group	T078	C0441833
28127853	819	823	aged	T032	C0001779
28127853	830	835	years	T079	C1510829
28127853	842	852	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28127853	865	877	participants	T098	C0679646
28127853	883	892	satisfied	T041	C0242428
28127853	902	909	program	T058	C0043113
28127853	915	922	results	T033	C0683954
28127853	974	984	successful	T080	C1272703
28127853	985	990	aging	T040	C0001811
28127853	995	1012	intergenerational	T079	C0598500
28127853	1013	1021	learning	T065	C0013621

28127863|t|Signs of dysarthria in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
28127863|a|The aim of the study was to investigate how adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) performed on dysarthria and intelligibility tests compared with a control group. Ten participants with confirmed 22q11.2 deletion, five males and five females with a mean age of 31 years (range: 19-49), were compared with a control group matched for gender and age (five males and five females, mean age: 32 years, range: 19-49). Assessment of non-verbal and verbal tasks reflecting respiration, phonation, oral motor function, velopharyngeal function, articulation, and prosody was performed as well as the Swedish Test of Intelligibility (STI). All assessments were made by two raters; inter-rater and intra-rater reliability was acceptable. The participants with 22q11DS had significantly more problems than the control group on all investigated dimensions except the STI. Overall, the severity of their speech deviation was rated as mild to moderate. The largest difficulties were found regarding speech respiration, phonation, oral motor function, and velopharyngeal function. The results of the present study suggest that a neurological etiology could be added to the previously described structural etiology explaining the speech difficulties found in 22q11DS. Signs of difficulties in both speech motor planning and speech motor programming were found. Further studies are needed to confirm the results, as are studies of the association between structural brain abnormalities and neurological speech symptoms. For clinical purposes, it is important that clinicians have knowledge about the variable speech symptoms that may occur in individuals with 22q11DS and that they be aware of the complexity of the etiology of such speech symptoms. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
28127863	0	5	Signs	T184	C0037088
28127863	9	19	dysarthria	T048	C0013362
28127863	23	29	adults	T100	C0001675
28127863	35	60	22q11.2 deletion syndrome	T047	C0012236
28127863	76	81	study	T062	C2603343
28127863	105	111	adults	T100	C0001675
28127863	117	142	22q11.2 deletion syndrome	T047	C0012236
28127863	144	151	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
28127863	166	176	dysarthria	T048	C0013362
28127863	181	196	intelligibility	T041	C0589416
28127863	197	202	tests	T060	C0683443
28127863	203	211	compared	T052	C1707455
28127863	219	232	control group	T096	C0009932
28127863	238	250	participants	T098	C0679646
28127863	266	282	22q11.2 deletion	T049	C2910370
28127863	289	294	males	T032	C0086582
28127863	304	311	females	T032	C0086287
28127863	324	327	age	T032	C0001779
28127863	334	339	years	T079	C0439234
28127863	361	369	compared	T052	C1707455
28127863	377	390	control group	T096	C0009932
28127863	403	409	gender	T032	C0079399
28127863	414	417	age	T032	C0001779
28127863	424	429	males	T032	C0086582
28127863	439	446	females	T032	C0086287
28127863	453	456	age	T032	C0001779
28127863	461	466	years	T079	C0439234
28127863	483	493	Assessment	T052	C1516048
28127863	497	524	non-verbal and verbal tasks	T060	C0430022
28127863	536	547	respiration	T039	C0035203
28127863	549	558	phonation	T042	C0031577
28127863	560	579	oral motor function	T042	C0563145
28127863	581	604	velopharyngeal function	T059	C4027435
28127863	606	618	articulation	T042	C0234830
28127863	624	631	prosody	T033	C0233743
28127863	661	692	Swedish Test of Intelligibility	T170	C0451496
28127863	694	697	STI	T170	C0451496
28127863	704	715	assessments	T052	C1516048
28127863	741	752	inter-rater	T081	C0870740
28127863	757	780	intra-rater reliability	T081	C0392762
28127863	801	813	participants	T098	C0679646
28127863	819	826	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
28127863	850	858	problems	T033	C0033213
28127863	868	881	control group	T096	C0009932
28127863	924	927	STI	T170	C0451496
28127863	960	976	speech deviation	T033	C0243095
28127863	981	986	rated	T052	C0871208
28127863	1054	1060	speech	T040	C0037817
28127863	1061	1072	respiration	T039	C0035203
28127863	1074	1083	phonation	T042	C0031577
28127863	1085	1104	oral motor function	T042	C0563145
28127863	1110	1133	velopharyngeal function	T059	C4027435
28127863	1162	1167	study	T062	C2603343
28127863	1183	1204	neurological etiology	T169	C1314792
28127863	1248	1267	structural etiology	T169	C1314792
28127863	1283	1302	speech difficulties	T033	C0233715
28127863	1312	1319	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
28127863	1321	1326	Signs	T184	C0037088
28127863	1351	1372	speech motor planning	T041	C0025361
28127863	1377	1401	speech motor programming	T041	C0025361
28127863	1422	1429	studies	T062	C2603343
28127863	1456	1463	results	T169	C1274040
28127863	1472	1479	studies	T062	C2603343
28127863	1507	1537	structural brain abnormalities	T033	C1866933
28127863	1542	1570	neurological speech symptoms	T184	C1457887
28127863	1576	1593	clinical purposes	T169	C1285529
28127863	1616	1626	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28127863	1661	1676	speech symptoms	T184	C0478143
28127863	1695	1706	individuals	T098	C0237401
28127863	1712	1719	22q11DS	T047	C0012236
28127863	1768	1776	etiology	T169	C1314792
28127863	1785	1800	speech symptoms	T184	C0478143

28128305|t|Using effect size benchmarks to assess when alien impacts are actually alien
28128305|a|Alien predators have on average twice the impact on native prey populations than do native predators, and are a severe threat to wildlife globally. Manipulation experiments can be used to quantify the impact of an alien predator on its prey population /s, but unless the results are compared to benchmarks, it is unclear whether this impact is indeed greater than that of a native predator. Here we use the Australian garden skink Lampropholis delicata and alien black rat Rattus rattus to test if black rats are an additive source of predation for the skink, and to judge whether the effect size of rat - impact on the skink represents that of an alien or native predator. We used replicated experiments to exclude black rats at local and landscape scales to test how rats affect skink activity and trapping frequency. Both manipulations had positive effects on skinks, however, the population-level effect size was lower than that described for alien predators but similar to that expected for native predators. We suggest that Australian skinks may respond appropriately to predatory alien rats because they coevolved with endemic Rattus species. This adds novel insights into the varying levels of impact that alien predators have on native prey.
28128305	6	17	effect size	T081	C0814843
28128305	18	28	benchmarks	T081	C0525063
28128305	44	49	alien	T015	C0024660
28128305	71	76	alien	T015	C0024660
28128305	77	92	Alien predators	T014	C0035161
28128305	119	125	impact	T080	C4049986
28128305	136	140	prey	T015	C0024660
28128305	161	167	native	T169	C0302891
28128305	168	177	predators	T014	C0035161
28128305	196	202	threat	T078	C0749385
28128305	206	214	wildlife	T008	C0003070
28128305	225	237	Manipulation	T169	C0392747
28128305	238	249	experiments	T062	C0681814
28128305	265	273	quantify	T081	C1709793
28128305	278	284	impact	T080	C4049986
28128305	291	305	alien predator	T014	C0035161
28128305	313	317	prey	T015	C0024660
28128305	318	328	population	T098	C1257890
28128305	372	382	benchmarks	T081	C0525063
28128305	411	417	impact	T080	C4049986
28128305	451	457	native	T169	C0302891
28128305	458	466	predator	T014	C0035161
28128305	484	494	Australian	T083	C0004340
28128305	495	507	garden skink	T014	C0327229
28128305	508	529	Lampropholis delicata	T014	C1656217
28128305	534	539	alien	T015	C0024660
28128305	540	563	black rat Rattus rattus	T015	C0682511
28128305	575	585	black rats	T015	C0682511
28128305	612	621	predation	T040	C0237792
28128305	630	635	skink	T014	C0327229
28128305	662	673	effect size	T081	C0814843
28128305	677	680	rat	T015	C0682511
28128305	683	689	impact	T080	C4049986
28128305	697	702	skink	T014	C0327229
28128305	725	730	alien	T015	C0024660
28128305	734	740	native	T169	C0302891
28128305	741	749	predator	T014	C0035161
28128305	770	781	experiments	T062	C0681814
28128305	793	803	black rats	T015	C0682511
28128305	817	826	landscape	T082	C0870781
28128305	846	850	rats	T015	C0682511
28128305	858	863	skink	T014	C0327229
28128305	864	872	activity	T052	C0441655
28128305	877	885	trapping	T052	C1948035
28128305	886	895	frequency	T079	C0439603
28128305	902	915	manipulations	T169	C0392747
28128305	940	946	skinks	T014	C0327229
28128305	978	989	effect size	T081	C0814843
28128305	1024	1039	alien predators	T014	C0035161
28128305	1073	1079	native	T169	C0302891
28128305	1080	1089	predators	T014	C0035161
28128305	1107	1117	Australian	T083	C0004340
28128305	1118	1124	skinks	T014	C0327229
28128305	1154	1174	predatory alien rats	T015	C0682511
28128305	1211	1225	Rattus species	T015	C0034721
28128305	1279	1285	impact	T080	C4049986
28128305	1291	1306	alien predators	T014	C0035161
28128305	1315	1321	native	T169	C0302891
28128305	1322	1326	prey	T015	C0024660

28128333|t|ComB proteins expression levels determine Helicobacter pylori competence capacity
28128333|a|Helicobacter pylori chronically colonises half of the world's human population and is the main cause of ulcers and gastric cancers. Its prevalence and the increase in antibiotic resistance observed recently reflect the high genetic adaptability of this pathogen. Together with high mutation rates and an efficient DNA recombination system, horizontal gene transfer through natural competence makes of H. pylori one of the most genetically diverse bacteria. We show here that transformation capacity is enhanced in strains defective for recN, extending previous work with other homologous recombination genes. However, inactivation of either mutY or polA has no effect on DNA transformation, suggesting that natural competence can be boosted in H. pylori by the persistence of DNA breaks but not by enhanced mutagenesis. The transformation efficiency of the different DNA repair impaired strains correlates with the number of transforming DNA foci formed on the cell surface and with the expression of comB8 and comB10 competence genes. Overexpression of the comB6-B10 operon is sufficient to increase the transformation capacity of a wild type strain, indicating that the ComB complex, present in the bacterial wall and essential for DNA uptake, can be a limiting factor for transformation efficiency.
28128333	0	13	ComB proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28128333	14	24	expression	T045	C1171362
28128333	25	31	levels	T080	C0441889
28128333	42	61	Helicobacter pylori	T007	C0079488
28128333	62	72	competence	T080	C3179113
28128333	73	81	capacity	T081	C1516240
28128333	82	101	Helicobacter pylori	T007	C0079488
28128333	102	113	chronically	T079	C0205191
28128333	114	123	colonises	T033	C2747813
28128333	136	143	world's	T098	C2700280
28128333	144	160	human population	T081	C0032665
28128333	177	182	cause	T078	C0085978
28128333	186	192	ulcers	T047	C0041582
28128333	197	212	gastric cancers	T191	C0024623
28128333	218	228	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28128333	237	245	increase	T169	C0442805
28128333	249	270	antibiotic resistance	T032	C0949669
28128333	306	326	genetic adaptability	T038	C0392673
28128333	335	343	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28128333	364	378	mutation rates	T080	C3178846
28128333	386	395	efficient	T080	C0442799
28128333	396	420	DNA recombination system	T045	C0034865
28128333	422	446	horizontal gene transfer	T045	C0887912
28128333	447	454	through	T169	C0332273
28128333	455	462	natural	T169	C0205296
28128333	463	473	competence	T080	C3179113
28128333	483	492	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
28128333	509	520	genetically	T169	C0017399
28128333	521	528	diverse	T080	C1880371
28128333	529	537	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28128333	557	571	transformation	T045	C0040684
28128333	572	580	capacity	T081	C1516240
28128333	584	592	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28128333	596	603	strains	T001	C1518614
28128333	604	613	defective	T169	C0332452
28128333	618	622	recN	T116,T126	C1437157
28128333	659	683	homologous recombination	T045	C0599773
28128333	684	689	genes	T028	C0017337
28128333	700	712	inactivation	T045	C0598496
28128333	723	727	mutY	T028	C1417505
28128333	731	735	polA	T028	C1826642
28128333	740	749	no effect	T080	C1301751
28128333	753	771	DNA transformation	T045	C0040684
28128333	789	796	natural	T169	C0205296
28128333	797	807	competence	T080	C3179113
28128333	826	835	H. pylori	T007	C0079488
28128333	858	868	DNA breaks	T044	C1721104
28128333	873	876	not	T169	C1518422
28128333	880	888	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28128333	889	900	mutagenesis	T044	C0079866
28128333	906	920	transformation	T045	C0040684
28128333	921	931	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28128333	949	959	DNA repair	T045	C0012899
28128333	960	968	impaired	T169	C0221099
28128333	969	976	strains	T001	C1518614
28128333	1007	1019	transforming	T045	C0040684
28128333	1020	1028	DNA foci	T026	C3159064
28128333	1043	1055	cell surface	T026	C0699040
28128333	1069	1079	expression	T045	C0017262
28128333	1083	1088	comB8	T028	C0017337
28128333	1093	1099	comB10	T028	C0017337
28128333	1100	1110	competence	T080	C3179113
28128333	1111	1116	genes	T028	C0017337
28128333	1118	1132	Overexpression	T045	C1514559
28128333	1140	1156	comB6-B10 operon	T028	C0029073
28128333	1160	1170	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28128333	1174	1182	increase	T169	C0442805
28128333	1187	1201	transformation	T045	C0040684
28128333	1202	1210	capacity	T081	C1516240
28128333	1216	1225	wild type	T028	C1883559
28128333	1226	1232	strain	T001	C1518614
28128333	1254	1266	ComB complex	T116,T123	C1180347
28128333	1283	1297	bacterial wall	T026	C0007623
28128333	1302	1311	essential	T080	C0205224
28128333	1316	1326	DNA uptake	T043	C1158477
28128333	1337	1345	limiting	T169	C0439801
28128333	1346	1352	factor	T169	C1521761
28128333	1357	1371	transformation	T045	C0040684
28128333	1372	1382	efficiency	T081	C0013682

28128937|t|Sulfur and Zinc Availability from Co-granulated Zn -Enriched Elemental Sulfur Fertilizers
28128937|a|Acidification by oxidation of elemental sulfur (ES) can solubilize ZnO, providing slow release of both sulfur (S) and zinc (Zn) in soil. For this study, a new granular fertilizer with ES and ZnO was produced and evaluated. The effect of incorporating microorganisms or a carbon source in the granule was also evaluated. Four granulated ES-Zn fertilizers with and without S-oxidizing microorganisms, a commercial ES pastille, ZnSO4, and ZnO were applied to the center of Petri dishes containing two contrasting pH soils. Soil pH, CaCl2 -extractable S and Zn, and remaining ES were evaluated at 30 and 60 days in two soil sections (0-5 and 5-9 mm from the fertilizer application site). A visualization test was performed to evaluate Zn diffusion over time. A significant pH decrease was observed in the acidic soil for all ES-Zn fertilizer treatments and in the alkaline soil for the Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans - inoculated treatment only. In agreement with Zn visualization tests, extractable- Zn concentrations were higher from the point of application in the acidic (62.9 mg dm(-3)) compared to the alkaline soil (5.5 mg dm(-3)). Elemental S oxidation was greater in the acidic soil (20.9%) than slightly alkaline soil (12%). The ES-Zn granular fertilizers increased S and Zn concentrations in soil and can provide a strategically slow release of nutrients to the soil.
28128937	0	6	Sulfur	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28128937	11	15	Zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28128937	16	28	Availability	T169	C0470187
28128937	34	47	Co-granulated	T167	C3853628
28128937	48	50	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28128937	61	77	Elemental Sulfur	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28128937	78	89	Fertilizers	T073,T131	C0015919
28128937	90	103	Acidification	T067	C2987513
28128937	107	116	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28128937	120	136	elemental sulfur	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28128937	138	140	ES	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28128937	157	160	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28128937	172	176	slow	T080	C0439834
28128937	177	184	release	T169	C1283071
28128937	193	199	sulfur	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28128937	201	202	S	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28128937	208	212	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28128937	214	216	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28128937	249	257	granular	T167	C3853628
28128937	258	268	fertilizer	T073,T131	C0015919
28128937	274	276	ES	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28128937	281	284	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28128937	302	311	evaluated	T052	C1516048
28128937	317	323	effect	T080	C1280500
28128937	341	355	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28128937	361	367	carbon	T196	C0007009
28128937	368	374	source	T033	C0449416
28128937	382	389	granule	T167	C3853628
28128937	399	408	evaluated	T052	C1516048
28128937	415	425	granulated	T167	C3853628
28128937	426	443	ES-Zn fertilizers	T167	C1289929
28128937	453	460	without	T080	C0332288
28128937	461	487	S-oxidizing microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28128937	515	520	ZnSO4	T121,T197	C0078794
28128937	526	529	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28128937	550	556	center	T082	C0205099
28128937	560	572	Petri dishes	T074	C1322960
28128937	588	599	contrasting	T080	C1979874
28128937	600	602	pH	T081	C0020283
28128937	603	608	soils	T167	C0037592
28128937	610	614	Soil	T167	C0037592
28128937	615	617	pH	T081	C0020283
28128937	619	624	CaCl2	T121,T197	C0006686
28128937	638	639	S	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28128937	644	646	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28128937	662	664	ES	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28128937	670	679	evaluated	T052	C1516048
28128937	705	718	soil sections	T167	C0037592
28128937	744	754	fertilizer	T073,T131	C0015919
28128937	755	771	application site	T082	C0205145
28128937	776	794	visualization test	T059	C0022885
28128937	821	823	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28128937	824	833	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28128937	847	858	significant	T078	C0750502
28128937	859	870	pH decrease	T033	C0728725
28128937	875	883	observed	T169	C1441672
28128937	891	897	acidic	T103	C0001128
28128937	898	902	soil	T167	C0037592
28128937	911	927	ES-Zn fertilizer	T167	C1289929
28128937	928	938	treatments	T169	C1522326
28128937	950	958	alkaline	T080	C1979842
28128937	959	963	soil	T167	C0037592
28128937	972	1001	Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans	T007	C0039878
28128937	1004	1024	inoculated treatment	T034	C0427946
28128937	1049	1051	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28128937	1052	1071	visualization tests	T059	C0022885
28128937	1086	1088	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28128937	1089	1103	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28128937	1109	1115	higher	T080	C0205250
28128937	1153	1159	acidic	T103	C0001128
28128937	1193	1201	alkaline	T080	C1979842
28128937	1202	1206	soil	T167	C0037592
28128937	1224	1245	Elemental S oxidation	T044	C1159425
28128937	1250	1257	greater	T081	C1704243
28128937	1265	1271	acidic	T103	C0001128
28128937	1272	1276	soil	T167	C0037592
28128937	1299	1307	alkaline	T080	C1979842
28128937	1308	1312	soil	T167	C0037592
28128937	1324	1350	ES-Zn granular fertilizers	T167	C1289929
28128937	1351	1360	increased	T081	C0205217
28128937	1361	1362	S	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28128937	1367	1369	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28128937	1370	1384	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28128937	1388	1392	soil	T167	C0037592
28128937	1425	1429	slow	T080	C0439834
28128937	1430	1437	release	T169	C1283071
28128937	1441	1450	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28128937	1458	1462	soil	T167	C0037592

28128970|t|Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report. GOLD Executive Summary
28128970|a|This Executive Summary of the Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 report focuses primarily on the revised and novel parts of the document. The most significant changes include: (1) the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been refined to separate the spirometric assessment from symptom evaluation. ABCD groups are now proposed to be derived exclusively from patient symptoms and their history of exacerbations; (2) for each of the groups A to D, escalation strategies for pharmacologic treatments are proposed; (3) the concept of deescalation of therapy is introduced in the treatment assessment scheme; (4) nonpharmacologic therapies are comprehensively presented; and (5) the importance of comorbid conditions in managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is reviewed.
28128970	0	15	Global Strategy	T062	C0035171
28128970	24	33	Diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28128970	35	45	Management	T058	C0376636
28128970	51	61	Prevention	T062	C1706420
28128970	65	97	Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease	T047	C0024117
28128970	111	133	GOLD Executive Summary	T170	C0282574
28128970	139	156	Executive Summary	T170	C0282574
28128970	164	179	Global Strategy	T062	C0035171
28128970	188	197	Diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28128970	199	209	Management	T058	C0376636
28128970	215	225	Prevention	T062	C1706420
28128970	229	233	COPD	T047	C0024117
28128970	235	289	Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease	T170	C0282574
28128970	291	295	GOLD	T170	C0282574
28128970	302	308	report	T170	C0684224
28128970	334	341	revised	T061	C1527075
28128970	365	373	document	T170	C1301746
28128970	396	403	changes	T169	C0392747
28128970	421	431	assessment	T058	C0220825
28128970	435	472	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
28128970	493	501	separate	T080	C0443299
28128970	506	528	spirometric assessment	T060	C0037981
28128970	534	552	symptom evaluation	T058	C3494438
28128970	554	565	ABCD groups	T098	C1257890
28128970	589	596	derived	T080	C1441547
28128970	614	630	patient symptoms	T033	C1317600
28128970	641	651	history of	T033	C0332119
28128970	652	665	exacerbations	T033	C4086268
28128970	687	693	groups	T098	C1257890
28128970	702	712	escalation	T052	C4086266
28128970	713	723	strategies	T062	C0035171
28128970	728	741	pharmacologic	T169	C0205464
28128970	742	752	treatments	T061	C0087111
28128970	757	765	proposed	T080	C1553874
28128970	775	782	concept	T078	C0178566
28128970	786	798	deescalation	T061	C3651014
28128970	802	809	therapy	T061	C0087111
28128970	831	840	treatment	T061	C0087111
28128970	841	851	assessment	T058	C0220825
28128970	852	858	scheme	T170	C1519193
28128970	864	890	nonpharmacologic therapies	UnknownType	C0548233
28128970	911	920	presented	T078	C0449450
28128970	948	967	comorbid conditions	T033	C1275743
28128970	971	979	managing	T058	C0184516
28128970	980	1017	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
28128970	1021	1029	reviewed	T080	C1709940

28129043|t|Directing traffic on DNA -How transcription factors relieve or induce transcriptional interference
28129043|a|Transcriptional interference (TI) is increasingly recognized as a widespread mechanism of gene control, particularly given the pervasive nature of transcription, both sense and antisense, across all kingdoms of life. Here, we discuss how transcription factor binding kinetics strongly influence the ability of a transcription factor to relieve or induce TI.
28129043	0	24	Directing traffic on DNA	T045	C0314627
28129043	30	51	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
28129043	52	59	relieve	T169	C1301676
28129043	63	69	induce	T169	C0205263
28129043	70	98	transcriptional interference	T045	C0598496
28129043	99	127	Transcriptional interference	T045	C0598496
28129043	129	131	TI	T045	C0598496
28129043	165	175	widespread	T082	C0205391
28129043	189	201	gene control	T045	C0017263
28129043	226	242	pervasive nature	T081	C0220900
28129043	246	259	transcription	T045	C0040649
28129043	266	271	sense	T169	C1883001
28129043	276	285	antisense	T114,T123,T130	C0079249
28129043	298	306	kingdoms	T185	C1708611
28129043	337	357	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28129043	358	374	binding kinetics	T090	C0598135
28129043	384	393	influence	T077	C4054723
28129043	398	405	ability	T032	C0085732
28129043	411	431	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28129043	435	442	relieve	T169	C1301676
28129043	446	452	induce	T169	C0205263
28129043	453	455	TI	T045	C0598496

28129238|t|Impact of Blood Transfusions on Survival of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Radical Surgery
28129238|a|Transfusions represent one of the main progresses of modern medicine. However, accumulating evidence supports that transfusions correlate with worse survival outcomes in patients affected by solid cancers. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of perioperative blood transfusion in locally advanced cervical cancer. Data of consecutive patients affected by locally advanced cervical cancer scheduled to undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radical surgery were retrospectively searched to test the impact of perioperative transfusions on survival outcomes. Five- year survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models. The study included 275 patients. Overall, 170 (62%) patients had blood transfusion. Via univariate analysis, we observed that transfusion correlated with an increased risk of developing recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-4.40; P = 0.02). Other factors associated with 5- year disease-free survival were noncomplete clinical response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (HR, 2.99; 95% CI, 0.92-9.63; P = 0.06) and pathological (P = 0.03) response at neoadjuvant chemotherapy as well as parametrial (P = 0.004), vaginal (P < 0.001), and lymph node (P = 0.002) involvements. However, via multivariate analysis, only vaginal (HR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.20-7.85; P = 0.01) and lymph node involvements (HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.00-6.06; P = 0.05) correlate with worse disease-free survival. No association with worse outcomes was observed for patients undergoing blood transfusion (HR, 2.71; 95% CI, 0.91-8.03; P = 0.07). Looking at factors influencing overall survival, we observed that lymph node status (P = 0.01) and vaginal involvement (P = 0.06) were independently associated with survival. The role of blood transfusions in increasing the risk of developing recurrence in LAAC patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus radical surgery remains unclear; further prospective studies are warranted.
28129238	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
28129238	10	28	Blood Transfusions	T061	C0005841
28129238	32	40	Survival	T052	C0038952
28129238	44	51	Locally	T082	C1517927
28129238	52	60	Advanced	T080	C0205179
28129238	61	76	Cervical Cancer	T191	C4048328
28129238	77	85	Patients	T101	C0030705
28129238	97	121	Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
28129238	127	142	Radical Surgery	T061	C0543467
28129238	143	155	Transfusions	T061	C0005841
28129238	182	192	progresses	T169	C1272688
28129238	196	211	modern medicine	T079	C0242324
28129238	235	243	evidence	T078	C3887511
28129238	258	270	transfusions	T061	C0005841
28129238	292	300	survival	T052	C0038952
28129238	301	309	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28129238	313	321	patients	T101	C0030705
28129238	322	330	affected	T169	C0392760
28129238	334	347	solid cancers	T191	C0006826
28129238	364	369	study	T062	C0008972
28129238	374	379	aimed	T078	C1947946
28129238	383	394	investigate	T169	C1292732
28129238	410	423	perioperative	T079	C1518988
28129238	424	441	blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28129238	445	452	locally	T082	C1517927
28129238	453	461	advanced	T080	C0205179
28129238	462	477	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28129238	499	507	patients	T101	C0030705
28129238	508	516	affected	T169	C0392760
28129238	520	527	locally	T082	C1517927
28129238	528	536	advanced	T080	C0205179
28129238	537	552	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28129238	574	598	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
28129238	604	619	radical surgery	T061	C0543467
28129238	625	640	retrospectively	T062	C0035363
28129238	641	649	searched	T052	C1706202
28129238	653	657	test	T169	C0039593
28129238	662	668	impact	T080	C4049986
28129238	672	685	perioperative	T079	C1518988
28129238	686	698	transfusions	T061	C0005841
28129238	702	710	survival	T052	C0038952
28129238	711	719	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28129238	727	731	year	T079	C0439234
28129238	732	740	survival	T052	C0038952
28129238	741	749	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28129238	771	783	Kaplan-Meier	T062	C2827659
28129238	788	798	Cox models	T081,T170	C0010234
28129238	804	809	study	T062	C0008972
28129238	823	831	patients	T101	C0030705
28129238	852	860	patients	T101	C0030705
28129238	865	882	blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28129238	888	907	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28129238	912	920	observed	T169	C1441672
28129238	926	937	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28129238	967	971	risk	T078	C0035647
28129238	975	985	developing	T169	C0332253
28129238	986	996	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28129238	998	1010	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28129238	1012	1014	HR	T081	C2985465
28129238	1026	1045	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28129238	1047	1049	CI	T081	C0009667
28129238	1063	1064	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1107	1111	year	T079	C0439234
28129238	1112	1133	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
28129238	1139	1150	noncomplete	T033	C3272974
28129238	1151	1168	clinical response	T033	C4055223
28129238	1175	1199	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
28129238	1201	1203	HR	T081	C2985465
28129238	1215	1217	CI	T081	C0009667
28129238	1230	1231	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1244	1256	pathological	T033	C4050242
28129238	1258	1259	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1268	1276	response	T033	C4050242
28129238	1280	1304	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
28129238	1316	1327	parametrial	T029	C1518890
28129238	1329	1330	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1341	1348	vaginal	T023	C0042232
28129238	1350	1351	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1366	1376	lymph node	T023	C0024204
28129238	1378	1379	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1416	1437	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28129238	1444	1451	vaginal	T023	C0042232
28129238	1453	1455	HR	T081	C2985465
28129238	1467	1469	CI	T081	C0009667
28129238	1482	1483	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1496	1506	lymph node	T023	C0024204
28129238	1521	1523	HR	T081	C2985465
28129238	1534	1536	CI	T081	C0009667
28129238	1549	1550	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1549	1550	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1580	1601	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
28129238	1629	1637	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28129238	1642	1650	observed	T169	C1441672
28129238	1655	1663	patients	T101	C0030705
28129238	1675	1692	blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28129238	1694	1696	HR	T081	C2985465
28129238	1708	1710	CI	T081	C0009667
28129238	1723	1724	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1765	1781	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28129238	1786	1794	observed	T169	C1441672
28129238	1800	1810	lymph node	T023	C0024204
28129238	1819	1820	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1833	1840	vaginal	T023	C0042232
28129238	1854	1855	P	T081	C0033204
28129238	1899	1907	survival	T052	C0038952
28129238	1921	1939	blood transfusions	T061	C0005841
28129238	1958	1962	risk	T078	C0035647
28129238	1966	1976	developing	T169	C0332253
28129238	1977	1987	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28129238	1991	1995	LAAC	T191	C4048328
28129238	1996	2004	patients	T101	C0030705
28129238	2005	2012	treated	T061	C0332293
28129238	2016	2040	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
28129238	2046	2061	radical surgery	T061	C0543467
28129238	2070	2077	unclear	T033	C3845108
28129238	2087	2106	prospective studies	T062	C0033522

28129335|t|Reduction of Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity by Lactobacillus plantarum C88: A Potential Probiotic Strain Isolated from Chinese Traditional Fermented Food " Tofu "
28129335|a|In this study, we investigated the potential of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from Chinese traditional fermented foods to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and its subsequent detoxification mechanism. Among all the investigated L. plantarum strains, L. plantarum C88 showed the strongest AFB1 binding capacity in vitro, and was orally administered to mice with liver oxidative damage induced by AFB1. In the therapy groups, the mice that received L. plantarum C88, especially heat-killed L. plantarum C88, after a single dose of AFB1 exposure, showed an increase in unabsorbed AFB1 in the feces. Moreover, the effects of L. plantarum C88 on the enzymes and non - enzymes antioxidant abilities in serum and liver, histological alterations of liver were assayed. The results indicated that compared to the control group, L. plantarum C88 alone administration induced significant increase of antioxidant capacity, but did not induce any significant changes in the histological picture. Compared to the mice that received AFB1 only, L. plantarum C88 treatment could weaken oxidative stress by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and elevating the expression of Glutathione S-transferase (GST) A3 through Nuclear factor erythroid (derived factor 2) related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Furthermore, cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) 1A2 and CYP 3A4 expression was inhibited by L. plantarum C88, and urinary aflatoxin B1-N7-guanine (AFB-N7-guanine), a AFB1 metabolite formed by CYP 1A2 and CYP 3A4, was significantly reduced by the presence of viable L. plantarum C88. Meanwhile, the significant improvements were showed in histological pictures of the liver tissues in mice orally administered with viable L. plantarum C88. Collectively, L. plantarum C88 may alleviate AFB1 toxicity by increasing fecal AFB1 excretion, reversing deficits in antioxidant defense systems and regulating the metabolism of AFB1.
28129335	0	9	Reduction	T061	C0441610
28129335	13	25	Aflatoxin B1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	26	34	Toxicity	T037	C0600688
28129335	38	65	Lactobacillus plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	79	95	Probiotic Strain	T007	C0525033
28129335	110	117	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28129335	130	144	Fermented Food	T168	C1827145
28129335	147	151	Tofu	T168	C0453233
28129335	162	167	study	T062	C2603343
28129335	202	225	Lactobacillus plantarum	T007	C0317608
28129335	240	247	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28129335	260	275	fermented foods	T168	C1827145
28129335	290	298	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28129335	302	314	aflatoxin B1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	316	320	AFB1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	342	356	detoxification	T061	C0150543
28129335	395	407	L. plantarum	T007	C0317608
28129335	408	415	strains	T001	C1518614
28129335	417	433	L. plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	455	459	AFB1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	460	476	binding capacity	T081	C0439155
28129335	477	485	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28129335	495	514	orally administered	T061	C0001563
28129335	518	522	mice	T015	C0026809
28129335	528	550	liver oxidative damage	T046	C0151763
28129335	562	566	AFB1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	575	589	therapy groups	T061	C1527374
28129335	595	599	mice	T015	C0026809
28129335	614	630	L. plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	655	671	L. plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	696	700	AFB1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	744	748	AFB1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	756	761	feces	T031	C0015733
28129335	788	804	L. plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	812	819	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28129335	824	827	non	T033	C1513916
28129335	830	837	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28129335	838	849	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28129335	863	868	serum	T031	C0229671
28129335	873	878	liver	T023	C0023884
28129335	908	913	liver	T023	C0023884
28129335	971	984	control group	T096	C0009932
28129335	986	1002	L. plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	1009	1023	administration	T061	C1533734
28129335	1056	1067	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28129335	1068	1076	capacity	T081	C1516240
28129335	1166	1170	mice	T015	C0026809
28129335	1185	1189	AFB1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	1196	1212	L. plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	1213	1222	treatment	T061	C0087111
28129335	1236	1252	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28129335	1282	1293	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28129335	1294	1301	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28129335	1320	1330	expression	T045	C1171362
28129335	1334	1368	Glutathione S-transferase (GST) A3	T116,T126	C0017830
28129335	1377	1437	Nuclear factor erythroid (derived factor 2) related factor 2	T116,T123	C0289507
28129335	1439	1443	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28129335	1467	1496	cytochrome P450 (CYP 450) 1A2	T116,T126	C0207509
28129335	1501	1508	CYP 3A4	T116,T126	C0059563
28129335	1509	1519	expression	T045	C1171362
28129335	1537	1553	L. plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	1567	1590	aflatoxin B1-N7-guanine	T114,T131	C1744114
28129335	1592	1606	AFB-N7-guanine	T114,T131	C1744114
28129335	1611	1615	AFB1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	1637	1644	CYP 1A2	T116,T126	C0207509
28129335	1649	1656	CYP 3A4	T116,T126	C0059563
28129335	1710	1726	L. plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	1812	1825	liver tissues	T023	C0736268
28129335	1829	1833	mice	T015	C0026809
28129335	1834	1853	orally administered	T061	C0001563
28129335	1866	1882	L. plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	1898	1914	L. plantarum C88	T007	C0317608
28129335	1929	1933	AFB1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	1934	1942	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28129335	1963	1967	AFB1	T109,T131	C0085180
28129335	2001	2012	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28129335	2013	2028	defense systems	T040	C1154988
28129335	2048	2058	metabolism	T169	C0025520
28129335	2062	2066	AFB1	T109,T131	C0085180

28129375|t|Mammary Gland Pathology Subsequent to Acute Infection with Strong versus Weak Biofilm Forming Staphylococcus aureus Bovine Mastitis Isolates: A Pilot Study Using Non-Invasive Mouse Mastitis Model
28129375|a|Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus is an important virulence attribute because of its potential to induce persistent antibiotic resistance, retard phagocytosis and either attenuate or promote inflammation, depending upon the disease syndrome, in vivo. This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential significance of strength of biofilm formation by clinical bovine mastitis -associated S. aureus in mammary tissue damage by using a mouse mastitis model. Two S. aureus strains of the same capsular phenotype with different biofilm forming strengths were used to non-invasively infect mammary glands of lactating mice. Biofilm forming potential of these strains were determined by tissue culture plate method, ica typing and virulence gene profile per detection by PCR. Delivery of the infectious dose of S. aureus was directly through the teat lactiferous duct without invasive scraping of the teat surface. Both bacteriological and histological methods were used for analysis of mammary gland pathology of mice post - infection. Histopathological analysis of the infected mammary glands revealed that mice inoculated with the strong biofilm forming S. aureus strain produced marked acute mastitic lesions, showing profuse infiltration predominantly with neutrophils, with evidence of necrosis in the affected mammary glands. In contrast, the damage was significantly less severe in mammary glands of mice infected with the weak biofilm-forming S. aureus strain. Although both IL-1β and TNF-α inflammatory biomarkers were produced in infected mice, level of TNF-α produced was significantly higher (p<0.05) in mice inoculated with strong biofilm forming S. aureus than the weak biofilm forming strain. This finding suggests an important role of TNF-α in mammary gland pathology post - infection with strong biofilm-forming S. aureus in the acute mouse mastitis model, and offers an opportunity for the development of novel strategies for reduction of mammary tissue damage, with or without use of antimicrobials and/or anti-inflammatory compounds for the treatment of bovine mastitis.
28129375	0	13	Mammary Gland	T023	C0929301
28129375	38	53	Acute Infection	T047	C0275518
28129375	59	65	Strong	T080	C0442821
28129375	73	77	Weak	T080	C1762617
28129375	78	93	Biofilm Forming	T043	C1325881
28129375	94	115	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28129375	116	131	Bovine Mastitis	T047	C0024895
28129375	132	140	Isolates	T123	C1764827
28129375	144	155	Pilot Study	T062	C0031928
28129375	162	174	Non-Invasive	T169	C0205303
28129375	175	189	Mouse Mastitis	T047	C1522044
28129375	190	195	Model	T050	C0012644
28129375	196	213	Biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28129375	217	238	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28129375	255	264	virulence	T038	C0042765
28129375	303	309	induce	T169	C0205263
28129375	310	342	persistent antibiotic resistance	T032	C0949285
28129375	351	363	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28129375	375	384	attenuate	T052	C0599946
28129375	388	395	promote	T052	C0033414
28129375	396	408	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28129375	429	445	disease syndrome	T047	C0012634
28129375	447	454	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28129375	536	553	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28129375	557	565	clinical	T080	C0205210
28129375	566	581	bovine mastitis	T047	C0024895
28129375	594	603	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28129375	607	614	mammary	T023	C0006141
28129375	615	628	tissue damage	T037	C0010957
28129375	640	654	mouse mastitis	T047	C1522044
28129375	655	660	model	T050	C0012644
28129375	666	675	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28129375	676	683	strains	T001	C1518614
28129375	696	704	capsular	T082	C0205151
28129375	705	714	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28129375	730	745	biofilm forming	T043	C1325881
28129375	746	755	strengths	T078	C0808080
28129375	769	783	non-invasively	T169	C0205303
28129375	791	805	mammary glands	T023	C0929301
28129375	809	818	lactating	T033	C2828358
28129375	819	823	mice	T015	C1522424
28129375	825	840	Biofilm forming	T043	C1325881
28129375	841	850	potential	T080	C3245505
28129375	860	867	strains	T001	C1518614
28129375	887	914	tissue culture plate method	T059	C0040284
28129375	931	940	virulence	T038	C0042765
28129375	971	974	PCR	T063	C0032520
28129375	992	1007	infectious dose	T081	C1881203
28129375	1011	1020	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28129375	1046	1050	teat	T023	C0222632
28129375	1051	1067	lactiferous duct	T023	C0222613
28129375	1076	1084	invasive	T080	C0205281
28129375	1085	1113	scraping of the teat surface	T061	C0405377
28129375	1120	1135	bacteriological	T059	C0004642
28129375	1140	1160	histological methods	T059	C0019637
28129375	1175	1183	analysis	T062	C0936012
28129375	1187	1200	mammary gland	T023	C0929301
28129375	1201	1210	pathology	T169	C0205469
28129375	1214	1218	mice	T015	C1522424
28129375	1219	1223	post	T079	C0687676
28129375	1226	1235	infection	T046	C3714514
28129375	1237	1254	Histopathological	T169	C0243140
28129375	1255	1263	analysis	T062	C0936012
28129375	1271	1279	infected	T033	C0439663
28129375	1280	1294	mammary glands	T023	C0929301
28129375	1309	1313	mice	T015	C1522424
28129375	1314	1324	inoculated	T061	C2987620
28129375	1334	1340	strong	T080	C0442821
28129375	1341	1356	biofilm forming	T043	C1325881
28129375	1357	1366	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28129375	1367	1373	strain	T001	C1518614
28129375	1390	1404	acute mastitic	T047	C0149613
28129375	1405	1412	lesions	T033	C0221198
28129375	1430	1442	infiltration	T046	C0332448
28129375	1462	1473	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28129375	1492	1500	necrosis	T042	C0027540
28129375	1517	1531	mammary glands	T023	C0929301
28129375	1550	1556	damage	T037	C0010957
28129375	1590	1604	mammary glands	T023	C0929301
28129375	1608	1612	mice	T015	C1522424
28129375	1613	1621	infected	T033	C0439663
28129375	1631	1635	weak	T080	C1762617
28129375	1636	1651	biofilm-forming	T043	C1325881
28129375	1652	1661	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28129375	1662	1668	strain	T001	C1518614
28129375	1684	1689	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28129375	1694	1699	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28129375	1700	1712	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28129375	1713	1723	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28129375	1741	1749	infected	T033	C0439663
28129375	1750	1754	mice	T015	C1522424
28129375	1765	1770	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28129375	1817	1821	mice	T015	C1522424
28129375	1822	1832	inoculated	T061	C2987620
28129375	1838	1844	strong	T080	C0442821
28129375	1845	1860	biofilm forming	T043	C1325881
28129375	1861	1870	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28129375	1880	1884	weak	T080	C1762617
28129375	1885	1900	biofilm forming	T043	C1325881
28129375	1901	1907	strain	T001	C1518614
28129375	1914	1921	finding	T033	C0243095
28129375	1952	1957	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28129375	1961	1974	mammary gland	T023	C0929301
28129375	1975	1984	pathology	T169	C0205469
28129375	1985	1989	post	T079	C0687676
28129375	1992	2001	infection	T046	C3714514
28129375	2007	2013	strong	T080	C0442821
28129375	2014	2029	biofilm-forming	T043	C1325881
28129375	2030	2039	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28129375	2047	2067	acute mouse mastitis	T047	C0149613
28129375	2068	2073	model	T050	C0012644
28129375	2145	2154	reduction	T061	C0441610
28129375	2158	2165	mammary	T023	C0006141
28129375	2166	2179	tissue damage	T037	C0010957
28129375	2204	2218	antimicrobials	T121	C1136254
28129375	2226	2253	anti-inflammatory compounds	T121	C0003209
28129375	2262	2271	treatment	T061	C0087111
28129375	2275	2290	bovine mastitis	T047	C0024895

28130086|t|The opioid antagonist, β-funaltrexamine, inhibits lipopolysaccharide -induced neuroinflammation and reduces sickness behavior in mice
28130086|a|Brain pathologies such as neurodegenerative diseases, infection, traumatic brain injury, and mood disorders produce enormous personal and economic burdens. It is well established that neuroinflammation plays an important role in the etiology and/or manifestation of such disorders. Previously, we discovered that beta-funaltrexamine (β-FNA) inhibits inflammatory signaling in human astrocytes in vitro, resulting in reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines / chemokines. The present study examines the effects of peripherally administered β-FNA on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation and sickness behavior in vivo. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were administered β-FNA and were then immediately administered bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At 24h post-injections, sickness behavior was assessed in an open-field test. Following behavioral analysis plasma and brains were collected. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interferon-γ inducible protein-10 (CXCL10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). At 24h post- LPS injection, IL-6, CCL2 and CXCL10 were increased in the plasma, whereas, only CCL2 and CXCL10 were elevated in the brain. β-FNA significantly inhibited LPS -induced CXCL10 and CCL2 expression in brain, but minimally or not at all in the plasma. LPS -induced sickness behavior, as indicated by a reduction in distance moved, was prevented by β-FNA. Overall, CXCL10 expression in the brain was most positively and significantly correlated with sickness behavior; whereas, anxiety -like behavior was most positively and significantly correlated with IL-6 and CCL2 levels in the plasma and levels of CXCL10 and CCL2 in the brain. The reduction in sickness behavior may be in part due to decreased chemokine expression in the brain; further examination of the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of β-FNA is warranted.
28130086	4	21	opioid antagonist	T121	C0027410
28130086	23	39	β-funaltrexamine	T109,T121	C0053433
28130086	50	68	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28130086	78	95	neuroinflammation	T046	C1408627
28130086	108	125	sickness behavior	T053	C2350572
28130086	129	133	mice	T015	C1521751
28130086	134	151	Brain pathologies	T046	C0006119
28130086	160	186	neurodegenerative diseases	T047	C0524851
28130086	188	197	infection	T046	C3714514
28130086	199	221	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
28130086	227	241	mood disorders	T048	C0525045
28130086	259	267	personal	T032	C1519021
28130086	272	288	economic burdens	T081	C1512163
28130086	318	335	neuroinflammation	T046	C1408627
28130086	367	375	etiology	T169	C1314792
28130086	383	399	manifestation of	T080	C1280464
28130086	405	414	disorders	T047	C0012634
28130086	447	466	beta-funaltrexamine	T109,T121	C0053433
28130086	468	473	β-FNA	T109,T121	C0053433
28130086	484	496	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28130086	497	506	signaling	T044	C0037080
28130086	510	515	human	T016	C0086418
28130086	516	526	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28130086	527	535	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28130086	558	568	expression	T045	C1171362
28130086	572	587	proinflammatory	T169	C0333348
28130086	588	597	cytokines	T043	C0010813
28130086	600	610	chemokines	T116,T129	C0282554
28130086	654	666	peripherally	T082	C0205100
28130086	667	679	administered	T061	C1533734
28130086	680	685	β-FNA	T109,T121	C0053433
28130086	689	707	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28130086	709	712	LPS	T109	C0023810
28130086	722	739	neuroinflammation	T046	C1408627
28130086	744	761	sickness behavior	T053	C2350572
28130086	782	795	C57BL/6J mice	T015	C1521751
28130086	814	819	β-FNA	T109,T121	C0053433
28130086	846	858	administered	T061	C1533734
28130086	859	868	bacterial	T080	C0521009
28130086	869	887	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28130086	889	892	LPS	T109	C0023810
28130086	919	936	sickness behavior	T053	C2350572
28130086	956	971	open-field test	T055	C0237760
28130086	983	1002	behavioral analysis	T058	C1160858
28130086	1003	1009	plasma	T031	C0032105
28130086	1014	1020	brains	T023	C0006104
28130086	1047	1060	interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28130086	1062	1066	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28130086	1069	1102	interferon-γ inducible protein-10	T116,T123	C1313708
28130086	1104	1110	CXCL10	T116,T123	C1313708
28130086	1117	1151	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1	T116,T129	C1452296
28130086	1153	1157	CCL2	T116,T129	C1452296
28130086	1178	1211	enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay	T059	C0014441
28130086	1213	1218	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28130086	1234	1237	LPS	T109	C0023810
28130086	1249	1253	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28130086	1255	1259	CCL2	T116,T129	C1452296
28130086	1264	1270	CXCL10	T116,T123	C1313708
28130086	1293	1299	plasma	T031	C0032105
28130086	1315	1319	CCL2	T116,T129	C1452296
28130086	1324	1330	CXCL10	T116,T123	C1313708
28130086	1352	1357	brain	T023	C0006104
28130086	1359	1364	β-FNA	T109,T121	C0053433
28130086	1389	1392	LPS	T109	C0023810
28130086	1402	1408	CXCL10	T116,T123	C1313708
28130086	1413	1417	CCL2	T116,T129	C1452296
28130086	1418	1428	expression	T045	C1171362
28130086	1432	1437	brain	T023	C0006104
28130086	1474	1480	plasma	T031	C0032105
28130086	1482	1485	LPS	T109	C0023810
28130086	1495	1512	sickness behavior	T053	C2350572
28130086	1545	1553	distance	T081	C0012751
28130086	1554	1559	moved	T040	C0560560
28130086	1578	1583	β-FNA	T109,T121	C0053433
28130086	1594	1600	CXCL10	T116,T123	C1313708
28130086	1601	1611	expression	T045	C1171362
28130086	1619	1624	brain	T023	C0006104
28130086	1679	1696	sickness behavior	T053	C2350572
28130086	1707	1714	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28130086	1721	1729	behavior	T053	C0004927
28130086	1784	1788	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28130086	1793	1797	CCL2	T116,T129	C1452296
28130086	1812	1818	plasma	T031	C0032105
28130086	1833	1839	CXCL10	T116,T123	C1313708
28130086	1844	1848	CCL2	T116,T129	C1452296
28130086	1856	1861	brain	T023	C0006104
28130086	1880	1897	sickness behavior	T053	C2350572
28130086	1930	1939	chemokine	T116,T129	C0282554
28130086	1940	1950	expression	T045	C1171362
28130086	1958	1963	brain	T023	C0006104
28130086	1992	2009	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
28130086	2014	2037	neuroprotective effects	T169	C0815279
28130086	2041	2046	β-FNA	T109,T121	C0053433

28130212|t|A phase 2 trial of pomalidomide and dexamethasone rescue treatment in patients with AL amyloidosis
28130212|a|Immunomodulatory drugs are active agents in light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. However, previous studies could not show a survival advantage for patients with AL amyloidosis responding to salvage treatment with pomalidomide. In this phase 2 trial, we assessed the safety and efficacy of pomalidomide and dexamethasone (PDex) in patients with AL amyloidosis who were previously exposed to bortezomib, alkylators, and other immunomodulatory drugs. Twenty-eight patients were enrolled. Three patients received pomalidomide 2 mg/d with no dose-limiting toxicity. The remaining patients received 4 mg/d. Pomalidomide was administered continuously and dexamethasone was given once per week at a dose of 20 or 40 mg. Fifteen patients experienced grade 3 to 4 adverse events; the most common were fluid retention and infection. Hematologic response was observed in 68% of patients (very good partial response or complete response in 29%), as well as improved survival. Median time to response was 1 month. PDex is a rapidly active regimen and improves survival in responding, heavily pretreated patients with AL amyloidosis. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01510613.
28130212	2	15	phase 2 trial	T062	C0282460
28130212	19	31	pomalidomide	T109,T121	C2347624
28130212	36	49	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28130212	50	56	rescue	T057	C0242857
28130212	57	66	treatment	T169	C1522326
28130212	70	78	patients	T101	C0030705
28130212	84	98	AL amyloidosis	T047	C0268381
28130212	99	115	Immunomodulatory	T121,T129	C1527392
28130212	116	121	drugs	T121	C1254351
28130212	126	132	active	T169	C0205177
28130212	133	139	agents	T120	C0450442
28130212	143	171	light-chain (AL) amyloidosis	T047	C0342606
28130212	191	198	studies	T062	C2603343
28130212	216	224	survival	T169	C0220921
28130212	239	247	patients	T101	C0030705
28130212	253	267	AL amyloidosis	T047	C0268381
28130212	268	278	responding	T033	C1704632
28130212	282	299	salvage treatment	T061	C0085405
28130212	305	317	pomalidomide	T109,T121	C2347624
28130212	327	340	phase 2 trial	T062	C0282460
28130212	358	364	safety	T068	C0036043
28130212	369	377	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28130212	381	393	pomalidomide	T109,T121	C2347624
28130212	398	411	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28130212	413	417	PDex	T109,T121	C0011777
28130212	422	430	patients	T101	C0030705
28130212	436	450	AL amyloidosis	T047	C0268381
28130212	471	478	exposed	T080	C0332157
28130212	482	492	bortezomib	T109,T121	C1176309
28130212	494	504	alkylators	T121,T131	C0002073
28130212	516	532	immunomodulatory	T121,T129	C1527392
28130212	533	538	drugs	T121	C1254351
28130212	553	561	patients	T101	C0030705
28130212	583	591	patients	T101	C0030705
28130212	601	613	pomalidomide	T109,T121	C2347624
28130212	629	642	dose-limiting	T078	C1512043
28130212	643	651	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28130212	667	675	patients	T101	C0030705
28130212	693	705	Pomalidomide	T109,T121	C2347624
28130212	710	722	administered	T169	C1521801
28130212	740	753	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28130212	769	777	per week	T079	C0332174
28130212	783	787	dose	T081	C0178602
28130212	812	820	patients	T101	C0030705
28130212	846	860	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28130212	883	898	fluid retention	T046	C0268000
28130212	903	912	infection	T046	C3714514
28130212	914	934	Hematologic response	T033	C4054793
28130212	958	966	patients	T101	C0030705
28130212	978	994	partial response	T033	C1521726
28130212	998	1015	complete response	T033	C1275810
28130212	1045	1053	survival	T169	C0220921
28130212	1055	1066	Median time	T079	C2986586
28130212	1070	1078	response	T033	C1704632
28130212	1085	1090	month	T079	C0439231
28130212	1092	1096	PDex	T109,T121	C0011777
28130212	1110	1116	active	T169	C0205177
28130212	1117	1124	regimen	T061	C0040808
28130212	1138	1146	survival	T169	C0220921
28130212	1150	1160	responding	T033	C1704632
28130212	1181	1189	patients	T101	C0030705
28130212	1195	1209	AL amyloidosis	T047	C0268381
28130212	1216	1221	trial	T062	C0008976
28130212	1226	1236	registered	T058	C1514821
28130212	1240	1262	www.clinicaltrials.gov	T170	C0282574
28130212	1266	1278	#NCT01510613	T170	C0282574

28130404|t|Tissue reservoirs of antiviral T cell immunity in persistent human CMV infection
28130404|a|T cell responses to viruses are initiated and maintained in tissue sites; however, knowledge of human antiviral T cells is largely derived from blood. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) persists in most humans, requires T cell immunity to control, yet tissue immune responses remain undefined. Here, we investigated human CMV -specific T cells, virus persistence and CMV -associated T cell homeostasis in blood, lymphoid, mucosa l and secretory tissues of 44 CMV seropositive and 28 seronegative donors. CMV -specific T cells were maintained in distinct distribution patterns, highest in blood, bone marrow (BM), or lymph nodes (LN), with the frequency and function in blood distinct from tissues. CMV genomes were detected predominantly in lung and also in spleen, BM, blood and LN. High frequencies of activated CMV -specific T cells were found in blood and BM samples with low virus detection, whereas in lung, CMV -specific T cells were present along with detectable virus. In LNs, CMV -specific T cells exhibited quiescent phenotypes independent of virus. Overall, T cell differentiation was enhanced in sites of viral persistence with age. Together, our results suggest tissue T cell reservoirs for CMV control shaped by both viral and tissue - intrinsic factors, with global effects on homeostasis of tissue T cells over the lifespan.
28130404	0	6	Tissue	T024	C0040300
28130404	21	30	antiviral	T033	C0243095
28130404	31	46	T cell immunity	T040	C1817907
28130404	61	66	human	T016	C0086418
28130404	67	80	CMV infection	T047	C0010823
28130404	81	87	T cell	T025	C0039194
28130404	88	97	responses	T042	C0301872
28130404	101	108	viruses	T005	C0042776
28130404	141	147	tissue	T024	C0040300
28130404	177	182	human	T016	C0086418
28130404	183	192	antiviral	T033	C0243095
28130404	193	200	T cells	T025	C0039194
28130404	225	230	blood	T031	C0005767
28130404	232	247	Cytomegalovirus	T005	C0010825
28130404	249	252	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	271	277	humans	T016	C0086418
28130404	288	303	T cell immunity	T040	C1817907
28130404	320	326	tissue	T024	C0040300
28130404	327	343	immune responses	T042	C0301872
28130404	384	389	human	T016	C0086418
28130404	390	393	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	390	393	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	404	411	T cells	T025	C0039194
28130404	413	418	virus	T005	C0042776
28130404	419	430	persistence	T081	C1547035
28130404	435	438	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	451	457	T cell	T025	C0039194
28130404	458	469	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28130404	473	478	blood	T031	C0005767
28130404	480	488	lymphoid	T024	C0024296
28130404	490	496	mucosa	T024	C0026724
28130404	503	520	secretory tissues	T024	C0040300
28130404	527	530	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	531	543	seropositive	T080	C0521143
28130404	551	563	seronegative	T034	C0521144
28130404	564	570	donors	T098	C0013018
28130404	572	575	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	586	593	T cells	T025	C0039194
28130404	622	643	distribution patterns	T082	C0449775
28130404	656	661	blood	T031	C0005767
28130404	663	674	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28130404	676	678	BM	T024	C0005953
28130404	684	695	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28130404	697	699	LN	T023	C0024204
28130404	711	720	frequency	T080	C1561548
28130404	725	733	function	T169	C0542341
28130404	737	742	blood	T031	C0005767
28130404	757	764	tissues	T024	C0040300
28130404	766	769	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	770	777	genomes	T028	C0017428
28130404	783	791	detected	T033	C0442726
28130404	809	813	lung	T023	C0024109
28130404	826	832	spleen	T023	C0037993
28130404	834	836	BM	T024	C0005953
28130404	838	843	blood	T031	C0005767
28130404	848	850	LN	T023	C0024204
28130404	882	885	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	896	903	T cells	T025	C0039194
28130404	918	923	blood	T031	C0005767
28130404	928	930	BM	T024	C0005953
28130404	931	938	samples	T167	C0370003
28130404	948	963	virus detection	T043	C1154657
28130404	976	980	lung	T023	C0024109
28130404	982	985	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	996	1003	T cells	T025	C0039194
28130404	1039	1044	virus	T005	C0042776
28130404	1049	1052	LNs	T023	C0024204
28130404	1054	1057	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	1068	1075	T cells	T025	C0039194
28130404	1096	1106	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28130404	1122	1127	virus	T005	C0042776
28130404	1138	1144	T cell	T025	C0039194
28130404	1145	1160	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28130404	1165	1173	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28130404	1186	1191	viral	T169	C0521026
28130404	1192	1203	persistence	T081	C1547035
28130404	1244	1250	tissue	T024	C0040300
28130404	1251	1257	T cell	T025	C0039194
28130404	1273	1276	CMV	T005	C0010825
28130404	1277	1284	control	T058	C0085557
28130404	1300	1305	viral	T169	C0521026
28130404	1310	1316	tissue	T024	C0040300
28130404	1319	1336	intrinsic factors	T116,T121,T123	C0021918
28130404	1361	1372	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28130404	1376	1382	tissue	T024	C0040300
28130404	1383	1390	T cells	T025	C0039194
28130404	1400	1408	lifespan	T102	C0870809

28131428|t|A New Intraoperative Protocol for Reducing Perioperative Transfusions in Cardiac Surgery
28131428|a|Perioperative anemia and blood product transfusion increases short-term and long-term morbidity and mortality during cardiac surgery. We hypothesized that streamlined cardiopulmonary bypass circuit and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) would reduce blood product usage and improve outcomes. All patients with Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores at our institution from January 2013 to June 2015 were included. Individuals were chronologically stratified into 2 groups according to institutional changes to a streamlined bypass circuit and ROTEM -guided transfusion. Blood product transfusion, hematocrit, and observed to expected outcomes (O/E) were compared between the groups. Patients were defined as either control group (533 patients, 12 months) or intervention group (804 patients, 18 months). The intervention group was further subdivided into streamlined circuit (290 patients, 6 months) and ROTEM (514 patients, 12 months). Use of streamlined bypass circuit correlated with significantly reduced intraoperative transfusion of packed red blood cells (pRBCs) (23.8% versus 17.9%; p = 0.05) and platelets (28.0% versus 19.3; p = 0.01) with improvement in lowest intraoperative hematocrit (26.0 versus 26.9; p = 0.02). ROTEM was associated with a further reduction in intraoperative pRBCs (17.9% versus 11.28%; p = 0.01) and postoperative transfusion pRBCs (38.3% versus 23.5%; p = 0.02). The combination was associated with reduced intraoperative (44.6% versus 34.1; p < 0.001) and postoperative transfusions (45.6% versus 40.1; p < 0.001) in the intervention group, while maintaining a higher hematocrit at discharge (28.1 versus 29.1; p < 0.001). Finally, the intervention was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the O/E for reoperation (p = 0.003). Use of streamlined cardiopulmonary bypass circuit and ROTEM may reduce transfusion and reoperation rates and improve perioperative anemia in cardiac surgical patients. This study demonstrates reproducible intraoperative methods for reducing blood product usage and improving outcomes.
28131428	6	29	Intraoperative Protocol	UnknownType	C0548477
28131428	34	69	Reducing Perioperative Transfusions	T061	C0376101
28131428	73	88	Cardiac Surgery	T061	C0018821
28131428	89	102	Perioperative	T079	C1518988
28131428	103	109	anemia	T047	C0002871
28131428	114	139	blood product transfusion	T061	C0005841
28131428	140	149	increases	T081	C0205217
28131428	150	160	short-term	T079	C0443303
28131428	165	174	long-term	T079	C0443252
28131428	175	184	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28131428	189	198	mortality	T081	C0205848
28131428	199	205	during	T079	C0347984
28131428	206	221	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
28131428	226	238	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28131428	244	286	streamlined cardiopulmonary bypass circuit	T074	C3688890
28131428	291	320	rotational thromboelastometry	T060	C3661505
28131428	322	327	ROTEM	T060	C3661505
28131428	342	361	blood product usage	T061	C0005841
28131428	366	382	improve outcomes	T081	C0086749
28131428	388	396	patients	T101	C0030705
28131428	402	442	Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk scores	T170	C3164380
28131428	450	461	institution	T093	C2607850
28131428	541	551	stratified	T080	C0205363
28131428	559	565	groups	T078	C0441833
28131428	579	600	institutional changes	T058	C0021626
28131428	606	632	streamlined bypass circuit	T074	C3688890
28131428	637	642	ROTEM	T060	C3661505
28131428	651	662	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28131428	664	689	Blood product transfusion	T061	C0005841
28131428	691	701	hematocrit	T201	C1542366
28131428	707	715	observed	T169	C1441672
28131428	719	736	expected outcomes	T170	C2963499
28131428	738	741	O/E	T081	C0086749
28131428	769	775	groups	T078	C0441833
28131428	777	785	Patients	T101	C0030705
28131428	809	822	control group	T096	C0009932
28131428	828	836	patients	T101	C0030705
28131428	852	870	intervention group	T098	C2986530
28131428	876	884	patients	T101	C0030705
28131428	902	920	intervention group	T098	C2986530
28131428	949	968	streamlined circuit	T074	C3688890
28131428	974	982	patients	T101	C0030705
28131428	998	1003	ROTEM	T060	C3661505
28131428	1009	1017	patients	T101	C0030705
28131428	1038	1064	streamlined bypass circuit	T074	C3688890
28131428	1065	1075	correlated	T080	C1707520
28131428	1081	1102	significantly reduced	T080	C0392756
28131428	1103	1117	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28131428	1118	1129	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28131428	1133	1155	packed red blood cells	T116,T121	C2316467
28131428	1157	1162	pRBCs	T116,T121	C2316467
28131428	1199	1208	platelets	T025	C0005821
28131428	1244	1255	improvement	T077	C2986411
28131428	1266	1280	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28131428	1281	1291	hematocrit	T033	C0518014
28131428	1322	1327	ROTEM	T060	C3661505
28131428	1332	1347	associated with	T080	C0332281
28131428	1358	1367	reduction	T080	C0392756
28131428	1371	1385	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28131428	1386	1391	pRBCs	T116,T121	C2316467
28131428	1428	1441	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28131428	1442	1453	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28131428	1454	1459	pRBCs	T116,T121	C2316467
28131428	1512	1527	associated with	T080	C0332281
28131428	1536	1550	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28131428	1586	1599	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28131428	1600	1612	transfusions	T061	C0005841
28131428	1651	1669	intervention group	T098	C2986530
28131428	1691	1708	higher hematocrit	T033	C0518014
28131428	1712	1721	discharge	T031	C0012621
28131428	1766	1778	intervention	T061	C0184661
28131428	1783	1798	associated with	T080	C0332281
28131428	1801	1826	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28131428	1827	1836	reduction	T080	C0392756
28131428	1844	1847	O/E	T081	C0086749
28131428	1852	1863	reoperation	T061	C0035110
28131428	1884	1926	streamlined cardiopulmonary bypass circuit	T074	C3688890
28131428	1931	1936	ROTEM	T060	C3661505
28131428	1948	1959	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28131428	1964	1975	reoperation	T061	C0035110
28131428	1994	2007	perioperative	T079	C1518988
28131428	2008	2014	anemia	T047	C0002871
28131428	2018	2034	cardiac surgical	T061	C0018821
28131428	2035	2043	patients	T101	C0030705
28131428	2082	2096	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28131428	2109	2137	reducing blood product usage	T061	C0005841
28131428	2142	2160	improving outcomes	T081	C0086749

28131601|t|Seasonal variations of hyponatremia in the emergency department: Age-related changes
28131601|a|We investigated seasonal prevalence of hyponatremia in the emergency department (ED). A cross-sectional study using clinical chart review. University Hospital ED, with approximately 28 000 patient visits a year. We reviewed 15 049 patients, subdivided in 2 groups: the adult group consisting of 9822 patients aged between 18 and 64 years old and the elderly group consisting of 5227 patients aged over 65 years presenting to the ED between January 1st, 2014 and December 31st, 2015. Emergency patients were evaluated for the presence of hyponatremia by clinical chart review. Hyponatremia was defined as a serum sodium level <135mmol/l. Mean monthly prevalence of hyponatremia was of 3.74±0.5% in the adult group and it was significantly increased to 10.3±0.7% in the elderly group (p<0.05 vs adults). During the summer, hyponatremia prevalence was of 4.14±0.2% in adult and markedly increased to 12.52±0.7% (zenith) in elderly patients (p<0.01 vs adult group; p<0.05 vs other seasons in elderly group). In the elderly group, we reported a significant correlation between weather temperature and hyponatremia prevalence (r: 0.491; p<0.05). We observed a major influence of climate on the prevalence of hyponatremia in the elderly in the ED. Decline in renal function, salt loss, reduced salt intake and increased water ingestion could all contribute to developing hyponatremia in elderly patients during the summer. These data could be useful for emergency physicians to prevent hot weather - induced hyponatremia in the elderly.
28131601	0	19	Seasonal variations	T079	C0036496
28131601	23	35	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
28131601	43	63	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28131601	65	84	Age-related changes	T079	C0001783
28131601	101	120	seasonal prevalence	T079	C0036496
28131601	124	136	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
28131601	144	164	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28131601	166	168	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28131601	173	194	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28131601	201	222	clinical chart review	UnknownType	C0553620
28131601	224	243	University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28131601	244	246	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28131601	274	281	patient	T101	C0030705
28131601	291	295	year	T079	C0439234
28131601	316	324	patients	T101	C0030705
28131601	342	348	groups	T098	C1257890
28131601	354	359	adult	T100	C0001675
28131601	360	365	group	T098	C1257890
28131601	385	393	patients	T101	C0030705
28131601	417	426	years old	T079	C0439234
28131601	435	448	elderly group	T098	C0001792
28131601	468	476	patients	T101	C0030705
28131601	490	495	years	T079	C0439234
28131601	514	516	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28131601	568	586	Emergency patients	T078	C1561583
28131601	592	601	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28131601	610	618	presence	T033	C0150312
28131601	622	634	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
28131601	638	659	clinical chart review	UnknownType	C0553620
28131601	661	673	Hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
28131601	691	709	serum sodium level	T034	C0587356
28131601	722	745	Mean monthly prevalence	T081	C0033105
28131601	749	761	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
28131601	786	791	adult	T100	C0001675
28131601	792	797	group	T098	C1257890
28131601	823	832	increased	T081	C0205217
28131601	853	866	elderly group	T098	C0001792
28131601	878	884	adults	T100	C0001675
28131601	898	904	summer	T079	C0241301
28131601	906	918	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
28131601	919	929	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28131601	950	955	adult	T100	C0001675
28131601	960	968	markedly	T080	C0522501
28131601	969	978	increased	T081	C0205217
28131601	1005	1021	elderly patients	T101	C0030705
28131601	1033	1038	adult	T100	C0001675
28131601	1039	1044	group	T098	C1257890
28131601	1062	1069	seasons	T079	C0036497
28131601	1073	1086	elderly group	T098	C0001792
28131601	1096	1109	elderly group	T098	C0001792
28131601	1114	1122	reported	T058	C0700287
28131601	1125	1148	significant correlation	T081	C0010100
28131601	1157	1164	weather	T070	C0043085
28131601	1165	1176	temperature	T081	C0039476
28131601	1181	1193	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
28131601	1194	1204	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28131601	1228	1236	observed	T169	C1441672
28131601	1245	1254	influence	T077	C4054723
28131601	1258	1265	climate	T070	C0008946
28131601	1273	1283	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28131601	1287	1299	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
28131601	1307	1314	elderly	T098	C0001792
28131601	1322	1324	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28131601	1326	1333	Decline	T080	C1511741
28131601	1337	1351	renal function	T042	C0232804
28131601	1353	1362	salt loss	T033	C0235425
28131601	1364	1371	reduced	T080	C0392756
28131601	1372	1383	salt intake	T032	C0489767
28131601	1388	1397	increased	T081	C0205217
28131601	1398	1413	water ingestion	T040	C0013123
28131601	1424	1434	contribute	T052	C1880177
28131601	1449	1461	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
28131601	1465	1481	elderly patients	T101	C0030705
28131601	1493	1499	summer	T079	C0241301
28131601	1507	1511	data	T078	C1511726
28131601	1532	1552	emergency physicians	T097	C0031831
28131601	1564	1575	hot weather	T070	C0337004
28131601	1578	1585	induced	T169	C0205263
28131601	1586	1598	hyponatremia	T047	C0020625
28131601	1606	1613	elderly	T098	C0001792

28131759|t|Acoustic startle response in rats predicts inter-individual variation in fear extinction
28131759|a|Although a large portion of the population is exposed to a traumatic event at some point, only a small percentage of the population develops post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), suggesting the presence of predisposing factors. Abnormal acoustic startle response (ASR) has been shown to be associated with PTSD, implicating it as a potential predictor of the development of PTSD -like behavior. Since poor extinction and retention of extinction learning are characteristic of PTSD patients, it is of interest to determine if abnormal ASR is predictive of development of such deficits. To determine whether baseline ASR has utility in predicting the development of PTSD -like behavior, the relationship between baseline ASR and freezing behavior following Pavlovian fear conditioning was examined in a group of adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats. Baseline acoustic startle response (ASR) was assessed preceding exposure to a Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm where freezing behavior was measured during fear conditioning, extinction training, and extinction testing. Although there was no relationship between baseline ASR and fear memory following conditioning, rats with low baseline ASR had significantly lower magnitude of retention of the extinction memory than rats with high baseline ASR. The results suggest that baseline ASR has value as a predictive index of the development of a PTSD -like phenotype.
28131759	0	25	Acoustic startle response	T040	C0038186
28131759	29	33	rats	T015	C0034693
28131759	43	59	inter-individual	T098	C0237401
28131759	60	69	variation	T080	C1705242
28131759	73	77	fear	T041	C0015726
28131759	78	88	extinction	T041	C0015347
28131759	121	131	population	T098	C1257890
28131759	148	157	traumatic	T169	C0332663
28131759	158	163	event	T051	C0441471
28131759	192	202	percentage	T081	C0439165
28131759	210	220	population	T098	C1257890
28131759	230	260	post-traumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
28131759	262	266	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28131759	296	316	predisposing factors	T079	C0032946
28131759	318	326	Abnormal	T033	C0205161
28131759	327	352	acoustic startle response	T040	C0038186
28131759	354	357	ASR	T040	C0038186
28131759	396	400	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28131759	422	431	potential	T080	C3245505
28131759	432	441	predictor	T078	C2698872
28131759	449	460	development	T039	C0243107
28131759	464	468	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28131759	475	483	behavior	T053	C0004927
28131759	496	506	extinction	T041	C0015347
28131759	524	543	extinction learning	T041	C0237613
28131759	566	570	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28131759	571	579	patients	T101	C0030705
28131759	615	623	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28131759	624	627	ASR	T040	C0038186
28131759	645	656	development	T039	C0243107
28131759	665	673	deficits	T080	C2987487
28131759	696	704	baseline	T081	C1442488
28131759	705	708	ASR	T040	C0038186
28131759	739	750	development	T039	C0243107
28131759	754	758	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28131759	765	773	behavior	T053	C0004927
28131759	800	808	baseline	T081	C1442488
28131759	809	812	ASR	T040	C0038186
28131759	817	834	freezing behavior	T053	C0004927
28131759	845	872	Pavlovian fear conditioning	T062	C0681797
28131759	900	905	adult	T100	C0001675
28131759	907	911	male	T032	C0086582
28131759	912	931	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
28131759	933	941	Baseline	T081	C1442488
28131759	942	967	acoustic startle response	T040	C0038186
28131759	969	972	ASR	T040	C0038186
28131759	1011	1047	Pavlovian fear conditioning paradigm	T062	C0681797
28131759	1054	1071	freezing behavior	T053	C0004927
28131759	1092	1109	fear conditioning	T062	C0681797
28131759	1111	1121	extinction	T041	C0015347
28131759	1122	1130	training	T065	C0220931
28131759	1136	1146	extinction	T041	C0015347
28131759	1147	1154	testing	T169	C0039593
28131759	1199	1207	baseline	T081	C1442488
28131759	1208	1211	ASR	T040	C0038186
28131759	1216	1220	fear	T041	C0015726
28131759	1221	1227	memory	T041	C0025260
28131759	1238	1250	conditioning	T062	C0681797
28131759	1252	1256	rats	T015	C0034715
28131759	1266	1274	baseline	T081	C1442488
28131759	1275	1278	ASR	T040	C0038186
28131759	1316	1325	retention	T041	C0035280
28131759	1333	1343	extinction	T041	C0015347
28131759	1344	1350	memory	T041	C0025260
28131759	1356	1360	rats	T015	C0034715
28131759	1371	1379	baseline	T081	C1442488
28131759	1380	1383	ASR	T040	C0038186
28131759	1410	1418	baseline	T081	C1442488
28131759	1419	1422	ASR	T040	C0038186
28131759	1438	1448	predictive	T080	C0681890
28131759	1449	1454	index	T170	C0918012
28131759	1462	1473	development	T039	C0243107
28131759	1479	1483	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28131759	1490	1499	phenotype	T032	C0031437

28131783|t|Antihyperalgesic effect of CB1 receptor activation involves the modulation of P2X3 receptor in the primary afferent neuron
28131783|a|Cannabinoid system is a potential target for pain control. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) activation play a role in the analgesic effect of cannabinoids once it is expressed in primary afferent neurons. This study investigates whether the anti-hyperalgesic effect of CB1 receptor activation involves P2X3 receptor in primary afferent neurons. Mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated by electronic von Frey test. Cannabinoid effect was evaluated using anandamide or ACEA, a non-selective or a selective CB1 receptor agonists, respectively; AM251, a CB1 receptor antagonist, and antisense ODN for CB1 receptor. Calcium imaging assay was performed to evaluated α,β-meATP - responsive cultured DRG neurons pretreated with ACEA. Anandamide or ACEA administered in peripheral tissue reduced the carrageenan -induced mechanical hyperalgesia. The reduction in the carrageenan -induced hyperalgesia induced by ACEA was completely reversed by administration of AM251 as well as by the intrathecal treatment with antisense ODN for CB1 receptor. Also, ACEA reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by bradykinin and by α,β-meATP, a P2X3 receptor non-selective agonist, but not by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and chemokine -induced chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1). Finally, CB1 receptor s are co-localized with P2X3 receptors in DRG small-diameter neurons and the treatment with ACEA reduced the number of α,β-meATP - responsive cultured DRG neurons. Our data suggest that the analgesic effect of CB1 receptor activation is mediated by a negative modulation of the P2X3 receptor in the primary afferent neurons.
28131783	0	23	Antihyperalgesic effect	T033	C0243095
28131783	27	39	CB1 receptor	T116,T192	C0378126
28131783	40	50	activation	T043	C1514758
28131783	64	74	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
28131783	78	91	P2X3 receptor	T116,T192	C0382265
28131783	116	122	neuron	T025	C0027882
28131783	123	141	Cannabinoid system	T109,T121	C0006864
28131783	168	180	pain control	T061	C1304888
28131783	182	204	Cannabinoid receptor 1	T116,T192	C0378126
28131783	206	209	CB1	T116,T192	C0378126
28131783	241	257	analgesic effect	T033	C0948482
28131783	261	273	cannabinoids	T109,T121	C0006864
28131783	315	322	neurons	T025	C0027882
28131783	388	400	CB1 receptor	T116,T192	C0378126
28131783	455	462	neurons	T025	C0027882
28131783	464	487	Mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
28131783	505	529	electronic von Frey test	T060	C0430022
28131783	531	542	Cannabinoid	T109,T121	C0006864
28131783	570	580	anandamide	T109,T123	C0211726
28131783	584	588	ACEA	T109	C0767833
28131783	621	642	CB1 receptor agonists	T109,T121	C1720260
28131783	658	663	AM251	T109	C0534009
28131783	667	690	CB1 receptor antagonist	T121	C2927149
28131783	696	709	antisense ODN	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
28131783	714	726	CB1 receptor	T116,T192	C0378126
28131783	728	735	Calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28131783	736	749	imaging assay	T060	C0079595
28131783	777	786	α,β-meATP	T114,T121	C0051285
28131783	789	799	responsive	T169	C0205342
28131783	809	812	DRG	T023	C0017070
28131783	813	820	neurons	T025	C0027882
28131783	837	841	ACEA	T109	C0767833
28131783	843	853	Anandamide	T109,T123	C0211726
28131783	857	861	ACEA	T109	C0767833
28131783	908	919	carrageenan	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
28131783	929	952	mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
28131783	975	986	carrageenan	T109,T121,T123	C0007289
28131783	996	1008	hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
28131783	1020	1024	ACEA	T109	C0767833
28131783	1070	1075	AM251	T109	C0534009
28131783	1094	1115	intrathecal treatment	T061	C2095369
28131783	1121	1134	antisense ODN	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
28131783	1139	1151	CB1 receptor	T116,T192	C0378126
28131783	1159	1163	ACEA	T109	C0767833
28131783	1176	1199	mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
28131783	1229	1238	α,β-meATP	T114,T121	C0051285
28131783	1242	1255	P2X3 receptor	T116,T192	C0382265
28131783	1270	1277	agonist	T109,T121	C1720260
28131783	1290	1317	tumor necrosis factor alpha	T116,T129	C1456820
28131783	1319	1324	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28131783	1327	1345	interleukin-1 beta	T116,T129	C0021753
28131783	1347	1352	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28131783	1358	1367	chemokine	T116,T129	C0282554
28131783	1377	1394	chemoattractant-1	T116,T123	C0033684
28131783	1396	1402	CINC-1	T116,T123	C0033684
28131783	1414	1426	CB1 receptor	T116,T192	C0378126
28131783	1451	1465	P2X3 receptors	T116,T192	C0382265
28131783	1469	1472	DRG	T023	C0017070
28131783	1488	1495	neurons	T025	C0027882
28131783	1519	1523	ACEA	T109	C0767833
28131783	1546	1555	α,β-meATP	T114,T121	C0051285
28131783	1558	1568	responsive	T169	C0205342
28131783	1578	1581	DRG	T023	C0017070
28131783	1582	1589	neurons	T025	C0027882
28131783	1617	1633	analgesic effect	T033	C0948482
28131783	1637	1649	CB1 receptor	T116,T192	C0378126
28131783	1650	1660	activation	T043	C1514758
28131783	1678	1697	negative modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
28131783	1705	1718	P2X3 receptor	T116,T192	C0382265
28131783	1743	1750	neurons	T025	C0027882

28132082|t|High tacrolimus blood concentrations early after lung transplantation and the risk of kidney injury
28132082|a|Lung transplant recipients often develop acute kidney injury (AKI) evolving into chronic kidney disease (CKD). The immunosuppressant tacrolimus might be associated with the emergence of AKI. We analyzed the development and recovery of kidney injury after lung transplantation and related AKI to whole-blood tacrolimus trough concentrations and other factors causing kidney injury. We retrospectively studied kidney injury in 186 lung-transplantation patients at the UMC Utrecht between 2001 and 2011. Kidney function and whole-blood tacrolimus trough concentrations were determined from day 1 to 14 and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperative. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), septic shock, and nephrotoxic medications were evaluated as covariates for AKI. We analyzed liver injury and drug-drug interactions. AKI was present in 85 (46%) patients. Tacrolimus concentrations were supra-therapeutic in 135 of 186 patients (73%). AKI in the first week after transplantation was related to supra-therapeutic tacrolimus concentrations (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.06-2.27), ≥3 other nephrotoxic drugs (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.02-3.77), infection (OR 2.48; 95% CI 1.31-4.70), and cystic fibrosis (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.16-4.06). Recovery rate of AKI was lower than expected (19%), and the cumulative incidence of severe CKD at 1 year was 15%. After lung transplantation, AKI is common and often evolves into severe CKD, which is a known cause of morbidity and mortality. Supra-therapeutic whole-blood tacrolimus trough concentrations are related to the early onset of AKI. Conscientious targeting tacrolimus blood concentrations might be vital in the early phase after lung transplantation. What is known about this subject? • Lung transplant recipients often develop acute kidney injury evolving into chronic kidney disease increasing both morbidity and mortality. • To date, the pathophysiology of kidney injury after lung transplantation has not been fully elucidated. • The immunosuppressant tacrolimus is difficult to dose, especially in the unstable clinical setting, and is nephrotoxic. • For the first time, supra-therapeutic whole-blood tacrolimus trough concentrations are related to the emergence of acute kidney injury in the first days after lung transplantation. • Supra-therapeutic whole-blood tacrolimus trough concentrations often occur early after lung transplantation. • AKI after lung transplantation shows low recovery rates.
28132082	5	15	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	16	36	blood concentrations	T081	C0699870
28132082	49	69	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28132082	78	82	risk	T078	C0035647
28132082	86	99	kidney injury	T037	C0160420
28132082	100	104	Lung	T023	C0024109
28132082	105	126	transplant recipients	T101	C0376387
28132082	141	160	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28132082	162	165	AKI	T037	C2609414
28132082	181	203	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
28132082	205	208	CKD	T047	C1561643
28132082	215	232	immunosuppressant	T121,T129	C0021081
28132082	233	243	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	253	268	associated with	T080	C0332281
28132082	286	289	AKI	T037	C2609414
28132082	307	318	development	T169	C1527148
28132082	323	331	recovery	T040	C2004454
28132082	335	348	kidney injury	T037	C0160420
28132082	355	375	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28132082	388	391	AKI	T037	C2609414
28132082	395	406	whole-blood	T031	C0370231
28132082	407	417	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	418	439	trough concentrations	T081	C3640757
28132082	466	479	kidney injury	T037	C0160420
28132082	484	507	retrospectively studied	T062	C0035363
28132082	508	521	kidney injury	T037	C0160420
28132082	529	549	lung-transplantation	T061	C0024128
28132082	550	558	patients	T101	C0030705
28132082	566	577	UMC Utrecht	T093	C1708333
28132082	601	616	Kidney function	T042	C0232804
28132082	621	632	whole-blood	T031	C0370231
28132082	633	643	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	644	665	trough concentrations	T081	C3640757
28132082	687	690	day	T079	C0439228
28132082	722	728	months	T079	C0439231
28132082	729	742	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28132082	744	783	Systemic inflammatory response syndrome	T047	C0242966
28132082	785	789	SIRS	T047	C0242966
28132082	792	804	septic shock	T046	C0036983
28132082	810	821	nephrotoxic	T080	C1514118
28132082	822	833	medications	T170	C4284232
28132082	852	862	covariates	UnknownType	C0814913
28132082	867	870	AKI	T037	C2609414
28132082	884	896	liver injury	T037	C0160390
28132082	901	923	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
28132082	925	928	AKI	T037	C2609414
28132082	933	940	present	T033	C0150312
28132082	953	961	patients	T101	C0030705
28132082	963	973	Tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	974	988	concentrations	T081	C0699870
28132082	994	1011	supra-therapeutic	T034	C4049341
28132082	1026	1034	patients	T101	C0030705
28132082	1042	1045	AKI	T037	C2609414
28132082	1059	1063	week	T079	C0439230
28132082	1070	1085	transplantation	T061	C0024128
28132082	1101	1118	supra-therapeutic	T034	C4049341
28132082	1119	1129	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	1130	1144	concentrations	T081	C0699870
28132082	1146	1148	OR	T081	C0028873
28132082	1159	1161	CI	T081	C0009667
28132082	1183	1200	nephrotoxic drugs	T061	C3687832
28132082	1202	1204	OR	T081	C0028873
28132082	1215	1217	CI	T081	C0009667
28132082	1230	1239	infection	T046	C3714514
28132082	1241	1243	OR	T081	C0028873
28132082	1254	1256	CI	T081	C0009667
28132082	1273	1288	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
28132082	1290	1292	OR	T081	C0028873
28132082	1303	1305	CI	T081	C0009667
28132082	1318	1331	Recovery rate	T081	C1521828
28132082	1335	1338	AKI	T037	C2609414
28132082	1389	1398	incidence	T169	C0220856
28132082	1409	1412	CKD	T047	C1561643
28132082	1418	1422	year	T079	C0439234
28132082	1438	1458	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28132082	1460	1463	AKI	T037	C2609414
28132082	1497	1503	severe	T080	C0205082
28132082	1504	1507	CKD	T047	C1561643
28132082	1535	1544	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28132082	1549	1558	mortality	T081	C0205848
28132082	1560	1577	Supra-therapeutic	T034	C4049341
28132082	1578	1589	whole-blood	T031	C0370231
28132082	1590	1600	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	1601	1622	trough concentrations	T081	C3640757
28132082	1657	1660	AKI	T037	C2609414
28132082	1662	1675	Conscientious	T033	C0580939
28132082	1676	1685	targeting	T169	C1521840
28132082	1686	1696	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	1697	1717	blood concentrations	T081	C0699870
28132082	1727	1732	vital	T080	C0442732
28132082	1740	1751	early phase	UnknownType	C0814494
28132082	1758	1778	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28132082	1816	1820	Lung	T023	C0024109
28132082	1821	1842	transplant recipients	T101	C0376387
28132082	1857	1876	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28132082	1891	1913	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
28132082	1930	1939	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28132082	1944	1953	mortality	T081	C0026566
28132082	1970	1985	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28132082	1989	2002	kidney injury	T037	C0160420
28132082	2009	2029	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28132082	2067	2084	immunosuppressant	T121,T129	C0021081
28132082	2085	2095	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	2112	2116	dose	T081	C0678766
28132082	2136	2144	unstable	T033	C0443343
28132082	2145	2161	clinical setting	T082	C3176918
28132082	2170	2181	nephrotoxic	T080	C1514118
28132082	2205	2222	supra-therapeutic	T034	C4049341
28132082	2223	2234	whole-blood	T031	C0370231
28132082	2235	2245	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	2246	2267	trough concentrations	T081	C3640757
28132082	2300	2319	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28132082	2333	2337	days	T079	C0439228
28132082	2344	2364	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28132082	2368	2385	Supra-therapeutic	T034	C4049341
28132082	2386	2397	whole-blood	T031	C0370231
28132082	2398	2408	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28132082	2409	2430	trough concentrations	T081	C3640757
28132082	2455	2475	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28132082	2479	2482	AKI	T037	C2609414
28132082	2489	2509	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28132082	2516	2519	low	T080	C0205251
28132082	2520	2528	recovery	T040	C2004454
28132082	2529	2534	rates	T081	C1521828

28132389|t|An Improved Method for Identifying Specific DNA-Protein-Binding Sites In Vitro
28132389|a|Binding of proteins to specific DNA sequences is essential for a variety of cellular processes such as DNA replication, transcription and responses to external stimuli. Chromatin immunoprecipitation is widely used for determining intracellular DNA fragments bound by a specific protein. However, the subsequent specific or accurate DNA-protein-binding sequence is usually determined by DNA footprinting. Here, we report an alternative method for identifying specific sites of DNA-protein-binding (designated SSDP) in vitro. This technique is mainly dependent on antibody-antigen immunity, simple and convenient, while radioactive isotope labeling and optimization of partial degradation by deoxyribonuclease (DNase) are avoided. As an example, the specific binding sequence of a target promoter by DdrO (a DNA damage response protein from Deinococcus radiodurans) in vitro was determined by the developed method. The central sequence of the binding site could be easily located using this technique.
28132389	3	11	Improved	T033	C0184511
28132389	12	18	Method	T169	C0449851
28132389	35	69	Specific DNA-Protein-Binding Sites	T192	C0005456
28132389	70	78	In Vitro	T080	C1533691
28132389	79	86	Binding	T044	C1167622
28132389	90	98	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28132389	102	124	specific DNA sequences	T086	C0162326
28132389	128	137	essential	T080	C0205224
28132389	144	151	variety	T077	C2346866
28132389	155	173	cellular processes	T043	C1325880
28132389	182	197	DNA replication	T045	C0598312
28132389	199	212	transcription	T045	C0040649
28132389	217	246	responses to external stimuli	T038	C1154577
28132389	248	277	Chromatin immunoprecipitation	T059	C1328856
28132389	309	322	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28132389	323	336	DNA fragments	UnknownType	C0684192
28132389	337	342	bound	T044	C1167622
28132389	348	364	specific protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28132389	379	389	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28132389	390	398	specific	T080	C0205369
28132389	402	439	accurate DNA-protein-binding sequence	T087	C0002518
28132389	451	464	determined by	T080	C0521095
28132389	465	481	DNA footprinting	T063	C0282579
28132389	492	498	report	T170	C0684224
28132389	514	520	method	T169	C0449851
28132389	537	551	specific sites	T082	C0449604
28132389	555	574	DNA-protein-binding	T044	C1167622
28132389	587	591	SSDP	T044	C1167622
28132389	593	601	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28132389	608	617	technique	T169	C0449851
28132389	628	637	dependent	T080	C0851827
28132389	641	657	antibody-antigen	T129	C0368675
28132389	658	666	immunity	T039	C0020964
28132389	668	674	simple	T080	C0205352
28132389	679	689	convenient	T080	C3831015
28132389	697	708	radioactive	T070	C0034553
28132389	709	725	isotope labeling	T062	C0022261
28132389	730	742	optimization	T052	C2698650
28132389	746	753	partial	T081	C0728938
28132389	754	765	degradation	T169	C0243125
28132389	769	786	deoxyribonuclease	T116,T121,T126	C0011522
28132389	788	793	DNase	T116,T121,T126	C0011522
28132389	814	821	example	T077	C1707959
28132389	827	852	specific binding sequence	T087	C0002518
28132389	858	864	target	T169	C1521840
28132389	865	873	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28132389	877	881	DdrO	T116,T123	C0033684
28132389	885	912	DNA damage response protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28132389	918	941	Deinococcus radiodurans	T007	C0544157
28132389	943	951	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28132389	956	969	determined by	T080	C0521095
28132389	984	990	method	T169	C0449851
28132389	996	1012	central sequence	T087	C0002518
28132389	1020	1032	binding site	T192	C0005456
28132389	1042	1048	easily	T033	C0332219
28132389	1068	1077	technique	T169	C0449851

28132765|t|Zebrafish akt2 is essential for survival, growth, bone development, and glucose homeostasis
28132765|a|As one of three akt isoforms, akt2 plays a key role in the regulation of widely divergent cellular processes in mammals. However, its role and underlying mechanisms in zebrafish remain largely unknown. To elucidate the function of akt2 in zebrafish, we generated zebrafish lacking akt2 gene via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Akt2 - null zebrafish exhibit partial lethality and severe growth deficiency, which is different from those observed in akt2 - null mice. Furthermore, akt2 - null zebrafish display deficiency in fin ray development, but their cartilage is not affected. Similar to observations in akt2 - null mice, akt2 - null zebrafish display impaired glucose homeostasis. However, in contrast to that in akt2 - null mice, insulin level is lower in akt2 - null zebrafish, implicating the symptoms of type I diabetes exhibited in akt2 - null zebrafish. In addition, transcriptome analysis reveals that the genes involved in metabolism and osteogenesis are disturbed in akt2 - null zebrafish. Taken together, these data not only support an important role of akt2 in zebrafish survival, growth, bone development and glucose homeostasis, but also suggest that akt2 has divergent functions between mice and zebrafish, even though they are evolutionarily conserved.
28132765	0	9	Zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	10	14	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	18	27	essential	T080	C0205224
28132765	32	40	survival	T052	C0038952
28132765	42	48	growth	T040	C0018270
28132765	50	66	bone development	T042	C0005939
28132765	72	91	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
28132765	108	111	akt	T116,T126	C0166559
28132765	112	120	isoforms	T116	C0597298
28132765	122	126	akt2	T116,T126	C1312419
28132765	139	143	role	T077	C1705810
28132765	151	161	regulation	T038	C1327622
28132765	182	200	cellular processes	T043	C1325880
28132765	204	211	mammals	T015	C0024660
28132765	226	230	role	T077	C1705810
28132765	246	256	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28132765	260	269	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	285	292	unknown	T080	C0439673
28132765	311	319	function	T169	C0542341
28132765	323	327	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	331	340	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	345	354	generated	T080	C2346631
28132765	355	364	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	365	372	lacking	T080	C0332268
28132765	373	382	akt2 gene	T028	C0812230
28132765	387	398	CRISPR/Cas9	T044	C3658355
28132765	399	409	technology	T090	C0039421
28132765	411	415	Akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	418	422	null	T081	C0456148
28132765	423	432	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	449	458	lethality	T033	C3151529
28132765	463	469	severe	T080	C0205082
28132765	470	476	growth	T040	C0018270
28132765	477	487	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28132765	531	535	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	538	542	null	T081	C0456148
28132765	543	547	mice	T015	C0025929
28132765	562	566	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	569	573	null	T081	C0456148
28132765	574	583	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	584	591	display	T169	C0870432
28132765	592	602	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28132765	606	625	fin ray development	T040	C2246747
28132765	637	646	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28132765	650	662	not affected	T077	C2986417
28132765	675	687	observations	T062	C0302523
28132765	691	695	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	698	702	null	T081	C0456148
28132765	703	707	mice	T015	C0025929
28132765	709	713	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	716	720	null	T081	C0456148
28132765	721	730	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	731	738	display	T169	C0870432
28132765	739	747	impaired	T169	C0221099
28132765	748	767	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
28132765	801	805	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	808	812	null	T081	C0456148
28132765	813	817	mice	T015	C0025929
28132765	819	832	insulin level	T059	C0202098
28132765	836	841	lower	T080	C0205251
28132765	845	849	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	852	856	null	T081	C0456148
28132765	857	866	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	884	892	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28132765	896	911	type I diabetes	T047	C0011854
28132765	925	929	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	932	936	null	T081	C0456148
28132765	937	946	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	961	983	transcriptome analysis	T059,T063	C0752248
28132765	984	991	reveals	T080	C0443289
28132765	1001	1006	genes	T028	C0017337
28132765	1019	1029	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28132765	1034	1046	osteogenesis	T042	C0029433
28132765	1064	1068	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	1071	1075	null	T081	C0456148
28132765	1076	1085	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	1109	1113	data	T078	C1511726
28132765	1144	1148	role	T077	C1705810
28132765	1152	1156	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	1160	1169	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	1170	1178	survival	T052	C0038952
28132765	1180	1186	growth	T040	C0018270
28132765	1188	1204	bone development	T042	C0005939
28132765	1209	1228	glucose homeostasis	T039	C1326961
28132765	1252	1256	akt2	T028	C0812230
28132765	1271	1280	functions	T169	C0542341
28132765	1289	1293	mice	T015	C0025929
28132765	1298	1307	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28132765	1330	1344	evolutionarily	T045	C0015219
28132765	1345	1354	conserved	T044	C0969701

28132824|t|Physiological Properties and Behavioral Correlates of Hippocampal Granule Cells and Mossy Cells
28132824|a|The hippocampal dentate gyrus is often viewed as a segregator of upstream information. Physiological support for such function has been hampered by a lack of well-defined characteristics that can identify granule cells and mossy cells. We developed an electrophysiology -based classification of dentate granule cells and mossy cells in mice that we validated by optogenetic tagging of mossy cells. Granule cells exhibited sparse firing, had a single place field, and showed only modest changes when the mouse was tested in different mazes in the same room. In contrast, mossy cells were more active, had multiple place fields and showed stronger remapping of place fields under the same conditions. Although the granule cell - mossy cell synapse was strong and facilitating, mossy cells rarely "inherited" place fields from single granule cells. Our findings suggest that the granule cells and mossy cells could be modulated separately and their joint action may be critical for pattern separation.
28132824	0	13	Physiological	T169	C0205463
28132824	14	24	Properties	T080	C0871161
28132824	29	39	Behavioral	T053	C0004927
28132824	40	50	Correlates	T080	C1707520
28132824	54	65	Hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28132824	66	79	Granule Cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	84	95	Mossy Cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	100	111	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28132824	112	125	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
28132824	147	157	segregator	T169	C0205245
28132824	161	181	upstream information	T042	C1254358
28132824	183	204	Physiological support	T039	C0031843
28132824	214	222	function	T169	C0542341
28132824	246	250	lack	T080	C0332268
28132824	254	266	well-defined	T080	C0442825
28132824	267	282	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28132824	301	314	granule cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	319	330	mossy cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	348	365	electrophysiology	UnknownType	C0678837
28132824	373	387	classification	T185	C0008902
28132824	391	398	dentate	T023	C0152314
28132824	399	412	granule cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	417	428	mossy cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	432	436	mice	T015	C0025929
28132824	458	477	optogenetic tagging	T063	C3494301
28132824	481	492	mossy cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	494	507	Granule cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	525	531	firing	T043	C0007613
28132824	539	545	single	T081	C0205171
28132824	546	557	place field	T082	C1254362
28132824	582	589	changes	T169	C0392747
28132824	599	604	mouse	T015	C0025929
28132824	609	615	tested	T169	C0039593
28132824	629	634	mazes	T073	C0870866
28132824	647	651	room	T082	C1547703
28132824	666	677	mossy cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	688	694	active	T169	C0205177
28132824	700	708	multiple	T081	C0439064
28132824	709	721	place fields	T082	C1254362
28132824	755	767	place fields	T082	C1254362
28132824	783	793	conditions	T080	C0348080
28132824	808	820	granule cell	T025	C0007634
28132824	823	833	mossy cell	T025	C0007634
28132824	834	841	synapse	T030	C0039062
28132824	871	882	mossy cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	902	914	place fields	T082	C1254362
28132824	920	926	single	T081	C0205171
28132824	927	940	granule cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	946	954	findings	T169	C2607943
28132824	972	985	granule cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	990	1001	mossy cells	T025	C0007634
28132824	1011	1020	modulated	T082	C0443264
28132824	1048	1054	action	T052	C3266814
28132824	1075	1093	pattern separation	T169	C0205245

28133624|t|Composition and design of vegetative filter strips instrumental in improving water quality by mass reduction of suspended sediment, nutrients and Escherichia coli in overland flows in eastern escarpment of Mau Forest, Njoro River Watershed, Kenya
28133624|a|This study assessed the effect of vegetative filter strip (VFS) in removal of suspended sediment (SS), total nitrogen, total phosphorus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in overland flow to improve receiving water quality standards. Four and half kilograms of cowpat manure was applied to the model pasture 14 m beyond the edge of vegetated filter strip (VFS) comprising 10-m Napier grass draining into 20-m Kikuyu grass (VFS II), 10-m Kikuyu grass draining into 20-m Napier grass (VFS III) and native grass mixture of Couch-Buffel (VFS I-control). Overland flow water samples were collected from the sites at positions 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 m along the length of VFSs. E. coli removal by Napier grass VFS was on the order of log unit, which provided an important level of protection and reduced surface-flow concentrations of E. coli to below the 200 (CFU 100 mL(-1)) recommended water quality standards, but not for nutrients and SS. The Napier grass showed highest efficiency (99.6 %), thus outperforming both Kikuyu grass (85.8 %) and Couch-Buffel grasses VFS (67.9 ± 4.2 %) in removing E. coli from overland flow. The low-level efficiency of native Couch-Buffel grasses in reducing E. coli in overland flow was because of preferential flow. Composition and design of VFS was instrumental and could be applied with a high potential of contracting the uncertainty in improving water quality standards through mass reduction of SS, nutrients and E. coli load in watersheds.
28133624	0	11	Composition	T080	C0205556
28133624	16	22	design	T052	C1707689
28133624	26	50	vegetative filter strips	T082	C1254362
28133624	67	76	improving	T080	C1272745
28133624	77	90	water quality	T080	C0597680
28133624	94	108	mass reduction	T080	C0392756
28133624	112	130	suspended sediment	T167	C1550099
28133624	132	141	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28133624	146	162	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28133624	166	174	overland	T082	C1254362
28133624	175	180	flows	T070	C0597678
28133624	184	191	eastern	T082	C1707877
28133624	192	202	escarpment	T082	C1254362
28133624	206	216	Mau Forest	T083	C0017446
28133624	218	239	Njoro River Watershed	T083	C0017446
28133624	241	246	Kenya	T083	C0022558
28133624	252	257	study	T062	C2603343
28133624	258	266	assessed	T052	C1516048
28133624	271	277	effect	T080	C1280500
28133624	281	304	vegetative filter strip	T082	C1254362
28133624	306	309	VFS	T082	C1254362
28133624	314	321	removal	T052	C1883720
28133624	325	343	suspended sediment	T167	C1550099
28133624	345	347	SS	T167	C1550099
28133624	350	355	total	T080	C0439810
28133624	356	364	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28133624	366	371	total	T080	C0439810
28133624	372	382	phosphorus	T196	C0031705
28133624	387	403	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28133624	405	412	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28133624	417	425	overland	T082	C1254362
28133624	426	430	flow	T070	C0597678
28133624	434	441	improve	T080	C1272745
28133624	452	465	water quality	T080	C0597680
28133624	466	475	standards	T081	C0034925
28133624	491	500	kilograms	T081	C0439209
28133624	504	517	cowpat manure	T167	C0024765
28133624	537	550	model pasture	T082	C1254362
28133624	575	597	vegetated filter strip	T082	C1254362
28133624	599	602	VFS	T082	C1254362
28133624	620	632	Napier grass	T002	C0331553
28133624	652	664	Kikuyu grass	T002	C0331552
28133624	666	669	VFS	T082	C1254362
28133624	680	692	Kikuyu grass	T002	C0331552
28133624	712	724	Napier grass	T002	C0331553
28133624	726	729	VFS	T082	C1254362
28133624	739	745	native	T169	C0302891
28133624	746	759	grass mixture	T002	C0440302
28133624	763	775	Couch-Buffel	T002	C0032098
28133624	777	780	VFS	T082	C1254362
28133624	793	801	Overland	T082	C1254362
28133624	802	806	flow	T070	C0597678
28133624	807	812	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28133624	813	820	samples	T167	C0370003
28133624	826	835	collected	T169	C1516698
28133624	845	850	sites	T082	C0205145
28133624	943	947	VFSs	T082	C1254362
28133624	949	956	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28133624	968	980	Napier grass	T002	C0331553
28133624	981	984	VFS	T082	C1254362
28133624	1033	1048	important level	T080	C0441889
28133624	1052	1062	protection	T033	C1545588
28133624	1067	1074	reduced	T080	C0392756
28133624	1075	1087	surface-flow	T070	C0597678
28133624	1088	1102	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28133624	1106	1113	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28133624	1132	1135	CFU	T081	C0553561
28133624	1148	1159	recommended	T078	C0034866
28133624	1160	1173	water quality	T080	C0597680
28133624	1174	1183	standards	T081	C0034925
28133624	1197	1206	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28133624	1211	1213	SS	T167	C1550099
28133624	1219	1231	Napier grass	T002	C0331553
28133624	1239	1257	highest efficiency	T081	C0013682
28133624	1292	1304	Kikuyu grass	T002	C0331552
28133624	1318	1338	Couch-Buffel grasses	T002	C0032098
28133624	1339	1342	VFS	T082	C1254362
28133624	1370	1377	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28133624	1383	1391	overland	T082	C1254362
28133624	1392	1396	flow	T070	C0597678
28133624	1402	1422	low-level efficiency	T081	C0013682
28133624	1426	1432	native	T169	C0302891
28133624	1433	1453	Couch-Buffel grasses	T002	C0032098
28133624	1457	1465	reducing	T080	C0392756
28133624	1466	1473	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28133624	1477	1485	overland	T082	C1254362
28133624	1486	1490	flow	T070	C0597678
28133624	1519	1523	flow	T070	C0597678
28133624	1525	1536	Composition	T080	C0205556
28133624	1541	1547	design	T052	C1707689
28133624	1551	1554	VFS	T082	C1254362
28133624	1559	1571	instrumental	T081	C1704339
28133624	1600	1614	high potential	T080	C3245505
28133624	1634	1645	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28133624	1649	1658	improving	T080	C1272745
28133624	1659	1672	water quality	T080	C0597680
28133624	1673	1682	standards	T081	C0034925
28133624	1691	1705	mass reduction	T080	C0392756
28133624	1709	1711	SS	T167	C1550099
28133624	1713	1722	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28133624	1727	1734	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28133624	1743	1753	watersheds	T082	C1254362

28133644|t|Aggressive periodontitis: The unsolved mystery
28133644|a|Aggressive periodontal disease is an oral health mystery. Our current understanding of this disease is that specific bacteria invade the oral cavity and the host reacts with an inflammatory response leading to mass destruction of the alveolar bone. Aggressive periodontal disease is typically observed in a population under the age of 30 and occurs so rapidly that it is difficult to treat. Unfortunately, the consequence of this disease frequently involves tooth extractions. As a result, the aftermath is chewing disability and damage to self-esteem due to an altered self-image. Furthermore, patients are encumbered by frequent dental appointments which have an economic impact in regards to both personal financial strain and absent days in the workplace. Aggressive periodontal disease has a tremendous effect on patients ' overall quality of life and needs to be investigated more extensively in order to develop methods for earlier definitive diagnosis and effective treatments. One of the mysteries of aggressive periodontal disease is the relatively nominal amount of plaque present on the tooth surface in relation to the large amount of bone loss. There seems to be a hidden factor that lies between the response by the patient's immune system and the bacterial threat that is present. A better mechanistic understanding of this disease is essential to provide meaningful care and better outcomes for patients.
28133644	0	24	Aggressive periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28133644	39	46	mystery	T033	C0243095
28133644	47	77	Aggressive periodontal disease	T047	C0031099
28133644	84	95	oral health	T058	C0029162
28133644	96	103	mystery	T033	C0243095
28133644	139	146	disease	T047	C0031099
28133644	155	172	specific bacteria	T007	C0004611
28133644	173	179	invade	T080	C0205556
28133644	184	195	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
28133644	204	208	host	T001	C1167395
28133644	209	215	reacts	T169	C0443286
28133644	224	236	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28133644	237	245	response	T032	C0871261
28133644	257	273	mass destruction	T052	C1948029
28133644	281	294	alveolar bone	T061	C0176404
28133644	296	326	Aggressive periodontal disease	T047	C0031099
28133644	354	364	population	T098	C1257890
28133644	375	378	age	T032	C0001779
28133644	399	406	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28133644	418	427	difficult	T080	C0332218
28133644	431	436	treat	T061	C0087111
28133644	457	471	consequence of	T169	C0686907
28133644	477	484	disease	T047	C0031099
28133644	485	495	frequently	T079	C0332183
28133644	505	522	tooth extractions	T061	C0040440
28133644	529	535	result	T169	C1274040
28133644	554	561	chewing	T042	C0024888
28133644	562	572	disability	T033	C0231170
28133644	577	583	damage	T169	C1883709
28133644	587	598	self-esteem	T041	C0036597
28133644	609	616	altered	T169	C0392747
28133644	617	627	self-image	T041	C0242498
28133644	642	650	patients	T101	C0030705
28133644	669	677	frequent	T079	C0332183
28133644	678	697	dental appointments	T079	C0003629
28133644	712	727	economic impact	T081	C0681024
28133644	756	772	financial strain	T033	C2020675
28133644	777	783	absent	T169	C0332197
28133644	784	788	days	T079	C0439228
28133644	796	805	workplace	T082	C0162579
28133644	807	837	Aggressive periodontal disease	T047	C0031099
28133644	844	861	tremendous effect	T080	C1280500
28133644	865	873	patients	T101	C0030705
28133644	876	883	overall	T080	C1561607
28133644	884	899	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28133644	916	928	investigated	T169	C1292732
28133644	966	973	methods	T170	C0025663
28133644	978	985	earlier	T079	C1279919
28133644	986	1006	definitive diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28133644	1011	1020	effective	T080	C1704419
28133644	1021	1031	treatments	T061	C0087111
28133644	1044	1053	mysteries	T033	C0243095
28133644	1057	1087	aggressive periodontal disease	T047	C0031099
28133644	1124	1130	plaque	T047	C0011389
28133644	1146	1159	tooth surface	T029	C0447301
28133644	1179	1191	large amount	T081	C1265611
28133644	1195	1204	bone loss	T047	C0029453
28133644	1226	1239	hidden factor	T169	C1521761
28133644	1262	1270	response	T032	C0871261
28133644	1278	1287	patient's	T101	C0030705
28133644	1288	1301	immune system	T022	C0020962
28133644	1310	1319	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28133644	1320	1326	threat	T078	C0749385
28133644	1335	1342	present	T033	C0150312
28133644	1365	1378	understanding	T041	C0162340
28133644	1387	1394	disease	T047	C0031099
28133644	1398	1407	essential	T080	C0205224
28133644	1411	1418	provide	T052	C1999230
28133644	1419	1434	meaningful care	T052	C1947933
28133644	1439	1454	better outcomes	T169	C1274040
28133644	1459	1467	patients	T101	C0030705

28134011|t|Noteworthy Literature Published in 2016 for Thoracic Surgery
28134011|a|The past year has produced several important articles in the field of thoracic surgery, spanning many different diseases. Thoracic surgeons continue to investigate methods to perform complex operations and procedures less invasively, with the least possible morbidity to our patients. We also continue to critically evaluate new technology and procedures to ensure that they meet our rigorous standards for oncologic efficacy and for management of benign disease. Importantly, as we continue to evolve, thoracic surgeons have remained focused on optimizing processes of care, both inside and outside the operating room. The purpose of this review is to highlight the major advances in thoracic surgical disease in the year 2016.
28134011	11	21	Literature	T170	C0023866
28134011	44	60	Thoracic Surgery	T091	C0039986
28134011	122	147	field of thoracic surgery	T091	C0039986
28134011	173	181	diseases	T047	C0012634
28134011	183	200	Thoracic surgeons	T097	C0278626
28134011	213	224	investigate	T169	C1292732
28134011	244	251	complex	T080	C0439855
28134011	252	262	operations	T169	C0038895
28134011	267	277	procedures	T061	C0543467
28134011	319	328	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28134011	336	344	patients	T101	C0030705
28134011	377	385	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28134011	390	400	technology	T090	C0039421
28134011	405	415	procedures	T061	C0543467
28134011	468	477	oncologic	T091	C0205478
28134011	478	486	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28134011	495	505	management	T058	C0376636
28134011	509	523	benign disease	T191	C0086692
28134011	564	581	thoracic surgeons	T097	C0278626
28134011	607	617	optimizing	T052	C2698650
28134011	631	635	care	T052	C1947933
28134011	642	648	inside	T082	C0205102
28134011	653	660	outside	T082	C0205101
28134011	665	679	operating room	T073,T093	C0029064
28134011	746	763	thoracic surgical	T061	C0524832
28134011	764	771	disease	T047	C0012634

28134415|t|A primer on intraosseous access: History, clinical considerations, and current devices
28134415|a|Intraosseous (IO) access is a method recommended by the American Heart Association and the European Resuscitation Council to administer resuscitative drugs and fluids when intravenous (IV) access cannot be rapidly or easily obtained. Many clinicians have limited knowledge or experience with the IO route. The purpose of this review was to provide the reader with a succinct review of the history, clinical considerations, and devices associated with IO access. Narrative review. University-based academic research cell. Not applicable. Not applicable. IO access is a lifesaving bridge to definitive vascular access that may be considered when an IV cannot be rapidly attained and the patient's outcome may be negatively affected without prompt circulatory access. The IO route has few contraindications for use and a low rate of serious complications. Multiple manual and powered devices that may be placed in several anatomic sites are commercially available. All clinicians who provide acute care or respond to cardiovascular emergencies should obtain training and maintain proficiency in placing and using IO devices as the IO route is recommended by the major resuscitation organizations as the preferred route of infusion when rapid, reliable IV access is unavailable.
28134415	12	31	intraosseous access	T169	C0595613
28134415	33	40	History	T033	C2004062
28134415	42	65	clinical considerations	T033	C0427350
28134415	71	86	current devices	T074	C0025080
28134415	87	111	Intraosseous (IO) access	T169	C0595613
28134415	117	123	method	T170	C0025663
28134415	143	169	American Heart Association	T093	C0002458
28134415	178	208	European Resuscitation Council	T093	C1708333
28134415	212	222	administer	T169	C1621583
28134415	223	242	resuscitative drugs	T121	C1254351
28134415	247	253	fluids	T167	C1704353
28134415	259	282	intravenous (IV) access	T082	C0013125
28134415	326	336	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28134415	342	359	limited knowledge	T170	C0376554
28134415	363	373	experience	T041	C0596545
28134415	383	391	IO route	T169	C0595613
28134415	413	419	review	T170	C0282443
28134415	453	468	succinct review	T170	C0282443
28134415	476	483	history	T033	C2004062
28134415	485	508	clinical considerations	T033	C0427350
28134415	514	521	devices	T074	C0025080
28134415	522	537	associated with	T080	C0332281
28134415	538	547	IO access	T169	C0595613
28134415	640	649	IO access	T169	C0595613
28134415	640	649	IO access	T169	C0595613
28134415	655	672	lifesaving bridge	T078	C1254370
28134415	676	702	definitive vascular access	T074	C0750138
28134415	734	736	IV	T082	C0348016
28134415	772	789	patient's outcome	T078	C1547647
28134415	797	816	negatively affected	T033	C0233467
28134415	825	850	prompt circulatory access	T082	C0444454
28134415	856	864	IO route	T169	C0595613
28134415	873	890	contraindications	T080	C0522473
28134415	917	938	serious complications	T046	C0009566
28134415	949	955	manual	T169	C0175674
28134415	960	975	powered devices	T074	C0025080
28134415	998	1020	several anatomic sites	T082	C1513749
28134415	1053	1063	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28134415	1076	1086	acute care	T058	C0679878
28134415	1101	1115	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28134415	1116	1127	emergencies	T046	C2745965
28134415	1142	1150	training	T065	C0220931
28134415	1164	1175	proficiency	T080	C0205556
28134415	1197	1199	IO	T169	C0595613
28134415	1200	1207	devices	T074	C0025080
28134415	1215	1223	IO route	T169	C0595613
28134415	1252	1279	resuscitation organizations	T093	C1708333
28134415	1287	1314	preferred route of infusion	T169	C1827465
28134415	1336	1345	IV access	T082	C0013125

28134554|t|VA eScreening program: Technology to improve care for post-9/11 veterans
28134554|a|The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) provides health care services to a growing number of veterans. There is ample support for the use of technology-based self-screening to support health care delivery. We developed the VA eScreening program for veterans to directly provide self-report mental and physical health information through a veteran-facing portal that communicates with the electronic medical records system. A total of 1,372 newly enrolling veterans in 2 cohorts participated in a study to assess veteran satisfaction, determine accessibility and clinical processes, measure screening differences, and examine connection to care between eScreening and paper screening. Veterans who completed eScreening were slightly more satisfied with screening than those who completed paper screening. Accessibility, rate of screening completion, and clinical processes were significantly better with eScreening than paper screening. Except for higher alcohol use in the paper-based cohort, veterans who completed paper and eScreening were similar in the rates of positive health screens. Connection to VA services, rate and speed of vesting in the health care system, and time to document required suicide risk assessments were better with the VA eScreening program than paper screening. The VA eScreening program is a unique and promising tool that may leverage limited resources to improve screening and care for veterans. (PsycINFO Database Record
28134554	0	21	VA eScreening program	T170	C0282574
28134554	23	33	Technology	T058	C0752189
28134554	45	49	care	T033	C0580931
28134554	54	72	post-9/11 veterans	T098	C0042610
28134554	77	107	Veterans Health Administration	T057	C0178672
28134554	109	112	VHA	T057	C0178672
28134554	123	143	health care services	T058	C0018747
28134554	167	175	veterans	T098	C0042610
28134554	215	246	technology-based self-screening	T058	C1254363
28134554	250	257	support	T054	C0037438
28134554	258	278	health care delivery	T058	C0011211
28134554	297	318	VA eScreening program	T170	C0282574
28134554	323	331	veterans	T098	C0042610
28134554	352	363	self-report	T170	C0684224
28134554	364	370	mental	T041	C0025353
28134554	375	390	physical health	T033	C0517226
28134554	391	402	information	T058	C0850397
28134554	413	434	veteran-facing portal	T170	C2349146
28134554	462	495	electronic medical records system	T170	C2362543
28134554	530	538	veterans	T098	C0042610
28134554	544	551	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28134554	579	585	assess	T058	C0184514
28134554	586	593	veteran	T098	C0042610
28134554	594	606	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28134554	618	631	accessibility	T080	C0018748
28134554	636	644	clinical	T080	C0205210
28134554	645	654	processes	T067	C1522240
28134554	664	673	screening	T058	C1710032
28134554	674	685	differences	T080	C1705242
28134554	713	717	care	T033	C0580931
28134554	726	736	eScreening	T058	C1710032
28134554	741	756	paper screening	T058	C1710032
28134554	758	766	Veterans	T098	C0042610
28134554	781	791	eScreening	T058	C1710032
28134554	826	835	screening	T058	C1710032
28134554	861	876	paper screening	T058	C1710032
28134554	878	891	Accessibility	T080	C0018748
28134554	893	921	rate of screening completion	T081	C0392762
28134554	927	935	clinical	T080	C0205210
28134554	936	945	processes	T067	C1522240
28134554	977	987	eScreening	T058	C1710032
28134554	993	1008	paper screening	T058	C1710032
28134554	1028	1039	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
28134554	1047	1065	paper-based cohort	T098	C0599755
28134554	1067	1075	veterans	T098	C0042610
28134554	1090	1095	paper	T058	C1710032
28134554	1100	1110	eScreening	T058	C1710032
28134554	1131	1136	rates	T081	C1521828
28134554	1140	1148	positive	T033	C1446409
28134554	1149	1163	health screens	T058	C0220908
28134554	1179	1190	VA services	T058	C0018747
28134554	1192	1196	rate	T081	C1521828
28134554	1201	1206	speed	T080	C0456962
28134554	1225	1243	health care system	T093	C0018696
28134554	1249	1253	time	T079	C0040223
28134554	1257	1265	document	T058	C0175636
28134554	1275	1299	suicide risk assessments	T058	C0558000
28134554	1321	1342	VA eScreening program	T170	C0282574
28134554	1348	1363	paper screening	T058	C1710032
28134554	1369	1390	VA eScreening program	T170	C0282574
28134554	1417	1421	tool	T170	C0037589
28134554	1440	1447	limited	T169	C0439801
28134554	1448	1457	resources	T078	C0018741
28134554	1469	1478	screening	T058	C1710032
28134554	1483	1487	care	T033	C0580931
28134554	1492	1500	veterans	T098	C0042610

28134776|t|Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Tissue Repair
28134776|a|Bioactive polymeric materials based on calcium phosphates have tremendous appeal for hard tissue repair because of their well-documented biocompatibility. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-based ones additionally protect against unwanted demineralization and actively support regeneration of hard tissue minerals. Our group has been investigating the structure / composition / property relationships of ACP polymeric composites for the last two decades. Here, we present ACP's dispersion in a polymer matrix and the fine-tuning of the resin affects the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of ACP polymeric composites. These studies illustrate how the filler / resin interface and monomer / polymer molecular structure affect the material's critical properties, such as ion release and mechanical strength. We also present evidence of the remineralization efficacy of ACP composites when exposed to accelerated acidic challenges representative of oral environment conditions. The utility of ACP has recently been extended to include airbrushing as a platform technology for fabrication of nanofiber scaffolds. These studies, focused on assessing the feasibility of incorporating ACP into various polymer fibers, also included the release kinetics of bioactive calcium and phosphate ions from nanofibers and evaluate the biorelevance of the polymeric ACP fiber networks. We also discuss the potential for future integration of the existing ACP scaffolds into therapeutic delivery systems used in the precision medicine field.
28134776	0	29	Bioactive Polymeric Materials	T104,T122	C0032521
28134776	34	47	Tissue Repair	T061	C3517971
28134776	48	77	Bioactive polymeric materials	T104,T122	C0032521
28134776	87	105	calcium phosphates	T121,T197	C0006712
28134776	133	151	hard tissue repair	T061	C3517971
28134776	185	201	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28134776	203	230	Amorphous calcium phosphate	T197	C1956739
28134776	232	235	ACP	T197	C1956739
28134776	261	268	protect	T033	C1545588
28134776	269	276	against	T080	C0521124
28134776	277	285	unwanted	T033	C0243095
28134776	286	302	demineralization	T046	C0700185
28134776	324	336	regeneration	T042	C0034963
28134776	340	351	hard tissue	T024	C0040300
28134776	352	360	minerals	T197	C0026162
28134776	366	371	group	T078	C0441833
28134776	381	394	investigating	T169	C1292732
28134776	399	408	structure	T085	C0026383
28134776	411	422	composition	T070	C0243176
28134776	425	433	property	T080	C0871161
28134776	434	447	relationships	T080	C0439849
28134776	451	454	ACP	T197	C1956739
28134776	455	464	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
28134776	465	475	composites	T122	C0009570
28134776	493	500	decades	T081	C2981279
28134776	519	524	ACP's	T197	C1956739
28134776	525	535	dispersion	T082	C0332624
28134776	541	555	polymer matrix	T104,T122	C0032521
28134776	583	588	resin	T122	C0009570
28134776	601	616	physicochemical	T070	C2350461
28134776	618	628	mechanical	T070	C2350455
28134776	634	644	biological	T070	C0005520
28134776	645	655	properties	T080	C0871161
28134776	659	662	ACP	T197	C1956739
28134776	663	672	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
28134776	673	683	composites	T080	C0205199
28134776	718	724	filler	T073	C0729441
28134776	727	732	resin	T122	C0009570
28134776	747	754	monomer	T104	C0596973
28134776	757	764	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28134776	765	784	molecular structure	T085	C0026383
28134776	796	806	material's	T167	C0520510
28134776	807	815	critical	T080	C1511545
28134776	816	826	properties	T080	C0871161
28134776	836	839	ion	T196	C0022023
28134776	840	847	release	T169	C1283071
28134776	852	871	mechanical strength	T078	C0808080
28134776	889	897	evidence	T078	C3887511
28134776	905	921	remineralization	T061	C1711362
28134776	922	930	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28134776	934	937	ACP	T197	C1956739
28134776	938	948	composites	T122	C0009570
28134776	954	964	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28134776	965	976	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28134776	977	983	acidic	T103	C0001128
28134776	984	994	challenges	T080	C0348080
28134776	995	1009	representative	T052	C1882932
28134776	1013	1017	oral	T082	C0442027
28134776	1018	1029	environment	T082	C0014406
28134776	1030	1040	conditions	T080	C0348080
28134776	1046	1056	utility of	T169	C1524063
28134776	1057	1060	ACP	T197	C1956739
28134776	1079	1087	extended	T082	C0231449
28134776	1099	1110	airbrushing	T074	C0492870
28134776	1116	1135	platform technology	T075	C1710360
28134776	1140	1151	fabrication	T067	C1254366
28134776	1155	1164	nanofiber	T073	C1881960
28134776	1165	1174	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28134776	1245	1248	ACP	T197	C1956739
28134776	1262	1276	polymer fibers	T104,T122	C0032521
28134776	1296	1303	release	T169	C1283071
28134776	1304	1312	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28134776	1316	1325	bioactive	T167	C3714412
28134776	1326	1333	calcium	T121,T196	C0596235
28134776	1338	1352	phosphate ions	T121,T197	C1601799
28134776	1338	1352	phosphate ions	T121,T197	C1601799
28134776	1358	1368	nanofibers	T073	C1881960
28134776	1406	1415	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
28134776	1416	1419	ACP	T197	C1956739
28134776	1420	1434	fiber networks	T169	C1882071
28134776	1456	1465	potential	T080	C3245505
28134776	1470	1476	future	T079	C0016884
28134776	1496	1504	existing	T077	C2987476
28134776	1505	1508	ACP	T197	C1956739
28134776	1509	1518	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28134776	1524	1535	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28134776	1536	1552	delivery systems	T169	C0449914
28134776	1565	1574	precision	T080	C1706245
28134776	1575	1589	medicine field	T091	C0025118

28135040|t|Lipid levels and risk of recurrent venous thrombosis: results from the MEGA follow-up study
28135040|a|Essentials The role of lipid levels in the risk of recurrent venous thrombosis is unclear. Lipids were assessed in patients with a first venous thrombosis (n = 2106) followed for 6.9 years. Lipids were not associated with recurrence, overall or in patients with unprovoked first events. Testing lipid levels is not useful to identify patients at an increased risk of recurrence. Background Knowledge of risk factors for recurrent venous thrombosis may guide decisions on duration of anticoagulation. The association between lipid levels and first venous thrombosis has been studied extensively. However, data on the role of lipids in the risk of recurrence are scarce. Objective To assess the association between lipid levels and recurrent venous thrombosis. Patients /Methods Patients with a first venous thrombosis from the MEGA study were included. Follow-up started at the date of end of anticoagulant treatment. Percentile categories of total / low-density lipoprotein / high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoproteins B and A1 were established (< 10th, 10th-25th, 25th-75th [reference], 75th-90th, > 90th percentile). Lipids were measured at least 3 months after discontinuing anticoagulation. Results Of 2106 patients followed for a median of 6.9 years, 326 developed recurrence (incidence rate, 2.7/100 patient - years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-3.1). With hazard ratios ranging from 0.88 (95% CI, 0.55-1.42) to 1.33 (95% CI, 0.86-2.04) in the highest percentile category vs. the reference, we found no association across percentile categories between recurrence and lipid levels in age- and sex -adjusted models, nor after further adjustments for body mass index, diabetes, estrogen and statin use, and duration of anticoagulation. Subgroup analyses stratified by unprovoked or provoked first events, location (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) and sex also did not reveal an association with any of the lipid levels studied. Conclusions Testing lipid levels did not identify patients at an increased risk of recurrent venous thrombosis in this study, including those with unprovoked first events, and these should not influence decisions on duration of anticoagulation.
28135040	0	12	Lipid levels	T059	C0523744
28135040	17	21	risk	T078	C0035647
28135040	25	52	recurrent venous thrombosis	T046	C1735901
28135040	54	61	results	T169	C1274040
28135040	71	91	MEGA follow-up study	T062	C0016441
28135040	115	127	lipid levels	T059	C0523744
28135040	135	139	risk	T078	C0035647
28135040	143	170	recurrent venous thrombosis	T046	C1735901
28135040	174	181	unclear	T033	C3845108
28135040	183	189	Lipids	T109	C0023779
28135040	195	203	assessed	T052	C1516048
28135040	207	215	patients	T101	C0030705
28135040	229	246	venous thrombosis	T046	C0042487
28135040	258	266	followed	T079	C0332283
28135040	275	280	years	T079	C0439234
28135040	282	288	Lipids	T109	C0023779
28135040	298	313	associated with	T080	C0332281
28135040	314	324	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28135040	340	348	patients	T101	C0030705
28135040	371	377	events	T051	C0441471
28135040	379	399	Testing lipid levels	T059	C0523744
28135040	407	413	useful	T080	C3827682
28135040	417	425	identify	T080	C0205396
28135040	426	434	patients	T101	C0030705
28135040	441	450	increased	T081	C0205217
28135040	451	455	risk	T078	C0035647
28135040	459	469	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28135040	495	507	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28135040	512	539	recurrent venous thrombosis	T046	C1735901
28135040	563	571	duration	T079	C0449238
28135040	575	590	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
28135040	596	607	association	T080	C0439849
28135040	616	628	lipid levels	T059	C0523744
28135040	639	656	venous thrombosis	T046	C0042487
28135040	696	700	data	T078	C1511726
28135040	716	722	lipids	T109	C0023779
28135040	730	734	risk	T078	C0035647
28135040	738	748	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28135040	774	780	assess	T052	C1516048
28135040	785	796	association	T080	C0439849
28135040	805	817	lipid levels	T059	C0523744
28135040	822	849	recurrent venous thrombosis	T046	C1735901
28135040	851	859	Patients	T101	C0030705
28135040	869	877	Patients	T101	C0030705
28135040	891	908	venous thrombosis	T046	C0042487
28135040	918	928	MEGA study	T062	C0016441
28135040	934	942	included	T169	C0332257
28135040	944	953	Follow-up	T058	C1522577
28135040	954	961	started	T080	C1272689
28135040	969	973	date	T079	C0011008
28135040	977	980	end	T082	C0444930
28135040	984	1007	anticoagulant treatment	T061	C0150457
28135040	1009	1019	Percentile	T081	C1264641
28135040	1020	1030	categories	T170	C0683312
28135040	1034	1039	total	T109	C0543421
28135040	1042	1065	low-density lipoprotein	T109,T123	C0023824
28135040	1068	1104	high-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
28135040	1106	1119	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28135040	1124	1141	apolipoproteins B	T116,T123	C0003593
28135040	1146	1148	A1	T116,T123	C0085201
28135040	1154	1165	established	T080	C0443211
28135040	1197	1206	reference	T081	C0034925
28135040	1227	1237	percentile	T081	C1264641
28135040	1240	1246	Lipids	T109	C0023779
28135040	1252	1260	measured	T080	C0444706
28135040	1272	1278	months	T079	C0439231
28135040	1285	1298	discontinuing	T033	C1444662
28135040	1299	1314	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
28135040	1316	1323	Results	T169	C1274040
28135040	1332	1340	patients	T101	C0030705
28135040	1370	1375	years	T079	C0439234
28135040	1391	1401	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28135040	1403	1417	incidence rate	T081	C1708485
28135040	1427	1434	patient	T101	C0030705
28135040	1437	1442	years	T079	C0439234
28135040	1448	1467	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28135040	1469	1471	CI	T081	C0009667
28135040	1489	1502	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
28135040	1503	1510	ranging	T081	C1514721
28135040	1526	1528	CI	T081	C0009667
28135040	1554	1556	CI	T081	C0009667
28135040	1584	1594	percentile	T081	C1264641
28135040	1595	1603	category	T170	C0683312
28135040	1612	1621	reference	T081	C0034925
28135040	1635	1646	association	T080	C0439849
28135040	1654	1664	percentile	T081	C1264641
28135040	1665	1675	categories	T170	C0683312
28135040	1684	1694	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28135040	1699	1711	lipid levels	T059	C0523744
28135040	1715	1719	age-	T032	C0001779
28135040	1724	1727	sex	T032	C0079399
28135040	1738	1744	models	T075	C0026339
28135040	1756	1763	further	T082	C1517331
28135040	1764	1775	adjustments	T169	C0456081
28135040	1780	1795	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28135040	1797	1805	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28135040	1807	1815	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28135040	1820	1826	statin	T109,T121	C0360714
28135040	1827	1830	use	T169	C0457083
28135040	1836	1844	duration	T079	C0449238
28135040	1848	1863	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
28135040	1865	1873	Subgroup	T185	C1515021
28135040	1874	1882	analyses	T062	C0936012
28135040	1883	1893	stratified	T080	C0205363
28135040	1911	1919	provoked	T080	C1444748
28135040	1926	1932	events	T051	C0441471
28135040	1934	1942	location	T082	C0450429
28135040	1944	1964	deep vein thrombosis	T047	C0149871
28135040	1968	1986	pulmonary embolism	T047	C0034065
28135040	1992	1995	sex	T032	C0079399
28135040	2009	2015	reveal	T080	C0443289
28135040	2019	2030	association	T080	C0439849
28135040	2047	2059	lipid levels	T059	C0523744
28135040	2081	2101	Testing lipid levels	T059	C0523744
28135040	2110	2118	identify	T080	C0205396
28135040	2119	2127	patients	T101	C0030705
28135040	2134	2143	increased	T081	C0205217
28135040	2144	2148	risk	T078	C0035647
28135040	2152	2179	recurrent venous thrombosis	T046	C1735901
28135040	2188	2193	study	T062	C2603343
28135040	2233	2239	events	T051	C0441471
28135040	2262	2271	influence	T077	C4054723
28135040	2285	2293	duration	T079	C0449238
28135040	2297	2312	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281

28135569|t|C-5a-substituted validamine type glycosidase inhibitors
28135569|a|A series of N-alkyl derivatives of the D-galactosidase inhibitor 1,4-di-epi-validamine featuring lipophilic substituents at position C-5a was prepared and screened for their glycosidase inhibitory properties. Products turned out selective for β-galactosidases as well as β-glucosidases.
28135569	0	32	C-5a-substituted validamine type	T109	C0084937
28135569	33	55	glycosidase inhibitors	T116,T126	C1960098
28135569	68	87	N-alkyl derivatives	T121	C1254351
28135569	95	110	D-galactosidase	T116,T121,T126	C0005220
28135569	111	120	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28135569	121	142	1,4-di-epi-validamine	T121	C1254351
28135569	153	163	lipophilic	T081	C0598631
28135569	164	193	substituents at position C-5a	T104	C1254350
28135569	211	219	screened	T059	C0373483
28135569	230	241	glycosidase	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
28135569	242	263	inhibitory properties	T039	C1524081
28135569	265	273	Products	T071	C1514468
28135569	299	315	β-galactosidases	T116,T121,T126	C0005220
28135569	327	341	β-glucosidases	T116,T126	C1260223

28135680|t|Biofunctional polyethylene glycol coatings on titanium: An in vitro -based comparison of functionalization methods
28135680|a|Three methods for the production of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) coatings on titanium are compared, i.e. plasma polymerization, electrodeposition and silanization. The compared deposition methods presented similar wettability (hydrophilic coatings), chemical composition assessed by XPS and thickness around 1nm. The coatings lowered albumin adsorption and presented a decreased fibroblast, Streptococcus sanguinis and Lactobacillus salivarius adhesion. Immobilization of a cell adhesion peptide (RGD) presented a higher fibroblast adhesion and no alteration of the bacterial adhesion, giving three methods for the biofunctionalization of titanium for dental implants. The feasibility of each methodology is compared in terms of the process parameters in order to provide a guide for the election of the methodology.
28135680	0	13	Biofunctional	T169	C0205245
28135680	14	33	polyethylene glycol	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
28135680	34	42	coatings	T080	C1522408
28135680	46	54	titanium	T196	C0040302
28135680	59	67	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28135680	75	85	comparison	T052	C1707455
28135680	89	106	functionalization	T169	C0205245
28135680	107	114	methods	T170	C0025663
28135680	121	128	methods	T170	C0025663
28135680	137	147	production	T057	C0033268
28135680	151	170	Polyethylene glycol	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
28135680	172	175	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
28135680	177	185	coatings	T080	C1522408
28135680	189	197	titanium	T196	C0040302
28135680	202	210	compared	T052	C1707455
28135680	217	223	plasma	T031	C0032105
28135680	224	238	polymerization	T067	C0314672
28135680	240	257	electrodeposition	T070	C0013866
28135680	262	274	silanization	T067	C1254366
28135680	280	288	compared	T052	C1707455
28135680	289	299	deposition	T169	C0333562
28135680	300	307	methods	T170	C0025663
28135680	308	317	presented	T078	C0449450
28135680	318	325	similar	T080	C2348205
28135680	326	337	wettability	T080	C0162598
28135680	339	350	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28135680	351	359	coatings	T080	C1522408
28135680	362	382	chemical composition	T070	C0243176
28135680	383	391	assessed	T052	C1516048
28135680	395	398	XPS	T059	C2700282
28135680	403	412	thickness	T080	C1280412
28135680	429	437	coatings	T080	C1522408
28135680	438	445	lowered	T081	C1272755
28135680	446	453	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
28135680	454	464	adsorption	T059	C3826777
28135680	469	478	presented	T078	C0449450
28135680	481	490	decreased	T081	C0205216
28135680	491	501	fibroblast	T025	C0016030
28135680	503	526	Streptococcus sanguinis	T007	C0038412
28135680	531	555	Lactobacillus salivarius	T007	C0317593
28135680	556	564	adhesion	T040	C0004614
28135680	566	580	Immobilization	T061	C0020944
28135680	586	607	cell adhesion peptide	T116,T123	C0007578
28135680	609	612	RGD	T116,T123	C0052350
28135680	614	623	presented	T078	C0449450
28135680	633	643	fibroblast	T025	C0016030
28135680	644	652	adhesion	T043	C0007577
28135680	660	670	alteration	T078	C1515926
28135680	678	696	bacterial adhesion	T040	C0004614
28135680	711	718	methods	T170	C0025663
28135680	727	747	biofunctionalization	T169	C0205245
28135680	751	759	titanium	T196	C0040302
28135680	764	779	dental implants	T074	C0376511
28135680	785	796	feasibility	T080	C0443348
28135680	805	816	methodology	T078	C3266812
28135680	820	828	compared	T052	C1707455
28135680	845	852	process	T067	C1522240
28135680	853	863	parameters	T077	C0549193
28135680	876	883	provide	T052	C1999230
28135680	900	908	election	T052	C1707391
28135680	916	927	methodology	T078	C3266812

28135997|t|Exposure to suicidal behaviors: A common suicide risk factor or a personal negative life event?
28135997|a|Numerous suicide risk factors have been proposed but not adequately validated for epidemiology, treatment and prevention efforts. Exposures to suicidal behaviors (ESB), from family and friend suicide attempts and completions, were tested for validity as a suicidal risk factor and also for measurement and construct adequacy. An anonymous online survey yielded 713 participants (aged 18-71), who reported ESB, completed the Suicidal Affect-Behavior-Cognition Scale (SABCS), and comprised a broad spectrum on those variables. Tests of dimensionality and internal consistency showed the four ESB variables (attempts / completions through family / friends) were independent and did not form a common factor or an identifiable ESB latent trait. ESB variables were, however, associated with demographic and psychiatric histories. A battery of tests revealed no meaningful associations between ESB and total suicidality or suicide risk factors (social support, depression, anxiety, stress, satisfaction with life and emotional stability). In addition, in contrast to previous reports, young adults (n = 200; aged 18-20) showed no increased suicidality due to ESB. Results showed no validity for ESB as a common risk factor for suicidality or other psychopathology, or as a latent trait. ESB showed evidence as a personal negative life event with individual effects and interpretations.
28135997	0	30	Exposure to suicidal behaviors	T033	C1760428
28135997	41	48	suicide	T033	C0038661
28135997	49	60	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28135997	66	74	personal	T032	C1519021
28135997	75	94	negative life event	T033	C1822593
28135997	96	104	Numerous	T081	C0439064
28135997	105	112	suicide	T033	C0038661
28135997	113	125	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28135997	164	190	validated for epidemiology	T080	C0042283
28135997	192	201	treatment	T061	C0087111
28135997	206	224	prevention efforts	T080	C2700409
28135997	226	257	Exposures to suicidal behaviors	T033	C1760428
28135997	259	262	ESB	T033	C1760428
28135997	270	276	family	T099	C0015576
28135997	281	287	friend	T098	C0079382
28135997	288	304	suicide attempts	T033	C0038663
28135997	309	320	completions	T033	C0038661
28135997	338	346	validity	T080	C0042283
28135997	352	360	suicidal	T033	C0038661
28135997	361	372	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28135997	386	397	measurement	T169	C0242485
28135997	412	420	adequacy	T080	C0814633
28135997	425	434	anonymous	T080	C2346787
28135997	435	441	online	T073,T170	C0029038
28135997	442	448	survey	T170	C0038951
28135997	461	473	participants	T098	C0679646
28135997	475	479	aged	T032	C0001779
28135997	501	504	ESB	T033	C1760428
28135997	520	560	Suicidal Affect-Behavior-Cognition Scale	T170	C0282574
28135997	562	567	SABCS	T170	C0282574
28135997	610	619	variables	T080	C0439828
28135997	621	626	Tests	T170	C0392366
28135997	630	644	dimensionality	T082	C1707753
28135997	649	669	internal consistency	T081	C0870731
28135997	686	689	ESB	T033	C1760428
28135997	690	699	variables	T080	C0439828
28135997	701	709	attempts	T033	C0038663
28135997	712	723	completions	T033	C0038661
28135997	732	738	family	T099	C0015576
28135997	741	748	friends	T098	C0079382
28135997	755	766	independent	T169	C0332291
28135997	819	822	ESB	T033	C1760428
28135997	823	829	latent	T080	C0205275
28135997	830	835	trait	T032	C0599883
28135997	837	840	ESB	T033	C1760428
28135997	841	850	variables	T080	C0439828
28135997	882	893	demographic	T033	C0578829
28135997	898	919	psychiatric histories	T033	C0748059
28135997	934	939	tests	T170	C0392366
28135997	963	975	associations	T080	C0439849
28135997	984	987	ESB	T033	C1760428
28135997	998	1009	suicidality	T201	C3166387
28135997	1013	1020	suicide	T033	C0038661
28135997	1021	1033	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28135997	1035	1049	social support	T054	C0037438
28135997	1051	1061	depression	T048	C0011570
28135997	1063	1070	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28135997	1072	1078	stress	T033	C0038435
28135997	1080	1102	satisfaction with life	T080	C0392352
28135997	1107	1126	emotional stability	T041	C0237105
28135997	1166	1173	reports	T170	C0684224
28135997	1175	1187	young adults	T100	C0238598
28135997	1198	1202	aged	T032	C0001779
28135997	1220	1229	increased	T081	C0205217
28135997	1230	1241	suicidality	T201	C3166387
28135997	1249	1252	ESB	T033	C1760428
28135997	1254	1261	Results	T169	C1274040
28135997	1272	1280	validity	T080	C0042283
28135997	1285	1288	ESB	T033	C1760428
28135997	1301	1312	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28135997	1317	1328	suicidality	T201	C3166387
28135997	1338	1353	psychopathology	UnknownType	C0544667
28135997	1363	1369	latent	T080	C0205275
28135997	1370	1375	trait	T032	C0599883
28135997	1377	1380	ESB	T033	C1760428
28135997	1388	1396	evidence	T078	C3887511
28135997	1402	1410	personal	T032	C1519021
28135997	1411	1430	negative life event	T033	C1822593
28135997	1436	1446	individual	T098	C0237401
28135997	1447	1454	effects	T080	C1280500
28135997	1459	1474	interpretations	T170	C0459471

28137262|t|Direct anterior approach for total hip arthroplasty with a novel mobile traction table -a prospective cohort study
28137262|a|The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to clarify the safety and efficacy of total hip arthroplasty via the direct anterior approach in the supine position with a novel mobile traction table. The first experience of consecutive surgeries by a single surgeon using the direct anterior approach with a traction table is described with a two-year follow-up period. Of 121 patients, 100 patients without previous hip surgeries, severe deformity, or cemented implants were divided into two groups comprising the first 50 patients and the second 50 patients. The implant survival rate was 99% at the two-year follow-up. Revision surgery was required for periprosthetic femoral fracture in one patient. The complication rate possibly related to the traction table was 5% (5 patients): three anterior dislocations, one periprosthetic femoral fracture, and one intraoperative perforation caused by femoral rasping. The complication rate tended to decrease in the second group compared to the first group (4% versus 6%). Mean surgical time (72.0 minutes versus 82.5 min, p = 0.027), rate of allogeneic blood transfusion (2% versus 24%, p = 0.001), and cup alignment in the safe zone (100% versus 88%, p = 0.027) were significantly improved in the second group compared to the first group. The direct anterior approach with a novel mobile traction table showed a positive learning curve for surgical time, rate of allogeneic blood transfusion, and cup alignment in the safe zone.
28137262	0	24	Direct anterior approach	T082	C0205511
28137262	29	51	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28137262	65	86	mobile traction table	T074	C0183817
28137262	90	114	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
28137262	135	159	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
28137262	202	224	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28137262	233	257	direct anterior approach	T082	C0205511
28137262	265	280	supine position	T082	C0038846
28137262	294	315	mobile traction table	T074	C0183817
28137262	341	362	consecutive surgeries	T061	C0035110
28137262	368	382	single surgeon	T097	C0582175
28137262	393	417	direct anterior approach	T082	C0205511
28137262	425	439	traction table	T074	C0183817
28137262	469	478	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28137262	494	502	patients	T101	C0030705
28137262	508	516	patients	T101	C0030705
28137262	525	547	previous hip surgeries	T033	C3266738
28137262	549	565	severe deformity	T190	C0302142
28137262	570	587	cemented implants	T061	C0441496
28137262	610	616	groups	T078	C0441833
28137262	641	649	patients	T101	C0030705
28137262	668	676	patients	T101	C0030705
28137262	682	703	implant survival rate	T081	C0038954
28137262	728	737	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28137262	739	755	Revision surgery	T061	C0035110
28137262	773	787	periprosthetic	T037	C2609162
28137262	788	804	femoral fracture	T037	C0015802
28137262	812	819	patient	T101	C0030705
28137262	825	837	complication	T046	C0009566
28137262	838	842	rate	T081	C1521828
28137262	867	881	traction table	T074	C0183817
28137262	892	900	patients	T101	C0030705
28137262	909	930	anterior dislocations	T037	C1265658
28137262	936	950	periprosthetic	T037	C2609162
28137262	951	967	femoral fracture	T037	C0015802
28137262	977	1003	intraoperative perforation	T058	C0034117
28137262	1014	1029	femoral rasping	T037	C0015802
28137262	1035	1047	complication	T046	C0009566
28137262	1048	1052	rate	T081	C1521828
28137262	1063	1071	decrease	T081	C0547047
28137262	1086	1091	group	T078	C0441833
28137262	1136	1154	Mean surgical time	T079	C3494201
28137262	1198	1202	rate	T081	C1521828
28137262	1206	1234	allogeneic blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28137262	1267	1280	cup alignment	T033	C1821889
28137262	1288	1297	safe zone	T082	C1254362
28137262	1369	1374	group	T078	C0441833
28137262	1397	1402	group	T078	C0441833
28137262	1408	1432	direct anterior approach	T082	C0205511
28137262	1446	1467	mobile traction table	T074	C0183817
28137262	1477	1500	positive learning curve	T033	C0243095
28137262	1505	1518	surgical time	T079	C3494201
28137262	1520	1524	rate	T081	C1521828
28137262	1528	1556	allogeneic blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28137262	1562	1575	cup alignment	T033	C1821889
28137262	1583	1592	safe zone	T082	C1254362

28137449|t|The binding orientations of structurally -related ligands can differ; A cautionary note
28137449|a|Crystal structures can identify ligand-receptor interactions and assist the development of novel therapeutics, but experimental challenges sometimes necessitate the use of homologous proteins. Tropisetron is an orthosteric ligand at both 5-HT3 and α7 nACh receptors and its binding orientation has been determined in the structural homologue AChBP (pdbid: 2WNC). Co-crystallisation with a structurally -related ligand, granisetron, reveals an almost identical orientation (pdbid; 2YME). However, there is a >1000-fold difference in the affinity of tropisetron at 5-HT3 versus α7 nACh receptors, and α7 nACh receptors do not bind granisetron. These striking pharmacological differences prompt questions about which receptor the crystal structures most closely represent and whether the ligand orientations are correct. Here we probe the binding orientation of tropisetron and granisetron at 5-HT3 receptors by in silico modelling and docking, radioligand binding on cysteine - substituted 5-HT3 receptor mutants transiently expressed in HEK 293 cells, and synthetic modification of the ligands. For 15 of the 23 cysteine substitutions, the effects on tropisetron and granisetron were different. Structure-activity relationships on synthesised derivatives of both ligands were also consistent with different orientations, revealing that contrary to the crystallographic evidence from AChBP, the two ligands adopt different orientations in the 5-HT3 receptor binding site. Our results show that even quite structurally similar molecules can adopt different orientations in the same binding site, and that caution may be needed when using homologous proteins to predict ligand binding.
28137449	4	11	binding	T044	C0597358
28137449	12	24	orientations	T082	C1704322
28137449	28	40	structurally	T082	C0678594
28137449	50	57	ligands	T103	C0023688
28137449	62	68	differ	T080	C1705242
28137449	88	106	Crystal structures	T104	C0444626
28137449	120	148	ligand-receptor interactions	T044	C0597358
28137449	185	197	therapeutics	T061	C0087111
28137449	203	215	experimental	T080	C1517586
28137449	260	279	homologous proteins	T116	C1512488
28137449	281	292	Tropisetron	T109,T121	C0063322
28137449	299	317	orthosteric ligand	T103	C0023688
28137449	326	331	5-HT3	T116,T192	C0295352
28137449	336	353	α7 nACh receptors	T116,T192	C0051334
28137449	362	369	binding	T044	C0597358
28137449	370	381	orientation	T082	C1704322
28137449	409	429	structural homologue	T087	C1449549
28137449	430	435	AChBP	T116	C1254349
28137449	451	469	Co-crystallisation	T070	C0010423
28137449	477	489	structurally	T082	C0678594
28137449	499	505	ligand	T103	C0023688
28137449	507	518	granisetron	T109,T121	C0061863
28137449	538	547	identical	T080	C0205280
28137449	548	559	orientation	T082	C1704322
28137449	606	616	difference	T080	C1705242
28137449	624	632	affinity	T070	C1510827
28137449	636	647	tropisetron	T109,T121	C0063322
28137449	651	656	5-HT3	T116,T192	C0295352
28137449	664	681	α7 nACh receptors	T116,T192	C0051334
28137449	687	704	α7 nACh receptors	T116,T192	C0051334
28137449	708	711	not	T169	C1518422
28137449	712	716	bind	T044	C0597358
28137449	717	728	granisetron	T109,T121	C0061863
28137449	745	760	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28137449	761	772	differences	T080	C1705242
28137449	802	810	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28137449	815	833	crystal structures	T104	C0444626
28137449	873	879	ligand	T103	C0023688
28137449	880	892	orientations	T082	C1704322
28137449	924	931	binding	T044	C0597358
28137449	932	943	orientation	T082	C1704322
28137449	947	958	tropisetron	T109,T121	C0063322
28137449	963	974	granisetron	T109,T121	C0061863
28137449	978	993	5-HT3 receptors	T116,T192	C0295352
28137449	997	1006	in silico	T066	C3489666
28137449	1007	1016	modelling	T090	C0013193
28137449	1021	1028	docking	T044	C1522290
28137449	1030	1049	radioligand binding	T044	C1517880
28137449	1053	1061	cysteine	T116,T123	C0010654
28137449	1064	1075	substituted	T045	C0525038
28137449	1076	1090	5-HT3 receptor	T116,T192	C0295352
28137449	1091	1098	mutants	T049	C0596988
28137449	1111	1120	expressed	T045	C0017262
28137449	1124	1137	HEK 293 cells	T025	C2936239
28137449	1143	1165	synthetic modification	T091	C0598331
28137449	1173	1180	ligands	T103	C0023688
28137449	1199	1207	cysteine	T116,T123	C0010654
28137449	1208	1221	substitutions	T045	C0525038
28137449	1227	1234	effects	T080	C1280500
28137449	1238	1249	tropisetron	T109,T121	C0063322
28137449	1254	1265	granisetron	T109,T121	C0061863
28137449	1282	1314	Structure-activity relationships	T080	C0038477
28137449	1350	1357	ligands	T103	C0023688
28137449	1394	1406	orientations	T082	C1704322
28137449	1408	1417	revealing	T080	C0443289
28137449	1439	1455	crystallographic	T059	C0010424
28137449	1456	1464	evidence	T078	C3887511
28137449	1470	1475	AChBP	T116	C1254349
28137449	1485	1492	ligands	T103	C0023688
28137449	1499	1508	different	T080	C1705242
28137449	1509	1521	orientations	T082	C1704322
28137449	1529	1543	5-HT3 receptor	T116,T192	C0295352
28137449	1544	1556	binding site	T192	C0005456
28137449	1591	1603	structurally	T082	C0678594
28137449	1612	1621	molecules	T167	C0567416
28137449	1642	1654	orientations	T082	C1704322
28137449	1667	1679	binding site	T192	C0005456
28137449	1723	1742	homologous proteins	T116	C1512488
28137449	1754	1768	ligand binding	T044	C1517880

28137537|t|Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Peritoneal Resuscitation in the Management of Trauma Patients Undergoing Damage Control Surgery
28137537|a|Peritoneal resuscitation (PR) represents a unique modality of treatment for severely injured trauma patients requiring damage control surgery. These data represent the outcomes of a single institution randomized controlled trial into the efficacy of PR as a management option in these patients. From 2011 to 2015, one hundred and three patients were enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled trial evaluating the use of PR in the treatment of patients undergoing damage control surgery compared with conventional resuscitation (CR) alone. Patient demographics, clinical variables, and outcomes were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed with a priori significance at p ≤ 0.05. After initial screening, 52 patients were randomized to the PR group and 51 to the CR group. Age, sex, initial pH, and mechanism of injury were used for randomization. Method of abdominal closure was standardized across groups. Time to definitive abdominal closure was reduced in the PR group compared with the CR group (4.1 ± 2.2 days vs 5.9 ± 3.5 days; p ≤ 0.002). Volume of resuscitation and blood products transfused in the initial 24 hours was not different between the groups. Primary fascial closure rate was higher in the PR group (83% vs 66%; p ≤ 0.05). Intra-abdominal complications were lower in the PR compared with the CR group (8% vs 18%), with abscess formation rate (3% vs 14%; p < 0.05) being significant. Patients in the PR group had a lower 30- day mortality rate, despite similar Injury Severity Scores (13% vs 28%; p = 0.06). Peritoneal resuscitation enhances management of damage control surgery patients by reducing time to definitive abdominal closure, intra-abdominal infections, and mortality rates.
28137537	0	27	Randomized Controlled Trial	T062	C0206035
28137537	28	38	Evaluating	T058	C0220825
28137537	43	51	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28137537	55	65	Peritoneal	T029	C0442034
28137537	66	79	Resuscitation	T061	C0035273
28137537	87	97	Management	T058	C0030677
28137537	101	107	Trauma	T037	C3714660
28137537	108	116	Patients	T101	C0030705
28137537	128	150	Damage Control Surgery	T061	C0543467
28137537	151	161	Peritoneal	T029	C0442034
28137537	162	175	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
28137537	177	179	PR	T061	C0035273
28137537	201	209	modality	T078	C0695347
28137537	213	222	treatment	T061	C0087111
28137537	227	235	severely	T080	C0205082
28137537	236	243	injured	T169	C0332664
28137537	244	250	trauma	T037	C3714660
28137537	251	259	patients	T101	C0030705
28137537	270	292	damage control surgery	T061	C0543467
28137537	300	304	data	T078	C1511726
28137537	319	327	outcomes	T062	C0086750
28137537	352	379	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28137537	389	397	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28137537	401	403	PR	T061	C0035273
28137537	409	419	management	T058	C0030677
28137537	436	444	patients	T101	C0030705
28137537	487	495	patients	T101	C0030705
28137537	527	554	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28137537	555	565	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28137537	577	579	PR	T061	C0035273
28137537	587	596	treatment	T061	C0087111
28137537	600	608	patients	T101	C0030705
28137537	620	642	damage control surgery	T061	C0543467
28137537	657	669	conventional	T061	C2945704
28137537	670	683	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
28137537	685	687	CR	T061	C0035273
28137537	696	703	Patient	T101	C0030705
28137537	704	716	demographics	T090	C0011298
28137537	718	726	clinical	T080	C0205210
28137537	727	736	variables	T080	C0439828
28137537	742	750	outcomes	T062	C0086750
28137537	767	777	Univariate	T062	C0683962
28137537	782	803	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28137537	832	844	significance	T078	C0750502
28137537	872	881	screening	T058	C0220908
28137537	886	894	patients	T101	C0030705
28137537	900	910	randomized	T062	C0034656
28137537	918	920	PR	T061	C0035273
28137537	921	926	group	T098	C1257890
28137537	941	943	CR	T061	C0035273
28137537	944	949	group	T098	C1257890
28137537	951	954	Age	T032	C0001779
28137537	956	959	sex	T032	C1522384
28137537	961	971	initial pH	T081	C0020283
28137537	977	996	mechanism of injury	T169	C0449413
28137537	1011	1024	randomization	T062	C0034656
28137537	1026	1032	Method	T169	C0449851
28137537	1036	1053	abdominal closure	T061	C1542047
28137537	1058	1070	standardized	T061	C0475411
28137537	1078	1084	groups	T098	C1257890
28137537	1105	1122	abdominal closure	T061	C1542047
28137537	1142	1144	PR	T061	C0035273
28137537	1145	1150	group	T098	C1257890
28137537	1169	1171	CR	T061	C0035273
28137537	1172	1177	group	T098	C1257890
28137537	1189	1193	days	T079	C0439228
28137537	1207	1211	days	T079	C0439228
28137537	1225	1231	Volume	T081	C0449468
28137537	1235	1248	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
28137537	1253	1267	blood products	T121	C0456388
28137537	1268	1278	transfused	T078	C1549003
28137537	1297	1302	hours	T079	C0439227
28137537	1333	1339	groups	T098	C1257890
28137537	1349	1356	fascial	T024	C0015641
28137537	1357	1364	closure	T062	C1521802
28137537	1365	1369	rate	T081	C1521828
28137537	1388	1390	PR	T061	C0035273
28137537	1391	1396	group	T098	C1257890
28137537	1421	1436	Intra-abdominal	T082	C1512910
28137537	1437	1450	complications	T046	C0009566
28137537	1469	1471	PR	T061	C0035273
28137537	1490	1492	CR	T061	C0035273
28137537	1493	1498	group	T098	C1257890
28137537	1517	1539	abscess formation rate	T081	C1521828
28137537	1568	1579	significant	T078	C0750502
28137537	1581	1589	Patients	T101	C0030705
28137537	1597	1599	PR	T061	C0035273
28137537	1600	1605	group	T098	C1257890
28137537	1622	1625	day	T079	C0439228
28137537	1626	1640	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
28137537	1658	1680	Injury Severity Scores	T170	C0021504
28137537	1705	1715	Peritoneal	T029	C0442034
28137537	1716	1729	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
28137537	1739	1749	management	T058	C0030677
28137537	1753	1775	damage control surgery	T061	C0543467
28137537	1776	1784	patients	T101	C0030705
28137537	1816	1833	abdominal closure	T061	C1542047
28137537	1835	1850	intra-abdominal	T082	C1512910
28137537	1851	1861	infections	T046	C3714514
28137537	1867	1882	mortality rates	T081	C0205848

28137551|t|Bromocriptine Induces Autophagy -Dependent Cell Death in Pituitary Adenomas
28137551|a|Bromocriptine (BRC) is effective in patients with prolactinoma. However, the cytotoxic mechanism of BRC remains unknown. Slices for immunohistochemical pathology were randomly selected from 37 paraffin-embedded prolactinoma tissue sections. LC3 was detected by immunohistochemistry. GH3 and MMQ cells were treated by BRC and/or rapamycin (RAPA). Cell viability and the cell cycle were measured by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measured prolactin secretion. Protein expression was detected by Western blot or immunofluorescence. LC3 was significantly expressed in prolactinoma in which patients were treated exclusively with BRC. LC3 expression was negative in normal tissues and prolactinoma in which patients were not treated with BRC. Treatment with 60 μM BRC for 24 hours induced cell death in MMQ cells by up to 50%. However, 110 μM BRC was required to produce a similar effect in GH3 cells. The cell cycle was arrested at the G0 - G1 phase and S phase. As the concentration and time increased, the conversion ratio of LC3-I to LC3-II increased and prolactin secretion decreased. In addition, Bcl-2 and BAX expression was decreased. The cell viability, prolactin level, and G0-G1 cells are similar in MMQ cells treated with RAPA and a low concentration of BRC and MMQ cells treated with a high concentration of BRC. Compared with the effects of a high concentration of BRC, treatment with RAPA and a low concentration of BRC effectively increase the conversion rate of LC3-I to LC3-II. BRC - treated pituitary adenoma cells mainly underwent autophagic cell death rather than apoptosis.
28137551	0	13	Bromocriptine	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	14	21	Induces	T169	C0205263
28137551	22	31	Autophagy	T043	C0004391
28137551	43	53	Cell Death	T043	C0007587
28137551	57	75	Pituitary Adenomas	T191	C0032000
28137551	76	89	Bromocriptine	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	91	94	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	99	108	effective	T080	C1704419
28137551	112	120	patients	T101	C0030705
28137551	126	138	prolactinoma	T191	C0033375
28137551	153	162	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
28137551	163	172	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28137551	176	179	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	208	227	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
28137551	228	237	pathology	T091	C0030664
28137551	269	306	paraffin-embedded prolactinoma tissue	T024	C1519524
28137551	317	320	LC3	T116,T123	C2003747
28137551	325	333	detected	T033	C0442726
28137551	337	357	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28137551	359	362	GH3	T025	C0229535
28137551	367	376	MMQ cells	T025	C0229535
28137551	382	389	treated	T169	C1522326
28137551	393	396	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	404	413	rapamycin	T109,T195	C0072980
28137551	415	419	RAPA	T109,T195	C0072980
28137551	422	436	Cell viability	T043	C0007620
28137551	445	455	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
28137551	473	478	CCK-8	T062	C2986858
28137551	483	497	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28137551	513	546	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28137551	556	575	prolactin secretion	T043	C2611224
28137551	577	595	Protein expression	T045	C1171362
28137551	600	608	detected	T033	C0442726
28137551	612	624	Western blot	T059,T063	C0005863
28137551	628	646	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
28137551	648	651	LC3	T116,T123	C2003747
28137551	670	679	expressed	T045	C1171362
28137551	683	695	prolactinoma	T191	C0033375
28137551	705	713	patients	T101	C0030705
28137551	719	726	treated	T169	C1522326
28137551	744	747	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	749	763	LC3 expression	T045	C1171362
28137551	768	776	negative	T033	C0205160
28137551	780	786	normal	T080	C0205307
28137551	787	794	tissues	T024	C0040300
28137551	799	811	prolactinoma	T191	C0033375
28137551	821	829	patients	T101	C0030705
28137551	839	851	treated with	T061	C0332293
28137551	852	855	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	857	866	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28137551	878	881	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	889	894	hours	T079	C0439227
28137551	895	902	induced	T169	C0205263
28137551	903	913	cell death	T043	C0007587
28137551	917	926	MMQ cells	T025	C0229535
28137551	957	960	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	995	1001	effect	T080	C1280500
28137551	1005	1014	GH3 cells	T025	C0229535
28137551	1020	1030	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
28137551	1035	1043	arrested	T043	C1155873
28137551	1051	1053	G0	T045	C0079394
28137551	1056	1064	G1 phase	T043	C1155840
28137551	1069	1076	S phase	T043	C1155869
28137551	1085	1098	concentration	T081	C1446561
28137551	1103	1107	time	T079	C0040223
28137551	1108	1117	increased	T081	C0205217
28137551	1123	1139	conversion ratio	T081	C0456603
28137551	1143	1148	LC3-I	T116,T123	C2003747
28137551	1152	1158	LC3-II	T116,T123	C2003747
28137551	1159	1168	increased	T081	C0205217
28137551	1173	1192	prolactin secretion	T043	C2611224
28137551	1193	1202	decreased	T081	C0547047
28137551	1217	1222	Bcl-2	T116,T123	C0293686
28137551	1227	1230	BAX	T116,T123	C0219474
28137551	1231	1241	expression	T045	C1171362
28137551	1246	1255	decreased	T081	C0547047
28137551	1261	1275	cell viability	T043	C0007620
28137551	1277	1292	prolactin level	T034	C0428411
28137551	1298	1309	G0-G1 cells	T025	C1988243
28137551	1325	1334	MMQ cells	T025	C0229535
28137551	1335	1347	treated with	T061	C0332293
28137551	1348	1352	RAPA	T109,T195	C0072980
28137551	1359	1362	low	T080	C0205251
28137551	1363	1376	concentration	T081	C1446561
28137551	1380	1383	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	1388	1397	MMQ cells	T025	C0229535
28137551	1398	1410	treated with	T061	C0332293
28137551	1413	1417	high	T080	C0205250
28137551	1418	1431	concentration	T081	C1446561
28137551	1435	1438	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	1458	1465	effects	T080	C1280500
28137551	1471	1475	high	T080	C0205250
28137551	1476	1489	concentration	T081	C1446561
28137551	1493	1496	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	1498	1507	treatment	T061	C0087111
28137551	1513	1517	RAPA	T109,T195	C0072980
28137551	1524	1527	low	T080	C0205251
28137551	1528	1541	concentration	T081	C1446561
28137551	1545	1548	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	1549	1560	effectively	T080	C1280500
28137551	1561	1569	increase	T081	C0205217
28137551	1574	1589	conversion rate	T081	C1521828
28137551	1593	1598	LC3-I	T116,T123	C2003747
28137551	1602	1608	LC3-II	T116,T123	C2003747
28137551	1610	1613	BRC	T109,T121	C0006230
28137551	1616	1623	treated	T169	C1522326
28137551	1624	1641	pituitary adenoma	T191	C0032000
28137551	1642	1647	cells	T025	C0334227
28137551	1665	1675	autophagic	T043	C0004391
28137551	1676	1686	cell death	T043	C0007587
28137551	1699	1708	apoptosis	T043	C0162638

28138631|t|Pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer with liver metastases and multiple peritoneal metastases: report of one case
28138631|a|Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) is a rare pancreatic tumor, with its incidence showing a rising trend in recent years. Most of its distant metastases are found in the liver. This article describes a 59-year-old male patient with pNET with liver metastasis and multiple abdominal metastases, focusing on the management of this tumor in its advanced stage.
28138631	0	10	Pancreatic	T023	C0030274
28138631	11	32	neuroendocrine cancer	T191	C0746852
28138631	38	54	liver metastases	T191	C0494165
28138631	59	89	multiple peritoneal metastases	T191	C0346989
28138631	110	120	Pancreatic	T023	C0030274
28138631	121	141	neuroendocrine tumor	T191	C0746852
28138631	143	147	pNET	T191	C0746852
28138631	159	175	pancreatic tumor	T191	C0030297
28138631	248	266	distant metastases	T201	C4297205
28138631	271	276	found	T033	C0150312
28138631	284	289	liver	T023	C0023884
28138631	328	340	male patient	T032	C0150904
28138631	346	350	pNET	T191	C0746852
28138631	356	372	liver metastasis	T191	C0494165
28138631	377	406	multiple abdominal metastases	T191	C0854198
28138631	424	434	management	T058	C0376636
28138631	443	448	tumor	T191	C0027651
28138631	456	470	advanced stage	T079	C1254367

28138777|t|First complete genome sequence of parainfluenza virus 5 isolated from lesser panda
28138777|a|Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) is widespread in mammals and humans. Up to now, there is little information about PIV5 infection in lesser pandas. In this study, a PIV5 variant (named ZJQ-221) was isolated from a lesser panda with respiratory disease in Guangzhou zoo in Guangdong province, southern China. The full-length genome of ZJQ-221 was found to be 15,246 nucleotides and consisted of seven non-overlapping genes encoding eight proteins (i.e., NP, V, P, M, F, SH, HN and L). Sequence alignment and genetic analysis revealed that ZJQ-221 shared a close relationship with a PIV5 strain of canine -origin (1168-1) from South Korea. The findings of this study confirm the presence of PIV5 in lesser panda and indicate this mammal as a possible natural reservoir. Furthermore they highlight the urgent need to strengthen viral surveillance and control of PIV5 in zoo animals.
28138777	6	14	complete	T080	C0205197
28138777	15	30	genome sequence	T028	C0017428
28138777	34	55	parainfluenza virus 5	T005	C0546788
28138777	56	64	isolated	T169	C0205409
28138777	70	82	lesser panda	T015	C0325031
28138777	83	104	Parainfluenza virus 5	T005	C0546788
28138777	106	110	PIV5	T005	C0546788
28138777	129	136	mammals	T015	C0024660
28138777	141	147	humans	T016	C0086418
28138777	176	187	information	T078	C1533716
28138777	194	198	PIV5	T005	C0546788
28138777	199	208	infection	T046	C3714514
28138777	212	225	lesser pandas	T015	C0325031
28138777	235	240	study	T062	C2603343
28138777	244	256	PIV5 variant	T005	C0546788
28138777	264	271	ZJQ-221	T005	C0546788
28138777	293	305	lesser panda	T015	C0325031
28138777	311	330	respiratory disease	T047	C0035204
28138777	334	347	Guangzhou zoo	T073	C0562513
28138777	351	369	Guangdong province	T083	C1514578
28138777	371	385	southern China	T083	C0008115
28138777	403	409	genome	T028	C0017428
28138777	413	420	ZJQ-221	T005	C0546788
28138777	444	455	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
28138777	479	500	non-overlapping genes	T028	C0017337
28138777	516	524	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28138777	532	534	NP	T116,T123	C0033684
28138777	536	537	V	T116,T123	C0033684
28138777	539	540	P	T116,T123	C0033684
28138777	542	543	M	T116,T123	C0033684
28138777	545	546	F	T116,T123	C0033684
28138777	548	550	SH	T116,T123	C0033684
28138777	552	554	HN	T116,T123	C0019822
28138777	559	560	L	T116,T123	C0033684
28138777	563	581	Sequence alignment	T063	C0080143
28138777	586	602	genetic analysis	T059	C0796344
28138777	617	624	ZJQ-221	T005	C0546788
28138777	640	652	relationship	T080	C0439849
28138777	660	671	PIV5 strain	T005	C0546788
28138777	675	681	canine	T015	C0012984
28138777	691	697	1168-1	T005	C0546788
28138777	704	715	South Korea	T083	C0022773
28138777	721	729	findings	T033	C0243095
28138777	738	743	study	T062	C2603343
28138777	744	751	confirm	T080	C1456348
28138777	756	764	presence	T080	C3854307
28138777	768	772	PIV5	T005	C0546788
28138777	776	788	lesser panda	T015	C0325031
28138777	807	813	mammal	T015	C0024660
28138777	828	835	natural	T169	C0205296
28138777	836	845	reservoir	T078	C0012653
28138777	904	909	viral	T005	C0042776
28138777	910	922	surveillance	T061	C0419786
28138777	927	934	control	T169	C2587213
28138777	938	942	PIV5	T005	C0546788
28138777	946	957	zoo animals	T008	C0003071

28138939|t|Carboxymethyl cellulase production optimization from newly isolated thermophilic Bacillus subtilis K-18 for saccharification using response surface methodology
28138939|a|In this study, a novel thermophilic strain was isolated from soil and used for cellulase production in submerged fermentation using potato peel as sole carbon source. The bacterium was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. Central composite design was applied for enhanced production using substrate concentration, inoculum size, yeast extract and pH as dependent variables. Highest enzyme titer of 3.50 ± 0.11 IU/ml was obtained at 2% substrate concentration, 2% inoculum size, 1% yeast extract, pH 5.0, incubation temperature of 50 °C for 24 h of fermentation period. The crude enzyme was characterized having optimum pH and temperature of 7.0 and 50 °C, respectively. The efficiency of enzyme was checked by enzymatic hydrolysis of acid / alkali treated pine needles which revealed that 54.389% saccharification was observed in acid treated pine needles. These results indicated that the cellulase produced by the Bacillus subtilis K-18 (KX881940) could be effectively used for industrial processes particularly for bioethanol production.
28138939	0	23	Carboxymethyl cellulase	T116,T126	C0054749
28138939	24	34	production	T169	C0005572
28138939	35	47	optimization	T052	C2698650
28138939	59	67	isolated	T169	C0205409
28138939	68	80	thermophilic	T001	C0597570
28138939	81	103	Bacillus subtilis K-18	T007	C0004595
28138939	108	124	saccharification	T070	C0020291
28138939	131	159	response surface methodology	T062	C0086912
28138939	168	173	study	T062	C2603343
28138939	183	202	thermophilic strain	T194	C0599690
28138939	207	215	isolated	T169	C0205409
28138939	221	225	soil	T167	C0037592
28138939	239	248	cellulase	T116,T121,T126	C0007641
28138939	249	259	production	T169	C0005572
28138939	263	285	submerged fermentation	T044	C0015852
28138939	292	303	potato peel	T168	C0032846
28138939	312	318	carbon	T196	C0007009
28138939	319	325	source	T033	C0449416
28138939	331	340	bacterium	T007	C0004611
28138939	359	367	16S rRNA	T114,T123	C0035702
28138939	368	394	gene sequencing technology	T059	C1294197
28138939	446	456	production	T169	C0005572
28138939	463	472	substrate	T167	C3891814
28138939	473	486	concentration	T081	C1446561
28138939	488	496	inoculum	T007	C0004611
28138939	497	501	size	T082	C0456389
28138939	503	516	yeast extract	T109,T121	C0873195
28138939	521	523	pH	T081	C0020283
28138939	527	546	dependent variables	T169	C0871711
28138939	556	562	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28138939	609	618	substrate	T167	C3891814
28138939	619	632	concentration	T081	C1446561
28138939	637	645	inoculum	T007	C0004611
28138939	646	650	size	T082	C0456389
28138939	655	668	yeast extract	T109,T121	C0873195
28138939	670	672	pH	T081	C0020283
28138939	678	688	incubation	T059	C1441618
28138939	689	700	temperature	T081	C0039476
28138939	722	734	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28138939	735	741	period	T079	C1948053
28138939	747	759	crude enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28138939	785	792	optimum	T080	C2698651
28138939	793	795	pH	T081	C0020283
28138939	800	811	temperature	T081	C0039476
28138939	862	868	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28138939	884	893	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28138939	894	904	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
28138939	908	912	acid	T103	C0001128
28138939	915	921	alkali	T197	C0002055
28138939	922	929	treated	T169	C1522326
28138939	930	942	pine needles	T002	C0330186
28138939	971	987	saccharification	T070	C0020291
28138939	1004	1008	acid	T103	C0001128
28138939	1009	1016	treated	T169	C1522326
28138939	1017	1029	pine needles	T002	C0330186
28138939	1064	1073	cellulase	T116,T121,T126	C0007641
28138939	1090	1112	Bacillus subtilis K-18	T007	C0004595
28138939	1114	1122	KX881940	T007	C0004595
28138939	1192	1213	bioethanol production	T040	C0678710

28139069|t|Evolution of imidacloprid resistance in Myzus persicae in Greece and susceptibility data for spirotetramat
28139069|a|Myzus persicae s.l. is a major crop pest globally and has evolved resistance to a range of insecticide classes making it increasingly difficult to control in some areas. Here we compare bioassay monitoring data for two important compounds, imidacloprid and spirotetramat, on field samples / clones collected in Greece. A total of 122 aphid samples / clones from central and northern Greece were examined in dose-response bioassays with imidacloprid. There was an overall increase in the level of resistance (resistance factor = 15-40) within tobacco - collected samples from 78.7% in 2007 to 86.7% in 2015. The corresponding frequencies for peach samples were 13.3% and 6.7%. These results were confounded however by the first identification of the R81T target mutation in Greece during 2015 (4.3% as heterozygotes in peach) and 2016 (21.3% as heterozygotes in peach). No resistance to spirotetramat was found at the 60 clones collected in 2015. Resistance to imidacloprid is continuing to increase within Greek M. persicae s.l. populations and the situation is likely to deteriorate further with the recent identification of the R81T resistance mutation. Resistance to spirotetramat has not been found and is therefore a good alternative to neonicotinoids for resistance management. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
28139069	0	9	Evolution	T169	C0178506
28139069	13	25	imidacloprid	T109,T131	C0218499
28139069	26	36	resistance	T032	C0021575
28139069	40	54	Myzus persicae	T204	C1000577
28139069	58	64	Greece	T083	C0018226
28139069	69	83	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28139069	84	88	data	T078	C1511726
28139069	93	106	spirotetramat	T109,T131	C3490789
28139069	107	126	Myzus persicae s.l.	T204	C1000577
28139069	138	142	crop	T002	C0242775
28139069	143	147	pest	T204	C0021585
28139069	173	183	resistance	T032	C0021575
28139069	189	194	range	T081	C1514721
28139069	198	217	insecticide classes	T131	C0021576
28139069	228	240	increasingly	T169	C0442808
28139069	241	261	difficult to control	UnknownType	C0742800
28139069	265	275	some areas	T082	C0205146
28139069	285	292	compare	T052	C1707455
28139069	293	301	bioassay	T059	C0005507
28139069	302	317	monitoring data	T062	C0011000
28139069	336	345	compounds	T131	C0021576
28139069	347	359	imidacloprid	T109,T131	C0218499
28139069	364	377	spirotetramat	T109,T131	C3490789
28139069	382	395	field samples	T167	C0370003
28139069	398	404	clones	T024	C1522642
28139069	418	424	Greece	T083	C0018226
28139069	441	446	aphid	T204	C0003562
28139069	447	454	samples	T167	C0370003
28139069	457	463	clones	T024	C1522642
28139069	469	496	central and northern Greece	T083	C0018226
28139069	502	510	examined	T033	C0332128
28139069	514	527	dose-response	T062	C4284887
28139069	528	537	bioassays	T059	C0005507
28139069	543	555	imidacloprid	T109,T131	C0218499
28139069	570	586	overall increase	T169	C0442805
28139069	594	599	level	T080	C0441889
28139069	603	613	resistance	T032	C0021575
28139069	615	632	resistance factor	T169	C1521761
28139069	649	656	tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
28139069	659	676	collected samples	T167	C0370003
28139069	732	743	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28139069	748	753	peach	T168	C0949824
28139069	754	761	samples	T167	C0370003
28139069	789	796	results	T169	C1274040
28139069	834	848	identification	T080	C0205396
28139069	856	876	R81T target mutation	T045	C0026882
28139069	880	886	Greece	T083	C0018226
28139069	908	921	heterozygotes	T032	C0019425
28139069	925	930	peach	T168	C0949824
28139069	951	964	heterozygotes	T032	C0019425
28139069	968	973	peach	T168	C0949824
28139069	976	978	No	T033	C1513916
28139069	979	989	resistance	T032	C0021575
28139069	993	1006	spirotetramat	T109,T131	C3490789
28139069	1011	1016	found	T033	C0150312
28139069	1027	1033	clones	T024	C1522642
28139069	1053	1063	Resistance	T032	C0021575
28139069	1067	1079	imidacloprid	T109,T131	C0218499
28139069	1097	1105	increase	T169	C0442805
28139069	1113	1118	Greek	T083	C0018226
28139069	1119	1135	M. persicae s.l.	T204	C1000577
28139069	1136	1147	populations	T098	C1257890
28139069	1179	1190	deteriorate	T033	C1457868
28139069	1208	1229	recent identification	T080	C0205396
28139069	1237	1261	R81T resistance mutation	T045	C0026882
28139069	1263	1273	Resistance	T032	C0021575
28139069	1277	1290	spirotetramat	T109,T131	C3490789
28139069	1295	1309	not been found	T033	C1513916
28139069	1329	1345	good alternative	T077	C1523987
28139069	1349	1363	neonicotinoids	T131	C1997222
28139069	1368	1378	resistance	T032	C0021575
28139069	1379	1389	management	T057	C1273870

28139296|t|Lignans from the fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill inhibit proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression
28139296|a|Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis, using the proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) mRNA expression screening assay, led to isolation of two previously unknown lignans, 14-tigloylschinlignan D and rel-(7R, 8R, 7'R, 8'R)-manglisin E, along with 28 known compounds. All structures were established by NMR spectroscopic data as well as CD and MS analysis. All isolates were tested for their inhibitory activities on the mRNA expression of PCSK9. Of the tested compounds, four of the compounds rel-(7R, 8R, 7'R, 8'R)-manglisin E, (-)-schisandrin C, schinlignan D, and (+)-schisandrol B potently inhibited PCSK9 mRNA expression with IC50 values of 3.15, 3.85, 0.36, and 1.10 μM, respectively. Furthermore, schinlignan D and (+)-schisandrol B were found to suppress PCSK9 protein expressions and schinlignan D deemed to increase low density lipoprotein receptor expression.
28139296	0	7	Lignans	T109	C0064971
28139296	17	23	fruits	T168	C0016767
28139296	27	62	Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill	T002	C0696946
28139296	63	70	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28139296	71	116	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	T028	C1426592
28139296	117	127	expression	T045	C0017262
28139296	128	160	Bioactivity-guided fractionation	T059	C0016640
28139296	168	174	fruits	T168	C0016767
28139296	178	198	Schisandra chinensis	T002	C0696946
28139296	210	255	proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9	T028	C1426592
28139296	257	262	PCSK9	T028	C1426592
28139296	264	279	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28139296	280	295	screening assay	T059	C1510438
28139296	304	313	isolation	T169	C0205409
28139296	317	320	two	T081	C0205448
28139296	321	339	previously unknown	T080	C0439673
28139296	340	347	lignans	T109	C0064971
28139296	349	372	14-tigloylschinlignan D	T109	C0064971
28139296	377	411	rel-(7R, 8R, 7'R, 8'R)-manglisin E	T109	C0064971
28139296	448	458	structures	T170	C0220807
28139296	464	475	established	T080	C0443211
28139296	479	496	NMR spectroscopic	T060	C0877853
28139296	497	501	data	T078	C1511726
28139296	513	515	CD	T059	C0008813
28139296	520	522	MS	T059	C0037813
28139296	523	531	analysis	T062	C0936012
28139296	551	557	tested	T169	C0039593
28139296	568	578	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28139296	579	589	activities	T052	C0441655
28139296	597	612	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28139296	616	621	PCSK9	T028	C1426592
28139296	630	636	tested	T169	C0039593
28139296	648	652	four	T081	C0205450
28139296	670	704	rel-(7R, 8R, 7'R, 8'R)-manglisin E	T109	C0064971
28139296	706	723	(-)-schisandrin C	T109,T121	C0074176
28139296	725	738	schinlignan D	T109	C0064971
28139296	744	761	(+)-schisandrol B	T109,T121	C0074177
28139296	771	780	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28139296	781	786	PCSK9	T028	C1426592
28139296	787	802	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28139296	808	812	IC50	T081	C0600495
28139296	899	916	(+)-schisandrol B	T109,T121	C0074177
28139296	931	939	suppress	T169	C1260953
28139296	940	945	PCSK9	T116,T126	C4255394
28139296	946	965	protein expressions	T045	C1171362
28139296	970	983	schinlignan D	T109	C0064971
28139296	1003	1035	low density lipoprotein receptor	T116,T192	C0034821
28139296	1036	1046	expression	T045	C0597360

28139371|t|A comparison of outcomes in morbidly obese, obese and non-obese patients undergoing primary total knee and total hip arthroplasty
28139371|a|Obesity is a growing public health issue with the prevalence of morbid obesity, (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m(2)) increasing. There is some evidence these patients have more peri- and post-operative complications and poorer outcomes when undergoing arthroplasty procedures. This audit aimed to determine and compare the outcomes of non-obese, obese and morbidly obese patients undergoing arthroplasty at our institution. This was a retrospective audit of patients from our institution who had undergone total knee (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) in 2009. Data collected were: age, gender, BMI, length of stay (LOS), Oxford knee or hip score (OKS / OHS), satisfaction and complications up to two years post operation. Patients were divided into three groups: BMI < 30, BMI 30-40 and BMI > 40. Outcomes for each BMI group were compared. 1014 TKA and 906 THA operations were included. When compared to obese and non-obese patients, morbidly obese patients undergoing TKA had a mean LOS one day longer, a mean OKS four points lower and higher rates of postoperative problems, 37% vs. 21%. For THA patients there was no difference in LOS, OHS score was two points lower for each increasing BMI category and postoperative problems increase from 25% for non-obese to 31% for obese and 38% for morbidly obese patients. These results will be useful in informing obese patients of their potential outcomes following TKA or THA. These patients can then make a more informed choice before proceeding with arthroplasty.
28139371	16	24	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28139371	28	42	morbidly obese	T047	C0028756
28139371	44	49	obese	T047	C0028754
28139371	54	63	non-obese	T032	C0005910
28139371	64	72	patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	84	102	primary total knee	T061	C0086511
28139371	107	129	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28139371	130	137	Obesity	T047	C0028754
28139371	151	157	public	T092	C0678367
28139371	158	170	health issue	T033	C1398682
28139371	180	190	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28139371	194	246	morbid obesity, (Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m(2))	T033	C1319441
28139371	247	257	increasing	T169	C0442808
28139371	273	281	evidence	T078	C3887511
28139371	288	296	patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	307	345	peri- and post-operative complications	T047	C0280955
28139371	350	365	poorer outcomes	T080	C0085415
28139371	382	405	arthroplasty procedures	T061	C0003893
28139371	453	461	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28139371	465	474	non-obese	T032	C0005910
28139371	476	481	obese	T047	C0028754
28139371	486	500	morbidly obese	T047	C0028756
28139371	501	509	patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	521	533	arthroplasty	T061	C0003893
28139371	541	552	institution	T093	C2607850
28139371	565	584	retrospective audit	T058	C0184821
28139371	588	596	patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	606	617	institution	T093	C2607850
28139371	636	646	total knee	T061	C0086511
28139371	648	651	TKA	T061	C0086511
28139371	656	678	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28139371	680	683	THA	T061	C0040508
28139371	694	698	Data	T078	C1511726
28139371	699	708	collected	T078	C1516695
28139371	715	718	age	T032	C0001779
28139371	720	726	gender	T032	C0079399
28139371	728	731	BMI	T201	C1305855
28139371	733	747	length of stay	T079	C0023303
28139371	749	752	LOS	T079	C0023303
28139371	755	766	Oxford knee	T201	C1997265
28139371	770	779	hip score	T201	C1998079
28139371	781	784	OKS	T201	C1997265
28139371	787	790	OHS	T201	C1998079
28139371	793	805	satisfaction	T033	C3476649
28139371	810	823	complications	T046	C0274311
28139371	834	839	years	T079	C0439234
28139371	840	854	post operation	T061	C0543467
28139371	856	864	Patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	889	895	groups	T078	C0441833
28139371	897	905	BMI < 30	T033	C0850114
28139371	907	916	BMI 30-40	T201	C1305855
28139371	921	929	BMI > 40	T033	C1561729
28139371	931	939	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
28139371	949	952	BMI	T201	C1305855
28139371	953	958	group	T078	C0441833
28139371	979	982	TKA	T061	C0086511
28139371	991	994	THA	T061	C0040508
28139371	995	1005	operations	T061	C0543467
28139371	1038	1043	obese	T047	C0028754
28139371	1048	1057	non-obese	T032	C0005910
28139371	1058	1066	patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	1068	1082	morbidly obese	T047	C0028756
28139371	1083	1091	patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	1103	1106	TKA	T061	C0086511
28139371	1118	1121	LOS	T079	C0023303
28139371	1126	1129	day	T079	C0439228
28139371	1140	1148	mean OKS	T201	C1997265
28139371	1187	1209	postoperative problems	T046	C0032787
28139371	1228	1231	THA	T061	C0040508
28139371	1232	1240	patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	1251	1264	no difference	T033	C3842396
28139371	1268	1271	LOS	T079	C0023303
28139371	1273	1282	OHS score	T201	C1998079
28139371	1313	1323	increasing	T169	C0442808
28139371	1324	1327	BMI	T201	C1305855
28139371	1328	1336	category	T170	C0683312
28139371	1341	1363	postoperative problems	T046	C0032787
28139371	1364	1372	increase	T169	C0442805
28139371	1386	1395	non-obese	T032	C0005910
28139371	1407	1412	obese	T047	C0028754
28139371	1425	1439	morbidly obese	T047	C0028756
28139371	1440	1448	patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	1492	1497	obese	T047	C0028754
28139371	1498	1506	patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	1526	1534	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28139371	1545	1548	TKA	T061	C0086511
28139371	1552	1555	THA	T061	C0040508
28139371	1563	1571	patients	T101	C0030705
28139371	1632	1644	arthroplasty	T061	C0003893

28139511|t|Evaluation of Outpatient Antibiotic Use in Beijing General Hospitals in 2015
28139511|a|Medical misuse of antibiotic s is associated with the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance, resulting in a lack of effective drugs and increased health-care cost. Nevertheless, inappropriate antibiotic use in China remains common and the situation requires urgent improvement. Here, we analyzed the prescriptions of antibiotics and evaluated the rationality of antibiotic use among outpatients in Beijing general hospitals during 2015. We collected basic medical insurance claim data from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2015 in 507 general hospitals of Beijing. A descriptive analysis of outpatient antibiotic prescribing was performed. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/defined daily doses system was used to evaluate the rationality of antibiotic use. Over the study, an estimated 721,930, 613,520, and 822,480 antibiotics were dispensed in primary, secondary, and tertiary general hospitals corresponding to 5.09%, 5.06%, and 2.53% of all prescriptions, respectively. Antibiotic combinations represented 2.95%, 7.74%, and 10.18% of the total antibiotic prescriptions, respectively. Expenditure for the top twenty antibiotic s in primary, secondary, and tertiary general hospitals was RMB 42.92, 65.89, and 83.26 million Yuan, respectively. Cephalosporins were the most frequently prescribed class of antibiotic in clinical practice. The antibiotic s used inappropriately included azithromycin enteric-coated capsules, compound cefaclor tablets and nifuratel nysfungin vaginal soft capsules in primary hospitals, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium dispersible tablets (7:1) and cefonicid sodium for injection in secondary hospitals, cefminox sodium for injection and amoxicillin sodium and sulbactam sodium for injection in tertiary hospitals. Antibiotic use in Beijing general hospitals is generally low; however, inappropriate antibiotic use still exists. Inappropriately used antibiotic s should be subject to rigorous control and management, and public policy initiatives are required to promote the judicious use of antibiotic s.
28139511	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28139511	14	24	Outpatient	T101	C0029921
28139511	25	35	Antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	36	39	Use	T169	C0457083
28139511	43	50	Beijing	T083	C4042832
28139511	51	68	General Hospitals	T073,T093	C0020008
28139511	77	84	Medical	T058	C0199168
28139511	85	91	misuse	T033	C0549649
28139511	95	105	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	131	142	acquisition	T052	C1706701
28139511	147	153	spread	T080	C0332261
28139511	157	178	antibiotic resistance	T043	C1326848
28139511	195	199	lack	T080	C0332268
28139511	203	212	effective	T080	C1280519
28139511	213	218	drugs	T121	C0013227
28139511	223	232	increased	T081	C0205217
28139511	233	249	health-care cost	T081	C0085552
28139511	265	278	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
28139511	279	289	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	290	293	use	T169	C0457083
28139511	297	302	China	T083	C0008115
28139511	374	382	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28139511	387	400	prescriptions	T170	C0033081
28139511	404	415	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28139511	420	429	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28139511	449	459	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	460	463	use	T169	C0457083
28139511	470	481	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28139511	485	492	Beijing	T083	C4042832
28139511	493	510	general hospitals	T073,T093	C0020008
28139511	543	560	medical insurance	T058	C0021689
28139511	567	571	data	T078	C1511726
28139511	621	638	general hospitals	T073,T093	C0020008
28139511	642	649	Beijing	T083	C4042832
28139511	653	664	descriptive	T170	C0678257
28139511	665	673	analysis	T062	C0936012
28139511	677	687	outpatient	T101	C0029921
28139511	688	698	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	699	710	prescribing	T058	C0278329
28139511	730	803	Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/defined daily doses system	T170	C3540695
28139511	808	812	used	T169	C0457083
28139511	816	824	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28139511	844	854	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	855	858	use	T169	C0457083
28139511	869	874	study	T062	C2603343
28139511	919	930	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28139511	936	945	dispensed	T058	C1880359
28139511	949	956	primary	T080	C0205225
28139511	958	967	secondary	T080	C0175668
28139511	973	981	tertiary	T081	C0205372
28139511	982	999	general hospitals	T073,T093	C0020008
28139511	1048	1061	prescriptions	T170	C0033081
28139511	1077	1100	Antibiotic combinations	T195	C0003238
28139511	1151	1161	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	1162	1175	prescriptions	T170	C0033081
28139511	1222	1232	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	1238	1245	primary	T080	C0205225
28139511	1247	1256	secondary	T080	C0175668
28139511	1262	1270	tertiary	T081	C0205372
28139511	1271	1288	general hospitals	T073,T093	C0020008
28139511	1293	1296	RMB	T081	C1555423
28139511	1321	1333	million Yuan	T081	C1555423
28139511	1349	1363	Cephalosporins	T109,T195	C3536856
28139511	1389	1399	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28139511	1409	1419	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	1423	1440	clinical practice	T058	C0008949
28139511	1446	1456	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	1459	1463	used	T169	C0457083
28139511	1464	1479	inappropriately	T080	C1548788
28139511	1489	1501	azithromycin	T109,T195	C0052796
28139511	1502	1525	enteric-coated capsules	T122	C0039226
28139511	1527	1544	compound cefaclor	T109,T195	C0007537
28139511	1545	1552	tablets	T122	C0039225
28139511	1557	1576	nifuratel nysfungin	T109,T121	C0028070
28139511	1577	1598	vaginal soft capsules	T122	C1273013
28139511	1602	1609	primary	T080	C0205225
28139511	1610	1619	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28139511	1621	1632	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
28139511	1637	1658	clavulanate potassium	T109,T195	C0137997
28139511	1659	1678	dispersible tablets	T122	C1273630
28139511	1689	1705	cefonicid sodium	T109,T195	C2025586
28139511	1710	1719	injection	T122	C1272883
28139511	1723	1732	secondary	T080	C0175668
28139511	1733	1742	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28139511	1744	1759	cefminox sodium	T109,T195	C1529767
28139511	1764	1773	injection	T122	C1272883
28139511	1778	1796	amoxicillin sodium	T109,T195	C0887551
28139511	1801	1817	sulbactam sodium	T109,T195	C0282355
28139511	1822	1831	injection	T122	C1272883
28139511	1835	1843	tertiary	T081	C0205372
28139511	1844	1853	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28139511	1855	1865	Antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	1866	1869	use	T169	C0457083
28139511	1873	1880	Beijing	T083	C4042832
28139511	1881	1898	general hospitals	T073,T093	C0020008
28139511	1926	1939	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
28139511	1940	1950	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	1951	1954	use	T169	C0457083
28139511	1969	1984	Inappropriately	T080	C1548788
28139511	1985	1989	used	T169	C0457083
28139511	1990	2000	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28139511	2061	2074	public policy	T064	C0034033
28139511	2125	2128	use	T169	C0457083
28139511	2132	2142	antibiotic	T195	C0003232

28139665|t|Vitamin D Receptor Activator Use and Cause-specific Death among dialysis Patients: a Nationwide Cohort Study using Coarsened Exact Matching
28139665|a|Vitamin D receptor activators (VDRA) may exert pleiotropic effects on cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and infections among dialysis patients, but recent studies have mainly focused on cardiovascular outcomes. Among 8,675 patients who started dialysis in 2007 and who survived until January 1, 2010, listed in the Renal Data Registry of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy, 5,365 VDRA users were matched to 3,203 non-users based on clinically relevant variables at the end of 2009 using the coarsened exact matching procedure. Until December 31, 2011, a total of 1,128 deaths occurred, of which 468 (42%) were cardiovascular deaths, 229 (20%) were infection-related deaths, and 141 (12%) were malignancy-related deaths. Multivariable survival analyses accounting for intra-region correlation revealed that VDRA use was significantly associated with lower rates of infection - and malignancy -related deaths [subhazard ratio 0.62 (95% CI, 0.52-0.73) and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.50-0.97), respectively] but not with cardiovascular death [subhazard ratio 0.86 (95% CI, 0.72-1.04)]. Future randomized clinical trials with a sufficient sample size and an adequate follow-up period are warranted to test the clinical effectiveness of VDRA on infection and malignancy, rather than cardiovascular disease, among dialysis patients.
28139665	0	28	Vitamin D Receptor Activator	T123	C0574031
28139665	37	57	Cause-specific Death	T081	C1707318
28139665	64	72	dialysis	T061	C0011946
28139665	73	81	Patients	T101	C0030705
28139665	85	108	Nationwide Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
28139665	115	139	Coarsened Exact Matching	T081,T170	C0026348
28139665	140	169	Vitamin D receptor activators	T123	C0574031
28139665	171	175	VDRA	T123	C0574031
28139665	187	206	pleiotropic effects	T045	C2936488
28139665	210	232	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28139665	234	244	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28139665	250	260	infections	T046	C3714514
28139665	267	275	dialysis	T061	C0011946
28139665	276	284	patients	T101	C0030705
28139665	328	351	cardiovascular outcomes	T033	C0679250
28139665	365	373	patients	T101	C0030705
28139665	386	394	dialysis	T061	C0011946
28139665	407	419	who survived	T081	C0038954
28139665	457	476	Renal Data Registry	T062	C0920631
28139665	484	500	Japanese Society	T093	C1708333
28139665	505	521	Dialysis Therapy	T061	C0011946
28139665	529	533	VDRA	T123	C0574031
28139665	581	610	clinically relevant variables	T079	C0205563
28139665	640	674	coarsened exact matching procedure	T081,T170	C0026348
28139665	718	724	deaths	T081	C0205848
28139665	759	780	cardiovascular deaths	T046	C0376297
28139665	797	821	infection-related deaths	T033	C1306577
28139665	842	867	malignancy-related deaths	T081	C1516192
28139665	869	900	Multivariable survival analyses	T062	C0038953
28139665	916	940	intra-region correlation	T080	C1707520
28139665	955	959	VDRA	T123	C0574031
28139665	998	1009	lower rates	T081	C1521828
28139665	1013	1022	infection	T046	C3714514
28139665	1029	1039	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28139665	1049	1055	deaths	T081	C0205848
28139665	1057	1072	subhazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28139665	1083	1085	CI	T081	C0009667
28139665	1112	1114	CI	T081	C0009667
28139665	1155	1175	cardiovascular death	T046	C0376297
28139665	1177	1192	subhazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28139665	1203	1205	CI	T081	C0009667
28139665	1227	1253	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28139665	1272	1283	sample size	T081	C0242618
28139665	1300	1309	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28139665	1343	1365	clinical effectiveness	T080	C3850123
28139665	1369	1373	VDRA	T123	C0574031
28139665	1377	1386	infection	T046	C3714514
28139665	1391	1401	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28139665	1415	1437	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28139665	1445	1453	dialysis	T061	C0011946
28139665	1454	1462	patients	T101	C0030705

28140366|t|Low-dose dynamic myocardial perfusion CT image reconstruction using pre-contrast normal-dose CT scan induced structure tensor total variation regularization
28140366|a|Dynamic myocardial perfusion CT (DMP-CT) imaging provides quantitative functional information for diagnosis and risk stratification of coronary artery disease by calculating myocardial perfusion hemodynamic parameter (MPHP) maps. However, the level of radiation delivered by dynamic sequential scan protocol can be potentially high. The purpose of this work is to develop a pre-contrast normal-dose scan induced structure tensor total variation regularization based on the penalized weighted least-squares (PWLS) criteria to improve the image quality of DMP-CT with a low-mAs CT acquisition. For simplicity, the present approach was termed as ' PWLS-ndiSTV '. Specifically, the ndiSTV regularization takes into account the spatial-temporal structure information of DMP-CT data and further exploits the higher order derivatives of the objective images to enhance denoising performance. Subsequently, an effective optimization algorithm based on the split-Bregman approach was adopted to minimize the associative objective function. Evaluations with modified dynamic XCAT phantom and preclinical porcine datasets have demonstrated that the proposed PWLS-ndiSTV approach can achieve promising gains over other existing approaches in terms of noise-induced artifacts mitigation, edge details preservation, and accurate MPHP maps calculation.
28140366	0	46	Low-dose dynamic myocardial perfusion CT image	T060	C1518002
28140366	47	61	reconstruction	T066	C0020912
28140366	68	100	pre-contrast normal-dose CT scan	T060	C0040405
28140366	109	156	structure tensor total variation regularization	T060	C0430022
28140366	157	188	Dynamic myocardial perfusion CT	T060	C2350390
28140366	190	196	DMP-CT	T060	C2350390
28140366	255	264	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28140366	269	288	risk stratification	T062	C1514983
28140366	292	315	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010054
28140366	331	373	myocardial perfusion hemodynamic parameter	T061	C0204901
28140366	375	379	MPHP	T061	C0204901
28140366	400	428	level of radiation delivered	T081	C1299361
28140366	432	464	dynamic sequential scan protocol	T060	C0430022
28140366	472	488	potentially high	T080	C0205556
28140366	531	616	pre-contrast normal-dose scan induced structure tensor total variation regularization	T170	C3161035
28140366	630	662	penalized weighted least-squares	T081	C0023189
28140366	664	668	PWLS	T081	C0023189
28140366	694	707	image quality	T080	C0806487
28140366	711	717	DMP-CT	T060	C2350390
28140366	725	747	low-mAs CT acquisition	T060	C0040405
28140366	802	813	PWLS-ndiSTV	T170	C3161035
28140366	835	856	ndiSTV regularization	T170	C3161035
28140366	880	918	spatial-temporal structure information	T062	C3494293
28140366	922	928	DMP-CT	T060	C2350390
28140366	929	933	data	T078	C1511726
28140366	1019	1040	denoising performance	T080	C0205556
28140366	1069	1091	optimization algorithm	T170	C0002045
28140366	1105	1127	split-Bregman approach	T170	C0178476
28140366	1214	1234	dynamic XCAT phantom	T073	C0282611
28140366	1239	1267	preclinical porcine datasets	T170	C0150098
28140366	1304	1315	PWLS-ndiSTV	T170	C3161035
28140366	1396	1419	noise-induced artifacts	T068	C0085089
28140366	1420	1430	mitigation	T078	C1706602
28140366	1432	1457	edge details preservation	T169	C0205245
28140366	1472	1481	MPHP maps	T061	C0204901

28141713|t|Developmental Regression, Depression, and Psychosocial Stress in an Adolescent with Down Syndrome
28141713|a|Kristen is a 13- year -old girl with Down syndrome (DS) who was seen urgently with concerns of cognitive and developmental regression including loss of language, social, and toileting skills. The evaluation in the DS clinic focused on potential medical diagnoses including atlantoaxial joint instability, vitamin deficiency, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and seizures. A comprehensive medical evaluation yielded only a finding of moderate OSA. A reactive depression was considered in association with several psychosocial factors including moving homes, entering puberty / onset of menses, and classroom change from an integrated setting to a self- contained classroom comprising unfamiliar peers with behavior challenges. Urgent referrals for psychological and psychiatric evaluations were initiated. Neuropsychological testing did not suggest true regression in cognitive, language, and academic skills, although decreases in motivation and performance were noted with a reaction to stress and multiple environmental changes as a potential causative factor. Psychiatry consultation supported this finding in that psychosocial stress temporally correlated with Kristen's regression in skills .Working collaboratively, the team determined that Kristen's presentation was consistent with a reactive form of depression (DSM-IV-TR: depressive disorder, not otherwise specified). Kristen's presentation was exacerbated by salient environmental stress and sleep apnea, rather than a cognitive regression associated with a medical cause. Treatment consisted of an antidepressant medication, continuous positive airway pressure for OSA, and increased psychosocial supports. Her school initiated a change in classroom placement. With this multimodal approach to evaluation and intervention, Kristen steadily improved and she returned to her baseline function.
28141713	0	24	Developmental Regression	T047	C1836830
28141713	26	36	Depression	T048	C0011570
28141713	42	54	Psychosocial	T169	C0542298
28141713	55	61	Stress	T033	C0038435
28141713	68	78	Adolescent	T100	C0205653
28141713	84	97	Down Syndrome	T047	C0013080
28141713	98	105	Kristen	T098	C0027361
28141713	115	119	year	T079	C0439234
28141713	125	129	girl	T100	C0870604
28141713	135	148	Down syndrome	T047	C0013080
28141713	150	152	DS	T047	C0013080
28141713	167	175	urgently	T079	C0439609
28141713	193	202	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28141713	207	231	developmental regression	T047	C1836830
28141713	242	258	loss of language	T033	C1843016
28141713	260	266	social	T169	C0728831
28141713	272	281	toileting	T056	C0150810
28141713	282	288	skills	T055	C0678856
28141713	294	304	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28141713	312	314	DS	T047	C0013080
28141713	315	321	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28141713	343	360	medical diagnoses	T060	C0871813
28141713	371	389	atlantoaxial joint	T030	C0004168
28141713	390	401	instability	T033	C1444783
28141713	403	421	vitamin deficiency	T047	C1510471
28141713	423	446	obstructive sleep apnea	T047	C0520679
28141713	448	451	OSA	T047	C0520679
28141713	458	466	seizures	T184	C0036572
28141713	470	483	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28141713	492	502	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28141713	518	525	finding	T033	C0243095
28141713	529	537	moderate	T080	C0205081
28141713	538	541	OSA	T047	C0520679
28141713	545	564	reactive depression	T048	C0011579
28141713	583	594	association	T080	C0439849
28141713	608	628	psychosocial factors	T080	C0033963
28141713	662	669	puberty	T039	C0034011
28141713	672	687	onset of menses	T040	C0025344
28141713	693	702	classroom	T073	C0870287
28141713	703	709	change	T169	C0392747
28141713	742	767	self- contained classroom	T073	C0870287
28141713	790	795	peers	T098	C0679739
28141713	801	809	behavior	T053	C0004927
28141713	822	828	Urgent	T079	C0439609
28141713	829	838	referrals	T058	C0586090
28141713	843	856	psychological	T169	C0205486
28141713	861	884	psychiatric evaluations	T060	C0846574
28141713	901	927	Neuropsychological testing	T060	C0027902
28141713	936	943	suggest	T078	C1705535
28141713	949	959	regression	T041	C0684321
28141713	963	972	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28141713	974	982	language	T171	C0023008
28141713	988	1003	academic skills	T048	C0023186
28141713	1014	1023	decreases	T081	C0547047
28141713	1027	1037	motivation	T041	C0026605
28141713	1042	1053	performance	T055	C0597198
28141713	1072	1080	reaction	T169	C0443286
28141713	1084	1090	stress	T033	C0038435
28141713	1104	1117	environmental	T082	C0014406
28141713	1118	1125	changes	T169	C0392747
28141713	1159	1182	Psychiatry consultation	T061	C0871700
28141713	1198	1205	finding	T033	C0243095
28141713	1214	1226	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
28141713	1227	1233	stress	T033	C0038435
28141713	1234	1244	temporally	T079	C1254367
28141713	1245	1255	correlated	T080	C1707520
28141713	1261	1270	Kristen's	T098	C0027361
28141713	1271	1281	regression	T041	C0684321
28141713	1285	1291	skills	T055	C0678856
28141713	1301	1316	collaboratively	T054	C0282116
28141713	1322	1326	team	T096	C0871489
28141713	1343	1352	Kristen's	T098	C0027361
28141713	1353	1365	presentation	T078	C0449450
28141713	1370	1385	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28141713	1388	1396	reactive	T080	C0205332
28141713	1405	1415	depression	T048	C0011570
28141713	1417	1426	DSM-IV-TR	T170	C0220952
28141713	1428	1447	depressive disorder	T048	C0011581
28141713	1475	1484	Kristen's	T098	C0027361
28141713	1485	1497	presentation	T078	C0449450
28141713	1502	1513	exacerbated	T080	C1444749
28141713	1525	1538	environmental	T082	C0014406
28141713	1539	1545	stress	T033	C0038435
28141713	1550	1561	sleep apnea	T047	C0037315
28141713	1577	1597	cognitive regression	T033	C3808761
28141713	1598	1613	associated with	T080	C0332281
28141713	1616	1629	medical cause	T169	C0205245
28141713	1631	1640	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28141713	1657	1682	antidepressant medication	T061	C1096649
28141713	1684	1719	continuous positive airway pressure	T061	C0199451
28141713	1724	1727	OSA	T047	C0520679
28141713	1733	1742	increased	T081	C0205217
28141713	1743	1764	psychosocial supports	T033	C3693635
28141713	1770	1776	school	T073,T092	C0036375
28141713	1789	1795	change	T169	C0392747
28141713	1799	1808	classroom	T073	C0870287
28141713	1809	1818	placement	T080	C1524072
28141713	1830	1849	multimodal approach	T061	C0871821
28141713	1853	1863	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28141713	1868	1880	intervention	T061	C0184661
28141713	1882	1889	Kristen	T098	C0027361
28141713	1899	1907	improved	T033	C0184511
28141713	1916	1924	returned	T080	C0332156
28141713	1932	1940	baseline	T081	C1442488
28141713	1941	1949	function	T169	C0542341

28141819|t|Graph-theoretical model of global human interactome reveals enhanced long-range communicability in cancer networks
28141819|a|Malignant transformation is known to involve substantial rearrangement of the molecular genetic landscape of the cell. A common approach to analysis of these alterations is a reductionist one and consists of finding a compact set of differentially expressed genes or associated signaling pathways. However, due to intrinsic tumor heterogeneity and tissue specificity, biomarkers defined by a small number of genes / pathways exhibit substantial variability. As an alternative to compact differential signatures, global features of genetic cell machinery are conceivable. Global network descriptors suggested in previous works are, however, known to potentially be biased by overrepresentation of interactions between frequently studied genes - proteins. Here, we construct a cellular network of 74538 directional and differential gene expression weighted protein-protein and gene regulatory interactions, and perform graph-theoretical analysis of global human interactome using a novel, degree-independent feature-the normalized total communicability (NTC). We apply this framework to assess differences in total information flow between different cancer (BRCA / COAD / GBM) and non-cancer interactomes. Our experimental results reveal that different cancer interactomes are characterized by significant enhancement of long-range NTC, which arises from circulation of information flow within robustly organized gene subnetworks. Although enhancement of NTC emerges in different cancer types from different genomic profiles, we identified a subset of 90 common genes that are related to elevated NTC in all studied tumors. Our ontological analysis shows that these genes are associated with enhanced cell division, DNA replication, stress response, and other cellular functions and processes typically upregulated in cancer. We conclude that enhancement of long-range NTC manifested in the correlated activity of genes whose tight coordination is required for survival and proliferation of all tumor cells, and, thus, can be seen as a graph-theoretical equivalent to some hallmarks of cancer. The computational framework for differential network analysis presented herein is of potential interest for a wide range of network perturbation problems given by single or multiple gene-protein activation-inhibition.
28141819	0	23	Graph-theoretical model	T170	C0026350
28141819	34	51	human interactome	T044	C0872079
28141819	99	114	cancer networks	T093	C1516199
28141819	115	139	Malignant transformation	T191	C1608408
28141819	172	210	rearrangement of the molecular genetic	T045	C0017287
28141819	211	232	landscape of the cell	T082	C0870781
28141819	255	306	analysis of these alterations is a reductionist one	UnknownType	C0678931
28141819	363	378	expressed genes	T028	C0017337
28141819	393	411	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
28141819	429	458	intrinsic tumor heterogeneity	T032	C0242960
28141819	463	481	tissue specificity	T042	C2713393
28141819	483	493	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
28141819	523	528	genes	T028	C0017337
28141819	531	539	pathways	T044	C1704259
28141819	548	571	substantial variability	T077	C2827666
28141819	594	625	compact differential signatures	T201	C1513392
28141819	627	668	global features of genetic cell machinery	T034	C1292417
28141819	686	712	Global network descriptors	T170	C0282354
28141819	779	785	biased	T078	C0242568
28141819	789	823	overrepresentation of interactions	T052	C1882932
28141819	851	856	genes	T028	C0017337
28141819	859	867	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28141819	890	906	cellular network	T044	C1720950
28141819	945	960	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28141819	970	985	protein-protein	T044	C0872079
28141819	990	1018	gene regulatory interactions	T045	C0596610
28141819	1032	1058	graph-theoretical analysis	T062,T170	C0039778
28141819	1062	1086	global human interactome	T044	C0872079
28141819	1133	1165	normalized total communicability	T075	C0026336
28141819	1167	1170	NTC	T075	C0026336
28141819	1187	1206	framework to assess	T075	C0026336
28141819	1263	1269	cancer	T191	C0006826
28141819	1271	1275	BRCA	T191	C0853879
28141819	1278	1282	COAD	T191	C0338106
28141819	1285	1288	GBM	T191	C0017636
28141819	1294	1317	non-cancer interactomes	T044	C1148560
28141819	1366	1385	cancer interactomes	T045	C0596610
28141819	1445	1448	NTC	T075	C0026336
28141819	1526	1542	gene subnetworks	T044	C1720950
28141819	1568	1571	NTC	T075	C0026336
28141819	1593	1605	cancer types	T033	C0872066
28141819	1621	1637	genomic profiles	T059	C2986505
28141819	1675	1680	genes	T028	C0017337
28141819	1710	1713	NTC	T075	C0026336
28141819	1729	1735	tumors	T191	C0027651
28141819	1741	1752	ontological	T090	C1518584
28141819	1753	1761	analysis	T062	C0936012
28141819	1779	1784	genes	T028	C0017337
28141819	1805	1827	enhanced cell division	T043	C0007590
28141819	1829	1844	DNA replication	T045	C0598312
28141819	1846	1861	stress response	T039	C0149784
28141819	1873	1905	cellular functions and processes	T043	C0007613
28141819	1916	1937	upregulated in cancer	T044	C0041904
28141819	1982	1985	NTC	T075	C0026336
28141819	2015	2032	activity of genes	T045	C0314627
28141819	2074	2082	survival	T043	C0007620
28141819	2087	2119	proliferation of all tumor cells	T043	C0596290
28141819	2149	2166	graph-theoretical	T062,T170	C0039778
28141819	2186	2205	hallmarks of cancer	T025	C1512330
28141819	2211	2234	computational framework	T170	C0282574
28141819	2239	2268	differential network analysis	T062	C0936012
28141819	2339	2351	perturbation	T169	C0332453
28141819	2389	2423	gene-protein activation-inhibition	T045	C0017263

28141942|t|Reverse breech extraction versus the standard approach of pushing the impacted fetal head up through the vagina in caesarean section for obstructed labour: A randomised controlled trial
28141942|a|The objective of this study was to assess effectiveness and safety of the reverse breech extraction approach in Caesarean section for obstructed labour, and compare it with the standard approach of pushing the fetal head up through the vagina. This randomised controlled trial included 192 women. In 96, the baby was delivered by the ' reverse breech extraction approach', and in the remaining 96, by the ' standard approach '. Extension of uterine incision occurred in 18 participants (18.8%) in the reverse breech extraction approach group, and 46 (47.9%) in the standard approach group (p = .0003). Two women (2.1%) in the reverse breech extraction approach group needed blood transfusion and 11 (11.5%) in the standard approach group (p = .012). Pyrexia developed in 3 participants (3.1%) in the reverse breech extraction approach group, and 19 (19.8%) in the standard approach group (p = .0006). Wound infection occurred in 2 women (2.1%) in the reverse breech extraction approach group, and 12 (12.5%) in the standard approach group (p = .007). Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes was noted in 8 babies (8.3%) in the reverse breech extraction approach group, and 21 (21.9%) in the standard approach group (p = .015). In conclusion, reverse breech extraction in Caesarean section for obstructed labour is an effective and safe alternative to the standard approach of pushing the fetal head up through the vagina.
28141942	0	25	Reverse breech extraction	T061	C0851252
28141942	58	92	pushing the impacted fetal head up	T058	C2825496
28141942	105	111	vagina	T023	C0042232
28141942	115	132	caesarean section	T061	C0007876
28141942	137	154	obstructed labour	T046	C0152156
28141942	158	185	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28141942	190	199	objective	T078	C2985627
28141942	208	213	study	T062	C0008972
28141942	228	241	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28141942	246	252	safety	T068	C0036043
28141942	260	285	reverse breech extraction	T061	C0851252
28141942	298	315	Caesarean section	T061	C0007876
28141942	320	337	obstructed labour	T046	C0152156
28141942	384	409	pushing the fetal head up	T058	C2825496
28141942	422	428	vagina	T023	C0042232
28141942	435	462	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28141942	476	481	women	T098	C0043210
28141942	494	498	baby	T100	C0021270
28141942	503	512	delivered	T061	C0011209
28141942	522	547	reverse breech extraction	T061	C0851252
28141942	593	610	standard approach	T058	C2825496
28141942	614	623	Extension	T169	C0231448
28141942	627	643	uterine incision	T061	C0195270
28141942	659	671	participants	T098	C0679646
28141942	687	712	reverse breech extraction	T061	C0851252
28141942	722	727	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28141942	751	774	standard approach group	UnknownType	C0681860
28141942	792	797	women	T098	C0043210
28141942	812	837	reverse breech extraction	T061	C0851252
28141942	847	852	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28141942	860	877	blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28141942	900	923	standard approach group	UnknownType	C0681860
28141942	936	943	Pyrexia	T184	C0015967
28141942	959	971	participants	T098	C0679646
28141942	986	1011	reverse breech extraction	T061	C0851252
28141942	1021	1026	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28141942	1050	1073	standard approach group	UnknownType	C0681860
28141942	1087	1102	Wound infection	T046	C0043241
28141942	1117	1122	women	T098	C0043210
28141942	1137	1162	reverse breech extraction	T061	C0851252
28141942	1172	1177	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28141942	1201	1224	standard approach group	UnknownType	C0681860
28141942	1237	1248	Apgar score	T032	C0003533
28141942	1280	1286	babies	T100	C0021270
28141942	1301	1326	reverse breech extraction	T061	C0851252
28141942	1336	1341	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28141942	1365	1388	standard approach group	UnknownType	C0681860
28141942	1416	1441	reverse breech extraction	T061	C0851252
28141942	1445	1462	Caesarean section	T061	C0007876
28141942	1467	1484	obstructed labour	T046	C0152156
28141942	1491	1500	effective	T080	C1704419
28141942	1550	1575	pushing the fetal head up	T058	C2825496
28141942	1588	1594	vagina	T023	C0042232

28143537|t|Overview of findings from a 2- year study of claimants who had sustained a mild or moderate injury in a road traffic crash: prospective study
28143537|a|Studies have shown that in people injured in a road traffic crash, persistent symptoms are common and can lead to significant ongoing personal impact. Hence, elucidating factors associated with the human costs are key to reducing the socio-economic burden of road traffic injuries. Therefore, in this study we aimed to track the experience and key outcomes of persons who had sustained mild / moderate injuries as they returned to health (and work, where relevant) following a road traffic crash. It is an inception study cohort of adults who had sustained mild to moderate injuries (that is, except serious injuries) in motor vehicle crashes in New South Wales, Australia, who were recruited and interviewed at baseline (within 3 months of the crash) and at 6, 12 and 24 months post-injury. We found that minor injuries had major impacts on pain ratings, physical and mental well-being, health -related quality of life and return to work and pre-injury participation during the 24 months post-injury phase. Further, for mild to moderately severe injuries, biopsychosocial factors appear to be prognostic indicators of recovery (not the location or type of injury). Examples of key biopsychosocial factors are: age; preinjury health; quality of life; reactions to injury (catastrophising, and pain); social support and the third party insurance compensation system. This study highlights the considerable impact of apparently " minor " road traffic crash injuries at a population level and suggests targeted approaches to the tertiary prevention of long-term morbidity and disability. Study findings have also reiterated the importance of looking beyond the injury to the 'whole person '.
28143537	0	8	Overview	T170	C0814812
28143537	12	20	findings	T169	C2607943
28143537	31	35	year	T079	C0439234
28143537	36	41	study	T062	C2603343
28143537	45	54	claimants	T096	C3242711
28143537	63	72	sustained	T169	C0443318
28143537	75	79	mild	T080	C2945599
28143537	83	91	moderate	T080	C0205081
28143537	92	98	injury	T037	C3263723
28143537	104	108	road	T073	C0442650
28143537	109	122	traffic crash	T037	C0000932
28143537	124	141	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28143537	169	175	people	T098	C0027361
28143537	176	183	injured	T169	C0332664
28143537	189	193	road	T073	C0442650
28143537	194	207	traffic crash	T037	C0000932
28143537	209	219	persistent	T079	C0205322
28143537	220	228	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28143537	276	284	personal	T032	C1519021
28143537	285	291	impact	T080	C4049986
28143537	312	319	factors	T169	C1521761
28143537	320	335	associated with	T080	C0332281
28143537	340	345	human	T016	C0086418
28143537	346	351	costs	T081	C0010186
28143537	363	371	reducing	T080	C0392756
28143537	376	390	socio-economic	T077	C0748878
28143537	391	397	burden	T078	C2828008
28143537	401	405	road	T073	C0442650
28143537	406	413	traffic	T033	C3840880
28143537	414	422	injuries	T037	C3263723
28143537	443	448	study	T062	C2603343
28143537	471	481	experience	T041	C0596545
28143537	490	498	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28143537	502	509	persons	T098	C0027361
28143537	518	527	sustained	T169	C0443318
28143537	528	532	mild	T080	C2945599
28143537	535	543	moderate	T080	C0205081
28143537	544	552	injuries	T037	C3263723
28143537	573	579	health	T078	C0018684
28143537	585	589	work	T057	C0043227
28143537	597	605	relevant	T080	C2347946
28143537	619	623	road	T073	C0442650
28143537	624	637	traffic crash	T037	C0000932
28143537	648	657	inception	UnknownType	C0150101
28143537	658	663	study	T081	C0009247
28143537	664	670	cohort	T098	C0599755
28143537	674	680	adults	T100	C0001675
28143537	689	698	sustained	T169	C0443318
28143537	699	703	mild	T080	C2945599
28143537	707	715	moderate	T080	C0205081
28143537	716	724	injuries	T037	C3263723
28143537	742	749	serious	T080	C0205404
28143537	750	758	injuries	T037	C3263723
28143537	763	776	motor vehicle	T073	C0175845
28143537	777	784	crashes	T067	C0683911
28143537	788	803	New South Wales	T083	C0027975
28143537	805	814	Australia	T083	C0004340
28143537	839	850	interviewed	T052	C0021822
28143537	854	862	baseline	T081	C1442488
28143537	873	879	months	T079	C0439231
28143537	887	892	crash	T067	C0683911
28143537	914	920	months	T079	C0439231
28143537	921	932	post-injury	T037	C3263723
28143537	948	953	minor	T080	C0205165
28143537	954	962	injuries	T037	C3263723
28143537	973	980	impacts	T080	C4049986
28143537	984	988	pain	T184	C0030193
28143537	989	996	ratings	T170	C0429688
28143537	998	1006	physical	T033	C0517226
28143537	1011	1028	mental well-being	T041	C0025353
28143537	1030	1036	health	T078	C0018684
28143537	1046	1061	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28143537	1076	1080	work	T057	C0043227
28143537	1085	1095	pre-injury	T037	C3263723
28143537	1096	1109	participation	T169	C0679823
28143537	1124	1130	months	T079	C0439231
28143537	1131	1142	post-injury	T037	C3263723
28143537	1143	1148	phase	T079	C0205390
28143537	1163	1167	mild	T080	C2945599
28143537	1171	1181	moderately	T080	C0205081
28143537	1182	1188	severe	T080	C0205082
28143537	1189	1197	injuries	T037	C3263723
28143537	1199	1222	biopsychosocial factors	T169	C1521761
28143537	1236	1257	prognostic indicators	T080	C1514475
28143537	1261	1269	recovery	T052	C0237820
28143537	1279	1287	location	T082	C0450429
28143537	1291	1295	type	T080	C0332307
28143537	1299	1305	injury	T037	C3263723
28143537	1324	1347	biopsychosocial factors	T169	C1521761
28143537	1353	1356	age	T032	C0001779
28143537	1358	1367	preinjury	T037	C3263723
28143537	1368	1374	health	T078	C0018684
28143537	1376	1391	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28143537	1393	1402	reactions	T169	C0443286
28143537	1406	1412	injury	T037	C3263723
28143537	1414	1429	catastrophising	T033	C3540840
28143537	1435	1439	pain	T184	C0030193
28143537	1442	1456	social support	T054	C0037438
28143537	1465	1486	third party insurance	UnknownType	C0680872
28143537	1487	1506	compensation system	T081	C0220808
28143537	1513	1518	study	T062	C2603343
28143537	1547	1553	impact	T080	C4049986
28143537	1557	1567	apparently	T078	C0750541
28143537	1570	1575	minor	T080	C0205165
28143537	1578	1582	road	T073	C0442650
28143537	1583	1596	traffic crash	T037	C0000932
28143537	1597	1605	injuries	T037	C3263723
28143537	1611	1621	population	T098	C1257890
28143537	1622	1627	level	T080	C0441889
28143537	1641	1649	targeted	T169	C1521840
28143537	1650	1660	approaches	T169	C1292724
28143537	1668	1687	tertiary prevention	T061	C0679700
28143537	1691	1700	long-term	T079	C0443252
28143537	1701	1710	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28143537	1715	1725	disability	T033	C0231170
28143537	1727	1732	Study	T062	C2603343
28143537	1733	1741	findings	T169	C2607943
28143537	1800	1806	injury	T037	C3263723
28143537	1821	1827	person	T098	C0027361

28143560|t|Insecticidal effects of deltamethrin in laboratory and field populations of Culicoides species: how effective are host - contact reduction methods in India?
28143560|a|Bluetongue virus (BTV) is transmitted by Culicoides biting midges and causes bluetongue (BT), a clinical disease observed primarily in sheep. BT has a detrimental effect on subsistence farmers in India, where hyperendemic outbreaks impact on smallholdings in the southern states of the country. In this study, we establish a reliable method for testing the toxic effects of deltamethrin on Culicoides and then compare deltamethrin with traditional control methods used by farmers in India. Effects of deltamethrin were initially tested using a colonised strain of Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen and a modified World Health Organisation exposure assay. This method was then applied to field populations of Culicoides spp. in India. The field population of C. oxystoma in India had a greater LC50 (0.012 ± 0.009%) for deltamethrin than laboratory-reared C.nubeculosus (0.0013 ± 0.0002%). Exposure of C. nubeculosus to deltamethrin at higher ambient temperatures resulted in greater rates of knockdown but a lower mortality rate at 24 h post-exposure. Behavioural assays with C. nubeculosus in WHO tubes provided evidence for contact irritancy and spatial repellence caused by deltamethrin. The field experiments in India, however, provided no evidence for repellent or toxic effects of deltamethrin. Traditional methods such as the application of neem oil and burning of neem leaves also provided no protection. Our study demonstrates that field -collected Culicoides in India are less susceptible to deltamethrin exposure than laboratory-bred C. nubeculosus and traditional methods of insect control do not provide protection to sheep. These low levels of susceptibility to deltamethrin have not been recorded before in field populations of Culicoides and suggest resistance to synthetic pyrethrioids. Alternative insect control methods, in addition to vaccination, may be needed to protect Indian livestock from BTV transmission.
28143560	0	20	Insecticidal effects	T038	C0596781
28143560	24	36	deltamethrin	T109,T121,T131	C0057233
28143560	40	50	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28143560	55	60	field	T077	C1521738
28143560	61	72	populations	T081	C0032659
28143560	76	94	Culicoides species	T204	C0010446
28143560	114	118	host	T001	C1167395
28143560	121	128	contact	T067	C0392367
28143560	129	138	reduction	T080	C0392756
28143560	139	146	methods	T062	C0242481
28143560	150	155	India	T083	C0021201
28143560	157	173	Bluetongue virus	T005	C0005867
28143560	175	178	BTV	T005	C0005867
28143560	183	194	transmitted	T046	C0242781
28143560	198	208	Culicoides	T204	C0010446
28143560	209	222	biting midges	T204	C0007747
28143560	234	244	bluetongue	T047	C0005866
28143560	246	248	BT	T047	C0005866
28143560	253	269	clinical disease	T047	C0012634
28143560	292	297	sheep	T015	C0036945
28143560	299	301	BT	T047	C0005866
28143560	308	326	detrimental effect	T046	C0879626
28143560	342	349	farmers	T097	C0221460
28143560	353	358	India	T083	C0021201
28143560	366	388	hyperendemic outbreaks	T047	C0277550
28143560	420	435	southern states	T083	C1301808
28143560	443	450	country	T083	C0454664
28143560	491	497	method	T062	C0242481
28143560	514	527	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
28143560	531	543	deltamethrin	T109,T121,T131	C0057233
28143560	547	557	Culicoides	T204	C0010446
28143560	575	587	deltamethrin	T109,T121,T131	C0057233
28143560	593	620	traditional control methods	T062	C3824729
28143560	629	636	farmers	T097	C0221460
28143560	640	645	India	T083	C0021201
28143560	658	670	deltamethrin	T109,T121,T131	C0057233
28143560	701	717	colonised strain	T080	C0456178
28143560	721	750	Culicoides nubeculosus Meigen	T204	C0322767
28143560	766	791	World Health Organisation	T093	C0043237
28143560	792	806	exposure assay	T059	C0005507
28143560	813	819	method	T062	C0242481
28143560	840	845	field	T077	C1521738
28143560	846	857	populations	T081	C0032659
28143560	861	876	Culicoides spp.	T204	C0010446
28143560	880	885	India	T083	C0021201
28143560	891	896	field	T077	C1521738
28143560	897	907	population	T081	C0032659
28143560	911	922	C. oxystoma	T204	C0322770
28143560	926	931	India	T083	C0021201
28143560	972	984	deltamethrin	T109,T121,T131	C0057233
28143560	990	1007	laboratory-reared	T059	C0022885
28143560	1008	1021	C.nubeculosus	T204	C0322767
28143560	1054	1068	C. nubeculosus	T204	C0322767
28143560	1072	1084	deltamethrin	T109,T121,T131	C0057233
28143560	1095	1115	ambient temperatures	T070	C0428692
28143560	1167	1181	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
28143560	1205	1223	Behavioural assays	T059	C0005507
28143560	1229	1243	C. nubeculosus	T204	C0322767
28143560	1247	1250	WHO	T093	C0043237
28143560	1251	1256	tubes	T077	C1561954
28143560	1330	1342	deltamethrin	T109,T121,T131	C0057233
28143560	1348	1353	field	T077	C1521738
28143560	1354	1365	experiments	T062	C0681814
28143560	1369	1374	India	T083	C0021201
28143560	1410	1419	repellent	T131	C0544309
28143560	1423	1436	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
28143560	1440	1452	deltamethrin	T109,T121,T131	C0057233
28143560	1454	1473	Traditional methods	T062	C0242481
28143560	1486	1497	application	T169	C4048755
28143560	1501	1509	neem oil	T109,T121	C0068484
28143560	1514	1521	burning	T067	C1254366
28143560	1525	1529	neem	T002	C1060234
28143560	1530	1536	leaves	T002	C0242724
28143560	1551	1553	no	T033	C1513916
28143560	1554	1564	protection	T033	C1545588
28143560	1594	1599	field	T077	C1521738
28143560	1611	1621	Culicoides	T204	C0010446
28143560	1625	1630	India	T083	C0021201
28143560	1655	1667	deltamethrin	T109,T121,T131	C0057233
28143560	1682	1697	laboratory-bred	T059	C0022885
28143560	1698	1712	C. nubeculosus	T204	C0322767
28143560	1717	1736	traditional methods	T062	C0242481
28143560	1740	1754	insect control	T068	C0021569
28143560	1770	1780	protection	T033	C1545588
28143560	1784	1789	sheep	T015	C0036945
28143560	1811	1825	susceptibility	T038	C1326888
28143560	1829	1841	deltamethrin	T109,T121,T131	C0057233
28143560	1875	1880	field	T077	C1521738
28143560	1881	1892	populations	T081	C0032659
28143560	1896	1906	Culicoides	T204	C0010446
28143560	1919	1929	resistance	T032	C0021575
28143560	1933	1955	synthetic pyrethrioids	T121	C1254351
28143560	1969	1983	insect control	T068	C0021569
28143560	1984	1991	methods	T062	C0242481
28143560	2008	2019	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28143560	2046	2052	Indian	T083	C0021201
28143560	2053	2062	livestock	T008	C2936506
28143560	2068	2071	BTV	T005	C0005867
28143560	2072	2084	transmission	T046	C0242781

28143658|t|Molecular docking simulation and anticancer assessment on human breast carcinoma cell line using novel bis(1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile) and bis(1,4-dihydropyrazolo[4',3':5,6]pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carbonitrile) derivatives
28143658|a|An efficient route for the synthesis of novel bis(1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile) derivatives is reported. The synthetic pathway involves one pot, synthesis of bis-aldehydes, malononitrile, and pyrazolone in the presence of pyridine. The anticancer activity of the synthesized products against MCF7, HEPG2, and A549 cell lines was assessed. Docking studies were performed and indicated the best binding mode compared to the standard ligand sorafenib.
28143658	0	28	Molecular docking simulation	T063	C3494273
28143658	33	54	anticancer assessment	T061	C0920425
28143658	58	63	human	T016	C0086418
28143658	64	80	breast carcinoma	T191	C0678222
28143658	81	90	cell line	T025	C0007634
28143658	103	155	bis(1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile)	T121	C1254351
28143658	160	243	bis(1,4-dihydropyrazolo[4',3':5,6]pyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-6-carbonitrile) derivatives	T121	C1254351
28143658	247	256	efficient	T080	C0442799
28143658	257	262	route	T082	C0449444
28143658	271	280	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28143658	290	354	bis(1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile) derivatives	T121	C1254351
28143658	372	381	synthetic	T052	C1883254
28143658	382	389	pathway	T077	C1705987
28143658	408	417	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28143658	421	434	bis-aldehydes	T109	C0029224
28143658	436	449	malononitrile	T109	C0057889
28143658	455	465	pyrazolone	T109,T121	C0072664
28143658	485	493	pyridine	T109,T130	C0034251
28143658	499	518	anticancer activity	T061	C0920425
28143658	526	537	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28143658	538	546	products	T071	C1514468
28143658	555	559	MCF7	T025	C0596890
28143658	561	566	HEPG2	T025	C2717940
28143658	572	587	A549 cell lines	T025	C4277577
28143658	592	600	assessed	T052	C1516048
28143658	602	617	Docking studies	T170	C3494274
28143658	656	668	binding mode	T052	C1145667
28143658	701	710	sorafenib	T109,T121	C1516119

28143831|t|Complex patterns of multiple biomineralization in single-celled plant trichomes of the Loasaceae
28143831|a|Plants of the family Loasaceae are characterized by a usually dense indument of various trichome types, including two basically different types of mineralized, unicellular trichomes (stinging hairs or setae and scabrid-glochidiate trichomes). Mineralized trichomes have long been known to have silicified or calcified walls, but recent studies demonstrated that trichomes of Loasaceae may also contain calcium phosphate. The current study investigates the distribution of different biominerals in the mineralized trichomes across several different taxa. Plants from cultivation were studied with scanning electron microscopy including energy dispersive x-ray analyses and element mapping. The vast majority of the 31 species investigated had at least two different biominerals in their trichomes, and 22 had three different biominerals in their trichomes. Thirty of the species had calcium phosphate in their trichomes. Loasa was mostly free of silica, but contained calcium phosphate in trichome tips and barbs, whereas calcium phosphate and silica were found in representatives of other genera of the family (Blumenbachia, Caiophora, Nasa). Biomineralization is remarkably diversified between species, different trichome types and parts of the same trichome. Individual genera largely had different patterns of biomineralization. The presence of three biominerals in the trichomes of the basally branching Eucnide urens indicates either an early evolution and subsequent loss or several independent origins of multiple biomineralization. Differential biomineralization of the parts of individual, unicellular trichomes clearly indicates an extraordinary degree of physiological control over this process.
28143831	0	7	Complex	T080	C0439855
28143831	8	16	patterns	T082	C0449774
28143831	20	28	multiple	T081	C0439064
28143831	29	46	biomineralization	T042	C0006660
28143831	50	79	single-celled plant trichomes	T026	C3157031
28143831	87	96	Loasaceae	T002	C1007091
28143831	97	103	Plants	T002	C0032098
28143831	111	117	family	T099	C0015576
28143831	118	127	Loasaceae	T002	C1007091
28143831	132	145	characterized	T052	C1880022
28143831	159	164	dense	T080	C0439794
28143831	185	193	trichome	T023	C3658255
28143831	194	199	types	T080	C0332307
28143831	235	240	types	T080	C0332307
28143831	244	255	mineralized	T023	C0230890
28143831	257	278	unicellular trichomes	T026	C3157031
28143831	280	294	stinging hairs	T023	C0018494
28143831	298	303	setae	T023	C2936472
28143831	328	337	trichomes	T023	C3658255
28143831	340	351	Mineralized	T023	C0230890
28143831	352	361	trichomes	T023	C3658255
28143831	405	414	calcified	T080	C0175895
28143831	415	420	walls	T026	C0007623
28143831	433	440	studies	T062	C2603343
28143831	459	468	trichomes	T023	C3658255
28143831	472	481	Loasaceae	T002	C1007091
28143831	499	516	calcium phosphate	T121,T197	C0006711
28143831	530	535	study	T062	C2603343
28143831	536	548	investigates	T169	C1292732
28143831	553	565	distribution	T169	C1704711
28143831	579	590	biominerals	T197	C0026162
28143831	598	609	mineralized	T023	C0230890
28143831	610	619	trichomes	T023	C3658255
28143831	645	649	taxa	T077	C1515221
28143831	651	657	Plants	T002	C0032098
28143831	680	687	studied	T062	C2603343
28143831	693	721	scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
28143831	732	764	energy dispersive x-ray analyses	T059	C2699997
28143831	769	776	element	T077	C1705248
28143831	777	784	mapping	T052	C1283195
28143831	814	821	species	T185	C1705920
28143831	862	873	biominerals	T197	C0026162
28143831	883	892	trichomes	T023	C3658255
28143831	921	932	biominerals	T197	C0026162
28143831	942	951	trichomes	T023	C3658255
28143831	967	974	species	T185	C1705920
28143831	979	996	calcium phosphate	T121,T197	C0006711
28143831	1006	1015	trichomes	T023	C3658255
28143831	1017	1022	Loasa	T002	C1007100
28143831	1034	1041	free of	T169	C0332197
28143831	1042	1048	silica	T122,T197	C0037098
28143831	1064	1081	calcium phosphate	T121,T197	C0006711
28143831	1085	1093	trichome	T023	C3658255
28143831	1094	1098	tips	T080	C3282898
28143831	1103	1108	barbs	T023	C3686912
28143831	1118	1135	calcium phosphate	T121,T197	C0006711
28143831	1140	1146	silica	T122,T197	C0037098
28143831	1161	1176	representatives	T052	C1882932
28143831	1186	1192	genera	T185	C1708235
28143831	1200	1206	family	T099	C0015576
28143831	1208	1220	Blumenbachia	T002	C1215730
28143831	1222	1231	Caiophora	T002	C1007092
28143831	1233	1237	Nasa	T002	C1254183
28143831	1240	1257	Biomineralization	T042	C0006660
28143831	1272	1283	diversified	T080	C1880371
28143831	1292	1299	species	T185	C1705920
28143831	1311	1319	trichome	T023	C3658255
28143831	1320	1325	types	T080	C0332307
28143831	1330	1335	parts	T082	C0449719
28143831	1348	1356	trichome	T023	C3658255
28143831	1358	1368	Individual	T098	C0237401
28143831	1369	1375	genera	T185	C1708235
28143831	1398	1406	patterns	T082	C0449774
28143831	1410	1427	biomineralization	T042	C0006660
28143831	1433	1441	presence	T033	C0150312
28143831	1451	1462	biominerals	T197	C0026162
28143831	1470	1479	trichomes	T023	C3658255
28143831	1487	1494	basally	T082	C0205112
28143831	1495	1504	branching	T082	C0205384
28143831	1505	1518	Eucnide urens	T002	C1021985
28143831	1539	1544	early	T079	C1279919
28143831	1545	1554	evolution	T045	C3825184
28143831	1570	1574	loss	T081	C1517945
28143831	1586	1597	independent	T078	C0085862
28143831	1598	1605	origins	T079	C0439659
28143831	1609	1617	multiple	T081	C0439064
28143831	1618	1635	biomineralization	T042	C0006660
28143831	1637	1649	Differential	T080	C0443199
28143831	1650	1667	biomineralization	T042	C0006660
28143831	1675	1680	parts	T082	C0449719
28143831	1684	1694	individual	T098	C0237401
28143831	1696	1717	unicellular trichomes	T026	C3157031
28143831	1739	1752	extraordinary	T080	C0015370
28143831	1753	1759	degree	T081	C0449286
28143831	1763	1776	physiological	T169	C0205463
28143831	1777	1784	control	T169	C2587213
28143831	1795	1802	process	T067	C1522240

28144096|t|Burden of cervical cancer and role of screening in India
28144096|a|Cervical cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality in women and more than a quarter of its global burden is contributed by developing countries. In India, in spite of alarmingly high figures, there is no nationwide government-sponsored screening program. This study was conducted to assess the burden of cervical cancer in India and review the performance characteristics of available cervical cancer screening tools, so as to provide evidence -based recommendations for application of most practically suited screening test to be used in resource -poor field settings. MEDLINE and Web of Science electronic database were searched from January 1990 to December 2015, using the keywords such as " cervical cancer ", " screening ", " early detection ", " cervical cytology " and " visual inspection ", and their corresponding MeSH terms in combination with Boolean operators "OR, AND." Two authors independently selected studies that are published in English and conducted in India. A total of 11 studies were found to be relevant and eligible to be included in the present study. In India, cervical cancer contributes to approximately 6-29% of all cancers in women. The age-adjusted incidence rate of cervical cancer varies widely among registries; highest is 23.07/100,000 in Mizoram state and the lowest is 4.91/100,000 in Dibrugarh district. The pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), magnified VIA, visual inspection with Lugol's iodine (VILI), cytology (Pap smear), and human papillomavirus DNA were found to be 67.65% and 84.32%, 65.36% and 85.76%, 78.27% and 87.10%, 62.11% and 93.51%, and 77.81% and 91.54%, respectively. In developing countries because of lack of necessary infrastructure and quality control, high-quality cytology screening may not be feasible for wide-scale implementation. Hence, cervical cancer screening program based on visual screening test such as VIA / VILI should be adopted as an integral part of primary health-care setup in resource - poor countries like India.
28144096	0	6	Burden	T078	C2828008
28144096	10	25	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28144096	38	47	screening	T058	C1710032
28144096	51	56	India	T083	C0021201
28144096	57	72	Cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28144096	93	109	cancer mortality	T081	C1516192
28144096	113	118	women	T098	C0043210
28144096	135	142	quarter	T081	C2825406
28144096	150	156	global	T080	C2348867
28144096	157	163	burden	T078	C2828008
28144096	167	178	contributed	T052	C1880177
28144096	182	202	developing countries	T080	C0011750
28144096	207	212	India	T083	C0021201
28144096	274	312	government-sponsored screening program	T064	C0018109
28144096	319	324	study	T062	C2603343
28144096	329	338	conducted	T169	C0205245
28144096	342	348	assess	T052	C1516048
28144096	353	359	burden	T078	C2828008
28144096	363	378	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28144096	382	387	India	T083	C0021201
28144096	392	398	review	T169	C0699752
28144096	403	414	performance	T052	C1882330
28144096	415	430	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28144096	444	459	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28144096	460	469	screening	T058	C1710032
28144096	486	493	provide	T052	C1999230
28144096	494	502	evidence	T078	C3887511
28144096	510	525	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28144096	569	583	screening test	T060	C2717746
28144096	598	606	resource	T078	C0035201
28144096	629	636	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28144096	641	675	Web of Science electronic database	T170	C3841595
28144096	681	689	searched	T052	C1706202
28144096	695	702	January	T080	C3829466
28144096	711	719	December	T080	C3830550
28144096	736	744	keywords	T170	C1708608
28144096	755	770	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28144096	776	785	screening	T060	C2717746
28144096	791	806	early detection	T060	C0596473
28144096	812	829	cervical cytology	T059	C0856201
28144096	838	855	visual inspection	T058	C3669138
28144096	883	893	MeSH terms	T170	C1135584
28144096	897	908	combination	T080	C0205195
28144096	914	931	Boolean operators	T169	C1881439
28144096	947	954	authors	T097	C3812881
28144096	969	977	selected	T052	C1707391
28144096	978	985	studies	T062	C2603343
28144096	995	1004	published	T170	C1704324
28144096	1008	1015	English	T171	C0376245
28144096	1020	1029	conducted	T169	C0205245
28144096	1033	1038	India	T083	C0021201
28144096	1042	1047	total	T080	C0439810
28144096	1054	1061	studies	T062	C2603343
28144096	1067	1072	found	T033	C0150312
28144096	1079	1087	relevant	T080	C2347946
28144096	1092	1100	eligible	T080	C1548635
28144096	1107	1115	included	T169	C0332257
28144096	1123	1130	present	T033	C0150312
28144096	1131	1136	study	T062	C2603343
28144096	1141	1146	India	T083	C0021201
28144096	1148	1163	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28144096	1164	1175	contributes	T052	C1880177
28144096	1179	1192	approximately	T080	C0332232
28144096	1206	1213	cancers	T191	C0006826
28144096	1217	1222	women	T098	C0043210
28144096	1228	1255	age-adjusted incidence rate	T081	C1706747
28144096	1259	1274	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28144096	1295	1305	registries	T170	C0034975
28144096	1307	1314	highest	T080	C1522410
28144096	1335	1348	Mizoram state	UnknownType	C0681784
28144096	1357	1363	lowest	T080	C1708760
28144096	1383	1401	Dibrugarh district	UnknownType	C0681784
28144096	1414	1423	estimates	T081	C0750572
28144096	1427	1438	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28144096	1443	1454	specificity	T081	C0037791
28144096	1458	1492	visual inspection with acetic acid	T060	C0430022
28144096	1494	1497	VIA	T060	C0430022
28144096	1500	1513	magnified VIA	T060	C0430022
28144096	1515	1552	visual inspection with Lugol's iodine	T060	C1519194
28144096	1554	1558	VILI	T060	C1519194
28144096	1561	1569	cytology	T059	C1305671
28144096	1571	1580	Pap smear	T060	C0079104
28144096	1587	1611	human papillomavirus DNA	T059	C2985459
28144096	1745	1765	developing countries	T080	C0011750
28144096	1777	1781	lack	T080	C0332268
28144096	1795	1809	infrastructure	T185	C1998546
28144096	1814	1829	quality control	T169	C0034378
28144096	1831	1843	high-quality	T080	C0332306
28144096	1844	1862	cytology screening	T060	C0199230
28144096	1898	1912	implementation	T052	C1708476
28144096	1921	1936	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28144096	1937	1946	screening	T058	C1710032
28144096	1947	1954	program	T169	C3484370
28144096	1964	1985	visual screening test	T060	C2717746
28144096	1994	1997	VIA	T060	C0430022
28144096	2000	2004	VILI	T060	C1519194
28144096	2054	2071	health-care setup	T058	C0086388
28144096	2075	2083	resource	T078	C0035201
28144096	2086	2090	poor	T080	C2700379
28144096	2091	2100	countries	T083	C0454664
28144096	2106	2111	India	T083	C0021201

28144189|t|Correlation of the Lipid Profile, BMI and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women
28144189|a|To the reduction of bone density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women contribute elevated lipid parameters and Body Mass Index (BMI). The goal of our study was to determine the correlation between lipid parameters, BMI and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The study was carried out by matched type between experimental group and controls. The experimental group consisted of 100 females at postmenopausal age, in which by the DEXA method was diagnosed osteoporosis at the Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center of RS during 2015-2016, while the control group consisted of 100 females in a postmenopausal age but without diagnosed osteoporosis. The groups were matched by age (± 2 years). To all participants of the study were carried out biochemical analysis of blood, or the analysis of the lipid profile that included total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and HDL cholesterol, and was determined the values of BMI and waist circumference (WC). Analysis of the data of our research shows that by the univariate logistic regression the values of lipid parameters total cholesterol (p=0.000), LDL (p=0.005) and TG (p=0.033) were significantly associated with osteoporosis, while in multivariate logistic model only total cholesterol (p= 0.018) was found as an independent risk factor for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. BMI values were not statistically significantly associated with osteoporosis (p=0.727). On the decrease in bone mineral density and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women influence many risk factors whose identification has the aim to develop more effective prevention of this disease in the elderly.
28144189	0	11	Correlation	T080	C1707520
28144189	19	24	Lipid	T109	C0023779
28144189	25	32	Profile	T059	C1979963
28144189	34	37	BMI	T201	C1305855
28144189	42	62	Bone Mineral Density	T201	C0005938
28144189	66	80	Postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
28144189	81	86	Women	T098	C0043210
28144189	94	103	reduction	T080	C0392756
28144189	107	119	bone density	T201	C0005938
28144189	124	136	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28144189	140	154	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
28144189	155	160	women	T098	C0043210
28144189	172	180	elevated	T080	C3163633
28144189	181	186	lipid	T109	C0023779
28144189	187	197	parameters	T033	C0449381
28144189	202	217	Body Mass Index	T201	C1305855
28144189	219	222	BMI	T201	C1305855
28144189	241	246	study	T062	C2603343
28144189	268	279	correlation	T080	C1707520
28144189	288	293	lipid	T109	C0023779
28144189	294	304	parameters	T033	C0449381
28144189	306	309	BMI	T201	C1305855
28144189	314	326	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28144189	330	344	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
28144189	345	350	women	T098	C0043210
28144189	356	361	study	T062	C2603343
28144189	381	388	matched	T080	C1708943
28144189	389	393	type	T080	C0332307
28144189	402	414	experimental	T080	C1517586
28144189	415	420	group	T078	C0441833
28144189	425	433	controls	T096	C0009932
28144189	439	451	experimental	T080	C1517586
28144189	452	457	group	T078	C0441833
28144189	475	482	females	T098	C0043210
28144189	486	500	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
28144189	501	504	age	T032	C0001779
28144189	522	533	DEXA method	T060	C1510486
28144189	538	547	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28144189	548	560	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28144189	630	661	University Medical Center of RS	T073,T093	C0000872
28144189	690	703	control group	T096	C0009932
28144189	721	728	females	T098	C0043210
28144189	734	748	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
28144189	749	752	age	T032	C0001779
28144189	765	774	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28144189	775	787	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28144189	793	799	groups	T078	C0441833
28144189	805	812	matched	T080	C1708943
28144189	816	819	age	T032	C0001779
28144189	825	830	years	T079	C1510829
28144189	840	852	participants	T098	C0679646
28144189	860	865	study	T062	C2603343
28144189	883	912	biochemical analysis of blood	T059	C0005774
28144189	921	929	analysis	T062	C0936012
28144189	937	942	lipid	T109	C0023779
28144189	943	950	profile	T059	C1979963
28144189	965	982	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
28144189	984	999	LDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
28144189	1001	1014	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28144189	1016	1018	TG	T109,T123	C0041004
28144189	1024	1039	HDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
28144189	1064	1070	values	T080	C0042295
28144189	1074	1077	BMI	T201	C1305855
28144189	1082	1101	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
28144189	1103	1105	WC	T201	C0455829
28144189	1108	1116	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28144189	1124	1128	data	T078	C1511726
28144189	1136	1144	research	T062	C0035168
28144189	1163	1193	univariate logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28144189	1198	1204	values	T080	C0042295
28144189	1208	1213	lipid	T109	C0023779
28144189	1214	1224	parameters	T033	C0449381
28144189	1225	1242	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
28144189	1254	1257	LDL	T109,T123	C0023824
28144189	1272	1274	TG	T109,T123	C0041004
28144189	1290	1303	significantly	T078	C0750502
28144189	1304	1319	associated with	T080	C0332281
28144189	1320	1332	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28144189	1343	1370	multivariate logistic model	T081,T170	C0023965
28144189	1376	1393	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
28144189	1421	1432	independent	T078	C0085862
28144189	1433	1444	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28144189	1449	1461	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28144189	1465	1479	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
28144189	1480	1485	women	T098	C0043210
28144189	1487	1490	BMI	T201	C1305855
28144189	1491	1497	values	T080	C0042295
28144189	1503	1506	not	T033	C1513916
28144189	1507	1534	statistically significantly	T081	C0237881
28144189	1535	1550	associated with	T080	C0332281
28144189	1551	1563	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28144189	1582	1590	decrease	T081	C0547047
28144189	1594	1614	bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
28144189	1619	1631	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28144189	1635	1649	postmenopausal	T040	C0206159
28144189	1650	1655	women	T098	C0043210
28144189	1671	1683	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28144189	1690	1704	identification	T080	C0205396
28144189	1733	1742	effective	T080	C1704419
28144189	1743	1753	prevention	T080	C2700409
28144189	1762	1769	disease	T047	C0029456
28144189	1777	1784	elderly	T098	C0001792

28144442|t|A Comparative Study of Enamel Surface Roughness After Bleaching With Diode Laser and Nd: YAG Laser
28144442|a|Introduction: Bleaching process can affect surface roughness of enamel, which is a vital factor in esthetic and resistance of tooth. The aim of this study was to compare surface roughness of enamel in teeth bleached using Diode and Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd: YAG) lasers with those bleached using conventional method. Methods: In this study, 75 anterior human teeth from upper and lower jaws (These teeth extracted because of periodontal disease) were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1: Laser white gel (Biolase, USA) with 45% hydrogen peroxide concentration and GaAlAs Diode laser (CHEESE(TM), GIGAA, China), group 2: Heydent gel (JW, Germany) with 30% Hydrogen peroxide concentration and Diode laser, group 3: Laser white gel and Nd:YAG laser (FIDELIS(TM), Fotona, Slovenia), group 4: Heydent gel and Nd:YAG laser and group 5: The Iranian gel Kimia (Iran) with 35% hydrogen peroxide concentration were used. Surface roughness of the samples was measured using the Surface Roughness Tester system (TR 200 Time Group, Germany) before and after bleaching. In each group, one sample was randomly selected for SEM analysis. Results: The results showed that the mean surface roughness of the teeth before and after bleaching had a significant difference in all the study groups. It was indicated that after bleaching, the mean surface roughness had increased in all the study groups. The highest surface roughness was seen in the conventional bleaching group and the lowest surface roughness was reported in group 3 (laser white gel + diode laser), in which the average surface roughness increased by only 0.1 μm. Conclusion: It was concluded that using the Laser white gel and the diode laser for bleaching resulted in the least surface roughness compared to conventional method.
28144442	2	19	Comparative Study	T062	C1579762
28144442	23	29	Enamel	T031	C0011350
28144442	30	47	Surface Roughness	T033	C4313424
28144442	54	63	Bleaching	T061	C0040431
28144442	69	80	Diode Laser	T074	C0392254
28144442	85	98	Nd: YAG Laser	T074	C0392276
28144442	113	130	Bleaching process	T061	C0040431
28144442	142	159	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
28144442	163	169	enamel	T031	C0011350
28144442	198	206	esthetic	T080	C0004898
28144442	211	221	resistance	T169	C4281815
28144442	225	230	tooth	T023	C0040426
28144442	248	253	study	T062	C2603343
28144442	269	286	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
28144442	290	296	enamel	T031	C0011350
28144442	300	314	teeth bleached	T061	C0040431
28144442	321	326	Diode	T074	C0392254
28144442	331	388	Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd: YAG) lasers	T074	C0392276
28144442	400	408	bleached	T061	C0040431
28144442	453	458	study	T062	C2603343
28144442	463	471	anterior	T082	C0205094
28144442	472	477	human	T016	C0086418
28144442	478	483	teeth	T023	C0040426
28144442	489	494	upper	T029	C0460025
28144442	499	509	lower jaws	T029	C0460026
28144442	517	522	teeth	T023	C0040426
28144442	523	532	extracted	T061	C0185115
28144442	544	563	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28144442	594	600	groups	T078	C0441833
28144442	602	609	Group 1	T078	C0441833
28144442	611	626	Laser white gel	T122	C0017243
28144442	628	635	Biolase	T073,T092	C0683757
28144442	637	640	USA	T083	C0041703
28144442	647	668	45% hydrogen peroxide	T200	C1246476
28144442	687	705	GaAlAs Diode laser	T074	C0392254
28144442	707	717	CHEESE(TM)	T073,T092	C0683757
28144442	719	724	GIGAA	T073,T092	C0683757
28144442	726	731	China	T083	C0008115
28144442	734	741	group 2	T078	C0441833
28144442	743	754	Heydent gel	T122	C0017243
28144442	760	767	Germany	T083	C0017480
28144442	774	795	30% Hydrogen peroxide	T200	C0304655
28144442	814	825	Diode laser	T074	C0392254
28144442	827	834	group 3	T078	C0441833
28144442	836	851	Laser white gel	T122	C0017243
28144442	856	868	Nd:YAG laser	T074	C0392276
28144442	870	881	FIDELIS(TM)	T073,T092	C0683757
28144442	883	889	Fotona	T073,T092	C0683757
28144442	891	899	Slovenia	T083	C0037334
28144442	902	909	group 4	T078	C0441833
28144442	911	922	Heydent gel	T122	C0017243
28144442	927	939	Nd:YAG laser	T074	C0392276
28144442	944	951	group 5	T078	C0441833
28144442	957	974	Iranian gel Kimia	T122	C0017243
28144442	976	980	Iran	T083	C0022065
28144442	987	1008	35% hydrogen peroxide	T200	C0786388
28144442	1034	1051	Surface roughness	T033	C4313424
28144442	1090	1107	Surface Roughness	T033	C4313424
28144442	1090	1121	Surface Roughness Tester system	T074	C0025080
28144442	1123	1140	TR 200 Time Group	T073,T092	C0683757
28144442	1142	1149	Germany	T083	C0017480
28144442	1168	1177	bleaching	T061	C0040431
28144442	1187	1192	group	T078	C0441833
28144442	1231	1243	SEM analysis	T059	C0026020
28144442	1287	1304	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
28144442	1312	1317	teeth	T023	C0040426
28144442	1335	1344	bleaching	T061	C0040431
28144442	1385	1397	study groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28144442	1427	1436	bleaching	T061	C0040431
28144442	1447	1464	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
28144442	1490	1502	study groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28144442	1516	1533	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
28144442	1563	1572	bleaching	T061	C0040431
28144442	1594	1611	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
28144442	1628	1635	group 3	T078	C0441833
28144442	1637	1652	laser white gel	T122	C0017243
28144442	1655	1666	diode laser	T074	C0392254
28144442	1690	1707	surface roughness	T033	C4313424
28144442	1778	1793	Laser white gel	T122	C0017243
28144442	1802	1813	diode laser	T074	C0392254
28144442	1818	1827	bleaching	T061	C0040431
28144442	1850	1867	surface roughness	T033	C4313424

28144564|t|Structural and tribometric characterization of biomimetically inspired synthetic " insect adhesives "
28144564|a|Background: Based on previous chemical analyses of insect tarsal adhesives, we prepared 12 heterogeneous synthetic emulsions mimicking the polar/non-polar principle, analysed their microscopical structure and tested their adhesive, frictional, and rheological properties. Results: The prepared emulsions varied in their consistency from solid rubber-like, over soft elastic, to fluid (watery or oily). With droplet sizes >100 nm, all the emulsions belonged to the common type of macroemulsions. The emulsions of the first generation generally showed broader droplet-size ranges compared with the second generation, especially when less defined components such as petrolatum or waxes were present in the lipophilic fraction of the first generation of emulsions. Some of the prepared emulsions showed a yield point and were Bingham fluids. Tribometric adhesion was tested via probe tack tests. Compared with the " second generation " (containing less viscous components), the " first generation " emulsions were much more adhesive (31-93 mN), a finding attributable to their highly viscous components, i.e., wax, petrolatum, gelatin and poly(vinyl alcohol). In the second generation emulsions, we attained much lower adhesivenesses, ranging between 1-18 mN. The adhesive performance was drastically reduced in the emulsions that contained albumin as the protein component or that lacked protein. Tribometric shear tests were performed at moderate normal loads. Our measured friction forces (4-93 mN in the first and 0.1-5.8 mN in the second generation emulsions) were comparatively low. Differences in shear performance were related to the chemical composition and emulsion structure. Conclusion: By varying their chemical composition, synthetic heterogeneous adhesive emulsions can be adjusted to have diverse consistencies and are able to mimic certain rheological and tribological properties of natural tarsal insect adhesives.
28144564	0	43	Structural and tribometric characterization	T052	C1880022
28144564	83	89	insect	T204	C0021585
28144564	90	99	adhesives	T073	C0001516
28144564	132	149	chemical analyses	T059	C3495389
28144564	153	159	insect	T204	C0021585
28144564	160	166	tarsal	T023	C1550316
28144564	167	176	adhesives	T073	C0001516
28144564	193	206	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28144564	207	216	synthetic	T052	C1883254
28144564	217	226	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	241	266	polar/non-polar principle	T033	C0243095
28144564	283	306	microscopical structure	T082	C0678594
28144564	324	332	adhesive	T080	C0871161
28144564	334	344	frictional	T080	C0871161
28144564	350	372	rheological properties	T080	C0871161
28144564	387	395	prepared	T033	C4082130
28144564	396	405	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	422	433	consistency	T080	C0332529
28144564	439	444	solid	T080	C0205208
28144564	445	456	rubber-like	T109	C0035918
28144564	463	467	soft	T080	C0205358
28144564	468	475	elastic	T073	C0450146
28144564	480	485	fluid	T167	C1704353
28144564	487	493	watery	T080	C0443350
28144564	497	501	oily	T080	C0205556
28144564	509	522	droplet sizes	T082	C0456389
28144564	540	549	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	581	595	macroemulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	601	610	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	618	634	first generation	T079	C0079411
28144564	660	672	droplet-size	T082	C0456389
28144564	698	715	second generation	T079	C0079411
28144564	746	756	components	T078	C1254370
28144564	765	775	petrolatum	T109,T121,T122	C0031262
28144564	779	784	waxes	T122	C0043076
28144564	805	815	lipophilic	T081	C0598631
28144564	816	824	fraction	T081	C1264633
28144564	832	848	first generation	T079	C0079411
28144564	852	861	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	875	883	prepared	T033	C4082130
28144564	884	893	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	903	914	yield point	T033	C0243095
28144564	924	938	Bingham fluids	T120	C1254355
28144564	940	960	Tribometric adhesion	T059	C0022885
28144564	976	992	probe tack tests	T059	C0022885
28144564	1014	1031	second generation	T079	C0079411
28144564	1051	1058	viscous	T080	C0311419
28144564	1059	1069	components	T167	C0439861
28144564	1078	1094	first generation	T079	C0079411
28144564	1097	1106	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	1117	1130	more adhesive	T033	C0243095
28144564	1182	1189	viscous	T080	C0311419
28144564	1190	1200	components	T167	C0439861
28144564	1208	1211	wax	T122	C0043076
28144564	1213	1223	petrolatum	T109,T121,T122	C0031262
28144564	1225	1232	gelatin	T116,T121,T122	C0017237
28144564	1237	1256	poly(vinyl alcohol)	T109	C0029224
28144564	1265	1282	second generation	T079	C0079411
28144564	1283	1292	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	1317	1331	adhesivenesses	T070	C0001515
28144564	1362	1370	adhesive	T073	C0001516
28144564	1371	1382	performance	T052	C1882330
28144564	1399	1406	reduced	T080	C0392756
28144564	1414	1423	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	1439	1446	albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
28144564	1454	1471	protein component	T116,T123	C0033684
28144564	1487	1494	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28144564	1496	1519	Tribometric shear tests	T059	C0022885
28144564	1547	1559	normal loads	T080	C0205556
28144564	1574	1589	friction forces	T070	C0162691
28144564	1634	1651	second generation	T079	C0079411
28144564	1652	1661	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	1687	1698	Differences	T081	C1705241
28144564	1702	1707	shear	T070	C3825679
28144564	1708	1719	performance	T052	C1882330
28144564	1740	1760	chemical composition	T070	C0243176
28144564	1765	1773	emulsion	T104	C0014020
28144564	1774	1783	structure	T082	C0678594
28144564	1814	1834	chemical composition	T070	C0243176
28144564	1846	1859	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28144564	1860	1868	adhesive	T073	C0001516
28144564	1869	1878	emulsions	T104	C0014020
28144564	1911	1924	consistencies	T080	C0332529
28144564	1955	1966	rheological	T080	C0871161
28144564	1971	1994	tribological properties	T080	C0871161
28144564	1998	2005	natural	T169	C0205296
28144564	2006	2012	tarsal	T023	C1550316
28144564	2013	2019	insect	T204	C0021585
28144564	2020	2029	adhesives	T073	C0001516

28144577|t|Heterotopic ossification after the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7
28144577|a|To present the incidence of heterotopic ossification after the use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) for the treatment of nonunions. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) promote bone formation by auto-induction. Recombinant human BMP-7 in combination with bone grafts was used in 84 patients for the treatment of long bone nonunions. All patients were evaluated radiographicaly for the development of heterotopic ossification during the standard assessment for the nonunion healing. In all patients (80.9%) with radiographic signs of heterotopic ossification, a CT scan was performed. Nonunion site palpation and ROM evaluation of the adjacent joints were also carried out. Factors related to the patient (age, gender), the nonunion (location, size, chronicity, number of previous procedures, infection, surrounding tissues condition) and the surgical procedure (graft and fixation type, amount of rhBMP-7) were correlated with the development of heterotopic ossification and statistical analysis with Pearsons χ (2) test was performed. Eighty point nine percent of the nonunions treated with rhBMP-7, healed with no need for further procedures. Heterotopic bone formation occurred in 15 of 84 patients (17.8%) and it was apparent in the routine radiological evaluation of the nonunion site, in a mean time of 5.5 mo after the rhBMP-7 application (range 3-12). The heterotopic ossification was located at the femur in 8 cases, at the tibia in 6, and at the humerus in οne patient. In 4 patients a palpable mass was present and only in one patient, with a para-articular knee nonunion treated with rhBMP-7, the size of heterotopic ossification affected the knee range of motion. All the patients with heterotopic ossification were male. Statistical analysis proved that patient's gender was the only important factor for the development of heterotopic ossification (P = 0.007). Heterotopic ossification after the use of rhBMP-7 in nonunions was common but it did not compromise the final clinical outcome in most cases, and affected only male patients.
28144577	0	24	Heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28144577	42	88	recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7	T116,T121	C1445625
28144577	104	113	incidence	T081	C0021149
28144577	117	141	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28144577	159	205	recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7	T116,T121	C1445625
28144577	207	214	rhBMP-7	T116,T121	C1445625
28144577	224	233	treatment	T061	C0087111
28144577	237	246	nonunions	T033	C3897107
28144577	248	275	Bone morphogenetic proteins	T116,T123	C0053932
28144577	277	281	BMPs	T116,T123	C0053932
28144577	291	305	bone formation	T042	C0029433
28144577	309	323	auto-induction	T044	C1148560
28144577	325	348	Recombinant human BMP-7	T116,T121	C1445625
28144577	369	380	bone grafts	T122	C0181075
28144577	396	404	patients	T101	C0030705
28144577	413	422	treatment	T061	C0087111
28144577	426	445	long bone nonunions	T033	C3897107
28144577	451	459	patients	T101	C0030705
28144577	465	474	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28144577	475	490	radiographicaly	T060	C0841672
28144577	499	510	development	T169	C1527148
28144577	514	538	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28144577	550	558	standard	T080	C1442989
28144577	559	569	assessment	T058	C0220825
28144577	578	586	nonunion	T033	C3897107
28144577	587	594	healing	T040	C0043240
28144577	603	611	patients	T101	C0030705
28144577	625	637	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28144577	638	643	signs	T184	C0037088
28144577	647	671	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28144577	675	682	CT scan	T060	C0040405
28144577	698	706	Nonunion	T033	C3897107
28144577	707	711	site	T082	C0205145
28144577	712	721	palpation	T060	C0030247
28144577	726	740	ROM evaluation	T059	C1562926
28144577	748	756	adjacent	T082	C0205117
28144577	757	763	joints	T030	C0022417
28144577	787	794	Factors	T169	C1521761
28144577	810	817	patient	T101	C0030705
28144577	819	822	age	T032	C0001779
28144577	824	830	gender	T032	C0079399
28144577	837	845	nonunion	T033	C3897107
28144577	847	855	location	T082	C0450429
28144577	857	861	size	T082	C0456389
28144577	863	873	chronicity	T079	C0547045
28144577	875	904	number of previous procedures	T169	C2700391
28144577	906	915	infection	T046	C3714514
28144577	917	928	surrounding	T082	C1282914
28144577	929	936	tissues	T024	C0040300
28144577	937	946	condition	T080	C0348080
28144577	956	974	surgical procedure	T061	C0543467
28144577	976	981	graft	T122	C0181074
28144577	986	994	fixation	T061	C0185023
28144577	995	999	type	T080	C0332307
28144577	1001	1007	amount	T081	C1265611
28144577	1011	1018	rhBMP-7	T116,T121	C1445625
28144577	1025	1035	correlated	T080	C1707520
28144577	1045	1056	development	T169	C1527148
28144577	1060	1084	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28144577	1089	1109	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28144577	1115	1134	Pearsons χ (2) test	T170	C0237913
28144577	1183	1192	nonunions	T033	C3897107
28144577	1193	1200	treated	T169	C1522326
28144577	1206	1213	rhBMP-7	T116,T121	C1445625
28144577	1215	1221	healed	T169	C0205249
28144577	1247	1257	procedures	T169	C2700391
28144577	1259	1285	Heterotopic bone formation	T046	C0029396
28144577	1307	1315	patients	T101	C0030705
28144577	1359	1382	radiological evaluation	T058	C0220825
28144577	1390	1398	nonunion	T033	C3897107
28144577	1410	1419	mean time	T079	C0040223
28144577	1440	1447	rhBMP-7	T116,T121	C1445625
28144577	1448	1459	application	T169	C4048755
28144577	1478	1502	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28144577	1522	1527	femur	T023	C0015811
28144577	1533	1538	cases	T077	C1706256
28144577	1547	1552	tibia	T023	C1279118
28144577	1570	1577	humerus	T023	C0020164
28144577	1585	1592	patient	T101	C0030705
28144577	1599	1607	patients	T101	C0030705
28144577	1610	1623	palpable mass	T033	C0746412
28144577	1652	1659	patient	T101	C0030705
28144577	1668	1696	para-articular knee nonunion	T033	C3897107
28144577	1697	1704	treated	T169	C1522326
28144577	1710	1717	rhBMP-7	T116,T121	C1445625
28144577	1723	1727	size	T082	C0456389
28144577	1731	1755	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28144577	1769	1789	knee range of motion	T033	C0576094
28144577	1799	1807	patients	T101	C0030705
28144577	1813	1837	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28144577	1843	1847	male	T032	C0086582
28144577	1849	1869	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28144577	1882	1891	patient's	T101	C0030705
28144577	1892	1898	gender	T032	C0079399
28144577	1922	1928	factor	T169	C1521761
28144577	1937	1948	development	T169	C1527148
28144577	1952	1976	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28144577	1990	2014	Heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28144577	2032	2039	rhBMP-7	T116,T121	C1445625
28144577	2043	2052	nonunions	T033	C3897107
28144577	2100	2116	clinical outcome	T169	C1274040
28144577	2125	2130	cases	T077	C1706256
28144577	2150	2154	male	T032	C0086582
28144577	2155	2163	patients	T101	C0030705

28144784|t|BAG3 is involved in neuronal differentiation and migration
28144784|a|Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) protein belongs to the family of co-chaperones interacting with several heat shock proteins. It plays a key role in protein quality control and mediates the clearance of misfolded proteins. Little is known about the expression and cellular localization of BAG3 during nervous system development and differentiation. Therefore, we analyze the subcellular distribution and expression of BAG3 in nerve-growth-factor -induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and in developing and adult cortex of mouse brain. In differentiated PC12 cells, BAG3 was localized mainly in the neuritic domain rather than the cell body, whereas in control cells, it appeared to be confined to the cytoplasm near the nuclear membrane. Interestingly, the change of BAG3 localization during neuronal differentiation was associated only with a slight increase in total BAG3 expression. These data were coroborated by transmission electron microscopy showing that BAG3 was confined mainly within large dense-core vesicles of the axon in differentiated PC12 cells. In mouse developing cortex, BAG3 appeared to be intensely expressed in cellular processes of migrating cells, whereas in adult brain, a diffuse expression of low to medium intensity was detected in neuronal cell bodies. These findings suggest that BAG3 expression is required for neuronal differentiation and migration and that its role is linked to a change in its distribution pattern rather than to an increase in its protein expression levels.
28144784	0	4	BAG3	T116,T123	C1432624
28144784	20	44	neuronal differentiation	T043	C1159970
28144784	49	58	migration	T043	C1622501
28144784	59	102	Bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) protein	T116,T123	C1432624
28144784	128	141	co-chaperones	T116,T123	C0243041
28144784	142	153	interacting	T169	C1704675
28144784	167	186	heat shock proteins	T116,T123	C0018850
28144784	211	218	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28144784	219	226	quality	T080	C0332306
28144784	227	234	control	T169	C2587213
28144784	252	261	clearance	T080	C0449297
28144784	265	283	misfolded proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28144784	311	321	expression	T045	C1171362
28144784	326	347	cellular localization	T043	C1660642
28144784	351	355	BAG3	T116,T123	C1432624
28144784	363	389	nervous system development	T042	C0598282
28144784	394	409	differentiation	T043	C1159970
28144784	437	448	subcellular	T026	C1258076
28144784	449	461	distribution	T169	C1704711
28144784	466	476	expression	T045	C1171362
28144784	480	484	BAG3	T116,T123	C1432624
28144784	488	507	nerve-growth-factor	T116,T123	C0027752
28144784	517	534	neurite outgrowth	T043	C3158384
28144784	538	548	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
28144784	577	598	cortex of mouse brain	T024	C1522579
28144784	603	617	differentiated	T043	C0007589
28144784	618	628	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
28144784	630	634	BAG3	T116,T123	C1432624
28144784	639	648	localized	T082	C0392752
28144784	663	678	neuritic domain	T026	C0085103
28144784	695	704	cell body	T026	C0599444
28144784	717	724	control	T169	C2587213
28144784	725	730	cells	T025	C0007634
28144784	750	758	confined	T169	C0443288
28144784	766	775	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28144784	785	801	nuclear membrane	T026	C0028584
28144784	832	836	BAG3	T116,T123	C1432624
28144784	837	849	localization	T043	C0597704
28144784	857	881	neuronal differentiation	T043	C1159970
28144784	886	896	associated	T080	C0332281
28144784	916	924	increase	T169	C0442805
28144784	934	938	BAG3	T116,T123	C1432624
28144784	939	949	expression	T045	C1171362
28144784	957	961	data	T078	C1511726
28144784	982	1014	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
28144784	1028	1032	BAG3	T116,T123	C1432624
28144784	1037	1045	confined	T169	C0443288
28144784	1066	1085	dense-core vesicles	T026	C0887944
28144784	1093	1097	axon	T026	C0004461
28144784	1101	1115	differentiated	T043	C0007589
28144784	1116	1126	PC12 cells	T025	C0085262
28144784	1131	1136	mouse	T015	C0025929
28144784	1137	1154	developing cortex	T023	C0007776
28144784	1156	1160	BAG3	T116,T123	C1432624
28144784	1186	1195	expressed	T045	C1171362
28144784	1199	1217	cellular processes	T043	C1325880
28144784	1221	1230	migrating	T169	C0232902
28144784	1231	1236	cells	T025	C0007634
28144784	1249	1260	adult brain	T023	C0006104
28144784	1272	1282	expression	T045	C1171362
28144784	1300	1309	intensity	T080	C0522510
28144784	1314	1322	detected	T033	C0442726
28144784	1326	1346	neuronal cell bodies	T026	C0599444
28144784	1354	1362	findings	T169	C2607943
28144784	1376	1380	BAG3	T116,T123	C1432624
28144784	1381	1391	expression	T045	C1171362
28144784	1408	1432	neuronal differentiation	T043	C1159970
28144784	1437	1446	migration	T043	C1622501
28144784	1494	1514	distribution pattern	T082	C0449775
28144784	1533	1541	increase	T169	C0442805
28144784	1549	1567	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28144784	1568	1574	levels	T081	C3244092

28145492|t|Hypocretin/Orexin Peptides Excite Rat Neuroendocrine Dopamine Neurons through Orexin 2 Receptor -Mediated Activation of a Mixed Cation Current
28145492|a|Hypocretin/Orexin (H/O) neurons of the lateral hypothalamus are compelling modulator candidates for the chronobiology of neuroendocrine output and, as a consequence, hormone release from the anterior pituitary. Here we investigate the effects of H/O peptides upon tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons - cells which control, via inhibition, the pituitary secretion of prolactin. In whole cell recordings performed in male rat hypothalamic slices, application of H/O-A, as well as H/O-B, excited oscillating TIDA neurons, inducing a reversible depolarising switch from phasic to tonic discharge. The H/O - induced inward current underpinning this effect was post-synaptic (as it endured in the presence of tetrodotoxin), appeared to be carried by a Na(+) - dependent transient receptor potential-like channel (as it was blocked by 2-APB and was diminished by removal of extracellular Na(+)), and was a consequence of OX2R receptor activation (as it was blocked by the OX2R receptor antagonist TCS OX2 29, but not the OX1R receptor antagonist SB 334867). Application of the hormone, melatonin, failed to alter TIDA membrane potential or oscillatory activity. This first description of the electrophysiological effects of H/Os upon the TIDA network identifies cellular mechanisms that may contribute to the circadian rhythmicity of prolactin secretion.
28145492	0	26	Hypocretin/Orexin Peptides	T116,T123	C1113688
28145492	27	33	Excite	T052	C0549255
28145492	34	37	Rat	T015	C0034693
28145492	38	52	Neuroendocrine	T022	C0027912
28145492	53	69	Dopamine Neurons	T025	C1512035
28145492	78	95	Orexin 2 Receptor	T116,T192	C0671880
28145492	106	116	Activation	T052	C1879547
28145492	122	127	Mixed	T169	C0205430
28145492	128	134	Cation	T104	C0007447
28145492	135	142	Current	T043	C0162585
28145492	143	160	Hypocretin/Orexin	T116,T123	C1113688
28145492	162	165	H/O	T116,T123	C1113688
28145492	167	174	neurons	T025	C0027882
28145492	182	202	lateral hypothalamus	T029	C0020654
28145492	207	217	compelling	UnknownType	C0815217
28145492	218	238	modulator candidates	T098	C0027361
28145492	247	260	chronobiology	T091	C0008716
28145492	264	278	neuroendocrine	T022	C0027912
28145492	279	285	output	T077	C1709366
28145492	296	307	consequence	T169	C0686907
28145492	309	324	hormone release	T125	C0815016
28145492	334	352	anterior pituitary	T023	C0032008
28145492	378	385	effects	T080	C1280500
28145492	389	401	H/O peptides	T116,T123	C1113688
28145492	407	449	tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons	T025	C1512035
28145492	452	457	cells	T025	C0007634
28145492	464	471	control	T080	C0243148
28145492	477	487	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28145492	493	502	pituitary	T023	C0032005
28145492	503	525	secretion of prolactin	T043	C2611224
28145492	530	551	whole cell recordings	T062	C0242624
28145492	552	561	performed	T169	C0884358
28145492	565	569	male	T032	C0086582
28145492	570	573	rat	T015	C0034693
28145492	574	593	hypothalamic slices	T082	C0449445
28145492	610	615	H/O-A	T116,T123	C0671870
28145492	628	633	H/O-B	T116,T123	C0671872
28145492	635	642	excited	T052	C0549255
28145492	655	667	TIDA neurons	T025	C1512035
28145492	669	677	inducing	T169	C0205263
28145492	680	690	reversible	T169	C0205343
28145492	691	703	depolarising	T046	C1395184
28145492	716	741	phasic to tonic discharge	T082	C1254362
28145492	747	750	H/O	T116,T123	C1113688
28145492	753	760	induced	T169	C0205263
28145492	761	767	inward	T082	C0439786
28145492	768	775	current	T043	C0162585
28145492	776	788	underpinning	T077	C1521721
28145492	794	800	effect	T080	C1280500
28145492	805	818	post-synaptic	T026	C1167384
28145492	841	849	presence	T033	C0150312
28145492	853	865	tetrodotoxin	T109,T123,T131	C0039705
28145492	868	876	appeared	T080	C0700364
28145492	896	901	Na(+)	T116,T123	C0037492
28145492	904	913	dependent	T080	C0851827
28145492	914	955	transient receptor potential-like channel	T116,T123	C1563722
28145492	967	974	blocked	T169	C0332206
28145492	978	983	2-APB	T109,T130	C0669933
28145492	992	1002	diminished	T081	C0205216
28145492	1006	1013	removal	T052	C1883720
28145492	1017	1030	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28145492	1031	1036	Na(+)	T116,T123	C0037492
28145492	1049	1063	consequence of	T169	C0686907
28145492	1064	1077	OX2R receptor	T116,T192	C0671880
28145492	1078	1088	activation	T052	C1879547
28145492	1100	1107	blocked	T169	C0332206
28145492	1115	1128	OX2R receptor	T116,T192	C0671880
28145492	1129	1139	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28145492	1140	1150	TCS OX2 29	T109,T121	C3492123
28145492	1164	1177	OX1R receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28145492	1178	1188	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28145492	1189	1198	SB 334867	T109,T121	C1097132
28145492	1201	1212	Application	T058	C0185125
28145492	1220	1227	hormone	T125	C0019932
28145492	1229	1238	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28145492	1240	1246	failed	T169	C0231175
28145492	1250	1255	alter	T169	C0392747
28145492	1256	1260	TIDA	T025	C1512035
28145492	1261	1279	membrane potential	T043	C0025251
28145492	1283	1303	oscillatory activity	T061	C0695434
28145492	1316	1327	description	T170	C0678257
28145492	1335	1363	electrophysiological effects	T060	C0850293
28145492	1367	1371	H/Os	T116,T123	C1113688
28145492	1381	1393	TIDA network	T025	C1512035
28145492	1394	1404	identifies	T080	C0205396
28145492	1405	1424	cellular mechanisms	T044	C3537153
28145492	1434	1444	contribute	T052	C1880177
28145492	1452	1473	circadian rhythmicity	T040	C0008810
28145492	1477	1496	prolactin secretion	T043	C2611224

28145564|t|Cost-effectiveness of diabetes screening initiated through a dental visit
28145564|a|To analyse the cost-effectiveness of a screening programme and follow-up interventions for persons with dysglycemia who are identified during a dental visit. This study is a secondary analysis utilizing data from two relevant publications. Those studies identified persons with dysglycemia who were seen in a dental school clinic for routine dental care and determined compliance with a recommendation to seek medical care. The response site was 59.4%. The Archimedes disease simulation model was utilized to simulate the effect of a weight loss programme for identified subjects on several outcomes. Two scenarios for weight loss programmes were considered: a 10% permanent loss in body weight and a 10% loss that decays over time. Both diabetes and prediabetes were analysed. The decay path costs $21 243 per quality adjusted life year (QALY) with 3 years required to achieve the weight reduction. This cost decreases to $6655 if only 1 year is needed to achieve the weight goal. Without decay, the cost per QALY is $15 873 with 20 years of intervention, vs $647 per QALY with 10 years of intervention. For individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the cost per QALY is $48 604 to $56 207 depending on adherence. With the addition of oral medication (a sulfonylurea), the cost is three times higher. Under the conditions described here, identification of persons with dysglycemia in the dental office for initiating prediabetic care is a cost-effective means of identifying and treating affected individuals.
28145564	0	18	Cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
28145564	22	40	diabetes screening	T060	C0199229
28145564	61	73	dental visit	T033	C2174685
28145564	89	107	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
28145564	113	122	screening	T060	C0199229
28145564	123	132	programme	T058	C0043113
28145564	137	146	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28145564	147	160	interventions	T058	C0010210
28145564	165	172	persons	T098	C0027361
28145564	178	189	dysglycemia	T047	C1960636
28145564	218	230	dental visit	T033	C2174685
28145564	248	281	secondary analysis utilizing data	UnknownType	C0683944
28145564	339	346	persons	T098	C0027361
28145564	352	363	dysglycemia	T047	C1960636
28145564	383	403	dental school clinic	T073,T093	C0011344
28145564	408	427	routine dental care	T058	C0029162
28145564	461	496	recommendation to seek medical care	T058	C4047501
28145564	531	566	Archimedes disease simulation model	UnknownType	C0681943
28145564	608	629	weight loss programme	T058	C3179079
28145564	665	673	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28145564	679	688	scenarios	T169	C0683579
28145564	693	715	weight loss programmes	T058	C3179079
28145564	739	748	permanent	T079	C0205355
28145564	749	768	loss in body weight	UnknownType	C0150908
28145564	779	783	loss	T033	C1262477
28145564	789	795	decays	T067	C2700592
28145564	812	820	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28145564	825	836	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
28145564	856	866	decay path	T067	C2700592
28145564	956	972	weight reduction	T033	C1262477
28145564	1043	1054	weight goal	T033	C2012267
28145564	1056	1063	Without	T080	C0332288
28145564	1064	1069	decay	T067	C2700592
28145564	1183	1194	individuals	T098	C0237401
28145564	1200	1224	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28145564	1279	1288	adherence	T169	C1510802
28145564	1311	1326	oral medication	T061	C0175795
28145564	1330	1342	sulfonylurea	T109,T121	C0038766
28145564	1414	1428	identification	T058	C0150323
28145564	1432	1439	persons	T098	C0027361
28145564	1445	1456	dysglycemia	T047	C1960636
28145564	1464	1477	dental office	T073	C0011386
28145564	1482	1492	initiating	T169	C1704686
28145564	1493	1504	prediabetic	T047	C0362046
28145564	1505	1509	care	T058	C0086388
28145564	1515	1529	cost-effective	T058	C0812114
28145564	1539	1550	identifying	T058	C1269815
28145564	1555	1563	treating	T169	C1522326
28145564	1564	1572	affected	T169	C0392760
28145564	1573	1584	individuals	T098	C0237401

28145617|t|Improving exchange with consumers within mental health organizations: Recognizing mental ill health experience as a 'sneaky, special degree'
28145617|a|Stigmatizing views towards consumers may be held even by those working within mental health organizations. Contemporary mental health policies require organizations to work collaboratively with consumers in producing and delivering services. Using social exchange theory, which emphasises mutual exchange to maximise benefits in partnership, the current study explores the perspectives of those working within organizations that have some level of consumer leadership. Interviews were conducted with 14 participants from a range of mental health organizations. Data were transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analytic and discursive psychological techniques. Findings suggest stigma is still prevalent even in organizations that have consumers in leadership positions, and consumers are often perceived as less able to work in mental health organizations than non-consumers. Several discourses challenged such a view - showing how consumers bring value to mental health organizations through their expertise in the mental health system, and their ability to provide safety and support to other consumers. Through a social exchange theory lens, the authors call for organizations to challenge stigma and promote the value that consumers can bring to maximize mutual benefits.
28145617	0	9	Improving	T080	C1272745
28145617	24	33	consumers	T098	C1707496
28145617	41	68	mental health organizations	T093	C0178740
28145617	82	99	mental ill health	T048	C0004936
28145617	141	153	Stigmatizing	T033	C0277787
28145617	168	177	consumers	T098	C1707496
28145617	204	211	working	T057	C0043227
28145617	219	246	mental health organizations	T093	C0178740
28145617	261	283	mental health policies	T170	C3244237
28145617	292	305	organizations	T093	C0920545
28145617	309	313	work	T057	C0043227
28145617	314	329	collaboratively	T054	C0282116
28145617	335	344	consumers	T098	C1707496
28145617	348	357	producing	T169	C0678227
28145617	362	372	delivering	T058	C0011211
28145617	373	381	services	T057	C0557854
28145617	389	411	social exchange theory	UnknownType	C0683615
28145617	430	436	mutual	T080	C1709100
28145617	437	445	exchange	T054	C0678640
28145617	449	457	maximise	T081	C0806909
28145617	458	466	benefits	T081	C0814225
28145617	470	481	partnership	T054	C0680453
28145617	487	494	current	T079	C0521116
28145617	495	500	study	T062	C2603343
28145617	514	526	perspectives	UnknownType	C0678958
28145617	536	543	working	T057	C0043227
28145617	551	564	organizations	T093	C0920545
28145617	580	585	level	T080	C0441889
28145617	589	597	consumer	T098	C1707496
28145617	598	608	leadership	T054	C0023181
28145617	610	620	Interviews	T052	C0021822
28145617	644	656	participants	T098	C0679646
28145617	664	669	range	T081	C1514721
28145617	673	700	mental health organizations	T093	C0178740
28145617	702	706	Data	T078	C1511726
28145617	729	737	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28145617	744	761	thematic analytic	T062	C0936012
28145617	766	776	discursive	T033	C4068735
28145617	777	801	psychological techniques	T060,T170	C0033903
28145617	803	811	Findings	T033	C0243095
28145617	820	826	stigma	T033	C0277787
28145617	854	867	organizations	T093	C0920545
28145617	878	887	consumers	T098	C1707496
28145617	891	911	leadership positions	T054	C0023181
28145617	917	926	consumers	T098	C1707496
28145617	937	946	perceived	T041	C0030971
28145617	963	967	work	T057	C0043227
28145617	971	998	mental health organizations	T093	C0178740
28145617	1027	1037	discourses	T054	C2584313
28145617	1075	1084	consumers	T098	C1707496
28145617	1100	1127	mental health organizations	T093	C0178740
28145617	1159	1179	mental health system	T093	C0178740
28145617	1191	1198	ability	T032	C0085732
28145617	1210	1216	safety	T058	C0150755
28145617	1221	1228	support	T054	C0037438
28145617	1238	1247	consumers	T098	C1707496
28145617	1259	1281	social exchange theory	UnknownType	C0683615
28145617	1292	1299	authors	T097	C3812881
28145617	1309	1322	organizations	T093	C0920545
28145617	1336	1342	stigma	T033	C0277787
28145617	1347	1354	promote	T052	C0033414
28145617	1370	1379	consumers	T098	C1707496
28145617	1393	1401	maximize	T081	C0806909
28145617	1402	1408	mutual	T080	C1709100
28145617	1409	1417	benefits	T081	C0814225

28146402|t|A Multicenter Study of Early Anti-inflammatory Treatment in Patients With Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
28146402|a|It is increasingly recognized that biochemical abnormalities of the joint precede radiographic abnormalities of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) by as much as decades. A growing body of evidence strongly suggests that the progression from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury to PTOA is multifactorial, involving the interplay between biomechanical disturbances and biochemical homeostasis of articular cartilage. The purposes of this randomized study using an acute ACL injury model were to (1) evaluate the natural progression of inflammatory and chondrodegenerative biomarkers, (2) evaluate the relationship between subjective reports of pain and inflammatory and chondrodegenerative biomarkers, and (3) determine if postinjury arthrocentesis and corticosteroid injection offer the ability to alter this biochemical cascade. Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2. A total of 49 patients were randomized to 4 groups: group 1 (corticosteroid at 4 days after ACL injury, placebo injection of saline at 2 weeks), group 2 (placebo at 4 days after ACL injury, corticosteroid at 2 weeks), group 3 (corticosteroid at both time intervals), or a placebo group (saline injections at both time intervals). Patient-reported outcome measures and synovial biomarkers were collected at approximately 4 days, 11 days, and 5 weeks after injury. The change between the time points was assessed for all variables using Wilcoxon tests, and the relationship between changes in outcome scores and biomarkers were assessed by calculating Spearman ρ. Outcomes and biomarkers were also compared between the 4 groups using Kruskal-Wallis tests. No adverse events or infections were observed in any study patients. With the exception of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 (TSG-6), chondrodegenerative markers worsened over the first 5 weeks while all patient-reported outcomes improved during this time, regardless of treatment group. Patient-reported outcomes did not differ between patients receiving corticosteroid injections and the placebo group. However, increases in C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), associated with collagen type II breakdown, were significantly greater in the placebo group (1.32 ± 1.10 ng/mL) than in either of the groups that received the corticosteroid injection within the first several days after injury (group 1: 0.23 ± 0.27 ng/mL [P = .01]; group 3: 0.19 ± 0.34 ng/mL [P = .01]). PTOA begins at the time of injury and results early on in dramatic matrix changes in the knee. However, it is encouraging that early intervention with an anti-inflammatory agent was able to affect biomarkers of chondral degeneration. Should early intervention lead to meaningful changes in either the onset or severity of symptomatic PTOA, the current treatment paradigm for patients with ACL injury may have to be restructured to include early aspiration and intra-articular intervention. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01692756.
28146402	2	19	Multicenter Study	T062	C1096776
28146402	23	28	Early	T079	C1279919
28146402	29	46	Anti-inflammatory	T121	C0003209
28146402	47	56	Treatment	T169	C0039798
28146402	60	68	Patients	T101	C0030705
28146402	74	111	Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear	T037	C2584975
28146402	147	158	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28146402	159	172	abnormalities	T020	C0221430
28146402	180	185	joint	T030	C0022417
28146402	194	220	radiographic abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28146402	224	252	posttraumatic osteoarthritis	T046	C2894027
28146402	254	258	PTOA	T046	C2894027
28146402	337	348	progression	T046	C0242656
28146402	354	393	anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury	T037	C2584975
28146402	397	401	PTOA	T046	C2894027
28146402	405	419	multifactorial	T033	C1837655
28146402	453	479	biomechanical disturbances	T080	C2699787
28146402	484	495	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28146402	496	507	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28146402	511	530	articular cartilage	T024	C0007303
28146402	553	569	randomized study	T062	C0242481
28146402	579	595	acute ACL injury	T037	C2584975
28146402	596	601	model	T075	C0026336
28146402	627	634	natural	T169	C0205296
28146402	635	646	progression	T169	C0449258
28146402	650	662	inflammatory	T201	C0005516
28146402	667	697	chondrodegenerative biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28146402	716	728	relationship	T080	C0439849
28146402	737	755	subjective reports	T170	C0684224
28146402	759	763	pain	T184	C0030193
28146402	768	780	inflammatory	T201	C0005516
28146402	785	815	chondrodegenerative biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28146402	838	863	postinjury arthrocentesis	T061	C0204854
28146402	868	882	corticosteroid	T121	C3536709
28146402	883	892	injection	T061	C0021485
28146402	925	944	biochemical cascade	T044	C1704259
28146402	946	973	Randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28146402	975	980	Level	T080	C0441889
28146402	984	992	evidence	T078	C3887511
28146402	1011	1019	patients	T101	C0030705
28146402	1025	1035	randomized	T062	C0034656
28146402	1041	1047	groups	T078	C0441833
28146402	1049	1056	group 1	T170	C0441861
28146402	1058	1072	corticosteroid	T121	C3536709
28146402	1078	1082	days	T079	C0439228
28146402	1089	1099	ACL injury	T037	C2584975
28146402	1101	1108	placebo	T122	C1696465
28146402	1109	1118	injection	T061	C1533685
28146402	1122	1128	saline	T167	C0036082
28146402	1134	1139	weeks	T079	C0439230
28146402	1142	1149	group 2	T170	C0441865
28146402	1151	1158	placebo	T122	C1696465
28146402	1164	1168	days	T079	C0439228
28146402	1175	1185	ACL injury	T037	C2584975
28146402	1187	1201	corticosteroid	T121	C3536709
28146402	1207	1212	weeks	T079	C0439230
28146402	1215	1222	group 3	T170	C0441869
28146402	1224	1238	corticosteroid	T121	C3536709
28146402	1247	1261	time intervals	T079	C0872291
28146402	1269	1276	placebo	T122	C1696465
28146402	1277	1282	group	T078	C0441833
28146402	1284	1290	saline	T167	C0036082
28146402	1291	1301	injections	T061	C1533685
28146402	1310	1324	time intervals	T079	C0872291
28146402	1327	1360	Patient-reported outcome measures	T058	C4277735
28146402	1365	1373	synovial	T023	C1550315
28146402	1374	1384	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28146402	1419	1423	days	T079	C0439228
28146402	1428	1432	days	T079	C0439228
28146402	1440	1445	weeks	T079	C0439230
28146402	1452	1458	injury	T037	C3263723
28146402	1464	1470	change	T169	C0392747
28146402	1483	1494	time points	T079	C0439547
28146402	1499	1507	assessed	T052	C1516048
28146402	1516	1525	variables	T080	C0439828
28146402	1532	1546	Wilcoxon tests	T170	C0871608
28146402	1556	1568	relationship	T080	C0439849
28146402	1577	1584	changes	T169	C0392747
28146402	1588	1602	outcome scores	T033	C4274403
28146402	1607	1617	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28146402	1623	1631	assessed	T052	C1516048
28146402	1647	1657	Spearman ρ	T062,T170	C0872006
28146402	1659	1667	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
28146402	1672	1682	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28146402	1716	1722	groups	T078	C0441833
28146402	1729	1749	Kruskal-Wallis tests	T170	C1708614
28146402	1751	1768	No adverse events	T033	C1963761
28146402	1772	1782	infections	T046	C3714514
28146402	1804	1809	study	T062	C2603343
28146402	1810	1818	patients	T101	C0030705
28146402	1842	1868	matrix metalloproteinase 1	T116,T126	C0127082
28146402	1870	1875	MMP-1	T116,T126	C0127082
28146402	1881	1919	tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6	T116,T123	C0033684
28146402	1921	1926	TSG-6	T116,T123	C0033684
28146402	1929	1956	chondrodegenerative markers	T201	C0005516
28146402	1983	1988	weeks	T079	C0439230
28146402	1999	2024	patient-reported outcomes	T170	C2987124
28146402	2046	2050	time	T079	C0040223
28146402	2066	2075	treatment	T169	C0039798
28146402	2076	2081	group	T078	C0441833
28146402	2083	2108	Patient-reported outcomes	T170	C2987124
28146402	2132	2140	patients	T101	C0030705
28146402	2141	2150	receiving	T080	C1514756
28146402	2151	2165	corticosteroid	T121	C3536709
28146402	2166	2176	injections	T061	C0021485
28146402	2185	2192	placebo	T122	C1696465
28146402	2193	2198	group	T078	C0441833
28146402	2209	2218	increases	T169	C0442805
28146402	2222	2255	C-telopeptide of type II collagen	T116,T123	C3849640
28146402	2257	2263	CTX-II	T116,T123	C3849640
28146402	2266	2281	associated with	T080	C0332281
28146402	2282	2298	collagen type II	T116,T123	C0009331
28146402	2299	2308	breakdown	T044	C1157968
28146402	2344	2351	placebo	T122	C1696465
28146402	2352	2357	group	T078	C0441833
28146402	2400	2406	groups	T078	C0441833
28146402	2412	2420	received	T080	C1514756
28146402	2425	2439	corticosteroid	T121	C3536709
28146402	2440	2449	injection	T061	C0021485
28146402	2475	2479	days	T079	C0439228
28146402	2486	2492	injury	T037	C3263723
28146402	2494	2501	group 1	T170	C0441861
28146402	2532	2539	group 3	T170	C0441869
28146402	2571	2575	PTOA	T046	C2894027
28146402	2590	2594	time	T079	C0040223
28146402	2598	2604	injury	T037	C3263723
28146402	2617	2622	early	T079	C1279919
28146402	2638	2644	matrix	T024	C0005962
28146402	2645	2652	changes	T169	C0392747
28146402	2660	2664	knee	T023	C0022742
28146402	2698	2703	early	T079	C1279919
28146402	2704	2716	intervention	T061	C0184661
28146402	2725	2748	anti-inflammatory agent	T121	C0003209
28146402	2768	2778	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28146402	2782	2803	chondral degeneration	T169	C1880269
28146402	2812	2817	early	T079	C1279919
28146402	2818	2830	intervention	T061	C0184661
28146402	2850	2857	changes	T169	C0392747
28146402	2872	2877	onset	T080	C0332162
28146402	2881	2889	severity	T080	C0439793
28146402	2893	2904	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28146402	2905	2909	PTOA	T046	C2894027
28146402	2923	2932	treatment	T169	C0039798
28146402	2946	2954	patients	T101	C0030705
28146402	2960	2970	ACL injury	T037	C2584975
28146402	3010	3015	early	T079	C1279919
28146402	3016	3026	aspiration	T061	C0349707
28146402	3031	3046	intra-articular	T169	C1522204
28146402	3047	3059	intervention	T061	C0184661

28146639|t|Fifty Years of Research in ARDS. Setting Positive End-expiratory Pressure in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
28146639|a|Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has been utilized during mechanical ventilation since the first description of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the subsequent decades, many different strategies for optimally titrating PEEP have been proposed. Higher PEEP can improve arterial oxygenation, reduce tidal lung stress and strain, and promote more homogenous ventilation by preventing alveolar collapse at end expiration. However, PEEP may also cause circulatory depression and contribute to ventilator-induced lung injury through alveolar overdistention. The overall effect of PEEP is primarily related to the balance between the number of alveoli that are recruited to participate in ventilation and the amount of lung that is overdistended when PEEP is applied. Techniques to assess lung recruitment from PEEP may help to direct safer and more effective PEEP titration. Some PEEP titration strategies attempt to weigh beneficial effects on arterial oxygenation and on prevention of cyclic alveolar collapse with the harmful potential of overdistention. One method for PEEP titration is a PEEP / FiO2 table, which prioritizes support for arterial oxygenation. Other methods set PEEP based on mechanical parameters such as the plateau pressure, respiratory system compliance, or transpulmonary pressure. No single method of PEEP titration has been shown to improve clinical outcomes compared to other approaches of setting PEEP. Future trials should focus on identifying patients who respond to higher PEEP with recruitment and on clinically important outcomes such as mortality.
28146639	6	11	Years	T079	C0439234
28146639	15	23	Research	T062	C0035168
28146639	27	31	ARDS	T047	C0035222
28146639	33	73	Setting Positive End-expiratory Pressure	T033	C0807495
28146639	81	116	Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome	T047	C0035222
28146639	117	149	Positive end-expiratory pressure	T061	C0032740
28146639	151	155	PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	182	204	mechanical ventilation	T061	C0199470
28146639	221	232	description	T170	C0678257
28146639	240	275	acute respiratory distress syndrome	T047	C0035222
28146639	277	281	ARDS	T047	C0035222
28146639	302	309	decades	T081	C2981279
28146639	316	325	different	T080	C1705242
28146639	341	365	optimally titrating PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	393	397	PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	402	409	improve	T033	C0184511
28146639	410	418	arterial	T023	C0003842
28146639	419	430	oxygenation	T042	C0231940
28146639	445	449	lung	T023	C0024109
28146639	450	456	stress	T033	C0038435
28146639	461	467	strain	T033	C0243095
28146639	486	496	homogenous	T082	C0439713
28146639	497	508	ventilation	T039	C2945579
28146639	523	531	alveolar	T023	C1440080
28146639	532	540	collapse	T033	C0344329
28146639	544	558	end expiration	T039	C0442700
28146639	569	573	PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	589	611	circulatory depression	T047	C1610069
28146639	630	660	ventilator-induced lung injury	T037	C2350350
28146639	669	677	alveolar	T023	C1440080
28146639	678	692	overdistention	T046	C0012359
28146639	706	712	effect	T080	C1280500
28146639	716	720	PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	749	756	balance	T169	C0205415
28146639	769	775	number	T081	C0237753
28146639	779	786	alveoli	T023	C1515933
28146639	809	820	participate	T169	C0679823
28146639	824	835	ventilation	T039	C2945579
28146639	854	858	lung	T023	C0024109
28146639	867	880	overdistended	T046	C0012359
28146639	886	890	PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	903	913	Techniques	T169	C0449851
28146639	924	928	lung	T023	C0024109
28146639	946	950	PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	985	994	effective	T080	C1704419
28146639	995	1009	PEEP titration	T061	C0032740
28146639	1016	1030	PEEP titration	T061	C0032740
28146639	1081	1089	arterial	T023	C0003842
28146639	1090	1101	oxygenation	T042	C0231940
28146639	1130	1138	alveolar	T023	C1440080
28146639	1139	1147	collapse	T033	C0344329
28146639	1178	1192	overdistention	T046	C0012359
28146639	1209	1223	PEEP titration	T061	C0032740
28146639	1229	1233	PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	1236	1240	FiO2	T033	C0428167
28146639	1241	1246	table	T170	C1706074
28146639	1278	1286	arterial	T023	C0003842
28146639	1287	1298	oxygenation	T042	C0231940
28146639	1318	1322	PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	1343	1353	parameters	T077	C0549193
28146639	1366	1382	plateau pressure	T081	C0445176
28146639	1384	1413	respiratory system compliance	T033	C4054143
28146639	1418	1441	transpulmonary pressure	T034	C0428642
28146639	1463	1477	PEEP titration	T061	C0032740
28146639	1504	1512	clinical	T080	C0205210
28146639	1513	1521	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28146639	1522	1530	compared	T052	C1707455
28146639	1540	1550	approaches	T169	C1292724
28146639	1562	1566	PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	1568	1574	Future	T079	C0016884
28146639	1575	1581	trials	T062	C0008976
28146639	1598	1618	identifying patients	T058	C1269815
28146639	1641	1645	PEEP	T061	C0032740
28146639	1670	1680	clinically	T080	C0205210
28146639	1681	1690	important	T080	C3898777
28146639	1691	1699	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28146639	1708	1717	mortality	T081	C0205848

28147376|t|Solifenacin in the Elderly: Results of an Observational Study Measuring Efficacy, Tolerability and Cognitive Effects
28147376|a|The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of solifenacin in older patients with overactive bladder (OAB). Observational data on patients aged ≥70 years and the prescribed flexible dose of solifenacin for OAB were collected at 294 offices of German general practitioners. Baseline and week 12 data included type and severity of OAB symptoms, adverse events, quality of life, and change in cognitive function per Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Mean age of 774 patients was 78 ± 6 years. A decrease was observed in all OAB symptoms including a reduction of urinary urgency and micturition, each by 4 episodes per 24 h. No change in mean MMSE score s was apparent at week 12. Adverse events and treatment discontinuations were low at 5.8 and 0.5%, respectively. Solifenacin was well-tolerated while OAB symptoms declined at week 12. No relevant effect of solifenacin on cognitive function was observed in this elderly population.
28147376	0	11	Solifenacin	T109,T121	C1099677
28147376	19	26	Elderly	T098	C0001792
28147376	28	35	Results	T033	C2825142
28147376	42	61	Observational Study	T062	C1518527
28147376	72	80	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28147376	82	94	Tolerability	T080	C1704410
28147376	99	116	Cognitive Effects	T033	C0935657
28147376	121	126	study	T062	C0008972
28147376	149	157	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28147376	162	168	safety	T068	C0036043
28147376	172	183	solifenacin	T109,T121	C1099677
28147376	187	201	older patients	T101	C0030705
28147376	207	225	overactive bladder	T047	C0878773
28147376	227	230	OAB	T047	C0878773
28147376	233	251	Observational data	T078	C1511726
28147376	255	263	patients	T101	C0030705
28147376	287	297	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28147376	298	306	flexible	T080	C0443220
28147376	307	311	dose	T081	C0178602
28147376	315	326	solifenacin	T109,T121	C1099677
28147376	331	334	OAB	T047	C0878773
28147376	357	364	offices	T073,T093	C0031834
28147376	368	374	German	T098	C1556085
28147376	375	396	general practitioners	T097	C0017319
28147376	419	423	data	T078	C1511726
28147376	433	437	type	T080	C0332307
28147376	442	450	severity	T080	C0439793
28147376	454	457	OAB	T047	C0878773
28147376	458	466	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28147376	468	482	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28147376	484	499	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28147376	505	511	change	T169	C0392747
28147376	515	533	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
28147376	538	567	Mini Mental State Examination	T060	C0451306
28147376	569	573	MMSE	T060	C0451306
28147376	576	584	Mean age	T032	C0001779
28147376	592	600	patients	T101	C0030705
28147376	621	629	decrease	T080	C0392756
28147376	650	653	OAB	T047	C0878773
28147376	654	662	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28147376	675	684	reduction	T080	C0392756
28147376	688	703	urinary urgency	T047	C0085606
28147376	708	719	micturition	T040	C0042034
28147376	731	739	episodes	T079	C0332189
28147376	750	759	No change	T033	C0442739
28147376	768	778	MMSE score	T033	C2960235
28147376	797	801	week	T079	C0439230
28147376	806	820	Adverse events	T046	C0877248
28147376	825	851	treatment discontinuations	T058	C0457454
28147376	857	860	low	T081	C1611820
28147376	892	903	Solifenacin	T109,T121	C1099677
28147376	929	932	OAB	T047	C0878773
28147376	933	941	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28147376	963	981	No relevant effect	T080	C1301751
28147376	985	996	solifenacin	T109,T121	C1099677
28147376	1000	1018	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
28147376	1040	1058	elderly population	T098	C0001792

28148284|t|Rasagiline - induced severe recurrent hypoglycemia in a young woman without diabetes: a case report
28148284|a|We report a case of a patient with recurrent severe hypoglycemia after initiating the drug rasagiline (Azilect) for Parkinson disease. A 25- year -old Emirati woman who had been diagnosed with Parkinson disease due to a genetic mutation since the age of 18 years presented to our hospital. She had been treated with a rotigotine patch 2 mg per day along with carbidopa + levodopa + entacapone 25 mg/100 mg/200 mg (Stalevo) over these years. Recently, her Stalevo had been changed to rasagiline (a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor). Soon after this change, she started experiencing recurrent documented severe hypoglycemia requiring hospitalization. Her hypoglycemic symptoms completely disappeared after 5-7 days of drug withdrawal. Despite detailed evaluation, no other causal relationship was documented except for rasagiline. To the best of our knowledge, this case report documents an unknown association between rasagiline and hypoglycemia.
28148284	0	10	Rasagiline	T109,T121	C0525678
28148284	13	20	induced	T046	C0007994
28148284	21	50	severe recurrent hypoglycemia	T046	C0342316
28148284	56	61	young	T079	C0332239
28148284	62	67	woman	T098	C0043210
28148284	76	84	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28148284	88	99	case report	T170	C0085973
28148284	112	116	case	T169	C0868928
28148284	122	129	patient	T101	C0030705
28148284	135	164	recurrent severe hypoglycemia	T046	C0342316
28148284	186	201	drug rasagiline	T109,T121	C0525678
28148284	203	210	Azilect	T109,T121	C1712038
28148284	216	233	Parkinson disease	T047	C0030567
28148284	241	245	year	T079	C1510829
28148284	251	264	Emirati woman	T098	C0043210
28148284	278	287	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28148284	293	310	Parkinson disease	T047	C0030567
28148284	320	336	genetic mutation	T045	C0026882
28148284	347	350	age	T032	C0001779
28148284	357	362	years	T079	C1510829
28148284	380	388	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28148284	403	415	treated with	T061	C0332293
28148284	418	428	rotigotine	T109,T121	C1700683
28148284	440	447	per day	T079	C0439505
28148284	459	468	carbidopa	T109,T121	C0006982
28148284	471	479	levodopa	T116,T121,T123	C0023570
28148284	482	492	entacapone	T109,T121	C0165921
28148284	493	522	25 mg/100 mg/200 mg (Stalevo)	T200	C1329757
28148284	534	539	years	T079	C0439234
28148284	555	562	Stalevo	T200	C1329757
28148284	583	593	rasagiline	T109,T121	C0525678
28148284	597	626	monoamine oxidase B inhibitor	T121	C0595265
28148284	678	718	recurrent documented severe hypoglycemia	T046	C0342316
28148284	729	744	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28148284	750	762	hypoglycemic	T047	C0020615
28148284	763	771	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28148284	805	809	days	T079	C0439228
28148284	813	828	drug withdrawal	T052	C2349954
28148284	847	857	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28148284	875	887	relationship	T080	C0439849
28148284	892	902	documented	T058	C1301725
28148284	914	924	rasagiline	T109,T121	C0525678
28148284	961	982	case report documents	T170	C0282574
28148284	1014	1024	rasagiline	T109,T121	C0525678
28148284	1029	1041	hypoglycemia	T047	C0020615

28148830|t|Does sex really matter? Explaining intraspecies variation in ocean acidification responses
28148830|a|Ocean acidification (OA) poses a major threat to marine ecosystems globally, having significant ecological and economic importance. The number and complexity of experiments examining the effects of OA has substantially increased over the past decade, in an attempt to address multi-stressor interactions and long-term responses in an increasing range of aquatic organisms. However, differences in the response of males and females to elevated pCO2 have been investigated in fewer than 4% of studies to date, often being precluded by the difficulty of determining sex non-destructively, particularly in early life stages. Here we highlight that sex can significantly impact organism responses to OA, differentially affecting physiology, reproduction, biochemistry and ultimately survival. What is more, these impacts do not always conform to ecological theory based on differential resource allocation towards reproduction, which would predict females to be more sensitive to OA owing to the higher production cost of eggs compared with sperm. Therefore, non- sex - specific studies may overlook subtle but ecologically significant differences in the responses of males and females to OA, with consequences for forecasting the fate of natural populations in a near-future ocean.
28148830	5	8	sex	T032	C1522384
28148830	35	47	intraspecies	T185	C1705920
28148830	48	57	variation	T080	C0205419
28148830	61	66	ocean	T083	C0028814
28148830	67	80	acidification	T067	C2987513
28148830	81	90	responses	T032	C0871261
28148830	91	96	Ocean	T083	C0028814
28148830	97	110	acidification	T067	C2987513
28148830	112	114	OA	T067	C2987513
28148830	124	136	major threat	T078	C0749385
28148830	147	157	ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28148830	158	166	globally	T080	C2348867
28148830	175	186	significant	T078	C0750502
28148830	187	197	ecological	T070	C0162358
28148830	202	210	economic	T169	C0013557
28148830	211	221	importance	T080	C3898777
28148830	227	233	number	T081	C0237753
28148830	238	248	complexity	T169	C0237523
28148830	252	263	experiments	T062	C0681814
28148830	264	273	examining	T033	C0332128
28148830	278	288	effects of	T080	C1704420
28148830	289	291	OA	T067	C2987513
28148830	296	309	substantially	T078	C0750502
28148830	310	319	increased	T081	C0205217
28148830	329	333	past	T079	C1444637
28148830	334	340	decade	T081	C2981279
28148830	348	355	attempt	T051	C1516084
28148830	359	366	address	T078	C1547607
28148830	367	381	multi-stressor	T078	C0597530
28148830	382	394	interactions	T169	C1704675
28148830	399	408	long-term	T079	C0443252
28148830	409	418	responses	T032	C0871261
28148830	425	435	increasing	T169	C0442808
28148830	436	441	range	T081	C1514721
28148830	445	462	aquatic organisms	T001	C0596121
28148830	473	484	differences	T080	C1705242
28148830	492	500	response	T032	C0871261
28148830	504	509	males	T032	C0086582
28148830	514	521	females	T032	C0086287
28148830	525	538	elevated pCO2	T033	C0858343
28148830	549	561	investigated	T169	C1292732
28148830	565	570	fewer	T081	C0205388
28148830	593	597	date	T079	C0011008
28148830	628	638	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28148830	654	657	sex	T032	C1522384
28148830	658	675	non-destructively	T078	C1254370
28148830	693	710	early life stages	T079	C0680083
28148830	735	738	sex	T032	C1522384
28148830	743	756	significantly	T078	C0750502
28148830	757	763	impact	T080	C4049986
28148830	764	772	organism	T001	C0029235
28148830	773	782	responses	T032	C0871261
28148830	786	788	OA	T067	C2987513
28148830	805	814	affecting	T169	C0392760
28148830	815	825	physiology	T039	C0031843
28148830	827	839	reproduction	T040	C0035150
28148830	841	853	biochemistry	T169	C0205474
28148830	858	877	ultimately survival	T169	C0220921
28148830	899	906	impacts	T080	C4049986
28148830	932	949	ecological theory	T078	C0871935
28148830	959	971	differential	T080	C0443199
28148830	972	991	resource allocation	T081	C0086914
28148830	1000	1012	reproduction	T040	C0035150
28148830	1026	1033	predict	T078	C0681842
28148830	1034	1041	females	T032	C0086287
28148830	1053	1062	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28148830	1066	1068	OA	T067	C2987513
28148830	1089	1104	production cost	T169	C0220812
28148830	1108	1112	eggs	T025	C0029974
28148830	1113	1121	compared	T052	C1707455
28148830	1127	1132	sperm	T025	C0037868
28148830	1150	1153	sex	T032	C1522384
28148830	1156	1172	specific studies	T062	C2603343
28148830	1210	1221	significant	T078	C0750502
28148830	1222	1233	differences	T080	C1705242
28148830	1241	1250	responses	T032	C0871261
28148830	1254	1259	males	T032	C0086582
28148830	1264	1271	females	T032	C0086287
28148830	1275	1277	OA	T067	C2987513
28148830	1284	1296	consequences	T169	C0686907
28148830	1301	1312	forecasting	T079	C0220831
28148830	1325	1332	natural	T169	C0205296
28148830	1333	1344	populations	T098	C1257890
28148830	1350	1361	near-future	T079	C0016884
28148830	1362	1367	ocean	T083	C0028814

28149055|t|Computational analysis of conserved coil functional residues in the mitochondrial genomic sequences of dermatophytes
28149055|a|Dermatophyte is a group of closely related fungi that have the capacity to invade keratinized tissue of humans and other animals. The infection known as dermatophytosis, caused by members of the genera Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton includes infection to the groin (tinea cruris), beard (tinea barbae), scalp (tinea capitis), feet (tinea pedis), glabrous skin (tinea corporis), nail (tinea unguium), and hand (tinea manuum). The identification of evolutionary relationship between these three genera of dermatophyte is epidemiologically important to understand their pathogenicity. Mitochondrial DNA evolves more rapidly than a nuclear DNA due to higher rate of mutation but is very less affected by genetic recombination, making it an important tool for phylogenetic studies. Thus, here we present a novel scheme to identify the conserved coil functional residues of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum canis. Protein coding sequences of the mitochondrial genome were aligned for their similar sequences and homology modelling was performed for structure and pocket identification. The results obtained from comparative analysis of the protein sequences revealed the presence of functionally active sites in all the species of the genera Trichophyton and Microsporum. However in Epidermophyton floccosum it was observed in three protein sequences of the five studied. The absence of these conserved coil functional residues in E. floccusum may be correlated with lesser infectivity of this organism. The functional residues identified in the present study could be responsible for the disease and thus can act as putative target sites for drug designing.
28149055	0	22	Computational analysis	T059	C4297010
28149055	26	40	conserved coil	T082	C0444764
28149055	41	60	functional residues	T077	C1709915
28149055	68	99	mitochondrial genomic sequences	T059	C3863348
28149055	103	116	dermatophytes	T004	C0011635
28149055	117	129	Dermatophyte	T004	C0011635
28149055	160	165	fungi	T004	C0016832
28149055	192	198	invade	T080	C1517574
28149055	199	210	keratinized	T169	C0232387
28149055	211	217	tissue	T024	C0040300
28149055	221	227	humans	T016	C0086418
28149055	238	245	animals	T008	C0003062
28149055	251	260	infection	T046	C3714514
28149055	270	285	dermatophytosis	T047	C0011636
28149055	312	318	genera	T185	C1708235
28149055	319	330	Microsporum	T004	C0026033
28149055	332	344	Trichophyton	T004	C0040933
28149055	350	364	Epidermophyton	T004	C0014529
28149055	374	383	infection	T046	C3714514
28149055	391	396	groin	T029	C0018246
28149055	398	410	tinea cruris	T047	C1384589
28149055	413	418	beard	T023	C0221982
28149055	420	432	tinea barbae	T047	C2349994
28149055	435	440	scalp	T023	C0036270
28149055	442	455	tinea capitis	T047	C0040250
28149055	458	462	feet	T023	C0016504
28149055	464	475	tinea pedis	T047	C0040259
28149055	478	491	glabrous skin	T023	C1180283
28149055	493	507	tinea corporis	T047	C0040252
28149055	510	514	nail	T023	C0027342
28149055	516	529	tinea unguium	T047	C0040261
28149055	536	540	hand	T023	C0018563
28149055	542	554	tinea manuum	T047	C0153246
28149055	579	591	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
28149055	592	604	relationship	T080	C0439849
28149055	619	631	three genera	T185	C1708235
28149055	635	647	dermatophyte	T004	C0011635
28149055	651	678	epidemiologically important	T169	C1516907
28149055	699	712	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
28149055	714	731	Mitochondrial DNA	T114,T123	C0012929
28149055	732	739	evolves	T038	C0282688
28149055	740	752	more rapidly	T080	C0456962
28149055	760	771	nuclear DNA	T114,T123	C1179920
28149055	786	802	rate of mutation	T080	C3178846
28149055	815	828	less affected	T169	C0392760
28149055	832	853	genetic recombination	T045	C0034865
28149055	868	882	important tool	T073	C2827396
28149055	887	907	phylogenetic studies	T062	C1519068
28149055	962	976	conserved coil	T082	C0444764
28149055	977	996	functional residues	T077	C1709915
28149055	1000	1019	Trichophyton rubrum	T004	C0040935
28149055	1021	1048	Trichophyton mentagrophytes	T004	C0040934
28149055	1050	1074	Epidermophyton floccosum	T004	C0014530
28149055	1079	1096	Microsporum canis	T004	C0319950
28149055	1098	1122	Protein coding sequences	T028	C0079941
28149055	1130	1150	mitochondrial genome	T028	C1819716
28149055	1174	1191	similar sequences	T086	C0162326
28149055	1196	1214	homology modelling	T063	C1512489
28149055	1233	1242	structure	T116	C1510464
28149055	1247	1253	pocket	T087	C0599218
28149055	1254	1268	identification	T062	C0936012
28149055	1296	1316	comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
28149055	1324	1341	protein sequences	T087	C0002518
28149055	1380	1392	active sites	T169	C0205681
28149055	1419	1425	genera	T185	C1708235
28149055	1426	1438	Trichophyton	T004	C0040933
28149055	1443	1454	Microsporum	T004	C0026033
28149055	1467	1491	Epidermophyton floccosum	T004	C0014530
28149055	1517	1534	protein sequences	T087	C0002518
28149055	1577	1591	conserved coil	T082	C0444764
28149055	1592	1611	functional residues	T077	C1709915
28149055	1615	1627	E. floccusum	T004	C0014530
28149055	1651	1669	lesser infectivity	T080	C0030657
28149055	1678	1686	organism	T001	C0029235
28149055	1692	1711	functional residues	T077	C1709915
28149055	1773	1780	disease	T047	C0012634
28149055	1801	1822	putative target sites	T169	C1521840
28149055	1827	1841	drug designing	T090	C0013171

28149400|t|The effect of different decline angles on the biomechanics of double limb squats and the implications to clinical and training practice
28149400|a|Bilateral decline squatting has been well documented as a rehabilitation exercise, however, little information exists on the optimum angle of decline. The aim of this study was to determine the ankle and knee angle, moments, the patellofemoral joint load, patellar tendon load and associated muscle activity while performing a double limb squat at different decline angles and the implications to rehabilitation. Eighteen healthy subjects performed double limb squats at 6 angles of declination: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees. The range of motion of the knee and ankle joints, external moments, the patellofemoral / patellar tendon load and integrated EMG of gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris and biceps femoris were evaluated. As the decline angle increased up to 20 degrees, the range of motion possible at the ankle and knee increased. The joint moments showed a decrease at the ankle up to 15 degrees and an increase at the knee up to 25 degrees, indicating a progressive reduction in loading around the ankle with a corresponding increase of the load in the patellar tendon and patellofemoral joint. These trends were supported by a decrease in tibialis anterior activity and an increase in the rectus femoris activity up to 15 degrees declination. However, gastrocnemius and biceps femoris activity increased as the decline angle increased above 15 degrees. The action of gastrocnemius and biceps femoris stabilises the knee against an anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia. These findings would suggest that there is little benefit in using a decline angle greater than 15-20 degrees unless the purpose is to offer an additional stability challenge to the knee joint.
28149400	4	13	effect of	T080	C1704420
28149400	24	31	decline	T081	C0392762
28149400	32	38	angles	T082	C0205143
28149400	46	58	biomechanics	T091	C0005537
28149400	62	68	double	T169	C0205173
28149400	69	73	limb	T023	C0015385
28149400	74	80	squats	T039	C2584306
28149400	105	135	clinical and training practice	T170	C0282574
28149400	146	153	decline	T081	C0392762
28149400	154	163	squatting	T039	C2584306
28149400	194	217	rehabilitation exercise	T061	C0452240
28149400	261	268	optimum	T080	C2698651
28149400	269	274	angle	T082	C0205143
28149400	278	285	decline	T081	C0392762
28149400	330	335	ankle	T029	C0003086
28149400	340	350	knee angle	T033	C0231760
28149400	352	359	moments	T033	C0243095
28149400	365	385	patellofemoral joint	T030	C0447801
28149400	386	390	load	T067	C0033095
28149400	392	407	patellar tendon	T023	C0206332
28149400	408	412	load	T067	C0033095
28149400	417	427	associated	T078	C0750490
28149400	428	434	muscle	T024	C0026845
28149400	435	443	activity	T052	C0441655
28149400	463	469	double	T169	C0205173
28149400	470	474	limb	T023	C0015385
28149400	475	480	squat	T039	C2584306
28149400	494	501	decline	T081	C0392762
28149400	502	508	angles	T082	C0205143
28149400	533	547	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
28149400	558	574	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
28149400	585	591	double	T169	C0205173
28149400	592	596	limb	T023	C0015385
28149400	597	603	squats	T039	C2584306
28149400	609	615	angles	T082	C0205143
28149400	619	630	declination	T081	C0392762
28149400	656	663	degrees	T081	C0449286
28149400	669	696	range of motion of the knee	T033	C0576094
28149400	701	713	ankle joints	T030	C0003087
28149400	715	731	external moments	T033	C0243095
28149400	737	751	patellofemoral	T030	C0447801
28149400	754	769	patellar tendon	T023	C0206332
28149400	770	774	load	T067	C0033095
28149400	790	793	EMG	T060	C0013839
28149400	797	810	gastrocnemius	T023	C0242691
28149400	812	829	tibialis anterior	T023	C0242690
28149400	831	845	rectus femoris	T023	C0584894
28149400	850	864	biceps femoris	T023	C0224449
28149400	870	879	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28149400	888	895	decline	T081	C0392762
28149400	896	901	angle	T082	C0205143
28149400	902	911	increased	T081	C0205217
28149400	921	928	degrees	T081	C0449286
28149400	934	949	range of motion	T201	C2607871
28149400	966	971	ankle	T029	C0003086
28149400	976	980	knee	T023	C0022742
28149400	981	990	increased	T081	C0205217
28149400	996	1001	joint	T030	C0022417
28149400	1002	1009	moments	T033	C0243095
28149400	1019	1027	decrease	T081	C0547047
28149400	1035	1040	ankle	T029	C0003086
28149400	1050	1057	degrees	T081	C0449286
28149400	1065	1073	increase	T169	C0442805
28149400	1081	1085	knee	T023	C0022742
28149400	1095	1102	degrees	T081	C0449286
28149400	1129	1138	reduction	T080	C0392756
28149400	1142	1149	loading	T067	C0033095
28149400	1161	1166	ankle	T029	C0003086
28149400	1188	1196	increase	T169	C0442805
28149400	1204	1208	load	T067	C0033095
28149400	1216	1231	patellar tendon	T023	C0206332
28149400	1236	1256	patellofemoral joint	T030	C0447801
28149400	1291	1299	decrease	T081	C0547047
28149400	1303	1320	tibialis anterior	T023	C0242690
28149400	1321	1329	activity	T052	C0441655
28149400	1337	1345	increase	T169	C0442805
28149400	1353	1367	rectus femoris	T023	C0584894
28149400	1368	1376	activity	T052	C0441655
28149400	1386	1393	degrees	T081	C0449286
28149400	1394	1405	declination	T081	C0392762
28149400	1416	1429	gastrocnemius	T023	C0242691
28149400	1434	1448	biceps femoris	T023	C0224449
28149400	1449	1457	activity	T052	C0441655
28149400	1458	1467	increased	T081	C0205217
28149400	1475	1482	decline	T081	C0392762
28149400	1483	1488	angle	T082	C0205143
28149400	1489	1498	increased	T081	C0205217
28149400	1508	1515	degrees	T081	C0449286
28149400	1521	1527	action	T052	C3266814
28149400	1531	1544	gastrocnemius	T023	C0242691
28149400	1549	1563	biceps femoris	T023	C0224449
28149400	1564	1574	stabilises	T080	C0205360
28149400	1579	1583	knee	T023	C0022742
28149400	1595	1616	anterior displacement	T169	C0333043
28149400	1624	1629	femur	T023	C0015811
28149400	1637	1642	tibia	T023	C0040184
28149400	1713	1720	decline	T081	C0392762
28149400	1721	1726	angle	T082	C0205143
28149400	1746	1753	degrees	T081	C0449286
28149400	1799	1808	stability	T080	C0205360
28149400	1826	1836	knee joint	T030	C0022745

28149591|t|Non-intubated subxiphoid uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy using glasses-free 3D vision
28149591|a|Trans-sternal thymectomy has long been accepted as the standard surgical procedure for thymic masses. Recently, minimally invasive methods, such as video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and, even more recently, non-intubated anesthesia, have emerged. These methods provide advantages including reductions in surgical trauma, postoperative associated pain, and in regards to VATS, provide certain cosmetic benefits. Considering these advantages, we herein present a case of subxiphoid uniportal VATS for thymic mass using a glasses-free 3D thoracoscopic display system.
28149591	0	13	Non-intubated	T061	C0087111
28149591	14	24	subxiphoid	T082	C4039027
28149591	25	74	uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy	T061	C4304660
28149591	64	74	thymectomy	T061	C0040071
28149591	81	93	glasses-free	T033	C0243095
28149591	94	96	3D	T082	C0450363
28149591	97	103	vision	T040	C0042789
28149591	104	128	Trans-sternal thymectomy	T061	C0405560
28149591	143	151	accepted	T080	C1272684
28149591	159	167	standard	T080	C1442989
28149591	168	186	surgical procedure	T061	C0543467
28149591	191	204	thymic masses	T023	C0040113
28149591	206	214	Recently	T079	C0332185
28149591	216	225	minimally	T080	C0547040
28149591	226	234	invasive	T169	C0038895
28149591	235	242	methods	T170	C0025663
28149591	252	288	video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery	T061	C4304660
28149591	289	295	(VATS)	T061	C4304660
28149591	321	334	non-intubated	T061	C0087111
28149591	335	345	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
28149591	352	359	emerged	T080	C0700364
28149591	367	374	methods	T170	C0025663
28149591	383	393	advantages	T081	C0814225
28149591	394	403	including	T169	C0332257
28149591	404	414	reductions	T080	C0392756
28149591	418	433	surgical trauma	T033	C4060629
28149591	435	464	postoperative associated pain	T184	C0030201
28149591	484	488	VATS	T061	C4304660
28149591	506	514	cosmetic	T061	C0442965
28149591	515	523	benefits	T081	C0814225
28149591	525	536	Considering	T078	C0750591
28149591	543	553	advantages	T081	C0814225
28149591	583	593	subxiphoid	T082	C4039027
28149591	594	608	uniportal VATS	T061	C4304660
28149591	613	624	thymic mass	T024	C1515430
28149591	633	645	glasses-free	T033	C0243095
28149591	646	648	3D	T082	C0450363
28149591	649	662	thoracoscopic	T082	C0442425
28149591	663	677	display system	T170	C0871584

28149973|t|Opioids for chronic pain: The CDC's 12 recommendations
28149973|a|The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued 12 recommendations to help clinicians prescribe an optimal and safe course of treatment for patients.
28149973	0	7	Opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28149973	12	24	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28149973	30	35	CDC's	T093	C0007670
28149973	39	54	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28149973	59	101	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	T093	C0007670
28149973	116	131	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28149973	140	150	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28149973	151	160	prescribe	T058	C0033080
28149973	164	171	optimal	T080	C2698651
28149973	191	200	treatment	T061	C0087111
28149973	205	213	patients	T101	C0030705

28150322|t|Three-Dimensional HyCoSy With Perfluoropropane-Albumin Microspheres as Contrast Agents and Normal Saline Injections Into the Pelvic Cavity for Morphological Assessment of the Fallopian Tube in Infertile Women
28150322|a|To apply the three-dimensional (3D) hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy) with perfluoropropane-albumin microspheres as contrast agents and normal saline injections into the pelvic cavity for assessment of the tubal patency and adhesions of fimbrial parts. Fifty-five infertile female patients were recruited to undergo 3D HyCoSy with normal saline injected into the pelvic cavity, in which the tubal patency was observed by visualizing the spillage of contrast agents from the fimbriae, and the fimbrial adhesion was confirmed by the finger-like projections of the fimbriae and their floating and moving status. Of the 55 patients, bilateral tubal patency was observed in 44 (80.0%), unilateral tubal patency and the other partial occlusion in 7 (12.7%), unilateral partial occlusion and the other complete occlusion in 3 (5.4%), and bilateral complete occlusion in 1 (1.8%). The fimbrial parts were observed in 105 fallopian tubes, among which 101 were seen with the finger-like fimbriae floated and moved in the pelvic cavity, whereas 4 tubes were not because of adhesion to the pelvic cavity (n = 3) or the ovary and intestine (n = 1). More than three visible, quite long, and distributed evenly finger-like projection s were present for the patent fimbrial parts; however, fewer, flat, and not evenly distributed finger-like projection s were present for the adhesive tubes. No serious complications occurred during or after this procedure. Combination of 3D HyCoSy with normal saline injected into the pelvic cavity may be a feasible and safe procedure to assess tubal patency and adhesions of the fimbrial parts.
28150322	0	17	Three-Dimensional	T082	C0450363
28150322	18	24	HyCoSy	T060	C0412553
28150322	30	67	Perfluoropropane-Albumin Microspheres	T109,T130	C0389602
28150322	71	86	Contrast Agents	T130	C0009924
28150322	98	104	Saline	T167	C0036082
28150322	105	115	Injections	T061	C1533685
28150322	125	138	Pelvic Cavity	T030	C0559769
28150322	143	156	Morphological	T080	C0332437
28150322	157	167	Assessment	T058	C0220825
28150322	175	189	Fallopian Tube	T023	C0015560
28150322	193	202	Infertile	T046	C0021359
28150322	203	208	Women	T098	C0043210
28150322	222	239	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28150322	241	243	3D	T082	C0450363
28150322	245	280	hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography	T060	C0412553
28150322	282	288	HyCoSy	T060	C0412553
28150322	295	332	perfluoropropane-albumin microspheres	T109,T130	C0389602
28150322	336	351	contrast agents	T130	C0009924
28150322	363	369	saline	T167	C0036082
28150322	370	380	injections	T061	C1533685
28150322	390	403	pelvic cavity	T030	C0559769
28150322	408	439	assessment of the tubal patency	T060	C0015559
28150322	444	471	adhesions of fimbrial parts	T047	C4303544
28150322	484	493	infertile	T046	C0021359
28150322	494	500	female	T032	C0086287
28150322	501	509	patients	T101	C0030705
28150322	536	538	3D	T082	C0450363
28150322	539	545	HyCoSy	T060	C0412553
28150322	558	564	saline	T167	C0036082
28150322	565	573	injected	T061	C1533685
28150322	583	596	pelvic cavity	T030	C0559769
28150322	669	684	contrast agents	T130	C0009924
28150322	694	702	fimbriae	T023	C0227912
28150322	712	729	fimbrial adhesion	T047	C4303544
28150322	751	774	finger-like projections	T082	C0348018
28150322	782	790	fimbriae	T023	C0227912
28150322	801	809	floating	T080	C0443223
28150322	814	827	moving status	T078	C1561509
28150322	839	847	patients	T101	C0030705
28150322	849	872	bilateral tubal patency	T033	C0243095
28150322	901	925	unilateral tubal patency	T033	C0243095
28150322	940	957	partial occlusion	T047	C1997620
28150322	972	982	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28150322	983	1000	partial occlusion	T047	C1997620
28150322	1015	1033	complete occlusion	T046	C0028778
28150322	1051	1060	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28150322	1061	1079	complete occlusion	T046	C0028778
28150322	1097	1111	fimbrial parts	T023	C0227912
28150322	1133	1148	fallopian tubes	T023	C0015560
28150322	1185	1196	finger-like	T082	C1254362
28150322	1197	1205	fimbriae	T023	C0227912
28150322	1206	1213	floated	T080	C0443223
28150322	1218	1223	moved	T078	C1561509
28150322	1231	1244	pelvic cavity	T030	C0559769
28150322	1282	1290	adhesion	T047	C4303544
28150322	1298	1311	pelvic cavity	T030	C0559769
28150322	1327	1332	ovary	T023	C0029939
28150322	1337	1346	intestine	T023	C0021853
28150322	1416	1438	finger-like projection	T082	C0348018
28150322	1462	1468	patent	T082	C0175566
28150322	1469	1483	fimbrial parts	T023	C0227912
28150322	1494	1499	fewer	T081	C0205388
28150322	1501	1505	flat	T082	C0205324
28150322	1534	1556	finger-like projection	T082	C0348018
28150322	1580	1594	adhesive tubes	T047	C4303544
28150322	1607	1620	complications	T046	C0009566
28150322	1651	1660	procedure	T060	C0430022
28150322	1662	1673	Combination	T080	C0205195
28150322	1677	1679	3D	T082	C0450363
28150322	1680	1686	HyCoSy	T060	C0412553
28150322	1699	1705	saline	T167	C0036082
28150322	1706	1714	injected	T061	C1533685
28150322	1724	1737	pelvic cavity	T030	C0559769
28150322	1765	1774	procedure	T060	C0430022
28150322	1803	1834	adhesions of the fimbrial parts	T047	C4303544

28150347|t|Trends in dietary intake among adults with type 2 diabetes: NHANES 1988-2012
28150347|a|Dietary recommendations for adults with diabetes are to follow a healthy diet in appropriate portion sizes. We determined recent trends in energy and nutrient intakes among a nationally representative sample of US adults with and without type 2 diabetes. Participants were adults aged ≥20 years from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988-2012 (N = 49 770). Diabetes was determined by self-report of a physician's diagnosis (n = 4885). Intake of energy and nutrients were determined from a 24- h recall by participants of all food consumed. Linear regression was used to test for trends in mean intake over time for all participants and by demographic characteristics. Among adults with diabetes, overall total energy intake increased between 1988-1994 and 2011-2012 (1689 kcal versus 1895 kcal; Ptrend < 0.001) with evidence of a plateau between 2003-2006 and 2011-2012. In 2007-2012, energy intake was greater for younger than older adults, for men than women, and for non-Hispanic whites versus non-Hispanic blacks. There was no change in the percentage of calories from carbohydrate, total fat or protein. Percentage of calories from saturated fat was similar across study periods but remained above recommendations (11.2% in 2011-2012). Fibre intake significantly decreased and remained below recommendations (Ptrend = 0.002). Sodium, cholesterol and calcium intakes increased. There was no change in energy intake among adults without diabetes and dietary trends were similar to those with diabetes. Future data are needed to confirm a plateau in energy intake among adults with diabetes, although the opportunity exists to increase fibre and reduce saturated fat.
28150347	0	6	Trends	T079	C0040833
28150347	10	24	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
28150347	31	37	adults	T100	C0001675
28150347	43	58	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28150347	60	66	NHANES	T062	C0376344
28150347	77	84	Dietary	T168	C0012155
28150347	85	100	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28150347	105	111	adults	T100	C0001675
28150347	117	125	diabetes	T047	C0011860
28150347	142	154	healthy diet	T061	C0452415
28150347	170	183	portion sizes	T081	C3658326
28150347	206	212	trends	T079	C0040833
28150347	216	222	energy	T081	C0006777
28150347	227	243	nutrient intakes	T081	C0006777
28150347	288	290	US	T083	C0041703
28150347	291	297	adults	T100	C0001675
28150347	315	330	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28150347	332	344	Participants	T098	C0679646
28150347	350	356	adults	T100	C0001675
28150347	357	361	aged	T032	C0001779
28150347	366	371	years	T079	C0439234
28150347	381	446	cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys	T062	C0376344
28150347	472	480	Diabetes	T047	C0011860
28150347	499	510	self-report	T062	C2700446
28150347	516	527	physician's	T097	C0031831
28150347	528	537	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28150347	550	566	Intake of energy	T081	C0006777
28150347	571	580	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28150347	608	609	h	T079	C0439227
28150347	620	632	participants	T098	C0679646
28150347	640	644	food	T168	C0016452
28150347	655	672	Linear regression	T081	C0023733
28150347	685	689	test	T169	C0039593
28150347	694	700	trends	T079	C0040833
28150347	709	715	intake	T040	C1286104
28150347	721	725	time	T079	C0040223
28150347	734	746	participants	T098	C0679646
28150347	754	781	demographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28150347	789	795	adults	T100	C0001675
28150347	801	809	diabetes	T047	C0011860
28150347	825	838	energy intake	T081	C0006777
28150347	839	848	increased	T081	C0205217
28150347	882	891	1689 kcal	T081	C0439259
28150347	899	908	1895 kcal	T081	C0439259
28150347	945	952	plateau	T081	C2964353
28150347	1000	1013	energy intake	T081	C0006777
28150347	1030	1037	younger	T100	C0238598
28150347	1043	1055	older adults	T098	C0001792
28150347	1061	1064	men	T098	C0025266
28150347	1070	1075	women	T098	C0043210
28150347	1085	1104	non-Hispanic whites	T098	C0221786
28150347	1112	1131	non-Hispanic blacks	T098	C0085756
28150347	1160	1170	percentage	T081	C0439165
28150347	1174	1182	calories	T081	C1556156
28150347	1188	1200	carbohydrate	T168	C0453802
28150347	1202	1211	total fat	T109,T168	C0012171
28150347	1215	1222	protein	T168	C0453858
28150347	1224	1234	Percentage	T081	C0439165
28150347	1238	1246	calories	T081	C1556156
28150347	1252	1265	saturated fat	UnknownType	C0682953
28150347	1285	1290	study	T062	C2603343
28150347	1291	1298	periods	T079	C1948053
28150347	1318	1333	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28150347	1356	1368	Fibre intake	T033	C0474451
28150347	1412	1427	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28150347	1446	1452	Sodium	T168	C0037570
28150347	1454	1465	cholesterol	T109	C0008395
28150347	1470	1477	calcium	T197	C0006726
28150347	1478	1485	intakes	T040	C1286104
28150347	1486	1495	increased	T081	C0205217
28150347	1520	1533	energy intake	T081	C0006777
28150347	1540	1546	adults	T100	C0001675
28150347	1555	1563	diabetes	T047	C0011860
28150347	1568	1575	dietary	T168	C0012155
28150347	1576	1582	trends	T079	C0040833
28150347	1610	1618	diabetes	T047	C0011860
28150347	1627	1631	data	T078	C1511726
28150347	1656	1663	plateau	T081	C2964353
28150347	1667	1680	energy intake	T081	C0006777
28150347	1687	1693	adults	T100	C0001675
28150347	1699	1707	diabetes	T047	C0011860
28150347	1744	1752	increase	T169	C0442805
28150347	1753	1758	fibre	T168	C0012173
28150347	1763	1769	reduce	T081	C0547047
28150347	1770	1783	saturated fat	UnknownType	C0682953

28150365|t|Clinical application of a gadolinium -based capsule as an MRI contrast agent in slow transit constipation diagnostics
28150365|a|As a traditional method for the assessment of colon dynamics, radio-opaque markers (ROMs) are limited in clinical use because of their ionizing radiation. We compared the accuracy and applicability of gadolinium -based capsules with ROMs in the measurement of colon dynamics in healthy controls and slow transit constipation (STC) patients. Seven patients with STC and nine healthy controls under a normal diet orally consumed ROMs and gadolinium -based capsules simultaneously. All subjects underwent X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Healthy control images were acquired at 12, 24, and 48 h, and STC patient images were acquired at 24, 48, and 72 h. The scores based on the position of the labeling capsules and ROMs in the colon and the colon transit times (CTTs) in the two groups were compared. The CTTs obtained via the ROMs were 34.7±17.4 and 67.3±6.5 h in the healthy controls and STC patients, respectively (P<.05). The CTTs obtained via MRI were 30.9±15.9 and 74.1±7.2 h in the healthy controls and STC patients, respectively (P<.05). The CTTs of the STC patients were significantly longer than the healthy controls. The correlation (rs) between the scores based on the position of the labeling capsule and ROMs in the healthy group and the STC patients was .880 (P<.05) and .889 (P<.05), respectively. As a MRI contrast label, gadolinium -based capsules exhibit results comparable to ROMs in colon motility measurements.
28150365	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28150365	9	20	application	T169	C0042153
28150365	26	36	gadolinium	T130,T196	C0016911
28150365	44	51	capsule	T122	C0006935
28150365	58	76	MRI contrast agent	T109,T130	C0180108
28150365	80	105	slow transit constipation	T033	C0729262
28150365	106	117	diagnostics	T033	C0011900
28150365	150	160	assessment	T058	C0220825
28150365	164	169	colon	T023	C0009368
28150365	170	178	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28150365	180	200	radio-opaque markers	T074	C2745888
28150365	202	206	ROMs	T074	C2745888
28150365	223	231	clinical	T080	C0205210
28150365	232	235	use	T169	C0042153
28150365	253	271	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
28150365	289	297	accuracy	T080	C0598285
28150365	319	329	gadolinium	T130,T196	C0016911
28150365	337	345	capsules	T122	C0006935
28150365	351	355	ROMs	T074	C2745888
28150365	363	374	measurement	T169	C0242485
28150365	378	383	colon	T023	C0009368
28150365	384	392	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28150365	396	412	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28150365	417	442	slow transit constipation	T033	C0729262
28150365	444	447	STC	T033	C0729262
28150365	449	457	patients	T101	C0030705
28150365	465	473	patients	T101	C0030705
28150365	479	482	STC	T033	C0729262
28150365	492	508	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28150365	517	528	normal diet	T056	C0184625
28150365	545	549	ROMs	T074	C2745888
28150365	554	564	gadolinium	T130,T196	C0016911
28150365	572	580	capsules	T122	C0006935
28150365	620	625	X-ray	T060	C1962945
28150365	630	656	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28150365	658	661	MRI	T060	C0024485
28150365	664	679	Healthy control	T080	C2986479
28150365	680	686	images	T170	C1704254
28150365	726	729	STC	T033	C0729262
28150365	730	737	patient	T101	C0030705
28150365	738	744	images	T170	C1704254
28150365	784	790	scores	T080	C0237855
28150365	820	837	labeling capsules	T130	C1254353
28150365	842	846	ROMs	T074	C2745888
28150365	854	859	colon	T023	C0009368
28150365	868	887	colon transit times	T060	C1096029
28150365	889	893	CTTs	T060	C1096029
28150365	932	936	CTTs	T060	C1096029
28150365	954	958	ROMs	T074	C2745888
28150365	996	1012	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28150365	1017	1020	STC	T033	C0729262
28150365	1021	1029	patients	T101	C0030705
28150365	1057	1061	CTTs	T060	C1096029
28150365	1075	1078	MRI	T060	C0024485
28150365	1116	1132	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28150365	1137	1140	STC	T033	C0729262
28150365	1141	1149	patients	T101	C0030705
28150365	1177	1181	CTTs	T060	C1096029
28150365	1189	1192	STC	T033	C0729262
28150365	1193	1201	patients	T101	C0030705
28150365	1237	1253	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28150365	1259	1270	correlation	T080	C1707520
28150365	1288	1294	scores	T080	C0237855
28150365	1324	1340	labeling capsule	T130	C1254353
28150365	1345	1349	ROMs	T074	C2745888
28150365	1357	1364	healthy	T080	C3898900
28150365	1365	1370	group	T078	C0441833
28150365	1379	1382	STC	T033	C0729262
28150365	1383	1391	patients	T101	C0030705
28150365	1446	1464	MRI contrast label	T109,T130	C0180108
28150365	1466	1476	gadolinium	T130,T196	C0016911
28150365	1484	1492	capsules	T122	C0006935
28150365	1523	1527	ROMs	T074	C2745888
28150365	1531	1536	colon	T023	C0009368
28150365	1537	1545	motility	T040	C1510470
28150365	1546	1558	measurements	T169	C0242485

28150378|t|Challenging some assumptions about empathy
28150378|a|In New Zealand little nursing or medical curricula time, if any, is specifically devoted to the enhancement of empathy. If being empathic is important in the context of patient care, it is a quality that is already present in students or is learned by students during their practicum in the company of experienced clinicians. This study aimed to compare self-reported empathy ratings between different groups of medical students and one cohort of nursing students who were either exposed or not exposed to explicit empathy training or learning in clinical settings in the presence of patients. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE) was completed before and after groups of medical and nursing students had been exposed to various extended periods of practicum. Some medical student cohorts undertook brief empathy training, whereas others had no exposure. The nursing student cohort had no formal, explicit empathy training. Irrespective of profession, length of practicum or exposure to specific empathy training, there were no significant differences in the self-reported JSPE scores across the seven different cohorts of students. Empathy is a quality that is already present in students or is learned by students during their practicum DISCUSSION: If empathy is caught rather than taught, then brief efforts to enhance empathy may be futile. To optimise the inherent empathic qualities of aspirant health professionals, explicit consideration should be given to how empathy is influenced by the practicum experience.
28150378	0	11	Challenging	T058	C0805586
28150378	35	42	empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	46	57	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
28150378	65	72	nursing	T065	C0013636
28150378	76	93	medical curricula	T065	C0013631
28150378	94	98	time	T079	C0040223
28150378	139	150	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28150378	154	161	empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	172	180	empathic	T033	C0564547
28150378	184	193	important	T080	C3898777
28150378	212	224	patient care	T058	C0017313
28150378	269	277	students	T098	C0038492
28150378	295	303	students	T098	C0038492
28150378	317	326	practicum	T065	C0032929
28150378	345	356	experienced	T041	C0237607
28150378	357	367	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28150378	374	379	study	T062	C2603343
28150378	389	396	compare	T052	C1707455
28150378	397	410	self-reported	T062	C2700446
28150378	411	418	empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	445	451	groups	T098	C1257890
28150378	455	471	medical students	T097	C0038495
28150378	480	486	cohort	T098	C0599755
28150378	490	506	nursing students	T097	C0038496
28150378	558	565	empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	566	574	training	T065	C0220931
28150378	578	586	learning	T041	C0023185
28150378	590	607	clinical settings	T082	C3176918
28150378	627	635	patients	T101	C0030705
28150378	641	677	Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy	T080	C0034375
28150378	679	683	JSPE	T080	C0034375
28150378	726	733	medical	T097	C0038495
28150378	738	754	nursing students	T097	C0038496
28150378	783	791	extended	T079	C0439590
28150378	792	799	periods	T079	C1948053
28150378	803	812	practicum	T065	C0032929
28150378	819	834	medical student	T097	C0038495
28150378	835	842	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28150378	853	858	brief	T079	C1879313
28150378	859	866	empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	867	875	training	T065	C0220931
28150378	867	875	training	T065	C0220931
28150378	913	928	nursing student	T097	C0038496
28150378	929	935	cohort	T098	C0599755
28150378	940	949	no formal	T033	C0557286
28150378	960	967	empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	968	976	training	T065	C0220931
28150378	994	1004	profession	T090	C0028811
28150378	1006	1012	length	T079	C0023980
28150378	1016	1025	practicum	T065	C0032929
28150378	1050	1057	empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	1058	1066	training	T065	C0220931
28150378	1079	1105	no significant differences	T033	C3842396
28150378	1113	1126	self-reported	T062	C2700446
28150378	1127	1138	JSPE scores	T080	C0034375
28150378	1166	1173	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28150378	1177	1185	students	T098	C0038492
28150378	1187	1194	Empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	1200	1207	quality	T080	C0332306
28150378	1224	1231	present	T033	C0150312
28150378	1235	1243	students	T098	C0038492
28150378	1250	1260	learned by	T041	C0023185
28150378	1261	1269	students	T098	C0038492
28150378	1283	1292	practicum	T065	C0032929
28150378	1293	1303	DISCUSSION	T054	C2584313
28150378	1308	1315	empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	1319	1325	caught	T055	C0679140
28150378	1338	1344	taught	T080	C0348054
28150378	1368	1375	enhance	T052	C2349975
28150378	1376	1383	empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	1391	1397	futile	T033	C3840836
28150378	1415	1442	inherent empathic qualities	T033	C0564547
28150378	1455	1475	health professionals	T097	C1704312
28150378	1486	1499	consideration	T033	C0518609
28150378	1523	1530	empathy	T055	C0013989
28150378	1534	1544	influenced	T077	C4054723
28150378	1552	1561	practicum	T065	C0032929
28150378	1562	1572	experience	T041	C0237607

28151970|t|Establishing a reference interval for serum anti-dsDNA antibody: A large Chinese Han population -based multi-center study
28151970|a|A reference interval (RI) for the circulating concentration of anti-dsDNA antibody is essential for clinicians to interpret laboratory results and make clinical decisions. Therefore, we aimed to establish the RI for anti-dsDNA antibody in the Chinese Han population. This study was designed and carried out in accordance with guideline C28-A3, which is proposed by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. A total of 2,880 apparently healthy individuals were enrolled using a posteriori sampling. These individuals were recruited from four hospitals, representing the Han populations of north, south, east, and west China. Serum anti-dsDNA antibody levels were measured using the three analytical systems AESKU, EUROIMMUNE, and INOVA, which are the most commonly used systems in China. Individuals were stratified by gender, age, and region, and the RIs were obtained by nonparametric methods. Gender -specific RIs for serum anti-dsDNA antibody in the Chinese Han population were established. This is the first exploration of the RI for anti-dsDNA antibody in the Chinese Han population. We have established gender -specific RIs for each assay method commonly used in China.
28151970	15	33	reference interval	T081	C0086715
28151970	38	43	serum	T031	C0229671
28151970	44	63	anti-dsDNA antibody	T116,T129	C2746079
28151970	73	95	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942
28151970	103	121	multi-center study	T062	C1096776
28151970	124	142	reference interval	T081	C0086715
28151970	144	146	RI	T081	C0086715
28151970	156	167	circulating	T169	C0175630
28151970	168	181	concentration	T081	C0392762
28151970	185	204	anti-dsDNA antibody	T116,T129	C2746079
28151970	222	232	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28151970	246	264	laboratory results	T034	C1254595
28151970	269	292	make clinical decisions	T060	C4042877
28151970	331	333	RI	T081	C0086715
28151970	338	357	anti-dsDNA antibody	T116,T129	C2746079
28151970	365	387	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942
28151970	448	464	guideline C28-A3	T170	C0162791
28151970	619	626	healthy	T080	C3898900
28151970	627	638	individuals	T098	C0237401
28151970	661	680	posteriori sampling	T078	C0870078
28151970	688	699	individuals	T098	C0237401
28151970	725	734	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28151970	753	768	Han populations	UnknownType	C0814942
28151970	772	777	north	T083	C0008115
28151970	779	784	south	T083	C0008115
28151970	786	790	east	T083	C0008115
28151970	796	806	west China	T083	C0008115
28151970	808	813	Serum	T031	C0229671
28151970	814	833	anti-dsDNA antibody	T116,T129	C2746079
28151970	834	840	levels	T080	C0441889
28151970	871	889	analytical systems	T074	C0025080
28151970	890	895	AESKU	T074	C0025080
28151970	897	907	EUROIMMUNE	T074	C0025080
28151970	913	918	INOVA	T074	C0025080
28151970	953	960	systems	T074	C0025080
28151970	964	969	China	T083	C0008115
28151970	971	982	Individuals	T098	C0237401
28151970	1002	1008	gender	T032	C0079399
28151970	1010	1013	age	T032	C0001779
28151970	1019	1025	region	T083	C0017446
28151970	1035	1038	RIs	T081	C0086715
28151970	1056	1077	nonparametric methods	T170	C1709254
28151970	1079	1085	Gender	T032	C0079399
28151970	1096	1099	RIs	T081	C0086715
28151970	1104	1109	serum	T031	C0229671
28151970	1110	1129	anti-dsDNA antibody	T116,T129	C2746079
28151970	1137	1159	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942
28151970	1215	1217	RI	T081	C0086715
28151970	1222	1241	anti-dsDNA antibody	T116,T129	C2746079
28151970	1249	1271	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942
28151970	1293	1299	gender	T032	C0079399
28151970	1310	1313	RIs	T081	C0086715
28151970	1323	1335	assay method	T059	C1510438
28151970	1353	1358	China	T083	C0008115

28152029|t|Clonal and serotype dynamics of serogroup 6 isolates causing invasive pneumococcal disease in Portugal: 1999-2012
28152029|a|Although serogroup 6 was among the first to be recognized among Streptococcus pneumoniae, several new serotypes were identified since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). A decrease of the 6B-2 variant among invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but not 6B-1, was noted post conjugate vaccine introduction, underpinned by a decrease of CC273 isolates. Serotype 6C was associated with adult IPD and increased in this age group representing two lineages (CC315 and CC395), while the same lineages expressed other serogroup 6 serotypes in children. Taken together, these findings suggest a potential cross-protection of PCVs against serotype 6C IPD among vaccinated children but not among adults. Serotype 6A became the most important serogroup 6 serotype in children but it decreased in adult IPD. No other serogroup 6 serotypes were detected, so available phenotypic or simple genotypic assays remain adequate for distinguishing serotypes within serogroup 6 isolates.
28152029	0	6	Clonal	T024	C1522642
28152029	11	19	serotype	T170	C0449943
28152029	20	28	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28152029	32	43	serogroup 6	T007	C1532752
28152029	44	52	isolates	T123	C1764827
28152029	61	90	invasive pneumococcal disease	T047	C1320214
28152029	94	102	Portugal	T083	C0032729
28152029	123	134	serogroup 6	T007	C1532752
28152029	178	202	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
28152029	216	225	serotypes	T170	C0449943
28152029	231	241	identified	T080	C0205396
28152029	252	264	introduction	T169	C0579004
28152029	268	299	pneumococcal conjugate vaccines	T121,T129	C0206515
28152029	301	305	PCVs	T121,T129	C0206515
28152029	310	318	decrease	T081	C0547047
28152029	326	338	6B-2 variant	T080	C0205419
28152029	345	374	invasive pneumococcal disease	T047	C1320214
28152029	376	379	IPD	T047	C1320214
28152029	390	394	6B-1	T080	C0205419
28152029	406	410	post	T079	C0687676
28152029	411	428	conjugate vaccine	T121,T129	C0206515
28152029	429	441	introduction	T169	C0579004
28152029	460	468	decrease	T081	C0547047
28152029	472	486	CC273 isolates	T123	C1764827
28152029	488	499	Serotype 6C	T007	C3697188
28152029	504	519	associated with	T080	C0332281
28152029	520	525	adult	T100	C0001675
28152029	526	529	IPD	T047	C1320214
28152029	534	543	increased	T081	C0205217
28152029	552	561	age group	T100	C0027362
28152029	579	587	lineages	T078	C0282637
28152029	589	594	CC315	T078	C0282637
28152029	599	604	CC395	T078	C0282637
28152029	622	630	lineages	T078	C0282637
28152029	631	640	expressed	T045	C1171362
28152029	647	658	serogroup 6	T007	C1532752
28152029	659	668	serotypes	T170	C0449943
28152029	672	680	children	T100	C0008059
28152029	704	712	findings	T169	C2607943
28152029	733	749	cross-protection	T044	C2717886
28152029	753	757	PCVs	T121,T129	C0206515
28152029	766	777	serotype 6C	T007	C3697188
28152029	778	781	IPD	T047	C1320214
28152029	788	798	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
28152029	799	807	children	T100	C0008059
28152029	822	828	adults	T100	C0001675
28152029	830	841	Serotype 6A	T007	C2732283
28152029	868	879	serogroup 6	T007	C1532752
28152029	880	888	serotype	T170	C0449943
28152029	892	900	children	T100	C0008059
28152029	908	917	decreased	T081	C0205216
28152029	921	926	adult	T100	C0001675
28152029	927	930	IPD	T047	C1320214
28152029	941	952	serogroup 6	T007	C1532752
28152029	953	962	serotypes	T170	C0449943
28152029	968	976	detected	T033	C0442726
28152029	991	1001	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28152029	1012	1021	genotypic	T032	C0017431
28152029	1022	1028	assays	T059	C1510438
28152029	1036	1044	adequate	T080	C0205411
28152029	1064	1073	serotypes	T170	C0449943
28152029	1081	1092	serogroup 6	T007	C1532752
28152029	1093	1101	isolates	T123	C1764827

28152097|t|Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy improves stone-free rates for impacted proximal ureteral stones: A systematic review and meta-analysis
28152097|a|Urinary stones are common medical disorders and the treatment of impacted proximal ureteral stones (IPUS) is still a challenge for urologists. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MI - PCNL) and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) in the treatment of IPUS via a meta-analysis. We collected studies using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from 1978 to November 2016 and analyzed them using Stata 12.0 and RevMan 5.3. Odds ratios (OR s) and standard mean difference (SMD) were calculated for binary and continuous variables respectively, accompanied with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). All study procedures followed the PRISMA guidelines. Five prospective studies were included in our meta-analysis, with 242 MI - PCNL and 256 URL cases. MI - PCNL was associated with a longer postoperative hospital stay than URL (SMD, 3.14; 95% CI, 1.27 to 5.55). However, no significant difference was observed in operative time (SMD, -0.38; 95% CI, -3.15 to 2.38). In addition, MI - PCNL had higher initial (OR, 11.12; 95% CI, 5.56 to 22.24) and overall stone-free rates (OR, 8.70; 95% CI, 3.23 to 23.45) than URL, along with lower possibilities of surgical conversion (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.49) and postoperative shock wave lithotripsy (OR, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.18). Regarding complications, no significant differences were observed between MI - PCNL and URL (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.93 to 2.10), except for hematuria (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.45 to 15.94). MI - PCNL is optimal and should be considered as the preferred treatment method for IPUS, as it has better efficacy and a safety profile similar to that of URL. However, further high quality studies with larger sample size are required in future.
28152097	0	18	Minimally invasive	T169	C2711297
28152097	19	47	percutaneous nephrolithotomy	T061	C0162428
28152097	78	86	impacted	T169	C0333125
28152097	87	95	proximal	T082	C0205107
28152097	96	111	ureteral stones	T047	C0041952
28152097	115	132	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28152097	137	150	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28152097	151	165	Urinary stones	T047	C0451641
28152097	177	184	medical	T169	C0205476
28152097	185	194	disorders	T047	C0012634
28152097	203	212	treatment	T169	C1522326
28152097	216	249	impacted proximal ureteral stones	T047	C0041952
28152097	225	233	proximal	T082	C0205107
28152097	251	255	IPUS	T047	C0041952
28152097	282	292	urologists	T097	C0260314
28152097	298	301	aim	T078	C1947946
28152097	310	315	study	T062	C2603343
28152097	323	343	compare the efficacy	T062	C1707887
28152097	348	354	safety	T062	C1705187
28152097	358	376	minimally invasive	T169	C2711297
28152097	377	405	percutaneous nephrolithotomy	T061	C0162428
28152097	407	409	MI	T169	C2711297
28152097	412	416	PCNL	T061	C0162428
28152097	422	447	ureteroscopic lithotripsy	T061	C0558630
28152097	449	452	URL	T061	C0558630
28152097	461	470	treatment	T169	C1522326
28152097	474	478	IPUS	T047	C0041952
28152097	485	498	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28152097	513	520	studies	T062	C0008972
28152097	527	533	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28152097	535	541	Embase	T170	C0242356
28152097	547	563	Cochrane Library	T170	C0242356
28152097	569	590	1978 to November 2016	T079	C0585341
28152097	595	603	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28152097	615	625	Stata 12.0	T170	C0037589
28152097	630	640	RevMan 5.3	T170	C0037589
28152097	642	653	Odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28152097	655	657	OR	T081	C0028873
28152097	665	689	standard mean difference	T081	C0444504
28152097	691	694	SMD	T081	C0444504
28152097	716	722	binary	T080	C1706942
28152097	727	747	continuous variables	T081	C3242610
28152097	783	803	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28152097	805	808	CIs	T081	C0009667
28152097	815	820	study	T062	C2603343
28152097	845	862	PRISMA guidelines	T170	C0282458
28152097	869	888	prospective studies	T062	C0033522
28152097	894	902	included	T169	C0332257
28152097	910	923	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28152097	934	936	MI	T169	C2711297
28152097	939	943	PCNL	T061	C0162428
28152097	952	955	URL	T061	C0558630
28152097	963	965	MI	T169	C2711297
28152097	968	972	PCNL	T061	C0162428
28152097	977	992	associated with	T080	C0332281
28152097	995	1015	longer postoperative	T079	C0032790
28152097	1016	1029	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28152097	1035	1038	URL	T061	C0558630
28152097	1040	1043	SMD	T081	C0444504
28152097	1055	1057	CI	T081	C0009667
28152097	1098	1108	difference	T080	C1705242
28152097	1113	1121	observed	T169	C1441672
28152097	1125	1139	operative time	T079	C3494201
28152097	1141	1144	SMD	T081	C0444504
28152097	1157	1159	CI	T081	C0009667
28152097	1190	1192	MI	T169	C2711297
28152097	1195	1199	PCNL	T061	C0162428
28152097	1220	1222	OR	T081	C0028873
28152097	1235	1237	CI	T081	C0009667
28152097	1284	1286	OR	T081	C0028873
28152097	1298	1300	CI	T081	C0009667
28152097	1322	1325	URL	T061	C0558630
28152097	1361	1380	surgical conversion	T061	C3494226
28152097	1382	1384	OR	T081	C0028873
28152097	1396	1398	CI	T081	C0009667
28152097	1418	1431	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28152097	1432	1454	shock wave lithotripsy	T061	C0015359
28152097	1456	1458	OR	T081	C0028873
28152097	1470	1472	CI	T081	C0009667
28152097	1499	1512	complications	T046	C0009566
28152097	1529	1540	differences	T080	C1705242
28152097	1546	1554	observed	T169	C1441672
28152097	1555	1562	between	T082	C0205103
28152097	1563	1565	MI	T169	C2711297
28152097	1568	1572	PCNL	T061	C0162428
28152097	1577	1580	URL	T061	C0558630
28152097	1582	1584	OR	T081	C0028873
28152097	1596	1598	CI	T081	C0009667
28152097	1626	1635	hematuria	T047	C0018965
28152097	1637	1639	OR	T081	C0028873
28152097	1651	1653	CI	T081	C0009667
28152097	1671	1673	MI	T169	C2711297
28152097	1676	1680	PCNL	T061	C0162428
28152097	1684	1691	optimal	T080	C2698651
28152097	1706	1716	considered	T078	C0750591
28152097	1724	1733	preferred	T078	C0558295
28152097	1734	1750	treatment method	T061	C0087111
28152097	1755	1759	IPUS	T047	C0041952
28152097	1771	1786	better efficacy	T080	C1280519
28152097	1793	1799	safety	T062	C1705187
28152097	1827	1830	URL	T061	C0558630
28152097	1898	1906	required	T169	C1514873
28152097	1910	1916	future	T079	C0016884

28152285|t|Correction
28152285|a|In an interview with Fresenius Medical Care chief medical officer Frank Maddux, MD in the July issue of NN&l ("CMO looks at ways to put meaning behind 'quality care'"), we asked Dr. Maddux if he believed that patients wanted more engagement at home via telehealth with their caregivers. His response should have read, 'For many of our patients, it's not about diagnosing the disease. It is about preventing the known crises events from occurring ." The original printed response had read, "...it is about preventing the non-crisis events from occurring ."
28152285	0	10	Correction	T170	C1705565
28152285	17	26	interview	T052	C0021822
28152285	32	54	Fresenius Medical Care	T093	C3824689
28152285	55	60	chief	T097	C1709473
28152285	61	76	medical officer	T097	C0557516
28152285	77	89	Frank Maddux	T170	C0282574
28152285	91	178	MD in the July issue of NN&l ("CMO looks at ways to put meaning behind 'quality care'")	T170	C0282574
28152285	189	199	Dr. Maddux	T170	C0282574
28152285	206	214	believed	T080	C1272684
28152285	220	228	patients	T101	C0030705
28152285	241	251	engagement	T079	C0003629
28152285	255	259	home	T082	C0442519
28152285	264	274	telehealth	T058	C1328956
28152285	286	296	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28152285	302	310	response	T170	C1706817
28152285	323	327	read	T056	C0034754
28152285	346	354	patients	T101	C0030705
28152285	371	381	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
28152285	386	393	disease	T047	C0012634
28152285	407	417	preventing	T169	C1292733
28152285	422	427	known	T080	C0205309
28152285	428	434	crises	T033	C0231224
28152285	435	441	events	T051	C0441471
28152285	447	456	occurring	T052	C1709305
28152285	464	472	original	T078	C0205313
28152285	481	489	response	T170	C1706817
28152285	494	498	read	T056	C0034754
28152285	516	526	preventing	T169	C1292733
28152285	531	548	non-crisis events	T051	C0441471
28152285	554	563	occurring	T052	C1709305

28153157|t|Does orthodontic debonding lead to tooth sensitivity? Comparison of teeth with and without visible enamel microcracks
28153157|a|Our aim was to assess the possible changes in sensitivity of teeth with and without visible enamel microcracks (EMCs) up to 1 week after the removal of metal brackets. After debonding, 15 patients possessing teeth with visible EMCs and 15 subjects whose teeth were free of EMCs were enrolled in the study. For each experimental group, a control group was formed. The assessments of tooth sensitivity elicited by compressed air and cold testing were performed 5 times: just before debonding, immediately after debonding, and at 1, 3, and 7 days after debonding. Tooth sensitivity was recorded on a 100-mm visual analog scale. For the patients without visible EMCs, discomfort peaked immediately after debonding and started to decrease on day 1; at 1 week after debonding, the visual analog scale scores were lower than just before debonding and immediately after debonding. For the subjects possessing teeth with visible EMCs, the pattern of sensitivity dynamic was inherently the same. However, the patients with visible EMCs showed higher visual analog scale values at each time interval. Debonding leads to a short-term increase in tooth sensitivity. EMCs, a form of enamel damage, do not predispose to greater sensitivity perception in relation to bracket removal.
28153157	5	26	orthodontic debonding	T061	C1960501
28153157	35	52	tooth sensitivity	T047	C0011432
28153157	54	64	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28153157	68	73	teeth	T023	C0040426
28153157	83	90	without	T080	C0332288
28153157	91	98	visible	T080	C0205379
28153157	99	105	enamel	T031	C0011350
28153157	106	117	microcracks	T037	C0436030
28153157	122	125	aim	T078	C1947946
28153157	133	139	assess	T058	C0184514
28153157	153	160	changes	T169	C0392747
28153157	164	184	sensitivity of teeth	T047	C0011432
28153157	194	201	without	T080	C0332288
28153157	202	209	visible	T080	C0205379
28153157	210	228	enamel microcracks	T037	C0436030
28153157	229	235	(EMCs)	T037	C0436030
28153157	259	266	removal	T052	C1883720
28153157	270	284	metal brackets	T074	C0025080
28153157	286	291	After	T079	C0687676
28153157	292	301	debonding	T061	C0085514
28153157	306	314	patients	T101	C0030705
28153157	315	325	possessing	T078	C3154893
28153157	326	331	teeth	T023	C0040426
28153157	337	344	visible	T080	C0205379
28153157	345	349	EMCs	T037	C0436030
28153157	357	365	subjects	T098	C2349001
28153157	372	377	teeth	T023	C0040426
28153157	383	390	free of	T169	C0332296
28153157	391	395	EMCs	T037	C0436030
28153157	401	409	enrolled	T058	C1514821
28153157	417	422	study	T062	C2603343
28153157	433	451	experimental group	T098	C2349001
28153157	455	468	control group	T096	C0009932
28153157	473	479	formed	T169	C0205431
28153157	485	496	assessments	T058	C1261322
28153157	500	517	tooth sensitivity	T047	C0011432
28153157	518	529	elicited by	T080	C0449265
28153157	530	544	compressed air	T167	C0337081
28153157	549	553	cold	T070	C0009264
28153157	554	561	testing	T169	C0039593
28153157	567	576	performed	T169	C0884358
28153157	591	597	before	T079	C0332152
28153157	598	607	debonding	T061	C0085514
28153157	609	620	immediately	T079	C0205253
28153157	621	626	after	T079	C0687676
28153157	627	636	debonding	T061	C0085514
28153157	662	667	after	T079	C0687676
28153157	668	677	debonding	T061	C0085514
28153157	679	696	Tooth sensitivity	T047	C0011432
28153157	722	741	visual analog scale	T060	C3536884
28153157	751	759	patients	T101	C0030705
28153157	760	767	without	T080	C0332288
28153157	768	775	visible	T080	C0205379
28153157	776	780	EMCs	T037	C0436030
28153157	782	792	discomfort	T184	C0030193
28153157	793	799	peaked	T080	C0444505
28153157	800	811	immediately	T079	C0205253
28153157	812	817	after	T079	C0687676
28153157	818	827	debonding	T061	C0085514
28153157	832	839	started	T080	C1272689
28153157	843	851	decrease	T081	C0547047
28153157	872	877	after	T079	C0687676
28153157	878	887	debonding	T061	C0085514
28153157	893	912	visual analog scale	T060	C3536884
28153157	913	919	scores	T081	C0449820
28153157	925	930	lower	T052	C2003888
28153157	941	947	before	T079	C0332152
28153157	948	957	debonding	T061	C0085514
28153157	962	973	immediately	T079	C0205253
28153157	974	979	after	T079	C0687676
28153157	980	989	debonding	T061	C0085514
28153157	999	1007	subjects	T098	C2349001
28153157	1008	1018	possessing	T078	C3154893
28153157	1019	1024	teeth	T023	C0040426
28153157	1030	1037	visible	T080	C0205379
28153157	1038	1042	EMCs	T037	C0436030
28153157	1048	1055	pattern	T082	C0449774
28153157	1059	1070	sensitivity	T047	C0011432
28153157	1071	1078	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28153157	1098	1102	same	T080	C0445247
28153157	1117	1125	patients	T101	C0030705
28153157	1131	1138	visible	T080	C0205379
28153157	1139	1143	EMCs	T037	C0436030
28153157	1144	1150	showed	T169	C0870432
28153157	1151	1157	higher	T080	C0205250
28153157	1158	1177	visual analog scale	T060	C3536884
28153157	1178	1184	values	T081	C1522609
28153157	1193	1206	time interval	T079	C0872291
28153157	1208	1217	Debonding	T061	C0085514
28153157	1229	1239	short-term	T079	C0443303
28153157	1240	1248	increase	T169	C0442805
28153157	1252	1269	tooth sensitivity	T047	C0011432
28153157	1271	1275	EMCs	T037	C0436030
28153157	1287	1300	enamel damage	T037	C3665929
28153157	1309	1319	predispose	T032	C0220898
28153157	1323	1330	greater	T081	C1704243
28153157	1331	1342	sensitivity	T047	C0011432
28153157	1343	1353	perception	T041	C0030971
28153157	1357	1365	relation	T080	C0439849
28153157	1369	1376	bracket	T074	C0025080
28153157	1377	1384	removal	T052	C1883720

28153230|t|Spectrum-based and color-selective electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for determining human prostate specific antigen in near-infrared region
28153230|a|The conventional electrochemiluminescence (ECL) analyses were performed via detecting the time (or potential) dependent ECL intensity with the proceeding of ECL reaction. Herein, by spectrally recording all the photons generated in ECL process, a spectral ECL immunoassay was developed in near-infrared (NIR) region with human prostate specific antigen (PSA) as target and dual-stabilizers-capped CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) as tags. The CdTe NCs displayed efficient ECL around 780nm with the full width at half-maximum around 70nm in the immune-complexes, the maximum intensity on ECL spectrum profiles increased linearly with the logarithmic increased concentration of PSA from 20.0fg/mL to 100.0pg/mL, indicating a sensitive and color-selective ECL immunoassay in NIR region with improved anti-interference performance to biological autofluorescence and tissue absorption. The spectral ECL immunoassay in NIR region might provide an important technique support for developing color-selective ECL assay of different wavebands.
28153230	0	71	Spectrum-based and color-selective electrochemiluminescence immunoassay	T059	C3830325
28153230	88	93	human	T016	C0086418
28153230	94	119	prostate specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28153230	123	143	near-infrared region	T082	C0205147
28153230	148	160	conventional	T080	C0439858
28153230	161	185	electrochemiluminescence	T059	C3830326
28153230	187	190	ECL	T059	C3830326
28153230	192	200	analyses	T062	C0936012
28153230	234	238	time	T079	C0040223
28153230	243	252	potential	T080	C3245505
28153230	254	263	dependent	T080	C0851827
28153230	264	267	ECL	T059	C3830326
28153230	268	277	intensity	T080	C0522510
28153230	301	304	ECL	T059	C3830326
28153230	305	313	reaction	T169	C0443286
28153230	355	362	photons	T167	C0086805
28153230	376	379	ECL	T059	C3830326
28153230	380	387	process	T067	C1522240
28153230	391	415	spectral ECL immunoassay	T059	C3830325
28153230	433	459	near-infrared (NIR) region	T082	C0205147
28153230	465	470	human	T016	C0086418
28153230	471	496	prostate specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28153230	498	501	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28153230	506	512	target	T169	C1521840
28153230	517	545	dual-stabilizers-capped CdTe	T130,T131,T197	C0054418
28153230	546	558	nanocrystals	T073	C1721058
28153230	560	563	NCs	T073	C1721058
28153230	568	572	tags	T074	C1139855
28153230	578	582	CdTe	T130,T131,T197	C0054418
28153230	583	586	NCs	T073	C1721058
28153230	607	610	ECL	T059	C3830326
28153230	633	659	full width at half-maximum	T081	C2986756
28153230	679	695	immune-complexes	T116,T129	C0003313
28153230	701	708	maximum	T081	C0806909
28153230	709	718	intensity	T080	C0522510
28153230	722	725	ECL	T059	C3830326
28153230	726	734	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28153230	735	743	profiles	T059	C1979963
28153230	744	753	increased	T081	C0205217
28153230	772	807	logarithmic increased concentration	T081	C2359145
28153230	811	814	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28153230	872	903	color-selective ECL immunoassay	T059	C3830325
28153230	907	917	NIR region	T082	C0205147
28153230	932	961	anti-interference performance	T052	C1882330
28153230	965	975	biological	T080	C0205460
28153230	976	992	autofluorescence	T059	C0544711
28153230	997	1003	tissue	T024	C0040300
28153230	1004	1014	absorption	T067	C2347023
28153230	1020	1044	spectral ECL immunoassay	T059	C3830325
28153230	1048	1058	NIR region	T082	C0205147
28153230	1119	1144	color-selective ECL assay	T059	C3830325
28153230	1158	1167	wavebands	T081	C0449819

28153522|t|CDK5 inhibitors prevent astroglial apoptosis and reactive astrogliosis by regulating PKA and DRP1 phosphorylations in the rat hippocampus
28153522|a|Status epilepticus (SE) results in the unique pattern of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-mediated mitochondrial dynamics, which is associated with astroglial apoptosis and reactive astrogliosis in the regional - specific pattern representing the differential astroglial properties. However, less defined are the epiphenomena / upstream effecters for DRP1 phosphorylation in this process. Since cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is involved in reactive astrogliosis, CDK5 is one of the possible upstream regulators for DRP1 phosphorylation. In the present study, both olomoucine and roscovitine (CDK5 inhibitors) effectively ameliorated SE - induced astroglial apoptosis in the dentate gyrus without changed seizure susceptibility. In addition, they inhibited reactive astrogliosis in the CA1 region independent of neuronal death induced by SE. These effects of CDK5 inhibitors were relevant to abrogation of altered DRP1 phosphorylation ratio and mitochondrial length induced by SE. CDK5 inhibitors also negatively regulated protein kinase A (PKA) activity in astrocytes. Therefore, our findings suggest that CDK5 inhibitors may mitigate astroglial apoptosis and reactive astrogliosis accompanied by modulations of DRP1 -mediated mitochondrial dynamics.
28153522	0	4	CDK5	T116,T126	C1565308
28153522	5	15	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28153522	16	23	prevent	T169	C1292733
28153522	24	34	astroglial	T025	C0004112
28153522	35	44	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28153522	49	57	reactive	T080	C0205332
28153522	58	70	astrogliosis	T046	C3887640
28153522	74	84	regulating	T044	C1148560
28153522	85	88	PKA	T116,T126	C0010531
28153522	93	97	DRP1	T116,T126	C1957127
28153522	98	114	phosphorylations	T044	C0031715
28153522	122	125	rat	T015	C0034721
28153522	126	137	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28153522	138	156	Status epilepticus	T047	C0038220
28153522	158	160	SE	T047	C0038220
28153522	162	169	results	T169	C1274040
28153522	177	183	unique	T080	C1710548
28153522	184	191	pattern	T082	C0449774
28153522	195	220	dynamin-related protein 1	T116,T126	C1957127
28153522	222	226	DRP1	T116,T126	C1957127
28153522	237	259	mitochondrial dynamics	T043	C3494415
28153522	270	285	associated with	T080	C0332281
28153522	286	296	astroglial	T025	C0004112
28153522	297	306	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28153522	311	332	reactive astrogliosis	T046	C3887640
28153522	340	348	regional	T082	C0205147
28153522	351	359	specific	T080	C0205369
28153522	360	367	pattern	T082	C0449774
28153522	385	397	differential	T080	C1705242
28153522	398	408	astroglial	T025	C0004112
28153522	409	419	properties	T080	C0871161
28153522	451	463	epiphenomena	UnknownType	C0878643
28153522	466	484	upstream effecters	T123	C0574031
28153522	489	493	DRP1	T116,T126	C1957127
28153522	494	509	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28153522	518	525	process	T067	C1522240
28153522	533	558	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	T116,T126	C1565308
28153522	560	564	CDK5	T116,T126	C1565308
28153522	569	577	involved	T169	C1314939
28153522	581	602	reactive astrogliosis	T046	C3887640
28153522	604	608	CDK5	T116,T126	C1565308
28153522	623	631	possible	T080	C1705910
28153522	632	651	upstream regulators	T123	C0574031
28153522	656	660	DRP1	T116,T126	C1957127
28153522	661	676	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28153522	693	698	study	T062	C2603343
28153522	705	715	olomoucine	T109,T121	C0289993
28153522	720	731	roscovitine	T109,T121	C0536217
28153522	733	737	CDK5	T116,T126	C1565308
28153522	738	748	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28153522	750	761	effectively	T080	C1280519
28153522	762	773	ameliorated	T169	C0332303
28153522	774	776	SE	T047	C0038220
28153522	779	786	induced	T169	C0205263
28153522	787	797	astroglial	T025	C0004112
28153522	798	807	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28153522	815	828	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
28153522	829	836	without	T080	C0332288
28153522	837	844	changed	T081	C0443172
28153522	845	852	seizure	T184	C0036572
28153522	853	867	susceptibility	T081	C1547045
28153522	887	896	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28153522	897	918	reactive astrogliosis	T046	C3887640
28153522	926	936	CA1 region	T029	C0694598
28153522	937	951	independent of	T169	C0332291
28153522	952	966	neuronal death	T043	C2754100
28153522	967	974	induced	T169	C0205263
28153522	978	980	SE	T047	C0038220
28153522	988	998	effects of	T080	C1704420
28153522	999	1003	CDK5	T116,T126	C1565308
28153522	1004	1014	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28153522	1020	1028	relevant	T080	C2347946
28153522	1054	1058	DRP1	T116,T126	C1957127
28153522	1059	1074	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28153522	1075	1080	ratio	T081	C0456603
28153522	1085	1098	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28153522	1099	1105	length	T081	C1444754
28153522	1106	1113	induced	T169	C0205263
28153522	1117	1119	SE	T047	C0038220
28153522	1121	1125	CDK5	T116,T126	C1565308
28153522	1126	1136	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28153522	1142	1152	negatively	T033	C1513916
28153522	1153	1179	regulated protein kinase A	T116,T126	C0010531
28153522	1181	1184	PKA	T116,T126	C0010531
28153522	1186	1194	activity	T044	C0243102
28153522	1198	1208	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28153522	1225	1233	findings	T033	C0243095
28153522	1234	1241	suggest	T078	C1705535
28153522	1247	1251	CDK5	T116,T126	C1565308
28153522	1252	1262	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28153522	1267	1275	mitigate	T067	C1553901
28153522	1276	1286	astroglial	T025	C0004112
28153522	1287	1296	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28153522	1301	1309	reactive	T080	C0205332
28153522	1310	1322	astrogliosis	T046	C3887640
28153522	1338	1349	modulations	UnknownType	C0678672
28153522	1353	1357	DRP1	T116,T126	C1957127
28153522	1368	1390	mitochondrial dynamics	T043	C3494415

28153991|t|Sex -Based Differences in Cardiometabolic Biomarkers
28153991|a|Few data are available comparing cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarker profiles between women and men in the general population. We analyzed sex -based differences in multiple biomarkers reflecting distinct pathophysiological pathways, accounting for differences between women and men in CVD risk factors, body composition, and cardiac morphology. A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Dallas Heart Study, a multiethnic population-based study. Associations between sex and 30 distinct biomarkers representative of 6 pathophysiological categories were evaluated using multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, race, traditional CVD risk factors, kidney function, insulin resistance, MRI and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measures of body composition and fat distribution, and left ventricular mass. After excluding participants with CVD, the study population included 3439 individuals, mean age 43 years, 56% women, and 52% black. Significant sex -based differences were seen in multiple categories of biomarkers, including lipids, adipokines, and biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, myocyte injury and stress, and kidney function. In fully adjusted models, women had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein particle concentration, leptin, d-dimer, homoarginine, and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, and lower levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, adiponectin, lipoprotein - associated phospholipase A2 mass and activity, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecule, symmetrical dimethylarginine, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, high-sensitivity troponin T, and cystatin C. Biomarker profiles differ significantly between women and men in the general population. Sex differences were most apparent for biomarkers of adiposity, endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cell recruitment, and cardiac stress and injury. Future studies are needed to characterize whether pathophysiological processes delineated by these biomarkers contribute to sex -based differences in the development and complications of CVD.
28153991	0	3	Sex	T032	C0079399
28153991	11	22	Differences	T080	C1705242
28153991	26	41	Cardiometabolic	T029	C3887460
28153991	42	52	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28153991	57	61	data	T078	C1511726
28153991	66	75	available	T169	C0470187
28153991	86	108	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28153991	110	113	CVD	T047	C0007222
28153991	115	124	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28153991	125	133	profiles	T169	C2003903
28153991	142	147	women	T098	C0043210
28153991	152	155	men	T098	C0025266
28153991	163	181	general population	T098	C0683971
28153991	186	194	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28153991	195	198	sex	T032	C0079399
28153991	206	217	differences	T080	C1705242
28153991	221	229	multiple	T081	C0439064
28153991	230	240	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28153991	261	279	pathophysiological	T169	C0031847
28153991	280	288	pathways	T077	C1705987
28153991	305	316	differences	T080	C1705242
28153991	325	330	women	T098	C0043210
28153991	335	338	men	T098	C0025266
28153991	342	345	CVD	T047	C0007222
28153991	346	358	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28153991	360	376	body composition	T032	C0005885
28153991	382	389	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28153991	390	400	morphology	T080	C0332437
28153991	404	428	cross-sectional analysis	T062	C0010362
28153991	433	442	performed	T169	C0884358
28153991	449	453	data	T078	C1511726
28153991	463	481	Dallas Heart Study	T062	C0681876
28153991	485	519	multiethnic population-based study	T062	C0681876
28153991	521	533	Associations	T080	C0439849
28153991	542	545	sex	T032	C0079399
28153991	562	572	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28153991	593	611	pathophysiological	T169	C0031847
28153991	612	622	categories	T170	C0683312
28153991	628	637	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28153991	644	657	multivariable	T081	C0439064
28153991	658	675	linear regression	T081	C0023733
28153991	676	685	adjusting	T169	C0456081
28153991	690	693	age	T032	C0001779
28153991	695	699	race	T098	C0034510
28153991	701	712	traditional	T169	C0443324
28153991	713	716	CVD	T047	C0007222
28153991	717	729	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28153991	731	746	kidney function	T042	C0232804
28153991	748	766	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
28153991	768	771	MRI	T060	C0024485
28153991	776	808	dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
28153991	809	817	measures	T081	C0079809
28153991	821	837	body composition	T032	C0005885
28153991	842	858	fat distribution	T033	C0424621
28153991	864	885	left ventricular mass	T033	C0455825
28153991	903	915	participants	T098	C0679646
28153991	921	924	CVD	T047	C0007222
28153991	930	946	study population	T098	C2348561
28153991	961	972	individuals	T098	C0027361
28153991	974	978	mean	T081	C0444504
28153991	979	982	age	T032	C0001779
28153991	986	991	years	T079	C0439234
28153991	997	1002	women	T098	C0043210
28153991	1012	1017	black	T098	C0005680
28153991	1019	1030	Significant	T078	C0750502
28153991	1031	1034	sex	T032	C0079399
28153991	1042	1053	differences	T080	C1705242
28153991	1067	1075	multiple	T081	C0439064
28153991	1076	1086	categories	T170	C0683312
28153991	1090	1100	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28153991	1112	1118	lipids	T109	C0023779
28153991	1120	1130	adipokines	T116,T123	C1955907
28153991	1136	1146	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28153991	1150	1162	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28153991	1164	1187	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
28153991	1189	1196	myocyte	T025	C0596981
28153991	1197	1203	injury	T049	C0599732
28153991	1208	1214	stress	T049	C1516360
28153991	1220	1235	kidney function	T042	C0232804
28153991	1246	1254	adjusted	T169	C0456081
28153991	1263	1268	women	T098	C0043210
28153991	1273	1279	higher	T080	C0205250
28153991	1280	1286	levels	T080	C0441889
28153991	1290	1326	high-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
28153991	1331	1364	high-density lipoprotein particle	T116,T123	C0023821
28153991	1365	1378	concentration	T081	C1446561
28153991	1380	1386	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28153991	1388	1395	d-dimer	T116,T123	C0060323
28153991	1397	1409	homoarginine	T116	C0019877
28153991	1415	1456	N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide	T116,T123	C0754710
28153991	1462	1467	lower	T080	C0205251
28153991	1468	1474	levels	T080	C0441889
28153991	1478	1513	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
28153991	1515	1526	adiponectin	T116,T123	C0389071
28153991	1528	1539	lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023820
28153991	1542	1552	associated	T080	C0332281
28153991	1553	1569	phospholipase A2	T116,T126	C0031667
28153991	1579	1587	activity	T044	C0243102
28153991	1589	1623	monocyte chemoattractant protein-1	T116,T129	C0128897
28153991	1625	1632	soluble	T080	C1948047
28153991	1633	1667	endothelial cell adhesion molecule	T116,T123	C3253526
28153991	1669	1680	symmetrical	T033	C0332516
28153991	1681	1697	dimethylarginine	T116	C1453836
28153991	1699	1711	asymmetrical	T082	C0332514
28153991	1712	1728	dimethylarginine	T116	C1453836
28153991	1730	1746	high-sensitivity	T059	C1441604
28153991	1747	1757	troponin T	T116,T123	C0077404
28153991	1763	1773	cystatin C	T116,T121	C0071744
28153991	1775	1784	Biomarker	T201	C0005516
28153991	1785	1793	profiles	T169	C2003903
28153991	1823	1828	women	T098	C0043210
28153991	1833	1836	men	T098	C0025266
28153991	1844	1862	general population	T098	C0683971
28153991	1864	1867	Sex	T032	C0079399
28153991	1868	1879	differences	T080	C1705242
28153991	1890	1898	apparent	T078	C0750489
28153991	1903	1913	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28153991	1917	1926	adiposity	T032	C1563743
28153991	1928	1951	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
28153991	1953	1982	inflammatory cell recruitment	T033	C0243095
28153991	1988	2002	cardiac stress	T033	C2317276
28153991	2007	2013	injury	T037	C0018805
28153991	2065	2083	pathophysiological	T169	C0031847
28153991	2084	2093	processes	T067	C1522240
28153991	2114	2124	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28153991	2139	2142	sex	T032	C0079399
28153991	2150	2161	differences	T080	C1705242
28153991	2169	2180	development	T169	C1527148
28153991	2185	2198	complications	T046	C0009566
28153991	2202	2205	CVD	T047	C0007222

28154341|t|Predictive Factors for Long-term Outcome of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease
28154341|a|Despite the recognition of the usefulness of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN - DBS) for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), preoperative predictive factors for the long-term outcome of STN - DBS are not sufficiently established. We performed this study to determine such predictive factors. The subjects were 66 patients who were classified into two groups on the basis of their activities of daily living (ADL) evaluated five years after the STN - DBS surgery: 33 patients were assigned to the independent ADL group (group I) and the remaining 33 patients to the dependent ADL group (group D). Group I patients showed a Schwab and England (S&E) scale score of more than 70 during the off-period, indicating that these patients can maintain their independent ADL all the time. Group D patients showed a score of 70 or lower during the off-period, indicating that these patients cannot maintain their independent ADL for an entire day. We studied the differences in the preoperative state between these two groups. Statistically significant differences were noted in PD onset age, age at surgery, preoperative unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) part I score, part II score, total subscore for axial symptoms in part III, mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score and S&E score. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the significant independent variables related to long-term independent ADL were the age at surgery, MMSE score and preoperative S&E scale score during the off-period. The PD onset age, age at surgery, preoperative high - level ADL, cognitive function, and axial symptoms are important predictive factors for the long-term outcome of STN - DBS.
28154341	0	18	Predictive Factors	T170	C0683956
28154341	23	32	Long-term	T079	C0443252
28154341	33	40	Outcome	T169	C1274040
28154341	44	63	Subthalamic Nucleus	T023	C0152355
28154341	64	86	Deep Brain Stimulation	T061	C0394162
28154341	91	110	Parkinson's Disease	T047	C0030567
28154341	142	152	usefulness	T080	C3827682
28154341	156	175	subthalamic nucleus	T023	C0152355
28154341	176	198	deep brain stimulation	T061	C0394162
28154341	200	203	STN	T023	C0152355
28154341	206	209	DBS	T061	C0394162
28154341	219	228	treatment	T169	C1522326
28154341	232	251	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28154341	253	255	PD	T047	C0030567
28154341	258	270	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28154341	271	289	predictive factors	T170	C0683956
28154341	298	307	long-term	T079	C0443252
28154341	308	315	outcome	T169	C1274040
28154341	319	322	STN	T023	C0152355
28154341	325	328	DBS	T061	C0394162
28154341	333	336	not	T169	C1518422
28154341	337	349	sufficiently	T080	C0205410
28154341	350	361	established	T080	C0443211
28154341	381	386	study	T062	C2603343
28154341	405	423	predictive factors	T170	C0683956
28154341	429	437	subjects	T096	C0681850
28154341	446	454	patients	T101	C0030705
28154341	464	474	classified	T185	C0008902
28154341	480	483	two	T081	C0205448
28154341	484	490	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28154341	498	503	basis	T169	C1527178
28154341	513	539	activities of daily living	T056	C0001288
28154341	541	544	ADL	T056	C0001288
28154341	556	566	five years	T079	C0439234
28154341	567	572	after	T079	C0687676
28154341	577	580	STN	T023	C0152355
28154341	583	586	DBS	T061	C0394162
28154341	587	594	surgery	T061	C0543467
28154341	599	607	patients	T101	C0030705
28154341	613	621	assigned	T169	C1516050
28154341	629	640	independent	T169	C0332291
28154341	641	644	ADL	T056	C0001288
28154341	645	650	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28154341	652	659	group I	UnknownType	C0681860
28154341	682	690	patients	T101	C0030705
28154341	698	707	dependent	T169	C3244310
28154341	708	711	ADL	T056	C0001288
28154341	712	717	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28154341	719	726	group D	UnknownType	C0681860
28154341	729	736	Group I	UnknownType	C0681860
28154341	737	745	patients	T101	C0030705
28154341	755	785	Schwab and England (S&E) scale	T170	C4034311
28154341	775	778	S&E	T170	C4034311
28154341	786	791	score	T081	C0449820
28154341	808	814	during	T079	C0347984
28154341	819	829	off-period	T079	C1948053
28154341	853	861	patients	T101	C0030705
28154341	881	892	independent	T169	C0332291
28154341	893	896	ADL	T056	C0001288
28154341	897	909	all the time	T079	C2003902
28154341	911	918	Group D	UnknownType	C0681860
28154341	919	927	patients	T101	C0030705
28154341	937	942	score	T081	C0449820
28154341	952	957	lower	T080	C0205251
28154341	958	964	during	T079	C0347984
28154341	969	979	off-period	T079	C1948053
28154341	1003	1011	patients	T101	C0030705
28154341	1034	1045	independent	T169	C0332291
28154341	1046	1049	ADL	T056	C0001288
28154341	1057	1063	entire	T081	C0439751
28154341	1064	1067	day	T079	C0439228
28154341	1072	1079	studied	T062	C2603343
28154341	1084	1095	differences	T080	C1705242
28154341	1103	1121	preoperative state	T033	C0178808
28154341	1136	1139	two	T081	C0205448
28154341	1140	1146	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28154341	1148	1173	Statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28154341	1174	1185	differences	T080	C1705242
28154341	1200	1202	PD	T047	C0030567
28154341	1203	1212	onset age	T081	C0206132
28154341	1214	1217	age	T032	C0001779
28154341	1221	1228	surgery	T061	C0543467
28154341	1230	1242	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28154341	1243	1283	unified Parkinson's disease rating scale	T170	C4034309
28154341	1285	1290	UPDRS	T170	C4034309
28154341	1292	1298	part I	T082	C0449719
28154341	1299	1304	score	T081	C0449820
28154341	1306	1313	part II	T082	C0449719
28154341	1314	1319	score	T081	C0449820
28154341	1321	1326	total	T080	C0439810
28154341	1327	1335	subscore	T081	C0449820
28154341	1340	1354	axial symptoms	T033	C4314351
28154341	1358	1366	part III	T082	C0449719
28154341	1368	1410	mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score	T033	C2960235
28154341	1415	1418	S&E	T170	C4034311
28154341	1419	1424	score	T081	C0449820
28154341	1435	1463	logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28154341	1480	1491	significant	T078	C0750502
28154341	1492	1503	independent	T169	C0332291
28154341	1504	1513	variables	T080	C0439828
28154341	1525	1534	long-term	T079	C0443252
28154341	1535	1546	independent	T169	C0332291
28154341	1547	1550	ADL	T056	C0001288
28154341	1560	1563	age	T032	C0001779
28154341	1567	1574	surgery	T061	C0543467
28154341	1576	1586	MMSE score	T033	C2960235
28154341	1591	1603	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28154341	1604	1613	S&E scale	T170	C4034311
28154341	1614	1619	score	T081	C0449820
28154341	1620	1626	during	T079	C0347984
28154341	1631	1641	off-period	T079	C1948053
28154341	1647	1649	PD	T047	C0030567
28154341	1650	1659	onset age	T081	C0206132
28154341	1661	1664	age	T032	C0001779
28154341	1668	1675	surgery	T061	C0543467
28154341	1677	1689	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28154341	1690	1694	high	T080	C0205250
28154341	1697	1702	level	T080	C0441889
28154341	1703	1706	ADL	T056	C0001288
28154341	1708	1726	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
28154341	1732	1746	axial symptoms	T033	C4314351
28154341	1751	1760	important	T080	C3898777
28154341	1761	1779	predictive factors	T170	C0683956
28154341	1788	1797	long-term	T079	C0443252
28154341	1798	1805	outcome	T169	C1274040
28154341	1809	1812	STN	T023	C0152355
28154341	1815	1818	DBS	T061	C0394162

28155918|t|Surface mediated cooperative interactions of drugs enhance mechanical forces for antibiotic action
28155918|a|The alarming increase of pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics is now recognized as a major health issue fuelling demand for new drugs. Bacterial resistance is often caused by molecular changes at the bacterial surface, which alter the nature of specific drug-target interactions. Here, we identify a novel mechanism by which drug-target interactions in resistant bacteria can be enhanced. We examined the surface forces generated by four antibiotics; vancomycin, ristomycin, chloroeremomycin and oritavancin against drug-susceptible and drug-resistant targets on a cantilever and demonstrated significant differences in mechanical response when drug-resistant targets are challenged with different antibiotics although no significant differences were observed when using susceptible targets. Remarkably, the binding affinity for oritavancin against drug-resistant targets (70 nM) was found to be 11,000 times stronger than for vancomycin (800 μM), a powerful antibiotic used as the last resort treatment for streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Using an exactly solvable model, which takes into account the solvent and membrane effects, we demonstrate that drug-target interactions are strengthened by pronounced polyvalent interactions catalyzed by the surface itself. These findings further enhance our understanding of antibiotic mode of action and will enable development of more effective therapies.
28155918	0	7	Surface	T082	C0205148
28155918	29	50	interactions of drugs	T044	C0687133
28155918	51	58	enhance	T052	C2349975
28155918	59	76	mechanical forces	T067	C0563538
28155918	81	91	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28155918	92	98	action	T052	C3266814
28155918	103	120	alarming increase	T169	C0442805
28155918	124	143	pathogenic bacteria	T001	C0450254
28155918	153	186	resistant to multiple antibiotics	T046	C0860044
28155918	210	228	major health issue	T033	C4060919
28155918	238	244	demand	T061	C0441516
28155918	253	258	drugs	T121	C1254351
28155918	260	280	Bacterial resistance	T046	C0151521
28155918	300	317	molecular changes	T033	C0262496
28155918	325	342	bacterial surface	T034	C0201029
28155918	379	403	drug-target interactions	T044	C0687133
28155918	431	440	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28155918	450	474	drug-target interactions	T044	C0687133
28155918	478	496	resistant bacteria	T007	C1444090
28155918	504	512	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28155918	530	537	surface	T082	C0205148
28155918	530	537	surface	T082	C0205148
28155918	538	544	forces	T067	C0441722
28155918	563	574	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28155918	576	586	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28155918	588	598	ristomycin	T116,T195	C0917879
28155918	600	616	chloroeremomycin	T116,T121	C0674648
28155918	621	632	oritavancin	T116,T121	C1144403
28155918	641	657	drug-susceptible	T169	C0231204
28155918	662	684	drug-resistant targets	T007	C4076168
28155918	718	729	significant	T078	C0750502
28155918	745	755	mechanical	T169	C0443254
28155918	756	764	response	T032	C0871261
28155918	770	792	drug-resistant targets	T007	C4076168
28155918	823	834	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28155918	876	884	observed	T169	C1441672
28155918	896	915	susceptible targets	T169	C0231204
28155918	933	949	binding affinity	T039	C0678749
28155918	954	965	oritavancin	T116,T121	C1144403
28155918	974	996	drug-resistant targets	T007	C4076168
28155918	1052	1062	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28155918	1084	1094	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28155918	1112	1128	resort treatment	T061	C0087111
28155918	1133	1146	streptococcal	T007	C0038402
28155918	1151	1174	staphylococcal bacteria	T007	C0038170
28155918	1185	1228	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C1265292
28155918	1230	1234	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28155918	1246	1268	exactly solvable model	T170	C0282574
28155918	1299	1306	solvent	T130	C0037638
28155918	1311	1319	membrane	T026	C0596901
28155918	1320	1327	effects	T080	C1280500
28155918	1349	1373	drug-target interactions	T044	C0687133
28155918	1394	1428	pronounced polyvalent interactions	T044	C0687133
28155918	1429	1438	catalyzed	T070	C0007382
28155918	1446	1453	surface	T082	C0205148
28155918	1485	1492	enhance	T052	C2349975
28155918	1497	1510	understanding	T041	C0162340
28155918	1514	1539	antibiotic mode of action	T169	C1524059
28155918	1556	1567	development	T169	C1527148
28155918	1586	1595	therapies	T061	C0087111

28157408|t|Who Persuades Who? An Analysis of Persuasion Choices Related to Antibiotic - Free Food
28157408|a|Personal communication, in which one person persuades another to engage in a particular behavior, is one means through which behaviors spread. To better understand how personal communication spreads behavior, we investigated adults' (N = 228) likelihood of persuading others in a fictitious social network to buy antibiotic - free food, and who they attempted to persuade, based on behavioral determinants, homophily, and superdiffuser traits. For potential consumers, the findings showed that behavioral determinants, behavioral intentions, and mavenism predicted intentions to persuade others. Homophily, mavenism, and connectivity predicted patterns of interpersonal persuasion. For vegetarians (without homophily in action), behavioral determinants and mavenism predicted persuasion intentions. Persuasiveness was associated with targeting more network members; mavenism was associated with selecting structurally central members.
28157408	4	13	Persuades	T078	C3825845
28157408	22	30	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28157408	34	44	Persuasion	T078	C3825845
28157408	45	52	Choices	T055	C0008300
28157408	64	74	Antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28157408	77	81	Free	T080	C1996904
28157408	82	86	Food	T168	C0016452
28157408	87	109	Personal communication	T054	C0086792
28157408	124	130	person	T098	C0027361
28157408	131	140	persuades	T078	C3825845
28157408	175	183	behavior	T053	C0004927
28157408	212	221	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28157408	222	228	spread	T080	C0332261
28157408	240	250	understand	T041	C0162340
28157408	255	277	personal communication	T054	C0086792
28157408	278	285	spreads	T080	C0332261
28157408	286	294	behavior	T053	C0004927
28157408	299	311	investigated	T169	C1292732
28157408	312	319	adults'	T100	C0001675
28157408	330	340	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28157408	344	354	persuading	T078	C3825845
28157408	378	392	social network	T098	C0150775
28157408	396	399	buy	T052	C0870238
28157408	400	410	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28157408	413	417	free	T080	C1996904
28157408	418	422	food	T168	C0016452
28157408	437	446	attempted	T051	C1516084
28157408	450	458	persuade	T078	C3825845
28157408	469	479	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28157408	480	492	determinants	T169	C1521761
28157408	494	503	homophily	T080	C0205556
28157408	509	522	superdiffuser	T080	C0205556
28157408	523	529	traits	T055	C0037401
28157408	535	544	potential	T080	C3245505
28157408	545	554	consumers	T098	C1707496
28157408	560	568	findings	T033	C0243095
28157408	581	591	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28157408	592	604	determinants	T169	C1521761
28157408	606	616	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28157408	617	627	intentions	T041	C0162425
28157408	633	641	mavenism	T080	C0205556
28157408	642	651	predicted	T078	C0681842
28157408	652	662	intentions	T041	C0162425
28157408	666	674	persuade	T078	C3825845
28157408	683	692	Homophily	T080	C0205556
28157408	694	702	mavenism	T080	C0205556
28157408	708	720	connectivity	T169	C0205245
28157408	721	730	predicted	T078	C0681842
28157408	731	739	patterns	T082	C0449774
28157408	743	756	interpersonal	T054	C0021797
28157408	757	767	persuasion	T078	C3825845
28157408	773	784	vegetarians	T098	C0042441
28157408	794	803	homophily	T080	C0205556
28157408	807	813	action	T052	C3266814
28157408	816	826	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28157408	827	839	determinants	T169	C1521761
28157408	844	852	mavenism	T080	C0205556
28157408	853	862	predicted	T078	C0681842
28157408	863	873	persuasion	T078	C3825845
28157408	874	884	intentions	T041	C0162425
28157408	886	900	Persuasiveness	T078	C3825845
28157408	905	920	associated with	T080	C0332281
28157408	921	930	targeting	T169	C1521840
28157408	936	943	network	T098	C0150775
28157408	944	951	members	T098	C0680022
28157408	953	961	mavenism	T080	C0205556
28157408	966	981	associated with	T080	C0332281
28157408	992	1004	structurally	T082	C0678594
28157408	1005	1012	central	T082	C0205099
28157408	1013	1020	members	T098	C0680022

28157688|t|Pattern recognition of enrichment levels of SELEX -based candidate aptamers for human C-reactive protein
28157688|a|Selecting aptamers for human C-reactive protein (CRP) would be of critical importance in predicting the risk for cardiovascular disease. The enrichment level of DNA aptamers is an important parameter for selecting candidate aptamers for further affinity and specificity determination. This paper is the first report on pattern recognition used for CRP aptamer enrichment levels in the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process, by applying structure-activity relationship models. After generating 10 rounds of graphene oxide (GO)- SELEX and 1670 molecular descriptors, eight molecular descriptors were selected and five latent variables were then obtained with principal component analysis (PCA), to develop a support vector classification (SVC) model. The SVC model (C=8.1728 and γ=0.2333) optimized by the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm possesses an accuracy of 88.15% for the training set. Prediction results of enrichment levels for the sequences with the frequencies of 6 and 5 are reasonable and acceptable, with accuracies of 70.59% and 76.37%, respectively.
28157688	0	19	Pattern recognition	T044	C1749339
28157688	23	33	enrichment	T081	C4086355
28157688	34	40	levels	T080	C0441889
28157688	44	49	SELEX	T062	C1567938
28157688	67	75	aptamers	T114	C0599013
28157688	80	104	human C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C4048285
28157688	105	114	Selecting	T045	C0036576
28157688	115	123	aptamers	T114	C0599013
28157688	128	152	human C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C4048285
28157688	154	157	CRP	T116,T129	C4048285
28157688	194	204	predicting	T078	C0681842
28157688	209	213	risk	T078	C0035647
28157688	218	240	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28157688	246	256	enrichment	T081	C4086355
28157688	266	278	DNA aptamers	T114	C1567953
28157688	329	337	aptamers	T114	C0599013
28157688	350	358	affinity	T070	C1510827
28157688	363	374	specificity	T081	C0037791
28157688	375	388	determination	T059	C1148554
28157688	424	443	pattern recognition	T044	C1749339
28157688	453	456	CRP	T116,T129	C4048285
28157688	457	464	aptamer	T114	C0599013
28157688	465	475	enrichment	T081	C4086355
28157688	476	482	levels	T080	C0441889
28157688	490	547	systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment	T062	C1567938
28157688	549	554	SELEX	T062	C1567938
28157688	577	608	structure-activity relationship	T080	C0038477
28157688	609	615	models	T170	C3161035
28157688	647	655	graphene	T196	C2936695
28157688	656	661	oxide	T197	C0030015
28157688	663	665	GO	T197	C0030015
28157688	668	673	SELEX	T062	C1567938
28157688	683	692	molecular	T080	C1521991
28157688	693	704	descriptors	T170	C0282354
28157688	712	721	molecular	T080	C1521991
28157688	722	733	descriptors	T170	C0282354
28157688	757	773	latent variables	UnknownType	C0814889
28157688	798	826	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
28157688	828	831	PCA	T081	C0429865
28157688	847	888	support vector classification (SVC) model	T081	C2699740
28157688	894	903	SVC model	T081	C2699740
28157688	928	937	optimized	T052	C2698650
28157688	945	988	particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm	T170	C0002045
28157688	1002	1010	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28157688	1043	1053	Prediction	T078	C0681842
28157688	1054	1061	results	T169	C1274040
28157688	1065	1075	enrichment	T081	C4086355
28157688	1076	1082	levels	T080	C0441889
28157688	1091	1100	sequences	T086	C0162326
28157688	1110	1121	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28157688	1137	1147	reasonable	T080	C0205556
28157688	1152	1162	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28157688	1169	1179	accuracies	T080	C0443131

28157737|t|Spinal cord interneurons expressing the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor convey itch through VGLUT2 -mediated signaling
28157737|a|Itch is a sensation that promotes the desire to scratch, which can be evoked by mechanical and chemical stimuli. In the spinal cord, neurons expressing the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) have been identified as specific mediators of itch. However, our understanding of the GRPR population in the spinal cord, and thus how these neurons exercise their functions, is limited. For this purpose, we constructed a Cre line designed to target the GRPR population of neurons (Grpr-Cre). Our analysis revealed that Grpr-Cre cells in the spinal cord are predominantly excitatory interneurons that are found in the dorsal lamina, especially in laminae II - IV. Application of the specific agonist gastrin-releasing peptide induced spike responses in 43.3% of the patched Grpr-Cre neurons, where the majority of the cells displayed a tonic firing property. Additionally, our analysis showed that the Grpr-Cre population expresses Vglut2 mRNA, and mice ablated of Vglut2 in Grpr-Cre cells (Vglut2 - lox; Grpr-Cre mice) displayed less spontaneous itch and attenuated responses to both histaminergic and nonhistaminergic agents. We could also show that application of the itch -inducing peptide, natriuretic polypeptide B, induces calcium influx in a subpopulation of Grpr-Cre neurons. To summarize, our data indicate that the Grpr-Cre spinal cord neural population is composed of interneurons that use VGLUT2 -mediated signaling for transmitting chemical and spontaneous itch stimuli to the next, currently unknown, neurons in the labeled line of itch.
28157737	0	11	Spinal cord	T023	C0037925
28157737	12	24	interneurons	T025	C0021792
28157737	25	35	expressing	T045	C0597360
28157737	40	74	gastrin-releasing peptide receptor	T116,T192	C0053917
28157737	82	86	itch	T184	C0033774
28157737	95	101	VGLUT2	T116,T123	C0969321
28157737	112	121	signaling	T038	C3537152
28157737	122	126	Itch	T184	C0033774
28157737	132	141	sensation	T042	C0036658
28157737	160	166	desire	T041	C0871633
28157737	170	177	scratch	T052	C2987480
28157737	202	212	mechanical	T169	C0443254
28157737	217	225	chemical	T103	C0220806
28157737	226	233	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28157737	242	253	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
28157737	255	262	neurons	T025	C0027882
28157737	263	273	expressing	T045	C0597360
28157737	278	312	gastrin-releasing peptide receptor	T116,T192	C0053917
28157737	314	318	GRPR	T116,T192	C0053917
28157737	366	370	itch	T184	C0033774
28157737	406	410	GRPR	T116,T192	C0053917
28157737	429	440	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
28157737	461	468	neurons	T025	C0027882
28157737	484	493	functions	T043	C0007613
28157737	542	550	Cre line	T025	C0007634
28157737	574	578	GRPR	T116,T192	C0053917
28157737	593	600	neurons	T025	C0027882
28157737	602	610	Grpr-Cre	T025	C0007634
28157737	617	625	analysis	T062	C0936012
28157737	640	654	Grpr-Cre cells	T025	C0007634
28157737	662	673	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
28157737	703	715	interneurons	T025	C0021792
28157737	738	751	dorsal lamina	T023	C3498378
28157737	767	777	laminae II	T023	C2326758
28157737	780	782	IV	T024	C2332702
28157737	812	819	agonist	T121	C2987634
28157737	820	845	gastrin-releasing peptide	T116,T123	C0061132
28157737	854	869	spike responses	T043	C0007613
28157737	894	902	Grpr-Cre	T025	C0007634
28157737	903	910	neurons	T025	C0027882
28157737	938	943	cells	T025	C0007634
28157737	956	968	tonic firing	T043	C0007613
28157737	997	1005	analysis	T062	C0936012
28157737	1022	1030	Grpr-Cre	T025	C0007634
28157737	1042	1051	expresses	T045	C1171362
28157737	1052	1058	Vglut2	T116,T123	C1528214
28157737	1059	1063	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28157737	1069	1073	mice	T015	C0025929
28157737	1085	1091	Vglut2	T116,T123	C1528214
28157737	1095	1109	Grpr-Cre cells	T025	C0007634
28157737	1111	1117	Vglut2	T116,T123	C1528214
28157737	1120	1123	lox	T116,T126	C0654364
28157737	1125	1138	Grpr-Cre mice	T025	C0007634
28157737	1167	1171	itch	T184	C0033774
28157737	1205	1218	histaminergic	T121	C0242704
28157737	1223	1246	nonhistaminergic agents	T109,T121	C0003360
28157737	1291	1295	itch	T184	C0033774
28157737	1306	1313	peptide	T116	C0030956
28157737	1315	1340	natriuretic polypeptide B	T116,T121,T125	C1144709
28157737	1350	1364	calcium influx	T043	C0007613
28157737	1387	1395	Grpr-Cre	T025	C0007634
28157737	1396	1403	neurons	T025	C0027882
28157737	1446	1454	Grpr-Cre	T025	C0007634
28157737	1455	1466	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
28157737	1467	1484	neural population	T025	C0027882
28157737	1500	1512	interneurons	T025	C0021792
28157737	1522	1528	VGLUT2	T116,T123	C0969321
28157737	1539	1548	signaling	T038	C3537152
28157737	1553	1565	transmitting	T070	C1521797
28157737	1566	1574	chemical	T103	C0220806
28157737	1579	1590	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28157737	1591	1595	itch	T184	C0033774
28157737	1596	1603	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28157737	1636	1643	neurons	T025	C0027882
28157737	1667	1671	itch	T184	C0033774

28158194|t|Biophysical model of the role of actin remodeling on dendritic spine morphology
28158194|a|Dendritic spines are small membranous structures that protrude from the neuronal dendrite. Each spine contains a synaptic contact site that may connect its parent dendrite to the axons of neighboring neurons. Dendritic spines are markedly distinct in shape and size, and certain types of stimulation prompt spines to evolve, in fairly predictable fashion, from thin nascent morphologies to the mushroom-like shapes associated with mature spines. It is well established that the remodeling of spines is strongly dependent upon the actin cytoskeleton inside the spine. A general framework that details the precise role of actin in directing the transitions between the various spine shapes is lacking. We address this issue, and present a quantitative, model -based scenario for spine plasticity validated using realistic and physiologically relevant parameters. Our model points to a crucial role for the actin cytoskeleton. In the early stages of spine formation, the interplay between the elastic properties of the spine membrane and the protrusive forces generated in the actin cytoskeleton propels the incipient spine. In the maturation stage, actin remodeling in the form of the combined dynamics of branched and bundled actin is required to form mature, mushroom-like spines. Importantly, our model shows that constricting the spine-neck aids in the stabilization of mature spines, thus pointing to a role in stabilization and maintenance for additional factors such as ring-like F-actin structures. Taken together, our model provides unique insights into the fundamental role of actin remodeling and polymerization forces during spine formation and maturation.
28158194	0	17	Biophysical model	T075	C0026336
28158194	33	49	actin remodeling	T043	C1326829
28158194	53	68	dendritic spine	T026	C0872341
28158194	69	79	morphology	T080	C0332437
28158194	80	96	Dendritic spines	T026	C0872341
28158194	107	117	membranous	T080	C0205287
28158194	118	128	structures	T082	C0678594
28158194	134	142	protrude	T190	C0333056
28158194	152	169	neuronal dendrite	T026	C0011305
28158194	176	181	spine	T026	C0872341
28158194	193	201	synaptic	T030	C0039062
28158194	243	251	dendrite	T026	C0011305
28158194	259	264	axons	T026	C0004461
28158194	280	287	neurons	T025	C0027882
28158194	289	305	Dendritic spines	T026	C0872341
28158194	319	327	distinct	T080	C1705242
28158194	331	336	shape	T082	C0332479
28158194	341	345	size	T082	C0456389
28158194	368	379	stimulation	T061	C1292856
28158194	380	386	prompt	T169	C0871157
28158194	387	393	spines	T026	C0872341
28158194	397	403	evolve	T169	C0332253
28158194	441	445	thin	T080	C0205168
28158194	446	453	nascent	T079	C0205256
28158194	454	466	morphologies	T080	C0332437
28158194	474	494	mushroom-like shapes	T082	C0332479
28158194	495	510	associated with	T080	C0332281
28158194	511	517	mature	T079	C0205286
28158194	518	524	spines	T026	C0872341
28158194	537	548	established	T080	C0443211
28158194	558	568	remodeling	T043	C1326829
28158194	572	578	spines	T026	C0872341
28158194	591	600	dependent	T080	C0851827
28158194	610	628	actin cytoskeleton	T026	C0025979
28158194	640	645	spine	T026	C0872341
28158194	692	696	role	T170	C3871154
28158194	700	705	actin	T116,T123	C0001271
28158194	723	734	transitions	T052	C2700061
28158194	755	767	spine shapes	T082	C0332479
28158194	771	778	lacking	T080	C0332268
28158194	796	801	issue	T033	C0033213
28158194	817	829	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28158194	831	836	model	T075	C0026336
28158194	844	852	scenario	T169	C0683579
28158194	857	862	spine	T026	C0872341
28158194	863	873	plasticity	T042	C0027880
28158194	874	883	validated	T062	C1519941
28158194	904	919	physiologically	T169	C0205463
28158194	920	928	relevant	T080	C2347946
28158194	929	939	parameters	T077	C0549193
28158194	945	950	model	T075	C0026336
28158194	971	975	role	T170	C3871154
28158194	984	1002	actin cytoskeleton	T026	C0025979
28158194	1011	1023	early stages	T079	C2363430
28158194	1027	1032	spine	T026	C0872341
28158194	1033	1042	formation	T169	C1522492
28158194	1048	1057	interplay	T169	C1704675
28158194	1070	1088	elastic properties	T201	C1831583
28158194	1096	1110	spine membrane	T026	C2245791
28158194	1119	1129	protrusive	T190	C0333056
28158194	1130	1136	forces	T067	C0441722
28158194	1137	1146	generated	T052	C3146294
28158194	1154	1172	actin cytoskeleton	T026	C0025979
28158194	1173	1180	propels	T169	C0871157
28158194	1185	1194	incipient	T079	C0205256
28158194	1195	1200	spine	T026	C0872341
28158194	1209	1219	maturation	T043	C1516349
28158194	1220	1225	stage	T079	C0205390
28158194	1227	1243	actin remodeling	T043	C1326829
28158194	1263	1271	combined	T080	C0205195
28158194	1272	1280	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28158194	1284	1292	branched	T082	C2700384
28158194	1297	1310	bundled actin	T026	C1819347
28158194	1331	1337	mature	T079	C0205286
28158194	1339	1359	mushroom-like spines	T082	C0332479
28158194	1378	1383	model	T075	C0026336
28158194	1395	1407	constricting	T080	C0333164
28158194	1412	1422	spine-neck	T026	C3159206
28158194	1423	1427	aids	T080	C1269765
28158194	1435	1448	stabilization	T061	C1293130
28158194	1452	1458	mature	T079	C0205286
28158194	1459	1465	spines	T026	C0872341
28158194	1486	1490	role	T170	C3871154
28158194	1494	1507	stabilization	T061	C1293130
28158194	1512	1523	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28158194	1528	1538	additional	T169	C1524062
28158194	1539	1546	factors	T169	C1521761
28158194	1555	1583	ring-like F-actin structures	T116,T123	C1180307
28158194	1605	1610	model	T075	C0026336
28158194	1620	1626	unique	T080	C1710548
28158194	1665	1681	actin remodeling	T043	C1326829
28158194	1686	1700	polymerization	T043	C1155982
28158194	1701	1707	forces	T067	C0441722
28158194	1715	1720	spine	T026	C0872341
28158194	1721	1730	formation	T169	C1522492
28158194	1735	1745	maturation	T043	C1516349

28158248|t|Modeling the flux of metabolites in the juvenile hormone biosynthesis pathway using generalized additive models and ordinary differential equations
28158248|a|Juvenile hormone (JH) regulates development and reproductive maturation in insects. The corpora allata (CA) from female adult mosquitoes synthesize fluctuating levels of JH, which have been linked to the ovarian development and are influenced by nutritional signals. The rate of JH biosynthesis is controlled by the rate of flux of isoprenoids in the pathway, which is the outcome of a complex interplay of changes in precursor pools and enzyme levels. A comprehensive study of the changes in enzymatic activities and precursor pool sizes have been previously reported for the mosquito Aedes aegypti JH biosynthesis pathway. In the present studies, we used two different quantitative approaches to describe and predict how changes in the individual metabolic reactions in the pathway affect JH synthesis. First, we constructed generalized additive models (GAMs) that described the association between changes in specific metabolite concentrations with changes in enzymatic activities and substrate concentrations. Changes in substrate concentrations explained 50% or more of the model deviances in 7 of the 13 metabolic steps analyzed. Addition of information on enzymatic activities almost always improved the fitness of GAMs built solely based on substrate concentrations. GAMs were validated using experimental data that were not included when the model was built. In addition, a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) was developed to describe the instantaneous changes in metabolites as a function of the levels of enzymatic catalytic activities. The results demonstrated the ability of the models to predict changes in the flux of metabolites in the JH pathway, and can be used in the future to design and validate experimental manipulations of JH synthesis.
28158248	0	8	Modeling	T062	C0870071
28158248	13	17	flux	T070	C2348693
28158248	21	32	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28158248	40	56	juvenile hormone	T125	C0022439
28158248	57	69	biosynthesis	T038	C0220781
28158248	70	77	pathway	T044	C1704259
28158248	84	111	generalized additive models	T075	C0026336
28158248	116	147	ordinary differential equations	T170	C0282574
28158248	148	164	Juvenile hormone	T125	C0022439
28158248	166	168	JH	T125	C0022439
28158248	180	191	development	T169	C1527148
28158248	196	219	reproductive maturation	T040	C0036887
28158248	223	230	insects	T204	C0021585
28158248	236	250	corpora allata	T023	C0010085
28158248	252	254	CA	T023	C0010085
28158248	261	267	female	T032	C0086287
28158248	268	284	adult mosquitoes	T204	C0026584
28158248	296	307	fluctuating	T079	C0231241
28158248	308	314	levels	T080	C0441889
28158248	318	320	JH	T125	C0022439
28158248	352	371	ovarian development	T042	C1160265
28158248	394	405	nutritional	T080	C1521739
28158248	406	413	signals	T043	C0037083
28158248	419	423	rate	T081	C1521828
28158248	427	429	JH	T125	C0022439
28158248	430	442	biosynthesis	T038	C0220781
28158248	464	468	rate	T081	C1521828
28158248	472	476	flux	T070	C2348693
28158248	480	491	isoprenoids	T109	C0682996
28158248	499	506	pathway	T044	C1704259
28158248	555	562	changes	T169	C0392747
28158248	566	575	precursor	T167	C3891814
28158248	586	592	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28158248	593	599	levels	T080	C0441889
28158248	603	616	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28158248	617	622	study	T062	C2603343
28158248	630	637	changes	T169	C0392747
28158248	641	661	enzymatic activities	T044	C0243102
28158248	666	675	precursor	T167	C3891814
28158248	725	733	mosquito	T204	C0026584
28158248	734	747	Aedes aegypti	T204	C0322859
28158248	748	750	JH	T125	C0022439
28158248	751	763	biosynthesis	T038	C0220781
28158248	764	771	pathway	T044	C1704259
28158248	788	795	studies	T062	C2603343
28158248	819	842	quantitative approaches	UnknownType	C0681919
28158248	871	878	changes	T169	C0392747
28158248	897	906	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28158248	907	916	reactions	T169	C0443286
28158248	924	931	pathway	T044	C1704259
28158248	939	941	JH	T125	C0022439
28158248	942	951	synthesis	T038	C0220781
28158248	975	1002	generalized additive models	T075	C0026336
28158248	1004	1008	GAMs	T075	C0026336
28158248	1049	1056	changes	T169	C0392747
28158248	1069	1079	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28158248	1080	1094	concentrations	T081	C0457929
28158248	1100	1107	changes	T169	C0392747
28158248	1111	1131	enzymatic activities	T044	C0243102
28158248	1136	1145	substrate	T167	C3891814
28158248	1146	1160	concentrations	T081	C0457929
28158248	1162	1169	Changes	T169	C0392747
28158248	1173	1182	substrate	T167	C3891814
28158248	1183	1197	concentrations	T081	C0457929
28158248	1227	1232	model	T075	C0026336
28158248	1258	1267	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28158248	1268	1273	steps	T077	C1261552
28158248	1274	1282	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28158248	1311	1331	enzymatic activities	T044	C0243102
28158248	1359	1366	fitness	T052	C2349186
28158248	1370	1374	GAMs	T075	C0026336
28158248	1397	1406	substrate	T167	C3891814
28158248	1407	1421	concentrations	T081	C0457929
28158248	1423	1427	GAMs	T075	C0026336
28158248	1449	1461	experimental	T080	C1517586
28158248	1462	1466	data	T078	C1511726
28158248	1541	1572	ordinary differential equations	T170	C0282574
28158248	1574	1577	ODE	T170	C0282574
28158248	1623	1630	changes	T169	C0392747
28158248	1634	1645	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28158248	1651	1659	function	T169	C0542341
28158248	1667	1673	levels	T080	C0441889
28158248	1677	1707	enzymatic catalytic activities	T044	C0243102
28158248	1713	1720	results	T169	C1274040
28158248	1753	1759	models	T075	C0026336
28158248	1771	1778	changes	T169	C0392747
28158248	1786	1790	flux	T070	C2348693
28158248	1794	1805	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28158248	1813	1815	JH	T125	C0022439
28158248	1816	1823	pathway	T044	C1704259
28158248	1858	1864	design	T052	C1707689
28158248	1869	1877	validate	T062	C1519941
28158248	1878	1890	experimental	T080	C1517586
28158248	1891	1904	manipulations	T169	C0205245
28158248	1908	1910	JH	T125	C0022439
28158248	1911	1920	synthesis	T038	C0220781

28158316|t|Phishing suspiciousness in older and younger adults: The role of executive functioning
28158316|a|Phishing is the spoofing of Internet websites or emails aimed at tricking users into entering sensitive information, with such goals as financial or identity theft. The current study sought to determine whether age is associated with increased susceptibility to phishing and whether tests of executive functioning can predict phishing susceptibility. A total of 193 cognitively intact participants, 91 younger adults and 102 older adults, were primarily recruited through a Psychology department undergraduate subject pool and a gerontology research registry, respectively. The Executive Functions Module from the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery and the Iowa Gambling Task were the primary cognitive predictors of reported phishing suspiciousness. Other predictors included age group (older vs. younger), sex, education, race, ethnicity, prior knowledge of phishing, prior susceptibility to phishing, and whether or not browsing behaviors were reportedly different in the laboratory setting versus at home. A logistic regression, which accounted for a 22.7% reduction in error variance compared to the null model and predicted phishing suspiciousness with 73.1% (95% CI [66.0, 80.3]) accuracy, revealed three statistically significant predictors: the main effect of education (b = 0.58, SE = 0.27) and the interactions of age group with prior awareness of phishing (b = 2.31, SE = 1.12) and performance on the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Mazes test (b = 0.16, SE = 0.07). Whether or not older adults reported being suspicious of the phishing attacks used in this study was partially explained by educational history and prior phishing knowledge. This suggests that simple educational interventions may be effective in reducing phishing vulnerability. Although one test of executive functioning was found useful for identifying those at risk of phishing susceptibility, four tests were not found to be useful; these results speak to the need for more ecologically valid tools in clinical neuropsychology.
28158316	0	8	Phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	9	23	suspiciousness	T033	C0233519
28158316	27	32	older	T100	C0001675
28158316	37	51	younger adults	T100	C0238598
28158316	65	86	executive functioning	T041	C0935584
28158316	87	95	Phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	115	123	Internet	T073	C0282111
28158316	124	132	websites	T170	C2349146
28158316	136	142	emails	T170	C0013849
28158316	152	166	tricking users	T098	C1706077
28158316	191	202	information	T078	C1533716
28158316	223	232	financial	T081	C0376243
28158316	236	250	identity theft	T054	C3658363
28158316	264	269	study	T062	C2603343
28158316	298	301	age	T032	C0001779
28158316	305	320	associated with	T080	C0332281
28158316	321	330	increased	T081	C0205217
28158316	331	345	susceptibility	T033	C1821973
28158316	349	357	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	379	400	executive functioning	T041	C0935584
28158316	413	421	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	422	436	susceptibility	T033	C1821973
28158316	453	464	cognitively	T169	C1516691
28158316	465	484	intact participants	T098	C0679646
28158316	489	503	younger adults	T100	C0238598
28158316	512	524	older adults	T100	C0001675
28158316	561	571	Psychology	T091	C0033909
28158316	572	582	department	T092	C1704729
28158316	583	609	undergraduate subject pool	T096	C3642472
28158316	616	627	gerontology	T090	C0205767
28158316	628	645	research registry	T170	C0282574
28158316	665	691	Executive Functions Module	T077	C1709061
28158316	701	738	Neuropsychological Assessment Battery	T170	C0451331
28158316	747	765	Iowa Gambling Task	T170	C0282574
28158316	783	792	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28158316	793	803	predictors	T078	C2698872
28158316	816	824	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	825	839	suspiciousness	T033	C0233519
28158316	847	857	predictors	T078	C2698872
28158316	867	876	age group	T100	C0027362
28158316	878	883	older	T100	C0001675
28158316	888	895	younger	T100	C0238598
28158316	898	901	sex	T032	C0079399
28158316	903	912	education	T091	C1547143
28158316	914	918	race	T098	C0034510
28158316	920	929	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
28158316	937	946	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28158316	950	958	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	966	980	susceptibility	T033	C1821973
28158316	984	992	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	1013	1021	browsing	T170	C3658317
28158316	1022	1031	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28158316	1065	1075	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28158316	1076	1083	setting	T082	C0162579
28158316	1102	1121	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28158316	1151	1160	reduction	T080	C0392756
28158316	1164	1178	error variance	T081	C0870508
28158316	1195	1205	null model	T170	C3161035
28158316	1220	1228	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	1229	1243	suspiciousness	T033	C0233519
28158316	1260	1262	CI	T081	C0009667
28158316	1277	1285	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28158316	1302	1327	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28158316	1328	1338	predictors	T078	C2698872
28158316	1359	1368	education	T091	C1547143
28158316	1415	1424	age group	T100	C0027362
28158316	1436	1445	awareness	T041	C0004448
28158316	1449	1457	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	1503	1551	Neuropsychological Assessment Battery Mazes test	T060	C0027902
28158316	1590	1602	older adults	T100	C0001675
28158316	1618	1628	suspicious	T078	C0750493
28158316	1636	1644	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	1666	1671	study	T062	C2603343
28158316	1699	1718	educational history	T033	C0013658
28158316	1729	1737	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	1738	1747	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28158316	1775	1800	educational interventions	T061	C0281163
28158316	1821	1829	reducing	T080	C0392756
28158316	1830	1838	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	1839	1852	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28158316	1875	1896	executive functioning	T041	C0935584
28158316	1939	1943	risk	T078	C0035647
28158316	1947	1955	phishing	T055	C0679123
28158316	1956	1970	susceptibility	T033	C1821973
28158316	2053	2077	ecologically valid tools	T170	C0037589
28158316	2081	2089	clinical	T080	C0205210
28158316	2090	2105	neuropsychology	T091	C0027903

28159030|t|Health and wellbeing boards: public health decision making bodies or political pawns?
28159030|a|Health and Wellbeing boards in England are uniquely constituted; embedded in the local authorities with membership drawn from a range of stakeholders and partner organizations. This raises the question of how decision making functions of the boards reflects wider public health decision making, if criteria are applied to decision making, and what prioritization processes, if any, are used. Qualitative research methods were employed and five local boards were approached, interview dyads were conducted with the boards Chair and Director of Public Health across four of these (n = 4). Three questions were addressed: how are decisions made? What are the criteria applied to decision making? And how are criteria then prioritized? A thematic approach was used to analyse data identifying codes and extracting key themes. Equity, effectiveness and consistency with strategies of board and partners were most consistently identified by participants as criteria influencing decisions. Prioritization was described as an engaged and collaborative process, but criteria were not explicitly referenced in the decision making of the boards which instead made unstructured prioritization of population sub-groups or interventions agreed by consensus. Criteria identified are broadly consistent with those used in wider public health practice but additionally incorporated criteria which recognizes the political siting of the boards. The study explored the variety in different board's approaches to prioritization and identified a lack of clarity and rigour in the identification and use of criteria in prioritization processes. Decision making may benefit from the explicit inclusion of criteria in the prioritization process.
28159030	0	27	Health and wellbeing boards	T170	C4296498
28159030	29	65	public health decision making bodies	T093	C1274109
28159030	69	78	political	T068	C0032380
28159030	86	113	Health and Wellbeing boards	T170	C4296498
28159030	117	124	England	T083	C0014282
28159030	167	172	local	T082	C0205276
28159030	173	184	authorities	T097	C0001568
28159030	190	200	membership	T102	C0376347
28159030	201	206	drawn	T033	C0424092
28159030	223	235	stakeholders	T094	C2827395
28159030	240	247	partner	T098	C0681088
28159030	248	261	organizations	T092	C0237643
28159030	279	287	question	T170	C1522634
28159030	295	320	decision making functions	T057	C0011111
28159030	328	334	boards	T170	C4296498
28159030	350	363	public health	T058	C0034024
28159030	364	379	decision making	T057	C0011111
28159030	384	392	criteria	T078	C0243161
28159030	408	423	decision making	T057	C0011111
28159030	434	458	prioritization processes	T078	C1547801
28159030	478	506	Qualitative research methods	T062	C0681940
28159030	530	535	local	T082	C0205276
28159030	536	542	boards	T170	C4296498
28159030	560	569	interview	T052	C0021822
28159030	570	575	dyads	T098	C0870454
28159030	600	606	boards	T170	C4296498
28159030	607	612	Chair	T097	C1524106
28159030	617	625	Director	T097	C0401772
28159030	629	642	Public Health	T058	C0034024
28159030	679	688	questions	T170	C1522634
28159030	713	727	decisions made	T057	C0011111
28159030	742	750	criteria	T078	C0243161
28159030	762	777	decision making	T057	C0011111
28159030	791	799	criteria	T078	C0243161
28159030	805	816	prioritized	T078	C1547801
28159030	820	828	thematic	UnknownType	C0869035
28159030	829	837	approach	T057	C0039152
28159030	850	862	analyse data	T081	C0010998
28159030	863	874	identifying	T080	C0205396
28159030	875	880	codes	T170	C1135938
28159030	900	906	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
28159030	908	914	Equity	T080	C0205163
28159030	916	929	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28159030	934	945	consistency	T080	C0332529
28159030	951	961	strategies	T078	C0243161
28159030	965	970	board	T170	C4296498
28159030	975	983	partners	T098	C0681088
28159030	1007	1017	identified	T080	C0205396
28159030	1021	1033	participants	T098	C0679646
28159030	1037	1045	criteria	T078	C0243161
28159030	1058	1067	decisions	T057	C0011111
28159030	1069	1083	Prioritization	T078	C1547801
28159030	1104	1111	engaged	T080	C1283828
28159030	1116	1137	collaborative process	T058	C0511287
28159030	1143	1151	criteria	T078	C0243161
28159030	1190	1205	decision making	T057	C0011111
28159030	1213	1219	boards	T170	C4296498
28159030	1239	1251	unstructured	T033	C0564636
28159030	1252	1266	prioritization	T078	C1547801
28159030	1270	1291	population sub-groups	T098	C1257890
28159030	1295	1308	interventions	T061	C0184661
28159030	1319	1328	consensus	T054	C0376298
28159030	1330	1338	Criteria	T078	C0243161
28159030	1362	1377	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28159030	1398	1420	public health practice	T058	C0034024
28159030	1451	1459	criteria	T078	C0243161
28159030	1481	1497	political siting	T068	C0032380
28159030	1505	1511	boards	T170	C4296498
28159030	1557	1564	board's	T170	C4296498
28159030	1579	1593	prioritization	T078	C1547801
28159030	1611	1626	lack of clarity	T033	C3845108
28159030	1631	1637	rigour	T080	C0027564
28159030	1645	1659	identification	T080	C0205396
28159030	1664	1670	use of	T169	C1524063
28159030	1671	1679	criteria	T078	C0243161
28159030	1683	1707	prioritization processes	T078	C1547801
28159030	1709	1724	Decision making	T057	C0011111
28159030	1755	1764	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28159030	1768	1776	criteria	T078	C0243161
28159030	1784	1806	prioritization process	T078	C1547801

28159133|t|Danish women's experiences of the rebozo technique during labour: A qualitative explorative study
28159133|a|The study aimed to explore women's experiences of the rebozo technique during labour. This was a qualitative study based on individual telephone interviews, analysed by means of qualitative content analysis and inspired by interpretive description. 17 participants were recruited from two different-sized Danish hospitals and identified by applying a purposeful sample strategy. The main theme expressed the women's overall experience with the rebozo: "Joined movements in a harmless effort towards a natural birth ". The women experienced that the technique created bodily sensations, which reduced their pain, and furthermore they expressed that it interrelated the labour process and produced mutual involvement and psychological support from the midwife and the women's partner. The rebozo technique was in most situations carried out because the midwife suspected a foetus malposition. The experiences of the rebozo technique were overall positive and both of a physical and psychological nature. The results indicate that health professionals should view rebozo as an easy accessible clinical tool with high user acceptance and possible positive psychological and clinical implications. The study contributes with a deeper and more nuanced understanding of a topic where only limited knowledge exists, however, efficacy studies are warranted.
28159133	0	6	Danish	T083	C0011318
28159133	7	14	women's	T098	C0043210
28159133	15	26	experiences	T041	C0596545
28159133	34	50	rebozo technique	T061	C0884660
28159133	58	64	labour	T040	C0022864
28159133	68	97	qualitative explorative study	T062	C0949415
28159133	125	132	women's	T098	C0043210
28159133	133	144	experiences	T041	C0596545
28159133	152	168	rebozo technique	T061	C0884660
28159133	176	182	labour	T040	C0022864
28159133	195	212	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28159133	233	253	telephone interviews	T062	C0021823
28159133	276	287	qualitative	T080	C0205556
28159133	288	304	content analysis	T062	C0681915
28159133	403	409	Danish	T083	C0011318
28159133	410	419	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28159133	506	513	women's	T098	C0043210
28159133	522	532	experience	T041	C0596545
28159133	542	548	rebozo	T061	C0884660
28159133	599	612	natural birth	T040	C2985348
28159133	620	625	women	T098	C0043210
28159133	626	637	experienced	T041	C0596545
28159133	647	656	technique	T169	C0449851
28159133	690	708	reduced their pain	T033	C2712015
28159133	766	772	labour	T040	C0022864
28159133	794	800	mutual	T080	C1709100
28159133	817	838	psychological support	T058	C0600015
28159133	848	855	midwife	T097	C0026083
28159133	864	871	women's	T098	C0043210
28159133	885	901	rebozo technique	T061	C0884660
28159133	949	956	midwife	T097	C0026083
28159133	969	987	foetus malposition	T033	C0269699
28159133	993	1004	experiences	T041	C0596545
28159133	1012	1028	rebozo technique	T061	C0884660
28159133	1042	1050	positive	T033	C1446409
28159133	1065	1073	physical	T041	C0237516
28159133	1078	1098	psychological nature	T041	C0025353
28159133	1126	1146	health professionals	T097	C1704312
28159133	1159	1165	rebozo	T061	C0884660
28159133	1250	1263	psychological	T169	C0205486

28159418|t|The role of p62 / SQSTM1 in sporadic inclusion body myositis
28159418|a|We examined selective autophagy against ubiquitinated protein aggregates in sporadic inclusion body myositis (s-IBM) patients. The form of autophagy requires phosphorylation of serine 403 in p62 / SQSTM1 to bind to Lys63 -linked ubiquitin and the binding of the p62 - ubiquitinated protein conjugates to LC3. In muscle biopsy specimens from 16 s-IBM patients, we compared the distribution of p62 (aa120-440) with 1) Ser403 - phosphorylated p62 (S403 - p p62), 2) Lys63 -linked ubiquitin and 3) LC3 in double-colour immunofluorescence microscopy. S403 - p p62, Lys63 -linked ubiquitin and LC3 colocalised with p62 aggregates, 79.05% ± 13.64% (mean ± SD), 66.54% ± 19.91% and 51.84% ± 14.1%, respectively. Although positive deposits of S403 - p p62 and Lys63 -linked ubiquitin were always observed within p62 aggregates, LC3 often showed dissociated distribution from p62. We also found fibres containing small, numerous p62 - positive dots that were negative for all three markers and were also observed in myositis controls. The results indicate that p62, Lys63 -linked ubiquitin and LC3 in s-IBM join to perform selective autophagy. p62 could be induced by some cellular stresses in all types of myositis; however, in s-IBM, compromised binding of the p62 - ubiquitinated protein complex to LC3 could stop the autophagy process in its initial stages, which causes the formation of aggregates of p62 - oligomers with Lys63 - ubiquitinated proteins.
28159418	4	8	role	T077	C1705810
28159418	12	15	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	18	24	SQSTM1	T116,T123	C1137054
28159418	28	60	sporadic inclusion body myositis	T047	C0751713
28159418	83	92	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28159418	101	122	ubiquitinated protein	T116	C1956096
28159418	123	133	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28159418	137	169	sporadic inclusion body myositis	T047	C0751713
28159418	171	176	s-IBM	T047	C0751713
28159418	178	186	patients	T101	C0030705
28159418	200	209	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28159418	219	234	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28159418	238	248	serine 403	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28159418	252	255	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	258	264	SQSTM1	T116,T123	C1137054
28159418	268	272	bind	T044	C1167622
28159418	276	281	Lys63	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
28159418	290	299	ubiquitin	T116,T123	C0041538
28159418	308	315	binding	T044	C1167622
28159418	323	326	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	329	350	ubiquitinated protein	T116	C1956096
28159418	365	368	LC3	T116,T123	C1144120
28159418	373	396	muscle biopsy specimens	T024	C0587033
28159418	405	410	s-IBM	T047	C0751713
28159418	411	419	patients	T101	C0030705
28159418	437	449	distribution	T169	C1704711
28159418	453	456	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	458	467	aa120-440	T087	C0002518
28159418	477	483	Ser403	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28159418	486	500	phosphorylated	T116	C1519061
28159418	501	504	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	506	510	S403	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28159418	513	514	p	T116	C1519061
28159418	515	518	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	524	529	Lys63	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
28159418	538	547	ubiquitin	T116,T123	C0041538
28159418	555	558	LC3	T116,T123	C1144120
28159418	562	605	double-colour immunofluorescence microscopy	T059	C0079604
28159418	607	611	S403	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28159418	614	615	p	T116	C1519061
28159418	616	619	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	621	626	Lys63	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
28159418	635	644	ubiquitin	T116,T123	C0041538
28159418	649	652	LC3	T116,T123	C1144120
28159418	670	673	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	674	684	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28159418	703	707	mean	T081	C0444504
28159418	710	712	SD	T081	C0871420
28159418	774	782	positive	T033	C1446409
28159418	783	791	deposits	T169	C0333562
28159418	795	799	S403	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28159418	802	803	p	T116	C1519061
28159418	804	807	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	812	817	Lys63	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
28159418	826	835	ubiquitin	T116,T123	C0041538
28159418	848	856	observed	T169	C1441672
28159418	864	867	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	868	878	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28159418	880	883	LC3	T116,T123	C1144120
28159418	909	921	distribution	T169	C1704711
28159418	927	930	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	946	952	fibres	T024	C1304649
28159418	964	969	small	T081	C0700321
28159418	971	979	numerous	T081	C0439064
28159418	980	983	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	986	994	positive	T033	C1446409
28159418	1010	1018	negative	T033	C0205160
28159418	1033	1040	markers	T201	C0005516
28159418	1055	1063	observed	T169	C1441672
28159418	1067	1075	myositis	T047	C0027121
28159418	1076	1084	controls	T096	C0009932
28159418	1090	1097	results	T169	C1274040
28159418	1112	1115	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	1117	1122	Lys63	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
28159418	1131	1140	ubiquitin	T116,T123	C0041538
28159418	1145	1148	LC3	T116,T123	C1144120
28159418	1152	1157	s-IBM	T047	C0751713
28159418	1166	1173	perform	T169	C0884358
28159418	1184	1193	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28159418	1195	1198	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	1208	1215	induced	T169	C0205263
28159418	1224	1241	cellular stresses	T049	C1516373
28159418	1258	1266	myositis	T047	C0027121
28159418	1280	1285	s-IBM	T047	C0751713
28159418	1287	1298	compromised	T033	C2945640
28159418	1299	1306	binding	T044	C1167622
28159418	1314	1317	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	1320	1341	ubiquitinated protein	T116	C1956096
28159418	1342	1349	complex	T104	C1704241
28159418	1353	1356	LC3	T116,T123	C1144120
28159418	1363	1367	stop	T052	C1947925
28159418	1372	1381	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28159418	1382	1389	process	T067	C1522240
28159418	1405	1411	stages	T079	C1306673
28159418	1430	1439	formation	T169	C1522492
28159418	1443	1453	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28159418	1457	1460	p62	T116	C0134965
28159418	1463	1472	oligomers	T087	C0599219
28159418	1478	1483	Lys63	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
28159418	1486	1508	ubiquitinated proteins	T116	C1956096

28159606|t|Recent coating developments for combination devices in orthopedic and dental applications: A literature review
28159606|a|Orthopedic and dental implants have been used successfully for decades to replace or repair missing or damaged bones, joints, and teeth, thereby restoring patient function subsequent to disease or injury. However, although device success rates are generally high, patient outcomes are sometimes compromised due to device -related problems such as insufficient integration, local tissue inflammation, and infection. Many different types of surface coatings have been developed to address these shortcomings, including those that incorporate therapeutic agents to provide localized delivery to the surgical site. While these coatings hold enormous potential for improving device function, the list of requirements that an ideal combination coating must fulfill is extensive, and no single coating system today simultaneously addresses all of the criteria. Some of the primary challenges related to current coatings are non-optimal release kinetics, which most often are too rapid, the potential for inducing antibiotic resistance in target organisms, high susceptibility to mechanical abrasion and delamination, toxicity, difficult and expensive regulatory approval pathways, and high manufacturing costs. This review provides a survey of the most recent developments in the field, i.e., those published in the last 2-3years, with a particular focus on technologies that have potential for overcoming the most significant challenges facing therapeutically - loaded coatings. It is concluded that the ideal coating remains an unrealized target, but that advances in the field and emerging technologies are bringing it closer to reality. The significant amount of research currentl y being conducted in the field provides a level of optimism that many functional combination coating s will ultimately transition into clinical practice, significant ly improving patient outcomes.
28159606	0	6	Recent	T079	C0332185
28159606	7	14	coating	T080	C1522408
28159606	15	27	developments	T169	C1527148
28159606	32	51	combination devices	T074	C1445094
28159606	55	65	orthopedic	T091	C0029355
28159606	70	89	dental applications	T061	C0398998
28159606	93	110	literature review	T170	C0282441
28159606	111	121	Orthopedic	T091	C0029355
28159606	126	141	dental implants	T074	C0011373
28159606	157	169	successfully	T080	C1272703
28159606	174	181	decades	T081	C2981279
28159606	185	192	replace	T169	C0559956
28159606	196	202	repair	T058	C1705181
28159606	203	210	missing	T080	C1705492
28159606	214	221	damaged	T169	C1883709
28159606	222	227	bones	T023	C0262950
28159606	229	235	joints	T030	C0022417
28159606	241	246	teeth	T023	C0040426
28159606	256	265	restoring	T061	C1283255
28159606	266	273	patient	T101	C0030705
28159606	274	282	function	T169	C0542341
28159606	283	293	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28159606	297	304	disease	T047	C0012634
28159606	308	314	injury	T037	C3263722
28159606	334	340	device	T074	C0025080
28159606	341	348	success	T080	C0679864
28159606	349	354	rates	T081	C1521828
28159606	369	373	high	T080	C0205250
28159606	375	382	patient	T101	C0030705
28159606	383	391	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28159606	406	417	compromised	T033	C2945640
28159606	425	431	device	T074	C0025080
28159606	441	449	problems	T033	C0033213
28159606	458	470	insufficient	T080	C0231180
28159606	471	482	integration	T080	C0205195
28159606	484	489	local	T082	C1947913
28159606	490	496	tissue	T024	C0040300
28159606	497	509	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28159606	515	524	infection	T046	C3714514
28159606	531	540	different	T080	C1705242
28159606	550	557	surface	T082	C0205148
28159606	558	566	coatings	T080	C1522408
28159606	577	586	developed	T169	C1527148
28159606	604	616	shortcomings	T169	C1457869
28159606	618	627	including	T169	C0332257
28159606	639	650	incorporate	T052	C2700399
28159606	651	669	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
28159606	673	680	provide	T052	C1999230
28159606	681	690	localized	T082	C1947913
28159606	691	699	delivery	T169	C1705822
28159606	707	720	surgical site	T082	C0449681
28159606	734	742	coatings	T080	C1522408
28159606	748	756	enormous	T080	C0205250
28159606	757	766	potential	T080	C3245505
28159606	771	780	improving	T080	C1272745
28159606	781	787	device	T074	C0025080
28159606	788	796	function	T169	C0542341
28159606	810	822	requirements	T169	C1514873
28159606	831	836	ideal	T080	C1512612
28159606	837	848	combination	T080	C0205195
28159606	849	856	coating	T080	C1522408
28159606	873	882	extensive	T080	C0205231
28159606	891	897	single	T081	C0205171
28159606	898	905	coating	T080	C1522408
28159606	906	912	system	T169	C0449913
28159606	919	933	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
28159606	955	963	criteria	T078	C0243161
28159606	977	984	primary	T080	C0205225
28159606	985	995	challenges	T201	C0798503
28159606	1007	1014	current	T079	C0521116
28159606	1015	1023	coatings	T080	C1522408
28159606	1028	1039	non-optimal	T080	C0205556
28159606	1040	1047	release	T169	C1283071
28159606	1048	1056	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28159606	1064	1068	most	T081	C0205393
28159606	1069	1074	often	T079	C0332183
28159606	1083	1088	rapid	T080	C0456962
28159606	1094	1103	potential	T080	C3245505
28159606	1108	1116	inducing	T169	C0205263
28159606	1117	1138	antibiotic resistance	T046	C0860044
28159606	1142	1148	target	T169	C1521840
28159606	1149	1158	organisms	T001	C0029235
28159606	1160	1164	high	T080	C0205250
28159606	1165	1179	susceptibility	T032	C0220898
28159606	1183	1202	mechanical abrasion	T067	C0563595
28159606	1207	1219	delamination	T061	C0441514
28159606	1221	1229	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28159606	1231	1240	difficult	T080	C0332218
28159606	1245	1254	expensive	T081	C0392762
28159606	1255	1283	regulatory approval pathways	T169	C1514829
28159606	1289	1293	high	T080	C0205250
28159606	1294	1307	manufacturing	T057	C0870840
28159606	1308	1313	costs	T081	C0010186
28159606	1320	1326	review	T170	C0282443
28159606	1327	1335	provides	T052	C1999230
28159606	1338	1344	survey	T170	C0038951
28159606	1352	1356	most	T081	C0205393
28159606	1357	1363	recent	T079	C0332185
28159606	1364	1376	developments	T169	C1527148
28159606	1384	1389	field	T077	C1521738
28159606	1403	1412	published	T057	C0034037
28159606	1442	1458	particular focus	T041	C0004268
28159606	1462	1474	technologies	T090	C0039421
28159606	1485	1494	potential	T080	C3245505
28159606	1499	1509	overcoming	T052	C2983310
28159606	1514	1518	most	T081	C0205393
28159606	1519	1530	significant	T078	C0750502
28159606	1531	1541	challenges	T201	C0798503
28159606	1549	1564	therapeutically	T169	C0302350
28159606	1567	1573	loaded	T081	C0870301
28159606	1574	1582	coatings	T080	C1522408
28159606	1590	1599	concluded	T078	C1707478
28159606	1609	1614	ideal	T080	C1512612
28159606	1615	1622	coating	T080	C1522408
28159606	1645	1651	target	T169	C1521840
28159606	1662	1670	advances	T079	C3854260
28159606	1678	1683	field	T077	C1521738
28159606	1697	1709	technologies	T090	C0039421
28159606	1736	1743	reality	T078	C0871222
28159606	1749	1760	significant	T078	C0750502
28159606	1761	1767	amount	T081	C1265611
28159606	1771	1779	research	T062	C0035168
28159606	1780	1788	currentl	T079	C0521116
28159606	1814	1819	field	T077	C1521738
28159606	1820	1828	provides	T052	C1999230
28159606	1840	1848	optimism	T041	C0237428
28159606	1859	1869	functional	T169	C0542341
28159606	1870	1881	combination	T080	C0205195
28159606	1882	1889	coating	T080	C1522408
28159606	1897	1907	ultimately	T079	C3853528
28159606	1908	1918	transition	T052	C2700061
28159606	1924	1941	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
28159606	1943	1954	significant	T078	C0750502
28159606	1958	1967	improving	T080	C1272745
28159606	1968	1975	patient	T101	C0030705
28159606	1976	1984	outcomes	T080	C0085415

28159617|t|A brief comparative review of primate posterior parietal cortex: A novel hypothesis on the human toolmaker
28159617|a|The primate visual system contains two major cortical pathways: a ventral-temporal pathway that has been associated with object processing and recognition, and a dorsal-parietal pathway that has been associated with spatial processing and action guidance. Our understanding of the role of the dorsal pathway, in particular, has greatly evolved within the framework of the two-pathway hypothesis since its original conception. Here, we present a comparative review of the primate dorsal pathway in humans and monkeys based on electrophysiological, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and neuroanatomical studies. We consider similarities and differences across species in terms of the topographic representation of visual space; specificity for eye, reaching, or grasping movements; multi-modal response properties; and the representation of objects and tools. We also review the relative anatomical location of functionally - and topographically-defined regions of the posterior parietal cortex. An emerging theme from this comparative analysis is that non-spatial information is represented to a greater degree, and with increased complexity, in the human dorsal visual system. We propose that non-spatial information in the primate parietal cortex contributes to the perception-to-action system aimed at manipulating objects in peripersonal space. In humans, this network has expanded in multiple ways, including the development of a dorsal object vision system mirroring the complexity of the ventral stream, the integration of object information with parietal working memory systems, and the emergence of tool-specific object representations in the anterior intraparietal sulcus and regions of the inferior parietal lobe. We propose that these evolutionary changes have enabled the emergence of human-specific behaviors, such as the sophisticated use of tools.
28159617	8	26	comparative review	T170	C0282441
28159617	30	37	primate	T015	C0033147
28159617	38	63	posterior parietal cortex	T023	C3853037
28159617	73	83	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28159617	91	96	human	T016	C0086418
28159617	97	106	toolmaker	T023	C3853037
28159617	111	118	primate	T015	C0033147
28159617	119	132	visual system	T022	C3536733
28159617	152	160	cortical	T023	C0007776
28159617	161	169	pathways	T023	C0042829
28159617	173	197	ventral-temporal pathway	T023	C0042829
28159617	228	245	object processing	T041	C0025361
28159617	250	261	recognition	T041	C0524637
28159617	269	292	dorsal-parietal pathway	T023	C0042829
28159617	323	341	spatial processing	T041	C3850026
28159617	346	361	action guidance	T041	C0025361
28159617	400	414	dorsal pathway	T023	C0042829
28159617	443	450	evolved	T169	C0332253
28159617	479	501	two-pathway hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28159617	552	570	comparative review	T170	C0282441
28159617	578	585	primate	T015	C0033147
28159617	586	600	dorsal pathway	T023	C0042829
28159617	604	610	humans	T016	C0086418
28159617	615	622	monkeys	T015	C0026447
28159617	632	652	electrophysiological	T060	C0850293
28159617	654	666	neuroimaging	T060	C0679575
28159617	668	686	neuropsychological	T060	C0430022
28159617	692	715	neuroanatomical studies	T060	C0430022
28159617	765	772	species	T185	C1705920
28159617	789	815	topographic representation	T041	C0681317
28159617	819	831	visual space	T082	C1254362
28159617	849	852	eye	T023	C0015392
28159617	854	862	reaching	T040	C2584321
28159617	867	885	grasping movements	T040	C0026649
28159617	887	918	multi-modal response properties	T080	C0871161
28159617	928	942	representation	T052	C1882932
28159617	946	953	objects	T072	C0347997
28159617	958	963	tools	T072	C0347997
28159617	993	1012	anatomical location	T029	C0923870
28159617	1016	1028	functionally	T023	C1180135
28159617	1035	1066	topographically-defined regions	T023	C1180135
28159617	1074	1099	posterior parietal cortex	T023	C3853037
28159617	1129	1149	comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
28159617	1158	1181	non-spatial information	T078	C1533716
28159617	1237	1247	complexity	T041	C0237521
28159617	1256	1261	human	T016	C0086418
28159617	1262	1282	dorsal visual system	T022	C3536733
28159617	1300	1323	non-spatial information	T078	C1533716
28159617	1331	1338	primate	T015	C0033147
28159617	1339	1354	parietal cortex	T023	C0030560
28159617	1374	1401	perception-to-action system	T022	C0460002
28159617	1411	1431	manipulating objects	T041	C0025361
28159617	1435	1453	peripersonal space	T082	C1254362
28159617	1458	1464	humans	T016	C0086418
28159617	1471	1478	network	T022	C0460002
28159617	1524	1535	development	T040	C0678723
28159617	1541	1568	dorsal object vision system	T022	C3536733
28159617	1583	1593	complexity	T041	C0237521
28159617	1601	1615	ventral stream	T023	C0042829
28159617	1660	1668	parietal	T082	C0442030
28159617	1677	1691	memory systems	T022	C0460002
28159617	1714	1750	tool-specific object representations	T041	C0681317
28159617	1758	1766	anterior	T082	C0205094
28159617	1767	1787	intraparietal sulcus	T030	C0228213
28159617	1807	1829	inferior parietal lobe	T023	C0030560
28159617	1853	1865	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
28159617	1866	1873	changes	T169	C0392747
28159617	1904	1928	human-specific behaviors	T055	C3826173
28159617	1956	1968	use of tools	T033	C0871532

28160133|t|Cardioprotective kinase signaling to subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondria is mediated by caveolar structures
28160133|a|The demonstration that caveolin-3 overexpression reduces myocardial ischemia / reperfusion injury and our own finding that multiprotein signaling complexes increase in mitochondria in association with caveolin-3 levels, led us to investigate the contribution of caveolae -driven extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 / 2 (ERK1 / 2) on maintaining the function of cardiac mitochondrial subpopulations from reperfused hearts subjected to postconditioning (PostC). Rat hearts were isolated and subjected to ischemia / reperfusion and to PostC. Enhanced cardiac function, reduced infarct size and preserved ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes were associated with increased formation of caveolar structures, augmented levels of caveolin-3 and mitochondrial ERK1 / 2 activation in PostC hearts in both subsarcolemmal (SSM) and interfibrillar (IFM) subpopulations. Disruption of caveolae with methyl-β-cyclodextrin abolished cardioprotection in PostC hearts and diminished pho-ERK1/2 gold - labeling in both mitochondrial subpopulations in correlation with suppression of resistance to permeability transition pore opening. Also, differences between the mitochondrial subpopulations in the setting of PostC were evaluated. Caveolae disruption with methyl-β-cyclodextrin abolished the cardioprotective effect of postconditioning by inhibiting the interaction of ERK1 / 2 with mitochondria and promoted decline in mitochondrial function. SSM, which are particularly sensitive to reperfusion damage, take advantage of their location in cardiomyocyte boundary and benefit from the cardioprotective signaling driven by caveolae, avoiding injury propagation.
28160133	0	23	Cardioprotective kinase	T116,T126	C0033640
28160133	24	33	signaling	T044	C0037080
28160133	37	51	subsarcolemmal	T026	C4084944
28160133	56	83	interfibrillar mitochondria	T026	C4235305
28160133	99	118	caveolar structures	T026	C1817364
28160133	142	152	caveolin-3	T116,T192	C0386312
28160133	153	167	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28160133	168	175	reduces	T080	C0392756
28160133	176	195	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
28160133	198	216	reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
28160133	229	236	finding	T033	C0243095
28160133	242	274	multiprotein signaling complexes	T116,T123	C1335962
28160133	275	283	increase	T169	C0442805
28160133	287	299	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28160133	303	319	association with	T080	C0439849
28160133	320	330	caveolin-3	T116,T192	C0386312
28160133	331	337	levels	T080	C0441889
28160133	349	360	investigate	T169	C1292732
28160133	365	377	contribution	T052	C1880177
28160133	381	389	caveolae	T026	C0230653
28160133	398	438	extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1	T116,T126	C0082529
28160133	441	442	2	T116,T126	C0170168
28160133	444	448	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
28160133	451	452	2	T116,T126	C0170168
28160133	473	481	function	T039	C0031843
28160133	485	492	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28160133	493	521	mitochondrial subpopulations	T026	C0026237
28160133	527	537	reperfused	T037	C0035126
28160133	538	544	hearts	T023	C0018787
28160133	558	574	postconditioning	T061	C2936234
28160133	576	581	PostC	T061	C2936234
28160133	584	594	Rat hearts	T023	C1882687
28160133	600	608	isolated	T169	C0205409
28160133	626	634	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28160133	637	648	reperfusion	T037	C0035126
28160133	656	661	PostC	T061	C2936234
28160133	663	671	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
28160133	672	688	cardiac function	T042	C0232164
28160133	690	697	reduced	T080	C0392756
28160133	698	710	infarct size	T033	C2024782
28160133	725	739	ultrastructure	T078	C0041623
28160133	743	757	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28160133	763	778	associated with	T080	C0332281
28160133	779	788	increased	T081	C0205217
28160133	789	798	formation	T169	C1522492
28160133	802	821	caveolar structures	T026	C1817364
28160133	823	832	augmented	T081	C0205217
28160133	833	839	levels	T080	C0441889
28160133	843	853	caveolin-3	T116,T192	C0386312
28160133	858	876	mitochondrial ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
28160133	879	880	2	T116,T126	C0170168
28160133	881	891	activation	T044	C0014429
28160133	895	900	PostC	T061	C2936234
28160133	901	907	hearts	T023	C0018787
28160133	916	930	subsarcolemmal	T026	C4084944
28160133	932	935	SSM	T026	C4084944
28160133	941	976	interfibrillar (IFM) subpopulations	T026	C4235305
28160133	978	988	Disruption	T169	C0332453
28160133	992	1000	caveolae	T026	C0230653
28160133	1006	1027	methyl-β-cyclodextrin	T109	C0667093
28160133	1028	1054	abolished cardioprotection	T033	C0243095
28160133	1058	1063	PostC	T061	C2936234
28160133	1064	1070	hearts	T023	C0018787
28160133	1075	1085	diminished	T081	C0205216
28160133	1086	1096	pho-ERK1/2	T116,T126	C0752312
28160133	1097	1101	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
28160133	1104	1112	labeling	T059	C0022885
28160133	1121	1149	mitochondrial subpopulations	T026	C0026237
28160133	1153	1164	correlation	T080	C1707520
28160133	1170	1181	suppression	T169	C0205245
28160133	1185	1195	resistance	T169	C4281815
28160133	1199	1235	permeability transition pore opening	T043	C3158983
28160133	1267	1295	mitochondrial subpopulations	T026	C0026237
28160133	1314	1319	PostC	T061	C2936234
28160133	1325	1334	evaluated	T078	C1550157
28160133	1336	1344	Caveolae	T026	C0230653
28160133	1345	1355	disruption	T169	C0332453
28160133	1361	1382	methyl-β-cyclodextrin	T109	C0667093
28160133	1397	1413	cardioprotective	T033	C0243095
28160133	1414	1420	effect	T080	C1280500
28160133	1424	1440	postconditioning	T061	C2936234
28160133	1444	1454	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28160133	1459	1470	interaction	T169	C1704675
28160133	1474	1478	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
28160133	1481	1482	2	T116,T126	C0170168
28160133	1488	1500	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28160133	1525	1547	mitochondrial function	T169	C0542341
28160133	1549	1552	SSM	T026	C4084944
28160133	1577	1586	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28160133	1590	1608	reperfusion damage	T037	C0035126
28160133	1634	1642	location	T082	C0450429
28160133	1646	1659	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
28160133	1660	1668	boundary	T077	C2327423
28160133	1673	1680	benefit	T081	C0814225
28160133	1690	1716	cardioprotective signaling	T044	C0037080
28160133	1727	1735	caveolae	T026	C0230653
28160133	1746	1764	injury propagation	T067	C1522240

28160280|t|Medication Overuse Headache: Pathophysiological Insights from Structural and Functional Brain MRI Research
28160280|a|Research imaging of brain structure and function has helped to elucidate the pathophysiology of medication overuse headache (MOH). This is a narrative review of imaging research studies that have investigated brain structural and functional alterations associated with MOH. Studies included in this review have investigated abnormal structure and function of pain processing regions in people with MOH, functional patterns that might predispose individuals to development of MOH, similarity of brain functional patterns in patients with MOH to those found in people with addiction, brain structure that could predict headache improvement following discontinuation of the overused medication, and changes in brain structure and function after discontinuation of medication overuse. MOH is associated with atypical structure and function of brain regions responsible for pain processing as well as brain regions that are commonly implicated in addiction. Several studies have shown "normalization" of structure and function in pain processing regions following discontinuation of the overused medication and resolution of MOH. However, some of the abnormalities in regions also implicated in addiction tend to persist following discontinuation of the overused medication, suggesting that they are a brain trait that predisposes certain individuals to medication overuse and MOH.
28160280	0	27	Medication Overuse Headache	T046	C2349423
28160280	29	47	Pathophysiological	T169	C0031847
28160280	62	72	Structural	T082	C0678594
28160280	77	87	Functional	T169	C0205245
28160280	88	93	Brain	T023	C0006104
28160280	94	97	MRI	T060	C0024485
28160280	98	106	Research	T062	C0035168
28160280	107	115	Research	T062	C0035168
28160280	116	123	imaging	T060	C0024485
28160280	127	142	brain structure	T023	C0006104
28160280	147	155	function	T042	C0678908
28160280	184	199	pathophysiology	T046	C0277785
28160280	203	230	medication overuse headache	T046	C2349423
28160280	232	235	MOH	T046	C2349423
28160280	268	275	imaging	T060	C0024485
28160280	276	284	research	T062	C0035168
28160280	285	292	studies	T062	C2603343
28160280	316	321	brain	T023	C0006104
28160280	322	332	structural	UnknownType	C0549658
28160280	337	359	functional alterations	T046	C0277785
28160280	376	379	MOH	T046	C2349423
28160280	381	388	Studies	T062	C2603343
28160280	431	439	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28160280	440	449	structure	T082	C0678594
28160280	454	462	function	T169	C0542341
28160280	466	470	pain	T184	C0030193
28160280	493	499	people	T098	C0027361
28160280	505	508	MOH	T046	C2349423
28160280	510	529	functional patterns	T169	C0205245
28160280	552	563	individuals	T098	C0237401
28160280	582	585	MOH	T046	C2349423
28160280	601	606	brain	T023	C0006104
28160280	607	626	functional patterns	T169	C0205245
28160280	630	638	patients	T101	C0030705
28160280	644	647	MOH	T046	C2349423
28160280	666	672	people	T098	C0027361
28160280	678	687	addiction	T048	C0085281
28160280	689	704	brain structure	T023	C0006104
28160280	724	732	headache	T184	C0018681
28160280	755	770	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
28160280	787	797	medication	T058	C2081612
28160280	814	829	brain structure	T023	C0006104
28160280	834	842	function	T169	C0542341
28160280	849	864	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
28160280	868	878	medication	T058	C2081612
28160280	879	886	overuse	T055	C3266697
28160280	888	891	MOH	T046	C2349423
28160280	920	929	structure	T082	C0678594
28160280	934	942	function	T169	C0542341
28160280	946	959	brain regions	T023	C0006104
28160280	976	980	pain	T184	C0030193
28160280	1003	1016	brain regions	T023	C0006104
28160280	1049	1058	addiction	T048	C0085281
28160280	1068	1075	studies	T062	C2603343
28160280	1106	1115	structure	T082	C0678594
28160280	1120	1128	function	T169	C0542341
28160280	1132	1136	pain	T184	C0030193
28160280	1166	1181	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
28160280	1198	1208	medication	T058	C2081612
28160280	1227	1230	MOH	T046	C2349423
28160280	1253	1266	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28160280	1297	1306	addiction	T048	C0085281
28160280	1333	1348	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
28160280	1365	1375	medication	T058	C2081612
28160280	1404	1409	brain	T023	C0006104
28160280	1441	1452	individuals	T098	C0237401
28160280	1456	1466	medication	T058	C2081612
28160280	1467	1474	overuse	T055	C3266697
28160280	1479	1482	MOH	T046	C2349423

28160457|t|Associations between human breast milk hormones and adipocytokines and infant growth and body composition in the first 6 months of life
28160457|a|Much is to be learnt about human breast milk (HBM). The purpose of this study is to extend our knowledge of HBM by investigating the role of maternal body mass index (BMI), sex and stage of lactation (month 1 vs. 6) on HBM insulin, glucose, leptin, IL-6 and TNF-α and their associations with infant body composition. Thirty-seven exclusively breastfeeding infants (n = 37; 16♀, 21♂), and their mothers (19-47 kg m(-2)) were studied at 1 and 6 months of lactation. Infants had body composition measured (using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and HBM collected. A significant interaction between maternal BMI and infant sex on insulin levels (p = 0.0322) was observed such that insulin was 229% higher in obese mothers nursing female infants than in normal weight mothers nursing female infants and 179% higher than obese mothers nursing male infants. For leptin, a significant association with BMI category was observed (p < 0.0001) such that overweight and obese mothers had 96.5% and 315.1% higher leptin levels than normal weight mothers, respectively. Leptin was also found to have a significant (p = 0.0004) 33.7% decrease from months 1 to 6, controlling for BMI category and sex. A significant inverse relationship between month 1 leptin levels and infant length (p = 0.0257), percent fat (p = 0.0223), total fat mass (p = 0.0226) and trunk fat mass (p = 0.0111) at month 6 was also found. No associations or interactions were observed for glucose, TNF-α or IL-6. These data demonstrate that maternal BMI, infant sex and stage of lactation affect the compositional make-up of insulin and leptin.
28160457	0	12	Associations	T080	C0439849
28160457	21	38	human breast milk	T109,T121	C0885503
28160457	39	47	hormones	T125	C0019932
28160457	52	66	adipocytokines	T116,T123	C1955907
28160457	71	84	infant growth	T039	C0205714
28160457	89	105	body composition	T032	C0005885
28160457	113	135	first 6 months of life	T033	C3280927
28160457	163	180	human breast milk	T109,T121	C0885503
28160457	182	185	HBM	T109,T121	C0885503
28160457	244	247	HBM	T109,T121	C0885503
28160457	277	285	maternal	T033	C1858460
28160457	286	301	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28160457	303	306	BMI	T201	C1305855
28160457	309	312	sex	T032	C0079399
28160457	317	335	stage of lactation	T042	C0022925
28160457	355	358	HBM	T109,T121	C0885503
28160457	359	366	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28160457	368	375	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28160457	377	383	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28160457	385	389	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28160457	394	399	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28160457	410	422	associations	T080	C0439849
28160457	428	434	infant	T100	C0021270
28160457	435	451	body composition	T032	C0005885
28160457	478	499	breastfeeding infants	T033	C1623041
28160457	530	537	mothers	T033	C1623040
28160457	589	598	lactation	T042	C0022925
28160457	600	607	Infants	T100	C0021270
28160457	612	637	body composition measured	T201	C1285593
28160457	645	677	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
28160457	683	686	HBM	T109,T121	C0885503
28160457	712	723	interaction	T169	C1704675
28160457	732	740	maternal	T033	C1858460
28160457	741	744	BMI	T201	C1305855
28160457	749	759	infant sex	T032	C0079399
28160457	763	777	insulin levels	T059	C0202098
28160457	814	837	insulin was 229% higher	T034	C0428405
28160457	841	846	obese	T047	C0028754
28160457	847	854	mothers	T099	C0026591
28160457	863	877	female infants	T033	C2222300
28160457	886	899	normal weight	T033	C2712185
28160457	900	907	mothers	T099	C0026591
28160457	908	915	nursing	T040	C0006147
28160457	908	915	nursing	T040	C0006147
28160457	916	930	female infants	T033	C2222300
28160457	952	957	obese	T047	C0028754
28160457	958	965	mothers	T099	C0026591
28160457	974	986	male infants	T033	C2216472
28160457	992	998	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28160457	1014	1025	association	T080	C0439849
28160457	1031	1034	BMI	T201	C1305855
28160457	1080	1090	overweight	T184	C0497406
28160457	1095	1100	obese	T047	C0028754
28160457	1101	1108	mothers	T099	C0026591
28160457	1130	1150	higher leptin levels	T033	C2747815
28160457	1156	1169	normal weight	T033	C2712185
28160457	1170	1177	mothers	T099	C0026591
28160457	1193	1199	Leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28160457	1301	1304	BMI	T201	C1305855
28160457	1318	1321	sex	T032	C0079399
28160457	1337	1344	inverse	T080	C0439850
28160457	1345	1357	relationship	T080	C0439849
28160457	1374	1380	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28160457	1381	1387	levels	T080	C0441889
28160457	1392	1405	infant length	T033	C0455806
28160457	1420	1431	percent fat	T033	C0518026
28160457	1446	1460	total fat mass	T032	C3656665
28160457	1478	1492	trunk fat mass	T032	C3656665
28160457	1536	1548	associations	T080	C0439849
28160457	1552	1564	interactions	T169	C1704675
28160457	1583	1590	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28160457	1592	1597	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28160457	1601	1605	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28160457	1635	1643	maternal	T033	C1858460
28160457	1644	1647	BMI	T201	C1305855
28160457	1649	1655	infant	T100	C0021270
28160457	1656	1659	sex	T032	C0079399
28160457	1664	1682	stage of lactation	T042	C0022925
28160457	1719	1726	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28160457	1731	1737	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583

28160787|t|Legislation, policies and guidelines related to breastfeeding and the Baby Friendly Health Initiative in Australia: a document analysis
28160787|a|Objectives The aim of the present study was to assess the extent to which publicly available legislation, policy and guidelines related to breastfeeding and the Baby Friendly Health Initiative (BFHI) underpin and support the uptake and implementation of the BFHI in Australia .Methods Altheide's document analysis model (sample, data collection, data organisation, data analysis and report) was used to source and analyse publicly available legislation, policies and guidelines in Australia that were related to breastfeeding and the BFHI at national, state and professional organisational levels .Results Legislation documents contained no direct references to the BFHI or Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, despite the documents being supportive of breastfeeding. There is little reference to the Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes or to monitoring of the Marketing in Australia of Infant Formulae (MAIF) Agreement at national and state levels. A gap exists in documents that provide up-to-date records regarding monitoring of breastfeeding rates at the national level .Conclusions National and state guidelines are supportive of breastfeeding and the BFHI. However, the BFHI and Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes are not legislated in Australia and information related to breastfeeding rates is not up to date. A legislative establishment supporting the Code and establishing plans to monitor the MAIF Agreement and breastfeeding outcomes may influence uptake and implementation of the BFHI .What is known about the topic? Extensive evidence supports the health and economic benefits of breastfeeding. Despite a high initiation rate of breastfeeding in Australia (96%) most recently reported in 2010, the rate of breastfed infants dropped considerably over time: approximately 15% of infants were breastfed for the recommended 6 months. Research supports the positive effect of the BFHI on increasing breastfeeding rates and improving breastfeeding outcomes. In 2016, there are 69 Baby-friendly-accredited maternity facilities across Australia, compared with 77 accredited facilities in 2011 (~23% of all maternity facilities).What does this paper add? This is the first document analysis of publicly available legislation, policy and guidelines related to breastfeeding and the BFHI at Australian national, state and professional organisational levels to assess the extent to which these documents support breastfeeding, as well as the uptake and implementation of the BFHI. This study identifies strengths and weaknesses at legislative, policy and guideline levels that could potentially influence the uptake and implementation of the BFHI .What are the implications for practitioners? The uptake and implementation of the BFHI is potentially influenced by legislation, policy and guidelines at national and state levels. Given the low uptake of the BFHI in Australia, this analysis outlines the extent to which these documents support breastfeeding and the BFHI, and indicates what these documents lack with regard to supporting the uptake and implementation of the BFHI.
28160787	0	11	Legislation	T170	C0600657
28160787	13	21	policies	T170	C0242456
28160787	26	36	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28160787	48	61	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	70	101	Baby Friendly Health Initiative	T058	C1254363
28160787	105	114	Australia	T083	C0004340
28160787	118	135	document analysis	T062	C0936012
28160787	229	240	legislation	T170	C0600657
28160787	242	248	policy	T170	C0242456
28160787	253	263	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28160787	275	288	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	297	328	Baby Friendly Health Initiative	T058	C1254363
28160787	330	334	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	372	386	implementation	T052	C1708476
28160787	394	398	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	402	411	Australia	T083	C0004340
28160787	421	455	Altheide's document analysis model	T170	C0282574
28160787	457	463	sample	T062,T170	C0036150
28160787	465	480	data collection	T062	C0010995
28160787	482	499	data organisation	T062	C0242481
28160787	501	514	data analysis	T057	C0010992
28160787	519	525	report	T062	C0011000
28160787	539	545	source	T033	C0449416
28160787	550	557	analyse	T062	C0936012
28160787	577	588	legislation	T170	C0600657
28160787	590	598	policies	T170	C0242456
28160787	603	613	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28160787	617	626	Australia	T083	C0004340
28160787	648	661	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	670	674	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	678	686	national	T082	C0681788
28160787	688	693	state	UnknownType	C0683927
28160787	698	732	professional organisational levels	T097	C0679924
28160787	742	763	Legislation documents	T170	C1301746
28160787	802	806	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	810	854	Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes	T170	C0027458
28160787	868	877	documents	T170	C1301746
28160787	898	911	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	946	990	Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes	T170	C0027458
28160787	1015	1073	Marketing in Australia of Infant Formulae (MAIF) Agreement	UnknownType	C0680895
28160787	1077	1085	national	T082	C0681788
28160787	1090	1102	state levels	UnknownType	C0683927
28160787	1120	1129	documents	T170	C1301746
28160787	1186	1199	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	1213	1227	national level	T082	C0681788
28160787	1241	1249	National	T082	C0681788
28160787	1254	1259	state	UnknownType	C0683927
28160787	1260	1270	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28160787	1289	1302	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	1311	1315	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	1330	1334	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	1339	1383	Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes	T170	C0027458
28160787	1392	1402	legislated	T170	C0600657
28160787	1406	1415	Australia	T083	C0004340
28160787	1443	1456	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	1484	1495	legislative	T170	C0600657
28160787	1568	1582	MAIF Agreement	UnknownType	C0680895
28160787	1587	1600	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	1635	1649	implementation	T052	C1708476
28160787	1657	1661	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	1726	1732	health	T081	C0086387
28160787	1737	1754	economic benefits	T169	C0013557
28160787	1758	1771	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	1807	1820	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	1824	1833	Australia	T083	C0004340
28160787	1854	1862	reported	T058	C0700287
28160787	1884	1893	breastfed	T040	C0006147
28160787	1894	1901	infants	T100	C0021270
28160787	1955	1962	infants	T100	C0021270
28160787	1968	1977	breastfed	T040	C0006147
28160787	2008	2025	Research supports	T081	C0035176
28160787	2053	2057	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	2072	2085	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	2106	2119	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	2152	2197	Baby-friendly-accredited maternity facilities	T170	C0282574
28160787	2205	2214	Australia	T083	C0004340
28160787	2233	2254	accredited facilities	T170	C0282574
28160787	2276	2296	maternity facilities	T058	C0033052
28160787	2342	2359	document analysis	T062	C0936012
28160787	2382	2393	legislation	T170	C0600657
28160787	2395	2401	policy	T170	C0242456
28160787	2406	2416	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28160787	2428	2441	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	2450	2454	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	2458	2468	Australian	T083	C0004340
28160787	2469	2477	national	T082	C0681788
28160787	2479	2484	state	UnknownType	C0683927
28160787	2489	2523	professional organisational levels	T097	C0679924
28160787	2560	2569	documents	T170	C1301746
28160787	2578	2591	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	2619	2633	implementation	T052	C1708476
28160787	2641	2645	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	2697	2708	legislative	T170	C0600657
28160787	2710	2716	policy	T170	C0242456
28160787	2721	2737	guideline levels	T170	C0162791
28160787	2786	2800	implementation	T052	C1708476
28160787	2808	2812	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	2844	2857	practitioners	T097	C1709627
28160787	2874	2888	implementation	T052	C1708476
28160787	2896	2900	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	2930	2941	legislation	T170	C0600657
28160787	2943	2949	policy	T170	C0242456
28160787	2954	2964	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28160787	2968	2976	national	T082	C0681788
28160787	2981	2993	state levels	UnknownType	C0683927
28160787	3023	3027	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	3031	3040	Australia	T083	C0004340
28160787	3047	3055	analysis	T062	C0936012
28160787	3091	3100	documents	T170	C1301746
28160787	3109	3122	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28160787	3131	3135	BFHI	T058	C1254363
28160787	3162	3171	documents	T170	C1301746
28160787	3218	3232	implementation	T052	C1708476
28160787	3240	3244	BFHI	T058	C1254363

28161405|t|Neo-yoke repair for severe hypospadias: A simple modification for better outcome
28161405|a|Although staged repair for reconstructing severe hypospadias is more popular, various one-stage repairs have been attempted. Koyanagi repair (parameatal-based and fully extended circumferential foreskin flap urethroplasty) has enabled correction of severe hypospadias in one stage. However, its un-acceptably high incidence of complications has initiated a series of technical modifications, including the "yoke" repair. To retrospectively analyze the outcome of a proposed modification of the originally described yoke repair, for patients with severe hypospadias. This modification was developed to reduce complications. Over 4 years (between Jan 2011 and Jan 2015), all cases of severe hypospadias were included in this study; except those with prior attempts at repair, circumcised cases, and cases with severe hypogonadism - because of partial androgen insensitivity - not responding to hormonal manipulations. The make-up of the neo-urethra in this modification is the urethral plate with its spongiosal tissue proximally, a circum-coronal preputial pedicled flap in the middle, and an incorporated part of the augmented preputial flap and the preserved V-shaped glanular urethra, distally. Close postoperative follow-up was conducted to investigate the outcome. Thirty-one children with a median age of 32.48 months had repair of severe hypospadias using the neo-yoke technique. After a median follow-up of 26.7 months, the overall complication rate was 16.1%. Four children developed urethrocutaneous fistula (12.9%). Meatal drop-back occurred in one case (3.2%). No meatal stenosis or urethral sacculation was detected during follow-up of the studied group. Almost all cases had cosmetically appealing outlook. Single-staged repair of severe hypospadias using parameatal foreskin - based urethroplasty has passed through different modifications, all aimed at optimizing the outcome (Table). Neo-yoke repair for severe hypospadias is a natural development of established one-stage techniques, which resulted in better mid-term outcomes. However, an extended study is needed to declare the long-term results.
28161405	0	15	Neo-yoke repair	T061	C0087111
28161405	20	26	severe	T080	C0205082
28161405	27	38	hypospadias	T047	C0848558
28161405	49	61	modification	T169	C0392747
28161405	49	61	modification	T169	C0392747
28161405	66	72	better	T080	C0332272
28161405	73	80	outcome	T080	C0085415
28161405	90	103	staged repair	T061	C0087111
28161405	123	129	severe	T080	C0205082
28161405	130	141	hypospadias	T047	C0848558
28161405	159	166	various	T081	C0439064
28161405	167	184	one-stage repairs	T061	C0087111
28161405	195	204	attempted	T051	C1516084
28161405	206	221	Koyanagi repair	T061	C0087111
28161405	223	239	parameatal-based	T082	C0442152
28161405	244	249	fully	T080	C0443225
28161405	250	258	extended	T082	C0231449
28161405	259	274	circumferential	T082	C0205113
28161405	275	283	foreskin	T023	C0227952
28161405	284	302	flap urethroplasty	T061	C0401687
28161405	316	326	correction	T169	C1947976
28161405	330	336	severe	T080	C0205082
28161405	337	361	hypospadias in one stage	T061	C2095353
28161405	376	389	un-acceptably	T080	C1883420
28161405	390	394	high	T080	C0205250
28161405	395	404	incidence	T081	C0021149
28161405	408	421	complications	T046	C0009566
28161405	426	435	initiated	T169	C1704686
28161405	438	444	series	T081	C0205549
28161405	448	457	technical	T169	C0449851
28161405	458	471	modifications	T169	C0392747
28161405	487	500	"yoke" repair	T061	C0087111
28161405	505	520	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28161405	521	528	analyze	T062	C0936012
28161405	533	540	outcome	T080	C0085415
28161405	546	554	proposed	T080	C1553874
28161405	555	567	modification	T169	C0392747
28161405	586	595	described	T078	C1552738
28161405	596	607	yoke repair	T061	C0087111
28161405	613	621	patients	T101	C0030705
28161405	627	633	severe	T080	C0205082
28161405	634	645	hypospadias	T047	C0848558
28161405	652	664	modification	T169	C0392747
28161405	682	688	reduce	T080	C0392756
28161405	689	702	complications	T046	C0009566
28161405	750	753	all	T081	C0444868
28161405	754	759	cases	T169	C0868928
28161405	763	769	severe	T080	C0205082
28161405	770	781	hypospadias	T047	C0848558
28161405	787	795	included	T169	C0332257
28161405	804	809	study	T062	C2603343
28161405	829	834	prior	T079	C0332152
28161405	835	853	attempts at repair	T061	C0087111
28161405	855	866	circumcised	T033	C0920194
28161405	867	872	cases	T169	C0868928
28161405	878	883	cases	T169	C0868928
28161405	889	895	severe	T080	C0205082
28161405	896	908	hypogonadism	T047	C0020619
28161405	922	952	partial androgen insensitivity	T047	C0268301
28161405	955	969	not responding	T033	C3845159
28161405	973	995	hormonal manipulations	T061	C0586971
28161405	1016	1027	neo-urethra	T023	C0041967
28161405	1036	1048	modification	T169	C0392747
28161405	1056	1070	urethral plate	T023	C0440785
28161405	1080	1108	spongiosal tissue proximally	T024	C0040300
28161405	1112	1150	circum-coronal preputial pedicled flap	T023	C2930680
28161405	1158	1164	middle	T082	C0444598
28161405	1186	1190	part	T023	C0229962
28161405	1198	1222	augmented preputial flap	T023	C0440927
28161405	1231	1240	preserved	T059	C0033085
28161405	1241	1266	V-shaped glanular urethra	T023	C0041967
28161405	1268	1276	distally	T082	C0205108
28161405	1284	1307	postoperative follow-up	T058	C0032786
28161405	1325	1336	investigate	T169	C1292732
28161405	1341	1348	outcome	T080	C0085415
28161405	1361	1369	children	T100	C0008059
28161405	1377	1403	median age of 32.48 months	T032	C0001779
28161405	1408	1436	repair of severe hypospadias	T061	C0558337
28161405	1447	1465	neo-yoke technique	T061	C0087111
28161405	1500	1506	months	T079	C0439231
28161405	1512	1519	overall	T080	C1561607
28161405	1520	1532	complication	T046	C0009566
28161405	1533	1537	rate	T081	C1521828
28161405	1554	1562	children	T100	C0008059
28161405	1573	1597	urethrocutaneous fistula	UnknownType	C0749914
28161405	1607	1623	Meatal drop-back	T033	C0243095
28161405	1640	1644	case	T169	C0868928
28161405	1653	1671	No meatal stenosis	T033	C0497153
28161405	1675	1695	urethral sacculation	T033	C0497153
28161405	1700	1708	detected	T033	C0442726
28161405	1709	1715	during	T079	C0347984
28161405	1716	1725	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28161405	1733	1746	studied group	T101	C0030705
28161405	1755	1758	all	T081	C0444868
28161405	1759	1764	cases	T169	C0868928
28161405	1769	1799	cosmetically appealing outlook	T033	C0243095
28161405	1801	1843	Single-staged repair of severe hypospadias	T061	C2095353
28161405	1844	1849	using	T169	C1524063
28161405	1850	1869	parameatal foreskin	T023	C0227952
28161405	1872	1877	based	T169	C1527178
28161405	1878	1891	urethroplasty	T061	C0161922
28161405	1911	1920	different	T080	C1705242
28161405	1921	1934	modifications	T169	C0392747
28161405	1949	1959	optimizing	T052	C2698650
28161405	1964	1971	outcome	T080	C0085415
28161405	1981	1996	Neo-yoke repair	T061	C0087111
28161405	2001	2007	severe	T080	C0205082
28161405	2008	2019	hypospadias	T047	C0848558
28161405	2025	2032	natural	T169	C0205296
28161405	2033	2044	development	T169	C1527148
28161405	2048	2059	established	T080	C0443211
28161405	2060	2080	one-stage techniques	T061	C0087111
28161405	2088	2096	resulted	T169	C1274040
28161405	2100	2106	better	T080	C0332272
28161405	2107	2115	mid-term	T079	C1515273
28161405	2116	2124	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28161405	2138	2146	extended	T082	C0231449
28161405	2147	2152	study	T062	C2603343
28161405	2156	2162	needed	T080	C0027552
28161405	2178	2187	long-term	T079	C0443252
28161405	2188	2195	results	T169	C1274040

28161688|t|Exploring health education with midwives, as perceived by pregnant women in primary care: A qualitative study in the Netherlands
28161688|a|to explore the experiences, wishes and needs of pregnant women with respect to health education in primary care with midwives. qualitative semi-structured interview study, using thematic analysis and constant comparison. twenty-two pregnant women in midwife -led primary care, varying in socio-demographic characteristics, weeks of pregnancy and region of residence in the Netherlands, were interviewed between April and December 2013. women considered midwives to be the designated health caregivers for providing antenatal health education, and generally appreciated the information they had received from their midwives. Some women, however, believed the amount of verbal health information was insufficient; others that there was too much written information. Many women still had questions and expressed uncertainties regarding various health issues, such as weight gain, alcohol, and physical activity. They perceived their health education to be individualised according to their midwives ' assessments of the extent of their knowledge, as well as by the questions they asked themselves. A few were concerned that midwives may make incorrect assumptions about the extent of their knowledge. Women also varied in how comfortable they felt about contacting their midwives for questions between antenatal visits. Women felt that important qualities for midwives underlying health education, were making them feel at ease and building a relationship of trust with them. health education was highly appreciated by women in general, suggesting that midwives should err on the side of providing too much verbal information, as opposed to too little. A more pro-active approach with information provision may be of value not only to those with a clear desire for more information, but also to those who are unsure of what information they may be missing. As midwives are the principal health care providers throughout pregnancy ,they should ideally emphasise their availability for questions between antenatal visits.
28161688	10	26	health education	T065	C0018701
28161688	32	40	midwives	T097	C0026083
28161688	58	72	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28161688	76	88	primary care	T058	C0033137
28161688	92	109	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28161688	117	128	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
28161688	144	155	experiences	T041	C0596545
28161688	168	173	needs	T080	C0027552
28161688	177	191	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28161688	208	224	health education	T065	C0018701
28161688	228	240	primary care	T058	C0033137
28161688	246	254	midwives	T097	C0026083
28161688	284	293	interview	T052	C0021822
28161688	294	299	study	T062	C2603343
28161688	307	324	thematic analysis	T062	C0936012
28161688	338	348	comparison	T052	C1707455
28161688	361	375	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28161688	379	386	midwife	T097	C0026083
28161688	392	404	primary care	T058	C0033137
28161688	417	450	socio-demographic characteristics	T080	C1521970
28161688	452	457	weeks	T079	C0439230
28161688	461	470	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28161688	475	481	region	T083	C0017446
28161688	485	494	residence	T082	C0237096
28161688	502	513	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
28161688	520	531	interviewed	T052	C0021822
28161688	565	570	women	T098	C0043210
28161688	582	590	midwives	T097	C0026083
28161688	601	611	designated	T169	C1524084
28161688	612	629	health caregivers	T097	C0027363
28161688	644	653	antenatal	T079	C2828394
28161688	654	670	health education	T065	C0018701
28161688	702	713	information	T058	C0850397
28161688	743	751	midwives	T097	C0026083
28161688	758	763	women	T098	C0043210
28161688	797	803	verbal	T080	C0439824
28161688	804	822	health information	T058	C0850397
28161688	827	839	insufficient	T080	C0231180
28161688	872	879	written	T171	C0237440
28161688	880	891	information	T058	C0850397
28161688	898	903	women	T098	C0043210
28161688	938	951	uncertainties	T033	C0087130
28161688	970	983	health issues	T078	C2362508
28161688	993	1004	weight gain	T033	C0043094
28161688	1006	1013	alcohol	T055	C0001948
28161688	1019	1036	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28161688	1059	1075	health education	T065	C0018701
28161688	1116	1124	midwives	T097	C0026083
28161688	1162	1171	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28161688	1235	1244	concerned	T080	C0522474
28161688	1250	1258	midwives	T097	C0026083
28161688	1268	1277	incorrect	T080	C3827420
28161688	1278	1289	assumptions	T080	C1998467
28161688	1316	1325	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28161688	1327	1332	Women	T098	C0043210
28161688	1397	1405	midwives	T097	C0026083
28161688	1428	1437	antenatal	T079	C2828394
28161688	1438	1444	visits	T058	C0008952
28161688	1446	1451	Women	T098	C0043210
28161688	1486	1494	midwives	T097	C0026083
28161688	1506	1522	health education	T065	C0018701
28161688	1569	1581	relationship	T080	C0439849
28161688	1585	1590	trust	T054	C0237935
28161688	1602	1618	health education	T065	C0018701
28161688	1645	1650	women	T098	C0043210
28161688	1679	1687	midwives	T097	C0026083
28161688	1733	1739	verbal	T080	C0439824
28161688	1740	1751	information	T058	C0850397
28161688	1786	1805	pro-active approach	T082	C0449445
28161688	1811	1822	information	T058	C0850397
28161688	1896	1907	information	T058	C0850397
28161688	1950	1961	information	T058	C0850397
28161688	1986	1994	midwives	T097	C0026083
28161688	2013	2024	health care	T058	C0086388
28161688	2025	2034	providers	T097	C0018724
28161688	2046	2055	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28161688	2093	2105	availability	T169	C0470187
28161688	2128	2137	antenatal	T079	C2828394
28161688	2138	2144	visits	T058	C0008952

28161861|t|Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) rs2066853 gene polymorphism association with infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men and seminal oxidative stress
28161861|a|This study aimed to assess the association between aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) rs2066853 gene polymorphism with infertile oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT) men and seminal oxidative stress (OS). A total of 170 Egyptian men were allocated according to their semen analysis into fertile normozoospermic controls (n = 50) and infertile OAT men (n = 120). They were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, semen analysis, estimation of seminal glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). AhR rs2066853 gene polymorphism was identified in the blood by PCR - RFLP. Comparing infertile OAT men with fertile controls, AhR rs2066853 genotypes showed decreased prevalence for wild homozygous genotype GG (35.8 vs 56%) and for heterozygous genotype GA (17.5 vs 30%) and an increased prevalence for homozygous genotype AA (46.7 vs 14%). Distribution of alleles of AhR rs2066853 among OAT men compared with fertile men showed decreased prevalence of G allele (44.6 vs 71%) and an increased prevalence of A allele (55.4 vs 29%). Seminal MDA demonstrated significant increase whereas seminal GPx demonstrated significant decrease in cases with AA and GA / AA genotypes compared to cases with GG genotype. It is concluded that there is a significant association between AhR rs2066853 genotype polymorphism with decreased sperm parameters as well as increased seminal oxidative stress in infertile OAT men.
28161861	0	41	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) rs2066853	T028	C0596123
28161861	42	59	gene polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28161861	77	86	infertile	T046	C0021359
28161861	87	115	oligoasthenoteratozoospermic	T047	C0028960
28161861	116	119	men	T098	C0025266
28161861	124	131	seminal	T201	C1519232
28161861	132	148	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28161861	200	241	aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) rs2066853	T028	C0596123
28161861	242	259	gene polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28161861	265	274	infertile	T046	C0021359
28161861	275	303	oligoasthenoteratozoospermic	T047	C0028960
28161861	305	308	OAT	T047	C0028960
28161861	310	313	men	T098	C0025266
28161861	318	325	seminal	T201	C1519232
28161861	326	342	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28161861	344	346	OS	T049	C0242606
28161861	364	376	Egyptian men	T098	C0025266
28161861	411	425	semen analysis	T059	C0202533
28161861	431	438	fertile	T040	C0015895
28161861	439	463	normozoospermic controls	T033	C4231237
28161861	477	486	infertile	T046	C0021359
28161861	487	490	OAT	T047	C0028960
28161861	491	494	men	T098	C0025266
28161861	529	543	history taking	T058	C0199182
28161861	545	565	clinical examination	T201	C1274016
28161861	567	581	semen analysis	T059	C0202533
28161861	583	593	estimation	T081	C0750572
28161861	597	604	seminal	T201	C1519232
28161861	605	627	glutathione peroxidase	T116,T126	C0017822
28161861	629	632	GPx	T116,T126	C0017822
28161861	639	654	malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
28161861	656	659	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
28161861	662	675	AhR rs2066853	T028	C0596123
28161861	676	693	gene polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28161861	716	721	blood	T031	C0005767
28161861	725	728	PCR	T063	C0032520
28161861	731	735	RFLP	T049	C0035268
28161861	747	756	infertile	T046	C0021359
28161861	757	760	OAT	T047	C0028960
28161861	761	764	men	T098	C0025266
28161861	770	777	fertile	T040	C0015895
28161861	778	786	controls	T096	C0009932
28161861	788	801	AhR rs2066853	T028	C0596123
28161861	802	811	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28161861	819	828	decreased	T081	C0205216
28161861	829	839	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28161861	844	848	wild	T028	C1883559
28161861	849	871	homozygous genotype GG	T032	C0019904
28161861	894	918	heterozygous genotype GA	T032	C0019425
28161861	940	949	increased	T081	C0205217
28161861	950	960	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28161861	965	987	homozygous genotype AA	T032	C0019904
28161861	1019	1026	alleles	T028	C0002085
28161861	1030	1043	AhR rs2066853	T028	C0596123
28161861	1050	1053	OAT	T047	C0028960
28161861	1054	1057	men	T098	C0025266
28161861	1072	1079	fertile	T040	C0015895
28161861	1080	1083	men	T098	C0025266
28161861	1091	1100	decreased	T081	C0205216
28161861	1101	1111	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28161861	1115	1123	G allele	T028	C0002085
28161861	1145	1154	increased	T081	C0205217
28161861	1155	1165	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28161861	1169	1177	A allele	T028	C0002085
28161861	1193	1200	Seminal	T201	C1519232
28161861	1201	1204	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
28161861	1230	1238	increase	T081	C0205217
28161861	1247	1254	seminal	T201	C1519232
28161861	1255	1258	GPx	T116,T126	C0017822
28161861	1284	1292	decrease	T081	C0205216
28161861	1307	1309	AA	T032	C0019904
28161861	1314	1316	GA	T032	C0019425
28161861	1319	1331	AA genotypes	T032	C0019904
28161861	1355	1366	GG genotype	T032	C0019904
28161861	1432	1445	AhR rs2066853	T028	C0596123
28161861	1446	1454	genotype	T032	C0017431
28161861	1455	1467	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28161861	1473	1482	decreased	T081	C0205216
28161861	1483	1488	sperm	T025	C0037868
28161861	1511	1520	increased	T081	C0205217
28161861	1521	1528	seminal	T201	C1519232
28161861	1529	1545	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28161861	1549	1558	infertile	T046	C0021359
28161861	1559	1562	OAT	T047	C0028960
28161861	1563	1566	men	T098	C0025266

28161910|t|Associations of gender and a proxy of female menopausal status with histological features of drug-induced liver injury
28161910|a|Gender and menopause may contribute to type and severity of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) by influencing host responses to injury. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of gender and female age 50 [a proxy of menopause] with histological features of liver injury in 212 adults enrolled in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network (DILIN) registry. All participants had a causality score of at least ' probable ', a liver biopsy within 30 days of DILI onset, and no prior chronic liver disease. Biochemical and histological injury types were classified as hepatocellular or cholestatic/mixed injury. The cohort was divided into three gender / age categories: men (41.0%), women <50 years (27.4%) and women ≥50 years of age (31.6%). Interaction of gender and age category (≥50 or not) was assessed. Hepatocellular injury was more prevalent in women <50 years vs. others (P=.002). After adjusting for biochemical injury types, black race and possible ageing effects, more severe interface hepatitis was noted in biopsies of women <50 years compared to those of men and women ≥50 years (P=.009 and P=.055 respectively). Compared to those of men, biopsies of women showed greater plasma cell infiltration, hepatocyte apoptosis, hepatocyte rosettes and lobular disarray but less iron - positive hepatocytes and histological cholestasis (P<.05). These associations persisted after excluding cases of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, anabolic steroids or nitrofurantoin DILI which showed gender -specific distributions. Gender and a proxy of menopause were associated with various features of inflammation and injury in DILI.
28161910	0	12	Associations	T080	C0439849
28161910	16	22	gender	T032	C0079399
28161910	29	34	proxy	T096	C0600420
28161910	38	44	female	T032	C0086287
28161910	45	62	menopausal status	T201	C1513126
28161910	68	80	histological	T169	C0205462
28161910	81	89	features	T080	C2348519
28161910	93	118	drug-induced liver injury	T047	C0860207
28161910	119	125	Gender	T032	C0079399
28161910	130	139	menopause	T039	C0025320
28161910	158	162	type	T080	C0332307
28161910	167	175	severity	T080	C0439793
28161910	179	204	drug-induced liver injury	T047	C0860207
28161910	206	210	DILI	T047	C0860207
28161910	215	226	influencing	T077	C4054723
28161910	227	231	host	T001	C1167395
28161910	232	241	responses	T033	C1704632
28161910	245	251	injury	T037	C3263723
28161910	257	260	aim	T078	C1947946
28161910	269	274	study	T062	C2603343
28161910	282	288	assess	T052	C1516048
28161910	293	305	associations	T080	C0439849
28161910	309	315	gender	T032	C0079399
28161910	320	326	female	T032	C0086287
28161910	327	330	age	T032	C0001779
28161910	337	342	proxy	T096	C0600420
28161910	346	355	menopause	T039	C0025320
28161910	362	374	histological	T169	C0205462
28161910	375	383	features	T080	C2348519
28161910	387	399	liver injury	T037	C0160390
28161910	407	413	adults	T100	C0001675
28161910	430	455	Drug-Induced Liver Injury	T047	C0860207
28161910	456	463	Network	T169	C1882071
28161910	465	470	DILIN	T169	C1882071
28161910	472	480	registry	T170	C0034975
28161910	486	498	participants	T098	C0679646
28161910	505	514	causality	T169	C0015127
28161910	515	520	score	T081	C0449820
28161910	535	543	probable	T033	C0332148
28161910	549	561	liver biopsy	T060	C0193388
28161910	580	584	DILI	T047	C0860207
28161910	605	626	chronic liver disease	T047	C0341439
28161910	628	639	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
28161910	644	656	histological	T169	C0205462
28161910	657	663	injury	T037	C3263723
28161910	664	669	types	T080	C0332307
28161910	689	703	hepatocellular	T046	C0151763
28161910	707	731	cholestatic/mixed injury	T047	C1737228
28161910	737	743	cohort	T098	C0599755
28161910	748	755	divided	T169	C0332849
28161910	767	773	gender	T032	C0079399
28161910	776	779	age	T032	C0001779
28161910	780	790	categories	T170	C0683312
28161910	792	795	men	T098	C0025266
28161910	805	810	women	T098	C0043210
28161910	833	838	women	T098	C0043210
28161910	852	855	age	T032	C0001779
28161910	865	876	Interaction	T169	C1704675
28161910	880	886	gender	T032	C0079399
28161910	891	894	age	T032	C0001779
28161910	895	903	category	T170	C0683312
28161910	921	929	assessed	T052	C1516048
28161910	931	952	Hepatocellular injury	T046	C0151763
28161910	975	980	women	T098	C0043210
28161910	1032	1043	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28161910	1044	1050	injury	T037	C3263723
28161910	1051	1056	types	T080	C0332307
28161910	1058	1068	black race	T098	C0005680
28161910	1073	1081	possible	T033	C0332149
28161910	1082	1088	ageing	T040	C0001811
28161910	1089	1096	effects	T080	C1280500
28161910	1103	1109	severe	T080	C0205082
28161910	1120	1129	hepatitis	T047	C0019158
28161910	1143	1151	biopsies	T060	C0005558
28161910	1155	1160	women	T098	C0043210
28161910	1171	1179	compared	T052	C1707455
28161910	1192	1195	men	T098	C0025266
28161910	1200	1205	women	T098	C0043210
28161910	1250	1258	Compared	T052	C1707455
28161910	1271	1274	men	T098	C0025266
28161910	1276	1284	biopsies	T060	C0005558
28161910	1288	1293	women	T098	C0043210
28161910	1301	1308	greater	T081	C1704243
28161910	1309	1333	plasma cell infiltration	T047	C0391861
28161910	1335	1355	hepatocyte apoptosis	T043	C3269241
28161910	1357	1367	hepatocyte	T025	C0227525
28161910	1368	1376	rosettes	T033	C0035863
28161910	1381	1388	lobular	T080	C0205417
28161910	1407	1411	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28161910	1414	1422	positive	T033	C1514241
28161910	1423	1434	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
28161910	1439	1451	histological	T169	C0205462
28161910	1452	1463	cholestasis	T047	C0008370
28161910	1479	1491	associations	T080	C0439849
28161910	1518	1523	cases	T169	C0868928
28161910	1527	1554	amoxicillin/clavulanic acid	T121	C0054066
28161910	1556	1573	anabolic steroids	T109,T121	C0002744
28161910	1577	1591	nitrofurantoin	T109,T121	C0028156
28161910	1592	1596	DILI	T047	C0860207
28161910	1610	1616	gender	T032	C0079399
28161910	1627	1640	distributions	T169	C1704711
28161910	1642	1648	Gender	T032	C0079399
28161910	1655	1660	proxy	T096	C0600420
28161910	1664	1673	menopause	T039	C0025320
28161910	1679	1694	associated with	T080	C0332281
28161910	1703	1711	features	T080	C2348519
28161910	1715	1727	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28161910	1732	1738	injury	T037	C3263723
28161910	1742	1746	DILI	T047	C0860207

28162764|t|Gastrojejunostomy tube complications - A single center experience and systematic review
28162764|a|Gastrojejunostomy tubes (GJTs) enable enteral nutrition in infants / children with feeding intolerance. However, complications may be increased in small infants. We evaluated our single-institution GJT complication rate and systematically reviewed existing literature. With REB approval, a retrospective single-institution analysis of GJT placements between 2009 and 2015 was performed. For the systematic review, MOOSE guidelines were followed. At our institution, 48 children underwent 154/159 successful insertions primarily for gastroesophageal reflux (n=27; 55%) and aspiration (n=11; 23%). Median age at first GJT insertion was 2.2years (0.2-18). Thirty-five (73%) had an index insertion when ≤10kg. GJTs caused 2 perforations and 1 death. The systematic review assessed 48 articles representing 2726 procedures. Overall perforation rate was estimated as 2.1% (n=36 studies, 23/1092, 95% CI: 1.0-3.2). Perforation rates in children <10kg versus ≥10kg were estimated as 3.1%/ procedure (95% CI: 1.1%-5.0%) and 0.1%/ procedure (95% CI: 0%-0.3%), respectively. The relative risk of perforation was 9.4 (95% CI: 2.8-31.3). Overall mortality was estimated as 0.9%/ patient (n=39 studies; 95% CI: 0.2-1.6%). Most perforations (19/23; 83%) occurred ≤30days of attempted tube placement. Gastrojejunostomy tubes are associated with significant complications and frequently require revision/replacement. Insertion in patients <10kg is associated with increased perforation risk. Caution is warranted in this subgroup. Level II.
28162764	0	22	Gastrojejunostomy tube	T074	C3880870
28162764	23	36	complications	T169	C1171258
28162764	70	87	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28162764	88	111	Gastrojejunostomy tubes	T074	C3880870
28162764	113	117	GJTs	T074	C3880870
28162764	126	143	enteral nutrition	T061	C0014327
28162764	147	154	infants	T100	C0021270
28162764	157	165	children	T100	C0008059
28162764	171	190	feeding intolerance	T033	C1820738
28162764	201	214	complications	T169	C1171258
28162764	222	231	increased	T081	C0205217
28162764	235	240	small	T081	C0700321
28162764	241	248	infants	T100	C0021270
28162764	253	262	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28162764	286	289	GJT	T074	C3880870
28162764	290	307	complication rate	T081	C1521828
28162764	312	335	systematically reviewed	T170	C1955832
28162764	345	355	literature	T170	C0023866
28162764	362	365	REB	T170	C1552679
28162764	366	374	approval	T080	C0205540
28162764	378	391	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28162764	392	419	single-institution analysis	T062	C0936012
28162764	423	426	GJT	T074	C3880870
28162764	427	437	placements	T061	C0883304
28162764	464	473	performed	T169	C0884358
28162764	483	500	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28162764	502	518	MOOSE guidelines	T170	C0162791
28162764	524	532	followed	T079	C0332283
28162764	541	552	institution	T073,T093	C0018704
28162764	557	565	children	T100	C0008059
28162764	584	594	successful	T080	C1272703
28162764	595	605	insertions	T058	C0441587
28162764	620	643	gastroesophageal reflux	T047	C0017168
28162764	660	670	aspiration	T058	C0220787
28162764	684	690	Median	T081	C0876920
28162764	691	694	age	T032	C0001779
28162764	704	707	GJT	T074	C3880870
28162764	708	717	insertion	T058	C0441587
28162764	772	781	insertion	T058	C0441587
28162764	794	798	GJTs	T074	C3880870
28162764	808	820	perforations	T047	C0014860
28162764	827	832	death	T040	C0011065
28162764	838	855	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28162764	856	864	assessed	T052	C1516048
28162764	895	905	procedures	T169	C2700391
28162764	907	914	Overall	T080	C1561607
28162764	915	931	perforation rate	T081	C1521828
28162764	936	945	estimated	T081	C0750572
28162764	960	967	studies	T062	C0008972
28162764	996	1013	Perforation rates	T081	C1521828
28162764	1017	1025	children	T100	C0008059
28162764	1050	1059	estimated	T081	C0750572
28162764	1069	1078	procedure	T169	C2700391
28162764	1109	1118	procedure	T169	C2700391
28162764	1156	1169	relative risk	T081	C0242492
28162764	1173	1184	perforation	T047	C0014860
28162764	1213	1220	Overall	T080	C1561607
28162764	1221	1230	mortality	T081	C0178686
28162764	1235	1244	estimated	T081	C0750572
28162764	1254	1261	patient	T101	C0030705
28162764	1301	1313	perforations	T047	C0014860
28162764	1327	1335	occurred	T052	C1709305
28162764	1347	1356	attempted	T051	C1516084
28162764	1357	1371	tube placement	T061	C0883304
28162764	1373	1396	Gastrojejunostomy tubes	T074	C3880870
28162764	1401	1411	associated	T080	C0332281
28162764	1417	1428	significant	T078	C0750502
28162764	1429	1442	complications	T169	C1171258
28162764	1488	1497	Insertion	T058	C0441587
28162764	1501	1509	patients	T101	C0030705
28162764	1519	1534	associated with	T080	C0332281
28162764	1535	1544	increased	T081	C0205217
28162764	1545	1556	perforation	T047	C0014860
28162764	1557	1561	risk	T078	C0035647
28162764	1563	1570	Caution	T033	C4296874
28162764	1592	1600	subgroup	T185	C1515021

28162781|t|Intra-articular corticosteroids versus intra-articular corticosteroids plus methotrexate in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label trial
28162781|a|Little evidence-based information is available to guide the treatment of oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. We aimed to investigate whether oral methotrexate increases the efficacy of intra-articular corticosteroid therapy. We did this prospective, open-label, randomised trial at ten hospitals in Italy. Using a concealed computer-generated list, children younger than 18 years with oligoarticular - onset disease were randomly assigned (1:1) to intra-articular corticosteroids alone or in combination with oral methotrexate (15 mg/m(2); maximum 20 mg). Corticosteroids used were triamcinolone hexacetonide (shoulder, elbow, wrist, knee, and tibiotalar joints) or methylprednisolone acetate (ie, subtalar and tarsal joints). We did not mask patients or investigators to treatment assignments. Our primary outcome was the proportion of patients in the intention-to-treat population who had remission of arthritis in all injected joints at 12 months. This trial is registered with European Union Clinical Trials Register, EudraCT number 2008-006741-70. Between July 7, 2009, and March 31, 2013, we screened 226 participants and randomly assigned 102 to intra-articular corticosteroids alone and 105 to intra-articular corticosteroids plus methotrexate. 33 (32%) patients assigned to intra-articular corticosteroids alone and 39 (37%) assigned to intra-articular corticosteroids and methotrexate therapy had remission of arthritis in all injected joints (p=0·48). Adverse events were recorded for 20 (17%) patients who received methotrexate, which led to permanent treatment discontinuation in two patients (one due to increased liver transaminases and one due to gastrointestinal discomfort). No patient had a serious adverse event. Concomitant administration of methotrexate did not augment the effectiveness of intra-articular corticosteroid therapy. Future studies are needed to define the optimal therapeutic strategies for oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Italian Agency of Drug Evaluation.
28162781	0	15	Intra-articular	T082	C0442108
28162781	16	31	corticosteroids	T121	C3536709
28162781	39	54	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
28162781	55	70	corticosteroids	T121	C3536709
28162781	71	75	plus	T169	C0332287
28162781	76	88	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
28162781	92	136	oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis	T047	C3898105
28162781	140	151	multicentre	T062	C0206012
28162781	153	164	prospective	T062	C0033522
28162781	166	176	randomised	T062,T170	C0206034
28162781	178	194	open-label trial	T062	C0008976
28162781	245	250	guide	T170	C2825826
28162781	255	264	treatment	T061	C0087111
28162781	268	312	oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis	T047	C3898105
28162781	326	337	investigate	T169	C1292732
28162781	346	363	oral methotrexate	T200	C1246896
28162781	364	373	increases	T169	C0442805
28162781	378	386	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28162781	390	428	intra-articular corticosteroid therapy	T061	C4054701
28162781	442	453	prospective	T062	C0033522
28162781	455	465	open-label	T062	C0008976
28162781	467	483	randomised trial	T062,T170	C0206034
28162781	491	500	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28162781	504	509	Italy	T083	C0022277
28162781	519	528	concealed	T080	C0443189
28162781	529	552	computer-generated list	T170	C0745732
28162781	554	562	children	T100	C0008059
28162781	563	575	younger than	T033	C2237067
28162781	579	584	years	T079	C1510829
28162781	590	604	oligoarticular	T082	C0439754
28162781	607	620	onset disease	T079	C0277793
28162781	626	634	randomly	T080	C0439605
28162781	635	643	assigned	T169	C1516050
28162781	653	668	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
28162781	669	684	corticosteroids	T121	C3536709
28162781	685	690	alone	T081	C0205171
28162781	694	713	in combination with	T080	C0205195
28162781	714	731	oral methotrexate	T200	C1246896
28162781	745	752	maximum	T081	C0806909
28162781	761	776	Corticosteroids	T121	C3536709
28162781	787	813	triamcinolone hexacetonide	T109,T121	C0077004
28162781	815	823	shoulder	T030	C0037009
28162781	825	830	elbow	T030	C0013770
28162781	832	837	wrist	T030	C1322271
28162781	839	843	knee	T030	C0022745
28162781	849	866	tibiotalar joints	T030	C0003087
28162781	871	897	methylprednisolone acetate	T109,T121	C0600901
28162781	903	911	subtalar	T030	C0038593
28162781	916	929	tarsal joints	T030	C1527245
28162781	948	956	patients	T101	C0030705
28162781	960	973	investigators	T097	C0008961
28162781	977	986	treatment	T061	C0087111
28162781	987	998	assignments	T169	C1516050
28162781	1004	1019	primary outcome	T169	C1274040
28162781	1028	1038	proportion	T081	C1709707
28162781	1042	1050	patients	T101	C0030705
28162781	1058	1076	intention-to-treat	T062	C2718028
28162781	1077	1087	population	T098	C1257890
28162781	1096	1105	remission	T033	C0544452
28162781	1109	1118	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28162781	1126	1134	injected	T061	C0021485
28162781	1135	1141	joints	T030	C0022417
28162781	1148	1154	months	T079	C0439231
28162781	1161	1166	trial	T062	C0008976
28162781	1170	1180	registered	T058	C1514821
28162781	1186	1225	European Union Clinical Trials Register	T058	C1254363
28162781	1227	1241	EudraCT number	T170	C0282574
28162781	1266	1270	July	T080	C3829447
28162781	1284	1289	March	T079	C3829202
28162781	1303	1311	screened	T169	C2348582
28162781	1316	1328	participants	T098	C0679646
28162781	1333	1341	randomly	T080	C0439605
28162781	1342	1350	assigned	T169	C1516050
28162781	1358	1373	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
28162781	1374	1389	corticosteroids	T121	C3536709
28162781	1390	1395	alone	T081	C0205171
28162781	1407	1422	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
28162781	1423	1438	corticosteroids	T121	C3536709
28162781	1439	1443	plus	T169	C0332287
28162781	1444	1456	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
28162781	1467	1475	patients	T101	C0030705
28162781	1476	1484	assigned	T169	C1516050
28162781	1488	1503	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
28162781	1504	1519	corticosteroids	T121	C3536709
28162781	1520	1525	alone	T081	C0205171
28162781	1539	1547	assigned	T169	C1516050
28162781	1551	1566	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
28162781	1567	1582	corticosteroids	T121	C3536709
28162781	1587	1599	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
28162781	1600	1607	therapy	T061	C0087111
28162781	1612	1621	remission	T033	C0544452
28162781	1625	1634	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28162781	1642	1650	injected	T061	C0021485
28162781	1651	1657	joints	T030	C0022417
28162781	1668	1682	Adverse events	T046	C0877248
28162781	1710	1718	patients	T101	C0030705
28162781	1732	1744	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
28162781	1759	1768	permanent	T079	C0205355
28162781	1769	1778	treatment	T061	C0087111
28162781	1779	1794	discontinuation	T033	C1444662
28162781	1802	1810	patients	T101	C0030705
28162781	1823	1852	increased liver transaminases	T033	C1848701
28162781	1868	1895	gastrointestinal discomfort	T184	C1096250
28162781	1898	1900	No	T033	C1513916
28162781	1901	1908	patient	T101	C0030705
28162781	1915	1922	serious	T080	C0205404
28162781	1923	1936	adverse event	T046	C0877248
28162781	1938	1964	Concomitant administration	T169	C2826730
28162781	1968	1980	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
28162781	1989	1996	augment	T169	C0442805
28162781	2001	2014	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28162781	2018	2056	intra-articular corticosteroid therapy	T061	C4054701
28162781	2058	2072	Future studies	T062	C2603343
28162781	2098	2105	optimal	T080	C2698651
28162781	2106	2128	therapeutic strategies	T061	C0087111
28162781	2133	2177	oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis	T047	C3898105
28162781	2179	2212	Italian Agency of Drug Evaluation	T092	C1561598

28163288|t|Clinical significance of human intestinal spirochetosis: a retrospective study
28163288|a|The clinical and pathological features of human intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) are not well known. Here we report 55 patients with HIS who were diagnosed at our institution during the past 5 years. Seven patients presented with symptoms such as abdominal pain or diarrhea, while the others were incidentally diagnosed during screening colonoscopy. Most patients had non-specific endoscopic findings, including intestinal edema or erosion. The diagnosis of HIS was histologically confirmed via hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and/or immunohistochemistry using anti-Treponema pallidum antibody. Among the 55 patients, five were diagnosed with diseases other than HIS (amoebic colitis, three; ulcerative colitis, one). Sixteen patients were treated with either amoxicillin or metronidazole ;only metronidazole proved to be effective. The clinical significance of asymptomatic HIS remains unknown. Some case reports suggest a risk for increased severity in patients with immunodeficiency and/or sexually transmitted diseases. Therefore, aggressive treatment for HIS should be considered, particularly in high-risk patients.
28163288	0	21	Clinical significance	T033	C2826293
28163288	25	30	human	T016	C0086418
28163288	31	41	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28163288	42	55	spirochetosis	T047	C0037974
28163288	59	78	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28163288	83	91	clinical	T080	C0205210
28163288	96	108	pathological	T169	C1521733
28163288	121	126	human	T016	C0086418
28163288	127	137	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28163288	138	151	spirochetosis	T047	C0037974
28163288	153	156	HIS	T047	C0037974
28163288	196	204	patients	T101	C0030705
28163288	210	213	HIS	T047	C0037974
28163288	223	232	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28163288	240	251	institution	T073,T093	C0018704
28163288	283	291	patients	T101	C0030705
28163288	307	315	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28163288	324	338	abdominal pain	T184	C0000737
28163288	342	350	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
28163288	387	396	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28163288	404	425	screening colonoscopy	T060	C1882982
28163288	432	440	patients	T101	C0030705
28163288	445	457	non-specific	T080	C0205370
28163288	458	468	endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28163288	469	477	findings	T033	C0243095
28163288	489	505	intestinal edema	T046	C1142262
28163288	509	516	erosion	T046	C1959609
28163288	522	531	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28163288	535	538	HIS	T047	C0037974
28163288	543	557	histologically	T169	C0205462
28163288	572	602	hematoxylin and eosin staining	T059	C0523207
28163288	604	633	periodic acid-Schiff staining	T059	C0523213
28163288	642	662	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28163288	669	701	anti-Treponema pallidum antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28163288	716	724	patients	T101	C0030705
28163288	736	745	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28163288	751	759	diseases	T047	C0012634
28163288	771	774	HIS	T047	C0037974
28163288	776	791	amoebic colitis	T047	C0013370
28163288	800	818	ulcerative colitis	T047	C0009324
28163288	834	842	patients	T101	C0030705
28163288	848	860	treated with	T061	C0332293
28163288	868	879	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
28163288	883	896	metronidazole	T109,T121	C0025872
28163288	903	916	metronidazole	T109,T121	C0025872
28163288	930	939	effective	T080	C1704419
28163288	945	966	clinical significance	T033	C2826293
28163288	970	982	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28163288	983	986	HIS	T047	C0037974
28163288	995	1002	unknown	T080	C0439673
28163288	1009	1021	case reports	T170	C0085973
28163288	1032	1036	risk	T078	C0035647
28163288	1051	1059	severity	T080	C0439793
28163288	1063	1071	patients	T101	C0030705
28163288	1077	1093	immunodeficiency	T047	C0021051
28163288	1101	1130	sexually transmitted diseases	T047	C0036916
28163288	1143	1163	aggressive treatment	T061	C0087111
28163288	1168	1171	HIS	T047	C0037974
28163288	1210	1219	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28163288	1220	1228	patients	T101	C0030705

28163489|t|Osteomyelitis of zygoma secondary to depressed fracture of parietal bone: Case report of a rare entity
28163489|a|Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory condition of bone involving the medullary cavity, the Haversian system, and the adjacent cortex. According to literature review osteomyelitis of zygomatic bone secondary to the depressed fracture of the parietal bone never reported. Here we report a case of osteomyelitis of zygomatic bone which develops 3 month after the depressed fracture of parietal bone.
28163489	0	13	Osteomyelitis	T047	C0029443
28163489	17	23	zygoma	T023	C0043539
28163489	24	36	secondary to	T080	C0175668
28163489	37	55	depressed fracture	T037	C0332759
28163489	59	72	parietal bone	T023	C0030558
28163489	74	85	Case report	T170	C0007320
28163489	96	102	entity	T071	C1551338
28163489	103	116	Osteomyelitis	T047	C0029443
28163489	123	145	inflammatory condition	UnknownType	C0544805
28163489	149	153	bone	T024	C0391978
28163489	168	184	medullary cavity	T030	C0222662
28163489	190	206	Haversian system	T024	C0824691
28163489	225	231	cortex	T023	C1176472
28163489	246	263	literature review	T170	C0282441
28163489	264	277	osteomyelitis	T047	C0029443
28163489	281	295	zygomatic bone	T023	C0043539
28163489	296	308	secondary to	T080	C0175668
28163489	313	331	depressed fracture	T037	C0332759
28163489	339	352	parietal bone	T023	C0030558
28163489	359	367	reported	T058	C0700287
28163489	377	383	report	T058	C0700287
28163489	386	390	case	T169	C0868928
28163489	394	407	osteomyelitis	T047	C0029443
28163489	411	425	zygomatic bone	T023	C0043539
28163489	432	440	develops	T169	C1527148
28163489	459	477	depressed fracture	T037	C0332759
28163489	481	494	parietal bone	T023	C0030558

28163575|t|Does environmental cigarette smoke affect breastfeeding behavior?
28163575|a|Exposure of lactating women to environmental cigarette smoke may increase cotinine in breast milk, which in turn may reduce the volume of milk and the duration of breastfeeding. To assess the relationship between exposure to environmental cigarette smoke and breastfeeding behavior. This prospective cohort study was conducted on 290 mothers in Babol - Iran, who had been breastfeeding for 3-5 days after delivery. The lactating mothers were divided into two groups: those exposed to environmental cigarette smoke, and those free from smoke exposure. The study questionnaire included demographic data, information on environmental cigarette smoke, and breastfeeding behavior. Data was collected through telephone interviews at 2, 4, and 6 months of follow-up. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, and test of significance using Chi-square test, t-test, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards model. The continuation of breastfeeding for the group of exposed mothers and the unexposed group was (mean ± standard deviation) 5.57 ± 0.098 and 5.58 ± 0.109, respectively in 6 months of follow-up. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.93). The percentage of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months in the group exposed to cigarette smoke was 65% compared to 76% of the nonexposed group. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.149). In this study, no significant association was observed between the group exposed to environmental cigarette smoke and the nonexposed group in breastfeeding behavior, although the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months was less in the group exposed to environmental cigarette smoke. Further exploratory studies are needed.
28163575	5	34	environmental cigarette smoke	T069	C0522733
28163575	42	64	breastfeeding behavior	T033	C1319304
28163575	66	74	Exposure	T080	C0332157
28163575	78	87	lactating	T033	C2828358
28163575	88	93	women	T098	C0043210
28163575	97	126	environmental cigarette smoke	T069	C0522733
28163575	131	139	increase	T169	C0442805
28163575	131	148	increase cotinine	T109,T121	C0010194
28163575	152	163	breast milk	T031	C0026131
28163575	183	189	reduce	T080	C0392756
28163575	194	200	volume	T081	C0449468
28163575	204	208	milk	T031	C0026131
28163575	217	242	duration of breastfeeding	T033	C2136514
28163575	258	270	relationship	T080	C0439849
28163575	279	290	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28163575	291	304	environmental	T082	C0014406
28163575	305	320	cigarette smoke	T131	C0239059
28163575	325	347	breastfeeding behavior	T033	C1319304
28163575	354	378	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
28163575	400	407	mothers	T099	C0026591
28163575	411	416	Babol	UnknownType	C0681784
28163575	419	423	Iran	T083	C0022065
28163575	438	451	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28163575	485	494	lactating	T033	C2828358
28163575	495	502	mothers	T099	C0026591
28163575	508	515	divided	T169	C0332849
28163575	521	524	two	T081	C0205448
28163575	525	531	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28163575	539	579	exposed to environmental cigarette smoke	T069	C0522733
28163575	591	595	free	T169	C0332296
28163575	601	615	smoke exposure	T033	C2220318
28163575	621	640	study questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28163575	650	666	demographic data	T170	C1717762
28163575	668	679	information	T078	C1533716
28163575	683	696	environmental	T082	C0014406
28163575	697	712	cigarette smoke	T131	C0239059
28163575	718	740	breastfeeding behavior	T033	C1319304
28163575	742	746	Data	T078	C1511726
28163575	751	760	collected	T169	C1516698
28163575	769	789	telephone interviews	T062	C0021823
28163575	805	811	months	T079	C0439231
28163575	815	824	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28163575	826	846	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28163575	868	878	statistics	T062	C2717898
28163575	884	888	test	T169	C0039593
28163575	892	904	significance	T078	C0750502
28163575	911	926	Chi-square test	T170	C0008041
28163575	928	934	t-test	T170	C0871472
28163575	936	949	log-rank test	T170	C0282574
28163575	955	985	Cox proportional hazards model	T081,T170	C0010235
28163575	991	1003	continuation	T033	C0805733
28163575	1007	1020	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28163575	1029	1045	group of exposed	T098	C2348484
28163575	1046	1053	mothers	T099	C0026591
28163575	1062	1077	unexposed group	T098	C2349018
28163575	1090	1108	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28163575	1159	1165	months	T079	C0439231
28163575	1169	1178	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28163575	1190	1204	no significant	T033	C1273937
28163575	1205	1215	difference	T080	C1705242
28163575	1228	1231	two	T081	C0205448
28163575	1232	1238	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28163575	1255	1265	percentage	T081	C0439165
28163575	1279	1292	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28163575	1298	1304	months	T079	C0439231
28163575	1312	1325	group exposed	T098	C2348484
28163575	1329	1344	cigarette smoke	T131	C0239059
28163575	1353	1361	compared	T052	C1707455
28163575	1376	1392	nonexposed group	T098	C2349018
28163575	1407	1417	difference	T080	C1705242
28163575	1426	1451	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28163575	1480	1494	no significant	T033	C1273937
28163575	1495	1506	association	T080	C0439849
28163575	1532	1537	group	T098	C2348561
28163575	1538	1578	exposed to environmental cigarette smoke	T069	C0522733
28163575	1587	1603	nonexposed group	T098	C2349018
28163575	1607	1629	breastfeeding behavior	T033	C1319304
28163575	1644	1654	percentage	T081	C0439165
28163575	1668	1681	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28163575	1687	1693	months	T079	C0439231
28163575	1710	1715	group	T098	C2348561
28163575	1716	1756	exposed to environmental cigarette smoke	T069	C0522733
28163575	1766	1785	exploratory studies	T062	C0681814
28163575	1790	1796	needed	T080	C0027552

28163942|t|Further Evidence That the CFTR Variant c.2620-6T>C Is Benign
28163942|a|The c.2620-6T>C variant in the CFTR gene is a rare variant about which little is known. We present an asymptomatic adult who has this variant as well as the well described delta F508 pathogenic variant in transpresentation. This patient provides additional evidence that this is a benign polymorphism.
28163942	8	16	Evidence	T078	C3887511
28163942	26	30	CFTR	T028	C1413365
28163942	31	50	Variant c.2620-6T>C	T028	C0678941
28163942	54	60	Benign	T080	C0205183
28163942	65	84	c.2620-6T>C variant	T028	C0678941
28163942	92	101	CFTR gene	T028	C1413365
28163942	107	111	rare	T080	C0522498
28163942	112	119	variant	T028	C0678941
28163942	132	138	little	T081	C0700321
28163942	142	147	known	T080	C0205309
28163942	152	159	present	T078	C0449450
28163942	163	175	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28163942	176	181	adult	T100	C0001675
28163942	195	202	variant	T028	C0678941
28163942	223	232	described	T078	C1552738
28163942	233	243	delta F508	T028	C3551433
28163942	244	254	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
28163942	255	262	variant	T028	C0678941
28163942	266	283	transpresentation	T045	C0314627
28163942	290	297	patient	T101	C0030705
28163942	298	306	provides	T052	C1999230
28163942	318	326	evidence	T078	C3887511
28163942	342	348	benign	T080	C0205183
28163942	349	361	polymorphism	T045	C0032529

28164568|t|Methylation Analysis of BRCA1 and APC in Breast Cancer and It's Relationship to Clinicopathological Features
28164568|a|Promoter methylation of tumor suppressor genes is an important epigenetic alteration that occurs in the primary stages of human tumors, including breast cancer. Identification of methylated genes and their relationship to clinical features can contribute to the prognosis and early detection of tumors. In this study, we explored the methylation status of APC and BRCA1 genes and their relationship to clinical factors in breast cancer patients. BRCA1 and APC promoter methylation was examined by methylation - specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) assay in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast tissue from 75 patients. APC promoter methylation was detected in 30.67% breast cancer tissues and BRCA1 was methylated in 9.33% of breast tumors. Methylation of APC was associated with low histological grade (p = 0.006) and methylation of BRCA1 was related with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.017). These findings suggest that the methylation status of APC and BRCA1 can be a predictive marker for early detection and better management of breast cancer patients.
28164568	0	20	Methylation Analysis	T063	C1880239
28164568	24	29	BRCA1	T028	C0376571
28164568	34	37	APC	T028	C0162832
28164568	41	54	Breast Cancer	T191	C0006142
28164568	64	76	Relationship	T080	C0439849
28164568	80	99	Clinicopathological	T169	C1521733
28164568	100	108	Features	T080	C2348519
28164568	109	129	Promoter methylation	T044	C0376452
28164568	133	155	tumor suppressor genes	T028	C0079427
28164568	172	193	epigenetic alteration	T045	C1516924
28164568	213	220	primary	T080	C0205225
28164568	221	227	stages	T079	C1306673
28164568	231	236	human	T016	C0086418
28164568	237	243	tumors	T191	C0027651
28164568	255	268	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28164568	288	304	methylated genes	T028	C0017337
28164568	315	327	relationship	T080	C0439849
28164568	331	339	clinical	T080	C0205210
28164568	340	348	features	T080	C2348519
28164568	371	380	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28164568	385	400	early detection	T060	C0596473
28164568	404	410	tumors	T191	C0027651
28164568	420	425	study	T062	C2603343
28164568	443	454	methylation	T044	C0376452
28164568	455	461	status	T080	C0449438
28164568	465	468	APC	T028	C0162832
28164568	473	484	BRCA1 genes	T028	C0376571
28164568	495	507	relationship	T080	C0439849
28164568	511	519	clinical	T080	C0205210
28164568	520	527	factors	T169	C1521761
28164568	531	544	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28164568	545	553	patients	T101	C0030705
28164568	555	560	BRCA1	T028	C0376571
28164568	565	568	APC	T028	C0162832
28164568	569	589	promoter methylation	T044	C0376452
28164568	606	617	methylation	T044	C0025723
28164568	620	677	specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification	T063	C3494189
28164568	679	686	MS-MLPA	T063	C3494189
28164568	688	693	assay	T059	C1510438
28164568	697	750	formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast tissue	T024	C2711483
28164568	759	767	patients	T101	C0030705
28164568	769	772	APC	T028	C0162832
28164568	773	793	promoter methylation	T044	C0376452
28164568	798	806	detected	T033	C0442726
28164568	817	830	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28164568	831	838	tissues	T024	C0040300
28164568	843	848	BRCA1	T028	C0376571
28164568	853	863	methylated	T044	C0376452
28164568	876	889	breast tumors	T191	C1458155
28164568	891	902	Methylation	T044	C0376452
28164568	906	909	APC	T028	C0162832
28164568	914	929	associated with	T080	C0332281
28164568	934	952	histological grade	T185	C0456201
28164568	969	980	methylation	T044	C0376452
28164568	984	989	BRCA1	T028	C0376571
28164568	1007	1017	lymph node	T023	C0024204
28164568	1018	1028	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28164568	1048	1056	findings	T033	C0243095
28164568	1074	1085	methylation	T044	C0376452
28164568	1086	1092	status	T080	C0449438
28164568	1096	1099	APC	T028	C0162832
28164568	1104	1109	BRCA1	T028	C0376571
28164568	1119	1136	predictive marker	T201	C0005516
28164568	1141	1156	early detection	T060	C0596473
28164568	1168	1178	management	T058	C0376636
28164568	1182	1195	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28164568	1196	1204	patients	T101	C0030705

28165155|t|Performance of ANTI-HCV testing in dried blood spots and saliva according to HIV status
28165155|a|The use of saliva and dried blood spots (DBS) could increase access to HCV diagnosis for high-risk populations, such as HIV-infected individuals, but the performance of these assays has not been well established in this group. This study aims to evaluate HIV status, particularly TCD4(+) cell count and viral load, in the performance of anti-HCV testing using DBS and saliva. A total of 961 individuals classified as HCV+, HIV+, or HIV / HCV+, as well as negative controls, donated serum, DBS, and saliva samples for anti-HCV testing using a commercial enzyme immunoassay. Sample volume was modified for DBS and saliva, and an ROC curve was used for cut-off determination in saliva. Anti-HCV sensitivities were greater than 93% using DBS and saliva in the HCV+ group, while they were 83.3% and 95.6% for HCV / HIV+ individuals for DBS and saliva assays, respectively. Specificity varied from 91.7% to 100% using saliva and DBS in HIV monoinfected and control subjects. When only anti-HCV / HCV RNA+ serum samples, that is, true positives, were considered, the sensitivities were 98.3% and 100% for DBS and saliva, respectively, in the HCV+ group and 91.6% and 94.8% for DBS and saliva, respectively, in the HIV / HCV+ group. High absorbance values were observed among those presenting with HCV RNA in serum and low HIV viral load (less than 50 copies/mL). In conclusion, DBS and saliva samples could be used for anti-HCV detection, particularly to identify active HCV cases, but low sensitivity was observed for anti-HCV testing using DBS in the HIV / HCV+ group.
28165155	0	11	Performance	T052	C1882330
28165155	15	31	ANTI-HCV testing	T059	C0201487
28165155	35	52	dried blood spots	T031	C3830395
28165155	57	63	saliva	T031	C0036087
28165155	77	87	HIV status	T033	C0458074
28165155	99	105	saliva	T031	C0036087
28165155	110	127	dried blood spots	T031	C3830395
28165155	129	132	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	140	148	increase	T169	C0442805
28165155	149	155	access	T169	C1554204
28165155	159	162	HCV	T047	C4288963
28165155	163	172	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28165155	177	198	high-risk populations	T098	C0870646
28165155	208	220	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28165155	221	232	individuals	T098	C0237401
28165155	242	253	performance	T052	C1882330
28165155	263	269	assays	T059	C1510438
28165155	308	313	group	T078	C0441833
28165155	334	342	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28165155	343	353	HIV status	T033	C0458074
28165155	368	380	TCD4(+) cell	T025	C0039215
28165155	381	386	count	T059	C0007584
28165155	391	401	viral load	T059	C1168369
28165155	410	421	performance	T052	C1882330
28165155	425	441	anti-HCV testing	T059	C0201487
28165155	448	451	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	456	462	saliva	T031	C0036087
28165155	479	490	individuals	T098	C0237401
28165155	505	509	HCV+	T034	C2748185
28165155	511	515	HIV+	T034	C2748218
28165155	520	523	HIV	T034	C2748218
28165155	526	530	HCV+	T034	C2748185
28165155	543	560	negative controls	T077	C1947986
28165155	570	575	serum	T031	C0229671
28165155	577	580	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	586	600	saliva samples	T031	C0438730
28165155	605	621	anti-HCV testing	T059	C0201487
28165155	641	659	enzyme immunoassay	T059	C0086231
28165155	661	674	Sample volume	T034	C1318073
28165155	679	687	modified	T169	C0392747
28165155	692	695	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	700	706	saliva	T031	C0036087
28165155	715	724	ROC curve	T081	C0035787
28165155	738	745	cut-off	T169	C1442160
28165155	746	759	determination	T059	C1148554
28165155	763	769	saliva	T031	C0036087
28165155	771	779	Anti-HCV	T116,T129	C0166049
28165155	780	793	sensitivities	T080	C1522640
28165155	822	825	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	830	836	saliva	T031	C0036087
28165155	844	848	HCV+	T034	C2748185
28165155	849	854	group	T078	C0441833
28165155	892	895	HCV	T034	C2748185
28165155	898	902	HIV+	T034	C2748218
28165155	903	914	individuals	T098	C0237401
28165155	919	922	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	927	933	saliva	T031	C0036087
28165155	934	940	assays	T059	C1510438
28165155	956	967	Specificity	T044	C0003264
28165155	1000	1006	saliva	T031	C0036087
28165155	1011	1014	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	1018	1034	HIV monoinfected	T047	C0019693
28165155	1039	1055	control subjects	T096	C0009932
28165155	1067	1075	anti-HCV	T116,T129	C0166049
28165155	1078	1086	HCV RNA+	T034	C0855842
28165155	1087	1100	serum samples	T031	C1550100
28165155	1111	1125	true positives	T080	C0205559
28165155	1148	1161	sensitivities	T080	C1522640
28165155	1186	1189	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	1194	1200	saliva	T031	C0036087
28165155	1223	1227	HCV+	T034	C2748185
28165155	1228	1233	group	T098	C1257890
28165155	1258	1261	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	1266	1272	saliva	T031	C0036087
28165155	1295	1298	HIV	T034	C2748218
28165155	1301	1305	HCV+	T034	C2748185
28165155	1306	1311	group	T098	C1257890
28165155	1313	1317	High	T080	C0205250
28165155	1318	1328	absorbance	T201	C1268822
28165155	1329	1335	values	T081	C1522609
28165155	1341	1349	observed	T169	C1441672
28165155	1378	1385	HCV RNA	T059	C1868902
28165155	1389	1394	serum	T031	C0229671
28165155	1399	1402	low	T080	C0205251
28165155	1403	1417	HIV viral load	T059	C1168369
28165155	1459	1462	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	1467	1481	saliva samples	T031	C0438730
28165155	1500	1508	anti-HCV	T116,T129	C0166049
28165155	1509	1518	detection	T061	C1511790
28165155	1545	1551	active	T169	C0205177
28165155	1552	1555	HCV	T047	C4288963
28165155	1556	1561	cases	T169	C0868928
28165155	1567	1570	low	T080	C0205251
28165155	1571	1582	sensitivity	T080	C1522640
28165155	1587	1595	observed	T169	C1441672
28165155	1600	1616	anti-HCV testing	T059	C0201487
28165155	1623	1626	DBS	T031	C3830395
28165155	1634	1637	HIV	T034	C2748218
28165155	1640	1644	HCV+	T034	C2748185
28165155	1645	1650	group	T098	C1257890

28165368|t|Reducing Low Birth Weight among African Americans in the Midwest: A Look at How Faith - Based Organizations Are Poised to Inform and Influence Health Communication on the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD)
28165368|a|Low birth weight (LBW) rates remain the highest among African Americans despite public health efforts to address these disparities; with some of the highest racial disparities in the Midwest (Kansas). The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) perspective offers an explanation for how LBW contributes to racial health disparities among African Americans and informs a community directed health communication framework for creating sustainable programs to address these disparities. Trusted community organizations such as faith - based organizations are well situated to explain health communication gaps that may occur over the life course. These entities are underutilized in core health promotion programming targeting underserved populations and can prove essential for addressing developmental origins of LBW among African Americans. Extrapolating from focus group data collected from African American church populations as part of a social marketing health promotion project on cancer prevention, we theoretically consider how a similar communication framework and approach may apply to address LBW disparities. Stratified focus groups (n = 9) were used to discover emergent themes about disease prevention, and subsequently applied to explore how faith - based organizations (FBOs) inform strategic health care (media) advocacy and health promotion that potentially apply to address LBW among African Americans. We argue that FBOs are poised to meet health promotion and health communication needs among African American women who face social barriers in health.
28165368	0	8	Reducing	T080	C0392756
28165368	9	25	Low Birth Weight	T033	C0024032
28165368	32	49	African Americans	T098	C0085756
28165368	57	64	Midwest	T083	C0026081
28165368	80	85	Faith	T078	C0681191
28165368	88	93	Based	T169	C1527178
28165368	94	107	Organizations	T092	C1561598
28165368	122	128	Inform	T057	C1552002
28165368	133	142	Influence	T077	C4054723
28165368	143	163	Health Communication	T058	C1512347
28165368	171	214	Developmental Origins of Health and Disease	T062	C0002783
28165368	216	221	DOHaD	T062	C0002783
28165368	223	239	Low birth weight	T033	C0024032
28165368	241	244	LBW	T033	C0024032
28165368	246	251	rates	T081	C1521828
28165368	263	270	highest	T080	C1522410
28165368	277	294	African Americans	T098	C0085756
28165368	303	309	public	T092	C0678367
28165368	310	316	health	T078	C0018684
28165368	342	353	disparities	T033	C1171307
28165368	372	379	highest	T080	C1522410
28165368	380	398	racial disparities	T033	C0682075
28165368	406	413	Midwest	T083	C0026081
28165368	415	421	Kansas	T083	C0022497
28165368	428	471	Developmental Origins of Health and Disease	T062	C0002783
28165368	473	478	DOHaD	T062	C0002783
28165368	502	513	explanation	T170	C0681841
28165368	522	525	LBW	T033	C0024032
28165368	526	537	contributes	T052	C1880177
28165368	541	547	racial	T098	C0034510
28165368	548	566	health disparities	T033	C1171307
28165368	573	590	African Americans	T098	C0085756
28165368	595	602	informs	T057	C1552002
28165368	605	614	community	T096	C0009462
28165368	615	623	directed	T080	C1441547
28165368	624	644	health communication	T058	C1512347
28165368	645	654	framework	T169	C0449913
28165368	668	679	sustainable	T169	C0443318
28165368	680	688	programs	T169	C3484370
28165368	706	717	disparities	T033	C1171307
28165368	719	726	Trusted	T054	C0237935
28165368	727	736	community	T096	C0009462
28165368	737	750	organizations	T092	C1561598
28165368	759	764	faith	T078	C0681191
28165368	767	772	based	T169	C1527178
28165368	767	772	based	T169	C1527178
28165368	773	786	organizations	T092	C1561598
28165368	816	836	health communication	T058	C1512347
28165368	837	841	gaps	T079	C1254367
28165368	851	856	occur	T052	C1709305
28165368	866	877	life course	T079	C1510618
28165368	885	893	entities	T071	C1551338
28165368	898	911	underutilized	T169	C0042153
28165368	915	948	core health promotion programming	T058	C0679897
28165368	949	958	targeting	T169	C1521840
28165368	959	982	underserved populations	T098	C0872319
28165368	997	1006	essential	T080	C0205224
28165368	1022	1035	developmental	T080	C0458003
28165368	1036	1043	origins	T079	C0439659
28165368	1047	1050	LBW	T033	C0024032
28165368	1057	1074	African Americans	T098	C0085756
28165368	1101	1106	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28165368	1107	1121	data collected	T033	C4019276
28165368	1127	1143	African American	T098	C0085756
28165368	1144	1150	church	T073	C0562324
28165368	1151	1162	populations	T098	C1257890
28165368	1176	1192	social marketing	T057	C0037424
28165368	1193	1217	health promotion project	T058	C0018738
28165368	1221	1238	cancer prevention	T061	C0281206
28165368	1272	1279	similar	T080	C2348205
28165368	1280	1293	communication	T058	C1512347
28165368	1294	1303	framework	T169	C0449913
28165368	1308	1316	approach	T082	C0449445
28165368	1321	1326	apply	T169	C4048755
28165368	1338	1341	LBW	T033	C0024032
28165368	1342	1353	disparities	T033	C1171307
28165368	1355	1378	Stratified focus groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28165368	1392	1396	used	T169	C1524063
28165368	1400	1408	discover	T052	C1880355
28165368	1409	1417	emergent	T078	C0750573
28165368	1418	1424	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
28165368	1431	1449	disease prevention	T061	C0679698
28165368	1455	1467	subsequently	T079	C0332282
28165368	1468	1475	applied	T169	C4048755
28165368	1491	1496	faith	T078	C0681191
28165368	1499	1504	based	T169	C1527178
28165368	1505	1518	organizations	T092	C1561598
28165368	1520	1524	FBOs	T092	C1561598
28165368	1526	1532	inform	T057	C1552002
28165368	1533	1542	strategic	T041	C0679199
28165368	1543	1554	health care	T058	C0086388
28165368	1563	1571	advocacy	T057	C0680792
28165368	1576	1592	health promotion	T058	C0018738
28165368	1598	1609	potentially	T080	C3245505
28165368	1610	1615	apply	T169	C4048755
28165368	1627	1630	LBW	T033	C0024032
28165368	1637	1654	African Americans	T098	C0085756
28165368	1670	1674	FBOs	T092	C1561598
28165368	1689	1693	meet	T067	C1550543
28165368	1694	1710	health promotion	T058	C0018738
28165368	1715	1735	health communication	T058	C1512347
28165368	1736	1741	needs	T080	C0027552
28165368	1748	1764	African American	T098	C0085756
28165368	1765	1770	women	T098	C0043210
28165368	1780	1786	social	T169	C0728831
28165368	1787	1795	barriers	T078	C1254370
28165368	1799	1805	health	T078	C0018684

28165579|t|A national appraisal of haemodialysis vascular access provision in Scotland
28165579|a|Published registry data demonstrate longstanding variation in the utilisation of different vascular access (VA) modalities between Scottish renal units; this may reflect different clinical processes between centres. A comprehensive appraisal was undertaken to understand the processes underpinning VA creation and maintenance across Scotland. A mixed methods approach was utilised. Fifty-two semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients and clinicians in all ten, adult and paediatric, Scottish renal units. Interview transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis. Clinical activity data were prospectively collected for six weeks, and correlated with registry data. VA accounts for a large clinical workload. There was significant inter-centre variation in the utilisation of different VA modalities, and patients described frustrating, dissatisfying experiences. VA creation and maintenance pathways functioned best when nephrologists, surgeons and radiologists were co-located on the same campus with close multi-disciplinary working, protected clinical time, and proactive VA maintenance. No unit routinely measured or discussed procedure outcomes or strategic aspects of their service. Varied clinical outcomes reflected varied clinical processes. Optimised clinical pathways, staff education and measurement of clinical outcomes may improve VA service quality and facilitate safer, more effective, patient-centred care.
28165579	2	10	national	T082	C0681788
28165579	11	20	appraisal	T058	C0220825
28165579	24	37	haemodialysis	T061	C0019004
28165579	38	53	vascular access	T074	C0750138
28165579	54	63	provision	T058	C2584455
28165579	67	75	Scotland	T083	C0036453
28165579	76	94	Published registry	T170	C0034975
28165579	95	99	data	T078	C1511726
28165579	125	134	variation	T080	C0205419
28165579	142	153	utilisation	T169	C0042153
28165579	167	182	vascular access	T074	C0750138
28165579	184	186	VA	T074	C0750138
28165579	188	198	modalities	T078	C0695347
28165579	207	215	Scottish	T083	C0036453
28165579	216	227	renal units	T073,T093	C0019007
28165579	256	274	clinical processes	T058	C1254363
28165579	283	290	centres	T073,T093	C0475309
28165579	294	307	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28165579	308	317	appraisal	T058	C0220825
28165579	351	360	processes	T058	C1254363
28165579	374	376	VA	T074	C0750138
28165579	377	385	creation	T052	C1706214
28165579	390	401	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28165579	409	417	Scotland	T083	C0036453
28165579	421	443	mixed methods approach	T082	C0449445
28165579	468	494	semi-structured interviews	UnknownType	C0681913
28165579	515	523	patients	T101	C0030705
28165579	528	538	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28165579	551	556	adult	T100	C0001675
28165579	561	571	paediatric	T100	C0008059
28165579	573	581	Scottish	T083	C0036453
28165579	582	593	renal units	T073,T093	C0019007
28165579	595	616	Interview transcripts	T170	C0935630
28165579	635	652	thematic analysis	UnknownType	C0681942
28165579	654	671	Clinical activity	T185	C1516654
28165579	672	676	data	T078	C1511726
28165579	714	719	weeks	T079	C0439230
28165579	725	735	correlated	T080	C1707520
28165579	741	749	registry	T170	C0034975
28165579	750	754	data	T078	C1511726
28165579	756	758	VA	T074	C0750138
28165579	780	788	clinical	T080	C0205210
28165579	789	797	workload	T081	C0085122
28165579	834	843	variation	T080	C0205419
28165579	851	862	utilisation	T169	C0042153
28165579	876	878	VA	T074	C0750138
28165579	879	889	modalities	T078	C0695347
28165579	895	903	patients	T101	C0030705
28165579	914	925	frustrating	T041	C0016770
28165579	927	940	dissatisfying	T041	C0870433
28165579	941	952	experiences	T055	C0683573
28165579	954	956	VA	T074	C0750138
28165579	957	965	creation	T052	C1706214
28165579	970	981	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28165579	982	990	pathways	T077	C1705987
28165579	1012	1025	nephrologists	T097	C0260039
28165579	1027	1035	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28165579	1040	1052	radiologists	T097	C0260194
28165579	1081	1087	campus	T073,T093	C0475309
28165579	1118	1125	working	T057	C0043227
28165579	1137	1145	clinical	T080	C0205210
28165579	1146	1150	time	T079	C0040223
28165579	1166	1168	VA	T074	C0750138
28165579	1169	1180	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28165579	1190	1199	routinely	T080	C0205547
28165579	1222	1231	procedure	T169	C2700391
28165579	1232	1240	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28165579	1271	1278	service	T058	C0018747
28165579	1287	1295	clinical	T080	C0205210
28165579	1296	1304	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28165579	1322	1340	clinical processes	T058	C1254363
28165579	1352	1369	clinical pathways	T170	C0282654
28165579	1371	1386	staff education	T065	C0588974
28165579	1391	1402	measurement	T169	C0242485
28165579	1406	1414	clinical	T080	C0205210
28165579	1415	1423	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28165579	1436	1438	VA	T074	C0750138
28165579	1439	1454	service quality	T058	C0034379
28165579	1482	1491	effective	T080	C1704419
28165579	1493	1513	patient-centred care	T058	C0017313

28165738|t|A Novel Potent Anticancer Compound Optimized from a Natural Oridonin Scaffold Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest through the Mitochondrial Pathway
28165738|a|The cytotoxicity of the natural ent-kaurene diterpenoid, oridonin, has been extensively studied. However, the application of oridonin for cancer therapy was hampered primarily by its moderate potency. In this study, a series of oridonin A-ring modified analogues, and their derivatives bearing various substituents on 14-OH position, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anticancer efficacy. Some of the derivatives were significantly more potent than oridonin against both drug - sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. The most potent compound, 13p, was 200-fold more efficacious than oridonin in MCF-7 cancer cells. Furthermore, 13p induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and an increase in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, accompanied by activated caspase-3 cleavage, were observed in MCF-7 cells after treatment with 13p, suggesting that the mitochondrial pathway was involved in the 13p -mediated apoptosis. Moreover, 13p significantly inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models and had no observable toxic effect.
28165738	15	34	Anticancer Compound	T109,T121	C0003392
28165738	52	59	Natural	T169	C0205296
28165738	60	68	Oridonin	T109,T121,T123	C0069639
28165738	86	95	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28165738	100	117	Cell Cycle Arrest	T043	C1155873
28165738	130	151	Mitochondrial Pathway	T045	C1513340
28165738	156	168	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28165738	176	183	natural	T169	C0205296
28165738	184	207	ent-kaurene diterpenoid	T121	C1254351
28165738	209	217	oridonin	T109,T121,T123	C0069639
28165738	277	285	oridonin	T109,T121,T123	C0069639
28165738	290	304	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
28165738	335	351	moderate potency	T038	C0678792
28165738	380	388	oridonin	T109,T121,T123	C0069639
28165738	389	437	A-ring modified analogues, and their derivatives	T104	C0002776
28165738	454	484	substituents on 14-OH position	T104	C1254350
28165738	501	512	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28165738	518	527	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28165738	532	542	anticancer	T109,T121	C0003392
28165738	543	551	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28165738	565	576	derivatives	T104	C0243072
28165738	613	621	oridonin	T109,T121,T123	C0069639
28165738	635	639	drug	T121	C1254351
28165738	642	651	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28165738	656	670	drug-resistant	T038	C0013203
28165738	671	683	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28165738	701	714	compound, 13p	T109,T121	C0003392
28165738	720	728	200-fold	T079	C1254367
28165738	734	745	efficacious	T080	C1280519
28165738	751	759	oridonin	T109,T121,T123	C0069639
28165738	763	781	MCF-7 cancer cells	T025	C0596890
28165738	796	799	13p	T109,T121	C0003392
28165738	808	817	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28165738	822	839	cell cycle arrest	T043	C1155873
28165738	847	857	G2/M phase	T043	C1517347
28165738	873	905	mitochondrial membrane potential	T043	C1720920
28165738	925	934	Bax/Bcl-2	T116,T123	C0219474
28165738	957	976	activated caspase-3	T116,T126	C4290004
28165738	977	985	cleavage	T044	C0597304
28165738	1004	1015	MCF-7 cells	T025	C0596890
28165738	1022	1031	treatment	T061	C0087111
28165738	1037	1040	13p	T109,T121	C0003392
28165738	1062	1083	mitochondrial pathway	T045	C1513340
28165738	1104	1107	13p	T109,T121	C0003392
28165738	1118	1127	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28165738	1139	1142	13p	T109,T121	C0003392
28165738	1167	1179	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28165738	1183	1188	mouse	T015	C0025929
28165738	1189	1205	xenograft models	T050	C1520166
28165738	1214	1240	no observable toxic effect	T184	C0857329

28165762|t|Extended Release Guanfacine in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders: A Pilot, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
28165762|a|This is a feasibility study evaluating the safety, tolerability, and potential anxiolytic efficacy of the α2 agonist guanfacine extended-release (GXR) in children and adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD), or social phobia / social anxiety disorder. Youth aged 6-17 years with a primary diagnosis of GAD, SAD, and/or social anxiety disorder were treated with flexibly dosed GXR (1-6 mg daily, n = 62) or placebo (n = 21) for 12 weeks. The primary aim of this study was to determine the safety and tolerability of GXR in youth with anxiety disorders, which involved the analysis of treatment - emergent adverse events (TEAEs), the emergence of suicidal ideation and behaviors, vital signs, and electrocardiographic / laboratory parameters. Exploratory efficacy measures included dimensional anxiety scales (Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale [PARS] and Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders [SCARED]), as well as the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) scale. As this was an exploratory study, no inferential statistical analyses were performed. GXR was safe and well tolerated. Treatment -related mean ± standard deviation changes in heart rate (GXR: 1.8 ± 12 beats per minute [bpm] decrease; placebo: 0.5 ± 11 bpm decrease), systolic blood pressure (GXR: 2.3 ± 11 mm Hg decrease; placebo: 1.7 ± 11 mm Hg decrease), or diastolic blood pressure (GXR: 1.3 ± 9 mm Hg decrease; placebo: 0.9 ± 7 mm Hg increase) were similar between treatment groups. TEAEs, including headache, somnolence / fatigue, abdominal pain, and dizziness, were consistent with the known safety profile of GXR. No differences were observed between treatment groups for PARS and SCARED scores, although at endpoint, a higher proportion of subjects receiving GXR versus placebo demonstrated CGI-I scores ≤2 (54.2% vs. 31.6%), as rated by the clinician investigator. GXR was well tolerated in pediatric subjects with GAD, SAD, and/or social anxiety disorder. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01470469.
28165762	0	16	Extended Release	T122	C1707968
28165762	17	27	Guanfacine	T109,T121	C0079466
28165762	31	40	Pediatric	T100	C0008059
28165762	41	58	Anxiety Disorders	T048	C0003469
28165762	62	67	Pilot	T062	C0031928
28165762	69	79	Randomized	T062,T170	C0206034
28165762	81	99	Placebo-Controlled	T062	C1706408
28165762	100	105	Trial	T062	C0008976
28165762	116	133	feasibility study	T062,T170	C0015730
28165762	134	144	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28165762	149	155	safety	T080	C0678800
28165762	157	169	tolerability	T062	C3274448
28165762	175	184	potential	T080	C3245505
28165762	185	204	anxiolytic efficacy	T039	C3179404
28165762	212	222	α2 agonist	T121	C2267005
28165762	223	233	guanfacine	T109,T121	C0079466
28165762	234	250	extended-release	T122	C1707968
28165762	252	255	GXR	T122	C1707968
28165762	260	268	children	T100	C0008059
28165762	273	284	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28165762	290	318	generalized anxiety disorder	T048	C0270549
28165762	320	323	GAD	T048	C0270549
28165762	326	353	separation anxiety disorder	T048	C0003477
28165762	355	358	SAD	T048	C0003477
28165762	364	377	social phobia	T048	C0031572
28165762	380	403	social anxiety disorder	T048	C4237417
28165762	405	410	Youth	T100	C0087178
28165762	411	415	aged	T032	C0001779
28165762	421	426	years	T079	C0439234
28165762	442	451	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28165762	455	458	GAD	T048	C0270549
28165762	460	463	SAD	T048	C0003477
28165762	472	495	social anxiety disorder	T048	C4237417
28165762	501	513	treated with	T061	C0332293
28165762	523	528	dosed	T081	C0178602
28165762	529	532	GXR	T122	C1707968
28165762	541	546	daily	T079	C0332173
28165762	559	566	placebo	T122	C1696465
28165762	583	588	weeks	T079	C0439230
28165762	602	605	aim	T078	C1947946
28165762	614	619	study	T062	C2603343
28165762	641	647	safety	T080	C0678800
28165762	652	664	tolerability	T062	C3274448
28165762	668	671	GXR	T122	C1707968
28165762	675	680	youth	T100	C0087178
28165762	686	703	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28165762	724	732	analysis	T062	C0936012
28165762	736	745	treatment	T061	C0087111
28165762	748	756	emergent	T078	C0750573
28165762	757	771	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28165762	772	779	(TEAEs)	T046	C0877248
28165762	785	794	emergence	T078	C0750573
28165762	798	815	suicidal ideation	T033	C0424000
28165762	820	829	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28165762	831	842	vital signs	T201	C0518766
28165762	848	868	electrocardiographic	T060	C0180580
28165762	871	881	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28165762	882	892	parameters	T077	C0549193
28165762	906	914	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28165762	915	923	measures	T081	C0079809
28165762	945	959	anxiety scales	T170	C4050613
28165762	961	991	Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale	T060,T170	C0870277
28165762	993	997	PARS	T060,T170	C0870277
28165762	1003	1055	Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders	T062	C0681906
28165762	1014	1019	Child	T100	C0008059
28165762	1020	1027	Anxiety	T033	C0003467
28165762	1036	1055	Emotional Disorders	T048	C0233459
28165762	1057	1063	SCARED	T062	C0681906
28165762	1082	1120	Clinical Global Impression-Improvement	T170	C3639708
28165762	1122	1127	CGI-I	T170	C3639708
28165762	1151	1168	exploratory study	T062	C1515369
28165762	1185	1205	statistical analyses	T062	C0871424
28165762	1222	1225	GXR	T122	C1707968
28165762	1244	1253	tolerated	T033	C0013220
28165762	1255	1264	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28165762	1274	1278	mean	T081	C0444504
28165762	1281	1299	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28165762	1311	1321	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28165762	1323	1326	GXR	T122	C1707968
28165762	1337	1353	beats per minute	T081	C0439385
28165762	1355	1358	bpm	T081	C0439385
28165762	1360	1368	decrease	T081	C0547047
28165762	1370	1377	placebo	T122	C1696465
28165762	1388	1391	bpm	T081	C0439385
28165762	1392	1400	decrease	T081	C0547047
28165762	1403	1426	systolic blood pressure	T201	C0871470
28165762	1428	1431	GXR	T122	C1707968
28165762	1442	1447	mm Hg	T081	C0439475
28165762	1448	1456	decrease	T081	C0547047
28165762	1458	1465	placebo	T122	C1696465
28165762	1476	1481	mm Hg	T081	C0439475
28165762	1482	1490	decrease	T081	C0547047
28165762	1496	1520	diastolic blood pressure	T201	C0428883
28165762	1522	1525	GXR	T122	C1707968
28165762	1535	1540	mm Hg	T081	C0439475
28165762	1541	1549	decrease	T081	C0547047
28165762	1551	1558	placebo	T122	C1696465
28165762	1568	1573	mm Hg	T081	C0439475
28165762	1574	1582	increase	T169	C0442805
28165762	1605	1614	treatment	T061	C0087111
28165762	1615	1621	groups	T098	C1257890
28165762	1623	1628	TEAEs	T046	C0877248
28165762	1640	1648	headache	T184	C0018681
28165762	1650	1660	somnolence	T048	C2830004
28165762	1663	1670	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28165762	1672	1686	abdominal pain	T184	C0000737
28165762	1692	1701	dizziness	T184	C0012833
28165762	1734	1740	safety	T080	C0678800
28165762	1752	1755	GXR	T122	C1707968
28165762	1777	1785	observed	T169	C1441672
28165762	1794	1803	treatment	T061	C0087111
28165762	1804	1810	groups	T098	C1257890
28165762	1815	1819	PARS	T060,T170	C0870277
28165762	1824	1830	SCARED	T062	C0681906
28165762	1831	1837	scores	T081	C0449820
28165762	1851	1859	endpoint	T080	C2349179
28165762	1870	1880	proportion	T081	C1709707
28165762	1884	1892	subjects	T098	C0080105
28165762	1903	1906	GXR	T122	C1707968
28165762	1914	1921	placebo	T122	C1696465
28165762	1935	1940	CGI-I	T170	C3639708
28165762	1941	1947	scores	T081	C0449820
28165762	1986	2008	clinician investigator	T097	C0008961
28165762	2010	2013	GXR	T122	C1707968
28165762	2023	2032	tolerated	T033	C0013220
28165762	2036	2054	pediatric subjects	T098	C0080105
28165762	2060	2063	GAD	T048	C0270549
28165762	2065	2068	SAD	T048	C0003477
28165762	2077	2100	social anxiety disorder	T048	C4237417

28166079|t|Osteomyelitis of Humerus and Intramuscular Abscess Due to Melioidosis
28166079|a|Melioidosis is a clinically diverse disease caused by gram negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is a potential bioterrorism agent. The high risk group includes the agricultural and construction workers whose contact with contaminated soil and water may expose them to bacteria. The clinical manifestations varies from asymptomatic infection to overwhelming sepsis. To diagnose melioidosis a high index of suspicion along with isolation and identification of the organism from the clinical samples is needed. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential for better outcome. We are reporting a case of melioidosis which presented as osteomyelitis of humerus with intramuscular abscess.
28166079	0	24	Osteomyelitis of Humerus	T047	C3670047
28166079	29	42	Intramuscular	T082	C0442117
28166079	43	50	Abscess	T047	C0000833
28166079	58	69	Melioidosis	T047	C0025229
28166079	70	81	Melioidosis	T047	C0025229
28166079	106	113	disease	T047	C0012634
28166079	114	123	caused by	T169	C1314792
28166079	124	147	gram negative bacterium	T007	C0018150
28166079	148	173	Burkholderia pseudomallei	T007	C0033819
28166079	183	192	potential	T080	C3245505
28166079	193	211	bioterrorism agent	T131	C1955854
28166079	217	232	high risk group	T098	C0684030
28166079	233	241	includes	T169	C0332257
28166079	246	258	agricultural	T090	C4048190
28166079	263	283	construction workers	T097	C0403066
28166079	290	302	contact with	T169	C0332158
28166079	303	320	contaminated soil	T069	C0522737
28166079	325	330	water	T069	C0043056
28166079	350	358	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28166079	364	372	clinical	T080	C0205210
28166079	373	387	manifestations	T169	C0205319
28166079	400	422	asymptomatic infection	T047	C0275522
28166079	439	445	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28166079	450	458	diagnose	T033	C0011900
28166079	459	470	melioidosis	T047	C0025229
28166079	487	496	suspicion	T041	C0242114
28166079	508	517	isolation	T169	C0205409
28166079	522	536	identification	T080	C0205396
28166079	544	552	organism	T001	C0029235
28166079	562	570	clinical	T080	C0205210
28166079	571	578	samples	T077	C2347026
28166079	590	605	Early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
28166079	610	619	treatment	T061	C0087111
28166079	623	632	essential	T080	C0205224
28166079	637	643	better	T080	C0332272
28166079	644	651	outcome	T169	C1274040
28166079	660	669	reporting	T058	C0700287
28166079	680	691	melioidosis	T047	C0025229
28166079	711	735	osteomyelitis of humerus	T047	C3670047
28166079	741	754	intramuscular	T082	C0442117
28166079	755	762	abscess	T047	C0000833

28166262|t|L1 retrotransposon expression in circulating tumor cells
28166262|a|Long interspersed nuclear element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) belongs to the non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposon family, which has been implicated in carcinogenesis and disease progression. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are also known to be involved in cancer progression. The present study aimed to compare the L1 expression between circulating tumor cells and non-cancerous samples. Blood samples were collected from 10 healthy individuals and 22 patients with different types of cancer. The whole blood cells were isolated using enrichment protocols and the DNA and RNA were extracted. RT-qPCR was performed for L1-ORF1 (open reading frame 1) and L1-ORF2, using 18S rRNA as the reference gene. The data were analyzed with the Livak method and statistical analyses were carried out with the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In parallel with the above molecular biology experiments, FISH experiments were performed on the interphase nuclei of the cells for the detection of ORF2 RNA. DNA analysis revealed the presence of both ORF1 and ORF2 in all samples. RNA expression experiments demonstrated that ORF1 was not expressed in all samples, while ORF2 was expressed at varying levels in the non-cancer samples and the samples representing the different cancer types. A significant difference in ORF2 expression was observed between the CTCs and non-cancer samples (p = 0,00043), and significant differences were also observed between normal and lung (p = 0,034), pancreatic (p = 0,022), prostate (p = 0,014), and unknown primary of origin (p = 0,0039) cancer samples. Cytogenetic analysis revealed higher levels of ORF2 in the nuclei of CTCs than in normal samples. This study highlights the significant difference in L1-ORF2 expression between CTCs and normal samples. The increased expression levels observed for CTCs may be correlated with the characteristic features of these cells.
28166262	0	18	L1 retrotransposon	T116,T123	C3657719
28166262	19	29	expression	T045	C1171362
28166262	33	56	circulating tumor cells	T025	C0027625
28166262	57	92	Long interspersed nuclear element 1	T114,T123	C0600472
28166262	94	100	LINE-1	T114,T123	C0600472
28166262	104	106	L1	T114,T123	C0600472
28166262	123	180	non-long terminal repeat (non-LTR) retrotransposon family	T114	C0600401
28166262	211	225	carcinogenesis	T191	C0596263
28166262	230	249	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28166262	251	274	Circulating tumor cells	T025	C0027625
28166262	276	280	CTCs	T025	C0027625
28166262	315	333	cancer progression	T046	C1947901
28166262	374	376	L1	T116,T123	C3657719
28166262	377	387	expression	T045	C1171362
28166262	396	419	circulating tumor cells	T025	C0027625
28166262	424	437	non-cancerous	T025	C1268443
28166262	438	445	samples	T167	C0370003
28166262	447	460	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
28166262	484	491	healthy	T080	C3898900
28166262	492	503	individuals	T098	C0237401
28166262	511	519	patients	T101	C0030705
28166262	544	550	cancer	T191	C0006826
28166262	556	573	whole blood cells	T025	C0005773
28166262	579	587	isolated	T169	C0205409
28166262	605	614	protocols	T170	C1507394
28166262	623	626	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28166262	631	634	RNA	T114	C0035668
28166262	651	658	RT-qPCR	T063	C1514628
28166262	677	684	L1-ORF1	T116,T123	C1530039
28166262	712	719	L1-ORF2	T116,T126	C1530040
28166262	727	735	18S rRNA	T028	C0017337
28166262	753	757	gene	T028	C0017337
28166262	763	767	data	T078	C1511726
28166262	791	803	Livak method	T062	C3900047
28166262	808	828	statistical analyses	T081	C0010998
28166262	855	867	Mann-Whitney	T170	C1708930
28166262	872	892	Kruskal-Wallis tests	T170	C1708614
28166262	921	950	molecular biology experiments	T062	C0681814
28166262	952	968	FISH experiments	T063	C0162789
28166262	991	1008	interphase nuclei	T026	C0230528
28166262	1016	1021	cells	T025	C0007634
28166262	1030	1039	detection	T033	C0442726
28166262	1043	1051	ORF2 RNA	T114	C1254348
28166262	1053	1065	DNA analysis	T059	C0200898
28166262	1079	1087	presence	T033	C0150312
28166262	1096	1100	ORF1	T116,T123	C2604410
28166262	1105	1109	ORF2	T116,T126	C2604420
28166262	1117	1124	samples	T167	C0370003
28166262	1126	1140	RNA expression	T045	C1171362
28166262	1141	1152	experiments	T062	C0681814
28166262	1171	1175	ORF1	T116,T123	C2604410
28166262	1184	1193	expressed	T045	C1171362
28166262	1201	1208	samples	T167	C0370003
28166262	1216	1220	ORF2	T116,T126	C2604420
28166262	1225	1234	expressed	T045	C1171362
28166262	1238	1252	varying levels	T080	C0441889
28166262	1260	1270	non-cancer	T025	C1268443
28166262	1271	1278	samples	T167	C0370003
28166262	1287	1294	samples	T167	C0370003
28166262	1322	1328	cancer	T191	C0006826
28166262	1364	1368	ORF2	T116,T126	C2604420
28166262	1369	1379	expression	T045	C1171362
28166262	1405	1409	CTCs	T025	C0027625
28166262	1414	1424	non-cancer	T025	C1268443
28166262	1425	1432	samples	T167	C0370003
28166262	1503	1509	normal	T025	C1268443
28166262	1514	1518	lung	T025	C0334227
28166262	1532	1542	pancreatic	T025	C0334227
28166262	1556	1564	prostate	T025	C0334227
28166262	1582	1607	unknown primary of origin	T025	C0334227
28166262	1621	1627	cancer	T191	C0006826
28166262	1628	1635	samples	T167	C0370003
28166262	1637	1657	Cytogenetic analysis	T063	C0752095
28166262	1674	1680	levels	T080	C0441889
28166262	1684	1688	ORF2	T116,T126	C2604420
28166262	1696	1702	nuclei	T026	C0007610
28166262	1706	1710	CTCs	T025	C0027625
28166262	1719	1733	normal samples	T025	C1268443
28166262	1787	1794	L1-ORF2	T116,T126	C1530040
28166262	1795	1805	expression	T045	C1171362
28166262	1814	1818	CTCs	T025	C0027625
28166262	1823	1837	normal samples	T025	C1268443
28166262	1853	1870	expression levels	T081	C3244092
28166262	1884	1888	CTCs	T025	C0027625
28166262	1896	1906	correlated	T080	C1707520
28166262	1931	1939	features	T080	C2348519
28166262	1949	1954	cells	T025	C0007634

28166581|t|A Student - Led Introduction to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health for First- Year Medical Students
28166581|a|Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals face significant health disparities. This is in part because many physicians are not sensitive to, and/or are underprepared to address, LGBT - specific concerns. To help meet this need, we, a group of second- and fourth- year medical students with faculty oversight, organized a session on LGBT health for first- year medical students. The three second- year and one fourth- year student authors designed a mandatory session for the 167 first- years at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland, OH. The 2-hour session consisted of a student - delivered presentation, a patient panel, and a small-group session. Students ' LGBT health knowledge and confidence in providing care were assessed anonymously before and after the session, and individuals ' pre - and post - session assessments were paired using student - generated identifiers. A total of 73 complete, matched pre -/ post - session assessments were received. Students ' familiarity with LGBT terminology and demographics increased significantly after the session. Students ' perceived preparedness and comfort in providing LGBT - specific care significantly improved in most areas as well. Students strongly praised the session, in particular the patient panel. A student - led educational session on LGBT health can effectively improve first- year medical students ' LGBT knowledge and confidence to provide care.
28166581	2	9	Student	T098	C0038492
28166581	12	15	Led	T169	C1522538
28166581	16	28	Introduction	T169	C0579004
28166581	32	39	Lesbian	T098	C1533642
28166581	41	44	Gay	T098	C0242657
28166581	46	54	Bisexual	T098	C0178515
28166581	60	71	Transgender	T098	C3266856
28166581	72	78	Health	T078	C0018684
28166581	90	94	Year	T079	C0439234
28166581	95	111	Medical Students	T097	C0038495
28166581	112	119	Lesbian	T098	C1533642
28166581	121	124	gay	T098	C0242657
28166581	126	134	bisexual	T098	C0178515
28166581	140	151	transgender	T098	C3266856
28166581	153	157	LGBT	T098	C4277573
28166581	159	170	individuals	T098	C0237401
28166581	176	187	significant	T078	C0750502
28166581	188	206	health disparities	T033	C1171307
28166581	219	223	part	T082	C0449719
28166581	237	247	physicians	T097	C0031831
28166581	256	265	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28166581	281	294	underprepared	T185	C4082133
28166581	307	311	LGBT	T098	C4277573
28166581	314	322	specific	T080	C0205369
28166581	323	331	concerns	T078	C2699424
28166581	341	345	meet	T067	C1550543
28166581	351	355	need	T080	C0027552
28166581	363	368	group	T078	C0441833
28166581	392	396	year	T079	C0439234
28166581	397	413	medical students	T097	C0038495
28166581	419	426	faculty	T097	C0015537
28166581	427	436	oversight	T057	C1273870
28166581	438	447	organized	T169	C1300196
28166581	450	457	session	T077	C1883017
28166581	461	465	LGBT	T098	C4277573
28166581	466	472	health	T078	C0018684
28166581	484	488	year	T079	C0439234
28166581	489	505	medical students	T097	C0038495
28166581	525	529	year	T079	C0439234
28166581	546	550	year	T079	C0439234
28166581	551	558	student	T098	C0038492
28166581	559	566	authors	T097	C3812881
28166581	567	575	designed	T052	C1707689
28166581	578	587	mandatory	UnknownType	C0680276
28166581	588	595	session	T077	C1883017
28166581	615	620	years	T079	C0439234
28166581	624	674	Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine	T073,T092	C0041740
28166581	678	687	Cleveland	T083	C0454845
28166581	689	691	OH	T083	C0028905
28166581	697	703	2-hour	T079	C1292425
28166581	704	711	session	T077	C1883017
28166581	727	734	student	T098	C0038492
28166581	737	746	delivered	T169	C1705822
28166581	747	759	presentation	T078	C0449450
28166581	763	770	patient	T101	C0030705
28166581	771	776	panel	T078	C0441833
28166581	784	795	small-group	T102	C0679993
28166581	796	803	session	T077	C1883017
28166581	805	813	Students	T098	C0038492
28166581	816	820	LGBT	T098	C4277573
28166581	821	837	health knowledge	T033	C0518904
28166581	842	852	confidence	T041	C0237529
28166581	856	870	providing care	T058	C1254363
28166581	876	884	assessed	T052	C1516048
28166581	885	896	anonymously	T080	C2346787
28166581	897	903	before	T079	C0332152
28166581	908	913	after	T079	C0687676
28166581	918	925	session	T077	C1883017
28166581	931	942	individuals	T098	C0237401
28166581	945	948	pre	T079	C0332152
28166581	955	959	post	T079	C0687676
28166581	962	969	session	T077	C1883017
28166581	970	981	assessments	T052	C1516048
28166581	987	993	paired	T080	C1709450
28166581	1000	1007	student	T098	C0038492
28166581	1010	1019	generated	T052	C3146294
28166581	1020	1031	identifiers	T170	C0600091
28166581	1035	1040	total	T080	C0439810
28166581	1047	1055	complete	T080	C0205197
28166581	1057	1064	matched	T080	C1708943
28166581	1065	1068	pre	T079	C0332152
28166581	1072	1076	post	T079	C0687676
28166581	1079	1086	session	T077	C1883017
28166581	1087	1098	assessments	T052	C1516048
28166581	1104	1112	received	T080	C1514756
28166581	1114	1122	Students	T098	C0038492
28166581	1125	1136	familiarity	T041	C0600269
28166581	1142	1146	LGBT	T098	C4277573
28166581	1147	1158	terminology	T170	C0028275
28166581	1163	1175	demographics	T090	C0011298
28166581	1176	1185	increased	T081	C0205217
28166581	1186	1199	significantly	T078	C0750502
28166581	1210	1217	session	T077	C1883017
28166581	1219	1227	Students	T098	C0038492
28166581	1230	1239	perceived	T041	C0030971
28166581	1240	1252	preparedness	T033	C1318963
28166581	1257	1264	comfort	T041	C1331418
28166581	1268	1277	providing	T058	C1254363
28166581	1278	1282	LGBT	T098	C4277573
28166581	1285	1293	specific	T080	C0205369
28166581	1294	1298	care	T052	C1947933
28166581	1299	1312	significantly	T078	C0750502
28166581	1313	1321	improved	T033	C0184511
28166581	1345	1353	Students	T098	C0038492
28166581	1363	1370	praised	T054	C0557963
28166581	1375	1382	session	T077	C1883017
28166581	1402	1409	patient	T101	C0030705
28166581	1410	1415	panel	T078	C0441833
28166581	1419	1426	student	T098	C0038492
28166581	1429	1432	led	T169	C1522538
28166581	1433	1452	educational session	T065	C0013652
28166581	1456	1460	LGBT	T098	C4277573
28166581	1461	1467	health	T078	C0018684
28166581	1472	1483	effectively	T080	C1704419
28166581	1484	1491	improve	T033	C0184511
28166581	1499	1503	year	T079	C0439234
28166581	1504	1520	medical students	T097	C0038495
28166581	1523	1527	LGBT	T098	C4277573
28166581	1528	1537	knowledge	T033	C0518904
28166581	1542	1552	confidence	T041	C0237529
28166581	1556	1568	provide care	T058	C1254363

28166607|t|Recombinant fibrinogen reveals the differential roles of α- and γ-chain cross-linking and molecular heterogeneity in fibrin clot strain-stiffening
28166607|a|Essentials Fibrinogen circulates in human plasma as a complex mixture of heterogeneous molecular variants. We measured strain-stiffening of recombinantly produced fibrinogen upon clotting. Factor XIII and molecular heterogeneity alter clot elasticity at the protofibril and fiber level. This highlights the hitherto unknown role of molecular composition in fibrin clot mechanics. Background Fibrin plays a crucial role in haemostasis and wound healing by forming strain-stiffening fibrous networks that reinforce blood clots. The molecular origin of fibrin's strain-stiffening behavior remains poorly understood, primarily because plasma fibrinogen is a complex mixture of heterogeneous molecular variants and is often contaminated by plasma factors that affect clot properties. Objectives and methods To facilitate mechanistic dissection of fibrin nonlinear elasticity, we produced a homogeneous recombinant fibrinogen corresponding to the main variant in human plasma, termed rFib610. We characterized the structure of rFib610 clots using turbidimetry, microscopy and X-ray scattering. We used rheology to measure the strain-stiffening behavior of the clots and determined the fiber properties by modeling the clots as semi-flexible polymer networks. Results We show that addition of FXIII to rFib610 clots causes a dose-dependent stiffness increase at small deformations and renders the strain-stiffening response reversible. We find that γ-chain cross-linking contributes to clot elasticity by changing the force-extension behavior of the protofibrils, whereas α-chain cross-linking stiffens the fibers, as a consequence of tighter coupling between the constituent protofibrils. Interestingly, rFib610 protofibrils have a 25% larger bending rigidity than plasma -purified fibrin protofibrils and a delayed strain-stiffening, indicating that molecular heterogeneity influences clot mechanics at the protofibril scale. Conclusions Fibrinogen molecular heterogeneity and FXIII affect the mechanical function of fibrin clots by altering the nonlinear viscoelastic properties at the protofibril and fiber scale. This work provides a starting point to investigate the role of molecular heterogeneity of plasma fibrinogen in fibrin clot mechanics and haemostasis.
28166607	0	11	Recombinant	T116	C0034861
28166607	12	22	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	35	47	differential	T080	C1705242
28166607	57	59	α-	T116,T123	C0033684
28166607	64	71	γ-chain	T116,T123	C0033684
28166607	72	85	cross-linking	T044	C0314675
28166607	90	99	molecular	T080	C1521991
28166607	100	113	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28166607	117	128	fibrin clot	T044	C3156338
28166607	129	146	strain-stiffening	T070	C0013764
28166607	158	168	Fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	169	179	circulates	T169	C0175630
28166607	183	188	human	T016	C0086418
28166607	189	195	plasma	T031	C0032105
28166607	201	208	complex	T104	C1704241
28166607	209	216	mixture	T167	C0439962
28166607	220	233	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28166607	234	243	molecular	T080	C1521991
28166607	244	252	variants	T080	C0205419
28166607	257	265	measured	T080	C0444706
28166607	266	283	strain-stiffening	T070	C0013764
28166607	287	300	recombinantly	T045	C0034865
28166607	310	320	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	326	334	clotting	T042	C0005778
28166607	336	347	Factor XIII	T116,T121,T126	C0015528
28166607	352	361	molecular	T080	C1521991
28166607	362	375	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28166607	382	386	clot	T044	C3156338
28166607	387	397	elasticity	T070	C0013764
28166607	405	416	protofibril	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
28166607	421	426	fiber	T024	C1304649
28166607	479	488	molecular	T080	C1521991
28166607	489	500	composition	T080	C0205198
28166607	504	515	fibrin clot	T044	C3156338
28166607	516	525	mechanics	T070	C0376706
28166607	538	544	Fibrin	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
28166607	569	580	haemostasis	T042	C0019116
28166607	585	598	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28166607	610	627	strain-stiffening	T070	C0013764
28166607	628	644	fibrous networks	T026	C0243092
28166607	660	671	blood clots	T046	C0302148
28166607	677	686	molecular	T080	C1521991
28166607	697	705	fibrin's	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
28166607	706	723	strain-stiffening	T070	C0013764
28166607	778	784	plasma	T031	C0032105
28166607	785	795	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	801	808	complex	T104	C1704241
28166607	809	816	mixture	T167	C0439962
28166607	820	833	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28166607	834	843	molecular	T080	C1521991
28166607	844	852	variants	T080	C0205419
28166607	882	896	plasma factors	T116,T123	C0033684
28166607	909	913	clot	T044	C3156338
28166607	914	924	properties	T080	C0871161
28166607	963	985	mechanistic dissection	T169	C0205245
28166607	989	995	fibrin	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
28166607	996	1016	nonlinear elasticity	T070	C0013764
28166607	1032	1043	homogeneous	T080	C1881065
28166607	1044	1055	recombinant	T116	C0034861
28166607	1056	1066	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	1093	1100	variant	T080	C0205419
28166607	1104	1109	human	T016	C0086418
28166607	1110	1116	plasma	T031	C0032105
28166607	1125	1132	rFib610	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	1155	1164	structure	T082	C0678594
28166607	1168	1175	rFib610	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	1176	1181	clots	T044	C3156338
28166607	1188	1200	turbidimetry	T059	C0041394
28166607	1202	1212	microscopy	T059	C0026018
28166607	1217	1233	X-ray scattering	T059	C0043301
28166607	1243	1251	rheology	T059	C0599706
28166607	1255	1262	measure	T081	C0079809
28166607	1267	1284	strain-stiffening	T070	C0013764
28166607	1301	1306	clots	T044	C3156338
28166607	1326	1331	fiber	T024	C1304649
28166607	1332	1342	properties	T080	C0871161
28166607	1346	1354	modeling	T062	C0870071
28166607	1359	1364	clots	T044	C3156338
28166607	1368	1398	semi-flexible polymer networks	T169	C1882071
28166607	1433	1438	FXIII	T116,T121,T126	C0015528
28166607	1442	1449	rFib610	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	1450	1455	clots	T044	C3156338
28166607	1465	1489	dose-dependent stiffness	T080	C0018599
28166607	1508	1520	deformations	T169	C0333067
28166607	1537	1554	strain-stiffening	T070	C0013764
28166607	1589	1596	γ-chain	T116,T123	C0033684
28166607	1597	1610	cross-linking	T044	C0314675
28166607	1626	1630	clot	T044	C3156338
28166607	1631	1641	elasticity	T070	C0013764
28166607	1658	1682	force-extension behavior	T169	C0205245
28166607	1690	1702	protofibrils	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
28166607	1712	1719	α-chain	T116,T123	C0033684
28166607	1720	1733	cross-linking	T044	C0314675
28166607	1747	1753	fibers	T024	C1304649
28166607	1775	1791	tighter coupling	T169	C1948027
28166607	1816	1828	protofibrils	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
28166607	1845	1852	rFib610	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	1853	1865	protofibrils	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
28166607	1884	1900	bending rigidity	T080	C0018599
28166607	1906	1912	plasma	T031	C0032105
28166607	1923	1929	fibrin	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
28166607	1930	1942	protofibrils	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
28166607	1957	1974	strain-stiffening	T070	C0013764
28166607	1992	2001	molecular	T080	C1521991
28166607	2002	2015	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28166607	2016	2026	influences	T077	C4054723
28166607	2027	2031	clot	T044	C3156338
28166607	2032	2041	mechanics	T070	C0376706
28166607	2049	2066	protofibril scale	T116,T121,T123	C0015982
28166607	2080	2090	Fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	2091	2100	molecular	T080	C1521991
28166607	2101	2114	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28166607	2119	2124	FXIII	T116,T121,T126	C0015528
28166607	2136	2155	mechanical function	T169	C0542341
28166607	2159	2171	fibrin clots	T044	C3156338
28166607	2188	2221	nonlinear viscoelastic properties	T080	C0871161
28166607	2229	2240	protofibril	T026	C0230898
28166607	2245	2256	fiber scale	T024	C1304649
28166607	2297	2308	investigate	T169	C1292732
28166607	2321	2330	molecular	T080	C1521991
28166607	2331	2344	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28166607	2348	2354	plasma	T031	C0032105
28166607	2355	2365	fibrinogen	T116,T121,T123	C0016006
28166607	2369	2380	fibrin clot	T044	C3156338
28166607	2381	2390	mechanics	T070	C0376706
28166607	2395	2406	haemostasis	T042	C0019116

28166728|t|Why being an expert - despite xpert -remains crucial for children in high TB burden settings
28166728|a|As access to Xpert expands in high TB-burden settings, its performance against clinically diagnosed TB as a reference standard provides important insight as the majority of childhood TB is bacteriologically unconfirmed. We aim to describe the characteristics and outcomes of children with presumptive TB and TB disease, and assess performance of Xpert under programmatic conditions against a clinical diagnosis of TB as a reference standard. Retrospective review of children evaluated for presumptive TB in Mbeya, Tanzania. Baseline characteristics were compared by TB disease status and, for patients diagnosed with TB, by TB confirmation status using Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated to assess the performance of Xpert, smear, and culture against clinical TB. Kappa statistics were calculated to assess agreement between Xpert and smear to culture. Among children (N = 455) evaluated for presumptive TB, 70.3% (320/455) had Xpert and 62.8% (286/455) had culture performed on sputa. 34.5% (157/455) were diagnosed with TB: 80.3% (126/157) pulmonary TB, 13.4% (21/157) bacteriologically confirmed, 53.5% (84/157) HIV positive, and 48.4% (76/157) inpatients. Compared to the reference standard of clinical diagnosis, sensitivity of Xpert was 8% (95% CI 4-15), smear 6% (95% CI 3-12) and culture 16% (95% CI 9-24), and did not differ based on patient disposition, nutrition or HIV status. Despite access to Xpert, the majority of children with presumptive TB were treated based on clinical diagnosis. Reflecting the reality of clinical practice in resource limited settings, new diagnostics such as Xpert serve as important adjunctive tests but will not obviate the need for astute clinicians and comprehensive diagnostic algorithms.
28166728	30	35	xpert	T059	C0200932
28166728	57	65	children	T100	C0008059
28166728	74	76	TB	T047	C0041296
28166728	77	92	burden settings	T073,T093	C0815184
28166728	106	111	Xpert	T059	C0200932
28166728	123	146	high TB-burden settings	T073,T093	C0815184
28166728	172	192	clinically diagnosed	T060	C0332140
28166728	193	195	TB	T047	C0041296
28166728	201	219	reference standard	T081	C0034925
28166728	266	275	childhood	T079	C0231335
28166728	276	278	TB	T047	C0041296
28166728	282	311	bacteriologically unconfirmed	T033	C3640837
28166728	356	364	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28166728	368	376	children	T100	C0008059
28166728	382	396	presumptive TB	UnknownType	C0749714
28166728	401	411	TB disease	T047	C0041296
28166728	439	444	Xpert	T059	C0200932
28166728	485	503	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
28166728	507	509	TB	T047	C0041296
28166728	515	533	reference standard	T081	C0034925
28166728	549	558	review of	T169	C0699752
28166728	559	567	children	T100	C0008059
28166728	582	596	presumptive TB	UnknownType	C0749714
28166728	600	605	Mbeya	T083	C0017446
28166728	607	615	Tanzania	T083	C0039298
28166728	617	625	Baseline	T081	C1442488
28166728	659	669	TB disease	T047	C0041296
28166728	686	694	patients	T101	C0030705
28166728	695	704	diagnosed	T060	C0332140
28166728	710	712	TB	T047	C0041296
28166728	717	719	TB	T047	C0041296
28166728	746	768	Wilcoxon rank sum test	T081	C0242928
28166728	802	817	Chi-square test	T170	C0008041
28166728	845	856	Sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28166728	861	872	specificity	T081	C0037791
28166728	918	923	Xpert	T059	C0200932
28166728	925	930	smear	T060	C0444186
28166728	936	943	culture	T060	C0430022
28166728	961	963	TB	T047	C0041296
28166728	965	981	Kappa statistics	T170	C0439099
28166728	1001	1007	assess	T058	C0184514
28166728	1026	1031	Xpert	T059	C0200932
28166728	1036	1041	smear	T060	C0444186
28166728	1045	1052	culture	T060	C0430022
28166728	1060	1068	children	T100	C0008059
28166728	1093	1107	presumptive TB	UnknownType	C0749714
28166728	1129	1134	Xpert	T059	C0200932
28166728	1159	1166	culture	T060	C0430022
28166728	1180	1185	sputa	T031	C0038056
28166728	1208	1217	diagnosed	T060	C0332140
28166728	1223	1225	TB	T047	C0041296
28166728	1243	1255	pulmonary TB	T047	C0041327
28166728	1272	1299	bacteriologically confirmed	T033	C3640837
28166728	1316	1328	HIV positive	T033	C2186509
28166728	1349	1359	inpatients	T101	C0030705
28166728	1377	1395	reference standard	T081	C0034925
28166728	1399	1417	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
28166728	1419	1430	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28166728	1434	1439	Xpert	T059	C0200932
28166728	1462	1467	smear	T060	C0444186
28166728	1489	1496	culture	T060	C0430022
28166728	1544	1563	patient disposition	T058	C0184758
28166728	1565	1574	nutrition	T033	C0392209
28166728	1578	1588	HIV status	T033	C0458074
28166728	1608	1613	Xpert	T059	C0200932
28166728	1631	1639	children	T100	C0008059
28166728	1645	1659	presumptive TB	UnknownType	C0749714
28166728	1682	1700	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
28166728	1728	1745	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
28166728	1749	1774	resource limited settings	T073,T093	C0815184
28166728	1780	1791	diagnostics	T060	C0086143
28166728	1800	1805	Xpert	T059	C0200932
28166728	1825	1841	adjunctive tests	T170	C0392366
28166728	1883	1893	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28166728	1898	1933	comprehensive diagnostic algorithms	T170	C0679508

28166758|t|Stromal alterations in ovarian cancers via wavelength dependent Second Harmonic Generation microscopy and optical scattering
28166758|a|Ovarian cancer remains the most deadly gynecological cancer with a poor aggregate survival rate; however, the specific rates are highly dependent on the stage of the disease upon diagnosis. Current screening and imaging tools are insufficient to detect early lesions and are not capable of differentiating the subtypes of ovarian cancer that may benefit from specific treatments. As an alternative to current screening and imaging tools, we utilized wavelength dependent collagen -specific Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging microscopy and optical scattering measurements to probe the structural differences in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of normal stroma, benign tumors, endometrioid tumors, and low and high-grade serous tumors. The SHG signatures of the emission directionality and conversion efficiency as well as the optical scattering are related to the organization of collagen on the sub-micron size scale and encode structural information. The wavelength dependence of these readouts adds additional characterization of the size and distribution of collagen fibrils / fibers relative to the interrogating wavelengths. We found a strong wavelength dependence of these metrics that are related to significant structural differences in the collagen organization and are consistent with the dualistic classification of type I and II serous tumors. Moreover, type I endometrioid tumors have strongly differing ECM architecture than the serous malignancies. The SHG metrics and optical scattering measurements were used to form a linear discriminant model to classify the tissues, and we obtained high accuracy (>90%) between high-grade serous tumors from the other tissue types. High-grade serous tumors account for ~70% of ovarian cancers, and this delineation has potential clinical applications in terms of supplementing histological analysis, understanding the etiology, as well as development of an in vivo screening tool. SHG and optical scattering measurements provide sub-resolution information and when combined provide superior diagnostic power over clinical imaging modalities. Additionally the measurements are able to delineate the different subtypes of ovarian cancer and may potentially assist in treatment protocols. Understanding the altered collagen assembly can supplement histological analysis and provide new insight into the etiology. These methods could become an in vivo screening tool for earlier detection which is important since ovarian malignancies can metastasize while undetectable by current clinical imaging resolution.
28166758	0	19	Stromal alterations	T033	C1336512
28166758	23	38	ovarian cancers	T191	C0029925
28166758	43	53	wavelength	T081	C0449819
28166758	54	63	dependent	T080	C0851827
28166758	64	101	Second Harmonic Generation microscopy	T059	C0026018
28166758	106	124	optical scattering	T067	C0596837
28166758	125	139	Ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
28166758	164	177	gynecological	T091	C0018417
28166758	178	184	cancer	T191	C0006826
28166758	207	220	survival rate	T081	C0038954
28166758	235	249	specific rates	T081	C2986538
28166758	261	270	dependent	T080	C0851827
28166758	291	298	disease	T047	C0012634
28166758	304	313	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28166758	323	332	screening	T058	C0220908
28166758	337	350	imaging tools	T074	C1512629
28166758	378	391	early lesions	T033	C0221198
28166758	435	443	subtypes	T185	C0872379
28166758	447	461	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
28166758	493	503	treatments	T061	C0087111
28166758	534	543	screening	T058	C0220908
28166758	548	561	imaging tools	T074	C1512629
28166758	575	585	wavelength	T081	C0449819
28166758	586	595	dependent	T080	C0851827
28166758	596	604	collagen	T116	C0009325
28166758	615	666	Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) imaging microscopy	T059	C0026018
28166758	671	702	optical scattering measurements	T059	C0027692
28166758	716	726	structural	T116	C1510464
28166758	727	738	differences	T080	C1705242
28166758	746	766	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
28166758	768	771	ECM	T024	C0015350
28166758	783	789	stroma	T023	C0927195
28166758	791	804	benign tumors	T191	C0086692
28166758	806	825	endometrioid tumors	T191	C0474809
28166758	831	834	low	T191	C3839184
28166758	839	863	high-grade serous tumors	T191	C3839280
28166758	869	872	SHG	T059	C0026018
28166758	873	883	signatures	T169	C1704864
28166758	919	929	conversion	T169	C0439836
28166758	930	940	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28166758	956	974	optical scattering	T067	C0596837
28166758	994	1006	organization	T169	C1300196
28166758	1010	1018	collagen	T116	C0009325
28166758	1026	1036	sub-micron	T081	C0439201
28166758	1037	1047	size scale	T170	C0282574
28166758	1059	1069	structural	T116	C1510464
28166758	1070	1081	information	T078	C1533716
28166758	1087	1097	wavelength	T081	C0449819
28166758	1098	1108	dependence	T080	C0851827
28166758	1167	1171	size	T082	C0456389
28166758	1176	1188	distribution	T169	C1704711
28166758	1192	1208	collagen fibrils	T024	C1179626
28166758	1211	1217	fibers	T024	C0225325
28166758	1248	1259	wavelengths	T081	C0449819
28166758	1279	1289	wavelength	T081	C0449819
28166758	1290	1300	dependence	T080	C0851827
28166758	1310	1317	metrics	T024	C0015350
28166758	1350	1360	structural	T116	C1510464
28166758	1361	1372	differences	T080	C1705242
28166758	1380	1388	collagen	T116	C0009325
28166758	1389	1401	organization	T169	C1300196
28166758	1440	1454	classification	T185	C0008902
28166758	1458	1485	type I and II serous tumors	T191	C0476122
28166758	1497	1523	type I endometrioid tumors	T191	C0474809
28166758	1548	1551	ECM	T024	C0015350
28166758	1574	1593	serous malignancies	T191	C0476122
28166758	1599	1602	SHG	T059	C0026018
28166758	1603	1610	metrics	T024	C0015350
28166758	1615	1646	optical scattering measurements	T059	C0027692
28166758	1667	1692	linear discriminant model	T170	C3161035
28166758	1709	1716	tissues	T024	C0040300
28166758	1763	1787	high-grade serous tumors	T191	C3839280
28166758	1803	1815	tissue types	T024	C2713035
28166758	1817	1841	High-grade serous tumors	T191	C3839280
28166758	1862	1877	ovarian cancers	T191	C0029925
28166758	1962	1983	histological analysis	UnknownType	C0679557
28166758	2003	2011	etiology	T169	C1314792
28166758	2042	2049	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28166758	2050	2064	screening tool	T058	C0220908
28166758	2066	2069	SHG	T059	C0026018
28166758	2074	2105	optical scattering measurements	T059	C0027692
28166758	2129	2140	information	T078	C1533716
28166758	2167	2192	superior diagnostic power	T060	C0430022
28166758	2198	2214	clinical imaging	T060	C0011923
28166758	2215	2225	modalities	T169	C1275506
28166758	2244	2256	measurements	T169	C0242485
28166758	2293	2301	subtypes	T185	C0872379
28166758	2305	2319	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
28166758	2350	2369	treatment protocols	T061	C0040808
28166758	2389	2396	altered	T078	C1515926
28166758	2397	2405	collagen	T116	C0009325
28166758	2430	2451	histological analysis	UnknownType	C0679557
28166758	2485	2493	etiology	T169	C1314792
28166758	2525	2532	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28166758	2533	2547	screening tool	T058	C0220908
28166758	2595	2615	ovarian malignancies	T191	C1140680
28166758	2620	2631	metastasize	T191	C0027627
28166758	2662	2678	clinical imaging	T060	C0011923

28166877|t|Effects of display curvature, display zone, and task duration on legibility and visual fatigue during visual search task
28166877|a|This study examined the effects of display curvature (400, 600, 1200 mm, and flat), display zone (5 zones), and task duration (15 and 30 min) on legibility and visual fatigue. Each participant completed two 15-min visual search task sets at each curvature setting. The 600-mm and 1200-mm settings yielded better results than the flat setting in terms of legibility and perceived visual fatigue. Relative to the corresponding centre zone, the outermost zones of the 1200-mm and flat settings showed a decrease of 8%-37% in legibility, whereas those of the flat setting showed an increase of 26%-45% in perceived visual fatigue. Across curvature s, legibility decreased by 2%-8%, whereas perceived visual fatigue increased by 22% during the second task set. The two task sets induced an increase of 102% in the eye complaint score and a decrease of 0.3 Hz in the critical fusion frequency, both of which indicated an increase in visual fatigue. In summary, a curvature of around 600 mm, central display zones, and frequent breaks are recommended to improve legibility and reduce visual fatigue.
28166877	11	18	display	T169	C0870432
28166877	19	28	curvature	T082	C0205134
28166877	30	37	display	T169	C0870432
28166877	38	42	zone	T082	C1710706
28166877	48	52	task	UnknownType	C0679599
28166877	53	61	duration	T079	C0449238
28166877	65	75	legibility	T033	C0870803
28166877	80	94	visual fatigue	T047	C0004095
28166877	102	120	visual search task	UnknownType	C0679599
28166877	156	163	display	T169	C0870432
28166877	164	173	curvature	T082	C0205134
28166877	198	202	flat	T082	C0205324
28166877	205	212	display	T169	C0870432
28166877	213	217	zone	T082	C1710706
28166877	221	226	zones	T082	C1710706
28166877	233	237	task	UnknownType	C0679599
28166877	238	246	duration	T079	C0449238
28166877	266	276	legibility	T033	C0870803
28166877	281	295	visual fatigue	T047	C0004095
28166877	302	313	participant	T098	C0679646
28166877	335	353	visual search task	UnknownType	C0679599
28166877	367	376	curvature	T082	C0205134
28166877	377	384	setting	T082	C0442307
28166877	409	417	settings	T082	C0442307
28166877	450	454	flat	T082	C0205324
28166877	455	462	setting	T082	C0442307
28166877	475	485	legibility	T033	C0870803
28166877	500	514	visual fatigue	T047	C0004095
28166877	546	552	centre	T082	C0205099
28166877	553	557	zone	T082	C1710706
28166877	573	578	zones	T082	C1710706
28166877	598	602	flat	T082	C0205324
28166877	603	611	settings	T082	C0442307
28166877	643	653	legibility	T033	C0870803
28166877	676	680	flat	T082	C0205324
28166877	681	688	setting	T082	C0442307
28166877	699	707	increase	T169	C0442805
28166877	722	731	perceived	T041	C0030971
28166877	732	746	visual fatigue	T047	C0004095
28166877	755	764	curvature	T082	C0205134
28166877	768	778	legibility	T033	C0870803
28166877	779	788	decreased	T081	C0205216
28166877	807	816	perceived	T041	C0030971
28166877	817	831	visual fatigue	T047	C0004095
28166877	832	841	increased	T169	C0442805
28166877	867	875	task set	UnknownType	C0679599
28166877	885	894	task sets	UnknownType	C0679599
28166877	906	914	increase	T169	C0442805
28166877	930	949	eye complaint score	T081	C0449820
28166877	982	1007	critical fusion frequency	T034	C0234697
28166877	1036	1044	increase	T169	C0442805
28166877	1048	1062	visual fatigue	T047	C0004095
28166877	1078	1087	curvature	T082	C0205134
28166877	1106	1113	central	T082	C0205099
28166877	1114	1121	display	T169	C0870432
28166877	1122	1127	zones	T082	C1710706
28166877	1142	1148	breaks	T082	C0449647
28166877	1168	1175	improve	T033	C0184511
28166877	1176	1186	legibility	T033	C0870803
28166877	1198	1212	visual fatigue	T047	C0004095

28167269|t|Neighborhoods and racial/ethnic differences in ideal cardiovascular health (the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)
28167269|a|Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis baseline sample from 2000 to 2002 (N=5263; mean age =62) we examined cross-sectional racial/ethnic differences in ideal CVH, defined by the American Heart Association 2020 Impact Goals as a summary measure of ideal levels of blood pressure, fasting glucose, cholesterol, body mass index, diet, physical activity, and smoking. Using three different analytical approaches, we examined differences before and after adjustment for neighborhood socioeconomic, physical, and social environments. Significant racial/ethnic differences were present for all indicators of ideal CVH (excluding physical activity). Additional adjustments for neighborhood factors produced modest reductions in racial/ethnic differences. Future research is necessary to better understand the impact of neighborhood context on health disparities using longitudinal study designs.
28167269	0	13	Neighborhoods	T083	C0027569
28167269	18	43	racial/ethnic differences	T033	C0178822
28167269	47	52	ideal	T080	C1512612
28167269	53	67	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28167269	68	74	health	T078	C0018684
28167269	80	98	Multi-Ethnic Study	T062	C0681814
28167269	102	117	Atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28167269	125	129	data	T078	C1511726
28167269	139	157	Multi-Ethnic Study	T062	C0681814
28167269	161	176	Atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28167269	177	185	baseline	T081	C1442488
28167269	186	192	sample	T081	C2348153
28167269	220	224	mean	T081	C0444504
28167269	225	228	age	T032	C0001779
28167269	237	245	examined	T033	C0332128
28167269	262	287	racial/ethnic differences	T033	C0178822
28167269	291	296	ideal	T080	C1512612
28167269	297	300	CVH	T078	C0018684
28167269	302	309	defined	T170	C1704788
28167269	317	343	American Heart Association	T093	C0002458
28167269	349	355	Impact	T080	C4049986
28167269	356	361	Goals	T170	C0018017
28167269	367	374	summary	T170	C1706244
28167269	375	382	measure	T081	C0079809
28167269	386	391	ideal	T080	C1512612
28167269	392	398	levels	T080	C0441889
28167269	402	416	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28167269	418	425	fasting	T033	C0015663
28167269	426	433	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28167269	435	446	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28167269	448	463	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28167269	465	469	diet	T168	C0012155
28167269	471	488	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28167269	494	501	smoking	T055	C0037369
28167269	515	524	different	T080	C1705242
28167269	525	546	analytical approaches	T170	C0178476
28167269	551	559	examined	T033	C0332128
28167269	560	571	differences	T080	C1705242
28167269	572	578	before	T079	C0332152
28167269	583	588	after	T079	C1548614
28167269	589	599	adjustment	T169	C0456081
28167269	604	616	neighborhood	T083	C0027569
28167269	617	630	socioeconomic	T077	C0748878
28167269	632	640	physical	T082	C0557720
28167269	646	665	social environments	T078	C0037414
28167269	667	678	Significant	T078	C0750502
28167269	679	704	racial/ethnic differences	T033	C0178822
28167269	710	717	present	T033	C0150312
28167269	726	736	indicators	T080	C0525060
28167269	740	745	ideal	T080	C1512612
28167269	746	749	CVH	T078	C0018684
28167269	751	760	excluding	T169	C0332196
28167269	761	778	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28167269	781	791	Additional	T169	C1524062
28167269	792	803	adjustments	T169	C0456081
28167269	808	820	neighborhood	T083	C0027569
28167269	821	828	factors	T169	C1521761
28167269	838	844	modest	T080	C0205556
28167269	845	855	reductions	T080	C0392756
28167269	859	884	racial/ethnic differences	T033	C0178822
28167269	886	892	Future	T079	C0016884
28167269	893	901	research	T062	C0035168
28167269	918	924	better	T080	C0332272
28167269	925	935	understand	T041	C0162340
28167269	940	946	impact	T080	C4049986
28167269	950	970	neighborhood context	UnknownType	C0683590
28167269	974	992	health disparities	T033	C1171307
28167269	999	1025	longitudinal study designs	T062	C0035171

28167866|t|The Role of Metal-on-Metal Bearings in Total Hip Arthroplasty and Hip Resurfacing: Review Article
28167866|a|The current role of metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings in hip arthroplasty remains controversial. The low wear offered by MoM bearings compared to metal-on-polyethylene and the possibility of a lower risk of dislocation with larger head sizes, encouraged a trend towards the re-introduction of the MoM bearing couple. However, recent evidence has shown that not all designs of the MoM bearing have been successful. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the use of MoM bearings and address the following issues: (1) the reintroduction of metal-on-metal bearings in total hip arthroplasty, (2) the failure of metal-on-metal bearings in stemmed total hip arthroplasty, (3) the role of metal-on-metal hip resurfacing in modern orthopaedics and (4) metal-on-metal hip resurfacing versus total hip arthroplasty. A literature search strategy was conducted using various search terms in MEDLINE and Embase. The highest quality articles that met the inclusion criteria and best answered the topics of focus of this review were selected. Key search terms included ' metal-on-metal ', ' total hip arthroplasty ' and ' hip resurfacing '. The initial search retrieved 1240 articles. Twenty-two articles were selected and used in the review. Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing is still a suitable treatment option in specific patient populations with the appropriate implant design and surgical skill, while stemmed metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty should be avoided in all patient populations. Continued follow-up of patients undergoing metal-on-metal hip resurfacing is critical in order to further understand the long-term outcomes of these patients and why certain complications tend to occur with this procedure.
28167866	12	35	Metal-on-Metal Bearings	T074	C3494213
28167866	39	61	Total Hip Arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28167866	66	81	Hip Resurfacing	T061	C1719285
28167866	83	97	Review Article	T170	C0282443
28167866	118	147	metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings	T074	C3494213
28167866	151	167	hip arthroplasty	T061	C0186193
28167866	215	227	MoM bearings	T074	C3494213
28167866	240	261	metal-on-polyethylene	T074	C3880938
28167866	287	300	lower risk of	T081	C3538919
28167866	301	312	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28167866	318	335	larger head sizes	T080	C0205556
28167866	350	355	trend	T079	C1521798
28167866	368	383	re-introduction	T061	C0376495
28167866	391	402	MoM bearing	T074	C3494213
28167866	427	435	evidence	T078	C3887511
28167866	474	485	MoM bearing	T074	C3494213
28167866	496	506	successful	T080	C1272703
28167866	572	584	MoM bearings	T074	C3494213
28167866	627	641	reintroduction	T061	C0376495
28167866	645	668	metal-on-metal bearings	T074	C3494213
28167866	672	694	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28167866	715	738	metal-on-metal bearings	T074	C3494213
28167866	742	772	stemmed total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28167866	790	820	metal-on-metal hip resurfacing	T061	C1955625
28167866	831	843	orthopaedics	T091	C0029355
28167866	852	882	metal-on-metal hip resurfacing	T061	C1955625
28167866	890	912	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28167866	916	926	literature	T170	C0023866
28167866	934	942	strategy	T041	C0679199
28167866	987	994	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28167866	999	1005	Embase	T170	C0242356
28167866	1019	1035	quality articles	T170	C1706852
28167866	1049	1067	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28167866	1114	1120	review	T170	C0282443
28167866	1164	1178	metal-on-metal	T074	C3494213
28167866	1184	1206	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28167866	1215	1230	hip resurfacing	T061	C1719285
28167866	1268	1276	articles	T170	C1706852
28167866	1289	1297	articles	T170	C1706852
28167866	1328	1334	review	T170	C0282443
28167866	1336	1366	Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing	T074	C3881498
28167866	1387	1396	treatment	T061	C0087111
28167866	1407	1415	specific	T080	C0205369
28167866	1416	1435	patient populations	T081	C2361270
28167866	1445	1456	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28167866	1457	1471	implant design	T061	C0021107
28167866	1506	1543	metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty	T074	C3881498
28167866	1565	1588	all patient populations	T081	C2361270
28167866	1600	1609	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28167866	1613	1621	patients	T101	C0030705
28167866	1633	1663	metal-on-metal hip resurfacing	T061	C1955625
28167866	1667	1675	critical	T080	C1511545
28167866	1711	1720	long-term	T079	C0443252
28167866	1721	1729	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28167866	1739	1747	patients	T101	C0030705
28167866	1764	1777	complications	T046	C0009566

28167893|t|Morphogenetic Alterations of Alternaria alternata Exposed to Dicarboximide Fungicide, Iprodione
28167893|a|Fungicide-resistant Alternaria alternata impede the practical control of the Alternaria diseases in crop fields. This study aimed to investigate cytological fungicide resistance mechanisms of A. alternata against dicarboximide fungicide iprodione. A. alternata isolated from cactus brown spot was cultured on potato-dextrose agar (PDA) with or without iprodione, and the fungal cultures with different growth characteristics from no, initial and full growth were observed by light and electron microscopy. Mycelia began to grow from one day after incubation (DAI) and continued to be in full growth (control-growth, Con-G) on PDA without fungicide, while on PDA with iprodione, no fungal growth (iprodione-no growth, Ipr-N) occurred for the first 3 DAI, but once the initial growth (iprodione-initial growth, Ipr-I) began at 4-5 DAI, the colonies grew and expanded continuously to be in full growth (iprodione-growth, Ipr-G), suggesting Ipr-I may be a turning moment of the morphogenetic changes resisting fungicidal toxicity. Con-G formed multicellular conidia with cell walls and septa and intact dense cytoplasm. In Ipr-N, fungal sporulation was inhibited by forming mostly undeveloped unicellular conidia with degraded and necrotic cytoplasm. However, in Ipr-I, conspicuous cellular changes occurred during sporulation by forming multicellular conidia with double layered (thickened) cell walls and accumulation of proliferated lipid bodies in the conidial cytoplasm, which may inhibit the penetration of the fungicide into conidial cells, reducing fungicide - associated toxicity, and may be utilized as energy and nutritional sources, respectively, for the further fungal growth to form mature colonies as in Ipr-G that formed multicellular conidia with cell walls and intact cytoplasm with lipid bodies as in Con-G.
28167893	0	13	Morphogenetic	T040	C0026559
28167893	14	25	Alterations	T078	C1515926
28167893	29	49	Alternaria alternata	T004	C0320062
28167893	50	60	Exposed to	T080	C0332157
28167893	61	84	Dicarboximide Fungicide	T131	C0392419
28167893	86	95	Iprodione	T109,T131	C0123904
28167893	96	115	Fungicide-resistant	T169	C0332325
28167893	116	136	Alternaria alternata	T004	C0320062
28167893	158	165	control	T169	C2587213
28167893	173	192	Alternaria diseases	T047	C0026946
28167893	196	200	crop	T002	C0242775
28167893	201	207	fields	T090	C0001829
28167893	229	240	investigate	T169	C1292732
28167893	241	252	cytological	T169	C0205471
28167893	253	262	fungicide	T131	C0392419
28167893	263	273	resistance	T039	C1514892
28167893	274	284	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28167893	288	300	A. alternata	T004	C0320062
28167893	309	332	dicarboximide fungicide	T131	C0392419
28167893	333	342	iprodione	T109,T131	C0123904
28167893	344	356	A. alternata	T004	C0320062
28167893	357	365	isolated	T169	C0205409
28167893	371	377	cactus	T002	C0330340
28167893	378	388	brown spot	T077	C1705203
28167893	393	401	cultured	T059	C0200954
28167893	405	425	potato-dextrose agar	T130	C1254353
28167893	427	430	PDA	T130	C1254353
28167893	440	447	without	T080	C0332288
28167893	448	457	iprodione	T109,T131	C0123904
28167893	467	482	fungal cultures	T059	C0200954
28167893	488	497	different	T080	C1705242
28167893	498	504	growth	T040	C0018270
28167893	505	520	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28167893	526	528	no	T034	C3686837
28167893	530	537	initial	T079	C0205265
28167893	542	546	full	T080	C0443225
28167893	547	553	growth	T040	C0018270
28167893	559	567	observed	T169	C1441672
28167893	571	576	light	T059	C0430389
28167893	581	600	electron microscopy	T059	C0026019
28167893	602	609	Mycelia	T004	C0949695
28167893	619	623	grow	T040	C0018270
28167893	629	653	one day after incubation	T079	C1649476
28167893	655	658	DAI	T079	C1649476
28167893	664	673	continued	T078	C0549178
28167893	683	687	full	T080	C0443225
28167893	688	694	growth	T040	C0018270
28167893	696	710	control-growth	T040	C0018270
28167893	712	717	Con-G	T040	C0018270
28167893	722	725	PDA	T130	C1254353
28167893	734	743	fungicide	T131	C0392419
28167893	754	757	PDA	T130	C1254353
28167893	763	772	iprodione	T109,T131	C0123904
28167893	774	790	no fungal growth	T034	C3686837
28167893	792	811	iprodione-no growth	T034	C3686837
28167893	813	818	Ipr-N	T034	C3686837
28167893	845	848	DAI	T079	C1649476
28167893	863	870	initial	T079	C0205265
28167893	871	877	growth	T040	C0018270
28167893	879	903	iprodione-initial growth	T040	C0018270
28167893	905	910	Ipr-I	T040	C0018270
28167893	925	928	DAI	T079	C1254367
28167893	934	942	colonies	T025	C1947989
28167893	952	960	expanded	T082	C0205229
28167893	961	973	continuously	T078	C0549178
28167893	983	987	full	T080	C0443225
28167893	988	994	growth	T040	C0018270
28167893	996	1012	iprodione-growth	T040	C0018270
28167893	1014	1019	Ipr-G	T040	C0018270
28167893	1033	1038	Ipr-I	T040	C0018270
28167893	1070	1083	morphogenetic	T040	C0026559
28167893	1084	1091	changes	T169	C0392747
28167893	1092	1101	resisting	T039	C1514892
28167893	1102	1112	fungicidal	T044	C1321381
28167893	1113	1121	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28167893	1123	1128	Con-G	T040	C0018270
28167893	1136	1157	multicellular conidia	T004	C0038029
28167893	1163	1173	cell walls	T026	C3826300
28167893	1178	1183	septa	T026	C0243092
28167893	1188	1194	intact	T080	C0205266
28167893	1195	1200	dense	T080	C0439794
28167893	1201	1210	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28167893	1215	1220	Ipr-N	T034	C3686837
28167893	1222	1228	fungal	T004	C0016832
28167893	1229	1240	sporulation	T043	C2613267
28167893	1245	1254	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28167893	1273	1284	undeveloped	T033	C0243095
28167893	1285	1304	unicellular conidia	T004	C0038029
28167893	1310	1318	degraded	T033	C0243095
28167893	1323	1331	necrotic	T042	C0027540
28167893	1332	1341	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28167893	1355	1360	Ipr-I	T040	C0018270
28167893	1362	1390	conspicuous cellular changes	T049	C1265925
28167893	1407	1418	sporulation	T043	C2613267
28167893	1430	1451	multicellular conidia	T004	C0038029
28167893	1457	1471	double layered	T033	C0205400
28167893	1473	1482	thickened	T033	C0205400
28167893	1484	1494	cell walls	T026	C3826300
28167893	1499	1511	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28167893	1515	1527	proliferated	T169	C1514485
28167893	1528	1540	lipid bodies	T026	C0230704
28167893	1548	1556	conidial	T004	C0038029
28167893	1557	1566	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28167893	1578	1585	inhibit	T080	C0311403
28167893	1590	1601	penetration	T169	C0205321
28167893	1609	1618	fungicide	T131	C0392419
28167893	1624	1632	conidial	T004	C0038029
28167893	1633	1638	cells	T025	C0007634
28167893	1649	1658	fungicide	T131	C0392419
28167893	1661	1671	associated	T080	C0332281
28167893	1672	1680	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28167893	1705	1711	energy	T081	C1442080
28167893	1716	1727	nutritional	T080	C1521739
28167893	1728	1735	sources	T033	C0449416
28167893	1767	1773	fungal	T004	C0016832
28167893	1774	1780	growth	T040	C0018270
28167893	1789	1795	mature	T079	C0205286
28167893	1796	1804	colonies	T025	C1947989
28167893	1811	1816	Ipr-G	T040	C0018270
28167893	1829	1850	multicellular conidia	T004	C0038029
28167893	1856	1866	cell walls	T026	C3826300
28167893	1871	1877	intact	T080	C0205266
28167893	1878	1887	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28167893	1893	1905	lipid bodies	T026	C0230704
28167893	1912	1917	Con-G	T040	C0018270

28168163|t|Results of a Single Institution Experience with Dose-Escalated Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Unresectable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
28168163|a|We determined factors associated with morbidity and outcomes of a series of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with dose-escalated chemoradiotherapy at the University of Pittsburgh Lung Cancer Program. The records of 170 stage III NSCLC patients treated with definitive intent were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received four-dimensional CT simulation scan and had respiratory gating if tumor movement exceeded 5 mm. Overall survival (OS), locoregional control (LRC), and freedom from distant metastasis (FFDM) were calculated using log-rank and Cox regression analysis. For the present series of patients, median follow-up was 36.6 months, median survival 27.4 months, and the 2- and 4- year OS was 56.0 and 30.7%, respectively. The 4- year LRC and FFDM were 43.9 and 40.7%, respectively. No benefit was associated with irradiation doses above 66 Gy in OS (p = 0.586), LRC (p = 0.440), or FFDM (p = 0.230). On univariate analysis, variables associated with worse survival included: clinical stage IIIB (p = 0.037), planning target volume (PTV) over 450 cc (p < 0.001), heart V30 over 40% (p = -0.048), and esophageal mean dose over 20% (p = 0.024), V5 (p = -0.015), and V60 (p = -0.011). On multivariable analysis, PTV above 450 cc (52.2 vs. 25.3 months, p < 0.001) and esophageal V60 >20% (43.8 vs. 21.3 months, p = -0.01) were associated with lower survival. Grade 2 or higher acute lung toxicity and esophagitis were detected in 9.5 and 59.7%, respectively of patients. Grade 2 or higher acute lung toxicity was reduced if lung V5 was ≤65 (7.4 vs. 23.8%, p = 0.03). Grade 2 or higher acute esophagitis was reduced if V60 ≤ 20% (62 vs. 81.3%, p = 0.018). The use of intensity-modulated radiation therapy was more frequent in stage IIIB compared to stage IIIA patients (56.5 vs. 39.5%, p = 0.048) and was associated with a higher lung V5 and V10. The outcomes of a program of dose-escalated chemoradiotherapy for unresectable stage IIIA and IIIB NSCLC patients were consistent with other studies and showed no benefit to radiation doses above 66 Gy. Furthermore, maintaining low esophageal V60 and lung V5 were associated with lower morbidity and mortality.
28168163	0	7	Results	T169	C1274040
28168163	13	19	Single	T081	C0205171
28168163	20	31	Institution	T169	C0205245
28168163	32	42	Experience	T078	C1254370
28168163	48	62	Dose-Escalated	T169	C3816728
28168163	63	77	Chemoradiation	T061	C0436307
28168163	82	89	Locally	T082	C0205276
28168163	90	98	Advanced	T080	C0205179
28168163	99	111	Unresectable	T201	C1519810
28168163	112	138	Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer	T191	C0007131
28168163	153	160	factors	T169	C1521761
28168163	161	176	associated with	T080	C0332281
28168163	177	186	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28168163	191	199	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28168163	215	241	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28168163	243	248	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28168163	250	258	patients	T101	C0030705
28168163	259	266	treated	T061	C0087111
28168163	272	286	dose-escalated	T169	C3816728
28168163	287	304	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28168163	312	356	University of Pittsburgh Lung Cancer Program	T058	C0679841
28168163	362	369	records	T170	C0034869
28168163	377	392	stage III NSCLC	T191	C0278506
28168163	393	401	patients	T101	C0030705
28168163	402	409	treated	T061	C0087111
28168163	438	462	retrospectively reviewed	T062	C0035363
28168163	468	476	patients	T101	C0030705
28168163	486	521	four-dimensional CT simulation scan	T060	C2717955
28168163	530	548	respiratory gating	T074	C3877328
28168163	552	557	tumor	T191	C0027651
28168163	558	566	movement	T040	C0026649
28168163	582	598	Overall survival	T081	C4086681
28168163	600	602	OS	T081	C4086681
28168163	605	617	locoregional	T191	C0027643
28168163	618	625	control	T080	C0243148
28168163	627	630	LRC	T080	C0243148
28168163	637	668	freedom from distant metastasis	T043	C1513178
28168163	670	674	FFDM	T043	C1513178
28168163	698	706	log-rank	T170	C0392366
28168163	711	734	Cox regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28168163	762	770	patients	T101	C0030705
28168163	779	788	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28168163	798	804	months	T079	C0439231
28168163	806	821	median survival	T079	C2986586
28168163	827	833	months	T079	C0439231
28168163	853	857	year	T079	C0439234
28168163	858	860	OS	T081	C4086681
28168163	902	906	year	T079	C0439234
28168163	907	910	LRC	T080	C0243148
28168163	915	919	FFDM	T043	C1513178
28168163	970	985	associated with	T080	C0332281
28168163	986	1003	irradiation doses	T061	C2169144
28168163	1013	1015	Gy	T081	C0556636
28168163	1019	1021	OS	T081	C4086681
28168163	1035	1038	LRC	T080	C0243148
28168163	1055	1059	FFDM	T043	C1513178
28168163	1076	1095	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28168163	1097	1106	variables	T080	C0439828
28168163	1107	1122	associated with	T080	C0332281
28168163	1123	1128	worse	T033	C1457868
28168163	1129	1137	survival	T169	C0220921
28168163	1148	1156	clinical	T080	C0205210
28168163	1157	1167	stage IIIB	T191	C0278984
28168163	1181	1203	planning target volume	T081	C0454199
28168163	1205	1208	PTV	T081	C0454199
28168163	1235	1240	heart	T023	C0018787
28168163	1272	1282	esophageal	T082	C1522619
28168163	1288	1292	dose	T081	C4019308
28168163	1357	1379	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28168163	1381	1384	PTV	T081	C0454199
28168163	1413	1419	months	T079	C0439231
28168163	1436	1446	esophageal	T082	C1522619
28168163	1471	1477	months	T079	C0439231
28168163	1495	1510	associated with	T080	C0332281
28168163	1511	1516	lower	T080	C0205556
28168163	1517	1525	survival	T169	C0220921
28168163	1527	1534	Grade 2	T185	C0475270
28168163	1538	1544	higher	T080	C0205250
28168163	1545	1550	acute	T079	C0205178
28168163	1551	1555	lung	T023	C0024109
28168163	1556	1564	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28168163	1569	1580	esophagitis	T047	C0014868
28168163	1586	1594	detected	T033	C0442726
28168163	1629	1637	patients	T101	C0030705
28168163	1639	1646	Grade 2	T185	C0475270
28168163	1650	1656	higher	T080	C0205250
28168163	1657	1662	acute	T079	C0205178
28168163	1663	1667	lung	T023	C0024109
28168163	1668	1676	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28168163	1681	1688	reduced	T080	C0392756
28168163	1692	1696	lung	T023	C0024109
28168163	1735	1742	Grade 2	T185	C0475270
28168163	1746	1752	higher	T080	C0205250
28168163	1753	1758	acute	T079	C0205178
28168163	1759	1770	esophagitis	T047	C0014868
28168163	1775	1782	reduced	T080	C0392756
28168163	1834	1871	intensity-modulated radiation therapy	T061	C1512814
28168163	1881	1889	frequent	T079	C0332183
28168163	1893	1903	stage IIIB	T191	C0278984
28168163	1916	1926	stage IIIA	T191	C0278983
28168163	1927	1935	patients	T101	C0030705
28168163	1972	1987	associated with	T080	C0332281
28168163	1990	1996	higher	T080	C0205250
28168163	1997	2001	lung	T023	C0024109
28168163	2018	2026	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28168163	2032	2039	program	T058	C0679841
28168163	2043	2057	dose-escalated	T169	C3816728
28168163	2058	2075	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28168163	2080	2092	unresectable	T201	C1519810
28168163	2093	2103	stage IIIA	T191	C0278983
28168163	2108	2112	IIIB	T191	C0278984
28168163	2113	2118	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28168163	2119	2127	patients	T101	C0030705
28168163	2133	2148	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28168163	2155	2162	studies	T062	C2603343
28168163	2188	2203	radiation doses	T081	C4019308
28168163	2213	2215	Gy	T081	C0556636
28168163	2246	2256	esophageal	T082	C1522619
28168163	2265	2269	lung	T023	C0024109
28168163	2278	2293	associated with	T080	C0332281
28168163	2300	2309	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28168163	2314	2323	mortality	T081	C1516192

28168230|t|Safety and efficiency of emergency department interrogation of cardiac devices
28168230|a|Patients with implanted cardiac devices may wait extended periods for interrogation in emergency departments (EDs). Our purpose was to determine if device interrogation could be done safely and faster by ED staff. Prospective randomized, standard therapy controlled, trial of ED staff device interrogation vs. standard process (SP), with 30- day follow-up. Eligibility criteria: ED presentation with a self-report of a potential device related complaint, with signed informed consent. SP interrogation was by company representative or hospital employee. Of 60 patients, 42 (70%) were male, all were white, with a median (interquartile range) age of 71 (64 to 82) years. No patient was lost to follow up. Of all patients, 32 (53%) were enrolled during business hours. The overall median (interquartile range) ED vs. SP time to interrogation was 98.5 (40 to 260) vs. 166.5 (64 to 412) minutes (P=0.013). While ED and SP interrogation times were similar during business hours, 102 (59 to 138) vs. 105 (64 to 172) minutes (P=0.62), ED interrogation times were shorter vs. SP during non-business hours; 97 (60 to 126) vs. 225 (144 to 412) minutes, P=0.002, respectively. There was no difference in ED length of stay between the ED and SP interrogation, 249 (153 to 390) vs. 246 (143 to 333) minutes (P=0.71), regardless of time of presentation. No patient in any cohort suffered an unplanned medical contact or post - discharge adverse device related event. ED staff cardiac device interrogations are faster, and with similar 30- day outcomes, as compared to SP.
28168230	0	6	Safety	T068	C0036043
28168230	11	21	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28168230	25	45	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	46	78	interrogation of cardiac devices	T061	C3163962
28168230	79	87	Patients	T101	C0030705
28168230	93	102	implanted	T033	C2828363
28168230	103	118	cardiac devices	T074	C0018831
28168230	128	136	extended	T082	C0439792
28168230	137	144	periods	T079	C1948053
28168230	149	162	interrogation	T061	C3163962
28168230	166	187	emergency departments	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	189	192	EDs	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	227	247	device interrogation	T061	C3163962
28168230	262	268	safely	T068	C0036043
28168230	273	279	faster	T080	C0456962
28168230	283	285	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	286	291	staff	T097	C0025106
28168230	293	304	Prospective	T062	C0033522
28168230	305	315	randomized	T062	C0034656
28168230	317	344	standard therapy controlled	T062	C0206035
28168230	346	351	trial	T062	C0008976
28168230	355	357	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	358	363	staff	T097	C0025106
28168230	364	384	device interrogation	T061	C3163962
28168230	389	397	standard	T080	C1442989
28168230	398	405	process	T067	C1522240
28168230	407	409	SP	T067	C1522240
28168230	421	424	day	T079	C0439228
28168230	425	434	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28168230	436	456	Eligibility criteria	T080	C1516637
28168230	458	460	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	461	473	presentation	T078	C0449450
28168230	481	492	self-report	T062	C2700446
28168230	498	507	potential	T080	C3245505
28168230	508	514	device	T074	C0025080
28168230	523	532	complaint	T201	C3864418
28168230	539	545	signed	T033	C0742766
28168230	546	562	informed consent	T089	C0021430
28168230	564	566	SP	T067	C1522240
28168230	567	580	interrogation	T061	C3163962
28168230	588	610	company representative	T097	C1707453
28168230	614	631	hospital employee	T097	C0025109
28168230	639	647	patients	T101	C0030705
28168230	663	667	male	T032	C0086582
28168230	678	683	white	T098	C0007457
28168230	700	719	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28168230	721	724	age	T032	C0001779
28168230	742	747	years	T079	C1510829
28168230	752	759	patient	T101	C0030705
28168230	772	781	follow up	T058	C1522577
28168230	790	798	patients	T101	C0030705
28168230	830	844	business hours	T079	C0237877
28168230	866	885	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28168230	887	889	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	894	896	SP	T067	C1522240
28168230	905	918	interrogation	T061	C3163962
28168230	962	969	minutes	T079	C0439232
28168230	987	989	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	994	996	SP	T067	C1522240
28168230	997	1010	interrogation	T061	C3163962
28168230	1011	1016	times	T079	C0449238
28168230	1037	1051	business hours	T079	C0237877
28168230	1089	1096	minutes	T079	C0439232
28168230	1107	1109	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	1110	1123	interrogation	T061	C3163962
28168230	1135	1142	shorter	T081	C1806781
28168230	1147	1149	SP	T067	C1522240
28168230	1213	1220	minutes	T079	C0439232
28168230	1272	1274	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	1275	1289	length of stay	T079	C0023303
28168230	1302	1304	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	1309	1311	SP	T067	C1522240
28168230	1312	1325	interrogation	T061	C3163962
28168230	1365	1372	minutes	T079	C0439232
28168230	1397	1401	time	T079	C0449238
28168230	1405	1417	presentation	T078	C0449450
28168230	1422	1429	patient	T101	C0030705
28168230	1437	1443	cohort	T098	C0599755
28168230	1444	1452	suffered	T184	C0751408
28168230	1456	1465	unplanned	T033	C0243095
28168230	1466	1481	medical contact	T058	C0553618
28168230	1485	1489	post	T079	C0687676
28168230	1492	1501	discharge	T058	C0030685
28168230	1502	1530	adverse device related event	T037	C0521818
28168230	1532	1534	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28168230	1535	1540	staff	T097	C0025106
28168230	1541	1570	cardiac device interrogations	T061	C3163962
28168230	1575	1581	faster	T080	C0456962
28168230	1604	1607	day	T079	C0439228
28168230	1608	1616	outcomes	T062	C0543472
28168230	1621	1629	compared	T052	C1707455
28168230	1633	1635	SP	T067	C1522240

28168514|t|Limits of the possible: diagnostic image quality in coronary angiography with third-generation dual-source CT
28168514|a|The usage of coronary CT angiography (CTA) is appropriate in patients with acute or chronic chest pain; however the diagnostic accuracy may be challenged with increased Agatston score (AS), increased heart rate, arrhythmia and severe obesity. Thus, we aim to determine the potential of the recently introduced third-generation dual-source CT (DSCT) for CTA in a 'real-life' clinical setting. Two hundred and sixty-eight consecutive patients (age: 67 ± 10 years; BMI: 27 ± 5 kg/m²; 61% male) undergoing clinically indicated CTA with DSCT were included in the retrospective single-center analysis. A contrast-enhanced volume dataset was acquired in sequential (SSM) (n = 151) or helical scan mode (HSM) (n = 117). Coronary segments were classified in diagnostic or non-diagnostic image quality. A subset underwent invasive angiography to determine the diagnostic accuracy of CTA. SSM (96.8 ± 6%) and HSM (97.5 ± 8%) provided no significant differences in the overall diagnostic image quality. However, AS had significant influence on diagnostic image quality exclusively in SSM (B = 0.003; p = 0.0001), but not in HSM. Diagnostic image quality significantly decreased in SSM in patients with AS ≥2,000 (p = 0.03). SSM (sensitivity: 93.9%; specificity: 96.7%; PPV: 88.6%; NPV: 98.3%) and HSM (sensitivity: 97.4%; specificity: 94.3%; PPV: 86.0%; NPV: 99.0%) provided comparable diagnostic accuracy (p = n.s.). SSM yielded significantly lower radiation doses as compared to HSM (2.1 ± 2.0 vs. 5.1 ± 3.3 mSv; p = 0.0001) in age and BMI -matched cohorts. SSM in third-generation DSCT enables significant dose savings and provides robust diagnostic image quality in patients with AS ≤2000 independent of heart rate, heart rhythm or obesity.
28168514	24	40	diagnostic image	T078	C1551337
28168514	41	48	quality	T080	C0806487
28168514	52	72	coronary angiography	T060	C0085532
28168514	78	109	third-generation dual-source CT	T060	C0040405
28168514	114	119	usage	T169	C0457083
28168514	123	146	coronary CT angiography	T060	C1634617
28168514	148	151	CTA	T060	C1634617
28168514	171	179	patients	T101	C0030705
28168514	185	190	acute	T184	C0522051
28168514	194	212	chronic chest pain	T184	C1740831
28168514	226	245	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28168514	279	293	Agatston score	T081	C0449820
28168514	295	297	AS	T081	C0449820
28168514	310	320	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28168514	322	332	arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
28168514	337	351	severe obesity	T047	C0028756
28168514	420	451	third-generation dual-source CT	T060	C0040405
28168514	453	457	DSCT	T060	C0040405
28168514	463	466	CTA	T060	C1634617
28168514	484	500	clinical setting	T082	C3176918
28168514	542	550	patients	T101	C0030705
28168514	572	575	BMI	T201	C1305855
28168514	595	599	male	T098	C0025266
28168514	633	636	CTA	T060	C1634617
28168514	642	646	DSCT	T060	C0040405
28168514	668	704	retrospective single-center analysis	T062	C0936012
28168514	708	740	contrast-enhanced volume dataset	T170	C0150098
28168514	757	767	sequential	T060	C0441633
28168514	769	772	SSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	787	804	helical scan mode	T060	C0441633
28168514	806	809	HSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	822	839	Coronary segments	T023	C1283333
28168514	859	869	diagnostic	T080	C0806487
28168514	873	901	non-diagnostic image quality	T080	C0806487
28168514	922	942	invasive angiography	T060	C0002971
28168514	960	979	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28168514	983	986	CTA	T060	C1634617
28168514	988	991	SSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	1008	1011	HSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	1075	1091	diagnostic image	T078	C1551337
28168514	1092	1099	quality	T080	C0806487
28168514	1110	1112	AS	T081	C0449820
28168514	1129	1138	influence	T077	C4054723
28168514	1142	1158	diagnostic image	T078	C1551337
28168514	1159	1166	quality	T080	C0806487
28168514	1182	1185	SSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	1222	1225	HSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	1227	1243	Diagnostic image	T078	C1551337
28168514	1244	1251	quality	T080	C0806487
28168514	1279	1282	SSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	1286	1294	patients	T101	C0030705
28168514	1300	1302	AS	T081	C0449820
28168514	1322	1325	SSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	1327	1338	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28168514	1347	1358	specificity	T081	C0037791
28168514	1367	1370	PPV	T081	C1514243
28168514	1379	1382	NPV	T081	C1513918
28168514	1395	1398	HSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	1400	1411	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28168514	1420	1431	specificity	T081	C0037791
28168514	1440	1443	PPV	T081	C1514243
28168514	1452	1455	NPV	T081	C1513918
28168514	1484	1503	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28168514	1516	1519	SSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	1548	1563	radiation doses	T081	C4019308
28168514	1579	1582	HSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	1628	1631	age	T098	C0599755
28168514	1636	1639	BMI	T201	C1305855
28168514	1649	1656	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28168514	1658	1661	SSM	T060	C0441633
28168514	1665	1686	third-generation DSCT	T060	C0040405
28168514	1707	1711	dose	T081	C0178602
28168514	1740	1756	diagnostic image	T078	C1551337
28168514	1757	1764	quality	T080	C0806487
28168514	1768	1776	patients	T101	C0030705
28168514	1782	1784	AS	T081	C0449820
28168514	1806	1816	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28168514	1818	1830	heart rhythm	T042	C0232187
28168514	1834	1841	obesity	T047	C0028754

28168637|t|Percutaneous forefoot surgery for treatment of hallux valgus deformity: an intermediate prospective study
28168637|a|This study aims to illustrate the results of percutaneous forefoot surgery (PFS) for correction of hallux valgus. A prospective study of 108 patients, with hallux valgus deformity, who underwent PFS was conducted. The minimum clinical and radiological follow-up was two years (mean 57.3 months, range 22-112). Preoperative mean visual analog scale was 6.3 ± 1.5 points, and AOFAS scores were 50.6 ± 11 points. At the last follow-up, both scores improved to 1.9 ± 2.4 points and 85.9 ± 1.83 points, respectively. Mean hallux valgus angle changed from 34.3° ± 9.3° preoperatively to 22.5° ± 11.1° at follow-up. At follow-up, 76.5% of the subjects were satisfied or very satisfied. Recurrence of medial 1st MT head pain happened in 22 cases (16.7%). PFS, in our study, does not improve the radiological and patient satisfaction rate results compared with conventional procedures. The main advantage is a low postoperative pain level, but with an insufficient HVA correction. II, prospective study.
28168637	0	29	Percutaneous forefoot surgery	T061	C0188413
28168637	34	43	treatment	T169	C0039798
28168637	47	70	hallux valgus deformity	T033	C0042282
28168637	75	87	intermediate	T082	C0205103
28168637	88	105	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28168637	111	116	study	T062	C2603343
28168637	117	121	aims	T078	C1947946
28168637	140	147	results	T169	C1274040
28168637	151	180	percutaneous forefoot surgery	T061	C0188413
28168637	182	185	PFS	T061	C0188413
28168637	191	218	correction of hallux valgus	T061	C0856213
28168637	222	239	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28168637	247	255	patients	T101	C0030705
28168637	262	285	hallux valgus deformity	T033	C0042282
28168637	301	304	PFS	T061	C0188413
28168637	324	331	minimum	T080	C1524031
28168637	332	340	clinical	T080	C0205210
28168637	345	357	radiological	T169	C0205483
28168637	358	367	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28168637	376	381	years	T079	C0439234
28168637	393	399	months	T079	C0439231
28168637	416	453	Preoperative mean visual analog scale	T060	C3536884
28168637	468	474	points	T081	C1552961
28168637	480	492	AOFAS scores	T081	C0449820
28168637	508	514	points	T081	C1552961
28168637	528	537	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28168637	544	550	scores	T081	C0449820
28168637	551	559	improved	T033	C0184511
28168637	573	579	points	T081	C1552961
28168637	596	602	points	T081	C1552961
28168637	618	642	Mean hallux valgus angle	T082	C0205143
28168637	643	650	changed	T169	C0392747
28168637	669	683	preoperatively	T079	C0445204
28168637	704	713	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28168637	718	727	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28168637	742	750	subjects	T098	C0080105
28168637	756	765	satisfied	T033	C3843336
28168637	769	783	very satisfied	T033	C3840671
28168637	785	795	Recurrence	T067	C0034897
28168637	799	822	medial 1st MT head pain	T184	C0018681
28168637	823	831	happened	T052	C1709305
28168637	838	843	cases	T169	C0868928
28168637	853	856	PFS	T061	C0188413
28168637	865	870	study	T062	C2603343
28168637	881	888	improve	T033	C0184511
28168637	893	905	radiological	T169	C0205483
28168637	910	930	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
28168637	936	943	results	T169	C1274040
28168637	944	952	compared	T052	C1707455
28168637	958	981	conventional procedures	T061	C0184661
28168637	1011	1029	postoperative pain	T184	C0030201
28168637	1030	1035	level	T080	C0441889
28168637	1049	1061	insufficient	T080	C0231180
28168637	1062	1076	HVA correction	T061	C0856213
28168637	1082	1099	prospective study	T062	C0033522

28169040|t|Os subtibiale: Mimicking medial malleolar fracture a report of three cases and review of literature
28169040|a|There are numerous sesamoids and accessory ossicles around the foot which can easily be misdiagnosed as fractures. Os subtibiale is a very rare normal variant of the medial malleolus which is usually diagnosed incidentally in routine ankle radiographs. In this report, we present a case series of 3 patients with os subtibiale who were admitted to the emergency department with ankle sprains and misdiagnosed as medial malleolar fractures. We would like to raise awareness to the very rare and usually asymptomatic os subtibiale as a diagnostic pitfall.
28169040	0	13	Os subtibiale	T019	C1385955
28169040	25	50	medial malleolar fracture	T037	C1096630
28169040	53	59	report	T170	C0684224
28169040	69	74	cases	T062	C0150093
28169040	79	99	review of literature	T170	C0282441
28169040	119	128	sesamoids	T023	C0016505
28169040	133	151	accessory ossicles	T023	C2371871
28169040	163	167	foot	T023	C0016504
28169040	188	200	misdiagnosed	T033	C0679838
28169040	204	213	fractures	T037	C0016658
28169040	215	228	Os subtibiale	T019	C1385955
28169040	266	282	medial malleolus	T023	C0223895
28169040	300	309	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28169040	334	339	ankle	T029	C0003086
28169040	340	351	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28169040	382	393	case series	T062	C0150093
28169040	399	407	patients	T101	C0030705
28169040	413	426	os subtibiale	T019	C1385955
28169040	436	444	admitted	T058	C0030673
28169040	452	472	emergency department	T073,T093	C3840745
28169040	478	491	ankle sprains	T037	C0160087
28169040	496	508	misdiagnosed	T033	C0679838
28169040	512	538	medial malleolar fractures	T037	C1096630
28169040	557	572	raise awareness	T058	C1532027
28169040	602	614	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28169040	615	628	os subtibiale	T019	C1385955
28169040	634	653	diagnostic pitfall.	T033	C0243095

28169126|t|Medium-high frequency ultrasound and ozone based advanced oxidation for amoxicillin removal in water
28169126|a|In this study, treatment of an antibiotic compound amoxicillin by medium-high frequency ultrasonic irradiation and/or ozonation has been studied. Ultrasonic irradiation process was carried out in a batch reactor for aqueous amoxicillin solutions at three different frequencies (575, 861 and 1141kHz). The applied ultrasonic power was 75W and the diffused power was calculated as 14.6W/L. The highest removal was achieved at 575kHz ultrasonic frequency (>99%) with the highest pseudo first order reaction rate constant 0.04min(-1) at pH 10 but the mineralization achieved was around 10%. Presence of alkalinity and humic acid species had negative effect on the removal efficiency (50% decrease). To improve the poor outcomes, ozonation had been applied with or without ultrasound. Ozone removed the amoxicillin at a rate 50 times faster than ultrasound. Moreover, due to the synergistic effect, coupling of ozone and ultrasound gave rise to rate constant of 2.5min(-1) (625 times higher than ultrasound). In the processes where ozone was used, humic acid did not show any significant effect because the rate constant was so high that ozone has easily overcome the scavenging effects of natural water constituents. Furthermore, the intermediate compounds, after the incomplete oxidation mechanisms, has been analyzed to reveal the possible degradation pathways of amoxicillin through ultrasonic irradiation and ozonation applications. The outcomes of the intermediate compounds experiments and the toxicity was investigated to give a clear explanation about the safety of the resulting solution. The relevance of all the results concluded that hybrid advanced oxidation system was the best option for amoxicillin removal.
28169126	0	32	Medium-high frequency ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28169126	37	42	ozone	T103	C0030106
28169126	58	67	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28169126	72	83	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
28169126	84	91	removal	T052	C1883720
28169126	95	100	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28169126	116	125	treatment	T169	C1522326
28169126	132	142	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28169126	152	163	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
28169126	167	199	medium-high frequency ultrasonic	T070	C1456803
28169126	200	211	irradiation	T070	C1282930
28169126	219	228	ozonation	T070	C1254365
28169126	247	257	Ultrasonic	T070	C1456803
28169126	258	269	irradiation	T070	C1282930
28169126	299	312	batch reactor	T073	C3273359
28169126	317	324	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28169126	325	336	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
28169126	337	346	solutions	T167	C0037633
28169126	366	377	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28169126	414	424	ultrasonic	T070	C1456803
28169126	425	430	power	T081	C3854080
28169126	447	461	diffused power	T081	C3854080
28169126	501	508	removal	T052	C1883720
28169126	532	542	ultrasonic	T070	C1456803
28169126	543	552	frequency	T079	C0439603
28169126	577	604	pseudo first order reaction	T169	C0443286
28169126	605	618	rate constant	T081	C2986811
28169126	634	636	pH	T081	C0020283
28169126	648	662	mineralization	T070	C1254365
28169126	700	710	alkalinity	T081	C0920750
28169126	715	725	humic acid	T109	C0020166
28169126	747	753	effect	T080	C1280500
28169126	761	768	removal	T052	C1883720
28169126	769	779	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28169126	811	824	poor outcomes	T033	C3806166
28169126	826	835	ozonation	T070	C1254365
28169126	869	879	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28169126	881	886	Ozone	T103	C0030106
28169126	899	910	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
28169126	942	952	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28169126	975	993	synergistic effect	T169	C0231202
28169126	995	1003	coupling	T169	C1948027
28169126	1007	1012	ozone	T103	C0030106
28169126	1017	1027	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28169126	1041	1054	rate constant	T081	C2986811
28169126	1092	1102	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28169126	1128	1133	ozone	T103	C0030106
28169126	1144	1154	humic acid	T109	C0020166
28169126	1184	1190	effect	T080	C1280500
28169126	1203	1216	rate constant	T081	C2986811
28169126	1234	1239	ozone	T103	C0030106
28169126	1264	1282	scavenging effects	T044	C3537124
28169126	1294	1299	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28169126	1331	1353	intermediate compounds	T103	C1706082
28169126	1376	1385	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28169126	1386	1396	mechanisms	T044	C0678659
28169126	1439	1459	degradation pathways	T077	C1511758
28169126	1463	1474	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
28169126	1483	1493	ultrasonic	T070	C1456803
28169126	1494	1505	irradiation	T070	C1282930
28169126	1510	1519	ozonation	T070	C1254365
28169126	1520	1532	applications	T169	C4048755
28169126	1538	1546	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28169126	1554	1576	intermediate compounds	T103	C1706082
28169126	1577	1588	experiments	T062	C0681814
28169126	1597	1605	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28169126	1661	1667	safety	T068	C0036043
28169126	1685	1693	solution	T167	C0037633
28169126	1759	1768	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28169126	1800	1811	amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
28169126	1812	1819	removal	T052	C1883720

28169492|t|Comparison of biofilm formation and motility processes in arsenic - resistant Thiomonas spp. strains revealed divergent response to arsenite
28169492|a|Bacteria of the genus Thiomonas are found ubiquitously in arsenic contaminated waters such as acid mine drainage (AMD), where they contribute to the precipitation and the natural bioremediation of arsenic. In these environments, these bacteria have developed a large range of resistance strategies among which the capacity to form particular biofilm structures. The biofilm formation is one of the most ubiquitous adaptive response observed in prokaryotes to various stresses, such as those induced in the presence of toxic compounds. This study focused on the process of biofilm formation in three Thiomonas strains (CB1, CB2 and CB3) isolated from the same AMD. The results obtained here show that these bacteria are all capable of forming biofilms, but the architecture and the kinetics of formation of these biofilms differ depending on whether arsenite is present in the environment and from one strain to another. Indeed, two strains favoured biofilm formation, whereas one favoured motility in the presence of arsenite. To identify the underlying mechanisms, the patterns of expression of some genes possibly involved in the process of biofilm formation were investigated in Thiomonas sp. CB2 in the presence and absence of arsenite, using a transcriptomic approach (RNA-seq). The findings obtained here shed interesting light on how the formation of biofilms, and the motility processes contribute to the adaptation of Thiomonas strains to extreme environments.
28169492	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28169492	14	31	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28169492	36	54	motility processes	T040	C0007608
28169492	58	65	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
28169492	68	77	resistant	T169	C0332325
28169492	78	100	Thiomonas spp. strains	T007	C1003865
28169492	101	109	revealed	T080	C0443289
28169492	132	140	arsenite	T121,T197	C0052418
28169492	141	149	Bacteria	T007	C0004611
28169492	157	162	genus	T185	C1708235
28169492	163	172	Thiomonas	T007	C1003865
28169492	177	195	found ubiquitously	T033	C0150312
28169492	199	206	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
28169492	207	226	contaminated waters	T069	C0043056
28169492	235	253	acid mine drainage	T069	C0043056
28169492	255	258	AMD	T069	C0043056
28169492	272	282	contribute	T052	C1880177
28169492	290	303	precipitation	T070	C0032931
28169492	312	334	natural bioremediation	T069	C0598015
28169492	338	345	arsenic	T121,T131,T196	C0003818
28169492	356	368	environments	T082	C0014406
28169492	376	384	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28169492	417	438	resistance strategies	T169	C4281815
28169492	455	463	capacity	T081	C1516240
28169492	467	471	form	T043	C1325881
28169492	483	490	biofilm	T043	C1325881
28169492	491	501	structures	T082	C0678594
28169492	507	524	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28169492	555	563	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28169492	564	572	response	T032	C0871261
28169492	573	581	observed	T169	C1441672
28169492	585	596	prokaryotes	T001	C0686817
28169492	608	616	stresses	T032	C2350026
28169492	632	639	induced	T169	C0205263
28169492	659	664	toxic	T037	C0600688
28169492	665	674	compounds	T103	C1706082
28169492	681	686	study	T062	C2603343
28169492	713	730	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28169492	740	757	Thiomonas strains	T007	C1003865
28169492	759	762	CB1	T007	C2650684
28169492	764	767	CB2	T007	C2650685
28169492	772	775	CB3	T007	C2650686
28169492	777	785	isolated	T169	C0205409
28169492	800	803	AMD	T069	C0043056
28169492	817	825	obtained	T169	C1301820
28169492	847	855	bacteria	T007	C1003865
28169492	875	891	forming biofilms	T043	C1325881
28169492	922	930	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28169492	934	961	formation of these biofilms	T043	C1325881
28169492	990	998	arsenite	T121,T197	C0052418
28169492	1002	1009	present	T033	C0150312
28169492	1017	1028	environment	T082	C0014406
28169492	1042	1048	strain	T001	C1518614
28169492	1073	1080	strains	T001	C1518614
28169492	1081	1089	favoured	T080	C3640814
28169492	1090	1107	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28169492	1121	1129	favoured	T080	C3640814
28169492	1130	1138	motility	T043	C0007613
28169492	1146	1154	presence	T033	C0150312
28169492	1158	1166	arsenite	T121,T197	C0052418
28169492	1171	1179	identify	T080	C0205396
28169492	1195	1205	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28169492	1211	1219	patterns	T082	C0449774
28169492	1223	1233	expression	T045	C0017262
28169492	1242	1247	genes	T028	C0017337
28169492	1284	1301	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28169492	1307	1319	investigated	T169	C1292732
28169492	1323	1340	Thiomonas sp. CB2	T007	C2650685
28169492	1348	1356	presence	T033	C0150312
28169492	1361	1368	absence	T169	C0332197
28169492	1372	1380	arsenite	T121,T197	C0052418
28169492	1390	1413	transcriptomic approach	T059,T063	C0752248
28169492	1415	1422	RNA-seq	T059,T063	C0752248
28169492	1438	1446	obtained	T169	C1301820
28169492	1469	1474	light	T070	C0023693
28169492	1486	1507	formation of biofilms	T043	C1325881
28169492	1517	1535	motility processes	T040	C0007608
28169492	1536	1546	contribute	T052	C1880177
28169492	1554	1564	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28169492	1568	1585	Thiomonas strains	T007	C1003865
28169492	1597	1609	environments	T082	C0014406

28171688|t|Diagnostic Value and Effect of Bedside Ultrasound in Acute Appendicitis in the Emergency Department
28171688|a|Early and accurate diagnosis of acute appendicitis (AA) with ultrasound (US) can minimize the morbidity and mortality of the patients. In this regard, US can help emergency physicians (EPs) in the diagnosing process and clinical decision making for AA. Therefore, we primarily aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of point-of-care US (POCUS) in clinical decision making of EPs for the diagnostic evaluation for AA in the emergency department (ED). The study sample consisted of patients aged > 18 years who presented to the ED with abdominal pain and underwent diagnostic evaluation for AA. All patients were examined initially with POCUS by EPs and then with radiology - performed US (RADUS) by radiologists. Pre - and post - POCUS median diagnostic certainty values (MDCVs) for AA were determined with visual analog scale (VAS) scores (0 = not present, 100 = certainly present) by POCUS performers. Definitive diagnoses were determined by surgery, pathologic evaluation of appendectomy specimens, or clinical follow-up results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) for POCUS and RADUS together with pre - and post - POCUS VAS scores for MDCVs were compared. A total of 264 patients were included into the final analysis and 169 (64%) had a diagnosis of AA. The sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR of US examinations were 92.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 87.2%-95.8%), 95.8% (89.5%-98.8%), 21.9 (8.4-57.2), and 0.08 (0.05-0.1) for POCUS and 76.9% (69.8-83%), 97.8% (84.9-99.7%), 36.4 (9.25-144.3), and 0.24 (0.18-0.31) for RADUS, respectively. Pre - POCUS and post - POCUS VAS scores for MDCVs were 60 (interquartile range [IQR] = 50-65) and 95 (IQR = 20-98), respectively (p = 0.000). Point-of-care ultrasonography, when performed in ED for the diagnosis of AA, has high sensitivity and specificity and had a positive impact on the clinical decision making of EPs.
28171688	0	16	Diagnostic Value	T080	C0598285
28171688	39	49	Ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28171688	53	71	Acute Appendicitis	T047	C0003615
28171688	79	99	Emergency Department	T058	C0374899
28171688	110	128	accurate diagnosis	T080	C0598285
28171688	132	150	acute appendicitis	T047	C0003615
28171688	152	154	AA	T047	C0003615
28171688	161	171	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28171688	173	175	US	T060	C0041618
28171688	194	203	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28171688	208	217	mortality	T081	C0205848
28171688	225	233	patients	T101	C0030705
28171688	251	253	US	T060	C0041618
28171688	263	272	emergency	T058	C0013961
28171688	273	283	physicians	T097	C0031831
28171688	285	288	EPs	T097	C0031831
28171688	320	344	clinical decision making	T060	C4042877
28171688	349	351	AA	T047	C0003615
28171688	416	429	point-of-care	T058	C0282663
28171688	430	432	US	T060	C0041618
28171688	434	439	POCUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	444	468	clinical decision making	T060	C4042877
28171688	472	475	EPs	T097	C0031831
28171688	484	505	diagnostic evaluation	T061	C1299715
28171688	510	512	AA	T047	C0003615
28171688	520	540	emergency department	T058	C0374899
28171688	542	544	ED	T058	C0374899
28171688	577	585	patients	T101	C0030705
28171688	623	625	ED	T058	C0374899
28171688	631	645	abdominal pain	T184	C0000737
28171688	660	681	diagnostic evaluation	T061	C1299715
28171688	686	688	AA	T047	C0003615
28171688	694	702	patients	T101	C0030705
28171688	732	737	POCUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	741	744	EPs	T097	C0031831
28171688	759	768	radiology	T091	C0034599
28171688	771	780	performed	T169	C0884358
28171688	781	783	US	T060	C0041618
28171688	785	790	RADUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	795	807	radiologists	T097	C0334907
28171688	809	812	Pre	T079	C0332152
28171688	819	823	post	T079	C0687676
28171688	826	831	POCUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	832	866	median diagnostic certainty values	T080	C0598285
28171688	868	873	MDCVs	T080	C0598285
28171688	879	881	AA	T047	C0003615
28171688	903	935	visual analog scale (VAS) scores	T201	C2960751
28171688	982	987	POCUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	1000	1020	Definitive diagnoses	T078	C1546485
28171688	1040	1047	surgery	T061	C0543467
28171688	1049	1059	pathologic	T169	C1521733
28171688	1060	1070	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28171688	1074	1086	appendectomy	T061	C0003611
28171688	1087	1096	specimens	T058	C3826454
28171688	1101	1119	clinical follow-up	T058	C3274571
28171688	1133	1144	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28171688	1146	1157	specificity	T081	C1511884
28171688	1159	1167	positive	T033	C1446409
28171688	1168	1184	likelihood ratio	T081	C0150102
28171688	1186	1189	PLR	T081	C0150102
28171688	1196	1204	negative	T033	C0205160
28171688	1205	1221	likelihood ratio	T081	C0150102
28171688	1223	1226	NLR	T081	C0150102
28171688	1232	1237	POCUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	1242	1247	RADUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	1262	1265	pre	T079	C0332152
28171688	1272	1276	post	T079	C0687676
28171688	1279	1284	POCUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	1285	1295	VAS scores	T201	C2960751
28171688	1336	1344	patients	T101	C0030705
28171688	1368	1382	final analysis	T078	C1546485
28171688	1403	1412	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28171688	1416	1418	AA	T047	C0003615
28171688	1424	1435	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28171688	1437	1448	specificity	T081	C1511884
28171688	1450	1453	PLR	T081	C0150102
28171688	1459	1462	NLR	T081	C0150102
28171688	1466	1468	US	T060	C0041618
28171688	1498	1517	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28171688	1519	1521	CI	T081	C0009667
28171688	1601	1606	POCUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	1693	1698	RADUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	1714	1717	Pre	T079	C0332152
28171688	1720	1725	POCUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	1730	1734	post	T079	C0687676
28171688	1737	1742	POCUS	T060	C0041618
28171688	1743	1753	VAS scores	T201	C2960751
28171688	1758	1763	MDCVs	T080	C0598285
28171688	1773	1792	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28171688	1794	1797	IQR	T081	C1711350
28171688	1816	1819	IQR	T081	C1711350
28171688	1856	1869	Point-of-care	T058	C0282663
28171688	1870	1885	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
28171688	1905	1907	ED	T058	C0374899
28171688	1916	1925	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28171688	1929	1931	AA	T047	C0003615
28171688	1942	1953	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28171688	1958	1969	specificity	T081	C1511884
28171688	2003	2027	clinical decision making	T060	C4042877
28171688	2031	2034	EPs	T097	C0031831

28171696|t|Predicting changes in adaptive functioning and behavioral adjustment following treatment for a pediatric brain tumor: A report from the Brain Radiation Investigative Study Consortium
28171696|a|Children are at risk for behavioral and adaptive difficulties following pediatric brain tumor. This study explored whether familial / demographic, developmental, diagnostic, or treatment -related variables best predict posttreatment behavioral and adaptive functioning. Participants included 40 children (mean age = 12.76 years, SD = 4.01) posttreatment (mean time since diagnosis = 1.99 years, SD = 0.21) for pediatric brain tumor. Parents rated children 's behavioral adjustment and adaptive functioning and provided demographic and developmental histories. Diagnostic and treatment -related information was abstracted from medical records. Ratings of adaptive and behavioral functioning approximately 2 years postdiagnosis were within the average range, although the percentage of children exceeding clinical cutoffs for impairment in adaptive skills exceeded expectation, particularly practical skills. Premorbid behavior problems and tumor size predicted posttreatment adaptive functioning. After accounting for adaptive functioning near diagnosis, premorbid behavior problems predicted declines in adaptive functioning 2 years postdiagnosis. After accounting for adjustment near diagnosis, no variables predicted declines in behavioral adjustment. Children may be vulnerable to reduced adaptive functioning following pediatric brain tumor treatment, especially in practical skills. Assessing prediagnosis functioning and diagnostic and treatment -related variables may improve our ability to predict those at greatest risk, although those factors may be less helpful in identifying children likely to develop behavioral difficulties. Screening of these factors in tertiary care and long-term follow-up settings may improve identification of those at greatest need for support services.
28171696	22	30	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28171696	31	42	functioning	T169	C0542341
28171696	47	57	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28171696	58	68	adjustment	T169	C0456081
28171696	79	88	treatment	T061	C0087111
28171696	95	116	pediatric brain tumor	T191	C0220603
28171696	120	126	report	T201	C4255046
28171696	136	141	Brain	T023	C0006104
28171696	142	182	Radiation Investigative Study Consortium	T097	C1880171
28171696	183	191	Children	T100	C0008059
28171696	199	203	risk	T078	C0035647
28171696	208	218	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28171696	223	231	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28171696	232	244	difficulties	T080	C0332218
28171696	255	276	pediatric brain tumor	T191	C0220603
28171696	283	288	study	T062	C2603343
28171696	306	314	familial	T169	C0241888
28171696	317	328	demographic	T090	C0011298
28171696	330	343	developmental	T080	C0458003
28171696	345	355	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28171696	360	369	treatment	T061	C0087111
28171696	379	388	variables	T080	C0439828
28171696	402	415	posttreatment	T079	C2709088
28171696	416	426	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28171696	431	439	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28171696	440	451	functioning	T169	C0542341
28171696	453	465	Participants	T098	C0679646
28171696	478	486	children	T100	C0008059
28171696	488	492	mean	T081	C0444504
28171696	493	496	age	T032	C0001779
28171696	512	514	SD	T081	C0871420
28171696	523	536	posttreatment	T079	C2709088
28171696	538	542	mean	T081	C0444504
28171696	543	547	time	T079	C0040223
28171696	554	563	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28171696	578	580	SD	T081	C0871420
28171696	593	614	pediatric brain tumor	T191	C0220603
28171696	616	623	Parents	T099	C0030551
28171696	630	638	children	T100	C0008059
28171696	642	652	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28171696	653	663	adjustment	T169	C0456081
28171696	668	676	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28171696	677	688	functioning	T169	C0542341
28171696	702	713	demographic	T090	C0011298
28171696	718	731	developmental	T080	C0458003
28171696	732	741	histories	T033	C0262926
28171696	743	753	Diagnostic	T033	C0011900
28171696	758	767	treatment	T061	C0087111
28171696	777	788	information	T078	C1533716
28171696	809	824	medical records	T170	C0025102
28171696	826	833	Ratings	T052	C0871208
28171696	837	845	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28171696	850	860	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28171696	861	872	functioning	T169	C0542341
28171696	895	908	postdiagnosis	T033	C0011900
28171696	925	932	average	T081	C1510992
28171696	933	938	range	T081	C1514721
28171696	953	963	percentage	T081	C0439165
28171696	967	975	children	T100	C0008059
28171696	986	994	clinical	T080	C0205210
28171696	995	1002	cutoffs	T169	C1442160
28171696	1007	1017	impairment	T169	C0221099
28171696	1021	1029	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28171696	1030	1036	skills	T055	C0678856
28171696	1046	1057	expectation	T078	C0679138
28171696	1082	1088	skills	T055	C0678856
28171696	1090	1108	Premorbid behavior	T053	C4062485
28171696	1109	1117	problems	T078	C1546466
28171696	1122	1132	tumor size	T082	C0475440
28171696	1143	1156	posttreatment	T079	C2709088
28171696	1157	1165	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28171696	1166	1177	functioning	T169	C0542341
28171696	1200	1208	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28171696	1209	1220	functioning	T169	C0542341
28171696	1226	1235	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28171696	1237	1255	premorbid behavior	T053	C4062485
28171696	1256	1264	problems	T078	C1546466
28171696	1287	1295	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28171696	1296	1307	functioning	T169	C0542341
28171696	1316	1329	postdiagnosis	T033	C0011900
28171696	1352	1362	adjustment	T169	C0456081
28171696	1368	1377	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28171696	1382	1391	variables	T080	C0439828
28171696	1414	1424	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28171696	1425	1435	adjustment	T169	C0456081
28171696	1437	1445	Children	T100	C0008059
28171696	1453	1463	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
28171696	1475	1483	adaptive	T169	C0231193
28171696	1484	1495	functioning	T169	C0542341
28171696	1506	1527	pediatric brain tumor	T191	C0220603
28171696	1528	1537	treatment	T061	C0087111
28171696	1581	1593	prediagnosis	T033	C0011900
28171696	1594	1605	functioning	T169	C0542341
28171696	1610	1620	diagnostic	T033	C0011900
28171696	1625	1634	treatment	T061	C0087111
28171696	1644	1653	variables	T080	C0439828
28171696	1658	1665	improve	T033	C0184511
28171696	1670	1677	ability	T032	C0085732
28171696	1707	1711	risk	T078	C0035647
28171696	1728	1735	factors	T169	C1521761
28171696	1748	1755	helpful	T080	C3898897
28171696	1759	1770	identifying	T080	C0205396
28171696	1771	1779	children	T100	C0008059
28171696	1798	1808	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28171696	1809	1821	difficulties	T080	C0332218
28171696	1823	1832	Screening	T058	C1710032
28171696	1842	1849	factors	T169	C1521761
28171696	1853	1866	tertiary care	T058	C3494403
28171696	1871	1880	long-term	T079	C0443252
28171696	1881	1890	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28171696	1904	1911	improve	T033	C0184511
28171696	1912	1926	identification	T080	C0205396
28171696	1948	1952	need	T080	C0027552
28171696	1957	1973	support services	UnknownType	C0679879

28171748|t|Antagonistic Self-Organizing Patterning Systems Control Maintenance and Regeneration of the Anteroposterior Axis in Planarians
28171748|a|Planarian flatworms maintain their body plan in the face of constant internal turnover and can regenerate from arbitrary tissue fragments. Both phenomena require self-maintaining and self-organizing patterning mechanisms, the molecular mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. We show that a morphogenic gradient of canonical Wnt signaling patterns gene expression along the planarian anteroposterior (A/P) axis. Our results demonstrate that gradient formation likely occurs autonomously in the tail and that an autoregulatory module of Wnt -mediated Wnt expression both shapes the gradient at steady state and governs its re-establishment during regeneration. Functional antagonism between the tail Wnt gradient and an unknown head patterning system further determines the spatial proportions of the planarian A/P axis and mediates mutually exclusive molecular fate choices during regeneration. Overall, our results suggest that the planarian A/P axis is patterned by self-organizing patterning systems deployed from either end that are functionally coupled by mutual antagonism.
28171748	0	12	Antagonistic	T044	C1148560
28171748	13	39	Self-Organizing Patterning	T045	C0376678
28171748	48	55	Control	T169	C2587213
28171748	56	67	Maintenance	T039	C2371947
28171748	72	84	Regeneration	T042	C0034963
28171748	92	107	Anteroposterior	T082	C0442212
28171748	108	112	Axis	T082	C1522496
28171748	116	126	Planarians	T204	C0032068
28171748	127	136	Planarian	T204	C0032068
28171748	137	146	flatworms	T204	C0032211
28171748	147	155	maintain	T039	C2371947
28171748	162	166	body	T017	C1268086
28171748	222	232	regenerate	T169	C0334213
28171748	238	247	arbitrary	T080	C1264693
28171748	248	254	tissue	T024	C0040300
28171748	255	264	fragments	T031	C0486805
28171748	271	280	phenomena	T067	C1882365
28171748	289	305	self-maintaining	T052	C0024501
28171748	310	336	self-organizing patterning	T045	C0376678
28171748	337	347	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28171748	353	362	molecular	T080	C1521991
28171748	363	373	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28171748	424	435	morphogenic	T044	C1152630
28171748	436	444	gradient	T081	C0812409
28171748	448	471	canonical Wnt signaling	T044	C3178960
28171748	481	496	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28171748	507	516	planarian	T204	C0032068
28171748	517	532	anteroposterior	T082	C0442212
28171748	534	537	A/P	T082	C0442212
28171748	539	543	axis	T082	C1522496
28171748	549	556	results	T033	C0683954
28171748	574	582	gradient	T081	C0812409
28171748	583	592	formation	T169	C1522492
28171748	607	619	autonomously	T169	C0332291
28171748	627	631	tail	T023	C0039259
28171748	644	658	autoregulatory	T038	C0019868
28171748	669	672	Wnt	T116,T123	C0753137
28171748	683	686	Wnt	T028	C0935995
28171748	687	697	expression	T045	C1171362
28171748	714	722	gradient	T081	C0812409
28171748	726	738	steady state	T070	C0678587
28171748	779	791	regeneration	T042	C0034963
28171748	793	803	Functional	T169	C0205245
28171748	804	814	antagonism	T044	C1148560
28171748	827	831	tail	T023	C0039259
28171748	832	835	Wnt	T116,T123	C0753137
28171748	836	844	gradient	T081	C0812409
28171748	852	859	unknown	T080	C0439673
28171748	860	864	head	T029	C0018670
28171748	865	875	patterning	T045	C0376678
28171748	906	913	spatial	T082	C0037775
28171748	914	925	proportions	T081	C1709707
28171748	933	942	planarian	T204	C0032068
28171748	943	946	A/P	T082	C0442212
28171748	947	951	axis	T082	C1522496
28171748	965	973	mutually	T080	C1709100
28171748	974	983	exclusive	T078	C1548966
28171748	984	998	molecular fate	T044	C1148560
28171748	1007	1013	during	T079	C0347984
28171748	1014	1026	regeneration	T042	C0034963
28171748	1041	1048	results	T033	C0683954
28171748	1066	1075	planarian	T204	C0032068
28171748	1076	1079	A/P	T082	C0442212
28171748	1080	1084	axis	T082	C1522496
28171748	1101	1127	self-organizing patterning	T045	C0376678
28171748	1136	1144	deployed	T052	C2825812
28171748	1170	1182	functionally	T169	C0205245
28171748	1183	1190	coupled	T169	C1948027
28171748	1194	1200	mutual	T080	C1709100
28171748	1201	1211	antagonism	T044	C1148560

28175980|t|Spine fracture prevalence in a nationally representative sample of US women and men aged ≥40 years: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014
28175980|a|Spine fracture prevalence is similar in men and women, increasing from <5 % in those <60 to 11 % in those 70-79 and 18 % in those ≥80 years. Prevalence was higher with age, lower bone mineral density (BMD), and in those meeting criteria for spine imaging. Most subjects with spine fractures were unaware of them. Spine fractures have substantial medical significance but are seldom recognized. This study collected contemporary nationally representative spine fracture prevalence data. Cross-sectional analysis of 3330 US adults aged ≥40 years participating in NHANES 2013-2014 with evaluable Vertebral Fracture Assessment (VFA). VFA was graded by semiquantitative measurement. BMD and an osteoporosis questionnaire were collected. Overall spine fracture prevalence was 5.4 % and similar in men and women. Prevalence increased with age from <5 % in those <60 to 11 % in those 70-79 and 18 % in those ≥80 years. Fractures were more common in non-Hispanic whites and in people with lower body mass index and BMD. Among subjects with spine fracture, 26 % met BMD criteria for osteoporosis. Prevalence was higher in subjects who met National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) criteria for spine imaging (14 vs 4.7 %, P < 0.001). Only 8 % of people with a spine fracture diagnosed by VFA had a self-reported fracture, and among those who self-reported a spine fracture, only 21 % were diagnosed with fracture by VFA. Spine fracture prevalence is similar in women and men and increases with age and lower BMD, although most subjects with spine fracture do not meet BMD criteria for osteoporosis. Since most (>90 %) individuals were unaware of their spine fractures, lateral spine imaging is needed to identify these women and men. Spine fracture prevalence was threefold higher in individuals meeting NOF criteria for spine imaging (∼1 in 7 undergoing VFA). Identifying spine fractures as part of comprehensive risk assessment may improve clinical decision making.
28175980	0	14	Spine fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	15	25	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28175980	31	56	nationally representative	T082	C0681788
28175980	67	69	US	T083	C0041703
28175980	70	75	women	T098	C0043210
28175980	80	83	men	T098	C0025266
28175980	84	88	aged	T032	C0001779
28175980	117	165	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0376344
28175980	167	173	NHANES	T062	C0376344
28175980	185	199	Spine fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	200	210	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28175980	225	228	men	T098	C0025266
28175980	233	238	women	T098	C0043210
28175980	326	336	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
28175980	341	347	higher	T080	C0205250
28175980	353	356	age	T032	C0001779
28175980	353	356	age	T032	C0001779
28175980	358	363	lower	T080	C0205251
28175980	364	384	bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
28175980	386	389	BMD	T201	C0005938
28175980	413	421	criteria	T080	C0242801
28175980	426	439	spine imaging	T060	C1532547
28175980	446	454	subjects	T062	C0178693
28175980	460	475	spine fractures	T037	C0080179
28175980	481	488	unaware	T033	C0589402
28175980	498	513	Spine fractures	T037	C0080179
28175980	531	538	medical	T169	C0205476
28175980	560	566	seldom	T080	C0522498
28175980	613	638	nationally representative	T082	C0681788
28175980	639	653	spine fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	654	664	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28175980	671	695	Cross-sectional analysis	T062	C0010362
28175980	704	706	US	T083	C0041703
28175980	707	713	adults	T100	C0001675
28175980	714	718	aged	T032	C0001779
28175980	746	752	NHANES	T062	C0376344
28175980	778	796	Vertebral Fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	809	812	VFA	T060	C0185141
28175980	815	818	VFA	T060	C0185141
28175980	863	866	BMD	T201	C0005938
28175980	874	886	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28175980	887	900	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28175980	925	939	spine fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	940	950	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28175980	976	979	men	T098	C0025266
28175980	984	989	women	T098	C0043210
28175980	991	1001	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
28175980	1017	1020	age	T032	C0001779
28175980	1096	1105	Fractures	T037	C0016658
28175980	1126	1145	non-Hispanic whites	T098	C1257890
28175980	1165	1170	lower	T080	C0205251
28175980	1171	1186	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28175980	1191	1194	BMD	T201	C0005938
28175980	1202	1210	subjects	T062	C0178693
28175980	1216	1230	spine fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	1241	1244	BMD	T201	C0005938
28175980	1245	1253	criteria	T080	C0242801
28175980	1258	1270	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28175980	1272	1282	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
28175980	1287	1293	higher	T080	C0205250
28175980	1297	1305	subjects	T062	C0178693
28175980	1314	1346	National Osteoporosis Foundation	UnknownType	C0679938
28175980	1348	1351	NOF	UnknownType	C0679938
28175980	1353	1361	criteria	T080	C0242801
28175980	1366	1379	spine imaging	T060	C1532547
28175980	1432	1446	spine fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	1447	1456	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28175980	1460	1463	VFA	T060	C0185141
28175980	1470	1483	self-reported	T062	C0681906
28175980	1484	1492	fracture	T037	C0016658
28175980	1514	1527	self-reported	T062	C0681906
28175980	1530	1544	spine fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	1561	1570	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28175980	1576	1584	fracture	T037	C0016658
28175980	1588	1591	VFA	T060	C0185141
28175980	1593	1607	Spine fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	1608	1618	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28175980	1633	1638	women	T098	C0043210
28175980	1643	1646	men	T098	C0025266
28175980	1666	1669	age	T032	C0001779
28175980	1674	1679	lower	T080	C0205251
28175980	1680	1683	BMD	T201	C0005938
28175980	1699	1707	subjects	T062	C0178693
28175980	1713	1727	spine fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	1740	1743	BMD	T201	C0005938
28175980	1757	1769	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28175980	1790	1801	individuals	T098	C0237401
28175980	1807	1814	unaware	T033	C0589402
28175980	1824	1839	spine fractures	T037	C0080179
28175980	1841	1848	lateral	T082	C0205093
28175980	1849	1862	spine imaging	T060	C1532547
28175980	1891	1896	women	T098	C0043210
28175980	1901	1904	men	T098	C0025266
28175980	1906	1920	Spine fracture	T037	C0080179
28175980	1921	1931	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28175980	1946	1952	higher	T080	C0205250
28175980	1956	1967	individuals	T098	C0237401
28175980	1976	1979	NOF	UnknownType	C0679938
28175980	1980	1988	criteria	T080	C0242801
28175980	1993	2006	spine imaging	T060	C1532547
28175980	2027	2030	VFA	T060	C0185141
28175980	2045	2060	spine fractures	T037	C0080179
28175980	2072	2085	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28175980	2086	2101	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
28175980	2106	2113	improve	T033	C0184511
28175980	2114	2138	clinical decision making	T060	C4042877

28176637|t|Personalized Medicine applied to Forensic Sciences: new advances and perspectives for a tailored forensic approach
28176637|a|Personalized medicine (PM), included in P5 medicine (Personalized, Predictive, Preventive, Participative and Precision medicine) is an innovative approach to the patient, emerging from the need to tailor and to fit the profile of each individual. PM promises to dramatically impact also on forensic sciences and justice system in ways we are only beginning to understand. The application of omics (genomic, transcriptomics, epigenetics/imprintomics, proteomic and metabolomics) is ever more fundamental in the so called " molecular autopsy ". Emerging fields of interest in forensic pathology are represented by diagnosis and detection of predisposing conditions to fatal thromboembolic and hypertensive events, determination of genetic variants related to sudden death, such as congenital long QT syndromes, demonstration of lesions vitality, identification of biological matrices and species diagnosis of a forensic trace on crime scenes without destruction of the DNA. The aim of this paper is to describe the state-of-art in the application of personalized medicine in forensic sciences, to understand the possibilities of integration in routine investigation of these procedures with classical post-mortem studies and to underline the importance of these new updates in medical examiners' armamentarium in determining cause of death or contributing factors to death.
28176637	0	21	Personalized Medicine	T061	C2718059
28176637	33	50	Forensic Sciences	T090	C1257940
28176637	97	114	forensic approach	UnknownType	C0681831
28176637	115	136	Personalized medicine	T061	C2718059
28176637	138	140	PM	T061	C2718059
28176637	155	166	P5 medicine	T121	C0013227
28176637	168	180	Personalized	T080	C1709510
28176637	182	192	Predictive	T080	C0681890
28176637	194	204	Preventive	T080	C2700409
28176637	206	219	Participative	T169	C0679823
28176637	224	233	Precision	T080	C1706245
28176637	234	242	medicine	T121	C0013227
28176637	250	269	innovative approach	T061	C1136080
28176637	277	284	patient	T101	C0030705
28176637	350	360	individual	T098	C0237401
28176637	362	364	PM	T061	C2718059
28176637	405	422	forensic sciences	T090	C1257940
28176637	513	520	genomic	T091	C0887950
28176637	522	537	transcriptomics	T091	C0017398
28176637	539	563	epigenetics/imprintomics	T091	C1655731
28176637	565	574	proteomic	T091	C0872252
28176637	579	591	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
28176637	637	654	molecular autopsy	T060	C0004398
28176637	689	707	forensic pathology	T091	C1450224
28176637	727	736	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28176637	741	750	detection	T061	C1511790
28176637	754	777	predisposing conditions	T079	C0032946
28176637	781	786	fatal	T080	C1302234
28176637	787	801	thromboembolic	T046	C0040038
28176637	806	825	hypertensive events	T047	C0020538
28176637	844	860	genetic variants	T070	C0042333
28176637	879	884	death	T040	C0011065
28176637	894	922	congenital long QT syndromes	T047	C1141890
28176637	941	948	lesions	T033	C0221198
28176637	949	957	vitality	T033	C0424589
28176637	977	987	biological	T080	C0205460
28176637	988	996	matrices	T082	C1704640
28176637	1009	1018	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28176637	1024	1038	forensic trace	T078	C3887511
28176637	1042	1054	crime scenes	T068	C0010325
28176637	1063	1085	destruction of the DNA	T049	C0012860
28176637	1128	1140	state-of-art	UnknownType	C0700033
28176637	1163	1184	personalized medicine	T061	C2718059
28176637	1188	1205	forensic sciences	T090	C1257940
28176637	1265	1278	investigation	T058	C0220825
28176637	1314	1333	post-mortem studies	T060	C0004398
28176637	1390	1408	medical examiners'	T097	C0025082
28176637	1409	1422	armamentarium	T169	C0449851
28176637	1447	1452	death	T040	C0011065
28176637	1480	1485	death	T040	C0011065

28177546|t|Predictors of occupational burnout among nurses: a dominance analysis of job stressors
28177546|a|To quantitatively compare dimensions of job stressors' effects on nurses' burnout. Nurses, a key group of health service providers, often experience stressors at work. Extensive research has examined the relationship between job stressors and burnout; however, less has specifically compared the effects of job stressor domains on nurses' burnout. A quantitative cross-sectional survey examined three general hospitals in Jinan, China. Participants were 602 nurses. We compared five potential stressors' ability to predict nurses' burnout using dominance analysis and assuming that each stressor was intercorrelated. Strong positive correlations were found between all five job stressors and burnout. Interpersonal relationships and management issues most strongly predicted participants' burnout (11·3% of average variance). Job stressors, and particularly interpersonal relationships and management issues, significantly predict nurses' job burnout. Understanding the relative effect of job stressors may help identify fruitful areas for intervention and improve nurse recruitment and retention.
28177546	14	34	occupational burnout	T048	C0006433
28177546	41	47	nurses	T097	C0028661
28177546	51	69	dominance analysis	T081	C0015483
28177546	73	76	job	T090	C0028811
28177546	77	86	stressors	T078	C0597530
28177546	90	104	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
28177546	105	112	compare	T052	C1707455
28177546	127	130	job	T090	C0028811
28177546	131	141	stressors'	T078	C0597530
28177546	142	149	effects	T080	C1280500
28177546	153	160	nurses'	T097	C0028661
28177546	161	168	burnout	T048	C0006433
28177546	170	176	Nurses	T097	C0028661
28177546	184	189	group	T078	C0441833
28177546	193	217	health service providers	T097	C1704312
28177546	236	245	stressors	T078	C0597530
28177546	249	253	work	T057	C0043227
28177546	255	264	Extensive	T080	C0205231
28177546	265	273	research	T062	C0035168
28177546	291	303	relationship	T080	C0439849
28177546	312	315	job	T090	C0028811
28177546	316	325	stressors	T078	C0597530
28177546	330	337	burnout	T048	C0006433
28177546	348	352	less	T080	C0547044
28177546	370	378	compared	T052	C1707455
28177546	383	393	effects of	T080	C1704420
28177546	394	397	job	T090	C0028811
28177546	398	406	stressor	T078	C0597530
28177546	407	414	domains	T169	C1880389
28177546	418	425	nurses'	T097	C0028661
28177546	426	433	burnout	T048	C0006433
28177546	437	449	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28177546	450	472	cross-sectional survey	T062	C0010362
28177546	488	505	general hospitals	T073,T093	C0020008
28177546	509	514	Jinan	T083	C0017446
28177546	516	521	China	T083	C0008115
28177546	523	535	Participants	T098	C0679646
28177546	545	551	nurses	T097	C0028661
28177546	556	564	compared	T052	C1707455
28177546	570	579	potential	T080	C3245505
28177546	580	590	stressors'	T078	C0597530
28177546	610	617	nurses'	T097	C0028661
28177546	618	625	burnout	T048	C0006433
28177546	632	650	dominance analysis	T081	C0015483
28177546	674	682	stressor	T078	C0597530
28177546	687	702	intercorrelated	T080	C0205556
28177546	704	719	Strong positive	T033	C3845288
28177546	720	732	correlations	T080	C1707520
28177546	761	764	job	T090	C0028811
28177546	765	774	stressors	T078	C0597530
28177546	779	786	burnout	T048	C0006433
28177546	788	815	Interpersonal relationships	T054	C0021797
28177546	820	830	management	T057	C1273870
28177546	831	837	issues	T033	C0033213
28177546	843	851	strongly	T080	C0442821
28177546	852	861	predicted	T078	C0681842
28177546	862	875	participants'	T098	C0679646
28177546	876	883	burnout	T048	C0006433
28177546	894	901	average	T081	C1510992
28177546	902	910	variance	T080	C1711260
28177546	913	916	Job	T090	C0028811
28177546	917	926	stressors	T078	C0597530
28177546	945	972	interpersonal relationships	T054	C0021797
28177546	977	987	management	T057	C1273870
28177546	988	994	issues	T033	C0033213
28177546	996	1009	significantly	T078	C0750502
28177546	1018	1025	nurses'	T097	C0028661
28177546	1026	1037	job burnout	T048	C0006433
28177546	1057	1065	relative	T080	C0205345
28177546	1066	1075	effect of	T080	C1704420
28177546	1076	1079	job	T090	C0028811
28177546	1080	1089	stressors	T078	C0597530
28177546	1108	1116	fruitful	T080	C1272703
28177546	1127	1139	intervention	T061	C0184661
28177546	1144	1151	improve	T033	C0184511
28177546	1152	1157	nurse	T097	C0028661
28177546	1158	1169	recruitment	T052	C2949735
28177546	1174	1183	retention	T169	C0333117

28177801|t|Tracking the relative concentration between Bacteroidales DNA markers and culturable Escherichia coli in fecally polluted subtropical seawater: potential use in differentiating fresh and aged pollution
28177801|a|Routine water quality monitoring practices based on the enumeration of culturable Escherichia coli provides no information about the source or age of fecal pollution. An emerging strategy is to use culturable E. coli and the DNA markers of Bacteroidales complementarily for microbial source tracking. In this study, we consistently observed in seawater microcosms of 3 different conditions that culturable E. coli decayed faster (T99 = 1.14 - 4.29 days) than Bacteroidales DNA markers did (T99 = 1.81 - 200.23 days). Concomitantly, the relative concentration between Bacteroidales DNA markers and culturable E. coli increased over time in all treatments. Particularly, the increase during the early stage of the experiments (before T99 of E. coli was reached) was faster than during the later stage (after T99 of E. coli was attained). We propose that the tracking of the relative concentration between Bacteroidales DNA markers and culturable E. coli provides an opportunity to differentiate a pollution that is relative ly fresh from one that has aged. This method, upon further investigation and validation, could be useful in episodic pollution events where the surge of E. coli concentration causes noncompliance to the single sample maximum criterion that mandates high frequency follow-up monitoring.
28177801	0	8	Tracking	T082	C0546881
28177801	13	21	relative	T080	C0205345
28177801	22	35	concentration	T081	C1446561
28177801	44	57	Bacteroidales	T007	C1080663
28177801	58	69	DNA markers	T086	C0012872
28177801	74	84	culturable	T059	C2242979
28177801	85	101	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28177801	105	112	fecally	T031	C0015733
28177801	113	121	polluted	T069	C0392355
28177801	122	133	subtropical	UnknownType	C0241291
28177801	134	142	seawater	T167	C0036499
28177801	144	153	potential	T080	C3245505
28177801	154	157	use	T169	C0457083
28177801	161	176	differentiating	T080	C0205556
28177801	177	182	fresh	T080	C0205556
28177801	187	191	aged	T081	C0392762
28177801	192	201	pollution	T069	C0392355
28177801	202	209	Routine	T080	C0205547
28177801	210	223	water quality	T080	C0597680
28177801	224	244	monitoring practices	T057	C0014416
28177801	258	269	enumeration	T080	C1707927
28177801	273	283	culturable	T059	C2242979
28177801	284	300	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28177801	310	324	no information	T033	C0243095
28177801	335	341	source	T033	C0449416
28177801	345	348	age	T081	C0392762
28177801	352	357	fecal	T031	C0015733
28177801	358	367	pollution	T069	C0392355
28177801	396	399	use	T169	C0457083
28177801	400	410	culturable	T059	C2242979
28177801	411	418	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28177801	427	438	DNA markers	T086	C0012872
28177801	442	455	Bacteroidales	T007	C1080663
28177801	456	471	complementarily	T077	C1254372
28177801	476	485	microbial	T001	C0599840
28177801	486	492	source	T033	C0449416
28177801	493	501	tracking	T082	C0546881
28177801	511	516	study	T062	C2603343
28177801	521	533	consistently	T078	C0332290
28177801	534	542	observed	T169	C1441672
28177801	546	554	seawater	T167	C0036499
28177801	555	565	microcosms	T070	C0162358
28177801	571	580	different	T080	C1705242
28177801	581	591	conditions	T080	C0348080
28177801	597	607	culturable	T059	C2242979
28177801	608	615	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28177801	616	623	decayed	T067	C2700592
28177801	661	674	Bacteroidales	T007	C1080663
28177801	675	686	DNA markers	T086	C0012872
28177801	719	732	Concomitantly	T079	C0521115
28177801	738	746	relative	T080	C0205345
28177801	747	760	concentration	T081	C1446561
28177801	769	782	Bacteroidales	T007	C1080663
28177801	783	794	DNA markers	T086	C0012872
28177801	799	809	culturable	T059	C2242979
28177801	810	817	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28177801	818	827	increased	T081	C0205217
28177801	833	837	time	T079	C0040223
28177801	845	855	treatments	T169	C1522326
28177801	875	883	increase	T169	C0442805
28177801	895	906	early stage	T079	C2363430
28177801	914	925	experiments	T062	C0681814
28177801	941	948	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28177801	989	994	later	T079	C0205087
28177801	995	1000	stage	T079	C0205390
28177801	1015	1022	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28177801	1041	1048	propose	T078	C1705535
28177801	1058	1066	tracking	T082	C0546881
28177801	1074	1082	relative	T080	C0205345
28177801	1083	1096	concentration	T081	C1446561
28177801	1105	1118	Bacteroidales	T007	C1080663
28177801	1119	1130	DNA markers	T086	C0012872
28177801	1135	1145	culturable	T059	C2242979
28177801	1146	1153	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28177801	1181	1194	differentiate	T080	C0205556
28177801	1197	1206	pollution	T069	C0392355
28177801	1215	1223	relative	T080	C0205345
28177801	1227	1232	fresh	T080	C0205556
28177801	1251	1255	aged	T081	C0392762
28177801	1262	1268	method	T170	C0025663
28177801	1283	1296	investigation	T169	C1292732
28177801	1301	1311	validation	T062	C1519941
28177801	1322	1328	useful	T080	C3827682
28177801	1332	1340	episodic	T080	C1455761
28177801	1341	1350	pollution	T069	C0392355
28177801	1351	1357	events	T051	C0441471
28177801	1377	1384	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28177801	1385	1398	concentration	T081	C1446561
28177801	1406	1419	noncompliance	T078	C1254370
28177801	1427	1433	single	T081	C0205171
28177801	1434	1440	sample	T167	C0370003
28177801	1441	1448	maximum	T081	C0806909
28177801	1449	1458	criterion	T078	C0243161
28177801	1473	1487	high frequency	T079	C0205212
28177801	1488	1497	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28177801	1498	1508	monitoring	T057	C0014416

28177993|t|Effects of Hysterectomy on Pelvic Floor Disorders: A Longitudinal Study
28177993|a|Hysterectomy might adversely affect pelvic floor functions and result in many different symptoms, such as urinary and anal incontinence, obstructed defecation, and constipation. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the influence of hysterectomy on pelvic floor disorders. This was a prospective and longitudinal study. The study was conducted at the Ankara University Department of Surgery and the Dr Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital between September 2008 and March 2011. The study was performed on patients who underwent hysterectomy for benign pathologies. A questionnaire about urinary incontinence (International Continence Society scoring), anal incontinence, constipation, and obstructed defecation (Rome criteria and constipation severity score), along with an extensive obstetric history, was administered preoperatively and postoperatively annually for 4 years. Patients (N = 327) who had completed each of the 4 annual postoperative follow-ups were included in this study. Compared with the preoperative observations, the occurrence of each symptom was significantly increased at each of the follow-up years (p < 0.001). Over the 4 postoperative years, the frequencies for constipation (n = 245) were 7.8%, 8.2%, 8.6%, and 5.3%; those for obstructed defecation (n = 269) were 4.5%, 5.2%, 4.1%, and 3.0%; those for anal incontinence (n = 252) were 4.8%, 6.3%, 6.0%, and 5.2%, and those for urinary incontinence (n = 99) were 12.1%, 12.1%, 11.1%, and 13.1%. In addition, patients who had no preoperative symptom (n = 70) from any of the selected symptoms showed a postoperative occurrence of at least 1 of these symptoms of 15.8%, 14.3%, 11.4%, and 8.6% for the postoperative years 1, 2, 3, and 4. Although the study had several limitations, no comparison with a control population was the most important one. Hysterectomy for benign gynecologic pathologies had a significant negative impact on pelvic floor functions in patients who had no previous symptoms.
28177993	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28177993	11	23	Hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28177993	27	39	Pelvic Floor	T023	C0206248
28177993	40	49	Disorders	T047	C0012634
28177993	53	71	Longitudinal Study	T062	C0023981
28177993	72	84	Hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28177993	91	107	adversely affect	T169	C0392760
28177993	108	120	pelvic floor	T023	C0206248
28177993	121	130	functions	T169	C0542341
28177993	135	141	result	T169	C1274040
28177993	150	159	different	T080	C1705242
28177993	160	168	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28177993	178	185	urinary	T046	C0042024
28177993	190	194	anal	T023	C0003461
28177993	195	207	incontinence	T047	C0021167
28177993	209	230	obstructed defecation	T184	C2107752
28177993	236	248	constipation	T184	C0009806
28177993	266	283	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28177993	304	313	influence	T077	C4054723
28177993	317	329	hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28177993	333	345	pelvic floor	T023	C0206248
28177993	346	355	disorders	T047	C0012634
28177993	368	379	prospective	T062	C0033522
28177993	384	402	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
28177993	435	452	Ankara University	T073,T092	C0041740
28177993	453	474	Department of Surgery	T092	C1561598
28177993	483	550	Dr Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Research and Education Hospital	T093	C0013623
28177993	559	568	September	T079	C3828193
28177993	578	583	March	T079	C3829202
28177993	604	613	performed	T169	C0884358
28177993	617	625	patients	T101	C0030705
28177993	640	652	hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28177993	657	663	benign	T080	C0205183
28177993	664	675	pathologies	T046	C0677042
28177993	679	692	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28177993	699	719	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
28177993	721	761	International Continence Society scoring	T170	C0282574
28177993	764	768	anal	T023	C0003461
28177993	769	781	incontinence	T047	C0021167
28177993	783	795	constipation	T184	C0009806
28177993	801	822	obstructed defecation	T184	C2107752
28177993	824	869	Rome criteria and constipation severity score	T170	C0282574
28177993	886	895	extensive	T080	C0205231
28177993	896	913	obstetric history	T033	C0425963
28177993	919	931	administered	T169	C1521801
28177993	932	946	preoperatively	T079	C0445204
28177993	951	966	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28177993	967	975	annually	T079	C0332181
28177993	982	987	years	T079	C0439234
28177993	989	997	Patients	T101	C0030705
28177993	1016	1025	completed	T078	C1556116
28177993	1040	1046	annual	T079	C0332181
28177993	1047	1071	postoperative follow-ups	T058	C2585426
28177993	1077	1085	included	T169	C0332257
28177993	1094	1099	study	T062	C2603343
28177993	1101	1109	Compared	T052	C1707455
28177993	1119	1131	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28177993	1132	1144	observations	T058	C0700325
28177993	1150	1160	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28177993	1169	1176	symptom	T184	C1457887
28177993	1181	1204	significantly increased	T081	C4055637
28177993	1220	1229	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28177993	1230	1235	years	T079	C0439234
28177993	1260	1273	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28177993	1274	1279	years	T079	C0439234
28177993	1285	1296	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28177993	1301	1313	constipation	T184	C0009806
28177993	1367	1388	obstructed defecation	T184	C2107752
28177993	1442	1446	anal	T023	C0003461
28177993	1447	1459	incontinence	T047	C0021167
28177993	1517	1537	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
28177993	1597	1605	patients	T101	C0030705
28177993	1617	1629	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28177993	1630	1637	symptom	T184	C1457887
28177993	1663	1671	selected	T052	C1707391
28177993	1672	1680	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28177993	1690	1703	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28177993	1704	1714	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28177993	1738	1746	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28177993	1788	1801	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28177993	1802	1807	years	T079	C0439234
28177993	1847	1866	several limitations	T169	C0449295
28177993	1871	1881	comparison	T052	C1707455
28177993	1889	1896	control	T096	C0009932
28177993	1897	1907	population	T098	C1257890
28177993	1921	1930	important	T080	C3898777
28177993	1936	1948	Hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28177993	1953	1959	benign	T080	C0205183
28177993	1960	1983	gynecologic pathologies	T091	C1512289
28177993	1990	2001	significant	T078	C0750502
28177993	2002	2010	negative	T033	C0205160
28177993	2011	2017	impact	T080	C4049986
28177993	2021	2033	pelvic floor	T023	C0206248
28177993	2034	2043	functions	T169	C0542341
28177993	2047	2055	patients	T101	C0030705
28177993	2067	2075	previous	T079	C0205156
28177993	2076	2084	symptoms	T184	C1457887

28178386|t|Evaluating a dignity care intervention for palliative care in the community setting: community nurses ' perspectives
28178386|a|To evaluate a dignity care intervention provided by community nurses seeking to address dignity concerns for people with advanced and life-limiting conditions. Evidence would suggest that dying people fear a loss of dignity and a central focus of palliative care is to assist people to die with dignity. Whilst community nurses have a key role to play in the delivery of palliative care, specific interventions for dignity are lacking. A mixed methods study using online survey and focus group interviews and thematic analysis to examine data. Twenty four community nurses implemented the dignity care intervention for people with advanced and life-limiting conditions were recruited from four pilot sites across Ireland. Four focus group interviews and on line survey were conducted between March-June 2015. The community nurses found the dignity care intervention useful. It helped the nurses to provide holistic end-of-life care and assisted in the overall assessment of palliative care patients, identifying areas that might not otherwise have been noted. Whilst it was a useful tool for communication, they noted that it stimulated some emotionally sensitive conversations for which they felt unprepared. Implementing the dignity care intervention in practice was challenging. However, the dignity care intervention facilitated holistic assessment and identified patient dignity-related concerns that may not have been otherwise identified. Further support is required to overcome barriers and enable dignity-conserving care. Ensuring dignity is a key aspect of palliative and end-of-life care; however, community nurses may not feel equipped to address this aspect of care. Implementing a dignity care intervention can assist in identifying patient dignity-related concerns and provision of holistic care. Community nurses need more training to assist in difficult conversations relating to dignity and end-of-life care.
28178386	0	10	Evaluating	T058	C0220825
28178386	13	20	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	21	25	care	T052	C1947933
28178386	26	38	intervention	T061	C0184661
28178386	43	58	palliative care	T091	C0030231
28178386	66	83	community setting	T096	C0009462
28178386	85	101	community nurses	T097	C0557521
28178386	104	116	perspectives	T078	C0871586
28178386	120	128	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28178386	131	138	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	139	143	care	T052	C1947933
28178386	144	156	intervention	T061	C0184661
28178386	169	185	community nurses	T097	C0557521
28178386	205	212	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	213	221	concerns	T078	C2699424
28178386	226	232	people	T098	C0027361
28178386	238	246	advanced	T080	C0205179
28178386	251	275	life-limiting conditions	T033	C1517874
28178386	277	285	Evidence	T078	C3887511
28178386	305	317	dying people	T101	C0871503
28178386	318	322	fear	T041	C0015726
28178386	325	329	loss	T081	C1517945
28178386	333	340	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	347	360	central focus	T033	C0517484
28178386	364	379	palliative care	T091	C0030231
28178386	386	392	assist	T080	C1269765
28178386	393	399	people	T098	C0027361
28178386	403	406	die	T040	C0011065
28178386	412	419	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	428	444	community nurses	T097	C0557521
28178386	476	484	delivery	T058	C0011211
28178386	488	503	palliative care	T091	C0030231
28178386	514	527	interventions	T061	C0184661
28178386	532	539	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	544	551	lacking	T080	C0332268
28178386	555	574	mixed methods study	T062	C2603343
28178386	581	594	online survey	T170	C0038951
28178386	599	621	focus group interviews	T062	C0018260
28178386	626	643	thematic analysis	T062	C0936012
28178386	655	659	data	T078	C1511726
28178386	673	689	community nurses	T097	C0557521
28178386	690	701	implemented	T052	C1708476
28178386	706	713	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	714	718	care	T052	C1947933
28178386	719	731	intervention	T061	C0184661
28178386	736	742	people	T098	C0027361
28178386	748	756	advanced	T080	C0205179
28178386	761	785	life-limiting conditions	T033	C1517874
28178386	791	800	recruited	T052	C2949735
28178386	830	837	Ireland	T083	C0022067
28178386	844	866	focus group interviews	T062	C0018260
28178386	871	885	on line survey	T170	C0038951
28178386	930	946	community nurses	T097	C0557521
28178386	947	952	found	T033	C0243095
28178386	957	964	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	965	969	care	T052	C1947933
28178386	970	982	intervention	T061	C0184661
28178386	1005	1011	nurses	T097	C0557521
28178386	1023	1048	holistic end-of-life care	T091	C0282561
28178386	1053	1061	assisted	T080	C1269765
28178386	1069	1087	overall assessment	T058	C0220825
28178386	1091	1106	palliative care	T091	C0030231
28178386	1107	1115	patients	T101	C0030705
28178386	1200	1204	tool	T170	C0025663
28178386	1209	1222	communication	T054	C0009452
28178386	1243	1253	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28178386	1259	1270	emotionally	T041	C0013987
28178386	1271	1280	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28178386	1281	1294	conversations	T054	C0871703
28178386	1327	1339	Implementing	T052	C1708476
28178386	1344	1351	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	1352	1356	care	T052	C1947933
28178386	1357	1369	intervention	T061	C0184661
28178386	1412	1419	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	1420	1424	care	T052	C1947933
28178386	1425	1437	intervention	T061	C0184661
28178386	1450	1469	holistic assessment	T058	C0220825
28178386	1474	1484	identified	T080	C0205396
28178386	1485	1492	patient	T101	C0030705
28178386	1493	1508	dignity-related	T078	C2713415
28178386	1509	1517	concerns	T078	C2699424
28178386	1551	1561	identified	T080	C0205396
28178386	1603	1611	barriers	T080	C0679881
28178386	1623	1641	dignity-conserving	T078	C2713415
28178386	1642	1646	care	T052	C1947933
28178386	1657	1664	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	1670	1680	key aspect	T080	C1879746
28178386	1684	1715	palliative and end-of-life care	T061	C2032843
28178386	1726	1742	community nurses	T097	C0557521
28178386	1781	1787	aspect	T080	C1879746
28178386	1791	1795	care	T052	C1947933
28178386	1797	1809	Implementing	T052	C1708476
28178386	1812	1819	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	1820	1824	care	T052	C1947933
28178386	1825	1837	intervention	T061	C0184661
28178386	1842	1848	assist	T080	C1269765
28178386	1852	1863	identifying	T080	C0205396
28178386	1864	1871	patient	T101	C0030705
28178386	1872	1887	dignity-related	T078	C2713415
28178386	1888	1896	concerns	T078	C2699424
28178386	1901	1910	provision	T058	C1283218
28178386	1914	1927	holistic care	T091	C0282561
28178386	1929	1945	Community nurses	T097	C0557521
28178386	1956	1964	training	T065	C0220931
28178386	1968	1974	assist	T080	C1269765
28178386	1978	1987	difficult	T080	C0332218
28178386	1988	2001	conversations	T054	C0871703
28178386	2014	2021	dignity	T078	C2713415
28178386	2026	2042	end-of-life care	T058	C0039548

28179001|t|Caryocar brasiliense oil improves cardiac function by increasing Serca2a / PLB ratio despite no significant changes in cardiovascular risk factors in rats
28179001|a|Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) oil is high in monounsaturated fat acids (MUFA), especially oleic, and in carotenoids, which have been associated with protection against cardiovascular disease. However, this food is poorly studied in this context, especially in the cardiac function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a long-term intake of pequi oil in systemic cardiovascular risk factors and in the ex vivo cardiac function of rats. Previously, we determined fatty acids and carotenoids in pequi oil. Next, male rats were divided in C - control group feed a standard diet, and PO - pequi oil group fed the same diet added pequi oil (+2.25 g.100 g(-1)). After 15 weeks, plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, blood pressure, heart rate, hepatic lipids were accessed and visceral fat pads were harvested. Hearts were used for the ex vivo cardiac function, histologic assays, SERCA2a and phospholanban (PLB) determinations. In agreement with scientific data, pequi oil had expressive amounts MUFA, especially oleic acid, and carotenoids. Hepatic triglycerides (TG) were reduced by pequi oil intake (p < 0.05). All others cardiovascular risk factors were not changed. The intrinsic heart rate was lower in PO group (p < 0.05). SERCA2a content was higher in this group (p < 0.05), without affecting PLB. Also, SERCA2a / PLB ratio increased in PO group (p < 0.05). Pequi oil intake improved cardiac function ex vivo, despite no significant changes in systemic cardiovascular risk factors. The higher lipid offer in pequi oil diet, its composition in oleic acid and carotenoids could be related to those effects.
28179001	0	24	Caryocar brasiliense oil	T109	C3818737
28179001	25	33	improves	T033	C0184511
28179001	34	50	cardiac function	T042	C0232164
28179001	65	72	Serca2a	T116,T126	C1455616
28179001	75	78	PLB	T116,T126	C0070876
28179001	119	146	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28179001	150	154	rats	T015	C0086893
28179001	155	187	Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) oil	T109	C3818737
28179001	199	224	monounsaturated fat acids	T109,T123	C0015687
28179001	226	230	MUFA	T109,T123	C0015687
28179001	244	249	oleic	T109,T121	C0028928
28179001	258	269	carotenoids	T109,T121,T123	C0007271
28179001	322	344	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28179001	360	364	food	T168	C0016452
28179001	418	434	cardiac function	T042	C0232164
28179001	467	474	effects	T080	C1280500
28179001	480	489	long-term	T079	C0443252
28179001	490	496	intake	T169	C1512806
28179001	500	509	pequi oil	T109	C3818737
28179001	522	549	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28179001	561	568	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28179001	569	585	cardiac function	T042	C0232164
28179001	589	593	rats	T015	C0086893
28179001	621	632	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
28179001	637	648	carotenoids	T109,T121,T123	C0007271
28179001	652	661	pequi oil	T109	C3818737
28179001	669	673	male	T032	C0086582
28179001	674	678	rats	T015	C0086893
28179001	699	712	control group	T096	C0009932
28179001	720	733	standard diet	T056	C0184625
28179001	739	741	PO	T109	C3818737
28179001	744	753	pequi oil	T109	C3818737
28179001	754	759	group	T078	C0441833
28179001	773	777	diet	T056	C0184625
28179001	784	793	pequi oil	T109	C3818737
28179001	824	829	weeks	T079	C0439230
28179001	831	837	plasma	T031	C0032105
28179001	838	844	lipids	T109	C0023779
28179001	846	853	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28179001	855	862	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28179001	864	878	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28179001	880	890	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28179001	892	906	hepatic lipids	T109	C0023779
28179001	925	942	visceral fat pads	T024	C1563740
28179001	959	965	Hearts	T023	C0018787
28179001	984	991	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28179001	992	1008	cardiac function	T042	C0232164
28179001	1010	1027	histologic assays	T059	C0019637
28179001	1029	1036	SERCA2a	T116,T126	C1455616
28179001	1041	1054	phospholanban	T116,T126	C0070876
28179001	1056	1059	PLB	T116,T126	C0070876
28179001	1112	1121	pequi oil	T109	C3818737
28179001	1145	1149	MUFA	T109,T123	C0015687
28179001	1162	1172	oleic acid	T109,T121	C0028928
28179001	1178	1189	carotenoids	T109,T121,T123	C0007271
28179001	1191	1212	Hepatic triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28179001	1214	1216	TG	T109,T123	C0041004
28179001	1234	1243	pequi oil	T109	C3818737
28179001	1244	1250	intake	T169	C1512806
28179001	1274	1301	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28179001	1324	1333	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28179001	1334	1344	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28179001	1358	1360	PO	T109	C3818737
28179001	1361	1366	group	T078	C0441833
28179001	1379	1386	SERCA2a	T116,T126	C1455616
28179001	1414	1419	group	T078	C0441833
28179001	1440	1449	affecting	T169	C0392760
28179001	1450	1453	PLB	T116,T126	C0070876
28179001	1461	1468	SERCA2a	T116,T126	C1455616
28179001	1471	1474	PLB	T116,T126	C0070876
28179001	1494	1496	PO	T109	C3818737
28179001	1497	1502	group	T078	C0441833
28179001	1515	1524	Pequi oil	T109	C3818737
28179001	1525	1531	intake	T169	C1512806
28179001	1532	1540	improved	T033	C0184511
28179001	1541	1557	cardiac function	T042	C0232164
28179001	1558	1565	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28179001	1610	1637	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28179001	1650	1655	lipid	T109	C0023779
28179001	1665	1674	pequi oil	T109	C3818737
28179001	1675	1679	diet	T168	C0012155
28179001	1700	1710	oleic acid	T109,T121	C0028928
28179001	1715	1726	carotenoids	T109,T121,T123	C0007271
28179001	1753	1760	effects	T080	C1280500

28179308|t|Renieramycin M Attenuates Cancer Stem Cell -like Phenotypes in H460 Lung Cancer Cells
28179308|a|Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells that possess self-renewal and differentiation capacities. CSCs contribute to drug-resistance, cancer recurrence and metastasis, thus development of CSC -targeted therapeutic strategies has recently received significant attention in cancer research. In this study, the potential efficacy of renieramycin M (RM) isolated from the sponge Xestospongia species, was examined against lung CSCs. Colony and spheroid formation assays, as well as western blotting analysis of lung CSC protein markers were employed to determine the CSC -like phenotypes of H460 lung cancer cells after treatment with RM at non-toxic concentrations. RM treatment reduced significantly colony and spheroid formation of H460 cells. Moreover, the CSC markers CD133, CD44 and ALDH1A1 of CSC -enriched H460 cells were reduced significantly following RM treatment. RM could be a potent anti-metastatic agent by suppressing lung CSC -like phenotypes in H460 cells.
28179308	0	14	Renieramycin M	T109	C1435644
28179308	26	42	Cancer Stem Cell	T025	C1956422
28179308	49	59	Phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28179308	63	67	H460	T025	C0597032
28179308	68	72	Lung	T023	C0024109
28179308	73	85	Cancer Cells	T025	C0597032
28179308	86	103	Cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
28179308	105	109	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28179308	134	146	cancer cells	T025	C0597032
28179308	160	172	self-renewal	T043	C1155711
28179308	177	192	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28179308	205	209	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28179308	224	239	drug-resistance	T038	C0013203
28179308	241	258	cancer recurrence	T191	C0920420
28179308	263	273	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28179308	280	291	development	T169	C1527148
28179308	295	298	CSC	T025	C1956422
28179308	309	331	therapeutic strategies	T061	C0087111
28179308	379	394	cancer research	T062	C1516225
28179308	404	409	study	T062	C2603343
28179308	425	433	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28179308	437	451	renieramycin M	T109	C1435644
28179308	453	455	RM	T109	C1435644
28179308	475	481	sponge	T204	C0032699
28179308	482	502	Xestospongia species	T204	C1204055
28179308	508	516	examined	T033	C0332128
28179308	525	529	lung	T023	C0024109
28179308	530	534	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28179308	536	572	Colony and spheroid formation assays	T059	C0005507
28179308	585	610	western blotting analysis	T059,T063	C0005863
28179308	614	618	lung	T023	C0024109
28179308	619	622	CSC	T025	C1956422
28179308	623	630	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28179308	631	638	markers	T123	C0041365
28179308	670	673	CSC	T025	C1956422
28179308	680	690	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28179308	694	698	H460	T025	C0597032
28179308	699	703	lung	T023	C0024109
28179308	704	716	cancer cells	T025	C0597032
28179308	723	732	treatment	T061	C0087111
28179308	738	740	RM	T109	C1435644
28179308	744	768	non-toxic concentrations	UnknownType	C0678563
28179308	770	772	RM	T109	C1435644
28179308	773	782	treatment	T061	C0087111
28179308	805	834	colony and spheroid formation	T059	C0005507
28179308	838	848	H460 cells	T025	C0597032
28179308	864	867	CSC	T025	C1956422
28179308	868	875	markers	T123	C0041365
28179308	876	881	CD133	T116,T123	C0673026
28179308	883	887	CD44	T116,T129	C1097299
28179308	892	899	ALDH1A1	T116,T126	C1721673
28179308	903	906	CSC	T025	C1956422
28179308	917	927	H460 cells	T025	C0597032
28179308	965	967	RM	T109	C1435644
28179308	968	977	treatment	T061	C0087111
28179308	979	981	RM	T109	C1435644
28179308	1000	1021	anti-metastatic agent	T121	C1516021
28179308	1037	1041	lung	T023	C0024109
28179308	1042	1045	CSC	T025	C1956422
28179308	1052	1062	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28179308	1066	1076	H460 cells	T025	C0597032

28179361|t|A microbial signature for Crohn's disease
28179361|a|A decade of microbiome studies has linked IBD to an alteration in the gut microbial community of genetically predisposed subjects. However, existing profiles of gut microbiome dysbiosis in adult IBD patients are inconsistent among published studies, and did not allow the identification of microbial signatures for CD and UC. Here, we aimed to compare the faecal microbiome of CD with patients having UC and with non - IBD subjects in a longitudinal study. We analysed a cohort of 2045 non - IBD and IBD faecal samples from four countries (Spain, Belgium, the UK and Germany), applied a 16S rRNA sequencing approach and analysed a total dataset of 115 million sequences. In the Spanish cohort, dysbiosis was found significantly greater in patients with CD than with UC, as shown by a more reduced diversity, a less stable microbial community and eight microbial groups were proposed as a specific microbial signature for CD. Tested against the whole cohort, the signature achieved an overall sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 94%, 94%, 89% and 91% for the detection of CD versus healthy controls, patients with anorexia, IBS and UC, respectively. Although UC and CD share many epidemiologic, immunologic, therapeutic and clinical features, our results showed that they are two distinct subtypes of IBD at the microbiome level. For the first time, we are proposing microbiomarkers to discriminate between CD and non - CD independently of geographical regions.
28179361	2	11	microbial	T001	C0599840
28179361	12	21	signature	T169	C1704864
28179361	26	41	Crohn's disease	T047	C0010346
28179361	44	50	decade	T081	C2981279
28179361	54	64	microbiome	T001	C1956108
28179361	65	72	studies	T062	C2603343
28179361	84	87	IBD	T047	C0021390
28179361	94	104	alteration	T078	C1515926
28179361	112	115	gut	T023	C0699819
28179361	116	125	microbial	T001	C0599840
28179361	126	135	community	T096	C0009462
28179361	139	150	genetically	T169	C0314603
28179361	151	162	predisposed	T169	C0231203
28179361	163	171	subjects	T098	C0080105
28179361	191	199	profiles	T059	C1979963
28179361	203	206	gut	T023	C0699819
28179361	207	217	microbiome	T001	C1956108
28179361	218	227	dysbiosis	T046	C3658208
28179361	231	236	adult	T100	C0001675
28179361	237	240	IBD	T047	C0021390
28179361	241	249	patients	T101	C0030705
28179361	254	266	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
28179361	273	282	published	T057	C0034037
28179361	283	290	studies	T062	C2603343
28179361	314	328	identification	T080	C0205396
28179361	332	341	microbial	T001	C0599840
28179361	342	352	signatures	T169	C1704864
28179361	357	359	CD	T047	C0010346
28179361	364	366	UC	T047	C0009324
28179361	377	382	aimed	T078	C1947946
28179361	386	393	compare	T052	C1707455
28179361	398	404	faecal	T031	C0015733
28179361	405	415	microbiome	T001	C1956108
28179361	419	421	CD	T047	C0010346
28179361	427	435	patients	T101	C0030705
28179361	443	445	UC	T047	C0009324
28179361	455	458	non	T169	C0332197
28179361	461	464	IBD	T047	C0021390
28179361	465	473	subjects	T098	C0080105
28179361	479	497	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
28179361	513	519	cohort	T098	C0599755
28179361	528	531	non	T169	C0332197
28179361	534	537	IBD	T047	C0021390
28179361	542	545	IBD	T047	C0021390
28179361	546	552	faecal	T031	C0015733
28179361	553	560	samples	T167	C0370003
28179361	571	580	countries	T083	C0454664
28179361	582	587	Spain	T083	C0037747
28179361	589	596	Belgium	T083	C0004950
28179361	602	604	UK	T083	C0041700
28179361	609	616	Germany	T083	C0017480
28179361	629	648	16S rRNA sequencing	T059	C3258987
28179361	679	686	dataset	T170	C0150098
28179361	702	711	sequences	T086	C0162327
28179361	720	727	Spanish	T098	C0086409
28179361	728	734	cohort	T098	C0599755
28179361	736	745	dysbiosis	T046	C3658208
28179361	756	777	significantly greater	T081	C4055637
28179361	781	789	patients	T101	C0030705
28179361	795	797	CD	T047	C0010346
28179361	808	810	UC	T047	C0009324
28179361	831	838	reduced	T080	C0392756
28179361	839	848	diversity	T080	C1880371
28179361	857	863	stable	T080	C0205360
28179361	864	873	microbial	T001	C0599840
28179361	874	883	community	T096	C0009462
28179361	894	903	microbial	T001	C0599840
28179361	904	910	groups	T078	C0441833
28179361	916	924	proposed	T080	C1553874
28179361	930	938	specific	T080	C0205369
28179361	939	948	microbial	T001	C0599840
28179361	949	958	signature	T169	C1704864
28179361	963	965	CD	T047	C0010346
28179361	967	973	Tested	T169	C0039593
28179361	992	998	cohort	T098	C0599755
28179361	1004	1013	signature	T169	C1704864
28179361	1034	1045	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28179361	1059	1070	specificity	T081	C0037791
28179361	1104	1113	detection	T061	C1511790
28179361	1117	1119	CD	T047	C0010346
28179361	1127	1134	healthy	T080	C3898900
28179361	1135	1143	controls	T096	C0009932
28179361	1145	1153	patients	T101	C0030705
28179361	1159	1167	anorexia	T047	C0003123
28179361	1169	1172	IBS	T047	C0022104
28179361	1177	1179	UC	T047	C0009324
28179361	1204	1206	UC	T047	C0009324
28179361	1211	1213	CD	T047	C0010346
28179361	1225	1238	epidemiologic	T169	C0014508
28179361	1240	1251	immunologic	T169	C0205470
28179361	1253	1264	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28179361	1269	1277	clinical	T080	C0205210
28179361	1278	1286	features	T080	C2348519
28179361	1292	1299	results	T169	C1274040
28179361	1334	1342	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28179361	1346	1349	IBD	T047	C0021390
28179361	1357	1367	microbiome	T001	C1956108
28179361	1368	1373	level	T080	C0441889
28179361	1383	1388	first	T080	C1279901
28179361	1389	1393	time	T079	C0040223
28179361	1412	1427	microbiomarkers	T201	C0005516
28179361	1431	1443	discriminate	T080	C0205235
28179361	1452	1454	CD	T047	C0010346
28179361	1459	1462	non	T169	C0332197
28179361	1465	1467	CD	T047	C0010346
28179361	1485	1505	geographical regions	T083	C0017446

28179399|t|Differential proteomics profiling identifies LDPs and biological functions in high-fat diet - induced fatty livers
28179399|a|Eukaryotic cells store neutral lipids in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) enclosed in a monolayer of phospholipids and associated proteins [LD proteins (LDPs)]. Growing evidence has demonstrated that LDPs play important roles in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, the composition of liver LDPs and the role of their alterations in hepatosteatosis are not well-understood. In this study, we performed liver proteome and LD sub-proteome profiling to identify enriched proteins in LDs as LDPs, and quantified their changes in a high-fat diet (HFD)- induced fatty liver model. Among 5,000 quantified liver proteins, 101 were enriched by greater than 10-fold in the LD sub-proteome and were classified as LDPs. Differential profiling of LDPs in HFD - induced fatty liver provided a list of candidate LDPs for functional investigation. We tested the function of an upregulated LDP, S100a10, in vivo with adenovirus -mediated gene silencing and found, unexpectedly, that knockdown of S100a10 accelerated progression of HFD - induced liver steatosis. The S100A10 interactome revealed a connection between S100A10 and lipid transporting proteins, suggesting that S100A10 regulates the development and formation of LDs by transporting and trafficking. This study identified LD -enriched sub-proteome in homeostatic as well as HFD - induced fatty livers, providing a rich resource for the LDP research field.
28179399	0	33	Differential proteomics profiling	T059	C1327760
28179399	45	49	LDPs	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	54	74	biological functions	T038	C3714634
28179399	78	91	high-fat diet	T168	C0453819
28179399	94	101	induced	T169	C0205263
28179399	102	114	fatty livers	T047	C0015695
28179399	115	131	Eukaryotic cells	T025	C0015161
28179399	138	152	neutral lipids	T109	C0023779
28179399	156	167	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
28179399	168	182	lipid droplets	T026	C0230704
28179399	184	187	LDs	T026	C0230704
28179399	203	212	monolayer	T023	C0934502
28179399	216	229	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
28179399	234	253	associated proteins	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	255	266	LD proteins	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	268	272	LDPs	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	315	319	LDPs	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	348	360	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28179399	364	378	liver diseases	T047	C0023895
28179399	408	413	liver	T023	C0023884
28179399	414	418	LDPs	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	456	471	hepatosteatosis	T047	C2711227
28179399	525	530	liver	T023	C0023884
28179399	531	539	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
28179399	544	546	LD	T026	C0230704
28179399	547	569	sub-proteome profiling	T059	C1327760
28179399	591	599	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28179399	603	606	LDs	T026	C0230704
28179399	610	614	LDPs	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	620	630	quantified	T081	C1709793
28179399	650	663	high-fat diet	T168	C0453819
28179399	665	668	HFD	T168	C0453819
28179399	671	678	induced	T169	C0205263
28179399	679	690	fatty liver	T047	C0015695
28179399	691	696	model	T075	C0026339
28179399	710	720	quantified	T081	C1709793
28179399	758	770	greater than	T081	C0439093
28179399	786	788	LD	T026	C0230704
28179399	789	801	sub-proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
28179399	825	829	LDPs	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	831	853	Differential profiling	T059	C1327760
28179399	857	861	LDPs	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	865	868	HFD	T168	C0453819
28179399	871	878	induced	T169	C0205263
28179399	879	890	fatty liver	T047	C0015695
28179399	920	924	LDPs	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	984	995	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28179399	996	999	LDP	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	1001	1008	S100a10	T028	C1419782
28179399	1010	1017	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28179399	1023	1033	adenovirus	T005	C0001483
28179399	1044	1058	gene silencing	T040	C1155285
28179399	1089	1098	knockdown	T045	C0920533
28179399	1102	1109	S100a10	T028	C1419782
28179399	1137	1140	HFD	T168	C0453819
28179399	1143	1150	induced	T169	C0205263
28179399	1151	1166	liver steatosis	T047	C2711227
28179399	1172	1179	S100A10	T116,T192	C0966870
28179399	1222	1229	S100A10	T116,T192	C0966870
28179399	1234	1261	lipid transporting proteins	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	1279	1286	S100A10	T028	C1419782
28179399	1330	1333	LDs	T026	C0230704
28179399	1389	1391	LD	T026	C0230704
28179399	1402	1414	sub-proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
28179399	1418	1429	homeostatic	T038	C0019868
28179399	1441	1444	HFD	T168	C0453819
28179399	1447	1454	induced	T169	C0205263
28179399	1455	1467	fatty livers	T047	C0015695
28179399	1503	1506	LDP	T116,T123	C4277676
28179399	1507	1521	research field	T062	C0242481

28179478|t|Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of current hand amputees reveals evidence for neuronal -level changes in former sensorimotor cortex
28179478|a|Deafferentation is accompanied by large-scale functional reorganization of maps in the primary sensory and motor areas of the hemisphere contralateral to injury. Animal models of deafferentation suggest a variety of cellular -level changes including depression of neuronal metabolism and even neuronal death. Whether similar neuronal changes contribute to patterns of reorganization within the contralateral sensorimotor cortex of chronic human amputees is uncertain. We used functional MRI-guided proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to test the hypothesis that unilateral deafferentation is associated with lower levels of N-acetylaspartate (NAA, a putative marker of neuronal integrity) in the sensorimotor hand territory located contralateral to the missing hand in chronic amputees (n = 19) compared with the analogous hand territory of age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 28). We also tested whether former amputees [i.e., recipients of replanted (n = 3) or transplanted (n = 2) hands] exhibit NAA levels that are indistinguishable from controls, possible evidence for reversal of the effects of deafferentation. As predicted, relative to controls, current amputees exhibited lower levels of NAA that were negatively and significantly correlated with the time after amputation. Contrary to our prediction, NAA levels in both replanted and transplanted patients fell within the range of the current amputees. We suggest that lower levels of NAA in current amputees reflects altered neuronal integrity consequent to chronic deafferentation. Thus local changes in NAA levels may provide a means of assessing neuroplastic changes in deafferented cortex. Results from former amputees suggest that these changes may not be readily reversible through reafferentation .NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to use functional magnetic resonance-guided magnetic resonance spectroscopy to examine neurochemical mechanisms underlying functional reorganization in the primary somatosensory and motor cortices consequent to upper extremity amputation and its potential reversal through hand replantation or transplantation. We provide evidence for selective alteration of cortical neuronal integrity associated with amputation - related deafferentation that may not be reversible.
28179478	0	31	Magnetic resonance spectroscopy	T060	C0024487
28179478	43	47	hand	T023	C0018563
28179478	48	56	amputees	T101	C0002695
28179478	78	86	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28179478	94	101	changes	T078	C1515926
28179478	112	131	sensorimotor cortex	T023	C3499125
28179478	132	147	Deafferentation	T061	C1522415
28179478	189	211	reorganization of maps	T043	C1511632
28179478	227	250	sensory and motor areas	T023	C3499125
28179478	258	282	hemisphere contralateral	T082	C0441988
28179478	286	292	injury	T037	C3263722
28179478	294	307	Animal models	T008	C0599779
28179478	311	326	deafferentation	T061	C1522415
28179478	348	356	cellular	T025	C0007634
28179478	364	371	changes	T078	C1515926
28179478	382	392	depression	T169	C0205245
28179478	396	404	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28179478	405	415	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28179478	425	439	neuronal death	T043	C2754100
28179478	457	465	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28179478	466	473	changes	T078	C1515926
28179478	500	514	reorganization	T043	C1511632
28179478	526	539	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28179478	540	559	sensorimotor cortex	T023	C3499125
28179478	563	585	chronic human amputees	T101	C0002695
28179478	619	668	MRI-guided proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy	T060	C3850002
28179478	672	691	test the hypothesis	T062	C0681918
28179478	697	723	unilateral deafferentation	T061	C1522415
28179478	743	776	lower levels of N-acetylaspartate	T033	C3279318
28179478	778	781	NAA	T116,T123	C0067684
28179478	785	800	putative marker	T201	C0005516
28179478	804	812	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28179478	813	822	integrity	T080	C1947912
28179478	831	858	sensorimotor hand territory	T022	C0599408
28179478	867	880	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28179478	888	900	missing hand	T033	C0426868
28179478	904	920	chronic amputees	T101	C0002695
28179478	958	972	hand territory	T033	C0243095
28179478	976	996	age- and sex-matched	T033	C0243095
28179478	997	1013	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28179478	1047	1062	former amputees	T101	C0002695
28179478	1070	1080	recipients	T101	C0376387
28179478	1084	1093	replanted	T061	C0035139
28179478	1105	1131	transplanted (n = 2) hands	T061	C3658361
28179478	1141	1144	NAA	T116,T123	C0067684
28179478	1145	1151	levels	T080	C0441889
28179478	1184	1192	controls	T096	C0009932
28179478	1243	1258	deafferentation	T061	C1522415
28179478	1286	1294	controls	T096	C0009932
28179478	1304	1312	amputees	T101	C0002695
28179478	1339	1342	NAA	T116,T123	C0067684
28179478	1413	1423	amputation	T061	C0002688
28179478	1453	1456	NAA	T116,T123	C0067684
28179478	1472	1481	replanted	T061	C0408890
28179478	1486	1507	transplanted patients	T101	C0376387
28179478	1508	1512	fell	T081	C0392762
28179478	1537	1553	current amputees	T101	C0002695
28179478	1587	1590	NAA	T116,T123	C0067684
28179478	1602	1610	amputees	T101	C0002695
28179478	1628	1636	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28179478	1637	1646	integrity	T080	C1947912
28179478	1661	1684	chronic deafferentation	T061	C1522415
28179478	1697	1704	changes	T078	C1515926
28179478	1708	1711	NAA	T116,T123	C0067684
28179478	1752	1764	neuroplastic	T042	C0027880
28179478	1765	1772	changes	T078	C1515926
28179478	1776	1788	deafferented	T061	C1522415
28179478	1789	1795	cortex	T023	C3499125
28179478	1810	1825	former amputees	T101	C0002695
28179478	1845	1852	changes	T078	C1515926
28179478	1891	1906	reafferentation	T061	C0870112
28179478	1967	2024	magnetic resonance-guided magnetic resonance spectroscopy	T060	C0024487
28179478	2036	2060	neurochemical mechanisms	T040	C0027842
28179478	2072	2097	functional reorganization	T043	C1511632
28179478	2105	2126	primary somatosensory	T023	C0037658
28179478	2131	2145	motor cortices	T029	C3495441
28179478	2166	2186	extremity amputation	T061	C0002688
28179478	2222	2239	hand replantation	T061	C0408890
28179478	2243	2258	transplantation	T061	C3658361
28179478	2308	2325	cortical neuronal	T025	C2333134
28179478	2326	2335	integrity	T080	C1947912
28179478	2352	2362	amputation	T061	C0002688
28179478	2365	2388	related deafferentation	T061	C1522415

28179560|t|Specific Lobar Affection Reveals a Rostrocaudal Gradient in Functional Outcome in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage
28179560|a|Several studies have reported a better functional outcome in lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) compared with deep location. However, among lobar ICH, a correlation of hemorrhage site -involving the specific lobes -with functional outcome has not been established. Conservatively treated patients with supratentorial ICH, admitted to our hospital over a 5-year period (2008-2012), were retrospectively analyzed. Lobar patients were classified as isolated or overlapping ICH according to affected lobes. Demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics were recorded and compared among lobar ICH patients using above subclassification. Functional outcome -dichotomized into favorable (modified Rankin Scale, 0-3) and unfavorable (modified Rankin Scale, 4-6)-was assessed after 3 and 12 months. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors for favorable outcome. Of overall 553 patients, 260 had lobar ICH. In isolated lobar ICH, median hematoma - volume decreased from rostral (frontal, 22.4 mL [7.3-55.5 mL]) to caudal (occipital, 7.1 mL [5.2-16.4 mL]; P=0.045), whereas the proportion of patients with favorable outcome increased (frontal: 23/63 [36.5%] versus occipital: 10/12 [83.3%]; P=0.003). Patients with overlapping lobar ICH had larger ICH volumes than isolated lobar ICH (overlapping, 48.9 mL [22.6-78.5 mL] versus 15.3 mL [5.0-44.6 mL]; P<0.001) and poorer clinical status on admission (Glasgow Coma Scale and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale). Correlations with anatomic aspects provided evidence of a rostrocaudal gradient with increasing gray / white-matter ratio and decreasing hematoma -volume and rate of hematoma enlargement from frontal to occipital ICH location. Multivariate analysis revealed affection of occipital lobe (odds ratio, 3.75 [1.38-10.22]) and affection of frontal lobe (odds ratio, 0.52 [0.28-0.94]) to be independent predictors for favorable outcome and unfavorable outcome, respectively. Among patients with lobar ICH radiological and outcome characteristics differed according to location. Especially affection of the frontal lobe was frequent and associated with unfavorable outcome after 3 months.
28179560	9	14	Lobar	T023	C1281952
28179560	15	24	Affection	T047	C0012634
28179560	35	47	Rostrocaudal	T082	C2711917
28179560	48	56	Gradient	T081	C0812409
28179560	60	70	Functional	T169	C0205245
28179560	71	78	Outcome	T169	C1274040
28179560	94	118	Intracerebral Hemorrhage	T033	C2937358
28179560	158	168	functional	T169	C0205245
28179560	169	176	outcome	T169	C1274040
28179560	180	210	lobar intracerebral hemorrhage	T046	C3468794
28179560	212	215	ICH	T033	C2937358
28179560	231	244	deep location	T046	C1390188
28179560	261	270	lobar ICH	T046	C3468794
28179560	289	299	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28179560	300	304	site	T082	C0205145
28179560	329	334	lobes	T023	C1281952
28179560	341	351	functional	T169	C0205245
28179560	352	359	outcome	T169	C1274040
28179560	386	408	Conservatively treated	T061	C0459914
28179560	409	417	patients	T101	C0030705
28179560	423	437	supratentorial	T082	C0441938
28179560	438	441	ICH	T033	C2937358
28179560	459	467	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28179560	507	531	retrospectively analyzed	T062	C0035363
28179560	533	538	Lobar	T023	C1281952
28179560	539	547	patients	T101	C0030705
28179560	591	594	ICH	T033	C2937358
28179560	617	622	lobes	T023	C1281952
28179560	624	635	Demographic	T078	C0011292
28179560	637	645	clinical	T201	C0683325
28179560	651	663	radiological	UnknownType	C0748230
28179560	713	722	lobar ICH	T046	C3468794
28179560	723	731	patients	T101	C0030705
28179560	744	761	subclassification	T185	C0008902
28179560	763	773	Functional	T169	C0205245
28179560	774	781	outcome	T169	C1274040
28179560	801	810	favorable	T080	C3640814
28179560	844	855	unfavorable	T080	C3640815
28179560	857	878	modified Rankin Scale	T170	C2984908
28179560	921	933	Multivariate	T081	C0026777
28179560	934	953	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28179560	995	1012	favorable outcome	T033	C1333602
28179560	1029	1037	patients	T101	C0030705
28179560	1047	1056	lobar ICH	T046	C3468794
28179560	1070	1079	lobar ICH	T046	C3468794
28179560	1088	1096	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28179560	1099	1105	volume	T081	C0449468
28179560	1121	1128	rostral	T082	C3163631
28179560	1130	1137	frontal	T023	C0016733
28179560	1165	1171	caudal	T029	C0205097
28179560	1173	1182	occipital	T023	C0028785
28179560	1242	1250	patients	T101	C0030705
28179560	1256	1273	favorable outcome	T033	C1333602
28179560	1285	1292	frontal	T023	C0016733
28179560	1315	1324	occipital	T023	C0028785
28179560	1351	1359	Patients	T101	C0030705
28179560	1377	1386	lobar ICH	T046	C3468794
28179560	1398	1401	ICH	T033	C2937358
28179560	1424	1433	lobar ICH	T046	C3468794
28179560	1521	1536	clinical status	T080	C0449440
28179560	1540	1549	admission	T058	C0184666
28179560	1551	1569	Glasgow Coma Scale	T170	C0017594
28179560	1574	1616	National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale	T170	C3472496
28179560	1637	1645	anatomic	T080	C0220784
28179560	1677	1689	rostrocaudal	T082	C2711917
28179560	1690	1698	gradient	T081	C0812409
28179560	1715	1719	gray	T024	C0018220
28179560	1722	1734	white-matter	T024	C0682708
28179560	1735	1740	ratio	T081	C0456603
28179560	1756	1764	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28179560	1785	1793	hematoma	T046	C0018944
28179560	1794	1805	enlargement	T190	C2711450
28179560	1811	1818	frontal	T023	C0016733
28179560	1822	1831	occipital	T023	C0028785
28179560	1832	1835	ICH	T033	C2937358
28179560	1836	1844	location	T029	C1515974
28179560	1846	1867	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28179560	1877	1886	affection	T047	C0012634
28179560	1890	1904	occipital lobe	T023	C0028785
28179560	1906	1916	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28179560	1941	1950	affection	T047	C0012634
28179560	1954	1966	frontal lobe	T023	C0016733
28179560	2031	2048	favorable outcome	T033	C1333602
28179560	2053	2072	unfavorable outcome	T033	C1519790
28179560	2094	2102	patients	T101	C0030705
28179560	2108	2117	lobar ICH	T046	C3468794
28179560	2118	2130	radiological	UnknownType	C0748230
28179560	2135	2142	outcome	T169	C1274040
28179560	2181	2189	location	T029	C1515974
28179560	2202	2211	affection	T047	C0012634
28179560	2219	2231	frontal lobe	T023	C0016733
28179560	2249	2264	associated with	T080	C0332281
28179560	2265	2284	unfavorable outcome	T033	C1519790

28179690|t|Association of vitamin D deficiency with poor glycaemic control in diabetic patients
28179690|a|An association between serum levels of vitamin D and glycaemic control in type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients has been reported in some of the studies carried out in the West. However, there are no reports on this relationship in Pakistani diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether vitamin D levels have any influence on glycaemic control in Pakistani patients with type-2 DM. In a cross-sectional survey, relationship between serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) was examined in 141 type-2 diabetic patients including 102 males and 39 females; age range 22 to 70 years, visiting the Aga Khan University Hospital during July 2013- April 2014. Venous blood was collected and analyzed for serum / plasma levels of 25(OH)D and related biomarkers using kit methods. HbA1C levels <7.0% and >7.0% were taken as indicators of good and poor glycaemic control, respectively. An association between 25(OH)D and HbA1C was investigated using regression analysis. Percent vitamin D deficiency (serum level of 25(OH)D < 20 ng/ml) was significantly higher in patients with poor glycaemic control compared to patients with good glycaemic control (58.7% vs. 30.6%; p-value=0.006). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed positive association between vitamin D deficiency and poor glycaemic control while adjusting for BMI, serum levels of albumin, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase (OR, 4.86 (95% CI, 1.9-11.9; p-value<0.001). The association between vitamin D deficiency and abnormal HbA1C in Pakistani diabetic patients is suggestive that patients with hypovitaminosis D could benefit from vitamin D supplementation.
28179690	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28179690	15	35	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28179690	41	63	poor glycaemic control	T046	C0342299
28179690	67	75	diabetic	T047	C0011860
28179690	76	84	patients	T101	C0030705
28179690	88	99	association	T080	C0439849
28179690	108	133	serum levels of vitamin D	T059	C0428586
28179690	138	155	glycaemic control	T169	C1521733
28179690	159	183	type-2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28179690	185	187	DM	T047	C0011860
28179690	189	197	patients	T101	C0030705
28179690	231	238	studies	T062	C0008972
28179690	258	262	West	T082	C1705493
28179690	302	314	relationship	T080	C0439849
28179690	318	327	Pakistani	T098	C0425375
28179690	328	336	diabetic	T047	C0011860
28179690	337	345	patients	T101	C0030705
28179690	363	368	study	T062	C0008972
28179690	394	410	vitamin D levels	T059	C0919758
28179690	420	429	influence	T077	C4054723
28179690	433	450	glycaemic control	T169	C1521733
28179690	454	463	Pakistani	T098	C0425375
28179690	464	472	patients	T101	C0030705
28179690	478	487	type-2 DM	T047	C0011860
28179690	494	516	cross-sectional survey	T062	C0010362
28179690	518	530	relationship	T080	C0439849
28179690	539	544	serum	T031	C0229671
28179690	545	575	levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D	T059	C0373558
28179690	577	584	25(OH)D	T121,T127	C0006657
28179690	590	610	glycated haemoglobin	T059	C0202054
28179690	612	617	HbA1C	T116,T123	C0017853
28179690	639	654	type-2 diabetic	T047	C0011860
28179690	655	663	patients	T101	C0030705
28179690	678	683	males	T098	C0025266
28179690	691	698	females	T098	C0043210
28179690	700	703	age	T032	C0001779
28179690	719	724	years	T079	C1510829
28179690	726	734	visiting	T058	C0545092
28179690	739	767	Aga Khan University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28179690	775	779	July	T080	C3829447
28179690	786	791	April	T079	C3715024
28179690	798	810	Venous blood	T031	C0229667
28179690	815	824	collected	T078	C1516695
28179690	829	837	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28179690	842	847	serum	T031	C0229671
28179690	850	856	plasma	T031	C0032105
28179690	857	874	levels of 25(OH)D	T059	C0373558
28179690	887	897	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28179690	904	915	kit methods	T059	C0201689
28179690	917	929	HbA1C levels	T059	C0202054
28179690	960	970	indicators	T130	C0021212
28179690	983	1005	poor glycaemic control	T046	C0342299
28179690	1024	1035	association	T080	C0439849
28179690	1044	1051	25(OH)D	T121,T127	C0006657
28179690	1056	1061	HbA1C	T116,T123	C0017853
28179690	1066	1078	investigated	T169	C1292732
28179690	1085	1104	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28179690	1106	1113	Percent	T081	C0439165
28179690	1114	1134	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28179690	1136	1141	serum	T031	C0229671
28179690	1142	1158	level of 25(OH)D	T059	C0373558
28179690	1189	1195	higher	T080	C0205250
28179690	1199	1207	patients	T101	C0030705
28179690	1213	1235	poor glycaemic control	T046	C0342299
28179690	1248	1256	patients	T101	C0030705
28179690	1262	1284	good glycaemic control	T169	C1521733
28179690	1319	1354	Binary logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28179690	1364	1372	positive	T033	C1446409
28179690	1373	1384	association	T080	C0439849
28179690	1393	1413	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28179690	1418	1440	poor glycaemic control	T080	C0439849
28179690	1461	1464	BMI	T201	C1305855
28179690	1466	1489	serum levels of albumin	T034	C0728877
28179690	1491	1515	alanine aminotransferase	T059	C0201836
28179690	1520	1540	alkaline phosphatase	T059	C0201850
28179690	1542	1544	OR	T081	C0028873
28179690	1556	1558	CI	T081	C0009667
28179690	1590	1601	association	T080	C0439849
28179690	1610	1630	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28179690	1635	1643	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28179690	1644	1649	HbA1C	T116,T123	C0017853
28179690	1653	1662	Pakistani	T098	C0425375
28179690	1663	1671	diabetic	T047	C0011860
28179690	1672	1680	patients	T101	C0030705
28179690	1700	1708	patients	T101	C0030705
28179690	1714	1731	hypovitaminosis D	T047	C0035579
28179690	1751	1760	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28179690	1761	1776	supplementation	T121	C0302837

28179911|t|Characterization and Ectopic Expression of CoWRI1, an AP2/EREBP Domain-Containing Transcription Factor from Coconut (Cocos nucifera L .) Endosperm, Changes the Seeds Oil Content in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Rice (Oryza sativa L .)
28179911|a|Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a key tropical crop and a member of the monocotyledonous family Arecaceae (Palmaceae). Few genes and related metabolic processes involved in coconut endosperm development have been investigated. In this study, a new member of the WRI1 gene family was isolated from coconut endosperm and was named CoWRI1. Its transcriptional activities and interactions with the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (BCCP2) promoter of CoWRI1 were confirmed by the yeast two-hybrid and yeast one-hybrid approaches, respectively. Functional characterization was carried out through seed -specific expression in Arabidopsis and endosperm -specific expression in rice. In transgenic Arabidopsis, high over-expressions of CoWRI1 in seven independent T2 lines were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The relative mRNA accumulation of genes encoding enzymes involved in either fatty acid biosynthesis or triacylglycerols assembly (BCCP2, KASI, MAT, ENR, FATA, and GPDH) were also assayed in mature seeds. Furthermore, lipid and fatty acids C16:0 and C18:0 significantly increased. In two homozygous T2 transgenic rice lines (G5 and G2), different CoWRI1 expression levels were detected, but no CoWRI1 transcripts were detected in the wild type. Analyses of the seed oil content, starch content, and total protein content indicated that the two T2 transgenic lines showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in seed oil content. The transgenic lines also showed a significant increase in starch content, whereas total protein content decreased significantly. Further analysis of the fatty acid composition revealed that palmitic acid (C16:0) and linolenic acid (C18:3) increased significantly in the seeds of the transgenic rice lines, but oleic acid (C18:1) levels significantly declined.
28179911	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
28179911	21	39	Ectopic Expression	T045	C1512167
28179911	43	49	CoWRI1	T028	C1517488
28179911	54	63	AP2/EREBP	T028	C1517488
28179911	82	102	Transcription Factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28179911	108	115	Coconut	T002	C0009210
28179911	117	133	Cocos nucifera L	T002	C0009210
28179911	137	146	Endosperm	T002	C2717855
28179911	160	165	Seeds	T002	C0036563
28179911	166	169	Oil	T109,T123	C0032085
28179911	181	191	Transgenic	T002	C0085245
28179911	192	212	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
28179911	217	221	Rice	T002	C1140671
28179911	223	237	Oryza sativa L	T002	C1140671
28179911	241	248	Coconut	T002	C0009210
28179911	250	267	Cocos nucifera L.	T002	C0009210
28179911	278	286	tropical	T070	C0041183
28179911	287	291	crop	T002	C0242775
28179911	312	335	monocotyledonous family	T077	C1704727
28179911	336	345	Arecaceae	T002	C0682477
28179911	347	356	Palmaceae	T002	C0682477
28179911	363	368	genes	T028	C0017337
28179911	381	400	metabolic processes	T040	C0025519
28179911	413	420	coconut	T002	C0009210
28179911	421	430	endosperm	T002	C2717855
28179911	453	465	investigated	T169	C1292732
28179911	475	480	study	T062	C2603343
28179911	502	506	WRI1	T028	C1517488
28179911	507	518	gene family	T028	C1517488
28179911	537	544	coconut	T002	C0009210
28179911	545	554	endosperm	T002	C2717855
28179911	569	575	CoWRI1	T028	C1517488
28179911	581	596	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28179911	597	607	activities	T052	C0441655
28179911	612	624	interactions	T169	C1704675
28179911	634	656	acetyl-CoA carboxylase	T116,T126	C0001022
28179911	658	663	BCCP2	T116,T123	C0213275
28179911	665	673	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28179911	677	683	CoWRI1	T028	C1517488
28179911	706	722	yeast two-hybrid	T063	C0599647
28179911	727	743	yeast one-hybrid	T063	C0599647
28179911	781	797	characterization	T052	C1880022
28179911	822	826	seed	T002	C0036563
28179911	837	847	expression	T045	C0017262
28179911	851	862	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
28179911	867	876	endosperm	T002	C2717855
28179911	887	897	expression	T045	C0017262
28179911	901	905	rice	T002	C1140671
28179911	910	920	transgenic	T002	C0085245
28179911	921	932	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
28179911	939	955	over-expressions	T045	C0017262
28179911	959	965	CoWRI1	T028	C1517488
28179911	987	989	T2	T002	C0085245
28179911	990	995	lines	T002	C1140671
28179911	1013	1039	quantitative real-time PCR	T063	C3179034
28179911	1054	1058	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28179911	1075	1080	genes	T028	C0017337
28179911	1081	1089	encoding	T052	C2700640
28179911	1090	1097	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28179911	1117	1140	fatty acid biosynthesis	T044	C0596562
28179911	1144	1160	triacylglycerols	T109,T123	C0041004
28179911	1171	1176	BCCP2	T028	C0017337
28179911	1178	1182	KASI	T028	C0017337
28179911	1184	1187	MAT	T028	C0017337
28179911	1189	1192	ENR	T028	C0017337
28179911	1194	1198	FATA	T028	C0017337
28179911	1204	1208	GPDH	T028	C0017337
28179911	1220	1227	assayed	T059	C0005507
28179911	1238	1243	seeds	T002	C0036563
28179911	1258	1263	lipid	T109	C0023779
28179911	1268	1279	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
28179911	1280	1285	C16:0	T109,T123	C0030234
28179911	1290	1295	C18:0	T109	C0038228
28179911	1328	1338	homozygous	T032	C0019904
28179911	1339	1341	T2	T002	C0085245
28179911	1342	1352	transgenic	T002	C0085245
28179911	1353	1363	rice lines	T002	C1140671
28179911	1365	1367	G5	T002	C1140671
28179911	1372	1374	G2	T002	C1140671
28179911	1387	1393	CoWRI1	T028	C1517488
28179911	1394	1404	expression	T045	C0017262
28179911	1434	1440	CoWRI1	T028	C1517488
28179911	1441	1452	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28179911	1474	1483	wild type	T028	C1883559
28179911	1485	1493	Analyses	T062	C0936012
28179911	1501	1505	seed	T002	C0036563
28179911	1506	1509	oil	T109,T123	C0032085
28179911	1519	1525	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
28179911	1545	1552	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28179911	1584	1586	T2	T002	C0085245
28179911	1587	1603	transgenic lines	T002	C0085245
28179911	1648	1652	seed	T002	C0036563
28179911	1653	1656	oil	T109,T123	C0032085
28179911	1670	1686	transgenic lines	T002	C0085245
28179911	1725	1731	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
28179911	1755	1762	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28179911	1804	1812	analysis	T062	C0936012
28179911	1820	1830	fatty acid	T109	C0015684
28179911	1857	1870	palmitic acid	T109,T123	C0030234
28179911	1872	1877	C16:0	T109,T123	C0030234
28179911	1883	1897	linolenic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0125903
28179911	1899	1904	C18:3	T109,T121,T123	C0125903
28179911	1937	1942	seeds	T002	C0036563
28179911	1950	1960	transgenic	T002	C0085245
28179911	1961	1971	rice lines	T002	C1140671
28179911	1977	1987	oleic acid	T109,T121	C0028928
28179911	1989	1994	C18:1	T109,T121	C0028928

28179929|t|Tooth Discoloration Resulting from a Nano Zinc Oxide-Eugenol Sealer
28179929|a|A desirable quality of any endodontic sealer is its ability to be tooth color friendly. Therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate the tooth discoloration potential of a nano zinc oxide-eugenol (NZOE) sealer. In order to evaluate tooth discoloration, the pulp chamber of 60 human maxillary central and lateral incisors were filled with one of the sealers, naming AH-26 (resin-based sealer), Pulpdent sealer (ZOE -based) and a NZOE experimental sealer. Color measurements was assessed at the baseline (before placement of sealers) (T0), 24 h (T1) and 72 h (T2) h, 1- week (T3), and 1- month (T4) after the placement of sealers using the Easy Shade spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed in SPSS software using one-way ANOVA, and repeated measured ANOVA. No significant differences were observed when the paired comparison test was performed (P>0.05). The tested NZOE sealer had similar tooth discoloration potential in comparison with AH-26 and ZOE sealer.
28179929	0	19	Tooth Discoloration	T033	C0040434
28179929	20	29	Resulting	T169	C0678226
28179929	37	41	Nano	T081	C1553036
28179929	42	60	Zinc Oxide-Eugenol	T122	C0043492
28179929	61	67	Sealer	T122	C0676273
28179929	80	87	quality	T080	C0332306
28179929	95	112	endodontic sealer	T122	C0676273
28179929	134	145	tooth color	T033	C0475833
28179929	146	154	friendly	T080	C2700214
28179929	189	194	study	T062	C2603343
28179929	215	234	tooth discoloration	T033	C0040434
28179929	235	244	potential	T080	C3245505
28179929	250	254	nano	T081	C1553036
28179929	255	273	zinc oxide-eugenol	T122	C0043492
28179929	275	279	NZOE	T122	C0043492
28179929	281	287	sealer	T122	C0676273
28179929	310	329	tooth discoloration	T033	C0040434
28179929	335	347	pulp chamber	T030	C0034099
28179929	354	359	human	T016	C0086418
28179929	360	377	maxillary central	T023	C0021156
28179929	382	398	lateral incisors	T023	C0021156
28179929	404	410	filled	T052	C1708059
28179929	427	434	sealers	T122	C0676273
28179929	443	448	AH-26	T104,T122	C0051001
28179929	450	468	resin-based sealer	T104,T122	C0051001
28179929	471	479	Pulpdent	T122,T197	C0072601
28179929	480	486	sealer	T122	C0676273
28179929	488	491	ZOE	T122	C0043492
28179929	506	510	NZOE	T122	C0043492
28179929	524	530	sealer	T122	C0676273
28179929	532	537	Color	T080	C0009393
28179929	538	550	measurements	T169	C0242485
28179929	571	579	baseline	T081	C1442488
28179929	581	597	before placement	T080	C1524072
28179929	601	608	sealers	T122	C0676273
28179929	619	620	h	T079	C0439227
28179929	633	634	h	T079	C0439227
28179929	640	641	h	T079	C0439227
28179929	646	650	week	T079	C0439230
28179929	664	669	month	T079	C0439231
28179929	698	705	sealers	T122	C0676273
28179929	716	744	Easy Shade spectrophotometer	T074	C0183400
28179929	746	750	Data	T078	C1511726
28179929	756	764	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28179929	768	781	SPSS software	T073,T170	C0037585
28179929	788	801	one-way ANOVA	T081	C1709320
28179929	825	830	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
28179929	864	872	observed	T169	C1441672
28179929	882	904	paired comparison test	T170	C0282574
28179929	940	944	NZOE	T122	C0043492
28179929	945	951	sealer	T122	C0676273
28179929	964	983	tooth discoloration	T033	C0040434
28179929	984	993	potential	T080	C3245505
28179929	997	1007	comparison	T052	C1707455
28179929	1013	1018	AH-26	T104,T122	C0051001
28179929	1023	1026	ZOE	T122	C0043492
28179929	1027	1033	sealer	T122	C0676273

28179938|t|Endodontic Management of an Infected Primary Molar in a Child with Agenesis of the Permanent Premolar
28179938|a|Missing of mandibular second premolar is one of the most common types of tooth agenesis. In such cases, maintenance of the primary second molar, if possible at all, can prevent many treatment procedures in future. The present case report represents the endodontic management of a necrotic left mandibular primary second molar that had developed an abscess. Considering the missing of the permanent successor, the tooth was disinfected during endodontic preparation and the root canal system was filled with calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement in the same session. After 12 months of regular follow-up, not only the tooth was functional and symptom-free, but also healing of the inter-radicular bone lesion and re-establishment of the lamina dura was indicative of treatment success. Further trials are suggested to confirm CEM biomaterial use for management of infected primary molars associated with endodontic lesion.
28179938	0	10	Endodontic	T169	C0332274
28179938	11	21	Management	T090	C3273539
28179938	28	36	Infected	T046	C3714514
28179938	37	50	Primary Molar	T023	C0026367
28179938	56	61	Child	T100	C0008059
28179938	67	75	Agenesis	T019	C0000846
28179938	83	101	Permanent Premolar	T023	C1704302
28179938	102	109	Missing	T080	C1705492
28179938	113	123	mandibular	T030	C0229984
28179938	124	139	second premolar	T023	C0927245
28179938	154	158	most	T081	C0205393
28179938	159	165	common	T081	C0205214
28179938	166	171	types	T080	C0332307
28179938	175	189	tooth agenesis	T033	C4083050
28179938	199	204	cases	T169	C0868928
28179938	206	217	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28179938	225	245	primary second molar	T023	C0932486
28179938	271	278	prevent	T169	C1292733
28179938	284	304	treatment procedures	T061	C0237403
28179938	308	314	future	T079	C0016884
28179938	328	339	case report	T170	C0085973
28179938	340	350	represents	T052	C1882932
28179938	355	365	endodontic	T169	C0332274
28179938	366	376	management	T090	C3273539
28179938	382	390	necrotic	T042	C0027540
28179938	391	406	left mandibular	T030	C0229984
28179938	407	427	primary second molar	T023	C0932486
28179938	450	457	abscess	T047	C0000833
28179938	475	482	missing	T080	C1705492
28179938	490	509	permanent successor	T023	C0229962
28179938	515	520	tooth	T023	C0040426
28179938	544	566	endodontic preparation	T061	C0700632
28179938	575	585	root canal	T030	C0086881
28179938	597	603	filled	T061	C0178866
28179938	609	646	calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement	T122	C4309273
28179938	654	658	same	T080	C0445247
28179938	659	666	session	T052	C1709694
28179938	668	673	After	T079	C0687676
28179938	677	683	months	T079	C0439231
28179938	687	694	regular	T080	C0205272
28179938	695	704	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28179938	719	724	tooth	T023	C0040426
28179938	729	739	functional	T169	C0205245
28179938	744	756	symptom-free	T033	C0436342
28179938	767	774	healing	T169	C0205249
28179938	782	809	inter-radicular bone lesion	T047	C0238792
28179938	814	830	re-establishment	T169	C0205245
28179938	838	849	lamina dura	T023	C3472478
28179938	854	864	indicative	T033	C0243095
28179938	868	885	treatment success	T080	C0679864
28179938	895	901	trials	T062	C1511886
28179938	906	915	suggested	T078	C1705535
28179938	919	926	confirm	T080	C1456348
28179938	927	930	CEM	T122	C4309273
28179938	931	942	biomaterial	T122	C0005479
28179938	943	946	use	T169	C1524063
28179938	951	961	management	T090	C3273539
28179938	965	973	infected	T046	C3714514
28179938	974	988	primary molars	T023	C0932486
28179938	989	1004	associated with	T080	C0332281
28179938	1005	1022	endodontic lesion	T046	C0399445

28180050|t|Utility of an Ultrasonic Aspirator in Transcanal Endoscopic Resection of Temporal Bone Paraganglioma
28180050|a|The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of removing middle ear paragangliomas using an ultrasonic aspirator (UA) through a transcanal, exclusively endoscopic approach. Three consecutive patients undergoing transcanal endoscopic resection of middle ear paragangliomas using an UA were retrospectively studied. The primary outcome measure was achieving gross total tumor resection. Secondary outcomes included postoperative hearing and early convalescence. Two glomus tympanicum tumors and one small glomus jugulare were included, and complete tumor resection was achieved endoscopically in all cases. All patients demonstrated intact tympanic membranes and normal facial nerve function at the initial postoperative visit. There were no cases of bone-conduction pure tone threshold increases of more than 15 dB. The UA was helpful when performing exclusively endoscopic transcanal resection of middle ear paraganglioma given its simultaneous suction-aspiration capability.
28180050	14	34	Ultrasonic Aspirator	T074	C0179167
28180050	38	69	Transcanal Endoscopic Resection	T061	C0728940
28180050	73	86	Temporal Bone	T023	C0039484
28180050	87	100	Paraganglioma	T191	C0030421
28180050	105	114	objective	T170	C0018017
28180050	123	128	study	T062	C0008972
28180050	136	144	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28180050	157	165	removing	T061	C0728940
28180050	166	191	middle ear paragangliomas	T191	C1334761
28180050	201	221	ultrasonic aspirator	T074	C0179167
28180050	223	225	UA	T074	C0179167
28180050	237	247	transcanal	T082	C1254362
28180050	261	280	endoscopic approach	T082	C0442418
28180050	288	299	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28180050	300	308	patients	T101	C0030705
28180050	320	351	transcanal endoscopic resection	T061	C0728940
28180050	355	380	middle ear paragangliomas	T191	C1334761
28180050	390	392	UA	T074	C0179167
28180050	398	421	retrospectively studied	T062	C0035363
28180050	427	450	primary outcome measure	T080	C3274433
28180050	465	492	gross total tumor resection	T061	C0728940
28180050	494	512	Secondary outcomes	T080	C3274440
28180050	522	535	postoperative	T033	C0231287
28180050	536	543	hearing	T039	C0018767
28180050	548	553	early	T079	C1279919
28180050	554	567	convalescence	T033	C0009940
28180050	573	597	glomus tympanicum tumors	T191	C0474820
28180050	606	611	small	T081	C0700321
28180050	612	627	glomus jugulare	T191	C0017671
28180050	633	641	included	T169	C0332257
28180050	647	655	complete	T080	C0205197
28180050	656	661	tumor	T191	C0027651
28180050	662	671	resection	T061	C0728940
28180050	685	699	endoscopically	T060	C0014245
28180050	707	712	cases	T077	C1706256
28180050	718	726	patients	T101	C0030705
28180050	740	746	intact	T080	C0205266
28180050	747	765	tympanic membranes	T023	C0041445
28180050	770	776	normal	T080	C0205307
28180050	777	789	facial nerve	T023	C0015462
28180050	790	798	function	T042	C1254358
28180050	806	813	initial	T079	C0205265
28180050	814	833	postoperative visit	T033	C0580703
28180050	849	854	cases	T077	C1706256
28180050	858	893	bone-conduction pure tone threshold	T081	C0004312
28180050	894	903	increases	T081	C0205217
28180050	928	930	UA	T074	C0179167
28180050	948	958	performing	T061	C0450010
28180050	971	1002	endoscopic transcanal resection	T061	C0728940
28180050	1006	1030	middle ear paraganglioma	T191	C1334761
28180050	1041	1053	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28180050	1054	1083	suction-aspiration capability	T080	C2698977

28180235|t|Incidence rates and case fatality rates of portal vein thrombosis and Budd-Chiari Syndrome
28180235|a|Little information is available on the incidence of splanchnic vein thrombosis and on mortality rates during the acute phase of the disease. We performed a large epidemiologic study on hospital admissions for portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and the Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) between 2002 and 2012 in Northwestern Italy. Primary and secondary discharge diagnoses of PVT and BCS were identified using the 9th edition International Classification of Diseases codes 453.0, 572.1 and 452. Hospitalisations for recurrent events were not included. Information was collected on age and gender, vital status at discharge, duration of hospitalisation, and up to five secondary discharge diagnoses. Comorbidity was evaluated using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). A total of 3535 patients with PVT and 287 with BCS were hospitalized. The overall gender-specific incidence rates for PVT were 3.78 per 100,000 inhabitants in males and 1.73 per 100,000 inhabitants in females; for BCS 2.0 and 2.2 per million inhabitants, respectively. In-hospital case fatality was 7.3 % in patients with PVT and 4.9 % in patients with BCS. Age, non-abdominal solid cancer, and CCI were independently associated with in-hospital mortality in both PVT and BCS after stepwise regression analysis, male gender and haematologic cancer were associated with mortality in BCS patients only. In this large study we confirmed the low incidence of BCS and we found an incidence of PVT higher than previously reported. This incidence was stable during the period of observation. In-hospital mortality is not negligible, in particular in PVT patients.
28180235	0	15	Incidence rates	T081	C1708485
28180235	20	39	case fatality rates	T081	C0282250
28180235	43	65	portal vein thrombosis	T047	C0155773
28180235	70	90	Budd-Chiari Syndrome	T047	C0856761
28180235	98	109	information	T078	C1533716
28180235	130	139	incidence	T081	C0021149
28180235	143	169	splanchnic vein thrombosis	T047	C4022560
28180235	177	192	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
28180235	204	215	acute phase	T079	C0439557
28180235	223	230	disease	T047	C0012634
28180235	253	272	epidemiologic study	T062	C0002783
28180235	276	295	hospital admissions	T058	C0184666
28180235	300	322	portal vein thrombosis	T047	C0155773
28180235	324	327	PVT	T047	C0856761
28180235	337	357	Budd-Chiari syndrome	T047	C0856761
28180235	359	362	BCS	T047	C0856761
28180235	389	407	Northwestern Italy	T083	C0022277
28180235	431	450	discharge diagnoses	T033	C1555319
28180235	454	457	PVT	T047	C0856761
28180235	462	465	BCS	T047	C0856761
28180235	504	544	International Classification of Diseases	T170	C0870733
28180235	545	550	codes	T170	C0805701
28180235	573	589	Hospitalisations	T058	C0019993
28180235	630	641	Information	T078	C1533716
28180235	646	655	collected	T169	C1516698
28180235	659	662	age	T032	C0001779
28180235	667	673	gender	T032	C0079399
28180235	675	700	vital status at discharge	T033	C3854160
28180235	702	710	duration	T079	C0449238
28180235	714	729	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
28180235	756	775	discharge diagnoses	T033	C1555319
28180235	777	788	Comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28180235	813	839	Charlson comorbidity index	T081	C1516737
28180235	841	844	CCI	T081	C1516737
28180235	863	871	patients	T101	C0030705
28180235	877	880	PVT	T047	C0856761
28180235	894	897	BCS	T047	C0856761
28180235	903	915	hospitalized	T033	C0701159
28180235	929	944	gender-specific	T032	C0079399
28180235	945	960	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
28180235	965	968	PVT	T047	C0856761
28180235	991	1002	inhabitants	T098	C1257890
28180235	1006	1011	males	T032	C0086582
28180235	1033	1044	inhabitants	T098	C1257890
28180235	1048	1055	females	T032	C0086287
28180235	1061	1064	BCS	T047	C0856761
28180235	1089	1100	inhabitants	T098	C1257890
28180235	1116	1141	In-hospital case fatality	T081	C0282250
28180235	1155	1163	patients	T101	C0030705
28180235	1169	1172	PVT	T047	C0856761
28180235	1186	1194	patients	T101	C0030705
28180235	1200	1203	BCS	T047	C0856761
28180235	1205	1208	Age	T032	C0001779
28180235	1210	1236	non-abdominal solid cancer	T191	C0027651
28180235	1242	1245	CCI	T081	C1516737
28180235	1281	1302	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28180235	1311	1314	PVT	T047	C0856761
28180235	1319	1322	BCS	T047	C0856761
28180235	1338	1357	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28180235	1359	1370	male gender	T032	C0086582
28180235	1375	1394	haematologic cancer	T191	C0376545
28180235	1416	1425	mortality	T033	C1306577
28180235	1429	1432	BCS	T047	C0856761
28180235	1433	1441	patients	T101	C0030705
28180235	1462	1467	study	T062	C2603343
28180235	1489	1498	incidence	T081	C0021149
28180235	1502	1505	BCS	T047	C0856761
28180235	1522	1531	incidence	T081	C0021149
28180235	1535	1538	PVT	T047	C0856761
28180235	1577	1586	incidence	T081	C0021149
28180235	1632	1653	In-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28180235	1690	1693	PVT	T047	C0856761
28180235	1694	1702	patients	T101	C0030705

28181464|t|Physicochemical characterization of chitosan - hyaluronan -coated solid lipid nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of paclitaxel: a proof-of-concept study in breast cancer cells
28181464|a|To investigate the potential of modified solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for the delivery of paclitaxel (PAX). SLN loaded with PAX were prepared via modified high-pressure hot homogenization. Formulation parameters were optimized to obtain a high-quality delivery system. SLN cores were coated, layer-by-layer, with a chitosan and hyaluronan (HA) shell. Selectivity toward HA receptors was tested in a breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Stable and reproducible nano-sized and negatively charged nanoparticles resulted. Findings reveal that chitosan - HA -coated SLN facilitated the targeting, cellular uptake and the time-/dose-controlled delivery and release of PAX, enhancing intrinsic chemotherapeutic activities. SLN are suitable carrier candidates for nano-oncology given their localized, and potent cytotoxic potential overcoming multidrug-resistant cancer cells.
28181464	36	44	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28181464	47	57	hyaluronan	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
28181464	72	91	lipid nanoparticles	T203	C1709148
28181464	109	117	delivery	T061	C0565867
28181464	121	131	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
28181464	135	157	proof-of-concept study	T062	C2603343
28181464	161	180	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
28181464	222	247	solid lipid nanoparticles	T203	C1709148
28181464	249	252	SLN	T203	C1709148
28181464	274	284	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
28181464	286	289	PAX	T109,T121	C0144576
28181464	292	311	SLN loaded with PAX	T109,T121	C3898158
28181464	339	371	high-pressure hot homogenization	T059	C3828864
28181464	373	395	Formulation parameters	T062	C0524527
28181464	423	451	high-quality delivery system	T074	C0085104
28181464	453	456	SLN	T203	C1709148
28181464	468	490	coated, layer-by-layer	T080	C1522408
28181464	499	507	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28181464	512	522	hyaluronan	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
28181464	524	526	HA	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
28181464	554	556	HA	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
28181464	557	566	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
28181464	583	606	breast cancer cell line	T025	C1512505
28181464	608	613	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28181464	615	638	Stable and reproducible	T080	C0205556
28181464	639	649	nano-sized	T080	C0205556
28181464	654	686	negatively charged nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28181464	718	726	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28181464	729	731	HA	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
28181464	740	743	SLN	T203	C1709148
28181464	760	769	targeting	T169	C1521840
28181464	771	786	cellular uptake	T043	C3888108
28181464	795	837	time-/dose-controlled delivery and release	T203	C1616334
28181464	841	844	PAX	T109,T121	C0144576
28181464	856	893	intrinsic chemotherapeutic activities	T061	C0870057
28181464	895	898	SLN	T203	C1709148
28181464	912	930	carrier candidates	T074	C1706209
28181464	935	948	nano-oncology	T091	C0278627
28181464	983	1002	cytotoxic potential	T121	C0304497
28181464	1003	1013	overcoming	T033	C0243095
28181464	1014	1046	multidrug-resistant cancer cells	T038	C0282588

28181519|t|On the post-glacial spread of human commensal Arabidopsis thaliana
28181519|a|Recent work has shown that Arabidopsis thaliana contains genetic groups originating from different ice age refugia, with one particular group comprising over 95% of the current worldwide population. In Europe, relicts of other groups can be found in local populations along the Mediterranean Sea. Here we provide evidence that these ' relicts ' occupied post-glacial Eurasia first and were later replaced by the invading ' non-relicts ', which expanded through the east-west axis of Eurasia, leaving traces of admixture in the north and south of the species range. The non-relict expansion was likely associated with human activity and led to a demographic replacement similar to what occurred in humans. Introgressed genomic regions from relicts are associated with flowering time and enriched for genes associated with environmental conditions, such as root cap development or metal ion trans-membrane transport, which suggest that admixture with locally adapted relicts helped the non-relicts colonize new habitats.
28181519	7	19	post-glacial	T079	C1254367
28181519	20	26	spread	T080	C0332261
28181519	30	35	human	T016	C0086418
28181519	36	45	commensal	T070	C3536899
28181519	46	66	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
28181519	94	114	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
28181519	115	123	contains	T169	C0332256
28181519	124	131	genetic	T169	C0314603
28181519	132	138	groups	T078	C0441833
28181519	156	165	different	T080	C1705242
28181519	166	181	ice age refugia	T070	C4042836
28181519	203	208	group	T078	C0441833
28181519	209	219	comprising	T169	C0332256
28181519	236	243	current	T079	C0521116
28181519	244	264	worldwide population	T081	C0032659
28181519	269	275	Europe	T083	C0015176
28181519	277	284	relicts	T002	C0032098
28181519	294	300	groups	T078	C0441833
28181519	308	316	found in	T082	C0332285
28181519	317	322	local	T082	C0205276
28181519	323	334	populations	T081	C0032659
28181519	345	362	Mediterranean Sea	T083	C0025138
28181519	372	379	provide	T052	C1999230
28181519	380	388	evidence	T078	C3887511
28181519	402	409	relicts	T002	C0032098
28181519	412	420	occupied	T078	C1548223
28181519	421	433	post-glacial	T079	C1254367
28181519	434	441	Eurasia	UnknownType	C0681784
28181519	463	474	replaced by	T169	C1299987
28181519	479	487	invading	T169	C1549542
28181519	490	501	non-relicts	T002	C0032098
28181519	511	519	expanded	T082	C0205229
28181519	532	546	east-west axis	T082	C1522496
28181519	550	557	Eurasia	UnknownType	C0681784
28181519	567	573	traces	T081	C0442822
28181519	577	586	admixture	T080	C1510816
28181519	594	599	north	T082	C1709269
28181519	604	609	south	T082	C1710133
28181519	617	624	species	T185	C1705920
28181519	625	630	range	T081	C1514721
28181519	636	646	non-relict	T002	C0032098
28181519	647	656	expansion	T082	C0205229
28181519	668	683	associated with	T080	C0332281
28181519	684	698	human activity	T052	C0020115
28181519	712	735	demographic replacement	T169	C0559956
28181519	736	743	similar	T080	C2348205
28181519	752	760	occurred	T052	C1709305
28181519	764	770	humans	T016	C0086418
28181519	785	800	genomic regions	T028	C0017428
28181519	806	813	relicts	T002	C0032098
28181519	818	833	associated with	T080	C0332281
28181519	834	843	flowering	T040	C1820370
28181519	844	848	time	T079	C0040223
28181519	866	871	genes	T028	C0017337
28181519	872	887	associated with	T080	C0332281
28181519	888	901	environmental	T082	C0014406
28181519	902	912	conditions	T080	C0348080
28181519	922	942	root cap development	T042	C1820254
28181519	946	955	metal ion	T196	C0022023
28181519	956	980	trans-membrane transport	T043	C1519624
28181519	1001	1010	admixture	T080	C1510816
28181519	1024	1031	adapted	T070	C0001398
28181519	1032	1039	relicts	T002	C0032098
28181519	1040	1046	helped	T080	C1269765
28181519	1051	1062	non-relicts	T002	C0032098
28181519	1063	1071	colonize	T070	C1254365
28181519	1076	1084	habitats	T082	C0871648

28181538|t|Epigenetic Editing of Ascl1 Gene in Neural Stem Cells by Optogenetics
28181538|a|Enzymes involved in epigenetic processes such as methyltransferases or demethylases are becoming highly utilized for their persistent DNA or histone modifying efficacy. Herein, we have developed an optogenetic toolbox fused to the catalytic domain (CD) of DNA-methyltransferase3A (DNMT3A - CD) or Ten-Eleven Dioxygenase-1 (TET1 - CD) for loci - specific alteration of the methylation state at the promoter of Ascl1 (Mash1), a candidate proneuron gene. Optogenetical protein pairs, CRY2 linked to DNMT3A - CD or TET1 - CD and CIB1 fused to a Transcription Activator-Like Element (TALE) locating an Ascl1 promoter region, were designed for site specific epigenetic editing. A differentially methylated region at the Ascl1 promoter, isolated from murine dorsal root ganglion (hypermethylated) and striated cells (hypomethylated), was targeted with these optogenetic-epigenetic constructs. Optimized blue-light illumination triggered the co-localization of TALE constructs with DNMT3A - CD or TET1 - CD fusion proteins at the targeted site of the Ascl1 promoter. We found that this spatiotemporal association of the fusion proteins selectively alters the methylation state and also regulates gene activity. This proof of concept developed herein holds immense promise for the ability to regulate gene activity via epigenetic modulation with spatiotemporal precision.
28181538	0	18	Epigenetic Editing	T063	C4277689
28181538	22	32	Ascl1 Gene	T028	C1332009
28181538	36	53	Neural Stem Cells	T025	C1113654
28181538	57	69	Optogenetics	T063	C3494301
28181538	70	77	Enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28181538	90	110	epigenetic processes	T045	C1516924
28181538	119	137	methyltransferases	T116,T126	C0025831
28181538	141	153	demethylases	T116,T126	C0014442
28181538	167	173	highly	T080	C0205250
28181538	174	182	utilized	T169	C0457083
28181538	193	207	persistent DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28181538	211	228	histone modifying	T044	C1156199
28181538	229	237	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28181538	268	279	optogenetic	T063	C3494301
28181538	280	287	toolbox	T170	C0282574
28181538	301	317	catalytic domain	T087	C0600499
28181538	319	321	CD	T087	C0600499
28181538	326	349	DNA-methyltransferase3A	T116,T126	C2348048
28181538	351	357	DNMT3A	T116,T126	C2348048
28181538	360	362	CD	T087	C0600499
28181538	367	391	Ten-Eleven Dioxygenase-1	T116,T126	C2987138
28181538	393	397	TET1	T116,T126	C2987138
28181538	400	402	CD	T087	C0600499
28181538	408	412	loci	T082	C1708726
28181538	415	423	specific	T080	C0205369
28181538	424	434	alteration	T045	C0026882
28181538	442	453	methylation	T044	C0376452
28181538	454	459	state	T169	C1442792
28181538	467	475	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28181538	479	484	Ascl1	T028	C1332009
28181538	486	491	Mash1	T028	C1332009
28181538	496	520	candidate proneuron gene	T028	C0017337
28181538	522	549	Optogenetical protein pairs	T116,T123	C0033684
28181538	551	555	CRY2	T116	C3813555
28181538	566	572	DNMT3A	T116,T126	C2348048
28181538	575	577	CD	T087	C0600499
28181538	581	585	TET1	T116,T126	C2987138
28181538	588	590	CD	T087	C0600499
28181538	595	599	CIB1	T116,T123	C1447592
28181538	600	605	fused	T169	C0699952
28181538	611	647	Transcription Activator-Like Element	T116,T123	C0033684
28181538	649	653	TALE	T116,T123	C0033684
28181538	667	672	Ascl1	T028	C1332009
28181538	673	688	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
28181538	708	721	site specific	T082	C0449604
28181538	722	740	epigenetic editing	T063	C4277689
28181538	744	758	differentially	T080	C0443199
28181538	759	776	methylated region	T082	C1254362
28181538	784	789	Ascl1	T028	C1332009
28181538	790	798	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28181538	800	808	isolated	T169	C0205409
28181538	814	820	murine	T015	C0035804
28181538	821	841	dorsal root ganglion	T023	C0017070
28181538	843	858	hypermethylated	T044	C0376452
28181538	864	872	striated	T080	C0205364
28181538	873	878	cells	T025	C0007634
28181538	880	894	hypomethylated	T044	C0376452
28181538	901	909	targeted	T169	C1521840
28181538	921	954	optogenetic-epigenetic constructs	T116,T123	C0033684
28181538	966	976	blue-light	T070	C0303896
28181538	977	989	illumination	T059	C0684292
28181538	990	999	triggered	T080	C1444748
28181538	1004	1019	co-localization	T067	C1254366
28181538	1023	1038	TALE constructs	T116,T123	C0033684
28181538	1044	1050	DNMT3A	T116,T126	C2348048
28181538	1053	1055	CD	T087	C0600499
28181538	1059	1063	TET1	T116,T126	C2987138
28181538	1066	1068	CD	T087	C0600499
28181538	1069	1084	fusion proteins	T116,T123	C0162768
28181538	1092	1105	targeted site	T082	C1254362
28181538	1113	1118	Ascl1	T028	C1332009
28181538	1119	1127	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28181538	1148	1162	spatiotemporal	T080	C0205556
28181538	1182	1197	fusion proteins	T116,T123	C0162768
28181538	1210	1216	alters	T169	C0392747
28181538	1221	1232	methylation	T044	C0376452
28181538	1233	1238	state	T169	C1442792
28181538	1248	1257	regulates	T045	C0017263
28181538	1258	1271	gene activity	T045	C0017255
28181538	1287	1294	concept	T078	C0178566
28181538	1318	1325	immense	T081	C1704243
28181538	1326	1333	promise	T078	C1555307
28181538	1353	1361	regulate	T044	C1148560
28181538	1362	1375	gene activity	T045	C0017255
28181538	1380	1401	epigenetic modulation	T063	C4277689
28181538	1407	1421	spatiotemporal	T080	C0205556
28181538	1422	1431	precision	T080	C1706245

28181679|t|Mechanism of motor coordination of masseter and temporalis muscles for increased masticatory efficiency in mice
28181679|a|The demand for the use of mice as animal models for elucidating the pathophysiologies and pathogeneses of oral motor disorders has been increasing in recent years, as more and more kinds of genetically modified mice that express functional disorders of the stomatognathic system become available. However, the fundamental characteristics of mouse jaw movements during mastication have yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of the masseter and temporalis muscles, and the mechanisms of motor coordination of these muscles for increasing masticatory efficiency in the closing phase in mice. Twenty-two male Jcl: ICR mice were divided into control (n = 8), masseter-hypofunction (n = 7) and temporalis - hypofunction groups (n = 7). Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT⁄A) was used to induce muscle hypofunction. The masticatory movement path in the horizontal direction during the occlusal phase became unstable after BoNT⁄A injection into the masseter muscle. BoNT⁄A injection into the temporalis muscle decreased antero-posterior excursion of the late-closing phase corresponding to the power phase of the chewing cycle. These results suggest that the masseter plays an important role in stabilizing the grinding path, where the food bolus is ground by sliding the posterior teeth from back to front during the occlusal phase. The temporalis plays a major role in retracting the mandible more posteriorly in the early phase of closing, extending the grinding path. Masticatory efficiency is thus increased based on the coordination of activities by the masseter and temporalis muscles.
28181679	0	9	Mechanism	T169	C0441712
28181679	13	31	motor coordination	T042	C0237543
28181679	35	43	masseter	T023	C0024876
28181679	48	66	temporalis muscles	T023	C0039487
28181679	71	80	increased	T081	C0205217
28181679	81	92	masticatory	T042	C0024888
28181679	93	103	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28181679	107	111	mice	T015	C0025929
28181679	131	137	use of	T169	C1524063
28181679	138	142	mice	T015	C0025929
28181679	146	159	animal models	T008	C0599779
28181679	180	197	pathophysiologies	T169	C0031847
28181679	202	214	pathogeneses	T046	C0699748
28181679	218	222	oral	T082	C0442027
28181679	223	238	motor disorders	T047	C0221163
28181679	248	258	increasing	T169	C0442808
28181679	262	268	recent	T079	C0332185
28181679	269	274	years	T079	C0439234
28181679	293	298	kinds	T080	C0332307
28181679	302	313	genetically	T169	C0314603
28181679	323	327	mice	T015	C0025929
28181679	341	361	functional disorders	T046	C0277785
28181679	369	390	stomatognathic system	T022	C0038369
28181679	398	407	available	T169	C0470187
28181679	434	449	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28181679	453	462	mouse jaw	T024	C1511239
28181679	463	472	movements	T040	C0026649
28181679	473	479	during	T079	C0347984
28181679	480	491	mastication	T042	C0024888
28181679	545	550	study	T062	C2603343
28181679	558	569	investigate	T169	C1292732
28181679	574	579	roles	T077	C1705810
28181679	587	595	masseter	T023	C0024876
28181679	600	618	temporalis muscles	T023	C0039487
28181679	628	638	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28181679	642	660	motor coordination	T042	C0237543
28181679	670	677	muscles	T024	C0026845
28181679	693	704	masticatory	T042	C0024888
28181679	705	715	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28181679	723	730	closing	T042	C1254358
28181679	731	736	phase	T079	C0205390
28181679	740	744	mice	T015	C0025929
28181679	746	756	Twenty-two	T081	C4284772
28181679	757	761	male	T032	C0086582
28181679	762	765	Jcl	T015	C0025929
28181679	767	775	ICR mice	T015	C0025925
28181679	781	788	divided	T169	C0332849
28181679	794	801	control	T096	C0009932
28181679	811	832	masseter-hypofunction	UnknownType	C0681860
28181679	845	855	temporalis	T023	C0039487
28181679	858	870	hypofunction	T046	C0679221
28181679	871	877	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28181679	887	914	Botulinum neurotoxin type A	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
28181679	916	922	BoNT⁄A	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
28181679	936	942	induce	T169	C0205263
28181679	943	949	muscle	T024	C0026845
28181679	950	962	hypofunction	T046	C0679221
28181679	968	979	masticatory	T042	C0024888
28181679	980	993	movement path	T040	C0026649
28181679	1001	1011	horizontal	T082	C0205126
28181679	1012	1021	direction	T082	C0449738
28181679	1022	1028	during	T079	C0347984
28181679	1033	1041	occlusal	T029	C0447303
28181679	1042	1047	phase	T079	C0205390
28181679	1055	1063	unstable	T033	C0443343
28181679	1070	1076	BoNT⁄A	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
28181679	1077	1086	injection	T122	C1272883
28181679	1096	1111	masseter muscle	T023	C0024876
28181679	1113	1119	BoNT⁄A	T116,T121,T131	C0006050
28181679	1120	1129	injection	T122	C1272883
28181679	1139	1156	temporalis muscle	T023	C0039487
28181679	1157	1166	decreased	T081	C0205216
28181679	1167	1193	antero-posterior excursion	T169	C0205245
28181679	1201	1219	late-closing phase	T079	C0205390
28181679	1241	1252	power phase	T079	C0205390
28181679	1260	1273	chewing cycle	T042	C0024888
28181679	1281	1288	results	T169	C1274040
28181679	1289	1296	suggest	T078	C1705535
28181679	1306	1314	masseter	T023	C0024876
28181679	1315	1320	plays	T033	C0600138
28181679	1324	1333	important	T080	C3898777
28181679	1334	1338	role	T077	C1705810
28181679	1342	1353	stabilizing	T033	C0184512
28181679	1358	1371	grinding path	T042	C1254358
28181679	1383	1393	food bolus	T031	C1186706
28181679	1407	1414	sliding	T169	C0332246
28181679	1419	1428	posterior	T082	C0205095
28181679	1429	1434	teeth	T023	C0040426
28181679	1454	1460	during	T079	C0347984
28181679	1465	1473	occlusal	T029	C0447303
28181679	1474	1479	phase	T079	C0205390
28181679	1485	1495	temporalis	T023	C0039487
28181679	1496	1501	plays	T033	C0600138
28181679	1504	1509	major	T080	C0205164
28181679	1510	1514	role	T077	C1705810
28181679	1533	1541	mandible	T023	C0024687
28181679	1547	1558	posteriorly	T082	C0205095
28181679	1566	1571	early	T079	C1279919
28181679	1572	1577	phase	T079	C0205390
28181679	1581	1588	closing	T042	C1254358
28181679	1590	1599	extending	T082	C0439792
28181679	1604	1617	grinding path	T042	C1254358
28181679	1619	1630	Masticatory	T042	C0024888
28181679	1631	1641	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28181679	1650	1659	increased	T081	C0205217
28181679	1673	1685	coordination	T042	C0237543
28181679	1689	1699	activities	T052	C0441655
28181679	1707	1715	masseter	T023	C0024876
28181679	1720	1738	temporalis muscles	T023	C0039487

28181688|t|Dental implants and bone augmentation in HIV-infected patients under HAART: Case report and review of the literature
28181688|a|The present study reviewed the literature regarding dental implants in HIV-infected patients and reports the long-term follow-up of three clinical cases of patients under HAART that received bone augmentation and dental implants. The first case presents a young patient with a large defect in the mandible, as a consequence of a longitudinal fracture, that was treated with guided bone regeneration (GBR) previously to implant placement. The second case reported is middle-aged man with a fractured upper lateral incisor treated with immediate placement and simultaneous GBR to repair the dehiscence due to the buccal bone resorption. The third case shows an elderly patient that underwent sinus lifting with the simultaneous placement of two implants. All cases were treated after patients were medically controlled and followed for at least 10 years. Controlled HIV-infected patients undergoing HAART may be candidates to implant rehabilitation, as long as their plasmatic HIV viral load and CD4+ T lymphocytes count are within the parameters that indicate immune stability. Long-term stability of soft and hard tissues can be obtained maintaining function and esthetics. However, stronger evidence, based on prospective, controlled clinical trials is needed to provide the dental and medical teams with conclusive data.
28181688	0	6	Dental	T080	C0226984
28181688	7	15	implants	T074	C0021102
28181688	20	24	bone	T023	C0262950
28181688	25	37	augmentation	T061	C1293122
28181688	41	53	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28181688	54	62	patients	T101	C0030705
28181688	69	74	HAART	T061	C0887947
28181688	76	87	Case report	T170	C0085973
28181688	92	116	review of the literature	T170	C0282441
28181688	129	134	study	T062	C2603343
28181688	135	143	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28181688	148	158	literature	T170	C0023866
28181688	169	175	dental	T080	C0226984
28181688	176	184	implants	T074	C0021102
28181688	188	200	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28181688	201	209	patients	T101	C0030705
28181688	214	221	reports	T170	C0085973
28181688	226	245	long-term follow-up	T058	C1517942
28181688	255	269	clinical cases	T077	C1706256
28181688	273	281	patients	T101	C0030705
28181688	288	293	HAART	T061	C0887947
28181688	308	312	bone	T023	C0262950
28181688	313	325	augmentation	T061	C1293122
28181688	330	336	dental	T080	C0226984
28181688	337	345	implants	T074	C0021102
28181688	351	361	first case	T077	C1706256
28181688	373	378	young	T079	C0332239
28181688	379	386	patient	T101	C0030705
28181688	394	399	large	T081	C0549177
28181688	400	406	defect	T169	C1457869
28181688	414	422	mandible	T023	C0024687
28181688	446	467	longitudinal fracture	T037	C0332713
28181688	478	490	treated with	T061	C0332293
28181688	491	515	guided bone regeneration	T042	C0005972
28181688	517	520	GBR	T042	C0005972
28181688	536	553	implant placement	T061	C0021107
28181688	559	570	second case	T077	C1706256
28181688	583	598	middle-aged man	T100	C3825963
28181688	606	615	fractured	T037	C0016658
28181688	616	637	upper lateral incisor	T023	C0934506
28181688	638	650	treated with	T061	C0332293
28181688	651	660	immediate	T079	C0205253
28181688	661	670	placement	T080	C1524072
28181688	675	687	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28181688	688	691	GBR	T042	C0005972
28181688	695	701	repair	T058	C1705181
28181688	706	716	dehiscence	T033	C0149663
28181688	728	734	buccal	T029	C1540415
28181688	735	750	bone resorption	T042	C0005974
28181688	756	766	third case	T077	C1706256
28181688	776	783	elderly	T098	C1999167
28181688	784	791	patient	T101	C0030705
28181688	807	820	sinus lifting	T061	C3178819
28181688	830	842	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28181688	843	852	placement	T080	C1524072
28181688	860	868	implants	T074	C0021102
28181688	874	879	cases	T077	C1706256
28181688	885	892	treated	T061	C0087111
28181688	899	907	patients	T101	C0030705
28181688	913	922	medically	T169	C0205476
28181688	923	933	controlled	T169	C0332298
28181688	938	946	followed	T058	C1522577
28181688	963	968	years	T079	C0439234
28181688	970	980	Controlled	T080	C0243148
28181688	981	993	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28181688	994	1002	patients	T101	C0030705
28181688	1014	1019	HAART	T061	C0887947
28181688	1027	1037	candidates	T101	C0030705
28181688	1041	1063	implant rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28181688	1082	1091	plasmatic	T031	C0032105
28181688	1092	1106	HIV viral load	T059	C1168369
28181688	1111	1129	CD4+ T lymphocytes	T025	C0039215
28181688	1130	1135	count	T081	C0750480
28181688	1151	1161	parameters	T077	C0549193
28181688	1176	1182	immune	T169	C0439662
28181688	1183	1192	stability	T080	C0205360
28181688	1194	1203	Long-term	T079	C0443252
28181688	1204	1213	stability	T080	C0205360
28181688	1217	1221	soft	T024	C0225317
28181688	1226	1230	hard	T080	C0018599
28181688	1231	1238	tissues	T024	C0040300
28181688	1255	1266	maintaining	T169	C1314677
28181688	1267	1275	function	T169	C0542341
28181688	1280	1289	esthetics	T080	C0004898
28181688	1300	1317	stronger evidence	T078	C3887511
28181688	1319	1339	based on prospective	T062	C0033522
28181688	1341	1367	controlled clinical trials	T062	C0206035
28181688	1371	1377	needed	T080	C0027552
28181688	1393	1399	dental	T080	C0226984
28181688	1404	1417	medical teams	T058	C0086390
28181688	1423	1438	conclusive data	T080	C2828146

28182076|t|Vaginal Infections of Albanian women Infected with HPV and their impact in intraepithelial cervical lesions evidenced by Pap test
28182076|a|Cervical cytology is the best single method for large screening of the population in identifying precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix. To estimate the frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity in a group of Albanian women, the prevalence of vaginal coinfections, and the relationship of coinfections with HPV, as well as their role in metaplasia or cervical intraepithelial lesions (CIN). In this retrospective study, 2075 vaginal smears were examined. The Papanicolaou stain was used for all slides. The New Bethesda System 2001 was used for the interpretations of the smears. Data analysis was completed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19.0. Prevalence of HPV positivity was 43.9% with an average age of 35.48 ± 9.27 years. Candida coinfection resulted in 57.8% of HPV positive women with a significant relationship between them. Gardnerella coinfection resulted in 36 (23%), mixed flora in 34 (8%), and Trichomonas vaginalis in 50% of HPV positive woman. Among the women with positive HPV, 19% had CIN, 8% had metaplasia, and 1% had metaplasia and CIN; 9% of the women with HPV had CIN1 and one of the coinfections. There is a strong relationship between CIN1 and HPV positivity as well as between CIN1 and coinfections. HPV infection is a major factor contributing to metaplasia, and bacterial coinfections in HPV positive women have a statistically significant impact in the development of metaplasia.
28182076	0	18	Vaginal Infections	T047	C0404521
28182076	22	30	Albanian	T083	C0001909
28182076	31	36	women	T098	C0043210
28182076	37	45	Infected	T046	C3714514
28182076	51	54	HPV	T005	C0021344
28182076	75	107	intraepithelial cervical lesions	T191	C0206708
28182076	121	129	Pap test	T059	C3516630
28182076	130	147	Cervical cytology	T059	C0856201
28182076	184	193	screening	T060	C1710031
28182076	227	247	precancerous lesions	T191	C0940937
28182076	255	269	uterine cervix	T023	C0007874
28182076	300	337	human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity	T034	C4288937
28182076	352	360	Albanian	T083	C0001909
28182076	361	366	women	T098	C0043210
28182076	372	382	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28182076	386	406	vaginal coinfections	T047	C0404521
28182076	432	444	coinfections	T047	C0275524
28182076	450	453	HPV	T005	C0021344
28182076	480	490	metaplasia	T049	C0025568
28182076	494	526	cervical intraepithelial lesions	T191	C0206708
28182076	528	531	CIN	T191	C0206708
28182076	542	561	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28182076	568	582	vaginal smears	T060	C0079104
28182076	602	620	Papanicolaou stain	T060	C3888892
28182076	650	669	New Bethesda System	T059	C2121268
28182076	692	721	interpretations of the smears	T059	C3526121
28182076	761	812	Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version	T081	C0010998
28182076	819	829	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
28182076	833	847	HPV positivity	T034	C4288937
28182076	901	920	Candida coinfection	T047	C0006840
28182076	942	954	HPV positive	T034	C4288937
28182076	955	960	women	T098	C0043210
28182076	1007	1030	Gardnerella coinfection	T047	C1622505
28182076	1053	1064	mixed flora	T047	C1400606
28182076	1081	1102	Trichomonas vaginalis	T047	C0040923
28182076	1113	1125	HPV positive	T034	C4288937
28182076	1126	1131	woman	T098	C0043210
28182076	1143	1148	women	T098	C0043210
28182076	1154	1166	positive HPV	T034	C4288937
28182076	1176	1179	CIN	T191	C0206708
28182076	1188	1198	metaplasia	T049	C0025568
28182076	1211	1221	metaplasia	T049	C0025568
28182076	1226	1229	CIN	T191	C0206708
28182076	1241	1246	women	T098	C0043210
28182076	1252	1255	HPV	T005	C0021344
28182076	1260	1264	CIN1	T191	C0349458
28182076	1280	1292	coinfections	T047	C0275524
28182076	1333	1337	CIN1	T191	C0349458
28182076	1342	1356	HPV positivity	T034	C4288937
28182076	1376	1380	CIN1	T191	C0349458
28182076	1385	1397	coinfections	T047	C0275524
28182076	1399	1412	HPV infection	T047	C0343641
28182076	1447	1457	metaplasia	T049	C0025568
28182076	1463	1485	bacterial coinfections	T047	C0004623
28182076	1489	1501	HPV positive	T034	C4288937
28182076	1502	1507	women	T098	C0043210
28182076	1515	1540	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28182076	1570	1580	metaplasia	T049	C0025568

28182129|t|A Case of Acute Hepatitis E Infection in a Patient with Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Treated Successfully with Ribavirin
28182129|a|We present the case of a man who, following immunosuppressive treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, became infected with viral hepatitis E. Acute hepatitis E virus infection should be considered in patients with deranged liver function on a background of haematological malignancies or immunosuppression, even without travel to endemic regions. Whilst clearance is usually spontaneous in immune - competent individuals, these at-risk groups may develop a more complicated and protracted disease course. Thus awareness is important as additional treatment with ribavirin or pegylated interferon may be required, as in this case, in order to help achieve eradication.
28182129	10	15	Acute	T079	C0205178
28182129	16	37	Hepatitis E Infection	T047	C2063407
28182129	43	50	Patient	T101	C0030705
28182129	56	76	Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma	T191	C0024305
28182129	77	84	Treated	T061	C0332293
28182129	103	112	Ribavirin	T114,T121	C0035525
28182129	138	141	man	T098	C0025266
28182129	157	184	immunosuppressive treatment	T061	C0021079
28182129	189	209	non-Hodgkin lymphoma	T191	C0024305
28182129	218	226	infected	T033	C0439663
28182129	232	249	viral hepatitis E	T047	C0085293
28182129	251	256	Acute	T079	C0205178
28182129	257	284	hepatitis E virus infection	T047	C2063407
28182129	309	317	patients	T101	C0030705
28182129	323	331	deranged	T080	C0205556
28182129	332	346	liver function	T042	C0232741
28182129	366	393	haematological malignancies	T191	C0376545
28182129	397	414	immunosuppression	T047	C4048329
28182129	439	454	endemic regions	T083	C0017446
28182129	499	505	immune	T169	C0439662
28182129	508	517	competent	T080	C0086035
28182129	518	529	individuals	T098	C0237401
28182129	537	551	at-risk groups	T098	C0684030
28182129	587	612	protracted disease course	T033	C1864936
28182129	656	665	treatment	T061	C0087111
28182129	671	680	ribavirin	T114,T121	C0035525
28182129	684	704	pegylated interferon	T109,T121,T129	C0907160
28182129	764	775	eradication	T058	C3178994

28182581|t|Application of single - and dual-energy CT brain tissue segmentation to PET monitoring of proton therapy
28182581|a|The purpose of this work was to evaluate the ability of single and dual energy computed tomography (SECT, DECT) to estimate tissue composition and density for usage in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of irradiation induced β (+) activity distributions. This was done to assess the impact on positron emission tomography (PET) range verification in proton therapy. A DECT-based brain tissue segmentation method was developed for white matter (WM), grey matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The elemental composition of reference tissues was assigned to closest CT numbers in DECT space (DECTdist). The method was also applied to SECT data (SECTdist). In a validation experiment, the proton irradiation induced PET activity of three brain equivalent solutions (BES) was compared to simulations based on different tissue segmentations. Five patients scanned with a dual source DECT scanner were analyzed to compare the different segmentation methods. A single magnetic resonance (MR) scan was used for comparison with an established segmentation toolkit. Additionally, one patient with SECT and post-treatment PET scans was investigated. For BES, DECTdist and SECTdist reduced differences to the reference simulation by up to 62% when compared to the conventional stoichiometric segmentation (SECTSchneider). In comparison to MR brain segmentation, Dice similarity coefficients for WM, GM and CSF were 0.61, 0.67 and 0.66 for DECTdist and 0.54, 0.41 and 0.66 for SECTdist. MC simulations of PET treatment verification in patients showed important differences between DECTdist / SECTdist and SECTSchneider for patients with large CSF areas within the treatment field but not in WM and GM. Differences could be misinterpreted as PET derived range shifts of up to 4 mm. DECTdist and SECTdist yielded comparable activity distributions, and comparison of SECTdist to a measured patient PET scan showed improved agreement when compared to SECTSchneider. The agreement between predicted and measured PET activity distributions was improved by employing a brain specific segmentation applicable to both DECT and SECT data.
28182581	15	21	single	T060	C0040405
28182581	28	42	dual-energy CT	T060	C4055114
28182581	43	55	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
28182581	56	68	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28182581	72	75	PET	T060	C0032743
28182581	76	86	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28182581	90	104	proton therapy	T061	C0436226
28182581	137	145	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28182581	161	167	single	T060	C0040405
28182581	172	203	dual energy computed tomography	T060	C4055114
28182581	205	209	SECT	T060	C0040405
28182581	211	215	DECT	T060	C4055114
28182581	220	228	estimate	T081	C0750572
28182581	229	247	tissue composition	T024	C0040300
28182581	252	259	density	T081	C0162339
28182581	264	269	usage	T169	C0457083
28182581	273	284	Monte Carlo	T081	C0026507
28182581	286	288	MC	T081	C0026507
28182581	290	301	simulations	T062	C0679083
28182581	305	316	irradiation	T070	C1282930
28182581	317	324	induced	T169	C0205263
28182581	325	339	β (+) activity	T052	C0441655
28182581	340	353	distributions	T169	C1704711
28182581	372	378	assess	T058	C0184514
28182581	383	389	impact	T080	C4049986
28182581	393	421	positron emission tomography	T060	C0032743
28182581	423	426	PET	T060	C0032743
28182581	434	446	verification	T169	C1711411
28182581	450	464	proton therapy	T061	C0436226
28182581	468	478	DECT-based	T060	C4055114
28182581	479	491	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
28182581	492	504	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28182581	530	542	white matter	T024	C0682708
28182581	544	546	WM	T024	C0682708
28182581	549	560	grey matter	T024	C0018220
28182581	562	564	GM	T024	C0018220
28182581	570	589	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
28182581	591	594	CSF	T031	C0007806
28182581	636	643	tissues	T024	C0040300
28182581	648	656	assigned	T169	C1516050
28182581	668	678	CT numbers	T081	C2986735
28182581	682	686	DECT	T060	C4055114
28182581	694	702	DECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	736	740	SECT	T060	C0040405
28182581	741	745	data	T078	C1511726
28182581	747	755	SECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	763	773	validation	T062	C1519941
28182581	774	784	experiment	T062	C0681814
28182581	790	808	proton irradiation	T061	C0436226
28182581	817	820	PET	T060	C0032743
28182581	821	829	activity	T052	C0441655
28182581	839	844	brain	T023	C0006104
28182581	845	865	equivalent solutions	T081	C0560134
28182581	867	870	BES	T081	C0560134
28182581	876	884	compared	T052	C1707455
28182581	888	899	simulations	T062	C0679083
28182581	919	925	tissue	T024	C0040300
28182581	926	939	segmentations	T066	C2697664
28182581	946	954	patients	T101	C0030705
28182581	955	962	scanned	T060	C0441633
28182581	970	974	dual	T008	C1554184
28182581	975	981	source	T033	C0449416
28182581	982	986	DECT	T060	C4055114
28182581	987	994	scanner	T074	C0183115
28182581	1000	1008	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28182581	1012	1019	compare	T052	C1707455
28182581	1034	1054	segmentation methods	T066	C2697664
28182581	1065	1093	magnetic resonance (MR) scan	T058	C0420570
28182581	1107	1117	comparison	T052	C1707455
28182581	1126	1137	established	T080	C0443211
28182581	1138	1150	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28182581	1151	1158	toolkit	T073	C0336791
28182581	1178	1185	patient	T101	C0030705
28182581	1191	1195	SECT	T060	C0040405
28182581	1200	1214	post-treatment	T079	C2709088
28182581	1215	1224	PET scans	T060	C0032743
28182581	1229	1241	investigated	T169	C1292732
28182581	1247	1250	BES	T081	C0560134
28182581	1252	1260	DECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	1265	1273	SECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	1274	1281	reduced	T080	C0392756
28182581	1311	1321	simulation	T062	C0679083
28182581	1340	1348	compared	T052	C1707455
28182581	1356	1396	conventional stoichiometric segmentation	T066	C2697664
28182581	1398	1411	SECTSchneider	T066	C2697664
28182581	1417	1427	comparison	T052	C1707455
28182581	1440	1452	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28182581	1454	1482	Dice similarity coefficients	T081	C1707429
28182581	1487	1489	WM	T024	C0682708
28182581	1491	1493	GM	T024	C0018220
28182581	1498	1501	CSF	T031	C0007806
28182581	1531	1539	DECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	1568	1576	SECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	1578	1580	MC	T081	C0026507
28182581	1581	1592	simulations	T062	C0679083
28182581	1596	1599	PET	T060	C0032743
28182581	1600	1609	treatment	T169	C1522326
28182581	1610	1622	verification	T169	C1711411
28182581	1626	1634	patients	T101	C0030705
28182581	1672	1680	DECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	1683	1691	SECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	1696	1709	SECTSchneider	T066	C2697664
28182581	1714	1722	patients	T101	C0030705
28182581	1734	1737	CSF	T031	C0007806
28182581	1738	1743	areas	T082	C0205146
28182581	1755	1764	treatment	T169	C1522326
28182581	1782	1784	WM	T024	C0682708
28182581	1789	1791	GM	T024	C0018220
28182581	1832	1835	PET	T060	C0032743
28182581	1836	1843	derived	T080	C1441547
28182581	1872	1880	DECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	1885	1893	SECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	1913	1935	activity distributions	T169	C1704711
28182581	1941	1951	comparison	T052	C1707455
28182581	1955	1963	SECTdist	T081	C0392762
28182581	1969	1977	measured	T080	C0444706
28182581	1978	1985	patient	T101	C0030705
28182581	1986	1994	PET scan	T060	C0032743
28182581	2002	2010	improved	T033	C0184511
28182581	2026	2034	compared	T052	C1707455
28182581	2038	2051	SECTSchneider	T066	C2697664
28182581	2089	2097	measured	T080	C0444706
28182581	2098	2101	PET	T060	C0032743
28182581	2102	2124	activity distributions	T169	C1704711
28182581	2129	2137	improved	T033	C0184511
28182581	2153	2158	brain	T023	C0006104
28182581	2168	2180	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28182581	2200	2204	DECT	T060	C4055114
28182581	2209	2213	SECT	T060	C0040405
28182581	2214	2218	data	T078	C1511726

28182705|t|Low implementation of Xpert MTB/RIF among HIV / TB co-infected adults in the International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) program
28182705|a|Xpert MTB/RIF is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the initial tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic test in individuals suspected of HIV - associated TB. We sought to evaluate field implementation of Xpert among a cohort of HIV / TB co-infected individuals, including availability, utilization and outcomes. Observational cohort study (patient-level data) and cross-sectional study (site-level Xpert availability data). Data were collected at 30 participating International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) sites in 18 countries from January 2012- January 2016. All patients were HIV-infected and diagnosed with TB, either bacteriologically or clinically, and followed until a determination of TB treatment outcome. We used multivariable modified Poisson regression to estimate adjusted relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals for unfavorable TB treatment outcomes. Most sites (63%) had access to Xpert, either in the clinic (13%), in the same facility (20%) or offsite (30%). Among 2722 HIV / TB patients included, median age was 35.4 years and 41% were female; BMI and CD4 count were low. Overall, most patients (76%) received at least one TB test; 45% were positive. Only 4% of all patients were tested using Xpert: 64% were Xpert - positive, 13% showed rifampicin (RIF) resistance and 30% were extrapulmonary (EPTB) or both pulmonary - EPTB. Treatment outcomes were mostly favorable (77%) and we found little association between Xpert use and an unfavorable TB treatment outcome (RR 1.25, 95% CI: 0.83, 1.90). In this cohort, Xpert utilization was low even though the majority of sites had access to the test. Our findings show the need for expanded implementation and further research exploring barriers to use in low-resource settings.
28182705	0	3	Low	T080	C0205251
28182705	4	18	implementation	T052	C1708476
28182705	22	35	Xpert MTB/RIF	T060	C0430022
28182705	42	45	HIV	T047	C0019693
28182705	48	50	TB	T047	C0041296
28182705	51	62	co-infected	T047	C0275524
28182705	63	69	adults	T100	C0001675
28182705	77	131	International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS	T170	C0282574
28182705	133	138	IeDEA	T170	C0282574
28182705	140	147	program	T169	C3484370
28182705	148	161	Xpert MTB/RIF	T060	C0430022
28182705	165	176	recommended	T078	C0034866
28182705	184	209	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
28182705	211	214	WHO	T093	C0043237
28182705	231	243	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
28182705	245	247	TB	T047	C0041296
28182705	249	264	diagnostic test	T060	C0086143
28182705	268	279	individuals	T098	C0237401
28182705	280	289	suspected	T078	C0750491
28182705	293	296	HIV	T047	C0019693
28182705	299	309	associated	T078	C0750490
28182705	310	312	TB	T047	C0041296
28182705	327	335	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28182705	336	341	field	T077	C1521738
28182705	342	356	implementation	T052	C1708476
28182705	360	365	Xpert	T060	C0430022
28182705	374	380	cohort	T098	C0599755
28182705	384	387	HIV	T047	C0019693
28182705	390	392	TB	T047	C0041296
28182705	393	404	co-infected	T047	C0275524
28182705	405	416	individuals	T098	C0237401
28182705	428	440	availability	T169	C0470187
28182705	442	453	utilization	T169	C0042153
28182705	458	466	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28182705	482	494	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28182705	496	514	patient-level data	T033	C0586019
28182705	520	541	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28182705	543	553	site-level	T080	C0441889
28182705	554	559	Xpert	T060	C0430022
28182705	560	577	availability data	T033	C4035953
28182705	580	584	Data	T078	C1511726
28182705	590	599	collected	T169	C1516698
28182705	606	619	participating	T169	C0679823
28182705	620	674	International epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS	T170	C0282574
28182705	676	681	IeDEA	T170	C0282574
28182705	683	688	sites	T082	C0205145
28182705	695	704	countries	T083	C0454664
28182705	710	717	January	T080	C3829466
28182705	724	731	January	T080	C3829466
28182705	742	750	patients	T101	C0030705
28182705	756	768	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28182705	773	782	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28182705	788	790	TB	T047	C0041296
28182705	799	816	bacteriologically	T169	C0205465
28182705	820	830	clinically	T080	C0205210
28182705	853	866	determination	T080	C0205259
28182705	870	872	TB	T047	C0041296
28182705	873	890	treatment outcome	T080	C0085415
28182705	900	941	multivariable modified Poisson regression	T170	C0034980
28182705	945	953	estimate	T081	C0750572
28182705	963	976	relative risk	T081	C0242492
28182705	978	980	RR	T081	C0242492
28182705	990	1010	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28182705	1015	1026	unfavorable	T080	C3640815
28182705	1027	1029	TB	T047	C0041296
28182705	1030	1048	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
28182705	1055	1060	sites	T082	C0205145
28182705	1071	1077	access	T082	C0444454
28182705	1081	1086	Xpert	T060	C0430022
28182705	1102	1108	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28182705	1128	1136	facility	T073	C1547538
28182705	1146	1153	offsite	T082	C3828730
28182705	1172	1175	HIV	T047	C0019693
28182705	1178	1180	TB	T047	C0041296
28182705	1181	1189	patients	T101	C0030705
28182705	1200	1210	median age	T032	C0001779
28182705	1220	1225	years	T079	C0439234
28182705	1239	1245	female	T032	C0086287
28182705	1247	1250	BMI	T201	C1305855
28182705	1255	1264	CD4 count	T059	C1277791
28182705	1270	1273	low	T080	C0205251
28182705	1289	1297	patients	T101	C0030705
28182705	1304	1312	received	T080	C1514756
28182705	1326	1333	TB test	T060	C2242734
28182705	1344	1352	positive	T033	C1446409
28182705	1369	1377	patients	T101	C0030705
28182705	1383	1389	tested	T169	C0039593
28182705	1396	1401	Xpert	T060	C0430022
28182705	1412	1417	Xpert	T060	C0430022
28182705	1420	1428	positive	T033	C1446409
28182705	1441	1451	rifampicin	T109,T195	C0035608
28182705	1453	1456	RIF	T109,T195	C0035608
28182705	1458	1468	resistance	T169	C4281815
28182705	1482	1496	extrapulmonary	T047	C0679362
28182705	1498	1502	EPTB	T047	C0679362
28182705	1512	1521	pulmonary	T047	C0041327
28182705	1524	1528	EPTB	T047	C0679362
28182705	1530	1548	Treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
28182705	1561	1570	favorable	T080	C3640814
28182705	1597	1608	association	T080	C0439849
28182705	1617	1622	Xpert	T060	C0430022
28182705	1634	1645	unfavorable	T080	C3640815
28182705	1646	1648	TB	T047	C0041296
28182705	1649	1666	treatment outcome	T080	C0085415
28182705	1668	1670	RR	T081	C0242492
28182705	1681	1683	CI	T081	C0009667
28182705	1706	1712	cohort	T098	C0599755
28182705	1714	1719	Xpert	T060	C0430022
28182705	1720	1731	utilization	T169	C0042153
28182705	1736	1739	low	T080	C0205251
28182705	1756	1764	majority	T054	C0680220
28182705	1768	1773	sites	T082	C0205145
28182705	1778	1784	access	T082	C0444454
28182705	1792	1796	test	T170	C0392366
28182705	1802	1810	findings	T033	C0243095
28182705	1829	1837	expanded	T082	C0205229
28182705	1838	1852	implementation	T052	C1708476
28182705	1865	1873	research	T062	C0035168
28182705	1903	1915	low-resource	T078	C0035201

28183116|t|On the identity of the Palearctic species of the wolf spider genus <i> Trebacosa </i>(Araneae: Lycosidae)
28183116|a|In this paper we propose Trebacosa brunhesi Villepoux, 2007 as a junior synonym of Trebacosa europaea Szinetár & Kan-csal, 2007 based on the examination of specimens from all the localities from where those species are known. Illustration of the type species of the genus, Trebacosa marxi (Stone, 1890) and specimens from all known localities of T. europaea are given to show both the inter- and the intraspecific differences of the genus. Scanning electron micrographs were used to illustrate the detailed structure of the female's genitalia.
28183116	7	15	identity	T078	C0017390
28183116	23	33	Palearctic	UnknownType	C0681784
28183116	34	41	species	T185	C1705920
28183116	49	60	wolf spider	T204	C0323749
28183116	61	66	genus	T185	C1708235
28183116	71	80	Trebacosa	T204	C3409647
28183116	86	93	Araneae	T204	C0037913
28183116	95	104	Lycosidae	T204	C0323749
28183116	114	119	paper	T170	C1706852
28183116	131	149	Trebacosa brunhesi	T204	C3409647
28183116	178	185	synonym	T077	C0871468
28183116	189	207	Trebacosa europaea	T204	C3409647
28183116	247	258	examination	T169	C1292732
28183116	262	271	specimens	T167	C0370003
28183116	285	295	localities	T083	C0017446
28183116	313	320	species	T185	C1705920
28183116	352	356	type	T080	C0332307
28183116	357	364	species	T185	C1705920
28183116	372	377	genus	T185	C1708235
28183116	379	394	Trebacosa marxi	T204	C3409648
28183116	413	422	specimens	T167	C0370003
28183116	438	448	localities	T083	C0017446
28183116	452	463	T. europaea	T204	C3409647
28183116	491	497	inter-	T080	C0205369
28183116	506	531	intraspecific differences	T080	C1705242
28183116	539	544	genus	T185	C1708235
28183116	546	575	Scanning electron micrographs	T059	C0026020
28183116	613	622	structure	T082	C0678594
28183116	630	648	female's genitalia	T023	C0017421

28183348|t|Optimized creation of glioblastoma patient derived xenografts for use in preclinical studies
28183348|a|Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal brain tumor in adults, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies. Patient derived xenografts (PDX) represent a valuable tool to accomplish this task. PDX were established by implanting GBM tissue subcutaneously. Engraftment success was compared between NMRI Foxn1(nu) and NOD / SCID as well as between fresh and cryopreserved tissue. Established PDX were analyzed histologically and molecularly. Five PDX were experimentally treated with different drugs to assess their potential for preclinical drug testing. Establishment of PDX was attempted for 36 consecutive GBM cases with an overall success rate of 22.2% in NMRI Foxn1(nu) mice. No difference was observed between fresh or cryopreserved (20-1057 days) tissue in direct comparison (n = 10 cases). Additionally, engraftment was better in NOD / SCID mice (38.8%) directly compared to NMRI Foxn1(nu) mice (27.7%) (n = 18 cases). Molecular data and histology of the PDX compare well to the primary GBM. The experimental treatment revealed individual differences in the sensitivity towards several clinically relevant drugs. The use of vitally frozen GBM tissue allows a more convenient workflow without efficiency loss. NOD / SCID mice appear to be better suited for initial engraftment of tumor tissue compared to NMRI Foxn1(nu) mice.
28183348	10	18	creation	T052	C1706214
28183348	22	34	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28183348	35	61	patient derived xenografts	T050	C4050317
28183348	73	92	preclinical studies	T062	C0013206
28183348	93	116	Glioblastoma multiforme	T191	C1621958
28183348	118	121	GBM	T191	C1621958
28183348	135	141	common	T081	C0205214
28183348	146	152	lethal	T033	C3151529
28183348	153	164	brain tumor	T191	C0006118
28183348	168	174	adults	T100	C0001675
28183348	202	207	novel	T080	C0205314
28183348	208	217	treatment	T061	C0087111
28183348	218	228	strategies	T041	C0679199
28183348	230	256	Patient derived xenografts	T050	C4050317
28183348	258	261	PDX	T050	C4050317
28183348	263	272	represent	T052	C1882932
28183348	308	312	task	T057	C3540678
28183348	314	317	PDX	T050	C4050317
28183348	338	348	implanting	T061	C0021107
28183348	349	352	GBM	T191	C1621958
28183348	353	359	tissue	T024	C0040300
28183348	360	374	subcutaneously	T033	C1736929
28183348	376	387	Engraftment	T039	C0301944
28183348	388	395	success	T033	C1272702
28183348	400	408	compared	T052	C1707455
28183348	417	431	NMRI Foxn1(nu)	T015	C1513846
28183348	436	439	NOD	T015	C0085243
28183348	442	446	SCID	T015	C0085112
28183348	466	471	fresh	T031	C2827486
28183348	476	489	cryopreserved	T059	C0010405
28183348	490	496	tissue	T024	C0040300
28183348	498	509	Established	T080	C0443211
28183348	510	513	PDX	T050	C4050317
28183348	519	527	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28183348	528	542	histologically	T169	C0205462
28183348	547	558	molecularly	T080	C1521991
28183348	565	568	PDX	T050	C4050317
28183348	574	588	experimentally	T080	C1517586
28183348	589	596	treated	T169	C1522326
28183348	602	611	different	T080	C1705242
28183348	612	617	drugs	T121	C0013227
28183348	621	627	assess	T058	C0184514
28183348	634	643	potential	T080	C3245505
28183348	648	672	preclinical drug testing	T062	C1512070
28183348	691	694	PDX	T050	C4050317
28183348	699	708	attempted	T051	C1516084
28183348	716	727	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28183348	728	731	GBM	T191	C1621958
28183348	732	737	cases	T096	C0681850
28183348	746	753	overall	T080	C1561607
28183348	754	761	success	T080	C0679864
28183348	762	766	rate	T081	C1521828
28183348	779	798	NMRI Foxn1(nu) mice	T015	C1513846
28183348	800	813	No difference	T033	C3842396
28183348	818	826	observed	T169	C1441672
28183348	835	840	fresh	T031	C2827486
28183348	844	857	cryopreserved	T059	C0010405
28183348	867	871	days	T079	C0439228
28183348	873	879	tissue	T024	C0040300
28183348	890	900	comparison	T052	C1707455
28183348	909	914	cases	T096	C0681850
28183348	931	942	engraftment	T039	C0301944
28183348	957	960	NOD	T015	C0085243
28183348	963	972	SCID mice	T015	C0085112
28183348	990	998	compared	T052	C1707455
28183348	1002	1021	NMRI Foxn1(nu) mice	T015	C1513846
28183348	1038	1043	cases	T096	C0681850
28183348	1046	1055	Molecular	T080	C1521991
28183348	1056	1060	data	T078	C1511726
28183348	1065	1074	histology	T169	C4048239
28183348	1082	1085	PDX	T050	C4050317
28183348	1086	1093	compare	T052	C1707455
28183348	1106	1113	primary	T080	C0205225
28183348	1114	1117	GBM	T191	C1621958
28183348	1123	1135	experimental	T080	C1517586
28183348	1136	1145	treatment	T061	C0087111
28183348	1146	1154	revealed	T080	C0443289
28183348	1166	1177	differences	T080	C1705242
28183348	1185	1196	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28183348	1205	1212	several	T081	C0443302
28183348	1213	1223	clinically	T080	C0205210
28183348	1224	1232	relevant	T080	C2347946
28183348	1233	1238	drugs	T121	C0013227
28183348	1266	1269	GBM	T191	C1621958
28183348	1270	1276	tissue	T024	C0040300
28183348	1291	1301	convenient	T080	C3831015
28183348	1302	1310	workflow	T077	C1710679
28183348	1319	1329	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28183348	1336	1339	NOD	T015	C0085243
28183348	1342	1351	SCID mice	T015	C0085112
28183348	1391	1402	engraftment	T039	C0301944
28183348	1406	1411	tumor	T191	C0027651
28183348	1412	1418	tissue	T024	C0040300
28183348	1419	1427	compared	T052	C1707455
28183348	1431	1450	NMRI Foxn1(nu) mice	T015	C1513846

28183596|t|A numerical study on the application of the functionally graded materials in the stent design
28183596|a|Undesirable deformation of the stent can induce a significant amount of injure not only to the blood vessel but also to the plaque. The objective of this study was to reduce/minimize these undesirable deformations by the application of Functionally Graded Materials (FGM). To do this, Finite Element (FE) method was employed to simulate the expansion of a stent and the corresponding displacement of the stenosis plaque. Three hyperelastic plaque types as well as five elastoplastic stents were simulated. Dogboning, foreshortening, maximum stress in the plaque, and the pressure which is needed to fully expand the stent for different stent materials, were acquired. While all FGMs had lower dogboning in comparison to the stents made of the uniform materials, the stent with the lowest heterogeneous index displayed the lowest amount of dogboning. Steel stent showed the lowest foreshortening and fully expansion pressure but the difference was much lower than that the one for dogboning. Therefore, the FGM with the heterogeneous index of 0.5 is expected to exhibit the most suitable results. In addition, the results revealed that the material parameters has crucial effects on the deformation of the stent and, as a result, as a design point of view the FGM parameters can be tailored to achieve the goal of the biomechanical optimization.
28183596	2	11	numerical	T081	C0237753
28183596	12	17	study	T062	C2603343
28183596	44	73	functionally graded materials	T073	C3273359
28183596	81	86	stent	T074	C0038257
28183596	87	93	design	T052	C1707689
28183596	94	105	Undesirable	T080	C1883420
28183596	106	117	deformation	T080	C2919017
28183596	125	130	stent	T074	C0038257
28183596	144	155	significant	T037	C0178324
28183596	166	172	injure	T037	C3263723
28183596	189	201	blood vessel	T023	C0005847
28183596	218	224	plaque	T033	C0332461
28183596	261	276	reduce/minimize	T033	C0243095
28183596	283	294	undesirable	T080	C1883420
28183596	295	307	deformations	T080	C2919017
28183596	330	359	Functionally Graded Materials	T073	C3273359
28183596	361	364	FGM	T073	C3273359
28183596	379	405	Finite Element (FE) method	T170	C3826344
28183596	410	418	employed	T033	C0557351
28183596	422	430	simulate	T062	C0679083
28183596	435	444	expansion	T169	C0442805
28183596	450	455	stent	T074	C0038257
28183596	478	490	displacement	T067	C2347509
28183596	498	506	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28183596	507	513	plaque	T033	C0332461
28183596	521	533	hyperelastic	T073	C0450146
28183596	534	540	plaque	T033	C0332461
28183596	563	583	elastoplastic stents	T074	C0441289
28183596	600	609	Dogboning	T169	C0001688
28183596	611	625	foreshortening	T033	C0243095
28183596	627	634	maximum	T081	C0806909
28183596	635	641	stress	T033	C0038435
28183596	649	655	plaque	T033	C0332461
28183596	665	673	pressure	T067	C0033095
28183596	699	705	expand	T082	C0205229
28183596	710	715	stent	T074	C0038257
28183596	730	735	stent	T074	C0038257
28183596	736	745	materials	T167	C0520510
28183596	772	776	FGMs	T073	C3273359
28183596	781	786	lower	T080	C0547044
28183596	787	796	dogboning	T169	C0001688
28183596	818	824	stents	T074	C0038257
28183596	837	844	uniform	T080	C0205375
28183596	845	854	materials	T167	C0520510
28183596	860	865	stent	T074	C0038257
28183596	875	881	lowest	T080	C1708760
28183596	882	901	heterogeneous index	T170	C0918012
28183596	916	922	lowest	T080	C1708760
28183596	933	942	dogboning	T169	C0001688
28183596	944	949	Steel	T122,T197	C0038239
28183596	950	955	stent	T074	C0038257
28183596	967	973	lowest	T080	C1708760
28183596	974	988	foreshortening	T033	C0243095
28183596	999	1017	expansion pressure	T081	C4049814
28183596	1026	1036	difference	T081	C1705241
28183596	1046	1051	lower	T080	C0547044
28183596	1074	1083	dogboning	T169	C0001688
28183596	1100	1103	FGM	T073	C3273359
28183596	1113	1132	heterogeneous index	T170	C0918012
28183596	1172	1180	suitable	T080	C3900053
28183596	1181	1188	results	T169	C1274040
28183596	1207	1214	results	T169	C1274040
28183596	1233	1241	material	T167	C0520510
28183596	1242	1252	parameters	T077	C0549193
28183596	1257	1264	crucial	T080	C1511545
28183596	1265	1272	effects	T080	C1280500
28183596	1280	1291	deformation	T080	C2919017
28183596	1299	1304	stent	T074	C0038257
28183596	1315	1321	result	T169	C1274040
28183596	1328	1334	design	T052	C1707689
28183596	1353	1356	FGM	T073	C3273359
28183596	1357	1367	parameters	T077	C0549193
28183596	1411	1424	biomechanical	T081	C0009563
28183596	1425	1437	optimization	T052	C2698650

28183806|t|Commissioning through competition and cooperation in the English NHS under the Health and Social Care Act 2012: evidence from a qualitative study of four clinical commissioning groups
28183806|a|The Health and Social Care Act 2012 (' HSCA 2012 ') introduced a new, statutory, form of regulation of competition into the National Health Service (NHS), while at the same time recognising that cooperation was necessary. NHS England's policy document, The Five Year Forward View (' 5YFV ') of 2014 placed less emphasis on competition without altering the legislation. We explored how commissioners and providers understand the complex regulatory framework, and how they behave in relation to competition and cooperation. We carried out detailed case studies in four clinical commissioning groups, using interviews and documentary analysis to explore the commissioners ' and providers ' understanding and experience of competition and cooperation. We conducted 42 interviews with senior managers in commissioning organisations and senior managers in NHS and independent provider organisations (acute and community services). Neither commissioners nor providers fully understand the regulatory regime in respect of competition in the NHS, and have not found that the regulatory authorities have provided adequate guidance. Despite the HSCA 2012 promoting competition, commissioners chose mainly to use collaborative strategies to effect major service reconfigurations, which is endorsed as a suitable approach by providers. Nevertheless, commissioners are using competitive tendering in respect of more peripheral services in order to improve quality of care and value for money. Commissioners regard the use of competition and cooperation as appropriate in the NHS currently, although collaborative strategies appear more helpful in respect of large-scale changes. However, the current regulatory framework contained in the HSCA 2012, particularly since the publication of the 5YFV, is not clear. Better guidance should be issued by the regulatory authorities.
28183806	0	13	Commissioning	T097	C0027363
28183806	22	33	competition	T054	C0679932
28183806	38	49	cooperation	T054	C0392337
28183806	57	64	English	T098	C1556083
28183806	65	68	NHS	T058	C0027462
28183806	79	110	Health and Social Care Act 2012	T058	C1254363
28183806	128	145	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28183806	154	183	clinical commissioning groups	T097	C0027363
28183806	188	219	Health and Social Care Act 2012	T058	C1254363
28183806	223	232	HSCA 2012	T058	C1254363
28183806	273	283	regulation	T064	C0851285
28183806	287	298	competition	T054	C0679932
28183806	308	331	National Health Service	T058	C0027462
28183806	333	336	NHS	T058	C0027462
28183806	379	390	cooperation	T054	C0392337
28183806	406	409	NHS	T058	C0027462
28183806	410	435	England's policy document	T170	C0282574
28183806	441	463	Five Year Forward View	T170	C0282574
28183806	467	471	5YFV	T170	C0282574
28183806	507	518	competition	T054	C0679932
28183806	540	551	legislation	T170	C0600657
28183806	569	582	commissioners	T062	C0949415
28183806	587	596	providers	T169	C1138603
28183806	612	619	complex	T080	C0439855
28183806	620	640	regulatory framework	T089	C0220905
28183806	677	688	competition	T054	C0679932
28183806	693	704	cooperation	T054	C0392337
28183806	730	742	case studies	T170	C0085973
28183806	751	780	clinical commissioning groups	T097	C0027363
28183806	788	798	interviews	T052	C0021822
28183806	803	823	documentary analysis	T062	C0936012
28183806	839	852	commissioners	T062	C0949415
28183806	859	868	providers	T169	C1138603
28183806	903	914	competition	T054	C0679932
28183806	919	930	cooperation	T054	C0392337
28183806	948	958	interviews	T052	C0021822
28183806	964	979	senior managers	T097	C0335141
28183806	983	996	commissioning	T097	C0027363
28183806	997	1010	organisations	T094	C0033282
28183806	1015	1030	senior managers	T097	C0335141
28183806	1034	1037	NHS	T058	C0027462
28183806	1042	1076	independent provider organisations	T093	C1273814
28183806	1078	1106	acute and community services	T095	C0009482
28183806	1117	1130	commissioners	T062	C0949415
28183806	1135	1144	providers	T169	C1138603
28183806	1166	1183	regulatory regime	T089	C0220905
28183806	1198	1209	competition	T054	C0679932
28183806	1217	1220	NHS	T058	C0027462
28183806	1250	1272	regulatory authorities	T089	C0220905
28183806	1296	1304	guidance	T065	C0237645
28183806	1318	1327	HSCA 2012	T058	C1254363
28183806	1328	1337	promoting	T052	C0033414
28183806	1338	1349	competition	T054	C0679932
28183806	1351	1364	commissioners	T062	C0949415
28183806	1385	1409	collaborative strategies	T062	C0681804
28183806	1426	1433	service	T057	C0557854
28183806	1496	1505	providers	T169	C1138603
28183806	1521	1534	commissioners	T062	C0949415
28183806	1545	1556	competitive	T054	C0679932
28183806	1586	1605	peripheral services	T057	C0557854
28183806	1626	1641	quality of care	T058	C0034379
28183806	1646	1661	value for money	T078	C1548312
28183806	1663	1676	Commissioners	T062	C0949415
28183806	1695	1706	competition	T054	C0679932
28183806	1711	1722	cooperation	T054	C0392337
28183806	1745	1748	NHS	T058	C0027462
28183806	1769	1793	collaborative strategies	T062	C0681804
28183806	1828	1847	large-scale changes	UnknownType	C0814860
28183806	1870	1890	regulatory framework	T089	C0220905
28183806	1908	1917	HSCA 2012	T058	C1254363
28183806	1942	1953	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
28183806	1961	1965	5YFV	T170	C0282574
28183806	1988	1996	guidance	T065	C0237645
28183806	2021	2043	regulatory authorities	T089	C0220905

28183822|t|DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF PULMONARY ARTERY PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN HORSES
28183822|a|Calcification of the tunica media of the axial pulmonary arteries (PA) has been reported in a large proportion of racehorses. In humans, medial calcification is a significant cause of arterial stiffening and is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac, cerebral and renal microvascular diseases. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) provides a measure of arterial stiffness. This study aimed to develop a technique to determine PA - PWV in horses, and secondarily to investigate a potential association between PA - PWV and arterial fibro-calcification. A dual pressure sensor catheter (PSC) was placed in the main PA of 10 sedated horses. The pressure waves were used to determine PWV along the PA, using the statistical phase offset method. Histological analysis of the PA was performed to investigate the presence of fibro-calcified lesions. The mean (±SD) PWV was 2.3±0.7m/s in the proximal PA trunk and 1.1±0.1m/s further distal (15cm) in a main PA branch. The mean (±SD) of mean arterial pressures in the proximal PA trunk was 30.1±5.2mmHg, and 22.0±6.0mmHg further distal (15cm) within the main PA branch. The mean (±SD) pulse pressure in the proximal PA trunk was 15.0±4.7mmHg, and 13.5±3.3mmHg further distal (15cm) within the main PA branch. Moderate to severe lesions of the tunica media of the PAs were observed in 7 horses, but a correlation with PWV could not be established yet. Pulmonary artery PWV may be determined in standing horses. The technique described may allow further investigation of the effect of calcification of large PAs in the pathogenesis of equine pulmonary circulatory disorders.
28183822	17	26	TECHNIQUE	T169	C0449851
28183822	31	44	DETERMINATION	T059	C1148554
28183822	48	64	PULMONARY ARTERY	T023	C0034052
28183822	65	84	PULSE WAVE VELOCITY	T081	C3494431
28183822	88	94	HORSES	T015	C0019944
28183822	95	108	Calcification	T042	C1533591
28183822	116	128	tunica media	T024	C0162867
28183822	136	160	axial pulmonary arteries	T023	C0034052
28183822	162	164	PA	T023	C0034052
28183822	189	205	large proportion	T081	C1709707
28183822	209	219	racehorses	T008	C1561445
28183822	224	230	humans	T016	C0086418
28183822	232	252	medial calcification	T046	C0333491
28183822	279	298	arterial stiffening	T039	C0599949
28183822	324	336	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28183822	340	347	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28183822	349	357	cerebral	T023	C0006104
28183822	362	367	renal	T023	C0022646
28183822	368	381	microvascular	T169	C0443258
28183822	382	390	diseases	T047	C0012634
28183822	392	411	Pulse wave velocity	T081	C3494431
28183822	413	416	PWV	T081	C3494431
28183822	440	458	arterial stiffness	T039	C0599949
28183822	513	515	PA	T023	C0034052
28183822	518	521	PWV	T081	C3494431
28183822	525	531	horses	T015	C0019944
28183822	596	598	PA	T023	C0034052
28183822	601	604	PWV	T081	C3494431
28183822	609	637	arterial fibro-calcification	T046	C1168153
28183822	641	670	dual pressure sensor catheter	T074	C0581447
28183822	672	675	PSC	T074	C0581447
28183822	695	702	main PA	T023	C0034052
28183822	709	716	sedated	T033	C0235195
28183822	717	723	horses	T015	C0019944
28183822	729	743	pressure waves	T042	C0597324
28183822	767	770	PWV	T081	C3494431
28183822	781	783	PA	T023	C0034052
28183822	795	826	statistical phase offset method	T081	C2825570
28183822	828	849	Histological analysis	UnknownType	C0679557
28183822	857	859	PA	T023	C0034052
28183822	905	928	fibro-calcified lesions	T042	C1533591
28183822	934	938	mean	T081	C0444504
28183822	945	948	PWV	T081	C3494431
28183822	971	988	proximal PA trunk	T023	C2954153
28183822	1004	1018	further distal	T082	C0205108
28183822	1031	1045	main PA branch	T023	C1282007
28183822	1051	1055	mean	T081	C0444504
28183822	1065	1069	mean	T081	C0444504
28183822	1070	1088	arterial pressures	T042	C0232108
28183822	1096	1113	proximal PA trunk	T023	C2954153
28183822	1149	1163	further distal	T082	C0205108
28183822	1182	1196	main PA branch	T023	C1282007
28183822	1202	1206	mean	T081	C0444504
28183822	1213	1227	pulse pressure	T040	C0949236
28183822	1235	1252	proximal PA trunk	T023	C2954153
28183822	1288	1302	further distal	T082	C0205108
28183822	1321	1335	main PA branch	T023	C1282007
28183822	1349	1363	severe lesions	T033	C0221198
28183822	1371	1383	tunica media	T024	C0162867
28183822	1391	1394	PAs	T023	C0034052
28183822	1414	1420	horses	T015	C0019944
28183822	1445	1448	PWV	T081	C3494431
28183822	1479	1495	Pulmonary artery	T023	C0034052
28183822	1496	1499	PWV	T081	C3494431
28183822	1530	1536	horses	T015	C0019944
28183822	1611	1624	calcification	T042	C1533591
28183822	1634	1637	PAs	T023	C0034052
28183822	1645	1667	pathogenesis of equine	T047	C0019940
28183822	1668	1699	pulmonary circulatory disorders	T047	C0178272

28184394|t|Tracing cytotoxic effects of small organic Se species in human liver cells back to total cellular Se and Se metabolites
28184394|a|Small selenium (Se) species play a major role in the metabolism, excretion and dietary supply of the essential trace element selenium. Human cells provide a valuable tool for investigating currently unresolved issues on the cellular mechanisms of Se toxicity and metabolism. In this study, we developed two isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma tandem-mass spectrometry based methods and applied them to human hepatoma cells (HepG2) in order to quantitatively elucidate total cellular Se concentrations and cellular Se species transformations in relation to the cytotoxic effects of four small organic Se species. Species - and incubation time - dependent results were obtained: the two major urinary excretion metabolites trimethylselenonium (TMSe) and methyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-seleno-β-d-galactopyranoside (SeSugar 1) were taken up by the HepG2 cells in an unmodified manner and did not considerably contribute to the Se pool. In contrast, Se-methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys) and selenomethionine (SeMet) were taken up in higher amounts, they were largely incorporated by the cells (most likely into proteins) and metabolized to other small Se species. Two new metabolites of MeSeCys, namely γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine and Se-methylselenoglutathione, were identified by means of HPLC-electrospray-ionization-Orbitrap-MS. They are certainly involved in the (de-)toxification modes of Se metabolism and require further investigation.
28184394	8	17	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
28184394	18	28	effects of	T080	C1704420
28184394	35	42	organic	T080	C0747055
28184394	43	53	Se species	T121,T197	C3536924
28184394	57	62	human	T016	C0086418
28184394	63	74	liver cells	T025	C0227525
28184394	89	97	cellular	T025	C0007634
28184394	98	100	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
28184394	105	107	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
28184394	108	119	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28184394	126	134	selenium	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
28184394	136	138	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
28184394	173	183	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28184394	185	194	excretion	T039	C0221102
28184394	199	213	dietary supply	T168	C0242295
28184394	221	230	essential	T080	C0205224
28184394	231	244	trace element	T123,T196	C0040577
28184394	245	253	selenium	T196	C2348282
28184394	255	260	Human	T016	C0086418
28184394	261	266	cells	T025	C0007634
28184394	295	308	investigating	T169	C1292732
28184394	319	329	unresolved	T080	C0443342
28184394	330	336	issues	T033	C0033213
28184394	344	352	cellular	T025	C0007634
28184394	353	363	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28184394	367	369	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
28184394	370	378	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28184394	383	393	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28184394	427	443	isotope dilution	T059	C3826096
28184394	444	495	inductively coupled plasma tandem-mass spectrometry	T059	C1553183
28184394	514	521	applied	T169	C4048755
28184394	530	535	human	T016	C0086418
28184394	536	550	hepatoma cells	T025	C0677626
28184394	552	557	HepG2	T025	C0677626
28184394	571	585	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
28184394	602	610	cellular	T025	C0007634
28184394	611	613	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
28184394	614	628	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28184394	633	641	cellular	T025	C0007634
28184394	642	652	Se species	T121,T197	C3536924
28184394	653	668	transformations	T169	C0205245
28184394	688	697	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
28184394	698	708	effects of	T080	C1704420
28184394	720	727	organic	T080	C0747055
28184394	728	738	Se species	T121,T197	C3536924
28184394	740	747	Species	T121,T197	C3536924
28184394	754	769	incubation time	T033	C1320226
28184394	772	781	dependent	T080	C0851827
28184394	782	789	results	T169	C1274040
28184394	795	803	obtained	T169	C1301820
28184394	819	836	urinary excretion	T039	C0221102
28184394	837	848	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28184394	849	868	trimethylselenonium	T109,T121	C0077197
28184394	870	874	TMSe	T109,T121	C0077197
28184394	880	937	methyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-seleno-β-d-galactopyranoside	T123	C0574031
28184394	939	948	SeSugar 1	T123	C0574031
28184394	971	982	HepG2 cells	T025	C0677626
28184394	1050	1052	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
28184394	1053	1057	pool	T169	C2349200
28184394	1072	1095	Se-methylselenocysteine	T109,T121	C0074299
28184394	1097	1104	MeSeCys	T109,T121	C0074299
28184394	1110	1126	selenomethionine	T116,T121	C0036584
28184394	1128	1133	SeMet	T116,T121	C0036584
28184394	1152	1166	higher amounts	T081	C1265611
28184394	1206	1211	cells	T025	C0007634
28184394	1230	1238	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28184394	1244	1255	metabolized	T043	C1524026
28184394	1271	1281	Se species	T121,T197	C3536924
28184394	1291	1302	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28184394	1306	1313	MeSeCys	T109,T121	C0074299
28184394	1322	1356	γ-glutamyl-Se-methylselenocysteine	T109,T121	C0965784
28184394	1361	1387	Se-methylselenoglutathione	T123	C0574031
28184394	1394	1404	identified	T080	C0205396
28184394	1417	1457	HPLC-electrospray-ionization-Orbitrap-MS	T059	C0596495
28184394	1478	1486	involved	T169	C1314939
28184394	1494	1511	(de-)toxification	T040	C3825974
28184394	1521	1523	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
28184394	1524	1534	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28184394	1555	1568	investigation	T169	C1292732

28185777|t|Survivorship and patient satisfaction of robotic-assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty at a minimum two-year follow-up
28185777|a|Successful clinical outcomes following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) depend on lower limb alignment, soft tissue balance and component positioning, which can be difficult to control using manual instrumentation. Although robotic-assisted surgery more reliably controls these surgical factors, studies assessing outcomes of robotic-assisted UKA are lacking. Therefore, a prospective multicenter study was performed to assess outcomes of robotic-assisted UKA. A total of 1007 consecutive patients (1135 knees) underwent robotic-assisted medial UKA surgery from six surgeons at separate institutions between March 2009 and December 2011. All patients received a fixed-bearing metal-backed onlay implant as tibial component. Each patient was contacted at minimum two-year follow-up and asked a series of five questions to determine survivorship and patient satisfaction. Worst - case scenario analysis was performed whereby all patients were considered as revision when they declined participation in the study. Data was collected for 797 patients (909 knees) with average follow-up of 29.6months (range: 22-52months). At 2.5-years of follow-up, 11 knees were reported as revised, which resulted in a survivorship of 98.8%. Thirty-five patients declined participation in the study yielding a worst - case survivorship of 96.0%. Of all patients without revision, 92% was either very satisfied or satisfied with their knee function. In this multicenter study, robotic-assisted UKA was found to have high survivorship and satisfaction rate at short-term follow-up. Prospective comparison studies with longer follow-up are necessary in order to compare survivorship and satisfaction rates of robotic-assisted UKA to conventional UKA and total knee arthroplasty.
28185777	0	12	Survivorship	T079	C0038955
28185777	17	37	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
28185777	41	57	robotic-assisted	T033	C3844190
28185777	58	64	medial	T082	C0205098
28185777	65	99	unicompartmental knee arthroplasty	T061	C0408416
28185777	105	112	minimum	T080	C1524031
28185777	113	121	two-year	T079	C0439234
28185777	122	131	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28185777	132	142	Successful	T080	C1272703
28185777	143	160	clinical outcomes	T033	C1333602
28185777	171	205	unicompartmental knee arthroplasty	T061	C0408416
28185777	207	210	UKA	T061	C0408416
28185777	222	232	lower limb	T023	C0023216
28185777	233	242	alignment	T081	C1706765
28185777	244	255	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28185777	256	263	balance	T040	C0014653
28185777	268	277	component	T073	C0449432
28185777	278	289	positioning	T082	C0733755
28185777	304	313	difficult	T080	C0332218
28185777	317	324	control	T080	C0243148
28185777	331	337	manual	T169	C0175674
28185777	338	353	instrumentation	T081	C1704339
28185777	364	380	robotic-assisted	T033	C3844190
28185777	381	388	surgery	T061	C0543467
28185777	403	411	controls	T169	C2587213
28185777	418	426	surgical	T061	C0543467
28185777	427	434	factors	T169	C1521761
28185777	436	443	studies	T062	C2603343
28185777	454	462	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28185777	466	482	robotic-assisted	T033	C3844190
28185777	483	486	UKA	T061	C0408416
28185777	491	498	lacking	T080	C0332268
28185777	525	542	multicenter study	T062	C1096776
28185777	547	556	performed	T169	C0884358
28185777	560	566	assess	T052	C1516048
28185777	567	575	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28185777	579	595	robotic-assisted	T033	C3844190
28185777	596	599	UKA	T061	C0408416
28185777	617	628	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28185777	629	637	patients	T101	C0030705
28185777	644	649	knees	T023	C0022742
28185777	661	677	robotic-assisted	T033	C3844190
28185777	685	688	UKA	T061	C0408416
28185777	689	696	surgery	T061	C0543467
28185777	706	714	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28185777	727	739	institutions	T078	C1272753
28185777	782	790	patients	T101	C0030705
28185777	791	799	received	T080	C1514756
28185777	802	842	fixed-bearing metal-backed onlay implant	T074	C0025080
28185777	846	862	tibial component	T074	C0025080
28185777	869	876	patient	T101	C0030705
28185777	881	890	contacted	T058	C2051440
28185777	902	910	two-year	T079	C0439234
28185777	911	920	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28185777	948	957	questions	T170	C1522634
28185777	971	983	survivorship	T079	C0038955
28185777	988	1008	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
28185777	1010	1015	Worst	T080	C1522166
28185777	1018	1022	case	T169	C0868928
28185777	1023	1031	scenario	T169	C0683579
28185777	1032	1040	analysis	T062	C0936012
28185777	1045	1054	performed	T169	C0884358
28185777	1067	1075	patients	T101	C0030705
28185777	1095	1103	revision	T079	C0439617
28185777	1114	1122	declined	T052	C1705116
28185777	1123	1136	participation	T169	C0679823
28185777	1144	1149	study	T062	C2603343
28185777	1151	1155	Data	T078	C1511726
28185777	1160	1169	collected	T078	C1516695
28185777	1178	1186	patients	T101	C0030705
28185777	1192	1197	knees	T023	C0022742
28185777	1212	1221	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28185777	1225	1235	29.6months	T079	C0439231
28185777	1237	1242	range	T081	C1514721
28185777	1244	1255	22-52months	T079	C0439231
28185777	1261	1270	2.5-years	T079	C0439234
28185777	1274	1283	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28185777	1288	1293	knees	T023	C0022742
28185777	1299	1307	reported	T058	C0700287
28185777	1311	1318	revised	T061	C1527075
28185777	1326	1334	resulted	T169	C1274040
28185777	1340	1352	survivorship	T079	C0038955
28185777	1375	1383	patients	T101	C0030705
28185777	1384	1392	declined	T052	C1705116
28185777	1393	1406	participation	T169	C0679823
28185777	1414	1419	study	T062	C2603343
28185777	1431	1436	worst	T080	C1522166
28185777	1439	1443	case	T169	C0868928
28185777	1444	1456	survivorship	T079	C0038955
28185777	1474	1482	patients	T101	C0030705
28185777	1491	1499	revision	T079	C0439617
28185777	1521	1530	satisfied	T170	C4084799
28185777	1534	1543	satisfied	T170	C4084799
28185777	1555	1559	knee	T023	C0022742
28185777	1560	1568	function	T169	C0542341
28185777	1578	1595	multicenter study	T062	C1096776
28185777	1597	1613	robotic-assisted	T033	C3844190
28185777	1614	1617	UKA	T061	C0408416
28185777	1641	1653	survivorship	T079	C0038955
28185777	1658	1670	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28185777	1671	1675	rate	T081	C1521828
28185777	1679	1689	short-term	T079	C0443303
28185777	1690	1699	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28185777	1701	1731	Prospective comparison studies	T062	C0033522
28185777	1744	1753	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28185777	1780	1787	compare	T052	C1707455
28185777	1788	1800	survivorship	T079	C0038955
28185777	1805	1817	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28185777	1818	1823	rates	T081	C1521828
28185777	1827	1843	robotic-assisted	T033	C3844190
28185777	1844	1847	UKA	T061	C0408416
28185777	1851	1863	conventional	T080	C0439858
28185777	1864	1867	UKA	T061	C0408416
28185777	1872	1895	total knee arthroplasty	T061	C0086511

28186107|t|Blubber transcriptome response to acute stress axis activation involves transient changes in adipogenesis and lipolysis in a fasting -adapted marine mammal
28186107|a|Stress can compromise an animal's ability to conserve metabolic stores and participate in energy -demanding activities that are critical for fitness. Understanding how wild animals, especially those already experiencing physiological extremes (e.g. fasting), regulate stress responses is critical for evaluating the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on physiology and fitness, key challenges for conservation. However, studies of stress in wildlife are often limited to baseline endocrine measurements and few have investigated stress effects in fasting -adapted species. We examined downstream molecular consequences of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation by exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in blubber of northern elephant seals due to the ease of blubber sampling and its key role in metabolic regulation in marine mammals. We report the first phocid blubber transcriptome produced by RNAseq, containing over 140,000 annotated transcripts, including metabolic and adipocytokine genes of interest. The acute response of blubber to stress axis activation, measured 2 hours after ACTH administration, involved highly specific, transient (lasting <24 hours) induction of gene networks that promote lipolysis and adipogenesis in mammalian adipocytes. Differentially expressed genes included key adipogenesis factors which can be used as blubber -specific markers of acute stress in marine mammals of concern for which sampling of other tissues is not possible.
28186107	0	7	Blubber	T024	C0225324
28186107	8	21	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28186107	34	62	acute stress axis activation	T044	C1148560
28186107	72	81	transient	T079	C0205374
28186107	82	89	changes	T169	C0392747
28186107	93	105	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
28186107	110	119	lipolysis	T040	C0023796
28186107	125	132	fasting	T033	C0015663
28186107	142	155	marine mammal	T015	C0024660
28186107	156	162	Stress	T033	C0038435
28186107	181	189	animal's	T008	C0003062
28186107	190	197	ability	T032	C0085732
28186107	210	219	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28186107	220	226	stores	T169	C1698986
28186107	246	252	energy	T081	C1442080
28186107	264	274	activities	T052	C0441655
28186107	297	304	fitness	T056	C1456706
28186107	324	336	wild animals	T008	C0003070
28186107	376	398	physiological extremes	T033	C0243095
28186107	405	412	fasting	T033	C0015663
28186107	415	423	regulate	T038	C1327622
28186107	424	440	stress responses	T039	C0149784
28186107	472	479	impacts	T080	C4049986
28186107	512	522	physiology	T039	C0031843
28186107	527	534	fitness	T056	C1456706
28186107	555	567	conservation	T080	C2347858
28186107	589	595	stress	T033	C0038435
28186107	599	607	wildlife	T008	C0003070
28186107	629	660	baseline endocrine measurements	T059	C0022885
28186107	687	693	stress	T033	C0038435
28186107	694	701	effects	T080	C1280500
28186107	705	712	fasting	T033	C0015663
28186107	722	729	species	T185	C1705920
28186107	743	776	downstream molecular consequences	T059	C0022885
28186107	780	821	hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis	T022	C0597719
28186107	822	832	activation	T044	C1148560
28186107	836	845	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28186107	846	873	adrenocorticotropic hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0001655
28186107	875	879	ACTH	T116,T121,T125	C0001655
28186107	884	891	blubber	T024	C0225324
28186107	895	903	northern	T082	C1709269
28186107	904	918	elephant seals	T015	C1265526
28186107	938	945	blubber	T024	C0225324
28186107	946	954	sampling	T078	C0870078
28186107	967	971	role	T077	C1705810
28186107	975	995	metabolic regulation	T169	C0518894
28186107	999	1013	marine mammals	T015	C0024660
28186107	1035	1041	phocid	T015	C0325125
28186107	1042	1049	blubber	T024	C0225324
28186107	1050	1063	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28186107	1076	1082	RNAseq	T059,T063	C0917793
28186107	1118	1129	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28186107	1141	1150	metabolic	T028	C0017337
28186107	1155	1174	adipocytokine genes	T028	C0017337
28186107	1192	1197	acute	T079	C0205178
28186107	1198	1206	response	T169	C0205245
28186107	1210	1217	blubber	T024	C0225324
28186107	1221	1243	stress axis activation	T044	C1148560
28186107	1268	1272	ACTH	T116,T121,T125	C0001655
28186107	1273	1287	administration	T061	C0199780
28186107	1305	1313	specific	T080	C0205369
28186107	1315	1324	transient	T079	C0205374
28186107	1345	1354	induction	T169	C0205263
28186107	1358	1371	gene networks	T044	C1720950
28186107	1385	1394	lipolysis	T040	C0023796
28186107	1399	1411	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
28186107	1415	1424	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28186107	1425	1435	adipocytes	T025	C0206131
28186107	1452	1461	expressed	T045	C0017262
28186107	1462	1467	genes	T028	C0017337
28186107	1481	1493	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
28186107	1494	1501	factors	T169	C1521761
28186107	1523	1530	blubber	T024	C0225324
28186107	1541	1548	markers	T201	C0005516
28186107	1552	1557	acute	T079	C0205178
28186107	1558	1564	stress	T033	C0038435
28186107	1568	1582	marine mammals	T015	C0024660
28186107	1604	1612	sampling	T078	C0870078
28186107	1622	1629	tissues	T024	C0040300

28186384|t|Women's perspectives on human papillomavirus self-sampling in the context of the UK cervical screening programme
28186384|a|Testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) is being incorporated into the cervical screening programme, with the probable future introduction of HPV as a primary test and a possibility of HPV self-sampling. In anticipation of this development, we sought to inform future policy and practice by identifying potential barriers to HPV self-sampling. A cross-sectional survey of 194 women aged 20-64 years was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of self-sampling intentions. A purposive subsample of 19 women who reported low self-sampling intentions were interviewed. Interviews were framework-analysed. Most survey participants (N=133, 69.3%) intended to HPV self-sample. Lower intention was associated with lower self-efficacy (OR=24.96, P≤.001), lower education (OR=6.06, P≤.05) and lower perceived importance of HPV as a cause of cervical cancer (OR=2.33, P≤.05). Interviews revealed personal and system-related barriers. Personal barriers included a lack of knowledge about HPV self-sampling, women's low confidence in their ability to self-sample correctly and low confidence in the subsequent results. System-related factors included a lack of confidence in the rationale for modifying the current cervical screening programme, and concerns about sample contamination and identity theft. Insights gained from this research can be used to guide further enquiry into the possibility of HPV self-sampling and to help inform future policy and practice. Personal and system-related barriers including low confidence in the reasons for changing current cervical screening provision need to be addressed, should HPV self-sampling be incorporated into the cervical screening programme.
28186384	0	7	Women's	T098	C0043210
28186384	24	44	human papillomavirus	T005	C0021344
28186384	45	58	self-sampling	T060	C0080142
28186384	81	83	UK	T083	C0041700
28186384	84	92	cervical	T023	C0007874
28186384	93	112	screening programme	T058	C1254363
28186384	113	120	Testing	T169	C0039593
28186384	125	145	human papillomavirus	T005	C0021344
28186384	147	150	HPV	T005	C0021344
28186384	183	191	cervical	T023	C0007874
28186384	192	211	screening programme	T058	C1254363
28186384	254	257	HPV	T005	C0021344
28186384	297	300	HPV	T005	C0021344
28186384	301	314	self-sampling	T060	C0080142
28186384	380	386	policy	T170	C0242456
28186384	391	399	practice	T041	C0237607
28186384	415	424	potential	T080	C3245505
28186384	425	433	barriers	T033	C4296486
28186384	437	440	HPV	T005	C0021344
28186384	441	454	self-sampling	T060	C0080142
28186384	458	480	cross-sectional survey	T062	C0010362
28186384	488	493	women	T098	C0043210
28186384	526	554	Logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28186384	576	588	determinants	T169	C1521761
28186384	592	605	self-sampling	T060	C0080142
28186384	646	651	women	T098	C0043210
28186384	669	682	self-sampling	T060	C0080142
28186384	712	722	Interviews	T052	C0021822
28186384	753	759	survey	T170	C0038951
28186384	760	772	participants	T098	C0679646
28186384	800	803	HPV	T005	C0021344
28186384	817	822	Lower	T080	C0205556
28186384	823	832	intention	T041	C0162425
28186384	837	852	associated with	T080	C0332281
28186384	853	858	lower	T080	C0205556
28186384	893	898	lower	T080	C0205556
28186384	899	908	education	T065	C0013621
28186384	930	935	lower	T080	C0205556
28186384	936	945	perceived	T041	C0030971
28186384	960	963	HPV	T005	C0021344
28186384	978	993	cervical cancer	T191	C0302592
28186384	1012	1022	Interviews	T052	C0021822
28186384	1032	1040	personal	T032	C1519021
28186384	1060	1068	barriers	T033	C4296486
28186384	1070	1078	Personal	T032	C1519021
28186384	1079	1087	barriers	T033	C4296486
28186384	1107	1116	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28186384	1123	1126	HPV	T005	C0021344
28186384	1127	1140	self-sampling	T060	C0080142
28186384	1142	1149	women's	T098	C0043210
28186384	1150	1164	low confidence	T033	C0558092
28186384	1211	1225	low confidence	T033	C0558092
28186384	1287	1305	lack of confidence	T033	C0558092
28186384	1349	1357	cervical	T023	C0007874
28186384	1358	1377	screening programme	T058	C1254363
28186384	1398	1404	sample	T167	C0370003
28186384	1405	1418	contamination	T078	C2349974
28186384	1423	1437	identity theft	T054	C3658363
28186384	1465	1473	research	T062	C0035168
28186384	1535	1538	HPV	T005	C0021344
28186384	1539	1552	self-sampling	T060	C0080142
28186384	1579	1585	policy	T170	C0242456
28186384	1590	1598	practice	T041	C0237607
28186384	1600	1608	Personal	T032	C1519021
28186384	1613	1636	system-related barriers	T033	C0243095
28186384	1647	1661	low confidence	T033	C0558092
28186384	1698	1706	cervical	T023	C0007874
28186384	1707	1716	screening	T058	C1710032
28186384	1756	1759	HPV	T005	C0021344
28186384	1760	1773	self-sampling	T060	C0080142
28186384	1799	1807	cervical	T023	C0007874
28186384	1808	1827	screening programme	T058	C1254363

28186729|t|N-Terminal Hypothesis for Alzheimer's Disease
28186729|a|Although the amyloid (abeta peptide, Aβ) hypothesis is 25 years old, is the dominant model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, and guides the development of potential treatments, it is still controversial. One possible reason is a lack of a mechanistic path from the cleavage products of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) such as soluble Aβ monomer and soluble molecular fragments to the deleterious effects on synaptic form and function. From a review of the recent literature and our own published work including aggregation kinetics and structural morphology, Aβ clearance, molecular simulations, long-term potentiation measurements with inhibition binding, and the binding of a commercial monoclonal antibody, aducanumab, we hypothesize that the N-terminal domains of neurotoxic Aβ oligomers are implicated in causing the disease.
28186729	0	10	N-Terminal	T087	C1706793
28186729	11	21	Hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28186729	26	45	Alzheimer's Disease	T047	C0002395
28186729	59	66	amyloid	T116,T123	C0002716
28186729	68	81	abeta peptide	T116	C0078939
28186729	83	85	Aβ	T116	C0078939
28186729	87	97	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28186729	104	109	years	T079	C0439234
28186729	122	130	dominant	T169	C1527180
28186729	131	136	model	T170	C3161035
28186729	140	159	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28186729	161	163	AD	T047	C0002395
28186729	165	177	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28186729	194	205	development	T169	C1527148
28186729	219	229	treatments	T061	C0087111
28186729	243	256	controversial	T054	C0680243
28186729	283	287	lack	T080	C0332268
28186729	293	309	mechanistic path	T169	C0441712
28186729	319	336	cleavage products	T167	C0439861
28186729	344	369	amyloid precursor protein	T116	C0085151
28186729	371	374	APP	T116	C0085151
28186729	384	391	soluble	T080	C1948047
28186729	392	402	Aβ monomer	T116	C3484390
28186729	415	424	molecular	T080	C1521991
28186729	425	434	fragments	T169	C0332255
28186729	442	461	deleterious effects	T080	C1280500
28186729	465	478	synaptic form	T042	C0597545
28186729	483	491	function	T169	C0542341
28186729	500	509	review of	T169	C0699752
28186729	521	531	literature	T170	C0023866
28186729	544	558	published work	T073,T170	C0034036
28186729	569	589	aggregation kinetics	T070	C0022702
28186729	594	604	structural	T082	C0678594
28186729	605	615	morphology	T080	C0332437
28186729	617	619	Aβ	T116	C0078939
28186729	620	629	clearance	T080	C0449297
28186729	631	640	molecular	T080	C1521991
28186729	641	652	simulations	T062	C0679083
28186729	654	676	long-term potentiation	T042	C0206249
28186729	677	689	measurements	T169	C0242485
28186729	695	713	inhibition binding	T044	C2259198
28186729	723	730	binding	T044	C1167622
28186729	747	766	monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
28186729	768	778	aducanumab	T129	C4043101
28186729	783	794	hypothesize	T078	C1512571
28186729	804	822	N-terminal domains	T087	C1706793
28186729	826	836	neurotoxic	T131	C0260049
28186729	837	849	Aβ oligomers	T116	C0078939
28186729	868	875	causing	T169	C0678227
28186729	880	887	disease	T047	C0012634

28186998|t|Somatic molecular subtyping of prostate tumors from HOXB13 G84E carriers
28186998|a|A recurrent germline mutation (G84E) in the HOXB13 gene is associated with early onset and family history -positive prostate cancer in patients of European descent, occurring in up to 5% of prostate cancer families. To date, the molecular features of prostate tumors occurring in HOXB13 G84E carriers have not been studied in a large cohort of patients. We identified 101 heterozygous carriers of G84E who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer between 1985 and 2011 and matched these men by race, age and tumor grade to 99 HOXB13 wild-type controls. Immunostaining for HOXB13, PTEN, ERG, p53 and SPINK1 as well as RNA in situ hybridization for ETV1 / 4 / 5 were performed using genetically validated assays. Tumors from G84E carriers generally expressed HOXB13 protein at a level comparable to benign and wild-type glands. ETS gene expression (either ERG or ETV1 / 4 / 5) was seen in 36% (36/101) of tumors from G84E carriers compared to 68% (65/96) of the controls (p < 0.0001). PTEN was lost in 11% (11/101) of G84E carriers compared to 25% (25/99) of the controls (p = 0.014). PTEN loss was enriched among ERG - positive compared to ERG - negative tumors in both groups of patients. Nuclear accumulation of the p53 protein, indicative of underlying TP53 missense mutations, was uncommon in both groups, occurring in 1% (1/101) of the G84E carriers versus 2% (2/92) of the controls (p = NS). Taken together, these data suggest that genes other than ERG and PTEN may drive carcinogenesis / progression in the majority of men with germline HOXB13 mutations.
28186998	0	7	Somatic	T080	C2986476
28186998	8	27	molecular subtyping	T059	C0022885
28186998	31	46	prostate tumors	T191	C0033578
28186998	52	58	HOXB13	T028	C1415664
28186998	59	72	G84E carriers	T045	C0206530
28186998	85	109	germline mutation (G84E)	T045	C0206530
28186998	117	128	HOXB13 gene	T028	C1415664
28186998	148	159	early onset	T033	C1833334
28186998	164	178	family history	T033	C0241889
28186998	189	204	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28186998	208	216	patients	T101	C0030705
28186998	220	236	European descent	T098	C1535514
28186998	263	278	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28186998	279	287	families	T099	C0015576
28186998	302	320	molecular features	T085	C0026383
28186998	324	339	prostate tumors	T191	C0033578
28186998	353	359	HOXB13	T028	C1415664
28186998	360	373	G84E carriers	T045	C0206530
28186998	417	425	patients	T101	C0030705
28186998	445	474	heterozygous carriers of G84E	T045	C0206530
28186998	489	510	radical prostatectomy	T061	C0194810
28186998	515	530	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28186998	578	582	race	T098	C0034510
28186998	584	587	age	T032	C0001779
28186998	592	603	tumor grade	T191	C0027651
28186998	610	616	HOXB13	T028	C1415664
28186998	617	626	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28186998	627	635	controls	T096	C0009932
28186998	637	651	Immunostaining	T059	C0022885
28186998	656	662	HOXB13	T116,T123	C1436058
28186998	664	668	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
28186998	670	673	ERG	T116,T123	C0295291
28186998	675	678	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28186998	683	689	SPINK1	T116,T123	C1452174
28186998	701	704	RNA	T114	C0035668
28186998	705	726	in situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
28186998	731	735	ETV1	T028	C1333361
28186998	738	739	4	T028	C1333362
28186998	742	743	5	T028	C1414477
28186998	765	793	genetically validated assays	T059	C0005507
28186998	795	801	Tumors	T191	C0027651
28186998	807	820	G84E carriers	T045	C0206530
28186998	831	840	expressed	T045	C1171362
28186998	841	855	HOXB13 protein	T116,T123	C1436058
28186998	892	901	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28186998	910	913	ETS	T028	C0812380
28186998	914	929	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28186998	938	941	ERG	T028	C0599295
28186998	945	949	ETV1	T028	C1333361
28186998	952	953	4	T028	C1333362
28186998	956	957	5	T028	C1414477
28186998	987	993	tumors	T191	C0027651
28186998	999	1012	G84E carriers	T045	C0206530
28186998	1044	1052	controls	T096	C0009932
28186998	1067	1071	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
28186998	1076	1080	lost	T169	C0745777
28186998	1100	1113	G84E carriers	T045	C0206530
28186998	1145	1153	controls	T096	C0009932
28186998	1167	1171	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
28186998	1172	1176	loss	T081	C1517945
28186998	1196	1199	ERG	T116,T123	C0295291
28186998	1202	1210	positive	T033	C1446409
28186998	1223	1226	ERG	T116,T123	C0295291
28186998	1229	1237	negative	T033	C0205160
28186998	1238	1244	tumors	T191	C0027651
28186998	1253	1259	groups	T096	C0009932
28186998	1263	1271	patients	T101	C0030705
28186998	1273	1293	Nuclear accumulation	UnknownType	C0544910
28186998	1301	1312	p53 protein	T116,T123	C0080055
28186998	1339	1343	TP53	T028	C0079419
28186998	1344	1362	missense mutations	T045	C0599155
28186998	1385	1391	groups	T096	C0009932
28186998	1424	1437	G84E carriers	T045	C0206530
28186998	1462	1470	controls	T096	C0009932
28186998	1503	1507	data	T078	C1511726
28186998	1521	1526	genes	T028	C0017337
28186998	1538	1541	ERG	T028	C0599295
28186998	1546	1550	PTEN	T028	C0694888
28186998	1561	1575	carcinogenesis	T191	C0596263
28186998	1578	1589	progression	T169	C0449258
28186998	1609	1612	men	T098	C0025266
28186998	1618	1643	germline HOXB13 mutations	T045	C0206530

28187247|t|Prevalence and correlates of antibiotic sharing in the Philippines: antibiotic misconceptions and community - level access to non-medical sources of antibiotics
28187247|a|To identify sociodemographic, knowledge and attitudinal correlates to antibiotic sharing among a community-based sample of adults (age 18 and older) in a low-income setting of the Philippines and to explore community - level data on informal antibiotic distribution in roadside stands (i.e., sari-sari stands). Participants (n = 307) completed self-administered surveys. Correlates to antibiotic sharing were assessed using logistic regression with Firth's bias-adjusted estimate s. Study staff also visited 106 roadside stands and collected data on availability and characteristics of antibiotics in the stands. 78% had shared antibiotics in their lifetime, most often with family members. In multivariable analysis, agreement with the belief that it is safe to prematurely stop an antibiotic course (OR: 2.8, CI: 1.3-5.8) and concerns about antibiotic side effects (OR: 2.1, CI: 1.1-4.4) were significantly associated with increased odds of reported antibiotic sharing. Antibiotic sharing was not associated with sociodemographic characteristics or antibiotic knowledge. Antibiotics were widely available in 60% of sampled sari-sari stands, in which 59% of antibiotics were missing expiration dates. Amoxicillin and cephalexin were the most commonly available antibiotics for sale at the stands (60% and 21%, respectively). Antibiotic sharing was common and was associated with misconceptions about proper antibiotic use. Antibiotics were widely available in sari-sari stands, and usually without expiration information. This study suggests that multipronged and locally tailored approaches to curbing informal antibiotic access are needed in the Philippines and similar Southeast-Asian countries.
28187247	0	10	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
28187247	15	25	correlates	T080	C1707520
28187247	29	39	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	40	47	sharing	T054	C0237876
28187247	55	66	Philippines	T083	C0031529
28187247	68	78	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	79	93	misconceptions	T041	C2717766
28187247	98	107	community	T096	C0009462
28187247	110	115	level	T080	C0441889
28187247	126	137	non-medical	T056	C0598464
28187247	138	145	sources	T033	C0449416
28187247	149	160	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28187247	173	189	sociodemographic	T078	C0011292
28187247	191	200	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28187247	205	216	attitudinal	T041	C0004271
28187247	217	227	correlates	T080	C1707520
28187247	231	241	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	242	249	sharing	T054	C0237876
28187247	258	280	community-based sample	T081	C1709598
28187247	284	290	adults	T100	C0001675
28187247	315	333	low-income setting	T033	C1331016
28187247	341	352	Philippines	T083	C0031529
28187247	368	377	community	T096	C0009462
28187247	380	385	level	T080	C0441889
28187247	386	390	data	T078	C1511726
28187247	394	402	informal	T033	C0243095
28187247	403	413	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	414	426	distribution	T057	C0024826
28187247	430	445	roadside stands	T082	C1254362
28187247	453	469	sari-sari stands	T082	C1254362
28187247	472	484	Participants	T098	C0679646
28187247	495	504	completed	T080	C0205197
28187247	505	522	self-administered	T169	C1519231
28187247	523	530	surveys	T170	C0038951
28187247	532	542	Correlates	T080	C1707520
28187247	546	556	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	557	564	sharing	T054	C0237876
28187247	570	578	assessed	T052	C1516048
28187247	585	604	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28187247	610	640	Firth's bias-adjusted estimate	T170	C0282574
28187247	650	655	staff	T097	C0851286
28187247	673	688	roadside stands	T082	C1254362
28187247	693	707	collected data	T033	C4019276
28187247	711	723	availability	T169	C0470187
28187247	747	758	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28187247	766	772	stands	T082	C1254362
28187247	782	788	shared	T054	C0237876
28187247	789	800	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28187247	810	818	lifetime	T079	C4071830
28187247	825	830	often	T079	C0332183
28187247	836	850	family members	T099	C0086282
28187247	855	877	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28187247	879	888	agreement	T054	C0680240
28187247	898	904	belief	T078	C0004951
28187247	924	935	prematurely	T079	C1254367
28187247	936	940	stop	T052	C1947925
28187247	944	954	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	955	961	course	T079	C0750729
28187247	963	965	OR	T081	C0028873
28187247	989	997	concerns	T078	C2699424
28187247	1004	1027	antibiotic side effects	T037	C0850107
28187247	1029	1031	OR	T081	C0028873
28187247	1070	1085	associated with	T080	C0332281
28187247	1086	1095	increased	T081	C0205217
28187247	1113	1123	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	1124	1131	sharing	T054	C0237876
28187247	1133	1143	Antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	1144	1151	sharing	T054	C0237876
28187247	1160	1175	associated with	T080	C0332281
28187247	1176	1208	sociodemographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28187247	1212	1222	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	1223	1232	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28187247	1234	1245	Antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28187247	1258	1267	available	T169	C0470187
28187247	1286	1302	sari-sari stands	T082	C1254362
28187247	1320	1331	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28187247	1337	1361	missing expiration dates	T033	C2609381
28187247	1363	1374	Amoxicillin	T109,T195	C0002645
28187247	1379	1389	cephalexin	T109,T195	C0007716
28187247	1404	1412	commonly	T081	C0205214
28187247	1413	1422	available	T169	C0470187
28187247	1423	1434	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28187247	1451	1457	stands	T082	C1254362
28187247	1487	1497	Antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	1498	1505	sharing	T054	C0237876
28187247	1510	1516	common	T081	C0205214
28187247	1525	1540	associated with	T080	C0332281
28187247	1541	1555	misconceptions	T041	C2717766
28187247	1569	1579	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	1585	1596	Antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28187247	1609	1618	available	T169	C0470187
28187247	1622	1638	sari-sari stands	T082	C1254362
28187247	1652	1659	without	T080	C0332288
28187247	1660	1682	expiration information	T170	C3669020
28187247	1757	1764	curbing	T169	C2587213
28187247	1765	1773	informal	T033	C0243095
28187247	1774	1784	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28187247	1810	1821	Philippines	T083	C0031529
28187247	1834	1859	Southeast-Asian countries	T083	C0454709

28187389|t|Atmospheric wet deposition of dissolved trace elements to Jiaozhou Bay, North China: Fluxes, sources and potential effects on aquatic environments
28187389|a|To analyze the fluxes, seasonal variations, sources and potential ecological effects of dissolved trace elements (TEs) in atmospheric wet deposition (AWD), one-year wet precipitation samples were collected and determined for nine TEs in Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) between June 2015 and May 2016. Both the volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentration and flux sequence for the measured TEs was Al > Mn > Zn > Fe > Pb > Se > Cr > Cd > Co. Al was the most abundant TE with a VWM concentration and wet flux of 33.8 μg L(-1) and 29.2 mg m(-2) yr(-1), which were 2 and 3 orders of magnitude higher than those of Co, respectively. The emission intensities of pollutants, rainfall amount and wind speed were the dominating factors influencing seasonal variations of TEs in AWD. Based on enrichment factors, correlation analysis and principal component analysis, most of the TEs in AWD were primarily originated from anthropogenic activities except for Al and Fe, which are typically derived from re-suspended soil dusts. Although the TE inputs by AWD were significantly lower than those by rivers, the TE inputs via short-term heavy rains would distinctly increase surface seawater TE concentrations and then pollute the marine environment of JZB. AWD would have both profound impacts on the biogeochemical cycles of TEs and dual ecological effects (nutrient and toxicity) on aquatic organisms.
28187389	0	26	Atmospheric wet deposition	T070	C2584299
28187389	30	39	dissolved	T080	C1948047
28187389	40	54	trace elements	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	58	83	Jiaozhou Bay, North China	T083	C0008115
28187389	85	91	Fluxes	T069	C0598384
28187389	93	100	sources	T033	C0449416
28187389	105	114	potential	T080	C3245505
28187389	115	122	effects	T080	C1280500
28187389	126	146	aquatic environments	T067	C0563034
28187389	150	157	analyze	T062	C0936012
28187389	162	168	fluxes	T069	C0598384
28187389	170	189	seasonal variations	T079	C0036496
28187389	191	198	sources	T033	C0449416
28187389	203	212	potential	T080	C3245505
28187389	213	223	ecological	T070	C0162358
28187389	224	231	effects	T080	C1280500
28187389	235	244	dissolved	T080	C1948047
28187389	245	259	trace elements	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	261	264	TEs	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	269	295	atmospheric wet deposition	T070	C2584299
28187389	297	300	AWD	T070	C2584299
28187389	312	329	wet precipitation	T070	C2584299
28187389	330	337	samples	T167	C0370003
28187389	343	352	collected	T169	C1516698
28187389	357	367	determined	T080	C0521095
28187389	377	380	TEs	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	384	396	Jiaozhou Bay	T083	C0008115
28187389	398	401	JZB	T083	C0008115
28187389	444	459	volume-weighted	T059	C2700258
28187389	460	464	mean	T081	C0444504
28187389	466	469	VWM	T081	C0444504
28187389	471	484	concentration	T081	C1446561
28187389	489	493	flux	T069	C0598384
28187389	494	502	sequence	T169	C1519249
28187389	511	519	measured	T080	C0444706
28187389	520	523	TEs	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	528	530	Al	T196	C0002367
28187389	533	535	Mn	T123,T196	C0024706
28187389	538	540	Zn	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28187389	543	545	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28187389	548	550	Pb	T131,T196	C0023175
28187389	553	555	Se	T121,T123,T196	C0036581
28187389	558	560	Cr	T131,T196	C0008574
28187389	563	565	Cd	T131,T196	C0006632
28187389	568	570	Co	T123,T196	C0009148
28187389	572	574	Al	T196	C0002367
28187389	583	587	most	T081	C0205393
28187389	588	596	abundant	T080	C2346714
28187389	597	599	TE	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	607	610	VWM	T081	C0444504
28187389	611	624	concentration	T081	C1446561
28187389	629	637	wet flux	T069	C0598384
28187389	700	706	orders	T070	C1373200
28187389	710	719	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28187389	720	726	higher	T080	C0205250
28187389	741	743	Co	T123,T196	C0009148
28187389	763	771	emission	T167	C2349995
28187389	772	783	intensities	T080	C0522510
28187389	787	797	pollutants	T131	C0599786
28187389	799	807	rainfall	T070	C0034640
28187389	808	814	amount	T081	C1265611
28187389	819	823	wind	T070	C0043187
28187389	824	829	speed	T081	C0678536
28187389	839	849	dominating	T033	C3844729
28187389	850	857	factors	T169	C1521761
28187389	858	869	influencing	T077	C4054723
28187389	870	889	seasonal variations	T079	C0036496
28187389	893	896	TEs	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	900	903	AWD	T070	C2584299
28187389	905	910	Based	T169	C1527178
28187389	914	924	enrichment	T080	C0205556
28187389	925	932	factors	T169	C1521761
28187389	934	954	correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
28187389	959	987	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
28187389	989	993	most	T081	C0205393
28187389	1001	1004	TEs	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	1008	1011	AWD	T070	C2584299
28187389	1017	1026	primarily	T080	C0205225
28187389	1027	1037	originated	T082	C0807192
28187389	1043	1067	anthropogenic activities	T052	C0020115
28187389	1068	1078	except for	T169	C0332300
28187389	1079	1081	Al	T196	C0002367
28187389	1086	1088	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28187389	1110	1117	derived	T080	C1441547
28187389	1123	1135	re-suspended	T078	C1553389
28187389	1136	1140	soil	T167	C0037592
28187389	1141	1146	dusts	T167	C0013330
28187389	1161	1163	TE	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	1164	1170	inputs	T077	C1708517
28187389	1174	1177	AWD	T070	C2584299
28187389	1183	1196	significantly	T078	C0750502
28187389	1197	1202	lower	T080	C0205251
28187389	1217	1223	rivers	T070	C0337050
28187389	1229	1231	TE	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	1232	1238	inputs	T077	C1708517
28187389	1243	1253	short-term	T079	C0443303
28187389	1254	1259	heavy	T033	C0243095
28187389	1260	1265	rains	T070	C0034640
28187389	1272	1282	distinctly	T080	C2963144
28187389	1283	1291	increase	T169	C0442805
28187389	1292	1299	surface	T082	C0205148
28187389	1300	1308	seawater	T167	C0036499
28187389	1309	1311	TE	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	1312	1326	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28187389	1336	1343	pollute	T067	C1254366
28187389	1348	1366	marine environment	T067	C0563034
28187389	1370	1373	JZB	T083	C0008115
28187389	1375	1378	AWD	T070	C2584299
28187389	1395	1403	profound	T080	C0439808
28187389	1404	1411	impacts	T080	C4049986
28187389	1419	1440	biogeochemical cycles	T070	C1254365
28187389	1444	1447	TEs	T123,T196	C0040577
28187389	1457	1467	ecological	T070	C0162358
28187389	1468	1475	effects	T080	C1280500
28187389	1477	1485	nutrient	T168	C0678695
28187389	1490	1498	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28187389	1503	1520	aquatic organisms	T001	C0596121

28187742|t|Regulatory role of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha in the induction of CD40 in microglia
28187742|a|The aberrant expression of CD40, a co-stimulatory receptor found on the antigen-presenting cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of various degenerative diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that the reduction of cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α) protein overexpression and activation in the spinal cord of a mouse model of ALS, hmSOD1 G93A, inhibited CD40 upregulation in microglia. The present study was designed to determine whether cPLA2α has a direct, participatory role in the molecular events leading to CD40 induction. Cultures of primary mouse microglia or BV-2 microglia cell line exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon gamma (IFNγ) for different periods of time, in order to study the role of cPLA2α in the events leading to CD40 protein induction. Addition of LPS or IFNγ caused a significant upregulation of cPLA2α and of CD40, while prevention of cPLA2α upregulation by a specific oligonucleotide antisense (AS) prevented the induction of CD40, suggesting a role of cPLA2α in the induction of CD40. Addition of LPS to microglia caused an immediate activation of cPLA2α detected by its phosphorylated form, while addition of IFNγ induced cPLA2α activation at a later time scale (4 h). The activation of cPLA2α is mediated by ERK activity. Suppression of cPLA2α activity inhibited superoxide production by NOX2-NADPH oxidase and activation of NF-κB detected by the phosphorylation of p65 on serine 536 at 15 min by LPS and at 4 h by IFNγ. Inhibition of NOX2 prevented NF-κB activation and CD40 induction but did not affect cPLA2α activation, suggesting cPLA2α is located upstream to NOX2 and NF-κB. The activation of cPLA2 by LPS was mediated by both adaptor proteins downstream to LPS receptor; TRIF and MyD88, while the activation of cPLA2α by IFNγ was mediated by the secreted TNF-α at 4 h. The early activation of STAT1α (detected by phospho-serine727 and phoshpo-tyrosine701) by IFNγ and the late activation of STAT1α by LPS were not affected in the presence of cPLA2α inhibitors, indicating that STAT1α is not under cPLA2α regulation. Our results show for the first time that cPLA2 upregulates CD40 protein expression induced by either LPS or IFNγ, and this regulatory effect is mediated via the activation of NOX2-NADPH oxidase and NF-κB. Cumulatively, our results indicate that cPLA2α may serve as a pivotal amplifier of the inflammatory response in the CNS.
28187742	0	15	Regulatory role	T038	C1327622
28187742	19	51	cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	59	68	induction	T169	C0205263
28187742	72	76	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
28187742	80	89	microglia	T025	C0206116
28187742	94	102	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28187742	103	113	expression	T045	C0597360
28187742	117	121	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
28187742	140	148	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28187742	162	186	antigen-presenting cells	T025	C0003315
28187742	207	219	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28187742	231	252	degenerative diseases	T047	C1285162
28187742	295	304	reduction	T080	C0392756
28187742	308	340	cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	342	348	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	350	372	protein overexpression	T045	C1514559
28187742	377	387	activation	T045	C0599177
28187742	395	406	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
28187742	412	423	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28187742	427	430	ALS	T047	C0002736
28187742	432	443	hmSOD1 G93A	T116,T126	C0668601
28187742	445	454	inhibited	T044	C0021469
28187742	455	459	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
28187742	460	472	upregulation	T044	C0949479
28187742	476	485	microglia	T025	C0206116
28187742	539	545	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	614	618	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
28187742	619	628	induction	T169	C0205263
28187742	630	638	Cultures	T059	C1449562
28187742	650	655	mouse	T015	C0026809
28187742	656	665	microglia	T025	C0206116
28187742	669	693	BV-2 microglia cell line	T025	C0007600
28187742	705	723	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28187742	725	728	LPS	T109	C0023810
28187742	733	749	interferon gamma	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28187742	751	755	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28187742	818	824	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	850	854	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
28187742	855	862	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28187742	863	872	induction	T169	C0205263
28187742	886	889	LPS	T109	C0023810
28187742	893	897	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28187742	919	931	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28187742	935	941	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	949	953	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
28187742	975	981	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	982	994	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28187742	1009	1034	oligonucleotide antisense	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
28187742	1036	1038	AS	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
28187742	1040	1049	prevented	T080	C2700409
28187742	1054	1063	induction	T169	C0205263
28187742	1067	1071	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
28187742	1094	1100	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	1108	1117	induction	T169	C0205263
28187742	1121	1125	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
28187742	1139	1142	LPS	T109	C0023810
28187742	1146	1155	microglia	T025	C0206116
28187742	1176	1186	activation	T045	C0599177
28187742	1190	1196	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	1213	1227	phosphorylated	T044	C1158886
28187742	1252	1256	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28187742	1257	1264	induced	T169	C0205263
28187742	1265	1271	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	1272	1282	activation	T045	C0599177
28187742	1316	1326	activation	T045	C0599177
28187742	1330	1336	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	1352	1364	ERK activity	T044	C2261601
28187742	1381	1387	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	1388	1396	activity	T044	C1537044
28187742	1397	1406	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28187742	1407	1450	superoxide production by NOX2-NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0897757
28187742	1455	1465	activation	T039	C1512670
28187742	1469	1474	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28187742	1491	1506	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28187742	1517	1527	serine 536	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28187742	1541	1544	LPS	T109	C0023810
28187742	1559	1563	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28187742	1565	1575	Inhibition	T039	C1524081
28187742	1579	1583	NOX2	T116,T126	C0068355
28187742	1594	1599	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28187742	1600	1610	activation	T039	C1512670
28187742	1615	1619	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
28187742	1620	1629	induction	T169	C0205263
28187742	1649	1655	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	1656	1666	activation	T045	C0599177
28187742	1679	1685	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	1697	1705	upstream	T082	C0522505
28187742	1709	1713	NOX2	T116,T126	C0068355
28187742	1718	1723	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28187742	1729	1739	activation	T045	C0599177
28187742	1743	1748	cPLA2	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	1752	1755	LPS	T109	C0023810
28187742	1777	1793	adaptor proteins	T116,T123	C1449886
28187742	1794	1804	downstream	T082	C0522506
28187742	1808	1820	LPS receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0108768
28187742	1822	1826	TRIF	T044	C3158853
28187742	1831	1836	MyD88	T044	C1819764
28187742	1848	1858	activation	T045	C0599177
28187742	1862	1868	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	1872	1876	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28187742	1897	1905	secreted	T038	C0036536
28187742	1906	1911	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28187742	1930	1940	activation	T045	C0599177
28187742	1944	1950	STAT1α	T116	C0379862
28187742	1964	1981	phospho-serine727	T116,T123	C0031721
28187742	1986	2005	phoshpo-tyrosine701	T116,T123	C0070948
28187742	2010	2014	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28187742	2028	2038	activation	T045	C0599177
28187742	2042	2048	STAT1α	T116	C0379862
28187742	2052	2055	LPS	T109	C0023810
28187742	2065	2073	affected	T169	C0392760
28187742	2093	2099	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	2100	2110	inhibitors	T121	C0033671
28187742	2128	2134	STAT1α	T116	C0379862
28187742	2148	2154	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	2155	2165	regulation	T044	C1522756
28187742	2208	2213	cPLA2	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	2214	2225	upregulates	T044	C0041904
28187742	2226	2230	CD40	T116,T129,T192	C0054959
28187742	2231	2249	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28187742	2250	2257	induced	T169	C0205263
28187742	2268	2271	LPS	T109	C0023810
28187742	2275	2279	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28187742	2290	2300	regulatory	T038	C1327622
28187742	2301	2307	effect	T080	C1280500
28187742	2328	2338	activation	T044	C0014429
28187742	2342	2360	NOX2-NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
28187742	2365	2370	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28187742	2412	2418	cPLA2α	T116,T126	C1744635
28187742	2459	2480	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28187742	2488	2491	CNS	T022	C3714787

28187885|t|Automated characterization and counting of Ki-67 protein for breast cancer prognosis: A quantitative immunohistochemistry approach
28187885|a|Ki-67 protein expression plays an important role in predicting the proliferative status of tumour cell s and deciding the future course of therapy in breast cancer. Immunohistochemical (IHC) determination of Ki-67 score or labelling index, by estimating the fraction of Ki67 positively stained tumour cells, is the most widely practiced method to assess tumour proliferation (Dowsett et al. 2011). Accurate manual counting of these cells (specifically nuclei) due to complex and dense distribution of cells, therefore, becomes critical and presents a major challenge to pathologists. In this paper, we suggest a hybrid clustering algorithm to quantify the proliferative index of breast cancer cells based on automated counting of Ki-67 nuclei. The proposed methodology initially pre-processes the IHC images of Ki-67 stained slides of breast cancer. The RGB images are converted to grey, L*a*b*, HSI, YCbCr, YIQ and XYZ colour space. All the stained cells are then characterized by two stage segmentation process. Fuzzy C-means quantifies all the stained cells as one cluster. The blue channel of the first stage output is given as input to k-means algorithm, which provides separate cluster for Ki-67 positive and negative cells. The count of positive and negative nuclei is used to calculate the F-measure for each colour space. A comparative study of our work with the expert opinion is studied to evaluate the error rate. The positive and negative nuclei detection results for all colour space s are compared with the ground truth for validation and F-measure is calculated. The F-measure for L*a*b* colour space (0.8847) provides the best statistical result as compared to grey, HSI, YCbCr, YIQ and XYZ colour space. Further, a study is carried out to count nuclei manually and automatically from the proposed algorithm with an average error rate of 6.84% which is significant. The study provides an automated count of positive and negative nuclei using L*a*b* colour space and hybrid segmentation technique. Computerized evaluation of proliferation index can aid pathologist in assessing breast cancer severity. The proposed methodology, further, has the potential advantage of saving time and assisting in decision making over the present manual procedure and could evolve as an assistive pathological decision support system.
28187885	0	9	Automated	T169	C0205554
28187885	10	26	characterization	T052	C1880022
28187885	31	39	counting	T081	C0750480
28187885	43	56	Ki-67 protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28187885	61	74	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28187885	75	84	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28187885	88	100	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28187885	101	121	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28187885	122	130	approach	T082	C0449445
28187885	131	144	Ki-67 protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28187885	145	155	expression	T045	C1171362
28187885	198	218	proliferative status	T081	C1514489
28187885	222	233	tumour cell	T025	C0431085
28187885	253	259	future	T079	C0016884
28187885	260	266	course	T079	C0750729
28187885	270	277	therapy	T061	C0087111
28187885	281	294	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28187885	296	335	Immunohistochemical (IHC) determination	T060	C0021044
28187885	339	350	Ki-67 score	T059	C4049944
28187885	354	369	labelling index	T059	C0022885
28187885	389	400	fraction of	T081	C1264633
28187885	401	405	Ki67	T116,T123	C0033684
28187885	406	416	positively	T033	C1446409
28187885	417	424	stained	T080	C2986582
28187885	425	437	tumour cells	T025	C0431085
28187885	468	474	method	T060	C0430022
28187885	478	484	assess	T058	C0184514
28187885	485	491	tumour	T191	C0027651
28187885	492	505	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28187885	529	537	Accurate	T080	C0443131
28187885	538	553	manual counting	T059	C1441639
28187885	563	568	cells	T025	C0007634
28187885	570	582	specifically	T080	C0205369
28187885	583	589	nuclei	T026	C0007610
28187885	598	605	complex	T080	C0439855
28187885	610	615	dense	T080	C0439794
28187885	616	628	distribution	T169	C1704711
28187885	632	637	cells	T025	C0007634
28187885	658	666	critical	T080	C1511545
28187885	671	679	presents	T078	C0449450
28187885	682	687	major	T080	C0205164
28187885	701	713	pathologists	T097	C0334866
28187885	743	770	hybrid clustering algorithm	T170	C0002045
28187885	774	782	quantify	T081	C1709793
28187885	787	806	proliferative index	T081	C1514489
28187885	810	829	breast cancer cells	T025	C1512505
28187885	839	857	automated counting	T059	C1441489
28187885	861	866	Ki-67	T116,T123	C0033684
28187885	867	873	nuclei	T026	C0007610
28187885	888	899	methodology	T060	C0430022
28187885	900	909	initially	T079	C0205265
28187885	910	923	pre-processes	T067	C1522240
28187885	928	931	IHC	T060	C0021044
28187885	932	938	images	T170	C1704254
28187885	942	947	Ki-67	T116,T123	C0033684
28187885	948	955	stained	T080	C2986582
28187885	956	962	slides	T075	C0444330
28187885	966	979	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28187885	1013	1017	grey	T080	C1269776
28187885	1051	1063	colour space	T170	C0876936
28187885	1073	1080	stained	T080	C2986582
28187885	1081	1086	cells	T025	C0007634
28187885	1096	1109	characterized	T052	C1880022
28187885	1113	1143	two stage segmentation process	T059	C0200768
28187885	1145	1158	Fuzzy C-means	T170	C0002045
28187885	1159	1169	quantifies	T081	C1709793
28187885	1178	1185	stained	T080	C2986582
28187885	1186	1191	cells	T025	C0007634
28187885	1199	1206	cluster	T081	C1704332
28187885	1212	1216	blue	T080	C1260957
28187885	1217	1224	channel	T077	C1706095
28187885	1232	1243	first stage	T185	C0441766
28187885	1244	1250	output	T077	C1709366
28187885	1272	1289	k-means algorithm	T062	C0009085
28187885	1306	1314	separate	T080	C0443299
28187885	1315	1322	cluster	T081	C1704332
28187885	1327	1332	Ki-67	T116,T123	C0033684
28187885	1333	1354	positive and negative	T033	C3842923
28187885	1355	1360	cells	T025	C0007634
28187885	1366	1371	count	T081	C0750480
28187885	1375	1396	positive and negative	T033	C3842923
28187885	1397	1403	nuclei	T026	C0007610
28187885	1415	1424	calculate	T059	C1443182
28187885	1429	1438	F-measure	T081	C0079809
28187885	1448	1460	colour space	T170	C0876936
28187885	1464	1481	comparative study	T062	C1579762
28187885	1503	1517	expert opinion	T077	C0600219
28187885	1545	1550	error	T080	C0743559
28187885	1551	1555	rate	T081	C1521828
28187885	1561	1582	positive and negative	T033	C3842923
28187885	1583	1589	nuclei	T026	C0007610
28187885	1590	1599	detection	T033	C0442726
28187885	1600	1607	results	T169	C1274040
28187885	1616	1628	colour space	T170	C0876936
28187885	1635	1643	compared	T052	C1707455
28187885	1685	1694	F-measure	T081	C0079809
28187885	1698	1708	calculated	T059	C1443182
28187885	1714	1723	F-measure	T081	C0079809
28187885	1735	1747	colour space	T170	C0876936
28187885	1775	1786	statistical	T081	C2828391
28187885	1787	1793	result	T169	C1274040
28187885	1797	1805	compared	T052	C1707455
28187885	1809	1813	grey	T080	C1269776
28187885	1839	1851	colour space	T170	C0876936
28187885	1864	1869	study	T062	C2603343
28187885	1888	1893	count	T081	C0750480
28187885	1894	1900	nuclei	T026	C0007610
28187885	1901	1909	manually	T059	C1441639
28187885	1914	1927	automatically	T059	C1441489
28187885	1946	1955	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28187885	1964	1971	average	T081	C1510992
28187885	1972	1977	error	T080	C0743559
28187885	1978	1982	rate	T081	C1521828
28187885	2001	2012	significant	T078	C0750502
28187885	2018	2023	study	T062	C2603343
28187885	2036	2045	automated	T169	C0205554
28187885	2046	2051	count	T081	C0750480
28187885	2055	2076	positive and negative	T033	C3842923
28187885	2077	2083	nuclei	T026	C0007610
28187885	2097	2109	colour space	T170	C0876936
28187885	2114	2143	hybrid segmentation technique	T066	C2697664
28187885	2145	2168	Computerized evaluation	T059	C1441489
28187885	2172	2191	proliferation index	T081	C1514489
28187885	2200	2211	pathologist	T097	C0334866
28187885	2225	2238	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28187885	2239	2247	severity	T080	C0439793
28187885	2262	2273	methodology	T060	C0430022
28187885	2292	2301	potential	T080	C3245505
28187885	2331	2340	assisting	T058	C0557034
28187885	2377	2393	manual procedure	T059	C1441639
28187885	2427	2439	pathological	T169	C1521733
28187885	2440	2463	decision support system	T068	C0023678

28188533|t|Generation of High-Quality SWATH(®) Acquisition Data for Label-free Quantitative Proteomics Studies Using TripleTOF(®) Mass Spectrometers
28188533|a|Data - independent acquisition is a powerful mass spectrometry technique that enables comprehensive MS and MS/MS analysis of all detectable species, providing an information rich data file that can be mined deeply. Here, we describe how to acquire high-quality SWATH(®) Acquisition data to be used for large quantitative proteomic studies. We specifically focus on using variable sized Q1 windows for acquisition of MS/MS data for generating higher specificity quantitative data.
28188533	0	10	Generation	T052	C3146294
28188533	14	26	High-Quality	T080	C0332306
28188533	27	35	SWATH(®)	T170	C0282574
28188533	36	47	Acquisition	T052	C1706701
28188533	48	52	Data	T078	C1511726
28188533	57	67	Label-free	T033	C0243095
28188533	68	80	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28188533	81	99	Proteomics Studies	T091	C0872252
28188533	106	137	TripleTOF(®) Mass Spectrometers	T074	C0183396
28188533	138	142	Data	T078	C1511726
28188533	145	156	independent	T169	C0332291
28188533	157	168	acquisition	T052	C1706701
28188533	183	210	mass spectrometry technique	T059	C0037813
28188533	238	240	MS	T059	C0037813
28188533	245	250	MS/MS	T063	C0599748
28188533	251	259	analysis	T062	C0936012
28188533	267	277	detectable	T201	C3830527
28188533	278	285	species	T071	C1551338
28188533	300	311	information	T078	C1533716
28188533	317	321	data	T078	C1511726
28188533	339	344	mined	T066	C1328866
28188533	378	385	acquire	T052	C1706701
28188533	386	398	high-quality	T080	C0332306
28188533	399	407	SWATH(®)	T170	C0282574
28188533	408	419	Acquisition	T052	C1706701
28188533	420	424	data	T078	C1511726
28188533	440	445	large	T081	C0549177
28188533	446	458	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28188533	459	476	proteomic studies	T091	C0872252
28188533	509	517	variable	T080	C0439828
28188533	518	523	sized	T082	C0456389
28188533	524	534	Q1 windows	T170	C0282574
28188533	539	550	acquisition	T052	C1706701
28188533	554	559	MS/MS	T063	C0599748
28188533	560	564	data	T078	C1511726
28188533	569	579	generating	T052	C3146294
28188533	587	598	specificity	T081	C0037791
28188533	599	611	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28188533	612	616	data	T078	C1511726

28189069|t|Multitarget sensing of glucose and cholesterol based on Janus hydrogel microparticles
28189069|a|A visualized sensing method for glucose and cholesterol was developed based on the hemispheres of the same Janus hydrogel microparticles. Single-phase and Janus hydrogel microparticles were both generated using a centrifugal microfluidic chip. For glucose sensing, concanavalin A and fluorescein labeled dextran used for competitive binding assay were encapsulated in alginate microparticles, and the fluorescence of the microparticles was positively correlated with glucose concentration. For cholesterol sensing, the microparticles embedded with γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were used as catalyst for the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine by H2O2, an enzymatic hydrolysis product of cholesterol. And the color transition was more sensitive in the microparticles than in solutions, indicating the microparticles are more applicable for visualized determination. Furthermore, Janus microparticles were employed for multitarget sensing in the two hemespheres, and glucose and cholesterol were detected within the same microparticles without obvious interference. Besides, the particles could be manipulated by an external magnetic field. The glucose and cholesterol levels were measured in human serum utilizing the microparticles, which confirmed the potential application of the microparticles in real sample detection.
28189069	0	11	Multitarget	T169	C1521840
28189069	12	30	sensing of glucose	T059	C0337438
28189069	35	46	cholesterol	T059	C0201950
28189069	56	85	Janus hydrogel microparticles	T109,T121	C0063083
28189069	88	98	visualized	T169	C0234621
28189069	99	125	sensing method for glucose	T059	C0337438
28189069	130	141	cholesterol	T059	C0201950
28189069	193	222	Janus hydrogel microparticles	T109,T121	C0063083
28189069	241	270	Janus hydrogel microparticles	T109,T121	C0063083
28189069	299	310	centrifugal	T080	C1301962
28189069	311	328	microfluidic chip	T075	C1449582
28189069	334	349	glucose sensing	T059	C0337438
28189069	351	365	concanavalin A	T116,T123	C0009630
28189069	370	397	fluorescein labeled dextran	T109,T130	C0060538
28189069	407	432	competitive binding assay	T059	C0005507
28189069	438	450	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
28189069	454	462	alginate	T109,T121,T122	C0002040
28189069	463	477	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28189069	487	499	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28189069	507	521	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28189069	526	536	positively	T033	C1446409
28189069	537	547	correlated	T080	C1707520
28189069	553	560	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28189069	561	574	concentration	T081	C1446561
28189069	580	599	cholesterol sensing	T059	C0201950
28189069	605	619	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28189069	634	655	γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles	T130,T197	C3652446
28189069	669	677	catalyst	T067	C0175921
28189069	686	695	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28189069	699	729	3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine	T109,T130	C0046880
28189069	733	737	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28189069	742	751	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28189069	752	762	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
28189069	763	770	product	T071	C1514468
28189069	774	785	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28189069	795	800	color	T080	C0009393
28189069	801	811	transition	T052	C2700061
28189069	821	830	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28189069	838	852	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28189069	861	870	solutions	T167	C0037633
28189069	887	901	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28189069	911	921	applicable	T080	C1706839
28189069	926	936	visualized	T169	C0234621
28189069	937	950	determination	T059	C1148554
28189069	965	985	Janus microparticles	T104	C0597177
28189069	991	999	employed	T033	C0557351
28189069	1004	1015	multitarget	T169	C1521840
28189069	1016	1023	sensing	T080	C0205396
28189069	1052	1059	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28189069	1064	1075	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28189069	1081	1089	detected	T033	C0442726
28189069	1106	1120	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28189069	1137	1149	interference	T169	C0521102
28189069	1164	1173	particles	T104	C0597177
28189069	1201	1209	external	T082	C0205101
28189069	1210	1224	magnetic field	T070	C0563533
28189069	1230	1237	glucose	T034	C0428548
28189069	1242	1260	cholesterol levels	T034	C0428466
28189069	1266	1274	measured	T080	C0444706
28189069	1278	1283	human	T016	C0086418
28189069	1284	1289	serum	T031	C0229671
28189069	1304	1318	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28189069	1326	1335	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28189069	1340	1349	potential	T080	C3245505
28189069	1369	1383	microparticles	T104	C0597177
28189069	1392	1398	sample	T167	C0370003
28189069	1399	1408	detection	T061	C1511790

28189277|t|Improved Outcomes With the Evolution of a Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Approach to Right Heart Sarcoma
28189277|a|Right-side heart sarcomas tend to be bulky, infiltrative, and difficult to treat. We have previously examined our outcomes with right heart sarcomas. Surgical resection with R0 margins showed better survival than positive margins but in only one third of cases could R0 status be achieved. The hypothesis for this study was that preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy would shrink the tumor margins and allow an increase in R0 resection, and hence, better survival. Review of our cardiac tumor database from 1990 to 2015 yielded 133 primary cardiac sarcoma cases. Of these, we identified 44 patients with primary right-side heart sarcomas. Prospective database and retrospective data collection and clinical outcomes were evaluated for all 44 patients. Primary outcomes included 30-day mortality and morbidity and long-term survival. We used univariate and multivariate analyses to identify independent predictors of overall survival. There were 27 male and 17 female patients with a mean age of 41 ± 12.7 years (range, 15 to 67). Seventy-three percent of the patients (32 of 44) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The most common tumor histology was angiosarcoma in 30 of 44 (68%). Thirty-day mortality was 4.5%, and statistically similar between the two groups. The median survival of patients who had R0 resection was 53.5 months compared with 9.5 months for R1. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy led to a doubling of survival (20 versus 9.5 months). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery is a safe and effective strategy in patients with primary right-side heart sarcoma. This multimodality treatment enhances resectability (R0 resection) that translates into improved patient survival.
28189277	0	8	Improved	T033	C0184511
28189277	42	75	Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Approach	T061	C4272610
28189277	79	98	Right Heart Sarcoma	T191	C0238152
28189277	99	124	Right-side heart sarcomas	T191	C0238152
28189277	174	179	treat	T061	C0087111
28189277	227	247	right heart sarcomas	T191	C0238152
28189277	249	267	Surgical resection	T061	C0015252
28189277	273	283	R0 margins	T033	C1709157
28189277	298	306	survival	T052	C0038952
28189277	312	328	positive margins	T033	C1709603
28189277	366	375	R0 status	T033	C1709157
28189277	428	440	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28189277	441	465	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
28189277	483	496	tumor margins	T201	C1269795
28189277	522	534	R0 resection	T061	C0015252
28189277	554	562	survival	T052	C0038952
28189277	578	591	cardiac tumor	T191	C0018809
28189277	592	600	database	T170	C0242356
28189277	631	654	primary cardiac sarcoma	UnknownType	C0518971
28189277	689	697	patients	T101	C0030705
28189277	711	736	right-side heart sarcomas	T191	C0238152
28189277	738	758	Prospective database	T170	C0242356
28189277	763	792	retrospective data collection	T062	C0035363
28189277	797	814	clinical outcomes	T080	C0085415
28189277	820	829	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28189277	841	849	patients	T101	C0030705
28189277	884	893	mortality	T081	C0205848
28189277	898	907	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28189277	912	921	long-term	T079	C0443252
28189277	922	930	survival	T052	C0038952
28189277	940	950	univariate	T062	C0683962
28189277	955	976	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
28189277	1023	1031	survival	T052	C0038952
28189277	1047	1051	male	T032	C0086582
28189277	1059	1065	female	T032	C0086287
28189277	1066	1074	patients	T101	C0030705
28189277	1158	1166	patients	T101	C0030705
28189277	1187	1211	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
28189277	1229	1234	tumor	T191	C0027651
28189277	1235	1244	histology	T091	C0019638
28189277	1249	1261	angiosarcoma	T191	C1261473
28189277	1292	1301	mortality	T081	C0205848
28189277	1373	1381	survival	T052	C0038952
28189277	1385	1393	patients	T101	C0030705
28189277	1402	1414	R0 resection	T061	C0015252
28189277	1464	1488	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
28189277	1498	1506	doubling	T052	C1705764
28189277	1510	1518	survival	T052	C0038952
28189277	1543	1567	Neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C4272610
28189277	1580	1595	radical surgery	T061	C0543467
28189277	1632	1640	patients	T101	C0030705
28189277	1654	1678	right-side heart sarcoma	T191	C0238152
28189277	1685	1708	multimodality treatment	T061	C0009429
28189277	1718	1731	resectability	T061	C0015252
28189277	1733	1745	R0 resection	T061	C0015252
28189277	1768	1776	improved	T033	C0184511
28189277	1777	1784	patient	T101	C0030705
28189277	1785	1793	survival	T052	C0038952

28189379|t|Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis secondary to levetiracetam and valproic acid use
28189379|a|Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare cutaneous eruption characterized by the appearance of diffuse, sterile pustules on an erythematous and edematous base. Most cases are attributed to drug reactions, with antibiotics being the most common offending agents. Only a handful of case reports have described AGEP in the setting of antiepileptic use. Here, we report a case of AGEP secondary to dual antiepileptic therapy with levetiracetam and valproic acid in a 73-year- old female. The patient presented to the emergency department with the characteristic AGEP rash, fever, and leukocytosis. Upon discontinuation of the two medications and conservative management, the patient's symptoms quickly abated, and she was discharged from the hospital several days later.
28189379	0	42	Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis	T047	C0877055
28189379	43	55	secondary to	T080	C0175668
28189379	56	69	levetiracetam	T109,T121	C0377265
28189379	74	87	valproic acid	T109	C0078004
28189379	88	91	use	T169	C0457083
28189379	92	134	Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis	T047	C0877055
28189379	135	141	(AGEP)	T047	C0877055
28189379	147	151	rare	T080	C0522498
28189379	152	170	cutaneous eruption	T184	C0015230
28189379	171	184	characterized	T052	C1880022
28189379	192	202	appearance	T080	C0700364
28189379	206	213	diffuse	T082	C0205219
28189379	215	231	sterile pustules	T033	C4015236
28189379	238	250	erythematous	T047	C0041834
28189379	255	269	edematous base	T184	C0013604
28189379	300	314	drug reactions	T046	C0041755
28189379	321	332	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28189379	348	354	common	T081	C0205214
28189379	355	371	offending agents	T120	C0450442
28189379	391	403	case reports	T170	C0085973
28189379	409	418	described	T078	C1552738
28189379	419	423	AGEP	T047	C0877055
28189379	442	455	antiepileptic	T121	C0003299
28189379	456	459	use	T169	C0457083
28189379	470	476	report	T170	C0684224
28189379	479	483	case	T077	C1706256
28189379	487	491	AGEP	T047	C0877055
28189379	492	504	secondary to	T080	C0175668
28189379	505	509	dual	T052	C1705764
28189379	510	523	antiepileptic	T121	C0003299
28189379	524	531	therapy	T061	C0087111
28189379	537	550	levetiracetam	T109,T121	C0377265
28189379	555	568	valproic acid	T109	C0078004
28189379	583	586	old	T098	C0001792
28189379	587	593	female	T032	C0086287
28189379	599	606	patient	T101	C0030705
28189379	624	644	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28189379	654	668	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28189379	669	673	AGEP	T047	C0877055
28189379	674	678	rash	T184	C0015230
28189379	680	685	fever	T184	C0015967
28189379	691	703	leukocytosis	T046	C0023518
28189379	710	725	discontinuation	T033	C1444662
28189379	737	748	medications	T170	C4284232
28189379	753	776	conservative management	T061	C0459914
28189379	782	791	patient's	T101	C0030705
28189379	792	800	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28189379	801	808	quickly	T080	C0456962
28189379	809	815	abated	T052	C3853704
28189379	829	839	discharged	T058	C0030685
28189379	849	857	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28189379	858	870	several days	T033	C3845714

28189628|t|Perlecan and vascular endothelial growth factor - encoding DNA - loaded chitosan scaffolds promote angiogenesis and wound healing
28189628|a|The repair of dermal wounds, particularly in the diabetic population, poses a significant healthcare burden. The impaired wound healing of diabetic wounds is attributed to low levels of endogenous growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), that normally stimulate multiple phases of wound healing. In this study, chitosan scaffolds were prepared via freeze drying and loaded with plasmid DNA encoding perlecan domain I and VEGF189 and analyzed in vivo for their ability to promote dermal wound healing. The plasmid DNA encoding perlecan domain I and VEGF189 loaded scaffolds promoted dermal wound healing in normal and diabetic rats. This treatment resulted in an increase in the number of blood vessels and sub-epithelial connective tissue matrix components within the wound beds compared to wounds treated with chitosan scaffolds containing control DNA or wounded controls. These results suggest that chitosan scaffolds containing plasmid DNA encoding VEGF189 and perlecan domain I have the potential to induce angiogenesis and wound healing.
28189628	0	8	Perlecan	T116	C0136134
28189628	13	47	vascular endothelial growth factor	T116,T123	C1171892
28189628	50	58	encoding	T052	C2700640
28189628	59	62	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28189628	65	71	loaded	T052	C1708715
28189628	72	80	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28189628	81	90	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28189628	91	98	promote	T052	C0033414
28189628	99	111	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28189628	116	129	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28189628	134	140	repair	T040	C0043240
28189628	144	150	dermal	T024	C0011646
28189628	151	157	wounds	T037	C0043250
28189628	179	187	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28189628	188	198	population	T098	C1257890
28189628	208	219	significant	T078	C0750502
28189628	220	230	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28189628	231	237	burden	T078	C2828008
28189628	243	251	impaired	T169	C0221099
28189628	252	265	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28189628	269	277	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28189628	278	284	wounds	T037	C0043250
28189628	302	305	low	T080	C0205251
28189628	306	312	levels	T080	C0441889
28189628	316	326	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28189628	327	341	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28189628	353	387	vascular endothelial growth factor	T116,T123	C1171892
28189628	389	393	VEGF	T116,T123	C1171892
28189628	420	435	multiple phases	T079	C0585064
28189628	439	452	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28189628	462	467	study	T062	C2603343
28189628	469	477	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28189628	478	487	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28189628	506	519	freeze drying	T059	C0016698
28189628	524	530	loaded	T052	C1708715
28189628	536	543	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28189628	544	547	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28189628	548	556	encoding	T052	C2700640
28189628	557	565	perlecan	T116	C0136134
28189628	566	574	domain I	T087	C1514562
28189628	579	586	VEGF189	T116,T123	C0376855
28189628	591	599	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28189628	600	607	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28189628	618	625	ability	T032	C0085732
28189628	629	636	promote	T052	C0033414
28189628	637	643	dermal	T024	C0011646
28189628	644	657	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28189628	663	670	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28189628	671	674	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28189628	675	683	encoding	T052	C2700640
28189628	684	692	perlecan	T116	C0136134
28189628	693	701	domain I	T087	C1514562
28189628	706	713	VEGF189	T116,T123	C0376855
28189628	714	720	loaded	T052	C1708715
28189628	721	730	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28189628	731	739	promoted	T052	C0033414
28189628	740	746	dermal	T024	C0011646
28189628	747	760	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28189628	764	770	normal	T080	C0205307
28189628	775	783	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28189628	784	788	rats	T015	C0034721
28189628	795	804	treatment	T169	C1522326
28189628	805	813	resulted	T169	C1274040
28189628	820	828	increase	T169	C0442805
28189628	836	842	number	T081	C0237753
28189628	846	859	blood vessels	T023	C0005847
28189628	864	878	sub-epithelial	T024	C0014609
28189628	879	903	connective tissue matrix	T023	C0230889
28189628	904	914	components	T077	C1705248
28189628	926	936	wound beds	T033	C2116804
28189628	949	955	wounds	T037	C0043250
28189628	956	963	treated	T169	C1522326
28189628	969	977	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28189628	978	987	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28189628	999	1006	control	T169	C2587213
28189628	1007	1010	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28189628	1014	1021	wounded	T037	C0043250
28189628	1022	1030	controls	T169	C2587213
28189628	1038	1045	results	T169	C1274040
28189628	1059	1067	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28189628	1068	1077	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28189628	1089	1096	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28189628	1097	1100	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28189628	1101	1109	encoding	T052	C2700640
28189628	1110	1117	VEGF189	T116,T123	C0376855
28189628	1122	1130	perlecan	T116	C0136134
28189628	1131	1139	domain I	T087	C1514562
28189628	1149	1158	potential	T080	C3245505
28189628	1162	1168	induce	T169	C0205263
28189628	1169	1181	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28189628	1186	1199	wound healing	T040	C0043240

28190150|t|Effects of Elevated CO2 on the Swainsonine Chemotypes of Astragalus lentiginosus and Astragalus mollissimus
28190150|a|Rapid changes in the Earth's atmosphere and climate associated with human activity can have significant impacts on agriculture including livestock production. CO2 concentration has risen from the industrial revolution to the current time, and is expected to continue to rise. Climatic changes alter physiological processes, growth, and development in numerous plant species, potentially changing concentrations of plant secondary compounds. These physiological changes may influence plant population density, growth, fitness, and toxin concentrations and thus influence the risk of toxic plants to grazing livestock. Locoweeds, swainsonine - containing Astragalus species, are one group of plants that may be influenced by climate change. We evaluated how two different swainsonine - containing Astragalus species responded to elevated CO2 concentrations. Measurements of biomass, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrates and swainsonine concentrations were measured in two chemotypes (positive and negative for swainsonine) of each species after growth at CO2 levels near present day and at projected future concentrations. Biomass and water soluble carbohydrate concentrations responded positively while crude protein concentrations responded negatively to elevated CO2 in the two species. Swainsonine concentrations were not strongly affected by elevated CO2 in the two species. In the different chemotypes, biomass responded negatively and crude protein concentrations responded positively in the swainsonine - positive plants compared to the swainsonine - negative plants. Ultimately, changes in CO2 and endophyte status will likely alter multiple physiological responses in toxic plants such as locoweed, but it is difficult to predict how these changes will impact plant herbivore interactions.
28190150	11	19	Elevated	T080	C3163633
28190150	20	23	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28190150	31	42	Swainsonine	T109,T121	C0085535
28190150	43	53	Chemotypes	T002	C0032098
28190150	57	80	Astragalus lentiginosus	T002	C0330847
28190150	85	107	Astragalus mollissimus	T002	C1040250
28190150	114	121	changes	T169	C0392747
28190150	129	147	Earth's atmosphere	T070	C0004178
28190150	152	159	climate	T070	C2718051
28190150	176	190	human activity	T052	C0020115
28190150	223	234	agriculture	T090	C0001829
28190150	245	254	livestock	T008	C2936506
28190150	255	265	production	T057	C0033268
28190150	267	284	CO2 concentration	T033	C0428653
28190150	304	314	industrial	T057	C0021267
28190150	315	325	revolution	T068	C0441716
28190150	333	345	current time	T079	C0521116
28190150	384	400	Climatic changes	T070	C3826560
28190150	407	430	physiological processes	T039	C0031845
28190150	432	455	growth, and development	T040	C0597252
28190150	468	481	plant species	T002	C0032098
28190150	495	503	changing	T169	C0392747
28190150	504	518	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28190150	522	527	plant	T002	C0032098
28190150	528	547	secondary compounds	T123	C0870883
28190150	555	576	physiological changes	T169	C0205463
28190150	591	607	plant population	T002	C0032098
28190150	608	615	density	T081	C0178587
28190150	617	623	growth	T040	C0597252
28190150	625	632	fitness	T080	C0205556
28190150	638	643	toxin	T123,T131	C0040549
28190150	644	658	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28190150	682	686	risk	T078	C0035647
28190150	690	702	toxic plants	T002	C0032101
28190150	706	723	grazing livestock	T040	C3178952
28190150	725	734	Locoweeds	T002	C0330845
28190150	736	747	swainsonine	T109,T121	C0085535
28190150	750	760	containing	T169	C0332256
28190150	761	779	Astragalus species	T002	C0330845
28190150	798	804	plants	T002	C0032098
28190150	831	845	climate change	T070	C2718051
28190150	878	889	swainsonine	T109,T121	C0085535
28190150	892	902	containing	T169	C0332256
28190150	903	921	Astragalus species	T002	C0330845
28190150	935	943	elevated	T080	C3163633
28190150	944	962	CO2 concentrations	T033	C0428653
28190150	964	976	Measurements	T169	C0242485
28190150	980	987	biomass	T081	C0005535
28190150	989	1002	crude protein	T059	C0202202
28190150	1004	1009	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28190150	1010	1017	soluble	T080	C1948047
28190150	1018	1031	carbohydrates	T059	C0201929
28190150	1036	1062	swainsonine concentrations	T059	C0022885
28190150	1084	1094	chemotypes	T002	C0032098
28190150	1096	1104	positive	T033	C1446409
28190150	1109	1117	negative	T033	C0205160
28190150	1122	1133	swainsonine	T109,T121	C0085535
28190150	1157	1163	growth	T040	C0597252
28190150	1167	1177	CO2 levels	T059	C3516311
28190150	1178	1194	near present day	T079	C0750526
28190150	1212	1218	future	T079	C0016884
28190150	1219	1233	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28190150	1235	1242	Biomass	T081	C0005535
28190150	1247	1252	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28190150	1253	1260	soluble	T080	C1948047
28190150	1261	1273	carbohydrate	T109	C0007004
28190150	1274	1288	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28190150	1316	1344	crude protein concentrations	T059	C0202202
28190150	1369	1377	elevated	T080	C3163633
28190150	1378	1381	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28190150	1402	1413	Swainsonine	T109,T121	C0085535
28190150	1414	1428	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28190150	1459	1467	elevated	T080	C3163633
28190150	1468	1471	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28190150	1509	1519	chemotypes	T002	C0032098
28190150	1521	1528	biomass	T081	C0005535
28190150	1554	1582	crude protein concentrations	T059	C0202202
28190150	1611	1622	swainsonine	T109,T121	C0085535
28190150	1625	1633	positive	T033	C1446409
28190150	1634	1640	plants	T002	C0032098
28190150	1657	1668	swainsonine	T109,T121	C0085535
28190150	1671	1679	negative	T033	C0205160
28190150	1680	1686	plants	T002	C0032098
28190150	1711	1714	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28190150	1719	1728	endophyte	T004	C1265415
28190150	1763	1786	physiological responses	T039	C0542478
28190150	1790	1802	toxic plants	T002	C0032101
28190150	1811	1819	locoweed	T002	C0330845
28190150	1882	1887	plant	T002	C0032098
28190150	1888	1897	herbivore	T008	C0562691
28190150	1898	1910	interactions	T169	C1704675

28190392|t|PI3K / Akt pathway: a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain
28190392|a|Chronic pain is among the most disabling and costly disorders, with prevalence ranging from 10% to 55%. However, current therapeutic strategies for chronic pain are unsatisfactory due to our poor understanding of its mechanisms. Thus, novel therapeutic targets need to be found in order to improve these patients' quality of life. PI3K and its downstream Akt are widely expressed in the spinal cord, particularly in the laminae I-IV of the dorsal horn, where nociceptive C and Aδ fibers of primary afferents principally terminate. Recent studies have demonstrated their critical roles in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. In this review, we summarized the roles and mechanisms of PI3K / Akt pathway in the progression of chronic pain through sciatic nerve injury, diabetic neuropathy, spinal cord injury, bone cancer, opioid tolerance, or opioid - induced hyperalgesia.
28190392	0	4	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28190392	7	10	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
28190392	11	18	pathway	T044	C0037080
28190392	32	43	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28190392	44	50	target	T169	C1521840
28190392	55	67	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28190392	68	80	Chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28190392	99	108	disabling	T047	C0596452
28190392	120	129	disorders	T047	C0012634
28190392	136	146	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28190392	147	154	ranging	T081	C1514721
28190392	189	200	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28190392	216	228	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28190392	233	247	unsatisfactory	T080	C0439856
28190392	259	263	poor	T080	C0542537
28190392	264	277	understanding	T041	C0162340
28190392	285	295	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28190392	309	320	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28190392	321	328	targets	T169	C1521840
28190392	358	365	improve	T033	C0184511
28190392	372	381	patients'	T101	C0030705
28190392	382	397	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28190392	399	403	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28190392	412	422	downstream	T082	C0522506
28190392	423	426	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
28190392	438	447	expressed	T045	C1171362
28190392	455	466	spinal cord	T023	C0037925
28190392	488	500	laminae I-IV	T023	C2340386
28190392	508	519	dorsal horn	T023	C0228575
28190392	527	540	nociceptive C	T026	C0501409
28190392	545	554	Aδ fibers	T026	C0027750
28190392	558	565	primary	T080	C0205225
28190392	566	575	afferents	T023	C0206309
28190392	588	597	terminate	T079	C2746065
28190392	606	613	studies	T062	C0008972
28190392	638	646	critical	T080	C1511545
28190392	647	652	roles	T077	C1705810
28190392	660	671	development	T169	C1527148
28190392	676	687	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28190392	691	703	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28190392	713	719	review	T170	C0282443
28190392	739	744	roles	T077	C1705810
28190392	749	759	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28190392	763	767	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28190392	770	773	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
28190392	774	781	pathway	T044	C0037080
28190392	789	800	progression	T046	C0242656
28190392	804	816	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28190392	825	845	sciatic nerve injury	T037	C0161467
28190392	847	866	diabetic neuropathy	T047	C0011882
28190392	868	886	spinal cord injury	T037	C0037929
28190392	888	899	bone cancer	T191	C0279530
28190392	901	917	opioid tolerance	UnknownType	C0240601
28190392	922	928	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28190392	931	938	induced	T169	C0205263
28190392	939	951	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429

28190724|t|Flourishing Sponge -Based Ecosystems after the End-Ordovician Mass Extinction
28190724|a|The Late Ordovician (Hirnantian, approximately 445 million years ago) extinction event was among the largest known, with 85% species loss [1]. Post-extinction survival faunas are invariably low diversity, especially benthic communities [2], but ecological structure was restored relatively rapidly [1]. This pattern, however, reflects organisms with robust skeletons, as only one exceptionally preserved Hirnantian fossil biota was previously known [3, 4]; in particular, almost no Hirnantian sponges have been recorded. Our study reveals an extraordinarily diverse, sponge -dominated community thriving immediately after the Hirnantian extinction in Zhejiang, South China. Several contemporaneous sites preserve a total diversity of over 75 sponge species, many with preserved soft tissues, in pronounced contrast to normal survival and early recovery faunas. This diversity is unprecedented for any Hirnantian fossil group, and the fauna provides a unique window into a post-extinction ecosystem. The sponges are often large and structurally complex and represent numerous different lineages that survived the extinction. Layers with abundant sponge remains were deposited after other mass extinctions [5, 6], suggesting a general pattern of sponge abundance during collapse of Phanerozoic marine ecosystems. It is possible that the conditions of ecological collapse increase the particulate food sources for sponges, while they themselves are relatively unaffected by the crises. Furthermore, the abundance of sponges in the Hirnantian sequence of South China may have aided post-extinction ecosystem recovery by stabilizing the sediment surface, allowing sessile suspension feeders such as brachiopods, corals, and bryozoans to recover rapidly.
28190724	12	18	Sponge	T204	C0032699
28190724	26	36	Ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28190724	47	61	End-Ordovician	T079	C1254367
28190724	62	77	Mass Extinction	T070	C1720992
28190724	82	97	Late Ordovician	T079	C1254367
28190724	99	109	Hirnantian	T079	C1254367
28190724	137	142	years	T079	C0439234
28190724	148	158	extinction	T070	C1720991
28190724	203	210	species	T185	C1705920
28190724	211	215	loss	T081	C1517945
28190724	221	236	Post-extinction	T070	C1720991
28190724	246	252	faunas	T001	C0029235
28190724	272	281	diversity	T080	C1880371
28190724	302	313	communities	T096	C0009462
28190724	323	343	ecological structure	T080	C2936391
28190724	413	422	organisms	T001	C0029235
28190724	435	444	skeletons	T022	C0816871
28190724	482	492	Hirnantian	T079	C1254367
28190724	493	499	fossil	T167	C0016614
28190724	500	505	biota	T070	C1253910
28190724	560	570	Hirnantian	T079	C1254367
28190724	571	578	sponges	T204	C0032699
28190724	603	608	study	T062	C2603343
28190724	636	643	diverse	T080	C1880371
28190724	645	651	sponge	T204	C0032699
28190724	663	672	community	T096	C0009462
28190724	704	714	Hirnantian	T079	C1254367
28190724	715	725	extinction	T070	C1720991
28190724	729	737	Zhejiang	UnknownType	C0681784
28190724	739	750	South China	T083	C0008115
28190724	760	775	contemporaneous	T079	C0521115
28190724	776	781	sites	T082	C0205145
28190724	799	808	diversity	T080	C1880371
28190724	820	826	sponge	T204	C0032699
28190724	827	834	species	T185	C1705920
28190724	856	868	soft tissues	T024	C0225317
28190724	903	911	survival	T052	C0038952
28190724	931	937	faunas	T001	C0029235
28190724	944	953	diversity	T080	C1880371
28190724	979	989	Hirnantian	T079	C1254367
28190724	990	996	fossil	T167	C0016614
28190724	1012	1017	fauna	T001	C0029235
28190724	1050	1065	post-extinction	T070	C1720991
28190724	1066	1075	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
28190724	1081	1088	sponges	T204	C0032699
28190724	1109	1121	structurally	T082	C0678594
28190724	1122	1129	complex	T080	C0439855
28190724	1163	1171	lineages	T077	C1881379
28190724	1190	1200	extinction	T070	C1720991
28190724	1223	1229	sponge	T204	C0032699
28190724	1243	1252	deposited	T169	C0333562
28190724	1265	1281	mass extinctions	T070	C1720992
28190724	1322	1328	sponge	T204	C0032699
28190724	1329	1338	abundance	T080	C2346714
28190724	1346	1354	collapse	T033	C0344329
28190724	1358	1369	Phanerozoic	T079	C1254367
28190724	1370	1376	marine	T083	C0036493
28190724	1377	1387	ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28190724	1427	1437	ecological	T090	C0013546
28190724	1438	1446	collapse	T033	C0344329
28190724	1472	1476	food	T168	C0016452
28190724	1477	1484	sources	T033	C0449416
28190724	1489	1496	sponges	T204	C0032699
28190724	1553	1559	crises	T033	C0231224
28190724	1578	1587	abundance	T080	C2346714
28190724	1591	1598	sponges	T204	C0032699
28190724	1606	1616	Hirnantian	T079	C1254367
28190724	1629	1640	South China	T083	C0008115
28190724	1656	1671	post-extinction	T070	C1720991
28190724	1672	1681	ecosystem	T070	C0162358
28190724	1710	1718	sediment	T167	C1550099
28190724	1719	1726	surface	T082	C0205148
28190724	1737	1744	sessile	T080	C0205348
28190724	1772	1783	brachiopods	T204	C0006096
28190724	1785	1791	corals	T204	C0324034
28190724	1797	1806	bryozoans	T204	C0006328

28190742|t|PCV13 serotype decrease in Italian adolescents and adults in the post- PCV13 era: Herd protection from children or secular trend?
28190742|a|In 2010 PCV13 replaced PCV7 in the pediatric vaccination schedule for Italian children. While a strong herd effect was demonstrated for PCV7, a possible herd effect due to PCV13 is still under debate. Our aim was to evaluate differences in the distribution of pneumococcal serotypes between the pre and post- PCV13 eras in unvaccinated Italian adolescents and adults with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal infection from 3 Italian Regions with a high rate of PCV13 vaccination of children. Adolescents and adults admitted with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal infection in the hospitals of 3 Italian Regions (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Emilia Romagna, and Tuscany) between April 2006 and June 2016 were included in the study. Diagnosis of pneumococcal infection and serotyping were performed with Real Time PCR directly on normally sterile fluids or on culture isolates. 523 patients with laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal infection were enrolled (Male / Female ratio was 300/223, 1.3; median age 67.1, IQR 53.4-74.9). None of the patients had been vaccinated with any pneumococcal vaccine; 96.4% were serotyped. Overall, the most frequent serotypes were 3 (67/504, 13.3%), 8 (43/504, 8.5%), and 19A (38/504, 7.5%). Serotype distribution differed among age classes and clinical presentations. Overall, PCV13 serotypes accounted for 47.6% of cases: 62.3% in the pre- PCV13 era and 45.0% in the post- PCV13 era; (p=0.005 OR=2.03; CL 95%: 1.2-3.3). Serotype 7F accounted for 12/77 (15.6%) of all serotypes in the pre- PCV13 period and for 12/427 (2.8%) in the post- PCV13 period and was the only serotype significantly contributing to the difference in percentage between pre and post- PCV13 eras. Our study demonstrated a difference in percentage in serotype distribution in adolescents and adults laboratory-confirmed pneumococcal infection between the pre and post- PCV13 eras. This difference is mainly due to the decrease of serotype 7F. Thus, in order to decrease disease burden, adults and in particular the elderly should be offered a specific vaccination program.
28190742	0	5	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	6	14	serotype	T170	C0449943
28190742	27	34	Italian	T098	C0337810
28190742	35	46	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28190742	51	57	adults	T100	C0001675
28190742	71	76	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	77	80	era	T079	C0681698
28190742	82	97	Herd protection	T039	C1135927
28190742	103	111	children	T100	C0008059
28190742	115	128	secular trend	T079	C0681685
28190742	138	143	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	153	157	PCV7	T116,T129	C3852780
28190742	165	174	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28190742	175	186	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28190742	200	207	Italian	T098	C0337810
28190742	208	216	children	T100	C0008059
28190742	233	244	herd effect	T039	C1135927
28190742	266	270	PCV7	T116,T129	C3852780
28190742	283	294	herd effect	T039	C1135927
28190742	302	307	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	390	402	pneumococcal	T007	C0038410
28190742	403	412	serotypes	T170	C0449943
28190742	439	444	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	445	449	eras	T079	C0681698
28190742	453	465	unvaccinated	T033	C0243095
28190742	466	473	Italian	T098	C0337810
28190742	474	485	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28190742	490	496	adults	T100	C0001675
28190742	502	522	laboratory-confirmed	T059	C0022885
28190742	523	545	pneumococcal infection	T047	C0032269
28190742	553	568	Italian Regions	T083	C0022277
28190742	589	594	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	595	606	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28190742	610	618	children	T100	C0008059
28190742	620	631	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
28190742	636	642	adults	T100	C0001675
28190742	657	677	laboratory-confirmed	T059	C0022885
28190742	678	700	pneumococcal infection	T047	C0032269
28190742	708	717	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28190742	723	738	Italian Regions	T083	C0022277
28190742	740	761	Friuli-Venezia Giulia	T083	C0017446
28190742	763	777	Emilia Romagna	T083	C0017446
28190742	783	790	Tuscany	T083	C0017446
28190742	853	862	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28190742	866	888	pneumococcal infection	T047	C0032269
28190742	893	903	serotyping	T170	C0449943
28190742	924	937	Real Time PCR	T063	C1709846
28190742	959	996	sterile fluids or on culture isolates	T059	C1272855
28190742	1002	1010	patients	T101	C0030705
28190742	1016	1036	laboratory-confirmed	T059	C0022885
28190742	1037	1059	pneumococcal infection	T047	C0032269
28190742	1075	1079	Male	T032	C0086582
28190742	1082	1088	Female	T032	C0086287
28190742	1158	1166	patients	T101	C0030705
28190742	1176	1186	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
28190742	1196	1216	pneumococcal vaccine	T121,T129	C0358314
28190742	1229	1238	serotyped	T170	C0449943
28190742	1267	1276	serotypes	T170	C0449943
28190742	1282	1283	3	T007	C0522401
28190742	1301	1302	8	T007	C1628956
28190742	1323	1326	19A	T007	C1532745
28190742	1343	1351	Serotype	T170	C0449943
28190742	1396	1418	clinical presentations	T170	C2708283
28190742	1429	1434	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	1435	1444	serotypes	T170	C0449943
28190742	1493	1498	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	1499	1502	era	T079	C0681698
28190742	1526	1531	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	1532	1535	era	T079	C0681698
28190742	1573	1584	Serotype 7F	T007	C0522403
28190742	1620	1629	serotypes	T170	C0449943
28190742	1642	1647	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	1648	1654	period	T079	C0681698
28190742	1690	1695	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	1696	1702	period	T079	C0681698
28190742	1720	1728	serotype	T170	C0449943
28190742	1810	1815	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	1816	1820	eras	T079	C0681698
28190742	1875	1883	serotype	T170	C0449943
28190742	1900	1911	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28190742	1916	1922	adults	T100	C0001675
28190742	1923	1943	laboratory-confirmed	T059	C0022885
28190742	1944	1966	pneumococcal infection	T047	C0032269
28190742	1993	1998	PCV13	T121,T129	C3152625
28190742	1999	2003	eras	T079	C0681698
28190742	2054	2065	serotype 7F	T007	C0522403
28190742	2094	2108	disease burden	T081	C0162698
28190742	2110	2116	adults	T100	C0001675
28190742	2176	2187	vaccination	T061	C0042196

28190759|t|Temporal Trends in Sudden Cardiac Death From 1997 to 2010: A Data Linkage Study
28190759|a|Community-wide trends data for sudden cardiac death (SCD) are scarce, unlike widely reported declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Using administrative data, we aimed to examine population-level trends in SCD, stratified by sex, age and prior CVD hospitalisation. Person-linked mortality and hospital morbidity data were used to identify SCD and determine hospitalisation and comorbidity using a 10-year hospitalisation lookback period. Log-linear Poisson regression was used to calculate annual rate changes and rate ratios. In Western Australia, 7160 SCD cases were identified from 1997 to 2010 with males comprising 69%. Overall age-standardised SCD rates decreased by 17% in men and 31% in women from 1997-2001 to 2007-2010. The annual rate reduction was higher in women than men (-4.0%/year versus -2.3%/year; p=0.0039). Significant reductions were observed for 55-69 year-old and 70-84 year-old men and women but not for the 35-54 year-olds. The overall relative risk comparing men to women increased slightly from 2.4 in 1997 to 3.0 in 2010 (trend p=0.0039) but differed across age groups. The relative risk declined in 35-54 year-olds from 5.1 to 3.2 whereas it increased from 2.9 to 3.9 in 55-69 year-olds and 1.9 to 2.3 in 70-84 year-olds. Declining trends in SCD rates were observed in those with and without prior CVD and were similar to CVD mortality trends (-4.9%/year in men and -5.5%/year in women). Trends in rates of SCD fell in middle to older aged men and women, with and without CVD, and mirrored the fall in fatal CVD. Limited improvement in 35-54 year-olds requires further investigation.
28190759	0	15	Temporal Trends	T079	C0030633
28190759	19	39	Sudden Cardiac Death	T046	C0085298
28190759	61	73	Data Linkage	T062	C0242239
28190759	74	79	Study	T062	C2603343
28190759	80	94	Community-wide	T058	C0009485
28190759	95	101	trends	T079	C1521798
28190759	102	106	data	T078	C1511726
28190759	111	131	sudden cardiac death	T046	C0085298
28190759	133	136	SCD	T046	C0085298
28190759	164	172	reported	T058	C0700287
28190759	173	181	declines	T081	C0282251
28190759	185	207	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28190759	209	212	CVD	T047	C0007222
28190759	214	223	mortality	T081	C0205848
28190759	231	250	administrative data	T078	C1511726
28190759	272	288	population-level	T098	C1257890
28190759	289	295	trends	T079	C1521798
28190759	299	302	SCD	T046	C0085298
28190759	304	314	stratified	T080	C0205363
28190759	318	321	sex	T032	C0079399
28190759	323	326	age	T032	C0001779
28190759	331	336	prior	T079	C0332152
28190759	337	340	CVD	T047	C0007222
28190759	341	356	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
28190759	358	371	Person-linked	T080	C0205556
28190759	372	381	mortality	T081	C0205848
28190759	386	394	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28190759	395	404	morbidity	T081	C0178685
28190759	405	409	data	T078	C1511726
28190759	423	431	identify	T080	C0205396
28190759	432	435	SCD	T046	C0085298
28190759	450	465	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
28190759	470	481	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28190759	498	513	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
28190759	514	529	lookback period	T079	C1948053
28190759	531	541	Log-linear	UnknownType	C0681924
28190759	542	560	Poisson regression	T081	C0032347
28190759	573	582	calculate	T052	C1441506
28190759	583	589	annual	T079	C0332181
28190759	590	594	rate	T081	C1521828
28190759	595	602	changes	T169	C0392747
28190759	607	618	rate ratios	T081	C0456603
28190759	623	640	Western Australia	T083	C0043128
28190759	647	650	SCD	T046	C0085298
28190759	662	672	identified	T080	C0205396
28190759	696	701	males	T032	C0086582
28190759	726	742	age-standardised	T058	C1255664
28190759	743	746	SCD	T046	C0085298
28190759	747	752	rates	T081	C1521828
28190759	753	762	decreased	T081	C0205216
28190759	773	776	men	T098	C0025266
28190759	788	793	women	T098	C0043210
28190759	827	833	annual	T079	C0332181
28190759	834	838	rate	T081	C1521828
28190759	839	848	reduction	T080	C0392756
28190759	853	859	higher	T080	C0205250
28190759	863	868	women	T098	C0043210
28190759	874	877	men	T098	C0025266
28190759	932	942	reductions	T080	C0392756
28190759	948	956	observed	T169	C1441672
28190759	967	975	year-old	T100	C0027362
28190759	986	994	year-old	T100	C0027362
28190759	995	998	men	T098	C0025266
28190759	1003	1008	women	T098	C0043210
28190759	1031	1040	year-olds	T100	C0027362
28190759	1054	1067	relative risk	T081	C0242492
28190759	1078	1081	men	T098	C0025266
28190759	1085	1090	women	T098	C0043210
28190759	1091	1100	increased	T081	C0205217
28190759	1143	1148	trend	T079	C1521798
28190759	1179	1189	age groups	T100	C0027362
28190759	1195	1208	relative risk	T081	C0242492
28190759	1227	1236	year-olds	T100	C0027362
28190759	1264	1273	increased	T081	C0205217
28190759	1299	1308	year-olds	T100	C0027362
28190759	1333	1342	year-olds	T100	C0027362
28190759	1344	1353	Declining	T081	C0282251
28190759	1354	1360	trends	T079	C1521798
28190759	1364	1367	SCD	T046	C0085298
28190759	1368	1373	rates	T081	C1521828
28190759	1379	1387	observed	T169	C1441672
28190759	1414	1419	prior	T079	C0332152
28190759	1420	1423	CVD	T047	C0007222
28190759	1433	1440	similar	T080	C2348205
28190759	1444	1447	CVD	T047	C0007222
28190759	1448	1457	mortality	T081	C0205848
28190759	1458	1464	trends	T079	C1521798
28190759	1480	1483	men	T098	C0025266
28190759	1502	1507	women	T098	C0043210
28190759	1510	1516	Trends	T079	C1521798
28190759	1520	1525	rates	T081	C1521828
28190759	1529	1532	SCD	T046	C0085298
28190759	1557	1561	aged	T032	C0001779
28190759	1562	1565	men	T098	C0025266
28190759	1570	1575	women	T098	C0043210
28190759	1594	1597	CVD	T047	C0007222
28190759	1616	1620	fall	T081	C0205216
28190759	1624	1629	fatal	T080	C1302234
28190759	1630	1633	CVD	T047	C0007222
28190759	1635	1654	Limited improvement	T077	C2986411
28190759	1664	1673	year-olds	T100	C0027362
28190759	1674	1682	requires	T169	C1514873
28190759	1691	1704	investigation	T058	C0220825

28190791|t|No free bed with ventilator: experience of a public health specialist
28190791|a|While the author was dealing with a poor elderly father struggling to shift his gravely injured young son to a government hospital due to the high cost of intensive care, her friends across the globe were discussing euthanasia in the social media. While marginalised groups of people are struggling to access care in India, friends who have moved to developed parts of the world were discussing one's choice to live or die ! The poor father, after battling to save his son and reaching out to many people for help, could not save him. Early treatment might have helped the young boy. The incident left the author thinking about how the poor are denied care simply because they cannot afford it. Others debate when to pull the plug on the patient. … How many families can afford such care in India? When nearly 71% of the people are paying out of pocket for healthcare and 16% are pushed below the poverty line every year, can we even think of universal health coverage? It just sounds like a fancy term to be used at conferences and meetings because the ground reality is completely different.
28190791	3	11	free bed	T073	C0004916
28190791	17	27	ventilator	T074	C0087153
28190791	45	69	public health specialist	T097	C0334894
28190791	80	86	author	T097	C3812881
28190791	106	110	poor	T102	C0032854
28190791	111	125	elderly father	T099	C0015671
28190791	150	165	gravely injured	T169	C0332664
28190791	166	171	young	T079	C0332239
28190791	172	175	son	T099	C0037683
28190791	181	200	government hospital	T073,T093	C0337960
28190791	225	239	intensive care	T058	C0085559
28190791	245	252	friends	T098	C0079382
28190791	264	269	globe	T082	C1254362
28190791	286	296	euthanasia	T058	C0015187
28190791	304	316	social media	T170	C3179065
28190791	324	336	marginalised	T054	C3494319
28190791	337	353	groups of people	T098	C1257890
28190791	372	378	access	T078	C0015472
28190791	379	383	care	T052	C1947933
28190791	387	392	India	T083	C0021201
28190791	394	401	friends	T098	C0079382
28190791	420	448	developed parts of the world	T080	C0282613
28190791	471	477	choice	T052	C1707391
28190791	481	485	live	T080	C1548795
28190791	489	492	die	T040	C0011065
28190791	499	503	poor	T102	C0032854
28190791	504	510	father	T099	C0015671
28190791	518	526	battling	T048	C1407863
28190791	530	534	save	T078	C1254370
28190791	539	542	son	T099	C0037683
28190791	568	574	people	T098	C0027361
28190791	579	583	help	T080	C1269765
28190791	595	599	save	T078	C1254370
28190791	605	620	Early treatment	UnknownType	C0814494
28190791	632	638	helped	T080	C1269765
28190791	643	648	young	T079	C0332239
28190791	649	652	boy	T100	C0870221
28190791	658	666	incident	T067	C1551358
28190791	676	682	author	T097	C3812881
28190791	706	710	poor	T102	C0032854
28190791	715	721	denied	T052	C2700401
28190791	722	726	care	T052	C1947933
28190791	772	778	debate	T052	C0870392
28190791	787	800	pull the plug	T078	C1254370
28190791	808	815	patient	T101	C0030705
28190791	828	836	families	T099	C0015576
28190791	853	857	care	T052	C1947933
28190791	861	866	India	T083	C0021201
28190791	891	897	people	T098	C0027361
28190791	902	922	paying out of pocket	T081	C3815933
28190791	927	937	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28190791	957	979	below the poverty line	T102	C0860094
28190791	980	990	every year	T079	C0332181
28190791	1004	1009	think	T041	C0039869
28190791	1013	1038	universal health coverage	T078	C0376640
28190791	1023	1029	health	T078	C0018684
28190791	1062	1072	fancy term	T078	C1705313
28190791	1087	1111	conferences and meetings	T058	C0586182
28190791	1124	1138	ground reality	T078	C0871222
28190791	1142	1162	completely different	T080	C1705242

28191261|t|Global DNA methylation levels are altered by modifiable clinical manipulations in assisted reproductive technologies
28191261|a|We analyzed placental DNA methylation levels at repeated sequences (LINE1 elements) and all CCGG sites (the LUMA assay) to study the effect of modifiable clinical or laboratory procedures involved in in vitro fertilization. We included four potential modifiable factors: oxygen tension during embryo culture, fresh embryo transfer vs frozen embryo transfer, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) vs conventional insemination or day 3 embryo transfer vs day 5 embryo transfer. Global methylation levels differed between placentas from natural conceptions compared to placentas conceived by IVF. Placentas from embryos cultured at 20% oxygen showed significant differences in LINE1 methylation compared to in vivo conceptions, while those from embryos cultured at 5% oxygen, did not have significant differences. In addition, placentas from fresh embryo transfer had significant ly different LINE1 methylation compared to placentas from in vivo conceptions, while embryos resulting from frozen embryos were not significant ly different from controls. On sex - stratified analysis, only males had significant methylation differences at LINE1 elements stratified for the modifiable factors. As expected, LINE1 methylation was significantly different between males and females in the control population. However, we did not observe sex - specific differences in the IVF group. We validated this sex - specific observation in an additional cohort and in opposite sex IVF twins. We show that two clinically modifiable factors (embryo culture in 5 vs 20% oxygen tension and fresh vs frozen embryo transfer) are associated with global placental methylation differences. Interestingly, males appear more vulnerable to such treatment -related global changes in DNA methylation than do females.
28191261	0	6	Global	T080	C2348867
28191261	7	22	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28191261	23	29	levels	T080	C0441889
28191261	34	41	altered	T078	C1515926
28191261	45	55	modifiable	T169	C0392747
28191261	56	78	clinical manipulations	T061	C0947647
28191261	82	116	assisted reproductive technologies	T061	C0872104
28191261	129	138	placental	T018	C0032043
28191261	139	154	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28191261	155	161	levels	T080	C0441889
28191261	165	183	repeated sequences	T086	C0004793
28191261	185	199	LINE1 elements	T114	C0012868
28191261	209	219	CCGG sites	T086	C0004793
28191261	225	235	LUMA assay	T059	C0005507
28191261	240	245	study	T062	C2603343
28191261	250	256	effect	T080	C1280500
28191261	260	270	modifiable	T169	C0392747
28191261	271	279	clinical	T062	C0008976
28191261	283	304	laboratory procedures	T059	C0022885
28191261	317	339	in vitro fertilization	T061	C0015915
28191261	358	367	potential	T080	C3245505
28191261	368	378	modifiable	T169	C0392747
28191261	379	386	factors	T169	C1521761
28191261	388	402	oxygen tension	T039	C1536627
28191261	410	424	embryo culture	T059	C0920489
28191261	426	431	fresh	T018	C0440732
28191261	432	447	embryo transfer	T061	C0013938
28191261	451	473	frozen embryo transfer	T061	C0404110
28191261	475	507	intracytoplasmic sperm injection	T061	C0455164
28191261	509	513	ICSI	T061	C0455164
28191261	518	543	conventional insemination	T061	C0021587
28191261	553	568	embryo transfer	T061	C0013938
28191261	578	593	embryo transfer	T061	C0013938
28191261	595	601	Global	T080	C2348867
28191261	602	613	methylation	T044	C0376452
28191261	614	620	levels	T080	C0441889
28191261	621	629	differed	T080	C1705242
28191261	638	647	placentas	T018	C0032043
28191261	653	672	natural conceptions	T033	C2113898
28191261	673	681	compared	T052	C1707455
28191261	685	694	placentas	T018	C0032043
28191261	695	711	conceived by IVF	T033	C2732461
28191261	713	722	Placentas	T018	C0032043
28191261	728	744	embryos cultured	T062	C0596501
28191261	752	758	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28191261	766	777	significant	T078	C0750502
28191261	778	789	differences	T081	C1705241
28191261	793	798	LINE1	T114	C0012868
28191261	799	810	methylation	T044	C0376452
28191261	811	819	compared	T052	C1707455
28191261	823	830	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28191261	831	842	conceptions	T040	C0009637
28191261	861	877	embryos cultured	T062	C0596501
28191261	884	890	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28191261	905	916	significant	T078	C0750502
28191261	917	928	differences	T081	C1705241
28191261	943	952	placentas	T018	C0032043
28191261	958	963	fresh	T018	C0440732
28191261	964	979	embryo transfer	T061	C0013938
28191261	984	995	significant	T078	C0750502
28191261	1009	1014	LINE1	T114	C0012868
28191261	1015	1026	methylation	T044	C0376452
28191261	1027	1035	compared	T052	C1707455
28191261	1039	1048	placentas	T018	C0032043
28191261	1054	1061	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28191261	1062	1073	conceptions	T040	C0009637
28191261	1081	1088	embryos	T018	C0013935
28191261	1089	1098	resulting	T169	C0678226
28191261	1104	1118	frozen embryos	T018	C0440733
28191261	1128	1139	significant	T078	C0750502
28191261	1158	1166	controls	T096	C0009932
28191261	1171	1174	sex	T032	C1522384
28191261	1177	1187	stratified	T080	C0205363
28191261	1188	1196	analysis	T062	C0936012
28191261	1203	1208	males	T032	C0086582
28191261	1213	1224	significant	T078	C0750502
28191261	1225	1236	methylation	T044	C0376452
28191261	1237	1248	differences	T081	C1705241
28191261	1252	1266	LINE1 elements	T114	C0012868
28191261	1267	1277	stratified	T080	C0205363
28191261	1286	1296	modifiable	T169	C0392747
28191261	1297	1304	factors	T169	C1521761
28191261	1319	1324	LINE1	T114	C0012868
28191261	1325	1336	methylation	T044	C0376452
28191261	1341	1354	significantly	T078	C0750502
28191261	1355	1364	different	T080	C1705242
28191261	1373	1378	males	T032	C0086582
28191261	1383	1390	females	T032	C0086287
28191261	1398	1416	control population	T096	C0009932
28191261	1438	1445	observe	T169	C1441672
28191261	1446	1449	sex	T032	C1522384
28191261	1452	1460	specific	T080	C0205369
28191261	1461	1472	differences	T081	C1705241
28191261	1480	1483	IVF	T061	C0015915
28191261	1484	1489	group	T098	C1257890
28191261	1494	1503	validated	T062	C1519941
28191261	1509	1512	sex	T032	C1522384
28191261	1515	1523	specific	T080	C0205369
28191261	1524	1535	observation	T062	C0302523
28191261	1553	1559	cohort	T098	C0599755
28191261	1567	1575	opposite	T082	C1521805
28191261	1576	1579	sex	T032	C1522384
28191261	1580	1583	IVF	T061	C0015915
28191261	1584	1589	twins	T099	C0041427
28191261	1608	1618	clinically	T080	C0205210
28191261	1619	1629	modifiable	T169	C0392747
28191261	1630	1637	factors	T169	C1521761
28191261	1639	1653	embryo culture	T059	C0920489
28191261	1666	1680	oxygen tension	T039	C1536627
28191261	1685	1690	fresh	T018	C0440732
28191261	1694	1716	frozen embryo transfer	T061	C0404110
28191261	1722	1737	associated with	T080	C0332281
28191261	1738	1744	global	T080	C2348867
28191261	1745	1754	placental	T018	C0032043
28191261	1755	1766	methylation	T044	C0376452
28191261	1767	1778	differences	T081	C1705241
28191261	1795	1800	males	T032	C0086582
28191261	1808	1812	more	T081	C0205172
28191261	1813	1823	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
28191261	1832	1841	treatment	T061	C0087111
28191261	1851	1857	global	T080	C2348867
28191261	1858	1865	changes	T169	C0392747
28191261	1869	1884	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28191261	1893	1900	females	T032	C0086287

28191544|t|MyHEART: A Non Randomized Feasibility Study of a Young Adult Hypertension Intervention
28191544|a|In the United States, young adults (18-39 year-olds) have the lowest hypertension control rates (35%) compared to middle-aged (58%) and older (54%) adults. Ambulatory care for hypertension management often focuses on medication with little time for self-management and behavioral counseling. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of MyHEART, a telephone-based health coach self-management intervention for young adults. The goals were to determine the intervention's ability to: 1) recruit young adults with uncontrolled hypertension, 2) maintain ongoing communication between the coach and participants, 3) increase participants' engagement in self-management, 4) document coach - patient communication in the electronic health record, and 5) assess patient acceptability. Eligible participants were identified through the electronic health record. Inclusion criteria included 18-39 year-olds, with ICD-9 hypertension diagnoses and uncontrolled hypertension (≥ 140/90 mmHg), receiving regular primary care at a large multispecialty group practice. The intervention consisted of 6 telephone self-management sessions by a health coach targeting lifestyle modifications. Patients completed an open-ended acceptability survey. Study uptake was 47% (9 enrolled/19 eligible). Mean (SD) age was 35.8 (2.6) years, 78% male, and 33% Black. Over 85% of enrolled young adults maintained communication with their health coach. At baseline, 11% reported checking their blood pressure outside of clinic; 44% reported blood pressure monitoring after the study. All coach - patient encounters were successfully documented in the electronic health record for primary care provider review. Open-ended responses from all surveys indicated that participants had a positive experience with the MyHEART intervention. This study demonstrated that MyHEART was feasible and acceptable to young adults with uncontrolled hypertension. Health coaches can effectively maintain ongoing communication with young adults, document communication in the electronic health record, and increase engagement with home blood pressure monitoring. The results of this study will inform a multi-center young adult randomized controlled trial of MyHEART.
28191544	0	7	MyHEART	T170	C0282574
28191544	11	43	Non Randomized Feasibility Study	T062	C2985410
28191544	49	60	Young Adult	T100	C0238598
28191544	61	73	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
28191544	74	86	Intervention	T061	C0184661
28191544	94	107	United States	T083	C0041703
28191544	109	121	young adults	T100	C0238598
28191544	149	155	lowest	T080	C1708760
28191544	156	168	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28191544	169	182	control rates	T169	C0489879
28191544	201	212	middle-aged	T100	C0205847
28191544	223	228	older	T098	C0001792
28191544	235	241	adults	T100	C0001675
28191544	243	258	Ambulatory care	T058	C0002423
28191544	263	275	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28191544	276	286	management	T058	C0376636
28191544	304	314	medication	T121	C0013227
28191544	336	351	self-management	T058	C0086969
28191544	356	377	behavioral counseling	T061	C0474215
28191544	406	414	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28191544	434	441	MyHEART	T170	C0282574
28191544	445	502	telephone-based health coach self-management intervention	T058	C3897368
28191544	461	473	health coach	T097	C2317129
28191544	474	489	self-management	T058	C0086969
28191544	507	519	young adults	T100	C0238598
28191544	525	530	goals	T170	C0018017
28191544	553	567	intervention's	T061	C0184661
28191544	591	603	young adults	T100	C0238598
28191544	609	621	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
28191544	622	634	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28191544	648	655	ongoing	T078	C0549178
28191544	656	669	communication	T054	C0009452
28191544	682	687	coach	T097	C2317129
28191544	692	704	participants	T098	C0679646
28191544	718	731	participants'	T098	C0679646
28191544	718	742	participants' engagement	T033	C2937292
28191544	746	761	self-management	T058	C0086969
28191544	766	774	document	T058	C0677106
28191544	775	780	coach	T097	C2317129
28191544	783	790	patient	T101	C0030705
28191544	791	804	communication	T054	C0009452
28191544	812	836	electronic health record	T170	C2362543
28191544	845	851	assess	T052	C1516048
28191544	852	859	patient	T101	C0030705
28191544	860	873	acceptability	T080	C0814633
28191544	875	883	Eligible	T080	C1548635
28191544	884	896	participants	T098	C0679646
28191544	902	912	identified	T080	C0205396
28191544	925	949	electronic health record	T170	C2362543
28191544	951	960	Inclusion	T080	C1512693
28191544	961	969	criteria	T078	C0243161
28191544	1001	1006	ICD-9	T170	C1137111
28191544	1007	1019	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28191544	1020	1029	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28191544	1034	1046	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
28191544	1047	1059	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28191544	1070	1074	mmHg	T081	C0439475
28191544	1087	1094	regular	T080	C0205272
28191544	1095	1107	primary care	T058	C0033137
28191544	1119	1139	multispecialty group	T097	C1552517
28191544	1119	1148	multispecialty group practice	T093	C0018262
28191544	1154	1166	intervention	T061	C0184661
28191544	1182	1191	telephone	T073	C0039457
28191544	1192	1207	self-management	T058	C0086969
28191544	1222	1234	health coach	T097	C2317129
28191544	1245	1268	lifestyle modifications	T054	C0870811
28191544	1270	1278	Patients	T101	C0030705
28191544	1279	1288	completed	T080	C0205197
28191544	1292	1323	open-ended acceptability survey	T062	C0018762
28191544	1372	1376	Mean	T081	C0444504
28191544	1378	1380	SD	T081	C0871420
28191544	1382	1385	age	T032	C0001779
28191544	1412	1416	male	T098	C0025266
28191544	1426	1431	Black	T098	C0005680
28191544	1454	1466	young adults	T100	C0238598
28191544	1478	1491	communication	T054	C0009452
28191544	1503	1515	health coach	T097	C2317129
28191544	1520	1528	baseline	T081	C1442488
28191544	1543	1551	checking	T052	C1283174
28191544	1558	1572	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28191544	1573	1580	outside	T082	C0205101
28191544	1584	1590	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28191544	1605	1630	blood pressure monitoring	T058	C0026426
28191544	1652	1657	coach	T097	C2317129
28191544	1660	1667	patient	T101	C0030705
28191544	1697	1707	documented	T058	C1301725
28191544	1715	1739	electronic health record	T170	C2362543
28191544	1744	1756	primary care	T058	C0033137
28191544	1757	1765	provider	T169	C1138603
28191544	1774	1794	Open-ended responses	T080	C2827655
28191544	1804	1811	surveys	T062	C0376688
28191544	1827	1839	participants	T098	C0679646
28191544	1875	1882	MyHEART	T170	C0282574
28191544	1883	1895	intervention	T061	C0184661
28191544	1902	1907	study	T062	C0008972
28191544	1926	1933	MyHEART	T170	C0282574
28191544	1951	1961	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28191544	1965	1977	young adults	T100	C0238598
28191544	1983	1995	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
28191544	1996	2008	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28191544	2010	2024	Health coaches	T097	C2317129
28191544	2050	2057	ongoing	T078	C0549178
28191544	2058	2071	communication	T054	C0009452
28191544	2077	2089	young adults	T100	C0238598
28191544	2100	2113	communication	T054	C0009452
28191544	2121	2145	electronic health record	T170	C2362543
28191544	2151	2159	increase	T169	C0442805
28191544	2160	2170	engagement	T033	C2937292
28191544	2176	2206	home blood pressure monitoring	T060	C1449681
28191544	2261	2272	young adult	T100	C0238598
28191544	2273	2300	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28191544	2304	2311	MyHEART	T170	C0282574

28191654|t|Epidemiology and cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with psoriasis: A Korean nationwide population-based cohort study
28191654|a|There is a lack of nationwide studies examining the epidemiology and comorbidities of psoriasis vulgaris (PsV) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in Asian populations. The purpose of this study is to determine the demographics of psoriasis in Korea along with the incidence of cerebro - cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities and to compare these risks between populations with PsA and with PsV. This cohort study identified 15 484 patients with psoriasis among 855 003 subjects in the Korean National Health Insurance Database from 2002 through 2010. The cases were further classified into PsA and PsV. We used hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) from the univariate and age - sex adjusted logistic regression model to assess the risk of comorbidities in patients with PsA and PsV. The annual prevalence of psoriasis increased from 313.2 to 453.5/100 000 people from 2002 through 2010; however, the overall incidence rate for psoriasis slightly decreased (252.7-212.6/100 000 population). Of psoriatic patients, 10.8% had PsA, and after adjusting for age and sex, PsA patients had a significantly higher risk of dyslipidemia than PsV patients (adjusted HR, 1.185; 95% CI, 1.049-1.338). When stratified by age group, subjects aged 20-39 years had a higher risk of stroke and many CV risk factors. In conclusion, the prevalence of psoriasis, while within the range of previous reports, tended to increase over time. Patients with PsA had higher burdens of specific comorbid diseases than those with PsV, especially at a comparatively early age.
28191654	0	12	Epidemiology	T169	C0014508
28191654	17	31	cardiovascular	T047	C0007222
28191654	32	45	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28191654	49	57	patients	T101	C0030705
28191654	63	72	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28191654	76	110	Korean nationwide population-based	T098	C1556095
28191654	111	123	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28191654	135	139	lack	T080	C0332268
28191654	143	153	nationwide	T082	C0681788
28191654	154	161	studies	T062	C2603343
28191654	162	171	examining	T033	C0332128
28191654	176	188	epidemiology	T169	C0014508
28191654	193	206	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28191654	210	228	psoriasis vulgaris	T047	C0263361
28191654	230	233	PsV	T047	C0263361
28191654	239	258	psoriatic arthritis	T047	C0003872
28191654	260	263	PsA	T047	C0003872
28191654	268	273	Asian	T098	C0078988
28191654	274	285	populations	T098	C1257890
28191654	291	298	purpose	T169	C1285529
28191654	319	328	determine	T080	C0521095
28191654	333	345	demographics	T090	C0011298
28191654	349	358	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28191654	362	367	Korea	T083	C0022771
28191654	383	392	incidence	T081	C0021149
28191654	396	403	cerebro	T047	C0007820
28191654	406	420	cardiovascular	T047	C0007222
28191654	422	424	CV	T047	C0007222
28191654	426	439	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28191654	447	454	compare	T052	C1707455
28191654	461	466	risks	T058	C0086930
28191654	475	486	populations	T098	C1257890
28191654	492	495	PsA	T047	C0003872
28191654	505	508	PsV	T047	C0263361
28191654	515	527	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28191654	528	538	identified	T080	C0205396
28191654	546	554	patients	T101	C0030705
28191654	560	569	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28191654	584	592	subjects	T096	C0681850
28191654	600	606	Korean	T098	C1556095
28191654	607	632	National Health Insurance	T058	C0027452
28191654	633	641	Database	T170	C0242356
28191654	670	675	cases	T169	C0868928
28191654	681	688	further	T082	C1517331
28191654	689	699	classified	T185	C0008902
28191654	705	708	PsA	T047	C0003872
28191654	713	716	PsV	T047	C0263361
28191654	726	739	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
28191654	741	743	HR	T081	C2985465
28191654	753	773	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28191654	775	777	CI	T081	C0009667
28191654	788	798	univariate	T062	C0683962
28191654	803	806	age	T032	C0001779
28191654	809	812	sex	T032	C1522384
28191654	822	847	logistic regression model	UnknownType	C0681925
28191654	851	866	assess the risk	T058	C0086930
28191654	870	883	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28191654	887	895	patients	T101	C0030705
28191654	901	904	PsA	T047	C0003872
28191654	909	912	PsV	T047	C0263361
28191654	918	924	annual	T079	C0332181
28191654	925	935	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28191654	939	948	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28191654	949	958	increased	T081	C0205217
28191654	987	993	people	T098	C0027361
28191654	1039	1053	incidence rate	T081	C1708485
28191654	1058	1067	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28191654	1068	1086	slightly decreased	T081	C0205216
28191654	1108	1118	population	T098	C1257890
28191654	1124	1133	psoriatic	T047	C0033860
28191654	1134	1142	patients	T101	C0030705
28191654	1154	1157	PsA	T047	C0003872
28191654	1183	1186	age	T032	C0001779
28191654	1191	1194	sex	T032	C1522384
28191654	1196	1199	PsA	T047	C0003872
28191654	1200	1208	patients	T101	C0030705
28191654	1215	1228	significantly	T078	C0750502
28191654	1229	1240	higher risk	T033	C3843761
28191654	1244	1256	dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
28191654	1262	1265	PsV	T047	C0263361
28191654	1266	1274	patients	T101	C0030705
28191654	1285	1287	HR	T081	C2985465
28191654	1300	1302	CI	T081	C0009667
28191654	1323	1333	stratified	T080	C0205363
28191654	1337	1346	age group	T100	C0027362
28191654	1348	1361	subjects aged	T032	C2348575
28191654	1368	1373	years	T079	C0439234
28191654	1380	1391	higher risk	T033	C3843761
28191654	1395	1401	stroke	T047	C0038454
28191654	1411	1413	CV	T047	C0007222
28191654	1414	1426	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28191654	1447	1457	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28191654	1461	1470	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28191654	1489	1494	range	T081	C1514721
28191654	1498	1506	previous	T079	C0205156
28191654	1507	1514	reports	T170	C0684224
28191654	1526	1534	increase	T169	C0442805
28191654	1535	1544	over time	T079	C0040223
28191654	1546	1554	Patients	T101	C0030705
28191654	1560	1563	PsA	T047	C0003872
28191654	1568	1582	higher burdens	T078	C2828008
28191654	1595	1612	comorbid diseases	T047	C0012634
28191654	1629	1632	PsV	T047	C0263361
28191654	1650	1663	comparatively	T080	C0205556
28191654	1664	1673	early age	T032	C0001779

28192066|t|Performance of Debaryomyces hansenii as a Diet for Rotifers for Feeding Zebrafish Larvae
28192066|a|The zebrafish larval stage is a critical moment due to high mortality rates associated with inadequate supplies of nutritional requirements. Larval feeding has important challenges associated with such factors as small mouth gape (≈100 μm), the low activity of digestive enzymes, and the intake of live food. A common zebrafish live food at the onset of exogenous feeding is rotifers, mainly Brachionus plicatilis. These rotifers should be fed with other microorganisms such as microalgae or yeast, mostly from the Saccharomyces genus. In the laboratory, the culture of microalgae is more expensive than the culture of yeast. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Debaryomyces hansenii as a diet for rotifers in comparison to a microalgae -based diet (Rotigrow(®)). To achieve this aim, we assessed the rotifer total protein content, the rotifers fatty acid profile, zebrafish larval growth performance, the expression of key growth, and endocrine appetite regulation genes. The total protein and fatty acids content were similar in both rotifer cultures, averaging 35% of dry matter (DM) and 18% of DM, respectively. Interestingly, the fatty acids profile showed differences between the two rotifer cultures: omega-3 fatty acids were only observed in the Microalgae / rotifer, whereas, omega-6 fatty acids presented similar levels in both rotifer cultures. No differences were observed in the larval body length distribution or mortalities between the rotifer cultures. However, gh, igf-1, and cck gene expression showed significantly higher upregulation in zebrafish fed the Microalgae / rotifer diet compared with those fed the Debaryomyces / rotifer diet. In conclusion, D. hansenii could be an alternative diet for rotifer used as a live food in zebrafish larvae at the onset of exogenous feeding. The gene responses observed in this work open up the opportunity to study the effect of omega-3 supply on growth regulation in zebrafish.
28192066	0	11	Performance	T052	C1882330
28192066	15	36	Debaryomyces hansenii	T004	C0446020
28192066	42	46	Diet	T168	C0012155
28192066	51	59	Rotifers	T204	C0035873
28192066	64	71	Feeding	T052	C2987508
28192066	72	81	Zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28192066	82	88	Larvae	T204	C0023047
28192066	93	102	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28192066	103	109	larval	T204	C0023047
28192066	110	115	stage	T079	C1306673
28192066	149	164	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
28192066	165	180	associated with	T080	C0332281
28192066	181	191	inadequate	T080	C0205412
28192066	192	200	supplies	T081	C0016491
28192066	204	228	nutritional requirements	T032	C0028719
28192066	230	236	Larval	T204	C0023047
28192066	237	244	feeding	T052	C2987508
28192066	270	285	associated with	T080	C0332281
28192066	291	298	factors	T169	C1521761
28192066	302	307	small	T081	C0700321
28192066	308	313	mouth	T030	C0226896
28192066	314	318	gape	T082	C3887622
28192066	334	337	low	T080	C0205251
28192066	338	346	activity	T052	C0441655
28192066	350	367	digestive enzymes	T116,T121,T126	C0544420
28192066	377	383	intake	T169	C1512806
28192066	387	396	live food	T168	C0016452
28192066	407	416	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28192066	417	426	live food	T168	C0016452
28192066	434	442	onset of	T080	C0332162
28192066	443	452	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28192066	453	460	feeding	T052	C2987508
28192066	464	472	rotifers	T204	C0035873
28192066	481	502	Brachionus plicatilis	T204	C1093043
28192066	510	518	rotifers	T204	C0035873
28192066	529	532	fed	T052	C2987508
28192066	544	558	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28192066	567	577	microalgae	T204	C2936330
28192066	581	586	yeast	T004	C0043393
28192066	604	623	Saccharomyces genus	T004	C0036024
28192066	632	642	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28192066	648	655	culture	T059	C0430400
28192066	659	669	microalgae	T204	C2936330
28192066	697	704	culture	T059	C0430400
28192066	708	713	yeast	T004	C0043393
28192066	731	736	study	T062	C2603343
28192066	744	752	evaluate	T033	C0243095
28192066	757	768	performance	T052	C1882330
28192066	772	793	Debaryomyces hansenii	T004	C0446020
28192066	799	803	diet	T168	C0012155
28192066	808	816	rotifers	T204	C0035873
28192066	836	846	microalgae	T204	C2936330
28192066	854	858	diet	T168	C0012155
28192066	860	871	Rotigrow(®)	T168	C0012155
28192066	898	906	assessed	T052	C1516048
28192066	911	918	rotifer	T204	C0035873
28192066	919	940	total protein content	T059	C0555903
28192066	946	954	rotifers	T204	C0035873
28192066	955	973	fatty acid profile	T059	C0202009
28192066	975	984	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28192066	985	991	larval	T204	C0023047
28192066	992	998	growth	T040	C0018270
28192066	999	1010	performance	T052	C1882330
28192066	1016	1026	expression	T045	C0017262
28192066	1034	1040	growth	T040	C0018270
28192066	1046	1055	endocrine	T022	C0014136
28192066	1056	1075	appetite regulation	T040	C0003622
28192066	1076	1081	genes	T028	C0017337
28192066	1087	1100	total protein	T059	C0555903
28192066	1105	1124	fatty acids content	T059	C0202009
28192066	1146	1153	rotifer	T204	C0035873
28192066	1154	1162	cultures	T059	C0430400
28192066	1164	1173	averaging	T081	C1510992
28192066	1181	1191	dry matter	T167	C0439861
28192066	1193	1195	DM	T167	C0439861
28192066	1208	1210	DM	T167	C0439861
28192066	1245	1264	fatty acids profile	T059	C0202009
28192066	1272	1283	differences	T081	C1705241
28192066	1300	1307	rotifer	T204	C0035873
28192066	1308	1316	cultures	T059	C0430400
28192066	1318	1337	omega-3 fatty acids	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28192066	1364	1374	Microalgae	T204	C2936330
28192066	1377	1384	rotifer	T204	C0035873
28192066	1395	1414	omega-6 fatty acids	T109,T123	C0133860
28192066	1433	1439	levels	T080	C0441889
28192066	1448	1455	rotifer	T204	C0035873
28192066	1456	1464	cultures	T059	C0430400
28192066	1466	1480	No differences	T033	C3842396
28192066	1502	1508	larval	T204	C0023047
28192066	1509	1520	body length	T032	C0005890
28192066	1521	1533	distribution	T169	C1704711
28192066	1537	1548	mortalities	T081	C0026565
28192066	1561	1568	rotifer	T204	C0035873
28192066	1569	1577	cultures	T059	C0430400
28192066	1588	1590	gh	T116,T121,T125	C0037663
28192066	1592	1597	igf-1	T116,T123	C0021665
28192066	1603	1606	cck	T028	C1413167
28192066	1607	1622	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28192066	1644	1650	higher	T080	C0205250
28192066	1651	1663	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28192066	1667	1676	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28192066	1677	1680	fed	T052	C2987508
28192066	1685	1695	Microalgae	T204	C2936330
28192066	1698	1705	rotifer	T204	C0035873
28192066	1706	1710	diet	T168	C0012155
28192066	1731	1734	fed	T052	C2987508
28192066	1739	1751	Debaryomyces	T004	C0446020
28192066	1754	1761	rotifer	T204	C0035873
28192066	1762	1766	diet	T168	C0012155
28192066	1783	1794	D. hansenii	T004	C0446020
28192066	1807	1818	alternative	T077	C1523987
28192066	1819	1823	diet	T168	C0012155
28192066	1828	1835	rotifer	T204	C0035873
28192066	1846	1855	live food	T168	C0016452
28192066	1859	1868	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28192066	1869	1875	larvae	T204	C0023047
28192066	1883	1891	onset of	T080	C0332162
28192066	1892	1901	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28192066	1902	1909	feeding	T052	C2987508
28192066	1964	1975	opportunity	T062	C0683937
28192066	1979	1984	study	T062	C2603343
28192066	1989	1998	effect of	T080	C1704420
28192066	1999	2006	omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28192066	2007	2013	supply	T078	C0243163
28192066	2017	2034	growth regulation	T040	C1160191
28192066	2038	2047	zebrafish	T013	C0043457

28192171|t|A new light on Alkaptonuria: A Fourier-transform infrared microscopy (FTIRM) and low energy X-ray fluorescence microscopy (LEXRF) correlative study on a rare disease
28192171|a|Alkaptonuria (AKU) is an ultra-rare disease associated to the lack of an enzyme involved in tyrosine catabolism. This deficiency results in the accumulation of homogentisic acid (HGA) in the form of ochronotic pigment in joint cartilage, leading to a severe arthropathy. Secondary amyloidosis has been also unequivocally assessed as a comorbidity of AKU arthropathy. Composition of ochronotic pigment and how it is structurally related to amyloid is still unknown. We exploited Synchrotron Radiation Infrared and X-Ray Fluorescence microscopies in combination with conventional bio-assays and analytical tools to characterize chemical composition and morphology of AKU cartilage. We evinced that AKU cartilage is characterized by proteoglycans depletion, increased Sodium levels, accumulation of lipids in the peri-lacunar regions and amyloid formation. We also highlighted an increase of aromatic compounds and oxygen-containing species, depletion in overall Magnesium content (although localized in the peri-lacunar region) and the presence of calcium carbonate fragments in proximity of cartilage lacunae. We highlighted common features between AKU and arthropathy, but also specific signatures of the disease, like presence of amyloids and peculiar calcifications. Our analyses provide a unified picture of AKU cartilage, shedding a new light on the disease and opening new perspectives. Ochronotic pigment is a hallmark of AKU and responsible of tissue degeneration. Conventional bio-assays have not yet clarified its composition and its structural relationship with amyloids. The present work proposes new strategies for filling the aforementioned gap that encompass the integration of new analytical approaches with standardized analyses.
28192171	15	27	Alkaptonuria	T047	C0002066
28192171	31	68	Fourier-transform infrared microscopy	T059	C0596777
28192171	70	75	FTIRM	T059	C0596777
28192171	81	121	low energy X-ray fluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
28192171	123	128	LEXRF	T059	C0026022
28192171	130	147	correlative study	T062	C1511524
28192171	153	165	rare disease	T047	C0678236
28192171	166	178	Alkaptonuria	T047	C0002066
28192171	180	183	AKU	T047	C0002066
28192171	191	209	ultra-rare disease	T047	C0678236
28192171	210	220	associated	T080	C0332281
28192171	228	232	lack	T080	C0332268
28192171	239	245	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28192171	258	277	tyrosine catabolism	T044	C1156678
28192171	284	294	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28192171	310	322	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28192171	326	343	homogentisic acid	T109,T123	C0019881
28192171	345	348	HGA	T109,T123	C0019881
28192171	365	383	ochronotic pigment	UnknownType	C0028818
28192171	387	392	joint	T030	C0022417
28192171	393	402	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28192171	417	423	severe	T080	C0205082
28192171	424	435	arthropathy	T047	C0022408
28192171	437	458	Secondary amyloidosis	T047	C0002726
28192171	473	486	unequivocally	T080	C4053896
28192171	487	495	assessed	T052	C1516048
28192171	501	512	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28192171	516	519	AKU	T047	C0002066
28192171	520	531	arthropathy	T047	C0022408
28192171	548	566	ochronotic pigment	UnknownType	C0028818
28192171	581	593	structurally	T082	C0678594
28192171	605	612	amyloid	T116,T123	C0002716
28192171	644	665	Synchrotron Radiation	T067	C0599746
28192171	666	674	Infrared	T059	C0596777
28192171	679	710	X-Ray Fluorescence microscopies	T059	C0026022
28192171	744	754	bio-assays	T059	C0005507
28192171	759	769	analytical	T062	C0936012
28192171	792	812	chemical composition	T070	C0243176
28192171	817	827	morphology	T080	C0332437
28192171	831	834	AKU	T047	C0002066
28192171	835	844	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28192171	849	856	evinced	T169	C0205319
28192171	862	865	AKU	T047	C0002066
28192171	866	875	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28192171	896	909	proteoglycans	T116,T123	C0033692
28192171	910	919	depletion	T169	C0333668
28192171	921	944	increased Sodium levels	T033	C0595879
28192171	946	958	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28192171	962	968	lipids	T109	C0023779
28192171	976	996	peri-lacunar regions	T030	C0229984
28192171	1001	1008	amyloid	T116,T123	C0002716
28192171	1009	1018	formation	T169	C1522492
28192171	1043	1051	increase	T169	C0442805
28192171	1055	1073	aromatic compounds	T109	C1510940
28192171	1078	1103	oxygen-containing species	T197	C0684299
28192171	1105	1114	depletion	T169	C0333668
28192171	1126	1135	Magnesium	T123,T196	C0024467
28192171	1136	1143	content	T081	C1264655
28192171	1154	1163	localized	T082	C0392752
28192171	1171	1190	peri-lacunar region	T030	C0229984
28192171	1200	1208	presence	T033	C0150312
28192171	1212	1229	calcium carbonate	T121,T197	C0006681
28192171	1243	1252	proximity	T082	C1514583
28192171	1256	1273	cartilage lacunae	T030	C0225370
28192171	1290	1296	common	T081	C0205214
28192171	1314	1317	AKU	T047	C0002066
28192171	1322	1333	arthropathy	T047	C0022408
28192171	1371	1378	disease	T047	C0012634
28192171	1385	1393	presence	T033	C0150312
28192171	1397	1405	amyloids	T116,T123	C0002716
28192171	1410	1418	peculiar	T033	C0205161
28192171	1419	1433	calcifications	T042	C1533591
28192171	1439	1447	analyses	T062	C0936012
28192171	1477	1480	AKU	T047	C0002066
28192171	1481	1490	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28192171	1520	1527	disease	T047	C0012634
28192171	1540	1543	new	T080	C0205314
28192171	1558	1576	Ochronotic pigment	UnknownType	C0028818
28192171	1594	1597	AKU	T047	C0002066
28192171	1617	1636	tissue degeneration	T042	C1623047
28192171	1651	1661	bio-assays	T059	C0005507
28192171	1689	1700	composition	T070	C0243176
28192171	1709	1719	structural	T082	C0678594
28192171	1720	1732	relationship	T080	C0439849
28192171	1738	1746	amyloids	T116,T123	C0002716
28192171	1752	1759	present	T079	C0521116
28192171	1760	1764	work	T062	C0035168
28192171	1843	1854	integration	T169	C0243126
28192171	1862	1872	analytical	T062	C0936012
28192171	1889	1901	standardized	T080	C1442989
28192171	1902	1910	analyses	T062	C0936012

28192718|t|Quantitative determination of five metabolites of aspirin by UHPLC-MS / MS coupled with enzymatic reaction and its application to evaluate the effects of aspirin dosage on the metabolic profile
28192718|a|Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin, ASA) is a famous drug for cardiovascular diseases in recent years. Effects of ASA dosage on the metabolic profile have not been fully understood. The purpose of our study is to establish a rapid and reliable method to quantify ASA metabolites in biological matrices, especially for glucuronide metabolites whose standards are not commercially available. Then we applied this method to evaluate the effects of ASA dosage on the metabolic and excretion profile of ASA metabolites in rat urine. Salicylic acid (SA), gentisic acid (GA) and salicyluric acid (SUA) were determined directly by UHPLC-MS / MS, while salicyl phenolic glucuronide (SAPG) and salicyluric acid phenolic glucuronide (SUAPG) were quantified indirectly by measuring the released SA and SUA from SAPG and SUAPG after β-glucuronidase digestion. SUA and SUAPG were the major metabolites of ASA in rat urine 24 h after ASA administration, which accounted for 50% (SUA) and 26% (SUAPG). When ASA dosage was increased, the contributions dropped to 32% and 18%, respectively. The excretion of other three metabolites (GA, SA and SAPG) however showed remarkable increases by 16%, 6% and 4%, respectively. In addition, SUA and SUAPG were mainly excreted in the time period of 12-24 h, while GA was excreted in the earlier time periods (0-4 h and 4-8 h). SA was mainly excreted in the time period of 0-4 h and 12-24 h. And the excretion of SAPG was equally distributed in the four time periods. We went further to show that the excretion of five metabolites in rat urine was delayed when ASA dosage was increased. In conclusion, we have developed a rapid and sensitive method to determine the five ASA metabolites (SA, GA, SUA, SAPG and SUAPG) in rat urine. We showed that ASA dosage could significantly influence the metabolic and excretion profile of ASA metabolites in rat urine.
28192718	0	12	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28192718	13	26	determination	T059	C1148554
28192718	35	46	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28192718	50	57	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	61	69	UHPLC-MS	T059	C4053724
28192718	72	74	MS	T059	C0037813
28192718	75	82	coupled	T169	C1948027
28192718	88	106	enzymatic reaction	T044	C1511131
28192718	143	150	effects	T080	C1280500
28192718	154	161	aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	162	168	dosage	T081	C0178602
28192718	176	193	metabolic profile	T039	C3853758
28192718	194	214	Acetylsalicylic acid	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	216	223	Aspirin	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	225	228	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	242	246	drug	T121	C0013227
28192718	251	274	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28192718	285	290	years	T079	C0439234
28192718	303	306	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	307	313	dosage	T081	C0178602
28192718	321	338	metabolic profile	T039	C3853758
28192718	390	395	study	T062	C2603343
28192718	414	419	rapid	T080	C0456962
28192718	424	432	reliable	T170	C3858758
28192718	433	439	method	T059	C0022885
28192718	443	451	quantify	T081	C1709793
28192718	452	455	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	456	467	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28192718	471	490	biological matrices	T031	C1706515
28192718	507	518	glucuronide	T109	C0812407
28192718	519	530	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28192718	600	606	method	T059	C0022885
28192718	634	637	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	638	644	dosage	T081	C0178602
28192718	652	661	metabolic	T039	C3853758
28192718	666	675	excretion	T039	C0221102
28192718	676	683	profile	T081	C0237801
28192718	687	690	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	691	702	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28192718	706	709	rat	T015	C0034721
28192718	710	715	urine	T031	C0042036
28192718	717	731	Salicylic acid	T109,T121	C0036079
28192718	733	735	SA	T109,T121	C0036079
28192718	738	751	gentisic acid	T109,T121	C0045555
28192718	753	755	GA	T109,T121	C0045555
28192718	761	777	salicyluric acid	T109	C0073984
28192718	779	782	SUA	T109	C0073984
28192718	812	820	UHPLC-MS	T059	C4053724
28192718	823	825	MS	T059	C0037813
28192718	833	861	salicyl phenolic glucuronide	T109	C0044622
28192718	863	867	SAPG	T109	C0044622
28192718	873	910	salicyluric acid phenolic glucuronide	T109	C0752086
28192718	912	917	SUAPG	T109	C0752086
28192718	924	934	quantified	T081	C1709793
28192718	972	974	SA	T109,T121	C0036079
28192718	979	982	SUA	T109	C0073984
28192718	988	992	SAPG	T109	C0044622
28192718	997	1002	SUAPG	T109	C0752086
28192718	1009	1024	β-glucuronidase	T116,T126,T130	C0017776
28192718	1025	1034	digestion	T040	C0012238
28192718	1036	1039	SUA	T109	C0073984
28192718	1044	1049	SUAPG	T109	C0752086
28192718	1065	1076	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28192718	1080	1083	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	1087	1090	rat	T015	C0034721
28192718	1091	1096	urine	T031	C0042036
28192718	1100	1101	h	T079	C0439227
28192718	1108	1111	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	1112	1126	administration	T081	C0001555
28192718	1153	1156	SUA	T109	C0073984
28192718	1167	1172	SUAPG	T109	C0752086
28192718	1180	1183	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	1184	1190	dosage	T081	C0178602
28192718	1195	1204	increased	T081	C0205217
28192718	1266	1275	excretion	T039	C0221102
28192718	1291	1302	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28192718	1304	1306	GA	T109,T121	C0045555
28192718	1308	1310	SA	T109,T121	C0036079
28192718	1315	1319	SAPG	T109	C0044622
28192718	1403	1406	SUA	T109	C0073984
28192718	1411	1416	SUAPG	T109	C0752086
28192718	1429	1437	excreted	T039	C0221102
28192718	1445	1456	time period	T079	C1948053
28192718	1466	1467	h	T079	C0439227
28192718	1475	1477	GA	T109,T121	C0045555
28192718	1482	1490	excreted	T039	C0221102
28192718	1506	1518	time periods	T079	C1948053
28192718	1524	1525	h	T079	C0439227
28192718	1534	1535	h	T079	C0439227
28192718	1538	1540	SA	T109,T121	C0036079
28192718	1552	1560	excreted	T039	C0221102
28192718	1568	1579	time period	T079	C1948053
28192718	1587	1588	h	T079	C0439227
28192718	1599	1600	h	T079	C0439227
28192718	1610	1619	excretion	T039	C0221102
28192718	1623	1627	SAPG	T109	C0044622
28192718	1664	1676	time periods	T079	C1948053
28192718	1711	1720	excretion	T039	C0221102
28192718	1729	1740	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28192718	1744	1747	rat	T015	C0034721
28192718	1748	1753	urine	T031	C0042036
28192718	1771	1774	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	1775	1781	dosage	T081	C0178602
28192718	1786	1795	increased	T081	C0205217
28192718	1832	1837	rapid	T080	C0456962
28192718	1842	1851	sensitive	T169	C0205342
28192718	1852	1858	method	T059	C0022885
28192718	1881	1884	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	1885	1896	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28192718	1898	1900	SA	T109,T121	C0036079
28192718	1902	1904	GA	T109,T121	C0045555
28192718	1906	1909	SUA	T109	C0073984
28192718	1911	1915	SAPG	T109	C0044622
28192718	1920	1925	SUAPG	T109	C0752086
28192718	1930	1933	rat	T015	C0034721
28192718	1934	1939	urine	T031	C0042036
28192718	1956	1959	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	1960	1966	dosage	T081	C0178602
28192718	1987	1996	influence	T077	C4054723
28192718	2001	2010	metabolic	T039	C3853758
28192718	2015	2024	excretion	T039	C0221102
28192718	2025	2032	profile	T081	C0237801
28192718	2036	2039	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28192718	2040	2051	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28192718	2055	2058	rat	T015	C0034721
28192718	2059	2064	urine	T031	C0042036

28193091|t|Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Reduces All-Cause Mortality
28193091|a|We performed an updated meta-analysis of the longest (≥13 years) follow-up results from 4 randomized controlled trials of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening in ≥64-year-old men. Invitation to screening reduced all-cause mortality significantly according to time-to-event data (hazard ratio: 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96-0.99; P = .003) despite no reduction according to dichotomous data (odds ratio [OR]: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.96-1.01; P = .23). Invitation to screening reduced AAA -related mortality significantly (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.47-0.93; P = .02) but did not reduce non - AAA -related mortality (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.98-1.02; P = .96). All-cause, AAA -related, and non - AAA -related mortalities were significantly lower in attenders than in nonattenders, in noninvitees, or in both. All-cause (OR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.23-1.63; P < .00001) and non - AAA -related mortalities (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.18-1.64; P < .0001) were significantly higher in nonattenders than in noninvitees. In conclusion, invitation to AAA screening in ≥64-year-old men reduced both all-cause and AAA -related mortalities significantly. All-cause and non- AAA -related mortalities were significantly higher in nonattenders than in noninvitees, though both did not undergo screening.
28193091	0	35	Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening	T061	C3698466
28193091	44	53	All-Cause	T033	C0007465
28193091	54	63	Mortality	T081	C0205848
28193091	88	101	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28193091	129	146	follow-up results	T170	C1704685
28193091	154	182	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28193091	186	227	abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) screening	T061	C3698466
28193091	281	290	all-cause	T033	C0007465
28193091	291	300	mortality	T081	C0205848
28193091	328	346	time-to-event data	T080	C2987299
28193091	372	391	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28193091	393	395	CI	T081	C0009667
28193091	453	469	dichotomous data	T170	C0150098
28193091	471	481	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28193091	483	485	OR	T081	C0028873
28193091	498	500	CI	T081	C0009667
28193091	537	546	screening	T058	C0220908
28193091	555	558	AAA	T047	C0162871
28193091	568	577	mortality	T081	C0205848
28193091	593	595	OR	T081	C0028873
28193091	607	609	CI	T081	C0009667
28193091	650	653	non	T078	C1546988
28193091	656	659	AAA	T047	C0162871
28193091	669	678	mortality	T081	C0205848
28193091	680	682	OR	T081	C0028873
28193091	694	696	CI	T081	C0009667
28193091	719	728	All-cause	T033	C0007465
28193091	730	733	AAA	T047	C0162871
28193091	748	751	non	T078	C1546988
28193091	754	757	AAA	T047	C0162871
28193091	767	778	mortalities	T081	C0205848
28193091	807	816	attenders	T098	C1257890
28193091	825	837	nonattenders	T098	C1257890
28193091	842	853	noninvitees	T098	C1257890
28193091	867	876	All-cause	T033	C0007465
28193091	878	880	OR	T081	C0028873
28193091	892	894	CI	T081	C0009667
28193091	923	926	non	T078	C1546988
28193091	929	932	AAA	T047	C0162871
28193091	942	953	mortalities	T081	C0205848
28193091	955	957	OR	T081	C0028873
28193091	969	971	CI	T081	C0009667
28193091	1024	1036	nonattenders	T098	C1257890
28193091	1045	1056	noninvitees	T098	C1257890
28193091	1087	1090	AAA	T047	C0162871
28193091	1091	1100	screening	T058	C0220908
28193091	1134	1143	all-cause	T033	C0007465
28193091	1148	1151	AAA	T047	C0162871
28193091	1161	1172	mortalities	T081	C0205848
28193091	1188	1197	All-cause	T033	C0007465
28193091	1207	1210	AAA	T047	C0162871
28193091	1220	1231	mortalities	T081	C0205848
28193091	1261	1273	nonattenders	T098	C1257890
28193091	1282	1293	noninvitees	T098	C1257890
28193091	1323	1332	screening	T058	C0220908

28193167|t|Helicobacter pylori prevalence and clinical significance in patients with quiescent Crohn's disease
28193167|a|Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection is present in about 50% of the global population, and is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic disease and gastric malignancies. HP prevalence in Crohn's disease (CD) patients was shown to be low compared to the general population, and its influence on disease activity is yet to be determined. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of HP in a selected group of CD patients with quiescent disease, and to assess the influence of its eradication on disease activity and endoscopic and laboratory activity measures. Consecutive CD patients with quiescent disease underwent meticulous disease evaluation with MR enterography (MRE), video capsule endoscopy (VCE), CRP, fecal calprotectin and CDAI. All patients were tested for the presence of HP using stool antigen detection kit. Patients infected with HP were offered eradication treatment with sequential therapy. HP eradication was confirmed using urease breath test and stool antigen test. The influence of HP eradication on disease activity was assessed. Out of 56 patients enrolled, six patients (10.7%) had HP infection. Of them, five patients had gastro- duodenitis per VCE. All HP positive patients were offered eradication treatment and underwent successful eradication. Notably, 23 (50%) of patients had proximal disease per VCE, most of them (78%) were HP negative. CDAI, CRP, fecal calprotectin and VCE Lewis inflammatory score did not change significantly following HP eradication, Gastric findings on VCE were not impacted by HP eradication. The prevalence of HP infection in patients with quiescent CD is relatively low. Eradication of the bacteria did not significantly change neither disease activity measures nor the presence of gastro- duodenitis per VCE, suggesting it might be part of proximal CD. The influence of HP on CD activity merits further investigation.
28193167	0	19	Helicobacter pylori	T007	C0079488
28193167	20	30	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28193167	35	56	clinical significance	T033	C2826293
28193167	60	68	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	74	99	quiescent Crohn's disease	UnknownType	C0941060
28193167	100	134	Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection	T047	C0079487
28193167	166	183	global population	T098	C1257890
28193167	192	207	associated with	T080	C0332281
28193167	208	225	chronic gastritis	T047	C0085695
28193167	227	241	peptic disease	T047	C0030920
28193167	246	266	gastric malignancies	T191	C0024623
28193167	268	270	HP	T007	C0079488
28193167	271	281	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28193167	285	300	Crohn's disease	T047	C0010346
28193167	302	304	CD	T047	C0010346
28193167	306	314	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	359	369	population	T098	C1257890
28193167	392	408	disease activity	T060	C4065474
28193167	465	475	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28193167	479	481	HP	T007	C0079488
28193167	505	507	CD	T047	C0010346
28193167	508	516	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	522	539	quiescent disease	UnknownType	C0941060
28193167	576	587	eradication	T058	C3178994
28193167	591	607	disease activity	T060	C4065474
28193167	612	622	endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28193167	627	655	laboratory activity measures	T059	C0022885
28193167	669	671	CD	T047	C0010346
28193167	672	680	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	686	703	quiescent disease	UnknownType	C0941060
28193167	714	732	meticulous disease	T047	C0012634
28193167	733	743	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28193167	749	764	MR enterography	T060	C4274338
28193167	766	769	MRE	T060	C4274338
28193167	772	795	video capsule endoscopy	T060	C1721048
28193167	797	800	VCE	T060	C1721048
28193167	803	806	CRP	T059	C0201657
28193167	808	826	fecal calprotectin	T059	C1964053
28193167	831	835	CDAI	T170	C0451071
28193167	841	849	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	855	861	tested	T169	C0039593
28193167	882	884	HP	T007	C0079488
28193167	891	918	stool antigen detection kit	T059	C3835661
28193167	920	928	Patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	929	937	infected	T033	C0439663
28193167	943	945	HP	T007	C0079488
28193167	959	980	eradication treatment	T061	C0559761
28193167	997	1004	therapy	T061	C0087111
28193167	1006	1008	HP	T007	C0079488
28193167	1009	1020	eradication	T058	C3178994
28193167	1041	1059	urease breath test	T059	C0695064
28193167	1064	1082	stool antigen test	T059	C3835661
28193167	1101	1103	HP	T007	C0079488
28193167	1104	1115	eradication	T058	C3178994
28193167	1119	1135	disease activity	T060	C4065474
28193167	1160	1168	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	1183	1191	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	1204	1216	HP infection	T047	C0079487
28193167	1232	1240	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	1245	1263	gastro- duodenitis	T047	C0267166
28193167	1268	1271	VCE	T060	C1721048
28193167	1277	1288	HP positive	T034	C2748084
28193167	1289	1297	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	1311	1332	eradication treatment	T061	C0559761
28193167	1358	1369	eradication	T058	C3178994
28193167	1392	1400	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	1405	1413	proximal	T082	C0205107
28193167	1414	1421	disease	T047	C0012634
28193167	1426	1429	VCE	T060	C1721048
28193167	1455	1466	HP negative	T034	C1254360
28193167	1468	1472	CDAI	T170	C0451071
28193167	1474	1477	CRP	T059	C0201657
28193167	1479	1497	fecal calprotectin	T059	C1964053
28193167	1502	1505	VCE	T060	C1721048
28193167	1506	1530	Lewis inflammatory score	T033	C0243095
28193167	1570	1572	HP	T007	C0079488
28193167	1573	1584	eradication	T058	C3178994
28193167	1586	1602	Gastric findings	T033	C0455811
28193167	1606	1609	VCE	T060	C1721048
28193167	1631	1633	HP	T007	C0079488
28193167	1634	1645	eradication	T058	C3178994
28193167	1651	1661	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28193167	1665	1667	HP	T007	C0079488
28193167	1668	1677	infection	T047	C0079487
28193167	1681	1689	patients	T101	C0030705
28193167	1695	1707	quiescent CD	UnknownType	C0941060
28193167	1727	1738	Eradication	T058	C3178994
28193167	1746	1754	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28193167	1792	1817	disease activity measures	T060	C4065474
28193167	1838	1856	gastro- duodenitis	T047	C0267166
28193167	1861	1864	VCE	T060	C1721048
28193167	1897	1905	proximal	T082	C0205107
28193167	1906	1908	CD	T047	C0010346
28193167	1927	1929	HP	T007	C0079488
28193167	1933	1944	CD activity	T170	C0451071

28193256|t|Unbiased estimates of cerebrospinal fluid β-amyloid 1-42 cutoffs in a large memory clinic population
28193256|a|We sought to define a cutoff for β-amyloid 1-42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a key marker for Alzheimer's disease (AD), with data-driven Gaussian mixture modeling in a memory clinic population. We performed a combined cross-sectional and prospective cohort study. We selected 2462 subjects with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, AD -type dementia, and dementia other than AD from the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort. We defined CSF β-amyloid 1-42 cutoffs by data-driven Gaussian mixture modeling in the total population and in subgroups based on clinical diagnosis, age, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. We investigated whether abnormal β-amyloid 1-42 as defined by the data-driven cutoff could better predict progression to AD -type dementia than abnormal β-amyloid 1-42 defined by a clinical diagnosis -based cutoff using Cox proportional hazards regression. In the total group of patients, we found a cutoff for abnormal CSF β-amyloid 1-42 of 680 pg/ml (95% CI 660-705 pg/ml). Similar cutoffs were found within diagnostic and APOE genotype subgroups. The cutoff was higher in elderly subjects than in younger subjects. The data-driven cutoff was higher than our clinical diagnosis -based cutoff and had a better predictive accuracy for progression to AD -type dementia in nondemented subjects (HR 7.6 versus 5.2, p < 0.01). Mixture modeling is a robust method to determine cutoffs for CSF β-amyloid 1-42. It might better capture biological changes that are related to AD than cutoffs based on clinical diagnosis.
28193256	0	18	Unbiased estimates	T062	C1711255
28193256	22	41	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
28193256	42	56	β-amyloid 1-42	T116,T123	C0169424
28193256	57	64	cutoffs	T169	C1442160
28193256	76	89	memory clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28193256	90	100	population	T098	C1257890
28193256	123	129	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28193256	134	148	β-amyloid 1-42	T116,T123	C0169424
28193256	152	171	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
28193256	173	176	CSF	T031	C0007806
28193256	185	191	marker	T201	C0005516
28193256	196	215	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28193256	217	219	AD	T047	C0002395
28193256	227	238	data-driven	T080	C3899452
28193256	239	264	Gaussian mixture modeling	T081,T170	C0026348
28193256	270	283	memory clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28193256	284	294	population	T098	C1257890
28193256	320	335	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
28193256	340	364	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
28193256	383	391	subjects	T098	C2349001
28193256	397	425	subjective cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
28193256	427	452	mild cognitive impairment	T048	C1270972
28193256	454	456	AD	T047	C0002395
28193256	463	471	dementia	T048	C0497327
28193256	477	485	dementia	T048	C0497327
28193256	497	499	AD	T047	C0002395
28193256	509	518	Amsterdam	UnknownType	C0681784
28193256	519	527	Dementia	T048	C0497327
28193256	528	534	Cohort	T098	C0599755
28193256	547	550	CSF	T031	C0007806
28193256	551	565	β-amyloid 1-42	T116,T123	C0169424
28193256	566	573	cutoffs	T169	C1442160
28193256	577	588	data-driven	T080	C3899452
28193256	589	614	Gaussian mixture modeling	T081,T170	C0026348
28193256	622	638	total population	T081	C3258257
28193256	646	655	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28193256	665	683	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
28193256	685	688	age	T032	C0001779
28193256	694	726	apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype	T059	C1446118
28193256	731	743	investigated	T169	C1292732
28193256	752	760	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28193256	761	775	β-amyloid 1-42	T116,T123	C0169424
28193256	794	805	data-driven	T080	C3899452
28193256	806	812	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28193256	826	833	predict	T078	C0681842
28193256	834	845	progression	T169	C0449258
28193256	849	851	AD	T047	C0002395
28193256	858	866	dementia	T048	C0497327
28193256	872	880	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28193256	881	895	β-amyloid 1-42	T116,T123	C0169424
28193256	909	927	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
28193256	935	941	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28193256	948	983	Cox proportional hazards regression	T081,T170	C0010235
28193256	998	1003	group	T078	C0441833
28193256	1007	1015	patients	T101	C0030705
28193256	1028	1034	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28193256	1039	1047	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28193256	1048	1051	CSF	T031	C0007806
28193256	1052	1066	β-amyloid 1-42	T116,T123	C0169424
28193256	1085	1087	CI	T081	C0009667
28193256	1112	1119	cutoffs	T169	C1442160
28193256	1138	1148	diagnostic	T033	C0011900
28193256	1153	1166	APOE genotype	T059	C1446118
28193256	1167	1176	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28193256	1182	1188	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28193256	1193	1199	higher	T080	C0205250
28193256	1203	1210	elderly	T098	C0001792
28193256	1211	1219	subjects	T098	C2349001
28193256	1236	1244	subjects	T098	C2349001
28193256	1250	1261	data-driven	T080	C3899452
28193256	1262	1268	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28193256	1273	1279	higher	T080	C0205250
28193256	1289	1307	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
28193256	1315	1321	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28193256	1339	1349	predictive	T080	C0681890
28193256	1350	1358	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28193256	1363	1374	progression	T169	C0449258
28193256	1378	1380	AD	T047	C0002395
28193256	1387	1395	dementia	T048	C0497327
28193256	1411	1419	subjects	T098	C2349001
28193256	1421	1423	HR	T081	C2985465
28193256	1440	1441	p	T081	C1709380
28193256	1451	1467	Mixture modeling	T081,T170	C0026348
28193256	1473	1479	robust	T080	C2986815
28193256	1480	1486	method	T170	C0025663
28193256	1500	1507	cutoffs	T169	C1442160
28193256	1512	1515	CSF	T031	C0007806
28193256	1516	1530	β-amyloid 1-42	T116,T123	C0169424
28193256	1556	1566	biological	T080	C0205460
28193256	1567	1574	changes	T169	C0392747
28193256	1595	1597	AD	T047	C0002395
28193256	1603	1610	cutoffs	T169	C1442160
28193256	1620	1638	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140

28193730|t|Mismatch Repair Incompatibilities in Diverse Yeast Populations
28193730|a|An elevated mutation rate can provide cells with a source of mutations to adapt to changing environments. We identified a negative epistatic interaction involving naturally occurring variants in the MLH1 and PMS1 mismatch repair (MMR) genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae We hypothesized that this MMR incompatibility, created through mating between divergent S. cerevisiae, yields mutator progeny that can rapidly but transiently adapt to an environmental stress. Here we analyzed the MLH1 and PMS1 genes across 1010 S. cerevisiae natural isolates spanning a wide range of ecological sources (tree exudates, Drosophila, fruits, and various fermentation and clinical isolates) and geographical sources (Europe, America, Africa, and Asia). We identified one homozygous clinical isolate and 18 heterozygous isolates containing the incompatible MMR genotype. The MLH1 - PMS1 gene combination isolated from the homozygous clinical isolate conferred a mutator phenotype when expressed in the S288c laboratory background. Using a novel reporter to measure mutation rates, we showed that the overall mutation rate in the homozygous incompatible background was similar to that seen in compatible strains, indicating the presence of suppressor mutations in the clinical isolate that lowered its mutation rate. This observation and the identification of 18 heterozygous isolates, which can lead to MMR incompatible genotypes in the offspring, are consistent with an elevated mutation rate rapidly but transiently facilitating adaptation. To avoid long-term fitness costs, the incompatibility is apparently buffered by mating or by acquiring suppressors. These observations highlight effective strategies in eukaryotes to avoid long-term fitness costs associated with elevated mutation rates.
28193730	0	15	Mismatch Repair	T045	C1155661
28193730	16	33	Incompatibilities	T054	C0679426
28193730	37	44	Diverse	T080	C1880371
28193730	45	50	Yeast	T004	C0036025
28193730	51	62	Populations	T090	C0017404
28193730	66	74	elevated	T080	C3163633
28193730	75	88	mutation rate	T080	C3178846
28193730	101	106	cells	T025	C0007634
28193730	114	120	source	T033	C0449416
28193730	124	133	mutations	T045	C0026882
28193730	146	154	changing	T169	C0392747
28193730	155	167	environments	T082	C0014406
28193730	172	182	identified	T080	C0205396
28193730	185	193	negative	T033	C0205160
28193730	194	215	epistatic interaction	T045	C0014589
28193730	216	225	involving	T169	C1314939
28193730	246	254	variants	T080	C0205419
28193730	262	266	MLH1	T028	C0879389
28193730	271	275	PMS1	T028	C0879390
28193730	276	291	mismatch repair	T045	C1155661
28193730	293	296	MMR	T045	C1155661
28193730	298	303	genes	T028	C0017337
28193730	307	331	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28193730	358	361	MMR	T045	C1155661
28193730	362	377	incompatibility	T054	C0679426
28193730	395	401	mating	T040	C1260875
28193730	420	433	S. cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28193730	450	457	progeny	T099	C0680063
28193730	467	474	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28193730	503	523	environmental stress	T067	C0871732
28193730	533	541	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28193730	546	550	MLH1	T028	C0879389
28193730	555	565	PMS1 genes	T028	C0879390
28193730	578	591	S. cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28193730	592	599	natural	T169	C0205296
28193730	600	608	isolates	T123	C1764827
28193730	625	630	range	T081	C1514721
28193730	634	644	ecological	T070	C0162358
28193730	645	652	sources	T033	C0449416
28193730	654	658	tree	T002	C0040811
28193730	659	667	exudates	T031	C0015388
28193730	669	679	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
28193730	681	687	fruits	T168	C0016767
28193730	701	713	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28193730	718	726	clinical	T080	C0205210
28193730	727	735	isolates	T123	C1764827
28193730	741	753	geographical	T082	C0565935
28193730	754	761	sources	T033	C0449416
28193730	763	769	Europe	T083	C0015176
28193730	771	778	America	T083	C0002454
28193730	780	786	Africa	T083	C0001737
28193730	792	796	Asia	T083	C0003980
28193730	802	812	identified	T080	C0205396
28193730	817	827	homozygous	T032	C0019904
28193730	828	836	clinical	T080	C0205210
28193730	837	844	isolate	T123	C1764827
28193730	852	864	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
28193730	865	873	isolates	T123	C1764827
28193730	874	884	containing	T169	C0332256
28193730	902	905	MMR	T045	C1155661
28193730	906	914	genotype	T032	C0017431
28193730	920	924	MLH1	T028	C0879389
28193730	927	936	PMS1 gene	T028	C0879390
28193730	937	948	combination	T080	C0205195
28193730	949	957	isolated	T169	C0205409
28193730	967	977	homozygous	T032	C0019904
28193730	978	986	clinical	T080	C0205210
28193730	987	994	isolate	T123	C1764827
28193730	1015	1024	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28193730	1030	1039	expressed	T045	C0017262
28193730	1053	1063	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28193730	1064	1074	background	T077	C1706907
28193730	1090	1098	reporter	T130	C1522485
28193730	1102	1109	measure	T081	C0079809
28193730	1110	1124	mutation rates	T080	C3178846
28193730	1145	1152	overall	T080	C1561607
28193730	1153	1166	mutation rate	T080	C3178846
28193730	1174	1184	homozygous	T032	C0019904
28193730	1198	1208	background	T077	C1706907
28193730	1237	1247	compatible	T080	C1524057
28193730	1248	1255	strains	T001	C1518614
28193730	1284	1304	suppressor mutations	T049	C0038859
28193730	1312	1320	clinical	T080	C0205210
28193730	1321	1328	isolate	T123	C1764827
28193730	1346	1359	mutation rate	T080	C3178846
28193730	1366	1377	observation	T062	C0302523
28193730	1386	1400	identification	T080	C0205396
28193730	1407	1419	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
28193730	1420	1428	isolates	T123	C1764827
28193730	1420	1428	isolates	T123	C1764827
28193730	1448	1451	MMR	T045	C1155661
28193730	1465	1474	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28193730	1482	1491	offspring	T099	C0680063
28193730	1497	1512	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28193730	1516	1524	elevated	T080	C3163633
28193730	1525	1538	mutation rate	T080	C3178846
28193730	1576	1586	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28193730	1597	1606	long-term	T079	C0443252
28193730	1607	1614	fitness	T045	C2717776
28193730	1615	1620	costs	T081	C0010186
28193730	1626	1641	incompatibility	T054	C0679426
28193730	1656	1664	buffered	T121,T130	C0006353
28193730	1668	1674	mating	T040	C1260875
28193730	1691	1702	suppressors	T049	C0038859
28193730	1710	1722	observations	T062	C0302523
28193730	1733	1742	effective	T080	C1704419
28193730	1757	1767	eukaryotes	T204	C0684063
28193730	1777	1786	long-term	T079	C0443252
28193730	1787	1794	fitness	T045	C2717776
28193730	1795	1800	costs	T081	C0010186
28193730	1801	1816	associated with	T080	C0332281
28193730	1817	1825	elevated	T080	C3163633
28193730	1826	1840	mutation rates	T080	C3178846

28194519|t|Electromechanical delays during a fatiguing exercise and recovery in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1
28194519|a|The partitioning of the electromechanical delay by an electromyographic (EMG), mechanomyographic (MMG) and force combined approach can provide further insight into the electrochemical and mechanical processes involved with skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation. The aim of the study was to monitor by this combined approach the changes in delays' electrochemical and mechanical components throughout a fatiguing task and during recovery in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), who present at the skeletal muscle level fibres rearrangement, muscle weakness and myotonia, especially in the distal muscles. After assessing maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), 14 male patients with DM1 and 14 healthy controls (HC) performed a fatiguing exercise at 50% MVC until exhaustion. EMG, MMG, and force signals were recorded from tibialis anterior and vastus lateralis muscles. The electromechanical delay during contraction (DelayTOT) and relaxation (R-DelayTOT) components, EMG and MMG root mean square (RMS) and mean frequency (MF) were calculated off-line. The fatiguing exercise duration was similar in both groups. In patients with DM1, delays components were significantly longer compared to HC, especially in the distal muscle during relaxation. Delays components recovered quickly from the fatiguing exercise in HC than in patients with DM1 in both muscles. The alterations in delays observed in DM1 during the fatiguing exercise may indicate that also the lengthening of the electrochemical and mechanical processes during contraction and relaxation could play a role in explaining exercise intolerance in this pathology.
28194519	0	24	Electromechanical delays	T033	C3258117
28194519	25	31	during	T079	C0347984
28194519	34	43	fatiguing	T184	C0015672
28194519	44	52	exercise	T056	C0015259
28194519	57	65	recovery	T040	C2004454
28194519	69	77	patients	T101	C0030705
28194519	83	108	myotonic dystrophy type 1	T047	C3250443
28194519	133	156	electromechanical delay	T033	C3258117
28194519	163	180	electromyographic	T060	C0846763
28194519	182	185	EMG	T060	C0846763
28194519	188	205	mechanomyographic	T060	C0430022
28194519	207	210	MMG	T060	C0430022
28194519	216	221	force	T067	C0441722
28194519	222	230	combined	T080	C0205195
28194519	277	292	electrochemical	T070	C1254365
28194519	297	317	mechanical processes	T070	C2350456
28194519	332	359	skeletal muscle contraction	T042	C0541840
28194519	364	374	relaxation	T039	C2755483
28194519	404	411	monitor	T058	C0184514
28194519	420	428	combined	T080	C0205195
28194519	442	449	changes	T169	C0392747
28194519	453	460	delays'	T033	C3258117
28194519	461	476	electrochemical	T077	C1705248
28194519	481	502	mechanical components	T077	C1705248
28194519	516	525	fatiguing	T184	C0015672
28194519	526	530	task	T057	C3540678
28194519	535	541	during	T079	C0347984
28194519	542	550	recovery	T040	C2004454
28194519	554	562	patients	T101	C0030705
28194519	568	593	myotonic dystrophy type 1	T047	C3250443
28194519	595	598	DM1	T047	C3250443
28194519	620	662	skeletal muscle level fibres rearrangement	T042	C1625142
28194519	664	679	muscle weakness	T184	C0151786
28194519	684	692	myotonia	T033	C0027125
28194519	712	726	distal muscles	T023	C2984224
28194519	744	751	maximum	T081	C0806909
28194519	752	773	voluntary contraction	T039	C2256363
28194519	775	778	MVC	T039	C2256363
28194519	784	788	male	T098	C0025266
28194519	789	797	patients	T101	C0030705
28194519	803	806	DM1	T047	C3250443
28194519	814	830	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28194519	832	834	HC	T080	C2986479
28194519	836	845	performed	T169	C0884358
28194519	848	857	fatiguing	T184	C0015672
28194519	858	866	exercise	T056	C0015259
28194519	874	877	MVC	T039	C2256363
28194519	884	894	exhaustion	T184	C0678687
28194519	896	899	EMG	T060	C0846763
28194519	901	904	MMG	T060	C0430022
28194519	910	915	force	T067	C0441722
28194519	916	923	signals	T067	C1710082
28194519	943	960	tibialis anterior	T023	C0242690
28194519	965	989	vastus lateralis muscles	T023	C0224444
28194519	995	1018	electromechanical delay	T033	C3258117
28194519	1019	1025	during	T079	C0347984
28194519	1026	1037	contraction	T042	C0541840
28194519	1039	1047	DelayTOT	T033	C3258117
28194519	1053	1063	relaxation	T039	C2755483
28194519	1065	1075	R-DelayTOT	T033	C3258117
28194519	1077	1087	components	T077	C1705248
28194519	1089	1092	EMG	T060	C0846763
28194519	1097	1100	MMG	T060	C0430022
28194519	1101	1117	root mean square	T081	C2347976
28194519	1119	1122	RMS	T081	C2347976
28194519	1128	1132	mean	T081	C0444504
28194519	1133	1142	frequency	T079	C0439603
28194519	1144	1146	MF	T079	C0439603
28194519	1153	1163	calculated	T052	C1441506
28194519	1178	1187	fatiguing	T184	C0015672
28194519	1188	1196	exercise	T056	C0015259
28194519	1197	1205	duration	T079	C0449238
28194519	1210	1217	similar	T080	C2348205
28194519	1226	1232	groups	T078	C0441833
28194519	1237	1245	patients	T101	C0030705
28194519	1251	1254	DM1	T047	C3250443
28194519	1256	1262	delays	T033	C3258117
28194519	1263	1273	components	T077	C1705248
28194519	1279	1299	significantly longer	T081	C0392762
28194519	1300	1308	compared	T052	C1707455
28194519	1312	1314	HC	T080	C2986479
28194519	1334	1347	distal muscle	T023	C2984224
28194519	1348	1354	during	T079	C0347984
28194519	1355	1365	relaxation	T039	C2755483
28194519	1367	1373	Delays	T033	C3258117
28194519	1374	1384	components	T077	C1705248
28194519	1385	1394	recovered	T080	C0521108
28194519	1395	1402	quickly	T080	C0456962
28194519	1412	1421	fatiguing	T184	C0015672
28194519	1422	1430	exercise	T056	C0015259
28194519	1434	1436	HC	T080	C2986479
28194519	1445	1453	patients	T101	C0030705
28194519	1459	1462	DM1	T047	C3250443
28194519	1471	1478	muscles	T024	C0026845
28194519	1484	1495	alterations	T078	C1515926
28194519	1499	1505	delays	T033	C3258117
28194519	1518	1521	DM1	T047	C3250443
28194519	1522	1528	during	T079	C0347984
28194519	1533	1542	fatiguing	T184	C0015672
28194519	1543	1551	exercise	T056	C0015259
28194519	1579	1590	lengthening	T169	C0392744
28194519	1598	1613	electrochemical	T070	C1254365
28194519	1618	1638	mechanical processes	T070	C2350456
28194519	1639	1645	during	T079	C0347984
28194519	1646	1657	contraction	T042	C0541840
28194519	1662	1672	relaxation	T039	C2755483
28194519	1705	1713	exercise	T056	C0015259
28194519	1714	1725	intolerance	T040	C0231199
28194519	1734	1743	pathology	T091	C0030664

28194562|t|The Iboga Alkaloids
28194562|a|Iboga alkaloids are a particular class of indolomonoterpenes most often characterized by an isoquinuclidine nucleus. Their first occurrence was detected in the roots of Tabernanthe iboga, a sacred plant to the people of Gabon, which made it cult object. Ibogaine is the main representative of this class of alkaloids and its psychoactive properties are well documented. It has been proposed as a drug cessation treatment and has a wide range of activities in targeting opioids, cocaine, and alcohol. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a background on this molecule and related compounds and to update knowledge on the most recent advances made. Difficulties linked to the status of ibogaine as a drug in several countries have hampered its development, but 18-methoxycoronaridine is currently under evaluation for the same purposes and for the treatment of leishmaniasis. The chapter is divided into six parts: an introduction aiming at defining what is called an iboga alkaloid, and this is followed by current knowledge on their biosynthesis, which unfortunately remains a " black box " as far as the key construction step is concerned. Many of these alkaloids are still being discovered and the third and fourth parts of the chapter discuss the analytical tools in use for this purpose and give lists of new monomeric and dimeric alkaloids belonging to this class. When necessary, the structures are discussed especially with regard to absolute configuration determinations, which remain a point of weakness in their assignments. Part V gives an account of progress made in the synthesis, partial and total, which the authors believe is key to providing solid solutions to the industrial development of the most promising molecules. The last part of the chapter is devoted to the biological properties of iboga alkaloids, with particular emphasis on ibogaine and 18-methoxycoronaridine.
28194562	4	19	Iboga Alkaloids	T109,T121	C0598647
28194562	20	35	Iboga alkaloids	T109,T121	C0598647
28194562	53	58	class	T170	C0456387
28194562	62	80	indolomonoterpenes	T109	C0682997
28194562	92	105	characterized	T052	C1880022
28194562	112	135	isoquinuclidine nucleus	T109	C0034439
28194562	149	159	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28194562	164	172	detected	T033	C0442726
28194562	180	185	roots	T002	C0242726
28194562	189	206	Tabernanthe iboga	T002	C0950092
28194562	210	216	sacred	T033	C0557075
28194562	217	222	plant	T002	C0032098
28194562	230	236	people	T098	C0027361
28194562	240	245	Gabon	T083	C0016910
28194562	261	265	cult	T098	C0337775
28194562	266	272	object	T072	C0347997
28194562	274	282	Ibogaine	T109,T121,T123	C0020737
28194562	295	309	representative	T052	C1882932
28194562	318	323	class	T170	C0456387
28194562	327	336	alkaloids	T109,T121	C0002062
28194562	345	357	psychoactive	T121,T131	C0682880
28194562	358	368	properties	T080	C0871161
28194562	378	388	documented	T058	C1301725
28194562	402	410	proposed	T080	C1553874
28194562	416	440	drug cessation treatment	T061	C3161924
28194562	451	455	wide	T082	C0332464
28194562	456	461	range	T081	C1514721
28194562	465	475	activities	T052	C0441655
28194562	479	488	targeting	T169	C1521840
28194562	489	496	opioids	T109,T121	C0029112
28194562	498	505	cocaine	T109,T131	C0009170
28194562	511	518	alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
28194562	524	531	purpose	T169	C1285529
28194562	540	547	chapter	T078	C1552857
28194562	554	561	provide	T052	C1999230
28194562	564	574	background	T077	C1706907
28194562	583	591	molecule	T167	C0567416
28194562	596	603	related	T080	C0439849
28194562	604	613	compounds	T103	C1706082
28194562	621	627	update	T079	C1519814
28194562	628	637	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28194562	650	656	recent	T079	C0332185
28194562	657	665	advances	T078	C1519201
28194562	672	684	Difficulties	T033	C1299586
28194562	699	705	status	T080	C0332306
28194562	709	717	ibogaine	T109,T121,T123	C0020737
28194562	723	727	drug	T121	C1254351
28194562	739	748	countries	T083	C0454664
28194562	754	762	hampered	T052	C3463820
28194562	767	778	development	T169	C1527148
28194562	784	806	18-methoxycoronaridine	T109	C0533693
28194562	810	819	currently	T079	C0521116
28194562	826	836	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28194562	845	849	same	T080	C0445247
28194562	850	858	purposes	T169	C1285529
28194562	871	880	treatment	T061	C0087111
28194562	884	897	leishmaniasis	T047	C0023281
28194562	903	910	chapter	T078	C1552857
28194562	931	936	parts	T082	C0449719
28194562	941	953	introduction	T170	C4282183
28194562	954	960	aiming	T078	C1947946
28194562	991	1005	iboga alkaloid	T109,T121	C0598647
28194562	1031	1038	current	T079	C0521116
28194562	1039	1048	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28194562	1058	1070	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
28194562	1104	1113	black box	T077	C1254372
28194562	1130	1133	key	T077	C1706198
28194562	1134	1146	construction	T052	C1883254
28194562	1147	1151	step	T077	C1261552
28194562	1155	1164	concerned	T078	C2699424
28194562	1180	1189	alkaloids	T109,T121	C0002062
28194562	1206	1216	discovered	T052	C1880355
28194562	1242	1247	parts	T082	C0449719
28194562	1255	1262	chapter	T078	C1552857
28194562	1275	1291	analytical tools	T170	C0178476
28194562	1308	1315	purpose	T169	C1285529
28194562	1338	1347	monomeric	T104	C0596973
28194562	1352	1359	dimeric	T104	C0596448
28194562	1360	1369	alkaloids	T109,T121	C0002062
28194562	1388	1393	class	T170	C0456387
28194562	1400	1409	necessary	T080	C3898777
28194562	1415	1425	structures	T170	C0220807
28194562	1440	1450	especially	T080	C0205555
28194562	1466	1474	absolute	T080	C0205344
28194562	1475	1488	configuration	T082	C0026377
28194562	1489	1503	determinations	T059	C1148554
28194562	1520	1525	point	T082	C3714763
28194562	1529	1537	weakness	T080	C1762617
28194562	1547	1558	assignments	T169	C1516050
28194562	1560	1564	Part	T082	C0449719
28194562	1576	1583	account	T170	C0684224
28194562	1587	1595	progress	T169	C1280477
28194562	1608	1617	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28194562	1619	1626	partial	T081	C0728938
28194562	1631	1636	total	T080	C0439810
28194562	1648	1655	authors	T097	C3812881
28194562	1667	1670	key	T077	C1706198
28194562	1674	1683	providing	T052	C1999230
28194562	1684	1689	solid	T080	C0442821
28194562	1690	1699	solutions	T077	C2699488
28194562	1707	1717	industrial	T092	C0007983
28194562	1718	1729	development	T169	C1527148
28194562	1742	1751	promising	T033	C3843166
28194562	1752	1761	molecules	T167	C0567416
28194562	1772	1776	part	T082	C0449719
28194562	1784	1791	chapter	T078	C1552857
28194562	1810	1820	biological	T080	C0205460
28194562	1821	1831	properties	T080	C0871161
28194562	1835	1850	iboga alkaloids	T109,T121	C0598647
28194562	1868	1876	emphasis	T079	C0549179
28194562	1880	1888	ibogaine	T109,T121,T123	C0020737
28194562	1893	1915	18-methoxycoronaridine	T109	C0533693

28194574|t|Tolvaptan treatment for severe neonatal autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease
28194574|a|Severe neonatal autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is rare and easily confused with recessive PKD. Managing such infants is difficult and often unsuccessful. A female infant with massive renal enlargement, respiratory compromise and hyponatraemia was treated with the arginine vasopressin receptor 2 antagonist tolvaptan. This resolved hyponatraemia, and there was no further increase in renal size. Tolvaptan may be a useful treatment for severe neonatal PKD.
28194574	0	9	Tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
28194574	10	19	treatment	T061	C0087111
28194574	31	39	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28194574	40	84	autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease	T019,T047	C0085413
28194574	92	100	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28194574	101	145	autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease	T019,T047	C0085413
28194574	147	152	ADPKD	T019,T047	C0085413
28194574	187	200	recessive PKD	T019,T047	C0085548
28194574	202	210	Managing	T058	C0376636
28194574	216	223	infants	T100	C0021289
28194574	263	276	female infant	T033	C2222300
28194574	282	307	massive renal enlargement	T033	C0542518
28194574	309	331	respiratory compromise	T033	C4228652
28194574	336	349	hyponatraemia	T047	C0877169
28194574	371	402	arginine vasopressin receptor 2	T116,T192	C3711287
28194574	403	413	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28194574	414	423	tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
28194574	439	452	hyponatraemia	T047	C0877169
28194574	479	487	increase	T169	C0442805
28194574	491	501	renal size	T201	C0745522
28194574	503	512	Tolvaptan	T109,T121	C1176308
28194574	529	538	treatment	T061	C0087111
28194574	550	558	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28194574	559	562	PKD	T047	C0022680

28194801|t|Differences in eosinophil molecular profiles between children and adults with eosinophilic esophagitis
28194801|a|Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) afflicts both children and adults. It has been debated whether pediatric EoE and adult EoE represent different disease entities. The objectives of this study were to determine whether the blood eosinophil molecular pattern of children with EoE is (i) distinct from that of healthy children; and (ii) different from that of adults with EoE. Blood eosinophils from children and adults with EoE, and healthy controls, were analyzed with flow cytometry regarding levels of CD23, CD44, CD54, CRTH2, FOXP3, and galectin-10. Eosinophil FOXP3 and galectin-10 mRNA levels were determined by qPCR. The data were analyzed using a multivariate method of pattern recognition. An eosinophil molecular pattern capable of distinguishing children with EoE from control children was identified. A smaller fraction of eosinophils from children with EoE expressed CD44 and a larger fraction expressed CRTH2 than the controls. Eosinophils from children with EoE also had higher levels of galectin-10 mRNA and lower levels of FOXP3 mRNA. The eosinophils from children with EoE had lower levels of surface CD54 and of FOXP3 mRNA compared with the eosinophils from the adult patients. A key finding was the detection in healthy individuals of age-related differences in the levels of several eosinophil markers. Children with EoE can be distinguished from healthy children based on the molecular patterns of their blood eosinophils. Age-related physiologic differences in eosinophil molecular patterns may partly explain the different blood eosinophil phenotypes in children vs adults with EoE.
28194801	0	11	Differences	T080	C1705242
28194801	15	25	eosinophil	T025	C0014467
28194801	26	44	molecular profiles	T169	C1704864
28194801	53	61	children	T100	C0008059
28194801	66	72	adults	T100	C0001675
28194801	78	102	eosinophilic esophagitis	T047	C0341106
28194801	103	127	Eosinophilic esophagitis	T047	C0341106
28194801	129	132	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	148	156	children	T100	C0008059
28194801	161	167	adults	T100	C0001675
28194801	197	206	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28194801	207	210	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	215	220	adult	T100	C0001675
28194801	221	224	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	245	252	disease	T047	C0012634
28194801	253	261	entities	T071	C1285578
28194801	286	291	study	T062	C2603343
28194801	322	338	blood eosinophil	T025	C0014467
28194801	339	356	molecular pattern	T169	C1704864
28194801	360	368	children	T100	C0008059
28194801	374	377	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	407	423	healthy children	T033	C0686744
28194801	434	443	different	T080	C1705242
28194801	457	463	adults	T100	C0001675
28194801	469	472	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	474	491	Blood eosinophils	T025	C0014467
28194801	497	505	children	T100	C0008059
28194801	510	516	adults	T100	C0001675
28194801	522	525	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	531	547	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28194801	554	562	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28194801	568	582	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28194801	593	599	levels	T080	C0441889
28194801	603	607	CD23	T116,T129,T192	C0123242
28194801	609	613	CD44	T116,T129,T192	C0243982
28194801	615	619	CD54	T116,T129	C0063695
28194801	621	626	CRTH2	T116,T192	C1455377
28194801	628	633	FOXP3	T129	C1976944
28194801	639	650	galectin-10	T116,T123	C1999778
28194801	652	668	Eosinophil FOXP3	T028	C1416467
28194801	673	684	galectin-10	T028	C1332765
28194801	685	689	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28194801	690	696	levels	T080	C0441889
28194801	716	720	qPCR	T063	C4297012
28194801	726	730	data	T078	C1511726
28194801	736	744	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28194801	753	772	multivariate method	T081	C0026777
28194801	776	795	pattern recognition	T041	C1518918
28194801	800	810	eosinophil	T025	C0014467
28194801	811	828	molecular pattern	T169	C1704864
28194801	855	863	children	T100	C0008059
28194801	869	872	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	878	885	control	T096	C0009932
28194801	886	894	children	T100	C0008059
28194801	933	944	eosinophils	T025	C0014467
28194801	950	958	children	T100	C0008059
28194801	964	967	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	968	977	expressed	T045	C0017262
28194801	978	982	CD44	T028	C1414549
28194801	1005	1014	expressed	T045	C0017262
28194801	1015	1020	CRTH2	T028	C1415238
28194801	1030	1038	controls	T096	C0009932
28194801	1040	1051	Eosinophils	T025	C0014467
28194801	1057	1065	children	T100	C0008059
28194801	1071	1074	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	1084	1090	higher	T080	C0205250
28194801	1091	1097	levels	T080	C0441889
28194801	1091	1097	levels	T080	C0441889
28194801	1101	1112	galectin-10	T028	C1332765
28194801	1113	1117	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28194801	1122	1127	lower	T080	C0205251
28194801	1128	1134	levels	T080	C0441889
28194801	1138	1143	FOXP3	T028	C1416467
28194801	1144	1148	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28194801	1154	1165	eosinophils	T025	C0014467
28194801	1171	1179	children	T100	C0008059
28194801	1185	1188	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	1193	1198	lower	T080	C0205251
28194801	1199	1205	levels	T080	C0441889
28194801	1217	1221	CD54	T028	C1334074
28194801	1229	1234	FOXP3	T028	C1416467
28194801	1235	1239	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28194801	1258	1269	eosinophils	T025	C0014467
28194801	1279	1284	adult	T100	C0001675
28194801	1285	1293	patients	T101	C0030705
28194801	1317	1326	detection	T033	C0442726
28194801	1330	1349	healthy individuals	T098	C1708335
28194801	1353	1376	age-related differences	T100	C0699810
28194801	1384	1390	levels	T080	C0441889
28194801	1402	1412	eosinophil	T025	C0014467
28194801	1413	1420	markers	T059	C1611701
28194801	1422	1430	Children	T100	C0008059
28194801	1436	1439	EoE	T047	C0341106
28194801	1466	1482	healthy children	T033	C0686744
28194801	1496	1514	molecular patterns	T169	C1704864
28194801	1524	1541	blood eosinophils	T025	C0014467
28194801	1543	1554	Age-related	T079	C0851454
28194801	1555	1566	physiologic	T169	C0205463
28194801	1567	1578	differences	T081	C1705241
28194801	1582	1592	eosinophil	T025	C0014467
28194801	1593	1611	molecular patterns	T169	C1704864
28194801	1635	1644	different	T080	C1705242
28194801	1645	1661	blood eosinophil	T025	C0014467
28194801	1662	1672	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28194801	1676	1684	children	T100	C0008059
28194801	1688	1694	adults	T100	C0001675
28194801	1700	1703	EoE	T047	C0341106

28195094|t|Association of interleukin-2, -4 and -10 with dengue severity
28195094|a|Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by four distinct serotypes of dengue virus. The pathogenesis of dengue is not very clearly understood. Various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the immune pathogenesis of dengue. Interleukin (IL)-2 / IL-2 receptor interaction is supposed to play a protective role, while IL-4 acts as pro-inflammatory whereas IL-10 acts as anti-inflammatory cytokines. So far, not much information is available regarding the established role of these cytokines with dengue infection and severity. our study aimed to show the association of IL-2, -4, and -10 with severity of dengue infection. This was a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in the year 2015; 150 blood samples from suspected dengue cases were confirmed for dengue and then with an equal number of healthy control samples were tested for cytokines levels (IL-2, -4, and -10) by ELISA. Severity of the dengue infection was determined on the basis of clinical manifestations based on the WHO criteria. for statistical analysis, SPSS version 21 (IBM, New York, United States) was used. Out of 150 samples, 56 samples came to be dengue positive. Thirty-eight (67.85%) cases were classified as nonsevere dengue and 18 (32.15%) were severe dengue. The serum levels of IL-4 and -10 were significantly raised in severe dengue cases as compared to nonsevere dengue cases. No significant association was observed between serum IL-2 levels and the severity of dengue. IL-4 and -10 levels can be used as marker of severe dengue and help in early preparedness to start the treatment in the line of severe dengue.
28195094	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28195094	15	28	interleukin-2	T116,T129	C0021756
28195094	30	32	-4	T116,T129	C0021758
28195094	37	40	-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28195094	46	52	dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	53	61	severity	T080	C0439793
28195094	62	68	Dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	75	92	arboviral disease	T047	C0003723
28195094	117	126	serotypes	T170	C0449943
28195094	130	142	dengue virus	T005	C0011315
28195094	148	160	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28195094	164	170	dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	211	215	pro-	T116,T129	C0079189
28195094	220	247	anti-inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28195094	268	287	immune pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28195094	291	297	dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	299	317	Interleukin (IL)-2	T116,T129	C0021756
28195094	320	333	IL-2 receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0034819
28195094	334	345	interaction	T169	C1704675
28195094	391	395	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
28195094	404	420	pro-inflammatory	T116,T129	C0079189
28195094	429	434	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28195094	443	470	anti-inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28195094	554	563	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28195094	569	585	dengue infection	T047	C0011311
28195094	590	598	severity	T080	C0439793
28195094	604	609	study	T062	C2603343
28195094	628	639	association	T080	C0439849
28195094	643	647	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
28195094	649	651	-4	T116,T129	C0021758
28195094	657	660	-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28195094	666	674	severity	T080	C0439793
28195094	678	694	dengue infection	T047	C0011311
28195094	707	728	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28195094	734	739	study	T062	C2603343
28195094	761	765	year	T079	C0439234
28195094	776	789	blood samples	T031	C0178913
28195094	795	804	suspected	T078	C0750491
28195094	805	811	dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	812	817	cases	T077	C1706256
28195094	837	843	dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	877	892	healthy control	T080	C2986479
28195094	893	900	samples	T167	C0370003
28195094	906	912	tested	T169	C0039593
28195094	917	933	cytokines levels	T059	C2699541
28195094	935	939	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
28195094	941	943	-4	T116,T129	C0021758
28195094	949	952	-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28195094	957	962	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28195094	964	972	Severity	T080	C0439793
28195094	980	996	dengue infection	T047	C0011311
28195094	1028	1036	clinical	T080	C0205210
28195094	1037	1051	manifestations	T080	C1280464
28195094	1065	1068	WHO	T093	C0043237
28195094	1069	1077	criteria	T078	C0243161
28195094	1083	1103	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28195094	1105	1120	SPSS version 21	T073,T170	C0037585
28195094	1122	1125	IBM	T073,T092	C0683757
28195094	1127	1135	New York	T083	C0027977
28195094	1137	1150	United States	T083	C0041703
28195094	1173	1180	samples	T167	C0370003
28195094	1185	1192	samples	T167	C0370003
28195094	1204	1210	dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	1211	1219	positive	T033	C1446409
28195094	1243	1248	cases	T077	C1706256
28195094	1268	1284	nonsevere dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	1306	1312	severe	T080	C0205082
28195094	1313	1319	dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	1325	1330	serum	T031	C0229671
28195094	1331	1345	levels of IL-4	T059	C2697785
28195094	1350	1353	-10	T059	C2697758
28195094	1383	1389	severe	T080	C0205082
28195094	1390	1396	dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	1397	1402	cases	T077	C1706256
28195094	1418	1434	nonsevere dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	1435	1440	cases	T077	C1706256
28195094	1442	1456	No significant	T033	C3694175
28195094	1457	1468	association	T080	C0439849
28195094	1490	1495	serum	T031	C0229671
28195094	1496	1507	IL-2 levels	T059	C2697779
28195094	1516	1524	severity	T080	C0439793
28195094	1528	1534	dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	1536	1540	IL-4	T059	C2697785
28195094	1545	1555	-10 levels	T059	C2697758
28195094	1571	1577	marker	T201	C0005516
28195094	1581	1587	severe	T080	C0205082
28195094	1588	1594	dengue	T047	C0011311
28195094	1607	1612	early	T079	C1279919
28195094	1613	1625	preparedness	T033	C1318963
28195094	1639	1648	treatment	T061	C0087111
28195094	1664	1670	severe	T080	C0205082
28195094	1671	1677	dengue	T047	C0011311

28195652|t|Identification of the anti-mycobacterial functional properties of piperidinol derivatives
28195652|a|Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health threat and is now the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. The current TB drug regimen is inadequate, and new anti-tubercular agents are urgently required to be able to successfully combat the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant TB. The purpose of this study was to investigate a piperidinol compound derivative that is highly active against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacillus. The antibacterial properties of the piperidinol compound and its corresponding bis-Mannich base analogue were evaluated against M. smegmatis and Gram-negative organisms. Cytotoxicity studies were undertaken in order to determine the selectivity index for these compounds. Spontaneous resistant mutants of M. smegmatis were generated against the piperidinol and corresponding bis-Mannich base lead derivatives and whole genome sequencing employed to determine the genetic modifications that lead to selection pressure in the presence of these compounds. The piperidinol and the bis-Mannich base analogue were found to be selective for mycobacteria and rapidly kill this organism with a cytotoxicity selectivity index for mycobacteria of >30-fold. Whole genome sequencing of M. smegmatis strains resistant to the lead compounds led to the identification of a number of single nucleotide polymorphisms indicating multiple targets. Our results indicate that the piperidinol moiety represents an attractive compound class in the pursuit of novel anti-tubercular agents.
28195652	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
28195652	22	40	anti-mycobacterial	T121	C0360390
28195652	41	51	functional	T169	C0205245
28195652	52	62	properties	T080	C0871161
28195652	66	89	piperidinol derivatives	T121	C1254351
28195652	90	102	Tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
28195652	104	106	TB	T047	C0041296
28195652	124	130	global	T080	C2348867
28195652	131	137	health	T078	C0018684
28195652	138	144	threat	T078	C0749385
28195652	168	182	cause of death	T033	C0007465
28195652	197	213	infectious agent	T001	C0314732
28195652	214	223	worldwide	T080	C2348867
28195652	237	239	TB	T047	C0041296
28195652	240	244	drug	T121	C0013227
28195652	245	252	regimen	T061	C0040808
28195652	256	266	inadequate	T080	C0205412
28195652	276	298	anti-tubercular agents	T121	C1254351
28195652	370	380	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28195652	384	401	drug-resistant TB	T047	C0206525
28195652	423	428	study	T062	C2603343
28195652	436	447	investigate	T169	C1292732
28195652	450	481	piperidinol compound derivative	T121	C1254351
28195652	497	503	active	T169	C0205177
28195652	516	542	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28195652	543	551	bacillus	T007	C0004587
28195652	557	570	antibacterial	T195	C0279516
28195652	571	581	properties	T080	C0871161
28195652	589	609	piperidinol compound	T121	C1254351
28195652	632	648	bis-Mannich base	T109,T130	C0024728
28195652	649	657	analogue	T104	C0243071
28195652	663	672	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28195652	681	693	M. smegmatis	T007	C0317761
28195652	698	721	Gram-negative organisms	T007	C0018150
28195652	723	735	Cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28195652	736	743	studies	T062	C2603343
28195652	786	803	selectivity index	T170	C0918012
28195652	814	823	compounds	T121	C1254351
28195652	837	846	resistant	T169	C0332325
28195652	847	854	mutants	T049	C0596988
28195652	858	870	M. smegmatis	T007	C0317761
28195652	898	909	piperidinol	T121	C1254351
28195652	928	961	bis-Mannich base lead derivatives	T121	C1254351
28195652	972	989	genome sequencing	T063	C1328887
28195652	1016	1037	genetic modifications	T063	C4277689
28195652	1095	1104	compounds	T121	C1254351
28195652	1110	1121	piperidinol	T121	C1254351
28195652	1130	1155	bis-Mannich base analogue	T121	C1254351
28195652	1187	1199	mycobacteria	T007	C0026912
28195652	1222	1230	organism	T001	C0029235
28195652	1238	1250	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28195652	1251	1268	selectivity index	T170	C0918012
28195652	1273	1285	mycobacteria	T007	C0026912
28195652	1305	1322	genome sequencing	T063	C1328887
28195652	1326	1338	M. smegmatis	T007	C0317761
28195652	1339	1346	strains	T001	C1518614
28195652	1347	1356	resistant	T169	C0332325
28195652	1364	1378	lead compounds	T121	C1254351
28195652	1390	1404	identification	T080	C0205396
28195652	1420	1451	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28195652	1485	1492	results	T033	C0683954
28195652	1511	1529	piperidinol moiety	T121	C1254351
28195652	1555	1569	compound class	T121	C1254351
28195652	1594	1616	anti-tubercular agents	T121	C1254351

28195830|t|Investigating the Occupational Challenges of Corner Store Workers Operating in Baltimore City Food Deserts
28195830|a|A qualitative pilot study was conducted in Baltimore City with the aim of documenting specific occupational safety challenges of small-scale urban retailers, or " corner store " owners. Semistructured interviews with a small sample (n = 4) revealed significant challenges for owners and workers, and revealed potential areas for occupational health intervention.
28195830	18	30	Occupational	T169	C0521127
28195830	31	41	Challenges	T058	C0805586
28195830	45	57	Corner Store	T073	C0557779
28195830	58	65	Workers	T098	C1527116
28195830	66	75	Operating	T169	C3242339
28195830	79	93	Baltimore City	T083	C3831419
28195830	94	106	Food Deserts	T168	C0016452
28195830	109	132	qualitative pilot study	T062	C0031928
28195830	150	164	Baltimore City	T083	C3831419
28195830	181	192	documenting	T058	C1301725
28195830	202	221	occupational safety	T078	C0079921
28195830	222	232	challenges	T058	C0805586
28195830	248	263	urban retailers	T098	C1257890
28195830	270	282	corner store	T073	C0557779
28195830	285	291	owners	T098	C1704784
28195830	293	318	Semistructured interviews	UnknownType	C0681913
28195830	326	338	small sample	T081	C0033206
28195830	356	378	significant challenges	T058	C0805586
28195830	383	389	owners	T098	C1704784
28195830	394	401	workers	T098	C1527116
28195830	426	468	areas for occupational health intervention	T061	C0846579

28196360|t|Clinical Relevance of Pleural Effusion in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism
28196360|a|Data regarding pleural effusion due to pulmonary embolism (PE) are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of PE patients with pleural effusion caused by PE. Patients with PE were retrospectively analyzed and divided into 2 groups based on computed tomography: a group with pleural effusion due to PE (effusion group) and a group without pleural effusion (control group). Clinical characteristics were compared between the 2 groups. The study population consisted of the effusion group (n = 127) and the control group (n = 651). Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was significantly higher in the effusion group than in the control group. The percentages of high-risk Simplified PE Severity Index (57 vs. 47%, p = 0.008), central PE (84 vs. 73%, p = 0.013), right ventricular dilation (45 vs. 36%, p = 0.053), and pulmonary infarction (40 vs. 8%, p < 0.001) were higher in the effusion group than in the control group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that pulmonary infarction (odds ratio [OR] 6.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.49-10.91, p < 0.001) and CRP level (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.101-1.09, p = 0.023) were independent predictors of pleural effusion due to PE. The presence of pleural effusion was not a predictor of short-term outcomes or length of hospital stay. Patients with more severe PE are likely to have pleural effusion caused by PE. However, pleural effusion was not a proven predictor of short-term outcome or length of hospital stay. Pulmonary infarction and CRP levels were independent risk factors for the development of pleural effusion.
28196360	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28196360	9	18	Relevance	T080	C2347946
28196360	22	38	Pleural Effusion	T047	C0032227
28196360	42	50	Patients	T101	C0030705
28196360	56	74	Pulmonary Embolism	T047	C0034065
28196360	75	79	Data	T078	C1511726
28196360	90	106	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
28196360	114	132	pulmonary embolism	T047	C0034065
28196360	134	136	PE	T047	C0034065
28196360	142	149	limited	T169	C0439801
28196360	155	158	aim	T078	C1947946
28196360	167	172	study	T062	C0008972
28196360	180	191	investigate	T169	C1292732
28196360	196	220	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
28196360	224	226	PE	T047	C0034065
28196360	227	235	patients	T101	C0030705
28196360	241	257	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
28196360	268	270	PE	T047	C0034065
28196360	272	280	Patients	T101	C0030705
28196360	286	288	PE	T047	C0034065
28196360	294	318	retrospectively analyzed	T062	C0035363
28196360	323	330	divided	T169	C0332849
28196360	338	344	groups	T078	C0441833
28196360	354	373	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28196360	377	382	group	T078	C0441833
28196360	388	404	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
28196360	412	414	PE	T047	C0034065
28196360	416	430	effusion group	T078	C0441833
28196360	438	443	group	T078	C0441833
28196360	452	468	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
28196360	470	483	control group	T096	C0009932
28196360	486	510	Clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
28196360	516	524	compared	T052	C1707455
28196360	539	545	groups	T078	C0441833
28196360	551	556	study	T062	C0008972
28196360	557	567	population	T098	C1257890
28196360	585	599	effusion group	T078	C0441833
28196360	618	631	control group	T096	C0009932
28196360	643	679	Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level	T059	C1277266
28196360	684	704	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28196360	712	726	effusion group	T078	C0441833
28196360	739	752	control group	T096	C0009932
28196360	758	769	percentages	T081	C0439165
28196360	773	782	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28196360	783	811	Simplified PE Severity Index	T081	C0036859
28196360	825	826	p	T081	C1709380
28196360	837	847	central PE	T047	C0034065
28196360	861	862	p	T081	C1709380
28196360	873	899	right ventricular dilation	T019	C0344893
28196360	913	914	p	T081	C1709380
28196360	929	949	pulmonary infarction	T047	C0034074
28196360	962	963	p	T081	C1709380
28196360	978	984	higher	T080	C0205250
28196360	992	1006	effusion group	T078	C0441833
28196360	1019	1032	control group	T096	C0009932
28196360	1034	1055	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28196360	1074	1094	pulmonary infarction	T047	C0034074
28196360	1096	1106	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28196360	1108	1110	OR	T081	C0028873
28196360	1122	1141	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28196360	1143	1145	CI	T081	C0009667
28196360	1159	1160	p	T081	C1709380
28196360	1174	1183	CRP level	T034	C0428528
28196360	1185	1187	OR	T081	C0028873
28196360	1198	1200	CI	T081	C0009667
28196360	1213	1214	p	T081	C1709380
28196360	1229	1240	independent	T078	C0085862
28196360	1241	1251	predictors	T078	C2698872
28196360	1255	1271	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
28196360	1279	1281	PE	T047	C0034065
28196360	1299	1315	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
28196360	1326	1335	predictor	T078	C2698872
28196360	1339	1349	short-term	T079	C0443303
28196360	1350	1358	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28196360	1362	1385	length of hospital stay	T079	C0023303
28196360	1387	1395	Patients	T101	C0030705
28196360	1406	1412	severe	T080	C0205082
28196360	1413	1415	PE	T047	C0034065
28196360	1435	1451	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
28196360	1452	1458	caused	T078	C0085978
28196360	1462	1464	PE	T047	C0034065
28196360	1475	1491	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
28196360	1502	1508	proven	T080	C0456369
28196360	1509	1518	predictor	T078	C2698872
28196360	1522	1532	short-term	T079	C0443303
28196360	1533	1540	outcome	T169	C1274040
28196360	1544	1567	length of hospital stay	T079	C0023303
28196360	1569	1589	Pulmonary infarction	T047	C0034074
28196360	1594	1604	CRP levels	T034	C0428528
28196360	1610	1621	independent	T078	C0085862
28196360	1622	1634	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28196360	1643	1654	development	T169	C1527148
28196360	1658	1674	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227

28196438|t|Patient Factors Associated With Higher Expectations From Foot and Ankle Surgery
28196438|a|Few authors have investigated patients' expectations from foot and ankle surgery. In this study, we aimed to examine relationships between patients' preoperative expectations and their demographic and clinical characteristics. We hypothesized that patients with more disability and those with anxiety or depressive symptoms would have greater expectations. All adult patients scheduled for elective foot or ankle surgery by 1 of 6 orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons were screened for inclusion over 8 months. Preoperatively, all patients completed the Hospital for Special Surgery Foot & Ankle Surgery Expectations Survey in addition to the Foot & Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Short Form (SF)-12, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-8, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7), and pain visual analog scale (VAS). The expectations survey contained 23 expectations categories, each with 5 answer choices ranging from "I do not have this expectation " to " complete improvement " expected. It was scored from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating more expectations. Differences in expectations relating to numerous patient demographic and clinical variables were assessed. In total, 352 patients with an average age of 55 ± 15 (range, 18-86) years were enrolled. Expectations scores were not related to age (P = .36). On average, women expected to achieve complete improvement more often than men (P = .011). Variables that were significantly associated with higher expectations scores (P < .05) included nonwhite race, use of a cane or other assistive device, and greater medical comorbidity. Worse function and quality of life (as assessed by all FAOS subscales and the SF-12 physical and mental components), more depressive and anxiety symptoms, and higher pain VAS scores were associated with higher expectations scores and more expectations (P < .01 for all). The results of this study may help inform surgeons ' preoperative discussions with their patients regarding realistic expectations from surgery. Generally, patients with worse function and more disability had higher expectations from surgery. Addressing these patients' expectations preoperatively may help improve their ultimate satisfaction with surgery. Level II, cross sectional study.
28196438	0	15	Patient Factors	UnknownType	C0679854
28196438	16	31	Associated With	T080	C0332281
28196438	32	38	Higher	T080	C0205250
28196438	39	51	Expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	57	61	Foot	T061	C0188413
28196438	66	79	Ankle Surgery	T061	C0188412
28196438	84	91	authors	T097	C3812881
28196438	110	119	patients'	T101	C0030705
28196438	120	132	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	138	142	foot	T061	C0188413
28196438	147	160	ankle surgery	T061	C0188412
28196438	170	175	study	T062	C2603343
28196438	197	210	relationships	T080	C0439849
28196438	219	228	patients'	T101	C0030705
28196438	229	241	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28196438	242	254	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	265	276	demographic	T102	C0683970
28196438	281	305	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
28196438	328	336	patients	T101	C0030705
28196438	347	357	disability	T033	C0231170
28196438	373	380	anxiety	T033	C0860603
28196438	384	403	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28196438	415	422	greater	T081	C1704243
28196438	423	435	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	441	446	adult	T100	C0001675
28196438	447	455	patients	T101	C0030705
28196438	479	483	foot	T061	C0188413
28196438	487	500	ankle surgery	T061	C0188412
28196438	511	546	orthopaedic foot and ankle surgeons	T097	C0582175
28196438	565	574	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28196438	582	588	months	T079	C0439231
28196438	590	604	Preoperatively	T079	C0445204
28196438	610	618	patients	T101	C0030705
28196438	633	702	Hospital for Special Surgery Foot & Ankle Surgery Expectations Survey	T170	C0038951
28196438	722	748	Foot & Ankle Outcome Score	T081	C0449820
28196438	750	754	FAOS	T081	C0449820
28196438	757	775	Short Form (SF)-12	T170	C0038951
28196438	777	805	Patient Health Questionnaire	T170	C1879301
28196438	807	810	PHQ	T170	C1879301
28196438	815	856	Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale	T170	C3874856
28196438	858	863	GAD-7	T170	C3874856
28196438	870	894	pain visual analog scale	T060	C0042815
28196438	896	899	VAS	T060	C0042815
28196438	906	918	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	919	925	survey	T170	C0038951
28196438	939	951	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	952	962	categories	T170	C0683312
28196438	1024	1035	expectation	T078	C0679138
28196438	1043	1063	complete improvement	T077	C2986411
28196438	1066	1074	expected	T078	C0679138
28196438	1083	1089	scored	T081	C0449820
28196438	1110	1116	higher	T080	C0205250
28196438	1117	1123	scores	T081	C0449820
28196438	1140	1152	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	1154	1165	Differences	T080	C1705242
28196438	1169	1181	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	1203	1210	patient	T101	C0030705
28196438	1211	1222	demographic	T102	C0683970
28196438	1227	1245	clinical variables	T201	C0683325
28196438	1251	1259	assessed	T052	C1516048
28196438	1275	1283	patients	T101	C0030705
28196438	1351	1363	Expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	1364	1370	scores	T081	C0449820
28196438	1391	1394	age	T032	C0001779
28196438	1418	1423	women	T098	C0043210
28196438	1424	1432	expected	T078	C0679138
28196438	1444	1464	complete improvement	T077	C2986411
28196438	1481	1484	men	T098	C0025266
28196438	1531	1546	associated with	T080	C0332281
28196438	1547	1553	higher	T080	C0205250
28196438	1554	1566	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	1567	1573	scores	T081	C0449820
28196438	1593	1606	nonwhite race	T098	C0034510
28196438	1631	1647	assistive device	T074	C0036605
28196438	1653	1660	greater	T081	C1704243
28196438	1661	1668	medical	T169	C0205476
28196438	1669	1680	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28196438	1682	1687	Worse	T033	C1457868
28196438	1688	1696	function	T039	C0031843
28196438	1701	1716	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28196438	1721	1729	assessed	T052	C1516048
28196438	1737	1741	FAOS	T081	C0449820
28196438	1760	1765	SF-12	T170	C0038951
28196438	1804	1814	depressive	T184	C0086132
28196438	1819	1835	anxiety symptoms	T033	C0860603
28196438	1841	1847	higher	T080	C0205250
28196438	1848	1863	pain VAS scores	T081	C2732809
28196438	1869	1884	associated with	T080	C0332281
28196438	1885	1891	higher	T080	C0205250
28196438	1892	1904	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	1905	1911	scores	T081	C0449820
28196438	1921	1933	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	1973	1978	study	T062	C2603343
28196438	1995	2003	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28196438	2006	2018	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28196438	2042	2050	patients	T101	C0030705
28196438	2071	2083	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	2089	2096	surgery	T061	C0543467
28196438	2109	2117	patients	T101	C0030705
28196438	2123	2128	worse	T033	C1457868
28196438	2129	2137	function	T039	C0031843
28196438	2147	2157	disability	T033	C0231170
28196438	2162	2168	higher	T080	C0205250
28196438	2169	2181	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	2187	2194	surgery	T061	C0543467
28196438	2213	2222	patients'	T101	C0030705
28196438	2223	2235	expectations	T078	C0679138
28196438	2236	2250	preoperatively	T079	C0445204
28196438	2260	2267	improve	T080	C1272747
28196438	2283	2295	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28196438	2301	2308	surgery	T061	C0543467
28196438	2320	2341	cross sectional study	T062	C0010362

28197102|t|Right Cervical Vagotomy Aggravates Viral Myocarditis in Mice Via the Cholinergic Anti-inflammatory Pathway
28197102|a|The autonomic nervous system dysfunction with increased sympathetic activity and withdrawal of vagal activity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis. The vagus nerve can modulate the immune response and control inflammation through a ' cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway ' dependent on the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Although the role of β-adrenergic stimulation on viral myocarditis has been investigated in our pervious studies, the direct effect of vagal tone in this setting has not been yet studied. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect s of cervical vagotomy in a murine model of viral myocarditis. In a coxsackievirus B3 murine myocarditis model (Balb/c), effects of right cervical vagotomy and nAChR agonist nicotine on echocardiography, myocardial histopathology, viral RNA, and proinflammatory cytokine levels were studied. We found that right cervical vagotomy inhibited the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, aggravated myocardial lesions, up-regulated the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and worsened the impaired left ventricular function in murine viral myocarditis, and these changes were reversed by co-treatment with nicotine by activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. These results indicate that vagal nerve plays an important role in mediating the anti-inflammatory effect in viral myocarditis, and that cholinergic stimulation with nicotine also plays its peripheral anti-inflammatory role relying on α7nAChR, without requirement for the integrity of vagal nerve in the model. The findings suggest that vagus nerve stimulation mediated inhibition of the inflammatory processes likely provide important benefits in myocarditis treatment.
28197102	0	14	Right Cervical	T029	C3841490
28197102	15	23	Vagotomy	T061	C0394374
28197102	24	34	Aggravates	T033	C0541889
28197102	35	52	Viral Myocarditis	T047	C0276138
28197102	56	60	Mice	T015	C0025929
28197102	69	80	Cholinergic	T169	C0599668
28197102	81	98	Anti-inflammatory	T121	C0002773
28197102	99	106	Pathway	T044	C1704259
28197102	111	147	autonomic nervous system dysfunction	T033	C4016022
28197102	153	183	increased sympathetic activity	T044	C1372664
28197102	188	198	withdrawal	T052	C2349954
28197102	202	207	vagal	T023	C0175551
28197102	208	216	activity	T052	C0441655
28197102	229	238	important	T080	C3898777
28197102	239	243	role	T077	C1705810
28197102	251	263	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28197102	267	284	viral myocarditis	T047	C0276138
28197102	290	301	vagus nerve	T023	C0042276
28197102	306	314	modulate	T082	C0443264
28197102	319	334	immune response	T042	C0301872
28197102	347	359	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28197102	372	383	cholinergic	T169	C0599668
28197102	384	401	anti-inflammatory	T121	C0002773
28197102	402	409	pathway	T044	C1704259
28197102	412	421	dependent	T080	C1701901
28197102	429	464	α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor	T116,T192	C0051334
28197102	466	473	α7nAChR	T116,T192	C0051334
28197102	489	493	role	T077	C1705810
28197102	497	521	β-adrenergic stimulation	T033	C1862288
28197102	525	542	viral myocarditis	T047	C0276138
28197102	552	564	investigated	T169	C1292732
28197102	581	588	studies	T062	C2603343
28197102	594	600	direct	T080	C1947931
28197102	601	607	effect	T080	C1280500
28197102	611	621	vagal tone	T033	C2062863
28197102	630	637	setting	T078	C1552652
28197102	655	662	studied	T062	C2603343
28197102	682	689	present	T079	C0521116
28197102	690	695	study	T062	C2603343
28197102	700	712	investigated	T169	C1292732
28197102	717	723	effect	T080	C1280500
28197102	729	737	cervical	T082	C0205064
28197102	738	746	vagotomy	T061	C0394374
28197102	752	758	murine	T015	C1007978
28197102	759	764	model	T050	C0012644
28197102	768	785	viral myocarditis	T047	C0276138
28197102	792	809	coxsackievirus B3	T129	C1440514
28197102	810	816	murine	T015	C1007978
28197102	817	828	myocarditis	T047	C0027059
28197102	829	834	model	T050	C0012644
28197102	836	842	Balb/c	T015	C0025919
28197102	845	852	effects	T080	C1280500
28197102	856	870	right cervical	T029	C3841490
28197102	871	879	vagotomy	T061	C0394374
28197102	884	906	nAChR agonist nicotine	T121	C0242948
28197102	910	926	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
28197102	928	938	myocardial	T082	C1522564
28197102	939	953	histopathology	T062	C2985639
28197102	955	964	viral RNA	T114	C0035736
28197102	970	985	proinflammatory	T169	C0333348
28197102	986	994	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28197102	995	1001	levels	T080	C0441889
28197102	1007	1014	studied	T062	C2603343
28197102	1030	1044	right cervical	T029	C3841490
28197102	1045	1053	vagotomy	T061	C0394374
28197102	1054	1063	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28197102	1068	1079	cholinergic	T169	C0599668
28197102	1080	1097	anti-inflammatory	T121	C0002773
28197102	1098	1105	pathway	T044	C1704259
28197102	1107	1117	aggravated	T033	C0151885
28197102	1118	1136	myocardial lesions	T033	C0577812
28197102	1138	1150	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28197102	1155	1165	expression	T045	C1171362
28197102	1169	1174	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28197102	1176	1181	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28197102	1187	1191	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28197102	1210	1218	impaired	T169	C0221099
28197102	1219	1244	left ventricular function	T042	C0080310
28197102	1248	1254	murine	T015	C1007978
28197102	1255	1272	viral myocarditis	T047	C0276138
28197102	1297	1305	reversed	T169	C1555029
28197102	1309	1321	co-treatment	T058	C0814472
28197102	1327	1335	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28197102	1339	1349	activating	T052	C1879547
28197102	1354	1365	cholinergic	T169	C0599668
28197102	1366	1383	anti-inflammatory	T121	C0002773
28197102	1384	1391	pathway	T044	C1704259
28197102	1399	1406	results	T033	C0683954
28197102	1407	1415	indicate	T078	C3146298
28197102	1421	1432	vagal nerve	T023	C0175551
28197102	1442	1451	important	T080	C3898777
28197102	1452	1456	role	T077	C1705810
28197102	1474	1491	anti-inflammatory	T121	C0002773
28197102	1492	1498	effect	T080	C1280500
28197102	1502	1519	viral myocarditis	T047	C0276138
28197102	1530	1541	cholinergic	T169	C0599668
28197102	1542	1553	stimulation	T061	C1292856
28197102	1559	1567	nicotine	T109,T131	C0028040
28197102	1583	1593	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28197102	1594	1611	anti-inflammatory	T121	C0002773
28197102	1612	1616	role	T077	C1705810
28197102	1628	1635	α7nAChR	T116,T192	C0051334
28197102	1645	1656	requirement	T169	C1514873
28197102	1665	1674	integrity	T080	C1947912
28197102	1678	1689	vagal nerve	T023	C0175551
28197102	1697	1702	model	T050	C0012644
28197102	1708	1716	findings	T033	C0243095
28197102	1730	1741	vagus nerve	T023	C0042276
28197102	1742	1753	stimulation	T061	C1292856
28197102	1763	1773	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28197102	1781	1793	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28197102	1794	1803	processes	T067	C1522240
28197102	1811	1818	provide	T052	C1999230
28197102	1819	1828	important	T080	C3898777
28197102	1829	1837	benefits	T081	C0814225
28197102	1841	1852	myocarditis	T047	C0027059
28197102	1853	1862	treatment	T061	C0087111

28197133|t|Metatranscriptomics Reveals the Active Bacterial and Eukaryotic Fibrolytic Communities in the Rumen of Dairy Cow Fed a Mixed Diet
28197133|a|Ruminants have a unique ability to derive energy from the degradation of plant polysaccharides through the activity of the rumen microbiota. Although this process is well studied in vitro, knowledge gaps remain regarding the relative contribution of the microbiota members and enzymes in vivo. The present study used RNA-sequencing to reveal both the expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) by the rumen microbiota of a lactating dairy cow and the microorganisms forming the fiber -degrading community. Functional analysis identified 12,237 CAZymes, accounting for 1% of the transcripts. The CAZyme profile was dominated by families GH94 (cellobiose-phosphorylase), GH13 (amylase), GH43 and GH10 (hemicellulases), GH9 and GH48 (cellulases), PL11 (pectinase) as well as GH2 and GH3 (oligosaccharidases). Our data support the pivotal role of the most characterized fibrolytic bacteria (Prevotella, Ruminocccus and Fibrobacter), and highlight a substantial, although most probably underestimated, contribution of fungi and ciliate protozoa to polysaccharide degradation. Particularly these results may motivate further exploration of the role and the functions of protozoa in the rumen. Moreover, an important part of the fibrolytic bacterial community remains to be characterized since one third of the CAZyme transcripts originated from distantly related strains. These findings are used to highlight limitations of current metatranscriptomics approaches to understand the functional rumen microbial community and opportunities to circumvent them.
28197133	0	19	Metatranscriptomics	T059,T063	C0752248
28197133	39	48	Bacterial	T007	C0004611
28197133	53	86	Eukaryotic Fibrolytic Communities	T007	C0004611
28197133	94	99	Rumen	T023	C0035946
28197133	103	112	Dairy Cow	T015	C3687529
28197133	119	124	Mixed	T169	C0205430
28197133	125	129	Diet	T168	C0012155
28197133	130	139	Ruminants	T015	C0035950
28197133	172	178	energy	T081	C1442080
28197133	188	199	degradation	T169	C0243125
28197133	203	208	plant	T002	C0032098
28197133	209	224	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
28197133	237	245	activity	T052	C0441655
28197133	253	258	rumen	T023	C0035946
28197133	259	269	microbiota	T002	C1000792
28197133	285	292	process	T067	C1522240
28197133	309	317	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28197133	384	402	microbiota members	T002	C1000792
28197133	407	414	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28197133	415	422	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28197133	447	461	RNA-sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
28197133	481	491	expression	T045	C0017262
28197133	495	500	genes	T028	C0017337
28197133	510	537	carbohydrate-active enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28197133	539	546	CAZymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28197133	555	560	rumen	T023	C0035946
28197133	561	571	microbiota	T002	C1000792
28197133	577	596	lactating dairy cow	T015	C3687529
28197133	605	619	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28197133	632	637	fiber	T002	C1260603
28197133	649	658	community	T096	C0009462
28197133	660	679	Functional analysis	T062	C0936012
28197133	698	705	CAZymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28197133	732	743	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28197133	749	755	CAZyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28197133	790	794	GH94	T116,T126	C0055033
28197133	796	820	cellobiose-phosphorylase	T116,T126	C0055033
28197133	823	827	GH13	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
28197133	829	836	amylase	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
28197133	839	843	GH43	T116,T121,T126	C0062220
28197133	848	852	GH10	T116,T121,T126	C0062220
28197133	854	868	hemicellulases	T116,T121,T126	C0062220
28197133	871	874	GH9	T116,T126	C1260229
28197133	879	883	GH48	T116,T126	C1260229
28197133	885	895	cellulases	T116,T126	C1260229
28197133	898	902	PL11	T116,T126	C0032491
28197133	904	913	pectinase	T116,T126	C0032491
28197133	926	929	GH2	T116,T126	C0014442
28197133	934	937	GH3	T116,T126	C0014442
28197133	939	957	oligosaccharidases	T116,T126	C0014442
28197133	1020	1039	fibrolytic bacteria	T007	C0004611
28197133	1041	1051	Prevotella	T007	C0242946
28197133	1053	1064	Ruminocccus	T007	C0318074
28197133	1069	1080	Fibrobacter	T007	C0995400
28197133	1151	1163	contribution	T052	C1880177
28197133	1167	1172	fungi	T004	C0016832
28197133	1177	1193	ciliate protozoa	T204	C0008781
28197133	1197	1211	polysaccharide	T109,T121	C0032594
28197133	1212	1223	degradation	T169	C0243125
28197133	1318	1326	protozoa	T204	C0033739
28197133	1334	1339	rumen	T023	C0035946
28197133	1376	1406	fibrolytic bacterial community	T007	C0004611
28197133	1458	1464	CAZyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28197133	1465	1476	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28197133	1511	1518	strains	T007	C0004611
28197133	1580	1599	metatranscriptomics	T059,T063	C0752248
28197133	1640	1645	rumen	T023	C0035946
28197133	1646	1665	microbial community	T001	C0445623

28197156|t|Fine Mapping of Carbon Assimilation Rate 8, a Quantitative Trait Locus for Flag Leaf Nitrogen Content, Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthesis in Rice
28197156|a|Increasing the rate of leaf photosynthesis is one important approach for increasing grain yield in rice (Oryza sativa). Exploiting the natural variation in CO2 assimilation rate (A) between rice cultivars using quantitative genetics is one promising means to identify genes contributing to higher photosynthesis. In this study, we determined precise location of Carbon Assimilation Rate 8 (CAR8) by crossing a high-yielding indica cultivar with a Japanese commercial cultivar. Fine mapping suggested that CAR8 encodes a putative Heme Activator Protein 3 (OsHAP3) subunit of a CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor called OsHAP3H. Sequencing analysis revealed that the indica allele of CAR8 has a 1-bp deletion at 322 bp from the start codon, resulting in a truncated protein of 125 amino acids. In addition, CAR8 is identical to DTH8 / Ghd8 / LHD1, which was reported to control rice flowering date. The increase of A is largely due to an increase of RuBP regeneration rate via increased leaf nitrogen content, and partially explained by reduced stomatal limitation via increased stomatal conductance relative to A. This allele also increases hydraulic conductivity, which would promote higher stomatal conductance. This indicates that CAR8 affects multiple physiological aspects relating to photosynthesis. The detailed analysis of molecular functions of CAR8 would help to understand the association between photosynthesis and flowering and demonstrate specific genetic mechanisms that can be exploited to improve photosynthesis in rice and potentially other crops.
28197156	0	12	Fine Mapping	T052	C1283195
28197156	16	42	Carbon Assimilation Rate 8	T028	C0017337
28197156	46	70	Quantitative Trait Locus	T028	C0597336
28197156	75	84	Flag Leaf	T002	C0242724
28197156	85	93	Nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28197156	94	101	Content	T077	C0456205
28197156	103	111	Stomatal	T002	C1955855
28197156	112	123	Conductance	T081	C0392762
28197156	128	142	Photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
28197156	146	150	Rice	T002	C1140671
28197156	151	161	Increasing	T169	C0442808
28197156	166	170	rate	T081	C1521828
28197156	174	193	leaf photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
28197156	235	246	grain yield	T081	C0392762
28197156	250	254	rice	T002	C1140671
28197156	256	268	Oryza sativa	T002	C1140671
28197156	294	303	variation	T080	C0205419
28197156	307	328	CO2 assimilation rate	T081	C1521828
28197156	341	355	rice cultivars	T002	C1140671
28197156	362	383	quantitative genetics	T090	C1514626
28197156	419	424	genes	T028	C0017337
28197156	448	462	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
28197156	501	509	location	T082	C0450429
28197156	513	539	Carbon Assimilation Rate 8	T028	C0017337
28197156	541	545	CAR8	T028	C0017337
28197156	550	558	crossing	T045	C0010366
28197156	575	590	indica cultivar	T002	C1659274
28197156	598	606	Japanese	T083	C0022341
28197156	607	617	commercial	T170	C0680536
28197156	618	626	cultivar	T002	C0032098
28197156	628	640	Fine mapping	T052	C1283195
28197156	656	660	CAR8	T028	C0017337
28197156	661	668	encodes	T052	C2700640
28197156	671	704	putative Heme Activator Protein 3	T116,T123	C0033684
28197156	706	712	OsHAP3	T116,T123	C0033684
28197156	727	765	CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor	T116,T123	C0526260
28197156	773	780	OsHAP3H	T028	C0017337
28197156	782	801	Sequencing analysis	T063	C1328887
28197156	820	826	indica	T002	C1659274
28197156	827	833	allele	T028	C0002085
28197156	837	841	CAR8	T028	C0017337
28197156	848	861	1-bp deletion	T049	C0162773
28197156	869	871	bp	T044	C0600436
28197156	881	892	start codon	T086	C0242610
28197156	909	926	truncated protein	T116	C1144558
28197156	934	945	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28197156	960	964	CAR8	T028	C0017337
28197156	968	977	identical	T080	C0205280
28197156	981	985	DTH8	T028	C0017337
28197156	988	992	Ghd8	T028	C0017337
28197156	995	999	LHD1	T028	C0017337
28197156	1031	1035	rice	T002	C1140671
28197156	1036	1045	flowering	T040	C1820370
28197156	1046	1050	date	T079	C0011008
28197156	1056	1064	increase	T169	C0442805
28197156	1068	1069	A	T081	C1521828
28197156	1091	1099	increase	T169	C0442805
28197156	1103	1125	RuBP regeneration rate	T081	C1521828
28197156	1130	1139	increased	T081	C0205217
28197156	1140	1144	leaf	T002	C0242724
28197156	1145	1153	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28197156	1154	1161	content	T077	C0456205
28197156	1190	1197	reduced	T080	C0392756
28197156	1198	1206	stomatal	T002	C1955855
28197156	1207	1217	limitation	T169	C0449295
28197156	1222	1231	increased	T081	C0205217
28197156	1232	1240	stomatal	T002	C1955855
28197156	1241	1252	conductance	T081	C0392762
28197156	1265	1266	A	T081	C1521828
28197156	1273	1279	allele	T028	C0002085
28197156	1295	1317	hydraulic conductivity	T080	C0205556
28197156	1331	1338	promote	T052	C0033414
28197156	1346	1354	stomatal	T002	C1955855
28197156	1355	1366	conductance	T081	C0392762
28197156	1388	1392	CAR8	T028	C0017337
28197156	1410	1431	physiological aspects	T039	C0031843
28197156	1444	1458	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
28197156	1473	1481	analysis	T062	C0936012
28197156	1485	1504	molecular functions	T044	C1148560
28197156	1508	1512	CAR8	T028	C0017337
28197156	1542	1553	association	T080	C0439849
28197156	1562	1576	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
28197156	1581	1590	flowering	T040	C1820370
28197156	1616	1623	genetic	T169	C0314603
28197156	1624	1634	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28197156	1660	1667	improve	T033	C0184511
28197156	1668	1682	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
28197156	1686	1690	rice	T002	C1140671
28197156	1713	1718	crops	UnknownType	C0868961

28197674|t|Role of vision in sighted and blind soccer players in adapting to an unstable balance task
28197674|a|This study tested whether a compensatory hypothesis exists on postural control during standing unstable balance tasks comparing blind soccer players (n = 7) to sighted soccer players (n = 15) and sighted sedentary individuals (n = 6). All subjects performed a pre - test, a training of ten practice trials on a single day, and a post - test balance test. All tests were performed on an unstable surface placed on a force platform and under closed-eyes conditions, and a final test was performed with open eyes. Balance performance was assessed by resultant distance (RD) and the magnitude of mean velocity (MV) of the centre of pressure (CoP) displacement, and EMG signals from the gastrocnemius lateralis, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, and peroneus longus were measured with surface electromyography. Principal component analysis (PCA) on EMG muscular activation was used to assess EMG pattern differences during the balance tasks. All groups improved their performance, obtaining low scores for the closed-eyes condition balance task after the training period in RD, VM, and aids received to keep balance in the novel task, and no differences were found between groups or in interaction effects. Sighted individuals and the control group showed significantly lower RD and VM scores under open-eyes conditions than blind participants. As regards neuromuscular behaviour, three principal patterns explained 84.15% of the variability in the measured data. The theoretical improvement of the other senses caused by visual deprivation does not allow blind individuals to obtain better balance than sighted individuals under closed-eyes conditions, thereby reinforcing the prominent role of vision in integrating and processing the other sensory inputs. In addition, blind individuals seem to increase their muscular co-activation as a safety strategy, but this behaviour is not different to that shown by sighted people under closed-eyes conditions.
28197674	8	14	vision	T040	C0042789
28197674	18	25	sighted	T033	C3665347
28197674	30	35	blind	T033	C0456909
28197674	36	50	soccer players	T097	C0402102
28197674	78	90	balance task	T060	C3176878
28197674	119	131	compensatory	T169	C0231186
28197674	132	142	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28197674	153	169	postural control	T033	C0561949
28197674	195	208	balance tasks	T060	C3176878
28197674	219	224	blind	T033	C0456909
28197674	225	239	soccer players	T097	C0402102
28197674	251	258	sighted	T033	C3665347
28197674	259	273	soccer players	T097	C0402102
28197674	287	294	sighted	T033	C3665347
28197674	295	304	sedentary	T080	C0205254
28197674	305	316	individuals	T098	C0027361
28197674	351	354	pre	T079	C0332152
28197674	357	361	test	T060	C3176878
28197674	365	373	training	T065	C0220931
28197674	381	389	practice	T041	C0237607
28197674	390	396	trials	T062	C0681815
28197674	402	412	single day	T079	C3844320
28197674	420	424	post	T079	C0687676
28197674	427	431	test	T060	C3176878
28197674	432	444	balance test	T060	C3176878
28197674	450	455	tests	T060	C3176878
28197674	477	485	unstable	T033	C0443343
28197674	486	493	surface	T082	C0205148
28197674	506	520	force platform	T074	C0492768
28197674	531	553	closed-eyes conditions	T033	C4300377
28197674	567	571	test	T060	C3176878
28197674	591	600	open eyes	T033	C4300464
28197674	602	621	Balance performance	T040	C2945638
28197674	638	656	resultant distance	T081	C0012751
28197674	658	660	RD	T081	C0012751
28197674	670	679	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28197674	683	696	mean velocity	T081	C0439830
28197674	698	700	MV	T081	C0439830
28197674	709	727	centre of pressure	T067	C0033095
28197674	729	732	CoP	T067	C0033095
28197674	734	746	displacement	T169	C0333051
28197674	752	755	EMG	T060	C0013839
28197674	756	763	signals	T067	C1710082
28197674	773	796	gastrocnemius lateralis	T023	C0242691
28197674	798	815	tibialis anterior	T023	C0242690
28197674	817	831	rectus femoris	T023	C0584894
28197674	837	852	peroneus longus	T023	C0224469
28197674	872	896	surface electromyography	T060	C0430815
28197674	898	926	Principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
28197674	928	931	PCA	T081	C0429865
28197674	936	939	EMG	T060	C0013839
28197674	940	948	muscular	T082	C0442025
28197674	949	959	activation	T052	C1879547
28197674	979	990	EMG pattern	T033	C0455751
28197674	1014	1027	balance tasks	T060	C3176878
28197674	1055	1066	performance	T040	C2945638
28197674	1082	1088	scores	T081	C0449820
28197674	1097	1118	closed-eyes condition	T033	C4300377
28197674	1119	1131	balance task	T060	C3176878
28197674	1142	1150	training	T065	C0220931
28197674	1151	1157	period	T079	C1948053
28197674	1161	1163	RD	T081	C0012751
28197674	1165	1167	VM	T081	C0439830
28197674	1195	1202	balance	T040	C0678854
28197674	1216	1220	task	T057	C3540678
28197674	1273	1284	interaction	T169	C1704675
28197674	1285	1292	effects	T080	C1280500
28197674	1294	1301	Sighted	T033	C3665347
28197674	1302	1313	individuals	T098	C0027361
28197674	1322	1335	control group	T096	C0009932
28197674	1363	1365	RD	T081	C0012751
28197674	1370	1379	VM scores	T081	C0449820
28197674	1386	1406	open-eyes conditions	T033	C4300464
28197674	1412	1417	blind	T033	C0456909
28197674	1418	1430	participants	T098	C0679646
28197674	1443	1466	neuromuscular behaviour	T061	C0204036
28197674	1474	1492	principal patterns	T082	C0449774
28197674	1517	1528	variability	T081	C1705098
28197674	1536	1544	measured	T080	C0444706
28197674	1545	1549	data	T078	C1511726
28197674	1555	1578	theoretical improvement	T078	C0039777
28197674	1592	1598	senses	T042	C0036658
28197674	1609	1627	visual deprivation	T041	C0597659
28197674	1643	1648	blind	T033	C0456909
28197674	1649	1660	individuals	T098	C0027361
28197674	1678	1685	balance	T040	C0678854
28197674	1691	1698	sighted	T033	C3665347
28197674	1699	1710	individuals	T098	C0027361
28197674	1717	1739	closed-eyes conditions	T033	C4300377
28197674	1749	1760	reinforcing	T078	C0035011
28197674	1783	1789	vision	T040	C0042789
28197674	1793	1804	integrating	T040	C0679019
28197674	1809	1819	processing	T052	C1709694
28197674	1830	1837	sensory	T033	C0036674
28197674	1838	1844	inputs	T077	C1708517
28197674	1859	1864	blind	T033	C0456909
28197674	1865	1876	individuals	T098	C0027361
28197674	1900	1908	muscular	T082	C0442025
28197674	1909	1922	co-activation	T052	C1879547
28197674	1928	1934	safety	T068	C0036043
28197674	1954	1963	behaviour	T053	C0004927
28197674	1998	2005	sighted	T033	C3665347
28197674	2006	2012	people	T098	C0027361
28197674	2019	2041	closed-eyes conditions	T033	C4300377

28197965|t|Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had central nervous system involvement: a study from the Adult ALL Working Group of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
28197965|a|The prognosis for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement (CNS+) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) remains unclear. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of allo-SCT for patients with CNS involvement and for patients without CNS involvement (CNS-) using a database in Japan. The eligibility criteria for this study were as follows: diagnosis of ALL, aged more than 16 years, allo-SCT between 2005 and 2012, and first SCT. Data for 2582 patients including 136 CNS+ patients and 2446 CNS- patients were used for analyses. As compared with CNS- patients, CNS+ patients were younger, had worse disease status at SCT and had poorer performance status (PS) at SCT (P < 0.01). Incidence of relapse was higher in CNS+ patients (P = 0.02), and incidence of CNS relapse was also higher (P < 0.01). The probability of 3- year overall survival (OS) was better in CNS- patients (P < 0.01) by univariate analysis. However, in patients who received SCT in CR, there was no difference in the probability of OS between CNS+ and CNS- patients (P = 0.38) and CNS involvement did not have an unfavorable effect on OS by multivariate analysis. CNS+ patients who achieved CR showed OS comparable to that of CNS- patients.
28197965	0	36	Allogeneic stem cell transplantation	T061	C2242529
28197965	41	46	adult	T100	C0001675
28197965	47	55	patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	61	89	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
28197965	98	132	central nervous system involvement	T033	C4050309
28197965	136	141	study	T062	C2603343
28197965	151	156	Adult	T100	C0001675
28197965	157	160	ALL	T191	C0023449
28197965	161	174	Working Group	T098	C1883562
28197965	182	187	Japan	T083	C0022341
28197965	188	195	Society	T092	C0037455
28197965	200	234	Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation	T061	C1705576
28197965	239	248	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28197965	253	258	adult	T100	C0001675
28197965	259	287	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
28197965	289	292	ALL	T191	C0023449
28197965	294	302	patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	308	348	central nervous system (CNS) involvement	T033	C4050309
28197965	350	354	CNS+	T033	C4050309
28197965	369	419	allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation	T061	C1705576
28197965	421	429	allo-SCT	T061	C1705576
28197965	451	466	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28197965	480	488	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28197965	492	500	allo-SCT	T061	C1705576
28197965	505	513	patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	519	534	CNS involvement	T033	C4050309
28197965	543	551	patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	552	559	without	T080	C0332288
28197965	560	575	CNS involvement	T033	C4050309
28197965	577	581	CNS-	T033	C4050309
28197965	591	599	database	T170	C0242356
28197965	603	608	Japan	T083	C0022341
28197965	626	634	criteria	T078	C0243161
28197965	644	649	study	T062	C2603343
28197965	667	676	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28197965	680	683	ALL	T191	C0023449
28197965	703	708	years	T079	C1510829
28197965	710	718	allo-SCT	T061	C1705576
28197965	746	751	first	T081	C0205435
28197965	752	755	SCT	T061	C1705576
28197965	757	761	Data	T078	C1511726
28197965	771	779	patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	794	807	CNS+ patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	817	830	CNS- patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	845	853	analyses	T062	C0936012
28197965	872	885	CNS- patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	887	900	CNS+ patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	906	913	younger	T079	C0332239
28197965	919	924	worse	T033	C1457868
28197965	925	932	disease	T047	C0012634
28197965	933	939	status	T080	C0449438
28197965	943	946	SCT	T061	C1705576
28197965	962	980	performance status	T201	C1518965
28197965	982	984	PS	T201	C1518965
28197965	989	992	SCT	T061	C1705576
28197965	1005	1014	Incidence	T081	C0021149
28197965	1018	1025	relapse	T067	C0035020
28197965	1040	1053	CNS+ patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	1070	1079	incidence	T081	C0021149
28197965	1083	1086	CNS	T022	C3714787
28197965	1087	1094	relapse	T067	C0035020
28197965	1127	1138	probability	T081	C0033204
28197965	1145	1149	year	T079	C0439234
28197965	1150	1166	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28197965	1168	1170	OS	T081	C4086681
28197965	1186	1199	CNS- patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	1214	1233	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28197965	1247	1255	patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	1260	1268	received	T080	C1514756
28197965	1269	1272	SCT	T061	C1705576
28197965	1276	1278	CR	T033	C0677874
28197965	1290	1303	no difference	T033	C3842396
28197965	1311	1322	probability	T081	C0033204
28197965	1326	1328	OS	T081	C4086681
28197965	1337	1341	CNS+	T033	C4050309
28197965	1346	1350	CNS-	T033	C4050309
28197965	1351	1359	patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	1375	1390	CNS involvement	T033	C4050309
28197965	1407	1418	unfavorable	T080	C3640815
28197965	1419	1425	effect	T080	C1280500
28197965	1429	1431	OS	T081	C4086681
28197965	1435	1456	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28197965	1458	1471	CNS+ patients	T101	C0030705
28197965	1485	1487	CR	T033	C0677874
28197965	1495	1497	OS	T081	C4086681
28197965	1520	1533	CNS- patients	T101	C0030705

28198310|t|Combating the ' silent killer ' that is hypertension
28198310|a|Cardiovascular disease is the second largest cause of premature death and ill health in England, with high blood pressure the third biggest risk factor after smoking and poor diet.
28198310	16	29	silent killer	T033	C0243095
28198310	40	52	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28198310	53	75	Cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28198310	98	103	cause	T033	C0007465
28198310	107	122	premature death	T033	C1855073
28198310	127	137	ill health	T184	C0221423
28198310	141	148	England	T083	C0014282
28198310	155	174	high blood pressure	T047	C0020538
28198310	193	204	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28198310	211	218	smoking	T055	C0037369
28198310	223	232	poor diet	T033	C0588012

28198592|t|Bone Marrow -Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells -Derived Exosomes Promote Survival of Retinal Ganglion Cells Through miRNA -Dependent Mechanisms
28198592|a|The loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and their axons is one of the leading causes of blindness and includes traumatic (optic neuropathy) and degenerative (glaucoma) eye diseases. Although no clinical therapies are in use, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have demonstrated significant neuroprotective and axogenic effects on RGC in both of the aforementioned models. Recent evidence has shown that MSC secrete exosomes, membrane enclosed vesicles (30-100 nm) containing proteins, mRNA and miRNA which can be delivered to nearby cells. The present study aimed to isolate exosomes from bone marrow -derived MSC (BMSC) and test them in a rat optic nerve crush (ONC) model. Treatment of primary retinal cultures with BMSC - exosomes demonstrated significant neuroprotective and neuritogenic effects. Twenty-one days after ONC and weekly intravitreal exosome injections; optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, and immunohistochemistry was performed. BMSC -derived exosomes promoted statistically significant survival of RGC and regeneration of their axons while partially preventing RGC axonal loss and RGC dysfunction. Exosomes successfully delivered their cargo into inner retinal layers and the effects were reliant on miRNA, demonstrated by the diminished therapeutic effects of exosomes derived from BMSC after knockdown of Argonaute-2, a key miRNA effector molecule. This study supports the use of BMSC -derived exosomes as a cell-free therapy for traumatic and degenerative ocular disease. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1273-1285.
28198592	0	11	Bone Marrow	T024	C0005953
28198592	21	43	Mesenchymal Stem Cells	T025	C1257975
28198592	53	61	Exosomes	T026	C2350332
28198592	70	78	Survival	T043	C0007620
28198592	82	104	Retinal Ganglion Cells	T025	C0035316
28198592	113	118	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28198592	130	140	Mechanisms	T044	C0678659
28198592	145	149	loss	T081	C1517945
28198592	153	175	retinal ganglion cells	T025	C0035316
28198592	177	180	RGC	T025	C0035316
28198592	192	197	axons	T026	C0004461
28198592	230	239	blindness	T033	C0456909
28198592	253	262	traumatic	T037	C0015408
28198592	264	280	optic neuropathy	T047	C3887709
28198592	286	298	degenerative	T047	C0154777
28198592	300	308	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
28198592	310	322	eye diseases	T047	C0015397
28198592	333	335	no	T033	C1513916
28198592	336	354	clinical therapies	T061	C0087111
28198592	367	389	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28198592	391	394	MSC	T025	C1257975
28198592	426	441	neuroprotective	T169	C0815279
28198592	446	462	axogenic effects	T043	C0007613
28198592	466	469	RGC	T025	C0035316
28198592	539	542	MSC	T025	C1257975
28198592	551	559	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28198592	561	569	membrane	T026	C0596901
28198592	579	587	vesicles	T026	C1622418
28198592	611	619	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28198592	621	625	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28198592	630	635	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28198592	669	674	cells	T025	C0007634
28198592	688	693	study	T062	C2603343
28198592	711	719	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28198592	725	736	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28198592	746	749	MSC	T025	C1257975
28198592	751	755	BMSC	T025	C1257975
28198592	776	779	rat	T015	C0034693
28198592	780	809	optic nerve crush (ONC) model	T050	C0012644
28198592	811	820	Treatment	T169	C1522326
28198592	824	848	primary retinal cultures	T059	C0430400
28198592	854	858	BMSC	T025	C1257975
28198592	861	869	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28198592	895	910	neuroprotective	T169	C0815279
28198592	915	935	neuritogenic effects	T043	C0007613
28198592	948	952	days	T079	C0439228
28198592	959	962	ONC	T050	C0012644
28198592	967	973	weekly	T079	C0332174
28198592	974	1005	intravitreal exosome injections	T169	C1554888
28198592	1007	1035	optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
28198592	1037	1056	electroretinography	T060	C0013867
28198592	1062	1082	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28198592	1098	1102	BMSC	T025	C1257975
28198592	1112	1120	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28198592	1156	1164	survival	T043	C0007620
28198592	1168	1171	RGC	T025	C0035316
28198592	1176	1188	regeneration	T043	C0598425
28198592	1198	1203	axons	T026	C0004461
28198592	1231	1234	RGC	T025	C0035316
28198592	1251	1254	RGC	T025	C0035316
28198592	1255	1266	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28198592	1268	1276	Exosomes	T026	C2350332
28198592	1317	1337	inner retinal layers	T023	C0229211
28198592	1370	1375	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28198592	1408	1427	therapeutic effects	T201	C1527144
28198592	1431	1439	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28198592	1453	1457	BMSC	T025	C1257975
28198592	1464	1473	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28198592	1477	1488	Argonaute-2	T028	C1414333
28198592	1496	1501	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28198592	1526	1531	study	T062	C2603343
28198592	1552	1556	BMSC	T025	C1257975
28198592	1566	1574	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28198592	1580	1597	cell-free therapy	T061	C0087111
28198592	1602	1611	traumatic	T037	C0015408
28198592	1616	1643	degenerative ocular disease	T047	C0154777

28198835|t|Methane -based in situ temperature rise measurement in a diode-pumped rubidium laser
28198835|a|We measured active zone temperature rise of an operational diode-pumped rubidium laser non-perturbatively with methane -based near-infrared tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLAS). For a Rb+ methane diode-pumped alkali laser (DPAL), the temperature rise was obtained. Especially, the temperature differences (∼10 K) between lasing and un-lasing cases were well identified, which demonstrated a high sensitivity of the method. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of extending the methane -based TDLAS method to DPAL study.
28198835	0	7	Methane	T109	C0025617
28198835	15	22	in situ	T082	C0444498
28198835	23	34	temperature	T081	C0039476
28198835	35	39	rise	T169	C0442805
28198835	40	51	measurement	T169	C0242485
28198835	57	84	diode-pumped rubidium laser	T073	C1269092
28198835	88	96	measured	T080	C0444706
28198835	97	108	active zone	T082	C1254362
28198835	109	120	temperature	T081	C0039476
28198835	121	125	rise	T169	C0442805
28198835	132	143	operational	T052	C0336913
28198835	144	171	diode-pumped rubidium laser	T073	C1269092
28198835	172	190	non-perturbatively	T033	C4035914
28198835	196	203	methane	T109	C0025617
28198835	211	224	near-infrared	T070	C1289901
28198835	225	232	tunable	T169	C0205245
28198835	233	257	diode laser spectroscopy	T073	C1269092
28198835	259	264	TDLAS	T073	C1269092
28198835	273	276	Rb+	T196	C0035930
28198835	277	284	methane	T109	C0025617
28198835	285	310	diode-pumped alkali laser	T074	C0259975
28198835	312	316	DPAL	T074	C0259975
28198835	323	334	temperature	T081	C0039476
28198835	335	339	rise	T169	C0442805
28198835	370	381	temperature	T081	C0039476
28198835	382	393	differences	T080	C1705242
28198835	480	496	high sensitivity	T067	C2346484
28198835	504	510	method	T170	C0025663
28198835	579	586	methane	T109	C0025617
28198835	594	599	TDLAS	T073	C1269092
28198835	600	606	method	T170	C0025663
28198835	610	614	DPAL	T074	C0259975
28198835	615	620	study	T062	C2603343

28199181|t|A cut above
28199181|a|A new technique called CUT&RUN can map the distribution of proteins on the genome with higher resolution and accuracy than existing approaches.
28199181	2	11	cut above	T063	C1513384
28199181	18	27	technique	T169	C0449851
28199181	35	42	CUT&RUN	T063	C1513384
28199181	47	50	map	T169	C3178902
28199181	55	79	distribution of proteins	T043	C0872250
28199181	87	93	genome	T028	C0017428
28199181	99	105	higher	T080	C0205250
28199181	106	116	resolution	T077	C2699488
28199181	121	129	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28199181	144	154	approaches	T169	C1292724

28199934|t|Mixed corticomedullary adrenal carcinoma - case report: Comparison in features, treatment and prognosis with the other two reported cases
28199934|a|Adrenal corticomedullary adenoma was reviewed in many cases in PubMed Library, While the coincidence corticomedullary adrenal carcinoma in the same gland was just described in two cases in the medical literature. Our case is the third to be reported and was treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy and followed for two years. A 50- year -old man suffered from a mass effect in the left abdominal side. While the laboratory showed a mild elevation in the levels of both serum cortisol and 24h urine cortisol, radiological images were highly suggested an adrenal malignant tumor without metastasis. At surgery a 22cm sized mass was completely resected. Immunohistochemical study identified expression of both adrenocortical carcinoma and pheochromocytoma markers. Cases of coincidence corticomedullary tumor have been published in many reviews, cortical and/or medulllary hypersecretion were not always detected preoperatively by biochemical tests. Mixed corticomedullary carcinoma are exceedingly rare, we came across three reported cases in medical literature, in one case laboratory tests confirmed both cortical and medulla hypersecretion, while the two others detected only cortical hypersecretion. The final diagnosis was always confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. It could be noted that this is the first comparison of presentation, diagnosis, treatments and follow-up of the three cases of Mixed corticomedullary carcinoma. This could contribute to understanding the behavior and management of this rare malignancy and make it more familiar in clinical practice.
28199934	6	22	corticomedullary	T023	C0927224
28199934	23	40	adrenal carcinoma	T191	C0206686
28199934	43	54	case report	T170	C0085973
28199934	56	66	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28199934	70	78	features	T080	C2348519
28199934	80	89	treatment	T169	C1522326
28199934	94	103	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28199934	132	137	cases	T169	C0868928
28199934	138	162	Adrenal corticomedullary	T030	C0229567
28199934	163	170	adenoma	T191	C0001430
28199934	175	183	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28199934	192	197	cases	T169	C0868928
28199934	201	215	PubMed Library	T170	C1138432
28199934	239	255	corticomedullary	T023	C0927224
28199934	256	273	adrenal carcinoma	T191	C0206686
28199934	286	291	gland	T023	C0001625
28199934	301	310	described	T078	C1552738
28199934	318	323	cases	T169	C0868928
28199934	331	349	medical literature	T078	C0025120
28199934	355	359	case	T169	C0868928
28199934	396	403	treated	T169	C1522326
28199934	409	416	surgery	T061	C0543467
28199934	421	442	adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
28199934	464	469	years	T079	C0439234
28199934	477	481	year	T079	C0439234
28199934	487	490	man	T032	C0086582
28199934	507	518	mass effect	T033	C4086564
28199934	526	545	left abdominal side	T023	C1562302
28199934	557	567	laboratory	T059	C0022885
28199934	577	591	mild elevation	T082	C0702240
28199934	599	605	levels	T080	C0441889
28199934	614	628	serum cortisol	T059	C0236396
28199934	637	651	urine cortisol	T059	C1271705
28199934	653	672	radiological images	T170	C1704254
28199934	685	694	suggested	T078	C1705535
28199934	698	721	adrenal malignant tumor	T191	C0750887
28199934	730	740	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28199934	745	752	surgery	T061	C0543467
28199934	760	765	sized	T082	C0456389
28199934	766	770	mass	T033	C3273930
28199934	786	794	resected	T080	C1521996
28199934	796	815	Immunohistochemical	T060	C0021044
28199934	852	876	adrenocortical carcinoma	T191	C0206686
28199934	881	897	pheochromocytoma	T191	C0031511
28199934	898	905	markers	T201	C0005516
28199934	907	912	Cases	T169	C0868928
28199934	928	944	corticomedullary	T023	C0927224
28199934	945	950	tumor	T191	C0027651
28199934	961	970	published	T170	C0282411
28199934	988	996	cortical	T047	C1389845
28199934	1004	1029	medulllary hypersecretion	T047	C1386491
28199934	1046	1054	detected	T033	C0442726
28199934	1055	1069	preoperatively	T079	C0445204
28199934	1073	1090	biochemical tests	T059	C0430027
28199934	1098	1114	corticomedullary	T023	C0927224
28199934	1115	1124	carcinoma	T191	C0007097
28199934	1129	1145	exceedingly rare	T080	C0522498
28199934	1177	1182	cases	T169	C0868928
28199934	1186	1204	medical literature	T078	C0025120
28199934	1218	1234	laboratory tests	T059	C0022885
28199934	1235	1244	confirmed	T080	C0521093
28199934	1250	1258	cortical	T047	C1389845
28199934	1263	1285	medulla hypersecretion	T047	C1386491
28199934	1308	1316	detected	T033	C0442726
28199934	1322	1345	cortical hypersecretion	T047	C1389845
28199934	1357	1366	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28199934	1378	1390	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
28199934	1391	1419	immunohistochemical staining	T059	C1508788
28199934	1462	1472	comparison	T052	C1707455
28199934	1476	1488	presentation	T078	C0449450
28199934	1490	1499	diagnosis	T080	C1704338
28199934	1501	1511	treatments	T169	C1522326
28199934	1539	1544	cases	T169	C0868928
28199934	1554	1570	corticomedullary	T023	C0927224
28199934	1571	1580	carcinoma	T191	C0007097
28199934	1625	1633	behavior	T169	C0474325
28199934	1638	1648	management	T058	C0376636
28199934	1662	1672	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28199934	1702	1719	clinical practice	T062	C0008972

28199964|t|Blockade of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibits the contractility and invasion potential of cancer stem like cells
28199964|a|Recent studies have implicated the roles of cancer stem like cells (CSCs) in cancer metastasis. However, very limited knowledge exists at the molecular and cellular level to target CSCs for prevention of cancer metastasis. In this study, we examined the roles of contractile dynamics of CSCs in cell invasion and delineated the underlying molecular mechanisms of their distinct cell invasion potential. Using de-adhesion assay and atomic force microscopy, we show that CSCs derived from melanoma and breast cancer cell lines exhibit increased contractility compared to non-CSCs across all tumor types. In addition, CSCs possess increased ECM remodeling capacity as quantified by collagen degradation assay. More importantly, pharmacological blockade of Rho-associated protein kinase completely abolished the contractility and collagen degradation capacity of both CSCs and non-CSCs. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the importance of cell contractility in regulating invasiveness of CSCs and suggests that pharmacological targeting of ROCK pathway represents a novel strategy for targeting both CSCs and bulk population for the treatment of cancer metastasis.
28199964	0	8	Blockade	T169	C0332206
28199964	12	41	Rho-associated protein kinase	T116,T126	C0389995
28199964	43	47	ROCK	T116,T126	C0389995
28199964	49	57	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28199964	62	75	contractility	T043	C0007613
28199964	80	88	invasion	T046	C2699153
28199964	89	98	potential	T033	C0243095
28199964	102	124	cancer stem like cells	T025	C1956422
28199964	169	191	cancer stem like cells	T025	C1956422
28199964	193	197	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28199964	202	219	cancer metastasis	T191	C2939420
28199964	267	295	molecular and cellular level	T080	C0441889
28199964	299	305	target	T169	C1521840
28199964	306	310	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28199964	315	325	prevention	T080	C2700409
28199964	329	346	cancer metastasis	T191	C2939420
28199964	388	408	contractile dynamics	T070	C3826426
28199964	412	416	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28199964	420	433	cell invasion	T046	C2699153
28199964	464	484	molecular mechanisms	T044	C3537153
28199964	503	516	cell invasion	T046	C2699153
28199964	517	526	potential	T033	C0243095
28199964	534	551	de-adhesion assay	T059	C0022885
28199964	556	579	atomic force microscopy	T059	C0242849
28199964	594	598	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28199964	612	620	melanoma	T025	C1513095
28199964	625	649	breast cancer cell lines	T025	C1512505
28199964	658	667	increased	T081	C0205217
28199964	668	681	contractility	T043	C0007613
28199964	694	702	non-CSCs	T025	C0038250
28199964	714	725	tumor types	T033	C4263544
28199964	740	744	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28199964	753	762	increased	T081	C0205217
28199964	763	766	ECM	T024	C0015350
28199964	767	777	remodeling	UnknownType	C0678692
28199964	778	786	capacity	T081	C1516240
28199964	804	812	collagen	T116	C0009325
28199964	813	830	degradation assay	T059	C0022885
28199964	850	874	pharmacological blockade	T169	C0332206
28199964	878	907	Rho-associated protein kinase	T116,T126	C0389995
28199964	933	946	contractility	T043	C0007613
28199964	951	980	collagen degradation capacity	T044	C1157968
28199964	989	993	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28199964	998	1006	non-CSCs	T025	C0038250
28199964	1069	1082	contractility	T043	C0007613
28199964	1097	1109	invasiveness	T046	C0920779
28199964	1113	1117	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28199964	1136	1161	pharmacological targeting	T043	C0599894
28199964	1165	1169	ROCK	T116,T126	C0389995
28199964	1170	1177	pathway	T044	C1148560
28199964	1210	1219	targeting	T043	C0599894
28199964	1225	1229	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28199964	1258	1267	treatment	T061	C0087111
28199964	1271	1288	cancer metastasis	T191	C2939420

28199983|t|A versatile system for rapid multiplex genome-edited CAR T cell generation
28199983|a|The therapeutic potential of CRISPR system has already been demonstrated in many instances and begun to overlap with the rapidly expanding field of cancer immunotherapy, especially on the production of genetically modified T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Efficient genomic disruption of multiple gene loci to generate universal donor cells, as well as potent effector T cells resistant to multiple inhibitory pathways such as PD-1 and CTLA4 is an attractive strategy for cell therapy. In this study, we accomplished rapid and efficient multiplex genomic editing, and re-directing T cells with antigen specific CAR via a one-shot CRISPR protocol by incorporation of multiple gRNAs in a CAR lentiviral vector. High efficient double knockout of endogenous TCR and HLA class I could be easily achieved to generate allogeneic universal CAR T cells. We also generated Fas - resistant universal CAR T cells by triple gene disruption. Simultaneous gene editing of four gene loci using the one-shot CRISPR protocol to generate allogeneic universal T cells deficient of both PD1 and CTLA-4 was also attempted.
28199983	12	18	system	T169	C0449913
28199983	39	52	genome-edited	T063	C4279981
28199983	53	56	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
28199983	57	63	T cell	T025	C0039194
28199983	64	74	generation	T052	C3146294
28199983	79	90	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
28199983	91	100	potential	T080	C3245505
28199983	104	110	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
28199983	111	117	system	T169	C0449913
28199983	223	243	cancer immunotherapy	T061	C0278348
28199983	277	297	genetically modified	T063	C4277689
28199983	298	313	T cell receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
28199983	317	342	chimeric antigen receptor	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
28199983	344	347	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
28199983	349	356	T cells	T025	C0039194
28199983	368	375	genomic	T028	C0017428
28199983	376	386	disruption	T169	C0332453
28199983	399	408	gene loci	T028	C0678933
28199983	421	430	universal	T080	C0175671
28199983	431	442	donor cells	T025	C0007634
28199983	462	478	effector T cells	T025	C3641722
28199983	479	488	resistant	T169	C0332325
28199983	501	511	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28199983	512	520	pathways	T077	C1705987
28199983	529	533	PD-1	T028	C1418401
28199983	538	543	CTLA4	T028	C1332802
28199983	574	586	cell therapy	T061	C0302189
28199983	596	601	study	T062	C2603343
28199983	649	664	genomic editing	T063	C4279981
28199983	683	690	T cells	T025	C0039194
28199983	696	712	antigen specific	T129	C0456981
28199983	713	716	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
28199983	732	738	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
28199983	739	747	protocol	T170	C0442711
28199983	777	782	gRNAs	T114,T123	C0082774
28199983	788	791	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
28199983	792	809	lentiviral vector	T121	C1520007
28199983	833	841	knockout	T063	C0599772
28199983	845	855	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28199983	856	859	TCR	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
28199983	864	875	HLA class I	T109,T129	C0008897
28199983	913	923	allogeneic	T080	C1515895
28199983	924	933	universal	T080	C0175671
28199983	934	937	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
28199983	938	945	T cells	T025	C0039194
28199983	965	968	Fas	T116,T192	C1454645
28199983	971	980	resistant	T169	C0332325
28199983	981	990	universal	T080	C0175671
28199983	991	994	CAR	T116,T129,T192	C4039583
28199983	995	1002	T cells	T025	C0039194
28199983	1013	1017	gene	T028	C0017337
28199983	1018	1028	disruption	T169	C0332453
28199983	1043	1055	gene editing	T063	C4277689
28199983	1064	1073	gene loci	T028	C0678933
28199983	1093	1099	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
28199983	1100	1108	protocol	T170	C0442711
28199983	1121	1131	allogeneic	T080	C1515895
28199983	1132	1141	universal	T080	C0175671
28199983	1142	1149	T cells	T025	C0039194
28199983	1168	1171	PD1	T028	C1418401
28199983	1176	1182	CTLA-4	T028	C1332802

28202469|t|Establishment and maintenance of sexual preferences that cause a reproductive isolation between medaka strains in close association
28202469|a|Animals choose reproductive partners based on their sexual preferences which are established at a certain time point before, during, or after sexual maturation. The preferences are often divergent within a species, which suppresses gene flow between populations and may promote speciation. There are two strains of medaka (Oryzias latipes) that differ by a single transgene and mate assortatively depending on skin color. Here, we demonstrate that symmetrically biased (mutually exclusive) sexual preferences are (1) gradually established during growth depending on skin color and the color of surrounding fish, (2) strong enough to minimize gene flow between the strains at a population level, and (3) inflexibly retained after sexual maturation, even after weeks of daily mating with partners of the other strain. Thus, these laboratory strains of medaka are under premating isolation with the simplest genomic structure. They provide an empirical platform for assessing the complex and hypothetical mechanisms of speciation by mate choice.
28202469	0	13	Establishment	T080	C0443211
28202469	18	29	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28202469	33	51	sexual preferences	T032	C0205949
28202469	65	87	reproductive isolation	T070	C3178896
28202469	96	110	medaka strains	T013	C0029371
28202469	120	131	association	T080	C0439849
28202469	132	139	Animals	T008	C0003062
28202469	140	168	choose reproductive partners	T053	C0870143
28202469	184	202	sexual preferences	T032	C0205949
28202469	213	224	established	T080	C0443211
28202469	238	248	time point	T079	C2348792
28202469	274	291	sexual maturation	T040	C0036887
28202469	297	308	preferences	T032	C0205949
28202469	319	328	divergent	T080	C1705242
28202469	338	345	species	T185	C1705920
28202469	353	363	suppresses	T169	C1260953
28202469	364	373	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28202469	382	393	populations	T008	C1318101
28202469	410	420	speciation	T070	C1563692
28202469	436	443	strains	T001	C1518614
28202469	447	453	medaka	T013	C0029371
28202469	455	470	Oryzias latipes	T013	C0598834
28202469	496	505	transgene	T028	C0282641
28202469	510	528	mate assortatively	T054	C0870165
28202469	542	552	skin color	T032	C0599910
28202469	580	593	symmetrically	T033	C0332516
28202469	594	600	biased	T078	C0242568
28202469	602	610	mutually	T080	C1709100
28202469	611	620	exclusive	T078	C1548966
28202469	622	640	sexual preferences	T032	C0205949
28202469	659	670	established	T080	C0443211
28202469	698	708	skin color	T032	C0599910
28202469	717	722	color	T080	C0009393
28202469	726	737	surrounding	T082	C1282914
28202469	738	742	fish	T013	C0016163
28202469	774	783	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28202469	796	803	strains	T001	C1518614
28202469	809	819	population	T008	C1318101
28202469	820	825	level	T080	C0441889
28202469	835	854	inflexibly retained	T169	C0333118
28202469	861	878	sexual maturation	T040	C0036887
28202469	891	896	weeks	T079	C0439230
28202469	900	905	daily	T079	C0332173
28202469	906	912	mating	T040	C1260875
28202469	918	926	partners	T098	C3887537
28202469	940	946	strain	T001	C1518614
28202469	971	988	strains of medaka	T013	C0029371
28202469	999	1008	premating	T079	C4086625
28202469	1009	1018	isolation	T169	C0205409
28202469	1037	1054	genomic structure	T028	C1517495
28202469	1072	1081	empirical	T080	C1880496
28202469	1095	1104	assessing	T052	C1516048
28202469	1121	1133	hypothetical	T078	C1512571
28202469	1134	1144	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28202469	1148	1158	speciation	T070	C1563692
28202469	1162	1173	mate choice	T053	C0870143

28202494|t|Fumarate hydratase is a critical metabolic regulator of hematopoietic stem cell functions
28202494|a|Strict regulation of stem cell metabolism is essential for tissue functions and tumor suppression. In this study, we investigated the role of fumarate hydratase (Fh1), a key component of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and cytosolic fumarate metabolism, in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis - specific Fh1 deletion (resulting in endogenous fumarate accumulation and a genetic TCA cycle block reflected by decreased maximal mitochondrial respiration) caused lethal fetal liver hematopoietic defects and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) failure. Reexpression of extramitochondrial Fh1 (which normalized fumarate levels but not maximal mitochondrial respiration) rescued these phenotypes, indicating the causal role of cellular fumarate accumulation. However, HSCs lacking mitochondrial Fh1 (which had normal fumarate levels but defective maximal mitochondrial respiration) failed to self-renew and displayed lymphoid differentiation defects. In contrast, leukemia -initiating cells lacking mitochondrial Fh1 efficiently propagated Meis1 / Hoxa9 -driven leukemia. Thus, we identify novel roles for fumarate metabolism in HSC maintenance and hematopoietic differentiation and reveal a differential requirement for mitochondrial Fh1 in normal hematopoiesis and leukemia propagation.
28202494	0	18	Fumarate hydratase	T116,T126	C0016799
28202494	33	52	metabolic regulator	T169	C0205245
28202494	56	79	hematopoietic stem cell	T025	C0018956
28202494	80	89	functions	T043	C0007613
28202494	97	131	regulation of stem cell metabolism	T040	C1159402
28202494	149	165	tissue functions	T042	C1254358
28202494	170	187	tumor suppression	T044	C1519692
28202494	224	228	role	T077	C1705810
28202494	232	250	fumarate hydratase	T116,T126	C0016799
28202494	252	255	Fh1	T116,T126	C0016799
28202494	264	273	component	T116,T123	C1179435
28202494	281	294	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28202494	295	325	tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle	T044	C1148560
28202494	330	339	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
28202494	340	359	fumarate metabolism	T044	C1157809
28202494	364	370	normal	T042	C0018951
28202494	375	397	leukemic hematopoiesis	T042	C0018951
28202494	399	412	Hematopoiesis	T042	C0018951
28202494	415	423	specific	T080	C0205369
28202494	424	427	Fh1	T028	C1366530
28202494	428	436	deletion	T045	C0017260
28202494	451	461	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28202494	462	470	fumarate	T109,T121	C0220833
28202494	490	497	genetic	T169	C0314603
28202494	498	507	TCA cycle	T044	C1148560
28202494	508	513	block	T169	C0332206
28202494	527	536	decreased	T081	C0205216
28202494	537	544	maximal	T080	C0205289
28202494	545	558	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28202494	559	570	respiration	T043	C0282636
28202494	579	597	lethal fetal liver	T018	C1517162
28202494	598	619	hematopoietic defects	T019	C0000768
28202494	624	647	hematopoietic stem cell	T025	C0018956
28202494	649	652	HSC	T025	C0018956
28202494	654	661	failure	T169	C0231174
28202494	663	675	Reexpression	T045	C0017262
28202494	679	697	extramitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28202494	698	701	Fh1	T028	C1366530
28202494	720	728	fumarate	T109,T121	C0220833
28202494	729	735	levels	T080	C0441889
28202494	744	751	maximal	T080	C0205289
28202494	752	765	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28202494	766	777	respiration	T043	C0282636
28202494	793	803	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28202494	827	831	role	T077	C1705810
28202494	835	865	cellular fumarate accumulation	T043	C0007613
28202494	876	880	HSCs	T025	C0018956
28202494	881	888	lacking	T080	C0332268
28202494	889	902	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28202494	903	906	Fh1	T028	C1366530
28202494	918	924	normal	T080	C0205307
28202494	925	933	fumarate	T109,T121	C0220833
28202494	934	940	levels	T080	C0441889
28202494	945	954	defective	T169	C0332452
28202494	955	962	maximal	T080	C0205289
28202494	963	976	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28202494	977	988	respiration	T043	C0282636
28202494	990	996	failed	T169	C0231175
28202494	1000	1010	self-renew	T169	C0205245
28202494	1025	1033	lymphoid	T025	C0086574
28202494	1034	1049	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28202494	1050	1057	defects	T019	C0000768
28202494	1072	1080	leukemia	T191	C0023418
28202494	1093	1098	cells	T025	C0007634
28202494	1099	1106	lacking	T080	C0332268
28202494	1107	1120	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28202494	1121	1124	Fh1	T028	C1366530
28202494	1148	1153	Meis1	T028	C1334501
28202494	1156	1161	Hoxa9	T028	C1333922
28202494	1170	1178	leukemia	T191	C0023418
28202494	1204	1209	roles	T077	C1705810
28202494	1214	1222	fumarate	T109,T121	C0220833
28202494	1223	1233	metabolism	T043	C1524026
28202494	1237	1240	HSC	T025	C0018956
28202494	1241	1252	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28202494	1257	1286	hematopoietic differentiation	T043	C2262995
28202494	1313	1324	requirement	T169	C1514873
28202494	1329	1342	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28202494	1343	1346	Fh1	T028	C1366530
28202494	1350	1356	normal	T080	C0205307
28202494	1357	1370	hematopoiesis	T042	C0018951
28202494	1375	1383	leukemia	T191	C0023418
28202494	1384	1395	propagation	T169	C0205245

28202626|t|Cancer cells exhibit clonal diversity in phenotypic plasticity
28202626|a|Phenotypic heterogeneity in cancers is associated with invasive progression and drug resistance. This heterogeneity arises in part from the ability of cancer cells to switch between phenotypic states, but the dynamics of this cellular plasticity remain poorly understood. Here we apply DNA barcodes to quantify and track phenotypic plasticity across hundreds of clones in a population of cancer cells exhibiting epithelial or mesenchymal differentiation phenotypes. We find that the epithelial -to- mesenchymal cell ratio is highly variable across the different clones in cancer cell populations, but remains stable for many generations within the progeny of any single clone -with a heritability of 0.89. To estimate the effects of combination therapies on phenotypically heterogeneous tumours, we generated quantitative simulations incorporating empirical data from our barcoding experiments. These analyses indicated that combination therapies which alternate between epithelial - and mesenchymal - specific treatments eventually select for clones with increased phenotypic plasticity. However, this selection could be minimized by increasing the frequency of alternation between treatments, identifying designs that may minimize selection for increased phenotypic plasticity. These findings establish new insights into phenotypic plasticity in cancer, and suggest design principles for optimizing the effectiveness of combination therapies for phenotypically heterogeneous tumours.
28202626	0	12	Cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28202626	28	37	diversity	T080	C1880371
28202626	41	51	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28202626	52	62	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28202626	63	87	Phenotypic heterogeneity	T033	C1852220
28202626	91	98	cancers	T191	C0006826
28202626	118	126	invasive	T080	C0205281
28202626	127	138	progression	T191	C0178874
28202626	143	158	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
28202626	165	178	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28202626	214	226	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28202626	245	255	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28202626	272	280	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28202626	289	308	cellular plasticity	T043	C4042875
28202626	349	361	DNA barcodes	T087	C2936548
28202626	384	394	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28202626	395	405	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28202626	425	431	clones	T025	C0009013
28202626	437	447	population	T098	C1257890
28202626	451	463	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28202626	475	485	epithelial	T080	C0221908
28202626	489	500	mesenchymal	T080	C1513143
28202626	517	527	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28202626	546	556	epithelial	T080	C0221908
28202626	562	573	mesenchymal	T080	C1513143
28202626	574	584	cell ratio	T081	C0456603
28202626	625	631	clones	T025	C0009013
28202626	635	646	cancer cell	T025	C0334227
28202626	647	658	populations	T098	C1257890
28202626	688	699	generations	T079	C0079411
28202626	711	718	progeny	T099	C0680063
28202626	733	738	clone	T025	C0009013
28202626	747	759	heritability	T081	C0392762
28202626	785	795	effects of	T080	C1704420
28202626	796	817	combination therapies	T061	C0920357
28202626	821	857	phenotypically heterogeneous tumours	T191	C0027651
28202626	872	896	quantitative simulations	T062	C0679083
28202626	921	925	data	T078	C1511726
28202626	935	956	barcoding experiments	T062	C0681814
28202626	988	1009	combination therapies	T061	C0920357
28202626	1034	1044	epithelial	T080	C0221908
28202626	1051	1062	mesenchymal	T080	C1513143
28202626	1065	1084	specific treatments	T061	C0087111
28202626	1096	1102	select	T052	C1707391
28202626	1107	1113	clones	T025	C0009013
28202626	1129	1139	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28202626	1140	1150	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28202626	1166	1175	selection	T052	C1707391
28202626	1246	1256	treatments	T061	C0087111
28202626	1270	1277	designs	T052	C1707689
28202626	1296	1305	selection	T052	C1707391
28202626	1320	1330	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28202626	1331	1341	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28202626	1386	1396	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28202626	1397	1407	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28202626	1411	1417	cancer	T191	C0006826
28202626	1431	1437	design	T052	C1707689
28202626	1485	1506	combination therapies	T061	C0920357
28202626	1511	1547	phenotypically heterogeneous tumours	T191	C0027651

28202755|t|Low-Pathogenic Influenza A Viruses in North American Diving Ducks Contribute to the Emergence of a Novel Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H7N8) Virus
28202755|a|Introductions of low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses of subtypes H5 and H7 into poultry from wild birds have the potential to mutate to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, but such viruses ' origins are often unclear. In January 2016, a novel H7N8 HPAI virus caused an outbreak in turkeys in Indiana, USA. To determine the virus's origin, we sequenced the genomes of 441 wild-bird origin influenza A viruses (IAVs) from North America and subjected them to evolutionary analyses. The results showed that the H7N8 LPAI virus most likely circulated among diving ducks in the Mississippi flyway during autumn 2015 and was subsequently introduced to Indiana turkeys, in which it evolved high pathogenicity. Preceding the outbreak, an isolate with six gene segments (PB2, PB1, PA, HA, NA, and NS) sharing >99% sequence identity with those of H7N8 turkey isolates was recovered from a diving duck sampled in Kentucky, USA. H4N8 IAVs from other diving ducks possessed five H7N8-like gene segments (PB2, PB1, NA, MP, and NS; >98% sequence identity). Our findings suggest that viral gene constellations circulating among diving ducks can contribute to the emergence of IAVs that affect poultry. Therefore, diving ducks may serve an important and understudied role in the maintenance, diversification, and transmission of IAVs in the wild-bird reservoir .IMPORTANCE In January 2016, a novel H7N8 HPAI virus caused a disease outbreak in turkeys in Indiana, USA. To determine the origin of this virus, we sequenced and analyzed 441 wild-bird origin influenza virus strains isolated from wild birds inhabiting North America. We found that the H7N8 LPAI virus most likely circulated among diving ducks in the Mississippi flyway during autumn 2015 and was subsequently introduced to Indiana turkeys, in which it evolved high pathogenicity. Our results suggest that viral gene constellations circulating among diving ducks can contribute to the emergence of IAVs that affect poultry. Therefore, diving ducks may play an important and understudied role in the maintenance, diversification, and transmission of IAVs in the wild-bird reservoir. Our study also highlights the importance of a coordinated, systematic, and collaborative surveillance for IAVs in both poultry and wild-bird populations.
28202755	0	34	Low-Pathogenic Influenza A Viruses	T005	C1300302
28202755	38	52	North American	T033	C0425358
28202755	53	65	Diving Ducks	T012	C1265553
28202755	66	76	Contribute	T052	C1880177
28202755	105	146	Highly Pathogenic Influenza A(H7N8) Virus	T005	C1300303
28202755	164	209	low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses	T005	C1300302
28202755	196	200	LPAI	T005	C1300302
28202755	213	221	subtypes	T034	C1717960
28202755	222	224	H5	T005	C2959999
28202755	229	231	H7	T005	C2959999
28202755	237	244	poultry	T012	C0032850
28202755	250	260	wild birds	T012	C0005595
28202755	283	289	mutate	T045	C1513776
28202755	293	341	highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses	T005	C1300303
28202755	352	359	viruses	T005	C0029347
28202755	362	369	origins	T079	C0439659
28202755	380	387	unclear	T033	C3845108
28202755	392	399	January	T080	C3829466
28202755	414	429	H7N8 HPAI virus	T005	C1300303
28202755	440	448	outbreak	T067	C0012652
28202755	452	459	turkeys	T012	C0041401
28202755	463	470	Indiana	T083	C0021206
28202755	472	475	USA	T083	C0041703
28202755	494	501	virus's	T005	C0029347
28202755	502	508	origin	T079	C0439659
28202755	513	534	sequenced the genomes	T059	C3854164
28202755	542	551	wild-bird	T012	C0005595
28202755	552	558	origin	T079	C0439659
28202755	559	578	influenza A viruses	T005	C0029347
28202755	580	584	IAVs	T005	C0029347
28202755	591	604	North America	T083	C0028405
28202755	678	693	H7N8 LPAI virus	T005	C1300302
28202755	706	716	circulated	T169	C0175630
28202755	723	735	diving ducks	T012	C1265553
28202755	743	754	Mississippi	T083	C0026221
28202755	755	761	flyway	T053	C0004927
28202755	769	775	autumn	T079	C0238715
28202755	816	823	Indiana	T083	C0021206
28202755	824	831	turkeys	T012	C0041401
28202755	858	871	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
28202755	887	895	outbreak	T067	C0012652
28202755	900	907	isolate	T123	C3494870
28202755	917	930	gene segments	T028	C0017337
28202755	932	935	PB2	T028	C0017337
28202755	937	940	PB1	T028	C0017337
28202755	942	944	PA	T028	C0017337
28202755	946	948	HA	T028	C0017337
28202755	950	952	NA	T028	C0017337
28202755	958	960	NS	T028	C0017337
28202755	975	983	sequence	T086	C0162326
28202755	1007	1011	H7N8	T005	C0029347
28202755	1012	1018	turkey	T012	C0041401
28202755	1019	1027	isolates	T123	C3494870
28202755	1049	1060	diving duck	T012	C1265553
28202755	1061	1068	sampled	T078	C0870078
28202755	1072	1080	Kentucky	T083	C0022557
28202755	1082	1085	USA	T083	C0041703
28202755	1087	1096	H4N8 IAVs	T005	C0029347
28202755	1108	1120	diving ducks	T012	C1265553
28202755	1136	1159	H7N8-like gene segments	T028	C0017337
28202755	1161	1164	PB2	T028	C0017337
28202755	1166	1169	PB1	T028	C0017337
28202755	1171	1173	NA	T028	C0017337
28202755	1175	1177	MP	T028	C0017337
28202755	1183	1185	NS	T028	C0017337
28202755	1192	1200	sequence	T086	C0162326
28202755	1216	1224	findings	T169	C2607943
28202755	1238	1248	viral gene	T028	C0017376
28202755	1264	1275	circulating	T169	C0175630
28202755	1282	1294	diving ducks	T012	C1265553
28202755	1299	1309	contribute	T052	C1880177
28202755	1330	1334	IAVs	T005	C0029347
28202755	1347	1354	poultry	T012	C0032850
28202755	1367	1379	diving ducks	T012	C1265553
28202755	1432	1443	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28202755	1445	1460	diversification	T057	C0680948
28202755	1466	1478	transmission	T046	C0242781
28202755	1482	1486	IAVs	T005	C0029347
28202755	1494	1503	wild-bird	T012	C0005595
28202755	1504	1513	reservoir	T083	C0442537
28202755	1529	1536	January	T080	C3829466
28202755	1551	1566	H7N8 HPAI virus	T005	C1300303
28202755	1576	1592	disease outbreak	T067	C0012652
28202755	1596	1603	turkeys	T012	C0041401
28202755	1607	1614	Indiana	T083	C0021206
28202755	1616	1619	USA	T083	C0041703
28202755	1638	1644	origin	T079	C0439659
28202755	1653	1658	virus	T005	C0029347
28202755	1663	1672	sequenced	T062	C0242481
28202755	1677	1685	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28202755	1690	1699	wild-bird	T012	C0005595
28202755	1700	1706	origin	T079	C0439659
28202755	1707	1722	influenza virus	T005	C0029347
28202755	1723	1730	strains	T001	C1518614
28202755	1731	1739	isolated	T169	C0205409
28202755	1745	1755	wild birds	T012	C0005595
28202755	1767	1780	North America	T083	C0028405
28202755	1800	1815	H7N8 LPAI virus	T005	C1300302
28202755	1828	1838	circulated	T169	C0175630
28202755	1845	1857	diving ducks	T012	C1265553
28202755	1865	1876	Mississippi	T083	C0026221
28202755	1877	1883	flyway	T053	C0004927
28202755	1891	1897	autumn	T079	C0238715
28202755	1938	1945	Indiana	T083	C0021206
28202755	1946	1953	turkeys	T012	C0041401
28202755	1980	1993	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
28202755	2020	2030	viral gene	T028	C0017376
28202755	2046	2057	circulating	T169	C0175630
28202755	2064	2076	diving ducks	T012	C1265553
28202755	2081	2091	contribute	T052	C1880177
28202755	2112	2116	IAVs	T005	C0029347
28202755	2129	2136	poultry	T012	C0032850
28202755	2149	2161	diving ducks	T012	C1265553
28202755	2213	2224	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28202755	2226	2241	diversification	T057	C0680948
28202755	2247	2259	transmission	T046	C0242781
28202755	2263	2267	IAVs	T005	C0029347
28202755	2275	2284	wild-bird	T012	C0005595
28202755	2285	2294	reservoir	T083	C0442537
28202755	2300	2305	study	T062	C2603343
28202755	2342	2353	coordinated	T169	C0700114
28202755	2355	2365	systematic	T169	C0220922
28202755	2371	2384	collaborative	T054	C0282116
28202755	2385	2397	surveillance	T169	C0220920
28202755	2402	2406	IAVs	T005	C0029347
28202755	2415	2422	poultry	T012	C0032850
28202755	2427	2436	wild-bird	T012	C0005595
28202755	2437	2448	populations	T098	C1257890

28203067|t|Silent strain of caregiving: exploring the best predictors of distress in family carers of geriatric patients
28203067|a|The aim of this article was to identify the best predictors of distress suffered by family carers (FCs) of geriatric patients. A cross-sectional study of 100 FC - geriatric patient dyads was conducted. The negative impact of care (NIoC) subscale of the COPE index was dichotomized to identify lower stress (score of ≤15 on the scale) and higher stress (score of ≥16 on the scale) exerted on FCs by the process of providing care. The set of explanatory variables comprised a wide range of sociodemographic and care-related attributes, including patient-related results from comprehensive geriatric assessments and disease profiles. The best combination of explanatory variables that provided the highest predictive powe r for distress among FCs in the multiple logistic regression (LR) model was determined according to statistical information criteria. The statistical robustness of the observed relationships and the discriminative power of the model were verified with the cross-validation method. The mean age of FCs was 57.2 (±10.6) years, whereas that of geriatric patients was 81.7 (±6.4) years. Despite the broad initial set of potential explanatory variables, only five predictors were jointly selected for the best statistical model. A higher level of distress was independently predicted by lower self-evaluation of health; worse self-appraisal of coping well as a caregiver; lower sense of general support; more hours of care per week; and the motor retardation of the cared -for person measured with the speed of the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Worse performance on the TUG test was only the patient -related predictor of distress among the variables examined as contributors to the higher NIoC. Enhancing the mobility of geriatric patients through suitably tailored kinesitherapeutic methods during their hospital stay may mitigate the burden endured by FCs.
28203067	0	27	Silent strain of caregiving	T054	C1328742
28203067	43	58	best predictors	T033	C0035648
28203067	62	70	distress	T033	C0231303
28203067	74	87	family carers	T099	C0086279
28203067	91	109	geriatric patients	T101	C0870602
28203067	154	169	best predictors	T033	C0035648
28203067	173	190	distress suffered	T033	C0231303
28203067	194	207	family carers	T099	C0086279
28203067	209	212	FCs	T099	C0086279
28203067	217	235	geriatric patients	T101	C0870602
28203067	239	260	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28203067	268	270	FC	T099	C0086279
28203067	273	290	geriatric patient	T101	C0870602
28203067	291	296	dyads	T098	C0870454
28203067	316	339	negative impact of care	T033	C0243095
28203067	341	345	NIoC	T033	C0243095
28203067	347	355	subscale	T081	C0459443
28203067	363	373	COPE index	T081	C0392762
28203067	403	415	lower stress	T033	C4075362
28203067	448	461	higher stress	T033	C4075362
28203067	501	504	FCs	T099	C0086279
28203067	512	537	process of providing care	T058	C2735110
28203067	550	561	explanatory	T170	C0681841
28203067	562	571	variables	T033	C2673413
28203067	598	614	sociodemographic	T078	C0011292
28203067	619	642	care-related attributes	T058	C0086388
28203067	654	677	patient-related results	T033	C0243095
28203067	697	718	geriatric assessments	T058	C0017463
28203067	723	730	disease	T047	C0012634
28203067	731	739	profiles	T058	C0747306
28203067	765	776	explanatory	T170	C0681841
28203067	777	786	variables	T033	C2673413
28203067	805	828	highest predictive powe	T080	C0681890
28203067	835	843	distress	T033	C0231303
28203067	850	853	FCs	T099	C0086279
28203067	861	900	multiple logistic regression (LR) model	UnknownType	C0681925
28203067	891	893	LR	UnknownType	C0681925
28203067	929	961	statistical information criteria	T081	C0237881
28203067	967	989	statistical robustness	T081	C0237881
28203067	1028	1048	discriminative power	T169	C2945687
28203067	1056	1061	model	T075	C0026336
28203067	1085	1108	cross-validation method	T062	C0681935
28203067	1119	1122	age	T032	C0001779
28203067	1126	1129	FCs	T099	C0086279
28203067	1170	1188	geriatric patients	T101	C0870602
28203067	1255	1266	explanatory	T170	C0681841
28203067	1267	1276	variables	T033	C2673413
28203067	1288	1298	predictors	T033	C0035648
28203067	1334	1351	statistical model	T081,T170	C0026348
28203067	1371	1379	distress	T033	C0231303
28203067	1411	1442	lower self-evaluation of health	T058	C0175637
28203067	1450	1464	self-appraisal	T041	C2936632
28203067	1468	1474	coping	T055	C0009967
28203067	1485	1494	caregiver	T099	C0086279
28203067	1496	1501	lower	T080	C0205251
28203067	1511	1526	general support	T058	C1276367
28203067	1542	1546	care	T052	C1947933
28203067	1565	1582	motor retardation	T033	C0424230
28203067	1590	1595	cared	T052	C1947933
28203067	1639	1665	Timed Up and Go (TUG) test	T060	C3161512
28203067	1692	1700	TUG test	T060	C3161512
28203067	1714	1721	patient	T101	C0030705
28203067	1731	1740	predictor	T033	C0035648
28203067	1744	1752	distress	T033	C0231303
28203067	1763	1772	variables	T033	C2673413
28203067	1812	1816	NIoC	T033	C0243095
28203067	1832	1862	mobility of geriatric patients	T061	C2094221
28203067	1889	1914	kinesitherapeutic methods	T061	C0087111
28203067	1928	1941	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28203067	1977	1980	FCs	T099	C0086279

28203094|t|Mapping circulating serum miRNAs to their immune - related target mRNAs
28203094|a|Evidence suggests that circulating serum microRNAs (miRNAs) might preferentially target immune - related mRNAs. If this were the case, we hypothesized that immune - related mRNAs would have more predicted serum miRNA binding sites than other mRNAs and, reciprocally, that serum miRNAs would have more immune - related mRNA targets than non - serum miRNAs. We developed a consensus target predictor using the random forest framework and calculated the number of predicted miRNA - mRNA interactions in various subsets of miRNAs (serum, non - serum) and mRNAs (immune related, nonimmune related). Immune - related mRNAs were predicted to be targeted by serum miRNA more than other mRNAs. Moreover, serum miRNAs were predicted to target many more immune - related mRNA targets than non - serum miRNAs; however, these two biases in immune - related mRNAs and serum miRNAs appear to be completely independent. Immune - related mRNAs have more miRNA binding sites in general, not just for serum miRNAs; likewise, serum miRNAs target many more mRNAs than non - serum miRNAs overall, regardless of whether they are immune related or not. Nevertheless, these two independent phenomena result in a significantly larger number of predicted serum miRNA - immune mRNA interactions than would be expected by chance.
28203094	0	7	Mapping	T052	C1283195
28203094	8	19	circulating	T169	C0175630
28203094	20	25	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	26	32	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	42	48	immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	51	58	related	T080	C0332281
28203094	59	65	target	T169	C1521840
28203094	66	71	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	72	80	Evidence	T078	C3887511
28203094	81	89	suggests	T078	C1705535
28203094	95	106	circulating	T169	C0175630
28203094	107	112	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	113	122	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	124	130	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	153	159	target	T169	C1521840
28203094	160	166	immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	169	176	related	T080	C0332281
28203094	177	182	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	228	234	immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	237	244	related	T080	C0332281
28203094	245	250	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	267	276	predicted	T078	C0681842
28203094	277	282	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	283	296	miRNA binding	T045	C1523647
28203094	297	302	sites	T082	C0205145
28203094	314	319	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	325	337	reciprocally	T080	C1882911
28203094	344	349	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	350	356	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	373	379	immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	382	389	related	T080	C0332281
28203094	390	394	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	395	402	targets	T169	C1521840
28203094	408	411	non	T169	C1518422
28203094	414	419	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	420	426	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	431	440	developed	T169	C1527148
28203094	453	459	target	T169	C1521840
28203094	480	503	random forest framework	T169	C0205245
28203094	508	518	calculated	T169	C0444686
28203094	533	542	predicted	T078	C0681842
28203094	543	548	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	551	555	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	556	568	interactions	T045	C2753463
28203094	580	587	subsets	T185	C1515021
28203094	591	597	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	599	604	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	606	609	non	T169	C1518422
28203094	612	617	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	623	628	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	630	636	immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	637	644	related	T080	C0332281
28203094	646	663	nonimmune related	T080	C0332281
28203094	666	672	Immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	675	682	related	T080	C0332281
28203094	683	688	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	694	703	predicted	T078	C0681842
28203094	710	718	targeted	T169	C1521840
28203094	722	727	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	728	733	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	750	755	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	767	772	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	773	779	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	785	794	predicted	T078	C0681842
28203094	798	804	target	T169	C1521840
28203094	815	821	immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	824	831	related	T080	C0332281
28203094	832	836	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	837	844	targets	T169	C1521840
28203094	850	853	non	T169	C1518422
28203094	856	861	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	862	868	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	889	895	biases	T078	C0242568
28203094	899	905	immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	908	915	related	T080	C0332281
28203094	916	921	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	926	931	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	932	938	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	952	962	completely	T080	C0205197
28203094	963	974	independent	T078	C0085862
28203094	976	982	Immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	985	992	related	T080	C0332281
28203094	993	998	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	1009	1022	miRNA binding	T045	C1523647
28203094	1023	1028	sites	T082	C0205145
28203094	1054	1059	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	1060	1066	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	1078	1083	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	1084	1090	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	1091	1097	target	T169	C1521840
28203094	1108	1113	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	1119	1122	non	T169	C1518422
28203094	1125	1130	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	1131	1137	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	1147	1157	regardless	T080	C3641650
28203094	1178	1184	immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	1185	1192	related	T080	C0332281
28203094	1225	1236	independent	T078	C0085862
28203094	1237	1246	phenomena	T067	C1882365
28203094	1247	1253	result	T169	C1274040
28203094	1290	1299	predicted	T078	C0681842
28203094	1300	1305	serum	T031	C0229671
28203094	1306	1311	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28203094	1314	1320	immune	T169	C0439662
28203094	1321	1325	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28203094	1326	1338	interactions	T045	C2753463

28203464|t|Unilateral Laryngeal Pacing System and Its Functional Evaluation
28203464|a|Goal. To establish a reliable instrumental system for synchronized reactivation of a unilaterally paralyzed vocal fold and evaluate its functional feasibility. Methods. Unilateral vocal fold paralysis model was induced by destruction of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in anesthetized dogs. With a micro controller-based electronic system, electromyography (EMG) signals from cricothyroid (CT) muscle on the ipsilateral side were recorded and used to trigger pacing of paralyzed vocalis muscles. The dynamic movement of vocal folds was continuously monitored using an endoscope, and the opening and closing of the glottis were quantified with customized imaging processing software. Results. The recorded video images showed that left side vocal fold was obviously paralyzed after destructing the RLN. Using the pacing system with feedback triggering EMG signals from the ipsilateral CT muscle, the paralyzed vocal fold was successfully reactivated, and its movement was shown to be synchronized with the healthy side. Significance. The developed unilateral laryngeal pacing system triggered by EMG from the ipsilateral side CT muscle could be successfully used in unilateral vocal fold paralysis with the advantage of avoiding disturbance to the healthy side muscles.
28203464	0	10	Unilateral	T082	C0205092
28203464	11	20	Laryngeal	T023	C0023078
28203464	21	34	Pacing System	T074	C0025080
28203464	43	53	Functional	T169	C0205245
28203464	54	64	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28203464	65	69	Goal	T170	C0018017
28203464	95	114	instrumental system	T074	C0025080
28203464	119	131	synchronized	T079	C0439580
28203464	132	144	reactivation	T052	C4086768
28203464	150	162	unilaterally	T082	C0205092
28203464	163	172	paralyzed	T033	C0522224
28203464	173	183	vocal fold	T023	C0042930
28203464	188	223	evaluate its functional feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28203464	234	265	Unilateral vocal fold paralysis	T047	C0042928
28203464	266	271	model	T050	C0684309
28203464	287	298	destruction	T052	C1948029
28203464	306	336	left recurrent laryngeal nerve	T023	C0459313
28203464	338	341	RLN	T023	C0459313
28203464	346	358	anesthetized	T033	C1720436
28203464	359	363	dogs	T015	C0012984
28203464	372	412	micro controller-based electronic system	T073	C3273359
28203464	414	430	electromyography	T060	C0013839
28203464	432	435	EMG	T060	C0013839
28203464	437	444	signals	T067	C1710082
28203464	450	474	cricothyroid (CT) muscle	T023	C0224178
28203464	482	498	ipsilateral side	T082	C0441989
28203464	525	532	trigger	T080	C1444748
28203464	533	539	pacing	T061	C1285520
28203464	543	552	paralyzed	T033	C0522224
28203464	553	568	vocalis muscles	T023	C0224181
28203464	574	590	dynamic movement	T040	C0026649
28203464	594	605	vocal folds	T023	C0042930
28203464	623	632	monitored	T058	C1283169
28203464	642	651	endoscope	T074	C0014243
28203464	661	668	opening	T082	C0175566
28203464	673	680	closing	T169	C0587267
28203464	688	695	glottis	T029	C0017681
28203464	701	711	quantified	T081	C1709793
28203464	717	755	customized imaging processing software	T073,T170	C0037585
28203464	770	791	recorded video images	T073	C0042650
28203464	814	824	vocal fold	T023	C0042930
28203464	839	848	paralyzed	T033	C0522224
28203464	855	866	destructing	T052	C1948029
28203464	871	874	RLN	T023	C0459313
28203464	886	899	pacing system	T074	C0025080
28203464	914	924	triggering	T080	C1444748
28203464	925	928	EMG	T060	C0013839
28203464	929	936	signals	T067	C1710082
28203464	946	957	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
28203464	958	967	CT muscle	T023	C0224178
28203464	973	982	paralyzed	T033	C0522224
28203464	983	993	vocal fold	T023	C0042930
28203464	1011	1022	reactivated	T052	C4086768
28203464	1032	1040	movement	T040	C0026649
28203464	1057	1069	synchronized	T079	C0439580
28203464	1079	1091	healthy side	T080	C3898900
28203464	1093	1105	Significance	T062	C0814896
28203464	1121	1131	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28203464	1132	1141	laryngeal	T023	C0023078
28203464	1142	1155	pacing system	T074	C0025080
28203464	1156	1168	triggered by	T080	C1444748
28203464	1169	1172	EMG	T060	C0013839
28203464	1182	1198	ipsilateral side	T082	C0441989
28203464	1199	1208	CT muscle	T023	C0224178
28203464	1239	1270	unilateral vocal fold paralysis	T047	C0042928
28203464	1280	1289	advantage	T081	C0814225
28203464	1302	1313	disturbance	T080	C2699787
28203464	1321	1328	healthy	T080	C3898900
28203464	1329	1341	side muscles	T024	C0026845

28203549|t|Microbiological and Clinical Characteristics of Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Associated with Invasive Infections in China
28203549|a|A distinctive syndrome caused by hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae (HMKP) including pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is now becoming a globally emerging disease. In the present study, 22.8% (84/369) of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates associated with various types of invasive infections were identified as HMKP, with 45.2% associated with PLA. Multivariate regression analysis showed that male patients with 41-50 years, PLA, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were independent risk factors for HMKP infections. K2 (42.9%, 36/84) was the most common capsular serotype among HMKP isolates, followed by K1 (23.8%, 20/84). Seventy-five percentage of K1 HMKP isolates were associated with PLA, while K2 HMKP isolates accounted for more types of invasive infections. The positive rates of iutA, mrkD, aerobactin, iroN, and rmpA among HMKP isolates were significantly higher than those among non-HMKP isolates (p < 0.05). There was a correlation between magA, ybtS, alls, and wcaG and K1 isolates. Interestingly, mrkD was exclusively detected among HMKP (32.1%, 27/84) and K2 isolates (65.9%, 27/41). All K1 and K2 HMKP and non-HMKP isolates were positive for rmpA. Aerobactin was found among 95.0 and 97.5% of K1 and K2 isolates. ST23 was found to be the most prevalent ST among 69 HMKP isolates with K1, K2, K5, K20, and K57 (27.5%, 19/69) and was only found among K1 isolates. ST65 was the second most prevalent ST (26.1%, 18/69) and was also only found among K2 isolates. ST23-K1 HMKP isolates (84.2%, 16/19) were associated with PLA, while ST65-K2 isolates were correlated with more types of infections relative to ST23-K1 isolates. PFGE results showed that the homology of 84 HMKP isolates was diverse. Only five PFGE clusters with more than 75% similarity accounted for more than three isolates. These five PFGE clusters only accounted for 35 (41.7%, 35/84) isolates. In conclusion, our study first found that hypertension and male patients with 41-50 years old were independent risk factors. The composition of ST types and PFGE clusters among K. pneumoniae K2 isolates was more diverse than K1 isolates. K1 and K2 HMKP isolates had respective specific profiles of virulence - associated genes.
28203549	0	15	Microbiological	T170	C0025953
28203549	20	44	Clinical Characteristics	T201	C0683325
28203549	48	86	Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28203549	87	95	Isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	96	111	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28203549	112	131	Invasive Infections	T047	C4285937
28203549	135	140	China	T083	C0008115
28203549	143	163	distinctive syndrome	T047	C0039082
28203549	164	173	caused by	T169	C0015127
28203549	174	212	hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28203549	214	218	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	230	252	pyogenic liver abscess	T047	C0267830
28203549	254	257	PLA	T047	C0267830
28203549	277	302	globally emerging disease	T047	C0872315
28203549	319	324	study	T062	C2603343
28203549	344	357	K. pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28203549	367	375	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	376	391	associated with	T080	C0332281
28203549	392	405	various types	T080	C0332307
28203549	409	428	invasive infections	T047	C4285937
28203549	448	452	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	465	480	associated with	T080	C0332281
28203549	481	484	PLA	T047	C0267830
28203549	486	518	Multivariate regression analysis	T081	C0026777
28203549	531	544	male patients	T032	C0150904
28203549	556	561	years	T079	C0439234
28203549	563	566	PLA	T047	C0267830
28203549	568	585	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28203549	591	603	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28203549	609	620	independent	T078	C0085862
28203549	621	633	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28203549	638	653	HMKP infections	T047	C0948802
28203549	655	657	K2	T170	C0449547
28203549	693	701	capsular	T082	C0205151
28203549	702	710	serotype	T170	C0449943
28203549	717	721	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	722	730	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	744	746	K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	763	786	Seventy-five percentage	T081	C0439165
28203549	790	792	K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	793	797	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	798	806	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	812	827	associated with	T080	C0332281
28203549	828	831	PLA	T047	C0267830
28203549	839	841	K2	T170	C0449547
28203549	842	846	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	847	855	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	856	865	accounted	T078	C0750591
28203549	870	880	more types	T080	C0332307
28203549	884	903	invasive infections	T047	C4285937
28203549	909	917	positive	T033	C1446409
28203549	918	923	rates	T081	C1521828
28203549	927	931	iutA	T028	C0017337
28203549	933	937	mrkD	T028	C0017337
28203549	939	949	aerobactin	T028	C0017337
28203549	951	955	iroN	T028	C0017337
28203549	961	965	rmpA	T028	C0017337
28203549	972	976	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	977	985	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	991	1011	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28203549	1029	1037	non-HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	1038	1046	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1071	1082	correlation	T080	C1707520
28203549	1091	1095	magA	T028	C0017337
28203549	1097	1101	ybtS	T028	C0017337
28203549	1103	1107	alls	T028	C0017337
28203549	1113	1117	wcaG	T028	C0017337
28203549	1122	1124	K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	1125	1133	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1150	1154	mrkD	T028	C0017337
28203549	1159	1179	exclusively detected	T033	C0442726
28203549	1186	1190	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	1210	1212	K2	T170	C0449547
28203549	1213	1221	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1242	1244	K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	1249	1251	K2	T170	C0449547
28203549	1252	1256	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	1261	1269	non-HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	1270	1278	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1284	1292	positive	T033	C1446409
28203549	1297	1301	rmpA	T028	C0017337
28203549	1303	1313	Aerobactin	T028	C0017337
28203549	1318	1323	found	T033	C0150312
28203549	1348	1350	K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	1355	1357	K2	T170	C0449547
28203549	1358	1366	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1368	1372	ST23	T170	C0449943
28203549	1377	1382	found	T033	C0150312
28203549	1393	1407	most prevalent	T079	C0332183
28203549	1408	1410	ST	T170	C0449943
28203549	1420	1424	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	1425	1433	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1439	1441	K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	1443	1445	K2	T170	C0449547
28203549	1447	1449	K5	T170	C0449547
28203549	1451	1454	K20	T170	C0449547
28203549	1460	1463	K57	T170	C0449547
28203549	1492	1497	found	T033	C0150312
28203549	1504	1506	K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	1507	1515	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1517	1521	ST65	T170	C0449943
28203549	1537	1551	most prevalent	T079	C0332183
28203549	1552	1554	ST	T170	C0449943
28203549	1588	1593	found	T033	C0150312
28203549	1600	1602	K2	T170	C0449547
28203549	1603	1611	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1613	1620	ST23-K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	1621	1625	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	1626	1634	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1655	1670	associated with	T080	C0332281
28203549	1671	1674	PLA	T047	C0267830
28203549	1682	1689	ST65-K2	T170	C0449547
28203549	1690	1698	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1704	1714	correlated	T080	C1707520
28203549	1725	1744	types of infections	T185	C0457463
28203549	1757	1764	ST23-K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	1765	1773	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1775	1779	PFGE	T059	C0085117
28203549	1780	1787	results	T169	C1274040
28203549	1804	1812	homology	T080	C2697616
28203549	1819	1823	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	1824	1832	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1837	1844	diverse	T080	C1880371
28203549	1851	1855	five	T081	C0205451
28203549	1856	1860	PFGE	T059	C0085117
28203549	1861	1869	clusters	T081	C1704332
28203549	1889	1899	similarity	T080	C2348205
28203549	1900	1909	accounted	T078	C0750591
28203549	1924	1929	three	T081	C0205449
28203549	1930	1938	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	1946	1950	five	T081	C0205451
28203549	1951	1955	PFGE	T059	C0085117
28203549	1956	1964	clusters	T081	C1704332
28203549	1970	1979	accounted	T078	C0750591
28203549	2002	2010	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	2031	2036	study	T062	C2603343
28203549	2043	2048	found	T033	C0150312
28203549	2054	2066	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28203549	2071	2084	male patients	T032	C0150904
28203549	2096	2101	years	T079	C0439234
28203549	2102	2105	old	T079	C0580836
28203549	2111	2122	independent	T078	C0085862
28203549	2123	2135	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28203549	2141	2152	composition	T201	C0486616
28203549	2156	2164	ST types	T170	C0449943
28203549	2169	2173	PFGE	T059	C0085117
28203549	2174	2182	clusters	T081	C1704332
28203549	2189	2202	K. pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28203549	2203	2205	K2	T170	C0449547
28203549	2206	2214	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	2224	2231	diverse	T080	C1880371
28203549	2237	2239	K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	2240	2248	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	2250	2252	K1	T170	C0449547
28203549	2257	2259	K2	T170	C0449547
28203549	2260	2264	HMKP	T007	C0001699
28203549	2265	2273	isolates	T123	C1764827
28203549	2289	2306	specific profiles	T169	C2003903
28203549	2310	2319	virulence	T038	C0042765
28203549	2322	2332	associated	T078	C0750490
28203549	2333	2338	genes	T028	C0017337

28204870|t|Development of evidence-based practice in occupational health services in Sweden: a 3-year follow-up of attitudes, barriers and facilitators
28204870|a|The Swedish government initiated an investigation of how to secure and develop the competence of the occupational health services. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate whether the development of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the Swedish occupational health services in relation to attitudes, knowledge and use improved during the first 3 years of the government's initiative. The study has a mixed methods design combining questionnaires and interviews with data collection at baseline and at 3-year follow-up. The response rate was 66% at baseline and 63% at follow-up. The results show that practitioners' knowledge of EBP was moderate at baseline and improved at follow-up (p = 0.002; 95% CI 0.01; 0.21). Practitioners experienced lower levels of organizational and managerial support for EBP at follow-up (p < 0.001; 95% CI 0.18; 0.38). The results revealed that managers viewed responsibility for implementing EBP as a matter for individual practitioners rather than as an organizational issue. Occupational health service managers and practitioners are generally positive to EBP. However, the findings emphasize the need to educate managers in how to support EBP at the organizational level by creating an infrastructure for EBP in the OHS.
28204870	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
28204870	15	38	evidence-based practice	T169	C1510541
28204870	42	70	occupational health services	T093	C0028801
28204870	74	80	Sweden	T083	C0038995
28204870	84	90	3-year	T079	C0439234
28204870	91	100	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28204870	104	113	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28204870	115	123	barriers	T033	C4296486
28204870	128	140	facilitators	T098	C1257890
28204870	145	152	Swedish	T083	C0038995
28204870	153	163	government	T092	C0018104
28204870	164	173	initiated	T169	C1704686
28204870	177	190	investigation	T058	C0220825
28204870	201	207	secure	T077	C1519222
28204870	224	234	competence	T080	C0086035
28204870	242	270	occupational health services	T093	C0028801
28204870	276	283	primary	T080	C0205225
28204870	284	287	aim	T078	C1947946
28204870	303	308	study	T062	C2603343
28204870	316	327	investigate	T169	C1292732
28204870	340	351	development	T169	C1527148
28204870	355	378	evidence-based practice	T169	C1510541
28204870	380	383	EBP	T169	C1510541
28204870	392	399	Swedish	T083	C0038995
28204870	400	428	occupational health services	T093	C0028801
28204870	444	453	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28204870	455	464	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28204870	473	481	improved	T033	C0184511
28204870	482	488	during	T079	C0347984
28204870	499	506	3 years	T079	C0439234
28204870	514	526	government's	T092	C0018104
28204870	527	537	initiative	T033	C1287154
28204870	543	548	study	T062	C2603343
28204870	555	560	mixed	T169	C0205430
28204870	561	568	methods	T170	C0025663
28204870	569	575	design	T052	C1707689
28204870	576	585	combining	T080	C0205195
28204870	586	600	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28204870	605	615	interviews	T052	C0021822
28204870	621	636	data collection	T062	C0010995
28204870	640	648	baseline	T081	C1442488
28204870	656	662	3-year	T079	C0439234
28204870	663	672	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28204870	678	691	response rate	T079	C0237629
28204870	703	711	baseline	T081	C1442488
28204870	723	732	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28204870	738	745	results	T169	C1274040
28204870	756	770	practitioners'	T097	C1709627
28204870	771	780	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28204870	784	787	EBP	T169	C1510541
28204870	792	800	moderate	T080	C1881878
28204870	804	812	baseline	T081	C1442488
28204870	817	825	improved	T033	C0184511
28204870	829	838	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28204870	855	857	CI	T081	C0009667
28204870	871	884	Practitioners	T097	C1709627
28204870	885	896	experienced	T041	C0237607
28204870	897	902	lower	T052	C2003888
28204870	903	909	levels	T080	C0441889
28204870	913	927	organizational	T080	C0220885
28204870	932	950	managerial support	T033	C4035956
28204870	955	958	EBP	T169	C1510541
28204870	962	971	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28204870	988	990	CI	T081	C0009667
28204870	1008	1015	results	T169	C1274040
28204870	1016	1024	revealed	T080	C0443289
28204870	1030	1038	managers	T097	C0335141
28204870	1046	1060	responsibility	T055	C0678341
28204870	1065	1077	implementing	T052	C1708476
28204870	1078	1081	EBP	T169	C1510541
28204870	1098	1108	individual	T080	C0205556
28204870	1109	1122	practitioners	T097	C1709627
28204870	1141	1155	organizational	T080	C0220885
28204870	1156	1161	issue	T033	C0033213
28204870	1163	1190	Occupational health service	T093	C0028801
28204870	1191	1199	managers	T097	C0335141
28204870	1204	1217	practitioners	T097	C1709627
28204870	1232	1240	positive	T033	C0243095
28204870	1244	1247	EBP	T169	C1510541
28204870	1262	1270	findings	T033	C0243095
28204870	1285	1289	need	T080	C0027552
28204870	1293	1300	educate	T065	C0013652
28204870	1301	1309	managers	T097	C0335141
28204870	1328	1331	EBP	T169	C1510541
28204870	1339	1353	organizational	T080	C0220885
28204870	1354	1359	level	T080	C0441889
28204870	1363	1371	creating	T052	C1706214
28204870	1375	1389	infrastructure	T185	C1514880
28204870	1394	1397	EBP	T169	C1510541
28204870	1405	1408	OHS	T093	C0028801

28205317|t|Oxidative stress and immunosenescence in spleen of obese mice can be reversed by 2-hydroxyoleic acid
28205317|a|We aimed to investigate the effects of obesity on oxidative stress and leukocyte function in spleen of mice, and to assess whether supplementation with 2-hydroxyoleic acid (2-OHOA) or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could reverse those effects. Female ICR/CD1 mice (8 weeks old, n = 24) received an obesogenic diet (22% fat for 4 weeks and 60% fat for 14 weeks). After 6 weeks, mice were split in three groups (n = 8/ group): no supplementation, 2-OHOA supplementation (1500 mg kg(-1)) and n-3 PUFA supplementation (EPA + DHA, 3000 mg kg(-1) diet). Eight mice were fed standard diet for the whole duration of the study (control group). At the end of the experiment, the following variables were assessed in spleens: levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, GSH / GSSG, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, lipid peroxidation, lymphocyte chemotaxis, natural killer (NK) activity and mitogen (ConA and LPS)-induced lymphocyte proliferation. Obese animals presented higher GSSG levels (P = 0.003), GSSG / GSH ratio (P = 0.013), lipid peroxidation (P = 0.004), XO activity (P = 0.015) and lymphocyte chemotaxis (P < 0.001), and lower NK activity (P = 0.003) and proliferation in response to ConA (P < 0.001) than controls. 2-OHOA reversed totally or partially most of the changes (body weight, fat content, GSSG levels, GSH / GSSG, lipid peroxidation, chemotaxis and proliferation, all P < 0.05), while n-3 PUFA reversed the increase in XO activity (P = 0.032). In conclusion, 2-OHOA, and to a lesser extent n-3 PUFA, could ameliorate the oxidative stress and alteration of leukocyte function in spleen of obese mice. Our findings support a link between obesity and immunosenescence and suggest a potential therapeutic tool for obesity -related immune dysfunction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28205317	0	16	Oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28205317	21	37	immunosenescence	T039	C0596761
28205317	41	47	spleen	T023	C0037993
28205317	51	61	obese mice	T015	C0025933
28205317	81	100	2-hydroxyoleic acid	T109,T121	C1436659
28205317	140	147	obesity	T047	C0028754
28205317	151	167	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28205317	172	181	leukocyte	T025	C0023516
28205317	182	190	function	T043	C0007613
28205317	194	200	spleen	T023	C0037993
28205317	204	208	mice	T015	C0025929
28205317	232	247	supplementation	T061	C0242297
28205317	253	272	2-hydroxyoleic acid	T109,T121	C1436659
28205317	274	280	2-OHOA	T109,T121	C1436659
28205317	285	316	n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28205317	318	322	PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28205317	353	359	Female	T032	C0086287
28205317	360	372	ICR/CD1 mice	T015	C2697641
28205317	376	381	weeks	T079	C0439230
28205317	407	422	obesogenic diet	T168	C0012155
28205317	428	431	fat	T109,T168	C0012171
28205317	438	443	weeks	T079	C0439230
28205317	452	455	fat	T109,T168	C0012171
28205317	463	468	weeks	T079	C0439230
28205317	479	484	weeks	T079	C0439230
28205317	486	490	mice	T015	C0025929
28205317	511	517	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28205317	526	531	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28205317	534	552	no supplementation	UnknownType	C0681860
28205317	554	576	2-OHOA supplementation	UnknownType	C0681860
28205317	598	622	n-3 PUFA supplementation	UnknownType	C0681860
28205317	624	627	EPA	T109,T121,T123	C0000545
28205317	630	633	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28205317	663	667	mice	T015	C0025929
28205317	686	690	diet	T168	C0012155
28205317	705	713	duration	T079	C0449238
28205317	721	726	study	T062	C2603343
28205317	728	741	control group	T096	C0009932
28205317	762	772	experiment	T062	C0681814
28205317	788	797	variables	T080	C0439828
28205317	803	811	assessed	T052	C1516048
28205317	815	822	spleens	T023	C0037993
28205317	824	830	levels	T080	C0441889
28205317	834	841	reduced	T116,T123	C0017817
28205317	843	846	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
28205317	852	879	oxidized (GSSG) glutathione	T116,T121	C0061516
28205317	881	884	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
28205317	887	891	GSSG	T116,T121	C0061516
28205317	893	923	xanthine oxidase (XO) activity	T044	C1151293
28205317	925	943	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
28205317	945	966	lymphocyte chemotaxis	T043	C0312862
28205317	968	996	natural killer (NK) activity	T043	C1317556
28205317	1001	1008	mitogen	T121	C0026249
28205317	1010	1014	ConA	T116,T123	C0009630
28205317	1019	1022	LPS	T109	C0023810
28205317	1032	1056	lymphocyte proliferation	T043	C0596873
28205317	1058	1063	Obese	T032	C0424612
28205317	1064	1071	animals	T008	C0003062
28205317	1082	1088	higher	T080	C0205250
28205317	1089	1093	GSSG	T116,T121	C0061516
28205317	1094	1100	levels	T080	C0441889
28205317	1114	1118	GSSG	T116,T121	C0061516
28205317	1121	1124	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
28205317	1125	1130	ratio	T081	C0456603
28205317	1144	1162	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
28205317	1176	1187	XO activity	T044	C1151293
28205317	1204	1225	lymphocyte chemotaxis	T043	C0312862
28205317	1249	1260	NK activity	T043	C1317556
28205317	1277	1290	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28205317	1306	1310	ConA	T116,T123	C0009630
28205317	1328	1336	controls	T096	C0009932
28205317	1338	1344	2-OHOA	T109,T121	C1436659
28205317	1387	1394	changes	T081	C0443172
28205317	1396	1407	body weight	T032	C0005910
28205317	1422	1426	GSSG	T116,T121	C0061516
28205317	1427	1433	levels	T080	C0441889
28205317	1435	1438	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
28205317	1441	1445	GSSG	T116,T121	C0061516
28205317	1447	1465	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
28205317	1467	1477	chemotaxis	T043	C0008018
28205317	1482	1495	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28205317	1518	1526	n-3 PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28205317	1540	1548	increase	T169	C0442805
28205317	1552	1563	XO activity	T044	C1151293
28205317	1592	1598	2-OHOA	T109,T121	C1436659
28205317	1623	1631	n-3 PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28205317	1654	1670	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28205317	1675	1685	alteration	T078	C1515926
28205317	1689	1698	leukocyte	T025	C0023516
28205317	1699	1707	function	T043	C0007613
28205317	1711	1717	spleen	T023	C0037993
28205317	1721	1731	obese mice	T015	C0025933
28205317	1737	1745	findings	T033	C0243095
28205317	1769	1776	obesity	T047	C0028754
28205317	1781	1797	immunosenescence	T039	C0596761
28205317	1822	1838	therapeutic tool	T169	C0302350
28205317	1843	1850	obesity	T047	C0028754
28205317	1860	1878	immune dysfunction	T047	C0021053

28205369|t|Parental psychopathology and expectations for the futures of children with autism spectrum disorder
28205369|a|The influence of parental psychopathology and parental expectations on child well-being is well documented among typically developing populations. However, to date little research has examined the relationship among these factors in families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examines an observed relationship between parental psychopathology and expectations in families with children with ASD in the light of research in other populations. Twenty-four parents of children diagnosed with ASD were assessed for symptoms of psychopathology. Parents completed measures of child ASD severity as well as their expectations for possible outcomes of their child. Two main effects were found: higher parental psychopathology and ASD severity were both related to lower expectations. Interaction of ASD severity and parental psychopathology in relation to parent expectations was not observed. These results emphasize the necessity of providing services not only to individuals diagnosed with ASD, but to caregivers as well.
28205369	0	8	Parental	T099	C0030551
28205369	9	24	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
28205369	29	41	expectations	T078	C0679138
28205369	50	57	futures	T079	C0016884
28205369	61	69	children	T100	C0008059
28205369	75	99	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
28205369	104	113	influence	T077	C4054723
28205369	117	125	parental	T099	C0030551
28205369	126	141	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
28205369	146	167	parental expectations	T080	C0871037
28205369	171	187	child well-being	T058	C0008078
28205369	196	206	documented	T058	C1301725
28205369	223	233	developing	T169	C1527148
28205369	234	245	populations	T098	C1257890
28205369	271	279	research	T062	C0035168
28205369	284	292	examined	T033	C0332128
28205369	297	309	relationship	T080	C0439849
28205369	322	329	factors	T169	C1521761
28205369	333	341	families	T099	C0015576
28205369	345	353	children	T100	C0008059
28205369	359	383	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
28205369	384	389	(ASD)	T048	C1510586
28205369	396	401	study	T062	C2603343
28205369	402	410	examines	T033	C0332128
28205369	414	422	observed	T169	C1441672
28205369	423	435	relationship	T080	C0439849
28205369	444	452	parental	T099	C0030551
28205369	453	468	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
28205369	473	485	expectations	T078	C0679138
28205369	489	497	families	T099	C0015576
28205369	503	511	children	T100	C0008059
28205369	517	520	ASD	T048	C1510586
28205369	537	545	research	T062	C0035168
28205369	555	566	populations	T098	C1257890
28205369	580	587	parents	T099	C0030551
28205369	591	599	children	T100	C0008059
28205369	600	609	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28205369	615	618	ASD	T048	C1510586
28205369	624	632	assessed	T052	C1516048
28205369	637	645	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28205369	649	664	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
28205369	666	673	Parents	T099	C0030551
28205369	674	683	completed	T080	C0205197
28205369	684	692	measures	T081	C0079809
28205369	696	701	child	T100	C0008059
28205369	702	705	ASD	T048	C1510586
28205369	706	714	severity	T080	C0392364
28205369	732	744	expectations	T078	C0679138
28205369	749	757	possible	T033	C0332149
28205369	758	766	outcomes	T033	C2015879
28205369	776	781	child	T100	C0008059
28205369	787	791	main	T080	C1542147
28205369	792	799	effects	T080	C1280500
28205369	812	818	higher	T080	C0205250
28205369	819	827	parental	T099	C0030551
28205369	828	843	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
28205369	848	851	ASD	T048	C1510586
28205369	852	860	severity	T080	C0392364
28205369	871	878	related	T080	C0439849
28205369	882	887	lower	T052	C2003888
28205369	888	900	expectations	T078	C0679138
28205369	902	913	Interaction	T169	C1704675
28205369	917	920	ASD	T048	C1510586
28205369	921	929	severity	T080	C0392364
28205369	934	942	parental	T099	C0030551
28205369	943	958	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
28205369	962	970	relation	T080	C0439849
28205369	974	980	parent	T099	C0030551
28205369	981	993	expectations	T078	C0679138
28205369	1002	1010	observed	T169	C1441672
28205369	1018	1025	results	T033	C0683954
28205369	1040	1049	necessity	T080	C0205224
28205369	1053	1062	providing	T052	C1999230
28205369	1063	1071	services	T058	C1704289
28205369	1084	1095	individuals	T098	C0027361
28205369	1096	1105	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28205369	1111	1114	ASD	T048	C1510586
28205369	1123	1133	caregivers	T097	C0085537

28205489|t|Quadrilateral Space Syndrome: A Case Report
28205489|a|We present a case of quadrilateral space syndrome (QSS) in a patient with left arm pain. The patient sustained a trauma to his left arm, and QSS was successfully diagnosed by physical examination, magnetic resonance image, electromyographic evaluation, and nerve conduction studies. Surgery was performed to decompress the axillary nerve and the patient recovered fully with minimal residual symptoms.
28205489	0	19	Quadrilateral Space	T030	C4247507
28205489	0	28	Quadrilateral Space Syndrome	T047	C0039082
28205489	32	43	Case Report	T170	C0085973
28205489	57	61	case	T169	C0868928
28205489	65	84	quadrilateral space	T030	C4247507
28205489	65	93	quadrilateral space syndrome	T047	C0039082
28205489	95	98	QSS	T047	C0039082
28205489	105	112	patient	T101	C0030705
28205489	118	131	left arm pain	T184	C0564820
28205489	137	144	patient	T101	C0030705
28205489	145	154	sustained	T169	C0443318
28205489	157	163	trauma	T037	C3714660
28205489	171	179	left arm	T023	C0230347
28205489	185	188	QSS	T047	C0039082
28205489	206	215	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28205489	219	239	physical examination	T058	C0031809
28205489	241	265	magnetic resonance image	T060	C0024485
28205489	267	295	electromyographic evaluation	T060	C0846763
28205489	301	325	nerve conduction studies	T060	C0200125
28205489	327	334	Surgery	T061	C0543467
28205489	352	362	decompress	T061	C0196571
28205489	367	381	axillary nerve	T023	C0228885
28205489	390	397	patient	T101	C0030705
28205489	398	413	recovered fully	T033	C1546957
28205489	427	435	residual	T080	C1609982
28205489	436	444	symptoms	T184	C1457887

28207180|t|Assembly of the outermost spore layer: pieces of the puzzle are coming together
28207180|a|Certain endospore-forming soil dwelling bacteria are important human, animal or insect pathogens. These organisms produce spores containing an outer layer, the exosporium. The exosporium is the site of interactions between the spore and the soil environment and between the spore and the infected host during the initial stages of infection. The composition and assembly process of the exosporium are poorly understood. This is partly due to the extreme stability of the exosporium that has proven to be refractive to existing methods to deconstruct the intact structure into its component parts. Although more than 20 proteins have been identified as exosporium - associated, their abundance, relationship to other proteins and the processes by which they are assembled to create the exosporium are largely unknown. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, Terry, Jiang, and colleagues in Per Bullough's laboratory show that the ExsY protein is a major structural protein of the exosporium basal layer of B. cereus family spores and that it can self-assemble into complex structures that possess many of the structural features characteristic of the exosporium basal layer. The authors refined a model for exosporium assembly. Their findings may have implications for exosporium formation in other spore forming bacteria, including Clostridium species.
28207180	0	37	Assembly of the outermost spore layer	T043	C2611271
28207180	88	128	endospore-forming soil dwelling bacteria	T007	C0014248
28207180	143	148	human	T016	C0086418
28207180	150	156	animal	T008	C0003062
28207180	160	166	insect	T204	C0021585
28207180	167	176	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28207180	184	193	organisms	T001	C0450254
28207180	202	208	spores	T001	C0038027
28207180	223	234	outer layer	T026	C0243092
28207180	240	250	exosporium	T026	C1623474
28207180	256	266	exosporium	T026	C1623474
28207180	274	281	site of	T080	C2945843
28207180	282	294	interactions	T169	C1704675
28207180	307	312	spore	T001	C0038027
28207180	321	325	soil	T167	C0037592
28207180	326	337	environment	T082	C0014406
28207180	354	359	spore	T001	C0038027
28207180	368	376	infected	T033	C0439663
28207180	377	381	host	T001	C1167395
28207180	393	400	initial	T079	C0205265
28207180	401	407	stages	T079	C1306673
28207180	411	420	infection	T046	C3714514
28207180	426	437	composition	T201	C0486616
28207180	442	476	assembly process of the exosporium	T043	C2611271
28207180	534	543	stability	T080	C0205360
28207180	551	561	exosporium	T026	C1623474
28207180	607	614	methods	T169	C0025664
28207180	634	640	intact	T080	C0205266
28207180	641	650	structure	T082	C0678594
28207180	660	669	component	T077	C1705248
28207180	670	675	parts	T082	C0449719
28207180	699	707	proteins	T116,T123	C0004627
28207180	718	728	identified	T080	C0205396
28207180	732	742	exosporium	T026	C1623474
28207180	745	755	associated	T080	C0332281
28207180	763	772	abundance	T080	C2346714
28207180	774	786	relationship	T080	C0439849
28207180	796	804	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28207180	813	822	processes	T067	C1522240
28207180	841	875	assembled to create the exosporium	T043	C2611271
28207180	914	936	Molecular Microbiology	T091	C0025952
28207180	985	995	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28207180	1010	1022	ExsY protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28207180	1034	1052	structural protein	T116,T123	C0582263
28207180	1060	1082	exosporium basal layer	T026	C1623474
28207180	1086	1102	B. cereus family	T007	C0004590
28207180	1103	1109	spores	T001	C0038027
28207180	1126	1139	self-assemble	T052	C1706853
28207180	1145	1152	complex	T080	C0439855
28207180	1153	1163	structures	T082	C0678594
28207180	1189	1199	structural	T082	C0678594
28207180	1200	1208	features	T080	C2348519
28207180	1209	1223	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28207180	1231	1253	exosporium basal layer	T026	C1623474
28207180	1259	1266	authors	T097	C3812881
28207180	1277	1282	model	T170	C3161035
28207180	1287	1306	exosporium assembly	T043	C2611271
28207180	1314	1322	findings	T033	C0243095
28207180	1349	1359	exosporium	T026	C1623474
28207180	1360	1369	formation	T169	C1522492
28207180	1379	1401	spore forming bacteria	T007	C0014248
28207180	1413	1432	Clostridium species	T007	C1264830

28207495|t|Lipids and lipid changes with synthetic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: implications for cardiovascular risk
28207495|a|To highlight recently published studies addressing lipid changes with disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use and outline implications on cardiovascular outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Growing evidence suggests lower lipid levels are present in patients with active RA vs. general population, and significant modifications of lipid profile with inflammation suppression. Increase in lipid levels in patients with RA on synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs may be accompanied by antiatherogenic changes in lipid composition and function. The impact of lipid changes on cardiovascular outcomes in RA is a subject of active research. The role of lipids in cardiovascular risk in RA may be overpowered by the benefits of inflammation suppression with antirheumatic medication use. Recommendations on lipid management in RA are evolving but uncertainty exists regarding frequency of lipid testing and goals of treatment. Knowledge about quantitative and qualitative lipid changes in RA is expanding. The relative role of lipids in cardiovascular risk in the context of systemic inflammation and antirheumatic therapy remains uncertain, delaying development of effective strategies for cardiovascular risk management in RA. Studies are underway to address these knowledge gaps and may be expected to inform cardiovascular risk management in RA and the general population.
28207495	0	6	Lipids	T109	C0023779
28207495	11	16	lipid	T109	C0023779
28207495	17	24	changes	T169	C0392747
28207495	30	39	synthetic	T121	C4054347
28207495	44	97	biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy	T061	C1303166
28207495	101	121	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
28207495	140	159	cardiovascular risk	T047	C0850624
28207495	192	199	studies	T062	C2603343
28207495	211	216	lipid	T109	C0023779
28207495	217	224	changes	T169	C0392747
28207495	230	266	disease-modifying antirheumatic drug	T121	C0242708
28207495	299	313	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28207495	314	322	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28207495	326	346	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
28207495	348	350	RA	T047	C0003873
28207495	361	369	evidence	T078	C3887511
28207495	370	378	suggests	T078	C1705535
28207495	385	397	lipid levels	T034	C0428460
28207495	402	409	present	T033	C0150312
28207495	413	421	patients	T101	C0030705
28207495	427	433	active	T169	C0205177
28207495	434	436	RA	T047	C0003873
28207495	441	459	general population	T098	C0683971
28207495	465	476	significant	T078	C0750502
28207495	477	490	modifications	T033	C3840684
28207495	494	499	lipid	T109	C0023779
28207495	494	507	lipid profile	T059	C0850354
28207495	513	525	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28207495	526	537	suppression	T040	C0301625
28207495	539	547	Increase	T169	C0442805
28207495	551	563	lipid levels	T034	C0428460
28207495	567	575	patients	T101	C0030705
28207495	581	583	RA	T047	C0003873
28207495	587	596	synthetic	T121	C4054347
28207495	601	611	biological	T080	C0205460
28207495	612	649	disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs	T121	C0242708
28207495	672	687	antiatherogenic	T121	C0684286
28207495	688	695	changes	T169	C0392747
28207495	699	704	lipid	T109	C0023779
28207495	705	716	composition	T201	C0486616
28207495	721	729	function	T169	C0542341
28207495	735	741	impact	T080	C4049986
28207495	745	750	lipid	T109	C0023779
28207495	751	758	changes	T169	C0392747
28207495	762	776	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28207495	777	785	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28207495	789	791	RA	T047	C0003873
28207495	808	823	active research	T062	C0035168
28207495	837	843	lipids	T109	C0023779
28207495	847	866	cardiovascular risk	T047	C0850624
28207495	870	872	RA	T047	C0003873
28207495	899	907	benefits	T081	C0814225
28207495	911	923	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28207495	924	935	suppression	T040	C0301625
28207495	941	965	antirheumatic medication	T121	C0003191
28207495	971	1006	Recommendations on lipid management	T058	C1272213
28207495	990	995	lipid	T109	C0023779
28207495	1010	1012	RA	T047	C0003873
28207495	1017	1025	evolving	T169	C0332253
28207495	1059	1068	frequency	T079	C0376249
28207495	1072	1077	lipid	T109	C0023779
28207495	1072	1085	lipid testing	T059	C0850354
28207495	1090	1095	goals	T170	C0679840
28207495	1099	1108	treatment	T169	C1522326
28207495	1110	1119	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
28207495	1126	1138	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28207495	1143	1154	qualitative	T080	C0205556
28207495	1155	1160	lipid	T109	C0023779
28207495	1161	1168	changes	T169	C0392747
28207495	1172	1174	RA	T047	C0003873
28207495	1178	1187	expanding	T082	C0205229
28207495	1193	1201	relative	T080	C0205345
28207495	1210	1216	lipids	T109	C0023779
28207495	1220	1239	cardiovascular risk	T047	C0850624
28207495	1247	1254	context	T078	C0449255
28207495	1258	1279	systemic inflammation	T047	C3646020
28207495	1284	1305	antirheumatic therapy	T061	C1303166
28207495	1334	1345	development	T169	C1527148
28207495	1349	1369	effective strategies	UnknownType	C0679723
28207495	1374	1393	cardiovascular risk	T047	C0850624
28207495	1394	1404	management	T058	C0376636
28207495	1408	1410	RA	T047	C0003873
28207495	1412	1419	Studies	T062	C2603343
28207495	1450	1459	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28207495	1495	1514	cardiovascular risk	T047	C0850624
28207495	1515	1525	management	T058	C0376636
28207495	1529	1531	RA	T047	C0003873
28207495	1540	1558	general population	T098	C0683971

28207880|t|Skeletal muscle metabolic adaptations to endurance exercise training are attainable in mice with simvastatin treatment
28207880|a|We tested the hypothesis that a 6-week regimen of simvastatin would attenuate skeletal muscle adaptation to low-intensity exercise. Male C57BL/6J wildtype mice were subjected to 6-weeks of voluntary wheel running or normal cage activities with or without simvastatin treatment (20 mg/kg/d, n = 7-8 per group). Adaptations in in vivo fatigue resistance were determined by a treadmill running test, and by ankle plantarflexor contractile assessment. The tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and plantaris muscles were evaluated for exercised -induced mitochondrial adaptations (i.e., biogenesis, function, autophagy). There was no difference in weekly wheel running distance between control and simvastatin - treated mice (P = 0.51). Trained mice had greater treadmill running distance (296%, P<0.001), and ankle plantarflexor contractile fatigue resistance (9%, P<0.05) compared to sedentary mice, independent of simvastatin treatment. At the cellular level, trained mice had greater mitochondrial biogenesis (e.g., ~2-fold greater PGC1α expression, P<0.05) and mitochondrial content (e.g., 25% greater citrate synthase activity, P<0.05), independent of simvastatin treatment. Mitochondrial autophagy -related protein contents were greater in trained mice (e.g., 40% greater Bnip3, P<0.05), independent of simvastatin treatment. However, Drp1, a marker of mitochondrial fission, was less in simvastatin treated mice, independent of exercise training, and there was a significant interaction between training and statin treatment (P<0.022) for LC3-II protein content, a marker of autophagy flux. These data indicate that whole body and skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance exercise training are attainable with simvastatin treatment, but simvastatin may have side effects on muscle mitochondrial maintenance via autophagy, which could have long-term implications on muscle health.
28207880	0	15	Skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28207880	26	37	adaptations	T038	C0392673
28207880	41	50	endurance	T079	C0031808
28207880	51	68	exercise training	T056	C4279936
28207880	73	83	attainable	T052	C0599946
28207880	87	91	mice	T015	C0025929
28207880	97	108	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28207880	109	118	treatment	T061	C0087111
28207880	133	143	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28207880	158	165	regimen	T061	C0040808
28207880	169	180	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28207880	187	196	attenuate	T052	C0599946
28207880	197	212	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28207880	213	223	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28207880	227	249	low-intensity exercise	T056	C0015259
28207880	251	255	Male	T032	C0086582
28207880	256	278	C57BL/6J wildtype mice	T015	C0025929
28207880	308	331	voluntary wheel running	T056	C0035953
28207880	342	346	cage	T073	C0179512
28207880	347	357	activities	T052	C0441655
28207880	374	385	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28207880	386	395	treatment	T061	C0087111
28207880	429	440	Adaptations	T038	C0392673
28207880	444	451	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28207880	452	459	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28207880	460	470	resistance	T169	C4281815
28207880	492	514	treadmill running test	T060	C0087110
28207880	523	542	ankle plantarflexor	T023	C0581542
28207880	543	554	contractile	T039	C0026820
28207880	571	588	tibialis anterior	T023	C0242690
28207880	590	603	gastrocnemius	T023	C0242691
28207880	609	626	plantaris muscles	T023	C0242693
28207880	632	641	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28207880	646	655	exercised	T056	C0015259
28207880	665	678	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28207880	679	690	adaptations	T038	C0392673
28207880	698	708	biogenesis	T070	C0005495
28207880	710	718	function	T169	C0542341
28207880	720	729	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28207880	742	755	no difference	T033	C3842396
28207880	766	788	wheel running distance	T052	C0441655
28207880	809	820	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28207880	823	830	treated	T169	C1522326
28207880	831	835	mice	T015	C0025929
28207880	848	855	Trained	T065	C0220931
28207880	856	860	mice	T015	C0025929
28207880	873	890	treadmill running	T056	C2712999
28207880	891	899	distance	T081	C0012751
28207880	921	940	ankle plantarflexor	T023	C0581542
28207880	941	952	contractile	T039	C0026820
28207880	953	960	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28207880	961	971	resistance	T169	C4281815
28207880	1007	1011	mice	T015	C0025929
28207880	1028	1039	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28207880	1040	1049	treatment	T061	C0087111
28207880	1058	1072	cellular level	T025	C0007634
28207880	1074	1081	trained	T065	C0220931
28207880	1082	1086	mice	T015	C0025929
28207880	1099	1123	mitochondrial biogenesis	T043	C3494456
28207880	1147	1152	PGC1α	T116,T123	C1570275
28207880	1153	1163	expression	T045	C1171362
28207880	1177	1190	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28207880	1218	1234	citrate synthase	T116,T126	C0008855
28207880	1235	1243	activity	T044	C0243102
28207880	1269	1280	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28207880	1281	1290	treatment	T061	C0087111
28207880	1292	1305	Mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28207880	1306	1315	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28207880	1325	1332	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28207880	1358	1365	trained	T065	C0220931
28207880	1366	1370	mice	T015	C0025929
28207880	1390	1395	Bnip3	T116,T123	C1699488
28207880	1421	1432	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28207880	1433	1442	treatment	T061	C0087111
28207880	1453	1457	Drp1	T116,T126	C1957127
28207880	1461	1467	marker	T201	C0005516
28207880	1471	1492	mitochondrial fission	T043	C0230871
28207880	1506	1517	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28207880	1518	1525	treated	T169	C1522326
28207880	1526	1530	mice	T015	C0025929
28207880	1547	1564	exercise training	T056	C4279936
28207880	1594	1605	interaction	T169	C1704675
28207880	1614	1622	training	T065	C0220931
28207880	1634	1643	treatment	T061	C0087111
28207880	1658	1672	LC3-II protein	T116,T123	C3711208
28207880	1673	1680	content	T081	C1446561
28207880	1684	1690	marker	T201	C0005516
28207880	1694	1703	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28207880	1735	1745	whole body	T017	C0444584
28207880	1750	1765	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28207880	1766	1777	adaptations	T038	C0392673
28207880	1781	1790	endurance	T079	C0031808
28207880	1791	1808	exercise training	T056	C4279936
28207880	1813	1823	attainable	T052	C0599946
28207880	1829	1840	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28207880	1841	1850	treatment	T061	C0087111
28207880	1856	1867	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28207880	1877	1889	side effects	T046	C0879626
28207880	1893	1899	muscle	T024	C0026845
28207880	1900	1913	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28207880	1930	1939	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28207880	1958	1967	long-term	T079	C0443252
28207880	1984	1990	muscle	T024	C0026845
28207880	1991	1997	health	T078	C0018684

28208833|t|Family Environment and Childhood Obesity: A New Framework with Structural Equation Modeling
28208833|a|The main purpose of the current article is to introduce a framework of the complexity of childhood obesity based on the family environment. A conceptual model that quantifies the relationships and interactions among parental socioeconomic status, family food security level, child's food intake and certain aspects of parental feeding behaviour is presented using the structural equation modeling (SEM) concept. Structural models are analysed in terms of the direct and indirect connections among latent and measurement variables that lead to the child weight indicator. To illustrate the accuracy, fit, reliability and validity of the introduced framework, real data collected from 630 families from Urumqi (Xinjiang, China) were considered. The framework includes two categories of data comprising the normal body mass index (BMI) range and obesity data. The comparison analysis between two models provides some evidence that in obesity modeling, obesity data must be extracted from the dataset and analysis must be done separately from the normal BMI range. This study may be helpful for researchers interested in childhood obesity modeling based on family environment.
28208833	0	18	Family Environment	T054	C0680056
28208833	23	40	Childhood Obesity	T047	C2362324
28208833	44	47	New	T080	C0205314
28208833	48	57	Framework	T170	C0282574
28208833	63	91	Structural Equation Modeling	T062	C0681947
28208833	101	108	purpose	T169	C1285529
28208833	116	123	current	T079	C0521116
28208833	124	131	article	T170	C1706852
28208833	138	147	introduce	T169	C1292748
28208833	150	159	framework	T170	C0282574
28208833	167	177	complexity	T080	C0439855
28208833	181	198	childhood obesity	T047	C2362324
28208833	212	230	family environment	T054	C0680056
28208833	234	250	conceptual model	T170	C0814929
28208833	256	266	quantifies	T081	C1709793
28208833	271	284	relationships	T054	C0015608
28208833	289	301	interactions	T033	C0037420
28208833	308	316	parental	T099	C0030551
28208833	317	337	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
28208833	339	345	family	T099	C0015576
28208833	346	359	food security	T080	C3178753
28208833	360	365	level	T080	C0441889
28208833	367	374	child's	T100	C0008059
28208833	375	386	food intake	T040	C0013470
28208833	410	418	parental	T099	C0030551
28208833	419	436	feeding behaviour	T055	C0015745
28208833	440	449	presented	T078	C0449450
28208833	460	488	structural equation modeling	T062	C0681947
28208833	490	493	SEM	T062	C0681947
28208833	504	521	Structural models	T073	C0026349
28208833	526	534	analysed	T062	C0936012
28208833	551	557	direct	T080	C1947931
28208833	562	570	indirect	T080	C0439852
28208833	571	582	connections	T082	C0449379
28208833	589	595	latent	T080	C0205275
28208833	600	611	measurement	T169	C0242485
28208833	612	621	variables	T080	C0439828
28208833	639	644	child	T100	C0008059
28208833	645	651	weight	T081	C0043100
28208833	652	661	indicator	T169	C1522602
28208833	681	689	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28208833	691	694	fit	T052	C2349186
28208833	696	707	reliability	T081	C2347947
28208833	712	720	validity	T081	C2349101
28208833	728	738	introduced	T169	C1292748
28208833	739	748	framework	T170	C0282574
28208833	755	759	data	T078	C1511726
28208833	760	769	collected	T078	C1516695
28208833	779	787	families	T099	C0015576
28208833	793	799	Urumqi	T083	C0017446
28208833	801	809	Xinjiang	T083	C0037186
28208833	811	816	China	T083	C0008115
28208833	839	848	framework	T170	C0282574
28208833	862	872	categories	T170	C0683312
28208833	876	880	data	T078	C1511726
28208833	896	918	normal body mass index	T033	C4229017
28208833	920	923	BMI	T201	C1305855
28208833	925	930	range	T081	C1514721
28208833	935	942	obesity	T047	C0028754
28208833	943	947	data	T078	C1511726
28208833	953	963	comparison	T052	C1707455
28208833	964	972	analysis	T062	C0936012
28208833	985	991	models	T170	C3161035
28208833	1006	1014	evidence	T078	C3887511
28208833	1023	1030	obesity	T047	C0028754
28208833	1031	1039	modeling	T062	C0870071
28208833	1041	1048	obesity	T047	C0028754
28208833	1049	1053	data	T078	C1511726
28208833	1062	1071	extracted	T062	C1707635
28208833	1081	1088	dataset	T170	C0150098
28208833	1093	1101	analysis	T062	C0936012
28208833	1115	1125	separately	T080	C0443299
28208833	1135	1145	normal BMI	T033	C4229017
28208833	1146	1151	range	T081	C1514721
28208833	1158	1163	study	T062	C2603343
28208833	1183	1194	researchers	T097	C0035173
28208833	1195	1205	interested	T041	C0543488
28208833	1209	1226	childhood obesity	T047	C2362324
28208833	1227	1235	modeling	T062	C0870071
28208833	1245	1263	family environment	T054	C0680056

28208888|t|Haemoglobinopathies and β-Thalassaemia among the Tribals Working in the Tea Gardens of Assam, India
28208888|a|Prevalence of haemoglobinopathies and β-thalassaemia are very high in India but information about its status among the tribals working in the tea gardens of Assam is very less. The present study was carried out to determine the prevalence of haemoglobinopathies and β-thalassaemia among the tribals working in the tea gardens of Assam. A total 1204 samples from the tribals working in tea gardens of Assam were analysed for both Complete Blood Count (CBC) and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for detection of haemoglobinopathies and β-thalassaemia. This study showed that the prevalence of sickle cell anaemia and β-thalassaemia were very high among this population. Our results indicated a higher prevalence of β-thalassaemia (3.07%) among the Munda ethnic group and higher prevalence of sickle cell anaemia (4.73%) among the Lohar ethnic group. This was the first study to report the presence of HbE among the tribals working in the tea gardens of Assam. Based on the present findings, sickle cell anaemia and β-thalassaemia were major health problem for the tribals working in the tea gardens of Assam. Proper diagnostic facilities for haemoglobinopathy and thalassaemia should be established in these areas, including establishment of haemoglobinopathy and thalassaemia database collection, haematological analysis laboratories, genetic counselling clinics, prenatal diagnosis centres and neonatal screening centres.
28208888	0	19	Haemoglobinopathies	T047	C0019045
28208888	24	38	β-Thalassaemia	T047	C0005283
28208888	49	56	Tribals	T098	C0040881
28208888	57	64	Working	T057	C0043227
28208888	72	75	Tea	T168	C0039400
28208888	76	83	Gardens	T080	C4019428
28208888	87	92	Assam	UnknownType	C0681784
28208888	94	99	India	T083	C0021201
28208888	100	110	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
28208888	114	133	haemoglobinopathies	T047	C0019045
28208888	138	152	β-thalassaemia	T047	C0005283
28208888	157	166	very high	T080	C0205250
28208888	170	175	India	T083	C0021201
28208888	180	191	information	T078	C1533716
28208888	219	226	tribals	T098	C0040881
28208888	227	234	working	T057	C0043227
28208888	242	245	tea	T168	C0039400
28208888	246	253	gardens	T080	C4019428
28208888	257	262	Assam	UnknownType	C0681784
28208888	266	275	very less	T080	C0205251
28208888	289	294	study	T062	C2603343
28208888	328	338	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28208888	342	361	haemoglobinopathies	T047	C0019045
28208888	366	380	β-thalassaemia	T047	C0005283
28208888	391	398	tribals	T098	C0040881
28208888	399	406	working	T057	C0043227
28208888	414	417	tea	T168	C0039400
28208888	418	425	gardens	T080	C4019428
28208888	429	434	Assam	UnknownType	C0681784
28208888	466	473	tribals	T098	C0040881
28208888	474	481	working	T057	C0043227
28208888	485	488	tea	T168	C0039400
28208888	489	496	gardens	T080	C4019428
28208888	500	505	Assam	UnknownType	C0681784
28208888	511	519	analysed	T062	C0936012
28208888	529	549	Complete Blood Count	T059	C0009555
28208888	551	554	CBC	T059	C0009555
28208888	560	595	High Pressure Liquid Chromatography	T059	C0008562
28208888	597	601	HPLC	T059	C0008562
28208888	607	616	detection	T061	C1511790
28208888	620	639	haemoglobinopathies	T047	C0019045
28208888	644	658	β-thalassaemia	T047	C0005283
28208888	665	670	study	T062	C2603343
28208888	687	697	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28208888	701	720	sickle cell anaemia	T047	C0002895
28208888	725	739	β-thalassaemia	T047	C0005283
28208888	745	754	very high	T080	C0205250
28208888	766	776	population	T098	C1257890
28208888	782	789	results	T169	C1274040
28208888	790	799	indicated	T033	C1444656
28208888	809	819	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28208888	823	837	β-thalassaemia	T047	C0005283
28208888	856	874	Munda ethnic group	T098	C0015031
28208888	886	896	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28208888	900	919	sickle cell anaemia	T047	C0002895
28208888	938	956	Lohar ethnic group	T098	C0015031
28208888	977	982	study	T062	C2603343
28208888	997	1005	presence	T033	C0150312
28208888	1009	1012	HbE	T116,T123	C0019024
28208888	1023	1030	tribals	T098	C0040881
28208888	1031	1038	working	T057	C0043227
28208888	1046	1049	tea	T168	C0039400
28208888	1050	1057	gardens	T080	C4019428
28208888	1061	1066	Assam	UnknownType	C0681784
28208888	1089	1097	findings	T033	C0243095
28208888	1099	1118	sickle cell anaemia	T047	C0002895
28208888	1123	1137	β-thalassaemia	T047	C0005283
28208888	1149	1155	health	T078	C0018684
28208888	1156	1163	problem	T033	C0033213
28208888	1172	1179	tribals	T098	C0040881
28208888	1180	1187	working	T057	C0043227
28208888	1195	1198	tea	T168	C0039400
28208888	1199	1206	gardens	T080	C4019428
28208888	1210	1215	Assam	UnknownType	C0681784
28208888	1224	1245	diagnostic facilities	T058	C0011929
28208888	1250	1267	haemoglobinopathy	T047	C0019045
28208888	1272	1284	thalassaemia	T047	C0039730
28208888	1295	1306	established	T080	C0443211
28208888	1316	1321	areas	T082	C0205146
28208888	1350	1367	haemoglobinopathy	T047	C0019045
28208888	1372	1384	thalassaemia	T047	C0039730
28208888	1385	1393	database	T170	C0242356
28208888	1394	1404	collection	T169	C1516698
28208888	1406	1442	haematological analysis laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
28208888	1444	1471	genetic counselling clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28208888	1473	1499	prenatal diagnosis centres	T073,T093	C0565990
28208888	1504	1530	neonatal screening centres	T073,T093	C0565990

28208923|t|Long Term Outcome in Patients with Esophageal Stenting for Cancer Esophagus - Our Experience at a Rural Hospital of Punjab, India
28208923|a|Cancer of the esophagus is among the leading cause of cancer deaths in Punjab, India. Patients generally present with dysphagia as their first symptom and more often they have advanced disease at the time of presentation to a tertiary care centre. Palliative procedures have important roles in this setting. Stenting is the best option to palliate the symptoms of dysphagia, from which patient is suffering the most. To know the success rate, early and long term complications and mortality in esophageal stenting, when it was done in malignant esophageal stricture patients. One hundred patients, who had undergone esophageal stenting from January 2012 to January 2015, were included in the study. We retrospectively analysed the data for patient characteristics, causes of non-operability, early and long term complications, re-interventions, efficacy and mortality. Out of 100 patients, indications for stenting were locally advanced disease not amenable to surgery (52%), metastatic disease (35%), CVA (1%), cardiac and respiratory problem (8%), un-willing for surgery in 5% of patients. Majority of patients (94%) had squamous cell carcinoma, while only 6% had adenocarcinoma. 84% of patients presented with dysphagia with or without chest pain and recurrent cough while 16% had recurrent vomiting. 58% had dysphagia to liquids and solids and 17% had complete dysphagia. After stenting 93% had significant improvement in dysphagia score from median of 3 to 1. Post procedure stay was 3.61±1.0 days. One patient had procedure related major complication in the form of post procedural bleed (after 16 days of stenting) leading to death of that patient. Minor complications were present in 52 patients treated conservatively not affecting the efficacy of procedure. These include pain after stenting (38%), stent obstruction (23%) and stent migration (6%). All the minor complications were treated conservatively except in six patients in whom re-stenting was done. Esophageal stenting is relatively safe procedure with short stay of the patient in the hospital. Although, it helps in alleviating patients ' morbidity very effectively and reliably, there are many technical glitches, which needs to be kept into account and patient should be properly counseled before the procedure to prevent and manage post procedure complications and medico legal aspects.
28208923	0	9	Long Term	T079	C0443252
28208923	10	17	Outcome	T169	C1274040
28208923	21	29	Patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	35	54	Esophageal Stenting	T061	C1654920
28208923	59	75	Cancer Esophagus	T191	C0152018
28208923	98	112	Rural Hospital	T093	C0020023
28208923	116	122	Punjab	UnknownType	C0681784
28208923	124	129	India	T083	C0021201
28208923	130	153	Cancer of the esophagus	T191	C0152018
28208923	175	180	cause	T078	C0085978
28208923	184	197	cancer deaths	T081	C1516192
28208923	201	207	Punjab	UnknownType	C0681784
28208923	209	214	India	T083	C0021201
28208923	216	224	Patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	235	242	present	T033	C0150312
28208923	248	257	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28208923	273	280	symptom	T184	C1457887
28208923	306	322	advanced disease	UnknownType	C0679246
28208923	330	334	time	T079	C0040223
28208923	338	350	presentation	T078	C0449450
28208923	356	376	tertiary care centre	T073,T093	C0587437
28208923	378	399	Palliative procedures	T061	C1285158
28208923	405	414	important	T080	C3898777
28208923	438	446	Stenting	T061	C2348535
28208923	459	465	option	T169	C1518601
28208923	469	477	palliate	T080	C1285530
28208923	482	490	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28208923	494	503	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28208923	516	523	patient	T101	C0030705
28208923	527	545	suffering the most	T033	C0518881
28208923	559	566	success	T080	C0679864
28208923	567	571	rate	T081	C1521828
28208923	573	578	early	T184	C0231243
28208923	583	592	long term	T079	C0443252
28208923	593	606	complications	T046	C0009566
28208923	611	620	mortality	T081	C0205848
28208923	624	643	esophageal stenting	T061	C1654920
28208923	665	695	malignant esophageal stricture	T047	C0341129
28208923	696	704	patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	706	717	One hundred	T081	C1704407
28208923	718	726	patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	746	765	esophageal stenting	T061	C1654920
28208923	771	778	January	T080	C3829466
28208923	787	794	January	T080	C3829466
28208923	806	814	included	T169	C0332257
28208923	822	827	study	T062	C2603343
28208923	832	856	retrospectively analysed	T062	C0035363
28208923	861	865	data	T078	C1511726
28208923	870	877	patient	T101	C0030705
28208923	878	893	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28208923	895	901	causes	T169	C1314792
28208923	905	920	non-operability	T080	C0205187
28208923	922	927	early	T184	C0231243
28208923	932	941	long term	T079	C0443252
28208923	942	955	complications	T046	C0009566
28208923	957	973	re-interventions	T061	C0184661
28208923	975	983	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28208923	988	997	mortality	T081	C0205848
28208923	1010	1018	patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	1020	1031	indications	T078	C3146298
28208923	1036	1044	stenting	T061	C2348535
28208923	1058	1074	advanced disease	UnknownType	C0679246
28208923	1079	1087	amenable	T080	C3900053
28208923	1091	1098	surgery	T061	C0543467
28208923	1106	1124	metastatic disease	T191	C2939420
28208923	1132	1135	CVA	T047	C0038454
28208923	1142	1149	cardiac	T033	C0262402
28208923	1154	1173	respiratory problem	T184	C1659989
28208923	1195	1202	surgery	T061	C0543467
28208923	1212	1220	patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	1234	1242	patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	1253	1276	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
28208923	1296	1310	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
28208923	1319	1327	patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	1328	1337	presented	T078	C0449450
28208923	1343	1352	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28208923	1369	1379	chest pain	T184	C0008031
28208923	1384	1399	recurrent cough	T033	C3553459
28208923	1414	1432	recurrent vomiting	T184	C0750325
28208923	1442	1451	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28208923	1455	1462	liquids	T167	C0302908
28208923	1467	1473	solids	T167	C0302909
28208923	1486	1504	complete dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28208923	1512	1520	stenting	T061	C2348535
28208923	1529	1540	significant	T078	C0750502
28208923	1541	1552	improvement	T077	C2986411
28208923	1556	1565	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28208923	1566	1571	score	T081	C0449820
28208923	1595	1609	Post procedure	T079	C3272301
28208923	1610	1614	stay	T079	C0023303
28208923	1628	1632	days	T079	C0439228
28208923	1638	1645	patient	T101	C0030705
28208923	1650	1659	procedure	T061	C0184661
28208923	1674	1686	complication	T046	C0009566
28208923	1702	1723	post procedural bleed	T037	C0919874
28208923	1734	1738	days	T079	C0439228
28208923	1742	1750	stenting	T061	C2348535
28208923	1763	1768	death	T033	C1306577
28208923	1777	1784	patient	T101	C0030705
28208923	1786	1791	Minor	T041	C0558080
28208923	1792	1805	complications	T046	C0009566
28208923	1811	1818	present	T033	C0150312
28208923	1825	1833	patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	1834	1841	treated	T169	C1522326
28208923	1861	1870	affecting	T169	C0392760
28208923	1875	1883	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28208923	1887	1896	procedure	T061	C0184661
28208923	1904	1911	include	T052	C2700399
28208923	1912	1916	pain	T184	C0030193
28208923	1923	1931	stenting	T061	C2348535
28208923	1939	1956	stent obstruction	T046	C0028778
28208923	1967	1982	stent migration	T046	C4087543
28208923	1997	2002	minor	T041	C0558080
28208923	2003	2016	complications	T046	C0009566
28208923	2022	2029	treated	T169	C1522326
28208923	2045	2051	except	T169	C0332300
28208923	2059	2067	patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	2076	2087	re-stenting	T061	C2348535
28208923	2098	2117	Esophageal stenting	T061	C1654920
28208923	2137	2146	procedure	T061	C0184661
28208923	2158	2162	stay	T079	C0023303
28208923	2170	2177	patient	T101	C0030705
28208923	2185	2193	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28208923	2229	2237	patients	T101	C0030705
28208923	2240	2249	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28208923	2255	2266	effectively	T080	C1704419
28208923	2296	2314	technical glitches	T067	C1710348
28208923	2356	2363	patient	T101	C0030705
28208923	2383	2392	counseled	T061	C0600047
28208923	2404	2413	procedure	T061	C0184661
28208923	2417	2424	prevent	T169	C1292733
28208923	2429	2435	manage	T169	C2587213
28208923	2436	2450	post procedure	T079	C3272301
28208923	2451	2464	complications	T046	C0009566

28209069|t|Patterns of care and survival outcomes of palliative radiation for prostate cancer with bone metastases: comparison of ≤5 fractions to ≥10 fractions
28209069|a|To review the palliative radiation fractionation regimens, trends and survival of men within the National Cancer Database (NCDB) diagnosed with prostate cancer and bony metastases. A total of 3,871 patients from the NCDB were included in the analysis (patients treated from 2004-2012). The following fractionation regimens were analyzed [8 Gy × 1, 4 Gy × 5 (short course radiation therapy)], were compared to 3 Gy × 10, 2.50 Gy × 14-15 and 2 Gy × 20-30 (long course radiation therapy). Descriptive statistics, multivariable logistic regression and multivariable cox regression analysis were utilized to assess the data. Longer fractionation schemes were used for 91.7% of patients. Treatment at an academic center (OR, 2.93), increasing distance from treatment center (OR, 1.48-1.59), treatment to the ribs (OR, 2.47), and year of diagnosis 2009 or later (OR, 2.31-3.26) were associated with an increased likelihood of receiving short course radiation, while treatment to the spine (OR, 0.34) was associated with a decreased likelihood of short course radiation. On multivariable analysis, longer course of radiation was associated with increased overall survival (HR =0.66; 95% CI: 0.56-0.78, P<0.001.). However, on landmark analysis this difference disappeared once limiting the survival analysis to men who survived ≥18 months [HR =0.83; 95% CI: 0.62-1.11, P=0.21]. Fractionation schemes of ≥10 treatments remain the dominant palliative course of radiation therapy offered for metastatic prostate cancer. However, utilization of ≤5 fractions is slowly increasing, particularly at academic centers.
28209069	0	8	Patterns	T082	C0449774
28209069	12	16	care	T052	C1947933
28209069	21	29	survival	T052	C0038952
28209069	30	38	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28209069	42	62	palliative radiation	T061	C3898008
28209069	67	82	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28209069	88	103	bone metastases	T191	C0153690
28209069	105	115	comparison	T052	C1707455
28209069	122	131	fractions	T081	C1264633
28209069	139	148	fractions	T081	C1264633
28209069	152	158	review	T078	C1552617
28209069	163	206	palliative radiation fractionation regimens	T061	C3641903
28209069	208	214	trends	T079	C0040833
28209069	219	227	survival	T052	C0038952
28209069	231	234	men	T098	C0025266
28209069	246	270	National Cancer Database	T170	C1140271
28209069	272	276	NCDB	T170	C1140271
28209069	278	287	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28209069	293	308	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28209069	313	328	bony metastases	T191	C0153690
28209069	332	337	total	T080	C0439810
28209069	347	355	patients	T101	C0030705
28209069	365	369	NCDB	T170	C1140271
28209069	375	383	included	T169	C0332257
28209069	391	399	analysis	T062	C0936012
28209069	401	409	patients	T101	C0030705
28209069	410	417	treated	T169	C1522326
28209069	449	471	fractionation regimens	T061	C3161031
28209069	477	485	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28209069	507	519	short course	T079	C1827662
28209069	520	537	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
28209069	546	554	compared	T052	C1707455
28209069	603	614	long course	T079	C1254367
28209069	615	632	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
28209069	635	657	Descriptive statistics	T062	C1710191
28209069	659	692	multivariable logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28209069	697	734	multivariable cox regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28209069	752	758	assess	T052	C1516048
28209069	763	767	data	T078	C1511726
28209069	769	775	Longer	T080	C0205166
28209069	776	797	fractionation schemes	T061	C3161031
28209069	821	829	patients	T101	C0030705
28209069	831	840	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28209069	847	862	academic center	T073,T093	C0000872
28209069	864	866	OR	T081	C0028873
28209069	875	885	increasing	T169	C0442808
28209069	886	894	distance	T081	C0012751
28209069	900	916	treatment center	T073,T093	C0000872
28209069	918	920	OR	T081	C0028873
28209069	934	943	treatment	T061	C0087111
28209069	951	955	ribs	T023	C0035561
28209069	957	959	OR	T081	C0028873
28209069	972	976	year	T079	C0439234
28209069	980	989	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28209069	1005	1007	OR	T081	C0028873
28209069	1025	1040	associated with	T080	C0332281
28209069	1044	1053	increased	T081	C0205217
28209069	1054	1064	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28209069	1068	1077	receiving	T080	C1514756
28209069	1078	1090	short course	T079	C1827662
28209069	1091	1100	radiation	T070	C0851346
28209069	1108	1117	treatment	T061	C0087111
28209069	1132	1134	OR	T081	C0028873
28209069	1146	1161	associated with	T080	C0332281
28209069	1164	1173	decreased	T081	C0205216
28209069	1174	1184	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28209069	1188	1200	short course	T079	C1827662
28209069	1201	1210	radiation	T070	C0851346
28209069	1215	1237	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28209069	1239	1252	longer course	T079	C1254367
28209069	1256	1265	radiation	T070	C0851346
28209069	1270	1285	associated with	T080	C0332281
28209069	1286	1295	increased	T081	C0205217
28209069	1296	1312	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28209069	1314	1316	HR	T081	C2985465
28209069	1328	1330	CI	T081	C0009667
28209069	1366	1383	landmark analysis	T062	C0936012
28209069	1389	1399	difference	T081	C1705241
28209069	1417	1425	limiting	T169	C0439801
28209069	1430	1447	survival analysis	T062	C0038953
28209069	1451	1454	men	T098	C0025266
28209069	1472	1478	months	T079	C0439231
28209069	1480	1482	HR	T081	C2985465
28209069	1494	1496	CI	T081	C0009667
28209069	1518	1539	Fractionation schemes	T061	C3161031
28209069	1547	1557	treatments	T061	C0087111
28209069	1569	1577	dominant	T169	C1527180
28209069	1578	1616	palliative course of radiation therapy	T061	C0475092
28209069	1629	1655	metastatic prostate cancer	T191	C0347001
28209069	1684	1693	fractions	T081	C1264633
28209069	1704	1714	increasing	T169	C0442808
28209069	1732	1748	academic centers	T073,T093	C0000872

28209183|t|Variants in congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism genes identified in an Indonesian cohort of 46,XY under-virilised boys
28209183|a|Congenital hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (CHH) and Kallmann syndrome (KS) are caused by disruption to the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (H-P-G) axis. In particular, reduced production, secretion or action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is often responsible. Various genes, many of which play a role in the development and function of the GnRH neurons, have been implicated in these disorders. Clinically, CHH and KS are heterogeneous; however, in 46,XY patients, they can be characterised by under-virilisation phenotypes such as cryptorchidism and micropenis or delayed puberty. In rare cases, hypospadias may also be present. Here, we describe genetic mutational analysis of CHH genes in Indonesian 46,XY disorder of sex development patients with under-virilisation. We present 11 male patients with varying degrees of under-virilisation who have rare variants in known CHH genes. Interestingly, many of these patients had hypospadias. We postulate that variants in CHH genes, in particular PROKR2, PROK2, WDR11 and FGFR1 with CHD7, may contribute to under-virilisation phenotypes including hypospadias in Indonesia.
28209183	0	8	Variants	T080	C0205419
28209183	12	22	congenital	T080	C1744681
28209183	23	53	hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism	T047	C0271623
28209183	54	59	genes	T028	C0017337
28209183	77	87	Indonesian	T098	C0337900
28209183	88	94	cohort	T098	C0599755
28209183	98	103	46,XY	T033	C4315412
28209183	104	119	under-virilised	T046	C0042755
28209183	120	124	boys	T100	C0870221
28209183	125	135	Congenital	T080	C1744681
28209183	136	166	hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism	T047	C0271623
28209183	168	171	CHH	T047	C0271623
28209183	177	194	Kallmann syndrome	T047	C0162809
28209183	196	198	KS	T047	C0162809
28209183	214	224	disruption	T169	C0332453
28209183	232	275	hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (H-P-G) axis	T022	C4075061
28209183	292	299	reduced	T080	C0392756
28209183	300	310	production	T042	C0312426
28209183	312	321	secretion	T038	C0036536
28209183	335	366	gonadotrophin-releasing hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0023610
28209183	368	372	GnRH	T116,T121,T125	C0023610
28209183	404	409	genes	T028	C0017337
28209183	444	455	development	T040	C0678723
28209183	460	468	function	T169	C0542341
28209183	476	480	GnRH	T116,T121,T125	C0023610
28209183	481	488	neurons	T025	C0027882
28209183	520	529	disorders	T047	C0012634
28209183	543	546	CHH	T047	C0271623
28209183	551	553	KS	T047	C0162809
28209183	558	571	heterogeneous	T032	C0242960
28209183	585	590	46,XY	T033	C4315412
28209183	591	599	patients	T101	C0030705
28209183	630	648	under-virilisation	T046	C0042755
28209183	649	659	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28209183	668	682	cryptorchidism	T019	C0010417
28209183	687	697	micropenis	T019	C0266435
28209183	701	716	delayed puberty	T046	C0034012
28209183	733	744	hypospadias	T047	C0848558
28209183	784	802	genetic mutational	T045	C0026882
28209183	803	811	analysis	T062	C0936012
28209183	815	818	CHH	T047	C0271623
28209183	819	824	genes	T028	C0017337
28209183	828	838	Indonesian	T098	C0337900
28209183	839	872	46,XY disorder of sex development	T047	C2751824
28209183	873	881	patients	T101	C0030705
28209183	887	905	under-virilisation	T046	C0042755
28209183	921	925	male	T032	C0086582
28209183	926	934	patients	T101	C0030705
28209183	959	977	under-virilisation	T046	C0042755
28209183	992	1000	variants	T080	C0205419
28209183	1010	1013	CHH	T047	C0271623
28209183	1014	1019	genes	T028	C0017337
28209183	1050	1058	patients	T101	C0030705
28209183	1063	1074	hypospadias	T047	C0848558
28209183	1094	1102	variants	T080	C0205419
28209183	1106	1109	CHH	T047	C0271623
28209183	1110	1115	genes	T028	C0017337
28209183	1131	1137	PROKR2	T028	C1826705
28209183	1139	1144	PROK2	T028	C1425527
28209183	1146	1151	WDR11	T028	C1823190
28209183	1156	1161	FGFR1	T028	C0919509
28209183	1167	1171	CHD7	T028	C1427038
28209183	1191	1209	under-virilisation	T046	C0042755
28209183	1210	1220	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28209183	1231	1242	hypospadias	T047	C0848558
28209183	1246	1255	Indonesia	T083	C0021247

28209454|t|Treatment of Carcinoma In Situ of the Glans Penis With Topical Imiquimod Followed by Carbon Dioxide Laser Excision
28209454|a|Different approaches have been described in published studies for carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the glans penis (erythroplasia of Queyrat), including topical chemotherapy or immunotherapy and laser or surgical excision. We evaluated the efficacy of topical imiquimod (IQ) followed by carbon dioxide laser ablation of the lesion. From 2010 to 2015, 10 patients affected by CIS of the glans were treated by IQ, followed by carbon dioxide laser ablation. For every patient, we performed histologic examination before and after IQ. Local toxicity and adverse effects were recorded. After treatment, histologic examination showed no residual tumor in 6 patients (complete response [CR]), stable disease in 2 patients, and progressive disease in 2 patients. Those with a CR had human papillomavirus - related lesions, and they had no experienced relapses after a mean follow-up of 26 months. The 2 patients with progressive disease underwent total penectomy. All patients were alive at the last follow-up examination. All patients experienced a mild local toxicity (burning erythema) but no major adverse effects. Local treatment with IQ for glans CIS is effective mainly for human papillomavirus - related lesions. The present study is the first to record the histologic examination findings before and after IQ treatment. The small number of patients, owing to the rarity of this disease, was the main limitation of the present study. IQ must be used carefully, and a close follow-up protocol is mandatory because of the lack of long-term efficacy data.
28209454	0	9	Treatment	T169	C0039798
28209454	13	49	Carcinoma In Situ of the Glans Penis	T191	C0686217
28209454	55	72	Topical Imiquimod	T200	C3215046
28209454	85	105	Carbon Dioxide Laser	T074	C0392251
28209454	106	114	Excision	T061	C0728940
28209454	115	124	Different	T080	C1705242
28209454	125	135	approaches	T169	C1292724
28209454	146	155	described	T078	C1552738
28209454	181	223	carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the glans penis	T191	C0686217
28209454	225	249	erythroplasia of Queyrat	T191	C0154089
28209454	252	261	including	T169	C0332257
28209454	262	282	topical chemotherapy	T061	C1519552
28209454	286	299	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083
28209454	304	309	laser	UnknownType	C0441543
28209454	313	330	surgical excision	T061	C0728940
28209454	335	344	evaluated	T061	C0728940
28209454	349	357	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28209454	361	378	topical imiquimod	T200	C3215046
28209454	380	382	IQ	T200	C3215046
28209454	396	416	carbon dioxide laser	T074	C0392251
28209454	417	425	ablation	T061	C0348007
28209454	433	439	lesion	T033	C0221198
28209454	463	480	patients affected	T080	C0522476
28209454	484	487	CIS	T191	C0686217
28209454	495	500	glans	T023	C1550261
28209454	506	513	treated	T061	C0332293
28209454	517	519	IQ	T200	C3215046
28209454	533	553	carbon dioxide laser	T074	C0392251
28209454	554	562	ablation	T061	C0348007
28209454	574	581	patient	T101	C0030705
28209454	586	595	performed	T169	C0884358
28209454	596	618	histologic examination	T059	C0019637
28209454	619	625	before	T079	C0332152
28209454	630	635	after	T079	C0687676
28209454	636	638	IQ	T200	C3215046
28209454	646	654	toxicity	T037	C0013221
28209454	659	674	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28209454	690	705	After treatment	T079	C2709088
28209454	707	729	histologic examination	T059	C0019637
28209454	737	754	no residual tumor	T034	C0332652
28209454	760	768	patients	T101	C0030705
28209454	770	787	complete response	T033	C4050307
28209454	789	791	CR	T033	C4050307
28209454	795	809	stable disease	T033	C0677946
28209454	815	823	patients	T101	C0030705
28209454	829	848	progressive disease	T047	C1335499
28209454	854	862	patients	T101	C0030705
28209454	877	879	CR	T033	C4050307
28209454	884	904	human papillomavirus	T005	C0021344
28209454	907	914	related	T080	C0439849
28209454	915	922	lesions	T033	C0221198
28209454	937	939	no	T033	C1513916
28209454	952	960	relapses	T067	C0035020
28209454	961	966	after	T079	C0687676
28209454	974	983	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28209454	990	996	months	T079	C0439231
28209454	1004	1012	patients	T101	C0030705
28209454	1018	1037	progressive disease	T047	C1335499
28209454	1054	1063	penectomy	T061	C0194708
28209454	1069	1077	patients	T101	C0030705
28209454	1083	1088	alive	T033	C2584946
28209454	1101	1122	follow-up examination	T033	C0260832
28209454	1128	1136	patients	T101	C0030705
28209454	1151	1155	mild	T080	C2945599
28209454	1162	1170	toxicity	T037	C0013221
28209454	1172	1188	burning erythema	T184	C0085624
28209454	1194	1196	no	T033	C1513916
28209454	1197	1202	major	T080	C0205164
28209454	1203	1218	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28209454	1226	1235	treatment	T169	C0039798
28209454	1241	1243	IQ	T200	C3215046
28209454	1248	1253	glans	T023	C1550261
28209454	1254	1257	CIS	T191	C0686217
28209454	1261	1270	effective	T080	C1704419
28209454	1282	1302	human papillomavirus	T005	C0021344
28209454	1305	1312	related	T080	C0439849
28209454	1313	1320	lesions	T033	C0221198
28209454	1367	1389	histologic examination	T059	C0019637
28209454	1399	1405	before	T079	C0332152
28209454	1410	1415	after	T079	C0687676
28209454	1416	1418	IQ	T200	C3215046
28209454	1419	1428	treatment	T169	C0039798
28209454	1450	1458	patients	T101	C0030705
28209454	1473	1479	rarity	T080	C0522498
28209454	1488	1495	disease	T047	C0012634
28209454	1510	1520	limitation	T169	C0449295
28209454	1543	1545	IQ	T200	C3215046
28209454	1582	1591	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28209454	1592	1600	protocol	T170	C0442711
28209454	1604	1613	mandatory	T061	C0683517
28209454	1629	1633	lack	T080	C0332268
28209454	1637	1646	long-term	T079	C0443252
28209454	1647	1655	efficacy	T080	C1280519

28209459|t|Progressive subcortical calcifications secondary to venous hypertension in an intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula
28209459|a|Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVF) are acquired lesions, with the most commonly reported findings on CT haemorrhage or focal oedema. We describe a case of progressive subcortical calcification on CT secondary to venous hypertension from a high grade dAVF.
28209459	0	11	Progressive	T169	C0205329
28209459	12	23	subcortical	T029	C0815275
28209459	24	38	calcifications	T042	C1533591
28209459	52	71	venous hypertension	T047	C0340766
28209459	78	90	intracranial	T029	C0524466
28209459	91	118	dural arteriovenous fistula	T190	C0752156
28209459	119	131	Intracranial	T029	C0524466
28209459	132	160	dural arteriovenous fistulas	T190	C0752156
28209459	162	166	dAVF	T190	C0752156
28209459	172	188	acquired lesions	T033	C1711164
28209459	213	221	reported	T058	C0700287
28209459	222	230	findings	T033	C0243095
28209459	234	236	CT	T060	C0040405
28209459	237	248	haemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28209459	252	264	focal oedema	T046	C0006114
28209459	288	299	progressive	T169	C0205329
28209459	300	311	subcortical	T029	C0815275
28209459	312	325	calcification	T042	C1533591
28209459	329	331	CT	T060	C0040405
28209459	345	364	venous hypertension	T047	C0340766
28209459	383	387	dAVF	T190	C0752156

28209658|t|Relevance of ID3 - TCF3 - CCND3 pathway mutations in pediatric aggressive B-cell lymphoma treated according to the NHL-BFM protocols
28209658|a|Mature B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is the most common subtype of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood and adolescence. B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma are further classified into histological subtypes, with Burkitt lymphoma and Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma being the most common subgroups in pediatric patients. Translocations involving the MYC oncogene are known as relevant but not sufficient hit for Burkitt lymphoma pathogenesis. Recently published large-scale next-generation sequencing studies unveiled sets of additional recurrently mutated genes in samples of pediatric and adult B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. ID3, TCF3 and CCND3 are potential drivers of Burkitt-lymphomagenesis. In the present study frequency and clinical relevance of mutations in ID3, TCF3 and CCND3 were analyzed within a well-defined cohort of 84 uniformly diagnosed and treated pediatric B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster group (NHL-BFM). Mutation frequency was 78% (ID3), 13% (TCF3) and 36% (CCND3) in Burkitt lymphoma (including Burkitt leukemia). ID3 and CCND3 mutations were associated with more advanced stages of the disease in MYC rearrangement positive Burkitt lymphoma. In conclusion ID3 - TCF3 - CCND3 pathway genes are mutated in more than 88% of MYC - rearranged pediatric B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and the pathway may represent a highly relevant second hit of Burkitt lymphoma pathogenesis especially in children and adolescents.
28209658	0	9	Relevance	T080	C2347946
28209658	13	16	ID3	T028	C1415856
28209658	19	23	TCF3	T028	C1336596
28209658	26	31	CCND3	T028	C1413175
28209658	32	49	pathway mutations	T045	C0026882
28209658	53	62	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28209658	63	89	aggressive B-cell lymphoma	T191	C0079731
28209658	90	97	treated	T169	C1522326
28209658	115	132	NHL-BFM protocols	T061	C0040808
28209658	133	167	Mature B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	T191	C1334634
28209658	187	194	subtype	T185	C0449560
28209658	198	231	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in childhood	T191	C0220612
28209658	236	247	adolescence	T079	C0001578
28209658	249	276	B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	T191	C0079731
28209658	305	326	histological subtypes	T185	C0449560
28209658	333	349	Burkitt lymphoma	T191	C0006413
28209658	354	383	Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma	T191	C0079744
28209658	406	415	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28209658	419	428	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28209658	429	437	patients	T101	C0030705
28209658	439	453	Translocations	T045	C1315049
28209658	468	480	MYC oncogene	T028	C0086661
28209658	530	546	Burkitt lymphoma	T191	C0006413
28209658	547	559	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28209658	580	626	large-scale next-generation sequencing studies	T059	C1294197
28209658	655	666	recurrently	T079	C2945760
28209658	667	680	mutated genes	T028	C0017337
28209658	684	691	samples	T167	C0370003
28209658	695	751	pediatric and adult B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients	T101	C1516213
28209658	753	756	ID3	T028	C1415856
28209658	758	762	TCF3	T028	C1336596
28209658	767	772	CCND3	T028	C1413175
28209658	798	821	Burkitt-lymphomagenesis	T191	C0598766
28209658	844	853	frequency	T080	C3178846
28209658	858	876	clinical relevance	T080	C2347946
28209658	880	889	mutations	T045	C0026882
28209658	893	896	ID3	T028	C1415856
28209658	898	902	TCF3	T028	C1336596
28209658	907	912	CCND3	T028	C1413175
28209658	949	955	cohort	T098	C0599755
28209658	986	993	treated	T169	C1522326
28209658	994	1040	pediatric B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients	T101	C1516213
28209658	1048	1078	Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster group	T185	C0008902
28209658	1080	1087	NHL-BFM	T185	C0008902
28209658	1090	1108	Mutation frequency	T080	C3178846
28209658	1118	1121	ID3	T028	C1415856
28209658	1129	1133	TCF3	T028	C1336596
28209658	1144	1149	CCND3	T028	C1413175
28209658	1154	1170	Burkitt lymphoma	T191	C0006413
28209658	1182	1198	Burkitt leukemia	T191	C0006413
28209658	1201	1204	ID3	T028	C1415856
28209658	1209	1214	CCND3	T028	C1413175
28209658	1215	1224	mutations	T045	C0026882
28209658	1230	1245	associated with	T080	C0332281
28209658	1260	1281	stages of the disease	T060	C0699749
28209658	1285	1288	MYC	T028	C0086661
28209658	1289	1328	rearrangement positive Burkitt lymphoma	T191	C0006413
28209658	1344	1347	ID3	T028	C1415856
28209658	1350	1354	TCF3	T028	C1336596
28209658	1357	1362	CCND3	T028	C1413175
28209658	1371	1376	genes	T028	C0017337
28209658	1409	1412	MYC	T028	C0086661
28209658	1415	1463	rearranged pediatric B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	T191	C0079731
28209658	1472	1479	pathway	T077	C1705987
28209658	1526	1542	Burkitt lymphoma	T191	C0006413
28209658	1543	1555	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28209658	1570	1578	children	T100	C0008059
28209658	1583	1594	adolescents	T100	C0205653

28209945|t|Effects of Static Cold Storage and Hypothermic Machine Perfusion on Oxidative Stress Factors, Adhesion Molecules, and Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Proteins Before and After Liver Transplantation
28209945|a|BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the effects of static cold storage (SCS) and hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) on the oxidative stress factors (OSF), adhesion molecules (AM), and zinc finger transcription factor (Snail) before and after liver transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Experimental dogs were randomly divided into donor (group A), SCS (group B), and HMP (group C) (n=30) groups. Livers retrieved from group A were transplanted into group B after SCS, and the livers sampled from group B were transplanted into group C after HMP. The dogs in group A were euthanized and discarded, and the livers sampled from group C were used for other experiments. Twenty dogs with successful liver transplants were randomly selected from groups B and C for analysis. RESULTS During the liver sampling process, the levels of OSF, AM, and Snail between the 2 groups showed no significant differences (P>0.05); before the transplantation, the levels of chemokine CXCL14 and Snail between the 2 groups showed no significant differences (P>0.05), and compared with group B, HIF-1α and P-selectin in group C were lower (P<0.01); 60 min after the transplantation, HIF-1α, chemokine CXCL14, P-selectin, and Snail in group C were lower than that in group B (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS HMP can significantly reduce the levels of OSF and inflammatory factors, which is conducive for liver transplantation.
28209945	11	30	Static Cold Storage	T059	C0010405
28209945	35	64	Hypothermic Machine Perfusion	T061	C0193410
28209945	68	92	Oxidative Stress Factors	T059	C0696141
28209945	94	112	Adhesion Molecules	T116,T123	C1720822
28209945	118	159	Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Proteins	T116	C2700330
28209945	177	198	Liver Transplantation	T061	C0023911
28209945	257	276	static cold storage	T059	C0010405
28209945	278	281	SCS	T059	C0010405
28209945	287	316	hypothermic machine perfusion	T061	C0193410
28209945	318	321	HMP	T061	C0193410
28209945	330	354	oxidative stress factors	T059	C0696141
28209945	356	359	OSF	T059	C0696141
28209945	362	380	adhesion molecules	T116,T123	C1720822
28209945	382	384	AM	T116,T123	C1720822
28209945	391	423	zinc finger transcription factor	T116	C2700330
28209945	425	430	Snail	T116	C2700330
28209945	449	470	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911
28209945	506	510	dogs	T015	C0012984
28209945	538	543	donor	T058	C0262458
28209945	545	550	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	555	558	SCS	T059	C0010405
28209945	560	565	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	574	577	HMP	T061	C0193410
28209945	579	584	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	595	601	groups	T078	C0441833
28209945	603	619	Livers retrieved	T061	C0023911
28209945	625	630	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	638	650	transplanted	T061	C0023911
28209945	656	661	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	670	673	SCS	T059	C0010405
28209945	683	689	livers	T023	C0023884
28209945	703	708	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	716	728	transplanted	T061	C0023911
28209945	734	739	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	748	751	HMP	T061	C0193410
28209945	765	770	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	778	788	euthanized	T058	C3686530
28209945	812	818	livers	T023	C0023884
28209945	832	837	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	880	884	dogs	T015	C0012984
28209945	901	918	liver transplants	T061	C0023911
28209945	947	953	groups	T078	C0441833
28209945	995	1000	liver	T023	C0023884
28209945	1001	1017	sampling process	T062,T170	C0036150
28209945	1033	1036	OSF	T059	C0696141
28209945	1038	1040	AM	T116,T123	C1720822
28209945	1066	1072	groups	T078	C0441833
28209945	1080	1106	no significant differences	T033	C3842396
28209945	1128	1143	transplantation	T061	C0040732
28209945	1159	1175	chemokine CXCL14	T116,T123	C3180772
28209945	1180	1185	Snail	T116	C2700330
28209945	1200	1206	groups	T078	C0441833
28209945	1214	1240	no significant differences	T033	C3842396
28209945	1269	1274	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	1289	1299	P-selectin	T116,T129	C0134835
28209945	1303	1308	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	1349	1364	transplantation	T061	C0040732
28209945	1366	1372	HIF-1α	T116,T123	C1528324
28209945	1374	1390	chemokine CXCL14	T116,T123	C3180772
28209945	1392	1402	P-selectin	T116,T129	C0134835
28209945	1408	1413	Snail	T116	C2700330
28209945	1417	1422	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	1449	1454	group	T078	C0441833
28209945	1479	1482	HMP	T061	C0193410
28209945	1522	1525	OSF	T059	C0696141
28209945	1530	1550	inflammatory factors	T169	C0333348
28209945	1561	1570	conducive	T033	C0243095
28209945	1575	1596	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911

28210010|t|Evaluation and Treatment of Anemia in Premature Infants
28210010|a|Anemia in preterm infants is the pathophysiological process with greater and more rapid decline in hemoglobin compared to the physiological anemia in infants. There is a need for transfusions and administration of human recombinant erythropoietin. To determine the frequency of anemia in premature infants at the Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center Sarajevo, as well as parameter values in the blood count of premature infants and to explore a relationship between blood transfusions with the advent of intraventricular hemorrhage (determine treatment outcome in preterm infants). Research is retrospective study and it included the period of six months in year 2014. Research included 100 patients, gestational age < 37 weeks (premature infants). Data were collected by examining the medical records of patients at the Pediatric Clinic, UCCS. The first group of patients were premature infants of gestational age ≤ 32 weeks (62/100) and the second group were premature infants of gestational age 33-37 weeks (38/100). Among the patients, 5% were boys and 46% girls. There was significant difference in birth weight and APGAR score among the groups. In the first group, there were 27.42% of deaths, while in the second group, there were only 10.53% of deaths. There was a significant difference in the length of treatment. There was a statistically significant difference in the need for transfusion among the groups. 18 patients in the first group required a transfusion, while in the second group only 3 patients. Preterm infants of gestational age ≤ 32 weeks are likely candidates for blood transfusion during treatment. Preterm infants of gestational age ≤ 32 weeks have the risk of intracranial bleeding associated with the application of blood transfusion in the first week of life.
28210010	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28210010	15	24	Treatment	T169	C0039798
28210010	28	34	Anemia	T047	C0002871
28210010	38	55	Premature Infants	T047	C0021294
28210010	56	62	Anemia	T047	C0002871
28210010	66	81	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28210010	89	107	pathophysiological	T169	C0031847
28210010	108	115	process	T067	C1522240
28210010	144	151	decline	T081	C0282251
28210010	155	165	hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
28210010	166	174	compared	T052	C1707455
28210010	182	195	physiological	T169	C0205463
28210010	196	202	anemia	T047	C0002871
28210010	206	213	infants	T100	C0021270
28210010	235	247	transfusions	T061	C0005841
28210010	252	266	administration	T061	C1533734
28210010	270	302	human recombinant erythropoietin	T116,T121	C0376541
28210010	307	316	determine	T078	C0205258
28210010	321	330	frequency	T079	C0439603
28210010	334	340	anemia	T047	C0002871
28210010	344	361	premature infants	T047	C0021294
28210010	369	422	Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center Sarajevo	T073,T093	C3839701
28210010	435	451	parameter values	T077	C0549193
28210010	459	470	blood count	T059	C0005771
28210010	474	491	premature infants	T047	C0021294
28210010	509	521	relationship	T080	C0439849
28210010	530	548	blood transfusions	T061	C0005841
28210010	568	595	intraventricular hemorrhage	T046	C0240059
28210010	597	606	determine	T078	C0205258
28210010	607	616	treatment	T169	C0039798
28210010	628	643	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28210010	646	654	Research	T062	C0035168
28210010	658	677	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28210010	698	704	period	T079	C0439531
28210010	712	718	months	T079	C0439231
28210010	722	726	year	T079	C0439234
28210010	733	741	Research	T062	C0035168
28210010	755	763	patients	T101	C0030705
28210010	765	780	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28210010	786	791	weeks	T079	C0439230
28210010	793	810	premature infants	T047	C0021294
28210010	813	817	Data	T078	C1511726
28210010	823	832	collected	T078	C1516695
28210010	836	845	examining	T033	C0332128
28210010	850	865	medical records	T170	C0025102
28210010	869	877	patients	T101	C0030705
28210010	885	907	Pediatric Clinic, UCCS	T073,T093	C3839701
28210010	913	918	first	T081	C0205435
28210010	919	924	group	T078	C0441833
28210010	928	936	patients	T101	C0030705
28210010	942	959	premature infants	T047	C0021294
28210010	963	978	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28210010	984	989	weeks	T079	C0439230
28210010	1007	1013	second	T081	C0205436
28210010	1014	1019	group	T078	C0441833
28210010	1025	1042	premature infants	T047	C0021294
28210010	1046	1061	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28210010	1068	1073	weeks	T079	C0439230
28210010	1094	1102	patients	T101	C0030705
28210010	1112	1116	boys	T100	C0870221
28210010	1125	1130	girls	T100	C0870604
28210010	1142	1164	significant difference	T081	C1705241
28210010	1168	1180	birth weight	T032	C0005612
28210010	1185	1196	APGAR score	T032	C0003533
28210010	1207	1213	groups	T078	C0441833
28210010	1222	1227	first	T081	C0205435
28210010	1228	1233	group	T078	C0441833
28210010	1256	1262	deaths	T033	C1306577
28210010	1277	1283	second	T081	C0205436
28210010	1284	1289	group	T078	C0441833
28210010	1317	1323	deaths	T033	C1306577
28210010	1337	1359	significant difference	T081	C1705241
28210010	1377	1386	treatment	T169	C0039798
28210010	1400	1425	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28210010	1426	1436	difference	T081	C1705241
28210010	1453	1464	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28210010	1475	1481	groups	T078	C0441833
28210010	1486	1494	patients	T101	C0030705
28210010	1502	1507	first	T081	C0205435
28210010	1508	1513	group	T078	C0441833
28210010	1525	1536	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28210010	1551	1557	second	T081	C0205436
28210010	1558	1563	group	T078	C0441833
28210010	1571	1579	patients	T101	C0030705
28210010	1581	1596	Preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28210010	1600	1615	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28210010	1621	1626	weeks	T079	C0439230
28210010	1638	1648	candidates	T101	C0030705
28210010	1653	1670	blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28210010	1678	1687	treatment	T169	C0039798
28210010	1689	1704	Preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28210010	1708	1723	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28210010	1729	1734	weeks	T079	C0439230
28210010	1744	1748	risk	T078	C0035647
28210010	1752	1773	intracranial bleeding	T047	C0151699
28210010	1774	1789	associated with	T080	C0332281
28210010	1794	1805	application	T058	C0185125
28210010	1809	1826	blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28210010	1840	1844	week	T079	C0439230
28210010	1848	1852	life	T078	C0376558

28210319|t|Physiology of respiratory disturbances in muscular dystrophies
28210319|a|Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited myopathies characterised by progressive skeletal muscle wasting, including of the respiratory muscles. Respiratory failure, i.e. when the respiratory system fails in its gas exchange functions, is a common feature in muscular dystrophy, being the main cause of death, and it is a consequence of lung failure, pump failure or a combination of the two. The former is due to recurrent aspiration, the latter to progressive weakness of respiratory muscles and an increase in the load against which they must contract. In fact, both the resistive and elastic components of the work of breathing increase due to airway obstruction and chest wall and lung stiffening, respectively. The respiratory disturbances in muscular dystrophy are restrictive pulmonary function, hypoventilation, altered thoracoabdominal pattern, hypercapnia, dyspnoea, impaired regulation of breathing, inefficient cough and sleep disordered breathing. They can be present at different rates according to the type of muscular dystrophy and its progression, leading to different onset of each symptom, prognosis and degree of respiratory involvement. A common feature of muscular dystrophy is respiratory failure, i.e. the inability of the respiratory system to provide proper oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination .In the lung, respiratory failure is caused by recurrent aspiration, and leads to hypoxaemia and hypercarbia. Ventilatory failure in muscular dystrophy is caused by increased respiratory load and respiratory muscles weakness. Respiratory load increases in muscular dystrophy because scoliosis makes chest wall compliance decrease, atelectasis and fibrosis make lung compliance decrease, and airway obstruction makes airway resistance increase .The consequences of respiratory pump failure are restrictive pulmonary function, hypoventilation, altered thoracoabdominal pattern, hypercapnia, dyspnoea, impaired regulation of breathing, inefficient cough and sleep disordered breathing. To understand the mechanisms leading to respiratory disturbances in patients with muscular dystrophy .To understand the impact of respiratory disturbances in patients with muscular dystrophy .To provide a brief description of the main forms of muscular dystrophy with their respiratory implications.
28210319	0	10	Physiology	T039	C0031843
28210319	14	38	respiratory disturbances	T033	C4314646
28210319	42	62	muscular dystrophies	T047	C0026850
28210319	63	81	Muscular dystrophy	T047	C0026850
28210319	106	116	myopathies	T047	C0026848
28210319	134	145	progressive	T169	C0205329
28210319	146	169	skeletal muscle wasting	T046	C0541794
28210319	188	207	respiratory muscles	T023	C0035231
28210319	209	228	Respiratory failure	T047	C1145670
28210319	244	262	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
28210319	263	268	fails	T169	C0231175
28210319	276	298	gas exchange functions	UnknownType	C0678852
28210319	312	319	feature	T080	C2348519
28210319	323	341	muscular dystrophy	T047	C0026850
28210319	367	372	death	T033	C1306577
28210319	386	400	consequence of	T169	C0686907
28210319	401	405	lung	T023	C0024109
28210319	406	413	failure	T047	C1145670
28210319	415	427	pump failure	T047	C1145670
28210319	478	487	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28210319	488	498	aspiration	T046	C0700198
28210319	514	525	progressive	T169	C0205329
28210319	526	557	weakness of respiratory muscles	T033	C1836141
28210319	565	573	increase	T169	C0442805
28210319	610	618	contract	UnknownType	C0678852
28210319	638	670	resistive and elastic components	T080	C0205556
28210319	686	695	breathing	T039	C0035203
28210319	696	704	increase	T169	C0442805
28210319	712	730	airway obstruction	T047	C0001883
28210319	735	745	chest wall	T023	C0205076
28210319	750	754	lung	T023	C0024109
28210319	755	765	stiffening	T184	C0427008
28210319	785	809	respiratory disturbances	T033	C4314646
28210319	813	831	muscular dystrophy	T047	C0026850
28210319	836	866	restrictive pulmonary function	T033	C3806472
28210319	868	883	hypoventilation	T046	C3203358
28210319	893	909	thoracoabdominal	T082	C0444467
28210319	919	930	hypercapnia	T033	C0020440
28210319	932	940	dyspnoea	T184	C0013404
28210319	942	974	impaired regulation of breathing	UnknownType	C0548979
28210319	976	993	inefficient cough	T033	C0455777
28210319	998	1024	sleep disordered breathing	T047	C0037315
28210319	1090	1108	muscular dystrophy	T047	C0026850
28210319	1117	1128	progression	T046	C0242656
28210319	1165	1172	symptom	T184	C1457887
28210319	1174	1183	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28210319	1188	1221	degree of respiratory involvement	T033	C0243095
28210319	1232	1239	feature	T080	C2348519
28210319	1243	1261	muscular dystrophy	T047	C0026850
28210319	1265	1284	respiratory failure	T047	C1145670
28210319	1312	1330	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
28210319	1349	1360	oxygenation	T042	C0597398
28210319	1365	1391	carbon dioxide elimination	T039	C0221102
28210319	1400	1404	lung	T023	C0024109
28210319	1406	1425	respiratory failure	T047	C1145670
28210319	1439	1448	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28210319	1449	1459	aspiration	T046	C0700198
28210319	1474	1484	hypoxaemia	T033	C0700292
28210319	1489	1500	hypercarbia	T033	C0020440
28210319	1502	1521	Ventilatory failure	T046	C0398353
28210319	1525	1543	muscular dystrophy	T047	C0026850
28210319	1557	1566	increased	T081	C0205217
28210319	1567	1583	respiratory load	T033	C0243095
28210319	1588	1616	respiratory muscles weakness	T033	C1836141
28210319	1618	1634	Respiratory load	T033	C0243095
28210319	1635	1644	increases	T169	C0442805
28210319	1648	1666	muscular dystrophy	T047	C0026850
28210319	1675	1684	scoliosis	T190	C0036439
28210319	1691	1712	chest wall compliance	T034	C0429679
28210319	1713	1721	decrease	T081	C0547047
28210319	1723	1734	atelectasis	T046	C0004144
28210319	1739	1747	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28210319	1753	1768	lung compliance	T042	C0024112
28210319	1769	1777	decrease	T081	C0547047
28210319	1783	1801	airway obstruction	T047	C0001883
28210319	1808	1825	airway resistance	T042	C4048282
28210319	1826	1834	increase	T169	C0442805
28210319	1840	1855	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28210319	1856	1880	respiratory pump failure	T047	C1145670
28210319	1885	1915	restrictive pulmonary function	T033	C3806472
28210319	1917	1932	hypoventilation	T046	C3203358
28210319	1942	1958	thoracoabdominal	T082	C0444467
28210319	1968	1979	hypercapnia	T033	C0020440
28210319	1981	1989	dyspnoea	T184	C0013404
28210319	1991	2023	impaired regulation of breathing	UnknownType	C0548979
28210319	2025	2042	inefficient cough	T033	C0455777
28210319	2047	2073	sleep disordered breathing	T047	C0037315
28210319	2093	2103	mechanisms	T033	C0457994
28210319	2115	2139	respiratory disturbances	T033	C4314646
28210319	2143	2151	patients	T101	C0030705
28210319	2157	2175	muscular dystrophy	T047	C0026850
28210319	2205	2229	respiratory disturbances	T033	C4314646
28210319	2233	2241	patients	T101	C0030705
28210319	2247	2265	muscular dystrophy	T047	C0026850
28210319	2286	2297	description	T170	C3259023
28210319	2319	2337	muscular dystrophy	T047	C0026850
28210319	2349	2373	respiratory implications	T033	C0243095

28210640|t|Muscle Weakness: A Misleading Presentation in Children With Distinctive Syndromic Entities (Clinical Case Reports)
28210640|a|Marked ligamentous hyperlaxity and muscle weakness / wasting associated with awkward gait are the main deficits confused with the diagnosis of myopathy. Seven children (6 boys and 1 girl with an average age of 8 years) were referred to our department because of diverse forms of skeletal abnormalities. No definitive diagnosis was made, and all underwent a series of sophisticated investigations in other institutes in favor of myopathy. We applied our methodology through the clinical and radiographic phenotypes followed by targeted genotypic confirmation. Three children (2 boys and 1 girl) were compatible with the diagnosis of progressive pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia. The genetic mutation was correlated with the WISP 3 gene actively expressed by articular chondrocytes and located on chromosome 6. Klinefelter syndrome was the diagnosis in 2 boys. Karyotyping confirmed 47,XXY (aneuploidy of Klinefelter syndrome). And 2 boys were finally diagnosed with Morquio syndrome (MPS type IV A) as both showed missense mutations in the N-acetylgalactosamine-sulfate sulfatase gene. Misdiagnosis can lead to the initiation of a long list of sophisticated investigations.
28210640	0	15	Muscle Weakness	T184	C0151786
28210640	19	42	Misleading Presentation	T078	C0449450
28210640	46	54	Children	T100	C0008059
28210640	60	90	Distinctive Syndromic Entities	T184	C0037088
28210640	92	100	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28210640	101	113	Case Reports	T170	C0085973
28210640	122	145	ligamentous hyperlaxity	T046	C0158359
28210640	150	165	muscle weakness	T184	C0151786
28210640	168	175	wasting	T046	C0026846
28210640	192	204	awkward gait	T033	C0016928
28210640	218	226	deficits	T080	C2987487
28210640	245	254	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28210640	258	266	myopathy	T047	C0026848
28210640	274	282	children	T100	C0008059
28210640	286	290	boys	T100	C0870221
28210640	297	301	girl	T100	C0870604
28210640	318	321	age	T032	C0001779
28210640	327	332	years	T079	C0439234
28210640	394	416	skeletal abnormalities	T190	C4021790
28210640	432	441	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28210640	472	478	series	T081	C0205549
28210640	482	510	sophisticated investigations	T060	C0430022
28210640	520	530	institutes	T092	C0021622
28210640	543	551	myopathy	T047	C0026848
28210640	568	579	methodology	T078	C3266812
28210640	592	600	clinical	T080	C0205210
28210640	605	628	radiographic phenotypes	T060	C0430022
28210640	641	672	targeted genotypic confirmation	T059	C1285573
28210640	680	688	children	T100	C0008059
28210640	692	696	boys	T100	C0870221
28210640	703	707	girl	T100	C0870604
28210640	714	724	compatible	T080	C1524057
28210640	734	743	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28210640	747	792	progressive pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia	T019	C0432215
28210640	798	814	genetic mutation	T045	C0026882
28210640	819	829	correlated	T080	C1707520
28210640	839	850	WISP 3 gene	T028	C1421509
28210640	860	869	expressed	T045	C0017262
28210640	873	895	articular chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28210640	911	923	chromosome 6	T026	C0008669
28210640	925	945	Klinefelter syndrome	T047	C0022735
28210640	954	963	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28210640	969	973	boys	T100	C0870221
28210640	975	986	Karyotyping	T062	C0022526
28210640	997	1003	47,XXY	T047	C0022735
28210640	1005	1015	aneuploidy	T049	C0002938
28210640	1019	1039	Klinefelter syndrome	T047	C0022735
28210640	1048	1052	boys	T100	C0870221
28210640	1066	1075	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28210640	1081	1097	Morquio syndrome	T047	C0086651
28210640	1098	1112	(MPS type IV A	T047	C0086651
28210640	1129	1147	missense mutations	T045	C0599155
28210640	1155	1199	N-acetylgalactosamine-sulfate sulfatase gene	T028	C1414950
28210640	1201	1213	Misdiagnosis	T033	C0679838
28210640	1259	1287	sophisticated investigations	T060	C0430022

28210659|t|Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Femoral Tunnel Accuracy: Relationship to Disease - Specific Quality of Life
28210659|a|Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is a procedure aimed to reestablish the checkrein to lateral patellar translation in patients with symptomatic patellofemoral instability. Correct femoral tunnel position is thought to be crucial to successful MPFL reconstruction, but the accuracy of this statement in terms of patient outcomes has not been tested. To assess the accuracy of femoral tunnel placement in an MPFL reconstruction cohort and to determine the correlation between tunnel accuracy and a validated disease - specific, patient -reported quality-of-life outcome measure. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Between June 2008 and February 2014, a total of 206 subjects underwent an MPFL reconstruction. Lateral radiographs were measured to determine the accuracy of the femoral tunnel by measuring the distance from the center of the femoral tunnel to the Schöttle point. Banff Patella Instability Instrument (BPII) scores were collected a mean 24 months postoperatively. A total of 155 (79.5%) subjects had adequate postoperative lateral radiographs and complete BPII scores. The mean duration of follow-up (± SD) was 24.4 ± 8.2 months (range, 12-74 months). Measurement from the center of the femoral tunnel to the Schöttle point resulted in 143 (92.3%) tunnel s being categorized as " good " or " ideal ." There were 8 failures in the cohort, none of which occurred in malpositioned tunnels. The mean distance from the center of the MPFL tunnel to the center of the Schöttle point was 5.9 ± 4.2 mm (range, 0.5-25.9 mm). The mean postoperative BPII score was 65.2 ± 22.5 (range, 9.2-100). Pearson r correlation demonstrated no statistically significant relationship between accuracy of femoral tunnel position and BPII score (r = -0.08; 95% CI, -0.24 to 0.08). There was no evidence of a correlation between the accuracy of MPFL reconstruction femoral tunnel in relation to the Schöttle point and disease - specific quality-of-life scores. Graft failure was not related to femoral tunnel placement. The patellofemoral instability population is complex, and patients present with multiple risk factors that, in addition to the accuracy of femoral tunnel position, contribute to quality of life and warrant further investigation.
28210659	0	30	Medial Patellofemoral Ligament	T023	C4254914
28210659	31	45	Reconstruction	T061	C0547071
28210659	46	53	Femoral	T023	C0015811
28210659	54	60	Tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	61	69	Accuracy	T080	C0443131
28210659	87	94	Disease	T047	C0012634
28210659	97	105	Specific	T080	C0205369
28210659	106	121	Quality of Life	T078	C0034380
28210659	122	152	Medial patellofemoral ligament	T023	C4254914
28210659	154	158	MPFL	T023	C4254914
28210659	160	174	reconstruction	T061	C0547071
28210659	228	256	lateral patellar translation	T037	C0559397
28210659	260	268	patients	T101	C0030705
28210659	274	312	symptomatic patellofemoral instability	T037	C0856775
28210659	322	329	femoral	T023	C0015811
28210659	330	336	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	337	345	position	T082	C0733755
28210659	385	389	MPFL	T023	C4254914
28210659	390	404	reconstruction	T061	C0547071
28210659	414	422	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28210659	453	469	patient outcomes	T058	C0030698
28210659	505	513	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28210659	517	524	femoral	T023	C0015811
28210659	525	531	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	532	541	placement	T058	C1533810
28210659	548	552	MPFL	T023	C4254914
28210659	553	567	reconstruction	T061	C0547071
28210659	568	574	cohort	T098	C0599755
28210659	596	607	correlation	T080	C1707520
28210659	616	622	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	623	631	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28210659	638	647	validated	T062	C1519941
28210659	648	655	disease	T047	C0012634
28210659	658	666	specific	T080	C0205369
28210659	668	675	patient	T101	C0030705
28210659	686	701	quality-of-life	T078	C0034380
28210659	702	717	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
28210659	762	766	June	T079	C3829443
28210659	776	784	February	T080	C3830166
28210659	806	814	subjects	T098	C0080105
28210659	828	832	MPFL	T023	C4254914
28210659	833	847	reconstruction	T061	C0547071
28210659	849	856	Lateral	T082	C0205093
28210659	857	868	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28210659	900	908	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28210659	916	923	femoral	T023	C0015811
28210659	924	930	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	980	987	femoral	T023	C0015811
28210659	988	994	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	1002	1016	Schöttle point	T082	C1254362
28210659	1018	1068	Banff Patella Instability Instrument (BPII) scores	T081	C0086749
28210659	1086	1090	mean	T081	C0444504
28210659	1094	1100	months	T079	C0439231
28210659	1101	1116	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28210659	1163	1176	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28210659	1177	1184	lateral	T082	C0205093
28210659	1185	1196	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28210659	1210	1221	BPII scores	T081	C0086749
28210659	1227	1231	mean	T081	C0444504
28210659	1232	1240	duration	T079	C0449238
28210659	1244	1253	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28210659	1257	1259	SD	T081	C0871420
28210659	1276	1282	months	T079	C0439231
28210659	1297	1303	months	T079	C0439231
28210659	1306	1317	Measurement	T169	C0242485
28210659	1327	1333	center	T082	C0205099
28210659	1341	1348	femoral	T023	C0015811
28210659	1349	1355	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	1363	1377	Schöttle point	T082	C1254362
28210659	1402	1408	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	1434	1438	good	T080	C0205170
28210659	1446	1451	ideal	T080	C1512612
28210659	1468	1476	failures	T046	C1262018
28210659	1484	1490	cohort	T098	C0599755
28210659	1518	1531	malpositioned	T082	C0333042
28210659	1532	1539	tunnels	T082	C1254362
28210659	1545	1549	mean	T081	C0444504
28210659	1568	1574	center	T082	C0205099
28210659	1582	1586	MPFL	T023	C4254914
28210659	1587	1593	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	1601	1607	center	T082	C0205099
28210659	1615	1629	Schöttle point	T082	C1254362
28210659	1673	1677	mean	T081	C0444504
28210659	1678	1691	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28210659	1692	1702	BPII score	T081	C0086749
28210659	1737	1758	Pearson r correlation	T170	C1709490
28210659	1772	1800	no statistically significant	T033	C1273937
28210659	1801	1813	relationship	T080	C0439849
28210659	1822	1830	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28210659	1834	1841	femoral	T023	C0015811
28210659	1842	1848	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	1849	1857	position	T082	C0733755
28210659	1862	1872	BPII score	T081	C0086749
28210659	1919	1933	no evidence of	T080	C0332125
28210659	1936	1947	correlation	T080	C1707520
28210659	1960	1968	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28210659	1972	1976	MPFL	T023	C4254914
28210659	1977	1991	reconstruction	T061	C0547071
28210659	1992	1999	femoral	T023	C0015811
28210659	2000	2006	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	2026	2040	Schöttle point	T082	C1254362
28210659	2045	2052	disease	T047	C0012634
28210659	2055	2063	specific	T080	C0205369
28210659	2064	2086	quality-of-life scores	T080	C3476431
28210659	2088	2101	Graft failure	T046	C1262018
28210659	2121	2128	femoral	T023	C0015811
28210659	2129	2135	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	2136	2145	placement	T058	C1533810
28210659	2151	2177	patellofemoral instability	T037	C0856775
28210659	2205	2213	patients	T101	C0030705
28210659	2236	2248	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28210659	2274	2282	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28210659	2294	2300	tunnel	T082	C1254362
28210659	2301	2309	position	T082	C0733755
28210659	2325	2340	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28210659	2361	2374	investigation	T058	C0220825

28210819|t|Evidence for instructions -based updating of task-set representations: the informed fadeout effect
28210819|a|The cognitive system can be updated rapidly and efficiently to maximize performance in cognitive tasks. This paper used a task - switching task to explore updating at the level of the plausible task -sets held for future performance. Previous research suggested a " fadeout effect ", performance improvement when moving from task - switching context to single-task context, yet this effect could reflect passive learning rather than intentional control. In a novel " informed fadeout paradigm ", one of two tasks was canceled for a certain number of trials and participants were informed or uninformed regarding task cancelation. The " informed fadeout effect " indicates better performance in the informed than uninformed fadeout after one informed trial had been executed. However, the results regarding the first trial were inconclusive. Possible underlying mechanisms are discussed.
28210819	13	25	instructions	T065	C0039401
28210819	45	69	task-set representations	T061	C0039333
28210819	75	83	informed	T080	C1522154
28210819	84	98	fadeout effect	T041	C0237614
28210819	103	119	cognitive system	T041	C0392335
28210819	171	182	performance	T061	C0039333
28210819	186	201	cognitive tasks	T041	C0392335
28210819	221	225	task	T057	C3540678
28210819	228	237	switching	T169	C0392747
28210819	238	242	task	T057	C3540678
28210819	270	275	level	T080	C0441889
28210819	293	297	task	T057	C3540678
28210819	320	331	performance	T061	C0039333
28210819	342	350	research	T062	C0035168
28210819	365	379	fadeout effect	T041	C0237614
28210819	383	394	performance	T061	C0039333
28210819	395	406	improvement	T061	C0039333
28210819	424	428	task	T057	C3540678
28210819	431	440	switching	T169	C0392747
28210819	452	463	single-task	T169	C2371306
28210819	503	510	passive	T080	C3686820
28210819	511	519	learning	T041	C0023185
28210819	532	543	intentional	T080	C1283828
28210819	544	551	control	T080	C0243148
28210819	566	574	informed	T080	C1522154
28210819	575	582	fadeout	T078	C0033897
28210819	583	591	paradigm	T062	C0681797
28210819	606	611	tasks	T057	C3540678
28210819	649	655	trials	T062	C0681815
28210819	660	672	participants	T098	C0679646
28210819	678	686	informed	T080	C1522154
28210819	690	700	uninformed	T033	C0562357
28210819	711	715	task	T057	C3540678
28210819	716	727	cancelation	T080	C0205544
28210819	735	743	informed	T080	C1522154
28210819	744	758	fadeout effect	T041	C0237614
28210819	778	789	performance	T061	C0039333
28210819	797	805	informed	T080	C1522154
28210819	811	821	uninformed	T033	C0562357
28210819	822	829	fadeout	T041	C0237614
28210819	840	848	informed	T080	C1522154
28210819	849	854	trial	T062	C0681815
28210819	864	872	executed	T052	C1705848
28210819	915	920	trial	T062	C0681815
28210819	960	970	mechanisms	T169	C0441712

28211020|t|Goal-directed fluid restriction during brain surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial
28211020|a|The value of goal-directed fluid therapy in neurosurgical patients, where brain swelling is a major concern, is unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of an intraoperative goal-directed fluid restriction (GDFR) strategy on the postoperative outcome of high - risk patients undergoing brain surgery. High - risk patients undergoing brain surgery were randomly assigned to a usual care group (control group) or a GDFR group. In the GDFR group, (1) fluid maintenance was restricted to 3 ml/kg/h of a crystalloid solution and (2) colloid boluses were allowed only in case of hypotension associated with a low cardiac index and a high stroke volume variation. The primary outcome variable was ICU length of stay, and secondary outcomes were lactates at the end of surgery, postoperative complications, hospital length of stay, mortality at day 30, and costs. A total of 73 patients from the GDFR group were compared with 72 patients from the control group. Before surgery, the two groups were comparable. During surgery, the GDFR group received less colloid (1.9 ± 1.1 vs. 3.9 ± 1.6 ml/kg/h, p = 0.021) and less crystalloid (3 ± 0 vs. 5.0 ± 2.8 ml/kg/h, p < 0.001) than the control group. ICU length of stay was shorter (3 days [1-5] vs. 6 days [3-11], p = 0.001) and ICU costs were lower in the GDFR group. The total number of complications (46 vs. 99, p = 0.043) and the proportion of patients who developed one or more complications (19.2 vs. 34.7%, p = 0.034) were smaller in the GDFR group. Hospital length of stay and costs, as well as mortality at 30 day, were not significantly reduced. In high - risk patients undergoing brain surgery, intraoperative GDFR was associated with a reduction in ICU length of stay and costs, and a decrease in postoperative morbidity. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-13003583, Registered 20 Aug, 2013.
28211020	0	31	Goal-directed fluid restriction	T061	C0204700
28211020	39	52	brain surgery	T061	C0195775
28211020	68	95	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28211020	109	136	goal-directed fluid therapy	T061	C0204700
28211020	140	162	neurosurgical patients	T101	C0030705
28211020	170	184	brain swelling	T046	C0006114
28211020	232	237	study	T062	C2603343
28211020	245	253	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28211020	258	264	effect	T080	C1280500
28211020	271	285	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28211020	286	317	goal-directed fluid restriction	T061	C0204700
28211020	319	323	GDFR	T061	C0204700
28211020	341	354	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28211020	366	370	high	T080	C0205250
28211020	373	377	risk	T078	C0035647
28211020	378	386	patients	T101	C0030705
28211020	398	411	brain surgery	T061	C0195775
28211020	413	417	High	T080	C0205250
28211020	420	424	risk	T078	C0035647
28211020	425	433	patients	T101	C0030705
28211020	445	458	brain surgery	T061	C0195775
28211020	493	497	care	T055	C0150499
28211020	498	503	group	T078	C0441833
28211020	505	518	control group	T096	C0009932
28211020	525	529	GDFR	T061	C0204700
28211020	530	535	group	T078	C0441833
28211020	544	548	GDFR	T061	C0204700
28211020	549	554	group	T078	C0441833
28211020	560	565	fluid	T031	C0005889
28211020	566	577	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28211020	582	592	restricted	T169	C0443288
28211020	611	631	crystalloid solution	T121	C0056562
28211020	640	655	colloid boluses	T121	C1254351
28211020	685	696	hypotension	T033	C0020649
28211020	697	712	associated with	T080	C0332281
28211020	715	718	low	T080	C0205251
28211020	719	732	cardiac index	T033	C0428776
28211020	739	757	high stroke volume	T033	C0520872
28211020	758	767	variation	T080	C0205419
28211020	802	805	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28211020	806	820	length of stay	T079	C0023303
28211020	850	858	lactates	T109	C0022924
28211020	873	880	surgery	T061	C0543467
28211020	882	895	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28211020	896	909	complications	T046	C0009566
28211020	911	919	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28211020	920	934	length of stay	T079	C0023303
28211020	936	945	mortality	T081	C0178686
28211020	949	952	day	T079	C0439228
28211020	961	966	costs	T081	C0010186
28211020	982	990	patients	T101	C0030705
28211020	1000	1004	GDFR	T061	C0204700
28211020	1005	1010	group	T078	C0441833
28211020	1033	1041	patients	T101	C0030705
28211020	1051	1064	control group	T096	C0009932
28211020	1073	1080	surgery	T061	C0543467
28211020	1090	1096	groups	T078	C0441833
28211020	1121	1128	surgery	T061	C0543467
28211020	1134	1138	GDFR	T061	C0204700
28211020	1139	1144	group	T078	C0441833
28211020	1154	1158	less	T080	C0547044
28211020	1159	1166	colloid	T122	C0009361
28211020	1216	1220	less	T080	C0547044
28211020	1221	1232	crystalloid	T121	C0056562
28211020	1283	1296	control group	T096	C0009932
28211020	1298	1301	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28211020	1302	1316	length of stay	T079	C0023303
28211020	1321	1328	shorter	T081	C1806781
28211020	1332	1336	days	T079	C0439228
28211020	1349	1353	days	T079	C0439228
28211020	1377	1380	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28211020	1381	1386	costs	T081	C0010186
28211020	1392	1397	lower	T080	C0205251
28211020	1405	1409	GDFR	T061	C0204700
28211020	1410	1415	group	T078	C0441833
28211020	1421	1433	total number	T081	C4288115
28211020	1437	1450	complications	T046	C0009566
28211020	1482	1492	proportion	T081	C1709707
28211020	1496	1504	patients	T101	C0030705
28211020	1531	1544	complications	T046	C0009566
28211020	1578	1585	smaller	T080	C0547044
28211020	1593	1597	GDFR	T061	C0204700
28211020	1598	1603	group	T078	C0441833
28211020	1605	1613	Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28211020	1614	1628	length of stay	T079	C0023303
28211020	1633	1638	costs	T081	C0010186
28211020	1651	1660	mortality	T081	C0178686
28211020	1667	1670	day	T079	C0439228
28211020	1695	1702	reduced	T080	C0392756
28211020	1707	1711	high	T080	C0205250
28211020	1714	1718	risk	T078	C0035647
28211020	1719	1727	patients	T101	C0030705
28211020	1739	1752	brain surgery	T061	C0195775
28211020	1754	1768	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28211020	1769	1773	GDFR	T061	C0204700
28211020	1778	1793	associated with	T080	C0332281
28211020	1796	1805	reduction	T080	C0392756
28211020	1809	1812	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28211020	1813	1827	length of stay	T079	C0023303
28211020	1832	1837	costs	T081	C0010186
28211020	1845	1853	decrease	T081	C0547047
28211020	1857	1870	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28211020	1871	1880	morbidity	T081	C0026538

28211499|t|The prognostic value of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 in cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
28211499|a|The outcomes of studies analyzing the prognostic role of CTLA-4 in cancers are controversial. Therefore, the aim of our meta-analysis was to clarify the correlation between CTLA-4 expression and OS in different cancer cases. Relevant literature was searched using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The clinicopathological features, hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were collected from these studies and were analyzed using Stata version 12.0 software. The pooled HR values showed no significant correlation between CTLA-4 expression levels and OS in relation to tumors (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 0.98-1.56, I2 = 71.7%, P = 0.000). Further subgroup analyses were conducted and categorized by experimental methods, CTLA-4 sources and cancer types. The survey showed a significant correlation (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.14-1.89) between high expression of CTLA-4 and OS in the SNP subgroup, and subgroups analyzing by PCR (HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.20-1.86) and flow cytometry (HR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.49-5.14). In addition, our analysis observed significant differences between patients and controls in in CTLA-4+ CD4+ lymphocytes, sur CTLA-4+ CD4+ lymphocytes, in CTLA-4+ CD8+ lymphocytes, and sur CTLA-4+ CD8+ lymphocytes. Knowledge of the effects of CTLA-4 could potentially be used to effectively guide appropriate prognosis and therapeutic strategies in cancer patients.
28211499	4	14	prognostic	T080	C1514475
28211499	24	56	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	60	67	cancers	T191	C0006826
28211499	71	88	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28211499	93	106	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28211499	111	119	outcomes	T062	C0543472
28211499	131	140	analyzing	T062	C0936012
28211499	145	155	prognostic	T080	C1514475
28211499	164	170	CTLA-4	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	174	181	cancers	T191	C0006826
28211499	227	240	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28211499	260	271	correlation	T080	C1707520
28211499	280	286	CTLA-4	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	302	304	OS	T081	C4086681
28211499	318	324	cancer	T191	C0006826
28211499	341	351	literature	T170	C0023866
28211499	371	377	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28211499	379	385	EMBASE	T170	C0282574
28211499	387	401	Web of Science	T170	C0282574
28211499	411	427	Cochrane Library	T170	C0282574
28211499	433	461	clinicopathological features	T091	C0030667
28211499	463	475	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28211499	477	479	HR	T081	C2985465
28211499	489	509	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28211499	511	513	CI	T081	C0009667
28211499	558	566	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28211499	573	600	Stata version 12.0 software	T170	C0282574
28211499	606	612	pooled	T169	C2349200
28211499	613	615	HR	T081	C2985465
28211499	645	656	correlation	T080	C1707520
28211499	665	671	CTLA-4	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	672	689	expression levels	T081	C3244092
28211499	694	696	OS	T081	C4086681
28211499	712	718	tumors	T191	C0027651
28211499	720	722	HR	T081	C2985465
28211499	734	736	CI	T081	C0009667
28211499	781	789	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28211499	790	798	analyses	T062	C0936012
28211499	833	853	experimental methods	T062	C0871738
28211499	855	861	CTLA-4	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	874	886	cancer types	UnknownType	C0741888
28211499	892	898	survey	T170	C0038951
28211499	920	931	correlation	T080	C1707520
28211499	933	935	HR	T081	C2985465
28211499	947	949	CI	T081	C0009667
28211499	989	995	CTLA-4	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	1000	1002	OS	T081	C4086681
28211499	1010	1013	SNP	T086	C0752046
28211499	1014	1022	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28211499	1028	1037	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28211499	1038	1047	analyzing	T062	C0936012
28211499	1051	1054	PCR	T063	C0032520
28211499	1056	1058	HR	T081	C2985465
28211499	1070	1072	CI	T081	C0009667
28211499	1089	1103	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28211499	1105	1107	HR	T081	C2985465
28211499	1119	1121	CI	T081	C0009667
28211499	1152	1160	analysis	T062	C0936012
28211499	1202	1210	patients	T101	C0030705
28211499	1215	1223	controls	T096	C0009932
28211499	1230	1237	CTLA-4+	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	1238	1242	CD4+	T116,T129,T192	C0003323
28211499	1243	1254	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
28211499	1260	1267	CTLA-4+	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	1268	1272	CD4+	T116,T129,T192	C0003323
28211499	1273	1284	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
28211499	1289	1296	CTLA-4+	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	1297	1301	CD8+	T129	C0085358
28211499	1302	1313	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
28211499	1323	1330	CTLA-4+	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	1331	1335	CD8+	T129	C0085358
28211499	1336	1347	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
28211499	1377	1383	CTLA-4	T116,T129	C0111208
28211499	1431	1442	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28211499	1443	1452	prognosis	T201	C3854082
28211499	1457	1479	therapeutic strategies	T061	C0087111
28211499	1483	1489	cancer	T191	C0006826
28211499	1490	1498	patients	T101	C0030705

28212039|t|In Vitro Stepwise Reconstitution of Amino Acid Derived Vinyl Isocyanide Biosynthesis: Detection of an Elusive Intermediate
28212039|a|In vitro reconstitution of a newly discovered isonitrile synthase (AmbI1 and AmbI2) and the detection of an elusive intermediate (S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-isocyanopropanoic acid 1 in indolyl vinyl isocyanide biogenesis are reported. The characterization of iron / 2-oxoglutarate (Fe / 2OG) dependent desaturases IsnB and AmbI3 sheds light on the possible mechanism underlying stereoselective alkene installation to complete the biosynthesis of (E)- and (Z)-3-(2-isocyanovinyl)-1H-indole 2 and 5. Establishment of a tractable isonitrile synthase system (AmbI1 and AmbI2) paves the way to elucidate the enigmatic enzyme mechanism for isocyanide formation.
28212039	0	8	In Vitro	T059,T062	C3850137
28212039	18	32	Reconstitution	T044	C0596526
28212039	36	46	Amino Acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28212039	55	71	Vinyl Isocyanide	T109,T131	C0302939
28212039	72	84	Biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
28212039	86	95	Detection	T033	C0442726
28212039	102	122	Elusive Intermediate	T109	C0029224
28212039	123	131	In vitro	T059,T062	C3850137
28212039	132	146	reconstitution	T044	C0596526
28212039	169	188	isonitrile synthase	T116,T126	C0014442
28212039	190	195	AmbI1	T116,T126	C0014442
28212039	200	205	AmbI2	T116,T126	C0014442
28212039	215	224	detection	T033	C0442726
28212039	231	251	elusive intermediate	T109	C0029224
28212039	252	300	(S)-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-isocyanopropanoic acid 1	T109	C0029224
28212039	304	328	indolyl vinyl isocyanide	T109,T131	C0302939
28212039	329	339	biogenesis	T169	C0005572
28212039	358	374	characterization	T052	C1880022
28212039	378	382	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28212039	385	399	2-oxoglutarate	T109,T121	C1291208
28212039	401	403	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28212039	406	409	2OG	T109,T121	C1291208
28212039	421	432	desaturases	T116,T126	C0599871
28212039	433	437	IsnB	T116,T126	C0599871
28212039	442	447	AmbI3	T116,T126	C0599871
28212039	476	485	mechanism	T044	C0596524
28212039	497	532	stereoselective alkene installation	T067	C0596319
28212039	549	561	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
28212039	574	609	(Z)-3-(2-isocyanovinyl)-1H-indole 2	T109	C0029224
28212039	614	615	5	T109	C0029224
28212039	646	665	isonitrile synthase	T116,T126	C0014442
28212039	674	679	AmbI1	T116,T126	C0014442
28212039	684	689	AmbI2	T116,T126	C0014442
28212039	732	748	enzyme mechanism	T044	C0596524
28212039	753	763	isocyanide	T109,T131	C0302939
28212039	764	773	formation	T169	C0005572

28212833|t|Dietary administration of Pontogammarus maeoticus extract affects immune responses, stress resistance, feed intake and growth performance of caspian roach (Rutilus caspicus) fingerlings
28212833|a|Dietary administration of immunostimulants showed promising results for elevation of immune responses and disease resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary Pontogammarus (Pontogammarus maeoticus) extract on innate immune response, stress resistance, feed intake and growth performance of the Caspian roach fingerling. Two levels of P. maeoticus extract dilution with distilled water 1:25 [T1] and 1:50 [T2] were prepared. Experimental diets were prepared by top-spraying the basal diet with equal amount (2%) of diluted extracts. One hundred and eighty Caspian roach fingerlings (4.30 ± 0.10 g) were supplied, stocked in nine 100-L tanks (three treatment repeated in triplicates) and fed on experimental diets for 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, serum innate immune parameters (Total Ig, ACH50, and lysozyme activity), resistance against salinity stress, feed intake and growth parameters were measured. The results revealed remarkable increase of innate immune parameters and resistance against salinity stress in roach fed P. maeoticus extracts (P < 0.05). Also, growth performance and food intake were notably improved in P. maeoticus extracts fed fish (P < 0.05). These results revealed beneficial effects of P. maeoticus extract on innate immune response, resistance, feed intake as well as growth performance of the Caspian roach.
28212833	0	22	Dietary administration	T061	C3536658
28212833	26	49	Pontogammarus maeoticus	T204	C1233254
28212833	50	57	extract	T167	C2828366
28212833	66	82	immune responses	T042	C0301872
28212833	84	101	stress resistance	UnknownType	C0678683
28212833	103	114	feed intake	T040	C0013470
28212833	119	137	growth performance	T039	C0220844
28212833	141	154	caspian roach	T013	C0524539
28212833	156	172	Rutilus caspicus	T013	C0524539
28212833	174	185	fingerlings	T013	C3669661
28212833	186	208	Dietary administration	T061	C3536658
28212833	212	228	immunostimulants	T121,T129	C0001551
28212833	271	287	immune responses	T042	C0301872
28212833	292	310	disease resistance	T040	C1136180
28212833	335	340	study	T062	C2603343
28212833	375	382	dietary	T168	C0012155
28212833	383	396	Pontogammarus	T204	C1233255
28212833	398	421	Pontogammarus maeoticus	T204	C1233254
28212833	423	430	extract	T167	C2828366
28212833	441	456	immune response	T042	C0301872
28212833	458	475	stress resistance	UnknownType	C0678683
28212833	477	488	feed intake	T040	C0013470
28212833	493	511	growth performance	T039	C0220844
28212833	519	532	Caspian roach	T013	C0524539
28212833	533	543	fingerling	T013	C3669661
28212833	559	571	P. maeoticus	T204	C1233254
28212833	572	579	extract	T167	C2828366
28212833	594	609	distilled water	T121,T197	C0790233
28212833	662	667	diets	T168	C0012155
28212833	702	712	basal diet	T168	C2983588
28212833	747	755	extracts	T167	C2828366
28212833	780	793	Caspian roach	T013	C0524539
28212833	794	805	fingerlings	T013	C3669661
28212833	872	881	treatment	T061	C0087111
28212833	894	905	triplicates	T081	C0205174
28212833	911	914	fed	T052	C2987508
28212833	931	936	diets	T168	C0012155
28212833	943	948	weeks	T079	C0439230
28212833	975	980	serum	T031	C0229671
28212833	981	994	innate immune	T032	C0020969
28212833	995	1005	parameters	T033	C0449381
28212833	1007	1015	Total Ig	T059	C0428539
28212833	1017	1022	ACH50	T081	C0392762
28212833	1028	1045	lysozyme activity	T044	C1149582
28212833	1048	1058	resistance	T039	C1514892
28212833	1067	1082	salinity stress	T043	C1154956
28212833	1084	1095	feed intake	T040	C0013470
28212833	1100	1117	growth parameters	T033	C2012645
28212833	1177	1190	innate immune	T032	C0020969
28212833	1191	1201	parameters	T033	C0449381
28212833	1206	1216	resistance	T039	C1514892
28212833	1225	1240	salinity stress	T043	C1154956
28212833	1244	1249	roach	T013	C0524539
28212833	1250	1253	fed	T052	C2987508
28212833	1254	1266	P. maeoticus	T204	C1233254
28212833	1267	1275	extracts	T167	C2828366
28212833	1294	1312	growth performance	T039	C0220844
28212833	1317	1328	food intake	T040	C0013470
28212833	1354	1366	P. maeoticus	T204	C1233254
28212833	1367	1375	extracts	T167	C2828366
28212833	1376	1384	fed fish	T013	C0016163
28212833	1442	1454	P. maeoticus	T204	C1233254
28212833	1455	1462	extract	T167	C2828366
28212833	1466	1479	innate immune	T032	C0020969
28212833	1480	1488	response	T042	C0301872
28212833	1490	1500	resistance	UnknownType	C0678683
28212833	1502	1513	feed intake	T040	C0013470
28212833	1525	1543	growth performance	T039	C0220844
28212833	1551	1564	Caspian roach	T013	C0524539

28213015|t|Lettuce and fruits as a source of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter spp
28213015|a|The role of ready-to-eat products as a reservoir of pathogenic species of Acinetobacter remains unclear. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of Acinetobacter species in lettuces and fruits marketed in Portugal, and their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Acinetobacter spp. were isolated from 77.9% of the samples and these microorganisms were also found as endophytes (i.e. present within the plant tissue) in 12 of 20 samples of lettuces analysed. Among 253 isolates that were identified as belonging to this genus, 181 presented different PFGE profiles, representing different strains. Based on the analysis of the partial sequence of rpoB, 175 strains were identified as members of eighteen distinct species and the remaining six strains may represent five new candidate species since their rpoB sequence similarities with type strains were less than 95%. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter johnsonii were the most common species, both with the frequency of 26.5%; and 11% of the strains belong to the Acinetobacter baumannii group (i.e. A. baumannii, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter seifertii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis), which is most frequently associated with nosocomial infections. Overall, the strains were least susceptible to piperacillin (80.1%), piperacillin-tazobactam (64.1%), ceftazidime (43.1%), ciprofloxacin (16.6%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (14.9%), imipenem (14.4%) and colistin (13.3%). The most active antimicrobials were minocycline and tetracycline, with 0.6% and 3.9% of strains resistant, respectively. About 29.8% of the strains were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), 4.4% as extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and the prevalence of MDR strains within the A. baumannii group (25%) was similar to other species (30.4%). The presence of clinically important species as well as MDR strains in lettuces and fruits may be a threat to public health considering that they may transmit these pathogens to environments such as the community and hospital settings.
28213015	0	7	Lettuce	T168	C0242765
28213015	12	18	fruits	T168	C0016767
28213015	24	30	source	T033	C0449416
28213015	34	71	multidrug resistant Acinetobacter spp	T007	C2960610
28213015	84	105	ready-to-eat products	T168	C2717995
28213015	111	120	reservoir	T169	C1698986
28213015	124	142	pathogenic species	T001	C0450254
28213015	146	159	Acinetobacter	T007	C0001138
28213015	198	205	present	T079	C0521116
28213015	206	211	study	T062	C2603343
28213015	232	240	presence	T033	C0150312
28213015	244	265	Acinetobacter species	T007	C0001138
28213015	269	277	lettuces	T168	C0242765
28213015	282	288	fruits	T168	C0016767
28213015	289	297	marketed	T080	C3640197
28213015	301	309	Portugal	T083	C0032729
28213015	321	353	susceptibility to antimicrobials	T033	C0427965
28213015	355	373	Acinetobacter spp.	T007	C0001138
28213015	379	387	isolated	T169	C0205409
28213015	406	413	samples	T167	C0370003
28213015	424	438	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28213015	458	468	endophytes	T004	C1265415
28213015	475	482	present	T033	C0150312
28213015	494	506	plant tissue	T025	C1514137
28213015	520	527	samples	T167	C0370003
28213015	531	539	lettuces	T168	C0242765
28213015	560	568	isolates	T123	C1764827
28213015	579	589	identified	T080	C0205396
28213015	611	616	genus	T185	C1708235
28213015	632	641	different	T080	C1705242
28213015	642	646	PFGE	T059	C0085117
28213015	647	655	profiles	T169	C2003903
28213015	670	679	different	T080	C1705242
28213015	680	687	strains	T080	C0456178
28213015	702	710	analysis	T062	C0936012
28213015	718	734	partial sequence	T169	C1519249
28213015	738	742	rpoB	T028	C0017337
28213015	748	755	strains	T080	C0456178
28213015	761	771	identified	T080	C0205396
28213015	804	811	species	T185	C1705920
28213015	834	841	strains	T080	C0456178
28213015	846	855	represent	T052	C1882932
28213015	875	882	species	T185	C1705920
28213015	895	899	rpoB	T028	C0017337
28213015	900	908	sequence	T169	C1519249
28213015	909	921	similarities	T080	C2348205
28213015	932	939	strains	T080	C0456178
28213015	960	987	Acinetobacter calcoaceticus	T007	C0085467
28213015	992	1015	Acinetobacter johnsonii	T007	C0314790
28213015	1030	1036	common	T081	C0205214
28213015	1037	1044	species	T185	C1705920
28213015	1060	1069	frequency	T079	C0439603
28213015	1095	1102	strains	T080	C0456178
28213015	1117	1140	Acinetobacter baumannii	T007	C0314787
28213015	1153	1165	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
28213015	1167	1187	Acinetobacter pittii	T007	C1013886
28213015	1189	1212	Acinetobacter seifertii	T007	C3961513
28213015	1217	1243	Acinetobacter nosocomialis	T007	C1049789
28213015	1260	1270	frequently	T079	C0332183
28213015	1271	1286	associated with	T080	C0332281
28213015	1287	1308	nosocomial infections	T047	C0205721
28213015	1323	1330	strains	T080	C0456178
28213015	1336	1341	least	T080	C1708760
28213015	1342	1353	susceptible	T169	C0231204
28213015	1357	1369	piperacillin	T109,T195	C0031955
28213015	1379	1402	piperacillin-tazobactam	T121	C0250480
28213015	1412	1423	ceftazidime	T109,T195	C0007559
28213015	1433	1446	ciprofloxacin	T109,T121	C0008809
28213015	1456	1485	trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole	T121	C0041044
28213015	1495	1503	imipenem	T109,T195	C0020933
28213015	1516	1524	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
28213015	1550	1564	antimicrobials	T121	C1136254
28213015	1570	1581	minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28213015	1586	1598	tetracycline	T109,T195	C0039644
28213015	1622	1639	strains resistant	T046	C0860039
28213015	1674	1681	strains	T080	C0456178
28213015	1687	1697	classified	T185	C0008902
28213015	1701	1720	multidrug-resistant	T007	C2960610
28213015	1722	1725	MDR	T007	C2960610
28213015	1736	1762	extensively drug-resistant	T007	C4075117
28213015	1764	1767	XDR	T007	C4075117
28213015	1777	1787	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28213015	1791	1802	MDR strains	T007	C2960610
28213015	1814	1826	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
28213015	1843	1850	similar	T080	C2348205
28213015	1860	1867	species	T185	C1705920
28213015	1881	1889	presence	T033	C0150312
28213015	1893	1903	clinically	T080	C0205210
28213015	1904	1913	important	T080	C3898777
28213015	1914	1921	species	T185	C1705920
28213015	1933	1944	MDR strains	T007	C2960610
28213015	1948	1956	lettuces	T168	C0242765
28213015	1961	1967	fruits	T168	C0016767
28213015	1977	1983	threat	T078	C0749385
28213015	1987	2000	public health	T078	C0018684
28213015	2027	2035	transmit	T169	C0332289
28213015	2042	2051	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28213015	2055	2067	environments	T082	C0014406
28213015	2094	2111	hospital settings	T073,T093	C0019994

28213302|t|Disrupting effects of azocyclotin to the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and reproduction of Xenopus laevis
28213302|a|Over the past few decades, the hazards associated with the extensive use of organictin compounds have become an issue of extreme concern, while at present the effects of these substances on amphibians remain poorly understood. In the present study, we chose azocyclotin, one of common use acaricides in China. We focused on sexual development and steroidogenesis disrupting effects of azocyclotin in the Xenopus laevis. Tadpoles were exposed to azocyclotin (0.05 and 0.5μg/L) for long-term (4 months) study. Results showed that exposure to azocyclotin caused developmental toxicity, including decreased survival, body weight, body length, gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and female phenotype. At the same time, statistical increase in mean age at completion of metamorphosis was observed in azocyclotin treatments in comparison with control group. Furthermore, hormone concentrations, and steroidogenesis genes expression of adult frog were further evaluated in 28 days exposure. Results demonstrated that the key regulating hormones, e.g. testosterone and pregnenolone, were significantly upregulated. The expression levels of selected steroidogenic genes were also significantly altered. Our study demonstrated that azocyclotin could delay the metamorphosis and disrupt the gonadal differentiation of X. laevis. Steroidogenesis and the expression of genes involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis in frogs were disrupted after azocyclotin exposure. Azocyclotin showed both androgenic and antiestrogenic activity for X. laevis. Those findings emphasized the influence of azocyclotin on non-target species in the context of ecotoxicological risk assessment.
28213302	0	18	Disrupting effects	T169	C0332453
28213302	22	33	azocyclotin	T109	C4308952
28213302	41	75	hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis	T023	C0814030
28213302	80	92	reproduction	T040	C0035150
28213302	96	110	Xenopus laevis	T011	C0043343
28213302	142	149	hazards	T080	C0598697
28213302	150	165	associated with	T080	C0332281
28213302	187	207	organictin compounds	T109	C0029259
28213302	270	277	effects	T080	C1280500
28213302	287	297	substances	T109	C0029259
28213302	301	311	amphibians	T011	C0002668
28213302	353	358	study	T062	C2603343
28213302	369	380	azocyclotin	T109	C4308952
28213302	400	410	acaricides	T109,T131	C0303928
28213302	414	419	China	T083	C0008115
28213302	435	453	sexual development	T040	C0233896
28213302	458	473	steroidogenesis	T044	C0597513
28213302	474	492	disrupting effects	T169	C0332453
28213302	496	507	azocyclotin	T109	C4308952
28213302	515	529	Xenopus laevis	T011	C0043343
28213302	531	539	Tadpoles	T011	C0326967
28213302	545	555	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28213302	556	567	azocyclotin	T109	C4308952
28213302	591	617	long-term (4 months) study	T062	C0023981
28213302	619	626	Results	T169	C1274040
28213302	639	650	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28213302	651	662	azocyclotin	T109	C4308952
28213302	670	683	developmental	T040	C0678723
28213302	684	692	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28213302	704	713	decreased	T081	C0205216
28213302	714	722	survival	T052	C0038952
28213302	724	735	body weight	T032	C0005910
28213302	737	748	body length	T032	C0005890
28213302	795	811	female phenotype	T080	C1705498
28213302	843	851	increase	T169	C0442805
28213302	855	859	mean	T081	C0444504
28213302	860	863	age	T032	C0001779
28213302	867	877	completion	T080	C0205197
28213302	881	894	metamorphosis	T040	C0025558
28213302	911	922	azocyclotin	T109	C4308952
28213302	923	933	treatments	T169	C1522326
28213302	937	947	comparison	T052	C1707455
28213302	953	966	control group	T096	C0009932
28213302	981	988	hormone	T125	C0019932
28213302	989	1003	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28213302	1009	1030	steroidogenesis genes	T028	C0017337
28213302	1031	1041	expression	T045	C0017262
28213302	1051	1055	frog	T011	C0034650
28213302	1090	1098	exposure	T080	C0332157
28213302	1100	1107	Results	T169	C1274040
28213302	1134	1153	regulating hormones	T116,T121	C0360504
28213302	1160	1172	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28213302	1177	1189	pregnenolone	T109,T121,T125	C0373704
28213302	1210	1221	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28213302	1227	1244	expression levels	T081	C3244092
28213302	1257	1276	steroidogenic genes	T028	C0017337
28213302	1314	1319	study	T062	C2603343
28213302	1338	1349	azocyclotin	T109	C4308952
28213302	1356	1361	delay	T079	C0205421
28213302	1366	1379	metamorphosis	T040	C0025558
28213302	1384	1391	disrupt	T169	C0332453
28213302	1396	1419	gonadal differentiation	T042	C0036874
28213302	1423	1432	X. laevis	T011	C0043343
28213302	1434	1449	Steroidogenesis	T044	C0597513
28213302	1458	1468	expression	T045	C0017262
28213302	1472	1477	genes	T028	C0017337
28213302	1494	1535	hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal-liver axis	T023	C0814030
28213302	1539	1544	frogs	T011	C0034650
28213302	1550	1559	disrupted	T169	C0332453
28213302	1566	1577	azocyclotin	T109	C4308952
28213302	1578	1586	exposure	T080	C0332157
28213302	1588	1599	Azocyclotin	T109	C4308952
28213302	1612	1622	androgenic	T033	C0243095
28213302	1627	1650	antiestrogenic activity	T033	C0243095
28213302	1655	1664	X. laevis	T011	C0043343
28213302	1672	1680	findings	T033	C0243095
28213302	1696	1705	influence	T077	C4054723
28213302	1709	1720	azocyclotin	T109	C4308952
28213302	1724	1734	non-target	T080	C1518389
28213302	1735	1742	species	T185	C1705920
28213302	1761	1777	ecotoxicological	T169	C0205472
28213302	1778	1793	risk assessment	T058	C0086930

28213310|t|Feasibility and energetic evaluation of air stripping for bioethanol production
28213310|a|Stripping of mashes with air as stripping gas and low ethanol contents between 3 and 5wt% was investigated in terms of its suitability for continuous bioethanol production. Experiments in a Blenke cascade system were carried out and the results were compared with values obtained from theoretical vapour-liquid-equilibrium calculations. The whole stripping process was energetically evaluated by a simulation in ChemCAD and compared to conventional distillation. Therefore several parameters such as temperature, air volume flow and initial ethanol load of the mash were varied. Air stripping was found to be a suitable separation method for bioethanol from mashes with low concentrations. However, energetic aspects have to be considered, when developing a new process.
28213310	0	11	Feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28213310	16	36	energetic evaluation	T033	C0243095
28213310	40	43	air	T167	C0001861
28213310	44	53	stripping	T067	C1254366
28213310	58	68	bioethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28213310	69	79	production	T057	C0033268
28213310	80	89	Stripping	T067	C1254366
28213310	93	99	mashes	T167	C0439861
28213310	105	108	air	T167	C0001861
28213310	112	121	stripping	T067	C1254366
28213310	122	125	gas	T167	C0439861
28213310	134	141	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28213310	142	150	contents	T077	C0456205
28213310	203	214	suitability	T080	C3900053
28213310	219	229	continuous	T078	C0549178
28213310	230	240	bioethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28213310	241	251	production	T057	C0033268
28213310	253	264	Experiments	T062	C0681814
28213310	270	291	Blenke cascade system	T170	C0282574
28213310	317	324	results	T169	C1274040
28213310	330	338	compared	T052	C1707455
28213310	344	350	values	T080	C0042295
28213310	365	415	theoretical vapour-liquid-equilibrium calculations	T052	C1441506
28213310	427	436	stripping	T067	C1254366
28213310	437	444	process	T067	C1522240
28213310	449	472	energetically evaluated	T033	C0243095
28213310	478	488	simulation	T062	C0679083
28213310	492	499	ChemCAD	T170	C0282574
28213310	504	512	compared	T052	C1707455
28213310	516	541	conventional distillation	T059	C2718007
28213310	561	571	parameters	T033	C0449381
28213310	580	591	temperature	T081	C0039476
28213310	593	596	air	T167	C0001861
28213310	597	608	volume flow	T070	C0806140
28213310	621	628	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28213310	641	645	mash	T167	C0439861
28213310	659	662	Air	T167	C0001861
28213310	663	672	stripping	T067	C1254366
28213310	691	699	suitable	T080	C3900053
28213310	700	717	separation method	UnknownType	C0678621
28213310	722	732	bioethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28213310	738	744	mashes	T167	C0439861
28213310	750	768	low concentrations	T033	C0233417
28213310	779	796	energetic aspects	T080	C0205556
28213310	842	849	process	T067	C1522240

28213541|t|Accurate Quantification of Laminarin in Marine Organic Matter with Enzymes from Marine Microbes
28213541|a|Marine algae produce a variety of glycans, which fulfill diverse biological functions and fuel the carbon and energy demands of heterotrophic microbes. A common approach to analysis of marine organic matter uses acid to hydrolyze the glycans into measurable monosaccharides. The monosaccharides may be derived from different glycans that are built with the same monosaccharides, however, and this approach does not distinguish between glycans in natural samples. Here we use enzymes to digest selectively and thereby quantify laminarin in particulate organic matter. Environmental metaproteome data revealed carbohydrate -active enzymes from marine flavobacteria as tools for selective hydrolysis of the algal β-glucan laminarin. The enzymes digested laminarin into glucose and oligosaccharides, which we measured with standard methods to establish the amounts of laminarin in the samples. We cloned, expressed, purified, and characterized three new glycoside hydrolases (GHs) of Formosa bacteria: two are endo-β-1,3-glucanases, of the GH16 and GH17 families, and the other is a GH30 exo-β-1,6-glucanase. Formosa sp. nov strain Hel1_33_131 GH30 (FbGH30) removed the β-1,6-glucose side chains, and Formosa agariphila GH17A (FaGH17A) and FaGH16A hydrolyzed the β-1,3-glucose backbone of laminarin. Specificity profiling with a library of glucan oligosaccharides and polysaccharides revealed that FaGH17A and FbGH30 were highly specific enzymes, while FaGH16A also hydrolyzed mixed-linked glucans with β-1,4-glucose. Therefore, we chose the more specific FaGH17A and FbGH30 to quantify laminarin in two cultured diatoms, namely, Thalassiosira weissflogii and Thalassiosira pseudonana, and in seawater samples from the North Sea and the Arctic Ocean. Combined, these results demonstrate the potential of enzymes for faster, stereospecific, and sequence - specific analysis of select glycans in marine organic matter .IMPORTANCE Marine algae synthesize substantial amounts of the glucose polymer laminarin for energy and carbon storage. Its concentrations, rates of production by autotrophic organisms, and rates of digestion by heterotrophic organisms remain unknown. Here we present a method based on enzymes that hydrolyze laminarin and enable its quantification even in crude substrate mixtures, without purification. Compared to the commonly used acid hydrolysis, the enzymatic method presented here is faster and stereospecific and selectively cleaves laminarin in mixtures of glycans, releasing only glucose and oligosaccharides, which can be easily quantified with reducing sugar assays.
28213541	0	8	Accurate	T080	C0443131
28213541	9	23	Quantification	T081	C1709793
28213541	27	36	Laminarin	T109,T121	C0064631
28213541	40	46	Marine	T083	C0017446
28213541	47	61	Organic Matter	T167	C0567360
28213541	67	74	Enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	80	86	Marine	T083	C0017446
28213541	80	95	Marine Microbes	T001	C0445623
28213541	96	108	Marine algae	T204	C3714692
28213541	130	137	glycans	T109,T121	C0032594
28213541	145	152	fulfill	T067	C1550543
28213541	161	181	biological functions	UnknownType	C0231161
28213541	186	190	fuel	T073	C0556991
28213541	195	201	carbon	T196	C0007009
28213541	206	220	energy demands	T032	C0028719
28213541	224	237	heterotrophic	T001	C0562623
28213541	238	246	microbes	T001	C0445623
28213541	269	277	analysis	T062	C0936012
28213541	281	287	marine	T083	C0017446
28213541	288	302	organic matter	T167	C0567360
28213541	308	312	acid	T103	C0001128
28213541	316	325	hydrolyze	T070	C0020291
28213541	330	337	glycans	T109,T121	C0032594
28213541	343	353	measurable	T169	C1513040
28213541	354	369	monosaccharides	T109	C0026492
28213541	375	390	monosaccharides	T109	C0026492
28213541	421	428	glycans	T109,T121	C0032594
28213541	458	473	monosaccharides	T109	C0026492
28213541	531	538	glycans	T109,T121	C0032594
28213541	542	557	natural samples	T167	C0439861
28213541	571	578	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	613	621	quantify	T081	C1709793
28213541	622	631	laminarin	T109,T121	C0064631
28213541	647	661	organic matter	T167	C0567360
28213541	663	676	Environmental	T082	C0014406
28213541	690	694	data	T078	C1511726
28213541	695	703	revealed	T080	C0443289
28213541	704	716	carbohydrate	T109	C0007004
28213541	725	732	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	738	744	marine	T083	C0017446
28213541	745	758	flavobacteria	T007	C1056265
28213541	782	792	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
28213541	806	824	β-glucan laminarin	T109,T121	C0064631
28213541	830	837	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	847	856	laminarin	T109,T121	C0064631
28213541	862	869	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28213541	874	890	oligosaccharides	T109	C0028959
28213541	901	909	measured	T080	C0444706
28213541	915	931	standard methods	T170	C0025663
28213541	960	969	laminarin	T109,T121	C0064631
28213541	977	984	samples	T167	C0439861
28213541	989	995	cloned	T059,T063	C0009017
28213541	997	1006	expressed	T169	C0205245
28213541	1008	1016	purified	T169	C1998793
28213541	1022	1035	characterized	T052	C1880022
28213541	1046	1066	glycoside hydrolases	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
28213541	1068	1071	GHs	T116,T121,T126	C0017976
28213541	1076	1092	Formosa bacteria	T007	C1233208
28213541	1102	1123	endo-β-1,3-glucanases	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1132	1136	GH16	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1141	1154	GH17 families	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1175	1199	GH30 exo-β-1,6-glucanase	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1201	1235	Formosa sp. nov strain Hel1_33_131	T007	C3741751
28213541	1236	1240	GH30	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1242	1248	FbGH30	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1250	1257	removed	T080	C0849355
28213541	1262	1287	β-1,6-glucose side chains	T109	C0029224
28213541	1293	1311	Formosa agariphila	T007	C1935486
28213541	1312	1317	GH17A	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1319	1326	FaGH17A	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1332	1339	FaGH16A	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1340	1350	hydrolyzed	T070	C0020291
28213541	1355	1368	β-1,3-glucose	T109	C0029224
28213541	1381	1390	laminarin	T109,T121	C0064631
28213541	1392	1403	Specificity	T081	C0037791
28213541	1404	1413	profiling	T169	C2003903
28213541	1432	1438	glucan	T109,T121	C0017696
28213541	1439	1455	oligosaccharides	T109	C0028959
28213541	1460	1475	polysaccharides	T109,T121	C0032594
28213541	1476	1484	revealed	T080	C0443289
28213541	1490	1497	FaGH17A	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1502	1508	FbGH30	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1521	1529	specific	T080	C0205369
28213541	1530	1537	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1545	1552	FaGH16A	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1558	1568	hydrolyzed	T070	C0020291
28213541	1582	1589	glucans	T109,T121	C0017696
28213541	1595	1608	β-1,4-glucose	T109	C0029224
28213541	1639	1647	specific	T080	C0205369
28213541	1648	1655	FaGH17A	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1660	1666	FbGH30	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1670	1678	quantify	T081	C1709793
28213541	1679	1688	laminarin	T109,T121	C0064631
28213541	1722	1747	Thalassiosira weissflogii	T204	C1026285
28213541	1752	1776	Thalassiosira pseudonana	T204	C1093208
28213541	1785	1793	seawater	T167	C0036499
28213541	1794	1801	samples	T167	C0439861
28213541	1811	1820	North Sea	T083	C0028410
28213541	1829	1841	Arctic Ocean	T083	C0017446
28213541	1859	1866	results	T169	C1274040
28213541	1883	1892	potential	T080	C3245505
28213541	1896	1903	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	1908	1914	faster	T080	C0456962
28213541	1936	1944	sequence	T169	C1519249
28213541	1947	1955	specific	T080	C0205369
28213541	1956	1964	analysis	T062	C0936012
28213541	1975	1982	glycans	T109,T121	C0032594
28213541	1986	1992	marine	T083	C0017446
28213541	1993	2007	organic matter	T167	C0567360
28213541	2020	2032	Marine algae	T204	C3714692
28213541	2071	2086	glucose polymer	T109,T121	C0017696
28213541	2087	2096	laminarin	T109,T121	C0064631
28213541	2101	2107	energy	T081	C1442080
28213541	2112	2118	carbon	T196	C0007009
28213541	2119	2126	storage	T169	C1698986
28213541	2132	2146	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28213541	2148	2153	rates	T081	C1521828
28213541	2171	2192	autotrophic organisms	T001	C0562624
28213541	2198	2203	rates	T081	C1521828
28213541	2220	2243	heterotrophic organisms	T001	C0562623
28213541	2278	2284	method	T170	C0025663
28213541	2294	2301	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	2307	2316	hydrolyze	T070	C0020291
28213541	2317	2326	laminarin	T109,T121	C0064631
28213541	2342	2356	quantification	T081	C1709793
28213541	2365	2389	crude substrate mixtures	T167	C3891814
28213541	2399	2411	purification	T169	C1998793
28213541	2413	2421	Compared	T052	C1707455
28213541	2443	2458	acid hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
28213541	2464	2473	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28213541	2481	2490	presented	T078	C0449450
28213541	2499	2505	faster	T080	C0456962
28213541	2510	2524	stereospecific	T080	C0205369
28213541	2549	2558	laminarin	T109,T121	C0064631
28213541	2562	2570	mixtures	T167	C0439962
28213541	2574	2581	glycans	T109,T121	C0032594
28213541	2598	2605	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28213541	2610	2626	oligosaccharides	T109	C0028959
28213541	2648	2658	quantified	T081	C1709793
28213541	2664	2678	reducing sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
28213541	2679	2685	assays	T059	C1510438

28213659|t|Profiles of mental health care professionals based on work role performance
28213659|a|The worldwide burden of mental disorders is considerable, and on the rise, putting pressure on health care systems. Current reforms aim to improve the efficiency of mental health care systems by increasing service integration in communities and strengthening primary mental health care. In this context, mental health care professionals (MHPs) are increasingly required to work on interdisciplinary teams in a variety of settings. Little is known, however, about the profiles of MHPs in relation to their perceived work role performance. MHPs in Quebec (N = 315) from four local service networks completed a self-administered questionnaire eliciting information on individual and team characteristics, as well as team processes and states. Profiles of MHPs were created using a two-step cluster analysis. Five profiles were generated. MHPs belonging to profiles labelled senior medical outpatient specialized care MHPs and senior psychosocial outpatient specialized care MHPs perceived themselves as more performing than MHPs in other profiles. The profile labelled low-collaborators was significantly less performing than all other groups. Two other profiles were identified, positioned between the aforementioned groups in terms of the perceived performance of MHPs: the junior primary care MHPs and the diversified specialized care MHPs. Seniority within the team, delivering specialized type of care, and positive team processes were all features associated with profiles where perceived work performance was high. Overall, this study supports the case for initiatives aimed at improving stability and interdisciplinary collaboration in health teams, especially in primary care.
28213659	0	8	Profiles	T081	C0237801
28213659	12	44	mental health care professionals	T097	C1704312
28213659	54	75	work role performance	T033	C0243095
28213659	100	116	mental disorders	T048	C0004936
28213659	171	190	health care systems	T093	C0018696
28213659	200	207	reforms	T064	C0206597
28213659	227	237	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28213659	241	267	mental health care systems	T093	C0018696
28213659	282	289	service	T057	C0557854
28213659	290	301	integration	T054	C3494302
28213659	305	316	communities	T096	C0009462
28213659	335	361	primary mental health care	T061	C0184643
28213659	380	412	mental health care professionals	T097	C1704312
28213659	414	418	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	457	480	interdisciplinary teams	T058	C0086390
28213659	543	551	profiles	T081	C0237801
28213659	555	559	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	581	590	perceived	T041	C0030971
28213659	591	612	work role performance	T033	C0243095
28213659	614	618	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	622	628	Quebec	T083	C0034390
28213659	649	671	local service networks	T170	C0282574
28213659	684	715	self-administered questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28213659	741	751	individual	T098	C0237401
28213659	756	760	team	T058	C0086390
28213659	761	776	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28213659	816	824	Profiles	T081	C0237801
28213659	828	832	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	854	879	two-step cluster analysis	T062	C0009085
28213659	886	894	profiles	T081	C0237801
28213659	911	915	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	929	937	profiles	T081	C0237801
28213659	947	953	senior	T098	C0001792
28213659	954	972	medical outpatient	T033	C3845697
28213659	973	989	specialized care	T058	C0086388
28213659	990	994	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	999	1005	senior	T098	C0001792
28213659	1006	1018	psychosocial	T201	C0518884
28213659	1006	1029	psychosocial outpatient	T101	C0029921
28213659	1030	1046	specialized care	T058	C0086388
28213659	1047	1051	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	1097	1101	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	1111	1119	profiles	T081	C0237801
28213659	1142	1159	low-collaborators	T094	C2827395
28213659	1227	1235	profiles	T081	C0237801
28213659	1241	1251	identified	T080	C0205396
28213659	1314	1323	perceived	T041	C0030971
28213659	1339	1343	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	1349	1368	junior primary care	T058	C0086388
28213659	1369	1373	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	1382	1410	diversified specialized care	T058	C0086388
28213659	1411	1415	MHPs	T097	C1704312
28213659	1417	1426	Seniority	T098	C0001792
28213659	1455	1479	specialized type of care	T058	C0086388
28213659	1543	1551	profiles	T081	C0237801
28213659	1558	1567	perceived	T041	C0030971
28213659	1682	1713	interdisciplinary collaboration	T058	C0597720
28213659	1717	1729	health teams	T058	C0086390
28213659	1745	1757	primary care	T058	C0033137

28213871|t|Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives: a new class of antiviral drugs against Mayaro virus
28213871|a|Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arthropod-borne virus and a member of the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. Its infection leads to an acute illness accompanied by long-lasting arthralgia. To date, there are no antiviral drugs or vaccines against infection with MAYV and resources for the prevention or treatment of other alphaviruses are very limited. MAYV has served as a model to study the antiviral potential of several substances on alphavirus replication. In this work we evaluated the antiviral effect of seven new derivatives of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine against MAYV replication in a mammalian cell line. All derivatives were able to reduce viral production effectively at concentrations that were non-toxic for Vero cells. Molecular modeling assays predicted low toxicity risk and good oral bioavailability of the substances in humans. One of the molecules, selected for further study, demonstrated a strong anti-MAYV effect at early stages of replication, as it protected pre-treated cells and also during the late stages, affecting virus morphogenesis. This study is the first to demonstrate the antiviral effect of thienopyridine derivatives on MAYV replication in vitro, suggesting the potential application of these substances as antiviral molecules against alphaviruses. Additional in vivo research will be needed to expand the putative therapeutic applications.
28213871	0	21	Thieno[2,3-b]pyridine	T109,T121	C1120149
28213871	22	33	derivatives	T104	C0243072
28213871	50	65	antiviral drugs	T121	C0003451
28213871	74	86	Mayaro virus	T005	C0318738
28213871	87	99	Mayaro virus	T005	C0318738
28213871	101	105	MAYV	T005	C0318738
28213871	113	134	arthropod-borne virus	T005	C0003725
28213871	155	161	family	T185	C2700055
28213871	162	173	Togaviridae	T005	C0040360
28213871	175	180	genus	T185	C1708235
28213871	181	191	Alphavirus	T005	C0002331
28213871	197	206	infection	T046	C3714514
28213871	219	232	acute illness	T046	C4061114
28213871	261	271	arthralgia	T184	C0003862
28213871	295	310	antiviral drugs	T121	C0003451
28213871	314	322	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
28213871	331	340	infection	T046	C3714514
28213871	346	350	MAYV	T005	C0318738
28213871	355	364	resources	T078	C0035201
28213871	373	383	prevention	T080	C2700409
28213871	387	396	treatment	T169	C0039798
28213871	406	418	alphaviruses	T005	C0002331
28213871	437	441	MAYV	T005	C0318738
28213871	458	463	model	T075	C0026339
28213871	467	472	study	T062	C2603343
28213871	477	496	antiviral potential	T080	C3245505
28213871	508	518	substances	T121	C1254351
28213871	522	532	alphavirus	T005	C0002331
28213871	533	544	replication	T043	C0042774
28213871	576	592	antiviral effect	T080	C1280500
28213871	606	617	derivatives	T104	C0243072
28213871	621	642	thieno[2,3-b]pyridine	T109,T121	C1120149
28213871	651	655	MAYV	T005	C0318738
28213871	656	667	replication	T043	C0042774
28213871	673	682	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28213871	683	692	cell line	T025	C0007634
28213871	698	709	derivatives	T104	C0243072
28213871	723	729	reduce	T081	C0547047
28213871	730	746	viral production	T043	C0042774
28213871	762	776	concentrations	T081	C0678756
28213871	801	811	Vero cells	T025	C0042542
28213871	813	838	Molecular modeling assays	T059	C0005507
28213871	853	861	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28213871	862	866	risk	T078	C0035647
28213871	876	880	oral	T082	C0442027
28213871	881	896	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
28213871	904	914	substances	T121	C1254351
28213871	918	924	humans	T016	C0086418
28213871	937	946	molecules	T121	C1254351
28213871	969	974	study	T062	C2603343
28213871	998	1014	anti-MAYV effect	T080	C1280500
28213871	1018	1030	early stages	T079	C2363430
28213871	1034	1045	replication	T043	C0042774
28213871	1063	1080	pre-treated cells	T025	C0007634
28213871	1101	1112	late stages	T079	C1279941
28213871	1124	1129	virus	T005	C0042776
28213871	1130	1143	morphogenesis	T040	C0026559
28213871	1150	1155	study	T062	C2603343
28213871	1188	1204	antiviral effect	T080	C1280500
28213871	1208	1222	thienopyridine	T109,T121	C1120149
28213871	1223	1234	derivatives	T104	C0243072
28213871	1238	1242	MAYV	T005	C0318738
28213871	1243	1254	replication	T043	C0042774
28213871	1255	1263	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28213871	1311	1321	substances	T121	C1254351
28213871	1325	1344	antiviral molecules	T121	C0003451
28213871	1353	1365	alphaviruses	T005	C0002331
28213871	1378	1385	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28213871	1386	1394	research	T062	C0035168
28213871	1433	1444	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28213871	1445	1457	applications	T052	C1708476

28213926|t|Association of Hypercalcemia Before Treatment With Hypocalcemia After Treatment in Dogs With Primary Hyperparathyroidism
28213926|a|Development of hypocalcemia after treatment of hyperparathyroidism results in increased costs and risk of poorer outcomes. Previous studies have shown conflicting data about predictors of hypocalcemia after these procedures. The objective of this study was to investigate whether ionized calcium (iCa) concentrations before treatment are predictive of hypocalcemia or its clinical signs after surgical removal or heat ablation in dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism. Fifty-four dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism (29 female, 25 male; 49 retrospective, 5 prospective). Dogs were enrolled if they met the inclusion criteria: persistent hypercalcemia (iCa >1.41 mmol/L) due to primary hyperparathyroidism and absence of preemptive calcitriol treatment. All dogs were treated with parathyroidectomy (n = 37) or percutaneous ultrasound-guided heat ablation (n = 17). After treatment, iCa was monitored twice daily until plateau or intervention. There was a moderate correlation between before - treatment hypercalcemia and after-treatment hypocalcemia. The prospective study was terminated due to ethical concerns given findings in the retrospective section. All dogs were placed into groups according to their pretreatment iCa: 1.46-1.61 mmol/L, 1.62-1.71 mmol/L, iCa 1.72-1.81 mmol/L, or >1.81 mmol/L. After treatment, the mean lowest iCa for each group, respectively, was 1.19, 1.18, 1.13, and 1.01 mmol/L. There was a significant association between higher group and proportion of dogs with iCa <1.00 mmol/L (P = .014). This study demonstrates a moderate correlation between iCa concentration before treatment and hypocalcemia after treatment. Dogs with higher initial iCa concentrations should be treated to prevent rapid decline and development of clinical hypocalcemia.
28213926	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28213926	15	28	Hypercalcemia	T047	C0020437
28213926	29	35	Before	T079	C0332152
28213926	36	45	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28213926	51	63	Hypocalcemia	T047	C0020598
28213926	64	79	After Treatment	T058	C0001758
28213926	83	87	Dogs	T015	C0012984
28213926	93	120	Primary Hyperparathyroidism	T047	C0221002
28213926	121	132	Development	T169	C1527148
28213926	136	148	hypocalcemia	T047	C0020598
28213926	149	164	after treatment	T058	C0001758
28213926	168	187	hyperparathyroidism	T047	C0221002
28213926	188	195	results	T169	C1274040
28213926	199	208	increased	T081	C0205217
28213926	209	214	costs	T081	C0010186
28213926	219	223	risk	T078	C0035647
28213926	227	242	poorer outcomes	T033	C3806166
28213926	253	260	studies	T062	C2603343
28213926	272	283	conflicting	T033	C4061765
28213926	284	288	data	T078	C1511726
28213926	295	305	predictors	T078	C2698872
28213926	309	321	hypocalcemia	T047	C0020598
28213926	334	344	procedures	T169	C2700391
28213926	350	359	objective	T170	C0018017
28213926	368	373	study	T062	C2603343
28213926	381	392	investigate	T169	C1292732
28213926	401	416	ionized calcium	T123,T196	C0373561
28213926	418	421	iCa	T123,T196	C0373561
28213926	423	437	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28213926	438	444	before	T079	C0332152
28213926	445	454	treatment	T061	C0087111
28213926	459	469	predictive	T080	C0681890
28213926	473	485	hypocalcemia	T047	C0020598
28213926	493	507	clinical signs	T033	C3540840
28213926	514	530	surgical removal	T061	C0728940
28213926	534	547	heat ablation	T061	C0547070
28213926	551	555	dogs	T015	C0012984
28213926	561	588	primary hyperparathyroidism	T047	C0221002
28213926	601	605	dogs	T015	C0012984
28213926	611	638	primary hyperparathyroidism	T047	C0221002
28213926	643	649	female	T032	C0086287
28213926	654	658	male	T032	C0086582
28213926	663	676	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28213926	680	691	prospective	T058	C0184820
28213926	694	698	Dogs	T015	C0012984
28213926	729	747	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28213926	749	759	persistent	T079	C0205322
28213926	760	773	hypercalcemia	T047	C0020437
28213926	775	778	iCa	T123,T196	C0373561
28213926	800	827	primary hyperparathyroidism	T047	C0221002
28213926	832	839	absence	T169	C0332197
28213926	843	853	preemptive	T080	C1456501
28213926	854	864	calcitriol	T109,T121,T127	C0006674
28213926	865	874	treatment	T061	C0087111
28213926	880	884	dogs	T015	C0012984
28213926	903	920	parathyroidectomy	T061	C0079989
28213926	933	945	percutaneous	T082	C0522523
28213926	946	977	ultrasound-guided heat ablation	T061	C2315106
28213926	988	1003	After treatment	T058	C0001758
28213926	1005	1008	iCa	T123,T196	C0373561
28213926	1013	1022	monitored	T058	C1283169
28213926	1041	1048	plateau	T081	C2964353
28213926	1052	1064	intervention	T061	C0184661
28213926	1078	1086	moderate	T080	C0205081
28213926	1087	1098	correlation	T080	C1707520
28213926	1107	1113	before	T079	C0332152
28213926	1116	1125	treatment	T061	C0087111
28213926	1126	1139	hypercalcemia	T047	C0020437
28213926	1144	1159	after-treatment	T058	C0001758
28213926	1160	1172	hypocalcemia	T047	C0020598
28213926	1178	1195	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28213926	1200	1210	terminated	T169	C2348570
28213926	1218	1234	ethical concerns	T078	C0086264
28213926	1241	1249	findings	T033	C0243095
28213926	1257	1270	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28213926	1284	1288	dogs	T015	C0012984
28213926	1306	1312	groups	T078	C0441833
28213926	1332	1344	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
28213926	1345	1348	iCa	T123,T196	C0373561
28213926	1386	1389	iCa	T123,T196	C0373561
28213926	1425	1440	After treatment	T058	C0001758
28213926	1446	1450	mean	T081	C2348143
28213926	1451	1457	lowest	T080	C1708760
28213926	1458	1461	iCa	T123,T196	C0373561
28213926	1471	1476	group	T078	C0441833
28213926	1543	1554	significant	T078	C0750502
28213926	1555	1566	association	T080	C0439849
28213926	1575	1581	higher	T080	C0205250
28213926	1582	1587	group	T078	C0441833
28213926	1592	1602	proportion	T081	C1709707
28213926	1606	1610	dogs	T015	C0012984
28213926	1616	1619	iCa	T123,T196	C0373561
28213926	1650	1655	study	T062	C2603343
28213926	1671	1679	moderate	T080	C0205081
28213926	1680	1691	correlation	T080	C1707520
28213926	1700	1703	iCa	T123,T196	C0373561
28213926	1704	1717	concentration	T081	C1446561
28213926	1718	1724	before	T079	C0332152
28213926	1725	1734	treatment	T061	C0087111
28213926	1739	1751	hypocalcemia	T047	C0020598
28213926	1752	1767	after treatment	T058	C0001758
28213926	1769	1773	Dogs	T015	C0012984
28213926	1779	1785	higher	T080	C0205250
28213926	1794	1797	iCa	T123,T196	C0373561
28213926	1798	1812	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28213926	1842	1855	rapid decline	T033	C2750110
28213926	1860	1871	development	T169	C1527148
28213926	1875	1883	clinical	T080	C0205210
28213926	1884	1896	hypocalcemia	T047	C0020598

28214571|t|Encountering "Dropped" Gallstones During Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
28214571|a|We describe a case of an unusual finding during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy in a 66-year-old man with stage IIb (T2c, N0, M0) prostate adenocarcinoma. During the operation, intraperitoneal examination of the rectovesical pouch revealed calcifications and stones, which were subsequently identified as gallstones. Although these stones were not noted initially on this patient's preoperative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, a retrospective review demonstrated hypointense foci in the rectovesical pouch. Here, we describe the first reported case of visualization of dropped gallstones on a prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and retrieval during robotic prostatectomy.
28214571	0	12	Encountering	T053	C0545082
28214571	13	33	"Dropped" Gallstones	T031	C0242216
28214571	41	92	Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy	T061	C4039115
28214571	118	125	unusual	T080	C2700116
28214571	126	133	finding	T033	C0243095
28214571	141	192	robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy	T061	C4039115
28214571	197	229	bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy	T061	C2094758
28214571	256	303	stage IIb (T2c, N0, M0) prostate adenocarcinoma	T191	C0862641
28214571	316	325	operation	T061	C0543467
28214571	327	342	intraperitoneal	T082	C0442120
28214571	362	380	rectovesical pouch	T030	C0230301
28214571	390	404	calcifications	T042	C0006660
28214571	409	415	stones	T031	C0242216
28214571	455	465	gallstones	T031	C0242216
28214571	482	488	stones	T031	C0242216
28214571	532	544	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28214571	545	587	multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C4304904
28214571	591	611	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
28214571	625	641	hypointense foci	T082	C0205234
28214571	649	667	rectovesical pouch	T030	C0230301
28214571	731	749	dropped gallstones	T031	C0242216
28214571	755	806	prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C4304904
28214571	828	849	robotic prostatectomy	T061	C4039115

28214821|t|Medical device software: defining key terms
28214821|a|one of the areas of significant growth in medical devices has been the role of software - as an integral component of a medical device, as a standalone device and more recently as applications on mobile devices. The risk related to a malfunction of the standalone software used within healthcare is in itself not a criterion for its qualification or not as a medical device. It is therefore, necessary to clarify some criteria for the qualification of stand-alone software as medical devices Materials and methods: Ukrainian, European Union, United States of America legislation, Guidelines developed by European Commission and Food and Drug Administration's, recommendations represented by international voluntary group and scientific works. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic and comprehensive research methods. the legal regulation of software which is used for medical purpose in Ukraine limited to one definition. In European Union and United States of America were developed and applying special guidelines that help developers, manufactures and end users to difference software on types standing on medical purpose criteria. Software becomes more and more incorporated into medical devices. Developers and manufacturers may not have initially appreciated potential risks to patients and users such situation could have dangerous results for patients or users. It is necessary to develop and adopt the legislation that will intend to define the criteria for the qualification of medical device software and the application of the classification criteria to such software, provide some illustrative examples and step by step recommendations to qualify software as medical device.
28214821	0	23	Medical device software	T170	C3203880
28214821	64	82	significant growth	T067	C1254366
28214821	86	101	medical devices	T074	C0025080
28214821	123	131	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28214821	140	148	integral	T081	C0443238
28214821	149	158	component	T077	C1705248
28214821	164	178	medical device	T074	C0025080
28214821	185	202	standalone device	T074	C0025080
28214821	240	254	mobile devices	T073	C3273359
28214821	260	264	risk	T078	C0035647
28214821	278	289	malfunction	T066	C0086138
28214821	297	316	standalone software	T073,T170	C0037585
28214821	329	339	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28214821	359	368	criterion	T078	C0243161
28214821	377	390	qualification	T080	C1709790
28214821	403	417	medical device	T074	C0025080
28214821	462	470	criteria	T078	C0243161
28214821	479	492	qualification	T080	C1709790
28214821	496	516	stand-alone software	T073,T170	C0037585
28214821	520	535	medical devices	T074	C0025080
28214821	559	568	Ukrainian	T083	C0041580
28214821	570	584	European Union	T092	C0015179
28214821	586	610	United States of America	T083	C0041703
28214821	611	622	legislation	T170	C0600657
28214821	624	634	Guidelines	T170	C0162791
28214821	648	702	European Commission and Food and Drug Administration's	T093	C1708333
28214821	704	719	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28214821	735	748	international	T078	C1512888
28214821	749	764	voluntary group	T096	C1520061
28214821	769	779	scientific	T090	C0036397
28214821	780	785	works	T057	C0043227
28214821	812	823	dialectical	T062	C0242481
28214821	825	836	comparative	T062	C0242481
28214821	838	846	analytic	T062	C0242481
28214821	848	857	synthetic	T062	C0242481
28214821	862	892	comprehensive research methods	T062	C0242481
28214821	898	914	legal regulation	T089	C0680575
28214821	918	926	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28214821	945	960	medical purpose	T058	C0199168
28214821	964	971	Ukraine	T083	C0041580
28214821	1002	1016	European Union	T092	C0015179
28214821	1021	1045	United States of America	T083	C0041703
28214821	1082	1092	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28214821	1103	1113	developers	T098	C1257890
28214821	1115	1127	manufactures	T098	C1257890
28214821	1132	1141	end users	T098	C1706077
28214821	1156	1164	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28214821	1186	1201	medical purpose	T058	C0199168
28214821	1202	1210	criteria	T078	C0243161
28214821	1212	1220	Software	T073,T170	C0037585
28214821	1261	1276	medical devices	T074	C0025080
28214821	1278	1288	Developers	T098	C1257890
28214821	1293	1306	manufacturers	T098	C1257890
28214821	1342	1351	potential	T080	C3245505
28214821	1352	1357	risks	T078	C0035647
28214821	1361	1369	patients	T101	C0030705
28214821	1374	1379	users	T098	C1706077
28214821	1428	1436	patients	T101	C0030705
28214821	1440	1445	users	T098	C1706077
28214821	1488	1499	legislation	T170	C0600657
28214821	1531	1539	criteria	T078	C0243161
28214821	1548	1561	qualification	T080	C1709790
28214821	1565	1588	medical device software	T170	C3203880
28214821	1616	1630	classification	T185	C0008902
28214821	1631	1639	criteria	T078	C0243161
28214821	1648	1656	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28214821	1710	1725	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28214821	1737	1745	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28214821	1749	1763	medical device	T074	C0025080

28214898|t|Early Development of Parvalbumin -, Somatostatin -, and Cholecystokinin -Expressing Neurons in Rat Brain following Prenatal Immune Activation and Maternal Iron Deficiency
28214898|a|Prenatal maternal infection and maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy are 2 early environmental insults associated with increased risk for schizophrenia in offspring. Substantial evidence suggests that abnormalities in inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneuron function, especially in the parvalbumin subtype of GABA interneuron, both developmentally and in adulthood, may contribute mechanistically to cognitive deficits and psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. This study used a rat model to test whether prenatal immune activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; at gestation days, GD, 15 and 16) or maternal iron deficiency (from GD 2 to postnatal day P7) or the combination of both insults alters major subtypes of GABAergic interneurons (parvalbumin, somatostatin, cholecystokinin) in brain regions relevant to schizophrenia (medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [PFC], hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus, ventral subiculum) in offspring at P14 or P28. Prenatal LPS treatment significantly increased the density of parvalbumin - immunoreactive neurons at P14 in the medial PFC, dorsolateral PFC, and ventral subiculum of offspring born from iron-sufficient but not iron-deficient dams. Prenatal LPS also increased cholecystokinin neuron density in the medial PFC at P28, under both iron-sufficient and iron-deficient conditions. We observed a large increase in parvalbumin neuron density from P14 to P28 in the medial PFC and subiculum across all birth groups, that was not observed in other brain regions, and significant decreases in somatostatin neuron density from P14 to P28 in all brain regions examined across all birth groups, indicating differential developmental trajectories for parvalbumin and somatostatin neurons in various brain regions during this early postnatal period. Thus, it appears that the medial PFC and ventral subiculum, brain regions involved in circuitry modulating ventral tegmental dopamine and nucleus accumbens activities, may be regions vulnerable to effects of prenatal LPS on specific subpopulations of interneurons. It is known that the timing of maturation and expansion of parvalbumin neurons in early development provides threshold levels of inhibition that trigger critical periods for cortical plasticity, leading to long-term circuit consolidation. Thus, our finding of increased parvalbumin neuron density at early developmental times might suggest a mechanism by which an acute prenatal insult like LPS exposure could produce long-term changes in prefrontal cortical or subicular function.
28214898	0	17	Early Development	T033	C1856550
28214898	21	32	Parvalbumin	T116,T123	C0030616
28214898	36	48	Somatostatin	T116,T121,T125	C0037659
28214898	56	71	Cholecystokinin	T116,T121,T125	C0008328
28214898	84	91	Neurons	T025	C0027882
28214898	95	104	Rat Brain	T023	C1882598
28214898	115	123	Prenatal	T079	C2828394
28214898	124	141	Immune Activation	T043	C1155000
28214898	146	170	Maternal Iron Deficiency	T047	C0240066
28214898	171	179	Prenatal	T079	C2828394
28214898	180	198	maternal infection	T033	C0239997
28214898	203	227	maternal iron deficiency	T047	C0240066
28214898	235	244	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28214898	279	294	associated with	T080	C0332281
28214898	295	304	increased	T081	C0205217
28214898	305	309	risk	T078	C0035647
28214898	314	327	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28214898	331	340	offspring	T099	C0680063
28214898	342	362	Substantial evidence	T078	C3887511
28214898	377	390	abnormalities	T033	C1867987
28214898	394	443	inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneuron	T025	C0682694
28214898	405	424	γ-aminobutyric acid	T116,T123	C0016904
28214898	426	430	GABA	T116,T123	C0016904
28214898	444	452	function	T043	C0007613
28214898	472	483	parvalbumin	T116,T123	C0030616
28214898	484	491	subtype	T185	C0449560
28214898	495	511	GABA interneuron	T025	C0815002
28214898	538	550	in adulthood	T079	C2945655
28214898	586	604	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
28214898	609	627	psychotic symptoms	T184	C0871189
28214898	631	644	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28214898	664	667	rat	T015	C0034693
28214898	668	673	model	T050	C0012644
28214898	690	698	prenatal	T079	C2828394
28214898	699	716	immune activation	T043	C1155000
28214898	722	740	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28214898	742	745	LPS	T109	C0023810
28214898	750	759	gestation	T040	C0032961
28214898	760	764	days	T079	C0439228
28214898	766	768	GD	T079	C0439228
28214898	784	808	maternal iron deficiency	T047	C0240066
28214898	815	817	GD	T079	C0439228
28214898	823	836	postnatal day	T079	C0439228
28214898	889	897	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28214898	901	923	GABAergic interneurons	T025	C0815002
28214898	925	936	parvalbumin	T116,T123	C0030616
28214898	938	950	somatostatin	T116,T121,T125	C0037659
28214898	952	967	cholecystokinin	T116,T121,T125	C0008328
28214898	972	985	brain regions	T029	C1273723
28214898	998	1011	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28214898	1013	1019	medial	T023	C0162783
28214898	1024	1054	dorsolateral prefrontal cortex	T023	C4019080
28214898	1056	1059	PFC	T023	C0162783
28214898	1062	1077	hippocampal CA1	T029	C0694598
28214898	1082	1095	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
28214898	1097	1114	ventral subiculum	T023	C3499061
28214898	1119	1128	offspring	T099	C0680063
28214898	1144	1152	Prenatal	T079	C2828394
28214898	1153	1156	LPS	T109	C0023810
28214898	1157	1166	treatment	T061	C0087111
28214898	1181	1190	increased	T081	C0205217
28214898	1195	1202	density	T081	C0178587
28214898	1206	1217	parvalbumin	T116,T123	C0030616
28214898	1220	1242	immunoreactive neurons	T025	C0027882
28214898	1257	1263	medial	T082	C0205098
28214898	1264	1267	PFC	T023	C0162783
28214898	1269	1285	dorsolateral PFC	T023	C4019080
28214898	1291	1308	ventral subiculum	T023	C3499061
28214898	1312	1321	offspring	T099	C0680063
28214898	1322	1326	born	T040	C0005615
28214898	1332	1347	iron-sufficient	T033	C0243095
28214898	1356	1375	iron-deficient dams	T033	C0243095
28214898	1377	1385	Prenatal	T079	C2828394
28214898	1386	1389	LPS	T109	C0023810
28214898	1395	1404	increased	T081	C0205217
28214898	1405	1420	cholecystokinin	T116,T121,T125	C0008328
28214898	1421	1427	neuron	T025	C0027882
28214898	1428	1435	density	T081	C0178587
28214898	1443	1449	medial	T082	C0205098
28214898	1450	1453	PFC	T023	C0162783
28214898	1473	1488	iron-sufficient	T033	C0243095
28214898	1493	1518	iron-deficient conditions	T033	C0243095
28214898	1540	1548	increase	T169	C0442805
28214898	1552	1563	parvalbumin	T116,T123	C0030616
28214898	1564	1570	neuron	T025	C0027882
28214898	1571	1578	density	T081	C0178587
28214898	1602	1608	medial	T082	C0205098
28214898	1609	1612	PFC	T023	C0162783
28214898	1617	1626	subiculum	T023	C3499061
28214898	1638	1650	birth groups	T078	C0441833
28214898	1683	1696	brain regions	T029	C1273723
28214898	1714	1723	decreases	T081	C0547047
28214898	1727	1739	somatostatin	T116,T121,T125	C0037659
28214898	1740	1746	neuron	T025	C0027882
28214898	1747	1754	density	T081	C0178587
28214898	1778	1791	brain regions	T029	C1273723
28214898	1812	1824	birth groups	T078	C0441833
28214898	1837	1876	differential developmental trajectories	T080	C0205556
28214898	1881	1892	parvalbumin	T116,T123	C0030616
28214898	1897	1909	somatostatin	T116,T121,T125	C0037659
28214898	1910	1917	neurons	T025	C0027882
28214898	1929	1942	brain regions	T029	C1273723
28214898	1955	1977	early postnatal period	T079	C0871109
28214898	2005	2011	medial	T082	C0205098
28214898	2012	2015	PFC	T023	C0162783
28214898	2020	2037	ventral subiculum	T023	C3499061
28214898	2039	2052	brain regions	T029	C1273723
28214898	2065	2085	circuitry modulating	T042	C1254358
28214898	2086	2112	ventral tegmental dopamine	T023	C1183185
28214898	2117	2134	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
28214898	2135	2145	activities	T052	C0441655
28214898	2154	2161	regions	T029	C1273723
28214898	2176	2183	effects	T080	C1280500
28214898	2187	2195	prenatal	T079	C2828394
28214898	2196	2199	LPS	T109	C0023810
28214898	2212	2226	subpopulations	T185	C0008902
28214898	2230	2242	interneurons	T025	C0021792
28214898	2275	2285	maturation	T043	C1623343
28214898	2290	2299	expansion	T043	C0007595
28214898	2303	2314	parvalbumin	T116,T123	C0030616
28214898	2315	2322	neurons	T025	C0027882
28214898	2326	2343	early development	T033	C1856550
28214898	2353	2362	threshold	T080	C0449864
28214898	2363	2369	levels	T080	C0441889
28214898	2373	2383	inhibition	T042	C0027790
28214898	2397	2413	critical periods	T079	C0010339
28214898	2418	2437	cortical plasticity	T042	C0027880
28214898	2450	2481	long-term circuit consolidation	T041	C0679057
28214898	2504	2513	increased	T081	C0205217
28214898	2514	2525	parvalbumin	T116,T123	C0030616
28214898	2526	2532	neuron	T025	C0027882
28214898	2533	2540	density	T081	C0178587
28214898	2544	2569	early developmental times	T079	C0040223
28214898	2586	2595	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28214898	2608	2629	acute prenatal insult	T037	C0178314
28214898	2635	2638	LPS	T109	C0023810
28214898	2639	2647	exposure	T080	C0332157
28214898	2662	2671	long-term	T079	C0443252
28214898	2672	2679	changes	T169	C0392747
28214898	2683	2724	prefrontal cortical or subicular function	T042	C1254358

28215169|t|Bioactive Constituents from an Endophytic Fungus, Penicillium polonicum NFW9, associated with Taxus fauna
28215169|a|Endophytic fungi are being recognized as vital and untapped sources of a variety of structurally novel and unique bioactive secondary metabolites in the field of natural products drug discovery. Herein, this study reports the isolation and characterization of secondary metabolites from an endophytic fungus Penicillium polonicum (NFW9) associated with Taxus fuana. Extracts of the endophytic fungus cultured on potato dextrose agar were purified using several chromatographic techniques. Biological evaluation was performed based on their abilities to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)- induced nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cytotoxicity assays. Bioactivity - directed fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of a fermentation culture of an endophytic fungus, Penicillium polonicum led to the isolation of a dimeric anthraquinone, (R)-1,1',3,3',5,5'-hexahydroxy-7,7'-dimethyl[2,2'-bianthracene]-9,9',10,10'-tetraone (1), a steroidal furanoid (-)-wortmannolone (2), along with three other compounds (3  4). Moreover, this is the first report on the isolation of compound 1 from an endophytic fungus. All purified metabolites were characterized by NMR and MS data analyses. The stereo structure of compound 1 was determined by the measurement of specific optical rotation and CD spectrum. The relative stereochemistry of 2 was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compounds 2  3 showed inhibitory activities in TNF-α - induced NF-κB assay with IC50 values in the range of 0.472.11 µM. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 showed moderate inhibition against NF-κB and cancer cell lines. The endophytic fungus Penicillium polonicum of Taxus fuana is capable of producing biologically active natural compounds. Our results provide a scientific rationale for further chemical investigations into endophyte -producing natural products, drug discovery and development.
28215169	0	22	Bioactive Constituents	T167	C3714412
28215169	31	48	Endophytic Fungus	T004	C1265415
28215169	50	71	Penicillium polonicum	T004	C1084254
28215169	72	76	NFW9	T004	C1084254
28215169	94	105	Taxus fauna	T002	C2618198
28215169	106	122	Endophytic fungi	T004	C1265415
28215169	147	173	vital and untapped sources	T033	C0449416
28215169	220	229	bioactive	T167	C3714412
28215169	230	251	secondary metabolites	T123	C0870883
28215169	268	284	natural products	T123	C1566558
28215169	285	299	drug discovery	T062	C0920472
28215169	314	319	study	T062	C2603343
28215169	332	341	isolation	T169	C0205409
28215169	346	362	characterization	T052	C1880022
28215169	366	387	secondary metabolites	T123	C0870883
28215169	396	413	endophytic fungus	T004	C1265415
28215169	414	435	Penicillium polonicum	T004	C1084254
28215169	437	441	NFW9	T004	C1084254
28215169	459	470	Taxus fuana	T002	C2618198
28215169	472	480	Extracts	T167	C2828366
28215169	488	505	endophytic fungus	T004	C1265415
28215169	518	538	potato dextrose agar	T130	C3266617
28215169	544	552	purified	T169	C0243114
28215169	567	593	chromatographic techniques	T059	C3826567
28215169	595	605	Biological	T080	C0205460
28215169	606	616	evaluation	T062	C0015195
28215169	646	655	abilities	T032	C0085732
28215169	659	666	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28215169	667	694	tumor necrosis factor-alpha	T116,T129	C1456820
28215169	696	701	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28215169	704	711	induced	T169	C0205263
28215169	712	734	nuclear factor-kappa B	T116,T129	C0079904
28215169	736	741	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28215169	747	766	cytotoxicity assays	T059	C0201622
28215169	768	779	Bioactivity	T167	C3714412
28215169	782	790	directed	T080	C1947931
28215169	791	804	fractionation	T081	C1264633
28215169	812	825	ethyl acetate	T109,T121	C0059747
28215169	826	833	extract	T167	C2828366
28215169	839	851	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28215169	852	859	culture	T059	C0430400
28215169	866	883	endophytic fungus	T004	C1265415
28215169	885	906	Penicillium polonicum	T004	C1084254
28215169	918	927	isolation	T169	C0205409
28215169	933	954	dimeric anthraquinone	T109,T121	C0003174
28215169	956	1040	(R)-1,1',3,3',5,5'-hexahydroxy-7,7'-dimethyl[2,2'-bianthracene]-9,9',10,10'-tetraone	T121	C1254351
28215169	1042	1043	1	T121	C1254351
28215169	1048	1084	steroidal furanoid (-)-wortmannolone	T121	C1254351
28215169	1086	1087	2	T121	C1254351
28215169	1107	1122	other compounds	T121	C1254351
28215169	1124	1125	3	T121	C1254351
28215169	1128	1129	4	T121	C1254351
28215169	1154	1166	first report	T170	C0684224
28215169	1174	1183	isolation	T169	C0205409
28215169	1187	1197	compound 1	T121	C1254351
28215169	1206	1216	endophytic	T004	C1265415
28215169	1206	1223	endophytic fungus	T004	C1265415
28215169	1229	1249	purified metabolites	T123	C0870883
28215169	1272	1275	NMR	T059	C0201731
28215169	1280	1282	MS	T059	C0037813
28215169	1283	1296	data analyses	T057	C0010992
28215169	1302	1318	stereo structure	T082	C2350023
28215169	1322	1332	compound 1	T121	C1254351
28215169	1355	1366	measurement	T169	C0242485
28215169	1370	1395	specific optical rotation	T070	C0029141
28215169	1400	1411	CD spectrum	T070	C1519445
28215169	1417	1441	relative stereochemistry	T082	C2350023
28215169	1445	1446	2	T121	C1254351
28215169	1464	1496	single-crystal X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
28215169	1498	1509	Compounds 2	T121	C1254351
28215169	1512	1513	3	T121	C1254351
28215169	1521	1531	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28215169	1532	1542	activities	T052	C0441655
28215169	1546	1551	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28215169	1554	1561	induced	T169	C0205263
28215169	1562	1567	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28215169	1568	1573	assay	T059	C1510438
28215169	1579	1583	IC50	T081	C0600495
28215169	1584	1590	values	T081	C1522609
28215169	1621	1632	Compounds 1	T121	C1254351
28215169	1634	1635	4	T121	C1254351
28215169	1640	1641	5	T121	C1254351
28215169	1658	1668	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28215169	1677	1682	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28215169	1687	1693	cancer	T191	C0006826
28215169	1694	1704	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28215169	1710	1727	endophytic fungus	T004	C1265415
28215169	1728	1749	Penicillium polonicum	T004	C1084254
28215169	1753	1764	Taxus fuana	T002	C2618198
28215169	1789	1826	biologically active natural compounds	T123	C0574031
28215169	1832	1839	results	T169	C1274040
28215169	1850	1870	scientific rationale	T062	C0683933
28215169	1883	1906	chemical investigations	T062	C0683933
28215169	1912	1921	endophyte	T004	C1265415
28215169	1933	1949	natural products	T123	C1566558
28215169	1951	1965	drug discovery	T062	C0920472
28215169	1970	1981	development	T091	C0872152

28215490|t|Left parapharyngeal ectopic goitre associated with eutopic thyroid and postoperative Horner's syndrome
28215490|a|The authors report a case of left parapharyngeal ectopic goitre, in which resection was followed by postoperative Horner's syndrome, and describe the difficult management of this entity. A 25-year-old woman presented with upper oesophageal dysphagia and a well-demarcated left parapharyngeal mass displacing the great vessels laterally and posteriorly. The mass was resected via an exploratory neck incision. Histological examination of the operative specimen revealed hyperplastic thyroid parenchyma. The postoperative work-up revealed a eutopic and euthyroid thyroid gland. The postoperative course was marked by Horner's syndrome that persisted at 1-year follow-up. Parapharyngeal ectopic thyroid coexisting with a functional thyroid is extremely rare. Parapharyngeal masses are usually derived from the parotid gland and nerves. Surgery of the parapharyngeal space can cause injury to the sympathetic trunk, responsible for Horner's syndrome, as in our patient. Ectopic thyroid should be considered as a possible diagnosis of a parapharyngeal mass. Although rare, Horner's syndrome is a dreaded complication of surgery of the parapharyngeal space.
28215490	0	19	Left parapharyngeal	T030	C0926857
28215490	20	34	ectopic goitre	T046	C0018021
28215490	35	50	associated with	T080	C0332281
28215490	51	66	eutopic thyroid	T023	C0040132
28215490	71	84	postoperative	T046	C0032787
28215490	85	102	Horner's syndrome	T047	C0019937
28215490	132	151	left parapharyngeal	T030	C0926857
28215490	152	166	ectopic goitre	T046	C0018021
28215490	177	186	resection	T061	C0728940
28215490	203	216	postoperative	T046	C0032787
28215490	217	234	Horner's syndrome	T047	C0019937
28215490	263	273	management	T058	C0376636
28215490	304	309	woman	T098	C0043210
28215490	325	352	upper oesophageal dysphagia	T047	C0267072
28215490	375	394	left parapharyngeal	T030	C0926857
28215490	395	428	mass displacing the great vessels	T019	C0040761
28215490	429	454	laterally and posteriorly	T082	C1254362
28215490	460	477	mass was resected	T033	C1335760
28215490	485	510	exploratory neck incision	T061	C0185778
28215490	512	536	Histological examination	UnknownType	C0679557
28215490	544	562	operative specimen	T058	C3826454
28215490	572	603	hyperplastic thyroid parenchyma	T046	C0020507
28215490	609	630	postoperative work-up	T058	C0032786
28215490	642	677	eutopic and euthyroid thyroid gland	T023	C0040132
28215490	683	703	postoperative course	T058	C0032786
28215490	718	735	Horner's syndrome	T047	C0019937
28215490	772	802	Parapharyngeal ectopic thyroid	T033	C2700429
28215490	821	839	functional thyroid	T023	C0040132
28215490	859	880	Parapharyngeal masses	T191	C0345756
28215490	910	923	parotid gland	T023	C0030580
28215490	928	934	nerves	T024	C0027740
28215490	936	943	Surgery	T061	C0543467
28215490	951	971	parapharyngeal space	T030	C1278824
28215490	976	988	cause injury	T033	C0552510
28215490	996	1013	sympathetic trunk	T023	C0228972
28215490	1031	1048	Horner's syndrome	T047	C0019937
28215490	1060	1067	patient	T101	C0030705
28215490	1069	1084	Ectopic thyroid	T023	C1260616
28215490	1120	1129	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28215490	1135	1154	parapharyngeal mass	T191	C0345756
28215490	1171	1188	Horner's syndrome	T047	C0019937
28215490	1194	1225	dreaded complication of surgery	T046	C3825618
28215490	1233	1253	parapharyngeal space	T030	C1278824

28215507|t|Significance of uterine corpus tumor invasion in early-stage cervical cancer
28215507|a|To examine characteristics and survival outcomes of women with surgically-treated cervical cancer exhibiting uterine corpus tumor invasion. We utilized The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program to identify cervical cancer patients who underwent hysterectomy between 1973 and 2003. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for uterine corpus tumor invasion on multivariable analysis. Association of uterine corpus tumor invasion and cause-specific survival (CSS) from cervical cancer was examined with Cox proportional hazard regression models on multivariable analysis. We identified 837 (4.9%) cases of uterine corpus invasion and 16,237 (95.1%) cases of non-invasion. Median follow-up time was 14.0 years. There were 1642 deaths due to cervical cancer. Uterine corpus invasion was independently associated with older age, non-squamous histology, high-grade tumors, large tumor size, and nodal metastasis on multivariable analysis (all, P < 0.001). On univariable analysis, uterine corpus tumor invasion was significantly associated with decreased CSS compared to the non-invasion (5-year rates, 79.0% versus 94.5%, P < 0.001). After controlling for other significant prognostic factors, uterine corpus tumor invasion remained an independent prognostic factor for decreased CSS (adjusted-hazard ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.74). Among stage T1b cases (n = 6730), uterine corpus tumor invasion remained an independent prognostic factor for decreased CSS (adjusted-hazard ratio 1.95, 95%CI 1.47-2.60). Uterine corpus tumor invasion was significantly associated with decreased CSS in stage T1b1 disease (74.5% versus 90.7%, P < 0.001) and in stage T1b2 disease (67.0% versus 79.5%, P = 0.01). Uterine corpus tumor invasion is an independent prognostic factor for decreased survival of women with early-stage cervical cancer.
28215507	0	12	Significance	T078	C0750502
28215507	16	36	uterine corpus tumor	T191	C0153574
28215507	37	45	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	49	60	early-stage	T185	C1517886
28215507	61	76	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
28215507	88	103	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28215507	108	116	survival	T052	C0038952
28215507	117	125	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28215507	129	134	women	T098	C0043210
28215507	140	158	surgically-treated	T061	C0543467
28215507	159	174	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
28215507	186	206	uterine corpus tumor	T191	C0153574
28215507	207	215	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	233	284	Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program	T093	C0242638
28215507	297	312	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
28215507	313	321	patients	T101	C0030705
28215507	336	348	hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28215507	372	398	Logistic regression models	UnknownType	C0681925
28215507	421	433	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28215507	438	458	uterine corpus tumor	T191	C0153574
28215507	459	467	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	471	493	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28215507	495	506	Association	T080	C0439849
28215507	510	530	uterine corpus tumor	T191	C0153574
28215507	531	539	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	544	567	cause-specific survival	T081	C1707318
28215507	569	572	CSS	T081	C1707318
28215507	579	594	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
28215507	613	654	Cox proportional hazard regression models	T170	C0034980
28215507	658	680	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28215507	716	730	uterine corpus	T191	C0153574
28215507	731	739	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	768	780	non-invasion	T169	C0205303
28215507	782	788	Median	T081	C0876920
28215507	789	798	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28215507	799	803	time	T079	C0040223
28215507	836	842	deaths	T040	C0011065
28215507	850	865	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
28215507	867	881	Uterine corpus	T191	C0153574
28215507	882	890	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	895	908	independently	T078	C0085862
28215507	909	924	associated with	T080	C0332281
28215507	925	934	older age	T032	C0001779
28215507	936	958	non-squamous histology	T169	C4048239
28215507	960	977	high-grade tumors	T191	C1334017
28215507	979	995	large tumor size	T082	C0475440
28215507	1001	1006	nodal	T082	C0443268
28215507	1007	1017	metastasis	T191	C0027627
28215507	1021	1043	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28215507	1065	1085	univariable analysis	T062	C0683962
28215507	1087	1107	uterine corpus tumor	T191	C0153574
28215507	1108	1116	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	1135	1150	associated with	T080	C0332281
28215507	1151	1160	decreased	T081	C0205216
28215507	1161	1164	CSS	T081	C1707318
28215507	1181	1193	non-invasion	T169	C0205303
28215507	1247	1258	controlling	T067	C2239193
28215507	1269	1280	significant	T078	C0750502
28215507	1281	1299	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
28215507	1301	1321	uterine corpus tumor	T191	C0153574
28215507	1322	1330	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	1343	1354	independent	T078	C0085862
28215507	1355	1372	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
28215507	1377	1386	decreased	T081	C0205216
28215507	1387	1390	CSS	T081	C1707318
28215507	1392	1413	adjusted-hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28215507	1424	1443	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28215507	1462	1471	stage T1b	T185	C0475385
28215507	1490	1510	uterine corpus tumor	T191	C0153574
28215507	1511	1519	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	1532	1543	independent	T078	C0085862
28215507	1544	1561	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
28215507	1566	1575	decreased	T081	C0205216
28215507	1576	1579	CSS	T081	C1707318
28215507	1581	1602	adjusted-hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28215507	1627	1647	Uterine corpus tumor	T191	C0153574
28215507	1648	1656	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	1675	1690	associated with	T080	C0332281
28215507	1691	1700	decreased	T081	C0205216
28215507	1701	1704	CSS	T081	C1707318
28215507	1708	1718	stage T1b1	T170	C0730458
28215507	1719	1726	disease	T191	C0153574
28215507	1766	1776	stage T1b2	T170	C0730459
28215507	1777	1784	disease	T191	C0153574
28215507	1817	1837	Uterine corpus tumor	T191	C0153574
28215507	1838	1846	invasion	T033	C1269955
28215507	1853	1864	independent	T078	C0085862
28215507	1865	1882	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
28215507	1887	1896	decreased	T081	C0205216
28215507	1897	1905	survival	T052	C0038952
28215507	1909	1914	women	T098	C0043210
28215507	1920	1931	early-stage	T185	C1517886
28215507	1932	1947	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847

28216278|t|Outcomes of Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma and Bone Metastases in the Targeted Therapy Era
28216278|a|Bone metastases (BMs) occur commonly in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved the outcomes for patients with mRCC. However, data on the outcomes of mRCC patients with BMs treated with TKIs are limited. We describe the outcomes of patients with BMs treated with TKI therapy and compare them with the outcomes from a pre-TKI group. Using an institutional tumor registry, a retrospective review of patients with mRCC from 2002 to 2003 and 2006 to 2007 was performed. The baseline characteristics were analyzed, and overall survival (OS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The predictors of OS were analyzed using Cox regression analysis. The data from 375 patients were reviewed. Of these patients, 188 (50%) started treatment with TKIs and 187 (50%) had started treatment in the pre-TKI era. The distribution of patient characteristics was similar. The sites of organ metastases were equally distributed, including BMs in 48% of the patients in each cohort. The median OS for the patients treated in the TKI era was 22 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 17-25 months) compared with 14 months (95% CI, 10-19 months; P < .01) for the historical controls. A subset analysis of patients with BM in the TKI era demonstrated a median OS of 24 months (95% CI, 17-28 months) compared with 18 months (95% CI, 10-21 months; P < .01) in pre-TKI era. The predictors of shorter OS were a higher Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center score; liver, lung, and brain metastases; and multiple sites of BMs (hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.02-1.91; P = .04). The rate of new BM development was the same in the pre- and post- TKI era. The rate of BM development was the same in the pre- and post- TKI era. The management of BMs in patients with mRCC remains challenging.
28216278	0	8	Outcomes	T081	C0086749
28216278	12	20	Patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	26	57	Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0278678
28216278	62	77	Bone Metastases	T191	C0153690
28216278	85	101	Targeted Therapy	T061	C2985566
28216278	102	105	Era	T079	C0681698
28216278	106	121	Bone metastases	T191	C0153690
28216278	123	126	BMs	T191	C0153690
28216278	146	154	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	160	191	metastatic renal cell carcinoma	T191	C0278678
28216278	193	197	mRCC	T191	C0278678
28216278	200	226	Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	T121	C1268567
28216278	228	232	TKIs	T121	C1268567
28216278	239	247	improved	T033	C0184511
28216278	252	260	outcomes	T081	C0086749
28216278	265	273	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	279	283	mRCC	T191	C0278678
28216278	294	298	data	T078	C1511726
28216278	306	314	outcomes	T081	C0086749
28216278	318	322	mRCC	T191	C0278678
28216278	323	331	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	337	340	BMs	T191	C0153690
28216278	341	353	treated with	T061	C0332293
28216278	354	358	TKIs	T121	C1268567
28216278	363	370	limited	T169	C0439801
28216278	388	396	outcomes	T081	C0086749
28216278	400	408	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	414	417	BMs	T191	C0153690
28216278	418	430	treated with	T061	C0332293
28216278	431	434	TKI	T121	C1268567
28216278	435	442	therapy	T061	C0087111
28216278	447	454	compare	T052	C1707455
28216278	469	477	outcomes	T081	C0086749
28216278	485	498	pre-TKI group	T121	C1268567
28216278	509	537	institutional tumor registry	T170	C1315080
28216278	541	561	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
28216278	565	573	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	579	583	mRCC	T191	C0278678
28216278	623	632	performed	T169	C0884358
28216278	638	646	baseline	T081	C1442488
28216278	647	662	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28216278	668	676	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28216278	682	698	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28216278	700	702	OS	T081	C4086681
28216278	728	747	Kaplan-Meier method	T170	C0025663
28216278	753	763	predictors	T078	C2698872
28216278	767	769	OS	T081	C4086681
28216278	775	783	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28216278	790	813	Cox regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28216278	819	823	data	T078	C1511726
28216278	833	841	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	847	855	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28216278	866	874	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	886	893	started	T080	C1272689
28216278	894	903	treatment	T061	C0087111
28216278	909	913	TKIs	T121	C1268567
28216278	928	939	had started	T080	C1272689
28216278	940	949	treatment	T061	C0087111
28216278	957	964	pre-TKI	T121	C1268567
28216278	965	968	era	T079	C0681698
28216278	974	986	distribution	T169	C1704711
28216278	990	997	patient	T101	C0030705
28216278	998	1013	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28216278	1018	1025	similar	T080	C2348205
28216278	1031	1036	sites	T082	C0205145
28216278	1040	1045	organ	T023	C0178784
28216278	1046	1056	metastases	T191	C0027627
28216278	1070	1081	distributed	T169	C1704711
28216278	1093	1096	BMs	T191	C0153690
28216278	1111	1119	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	1128	1134	cohort	T098	C0599755
28216278	1140	1146	median	T081	C0876920
28216278	1147	1149	OS	T081	C4086681
28216278	1158	1166	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	1167	1174	treated	T061	C0332293
28216278	1182	1185	TKI	T121	C1268567
28216278	1186	1189	era	T079	C0681698
28216278	1197	1203	months	T079	C0439231
28216278	1209	1228	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28216278	1230	1232	CI	T081	C0009667
28216278	1241	1247	months	T079	C0439231
28216278	1249	1257	compared	T052	C1707455
28216278	1266	1272	months	T079	C0439231
28216278	1278	1280	CI	T081	C0009667
28216278	1288	1294	months	T079	C0439231
28216278	1313	1332	historical controls	T098	C2986415
28216278	1343	1351	analysis	T062	C0936012
28216278	1355	1363	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	1369	1371	BM	T191	C0153690
28216278	1379	1382	TKI	T121	C1268567
28216278	1383	1386	era	T079	C0681698
28216278	1402	1408	median	T081	C0876920
28216278	1409	1411	OS	T081	C4086681
28216278	1418	1424	months	T079	C0439231
28216278	1430	1432	CI	T081	C0009667
28216278	1440	1446	months	T079	C0439231
28216278	1448	1456	compared	T052	C1707455
28216278	1465	1471	months	T079	C0439231
28216278	1477	1479	CI	T081	C0009667
28216278	1487	1493	months	T079	C0439231
28216278	1507	1514	pre-TKI	T121	C1268567
28216278	1515	1518	era	T079	C0681698
28216278	1524	1534	predictors	T078	C2698872
28216278	1538	1545	shorter	T081	C1806781
28216278	1546	1548	OS	T081	C4086681
28216278	1556	1562	higher	T080	C0205250
28216278	1563	1607	Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center score	T081	C0449820
28216278	1609	1614	liver	T191	C0494165
28216278	1616	1620	lung	T191	C0153676
28216278	1626	1642	brain metastases	T191	C0220650
28216278	1648	1662	multiple sites	T082	C0205145
28216278	1666	1669	BMs	T191	C0153690
28216278	1671	1683	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28216278	1695	1697	CI	T081	C0009667
28216278	1724	1728	rate	T081	C1521828
28216278	1736	1738	BM	T191	C0153690
28216278	1739	1750	development	T169	C1527148
28216278	1759	1763	same	T080	C0445247
28216278	1786	1789	TKI	T121	C1268567
28216278	1790	1793	era	T079	C0681698
28216278	1799	1803	rate	T081	C1521828
28216278	1807	1809	BM	T191	C0153690
28216278	1810	1821	development	T169	C1527148
28216278	1830	1834	same	T080	C0445247
28216278	1857	1860	TKI	T121	C1268567
28216278	1861	1864	era	T079	C0681698
28216278	1870	1880	management	T058	C0376636
28216278	1884	1887	BMs	T191	C0153690
28216278	1891	1899	patients	T101	C0030705
28216278	1905	1909	mRCC	T191	C0278678
28216278	1918	1929	challenging	T058	C0805586

28217198|t|Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis of the Thumb - Minimum of Eight Months Follow-up
28217198|a|Disorders of the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint can lead to significant loss of function and pain. Thumb MCP arthrodesis following traumatic injuries is inadequately described and recent studies have questioned the outcome of this treatment. The purpose of this study was to report outcome and disability following thumb MCP joint arthrodesis in the treatment of chronic instability after traumatic injuries. A retrospective review of 26 patients operated on with MCP joint arthrodesis, median follow-up 42 months (8-104 months). Subjective outcome was assessed using the disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand-questionnaire (DASH). In addition, patient satisfaction, pain, stiffness, and impairment of activities of daily living were assessed on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) followed by a question stating whether they would undergo the same procedure again. Two patients (7.7%) needed re-operation due to nonunion. Four patients (15.4%) needed hardware removal. Median DASH - score was 18 (25-75% range 6-47), with lower DASH score s being better. Score s were significantly worse in gender and age matched individuals (p<0.05). Median VAS for pain was 3.7 (range 0-8). More than 50% of patients reported mild, moderate or severe pain, but all patients reported that they were willing to undergo the same procedure again. Our data suggest, that patients with post-traumatic thumb injuries managed with thumb MCP joint arthrodesis perform worse than gender and age matched individuals. Many lived with pain, but all reported that they were willing to undergo the same procedure again. We suggest that the disability scale by the National Board of Industrial Injuries should be reconsidered for patients operated on with thumb MCP arthrodesis.
28217198	0	37	Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis	T061	C0187606
28217198	45	50	Thumb	T023	C0040067
28217198	70	76	Months	T079	C0439231
28217198	77	86	Follow-up	T058	C1522577
28217198	87	96	Disorders	T047	C0012634
28217198	104	141	thumb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint	T030	C0224627
28217198	166	170	loss	T081	C1517945
28217198	174	182	function	T039	C1254359
28217198	187	191	pain	T184	C0030193
28217198	193	202	Thumb MCP	T030	C0224627
28217198	203	214	arthrodesis	T061	C0003881
28217198	225	243	traumatic injuries	T037	C3263723
28217198	260	269	described	T078	C1552738
28217198	281	288	studies	T062	C2603343
28217198	309	316	outcome	T169	C1274040
28217198	325	334	treatment	T061	C0087111
28217198	356	361	study	T062	C2603343
28217198	369	375	report	T058	C0700287
28217198	376	383	outcome	T169	C1274040
28217198	388	398	disability	T033	C0231170
28217198	409	424	thumb MCP joint	T030	C0224627
28217198	425	436	arthrodesis	T061	C0003881
28217198	444	453	treatment	T061	C0087111
28217198	457	476	chronic instability	T046	C0409364
28217198	483	501	traumatic injuries	T037	C3263723
28217198	505	518	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28217198	519	525	review	T061	C0451610
28217198	532	540	patients	T101	C0030705
28217198	541	549	operated	T061	C0543467
28217198	558	567	MCP joint	T030	C0224627
28217198	568	579	arthrodesis	T061	C0003881
28217198	588	597	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28217198	601	607	months	T079	C0439231
28217198	615	621	months	T079	C0439231
28217198	635	642	outcome	T169	C1274040
28217198	647	655	assessed	T052	C1516048
28217198	666	723	disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand-questionnaire	T170	C4295796
28217198	725	729	DASH	T170	C4295796
28217198	745	765	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
28217198	767	771	pain	T184	C0030193
28217198	773	782	stiffness	T184	C0427008
28217198	788	798	impairment	T169	C0221099
28217198	802	828	activities of daily living	T056	C0001288
28217198	834	842	assessed	T052	C1516048
28217198	848	869	Visual Analogue Scale	T060	C3536884
28217198	871	874	VAS	T060	C3536884
28217198	943	952	procedure	T169	C2700391
28217198	964	972	patients	T101	C0030705
28217198	987	999	re-operation	T061	C0035110
28217198	1007	1015	nonunion	T033	C3897107
28217198	1022	1030	patients	T101	C0030705
28217198	1046	1062	hardware removal	T061	C1096445
28217198	1064	1070	Median	T081	C0876920
28217198	1071	1075	DASH	T170	C4295796
28217198	1078	1083	score	T081	C0449820
28217198	1099	1104	range	T081	C1514721
28217198	1123	1127	DASH	T170	C4295796
28217198	1128	1135	score s	T081	C0449820
28217198	1150	1157	Score s	T081	C0449820
28217198	1186	1192	gender	T032	C0079399
28217198	1197	1200	age	T032	C0001779
28217198	1209	1220	individuals	T098	C0237401
28217198	1231	1237	Median	T081	C0876920
28217198	1238	1241	VAS	T060	C3536884
28217198	1246	1250	pain	T184	C0030193
28217198	1260	1265	range	T081	C1514721
28217198	1289	1297	patients	T101	C0030705
28217198	1307	1311	mild	T033	C0278138
28217198	1313	1321	moderate	T184	C0278139
28217198	1325	1336	severe pain	T033	C0278140
28217198	1346	1354	patients	T101	C0030705
28217198	1407	1416	procedure	T169	C2700391
28217198	1428	1432	data	T078	C1511726
28217198	1447	1455	patients	T101	C0030705
28217198	1461	1475	post-traumatic	T079	C1254367
28217198	1476	1490	thumb injuries	T037	C0262649
28217198	1504	1519	thumb MCP joint	T030	C0224627
28217198	1520	1531	arthrodesis	T061	C0003881
28217198	1551	1557	gender	T032	C0079399
28217198	1562	1565	age	T032	C0001779
28217198	1574	1585	individuals	T098	C0237401
28217198	1603	1607	pain	T184	C0030193
28217198	1669	1678	procedure	T169	C2700391
28217198	1706	1722	disability scale	T170	C0451125
28217198	1730	1767	National Board of Industrial Injuries	T092	C1948070
28217198	1795	1803	patients	T101	C0030705
28217198	1804	1812	operated	T061	C0543467
28217198	1821	1830	thumb MCP	T030	C0224627
28217198	1831	1842	arthrodesis	T061	C0003881

28217505|t|Noncommunicable disease in rural India: Are we seriously underestimating the risk? The Nallampatti noncommunicable disease study
28217505|a|To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in a true rural farming population in South India and compare the data with the landmark contemporary Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study. Local Ethics Committee approval and informed consent was obtained from all participants. Inclusion criteria were participants, aged ≥20 and ≤85 years, from Nallampatti, a classical farming village from Tamil Nadu state, India. All participants were administered a detailed questionnaire, had anthropometric measurements including height, weight, and waist circumference. Bloods were drawn for random blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), nonfasting lipid profile, Cystatin C, uric acid, and hemoglobin. All participants had carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) done by high-resolution B-mode carotid ultrasound. More than 50% of the population had either diabetes or prediabetes based on HbA1c. Nearly, 40% of the population had hypertension with suboptimal control in those with known hypertension. Nearly, a third of the population had dyslipidemia, elevated cystatin C levels, and abnormal CIMT. The burden was higher than the comparable ICMR-INDIAB study in rural Tamil Nadu. One-third to one-half of this rural farming population is at risk of cardiovascular disease, with poor control of preexisting cardiovascular risk factors. Current Indian data may underestimate the risk in different ethnic populations and regions of India. Long-term follow-up of this cohort for the incident cardiovascular disease will shed light on the true cardiovascular risk in a typical South Indian rural farming population.
28217505	0	23	Noncommunicable disease	T047	C0007222
28217505	27	38	rural India	T083	C0021201
28217505	77	81	risk	T080	C1444641
28217505	87	98	Nallampatti	T083	C0017446
28217505	99	122	noncommunicable disease	T047	C0007222
28217505	123	128	study	T062	C2603343
28217505	157	181	noncommunicable diseases	T047	C0007222
28217505	192	205	rural farming	T090	C0001829
28217505	206	216	population	T098	C1257890
28217505	220	231	South India	T083	C0021201
28217505	262	353	landmark contemporary Indian Council of Medical Research-India Diabetes (ICMR-INDIAB) study	T170	C0451290
28217505	355	377	Local Ethics Committee	T097	C0085546
28217505	430	442	participants	T098	C0679646
28217505	444	462	Inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28217505	468	480	participants	T098	C0679646
28217505	511	522	Nallampatti	T083	C0017446
28217505	536	543	farming	T090	C0001829
28217505	544	551	village	T083	C0562518
28217505	557	573	Tamil Nadu state	T083	C0017446
28217505	575	580	India	T083	C0021201
28217505	586	598	participants	T098	C0679646
28217505	628	641	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28217505	647	674	anthropometric measurements	T081	C0815129
28217505	685	691	height	T032	C0489786
28217505	693	699	weight	T081	C0043100
28217505	705	724	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
28217505	726	732	Bloods	T031	C0005767
28217505	748	768	random blood glucose	T059	C0428567
28217505	770	789	glycated hemoglobin	T059	C0202054
28217505	791	796	HbA1c	T059	C0202054
28217505	799	823	nonfasting lipid profile	T059	C0430044
28217505	825	835	Cystatin C	T059	C1619716
28217505	837	846	uric acid	T059	C0202239
28217505	852	862	hemoglobin	T059	C0518015
28217505	868	880	participants	T098	C0679646
28217505	885	915	carotid intima-media thickness	T201	C1960466
28217505	917	921	CIMT	T201	C1960466
28217505	931	946	high-resolution	T059	C1719039
28217505	947	972	B-mode carotid ultrasound	T060	C0554757
28217505	995	1005	population	T098	C1257890
28217505	1017	1025	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28217505	1029	1040	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
28217505	1050	1055	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0017853
28217505	1076	1086	population	T098	C1257890
28217505	1091	1103	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28217505	1109	1127	suboptimal control	T080	C2984009
28217505	1148	1160	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28217505	1185	1195	population	T098	C1257890
28217505	1200	1212	dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
28217505	1214	1240	elevated cystatin C levels	T059	C1619716
28217505	1246	1254	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28217505	1255	1259	CIMT	T201	C1960466
28217505	1303	1320	ICMR-INDIAB study	T170	C0451290
28217505	1324	1340	rural Tamil Nadu	T083	C0017446
28217505	1372	1385	rural farming	T090	C0001829
28217505	1386	1396	population	T098	C1257890
28217505	1403	1407	risk	T080	C1444641
28217505	1411	1433	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28217505	1468	1495	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28217505	1505	1511	Indian	T098	C1524069
28217505	1539	1543	risk	T047	C0850624
28217505	1557	1575	ethnic populations	T098	C0015031
28217505	1591	1596	India	T083	C0021201
28217505	1598	1617	Long-term follow-up	T058	C1517942
28217505	1626	1632	cohort	T081	C0009247
28217505	1650	1672	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28217505	1701	1720	cardiovascular risk	T047	C0850624
28217505	1734	1746	South Indian	T083	C0021201
28217505	1747	1760	rural farming	T090	C0001829
28217505	1761	1771	population	T098	C1257890

28217588|t|Promotion of sanitation and hygiene in a rural area of South India: A community-based study
28217588|a|Globally, billions of people do not have access to improved sanitation and many defecate in the open air. Poor hand washing practices and limited access to sanitation facilities perpetuate the transmission of disease -causing germs. The objectives of the study were to find out the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) on sanitary latrine, footwear, and hand washing among rural people and to assess the improvement in KAP after health education intervention. A health education intervention study was conducted from November 2012 to January 2014 in a rural area of Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, South India among the people aged 15 years and above. The individuals were selected by multistage random sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. After a baseline KAP assessment, intervention activities were conducted twice. The intervention activities were group level talks and discussions, free soap distribution, and display of posters at anganwadi centers. Post-KAP was assessed twice, and the significance of difference was found by using McNemar's test. After the intervention, there was a significant improvement in the overall KAPs among the subjects in post test-1 and post test-2 (P1 < 0.0001, P2 < 0.0001), respectively. Health education as an intervention has significantly increased KAP more than 30%. Hence, it is imperative that education interventions are needed to bring or sustain positive change.
28217588	0	9	Promotion	T058	C0018738
28217588	13	23	sanitation	T033	C0237142
28217588	28	35	hygiene	T033	C0518462
28217588	41	51	rural area	T082	C0178837
28217588	55	66	South India	T083	C0021201
28217588	70	91	community-based study	T062	C4289598
28217588	114	120	people	T098	C0027361
28217588	152	162	sanitation	T033	C0237142
28217588	188	196	open air	T067	C0557729
28217588	203	215	hand washing	T052	C0018581
28217588	216	225	practices	T041	C0032893
28217588	230	237	limited	T169	C0439801
28217588	238	244	access	T169	C1554204
28217588	248	269	sanitation facilities	T033	C0237142
28217588	285	297	transmission	T046	C0242781
28217588	301	308	disease	T047	C0012634
28217588	318	323	germs	T001	C0445623
28217588	374	379	level	T080	C0441889
28217588	383	392	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28217588	394	403	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28217588	409	418	practices	T041	C0032893
28217588	420	424	KAPs	T170	C0282574
28217588	429	445	sanitary latrine	T073	C0023124
28217588	447	455	footwear	T073	C0336894
28217588	461	473	hand washing	T052	C0018581
28217588	480	485	rural	T033	C0240919
28217588	486	492	people	T098	C0027361
28217588	500	506	assess	T058	C0184514
28217588	526	529	KAP	T170	C0282574
28217588	536	552	health education	T065	C0018701
28217588	553	565	intervention	T058	C1273869
28217588	569	585	health education	T065	C0018701
28217588	586	604	intervention study	T170	C1096775
28217588	659	669	rural area	T082	C0178837
28217588	673	679	Kuppam	UnknownType	C0681784
28217588	681	695	Andhra Pradesh	UnknownType	C0681784
28217588	697	708	South India	T083	C0021201
28217588	719	725	people	T098	C0027361
28217588	734	739	years	T079	C1510829
28217588	755	766	individuals	T098	C0237401
28217588	784	810	multistage random sampling	T062	C0150105
28217588	815	826	interviewed	T052	C0021822
28217588	835	859	structured questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28217588	869	877	baseline	T081	C1442488
28217588	878	881	KAP	T170	C0282574
28217588	882	892	assessment	T058	C0220825
28217588	894	917	intervention activities	T058	C1273869
28217588	944	967	intervention activities	T058	C1273869
28217588	973	978	group	T098	C1257890
28217588	979	984	level	T080	C0441889
28217588	985	990	talks	T052	C0441655
28217588	995	1006	discussions	T052	C0441655
28217588	1008	1012	free	T080	C1996904
28217588	1013	1017	soap	T073	C0037392
28217588	1018	1030	distribution	T169	C1704711
28217588	1036	1043	display	T169	C0870432
28217588	1047	1054	posters	T170	C0376675
28217588	1058	1075	anganwadi centers	T092	C1561598
28217588	1077	1085	Post-KAP	T170	C0282574
28217588	1090	1098	assessed	T052	C1516048
28217588	1114	1126	significance	T078	C0750502
28217588	1130	1140	difference	T080	C1705242
28217588	1160	1174	McNemar's test	T170	C0237913
28217588	1186	1198	intervention	T058	C1273869
28217588	1212	1223	significant	T078	C0750502
28217588	1243	1250	overall	T080	C1561607
28217588	1251	1255	KAPs	T170	C0282574
28217588	1266	1274	subjects	T098	C0080105
28217588	1278	1289	post test-1	T170	C0392366
28217588	1294	1305	post test-2	T170	C0392366
28217588	1348	1364	Health education	T065	C0018701
28217588	1371	1383	intervention	T058	C1273869
28217588	1402	1411	increased	T081	C0205217
28217588	1412	1415	KAP	T170	C0282574
28217588	1460	1483	education interventions	T061	C0281163
28217588	1507	1514	sustain	T169	C0443318
28217588	1515	1523	positive	T033	C1446409
28217588	1524	1530	change	T169	C0392747

28217611|t|Pyoderma gangrenosum: A clinician's nightmare
28217611|a|Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare disease and that affecting specifically the sole of the foot, is even rarer. Here, we report the case of a 54-year- old female admitted with a painful ulcer on the sole of the right foot which was initially treated with empirical antibiotics and debridement. The disease was found to spread rapidly after each debridement. The culture reports were negative; rheumatology workup and Doppler study were within normal limits. A clinical suspicion of PG was made and was confirmed with tissue biopsy. She was started on oral steroids following which she dramatically improved. Thus, when a patient presents with a rapidly expanding painful ulcer in a vascular limb that is refractory to antibiotic treatment and exacerbating on debridement, it is imperative to consider the possibility of PG.
28217611	0	20	Pyoderma gangrenosum	T047	C0085652
28217611	24	35	clinician's	T097	C0871685
28217611	36	45	nightmare	T184	C0028084
28217611	46	66	Pyoderma gangrenosum	T047	C0085652
28217611	68	70	PG	T047	C0085652
28217611	77	89	rare disease	T047	C0678236
28217611	126	142	sole of the foot	T029	C0230463
28217611	168	174	report	T170	C0684224
28217611	198	201	old	T079	C0580836
28217611	202	208	female	T032	C0086287
28217611	209	217	admitted	T058	C0184666
28217611	225	232	painful	T184	C0030193
28217611	233	238	ulcer	T047	C0041582
28217611	246	268	sole of the right foot	T029	C0230463
28217611	289	301	treated with	T061	C0332293
28217611	312	323	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28217611	328	339	debridement	T061	C0011079
28217611	345	352	disease	T047	C0012634
28217611	373	380	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28217611	392	403	debridement	T061	C0011079
28217611	409	424	culture reports	T034	C2061903
28217611	430	438	negative	T033	C0205160
28217611	440	452	rheumatology	T091	C0035452
28217611	453	459	workup	T060	C0750430
28217611	464	477	Doppler study	T060	C0554756
28217611	490	503	normal limits	T033	C0442816
28217611	507	515	clinical	T080	C0205210
28217611	516	525	suspicion	T078	C0750491
28217611	529	531	PG	T047	C0085652
28217611	564	577	tissue biopsy	T060	C3864006
28217611	587	611	started on oral steroids	T061	C0419839
28217611	645	653	improved	T033	C0184511
28217611	668	675	patient	T101	C0030705
28217611	692	699	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28217611	710	717	painful	T184	C0030193
28217611	718	723	ulcer	T047	C0041582
28217611	729	742	vascular limb	T023	C0015385
28217611	751	761	refractory	T169	C0205269
28217611	765	785	antibiotic treatment	T061	C0338237
28217611	790	802	exacerbating	T080	C1444749
28217611	806	817	debridement	T061	C0011079
28217611	867	869	PG	T047	C0085652

28217766|t|Visualization for Understanding Uncertainty in Activation Volumes for Deep Brain Stimulation
28217766|a|We have created the Neurostimulation Uncertainty Viewer (nuView or νView) tool for exploring data arising from deep brain stimulation (DBS). Simulated volume of tissue activated (VTA), using clinical electrode placements, are recorded along with patient outcomes in the Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS). The data is volumetric and sparse, with multi-value patient results for each activated voxel in the simulation. νView provides a collection of visual methods to explore the activated tissue to enhance understanding of electrode usage for improved therapy with DBS.
28217766	0	13	Visualization	T060	C0178707
28217766	32	43	Uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28217766	47	57	Activation	T052	C1879547
28217766	58	65	Volumes	T081	C0449468
28217766	70	92	Deep Brain Stimulation	T061	C0394162
28217766	113	171	Neurostimulation Uncertainty Viewer (nuView or νView) tool	T170	C0282574
28217766	186	190	data	T078	C1511726
28217766	204	226	deep brain stimulation	T061	C0394162
28217766	228	231	DBS	T061	C0394162
28217766	234	243	Simulated	T062	C0679083
28217766	244	270	volume of tissue activated	T081	C0392762
28217766	272	275	VTA	T081	C0392762
28217766	284	313	clinical electrode placements	T060	C0430022
28217766	319	327	recorded	T052	C0441655
28217766	339	346	patient	T101	C0030705
28217766	347	355	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28217766	363	403	Unified Parkinson's disease rating scale	T170	C3639721
28217766	405	410	UPDRS	T170	C3639721
28217766	417	421	data	T078	C1511726
28217766	425	435	volumetric	T080	C0205556
28217766	440	446	sparse	T080	C0205556
28217766	453	464	multi-value	T080	C0205556
28217766	465	472	patient	T101	C0030705
28217766	473	480	results	T169	C1274040
28217766	490	499	activated	T052	C1879547
28217766	500	505	voxel	T077	C2700259
28217766	513	523	simulation	T062	C0679083
28217766	525	530	νView	T077	C1254372
28217766	542	552	collection	T169	C1516698
28217766	556	570	visual methods	T170	C0025663
28217766	586	595	activated	T052	C1879547
28217766	596	602	tissue	T024	C0040300
28217766	631	640	electrode	T074	C0013812
28217766	641	646	usage	T169	C0457083
28217766	660	667	therapy	T061	C0087111
28217766	673	676	DBS	T061	C0394162

28217770|t|Post-synthetic conversion of 5-pivaloyloxymethyluridine present in a support-bound RNA oligomer into biologically relevant derivatives of 5-methyluridine
28217770|a|A post-synthetic reaction of 5-pivaloyloxymethyluridine (present in a support-bound RNA oligomer) with various nucleophilic reagents furnished efficiently the corresponding products bearing one aof the tRNA wobble 5-methyluridines (mnm(5)U, cmnm(5)U, τm(5)U, nm(5)U, inm(5)U or cnm(5)U). The syntheses of oligoribonucleotides modified with inm(5)U and cnm(5)U are reported for the first time.
28217770	15	25	conversion	T169	C0439836
28217770	29	55	5-pivaloyloxymethyluridine	T114	C0073347
28217770	56	63	present	T033	C0150312
28217770	83	86	RNA	T114	C0035668
28217770	87	95	oligomer	T087	C0599219
28217770	101	113	biologically	T080	C0205460
28217770	114	122	relevant	T080	C2347946
28217770	123	134	derivatives	T104	C0243072
28217770	138	153	5-methyluridine	T114	C0073347
28217770	171	179	reaction	T169	C0443286
28217770	183	209	5-pivaloyloxymethyluridine	T114	C0073347
28217770	211	218	present	T033	C0150312
28217770	238	241	RNA	T114	C0035668
28217770	242	250	oligomer	T087	C0599219
28217770	265	286	nucleophilic reagents	T130	C0034760
28217770	327	335	products	T071	C1514468
28217770	356	367	tRNA wobble	T045	C1817367
28217770	368	384	5-methyluridines	T114	C0073347
28217770	386	393	mnm(5)U	T114	C0073347
28217770	395	403	cmnm(5)U	T114	C0073347
28217770	405	411	τm(5)U	T114	C0073347
28217770	413	419	nm(5)U	T114	C0073347
28217770	421	428	inm(5)U	T114	C0073347
28217770	432	439	cnm(5)U	T114	C0073347
28217770	446	455	syntheses	T052	C1883254
28217770	459	479	oligoribonucleotides	T114	C0028956
28217770	480	488	modified	T169	C0392747
28217770	494	501	inm(5)U	T114	C0073347
28217770	506	513	cnm(5)U	T114	C0073347

28219657|t|Non-pharmacological treatments for pain relief: TENS and acupuncture
28219657|a|Acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) are non-pharmacological methods that have been used for millennia to relieve pain. As with all complementary treatments, efficacy evaluations face two hurdles: the non-feasibility of double-blinding and the difficulty in identifying the optimal control population or treatment. Nevertheless, recent studies of good methodological quality have demonstrated benefits in many types of pain compared to conventional treatment. The mechanisms of action of acupuncture and TENS, which are increasingly well understood, involve endogenous pain control systems, cerebral plasticity, and nonspecific effects (e.g., expectations and placebo effect). No serious adverse effects have been reported. These data support the more widespread use of non-pharmacological pain management, most notably in patients with chronic pain inadequately relieved by medications alone.
28219657	0	19	Non-pharmacological	T169	C0205245
28219657	20	30	treatments	T061	C0087111
28219657	35	46	pain relief	T061	C0451615
28219657	48	52	TENS	T061	C0040654
28219657	57	68	acupuncture	T061	C0394664
28219657	69	80	Acupuncture	T061	C0394664
28219657	85	128	transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation	T061	C0040654
28219657	130	134	TENS	T061	C0040654
28219657	140	159	non-pharmacological	T169	C0205245
28219657	160	167	methods	T169	C0449851
28219657	192	201	millennia	T079	C1948053
28219657	205	217	relieve pain	T061	C0451615
28219657	231	255	complementary treatments	T061	C0936077
28219657	257	265	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28219657	266	277	evaluations	T058	C0220825
28219657	319	334	double-blinding	T062	C0013072
28219657	373	399	optimal control population	T081	C0029145
28219657	403	412	treatment	T061	C0087111
28219657	446	450	good	T080	C0205170
28219657	451	473	methodological quality	UnknownType	C0815254
28219657	492	500	benefits	T081	C0814225
28219657	518	522	pain	T184	C0030193
28219657	535	547	conventional	T080	C0439858
28219657	548	557	treatment	T061	C0087111
28219657	563	583	mechanisms of action	T169	C0441712
28219657	587	598	acupuncture	T061	C0394664
28219657	603	607	TENS	T061	C0040654
28219657	619	631	increasingly	T169	C0442808
28219657	657	667	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28219657	668	688	pain control systems	T061	C1304888
28219657	690	709	cerebral plasticity	T042	C0027880
28219657	727	734	effects	T080	C1280500
28219657	742	754	expectations	T078	C0679138
28219657	759	773	placebo effect	T078	C0032041
28219657	787	802	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28219657	829	833	data	T078	C1511726
28219657	869	888	non-pharmacological	T169	C0205245
28219657	889	904	pain management	T061	C0002766
28219657	922	930	patients	T101	C0030705
28219657	936	948	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28219657	962	973	relieved by	T169	C0332303
28219657	974	985	medications	T121	C0013227

28219982|t|Enhanced Sensitivity to Hyperpolarizing Inhibition in Mesoaccumbal Relative to Nigrostriatal Dopamine Neuron Subpopulations
28219982|a|Midbrain dopamine neurons recorded in vivo pause their firing in response to reward omission and aversive stimuli. While the initiation of pauses typically involves synaptic or modulatory input, intrinsic membrane properties may also enhance or limit hyperpolarization, raising the question of how intrinsic conductances shape pause s in dopamine neurons. Using retrograde labeling and electrophysiological techniques combined with computational modeling, we examined the intrinsic conductances that shape pauses evoked by current injections and synaptic stimulation in subpopulations of dopamine neurons grouped according to their axonal projections to the nucleus accumbens or dorsal striatum in mice. Testing across a range of conditions and pulse durations, we found that mesoaccumbal and nigrostriatal neurons differ substantially in rebound properties with mesoaccumbal neurons displaying significantly longer delays to spiking following hyperpolarization. The underlying mechanism involves an inactivating potassium (IA) current with decay time constants of up to 225 ms, and small-amplitude hyperpolarization - activated currents (IH), characteristics that were most often observed in mesoaccumbal neurons. Pharmacological block of IA completely abolished rebound delays and, importantly, shortened synaptically evoked inhibitory pauses, thereby demonstrating the involvement of A-type potassium channels in prolonging pauses evoked by GABAergic inhibition. Therefore, these results show that mesoaccumbal and nigrostriatal neurons display differential responses to hyperpolarizing inhibitory stimuli that favors a higher sensitivity to inhibition in mesoaccumbal neurons. These findings may explain, in part, observations from in vivo experiments that ventral tegmental area neurons tend to exhibit longer aversive pauses relative to SNc neurons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study examines rebound, postburst, and synaptically evoked inhibitory pauses in subpopulations of midbrain dopamine neurons. We show that pauses in dopamine neuron firing, evoked by either stimulation of GABAergic input s or hyperpolarizing current injections, are enhanced by a subclass of potassium conductances that are recruited at voltages below spike threshold. Importantly, A-type potassium currents recorded in mesoaccumbal neurons displayed substantially slower inactivation kinetics, which, combined with weaker expression of hyperpolarization - activated currents, lengthened hyperpolarization -induced delays in spiking relative to nigrostriatal neurons. These results suggest that input integration differs among dopamine neurons favoring higher sensitivity to inhibition in mesoaccumbal neurons and may partially explain in vivo observations that ventral tegmental area neurons exhibit longer aversive pauses relative to SNc neurons.
28219982	9	20	Sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28219982	24	39	Hyperpolarizing	T201	C0946292
28219982	40	50	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28219982	54	66	Mesoaccumbal	T025	C0027882
28219982	79	92	Nigrostriatal	UnknownType	C0815010
28219982	93	101	Dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28219982	102	108	Neuron	T025	C0027882
28219982	124	132	Midbrain	T023	C0025462
28219982	133	141	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28219982	142	149	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	159	166	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28219982	167	172	pause	T079	C0489607
28219982	189	197	response	T032	C0871261
28219982	208	216	omission	T033	C3845736
28219982	221	237	aversive stimuli	T169	C1510994
28219982	249	259	initiation	T169	C1704686
28219982	263	269	pauses	T079	C0489607
28219982	289	297	synaptic	T026	C0039063
28219982	301	311	modulatory	T026	C2611789
28219982	312	317	input	T077	C1708517
28219982	319	337	intrinsic membrane	T026	C1622009
28219982	375	392	hyperpolarization	T201	C0946292
28219982	422	431	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28219982	432	444	conductances	T042	C0016989
28219982	451	456	pause	T079	C0489607
28219982	462	470	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28219982	471	478	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	486	496	retrograde	T082	C0439784
28219982	497	505	labeling	T059	C0022885
28219982	510	541	electrophysiological techniques	T060	C0887874
28219982	556	578	computational modeling	T066	C3850009
28219982	596	605	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28219982	606	618	conductances	T042	C0016989
28219982	630	636	pauses	T079	C0489607
28219982	637	643	evoked	T080	C1444748
28219982	647	654	current	T043	C0162585
28219982	655	665	injections	T061	C1533685
28219982	670	678	synaptic	T026	C0039063
28219982	679	690	stimulation	T070	C1948023
28219982	712	720	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28219982	721	728	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	729	736	grouped	T082	C0439745
28219982	756	774	axonal projections	T043	C0004462
28219982	782	799	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
28219982	803	818	dorsal striatum	T023	C2333957
28219982	822	826	mice	T015	C0025929
28219982	828	835	Testing	T169	C0039593
28219982	854	864	conditions	T080	C0348080
28219982	869	874	pulse	T201	C0232117
28219982	875	884	durations	T079	C0449238
28219982	900	912	mesoaccumbal	T025	C0027882
28219982	917	930	nigrostriatal	UnknownType	C0815010
28219982	931	938	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	987	1007	mesoaccumbal neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	1019	1032	significantly	T078	C0750502
28219982	1068	1085	hyperpolarization	T201	C0946292
28219982	1102	1111	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28219982	1124	1136	inactivating	T169	C0544461
28219982	1137	1146	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28219982	1148	1150	IA	T109,T121	C0063261
28219982	1152	1159	current	T043	C0162585
28219982	1165	1185	decay time constants	T081	C2986736
28219982	1207	1222	small-amplitude	T082	C2346753
28219982	1223	1240	hyperpolarization	T201	C0946292
28219982	1243	1252	activated	T052	C1879547
28219982	1253	1261	currents	T043	C0162585
28219982	1263	1265	IH	T043	C0162585
28219982	1268	1283	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28219982	1317	1337	mesoaccumbal neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	1339	1354	Pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28219982	1364	1366	IA	T109,T121	C0063261
28219982	1378	1387	abolished	T079	C2746065
28219982	1431	1443	synaptically	T026	C0039063
28219982	1444	1450	evoked	T080	C1444748
28219982	1451	1461	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28219982	1462	1468	pauses	T079	C0489607
28219982	1511	1536	A-type potassium channels	T116,T123	C0032824
28219982	1551	1557	pauses	T079	C0489607
28219982	1558	1564	evoked	T080	C1444748
28219982	1568	1577	GABAergic	T043	C1816494
28219982	1578	1588	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28219982	1607	1614	results	T033	C0683954
28219982	1625	1637	mesoaccumbal	T025	C0027882
28219982	1642	1655	nigrostriatal	UnknownType	C0815010
28219982	1656	1663	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	1685	1694	responses	T032	C0871261
28219982	1698	1713	hyperpolarizing	T201	C0946292
28219982	1714	1724	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28219982	1725	1732	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28219982	1754	1765	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28219982	1769	1779	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28219982	1783	1803	mesoaccumbal neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	1811	1819	findings	T033	C0243095
28219982	1860	1867	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28219982	1885	1907	ventral tegmental area	T023	C0175405
28219982	1908	1915	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	1939	1954	aversive pauses	T061	C0004415
28219982	1967	1970	SNc	T023	C0175412
28219982	1971	1978	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	1980	2002	SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT	T078	C1710187
28219982	2007	2012	study	T062	C2603343
28219982	2046	2058	synaptically	T026	C0039063
28219982	2059	2065	evoked	T080	C1444748
28219982	2066	2076	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28219982	2077	2083	pauses	T079	C0489607
28219982	2105	2113	midbrain	T023	C0025462
28219982	2114	2122	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28219982	2123	2130	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	2145	2151	pauses	T079	C0489607
28219982	2155	2163	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28219982	2164	2170	neuron	T025	C0027882
28219982	2179	2185	evoked	T080	C1444748
28219982	2196	2207	stimulation	T070	C1948023
28219982	2211	2220	GABAergic	T043	C1816494
28219982	2221	2226	input	T077	C1708517
28219982	2232	2247	hyperpolarizing	T201	C0946292
28219982	2248	2255	current	T043	C0162585
28219982	2256	2266	injections	T061	C1533685
28219982	2298	2307	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28219982	2308	2320	conductances	T042	C0016989
28219982	2364	2373	threshold	T080	C0449864
28219982	2388	2404	A-type potassium	T116,T123	C0032824
28219982	2405	2413	currents	T043	C0162585
28219982	2426	2446	mesoaccumbal neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	2491	2499	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28219982	2543	2560	hyperpolarization	T201	C0946292
28219982	2563	2572	activated	T052	C1879547
28219982	2573	2581	currents	T043	C0162585
28219982	2594	2611	hyperpolarization	T201	C0946292
28219982	2651	2664	nigrostriatal	UnknownType	C0815010
28219982	2665	2672	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	2680	2687	results	T033	C0683954
28219982	2701	2706	input	T077	C1708517
28219982	2733	2741	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28219982	2742	2749	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	2766	2777	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28219982	2781	2791	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28219982	2795	2815	mesoaccumbal neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	2842	2849	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28219982	2868	2890	ventral tegmental area	T023	C0175405
28219982	2891	2898	neurons	T025	C0027882
28219982	2914	2929	aversive pauses	T061	C0004415
28219982	2942	2945	SNc	T023	C0175412
28219982	2946	2953	neurons	T025	C0027882

28220061|t|A Model of Induction of Cerebellar Long-Term Depression Including RKIP Inactivation of Raf and MEK
28220061|a|We report an updated stochastic model of cerebellar Long Term Depression (LTD) with improved realism. Firstly, we verify experimentally that dissociation of Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) from Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) is required for cerebellar LTD and add this interaction to an earlier published model, along with the known requirement of dissociation of RKIP from Raf kinase. We update Ca(2+) dynamics as a constant-rate influx, which captures experimental input profiles accurately. We improve α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor interactions by adding phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of AMPA receptors when bound to glutamate receptor interacting protein (GRIP). The updated model is tuned to reproduce experimental Ca(2+) peak vs. LTD amplitude curves at four different Ca(2+) pulse durations as closely as possible. We find that the updated model is generally more robust with these changes, yet we still observe some sensitivity of LTD induction to copy number of the key signaling molecule Protein kinase C (PKC). We predict natural variability in this number by stochastic diffusion may influence the probabilistic LTD response to Ca(2+) input in Purkinje cell spines and propose this as an extra source of stochasticity that may be important also in other signaling systems.
28220061	2	7	Model	T075	C0026336
28220061	11	20	Induction	T169	C0205263
28220061	24	34	Cerebellar	T023	C0007765
28220061	35	55	Long-Term Depression	T042	C2610415
28220061	56	65	Including	T169	C0332257
28220061	66	70	RKIP	T116,T123	C0300821
28220061	71	83	Inactivation	T169	C0544461
28220061	87	90	Raf	T116,T126	C1449849
28220061	95	98	MEK	T116,T126	C0169101
28220061	102	108	report	T170	C0684224
28220061	112	119	updated	T079	C1519814
28220061	120	136	stochastic model	T062	C0871922
28220061	140	150	cerebellar	T023	C0007765
28220061	151	171	Long Term Depression	T042	C2610415
28220061	173	176	LTD	T042	C2610415
28220061	183	191	improved	T033	C0184511
28220061	192	199	realism	T078	C0237815
28220061	220	234	experimentally	T080	C1517586
28220061	256	284	Raf kinase inhibitor protein	T116,T123	C0300821
28220061	286	290	RKIP	T116,T123	C0300821
28220061	297	336	Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase	T116,T126	C0169101
28220061	338	341	MEK	T116,T126	C0169101
28220061	359	369	cerebellar	T023	C0007765
28220061	370	373	LTD	T042	C2610415
28220061	387	398	interaction	T169	C1704675
28220061	413	422	published	T057	C0034037
28220061	423	428	model	T075	C0026336
28220061	451	462	requirement	T169	C1514873
28220061	482	486	RKIP	T116,T123	C0300821
28220061	492	502	Raf kinase	T116,T126	C1449849
28220061	507	513	update	T079	C1519814
28220061	514	520	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28220061	521	529	dynamics	T062	C1514544
28220061	535	555	constant-rate influx	T081	C2986767
28220061	572	584	experimental	T080	C1517586
28220061	585	590	input	T077	C1708517
28220061	591	599	profiles	T081	C0237801
28220061	600	610	accurately	T080	C0443131
28220061	615	622	improve	T033	C0184511
28220061	623	675	α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 isoxazolepropionic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0051318
28220061	677	681	AMPA	T109,T121,T130	C0051318
28220061	683	691	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28220061	692	704	interactions	T169	C1704675
28220061	715	730	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28220061	735	752	dephosphorylation	T044	C1158884
28220061	756	760	AMPA	T109,T121,T130	C0051318
28220061	761	770	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
28220061	776	781	bound	T044	C1167622
28220061	785	823	glutamate receptor interacting protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28220061	825	829	GRIP	T116,T123	C0033684
28220061	836	843	updated	T079	C1519814
28220061	844	849	model	T075	C0026336
28220061	872	884	experimental	T080	C1517586
28220061	885	891	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28220061	901	904	LTD	T042	C2610415
28220061	905	914	amplitude	T082	C2346753
28220061	930	939	different	T080	C1705242
28220061	940	946	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28220061	947	962	pulse durations	T079	C1254367
28220061	1004	1011	updated	T079	C1519814
28220061	1012	1017	model	T075	C0026336
28220061	1036	1042	robust	T080	C2986815
28220061	1054	1061	changes	T081	C0443172
28220061	1076	1083	observe	T169	C1441672
28220061	1089	1100	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28220061	1104	1107	LTD	T042	C2610415
28220061	1108	1117	induction	T169	C0205263
28220061	1121	1132	copy number	T081	C1707513
28220061	1144	1162	signaling molecule	T123	C1519315
28220061	1163	1179	Protein kinase C	T116,T126	C1259877
28220061	1181	1184	PKC	T116,T126	C1259877
28220061	1190	1197	predict	T078	C0681842
28220061	1198	1205	natural	T169	C0205296
28220061	1206	1217	variability	T077	C2827666
28220061	1236	1246	stochastic	T081	C0038347
28220061	1247	1256	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28220061	1261	1270	influence	T077	C4054723
28220061	1275	1288	probabilistic	T080	C0205556
28220061	1289	1292	LTD	T042	C2610415
28220061	1293	1301	response	T032	C0871261
28220061	1305	1311	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28220061	1312	1317	input	T077	C1708517
28220061	1321	1334	Purkinje cell	T025	C0034143
28220061	1335	1341	spines	T082	C1254362
28220061	1346	1353	propose	T080	C1553874
28220061	1371	1377	source	T033	C0449416
28220061	1381	1394	stochasticity	T081	C0038347
28220061	1407	1416	important	T080	C3898777
28220061	1431	1448	signaling systems	T044	C1148560

28220082|t|Synaptic and Neuronal Autoantibody - Associated Psychiatric Syndromes: Controversies and Hypotheses
28220082|a|Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) mediated by antibodies against synaptic and neuronal surface targets frequently presents with a psychiatric syndrome. In these patients, removal of autoantibodies treats the disease and outcomes are closely linked to early intervention. The discovery of these autoantibodies in isolated psychiatric syndromes has raised the possibility that these patients may derive similar benefits from immunotherapy, a potentially transformational approach to the treatment of mental illness. Although open-label case series suggest impressive therapeutic outcomes, the pathological relevance of these autoantibodies outside of canonical presentations is debated. The advent of diagnostic criteria for AE attempts to facilitate its prompt identification but risks prematurely neglecting the potential scientific and clinical significance of isolated syndromes that do not satisfy these criteria. Here, we propose using a syndrome - level taxonomy that has occasional, but not necessary, overlap with AE: synaptic and neuronal autoantibody - associated psychiatric syndromes or " SNAps ". This will prevent confusion with AE and act heuristically to promote active investigation into this rare example of psychopathology defined on a molecular level. We suggest that this concept would have application in other autoantibody - associated syndromes including seizure, cognitive, and movement disorders, in which similar issues arise. We review putative direct and indirect mechanisms and outline experimentally testable hypotheses that would help to determine prospectively in whom autoantibody detection is relevant, and as important, in whom it is not. We summarize a pragmatic approach to autoantibody testing and management in severe mental illness in order to promptly diagnose AE and advocate a research - orientated experimental medicine paradigm for SNAps, where there is greater equipoise. We conclude that SNAps remains a nascent area of clinical neuroscience with great potential and in ongoing need of psychiatry -led basic and clinical research.
28220082	0	8	Synaptic	T030	C0039062
28220082	13	21	Neuronal	T025	C0027882
28220082	22	34	Autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
28220082	37	47	Associated	T080	C0332281
28220082	48	69	Psychiatric Syndromes	T048	C0004936
28220082	71	84	Controversies	T054	C0680243
28220082	89	99	Hypotheses	T078	C1512571
28220082	100	123	Autoimmune encephalitis	T047	C0393639
28220082	125	127	AE	T047	C0393639
28220082	141	151	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28220082	160	168	synaptic	T030	C0039062
28220082	173	181	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28220082	182	189	surface	T082	C0205148
28220082	190	197	targets	T169	C1521840
28220082	198	208	frequently	T079	C0332183
28220082	209	217	presents	T033	C0150312
28220082	225	245	psychiatric syndrome	T048	C0004936
28220082	256	264	patients	T101	C0030705
28220082	266	276	removal of	T061	C0015252
28220082	277	291	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
28220082	292	298	treats	T169	C1522326
28220082	303	310	disease	T047	C0012634
28220082	315	323	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28220082	352	364	intervention	T061	C0184661
28220082	370	379	discovery	T052	C1880355
28220082	389	403	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
28220082	407	415	isolated	T169	C0205409
28220082	416	437	psychiatric syndromes	T048	C0004936
28220082	442	448	raised	T080	C0442818
28220082	476	484	patients	T101	C0030705
28220082	504	512	benefits	T081	C0814225
28220082	518	531	immunotherapy	T061	C0021083
28220082	535	546	potentially	T080	C3245505
28220082	564	572	approach	T082	C0449445
28220082	580	589	treatment	T169	C0039798
28220082	593	607	mental illness	T048	C0004936
28220082	618	640	open-label case series	T062	C3640652
28220082	660	680	therapeutic outcomes	T080	C0085415
28220082	686	698	pathological	T169	C1521733
28220082	699	708	relevance	T080	C2347946
28220082	718	732	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
28220082	744	767	canonical presentations	T081	C0870245
28220082	794	813	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
28220082	818	820	AE	T047	C0393639
28220082	821	829	attempts	T051	C1516084
28220082	855	869	identification	T080	C0205396
28220082	874	879	risks	T078	C0035647
28220082	907	916	potential	T080	C3245505
28220082	917	927	scientific	T090	C0036397
28220082	932	953	clinical significance	T033	C2826293
28220082	957	965	isolated	T169	C0205409
28220082	966	975	syndromes	T047	C0039082
28220082	1037	1045	syndrome	T047	C0039082
28220082	1048	1053	level	T080	C0441889
28220082	1054	1062	taxonomy	T090	C0087066
28220082	1072	1082	occasional	T079	C0521114
28220082	1103	1110	overlap	T079	C1948020
28220082	1116	1118	AE	T047	C0393639
28220082	1120	1128	synaptic	T030	C0039062
28220082	1133	1141	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28220082	1142	1154	autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
28220082	1157	1167	associated	T080	C0332281
28220082	1168	1189	psychiatric syndromes	T048	C0004936
28220082	1195	1200	SNAps	T048	C0004936
28220082	1214	1221	prevent	T169	C1292733
28220082	1237	1239	AE	T047	C0393639
28220082	1244	1261	act heuristically	T170	C0597916
28220082	1265	1272	promote	T052	C0033414
28220082	1273	1279	active	T169	C0205177
28220082	1280	1293	investigation	T058	C0220825
28220082	1304	1308	rare	T080	C0522498
28220082	1309	1316	example	T077	C1707959
28220082	1320	1335	psychopathology	T091	C0033927
28220082	1336	1343	defined	T170	C1704788
28220082	1349	1364	molecular level	T081	C0596958
28220082	1387	1394	concept	T078	C0178566
28220082	1427	1439	autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
28220082	1442	1452	associated	T080	C0332281
28220082	1453	1462	syndromes	T047	C0039082
28220082	1463	1472	including	T169	C0332257
28220082	1473	1480	seizure	T184	C0036572
28220082	1482	1491	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28220082	1497	1515	movement disorders	T047	C0026650
28220082	1526	1533	similar	T080	C2348205
28220082	1534	1540	issues	T033	C0033213
28220082	1551	1557	review	T169	C0699752
28220082	1567	1573	direct	T080	C1947931
28220082	1578	1586	indirect	T080	C0439852
28220082	1587	1597	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28220082	1610	1624	experimentally	T080	C1517586
28220082	1634	1644	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
28220082	1674	1687	prospectively	T062	C0033522
28220082	1696	1708	autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
28220082	1709	1718	detection	T061	C1511790
28220082	1722	1730	relevant	T080	C2347946
28220082	1739	1748	important	T080	C3898777
28220082	1784	1793	pragmatic	T054	C0871858
28220082	1806	1818	autoantibody	T116,T129	C0004358
28220082	1819	1826	testing	T169	C0039593
28220082	1831	1841	management	T058	C0376636
28220082	1845	1851	severe	T080	C0205082
28220082	1852	1866	mental illness	T048	C0004936
28220082	1888	1896	diagnose	T033	C0011900
28220082	1897	1899	AE	T047	C0393639
28220082	1915	1923	research	T062	C0035168
28220082	1926	1936	orientated	T033	C0424013
28220082	1937	1949	experimental	T080	C1517586
28220082	1950	1958	medicine	T121	C0013227
28220082	1959	1967	paradigm	T062	C0681797
28220082	1972	1977	SNAps	T048	C0004936
28220082	1994	2001	greater	T081	C1704243
28220082	2002	2011	equipoise	T109,T121	C0702057
28220082	2030	2035	SNAps	T048	C0004936
28220082	2062	2070	clinical	T080	C0205210
28220082	2071	2083	neuroscience	T091	C0027910
28220082	2095	2104	potential	T080	C3245505
28220082	2112	2119	ongoing	T078	C0549178
28220082	2120	2124	need	T080	C0027552
28220082	2128	2138	psychiatry	T091	C0033873
28220082	2154	2171	clinical research	T062	C0008972

28220122|t|NF-κB Links TLR2 and PAR1 to Soluble Immunomodulator Factor Secretion in Human Platelets
28220122|a|The primary toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated immune cell response pathway common for all TLRs is MyD88 -dependent activation of NF-κB, a seminal transcription factor for many chemokines and cytokines. Remarkably, anucleate platelets express the NF-κB machinery, whose role in platelets remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the contribution of NF-κB in the release of cytokines and serotonin by human platelets, following selective stimulation of TLR2 and protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1), a classical and non-classical pattern-recognition receptor, respectively, able to participate to the innate immune system. We discovered that platelet PAR1 activation drives the process of NF-κB phosphorylation, in contrast to TLR2 activation, which induces a slower phosphorylation process. Conversely, platelet PAR1 and TLR2 activation induces similar ERK1/2, p38, and AKT phosphorylation. Moreover, we found that engagement of platelet TLR2 with its ligand, Pam3CSK4, significantly increases the release of sCD62P, RANTES, and sCD40L; this effect was attenuated by incubating platelets with a blocking anti-TLR2 antibody. This effect appeared selective since no modulation of serotonin secretion was observed following platelet TLR2 activation. Platelet release of sCD62P, RANTES, and sCD40L following TLR2 or PAR1 triggering was abolished in the presence of the NF-κB inhibitor Bay11-7082, while serotonin release following PAR1 activation was significantly decreased. These new findings support the concept that NF-κB is an important player in platelet immunoregulations and functions.
28220122	0	5	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28220122	12	16	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
28220122	21	25	PAR1	T116,T192	C4048327
28220122	29	36	Soluble	T080	C1948047
28220122	37	59	Immunomodulator Factor	T121,T129	C1527392
28220122	60	69	Secretion	T038	C0036536
28220122	73	78	Human	T016	C0086418
28220122	79	88	Platelets	T025	C0005821
28220122	93	100	primary	T080	C0205225
28220122	101	119	toll-like receptor	T116,T192	C0670896
28220122	121	124	TLR	T116,T192	C0670896
28220122	135	163	immune cell response pathway	T043	C1511003
28220122	179	183	TLRs	T116,T192	C0670896
28220122	187	192	MyD88	T116,T129	C0286648
28220122	204	214	activation	T045	C0599177
28220122	218	223	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28220122	227	234	seminal	T023	C0036628
28220122	235	255	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28220122	265	275	chemokines	T116,T129	C0282554
28220122	280	289	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28220122	303	322	anucleate platelets	T025	C0005821
28220122	335	340	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28220122	366	375	platelets	T025	C0005821
28220122	412	424	investigated	T169	C1292732
28220122	429	441	contribution	T052	C1880177
28220122	445	450	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28220122	458	465	release	T169	C0391871
28220122	469	478	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28220122	483	492	serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
28220122	496	501	human	T016	C0086418
28220122	502	511	platelets	T025	C0005821
28220122	513	522	following	T079	C0332282
28220122	548	552	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
28220122	557	586	protease activated receptor 1	T116,T192	C4048327
28220122	588	592	PAR1	T116,T192	C4048327
28220122	625	653	pattern-recognition receptor	T116,T129,T192	C1564907
28220122	696	716	innate immune system	T032	C0020969
28220122	737	745	platelet	T025	C0005821
28220122	746	750	PAR1	T116,T192	C4048327
28220122	751	761	activation	T045	C0599177
28220122	784	789	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28220122	790	805	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28220122	822	826	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
28220122	827	837	activation	T043	C1514758
28220122	845	852	induces	T169	C0205263
28220122	862	885	phosphorylation process	T044	C0031715
28220122	899	907	platelet	T025	C0005821
28220122	908	912	PAR1	T116,T192	C4048327
28220122	917	921	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
28220122	922	932	activation	T052	C1879547
28220122	933	940	induces	T169	C0205263
28220122	949	955	ERK1/2	T044	C2611094
28220122	957	960	p38	T116,T126	C1120843
28220122	966	969	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
28220122	970	985	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28220122	1025	1033	platelet	T025	C0005821
28220122	1034	1038	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
28220122	1048	1054	ligand	T103	C0023688
28220122	1056	1064	Pam3CSK4	T116,T123	C1698795
28220122	1066	1089	significantly increases	T081	C4055637
28220122	1094	1101	release	T169	C0391871
28220122	1105	1111	sCD62P	T116,T129	C0134835
28220122	1113	1119	RANTES	T116,T129	C0072978
28220122	1125	1131	sCD40L	T116,T129	C0167627
28220122	1138	1144	effect	T080	C1280500
28220122	1149	1162	attenuated by	T080	C0332161
28220122	1163	1173	incubating	T059	C1439852
28220122	1174	1183	platelets	T025	C0005821
28220122	1191	1199	blocking	T169	C0332206
28220122	1200	1218	anti-TLR2 antibody	T116,T129	C3712029
28220122	1225	1240	effect appeared	T080	C2348382
28220122	1260	1270	modulation	T082	C0443264
28220122	1274	1293	serotonin secretion	T043	C1325900
28220122	1298	1306	observed	T169	C1441672
28220122	1307	1316	following	T079	C0332282
28220122	1317	1325	platelet	T025	C0005821
28220122	1326	1330	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
28220122	1331	1341	activation	T043	C1514758
28220122	1343	1351	Platelet	T025	C0005821
28220122	1352	1359	release	T169	C0391871
28220122	1363	1369	sCD62P	T116,T129	C0134835
28220122	1371	1377	RANTES	T116,T129	C0072978
28220122	1383	1389	sCD40L	T116,T129	C0167627
28220122	1390	1399	following	T079	C0332282
28220122	1400	1404	TLR2	T116,T192	C0754728
28220122	1408	1412	PAR1	T116,T192	C4048327
28220122	1445	1453	presence	T033	C0150312
28220122	1461	1466	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28220122	1467	1476	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28220122	1477	1487	Bay11-7082	T109	C0969281
28220122	1495	1512	serotonin release	T043	C1979804
28220122	1513	1522	following	T079	C0332282
28220122	1523	1527	PAR1	T116,T192	C4048327
28220122	1528	1538	activation	T043	C1514758
28220122	1543	1566	significantly decreased	T081	C4055638
28220122	1574	1577	new	T080	C0205314
28220122	1578	1586	findings	T169	C2607943
28220122	1612	1617	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28220122	1644	1652	platelet	T025	C0005821
28220122	1653	1670	immunoregulations	T040	C0678889
28220122	1675	1684	functions	T042	C1817756

28220186|t|Efficient gene targeting in non-homologous end-joining -deficient Lipomyces starkeyi strains
28220186|a|Microbial lipids are sustainable feedstock for the production of oleochemicals and biodiesel. Oleaginous yeasts have recently been proposed as alternative lipid producers to plants and animals to promote sustainability in the chemical and fuel industries. The oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi has great industrial potential as an excellent lipid producer. However, improvement of its lipid productivity is essential for the cost-effective production of oleochemicals and fuels. Genetic and metabolic engineering of L. starkeyi via gene manipulation techniques may result in improvements in lipid production and our understanding of the mechanisms behind lipid biosynthesis pathways. We previously described an integrative transformation system using a drug -resistant marker for L. starkeyi. However, gene-targeting frequencies were very low because non-homologous recombination is probably predominant in L. starkeyi. Genetic engineering tools for L. starkeyi have not been sufficiently developed. In this study, we describe a new genetic tool and its application in L. starkeyi. To develop a highly efficient gene-targeting system for L. starkeyi, we constructed a series of mutants by disrupting genes for LsKu70p, LsKu80p, and/or LsLig4p, which share homology with other yeasts Ku70p, Ku80p, and Lig4p, respectively, being involved in non-homologous end-joining pathway. Deletion of the LsLIG4 gene dramatically improved the homologous recombination efficiency (80.0%) at the LsURA3 locus compared with that in the wild-type strain (1.4%), when 2000-bp homologous flanking regions were used. The homologous recombination efficiencies of the double mutant ∆l sku70∆lslig4 and the triple mutant ∆lsku70∆lsku80∆lslig4 were also markedly enhanced. Therefore, the L. starkeyi ∆lslig4 background strains have promise as efficient recipient strains for genetic and metabolic engineering approaches in this yeast.
28220186	10	24	gene targeting	T063	C0242613
28220186	28	54	non-homologous end-joining	T169	C2984257
28220186	66	84	Lipomyces starkeyi	T004	C1002871
28220186	85	92	strains	T001	C1518614
28220186	93	102	Microbial	T001	C0599840
28220186	103	109	lipids	T109	C0023779
28220186	144	154	production	T057	C0033268
28220186	158	171	oleochemicals	T103	C0220806
28220186	176	185	biodiesel	T109	C2717894
28220186	187	204	Oleaginous yeasts	T004	C0043393
28220186	236	247	alternative	T077	C1523987
28220186	248	253	lipid	T109	C0023779
28220186	254	263	producers	T004	C0043393
28220186	267	273	plants	T002	C0032098
28220186	278	285	animals	T008	C0003062
28220186	319	327	chemical	T092	C0007983
28220186	332	347	fuel industries	T057	C0021267
28220186	353	369	oleaginous yeast	T004	C0043393
28220186	370	388	Lipomyces starkeyi	T004	C1002871
28220186	436	441	lipid	T109	C0023779
28220186	442	450	producer	T004	C0043393
28220186	480	485	lipid	T109	C0023779
28220186	486	498	productivity	T052	C0441655
28220186	520	545	cost-effective production	T057	C0033268
28220186	549	562	oleochemicals	T103	C0220806
28220186	567	572	fuels	T073	C0556991
28220186	574	581	Genetic	T063	C0017387
28220186	586	607	metabolic engineering	T063	C3179022
28220186	611	622	L. starkeyi	T004	C1002871
28220186	686	691	lipid	T109	C0023779
28220186	692	702	production	T057	C0033268
28220186	732	742	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28220186	750	755	lipid	T109	C0023779
28220186	756	777	biosynthesis pathways	T169	C0005572
28220186	806	839	integrative transformation system	T169	C0205245
28220186	848	852	drug	T121	C1254351
28220186	864	870	marker	T045	C0017393
28220186	875	886	L. starkeyi	T004	C1002871
28220186	897	911	gene-targeting	T063	C0242613
28220186	912	923	frequencies	T081	C0017270
28220186	946	974	non-homologous recombination	T045	C0034865
28220186	1002	1013	L. starkeyi	T004	C1002871
28220186	1015	1040	Genetic engineering tools	T063	C0017387
28220186	1045	1056	L. starkeyi	T004	C1002871
28220186	1128	1140	genetic tool	T063	C0017387
28220186	1149	1160	application	T169	C0205245
28220186	1164	1175	L. starkeyi	T004	C1002871
28220186	1207	1228	gene-targeting system	T063	C0242613
28220186	1233	1244	L. starkeyi	T004	C1002871
28220186	1273	1280	mutants	T028	C0678941
28220186	1284	1294	disrupting	T080	C0332454
28220186	1295	1300	genes	T028	C0017337
28220186	1305	1312	LsKu70p	T116,T123	C0033684
28220186	1314	1321	LsKu80p	T116,T123	C0033684
28220186	1330	1337	LsLig4p	T116,T123	C0033684
28220186	1351	1359	homology	T080	C2697616
28220186	1371	1377	yeasts	T004	C0043393
28220186	1378	1383	Ku70p	T116,T123	C0033684
28220186	1385	1390	Ku80p	T116,T123	C0033684
28220186	1396	1401	Lig4p	T116,T123	C0033684
28220186	1435	1469	non-homologous end-joining pathway	T169	C2984257
28220186	1471	1479	Deletion	T045	C0017260
28220186	1487	1498	LsLIG4 gene	T028	C0017337
28220186	1525	1549	homologous recombination	T045	C0034865
28220186	1550	1560	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28220186	1576	1582	LsURA3	T028	C0017337
28220186	1583	1588	locus	T082	C1708726
28220186	1615	1624	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28220186	1625	1631	strain	T001	C1518614
28220186	1645	1680	2000-bp homologous flanking regions	T086	C0004793
28220186	1696	1720	homologous recombination	T045	C0034865
28220186	1721	1733	efficiencies	T081	C0013682
28220186	1748	1754	mutant	T028	C0678941
28220186	1755	1770	∆l sku70∆lslig4	T028	C0678941
28220186	1786	1792	mutant	T028	C0678941
28220186	1793	1814	∆lsku70∆lsku80∆lslig4	T028	C0678941
28220186	1859	1870	L. starkeyi	T004	C1002871
28220186	1871	1878	∆lslig4	T028	C0678941
28220186	1890	1897	strains	T001	C1518614
28220186	1924	1941	recipient strains	T001	C1518614
28220186	1946	1953	genetic	T063	C0017387
28220186	1958	1979	metabolic engineering	T063	C3179022
28220186	1980	1990	approaches	T169	C1292724
28220186	1999	2004	yeast	T004	C0043393

28220959|t|Evaluating clinical, dietary and psychological risk factors for relapse of ulcerative colitis in clinical, endoscopic and histological remission
28220959|a|The literature on possible factors that could trigger a relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical, endoscopic and histological remission on long term follow up is scarce. To determine the relapse rate in patients with UC in clinical, endoscopic and histological remission and identify factors that may influence the risk of relapse. Patients with UC in clinical, endoscopic and histological remission were enrolled between January-July 2010 and followed up for 1 year to determine the effect of clinical, dietary and psychological factors on relapse. Information regarding factors that may affect relapse such as infection, antibiotic or NSAIDs use and any other factor which the patient felt important, and compliance with medications was obtained. 97 patients (59 males, mean age 39 + 11.9 years) were followed up for a mean duration of 9 + 2.3 months. 18(18.6%) relapsed with the median time to relapse being 3.5 months. On univariate analysis more relapsers had significantly higher NSAIDs use within 15 days of relapse, respiratory tract infection within 4 weeks, use of steroids more than once in past, higher consumption of calcium, riboflavin, vitamin A and lower consumption of sugars. On multivariate analysis, NSAIDs use [HR(95%CI):6.41(1.88-21.9)]and intake of Vitamin A [HR(95%CI):1.008(1.000-1.016)] were statistically significant predictors of relapse. With a relapse rate of 18.6% over a follow up of 9 months in patients with UC in clinical, endoscopic and histological remission, independent predictors of relapse were history of NSAIDs use within 15 days of relapse and higher intake of Vitamin A.
28220959	11	19	clinical	T080	C0205210
28220959	21	28	dietary	T168	C0012155
28220959	33	46	psychological	T169	C0205486
28220959	47	59	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28220959	64	71	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	75	93	ulcerative colitis	T047	C0009324
28220959	97	105	clinical	T080	C0205210
28220959	107	117	endoscopic	T082	C0442418
28220959	122	134	histological	T169	C0205462
28220959	135	144	remission	T046	C0597370
28220959	201	208	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	212	220	patients	T101	C0030705
28220959	226	244	ulcerative colitis	T047	C0009324
28220959	246	248	UC	T047	C0009324
28220959	253	261	clinical	T080	C0205210
28220959	263	273	endoscopic	T082	C0442418
28220959	278	290	histological	T169	C0205462
28220959	291	300	remission	T046	C0597370
28220959	314	323	follow up	T058	C1522577
28220959	352	359	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	368	376	patients	T101	C0030705
28220959	382	384	UC	T047	C0009324
28220959	388	396	clinical	T080	C0205210
28220959	398	408	endoscopic	T082	C0442418
28220959	413	425	histological	T169	C0205462
28220959	426	435	remission	T046	C0597370
28220959	480	484	risk	T078	C0035647
28220959	488	495	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	497	505	Patients	T101	C0030705
28220959	511	513	UC	T047	C0009324
28220959	517	525	clinical	T080	C0205210
28220959	527	537	endoscopic	T082	C0442418
28220959	542	554	histological	T169	C0205462
28220959	555	564	remission	T046	C0597370
28220959	609	620	followed up	T058	C1522577
28220959	627	631	year	T079	C0439234
28220959	659	667	clinical	T080	C0205210
28220959	669	676	dietary	T168	C0012155
28220959	681	694	psychological	T169	C0205486
28220959	695	702	factors	T033	C0035648
28220959	706	713	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	761	768	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	777	786	infection	T046	C3714514
28220959	788	798	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28220959	802	808	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
28220959	844	851	patient	T101	C0030705
28220959	872	882	compliance	T055	C1321605
28220959	888	899	medications	T058	C2081612
28220959	917	925	patients	T101	C0030705
28220959	930	935	males	T098	C0025266
28220959	942	945	age	T032	C0001779
28220959	956	961	years	T079	C0439234
28220959	968	979	followed up	T058	C1522577
28220959	1011	1017	months	T079	C0439231
28220959	1029	1037	relapsed	T067	C0035020
28220959	1062	1069	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	1080	1086	months	T079	C0439231
28220959	1091	1110	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28220959	1151	1157	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
28220959	1172	1176	days	T079	C0439228
28220959	1180	1187	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	1189	1216	respiratory tract infection	T047	C0035243
28220959	1226	1231	weeks	T079	C0439230
28220959	1240	1248	steroids	T109	C0038317
28220959	1280	1291	consumption	T039	C1947907
28220959	1295	1302	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28220959	1304	1314	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28220959	1316	1325	vitamin A	T109,T121,T127	C0042839
28220959	1336	1347	consumption	T039	C1947907
28220959	1351	1357	sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
28220959	1362	1383	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28220959	1385	1391	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
28220959	1427	1433	intake	T169	C1512806
28220959	1437	1446	Vitamin A	T109,T121,T127	C0042839
28220959	1509	1519	predictors	T078	C2698872
28220959	1523	1530	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	1539	1546	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	1568	1577	follow up	T058	C1522577
28220959	1583	1589	months	T079	C0439231
28220959	1593	1601	patients	T101	C0030705
28220959	1607	1609	UC	T047	C0009324
28220959	1613	1621	clinical	T080	C0205210
28220959	1623	1633	endoscopic	T082	C0442418
28220959	1638	1650	histological	T169	C0205462
28220959	1651	1660	remission	T046	C0597370
28220959	1674	1684	predictors	T078	C2698872
28220959	1688	1695	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	1712	1718	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
28220959	1733	1737	days	T079	C0439228
28220959	1741	1748	relapse	T067	C0035020
28220959	1770	1779	Vitamin A	T109,T121,T127	C0042839

28221018|t|Low Efficiency Upconversion Nanoparticles for High-Resolution Coalignment of Near-Infrared and Visible Light Paths on a Light Microscope
28221018|a|The combination of near-infrared (NIR) and visible wavelengths in light microscopy for biological studies is increasingly common. For example, many fields of biology are developing the use of NIR for optogenetics, in which an NIR laser induces a change in gene expression and/or protein function. One major technical barrier in working with both NIR and visible light on an optical microscope is obtaining their precise coalignment at the imaging plane position. Photon upconverting particles (UCPs) can bridge this gap as they are excited by NIR light but emit in the visible range via an anti-Stokes luminescence mechanism. Here, two different UCPs have been identified, high- efficiency micro (540)- UCPs and lower efficiency nano (545)- UCPs, that respond to NIR light and emit visible light with high photostability even at very high NIR power densities (>25 000 Suns). Both of these UCPs can be rapidly and reversibly excited by visible and NIR light and emit light at visible wavelengths detectable with standard emission settings used for Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), a commonly used genetically encoded fluorophore. However, the high efficiency micro (540)- UCPs were suboptimal for NIR and visible light coalignment, due to their larger size and spatial broadening from particle -to- particle energy transfer consistent with a long-lived excited state and saturated power dependence. In contrast, the lower efficiency nano - UCPs were superior for precise coalignment of the NIR beam with the visible light path (∼2 μm versus ∼8 μm beam broadening, respectively) consistent with limited particle -to- particle energy transfer, superlinear power dependence for emission, and much smaller particle size. Furthermore, the nano - UCPs were superior to a traditional two- camera method for NIR and visible light path alignment in an in vivo Infrared-Laser-Evoked Gene Operator (IR-LEGO) optogenetics assay in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In summary, nano - UCPs are powerful new tools for coaligning NIR and visible light paths on a light microscope.
28221018	28	41	Nanoparticles	T073	C1450053
28221018	46	61	High-Resolution	T059	C1719039
28221018	62	73	Coalignment	T081	C1706765
28221018	77	90	Near-Infrared	T070	C1289901
28221018	95	108	Visible Light	T070	C0242377
28221018	120	136	Light Microscope	T074	C0491970
28221018	156	169	near-infrared	T070	C1289901
28221018	171	174	NIR	T070	C1289901
28221018	180	199	visible wavelengths	T070	C0242377
28221018	203	219	light microscopy	T059	C0430389
28221018	224	242	biological studies	T059	C0005507
28221018	295	302	biology	T091	C0005532
28221018	329	332	NIR	T070	C1289901
28221018	337	349	optogenetics	T063	C3494301
28221018	363	372	NIR laser	T070	C1289901
28221018	393	408	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28221018	416	432	protein function	T044	C1527118
28221018	444	461	technical barrier	T067	C1710348
28221018	483	486	NIR	T070	C1289901
28221018	491	504	visible light	T070	C0242377
28221018	511	529	optical microscope	T059	C0026018
28221018	557	568	coalignment	T081	C1706765
28221018	576	598	imaging plane position	T082	C1254362
28221018	600	606	Photon	T167	C0086805
28221018	607	629	upconverting particles	T104	C0597177
28221018	631	635	UCPs	T104	C0597177
28221018	653	656	gap	T082	C3887622
28221018	669	676	excited	T052	C0549255
28221018	680	689	NIR light	T070	C1289901
28221018	694	698	emit	T070	C0596835
28221018	706	719	visible range	T070	C0242377
28221018	727	761	anti-Stokes luminescence mechanism	T080	C4054591
28221018	783	787	UCPs	T104	C0597177
28221018	816	826	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28221018	827	832	micro	T077	C3811161
28221018	840	844	UCPs	T104	C0597177
28221018	855	865	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28221018	866	870	nano	T081	C1553036
28221018	878	882	UCPs	T104	C0597177
28221018	900	909	NIR light	T070	C1289901
28221018	919	932	visible light	T070	C0242377
28221018	943	957	photostability	T080	C0205360
28221018	976	979	NIR	T070	C1289901
28221018	1026	1030	UCPs	T104	C0597177
28221018	1061	1068	excited	T052	C0549255
28221018	1072	1079	visible	T070	C0242377
28221018	1084	1093	NIR light	T070	C1289901
28221018	1098	1108	emit light	T070	C0596835
28221018	1112	1131	visible wavelengths	T070	C0242377
28221018	1157	1165	emission	T070	C0596835
28221018	1184	1209	Green Fluorescent Protein	T116,T130	C0120285
28221018	1211	1214	GFP	T116,T130	C0120285
28221018	1233	1252	genetically encoded	T045	C0314627
28221018	1253	1264	fluorophore	T121,T130	C0598447
28221018	1284	1294	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28221018	1295	1300	micro	T077	C3811161
28221018	1308	1312	UCPs	T104	C0597177
28221018	1318	1328	suboptimal	T080	C2984009
28221018	1333	1336	NIR	T070	C1289901
28221018	1341	1354	visible light	T070	C0242377
28221018	1355	1366	coalignment	T081	C1706765
28221018	1381	1387	larger	T081	C0549177
28221018	1388	1392	size	T082	C0456389
28221018	1397	1415	spatial broadening	T082	C0332464
28221018	1421	1429	particle	T104	C0597177
28221018	1435	1443	particle	T104	C0597177
28221018	1444	1459	energy transfer	T044	C0014274
28221018	1489	1502	excited state	T033	C3833702
28221018	1558	1568	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28221018	1569	1573	nano	T081	C1553036
28221018	1576	1580	UCPs	T104	C0597177
28221018	1607	1618	coalignment	T081	C1706765
28221018	1626	1634	NIR beam	T070	C1289901
28221018	1644	1657	visible light	T070	C0242377
28221018	1683	1687	beam	T070	C0260186
28221018	1688	1698	broadening	T082	C0332464
28221018	1738	1746	particle	T104	C0597177
28221018	1752	1760	particle	T104	C0597177
28221018	1761	1776	energy transfer	T044	C0014274
28221018	1811	1819	emission	T070	C0596835
28221018	1838	1851	particle size	T081	C0030608
28221018	1870	1874	nano	T081	C1553036
28221018	1877	1881	UCPs	T104	C0597177
28221018	1918	1924	camera	T074	C0179533
28221018	1936	1939	NIR	T070	C1289901
28221018	1944	1957	visible light	T070	C0242377
28221018	1963	1972	alignment	T081	C1706765
28221018	1979	1986	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28221018	1987	2051	Infrared-Laser-Evoked Gene Operator (IR-LEGO) optogenetics assay	T063	C3494301
28221018	2073	2097	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28221018	2111	2115	nano	T081	C1553036
28221018	2118	2122	UCPs	T104	C0597177
28221018	2150	2160	coaligning	T081	C1706765
28221018	2161	2164	NIR	T070	C1289901
28221018	2169	2182	visible light	T070	C0242377
28221018	2194	2210	light microscope	T074	C0491970

28221032|t|High Performance Reduction of H2O2 with an Electron Transport Decaheme Cytochrome on a Porous ITO Electrode
28221032|a|The decaheme cytochrome MtrC from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 immobilized on an ITO electrode displays unprecedented H2O2 reduction activity. Although MtrC showed lower peroxidase activity in solution compared to horseradish peroxidase, the ten heme cofactors enable excellent electronic communication and a superior activity on the electrode surface. A hierarchical ITO electrode enabled optimal immobilization of MtrC and a high current density of 1 mA cm(-2) at 0.4 V vs SHE could be obtained at pH 6.5 (Eonset = 0.72 V). UV-visible and Resonance Raman spectroelectrochemical studies suggest the formation of a high valent iron-oxo species as the catalytic intermediate. Our findings demonstrate the potential of multiheme cytochromes to catalyze technologically relevant reactions and establish MtrC as a new benchmark in biotechnological H2O2 reduction with scope for applications in fuel cells and biosensors.
28221032	17	26	Reduction	T070	C0301630
28221032	30	34	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28221032	43	61	Electron Transport	T044	C0013846
28221032	62	81	Decaheme Cytochrome	T116,T126	C0010749
28221032	94	97	ITO	T197	C0669925
28221032	98	107	Electrode	T073	C1705652
28221032	112	136	decaheme cytochrome MtrC	T116,T126	C0010749
28221032	142	168	Shewanella oneidensis MR-1	T007	C1028266
28221032	169	180	immobilized	T116,T126,T130	C0014444
28221032	187	190	ITO	T197	C0669925
28221032	191	200	electrode	T073	C1705652
28221032	224	228	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28221032	229	238	reduction	T070	C0301630
28221032	258	262	MtrC	T116,T126	C0010749
28221032	276	295	peroxidase activity	T044	C1151518
28221032	320	342	horseradish peroxidase	T116,T126,T130	C0019941
28221032	352	356	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28221032	357	366	cofactors	T109,T123	C0009235
28221032	384	408	electronic communication	T170	C0683826
28221032	440	449	electrode	T073	C1705652
28221032	474	477	ITO	T197	C0669925
28221032	478	487	electrode	T073	C1705652
28221032	504	518	immobilization	T067	C1254366
28221032	522	526	MtrC	T116,T126	C0010749
28221032	538	553	current density	T081	C2349035
28221032	581	584	SHE	T073	C1705652
28221032	632	642	UV-visible	T070	C1883416
28221032	647	693	Resonance Raman spectroelectrochemical studies	T059	C0037815
28221032	757	766	catalytic	T070	C0007382
28221032	810	819	potential	T080	C3245505
28221032	823	844	multiheme cytochromes	T116,T126	C0010749
28221032	848	856	catalyze	T070	C0007382
28221032	857	872	technologically	UnknownType	C0681539
28221032	906	910	MtrC	T116,T126	C0010749
28221032	933	949	biotechnological	T091	C0005574
28221032	950	954	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28221032	955	964	reduction	T070	C0301630
28221032	996	1006	fuel cells	T073	C3273359
28221032	1011	1021	biosensors	T075	C0600364

28221207|t|Aprotinin vs. tranexamic acid in isolated coronary artery bypass surgery: A multicentre observational study
28221207|a|Aprotinin appears to be more efficacious than lysine analogues to reduce bleeding and transfusion of blood products in high-transfusion-risk cardiac surgical patients. However, in isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, the results from head-to-head trials remain less conclusive. Our objective was to compare the efficacies and safety of aprotinin and tranexamic acid (TXA) in patients undergoing isolated on-pump CABG. A multicentre before-and-after study pooling individual data from published trials and unpublished data from three other databases. Four tertiary care teaching hospitals (Haut-Lévêque Hospital in Bordeaux, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital and Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital in Paris, and Laennec Hospital in Nantes). We included data of 2496 isolated on-pump CABG surgery patients who received either aprotinin between November 2003 and May 2008 (n = 1267) or TXA between November 2007 and November 2013 (n = 1229). The primary outcome was total blood loss within 24 h after operation. Secondary outcomes were transfusion of blood products, reoperation for bleeding, renal replacement therapy, ICU length of stay and in-hospital mortality. Adjusted mean (SEM) 24-h blood loss after surgery [483 (11) vs. 634 (11) ml, P < 0.0001] and the proportion of patients requiring intraoperative blood product transfusion (32.7 vs. 46.5%, P = 0.01) were lower in aprotinin -treated patients. No difference was observed with regard to reoperations for bleeding, renal replacement therapy and in-hospital mortality. However, patients receiving aprotinin had a significantly shorter adjusted ICU length of stay. In patients undergoing isolated CABG, aprotinin was more effective than TXA in reducing postoperative blood loss, and no safety concerns were identified. The benefits of aprotinin should be considered when evaluating the risk of major blood loss and transfusion in patients scheduled for isolated CABG surgery.
28221207	0	9	Aprotinin	T116,T121,T123	C0003641
28221207	14	29	tranexamic acid	T109,T121	C0040613
28221207	42	72	coronary artery bypass surgery	T061	C0010055
28221207	76	107	multicentre observational study	T062	C1518527
28221207	108	117	Aprotinin	T116,T121,T123	C0003641
28221207	137	148	efficacious	T080	C1704419
28221207	154	170	lysine analogues	T116,T121,T123	C0597826
28221207	181	189	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28221207	194	223	transfusion of blood products	T061	C0371802
28221207	227	248	high-transfusion-risk	T033	C0243095
28221207	249	256	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28221207	257	274	surgical patients	T101	C0871463
28221207	288	340	isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery	T061	C0010055
28221207	359	378	head-to-head trials	T062	C0008976
28221207	386	401	less conclusive	T033	C3842141
28221207	424	446	compare the efficacies	T062	C1707887
28221207	451	457	safety	T062	C1705187
28221207	461	470	aprotinin	T116,T121,T123	C0003641
28221207	475	490	tranexamic acid	T109,T121	C0040613
28221207	492	495	TXA	T109,T121	C0040613
28221207	500	508	patients	T101	C0030705
28221207	537	541	CABG	T061	C0010055
28221207	557	603	before-and-after study pooling individual data	T170	C1516606
28221207	609	625	published trials	T170	C1096775
28221207	630	646	unpublished data	T078	C1511726
28221207	664	673	databases	T170	C0242356
28221207	680	712	tertiary care teaching hospitals	T073,T093	C0337954
28221207	780	810	Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28221207	814	819	Paris	T083	C0030561
28221207	825	841	Laennec Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28221207	845	851	Nantes	UnknownType	C0681784
28221207	896	908	CABG surgery	T061	C0010055
28221207	909	917	patients	T101	C0871463
28221207	938	947	aprotinin	T116,T121,T123	C0003641
28221207	997	1000	TXA	T116,T121,T123	C0003641
28221207	1057	1072	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28221207	1083	1093	blood loss	T046	C0032788
28221207	1112	1121	operation	T061	C0543467
28221207	1123	1141	Secondary outcomes	T080	C3274440
28221207	1147	1176	transfusion of blood products	T061	C0371802
28221207	1178	1202	reoperation for bleeding	T061	C0035110
28221207	1204	1229	renal replacement therapy	T061	C0206074
28221207	1231	1249	ICU length of stay	T079	C0023303
28221207	1254	1275	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28221207	1277	1290	Adjusted mean	T081	C0444504
28221207	1292	1295	SEM	T081	C0444504
28221207	1302	1326	blood loss after surgery	T046	C0032788
28221207	1374	1396	proportion of patients	T081	C1709707
28221207	1397	1447	requiring intraoperative blood product transfusion	T046	C4075673
28221207	1489	1498	aprotinin	T116,T121,T123	C0003641
28221207	1508	1516	patients	T101	C0030705
28221207	1560	1585	reoperations for bleeding	T061	C0035110
28221207	1587	1612	renal replacement therapy	T061	C0206074
28221207	1617	1638	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28221207	1649	1657	patients	T101	C0030705
28221207	1668	1677	aprotinin	T116,T121,T123	C0003641
28221207	1715	1733	ICU length of stay	T079	C0023303
28221207	1738	1746	patients	T101	C0030705
28221207	1758	1771	isolated CABG	T061	C0010055
28221207	1773	1782	aprotinin	T116,T121,T123	C0003641
28221207	1807	1810	TXA	T116,T121,T123	C0003641
28221207	1823	1847	postoperative blood loss	T046	C0032788
28221207	1905	1914	aprotinin	T116,T121,T123	C0003641
28221207	1964	1980	major blood loss	T046	C0019080
28221207	1985	1996	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28221207	2000	2008	patients	T101	C0030705
28221207	2032	2044	CABG surgery	T061	C0010055

28221291|t|Ophthalmic Manifestations of Facial Dog Bites in Children
28221291|a|To characterize ophthalmic manifestations and periocular injuries of pediatric facial dog bites. A retrospective review of all children younger than 18 years who sought medical attention after a dog bite to the face between January 1, 2003 and May 22, 2014 was performed at a large tertiary pediatric hospital. Data on type and location of injury, surgical intervention, and complications were collected. A total of 1,989 children aged 0.19 to 17 years were identified with dog bite s. Dog bite s to the face occurred in most patients (n = 1, 414 [71%]). Of those children with facial dog bite injuries, 230 (16%) suffered ophthalmic manifestations. The average age was 4.3 years. Eyelid injuries occurred in 227 (99%) of children, 47 (20%) sustained canalicular system injuries, 3 (1.3%) suffered corneal abrasions, and 2 patients sustained facial nerve injury resulting in lagophthalmos. No patients suffered vision loss. Complications occurred in 32 patients (14%), with the most common being epiphora in 9 patients (28%), upper eyelid ptosis in 8 (25%), and prominent scar formation in 4 patients (13%). Thirteen children (5.7%) needed one or more secondary procedure to correct complications. The authors report the clinical features and management on the largest series of ophthalmic and periocular injuries associated with pediatric facial dog bite s. These injuries occur in about 1 in 6 dog bite s to the face and primarily involve the ocular adnexa. Despite early and appropriate surgical management, complications and the need for revision surgery are relatively common.
28221291	0	25	Ophthalmic Manifestations	T184	C0015411
28221291	29	35	Facial	T029	C0015450
28221291	36	45	Dog Bites	T037	C0259797
28221291	49	57	Children	T100	C0008059
28221291	74	99	ophthalmic manifestations	T184	C0015411
28221291	104	123	periocular injuries	T037	C4290297
28221291	127	136	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28221291	137	143	facial	T029	C0015450
28221291	144	153	dog bites	T037	C0259797
28221291	157	170	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28221291	171	177	review	T170	C0282443
28221291	185	193	children	T100	C0008059
28221291	194	201	younger	T079	C0332239
28221291	210	215	years	T079	C0439234
28221291	227	234	medical	T169	C0205476
28221291	235	244	attention	T041	C0004268
28221291	253	261	dog bite	T037	C0259797
28221291	269	273	face	T029	C0015450
28221291	282	289	January	T080	C3829466
28221291	302	305	May	T079	C3812381
28221291	319	328	performed	T169	C0884358
28221291	334	348	large tertiary	T081	C0205372
28221291	349	367	pediatric hospital	T093	C0020017
28221291	369	373	Data	T078	C1511726
28221291	377	381	type	T080	C0332307
28221291	386	404	location of injury	T033	C0552513
28221291	406	427	surgical intervention	T033	C0549433
28221291	433	446	complications	T046	C1264516
28221291	452	461	collected	T169	C1516698
28221291	465	470	total	T080	C0439810
28221291	480	488	children	T100	C0008059
28221291	489	493	aged	T032	C0001779
28221291	505	510	years	T079	C0439234
28221291	516	526	identified	T080	C0205396
28221291	532	540	dog bite	T037	C0259797
28221291	532	542	dog bite s	T037	C0259797
28221291	544	552	Dog bite	T037	C0259797
28221291	544	554	Dog bite s	T037	C0259797
28221291	562	566	face	T029	C0015450
28221291	567	575	occurred	T079	C2745955
28221291	579	583	most	T081	C0205393
28221291	584	592	patients	T101	C0030705
28221291	622	630	children	T100	C0008059
28221291	636	642	facial	T029	C0015450
28221291	643	660	dog bite injuries	T037	C0259797
28221291	672	680	suffered	T048	C0683278
28221291	681	706	ophthalmic manifestations	T184	C0015411
28221291	712	719	average	T081	C1510992
28221291	720	723	age	T032	C0001779
28221291	732	737	years	T079	C0439234
28221291	739	754	Eyelid injuries	T037	C0339089
28221291	755	763	occurred	T079	C2745955
28221291	780	788	children	T100	C0008059
28221291	799	808	sustained	T169	C0443318
28221291	809	827	canalicular system	T022	C0460002
28221291	828	836	injuries	T037	C0005658
28221291	847	855	suffered	T048	C0683278
28221291	856	873	corneal abrasions	T037	C0010032
28221291	881	889	patients	T101	C0030705
28221291	890	899	sustained	T169	C0443318
28221291	900	906	facial	T029	C0015450
28221291	907	919	nerve injury	T037	C0161479
28221291	920	932	resulting in	T169	C0332294
28221291	933	946	lagophthalmos	T047	C0152226
28221291	951	959	patients	T101	C0030705
28221291	960	968	suffered	T048	C0683278
28221291	969	980	vision loss	T033	C0456909
28221291	982	995	Complications	T046	C1264516
28221291	996	1004	occurred	T079	C2745955
28221291	1011	1019	patients	T101	C0030705
28221291	1036	1040	most	T081	C0205393
28221291	1041	1047	common	T169	C1522138
28221291	1054	1062	epiphora	T204	C1024522
28221291	1068	1076	patients	T101	C0030705
28221291	1084	1103	upper eyelid ptosis	UnknownType	C0748090
28221291	1120	1129	prominent	T080	C0205402
28221291	1130	1144	scar formation	T033	C1822291
28221291	1150	1158	patients	T101	C0030705
28221291	1175	1183	children	T100	C0008059
28221291	1191	1197	needed	T080	C0027552
28221291	1210	1229	secondary procedure	T061	C0445275
28221291	1233	1240	correct	T080	C2349182
28221291	1241	1254	complications	T046	C1264516
28221291	1260	1267	authors	T097	C3812881
28221291	1268	1274	report	T170	C0684224
28221291	1279	1296	clinical features	T080	C2348519
28221291	1301	1311	management	T090	C3273539
28221291	1319	1333	largest series	T081	C0205549
28221291	1337	1347	ophthalmic	T037	C0015408
28221291	1352	1371	periocular injuries	T037	C4290297
28221291	1372	1387	associated with	T080	C0332281
28221291	1388	1397	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28221291	1398	1404	facial	T029	C0015450
28221291	1405	1413	dog bite	T037	C0259797
28221291	1405	1415	dog bite s	T037	C0259797
28221291	1423	1431	injuries	T037	C0005658
28221291	1432	1437	occur	T079	C2745955
28221291	1454	1462	dog bite	T037	C0259797
28221291	1454	1464	dog bite s	T037	C0259797
28221291	1472	1476	face	T029	C0015450
28221291	1503	1516	ocular adnexa	T023	C0229243
28221291	1526	1531	early	T079	C1279919
28221291	1536	1547	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28221291	1548	1567	surgical management	T058	C1515089
28221291	1569	1582	complications	T046	C1264516
28221291	1591	1595	need	T080	C0027552
28221291	1600	1616	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
28221291	1632	1638	common	T169	C1522138

28222010|t|Optical tweezers studies of transcription by eukaryotic RNA polymerases
28222010|a|Transcription is the first step in the expression of genetic information and it is carried out by large macromolecular enzymes called RNA polymerases. Transcription has been studied for many years and with a myriad of experimental techniques, ranging from bulk studies to high-resolution transcript sequencing. In this review, we emphasise the advantages of using single-molecule techniques, particularly optical tweezers, to study transcription dynamics. We give an overview of the latest results in the single-molecule transcription field, focusing on transcription by eukaryotic RNA polymerases. Finally, we evaluate recent quantitative models that describe the biophysics of RNA polymerase translocation and backtracking dynamics.
28222010	0	16	Optical tweezers	T062	C1883721
28222010	17	24	studies	T062	C2603343
28222010	28	41	transcription	T045	C0040649
28222010	45	55	eukaryotic	T025	C0015161
28222010	56	71	RNA polymerases	T116,T126	C0035681
28222010	72	85	Transcription	T045	C0040649
28222010	93	103	first step	T077	C1261552
28222010	111	121	expression	T045	C0017262
28222010	125	132	genetic	T169	C0314603
28222010	133	144	information	T078	C1533716
28222010	155	162	carried	T052	C0206243
28222010	176	190	macromolecular	T104	C1449655
28222010	191	198	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28222010	206	221	RNA polymerases	T116,T126	C0035681
28222010	223	236	Transcription	T045	C0040649
28222010	246	253	studied	T062	C2603343
28222010	280	286	myriad	T170	C1881938
28222010	290	302	experimental	T080	C1517586
28222010	303	313	techniques	T169	C0449851
28222010	315	322	ranging	T081	C1514721
28222010	333	340	studies	T062	C2603343
28222010	344	381	high-resolution transcript sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
28222010	391	397	review	T170	C0282443
28222010	436	451	single-molecule	T167	C0872367
28222010	452	462	techniques	T169	C0449851
28222010	477	493	optical tweezers	T062	C1883721
28222010	498	503	study	T062	C2603343
28222010	504	517	transcription	T045	C0040649
28222010	518	526	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28222010	539	547	overview	T170	C0814812
28222010	562	569	results	T169	C1274040
28222010	577	592	single-molecule	T167	C0872367
28222010	593	606	transcription	T045	C0040649
28222010	607	612	field	T077	C1521738
28222010	626	639	transcription	T045	C0040649
28222010	643	653	eukaryotic	T025	C0015161
28222010	654	669	RNA polymerases	T116,T126	C0035681
28222010	699	711	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28222010	712	718	models	T075	C0026336
28222010	724	732	describe	T078	C1552738
28222010	737	747	biophysics	T091	C0005553
28222010	751	765	RNA polymerase	T116,T126	C0035681
28222010	766	779	translocation	T043	C0599893
28222010	797	805	dynamics	T070	C3826426

28222015|t|Plasma levels of endothelin-1 and renal function among young and healthy adults
28222015|a|Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstrictive and pro-inflammatory peptide, is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma ET-1 levels and renal function among young and healthy adults. Individuals aged 25-41 years were enrolled in a population-based cohort study. Main exclusion criteria were established kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and a body mass index >35 kg/m2. Fasting venous plasma samples were used to measure creatinine, cystatin C and ET-1. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using the creatinine based chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD - EPI) formula. Multivariable regression models were constructed to assess interrelationships of plasma ET-1 with parameters of renal function. Median age of the 2139 participants was 37 years, 47% males. Median creatinine and eGFR were 67 μmol/L and 112 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Using quartile one as the reference group, the β-coefficients (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for eGFR were 0.06 (- 1.22 to 1.35),-0.66 (- 1.95 to 0.62) and-1.70 (- 3.01 to-0.39) for quartiles 2-4 (p-for-trend=0.0056), respectively and β-coefficients (95% CIs) for cystatin C were 0.002 (- 0.01 to 0.02), 0.02 (0.003-0.03) and 0.03 (0.01-0.04) for quartiles 2-4 (p-for-trend<0.0001), respectively. Using ET-1 as a continuous variable, the β-coefficient (95% CI) for eGFR per 1-unit increase was-1.82 (- 3.19 to-0.44, p=0.0095) and 0.02 (0.01-0.04, p=0.0003) for cystatin C. Similar results were found between creatinine and ET-1 levels. ET-1 levels are strongly associated with parameters of renal function among young and healthy adults, suggesting an important role of ET-1 and endothelial function in the regulation of kidney function.
28222015	0	6	Plasma	T031	C0032105
28222015	7	13	levels	T080	C0441889
28222015	17	29	endothelin-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28222015	34	48	renal function	T042	C0232804
28222015	55	60	young	T079	C0332239
28222015	65	79	healthy adults	T033	C0686750
28222015	80	92	Endothelin-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28222015	94	98	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28222015	103	119	vasoconstrictive	T042	C0042396
28222015	124	140	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28222015	141	148	peptide	T116	C0030956
28222015	153	168	associated with	T080	C0332281
28222015	177	204	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28222015	209	217	outcomes	T170	C1550208
28222015	222	227	aimed	T078	C1947946
28222015	231	242	investigate	T169	C1292732
28222015	247	258	association	T080	C0439849
28222015	262	268	plasma	T031	C0032105
28222015	269	273	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28222015	274	280	levels	T080	C0441889
28222015	285	299	renal function	T042	C0232804
28222015	306	311	young	T079	C0332239
28222015	316	330	healthy adults	T033	C0686750
28222015	332	343	Individuals	T098	C0237401
28222015	344	348	aged	T032	C0001779
28222015	380	409	population-based cohort study	T062	C1709599
28222015	416	434	exclusion criteria	T169	C0680251
28222015	440	451	established	T080	C0443211
28222015	452	466	kidney disease	T047	C0022658
28222015	468	491	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28222015	493	510	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28222015	517	532	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28222015	544	551	Fasting	T033	C0015663
28222015	552	565	venous plasma	T031	C3838734
28222015	566	573	samples	T077	C2347026
28222015	587	605	measure creatinine	T059	C0201975
28222015	607	617	cystatin C	T059	C1619716
28222015	622	626	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28222015	632	668	estimated glomerular filtration rate	T059	C3811844
28222015	670	674	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28222015	680	690	calculated	T059	C1443182
28222015	701	711	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28222015	718	740	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
28222015	741	753	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28222015	769	772	CKD	T047	C1561643
28222015	775	778	EPI	T091	C0014507
28222015	780	787	formula	T170	C0489829
28222015	789	813	Multivariable regression	T080	C0681923
28222015	814	820	models	T170	C3161035
28222015	841	847	assess	T058	C0184514
28222015	848	866	interrelationships	T033	C0243095
28222015	870	876	plasma	T031	C0032105
28222015	877	881	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28222015	887	897	parameters	T077	C0549193
28222015	901	915	renal function	T042	C0232804
28222015	917	927	Median age	T079	C1254367
28222015	940	952	participants	T098	C0679646
28222015	971	976	males	T032	C0086582
28222015	978	984	Median	T081	C0876920
28222015	985	995	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28222015	1000	1004	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28222015	1064	1072	quartile	T080	C2828255
28222015	1084	1099	reference group	T098	C0680399
28222015	1105	1119	β-coefficients	T081	C1707429
28222015	1125	1145	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28222015	1147	1150	CIs	T081	C0009667
28222015	1157	1161	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28222015	1242	1251	quartiles	T080	C2828255
28222015	1295	1309	β-coefficients	T081	C1707429
28222015	1315	1318	CIs	T081	C0009667
28222015	1324	1334	cystatin C	T116,T121	C0071744
28222015	1407	1416	quartiles	T080	C2828255
28222015	1463	1467	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28222015	1473	1492	continuous variable	T081	C3242610
28222015	1498	1511	β-coefficient	T081	C1707429
28222015	1517	1519	CI	T081	C0009667
28222015	1525	1529	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28222015	1541	1549	increase	T081	C0205217
28222015	1621	1631	cystatin C	T116,T121	C0071744
28222015	1633	1640	Similar	T080	C2348205
28222015	1641	1648	results	T034	C0456984
28222015	1654	1659	found	T033	C0150312
28222015	1668	1678	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28222015	1683	1687	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28222015	1688	1694	levels	T080	C0441889
28222015	1696	1700	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28222015	1701	1707	levels	T080	C0441889
28222015	1721	1736	associated with	T080	C0332281
28222015	1737	1747	parameters	T077	C0549193
28222015	1751	1765	renal function	T042	C0232804
28222015	1772	1777	young	T079	C0332239
28222015	1782	1796	healthy adults	T033	C0686750
28222015	1798	1808	suggesting	T078	C1705535
28222015	1812	1821	important	T080	C3898777
28222015	1830	1834	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28222015	1839	1859	endothelial function	T042	C1254358
28222015	1867	1877	regulation	T038	C1327622
28222015	1881	1896	kidney function	T042	C0232804

28222139|t|Leprosy reactions: The predictive value of Mycobacterium leprae - specific serology evaluated in a Brazilian cohort of leprosy patients (U-MDT / CT-BR)
28222139|a|Leprosy reactions, reversal reactions / RR and erythema nodosum leprosum / ENL, can cause irreversible nerve damage, handicaps and deformities. The study of Mycobacterium leprae - specific serologic responses at diagnosis in the cohort of patients enrolled at the Clinical Trial for Uniform Multidrug Therapy Regimen for Leprosy Patients in Brazil / U-MDT / CT-BR is suitable to evaluate its prognostic value for the development of reactions. IgM and IgG antibody responses to PGL-I, LID-1, ND-O-LID were evaluated by ELISA in 452 reaction-free leprosy patients at diagnosis, enrolled and monitored for the development of leprosy reactions during a total person - time of 780,930 person - days, i.e. 2139.5 person - years, with a maximum of 6.66 years follow-up time. Among these patients, 36% (160/452) developed reactions during follow-up: 26% (119/452) RR and 10% (41/452) had ENL. At baseline higher anti-PGL-I, anti-LID-1 and anti-ND-O-LID seropositivity rates were seen in patients who developed ENL and RR compared to reaction-free patients (p<0.0001). Seroreactivity in reactional and reaction-free patients was stratified by bacilloscopic index / BI categories. Among BI negative patients, higher anti-PGL-I levels were seen in RR compared to reaction-free patients (p = 0.014). In patients with 0< BI <3, (36 RR, 36 reaction-free), higher antibody levels to PGL-I (p = 0.014) and to LID-1 (p = 0.035) were seen in RR while difference in anti-ND-O-LID positivity was borderline (p = 0.052). Patients with BI ≥3 that developed ENL had higher levels of anti-LID-1 antibodies (p = 0.028) compared to reaction-free patients. Anti-PGL-I serology had a limited predictive value for RR according to receiver operating curve / ROC analyses (area-under-the-curve / AUC = 0.7). Anti LID-1 serology at baseline showed the best performance to predict ENL (AUC 0.85). Overall, detection of anti-PGL-I, anti-LID-1 and anti-ND-O-LID antibodies at diagnosis, showed low sensitivity and specificity for RR prediction, indicating low applicability of serological tests for RR prognosis. On the other hand, anti-LID-1 serology at diagnosis has shown prognostic value for ENL development in BI positive patients. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00669643.
28222139	0	17	Leprosy reactions	T047	C0343461
28222139	23	39	predictive value	T081	C0032944
28222139	43	63	Mycobacterium leprae	T007	C0026922
28222139	66	74	specific	T080	C0205369
28222139	75	83	serology	T169	C0220911
28222139	84	93	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28222139	99	108	Brazilian	T033	C0238815
28222139	109	115	cohort	T098	C0599755
28222139	119	126	leprosy	T047	C0023343
28222139	127	135	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	137	142	U-MDT	T061	C0013216
28222139	145	150	CT-BR	T083	C0006137
28222139	152	169	Leprosy reactions	T047	C0343461
28222139	171	189	reversal reactions	T047	C0343461
28222139	192	194	RR	T047	C0343461
28222139	199	224	erythema nodosum leprosum	T047	C0343467
28222139	227	230	ENL	T047	C0343467
28222139	255	267	nerve damage	T037	C0161479
28222139	269	278	handicaps	T033	C0231172
28222139	283	294	deformities	T190	C0302142
28222139	309	329	Mycobacterium leprae	T007	C0026922
28222139	332	340	specific	T080	C0205369
28222139	341	360	serologic responses	T169	C0220911
28222139	364	373	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28222139	381	387	cohort	T098	C0599755
28222139	391	399	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	416	430	Clinical Trial	T062	C0008976
28222139	435	442	Uniform	T080	C0205375
28222139	443	460	Multidrug Therapy	T061	C0013216
28222139	473	480	Leprosy	T047	C0023343
28222139	481	489	Patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	493	499	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28222139	502	507	U-MDT	T061	C0013216
28222139	510	515	CT-BR	T083	C0006137
28222139	531	539	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28222139	544	560	prognostic value	T081	C0449821
28222139	569	580	development	T169	C1527148
28222139	584	593	reactions	T169	C0443286
28222139	595	598	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
28222139	603	606	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
28222139	607	625	antibody responses	T038	C0003261
28222139	629	634	PGL-I	T109	C0070575
28222139	636	641	LID-1	T129	C0003320
28222139	643	651	ND-O-LID	T129	C0003320
28222139	657	666	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28222139	670	675	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28222139	683	696	reaction-free	T033	C0442740
28222139	697	704	leprosy	T047	C0023343
28222139	705	713	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	717	726	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28222139	741	750	monitored	T058	C0030695
28222139	759	770	development	T169	C1527148
28222139	774	791	leprosy reactions	T047	C0343461
28222139	801	806	total	T080	C0439810
28222139	807	813	person	T098	C0027361
28222139	816	820	time	T079	C0040223
28222139	832	838	person	T098	C0027361
28222139	841	845	days	T079	C0439228
28222139	859	865	person	T098	C0027361
28222139	868	873	years	T079	C0439234
28222139	882	889	maximum	T081	C0806909
28222139	898	903	years	T079	C0439234
28222139	904	913	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28222139	914	918	time	T079	C0040223
28222139	932	940	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	956	965	developed	T169	C1527148
28222139	966	975	reactions	T169	C0443286
28222139	983	992	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28222139	1008	1010	RR	T047	C0343461
28222139	1032	1035	ENL	T047	C0343467
28222139	1040	1048	baseline	T081	C1442488
28222139	1049	1055	higher	T080	C0205250
28222139	1056	1066	anti-PGL-I	T033	C0243095
28222139	1068	1078	anti-LID-1	T033	C0243095
28222139	1083	1096	anti-ND-O-LID	T033	C0243095
28222139	1097	1111	seropositivity	T080	C0521143
28222139	1112	1117	rates	T081	C1521828
28222139	1131	1139	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	1144	1153	developed	T169	C1527148
28222139	1154	1157	ENL	T047	C0343467
28222139	1162	1164	RR	T047	C0343461
28222139	1165	1173	compared	T052	C1707455
28222139	1177	1190	reaction-free	T033	C0442740
28222139	1191	1199	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	1212	1226	Seroreactivity	T080	C0205556
28222139	1230	1240	reactional	T169	C0443286
28222139	1245	1258	reaction-free	T033	C0442740
28222139	1259	1267	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	1272	1282	stratified	T080	C0205363
28222139	1286	1305	bacilloscopic index	T081	C0392762
28222139	1308	1310	BI	T081	C0392762
28222139	1329	1331	BI	T081	C0392762
28222139	1332	1340	negative	T033	C0205160
28222139	1341	1349	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	1351	1357	higher	T080	C0205250
28222139	1358	1368	anti-PGL-I	T033	C0243095
28222139	1369	1375	levels	T080	C0441889
28222139	1389	1391	RR	T047	C0343461
28222139	1392	1400	compared	T052	C1707455
28222139	1404	1417	reaction-free	T033	C0442740
28222139	1418	1426	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	1443	1451	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	1460	1462	BI	T081	C0392762
28222139	1471	1473	RR	T047	C0343461
28222139	1478	1491	reaction-free	T033	C0442740
28222139	1494	1500	higher	T080	C0205250
28222139	1501	1509	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28222139	1510	1516	levels	T080	C0441889
28222139	1520	1525	PGL-I	T109	C0070575
28222139	1545	1550	LID-1	T129	C0003320
28222139	1576	1578	RR	T047	C0343461
28222139	1585	1595	difference	T080	C1705242
28222139	1599	1612	anti-ND-O-LID	T033	C0243095
28222139	1613	1623	positivity	T033	C1446409
28222139	1628	1638	borderline	T080	C0205189
28222139	1652	1660	Patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	1666	1668	BI	T081	C0392762
28222139	1677	1686	developed	T169	C1527148
28222139	1687	1690	ENL	T047	C0343467
28222139	1695	1701	higher	T080	C0205250
28222139	1702	1708	levels	T080	C0441889
28222139	1712	1722	anti-LID-1	T033	C0243095
28222139	1723	1733	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28222139	1746	1754	compared	T052	C1707455
28222139	1758	1771	reaction-free	T033	C0442740
28222139	1772	1780	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	1782	1792	Anti-PGL-I	T033	C0243095
28222139	1793	1801	serology	T059	C0036743
28222139	1816	1832	predictive value	T081	C0032944
28222139	1837	1839	RR	T047	C0343461
28222139	1853	1877	receiver operating curve	T081	C0035787
28222139	1880	1892	ROC analyses	T081	C0035787
28222139	1894	1914	area-under-the-curve	T081	C0376690
28222139	1917	1920	AUC	T081	C0376690
28222139	1929	1939	Anti LID-1	T033	C0243095
28222139	1940	1948	serology	T059	C0036743
28222139	1952	1960	baseline	T081	C1442488
28222139	1977	1988	performance	T052	C1882330
28222139	1992	1999	predict	T078	C0681842
28222139	2000	2003	ENL	T047	C0343467
28222139	2005	2008	AUC	T081	C0376690
28222139	2025	2034	detection	T033	C0442726
28222139	2038	2048	anti-PGL-I	T033	C0243095
28222139	2050	2060	anti-LID-1	T033	C0243095
28222139	2065	2078	anti-ND-O-LID	T033	C0243095
28222139	2079	2089	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28222139	2093	2102	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28222139	2111	2114	low	T080	C0205251
28222139	2115	2126	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28222139	2131	2142	specificity	T081	C0037791
28222139	2147	2149	RR	T047	C0343461
28222139	2150	2160	prediction	T078	C0681842
28222139	2173	2176	low	T080	C0205251
28222139	2177	2190	applicability	T080	C1706839
28222139	2194	2211	serological tests	T059	C0036743
28222139	2216	2218	RR	T047	C0343461
28222139	2219	2228	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28222139	2249	2259	anti-LID-1	T033	C0243095
28222139	2260	2268	serology	T059	C0036743
28222139	2272	2281	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28222139	2292	2308	prognostic value	T081	C0449821
28222139	2313	2316	ENL	T047	C0343467
28222139	2317	2328	development	T169	C1527148
28222139	2332	2334	BI	T081	C0392762
28222139	2335	2343	positive	T033	C1446409
28222139	2344	2352	patients	T101	C0030705
28222139	2354	2372	ClinicalTrials.gov	T170	C4086204

28222192|t|Blastocystis subtyping and its association with intestinal parasites in children from different geographical regions of Colombia
28222192|a|Blastocystis is a common enteric protist colonizing probably more than 1 billion people with a large variety of non-human hosts. Remarkable genetic diversity has been observed, leading to the subdivision of the genus into multiple subtypes (ST), some of which are exclusively found in non-human hosts. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Blastocystis STs / 18S alleles in symptomatic (abdominal pain, anal pruritus, diarrhea, headache, nauseas and/or vomit) and asymptomatic children from nine geographical regions of Colombia. A total of 2026 fecal samples were collected as part of a national survey to estimate the frequency of intestinal parasites in children. A set of 256 samples that were Blastocystis positive was finally selected. The samples were submitted to DNA extraction, Real Time PCR and sequencing using Blastocystis -specific primers targeting the small subunit rRNA gene for ST identification. DNA of Ascaris lumbricoides (16.4%), Trichuris trichiura (8.2%), hookworms (Necator americanus / Ancylostoma duodenale) (7.3%), Giardia duodenalis (23.1%), Entamoeba complex (82%), Entamoeba coli (55%), Hymenolepis nana (0.8%), Endolimax nana (33.2%) and Neobalantidium coli (2.7%) was detected in the Blastocystis - positive samples. We detected ST1 (21.4%), ST2 (19.5%), ST3 (55.5%), ST4 (0.8%), ST6 (2%) and ST7 (0.8%); alleles 1, 2, 4, 81, 82 and 83 for ST1; alleles 9, 11, 12, 15, 67, 71 and 73 for ST2; alleles 34, 36, 38, 45, 49, 55, 134 and 128 for ST3; allele 42 for ST4; allele 122 for ST6, and allele 142 for ST7. Further studies implementing high-resolution molecular markers are necessary to understand the dynamics of Blastocystis transmission and the role of this Stramenopila in health and disease.
28222192	0	22	Blastocystis subtyping	T204	C3106936
28222192	48	68	intestinal parasites	T047	C0021832
28222192	72	80	children	T100	C0008059
28222192	96	128	geographical regions of Colombia	T083	C3245499
28222192	129	141	Blastocystis	T204	C0005707
28222192	154	180	enteric protist colonizing	T033	C4289767
28222192	210	216	people	T098	C0027361
28222192	241	256	non-human hosts	T001	C1167395
28222192	269	286	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
28222192	321	345	subdivision of the genus	T185	C1708235
28222192	351	368	multiple subtypes	T185	C0449560
28222192	370	372	ST	T185	C0449560
28222192	414	429	non-human hosts	T001	C1167395
28222192	490	506	Blastocystis STs	T204	C3106936
28222192	509	520	18S alleles	T028	C0002085
28222192	524	535	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28222192	537	551	abdominal pain	T184	C0000737
28222192	553	566	anal pruritus	T184	C0033775
28222192	568	576	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
28222192	578	586	headache	T184	C0018681
28222192	588	595	nauseas	T184	C0027497
28222192	603	608	vomit	T184	C0042963
28222192	614	626	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28222192	627	635	children	T100	C0008059
28222192	646	678	geographical regions of Colombia	T083	C3245499
28222192	696	709	fecal samples	T058	C0455051
28222192	738	753	national survey	T062	C0681817
28222192	783	803	intestinal parasites	T047	C0021832
28222192	807	815	children	T100	C0008059
28222192	848	869	Blastocystis positive	T204	C0005707
28222192	922	936	DNA extraction	T063	C3839098
28222192	938	951	Real Time PCR	T063	C1709846
28222192	956	966	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28222192	973	985	Blastocystis	T047	C3687300
28222192	996	1003	primers	T114	C0206415
28222192	1018	1031	small subunit	T026	C1167012
28222192	1032	1041	rRNA gene	T028	C0035899
28222192	1046	1063	ST identification	T059	C1261145
28222192	1065	1068	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28222192	1072	1092	Ascaris lumbricoides	T204	C0003955
28222192	1102	1121	Trichuris trichiura	T204	C0040913
28222192	1130	1139	hookworms	T204	C1265425
28222192	1141	1159	Necator americanus	T204	C0002826
28222192	1162	1183	Ancylostoma duodenale	T204	C0162314
28222192	1193	1211	Giardia duodenalis	T204	C0017535
28222192	1221	1238	Entamoeba complex	T204	C1285568
28222192	1246	1260	Entamoeba coli	T204	C0320420
28222192	1268	1284	Hymenolepis nana	T204	C0322196
28222192	1293	1307	Endolimax nana	T204	C0320452
28222192	1320	1339	Neobalantidium coli	T204	C0004694
28222192	1367	1379	Blastocystis	T204	C0005707
28222192	1382	1398	positive samples	T033	C1514241
28222192	1412	1415	ST1	T204	C3106801
28222192	1425	1428	ST2	T204	C3106925
28222192	1438	1441	ST3	T204	C3106933
28222192	1451	1454	ST4	T204	C3961358
28222192	1463	1466	ST6	T204	C3106938
28222192	1476	1479	ST7	T204	C3106936
28222192	1488	1495	alleles	T028	C0002085
28222192	1523	1526	ST1	T204	C3106801
28222192	1528	1535	alleles	T028	C0002085
28222192	1569	1572	ST2	T204	C3106925
28222192	1574	1581	alleles	T028	C0002085
28222192	1622	1625	ST3	T204	C3106933
28222192	1627	1633	allele	T028	C0002085
28222192	1641	1644	ST4	T204	C3961358
28222192	1646	1652	allele	T028	C0002085
28222192	1661	1664	ST6	T204	C3106938
28222192	1670	1676	allele	T028	C0002085
28222192	1685	1688	ST7	T204	C3106936
28222192	1719	1734	high-resolution	T059	C1719039
28222192	1735	1752	molecular markers	T201	C0005516
28222192	1797	1809	Blastocystis	T204	C0005707
28222192	1810	1822	transmission	T070	C1521797
28222192	1844	1856	Stramenopila	T204	C1004618
28222192	1860	1878	health and disease	T070	C0679215

28222314|t|Systematic variation of the benzenesulfonamide part of the GluN2A selective NMDA receptor antagonist TCN-201
28222314|a|GluN2A subunit containing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are highly involved in various physiological processes in the central nervous system, but also in some diseases, such as anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. However, the role of GluN2A subunit containing NMDARs in pathological processes is not exactly elucidated. In order to obtain potent and selective inhibitors of GluN2A subunit containing NMDARs, the selective negative allosteric modulator 2 was systematically modified at the benzenesulfonamide part. The activity of the test compounds was recorded in two electrode voltage clamp experiments using Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing exclusively NMDARs with GluN1a and GluN2A subunits. It was found that halogen atoms in 3-position of the benzenesulfonamide part result in high GluN2A antagonistic activity. With an IC50 value of 204 nM the 3-bromo derivative 5i (N-{4-[(2-benzoylhydrazino)carbonyl]benzyl}-3-bromobenzenesulfonamide) has 2.5-fold higher antagonistic activity than the lead compound 2 and represents our new lead compound.
28222314	0	10	Systematic	T169	C0220922
28222314	11	20	variation	T080	C0205419
28222314	28	46	benzenesulfonamide	T109,T121	C0053169
28222314	59	89	GluN2A selective NMDA receptor	T116,T192	C1530202
28222314	90	100	antagonist	T120	C0003139
28222314	101	108	TCN-201	T109,T121	C3494094
28222314	109	123	GluN2A subunit	T116,T192	C1530202
28222314	135	165	N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors	T116,T192	C0080093
28222314	167	173	NMDARs	T116,T192	C0080093
28222314	186	194	involved	T169	C1314939
28222314	206	229	physiological processes	T039	C0031845
28222314	237	259	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
28222314	278	286	diseases	T047	C0012634
28222314	296	303	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28222314	305	315	depression	T048	C0011570
28222314	320	333	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28222314	356	370	GluN2A subunit	T116,T192	C1530202
28222314	382	388	NMDARs	T116,T192	C0080093
28222314	392	414	pathological processes	T046	C0030660
28222314	461	467	potent	T080	C0442821
28222314	482	492	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28222314	496	510	GluN2A subunit	T116,T192	C1530202
28222314	522	528	NMDARs	T116,T192	C0080093
28222314	544	575	negative allosteric modulator 2	T121	C1254351
28222314	580	594	systematically	T169	C0220922
28222314	595	603	modified	T169	C0392747
28222314	611	629	benzenesulfonamide	T109,T121	C0053169
28222314	640	648	activity	T052	C0441655
28222314	656	660	test	T169	C0039593
28222314	661	670	compounds	T103	C1706082
28222314	675	683	recorded	T058	C1301725
28222314	687	726	two electrode voltage clamp experiments	T062	C0242623
28222314	733	747	Xenopus laevis	T011	C0043343
28222314	748	755	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28222314	779	785	NMDARs	T116,T192	C0080093
28222314	791	797	GluN1a	T116,T192	C0080093
28222314	802	817	GluN2A subunits	T116,T192	C1530202
28222314	837	864	halogen atoms in 3-position	T104	C1254350
28222314	872	890	benzenesulfonamide	T109,T121	C0053169
28222314	896	902	result	T169	C1274040
28222314	911	917	GluN2A	T116,T192	C1530202
28222314	918	939	antagonistic activity	T033	C0243095
28222314	949	953	IC50	T081	C0600495
28222314	974	1066	3-bromo derivative 5i (N-{4-[(2-benzoylhydrazino)carbonyl]benzyl}-3-bromobenzenesulfonamide)	T121	C1254351
28222314	1087	1108	antagonistic activity	T033	C0243095
28222314	1118	1133	lead compound 2	T121	C1254351

28222462|t|Decreased Frequencies of Peripheral Blood CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+ in Patients with Graves' Disease and Graves' Orbitopathy: Enhancing Effect of Insulin Growth Factor-1 on Treg Cells
28222462|a|Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is characterized by orbital T cell infiltration. We evaluated the regulatory T (Treg) cell fractions induced with IGF-1 in Graves' disease (GD) with and without GO. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 13 patients with GD without eye manifestations; 10 patients with active GO; and 12 patients with nodular goiter (NG). All the patients from GD, GO, and NG were subclinical hyperthyroid. We analyzed the expression of Treg cell markers (CD4, CD25, CD127(-), Foxp3) on T cells and their ability to respond to IGF-1 stimulation. In patients with GD without GO, we found lowered percentages of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cells, as compared to nodular goiter 1.77 vs. 5.42% (p=0.0276). Similarly, significantly reduced frequencies of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-)Foxp3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-) cells were observed in GD patients as compared to nodular goiter patients with hyperthyreosis, (0.7 vs. 1.48%) (p=0.0071) and (14.5 vs. 37.2%) (p=0.0051), respectively. In GO with active GO, only the percentage of CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-) cells was found to be decreased versus nodular goiter (9.35 vs. 37.2) (p=0.0275). Stimulation of PBMC derived from GO patients with IGF-1 resulted in significant increase of frequency of both CD4(+) Foxp3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-) Foxp3 cells. Decreased frequencies of peripheral blood CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-)Foxp3(+) in patients with GD and GO could be an useful marker of autoimmune process and perhaps a possible target for future therapies. This is the first study demonstrating Treg - enhancing effects of IGF-1. Thus IGF-1 can be accounted for modulating Treg cell -related action in GO.
28222462	0	21	Decreased Frequencies	T080	C1561548
28222462	25	41	Peripheral Blood	T031	C0229664
28222462	42	63	CD4+CD25+CD127-Foxp3+	T025	C0039198
28222462	67	75	Patients	T101	C0030705
28222462	81	96	Graves' Disease	T047	C0018213
28222462	101	120	Graves' Orbitopathy	T047	C0339143
28222462	122	138	Enhancing Effect	T080	C1280500
28222462	142	165	Insulin Growth Factor-1	T116,T123	C0021665
28222462	169	179	Treg Cells	T025	C0039198
28222462	180	199	Graves' orbitopathy	T047	C0339143
28222462	201	203	GO	T047	C0339143
28222462	208	221	characterized	T052	C1880022
28222462	225	239	orbital T cell	T025	C0039194
28222462	240	252	infiltration	T046	C0332448
28222462	257	266	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28222462	271	295	regulatory T (Treg) cell	T025	C0039198
28222462	296	305	fractions	T081	C1264633
28222462	306	313	induced	T169	C0205263
28222462	319	324	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
28222462	328	343	Graves' disease	T047	C0018213
28222462	345	347	GD	T047	C0018213
28222462	366	368	GO	T047	C0339143
28222462	370	404	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
28222462	406	411	PBMCs	T025	C1321301
28222462	435	443	patients	T101	C0030705
28222462	449	451	GD	T047	C0018213
28222462	460	478	eye manifestations	T184	C0015411
28222462	483	491	patients	T101	C0030705
28222462	497	503	active	T169	C0205177
28222462	504	506	GO	T047	C0339143
28222462	515	523	patients	T101	C0030705
28222462	529	543	nodular goiter	T047	C0018023
28222462	545	547	NG	T047	C0018023
28222462	558	566	patients	T101	C0030705
28222462	572	574	GD	T047	C0018213
28222462	576	578	GO	T047	C0339143
28222462	584	586	NG	T047	C0018023
28222462	592	616	subclinical hyperthyroid	UnknownType	C0745142
28222462	621	629	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28222462	634	665	expression of Treg cell markers	T059	C0600223
28222462	667	670	CD4	T116,T129,T192	C0003323
28222462	672	676	CD25	T116,T129,T192	C0007507
28222462	678	686	CD127(-)	T116,T129,T192	C0083032
28222462	688	693	Foxp3	T116,T123	C4282118
28222462	698	705	T cells	T025	C0039194
28222462	727	737	respond to	T170	C1553423
28222462	738	743	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
28222462	744	755	stimulation	T070	C1948023
28222462	760	768	patients	T101	C0030705
28222462	774	776	GD	T047	C0018213
28222462	785	787	GO	T047	C0339143
28222462	798	817	lowered percentages	T081	C0439165
28222462	821	842	CD4(+) Foxp3(+) cells	T025	C0039198
28222462	859	873	nodular goiter	T047	C0018023
28222462	912	945	significantly reduced frequencies	T080	C1561548
28222462	949	978	CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-)Foxp3(+)	T025	C0039198
28222462	983	1010	CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-) cells	T025	C0039198
28222462	1016	1024	observed	T169	C1441672
28222462	1028	1030	GD	T047	C0018213
28222462	1031	1039	patients	T101	C0030705
28222462	1055	1069	nodular goiter	T047	C0018023
28222462	1070	1078	patients	T101	C0030705
28222462	1084	1098	hyperthyreosis	T047	C0020550
28222462	1177	1179	GO	T047	C0339143
28222462	1185	1191	active	T169	C0205177
28222462	1192	1194	GO	T047	C0339143
28222462	1205	1215	percentage	T081	C0439165
28222462	1219	1246	CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-) cells	T025	C0039198
28222462	1263	1272	decreased	T081	C0205216
28222462	1280	1294	nodular goiter	T047	C0018023
28222462	1323	1334	Stimulation	T070	C1948023
28222462	1338	1342	PBMC	T025	C1321301
28222462	1356	1358	GO	T047	C0339143
28222462	1359	1367	patients	T101	C0030705
28222462	1373	1378	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
28222462	1391	1424	significant increase of frequency	T080	C1561548
28222462	1433	1448	CD4(+) Foxp3(+)	T025	C0039198
28222462	1453	1486	CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-) Foxp3 cells	T025	C0039198
28222462	1488	1509	Decreased frequencies	T080	C1561548
28222462	1513	1529	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
28222462	1530	1559	CD4(+)CD25(+)CD127(-)Foxp3(+)	T025	C0039198
28222462	1563	1571	patients	T101	C0030705
28222462	1577	1579	GD	T047	C0018213
28222462	1584	1586	GO	T047	C0339143
28222462	1599	1612	useful marker	T201	C0005516
28222462	1616	1634	autoimmune process	T046	C0443146
28222462	1669	1685	future therapies	T169	C0039798
28222462	1705	1710	study	T062	C2603343
28222462	1725	1729	Treg	T025	C0039198
28222462	1732	1749	enhancing effects	T080	C1280500
28222462	1753	1758	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
28222462	1765	1770	IGF-1	T116,T123	C0021665
28222462	1792	1802	modulating	T082	C0443264
28222462	1803	1812	Treg cell	T025	C0039198
28222462	1822	1828	action	T052	C3266814
28222462	1832	1834	GO	T047	C0339143

28223077|t|Did municipal solid waste landfill have obvious influence on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD / Fs) in ambient air: A case study in East China
28223077|a|Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill was a main way to disposal of MSW and almost 95% of MSW was disposed by landfills in the world. In order to understand the influence of MSW landfill on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD / Fs) in surrounding atmosphere, 42 ambient air samples were collected and analyzed from surrounding sites, background site, upwind site and downwind site of a MSW landfill in East China. The results of present study were summarized as follows. (1) The total concentrations of PCDD / Fs (∑ PCDD / Fs) in ambient air from surrounding sites, background site, upwind site and downwind site were 2.215±1.004, 2.058±0.458, 2.617±1.092 and 1.822±0.566pgNm(-3), respectively. (2) The toxic equivalent concentrations (TEQ) of PCDD / Fs in ambient air from surrounding sites, background site, upwind site and downwind site were 0.103±0.017, 0.096±0.015, 0.120±0.024 and 0.108±0.014pg I-TEQNm(-3), respectively. (3) The congener profiles, ∑ PCDD / Fs and TEQ between background atmosphere and surrounding atmosphere of landfill did not show statistically significant difference. (4) The ∑ PCDD / Fs and TEQ in ambient air of downwind site were not higher than that of upwind site, suggesting that studied landfill did not have obvious influence on PCDD / Fs in ambient air from downwind site. (5) The 95th percentile carcinogenic risk (CR) of PCDD / Fs in ambient air from s urrounding sites, background site, upwind site and downwind site were 8.03×10(-9), 7.57×10(-9), 9.69×10(-9) and 8.15×10(-9), respectively, which were much lower than the threshold value of CR (10(-6)), suggesting that studied landfill did not influence the CR of PCDD / Fs in surrounding atmosphere and negligible cancer risk occurred. (6) The non-carcinogenic risk (non-CR) analysis indicated that landfill did not have influence on the non-CR of PCDD / Fs in surrounding atmosphere and no obvious non-carcinogenic effects developed.
28223077	4	25	municipal solid waste	T167	C1550151
28223077	26	34	landfill	T083	C0599634
28223077	48	57	influence	T077	C4054723
28223077	61	94	polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	99	128	polychlorinated dibenzofurans	T109	C4277574
28223077	130	134	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	137	139	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	144	155	ambient air	T167	C0001861
28223077	159	169	case study	T170	C0085973
28223077	173	183	East China	T083	C0008115
28223077	184	205	Municipal solid waste	T167	C1550151
28223077	207	210	MSW	T167	C1550151
28223077	212	220	landfill	T083	C0599634
28223077	239	247	disposal	T052	C1707797
28223077	251	254	MSW	T167	C1550151
28223077	273	276	MSW	T167	C1550151
28223077	281	289	disposed	T052	C1707797
28223077	293	302	landfills	T083	C0599634
28223077	310	315	world	T098	C2700280
28223077	344	353	influence	T077	C4054723
28223077	357	360	MSW	T167	C1550151
28223077	361	369	landfill	T083	C0599634
28223077	373	406	polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	411	440	polychlorinated dibenzofurans	T109	C4277574
28223077	442	446	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	449	451	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	456	478	surrounding atmosphere	T070	C0935443
28223077	483	494	ambient air	T167	C0001861
28223077	522	530	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28223077	536	553	surrounding sites	T082	C0205145
28223077	555	570	background site	T082	C0205145
28223077	572	583	upwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	588	601	downwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	607	610	MSW	T167	C1550151
28223077	611	619	landfill	T083	C0599634
28223077	623	633	East China	T083	C0008115
28223077	658	663	study	T062	C2603343
28223077	706	720	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28223077	724	728	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	731	733	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	737	741	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	744	746	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	751	762	ambient air	T167	C0001861
28223077	768	785	surrounding sites	T082	C0205145
28223077	787	802	background site	T082	C0205145
28223077	804	815	upwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	820	833	downwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	924	955	toxic equivalent concentrations	T081	C1446561
28223077	957	960	TEQ	T081	C1446561
28223077	965	969	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	972	974	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	978	989	ambient air	T167	C0001861
28223077	995	1012	surrounding sites	T082	C0205145
28223077	1014	1029	background site	T082	C0205145
28223077	1031	1042	upwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	1047	1060	downwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	1157	1174	congener profiles	T059	C1979963
28223077	1178	1182	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	1185	1187	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	1192	1195	TEQ	T081	C1446561
28223077	1204	1225	background atmosphere	T070	C0935443
28223077	1230	1252	surrounding atmosphere	T070	C0935443
28223077	1256	1264	landfill	T083	C0599634
28223077	1278	1303	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28223077	1326	1330	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	1333	1335	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	1340	1343	TEQ	T081	C1446561
28223077	1347	1358	ambient air	T167	C0001861
28223077	1362	1375	downwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	1405	1416	upwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	1442	1450	landfill	T083	C0599634
28223077	1472	1481	influence	T077	C4054723
28223077	1485	1489	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	1492	1494	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	1498	1509	ambient air	T167	C0001861
28223077	1515	1528	downwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	1543	1553	percentile	T081	C1264641
28223077	1554	1571	carcinogenic risk	T081	C0596244
28223077	1573	1575	CR	T081	C0596244
28223077	1580	1584	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	1587	1589	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	1593	1604	ambient air	T167	C0001861
28223077	1612	1628	urrounding sites	T082	C0205145
28223077	1630	1645	background site	T082	C0205145
28223077	1647	1658	upwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	1663	1676	downwind site	T082	C0205145
28223077	1762	1797	much lower than the threshold value	T080	C0443151
28223077	1801	1803	CR	T081	C0596244
28223077	1838	1846	landfill	T083	C0599634
28223077	1855	1864	influence	T077	C4054723
28223077	1869	1871	CR	T081	C0596244
28223077	1875	1879	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	1882	1884	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	1888	1910	surrounding atmosphere	T070	C0935443
28223077	1926	1937	cancer risk	T081	C0596244
28223077	1956	1977	non-carcinogenic risk	T033	C4036089
28223077	1979	1985	non-CR	T033	C4036089
28223077	1987	1995	analysis	T062	C0936012
28223077	2011	2019	landfill	T083	C0599634
28223077	2033	2042	influence	T077	C4054723
28223077	2050	2056	non-CR	T033	C4036089
28223077	2060	2064	PCDD	T109,T131	C4277576
28223077	2067	2069	Fs	T109	C4277574
28223077	2073	2095	surrounding atmosphere	T070	C0935443
28223077	2111	2135	non-carcinogenic effects	T080	C1301751

28223128|t|A screening assay for the identification of host cell requirements and antiviral targets for hepatitis D virus infection
28223128|a|Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a minimalistic satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV / HDV co-infection, i.e. " hepatitis D ", is the most severe form of viral hepatitis. No effective therapy for HDV infection is available partly due to the fact that HDV is a highly host - dependent virus devoid of any potentially drugable enzyme encoded in its small genome. In this study we present a semi-automated method to evaluate HDV infection and replication under the influence of different drugs. We utilized a Huh-7/hNTCP cell culture based system in a 96- well plate format, an automated microscope and image acquisition as well as analysis with the CellProfiler software to quantify the impact of these drugs on HDV infection. For validation, three groups of potential anti-HDV agents were evaluated: To target ribozyme activity of HDV RNA, we screened ribozyme inhibitors but only observed marked toxicity. Testing innate antiviral mediators showed that interferons alpha-2a and beta-1a had a specific inhibitory effect on HDV infection. Finally, we screened a library of 160 human kinase inhibitors covering all parts of the human kinome. Overall, only inhibitors targeting the tyrosine kinase-like group had significant average anti-HDV activity. Looking at individual substances, kenpaullone, a GSK-3β and Cdk inhibitor, had the highest selective index of 3.44. Thus, we provide a potentially useful tool to screen for substances with anti-HDV activity and novel insights into interactions between HDV replication and the human kinome.
28223128	2	11	screening	T059	C0373483
28223128	12	17	assay	T059	C1510438
28223128	26	40	identification	T080	C0205396
28223128	44	53	host cell	T026	C1819995
28223128	54	66	requirements	T169	C1514873
28223128	71	88	antiviral targets	T121	C0003451
28223128	93	120	hepatitis D virus infection	T047	C0011226
28223128	121	142	Hepatitis delta virus	T005	C0011220
28223128	144	147	HDV	T005	C0011220
28223128	154	182	minimalistic satellite virus	T005	C0036238
28223128	186	203	hepatitis B virus	T005	C0019169
28223128	205	208	HBV	T005	C0019169
28223128	217	220	HDV	T005	C0011220
28223128	221	233	co-infection	T047	C0275524
28223128	242	253	hepatitis D	T047	C0011226
28223128	269	275	severe	T080	C0205082
28223128	284	299	viral hepatitis	T047	C0042721
28223128	301	303	No	T169	C1518422
28223128	304	313	effective	T080	C1704419
28223128	314	321	therapy	T061	C0087111
28223128	326	339	HDV infection	T047	C0011226
28223128	381	384	HDV	T005	C0011220
28223128	390	396	highly	T080	C0205250
28223128	397	401	host	T001	C1167395
28223128	404	413	dependent	T080	C0851827
28223128	414	419	virus	T005	C0042776
28223128	434	445	potentially	T080	C3245505
28223128	446	461	drugable enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28223128	462	469	encoded	T052	C2700640
28223128	483	489	genome	T028	C0017428
28223128	499	504	study	T062	C2603343
28223128	518	539	semi-automated method	T170	C0025663
28223128	543	551	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28223128	552	565	HDV infection	T047	C0011226
28223128	570	581	replication	T043	C0042774
28223128	592	601	influence	T077	C4054723
28223128	615	620	drugs	T121	C1254351
28223128	636	660	Huh-7/hNTCP cell culture	T025	C0007600
28223128	667	673	system	T169	C0449913
28223128	683	700	well plate format	T082	C4283957
28223128	705	714	automated	T169	C0205554
28223128	715	725	microscope	T074	C0181839
28223128	730	747	image acquisition	T066	C1708464
28223128	759	767	analysis	T062	C0936012
28223128	777	798	CellProfiler software	T170	C0037589
28223128	802	810	quantify	T081	C1709793
28223128	815	821	impact	T080	C4049986
28223128	831	836	drugs	T121	C1254351
28223128	840	853	HDV infection	T047	C0011226
28223128	859	869	validation	T062	C1519941
28223128	877	883	groups	T078	C0441833
28223128	887	896	potential	T080	C3245505
28223128	897	912	anti-HDV agents	T121	C0003451
28223128	918	927	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28223128	932	938	target	T169	C1521840
28223128	939	947	ribozyme	T114,T116,T126	C0080125
28223128	948	956	activity	T044	C0243102
28223128	960	967	HDV RNA	T114,T123	C0486926
28223128	972	980	screened	T059	C0373483
28223128	981	989	ribozyme	T114,T116,T126	C0080125
28223128	990	1000	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28223128	1010	1018	observed	T169	C1441672
28223128	1019	1025	marked	T080	C1706089
28223128	1026	1034	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28223128	1036	1043	Testing	T169	C0039593
28223128	1044	1050	innate	T032	C0020969
28223128	1051	1060	antiviral	T040	C1155328
28223128	1061	1070	mediators	T129	C0301974
28223128	1083	1103	interferons alpha-2a	T116,T121,T129	C0021734
28223128	1108	1115	beta-1a	T116,T121,T129	C0254119
28223128	1122	1130	specific	T080	C0205369
28223128	1131	1141	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28223128	1142	1148	effect	T080	C1280500
28223128	1152	1165	HDV infection	T047	C0011226
28223128	1179	1187	screened	T059	C0373483
28223128	1190	1197	library	T073,T092	C0023621
28223128	1205	1210	human	T016	C0086418
28223128	1211	1228	kinase inhibitors	T116,T121	C3537035
28223128	1255	1260	human	T016	C0086418
28223128	1261	1267	kinome	T185	C3829378
28223128	1283	1293	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28223128	1294	1303	targeting	T169	C1521840
28223128	1308	1334	tyrosine kinase-like group	T116,T126	C0033640
28223128	1351	1358	average	T081	C1510992
28223128	1359	1376	anti-HDV activity	T040	C1155328
28223128	1400	1410	substances	T121	C1254351
28223128	1412	1423	kenpaullone	T109,T121	C0768461
28223128	1427	1433	GSK-3β	T116,T126	C0244988
28223128	1438	1451	Cdk inhibitor	T121	C1511576
28223128	1469	1484	selective index	T170	C0918012
28223128	1513	1524	potentially	T080	C3245505
28223128	1532	1536	tool	T170	C0025663
28223128	1540	1546	screen	T058	C0220908
28223128	1551	1561	substances	T121	C1254351
28223128	1567	1584	anti-HDV activity	T040	C1155328
28223128	1589	1594	novel	T080	C0205314
28223128	1595	1603	insights	T041	C0233820
28223128	1609	1621	interactions	T169	C1704675
28223128	1630	1633	HDV	T005	C0011220
28223128	1634	1645	replication	T043	C0042774
28223128	1654	1659	human	T016	C0086418
28223128	1660	1666	kinome	T185	C3829378

28224642|t|Methodological considerations for designing a community water fluoridation cessation study
28224642|a|High-quality, up-to-date research on community water fluoridation (CWF), and especially on the implications of CWF cessation for dental health, is limited. Although CWF cessation studies have been conducted, they are few in number; one of the major reasons is the methodological complexity of conducting such a study. This article draws on a systematic review of existing cessation studies (n=15) to explore methodological considerations of conducting CWF cessation studies in future. We review nine important methodological aspects (study design, comparison community, target population, time frame, sampling strategy, clinical indicators, assessment criteria, covariates and biomarkers) and provide recommendations for planning future CWF cessation studies that examine effects on dental caries. There is no one ideal study design to answer a research question. However, recommendations proposed regarding methodological aspects to conduct an epidemiological study to observe the effects of CWF cessation on dental caries, coupled with our identification of important methodological gaps, will be useful for researchers who are looking to optimize resources to conduct such a study with standards of rigour.
28224642	0	29	Methodological considerations	T080	C1879746
28224642	46	55	community	T096	C0009462
28224642	56	74	water fluoridation	T069	C0016323
28224642	75	84	cessation	T052	C1880019
28224642	85	90	study	T062	C2603343
28224642	91	103	High-quality	T062	C0814847
28224642	116	124	research	T062	C0242481
28224642	128	137	community	T096	C0009462
28224642	138	156	water fluoridation	T069	C0016323
28224642	158	161	CWF	T069	C0016323
28224642	202	205	CWF	T069	C0016323
28224642	206	215	cessation	T052	C1880019
28224642	220	233	dental health	T058	C0011365
28224642	256	259	CWF	T069	C0016323
28224642	260	269	cessation	T052	C1880019
28224642	270	277	studies	T062	C2603343
28224642	355	380	methodological complexity	T169	C0237523
28224642	402	407	study	T062	C2603343
28224642	433	450	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28224642	463	472	cessation	T052	C1880019
28224642	473	480	studies	T062	C2603343
28224642	499	528	methodological considerations	T080	C1879746
28224642	543	546	CWF	T069	C0016323
28224642	547	556	cessation	T052	C1880019
28224642	557	564	studies	T062	C2603343
28224642	568	574	future	T079	C0016884
28224642	601	623	methodological aspects	T080	C1879746
28224642	625	637	study design	T062	C0035171
28224642	639	659	comparison community	T096	C0009462
28224642	661	678	target population	T098	C0039309
28224642	680	690	time frame	T079	C0872291
28224642	692	709	sampling strategy	T170	C0449370
28224642	711	730	clinical indicators	T169	C1522602
28224642	732	751	assessment criteria	T170	C0935549
28224642	768	778	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28224642	792	807	recommendations	T078	C2936699
28224642	812	820	planning	T058	C0018727
28224642	821	827	future	T079	C0016884
28224642	828	831	CWF	T069	C0016323
28224642	832	841	cessation	T052	C1880019
28224642	842	849	studies	T062	C2603343
28224642	874	887	dental caries	T047	C0011334
28224642	911	923	study design	T062	C0035171
28224642	936	953	research question	T078	C0681799
28224642	964	979	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28224642	999	1021	methodological aspects	T080	C1879746
28224642	1036	1057	epidemiological study	T062	C0002783
28224642	1084	1087	CWF	T069	C0016323
28224642	1088	1097	cessation	T052	C1880019
28224642	1101	1114	dental caries	T047	C0011334
28224642	1201	1212	researchers	T097	C0035173
28224642	1232	1240	optimize	T052	C2698650
28224642	1241	1250	resources	T078	C0035201
28224642	1269	1274	study	T062	C2603343

28225881|t|Zinc and metalloproteinases 2 and 9: What is their relation with breast cancer?
28225881|a|Zinc is the catalytic component of proteins that regulate responses to DNA damage, intracellular signaling enzymes, and matrix metalloproteinases, which are important proteins in carcinogenesis. The objective of this review is to bring current information on the participation of zinc and matrix metalloproteinases types 2 and 9 in mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. We conducted a literature review, in consultation with the PubMed, Lilacs, and Scielo databases. The zinc and cysteine residues are structural elements shared by all members of the family of matrix metalloproteinases, and these proteins appear to be involved in the propagation of various types of neoplasms, including breast cancer. Moreover, transported zinc is likely to be used for the metalation of the catalytic domain of the newly synthesized metalloproteinases before the latter are secreted. Accordingly, increase in zinc concentrations in cellular compartments and the reduction of this trace element in the blood of patients with breast cancer appear to alter the activity of metalloproteinases 2 and 9, contributing to the occurrence of malignancy. Thus, it is necessary to carry out further studies with a view to clarify the role of zinc and metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
28225881	0	4	Zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28225881	9	29	metalloproteinases 2	T116,T126	C0172537
28225881	34	35	9	T116,T126	C0165519
28225881	51	59	relation	T080	C0439849
28225881	65	78	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28225881	80	84	Zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28225881	92	111	catalytic component	T077	C1705248
28225881	115	123	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28225881	129	137	regulate	T038	C1327622
28225881	151	161	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
28225881	163	194	intracellular signaling enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28225881	200	225	matrix metalloproteinases	T116,T126	C0623362
28225881	247	255	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28225881	259	273	carcinogenesis	T191	C0596263
28225881	297	303	review	T170	C0282443
28225881	316	335	current information	T170	C2598106
28225881	343	356	participation	T169	C0679823
28225881	360	364	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28225881	369	402	matrix metalloproteinases types 2	T116,T126	C0172537
28225881	407	408	9	T116,T126	C0165519
28225881	412	422	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28225881	439	451	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28225881	455	468	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28225881	485	502	literature review	T170	C0282441
28225881	529	535	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28225881	537	543	Lilacs	T170	C0242356
28225881	549	565	Scielo databases	T170	C0242356
28225881	571	575	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28225881	580	588	cysteine	T116,T123	C0010654
28225881	589	597	residues	T077	C1709915
28225881	602	621	structural elements	T082	C4277569
28225881	661	686	matrix metalloproteinases	T116,T126	C0623362
28225881	698	706	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28225881	736	747	propagation	T033	C1334939
28225881	768	777	neoplasms	T191	C0027651
28225881	789	802	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28225881	826	830	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28225881	860	870	metalation	T070	C1254365
28225881	878	894	catalytic domain	T087	C0600499
28225881	908	919	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28225881	920	938	metalloproteinases	T116,T126	C0623362
28225881	984	992	increase	T169	C0442805
28225881	996	1000	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28225881	1001	1015	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28225881	1019	1040	cellular compartments	T017	C2349967
28225881	1049	1058	reduction	T080	C0392756
28225881	1067	1080	trace element	T123,T196	C0040577
28225881	1088	1093	blood	T031	C0005767
28225881	1097	1105	patients	T101	C0030705
28225881	1111	1124	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28225881	1135	1140	alter	T169	C0392747
28225881	1145	1153	activity	T052	C0441655
28225881	1157	1177	metalloproteinases 2	T116,T126	C0172537
28225881	1182	1183	9	T116,T126	C0165519
28225881	1205	1215	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28225881	1219	1229	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28225881	1317	1321	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28225881	1326	1346	metalloproteinases 2	T116,T126	C0172537
28225881	1351	1352	9	T116,T126	C0165519
28225881	1360	1372	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28225881	1376	1389	breast cancer	T191	C0006142

28226026|t|Diabetes mellitus and sensorineural hearing loss: is there an association? Baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
28226026|a|Although several studies have investigated the effects of diabetes on hearing loss, the relationship between these two conditions remains unclear. Some studies have suggested that diabetes may cause sensorineural hearing loss, whereas others have failed to find an association. The biggest challenge in investigating the association between diabetes and hearing loss is the presence of confounding variables and the complexity of the auditory system. Our study investigated the association between diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss. We evaluated the influence of time from diabetes diagnosis on this association after controlling for age, gender, and hypertension diagnosis and excluding those subjects with exposure to noise. This cross-sectional study evaluated 901 adult and elderly Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) participants from São Paulo, Brazil who underwent audiometry testing as part of ELSA-Brasil's baseline assessment. Hearing thresholds and speech test results were significantly worse in the group with diabetes than in the group without diabetes. However, no significant differences were found between participants with and without diabetes after adjusting for age, gender, and the presence of hypertension. Hearing thresholds were not affected by occupational noise exposure in the group s with and without diabetes. In addition, no association between the duration of diabetes and hearing thresholds was observed after adjusting for age, gender, and hypertension. We found no association between the duration of diabetes and worse hearing thresholds after models were adjusted for age, gender, and the presence of hypertension.
28226026	0	17	Diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28226026	22	48	sensorineural hearing loss	T047	C0018784
28226026	62	73	association	T080	C0439849
28226026	91	135	Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health	T170	C0282574
28226026	137	148	ELSA-Brasil	T170	C0282574
28226026	167	174	studies	T062	C2603343
28226026	180	192	investigated	T169	C1292732
28226026	197	207	effects of	T080	C1704420
28226026	208	216	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	220	232	hearing loss	T033	C3887873
28226026	238	250	relationship	T080	C0439849
28226026	288	295	unclear	T033	C3845108
28226026	302	309	studies	T062	C2603343
28226026	330	338	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	349	375	sensorineural hearing loss	T047	C0018784
28226026	415	426	association	T080	C0439849
28226026	453	466	investigating	T169	C1292732
28226026	471	482	association	T080	C0439849
28226026	491	499	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	504	516	hearing loss	T033	C3887873
28226026	524	532	presence	T033	C0150312
28226026	536	557	confounding variables	T169	C0009673
28226026	566	576	complexity	T080	C0439855
28226026	584	599	auditory system	T022	C0587901
28226026	605	610	study	T062	C2603343
28226026	611	623	investigated	T169	C1292732
28226026	628	639	association	T080	C0439849
28226026	648	656	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	661	687	sensorineural hearing loss	T047	C0018784
28226026	692	701	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28226026	706	715	influence	T077	C4054723
28226026	719	723	time	T079	C0040223
28226026	729	737	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	738	747	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28226026	756	767	association	T080	C0439849
28226026	774	785	controlling	T169	C2587213
28226026	790	793	age	T032	C0001779
28226026	795	801	gender	T032	C0079399
28226026	807	819	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28226026	820	829	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28226026	864	881	exposure to noise	T037	C2904588
28226026	888	909	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28226026	910	919	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28226026	924	929	adult	T100	C0001675
28226026	934	986	elderly Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health	T170	C0282574
28226026	988	999	ELSA-Brasil	T170	C0282574
28226026	1001	1013	participants	T098	C0679646
28226026	1019	1036	São Paulo, Brazil	T083	C0006137
28226026	1051	1069	audiometry testing	T060	C0004286
28226026	1081	1094	ELSA-Brasil's	T170	C0282574
28226026	1095	1114	baseline assessment	T058	C0220825
28226026	1116	1134	Hearing thresholds	T042	C0234732
28226026	1139	1150	speech test	T060	C0037819
28226026	1164	1183	significantly worse	T033	C1457868
28226026	1191	1196	group	T078	C0441833
28226026	1202	1210	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	1223	1228	group	T078	C0441833
28226026	1237	1245	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	1256	1282	no significant differences	T033	C3842396
28226026	1302	1314	participants	T098	C0679646
28226026	1332	1340	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	1361	1364	age	T032	C0001779
28226026	1366	1372	gender	T032	C0079399
28226026	1394	1406	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28226026	1408	1426	Hearing thresholds	T042	C0234732
28226026	1436	1444	affected	T169	C0392760
28226026	1448	1475	occupational noise exposure	T033	C1260971
28226026	1483	1488	group	T078	C0441833
28226026	1508	1516	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	1534	1545	association	T080	C0439849
28226026	1558	1566	duration	T079	C0449238
28226026	1570	1578	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	1583	1601	hearing thresholds	T042	C0234732
28226026	1635	1638	age	T032	C0001779
28226026	1640	1646	gender	T032	C0079399
28226026	1652	1664	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28226026	1678	1689	association	T080	C0439849
28226026	1702	1710	duration	T079	C0449238
28226026	1714	1722	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28226026	1727	1732	worse	T033	C1457868
28226026	1733	1751	hearing thresholds	T042	C0234732
28226026	1758	1764	models	T170	C3161035
28226026	1783	1786	age	T032	C0001779
28226026	1788	1794	gender	T032	C0079399
28226026	1816	1828	hypertension	T047	C0020538

28226266|t|Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction of new psychoactive substances in plasma and whole blood
28226266|a|Parallel artificial liquid membrane extraction (PALME) was combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and the potential for screening of new psychoactive substances (NPS) was investigated for the first time. PALME was performed in 96- well format comprising a donor plate, a supported liquid membrane (SLM), and an acceptor plate. Uncharged NPS were extracted from plasma or whole blood, across an organic SLM, and into an aqueous acceptor solution, facilitated by a pH gradient. MDAI (5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane), methylone, PFA (para-fluoroamphetamine), mCPP (meta-chlorophenylpiperazine), pentedrone, methoxetamine, MDPV (methylenedioxypyrovalerone), ethylphenidate, 2C-E (2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine), bromo-dragonfly, and AH-7921 (3,4-dichloro-N-{[1-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]methyl}benzamide) were selected as representative NPS. Optimization of operational parameters was necessary as the NPS were novel to PALME, and because PALME was performed from whole blood for the very first time. In the PALME method developed for plasma, NPS were extracted from a 250μL alkalized donor solution consisting of 125μL plasma sample, 115μL 40mM NaOH, and 10μL internal standard. In the PALME method from whole blood, the 250μL alkalized donor solution consisted of 100μL whole blood, 50μL deionized water, 75μL 80mM NaOH, and 25μL internal standard. In both method s, extraction was accomplished across an SLM of 5μL dodecyl acetate with 1% trioctylamine (w/w), and further into an acidic acceptor solution of 50μL 20mM formic acid. The extraction was promoted by agitation at 900 rpm and was carried out for 120min. Method validation was performed and the following parameters were considered: linearity, limits of quantification (LOQ), intra - and inter - day precision, accuracy, extraction recoveries, carry - over, and matrix effects. The validation results were in accordance with FDA guidelines.
28226266	0	8	Parallel	T082	C1254362
28226266	9	35	artificial liquid membrane	T074	C0025256
28226266	36	46	extraction	T059	C0684295
28226266	54	77	psychoactive substances	T121,T131	C0682880
28226266	81	87	plasma	T031	C0032105
28226266	92	103	whole blood	T031	C0370231
28226266	104	112	Parallel	T082	C1254362
28226266	113	139	artificial liquid membrane	T074	C0025256
28226266	140	150	extraction	T059	C0684295
28226266	152	157	PALME	T059	C0684295
28226266	163	171	combined	T080	C0205195
28226266	177	239	ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry	T059	C4053724
28226266	241	249	UHPLC-MS	T059	C4053724
28226266	259	268	potential	T080	C3245505
28226266	273	282	screening	T058	C0220908
28226266	290	313	psychoactive substances	T121,T131	C0682880
28226266	315	318	NPS	T121,T131	C0682880
28226266	324	336	investigated	T169	C1292732
28226266	357	362	PALME	T059	C0684295
28226266	367	376	performed	T169	C0884358
28226266	384	388	well	T082	C4283957
28226266	396	406	comprising	T052	C2700400
28226266	409	414	donor	T201	C3263710
28226266	415	420	plate	T075	C1709027
28226266	424	449	supported liquid membrane	T074	C0025256
28226266	451	454	SLM	T074	C0025256
28226266	464	472	acceptor	T078	C1548601
28226266	473	478	plate	T075	C1709027
28226266	480	489	Uncharged	T080	C4287836
28226266	490	493	NPS	T121,T131	C0682880
28226266	499	508	extracted	T059	C0684295
28226266	514	520	plasma	T031	C0032105
28226266	524	535	whole blood	T031	C0370231
28226266	547	554	organic	T080	C0747055
28226266	555	558	SLM	T074	C0025256
28226266	572	579	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28226266	580	588	acceptor	T078	C1548601
28226266	589	597	solution	T167	C0037633
28226266	616	627	pH gradient	T081	C1138565
28226266	629	633	MDAI	T109	C0081183
28226266	635	667	5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane	T109	C0081183
28226266	670	679	methylone	T109	C0910385
28226266	681	684	PFA	T109,T121	C0048271
28226266	686	708	para-fluoroamphetamine	T109,T121	C0048271
28226266	711	715	mCPP	T109,T121	C0044170
28226266	717	744	meta-chlorophenylpiperazine	T109,T121	C0044170
28226266	747	757	pentedrone	T109,T121	C3492415
28226266	759	772	methoxetamine	T109,T121	C3253535
28226266	774	778	MDPV	T109,T121	C3532997
28226266	780	806	methylenedioxypyrovalerone	T109,T121	C3532997
28226266	809	823	ethylphenidate	T109	C0622071
28226266	825	829	2C-E	T121	C1254351
28226266	831	866	2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylphenethylamine	T121	C1254351
28226266	869	884	bromo-dragonfly	T109	C2715878
28226266	890	897	AH-7921	T109,T121	C0051008
28226266	899	960	3,4-dichloro-N-{[1-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]methyl}benzamide	T109,T121	C0051008
28226266	979	993	representative	T052	C1882932
28226266	994	997	NPS	T121,T131	C0682880
28226266	999	1011	Optimization	T052	C2698650
28226266	1015	1026	operational	T052	C3241922
28226266	1027	1037	parameters	T077	C0549193
28226266	1059	1062	NPS	T121,T131	C0682880
28226266	1077	1082	PALME	T059	C0684295
28226266	1096	1101	PALME	T059	C0684295
28226266	1106	1115	performed	T169	C0884358
28226266	1121	1132	whole blood	T031	C0370231
28226266	1165	1170	PALME	T059	C0684295
28226266	1171	1177	method	T170	C0025663
28226266	1178	1187	developed	T169	C1527148
28226266	1192	1198	plasma	T031	C0032105
28226266	1200	1203	NPS	T121,T131	C0682880
28226266	1209	1218	extracted	T059	C0684295
28226266	1232	1241	alkalized	T059	C1551382
28226266	1242	1247	donor	T201	C3263710
28226266	1248	1256	solution	T167	C0037633
28226266	1277	1283	plasma	T031	C0032105
28226266	1284	1290	sample	T167	C0370003
28226266	1303	1307	NaOH	T131,T197	C0037517
28226266	1318	1335	internal standard	T081	C0034925
28226266	1344	1349	PALME	T059	C0684295
28226266	1350	1356	method	T170	C0025663
28226266	1362	1373	whole blood	T031	C0370231
28226266	1385	1394	alkalized	T059	C1551382
28226266	1395	1400	donor	T201	C3263710
28226266	1401	1409	solution	T167	C0037633
28226266	1429	1440	whole blood	T031	C0370231
28226266	1447	1462	deionized water	T121	C3199728
28226266	1474	1478	NaOH	T131,T197	C0037517
28226266	1489	1506	internal standard	T081	C0034925
28226266	1516	1522	method	T170	C0025663
28226266	1526	1536	extraction	T059	C0684295
28226266	1564	1567	SLM	T074	C0025256
28226266	1575	1590	dodecyl acetate	T109,T130	C0623374
28226266	1599	1612	trioctylamine	T109,T121	C0076985
28226266	1640	1646	acidic	T103	C0001128
28226266	1647	1655	acceptor	T078	C1548601
28226266	1656	1664	solution	T167	C0037633
28226266	1678	1689	formic acid	T109,T121,T130	C0016576
28226266	1695	1705	extraction	T059	C0684295
28226266	1710	1718	promoted	T052	C0033414
28226266	1722	1731	agitation	T052	C1883171
28226266	1739	1742	rpm	T081	C0582523
28226266	1775	1781	Method	T170	C0025663
28226266	1782	1792	validation	T062	C1519941
28226266	1797	1806	performed	T169	C0884358
28226266	1815	1824	following	T079	C0332282
28226266	1825	1835	parameters	T077	C0549193
28226266	1841	1851	considered	T078	C0750591
28226266	1864	1888	limits of quantification	T081	C2718050
28226266	1890	1893	LOQ	T081	C2718050
28226266	1896	1901	intra	T079	C0347985
28226266	1908	1913	inter	T079	C1548610
28226266	1916	1929	day precision	T078	C1561539
28226266	1931	1939	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28226266	1941	1951	extraction	T059	C0684295
28226266	1952	1962	recoveries	T052	C0237820
28226266	1964	1969	carry	T052	C0206243
28226266	1972	1976	over	T082	C0205136
28226266	1982	1988	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
28226266	1989	1996	effects	T080	C1280500
28226266	2002	2020	validation results	T033	C0683954
28226266	2045	2048	FDA	T093	C0041714
28226266	2049	2059	guidelines	T170	C0162791

28228055|t|Increased Enoxaparin Dosing for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in General Trauma Patients
28228055|a|To review the evidence regarding increased enoxaparin dosing for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in the general trauma patient population. A search of MEDLINE databases (1946 to October 2016) was conducted using the search terms enoxaparin, thromboembolism prophylaxis, venous thromboembolism, trauma, anti-factor Xa, and weight -based dosing. Additional references were identified from a review of literature citations. Search results were limited to English-language studies conducted in humans. Trials that included only obese patients or nontrauma patients were excluded. A total of 7 trials (958 patients) explored the use of increased dosing of enoxaparin for VTE prophylaxis in trauma patients. Patients were divided by enoxaparin dosing strategies: standard dosing of 30 mg twice daily (BID; n = 509), higher initial dosing regimen (n = 216), or dosing based on anti-FXa level adjustments (n = 233). The majority of the 42 total VTE events (64.3%) occurred in the standard dosing regimen. Within each group, VTE was reported in 5.3% of patients in the standard dosing group, 3.2% in the higher initial dosing group, and 4% in the anti-FXa adjustment group. Initial subtherapeutic anti-FXa levels occurred in 33% to 92% of standard dose patients and 9% to 39% of higher initial dose patients. The average weight -based dose required to achieve a therapeutic level ranged between 0.43 and 0.54 mg/kg/ dose BID. The overall rate of bleeding was low, with 3 incidents (0.37%) reported. Standard - dose enoxaparin prophylaxis may not be optimal for the general trauma patient population. Weight -based enoxaparin dosing (0.5 mg/kg/ dose BID) is an option in trauma patients considered to be at a lower risk of bleeding complications.
28228055	0	9	Increased	T081	C0205217
28228055	10	20	Enoxaparin	T109,T121	C0206460
28228055	21	27	Dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	32	66	Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis	T061	C0199242
28228055	78	84	Trauma	T037	C3714660
28228055	85	93	Patients	T101	C0030705
28228055	97	103	review	T080	C1704362
28228055	108	116	evidence	T078	C3887511
28228055	127	136	increased	T081	C0205217
28228055	137	147	enoxaparin	T109,T121	C0206460
28228055	148	154	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	159	199	venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis	T061	C0199242
28228055	215	221	trauma	T037	C3714660
28228055	222	229	patient	T101	C0030705
28228055	230	240	population	T098	C1257890
28228055	244	250	search	T052	C1706202
28228055	254	271	MEDLINE databases	T170	C0025141
28228055	319	325	search	T052	C1706202
28228055	326	331	terms	T078	C1705313
28228055	332	342	enoxaparin	T109,T121	C0206460
28228055	344	371	thromboembolism prophylaxis	T061	C0199242
28228055	373	395	venous thromboembolism	T047	C1861172
28228055	397	403	trauma	T037	C3714660
28228055	405	419	anti-factor Xa	T116,T129	C0443793
28228055	425	431	weight	T081	C0043100
28228055	439	445	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	492	512	review of literature	T170	C0282441
28228055	513	522	citations	T170	C0552371
28228055	524	530	Search	T052	C1706202
28228055	531	538	results	T169	C1274040
28228055	555	571	English-language	T171	C0376245
28228055	572	579	studies	T062	C2603343
28228055	593	599	humans	T016	C0086418
28228055	601	607	Trials	T062	C0008976
28228055	627	632	obese	T047	C0028754
28228055	633	641	patients	T101	C0030705
28228055	645	663	nontrauma patients	T101	C0030705
28228055	669	677	excluded	T052	C2828389
28228055	692	698	trials	T062	C0008976
28228055	704	712	patients	T101	C0030705
28228055	734	743	increased	T081	C0205217
28228055	744	750	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	754	764	enoxaparin	T109,T121	C0206460
28228055	769	784	VTE prophylaxis	T061	C0199242
28228055	788	794	trauma	T037	C3714660
28228055	795	803	patients	T101	C0030705
28228055	805	813	Patients	T101	C0030705
28228055	830	840	enoxaparin	T109,T121	C0206460
28228055	841	847	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	860	868	standard	T080	C1442989
28228055	869	875	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	885	896	twice daily	T079	C0585361
28228055	898	901	BID	T079	C0585361
28228055	928	934	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	935	942	regimen	T061	C0040808
28228055	957	963	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	973	987	anti-FXa level	T034	C1318056
28228055	988	999	adjustments	T061	C2945673
28228055	1040	1043	VTE	T047	C1861172
28228055	1044	1050	events	T051	C0441471
28228055	1075	1083	standard	T080	C1442989
28228055	1084	1090	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	1091	1098	regimen	T061	C0040808
28228055	1112	1117	group	T101	C0030705
28228055	1119	1122	VTE	T047	C1861172
28228055	1147	1155	patients	T101	C0030705
28228055	1163	1171	standard	T080	C1442989
28228055	1172	1178	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	1179	1184	group	T101	C0030705
28228055	1213	1219	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	1220	1225	group	T101	C0030705
28228055	1241	1249	anti-FXa	T116,T129	C0443793
28228055	1250	1260	adjustment	T061	C2945673
28228055	1261	1266	group	T101	C0030705
28228055	1276	1290	subtherapeutic	T169	C0302350
28228055	1291	1306	anti-FXa levels	T034	C1318056
28228055	1333	1341	standard	T080	C1442989
28228055	1342	1346	dose	T081	C0178602
28228055	1347	1355	patients	T101	C0030705
28228055	1388	1392	dose	T081	C0178602
28228055	1393	1401	patients	T101	C0030705
28228055	1415	1421	weight	T081	C0043100
28228055	1429	1433	dose	T081	C0178602
28228055	1456	1473	therapeutic level	T034	C0580398
28228055	1510	1514	dose	T081	C0178602
28228055	1515	1518	BID	T079	C0585361
28228055	1532	1536	rate	T081	C1521828
28228055	1540	1548	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28228055	1553	1556	low	T080	C0205251
28228055	1593	1601	Standard	T080	C1442989
28228055	1604	1608	dose	T081	C0178602
28228055	1609	1619	enoxaparin	T109,T121	C0206460
28228055	1620	1631	prophylaxis	T061	C0199242
28228055	1667	1673	trauma	T037	C3714660
28228055	1674	1681	patient	T101	C0030705
28228055	1682	1692	population	T098	C1257890
28228055	1694	1700	Weight	T081	C0043100
28228055	1708	1718	enoxaparin	T109,T121	C0206460
28228055	1719	1725	dosing	T081	C0178602
28228055	1738	1742	dose	T081	C0178602
28228055	1743	1746	BID	T079	C0585361
28228055	1764	1770	trauma	T037	C3714660
28228055	1771	1779	patients	T101	C0030705
28228055	1802	1807	lower	T080	C0205251
28228055	1808	1812	risk	T078	C0035647
28228055	1816	1824	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28228055	1825	1838	complications	T046	C0009566

28228227|t|γ-Butenolide and furanone derivatives from the soil -derived fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum PSU-RSPG178
28228227|a|Chromatographic separation of the broth extract of the soil -derived fungus Aspergillus sclerotiorum PSU-RSPG178 resulted in isolation of four γ-butenolide-furanone dimers, aspersclerotiorones A-D, a furanone derivative, aspersclerotiorone E, and two γ-butenolide derivatives, aspersclerotiorones F and G, together with six known compounds, penicillic acid, dihydropenicillic acid, 5,6-dihydro-6-hydroxypenicillic acid, 6-methoxy-5,6-dihydropenicillic acid, coculnol and (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic evidence. For aspersclerotiorones A and B, the structures were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography. Penicillic acid displayed weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with equal MIC values of 128 μg/mL, and it was noncytotoxic towards African green monkey kidney fibroblast cells.
28228227	0	12	γ-Butenolide	T123	C0574031
28228227	17	37	furanone derivatives	T123	C0574031
28228227	47	51	soil	T167	C0037592
28228227	61	67	fungus	T004	C0016832
28228227	68	92	Aspergillus sclerotiorum	T004	C0446101
28228227	93	104	PSU-RSPG178	T004	C0446101
28228227	105	131	Chromatographic separation	T059	C0008550
28228227	139	144	broth	T130	C2919900
28228227	145	152	extract	T167	C2828366
28228227	160	164	soil	T167	C0037592
28228227	174	180	fungus	T004	C0016832
28228227	181	205	Aspergillus sclerotiorum	T004	C0446101
28228227	206	217	PSU-RSPG178	T004	C0446101
28228227	230	239	isolation	T169	C0205409
28228227	248	276	γ-butenolide-furanone dimers	T123	C0574031
28228227	278	301	aspersclerotiorones A-D	T123	C0574031
28228227	305	324	furanone derivative	T123	C0574031
28228227	326	346	aspersclerotiorone E	T123	C0574031
28228227	356	380	γ-butenolide derivatives	T123	C0574031
28228227	382	403	aspersclerotiorones F	T123	C0574031
28228227	408	409	G	T123	C0574031
28228227	446	461	penicillic acid	T109,T131,T195	C0030821
28228227	463	485	dihydropenicillic acid	T123	C0574031
28228227	487	523	5,6-dihydro-6-hydroxypenicillic acid	T123	C0574031
28228227	525	561	6-methoxy-5,6-dihydropenicillic acid	T123	C0574031
28228227	563	571	coculnol	T123	C0574031
28228227	576	635	(4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-5-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one	T123	C0574031
28228227	643	653	structures	T170	C0220807
28228227	673	695	spectroscopic evidence	T059	C0037812
28228227	701	722	aspersclerotiorones A	T123	C0574031
28228227	727	728	B	T123	C0574031
28228227	734	744	structures	T170	C0220807
28228227	763	811	single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography	T059	C0206755
28228227	844	866	antibacterial activity	T034	C1271650
28228227	875	896	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28228227	901	917	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28228227	929	939	MIC values	T034	C1304747
28228227	965	977	noncytotoxic	T080	C0205556
28228227	986	1006	African green monkey	T015	C0026438
28228227	1007	1013	kidney	T023	C0022646
28228227	1014	1030	fibroblast cells	T025	C0016030

28228242|t|Effect of vitamin D deficiency on the laryngo-pharyngeal tract
28228242|a|To investigate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on the laryngopharyngeal tract. Prospective cohort study. Tertiary care center. A total of 38 human subjects were prospectively recruited, equally divided into two groups. The Vitamin D deficiency group defined as 25-OH<25ng/dl and the control subjects with normal vitamin D level defined as 25-OH>25ng/dl. The presence and severity of vocal tract symptoms was assessed using the Vocal Tract Discomfort score. There was no significant difference in vocal tract discomfort score for frequency and severity between patients with Vitamin D deficiency and patients with no vitamin D deficiency (p value 0.272). However there was a significant difference in the mean frequency of burning, aching, soreness and lump sensation (p value<0.05) in patients with vitamin D deficiency compared to those with no vitamin D deficiency. There was also a significant difference in the means of vocal tract severity symptoms, namely for burning and aching between patients with vitamin D deficiency compared to patients with no vitamin D deficiency (p value<0.05). Subjects with vitamin D deficiency do not have a higher vocal tract discomfort score than subjects with no vitamin D deficiency. However the frequency and severity of certain vocal tract discomfort symptoms was higher and can be based hypothetically on the similarity in structure between the laryngopharyngeal complex and the musculoskeletal system.
28228242	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
28228242	10	30	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28228242	38	56	laryngo-pharyngeal	T023	C0023079
28228242	57	62	tract	T023	C1185740
28228242	66	77	investigate	T169	C1292732
28228242	82	88	effect	T080	C1280500
28228242	92	112	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28228242	120	137	laryngopharyngeal	T023	C0023079
28228242	145	169	Prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
28228242	171	191	Tertiary care center	T073,T093	C0587437
28228242	207	221	human subjects	T062	C0178693
28228242	277	283	groups	T078	C0441833
28228242	289	315	Vitamin D deficiency group	T098	C1257890
28228242	378	387	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28228242	424	432	presence	T033	C0150312
28228242	437	445	severity	T080	C0439793
28228242	449	454	vocal	T169	C0205382
28228242	455	460	tract	T023	C1185740
28228242	461	469	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28228242	474	482	assessed	T052	C1516048
28228242	493	521	Vocal Tract Discomfort score	T081	C0449820
28228242	536	558	significant difference	T081	C1705241
28228242	562	590	vocal tract discomfort score	T081	C0449820
28228242	595	604	frequency	T080	C1561548
28228242	609	617	severity	T080	C0439793
28228242	626	634	patients	T101	C0030705
28228242	640	660	Vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28228242	665	673	patients	T101	C0030705
28228242	679	681	no	T033	C0205160
28228242	682	702	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28228242	740	762	significant difference	T081	C1705241
28228242	788	795	burning	T184	C0085624
28228242	797	803	aching	T184	C0234238
28228242	805	813	soreness	T184	C0234233
28228242	818	832	lump sensation	T184	C0423600
28228242	851	859	patients	T101	C0030705
28228242	865	885	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28228242	909	911	no	T033	C0205160
28228242	912	932	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28228242	951	973	significant difference	T081	C1705241
28228242	990	995	vocal	T169	C0205382
28228242	996	1001	tract	T023	C1185740
28228242	1002	1010	severity	T080	C0439793
28228242	1011	1019	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28228242	1032	1039	burning	T184	C0085624
28228242	1044	1050	aching	T184	C0234238
28228242	1059	1067	patients	T101	C0030705
28228242	1073	1093	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28228242	1106	1114	patients	T101	C0030705
28228242	1120	1122	no	T033	C0205160
28228242	1123	1143	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28228242	1160	1168	Subjects	T062	C0178693
28228242	1174	1194	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28228242	1216	1244	vocal tract discomfort score	T081	C0449820
28228242	1250	1258	subjects	T062	C0178693
28228242	1264	1266	no	T033	C0205160
28228242	1267	1287	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28228242	1315	1323	severity	T080	C0439793
28228242	1335	1340	vocal	T169	C0205382
28228242	1341	1346	tract	T023	C1185740
28228242	1347	1366	discomfort symptoms	T184	C2364135
28228242	1453	1470	laryngopharyngeal	T023	C0023079
28228242	1487	1509	musculoskeletal system	T022	C0026860

28228265|t|E3 Ligase RNF126 Directly Ubiquitinates Frataxin, Promoting Its Degradation: Identification of a Potential Therapeutic Target for Friedreich Ataxia
28228265|a|Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is a severe genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by reduced expression of the mitochondrial protein frataxin. To date, there is no therapy to treat this condition. The amount of residual frataxin critically affects the severity of the disease; thus, attempts to restore physiological frataxin levels are considered therapeutically relevant. Frataxin levels are controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome system; therefore, inhibition of the frataxin E3 ligase may represent a strategy to achieve an increase in frataxin levels. Here, we report the identification of the RING E3 ligase RNF126 as the enzyme that specifically mediates frataxin ubiquitination and targets it for degradation. RNF126 interacts with frataxin and promotes its ubiquitination in a catalytic activity - dependent manner, both in vivo and in vitro. Most importantly, RNF126 depletion results in frataxin accumulation in cells derived from FRDA patients, highlighting the relevance of RNF126 as a new therapeutic target for Friedreich ataxia.
28228265	0	9	E3 Ligase	T116,T126	C0077678
28228265	10	16	RNF126	T116,T126	C3657865
28228265	26	39	Ubiquitinates	T044	C1519751
28228265	40	48	Frataxin	T116,T123	C0387678
28228265	50	59	Promoting	T052	C0033414
28228265	64	75	Degradation	T169	C0243125
28228265	77	91	Identification	T080	C0205396
28228265	107	118	Therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28228265	119	125	Target	T169	C1521840
28228265	130	147	Friedreich Ataxia	T047	C0016719
28228265	148	165	Friedreich ataxia	T047	C0016719
28228265	167	171	FRDA	T047	C0016719
28228265	185	192	genetic	T169	C0314603
28228265	193	218	neurodegenerative disease	T047	C0524851
28228265	237	247	expression	T045	C1171362
28228265	255	276	mitochondrial protein	T116,T123	C0949610
28228265	277	285	frataxin	T116,T123	C0387678
28228265	308	315	therapy	T169	C0039798
28228265	319	324	treat	T061	C0087111
28228265	330	339	condition	T080	C0348080
28228265	355	363	residual	T080	C1609982
28228265	364	372	frataxin	T116,T123	C0387678
28228265	396	404	severity	T080	C0439793
28228265	412	419	disease	T047	C0012634
28228265	447	460	physiological	T169	C0205463
28228265	461	469	frataxin	T116,T123	C0387678
28228265	470	476	levels	T080	C0441889
28228265	492	507	therapeutically	T169	C0302350
28228265	508	516	relevant	T080	C2347946
28228265	518	526	Frataxin	T116,T123	C0387678
28228265	527	533	levels	T080	C0441889
28228265	538	551	controlled by	T169	C0332298
28228265	556	583	ubiquitin-proteasome system	T044	C1523807
28228265	596	606	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28228265	614	622	frataxin	T116,T123	C0387678
28228265	623	632	E3 ligase	T116,T126	C0077678
28228265	649	657	strategy	T062	C0035171
28228265	684	692	frataxin	T116,T123	C0387678
28228265	693	699	levels	T080	C0441889
28228265	721	735	identification	T080	C0205396
28228265	743	757	RING E3 ligase	T116,T126	C0077678
28228265	758	764	RNF126	T116,T126	C3657865
28228265	772	778	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28228265	806	814	frataxin	T116,T123	C0387678
28228265	815	829	ubiquitination	T044	C1519751
28228265	849	860	degradation	T169	C0243125
28228265	862	868	RNF126	T116,T126	C3657865
28228265	869	878	interacts	T169	C1704675
28228265	884	892	frataxin	T116,T123	C0387678
28228265	897	905	promotes	T052	C0033414
28228265	910	924	ubiquitination	T044	C1519751
28228265	930	948	catalytic activity	T169	C1264638
28228265	951	960	dependent	T080	C0851827
28228265	974	981	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28228265	986	994	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28228265	1014	1020	RNF126	T116,T126	C3657865
28228265	1021	1030	depletion	T169	C0333668
28228265	1042	1050	frataxin	T116,T123	C0387678
28228265	1051	1063	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28228265	1067	1072	cells	T025	C0007634
28228265	1086	1090	FRDA	T047	C0016719
28228265	1091	1099	patients	T101	C0030705
28228265	1118	1127	relevance	T080	C2347946
28228265	1131	1137	RNF126	T116,T126	C3657865
28228265	1147	1158	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28228265	1159	1165	target	T169	C1521840
28228265	1170	1187	Friedreich ataxia	T047	C0016719

28228370|t|Enhancing Doctors' Competencies in Communication With and Activation of Older Patients: The Promoting Active Aging (PRACTA) Computer-Based Intervention Study
28228370|a|Demographic changes over the past decades call for the promotion of health and disease prevention for older patients, as well as strategies to enhance their independence, productivity, and quality of life. Our objective was to examine the effects of a computer-based educational intervention designed for general practitioners (GPs) to promote active aging. The Promoting Active Aging (PRACTA) study consisted of a baseline questionnaire, implementation of an intervention, and a follow-up questionnaire that was administered 1 month after the intervention. A total of 151 primary care facilities (response rate 151/767, 19.7%) and 503 GPs (response rate 503/996, 50.5%) agreed to participate in the baseline assessment. At the follow-up, 393 GPs filled in the questionnaires (response rate, 393/503, 78.1%), but not all of them took part in the intervention. The final study group of 225 GPs participated in 3 study conditions: e-learning (knowledge plus skills modelling, n=42), a pdf article (knowledge only, n=89), and control (no intervention, n=94). We measured the outcome as scores on the Patients Expectations Scale, Communication Scale, Attitude Toward Treatment and Health Scale, and Self-Efficacy Scale. GPs participating in e-learning demonstrated a significant rise in their perception of older patients ' expectations for disease explanation (Wald χ(2)=19.7, P<.001) and in perception of motivational aspect of older patients ' attitude toward treatment and health (Wald χ(2)=8.9, P=.03) in comparison with both the control and pdf article groups. We observed additional between- group differences at the level of statistical trend. GPs participating in the pdf article intervention demonstrated a decline in self-assessed communication, both at the level of global scoring (Wald χ(2)=34.5, P<.001) and at the level of 20 of 26 specific behaviors (all P<.05). Factors moderating the effects of the intervention were the number of patients per GP and the facility's organizational structure. Both methods were suitable, but in different areas and under different conditions. The key benefit of the pdf article intervention was raising doctors ' reflection on limitations in their communication skills, whereas e-learning was more effective in changing their perception of older patients ' proactive attitude, especially among GPs working in privately owned facilities and having a greater number of assigned patients. Although we did not achieve all expected effects of the PRACTA intervention, both its forms seem promising in terms of enhancing the competencies of doctors in communication with and activation of older patients.
28228370	10	18	Doctors'	T097	C0031831
28228370	19	31	Competencies	T080	C0008956
28228370	35	48	Communication	T054	C0009452
28228370	58	68	Activation	T052	C1879547
28228370	72	77	Older	T098	C1999167
28228370	78	86	Patients	T101	C0030705
28228370	92	101	Promoting	T052	C0033414
28228370	102	108	Active	T169	C0205177
28228370	109	114	Aging	T040	C0001811
28228370	116	122	PRACTA	T058	C3898714
28228370	124	157	Computer-Based Intervention Study	T058	C3898714
28228370	158	169	Demographic	T090	C0011298
28228370	170	177	changes	T169	C0392747
28228370	192	199	decades	T081	C2981279
28228370	213	255	promotion of health and disease prevention	UnknownType	C0677273
28228370	260	265	older	T098	C1999167
28228370	266	274	patients	T101	C0030705
28228370	315	327	independence	T078	C0085862
28228370	329	341	productivity	T081	C0033269
28228370	347	362	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28228370	410	449	computer-based educational intervention	T061	C0281163
28228370	463	484	general practitioners	T097	C0017319
28228370	486	489	GPs	T097	C0017319
28228370	502	508	active	T169	C0205177
28228370	509	514	aging	T040	C0001811
28228370	520	529	Promoting	T052	C0033414
28228370	537	542	Aging	T040	C0001811
28228370	544	550	PRACTA	T058	C3898714
28228370	573	595	baseline questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28228370	597	611	implementation	T052	C1708476
28228370	618	630	intervention	T061	C0184661
28228370	638	661	follow-up questionnaire	T170	C4054939
28228370	671	683	administered	T169	C1621583
28228370	702	714	intervention	T058	C3898714
28228370	731	754	primary care facilities	T073,T093	C1552443
28228370	756	769	response rate	T079	C0237629
28228370	794	797	GPs	T097	C0017319
28228370	799	812	response rate	T079	C0237629
28228370	839	850	participate	T169	C0679823
28228370	858	877	baseline assessment	T062	C0282121
28228370	886	895	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28228370	901	904	GPs	T097	C0017319
28228370	919	933	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28228370	935	948	response rate	T079	C0237629
28228370	1004	1016	intervention	T061	C0184661
28228370	1028	1039	study group	UnknownType	C0681860
28228370	1047	1050	GPs	T097	C0017319
28228370	1087	1097	e-learning	T065,T066	C0009597
28228370	1099	1108	knowledge	T041	C0162340
28228370	1114	1120	skills	T055	C0678856
28228370	1121	1130	modelling	T170	C3161035
28228370	1141	1152	pdf article	T170	C1706852
28228370	1154	1163	knowledge	T041	C0162340
28228370	1181	1188	control	T096	C0009932
28228370	1190	1192	no	T080	C0332288
28228370	1193	1205	intervention	T058	C3898714
28228370	1241	1247	scores	T081	C0449820
28228370	1255	1263	Patients	T101	C0030705
28228370	1264	1282	Expectations Scale	T170	C0282574
28228370	1284	1303	Communication Scale	T170	C0282574
28228370	1305	1347	Attitude Toward Treatment and Health Scale	T170	C0282574
28228370	1353	1372	Self-Efficacy Scale	T170	C0282574
28228370	1374	1377	GPs	T097	C0017319
28228370	1395	1405	e-learning	T065,T066	C0009597
28228370	1421	1432	significant	T078	C0750502
28228370	1447	1457	perception	T041	C0030971
28228370	1461	1466	older	T098	C1999167
28228370	1467	1475	patients	T101	C0030705
28228370	1478	1490	expectations	T078	C0679138
28228370	1495	1514	disease explanation	T170	C0681841
28228370	1547	1557	perception	T041	C0030971
28228370	1561	1573	motivational	T041	C0026605
28228370	1584	1589	older	T098	C1999167
28228370	1590	1598	patients	T101	C0030705
28228370	1617	1626	treatment	T169	C0039798
28228370	1631	1637	health	T078	C0018684
28228370	1689	1696	control	T096	C0009932
28228370	1701	1719	pdf article groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28228370	1753	1758	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28228370	1778	1783	level	T080	C0441889
28228370	1787	1798	statistical	T090	C0038215
28228370	1806	1809	GPs	T097	C0017319
28228370	1831	1842	pdf article	T170	C1706852
28228370	1843	1855	intervention	T061	C0184661
28228370	1896	1909	communication	T054	C0009452
28228370	1923	1928	level	T080	C0441889
28228370	1932	1946	global scoring	T081	C0449820
28228370	1983	1988	level	T080	C0441889
28228370	2001	2019	specific behaviors	UnknownType	C0679160
28228370	2056	2066	effects of	T080	C1704420
28228370	2071	2083	intervention	T061	C0184661
28228370	2103	2111	patients	T101	C0030705
28228370	2116	2118	GP	T097	C0017319
28228370	2138	2162	organizational structure	T170	C0687114
28228370	2209	2214	areas	T082	C0205146
28228370	2235	2245	conditions	T080	C0348080
28228370	2270	2281	pdf article	T170	C1706852
28228370	2282	2294	intervention	T061	C0184661
28228370	2307	2314	doctors	T097	C0031831
28228370	2331	2342	limitations	T169	C0449295
28228370	2352	2372	communication skills	T032	C0870313
28228370	2382	2392	e-learning	T065,T066	C0009597
28228370	2402	2411	effective	T080	C1704419
28228370	2444	2449	older	T098	C1999167
28228370	2450	2458	patients	T101	C0030705
28228370	2498	2501	GPs	T097	C0017319
28228370	2513	2539	privately owned facilities	T073,T093	C0033173
28228370	2571	2579	assigned	T169	C1516050
28228370	2580	2588	patients	T101	C0030705
28228370	2631	2641	effects of	T080	C1704420
28228370	2646	2665	PRACTA intervention	T058	C3898714
28228370	2723	2735	competencies	T080	C0008956
28228370	2739	2746	doctors	T097	C0031831
28228370	2750	2763	communication	T054	C0009452
28228370	2787	2792	older	T098	C1999167
28228370	2793	2801	patients	T101	C0030705

28228765|t|Field Performance of Transgenic Sugarcane Lines Resistant to Sugarcane Mosaic Virus
28228765|a|Sugarcane mosaic disease is mainly caused by the sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), which can significantly reduce stalk yield and sucrose content of sugarcane in the field. Coat protein mediated protection (CPMP) is an effective strategy to improve virus resistance. A 2-year field study was conducted to compare five independent transgenic sugarcane lines carrying the SCMV-CP gene (i.e., B2, B36, B38, B48, and B51) with the wild-type parental clone Badila (WT). Agronomic performance, resistance to SCMV infection, and transgene stability were evaluated and compared with the wild-type parental clone Badila (WT) at four experimental locations in China across two successive seasons, i.e., plant cane (PC) and 1st ratoon cane (1R). All transgenic lines derived from Badila had significantly greater tons of cane per hectare (TCH) and tons of sucrose per hectare (TSH) as well as lower SCMV disease incidence than those from Badila in the PC and 1R crops. The transgenic line B48 was highly resistant to SCMV with less than 3% incidence of infection. The recovery phenotype of transgenic line B36 was infected soon after virus inoculation, but the subsequent leaves showed no symptoms of infection. Most control plants developed symptoms that persisted and spread throughout the plant with more than 50% incidence. B48 recorded an average of 102.72 t/ha, which was 67.2% more than that for Badila. The expression of the transgene was stable over many generations with vegetative propagation. These results show that SCMV - resistant transgenic lines derived from Badila can provide resistant germplasm for sugarcane breeding and can also be used to study virus resistance mechanisms. This is the first report on the development and field performance of transgenic sugarcane plants that are resistant to SCMV infection in China.
28228765	0	17	Field Performance	T052	C1882330
28228765	21	47	Transgenic Sugarcane Lines	T002	C0085245
28228765	48	57	Resistant	T169	C0332325
28228765	61	83	Sugarcane Mosaic Virus	T005	C1000321
28228765	84	108	Sugarcane mosaic disease	T047	C0032080
28228765	133	155	sugarcane mosaic virus	T005	C1000321
28228765	157	161	SCMV	T005	C1000321
28228765	195	206	stalk yield	T081	C0392762
28228765	211	218	sucrose	T109,T121,T123	C0038636
28228765	219	226	content	T081	C1265611
28228765	230	239	sugarcane	T002	C0997177
28228765	254	266	Coat protein	T116,T123	C1136102
28228765	276	286	protection	T033	C1545588
28228765	288	292	CPMP	T033	C1545588
28228765	330	346	virus resistance	T038	C0520989
28228765	357	368	field study	T062	C0596572
28228765	386	393	compare	T052	C1707455
28228765	399	410	independent	T078	C0085862
28228765	411	437	transgenic sugarcane lines	T002	C0085245
28228765	451	463	SCMV-CP gene	T028	C0017337
28228765	471	473	B2	T002	C0085245
28228765	475	478	B36	T002	C0085245
28228765	480	483	B38	T002	C0085245
28228765	485	488	B48	T002	C0085245
28228765	494	497	B51	T002	C0085245
28228765	508	517	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28228765	518	532	parental clone	T024	C1522642
28228765	533	539	Badila	T002	C0997177
28228765	541	543	WT	T028	C1883559
28228765	569	579	resistance	T038	C0520988
28228765	583	587	SCMV	T005	C1000321
28228765	588	597	infection	T047	C0042769
28228765	603	612	transgene	T028	C0282641
28228765	613	622	stability	T080	C0205360
28228765	642	650	compared	T052	C1707455
28228765	660	669	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28228765	670	684	parental clone	T024	C1522642
28228765	685	691	Badila	T002	C0997177
28228765	693	695	WT	T028	C1883559
28228765	705	727	experimental locations	T082	C0450429
28228765	731	736	China	T083	C0008115
28228765	759	766	seasons	T079	C0036497
28228765	774	784	plant cane	T002	C2700631
28228765	786	788	PC	T002	C2700631
28228765	798	809	ratoon cane	T002	C2700631
28228765	820	836	transgenic lines	T002	C0085245
28228765	850	856	Badila	T002	C0997177
28228765	891	907	cane per hectare	T081	C0392762
28228765	909	912	TCH	T081	C0392762
28228765	926	945	sucrose per hectare	T081	C0392762
28228765	947	950	TSH	T081	C0392762
28228765	963	968	lower	T080	C0205251
28228765	969	973	SCMV	T005	C1000321
28228765	974	981	disease	T047	C0042769
28228765	982	991	incidence	T081	C0021149
28228765	1008	1014	Badila	T002	C0997177
28228765	1022	1024	PC	T002	C2700631
28228765	1029	1037	1R crops	T002	C0242775
28228765	1043	1062	transgenic line B48	T002	C0085245
28228765	1074	1083	resistant	T169	C0332325
28228765	1087	1091	SCMV	T005	C1000321
28228765	1110	1119	incidence	T081	C0021149
28228765	1123	1132	infection	T047	C0042769
28228765	1147	1156	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28228765	1160	1179	transgenic line B36	T002	C0085245
28228765	1184	1192	infected	T033	C0439663
28228765	1204	1221	virus inoculation	T034	C0427957
28228765	1242	1248	leaves	T002	C0242724
28228765	1256	1267	no symptoms	T033	C1513916
28228765	1271	1280	infection	T047	C0042769
28228765	1287	1301	control plants	T096	C0009932
28228765	1312	1320	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28228765	1362	1367	plant	T002	C0997177
28228765	1387	1396	incidence	T081	C0021149
28228765	1398	1401	B48	T002	C0085245
28228765	1473	1479	Badila	T002	C0997177
28228765	1485	1495	expression	T045	C0017262
28228765	1503	1512	transgene	T028	C0282641
28228765	1517	1523	stable	T080	C0205360
28228765	1534	1545	generations	T079	C0079411
28228765	1551	1573	vegetative propagation	T040	C0035152
28228765	1581	1588	results	T169	C1274040
28228765	1599	1603	SCMV	T005	C1000321
28228765	1606	1615	resistant	T169	C0332325
28228765	1616	1632	transgenic lines	T002	C0085245
28228765	1646	1652	Badila	T002	C0997177
28228765	1665	1674	resistant	T169	C0332325
28228765	1675	1684	germplasm	T002	C0032098
28228765	1689	1698	sugarcane	T002	C0997177
28228765	1699	1707	breeding	T040	C4042898
28228765	1732	1737	study	T062	C2603343
28228765	1738	1754	virus resistance	T038	C0520989
28228765	1755	1765	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28228765	1799	1810	development	T039	C0243107
28228765	1815	1832	field performance	T052	C1882330
28228765	1836	1863	transgenic sugarcane plants	T002	C0085245
28228765	1873	1882	resistant	T169	C0332325
28228765	1886	1890	SCMV	T005	C1000321
28228765	1891	1900	infection	T047	C0042769
28228765	1904	1909	China	T083	C0008115

28229061|t|Central Myxoma / Myxofibroma of the Jaws: A Clinico - Epidemiologic Review
28229061|a|Myxomas are a group of benign rare tumors of connective-tissue origin that occur in both hard (central) and soft tissues of the body. The aim of this study is to highlight our experience in the management of central myxoma of the jaw, with emphasis on its clinic - epidemiologic features as seen in our environment. All patients who were managed for central myxoma of the jaw at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department of a regional University Teaching Hospital between September 1997 and October 2015 were retrospectively studied. Details sourced included age, sex, site of tumor, duration, signs/symptoms, treatment given, and complications. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 (SPSS Inc ., Chicago, IL, USA) and Microsoft Excel 2007 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA). Results from descriptive statistics were represented in the form of tables and charts, with a test for significance (ρ) using Pearson Chi-square (χ(2)) set at 0.05. A total of 16 patients were managed within the period reviewed, consisting of 10 (62.5%) females and six (37.5%) males, giving a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.7. The ages of patients ranged from 5 to 70 years, with a mean of 27.06±15.45 years. The mandible accounted for nine (56.3%) cases and the maxilla for six (37.5%) cases, while a combination of the maxilla and the zygoma were involved in one (6.3%) case. Bucco-lingual or bucco-palatal expansion were the most common presentation (six [46.2%] cases each). Histological assessment of tissue specimens showed that fibromyxoma accounted for seven (43.8%) cases, while the remaining nine (56.3%) cases were diagnosed as myxoma. All patients had jaw resections, and these consisted of mandibulectomies in nine (60.0%) patients and maxillectomies in six (40.0%) patients. The duration of hospital stay ranged from 5 to 29 days, with a mean of 17.86±7.68 days. Complications were noted in three patients, and all were surgical wound infections. Most patients in our environment present late with large tumors and are usually not compliant with follow-up review. Thus, a radical approach is favored in most patients.
28229061	0	14	Central Myxoma	T191	C0027149
28229061	17	28	Myxofibroma	T191	C0205766
28229061	36	40	Jaws	T023	C0022359
28229061	44	51	Clinico	T073,T093	C0442592
28229061	54	67	Epidemiologic	T169	C0014508
28229061	68	74	Review	T170	C0282443
28229061	75	82	Myxomas	T191	C0027149
28229061	98	104	benign	T080	C0205183
28229061	105	116	rare tumors	T047	C4054123
28229061	120	137	connective-tissue	T024	C0009780
28229061	138	144	origin	T079	C0439659
28229061	164	178	hard (central)	T024	C0040300
28229061	183	195	soft tissues	T024	C0225317
28229061	203	207	body	T016	C0242821
28229061	213	216	aim	T078	C1947946
28229061	225	230	study	T062	C0008972
28229061	283	308	central myxoma of the jaw	T191	C1404550
28229061	331	337	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28229061	340	353	epidemiologic	T169	C0014508
28229061	378	389	environment	T082	C0014406
28229061	395	403	patients	T101	C0030705
28229061	425	450	central myxoma of the jaw	T191	C1404550
28229061	458	499	Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department	T092	C1704729
28229061	505	542	regional University Teaching Hospital	T073,T093	C0020027
28229061	588	611	retrospectively studied	T062	C0035363
28229061	638	641	age	T032	C0001779
28229061	643	646	sex	T032	C1522384
28229061	648	661	site of tumor	T082	C0475445
28229061	663	671	duration	T079	C0449238
28229061	673	687	signs/symptoms	T033	C3540840
28229061	689	704	treatment given	T033	C0580351
28229061	710	723	complications	T046	C0009566
28229061	725	729	Data	T078	C1511726
28229061	735	743	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28229061	750	807	Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16	T073,T170	C0037585
28229061	809	817	SPSS Inc	T073,T092	C0683757
28229061	821	828	Chicago	T083	C0008044
28229061	830	832	IL	T083	C0020898
28229061	834	837	USA	T083	C0041703
28229061	843	863	Microsoft Excel 2007	T073,T170	C0037585
28229061	865	874	Microsoft	T073,T092	C0683757
28229061	876	883	Redmond	T083	C0008848
28229061	885	887	WA	T083	C0043038
28229061	889	892	USA	T083	C0041703
28229061	895	902	Results	T169	C1274040
28229061	908	930	descriptive statistics	T081	C2828391
28229061	963	969	tables	T170	C1706074
28229061	974	980	charts	T170	C0684240
28229061	989	1010	test for significance	T170	C0392366
28229061	1021	1039	Pearson Chi-square	T170	C0008041
28229061	1074	1082	patients	T101	C0030705
28229061	1107	1113	period	T079	C1948053
28229061	1114	1122	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28229061	1149	1156	females	T032	C0086287
28229061	1173	1178	males	T032	C0086582
28229061	1189	1209	male-to-female ratio	UnknownType	C0682069
28229061	1224	1228	ages	T032	C0001779
28229061	1232	1240	patients	T101	C0030705
28229061	1241	1247	ranged	T081	C1514721
28229061	1261	1266	years	T079	C1510829
28229061	1295	1300	years	T079	C1510829
28229061	1306	1314	mandible	T023	C0024687
28229061	1342	1347	cases	T169	C0868928
28229061	1356	1363	maxilla	T023	C0024947
28229061	1380	1385	cases	T169	C0868928
28229061	1395	1406	combination	T080	C0205195
28229061	1414	1421	maxilla	T023	C0024947
28229061	1430	1436	zygoma	T023	C1269549
28229061	1465	1469	case	T169	C0868928
28229061	1471	1484	Bucco-lingual	T023	C0229962
28229061	1488	1501	bucco-palatal	T023	C0229962
28229061	1502	1511	expansion	T082	C0205229
28229061	1559	1564	cases	T169	C0868928
28229061	1572	1584	Histological	T169	C0205462
28229061	1585	1595	assessment	T058	C0220825
28229061	1599	1615	tissue specimens	T024	C1292533
28229061	1628	1639	fibromyxoma	T191	C0205766
28229061	1640	1649	accounted	T078	C0085978
28229061	1668	1673	cases	T169	C0868928
28229061	1708	1713	cases	T169	C0868928
28229061	1719	1728	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28229061	1732	1738	myxoma	T191	C0027149
28229061	1744	1752	patients	T101	C0030705
28229061	1757	1771	jaw resections	T061	C2090639
28229061	1796	1812	mandibulectomies	T061	C0185566
28229061	1829	1837	patients	T101	C0030705
28229061	1842	1856	maxillectomies	T061	C0407722
28229061	1872	1880	patients	T101	C0030705
28229061	1886	1911	duration of hospital stay	T079	C4019086
28229061	1912	1918	ranged	T081	C1514721
28229061	1932	1936	days	T079	C0439228
28229061	1964	1968	days	T079	C0439228
28229061	1970	1983	Complications	T046	C0009566
28229061	2004	2012	patients	T101	C0030705
28229061	2027	2052	surgical wound infections	T046	C0038941
28229061	2059	2067	patients	T101	C0030705
28229061	2075	2086	environment	T082	C0014406
28229061	2105	2117	large tumors	T080	C0475278
28229061	2153	2162	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28229061	2163	2169	review	T078	C1552617
28229061	2179	2186	radical	T080	C0439807
28229061	2215	2223	patients	T101	C0030705

28229071|t|Bilateral Vertebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Causing Cervical Spinal Cord Compression in a Dog
28229071|a|A 10-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog was evaluated for cervical hyperesthesia and tetraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and cervical spinal cord identified an extradural compressive lesion over the body of C2 caused by marked dilation of the vertebral venous sinuses. Following intravenous contrast administration both vertebral sinuses had heterogeneous contrast enhancement consistent with incomplete thrombi formation. An abdominal ultrasound also showed a distal aortic thrombus. A definitive cause for the thrombi formation was not identified, but the patient had several predisposing factors which may have contributed. The patient was treated with a combination of warfarin, clopidogrel, and enoxaparin as well as analgesics. Within 48 h of initiation of warfarin therapy, the tetraparesis and hyperesthesia were markedly improved. Repeat abdominal ultrasound 3 weeks after discharge showed reduction in size of aortic thrombus. Neurologic function remained normal for 6 weeks following initiation of treatment. Seventy-four days following initial diagnosis the patient rapidly declined and passed away at home. Necropsy was declined. This is the first report of vertebral venous sinus enlargement leading to spinal cord compression and tetraparesis in a dog. Additionally, warfarin in combination with clopidogrel and enoxaparin appeared to be a safe and effective treatment for the suspected thrombi reported in this case. Vertebral sinus enlargement secondary to thrombi should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with tetraparesis and cervical hyperesthesia.
28229071	0	9	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
28229071	10	19	Vertebral	T023	C0549207
28229071	20	43	Venous Sinus Thrombosis	T046	C0740384
28229071	44	51	Causing	T169	C0678227
28229071	52	84	Cervical Spinal Cord Compression	T047	C0158242
28229071	90	93	Dog	T015	C1280551
28229071	108	121	male neutered	T033	C1319065
28229071	122	137	mixed breed dog	T015	C1269316
28229071	142	151	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28229071	156	164	cervical	T082	C0205064
28229071	165	178	hyperesthesia	T184	C0020453
28229071	183	195	tetraparesis	T184	C0270790
28229071	197	223	Magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28229071	231	236	brain	T023	C0006104
28229071	241	261	cervical spinal cord	T023	C0228607
28229071	262	272	identified	T080	C0205396
28229071	276	286	extradural	T030	C0014537
28229071	287	298	compressive	T070	C0728907
28229071	299	305	lesion	T033	C0221198
28229071	315	325	body of C2	T023	C0501693
28229071	326	335	caused by	T169	C0015127
28229071	343	351	dilation	T046	C0012359
28229071	359	383	vertebral venous sinuses	T023	C0010271
28229071	395	415	intravenous contrast	T130	C4072741
28229071	416	430	administration	T061	C1533734
28229071	436	445	vertebral	T023	C0549207
28229071	446	453	sinuses	T030	C0226864
28229071	458	471	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28229071	472	480	contrast	T080	C1979874
28229071	481	492	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28229071	493	508	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28229071	509	519	incomplete	T080	C0205257
28229071	520	537	thrombi formation	T033	C1334270
28229071	542	562	abdominal ultrasound	T060	C2348813
28229071	577	599	distal aortic thrombus	T047	C4285963
28229071	603	613	definitive	T079	C0443196
28229071	614	619	cause	T169	C0015127
28229071	628	645	thrombi formation	T033	C1334270
28229071	654	664	identified	T080	C0205396
28229071	674	681	patient	T101	C0030705
28229071	694	714	predisposing factors	T079	C0032946
28229071	747	754	patient	T101	C0030705
28229071	759	771	treated with	T061	C0332293
28229071	774	785	combination	T080	C0205195
28229071	789	797	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
28229071	799	810	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
28229071	816	826	enoxaparin	T109,T121	C0206460
28229071	838	848	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
28229071	865	875	initiation	T169	C1704686
28229071	879	895	warfarin therapy	T061	C4303340
28229071	901	913	tetraparesis	T184	C0270790
28229071	918	931	hyperesthesia	T184	C0020453
28229071	946	954	improved	T033	C0184511
28229071	963	983	abdominal ultrasound	T060	C2348813
28229071	998	1007	discharge	T058	C0030685
28229071	1015	1024	reduction	T061	C0441610
28229071	1028	1032	size	T082	C0456389
28229071	1036	1051	aortic thrombus	T047	C4285963
28229071	1053	1072	Neurologic function	T042	C0027767
28229071	1111	1121	initiation	T169	C1704686
28229071	1125	1134	treatment	T061	C0087111
28229071	1172	1181	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28229071	1186	1193	patient	T101	C0030705
28229071	1215	1226	passed away	T033	C1306577
28229071	1236	1244	Necropsy	T060	C0004398
28229071	1277	1283	report	T058	C0700287
28229071	1287	1296	vertebral	T023	C0549207
28229071	1297	1309	venous sinus	T030	C0226504
28229071	1310	1321	enlargement	T046	C0020564
28229071	1333	1356	spinal cord compression	T047	C0037926
28229071	1361	1373	tetraparesis	T184	C0270790
28229071	1379	1382	dog	T015	C1280551
28229071	1398	1406	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
28229071	1410	1421	combination	T080	C0205195
28229071	1427	1438	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
28229071	1443	1453	enoxaparin	T109,T121	C0206460
28229071	1480	1489	effective	T080	C1704419
28229071	1490	1499	treatment	T061	C0087111
28229071	1508	1517	suspected	T078	C0750491
28229071	1518	1525	thrombi	T046	C0087086
28229071	1526	1534	reported	T058	C0700287
28229071	1549	1558	Vertebral	T023	C0549207
28229071	1559	1564	sinus	T030	C0226864
28229071	1565	1576	enlargement	T046	C0020564
28229071	1577	1589	secondary to	T080	C0175668
28229071	1590	1597	thrombi	T046	C0087086
28229071	1637	1646	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28229071	1650	1658	patients	T101	C0030705
28229071	1659	1669	presenting	T078	C0449450
28229071	1675	1687	tetraparesis	T184	C0270790
28229071	1692	1714	cervical hyperesthesia	T184	C0020453

28229097|t|Pediatric Hypovitaminosis D: Molecular Perspectives and Clinical Implications
28229097|a|Vitamin D, a secosteroid, is essential for the development and maintenance of healthy bone in both the adult and pediatric populations. Low level of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-(OH)-D) is highly prevalent in children worldwide and has been linked to various adverse health outcomes including rickets, osteomalacia, osteomalacic myopathy, sarcopenia, and weakness, growth retardation, hypocalcemia, seizure and tetany, autism, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, cancers (prostate, colon, breast), infectious diseases (viral, tuberculosis), and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Risk factors for hypovitaminosis D are people with darker skin pigmentation, use of sunscreen, insufficient ultraviolet B exposure, prematurity, living in northern latitudes, malnutrition, obesity, exclusive breastfeeding, low maternal vitamin D level, certain medications, drinking unfortified cow's milk, liver failure, chronic renal insufficiency, cystic fibrosis, asthma, and sickle cell hemoglobinopathy. This review highlights and summarizes the molecular perspectives of vitamin D deficiency and its potential adverse health outcomes in pediatric age groups. The recommended treatment regimen is beyond the scope of this review.
28229097	0	9	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
28229097	10	27	Hypovitaminosis D	T047	C0042870
28229097	39	51	Perspectives	T080	C1879746
28229097	56	64	Clinical	T201	C0683325
28229097	65	77	Implications	T078	C1707478
28229097	78	87	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28229097	91	102	secosteroid	T109	C0036532
28229097	107	116	essential	T080	C0205224
28229097	125	136	development	T040	C0678723
28229097	141	152	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28229097	156	163	healthy	T080	C3898900
28229097	164	168	bone	T023	C0262950
28229097	181	186	adult	T100	C0001675
28229097	191	200	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28229097	201	212	populations	T098	C1257890
28229097	214	223	Low level	T081	C1611820
28229097	227	247	25-hydroxy vitamin D	T121,T127	C0006657
28229097	249	258	25-(OH)-D	T121,T127	C0006657
28229097	283	291	children	T100	C0008059
28229097	333	340	adverse	T046	C0879626
28229097	341	356	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
28229097	367	374	rickets	T047	C0035579
28229097	376	388	osteomalacia	T047	C0029442
28229097	390	411	osteomalacic myopathy	T047	C0410213
28229097	413	423	sarcopenia	T047	C0872084
28229097	429	437	weakness	T184	C3714552
28229097	439	457	growth retardation	T046	C0151686
28229097	459	471	hypocalcemia	T047	C0020598
28229097	473	480	seizure	T184	C0036572
28229097	485	491	tetany	T047	C0039621
28229097	493	499	autism	T048	C0004352
28229097	501	524	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28229097	526	543	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28229097	545	552	cancers	T191	C0006826
28229097	554	562	prostate	T191	C0376358
28229097	564	569	colon	T191	C0009375
28229097	571	577	breast	T191	C0006142
28229097	580	599	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
28229097	601	606	viral	T047	C0042769
28229097	608	620	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
28229097	627	647	autoimmune diseases,	T047	C0004364
28229097	656	674	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
28229097	679	702	Hashimoto's thyroiditis	T047	C0677607
28229097	704	716	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
28229097	721	738	hypovitaminosis D	T047	C0042870
28229097	743	749	people	T098	C0027361
28229097	755	779	darker skin pigmentation	T042	C0037290
28229097	781	784	use	T169	C1524063
28229097	788	797	sunscreen	T167	C0038818
28229097	799	811	insufficient	T080	C0205412
28229097	812	825	ultraviolet B	T070	C0564461
28229097	826	834	exposure	T080	C0332157
28229097	836	847	prematurity	T047	C0021294
28229097	849	877	living in northern latitudes	T082	C0337646
28229097	879	891	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
28229097	893	900	obesity	T047	C0028754
28229097	902	925	exclusive breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28229097	927	955	low maternal vitamin D level	T033	C0243095
28229097	965	976	medications	T121	C0013227
28229097	978	986	drinking	T040	C0684271
28229097	987	1009	unfortified cow's milk	T168	C0349374
28229097	1011	1024	liver failure	T047	C0085605
28229097	1026	1053	chronic renal insufficiency	T047	C0403447
28229097	1055	1070	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
28229097	1072	1078	asthma	T047	C0004096
28229097	1084	1112	sickle cell hemoglobinopathy	T047	C1399386
28229097	1119	1125	review	T170	C0282443
28229097	1182	1202	vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28229097	1221	1228	adverse	T046	C0879626
28229097	1229	1244	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
28229097	1248	1257	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28229097	1258	1268	age groups	T100	C0027362
28229097	1274	1303	recommended treatment regimen	T033	C0516913
28229097	1332	1338	review	T170	C0282443

28229178|t|The consummatory and motivational behaviors for natural rewards following long-term withdrawal from morphine: no anhedonia but persistent maladaptive behaviors for high-value rewards
28229178|a|The negative affective state, e.g., anhedonia, emerges after abstinence from abused drugs may be linked to the motivational processes of drug craving and relapse. Although anhedonia diminishes over time with drug abstinence, it is not yet rather explicit whether anhedonia exists or not following protracted withdrawal. The behavioral responses to natural rewards were examined after 2 to 3 weeks withdrawal from morphine. Male rats were pretreated with either a binge-like morphine paradigm or daily saline injection for 5 days. The consummatory and motivational behaviors for three natural rewards (sucrose solutions 4, 15, and 60%, social stimulus: male rat, and sexual stimulus: estrous female rat) were examined under varied testing conditions. The morphine - withdrawn rats significantly increased their intake of 15% sucrose solution during the 1-h consumption test and their operant responding for 15% sucrose solution under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement. When obtaining a reinforcer was associated with a 0.5 mA foot shock under a PR-punishment schedule, the morphine - withdrawn rats showed a higher performance for 60% sucrose solution. Meanwhile, the morphine - withdrawn rats displayed a higher motivation to sexual stimulus during the free-approach test and more approaching behaviors towards sexual stimulus in a conflict-based approach test (concurrent presence of reward and aversive stimulus). No anhedonia -like behavior but sensitized behaviors for natural rewards were found after long-term morphine withdrawal. Notably, the morphine - withdrawn rats displayed persistent motivated behaviors for high-value rewards (60% sucrose and sexual stimulus) in the conflict tests suggesting impairments in inhibitory control in morphine - treated rats.
28229178	4	16	consummatory	T054	C0009829
28229178	21	33	motivational	T041	C0026605
28229178	34	43	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28229178	48	55	natural	T169	C0205296
28229178	56	63	rewards	T041	C0035397
28229178	84	94	withdrawal	T061	C1707825
28229178	100	108	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28229178	113	122	anhedonia	T048	C0178417
28229178	138	159	maladaptive behaviors	T033	C0562443
28229178	175	182	rewards	T041	C0035397
28229178	219	228	anhedonia	T048	C0178417
28229178	244	254	abstinence	T061	C3843422
28229178	260	272	abused drugs	T131	C0086190
28229178	294	306	motivational	T041	C0026605
28229178	307	316	processes	T067	C1522240
28229178	320	332	drug craving	T033	C0556446
28229178	337	344	relapse	T067	C0035020
28229178	355	364	anhedonia	T048	C0178417
28229178	391	406	drug abstinence	T055	C0237443
28229178	446	455	anhedonia	T048	C0178417
28229178	491	501	withdrawal	T061	C1707825
28229178	507	517	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28229178	518	527	responses	T032	C0871261
28229178	531	538	natural	T169	C0205296
28229178	539	546	rewards	T041	C0035397
28229178	574	579	weeks	T079	C0439230
28229178	580	590	withdrawal	T061	C1707825
28229178	596	604	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28229178	606	610	Male	T032	C0086582
28229178	611	615	rats	T015	C0034693
28229178	657	665	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28229178	666	674	paradigm	T062	C0681797
28229178	678	683	daily	T079	C0332173
28229178	684	700	saline injection	T061	C0199797
28229178	707	711	days	T079	C0439228
28229178	717	729	consummatory	T054	C0009829
28229178	734	746	motivational	T041	C0026605
28229178	747	756	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28229178	767	774	natural	T169	C0205296
28229178	775	782	rewards	T041	C0035397
28229178	784	801	sucrose solutions	T109,T121,T123	C0038636
28229178	818	824	social	T169	C0728831
28229178	825	833	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28229178	835	839	male	T032	C0086582
28229178	840	843	rat	T015	C0034693
28229178	849	855	sexual	T054	C0036865
28229178	856	864	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28229178	866	873	estrous	T040	C0014948
28229178	874	880	female	T032	C0086287
28229178	881	884	rat	T015	C0034693
28229178	913	931	testing conditions	T080	C0449910
28229178	937	945	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28229178	948	957	withdrawn	T061	C1707825
28229178	958	962	rats	T015	C0034693
28229178	1007	1023	sucrose solution	T109,T121,T123	C0038636
28229178	1039	1055	consumption test	T060	C0683443
28229178	1066	1084	operant responding	T041	C0009651
28229178	1093	1109	sucrose solution	T109,T121,T123	C0038636
28229178	1118	1166	progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement	T062	C0871209
28229178	1185	1195	reinforcer	T078	C0178826
28229178	1225	1229	foot	T023	C0016504
28229178	1230	1235	shock	T061	C0013870
28229178	1244	1266	PR-punishment schedule	T062	C0035008
28229178	1272	1280	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28229178	1283	1292	withdrawn	T061	C1707825
28229178	1293	1297	rats	T015	C0034693
28229178	1334	1350	sucrose solution	T109,T121,T123	C0038636
28229178	1367	1375	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28229178	1378	1387	withdrawn	T061	C1707825
28229178	1388	1392	rats	T015	C0034693
28229178	1412	1422	motivation	T041	C0026605
28229178	1426	1432	sexual	T054	C0036865
28229178	1433	1441	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28229178	1453	1471	free-approach test	T060	C0683443
28229178	1493	1502	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28229178	1511	1517	sexual	T054	C0036865
28229178	1518	1526	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28229178	1532	1560	conflict-based approach test	T060	C0683444
28229178	1585	1591	reward	T041	C0035397
28229178	1596	1613	aversive stimulus	T169	C1510994
28229178	1616	1618	No	T033	C1513916
28229178	1619	1628	anhedonia	T048	C0178417
28229178	1635	1643	behavior	T053	C0004927
28229178	1648	1658	sensitized	T169	C0332324
28229178	1659	1668	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28229178	1673	1680	natural	T169	C0205296
28229178	1681	1688	rewards	T041	C0035397
28229178	1716	1724	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28229178	1725	1735	withdrawal	T061	C1707825
28229178	1750	1758	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28229178	1761	1770	withdrawn	T061	C1707825
28229178	1771	1775	rats	T015	C0034693
28229178	1797	1806	motivated	T041	C0026605
28229178	1807	1816	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28229178	1832	1839	rewards	T041	C0035397
28229178	1845	1852	sucrose	T109,T121,T123	C0038636
28229178	1857	1863	sexual	T054	C0036865
28229178	1864	1872	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28229178	1881	1895	conflict tests	T060	C0683443
28229178	1944	1952	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28229178	1955	1962	treated	T169	C1522326
28229178	1963	1967	rats	T015	C0034693

28230977|t|Extracellular Self-Assembly of Functional and Tunable Protein Conjugates from Bacillus subtilis
28230977|a|The ability to stably and specifically conjugate recombinant proteins to one another is a powerful approach for engineering multifunctional enzymes, protein therapeutics, and novel biological materials. While many of these applications have been illustrated through in vitro and in vivo intracellular protein conjugation methods, extracellular self-assembly of protein conjugates offers unique advantages: simplifying purification, reducing toxicity and burden, and enabling tunability. Exploiting the recently described SpyTag-SpyCatcher system, we describe here how enzymes and structural proteins can be genetically encoded to covalently conjugate in culture media following programmable secretion from Bacillus subtilis. Using this approach, we demonstrate how self-conjugation of a secreted industrial enzyme, XynA, dramatically increases its resilience to boiling, and we show that cellular consortia can be engineered to self-assemble functional protein-protein conjugates with tunable composition. This novel genetically encoded modular system provides a flexible strategy for protein conjugation harnessing the substantial advantages of extracellular self-assembly.
28230977	0	13	Extracellular	T026	C0521119
28230977	14	27	Self-Assembly	T044	C0872376
28230977	31	41	Functional	T169	C0205245
28230977	46	72	Tunable Protein Conjugates	T116,T123	C0033684
28230977	78	95	Bacillus subtilis	T007	C0004595
28230977	111	117	stably	T080	C0205360
28230977	135	144	conjugate	T043	C1160466
28230977	145	165	recombinant proteins	T116	C0034861
28230977	208	219	engineering	T063	C0017387
28230977	220	235	multifunctional	T169	C0205245
28230977	236	243	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28230977	245	265	protein therapeutics	T121	C0872285
28230977	271	276	novel	T080	C0205314
28230977	277	297	biological materials	T122	C0005479
28230977	319	331	applications	UnknownType	C0869019
28230977	362	370	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28230977	375	382	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28230977	383	396	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28230977	397	416	protein conjugation	T043	C1160466
28230977	426	439	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28230977	440	453	self-assembly	T044	C0872376
28230977	457	475	protein conjugates	T116,T123	C0033684
28230977	514	526	purification	T059	C0597301
28230977	528	536	reducing	T080	C0392756
28230977	537	545	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28230977	550	556	burden	T078	C2828008
28230977	571	581	tunability	T080	C0205556
28230977	617	641	SpyTag-SpyCatcher system	T059	C0022885
28230977	664	671	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28230977	676	695	structural proteins	T116,T123	C0582263
28230977	703	722	genetically encoded	T045	C0314627
28230977	726	736	covalently	T044	C1511539
28230977	737	746	conjugate	T043	C1160466
28230977	750	763	culture media	T130	C0010454
28230977	774	796	programmable secretion	T043	C1327616
28230977	802	819	Bacillus subtilis	T007	C0004595
28230977	861	877	self-conjugation	T043	C1160466
28230977	883	891	secreted	T043	C1327616
28230977	903	909	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28230977	911	915	XynA	T116,T126	C0149034
28230977	930	939	increases	T081	C0205217
28230977	944	954	resilience	T033	C1821534
28230977	958	965	boiling	T069	C0018851
28230977	984	1002	cellular consortia	T025	C0007634
28230977	1010	1020	engineered	T063	C0017387
28230977	1024	1037	self-assemble	T044	C0872376
28230977	1038	1048	functional	T169	C0205245
28230977	1049	1075	protein-protein conjugates	T116,T123	C0033684
28230977	1107	1112	novel	T080	C0205314
28230977	1113	1132	genetically encoded	T045	C0314627
28230977	1133	1147	modular system	T169	C0449913
28230977	1159	1176	flexible strategy	T080	C0443220
28230977	1181	1200	protein conjugation	T043	C1160466
28230977	1242	1255	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28230977	1256	1269	self-assembly	T044	C0872376

28231426|t|Engineering of Anti-CD133 Tri-Specific Molecule Capable of Inducing NK Expansion and Driving Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC)
28231426|a|The selective elimination of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in tumor patients is a crucial goal because CSCs cause drug refractory relapse. To improve the current conventional bispecific immune-engager platform, a 16133 BiKE, consisting of scFvs binding FcγRIII (CD16) on NK cells and CD133 on carcinoma cells, was first synthesized and a modified IL-15 crosslinker capable of stimulating NK effector cells was introduced. DNA shuffling and ligation techniques were used to assemble and synthesize the 1615133 trispecific NK cell engager (TriKE). The construct was tested for its specificity using flow cytometry, cytotoxic determinations using chromium release assays, and lytic degranulation. IL-15 -mediated expansion was measured using flow-based proliferation assays. The level of interferon (IFN)-γ release was measured because of its importance in the anti-cancer response. 1615133 TriKE induced NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and NK expansion far greater than that achieved with BiKE devoid of IL-15. The drug binding and induction of cytotoxic degranulation was CD133+ specific and the anti-cancer activity was improved by integrating the interleukin (IL)-15 cross linker. The NK cell -related cytokine release measured by IFN-γ detection was higher than that of BiKE. NK cytokine release studies showed that although the IFN-γ levels were elevated, they did not approach the levels achieved with IL-12 / IL-18, indicating that release was not at the supraphysiologic level. 1615133 TriKE enhances the NK cell anti-cancer activity and provides a self-sustaining mechanism via IL-15 signaling. By improving the NK cell performance, the new TriKE represents a highly active drug against drug refractory relapse mediated by CSCs.
28231426	0	11	Engineering	T063	C0017387
28231426	15	47	Anti-CD133 Tri-Specific Molecule	T121	C1254351
28231426	68	70	NK	T025	C0022688
28231426	71	80	Expansion	T043	C0007595
28231426	93	138	Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity	T043	C0003272
28231426	140	144	ADCC	T043	C0003272
28231426	175	192	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
28231426	194	198	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28231426	203	208	tumor	T191	C0027651
28231426	209	217	patients	T101	C0030705
28231426	244	248	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28231426	255	270	drug refractory	T038	C0013203
28231426	271	278	relapse	T067	C0035020
28231426	316	364	bispecific immune-engager platform, a 16133 BiKE	T121	C1254351
28231426	380	385	scFvs	T129	C1883036
28231426	394	408	FcγRIII (CD16)	T116,T129,T192	C0108747
28231426	412	420	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28231426	425	430	CD133	T116,T123	C0673026
28231426	434	449	carcinoma cells	T025	C1518174
28231426	488	493	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
28231426	494	505	crosslinker	T026	C1511546
28231426	529	546	NK effector cells	T025	C0022688
28231426	563	576	DNA shuffling	T062	C1135931
28231426	581	589	ligation	T045	C1155649
28231426	590	600	techniques	T169	C0449851
28231426	642	685	1615133 trispecific NK cell engager (TriKE)	T121	C1254351
28231426	691	700	construct	T114	C0598279
28231426	738	752	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28231426	754	763	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
28231426	764	778	determinations	T059	C1148554
28231426	785	808	chromium release assays	T059	C0201618
28231426	814	819	lytic	T080	C0439680
28231426	820	833	degranulation	T043	C0007588
28231426	835	840	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
28231426	851	860	expansion	T043	C0007595
28231426	880	911	flow-based proliferation assays	T062	C3899698
28231426	917	944	level of interferon (IFN)-γ	T059	C1168022
28231426	999	1019	anti-cancer response	T032	C0871261
28231426	1021	1034	1615133 TriKE	T121	C1254351
28231426	1043	1050	NK cell	T025	C0022688
28231426	1060	1072	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28231426	1077	1079	NK	T025	C0022688
28231426	1080	1089	expansion	T043	C0007595
28231426	1126	1130	BiKE	T121	C1254351
28231426	1141	1146	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
28231426	1152	1164	drug binding	T039	C0678749
28231426	1169	1178	induction	T169	C0205263
28231426	1182	1191	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
28231426	1192	1205	degranulation	T043	C0007588
28231426	1210	1216	CD133+	T116,T129	C0673028
28231426	1234	1254	anti-cancer activity	T033	C0243095
28231426	1287	1306	interleukin (IL)-15	T116,T129	C0254610
28231426	1325	1332	NK cell	T025	C0022688
28231426	1342	1358	cytokine release	T043	C1327414
28231426	1371	1376	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28231426	1411	1415	BiKE	T121	C1254351
28231426	1417	1419	NK	T025	C0022688
28231426	1420	1436	cytokine release	T043	C1327414
28231426	1470	1482	IFN-γ levels	T059	C1168022
28231426	1545	1550	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
28231426	1553	1558	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
28231426	1599	1615	supraphysiologic	T169	C0205463
28231426	1616	1621	level	T080	C0441889
28231426	1623	1636	1615133 TriKE	T121	C1254351
28231426	1650	1657	NK cell	T025	C0022688
28231426	1658	1678	anti-cancer activity	T033	C0243095
28231426	1724	1729	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
28231426	1730	1739	signaling	T038	C3537152
28231426	1758	1765	NK cell	T025	C0022688
28231426	1787	1792	TriKE	T121	C1254351
28231426	1833	1848	drug refractory	T038	C0013203
28231426	1849	1856	relapse	T067	C0035020
28231426	1869	1873	CSCs	T025	C1956422

28231469|t|Bassoon Controls Presynaptic Autophagy through Atg5
28231469|a|Mechanisms regulating the surveillance and clearance of synaptic proteins are not well understood. Intriguingly, the loss of the presynaptic active zone proteins Piccolo and Bassoon triggers the loss of synaptic vesicles (SVs) and compromises synaptic integrity. Here we report that the destruction of SVs in boutons lacking Piccolo and Bassoon was associated with the induction of presynaptic autophagy, a process that depended on poly- ubiquitination, but not the E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1. Surprisingly, gain or loss of function (LOF) of Bassoon alone suppressed or enhanced presynaptic autophagy, respectively, implying a fundamental role for Bassoon in the local regulation of presynaptic autophagy. Mechanistically, Bassoon was found to interact with Atg5, an E3-like ligase essential for autophagy, and to inhibit the induction of autophagy in heterologous cells. Importantly, Atg5 LOF as well as targeting an Atg5 - binding peptide derived from Bassoon inhibited presynaptic autophagy in boutons lacking Piccolo and Bassoon, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms regulating presynaptic autophagy.
28231469	0	7	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1308851
28231469	17	28	Presynaptic	T026	C0206181
28231469	29	38	Autophagy	T043	C0004391
28231469	47	51	Atg5	T116	C3537312
28231469	63	90	regulating the surveillance	T169	C0220920
28231469	95	107	clearance of	T201	C1382187
28231469	108	125	synaptic proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28231469	181	204	presynaptic active zone	T026	C1820216
28231469	205	213	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28231469	214	221	Piccolo	T116,T123	C1452990
28231469	226	233	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1308851
28231469	255	272	synaptic vesicles	T026	C0039065
28231469	274	277	SVs	T026	C0039065
28231469	295	303	synaptic	T030	C0039062
28231469	304	313	integrity	T080	C1947912
28231469	354	357	SVs	T026	C0039065
28231469	361	368	boutons	T026	C0206181
28231469	377	384	Piccolo	T116,T123	C1452990
28231469	389	396	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1308851
28231469	401	416	associated with	T080	C0332281
28231469	434	445	presynaptic	T026	C0206181
28231469	446	455	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28231469	490	504	ubiquitination	T044	C1519751
28231469	518	537	E3 ubiquitin ligase	T116,T126	C0077678
28231469	538	543	Siah1	T116,T123	C1307802
28231469	567	583	loss of function	T033	C0243095
28231469	585	588	LOF	T033	C0243095
28231469	593	600	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1308851
28231469	607	617	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28231469	630	641	presynaptic	T026	C0206181
28231469	642	651	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28231469	699	706	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1308851
28231469	714	730	local regulation	T038	C1327622
28231469	734	745	presynaptic	T026	C0206181
28231469	746	755	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28231469	774	781	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1308851
28231469	809	813	Atg5	T116	C3537312
28231469	818	832	E3-like ligase	T116,T126	C0077678
28231469	847	856	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28231469	865	872	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28231469	890	899	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28231469	903	915	heterologous	T080	C0439860
28231469	916	921	cells	T025	C0007634
28231469	936	940	Atg5	T116	C3537312
28231469	941	944	LOF	T033	C0243095
28231469	956	965	targeting	T169	C1521840
28231469	969	973	Atg5	T116	C3537312
28231469	976	991	binding peptide	T044	C1149098
28231469	1005	1012	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1308851
28231469	1023	1034	presynaptic	T026	C0206181
28231469	1035	1044	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28231469	1048	1055	boutons	T026	C0206181
28231469	1064	1071	Piccolo	T116,T123	C1452990
28231469	1076	1083	Bassoon	T116,T123	C1308851
28231469	1113	1133	molecular mechanisms	T044	C0678659
28231469	1134	1144	regulating	T038	C1327622
28231469	1145	1156	presynaptic	T026	C0206181
28231469	1157	1166	autophagy	T043	C0004391

28231536|t|Lignin -derived inhibition of monocomponent cellulases and a xylanase in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosics
28231536|a|Non-productive enzyme binding onto lignin is the major inhibitory mechanism, which reduces hydrolysis rates and yields and prevents efficient enzyme recycling in the hydrolysis of lignocellulosics. The detailed mechanisms of binding are still poorly understood. Enzyme - lignin interactions were investigated by comparing the structural properties and binding behaviour of fungal monocomponent enzymes, cellobiohydrolases TrCel7A and TrCel6A, endoglucanases TrCel7B and TrCel5A, a xylanase TrXyn11 and a β-glucosidase AnCel3A, onto lignins isolated from steam pretreated spruce and wheat straw. The enzymes exhibited decreasing affinity onto lignin model films in the following order: TrCel7B > TrCel6A > TrCel5A > AnCel3A > TrCel7A > TrXyn11. As analysed in Avicel hydrolysis, TrCel6A and TrCel7B were most inhibited by lignin isolated from pretreated spruce. This could be partially explained by adsorption of the enzyme onto the lignin surface. Enzyme properties, such as enzyme surface charge, thermal stability or surface hydrophobicity could not alone explain the adsorption behaviour.
28231536	0	6	Lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
28231536	16	26	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28231536	30	43	monocomponent	T116,T123	C1179435
28231536	44	54	cellulases	T116,T126	C1260229
28231536	61	69	xylanase	T116,T126	C0059100
28231536	77	87	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
28231536	91	107	lignocellulosics	T109	C0064974
28231536	123	129	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28231536	130	137	binding	T044	C1167622
28231536	143	149	lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
28231536	163	173	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28231536	174	183	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28231536	199	209	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
28231536	210	215	rates	T052	C0871208
28231536	240	249	efficient	T080	C0442799
28231536	250	256	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28231536	257	266	recycling	T033	C3841253
28231536	274	284	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
28231536	288	304	lignocellulosics	T109	C0064974
28231536	319	329	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28231536	333	340	binding	T044	C1167622
28231536	351	357	poorly	T080	C0205169
28231536	370	376	Enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28231536	379	385	lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
28231536	386	398	interactions	T169	C1704675
28231536	460	467	binding	T044	C1167622
28231536	468	477	behaviour	T053	C0004927
28231536	481	487	fungal	T004	C0016832
28231536	488	501	monocomponent	T116,T123	C1179435
28231536	502	509	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28231536	511	529	cellobiohydrolases	T116,T126	C0059939
28231536	530	537	TrCel7A	T116,T126	C0243625
28231536	542	549	TrCel6A	T116,T126	C0059939
28231536	551	565	endoglucanases	T116,T126	C1260229
28231536	566	573	TrCel7B	T116,T126	C1260229
28231536	578	585	TrCel5A	T116,T126	C1260229
28231536	589	597	xylanase	T116,T126	C0059100
28231536	598	605	TrXyn11	T116,T126	C0059100
28231536	612	625	β-glucosidase	T116,T126	C0005223
28231536	626	633	AnCel3A	T116,T126	C0005223
28231536	640	647	lignins	T109,T123	C0023705
28231536	648	656	isolated	T169	C0205409
28231536	662	667	steam	T197	C0038225
28231536	679	685	spruce	T002	C0949850
28231536	690	695	wheat	T002	C0087114
28231536	696	701	straw	T109	C4047917
28231536	707	714	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28231536	725	735	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28231536	736	744	affinity	T070	C1510827
28231536	750	756	lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
28231536	793	800	TrCel7B	T116,T126	C1260229
28231536	803	810	TrCel6A	T116,T126	C0059939
28231536	813	820	TrCel5A	T116,T126	C1260229
28231536	823	830	AnCel3A	T116,T126	C0005223
28231536	833	840	TrCel7A	T116,T126	C0243625
28231536	843	850	TrXyn11	T116,T126	C0059100
28231536	855	863	analysed	T169	C1524024
28231536	867	873	Avicel	T109,T122	C0733543
28231536	874	884	hydrolysis	T070	C0020291
28231536	886	893	TrCel6A	T116,T126	C0059939
28231536	898	905	TrCel7B	T116,T126	C1260229
28231536	916	925	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28231536	929	935	lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
28231536	936	944	isolated	T169	C0205409
28231536	961	967	spruce	T002	C0949850
28231536	1006	1016	adsorption	T059	C0001674
28231536	1024	1030	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28231536	1040	1046	lignin	T109,T123	C0023705
28231536	1047	1054	surface	T082	C0205148
28231536	1056	1062	Enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28231536	1083	1089	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28231536	1106	1123	thermal stability	T059	C1441596
28231536	1127	1134	surface	T082	C0205148
28231536	1135	1149	hydrophobicity	T080	C0598629
28231536	1178	1188	adsorption	T059	C0001674
28231536	1189	1198	behaviour	T053	C0004927

28231785|t|MinorityReport, software for generalized analysis of causal genetic variants
28231785|a|The widespread availability of next generation genome sequencing technologies has enabled a wide range of variant detection applications, especially in cancer and inborn genetic disorders. For model systems and microorganisms, the same technology may be used to discover the causative mutations for any phenotype, including those generated in response to chemical perturbation. In the case of pathogenic organisms, these approaches have allowed the determination of drug targets by means of resistance selection followed by genome sequencing. MinorityReport is open source software written in python that facilitates the comparison of any two sets of genome alignments for the purpose of rapidly identifying the spectrum of nonsynonymous changes, insertions or deletions, and copy number variations in a presumed mutant relative to its parent. Specifically, MinorityReport relates mapped sequence reads in SAM format output from any alignment tool for both the mutant and parent genome, relative to a reference genome, and produces the set of variants that distinguishes the mutant from the parent, all presented in an intuitive, straightforward report format. MinorityReport features tunable parameters for evaluating evidence and a scoring system that prioritizes reported variants based on relative proportions of read counts supporting the variant in the mutant versus parent data sets. The utility of MinorityReport is demonstrated using previously published publicly available data sets to find the determinants of resistance for novel anti-malarial drugs. MinorityReport is readily available (github: JeremyHorst/ MinorityReport) to identify the genetic mechanisms of drug resistance in Plasmodium, genotype-phenotype relationships in human diads, or genomic variations between any two related organisms.
28231785	0	14	MinorityReport	T062,T170	C0242278
28231785	16	49	software for generalized analysis	T170	C3203917
28231785	60	76	genetic variants	T059	C3263354
28231785	81	91	widespread	T082	C0205391
28231785	92	107	availability of	T169	C0470187
28231785	108	123	next generation	T090	C3274765
28231785	124	154	genome sequencing technologies	T063	C1328887
28231785	183	200	variant detection	T059	C1294200
28231785	226	235	in cancer	T059	C4051949
28231785	240	264	inborn genetic disorders	T047	C0019247
28231785	270	283	model systems	T075	C0026339
28231785	288	302	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28231785	313	323	technology	T090	C0039421
28231785	352	371	causative mutations	T045	C0596611
28231785	380	389	phenotype	T059	C1285572
28231785	432	453	chemical perturbation	T169	C0332453
28231785	470	490	pathogenic organisms	T001	C0450254
28231785	526	542	determination of	T059	C1148554
28231785	543	555	drug targets	T074	C0085104
28231785	568	588	resistance selection	T045	C0036576
28231785	601	618	genome sequencing	T063	C1328887
28231785	620	634	MinorityReport	T062,T170	C0242278
28231785	643	658	source software	T073,T170	C0037585
28231785	670	676	python	T170	C0033348
28231785	698	708	comparison	T052	C1707455
28231785	716	724	two sets	T081	C0392762
28231785	728	745	genome alignments	T063	C1328887
28231785	789	797	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28231785	801	822	nonsynonymous changes	T086	C1709259
28231785	824	834	insertions	T049	C1955829
28231785	838	847	deletions	T045	C0017260
28231785	853	875	copy number variations	T045	C2717925
28231785	890	896	mutant	T028	C0678941
28231785	913	919	parent	T028	C0017337
28231785	935	949	MinorityReport	T062,T170	C0242278
28231785	958	973	mapped sequence	T062	C1517491
28231785	983	993	SAM format	T063	C3824722
28231785	994	1000	output	T077	C1709366
28231785	1010	1024	alignment tool	T170	C0037589
28231785	1038	1044	mutant	T028	C0678941
28231785	1049	1062	parent genome	T028	C0017337
28231785	1078	1094	reference genome	T028	C0017428
28231785	1120	1128	variants	T028	C0678941
28231785	1134	1147	distinguishes	T169	C2945687
28231785	1152	1158	mutant	T028	C0678941
28231785	1168	1174	parent	T028	C0017337
28231785	1223	1236	report format	T170	C1301627
28231785	1238	1252	MinorityReport	T062,T170	C0242278
28231785	1262	1280	tunable parameters	T077	C0549193
28231785	1285	1295	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28231785	1296	1304	evidence	T078	C3887511
28231785	1311	1325	scoring system	T062	C0036449
28231785	1352	1360	variants	T028	C0678941
28231785	1379	1390	proportions	T081	C1709707
28231785	1421	1428	variant	T028	C0678941
28231785	1436	1442	mutant	T028	C0678941
28231785	1450	1456	parent	T028	C0017337
28231785	1450	1466	parent data sets	T028	C0017428
28231785	1483	1497	MinorityReport	T062,T170	C0242278
28231785	1531	1569	published publicly available data sets	T170	C0993637
28231785	1582	1608	determinants of resistance	T059	C0877124
28231785	1619	1638	anti-malarial drugs	T121	C0003374
28231785	1640	1654	MinorityReport	T062,T170	C0242278
28231785	1698	1712	MinorityReport	T062,T170	C0242278
28231785	1730	1748	genetic mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28231785	1752	1781	drug resistance in Plasmodium	T032	C0013205
28231785	1783	1815	genotype-phenotype relationships	T033	C2717879
28231785	1819	1830	human diads	T098	C0870454
28231785	1835	1853	genomic variations	T045	C2717924
28231785	1878	1887	organisms	T001	C0029235

28231967|t|Rare Pedal Manifestation of Diffuse Multiple Myeloma Lesions
28231967|a|Multiple myeloma is a malignancy of plasma cell proliferation leading to production of monoclonal immunoglobins. Among the classic features of multiple myeloma are bone lesions, which typically manifest in the axial skeleton, vertebrae, pelvis, skull, ribs, and proximal extremities. The several types of multiple myeloma include symptomatic multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering / indolent myeloma, and solitary plasmacytoma of bone. Although rare, plasmacytomas of the foot and ankle have been described in published studies. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first description of classic diffuse myelomatosis lesions associated with symptomatic myeloma in the foot of a patient with advanced disease who was treated in the podiatric surgery clinic for pathologic fracture.
28231967	0	4	Rare	T080	C0522498
28231967	5	10	Pedal	T023	C0016504
28231967	11	27	Manifestation of	T080	C1280464
28231967	28	35	Diffuse	T082	C0205219
28231967	36	52	Multiple Myeloma	T191	C0026764
28231967	53	60	Lesions	T047	C0238792
28231967	61	77	Multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28231967	83	93	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28231967	97	103	plasma	T031	C0032105
28231967	104	122	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28231967	148	172	monoclonal immunoglobins	T116,T129	C0003250
28231967	184	200	classic features	T080	C1521970
28231967	204	220	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28231967	225	237	bone lesions	T047	C0238792
28231967	255	263	manifest	T169	C0205319
28231967	271	285	axial skeleton	T023	C0222645
28231967	287	296	vertebrae	T023	C0549207
28231967	298	304	pelvis	T023	C0030797
28231967	306	311	skull	T023	C2951888
28231967	313	317	ribs	T023	C0035561
28231967	323	331	proximal	T082	C0205107
28231967	332	343	extremities	T023	C0015385
28231967	357	362	types	T080	C0332307
28231967	366	382	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28231967	391	402	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28231967	403	419	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28231967	421	442	monoclonal gammopathy	T191	C1136085
28231967	459	471	significance	T078	C0750502
28231967	473	483	smoldering	T191	C1531608
28231967	486	502	indolent myeloma	T191	C1334169
28231967	508	537	solitary plasmacytoma of bone	T191	C0032131
28231967	548	552	rare	T080	C0522498
28231967	554	567	plasmacytomas	T191	C0032131
28231967	575	579	foot	T023	C0016504
28231967	584	589	ankle	T029	C0003086
28231967	707	714	diffuse	T082	C0205219
28231967	715	727	myelomatosis	T191	C0026764
28231967	728	735	lesions	T047	C0238792
28231967	736	751	associated with	T080	C0332281
28231967	752	763	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28231967	764	771	myeloma	T191	C0026764
28231967	779	783	foot	T023	C0016504
28231967	789	796	patient	T101	C0030705
28231967	802	818	advanced disease	UnknownType	C0679246
28231967	827	834	treated	T169	C1522326
28231967	842	859	podiatric surgery	T061	C0543467
28231967	860	866	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28231967	871	890	pathologic fracture	T046	C0016663

28232171|t|Dopamine modulates astroglial and microglial activity via glial renin-angiotensin system in cultures
28232171|a|Dopamine is an immunomodulatory molecule that acts on immune effector cells both in the CNS and peripheral tissues. However, the role of changes in dopamine levels in the neuroinflammatory response is controversial. The local/ paracrine renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in inflammatory processes in peripheral tissues and brain. In the present study, we investigated the possible role of the brain RAS in the effects of dopamine on the glial inflammatory responses. Astrocytes are the major source of the precursor protein angiotensinogen and angiotensin II (AII) in the brain. Neurotoxins such as MPP (+) (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) can act directly on astrocytes to increase levels of angiotensinogen and AII. Conversely, dopamine, via type-2 (D2) receptors, inhibited production of angiotensinogen, decreased expression of angiotensin type-1 (AT1) receptors and increased expression of AT2 receptors. In microglia, dopamine and dopamine agonists also regulated RAS activity. First, indirectly, via downregulation of the astrocyte-derived AII. Second, via dopamine - induced regulation of microglial angiotensin receptors. Dopamine decreased the microglial AT1 / AT2 ratio leading to inhibition of the pro-inflammatory AT1 / NADPH-oxidase / superoxide axis. D2 receptors were particularly responsible for microglial RAS inhibition in basal culture conditions. However, both D1 and D2 agonists inhibited the AT1 / NADPH-oxidase axis in lipopolysaccharide - treated (LPS; i.e. activated) microglia. The results indicate that the decrease in dopamine levels observed in early stages of Parkinson's disease and aging may promote neuroinflammation and disease progression via glial RAS exacerbation.
28232171	0	8	Dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28232171	9	18	modulates	T082	C0443264
28232171	19	29	astroglial	T025	C0004112
28232171	34	44	microglial	T025	C0206116
28232171	45	53	activity	T043	C0007613
28232171	58	63	glial	T025	C0027836
28232171	64	88	renin-angiotensin system	T022	C0035096
28232171	92	100	cultures	T059	C0040284
28232171	101	109	Dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28232171	116	141	immunomodulatory molecule	T121,T129	C1527392
28232171	147	151	acts	T052	C3266814
28232171	155	176	immune effector cells	T025	C0312740
28232171	189	192	CNS	T022	C3714787
28232171	197	207	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28232171	208	215	tissues	T024	C0040300
28232171	238	245	changes	T169	C0392747
28232171	249	264	dopamine levels	T059	C0201989
28232171	272	289	neuroinflammatory	T169	C0333348
28232171	290	298	response	T032	C0871261
28232171	302	315	controversial	T054	C0680243
28232171	328	337	paracrine	T039	C0597170
28232171	338	362	renin-angiotensin system	T022	C0035096
28232171	364	367	RAS	T022	C0035096
28232171	391	413	inflammatory processes	T046	C1155266
28232171	417	427	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28232171	428	435	tissues	T024	C0040300
28232171	440	445	brain	T023	C0006104
28232171	462	467	study	T062	C0008972
28232171	472	484	investigated	T169	C1292732
28232171	510	515	brain	T023	C0006104
28232171	516	519	RAS	T022	C0035096
28232171	527	534	effects	T080	C1280500
28232171	538	546	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28232171	554	559	glial	T025	C0027836
28232171	560	582	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
28232171	584	594	Astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28232171	623	640	precursor protein	T116,T123	C0033665
28232171	641	656	angiotensinogen	T116,T123	C0003017
28232171	661	675	angiotensin II	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
28232171	677	680	AII	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
28232171	689	694	brain	T023	C0006104
28232171	696	707	Neurotoxins	T131	C0027934
28232171	716	719	MPP	T109,T131	C0000098
28232171	725	752	1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium	T109,T131	C0000098
28232171	758	761	act	T052	C3266814
28232171	762	770	directly	T080	C1947931
28232171	774	784	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28232171	788	796	increase	T081	C0205217
28232171	797	803	levels	T080	C0441889
28232171	807	822	angiotensinogen	T116,T123	C0003017
28232171	827	830	AII	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
28232171	844	852	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28232171	858	879	type-2 (D2) receptors	T116,T192	C0058698
28232171	881	890	inhibited	T052	C3463820
28232171	891	901	production	T044	C0597295
28232171	905	920	angiotensinogen	T116,T123	C0003017
28232171	922	931	decreased	T080	C0392756
28232171	932	942	expression	T045	C1171362
28232171	946	980	angiotensin type-1 (AT1) receptors	T116,T192	C0529330
28232171	985	994	increased	T081	C0205217
28232171	995	1005	expression	T045	C1171362
28232171	1009	1022	AT2 receptors	T116,T192	C0390423
28232171	1027	1036	microglia	T025	C0206116
28232171	1038	1046	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28232171	1051	1068	dopamine agonists	T121	C0178601
28232171	1074	1083	regulated	T038	C1327622
28232171	1084	1087	RAS	T022	C0035096
28232171	1088	1096	activity	T052	C0441655
28232171	1105	1115	indirectly	T080	C0439852
28232171	1121	1135	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28232171	1143	1164	astrocyte-derived AII	T116,T121,T123	C0003009
28232171	1178	1186	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28232171	1189	1196	induced	T169	C0205263
28232171	1197	1207	regulation	T038	C1327622
28232171	1211	1221	microglial	T025	C0206116
28232171	1222	1243	angiotensin receptors	T116,T192	C0034787
28232171	1245	1253	Dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28232171	1254	1263	decreased	T080	C0392756
28232171	1268	1278	microglial	T025	C0206116
28232171	1279	1282	AT1	T116,T192	C0529330
28232171	1285	1288	AT2	T116,T192	C0390423
28232171	1289	1294	ratio	T081	C0456603
28232171	1306	1316	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28232171	1324	1344	pro-inflammatory AT1	T116,T192	C0529330
28232171	1347	1360	NADPH-oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
28232171	1363	1373	superoxide	T196	C0038836
28232171	1374	1378	axis	T082	C1522496
28232171	1380	1392	D2 receptors	T116,T192	C0058698
28232171	1427	1437	microglial	T025	C0206116
28232171	1438	1441	RAS	T022	C0035096
28232171	1442	1452	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28232171	1456	1461	basal	T082	C0205112
28232171	1462	1469	culture	T059	C0040284
28232171	1470	1480	conditions	T080	C0348080
28232171	1496	1498	D1	T121	C0178601
28232171	1503	1514	D2 agonists	T121	C0178601
28232171	1515	1524	inhibited	T052	C3463820
28232171	1529	1532	AT1	T116,T192	C0529330
28232171	1535	1548	NADPH-oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
28232171	1549	1553	axis	T082	C1522496
28232171	1557	1575	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28232171	1578	1585	treated	T052	C1879547
28232171	1587	1590	LPS	T109	C0023810
28232171	1597	1606	activated	T052	C1879547
28232171	1608	1617	microglia	T025	C0206116
28232171	1623	1630	results	T169	C1274040
28232171	1649	1657	decrease	T080	C0392756
28232171	1661	1676	dopamine levels	T059	C0201989
28232171	1689	1701	early stages	T079	C2363430
28232171	1705	1724	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28232171	1729	1734	aging	T040	C0001811
28232171	1739	1746	promote	T052	C0033414
28232171	1747	1764	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
28232171	1769	1788	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28232171	1793	1798	glial	T025	C0027836
28232171	1799	1802	RAS	T022	C0035096
28232171	1803	1815	exacerbation	T033	C4086268

28232316|t|Causes of ecological gradients in leaf margin entirety: Evaluating the roles of biomechanics, hydraulics, vein geometry, and bud packing
28232316|a|A recent commentary by Edwards et al. (Am. J. Bot. 103: 975-978) proposed that constraints imposed by the packing of young leaves in buds could explain the positive association between non-entire leaf margins and latitude but did not thoroughly consider alternative explanations. We review the logic and evidence underlying six major hypotheses for the functional significance of marginal teeth, involving putative effects on (1) leaf cooling, (2) optimal support and supply of the areas served by major veins, (3) enhanced leaf - margin photosynthesis, (4) hydathodal function, (5) defense against herbivores, and (6) bud packing. Theoretical and empirical problems undermine all hypotheses except the support-supply hypothesis, which implies that thinner leaves should have non-entire margins. Phylogenetically structured analyses across angiosperms, the El Yunque flora, and the genus Viburnum all demonstrate that non-entire margins are indeed more common in thinner leaves. Across angiosperms, the association of leaf thickness with non-entire leaf margins is stronger than that of latitude. We outline a synthetic model showing how biomechanics, hydraulics, vein geometry, rates of leaf expansion, and length of development within resting buds, all tied to leaf thickness, drive patterns in the distribution of entire vs. non-entire leaf margins. Our model accounts for dominance of entire margins in the tropics, Mediterranean scrub, and tundra, non-entire margins in cold temperate deciduous forests and tropical vines and early-successional trees, and entire leaf margins in monocots. Spinose-toothed leaves should be favored in short-statured evergreen trees and shrubs, primarily in Mediterranean scrub and related semiarid habitats.
28232316	10	20	ecological	T082	C0565987
28232316	21	30	gradients	T081	C0812409
28232316	34	38	leaf	T002	C0242724
28232316	39	45	margin	T082	C0205284
28232316	46	54	entirety	T081	C0439751
28232316	56	66	Evaluating	T170	C0015196
28232316	71	76	roles	T077	C1705810
28232316	80	92	biomechanics	T091	C0005537
28232316	94	104	hydraulics	T090	C1518533
28232316	106	119	vein geometry	T090	C0449829
28232316	125	128	bud	T002	C2700462
28232316	129	136	packing	T052	C2828395
28232316	139	145	recent	T079	C0332185
28232316	146	156	commentary	T170	C0282411
28232316	202	210	proposed	T080	C1553874
28232316	216	227	constraints	T169	C0443288
28232316	243	250	packing	T052	C2828395
28232316	254	259	young	T079	C0332239
28232316	260	266	leaves	T002	C0242724
28232316	270	274	buds	T002	C2700462
28232316	293	301	positive	T033	C1446409
28232316	302	313	association	T078	C0750490
28232316	322	332	non-entire	T080	C0205556
28232316	333	337	leaf	T002	C0242724
28232316	338	345	margins	T082	C0205284
28232316	350	358	latitude	T081	C1627936
28232316	382	390	consider	T078	C0750591
28232316	391	402	alternative	T077	C1523987
28232316	403	415	explanations	T170	C0681841
28232316	420	426	review	T078	C1552617
28232316	431	436	logic	T078	C0023963
28232316	441	449	evidence	T078	C3887511
28232316	465	470	major	T080	C0205164
28232316	471	481	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
28232316	490	500	functional	T169	C0205245
28232316	501	513	significance	T078	C0750502
28232316	517	525	marginal	T082	C0205284
28232316	526	531	teeth	T002	C0242724
28232316	543	551	putative	T078	C0750591
28232316	552	559	effects	T080	C1280500
28232316	567	571	leaf	T002	C0242724
28232316	572	579	cooling	T070	C0678568
28232316	585	592	optimal	T080	C2698651
28232316	619	624	areas	T082	C0205146
28232316	635	640	major	T080	C0205164
28232316	641	646	veins	T023	C0042449
28232316	652	660	enhanced	T081	C0205217
28232316	661	665	leaf	T002	C0242724
28232316	668	674	margin	T082	C0205284
28232316	675	689	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
28232316	695	714	hydathodal function	T043	C0007613
28232316	720	727	defense	T077	C1880266
28232316	728	735	against	T080	C0521124
28232316	736	746	herbivores	T008	C0562691
28232316	756	759	bud	T002	C2700462
28232316	760	767	packing	T052	C2828395
28232316	769	780	Theoretical	T078	C0871935
28232316	785	794	empirical	T080	C1880496
28232316	795	803	problems	T033	C0033213
28232316	818	828	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
28232316	829	835	except	T169	C0332300
28232316	840	865	support-supply hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28232316	886	893	thinner	T080	C0205168
28232316	894	900	leaves	T002	C0242724
28232316	913	923	non-entire	T080	C0205556
28232316	924	931	margins	T082	C0205284
28232316	933	949	Phylogenetically	T078	C0871077
28232316	950	969	structured analyses	T062	C0936012
28232316	977	988	angiosperms	T002	C0330208
28232316	994	1003	El Yunque	UnknownType	C0681784
28232316	1004	1009	flora	T033	C0314761
28232316	1019	1024	genus	T185	C1708235
28232316	1025	1033	Viburnum	T002	C0969714
28232316	1055	1065	non-entire	T080	C0205556
28232316	1066	1073	margins	T082	C0205284
28232316	1078	1084	indeed	T080	C2984081
28232316	1090	1096	common	T081	C0205214
28232316	1100	1107	thinner	T080	C0205168
28232316	1108	1114	leaves	T002	C0242724
28232316	1123	1134	angiosperms	T002	C0330208
28232316	1140	1151	association	T078	C0750490
28232316	1155	1159	leaf	T002	C0242724
28232316	1160	1169	thickness	T080	C1280412
28232316	1175	1185	non-entire	T080	C0205556
28232316	1186	1190	leaf	T002	C0242724
28232316	1191	1198	margins	T082	C0205284
28232316	1202	1210	stronger	T080	C0442821
28232316	1224	1232	latitude	T081	C1627936
28232316	1237	1244	outline	T170	C0600661
28232316	1247	1262	synthetic model	T170	C3161035
28232316	1275	1287	biomechanics	T091	C0005537
28232316	1289	1299	hydraulics	T090	C1518533
28232316	1301	1305	vein	T023	C0042449
28232316	1306	1314	geometry	T090	C0449829
28232316	1316	1321	rates	T079	C0449249
28232316	1325	1329	leaf	T002	C0242724
28232316	1330	1339	expansion	T043	C0007595
28232316	1355	1366	development	T169	C1527148
28232316	1374	1381	resting	T033	C0679218
28232316	1382	1386	buds	T002	C2700462
28232316	1400	1404	leaf	T002	C0242724
28232316	1405	1414	thickness	T080	C1280412
28232316	1416	1421	drive	T033	C1287104
28232316	1422	1430	patterns	T082	C0449774
28232316	1438	1450	distribution	T082	C0037775
28232316	1454	1460	entire	T081	C0439751
28232316	1465	1475	non-entire	T080	C0205556
28232316	1476	1480	leaf	T002	C0242724
28232316	1481	1488	margins	T082	C0205284
28232316	1494	1499	model	T170	C3161035
28232316	1513	1522	dominance	T078	C0870441
28232316	1526	1532	entire	T081	C0439751
28232316	1533	1540	margins	T082	C0205284
28232316	1548	1555	tropics	UnknownType	C0681784
28232316	1557	1576	Mediterranean scrub	T083	C0282645
28232316	1582	1588	tundra	T083	C3850151
28232316	1590	1600	non-entire	T080	C0205556
28232316	1601	1608	margins	T082	C0205284
28232316	1612	1626	cold temperate	T070	C0009264
28232316	1627	1644	deciduous forests	T070	C0086312
28232316	1649	1657	tropical	UnknownType	C0681784
28232316	1658	1663	vines	T002	C0330100
28232316	1668	1692	early-successional trees	T002	C0040811
28232316	1698	1704	entire	T081	C0439751
28232316	1705	1709	leaf	T002	C0242724
28232316	1710	1717	margins	T082	C0205284
28232316	1721	1729	monocots	T002	C0331451
28232316	1731	1753	Spinose-toothed leaves	T002	C0242724
28232316	1775	1789	short-statured	T033	C0349588
28232316	1790	1805	evergreen trees	T002	C0040811
28232316	1810	1816	shrubs	T002	C0446286
28232316	1831	1850	Mediterranean scrub	T083	C0282645
28232316	1863	1880	semiarid habitats	T082	C0871648

28232384|t|The E3 Ligase CHIP Mediates p21 Degradation to Maintain Radioresistance
28232384|a|Lung cancer resists radiotherapy, making it one of the deadliest forms of cancer. Here, we show that human lung cancer cell lines can be rendered sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR) by RNAi knockdown of C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP / STUB1), a U-box-type E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets a number of stress-induced proteins. Mechanistically, ubiquitin-dependent degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, p21 protein, is reduced by CHIP knockdown, leading to enhanced senescence of cells in response to exposure to IR. Cellular senescence and sensitivity to IR is prevented by CRISPR / Cas9 -mediated deletion of the p21 gene (CDKN1A) in CHIP knockdown cells. Conversely, overexpression of CHIP potentiates p21 degradation and promotes greater radioresistance of lung cancer cells. In vitro and cell -based assays demonstrate that p21 is a novel and direct ubiquitylation substrate of CHIP that also requires the CHIP - associated chaperone HSP70. These data reveal that the inhibition of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP promotes radiosensitivity, thus suggesting a novel strategy for the treatment of lung cancer. Implications: The CHIP - HSP70 - p21 ubiquitylation / degradation axis identified here could be exploited to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 1-9. ©2017 AACR.
28232384	4	18	E3 Ligase CHIP	T116,T126	C1172009
28232384	28	31	p21	T116,T123	C0919418
28232384	32	43	Degradation	T169	C0243125
28232384	47	55	Maintain	T052	C0024501
28232384	56	71	Radioresistance	T077	C3890377
28232384	72	83	Lung cancer	T191	C0684249
28232384	84	91	resists	T169	C4281815
28232384	92	104	radiotherapy	T060	C0948315
28232384	146	152	cancer	T191	C0006826
28232384	173	178	human	T016	C0086418
28232384	179	190	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
28232384	191	201	cell lines	T025	C0007600
28232384	218	227	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28232384	231	249	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
28232384	251	253	IR	T070	C0034538
28232384	258	262	RNAi	T045	C1136031
28232384	263	272	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28232384	276	315	C-terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein	T116,T126	C1172009
28232384	317	321	CHIP	T116,T126	C1172009
28232384	324	329	STUB1	T116,T126	C1172009
28232384	334	364	U-box-type E3 ubiquitin ligase	T116,T126	C0077678
28232384	370	377	targets	T169	C1521840
28232384	390	413	stress-induced proteins	T116,T123	C1336511
28232384	432	463	ubiquitin-dependent degradation	T044	C1157991
28232384	471	523	cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, p21 protein	T116,T123	C0919418
28232384	528	535	reduced	T080	C0392756
28232384	539	543	CHIP	T028	C1420492
28232384	544	553	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28232384	575	594	senescence of cells	T043	C0007581
28232384	598	606	response	T032	C0871261
28232384	610	624	exposure to IR	T037	C0479513
28232384	626	645	Cellular senescence	T043	C0007581
28232384	650	661	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28232384	665	667	IR	T070	C0034538
28232384	671	680	prevented	T169	C1292733
28232384	684	690	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
28232384	693	697	Cas9	T116	C3658265
28232384	708	716	deletion	T045	C0017260
28232384	724	732	p21 gene	T028	C0249197
28232384	734	740	CDKN1A	T028	C0249197
28232384	745	749	CHIP	T028	C1420492
28232384	750	759	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28232384	760	765	cells	T025	C0007634
28232384	779	793	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28232384	797	801	CHIP	T116,T126	C1172009
28232384	802	813	potentiates	T080	C0442803
28232384	814	817	p21	T116,T123	C0919418
28232384	818	829	degradation	T169	C0243125
28232384	834	842	promotes	T052	C0033414
28232384	843	850	greater	T081	C1704243
28232384	851	866	radioresistance	T077	C3890377
28232384	870	881	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
28232384	882	887	cells	T025	C0007634
28232384	889	897	In vitro	T080	C1533691
28232384	902	906	cell	T025	C0007634
28232384	914	920	assays	T059	C0005507
28232384	938	941	p21	T116,T123	C0919418
28232384	947	952	novel	T080	C0205314
28232384	964	978	ubiquitylation	T044	C1519751
28232384	979	988	substrate	T167	C3891814
28232384	992	996	CHIP	T116,T126	C1172009
28232384	1020	1024	CHIP	T116,T126	C1172009
28232384	1027	1037	associated	T080	C0332281
28232384	1038	1047	chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
28232384	1048	1053	HSP70	T116,T123	C0243043
28232384	1061	1065	data	T078	C1511726
28232384	1066	1072	reveal	T080	C0443289
28232384	1082	1092	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28232384	1100	1124	E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP	T116,T126	C1172009
28232384	1125	1133	promotes	T052	C0033414
28232384	1134	1150	radiosensitivity	T032	C0034537
28232384	1193	1202	treatment	T061	C0087111
28232384	1206	1217	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
28232384	1219	1231	Implications	T078	C1707478
28232384	1237	1241	CHIP	T116,T126	C1172009
28232384	1244	1249	HSP70	T116,T123	C0243043
28232384	1252	1255	p21	T116,T123	C0919418
28232384	1256	1270	ubiquitylation	T044	C1519751
28232384	1273	1284	degradation	T169	C0243125
28232384	1285	1289	axis	T082	C1522496
28232384	1290	1300	identified	T080	C0205396
28232384	1315	1324	exploited	T169	C0457083
28232384	1340	1348	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28232384	1352	1364	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28232384	1368	1376	patients	T101	C0030705
28232384	1382	1408	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131

28232582|t|PUMILIO / FOXP1 signaling drives expansion of hematopoietic stem/progenitor and leukemia cells
28232582|a|RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged as important regulators of invertebrate adult stem cells, but their activities remain poorly appreciated in mammals. Using a short hairpin RNA strategy, we demonstrate here that the 2 mammalian RBPs, PUMILIO (PUM)1 and PUM2, members of the PUF family of posttranscriptional regulators, are essential for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation and survival in vitro and in vivo upon reconstitution assays. Moreover, we found that PUM1 / 2 sustain myeloid leukemic cell growth. Through a proteomic approach, we identified the FOXP1 transcription factor as a new target of PUM1 / 2. Contrary to its canonical repressive activity, PUM1 / 2 rather promote FOXP1 expression by a direct binding to 2 canonical PUM responsive elements present in the FOXP1 - 3' untranslated region (UTR). Expression of FOXP1 strongly correlates with PUM1 and PUM2 levels in primary HSPCs and myeloid leukemia cells. We demonstrate that FOXP1 by itself supports HSPC and leukemic cell growth, thus mimicking PUM activities. Mechanistically, FOXP1 represses the expression of the p21(-CIP1) and p27(-KIP1) cell cycle inhibitors. Enforced FOXP1 expression reverses shPUM antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities. Altogether, our results reveal a novel regulatory pathway, underscoring a previously unknown and interconnected key role of PUM1 / 2 and FOXP1 in regulating normal HSPC and leukemic cell growth.
28232582	0	7	PUMILIO	T116,T123	C1144521
28232582	10	15	FOXP1	T116,T123	C1450221
28232582	16	25	signaling	T038	C3537152
28232582	33	42	expansion	T043	C0007595
28232582	46	75	hematopoietic stem/progenitor	T025	C0018956
28232582	80	88	leukemia	T191	C0023418
28232582	89	94	cells	T025	C0007634
28232582	95	115	RNA-binding proteins	T116,T123	C0085177
28232582	117	121	RBPs	T116,T123	C0085177
28232582	163	175	invertebrate	T204	C0021948
28232582	176	192	adult stem cells	T025	C1171322
28232582	222	228	poorly	T080	C0205169
28232582	244	251	mammals	T015	C0024660
28232582	261	278	short hairpin RNA	T114	C2930586
28232582	279	287	strategy	T041	C0679199
28232582	320	329	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28232582	330	334	RBPs	T116,T123	C0085177
28232582	336	343	PUMILIO	T116,T123	C1144521
28232582	345	350	PUM)1	T116,T123	C1174251
28232582	355	359	PUM2	T116	C1174252
28232582	376	386	PUF family	T116,T123	C0085177
28232582	390	420	posttranscriptional regulators	T045	C2611903
28232582	440	495	hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) proliferation	T043	C2754627
28232582	500	508	survival	T169	C0220921
28232582	509	517	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28232582	522	529	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28232582	535	556	reconstitution assays	T059	C0005507
28232582	582	586	PUM1	T116,T123	C1174251
28232582	589	590	2	T116	C1174252
28232582	599	615	myeloid leukemic	T191	C0023470
28232582	616	627	cell growth	T043	C0007595
28232582	639	648	proteomic	T091	C0872252
28232582	677	682	FOXP1	T028	C1414688
28232582	683	703	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28232582	713	719	target	T169	C1521840
28232582	723	727	PUM1	T116,T123	C1174251
28232582	730	731	2	T116	C1174252
28232582	759	778	repressive activity	T045	C0920533
28232582	780	784	PUM1	T116,T123	C1174251
28232582	787	788	2	T116	C1174252
28232582	804	809	FOXP1	T028	C1414688
28232582	810	820	expression	T045	C0017262
28232582	833	840	binding	T044	C1167622
28232582	856	859	PUM	T116,T123	C1144521
28232582	860	879	responsive elements	T114,T123	C0600508
28232582	895	900	FOXP1	T028	C1414688
28232582	903	925	3' untranslated region	T086,T123	C0600600
28232582	927	930	UTR	T114	C0600680
28232582	933	943	Expression	T045	C0017262
28232582	947	952	FOXP1	T116,T123	C1450221
28232582	978	982	PUM1	T116,T123	C1174251
28232582	987	991	PUM2	T116	C1174252
28232582	1010	1015	HSPCs	T025	C0018956
28232582	1020	1036	myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023470
28232582	1037	1042	cells	T025	C0007634
28232582	1064	1069	FOXP1	T116,T123	C1450221
28232582	1089	1093	HSPC	T025	C0018956
28232582	1098	1106	leukemic	T191	C0023470
28232582	1107	1118	cell growth	T043	C0007595
28232582	1135	1138	PUM	T116,T123	C1144521
28232582	1168	1173	FOXP1	T116,T123	C1450221
28232582	1188	1198	expression	T045	C1171362
28232582	1206	1216	p21(-CIP1)	T116,T123	C0288472
28232582	1221	1231	p27(-KIP1)	T116,T123	C0169665
28232582	1232	1242	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
28232582	1243	1253	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28232582	1264	1269	FOXP1	T028	C1414688
28232582	1270	1280	expression	T045	C0017262
28232582	1290	1295	shPUM	T116,T123	C1144521
28232582	1376	1381	novel	T080	C0205314
28232582	1382	1400	regulatory pathway	T169	C1514829
28232582	1467	1471	PUM1	T116,T123	C1174251
28232582	1474	1475	2	T116	C1174252
28232582	1480	1485	FOXP1	T116,T123	C1450221
28232582	1507	1511	HSPC	T025	C0018956
28232582	1516	1524	leukemic	T191	C0023418
28232582	1525	1536	cell growth	T043	C0007595

28232924|t|Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia and Vitiligo: Coexistence or True Association?
28232924|a|Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a primary lymphocytic cicatricial alopecia characterized by a progressive band-like recession of the frontotemporal hairline and frequent loss of the eyebrows. It predominantly affects postmenopausal women. Coexistence of FFA and vitiligo is rarely reported in the literature. We retrospectively studied 20 cases diagnosed with FFA in a 14- month period in our Department. Among them, there were 2 cases, a 72-year-old woman and a 48-year-old man, who developed FFA on preexisting vitiligo of the forehead. Anatomical colocalization of the two dermatoses supports the notion that a causal link may exist and their association may not be coincidental. We suggest that interrelated immunologic events and pathologic processes may underlie both these skin conditions.
28232924	0	26	Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia	T047	C4255374
28232924	31	39	Vitiligo	T047	C0042900
28232924	41	52	Coexistence	T046	C0243085
28232924	56	60	True	T080	C0205238
28232924	61	72	Association	T080	C0439849
28232924	74	100	Frontal fibrosing alopecia	T047	C4255374
28232924	102	105	FFA	T047	C4255374
28232924	112	119	primary	T080	C0205225
28232924	120	131	lymphocytic	T025	C0024264
28232924	132	152	cicatricial alopecia	T047	C0086873
28232924	153	166	characterized	T052	C1880022
28232924	172	183	progressive	T169	C0205329
28232924	184	193	band-like	T082	C0439645
28232924	194	203	recession	T190	C0333047
28232924	211	234	frontotemporal hairline	T029	C4250606
28232924	239	247	frequent	T079	C0332183
28232924	248	252	loss	T081	C1517945
28232924	260	268	eyebrows	T023	C0015420
28232924	273	286	predominantly	T080	C1542147
28232924	287	294	affects	T041	C0001721
28232924	295	315	postmenopausal women	T040	C0206159
28232924	317	328	Coexistence	T046	C0243085
28232924	332	335	FFA	T047	C4255374
28232924	340	348	vitiligo	T047	C0042900
28232924	352	358	rarely	T033	C3843682
28232924	359	367	reported	T170	C0684224
28232924	375	385	literature	T170	C0023866
28232924	390	413	retrospectively studied	T062	C0035363
28232924	417	422	cases	T077	C1706256
28232924	423	432	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28232924	438	441	FFA	T047	C4255374
28232924	451	456	month	T079	C0439231
28232924	457	463	period	T079	C1948053
28232924	471	481	Department	T082	C1547116
28232924	508	513	cases	T077	C1706256
28232924	529	534	woman	T098	C0043210
28232924	553	556	man	T098	C0025266
28232924	572	575	FFA	T047	C4255374
28232924	579	590	preexisting	T080	C2347662
28232924	591	599	vitiligo	T047	C0042900
28232924	607	615	forehead	T029	C0016540
28232924	617	627	Anatomical	T080	C0220784
28232924	628	642	colocalization	T169	C0475264
28232924	654	664	dermatoses	T047	C0037274
28232924	665	673	supports	T077	C1521721
28232924	699	703	link	T080	C0439849
28232924	708	713	exist	T077	C2987476
28232924	724	735	association	T080	C0439849
28232924	747	759	coincidental	T079	C0205420
28232924	790	801	immunologic	T169	C0205470
28232924	802	808	events	T051	C0441471
28232924	813	833	pathologic processes	T046	C0030660
28232924	838	846	underlie	T169	C2587213
28232924	858	873	skin conditions	T047	C0037274

28233467|t|Autonomic, functional, skeletal muscle, and cardiac abnormalities are associated with increased ergoreflex sensitivity in mitochondrial disease
28233467|a|Mitochondrial disease (MD) is a genetic disorder affecting skeletal muscles, with possible myocardial disease. The ergoreflex, sensitive to skeletal muscle work, regulates ventilatory and autonomic responses to exercise. We hypothesized the presence of an increased ergoreflex sensitivity in MD patients, its association with abnormal ventilatory and autonomic responses, and possibly with subclinical cardiac involvement. Twenty-five MD patients (aged 46 ± 3 years, 32% male) with skeletal myopathy but without known cardiac disease, underwent a thorough evaluation including BNPs, galectin-3, soluble suppression of tumorigenesis 2 (sST2), high sensitivity troponin T/I, catecholamines, ECG, 24-h ECG recording, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography, cardiac/muscle magnetic resonance (C/MMR), and ergoreflex assessment. Thirteen age- and sex-matched healthy controls were chosen. Among these myopathic patients, subclinical cardiac damage was detected in up to 80%, with 44% showing fibrosis at CMR. Ergoreflex sensitivity was markedly higher in patients than in controls (64% vs. 37%, P < 0.001), and correlated with muscle fat to water ratio and extracellular volume at MMR (both P < 0.05). Among patients, ergoreflex sensitivity was higher in those with cardiac involvement (P = 0.034). Patients showed a lower peak oxygen consumption (VO2 /kg) than controls (P < 0.001), as well as ventilatory inefficiency (P = 0.024). Ergoreflex sensitivity correlated with reduced workload and peak VO2 /kg (both P < 0.001), and several indicators of autonomic imbalance (P < 0.05). Plasma norepinephrine was the unique predictor of myocardial fibrosis at univariate analysis (P < 0.05). Skeletal myopathy in MD is characterized by enhanced ergoreflex sensitivity, which is associated with a higher incidence of cardiac involvement, exercise intolerance, and sympathetic activation.
28233467	0	9	Autonomic	T033	C1837624
28233467	11	21	functional	T190	C0302142
28233467	23	38	skeletal muscle	T190	C0302142
28233467	44	65	cardiac abnormalities	T019	C0018798
28233467	70	85	associated with	T080	C0332281
28233467	86	95	increased	T081	C0205217
28233467	96	118	ergoreflex sensitivity	T033	C0243095
28233467	122	143	mitochondrial disease	T047	C0751651
28233467	144	165	Mitochondrial disease	T047	C0751651
28233467	167	169	MD	T047	C0751651
28233467	176	192	genetic disorder	T047	C0019247
28233467	203	219	skeletal muscles	T024	C0242692
28233467	235	253	myocardial disease	T047	C0878544
28233467	259	269	ergoreflex	T042	C0034929
28233467	284	299	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28233467	300	304	work	T042	C1254358
28233467	306	315	regulates	T038	C1327622
28233467	316	327	ventilatory	T201	C1321070
28233467	332	351	autonomic responses	T042	C1254358
28233467	355	363	exercise	T056	C0015259
28233467	400	409	increased	T081	C0205217
28233467	410	432	ergoreflex sensitivity	T033	C0243095
28233467	436	438	MD	T047	C0751651
28233467	439	447	patients	T101	C0030705
28233467	453	469	association with	T080	C0332281
28233467	470	478	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28233467	479	490	ventilatory	T201	C1321070
28233467	495	514	autonomic responses	T042	C1254358
28233467	534	565	subclinical cardiac involvement	T033	C0243095
28233467	579	581	MD	T047	C0751651
28233467	582	590	patients	T101	C0030705
28233467	604	609	years	T079	C1510829
28233467	615	619	male	T098	C0025266
28233467	626	643	skeletal myopathy	T047	C1533847
28233467	662	677	cardiac disease	T047	C0018799
28233467	700	710	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28233467	721	725	BNPs	T059	C1095989
28233467	727	737	galectin-3	T059	C3496493
28233467	739	758	soluble suppression	T059	C0201782
28233467	762	777	tumorigenesis 2	T191	C0007621
28233467	779	783	sST2	T059	C0201782
28233467	786	790	high	T080	C0205250
28233467	791	802	sensitivity	T081	C0392762
28233467	803	815	troponin T/I	T059	C0523952
28233467	817	831	catecholamines	T059	C0546632
28233467	833	836	ECG	T033	C0013798
28233467	838	856	24-h ECG recording	T033	C0013798
28233467	858	890	cardiopulmonary exercise testing	T060	C2959886
28233467	892	908	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
28233467	910	943	cardiac/muscle magnetic resonance	T060	C0024485
28233467	945	950	C/MMR	T060	C0024485
28233467	957	978	ergoreflex assessment	T058	C0220825
28233467	989	1026	age- and sex-matched healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28233467	1052	1061	myopathic	T047	C0026848
28233467	1062	1070	patients	T101	C0030705
28233467	1072	1098	subclinical cardiac damage	T033	C0243095
28233467	1103	1111	detected	T033	C0442726
28233467	1143	1151	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28233467	1155	1158	CMR	T060	C0024485
28233467	1160	1182	Ergoreflex sensitivity	T033	C0243095
28233467	1206	1214	patients	T101	C0030705
28233467	1223	1231	controls	T096	C0009932
28233467	1278	1303	muscle fat to water ratio	T081	C0392762
28233467	1308	1321	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28233467	1322	1328	volume	T081	C0449468
28233467	1332	1335	MMR	T060	C0024485
28233467	1359	1367	patients	T101	C0030705
28233467	1369	1391	ergoreflex sensitivity	T033	C0243095
28233467	1417	1436	cardiac involvement	T033	C0243095
28233467	1450	1458	Patients	T101	C0030705
28233467	1479	1497	oxygen consumption	T201	C0030055
28233467	1499	1502	VO2	T201	C0030055
28233467	1513	1521	controls	T096	C0009932
28233467	1546	1570	ventilatory inefficiency	T033	C3540840
28233467	1584	1606	Ergoreflex sensitivity	T033	C0243095
28233467	1631	1639	workload	T081	C0085122
28233467	1649	1652	VO2	T201	C0030055
28233467	1679	1686	several	T081	C0443302
28233467	1687	1697	indicators	T081	C0392762
28233467	1701	1720	autonomic imbalance	T047	C0262385
28233467	1733	1739	Plasma	T031	C0032105
28233467	1740	1754	norepinephrine	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28233467	1770	1779	predictor	T078	C2698872
28233467	1783	1802	myocardial fibrosis	T046	C0151654
28233467	1806	1825	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28233467	1838	1855	Skeletal myopathy	T047	C1533847
28233467	1859	1861	MD	T047	C0751651
28233467	1891	1913	ergoreflex sensitivity	T033	C0243095
28233467	1924	1939	associated with	T080	C0332281
28233467	1949	1958	incidence	T081	C0021149
28233467	1962	1981	cardiac involvement	T033	C0243095
28233467	1983	2003	exercise intolerance	T033	C0424551
28233467	2009	2031	sympathetic activation	T039	C1254359

28233508|t|Viral Vector Biosafety in Laboratory Animal Research
28233508|a|Viral vector research presents unique occupational health and safety challenges to institutions due to the rapid development ofboth in vivo and in vitro gene-editing technologies. Risks to human and animal health make it incumbent on institutions to appropriately evaluate viral vector usage in research on the basis of available information and governmental regulations and guidelines .Here we review the factors related to risk assessment regarding viral vector usage in animals and the relevant regulatory documents associated with this research, and we highlight the most commonly used viral vectors in research today. This review is particularly focused on the background, use in research and associated health and environmental risks related to adenoviral, adeno-associated viral, lentiviral, and herpesviral vectors.
28233508	0	12	Viral Vector	T121	C1520007
28233508	13	22	Biosafety	T170	C1443933
28233508	26	52	Laboratory Animal Research	T062	C0003048
28233508	53	65	Viral vector	T121	C1520007
28233508	66	74	research	T062	C0035168
28233508	75	83	presents	T078	C0449450
28233508	84	90	unique	T080	C1710548
28233508	91	110	occupational health	T091	C0079920
28233508	115	121	safety	T068	C0036043
28233508	122	132	challenges	T058	C0805586
28233508	136	148	institutions	T093	C2607850
28233508	160	165	rapid	T080	C0456962
28233508	166	177	development	T169	C1527148
28233508	185	192	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28233508	197	205	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28233508	206	231	gene-editing technologies	T063	C4277689
28233508	233	238	Risks	T078	C0035647
28233508	242	247	human	T016	C0086418
28233508	252	258	animal	T008	C0003062
28233508	259	265	health	T078	C0018684
28233508	274	283	incumbent	T080	C3898777
28233508	287	299	institutions	T093	C2607850
28233508	303	316	appropriately	T080	C1548787
28233508	317	325	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28233508	326	338	viral vector	T121	C1520007
28233508	339	344	usage	T169	C0457083
28233508	348	356	research	T062	C0035168
28233508	364	369	basis	T169	C1527178
28233508	373	382	available	T169	C0470187
28233508	383	394	information	T078	C1533716
28233508	399	423	governmental regulations	T064	C0034982
28233508	428	438	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28233508	448	454	review	T078	C1552617
28233508	459	466	factors	T169	C1521761
28233508	478	493	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
28233508	504	516	viral vector	T121	C1520007
28233508	517	522	usage	T169	C0457083
28233508	526	533	animals	T008	C0003062
28233508	542	550	relevant	T080	C2347946
28233508	551	571	regulatory documents	T170	C1301746
28233508	572	587	associated with	T080	C0332281
28233508	593	601	research	T062	C0035168
28233508	624	628	most	T081	C0205393
28233508	629	637	commonly	T081	C0205214
28233508	643	656	viral vectors	T121	C1520007
28233508	660	668	research	T062	C0035168
28233508	681	687	review	T078	C1552617
28233508	691	703	particularly	T080	C0205369
28233508	704	711	focused	T169	C1285542
28233508	719	729	background	T077	C1706907
28233508	738	746	research	T062	C0035168
28233508	751	761	associated	T080	C0332281
28233508	762	768	health	T078	C0018684
28233508	773	792	environmental risks	T080	C0686732
28233508	793	800	related	T080	C0439849
28233508	804	814	adenoviral	T005	C0001483
28233508	816	838	adeno-associated viral	T005	C1564874
28233508	840	850	lentiviral	T005	C0079679
28233508	856	867	herpesviral	T005	C0019369
28233508	868	875	vectors	T121	C1520007

28233591|t|Vessel-sparing Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer to Preserve Erectile Function: A Single-arm Phase 2 Trial
28233591|a|Erectile dysfunction remains the most common side effect from radical treatment of localized prostate cancer. We hypothesized that the use of vessel-sparing radiotherapy, analogous to the functional anatomy approach of nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy (RP), would improve erectile function preservation while maintaining tumor control for men with localized prostate cancer. To determine erectile function rates after vessel-sparing radiotherapy. Men with localized prostate cancer were enrolled in a phase 2 single-arm trial (NCT02958787) at a single academic center. Patients received vessel-sparing radiotherapy utilizing a planning MRI and MRI - angiogram to delineate and avoid the erectile vasculature. Both physician - and patient -reported inventories were used to capture erectile function at baseline and at 2 and 5 yr after treatment. Validated model -based comparisons were performed to compare vessel-sparing results to nerve-sparing RP and conventional radiotherapy. From 2001 to 2009, 135 men underwent vessel-sparing radiotherapy. After a planned interim analysis, the trial was stopped after meeting the primary endpoint. The median follow-up was 8.7 yr, with a ≥94% response rate to all inventories at each time point. At 5 yr, 88% of patients were sexually active with or without the use of sexual aids. The 2-yr erectile function rates were significantly improved with vessel-sparing radiotherapy (78%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 71-85%) compared to modeled rates for convention radiotherapy (42%, 95% CI 38-45%; p<0.001) or nerve-sparing prostatectomy (24%, 95% CI 22-27%; p<0.001). At 2 yr after treatment, 87% of baseline-potent men retained erections suitable for intercourse. The 5- and 10-yr rates of biochemical relapse-free survival were 99.3% and 89.9%, and at 5 yr the biochemical failures were limited to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network high-risk group. The single-arm design is a limitation. Vessel-sparing radiotherapy appears to more effectively preserve erectile function when compared to historical series and model -predicted outcomes following nerve-sparing RP or conventional radiotherapy, with maintenance of tumor control. This approach warrants independent validation. In this interim analysis we looked at using a novel approach to spare critical erectile structures to preserve erectile function after prostate cancer radiotherapy. We found that almost 90% of patients at 5 yr after treatment remained sexually active, significantly higher than previous studies with surgery or radiotherapy.
28233591	0	27	Vessel-sparing Radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	32	41	Localized	T082	C0392752
28233591	42	57	Prostate Cancer	T191	C0600139
28233591	61	69	Preserve	T169	C0728887
28233591	70	87	Erectile Function	T042	C0030847
28233591	91	115	Single-arm Phase 2 Trial	T062	C0008976
28233591	116	136	Erectile dysfunction	T047	C0242350
28233591	161	172	side effect	T046	C0879626
28233591	178	195	radical treatment	T061	C0194810
28233591	199	208	localized	T082	C0392752
28233591	209	224	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28233591	258	285	vessel-sparing radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	315	322	anatomy	T091	C0002808
28233591	335	370	nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy	T061	C1514120
28233591	372	374	RP	T061	C0194810
28233591	391	408	erectile function	T042	C0030847
28233591	409	421	preservation	T169	C0728887
28233591	440	453	tumor control	T033	C0475190
28233591	458	461	men	T098	C0025266
28233591	467	476	localized	T082	C0392752
28233591	477	492	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28233591	507	530	erectile function rates	T081	C0392762
28233591	537	564	vessel-sparing radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	566	569	Men	T098	C0025266
28233591	575	584	localized	T082	C0392752
28233591	585	600	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28233591	620	644	phase 2 single-arm trial	T062	C0008976
28233591	664	686	single academic center	T073,T093	C0000872
28233591	688	696	Patients	T101	C0030705
28233591	706	733	vessel-sparing radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	755	758	MRI	T060	C0024485
28233591	763	766	MRI	T060	C0024485
28233591	769	778	angiogram	T060	C0002978
28233591	806	814	erectile	T042	C0030847
28233591	815	826	vasculature	T017	C3714653
28233591	833	842	physician	T097	C0031831
28233591	849	856	patient	T101	C0030705
28233591	900	917	erectile function	T042	C0030847
28233591	921	929	baseline	T081	C1442488
28233591	954	963	treatment	T061	C0087111
28233591	965	980	Validated model	T170	C3161035
28233591	1026	1040	vessel-sparing	T061	C1522449
28233591	1052	1068	nerve-sparing RP	T061	C1514120
28233591	1073	1098	conventional radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	1123	1126	men	T098	C0025266
28233591	1137	1164	vessel-sparing radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	1182	1189	interim	T079	C2827738
28233591	1190	1198	analysis	T062	C0936012
28233591	1204	1209	trial	T062	C0008976
28233591	1269	1278	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28233591	1303	1316	response rate	T079	C0237629
28233591	1372	1380	patients	T101	C0030705
28233591	1386	1401	sexually active	T033	C0241028
28233591	1429	1440	sexual aids	T073	C3273359
28233591	1451	1474	erectile function rates	T081	C0392762
28233591	1508	1535	vessel-sparing radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	1546	1565	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28233591	1567	1569	CI	T081	C0009667
28233591	1609	1632	convention radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	1643	1645	CI	T081	C0009667
28233591	1666	1693	nerve-sparing prostatectomy	T061	C1514120
28233591	1704	1706	CI	T081	C0009667
28233591	1739	1748	treatment	T061	C0087111
28233591	1773	1776	men	T098	C0025266
28233591	1786	1795	erections	T042	C0030847
28233591	1809	1820	intercourse	T040	C0009253
28233591	1839	1881	rates of biochemical relapse-free survival	T081	C0392762
28233591	1920	1931	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28233591	1932	1940	failures	T169	C0231174
28233591	1961	1998	National Comprehensive Cancer Network	T093	C1513893
28233591	1999	2014	high-risk group	T098	C0684030
28233591	2055	2082	Vessel-sparing radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	2111	2119	preserve	T169	C0728887
28233591	2120	2137	erectile function	T042	C0030847
28233591	2177	2182	model	T170	C3161035
28233591	2213	2229	nerve-sparing RP	T061	C1514120
28233591	2233	2258	conventional radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	2280	2293	tumor control	T033	C0475190
28233591	2350	2357	interim	T079	C2827738
28233591	2358	2366	analysis	T062	C0936012
28233591	2421	2440	erectile structures	T023	C0458701
28233591	2444	2452	preserve	T169	C0728887
28233591	2453	2470	erectile function	T042	C0030847
28233591	2477	2492	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28233591	2493	2505	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28233591	2535	2543	patients	T101	C0030705
28233591	2558	2567	treatment	T061	C0087111
28233591	2577	2592	sexually active	T033	C0241028
28233591	2642	2649	surgery	T061	C0543467
28233591	2653	2665	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449

28233874|t|Comprehensive analysis of long non-coding RNAs highlights their spatio-temporal expression patterns and evolutional conservation in Sus scrofa
28233874|a|Despite modest sequence conservation and rapid evolution, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to be conserved in expression pattern and function. However, analysis of lncRNAs across tissues and developmental stages remains largely uncharacterized in mammals. Here, we systematically investigated the lncRNAs of the Guizhou miniature pig (Sus scrofa), which was widely used as biomedical model. We performed RNA sequencing across 9 organs and 3 developmental skeletal muscle, and developed a filtering pipeline to identify 10,813 lncRNAs (9,075 novel). Conservation patterns analysis revealed that 57% of pig lncRNAs showed homology to humans and mice based on genome alignment. 5,455 lncRNAs exhibited typical hallmarks of regulatory molecules, such as high spatio-temporal specificity. Notably, conserved lncRNAs exhibited higher tissue specificity than pig - specific lncRNAs and were significantly enriched in testis and ovary. Weighted co-expression network analysis revealed a set of conserved lncRNAs that are likely involved in postnatal muscle development. Based on the high degree of similarity in the structure, organization, and dynamic expression of pig lncRNAs compared with human and mouse lncRNAs, we propose that these lncRNAs play an important role in organ physiology and development in mammals. Our results provide a resource for studying animal evolution, morphological complexity, breeding, and biomedical research.
28233874	0	13	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28233874	14	22	analysis	T062	C0936012
28233874	26	30	long	T080	C0205166
28233874	31	46	non-coding RNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	64	79	spatio-temporal	T080	C0205556
28233874	80	99	expression patterns	T059,T063	C0752248
28233874	104	115	evolutional	T045	C0015219
28233874	116	128	conservation	T080	C2347858
28233874	132	142	Sus scrofa	T015	C1135183
28233874	158	166	sequence	T086	C0162327
28233874	167	179	conservation	T080	C2347858
28233874	184	189	rapid	T080	C0456962
28233874	190	199	evolution	T045	C0015219
28233874	201	205	long	T080	C0205166
28233874	206	221	non-coding RNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	223	230	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	245	254	conserved	T086	C0009802
28233874	258	276	expression pattern	T059,T063	C0752248
28233874	281	289	function	T039	C0031843
28233874	300	308	analysis	T062	C0936012
28233874	312	319	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	327	334	tissues	T024	C0040300
28233874	339	359	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
28233874	376	391	uncharacterized	T080	C0205556
28233874	395	402	mammals	T015	C0024660
28233874	413	427	systematically	T169	C0220922
28233874	428	440	investigated	T169	C1292732
28233874	445	452	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	460	467	Guizhou	T083	C0017446
28233874	468	481	miniature pig	T015	C0024660
28233874	483	493	Sus scrofa	T015	C1135183
28233874	521	537	biomedical model	T075	C0026339
28233874	542	551	performed	T169	C0884358
28233874	552	566	RNA sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
28233874	576	582	organs	T023	C0178784
28233874	589	602	developmental	T080	C0458003
28233874	603	618	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28233874	636	654	filtering pipeline	T170	C0025663
28233874	674	681	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	697	709	Conservation	T080	C2347858
28233874	710	727	patterns analysis	T059,T063	C0752248
28233874	728	736	revealed	T080	C0443289
28233874	749	752	pig	T015	C1135183
28233874	753	760	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	768	776	homology	T080	C2697616
28233874	780	786	humans	T016	C0086418
28233874	791	795	mice	T015	C0025929
28233874	805	821	genome alignment	T063	C0080143
28233874	829	836	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	855	864	hallmarks	T080	C0205556
28233874	868	878	regulatory	T077	C1704735
28233874	879	888	molecules	T167	C0567416
28233874	898	902	high	T080	C0205250
28233874	903	918	spatio-temporal	T080	C0205556
28233874	919	930	specificity	T081	C0037791
28233874	941	950	conserved	T086	C0009802
28233874	951	958	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	969	975	higher	T080	C0205250
28233874	976	994	tissue specificity	T042	C2713393
28233874	1000	1003	pig	T015	C1135183
28233874	1006	1014	specific	T080	C0205369
28233874	1015	1022	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	1032	1045	significantly	T078	C0750502
28233874	1058	1064	testis	T023	C0039597
28233874	1069	1074	ovary	T023	C0029939
28233874	1076	1084	Weighted	T170	C4291660
28233874	1085	1098	co-expression	T045	C0017262
28233874	1099	1115	network analysis	T170	C0868995
28233874	1116	1124	revealed	T080	C0443289
28233874	1134	1143	conserved	T086	C0009802
28233874	1144	1151	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	1168	1176	involved	T169	C1314939
28233874	1180	1189	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28233874	1190	1208	muscle development	T042	C0949649
28233874	1223	1227	high	T080	C0205250
28233874	1228	1234	degree	T081	C0449286
28233874	1238	1248	similarity	T080	C2348205
28233874	1256	1265	structure	T082	C0678594
28233874	1267	1279	organization	T039	C0029237
28233874	1285	1292	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28233874	1293	1303	expression	T045	C0017262
28233874	1307	1310	pig	T015	C1135183
28233874	1311	1318	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	1319	1327	compared	T052	C1707455
28233874	1333	1338	human	T016	C0086418
28233874	1343	1348	mouse	T015	C0025929
28233874	1349	1356	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	1380	1387	lncRNAs	T114	C0887909
28233874	1396	1405	important	T080	C3898777
28233874	1406	1410	role	T170	C3871154
28233874	1414	1419	organ	T023	C0178784
28233874	1420	1430	physiology	T091	C0031842
28233874	1435	1446	development	T038	C0242290
28233874	1450	1457	mammals	T015	C0024660
28233874	1463	1470	results	T033	C2825142
28233874	1471	1478	provide	T052	C1999230
28233874	1481	1489	resource	T078	C0178514
28233874	1494	1502	studying	T059	C0947630
28233874	1503	1509	animal	T008	C0003062
28233874	1510	1519	evolution	T045	C0015219
28233874	1521	1534	morphological	T082	C0543482
28233874	1547	1555	breeding	T040	C0178477
28233874	1561	1580	biomedical research	T062	C0005540

28234635|t|Liver Inflammation Relates to Decreased Canalicular Bile Transporter Expression in Pediatric Onset Intestinal Failure
28234635|a|Although liver disease is a major complication of parenteral nutrition (PN) for intestinal failure (IF), its pathogenesis remains unclear. We investigated potential molecular mechanisms of liver injury in pediatric onset IF. Liver expression of canalicular phospholipid (ABCB4), bile acid (ABCB11), and sterol (ABCG5/8) transporters, their upstream regulators LXR and FXR as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were investigated among patients with IF [age median 3.8 (IQR 1.2 to 11)] in relation to biochemical and histologic liver injury, PN, serum plant sterols, fibroblast growth factor 19, and α-tocopherol. Patients receiving PN currently (n = 18) showed more advanced liver injury than patients after weaning off PN (n = 30). Histologic portal inflammation strongly segregated PN - dependent (44%) from weaned off patients (3%, P = 0.001) and coupled with progression of cholestasis and liver fibrosis. Patients with portal inflammation demonstrated markedly induced liver RNA expression of IL6 and TNF, repression of FXR and its canalicular bile transporter target gene RNA expression, including ABCB4 and ABCB11 as well as decreased protein expression of ABCB11 and ABCB4. Furthermore, upregulation of LXR and ABCG5/8 RNA expression was suppressed in patients with portal inflammation. Current PN, increased serum levels of plant sterols stigmasterol, avenasterol, and sitosterol along with serum citrulline, a marker of enterocyte mass, predicted portal inflammation. In pediatric onset IF, current PN delivery synergistically with intestinal compromise promote liver inflammation, which associates with progression of biochemical and histologic liver injury, while reducing expression of canalicular bile transporters.
28234635	0	18	Liver Inflammation	T047	C0019158
28234635	30	39	Decreased	T081	C0205216
28234635	40	51	Canalicular	T023	C0005393
28234635	52	68	Bile Transporter	T116,T123	C0618375
28234635	69	79	Expression	T045	C1171362
28234635	83	92	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
28234635	93	98	Onset	T081	C0206132
28234635	99	117	Intestinal Failure	T047	C0012634
28234635	127	140	liver disease	T047	C0023895
28234635	152	164	complication	T046	C0009566
28234635	168	188	parenteral nutrition	T061	C0030547
28234635	190	192	PN	T061	C0030547
28234635	198	216	intestinal failure	T047	C0012634
28234635	218	220	IF	T047	C0012634
28234635	227	239	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28234635	260	272	investigated	T169	C1292732
28234635	283	292	molecular	T080	C1521991
28234635	293	303	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28234635	307	319	liver injury	T037	C0160390
28234635	323	332	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28234635	333	338	onset	T081	C0206132
28234635	339	341	IF	T047	C0012634
28234635	343	348	Liver	T023	C0023884
28234635	349	359	expression	T045	C1171362
28234635	363	374	canalicular	T023	C0005393
28234635	375	387	phospholipid	T109,T123	C0031676
28234635	389	394	ABCB4	T116,T123	C1260069
28234635	397	406	bile acid	T109,T123	C0005390
28234635	408	414	ABCB11	T116,T123	C1313221
28234635	421	427	sterol	T109	C0038323
28234635	429	436	ABCG5/8	T116,T123	C0971221
28234635	438	450	transporters	T116,T123	C0007292
28234635	458	477	upstream regulators	T116,T123	C0033684
28234635	478	481	LXR	T116,T192	C4277606
28234635	486	489	FXR	T116,T192	C1173940
28234635	501	527	pro-inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28234635	528	541	interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28234635	543	546	IL6	T116,T129	C0021760
28234635	552	573	tumor necrosis factor	T116,T129	C0041368
28234635	575	578	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
28234635	585	597	investigated	T169	C1292732
28234635	604	612	patients	T101	C0030705
28234635	618	620	IF	T047	C0012634
28234635	622	625	age	T032	C0001779
28234635	638	641	IQR	T081	C1711350
28234635	669	680	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28234635	685	695	histologic	T169	C0205462
28234635	696	708	liver injury	T037	C0160390
28234635	710	712	PN	T061	C0030547
28234635	714	719	serum	T031	C0229671
28234635	720	733	plant sterols	T109,T121,T123	C0031866
28234635	735	762	fibroblast growth factor 19	T116,T123	C1431711
28234635	768	780	α-tocopherol	T109,T121,T127	C0969677
28234635	782	790	Patients	T101	C0030705
28234635	801	803	PN	T061	C0030547
28234635	844	856	liver injury	T037	C0160390
28234635	862	870	patients	T101	C0030705
28234635	877	884	weaning	T033	C0043084
28234635	889	891	PN	T061	C0030547
28234635	902	912	Histologic	T169	C0205462
28234635	913	932	portal inflammation	T033	C2748698
28234635	953	955	PN	T061	C0030547
28234635	958	967	dependent	T169	C3244310
28234635	979	985	weaned	T033	C0043084
28234635	990	998	patients	T101	C0030705
28234635	1032	1043	progression	T046	C0242656
28234635	1047	1058	cholestasis	T047	C0008370
28234635	1063	1077	liver fibrosis	T047	C0239946
28234635	1079	1087	Patients	T101	C0030705
28234635	1093	1112	portal inflammation	T033	C2748698
28234635	1143	1148	liver	T023	C0023884
28234635	1149	1163	RNA expression	T045	C0040649
28234635	1167	1170	IL6	T028	C1334122
28234635	1175	1178	TNF	T028	C0812246
28234635	1180	1190	repression	T045	C0920533
28234635	1194	1197	FXR	T116,T192	C1173940
28234635	1206	1217	canalicular	T023	C0005393
28234635	1218	1234	bile transporter	T116,T123	C0618375
28234635	1242	1246	gene	T028	C0017337
28234635	1247	1261	RNA expression	T045	C0040649
28234635	1273	1278	ABCB4	T028	C1412071
28234635	1283	1289	ABCB11	T028	C1412070
28234635	1301	1310	decreased	T081	C0205216
28234635	1311	1329	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28234635	1333	1339	ABCB11	T116,T123	C1313221
28234635	1344	1349	ABCB4	T116,T123	C1260069
28234635	1364	1376	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28234635	1380	1383	LXR	T116,T192	C4277606
28234635	1388	1395	ABCG5/8	T028	C1422255
28234635	1396	1410	RNA expression	T045	C0040649
28234635	1415	1425	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28234635	1429	1437	patients	T101	C0030705
28234635	1443	1462	portal inflammation	T033	C2748698
28234635	1472	1474	PN	T061	C0030547
28234635	1476	1485	increased	T081	C0205217
28234635	1486	1491	serum	T031	C0229671
28234635	1492	1498	levels	T080	C0441889
28234635	1502	1515	plant sterols	T109,T121,T123	C0031866
28234635	1516	1528	stigmasterol	T109,T123	C0038329
28234635	1530	1541	avenasterol	T109,T121,T123	C0031866
28234635	1547	1557	sitosterol	T109,T121	C0220914
28234635	1569	1574	serum	T031	C0229671
28234635	1575	1585	citrulline	T116,T121,T123	C0008864
28234635	1589	1595	marker	T201	C0005516
28234635	1599	1614	enterocyte mass	T025	C0682610
28234635	1626	1645	portal inflammation	T033	C2748698
28234635	1650	1659	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28234635	1660	1665	onset	T081	C0206132
28234635	1666	1668	IF	T047	C0012634
28234635	1678	1680	PN	T061	C0030547
28234635	1711	1721	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28234635	1722	1732	compromise	T033	C2945640
28234635	1741	1759	liver inflammation	T047	C0019158
28234635	1767	1777	associates	T080	C0332281
28234635	1783	1794	progression	T046	C0242656
28234635	1798	1809	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28234635	1814	1824	histologic	T169	C0205462
28234635	1825	1837	liver injury	T037	C0160390
28234635	1845	1853	reducing	T080	C0392756
28234635	1854	1864	expression	T045	C1171362
28234635	1868	1879	canalicular	T023	C0005393
28234635	1880	1897	bile transporters	T116,T123	C0618375

28234672|t|Vascular smooth muscle cell peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ protects against endothelin-1 - induced oxidative stress and inflammation
28234672|a|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists reduce blood pressure and vascular injury in hypertensive rodents. Pparγ inactivation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) enhances vascular injury. Transgenic mice overexpressing endothelin (ET)-1 selectively in the endothelium (eET-1) exhibit endothelial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress and inflammation. We hypothesized that inactivation of the Pparγ gene in VSMC (smPparγ) would exaggerate ET-1 - induced vascular injury. eET-1, smPparγ and eET-1 / smPparγ mice were treated with tamoxifen for 5 days and studied 4 weeks later. SBP was higher in eET-1 and unaffected by smPparγ inactivation. Mesenteric artery vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine were impaired only in smPparγ. N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester abrogated relaxation responses, and the Ednra / Ednrb mRNA ratio was decreased in eET-1 / smPparγ, which could indicate that nitric oxide production was enhanced by ET-1 stimulation of endothelin type B receptors. Mesenteric artery media / lumen was greater only in eET-1 / smPparγ. Mesenteric artery reactive oxygen species increased in smPparγ and were further enhanced in eET-1 / smPparγ. Perivascular fat monocyte / macrophage infiltration was higher in eET-1 and smPparγ and increased further in eET-1 / smPparγ. Spleen CD11b cells were increased in smPparγ and further enhance d in eET-1 / smPparγ, whereas Ly-6C monocytes increased in eET-1 and smPparγ but not in eET-1 / smPparγ. Spleen T regulatory lymphocytes increased in smPparγ and decreased in eET-1, and decreased further in eET-1 / smPparγ. VSMC Pparγ inactivation exaggerates ET-1 - induced vascular injury, supporting a protective role for PPARγ in hypertension through modulation of pro-oxidant and proinflammatory pathways. Paradoxically, ET-1 overexpression preserved endothelial function in smPparγ mice, presumably by enhancing nitric oxide through stimulation of endothelin type B receptors.
28234672	0	27	Vascular smooth muscle cell	T025	C4082861
28234672	28	72	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	90	102	endothelin-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	105	112	induced	T169	C0205263
28234672	113	129	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28234672	134	146	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28234672	147	191	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	193	198	PPARγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	200	208	agonists	T121	C0243192
28234672	209	215	reduce	T080	C0392756
28234672	216	230	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28234672	235	250	vascular injury	T037	C0178324
28234672	254	266	hypertensive	T033	C0857121
28234672	267	274	rodents	T015	C0035804
28234672	276	281	Pparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	282	294	inactivation	T044	C0314679
28234672	298	326	vascular smooth muscle cells	T025	C4082861
28234672	328	332	VSMC	T025	C4082861
28234672	334	342	enhances	T052	C2349975
28234672	343	358	vascular injury	T037	C0178324
28234672	360	375	Transgenic mice	T015	C0025936
28234672	376	390	overexpressing	T045	C1171362
28234672	391	408	endothelin (ET)-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	428	439	endothelium	T024	C0014257
28234672	440	447	(eET-1)	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	456	479	endothelial dysfunction	T047	C0856169
28234672	481	490	increased	T081	C0205217
28234672	491	507	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28234672	512	524	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28234672	529	541	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28234672	547	559	inactivation	T044	C0314679
28234672	567	577	Pparγ gene	T028	C1335238
28234672	581	585	VSMC	T025	C4082861
28234672	587	594	smPparγ	T028	C1335238
28234672	602	612	exaggerate	T080	C0442801
28234672	613	617	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	620	627	induced	T169	C0205263
28234672	628	643	vascular injury	T037	C0178324
28234672	645	650	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	652	659	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	664	669	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	672	679	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	680	684	mice	T015	C0025929
28234672	690	697	treated	T033	C0332154
28234672	703	712	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28234672	728	735	studied	T062	C2603343
28234672	751	754	SBP	T201	C0871470
28234672	759	765	higher	T080	C0205250
28234672	769	774	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	779	789	unaffected	T077	C2986417
28234672	793	800	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	801	813	inactivation	T044	C0314679
28234672	815	832	Mesenteric artery	T023	C0025465
28234672	833	845	vasodilatory	T042	C0042401
28234672	846	855	responses	T032	C0871261
28234672	859	872	acetylcholine	T109,T121,T123	C0001041
28234672	878	886	impaired	T169	C0221099
28234672	895	902	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	904	935	N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester	T116,T123	C0083536
28234672	936	945	abrogated	T169	C3242341
28234672	946	956	relaxation	T052	C0035028
28234672	957	966	responses	T032	C0871261
28234672	976	981	Ednra	T028	C1414262
28234672	984	989	Ednrb	T028	C1414263
28234672	990	994	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28234672	995	1000	ratio	T081	C0456603
28234672	1005	1014	decreased	T081	C0205216
28234672	1018	1023	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1026	1033	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1047	1055	indicate	T078	C3146298
28234672	1061	1073	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28234672	1074	1084	production	T052	C1883254
28234672	1089	1097	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28234672	1101	1105	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1106	1117	stimulation	T045	C0599177
28234672	1121	1148	endothelin type B receptors	T116,T192	C0218584
28234672	1150	1167	Mesenteric artery	T023	C0025465
28234672	1168	1173	media	T167	C1705217
28234672	1176	1181	lumen	T080	C1301906
28234672	1186	1193	greater	T081	C1704243
28234672	1202	1207	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1210	1217	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1219	1236	Mesenteric artery	T023	C0025465
28234672	1237	1260	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28234672	1261	1270	increased	T081	C0205217
28234672	1274	1281	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1299	1307	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28234672	1311	1316	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1319	1326	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1328	1340	Perivascular	T082	C0442165
28234672	1341	1353	fat monocyte	T025	C0206131
28234672	1356	1366	macrophage	T025	C0024432
28234672	1367	1379	infiltration	T046	C0332448
28234672	1384	1390	higher	T080	C0205250
28234672	1394	1399	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1404	1411	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1416	1425	increased	T081	C0205217
28234672	1437	1442	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1445	1452	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1454	1460	Spleen	T023	C0037993
28234672	1461	1472	CD11b cells	T025	C1983879
28234672	1478	1487	increased	T081	C0205217
28234672	1491	1498	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1511	1518	enhance	T052	C2349975
28234672	1524	1529	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1532	1539	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1549	1564	Ly-6C monocytes	T025	C0440752
28234672	1565	1574	increased	T081	C0205217
28234672	1578	1583	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1588	1595	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1607	1612	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1615	1622	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1624	1630	Spleen	T023	C0037993
28234672	1631	1655	T regulatory lymphocytes	T025	C0039198
28234672	1656	1665	increased	T081	C0205217
28234672	1669	1676	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1681	1690	decreased	T081	C0205216
28234672	1694	1699	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1705	1714	decreased	T081	C0205216
28234672	1726	1731	eET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1734	1741	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1743	1747	VSMC	T025	C4082861
28234672	1748	1753	Pparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1754	1766	inactivation	T044	C0314679
28234672	1767	1778	exaggerates	T080	C0442801
28234672	1779	1783	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1786	1793	induced	T169	C0205263
28234672	1794	1809	vascular injury	T037	C0178324
28234672	1835	1839	role	T077	C1705810
28234672	1844	1849	PPARγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	1853	1865	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28234672	1874	1884	modulation	T082	C0443264
28234672	1888	1899	pro-oxidant	T123,T196	C0162772
28234672	1904	1919	proinflammatory	T169	C0333348
28234672	1920	1928	pathways	T044	C1704259
28234672	1945	1949	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28234672	1950	1964	overexpression	T045	C1171362
28234672	1975	1986	endothelial	T024	C0014257
28234672	1987	1995	function	T169	C0542341
28234672	1999	2006	smPparγ	T116,T192	C0166417
28234672	2007	2011	mice	T015	C0025929
28234672	2027	2036	enhancing	T052	C2349975
28234672	2037	2049	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28234672	2058	2069	stimulation	T045	C0599177
28234672	2073	2100	endothelin type B receptors	T116,T192	C0218584

28235040|t|The relationship of serum vitamins A, D, E and LL-37 levels with allergic status, tonsillar virus detection and immune response
28235040|a|Tonsils have an active role in immune defence and inducing and maintaining tolerance to allergens. Vitamins A, D, and E, and antimicrobial peptide LL-37 may have immunomodulatory effects. We studied how their serum levels were associated with allergy status, intratonsillar / nasopharyngeal virus detection and intratonsillar expression of T cell - and innate immune response -specific cytokines, transcription factors and type I / II / III interferons in patients undergoing tonsillectomy. 110 elective tonsillectomy patients participated. Serum levels of vitamins A, 25(OH)D, and E, LL-37 and allergen-specific IgE as well as nasopharyngeal / intratonsillar respiratory viruses were analyzed. The mRNA expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-28, IL-29, IL-37, TGF-β, FOXP3, GATA3, RORC2 and Tbet in tonsils were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. The median age of the patients was 16 years (range 3-60), 28% of subjects had atopy, and 57% carried ≥1 respiratory virus in nasopharynx. Detection of viruses decreased by age. Higher vitamin A levels showed borderline significance with less viral detection (P = 0.056). Higher 25(OH)D was associated with less allergic rhinitis and atopy (P < 0.05) and higher vitamin E with less self-reported allergy (P < 0.05). In gene expression analyses, 25(OH)D was associated with higher IL-37, vitamin A with higher IFN-γ and vitamin E with less IL-28 (P < 0.05). LL-37 was associated with less FOXP3, RORC2 and IL-17 in tonsils (P < 0.05). Vitamin D and E levels were associated with less allergic disorders. Vitamin A was linked to antiviral and vitamin D with anti-inflammatory activity. LL-37 and was linked to T regulatory cell effects.
28235040	4	16	relationship	T080	C0439849
28235040	20	25	serum	T031	C0229671
28235040	26	36	vitamins A	T109,T121,T127	C0042839
28235040	38	39	D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28235040	41	42	E	T109,T121,T127	C0042874
28235040	47	52	LL-37	T116	C1143489
28235040	53	59	levels	T080	C0441889
28235040	65	80	allergic status	T046	C0020517
28235040	82	91	tonsillar	T023	C0836921
28235040	92	107	virus detection	T059	C1294356
28235040	112	127	immune response	T042	C0301872
28235040	128	135	Tonsils	T023	C0836921
28235040	159	173	immune defence	T042	C0301872
28235040	203	212	tolerance	T046	C0020963
28235040	216	225	allergens	T129	C0002092
28235040	227	237	Vitamins A	T109,T121,T127	C0042839
28235040	239	240	D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28235040	246	247	E	T109,T121,T127	C0042874
28235040	253	280	antimicrobial peptide LL-37	T116	C1143489
28235040	290	314	immunomodulatory effects	T061	C1963758
28235040	337	342	serum	T031	C0229671
28235040	343	349	levels	T080	C0441889
28235040	355	370	associated with	T080	C0332281
28235040	371	385	allergy status	T046	C0020517
28235040	387	401	intratonsillar	T023	C0836921
28235040	404	418	nasopharyngeal	T023	C0027442
28235040	419	434	virus detection	T059	C1294356
28235040	439	453	intratonsillar	T023	C0836921
28235040	454	464	expression	T045	C1171362
28235040	468	474	T cell	T025	C0039194
28235040	481	503	innate immune response	T032	C0020969
28235040	514	523	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28235040	525	546	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
28235040	551	557	type I	T116,T121,T129	C0021743
28235040	560	562	II	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28235040	565	580	III interferons	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
28235040	584	592	patients	T101	C0030705
28235040	604	617	tonsillectomy	T061	C0040423
28235040	632	645	tonsillectomy	T061	C0040423
28235040	646	654	patients	T101	C0030705
28235040	669	674	Serum	T031	C0229671
28235040	675	681	levels	T080	C0441889
28235040	685	695	vitamins A	T109,T121,T127	C0042839
28235040	697	704	25(OH)D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28235040	710	711	E	T109,T121,T127	C0042874
28235040	713	718	LL-37	T116	C1143489
28235040	723	744	allergen-specific IgE	T116,T129	C0443736
28235040	756	770	nasopharyngeal	T023	C0027442
28235040	773	787	intratonsillar	T023	C0836921
28235040	788	807	respiratory viruses	T005	C0597404
28235040	827	842	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28235040	846	851	IFN-α	T028	C1415900
28235040	853	858	IFN-β	T028	C1415912
28235040	860	865	IFN-γ	T028	C1334085
28235040	867	872	IL-10	T028	C1334098
28235040	874	879	IL-13	T028	C1334103
28235040	881	886	IL-17	T028	C1825592
28235040	888	893	IL-28	T028	C0017337
28235040	895	900	IL-29	T028	C1425473
28235040	902	907	IL-37	T028	C1423575
28235040	909	914	TGF-β	T028	C1366557
28235040	916	921	FOXP3	T028	C1416467
28235040	923	928	GATA3	T028	C1414994
28235040	930	935	RORC2	T028	C1419603
28235040	940	944	Tbet	T028	C1420610
28235040	948	955	tonsils	T023	C0836921
28235040	986	992	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28235040	1005	1008	age	T032	C0001779
28235040	1016	1024	patients	T101	C0030705
28235040	1032	1037	years	T079	C0439234
28235040	1072	1077	atopy	T046	C0392707
28235040	1098	1115	respiratory virus	T005	C0597404
28235040	1119	1130	nasopharynx	T023	C0027442
28235040	1132	1152	Detection of viruses	T059	C1294356
28235040	1166	1169	age	T032	C0001779
28235040	1178	1187	vitamin A	T109,T121,T127	C0042839
28235040	1188	1194	levels	T080	C0441889
28235040	1236	1251	viral detection	T059	C1294356
28235040	1272	1279	25(OH)D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28235040	1284	1299	associated with	T080	C0332281
28235040	1305	1322	allergic rhinitis	T047	C2607914
28235040	1327	1332	atopy	T046	C0392707
28235040	1355	1364	vitamin E	T109,T121,T127	C0042874
28235040	1389	1396	allergy	T046	C0020517
28235040	1412	1427	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28235040	1428	1436	analyses	T062	C0936012
28235040	1438	1445	25(OH)D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28235040	1450	1465	associated with	T080	C0332281
28235040	1473	1478	IL-37	T116,T123	C1702252
28235040	1480	1489	vitamin A	T109,T121,T127	C0042839
28235040	1502	1507	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28235040	1512	1521	vitamin E	T109,T121,T127	C0042874
28235040	1532	1537	IL-28	T116,T129	C0021764
28235040	1550	1555	LL-37	T116	C1143489
28235040	1560	1575	associated with	T080	C0332281
28235040	1581	1586	FOXP3	T116,T123	C4282118
28235040	1588	1593	RORC2	T116,T192	C2715150
28235040	1598	1603	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28235040	1607	1614	tonsils	T023	C0836921
28235040	1627	1636	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28235040	1641	1642	E	T109,T121,T127	C0042874
28235040	1655	1670	associated with	T080	C0332281
28235040	1676	1694	allergic disorders	T046	C0020517
28235040	1696	1705	Vitamin A	T109,T121,T127	C0042839
28235040	1720	1729	antiviral	T121	C0003451
28235040	1734	1743	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28235040	1749	1775	anti-inflammatory activity	T080	C1515999
28235040	1777	1782	LL-37	T116	C1143489
28235040	1801	1818	T regulatory cell	T025	C0039198
28235040	1819	1826	effects	T080	C1280500

28235120|t|Prospective Evaluation of Opioid Consumption After Distal Radius Fracture Repair Surgery
28235120|a|Pain management and opioid consumption after distal radius fracture (DRF) open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) are highly variable and poorly understood. To optimize postoperative opioid dosage and better understand opioid consumption patterns after DRF - ORIF, we conducted a prospective study with the hypothesis that opioid consumption would increase with worsening fracture classification and various patient demographics. All patients who underwent DRF - ORIF were consecutively enrolled over a 6-month period. Information collected included patient demographics, fracture type, anesthesia type, amount and type of opioid prescribed, number of pills taken, reason for stopping, and adverse events. Statistical analysis was performed. Ninety-eight patients (79 female, 19 male) were eligible for the study. Mean age was 58 years. Of the 98 patients, 45 received general anesthesia, and 53 received regional anesthesia with a single-shot peripheral nerve block. Mean opioid consumption (morphine equivalence) over a mean of 4.8 postoperative days (range, 0-16 days) was 58.5 mg (range, 0-280 mg). There were no significant differences in opioid consumption between the general and regional anesthesia groups. Mean opioid consumption for the 3 fracture-type groups (AO/OTA [Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association] classification) was 57.7 mg (class A), 60.3 mg (class B), and 62.0 mg (class C). Demographic analysis revealed an inverse relationship between age and opioid use. Similarly, there was a trend toward more opioid consumption among self-pay and Medicaid patients. Opioid consumption after DRF - ORIF was equivalent for general and regional anesthesia. A significant relationship was found between increasing age and decreasing opioid consumption. Worsening fracture classification and self-payment / Medicaid payment trended toward increasing opioid consumption. Mean overall opioid consumption (morphine equivalence) was 58.5 mg, or 14.6 pills of oxycodone/acetaminophen 5/325 mg. Surgeons should take these findings into account when optimizing opioid prescribing after DRF repair.
28235120	12	22	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28235120	26	44	Opioid Consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	51	73	Distal Radius Fracture	T037	C0435585
28235120	74	88	Repair Surgery	T061	C0543467
28235120	89	104	Pain management	T061	C0002766
28235120	109	127	opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	134	156	distal radius fracture	T037	C0435585
28235120	158	161	DRF	T037	C0435585
28235120	163	206	open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF)	T061	C0747060
28235120	253	261	optimize	T061	C1273380
28235120	262	275	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28235120	276	282	opioid	T109,T121	C0002772
28235120	283	289	dosage	T081	C0178602
28235120	312	330	opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	346	349	DRF	T037	C0435585
28235120	352	356	ORIF	T061	C0747060
28235120	373	390	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28235120	400	410	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28235120	416	434	opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	441	449	increase	T169	C0442805
28235120	455	464	worsening	T080	C0332271
28235120	465	473	fracture	T037	C0016658
28235120	474	488	classification	T185	C0008902
28235120	501	521	patient demographics	T078	C1548106
28235120	527	535	patients	T101	C0030705
28235120	550	553	DRF	T037	C0435585
28235120	556	560	ORIF	T061	C0747060
28235120	596	610	6-month period	T079	C0439231
28235120	643	663	patient demographics	T078	C1548106
28235120	665	678	fracture type	T080	C0457357
28235120	680	695	anesthesia type	T185	C1305863
28235120	697	703	amount	T081	C0178602
28235120	708	712	type	T080	C0332307
28235120	716	722	opioid	T109,T121	C0002772
28235120	723	733	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28235120	735	741	number	T081	C0237753
28235120	745	750	pills	T109,T121	C0002772
28235120	751	756	taken	T077	C1883727
28235120	758	764	reason	T078	C1550000
28235120	769	777	stopping	T061	C0850893
28235120	783	797	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28235120	799	819	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28235120	848	856	patients	T101	C0030705
28235120	861	867	female	T098	C0043210
28235120	872	876	male	T098	C0025266
28235120	940	948	patients	T101	C0030705
28235120	962	980	general anesthesia	T061	C0002915
28235120	998	1017	regional anesthesia	T061	C1304876
28235120	1037	1059	peripheral nerve block	T061	C0198807
28235120	1066	1084	opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	1086	1094	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28235120	1095	1106	equivalence	T080	C0205163
28235120	1127	1145	postoperative days	T079	C0032790
28235120	1207	1221	no significant	T033	C1273937
28235120	1237	1255	opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	1268	1275	general	T061	C0002915
28235120	1280	1299	regional anesthesia	T061	C1304876
28235120	1313	1331	opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	1342	1355	fracture-type	T080	C0457357
28235120	1364	1462	AO/OTA [Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association] classification	T170	C0559822
28235120	1477	1484	class A	T185	C0008902
28235120	1496	1503	class B	T185	C0008902
28235120	1519	1526	class C	T185	C0008902
28235120	1529	1549	Demographic analysis	T062	C0011289
28235120	1562	1569	inverse	T080	C0439850
28235120	1570	1582	relationship	T080	C0439849
28235120	1591	1594	age	T032	C0001779
28235120	1599	1609	opioid use	T048	C0240602
28235120	1652	1670	opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	1677	1685	self-pay	T033	C3530213
28235120	1690	1698	Medicaid	T064	C0025071
28235120	1699	1707	patients	T101	C0030705
28235120	1709	1727	Opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	1734	1737	DRF	T037	C0435585
28235120	1740	1744	ORIF	T061	C0747060
28235120	1749	1759	equivalent	T080	C0205163
28235120	1764	1771	general	T061	C0002915
28235120	1776	1795	regional anesthesia	T061	C1304876
28235120	1811	1823	relationship	T080	C0439849
28235120	1842	1856	increasing age	T033	C3550265
28235120	1861	1871	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28235120	1872	1890	opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	1892	1901	Worsening	T080	C0332271
28235120	1902	1925	fracture classification	T170	C0559822
28235120	1930	1942	self-payment	T033	C3530213
28235120	1945	1961	Medicaid payment	T064	C0025071
28235120	1977	1987	increasing	T169	C0442808
28235120	1988	2006	opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	2021	2039	opioid consumption	T048	C0240602
28235120	2041	2049	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28235120	2050	2061	equivalence	T080	C0205163
28235120	2084	2089	pills	T122	C0994475
28235120	2093	2116	oxycodone/acetaminophen	T121	C0717368
28235120	2127	2135	Surgeons	T097	C0582175
28235120	2181	2191	optimizing	T061	C1273380
28235120	2192	2198	opioid	T109,T121	C0002772
28235120	2217	2220	DRF	T037	C0435585
28235120	2221	2227	repair	T061	C0543467

28235434|t|Bronx Teens Connection's Clinic Linkage Model: Connecting Youth to Quality Sexual and Reproductive Health Care
28235434|a|Teen pregnancy and birth rates in the Bronx have been higher than in New York City, representing a longstanding health disparity. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene implemented a community-wide, multicomponent intervention to reduce unintended teen pregnancy, the Bronx Teens Connection. The Bronx Teens Connection Clinic Linkage Model sought to increase teens ' access to and use of sexual and reproductive health care by increasing community partner capacity to link neighborhood clinics to youth-serving organizations, including schools. The Bronx Teens Connection Clinic Linkage Model used needs assessments, delineated the criteria for linkages, clarified roles and responsibilities of partners and staff, established trainings to support the staff engaged in linkage activities, and developed and used process evaluation methods. Early results demonstrated the strength and feasibility of the model over a 4- year period, with 31 linkages developed and maintained, over 11,300 contacts between clinic health educators and teens completed, and increasing adherence to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -defined clinical best practices for adolescent reproductive health. For those eight clinics that were able to provide data, there was a 25% increase in the number of teen clients seen over 4 years. There are many factors that relate to an increase in clinic utilization; some of this increase may have been a result of the linkages between schools and clinics. The Bronx Teens Connection Clinic Linkage Model is an explicit framework for clinical and youth-serving organizations seeking to establish formal linkage relationships that may be useful for other municipalities or organizations.
28235434	0	24	Bronx Teens Connection's	T096	C2699414
28235434	25	31	Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28235434	32	45	Linkage Model	T170	C3161035
28235434	47	57	Connecting	T169	C0205245
28235434	58	63	Youth	T100	C0087178
28235434	67	74	Quality	T080	C0332306
28235434	75	110	Sexual and Reproductive Health Care	T058	C0086388
28235434	111	125	Teen pregnancy	T033	C0032968
28235434	130	141	birth rates	T081	C0005608
28235434	149	154	Bronx	T083	C3827325
28235434	180	193	New York City	T083	C0027977
28235434	223	239	health disparity	T033	C1171307
28235434	245	258	New York City	T083	C0027977
28235434	259	298	Department of Health and Mental Hygiene	T093	C1708333
28235434	313	327	community-wide	T080	C0205556
28235434	329	356	multicomponent intervention	T061	C0184661
28235434	378	392	teen pregnancy	T033	C0032968
28235434	398	420	Bronx Teens Connection	T096	C2699414
28235434	426	448	Bronx Teens Connection	T096	C2699414
28235434	449	455	Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28235434	456	469	Linkage Model	T170	C3161035
28235434	480	488	increase	T169	C0442805
28235434	489	494	teens	T098	C1521910
28235434	518	553	sexual and reproductive health care	T058	C0086388
28235434	557	567	increasing	T169	C0442808
28235434	568	577	community	T096	C0009462
28235434	578	585	partner	T098	C3887537
28235434	586	594	capacity	T033	C1998319
28235434	603	615	neighborhood	T083	C0027569
28235434	616	623	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28235434	627	654	youth-serving organizations	T092	C1561598
28235434	666	673	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
28235434	679	701	Bronx Teens Connection	T096	C2699414
28235434	702	708	Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28235434	709	722	Linkage Model	T170	C3161035
28235434	734	745	assessments	T058	C0220825
28235434	747	770	delineated the criteria	T078	C0243161
28235434	775	783	linkages	T078	C1254370
28235434	795	800	roles	T077	C1705810
28235434	805	821	responsibilities	T055	C0678341
28235434	825	833	partners	T098	C3887537
28235434	838	843	staff	T097	C0851286
28235434	857	866	trainings	T065	C0683844
28235434	882	887	staff	T097	C0851286
28235434	899	906	linkage	T078	C1254370
28235434	907	917	activities	T052	C0441655
28235434	950	968	evaluation methods	T062	C2911685
28235434	1001	1009	strength	T078	C0808080
28235434	1014	1025	feasibility	T078	C1254370
28235434	1033	1038	model	T170	C3161035
28235434	1049	1053	year	T079	C0439234
28235434	1054	1060	period	T079	C1948053
28235434	1070	1078	linkages	T078	C1254370
28235434	1117	1125	contacts	T058	C4036459
28235434	1134	1140	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28235434	1141	1157	health educators	T097	C1136362
28235434	1162	1167	teens	T098	C1521910
28235434	1183	1193	increasing	T169	C0442808
28235434	1194	1203	adherence	T169	C1510802
28235434	1211	1253	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	T093	C0007670
28235434	1263	1286	clinical best practices	T058	C1516623
28235434	1291	1301	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28235434	1302	1321	reproductive health	T091	C0242667
28235434	1339	1346	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28235434	1373	1377	data	T170	C1516606
28235434	1395	1403	increase	T169	C0442805
28235434	1421	1425	teen	T098	C1521910
28235434	1426	1433	clients	T096	C0008942
28235434	1446	1451	years	T079	C0439234
28235434	1468	1475	factors	T169	C1521761
28235434	1494	1502	increase	T169	C0442805
28235434	1506	1512	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28235434	1513	1524	utilization	T169	C0042153
28235434	1539	1547	increase	T169	C0442805
28235434	1578	1586	linkages	T078	C1254370
28235434	1595	1602	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
28235434	1607	1614	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28235434	1620	1642	Bronx Teens Connection	T096	C2699414
28235434	1643	1649	Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28235434	1650	1663	Linkage Model	T170	C3161035
28235434	1679	1688	framework	T077	C1254372
28235434	1693	1701	clinical	T080	C0205210
28235434	1706	1733	youth-serving organizations	T092	C1561598
28235434	1762	1769	linkage	T078	C1254370
28235434	1770	1783	relationships	T080	C0439849
28235434	1813	1827	municipalities	T083	C0600182
28235434	1831	1844	organizations	T092	C1561598

28235687|t|Immodin and its immune system supportive role in paclitaxel therapy of 4T1 mouse breast cancer
28235687|a|It is evident that standard chemotherapy agents may have an impact on both tumor and host immune system. Paclitaxel (PTX), a very potent anticancer drug from a taxane family, has achieved prominence in clinical oncology for its efficacy against a wide range of tumors including breast cancer. However, significant toxicity, such as myelosuppression, limit the effectiveness of Paclitaxel -based treatment regimens. Immodin (IM) is low molecular dialysate fraction of homogenate made from human leukocytes. It contains a mixture of substances from which so far have been described e.g. Imreg 1 and Imreg 2 formed by the dipeptide tyrosine-glycine and the tripeptide tyrosine-glycine-glycine, respectively. The aim of this study was to explore immunopharmacological activities of IM, using the strongly immunogenic 4T1 mouse breast cancer model, and evaluate its effect on the reactivity and the efficiency of PTX cancer therapy. The results highlight a potentially beneficial role for IM in alleviating PTX - induced toxicity, especially on the nonspecific immunity, during breast cancer therapy. Co-treatment exhibited an antitumor effect including reduced tumor growth, prolonged survival of tumor bearing mice, increased number of monocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood. In spleens, IM + PTX therapy elevated proportion of whole lymphocytes in the account of myelo-monocytic cells characteristic with low expression of CD11c+ and bearing Fc receptor (CD16 / 32) as well as T-lymphocytes, NK cells and dendritic cells. Accumulation of tumor - associated granulocytes in stroma of PTX - treated group and intensive 4T1 - necrosis / apoptosis in tumors after co-treatment were also recorded. These findings suggest the possibility of using IM alongside PTX treatment for maintaining the immune system functions and increasing patient survival.
28235687	0	7	Immodin	T121	C1254351
28235687	16	29	immune system	T022	C0020962
28235687	30	45	supportive role	T078	C0086939
28235687	49	59	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
28235687	60	67	therapy	T061	C0087111
28235687	71	80	4T1 mouse	T050	C2986594
28235687	81	94	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28235687	101	108	evident	T078	C3887511
28235687	114	122	standard	T080	C1442989
28235687	123	142	chemotherapy agents	T109,T121	C0003392
28235687	155	161	impact	T080	C4049986
28235687	170	175	tumor	T191	C0027651
28235687	180	184	host	T001	C1167395
28235687	185	198	immune system	T022	C0020962
28235687	200	210	Paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
28235687	212	215	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
28235687	232	247	anticancer drug	T109,T121	C0003392
28235687	255	261	taxane	T109,T121	C0215136
28235687	297	314	clinical oncology	T091	C1274034
28235687	323	331	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28235687	347	352	range	T081	C1514721
28235687	356	362	tumors	T191	C0027651
28235687	373	386	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28235687	397	408	significant	T078	C0750502
28235687	409	417	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28235687	427	443	myelosuppression	T033	C0854467
28235687	455	468	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28235687	472	482	Paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
28235687	490	508	treatment regimens	T061	C0040808
28235687	510	517	Immodin	T121	C1254351
28235687	519	521	IM	T121	C1254351
28235687	530	539	molecular	T080	C1521991
28235687	540	558	dialysate fraction	T121	C0011947
28235687	562	572	homogenate	T072	C3829671
28235687	583	588	human	T016	C0086418
28235687	589	599	leukocytes	T025	C0023516
28235687	615	622	mixture	T167	C0439962
28235687	626	636	substances	T167	C0439861
28235687	680	687	Imreg 1	T116,T121	C0063442
28235687	692	699	Imreg 2	T116	C0030956
28235687	700	706	formed	T169	C0205431
28235687	714	723	dipeptide	T116	C0012512
28235687	724	740	tyrosine-glycine	T116	C0012512
28235687	749	759	tripeptide	T116	C0030956
28235687	760	784	tyrosine-glycine-glycine	T116	C0030956
28235687	804	807	aim	T078	C1947946
28235687	816	821	study	T062	C2603343
28235687	837	858	immunopharmacological	T169	C0205464
28235687	859	869	activities	T052	C0441655
28235687	873	875	IM	T121	C1254351
28235687	896	907	immunogenic	T169	C0872192
28235687	908	917	4T1 mouse	T050	C2986594
28235687	918	931	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28235687	932	937	model	T075	C0026336
28235687	943	951	evaluate	T169	C1292732
28235687	956	962	effect	T080	C1280500
28235687	970	980	reactivity	T169	C0443286
28235687	989	999	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28235687	1003	1006	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
28235687	1007	1021	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
28235687	1027	1034	results	T169	C1274040
28235687	1047	1058	potentially	T080	C3245505
28235687	1059	1074	beneficial role	UnknownType	C0683156
28235687	1079	1081	IM	T121	C1254351
28235687	1085	1096	alleviating	T081	C0547047
28235687	1097	1100	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
28235687	1103	1110	induced	T169	C0205263
28235687	1111	1119	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28235687	1139	1150	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
28235687	1151	1159	immunity	T039	C0020964
28235687	1168	1181	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28235687	1182	1189	therapy	T061	C0087111
28235687	1191	1203	Co-treatment	T058	C0814472
28235687	1217	1226	antitumor	T080	C2986475
28235687	1227	1233	effect	T080	C1280500
28235687	1244	1251	reduced	T080	C0392756
28235687	1252	1264	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28235687	1266	1275	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28235687	1276	1284	survival	T169	C0220921
28235687	1288	1293	tumor	T191	C0027651
28235687	1302	1306	mice	T050	C2986594
28235687	1308	1317	increased	T081	C0205217
28235687	1328	1337	monocytes	T025	C0026473
28235687	1342	1353	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
28235687	1357	1373	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
28235687	1387	1389	IM	T121	C1254351
28235687	1392	1395	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
28235687	1396	1403	therapy	T061	C0087111
28235687	1404	1412	elevated	T080	C3163633
28235687	1413	1423	proportion	T081	C1709707
28235687	1433	1444	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
28235687	1463	1484	myelo-monocytic cells	T025	C0229659
28235687	1485	1499	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28235687	1509	1519	expression	T045	C1171362
28235687	1523	1529	CD11c+	T116,T129,T192	C0023395
28235687	1542	1553	Fc receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0034805
28235687	1555	1559	CD16	T116,T129,T192	C0108747
28235687	1562	1564	32	T116,T129,T192	C0054951
28235687	1577	1590	T-lymphocytes	T025	C0039194
28235687	1592	1600	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28235687	1605	1620	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
28235687	1622	1634	Accumulation	T033	C4055506
28235687	1638	1643	tumor	T191	C0027651
28235687	1646	1656	associated	T080	C0332281
28235687	1657	1669	granulocytes	T025	C0018183
28235687	1673	1679	stroma	T023	C0927195
28235687	1683	1686	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
28235687	1689	1696	treated	T169	C1522326
28235687	1697	1702	group	T078	C0441833
28235687	1717	1720	4T1	T025	C0597032
28235687	1723	1731	necrosis	T042	C0027540
28235687	1734	1743	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28235687	1747	1753	tumors	T191	C0027651
28235687	1760	1772	co-treatment	T058	C0814472
28235687	1783	1791	recorded	T170	C0034869
28235687	1799	1807	findings	T033	C0243095
28235687	1841	1843	IM	T121	C1254351
28235687	1854	1857	PTX	T109,T121	C0144576
28235687	1858	1867	treatment	T061	C0087111
28235687	1888	1901	immune system	T022	C0020962
28235687	1902	1911	functions	T169	C0542341
28235687	1916	1926	increasing	T169	C0442808
28235687	1927	1934	patient	T101	C0030705
28235687	1935	1943	survival	T052	C0038952

28235956|t|Genomic complexity and targeted genes in anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines
28235956|a|Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly malignant disease with a very short median survival time. Few studies have addressed the underlying somatic mutations, and the genomic landscape of ATC thus remains largely unknown. In the present study, we have ascertained copy number aberrations, gene fusions, gene expression patterns, and mutations in early- passage cells from ten newly established ATC cell lines using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis, RNA sequencing and whole exome sequencing. The ATC cell line genomes were highly complex and displayed signs of replicative stress and genomic instability, including massive aneuploidy and frequent breakpoints in the centromeric regions and in fragile sites. Loss of heterozygosity involving whole chromosomes was common, but there were no signs of previous near-haploidisation events or chromothripsis. A total of 21 fusion genes were detected, including six predicted in-frame fusions; none were recurrent. Global gene expression analysis showed 661 genes to be differentially expressed between ATC and papillary thyroid cancer cell lines, with pathway enrichment analyses showing downregulation of TP53 signalling as well as cell adhesion molecules in ATC. Besides previously known driver events, such as mutations in BRAF, NRAS, TP53 and the TERT promoter, we identified PTPRD and NEGR1 as putative novel target genes in ATC, based on deletions in six and four cell lines, respectively; the latter gene also carried a somatic mutation in one cell line. Taken together, our data provide novel insights into the tumourigenesis of ATC and may be used to identify new therapeutic targets.
28235956	0	7	Genomic	T028	C0017428
28235956	8	18	complexity	T080	C0439855
28235956	23	37	targeted genes	T028	C1332838
28235956	41	66	anaplastic thyroid cancer	T191	C0238461
28235956	67	77	cell lines	T025	C0007634
28235956	78	103	Anaplastic thyroid cancer	T191	C0238461
28235956	105	108	ATC	T191	C0238461
28235956	122	139	malignant disease	T047	C0442867
28235956	158	178	median survival time	T079	C2986586
28235956	222	239	somatic mutations	T049	C0544886
28235956	249	256	genomic	T028	C0017428
28235956	270	273	ATC	T191	C0238461
28235956	346	357	copy number	T081	C0178655
28235956	358	369	aberrations	T049	C0008625
28235956	371	383	gene fusions	T063	C0178648
28235956	385	409	gene expression patterns	T059,T063	C0752248
28235956	415	424	mutations	T045	C0026882
28235956	435	448	passage cells	T025	C0007634
28235956	476	479	ATC	T191	C0238461
28235956	480	490	cell lines	T025	C0007634
28235956	497	548	single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis	T059	C3536614
28235956	550	564	RNA sequencing	T086	C0162327
28235956	569	591	whole exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
28235956	597	600	ATC	T191	C0238461
28235956	601	610	cell line	T025	C0007634
28235956	611	618	genomes	T028	C0017428
28235956	631	638	complex	T080	C0439855
28235956	662	673	replicative	T045	C0598312
28235956	674	680	stress	T033	C0243095
28235956	685	704	genomic instability	T049	C0919532
28235956	724	734	aneuploidy	T049	C0002938
28235956	767	786	centromeric regions	T026	C2612372
28235956	794	807	fragile sites	T086	C0677504
28235956	809	831	Loss of heterozygosity	T045	C0524869
28235956	842	859	whole chromosomes	T028	C0450238
28235956	887	889	no	T033	C1513916
28235956	908	934	near-haploidisation events	T049	C3828843
28235956	938	952	chromothripsis	T049	C4277538
28235956	968	980	fusion genes	T028	C1533585
28235956	1020	1036	in-frame fusions	T063	C0178648
28235956	1059	1090	Global gene expression analysis	T063	C1880945
28235956	1102	1107	genes	T028	C0017337
28235956	1129	1138	expressed	T045	C0017262
28235956	1147	1150	ATC	T191	C0238461
28235956	1155	1179	papillary thyroid cancer	T191	C0238463
28235956	1180	1190	cell lines	T025	C0007634
28235956	1197	1224	pathway enrichment analyses	T062	C0936012
28235956	1233	1247	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28235956	1251	1255	TP53	T028	C0079419
28235956	1256	1266	signalling	T038	C3537152
28235956	1278	1301	cell adhesion molecules	T116,T123	C0007578
28235956	1305	1308	ATC	T191	C0238461
28235956	1358	1367	mutations	T045	C0026882
28235956	1371	1375	BRAF	T028	C0812241
28235956	1377	1381	NRAS	T028	C0809246
28235956	1383	1387	TP53	T028	C0079419
28235956	1396	1400	TERT	T028	C1367342
28235956	1401	1409	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28235956	1425	1430	PTPRD	T028	C1419114
28235956	1435	1440	NEGR1	T028	C1424887
28235956	1459	1471	target genes	T028	C1332838
28235956	1475	1478	ATC	T191	C0238461
28235956	1489	1498	deletions	T049	C0008628
28235956	1515	1525	cell lines	T025	C0007634
28235956	1552	1556	gene	T028	C0017337
28235956	1572	1588	somatic mutation	T049	C0544886
28235956	1596	1605	cell line	T025	C0007634
28235956	1664	1678	tumourigenesis	T191	C0007621
28235956	1682	1685	ATC	T191	C0238461
28235956	1718	1729	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28235956	1730	1737	targets	T169	C1521840

28236014|t|The SmartOR: a distributed sensor network to improve operating room efficiency
28236014|a|Despite the significant expense of OR time, best practice achieves only 70% efficiency. Compounding this problem is a lack of real-time data. Most current OR utilization programs require manual data entry. Automated systems require installation and maintenance of expensive tracking hardware throughout the institution. This study developed an inexpensive, automated OR utilization system and analyzed data from multiple operating rooms. OR activity was deconstructed into four room states. A sensor network was then developed to automatically capture these states using only three sensors, a local wireless network, and a data capture computer. Two systems were then installed into two ORs, recordings captured 24/7. The SmartOR recorded the following events: any room activity, patient entry/exit time, anesthesia time, laparoscopy time, room turnover time, and time of preoperative patient identification by the surgeon. From November 2014 to December 2015, data on 1003 cases were collected. The mean turnover time was 36 min, and 38% of cases met the institutional goal of ≤30 min. Data analysis also identified outlier cases (>1 SD from mean) in the domains of time from patient entry into the OR to intubation (11% of cases) and time from extubation to patient exiting the OR (11% of cases). Time from surgeon identification of patient to scheduled procedure start time was 11 min (institution bylaws require 20 min before scheduled start time), yet OR teams required 22 min on average to bring a patient into the room after surgeon identification. The SmartOR automatically and reliably captures data on OR room state and, in real time, identifies outlier cases that may be examined closer to improve efficiency. As no manual entry is required, the data are indisputable and allow OR teams to maintain a patient -centric focus.
28236014	4	11	SmartOR	T062	C0700032
28236014	27	33	sensor	T073	C0183210
28236014	34	41	network	T169	C1882071
28236014	45	52	improve	T033	C0184511
28236014	53	67	operating room	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	68	78	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28236014	91	102	significant	T078	C0750502
28236014	103	110	expense	T081	C0680864
28236014	114	116	OR	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	117	121	time	T079	C0040223
28236014	128	136	practice	T057	C0033284
28236014	155	165	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28236014	167	178	Compounding	T080	C0205198
28236014	205	214	real-time	T079	C1550177
28236014	215	219	data	T078	C1511726
28236014	226	233	current	T079	C0521116
28236014	234	236	OR	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	237	248	utilization	T169	C0042153
28236014	249	257	programs	T169	C3484370
28236014	258	265	require	T169	C1514873
28236014	266	272	manual	T169	C0175674
28236014	273	283	data entry	T170	C1705654
28236014	285	302	Automated systems	T170	C0596139
28236014	303	310	require	T169	C1514873
28236014	328	339	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28236014	343	352	expensive	T080	C0205556
28236014	353	370	tracking hardware	T074	C0025080
28236014	386	397	institution	T073,T093	C0018704
28236014	404	409	study	T062	C2603343
28236014	423	434	inexpensive	T080	C0205556
28236014	436	445	automated	T169	C0205554
28236014	446	448	OR	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	449	460	utilization	T169	C0042153
28236014	461	467	system	T169	C0449913
28236014	472	480	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28236014	481	485	data	T078	C1511726
28236014	491	499	multiple	T081	C0439064
28236014	500	515	operating rooms	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	517	519	OR	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	520	528	activity	T052	C0441655
28236014	557	561	room	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	562	568	states	T169	C1442792
28236014	572	578	sensor	T073	C0183210
28236014	579	586	network	T169	C1882071
28236014	609	622	automatically	T033	C3842331
28236014	637	643	states	T169	C1442792
28236014	661	668	sensors	T073	C0183210
28236014	672	677	local	T082	C0205276
28236014	678	686	wireless	T073	C1520154
28236014	687	694	network	T169	C1882071
28236014	702	714	data capture	T062	C0010995
28236014	715	723	computer	T073	C0009622
28236014	729	736	systems	T169	C0449913
28236014	766	769	ORs	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	771	781	recordings	T073	C3273359
28236014	801	808	SmartOR	T062	C0700032
28236014	832	838	events	T051	C0441471
28236014	844	848	room	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	849	857	activity	T052	C0441655
28236014	859	866	patient	T101	C0030705
28236014	867	882	entry/exit time	T079	C1254367
28236014	884	899	anesthesia time	T033	C2223561
28236014	901	912	laparoscopy	T060	C0031150
28236014	913	917	time	T079	C0040223
28236014	919	923	room	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	924	937	turnover time	T079	C0040223
28236014	943	947	time	T079	C0040223
28236014	951	963	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28236014	964	971	patient	T101	C0030705
28236014	972	986	identification	T041	C0020792
28236014	994	1001	surgeon	T097	C0582175
28236014	1008	1016	November	T079	C3828767
28236014	1025	1033	December	T080	C3830550
28236014	1040	1044	data	T078	C1511726
28236014	1053	1058	cases	T169	C0868928
28236014	1079	1083	mean	T081	C0444504
28236014	1084	1097	turnover time	T079	C0040223
28236014	1121	1126	cases	T169	C0868928
28236014	1135	1148	institutional	T073,T093	C0018704
28236014	1166	1179	Data analysis	T057	C0010992
28236014	1185	1195	identified	T041	C0020792
28236014	1204	1209	cases	T169	C0868928
28236014	1214	1216	SD	T081	C0871420
28236014	1222	1226	mean	T081	C0444504
28236014	1246	1250	time	T079	C0040223
28236014	1256	1263	patient	T101	C0030705
28236014	1279	1281	OR	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	1285	1295	intubation	T061	C0021925
28236014	1304	1309	cases	T169	C0868928
28236014	1315	1319	time	T079	C0040223
28236014	1325	1335	extubation	T061	C0553891
28236014	1339	1346	patient	T101	C0030705
28236014	1359	1361	OR	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	1370	1375	cases	T169	C0868928
28236014	1378	1382	Time	T079	C0040223
28236014	1388	1395	surgeon	T097	C0582175
28236014	1396	1410	identification	T041	C0020792
28236014	1414	1421	patient	T101	C0030705
28236014	1425	1444	scheduled procedure	T080	C0205539
28236014	1445	1455	start time	T079	C1301880
28236014	1468	1479	institution	T073,T093	C0018704
28236014	1480	1486	bylaws	T089	C0006540
28236014	1487	1494	require	T169	C1514873
28236014	1509	1518	scheduled	T079	C1571999
28236014	1525	1529	time	T079	C0040223
28236014	1536	1544	OR teams	T080	C0520261
28236014	1545	1553	required	T169	C1514873
28236014	1564	1571	average	T081	C1510992
28236014	1583	1590	patient	T101	C0030705
28236014	1600	1604	room	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	1611	1618	surgeon	T097	C0582175
28236014	1619	1633	identification	T041	C0020792
28236014	1639	1646	SmartOR	T062	C0700032
28236014	1647	1660	automatically	T033	C3842331
28236014	1665	1673	reliably	T170	C3858758
28236014	1683	1687	data	T078	C1511726
28236014	1691	1693	OR	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	1694	1698	room	T073,T093	C0029064
28236014	1699	1704	state	T169	C1442792
28236014	1713	1722	real time	T079	C1550177
28236014	1724	1734	identifies	T080	C0205396
28236014	1743	1748	cases	T169	C0868928
28236014	1761	1769	examined	T033	C0332128
28236014	1780	1787	improve	T033	C0184511
28236014	1788	1798	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28236014	1806	1812	manual	T169	C0175674
28236014	1822	1830	required	T169	C1514873
28236014	1836	1840	data	T078	C1511726
28236014	1845	1857	indisputable	T080	C0205556
28236014	1868	1876	OR teams	T080	C0520261
28236014	1880	1888	maintain	T052	C0024501
28236014	1891	1898	patient	T101	C0030705

28236130|t|Entrapment of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and its inferior cluneal branches: anatomical basis of surgery for inferior cluneal neuralgia
28236130|a|The apparent failure of pudendal nerve surgery in some patients has led us to suggest the possibility of entrapment of other adjacent nerve structures, leading to the concept of inferior cluneal neuralgia. Via its numerous collateral branches, the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve innervates a very extensive territory including the posterior surface of the thigh, the infragluteal fold, the skin over the ischial tuberosity, but also the lateral anal region, scrotum or labium majus via its perineal branch. We described the pathophysiological features of cluneal neuralgia, the surgical technique and our preliminary results. We performed a transmuscular approach leading to the fat of the deep gluteal region. Exploration was continued cranially underneath the piriformis, looking for potential entrapments affecting the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and the sciatic nerve. Nerve decompression on the lateral surface of the ischial tuberosity was then performed. A constant anatomical finding must be highlighted: the presence of a lateral fibrous expansion from the ischium passing behind the nerves and vessels, especially the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve and its perineal branches. In our patients, release of this expansion allowed decompression of the nerve trapped by this expansion. Cluneal neuralgia constitutes a distinct entity of perineal pain, which must be identified and distinguished from pudendal neuralgia. Surgery should be performed via a transgluteal approach. A lateral ischial obstacle must be investigated, in the form of a constant fibrous expansion, which, like a retinaculum, can cause nerve entrapment.
28236130	0	10	Entrapment	T047	C0917811
28236130	18	51	posterior femoral cutaneous nerve	T023	C0228931
28236130	60	85	inferior cluneal branches	T023	C0229962
28236130	87	103	anatomical basis	T029	C0277809
28236130	107	114	surgery	T091	C1274039
28236130	119	145	inferior cluneal neuralgia	T184	C0027796
28236130	170	184	pudendal nerve	T023	C0228959
28236130	185	192	surgery	T091	C1274039
28236130	201	209	patients	T101	C0030705
28236130	251	261	entrapment	T047	C0917811
28236130	271	296	adjacent nerve structures	T024	C0027740
28236130	324	350	inferior cluneal neuralgia	T184	C0027796
28236130	369	388	collateral branches	T023	C0229962
28236130	394	427	posterior femoral cutaneous nerve	T023	C0228931
28236130	480	510	posterior surface of the thigh	T029	C0230422
28236130	516	533	infragluteal fold	T023	C0229962
28236130	539	543	skin	T022	C1123023
28236130	553	571	ischial tuberosity	T023	C0223656
28236130	586	605	lateral anal region	T029	C0005898
28236130	607	614	scrotum	T023	C0036471
28236130	618	630	labium majus	T023	C0227760
28236130	639	654	perineal branch	T023	C0739940
28236130	673	691	pathophysiological	T169	C0031847
28236130	692	700	features	T080	C1521970
28236130	704	721	cluneal neuralgia	T184	C0027796
28236130	727	745	surgical technique	T060	C0011918
28236130	754	773	preliminary results	T078	C1548161
28236130	790	812	transmuscular approach	T061	C1997294
28236130	828	831	fat	T023	C0015665
28236130	844	858	gluteal region	T029	C0282082
28236130	860	871	Exploration	T061	C1280903
28236130	911	921	piriformis	T023	C0224429
28236130	945	956	entrapments	T047	C0917811
28236130	971	1004	posterior femoral cutaneous nerve	T023	C0228931
28236130	1013	1026	sciatic nerve	T023	C0036394
28236130	1028	1047	Nerve decompression	T061	C0196571
28236130	1055	1070	lateral surface	T029	C0230424
28236130	1078	1096	ischial tuberosity	T023	C0223656
28236130	1128	1146	anatomical finding	T029	C0277809
28236130	1186	1201	lateral fibrous	T024	C0225331
28236130	1202	1211	expansion	T061	C0196940
28236130	1221	1228	ischium	T023	C0223653
28236130	1248	1254	nerves	T024	C0027740
28236130	1259	1266	vessels	T023	C0005847
28236130	1283	1316	posterior femoral cutaneous nerve	T023	C0228931
28236130	1325	1342	perineal branches	T023	C0739941
28236130	1351	1359	patients	T101	C0030705
28236130	1377	1386	expansion	T061	C0196940
28236130	1395	1408	decompression	T061	C0196571
28236130	1416	1429	nerve trapped	T047	C0917811
28236130	1438	1447	expansion	T061	C0196940
28236130	1449	1466	Cluneal neuralgia	T184	C0027796
28236130	1500	1513	perineal pain	T184	C0240717
28236130	1563	1581	pudendal neuralgia	T047	C1997249
28236130	1583	1590	Surgery	T091	C1274039
28236130	1617	1638	transgluteal approach	T082	C0444462
28236130	1642	1657	lateral ischial	T023	C0223653
28236130	1675	1687	investigated	T169	C1292732
28236130	1715	1722	fibrous	T024	C0225331
28236130	1723	1732	expansion	T061	C0196940
28236130	1748	1759	retinaculum	T023	C0224996
28236130	1771	1787	nerve entrapment	T047	C0917811

28236586|t|Impaired mobility, depressed mood, cognitive impairment and polypharmacy are independently associated with disability in older cancer outpatients: The prospective Physical Frailty in Elderly Cancer patients (PF - EC) cohort study
28236586|a|To assess the prevalence of disability and the oncologic factors associated with disability in older outpatients with cancer. The Physical Frailty in Elderly Cancer patients (PF - EC) study (France) is a prospective bicentric observational cohort study. Two hundred and ninety outpatients with cancer were included. A cross-sectional analysis of oncologic factors and geriatric variables associated with disability that were collected using a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) was conducted. Disability was defined as impairment in activities of daily living (ADL) and/or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), simplified to four items. Univariate and multivariate logistic models of disabled patients were performed. The three final multivariate models were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC / ROC) of the logistic model. The mean age was 80.6years, and 51% of the patients were women with various types of cancer. The prevalence of disability was 67.6%. No oncologic factors (cancer site, cancer extension) were associated with disability. Impaired mobility, poor functional status, depressive mood, cognitive impairment and polypharmacy were independently associated with disability (P<0.05). The AUC/ROC of the final models was similar. Disability was highly prevalent in older cancer outpatients before cancer treatment but was not associated with oncologic factors. Impaired mobility, depressed mood, cognitive impairment and polypharmacy were the geriatric variables significantly and independently associated with disability. Identifying these factors prior to cancer treatment could enable the implementation of corrective actions to improve patient autonomy before treatment and during follow-up.
28236586	0	17	Impaired mobility	T033	C0518456
28236586	19	33	depressed mood	T033	C0344315
28236586	35	55	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28236586	60	72	polypharmacy	T033	C2922974
28236586	107	117	disability	T033	C0231170
28236586	127	133	cancer	T191	C0006826
28236586	134	145	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28236586	163	179	Physical Frailty	T033	C0424594
28236586	183	190	Elderly	T098	C0001792
28236586	191	206	Cancer patients	T101	C1516213
28236586	208	210	PF	T033	C0424594
28236586	213	215	EC	T101	C1516213
28236586	217	229	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28236586	258	268	disability	T033	C0231170
28236586	277	294	oncologic factors	T033	C4294904
28236586	311	321	disability	T033	C0231170
28236586	331	342	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28236586	348	354	cancer	T191	C0006826
28236586	360	376	Physical Frailty	T033	C0424594
28236586	380	387	Elderly	T098	C0001792
28236586	388	403	Cancer patients	T101	C1516213
28236586	405	407	PF	T033	C0424594
28236586	410	412	EC	T101	C1516213
28236586	421	427	France	T083	C0016674
28236586	434	482	prospective bicentric observational cohort study	T062	C1709709
28236586	507	518	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28236586	524	530	cancer	T191	C0006826
28236586	548	572	cross-sectional analysis	T062	C0010362
28236586	576	593	oncologic factors	T033	C4294904
28236586	598	607	geriatric	T080	C1704440
28236586	608	617	variables	T080	C0439828
28236586	634	644	disability	T033	C0231170
28236586	673	686	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28236586	687	707	geriatric assessment	T058	C0017463
28236586	709	712	CGA	T058	C0017463
28236586	729	739	Disability	T033	C0231170
28236586	755	765	impairment	T169	C0221099
28236586	769	795	activities of daily living	T056	C0001288
28236586	797	800	ADL	T056	C0001288
28236586	809	848	instrumental activities of daily living	T033	C1290928
28236586	849	854	(IADL	T033	C1290928
28236586	883	893	Univariate	T062	C0683962
28236586	898	910	multivariate	T081	C0026777
28236586	911	926	logistic models	T081,T170	C0023965
28236586	930	947	disabled patients	T101	C0018576
28236586	980	992	multivariate	T081	C0026777
28236586	993	999	models	T081,T170	C0023965
28236586	1039	1078	receiver operating characteristic curve	T081	C0035787
28236586	1080	1083	AUC	T081	C0376690
28236586	1086	1089	ROC	T081	C0035787
28236586	1098	1112	logistic model	T081,T170	C0023965
28236586	1171	1176	women	T098	C0043210
28236586	1199	1205	cancer	T191	C0006826
28236586	1225	1235	disability	T033	C0231170
28236586	1250	1267	oncologic factors	T033	C4294904
28236586	1269	1280	cancer site	T082	C0872338
28236586	1282	1298	cancer extension	T191	C1704231
28236586	1321	1331	disability	T033	C0231170
28236586	1333	1350	Impaired mobility	T033	C0518456
28236586	1352	1374	poor functional status	T033	C0598463
28236586	1376	1391	depressive mood	T033	C0344315
28236586	1393	1413	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28236586	1418	1430	polypharmacy	T033	C2922974
28236586	1466	1476	disability	T033	C0231170
28236586	1532	1542	Disability	T033	C0231170
28236586	1573	1579	cancer	T191	C0006826
28236586	1580	1591	outpatients	T101	C0029921
28236586	1599	1615	cancer treatment	T061	C0920425
28236586	1644	1661	oncologic factors	T033	C4294904
28236586	1663	1680	Impaired mobility	T033	C0518456
28236586	1682	1696	depressed mood	T033	C0344315
28236586	1698	1718	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28236586	1723	1735	polypharmacy	T033	C2922974
28236586	1813	1823	disability	T033	C0231170
28236586	1860	1876	cancer treatment	T061	C0920425
28236586	1912	1930	corrective actions	T169	C1947976
28236586	1942	1949	patient	T101	C1516213
28236586	1950	1958	autonomy	T041	C0598368
28236586	1966	1975	treatment	T061	C0920425
28236586	1987	1996	follow-up	T058	C1522577

28237116|t|Methods to Study Autophagy in Zebrafish
28237116|a|Autophagy (cellular self-eating) is a highly regulated degradation process of the eukaryotic cell during which parts of the cytoplasm are delivered into, and broken down within, the lysosomal compartment. The process serves as a main route for the elimination of superfluous and damaged cellular constituents, thereby mediating macromolecular and organellar turnover. In addition to maintaining cellular homeostasis, autophagy is involved in various other cellular and developmental processes by degrading specific regulatory proteins, and contributing to the clearance of intracellular pathogens. The physiological roles and pathological involvement of autophagy can be effectively studied in divergent eukaryotic model systems ranging from yeast to mice. Such a tractable animal model applied only recently for autophagy researchis the zebrafish Danio rerio, which also facilitates the analysis of more specific biological processes such as tissue regeneration. In this chapter, we overview the main methods and tools that are used to monitor autophagic structures and to assay autophagic responses in this vertebrate organism. We place emphasis on genetic (functional) approaches applied for exploring novel cellular and developmental roles of the autophagic process.
28237116	0	7	Methods	T170	C0025663
28237116	11	16	Study	T062	C2603343
28237116	17	26	Autophagy	T043	C0004391
28237116	30	39	Zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28237116	40	49	Autophagy	T043	C0004391
28237116	51	71	cellular self-eating	T043	C0004391
28237116	95	114	degradation process	T044	C0314674
28237116	122	137	eukaryotic cell	T025	C0015161
28237116	164	173	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28237116	178	187	delivered	T169	C1705822
28237116	198	209	broken down	T080	C0443161
28237116	222	243	lysosomal compartment	T029	C0521450
28237116	288	299	elimination	T039	C0221102
28237116	327	348	cellular constituents	T026	C0243092
28237116	368	382	macromolecular	T044	C1148560
28237116	387	406	organellar turnover	T042	C1254358
28237116	435	455	cellular homeostasis	T043	C2244223
28237116	457	466	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28237116	496	504	cellular	T043	C1325880
28237116	509	532	developmental processes	T040	C0678723
28237116	536	545	degrading	T044	C0314674
28237116	555	574	regulatory proteins	T116,T123	C0815047
28237116	613	626	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28237116	627	636	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28237116	642	661	physiological roles	T169	C0205463
28237116	666	678	pathological	T169	C1521733
28237116	694	703	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28237116	744	754	eukaryotic	T204	C0684063
28237116	755	768	model systems	T075	C0026339
28237116	782	787	yeast	T004	C0043393
28237116	791	795	mice	T015	C0026809
28237116	814	826	animal model	T008	C0599779
28237116	853	862	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28237116	878	887	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28237116	888	899	Danio rerio	T013	C0043457
28237116	928	936	analysis	T062	C0936012
28237116	954	974	biological processes	T038	C3714634
28237116	983	1002	tissue regeneration	T042	C1623047
28237116	1042	1059	methods and tools	T169	C0025664
28237116	1085	1106	autophagic structures	T026	C0243092
28237116	1114	1119	assay	T059	C0005507
28237116	1120	1140	autophagic responses	T043	C0007613
28237116	1149	1168	vertebrate organism	T010	C0042567
28237116	1191	1222	genetic (functional) approaches	T062	C0017395
28237116	1251	1259	cellular	T043	C1325880
28237116	1264	1283	developmental roles	T040	C0678723
28237116	1291	1309	autophagic process	T043	C0004391

28237240|t|Antimicrobial reduction measures applied in Danish pig herds following the introduction of the "Yellow Card" antimicrobial scheme
28237240|a|Following introduction of the antimicrobial restrictive " Yellow Card Scheme " in summer 2010, a rapid decrease in the Danish national pig antimicrobial consumption was observed. The aims of this study were to (i) investigate which measures had been implemented to reduce the antimicrobial consumption according to farmers and veterinarians and (ii) where possible, investigate if said measures were reflected in the herds' antimicrobial purchase data. Based on national register data from VetStat and the Central Husbandry Registe r, the study population was selected among Danish pig herds which had decreased their annual antimicrobial consumption with ≥10% following the introduction of the Yellow Card Scheme comparing June 1, 2009-May 31, 2010 to June 1, 2010-May 31, 2011. Subsequently, questionnaire surveys of both farmers and veterinarians were carried out, resulting in responses from 179 farmers accounting for 202 herds (response ratio: 83%) and 58 veterinarians accounting for 140 herds. Prior to the introduction of the Yellow Card Scheme, 24% of the participating herds had an antimicrobial consumption for one or more age groups which exceeded the Yellow Card Scheme threshold values on antimicrobial consumption, while 50% of the herds had an antimicrobial consumption below the national average. The measures most frequently stated as having contributed to the antimicrobial reduction were increased use of vaccines (52% of farmers; 35% of the veterinarians), less use of group medication (44% of the farmers; 58% of the veterinarians) and staff education (22% of the farmers; 26% of the veterinarians). Reduced usage of antimicrobials for oral use accounted for 89% of the total reduction in antimicrobial use. Among the farmers, 13% also stated that change in choice of product had contributed to reducing their antimicrobial consumption. However, when analyzing purchase data, no general trend was seen towards a larger purchase of products with a higher registered dosage per kg animal compared to similar products. The findings of this study indicate that implementation of antimicrobial restrictive legislation at herd - level may lead to a variety of antimicrobial reducing initiatives in both herds with a high - and herds with a low previous level of antimicrobial consumption.
28237240	0	13	Antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	14	23	reduction	T080	C0392756
28237240	24	32	measures	T081	C0079809
28237240	44	54	Danish pig	T015	C0039005
28237240	55	60	herds	T078	C0441833
28237240	75	87	introduction	T169	C0579004
28237240	95	129	"Yellow Card" antimicrobial scheme	T170	C1519193
28237240	140	152	introduction	T169	C0579004
28237240	160	173	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	174	185	restrictive	T169	C0443288
28237240	188	206	Yellow Card Scheme	T170	C1519193
28237240	227	232	rapid	T080	C0456962
28237240	233	241	decrease	T081	C0547047
28237240	249	268	Danish national pig	T015	C0039005
28237240	269	282	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	283	294	consumption	T039	C1947907
28237240	344	355	investigate	T169	C1292732
28237240	362	370	measures	T081	C0079809
28237240	380	391	implemented	T052	C1708476
28237240	395	401	reduce	T080	C0392756
28237240	406	419	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	420	431	consumption	T039	C1947907
28237240	445	452	farmers	T097	C0221460
28237240	457	470	veterinarians	T097	C0242856
28237240	496	507	investigate	T169	C1292732
28237240	516	524	measures	T081	C0079809
28237240	547	553	herds'	T078	C0441833
28237240	554	567	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	568	576	purchase	T052	C0870238
28237240	577	581	data	T078	C1511726
28237240	592	614	national register data	T078	C1511726
28237240	620	627	VetStat	T170	C0282574
28237240	636	661	Central Husbandry Registe	T170	C0242356
28237240	669	685	study population	T098	C2348561
28237240	705	715	Danish pig	T015	C0039005
28237240	716	721	herds	T078	C0441833
28237240	732	741	decreased	T081	C0205216
28237240	748	754	annual	T079	C0332181
28237240	755	768	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	769	780	consumption	T039	C1947907
28237240	805	817	introduction	T169	C0579004
28237240	825	843	Yellow Card Scheme	T170	C1519193
28237240	844	853	comparing	T052	C1707455
28237240	924	937	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28237240	938	945	surveys	T170	C0038951
28237240	954	961	farmers	T097	C0221460
28237240	966	979	veterinarians	T097	C0242856
28237240	998	1010	resulting in	T169	C0332294
28237240	1011	1020	responses	T041	C2911692
28237240	1030	1037	farmers	T097	C0221460
28237240	1057	1062	herds	T078	C0441833
28237240	1092	1105	veterinarians	T097	C0242856
28237240	1125	1130	herds	T078	C0441833
28237240	1145	1157	introduction	T169	C0579004
28237240	1165	1183	Yellow Card Scheme	T170	C1519193
28237240	1196	1209	participating	T169	C0679823
28237240	1210	1215	herds	T078	C0441833
28237240	1223	1236	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	1237	1248	consumption	T039	C1947907
28237240	1265	1275	age groups	T100	C0596090
28237240	1295	1313	Yellow Card Scheme	T170	C1519193
28237240	1314	1330	threshold values	T080	C0449864
28237240	1334	1347	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	1348	1359	consumption	T039	C1947907
28237240	1378	1383	herds	T078	C0441833
28237240	1391	1404	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	1405	1416	consumption	T039	C1947907
28237240	1427	1443	national average	T081	C1510992
28237240	1449	1457	measures	T081	C0079809
28237240	1510	1523	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	1524	1533	reduction	T080	C0392756
28237240	1539	1548	increased	T081	C0205217
28237240	1549	1552	use	T169	C0457083
28237240	1556	1564	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
28237240	1573	1580	farmers	T097	C0221460
28237240	1593	1606	veterinarians	T097	C0242856
28237240	1614	1617	use	T169	C0457083
28237240	1621	1637	group medication	T121	C0013227
28237240	1650	1657	farmers	T097	C0221460
28237240	1670	1683	veterinarians	T097	C0242856
28237240	1689	1704	staff education	T065	C0588974
28237240	1717	1724	farmers	T097	C0221460
28237240	1737	1750	veterinarians	T097	C0242856
28237240	1753	1760	Reduced	T080	C0392756
28237240	1761	1766	usage	T169	C0457083
28237240	1770	1784	antimicrobials	T121	C1136254
28237240	1829	1838	reduction	T080	C0392756
28237240	1842	1855	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	1856	1859	use	T169	C0457083
28237240	1871	1878	farmers	T097	C0221460
28237240	1901	1907	change	T169	C0392747
28237240	1911	1917	choice	T052	C1707391
28237240	1921	1928	product	T167	C1550506
28237240	1933	1944	contributed	T052	C1880177
28237240	1948	1956	reducing	T080	C0392756
28237240	1963	1976	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	1977	1988	consumption	T039	C1947907
28237240	2004	2013	analyzing	T062	C0936012
28237240	2014	2022	purchase	T052	C0870238
28237240	2023	2027	data	T078	C1511726
28237240	2072	2080	purchase	T052	C0870238
28237240	2084	2092	products	T167	C1550506
28237240	2118	2131	dosage per kg	T081	C0178602
28237240	2132	2138	animal	T008	C0003062
28237240	2159	2167	products	T167	C1550506
28237240	2173	2181	findings	T033	C0243095
28237240	2190	2195	study	T062	C2603343
28237240	2210	2224	implementation	T052	C1708476
28237240	2228	2241	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	2254	2265	legislation	T170	C0600657
28237240	2269	2273	herd	T078	C0441833
28237240	2276	2281	level	T080	C0441889
28237240	2307	2320	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	2321	2329	reducing	T080	C0392756
28237240	2350	2355	herds	T078	C0441833
28237240	2363	2367	high	T080	C0205250
28237240	2374	2379	herds	T078	C0441833
28237240	2387	2390	low	T080	C0205251
28237240	2400	2408	level of	T080	C0441889
28237240	2409	2422	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28237240	2423	2434	consumption	T039	C1947907

28237545|t|Enhancement of brain plasticity and recovery of locomotive function after lumbar spinal cord stimulation in combination with gait training with partial weight support in rats with cerebral ischemia
28237545|a|Lumbar spinal cord stimulation (LSCS) is reportedly effective for the recovery of locomotive intraspinal neural network, motor cortex and basal ganglia in animals with complete spinal cord injury and parkinsonism. We evaluated the effect of LSCS in combination with gait training on the recovery of locomotive function and brain plasticity using a rat model of brain ischemia. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats with ischemia were randomly assigned into one of four groups: sham treatment (group 1), LSCS only (group 2), LSCS with gait training and 50% (group 3) and 80% (group 4) of body weight support. Evaluations before randomization and 4 weeks after intervention included motor scoring index, real-time PCR and Western blot. Motor scoring index was significantly improved after the intervention in groups 2 and 3. The ratio of phospho-protein kinase C (PKC) to PKC measured in the infarcted area tended to be higher in groups 3 and 4. Protein expression of mGluR2 and mRNA expression of mGluR1 measured in the contralateral cortex were lower in groups 3 and 4. The ratio of phospho-Akt to Akt and mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor measured in the ischemic border zone were higher in group 2. The mRNA expression of MAP1b measured in the infarcted area was significantly higher in group 2. The findings suggest that LSCS and gait training with an adequate amount of body weight support may promote brain plasticity and facilitate the functional recovery.
28237545	0	11	Enhancement	T052	C2349975
28237545	15	20	brain	T023	C0006104
28237545	21	31	plasticity	T042	C0027880
28237545	36	44	recovery	T040	C2004454
28237545	48	67	locomotive function	T040	C0023946
28237545	74	104	lumbar spinal cord stimulation	T061	C0087111
28237545	108	119	combination	T080	C0205195
28237545	125	166	gait training with partial weight support	T061	C0556931
28237545	170	174	rats	T015	C0034721
28237545	180	197	cerebral ischemia	T047	C0917798
28237545	198	228	Lumbar spinal cord stimulation	T061	C0087111
28237545	230	234	LSCS	T061	C0087111
28237545	239	249	reportedly	T058	C0700287
28237545	250	259	effective	T080	C1704419
28237545	268	276	recovery	T040	C2004454
28237545	280	290	locomotive	T040	C0023946
28237545	291	302	intraspinal	T082	C1283188
28237545	303	317	neural network	T023	C0242406
28237545	319	331	motor cortex	T029	C0026607
28237545	336	349	basal ganglia	T023	C0004781
28237545	353	360	animals	T008	C0003062
28237545	366	374	complete	T080	C0205197
28237545	375	393	spinal cord injury	T037	C0037929
28237545	398	410	parkinsonism	T047	C0030567
28237545	415	424	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28237545	429	435	effect	T080	C1280500
28237545	439	443	LSCS	T061	C0087111
28237545	447	458	combination	T080	C0205195
28237545	464	477	gait training	T061	C0085673
28237545	485	493	recovery	T040	C2004454
28237545	497	516	locomotive function	T040	C0023946
28237545	521	526	brain	T023	C0006104
28237545	527	537	plasticity	T042	C0027880
28237545	546	549	rat	T015	C0034721
28237545	550	555	model	T170	C3161035
28237545	559	573	brain ischemia	T047	C0007786
28237545	575	605	Adult male Sprague Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
28237545	611	619	ischemia	T047	C0007786
28237545	625	633	randomly	T080	C0439605
28237545	634	642	assigned	T169	C1516050
28237545	660	666	groups	T078	C0441833
28237545	668	682	sham treatment	T061	C0032042
28237545	684	689	group	T078	C0441833
28237545	694	698	LSCS	T061	C0087111
28237545	705	710	group	T078	C0441833
28237545	715	719	LSCS	T061	C0087111
28237545	725	738	gait training	T061	C0085673
28237545	748	753	group	T078	C0441833
28237545	766	771	group	T078	C0441833
28237545	778	789	body weight	T032	C0005910
28237545	799	810	Evaluations	T058	C0220825
28237545	818	831	randomization	T062	C0034656
28237545	838	843	weeks	T079	C0439230
28237545	850	862	intervention	T061	C0184661
28237545	863	871	included	T169	C0332257
28237545	872	891	motor scoring index	T081	C0392762
28237545	893	906	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
28237545	911	923	Western blot	T059	C0949466
28237545	925	944	Motor scoring index	T081	C0392762
28237545	949	962	significantly	T078	C0750502
28237545	963	971	improved	T033	C0184511
28237545	982	994	intervention	T061	C0184661
28237545	998	1004	groups	T078	C0441833
28237545	1018	1023	ratio	T081	C0456603
28237545	1027	1051	phospho-protein kinase C	T116,T126	C0033634
28237545	1053	1056	PKC	T116,T126	C0033634
28237545	1061	1064	PKC	T116,T126	C0033634
28237545	1065	1073	measured	T080	C0444706
28237545	1081	1095	infarcted area	T082	C1254362
28237545	1109	1115	higher	T080	C0205250
28237545	1119	1125	groups	T078	C0441833
28237545	1135	1153	Protein expression	T045	C1171362
28237545	1157	1163	mGluR2	T116,T192	C0667282
28237545	1168	1183	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28237545	1187	1193	mGluR1	T028	C1333711
28237545	1194	1202	measured	T080	C0444706
28237545	1210	1223	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28237545	1224	1230	cortex	T023	C0007776
28237545	1236	1241	lower	T052	C2003888
28237545	1245	1251	groups	T078	C0441833
28237545	1265	1270	ratio	T081	C0456603
28237545	1274	1285	phospho-Akt	T116,T123	C0033684
28237545	1289	1292	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
28237545	1297	1312	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28237545	1316	1350	vascular endothelial growth factor	T028	C0812325
28237545	1351	1359	measured	T080	C0444706
28237545	1367	1387	ischemic border zone	T082	C1254362
28237545	1393	1399	higher	T080	C0205250
28237545	1403	1408	group	T078	C0441833
28237545	1416	1431	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28237545	1435	1440	MAP1b	T028	C1417004
28237545	1441	1449	measured	T080	C0444706
28237545	1457	1471	infarcted area	T082	C1254362
28237545	1476	1489	significantly	T078	C0750502
28237545	1490	1496	higher	T080	C0205250
28237545	1500	1505	group	T078	C0441833
28237545	1513	1521	findings	T169	C2607943
28237545	1522	1529	suggest	T078	C1705535
28237545	1535	1539	LSCS	T061	C0087111
28237545	1544	1557	gait training	T061	C0085673
28237545	1566	1574	adequate	T080	C0205411
28237545	1575	1581	amount	T081	C1265611
28237545	1585	1596	body weight	T032	C0005910
28237545	1609	1616	promote	T052	C0033414
28237545	1617	1622	brain	T023	C0006104
28237545	1623	1633	plasticity	T042	C0027880
28237545	1653	1672	functional recovery	T040	C2004454

28237762|t|Synthesis, SAR and molecular docking study of novel non-β-lactam inhibitors of TEM type β-lactamase
28237762|a|The novel classes of acylated phenoxyanilide and thiourea compounds were investigated for their ability to inhibit TEM type β-lactamase enzyme. Two compounds 4g and 5c reveal the inhibition potency in micromolar range and show their action by non-covalent binding in the vicinity of the TEM-171 active site. The structure activity relationship around carbon chain length and different substituents in ortho- and para-positions of acylated phenoxyanilide as well as molecular modelling study has been performed.
28237762	0	9	Synthesis	T070	C0007987
28237762	11	14	SAR	T080	C0038477
28237762	19	36	molecular docking	T063	C3494273
28237762	37	42	study	T062	C2603343
28237762	52	75	non-β-lactam inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28237762	79	99	TEM type β-lactamase	T116,T126	C0597979
28237762	121	144	acylated phenoxyanilide	T121	C1254351
28237762	149	167	thiourea compounds	T121	C1254351
28237762	173	185	investigated	T169	C1292732
28237762	207	214	inhibit	T039	C1524081
28237762	215	242	TEM type β-lactamase enzyme	T116,T126	C0597979
28237762	248	260	compounds 4g	T121	C1254351
28237762	265	267	5c	T121	C1254351
28237762	279	289	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28237762	290	297	potency	T081	C1710560
28237762	301	311	micromolar	T081	C0439194
28237762	333	339	action	T052	C3266814
28237762	343	363	non-covalent binding	T044	C1167622
28237762	387	394	TEM-171	T116,T126	C0597979
28237762	395	406	active site	T169	C0205681
28237762	412	443	structure activity relationship	T080	C0038477
28237762	451	470	carbon chain length	T081	C0596310
28237762	485	526	substituents in ortho- and para-positions	UnknownType	C0680963
28237762	530	553	acylated phenoxyanilide	T121	C1254351
28237762	565	584	molecular modelling	T062,T170	C0600115
28237762	585	590	study	T062	C2603343

28237781|t|Metabolic responses of the growing Daphnia similis to chronic AgNPs exposure as revealed by GC-Q-TOF/MS and LC-Q-TOF/MS
28237781|a|Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials. Their fast-growing utilization has increased the occurrence of AgNPs in the environment, posing potential health and ecological risks. In this study, we conducted chronic toxicity tests and investigated the metabolic changes of the growing Daphna similis with exposure to 0, 0.02, and 1 ppb AgNPs, using non-targeted mass spectrometry -based metabolomics. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the baseline metabolite change of a common aquatic organism Daphnia crustacean through its life-cycle. The results show a dynamic kinetic pattern of the growing Daphnia's metabolome underwent a cycle from day 0 to day 21, with the level of metabolites gradually increasing from day 0 to day 13, before falling back to the baseline level of day 0 on day 21. As for the samples exposed to environmental concentrations of AgNPs, although without morphological or structural changes, numerous metabolite changes occurred abruptly during the first 10 days, and these changes reached steady state by day 13. The significant changes in certain metabolites, such as amino acids (serine, threonine and tyrosine), sugars (d-allose) and fatty acids (arachidonic acid) revealed new insights into how these metabolites in Daphnia respond to chronic AgNPs stress. These findings highlight the capability of metabolomics to discover early metabolic responses to environmental silver nanoparticles.
28237781	0	19	Metabolic responses	T033	C4054530
28237781	35	50	Daphnia similis	T204	C1005664
28237781	54	61	chronic	T079	C0205191
28237781	62	67	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
28237781	92	103	GC-Q-TOF/MS	T059	C0599827
28237781	108	119	LC-Q-TOF/MS	T059	C0599827
28237781	120	126	Silver	T196	C0037125
28237781	127	140	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
28237781	142	147	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
28237781	181	194	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28237781	202	214	fast-growing	T033	C4086299
28237781	231	240	increased	T081	C0205217
28237781	259	264	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
28237781	272	283	environment	T082	C0014406
28237781	302	329	health and ecological risks	T078	C0035647
28237781	359	381	chronic toxicity tests	T060	C1136118
28237781	403	412	metabolic	T123	C0870883
28237781	413	420	changes	T169	C0392747
28237781	436	450	Daphna similis	T204	C1005664
28237781	456	467	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28237781	487	492	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
28237781	500	530	non-targeted mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28237781	538	550	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
28237781	620	628	baseline	T081	C1442488
28237781	629	639	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28237781	640	646	change	T169	C0392747
28237781	659	675	aquatic organism	T001	C0596121
28237781	676	694	Daphnia crustacean	T204	C0010979
28237781	707	717	life-cycle	T079	C0023675
28237781	738	761	dynamic kinetic pattern	T033	C0243095
28237781	777	786	Daphnia's	T204	C0010979
28237781	787	797	metabolome	T070	C2350399
28237781	810	815	cycle	T079	C0023675
28237781	821	824	day	T079	C0439228
28237781	830	833	day	T079	C0439228
28237781	847	852	level	T080	C0441889
28237781	856	867	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28237781	878	888	increasing	T169	C0442808
28237781	894	897	day	T079	C0439228
28237781	903	906	day	T079	C0439228
28237781	938	946	baseline	T081	C1442488
28237781	947	952	level	T080	C0441889
28237781	956	959	day	T079	C0439228
28237781	965	968	day	T079	C0439228
28237781	984	991	samples	T167	C0370003
28237781	992	1002	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28237781	1003	1031	environmental concentrations	T081	C0392762
28237781	1035	1040	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
28237781	1059	1094	morphological or structural changes	T033	C0243095
28237781	1105	1115	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28237781	1116	1123	changes	T169	C0392747
28237781	1162	1166	days	T079	C0439228
28237781	1178	1185	changes	T169	C0392747
28237781	1194	1206	steady state	T070	C0678587
28237781	1210	1213	day	T079	C0439228
28237781	1234	1241	changes	T169	C0392747
28237781	1253	1264	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28237781	1274	1285	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28237781	1287	1293	serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28237781	1295	1304	threonine	T116,T121,T123	C0040005
28237781	1309	1317	tyrosine	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
28237781	1320	1326	sugars	T109,T121	C0242209
28237781	1328	1336	d-allose	T109	C0894158
28237781	1342	1353	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
28237781	1355	1371	arachidonic acid	T109	C0003695
28237781	1410	1421	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28237781	1425	1432	Daphnia	T204	C0010979
28237781	1444	1451	chronic	T079	C0205191
28237781	1452	1457	AgNPs	T073	C1721060
28237781	1458	1464	stress	T070	C0038442
28237781	1472	1480	findings	T169	C2607943
28237781	1495	1505	capability	T080	C2698977
28237781	1509	1521	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
28237781	1540	1559	metabolic responses	T033	C4054530
28237781	1563	1576	environmental	T082	C0014406
28237781	1577	1583	silver	T196	C0037125
28237781	1584	1597	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060

28237856|t|Wogonin, a plant derived small molecule, exerts potent anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects through the activation of ROS / ERK / Nrf2 signaling pathways in human Osteoarthritis chondrocytes
28237856|a|Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, is the most common form of human arthritis. Here, we evaluated the potential chondroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of Wogonin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, in IL-1β -stimulated human OA chondrocytes and cartilage explants. Wogonin completely suppressed the expression and production of inflammatory mediators including IL-6, COX-2, PGE2, iNOS and NO in IL-1β -stimulated OA chondrocytes. Further, Wogonin exhibits potent chondroprotective potential by switching the signaling axis of matrix degradation from catabolic towards anabolic ends and inhibited the expression, production and activities of matrix degrading proteases including MMP-13, MMP-3, MMP-9, and ADAMTS-4 in OA chondrocytes, and blocked the release of s-GAG and COL2A1 in IL-1β -stimulated OA cartilage explants. Wogonin also elevated the expression of cartilage anabolic factors COL2A1 and ACAN in chondrocytes and inhibited the IL-1β -mediated depletion of COL2A1 and proteoglycan content in the matrix of cartilage explants. The suppressive effect of Wogonin was not mediated through the inhibition of MAPKs or NF-κB activation. Instead, Wogonin induced mild oxidative stress through the generation of ROS and depletion of cellular GSH, thereby modulating the cellular redox leading to the induction of Nrf2 / ARE pathways through activation of ROS / ERK / Nrf2 / HO-1 - SOD2 - NQO1 - GCLC signaling axis in OA chondrocytes. Molecular docking studies revealed that Wogonin can disrupt KEAP-1 / Nrf-2 interaction by directly blocking the binding site of Nrf-2 in the KEAP-1 protein. Genetic ablation of Nrf2 using specific siRNA, significantly abrogated the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective potential of Wogonin in IL-1β -stimulated OA chondrocytes. Our data indicates that Wogonin exerts chondroprotective effects through the suppression of molecular events involved in oxidative stress, inflammation and matrix degradation in OA chondrocytes and cartilage explants. The study provides novel insights into the development of Nrf2 as a promising candidate and Wogonin as a therapeutic agent for the management of OA.
28237856	0	7	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	11	16	plant	T002	C0032098
28237856	31	39	molecule	T167	C0567416
28237856	55	72	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
28237856	77	102	chondroprotective effects	T033	C0243095
28237856	115	125	activation	T044	C1148560
28237856	129	132	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28237856	135	138	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28237856	141	145	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28237856	146	164	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
28237856	168	173	human	T016	C0086418
28237856	174	188	Osteoarthritis	T047	C0029408
28237856	189	201	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28237856	202	216	Osteoarthritis	T047	C0029408
28237856	218	220	OA	T047	C0029408
28237856	240	251	progressive	T169	C0205329
28237856	252	263	destruction	T052	C1948029
28237856	267	287	articular cartilage,	T024	C0007303
28237856	315	320	human	T016	C0086418
28237856	321	330	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28237856	341	350	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28237856	355	364	potential	T080	C3245505
28237856	365	382	chondroprotective	T033	C0243095
28237856	387	412	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
28237856	416	423	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	427	436	naturally	T169	C0205296
28237856	447	456	flavonoid	T109	C0596577
28237856	461	466	IL-1β	T116,T123	C1702300
28237856	479	484	human	T016	C0086418
28237856	485	487	OA	T047	C0029408
28237856	488	500	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28237856	505	514	cartilage	T024	C0007303
28237856	515	523	explants	T074	C0025080
28237856	525	532	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	544	554	suppressed	T045	C0038855
28237856	559	569	expression	T045	C1171362
28237856	574	584	production	T038	C3714634
28237856	588	610	inflammatory mediators	T121	C0243042
28237856	621	625	IL-6	T116,T123	C1698754
28237856	627	632	COX-2	T116,T126	C1565860
28237856	634	638	PGE2	T109,T121,T125	C0012472
28237856	640	644	iNOS	T116,T126	C0669372
28237856	649	651	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28237856	655	660	IL-1β	T116,T123	C1702300
28237856	673	675	OA	T047	C0029408
28237856	676	688	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28237856	699	706	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	723	740	chondroprotective	T033	C0243095
28237856	741	750	potential	T080	C3245505
28237856	754	763	switching	T169	C0392747
28237856	768	782	signaling axis	T044	C0037080
28237856	786	804	matrix degradation	T043	C1517052
28237856	810	819	catabolic	T040	C0699900
28237856	828	841	anabolic ends	T038	C0220781
28237856	846	855	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28237856	860	870	expression	T045	C1171362
28237856	872	882	production	T038	C3714634
28237856	887	897	activities	T052	C0441655
28237856	901	917	matrix degrading	T043	C1517052
28237856	918	927	proteases	T116,T126	C1947941
28237856	938	944	MMP-13	T116,T126	C1567335
28237856	946	951	MMP-3	T116,T126	C1723257
28237856	953	958	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
28237856	964	972	ADAMTS-4	T116,T126	C4255123
28237856	976	978	OA	T047	C0029408
28237856	979	991	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28237856	997	1004	blocked	T169	C0332206
28237856	1009	1016	release	T169	C0391871
28237856	1020	1025	s-GAG	T109,T121	C0119860
28237856	1030	1036	COL2A1	T116,T123	C1505419
28237856	1040	1045	IL-1β	T116,T123	C1702300
28237856	1058	1060	OA	T047	C0029408
28237856	1061	1070	cartilage	T024	C0007303
28237856	1071	1079	explants	T074	C0025080
28237856	1081	1088	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	1094	1102	elevated	T080	C3163633
28237856	1107	1117	expression	T045	C1171362
28237856	1121	1130	cartilage	T024	C0007303
28237856	1131	1139	anabolic	T038	C0220781
28237856	1140	1147	factors	T169	C1521761
28237856	1148	1154	COL2A1	T116,T123	C1505419
28237856	1159	1163	ACAN	T116,T123	C1429453
28237856	1167	1179	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28237856	1184	1193	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28237856	1198	1203	IL-1β	T116,T123	C1702300
28237856	1214	1223	depletion	T169	C0333668
28237856	1227	1233	COL2A1	T116,T123	C1505419
28237856	1238	1250	proteoglycan	T116,T123	C0033692
28237856	1251	1258	content	T077	C0456205
28237856	1266	1285	matrix of cartilage	T024	C0225371
28237856	1286	1294	explants	T074	C0025080
28237856	1300	1311	suppressive	T045	C0038855
28237856	1312	1318	effect	T080	C1280500
28237856	1322	1329	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	1359	1369	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28237856	1373	1378	MAPKs	T116,T126	C0752312
28237856	1382	1387	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28237856	1388	1398	activation	T045	C0599177
28237856	1409	1416	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	1430	1446	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28237856	1459	1476	generation of ROS	T038	C3894443
28237856	1481	1490	depletion	T169	C0333668
28237856	1494	1502	cellular	T025	C0007634
28237856	1503	1506	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
28237856	1516	1545	modulating the cellular redox	T043	C2754666
28237856	1561	1570	induction	T169	C0205263
28237856	1574	1578	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28237856	1581	1584	ARE	T114,T123	C3494205
28237856	1585	1593	pathways	T044	C0037080
28237856	1602	1612	activation	T044	C1148560
28237856	1616	1619	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28237856	1622	1625	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28237856	1628	1632	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28237856	1635	1639	HO-1	T116,T126	C0538674
28237856	1642	1646	SOD2	T116,T126	C0968147
28237856	1649	1653	NQO1	T116,T126	C1136197
28237856	1656	1660	GCLC	T116,T126	C1522376
28237856	1661	1675	signaling axis	T044	C0037080
28237856	1679	1681	OA	T047	C0029408
28237856	1682	1694	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28237856	1696	1721	Molecular docking studies	T170	C3494274
28237856	1736	1743	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	1748	1755	disrupt	T080	C0332454
28237856	1756	1762	KEAP-1	T116	C3810577
28237856	1765	1770	Nrf-2	T116,T123	C0289507
28237856	1771	1782	interaction	T044	C0872079
28237856	1795	1803	blocking	T169	C0332206
28237856	1808	1820	binding site	T192	C0005456
28237856	1824	1829	Nrf-2	T116,T123	C0289507
28237856	1837	1851	KEAP-1 protein	T116	C3810577
28237856	1853	1860	Genetic	T169	C0314603
28237856	1861	1869	ablation	T061	C0547070
28237856	1873	1877	Nrf2	T028	C1417701
28237856	1893	1898	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28237856	1928	1945	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
28237856	1950	1967	chondroprotective	T033	C0243095
28237856	1968	1977	potential	T080	C3245505
28237856	1981	1988	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	1992	1997	IL-1β	T116,T123	C1702300
28237856	2010	2012	OA	T047	C0029408
28237856	2013	2025	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28237856	2051	2058	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	2066	2091	chondroprotective effects	T033	C0243095
28237856	2104	2115	suppression	T045	C0038855
28237856	2119	2135	molecular events	T044	C0599845
28237856	2148	2164	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28237856	2166	2178	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28237856	2183	2201	matrix degradation	T043	C1517052
28237856	2205	2207	OA	T047	C0029408
28237856	2208	2220	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28237856	2225	2234	cartilage	T024	C0007303
28237856	2235	2243	explants	T074	C0025080
28237856	2303	2307	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28237856	2337	2344	Wogonin	T109	C0251223
28237856	2350	2367	therapeutic agent	T121	C1611640
28237856	2376	2386	management	T058	C0376636
28237856	2390	2392	OA	T047	C0029408

28237953|t|Evaluating the relative effectiveness of high-intensity and low-intensity models of behaviour change communication interventions for abortion care-seeking in Bihar and Jharkhand, India: a cross-sectional study
28237953|a|This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a high-intensity model (HIM) and a low-intensity model (LIM) of behaviour change communication interventions in Bihar and Jharkhand states of India designed to improve women's knowledge and usage of safe abortion services, as well as the dose effect of intervention exposure. We conducted two cross-sectional household surveys among married women aged 15-49 years in intervention and comparison districts. Difference-in-difference models were used to assess the efficacy of the intervention, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Although both intervention types improved abortion knowledge, the HIM intervention was more effective in improving comprehensive knowledge about abortion. In particular, there were improvements in knowledge on legality of abortion (AOR=2.2; 95% CI 1.6 to 2.9) and nearby sources of safe abortion care (AOR=1.7; 95% CI 1.2 to 1.3). Higher level of exposure to abortion-related messages was related to more accurate knowledge about abortion within both intervention groups. Evidence was mixed on changes in abortion care-seeking behaviour. More work is needed to ensure that women seek safe abortion services in lieu of informal services that may be more likely to lead to postabortion complications.
28237953	15	37	relative effectiveness	T081	C0035023
28237953	41	55	high-intensity	T185	C4081854
28237953	60	80	low-intensity models	T081	C0392762
28237953	84	100	behaviour change	T055	C0542299
28237953	101	128	communication interventions	T061	C1274143
28237953	133	141	abortion	T033	C0156543
28237953	142	154	care-seeking	T055	C0018695
28237953	158	163	Bihar	UnknownType	C0681784
28237953	168	177	Jharkhand	UnknownType	C0681784
28237953	179	184	India	T083	C0021201
28237953	188	209	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28237953	242	255	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28237953	261	281	high-intensity model	T185	C4081854
28237953	283	286	HIM	T185	C4081854
28237953	294	313	low-intensity model	T081	C0392762
28237953	315	318	LIM	T081	C0392762
28237953	323	339	behaviour change	T055	C0542299
28237953	340	367	communication interventions	T061	C1274143
28237953	371	376	Bihar	UnknownType	C0681784
28237953	381	390	Jharkhand	UnknownType	C0681784
28237953	401	406	India	T083	C0021201
28237953	427	434	women's	T098	C0043210
28237953	435	444	knowledge	T033	C1948177
28237953	458	471	safe abortion	T033	C0156543
28237953	497	508	dose effect	UnknownType	C0683160
28237953	512	524	intervention	T061	C0184661
28237953	552	585	cross-sectional household surveys	T062	C0010362
28237953	592	599	married	T033	C0555047
28237953	600	605	women	T098	C0043210
28237953	606	610	aged	T032	C0001779
28237953	626	638	intervention	T061	C0184661
28237953	654	663	districts	UnknownType	C0681784
28237953	665	696	Difference-in-difference models	T081	C0392762
28237953	721	729	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28237953	737	749	intervention	T061	C0184661
28237953	765	797	sociodemographic characteristics	T033	C0243095
28237953	813	825	intervention	T061	C0184661
28237953	841	849	abortion	T033	C0156543
28237953	850	859	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28237953	865	868	HIM	T185	C4081854
28237953	869	881	intervention	T061	C0184661
28237953	914	937	comprehensive knowledge	T170	C0376554
28237953	944	952	abortion	T033	C0156543
28237953	996	1005	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28237953	1009	1029	legality of abortion	T061	C0000812
28237953	1081	1099	safe abortion care	T058	C3697217
28237953	1213	1222	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28237953	1229	1237	abortion	T033	C0156543
28237953	1250	1262	intervention	T061	C0184661
28237953	1304	1312	abortion	T033	C0156543
28237953	1313	1325	care-seeking	T055	C0018695
28237953	1326	1335	behaviour	T053	C0004927
28237953	1372	1377	women	T098	C0043210
28237953	1383	1396	safe abortion	T033	C0156543
28237953	1470	1496	postabortion complications	T046	C0851640

28237961|t|Healthcare usage and economic impact of non-treated obesity in Italy: findings from a retrospective administrative and clinical database analysis
28237961|a|Investigate the prevalence of obesity in Italy and examine its resource consumption and economic impact on the Italian national healthcare system (NHS). Retrospective, observational and real-life study. Data from three health units from Northern (Bergamo, Lombardy), Central (Grosseto, Tuscany) and Southern (Naples, Campania) Italy. All patients aged ≥18 years with at least one recorded body mass index (BMI) measurement between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2012 were included. Information retrieved from the databases included primary care data, medical prescriptions, specialist consultations and hospital discharge records from 2009-2013. Costs associated with these data were also calculated. Data are presented for two time periods (1 year after BMI measurement and study end). Primary -to estimate health resources consumption and the associated economic impact on the Italian NHS. Secondary -the prevalence and characteristics of subjects by BMI category. 20 159 adult subjects with at least one documented BMI measurement. Subjects with BMI ≥30 kg/m(2) were defined as obese. The prevalence of obesity was 22.2% (N=4471) and increased with age. At the 1-year observation period, obese subjects who did not receive treatment for their obesity experienced longer durations of hospitalisation (median length: 5 days vs 3 days), used more prescription drugs (75.0% vs 57.7%), required more specialised outpatient healthcare (mean number: 5.3 vs 4.4) and were associated with greater costs, primarily owing to prescription drugs and hospital admissions (mean annual cost per year per patient: €460.6 vs €288.0 for drug prescriptions, €422.7 vs € 279.2 for hospitalisations and €283.2 vs €251.7 for outpatient care), compared with normal weight subjects. Similar findings were observed for the period up to data cut-off (mean follow-up of 2.7 years). Untreated obesity has a significant economic impact on the Italian healthcare system, highlighting the need to raise awareness and proactively treat obese subjects.
28237961	0	10	Healthcare	T058	C0086388
28237961	11	16	usage	T169	C0457083
28237961	21	36	economic impact	T081	C0681024
28237961	40	51	non-treated	T033	C0332155
28237961	52	59	obesity	T047	C0028754
28237961	63	68	Italy	T083	C0022277
28237961	70	78	findings	T169	C2607943
28237961	86	99	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28237961	100	114	administrative	T033	C3845829
28237961	119	136	clinical database	T170	C1516642
28237961	137	145	analysis	T062	C0936012
28237961	146	157	Investigate	T169	C1292732
28237961	162	172	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28237961	176	183	obesity	T047	C0028754
28237961	187	192	Italy	T083	C0022277
28237961	209	217	resource	T078	C0035201
28237961	218	229	consumption	T033	C0243095
28237961	234	249	economic impact	T081	C0681024
28237961	257	264	Italian	T083	C0022277
28237961	265	291	national healthcare system	T170	C0282574
28237961	293	296	NHS	T170	C0282574
28237961	299	312	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
28237961	314	327	observational	T062	C1518527
28237961	332	347	real-life study	T062	C2603343
28237961	349	353	Data	T078	C1511726
28237961	365	377	health units	T093	C1708333
28237961	383	391	Northern	T082	C1709269
28237961	393	400	Bergamo	T083	C0017446
28237961	402	410	Lombardy	T083	C0017446
28237961	413	420	Central	T082	C0205099
28237961	422	430	Grosseto	T083	C0017446
28237961	432	439	Tuscany	T083	C0017446
28237961	445	453	Southern	T082	C1710133
28237961	455	461	Naples	T083	C0017446
28237961	463	471	Campania	T083	C0017446
28237961	473	478	Italy	T083	C0022277
28237961	484	492	patients	T101	C0030705
28237961	493	497	aged	T032	C0001779
28237961	498	507	≥18 years	T079	C0439234
28237961	535	550	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28237961	552	555	BMI	T201	C1305855
28237961	557	568	measurement	T169	C0242485
28237961	628	639	Information	T078	C1533716
28237961	659	668	databases	T170	C0242356
28237961	678	695	primary care data	T078	C1511726
28237961	697	718	medical prescriptions	T170	C1521941
28237961	720	744	specialist consultations	T058	C2090905
28237961	749	775	hospital discharge records	T170	C0743221
28237961	792	797	Costs	T081	C0010186
28237961	798	813	associated with	T080	C0332281
28237961	820	824	data	T078	C1511726
28237961	835	845	calculated	T052	C1441506
28237961	847	851	Data	T078	C1511726
28237961	874	886	time periods	T079	C1948053
28237961	888	894	1 year	T079	C0439234
28237961	901	904	BMI	T201	C1305855
28237961	905	916	measurement	T169	C0242485
28237961	933	940	Primary	T080	C0205225
28237961	945	953	estimate	T081	C0750572
28237961	954	970	health resources	T078	C0018741
28237961	971	982	consumption	T033	C0243095
28237961	1002	1017	economic impact	T081	C0681024
28237961	1025	1032	Italian	T083	C0022277
28237961	1033	1036	NHS	T170	C0282574
28237961	1038	1047	Secondary	T081	C0205436
28237961	1053	1063	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28237961	1068	1083	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28237961	1087	1095	subjects	T098	C0080105
28237961	1099	1102	BMI	T201	C1305855
28237961	1103	1111	category	T170	C0683312
28237961	1120	1125	adult	T100	C0001675
28237961	1126	1134	subjects	T098	C0080105
28237961	1153	1167	documented BMI	T033	C2724372
28237961	1168	1179	measurement	T169	C0242485
28237961	1181	1189	Subjects	T098	C0080105
28237961	1195	1198	BMI	T201	C1305855
28237961	1227	1232	obese	T047	C0028754
28237961	1238	1248	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28237961	1252	1259	obesity	T047	C0028754
28237961	1283	1292	increased	T081	C0205217
28237961	1298	1301	age	T032	C0001779
28237961	1310	1316	1-year	T079	C0439234
28237961	1317	1328	observation	T062	C0302523
28237961	1329	1335	period	T079	C1948053
28237961	1337	1342	obese	T047	C0028754
28237961	1343	1351	subjects	T098	C0080105
28237961	1372	1381	treatment	T061	C0087111
28237961	1392	1399	obesity	T047	C0028754
28237961	1412	1428	longer durations	T079	C0449238
28237961	1432	1447	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
28237961	1464	1470	5 days	T079	C0439228
28237961	1474	1480	3 days	T079	C0439228
28237961	1493	1511	prescription drugs	T121	C0304227
28237961	1544	1555	specialised	T077	C1704211
28237961	1556	1566	outpatient	T101	C0029921
28237961	1567	1577	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28237961	1579	1590	mean number	T081	C0392762
28237961	1613	1628	associated with	T080	C0332281
28237961	1629	1642	greater costs	T081	C0010186
28237961	1663	1681	prescription drugs	T121	C0304227
28237961	1686	1705	hospital admissions	T058	C0184666
28237961	1707	1723	mean annual cost	T081	C0010186
28237961	1728	1732	year	T079	C0439234
28237961	1737	1744	patient	T101	C0030705
28237961	1767	1785	drug prescriptions	T170	C0033081
28237961	1809	1825	hospitalisations	T058	C0019993
28237961	1851	1866	outpatient care	T058	C0002423
28237961	1883	1896	normal weight	T033	C2712185
28237961	1897	1905	subjects	T098	C0080105
28237961	1915	1923	findings	T169	C2607943
28237961	1946	1952	period	T079	C1948053
28237961	1959	1963	data	T078	C1511726
28237961	1978	1987	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28237961	2003	2012	Untreated	T033	C0332155
28237961	2013	2020	obesity	T047	C0028754
28237961	2039	2054	economic impact	T081	C0681024
28237961	2062	2069	Italian	T083	C0022277
28237961	2070	2087	healthcare system	T170	C0282574
28237961	2120	2129	awareness	T041	C0004448
28237961	2146	2151	treat	T061	C0087111
28237961	2158	2166	subjects	T098	C0080105

28238074|t|Atorvastatin -induced dermatomyositis
28238074|a|A 49-year- old man with no previous history of musculoskeletal or cutaneous problems who had a myocardial infarction (MI) was treated with atorvastatin, prasugrel, enoxaparine, and diltiazem following percutaneous coronary intervention. He was referred to our rheumatology outpatient clinic for rash and papules on the knuckles, face, and neck, as well as proximal muscle weakness. In the physical examination, a reddish rash on the face and Gottron's papules on the knuckles were detected. The skin biopsy performed indicated interface dermatitis with hydropic degeneration of basal keratinocytes, supporting the clinical impression of dermatomyositis. He was started on prednisolone 1 mg/kg/day. After 30 days of prednisolone therapy, all symptoms disappeared.
28238074	0	12	Atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
28238074	22	37	dermatomyositis	T047	C0011633
28238074	49	52	old	T079	C0580836
28238074	53	56	man	T032	C0086582
28238074	62	81	no previous history	T080	C0332122
28238074	85	100	musculoskeletal	T033	C0026859
28238074	104	122	cutaneous problems	T033	C0281822
28238074	133	154	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28238074	156	158	MI	T047	C0027051
28238074	164	176	treated with	T061	C0332293
28238074	177	189	atorvastatin	T109,T121	C0286651
28238074	191	200	prasugrel	T109,T121	C1620287
28238074	202	213	enoxaparine	T109,T121	C0206460
28238074	219	228	diltiazem	T109,T121	C0012373
28238074	239	273	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
28238074	298	328	rheumatology outpatient clinic	T073,T093	C0337983
28238074	333	337	rash	T184	C0015230
28238074	342	349	papules	T033	C0332563
28238074	357	365	knuckles	T030	C0025525
28238074	367	371	face	T029	C0015450
28238074	377	381	neck	T029	C0027530
28238074	394	418	proximal muscle weakness	T033	C0221629
28238074	427	447	physical examination	T058	C0031809
28238074	451	463	reddish rash	T184	C0015230
28238074	471	475	face	T029	C0015450
28238074	480	497	Gottron's papules	T033	C0423781
28238074	505	513	knuckles	T030	C0025525
28238074	519	527	detected	T033	C0442726
28238074	533	544	skin biopsy	T060	C0150866
28238074	565	585	interface dermatitis	T047	C0262981
28238074	591	612	hydropic degeneration	T046	C0333442
28238074	616	635	basal keratinocytes	T025	C0022567
28238074	652	671	clinical impression	T033	C2973287
28238074	675	690	dermatomyositis	T047	C0011633
28238074	710	722	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
28238074	753	765	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
28238074	766	773	therapy	T169	C0039798
28238074	779	787	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28238074	788	799	disappeared	T169	C0332197

28238559|t|Clinical course and therapeutic outcomes of operatively and non-operatively managed patients with denosumab -related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ)
28238559|a|Details regarding risk factors, onset, and outcomes for denosumab -related osteonecrosis (DRONJ) are sparse. This study examines the clinical characteristics and operative and non-operative therapeutic outcomes in patients with DRONJ not previously exposed to other antiresorptives. A retrospective medical record review was conducted, and data were collected, including clinical findings, management, healing outcomes, and radiologic, histologic, and micro-computed tomography (CT) analyses. Seventeen patients were treated with denosumab, with 14.1 ± 8.3 doses before DRONJ onset. The majority of lesions were observed at sites of dental prostheses (41%) and dental extractions (35%). Sixteen patients were managed non-operatively (10/16) or operatively (6/16) with either major (5/6) or minor surgery (1/6) and included in the follow-up analysis. Complete healing was significant in patients treated with major surgery (80%) compared to the non-operative group (20%; p < 0.035). Denosumab was discontinued in 60% of non-operative patients and major surgery patients with no effect on healing. Histologic findings of 4 patients analyzed exhibited a decreased number of osteocyte lacunae, and micro-CT of 3 patients scanned revealed trabecular thickening. DRONJ lesions occurred mostly at sites of prostheses sores after a mean of 14 doses of denosumab. Major surgery demonstrated more complete healing than non-operative management, and denosumab cessation did not improve healing outcomes.
28238559	0	15	Clinical course	T079	C0449259
28238559	20	40	therapeutic outcomes	T080	C0085415
28238559	44	55	operatively	T061	C0543467
28238559	60	75	non-operatively	T061	C0087111
28238559	84	92	patients	T101	C0030705
28238559	98	107	denosumab	T116,T121,T129	C1690432
28238559	117	141	osteonecrosis of the jaw	T047	C2902031
28238559	143	148	DRONJ	T047	C2902031
28238559	168	180	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28238559	193	201	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28238559	206	215	denosumab	T116,T121,T129	C1690432
28238559	225	238	osteonecrosis	T047	C2902031
28238559	240	245	DRONJ	T047	C2902031
28238559	264	269	study	T062	C2603343
28238559	283	307	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
28238559	312	321	operative	T061	C0543467
28238559	326	339	non-operative	T061	C0087111
28238559	340	360	therapeutic outcomes	T080	C0085415
28238559	364	372	patients	T101	C0030705
28238559	378	383	DRONJ	T047	C2902031
28238559	399	406	exposed	T080	C0332157
28238559	416	431	antiresorptives	T121	C0521941
28238559	435	448	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28238559	449	470	medical record review	T058	C0730229
28238559	490	494	data	T078	C1511726
28238559	500	509	collected	T169	C1516698
28238559	511	520	including	T169	C0332257
28238559	521	538	clinical findings	T184	C0037088
28238559	540	550	management	T058	C1516615
28238559	552	559	healing	T040	C0043240
28238559	560	568	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28238559	574	584	radiologic	T169	C0205483
28238559	586	596	histologic	T169	C0205462
28238559	602	627	micro-computed tomography	T060	C2350281
28238559	629	631	CT	T060	C2350281
28238559	633	641	analyses	T062	C0936012
28238559	653	661	patients	T101	C0030705
28238559	667	679	treated with	T061	C0332293
28238559	680	689	denosumab	T116,T121,T129	C1690432
28238559	707	712	doses	T081	C0178602
28238559	720	725	DRONJ	T047	C2902031
28238559	726	731	onset	T080	C0332162
28238559	749	756	lesions	T033	C0221198
28238559	762	770	observed	T169	C1441672
28238559	783	800	dental prostheses	T074	C0162686
28238559	811	829	dental extractions	T061	C0040440
28238559	845	853	patients	T101	C0030705
28238559	867	882	non-operatively	T061	C0087111
28238559	894	905	operatively	T061	C0543467
28238559	940	953	minor surgery	T061	C0038904
28238559	964	972	included	T169	C0332257
28238559	980	989	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28238559	990	998	analysis	T062	C0936012
28238559	1000	1008	Complete	T080	C0205197
28238559	1009	1016	healing	T040	C0043240
28238559	1021	1032	significant	T078	C0750502
28238559	1036	1044	patients	T101	C0030705
28238559	1045	1057	treated with	T061	C0332293
28238559	1058	1071	major surgery	T061	C0679637
28238559	1094	1107	non-operative	T061	C0087111
28238559	1132	1141	Denosumab	T116,T121,T129	C1690432
28238559	1146	1158	discontinued	T033	C1444662
28238559	1169	1182	non-operative	T061	C0087111
28238559	1183	1191	patients	T101	C0030705
28238559	1196	1209	major surgery	T061	C0679637
28238559	1210	1218	patients	T101	C0030705
28238559	1224	1233	no effect	T080	C1301751
28238559	1237	1244	healing	T040	C0043240
28238559	1246	1256	Histologic	T169	C0205462
28238559	1257	1265	findings	T169	C2607943
28238559	1271	1279	patients	T101	C0030705
28238559	1280	1288	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28238559	1301	1310	decreased	T081	C0205216
28238559	1321	1338	osteocyte lacunae	T030	C1180103
28238559	1344	1352	micro-CT	T060	C2350281
28238559	1358	1366	patients	T101	C0030705
28238559	1367	1374	scanned	T060	C0441633
28238559	1375	1383	revealed	T080	C0443289
28238559	1384	1394	trabecular	T024	C0222660
28238559	1395	1405	thickening	T033	C0205400
28238559	1407	1412	DRONJ	T047	C2902031
28238559	1413	1420	lesions	T033	C0221198
28238559	1449	1459	prostheses	T074	C0175649
28238559	1485	1490	doses	T081	C0178602
28238559	1494	1503	denosumab	T116,T121,T129	C1690432
28238559	1505	1518	Major surgery	T061	C0679637
28238559	1537	1545	complete	T080	C0205197
28238559	1546	1553	healing	T040	C0043240
28238559	1559	1583	non-operative management	T061	C0087111
28238559	1589	1598	denosumab	T116,T121,T129	C1690432
28238559	1599	1608	cessation	T052	C1880019
28238559	1625	1632	healing	T040	C0043240
28238559	1633	1641	outcomes	T169	C1274040

28238581|t|Correlation of Technetium-99m Macroaggregated Albumin and Yttrium-90 Glass Microsphere Biodistribution in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Retrospective Review of Pretreatment Single Photon Emission CT and Posttreatment Positron Emission Tomography/CT
28238581|a|To evaluate whether technetium-99 ((99m)Tc)-labeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) can predict subsequent yttrium-90 ((90)Y) distribution and imaging response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Retrospective review was performed of records of 83 patients with HCC who underwent (90)Y glass microsphere radioembolization with (99m)Tc-MAA single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and (90)Y positron emission tomography (PET)/CT between January 2013 and December 2014. Images were fused to segment the whole liver normal tissue (WLNT) and the largest tumors. Fused images were reviewed and analyzed for comparison of absorbed dose (AD) to tumors and WLNT as calculated from (99m)Tc-MAA SPECT and from (90)Y PET/CT, subjective imaging comparison of (99m)Tc-MAA SPECT and (90)Y PET for tumors and WLNT, and correlation of tumoral AD with response on follow-up CT. Final analysis included 73 and 63 patients for WLNT and tumor (99m)Tc-MAA / (90)Y correlation, respectively, and 62 patients for AD vs response. (99m)Tc-MAA / (90)Y limit of agreement for each reviewer was viewed as clinically acceptable only for WLNT (-15 to 15 Gy). AD interreviewer variability was clinically acceptable for WLNT but was too broad for tumor. Mean tumor AD for objective response (78%) was 313 Gy vs 234 Gy for nonresponders. No threshold was found between tumor AD and response (P > .1). Catheter mismatch between (99m)Tc-MAA and (90)Y had a direct impact on AD mismatch between the 2 image sets. (99m)Tc-MAA was found to be a poor surrogate to quantitatively predict subsequent (90)Y AD to hepatocellular tumors. (99m)Tc-MAA distribution correlated with (90)Y distribution in the normal hepatic parenchyma.
28238581	0	11	Correlation	T062,T170	C0010101
28238581	15	53	Technetium-99m Macroaggregated Albumin	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	58	68	Yttrium-90	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	69	86	Glass Microsphere	T074	C0026032
28238581	87	102	Biodistribution	T082	C1254362
28238581	106	130	Hepatocellular Carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28238581	134	154	Retrospective Review	T062	C0035363
28238581	158	196	Pretreatment Single Photon Emission CT	T060	C0032743
28238581	201	246	Posttreatment Positron Emission Tomography/CT	T060	C0032743
28238581	267	322	technetium-99 ((99m)Tc)-labeled macroaggregated albumin	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	324	327	MAA	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	352	362	yttrium-90	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	364	369	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	371	383	distribution	T169	C1704711
28238581	388	395	imaging	T060	C0011923
28238581	396	404	response	T032	C0871261
28238581	408	416	patients	T101	C0030705
28238581	422	446	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28238581	448	451	HCC	T191	C2239176
28238581	454	474	Retrospective review	T062	C0035363
28238581	492	499	records	T073,T170	C0019980
28238581	506	514	patients	T101	C0030705
28238581	520	523	HCC	T191	C2239176
28238581	538	543	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	544	561	glass microsphere	T074	C0026032
28238581	562	579	radioembolization	T061	C2985560
28238581	585	596	(99m)Tc-MAA	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	597	639	single photon emission computed tomography	T060	C0040399
28238581	641	646	SPECT	T060	C0040399
28238581	652	657	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	658	686	positron emission tomography	T060	C0032743
28238581	687	695	(PET)/CT	T060	C1699633
28238581	736	742	Images	T170	C1704254
28238581	748	753	fused	T169	C0699952
28238581	769	794	whole liver normal tissue	T023	C0736268
28238581	796	800	WLNT	T023	C0736268
28238581	818	824	tumors	T191	C0027651
28238581	826	831	Fused	T169	C0699952
28238581	832	838	images	T170	C1704254
28238581	844	852	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28238581	857	865	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28238581	870	880	comparison	T052	C1707455
28238581	884	897	absorbed dose	T081	C0454216
28238581	899	901	AD	T081	C0454216
28238581	906	912	tumors	T191	C0027651
28238581	917	921	WLNT	T023	C0736268
28238581	941	952	(99m)Tc-MAA	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	953	958	SPECT	T060	C0040399
28238581	968	973	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	974	980	PET/CT	T060	C1699633
28238581	993	1000	imaging	T060	C0011923
28238581	1001	1011	comparison	T052	C1707455
28238581	1015	1026	(99m)Tc-MAA	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	1027	1032	SPECT	T060	C0040399
28238581	1037	1042	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	1043	1046	PET	T060	C0032743
28238581	1051	1057	tumors	T191	C0027651
28238581	1062	1066	WLNT	T023	C0736268
28238581	1072	1083	correlation	T062,T170	C0010101
28238581	1087	1094	tumoral	T191	C0006826
28238581	1095	1097	AD	T081	C0454216
28238581	1103	1111	response	T032	C0871261
28238581	1115	1124	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28238581	1125	1127	CT	T060	C0040398
28238581	1129	1143	Final analysis	T170	C3899116
28238581	1163	1171	patients	T101	C0030705
28238581	1176	1180	WLNT	T023	C0736268
28238581	1185	1190	tumor	T191	C0027651
28238581	1191	1202	(99m)Tc-MAA	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	1205	1210	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	1211	1222	correlation	T062,T170	C0010101
28238581	1245	1253	patients	T101	C0030705
28238581	1258	1260	AD	T081	C0454216
28238581	1264	1272	response	T032	C0871261
28238581	1274	1285	(99m)Tc-MAA	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	1288	1293	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	1322	1330	reviewer	T098	C1882950
28238581	1345	1355	clinically	T080	C0205210
28238581	1356	1366	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28238581	1376	1380	WLNT	T023	C0736268
28238581	1397	1399	AD	T081	C0454216
28238581	1400	1413	interreviewer	T098	C1882950
28238581	1430	1440	clinically	T080	C0205210
28238581	1441	1451	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28238581	1456	1460	WLNT	T023	C0736268
28238581	1483	1488	tumor	T191	C0027651
28238581	1495	1500	tumor	T191	C0027651
28238581	1501	1503	AD	T081	C0454216
28238581	1518	1526	response	T032	C0871261
28238581	1558	1571	nonresponders	T098	C1257890
28238581	1604	1609	tumor	T191	C0027651
28238581	1610	1612	AD	T081	C0454216
28238581	1617	1625	response	T032	C0871261
28238581	1636	1644	Catheter	T074	C0085590
28238581	1645	1653	mismatch	T077	C1709041
28238581	1662	1673	(99m)Tc-MAA	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	1678	1683	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	1707	1709	AD	T081	C0454216
28238581	1710	1718	mismatch	T077	C1709041
28238581	1733	1738	image	T170	C1704254
28238581	1745	1756	(99m)Tc-MAA	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	1793	1807	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
28238581	1827	1832	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	1833	1835	AD	T081	C0454216
28238581	1839	1860	hepatocellular tumors	T191	C2239176
28238581	1862	1873	(99m)Tc-MAA	T130,T196	C3838747
28238581	1874	1886	distribution	T169	C1704711
28238581	1887	1897	correlated	T062,T170	C0010101
28238581	1903	1908	(90)Y	T130,T196	C0303596
28238581	1909	1921	distribution	T169	C1704711
28238581	1936	1954	hepatic parenchyma	T023	C0736268

28238845|t|Multilocus sequence typing analyses of Clostridium perfringens type A strains harboring tpeL and netB genes
28238845|a|Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic bacterium ubiquitous in various environments, especially in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans and animals. In this study, multilocus sequence typing protocol was used to investigate genotypic relationships among 40 C. perfringens strains isolated from humans and broiler chicken with necrotic enteritis [NE]. The results indicated a few clonal populations, mainly observed in human strains, with 32.5% of all strains associated with one of three clonal complexes and 30 sequences types. The CC-1 cluster showed an interesting and unexpected result because it contained seven strains [six from animals and one of human origin]. Detection assays for toxin genes tpeL and netB were also performed. The netB gene was only observed in 7.5% of the strains from healthy human. The toxin gene tpeL was detected in 22.5% of the C. perfringens strains isolated from three individuals and in six broilers with NE. Our study describes the role of some C. perfringens strains of human origin acting as reservoirs of virulence genes and sources of infection. In addition, the strains of human and animal origin were found to be genetically distinct but phylogenetically close, and the human strains showed more diversity than the animal strains.
28238845	0	26	Multilocus sequence typing	T062	C2936544
28238845	27	35	analyses	T062	C0936012
28238845	39	69	Clostridium perfringens type A	T007	C0315163
28238845	70	77	strains	T001	C1518614
28238845	88	92	tpeL	T028	C0017339
28238845	97	107	netB genes	T028	C0017339
28238845	108	131	Clostridium perfringens	T007	C0009063
28238845	138	157	anaerobic bacterium	T007	C0004613
28238845	158	168	ubiquitous	T081	C0392762
28238845	180	192	environments	T082	C0014406
28238845	208	212	soil	T167	C0037592
28238845	221	243	gastrointestinal tract	T022	C0017189
28238845	247	254	healthy	T080	C3898900
28238845	255	261	humans	T016	C0086418
28238845	266	273	animals	T008	C0003062
28238845	283	288	study	T062	C2603343
28238845	290	316	multilocus sequence typing	T062	C2936544
28238845	317	325	protocol	T170	C2348563
28238845	338	349	investigate	T169	C1292732
28238845	350	359	genotypic	T032	C0017431
28238845	360	373	relationships	T080	C0439849
28238845	383	397	C. perfringens	T007	C0009063
28238845	398	405	strains	T001	C1518614
28238845	406	414	isolated	T169	C0205409
28238845	420	426	humans	T016	C0086418
28238845	431	446	broiler chicken	T012	C2698565
28238845	452	470	necrotic enteritis	T047	C0267454
28238845	472	474	NE	T047	C0267454
28238845	481	488	results	T033	C0683954
28238845	489	498	indicated	T033	C1444656
28238845	505	511	clonal	T024	C1522642
28238845	512	523	populations	T081	C0032659
28238845	532	540	observed	T169	C1441672
28238845	544	549	human	T016	C0086418
28238845	550	557	strains	T001	C1518614
28238845	577	584	strains	T001	C1518614
28238845	585	595	associated	T080	C0332281
28238845	614	630	clonal complexes	T025	C0009013
28238845	638	647	sequences	T086	C0004793
28238845	659	671	CC-1 cluster	T062	C0009085
28238845	682	693	interesting	T041	C0543488
28238845	698	715	unexpected result	T033	C3844817
28238845	743	750	strains	T001	C1518614
28238845	761	768	animals	T008	C0003062
28238845	780	792	human origin	T016	C0086418
28238845	795	804	Detection	T061	C1511790
28238845	805	811	assays	T059	C0005507
28238845	816	827	toxin genes	T028	C1829720
28238845	828	832	tpeL	T028	C0017339
28238845	837	841	netB	T028	C0017339
28238845	867	876	netB gene	T028	C0017339
28238845	910	917	strains	T001	C1518614
28238845	923	930	healthy	T080	C3898900
28238845	931	936	human	T016	C0086418
28238845	942	952	toxin gene	T028	C1829720
28238845	953	957	tpeL	T028	C0017339
28238845	962	970	detected	T033	C0442726
28238845	987	1001	C. perfringens	T007	C0009063
28238845	1002	1009	strains	T001	C1518614
28238845	1010	1018	isolated	T169	C0205409
28238845	1030	1041	individuals	T098	C0237401
28238845	1053	1061	broilers	T012	C2698565
28238845	1067	1069	NE	T047	C0267454
28238845	1075	1080	study	T062	C2603343
28238845	1108	1122	C. perfringens	T007	C0009063
28238845	1123	1130	strains	T001	C1518614
28238845	1134	1146	human origin	T016	C0086418
28238845	1157	1167	reservoirs	T078	C0012653
28238845	1171	1180	virulence	T038	C0042765
28238845	1181	1186	genes	T028	C0017337
28238845	1191	1211	sources of infection	T033	C0449426
28238845	1230	1237	strains	T001	C1518614
28238845	1241	1246	human	T016	C0086418
28238845	1251	1264	animal origin	T008	C0003062
28238845	1282	1302	genetically distinct	T080	C0205556
28238845	1307	1329	phylogenetically close	T080	C1519069
28238845	1339	1344	human	T016	C0086418
28238845	1345	1352	strains	T001	C1518614
28238845	1365	1374	diversity	T080	C1880371
28238845	1384	1390	animal	T008	C0003062
28238845	1391	1398	strains	T001	C1518614

28239032|t|Effects of heat treatment on conformation and cell growth activity of alpha- lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin from market milk
28239032|a|Heat processes, low temperature for long time (LTLT) pasteurization and ultra-heat treatment (UHT) sterilization, are essential for commercial market milk to improve the shelf life of raw milk and ensure microbial safety. We evaluated the effects of heat experience on the molecular properties of α-lactalbumin (α-LA) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) isolated from four types of market milk such as LTLT-A (66°C for 30 min), LTLT-B (65°C for 30 min), UHT-I (130°C for 2 s, indirect heating) and UHT-D (135°C for 2 s, direct heating) samples. We examined molecular conformations using circular dichroism spectrum measurement and cell growth activity using the WST-1 method for the proteins. α-LA isolated from each of these four types of market milk displayed no significant structural difference as compared to raw milk α-LA, while α-LA of UHT-I only inhibited cell growth of an intestinal epithelial cell line more potently than raw milk α-LA. In the case of β-LG, only the UHT-I sample demonstrated a drastic change in structure, while it did not exhibit any cytotoxicity. We found that cell viability effects of α-LA and β-LG are attributable to the type of UHT; indirect and direct. These findings indicate that the effect of heat treatment on whey proteins should carefully be investigated further.
28239032	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28239032	11	15	heat	T070	C0018837
28239032	16	25	treatment	T169	C1522326
28239032	29	41	conformation	T082	C0033625
28239032	46	57	cell growth	T043	C0007595
28239032	70	88	alpha- lactalbumin	T116,T123	C0002287
28239032	93	111	beta-lactoglobulin	T116,T123	C0005248
28239032	117	123	market	T083	C1318228
28239032	124	128	milk	T168	C2825079
28239032	129	133	Heat	T070	C0018837
28239032	134	143	processes	T067	C1522240
28239032	145	148	low	T080	C0205251
28239032	149	160	temperature	T081	C0039476
28239032	165	169	long	T080	C0205166
28239032	170	174	time	T079	C0040223
28239032	176	180	LTLT	T068	C3825956
28239032	182	196	pasteurization	T068	C3825956
28239032	201	241	ultra-heat treatment (UHT) sterilization	T061	C3179136
28239032	272	278	market	T083	C1318228
28239032	279	283	milk	T168	C2825079
28239032	299	309	shelf life	T070	C4279909
28239032	313	321	raw milk	T167	C1442323
28239032	317	321	milk	T168	C2825079
28239032	333	342	microbial	T001	C0599840
28239032	343	349	safety	T068	C0036043
28239032	368	378	effects of	T080	C1704420
28239032	379	383	heat	T070	C0018837
28239032	402	411	molecular	T080	C1521991
28239032	412	422	properties	T080	C0871161
28239032	426	439	α-lactalbumin	T116,T123	C0002287
28239032	441	445	α-LA	T116,T123	C0002287
28239032	451	466	β-lactoglobulin	T116,T123	C0005248
28239032	468	472	β-LG	T116,T123	C0005248
28239032	502	508	market	T083	C1318228
28239032	509	513	milk	T168	C2825079
28239032	522	528	LTLT-A	T068	C3825956
28239032	548	554	LTLT-B	T068	C3825956
28239032	574	579	UHT-I	T061	C3179136
28239032	596	604	indirect	T080	C0439852
28239032	605	612	heating	T070	C0018837
28239032	618	623	UHT-D	T061	C3179136
28239032	640	646	direct	T080	C1947931
28239032	647	654	heating	T070	C0018837
28239032	677	700	molecular conformations	T082	C0026377
28239032	707	746	circular dichroism spectrum measurement	T059	C0008813
28239032	751	762	cell growth	T043	C0007595
28239032	782	794	WST-1 method	T062	C2986858
28239032	803	811	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28239032	813	817	α-LA	T116,T123	C0002287
28239032	860	866	market	T083	C1318228
28239032	867	871	milk	T168	C2825079
28239032	882	896	no significant	T033	C1273937
28239032	897	907	structural	T116	C1510464
28239032	908	918	difference	T080	C1705242
28239032	934	942	raw milk	T167	C1442323
28239032	943	947	α-LA	T116,T123	C0002287
28239032	955	959	α-LA	T116,T123	C0002287
28239032	963	968	UHT-I	T061	C3179136
28239032	974	983	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28239032	984	995	cell growth	T043	C0007595
28239032	1002	1012	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28239032	1013	1033	epithelial cell line	T025	C0014597
28239032	1053	1061	raw milk	T167	C1442323
28239032	1062	1066	α-LA	T116,T123	C0002287
28239032	1083	1087	β-LG	T116,T123	C0005248
28239032	1098	1103	UHT-I	T061	C3179136
28239032	1134	1140	change	T169	C0392747
28239032	1144	1153	structure	T116	C1510464
28239032	1164	1179	did not exhibit	T033	C1513916
28239032	1184	1196	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28239032	1212	1226	cell viability	T043	C0007620
28239032	1227	1237	effects of	T080	C1704420
28239032	1238	1242	α-LA	T116,T123	C0002287
28239032	1247	1251	β-LG	T116,T123	C0005248
28239032	1284	1287	UHT	T061	C3179136
28239032	1289	1297	indirect	T080	C0439852
28239032	1302	1308	direct	T080	C1947931
28239032	1316	1324	findings	T033	C0243095
28239032	1343	1352	effect of	T080	C1704420
28239032	1353	1357	heat	T070	C0018837
28239032	1358	1367	treatment	T169	C1522326
28239032	1371	1384	whey proteins	T168	C0078479
28239032	1405	1417	investigated	T169	C1292732

28239424|t|Non-covalent interactions in controlling pH - responsive behaviors of self-assembled nanosystems
28239424|a|Self-assembly and associated dynamic and reversible non-covalent interactions are the basis of protein biochemistry (e.g., protein folding) and development of sophisticated nanomaterial systems that can respond to and amplify biological signals. In this study, we report a systematic investigation of non-covalent interactions that affect the pH responsive behaviors and resulting supramolecular self-assembly of a series of ultra-pH sensitive (UPS) block copolymers. Increase of hydrophobic and π-π stacking interactions led to the decrease of pKa values. In contrast, enhancement of direct ionic binding between cationic ammonium groups and anionic counter ions gave rise to increased pKa. Moreover, hydration of hydrophobic surfaces and hydrogen bonding interactions may also play a role in the self-assembly process. The key parameters capable of controlling the subtle interplay of different non-covalent bonds in pH -triggered self-assembly of UPS copolymers are likely to offer molecular insights to understand other stimuli - responsive nanosystems. Selective and precise implementation of non-covalent interactions in stimuli - responsive self-assembly processes will provide powerful and versatile tools for the development of dynamic, complex nanostructures with predictable and tunable transitions.
28239424	0	12	Non-covalent	T080	C0205556
28239424	13	25	interactions	T169	C1704675
28239424	29	40	controlling	T067	C2239193
28239424	41	43	pH	T081	C0020283
28239424	46	56	responsive	T169	C0205342
28239424	57	66	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28239424	85	96	nanosystems	T073	C1450054
28239424	97	110	Self-assembly	T044	C0872376
28239424	126	133	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28239424	138	148	reversible	T169	C0205343
28239424	149	161	non-covalent	T080	C0205556
28239424	162	174	interactions	T169	C1704675
28239424	183	188	basis	T169	C1527178
28239424	192	212	protein biochemistry	T091	C1514536
28239424	220	235	protein folding	T044	C0162847
28239424	241	252	development	T169	C1527148
28239424	256	269	sophisticated	T080	C0205556
28239424	270	282	nanomaterial	T073	C1450053
28239424	283	290	systems	T169	C0449913
28239424	300	310	respond to	T170	C1553423
28239424	315	322	amplify	T067	C1521871
28239424	323	333	biological	T080	C0205460
28239424	334	341	signals	T067	C1710082
28239424	351	356	study	T062	C2603343
28239424	361	367	report	T170	C0684224
28239424	370	380	systematic	T169	C0220922
28239424	381	394	investigation	T170	C1552578
28239424	398	410	non-covalent	T080	C0205556
28239424	411	423	interactions	T169	C1704675
28239424	440	442	pH	T081	C0020283
28239424	443	453	responsive	T169	C0205342
28239424	454	463	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28239424	478	492	supramolecular	T082	C1254362
28239424	493	506	self-assembly	T044	C0872376
28239424	512	518	series	T081	C0205549
28239424	522	540	ultra-pH sensitive	T080	C0205556
28239424	542	545	UPS	T080	C0205556
28239424	547	563	block copolymers	T104	C0596383
28239424	565	573	Increase	T081	C0205217
28239424	577	588	hydrophobic	T044	C0678607
28239424	593	605	π-π stacking	T104	C1254350
28239424	606	618	interactions	T169	C1704675
28239424	630	638	decrease	T081	C0205216
28239424	642	652	pKa values	T081	C1522609
28239424	667	678	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28239424	682	688	direct	T080	C0439851
28239424	689	702	ionic binding	T044	C1148560
28239424	711	719	cationic	T080	C0205556
28239424	720	728	ammonium	T197	C0002611
28239424	729	735	groups	T078	C0441833
28239424	740	747	anionic	T080	C0205556
28239424	748	760	counter ions	T196	C1255634
28239424	774	783	increased	T081	C0205217
28239424	784	787	pKa	T081	C0392762
28239424	799	808	hydration	T033	C1321013
28239424	812	832	hydrophobic surfaces	T070	C3825187
28239424	837	853	hydrogen bonding	T070	C0020276
28239424	854	866	interactions	T169	C1704675
28239424	883	887	role	T170	C3871154
28239424	895	908	self-assembly	T044	C0872376
28239424	909	916	process	T067	C1522240
28239424	926	936	parameters	T033	C0449381
28239424	948	959	controlling	T067	C2239193
28239424	984	993	different	T080	C1705242
28239424	994	1006	non-covalent	T080	C0205556
28239424	1007	1012	bonds	T044	C0813982
28239424	1016	1018	pH	T081	C0020283
28239424	1030	1043	self-assembly	T044	C0872376
28239424	1047	1050	UPS	T080	C0205556
28239424	1051	1061	copolymers	T104	C0596383
28239424	1082	1091	molecular	T080	C1521991
28239424	1104	1114	understand	T041	C0162340
28239424	1121	1128	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28239424	1131	1141	responsive	T169	C0205342
28239424	1142	1153	nanosystems	T073	C1450054
28239424	1155	1164	Selective	T080	C0205556
28239424	1169	1176	precise	T080	C0205556
28239424	1177	1191	implementation	T052	C1708476
28239424	1195	1207	non-covalent	T080	C0205556
28239424	1208	1220	interactions	T169	C1704675
28239424	1224	1231	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28239424	1234	1244	responsive	T169	C0205342
28239424	1245	1258	self-assembly	T044	C0872376
28239424	1259	1268	processes	T067	C1522240
28239424	1274	1281	provide	T052	C1999230
28239424	1282	1290	powerful	T080	C0205556
28239424	1295	1304	versatile	T080	C0205556
28239424	1319	1330	development	T169	C1527148
28239424	1334	1341	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28239424	1343	1350	complex	T080	C0439855
28239424	1351	1365	nanostructures	T073	C1450053
28239424	1371	1382	predictable	T080	C0205556
28239424	1387	1394	tunable	T080	C0205556
28239424	1395	1406	transitions	T070	C1257888

28239454|t|Transcriptional analysis of blaNDM-1 and copy number alteration under carbapenem stress
28239454|a|New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase is known to compromise carbapenem therapy and leading to treatment failure. However, their response to carbapenem stress is not clearly known. Here, we have investigated the transcriptional response of blaNDM-1 and plasmid copy number alteration under carbapenem exposure. Three blaNDM-1 harboring plasmids representing three incompatibility types (IncFIC, IncA/C and IncK) were inoculated in LB broth with and without imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem. After each 1 h total RNA was isolated, immediately reverse transcribed into cDNA and quantitative real time PCR was used for transcriptional expression of blaNDM-1. Horizontal transferability and stability of the plasmids encoding blaNDM-1 were also determined. Changes in copy number of blaNDM-1 harboring plasmids under the exposure of different carbapenems were determined by real time PCR. Clonal relatedness among the isolates was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Under carbapenem stress over an interval of time there was a sharp variation in the transcriptional expression of blaNDM-1 although it did not follow a specific pattern. All blaNDM-1 carrying plasmids were transferable by conjugation. These plasmids were highly stable and complete loss was observed between 92(nd) to 96(th) serial passages when antibiotic pressure was withdrawn. High copy number of blaNDM-1 was found for IncF type plasmids compared to the other replicon types. This study suggests that the single dose of carbapenem pressure does not significantly influence the expression of blaNDM-1 and also focus on the stability of this gene as well as the change in copy number with respect to the incompatible type of plasmid harboring resistance determinant.
28239454	0	15	Transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28239454	16	24	analysis	T062	C0936012
28239454	28	36	blaNDM-1	T028	C0017337
28239454	41	52	copy number	T081	C1707513
28239454	53	63	alteration	T078	C1515926
28239454	70	80	carbapenem	T109,T195	C0006968
28239454	81	87	stress	T033	C0038435
28239454	88	120	New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase	T116,T126	C2973511
28239454	133	143	compromise	T033	C2945640
28239454	144	154	carbapenem	T109,T195	C0006968
28239454	155	162	therapy	T061	C0087111
28239454	178	195	treatment failure	T033	C0162643
28239454	212	220	response	T032	C0871261
28239454	224	234	carbapenem	T109,T195	C0006968
28239454	235	241	stress	T033	C0038435
28239454	295	310	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28239454	311	319	response	T032	C0871261
28239454	323	331	blaNDM-1	T028	C0017337
28239454	336	343	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28239454	344	355	copy number	T081	C1707513
28239454	356	366	alteration	T078	C1515926
28239454	373	383	carbapenem	T109,T195	C0006968
28239454	384	392	exposure	T080	C0332157
28239454	400	408	blaNDM-1	T028	C0017337
28239454	419	427	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
28239454	470	476	IncFIC	T114,T123	C0032136
28239454	478	484	IncA/C	T114,T123	C0032136
28239454	489	493	IncK	T114,T123	C0032136
28239454	514	522	LB broth	T130	C0010454
28239454	540	548	imipenem	T109,T195	C0020933
28239454	550	559	meropenem	T109,T195	C0066005
28239454	564	573	ertapenem	T109,T195	C1120106
28239454	596	599	RNA	T114	C0035668
28239454	604	612	isolated	T169	C0205409
28239454	626	645	reverse transcribed	T045	C0035380
28239454	651	655	cDNA	T114	C0006556
28239454	660	686	quantitative real time PCR	T063	C3179034
28239454	700	726	transcriptional expression	T045	C0040649
28239454	730	738	blaNDM-1	T028	C0017337
28239454	740	766	Horizontal transferability	T045	C0887912
28239454	771	780	stability	T080	C0205360
28239454	788	796	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
28239454	797	805	encoding	T052	C2700640
28239454	806	814	blaNDM-1	T028	C0017337
28239454	837	844	Changes	T169	C0392747
28239454	848	859	copy number	T081	C1707513
28239454	863	871	blaNDM-1	T028	C0017337
28239454	882	890	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
28239454	901	909	exposure	T080	C0332157
28239454	923	934	carbapenems	T109,T195	C0006968
28239454	954	967	real time PCR	T063	C1709846
28239454	969	975	Clonal	T024	C1522642
28239454	998	1006	isolates	T123	C1764827
28239454	1025	1057	pulsed field gel electrophoresis	T059	C0085117
28239454	1065	1075	carbapenem	T109,T195	C0006968
28239454	1076	1082	stress	T033	C0038435
28239454	1091	1107	interval of time	T079	C0872291
28239454	1120	1135	sharp variation	T080	C0205419
28239454	1143	1169	transcriptional expression	T045	C0040649
28239454	1173	1181	blaNDM-1	T028	C0017337
28239454	1220	1227	pattern	T082	C0449774
28239454	1233	1241	blaNDM-1	T028	C0017337
28239454	1251	1259	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
28239454	1281	1292	conjugation	T045	C0009757
28239454	1300	1308	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
28239454	1321	1327	stable	T080	C0205360
28239454	1341	1345	loss	T081	C1517945
28239454	1384	1399	serial passages	T062	C0036718
28239454	1405	1415	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28239454	1416	1424	pressure	T081	C4284008
28239454	1429	1438	withdrawn	T052	C2349954
28239454	1445	1456	copy number	T081	C1707513
28239454	1460	1468	blaNDM-1	T028	C0017337
28239454	1483	1501	IncF type plasmids	T114,T123	C1458238
28239454	1524	1532	replicon	T114,T123	C0035142
28239454	1569	1580	single dose	T081	C0178602
28239454	1584	1594	carbapenem	T109,T195	C0006968
28239454	1595	1603	pressure	T081	C4284008
28239454	1627	1636	influence	T077	C4054723
28239454	1641	1651	expression	T045	C0017262
28239454	1655	1663	blaNDM-1	T028	C0017337
28239454	1686	1695	stability	T080	C0205360
28239454	1704	1708	gene	T028	C0017337
28239454	1724	1730	change	T169	C0392747
28239454	1734	1745	copy number	T081	C1707513
28239454	1787	1794	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28239454	1805	1815	resistance	T169	C4281815
28239454	1816	1827	determinant	T169	C1521761

28239461|t|Tissue MicroRNA profiles as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and periampullary cancers
28239461|a|The aim of this study was to validate previously described diagnostic and prognostic microRNA expression profiles in tissue samples from patients with pancreatic cancer and other periampullary cancers. Expression of 46 selected microRNAs was studied in formalin -fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from patients with resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 165), ampullary cancer (n=59), duodenal cancer (n = 6), distal common bile duct cancer (n = 21), and gastric cancer (n = 20); chronic pancreatitis (n = 39); and normal pancreas (n = 35). The microRNAs were analyzed by PCR using the Fluidigm platform. Twenty-two microRNAs were significantly differently expressed in patients with pancreatic cancer when compared to healthy controls and chronic pancreatitis patients; 17 miRNAs were upregulated (miR-21-5p, - 23a-3p, - 31-5p, - 34c-5p, - 93-3p, - 135b-3p, - 155-5p, - 186-5p, - 196b-5p, - 203, - 205-5p, - 210, - 222-3p, - 451, - 492, - 614, and miR-622) and 5 were downregulated (miR-122-5p, - 130b-3p, - 216b, - 217, and miR-375). MicroRNAs were grouped into diagnostic indices of varying complexity. Ten microRNAs associated with prognosis were identified (let-7 g, miR-29a-5p, - 34a-5p, - 125a-3p, - 146a-5p, - 187, - 205-5p, - 212-3p, - 222-5p, and miR-450b-5p). Prognostic indices based on differences in expression of 2 different microRNAs were constructed for pancreatic and ampullary cancer combined and separately (30, 5, and 21 indices). The study confirms that pancreatic cancer tissue has a microRNA expression profile that is different from that of other periampullary cancers, chronic pancreatitis, and normal pancreas. We identified prognostic microRNAs and microRNA indices that were associated with shorter overall survival in patients with radically resected pancreatic cancer.
28239461	0	6	Tissue	T024	C0040300
28239461	7	15	MicroRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	28	38	diagnostic	T201	C1511876
28239461	43	64	prognostic biomarkers	T080	C1514475
28239461	68	76	patients	T101	C0030705
28239461	82	92	resectable	T061	C0015252
28239461	93	125	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
28239461	130	151	periampullary cancers	T191	C1335377
28239461	156	159	aim	T078	C1947946
28239461	168	173	study	T062	C2603343
28239461	211	221	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28239461	226	236	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28239461	237	245	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	246	265	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
28239461	269	275	tissue	T024	C0040300
28239461	289	297	patients	T101	C0030705
28239461	303	320	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
28239461	331	352	periampullary cancers	T191	C1335377
28239461	354	364	Expression	T045	C0017262
28239461	380	389	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	405	413	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0949307
28239461	421	445	paraffin-embedded tissue	T024	C1519524
28239461	451	459	patients	T101	C0030705
28239461	465	473	resected	T061	C0015252
28239461	474	506	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
28239461	518	534	ampullary cancer	T191	C0262401
28239461	543	558	duodenal cancer	T191	C0541912
28239461	568	574	distal	T082	C0205108
28239461	575	598	common bile duct cancer	T191	C0740277
28239461	613	627	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
28239461	638	658	chronic pancreatitis	T047	C0149521
28239461	673	688	normal pancreas	T033	C0940731
28239461	703	712	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	730	733	PCR	T063	C0032520
28239461	744	761	Fluidigm platform	T170	C0282574
28239461	774	783	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	815	824	expressed	T045	C0017262
28239461	828	836	patients	T101	C0030705
28239461	842	859	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
28239461	877	893	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28239461	898	918	chronic pancreatitis	T047	C0149521
28239461	919	927	patients	T101	C0030705
28239461	932	938	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	944	955	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28239461	957	966	miR-21-5p	T028	C1537719
28239461	970	976	23a-3p	T028	C1842758
28239461	980	985	31-5p	T028	C1537742
28239461	989	995	34c-5p	T028	C1537747
28239461	999	1004	93-3p	T028	C1537750
28239461	1008	1015	135b-3p	T028	C1537788
28239461	1019	1025	155-5p	T028	C1537811
28239461	1029	1035	186-5p	T028	C1537820
28239461	1039	1047	196b-5p,	T028	C1537832
28239461	1050	1053	203	T028	C1537841
28239461	1057	1063	205-5p	T114	C4284346
28239461	1067	1070	210	T028	C1537846
28239461	1074	1080	222-3p	T028	C1537860
28239461	1084	1087	451	T028	C1826031
28239461	1091	1094	492	T028	C1826046
28239461	1098	1101	614	T028	C1826193
28239461	1107	1114	miR-622	T028	C1826201
28239461	1127	1140	downregulated	T044	C0013081
28239461	1142	1152	miR-122-5p	T028	C1865068
28239461	1156	1163	130b-3p	T028	C1537780
28239461	1167	1171	216b	T028	C2239687
28239461	1175	1178	217	T028	C1537853
28239461	1184	1191	miR-375	T028	C1537896
28239461	1194	1203	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	1222	1232	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28239461	1252	1262	complexity	T080	C0439855
28239461	1268	1277	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	1278	1293	associated with	T080	C0332281
28239461	1294	1303	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28239461	1321	1328	let-7 g	T114,T123	C1621390
28239461	1330	1340	miR-29a-5p	T028	C1835841
28239461	1344	1350	34a-5p	T028	C1537745
28239461	1354	1361	125a-3p	T028	C1537770
28239461	1365	1372	146a-5p	T028	C1826002
28239461	1376	1379	187	T028	C1537821
28239461	1383	1389	205-5p	T114	C4284346
28239461	1393	1399	212-3p	T028	C1537848
28239461	1403	1409	222-5p	T028	C1537860
28239461	1415	1426	miR-450b-5p	T028	C2239697
28239461	1429	1447	Prognostic indices	T081	C0033326
28239461	1472	1482	expression	T045	C0017262
28239461	1498	1507	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	1529	1539	pancreatic	T191	C0235974
28239461	1544	1560	ampullary cancer	T191	C0262401
28239461	1614	1619	study	T062	C2603343
28239461	1634	1651	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
28239461	1652	1658	tissue	T024	C0040300
28239461	1665	1673	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	1674	1692	expression profile	T081	C1956267
28239461	1730	1751	periampullary cancers	T191	C1335377
28239461	1753	1773	chronic pancreatitis	T047	C0149521
28239461	1779	1794	normal pancreas	T033	C0940731
28239461	1810	1820	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28239461	1821	1830	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	1835	1843	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28239461	1862	1877	associated with	T080	C0332281
28239461	1886	1902	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28239461	1906	1914	patients	T101	C0030705
28239461	1930	1938	resected	T061	C0015252
28239461	1939	1956	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974

28239481|t|Effectiveness of workers ' general health examination in Korea by health examination period and compliance: retrospective cohort study using nationwide data
28239481|a|Our study evaluated the effectiveness of the Workers ' General Health Examination by health examination period and compliance. A retrospective cohort of the health examination participants in 2006 (baseline year: N�€‰=�€‰6,527,045) was used. We identified newly occurring cardio - cerebrovascular disease over 7 years (from 2007 to 2013). After stratification by age, sex, and national health insurance type, we identified 7 years' cumulative incidence of cardio - cerebrovascular disease by health examination compliance and estimated its relative risk by health examination period and compliance. The compliant group presented a lower cumulative incidence of cardio - cerebrovascular disease than the non-compliant group; this result was consistent across sex, working age (40s and 50s), and workplace policyholder. Relative risk of cardio - cerebrovascular disease by health examination period (1 and 2 years) showed statistically significant results in ischemic heart disease for male participants. Of men in their 40s, office workers (over a 2-year period) presented statistically higher relative risk of ischemic heart disease than non-office workers (over a 1-year period: 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.03). However, there were no consistent results in ischemic cerebrovascular disease and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease for men or cardio - cerebrovascular disease for women. A 1-year period of Workers ' General Health Examinations in non-office workers had a more significant prevention effect on ischemic heart disease than a 2-year period in office workers among working age (40s-50s) men. It is, however, necessary to consider that prevention of cardio - cerebrovascular disease can be partially explained by their occupational characteristics rather than by health examination period.
28239481	0	13	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28239481	17	24	workers	T098	C1527116
28239481	27	53	general health examination	T060	C0420142
28239481	57	62	Korea	T083	C0022771
28239481	66	91	health examination period	T058	C1254363
28239481	96	106	compliance	T033	C3714738
28239481	108	134	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
28239481	167	176	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28239481	181	194	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28239481	202	209	Workers	T098	C1527116
28239481	212	238	General Health Examination	T060	C0420142
28239481	242	267	health examination period	T058	C1254363
28239481	272	282	compliance	T033	C3714738
28239481	286	306	retrospective cohort	T062	C2985505
28239481	314	332	health examination	T058	C1254363
28239481	333	345	participants	T098	C0679646
28239481	429	435	cardio	T047	C0007222
28239481	438	461	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
28239481	502	516	stratification	T062	C1514983
28239481	520	523	age	T032	C0001779
28239481	525	528	sex	T032	C1522384
28239481	534	564	national health insurance type	T058	C0027452
28239481	589	599	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28239481	600	609	incidence	T081	C0021149
28239481	613	619	cardio	T047	C0007222
28239481	622	645	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
28239481	649	667	health examination	T058	C1254363
28239481	668	678	compliance	T033	C3714738
28239481	714	739	health examination period	T058	C1254363
28239481	744	754	compliance	T033	C3714738
28239481	760	775	compliant group	T098	C1257890
28239481	794	804	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28239481	805	814	incidence	T081	C0021149
28239481	818	824	cardio	T047	C0007222
28239481	827	850	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
28239481	860	879	non-compliant group	T098	C1257890
28239481	915	918	sex	T032	C1522384
28239481	920	927	working	T057	C0043227
28239481	928	931	age	T032	C0001779
28239481	951	960	workplace	T082	C0162579
28239481	961	973	policyholder	T078	C1551367
28239481	992	998	cardio	T047	C0007222
28239481	1001	1024	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
28239481	1028	1053	health examination period	T058	C1254363
28239481	1077	1102	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28239481	1114	1136	ischemic heart disease	T047	C0151744
28239481	1146	1158	participants	T098	C0679646
28239481	1163	1166	men	T098	C0025266
28239481	1181	1195	office workers	T033	C2230102
28239481	1243	1266	higher relative risk of	T033	C0332167
28239481	1267	1289	ischemic heart disease	T047	C0151744
28239481	1295	1313	non-office workers	T098	C1527116
28239481	1347	1366	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28239481	1425	1433	ischemic	T169	C0475224
28239481	1434	1457	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
28239481	1462	1473	hemorrhagic	T080	C0333275
28239481	1474	1497	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
28239481	1502	1505	men	T098	C0025266
28239481	1509	1515	cardio	T047	C0007222
28239481	1518	1541	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
28239481	1546	1551	women	T098	C0043210
28239481	1572	1579	Workers	T098	C1527116
28239481	1582	1609	General Health Examinations	T060	C0420142
28239481	1613	1631	non-office workers	T098	C1527116
28239481	1655	1665	prevention	T061	C0199176
28239481	1676	1698	ischemic heart disease	T047	C0151744
28239481	1723	1737	office workers	T033	C2230102
28239481	1752	1755	age	T032	C0001779
28239481	1766	1769	men	T098	C0025266
28239481	1814	1824	prevention	T061	C0199176
28239481	1828	1834	cardio	T047	C0007222
28239481	1837	1860	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
28239481	1897	1925	occupational characteristics	T169	C0521127
28239481	1941	1966	health examination period	T058	C1254363

28239875|t|American cutaneous leishmaniasis: In situ immune response of patients with recent and late lesions
28239875|a|TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-17, CD68 and CD57 were evaluated in biopsies of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis living in Sorocaba, Brazil. The analyses were performed considering the time of lesions from 23 patients with recent lesions (Group I) and 19 patients with late lesions (Group II). All patients were infected with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. Immunostaining cells for CD68, CD57, TNF- α, IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-17 were performed by immunohistochemistry. Except for CD68 and IL-17, the distribution of in situ for CD57, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ showed that patients with recent lesions expressed higher levels than those with late lesions. The comparison of cytokine expression / group showed that IL-10 was significantly higher than IL-17 and IFN-γ (similar data were shown in IL-17 compared with TNF-α), suggesting an immunological balance between inflammatory - anti-inflammatory agents. This balance was similar for two groups of patients. In conclusion, these data suggested that (i) patients from Group I had recent lesions (in the beginning of chronic phase) compared to those from Group II and (ii) the modulation of inflammatory response in patients with recent American cutaneous leishmaniasis was correlated with IL-10 expression in skin lesions preventing the development of mucosal forms. The parasite treatment also prevented the evolution of severe forms.
28239875	0	32	American cutaneous leishmaniasis	T047	C3495436
28239875	34	41	In situ	T079	C1254367
28239875	42	57	immune response	T042	C0301872
28239875	61	69	patients	T101	C0030705
28239875	75	81	recent	T037	C0332665
28239875	86	90	late	T079	C0205087
28239875	91	98	lesions	T033	C0221198
28239875	99	104	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28239875	106	111	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28239875	113	118	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28239875	120	125	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28239875	127	131	CD68	T116,T129	C0108799
28239875	136	140	CD57	T116,T129	C0054965
28239875	146	155	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28239875	159	167	biopsies	T060	C0005558
28239875	171	179	patients	T101	C0030705
28239875	185	217	American cutaneous leishmaniasis	T047	C3495436
28239875	228	236	Sorocaba	T083	C0017446
28239875	238	244	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28239875	250	258	analyses	T062	C0936012
28239875	290	294	time	T079	C0040223
28239875	298	305	lesions	T033	C0221198
28239875	314	322	patients	T101	C0030705
28239875	328	342	recent lesions	T037	C0332665
28239875	344	351	Group I	T098	C1257890
28239875	360	368	patients	T101	C0030705
28239875	374	378	late	T079	C0205087
28239875	379	386	lesions	T033	C0221198
28239875	388	396	Group II	T098	C1257890
28239875	403	411	patients	T101	C0030705
28239875	417	425	infected	T033	C0439663
28239875	431	464	Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis	T204	C0023271
28239875	466	480	Immunostaining	T059	C0022885
28239875	481	486	cells	T025	C0007634
28239875	491	495	CD68	T116,T129	C0108799
28239875	497	501	CD57	T116,T129	C0054965
28239875	503	509	TNF- α	T116,T129	C1456820
28239875	511	516	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28239875	518	523	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28239875	528	533	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28239875	552	572	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28239875	585	589	CD68	T116,T129	C0108799
28239875	594	599	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28239875	621	628	in situ	T079	C1254367
28239875	633	637	CD57	T116,T129	C0054965
28239875	639	644	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28239875	646	651	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28239875	656	661	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28239875	674	682	patients	T101	C0030705
28239875	688	702	recent lesions	T037	C0332665
28239875	713	719	higher	T080	C0205250
28239875	720	726	levels	T080	C0441889
28239875	743	747	late	T079	C0205087
28239875	748	755	lesions	T033	C0221198
28239875	775	783	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28239875	784	794	expression	T045	C1171362
28239875	797	802	group	T078	C0441833
28239875	815	820	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28239875	839	845	higher	T080	C0205250
28239875	851	856	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28239875	861	866	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28239875	876	880	data	T078	C1511726
28239875	895	900	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28239875	915	920	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28239875	937	950	immunological	T169	C0205470
28239875	951	958	balance	T040	C0014653
28239875	967	979	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28239875	982	1006	anti-inflammatory agents	T121	C0003209
28239875	1013	1020	balance	T040	C0014653
28239875	1041	1047	groups	T098	C1257890
28239875	1051	1059	patients	T101	C0030705
28239875	1082	1086	data	T078	C1511726
28239875	1106	1114	patients	T101	C0030705
28239875	1120	1127	Group I	T098	C1257890
28239875	1132	1146	recent lesions	T037	C0332665
28239875	1155	1164	beginning	T079	C0439659
28239875	1168	1181	chronic phase	T079	C0457343
28239875	1206	1214	Group II	T098	C1257890
28239875	1228	1238	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
28239875	1242	1263	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28239875	1267	1275	patients	T101	C0030705
28239875	1281	1287	recent	T079	C0332185
28239875	1288	1320	American cutaneous leishmaniasis	T047	C3495436
28239875	1325	1335	correlated	T080	C1707520
28239875	1341	1346	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28239875	1347	1357	expression	T045	C1171362
28239875	1361	1373	skin lesions	T047	C0037284
28239875	1389	1400	development	T039	C0243107
28239875	1404	1417	mucosal forms	T033	C0574771
28239875	1423	1431	parasite	T204	C0030498
28239875	1432	1441	treatment	T061	C0087111
28239875	1461	1470	evolution	T045	C3825184
28239875	1474	1486	severe forms	T033	C1854779

28240634|t|Torsed and Nontorsed Inguinal Undescended Testis: Comparison of Computed Tomography Findings
28240634|a|The aim of this study was to compare the computed tomography imaging features of a torsed inguinal testis with nontorsed inguinal testes. Computed tomography scans of patients with undescended testes were retrospectively collected (2011-2016). Imaging features of nontorsed undescended testis were compared with a case of an inguinal torsed testis. Observations included location of the undescended testis, size (length × width) and texture of each testis, peritesticular findings, position of testicular vessels, and enhancement patterns. Twelve nontorsed inguinal undescended testes were compared with 1 torsed undescended testicle. Torsed testis was larger than nontorsed (44 × 27 mm vs 32.9 ± 6.1 × 22.9 ± 4.9 mm), surrounded by fat stranding and fluid, with heterogeneous texture, enhancement of its outer layers, and an upward kink of its vessels. Because torsed undescended testis can mimic a groin abscess and because torsion is a medical emergency, radiologists should be aware of this entity and its distinguishing imaging features. Color Doppler examination can ascertain absence / reduction of blood flow.
28240634	0	6	Torsed	T046	C1265748
28240634	11	29	Nontorsed Inguinal	T029	C0018246
28240634	30	48	Undescended Testis	T017	C3537044
28240634	50	60	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28240634	64	83	Computed Tomography	T060	C0040405
28240634	84	92	Findings	T169	C2607943
28240634	109	114	study	T062	C2603343
28240634	122	129	compare	T052	C1707455
28240634	134	161	computed tomography imaging	T060	C0729619
28240634	162	170	features	T080	C2348519
28240634	176	182	torsed	T046	C1265748
28240634	183	191	inguinal	T029	C0018246
28240634	192	198	testis	T023	C0039597
28240634	204	222	nontorsed inguinal	T029	C0018246
28240634	223	229	testes	T023	C0039597
28240634	231	256	Computed tomography scans	T060	C0870067
28240634	260	268	patients	T101	C0030705
28240634	274	292	undescended testes	T017	C3537044
28240634	298	313	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28240634	314	323	collected	T169	C1516698
28240634	337	344	Imaging	T060	C0025086
28240634	345	353	features	T080	C2348519
28240634	357	385	nontorsed undescended testis	T017	C3537044
28240634	391	399	compared	T052	C1707455
28240634	418	426	inguinal	T029	C0018246
28240634	427	433	torsed	T046	C1265748
28240634	434	440	testis	T023	C0039597
28240634	455	463	included	T169	C0332257
28240634	464	472	location	T082	C0450429
28240634	480	498	undescended testis	T017	C3537044
28240634	500	504	size	T082	C0456389
28240634	506	512	length	T081	C1444754
28240634	515	520	width	T081	C0487742
28240634	526	533	texture	T080	C0449582
28240634	542	548	testis	T023	C0039597
28240634	550	564	peritesticular	T082	C0205070
28240634	565	573	findings	T169	C2607943
28240634	575	583	position	T082	C0733755
28240634	587	605	testicular vessels	T023	C4266473
28240634	611	622	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28240634	623	631	patterns	T082	C0449774
28240634	633	639	Twelve	T081	C0205458
28240634	640	658	nontorsed inguinal	T029	C0018246
28240634	659	677	undescended testes	T017	C3537044
28240634	683	691	compared	T052	C1707455
28240634	699	705	torsed	T046	C1265748
28240634	706	726	undescended testicle	T017	C3537044
28240634	728	734	Torsed	T046	C1265748
28240634	735	741	testis	T023	C0039597
28240634	812	822	surrounded	T082	C1282914
28240634	826	839	fat stranding	T024	C0222331
28240634	844	849	fluid	T031	C0005889
28240634	856	869	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28240634	870	877	texture	T080	C0449582
28240634	879	890	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28240634	898	910	outer layers	T023	C0934502
28240634	919	925	upward	T082	C1282911
28240634	926	930	kink	T169	C0333177
28240634	938	945	vessels	T023	C4266473
28240634	955	961	torsed	T046	C1265748
28240634	962	980	undescended testis	T017	C3537044
28240634	993	1006	groin abscess	T047	C0263109
28240634	1019	1026	torsion	T046	C1265748
28240634	1051	1063	radiologists	T097	C0260194
28240634	1088	1094	entity	T071	C1551338
28240634	1118	1125	imaging	T060	C0025086
28240634	1126	1134	features	T080	C2348519
28240634	1136	1161	Color Doppler examination	T060	C0474781
28240634	1176	1183	absence	T169	C0332197
28240634	1186	1195	reduction	T080	C0392756
28240634	1199	1209	blood flow	T039	C0232338

28240640|t|Comparison of 270 Versus 320 mg I/mL of Iodixanol in 1 Image Assessment of Both Renal Arteries and Veins With Dual-Energy Spectral CT Imaging in Late Arterial Phase and Their Influence on Renal Function
28240640|a|The objective of this study was to compare the image quality of renal arteries and veins with dual-energy spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging in late arterial phase using 270 and 320 mg I/mL of iodixanol and their influence on renal function. A total of 1062 patients underwent renal CT angiography with 270 or 320 mg I/mL of iodixanol with dual-energy spectral CT imaging in late arterial phase. Image quality and their influence on renal function were compared. There were no significant differences of CT value, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise ratio, and subjective score of renal vessels between 2 groups (all P > 0.05). The incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with abnormal renal function using 320 mg I/mL of iodixanol was significantly higher than using 270 mg I/mL of iodixanol (P = 0.043). The renal arteries and veins can be fully assessed in late arterial phase with 270 mg I/mL of iodixanol using dual-energy spectral CT scan with better preserved renal function.
28240640	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28240640	14	17	270	T200	C0977876
28240640	25	49	320 mg I/mL of Iodixanol	T200	C0977877
28240640	55	71	Image Assessment	T058	C4076410
28240640	80	94	Renal Arteries	T023	C0035065
28240640	99	104	Veins	T023	C0042449
28240640	110	141	Dual-Energy Spectral CT Imaging	T060	C0729619
28240640	145	164	Late Arterial Phase	T079	C0205390
28240640	175	184	Influence	T077	C4054723
28240640	188	202	Renal Function	T042	C0232804
28240640	225	230	study	T062	C2603343
28240640	238	245	compare	T052	C1707455
28240640	250	263	image quality	T080	C0806487
28240640	267	281	renal arteries	T023	C0035065
28240640	286	291	veins	T023	C0042449
28240640	297	350	dual-energy spectral computed tomography (CT) imaging	T060	C0729619
28240640	354	373	late arterial phase	T079	C0205390
28240640	380	383	270	T200	C0977876
28240640	388	412	320 mg I/mL of iodixanol	T200	C0977877
28240640	423	432	influence	T077	C4054723
28240640	436	450	renal function	T042	C0232804
28240640	468	476	patients	T101	C0030705
28240640	487	507	renal CT angiography	T060	C1637292
28240640	513	516	270	T200	C0977876
28240640	520	544	320 mg I/mL of iodixanol	T200	C0977877
28240640	550	581	dual-energy spectral CT imaging	T060	C0729619
28240640	585	604	late arterial phase	T079	C0205390
28240640	606	619	Image quality	T080	C0806487
28240640	630	639	influence	T077	C4054723
28240640	643	657	renal function	T042	C0232804
28240640	663	671	compared	T052	C1707455
28240640	714	722	CT value	T081	C1522609
28240640	724	745	signal-to-noise ratio	T081	C2986823
28240640	747	770	contrast-to-noise ratio	T081	C0456603
28240640	787	792	score	T081	C0449820
28240640	796	809	renal vessels	T023	C0580863
28240640	847	856	incidence	T081	C0021149
28240640	860	888	contrast-induced nephropathy	T047	C4055183
28240640	892	900	patients	T101	C0030705
28240640	906	929	abnormal renal function	T046	C0151746
28240640	936	960	320 mg I/mL of iodixanol	T200	C0977877
28240640	997	1021	270 mg I/mL of iodixanol	T200	C0977876
28240640	1039	1053	renal arteries	T023	C0035065
28240640	1058	1063	veins	T023	C0042449
28240640	1089	1108	late arterial phase	T079	C0205390
28240640	1114	1138	270 mg I/mL of iodixanol	T200	C0977876
28240640	1145	1173	dual-energy spectral CT scan	T060	C0177779
28240640	1196	1210	renal function	T042	C0232804

28240655|t|Impending Atypical Femoral Fracture in Patients With Medullary Thyroid Cancer With Skeletal Metastasis Treated With Long-term Bisphosphonate and Denosumab
28240655|a|Atypical femoral fractures (AFFs) occur in osteoporosis patients receiving long-term bisphosphonate. Atypical femoral fractures also occur in cancer patients receiving long-term bisphosphonate or denosumab, but the prevalence is low. We describe a 53- year -old woman with a history of medullary thyroid cancer and skull metastasis who was prescribed bisphosphonate for 6 years and denosumab for 1.5 years, consecutively. Bone scintigraphy performed because of spontaneous groin pain showed uptake in the lateral aspect of the left femur, which was confirmed as impending AFF. In oncological patients receiving long-term bisphosphonate or denosumab, AFF should be included as a differential diagnosis with focal femoral findings.
28240655	0	9	Impending	T079	C0332190
28240655	10	35	Atypical Femoral Fracture	T046	C4268744
28240655	39	47	Patients	T101	C0030705
28240655	53	77	Medullary Thyroid Cancer	T191	C0238462
28240655	83	91	Skeletal	T082	C0521324
28240655	92	102	Metastasis	T046	C4255448
28240655	103	110	Treated	T169	C1522326
28240655	116	125	Long-term	T079	C0443252
28240655	126	140	Bisphosphonate	T121	C2267018
28240655	145	154	Denosumab	T116,T121,T129	C1690432
28240655	155	181	Atypical femoral fractures	T046	C4268744
28240655	183	187	AFFs	T046	C4268744
28240655	198	210	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28240655	211	219	patients	T101	C0030705
28240655	230	239	long-term	T079	C0443252
28240655	240	254	bisphosphonate	T121	C2267018
28240655	256	282	Atypical femoral fractures	T046	C4268744
28240655	297	312	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
28240655	323	332	long-term	T079	C0443252
28240655	333	347	bisphosphonate	T121	C2267018
28240655	351	360	denosumab	T116,T121,T129	C1690432
28240655	370	380	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28240655	384	387	low	T080	C0205251
28240655	407	411	year	T079	C0439234
28240655	417	422	woman	T098	C0043210
28240655	441	465	medullary thyroid cancer	T191	C0238462
28240655	470	486	skull metastasis	T191	C2026272
28240655	495	505	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28240655	506	520	bisphosphonate	T121	C2267018
28240655	527	532	years	T079	C0439234
28240655	537	546	denosumab	T116,T121,T129	C1690432
28240655	555	560	years	T079	C0439234
28240655	562	575	consecutively	T080	C1707491
28240655	577	594	Bone scintigraphy	T060	C3889015
28240655	595	604	performed	T169	C0884358
28240655	616	627	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28240655	628	638	groin pain	T184	C0239783
28240655	646	652	uptake	T039	C0243144
28240655	682	692	left femur	T023	C0817320
28240655	717	726	impending	T079	C0332190
28240655	727	730	AFF	T046	C4268744
28240655	735	746	oncological	T191	C0027651
28240655	747	755	patients	T101	C0030705
28240655	766	775	long-term	T079	C0443252
28240655	776	790	bisphosphonate	T121	C2267018
28240655	794	803	denosumab	T116,T121,T129	C1690432
28240655	805	808	AFF	T046	C4268744
28240655	833	855	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
28240655	861	866	focal	T082	C0205234
28240655	867	874	femoral	T023	C0015811
28240655	875	883	findings	T033	C0243095

28240704|t|Calibration of Self-Report Measures of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior
28240704|a|Calibration equations offer potential to improve the accuracy and utility of self-report measures of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) by re-scaling potentially biased estimates. The present study evaluates calibration models designed to estimate PA and SB in a representative sample of adults from the Physical Activity Measurement Survey (PAMS). Participants in the PAMS project completed replicate single day trials that involved wearing a Sensewear armband (SWA) monitor for 24 hours followed by a telephone administered 24-hour physical activity recall (PAR). Comprehensive statistical model selection and validation procedures were used to develop and test separate calibration models designed to predict objectively - measured SB and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA from self-reported PAR data. Equivalence testing was used to evaluate the equivalence of the model- predicted values with the objective measures in a separate holdout sample. The final prediction model for both SB and MVPA included reported time spent in SB and MVPA, as well as terms capturing sex, age, education, and BMI. Cross-validation analyses on an independent sample exhibited high correlations with observed SB (r = 0.72) and MVPA (r = 0.75). Equivalence testing demonstrated that the model- predicted values were statistically equivalent to the corresponding objective values for both SB and MVPA. The results demonstrate that simple regression models can be used to statistically adjust for over or underestimation in self-report measures among different segments of the population. The models produced group estimates from the PAR that were statistically equivalent to the observed time spent in SB and MVPA obtained from the objective SWA monitor; however additional work is needed to correct for estimates of individual behavior.
28240704	0	11	Calibration	T081	C0006751
28240704	15	26	Self-Report	T062	C2700446
28240704	27	35	Measures	T081	C0079809
28240704	39	56	Physical Activity	T056	C0026606
28240704	61	79	Sedentary Behavior	T033	C3824706
28240704	80	91	Calibration	T081	C0006751
28240704	92	101	equations	T077	C0552449
28240704	108	117	potential	T080	C3245505
28240704	121	128	improve	T080	C1272747
28240704	133	141	accuracy	T080	C4035952
28240704	157	168	self-report	T062	C2700446
28240704	169	177	measures	T081	C0079809
28240704	181	198	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28240704	200	202	PA	T056	C0026606
28240704	208	226	sedentary behavior	T033	C3824706
28240704	228	230	SB	T033	C3824706
28240704	235	245	re-scaling	T052	C1947916
28240704	246	257	potentially	T080	C3245505
28240704	265	274	estimates	T081	C0750572
28240704	304	315	calibration	T081	C0006751
28240704	316	322	models	T081,T170	C0026348
28240704	335	343	estimate	T081	C0750572
28240704	344	346	PA	T056	C0026606
28240704	351	353	SB	T033	C3824706
28240704	359	373	representative	T081	C1299385
28240704	384	390	adults	T100	C0001675
28240704	400	417	Physical Activity	T056	C0026606
28240704	418	436	Measurement Survey	T062	C0376688
28240704	438	442	PAMS	T062	C0376688
28240704	445	457	Participants	T098	C0679646
28240704	465	469	PAMS	T062	C0376688
28240704	509	515	trials	T062	C0681815
28240704	540	563	Sensewear armband (SWA)	T073	C1301852
28240704	564	571	monitor	T074	C0596972
28240704	576	584	24 hours	T079	C0439584
28240704	599	608	telephone	T062	C0021823
28240704	609	621	administered	T169	C1519231
28240704	630	654	physical activity recall	T058	C1254363
28240704	656	659	PAR	T058	C1254363
28240704	676	693	statistical model	T081,T170	C0026348
28240704	708	718	validation	T169	C2984648
28240704	719	729	procedures	T169	C2700391
28240704	769	780	calibration	T081	C0006751
28240704	781	787	models	T081,T170	C0026348
28240704	800	807	predict	UnknownType	C0681843
28240704	808	819	objectively	T062,T170	C0683957
28240704	822	830	measured	T081	C0079809
28240704	831	833	SB	T033	C3824706
28240704	838	861	moderate to vigorous PA	T056	C0026606
28240704	863	867	MVPA	T056	C0026606
28240704	873	886	self-reported	T062	C2700446
28240704	887	890	PAR	T058	C1254363
28240704	897	908	Equivalence	UnknownType	C0814870
28240704	942	953	equivalence	UnknownType	C0814870
28240704	968	977	predicted	UnknownType	C0681843
28240704	994	1003	objective	T062,T170	C0683957
28240704	1004	1012	measures	T081	C0079809
28240704	1079	1081	SB	T033	C3824706
28240704	1086	1090	MVPA	T056	C0026606
28240704	1123	1125	SB	T033	C3824706
28240704	1130	1134	MVPA	T056	C0026606
28240704	1163	1166	sex	T032	C1522384
28240704	1168	1171	age	T033	C3172266
28240704	1173	1182	education	T033	C0424927
28240704	1188	1191	BMI	T201	C1305855
28240704	1193	1209	Cross-validation	T062	C0681935
28240704	1210	1218	analyses	T081	C0002780
28240704	1286	1288	SB	T033	C3824706
28240704	1304	1308	MVPA	T056	C0026606
28240704	1321	1332	Equivalence	UnknownType	C0814870
28240704	1370	1379	predicted	UnknownType	C0681843
28240704	1392	1405	statistically	T081	C0237881
28240704	1438	1447	objective	T062,T170	C0683957
28240704	1464	1466	SB	T033	C3824706
28240704	1471	1475	MVPA	T056	C0026606
28240704	1513	1523	regression	T170	C0034980
28240704	1524	1530	models	T081,T170	C0026348
28240704	1546	1559	statistically	T081	C0237881
28240704	1598	1609	self-report	T062	C2700446
28240704	1610	1618	measures	T081	C0079809
28240704	1651	1661	population	T098	C1257890
28240704	1667	1673	models	T081,T170	C0026348
28240704	1689	1698	estimates	T081	C0750572
28240704	1708	1711	PAR	T058	C1254363
28240704	1722	1735	statistically	T081	C0237881
28240704	1777	1779	SB	T033	C3824706
28240704	1784	1788	MVPA	T056	C0026606
28240704	1817	1820	SWA	T073	C1301852
28240704	1821	1828	monitor	T074	C0596972
28240704	1879	1888	estimates	T081	C0750572
28240704	1892	1911	individual behavior	T055	C0946284

28241394|t|The empirical Bayes estimators of fine-scale population structure in high gene flow species
28241394|a|An empirical Bayes (EB) pairwise FST estimator was previously introduced and evaluated for its performance by numerical simulation. In this study, we conducted coalescent simulations and generated genetic population structure mechanistically, and compared the performance of the EBFST with Nei's GST, Nei and Chesser's bias-corrected GST (GST_NC), Weir and Cockerham's θ (θWC) and θ with finite sample correction (θWC_F). We also introduced EB estimators for Hedrick' G'ST and Jost' D. We applied these estimators to publicly available SNP genotypes of Atlantic herring. We also examined the power to detect the environmental factors causing the population structure. Our coalescent simulations revealed that the finite sample correction of θWC is necessary to assess population structure using pairwise FST values. For microsatellite markers, EBFST performed the best among the present estimators regarding both bias and precision under high gene flow scenarios (FST ≤0.032). For 300 SNPs, EBFST had the highest precision in all cases, but the bias was negative and greater than those for GST_NC and θWC_F in all cases. GST_NC and θWC_F performed very similarly at all levels of FST. As the number of loci increased up to 10 000, the precision of GST_NC and θWC_F became slightly better than for EBFST for cases with FST ≥0.004, even though the size of the bias remained constant. The EB estimators described the fine-scale population structure of the herring and revealed that ~56% of the genetic differentiation was caused by sea surface temperature and salinity. The R package finepop for implementing all estimators used here is available on CRAN.
28241394	4	19	empirical Bayes	T170	C0025663
28241394	20	30	estimators	T170	C0870077
28241394	34	65	fine-scale population structure	T090	C0017404
28241394	69	73	high	T080	C0205250
28241394	74	83	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28241394	84	91	species	T185	C1705920
28241394	95	110	empirical Bayes	T170	C0025663
28241394	112	114	EB	T170	C0025663
28241394	116	138	pairwise FST estimator	T170	C0870077
28241394	187	198	performance	T052	C1882330
28241394	202	211	numerical	T081	C0243174
28241394	212	222	simulation	T062	C0679083
28241394	232	237	study	T062	C2603343
28241394	252	262	coalescent	T078	C0871935
28241394	263	274	simulations	T062	C0679083
28241394	289	317	genetic population structure	T090	C0017404
28241394	339	347	compared	T052	C1707455
28241394	352	363	performance	T052	C1882330
28241394	371	376	EBFST	T170	C1705273
28241394	382	391	Nei's GST	T062	C0936012
28241394	393	429	Nei and Chesser's bias-corrected GST	T170	C0237892
28241394	431	437	GST_NC	T170	C0237892
28241394	440	462	Weir and Cockerham's θ	T170	C0237892
28241394	464	467	θWC	T170	C0237892
28241394	473	504	θ with finite sample correction	T170	C0237892
28241394	506	511	θWC_F	T170	C0237892
28241394	533	535	EB	T170	C0025663
28241394	536	546	estimators	T170	C0870077
28241394	551	564	Hedrick' G'ST	T170	C0237892
28241394	569	576	Jost' D	T170	C0237892
28241394	595	605	estimators	T170	C0870077
28241394	628	631	SNP	T086	C0752046
28241394	632	641	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28241394	645	661	Atlantic herring	T013	C3665362
28241394	671	679	examined	T033	C0332128
28241394	684	689	power	T081	C3854080
28241394	693	699	detect	T033	C0442726
28241394	704	725	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
28241394	738	758	population structure	T090	C0017404
28241394	764	774	coalescent	T078	C0871935
28241394	775	786	simulations	T062	C0679083
28241394	787	795	revealed	T080	C0443289
28241394	805	829	finite sample correction	T169	C1521761
28241394	833	836	θWC	T170	C0237892
28241394	853	859	assess	T052	C1516048
28241394	860	880	population structure	T090	C0017404
28241394	887	899	pairwise FST	T170	C0600653
28241394	900	906	values	T080	C0042295
28241394	912	934	microsatellite markers	T114,T123	C1519302
28241394	936	941	EBFST	T170	C1705273
28241394	942	951	performed	T052	C1882330
28241394	956	960	best	T080	C1522427
28241394	971	978	present	T033	C0150312
28241394	979	989	estimators	T170	C0870077
28241394	1005	1009	bias	T078	C0242568
28241394	1014	1023	precision	T079	C1547902
28241394	1030	1034	high	T080	C0205250
28241394	1035	1044	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28241394	1045	1054	scenarios	T169	C0683579
28241394	1056	1059	FST	T170	C0600653
28241394	1083	1088	EBFST	T170	C1705273
28241394	1097	1104	highest	T080	C0205250
28241394	1105	1114	precision	T079	C1547902
28241394	1137	1141	bias	T078	C0242568
28241394	1146	1154	negative	T033	C0205160
28241394	1159	1166	greater	T081	C1704243
28241394	1182	1188	GST_NC	T170	C0237892
28241394	1193	1198	θWC_F	T170	C0237892
28241394	1213	1219	GST_NC	T170	C0237892
28241394	1224	1229	θWC_F	T170	C0237892
28241394	1230	1239	performed	T052	C1882330
28241394	1262	1268	levels	T080	C0441889
28241394	1272	1275	FST	T170	C0600653
28241394	1294	1298	loci	T082	C1708726
28241394	1299	1308	increased	T081	C0205217
28241394	1327	1336	precision	T079	C1547902
28241394	1340	1346	GST_NC	T170	C0237892
28241394	1351	1356	θWC_F	T170	C0237892
28241394	1364	1384	slightly better than	T033	C3843171
28241394	1389	1394	EBFST	T170	C1705273
28241394	1410	1413	FST	T170	C0600653
28241394	1438	1442	size	T082	C0456389
28241394	1450	1454	bias	T078	C0242568
28241394	1455	1472	remained constant	T080	C1948059
28241394	1478	1480	EB	T170	C0025663
28241394	1481	1491	estimators	T170	C0870077
28241394	1506	1537	fine-scale population structure	T090	C0017404
28241394	1545	1552	herring	T013	C1691760
28241394	1557	1565	revealed	T080	C0443289
28241394	1583	1606	genetic differentiation	T045	C0917892
28241394	1621	1624	sea	T083	C0036493
28241394	1625	1632	surface	T082	C0205148
28241394	1633	1644	temperature	T081	C0039476
28241394	1649	1657	salinity	T034	C1956027
28241394	1663	1680	R package finepop	T170	C0037589
28241394	1702	1712	estimators	T170	C0870077
28241394	1739	1743	CRAN	T073	C2700580

28241859|t|Human amnion epithelial cells rescue cell death via immunomodulation of microglia in a mouse model of perinatal brain injury
28241859|a|Human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) are clonogenic and have been proposed to reduce inflammatory - induced tissue injury. Perturbation of the immune response is implicated in the pathogenesis of perinatal brain injury; modulating this response could thus be a novel therapy for treating or preventing such injury. The immunomodulatory properties of hAECs have been shown in other animal models, but a detailed investigation of the effects on brain immune cells following injury has not been undertaken. Here, we investigate the effects of hAECs on microglia, the first immune responders to injury within the brain. We generated a mouse model combining neonatal inflammation and perinatal hyperoxia, both of which are risk factors associated with perinatal brain injury. On embryonic day 16 we administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or saline (control), intra-amniotically to C57Bl/6 J mouse pups. On postnatal day (P)0, LPS pups were placed in hyperoxia (65% oxygen) and control pups in normoxia for 14 days. Pups were given either hAECs or saline intravenously on P4. At P14, relative to controls, LPS and hyperoxia pups had reduced body weight, increased density of apoptotic cells (TUNEL) in the cortex, striatum and white matter, astrocytes (GFAP) in the white matter and activated microglia (CD68) in the cortex and striatum, but no change in total microglia density (Iba1). hAEC administration rescued the decreased body weight and reduced apoptosis and astrocyte areal coverage in the white matter, but increased the density of total and activated microglia. We then stimulated primary microglia (CD45 (low) CD11b (+)) with LPS for 24 h, followed by co-culture with hAEC conditioned medium for 48 h. hAEC conditioned medium increased microglial phagocytic activity, decreased microglia apoptosis and decreased M1 activation markers (CD86). Stimulating hAECs for 24 h with LPS did not alter release of cytokines known to modulate microglia activity. These data demonstrate that hAECs can directly immunomodulate brain microglia, probably via release of trophic factors. This observation offers promise that hAECs may afford therapeutic utility in the management of perinatal brain injury.
28241859	0	5	Human	T016	C0086418
28241859	6	12	amnion	T018	C1305379
28241859	13	29	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
28241859	37	47	cell death	T043	C0007587
28241859	52	68	immunomodulation	T061	C1963758
28241859	72	81	microglia	T025	C0206116
28241859	87	98	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28241859	102	124	perinatal brain injury	T037	C2347482
28241859	125	130	Human	T016	C0086418
28241859	131	137	amnion	T018	C1305379
28241859	138	154	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
28241859	156	161	hAECs	T025	C0014597
28241859	167	177	clonogenic	T081	C0392762
28241859	204	210	reduce	T081	C0205216
28241859	211	223	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28241859	226	233	induced	T169	C0205263
28241859	234	247	tissue injury	T037	C0037578
28241859	249	261	Perturbation	T169	C0332453
28241859	269	284	immune response	T042	C0301872
28241859	306	318	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28241859	322	344	perinatal brain injury	T037	C2347482
28241859	346	356	modulating	T082	C0443264
28241859	362	370	response	T042	C0301872
28241859	387	392	novel	T080	C0205314
28241859	393	400	therapy	T061	C0087111
28241859	405	413	treating	T169	C1522326
28241859	433	439	injury	T037	C2347482
28241859	445	461	immunomodulatory	T061	C1963758
28241859	476	481	hAECs	T025	C0014597
28241859	507	520	animal models	T008	C0599779
28241859	537	550	investigation	T058	C0220825
28241859	558	565	effects	T080	C1280500
28241859	569	574	brain	T023	C0006104
28241859	575	581	immune	T169	C0439662
28241859	582	587	cells	T025	C0007634
28241859	598	604	injury	T037	C2347482
28241859	639	650	investigate	T058	C0220825
28241859	655	662	effects	T080	C1280500
28241859	666	671	hAECs	T025	C0014597
28241859	675	684	microglia	T025	C0206116
28241859	696	713	immune responders	T042	C0301872
28241859	717	723	injury	T037	C2347482
28241859	735	740	brain	T023	C0006104
28241859	757	768	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28241859	779	787	neonatal	T079	C2939425
28241859	788	800	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28241859	805	814	perinatal	T079	C0178795
28241859	815	824	hyperoxia	T184	C0242706
28241859	844	856	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28241859	873	895	perinatal brain injury	T037	C2347482
28241859	900	909	embryonic	T042	C0013936
28241859	910	913	day	T079	C0439228
28241859	920	932	administered	T061	C1533734
28241859	933	951	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28241859	953	956	LPS	T109	C0023810
28241859	962	968	saline	T167	C0036082
28241859	970	977	control	T167	C1550141
28241859	980	998	intra-amniotically	T169	C1512912
28241859	1002	1022	C57Bl/6 J mouse pups	T015	C1521751
28241859	1027	1036	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28241859	1037	1040	day	T079	C0439228
28241859	1047	1050	LPS	T109	C0023810
28241859	1051	1055	pups	T015	C1521751
28241859	1071	1080	hyperoxia	T184	C0242706
28241859	1086	1092	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28241859	1098	1110	control pups	T096	C0009932
28241859	1114	1122	normoxia	T070	C0311411
28241859	1130	1134	days	T079	C0439228
28241859	1136	1140	Pups	T015	C1521751
28241859	1159	1164	hAECs	T025	C0014597
28241859	1168	1174	saline	T167	C0036082
28241859	1175	1188	intravenously	T061	C1737200
28241859	1216	1224	controls	T096	C0009932
28241859	1226	1229	LPS	T109	C0023810
28241859	1234	1243	hyperoxia	T184	C0242706
28241859	1244	1248	pups	T015	C1521751
28241859	1253	1260	reduced	T081	C0205216
28241859	1261	1272	body weight	T032	C0005910
28241859	1274	1283	increased	T081	C0205217
28241859	1284	1291	density	T081	C0178587
28241859	1295	1304	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
28241859	1305	1310	cells	T025	C0007634
28241859	1312	1317	TUNEL	T063	C1515232
28241859	1326	1332	cortex	T023	C0007776
28241859	1334	1342	striatum	T023	C0010097
28241859	1347	1359	white matter	T024	C0682708
28241859	1361	1371	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28241859	1373	1377	GFAP	T116,T123	C0017626
28241859	1386	1398	white matter	T024	C0682708
28241859	1403	1412	activated	T169	C1515877
28241859	1413	1422	microglia	T025	C0206116
28241859	1424	1428	CD68	T116,T129	C0215872
28241859	1437	1443	cortex	T023	C0007776
28241859	1448	1456	striatum	T023	C0010097
28241859	1481	1490	microglia	T025	C0206116
28241859	1491	1498	density	T081	C0178587
28241859	1500	1504	Iba1	T116,T129	C0312586
28241859	1507	1511	hAEC	T025	C0014597
28241859	1512	1526	administration	T061	C1533734
28241859	1539	1548	decreased	T081	C0205216
28241859	1549	1560	body weight	T032	C0005910
28241859	1565	1572	reduced	T081	C0205216
28241859	1573	1582	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28241859	1587	1596	astrocyte	T025	C0004112
28241859	1597	1611	areal coverage	T169	C1999244
28241859	1619	1631	white matter	T024	C0682708
28241859	1637	1646	increased	T081	C0205217
28241859	1651	1658	density	T081	C0178587
28241859	1672	1681	activated	T169	C1515877
28241859	1682	1691	microglia	T025	C0206116
28241859	1712	1719	primary	T080	C0205225
28241859	1720	1729	microglia	T025	C0206116
28241859	1731	1735	CD45	T116,T123	C1435882
28241859	1742	1747	CD11b	T116,T129,T192	C1136310
28241859	1758	1761	LPS	T109	C0023810
28241859	1784	1794	co-culture	T059	C0282547
28241859	1800	1804	hAEC	T025	C0014597
28241859	1805	1823	conditioned medium	T130	C0162518
28241859	1834	1838	hAEC	T025	C0014597
28241859	1839	1857	conditioned medium	T130	C0162518
28241859	1858	1867	increased	T081	C0205217
28241859	1868	1878	microglial	T025	C0206116
28241859	1879	1898	phagocytic activity	T043	C0031308
28241859	1900	1909	decreased	T081	C0205216
28241859	1910	1919	microglia	T025	C0206116
28241859	1920	1929	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28241859	1934	1943	decreased	T081	C0205216
28241859	1944	1965	M1 activation markers	T043	C0024426
28241859	1967	1971	CD86	T116,T129	C1528561
28241859	1986	1991	hAECs	T025	C0014597
28241859	2006	2009	LPS	T109	C0023810
28241859	2024	2031	release	T061	C1963578
28241859	2035	2044	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28241859	2054	2062	modulate	T082	C0443264
28241859	2063	2072	microglia	T025	C0206116
28241859	2073	2081	activity	T052	C0441655
28241859	2089	2093	data	T078	C1511726
28241859	2111	2116	hAECs	T025	C0014597
28241859	2130	2144	immunomodulate	T061	C1963758
28241859	2145	2150	brain	T023	C0006104
28241859	2151	2160	microglia	T025	C0206116
28241859	2175	2182	release	T061	C1963578
28241859	2186	2201	trophic factors	T116,T123	C1579754
28241859	2208	2219	observation	T062	C0302523
28241859	2240	2245	hAECs	T025	C0014597
28241859	2257	2276	therapeutic utility	T061	C0087111
28241859	2284	2294	management	T058	C0376636
28241859	2298	2320	perinatal brain injury	T037	C2347482

28241985|t|Cardiogenic shock caused by a left midventricular obstruction during refeeding in a patient with anorexia nervosa
28241985|a|Refeeding syndrome occurs when reinstating nutrition to severely malnourished patients. It can sometimes be fatal, particularly as a result of cardiac involvement such as congestive heart failure and arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to report a case of cardiogenic shock that occurred during refeeding in a patient with anorexia nervosa (AN). The cardiogenic shock was due to a previously unrecognized mechanism, namely a transient left midventricular obstruction that completely disappeared after treatment. A 46-y-old woman with AN who had followed a carbohydrate - and a fat - deficient diet for >10 y was hospitalized for dyspnea on exertion. She had severely impaired cardiac systolic function on admission and was considered high risk for refeeding syndrome. During a stepwise increase of calories, she showed no electrolyte or mineral abnormalities characteristic of refeeding syndrome. After intravenous administration of a fat emulsion, the patient suffered from cardiogenic shock due to an unexpected mechanism, namely a left midventricular obstruction caused by cardiac hypercontraction, a thickened left ventricular wall, and intravascular volume depletion. With cessation of the fat emulsion and initiation of volume repletion she recovered from shock immediately and her echocardiogram returned to normal by discharge. This case illustrated a novel cause of cardiogenic shock during refeeding and the need for caution during the intravenous administration of a fat emulsion in patients with initial left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
28241985	0	17	Cardiogenic shock	T046	C0036980
28241985	30	49	left midventricular	T023	C0445027
28241985	50	61	obstruction	T046	C0028778
28241985	69	78	refeeding	T047	C0860549
28241985	84	91	patient	T101	C0030705
28241985	97	113	anorexia nervosa	T048	C0003125
28241985	114	132	Refeeding syndrome	T047	C0860549
28241985	133	139	occurs	T052	C1709305
28241985	170	178	severely	T080	C0205082
28241985	179	191	malnourished	T047	C0162429
28241985	192	200	patients	T101	C0030705
28241985	222	227	fatal	T080	C1302234
28241985	247	253	result	T169	C1274040
28241985	257	264	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28241985	265	276	involvement	T169	C1314939
28241985	285	309	congestive heart failure	T047	C0018802
28241985	314	325	arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
28241985	343	348	study	T062	C2603343
28241985	356	362	report	T058	C0700287
28241985	365	369	case	T169	C0868928
28241985	373	390	cardiogenic shock	T046	C0036980
28241985	396	404	occurred	T052	C1709305
28241985	412	421	refeeding	T047	C0860549
28241985	427	434	patient	T101	C0030705
28241985	440	456	anorexia nervosa	T048	C0003125
28241985	458	460	AN	T048	C0003125
28241985	467	484	cardiogenic shock	T046	C0036980
28241985	509	521	unrecognized	T080	C4288068
28241985	522	531	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28241985	542	551	transient	T079	C1254367
28241985	552	571	left midventricular	T023	C0445027
28241985	572	583	obstruction	T046	C0028778
28241985	618	627	treatment	T061	C0087111
28241985	640	645	woman	T098	C0043210
28241985	651	653	AN	T048	C0003125
28241985	673	685	carbohydrate	T109	C0012170
28241985	694	697	fat	T109,T168	C0012171
28241985	700	709	deficient	T169	C0011155
28241985	710	714	diet	T168	C0012155
28241985	729	741	hospitalized	T033	C0701159
28241985	746	753	dyspnea	T184	C0013404
28241985	757	765	exertion	T040	C0015264
28241985	775	783	severely	T080	C0205082
28241985	784	792	impaired	T169	C0221099
28241985	793	818	cardiac systolic function	T042	C1254358
28241985	822	831	admission	T058	C0184666
28241985	856	860	risk	T078	C0035647
28241985	865	883	refeeding syndrome	T047	C0860549
28241985	903	911	increase	T169	C0442805
28241985	915	923	calories	T081	C1556156
28241985	939	950	electrolyte	T121,T197	C0013832
28241985	954	961	mineral	T197	C0026162
28241985	962	975	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28241985	994	1012	refeeding syndrome	T047	C0860549
28241985	1020	1064	intravenous administration of a fat emulsion	T109,T121	C0015667
28241985	1070	1077	patient	T101	C0030705
28241985	1092	1109	cardiogenic shock	T046	C0036980
28241985	1131	1140	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28241985	1151	1170	left midventricular	T023	C0445027
28241985	1171	1182	obstruction	T046	C0028778
28241985	1193	1217	cardiac hypercontraction	T046	C0030660
28241985	1221	1252	thickened left ventricular wall	T046	C0030660
28241985	1258	1288	intravascular volume depletion	T033	C0750310
28241985	1295	1304	cessation	T052	C1880019
28241985	1312	1324	fat emulsion	T109,T121	C0304483
28241985	1329	1339	initiation	T169	C1704686
28241985	1343	1359	volume repletion	T033	C0750310
28241985	1379	1384	shock	T046	C0036974
28241985	1405	1419	echocardiogram	T170	C2243117
28241985	1420	1431	returned to	T080	C0332156
28241985	1442	1451	discharge	T058	C0030685
28241985	1492	1509	cardiogenic shock	T046	C0036980
28241985	1517	1526	refeeding	T047	C0860549
28241985	1563	1607	intravenous administration of a fat emulsion	T109,T121	C0015667
28241985	1611	1619	patients	T101	C0030705
28241985	1633	1670	left ventricular systolic dysfunction	T047	C1277187

28241991|t|Effect of magnesium supplementation on depression status in depressed patients with magnesium deficiency: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
28241991|a|The aim of this study was to determine the effect of magnesium supplementation on the depression status of depressed patients suffering from magnesium deficiency. Sixty depressed people suffering from hypomagnesemia participated in this trial. The individuals were randomly categorized into two groups of 30 members; one receiving two 250-mg tablets of magnesium oxide (MG) daily and the other receiving placebo (PG) for 8 wk. The Beck Depression Inventory-II was conducted and the concentration of serum magnesium was measured. At the end of intervention, 88.5% of the MG and 48.1% of the PG (P = 0.002) had a normal level of magnesium. The mean changes of serum magnesium were significantly different across the two groups. After the intervention, the mean Beck score significantly declined. However, in the MG, this reduction was more significant than in the PG (P = 0.02), so that the mean changes in this group experienced 15.65 ± 8.9 reduction, but in the PG, it declined by 10.40 ± 7.9. Daily consumption of 500 mg magnesium oxide tablets for ≥8 wk by depressed patients suffering from magnesium deficiency leads to improvements in depression status and magnesium levels. Therefore, assessment of the magnesium serum and resolving this deficiency positively influence the treatment of depressed patients.
28241991	10	35	magnesium supplementation	T061	C1096534
28241991	39	49	depression	T048	C0011570
28241991	50	56	status	T033	C0449437
28241991	60	69	depressed	T048	C0011570
28241991	70	78	patients	T101	C0030705
28241991	84	104	magnesium deficiency	T047	C0024473
28241991	108	118	randomized	T062	C0034656
28241991	120	132	double-blind	T062	C0013072
28241991	134	158	placebo-controlled trial	T062	C1706408
28241991	202	208	effect	T169	C0728866
28241991	212	237	magnesium supplementation	T061	C1096534
28241991	245	255	depression	T048	C0011570
28241991	256	262	status	T033	C0449437
28241991	266	275	depressed	T048	C0011570
28241991	276	284	patients	T101	C0030705
28241991	285	294	suffering	T033	C0231303
28241991	300	320	magnesium deficiency	T047	C0024473
28241991	322	344	Sixty depressed people	T033	C0243095
28241991	345	354	suffering	T033	C0231303
28241991	360	374	hypomagnesemia	T033	C0151723
28241991	391	401	this trial	T062	C0008976
28241991	407	418	individuals	T098	C0237401
28241991	424	444	randomly categorized	T062	C0034656
28241991	454	460	groups	T078	C0441833
28241991	501	527	tablets of magnesium oxide	T121,T197	C0024477
28241991	529	531	MG	T121,T197	C0024477
28241991	563	570	placebo	T122	C1696465
28241991	572	574	PG	T122	C1696465
28241991	590	618	Beck Depression Inventory-II	T060	C4273959
28241991	658	686	serum magnesium was measured	T059	C0202125
28241991	729	731	MG	T121,T197	C0024477
28241991	749	751	PG	T122	C1696465
28241991	770	795	normal level of magnesium	T034	C1442943
28241991	806	832	changes of serum magnesium	T033	C1826990
28241991	877	883	groups	T078	C0441833
28241991	913	928	mean Beck score	T201	C2960571
28241991	929	951	significantly declined	T081	C4055638
28241991	969	971	MG	T121,T197	C0024477
28241991	992	1008	more significant	T080	C1299395
28241991	1021	1023	PG	T122	C1696465
28241991	1069	1074	group	T078	C0441833
28241991	1121	1123	PG	T122	C1696465
28241991	1153	1170	Daily consumption	UnknownType	C0678263
28241991	1181	1204	magnesium oxide tablets	T121,T197	C0024477
28241991	1218	1227	depressed	T048	C0011570
28241991	1228	1236	patients	T101	C0030705
28241991	1237	1246	suffering	T033	C0231303
28241991	1252	1272	magnesium deficiency	T047	C0024473
28241991	1298	1308	depression	T048	C0011570
28241991	1309	1315	status	T033	C0449437
28241991	1320	1336	magnesium levels	T034	C1442943
28241991	1349	1382	assessment of the magnesium serum	T059	C0202125
28241991	1402	1412	deficiency	T047	C0024473
28241991	1438	1447	treatment	T061	C0087111
28241991	1451	1460	depressed	T048	C0011570
28241991	1461	1469	patients	T101	C0030705

28242166|t|Dysphagia -optimised Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy Techniques in Pharyngeal Cancers: Is Anyone Going to Swallow it?
28242166|a|Dysphagia after primary chemoradiotherapy or radiation alone in pharyngeal cancers can have a devastating impact on a patient's physical, social and emotional state. Establishing and validating efficient dysphagia - optimised radiotherapy techniques is, therefore, of paramount importance in an era where health-related quality of life measures are increasingly influential determinants of curative management strategies, particularly as the incidence of good prognosis, human papillomavirus -driven pharyngeal cancer in younger patients continues to rise. The preferential sparing achievable with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) of key swallowing structures implicated in post-radiation dysfunction, such as the pharyngeal constrictor muscles (PCM), has generated significant research into toxicity - mitigating strategies. The lack of randomised evidence, however, means that there remains uncertainty about the true clinical benefits of the dosimetric gains offered by technological advances in radiotherapy. As a result, we feel that IMRT techniques that spare PCM cannot be incorporated into routine practice. In this review, we discuss the swallowing structures responsible for functional impairment, analyse the studies that have explored the dose-response relationship between these critical structures and late dysphagia, and consider the merits of reported dysphagia - optimised IMRT (Do-IMRT) approaches, thus far. Finally, we discuss the dysphagia / aspiration -related structures (DARS) study (ISRCTN 25458988), which is the first phase III randomised controlled trial designed to investigate the impact of swallow -sparing strategies on improving long-term function. To maximise patient benefits, improvements in radiation delivery will need to integrate with novel treatment paradigms and comprehensive rehabilitation strategies to eventually provide a patient -centric, personalised treatment plan.
28242166	0	9	Dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28242166	21	53	Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy	T061	C1512814
28242166	54	64	Techniques	T169	C0449851
28242166	68	86	Pharyngeal Cancers	T191	C0153405
28242166	119	128	Dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28242166	143	160	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28242166	164	173	radiation	T070	C0851346
28242166	183	201	pharyngeal cancers	T191	C0153405
28242166	225	231	impact	T080	C4049986
28242166	237	246	patient's	T101	C0030705
28242166	247	255	physical	T080	C0597240
28242166	257	263	social	T169	C0728831
28242166	268	283	emotional state	T041	C0935620
28242166	313	322	efficient	T080	C0442799
28242166	323	332	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28242166	335	344	optimised	T052	C2698650
28242166	345	368	radiotherapy techniques	T061	C1522449
28242166	424	454	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
28242166	455	463	measures	T081	C0079809
28242166	468	480	increasingly	T169	C0442808
28242166	493	505	determinants	T169	C1521761
28242166	509	539	curative management strategies	T170	C0679716
28242166	561	570	incidence	T081	C0021149
28242166	579	588	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28242166	590	610	human papillomavirus	T005	C0021344
28242166	619	636	pharyngeal cancer	T191	C0153405
28242166	640	647	younger	T079	C0332239
28242166	648	656	patients	T101	C0030705
28242166	717	749	intensity-modulated radiotherapy	T061	C1512814
28242166	751	755	IMRT	T061	C1512814
28242166	764	785	swallowing structures	T040	C0011167
28242166	800	826	post-radiation dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28242166	840	870	pharyngeal constrictor muscles	T023	C0224205
28242166	872	875	PCM	T023	C0224205
28242166	892	903	significant	T078	C0750502
28242166	904	912	research	T062	C0035168
28242166	918	926	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28242166	929	939	mitigating	T067	C1553901
28242166	964	974	randomised	T080	C0439605
28242166	975	983	evidence	T078	C3887511
28242166	1046	1054	clinical	T080	C0205210
28242166	1055	1063	benefits	T081	C0814225
28242166	1071	1081	dosimetric	T059	C0034603
28242166	1082	1087	gains	T081	C1517378
28242166	1099	1121	technological advances	UnknownType	C0681519
28242166	1125	1137	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28242166	1165	1169	IMRT	T061	C1512814
28242166	1170	1180	techniques	T169	C0449851
28242166	1192	1195	PCM	T023	C0224205
28242166	1273	1294	swallowing structures	T040	C0011167
28242166	1311	1332	functional impairment	T033	C4062321
28242166	1377	1403	dose-response relationship	T038	C0678790
28242166	1418	1437	critical structures	T033	C0243095
28242166	1447	1456	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28242166	1494	1503	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28242166	1506	1515	optimised	T052	C2698650
28242166	1516	1520	IMRT	T061	C1512814
28242166	1522	1529	Do-IMRT	T061	C1512814
28242166	1577	1586	dysphagia	T047	C0011168
28242166	1589	1599	aspiration	T046	C0700198
28242166	1609	1632	structures (DARS) study	T062	C2603343
28242166	1665	1680	first phase III	T079	C0205390
28242166	1681	1708	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28242166	1737	1743	impact	T080	C4049986
28242166	1747	1754	swallow	T169	C1706486
28242166	1778	1787	improving	T080	C1272745
28242166	1788	1797	long-term	T079	C0443252
28242166	1798	1806	function	T169	C0542341
28242166	1820	1836	patient benefits	T058	C0509803
28242166	1838	1850	improvements	T077	C2986411
28242166	1854	1872	radiation delivery	T061	C2094475
28242166	1907	1916	treatment	T061	C0087111
28242166	1917	1926	paradigms	T062	C0681797
28242166	1931	1959	comprehensive rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
28242166	1995	2002	patient	T101	C0030705
28242166	2013	2040	personalised treatment plan	T170	C0599880

28242379|t|Plantar fascia segmentation and thickness estimation in ultrasound images
28242379|a|Ultrasound (US) imaging offers significant potential in diagnosis of plantar fascia (PF) injury and monitoring treatment. In particular US imaging has been shown to be reliable in foot and ankle assessment and offers a real-time effective imaging technique that is able to reliably confirm structural changes, such as thickening, and identify changes in the internal echo structure associated with diseased or damaged tissue. Despite the advantages of US imaging, images are difficult to interpret during medical assessment. This is partly due to the size and position of the PF in relation to the adjacent tissues. It is therefore a requirement to devise a system that allows better and easier interpretation of PF ultrasound images during diagnosis. This study proposes an automatic segmentation approach which for the first time extracts ultrasound data to estimate size across three sections of the PF (rearfoot, midfoot and forefoot). This segmentation method uses artificial neural network module (ANN) in order to classify small overlapping patches as belonging or not-belonging to the region of interest (ROI) of the PF tissue. Features ranking and selection techniques were performed as a post-processing step for features extraction to reduce the dimension and number of the extracted features. The trained ANN classifies the image overlapping patches into PF and non- PF tissue, and then it is used to segment the desired PF region. The PF thickness was calculated using two different methods: distance transformation and area-length calculation algorithms. This new approach is capable of accurately segmenting the PF region, differentiating it from surrounding tissues and estimating its thickness.
28242379	0	14	Plantar fascia	T023	C0549109
28242379	15	27	segmentation	T058	C0700381
28242379	32	41	thickness	T080	C1280412
28242379	42	52	estimation	T041	C0680844
28242379	56	73	ultrasound images	T073	C3897454
28242379	74	97	Ultrasound (US) imaging	T060	C0041618
28242379	130	139	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28242379	143	157	plantar fascia	T023	C0549109
28242379	159	161	PF	T023	C0549109
28242379	163	169	injury	T037	C0037578
28242379	174	194	monitoring treatment	T058	C1822578
28242379	210	220	US imaging	T060	C0041618
28242379	254	268	foot and ankle	T029	C0870018
28242379	269	279	assessment	T058	C0220825
28242379	293	302	real-time	T079	C1550177
28242379	313	330	imaging technique	T060	C0079595
28242379	364	374	structural	T082	C0678594
28242379	375	382	changes	T169	C0392747
28242379	392	402	thickening	T033	C0205400
28242379	417	424	changes	T169	C0392747
28242379	432	440	internal	T082	C0205102
28242379	441	455	echo structure	T201	C1719852
28242379	472	480	diseased	T047	C0012634
28242379	484	491	damaged	T169	C1883709
28242379	492	498	tissue	T024	C0040300
28242379	526	536	US imaging	T060	C0041618
28242379	538	544	images	T073	C3897454
28242379	579	597	medical assessment	T058	C0582103
28242379	625	629	size	T082	C0456389
28242379	634	642	position	T082	C0733755
28242379	650	652	PF	T023	C0549109
28242379	672	680	adjacent	T082	C0205117
28242379	681	688	tissues	T024	C0040300
28242379	769	783	interpretation	T033	C0420833
28242379	787	789	PF	T023	C0549109
28242379	790	807	ultrasound images	T073	C3897454
28242379	815	824	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28242379	849	880	automatic segmentation approach	T059	C0200768
28242379	915	930	ultrasound data	T073	C3897454
28242379	977	979	PF	T023	C0549109
28242379	981	989	rearfoot	T029	C0230459
28242379	991	998	midfoot	T029	C0932074
28242379	1003	1011	forefoot	T023	C1510667
28242379	1019	1038	segmentation method	T059	C0200768
28242379	1044	1076	artificial neural network module	T170	C0870951
28242379	1078	1081	ANN	T170	C0870951
28242379	1110	1129	overlapping patches	T033	C0243095
28242379	1167	1185	region of interest	T082	C0807727
28242379	1187	1190	ROI	T082	C0807727
28242379	1199	1201	PF	T023	C0549109
28242379	1202	1208	tissue	T024	C0040300
28242379	1231	1251	selection techniques	T169	C0025664
28242379	1272	1287	post-processing	T170	C0449935
28242379	1297	1305	features	T080	C2346469
28242379	1359	1377	extracted features	T080	C2346469
28242379	1391	1394	ANN	T170	C0870951
28242379	1410	1415	image	T073	C3897454
28242379	1416	1435	overlapping patches	T033	C0243095
28242379	1441	1443	PF	T023	C0549109
28242379	1453	1455	PF	T023	C0549109
28242379	1456	1462	tissue	T024	C0040300
28242379	1487	1494	segment	T058	C0700381
28242379	1507	1509	PF	T023	C0549109
28242379	1522	1524	PF	T023	C0549109
28242379	1525	1534	thickness	T080	C1280412
28242379	1579	1641	distance transformation and area-length calculation algorithms	T170	C0002045
28242379	1686	1696	segmenting	T058	C0700381
28242379	1701	1703	PF	T023	C0549109
28242379	1736	1747	surrounding	T082	C1282914
28242379	1748	1755	tissues	T024	C0040300
28242379	1775	1784	thickness	T080	C1280412

28243093|t|Corneal permeation properties of a charged lipid nanoparticle carrier containing dexamethasone
28243093|a|Drug delivery carriers can maintain effective therapeutic concentrations in the eye. To this end, we developed lipid nanoparticles (L / NPs) in which the surface was modified with positively charged chitosan, which engaged in hydrogen bonding with the phospholipid membrane. We evaluated in vitro corneal permeability and release characteristics, ocular irritation, and drug dynamics of modified and unmodified L / NPs in aqueous humor. The size of L / NPs was uniform and showed a narrow distribution. Corneal permeation was altered by the presence of chitosan and was dependent on particle size; the apparent permeability coefficient of dexamethasone increased by 2.7 and 1.8 times for chitosan - modified and unmodified L / NPs, respectively. In conclusion, a chitosan - modified system could be a promising method for increasing the ocular bioavailability of unmodified L / NPs by enhancing their retention time and permeation into the cornea. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of effective drug delivery systems in the treatment of ocular disease.
28243093	0	7	Corneal	T023	C0010031
28243093	8	18	permeation	T070	C0031164
28243093	19	29	properties	T080	C0871161
28243093	35	48	charged lipid	T109	C0023779
28243093	49	61	nanoparticle	T073	C1450054
28243093	62	69	carrier	T122	C0013161
28243093	70	80	containing	T052	C2700400
28243093	81	94	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28243093	95	117	Drug delivery carriers	T122	C0013161
28243093	122	130	maintain	T052	C0024501
28243093	131	140	effective	T080	C1280519
28243093	141	152	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28243093	153	167	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28243093	175	178	eye	T023	C0015392
28243093	196	205	developed	T169	C1527148
28243093	206	211	lipid	T109	C0023779
28243093	212	225	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28243093	227	228	L	T109	C0023779
28243093	231	234	NPs	T073	C1450054
28243093	249	256	surface	T082	C0205148
28243093	261	269	modified	T169	C0205245
28243093	275	293	positively charged	T080	C2825490
28243093	294	302	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28243093	310	317	engaged	T169	C1314939
28243093	321	337	hydrogen bonding	T070	C0020276
28243093	347	359	phospholipid	T109,T123	C0031676
28243093	360	368	membrane	T122	C0005479
28243093	383	391	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28243093	392	399	corneal	T023	C0010031
28243093	400	412	permeability	T070	C0031164
28243093	417	424	release	T169	C0391871
28243093	425	440	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28243093	442	448	ocular	T023	C0015392
28243093	449	459	irritation	T033	C1706307
28243093	465	469	drug	T121	C1254351
28243093	470	478	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28243093	482	490	modified	T169	C0392747
28243093	495	505	unmodified	T080	C2346711
28243093	506	507	L	T109	C0023779
28243093	510	513	NPs	T073	C1450054
28243093	517	530	aqueous humor	T031	C0003662
28243093	536	540	size	T082	C0456389
28243093	544	545	L	T109	C0023779
28243093	548	551	NPs	T073	C1450054
28243093	556	563	uniform	T080	C0205375
28243093	568	574	showed	T169	C0870432
28243093	577	583	narrow	T080	C0333164
28243093	584	596	distribution	T082	C0037775
28243093	598	605	Corneal	T023	C0010031
28243093	606	616	permeation	T070	C0031164
28243093	621	628	altered	T169	C0392747
28243093	636	644	presence	T033	C0150312
28243093	648	656	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28243093	665	674	dependent	T080	C1701901
28243093	678	691	particle size	T081	C0030608
28243093	697	705	apparent	T078	C0750489
28243093	706	718	permeability	T070	C0031164
28243093	719	730	coefficient	T081	C1707429
28243093	734	747	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28243093	748	757	increased	T081	C0205217
28243093	783	791	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28243093	794	802	modified	T169	C0205245
28243093	807	817	unmodified	T080	C2346711
28243093	818	819	L	T109	C0023779
28243093	822	825	NPs	T073	C1450054
28243093	858	866	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28243093	869	884	modified system	T169	C0205245
28243093	896	905	promising	T080	C0205170
28243093	906	912	method	T170	C0025663
28243093	917	927	increasing	T169	C0442808
28243093	932	938	ocular	T023	C0015392
28243093	939	954	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
28243093	958	968	unmodified	T080	C2346711
28243093	969	970	L	T109	C0023779
28243093	973	976	NPs	T073	C1450054
28243093	980	989	enhancing	T052	C2349975
28243093	996	1005	retention	T169	C0333117
28243093	1006	1010	time	T079	C0040223
28243093	1015	1025	permeation	T070	C0031164
28243093	1035	1041	cornea	T023	C0010031
28243093	1049	1057	findings	T033	C0243095
28243093	1068	1079	theoretical	T078	C0871935
28243093	1080	1085	basis	T169	C1527178
28243093	1094	1105	development	T169	C1527148
28243093	1109	1118	effective	T080	C1280519
28243093	1119	1140	drug delivery systems	T074	C0085104
28243093	1148	1157	treatment	T061	C0087111
28243093	1161	1175	ocular disease	UnknownType	C0544011

28243201|t|Identification of Predictive DNA Methylation Biomarkers for Chemotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer
28243201|a|Resistance to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a major obstacle to the successful treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) and posed an increased risk of recurrence. DNA methylation has been suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms for recurrent disease and its contribution to the development of drug resistance remains to be clarified. This study aimed to determine the methylation phenotype in CRC for identification of predictive markers for chemotherapy response. We performed DNA methylation profiling on 43 non-recurrent and five recurrent CRC patients using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip assay. In addition, CRC cells with different genetic backgrounds, response to 5-FU and global methylation levels (HT29 and SW48) were treated with 5-FU and DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azadC). The singular and combined effects of these two drug classes on cell viability and global methylation profiles were investigated. Our genome-wide methylation study on the clinical specimens showed that recurrent CRCs exhibited higher methylation levels compared to non-recurrent CRCs. We identified 4787 significantly differentially methylated genes (P < 0.05); 3112 genes were hyper - while 1675 genes were hypomethylated in the recurrent group compared to the non-recurrent. Fifty eight and 47 of the significantly hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes have an absolute recurrent / non-recurrent methylation difference of ≥20%. Most of the hypermethylated genes were involved in the MAPK signaling pathway which is a key regulator for apoptosis while the hypomethylated genes were involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and proliferation process. We also demonstrate that 5-azadC treatment enhanced response to 5-FU which resulted in significant growth inhibition compared to 5-FU alone in hypermethylated cell lines SW48. In conclusion, we found the evidence of five potentially biologically important genes in recurrent CRCs that could possibly serve as a new potential therapeutic targets for patients with chemoresistance. We postulate that aberrant methylation of CCNEI, CCNDBP1, PON3, DDX43, and CHL1 in CRC might be associated with the recurrence of CRC and 5-azadC -mediated restoration of 5-FU sensitivity is mediated at least in part by MAPK signaling pathway.
28243201	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
28243201	29	44	DNA Methylation	T044	C0376452
28243201	45	55	Biomarkers	T123	C0041366
28243201	60	72	Chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28243201	73	81	Response	T201	C0521982
28243201	85	102	Colorectal Cancer	T191	C1527249
28243201	103	113	Resistance	T038	C0013203
28243201	117	131	5-Fluorouracil	T114,T121	C0016360
28243201	133	137	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
28243201	177	186	treatment	T169	C1522326
28243201	190	207	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28243201	209	212	CRC	T191	C1527249
28243201	237	255	risk of recurrence	T081	C2986492
28243201	257	272	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28243201	317	327	mechanisms	T046	C0920474
28243201	332	349	recurrent disease	T047	C0277556
28243201	358	370	contribution	T052	C1880177
28243201	393	408	drug resistance	T038	C0013203
28243201	423	432	clarified	T052	C2986669
28243201	439	444	study	T062	C0008972
28243201	468	479	methylation	T044	C0376452
28243201	480	489	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28243201	493	496	CRC	T191	C1527249
28243201	501	515	identification	T080	C0205396
28243201	530	537	markers	T123	C0041366
28243201	542	554	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28243201	555	563	response	T201	C0521982
28243201	578	593	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28243201	594	603	profiling	T169	C2003903
28243201	610	623	non-recurrent	T079	C0439597
28243201	633	642	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28243201	643	646	CRC	T191	C1527249
28243201	647	655	patients	T101	C0030705
28243201	666	718	Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip assay	T063	C1880239
28243201	733	736	CRC	T191	C1527249
28243201	737	742	cells	T025	C0334227
28243201	758	777	genetic backgrounds	T032	C4042916
28243201	779	787	response	T201	C0521982
28243201	791	795	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
28243201	800	818	global methylation	T044	C0376452
28243201	819	825	levels	T080	C0441889
28243201	827	831	HT29	T025	C0282639
28243201	836	840	SW48	T025	C0085983
28243201	847	854	treated	T169	C1522326
28243201	860	864	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
28243201	869	884	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28243201	885	894	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28243201	895	917	5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine	T114,T121	C0049065
28243201	919	926	5-azadC	T114,T121	C0049065
28243201	955	962	effects	T080	C1280500
28243201	976	980	drug	T121	C1254351
28243201	981	988	classes	T170	C0456387
28243201	992	1006	cell viability	T043	C0007620
28243201	1011	1029	global methylation	T044	C0376452
28243201	1030	1038	profiles	T059	C1979963
28243201	1062	1091	genome-wide methylation study	T063	C2350277
28243201	1099	1107	clinical	T080	C0205210
28243201	1108	1117	specimens	T167	C0370003
28243201	1130	1139	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28243201	1140	1144	CRCs	T191	C1527249
28243201	1162	1173	methylation	T044	C0376452
28243201	1174	1180	levels	T080	C0441889
28243201	1193	1206	non-recurrent	T079	C0439597
28243201	1207	1211	CRCs	T191	C1527249
28243201	1216	1226	identified	T080	C0205396
28243201	1261	1277	methylated genes	T028	C0017337
28243201	1295	1300	genes	T028	C0017337
28243201	1306	1311	hyper	T033	C0243095
28243201	1325	1330	genes	T028	C0017337
28243201	1336	1350	hypomethylated	T033	C0243095
28243201	1358	1367	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28243201	1368	1373	group	T078	C0441833
28243201	1390	1403	non-recurrent	T079	C0439597
28243201	1445	1485	hypermethylated and hypomethylated genes	T028	C0017337
28243201	1503	1512	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28243201	1515	1528	non-recurrent	T079	C0439597
28243201	1529	1540	methylation	T044	C0376452
28243201	1573	1594	hypermethylated genes	T028	C0017337
28243201	1616	1638	MAPK signaling pathway	T043	C1518102
28243201	1654	1663	regulator	T077	C1704735
28243201	1668	1677	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28243201	1688	1708	hypomethylated genes	T028	C0017337
28243201	1730	1756	PI3K-AKT signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28243201	1761	1782	proliferation process	T169	C1514485
28243201	1809	1816	5-azadC	T114,T121	C0049065
28243201	1817	1826	treatment	T169	C1522326
28243201	1836	1844	response	T201	C0521982
28243201	1848	1852	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
28243201	1883	1900	growth inhibition	T043	C1512773
28243201	1913	1917	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
28243201	1927	1958	hypermethylated cell lines SW48	T025	C0085983
28243201	2040	2045	genes	T028	C0017337
28243201	2049	2058	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28243201	2059	2063	CRCs	T191	C1527249
28243201	2109	2120	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
28243201	2121	2128	targets	T169	C1521840
28243201	2133	2141	patients	T101	C0030705
28243201	2147	2162	chemoresistance	T038	C0013203
28243201	2182	2190	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28243201	2191	2202	methylation	T044	C0376452
28243201	2206	2211	CCNEI	T028	C0017337
28243201	2213	2220	CCNDBP1	T028	C1413177
28243201	2222	2226	PON3	T028	C1418756
28243201	2228	2233	DDX43	T028	C1425700
28243201	2239	2243	CHL1	T028	C1413393
28243201	2247	2250	CRC	T191	C1527249
28243201	2260	2275	associated with	T080	C0332281
28243201	2280	2290	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28243201	2294	2297	CRC	T191	C1527249
28243201	2302	2309	5-azadC	T114,T121	C0049065
28243201	2335	2339	5-FU	T114,T121	C0016360
28243201	2384	2406	MAPK signaling pathway	T043	C1518102

28243464|t|Caring for relatives with agitation at home: a qualitative study of positive coping strategies
28243464|a|Trials of psychological interventions for reducing agitation in people with dementia living at home have been unsuccessful. To inform future interventions by identifying successful strategies of family carers with relatives with dementia and agitation living at home. Qualitative in-depth individual interviews were performed with 18 family carers. We used thematic analysis to identify emerging themes. Carers described initial surprise and then acceptance that agitation is a dementia symptom and learned to respond flexibly. Their strategies encompassed: prevention of agitation by familiar routine; reduction of agitation by addressing underlying causes and using distraction; prevention of escalation by risk enablement, not arguing; and control of their emotional responses by ensuring their relative's safety then walking away, carving out some time for themselves and using family and services for emotional and practical help. These strategies can be manualised and tested in future randomised controlled trials for clinical effectiveness in reducing agitation in people with dementia living at home. None. © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2017. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Non-Commercial, No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license.
28243464	0	6	Caring	T055	C0150499
28243464	11	20	relatives	T099	C0080103
28243464	26	35	agitation	T184	C0085631
28243464	39	43	home	T082	C0442519
28243464	47	64	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28243464	68	76	positive	T033	C1446409
28243464	77	83	coping	T055	C0009967
28243464	84	94	strategies	T061	C0184661
28243464	95	101	Trials	T062	C0008976
28243464	105	132	psychological interventions	T058	C1879796
28243464	137	145	reducing	T080	C0392756
28243464	146	155	agitation	T184	C0085631
28243464	159	165	people	T098	C0027361
28243464	171	179	dementia	T048	C0497327
28243464	190	194	home	T082	C0442519
28243464	205	217	unsuccessful	T080	C1272705
28243464	236	249	interventions	T061	C0184661
28243464	265	275	successful	T080	C1272703
28243464	276	286	strategies	T061	C0184661
28243464	290	296	family	T099	C0015576
28243464	297	303	carers	T097	C0085537
28243464	309	318	relatives	T099	C0080103
28243464	324	332	dementia	T048	C0497327
28243464	337	346	agitation	T184	C0085631
28243464	357	361	home	T082	C0442519
28243464	363	374	Qualitative	T080	C0205556
28243464	384	405	individual interviews	T052	C0021822
28243464	411	420	performed	T169	C0884358
28243464	429	435	family	T099	C0015576
28243464	436	442	carers	T097	C0085537
28243464	452	469	thematic analysis	T062	C0949415
28243464	499	505	Carers	T097	C0085537
28243464	542	552	acceptance	T055	C0000899
28243464	558	567	agitation	T184	C0085631
28243464	573	581	dementia	T048	C0497327
28243464	582	589	symptom	T184	C1457887
28243464	594	601	learned	T041	C0023185
28243464	613	621	flexibly	T080	C0443220
28243464	629	639	strategies	T061	C0184661
28243464	653	663	prevention	T061	C0199176
28243464	667	676	agitation	T184	C0085631
28243464	680	688	familiar	T080	C0205309
28243464	698	707	reduction	T080	C0392756
28243464	711	720	agitation	T184	C0085631
28243464	763	774	distraction	T053	C4060717
28243464	776	786	prevention	T061	C0199176
28243464	790	800	escalation	T052	C4086266
28243464	804	819	risk enablement	T033	C0243095
28243464	838	845	control	T169	C2587213
28243464	855	874	emotional responses	T041	C0870485
28243464	893	903	relative's	T099	C0080103
28243464	904	910	safety	T068	C0036043
28243464	916	928	walking away	T033	C0243095
28243464	947	951	time	T079	C0040223
28243464	977	983	family	T099	C0015576
28243464	988	996	services	T058	C0018747
28243464	1001	1010	emotional	T033	C0849912
28243464	1025	1029	help	T080	C1269765
28243464	1037	1047	strategies	T061	C0184661
28243464	1087	1115	randomised controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28243464	1120	1142	clinical effectiveness	T080	C3850123
28243464	1146	1154	reducing	T080	C0392756
28243464	1155	1164	agitation	T184	C0085631
28243464	1168	1174	people	T098	C0027361
28243464	1180	1188	dementia	T048	C0497327
28243464	1199	1203	home	T082	C0442519

28243780|t|The influence of cognitive load on metabolic cost of transport during overground walking in healthy, young adults
28243780|a|Our aim was to examine whether cognitive processing during walking increases the metabolic cost of transport in healthy young adults. Twenty healthy, young adults completed five conditions: (1) walking at a self - selected speed (spontaneous single-task), (2) seated resting (baseline), (3) performing cognitive task while seated (cognitive single-task), (4) walking while simultaneously performing the cognitive task (dual-task), and (5) single-task walking at a speed that matched the participant's dual-task gait speed (matched single-task). Rate of oxygen consumption (V̇O2) was recorded during all conditions. Gait speed and cost of walking (Cw; oxygen consumed per distance traveled) were recorded during all walking conditions. Reaction time and accuracy of responses in the cognitive task were recorded during all cognitive task conditions. Data from the fifth minute of each 5- min condition were analyzed. There was no difference in V̇O2 between the dual-task and matched single-task walking conditions. V̇O2 in the seated cognitive condition was significantly smaller than both walking conditions, but was not significantly different than zero. Cw was significantly greater during the matched single-task walking condition than during the dual-task walking condition. However, the difference in Cw was so small that it is unlikely to be clinically significant (0.008 mLO2/kg/m, 95% CI 0.002-0.014). Cognitive processing while walking may not increase energy demands of walking in healthy young adults. Maintaining non-preferred gait speed (matched speed) overground continuously for 5 min may require attentional resources, and thereby increase metabolic costs relative to walking at habitual speed.
28243780	4	13	influence	T077	C4054723
28243780	17	31	cognitive load	T081	C0870301
28243780	35	44	metabolic	T040	C0025519
28243780	45	49	cost	T081	C0015316
28243780	53	62	transport	T078	C1554194
28243780	70	88	overground walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	92	99	healthy	T080	C3898900
28243780	101	113	young adults	T100	C0238598
28243780	145	165	cognitive processing	T041	C0025361
28243780	173	180	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	181	190	increases	T169	C0442805
28243780	195	204	metabolic	T040	C0025519
28243780	205	209	cost	T081	C0015316
28243780	213	222	transport	T078	C1554194
28243780	226	233	healthy	T080	C3898900
28243780	234	246	young adults	T100	C0238598
28243780	255	262	healthy	T080	C3898900
28243780	264	276	young adults	T100	C0238598
28243780	292	302	conditions	T080	C0348080
28243780	308	315	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	321	325	self	T078	C0036588
28243780	328	336	selected	T052	C1707391
28243780	337	342	speed	T081	C0678536
28243780	344	355	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28243780	356	367	single-task	T052	C0441655
28243780	374	380	seated	T033	C4042775
28243780	381	388	resting	T056	C0035253
28243780	390	398	baseline	T081	C1442488
28243780	416	425	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28243780	426	430	task	T052	C0441655
28243780	437	443	seated	T033	C4042775
28243780	445	454	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28243780	455	466	single-task	T052	C0441655
28243780	473	480	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	487	501	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
28243780	502	512	performing	T169	C0884358
28243780	517	526	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28243780	527	531	task	T052	C0441655
28243780	533	542	dual-task	T052	C0441655
28243780	553	564	single-task	T052	C0441655
28243780	565	572	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	578	583	speed	T081	C0678536
28243780	589	596	matched	T080	C1708943
28243780	601	614	participant's	T098	C0679646
28243780	615	624	dual-task	T052	C0441655
28243780	625	635	gait speed	T032	C2009910
28243780	637	644	matched	T080	C1708943
28243780	645	656	single-task	T052	C0441655
28243780	659	685	Rate of oxygen consumption	T081	C1521828
28243780	687	691	V̇O2	T081	C1521828
28243780	717	727	conditions	T080	C0348080
28243780	729	739	Gait speed	T032	C2009910
28243780	744	748	cost	T081	C0015316
28243780	752	759	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	761	763	Cw	T081	C0015316
28243780	765	802	oxygen consumed per distance traveled	T201	C0030055
28243780	829	836	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	837	847	conditions	T080	C0348080
28243780	849	862	Reaction time	T079	C0034746
28243780	867	875	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28243780	879	888	responses	T032	C0871261
28243780	896	905	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28243780	906	910	task	T052	C0441655
28243780	936	945	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28243780	946	950	task	T052	C0441655
28243780	951	961	conditions	T080	C0348080
28243780	963	967	Data	T078	C1511726
28243780	983	989	minute	T079	C0439232
28243780	1001	1004	min	T079	C0439232
28243780	1005	1014	condition	T080	C0348080
28243780	1020	1028	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28243780	1057	1061	V̇O2	T081	C1521828
28243780	1074	1083	dual-task	T052	C0441655
28243780	1088	1095	matched	T080	C1708943
28243780	1096	1107	single-task	T052	C0441655
28243780	1108	1115	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	1116	1126	conditions	T080	C0348080
28243780	1128	1132	V̇O2	T081	C1521828
28243780	1140	1146	seated	T033	C4042775
28243780	1147	1156	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28243780	1157	1166	condition	T080	C0348080
28243780	1203	1210	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	1211	1221	conditions	T080	C0348080
28243780	1270	1272	Cw	T081	C0015316
28243780	1310	1317	matched	T080	C1708943
28243780	1318	1329	single-task	T052	C0441655
28243780	1330	1337	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	1338	1347	condition	T080	C0348080
28243780	1364	1373	dual-task	T052	C0441655
28243780	1374	1381	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	1382	1391	condition	T080	C0348080
28243780	1420	1422	Cw	T081	C0015316
28243780	1462	1472	clinically	T080	C0205210
28243780	1473	1484	significant	T078	C0750502
28243780	1524	1544	Cognitive processing	T041	C0025361
28243780	1551	1558	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	1567	1575	increase	T169	C0442805
28243780	1576	1582	energy	T081	C1442080
28243780	1594	1601	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	1605	1612	healthy	T080	C3898900
28243780	1613	1625	young adults	T100	C0238598
28243780	1653	1663	gait speed	T032	C2009910
28243780	1665	1672	matched	T080	C1708943
28243780	1673	1678	speed	T081	C0678536
28243780	1710	1713	min	T079	C0439232
28243780	1726	1737	attentional	T041	C0004268
28243780	1738	1747	resources	T078	C0035201
28243780	1761	1769	increase	T169	C0442805
28243780	1770	1779	metabolic	T040	C0025519
28243780	1780	1785	costs	T081	C0015316
28243780	1798	1805	walking	T056	C0080331
28243780	1809	1817	habitual	T079	C0205353
28243780	1818	1823	speed	T081	C0678536

28243909|t|Effect of Successive Administration of Vancomycin and Amikacin on Auditory Function of Immature Animals
28243909|a|Effect of successive administration vancomycin and amikacin in therapeutic doses on immature auditory organ was compared to single administration of the same drugs in chronic experiments on immature rabbits by recording of short-latency auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Drug administration always increased significantly the ABR peak I threshold. Ototoxic antibiotics did not change DPOAE, but selectively affected activity of outer hair cells. No enhancement of the ototoxic effects was observed after successive administration of the two antibiotics.
28243909	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
28243909	10	35	Successive Administration	T061	C1533734
28243909	39	49	Vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28243909	54	62	Amikacin	T109,T195	C0002499
28243909	66	83	Auditory Function	T039	C0018767
28243909	87	103	Immature Animals	T032	C0596750
28243909	104	110	Effect	T080	C1280500
28243909	114	139	successive administration	T061	C1533734
28243909	140	150	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28243909	155	163	amikacin	T109,T195	C0002499
28243909	167	178	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28243909	179	184	doses	T081	C0178602
28243909	188	196	immature	T080	C0205252
28243909	197	211	auditory organ	T022	C0587901
28243909	216	224	compared	T052	C1707455
28243909	228	234	single	T081	C0205171
28243909	235	249	administration	T058	C3469597
28243909	257	261	same	T080	C0445247
28243909	262	267	drugs	T121	C1254351
28243909	271	278	chronic	T079	C0205191
28243909	279	290	experiments	T062	C0205664
28243909	294	302	immature	T080	C0205252
28243909	303	310	rabbits	T015	C3887509
28243909	314	323	recording	T080	C2355580
28243909	327	340	short-latency	T079	C0242465
28243909	341	368	auditory brainstem response	T201	C0085854
28243909	370	373	ABR	T201	C0085854
28243909	379	418	distortion product otoacoustic emission	T060	C0430676
28243909	420	425	DPOAE	T060	C0430676
28243909	428	447	Drug administration	T058	C3469597
28243909	455	464	increased	T081	C0205217
28243909	483	486	ABR	T201	C0085854
28243909	494	503	threshold	T081	C0004312
28243909	505	513	Ototoxic	T037	C0235280
28243909	514	525	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28243909	541	546	DPOAE	T060	C0430676
28243909	564	572	affected	T169	C0392760
28243909	573	581	activity	T033	C3668946
28243909	585	601	outer hair cells	T025	C1518683
28243909	603	605	No	T033	C1513916
28243909	606	617	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28243909	625	641	ototoxic effects	T037	C0235280
28243909	646	654	observed	T169	C1441672
28243909	661	686	successive administration	T061	C1533734
28243909	698	709	antibiotics	T195	C0003232

28243923|t|Risks and benefits of reducing target volume margins in breast tangent radiotherapy
28243923|a|This study investigates the potential benefits of planning target volume (PTV) margin reduction for whole breast radiotherapy in relation to dose received by organs at risk (OARs), as well as reductions in radiation - induced secondary cancer risk. Such benefits were compared to the increased radiation - induced secondary cancer risk attributed from increased ionizing radiation imaging doses. Ten retrospective patients ' computed tomography datasets were considered. Three computerized treatment plans with varied PTV margins (0, 5 and 10 mm) were created for each patient complying with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 1005 protocol requirements. The BEIR VII lifetime attributable risk (LAR) model was used to estimate secondary cancer risk to OARs. The LAR was assessed for all treatment plans considering (a) doses from PTV margin variation and (b) doses from two (daily and weekly) kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (kV CBCT) imaging protocols during the course of treatment. We found PTV margins from largest to smallest resulted in a mean OAR relative dose reduction of 31% (heart), 28% (lung) and 23% (contralateral breast) and the risk of radiation - induced secondary cancer by a relative 23% (contralateral breast) and 22% (contralateral lung). Daily image-guidance using kV CBCT increased the risk of radiation induced secondary cancer to the contralateral breast and contralateral lung by a relative 1.6-1.9% and 1.9-2.5% respectively. Despite the additional dose from kV CBCT for the two considered imaging protocols, smaller PTV margins would still result in an overall reduction in secondary cancer risk.
28243923	0	5	Risks	T078	C0035647
28243923	10	18	benefits	T081	C0814225
28243923	22	30	reducing	T080	C0392756
28243923	31	44	target volume	T081	C0454199
28243923	45	52	margins	T023	C0229985
28243923	56	83	breast tangent radiotherapy	T061	C0948310
28243923	122	130	benefits	T081	C0814225
28243923	134	156	planning target volume	T081	C0454199
28243923	158	161	PTV	T081	C0454199
28243923	163	169	margin	T023	C0229985
28243923	170	179	reduction	T080	C0392756
28243923	190	209	breast radiotherapy	T061	C0948310
28243923	225	229	dose	T081	C0178602
28243923	230	241	received by	T080	C1709850
28243923	242	256	organs at risk	T029	C2936599
28243923	258	262	OARs	T029	C2936599
28243923	276	286	reductions	T080	C0392756
28243923	290	299	radiation	T070	C0851346
28243923	302	309	induced	T169	C0205263
28243923	310	319	secondary	T080	C0175668
28243923	320	331	cancer risk	T081	C0596244
28243923	338	346	benefits	T081	C0814225
28243923	368	377	increased	T081	C0205217
28243923	378	387	radiation	T070	C0851346
28243923	390	397	induced	T169	C0205263
28243923	398	407	secondary	T080	C0175668
28243923	408	419	cancer risk	T081	C0596244
28243923	436	445	increased	T081	C0205217
28243923	446	472	ionizing radiation imaging	T060	C1514690
28243923	473	478	doses	T081	C0178602
28243923	484	497	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28243923	498	506	patients	T101	C0030705
28243923	509	528	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28243923	529	537	datasets	T170	C0150098
28243923	561	589	computerized treatment plans	T170	C0599880
28243923	602	605	PTV	T081	C0454199
28243923	606	613	margins	T023	C0229985
28243923	653	660	patient	T101	C0030705
28243923	680	712	Radiation Therapy Oncology Group	T093	C1514695
28243923	714	718	RTOG	T093	C1514695
28243923	725	733	protocol	T170	C0442711
28243923	734	746	requirements	T169	C1514873
28243923	761	787	lifetime attributable risk	T080	C0814766
28243923	789	792	LAR	T080	C0814766
28243923	794	799	model	T170	C3161035
28243923	821	830	secondary	T080	C0175668
28243923	831	842	cancer risk	T081	C0596244
28243923	846	850	OARs	T029	C2936599
28243923	856	859	LAR	T080	C0814766
28243923	864	872	assessed	T052	C1516048
28243923	881	896	treatment plans	T170	C0599880
28243923	913	918	doses	T081	C0178602
28243923	924	927	PTV	T081	C0454199
28243923	928	934	margin	T023	C0229985
28243923	935	944	variation	T080	C0028764
28243923	953	958	doses	T081	C0178602
28243923	987	1028	kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography	T060	C3641875
28243923	1030	1037	kV CBCT	T060	C3641875
28243923	1039	1046	imaging	T060	C0011923
28243923	1047	1056	protocols	T170	C0442711
28243923	1068	1087	course of treatment	T170	C3899630
28243923	1098	1101	PTV	T081	C0454199
28243923	1102	1109	margins	T023	C0229985
28243923	1154	1157	OAR	T029	C2936599
28243923	1158	1166	relative	T080	C0205345
28243923	1167	1171	dose	T081	C0178602
28243923	1172	1181	reduction	T080	C0392756
28243923	1190	1195	heart	T023	C0018787
28243923	1203	1207	lung	T023	C0024109
28243923	1218	1231	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28243923	1232	1238	breast	T023	C0006141
28243923	1248	1252	risk	T078	C0035647
28243923	1256	1265	radiation	T070	C0851346
28243923	1268	1275	induced	T169	C0205263
28243923	1276	1285	secondary	T080	C0175668
28243923	1286	1292	cancer	T191	C0006826
28243923	1312	1325	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28243923	1326	1332	breast	T023	C0006141
28243923	1343	1356	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28243923	1357	1361	lung	T023	C0024109
28243923	1364	1369	Daily	T079	C0332173
28243923	1370	1384	image-guidance	T061	C0442972
28243923	1391	1398	kV CBCT	T060	C3641875
28243923	1399	1408	increased	T081	C0205217
28243923	1413	1417	risk	T078	C0035647
28243923	1421	1430	radiation	T070	C0851346
28243923	1431	1438	induced	T169	C0205263
28243923	1439	1448	secondary	T080	C0175668
28243923	1449	1455	cancer	T191	C0006826
28243923	1463	1476	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28243923	1477	1483	breast	T023	C0006141
28243923	1488	1501	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28243923	1502	1506	lung	T023	C0024109
28243923	1580	1584	dose	T081	C0178602
28243923	1590	1597	kV CBCT	T060	C3641875
28243923	1621	1628	imaging	T060	C0011923
28243923	1629	1638	protocols	T170	C0442711
28243923	1648	1651	PTV	T081	C0454199
28243923	1652	1659	margins	T023	C0229985
28243923	1693	1702	reduction	T080	C0392756
28243923	1706	1715	secondary	T080	C0175668
28243923	1716	1727	cancer risk	T081	C0596244

28243978|t|Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anti-urolithiatic activity of silver nanoparticles containing aqueous leaf extract of Tragia involucrata
28243978|a|The present investigation is focused on exploring the anti-urolithiatic potential of aqueous leaf extract of Tragia involucrata (TIA) and its silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and to quantify the total phenol, flavonoid, terpenoid and sterol contents present in TIA. Quantification results suggested TIA to be a rich source of phenol, flavonoid and terpenoid and less of sterol content. The AgNPs were synthesized by a simple green method using aqueous extract of T. involucrata. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed through UV spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The in vitro struvite growth inhibitory activity of the extract was performed using a single gel diffusion method. Samples incorporated with higher concentration of 2% TIA and AgNPs (200 μg mL(-1)) exhibited potent crystal growth inhibitory activity which was further supported by the dissolution of crystals in gel medium. Calcium oxalate stone formation was induced in rats by the oral administration of ethylene glycol in water. Stone formation was assessed by increase in the levels of calcium and phosphorous in the urine and accumulation of nitrogenous substances like urea, creatinine in renal tissues and blood. Prophylactic treatment with TIA and AgNPs showed significant anti-urolithiatic activity with normalization of the mineral contents of the urine and serum samples. Histopathological analysis of the kidney of TIA - and AgNP - treated animals showed no CaOx deposits and a normal architecture of the kidney cells. We conclude that aqueous extract of T. involucrata and its AgNPs has potential for the treatment of patients with recurrent stones.
28243978	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28243978	14	22	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28243978	27	34	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28243978	35	61	anti-urolithiatic activity	T169	C0205245
28243978	65	71	silver	T196	C0037125
28243978	72	85	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28243978	97	104	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28243978	105	109	leaf	T002	C0242724
28243978	110	117	extract	T167	C2828366
28243978	121	139	Tragia involucrata	T002	C3762783
28243978	152	165	investigation	T058	C0220825
28243978	194	221	anti-urolithiatic potential	T169	C0205245
28243978	225	232	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28243978	233	237	leaf	T002	C0242724
28243978	238	245	extract	T167	C2828366
28243978	249	267	Tragia involucrata	T002	C3762783
28243978	269	272	TIA	T002	C3762783
28243978	282	288	silver	T196	C0037125
28243978	289	302	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28243978	304	309	AgNPs	T073	C1450054
28243978	318	326	quantify	T081	C1709793
28243978	331	336	total	T080	C0439810
28243978	337	343	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
28243978	345	354	flavonoid	T109	C0596577
28243978	356	365	terpenoid	T109,T123	C0039561
28243978	370	376	sterol	T109	C0038323
28243978	377	385	contents	T077	C0456205
28243978	397	400	TIA	T002	C3762783
28243978	402	416	Quantification	T081	C1709793
28243978	417	424	results	T169	C1274040
28243978	435	438	TIA	T002	C3762783
28243978	447	458	rich source	T033	C0449416
28243978	462	468	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
28243978	470	479	flavonoid	T109	C0596577
28243978	484	493	terpenoid	T109,T123	C0039561
28243978	506	512	sterol	T109	C0038323
28243978	513	520	content	T077	C0456205
28243978	526	531	AgNPs	T073	C1450054
28243978	537	548	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28243978	554	573	simple green method	T057	C2350565
28243978	580	587	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28243978	588	595	extract	T167	C2828366
28243978	599	613	T. involucrata	T002	C3762783
28243978	619	628	formation	T169	C1522492
28243978	632	637	AgNPs	T073	C1450054
28243978	642	651	confirmed	T080	C0521093
28243978	660	675	UV spectroscopy	T059	C0260250
28243978	677	690	particle size	T081	C0030608
28243978	691	699	analysis	T062	C0936012
28243978	701	715	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
28243978	717	734	X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
28243978	739	771	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
28243978	777	785	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28243978	786	794	struvite	T123,T197	C0075338
28243978	795	801	growth	T067	C2911660
28243978	802	812	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28243978	813	821	activity	T169	C0205177
28243978	829	836	extract	T167	C2828366
28243978	841	850	performed	T169	C0884358
28243978	859	886	single gel diffusion method	T170	C0025663
28243978	921	934	concentration	T081	C0392762
28243978	941	944	TIA	T002	C3762783
28243978	949	954	AgNPs	T073	C1450054
28243978	981	987	potent	T080	C3245505
28243978	988	1002	crystal growth	T070	C1720757
28243978	1003	1013	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28243978	1014	1022	activity	T169	C0205177
28243978	1058	1069	dissolution	T061	C1285147
28243978	1073	1081	crystals	T122	C1378554
28243978	1085	1088	gel	T122	C0017243
28243978	1089	1095	medium	T167	C1705217
28243978	1097	1118	Calcium oxalate stone	T109	C1983367
28243978	1119	1128	formation	T169	C1522492
28243978	1133	1140	induced	T169	C0205263
28243978	1144	1148	rats	T015	C0034721
28243978	1156	1175	oral administration	T061	C0001563
28243978	1179	1194	ethylene glycol	T109,T131	C0015083
28243978	1198	1203	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28243978	1205	1210	Stone	T031	C0006736
28243978	1211	1220	formation	T169	C1522492
28243978	1225	1233	assessed	T052	C1516048
28243978	1237	1245	increase	T081	C0205217
28243978	1253	1259	levels	T080	C0441889
28243978	1263	1270	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28243978	1275	1286	phosphorous	T196	C0031705
28243978	1294	1299	urine	T031	C0042036
28243978	1304	1316	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28243978	1320	1342	nitrogenous substances	T123	C0443444
28243978	1348	1352	urea	T109,T121,T123	C0041942
28243978	1354	1364	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28243978	1368	1381	renal tissues	T024	C1514845
28243978	1386	1391	blood	T031	C0005767
28243978	1393	1415	Prophylactic treatment	T061	C0199176
28243978	1421	1424	TIA	T002	C3762783
28243978	1429	1434	AgNPs	T073	C1450054
28243978	1442	1453	significant	T078	C0750502
28243978	1454	1480	anti-urolithiatic activity	T169	C0205245
28243978	1486	1499	normalization	T062	C1882115
28243978	1507	1514	mineral	T197	C0026162
28243978	1515	1523	contents	T077	C0456205
28243978	1531	1536	urine	T031	C0042036
28243978	1541	1554	serum samples	T031	C1550100
28243978	1556	1573	Histopathological	T169	C0243140
28243978	1574	1582	analysis	T062	C0936012
28243978	1590	1596	kidney	T023	C0022646
28243978	1600	1603	TIA	T002	C3762783
28243978	1610	1614	AgNP	T073	C1450054
28243978	1617	1624	treated	T169	C1522326
28243978	1625	1632	animals	T008	C0003062
28243978	1643	1656	CaOx deposits	T201	C1508136
28243978	1663	1669	normal	T080	C0205307
28243978	1670	1682	architecture	T080	C0205556
28243978	1690	1702	kidney cells	T025	C0553257
28243978	1721	1728	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28243978	1729	1736	extract	T167	C2828366
28243978	1740	1754	T. involucrata	T002	C3762783
28243978	1763	1768	AgNPs	T073	C1450054
28243978	1773	1782	potential	T080	C3245505
28243978	1791	1800	treatment	T169	C0039798
28243978	1804	1812	patients	T101	C0030705
28243978	1818	1827	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28243978	1828	1834	stones	T031	C0006736

28244050|t|Identification and Quantification of Human Brown Adipose Tissue
28244050|a|Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has attracted significant interest as a potential target tissue against obesity and its associated metabolic perturbations. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of some of the methodological approaches that can be used to identify and quantify BAT in people. Specifically, we will provide a step-by-step description of the following procedures: quantification of BAT in vivo using positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoroglucose ((18)F-FDG) as a tracer, mitochondrial respiration, and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene and protein expression.
28244050	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
28244050	19	33	Quantification	T081	C1709793
28244050	37	42	Human	T016	C0086418
28244050	43	63	Brown Adipose Tissue	T024	C0006298
28244050	64	84	Brown adipose tissue	T024	C0006298
28244050	86	89	BAT	T024	C0006298
28244050	117	125	interest	T041	C0543488
28244050	141	147	target	T169	C1521840
28244050	148	154	tissue	T024	C0040300
28244050	163	170	obesity	T047	C0028754
28244050	190	199	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28244050	200	213	perturbations	T080	C2699787
28244050	284	309	methodological approaches	T057	C0025662
28244050	330	338	identify	T080	C0205396
28244050	343	351	quantify	T081	C1709793
28244050	352	355	BAT	T024	C0006298
28244050	359	365	people	T098	C0027361
28244050	399	411	step-by-step	T080	C0439833
28244050	412	423	description	T170	C0678257
28244050	453	467	quantification	T081	C1709793
28244050	471	474	BAT	T024	C0006298
28244050	475	482	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28244050	489	537	positron emission tomography-computed tomography	T060	C1699633
28244050	539	545	PET/CT	T060	C1699633
28244050	552	582	2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoroglucose	T109,T130	C0046056
28244050	584	593	(18)F-FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
28244050	600	606	tracer	T130	C1522485
28244050	608	621	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28244050	622	633	respiration	T043	C0282636
28244050	639	671	uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene	T028	C1421313
28244050	676	694	protein expression	T045	C1171362

28244578|t|Water safety in healthcare facilities. The Vieste Charter
28244578|a|The Study Group on Hospital Hygiene of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health (GISIO-SItI) and the Local Health Authority of Foggia, Apulia, Italy, after the National Convention "Safe water in healthcare facilities " held in Vieste-Pugnochiuso on 27-28 May 2016, present the " Vieste Charter ", drawn up in collaboration with experts from the National Institute of Health and the Ministry of Health. This paper considers the risk factors that may affect the water safety in healthcare facilities and reports the current regulatory frameworks governing the management of installations and the quality of the water. The Authors promote a careful analysis of the risks that characterize the health facilities, for the control of which specific actions are recommended in various areas, including water safety plans; approval of treatments; healthcare facilities responsibility, installation and maintenance of facilities; multidisciplinary approach; education and research; regional and national coordination; communication.
28244578	0	5	Water	T121,T197	C0043047
28244578	6	12	safety	T068	C0036043
28244578	16	37	healthcare facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
28244578	43	57	Vieste Charter	T170	C0282574
28244578	62	73	Study Group	T097	C0035173
28244578	77	85	Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28244578	86	93	Hygiene	T091	C0020405
28244578	101	166	Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health	T093	C1274109
28244578	168	178	GISIO-SItI	T093	C1274109
28244578	188	210	Local Health Authority	T093	C1274109
28244578	214	220	Foggia	T083	C0017446
28244578	222	228	Apulia	T083	C0017446
28244578	230	235	Italy	T083	C0022277
28244578	247	266	National Convention	T068	C0086047
28244578	273	278	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28244578	282	303	healthcare facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
28244578	314	332	Vieste-Pugnochiuso	T083	C0017446
28244578	366	380	Vieste Charter	T170	C0282574
28244578	396	409	collaboration	T054	C0282116
28244578	415	422	experts	T097	C0009817
28244578	432	460	National Institute of Health	T093	C0920537
28244578	465	487	the Ministry of Health	UnknownType	C0683710
28244578	514	526	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28244578	536	542	affect	T058	C2237113
28244578	547	552	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28244578	553	559	safety	T068	C0036043
28244578	563	584	healthcare facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
28244578	609	630	regulatory frameworks	T170	C0282574
28244578	645	672	management of installations	T058	C1254363
28244578	681	688	quality	T080	C0332306
28244578	696	701	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28244578	749	754	risks	T078	C0035647
28244578	777	794	health facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
28244578	882	900	water safety plans	T089	C0871600
28244578	914	924	treatments	T169	C1522326
28244578	926	947	healthcare facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
28244578	948	962	responsibility	T055	C0678341
28244578	981	992	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28244578	996	1006	facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
28244578	1008	1034	multidisciplinary approach	T082	C0449445
28244578	1036	1045	education	T065	C0013621
28244578	1050	1058	research	T062	C0035168
28244578	1060	1094	regional and national coordination	T169	C0700114
28244578	1096	1109	communication	T054	C0009452

28244595|t|Long-term cardiovascular mortality after radiotherapy for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
28244595|a|Radiotherapy (RT) is frequently associated with late cardiovascular (CV) complications. The mean cardiac dose from irradiation of a left-sided breast cancer is much higher than that for a right-sided breast cancer. However, data is limited on the long-term risks of RT on CV mortality. RT for breast cancer is associated with long term CV mortality and left sided RT carries a greater mortality than right sided RT. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases from inception through December 2015. Studies reporting CV mortality with RT for left- vs right-sided breast cancers were included. The principal outcome of interest was CV mortality. We calculated summary risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) with the random-effects model. The analysis included 289 109 patients from 13 observational studies. Women who had received RT for left-sided breast cancer had a higher risk of CV death than those who received RT for a right-sided breast cancer (RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.07-1.18, P < 0.001; number needed to harm: 353). Difference in CV mortality between left- vs right-sided breast RT was more apparent after 15 years of follow-up (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.08-1.41, P < 0.001; number needed to harm: 95). CV mortality from left-sided RT was significantly higher compared with right-sided RT for breast cancer and was more apparent after ≥15 years of follow-up.
28244595	0	9	Long-term	T079	C0443252
28244595	10	34	cardiovascular mortality	T081	C0205848
28244595	41	53	radiotherapy	T061	C0085203
28244595	58	71	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28244595	75	92	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28244595	97	110	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28244595	111	123	Radiotherapy	T061	C0085203
28244595	125	127	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	143	158	associated with	T080	C0332281
28244595	159	163	late	T079	C0205087
28244595	164	197	cardiovascular (CV) complications	T046	C0161816
28244595	203	220	mean cardiac dose	T081	C4019308
28244595	226	237	irradiation	T070	C1282930
28244595	243	267	left-sided breast cancer	T191	C4042788
28244595	299	324	right-sided breast cancer	T191	C4042789
28244595	335	339	data	T078	C1511726
28244595	358	367	long-term	T079	C0443252
28244595	368	373	risks	T078	C0035647
28244595	377	379	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	383	395	CV mortality	T081	C0205848
28244595	397	399	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	404	417	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28244595	421	436	associated with	T080	C0332281
28244595	437	446	long term	T079	C0443252
28244595	447	459	CV mortality	T081	C0205848
28244595	464	474	left sided	T082	C0443246
28244595	475	477	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	496	505	mortality	T081	C0205848
28244595	511	522	right sided	T082	C0444532
28244595	523	525	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	539	545	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28244595	547	563	Cochrane Central	T170	C0242356
28244595	565	571	Embase	T170	C0242356
28244595	573	578	EBSCO	T170	C0242356
28244595	580	594	Web of Science	T170	C0242356
28244595	600	616	CINAHL databases	T170	C0242356
28244595	663	672	reporting	T058	C0700287
28244595	673	685	CV mortality	T081	C0205848
28244595	691	693	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	698	703	left-	T191	C4042788
28244595	707	733	right-sided breast cancers	T191	C4042789
28244595	753	762	principal	T080	C0205225
28244595	763	770	outcome	T033	C0683954
28244595	787	799	CV mortality	T081	C0205848
28244595	804	814	calculated	T052	C1441506
28244595	823	833	risk ratio	T081	C0028873
28244595	835	837	RR	T081	C0028873
28244595	847	867	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28244595	869	871	CI	T081	C0009667
28244595	882	902	random-effects model	T075	C0026336
28244595	908	916	analysis	T062	C0936012
28244595	934	942	patients	T101	C0030705
28244595	951	972	observational studies	T062	C1518527
28244595	974	979	Women	T098	C0043210
28244595	988	996	received	T080	C1514756
28244595	997	999	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	1004	1028	left-sided breast cancer	T191	C4042788
28244595	1035	1046	higher risk	T033	C3843761
28244595	1050	1058	CV death	T081	C0205848
28244595	1074	1082	received	T080	C1514756
28244595	1083	1085	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	1092	1117	right-sided breast cancer	T191	C4042789
28244595	1119	1121	RR	T081	C0028873
28244595	1133	1135	CI	T081	C0009667
28244595	1159	1180	number needed to harm	T081	C0392762
28244595	1188	1198	Difference	T081	C1705241
28244595	1202	1214	CV mortality	T081	C0205848
28244595	1223	1228	left-	T082	C0443246
28244595	1232	1243	right-sided	T082	C0444532
28244595	1244	1250	breast	T023	C0006141
28244595	1251	1253	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	1263	1271	apparent	T078	C0750489
28244595	1281	1286	years	T079	C0439234
28244595	1290	1299	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28244595	1301	1303	RR	T081	C0028873
28244595	1315	1317	CI	T081	C0009667
28244595	1341	1362	number needed to harm	T081	C0392762
28244595	1369	1381	CV mortality	T081	C0205848
28244595	1387	1397	left-sided	T082	C0443246
28244595	1398	1400	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	1440	1451	right-sided	T082	C0444532
28244595	1452	1454	RT	T061	C0085203
28244595	1459	1472	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28244595	1486	1494	apparent	T078	C0750489
28244595	1505	1510	years	T079	C0439234
28244595	1514	1523	follow-up	T058	C1522577

28244917|t|In Vivo Three-Dimensional Patellar Mechanics: Normal Knees Compared with Domed and Anatomic Patellar Components
28244917|a|Patellofemoral complications are a major cause of revision surgery following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). High forces occurring at the patellofemoral articulation coupled with a small patellofemoral contact area pose substantial design challenges. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) in vivo mechanics of domed and anatomically shaped patellar components were compared with those of native patellae. Ten normal knees, 10 treated with an LCS-PS (low contact stress-posterior stabilized) TKA (anatomically shaped patellar component), and 10 treated with a PFC Sigma RP-PS (press-fit condylar Sigma rotating platform-posterior stabilized) TKA (domed patellar component) were analyzed under fluoroscopic surveillance while the patient performed a weight-bearing deep knee bend from full knee extension to maximum knee flexion. Relevant bone geometries were segmented out from computed tomography (CT) scans, and computer-assisted-design (CAD) models of the implanted components were obtained from the manufacturer. Three-dimensional patellofemoral kinematics were obtained using a 3D -to- 2D registration process. Contact mechanics were calculated using a distance map between the articulating patellar and femoral surfaces. Both patellar component designs exhibited good rotational kinematics and tracked well within the femoral trochlea when compared with the normal patella. The contact areas in the TKA groups peaked at 60° of knee flexion (mean and standard deviation, 201 ± 63.4 mm for the LCS-PS group and 218 ± 95.4 mm for the Sigma RP-PS group), and the areas were substantially smaller than those previously reported for the normal patella. Contact points in the TKA groups stayed close to the center of the patellar components. Both designs performed satisfactorily, although patellofemoral contact areas were reduced in comparison with those in the native patella. Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
28244917	0	7	In Vivo	T082	C1515655
28244917	8	25	Three-Dimensional	T082	C0450363
28244917	26	34	Patellar	T023	C0030647
28244917	35	44	Mechanics	T070	C0376706
28244917	46	52	Normal	T080	C0205307
28244917	53	58	Knees	T023	C0022742
28244917	59	67	Compared	T052	C1707455
28244917	73	78	Domed	T082	C0444914
28244917	83	91	Anatomic	T080	C0220784
28244917	92	100	Patellar	T023	C0030647
28244917	101	111	Components	T073	C1708963
28244917	112	126	Patellofemoral	T030	C0447801
28244917	127	140	complications	T169	C1171258
28244917	162	178	revision surgery	T061	C0035110
28244917	179	188	following	T079	C0332282
28244917	189	212	total knee arthroplasty	T061	C0086511
28244917	214	217	TKA	T061	C0086511
28244917	220	224	High	T080	C0205250
28244917	225	231	forces	T067	C0441722
28244917	249	276	patellofemoral articulation	T030	C0447801
28244917	277	284	coupled	T169	C1948027
28244917	292	297	small	T081	C0700321
28244917	298	312	patellofemoral	T030	C0447801
28244917	313	325	contact area	T082	C0205146
28244917	343	349	design	T052	C1707689
28244917	370	375	study	T062	C2603343
28244917	381	398	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28244917	400	402	3D	T082	C0450363
28244917	404	411	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28244917	412	421	mechanics	T070	C0376706
28244917	425	430	domed	T082	C0444914
28244917	435	447	anatomically	T080	C0220784
28244917	448	454	shaped	T082	C0332479
28244917	455	463	patellar	T023	C0030647
28244917	464	474	components	T073	C1708963
28244917	480	488	compared	T052	C1707455
28244917	503	509	native	T169	C0302891
28244917	510	518	patellae	T023	C0030647
28244917	524	530	normal	T080	C0205307
28244917	531	536	knees	T023	C0022742
28244917	541	553	treated with	T061	C0332293
28244917	557	609	LCS-PS (low contact stress-posterior stabilized) TKA	T061	C0086511
28244917	611	623	anatomically	T080	C0220784
28244917	624	630	shaped	T082	C0332479
28244917	631	639	patellar	T023	C0030647
28244917	640	649	component	T073	C1708963
28244917	659	671	treated with	T061	C0332293
28244917	674	759	PFC Sigma RP-PS (press-fit condylar Sigma rotating platform-posterior stabilized) TKA	T061	C0086511
28244917	761	766	domed	T082	C0444914
28244917	767	775	patellar	T023	C0030647
28244917	776	785	component	T073	C1708963
28244917	792	800	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28244917	807	819	fluoroscopic	T060	C0016356
28244917	820	832	surveillance	T169	C0220920
28244917	843	850	patient	T101	C0030705
28244917	851	860	performed	T169	C0884358
28244917	863	877	weight-bearing	T033	C0085086
28244917	878	882	deep	T082	C0205125
28244917	883	892	knee bend	T033	C0243095
28244917	898	902	full	T080	C0443225
28244917	903	917	knee extension	T033	C2237139
28244917	921	928	maximum	T081	C0806909
28244917	929	941	knee flexion	T033	C0240114
28244917	973	982	segmented	T082	C0441635
28244917	992	1011	computed tomography	T060	C0412645
28244917	1013	1015	CT	T060	C0412645
28244917	1017	1022	scans	T060	C0441633
28244917	1028	1052	computer-assisted-design	T066	C0162517
28244917	1054	1057	CAD	T066	C0162517
28244917	1059	1065	models	T170	C3161035
28244917	1073	1082	implanted	T074	C0021102
28244917	1083	1093	components	T073	C1708963
28244917	1131	1148	Three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28244917	1149	1163	patellofemoral	T030	C0447801
28244917	1164	1174	kinematics	T091	C0600169
28244917	1197	1199	3D	T082	C0450363
28244917	1205	1207	2D	T082	C1705052
28244917	1230	1247	Contact mechanics	T070	C0376706
28244917	1253	1263	calculated	T052	C1441506
28244917	1272	1284	distance map	T073	C0024779
28244917	1297	1318	articulating patellar	T023	C0030647
28244917	1323	1339	femoral surfaces	T029	C0828554
28244917	1346	1354	patellar	T023	C0030647
28244917	1355	1364	component	T073	C1708963
28244917	1383	1387	good	T080	C0205170
28244917	1388	1409	rotational kinematics	T091	C0600169
28244917	1438	1454	femoral trochlea	T023	C0223886
28244917	1460	1468	compared	T052	C1707455
28244917	1478	1484	normal	T080	C0205307
28244917	1485	1492	patella	T023	C0030647
28244917	1498	1511	contact areas	T082	C0205146
28244917	1519	1522	TKA	T061	C0086511
28244917	1523	1529	groups	T078	C0441833
28244917	1547	1559	knee flexion	T033	C0240114
28244917	1561	1565	mean	T081	C0444504
28244917	1570	1588	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28244917	1612	1624	LCS-PS group	T078	C0441833
28244917	1651	1668	Sigma RP-PS group	T078	C0441833
28244917	1679	1684	areas	T082	C0205146
28244917	1704	1711	smaller	T080	C0547044
28244917	1734	1742	reported	T170	C0684224
28244917	1751	1757	normal	T080	C0205307
28244917	1758	1765	patella	T023	C0030647
28244917	1767	1781	Contact points	T082	C3714763
28244917	1789	1792	TKA	T061	C0086511
28244917	1793	1799	groups	T078	C0441833
28244917	1820	1826	center	T082	C0205099
28244917	1834	1842	patellar	T023	C0030647
28244917	1843	1853	components	T073	C1708963
28244917	1860	1867	designs	T052	C1707689
28244917	1868	1877	performed	T169	C0884358
28244917	1878	1892	satisfactorily	T080	C0205410
28244917	1903	1917	patellofemoral	T030	C0447801
28244917	1918	1931	contact areas	T082	C0205146
28244917	1937	1944	reduced	T080	C0392756
28244917	1948	1958	comparison	T052	C1707455
28244917	1977	1983	native	T169	C0302891
28244917	1984	1991	patella	T023	C0030647

28244945|t|The Associated Factors and Clinical Features of Neuropathic Pain after Brachial Plexus Injuries: A Cross-sectional Study
28244945|a|Neuropathic pain in patients with brachial plexus injuries brings complicated obstacles to the treatment and recovery for both surgeons and patients. The clinical features of neuropathic pain, including pain intensity, type and time phase, need to be investigated. Moreover, possible associated factors need to be explored. A cross-sectional study containing 77 participants was conducted. Their baseline information and injury-related conditions were collected. The Present Pain Index evaluated by the visual analogue scale, self-reports using the specific pain questionnaires were used for screening and estimating the patients' pain. T-test, Chi-square test, Logistic Regression and correlation coefficient were used when conducting the statistical analyses. The occurrence rate of neuropathic pain in our study was 54.5%. Paraesthesia / dysaesthesia had the highest average score in our population. Among potential associated factors, smoking (P=0.001), regular alcohol drinking (P=0.001), total brachial plexus injuries (P=0.01) and avulsions (P=0.019) were related to the development of neuropathic pain. Patients with neuropathic pain experienced significantly poorer function of the upper limbs measured by the Disabilities of Arm, Hand and Shoulder questionnaire (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the function of the upper limbs and pain intensity (r=0.60, P<0.001). Though the pain type and time phase manifested differently across patients, paraesthesia / dysaesthesia occurred most commonly in our study. Patients were more likely to develop neuropathic pain if they had total brachial plexus injuries, avulsion and bad life habits. Moreover, the function of the upper limbs was affected by pain.
28244945	48	64	Neuropathic Pain	T033	C3714625
28244945	71	95	Brachial Plexus Injuries	T037	C0161446
28244945	99	120	Cross-sectional Study	T062	C0010362
28244945	121	137	Neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
28244945	141	149	patients	T101	C0030705
28244945	155	179	brachial plexus injuries	T037	C0161446
28244945	187	238	complicated obstacles to the treatment and recovery	T037	C0544689
28244945	248	256	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28244945	261	269	patients	T101	C0030705
28244945	296	312	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
28244945	324	338	pain intensity	T201	C1320357
28244945	340	344	type	T080	C0332307
28244945	349	359	time phase	T082	C1254362
28244945	447	468	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28244945	483	495	participants	T098	C0679646
28244945	517	525	baseline	T081	C1442488
28244945	526	537	information	T078	C1533716
28244945	542	567	injury-related conditions	T046	C0243082
28244945	596	606	Pain Index	T081,T170	C0018761
28244945	624	645	visual analogue scale	T060	C0042815
28244945	647	659	self-reports	T062	C2700446
28244945	670	698	specific pain questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28244945	713	722	screening	T058	C0220908
28244945	727	756	estimating the patients' pain	T060	C0030198
28244945	758	764	T-test	T170	C0871472
28244945	766	781	Chi-square test	T170	C0008041
28244945	783	802	Logistic Regression	UnknownType	C0681925
28244945	807	830	correlation coefficient	T081	C0392762
28244945	861	881	statistical analyses	T062	C0871424
28244945	906	922	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
28244945	947	959	Paraesthesia	T047	C0030554
28244945	962	974	dysaesthesia	T184	C0392699
28244945	1012	1022	population	T098	C1257890
28244945	1060	1067	smoking	T055	C0037369
28244945	1079	1103	regular alcohol drinking	UnknownType	C0678290
28244945	1121	1145	brachial plexus injuries	T037	C0161446
28244945	1159	1168	avulsions	T061	C0185044
28244945	1214	1230	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
28244945	1232	1240	Patients	T101	C0030705
28244945	1246	1262	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
28244945	1289	1304	poorer function	T033	C0243095
28244945	1312	1323	upper limbs	T023	C1140618
28244945	1340	1392	Disabilities of Arm, Hand and Shoulder questionnaire	T170	C2919270
28244945	1427	1447	positive correlation	T080	C1707520
28244945	1460	1487	function of the upper limbs	T170	C0451324
28244945	1492	1506	pain intensity	T201	C1320357
28244945	1537	1546	pain type	T184	C0030193
28244945	1551	1561	time phase	T082	C1254362
28244945	1562	1572	manifested	T169	C0205319
28244945	1592	1600	patients	T101	C0030705
28244945	1602	1614	paraesthesia	T047	C0030554
28244945	1617	1629	dysaesthesia	T184	C0392699
28244945	1667	1675	Patients	T101	C0030705
28244945	1704	1720	neuropathic pain	T033	C3714625
28244945	1739	1763	brachial plexus injuries	T037	C0161446
28244945	1765	1773	avulsion	T061	C0185044
28244945	1778	1793	bad life habits	UnknownType	C0337663
28244945	1809	1836	function of the upper limbs	T170	C0451324
28244945	1853	1857	pain	T184	C0030193

28244948|t|Safety of Large - Volume, Same - Day Oral Bowel Preparations During Deep Sedation: A Prospective Observational Study
28244948|a|Colonoscopy quality is directly related to the bowel preparation. It is well established that bowel preparations are improved when at least part of the laxative is ingested on the day of the procedure. However, there is concern that this can result in higher gastric residual volumes (GRV) and increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration. The aim of this study is to evaluate GRV and gastric pH in patients who received day - before bowel preparation versus those ingesting their laxative on the day of colonoscopy under anesthesiologist - directed propofol deep sedation. This is a prospective observational study for patients undergoing same - day upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. All included patients had large - volume polyethylene glycol lavage preparation and received propofol sedation. Gastric fluid was collected during the upper endoscopy for volume and pH measurement. The study included 428 patients with 56% receiving same - day laxative preparation and the remainder evening - before preparation. Mean ± SD GRV was 18.1 ± 10.2 mL, 16.3 ± 16.5 mL in each of these preparation groups, respectively (P = .69). GRV ≥ 25 mL or higher than expected GRV adjusted by weight (0.4 mL/kg) were also not different among the study groups (P = .90 and P = .87, respectively). Evaluating GRV based on time since last ingestion of preparation (3-5, 5-7, >7 hours) did not result in any differences (P = .56). Gastric pH was also similar between the bowel preparation groups (P = .23), with mean ± SD of 2.5 ± 1.4 for evening - before and 2.5 ± 1.3 for the same - day preparation. There were more inadequate bowel preparations in day before bowel preparations (P = .001). A large - volume bowel preparation regimen finished on the day of colonoscopy as close as 3 hours before the procedure result s in no increase in GRV or decrease in gastric pH.
28244948	10	15	Large	T081	C0549177
28244948	18	24	Volume	T081	C0449468
28244948	26	30	Same	T080	C0445247
28244948	33	36	Day	T079	C0439228
28244948	37	41	Oral	T061	C0001563
28244948	42	60	Bowel Preparations	T061	C0455052
28244948	68	81	Deep Sedation	T061	C1956064
28244948	85	116	Prospective Observational Study	T062	C1518527
28244948	117	128	Colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28244948	129	136	quality	T080	C0332306
28244948	140	148	directly	T080	C1947931
28244948	164	181	bowel preparation	T061	C0455052
28244948	194	205	established	T080	C0443211
28244948	211	229	bowel preparations	T061	C0455052
28244948	234	242	improved	T033	C0184511
28244948	257	261	part	T082	C0449719
28244948	269	277	laxative	T121	C0282090
28244948	281	289	ingested	T038	C0232478
28244948	297	300	day	T079	C0439228
28244948	308	317	procedure	T169	C2700391
28244948	337	344	concern	T078	C2699424
28244948	359	365	result	T169	C1274040
28244948	369	400	higher gastric residual volumes	T033	C4062652
28244948	402	405	GRV	T201	C0035190
28244948	411	431	increase the risk of	T033	C0332167
28244948	432	452	pulmonary aspiration	T046	C0700198
28244948	458	461	aim	T078	C1947946
28244948	470	475	study	T062	C2603343
28244948	482	490	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28244948	491	494	GRV	T201	C0035190
28244948	499	509	gastric pH	T081	C1994447
28244948	513	521	patients	T101	C0030705
28244948	526	534	received	T080	C1514756
28244948	535	538	day	T079	C0439228
28244948	541	547	before	T079	C0332152
28244948	548	565	bowel preparation	T061	C0455052
28244948	579	588	ingesting	T038	C0232478
28244948	595	603	laxative	T121	C0282090
28244948	611	614	day	T079	C0439228
28244948	618	629	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28244948	636	652	anesthesiologist	T097	C0334910
28244948	655	663	directed	T080	C1879741
28244948	664	672	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
28244948	673	686	deep sedation	T061	C1956064
28244948	698	729	prospective observational study	T062	C1518527
28244948	734	742	patients	T101	C0030705
28244948	754	758	same	T080	C0445247
28244948	761	764	day	T079	C0439228
28244948	765	770	upper	T082	C1282910
28244948	771	780	endoscopy	T060	C0014245
28244948	785	796	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28244948	802	810	included	T169	C0332257
28244948	811	819	patients	T101	C0030705
28244948	824	829	large	T081	C0549177
28244948	832	838	volume	T081	C0449468
28244948	839	858	polyethylene glycol	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
28244948	859	877	lavage preparation	T061	C0017134
28244948	882	890	received	T080	C1514756
28244948	891	899	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
28244948	900	908	sedation	T061	C0344106
28244948	910	923	Gastric fluid	T031	C2828094
28244948	928	937	collected	T078	C1516695
28244948	949	954	upper	T082	C1282910
28244948	955	964	endoscopy	T060	C0014245
28244948	969	975	volume	T081	C0449468
28244948	980	994	pH measurement	T034	C1304686
28244948	1000	1005	study	T062	C2603343
28244948	1006	1014	included	T169	C0332257
28244948	1019	1027	patients	T101	C0030705
28244948	1037	1046	receiving	T080	C1514756
28244948	1047	1051	same	T080	C0445247
28244948	1054	1057	day	T079	C0439228
28244948	1058	1066	laxative	T121	C0282090
28244948	1067	1078	preparation	T061	C0455052
28244948	1097	1104	evening	T079	C0587117
28244948	1107	1113	before	T079	C0332152
28244948	1114	1125	preparation	T061	C0455052
28244948	1127	1131	Mean	T081	C0444504
28244948	1132	1136	± SD	T081	C0871420
28244948	1137	1140	GRV	T201	C0035190
28244948	1193	1204	preparation	T061	C0455052
28244948	1205	1211	groups	T098	C1257890
28244948	1237	1240	GRV	T201	C0035190
28244948	1252	1258	higher	T080	C0205250
28244948	1264	1272	expected	T170	C1517001
28244948	1273	1276	GRV	T201	C0035190
28244948	1277	1285	adjusted	T169	C0456081
28244948	1289	1295	weight	T032	C0005910
28244948	1318	1331	not different	T033	C3842396
28244948	1342	1354	study groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28244948	1392	1402	Evaluating	T058	C1261322
28244948	1403	1406	GRV	T201	C0035190
28244948	1407	1412	based	T169	C1527178
28244948	1416	1420	time	T079	C0040223
28244948	1432	1441	ingestion	T038	C0232478
28244948	1445	1456	preparation	T061	C0455052
28244948	1486	1492	result	T169	C1274040
28244948	1500	1511	differences	T081	C1705241
28244948	1523	1533	Gastric pH	T081	C1994447
28244948	1543	1550	similar	T080	C2348205
28244948	1563	1580	bowel preparation	T061	C0455052
28244948	1581	1587	groups	T098	C1257890
28244948	1604	1608	mean	T081	C0444504
28244948	1609	1613	± SD	T081	C0871420
28244948	1631	1638	evening	T079	C0587117
28244948	1641	1647	before	T079	C0332152
28244948	1670	1674	same	T080	C0445247
28244948	1677	1680	day	T079	C0439228
28244948	1681	1692	preparation	T061	C0455052
28244948	1710	1720	inadequate	T080	C0205412
28244948	1721	1739	bowel preparations	T061	C0455052
28244948	1743	1746	day	T079	C0439228
28244948	1747	1753	before	T079	C0332152
28244948	1754	1772	bowel preparations	T061	C0455052
28244948	1787	1792	large	T081	C0549177
28244948	1795	1801	volume	T081	C0449468
28244948	1802	1819	bowel preparation	T061	C0455052
28244948	1820	1827	regimen	T061	C0040808
28244948	1844	1847	day	T079	C0439228
28244948	1851	1862	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28244948	1883	1889	before	T079	C0332152
28244948	1894	1903	procedure	T169	C2700391
28244948	1904	1910	result	T169	C1274040
28244948	1919	1927	increase	T169	C0442805
28244948	1931	1934	GRV	T201	C0035190
28244948	1938	1960	decrease in gastric pH	T033	C1168034

28245088|t|Contraceptive Failure in the United States: Estimates from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth
28245088|a|Contraceptive failure rates measure a woman's probability of becoming pregnant while using a contraceptive. Information about these rates enables couples to make informed contraceptive choices. Failure rates were last estimated for 2002, and social and economic changes that have occurred since then necessitate a reestimation. To estimate failure rates for the most commonly used reversible methods in the United States, data from the 2006-2010 National Survey of Family Growth were used; some 15,728 contraceptive use intervals, contributed by 6,683 women, were analyzed. Data from the Guttmacher Institute's 2008 Abortion Patient Survey were used to adjust for abortion underreporting. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to estimate the associated single-decrement probability of failure by duration of use. Failure rates were compared with those from 1995 and 2002. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (the IUD and the implant) had the lowest failure rates of all methods (1%), while condoms and withdrawal carried the highest probabilities of failure (13% and 20%, respectively). However, the failure rate for the condom had declined significantly since 1995 (from 18%), as had the failure rate for all hormonal methods combined (from 8% to 6%). The failure rate for all reversible methods combined declined from 12% in 2002 to 10% in 2006-2010. These broad-based declines in failure rates reverse a long-term pattern of minimal change. Future research should explore what lies behind these trends, as well as possibilities for further improvements.
28245088	0	13	Contraceptive	T121	C0009871
28245088	14	21	Failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	29	42	United States	T083	C0041703
28245088	44	53	Estimates	T081	C0750572
28245088	73	105	National Survey of Family Growth	T062	C0681817
28245088	106	119	Contraceptive	T121	C0009871
28245088	120	127	failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	128	133	rates	T081	C1521828
28245088	134	141	measure	T081	C0079809
28245088	144	151	woman's	T098	C0043210
28245088	152	163	probability	T081	C0033204
28245088	176	184	pregnant	T040	C0032961
28245088	199	212	contraceptive	T121	C0009871
28245088	238	243	rates	T081	C1521828
28245088	252	259	couples	T099	C0010222
28245088	277	290	contraceptive	T121	C0009871
28245088	291	298	choices	T052	C1707391
28245088	300	307	Failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	308	313	rates	T081	C1521828
28245088	324	333	estimated	T081	C0750572
28245088	420	432	reestimation	T081	C0750572
28245088	437	445	estimate	T081	C0750572
28245088	446	453	failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	454	459	rates	T081	C1521828
28245088	487	497	reversible	T169	C0205343
28245088	498	505	methods	T170	C0025663
28245088	513	526	United States	T083	C0041703
28245088	528	532	data	T078	C1511726
28245088	552	584	National Survey of Family Growth	T062	C0681817
28245088	608	625	contraceptive use	T061	C1999124
28245088	626	635	intervals	T079	C1272706
28245088	658	663	women	T098	C0043210
28245088	670	678	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28245088	680	684	Data	T078	C1511726
28245088	694	716	Guttmacher Institute's	T092	C0021622
28245088	722	745	Abortion Patient Survey	T062,T170	C0000798
28245088	795	815	Kaplan-Meier methods	T081	C1720943
28245088	829	837	estimate	T081	C0750572
28245088	842	852	associated	T080	C0439849
28245088	853	881	single-decrement probability	T081	C0033204
28245088	885	892	failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	896	911	duration of use	T079	C2826775
28245088	913	920	Failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	921	926	rates	T081	C1521828
28245088	932	940	compared	T052	C1707455
28245088	984	994	reversible	T169	C0205343
28245088	995	1009	contraceptives	T121	C0009871
28245088	1015	1018	IUD	T074	C0021900
28245088	1027	1034	implant	T074	C0021102
28245088	1044	1050	lowest	T080	C1708760
28245088	1051	1058	failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	1059	1064	rates	T081	C1521828
28245088	1072	1079	methods	T170	C0025663
28245088	1092	1099	condoms	T074	C0677582
28245088	1104	1114	withdrawal	T061	C3812880
28245088	1135	1148	probabilities	T081	C0033204
28245088	1152	1159	failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	1202	1209	failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	1210	1214	rate	T081	C1521828
28245088	1223	1229	condom	T074	C0677582
28245088	1234	1242	declined	T080	C1511741
28245088	1243	1256	significantly	T078	C0750502
28245088	1291	1298	failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	1299	1303	rate	T081	C1521828
28245088	1312	1328	hormonal methods	T061	C0279025
28245088	1359	1366	failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	1367	1371	rate	T081	C1521828
28245088	1380	1390	reversible	T169	C0205343
28245088	1391	1398	methods	T169	C0449851
28245088	1408	1416	declined	T080	C1511741
28245088	1461	1481	broad-based declines	T080	C1511741
28245088	1485	1492	failure	T067	C1881681
28245088	1493	1498	rates	T081	C1521828
28245088	1499	1506	reverse	T169	C1555029
28245088	1509	1518	long-term	T079	C0443252
28245088	1553	1561	research	T062	C0035168
28245088	1645	1657	improvements	T077	C2986411

28245184|t|An approach for estimating measurement uncertainty in medical laboratories using data from long-term quality control and external quality assessment schemes
28245184|a|The present study was prompted by the ISO 15189 requirements that medical laboratories should estimate measurement uncertainty (MU). The method used to estimate MU included the: a) identification of quantitative tests, b) classification of tests in relation to their clinical purpose, and c) identification of criteria to estimate the different MU components. Imprecision was estimated using long-term internal quality control (IQC) results of the year 2016, while external quality assessment schemes (EQAs) results obtained in the period 2015-2016 were used to estimate bias and bias uncertainty. A total of 263 measurement procedures (MPs) were analyzed. On the basis of test purpose, in 51 MPs imprecision only was used to estimate MU; in the remaining MPs, the bias component was not estimable for 22 MPs because EQAs results did not provide reliable statistics. For a total of 28 MPs, two or more MU values were calculated on the basis of analyte concentration levels. Overall, results showed that uncertainty of bias is a minor factor contributing to MU, the bias component being the most relevant contributor to all the studied sample matrices. The model chosen for MU estimation allowed us to derive a standardized approach for bias calculation, with respect to the fitness-for-purpose of test results. Measurement uncertainty estimation could readily be implemented in medical laboratories as a useful tool in monitoring the analytical quality of test results since they are calculated using a combination of both the long-term imprecision IQC results and bias, on the basis of EQAs results.
28245184	3	11	approach	T170	C0025663
28245184	16	26	estimating	T081	C0750572
28245184	27	50	measurement uncertainty	T081	C1299354
28245184	54	74	medical laboratories	T073,T093	C3242770
28245184	81	85	data	T078	C1511726
28245184	91	100	long-term	T079	C0443252
28245184	101	116	quality control	T169	C0034378
28245184	121	156	external quality assessment schemes	T170	C0282574
28245184	169	174	study	T062	C2603343
28245184	195	204	ISO 15189	T170	C0282574
28245184	205	217	requirements	T169	C1514873
28245184	223	243	medical laboratories	T073,T093	C3242770
28245184	251	259	estimate	T081	C0750572
28245184	260	283	measurement uncertainty	T081	C1299354
28245184	285	287	MU	T081	C1299354
28245184	294	300	method	T170	C0025663
28245184	309	317	estimate	T081	C0750572
28245184	318	320	MU	T081	C1299354
28245184	338	352	identification	T080	C0205396
28245184	356	374	quantitative tests	T170	C0392366
28245184	379	393	classification	T185	C0008902
28245184	397	402	tests	T170	C0392366
28245184	424	432	clinical	T080	C0205210
28245184	433	440	purpose	T169	C1285529
28245184	449	463	identification	T080	C0205396
28245184	467	475	criteria	T078	C0243161
28245184	479	487	estimate	T081	C0750572
28245184	502	504	MU	T081	C1299354
28245184	505	515	components	T077	C1705248
28245184	517	528	Imprecision	T080	C0443236
28245184	533	542	estimated	T081	C0750572
28245184	549	558	long-term	T079	C0443252
28245184	559	583	internal quality control	T169	C0034378
28245184	585	588	IQC	T169	C0034378
28245184	590	597	results	T169	C1274040
28245184	605	609	year	T079	C0439234
28245184	622	657	external quality assessment schemes	T170	C0282574
28245184	659	663	EQAs	T170	C0282574
28245184	665	672	results	T169	C1274040
28245184	689	695	period	T079	C1948053
28245184	719	727	estimate	T081	C0750572
28245184	728	732	bias	T078	C0242568
28245184	737	741	bias	T078	C0242568
28245184	742	753	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28245184	770	792	measurement procedures	T169	C0242485
28245184	794	797	MPs	T169	C0242485
28245184	804	812	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28245184	830	834	test	T170	C0392366
28245184	835	842	purpose	T169	C1285529
28245184	850	853	MPs	T169	C0242485
28245184	854	865	imprecision	T080	C0443236
28245184	883	891	estimate	T081	C0750572
28245184	892	894	MU	T081	C1299354
28245184	913	916	MPs	T169	C0242485
28245184	922	926	bias	T078	C0242568
28245184	927	936	component	T077	C1705248
28245184	941	944	not	T033	C1513916
28245184	945	954	estimable	T081	C0750572
28245184	962	965	MPs	T169	C0242485
28245184	974	978	EQAs	T170	C0282574
28245184	979	986	results	T169	C1274040
28245184	1012	1022	statistics	T170	C0600673
28245184	1042	1045	MPs	T169	C0242485
28245184	1059	1061	MU	T081	C1299354
28245184	1062	1068	values	T080	C0042295
28245184	1101	1108	analyte	T167	C0443354
28245184	1109	1129	concentration levels	T081	C0392762
28245184	1140	1147	results	T169	C1274040
28245184	1160	1171	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28245184	1175	1179	bias	T078	C0242568
28245184	1185	1197	minor factor	T169	C1521761
28245184	1214	1216	MU	T081	C1299354
28245184	1222	1226	bias	T078	C0242568
28245184	1227	1236	component	T077	C1705248
28245184	1284	1291	studied	T062	C2603343
28245184	1292	1307	sample matrices	T078	C1254370
28245184	1313	1318	model	T170	C3161035
28245184	1330	1332	MU	T081	C1299354
28245184	1333	1343	estimation	T041	C0680844
28245184	1367	1388	standardized approach	T061	C0475411
28245184	1393	1397	bias	T078	C0242568
28245184	1398	1409	calculation	T052	C1441506
28245184	1431	1450	fitness-for-purpose	T169	C1285529
28245184	1454	1458	test	T170	C0392366
28245184	1459	1466	results	T169	C1274040
28245184	1468	1491	Measurement uncertainty	T081	C1299354
28245184	1492	1502	estimation	T041	C0680844
28245184	1535	1555	medical laboratories	T073,T093	C3242770
28245184	1568	1572	tool	T170	C0025663
28245184	1576	1586	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28245184	1591	1609	analytical quality	T080	C0332306
28245184	1613	1617	test	T170	C0392366
28245184	1618	1625	results	T169	C1274040
28245184	1641	1651	calculated	T052	C1441506
28245184	1684	1693	long-term	T079	C0443252
28245184	1694	1705	imprecision	T080	C0443236
28245184	1706	1709	IQC	T169	C0034378
28245184	1710	1717	results	T169	C1274040
28245184	1722	1726	bias	T078	C0242568
28245184	1744	1748	EQAs	T170	C0282574
28245184	1749	1756	results	T169	C1274040

28245193|t|Problem-based learning using patient -simulated videos showing daily life for a comprehensive clinical approach
28245193|a|We examined whether problem-based learning tutorials using patient -simulated videos showing daily life are more practical for clinical learning, compared with traditional paper-based problem-based learning, for the consideration rate of psychosocial issues and the recall rate for experienced learning. Twenty-two groups with 120 fifth- year students were each assigned paper-based problem-based learning and video -based problem-based learning using patient -simulated videos. We compared target achievement rates in questionnaires using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and discussion contents diversity using the Mann-Whitney U test. A follow-up survey used a chi-square test to measure students ' recall of cases in three categories: video, paper, and non-experienced. Video -based problem-based learning displayed significantly higher achievement rates for imagining authentic patients (p=0.001), incorporating a comprehensive approach including psychosocial aspects (p<0.001), and satisfaction with sessions (p=0.001). No significant differences existed in the discussion contents diversity regarding the International Classification of Primary Care Second Edition codes and chapter types or in the rate of psychological codes. In a follow-up survey comparing video and paper groups to non-experienced groups, the rates were higher for video (χ(2)=24.319, p<0.001) and paper (χ(2)=11.134, p=0.001). Although the video rate tended to be higher than the paper rate, no significant difference was found between the two. Patient -simulated videos showing daily life facilitate imagining true patients and support a comprehensive approach that fosters better memory. The clinical patient -simulated video method is more practical and clinical problem-based tutorials can be implemented if we create patient -simulated videos for each symptom as teaching materials.
28245193	0	22	Problem-based learning	T065	C0243013
28245193	29	36	patient	T101	C0030705
28245193	29	54	patient -simulated videos	T170	C3463807
28245193	63	68	daily	T079	C0332173
28245193	69	73	life	T078	C0376558
28245193	80	93	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28245193	94	102	clinical	T080	C0205210
28245193	103	111	approach	T169	C0205245
28245193	132	154	problem-based learning	T065	C0243013
28245193	155	164	tutorials	T170	C0282574
28245193	171	178	patient	T101	C0030705
28245193	171	196	patient -simulated videos	T170	C3463807
28245193	205	210	daily	T079	C0332173
28245193	211	215	life	T078	C0376558
28245193	239	247	clinical	T080	C0205210
28245193	248	256	learning	T041	C0023185
28245193	284	318	paper-based problem-based learning	T065	C0243013
28245193	342	369	rate of psychosocial issues	T033	C0243095
28245193	378	389	recall rate	T033	C0243095
28245193	394	414	experienced learning	T041	C0023185
28245193	427	433	groups	T078	C0441833
28245193	450	454	year	T079	C0439234
28245193	455	463	students	T098	C0038492
28245193	483	517	paper-based problem-based learning	T065	C0243013
28245193	522	527	video	T170	C3463807
28245193	522	557	video -based problem-based learning	T065	C0243013
28245193	564	571	patient	T101	C0030705
28245193	564	589	patient -simulated videos	T170	C3463807
28245193	603	609	target	T169	C1521840
28245193	610	627	achievement rates	T033	C0243095
28245193	631	645	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28245193	656	681	Wilcoxon signed-rank test	T170	C0871608
28245193	686	696	discussion	T054	C2584313
28245193	697	705	contents	T077	C0456205
28245193	706	715	diversity	T080	C1880371
28245193	726	745	Mann-Whitney U test	T081	C0242927
28245193	749	758	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28245193	759	765	survey	T170	C0038951
28245193	773	788	chi-square test	T170	C0008041
28245193	800	808	students	T098	C0038492
28245193	836	846	categories	T170	C0683312
28245193	848	853	video	T170	C3463807
28245193	855	860	paper	T073	C0030351
28245193	866	881	non-experienced	T078	C1254370
28245193	883	888	Video	T170	C3463807
28245193	883	918	Video -based problem-based learning	T065	C0243013
28245193	950	967	achievement rates	T033	C0243095
28245193	982	1000	authentic patients	T101	C0030705
28245193	1028	1041	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28245193	1042	1050	approach	T169	C0205245
28245193	1061	1081	psychosocial aspects	T078	C0243156
28245193	1115	1123	sessions	T077	C1883017
28245193	1135	1161	No significant differences	T033	C3842396
28245193	1177	1187	discussion	T054	C2584313
28245193	1188	1196	contents	T077	C0456205
28245193	1197	1206	diversity	T080	C1880371
28245193	1221	1304	International Classification of Primary Care Second Edition codes and chapter types	T170	C3242518
28245193	1315	1342	rate of psychological codes	T033	C0243095
28245193	1349	1358	follow-up	T062	C0016441
28245193	1359	1365	survey	T170	C0038951
28245193	1376	1381	video	T170	C3463807
28245193	1386	1391	paper	T073	C0030351
28245193	1392	1398	groups	T078	C0441833
28245193	1402	1424	non-experienced groups	T078	C0441833
28245193	1430	1435	rates	T081	C1521828
28245193	1452	1457	video	T170	C3463807
28245193	1485	1490	paper	T073	C0030351
28245193	1528	1533	video	T170	C3463807
28245193	1534	1538	rate	T081	C1521828
28245193	1568	1573	paper	T073	C0030351
28245193	1574	1578	rate	T081	C1521828
28245193	1580	1605	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
28245193	1633	1640	Patient	T101	C0030705
28245193	1633	1658	Patient -simulated videos	T170	C3463807
28245193	1667	1672	daily	T079	C0332173
28245193	1673	1677	life	T078	C0376558
28245193	1704	1712	patients	T101	C0030705
28245193	1727	1740	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28245193	1741	1749	approach	T169	C0205245
28245193	1755	1762	fosters	T056	C0242298
28245193	1770	1776	memory	T041	C0025260
28245193	1782	1790	clinical	T080	C0205210
28245193	1791	1798	patient	T101	C0030705
28245193	1791	1815	patient -simulated video	T170	C3463807
28245193	1816	1822	method	T169	C0449851
28245193	1845	1853	clinical	T080	C0205210
28245193	1854	1877	problem-based tutorials	T170	C0282574
28245193	1910	1917	patient	T101	C0030705
28245193	1910	1935	patient -simulated videos	T170	C3463807
28245193	1945	1952	symptom	T184	C1457887
28245193	1956	1974	teaching materials	T073	C0039402

28245342|t|Assessment of the Extravascular Implantable Defibrillator: Feasibility of Substernal Ventricular Pacing
28245342|a|The objective of this study was to assess feasibility of ventricular pacing and thresholds from within the substernal space to examine a new extravascular ICD configuration with pacing capabilities. In patients undergoing midline sternotomy, a duodecapolar diagnostic pacing catheter was positioned in the substernal space anterior to the pericardium, and a cutaneous patch in left lateral position. Different unipolar and bipolar pacing configurations were assessed. Strength-duration curves were performed to identify the optimal output, starting at 25 mA with a pulse width of 10 milliseconds. Eight patients with mean age 69 ± 9 years were included. In 5, ventricular capture was achieved in ≥1 configuration. The mean bipolar pacing thresholds at PW 10, 5, 3, 1 milliseconds were 12.4 ± 3.7 mA (5 patients), 13.3 ± 5.8 mA (3 patients), 18.3 ± 5.7 mA (3 patients), and 25 ± 0 mA (2 patients), respectively. The 60-mm electrode spacing was the most successful bipolar configuration. Unipolar pacing was successful in 3 out of 4 patients with mean thresholds of 10 ± 0 mA at 10 milliseconds (3 patients), 15 ± 0 mA at 5 milliseconds (3 patients), 16.7 ± 2.9 mA at 3 milliseconds (3 patients), and 20 ± 7.1 mA at 1 milliseconds (2 patients). Ventricular pacing from the substernal space in patients with midline sternotomy is feasible. Closed sternum studies are needed to determine pacing thresholds more accurately.
28245342	0	10	Assessment	T052	C1516048
28245342	18	57	Extravascular Implantable Defibrillator	T074	C0162589
28245342	59	70	Feasibility	T080	C0443348
28245342	74	103	Substernal Ventricular Pacing	T061	C1285520
28245342	108	117	objective	T170	C0018017
28245342	126	131	study	T062	C0681814
28245342	139	145	assess	T052	C1516048
28245342	146	157	feasibility	T080	C0443348
28245342	161	179	ventricular pacing	T061	C1285520
28245342	184	194	thresholds	T080	C0449864
28245342	200	206	within	T082	C0332285
28245342	211	227	substernal space	T029	C0230145
28245342	241	244	new	T080	C0205314
28245342	245	262	extravascular ICD	T074	C0162589
28245342	263	276	configuration	T082	C0449830
28245342	282	288	pacing	T061	C1285520
28245342	289	301	capabilities	T080	C2698977
28245342	306	314	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	326	344	midline sternotomy	T061	C1282959
28245342	348	387	duodecapolar diagnostic pacing catheter	T074	C0085590
28245342	392	402	positioned	T082	C0733755
28245342	410	426	substernal space	T029	C0230145
28245342	427	435	anterior	T082	C0205094
28245342	443	454	pericardium	T023	C0031050
28245342	462	477	cutaneous patch	T033	C0241148
28245342	481	502	left lateral position	T082	C0450414
28245342	504	513	Different	T080	C1705242
28245342	514	522	unipolar	T082	C0443340
28245342	527	534	bipolar	T082	C0443156
28245342	535	541	pacing	T061	C1285520
28245342	542	556	configurations	T082	C0449830
28245342	562	570	assessed	T052	C1516048
28245342	572	596	Strength-duration curves	T059	C0022885
28245342	602	611	performed	T169	C0884358
28245342	628	635	optimal	T080	C2698651
28245342	636	642	output	T060	C0204709
28245342	659	661	mA	T081	C0450172
28245342	669	680	pulse width	T081	C0487742
28245342	687	699	milliseconds	T079	C0439223
28245342	707	715	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	721	725	mean	T081	C0444504
28245342	726	729	age	T032	C0001779
28245342	737	742	years	T079	C0439234
28245342	748	756	included	T169	C0332257
28245342	764	775	ventricular	T082	C1522565
28245342	803	816	configuration	T082	C0449830
28245342	822	826	mean	T081	C0444504
28245342	827	834	bipolar	T082	C0443156
28245342	835	841	pacing	T061	C1285520
28245342	842	852	thresholds	T080	C0449864
28245342	871	883	milliseconds	T079	C0439223
28245342	900	902	mA	T081	C0450172
28245342	906	914	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	928	930	mA	T081	C0450172
28245342	934	942	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	956	958	mA	T081	C0450172
28245342	962	970	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	984	986	mA	T081	C0450172
28245342	990	998	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	1025	1034	electrode	T074	C0013812
28245342	1035	1042	spacing	T081	C1710137
28245342	1056	1066	successful	T080	C1272703
28245342	1067	1074	bipolar	T082	C0443156
28245342	1075	1088	configuration	T082	C0449830
28245342	1090	1098	Unipolar	T082	C0443340
28245342	1099	1105	pacing	T061	C1285520
28245342	1110	1120	successful	T080	C1272703
28245342	1135	1143	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	1149	1153	mean	T081	C0444504
28245342	1154	1164	thresholds	T080	C0449864
28245342	1175	1177	mA	T081	C0450172
28245342	1184	1196	milliseconds	T079	C0439223
28245342	1200	1208	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	1218	1220	mA	T081	C0450172
28245342	1226	1238	milliseconds	T079	C0439223
28245342	1242	1250	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	1264	1266	mA	T081	C0450172
28245342	1272	1284	milliseconds	T079	C0439223
28245342	1288	1296	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	1312	1314	mA	T081	C0450172
28245342	1320	1332	milliseconds	T079	C0439223
28245342	1336	1344	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	1347	1365	Ventricular pacing	T061	C1285520
28245342	1359	1365	pacing	T061	C1285520
28245342	1375	1391	substernal space	T029	C0230145
28245342	1395	1403	patients	T101	C0030705
28245342	1409	1427	midline sternotomy	T061	C1282959
28245342	1431	1439	feasible	T080	C0443348
28245342	1441	1447	Closed	T169	C0587267
28245342	1448	1455	sternum	T023	C0038293
28245342	1456	1463	studies	T062	C2603343
28245342	1468	1474	needed	T080	C0027552
28245342	1488	1494	pacing	T061	C1285520
28245342	1495	1505	thresholds	T080	C0449864
28245342	1511	1521	accurately	T080	C0443131

28245479|t|Potential Utility of Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Diagnosis of Residual Bladder Cancer before Second Transurethral Resection
28245479|a|The study aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) in differentiating residual bladder cancer from benign postoperative changes before a second transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB). Of the 75 bladder cancer patients who underwent a second TURB from 2013 to 2015, 23 patients who underwent multi-sequence bladder MRI after their initial TURB were retrospectively evaluated. Thirty lesions were histologically examined at the second TURB and the results of them were compared with the findings obtained through T2-weighted MRI, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI), and DW-MRI. Positive findings of 27, 28, and 15 lesions showed up on T2W-, DCE -, and DW-MRI, respectively. Thirteen lesions were confirmed histologically to constitute residual cancer. The sensitivity / specificity / accuracy of T2W-, DCE -, and DW-MRI were 100/18/53, 100/12/50, and 92/82/87%, respectively. DW-MRI was significantly superior in specificity and accuracy to T2W- (p < 0.01 for both) and DCE-MRI (p < 0.01 for both). This study first showed the superiority of DW-MRI to T2W- and DCE-MRI in differentiating residual cancer before a second TURB.
28245479	21	66	Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C1136216
28245479	70	79	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28245479	83	91	Residual	T080	C1609982
28245479	92	106	Bladder Cancer	T191	C0005684
28245479	114	120	Second	T081	C0205436
28245479	121	144	Transurethral Resection	T061	C1519630
28245479	180	190	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28245479	202	224	diffusion-weighted MRI	T060	C1136216
28245479	226	232	DW-MRI	T060	C1136216
28245479	253	261	residual	T080	C1609982
28245479	262	276	bladder cancer	T191	C0005684
28245479	289	302	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28245479	320	326	second	T081	C0205436
28245479	327	365	transurethral resection of the bladder	T061	C0401496
28245479	367	371	TURB	T061	C0401496
28245479	384	398	bladder cancer	T191	C0005684
28245479	399	407	patients	T101	C1516213
28245479	424	430	second	T081	C0205436
28245479	431	435	TURB	T061	C0401496
28245479	458	466	patients	T101	C1516213
28245479	481	495	multi-sequence	T169	C1519249
28245479	496	507	bladder MRI	T060	C0203121
28245479	528	532	TURB	T061	C0401496
28245479	538	563	retrospectively evaluated	T058	C0184821
28245479	572	579	lesions	T033	C0221198
28245479	585	599	histologically	T169	C0205462
28245479	616	622	second	T081	C0205436
28245479	623	627	TURB	T061	C0401496
28245479	675	683	findings	T033	C0243095
28245479	701	716	T2-weighted MRI	T060	C0203121
28245479	718	747	dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI	T060	C1831914
28245479	749	756	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
28245479	763	769	DW-MRI	T060	C1136216
28245479	771	788	Positive findings	T033	C1514241
28245479	807	814	lesions	T033	C0221198
28245479	828	832	T2W-	T060	C0203121
28245479	834	837	DCE	T060	C1831914
28245479	845	851	DW-MRI	T060	C1136216
28245479	876	883	lesions	T033	C0221198
28245479	899	913	histologically	T169	C0205462
28245479	928	936	residual	T080	C1609982
28245479	937	943	cancer	T191	C0005684
28245479	949	960	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28245479	963	974	specificity	T081	C1511884
28245479	977	985	accuracy	T080	C0598285
28245479	989	993	T2W-	T060	C0203121
28245479	995	998	DCE	T060	C1831914
28245479	1006	1012	DW-MRI	T060	C1136216
28245479	1069	1075	DW-MRI	T060	C1136216
28245479	1080	1093	significantly	T078	C0750502
28245479	1094	1102	superior	T080	C0332272
28245479	1106	1117	specificity	T081	C1511884
28245479	1122	1130	accuracy	T080	C0598285
28245479	1134	1138	T2W-	T060	C0203121
28245479	1163	1170	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
28245479	1235	1241	DW-MRI	T060	C1136216
28245479	1245	1249	T2W-	T060	C0203121
28245479	1254	1261	DCE-MRI	T060	C1831914
28245479	1281	1289	residual	T080	C1609982
28245479	1290	1296	cancer	T191	C0005684
28245479	1306	1312	second	T081	C0205436
28245479	1313	1317	TURB	T061	C0401496

28245982|t|Comparative analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in cells and exosomes under toluene exposure
28245982|a|Recent studies have illustrated the growing importance of exosomes (small extracellular vesicles) and their constituent microRNA s (miRNAs) in the fields of toxicology and pathology. The mechanism of toxicity of toluene, a highly-prevalent and volatile organic compound, is largely unknown. To examine the role of miRNAs in toluene-induced toxicity, we investigated miRNAs and toluene-induced gene expression in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells and exosomes using microarrays. A total of 54 miRNAs were differentially expressed in HL-60 cell lines exposed to toluene and exosomes from the cells. Four out of the 54 miRNAs (hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-718, hsa-miR-3663-3p, and hsa-miR-320c) were subsequently validated by qRT-PCR. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles identified 8 miRNA - mRNA correlations. By performing Comparative Toxicogenomics Database analysis, we found that the eight putative target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs under toluene exposure (EXOSC6, RHOH, GFER, HERC2, GOLGA4, SLC7A11, GCLM, and BACH1) are related to diverse disease categories such as nervous system disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory tract disease. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that miRNA - mRNA networks provide a better understanding of toxicological mechanism caused by environmental pollutants in vitro using HL-60 cells and exosomes.
28245982	0	20	Comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
28245982	24	32	microRNA	T028	C2825314
28245982	37	41	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28245982	42	61	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
28245982	65	70	cells	T025	C0007634
28245982	75	83	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28245982	90	97	toluene	T109	C0040383
28245982	98	106	exposure	T080	C0332157
28245982	107	121	Recent studies	T062	C2603343
28245982	165	173	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28245982	175	203	small extracellular vesicles	T026	C3894683
28245982	215	226	constituent	T167	C0729650
28245982	227	235	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28245982	239	245	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28245982	254	274	fields of toxicology	T091	C0040541
28245982	279	288	pathology	T091	C0030664
28245982	294	303	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28245982	307	326	toxicity of toluene	T037	C1516457
28245982	330	346	highly-prevalent	T081	C1512456
28245982	351	359	volatile	T080	C1963547
28245982	360	376	organic compound	T109	C0029224
28245982	421	427	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28245982	431	455	toluene-induced toxicity	T037	C1516457
28245982	460	472	investigated	T169	C1292732
28245982	473	479	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
28245982	484	499	toluene-induced	T046	C0007994
28245982	500	515	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28245982	519	524	HL-60	T025	C1512310
28245982	525	559	human promyelocytic leukemia cells	T025	C0282549
28245982	564	572	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28245982	579	590	microarrays	T075	C3853655
28245982	606	612	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
28245982	618	642	differentially expressed	T045	C0017262
28245982	646	662	HL-60 cell lines	T025	C0282549
28245982	674	681	toluene	T109	C0040383
28245982	686	694	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28245982	704	709	cells	T025	C0007634
28245982	730	736	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
28245982	738	750	hsa-miR-1290	T028	C2681774
28245982	752	763	hsa-miR-718	T028	C2829676
28245982	765	780	hsa-miR-3663-3p	T028	C3147923
28245982	786	798	hsa-miR-320c	T028	C2681673
28245982	818	827	validated	T062	C1519941
28245982	831	838	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
28245982	840	859	Integrated analysis	T062	C0936012
28245982	863	868	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28245982	873	877	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28245982	878	897	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
28245982	898	908	identified	T080	C0205396
28245982	911	916	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28245982	919	923	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28245982	924	936	correlations	T080	C1707520
28245982	952	987	Comparative Toxicogenomics Database	T170	C0242356
28245982	988	996	analysis	T062	C0936012
28245982	1022	1043	putative target genes	T028	C0017337
28245982	1051	1075	differentially expressed	T045	C0017262
28245982	1076	1082	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
28245982	1089	1096	toluene	T109	C0040383
28245982	1097	1105	exposure	T080	C0332157
28245982	1107	1113	EXOSC6	T028	C1425980
28245982	1115	1119	RHOH	T028	C1332112
28245982	1121	1125	GFER	T028	C1415043
28245982	1127	1132	HERC2	T028	C1415512
28245982	1134	1140	GOLGA4	T028	C1415176
28245982	1142	1149	SLC7A11	T028	C1420222
28245982	1151	1155	GCLM	T028	C1415098
28245982	1161	1166	BACH1	T028	C1412729
28245982	1183	1190	diverse	T080	C1880371
28245982	1191	1209	disease categories	T201	C3699655
28245982	1218	1240	nervous system disease	T047	C0027765
28245982	1242	1248	cancer	T191	C0006826
28245982	1250	1272	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28245982	1278	1303	respiratory tract disease	T047	C0035242
28245982	1324	1328	data	T078	C1511726
28245982	1347	1352	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28245982	1355	1359	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28245982	1360	1368	networks	T169	C1882071
28245982	1403	1426	toxicological mechanism	T038	C4042799
28245982	1437	1461	environmental pollutants	T131	C0014417
28245982	1462	1470	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28245982	1477	1488	HL-60 cells	T025	C0282549
28245982	1493	1501	exosomes	T026	C2350332

28246046|t|A comparison of minimally invasive approach vs conventional approach for volar plating of distal radial fractures
28246046|a|The aim of this study was to introduce and to evaluate the functional results of volar plating of distal radial fractures through a longitudinal minimally invasive approach. From January 2010 to January 2013, 157 patients with distal radial fractures were randomly allocated to group A (n = 83; 49 men, 34 women; mean age: 42 (18-67)) and B (n = 74; 46 men, 28 women; mean age: 41 (22-65)), including type A2, A3, B3, C1, and C2 fractures, based on AO Foundation and Orthopaedic Trauma Association Classification. Patients in group A were treated through a 1.5- to 2-cm longitudinal incision, and patients in group B were treated through the conventional flexor carpi radialis approach. All fractures were treated with a locking volar plate. The functional results were compared with range of motion, grip and pronation strengths for each fracture type. After a follow-up of 2 years, similar measurements were noted on range of motion and grip strength in both groups. Regarding pronation strength, group A was superior to group B (p < 0.05). Minimally invasive volar plating of distal radial fractures is a safe and reliable technique, resulting in better pronation function and appearance.
28246046	16	43	minimally invasive approach	T169	C2711297
28246046	47	68	conventional approach	T080	C0439858
28246046	73	86	volar plating	T061	C0408173
28246046	90	96	distal	T082	C0205108
28246046	97	113	radial fractures	T037	C0034628
28246046	160	168	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28246046	173	191	functional results	T033	C0808233
28246046	195	208	volar plating	T061	C0408173
28246046	212	218	distal	T082	C0205108
28246046	219	235	radial fractures	T037	C0034628
28246046	246	286	longitudinal minimally invasive approach	T169	C2711297
28246046	327	335	patients	T101	C0030705
28246046	341	347	distal	T082	C0205108
28246046	348	364	radial fractures	T037	C0034628
28246046	392	399	group A	T098	C1257890
28246046	412	415	men	T098	C0025266
28246046	420	425	women	T098	C0043210
28246046	467	470	men	T098	C0025266
28246046	475	480	women	T098	C0043210
28246046	515	552	type A2, A3, B3, C1, and C2 fractures	T170	C0559822
28246046	563	576	AO Foundation	T170	C0282574
28246046	581	626	Orthopaedic Trauma Association Classification	T170	C0559822
28246046	628	636	Patients	T101	C0030705
28246046	640	647	group A	T098	C1257890
28246046	653	660	treated	T169	C1522326
28246046	684	696	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
28246046	697	705	incision	T061	C0184898
28246046	711	719	patients	T101	C0030705
28246046	723	730	group B	T098	C1257890
28246046	736	743	treated	T169	C1522326
28246046	756	768	conventional	T080	C0439858
28246046	769	790	flexor carpi radialis	T023	C0224252
28246046	805	814	fractures	T037	C0016658
28246046	820	827	treated	T169	C1522326
28246046	835	842	locking	T033	C0547000
28246046	843	848	volar	T029	C0443349
28246046	849	854	plate	T074	C0005971
28246046	860	878	functional results	T033	C0808233
28246046	898	913	range of motion	T201	C2607871
28246046	915	919	grip	T081	C0429271
28246046	924	933	pronation	T040	C0033421
28246046	934	943	strengths	T078	C0808080
28246046	953	966	fracture type	T037	C0016658
28246046	976	985	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28246046	1006	1018	measurements	T169	C0242485
28246046	1033	1048	range of motion	T201	C2607871
28246046	1053	1066	grip strength	T081	C0429271
28246046	1075	1081	groups	T098	C1257890
28246046	1093	1102	pronation	T040	C0033421
28246046	1103	1111	strength	T078	C0808080
28246046	1113	1120	group A	T098	C1257890
28246046	1137	1144	group B	T098	C1257890
28246046	1157	1175	Minimally invasive	T169	C2711297
28246046	1176	1189	volar plating	T061	C0408173
28246046	1193	1199	distal	T082	C0205108
28246046	1200	1216	radial fractures	T037	C0034628
28246046	1240	1249	technique	T169	C0449851
28246046	1264	1270	better	T080	C0332272
28246046	1271	1289	pronation function	T040	C0033421
28246046	1294	1304	appearance	T080	C0700364

28246934|t|Forensic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the Chinese Yi population via 19 X-chromosomal STR loci
28246934|a|The demographic characteristics and genetic polymorphism data of 56 Chinese nationalities or 31 administrative divisions in Chinese mainland have repeatedly been the genetic research hotspots. While most genetic studies focused on some particular Chinese populations based on autosomal or Y-chromosomal genetic markers, the forensic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of the seventh largest Chinese population (Yi ethnicity) on the X-chromosomal genetic markers are scarce. Here, allele frequencies and forensic statistical parameters for 19 X-chromosomal short tandem repeat loci (DXS7424-DXS101, DXS6789-DXS6809, DXS7423-DXS10134, DXS10103-HPRTB-DXS10101, DXS10159-DXS10162-DXS10164, DXS10148-DXS10135-DXS8378, and DXS7132-DXS10079-DXS10074-DXS10075) of 331 Chinese Yi individuals were obtained. All 19 X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in females were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. A total of 214 alleles were identified with the corresponding allele frequencies spanned from 0.0019 to 0.6106. The combined PE, PDF, and PDM were 0.9999999214, 0.9999999999999999999993, and 0.9999999999998, respectively. The high combined MECKrüger, MECKishida, MECDesmarais, and MECDesmarais Duo were achieved as 0.9999999617638, 0.9999999999971, 0.9999999999971, and 0.9999999931538, respectively. The findings suggested that the panel of 19 X-STR loci is highly polymorphic and informative in the Yi ethnic population and can be considered to be a powerful tool in forensic complex kinship identification. Population differentiation analyses among 12 populations indicated that significant differences in genetic structure were observed in between the Yi ethnicity and the Chinese Uyghur as well as Kazakh, and genetic homogeneity existed in similar ethno-origin or geographic origin populations.
28246934	0	24	Forensic characteristics	UnknownType	C0681831
28246934	29	50	phylogenetic analyses	T062	C1519068
28246934	58	65	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28246934	66	79	Yi population	T098	C1257890
28246934	87	100	X-chromosomal	T026	C0043292
28246934	101	104	STR	T086	C0598994
28246934	105	109	loci	T028	C0678933
28246934	114	141	demographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28246934	146	166	genetic polymorphism	T045	C0032529
28246934	167	171	data	T078	C1511726
28246934	178	185	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28246934	186	199	nationalities	T102	C0027473
28246934	206	230	administrative divisions	T092	C2919030
28246934	234	250	Chinese mainland	T083	C0008115
28246934	276	292	genetic research	T062	C0243064
28246934	293	301	hotspots	T082	C0205146
28246934	314	329	genetic studies	T062	C2827447
28246934	357	364	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28246934	365	376	populations	T098	C1257890
28246934	386	395	autosomal	T026	C0596142
28246934	399	412	Y-chromosomal	T026	C0043381
28246934	413	428	genetic markers	T045	C0017393
28246934	434	458	forensic characteristics	UnknownType	C0681831
28246934	463	484	phylogenetic analyses	T062	C1519068
28246934	508	515	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28246934	516	526	population	T098	C1257890
28246934	528	540	Yi ethnicity	T098	C0015031
28246934	549	562	X-chromosomal	T026	C0043292
28246934	563	578	genetic markers	T045	C0017393
28246934	597	615	allele frequencies	T081	C0017270
28246934	620	651	forensic statistical parameters	T033	C0449381
28246934	659	672	X-chromosomal	T026	C0043292
28246934	673	692	short tandem repeat	T086	C0598994
28246934	693	697	loci	T028	C0678933
28246934	699	713	DXS7424-DXS101	T028	C0678933
28246934	715	730	DXS6789-DXS6809	T028	C0678933
28246934	732	748	DXS7423-DXS10134	T028	C0678933
28246934	750	773	DXS10103-HPRTB-DXS10101	T028	C0678933
28246934	775	801	DXS10159-DXS10162-DXS10164	T028	C0678933
28246934	803	828	DXS10148-DXS10135-DXS8378	T028	C0678933
28246934	834	868	DXS7132-DXS10079-DXS10074-DXS10075	T028	C0678933
28246934	877	884	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28246934	885	899	Yi individuals	T098	C0237401
28246934	922	935	X-chromosomal	T026	C0043292
28246934	936	955	short tandem repeat	T086	C0598994
28246934	957	960	STR	T086	C0598994
28246934	962	966	loci	T028	C0678933
28246934	970	977	females	T098	C0043210
28246934	1051	1058	alleles	T028	C0002085
28246934	1064	1074	identified	T080	C0205396
28246934	1098	1116	allele frequencies	T081	C0017270
28246934	1161	1163	PE	T081	C0392762
28246934	1165	1168	PDF	T081	C0392762
28246934	1174	1177	PDM	T081	C0392762
28246934	1276	1285	MECKrüger	T081	C0392762
28246934	1287	1297	MECKishida	T081	C0392762
28246934	1299	1311	MECDesmarais	T081	C0392762
28246934	1317	1333	MECDesmarais Duo	T081	C0392762
28246934	1441	1449	findings	T033	C0243095
28246934	1469	1474	panel	T078	C0441833
28246934	1481	1486	X-STR	T086	C0598994
28246934	1487	1491	loci	T028	C0678933
28246934	1502	1513	polymorphic	T080	C1882417
28246934	1518	1529	informative	T080	C2986490
28246934	1537	1557	Yi ethnic population	T098	C0015031
28246934	1597	1601	tool	T073	C0336791
28246934	1605	1644	forensic complex kinship identification	T078	C0870773
28246934	1646	1681	Population differentiation analyses	T062	C0242481
28246934	1691	1702	populations	T098	C1257890
28246934	1730	1741	differences	T080	C1705242
28246934	1745	1762	genetic structure	T028	C1136352
28246934	1792	1804	Yi ethnicity	T098	C0015031
28246934	1813	1820	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28246934	1821	1827	Uyghur	T098	C1257890
28246934	1839	1845	Kazakh	T098	C1257890
28246934	1851	1870	genetic homogeneity	T080	C1881065
28246934	1890	1902	ethno-origin	T098	C0015031
28246934	1906	1935	geographic origin populations	T081	C0032659

28247087|t|Practices and Processes Used in the Return to Work of Injured New South Wales nurses: Are These Consistent With RTW Best Practice Principles?
28247087|a|Purpose Workplace injury and illness rates are high within the nursing profession, and in conjunction with current nursing shortages, low retention rates, and the high cost of workplace injury, the need for effective return to work (RTW) for injured nurses is highlighted. This study aimed to identify current practices and processes used in the RTW of injured nurses, and determine if these are consistent with the seven principles for successful RTW as described by the Canadian Institute for Work & Health. Method As part of a larger cross-sectional study, survey data were collected from New South Wales nurses who had sustained a major workplace injury or illness. Survey questions were coded and matched to the seven principles for successful RTW. Results Of the 484 surveys eligible for analysis, most were from Registered Nurses (52%) in the Public Hospital Sector (48%). Responses indicated four main areas of concern: a commitment to health and safety by the workplace; early and considerate employer contact; provision of modified work; and individual knowledge of and involvement in the RTW process. Positive participant responses to co-worker and supervisor involvement were identified as areas consistent with best practice principles. Conclusions These findings suggest the practices and processes involved in the RTW of injured nurses are inconsistent with best practice principles for RTW, highlighting the need for interventions such as targeted employer education and training for improved industry RTW outcomes.
28247087	0	9	Practices	T057	C0600585
28247087	14	23	Processes	T067	C1522240
28247087	36	50	Return to Work	T033	C0425105
28247087	54	61	Injured	T169	C0332664
28247087	62	77	New South Wales	T083	C0027975
28247087	78	84	nurses	T097	C0028661
28247087	78	84	nurses	T097	C0028661
28247087	96	111	Consistent With	T078	C0332290
28247087	112	115	RTW	T033	C0425105
28247087	121	140	Practice Principles	T057	C0600585
28247087	150	159	Workplace	T082	C0162579
28247087	160	166	injury	T037	C3263723
28247087	171	178	illness	T184	C0221423
28247087	179	184	rates	T081	C1521828
28247087	189	193	high	T080	C0205250
28247087	205	223	nursing profession	T091	C0028677
28247087	232	243	conjunction	T078	C2699427
28247087	249	256	current	T079	C0521116
28247087	257	264	nursing	T097	C0028661
28247087	265	274	shortages	T081	C0392762
28247087	276	289	low retention	T169	C0333117
28247087	290	295	rates	T081	C1521828
28247087	305	309	high	T080	C0205250
28247087	310	314	cost	T081	C0010186
28247087	318	327	workplace	T082	C0162579
28247087	328	334	injury	T037	C3263723
28247087	349	358	effective	T080	C1704419
28247087	359	373	return to work	T033	C0425105
28247087	375	378	RTW	T033	C0425105
28247087	384	391	injured	T169	C0332664
28247087	392	398	nurses	T097	C0028661
28247087	426	431	aimed	T078	C1947946
28247087	444	451	current	T079	C0521116
28247087	452	461	practices	T057	C0600585
28247087	466	475	processes	T067	C1522240
28247087	488	491	RTW	T033	C0425105
28247087	495	502	injured	T169	C0332664
28247087	503	509	nurses	T097	C0028661
28247087	515	524	determine	T080	C0521095
28247087	538	553	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28247087	564	574	principles	T064	C0022433
28247087	579	589	successful	T080	C1272703
28247087	590	593	RTW	T033	C0425105
28247087	597	606	described	T078	C1552738
28247087	614	650	Canadian Institute for Work & Health	T093	C0920545
28247087	679	700	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28247087	702	713	survey data	T170	C2361339
28247087	719	728	collected	T078	C1516695
28247087	734	749	New South Wales	T083	C0027975
28247087	750	756	nurses	T097	C0028661
28247087	765	774	sustained	T169	C0443318
28247087	777	782	major	T080	C0205164
28247087	783	792	workplace	T082	C0162579
28247087	793	799	injury	T037	C3263723
28247087	803	810	illness	T184	C0221423
28247087	812	818	Survey	T170	C0038951
28247087	819	828	questions	T170	C1522634
28247087	834	839	coded	T057	C0009219
28247087	844	851	matched	T062	C0150103
28247087	865	875	principles	T064	C0022433
28247087	880	890	successful	T080	C1272703
28247087	891	894	RTW	T033	C0425105
28247087	896	903	Results	T169	C1274040
28247087	915	922	surveys	T170	C0038951
28247087	923	931	eligible	T080	C1548635
28247087	936	944	analysis	T062	C0936012
28247087	961	978	Registered Nurses	T097	C0687673
28247087	992	1014	Public Hospital Sector	T078	C0525053
28247087	1022	1031	Responses	T032	C0871261
28247087	1047	1057	main areas	T082	C0205146
28247087	1061	1068	concern	T078	C2699424
28247087	1072	1082	commitment	T041	C0870312
28247087	1086	1092	health	T078	C0018684
28247087	1097	1103	safety	T068	C0036043
28247087	1111	1120	workplace	T082	C0162579
28247087	1122	1127	early	T079	C1279919
28247087	1132	1143	considerate	T080	C0205556
28247087	1144	1152	employer	T097	C1274022
28247087	1153	1160	contact	T169	C0332158
28247087	1162	1171	provision	T052	C0441655
28247087	1175	1183	modified	T169	C0392747
28247087	1184	1188	work	T057	C0043227
28247087	1194	1204	individual	T098	C0237401
28247087	1205	1214	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28247087	1222	1233	involvement	T169	C1314939
28247087	1241	1244	RTW	T033	C0425105
28247087	1245	1252	process	T067	C1522240
28247087	1254	1262	Positive	T033	C1446409
28247087	1263	1274	participant	T098	C0679646
28247087	1275	1284	responses	T032	C0871261
28247087	1288	1297	co-worker	T098	C0681088
28247087	1302	1312	supervisor	T097	C0403172
28247087	1313	1324	involvement	T169	C1314939
28247087	1330	1340	identified	T080	C0205396
28247087	1344	1349	areas	T082	C0205146
28247087	1350	1365	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28247087	1371	1390	practice principles	T057	C0600585
28247087	1410	1418	findings	T033	C0243095
28247087	1419	1426	suggest	T078	C1705535
28247087	1431	1440	practices	T057	C0600585
28247087	1445	1454	processes	T067	C1522240
28247087	1455	1463	involved	T169	C1314939
28247087	1471	1474	RTW	T033	C0425105
28247087	1478	1485	injured	T169	C0332664
28247087	1486	1492	nurses	T097	C0028661
28247087	1497	1509	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
28247087	1520	1539	practice principles	T057	C0600585
28247087	1544	1547	RTW	T033	C0425105
28247087	1549	1561	highlighting	T080	C0205556
28247087	1575	1588	interventions	UnknownType	C0814452
28247087	1597	1605	targeted	T169	C1521840
28247087	1606	1614	employer	T097	C1274022
28247087	1615	1624	education	T065	C0013621
28247087	1629	1637	training	T065	C0220931
28247087	1642	1650	improved	T033	C0184511
28247087	1651	1659	industry	T057	C0021267
28247087	1660	1663	RTW	T033	C0425105
28247087	1664	1672	outcomes	T169	C1274040

28247217|t|Retrospective study of 24 cases of acute appendiceal diverticulitis: CT findings and pathological correlations
28247217|a|Appendiceal diverticulitis is relatively rare and is difficult to distinguish clinically and radiologically from acute appendicitis. The aim of this study was to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of acute appendiceal diverticulitis. Among the 1329 patients who underwent appendectomy at our institution between January 2010 and July 2015, 28 were diagnosed pathologically with appendiceal diverticulitis, including 24 patients who were evaluated by preoperative CT. The control group consisted of 38 patients without diverticulitis. Average age of patients, ratio of males to females, appendiceal diameter, presence of a diverticulum, diverticular enhancement, peri-appendiceal fat stranding, peri-appendiceal loculated fluid and perforation, and the presence of appendicolith were evaluated retrospectively. Peri-appendiceal fat stranding (p < 0.005), appendiceal diameter (p < 0.005), and peri-appendiceal loculated fluid differed significantly between the diverticulitis and non - diverticulitis groups (p < 0.005). Although relatively uncommon, appendiceal diverticulitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis. It differs from typical acute appendicitis by the presence of an inflamed diverticulum, seen on CT. These patients are also more likely to have peri-appendiceal extra-luminal loculated fluid, peri-appendiceal fat stranding, and a larger diameter of the appendix. The latter finding is likely due to the increased intraluminal pressure.
28247217	0	19	Retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28247217	35	40	acute	T079	C0205178
28247217	41	52	appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	53	68	diverticulitis:	T047	C0012813
28247217	69	71	CT	T060	C0040405
28247217	85	97	pathological	T169	C0205469
28247217	98	110	correlations	T080	C1707520
28247217	111	122	Appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	123	137	diverticulitis	T047	C0012813
28247217	164	173	difficult	T080	C0332218
28247217	189	199	clinically	T080	C0205210
28247217	204	218	radiologically	UnknownType	C0748230
28247217	224	242	acute appendicitis	T047	C0085693
28247217	286	305	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28247217	306	309	(CT	T060	C0040405
28247217	323	328	acute	T079	C0205178
28247217	329	340	appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	341	355	diverticulitis	T047	C0012813
28247217	372	380	patients	T101	C0030705
28247217	395	407	appendectomy	T061	C0003611
28247217	415	426	institution	T093	C2607850
28247217	471	480	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28247217	481	495	pathologically	T169	C0205469
28247217	501	512	appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	513	527	diverticulitis	T047	C0012813
28247217	542	550	patients	T101	C0030705
28247217	560	569	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28247217	573	585	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28247217	586	588	CT	T060	C0040405
28247217	594	607	control group	T096	C0009932
28247217	624	632	patients	T101	C0030705
28247217	633	640	without	T080	C0332288
28247217	641	655	diverticulitis	T047	C0012813
28247217	672	680	patients	T101	C0030705
28247217	682	707	ratio of males to females	T033	C0243095
28247217	709	720	appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	721	729	diameter	T081	C1301886
28247217	731	739	presence	T033	C0150312
28247217	745	757	diverticulum	T046	C0012817
28247217	759	771	diverticular	T046	C0012817
28247217	772	783	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28247217	785	801	peri-appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	802	815	fat stranding	T033	C0243095
28247217	817	833	peri-appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	834	843	loculated	T080	C0205277
28247217	844	849	fluid	T031	C0005889
28247217	854	865	perforation	T033	C0549099
28247217	875	883	presence	T033	C0150312
28247217	887	900	appendicolith	T047	C3805175
28247217	906	915	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28247217	933	949	Peri-appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	950	963	fat stranding	T033	C0243095
28247217	977	988	appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	989	997	diameter	T081	C1301886
28247217	1015	1031	peri-appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	1032	1041	loculated	T080	C0205277
28247217	1042	1047	fluid	T031	C0005889
28247217	1083	1097	diverticulitis	T047	C0012813
28247217	1102	1105	non	T169	C1518422
28247217	1108	1122	diverticulitis	T047	C0012813
28247217	1123	1129	groups	T078	C0441833
28247217	1163	1171	uncommon	T080	C0522498
28247217	1173	1184	appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	1185	1199	diverticulitis	T047	C0012813
28247217	1210	1218	included	T169	C0332257
28247217	1226	1248	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
28247217	1252	1270	acute appendicitis	T047	C0085693
28247217	1288	1295	typical	T080	C3538928
28247217	1296	1314	acute appendicitis	T047	C0085693
28247217	1322	1330	presence	T033	C0150312
28247217	1337	1345	inflamed	T169	C0333348
28247217	1346	1358	diverticulum	T046	C0012817
28247217	1368	1370	CT	T060	C0040405
28247217	1378	1386	patients	T101	C0030705
28247217	1416	1432	peri-appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	1433	1446	extra-luminal	T082	C0524462
28247217	1447	1456	loculated	T080	C0205277
28247217	1457	1462	fluid	T031	C0005889
28247217	1464	1480	peri-appendiceal	T023	C0003617
28247217	1481	1494	fat stranding	T033	C0243095
28247217	1502	1508	larger	T081	C1704243
28247217	1509	1517	diameter	T081	C1301886
28247217	1525	1533	appendix	T023	C0003617
28247217	1575	1584	increased	T081	C0205217
28247217	1585	1597	intraluminal	T082	C0442115
28247217	1598	1606	pressure	T169	C1306345

28247230|t|Update from the 4th Edition of the World Health Organization of Head and Neck Tumours: Tumours of the Oral Cavity and Mobile Tongue
28247230|a|There have been several additions and deletions in Chapter 4 on Tumours of the oral cavity and mobile tongue in the 2017 fourth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours of the Head and Neck. This chapter excludes the oropharynx, which now is a stand-alone chapter acknowledging the uniqueness of the oropharynx from the oral cavity. New entries in Chapter 4 include rhabdomyoma, haemangioma, schwannoma, neurofibroma and myofibroblastic sarcoma in the section titled Soft tissue and neural tumours. Discussion of salivary gland entities have been reduced and includes mucoepidermoid carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma as the other salivary gland types are discussed elsewhere. In the Haematolymphoid tumours section, like the salivary gland section, only tumors that commonly present in the oral cavity are discussed in Chapter 4. Excluded entities in the updated classification include papillary hyperplasia, median rhomboid glossitis, keratoacanthoma, focal oral mucinosis, and secondary tumors. This article will summarize the changes in the new classification since the 2005 edition focusing on selected entities that have had significant changes along with new entries.
28247230	0	6	Update	T079	C1519814
28247230	16	60	4th Edition of the World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
28247230	64	85	Head and Neck Tumours	T191	C0018671
28247230	87	94	Tumours	T191	C0027651
28247230	102	113	Oral Cavity	T030	C0226896
28247230	118	131	Mobile Tongue	T023	C0040408
28247230	170	179	deletions	T052	C1880274
28247230	183	192	Chapter 4	T078	C1552857
28247230	196	203	Tumours	T191	C0027651
28247230	211	222	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
28247230	227	240	mobile tongue	T023	C0040408
28247230	260	267	edition	T170	C0441792
28247230	275	315	World Health Organization Classification	T170	C1301142
28247230	319	347	Tumours of the Head and Neck	T191	C0018671
28247230	375	385	oropharynx	T191	C0029295
28247230	402	421	stand-alone chapter	T170	C0005990
28247230	440	450	uniqueness	T080	C1710548
28247230	458	468	oropharynx	T191	C0029295
28247230	478	489	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
28247230	506	515	Chapter 4	T078	C1552857
28247230	524	535	rhabdomyoma	T191	C0035411
28247230	537	548	haemangioma	T191	C0018916
28247230	550	560	schwannoma	T191	C0027809
28247230	562	574	neurofibroma	T191	C0027830
28247230	579	602	myofibroblastic sarcoma	T191	C0334121
28247230	625	636	Soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28247230	641	655	neural tumours	T191	C0027858
28247230	671	685	salivary gland	T023	C0036098
28247230	705	712	reduced	T080	C0392756
28247230	717	725	includes	T052	C2700399
28247230	726	750	mucoepidermoid carcinoma	T191	C0206694
28247230	755	774	pleomorphic adenoma	T191	C0026277
28247230	788	808	salivary gland types	T023	C0036098
28247230	841	864	Haematolymphoid tumours	T191	C0598798
28247230	883	897	salivary gland	T023	C0036098
28247230	912	918	tumors	T191	C0027651
28247230	924	940	commonly present	T033	C0150312
28247230	948	959	oral cavity	T030	C0226896
28247230	977	986	Chapter 4	T078	C1552857
28247230	1021	1035	classification	T170	C1301142
28247230	1044	1065	papillary hyperplasia	T046	C0333984
28247230	1067	1092	median rhomboid glossitis	T019	C0155963
28247230	1094	1109	keratoacanthoma	T191	C0022572
28247230	1111	1131	focal oral mucinosis	T047	C0546384
28247230	1137	1153	secondary tumors	T191	C0027627
28247230	1206	1220	classification	T170	C1301142

28247308|t|Differential Maturation of miR-17 ~ 92 Cluster Members in Human Cancer Cell Lines
28247308|a|While some microRNAs are transcribed from a specific promoter, at least one third of human miRNA genes are clustered, wherein multiple miRNA genes are generated from a single primary transcript such as miR-17 ~ 92 cluster. Although six members of the cluster are generated from a single transcript, the mature level of each member may be diverse in various cell types. Here, we attempt to monitor the mature level of miR-17, miR-92a, and miR-20a from miR-17 ~ 92 cluster in blood (HL60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cells) and Jurkat) and breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) cancer cell lines. Interestingly, different mature levels of the miRNAs were observed in each cell line. While miR-20 was highly matured in HL60 and MDA-iMB-231 cell lines, higher mature level of miR-92a was observed in Jurkat cell line compared to that of miR-20 and miR-17. Further, the mature level of miRNAs was also measured in normal and cancer cell lines. Although the mature level of miR-17 and miR-92a increased in HL60 and Jurkat cell lines, miR-20 expression showed an almost identical level in blood cancer cell lines compared to controls. Conversely, miR-20 mature level significantly increased in breast cancer cell lines whereas the expression level of miR-92a was comparable in MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and MCF-10A cell lines.
28247308	0	12	Differential	T080	C0443199
28247308	13	23	Maturation	T045	C1158729
28247308	27	38	miR-17 ~ 92	T028	C1537713
28247308	39	46	Cluster	T028	C0017258
28247308	47	54	Members	T098	C0680022
28247308	58	63	Human	T016	C0086418
28247308	64	81	Cancer Cell Lines	T025	C0334227
28247308	93	102	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28247308	107	118	transcribed	T045	C0040649
28247308	126	143	specific promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28247308	167	172	human	T016	C0086418
28247308	173	184	miRNA genes	T028	C2825314
28247308	189	198	clustered	T028	C0017258
28247308	217	228	miRNA genes	T028	C2825314
28247308	250	275	single primary transcript	T114,T123	C1136155
28247308	284	303	miR-17 ~ 92 cluster	T028	C1537713
28247308	333	340	cluster	T028	C0017258
28247308	362	379	single transcript	T114	C1519595
28247308	385	391	mature	T079	C0205286
28247308	392	397	level	T080	C0441889
28247308	439	449	cell types	T170	C0449475
28247308	460	467	attempt	T062	C3166483
28247308	483	489	mature	T045	C1158729
28247308	490	495	level	T080	C0441889
28247308	499	505	miR-17	T028	C1537713
28247308	507	514	miR-92a	T028	C1537748
28247308	520	527	miR-20a	T028	C1825998
28247308	533	544	miR-17 ~ 92	T028	C1537713
28247308	545	552	cluster	T028	C0017258
28247308	556	561	blood	T031	C0005767
28247308	563	567	HL60	T025	C1512310
28247308	569	574	human	T016	C0086418
28247308	575	597	promyelocytic leukemia	T191	C2745900
28247308	598	603	cells	T025	C0007634
28247308	609	615	Jurkat	T025	C0376448
28247308	621	627	breast	T023	C0006141
28247308	629	639	MDA-MB-231	T025	C0007634
28247308	644	649	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28247308	651	668	cancer cell lines	T025	C0334227
28247308	695	701	mature	T045	C1158729
28247308	702	708	levels	T080	C0441889
28247308	716	722	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28247308	728	736	observed	T169	C1441672
28247308	745	754	cell line	T025	C0007634
28247308	762	768	miR-20	T028	C1825998
28247308	780	787	matured	T045	C1158729
28247308	791	795	HL60	T025	C1512310
28247308	800	811	MDA-iMB-231	T025	C0007634
28247308	812	822	cell lines	T025	C0007634
28247308	831	837	mature	T045	C1158729
28247308	838	843	level	T080	C0441889
28247308	847	854	miR-92a	T028	C1537748
28247308	859	867	observed	T169	C1441672
28247308	871	887	Jurkat cell line	T025	C0376448
28247308	888	896	compared	T052	C1707455
28247308	908	914	miR-20	T028	C1825998
28247308	919	925	miR-17	T028	C1537713
28247308	940	946	mature	T079	C0205286
28247308	947	952	level	T080	C0441889
28247308	956	962	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28247308	972	980	measured	T080	C0444706
28247308	995	1012	cancer cell lines	T025	C0334227
28247308	1027	1033	mature	T079	C0205286
28247308	1034	1039	level	T080	C0441889
28247308	1043	1049	miR-17	T028	C1537713
28247308	1054	1061	miR-92a	T028	C1537748
28247308	1062	1071	increased	T081	C0205217
28247308	1075	1079	HL60	T025	C1512310
28247308	1084	1101	Jurkat cell lines	T025	C0376448
28247308	1103	1109	miR-20	T028	C1825998
28247308	1110	1120	expression	T045	C0017262
28247308	1138	1147	identical	T080	C0205280
28247308	1148	1153	level	T080	C0441889
28247308	1157	1180	blood cancer cell lines	T025	C0334227
28247308	1181	1189	compared	T052	C1707455
28247308	1193	1201	controls	T080	C0243148
28247308	1215	1221	miR-20	T028	C1825998
28247308	1222	1228	mature	T079	C0205286
28247308	1229	1234	level	T080	C0441889
28247308	1235	1258	significantly increased	T081	C4055637
28247308	1262	1286	breast cancer cell lines	T025	C1512505
28247308	1299	1309	expression	T045	C0017262
28247308	1310	1315	level	T080	C0441889
28247308	1319	1326	miR-92a	T028	C1537748
28247308	1345	1355	MDA-MB-231	T025	C0007634
28247308	1357	1362	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28247308	1368	1375	MCF-10A	T025	C0007634
28247308	1376	1386	cell lines	T025	C0007634

28248564|t|Patient and Therapist Perspectives During the Psychotherapy Termination Process: The Role of Participation and Exploration
28248564|a|This study was the first to examine psychotherapy termination from both therapists' and patients' perspectives by using standardized psychotherapy process measures. Our aim was to examine whether patient participation and therapist exploration during the termination phase of treatment are related to how good and productive the session was. The sample consisted of 30 outpatient adults who had completed the Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Process Scale-Short form (VPPS-S; Smith, Hilsenroth, Baity, & Knowles, 2003) and the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ; Stiles, 1980) during a termination-phase session. These ratings were examined from mutually agreed upon terminations with largely successful outcomes. Higher ratings of patient participation, as rated by both the therapist and patient, were significantly related to patient ratings of how good and productive the session was. Mixed findings were shown for therapist exploration. We provide clinical examples and suggestions for future research to illuminate process elements of psychotherapy termination.
28248564	0	7	Patient	T101	C0030705
28248564	12	21	Therapist	T097	C0871525
28248564	22	34	Perspectives	T078	C1254370
28248564	46	79	Psychotherapy Termination Process	T061	C0033968
28248564	93	106	Participation	T169	C0679823
28248564	111	122	Exploration	T062	C0035168
28248564	151	158	examine	T033	C0332128
28248564	159	184	psychotherapy termination	T061	C0033968
28248564	195	206	therapists'	T097	C0871525
28248564	211	220	patients'	T101	C0030705
28248564	221	233	perspectives	T078	C1254370
28248564	243	255	standardized	T080	C1442989
28248564	256	277	psychotherapy process	T061	C0033968
28248564	278	286	measures	T081	C0079809
28248564	303	310	examine	T033	C0332128
28248564	319	340	patient participation	T058	C0030699
28248564	345	354	therapist	T097	C0871525
28248564	355	366	exploration	T062	C0035168
28248564	378	408	termination phase of treatment	T061	C0087111
28248564	390	408	phase of treatment	UnknownType	C0815181
28248564	428	432	good	T080	C0205170
28248564	437	447	productive	T080	C0205556
28248564	452	459	session	T051	C1883016
28248564	492	502	outpatient	T101	C0029921
28248564	503	509	adults	T100	C0001675
28248564	532	581	Vanderbilt Psychotherapy Process Scale-Short form	T170	C0282574
28248564	583	589	VPPS-S	T170	C0282574
28248564	591	596	Smith	T016	C0086418
28248564	598	608	Hilsenroth	T016	C0086418
28248564	610	615	Baity	T016	C0086418
28248564	619	626	Knowles	T016	C0086418
28248564	642	674	Session Evaluation Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28248564	676	679	SEQ	T170	C0034394
28248564	681	687	Stiles	T016	C0086418
28248564	704	721	termination-phase	T061	C0087111
28248564	722	729	session	T051	C1883016
28248564	737	744	ratings	T052	C0871208
28248564	750	758	examined	T033	C0332128
28248564	785	797	terminations	T061	C0087111
28248564	832	846	Higher ratings	T052	C0871208
28248564	850	871	patient participation	T058	C0030699
28248564	894	903	therapist	T097	C0871525
28248564	908	915	patient	T101	C0030705
28248564	947	954	patient	T101	C0030705
28248564	955	962	ratings	T052	C0871208
28248564	970	974	good	T080	C0205170
28248564	979	989	productive	T080	C0205556
28248564	994	1001	session	T051	C1883016
28248564	1007	1021	Mixed findings	T033	C0243095
28248564	1037	1046	therapist	T097	C0871525
28248564	1047	1058	exploration	T062	C0035168
28248564	1071	1088	clinical examples	T170	C4291896
28248564	1093	1104	suggestions	T078	C1705535
28248564	1109	1115	future	T079	C0016884
28248564	1116	1124	research	T062	C0035168
28248564	1128	1155	illuminate process elements	T080	C0205556
28248564	1159	1184	psychotherapy termination	T061	C0033968

28248975|t|8- year trends in physical activity, nutrition, TV viewing time, smoking, alcohol and BMI: A comparison of younger and older Queensland adults
28248975|a|Lifestyle behaviours significantly contribute to high levels of chronic disease in older adults. The aims of the study were to compare the prevalence and the prevalence trends of health behaviours (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, fast food consumption, TV viewing, smoking and alcohol consumption), BMI and a summary health behaviour indicator score in older (65+ years) versus younger adults (18-65 years). The self-report outcomes were assessed through the Queensland Social Survey annually between 2007-2014 (n = 12,552). Regression analyses were conducted to compare the proportion of older versus younger adults engaging in health behaviours and of healthy weight in all years combined and examine trends in the proportion of younger and older adults engaging in health behaviours and of healthy weight over time. Older adults were more likely to meet recommended intakes of fruit and vegetable (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.23-1.67), not consume fast food (OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 2.25-2.86) and be non-smokers (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 2.53-3.60) in comparison to younger adults. Conversely, older adults were less likely to meet the physical activity recommendations (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.78-0.95) and watch less than 14 hours of TV per week (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.58-0.74). Overall, older adults were more likely to report engaging in 3, or at least 4 out of 5 healthy behaviours. The proportion of both older and younger adults meeting the physical activity recommendations (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95-0.98 and OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.91-0.97 respectively), watching less than 14 hours of TV per week (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.99 and OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.90-0.99 respectively) and who were a healthy weight (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92-0.99 and OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.98 respectively) decreased over time. The proportion of older adults meeting the fruit and vegetable recommendations (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.84-0.96) and not consuming fast food (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.88-0.99) decreased over time. Although older adults meet more health behaviours than younger adults, the decreasing prevalence of healthy nutrition behaviours in this age group needs to be addressed.
28248975	3	7	year	T079	C0439234
28248975	8	14	trends	T079	C1521798
28248975	18	35	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28248975	37	46	nutrition	T033	C0392209
28248975	48	58	TV viewing	T056	C3842703
28248975	59	63	time	T079	C0040223
28248975	65	72	smoking	T055	C0037369
28248975	74	81	alcohol	T055	C0001948
28248975	86	89	BMI	T201	C1305855
28248975	93	103	comparison	T052	C1707455
28248975	107	114	younger	T100	C0238598
28248975	119	124	older	T098	C0001792
28248975	125	135	Queensland	T083	C0034391
28248975	136	142	adults	T100	C0001675
28248975	143	152	Lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28248975	153	163	behaviours	T053	C0004927
28248975	192	196	high	T080	C0205250
28248975	197	203	levels	T080	C0441889
28248975	207	222	chronic disease	T047	C0008679
28248975	226	238	older adults	T098	C0001792
28248975	256	261	study	T062	C2603343
28248975	270	277	compare	T052	C1707455
28248975	282	292	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28248975	301	311	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28248975	312	318	trends	T079	C1521798
28248975	322	339	health behaviours	T055	C0237121
28248975	341	358	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28248975	360	379	fruit and vegetable	T168	C1517323
28248975	380	391	consumption	T052	C2983605
28248975	393	414	fast food consumption	T052	C2983605
28248975	416	426	TV viewing	T056	C3842703
28248975	428	435	smoking	T055	C0037369
28248975	440	459	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28248975	462	465	BMI	T201	C1305855
28248975	472	479	summary	T170	C1706244
28248975	480	496	health behaviour	T055	C0237121
28248975	497	512	indicator score	T033	C0243095
28248975	516	521	older	T098	C0001792
28248975	527	532	years	T079	C0439234
28248975	541	555	younger adults	T100	C0238598
28248975	563	568	years	T079	C0439234
28248975	575	586	self-report	T062	C2700446
28248975	587	595	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28248975	601	609	assessed	T052	C1516048
28248975	622	632	Queensland	T083	C0034391
28248975	633	646	Social Survey	T062	C0681818
28248975	647	655	annually	T079	C0332181
28248975	688	707	Regression analyses	T170	C0034980
28248975	726	733	compare	T052	C1707455
28248975	738	748	proportion	T081	C1709707
28248975	752	757	older	T098	C0001792
28248975	765	779	younger adults	T100	C0238598
28248975	792	809	health behaviours	T055	C0237121
28248975	817	824	healthy	T080	C3898900
28248975	825	831	weight	T032	C0005910
28248975	839	844	years	T079	C0439234
28248975	845	853	combined	T080	C0205195
28248975	858	865	examine	T033	C0243095
28248975	866	872	trends	T079	C1521798
28248975	880	890	proportion	T081	C1709707
28248975	894	901	younger	T100	C0238598
28248975	906	918	older adults	T098	C0001792
28248975	931	948	health behaviours	T055	C0237121
28248975	956	963	healthy	T080	C3898900
28248975	964	970	weight	T032	C0005910
28248975	971	975	over	T079	C0347984
28248975	976	980	time	T079	C0040223
28248975	982	994	Older adults	T098	C0001792
28248975	1020	1031	recommended	T078	C0034866
28248975	1032	1062	intakes of fruit and vegetable	T040	C1271941
28248975	1064	1066	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1079	1081	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1096	1099	not	T033	C1513916
28248975	1100	1117	consume fast food	T052	C2983605
28248975	1119	1121	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1134	1136	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1157	1168	non-smokers	T033	C0337672
28248975	1170	1172	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1185	1187	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1204	1214	comparison	T052	C1707455
28248975	1218	1232	younger adults	T100	C0238598
28248975	1246	1258	older adults	T098	C0001792
28248975	1288	1305	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28248975	1306	1321	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28248975	1323	1325	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1338	1340	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1358	1397	watch less than 14 hours of TV per week	T033	C0243095
28248975	1399	1401	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1414	1416	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1440	1452	older adults	T098	C0001792
28248975	1518	1525	healthy	T080	C3898900
28248975	1526	1536	behaviours	T053	C0004927
28248975	1542	1552	proportion	T081	C1709707
28248975	1561	1566	older	T098	C0001792
28248975	1571	1585	younger adults	T100	C0238598
28248975	1598	1615	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28248975	1616	1631	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28248975	1633	1635	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1648	1650	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1667	1669	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1682	1684	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1712	1754	watching less than 14 hours of TV per week	T033	C0243095
28248975	1756	1758	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1771	1773	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1790	1792	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1805	1807	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1849	1856	healthy	T080	C3898900
28248975	1857	1863	weight	T032	C0005910
28248975	1865	1867	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1880	1882	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1899	1901	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	1914	1916	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	1943	1952	decreased	T081	C0205216
28248975	1953	1957	over	T079	C0347984
28248975	1958	1962	time	T079	C0040223
28248975	1968	1978	proportion	T081	C1709707
28248975	1982	1994	older adults	T098	C0001792
28248975	2007	2026	fruit and vegetable	T168	C1517323
28248975	2027	2042	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28248975	2044	2046	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	2059	2061	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	2079	2082	not	T033	C1513916
28248975	2083	2102	consuming fast food	T052	C2983605
28248975	2104	2106	OR	T081	C0028873
28248975	2119	2121	CI	T081	C0009667
28248975	2135	2144	decreased	T081	C0205216
28248975	2145	2149	over	T079	C0347984
28248975	2150	2154	time	T079	C0040223
28248975	2165	2177	older adults	T098	C0001792
28248975	2188	2205	health behaviours	T055	C0237121
28248975	2211	2225	younger adults	T100	C0238598
28248975	2231	2241	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28248975	2242	2252	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28248975	2256	2263	healthy	T080	C3898900
28248975	2264	2284	nutrition behaviours	T055	C0679785
28248975	2293	2302	age group	T100	C0027362

28249118|t|Antenatal Determinants of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Late Respiratory Disease in Preterm Infants
28249118|a|Rationale/Objectives: To identify antenatal risk factors associated with increased risk for BPD and respiratory disease during early childhood after preterm birth, we performed a prospective, longitudinal study of 587 preterm infants with gestational age <34 weeks and birth weights between 500-1250 grams. Data included perinatal information and assessments during the NICU admission and longitudinal follow-up by questionnaire until 2 years of age. After adjusting for covariates, maternal smoking prior to preterm birth increased the odds of having an infant with BPD by 2-fold(p=0.02). Maternal smoking was associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation and respiratory support during the NICU admission. Pre-existing hypertension was associated with a 2-fold(p=0.04) increase in odds for BPD. Lower gestational age and birth weight z-scores were associated with BPD. Preterm infants who were exposed to maternal smoking had higher rates of late respiratory disease during childhood. 22% of infants diagnosed with BPD and 34% of preterm infants without BPD had no clinical signs of late respiratory disease during early childhood. We conclude that maternal smoking and hypertension increase the odds for developing BPD after preterm birth, and that maternal smoking is strongly associated with increased odds for late respiratory morbidities during early childhood. These findings suggest that in addition to the BPD diagnosis at 36 weeks, other factors modulate late respiratory outcomes during childhood. We speculate that measures to reduce maternal smoking will not only lower the risk for preterm birth but also will improve late respiratory morbidities after preterm birth.
28249118	0	9	Antenatal	T079	C2828394
28249118	10	22	Determinants	T169	C1521761
28249118	26	52	Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia	T047	C0006287
28249118	57	81	Late Respiratory Disease	T047	C0035204
28249118	85	100	Preterm Infants	T100	C4048294
28249118	101	121	Rationale/Objectives	T170	C0018017
28249118	135	144	antenatal	T079	C2828394
28249118	145	157	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28249118	158	173	associated with	T080	C0332281
28249118	174	188	increased risk	T033	C0332167
28249118	193	196	BPD	T047	C0006287
28249118	201	220	respiratory disease	T047	C0035204
28249118	228	243	early childhood	T079	C0599196
28249118	250	263	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
28249118	268	277	performed	T169	C0884358
28249118	280	291	prospective	T062	C0033522
28249118	293	311	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
28249118	319	334	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28249118	340	355	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28249118	370	383	birth weights	T032	C0005612
28249118	408	412	Data	T078	C1511726
28249118	422	431	perinatal	T079	C0178795
28249118	432	443	information	T078	C1533716
28249118	448	459	assessments	T058	C1261322
28249118	471	485	NICU admission	T058	C2148604
28249118	490	512	longitudinal follow-up	T062	C0023981
28249118	516	529	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28249118	572	582	covariates	T081	C1705098
28249118	584	600	maternal smoking	T033	C4062861
28249118	601	606	prior	T079	C0332152
28249118	610	623	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
28249118	624	633	increased	T169	C0442805
28249118	638	642	odds	T081	C0392762
28249118	656	662	infant	T100	C0021270
28249118	668	671	BPD	T047	C0006287
28249118	691	707	Maternal smoking	T033	C4062861
28249118	712	727	associated with	T080	C0332281
28249118	728	737	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28249118	738	760	mechanical ventilation	T061	C0199470
28249118	765	784	respiratory support	T074	C0221802
28249118	796	810	NICU admission	T058	C2148604
28249118	812	837	Pre-existing hypertension	T033	C2114056
28249118	842	857	associated with	T080	C0332281
28249118	875	883	increase	T169	C0442805
28249118	887	891	odds	T081	C0392762
28249118	896	899	BPD	T047	C0006287
28249118	907	922	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28249118	927	939	birth weight	T032	C0005612
28249118	940	948	z-scores	T081	C0871421
28249118	954	969	associated with	T080	C0332281
28249118	970	973	BPD	T047	C0006287
28249118	975	990	Preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28249118	1000	1010	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28249118	1011	1027	maternal smoking	T033	C4062861
28249118	1032	1038	higher	T080	C0205250
28249118	1039	1044	rates	T081	C1521828
28249118	1048	1072	late respiratory disease	T047	C0035204
28249118	1080	1089	childhood	T079	C0231335
28249118	1098	1105	infants	T100	C0021270
28249118	1106	1115	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28249118	1121	1124	BPD	T047	C0006287
28249118	1136	1151	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28249118	1160	1163	BPD	T047	C0006287
28249118	1171	1185	clinical signs	T033	C3540840
28249118	1189	1213	late respiratory disease	T047	C0035204
28249118	1221	1236	early childhood	T079	C0599196
28249118	1255	1271	maternal smoking	T033	C4062861
28249118	1276	1288	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28249118	1289	1297	increase	T169	C0442805
28249118	1302	1306	odds	T081	C0392762
28249118	1322	1325	BPD	T047	C0006287
28249118	1332	1345	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
28249118	1356	1372	maternal smoking	T033	C4062861
28249118	1385	1400	associated with	T080	C0332281
28249118	1401	1410	increased	T169	C0442805
28249118	1411	1415	odds	T081	C0392762
28249118	1420	1448	late respiratory morbidities	T047	C1301752
28249118	1456	1471	early childhood	T079	C0599196
28249118	1501	1515	in addition to	T169	C0332287
28249118	1520	1523	BPD	T047	C0006287
28249118	1524	1533	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28249118	1553	1560	factors	T169	C1521761
28249118	1561	1569	modulate	T082	C0443264
28249118	1570	1595	late respiratory outcomes	T047	C0035204
28249118	1603	1612	childhood	T079	C0231335
28249118	1632	1640	measures	T169	C1879489
28249118	1644	1650	reduce	T080	C0392756
28249118	1651	1667	maternal smoking	T033	C4062861
28249118	1682	1687	lower	T052	C2003888
28249118	1692	1696	risk	T078	C0035647
28249118	1701	1714	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
28249118	1729	1736	improve	T033	C0184511
28249118	1737	1765	late respiratory morbidities	T047	C1301752
28249118	1772	1785	preterm birth	T033	C0151526

28249160|t|Loss of Snf5 Induces Formation of an Aberrant SWI/SNF Complex
28249160|a|The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex is highly conserved from yeast to human, and aberrant SWI/SNF complexes contribute to human disease. The Snf5/SMARCB1/INI1 subunit of SWI/SNF is a tumor suppressor frequently lost in pediatric rhabdoid cancers. We examined the effects of Snf5 loss on the composition, nucleosome binding, recruitment, and remodeling activities of yeast SWI/SNF. The Snf5 subunit is shown by crosslinking-mass spectrometry (CX-MS) and subunit deletion analysis to interact with the ATPase domain of Snf2 and to form a submodule consisting of Snf5, Swp82, and Taf14. Snf5 promotes binding of the Snf2 ATPase domain to nucleosomal DNA and enhances the catalytic and nucleosome remodeling activities of SWI/SNF. Snf5 is also required for SWI/SNF recruitment by acidic transcription factors. RNA-seq analysis suggests that both the recruitment and remodeling functions of Snf5 are required in vivo for SWI/SNF regulation of gene expression. Thus, loss of SNF5 alters the structure and function of SWI/SNF.
28249160	0	4	Loss	T081	C1517945
28249160	8	12	Snf5	T028	C0812273
28249160	13	20	Induces	T169	C0205263
28249160	21	30	Formation	T169	C1522492
28249160	37	45	Aberrant	T080	C0443127
28249160	46	61	SWI/SNF Complex	T026	C1167093
28249160	66	73	SWI/SNF	T026	C1167093
28249160	74	102	chromatin remodeling complex	T026	C1167087
28249160	128	133	yeast	T004	C0043393
28249160	137	142	human	T016	C0086418
28249160	148	156	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28249160	157	174	SWI/SNF complexes	T026	C1167093
28249160	189	194	human	T016	C0086418
28249160	195	202	disease	T047	C0012634
28249160	208	225	Snf5/SMARCB1/INI1	T028	C0812273
28249160	226	233	subunit	T081	C1711351
28249160	237	244	SWI/SNF	T026	C1167093
28249160	250	266	tumor suppressor	T028	C0079427
28249160	278	282	lost	T169	C0745777
28249160	286	295	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28249160	296	312	rhabdoid cancers	T191	C0206743
28249160	330	340	effects of	T080	C1704420
28249160	341	345	Snf5	T028	C0812273
28249160	346	350	loss	T081	C1517945
28249160	358	369	composition	T033	C0243095
28249160	371	389	nucleosome binding	T045	C1623159
28249160	433	438	yeast	T004	C0043393
28249160	439	446	SWI/SNF	T026	C1167093
28249160	452	456	Snf5	T028	C0812273
28249160	457	464	subunit	T081	C1711351
28249160	477	507	crosslinking-mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28249160	509	514	CX-MS	T059	C0037813
28249160	520	527	subunit	T081	C1711351
28249160	528	545	deletion analysis	T059	C1294202
28249160	567	580	ATPase domain	T087	C1510701
28249160	584	588	Snf2	T116,T123	C0246454
28249160	603	612	submodule	T044	C1959595
28249160	627	631	Snf5	T028	C0812273
28249160	633	638	Swp82	T028	C0017337
28249160	644	649	Taf14	T028	C0017337
28249160	651	655	Snf5	T028	C0812273
28249160	665	672	binding	T045	C1623159
28249160	680	684	Snf2	T116,T123	C0246454
28249160	685	698	ATPase domain	T087	C1510701
28249160	702	717	nucleosomal DNA	T045	C1623161
28249160	785	792	SWI/SNF	T026	C1167093
28249160	794	798	Snf5	T028	C0812273
28249160	820	827	SWI/SNF	T026	C1167093
28249160	843	871	acidic transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
28249160	873	889	RNA-seq analysis	T059,T063	C0162803
28249160	953	957	Snf5	T028	C0812273
28249160	971	978	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28249160	983	990	SWI/SNF	T026	C1167093
28249160	991	1020	regulation of gene expression	T045	C0017263
28249160	1028	1032	loss	T081	C1517945
28249160	1036	1040	SNF5	T028	C0812273
28249160	1052	1061	structure	T082	C0678594
28249160	1066	1074	function	T169	C0542341
28249160	1078	1085	SWI/SNF	T026	C1167093

28249376|t|Effects of a specific blend of essential oils on apparent nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation and rumen microbial populations in sheep fed a 50:50 alfalfa hay: concentrate diet
28249376|a|An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a specific mixture of essential oils (MEO), containing thyme, clove and cinnamon EO, on rumen microbial fermentation, nutrient apparent digestibility and blood metabolites in fistulated sheep. Six sheep fitted with ruminal fistulas were used in a repeated measurement design with two 24-d periods to investigate the effect of adding MEO at 0 (control), 0.8, and 1.6 mL/d on apparent nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial population and blood chemical metabolites. Animals were fed with a 50:50 alfalfa hay: concentrate diet. Ruminal pH, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration, molar proportion of individual VFA, acetate: propionate ratio and methane production were not affected with MEO. Relative to the control, Small peptides plus amino acid nitrogen and large peptides nitrogen concentration in rumen fluid were not affected with MEO supplementation; while, rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen concentration at 0 and 6 h after morning feeding in sheep fed with 1.6 mL/d of MEO was lower (p<0.05) compared to the control and 0.8 mL/d of MEO. At 0 h after morning feeding, ammonia nitrogen concentration was higher (p<0.05) in sheep fed 0.8 mL/d of MEO relative to 1.6 mL/d and control diet. Ruminal protozoa and hyper ammonia producing (HAP) bacteria counts were not affected by addition of MEO in the diet. Relative to the control, no changes were observed in the red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, glucose, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, blood urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase concentration. Apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, crude proten, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber were not influenced by MEO supplementation. The results of the present study suggested that supplementation of MEO may have limited effects on apparent nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation and protozoa and HAP bacteria count, blood cells and metabolites.
28249376	0	7	Effects	T080	C1280500
28249376	13	27	specific blend	T167	C0439861
28249376	31	45	essential oils	T109	C0028910
28249376	49	57	apparent	T078	C0750489
28249376	58	66	nutrient	T168	C0678695
28249376	67	76	digestion	T040	C0012238
28249376	78	83	rumen	T023	C0035946
28249376	84	96	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28249376	101	106	rumen	T023	C0035946
28249376	107	128	microbial populations	T001	C0599840
28249376	132	137	sheep	T015	C0036945
28249376	150	161	alfalfa hay	T002	C2827434
28249376	163	179	concentrate diet	T168	C0012155
28249376	183	193	experiment	T062	C0205664
28249376	211	222	investigate	T169	C1292732
28249376	227	234	effects	T080	C1280500
28249376	249	256	mixture	T167	C0439962
28249376	260	274	essential oils	T109	C0028910
28249376	276	279	MEO	T109	C0028910
28249376	293	298	thyme	T109,T168	C0304119
28249376	300	305	clove	T109,T121,T168	C0028906
28249376	310	321	cinnamon EO	T109,T168	C0301249
28249376	326	331	rumen	T023	C0035946
28249376	332	354	microbial fermentation	T044	C0015852
28249376	356	364	nutrient	T168	C0678695
28249376	365	373	apparent	T078	C0750489
28249376	374	387	digestibility	T033	C0243095
28249376	392	397	blood	T031	C0005767
28249376	398	409	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28249376	413	429	fistulated sheep	T015	C0036945
28249376	435	440	sheep	T015	C0036945
28249376	453	469	ruminal fistulas	T190	C0302142
28249376	485	512	repeated measurement design	T170	C0282574
28249376	527	534	periods	T079	C0439531
28249376	554	560	effect	T080	C1280500
28249376	571	574	MEO	T109	C0028910
28249376	612	620	apparent	T078	C0750489
28249376	621	629	nutrient	T168	C0678695
28249376	630	643	digestibility	T033	C0243095
28249376	645	650	rumen	T023	C0035946
28249376	651	663	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28249376	664	679	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28249376	681	686	rumen	T023	C0035946
28249376	687	707	microbial population	T001	C0599840
28249376	712	717	blood	T031	C0005767
28249376	718	738	chemical metabolites	T123	C0870883
28249376	740	747	Animals	T008	C0003062
28249376	770	781	alfalfa hay	T002	C2827434
28249376	783	799	concentrate diet	T168	C0012155
28249376	801	811	Ruminal pH	T081	C0020283
28249376	819	839	volatile fatty acids	T109,T123	C0015691
28249376	841	844	VFA	T109,T123	C0015691
28249376	846	859	concentration	T081	C0392762
28249376	861	891	molar proportion of individual	T081	C0392762
28249376	892	895	VFA	T109,T123	C0015691
28249376	897	922	acetate: propionate ratio	T081	C0392762
28249376	927	945	methane production	T040	C1855163
28249376	969	972	MEO	T109	C0028910
28249376	990	997	control	T096	C0009932
28249376	999	1013	Small peptides	T116	C0030956
28249376	999	1038	Small peptides plus amino acid nitrogen	T081	C0392762
28249376	1043	1057	large peptides	T116	C0030956
28249376	1043	1080	large peptides nitrogen concentration	T081	C0392762
28249376	1084	1095	rumen fluid	T031	C0227245
28249376	1119	1122	MEO	T109	C0028910
28249376	1123	1138	supplementation	T061	C0242297
28249376	1147	1158	rumen fluid	T031	C0227245
28249376	1159	1166	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
28249376	1176	1189	concentration	T081	C0392762
28249376	1209	1224	morning feeding	T052	C2987508
28249376	1228	1233	sheep	T015	C0036945
28249376	1255	1258	MEO	T109	C0028910
28249376	1294	1301	control	T096	C0009932
28249376	1318	1321	MEO	T109	C0028910
28249376	1336	1351	morning feeding	T052	C2987508
28249376	1353	1360	ammonia	T121,T197	C0002607
28249376	1361	1383	nitrogen concentration	T081	C0392762
28249376	1407	1412	sheep	T015	C0036945
28249376	1429	1432	MEO	T109	C0028910
28249376	1458	1465	control	T096	C0009932
28249376	1466	1470	diet	T168	C0012155
28249376	1472	1488	Ruminal protozoa	T204	C0033739
28249376	1493	1531	hyper ammonia producing (HAP) bacteria	T007	C0004611
28249376	1532	1538	counts	T059	C0004618
28249376	1572	1575	MEO	T109	C0028910
28249376	1583	1587	diet	T168	C0012155
28249376	1605	1612	control	T096	C0009932
28249376	1646	1649	red	T059	C0014772
28249376	1654	1671	white blood cells	T034	C0427512
28249376	1673	1683	hemoglobin	T059	C0518015
28249376	1685	1695	hematocrit	T033	C0518014
28249376	1697	1704	glucose	T059	C0337438
28249376	1706	1730	beta-hydroxybutyric acid	T109	C0047456
28249376	1732	1743	cholesterol	T059	C0201950
28249376	1745	1758	total protein	T059	C0555903
28249376	1760	1767	albumin	T059	C0201838
28249376	1769	1788	blood urea nitrogen	T059	C0005845
28249376	1793	1819	aspartate aminotransferase	T059	C0201899
28249376	1824	1848	alanine aminotransferase	T059	C0201836
28249376	1849	1862	concentration	T081	C0392762
28249376	1864	1872	Apparent	T078	C0750489
28249376	1873	1898	total tract digestibility	T033	C0243095
28249376	1902	1912	dry matter	T167	C0439861
28249376	1914	1926	crude proten	T116,T123	C0033684
28249376	1928	1942	organic matter	T167	C0439861
28249376	1948	1971	neutral detergent fiber	T167	C0439861
28249376	1995	1998	MEO	T109	C0028910
28249376	1999	2014	supplementation	T061	C0242297
28249376	2064	2079	supplementation	T061	C0242297
28249376	2083	2086	MEO	T109	C0028910
28249376	2096	2111	limited effects	T080	C1280500
28249376	2115	2123	apparent	T078	C0750489
28249376	2124	2132	nutrient	T168	C0678695
28249376	2133	2146	digestibility	T033	C0243095
28249376	2148	2168	ruminal fermentation	T044	C0015852
28249376	2173	2181	protozoa	T204	C0033739
28249376	2186	2198	HAP bacteria	T007	C0004611
28249376	2199	2204	count	T059	C0004618
28249376	2206	2217	blood cells	T025	C0005773
28249376	2222	2233	metabolites	T123	C0870883

28249723|t|High throughput selection of antibiotic-resistant transgenic Arabidopsis plants
28249723|a|Kanamycin resistance is the most frequently used antibiotic-resistance marker for Arabidopsis transformations, however, this method frequently causes escape of untransformed plants, particularly at the high seedling density during the selection. Here we developed a robust high - density selection method using top agar for Arabidopsis thaliana. Top agar effectively suppressed growth of untransformed wild-type plants on selection media at high density. Survival of the transformed plants during the selection were confirmed by production of green true leaves and expression of a firefly luciferase reporter gene. Top agar method allowed selection using a large amount of seeds in Arabidopsis transformation.
28249723	0	15	High throughput	T060	C0872186
28249723	16	25	selection	T052	C1707391
28249723	29	49	antibiotic-resistant	T032	C0949285
28249723	50	60	transgenic	T002	C0085245
28249723	61	79	Arabidopsis plants	T002	C0162741
28249723	80	89	Kanamycin	T109,T195	C0022487
28249723	90	100	resistance	T032	C0949285
28249723	108	112	most	T081	C0205393
28249723	113	123	frequently	T079	C0332183
28249723	129	150	antibiotic-resistance	T032	C0949285
28249723	151	157	marker	T201	C0005516
28249723	162	173	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
28249723	174	189	transformations	T039	C3714584
28249723	205	211	method	T170	C0025663
28249723	212	222	frequently	T079	C0332183
28249723	230	236	escape	T055	C0014832
28249723	240	260	untransformed plants	T002	C0032098
28249723	282	286	high	T080	C0205250
28249723	287	295	seedling	T002	C0242437
28249723	296	303	density	T081	C0178587
28249723	315	324	selection	T052	C1707391
28249723	334	343	developed	T169	C1527148
28249723	346	352	robust	T080	C2986815
28249723	353	357	high	T080	C0205250
28249723	360	367	density	T081	C0178587
28249723	368	377	selection	T052	C1707391
28249723	378	384	method	T170	C0025663
28249723	391	394	top	T082	C1704458
28249723	395	399	agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28249723	404	424	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
28249723	426	429	Top	T082	C1704458
28249723	430	434	agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28249723	435	446	effectively	T080	C1704419
28249723	447	457	suppressed	T080	C0443189
28249723	458	464	growth	T039	C0220844
28249723	468	498	untransformed wild-type plants	T002	C0330098
28249723	502	511	selection	T052	C1707391
28249723	512	517	media	T130	C0010454
28249723	521	525	high	T080	C0205250
28249723	526	533	density	T081	C0178587
28249723	535	543	Survival	T052	C0038952
28249723	551	562	transformed	T039	C3714584
28249723	563	569	plants	T002	C0032098
28249723	581	590	selection	T052	C1707391
28249723	596	605	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28249723	623	628	green	T080	C0332583
28249723	629	633	true	T080	C0205238
28249723	634	640	leaves	T002	C0242724
28249723	645	655	expression	T045	C0017262
28249723	661	679	firefly luciferase	T116,T126	C0311727
28249723	680	693	reporter gene	T028	C0206414
28249723	695	698	Top	T082	C1704458
28249723	699	703	agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28249723	704	710	method	T170	C0025663
28249723	719	728	selection	T052	C1707391
28249723	737	742	large	T081	C0549177
28249723	743	749	amount	T081	C1265611
28249723	753	758	seeds	T002	C0036563
28249723	762	773	Arabidopsis	T002	C0162741
28249723	774	788	transformation	T039	C3714584

28249785|t|Identifying the presence of Parkinson's disease using low-frequency fluctuations in BOLD signals
28249785|a|Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, and degenerative neurological disorder that is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of intracellular Lewy inclusion bodies. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) has demonstrated evidence of changes in metabolic patterns in individuals with PD. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of PD could be " predicted " based on resting fluctuations in the blood oxygenation level dependent signal. We utilized RS-fMRI to measure the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and the fractional ALFF (fALFF) in 51 patients with PD and 50 age - and sex -matched healthy controls. Compared with the healthy controls, the individuals with PD exhibited altered ALFFs in the bilateral lingual gyrus and left putamen and an altered fALFF in the right cerebellum posterior lobe. Support vector machines (SVMs), which comprise a supervised pattern recognition method that enables predictions at the individual level, were trained to separate individuals with PD from healthy controls based on the ALFF and fALFF. Using the leave-one-out cross-validation method to analyze our sample, we reliably distinguished the participants with PD from the controls with 92% sensitivity and 87% specificity. Overall, these findings suggest that the SVM - neuroimaging approach may be of particular clinical value because it enables the accurate identification of PD at the individual level. RS-fMRI should be considered for development as a biomarker and an analytical tool for the evaluation of PD.
28249785	16	24	presence	T033	C0150312
28249785	28	47	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28249785	54	67	low-frequency	T079	C0205213
28249785	68	80	fluctuations	T184	C0231239
28249785	84	96	BOLD signals	T060	C1705491
28249785	97	116	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28249785	118	120	PD	T047	C0030567
28249785	127	134	chronic	T079	C0205191
28249785	136	147	progressive	T169	C0205329
28249785	153	165	degenerative	T169	C1880269
28249785	166	187	neurological disorder	T047	C0027765
28249785	196	209	characterized	T052	C1880022
28249785	217	229	degeneration	T169	C1880269
28249785	233	249	dopamine neurons	T025	C1512035
28249785	257	273	substantia nigra	T023	C0038590
28249785	282	291	formation	T169	C1522492
28249785	295	308	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28249785	309	330	Lewy inclusion bodies	T026	C0085200
28249785	332	383	Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C4288291
28249785	385	392	RS-fMRI	T060	C4288291
28249785	411	419	evidence	T078	C3887511
28249785	434	443	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28249785	444	452	patterns	T082	C0449774
28249785	456	467	individuals	T098	C0237401
28249785	473	475	PD	T047	C0030567
28249785	481	488	purpose	T169	C1285529
28249785	497	502	study	T062	C2603343
28249785	532	540	presence	T033	C0150312
28249785	544	546	PD	T047	C0030567
28249785	558	567	predicted	T078	C0681842
28249785	587	599	fluctuations	T184	C0231239
28249785	607	647	blood oxygenation level dependent signal	T042	C1655730
28249785	661	668	RS-fMRI	T060	C4288291
28249785	684	693	amplitude	T082	C2346753
28249785	697	710	low-frequency	T079	C0205213
28249785	711	722	fluctuation	T184	C0231239
28249785	724	728	ALFF	T184	C0231239
28249785	749	753	ALFF	T184	C0231239
28249785	755	760	fALFF	T184	C0231239
28249785	768	776	patients	T101	C0030705
28249785	782	784	PD	T047	C0030567
28249785	792	795	age	T032	C0001779
28249785	802	805	sex	T032	C1522384
28249785	815	831	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28249785	851	867	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28249785	873	884	individuals	T098	C0237401
28249785	890	892	PD	T047	C0030567
28249785	911	916	ALFFs	T184	C0231239
28249785	924	933	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28249785	934	947	lingual gyrus	T023	C0152308
28249785	952	964	left putamen	T023	C2334169
28249785	980	985	fALFF	T184	C0231239
28249785	993	1024	right cerebellum posterior lobe	T029	C2953249
28249785	1026	1049	Support vector machines	T081	C2699740
28249785	1051	1055	SVMs	T081	C2699740
28249785	1086	1105	pattern recognition	T041	C1518918
28249785	1106	1112	method	T170	C0025663
28249785	1126	1137	predictions	T078	C0681842
28249785	1145	1155	individual	T098	C0237401
28249785	1156	1161	level	T080	C0441889
28249785	1188	1199	individuals	T098	C0237401
28249785	1205	1207	PD	T047	C0030567
28249785	1213	1229	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28249785	1243	1247	ALFF	T184	C0231239
28249785	1252	1257	fALFF	T184	C0231239
28249785	1283	1306	cross-validation method	T062	C0681935
28249785	1310	1317	analyze	T062	C0936012
28249785	1322	1328	sample	T167	C0370003
28249785	1360	1372	participants	T098	C0679646
28249785	1378	1380	PD	T047	C0030567
28249785	1390	1398	controls	T096	C0009932
28249785	1408	1419	sensitivity	T080	C2349185
28249785	1428	1439	specificity	T081	C0037791
28249785	1456	1464	findings	T169	C2607943
28249785	1482	1485	SVM	T081	C2699740
28249785	1488	1500	neuroimaging	T060	C0679575
28249785	1531	1539	clinical	T080	C0205210
28249785	1596	1598	PD	T047	C0030567
28249785	1606	1616	individual	T098	C0237401
28249785	1617	1622	level	T080	C0441889
28249785	1624	1631	RS-fMRI	T060	C4288291
28249785	1657	1668	development	T169	C1527148
28249785	1674	1683	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28249785	1715	1725	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28249785	1729	1731	PD	T047	C0030567

28249880|t|The bumper technique for advancing a large profile microcatheter
28249880|a|Operators commonly encounter difficulty maneuvering a microcatheter beyond the distal lip of wide neck aneurysms and aneurysms in challenging locations. Few techniques have been described to guide operators in these particular situations. In this case report of a 56- year -old woman with a 16 mm ophthalmic artery aneurysm, the microcatheter continually snagged the distal aneurysm lip, preventing delivery of a flow diverter into the distal parent vessel. In troubleshooting this obstacle, a second microguidewire was introduced alongside the microcatheter and was used to cover the distal lip of the aneurysm to prevent further snagging. The second guidewire successfully deflected the microcatheter into the distal vessel, a technique that we have aptly dubbed the ' bumper technique '.
28249880	4	20	bumper technique	T169	C0449851
28249880	51	64	microcatheter	T074	C0085590
28249880	65	74	Operators	T098	C1705274
28249880	75	83	commonly	T081	C0205214
28249880	105	116	maneuvering	T061	C0947647
28249880	119	132	microcatheter	T074	C0085590
28249880	144	167	distal lip of wide neck	T082	C1254362
28249880	168	177	aneurysms	T047	C0002940
28249880	182	191	aneurysms	T047	C0002940
28249880	207	216	locations	T029	C1515974
28249880	222	232	techniques	T169	C0449851
28249880	262	271	operators	T098	C1705274
28249880	292	302	situations	T169	C0868928
28249880	312	323	case report	T170	C0007320
28249880	333	337	year	T079	C1510829
28249880	343	348	woman	T098	C0043210
28249880	362	388	ophthalmic artery aneurysm	T047	C2012941
28249880	394	407	microcatheter	T074	C0085590
28249880	420	427	snagged	T037	C3203359
28249880	432	438	distal	T082	C0205108
28249880	439	451	aneurysm lip	T082	C1254362
28249880	453	463	preventing	T169	C1292733
28249880	464	472	delivery	T169	C1705822
28249880	478	491	flow diverter	T074	C0025080
28249880	501	507	distal	T082	C0205108
28249880	508	521	parent vessel	T023	C0005847
28249880	547	555	obstacle	T033	C0033213
28249880	566	580	microguidewire	T074	C0025080
28249880	585	595	introduced	T169	C1292748
28249880	610	623	microcatheter	T074	C0085590
28249880	650	660	distal lip	T082	C1254362
28249880	668	676	aneurysm	T047	C0002940
28249880	680	687	prevent	T169	C1292733
28249880	717	726	guidewire	T074	C0025080
28249880	754	767	microcatheter	T074	C0085590
28249880	777	783	distal	T082	C0205108
28249880	784	790	vessel	T023	C0005847
28249880	794	803	technique	T169	C0449851
28249880	836	852	bumper technique	T169	C0449851

28249926|t|The A312 Allele (c.280A>T) Is Responsible for the Weak A Phenotype
28249926|a|The ABO*A312 allele was found in a 71- year-old Korean male with ABO discrepancy and in his two sons. Although the ABO*A312 allele (c.280A>T, I94F) in an AwB case was registered in GenBank, the impact of the I94F mutation of the ABO gene on the activity of A transferase has not been studied. Transient transfection experiments were performed in HeLa cells using A101, A102, and A312 alleles synthesized by site-directed mutagenesis, and the functional expression level of A antigen was assessed by flow cytometry. The results showed that the A102 and A312 alleles expressed A antigen levels that were 80.28% and 19.32%, respectively, of that of the A101 allele. Our study results demonstrate that the c.280A>T variant is responsible for the weakened expression of A antigen.
28249926	4	26	A312 Allele (c.280A>T)	T028	C0002085
28249926	30	41	Responsible	T033	C1273518
28249926	50	66	Weak A Phenotype	T129	C0021054
28249926	71	86	ABO*A312 allele	T028	C0002085
28249926	106	114	year-old	T079	C1510829
28249926	115	121	Korean	T098	C1556095
28249926	122	126	male	T098	C0025266
28249926	132	135	ABO	T028	C1412099
28249926	136	147	discrepancy	T033	C1290905
28249926	163	167	sons	T099	C0037683
28249926	182	214	ABO*A312 allele (c.280A>T, I94F)	T028	C0002085
28249926	221	229	AwB case	T077	C1706256
28249926	248	255	GenBank	T170	C0598211
28249926	275	288	I94F mutation	T045	C0026882
28249926	296	304	ABO gene	T028	C1412099
28249926	312	320	activity	T044	C0243102
28249926	324	337	A transferase	T116,T126	C0040676
28249926	360	394	Transient transfection experiments	T059	C0022885
28249926	413	423	HeLa cells	T025	C0018873
28249926	430	434	A101	T028	C0002085
28249926	436	440	A102	T028	C0002085
28249926	446	458	A312 alleles	T028	C0002085
28249926	474	499	site-directed mutagenesis	T045	C0079870
28249926	509	519	functional	T169	C0205245
28249926	520	536	expression level	T081	C3244092
28249926	540	549	A antigen	T129	C0348042
28249926	554	562	assessed	T052	C1516048
28249926	566	580	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28249926	610	614	A102	T028	C0002085
28249926	619	631	A312 alleles	T028	C0002085
28249926	632	641	expressed	T045	C0017262
28249926	642	651	A antigen	T129	C0348042
28249926	652	658	levels	T080	C0441889
28249926	717	728	A101 allele	T028	C0002085
28249926	769	785	c.280A>T variant	T028	C0678941
28249926	809	817	weakened	T080	C1762617
28249926	818	828	expression	T045	C0017262
28249926	832	841	A antigen	T129	C0348042

28250022|t|Pediatric and Adult Physician Networks in Affordable Care Act Marketplace Plans
28250022|a|To describe and compare pediatric and adult specialty physician networks in marketplace plans. Data on physician networks, including physician specialty and address, in all 2014 individual marketplace silver plans were aggregated. Networks were quantified as the fraction of providers in the underlying rating area within a state that participated in the network. Narrow networks included none available networks (ie, no providers available in the underlying area) and limited networks (ie, included <10% of the available providers in the underlying area). Proportions of narrow networks between pediatric and adult specialty providers were compared. Among the 1836 unique silver plan networks, the proportions of narrow networks were greater for pediatric (65.9%) than adult specialty (34.9%) networks (P < .001 for all specialties). Specialties with the highest proportion of narrow networks for children were infectious disease (77.4%) and nephrology (74.0%), and they were highest for adults in psychiatry (49.8%) and endocrinology (40.8%). A larger proportion of pediatric networks (43.8%) had no available specialists in the underlying area when compared with adult networks (10.4%) (P < .001 for all specialties). Among networks with available specialists in the underlying area, a higher proportion of pediatric (39.3%) than adult (27.3%) specialist networks were limited (P < .001 except psychiatry). Narrow networks were more prevalent among pediatric than adult specialists, because of both the sparseness of pediatric specialists and their exclusion from networks. Understanding narrow networks and marketplace network adequacy standards is a necessary beginning to monitor access to care for children and families.
28250022	0	9	Pediatric	T097	C0586905
28250022	14	19	Adult	T100	C0001675
28250022	20	29	Physician	T097	C1508822
28250022	30	38	Networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	53	79	Care Act Marketplace Plans	T170	C0679933
28250022	96	103	compare	T052	C1707455
28250022	104	113	pediatric	T097	C0586905
28250022	118	123	adult	T100	C0001675
28250022	124	143	specialty physician	T097	C1508822
28250022	144	152	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	156	173	marketplace plans	T170	C0679933
28250022	175	179	Data	T078	C1511726
28250022	183	192	physician	T097	C0031831
28250022	193	201	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	213	222	physician	T097	C0031831
28250022	223	232	specialty	T091	C0037778
28250022	237	244	address	T170	C1442065
28250022	258	268	individual	T098	C0237401
28250022	269	293	marketplace silver plans	T170	C0679933
28250022	311	319	Networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	355	364	providers	T097	C1508822
28250022	372	394	underlying rating area	T083	C0017446
28250022	404	409	state	T083	C1301808
28250022	435	442	network	T169	C1882071
28250022	444	459	Narrow networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	484	492	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	501	510	providers	T097	C1508822
28250022	528	543	underlying area	T083	C0017446
28250022	549	556	limited	T169	C0439801
28250022	557	565	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	602	611	providers	T097	C1508822
28250022	619	634	underlying area	T083	C0017446
28250022	652	667	narrow networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	676	685	pediatric	T097	C0586905
28250022	690	695	adult	T100	C0001675
28250022	696	715	specialty providers	T097	C1508822
28250022	721	729	compared	T052	C1707455
28250022	746	752	unique	T080	C1710548
28250022	753	764	silver plan	T170	C0679933
28250022	765	773	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	794	809	narrow networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	827	836	pediatric	T097	C0586905
28250022	850	855	adult	T100	C0001675
28250022	856	865	specialty	T097	C1508822
28250022	874	882	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	901	912	specialties	T097	C1508822
28250022	915	926	Specialties	T097	C1508822
28250022	958	973	narrow networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	978	986	children	T100	C0008059
28250022	992	1010	infectious disease	T091	C1273849
28250022	1023	1033	nephrology	T091	C0027712
28250022	1069	1075	adults	T100	C0001675
28250022	1079	1089	psychiatry	T091	C0033873
28250022	1102	1115	endocrinology	T091	C0014137
28250022	1148	1157	pediatric	T097	C0586905
28250022	1158	1166	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	1192	1203	specialists	T097	C1508822
28250022	1211	1226	underlying area	T083	C0017446
28250022	1232	1240	compared	T052	C1707455
28250022	1246	1251	adult	T100	C0001675
28250022	1252	1260	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	1287	1298	specialties	T097	C1508822
28250022	1307	1315	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	1331	1342	specialists	T097	C1508822
28250022	1350	1365	underlying area	T083	C0017446
28250022	1390	1399	pediatric	T097	C0586905
28250022	1413	1418	adult	T100	C0001675
28250022	1427	1437	specialist	T097	C1508822
28250022	1438	1446	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	1452	1459	limited	T169	C0439801
28250022	1477	1487	psychiatry	T091	C0033873
28250022	1490	1505	Narrow networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	1532	1541	pediatric	T097	C0586905
28250022	1547	1552	adult	T100	C0001675
28250022	1553	1564	specialists	T097	C1508822
28250022	1600	1609	pediatric	T097	C0586905
28250022	1610	1621	specialists	T097	C1508822
28250022	1647	1655	networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	1671	1686	narrow networks	T169	C1882071
28250022	1691	1702	marketplace	T170	C0679933
28250022	1703	1710	network	T169	C1882071
28250022	1711	1729	adequacy standards	T080	C1442989
28250022	1776	1780	care	T058	C0086388
28250022	1785	1793	children	T100	C0008059
28250022	1798	1806	families	T099	C0015576

28250235|t|Methylation dynamics during folliculogenesis and early embryo development in sheep
28250235|a|Genome -wide DNA methylation reprogramming occurs during mammalian gametogenesis and early embryogenesis. Post - fertilization demethylation of paternal and maternal genomes is considered to occur by an active and passive mechanism respectively, in most mammals but sheep; in this species no loss of methylation was observed in either pronucleus. Post - fertilization reprogramming relies on methylating and demethylating enzymes and co-factors that are stored during oocyte growth, concurrently with the re-methylation of the oocyte itself. The crucial remodelling of the oocyte epigenetic baggage often overlaps with potential interfering events such as exposure to assisted reproduction technologies or environmental changes. Here, we report a temporal analysis of methylation dynamics during folliculogenesis and early embryo development in sheep. We characterized global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation by immunofluorescence and relatively quantified the expression of the enzymes and co-factors mainly responsible for their remodelling (DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins and methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) proteins). Our results illustrate for the first time the patterns of hydroxymethylation during oocyte growth. We observed different patterns of methylation and hydroxymethylation between the two parental pronuclei, suggesting that male pronucleus undergoes active demethylation also in sheep. Finally, we describe gene -specific accumulation dynamics for methylating and demethylating enzymes during oocyte growth and observe patterns of expression associated with developmental competence in a differential model of oocyte potential. Our work contributes to the understanding of the methylation dynamics during folliculogenesis and early embryo development and improves the overall picture of early rearrangements that will originate the embryo epigenome.
28250235	0	11	Methylation	T044	C0376452
28250235	12	20	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28250235	28	44	folliculogenesis	T042	C1160267
28250235	49	54	early	T079	C1279919
28250235	55	73	embryo development	T042	C0013936
28250235	77	82	sheep	T015	C0036945
28250235	83	89	Genome	T028	C0017428
28250235	96	111	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28250235	140	149	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28250235	150	163	gametogenesis	T042	C0017001
28250235	168	173	early	T079	C1279919
28250235	174	187	embryogenesis	T042	C0013936
28250235	189	193	Post	T079	C0687676
28250235	196	209	fertilization	T040	C0015914
28250235	210	223	demethylation	T045	C2755352
28250235	227	235	paternal	T080	C0337493
28250235	240	248	maternal	T033	C1858460
28250235	249	256	genomes	T028	C0017428
28250235	337	344	mammals	T015	C0024660
28250235	349	354	sheep	T015	C0036945
28250235	383	394	methylation	T044	C0025723
28250235	418	428	pronucleus	T026	C1167158
28250235	430	434	Post	T079	C0687676
28250235	437	450	fertilization	T040	C0015914
28250235	475	486	methylating	T116,T126	C0014442
28250235	491	512	demethylating enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28250235	551	564	oocyte growth	T043	C1155900
28250235	588	602	re-methylation	T044	C0376452
28250235	610	616	oocyte	T025	C0029045
28250235	656	662	oocyte	T025	C0029045
28250235	760	785	reproduction technologies	T061	C0035157
28250235	789	810	environmental changes	T033	C4060636
28250235	851	862	methylation	T044	C0025723
28250235	863	871	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28250235	879	895	folliculogenesis	T042	C1160267
28250235	900	905	early	T079	C1279919
28250235	906	924	embryo development	T042	C0013936
28250235	928	933	sheep	T015	C0036945
28250235	959	974	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28250235	979	997	hydroxymethylation	T045	C3830412
28250235	1001	1019	immunofluorescence	T059	C0016318
28250235	1050	1060	expression	T045	C1171362
28250235	1068	1075	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28250235	1133	1155	DNA methyltransferases	T116,T126	C0012873
28250235	1157	1162	DNMTs	T116,T126	C0012873
28250235	1165	1204	ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28250235	1209	1234	methyl-CpG-binding domain	T087	C4277657
28250235	1236	1239	MBD	T087	C4277657
28250235	1241	1249	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28250235	1310	1328	hydroxymethylation	T045	C3830412
28250235	1336	1349	oocyte growth	T043	C1155900
28250235	1385	1396	methylation	T044	C0376452
28250235	1401	1419	hydroxymethylation	T045	C3830412
28250235	1436	1454	parental pronuclei	T026	C1167158
28250235	1472	1487	male pronucleus	T026	C1622926
28250235	1505	1518	demethylation	T045	C2755352
28250235	1527	1532	sheep	T015	C0036945
28250235	1555	1559	gene	T028	C0017337
28250235	1583	1591	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28250235	1596	1607	methylating	T116,T126	C0014442
28250235	1612	1633	demethylating enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28250235	1641	1654	oocyte growth	T043	C1155900
28250235	1679	1689	expression	T045	C1171362
28250235	1706	1719	developmental	T080	C0458003
28250235	1720	1730	competence	T080	C0086035
28250235	1758	1764	oocyte	T025	C0029045
28250235	1825	1836	methylation	T044	C0025723
28250235	1837	1845	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28250235	1853	1869	folliculogenesis	T042	C1160267
28250235	1874	1879	early	T079	C1279919
28250235	1880	1898	embryo development	T042	C0013936
28250235	1935	1940	early	T079	C1279919
28250235	1980	1986	embryo	T018	C0013935
28250235	1987	1996	epigenome	T028	C0017428

28250430|t|Network analysis reveals why Xylella fastidiosa will persist in Europe
28250430|a|The insect vector borne bacterium Xylella fastidiosa was first detected in olive trees in Southern Italy in 2013, and identified as the main culprit behind the ' olive quick decline syndrome '. Since then, the disease has spread rapidly through Italy's main olive oil producing region. The epidemiology of the outbreak is largely unstudied, with the list of X. fastidiosa hosts and vectors in Europe likely incomplete, and the role humans play in dispersal unknown. These knowledge gaps have led to management strategies based on general assumptions that require, among others, local vector control and, in certain areas, the destruction of infected plants and healthy ones around them in an attempt to eradicate or halt the spreading pest. Here we show that, regardless of epidemiological uncertainties, the mere distribution of olive orchards in Southern Italy makes the chances of eradicating X. fastidiosa from the region extremely slim. Our results imply that Southern Italy is becoming a reservoir for X. fastidiosa. As a consequence, management strategies should keep the prevalence of X. fastidiosa in the region as low as possible, primarily through vector control, lest the pathogen, that has also been detected in southern France and the island of Mallorca (Spain), continues spreading through Italy and Europe.
28250430	0	7	Network	T169	C1882071
28250430	8	16	analysis	T062	C0936012
28250430	17	24	reveals	T080	C0443289
28250430	29	47	Xylella fastidiosa	T007	C0995982
28250430	64	70	Europe	T083	C0015176
28250430	75	88	insect vector	T204	C0021573
28250430	95	104	bacterium	T007	C0004611
28250430	105	123	Xylella fastidiosa	T007	C0995982
28250430	146	157	olive trees	T002	C0996956
28250430	161	175	Southern Italy	T083	C0022277
28250430	233	261	olive quick decline syndrome	T047	C0012634
28250430	281	288	disease	T047	C0012634
28250430	316	323	Italy's	T083	C0022277
28250430	329	338	olive oil	T109,T168	C0069449
28250430	349	355	region	T083	C0017446
28250430	361	373	epidemiology	T062	C0002783
28250430	381	389	outbreak	T067	C0012652
28250430	429	442	X. fastidiosa	T007	C0995982
28250430	443	448	hosts	T001	C1167395
28250430	453	460	vectors	T204	C0021573
28250430	464	470	Europe	T083	C0015176
28250430	503	509	humans	T016	C0086418
28250430	518	527	dispersal	T080	C0332261
28250430	528	535	unknown	T080	C0439673
28250430	543	552	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28250430	553	557	gaps	T082	C3887622
28250430	570	591	management strategies	T057	C1273870
28250430	655	669	vector control	T057	C0031249
28250430	686	691	areas	UnknownType	C0681784
28250430	697	708	destruction	T052	C1948029
28250430	712	727	infected plants	T002	C0032098
28250430	732	739	healthy	T080	C3898900
28250430	774	783	eradicate	T052	C1883720
28250430	787	791	halt	T079	C2746065
28250430	796	805	spreading	T080	C0332261
28250430	806	810	pest	T047	C0032064
28250430	845	860	epidemiological	T169	C0014508
28250430	861	874	uncertainties	T033	C0087130
28250430	901	906	olive	T002	C0996956
28250430	901	915	olive orchards	UnknownType	C0681784
28250430	919	933	Southern Italy	T083	C0022277
28250430	955	966	eradicating	T052	C1883720
28250430	967	980	X. fastidiosa	T007	C0995982
28250430	990	996	region	T083	C0017446
28250430	1017	1024	results	T169	C1274040
28250430	1036	1050	Southern Italy	T083	C0022277
28250430	1065	1074	reservoir	T083	C0442537
28250430	1079	1092	X. fastidiosa	T007	C0995982
28250430	1112	1133	management strategies	T057	C1273870
28250430	1150	1160	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28250430	1164	1177	X. fastidiosa	T007	C0995982
28250430	1185	1191	region	T083	C0017446
28250430	1230	1244	vector control	T057	C0031249
28250430	1246	1250	lest	T169	C1292733
28250430	1255	1263	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28250430	1296	1311	southern France	T083	C0016674
28250430	1320	1338	island of Mallorca	T083	C0454825
28250430	1340	1345	Spain	T083	C0037747
28250430	1358	1367	spreading	T080	C0332261
28250430	1376	1381	Italy	T083	C0022277
28250430	1386	1392	Europe	T083	C0015176

28251086|t|Novel biomarkers for patients with idiopathic acute anterior uveitis: neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio
28251086|a|To assess the levels of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N / L) and the platelet to lymphocyte ratio (P / L) in patients with idiopathic acute anterior uveitis (AAU) and to compare with healthy controls. Thirty-six male patients with idiopathic AAU and 36 male healthy subjects were enrolled in this retrospective study. Complete ophthalmological examination and complete blood count measurements results of all subjects were evaluated. There was a significant difference in N / L and P / L between idiopathic AAU and control groups (P=0.006, P=0.022). Also, correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between C-reactive protein (CRP) and N / L (P=0.002; r=0.461). Our study for the first time provides evidence of N / L and P / L may be useful biomarkers in patients with idiopathic AAU. N / L is correlated with CRP, so it can be a useful biomarker to predict the prognosis in idiopathic AAU.
28251086	6	16	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28251086	21	29	patients	T101	C0030705
28251086	35	45	idiopathic	T169	C0332240
28251086	46	68	acute anterior uveitis	T047	C0701807
28251086	70	80	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
28251086	84	94	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
28251086	95	100	ratio	T081	C0456603
28251086	105	113	platelet	T025	C0005821
28251086	117	127	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
28251086	128	133	ratio	T081	C0456603
28251086	137	143	assess	T052	C1516048
28251086	148	154	levels	T080	C0441889
28251086	162	172	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
28251086	176	186	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
28251086	187	192	ratio	T081	C0456603
28251086	194	195	N	T025	C0027950
28251086	198	199	L	T025	C0024264
28251086	209	217	platelet	T025	C0005821
28251086	221	231	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
28251086	232	237	ratio	T081	C0456603
28251086	239	240	P	T025	C0005821
28251086	243	244	L	T025	C0024264
28251086	249	257	patients	T101	C0030705
28251086	263	273	idiopathic	T169	C0332240
28251086	274	296	acute anterior uveitis	T047	C0701807
28251086	298	301	AAU	T047	C0701807
28251086	310	317	compare	T052	C1707455
28251086	323	339	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28251086	352	356	male	T098	C0025266
28251086	357	365	patients	T101	C0030705
28251086	371	381	idiopathic	T169	C0332240
28251086	382	385	AAU	T047	C0701807
28251086	393	397	male	T098	C0025266
28251086	398	405	healthy	T080	C3898900
28251086	406	414	subjects	T098	C2349001
28251086	437	456	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28251086	458	466	Complete	T080	C0205197
28251086	467	495	ophthalmological examination	T061	C0200149
28251086	509	533	blood count measurements	T059	C1879889
28251086	534	541	results	T033	C0683954
28251086	549	557	subjects	T098	C2349001
28251086	563	572	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28251086	586	597	significant	T078	C0750502
28251086	612	613	N	T025	C0027950
28251086	616	617	L	T025	C0024264
28251086	622	623	P	T025	C0005821
28251086	626	627	L	T025	C0024264
28251086	636	646	idiopathic	T169	C0332240
28251086	647	650	AAU	T047	C0701807
28251086	655	669	control groups	T096	C0009932
28251086	696	716	correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
28251086	728	739	significant	T078	C0750502
28251086	740	751	correlation	T080	C1707520
28251086	760	778	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
28251086	780	783	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28251086	789	790	N	T025	C0027950
28251086	793	794	L	T025	C0024264
28251086	819	824	study	T062	C0008972
28251086	853	864	evidence of	T169	C0332120
28251086	865	866	N	T025	C0027950
28251086	869	870	L	T025	C0024264
28251086	875	876	P	T025	C0005821
28251086	879	880	L	T025	C0024264
28251086	888	894	useful	T080	C3827682
28251086	895	905	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28251086	909	917	patients	T101	C0030705
28251086	923	933	idiopathic	T169	C0332240
28251086	934	937	AAU	T047	C0701807
28251086	939	940	N	T025	C0027950
28251086	943	944	L	T025	C0024264
28251086	948	958	correlated	T080	C1707520
28251086	964	967	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28251086	984	990	useful	T080	C3827682
28251086	991	1000	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28251086	1016	1025	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28251086	1029	1039	idiopathic	T169	C0332240
28251086	1040	1043	AAU	T047	C0701807

28251683|t|Limb remote ischaemic postconditioning - induced elevation of fibulin-5 confers neuroprotection to rats with cerebral ischaemia / reperfusion injury: Activation of the AKT pathway
28251683|a|Limb remote ischaemic postconditioning (RIPostC) is an effective and well-acknowledged treatment for brain ischaemia injury. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of fibulin-5 in the neuroprotection of RIPostC against cerebral ischaemia / reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in rats and then RIPostC was carried out by three cycles of 10 minutes occlusion /10 minutes release of the bilateral femoral artery at the beginning of the reperfusion. To downregulate the fibulin-5 level, fibulin-5 siRNA was injected into the lateral ventricle 24 hours before MCAO. According to our present study, RIPostC attenuated cerebral I / R injury by decreasing infarct volume, improving neurobehavioral score and suppressing blood brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Moreover, the mRNA and protein levels of fibulin-5 were upregulated by RIPostC at 24 hours and 72 hours after reperfusion. Downregulation of fibulin-5 attenuated the neuroprotection of RIPostC. Finally, the result showed that fibulin-5 was upregulated by RIPostC via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. Taken together, these results provide evidence that upregulation of fibulin-5 is involved in the beneficial effect of RIPostC against cerebral I / R injury.
28251683	0	4	Limb	T023	C0015385
28251683	5	38	remote ischaemic postconditioning	T061	C2936234
28251683	41	48	induced	T169	C0205263
28251683	49	58	elevation	T081	C0205217
28251683	62	71	fibulin-5	T116,T123	C1452861
28251683	80	95	neuroprotection	T043	C0598958
28251683	99	103	rats	T015	C0034721
28251683	109	127	cerebral ischaemia	T047	C0917798
28251683	130	148	reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
28251683	150	160	Activation	T052	C1879547
28251683	168	179	AKT pathway	T044	C1515844
28251683	180	184	Limb	T023	C0015385
28251683	185	218	remote ischaemic postconditioning	T061	C2936234
28251683	220	227	RIPostC	T061	C2936234
28251683	267	276	treatment	T061	C0087111
28251683	281	303	brain ischaemia injury	T037	C2945681
28251683	317	322	study	T062	C2603343
28251683	353	362	fibulin-5	T116,T123	C1452861
28251683	370	385	neuroprotection	T043	C0598958
28251683	389	396	RIPostC	T061	C2936234
28251683	405	423	cerebral ischaemia	T047	C0917798
28251683	426	450	reperfusion (I/R) injury	T037	C0035126
28251683	454	458	rats	T015	C0034721
28251683	464	496	middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
28251683	498	502	MCAO	T020	C0740391
28251683	504	509	model	T075	C0026339
28251683	529	533	rats	T015	C0034721
28251683	543	550	RIPostC	T061	C2936234
28251683	589	596	minutes	T079	C0439232
28251683	597	606	occlusion	T020	C0740391
28251683	611	618	minutes	T079	C0439232
28251683	634	643	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28251683	644	658	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
28251683	683	694	reperfusion	T061	C0035124
28251683	699	711	downregulate	T044	C0013081
28251683	716	725	fibulin-5	T116,T123	C1452861
28251683	726	731	level	T080	C0441889
28251683	733	748	fibulin-5 siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28251683	753	761	injected	T061	C1533685
28251683	771	788	lateral ventricle	T030	C0152279
28251683	792	797	hours	T079	C0439227
28251683	805	809	MCAO	T020	C0740391
28251683	836	841	study	T062	C2603343
28251683	843	850	RIPostC	T061	C2936234
28251683	851	861	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28251683	862	872	cerebral I	T047	C0917798
28251683	875	883	R injury	T037	C0035126
28251683	887	897	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28251683	898	905	infarct	T046	C0021308
28251683	906	912	volume	T081	C0449468
28251683	924	945	neurobehavioral score	T081	C0449820
28251683	950	961	suppressing	T169	C1260953
28251683	962	981	blood brain barrier	T023	C0005854
28251683	983	986	BBB	T023	C0005854
28251683	988	995	leakage	T046	C0015376
28251683	1011	1015	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28251683	1020	1034	protein levels	T034	C0428479
28251683	1038	1047	fibulin-5	T116,T123	C1452861
28251683	1053	1064	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28251683	1068	1075	RIPostC	T061	C2936234
28251683	1082	1087	hours	T079	C0439227
28251683	1095	1100	hours	T079	C0439227
28251683	1107	1118	reperfusion	T061	C0035124
28251683	1120	1134	Downregulation	T044	C0013081
28251683	1138	1147	fibulin-5	T116,T123	C1452861
28251683	1148	1158	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28251683	1163	1178	neuroprotection	T043	C0598958
28251683	1182	1189	RIPostC	T061	C2936234
28251683	1223	1232	fibulin-5	T116,T123	C1452861
28251683	1237	1248	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28251683	1252	1259	RIPostC	T061	C2936234
28251683	1264	1274	activation	T052	C1879547
28251683	1282	1298	PI3K/AKT pathway	T044	C1515844
28251683	1322	1329	results	T169	C1274040
28251683	1338	1346	evidence	T078	C3887511
28251683	1352	1364	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28251683	1368	1377	fibulin-5	T116,T123	C1452861
28251683	1418	1425	RIPostC	T061	C2936234
28251683	1434	1444	cerebral I	T047	C0917798
28251683	1447	1455	R injury	T037	C0035126

28251753|t|Optomechanical Control of Quantum Yield in Trans-Cis Ultrafast Photoisomerization of a Retinal Chromophore Model
28251753|a|The quantum yield of a photochemical reaction is one of the most fundamental quantities in photochemistry, as it measures the efficiency of the transduction of light energy into chemical energy. Nature has evolved photoreceptors in which the reactivity of a chromophore is enhanced by its molecular environment to achieve high quantum yields. The retinal chromophore sterically constrained inside rhodopsin proteins represents an outstanding example of such a control. In a more general framework, mechanical forces acting on a molecular system can strongly modify its reactivity. Herein, we show that the exertion of tensile forces on a simplified retinal chromophore model provokes a substantial and regular increase in the trans-to-cis photoisomerization quantum yield in a counterintuitive way, as these extension forces facilitate the formation of the more compressed cis photoisomer. A rationale for the mechanochemical effect on this photoisomerization mechanism is also proposed.
28251753	0	22	Optomechanical Control	T169	C0443254
28251753	26	39	Quantum Yield	T081	C0392762
28251753	43	81	Trans-Cis Ultrafast Photoisomerization	T044	C0596342
28251753	87	94	Retinal	T109,T121,T127	C0035331
28251753	95	106	Chromophore	T120	C0596335
28251753	107	112	Model	T075	C0026336
28251753	117	130	quantum yield	T081	C0392762
28251753	136	158	photochemical reaction	T070	C2350502
28251753	178	200	fundamental quantities	T081	C1265611
28251753	204	218	photochemistry	T090	C0031739
28251753	257	306	transduction of light energy into chemical energy	T043	C0376451
28251753	308	314	Nature	T078	C0349590
28251753	327	341	photoreceptors	T025	C0031760
28251753	355	365	reactivity	UnknownType	C0678596
28251753	371	382	chromophore	T120	C0596335
28251753	402	423	molecular environment	T082	C0014406
28251753	440	454	quantum yields	T081	C0392762
28251753	460	467	retinal	T109,T121,T127	C0035331
28251753	468	479	chromophore	T120	C0596335
28251753	510	528	rhodopsin proteins	T116,T123	C0035499
28251753	611	628	mechanical forces	T067	C0563538
28251753	641	657	molecular system	T080	C1521991
28251753	682	692	reactivity	UnknownType	C0678596
28251753	731	745	tensile forces	T081	C0039526
28251753	762	769	retinal	T109,T121,T127	C0035331
28251753	770	781	chromophore	T120	C0596335
28251753	782	787	model	T075	C0026336
28251753	799	831	substantial and regular increase	T080	C0205556
28251753	839	870	trans-to-cis photoisomerization	T044	C0596342
28251753	871	884	quantum yield	T081	C0392762
28251753	986	1001	cis photoisomer	T104	C1254350
28251753	1005	1014	rationale	T078	C2699007
28251753	1023	1045	mechanochemical effect	T070	C2350457
28251753	1054	1082	photoisomerization mechanism	T070	C2350502

28251761|t|3D structural analysis of protein O-mannosyl kinase, POMK, a causative gene product of dystroglycanopathy
28251761|a|Orchestration of the multiple enzymes engaged in O-mannose glycan synthesis provides a matriglycan on α-dystroglycan (α-DG) which attracts extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as laminin. Aberrant O-mannosylation of α-DG leads to severe congenital muscular dystrophies due to detachment of ECM proteins from the basal membrane. Phosphorylation at C6-position of O-mannose catalyzed by protein O-mannosyl kinase (POMK) is a crucial step in the biosynthetic pathway of O-mannose glycan. Several mis-sense mutations of the POMK catalytic domain are known to cause a severe congenital muscular dystrophy, Walker-Warburg syndrome. Due to the low sequence similarity with other typical kinases, structure-activity relationships of this enzyme remain unclear. Here, we report the crystal structures of the POMK catalytic domain in the absence and presence of an ATP analogue and O-mannosylated glycopeptide. The POMK catalytic domain shows a typical protein kinase fold consisting of N- and C-lobes. Mannose residue binds to POMK mainly via the hydroxyl group at C2-position, differentiating from other monosaccharide residues. Intriguingly, the two amino acid residues K92 and D228, interacting with the triphosphate group of ATP, are donated from atypical positions in the primary structure. Mutations in this protein causing muscular dystrophies can now be rationalized.
28251761	0	2	3D	T082	C0450363
28251761	3	22	structural analysis	T061	C0204514
28251761	26	51	protein O-mannosyl kinase	T116,T126	C3711215
28251761	53	57	POMK	T116,T126	C3711215
28251761	61	83	causative gene product	T116,T123	C0033684
28251761	87	105	dystroglycanopathy	T047	C0699743
28251761	106	119	Orchestration	T169	C0205245
28251761	127	135	multiple	T081	C0439064
28251761	136	143	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28251761	155	171	O-mannose glycan	T123	C0574031
28251761	172	181	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28251761	193	204	matriglycan	T123	C0574031
28251761	208	222	α-dystroglycan	T116,T123	C1312042
28251761	224	228	α-DG	T116,T123	C1312042
28251761	245	280	extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins	T116,T123	C0079323
28251761	289	296	laminin	T116,T123	C0022984
28251761	307	322	O-mannosylation	T044	C1523717
28251761	326	330	α-DG	T116,T123	C1312042
28251761	347	378	congenital muscular dystrophies	T047	C0699743
28251761	386	396	detachment	T169	C0205245
28251761	400	412	ECM proteins	T116,T123	C0079323
28251761	422	436	basal membrane	T024	C0004799
28251761	438	453	Phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28251761	457	481	C6-position of O-mannose	T123	C0574031
28251761	482	491	catalyzed	T169	C0205245
28251761	495	520	protein O-mannosyl kinase	T116,T126	C3711215
28251761	522	526	POMK	T116,T126	C3711215
28251761	553	573	biosynthetic pathway	T044	C1721101
28251761	577	593	O-mannose glycan	T123	C0574031
28251761	603	622	mis-sense mutations	T045	C0026882
28251761	630	634	POMK	T116,T126	C3711215
28251761	635	651	catalytic domain	T087	C0600499
28251761	680	734	congenital muscular dystrophy, Walker-Warburg syndrome	T047	C0265221
28251761	751	770	sequence similarity	T081	C1710052
28251761	790	797	kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
28251761	799	831	structure-activity relationships	T080	C0038477
28251761	840	846	enzyme	T116,T126	C3711215
28251761	854	861	unclear	T033	C3845108
28251761	883	901	crystal structures	T104	C0444626
28251761	909	913	POMK	T116,T126	C3711215
28251761	914	930	catalytic domain	T087	C0600499
28251761	938	945	absence	T169	C0332197
28251761	950	958	presence	T033	C0150312
28251761	965	968	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28251761	969	977	analogue	T104	C0243071
28251761	982	1009	O-mannosylated glycopeptide	T123	C0574031
28251761	1015	1019	POMK	T116,T126	C3711215
28251761	1020	1036	catalytic domain	T087	C0600499
28251761	1053	1101	protein kinase fold consisting of N- and C-lobes	T116	C1510464
28251761	1103	1110	Mannose	T109,T121	C0024742
28251761	1111	1118	residue	T077	C1709915
28251761	1128	1132	POMK	T116,T126	C3711215
28251761	1148	1177	hydroxyl group at C2-position	T197	C0700307
28251761	1206	1220	monosaccharide	T109	C0026492
28251761	1221	1229	residues	T077	C1709915
28251761	1253	1276	amino acid residues K92	T087	C0002518
28251761	1281	1285	D228	T087	C0002518
28251761	1287	1298	interacting	T169	C1704675
28251761	1308	1333	triphosphate group of ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28251761	1352	1360	atypical	T080	C0205182
28251761	1378	1395	primary structure	T087	C0002518
28251761	1397	1406	Mutations	T045	C0026882
28251761	1415	1422	protein	T116,T126	C3711215
28251761	1431	1451	muscular dystrophies	T047	C0026850

28251780|t|Comparison between magnetic resonance imaging and B-mode ultrasound in detecting and estimating the extent of human carotid atherosclerosis
28251780|a|In MRI studies of carotid plaques, ultrasound is used to find plaques, which are later imaged using MRI. The performance in plaque detection has not been compared between the modalities. The aim of the current study was to compare the performance of MRI and ultrasound in detecting carotid artery plaques and measuring extent of atherosclerosis. Subjects with at least one plaque (height ≥2·5 mm) on ultrasound were imaged using MRI. The number of plaques and their height was measured in both modalities; plaque area and volume were analysed on ultrasound and MRI, respectively. Thirty-eight subjects were included. MRI detected plaques in 95% of carotid arteries with a plaque height of ≥2·5 mm on ultrasound and in all carotid arteries with a plaque exceeding 2·5 mm. MRI detected 53% of the plaques with a height below 2·5 mm. The plaque height measured with both techniques correlated significantly, 0·59, P<0·0001. Ultrasound -derived plaque height and plaque area correlated similarly to MRI -derived plaque volume, r = 0·52; P<0·0001 and r = 0·47; P = 0·001, respectively. We conclude that MRI has a similar sensitivity to ultrasound in finding carotid artery plaques that are 2·5 mm or higher. In smaller plaques, MRI detects fewer plaques. Multiple carotid plaques seen on ultrasound most often are a misinterpretation of the anatomy and correspond to a single plaque. Plaque height on ultrasound is comparable to plaque height on MRI and correlates fairly well with plaque volume on MRI making it an interesting proxy for plaque burden.
28251780	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28251780	19	45	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28251780	50	67	B-mode ultrasound	T060	C1302166
28251780	71	80	detecting	T033	C0442726
28251780	85	95	estimating	T081	C0750572
28251780	100	106	extent	T082	C0439792
28251780	110	115	human	T016	C0086418
28251780	116	139	carotid atherosclerosis	T047	C0577631
28251780	143	154	MRI studies	T060	C3515983
28251780	158	173	carotid plaques	T020	C0751633
28251780	175	185	ultrasound	T060	C1302166
28251780	197	201	find	T033	C0243095
28251780	202	209	plaques	T033	C0332461
28251780	227	233	imaged	T170	C1704254
28251780	240	243	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	249	260	performance	T052	C1882330
28251780	264	270	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	271	280	detection	T033	C0442726
28251780	294	302	compared	T052	C1707455
28251780	315	325	modalities	T169	C1275506
28251780	350	355	study	T062	C2603343
28251780	363	370	compare	T052	C1707455
28251780	375	386	performance	T052	C1882330
28251780	390	393	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	398	408	ultrasound	T060	C1302166
28251780	412	421	detecting	T033	C0442726
28251780	422	444	carotid artery plaques	T020	C0751633
28251780	449	458	measuring	T080	C0444706
28251780	459	465	extent	T082	C0439792
28251780	469	484	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28251780	486	494	Subjects	T096	C0681850
28251780	513	519	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	521	527	height	T081	C0392762
28251780	540	550	ultrasound	T060	C1302166
28251780	556	562	imaged	T170	C1704254
28251780	569	572	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	578	584	number	T081	C0237753
28251780	588	595	plaques	T033	C0332461
28251780	606	612	height	T081	C0392762
28251780	617	625	measured	T080	C0444706
28251780	634	644	modalities	T169	C1275506
28251780	646	652	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	653	657	area	T082	C0205146
28251780	662	668	volume	T081	C0449468
28251780	674	682	analysed	T062	C0936012
28251780	686	696	ultrasound	T060	C1302166
28251780	701	704	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	720	732	Thirty-eight	T081	C0392762
28251780	733	741	subjects	T096	C0681850
28251780	747	755	included	T169	C0332257
28251780	757	760	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	761	769	detected	T033	C0442726
28251780	770	777	plaques	T033	C0332461
28251780	788	804	carotid arteries	T023	C0007272
28251780	812	818	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	819	825	height	T081	C0392762
28251780	840	850	ultrasound	T060	C1302166
28251780	862	878	carotid arteries	T023	C0007272
28251780	886	892	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	911	914	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	915	923	detected	T033	C0442726
28251780	935	942	plaques	T033	C0332461
28251780	950	956	height	T081	C0392762
28251780	975	981	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	982	988	height	T081	C0392762
28251780	989	997	measured	T080	C0444706
28251780	1008	1018	techniques	T169	C0449851
28251780	1019	1029	correlated	T080	C1707520
28251780	1061	1071	Ultrasound	T060	C1302166
28251780	1081	1087	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	1088	1094	height	T081	C0392762
28251780	1099	1105	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	1106	1110	area	T082	C0205146
28251780	1111	1121	correlated	T080	C1707520
28251780	1122	1131	similarly	T080	C2348205
28251780	1135	1138	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	1148	1154	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	1155	1161	volume	T081	C0449468
28251780	1238	1241	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	1248	1255	similar	T080	C2348205
28251780	1256	1267	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28251780	1271	1281	ultrasound	T060	C1302166
28251780	1285	1292	finding	T033	C0243095
28251780	1293	1315	carotid artery plaques	T020	C0751633
28251780	1335	1341	higher	T080	C0205250
28251780	1346	1353	smaller	T080	C0547044
28251780	1354	1361	plaques	T033	C0332461
28251780	1363	1366	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	1367	1374	detects	T033	C0442726
28251780	1375	1380	fewer	T081	C0205388
28251780	1381	1388	plaques	T033	C0332461
28251780	1390	1414	Multiple carotid plaques	T020	C0751633
28251780	1423	1433	ultrasound	T060	C1302166
28251780	1476	1483	anatomy	T080	C1384516
28251780	1504	1517	single plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	1519	1525	Plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	1526	1532	height	T081	C0392762
28251780	1536	1546	ultrasound	T060	C1302166
28251780	1564	1570	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	1571	1577	height	T081	C0392762
28251780	1581	1584	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	1589	1599	correlates	T080	C1707520
28251780	1617	1623	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	1624	1630	volume	T081	C0449468
28251780	1634	1637	MRI	T060	C0024485
28251780	1673	1679	plaque	T033	C0332461
28251780	1680	1686	burden	T078	C2828008

28252207|t|Quality of nursing intensity data: inter-rater reliability of the patient classification after two decades in clinical use
28252207|a|The aim of this study was to measure the inter-rater reliability of the Oulu Patient Classification and to discuss existing methods of reliability testing. The Oulu Patient Classification, part of the RAFAELA(®) System, has been developed to assist nursing managers with the proper allocation of nursing resources. Due to the increased intensity of inpatient care during recent years, there is a need for the reliability testing of the classification, which has been in clinical use for 20 years. Retrospective statistical study. To test inter-rater reliability, a pair of nurses classified the same patients, without knowledge of each other's ratings, as a part of annually conducted standardization. Data on the parallel classifications (n = 19,997) was obtained from inpatient units (n = 32) with different specialties at a university hospital in Finland during 2010-2015. Parallel classification practices were also analysed. The reliability of the overall classification and its subareas were calculated using suitable statistical coefficients. Inter-rater reliability coefficients were a reliable or almost perfect means of considering the nursing intensity category and various practices, but there were detectable differences between subareas. The lowest agreement levels occurred in the subareas ' Planning and Coordination of Nursing Care ' and ' Guiding of Care / Continued Care and Emotional Support '. There is a need to develop the descriptions of subareas and to clarify the related concepts. Precise nursing documentation can promote a high level of agreement and reliable results. The traditional overall proportion of agreement does not provide an adequate picture of reliability - weighted kappa coefficients should be used instead.
28252207	0	7	Quality	T080	C0332306
28252207	11	33	nursing intensity data	T073,T170	C0028694
28252207	35	58	inter-rater reliability	T081	C0870740
28252207	66	73	patient	T101	C0030705
28252207	74	88	classification	T185	C0008902
28252207	95	106	two decades	T081	C2981279
28252207	110	118	clinical	T080	C0205210
28252207	119	122	use	T169	C0457083
28252207	139	144	study	T062	C2603343
28252207	152	159	measure	T081	C0079809
28252207	164	187	inter-rater reliability	T081	C0870740
28252207	195	222	Oulu Patient Classification	T185	C0008902
28252207	247	254	methods	T169	C0025664
28252207	258	277	reliability testing	T081	C0237829
28252207	283	310	Oulu Patient Classification	T185	C0008902
28252207	324	341	RAFAELA(®) System	T170	C0282574
28252207	365	371	assist	T080	C1269765
28252207	372	388	nursing managers	T097	C0454680
28252207	405	415	allocation	T052	C1706778
28252207	419	426	nursing	T058	C0028682
28252207	427	436	resources	T078	C0018741
28252207	449	458	increased	T081	C0205217
28252207	459	468	intensity	T080	C0522510
28252207	472	486	inpatient care	T058	C0019993
28252207	501	506	years	T079	C0439234
28252207	532	551	reliability testing	T081	C0237829
28252207	559	573	classification	T185	C0008902
28252207	593	601	clinical	T080	C0205210
28252207	602	605	use	T169	C0457083
28252207	613	618	years	T079	C0439234
28252207	620	633	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
28252207	634	651	statistical study	T170	C0038208
28252207	656	660	test	T081	C0237829
28252207	661	684	inter-rater reliability	T081	C0870740
28252207	696	702	nurses	T097	C0028661
28252207	703	713	classified	T185	C0008902
28252207	723	731	patients	T101	C0030705
28252207	767	774	ratings	T052	C0871208
28252207	789	797	annually	T079	C0332181
28252207	808	823	standardization	T062	C0038136
28252207	825	829	Data	T078	C1511726
28252207	837	861	parallel classifications	T185	C0008902
28252207	879	887	obtained	T169	C1301820
28252207	893	902	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28252207	923	932	different	T080	C1705242
28252207	933	944	specialties	T091	C0037778
28252207	950	969	university hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28252207	973	980	Finland	T083	C0016132
28252207	999	1022	Parallel classification	T185	C0008902
28252207	1023	1032	practices	T091	C4035713
28252207	1057	1068	reliability	T081	C2347947
28252207	1084	1098	classification	T185	C0008902
28252207	1121	1131	calculated	T052	C1441506
28252207	1147	1171	statistical coefficients	T081	C1707429
28252207	1173	1196	Inter-rater reliability	T081	C0870740
28252207	1197	1209	coefficients	T081	C1707429
28252207	1269	1276	nursing	T058	C0028682
28252207	1277	1286	intensity	T080	C0522510
28252207	1287	1295	category	T170	C0683312
28252207	1308	1317	practices	T091	C4035713
28252207	1334	1344	detectable	T033	C0442726
28252207	1345	1356	differences	T080	C1705242
28252207	1386	1395	agreement	T080	C0205556
28252207	1396	1402	levels	T080	C0441889
28252207	1403	1411	occurred	T052	C1709305
28252207	1430	1471	Planning and Coordination of Nursing Care	T058	C3863893
28252207	1480	1495	Guiding of Care	T058	C1254363
28252207	1498	1512	Continued Care	T058	C0009853
28252207	1517	1534	Emotional Support	T058	C0600015
28252207	1569	1581	descriptions	T170	C0678257
28252207	1601	1608	clarify	T052	C2986669
28252207	1621	1629	concepts	T078	C0178566
28252207	1639	1660	nursing documentation	T058	C0184600
28252207	1665	1672	promote	T052	C0033414
28252207	1680	1685	level	T080	C0441889
28252207	1689	1698	agreement	T080	C0205556
28252207	1712	1719	results	T169	C1274040
28252207	1759	1768	agreement	T080	C0205556
28252207	1832	1850	kappa coefficients	T081	C1707429

28252882|t|Effectiveness of Supplementary Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Pharmacotherapy - Resistant Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
28252882|a|Antidepressant medication is efficacious in the treatment of depression, but not all patients improve with antidepressant medication alone. Despite this treatment gap, limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of supplementing psychotherapy for pharmacotherapy - resistant depression is available. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of supplementing usual medication management (treatment as usual [TAU]) with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with pharmacotherapy - resistant depression seeking psychiatric specialty care. A 16- week assessor-masked randomized controlled trial with a 12- month follow-up was conducted in 1 university hospital and 1 psychiatric hospital from September 2008 to December 2014. Outpatients aged 20-65 years with pharmacotherapy - resistant depression (taking antidepressant medications for ≥ 8 weeks, 17-item GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [GRID-HDRS₁₇] score ≥ 16, Maudsley Staging Method for treatment-resistant depression score ≥ 3, and DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder) were randomly assigned (1:1) to CBT combined with TAU or to TAU alone. The primary outcome was the alleviation of depressive symptoms, as measured by change in the total GRID-HDRS₁₇ score from baseline to 16 weeks; primary analysis was done on an intention-to-treat basis. A total of 80 patients were randomized; 78 (97.5%) were assessed for the primary outcome, and 73 (91.3%) were followed up for 12 months. Supplementary CBT significantly alleviated depressive symptoms at 16 weeks, as shown by greater least squares mean changes in GRID-HDRS₁₇ scores in the intervention group than in the control group (-12.7 vs -7.4; difference = -5.4; 95% CI, -8.1 to -2.6; P < .001), and the treatment effect was maintained for at least 12 months (-15.4 vs -11.0; difference = -4.4; 95% CI, -7.2 to -1.6; P = .002). Patients with pharmacotherapy - resistant depression treated in psychiatric specialty care settings may benefit from supplementing usual medication management with CBT. UMIN Clinical Trials Registry identifier: UMIN000001218.
28252882	0	13	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28252882	31	59	Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy	T061	C4273841
28252882	64	79	Pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
28252882	82	91	Resistant	T169	C0332325
28252882	92	102	Depression	T048	C0011570
28252882	106	133	Randomized Controlled Trial	T062	C0206035
28252882	134	159	Antidepressant medication	T121	C0013227
28252882	182	191	treatment	T061	C0087111
28252882	195	205	depression	T048	C0011570
28252882	219	227	patients	T101	C0030705
28252882	228	235	improve	T033	C0184511
28252882	241	266	antidepressant medication	T121	C0013227
28252882	287	296	treatment	T061	C0087111
28252882	297	300	gap	T079	C1254367
28252882	310	318	evidence	T078	C3887511
28252882	333	346	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28252882	350	363	supplementing	T169	C2348609
28252882	364	377	psychotherapy	T061	C0033968
28252882	382	397	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
28252882	400	409	resistant	T169	C0332325
28252882	410	420	depression	T048	C0011570
28252882	424	433	available	T169	C0470187
28252882	466	479	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28252882	483	496	supplementing	T169	C2348609
28252882	503	524	medication management	T058	C0150270
28252882	525	544	(treatment as usual	T061	C0087111
28252882	546	549	TAU	T061	C0087111
28252882	557	585	cognitive-behavioral therapy	T061	C4273841
28252882	587	590	CBT	T061	C4273841
28252882	595	603	patients	T101	C0030705
28252882	609	624	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
28252882	627	636	resistant	T169	C0332325
28252882	637	647	depression	T048	C0011570
28252882	656	677	psychiatric specialty	T091	C0033873
28252882	678	682	care	T052	C1947933
28252882	690	694	week	T079	C0439230
28252882	711	738	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28252882	750	755	month	T079	C0439231
28252882	785	804	university hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28252882	811	831	psychiatric hospital	T073,T093	C0020021
28252882	870	881	Outpatients	T101	C0029921
28252882	882	886	aged	T032	C0001779
28252882	893	898	years	T079	C0439234
28252882	904	919	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
28252882	922	931	resistant	T169	C0332325
28252882	932	942	depression	T048	C0011570
28252882	951	977	antidepressant medications	T121	C0013227
28252882	986	991	weeks	T079	C0439230
28252882	1001	1038	GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale	T170	C0282574
28252882	1040	1051	GRID-HDRS₁₇	T170	C0282574
28252882	1053	1058	score	T081	C0449820
28252882	1065	1088	Maudsley Staging Method	T061	C0087111
28252882	1093	1123	treatment-resistant depression	T048	C2063866
28252882	1124	1129	score	T081	C0449820
28252882	1139	1184	DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder	T058	C2199206
28252882	1218	1221	CBT	T061	C4273841
28252882	1236	1239	TAU	T061	C0087111
28252882	1246	1249	TAU	T061	C0087111
28252882	1269	1276	outcome	T169	C1274040
28252882	1300	1319	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28252882	1336	1342	change	T169	C0392747
28252882	1356	1367	GRID-HDRS₁₇	T170	C0282574
28252882	1368	1373	score	T081	C0449820
28252882	1379	1387	baseline	T081	C1442488
28252882	1394	1399	weeks	T079	C0439230
28252882	1409	1417	analysis	T062	C0936012
28252882	1473	1481	patients	T101	C0030705
28252882	1487	1497	randomized	T062	C0034656
28252882	1515	1523	assessed	T052	C1516048
28252882	1540	1547	outcome	T169	C1274040
28252882	1569	1580	followed up	T058	C1522577
28252882	1588	1594	months	T079	C0439231
28252882	1610	1613	CBT	T061	C4273841
28252882	1639	1658	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28252882	1665	1670	weeks	T079	C0439230
28252882	1698	1710	squares mean	T081	C2347976
28252882	1711	1718	changes	T169	C0392747
28252882	1722	1733	GRID-HDRS₁₇	T170	C0282574
28252882	1734	1740	scores	T081	C0449820
28252882	1748	1766	intervention group	T098	C2986530
28252882	1779	1792	control group	T096	C0009932
28252882	1869	1878	treatment	T061	C0087111
28252882	1879	1885	effect	T080	C1280500
28252882	1890	1900	maintained	T169	C1314677
28252882	1917	1923	months	T079	C0439231
28252882	1993	2001	Patients	T101	C0030705
28252882	2007	2022	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
28252882	2025	2034	resistant	T169	C0332325
28252882	2035	2045	depression	T048	C0011570
28252882	2046	2053	treated	T061	C0087111
28252882	2057	2092	psychiatric specialty care settings	T093	C1708333
28252882	2097	2104	benefit	T081	C0814225
28252882	2110	2123	supplementing	T169	C2348609
28252882	2130	2151	medication management	T058	C0150270
28252882	2157	2160	CBT	T061	C4273841

28252933|t|Lightweight Open-Cell Scaffolds from Sea Urchin Spines with Superior Material Properties for Bone Defect Repair
28252933|a|Sea urchin spines (Heterocentrotus mammillatus), with a hierarchical open-cell structure similar to that of human trabecular bone and superior mechanical property (compressive strength ∼43.4 MPa) suitable for machining to shape, were explored for potential applications of bone defect repair. Finite element analyses reveal that the compressive stress concentrates along the dense growth rings and dissipates through strut structures of the stereoms, indicating that the exquisite mesostructures play an important role in high strength -to- weight ratios. The fracture strength of magnesium - substituted tricalcium phosphate (β-TCMP) scaffolds produced by hydrothermal conversion of urchin spines is about 9.3 MPa, comparable to that of human trabecular bone. New bone forms along outer surfaces of β-TCMP scaffolds after implantation in rabbit femoral defects for one month and grows into the majority of the inner open-cell spaces postoperation in three month s, showing tight interface between the scaffold and regenerative bone tissue. Fusion of beagle lumbar facet joints using a Ti-6Al-4V cage and β-TCMP scaffold can be completed within seven months with obvious biodegradation of the β-TCMP scaffold, which is nearly completely degraded and replaced by newly formed bone ten months after implantation. Thus, sea urchin spines suitable for machining to shape have advantages for production of biodegradable artificial grafts for bone defect repair.
28252933	12	31	Open-Cell Scaffolds	T026	C0243092
28252933	37	47	Sea Urchin	T204	C0036488
28252933	48	54	Spines	T122	C0005479
28252933	69	77	Material	T167	C0520510
28252933	78	88	Properties	T080	C0871161
28252933	93	111	Bone Defect Repair	T061	C0185364
28252933	112	122	Sea urchin	T204	C0036488
28252933	123	129	spines	T122	C0005479
28252933	131	158	Heterocentrotus mammillatus	T204	C1003462
28252933	181	200	open-cell structure	T026	C0243092
28252933	220	225	human	T016	C0086418
28252933	226	241	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
28252933	255	274	mechanical property	T080	C0871161
28252933	276	296	compressive strength	T081	C0376507
28252933	308	316	suitable	T080	C3900053
28252933	321	330	machining	T052	C0441655
28252933	334	339	shape	T080	C0348078
28252933	359	368	potential	T080	C3245505
28252933	369	381	applications	T169	C0205245
28252933	385	403	bone defect repair	T061	C0185364
28252933	405	428	Finite element analyses	T170	C0600552
28252933	457	463	stress	T033	C0038435
28252933	464	476	concentrates	T052	C2003864
28252933	487	492	dense	T080	C0439794
28252933	493	505	growth rings	T042	C0971859
28252933	510	520	dissipates	T082	C0439742
28252933	535	561	structures of the stereoms	T017	C0700276
28252933	593	607	mesostructures	T082	C0678594
28252933	616	625	important	T080	C3898777
28252933	639	647	strength	T080	C0205556
28252933	653	659	weight	T081	C0043100
28252933	660	666	ratios	T081	C0456603
28252933	672	680	fracture	T037	C0016658
28252933	681	689	strength	T080	C0205556
28252933	693	702	magnesium	T123,T196	C0024467
28252933	705	737	substituted tricalcium phosphate	T122,T197	C0106141
28252933	738	756	(β-TCMP) scaffolds	T122	C0005479
28252933	769	781	hydrothermal	T067	C1254366
28252933	782	792	conversion	T169	C0439836
28252933	796	802	urchin	T204	C0036488
28252933	803	809	spines	T122	C0005479
28252933	828	838	comparable	T052	C1707455
28252933	850	855	human	T016	C0086418
28252933	856	871	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
28252933	877	881	bone	T023	C0262950
28252933	882	887	forms	T169	C1522492
28252933	900	908	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28252933	912	928	β-TCMP scaffolds	T122	C0005479
28252933	935	947	implantation	T061	C0021107
28252933	951	957	rabbit	T015	C3887509
28252933	958	973	femoral defects	T037	C0015802
28252933	982	987	month	T079	C0439231
28252933	992	997	grows	T042	C0971859
28252933	1029	1045	open-cell spaces	T030	C1179886
28252933	1046	1059	postoperation	T079	C1882428
28252933	1069	1074	month	T079	C0439231
28252933	1086	1101	tight interface	T044	C0920352
28252933	1114	1122	scaffold	T122	C0005479
28252933	1127	1151	regenerative bone tissue	T042	C0005972
28252933	1153	1159	Fusion	T061	C1293131
28252933	1163	1169	beagle	T015	C0324306
28252933	1170	1189	lumbar facet joints	T030	C0507372
28252933	1198	1212	Ti-6Al-4V cage	T197	C0076732
28252933	1217	1232	β-TCMP scaffold	T122	C0005479
28252933	1240	1249	completed	T080	C0205197
28252933	1263	1269	months	T079	C0439231
28252933	1283	1297	biodegradation	T070	C0005482
28252933	1305	1320	β-TCMP scaffold	T122	C0005479
28252933	1338	1348	completely	T080	C0205197
28252933	1349	1357	degraded	T070	C0005482
28252933	1362	1373	replaced by	T169	C1299987
28252933	1380	1386	formed	T169	C0205431
28252933	1387	1391	bone	T023	C0262950
28252933	1396	1402	months	T079	C0439231
28252933	1409	1421	implantation	T061	C0021107
28252933	1429	1439	sea urchin	T204	C0036488
28252933	1440	1446	spines	T122	C0005479
28252933	1460	1469	machining	T052	C0441655
28252933	1473	1478	shape	T080	C0348078
28252933	1513	1526	biodegradable	T070	C0005482
28252933	1527	1544	artificial grafts	T122	C0440261
28252933	1549	1567	bone defect repair	T061	C0185364

28253085|t|Water pipe (Shisha, Hookah, Arghile) Smoking and Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Effects on CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 Phenotypes as Measured by Caffeine Urine Test
28253085|a|Public policies to stop or reduce cigarette smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke and associated diseases have yielded successful results over the past decade. Yet, the growing worldwide popularity of another form of tobacco consumption, water pipe smoking, has received relatively less attention. To the best of our knowledge, no study to date has evaluated the effects of water pipe smoking on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activities and drug interaction potential in humans, whereas only limited information is available on the impact of secondhand smoke on drug metabolism. In a sample of 99 healthy volunteers (28 water pipe smokers, 30 secondhand tobacco smoke exposed persons, and 41 controls), we systematically compared CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 enzyme activities in vivo using caffeine urine test. The median self-reported duration of water pipe smoking was 7.5 h / week and 3 years of exposure in total. The secondhand smoke group had a median of 14 h of self-reported weekly exposure to tobacco smoke indoor where a minimum of five cigarettes were smoked / hour for a total of 3.5 years (median). Analysis of variance did not find a significant difference in CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 activities among the three study groups (p > 0.05). Nor was there a significant association between the extent of water pipe or secondhand smoke exposure and the CYP1A2 and CYP2A6 activities (p > 0.05). Further analysis in a subsample with smoke exposure more than the median values also did not reveal a significant difference from the controls. Although we do not rule out an appreciable possible impact of water pipe smoke and secondhand smoke on in vivo activities of these two drug metabolism pathways, variability in smoke constituents from different tobacco consumption methods (e.g., water pipe) might affect drug metabolism in ways that might differ from that of cigarette smoke. Further studies in larger prospective samples are recommended to evaluate water pipe and secondhand tobacco smoke effects on CYP450 function, particularly at higher smoke exposure conditions.
28253085	0	10	Water pipe	T073	C4302493
28253085	37	44	Smoking	T055	C0037369
28253085	49	73	Secondhand Tobacco Smoke	T037	C0375734
28253085	74	81	Effects	T080	C1280500
28253085	85	91	CYP1A2	T116,T126	C1620185
28253085	96	102	CYP2A6	T116,T126	C3884187
28253085	103	113	Phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28253085	129	148	Caffeine Urine Test	T059	C0042014
28253085	149	164	Public policies	T097	C0085098
28253085	183	200	cigarette smoking	T055	C0700219
28253085	205	213	exposure	T080	C0332157
28253085	217	233	secondhand smoke	T037	C0375734
28253085	238	257	associated diseases	T046	C0243083
28253085	369	388	tobacco consumption	T055	C0543414
28253085	390	400	water pipe	T073	C4302493
28253085	401	408	smoking	T055	C0037369
28253085	526	536	water pipe	T073	C4302493
28253085	537	544	smoking	T055	C0037369
28253085	548	583	cytochrome P450 (CYP450) activities	T044	C1149063
28253085	588	604	drug interaction	T044	C0687133
28253085	605	614	potential	T080	C3245505
28253085	618	624	humans	T016	C0086418
28253085	689	705	secondhand smoke	T037	C0375734
28253085	709	724	drug metabolism	T044	C0683140
28253085	744	762	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
28253085	767	785	water pipe smokers	T055	C3697029
28253085	790	814	secondhand tobacco smoke	T037	C0375734
28253085	823	830	persons	T098	C0027361
28253085	839	847	controls	T096	C0009932
28253085	853	876	systematically compared	T052	C1707455
28253085	877	883	CYP1A2	T116,T126	C1620185
28253085	888	894	CYP2A6	T116,T126	C3884187
28253085	895	912	enzyme activities	T044	C0243102
28253085	913	920	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28253085	927	946	caffeine urine test	T059	C0042014
28253085	959	972	self-reported	T062	C2700446
28253085	973	981	duration	T079	C0449238
28253085	985	995	water pipe	T073	C4302493
28253085	996	1003	smoking	T055	C0037369
28253085	1012	1013	h	T079	C0439227
28253085	1016	1020	week	T079	C0439230
28253085	1027	1032	years	T079	C0439234
28253085	1036	1044	exposure	T080	C0332157
28253085	1059	1075	secondhand smoke	T037	C0375734
28253085	1076	1081	group	T098	C1257890
28253085	1101	1102	h	T079	C0439227
28253085	1106	1119	self-reported	T062	C2700446
28253085	1120	1126	weekly	T079	C0332174
28253085	1127	1135	exposure	T080	C0332157
28253085	1139	1152	tobacco smoke	T131	C0439994
28253085	1184	1194	cigarettes	T073	C0677453
28253085	1200	1206	smoked	T131	C0239059
28253085	1209	1213	hour	T079	C0439227
28253085	1233	1238	years	T079	C0439234
28253085	1249	1257	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28253085	1261	1269	variance	T080	C1711260
28253085	1311	1317	CYP1A2	T116,T126	C1620185
28253085	1322	1328	CYP2A6	T116,T126	C3884187
28253085	1329	1339	activities	T044	C0243102
28253085	1356	1361	study	T062	C2603343
28253085	1362	1368	groups	T098	C1257890
28253085	1443	1453	water pipe	T073	C4302493
28253085	1457	1473	secondhand smoke	T037	C0375734
28253085	1474	1482	exposure	T080	C0332157
28253085	1491	1497	CYP1A2	T116,T126	C1620185
28253085	1502	1508	CYP2A6	T116,T126	C3884187
28253085	1509	1519	activities	T044	C0243102
28253085	1540	1548	analysis	T062	C0936012
28253085	1575	1583	exposure	T080	C0332157
28253085	1666	1674	controls	T096	C0009932
28253085	1738	1748	water pipe	T073	C4302493
28253085	1759	1775	secondhand smoke	T037	C0375734
28253085	1779	1786	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28253085	1787	1797	activities	T044	C0243102
28253085	1811	1826	drug metabolism	T044	C0683140
28253085	1827	1835	pathways	T044	C1704259
28253085	1858	1870	constituents	T167	C0729650
28253085	1886	1905	tobacco consumption	T055	C0543414
28253085	1921	1931	water pipe	T073	C4302493
28253085	1946	1961	drug metabolism	T044	C0683140
28253085	2001	2016	cigarette smoke	T131	C0239059
28253085	2026	2033	studies	T062	C2603343
28253085	2092	2102	water pipe	T073	C4302493
28253085	2107	2131	secondhand tobacco smoke	T037	C0375734
28253085	2143	2149	CYP450	T116,T126	C0010762
28253085	2183	2188	smoke	T131	C0439994
28253085	2189	2197	exposure	T080	C0332157

28254329|t|How do wettability, zeta potential and hydroxylation degree affect the biological response of biomaterials?
28254329|a|It is well known that composition, electric charge, wettability and roughness of implant surfaces have great influence on their interaction with the biological fluids and tissues, but systematic studies of different materials in the same experimental conditions are still lacking in the scientific literature. The aim of this research is to investigate the correlations between some surface characteristics (wettability, zeta potential and hydroxylation degree) and the biological response (protein adsorption, blood wettability, cell and bacterial adhesion) to some model biomaterials. The resulting knowledge can be applied for the development of future innovative surfaces for implantable biomaterials. Roughness was not considered as a variable because it is a widely explored feature: smooth surfaces prepared by a controlled protocol were compared in order to have no roughness effects. Three oxides (ZrO2, Al2O3, SiO2), three metals (316LSS steel, Ti, Nb) and two polymers (corona treated polystyrene for cell culture and untreated polystyrene for bacteria culture), widely used for biomedical applications, were considered. The surfaces were characterized by contact profilometry, SEM - EDS, XPS, FTIR, zeta potential and wettability with different fluids. Protein adsorption, blood wettability, bacterial and cell adhesion were evaluated in order to investigate the correlations between the surface physiochemical properties and biological responses. From a methodological standpoint, XPS and electrokinetic measurements emerged as the more suitable techniques respectively for the evaluation of hydroxylation degree and surface charge / isoelectric point. Moreover, determination of wettability by blood appeared a specific and crucial test, the results of which are not easily predictable by using other type of tests. Hydroxylation degree resulted correlated to the wettability by water, but not directly to surface charge. Wetting tests with different media showed the possibility to highlight some differences among look-alike materials. A dependence of protein absorption on hydroxylation degree, charge and wettability was evidenced and its maximum was registered for surfaces with low wettability in both water based and protein containing media and a moderate surface charge. As far as bacterial adhesion is concerned, no effect of surface charge or protein adsorption was evidenced, while the presence of a high acid component of the surface energy appeared significant. Finally, the combination of hydroxylation degree, wettability, surface charge and energy (polar component) emerged as a key parameter for cell adhesion and viability.
28254329	7	18	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	20	34	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
28254329	39	52	hydroxylation	T070	C0020365
28254329	39	59	hydroxylation degree	T033	C0243095
28254329	71	90	biological response	T033	C0243095
28254329	94	106	biomaterials	T122	C0005479
28254329	130	141	composition	T080	C0205556
28254329	143	158	electric charge	T070	C0563548
28254329	160	171	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	176	185	roughness	T080	C0205556
28254329	189	196	implant	T074	C0021102
28254329	197	205	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28254329	217	226	influence	T077	C4054723
28254329	236	247	interaction	T169	C1704675
28254329	257	274	biological fluids	T031	C0005889
28254329	279	286	tissues	T024	C0040300
28254329	292	310	systematic studies	T062	C0242481
28254329	324	333	materials	T167	C0520510
28254329	346	369	experimental conditions	T080	C0348080
28254329	380	387	lacking	T080	C0332268
28254329	395	416	scientific literature	T170	C0023866
28254329	434	442	research	T062	C0035168
28254329	449	460	investigate	T169	C1292732
28254329	465	477	correlations	T080	C1707520
28254329	491	514	surface characteristics	T080	C0449588
28254329	516	527	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	529	543	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
28254329	548	561	hydroxylation	T070	C0020365
28254329	548	568	hydroxylation degree	T033	C0243095
28254329	578	597	biological response	T033	C0243095
28254329	599	606	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28254329	599	617	protein adsorption	T033	C0243095
28254329	619	624	blood	T031	C0005767
28254329	625	636	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	638	642	cell	T043	C0007577
28254329	647	665	bacterial adhesion	T040	C0004614
28254329	681	693	biomaterials	T122	C0005479
28254329	775	783	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28254329	788	812	implantable biomaterials	T122	C0005479
28254329	814	823	Roughness	T080	C0205556
28254329	898	913	smooth surfaces	T082	C0205148
28254329	928	947	controlled protocol	T170	C2348563
28254329	982	999	roughness effects	T080	C0205556
28254329	1007	1013	oxides	T197	C0030015
28254329	1015	1019	ZrO2	T197	C0021521
28254329	1021	1026	Al2O3	T122,T130,T197	C0002374
28254329	1028	1032	SiO2	T122,T197	C0037098
28254329	1041	1047	metals	T197	C0025552
28254329	1049	1061	316LSS steel	T122,T197	C0038239
28254329	1063	1065	Ti	T196	C0040302
28254329	1067	1069	Nb	T196	C0028101
28254329	1079	1087	polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
28254329	1089	1115	corona treated polystyrene	T109,T122	C0032604
28254329	1120	1132	cell culture	T059	C1331092
28254329	1137	1158	untreated polystyrene	T109,T122	C0032604
28254329	1163	1179	bacteria culture	T059	C0430402
28254329	1198	1221	biomedical applications	T073	C3273359
28254329	1244	1252	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28254329	1258	1271	characterized	T052	C1880022
28254329	1275	1295	contact profilometry	T062	C0242481
28254329	1297	1300	SEM	T059	C0026020
28254329	1303	1306	EDS	T059	C2699997
28254329	1308	1311	XPS	T059	C2700282
28254329	1313	1317	FTIR	T062	C0206055
28254329	1319	1333	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
28254329	1338	1349	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	1365	1371	fluids	T167	C0302908
28254329	1373	1380	Protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28254329	1373	1391	Protein adsorption	T033	C0243095
28254329	1393	1398	blood	T031	C0005767
28254329	1399	1410	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	1412	1421	bacterial	T040	C0004614
28254329	1426	1439	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
28254329	1467	1478	investigate	T169	C1292732
28254329	1483	1495	correlations	T080	C1707520
28254329	1508	1541	surface physiochemical properties	T070	C0038884
28254329	1546	1566	biological responses	T033	C0243095
28254329	1602	1605	XPS	T059	C2700282
28254329	1610	1637	electrokinetic measurements	T081	C0392762
28254329	1667	1677	techniques	T169	C0449851
28254329	1713	1726	hydroxylation	T070	C0020365
28254329	1713	1733	hydroxylation degree	T033	C0243095
28254329	1738	1752	surface charge	T081	C0392762
28254329	1755	1772	isoelectric point	T081	C0022171
28254329	1801	1812	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	1816	1821	blood	T031	C0005767
28254329	1854	1858	test	T170	C0392366
28254329	1931	1936	tests	T170	C0392366
28254329	1938	1951	Hydroxylation	T070	C0020365
28254329	1938	1958	Hydroxylation degree	T033	C0243095
28254329	1986	1997	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	2001	2006	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28254329	2028	2042	surface charge	T081	C0392762
28254329	2044	2057	Wetting tests	T062	C0242481
28254329	2073	2078	media	T167	C1705217
28254329	2149	2158	materials	T167	C0520510
28254329	2176	2183	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28254329	2176	2194	protein absorption	T033	C0243095
28254329	2198	2211	hydroxylation	T070	C0020365
28254329	2198	2218	hydroxylation degree	T033	C0243095
28254329	2220	2226	charge	T081	C0392762
28254329	2231	2242	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	2265	2272	maximum	T081	C0806909
28254329	2292	2300	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28254329	2310	2321	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	2330	2335	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28254329	2346	2353	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28254329	2365	2370	media	T167	C1705217
28254329	2386	2400	surface charge	T081	C0392762
28254329	2412	2430	bacterial adhesion	T040	C0004614
28254329	2445	2454	no effect	T080	C1301751
28254329	2458	2472	surface charge	T081	C0392762
28254329	2476	2483	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28254329	2476	2494	protein adsorption	T033	C0243095
28254329	2539	2553	acid component	T080	C0205556
28254329	2561	2575	surface energy	T081	C1442080
28254329	2626	2639	hydroxylation	T070	C0020365
28254329	2626	2646	hydroxylation degree	T033	C0243095
28254329	2648	2659	wettability	T080	C0162598
28254329	2661	2675	surface charge	T081	C0392762
28254329	2680	2686	energy	T081	C1442080
28254329	2688	2703	polar component	T080	C0205556
28254329	2736	2749	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
28254329	2754	2763	viability	T043	C0007620

28254372|t|Tumor accumulation of liposomal doxorubicin in three murine models: Optimizing delivery efficiency
28254372|a|Systemic drug delivery to a solid tumor involves a sequence of steps that determine efficacy and survival. Extravasation from circulation at the tumor site is a critical step in this sequence since it regulates how much of the drug accumulates in the tumor. Despite its importance in determining outcomes, extravasation from circulation remains a "black box." The objective of this study is to develop predictive tools for optimization of drug delivery systems. By comparing pharmacokinetics of liposomal doxorubicin in tumor -free and tumor bearing mice we quantitatively assess the rate constants for distribution, elimination, and tumor accumulation. We then relate these rate constants to the tumor -type and drug delivery system. We compare tumor accumulation in three tumor types and show a 10-fold difference between a colorectal adenocarcinoma and a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Finally, we show how quantitative predictions of changes in tumor accumulation can be used to optimize drug delivery system s.
28254372	0	5	Tumor	T191	C0027651
28254372	6	18	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28254372	22	43	liposomal doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0717726
28254372	53	59	murine	T015	C0026809
28254372	60	66	models	T008	C0599779
28254372	79	87	delivery	T074	C0085104
28254372	88	98	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28254372	108	121	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
28254372	127	138	solid tumor	T191	C0280100
28254372	183	191	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28254372	196	204	survival	T169	C0220921
28254372	206	219	Extravasation	T046	C0015376
28254372	225	236	circulation	T040	C1516559
28254372	244	249	tumor	T191	C0027651
28254372	326	342	drug accumulates	UnknownType	C0678759
28254372	350	355	tumor	T191	C0027651
28254372	405	418	extravasation	T046	C0015376
28254372	424	435	circulation	T040	C1516559
28254372	481	486	study	T062	C0008972
28254372	522	534	optimization	T052	C2698650
28254372	538	559	drug delivery systems	T074	C0085104
28254372	574	590	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
28254372	594	615	liposomal doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0717726
28254372	619	624	tumor	T191	C0027651
28254372	635	640	tumor	T191	C0027651
28254372	649	653	mice	T015	C0026809
28254372	657	678	quantitatively assess	T081	C0034384
28254372	683	697	rate constants	T081	C2986811
28254372	702	714	distribution	UnknownType	C0699903
28254372	716	727	elimination	T040	C0683141
28254372	733	738	tumor	T191	C0027651
28254372	739	751	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28254372	774	788	rate constants	T081	C2986811
28254372	796	801	tumor	T191	C0027651
28254372	812	832	drug delivery system	T074	C0085104
28254372	845	850	tumor	T191	C0027651
28254372	851	863	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28254372	873	878	tumor	T191	C0027651
28254372	925	950	colorectal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1319315
28254372	957	982	pancreatic adenocarcinoma	T191	C0281361
28254372	1005	1029	quantitative predictions	T081	C0034384
28254372	1044	1049	tumor	T191	C0027651
28254372	1050	1062	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28254372	1078	1086	optimize	T052	C2698650
28254372	1087	1107	drug delivery system	T074	C0085104

28254544|t|Melatonin and nitric oxide regulate sunflower seedling growth under salt stress accompanying differential expression of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD
28254544|a|Salinity results in significant reduction in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seedling growth and excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Present work highlights the possible role of melatonin as an antioxidant through its interaction with nitric oxide (NO), and as an early and long distance NaCl-stress sensing signaling molecule in seedling cotyledons. Exogenous melatonin (15µM)± NaCl (120mM) inhibit seedling growth, which is also correlated with NO availability, accumulation of potential superoxide anion (O2(•-)) and peroxynitrite anion (ONOO(-)), extent of tyrosine-nitration of proteins, spatial localization and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoforms. NO acts as a positive modulator of melatonin accumulation in seedling cotyledons as a long-distance signaling response. Modulation of superoxide anion and peroxynitrite anion content by melatonin highlights its crucial role in combating deleterious effects of ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Present findings provide evidence for an interaction between melatonin and NO in their effect on seedling growth under salt stress accompanying differential modulation of two SOD isoforms, i.e. Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD.
28254544	0	9	Melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28254544	14	26	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28254544	27	35	regulate	T040	C3269637
28254544	36	45	sunflower	T002	C0947381
28254544	46	61	seedling growth	T040	C3156975
28254544	68	79	salt stress	T043	C1154956
28254544	106	116	expression	T045	C1171362
28254544	120	129	Cu/Zn SOD	T116,T126	C0010461
28254544	134	140	Mn SOD	T116,T126	C0024708
28254544	141	157	Salinity results	T043	C1154956
28254544	161	182	significant reduction	T080	C0392756
28254544	186	195	sunflower	T002	C0947381
28254544	197	217	Helianthus annuus L.	T002	C0947381
28254544	219	234	seedling growth	T040	C3156975
28254544	263	286	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28254544	288	291	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28254544	339	348	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28254544	355	366	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28254544	396	408	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28254544	410	412	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28254544	449	460	NaCl-stress	T043	C1154956
28254544	469	487	signaling molecule	T123	C1519315
28254544	491	499	seedling	T002	C0242437
28254544	500	510	cotyledons	T002	C0242769
28254544	512	521	Exogenous	T169	C0205228
28254544	522	531	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28254544	540	544	NaCl	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
28254544	553	560	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28254544	561	576	seedling growth	T040	C3156975
28254544	608	610	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28254544	641	667	potential superoxide anion	T196	C0038836
28254544	669	675	O2(•-)	T196	C0038836
28254544	681	700	peroxynitrite anion	T123,T197	C0136157
28254544	702	709	ONOO(-)	T123,T197	C0136157
28254544	722	740	tyrosine-nitration	T044	C4050156
28254544	744	752	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28254544	754	774	spatial localization	T169	C0475264
28254544	779	811	activity of superoxide dismutase	T044	C1151619
28254544	813	816	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28254544	818	826	isoforms	T116	C0597298
28254544	828	830	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28254544	863	872	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28254544	889	897	seedling	T002	C0242437
28254544	898	908	cotyledons	T002	C0242769
28254544	914	946	long-distance signaling response	T044	C1514991
28254544	948	978	Modulation of superoxide anion	T040	C2246284
28254544	983	1002	peroxynitrite anion	T123,T197	C0136157
28254544	1014	1023	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28254544	1088	1091	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28254544	1096	1121	reactive nitrogen species	T104,T123	C0969698
28254544	1190	1199	melatonin	T109,T121,T125	C0025219
28254544	1204	1206	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28254544	1226	1241	seedling growth	T040	C3156975
28254544	1248	1272	salt stress accompanying	T043	C1154956
28254544	1304	1307	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28254544	1308	1316	isoforms	T116	C0597298
28254544	1323	1332	Cu/Zn SOD	T116,T126	C0010461
28254544	1337	1343	Mn SOD	T116,T126	C0024708

28254935|t|Persistent effects of pre-Columbian plant domestication on Amazonian forest composition
28254935|a|The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five times more likely than nondomesticated species to be hyperdominant. Across the basin, the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples.
28254935	0	10	Persistent	T079	C0205322
28254935	11	18	effects	T080	C1280500
28254935	22	35	pre-Columbian	T081	C0032659
28254935	36	41	plant	T002	C0032098
28254935	42	55	domestication	T078	C0175819
28254935	59	75	Amazonian forest	T070	C0086312
28254935	76	87	composition	T201	C0486616
28254935	108	121	pre-Columbian	T081	C0032659
28254935	122	131	societies	T092	C0037455
28254935	140	149	Amazonian	T070	C0086312
28254935	150	160	landscapes	T082	C0870781
28254935	194	213	basin-wide analysis	T062	C0936012
28254935	217	230	pre-Columbian	T081	C0032659
28254935	231	238	impacts	T080	C4049986
28254935	242	259	Amazonian forests	T070	C0086312
28254935	280	300	archaeological sites	T082	C0205145
28254935	304	312	Amazonia	UnknownType	C0681784
28254935	340	350	abundances	T080	C2346714
28254935	357	362	woody	T002	C0040811
28254935	363	370	species	T185	C1705920
28254935	371	383	domesticated	T078	C0175819
28254935	387	400	pre-Columbian	T081	C0032659
28254935	401	408	peoples	T098	C0027361
28254935	410	422	Domesticated	T078	C0175819
28254935	423	430	species	T185	C1705920
28254935	463	486	nondomesticated species	T185	C1705920
28254935	493	506	hyperdominant	T169	C1527180
28254935	539	548	abundance	T080	C2346714
28254935	553	561	richness	T080	C0205556
28254935	565	577	domesticated	T078	C0175819
28254935	578	585	species	T185	C1705920
28254935	598	605	forests	T070	C0086312
28254935	620	640	archaeological sites	T082	C0205145
28254935	645	678	southwestern and eastern Amazonia	UnknownType	C0681784
28254935	692	712	archaeological sites	T082	C0205145
28254935	746	755	abundance	T080	C2346714
28254935	772	784	domesticated	T078	C0175819
28254935	785	792	species	T185	C1705920
28254935	798	806	analyses	T062	C0936012
28254935	828	832	tree	T002	C0040811
28254935	833	844	communities	T096	C0009462
28254935	848	856	Amazonia	UnknownType	C0681784
28254935	905	912	history	T169	C0019665
28254935	916	921	plant	T002	C0032098
28254935	922	935	domestication	T078	C0175819
28254935	939	948	Amazonian	T070	C0086312
28254935	949	956	peoples	T098	C0027361

28255317|t|The effect of Nigella sativa on inflammation - induced myocardial fibrosis in male rats
28255317|a|Nigella sativa (NS) (Ranunculaceae) used as a protective and therapeutic traditional medicine. This study evaluates the effect of NS on inflammation - induced myocardial fibrosis, serum and tissue inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress status in male rats. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: (1) control; (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 1 mg/kg/day; (3) LPS + NS (hydroalcoholic extract), 100 mg/kg/day; (4) LPS + NS, 200 mg/kg/day; (5) LPS + NS, 400 mg/kg/day (n = 10 in each group). The duration of LPS administration was two weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken and ventricles were homogenized and stained for histological evaluation. Serum nitrite levels were lower in LPS group than the control group (22.98 ± 1.03 vs 28.5 ± 0.93 μmol/L), in which they were significantly increased by NS treatment (P < 0.05). Higher levels of heart interlukine-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were observed in LPS group compared to the controls (IL-6: 6805 ± 656 vs 4733 ± 691 pg/mL; TNF-α: 6504 ± 501 vs 5309 ± 452 pg/mL), in which they were reduced by NS 400 mg/kg compared to LPS groups (P < 0.05). A significant increment of malondialdehyde and reduction in heart total thiol, superoxide dismutase and catalase concentrations were observed in LPS group (p < 0.05) which significantly restored with treatment by three doses of NS. Histopathological studies showed higher inflammatory cell infiltrates, cardiac fibrosis, and collagen deposition in LPS group, which were reduced by the administration of NS. Treatment by NS reduced myocardial fibrosis in inflammation - induced fibrosis, possibly through improving oxidative / anti-oxidative balance.
28255317	4	13	effect of	T080	C1704420
28255317	14	28	Nigella sativa	T002	C1140702
28255317	32	44	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28255317	47	54	induced	T169	C0205263
28255317	55	74	myocardial fibrosis	T046	C0151654
28255317	78	82	male	T032	C0086582
28255317	83	87	rats	T015	C0086893
28255317	88	102	Nigella sativa	T002	C1140702
28255317	104	106	NS	T002	C1140702
28255317	109	122	Ranunculaceae	T002	C0446214
28255317	134	144	protective	T121	C0033613
28255317	149	160	therapeutic	T169	C0039798
28255317	161	181	traditional medicine	T091	C0025131
28255317	194	203	evaluates	T058	C0220825
28255317	208	217	effect of	T080	C1704420
28255317	218	220	NS	T002	C1140702
28255317	224	236	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28255317	239	246	induced	T169	C0205263
28255317	247	266	myocardial fibrosis	T046	C0151654
28255317	268	273	serum	T031	C0229671
28255317	278	284	tissue	T024	C0040300
28255317	285	297	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28255317	311	327	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28255317	328	334	status	T080	C0449438
28255317	338	342	male	T032	C0086582
28255317	343	347	rats	T015	C0086893
28255317	355	359	male	T032	C0086582
28255317	360	371	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
28255317	377	384	divided	T169	C0332849
28255317	395	401	groups	T078	C0441833
28255317	407	414	control	T096	C0009932
28255317	420	438	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28255317	440	443	LPS	T109	C0023810
28255317	463	466	LPS	T109	C0023810
28255317	469	471	NS	T002	C1140702
28255317	473	495	hydroalcoholic extract	T123	C0032081
28255317	517	520	LPS	T109	C0023810
28255317	523	525	NS	T002	C1140702
28255317	546	549	LPS	T109	C0023810
28255317	552	554	NS	T002	C1140702
28255317	586	591	group	T078	C0441833
28255317	598	606	duration	T079	C0449238
28255317	610	613	LPS	T109	C0023810
28255317	614	628	administration	T058	C3469597
28255317	637	642	weeks	T079	C0439230
28255317	662	672	experiment	T062	C0205664
28255317	674	687	blood samples	T031	C0178913
28255317	703	713	ventricles	T023	C2355627
28255317	719	730	homogenized	T059	C0022885
28255317	735	742	stained	T059	C0487602
28255317	747	759	histological	T059	C0019637
28255317	760	770	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28255317	772	777	Serum	T031	C0229671
28255317	778	792	nitrite levels	T059	C0523792
28255317	798	803	lower	T052	C2003888
28255317	807	810	LPS	T109	C0023810
28255317	811	816	group	T078	C0441833
28255317	826	839	control group	T096	C0009932
28255317	911	920	increased	T081	C0205217
28255317	924	926	NS	T002	C1140702
28255317	927	936	treatment	T061	C0087111
28255317	956	985	levels of heart interlukine-6	T059	C0919829
28255317	987	991	IL-6	T059	C0919829
28255317	997	1020	tumor necrosis factor-α	T059	C1168005
28255317	1022	1027	TNF-α	T059	C1168005
28255317	1046	1049	LPS	T109	C0023810
28255317	1050	1055	group	T078	C0441833
28255317	1056	1064	compared	T052	C1707455
28255317	1072	1080	controls	T096	C0009932
28255317	1082	1086	IL-6	T059	C0919829
28255317	1120	1125	TNF-α	T059	C1168005
28255317	1179	1186	reduced	T080	C0392756
28255317	1190	1192	NS	T002	C1140702
28255317	1203	1211	compared	T052	C1707455
28255317	1215	1218	LPS	T109	C0023810
28255317	1219	1225	groups	T078	C0441833
28255317	1240	1251	significant	T078	C0750502
28255317	1252	1261	increment	T081	C1705117
28255317	1265	1280	malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
28255317	1285	1294	reduction	T080	C0392756
28255317	1298	1303	heart	T023	C0018787
28255317	1304	1309	total	T080	C0439810
28255317	1310	1315	thiol	T109	C0038734
28255317	1317	1337	superoxide dismutase	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28255317	1342	1350	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
28255317	1351	1365	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28255317	1383	1386	LPS	T109	C0023810
28255317	1387	1392	group	T078	C0441833
28255317	1424	1432	restored	T061	C1283255
28255317	1438	1447	treatment	T061	C0087111
28255317	1457	1462	doses	T081	C0178602
28255317	1466	1468	NS	T002	C1140702
28255317	1470	1487	Histopathological	T169	C0243140
28255317	1488	1495	studies	T062	C2603343
28255317	1503	1509	higher	T080	C0205250
28255317	1510	1539	inflammatory cell infiltrates	T031	C0541629
28255317	1541	1557	cardiac fibrosis	T047	C1397307
28255317	1563	1571	collagen	T116	C0009325
28255317	1572	1582	deposition	T169	C0333562
28255317	1586	1589	LPS	T109	C0023810
28255317	1590	1595	group	T078	C0441833
28255317	1608	1615	reduced	T080	C0392756
28255317	1623	1637	administration	T058	C3469597
28255317	1641	1643	NS	T002	C1140702
28255317	1645	1654	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28255317	1658	1660	NS	T002	C1140702
28255317	1669	1688	myocardial fibrosis	T046	C0151654
28255317	1692	1704	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28255317	1707	1714	induced	T169	C0205263
28255317	1715	1723	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28255317	1742	1751	improving	T080	C1272745
28255317	1752	1761	oxidative	T169	C0311404
28255317	1764	1778	anti-oxidative	T033	C0243095
28255317	1779	1786	balance	T169	C0205415

28256192|t|The Insect Pathogens
28256192|a|Fungi are the most common disease-causing agents of insects; aside from playing a crucial role in natural ecosystems, insect -killing fungi are being used as alternatives to chemical insecticides and as resources for biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. Some common experimentally tractable genera, such as Metarhizium spp ., exemplify genetic diversity and dispersal because they contain numerous intraspecific variants with distinct environmental and insect host ranges. The availability of tools for molecular genetics and multiple sequenced genomes has made these fungi ideal experimental models for answering basic questions on the genetic and genomic processes behind adaptive phenotypes. For example, comparative genomics of entomopathogenic fungi has shown they exhibit diverse reproductive modes that often determine rates and patterns of genome evolution and are linked as cause or effect with pathogenic strategies. Fungal - insect pathogens represent lifestyle adaptations that evolved numerous times, and there are significant differences in host range and pathogenic strategies between the major groups. However, typically, spores landing on the cuticle produce appressoria and infection pegs that breach the cuticle using mechanical pressure and cuticle - degrading enzymes. Once inside the insect body cavity, fungal pathogens face a potent and comprehensively studied immune defense by which the host attempts to eliminate or reduce an infection. The Fungal Kingdom stands alone in the range, extent, and complexity of their manipulation of arthropod behavior. In part, this is because most only sporulate on cadavers, so they must ensure the dying host positions itself to allow efficient transmission.
28256192	4	10	Insect	T204	C0021585
28256192	11	20	Pathogens	T001	C0450254
28256192	21	26	Fungi	T004	C0016832
28256192	47	69	disease-causing agents	T169	C0015127
28256192	73	80	insects	T204	C0021585
28256192	119	137	natural ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28256192	139	145	insect	T204	C0021585
28256192	155	160	fungi	T004	C0016832
28256192	195	216	chemical insecticides	T131	C0021576
28256192	224	233	resources	T078	C0035201
28256192	238	251	biotechnology	T091	C0005574
28256192	256	271	pharmaceuticals	T093	C0013185
28256192	285	316	experimentally tractable genera	T185	C1708235
28256192	326	341	Metarhizium spp	T004	C0997671
28256192	355	372	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
28256192	377	386	dispersal	T067	C1522240
28256192	417	439	intraspecific variants	T080	C0205419
28256192	454	467	environmental	T082	C0014406
28256192	472	478	insect	T204	C0021585
28256192	479	490	host ranges	T070	C2936413
28256192	522	540	molecular genetics	T091	C0086345
28256192	564	571	genomes	T028	C0017428
28256192	587	592	fungi	T004	C0016832
28256192	599	618	experimental models	T170	C0086272
28256192	656	663	genetic	T070	C1136308
28256192	668	685	genomic processes	T070	C1254365
28256192	702	712	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28256192	739	747	genomics	T091	C0887950
28256192	751	773	entomopathogenic fungi	T004	C0016832
28256192	805	823	reproductive modes	T039	C0442692
28256192	845	850	rates	T081	C1521828
28256192	855	863	patterns	T082	C0449774
28256192	867	873	genome	T028	C0017428
28256192	874	883	evolution	T045	C0015219
28256192	902	907	cause	T169	C0015127
28256192	911	917	effect	T080	C1280500
28256192	923	944	pathogenic strategies	T169	C0543483
28256192	946	952	Fungal	T169	C0521033
28256192	955	961	insect	T204	C0021585
28256192	962	971	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28256192	982	1003	lifestyle adaptations	T038	C0392673
28256192	1047	1058	significant	T078	C0750502
28256192	1059	1070	differences	T081	C1705241
28256192	1074	1084	host range	T070	C2936413
28256192	1089	1110	pathogenic strategies	T169	C0543483
28256192	1129	1135	groups	T078	C0441833
28256192	1157	1163	spores	T001	C0038027
28256192	1179	1186	cuticle	T002	C2699479
28256192	1195	1206	appressoria	T040	C2611330
28256192	1211	1225	infection pegs	T046	C3714514
28256192	1242	1249	cuticle	T002	C2699479
28256192	1256	1275	mechanical pressure	T067	C0596891
28256192	1280	1287	cuticle	T002	C2699479
28256192	1290	1299	degrading	T044	C0314674
28256192	1300	1307	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28256192	1325	1331	insect	T204	C0021585
28256192	1332	1343	body cavity	T030	C0333343
28256192	1345	1361	fungal pathogens	T004	C0016832
28256192	1404	1410	immune	T169	C0439662
28256192	1411	1418	defense	T077	C1880266
28256192	1432	1436	host	T001	C1167395
28256192	1462	1468	reduce	T080	C0392756
28256192	1472	1481	infection	T046	C3714514
28256192	1487	1501	Fungal Kingdom	T004	C0016832
28256192	1522	1527	range	T081	C1514721
28256192	1529	1535	extent	T082	C0439792
28256192	1541	1551	complexity	T080	C0439855
28256192	1561	1573	manipulation	T053	C0018578
28256192	1577	1586	arthropod	T204	C0003903
28256192	1587	1595	behavior	T053	C0004935
28256192	1632	1641	sporulate	T043	C2613267
28256192	1645	1653	cadavers	T017	C0006629
28256192	1679	1684	dying	T040	C0184532
28256192	1685	1689	host	T001	C1167395
28256192	1716	1725	efficient	T080	C0442799
28256192	1726	1738	transmission	T070	C1521797

28256742|t|Halogenated phenolic compounds in wild fish from Canadian Areas of Concern
28256742|a|Concentrations of halogenated phenolic compounds were measured in the plasma of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) from 4 Canadian Areas of Concern (AOCs), to assess exposure to suspected thyroid - disrupting chemicals. Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) were detected in every sample collected in 3 of the AOCs; the detection frequency was lower in samples from the Detroit River AOC. The OH-PCBs most frequently detected were pentachloro, hexachloro, and heptachloro congeners, which are structurally similar to thyroid hormones. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was detected at highest concentrations (1.8 ng/g) in fish from Prince Edward Bay, the Bay of Quinte Lake reference site, and Hillman Marsh (the Wheatley Harbour reference site), suggesting local sources of contamination. Elevated PCP concentrations were also detected in the plasma of brown bullhead from exposed sites in the Toronto and Region AOC (0.4-0.6 ng/g). Triclosan was consistently detected in the Toronto and Region AOC (0.05-0.9 ng/g), consistent with wastewater emission. Greater concentrations were occasionally detected in the plasma of brown bullhead from the Bay of Quinte AOC. Concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers were highest in the Toronto and Region AOC, and at 2 of the Bay of Quinte AOC exposed sites near Trenton and Belleville. Distribution patterns reflected the properties and usage of the compounds under investigation and the characteristics of each AOC. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;9999:1-8. © 2017 SETAC.
28256742	0	30	Halogenated phenolic compounds	T109	C1959882
28256742	34	43	wild fish	T013	C0016163
28256742	49	63	Canadian Areas	T083	C0006823
28256742	67	74	Concern	T078	C2699424
28256742	93	123	halogenated phenolic compounds	T109	C1959882
28256742	145	151	plasma	T031	C0032105
28256742	155	169	brown bullhead	T013	C0328325
28256742	171	189	Ameiurus nebulosus	T013	C0328325
28256742	198	212	Canadian Areas	T083	C0006823
28256742	216	223	Concern	T078	C2699424
28256742	225	229	AOCs	T083	C0006823
28256742	264	271	thyroid	T023	C0040132
28256742	274	294	disrupting chemicals	T131	C1568245
28256742	296	334	Hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls	T109,T131	C0032447
28256742	336	343	OH-PCBs	T109,T131	C0032447
28256742	397	401	AOCs	T083	C0006823
28256742	407	416	detection	T061	C1511790
28256742	417	426	frequency	T079	C0439603
28256742	457	470	Detroit River	T070	C0337050
28256742	471	474	AOC	T083	C0006823
28256742	480	487	OH-PCBs	T109,T131	C0032447
28256742	518	568	pentachloro, hexachloro, and heptachloro congeners	T104	C0678518
28256742	604	620	thyroid hormones	T116,T125	C0040135
28256742	622	639	Pentachlorophenol	T109,T131	C0030855
28256742	641	644	PCP	T109,T131	C0030855
28256742	699	703	fish	T013	C0016163
28256742	709	726	Prince Edward Bay	T083	C3203003
28256742	732	765	Bay of Quinte Lake reference site	T083	C3203003
28256742	771	784	Hillman Marsh	T073	C0475311
28256742	786	821	the Wheatley Harbour reference site	T073	C0475311
28256742	841	865	sources of contamination	T057	C2728510
28256742	867	894	Elevated PCP concentrations	T059	C0524230
28256742	921	927	plasma	T031	C0032105
28256742	931	945	brown bullhead	T013	C0328325
28256742	972	994	Toronto and Region AOC	T083	C0006823
28256742	1011	1020	Triclosan	T109,T121	C0040958
28256742	1054	1076	Toronto and Region AOC	T083	C0006823
28256742	1110	1120	wastewater	T083	C0450237
28256742	1188	1194	plasma	T031	C0032105
28256742	1198	1212	brown bullhead	T013	C0328325
28256742	1222	1235	Bay of Quinte	T083	C3203003
28256742	1236	1239	AOC	T083	C0006823
28256742	1259	1289	polybrominated diphenyl ethers	T109,T131	C2350562
28256742	1310	1332	Toronto and Region AOC	T083	C0006823
28256742	1350	1363	Bay of Quinte	T083	C3203003
28256742	1364	1367	AOC	T083	C0006823
28256742	1387	1409	Trenton and Belleville	T083	C0006823
28256742	1411	1432	Distribution patterns	T082	C0449775
28256742	1447	1457	properties	T070	C0243178
28256742	1462	1467	usage	T169	C0457083
28256742	1491	1504	investigation	T062	C0683933
28256742	1513	1528	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28256742	1537	1540	AOC	T083	C0006823

28257135|t|The value of lacrimal scintillography in the assessment of patients with epiphora
28257135|a|PurposeTo assess the influence of dacryoscintillography (DSG) on the treatment decision for patients with epiphora and clinically patent non-functioning lacrimal systems .MethodsA retrospective 3-year review. Inclusion: patients having DSG for epiphora with delayed tear clearance, lacrimal system patency on syringing, and no visible external cause for watering. On the basis of regurgitation during syringing, tear ducts were divided into freely patent (FP ≤20%) or stenosed. The DSG results were examined for correlation with symptoms and clinical examination, the influence on decision to proceed to dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), and the ability to predict the surgical outcome .ResultsA total of 242 eyes were examined. The clinical diagnosis was FP in 45.5%, nasolacrimal duct stenosis (NLDS) in 26.4%, and other in 3.3%. The DSG was normal in 30.9% of FP and 18.7% of NLDS eyes. Of the asymptomatic eyes, 46.7% had an abnormal DSG. DSG sensitivity was 73.6% and specificity 53.3%. There was no significant difference in DSG results in those with FP or NLDS. DCR was recommended in 39.1% of the symptomatic eyes with abnormal DSG. DCR surgery was considered inappropriate in all 46 eyes with normal DSG. DCR was successful in 76.5%, however, the DSG result did not affect the success of surgery .Conclusion DSG has severe limitations due to lack of correlation with symptoms and clinical examination, inability to separate lacrimal duct narrowing from lacrimal pump function, and inability to predict the results of surgery. DSG can at best provide limited guidance on whether to proceed to DCR surgery .Eye advance online publication, 3 March 2017; doi:10.1038/eye.2017.20.
28257135	13	37	lacrimal scintillography	T060	C0430022
28257135	59	67	patients	T101	C0030705
28257135	73	81	epiphora	T047	C0152227
28257135	103	112	influence	T077	C4054723
28257135	116	137	dacryoscintillography	T060	C0430022
28257135	139	142	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	151	169	treatment decision	T033	C4061230
28257135	174	182	patients	T101	C0030705
28257135	188	196	epiphora	T047	C0152227
28257135	201	218	clinically patent	T033	C0243095
28257135	219	234	non-functioning	T033	C3841832
28257135	235	251	lacrimal systems	T023	C0022903
28257135	262	289	retrospective 3-year review	T062	C0035363
28257135	302	310	patients	T101	C0030705
28257135	318	321	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	326	334	epiphora	T047	C0152227
28257135	340	362	delayed tear clearance	T033	C0243095
28257135	364	400	lacrimal system patency on syringing	T033	C0243095
28257135	436	444	watering	T184	C3257803
28257135	462	475	regurgitation	T169	C0460152
28257135	483	492	syringing	T061	C0430882
28257135	494	504	tear ducts	T023	C0459624
28257135	523	536	freely patent	T033	C0429498
28257135	538	540	FP	T033	C0429498
28257135	550	558	stenosed	T169	C0333181
28257135	564	567	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	568	575	results	T169	C1274040
28257135	594	605	correlation	T080	C1707520
28257135	611	619	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28257135	624	644	clinical examination	T033	C1456356
28257135	686	707	dacryocystorhinostomy	T061	C0010931
28257135	709	712	DCR	T061	C0010931
28257135	746	762	surgical outcome	T080	C0085415
28257135	786	790	eyes	T023	C0015392
28257135	796	804	examined	T033	C0332128
28257135	810	828	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
28257135	833	835	FP	T033	C0429498
28257135	846	872	nasolacrimal duct stenosis	T033	C0238300
28257135	874	878	NLDS	T033	C0238300
28257135	913	916	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	940	942	FP	T033	C0429498
28257135	956	960	NLDS	T033	C0238300
28257135	961	965	eyes	T023	C0015392
28257135	974	986	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28257135	987	991	eyes	T023	C0015392
28257135	1015	1018	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	1020	1023	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	1108	1111	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	1112	1119	results	T169	C1274040
28257135	1134	1136	FP	T033	C0429498
28257135	1140	1144	NLDS	T033	C0238300
28257135	1146	1149	DCR	T061	C0010931
28257135	1182	1193	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28257135	1194	1198	eyes	T033	C0231221
28257135	1213	1216	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	1218	1229	DCR surgery	T061	C0010931
28257135	1245	1258	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
28257135	1269	1273	eyes	T033	C0231221
28257135	1286	1289	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	1291	1294	DCR	T061	C0010931
28257135	1333	1336	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	1374	1381	surgery	T169	C0038895
28257135	1394	1397	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	1409	1420	limitations	T169	C0449295
28257135	1436	1447	correlation	T080	C1707520
28257135	1453	1461	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28257135	1466	1486	clinical examination	T033	C1456356
28257135	1510	1533	lacrimal duct narrowing	T190	C3854333
28257135	1539	1561	lacrimal pump function	T042	C1254358
28257135	1592	1599	results	T169	C1274040
28257135	1603	1610	surgery	T169	C0038895
28257135	1612	1615	DSG	T060	C0430022
28257135	1678	1689	DCR surgery	T061	C0010931

28257468|t|The genetic basis for variation in resistance to infection in the Drosophila melanogaster genetic reference panel
28257468|a|Individuals vary extensively in the way they respond to disease but the genetic basis of this variation is not fully understood. We found substantial individual variation in resistance and tolerance to the fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae Ma549 using the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP). In addition, we found that host defense to Ma549 was correlated with defense to the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa14, and several previously published DGRP phenotypes including oxidative stress sensitivity, starvation stress resistance, hemolymph glucose levels, and sleep indices. We identified polymorphisms associated with differences between lines in both their mean survival times and microenvironmental plasticity, suggesting that lines differ in their ability to adapt to variable pathogen exposures. The majority of polymorphisms increasing resistance to Ma549 were sex biased, located in non-coding regions, had moderately large effect and were rare, suggesting that there is a general cost to defense. Nevertheless, host defense was not negatively correlated with overall longevity and fecundity. In contrast to Ma549, minor alleles were concentrated in the most Pa14 - susceptible as well as the most Pa14 - resistant lines. A pathway based analysis revealed a network of Pa14 and Ma549 - resistance genes that are functionally connected through processes that encompass phagocytosis and engulfment, cell mobility, intermediary metabolism, protein phosphorylation, axon guidance, response to DNA damage, and drug metabolism. Functional testing with insertional mutagenesis lines indicates that 12/13 candidate genes tested influence susceptibility to Ma549. Many candidate genes have homologs identified in studies of human disease, suggesting that genes affecting variation in susceptibility are conserved across species.
28257468	4	11	genetic	T169	C0314603
28257468	22	31	variation	T070	C0042333
28257468	35	45	resistance	T039	C1514892
28257468	49	58	infection	T046	C3714514
28257468	66	113	Drosophila melanogaster genetic reference panel	T204	C0013139
28257468	114	125	Individuals	T098	C0027361
28257468	170	177	disease	T047	C0012634
28257468	186	193	genetic	T169	C0314603
28257468	208	217	variation	T070	C0042333
28257468	264	274	individual	T098	C0027361
28257468	275	284	variation	T070	C0042333
28257468	288	298	resistance	T039	C1514892
28257468	303	312	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28257468	320	364	fungal pathogen Metarhizium anisopliae Ma549	T004	C0997672
28257468	375	422	Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel	T204	C0013139
28257468	424	428	DGRP	T204	C0013139
28257468	458	470	host defense	T042	C0520990
28257468	474	479	Ma549	T004	C0997672
28257468	500	507	defense	T077	C1880266
28257468	515	524	bacterium	T007	C0004611
28257468	525	552	Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa14	T007	C0033809
28257468	587	591	DGRP	T204	C0013139
28257468	592	602	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28257468	613	629	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28257468	630	641	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28257468	643	653	starvation	T033	C0038187
28257468	654	671	stress resistance	UnknownType	C0678683
28257468	673	682	hemolymph	T031	C0019051
28257468	683	697	glucose levels	T059	C0337438
28257468	703	708	sleep	T040	C0037313
28257468	709	716	indices	T170	C0918012
28257468	732	745	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
28257468	746	761	associated with	T080	C0332281
28257468	762	773	differences	T080	C1705242
28257468	802	821	mean survival times	T081	C0086595
28257468	826	844	microenvironmental	T082	C4072789
28257468	845	855	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28257468	879	885	differ	T080	C1705242
28257468	895	902	ability	T032	C0085732
28257468	906	911	adapt	T038	C0392673
28257468	915	923	variable	T080	C0439828
28257468	924	932	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28257468	933	942	exposures	T080	C0332157
28257468	960	973	polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
28257468	974	984	increasing	T169	C0442808
28257468	985	995	resistance	T039	C1514892
28257468	999	1004	Ma549	T004	C0997672
28257468	1010	1020	sex biased	T078	C0242568
28257468	1033	1051	non-coding regions	T114,T123	C0021920
28257468	1074	1080	effect	T080	C1280500
28257468	1139	1146	defense	T077	C1880266
28257468	1162	1174	host defense	T042	C0520990
28257468	1194	1204	correlated	T080	C1707520
28257468	1218	1227	longevity	T079	C0023980
28257468	1232	1241	fecundity	T040	C0015895
28257468	1258	1263	Ma549	T004	C0997672
28257468	1265	1278	minor alleles	T028	C0002085
28257468	1309	1313	Pa14	T007	C0033809
28257468	1316	1327	susceptible	T169	C0231204
28257468	1348	1352	Pa14	T007	C0033809
28257468	1355	1364	resistant	T039	C1514892
28257468	1374	1381	pathway	T077	C1705987
28257468	1388	1396	analysis	T062	C0936012
28257468	1419	1423	Pa14	T007	C0033809
28257468	1428	1433	Ma549	T004	C0997672
28257468	1436	1446	resistance	T039	C1514892
28257468	1447	1452	genes	T028	C0017337
28257468	1462	1474	functionally	T169	C0205245
28257468	1493	1502	processes	T067	C1522240
28257468	1518	1530	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28257468	1535	1545	engulfment	T043	C1159764
28257468	1547	1560	cell mobility	T043	C1516353
28257468	1562	1585	intermediary metabolism	T040	C0025519
28257468	1587	1610	protein phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28257468	1612	1625	axon guidance	T043	C2984268
28257468	1627	1649	response to DNA damage	T043	C1155291
28257468	1655	1670	drug metabolism	T044	C0683140
28257468	1672	1682	Functional	T169	C0205245
28257468	1683	1690	testing	T169	C0039593
28257468	1696	1719	insertional mutagenesis	T045	C0079868
28257468	1747	1762	candidate genes	T028	C0017337
28257468	1763	1769	tested	T169	C0039593
28257468	1770	1779	influence	T077	C4054723
28257468	1780	1794	susceptibility	T169	C0231204
28257468	1798	1803	Ma549	T004	C0997672
28257468	1810	1825	candidate genes	T028	C0017337
28257468	1831	1839	homologs	T085	C0162774
28257468	1854	1861	studies	T062	C0008972
28257468	1865	1870	human	T016	C0086418
28257468	1871	1878	disease	T047	C0012634
28257468	1896	1901	genes	T028	C0017337
28257468	1912	1921	variation	T070	C0042333
28257468	1925	1939	susceptibility	T169	C0231204
28257468	1961	1968	species	T185	C1705920

28258403|t|Structural properties and psychometric improvements of the Health Literacy Questionnaire in a Slovak population
28258403|a|Health literacy is an important determinant of health and health equity and therefore requires robust measurement. The aim was to examine the psychometric properties of the Slovak version of the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) including revised wording of response categories. A cross-sectional survey of the general Slovak adult population (N = 360, mean age 39) was conducted with the HLQ following its translation and cultural adaptation. Psychometric tests (confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability) and association (linear regression, ANOVA) with sociodemographic variables were undertaken. The performance of alternative version of response options were explored with the Mann-Whittney U test and item response theory. A highly restrictive nine-factor confirmatory factor analysis showed acceptable fit [χ (2)WLSMV = 1684 (df = 866), p < 0.0001; CFI = 0.943, TLI = 0.938, RMSEA = 0.051, WRMR = 1.297] and reliability was acceptable (range 0.73-0.84). The revised response categories had a better distribution with lower average scores in three domains, compared with the original, and improved item information curves. The nine HLQ scales are robust, providing a fine-grained assessment of health literacy. The revised response options improve psychometric properties and are recommended for future studies.
28258403	0	10	Structural	T082	C0678594
28258403	11	21	properties	T080	C0871161
28258403	26	38	psychometric	T060	C0033920
28258403	39	51	improvements	T077	C2986411
28258403	59	88	Health Literacy Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28258403	94	100	Slovak	T098	C0337822
28258403	101	111	population	T098	C1257890
28258403	112	127	Health literacy	T065	C2362527
28258403	144	155	determinant	T169	C1521761
28258403	159	165	health	T078	C0018684
28258403	170	183	health equity	T080	C4042901
28258403	207	213	robust	T080	C2986815
28258403	214	225	measurement	T169	C0242485
28258403	254	266	psychometric	T060	C0033920
28258403	267	277	properties	T080	C0871161
28258403	285	291	Slovak	T083	C0206579
28258403	292	299	version	T170	C0333052
28258403	307	336	Health Literacy Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28258403	338	341	HLQ	T170	C0034394
28258403	353	368	revised wording	T169	C0392747
28258403	372	391	response categories	T041	C2911692
28258403	395	417	cross-sectional survey	T062	C0010362
28258403	433	439	Slovak	T098	C0337822
28258403	440	456	adult population	T098	C1257890
28258403	484	493	conducted	T169	C0884358
28258403	503	506	HLQ	T170	C0034394
28258403	507	516	following	T079	C0332282
28258403	521	532	translation	T170	C0040712
28258403	537	556	cultural adaptation	UnknownType	C0680439
28258403	558	570	Psychometric	T060	C0033920
28258403	571	576	tests	T170	C0392366
28258403	578	606	confirmatory factor analysis	T080	C0870334
28258403	608	624	Cronbach's alpha	T170	C0392366
28258403	626	647	composite reliability	T170	C0392366
28258403	653	664	association	T080	C0439849
28258403	666	683	linear regression	T081	C0023733
28258403	685	690	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
28258403	697	723	sociodemographic variables	T080	C0439828
28258403	745	756	performance	T052	C1882330
28258403	760	779	alternative version	T170	C0333052
28258403	783	791	response	T032	C0871261
28258403	792	799	options	T169	C1518601
28258403	823	843	Mann-Whittney U test	T081	C0242927
28258403	848	868	item response theory	T062,T170	C0870753
28258403	872	878	highly	T080	C0205250
28258403	879	890	restrictive	T033	C1704513
28258403	903	931	confirmatory factor analysis	T080	C0870334
28258403	939	949	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28258403	950	953	fit	T052	C2349186
28258403	997	1000	CFI	T080	C0870334
28258403	1010	1013	TLI	T170	C0918012
28258403	1023	1028	RMSEA	T081	C0392762
28258403	1038	1042	WRMR	T081	C0392762
28258403	1056	1067	reliability	T081	C2347947
28258403	1072	1082	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28258403	1084	1089	range	T081	C1514721
28258403	1106	1113	revised	T169	C0392747
28258403	1114	1133	response categories	T041	C2911692
28258403	1140	1146	better	T080	C0332272
28258403	1147	1159	distribution	T169	C1704711
28258403	1165	1170	lower	T080	C0205251
28258403	1171	1185	average scores	T081	C0449820
28258403	1204	1212	compared	T052	C1707455
28258403	1236	1244	improved	T033	C0184511
28258403	1245	1249	item	T071	C1551338
28258403	1250	1268	information curves	T078	C1533716
28258403	1279	1282	HLQ	T170	C0034394
28258403	1283	1289	scales	T170	C0349674
28258403	1294	1300	robust	T080	C2986815
28258403	1327	1337	assessment	T058	C0220825
28258403	1341	1356	health literacy	T065	C2362527
28258403	1362	1369	revised	T169	C0392747
28258403	1370	1378	response	T032	C0871261
28258403	1379	1386	options	T169	C1518601
28258403	1387	1394	improve	T033	C0184511
28258403	1395	1407	psychometric	T060	C0033920
28258403	1408	1418	properties	T080	C0871161
28258403	1427	1438	recommended	T078	C0034866
28258403	1443	1449	future	T079	C0016884
28258403	1450	1457	studies	T062	C2603343

28258572|t|The Physiological Role and Regulation of Aquaporins in Teleost Germ Cells
28258572|a|The unicellular germ cells and gametes of oviparous teleosts lack the osmoregulatory organs present in juveniles and adults, yet during development and particularly at spawning, they face tremendous osmotic challenges when released into the external aquatic environment. Increasing evidence suggests that transmembrane water channels (aquaporins) evolved to play vital adaptive roles that mitigate the osmotic and oxidative stress problems of the developing oocytes, embryos and spermatozoa. In this chapter, we provide a short overview of the diversity of the aquaporin superfamily in teleosts, and summarize the findings that uncovered a highly specific molecular regulation of aquaporins during oogenesis and spermatogenesis. We further review the multiple functions that these channels play during the establishment of egg buoyancy and the activation and detoxification of spermatozoa in the marine environment.
28258572	4	17	Physiological	T169	C0205463
28258572	27	37	Regulation	T038	C1327622
28258572	41	51	Aquaporins	T116,T123	C0599635
28258572	55	62	Teleost	T013	C0599050
28258572	63	73	Germ Cells	T025	C0017471
28258572	90	100	germ cells	T025	C0017471
28258572	105	112	gametes	T025	C2718310
28258572	116	125	oviparous	T042	C1568405
28258572	126	134	teleosts	T013	C0599050
28258572	144	158	osmoregulatory	T043	C1510659
28258572	159	165	organs	T023	C0178784
28258572	177	186	juveniles	T100	C3146221
28258572	191	197	adults	T100	C0001675
28258572	210	221	development	T039	C0243107
28258572	242	250	spawning	T032	C2826216
28258572	273	280	osmotic	T169	C0311417
28258572	281	291	challenges	T033	C0033213
28258572	315	323	external	T082	C0205101
28258572	324	343	aquatic environment	T067	C0563034
28258572	379	407	transmembrane water channels	T116,T123	C0599635
28258572	409	419	aquaporins	T116,T123	C0599635
28258572	463	471	mitigate	T067	C1553901
28258572	476	483	osmotic	T070	C3661513
28258572	488	504	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28258572	505	513	problems	T033	C0033213
28258572	521	531	developing	T039	C0243107
28258572	532	539	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28258572	541	548	embryos	T018	C0013935
28258572	553	564	spermatozoa	T025	C0037868
28258572	618	627	diversity	T080	C1880371
28258572	635	644	aquaporin	T116,T123	C0599635
28258572	660	668	teleosts	T013	C0599050
28258572	730	750	molecular regulation	T044	C1817179
28258572	754	764	aquaporins	T116,T123	C0599635
28258572	772	781	oogenesis	T042	C0029047
28258572	786	801	spermatogenesis	T043	C0037864
28258572	855	863	channels	T116,T123	C0599635
28258572	897	900	egg	T025	C0029974
28258572	901	909	buoyancy	T039	C1622066
28258572	918	928	activation	T052	C1879547
28258572	933	947	detoxification	T061	C0150543
28258572	951	962	spermatozoa	T025	C0037868
28258572	970	976	marine	T083	C0036493
28258572	977	988	environment	T082	C0014406

28258925|t|Parkinsonian gait improves with bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation during cognitive multi-tasking
28258925|a|Gait impairment in Parkinson's disease reduces mobility and increases fall risk, particularly during cognitive multi-tasking. Studies suggest that bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation, a common surgical therapy, degrades motor performance under cognitive dual-task conditions, compared to unilateral stimulation. To measure the impact of bilateral versus unilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation on walking kinematics with and without cognitive dual-tasking. Gait kinematics of seventeen patients with advanced Parkinson's disease who had undergone bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation were examined off medication under three stimulation states (bilateral, unilateral left, unilateral right) with and without a cognitive challenge, using an instrumented walkway system. Consistent with earlier studies, gait performance declined for all six measured parameters under cognitive dual-task conditions, independent of stimulation state. However, bilateral stimulation produced greater improvements in step length and double-limb support time than unilateral stimulation, and achieved similar performance for other gait parameters. Contrary to expectations from earlier studies of dual-task motor performance, bilateral subthalamic deep brain stimulation may assist in maintaining temporal and spatial gait performance under cognitive dual-task conditions.
28258925	0	17	Parkinsonian gait	T033	C0427160
28258925	32	41	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28258925	42	61	subthalamic nucleus	T023	C0152355
28258925	62	84	deep brain stimulation	T061	C0394162
28258925	92	101	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28258925	102	115	multi-tasking	T057	C3540678
28258925	116	131	Gait impairment	T033	C3808195
28258925	135	154	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28258925	163	171	mobility	T040	C0871081
28258925	186	195	fall risk	T033	C1268740
28258925	217	226	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28258925	217	226	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28258925	242	249	Studies	T062	C0681814
28258925	263	272	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28258925	273	284	subthalamic	T029	C0152349
28258925	285	307	deep brain stimulation	T061	C0394162
28258925	318	334	surgical therapy	T061	C0543467
28258925	345	362	motor performance	T040	C0870921
28258925	369	378	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28258925	424	435	stimulation	T061	C0394162
28258925	462	471	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28258925	479	489	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28258925	490	501	subthalamic	T029	C0152349
28258925	502	524	deep brain stimulation	T061	C0394162
28258925	528	546	walking kinematics	T091	C0600169
28258925	564	573	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28258925	574	586	dual-tasking	T057	C3540678
28258925	588	592	Gait	T033	C0016928
28258925	593	603	kinematics	T091	C0600169
28258925	617	625	patients	T101	C0030705
28258925	631	639	advanced	UnknownType	C0679246
28258925	640	659	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28258925	678	687	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28258925	688	699	subthalamic	T029	C0152349
28258925	700	722	deep brain stimulation	T061	C0394162
28258925	764	775	stimulation	T061	C0394162
28258925	784	793	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28258925	795	810	unilateral left	T080	C1635161
28258925	812	828	unilateral right	T080	C1623716
28258925	849	858	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28258925	859	868	challenge	T057	C3540678
28258925	879	906	instrumented walkway system	T074	C0181906
28258925	941	945	gait	T033	C0016928
28258925	1005	1014	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28258925	1015	1024	dual-task	T057	C3540678
28258925	1052	1063	stimulation	T061	C0394162
28258925	1080	1089	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28258925	1090	1101	stimulation	T061	C0394162
28258925	1135	1146	step length	T033	C0427126
28258925	1151	1162	double-limb	T023	C0015385
28258925	1171	1175	time	T079	C0040223
28258925	1181	1191	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28258925	1192	1203	stimulation	T061	C0394162
28258925	1226	1237	performance	T052	C1882330
28258925	1248	1252	gait	T033	C0016928
28258925	1253	1263	parameters	T077	C0549193
28258925	1303	1310	studies	T062	C0681814
28258925	1314	1323	dual-task	T057	C3540678
28258925	1324	1341	motor performance	T040	C0870921
28258925	1343	1352	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28258925	1353	1364	subthalamic	T029	C0152349
28258925	1365	1387	deep brain stimulation	T061	C0394162
28258925	1414	1422	temporal	T079	C1254367
28258925	1427	1434	spatial	T082	C1254362
28258925	1435	1439	gait	T033	C0016928
28258925	1440	1451	performance	T052	C1882330
28258925	1458	1467	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28258925	1468	1477	dual-task	T057	C3540678

28259683|t|Inhibition of Sebum Production with the Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase Inhibitor Olumacostat Glasaretil
28259683|a|Olumacostat glasaretil (OG) is a small molecule inhibitor of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase (ACC), the enzyme that controls the first rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis. Inhibition of ACC activity in the sebaceous glands is designed to substantially affect sebum production, because over 80% of human sebum components contain fatty acids. OG inhibits de novo lipid synthesis in primary and transformed human sebocytes. TrueMass Sebum Panel analyses showed a reduction in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acyl chains across lipid species, including di- and triacylglycerols, phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, and wax esters in OG - treated sebocytes. There was no shift to shorter acyl chain lengths observed, suggesting that the fatty acid chain elongation process was not affected. OG is a pro-drug of the ACC inhibitor 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid and was designed to enhance delivery in vivo. Topical application of OG but not 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid significantly reduced hamster ear sebaceous gland size, indicating that this pro-drug approach was critical to obtain the desired activity in vivo. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of hamster ear extracts showed that OG treatment increased ACC levels and the ratio of acetyl-CoA to free CoA in these animals, indicating increased fatty acid oxidation. These changes are consistent with ACC inhibition. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging showed that OG applied onto Yorkshire pig ears accumulated in sebaceous glands relative to the surrounding dermis. Sebaceous gland ACC represents an attractive therapeutic target given its central role in formation of sebum, a key factor in acne pathogenesis.
28259683	0	10	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28259683	14	19	Sebum	T031	C0036511
28259683	20	30	Production	T169	C0005572
28259683	40	69	Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase	T116,T126	C0001022
28259683	70	79	Inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28259683	80	102	Olumacostat Glasaretil	T121	C1254351
28259683	103	125	Olumacostat glasaretil	T121	C1254351
28259683	127	129	OG	T121	C1254351
28259683	151	160	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28259683	164	199	acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase	T116,T126	C0001022
28259683	201	204	ACC	T116,T126	C0001022
28259683	211	217	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28259683	223	231	controls	T169	C2587213
28259683	264	287	fatty acid biosynthesis	T044	C0596562
28259683	289	299	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28259683	303	315	ACC activity	T044	C1150657
28259683	323	339	sebaceous glands	T023	C0036505
28259683	343	351	designed	T052	C1707689
28259683	369	375	affect	T169	C0392760
28259683	376	381	sebum	T031	C0036511
28259683	382	392	production	T169	C0005572
28259683	414	419	human	T016	C0086418
28259683	420	436	sebum components	T031	C0036511
28259683	445	456	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
28259683	458	460	OG	T121	C1254351
28259683	461	469	inhibits	T080	C0311403
28259683	470	477	de novo	T078	C1515568
28259683	478	493	lipid synthesis	T040	C1563744
28259683	497	504	primary	T080	C0205225
28259683	509	520	transformed	T081	C0443172
28259683	521	526	human	T016	C0086418
28259683	527	536	sebocytes	T025	C1710037
28259683	538	567	TrueMass Sebum Panel analyses	T062	C0936012
28259683	577	586	reduction	T070	C0301630
28259683	590	599	saturated	T109,T123	C0443609
28259683	604	637	monounsaturated fatty acyl chains	T109,T123	C0015687
28259683	645	658	lipid species	T109	C0023779
28259683	670	673	di-	T109,T121	C0012262
28259683	678	694	triacylglycerols	T109,T123	C0041004
28259683	696	709	phospholipids	T109,T123	C0031676
28259683	711	729	cholesteryl esters	T109,T123	C0008387
28259683	735	745	wax esters	T109	C0014898
28259683	749	751	OG	T121	C1254351
28259683	754	761	treated	T169	C1522326
28259683	762	771	sebocytes	T025	C1710037
28259683	795	802	shorter	T081	C1806781
28259683	803	813	acyl chain	T104	C1254350
28259683	814	821	lengths	T081	C1444754
28259683	822	830	observed	T169	C1441672
28259683	852	862	fatty acid	T109	C0015684
28259683	863	887	chain elongation process	T067	C1522240
28259683	892	895	not	T033	C1513916
28259683	896	904	affected	T169	C0392760
28259683	906	908	OG	T121	C1254351
28259683	914	922	pro-drug	T120	C0033262
28259683	930	933	ACC	T116,T126	C0001022
28259683	934	943	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28259683	944	975	5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid	T109,T121	C0146177
28259683	984	992	designed	T052	C1707689
28259683	996	1003	enhance	T052	C2349975
28259683	1013	1020	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28259683	1022	1041	Topical application	T061	C0683174
28259683	1045	1047	OG	T121	C1254351
28259683	1056	1087	5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid	T109,T121	C0146177
28259683	1102	1109	reduced	T080	C0392756
28259683	1110	1117	hamster	T015	C0018557
28259683	1118	1121	ear	T023	C0013443
28259683	1122	1137	sebaceous gland	T023	C0036505
28259683	1138	1142	size	T082	C0456389
28259683	1165	1173	pro-drug	T120	C0033262
28259683	1174	1182	approach	T082	C0449445
28259683	1199	1205	obtain	T169	C1301820
28259683	1218	1226	activity	T052	C0441655
28259683	1227	1234	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28259683	1236	1283	High-performance liquid chromatography analyses	T059	C1579831
28259683	1287	1294	hamster	T015	C0018557
28259683	1295	1298	ear	T023	C0013443
28259683	1299	1307	extracts	T167	C2828366
28259683	1320	1322	OG	T121	C1254351
28259683	1323	1332	treatment	T061	C0087111
28259683	1333	1342	increased	T081	C0205217
28259683	1343	1346	ACC	T116,T126	C0001022
28259683	1347	1353	levels	T080	C0441889
28259683	1362	1367	ratio	T081	C0456603
28259683	1371	1381	acetyl-CoA	T114,T123	C0001026
28259683	1385	1393	free CoA	T114,T123	C0009226
28259683	1403	1410	animals	T008	C0003062
28259683	1423	1432	increased	T081	C0205217
28259683	1433	1443	fatty acid	T109	C0015684
28259683	1444	1453	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28259683	1461	1468	changes	T169	C0392747
28259683	1473	1488	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28259683	1489	1492	ACC	T116,T126	C0001022
28259683	1493	1503	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28259683	1505	1548	Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization	T059	C0282597
28259683	1549	1556	imaging	T060	C0079595
28259683	1569	1571	OG	T121	C1254351
28259683	1572	1579	applied	T169	C4048755
28259683	1585	1598	Yorkshire pig	T015	C0324292
28259683	1599	1603	ears	T023	C0013443
28259683	1619	1635	sebaceous glands	T023	C0036505
28259683	1636	1644	relative	T080	C0205345
28259683	1664	1670	dermis	T024	C0011646
28259683	1672	1687	Sebaceous gland	T023	C0036505
28259683	1688	1691	ACC	T116,T126	C0001022
28259683	1706	1716	attractive	T080	C2346874
28259683	1717	1728	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28259683	1729	1735	target	T169	C1521840
28259683	1775	1780	sebum	T031	C0036511
28259683	1798	1802	acne	T047	C0702166
28259683	1803	1815	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748

28260464|t|Incisional Hernia After Liver Transplant
28260464|a|An incisional hernia seriously burdens the quality of life after liver transplant. The incidence of incisional hernia after liver transplant is reported to be 4% to 20%. Here, we evaluated incisional hernias that occurred after adult liver transplant and incisional hernias intentionally made in infant liver transplant procedures. Between December 1988 and May 2016, we performed 536 liver transplant procedures in 515 patients. Demographic features, surgical outcomes, and predisposing factors were evaluated. Of 452 liver transplant patients included, incisional hernias were diagnosed in 29 patients (6.4%; 7 pediatric, 22 adult). Most were males (77%) with Child-Pugh score C cirrhosis (62%), moderate / severe ascites (81%), and serum albumin levels <3.5 g/L (86%). Incisional hernia developed in 16 of 51 patients (31%) with wound infection. Twelve incisional hernias were seen in 40 recipients (30%) with body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. Eight of 45 patients (18%) with repeated surgery had incisional hernias. Five of 22 adult incisional hernias (23%) had primary fascia repair, and 17 (77%) were repaired with Prolene mesh graft (3 sublay, 14 onlay). No other complications and no hernia recurrence were shown during follow-up (range, 8-138 mo). Of 7 pediatric liver transplant patients with intentionally made incisional hernias during liver transplant, 5 patients had primary fascia repair and 2 patients had onlay mesh repair. No complications or recurrence were shown during follow-up (range, 12-60 mo). Repeated surgery, postoperative wound infection, and obesity were found to be predisposing risk factors for incisional hernia development after liver transplant in adult s. Abdomen closure in infant liver transplant with large-for-size grafts is a different area of discussion. Here, we suggest that an intentionally made incisional hernia with staged closure of the abdomen is safe and effective for graft and patient survival.
28260464	0	17	Incisional Hernia	T046	C0267716
28260464	24	40	Liver Transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	44	61	incisional hernia	T046	C0267716
28260464	84	99	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28260464	106	122	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	128	137	incidence	T081	C0021149
28260464	141	158	incisional hernia	T046	C0267716
28260464	165	181	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	185	193	reported	T170	C0684224
28260464	220	229	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28260464	230	248	incisional hernias	T046	C0267716
28260464	269	274	adult	T100	C0001675
28260464	275	291	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	296	314	incisional hernias	T046	C0267716
28260464	315	328	intentionally	T080	C1283828
28260464	337	343	infant	T100	C0021270
28260464	344	360	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	361	371	procedures	T061	C0087111
28260464	426	442	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	443	453	procedures	T061	C0087111
28260464	461	469	patients	T101	C0030705
28260464	471	491	Demographic features	T078	C0011292
28260464	493	501	surgical	T061	C0543467
28260464	502	510	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28260464	516	536	predisposing factors	T079	C0032946
28260464	542	551	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28260464	560	576	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	577	585	patients	T101	C0030705
28260464	596	614	incisional hernias	T046	C0267716
28260464	620	629	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28260464	636	644	patients	T101	C0030705
28260464	654	663	pediatric	T100	C0021270
28260464	668	673	adult	T100	C0001675
28260464	686	691	males	T032	C0086582
28260464	703	721	Child-Pugh score C	T033	C4039103
28260464	722	731	cirrhosis	T047	C0023890
28260464	739	747	moderate	T080	C0205081
28260464	750	756	severe	T080	C0205082
28260464	757	764	ascites	T033	C0003962
28260464	776	796	serum albumin levels	T034	C0728877
28260464	813	830	Incisional hernia	T046	C0267716
28260464	853	861	patients	T101	C0030705
28260464	873	888	wound infection	T046	C0043241
28260464	897	915	incisional hernias	T046	C0267716
28260464	932	942	recipients	T101	C0376387
28260464	954	969	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28260464	993	1001	patients	T101	C0030705
28260464	1013	1029	repeated surgery	T061	C0035110
28260464	1034	1052	incisional hernias	T046	C0267716
28260464	1065	1070	adult	T100	C0001675
28260464	1071	1089	incisional hernias	T046	C0267716
28260464	1100	1107	primary	T080	C0205225
28260464	1108	1121	fascia repair	T061	C0185429
28260464	1141	1149	repaired	T061	C0342971
28260464	1155	1162	Prolene	T109,T122	C0917843
28260464	1163	1173	mesh graft	T074	C0038930
28260464	1205	1218	complications	T046	C0009566
28260464	1226	1232	hernia	T046	C0267716
28260464	1233	1243	recurrence	T046	C2825055
28260464	1262	1271	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28260464	1296	1305	pediatric	T100	C0021270
28260464	1306	1322	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	1323	1331	patients	T101	C0030705
28260464	1337	1350	intentionally	T080	C1283828
28260464	1356	1374	incisional hernias	T046	C0267716
28260464	1382	1398	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	1402	1410	patients	T101	C0030705
28260464	1415	1422	primary	T080	C0205225
28260464	1423	1436	fascia repair	T061	C0185429
28260464	1443	1451	patients	T101	C0030705
28260464	1456	1466	onlay mesh	T074	C0038930
28260464	1467	1473	repair	T061	C0342971
28260464	1478	1491	complications	T046	C0009566
28260464	1495	1505	recurrence	T046	C2825055
28260464	1524	1533	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28260464	1553	1569	Repeated surgery	T061	C0035110
28260464	1571	1584	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28260464	1585	1600	wound infection	T046	C0043241
28260464	1606	1613	obesity	T047	C0028754
28260464	1631	1656	predisposing risk factors	T079	C0032946
28260464	1661	1678	incisional hernia	T046	C0267716
28260464	1679	1690	development	T169	C1527148
28260464	1697	1713	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	1717	1722	adult	T100	C0001675
28260464	1726	1741	Abdomen closure	T061	C1542047
28260464	1745	1751	infant	T100	C0021270
28260464	1752	1768	liver transplant	T061	C0023911
28260464	1789	1795	grafts	T074	C0038930
28260464	1856	1869	intentionally	T080	C1283828
28260464	1875	1892	incisional hernia	T046	C0267716
28260464	1898	1927	staged closure of the abdomen	T061	C1542047
28260464	1931	1935	safe	T068	C0036043
28260464	1940	1949	effective	T080	C1704419
28260464	1954	1959	graft	T074	C0038930
28260464	1964	1971	patient	T101	C0030705
28260464	1972	1980	survival	T052	C0038952

28260547|t|Surrogate inaccuracy in predicting older adults' desire for life-sustaining interventions in the event of decisional incapacity: is it due in part to erroneous quality-of-life assessments?
28260547|a|Family members are often called upon to make decisions for an incapacitated relative. Yet they have difficulty predicting a loved one's desire to receive treatments in hypothetical situations. We tested the hypothesis that this difficulty could in part be explained by discrepant quality-of-life assessments. The data come from 235 community-dwelling adults aged 70 years and over who rated their quality of life and desire for specified interventions in four health states (current state, mild to moderate stroke, incurable brain cancer, and severe dementia). All ratings were made on Likert-type scales. Using identical rating scales, a surrogate chosen by the older adult was asked to predict the latter's responses. Linear mixed models were fitted to determine whether differences in quality-of-life ratings between the older adult and surrogate were associated with surrogates' inaccuracy in predicting desire for treatment. The difference in quality-of-life ratings was a significant predictor of prediction inaccuracy for the three hypothetical health states (p < 0.01) and nearly significant for the current health state (p = 0.077). All regression coefficients were negative, implying that the more the surrogate overestimated quality of life compared to the older adult, the more he or she overestimated the older adult 's desire to be treated. Discrepant quality-of-life ratings are associated with surrogates' difficulty in predicting desire for life-sustaining interventions in hypothetical situations. This finding underscores the importance of discussing anticipated quality of life in states of cognitive decline, to better prepare family members for making difficult decisions for their loved ones. ISRCTN89993391.
28260547	0	9	Surrogate	T099	C4053457
28260547	10	20	inaccuracy	T080	C0443236
28260547	35	48	older adults'	T098	C0001792
28260547	49	55	desire	T041	C0871633
28260547	60	89	life-sustaining interventions	T061	C0871803
28260547	106	116	decisional	T041	C0679006
28260547	117	127	incapacity	T201	C3176592
28260547	150	159	erroneous	T078	C1547323
28260547	160	187	quality-of-life assessments	T060	C0281588
28260547	189	203	Family members	T099	C0086282
28260547	234	243	decisions	T041	C0679006
28260547	265	273	relative	T099	C0080103
28260547	325	331	desire	T041	C0871633
28260547	343	353	treatments	T061	C0087111
28260547	469	496	quality-of-life assessments	T060	C0281588
28260547	502	506	data	T078	C1511726
28260547	521	539	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
28260547	540	546	adults	T100	C0001675
28260547	555	560	years	T079	C0439234
28260547	586	601	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28260547	606	612	desire	T041	C0871633
28260547	627	640	interventions	T061	C0184661
28260547	649	662	health states	T033	C0683314
28260547	664	677	current state	T033	C0683314
28260547	679	683	mild	T080	C2945599
28260547	687	695	moderate	T080	C0205081
28260547	696	702	stroke	T047	C0038454
28260547	714	726	brain cancer	T191	C0006118
28260547	732	738	severe	T080	C0205082
28260547	739	747	dementia	T048	C0497327
28260547	754	761	ratings	T052	C0871208
28260547	775	793	Likert-type scales	T170	C0451267
28260547	811	824	rating scales	T081,T170	C0681889
28260547	828	837	surrogate	T099	C4053457
28260547	852	863	older adult	T098	C0001792
28260547	977	992	quality-of-life	T078	C0034380
28260547	993	1000	ratings	T052	C0871208
28260547	1013	1024	older adult	T098	C0001792
28260547	1029	1038	surrogate	T099	C4053457
28260547	1060	1071	surrogates'	T099	C4053457
28260547	1072	1082	inaccuracy	T080	C0443236
28260547	1097	1103	desire	T041	C0871633
28260547	1108	1117	treatment	T061	C0087111
28260547	1137	1152	quality-of-life	T078	C0034380
28260547	1153	1160	ratings	T052	C0871208
28260547	1179	1188	predictor	T078	C2698872
28260547	1203	1213	inaccuracy	T080	C0443236
28260547	1241	1254	health states	T033	C0683314
28260547	1297	1317	current health state	T033	C0683314
28260547	1335	1358	regression coefficients	T081	C1707429
28260547	1364	1372	negative	T033	C0205160
28260547	1401	1410	surrogate	T099	C4053457
28260547	1425	1440	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28260547	1457	1468	older adult	T098	C0001792
28260547	1507	1518	older adult	T098	C0001792
28260547	1522	1528	desire	T041	C0871633
28260547	1555	1570	quality-of-life	T078	C0034380
28260547	1571	1578	ratings	T052	C0871208
28260547	1599	1610	surrogates'	T099	C4053457
28260547	1636	1642	desire	T041	C0871633
28260547	1647	1676	life-sustaining interventions	T061	C0871803
28260547	1771	1786	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28260547	1800	1817	cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
28260547	1837	1851	family members	T099	C0086282
28260547	1873	1882	decisions	T041	C0679006

28261010|t|Alleviating Freezing of Gait using phase - dependent tactile biofeedback
28261010|a|In this feasibility study, we present a novel, wearable prototype of tactile biofeedback to alleviate gait disturbances, such as freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease. We designed and tested a phase - dependent tactile biofeedback system that can be easily worn on the feet, with a simple switch to turn it on or off. Preliminary validation was performed in 8 subjects with Parkinson's disease who show freezing during a turning in place test. A metronome, control condition was used to compare effectiveness in alleviating freezing. Promising results were obtained, both in term of acceptability of the device, and improving motor performance.
28261010	0	11	Alleviating	T061	C1274136
28261010	12	28	Freezing of Gait	T184	C0860515
28261010	35	40	phase	T079	C0205390
28261010	43	52	dependent	T080	C0851827
28261010	53	60	tactile	T080	C0439815
28261010	61	72	biofeedback	T074	C0179310
28261010	81	98	feasibility study	T062,T170	C0015730
28261010	120	128	wearable	T080	C0205556
28261010	142	149	tactile	T080	C0439815
28261010	150	161	biofeedback	T074	C0179310
28261010	165	174	alleviate	T061	C1274136
28261010	175	192	gait disturbances	T033	C0575081
28261010	202	218	freezing of gait	T184	C0860515
28261010	222	241	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28261010	268	273	phase	T079	C0205390
28261010	276	285	dependent	T080	C0851827
28261010	286	293	tactile	T080	C0439815
28261010	294	312	biofeedback system	T074	C0179310
28261010	325	336	easily worn	T080	C0205556
28261010	344	348	feet	T023	C0016504
28261010	364	370	switch	T073	C1707719
28261010	405	415	validation	T062	C1519941
28261010	435	443	subjects	T098	C0080105
28261010	449	468	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28261010	478	486	freezing	T184	C0860515
28261010	496	503	turning	T033	C0575086
28261010	507	512	place	T082	C0442504
28261010	513	517	test	T169	C0039593
28261010	521	530	metronome	T073	C0870887
28261010	532	549	control condition	T169	C2587213
28261010	570	583	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28261010	587	598	alleviating	T061	C1274136
28261010	599	607	freezing	T184	C0860515
28261010	609	618	Promising	T078	C1555307
28261010	619	626	results	T034	C0456984
28261010	658	671	acceptability	T080	C0814633
28261010	679	685	device	T074	C0179310
28261010	701	718	motor performance	T040	C0870921

28261242|t|Identification and Functional Characterization of a Tonoplast Dicarboxylate Transporter in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
28261242|a|Acidity plays an important role in flavor and overall organoleptic quality of fruit and is mainly due to the presence of organic acids. Understanding the molecular basis of organic acid metabolism is thus of primary importance for fruit quality improvement. Here, we cloned a putative tonoplast dicarboxylate transporter gene (SlTDT) from tomato, and submitted it to the NCBI database (GenBank accession number: KC733165). SlTDT protein contained 13 putative transmembrane domains in silico analysis. Confocal microscopic study using green fluorescent fusion proteins revealed that SlTDT was localized on tonoplast. The expression patterns of SlTDT in tomato were analyzed by RT-qPCR. The results indicated that SlTDT expressed in leaves, roots, flowers and fruits at different ripening stages, suggesting SlTDT may be associated with the development of different tissues. To further explore the function of SlTDT, we constructed both overexpression and RNAi vectors and obtained transgenic tomato plants by agrobacterium -mediated method. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis showed that overexpression of SlTDT significantly increased malate content, and reduced citrate content in tomato fruit. By contrast, repression of SlTDT in tomato reduced malate content of and increased citrate content. These results indicated that SlTDT played an important role in remobilization of malate and citrate in fruit vacuoles.
28261242	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
28261242	19	29	Functional	T169	C0205245
28261242	30	46	Characterization	T052	C1880022
28261242	52	61	Tonoplast	T026	C1167046
28261242	62	87	Dicarboxylate Transporter	T116,T123	C0057823
28261242	91	97	Tomato	T002	C1140676
28261242	99	119	Solanum lycopersicum	T002	C1140676
28261242	121	128	Acidity	T081	C0020283
28261242	138	147	important	T080	C3898777
28261242	156	162	flavor	T080	C0596585
28261242	175	187	organoleptic	T080	C0205556
28261242	188	195	quality	T080	C0332306
28261242	199	204	fruit	T168	C0016767
28261242	230	238	presence	T033	C0150312
28261242	242	255	organic acids	T109	C0369760
28261242	275	290	molecular basis	T078	C1853126
28261242	294	317	organic acid metabolism	T044	C1158838
28261242	337	347	importance	T080	C3898777
28261242	352	357	fruit	T168	C0016767
28261242	358	365	quality	T080	C0332306
28261242	366	377	improvement	T077	C2986411
28261242	388	394	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
28261242	397	446	putative tonoplast dicarboxylate transporter gene	T028	C0017337
28261242	448	453	SlTDT	T028	C0017337
28261242	460	466	tomato	T002	C1140676
28261242	472	481	submitted	T169	C1515023
28261242	492	505	NCBI database	T170	C0995203
28261242	507	514	GenBank	T170	C0598211
28261242	515	531	accession number	T170	C1510755
28261242	544	557	SlTDT protein	T116,T123	C0057823
28261242	571	601	putative transmembrane domains	T087	C1519623
28261242	602	611	in silico	T066	C3489666
28261242	612	620	analysis	T169	C1524024
28261242	622	642	Confocal microscopic	T059	C0242842
28261242	643	648	study	T062	C2603343
28261242	655	688	green fluorescent fusion proteins	T116,T130	C0120285
28261242	689	697	revealed	T080	C0443289
28261242	703	708	SlTDT	T028	C0017337
28261242	713	722	localized	T082	C0392752
28261242	726	735	tonoplast	T026	C1167046
28261242	741	751	expression	T045	C0017262
28261242	752	760	patterns	T082	C0449774
28261242	764	769	SlTDT	T028	C0017337
28261242	773	779	tomato	T002	C1140676
28261242	785	793	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28261242	797	804	RT-qPCR	T063	C4297012
28261242	810	817	results	T169	C1274040
28261242	818	827	indicated	T033	C1444656
28261242	833	838	SlTDT	T028	C0017337
28261242	839	848	expressed	T045	C0017262
28261242	852	858	leaves	T002	C0242724
28261242	860	865	roots	T002	C0242726
28261242	867	874	flowers	T002	C0330090
28261242	879	885	fruits	T168	C0016767
28261242	889	898	different	T080	C1705242
28261242	899	907	ripening	T038	C1160534
28261242	908	914	stages	T079	C1306673
28261242	927	932	SlTDT	T028	C0017337
28261242	940	955	associated with	T080	C0332281
28261242	960	971	development	T169	C1527148
28261242	975	984	different	T080	C1705242
28261242	985	992	tissues	T025	C1514137
28261242	1017	1025	function	T169	C0542341
28261242	1029	1034	SlTDT	T028	C0017337
28261242	1056	1070	overexpression	T045	C0017262
28261242	1075	1079	RNAi	T045	C1136031
28261242	1080	1087	vectors	T114	C0086022
28261242	1092	1100	obtained	T169	C1301820
28261242	1101	1125	transgenic tomato plants	T002	C0085245
28261242	1129	1142	agrobacterium	T007	C0001830
28261242	1153	1159	method	T170	C0025663
28261242	1161	1197	Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer	T059	C0024868
28261242	1199	1214	GC-MS) analysis	T059	C0024868
28261242	1227	1241	overexpression	T045	C0017262
28261242	1245	1250	SlTDT	T028	C0017337
28261242	1265	1274	increased	T081	C0205217
28261242	1275	1281	malate	T109,T123,T130	C0220873
28261242	1282	1289	content	T081	C1264655
28261242	1295	1302	reduced	T080	C0392756
28261242	1303	1310	citrate	T109,T121	C0376259
28261242	1311	1318	content	T081	C1264655
28261242	1322	1328	tomato	T002	C1140676
28261242	1329	1334	fruit	T168	C0016767
28261242	1349	1359	repression	T045	C0178656
28261242	1363	1368	SlTDT	T028	C0017337
28261242	1372	1378	tomato	T002	C1140676
28261242	1379	1386	reduced	T080	C0392756
28261242	1387	1393	malate	T109,T123,T130	C0220873
28261242	1394	1401	content	T081	C1264655
28261242	1409	1418	increased	T081	C0205217
28261242	1419	1426	citrate	T109,T121	C0376259
28261242	1427	1434	content	T081	C1264655
28261242	1442	1449	results	T169	C1274040
28261242	1465	1470	SlTDT	T028	C0017337
28261242	1481	1490	important	T080	C3898777
28261242	1499	1513	remobilization	T169	C0300926
28261242	1517	1523	malate	T109,T123,T130	C0220873
28261242	1528	1535	citrate	T109,T121	C0376259
28261242	1539	1544	fruit	T168	C0016767
28261242	1545	1553	vacuoles	T026	C0042219

28261447|t|Caribbean massive corals not recovering from repeated thermal stress events during 2005-2013
28261447|a|Massive coral bleaching events associated with high sea surface temperatures are forecast to become more frequent and severe in the future due to climate change. Monitoring colony recovery from bleaching disturbances over multiyear time frames is important for improving predictions of future coral community changes. However, there are currently few multiyear studies describing long-term outcomes for coral colonies following acute bleaching events. We recorded colony pigmentation and size for bleached and unbleached groups of co-located conspecifics of three major reef-building scleractinian corals (Orbicella franksi, Siderastrea siderea, and Stephanocoenia michelini; n = 198 total) in Bocas del Toro, Panama, during the major 2005 bleaching event and then monitored pigmentation status and changes live tissue colony size for 8 years (2005-2013). Corals that were bleached in 2005 demonstrated markedly different response trajectories compared to unbleached colony groups, with extensive live tissue loss for bleached corals of all species following bleaching, with mean live tissue losses per colony 9 months postbleaching of 26.2% (±5.4 SE) for O. franksi, 35.7% (±4.7 SE) for S. michelini, and 11.2% (±3.9 SE) for S. siderea. Two species, O. franksi and S. michelini, later recovered to net positive growth, which continued until a second thermal stress event in 2010. Following this event, all species again lost tissue, with previously unbleached colony species groups experiencing greater declines than conspecific sample groups, which were previously bleached, indicating a possible positive acclimative response. However, despite this beneficial effect for previously bleached corals, all groups experienced substantial net tissue loss between 2005 and 2013, indicating that many important Caribbean reef-building corals will likely suffer continued tissue loss and may be unable to maintain current benthic coverage when faced with future thermal stress forecast for the region, even with potential benefits from bleaching -related acclimation.
28261447	0	9	Caribbean	T083	C0206155
28261447	10	24	massive corals	T204	C0324034
28261447	25	44	not recovering from	T080	C0521109
28261447	54	68	thermal stress	T067	C0871732
28261447	69	75	events	T051	C0441471
28261447	93	106	Massive coral	T204	C0324034
28261447	107	116	bleaching	T070	C1254365
28261447	117	123	events	T051	C0441471
28261447	145	148	sea	T083	C0036493
28261447	149	156	surface	T082	C0205148
28261447	157	169	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28261447	198	206	frequent	T079	C0332183
28261447	211	217	severe	T080	C0205082
28261447	239	253	climate change	T070	C2718051
28261447	255	265	Monitoring	T062	C0302523
28261447	266	272	colony	T096	C0596092
28261447	273	281	recovery	T052	C0237820
28261447	287	296	bleaching	T070	C1254365
28261447	315	336	multiyear time frames	T079	C0332168
28261447	386	391	coral	T204	C0324034
28261447	392	401	community	T096	C0009462
28261447	402	409	changes	T169	C0392747
28261447	444	461	multiyear studies	T062	C2603343
28261447	473	482	long-term	T079	C0443252
28261447	483	491	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28261447	496	501	coral	T204	C1063194
28261447	502	510	colonies	T096	C0596092
28261447	521	536	acute bleaching	T070	C1254365
28261447	537	543	events	T051	C0441471
28261447	557	563	colony	T096	C0596092
28261447	564	576	pigmentation	T032	C0031911
28261447	581	585	size	T082	C0456389
28261447	590	598	bleached	T078	C0441833
28261447	603	620	unbleached groups	T078	C0441833
28261447	663	690	reef-building scleractinian	T204	C0997908
28261447	691	697	corals	T204	C0324034
28261447	699	716	Orbicella franksi	T204	C1013977
28261447	718	737	Siderastrea siderea	T204	C1063194
28261447	743	767	Stephanocoenia michelini	T204	C1062911
28261447	787	801	Bocas del Toro	UnknownType	C0681784
28261447	803	809	Panama	T083	C0030266
28261447	833	842	bleaching	T070	C1254365
28261447	843	848	event	T051	C0441471
28261447	858	867	monitored	T062	C0302523
28261447	868	880	pigmentation	T032	C0031911
28261447	881	887	status	T080	C0449438
28261447	900	911	live tissue	T024	C0040300
28261447	912	918	colony	T096	C0596092
28261447	919	923	size	T082	C0456389
28261447	930	935	years	T079	C0439234
28261447	949	955	Corals	T204	C0324034
28261447	966	974	bleached	T070	C1254365
28261447	1060	1066	colony	T096	C0596092
28261447	1067	1073	groups	T078	C0441833
28261447	1090	1101	live tissue	T024	C0040300
28261447	1102	1106	loss	T081	C1517945
28261447	1111	1119	bleached	T070	C1254365
28261447	1120	1126	corals	T204	C0324034
28261447	1134	1141	species	T185	C1705920
28261447	1152	1161	bleaching	T070	C1254365
28261447	1173	1184	live tissue	T024	C0040300
28261447	1185	1191	losses	T081	C1517945
28261447	1196	1202	colony	T096	C0596092
28261447	1205	1211	months	T079	C0439231
28261447	1212	1225	postbleaching	T079	C1254367
28261447	1249	1259	O. franksi	T204	C1013977
28261447	1281	1293	S. michelini	T204	C1062911
28261447	1319	1329	S. siderea	T204	C1063194
28261447	1335	1342	species	T185	C1705920
28261447	1344	1354	O. franksi	T204	C1013977
28261447	1359	1371	S. michelini	T204	C1062911
28261447	1396	1404	positive	T033	C1446409
28261447	1405	1411	growth	T040	C0018270
28261447	1444	1458	thermal stress	T067	C0871732
28261447	1459	1464	event	T051	C0441471
28261447	1489	1494	event	T051	C0441471
28261447	1500	1507	species	T185	C1705920
28261447	1514	1518	lost	T169	C0745777
28261447	1519	1525	tissue	T024	C0040300
28261447	1554	1560	colony	T096	C0596092
28261447	1561	1568	species	T185	C1705920
28261447	1569	1575	groups	T078	C0441833
28261447	1630	1636	groups	T078	C0441833
28261447	1660	1668	bleached	T070	C1254365
28261447	1701	1721	acclimative response	T040	C0237446
28261447	1778	1786	bleached	T070	C1254365
28261447	1787	1793	corals	T204	C0324034
28261447	1799	1805	groups	T078	C0441833
28261447	1834	1840	tissue	T024	C0040300
28261447	1841	1845	loss	T081	C1517945
28261447	1900	1909	Caribbean	T083	C0206155
28261447	1910	1930	reef-building corals	T204	C0324034
28261447	1960	1966	tissue	T024	C0040300
28261447	1967	1971	loss	T081	C1517945
28261447	2010	2026	benthic coverage	T082	C1254362
28261447	2050	2064	thermal stress	T067	C0871732
28261447	2082	2088	region	T083	C0017446
28261447	2124	2133	bleaching	T070	C1254365
28261447	2143	2154	acclimation	T040	C0237446

28262302|t|Contraction Timing Patterns in Patients Treated for Breast Cancer Before and After Anthracyclines Therapy
28262302|a|During the development of heart failure (HF), the changes of contraction timing pattern and temporal heterogeneity of segmental contraction happen early and may precede both symptomatic HF and the decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In patients treated with anthracyclines, both symptomatic HF and the decrease of LVEF are detected once significant myocardial injury has occurred. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether changes in the timing of contraction can be detected early after anthracyclines therapy. Forty-one women (50 ± 11 years old) with newly diagnosed breast cancer were prospectively enrolled in two centers and underwent an echocardiogram before and after anthracyclines. Peak longitudinal myocardial systolic strain was measured on the apical four - and two-chamber views. The time to peak systolic longitudinal strain (TP), ejection time (ET), isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), systolic time, and diastolic time were measured using strain curves and Doppler tracings and compared before and after anthracyclines. The heterogeneity of contraction (dyssynchrony) was measured by the SD of the TP of all segments. Anthracyclines treatment was associated with an increase in heart rate (HR) and a decrease in TP. TP was correlated with HR. TP / ET was independent of HR and inversely correlated to peak strain both at baseline and after anthracyclines. TP / ET increased after anthracyclines (1.26 ± 0.19 to 1.31 ± 0.22; P < .001), and this increase was correlated with the decrease in strain. The increase in TP / ET was due to an increase in IVCT / ET. A similar degree of dyssynchrony was found at baseline and after anthracyclines. Anthracyclines treatment induces an increase in the duration of contraction, mainly by increasing the IVCT. This increase is correlated to the decrease in strain and may therefore have additional prognostic value.
28262302	0	11	Contraction	T046	C1140999
28262302	12	27	Timing Patterns	T079	C0439545
28262302	31	39	Patients	T101	C0030705
28262302	40	47	Treated	T061	C0087111
28262302	52	65	Breast Cancer	T191	C0007104
28262302	83	97	Anthracyclines	T109,T195	C0003234
28262302	98	105	Therapy	T061	C0087111
28262302	117	128	development	T169	C1527148
28262302	132	145	heart failure	T047	C0018801
28262302	147	149	HF	T047	C0018801
28262302	156	163	changes	T169	C0392747
28262302	167	178	contraction	T046	C1140999
28262302	179	193	timing pattern	T079	C0439545
28262302	198	206	temporal	T079	C2362314
28262302	207	220	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28262302	224	233	segmental	T082	C0205122
28262302	234	245	contraction	T046	C1140999
28262302	280	291	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28262302	292	294	HF	T047	C0018801
28262302	303	311	decrease	T081	C0547047
28262302	315	349	left ventricular ejection fraction	T201	C0428772
28262302	351	355	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28262302	361	369	patients	T101	C0030705
28262302	370	377	treated	T061	C0087111
28262302	383	397	anthracyclines	T109,T195	C0003234
28262302	404	415	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28262302	416	418	HF	T047	C0018801
28262302	427	435	decrease	T081	C0547047
28262302	439	443	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28262302	448	456	detected	T033	C0442726
28262302	474	491	myocardial injury	T037	C0746730
28262302	542	553	investigate	T169	C1292732
28262302	562	569	changes	T169	C0392747
28262302	577	583	timing	T079	C0449243
28262302	587	598	contraction	T046	C1140999
28262302	606	614	detected	T033	C0442726
28262302	627	641	anthracyclines	T109,T195	C0003234
28262302	642	649	therapy	T061	C0087111
28262302	661	666	women	T098	C0043210
28262302	698	707	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28262302	708	721	breast cancer	T191	C0007104
28262302	782	796	echocardiogram	T170	C2243117
28262302	814	828	anthracyclines	T109,T195	C0003234
28262302	830	874	Peak longitudinal myocardial systolic strain	T060	C1868749
28262302	879	887	measured	T081	C0449768
28262302	895	906	apical four	T082	C1302256
28262302	913	930	two-chamber views	T082	C1302267
28262302	936	977	time to peak systolic longitudinal strain	T201	C4263410
28262302	979	981	TP	T201	C4263410
28262302	984	997	ejection time	T201	C0812388
28262302	999	1001	ET	T201	C0812388
28262302	1004	1031	isovolumic contraction time	T079	C2923410
28262302	1033	1037	IVCT	T079	C2923410
28262302	1040	1053	systolic time	T079	C1148547
28262302	1059	1068	diastolic	T201	C0012000
28262302	1069	1073	time	T079	C0040223
28262302	1079	1087	measured	T081	C0449768
28262302	1094	1100	strain	T060	C1868749
28262302	1101	1107	curves	T081	C0392762
28262302	1112	1128	Doppler tracings	T060	C0013523
28262302	1159	1173	anthracyclines	T109,T195	C0003234
28262302	1179	1192	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28262302	1196	1207	contraction	T046	C1140999
28262302	1209	1221	dyssynchrony	T047	C3160936
28262302	1227	1235	measured	T081	C0449768
28262302	1253	1255	TP	T201	C4263410
28262302	1273	1287	Anthracyclines	T109,T195	C0003234
28262302	1288	1297	treatment	T061	C0087111
28262302	1302	1317	associated with	T080	C0332281
28262302	1321	1329	increase	T169	C0442805
28262302	1333	1343	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28262302	1345	1347	HR	T201	C0018810
28262302	1355	1363	decrease	T081	C0547047
28262302	1367	1369	TP	T201	C4263410
28262302	1371	1373	TP	T201	C4263410
28262302	1378	1388	correlated	T080	C1707520
28262302	1394	1396	HR	T201	C0018810
28262302	1398	1400	TP	T201	C4263410
28262302	1403	1405	ET	T201	C0812388
28262302	1425	1427	HR	T201	C0018810
28262302	1432	1441	inversely	T080	C0439850
28262302	1442	1452	correlated	T080	C1707520
28262302	1456	1460	peak	T080	C0444505
28262302	1461	1467	strain	T060	C1868749
28262302	1476	1484	baseline	T081	C1442488
28262302	1495	1509	anthracyclines	T109,T195	C0003234
28262302	1511	1513	TP	T201	C4263410
28262302	1516	1518	ET	T201	C0812388
28262302	1519	1528	increased	T081	C0205217
28262302	1535	1549	anthracyclines	T109,T195	C0003234
28262302	1599	1607	increase	T169	C0442805
28262302	1612	1622	correlated	T080	C1707520
28262302	1632	1640	decrease	T081	C0547047
28262302	1644	1650	strain	T060	C1868749
28262302	1656	1664	increase	T169	C0442805
28262302	1668	1670	TP	T201	C4263410
28262302	1673	1675	ET	T201	C0812388
28262302	1690	1698	increase	T169	C0442805
28262302	1702	1706	IVCT	T079	C2923410
28262302	1709	1711	ET	T201	C0812388
28262302	1733	1745	dyssynchrony	T047	C3160936
28262302	1759	1767	baseline	T081	C1442488
28262302	1778	1792	anthracyclines	T109,T195	C0003234
28262302	1794	1808	Anthracyclines	T109,T195	C0003234
28262302	1809	1818	treatment	T061	C0087111
28262302	1819	1826	induces	T169	C0205263
28262302	1830	1838	increase	T169	C0442805
28262302	1858	1869	contraction	T046	C1140999
28262302	1881	1891	increasing	T169	C0442808
28262302	1896	1900	IVCT	T079	C2923410
28262302	1907	1915	increase	T169	C0442805
28262302	1919	1929	correlated	T080	C1707520
28262302	1937	1945	decrease	T081	C0547047
28262302	1949	1955	strain	T060	C1868749
28262302	1990	2006	prognostic value	T201	C1514474

28262340|t|Gain-of-function mutation in SCN5A causes ventricular arrhythmias and early onset atrial fibrillation
28262340|a|Mutations in SCN5A, the gene encoding the α-subunit of the cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5), are associated with a broad spectrum of inherited cardiac arrhythmia disorders. The purpose of this study was to identify the genetic and functional determinants underlying a Dutch family that presented with a combined phenotype of ventricular arrhythmias with a likely adrenergic component, either in isolation or in combination with a mildly decreased heart function and early onset (<55 years) atrial fibrillation. We performed next generation sequencing in the proband of a two- generation Dutch family and demonstrated a novel missense mutation in SCN5A-(p.M1851V) which co-segregated with the clinical phenotype in the family. We functionally evaluated the putative genetic defect by patch clamp electrophysiological studies in human embryonic kidney cells transfected with mutant or wild-type Nav1.5. The current inactivation was slower and recovery from inactivation was faster in SCN5A-M1851V channels. The voltage dependence of inactivation was shifted towards more positive potentials and consequently, a larger TTX - sensitive window current was observed in SCN5A-M1851V channels. Furthermore, a higher upstroke velocity was observed for the SCN5A-M1851V channels, while the depolarization voltage was more negative, both indicating increased excitability. This mutation leads to a gain-of-function mechanism based on increased channel availability and increased window current, fitting the observed clinical phenotype of (likely adrenergic-induced) ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. These findings further expand the range of cardiac arrhythmias associated with mutations in SCN5A.
28262340	0	25	Gain-of-function mutation	T045	C0026882
28262340	29	34	SCN5A	T028	C1419864
28262340	42	65	ventricular arrhythmias	T047	C0085612
28262340	70	81	early onset	T033	C1833334
28262340	82	101	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28262340	102	111	Mutations	T045	C0026882
28262340	115	120	SCN5A	T028	C1419864
28262340	126	130	gene	T028	C0017337
28262340	131	139	encoding	T052	C2700640
28262340	161	168	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28262340	169	192	sodium channel (NaV1.5)	T116,T123	C0037492
28262340	222	230	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28262340	234	243	inherited	T169	C0439660
28262340	244	272	cardiac arrhythmia disorders	T033	C0003811
28262340	294	299	study	T062	C2603343
28262340	320	327	genetic	T169	C0314603
28262340	332	355	functional determinants	T169	C1521761
28262340	369	374	Dutch	T098	C0013331
28262340	375	381	family	T099	C0015576
28262340	413	422	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28262340	426	449	ventricular arrhythmias	T047	C0085612
28262340	464	474	adrenergic	T169	C0599756
28262340	475	484	component	T077	C1705248
28262340	496	505	isolation	T169	C0205409
28262340	512	523	combination	T080	C0205195
28262340	548	562	heart function	T042	C0232164
28262340	567	578	early onset	T033	C1833334
28262340	584	589	years	T079	C0439234
28262340	591	610	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28262340	630	640	generation	T079	C0079411
28262340	641	651	sequencing	T086	C0162326
28262340	659	666	proband	T099	C1948021
28262340	677	687	generation	T079	C0079411
28262340	688	693	Dutch	T098	C0013331
28262340	694	700	family	T099	C0015576
28262340	726	743	missense mutation	T045	C0599155
28262340	747	763	SCN5A-(p.M1851V)	T028	C1419864
28262340	793	801	clinical	T080	C0205210
28262340	802	811	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28262340	819	825	family	T099	C0015576
28262340	830	842	functionally	T169	C0205245
28262340	866	873	genetic	T169	C0314603
28262340	874	880	defect	T169	C1457869
28262340	884	895	patch clamp	T062	C0920630
28262340	896	924	electrophysiological studies	T060	C0850293
28262340	928	943	human embryonic	T018	C0868971
28262340	944	956	kidney cells	T025	C0553257
28262340	957	968	transfected	T063	C0040669
28262340	974	980	mutant	T049	C0596988
28262340	984	1000	wild-type Nav1.5	T028	C1419864
28262340	1006	1013	current	T070	C1705970
28262340	1014	1026	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28262340	1056	1068	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28262340	1083	1104	SCN5A-M1851V channels	T116,T123	C0037492
28262340	1110	1117	voltage	T081	C0598352
28262340	1118	1128	dependence	T169	C3244310
28262340	1132	1144	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28262340	1170	1178	positive	T033	C1446409
28262340	1179	1189	potentials	T080	C3245505
28262340	1217	1220	TTX	T109,T123,T131	C0039705
28262340	1223	1232	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28262340	1233	1247	window current	T070	C1705970
28262340	1264	1285	SCN5A-M1851V channels	T116,T123	C0037492
28262340	1309	1326	upstroke velocity	T081	C0439830
28262340	1348	1369	SCN5A-M1851V channels	T116,T123	C0037492
28262340	1381	1403	depolarization voltage	T081	C0598352
28262340	1413	1421	negative	T033	C0205160
28262340	1468	1476	mutation	T045	C0026882
28262340	1488	1514	gain-of-function mechanism	T169	C0441712
28262340	1534	1541	channel	T116,T123	C0037492
28262340	1569	1583	window current	T070	C1705970
28262340	1606	1614	clinical	T080	C0205210
28262340	1615	1624	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28262340	1656	1679	ventricular arrhythmias	T047	C0085612
28262340	1684	1703	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28262340	1711	1719	findings	T033	C0243095
28262340	1748	1767	cardiac arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
28262340	1784	1793	mutations	T045	C0026882
28262340	1797	1802	SCN5A	T028	C1419864

28263181|t|The cancer Warburg effect may be a testable example of the minimum entropy production rate principle
28263181|a|Cancer cells consume more glucose by glycolytic fermentation to lactate than by respiration, a characteristic known as the Warburg effect. In contrast with the 34 moles of ATP produced by respiration, fermentation produces two moles of ATP per mole of glucose consumed, which poses a puzzle on the function of the Warburg effect. Productions of free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) per mole linearly vary with the fraction (x) of glucose consumed by fermentation that is frequently estimated around 0.9. Hence, calculation shows that, in respect to pure respiration, the predominant fermentative metabolism decreases around 10% the production of entropy per mole of glucose consumed in cancer cells. We hypothesize that increased fermentation could allow cancer cells to accomplish the Prigogine theorem of the trend to minimize the rate of production of entropy. According the theorem, open cellular systems near the steady state could evolve to minimize the rates of entropy production that may be reached by modified replicating cells producing entropy at low rate. Remarkably, at CO2 concentrations above 930 ppm, glucose respiration produces less entropy than fermentation, which suggests experimental tests to validate the hypothesis of minimization of the rate of entropy production through the Warburg effect.
28263181	4	10	cancer	T191	C0006826
28263181	11	25	Warburg effect	T049	C1520120
28263181	35	43	testable	T169	C0332265
28263181	44	51	example	T077	C1707959
28263181	59	66	minimum	T080	C1524031
28263181	67	74	entropy	T067	C0376522
28263181	75	90	production rate	T081	C0392762
28263181	91	100	principle	T078	C0178566
28263181	101	113	Cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28263181	114	121	consume	T169	C0205245
28263181	127	134	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28263181	138	161	glycolytic fermentation	T044	C1158288
28263181	165	172	lactate	T109,T121	C0376261
28263181	181	192	respiration	T039	C0035203
28263181	196	210	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28263181	224	238	Warburg effect	T049	C1520120
28263181	264	269	moles	T081	C0439189
28263181	273	276	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28263181	289	300	respiration	T039	C0035203
28263181	302	314	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28263181	328	333	moles	T081	C0439189
28263181	337	340	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28263181	345	349	mole	T081	C0439189
28263181	353	360	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28263181	361	369	consumed	T169	C0205245
28263181	399	407	function	T169	C0542341
28263181	415	429	Warburg effect	T049	C1520120
28263181	431	442	Productions	T169	C0205245
28263181	446	457	free energy	T070	C0678591
28263181	459	461	ΔG	T070	C1637382
28263181	464	472	enthalpy	T081	C0599530
28263181	474	476	ΔH	T081	C1710184
28263181	482	489	entropy	T067	C0376522
28263181	491	493	ΔS	T080	C1710185
28263181	499	503	mole	T081	C0439189
28263181	504	512	linearly	T082	C0205132
28263181	527	542	fraction (x) of	T081	C1264633
28263181	543	550	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28263181	551	559	consumed	T169	C0205245
28263181	563	575	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28263181	584	594	frequently	T079	C0332183
28263181	595	604	estimated	T081	C0750572
28263181	624	635	calculation	T052	C1441506
28263181	662	666	pure	T080	C0237400
28263181	667	678	respiration	T039	C0035203
28263181	696	708	fermentative	T044	C0015852
28263181	709	719	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28263181	720	729	decreases	T081	C0547047
28263181	745	755	production	T169	C0205245
28263181	759	766	entropy	T067	C0376522
28263181	771	775	mole	T081	C0439189
28263181	779	786	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28263181	787	795	consumed	T169	C0205245
28263181	799	811	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28263181	816	827	hypothesize	T078	C1512571
28263181	833	842	increased	T081	C0205217
28263181	843	855	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28263181	868	880	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28263181	884	894	accomplish	T080	C0205556
28263181	899	916	Prigogine theorem	T170	C0282574
28263181	924	929	trend	T079	C1521798
28263181	933	941	minimize	T081	C0392762
28263181	946	950	rate	T081	C1521828
28263181	954	964	production	T169	C0205245
28263181	968	975	entropy	T067	C0376522
28263181	991	998	theorem	T170	C0282574
28263181	1000	1021	open cellular systems	T025	C0007634
28263181	1031	1043	steady state	T070	C0678587
28263181	1050	1056	evolve	T169	C1280477
28263181	1060	1068	minimize	T081	C0392762
28263181	1073	1078	rates	T081	C1521828
28263181	1082	1089	entropy	T067	C0376522
28263181	1090	1100	production	T169	C0205245
28263181	1124	1132	modified	T033	C0184511
28263181	1133	1144	replicating	T080	C1883725
28263181	1145	1150	cells	T025	C0007634
28263181	1161	1168	entropy	T067	C0376522
28263181	1176	1180	rate	T081	C1521828
28263181	1197	1200	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28263181	1201	1215	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28263181	1226	1229	ppm	T081	C0439187
28263181	1231	1238	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28263181	1239	1250	respiration	T039	C0035203
28263181	1265	1272	entropy	T067	C0376522
28263181	1278	1290	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28263181	1307	1319	experimental	T080	C1517586
28263181	1320	1325	tests	T059	C0022885
28263181	1329	1337	validate	T080	C1456348
28263181	1342	1352	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28263181	1356	1368	minimization	T081	C0392762
28263181	1376	1380	rate	T081	C1521828
28263181	1384	1391	entropy	T067	C0376522
28263181	1392	1402	production	T169	C0205245
28263181	1415	1429	Warburg effect	T049	C1520120

28263242|t|Dexmedetomidine Combined With Intravenous Anesthetics in Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review
28263242|a|The aim of this study was to investigate how the combined use of dexmedetomidine with intravenous anesthetics influences seizure duration and circulatory dynamics in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). A literature search was performed to identify studies that evaluated the effect of dexmedetomidine on motor - or electroencephalogram (EEG)-based seizure duration s and maximum mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) after ECT. Moreover, recovery time and post- ECT agitation were evaluated. Six studies enrolling 166 patients in 706 ECT sessions were included. There was no significant difference in motor or EEG seizure duration between dexmedetomidine and nondexmedetomidine groups [motor: 6 studies; mean difference (MD), 1.62; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2.24 to 5.49; P = 0.41; EEG: 3 studies; MD, 2.34; 95% CI, -6.03 to 10.71; P = 0.58]. Both maximum MAP and HR after ECT were significantly reduced in the dexmedetomidine group (MAP: 6 studies; MD, -4.83; 95% CI, -8.43 to -1.22; P = 0.009; HR: 6 studies; MD, -6.68; 95% CI, -10.74 to -2.62; P = 0.001). Moreover, the addition of dexmedetomidine did not significantly prolong recovery time when the reduced-dose propofol was used (4 studies; MD, 63.27; 95% CI, -15.41 to 141.96; P = 0.12). The use of dexmedetomidine in ECT did not interfere with motor and EEG seizure duration s but could reduce maximum MAP and HR after ECT. Besides, the addition of dexmedetomidine in ECT did not prolong recovery time when reduced-dose propofol was used. It might be worthwhile for patients to receive dexmedetomidine before the induction of anesthesia in ECT.
28263242	0	15	Dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28263242	16	24	Combined	T080	C0205195
28263242	30	53	Intravenous Anesthetics	T121	C0242904
28263242	57	82	Electroconvulsive Therapy	T061	C0013806
28263242	86	99	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28263242	104	121	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
28263242	138	143	study	T062	C0008972
28263242	171	179	combined	T080	C0205195
28263242	180	186	use of	T169	C1524063
28263242	187	202	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28263242	208	231	intravenous anesthetics	T121	C0242904
28263242	243	259	seizure duration	T033	C0730597
28263242	288	313	electroconvulsive therapy	T061	C0013806
28263242	315	318	ECT	T061	C0013806
28263242	367	374	studies	T062	C0008972
28263242	394	403	effect of	T080	C1301751
28263242	404	419	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28263242	423	428	motor	T184	C0751494
28263242	434	454	electroencephalogram	T034	C1527380
28263242	455	474	(EEG)-based seizure	T033	C0234552
28263242	456	459	EEG	T034	C1527380
28263242	475	483	duration	T033	C0730597
28263242	490	497	maximum	T081	C0806909
28263242	498	520	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
28263242	522	525	MAP	T033	C0428886
28263242	531	541	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28263242	543	545	HR	T201	C0018810
28263242	553	556	ECT	T061	C0013806
28263242	568	581	recovery time	T079	C0002908
28263242	592	595	ECT	T061	C0013806
28263242	596	605	agitation	T184	C0085631
28263242	626	633	studies	T062	C0008972
28263242	648	656	patients	T101	C0030705
28263242	664	667	ECT	T061	C0013806
28263242	702	727	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
28263242	731	736	motor	T184	C0751494
28263242	740	751	EEG seizure	T033	C0234552
28263242	752	760	duration	T033	C0730597
28263242	769	784	dexmedetomidine	UnknownType	C0681860
28263242	789	814	nondexmedetomidine groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28263242	816	821	motor	T184	C0751494
28263242	825	832	studies	T062	C0008972
28263242	834	849	mean difference	T081	C1705241
28263242	851	853	MD	T081	C1705241
28263242	866	885	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28263242	887	889	CI	T081	C0009667
28263242	924	931	studies	T062	C0008972
28263242	933	935	MD	T081	C1705241
28263242	947	949	CI	T081	C0009667
28263242	983	990	maximum	T081	C0806909
28263242	991	994	MAP	T033	C0428886
28263242	999	1001	HR	T201	C0018810
28263242	1008	1011	ECT	T061	C0013806
28263242	1031	1038	reduced	T080	C0392756
28263242	1046	1067	dexmedetomidine group	UnknownType	C0681860
28263242	1069	1072	MAP	T033	C0428886
28263242	1076	1083	studies	T062	C0008972
28263242	1085	1087	MD	T081	C1705241
28263242	1100	1102	CI	T081	C0009667
28263242	1131	1133	HR	T201	C0018810
28263242	1137	1144	studies	T062	C0008972
28263242	1146	1148	MD	T081	C1705241
28263242	1161	1163	CI	T081	C0009667
28263242	1220	1235	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28263242	1266	1279	recovery time	T079	C0002908
28263242	1289	1301	reduced-dose	T081	C0445550
28263242	1302	1310	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
28263242	1323	1330	studies	T062	C0008972
28263242	1332	1334	MD	T081	C1705241
28263242	1347	1349	CI	T081	C0009667
28263242	1391	1406	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28263242	1410	1413	ECT	T061	C0013806
28263242	1437	1442	motor	T184	C0751494
28263242	1447	1458	EEG seizure	T033	C0234552
28263242	1459	1467	duration	T033	C0730597
28263242	1487	1494	maximum	T081	C0806909
28263242	1495	1498	MAP	T033	C0428886
28263242	1503	1505	HR	T201	C0018810
28263242	1512	1515	ECT	T061	C0013806
28263242	1542	1557	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28263242	1561	1564	ECT	T061	C0013806
28263242	1581	1594	recovery time	T079	C0002908
28263242	1600	1612	reduced-dose	T081	C0445550
28263242	1613	1621	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
28263242	1659	1667	patients	T101	C0030705
28263242	1679	1694	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28263242	1695	1701	before	T079	C0332152
28263242	1706	1729	induction of anesthesia	T061	C0853212
28263242	1733	1736	ECT	T061	C0013806

28263315|t|Whole-genome sequencing identifies common-to-rare variants associated with human blood metabolites
28263315|a|Genetic factors modifying the blood metabolome have been investigated through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of common genetic variants and through exome sequencing. We conducted a whole-genome sequencing study of common, low-frequency and rare variants to associate genetic variations with blood metabolite levels using comprehensive metabolite profiling in 1,960 adults. We focused the analysis on 644 metabolites with consistent levels across three longitudinal data collections. Genetic sequence variations at 101 loci were associated with the levels of 246 (38%) metabolites (P ≤ 1.9 × 10(-11)). We identified 113 (10.7%) among 1,054 unrelated individuals in the cohort who carried heterozygous rare variants likely influencing the function of 17 genes. Thirteen of the 17 genes are associated with inborn errors of metabolism or other pediatric genetic conditions. This study extends the map of loci influencing the metabolome and highlights the importance of heterozygous rare variants in determining abnormal blood metabolic phenotypes in adults.
28263315	0	23	Whole-genome sequencing	T063	C3640076
28263315	50	58	variants	T080	C0205419
28263315	59	74	associated with	T080	C0332281
28263315	75	80	human	T016	C0086418
28263315	81	86	blood	T031	C0005767
28263315	87	98	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28263315	99	114	Genetic factors	T169	C0017399
28263315	129	134	blood	T031	C0005767
28263315	135	145	metabolome	T070	C2350399
28263315	156	168	investigated	T169	C1292732
28263315	177	208	genome-wide association studies	T063	C2350277
28263315	210	214	GWAS	T063	C2350277
28263315	226	242	genetic variants	T070	C0042333
28263315	255	271	exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
28263315	288	311	whole-genome sequencing	T063	C3640076
28263315	312	317	study	T062	C2603343
28263315	329	342	low-frequency	T079	C0205213
28263315	352	360	variants	T080	C0205419
28263315	374	392	genetic variations	T070	C0042333
28263315	398	403	blood	T031	C0005767
28263315	404	414	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28263315	415	421	levels	T080	C0441889
28263315	428	441	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28263315	442	452	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28263315	453	462	profiling	T059	C1979963
28263315	472	478	adults	T100	C0001675
28263315	495	503	analysis	T062	C0936012
28263315	511	522	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28263315	539	545	levels	T080	C0441889
28263315	559	588	longitudinal data collections	T062	C0023981
28263315	590	606	Genetic sequence	T114,T123	C0029071
28263315	607	617	variations	T070	C0042333
28263315	625	629	loci	T028	C0678933
28263315	635	650	associated with	T080	C0332281
28263315	655	661	levels	T080	C0441889
28263315	675	686	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28263315	711	721	identified	T080	C0205396
28263315	756	767	individuals	T098	C0237401
28263315	775	781	cohort	T098	C0599755
28263315	794	806	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
28263315	812	820	variants	T080	C0205419
28263315	844	852	function	T169	C0542341
28263315	859	864	genes	T028	C0017337
28263315	885	890	genes	T028	C0017337
28263315	895	910	associated with	T080	C0332281
28263315	911	938	inborn errors of metabolism	T019,T047	C0025521
28263315	948	976	pediatric genetic conditions	T091	C1627754
28263315	983	988	study	T062	C2603343
28263315	989	996	extends	T082	C0439792
28263315	1001	1004	map	T059,T063	C0008630
28263315	1008	1012	loci	T028	C0678933
28263315	1029	1039	metabolome	T070	C2350399
28263315	1073	1085	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
28263315	1091	1099	variants	T080	C0205419
28263315	1115	1123	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28263315	1124	1129	blood	T031	C0005767
28263315	1130	1139	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28263315	1140	1150	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28263315	1154	1160	adults	T100	C0001675

28263460|t|Asunaprevir: An HCV Protease Inhibitor With Preferential Liver Distribution
28263460|a|Asunaprevir is an inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease, demonstrating efficacy in clinical studies in patients infected with HCV genotype 1 or 4, with either peginterferon / ribavirin or combinations of direct-acting antivirals. Because of preferential distribution of asunaprevir to the liver via organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP)- mediated transport, asunaprevir demonstrates high apparent oral clearance and very low plasma concentrations. Asunaprevir plasma concentrations are markedly increased by single-dose rifampin (an OATP inhibitor) and in subjects with moderate to severe hepatic impairment. In addition, modestly higher plasma concentrations of asunaprevir have been noted in subjects infected with HCV relative to healthy subjects and in Asian subjects relative to whites. At the marketed dose, infrequent hepatic transaminase abnormalities were poorly predicted by plasma concentrations. For a compound with these characteristics, hepatic concentrations may have provided an improved understanding of the in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to support decision making during development.
28263460	0	11	Asunaprevir	T109,T121	C3491974
28263460	16	38	HCV Protease Inhibitor	T121	C4049839
28263460	57	62	Liver	T023	C0023884
28263460	63	75	Distribution	T039	C1378698
28263460	76	87	Asunaprevir	T109,T121	C3491974
28263460	94	150	inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease	T121	C4049839
28263460	166	174	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28263460	178	194	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
28263460	198	206	patients	T101	C0030705
28263460	207	215	infected	T033	C0439663
28263460	221	235	HCV genotype 1	T005	C3532919
28263460	239	240	4	T005	C3532922
28263460	254	267	peginterferon	T116,T121,T129	C0982327
28263460	270	279	ribavirin	T114,T121	C0035525
28263460	283	295	combinations	T121	C0013162
28263460	299	323	direct-acting antivirals	T121	C3653501
28263460	336	361	preferential distribution	T039	C1378698
28263460	365	376	asunaprevir	T109,T121	C3491974
28263460	384	389	liver	T023	C0023884
28263460	394	432	organic anion-transporting polypeptide	T116,T123	C0949791
28263460	434	438	OATP	T116,T123	C0949791
28263460	441	459	mediated transport	T043	C0700215
28263460	461	472	asunaprevir	T109,T121	C3491974
28263460	500	504	oral	T030	C0226896
28263460	505	514	clearance	T080	C0449297
28263460	528	549	plasma concentrations	T081	C0683150
28263460	551	562	Asunaprevir	T109,T121	C3491974
28263460	563	584	plasma concentrations	T081	C0683150
28263460	598	607	increased	T081	C0205217
28263460	611	622	single-dose	T081	C0178602
28263460	623	631	rifampin	T109,T195	C0035608
28263460	636	640	OATP	T116,T123	C0949791
28263460	641	650	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28263460	659	667	subjects	T098	C0080105
28263460	685	691	severe	T080	C0205082
28263460	692	710	hepatic impairment	T047	C0948807
28263460	741	762	plasma concentrations	T081	C0683150
28263460	766	777	asunaprevir	T109,T121	C3491974
28263460	797	805	subjects	T098	C0080105
28263460	806	814	infected	T033	C0439663
28263460	820	823	HCV	T005	C0220847
28263460	836	852	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
28263460	860	865	Asian	T098	C0078988
28263460	866	874	subjects	T098	C0080105
28263460	887	893	whites	T098	C0080105
28263460	911	915	dose	T081	C0178602
28263460	917	927	infrequent	T079	C0521114
28263460	928	935	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28263460	936	948	transaminase	T116,T126	C0002594
28263460	949	962	abnormalities	T033	C0151625
28263460	988	1009	plasma concentrations	T081	C0683150
28263460	1017	1025	compound	T080	C0205198
28263460	1037	1052	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28263460	1054	1061	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28263460	1062	1076	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28263460	1128	1135	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28263460	1136	1151	pharmacokinetic	T062	C0201734
28263460	1156	1171	pharmacodynamic	T062	C1709518
28263460	1172	1176	data	T078	C1511726
28263460	1211	1222	development	T091	C0872152

28263519|t|Potential drug-drug interactions among prescriptions for elderly patients in primary health care
28263519|a|Elderly patients are at high risk from drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This study evaluates the potential DDIs in Turkish elderly patients at a primary health care outpatient clinic. Online database systems were used to examine DDIs on the prescriptions of patients (n = 1206). The clinical severity of DDIs was classified by the Lexi-Interact Online database. Of the 5059 prescriptions, 33% were found to have DDIs. We detected 29 (0.9%) A, 380 (11.8%) B, 2494 (77.7%) C, 289 (9%) D, and 18 (0.6%) X risk rating category DDIs among the prescriptions. Prescriptions of female patients and patients aged between 65 and 72 years showed significantly higher number of DDIs. The frequency of DDIs increased both with the number of drugs and combined preparations per prescription. Acetylsalicylic acid and salbutamol were the most frequently prescribed drugs contributing to clinically important DDIs. Additionally, acetylsalicylic acid and escitalopram, which interact with each other, were found on the list of Beers criteria. The most predicted clinical outcomes of DDIs were increase in therapeutic efficacy and adverse / toxic reactions. Conclusions: Prediction of DDIs in elderly patients will provide better prescribing and drug safety. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists should be closely monitored.
28263519	0	9	Potential	T080	C3245505
28263519	10	32	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
28263519	39	52	prescriptions	T058	C0033080
28263519	57	64	elderly	T098	C0001792
28263519	65	73	patients	T101	C0030705
28263519	77	96	primary health care	T058	C0033137
28263519	97	104	Elderly	T098	C0001792
28263519	105	113	patients	T101	C0030705
28263519	121	130	high risk	T033	C0332167
28263519	136	158	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
28263519	160	164	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	172	177	study	T062	C2603343
28263519	178	187	evaluates	T058	C0220825
28263519	192	201	potential	T080	C3245505
28263519	202	206	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	218	225	elderly	T098	C0001792
28263519	226	234	patients	T101	C0030705
28263519	240	259	primary health care	T058	C0033137
28263519	260	277	outpatient clinic	T073,T093	C0029916
28263519	279	302	Online database systems	T170	C0242356
28263519	324	328	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	336	349	prescriptions	T058	C0033080
28263519	353	361	patients	T101	C0030705
28263519	378	395	clinical severity	T033	C1836458
28263519	399	403	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	426	455	Lexi-Interact Online database	T170	C0242356
28263519	469	482	prescriptions	T058	C0033080
28263519	507	511	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	516	524	detected	T033	C0442726
28263519	618	622	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	633	646	prescriptions	T058	C0033080
28263519	648	661	Prescriptions	T058	C0033080
28263519	672	680	patients	T101	C0030705
28263519	685	693	patients	T101	C0030705
28263519	730	750	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28263519	761	765	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	771	780	frequency	T079	C0205212
28263519	784	788	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	789	798	increased	T081	C0205217
28263519	823	828	drugs	T121	C1254351
28263519	859	871	prescription	T058	C0033080
28263519	873	893	Acetylsalicylic acid	T109,T121	C0004057
28263519	898	908	salbutamol	T109,T121	C0001927
28263519	923	933	frequently	T079	C0332183
28263519	934	944	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28263519	945	950	drugs	T121	C1254351
28263519	967	987	clinically important	T033	C0243095
28263519	988	992	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	1008	1028	acetylsalicylic acid	T109,T121	C0004057
28263519	1033	1045	escitalopram	T109,T121	C1099456
28263519	1053	1061	interact	T169	C1704675
28263519	1105	1119	Beers criteria	T080	C4042847
28263519	1130	1157	predicted clinical outcomes	T033	C1333602
28263519	1161	1165	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	1183	1203	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
28263519	1208	1215	adverse	T046	C0559546
28263519	1218	1233	toxic reactions	T033	C0542243
28263519	1248	1258	Prediction	T078	C0681842
28263519	1262	1266	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28263519	1270	1277	elderly	T098	C0001792
28263519	1278	1286	patients	T101	C0030705
28263519	1307	1318	prescribing	T058	C0033080
28263519	1323	1334	drug safety	T080	C0678800
28263519	1343	1380	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents	T121	C0003211
28263519	1382	1421	selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors	T121	C0360105
28263519	1427	1462	beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists	T121	C2936789

28263657|t|The impact of psychotherapist training and experience on posttermination contact
28263657|a|This study sought to enhance our understanding of posttermination contact, with a particular focus on the role of training and experience in shaping attitudes and behaviors with respect to the posttermination period. We collected anonymous online survey data related to attitudes, policies, and experience of posttermination contact from 144 licensed clinicians. Our sample was composed of an experienced group of clinicians, with 20.7 years in practice on average. Clinicians had a range of clinical orientations and ∼25% of respondents were from outside of the United States. Over 90% of the participants (130) endorsed having had some form of posttermination contact, and 25% (36) reported initiating posttermination contact with a past patient. Only 62 participants (43.4%) reported receiving graduate training related to posttermination contact, and those with graduate training were more likely to have an established posttermination policy that they reviewed with patients. In addition, recent graduates were more likely to report having had training on this topic than older graduates. In terms of attitudes, therapists were more likely to anticipate positive rather than negative consequences of posttermination contact for both patients and themselves, and the longer a therapist had been in practice the less likely they were to anticipate negative consequences of posttermination contact. Additionally, a clinician's contact with their own therapist made them more likely to anticipate positive consequences for both themselves and their patients. Given the ubiquity of posttermination contact, the posttermination period should be given more attention in training programs and research. (PsycINFO Database Record
28263657	4	10	impact	T080	C4049986
28263657	14	29	psychotherapist	T097	C0557555
28263657	30	38	training	T065	C0220931
28263657	43	53	experience	T041	C0596545
28263657	57	72	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	73	80	contact	T054	C0031830
28263657	86	91	study	T062	C2603343
28263657	102	109	enhance	T052	C2349975
28263657	114	127	understanding	T041	C0162340
28263657	131	146	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	147	154	contact	T054	C0031830
28263657	174	179	focus	T082	C0205234
28263657	195	203	training	T065	C0220931
28263657	208	218	experience	T041	C0596545
28263657	222	229	shaping	UnknownType	C0679076
28263657	230	239	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28263657	244	253	behaviors	UnknownType	C0679076
28263657	274	289	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	290	296	period	T079	C1948053
28263657	301	310	collected	T169	C1516698
28263657	311	320	anonymous	T080	C2346787
28263657	321	334	online survey	T170	C0038951
28263657	335	339	data	T078	C1511726
28263657	351	360	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28263657	362	370	policies	T170	C0242456
28263657	376	386	experience	T041	C0596545
28263657	390	405	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	406	413	contact	T054	C0031830
28263657	423	431	licensed	T089	C0023636
28263657	432	442	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28263657	474	491	experienced group	T098	C1257890
28263657	495	505	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28263657	526	534	practice	T041	C0237607
28263657	538	545	average	T081	C1510992
28263657	547	557	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
28263657	564	569	range	T081	C1514721
28263657	573	581	clinical	T080	C0205210
28263657	582	594	orientations	T041	C0029266
28263657	607	618	respondents	T098	C0282122
28263657	629	636	outside	T082	C0205101
28263657	644	657	United States	T083	C0041703
28263657	675	687	participants	T098	C0679646
28263657	727	742	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	743	750	contact	T054	C0031830
28263657	774	784	initiating	T052	C0441655
28263657	785	800	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	801	808	contact	T054	C0031830
28263657	816	820	past	T079	C1444700
28263657	821	828	patient	T101	C0030705
28263657	838	850	participants	T098	C0679646
28263657	878	895	graduate training	T065	C0237922
28263657	907	922	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	923	930	contact	T054	C0031830
28263657	947	964	graduate training	T065	C0237922
28263657	993	1004	established	T080	C0443211
28263657	1005	1020	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	1021	1027	policy	T170	C0242456
28263657	1052	1060	patients	T101	C0030705
28263657	1075	1081	recent	T079	C0332185
28263657	1082	1091	graduates	T098	C0588053
28263657	1130	1138	training	T065	C0220931
28263657	1158	1163	older	T079	C1254367
28263657	1164	1173	graduates	T098	C0588053
28263657	1187	1196	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28263657	1198	1208	therapists	T097	C0871525
28263657	1240	1248	positive	T033	C1446409
28263657	1261	1269	negative	T033	C0205160
28263657	1270	1285	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28263657	1286	1301	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	1302	1309	contact	T054	C0031830
28263657	1319	1327	patients	T101	C0030705
28263657	1361	1370	therapist	T097	C0871525
28263657	1383	1391	practice	T041	C0237607
28263657	1432	1440	negative	T033	C0205160
28263657	1441	1456	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28263657	1457	1472	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	1473	1480	contact	T054	C0031830
28263657	1498	1509	clinician's	T097	C0871685
28263657	1510	1517	contact	T054	C0031830
28263657	1533	1542	therapist	T097	C0871525
28263657	1579	1587	positive	T033	C1446409
28263657	1588	1600	consequences	T169	C0686907
28263657	1631	1639	patients	T101	C0030705
28263657	1663	1678	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	1679	1686	contact	T054	C0031830
28263657	1692	1707	posttermination	T079	C0871548
28263657	1708	1714	period	T079	C1948053
28263657	1736	1745	attention	T041	C0004268
28263657	1749	1757	training	T065	C0220931
28263657	1758	1766	programs	T169	C3484370
28263657	1771	1779	research	T062	C0035168

28263809|t|Supercritical processed starch nanosponge as a carrier for enhancement of dissolution and pharmacological efficacy of fenofibrate
28263809|a|In current study, supercritical processed starch nanosponge (SSNS) used as a carrier for poorly water soluble drug (fenofibrate) to enhance its in-vitro and in-vivo performance. SSNS was prepared by using sol- gel method and effective supercritical drying technique. Fenofibrate was loaded into the SSNS by using solvent immersion method with selected and optimized organic solvent. BET surface area of SSNS was evaluated by nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis. SSNS and drug loaded SSNS were characterized by DSC, XRPD, FTIR, SEM, Contact angle study and evaluated for in-vitro, in-vivo studies. The results revealed that the formed SSNS material has high surface area (180m2/gm) with pore size (40 nm to 200nm). The DSC and XRPD study revealed the amorphization of drug within a SSNS. SEM study showed the continuous porous structure with differ nanosized pores of SSNS. Contact angle study showed improvement in aqueous wetting property of drug within a SSNS. In-vitro drug release study showed remarkable dissolution enhancement of SSNS formulation as compared to plain drug. In vivo pharmacodynamic study (hyperlipidaemia model) showed SNSS based formulation significantly improved the bioavailability of drug. Thus SSNS carrier system has good potential to be explored as a delivery system for poorly water soluble drugs.
28263809	0	13	Supercritical	T080	C0205556
28263809	24	30	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
28263809	31	41	nanosponge	T122	C0005479
28263809	47	54	carrier	T122	C0013161
28263809	59	70	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28263809	74	85	dissolution	T059	C3830465
28263809	90	105	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28263809	106	114	efficacy	T080	C0598333
28263809	118	129	fenofibrate	T109,T121	C0033228
28263809	141	146	study	T062	C2603343
28263809	148	161	supercritical	T080	C0205556
28263809	172	178	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
28263809	179	189	nanosponge	T122	C0005479
28263809	191	195	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	207	214	carrier	T122	C0013161
28263809	219	225	poorly	T080	C0205169
28263809	226	231	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28263809	232	239	soluble	T080	C1948047
28263809	240	244	drug	T121	C0013227
28263809	246	257	fenofibrate	T109,T121	C0033228
28263809	262	269	enhance	T052	C2349975
28263809	274	282	in-vitro	T080	C1533691
28263809	287	294	in-vivo	T082	C1515655
28263809	295	306	performance	T052	C1882330
28263809	308	312	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	317	325	prepared	T052	C1521827
28263809	335	350	sol- gel method	T059	C0201683
28263809	355	364	effective	T080	C1704419
28263809	365	395	supercritical drying technique	T059	C3830390
28263809	397	408	Fenofibrate	T109,T121	C0033228
28263809	413	419	loaded	T052	C1708715
28263809	429	433	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	443	467	solvent immersion method	T059	C0201683
28263809	496	511	organic solvent	T109	C0360100
28263809	513	529	BET surface area	T081	C0392762
28263809	533	537	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	542	551	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28263809	555	594	nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis	T059	C0022885
28263809	596	600	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	605	609	drug	T121	C0013227
28263809	610	616	loaded	T052	C1708715
28263809	617	621	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	627	640	characterized	T052	C1880022
28263809	644	647	DSC	T059	C0006780
28263809	649	653	XRPD	T059,T062	C1135961
28263809	655	659	FTIR	T062	C0206055
28263809	661	664	SEM	T059	C0026020
28263809	666	679	Contact angle	T081	C0392762
28263809	680	685	study	T062	C2603343
28263809	690	699	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28263809	704	712	in-vitro	T080	C1533691
28263809	714	721	in-vivo	T082	C1515655
28263809	735	742	results	T033	C0683954
28263809	768	772	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	773	781	material	T167	C0520510
28263809	786	790	high	T080	C0205250
28263809	791	803	surface area	T081	C0392762
28263809	820	829	pore size	T081	C3829176
28263809	852	855	DSC	T059	C0006780
28263809	860	864	XRPD	T059,T062	C1135961
28263809	865	870	study	T062	C2603343
28263809	884	897	amorphization	T070	C1254365
28263809	901	905	drug	T121	C0013227
28263809	915	919	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	921	924	SEM	T059	C0026020
28263809	925	930	study	T062	C2603343
28263809	942	952	continuous	T078	C0549178
28263809	953	969	porous structure	T082	C0678594
28263809	982	997	nanosized pores	T082	C1881977
28263809	1001	1005	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	1007	1020	Contact angle	T081	C0392762
28263809	1021	1026	study	T062	C2603343
28263809	1034	1045	improvement	T077	C2986411
28263809	1049	1056	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28263809	1057	1073	wetting property	T080	C0162598
28263809	1077	1081	drug	T121	C0013227
28263809	1091	1095	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	1097	1105	In-vitro	T080	C1533691
28263809	1106	1118	drug release	T070	C3850077
28263809	1119	1124	study	T062	C2603343
28263809	1143	1154	dissolution	T059	C3830465
28263809	1155	1166	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28263809	1170	1174	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	1175	1186	formulation	T062	C0524527
28263809	1190	1198	compared	T052	C1707455
28263809	1208	1212	drug	T121	C0013227
28263809	1214	1221	In vivo	T082	C1515655
28263809	1222	1243	pharmacodynamic study	T062	C1709518
28263809	1245	1260	hyperlipidaemia	T047	C0020473
28263809	1261	1266	model	T075	C0026336
28263809	1275	1279	SNSS	T122	C0005479
28263809	1286	1297	formulation	T062	C0524527
28263809	1312	1320	improved	T033	C0184511
28263809	1325	1340	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
28263809	1344	1348	drug	T121	C0013227
28263809	1355	1359	SSNS	T122	C0005479
28263809	1360	1367	carrier	T122	C0013161
28263809	1379	1383	good	T080	C0205170
28263809	1384	1393	potential	T080	C3245505
28263809	1414	1429	delivery system	T074	C0085104
28263809	1434	1440	poorly	T080	C0205169
28263809	1441	1446	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28263809	1447	1454	soluble	T080	C1948047
28263809	1455	1460	drugs	T121	C0013227

28263833|t|Preparation and characterization of gastrointestinal wafer formulations
28263833|a|Many active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) have a very poor or highly variable bioavailability after oral administration. One possibility to overcome this problem might be found in the application of mucoadhesive dosage forms like gastrointestinal wafers. However, a currently unsolved challenge is the control of the adhesion of the wafer to the intestinal mucus. One suggested solution might be the combination of gastrointestinal wafers and expanding systems. Such a combination requires thin and elastic wafers which are further characterized by an unidirectional drug release. In this study gastrointestinal, twolayered wafers containing a water-insoluble backing layer and a drug-loaded, mucoadhesive layer were fabricated by casting solvent technique. The backing layer consists of Ethocel™ Standard 10 Premium and the mucoadhesive layer was prepared using a mixture of Methocel™ E15 Premium LV, polyvinyl alcohol and Macrogol 400. The wafers were characterized regarding their appearance, mechanical properties and dissolution profiles as well as the influence of backing layer thickness on drug transfer and their ability of unidirectional drug release. The wafers with backing layer thickness of 500μg Ethocel ™/cm(2) presented adequate mechanical properties, a drug transfer about 73% and unidirectional drug release.
28263833	0	11	Preparation	T052	C1521827
28263833	16	32	characterization	T052	C1880022
28263833	36	52	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
28263833	53	58	wafer	T122	C0991560
28263833	59	71	formulations	T073	C1707824
28263833	77	110	active pharmaceutical ingredients	T121	C1254351
28263833	112	115	API	T121	C1254351
28263833	144	152	variable	T080	C0439828
28263833	153	168	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
28263833	175	194	oral administration	T061	C0001563
28263833	215	223	overcome	T052	C2983310
28263833	274	299	mucoadhesive dosage forms	T122	C0013058
28263833	305	321	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
28263833	322	328	wafers	T122	C0991560
28263833	341	350	currently	T079	C0521116
28263833	351	359	unsolved	T077	C1710576
28263833	377	384	control	T080	C0243148
28263833	392	400	adhesion	T070	C0175633
28263833	408	413	wafer	T122	C0991560
28263833	421	437	intestinal mucus	T031	C0026727
28263833	475	486	combination	T080	C0205195
28263833	490	506	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
28263833	507	513	wafers	T122	C0991560
28263833	518	535	expanding systems	T169	C0205245
28263833	544	555	combination	T080	C0205195
28263833	565	588	thin and elastic wafers	T122	C0991560
28263833	607	620	characterized	T052	C1880022
28263833	627	654	unidirectional drug release	T070	C3850077
28263833	664	669	study	T062	C2603343
28263833	670	686	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
28263833	688	705	twolayered wafers	T122	C0991560
28263833	719	748	water-insoluble backing layer	T080	C0205556
28263833	755	766	drug-loaded	T081	C0392762
28263833	768	786	mucoadhesive layer	T080	C0205556
28263833	806	831	casting solvent technique	T169	C0449851
28263833	837	850	backing layer	T080	C0205556
28263833	863	891	Ethocel™ Standard 10 Premium	T121	C1254351
28263833	900	918	mucoadhesive layer	T080	C0205556
28263833	940	947	mixture	T167	C0439962
28263833	951	975	Methocel™ E15 Premium LV	T109	C3886467
28263833	977	994	polyvinyl alcohol	T122	C0032623
28263833	999	1011	Macrogol 400	T109	C4076208
28263833	1017	1023	wafers	T122	C0991560
28263833	1029	1042	characterized	T052	C1880022
28263833	1059	1069	appearance	T080	C0700364
28263833	1071	1092	mechanical properties	T080	C0205556
28263833	1097	1117	dissolution profiles	T070	C3850077
28263833	1133	1142	influence	T077	C4054723
28263833	1146	1159	backing layer	T080	C0205556
28263833	1160	1169	thickness	T080	C1280412
28263833	1173	1186	drug transfer	T052	C0441655
28263833	1208	1235	unidirectional drug release	T070	C3850077
28263833	1241	1247	wafers	T122	C0991560
28263833	1253	1266	backing layer	T080	C0205556
28263833	1267	1276	thickness	T080	C1280412
28263833	1280	1293	500μg Ethocel	T109,T121	C0059756
28263833	1312	1320	adequate	T080	C0205411
28263833	1321	1342	mechanical properties	T080	C0205556
28263833	1346	1359	drug transfer	T052	C0441655
28263833	1374	1401	unidirectional drug release	T070	C3850077

28264346|t|Three new species of trigonopoid Platynotina (Tenebrionidae: Pedinini) from the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve, South Africa
28264346|a|Three new species representing closely related genera of the trigonopoid Platynotina are described from the Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve in South Africa: Atrocrates kandai sp. nov ., A. smithi sp. nov. and Schelodontes baviaanskloofensis sp. nov. Based on newly acquired material, the taxonomic concept of Atrocrates is verified. Phylogenetic relationships between Atrocrates and Schelodontes are briefly discussed.
28264346	6	9	new	T080	C0205314
28264346	10	17	species	T185	C1705920
28264346	21	44	trigonopoid Platynotina	T204	C0684063
28264346	46	59	Tenebrionidae	T204	C0998426
28264346	61	69	Pedinini	T204	C0684063
28264346	80	108	Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve	T083	C0017446
28264346	110	122	South Africa	T083	C0037712
28264346	129	132	new	T080	C0205314
28264346	133	140	species	T185	C1705920
28264346	170	176	genera	T078	C3669400
28264346	184	207	trigonopoid Platynotina	T204	C0684063
28264346	231	259	Baviaanskloof Nature Reserve	T083	C0017446
28264346	263	275	South Africa	T083	C0037712
28264346	277	302	Atrocrates kandai sp. nov	T185	C1705920
28264346	306	323	A. smithi sp. nov	T204	C0684063
28264346	329	368	Schelodontes baviaanskloofensis sp. nov	T204	C0684063
28264346	385	393	acquired	T080	C0439661
28264346	394	402	material	T185	C1705920
28264346	408	417	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
28264346	418	425	concept	T078	C0178566
28264346	429	439	Atrocrates	T204	C0684063
28264346	443	451	verified	T078	C1547321
28264346	453	479	Phylogenetic relationships	T062	C1519068
28264346	488	498	Atrocrates	T204	C0684063
28264346	503	515	Schelodontes	T204	C0684063

28264394|t|Discovery of <i>Neopanorpa chillcotti</i> Byers (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from Tibet, China, with discussion of its generic status
28264394|a|Neopanorpa chillcotti Byers, 1971 was originally described from Kathmandu in Nepal and is now found to be distributed in Gyirong, Tibet in China. The species is redescribed and illustrated based on new material from China and Nepal. The generic status of this species is briefly discussed.
28264394	0	9	Discovery	T052	C1880355
28264394	13	47	<i>Neopanorpa chillcotti</i> Byers	T204	C4005338
28264394	49	58	Mecoptera	T204	C1001487
28264394	60	70	Panorpidae	T204	C1015340
28264394	77	82	Tibet	T083	C0040182
28264394	84	89	China	T083	C0008115
28264394	114	128	generic status	T078	C1254370
28264394	129	156	Neopanorpa chillcotti Byers	T204	C4005338
28264394	193	202	Kathmandu	UnknownType	C0681784
28264394	206	211	Nepal	T083	C0027689
28264394	250	257	Gyirong	UnknownType	C0681784
28264394	259	264	Tibet	T083	C0040182
28264394	268	273	China	T083	C0008115
28264394	327	339	new material	T167	C0439861
28264394	345	350	China	T083	C0008115
28264394	355	360	Nepal	T083	C0027689
28264394	366	380	generic status	T078	C1254370
28264394	389	396	species	T185	C1705920
28264394	408	417	discussed	T054	C2584313

28264678|t|Passive case detection of malaria in Ratanakiri Province (Cambodia) to detect villages at higher risk for malaria
28264678|a|Cambodia reduced malaria incidence by more than 75% between 2000 and 2015, a target of the Millennium Development Goal 6. The Cambodian Government aims to eliminate all forms of malaria by 2025. The country's malaria incidence is highly variable at provincial level, but less is known at village level. This study used passive case detection (PCD) data at village level in Ratanakiri Province from 2010 to 2014 to describe incidence trends and identify high-risk areas of malaria to be primarily targeted towards malaria elimination. In 2010, the Cambodian malaria programme created a Malaria Information System (MIS) to capture malaria information at village level through PCD by village malaria workers and health facilities. The MIS data of Ratanakiri Province 2010-2014 were used to calculate annual incidence rates by Plasmodium species at province and commune levels. For estimating the trend at provincial level only villages reporting each year were selected. The communal incidences and the number of cases per village were visualized on a map per Plasmodium species and per year. Analysis of spatial clustering of village malaria cases by Plasmodium species was performed by year. Overall, malaria annual incidence rates per 1000 inhabitants decreased from 86 (2010) to 30 (2014). Falciparum incidence decreased (by 79% in 2014 compared to 2010; CI 95% 76-82%) more rapidly than vivax incidence (by 19% in 2014 compared to 2010; CI 95% 5-32%). There were ten to 16 significant spatial clusters each year. Big clusters tended to extend along the Cambodian-Vietnamese border and along the Sesan River. Three clusters appeared throughout all years (2010-2014): one with 21 villages appeared each year, the second shrunk progressively from 2012 to 2014 and the third was split into two smaller clusters in 2013 and 2014. The decline of malaria burden can be attributed to intensive malaria control activities implemented in the areas: distribution of a long-lasting insecticidal net per person and early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Dihydro-artemisinin piperaquine was the only first-line treatment for all malaria cases. No radical treatment with primaquine was provided for Plasmodium vivax cases, which could explain the slow decrease of P. vivax due to relapses. To achieve malaria elimination by 2025, priority should be given to the control of stable malaria clusters appearing over time.
28264678	0	22	Passive case detection	T062	C4288441
28264678	26	33	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	37	56	Ratanakiri Province	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	58	66	Cambodia	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	71	77	detect	T033	C0442726
28264678	78	86	villages	T083	C0562518
28264678	87	101	at higher risk	T033	C3843761
28264678	106	113	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	114	122	Cambodia	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	123	130	reduced	T080	C0392756
28264678	131	138	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	139	148	incidence	T081	C0021149
28264678	191	197	target	T169	C1521840
28264678	205	234	Millennium Development Goal 6	T170	C0018017
28264678	240	249	Cambodian	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	250	260	Government	T092	C0018104
28264678	261	265	aims	T078	C1947946
28264678	269	278	eliminate	T080	C0849355
28264678	292	299	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	313	322	country's	T083	C0454664
28264678	323	330	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	331	340	incidence	T081	C0021149
28264678	344	350	highly	T080	C0205250
28264678	351	359	variable	T080	C0439828
28264678	363	373	provincial	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	374	379	level	T080	C0441889
28264678	402	409	village	T083	C0562518
28264678	410	415	level	T080	C0441889
28264678	422	427	study	T062	C2603343
28264678	433	455	passive case detection	T062	C4288441
28264678	457	460	PCD	T062	C4288441
28264678	470	477	village	T083	C0562518
28264678	478	483	level	T080	C0441889
28264678	487	506	Ratanakiri Province	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	537	546	incidence	T081	C0021149
28264678	547	553	trends	T079	C1521798
28264678	558	566	identify	T080	C0205396
28264678	567	585	high-risk areas of	T033	C0332167
28264678	586	593	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	600	609	primarily	T080	C0205225
28264678	610	618	targeted	T169	C1521840
28264678	627	634	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	635	646	elimination	T080	C0849355
28264678	661	670	Cambodian	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	671	678	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	679	688	programme	T170	C0376691
28264678	699	725	Malaria Information System	T170	C0021428
28264678	727	730	MIS	T170	C0021428
28264678	743	750	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	751	762	information	T078	C1533716
28264678	766	773	village	T083	C0562518
28264678	774	779	level	T080	C0441889
28264678	788	791	PCD	T062	C4288441
28264678	795	802	village	T083	C0562518
28264678	803	818	malaria workers	T097	C0018724
28264678	823	840	health facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
28264678	846	849	MIS	T170	C0021428
28264678	850	854	data	T078	C1511726
28264678	858	877	Ratanakiri Province	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	901	910	calculate	T052	C1441506
28264678	911	917	annual	T079	C0332181
28264678	918	933	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
28264678	937	955	Plasmodium species	T204	C0032148
28264678	959	967	province	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	972	979	commune	T098	C0598781
28264678	980	986	levels	T080	C0441889
28264678	992	1002	estimating	T081	C0750572
28264678	1007	1012	trend	T079	C1521798
28264678	1016	1026	provincial	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	1027	1032	level	T080	C0441889
28264678	1038	1046	villages	T083	C0562518
28264678	1047	1056	reporting	T058	C0700287
28264678	1062	1066	year	T079	C0439234
28264678	1086	1094	communal	T096	C0009462
28264678	1095	1105	incidences	T081	C0021149
28264678	1124	1129	cases	T169	C0868928
28264678	1130	1133	per	T080	C3887962
28264678	1134	1141	village	T083	C0562518
28264678	1163	1166	map	T073	C0024779
28264678	1171	1189	Plasmodium species	T204	C0032148
28264678	1194	1202	per year	T079	C0439508
28264678	1204	1234	Analysis of spatial clustering	UnknownType	C0814928
28264678	1238	1245	village	T083	C0562518
28264678	1246	1253	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	1254	1259	cases	T169	C0868928
28264678	1263	1281	Plasmodium species	T204	C0032148
28264678	1286	1295	performed	T169	C0884358
28264678	1299	1303	year	T079	C0439234
28264678	1314	1321	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	1322	1328	annual	T079	C0332181
28264678	1329	1344	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
28264678	1354	1365	inhabitants	T101	C0030705
28264678	1366	1375	decreased	T080	C0392756
28264678	1405	1415	Falciparum	T204	C0032150
28264678	1416	1425	incidence	T081	C0021149
28264678	1426	1435	decreased	T080	C0392756
28264678	1452	1460	compared	T052	C1707455
28264678	1470	1472	CI	T081	C0009667
28264678	1490	1497	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28264678	1503	1508	vivax	T204	C0032154
28264678	1509	1518	incidence	T081	C0021149
28264678	1535	1543	compared	T052	C1707455
28264678	1553	1555	CI	T081	C0009667
28264678	1589	1600	significant	T078	C0750502
28264678	1601	1617	spatial clusters	T081	C0012641
28264678	1623	1627	year	T079	C0439234
28264678	1629	1641	Big clusters	T081	C0012641
28264678	1652	1658	extend	T082	C0439792
28264678	1669	1696	Cambodian-Vietnamese border	UnknownType	C0681784
28264678	1711	1722	Sesan River	T070	C0337050
28264678	1730	1738	clusters	T081	C0012641
28264678	1763	1768	years	T079	C0439234
28264678	1794	1802	villages	T083	C0562518
28264678	1817	1821	year	T079	C0439234
28264678	1834	1840	shrunk	T081	C0547047
28264678	1841	1854	progressively	T169	C0205329
28264678	1891	1896	split	T169	C1534709
28264678	1914	1922	clusters	T081	C0012641
28264678	1945	1952	decline	T067	C0868945
28264678	1956	1963	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	1964	1970	burden	T078	C2828008
28264678	1992	2001	intensive	T169	C0521110
28264678	2002	2028	malaria control activities	T052	C0441655
28264678	2029	2040	implemented	T052	C1708476
28264678	2048	2053	areas	T082	C0205146
28264678	2055	2067	distribution	T078	C0520511
28264678	2073	2085	long-lasting	T078	C0549178
28264678	2086	2102	insecticidal net	T074	C2717999
28264678	2107	2113	person	T098	C0027361
28264678	2118	2133	early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
28264678	2138	2144	prompt	T169	C0871157
28264678	2145	2154	treatment	T169	C1522326
28264678	2156	2175	Dihydro-artemisinin	T109,T121	C0058108
28264678	2176	2187	piperaquine	T109,T121	C0071105
28264678	2201	2221	first-line treatment	T061	C1708063
28264678	2230	2237	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	2238	2243	cases	T169	C0868928
28264678	2248	2255	radical	T080	C0439807
28264678	2256	2265	treatment	T169	C1522326
28264678	2271	2281	primaquine	T109,T121	C0071105
28264678	2299	2315	Plasmodium vivax	T204	C0032154
28264678	2316	2321	cases	T169	C0868928
28264678	2347	2351	slow	T080	C0439834
28264678	2352	2360	decrease	T081	C0547047
28264678	2364	2372	P. vivax	T204	C0032154
28264678	2380	2388	relapses	T067	C0035020
28264678	2393	2400	achieve	T080	C0205197
28264678	2401	2408	malaria	T047	C0024530
28264678	2409	2420	elimination	T080	C0849355
28264678	2430	2438	priority	T079	C0549179
28264678	2473	2479	stable	T080	C0205360
28264678	2480	2496	malaria clusters	T081	C0012641

28265047|t|Human Immunoglobulin Heavy Gamma Chain Polymorphisms: Molecular Confirmation Of Proteomic Assessment
28265047|a|Immunoglobulin G (IgG) proteins are known for the huge diversity of the variable domains of their heavy and light chains, aimed at protecting each individual against foreign antigens. The IgG also harbor specific polymorphism concentrated in the CH2 and CH3-CHS constant regions located on the Fc fragment of their heavy chains. But this individual particularity relies only on a few amino acids among which some could make accurate sequence determination a challenge for mass spectrometry - based techniques .The purpose of the study was to bring a molecular validation of proteomic results by the sequencing of encoding DNA fragments. It was performed using ten individual samples (DNA and sera) selected on the basis of their Gm (gamma marker) allotype polymorphism in order to cover the main immunoglobulin heavy gamma (IGHG) gene diversity. Gm allotypes, reflecting part of this diversity, were determined by a serological method. On its side, the IGH locus comprises four functional IGHG genes totalizing 34 alleles and encoding the four IgG subclasses. The genomic study focused on the nucleotide polymorphism of the CH2 and CH3-CHS exons and of the intron. Despite strong sequence identity, four pairs of specific gene amplification primers could be designed. Additional primers were identified to perform the subsequent sequencing. The nucleotide sequences obtained were first assigned to a specific IGHG gene, and then IGHG alleles were deduced using a home-made decision tree reading of the nucleotide sequences. IGHG amino acid (AA) alleles were determined by mass spectrometry. Identical results were found at 95% between alleles identified by proteomics and those deduced from genomics. These results validate the proteomic approach which could be used for diagnostic purposes, namely for a mother-and-child differential IGHG detection in a context of suspicion of congenital infection.
28265047	0	5	Human	T016	C0086418
28265047	6	38	Immunoglobulin Heavy Gamma Chain	T116,T129	C0021033
28265047	39	52	Polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
28265047	54	76	Molecular Confirmation	T082	C0026377
28265047	80	100	Proteomic Assessment	T034	C3463810
28265047	101	132	Immunoglobulin G (IgG) proteins	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
28265047	156	165	diversity	T080	C1880371
28265047	173	181	variable	T080	C0439828
28265047	182	189	domains	T087	C1514562
28265047	199	204	heavy	T116,T129	C0021034
28265047	209	221	light chains	T116,T129	C0021038
28265047	223	228	aimed	T078	C1947946
28265047	232	242	protecting	T033	C1545588
28265047	248	258	individual	T098	C0237401
28265047	267	274	foreign	T080	C1517294
28265047	275	283	antigens	T129	C0003320
28265047	289	292	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
28265047	305	313	specific	T080	C0205369
28265047	314	326	polymorphism	T045	C0032529
28265047	347	379	CH2 and CH3-CHS constant regions	T116,T129	C0021008
28265047	395	406	Fc fragment	T116,T129	C0021032
28265047	416	428	heavy chains	T116,T129	C0021034
28265047	439	449	individual	T098	C0237401
28265047	485	496	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28265047	525	533	accurate	T080	C0443131
28265047	534	556	sequence determination	T059,T063	C0751971
28265047	573	590	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28265047	593	598	based	T169	C1527178
28265047	599	609	techniques	T169	C0449851
28265047	615	622	purpose	T169	C1285529
28265047	630	635	study	T062	C2603343
28265047	651	660	molecular	T080	C1521991
28265047	661	671	validation	T062	C1519941
28265047	675	692	proteomic results	T034	C3463810
28265047	700	710	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28265047	714	722	encoding	T044	C1148560
28265047	723	736	DNA fragments	UnknownType	C0684192
28265047	745	754	performed	T169	C0884358
28265047	765	775	individual	T098	C0237401
28265047	776	783	samples	T026	C0444241
28265047	785	788	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28265047	793	797	sera	T116,T121,T129	C0020960
28265047	815	820	basis	T169	C1527178
28265047	830	832	Gm	T045	C0017393
28265047	834	846	gamma marker	T045	C0017393
28265047	848	856	allotype	T045	C0314648
28265047	857	869	polymorphism	T045	C0032529
28265047	897	935	immunoglobulin heavy gamma (IGHG) gene	T028	C1415978
28265047	936	945	diversity	T080	C1880371
28265047	947	949	Gm	T045	C0017393
28265047	950	959	allotypes	T045	C0314648
28265047	985	994	diversity	T080	C1880371
28265047	1001	1014	determined by	T080	C0521095
28265047	1017	1035	serological method	T059	C0036743
28265047	1054	1063	IGH locus	T028	C0017351
28265047	1079	1089	functional	T169	C0205245
28265047	1090	1100	IGHG genes	T028	C0017351
28265047	1115	1122	alleles	T028	C0002085
28265047	1127	1135	encoding	T044	C1148560
28265047	1145	1148	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
28265047	1149	1159	subclasses	T185	C0445604
28265047	1165	1172	genomic	T091	C0887950
28265047	1173	1178	study	T062	C2603343
28265047	1194	1204	nucleotide	T114	C0028630
28265047	1205	1217	polymorphism	T045	C0032529
28265047	1225	1246	CH2 and CH3-CHS exons	T114,T123	C0015295
28265047	1258	1264	intron	T114,T123	C0021920
28265047	1274	1280	strong	T080	C0442821
28265047	1281	1289	sequence	T086	C0004793
28265047	1290	1298	identity	T078	C0017390
28265047	1314	1322	specific	T080	C0205369
28265047	1323	1341	gene amplification	T045	C0017256
28265047	1342	1349	primers	T114	C0206415
28265047	1380	1387	primers	T114	C0206415
28265047	1393	1403	identified	T080	C0205396
28265047	1430	1440	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28265047	1446	1466	nucleotide sequences	T086	C0004793
28265047	1501	1509	specific	T080	C0205369
28265047	1510	1519	IGHG gene	T028	C0017351
28265047	1530	1542	IGHG alleles	T028	C0017351
28265047	1574	1587	decision tree	T170	C0011115
28265047	1603	1623	nucleotide sequences	T086	C0004793
28265047	1625	1653	IGHG amino acid (AA) alleles	T028	C0017351
28265047	1659	1672	determined by	T080	C0521095
28265047	1673	1690	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28265047	1692	1701	Identical	T080	C0205280
28265047	1702	1709	results	T033	C0683954
28265047	1736	1743	alleles	T028	C0002085
28265047	1744	1754	identified	T080	C0205396
28265047	1758	1768	proteomics	T059	C1327760
28265047	1792	1800	genomics	T091	C0887950
28265047	1808	1815	results	T033	C0683954
28265047	1816	1824	validate	T062	C1519941
28265047	1829	1838	proteomic	T091	C0872252
28265047	1872	1882	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28265047	1883	1891	purposes	T169	C1285529
28265047	1923	1935	differential	T080	C0443199
28265047	1936	1940	IGHG	T116,T129	C0021033
28265047	1941	1950	detection	T061	C1511790
28265047	1967	1976	suspicion	T041	C0242114
28265047	1980	2000	congenital infection	T047	C0275544

28265530|t|Discontinued Splenogonadal Fusion and Bilateral Empty Scrotum in an 18- Month -Old Boy
28265530|a|Splenogonadal fusion is a rare benign congenital anomaly defined as the presence of splenic tissue adherent to gonads. It was first described in 1883 by Bostroem, a German pathologist. We present a case of an 18- month -old boy who was referred as a case of bilateral empty scrotum since birth. During routine laparoscopic exploration, right vas deferens and testicular vessels were entering the right internal inguinal ring so right inguinal exploration was done, which revealed blind ending vas deferens and testicular vessels and the left testis was found intra-abdominally near the left internal ring with a mass on its upper pole. Wedge biopsy was taken from the upper pole of the testicle (site of the mass) for tissue diagnosis followed by orchidopexy. Histology showed splenic tissue. Although splenogonadal fusion is a rare condition, surgeons should be aware of this rare disease entity to avoid unnecessary aggressive interventions such as orchiectomy.
28265530	0	12	Discontinued	T033	C1444662
28265530	13	33	Splenogonadal Fusion	T019	C0266636
28265530	38	61	Bilateral Empty Scrotum	T019	C1261504
28265530	72	77	Month	T032	C1510828
28265530	83	86	Boy	T100	C0870221
28265530	87	107	Splenogonadal fusion	T019	C0266636
28265530	113	117	rare	T080	C0522498
28265530	125	143	congenital anomaly	T019	C0000768
28265530	171	185	splenic tissue	T024	C0771377
28265530	186	194	adherent	T169	C0334154
28265530	198	204	gonads	T023	C0018067
28265530	240	248	Bostroem	T016	C0086418
28265530	252	258	German	T098	C1556085
28265530	259	270	pathologist	T097	C0334866
28265530	285	289	case	T077	C1706256
28265530	300	305	month	T032	C1510828
28265530	311	314	boy	T100	C0870221
28265530	337	341	case	T077	C1706256
28265530	345	368	bilateral empty scrotum	T019	C1261504
28265530	389	396	routine	T080	C0205547
28265530	397	409	laparoscopic	T060	C0521291
28265530	410	421	exploration	T061	C1280903
28265530	423	441	right vas deferens	T023	C0228039
28265530	446	464	testicular vessels	T023	C4266473
28265530	483	511	right internal inguinal ring	T023	C0932530
28265530	515	529	right inguinal	T029	C0230318
28265530	530	541	exploration	T061	C1280903
28265530	567	579	blind ending	T033	C0243095
28265530	580	592	vas deferens	T023	C0042360
28265530	597	615	testicular vessels	T023	C4266473
28265530	624	635	left testis	T023	C0227998
28265530	646	663	intra-abdominally	T082	C1512910
28265530	678	691	internal ring	T030	C1512866
28265530	699	703	mass	T184	C0577573
28265530	711	721	upper pole	T023	C0227991
28265530	723	735	Wedge biopsy	T060	C0192152
28265530	755	781	upper pole of the testicle	T023	C0227991
28265530	783	787	site	T029	C1515974
28265530	795	799	mass	T184	C0577573
28265530	805	821	tissue diagnosis	T185	C1546905
28265530	834	845	orchidopexy	T061	C0194907
28265530	847	856	Histology	T059	C0344441
28265530	864	878	splenic tissue	T024	C0771377
28265530	889	909	splenogonadal fusion	T019	C0266636
28265530	915	919	rare	T080	C0522498
28265530	920	929	condition	T047	C0012634
28265530	931	939	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28265530	964	976	rare disease	T047	C0678236
28265530	993	1004	unnecessary	T058	C0376708
28265530	1016	1029	interventions	T061	C0808232
28265530	1038	1049	orchiectomy	T061	C0029189

28265773|t|First complete genome sequence of a virulent bacteriophage infecting the opportunistic pathogen Serratia rubidaea
28265773|a|A Serratia rubidaea phage, vB_Sru IME250, was isolated from hospital sewage. The morphology suggested that phage vB_Sru IME250 should be classified as a member of the family Myoviridae. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the phage genome has 154,938 nucleotides and consists of 193 coding DNA sequences, 90 of which have putative functions. The genome of vB_Sru IME250 is a linear, double-stranded DNA with an average GC content of 40.04%. The phage has a relatively high similarity to Klebsiella phage 0507-KN2-1, with a genome coverage of 84%.
28265773	6	14	complete	T080	C0205197
28265773	15	30	genome sequence	T086	C0162326
28265773	36	44	virulent	T080	C1520022
28265773	45	58	bacteriophage	T005	C0004651
28265773	59	68	infecting	T033	C0439663
28265773	73	95	opportunistic pathogen	T001	C0450254
28265773	96	113	Serratia rubidaea	T007	C0317446
28265773	116	154	Serratia rubidaea phage, vB_Sru IME250	T005	C0004651
28265773	160	168	isolated	T169	C0205409
28265773	174	182	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28265773	183	189	sewage	T069	C0036861
28265773	195	205	morphology	T080	C0332437
28265773	221	240	phage vB_Sru IME250	T005	C0004651
28265773	251	261	classified	T185	C0008902
28265773	281	287	family	T077	C1704727
28265773	288	298	Myoviridae	T005	C0206378
28265773	300	326	High-throughput sequencing	T063	C2936625
28265773	345	350	phage	T005	C0004651
28265773	351	357	genome	T028	C0017428
28265773	370	381	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
28265773	402	422	coding DNA sequences	T086	C0162326
28265773	441	459	putative functions	T169	C0542341
28265773	465	471	genome	T028	C0017428
28265773	475	488	vB_Sru IME250	T005	C0004651
28265773	494	500	linear	T082	C0205132
28265773	502	521	double-stranded DNA	T114,T123	C0311474
28265773	530	537	average	T081	C1510992
28265773	538	548	GC content	T081	C1135899
28265773	564	569	phage	T005	C0004651
28265773	592	602	similarity	T080	C2348205
28265773	606	633	Klebsiella phage 0507-KN2-1	T005	C3720827
28265773	642	648	genome	T028	C0017428

28266114|t|Interaction of lifestyle, behaviour or systemic diseases with dental caries and periodontal diseases: consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop on the boundaries between caries and periodontal diseases
28266114|a|Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common diseases of humans and the main cause of tooth loss. Both diseases can lead to nutritional compromise and negative impacts upon self-esteem and quality of life. As complex chronic diseases, they share common risk factors, such as a requirement for a pathogenic plaque biofilm, yet they exhibit distinct pathophysiologies. Multiple exposures contribute to their causal pathways, and susceptibility involves risk factors that are inherited (e.g. genetic variants), and those that are acquired (e.g. socio-economic factors, biofilm load or composition, smoking, carbohydrate intake). Identification of these factors is crucial in the prevention of both diseases as well as in their management. To systematically appraise the scientific literature to identify potential risk factors for caries and periodontal diseases. One systematic review (genetic risk factors), one narrative review (role of diet and nutrition) and reference documentation for modifiable acquired risk factors common to both disease groups, formed the basis of the report. There is moderately strong evidence for a genetic contribution to periodontal diseases and caries susceptibility, with an attributable risk estimated to be up to 50%. The genetics literature for periodontal disease is more substantial than for caries and genes associated with chronic periodontitis are the vitamin D receptor (VDR), Fc gamma receptor IIA (Fc-γRIIA) and Interleukin 10 (IL10) genes. For caries, genes involved in enamel formation (AMELX, AMBN, ENAM, TUFT, MMP20, and KLK4), salivary characteristics (AQP5), immune regulation and dietary preferences had the largest impact. No common genetic variants were found. Fermentable carbohydrates (sugars and starches) were the most relevant common dietary risk factor for both diseases, but associated mechanisms differed. In caries, the fermentation process leads to acid production and the generation of biofilm components such as Glucans. In periodontitis, glycaemia drives oxidative stress and advanced glycation end-products may also trigger a hyper inflammatory state. Micronutrient deficiencies, such as for vitamin C, vitamin D or vitamin B12, may be related to the onset and progression of both diseases. Functional foods or probiotics could be helpful in caries prevention and periodontal disease management, although evidence is limited and biological mechanisms not fully elucidated. Hyposalivation, rheumatoid arthritis, smoking/tobacco use, undiagnosed or sub-optimally controlled diabetes and obesity are common acquired risk factors for both caries and periodontal diseases.
28266114	0	24	Interaction of lifestyle	T054	C0851537
28266114	26	35	behaviour	T053	C0004927
28266114	39	56	systemic diseases	T047	C0442893
28266114	62	75	dental caries	T047	C0011334
28266114	80	100	periodontal diseases	T047	C0031090
28266114	102	160	consensus report of group 2 of the joint EFP/ORCA workshop	T097	C0086050
28266114	187	193	caries	T047	C0011334
28266114	198	218	periodontal diseases	T047	C0031090
28266114	219	239	Periodontal diseases	T047	C0031090
28266114	244	257	dental caries	T047	C0011334
28266114	271	286	common diseases	T047	C0012634
28266114	319	329	tooth loss	T020	C0080233
28266114	336	344	diseases	T047	C0012634
28266114	357	379	nutritional compromise	T169	C0012160
28266114	406	417	self-esteem	T041	C0036597
28266114	422	437	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28266114	442	466	complex chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28266114	479	498	common risk factors	T033	C0035648
28266114	528	553	pathogenic plaque biofilm	T001	C0599030
28266114	572	598	distinct pathophysiologies	T046	C0277785
28266114	600	618	Multiple exposures	T080	C0332157
28266114	660	683	susceptibility involves	T201	C0012655
28266114	684	696	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28266114	706	715	inherited	T169	C0439660
28266114	722	738	genetic variants	T070	C0042333
28266114	775	797	socio-economic factors	T080	C0086996
28266114	799	806	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28266114	828	835	smoking	T055	C0037369
28266114	837	856	carbohydrate intake	T201	C0489461
28266114	909	936	prevention of both diseases	T061	C0679698
28266114	951	967	their management	T058	C0376636
28266114	1000	1021	scientific literature	T170	C0023866
28266114	1034	1056	potential risk factors	T033	C0035648
28266114	1061	1067	caries	T047	C0011334
28266114	1072	1092	periodontal diseases	T047	C0031090
28266114	1098	1115	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28266114	1117	1137	genetic risk factors	T080	C0814299
28266114	1144	1160	narrative review	UnknownType	C0815257
28266114	1162	1188	role of diet and nutrition	T062	C1511900
28266114	1194	1217	reference documentation	T170	C0586393
28266114	1222	1254	modifiable acquired risk factors	T033	C0035648
28266114	1360	1380	genetic contribution	T033	C0243095
28266114	1384	1404	periodontal diseases	T047	C0031090
28266114	1409	1430	caries susceptibility	T032	C0011336
28266114	1440	1457	attributable risk	T080	C0814766
28266114	1489	1508	genetics literature	T169	C0017399
28266114	1513	1532	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28266114	1562	1568	caries	T047	C0011334
28266114	1573	1578	genes	T028	C0017337
28266114	1579	1594	associated with	T080	C0332281
28266114	1595	1616	chronic periodontitis	T047	C0266929
28266114	1625	1643	vitamin D receptor	T028	C0919430
28266114	1645	1648	VDR	T028	C0919430
28266114	1651	1672	Fc gamma receptor IIA	T028	C1414553
28266114	1674	1682	Fc-γRIIA	T028	C1414553
28266114	1688	1715	Interleukin 10 (IL10) genes	T028	C1334098
28266114	1704	1708	IL10	T028	C1334098
28266114	1721	1727	caries	T047	C0011334
28266114	1729	1734	genes	T028	C0017337
28266114	1747	1763	enamel formation	T033	C1333380
28266114	1765	1770	AMELX	T028	C1412382
28266114	1772	1776	AMBN	T028	C1412375
28266114	1778	1782	ENAM	T028	C1414397
28266114	1784	1788	TUFT	T116,T123	C0059090
28266114	1790	1795	MMP20	T028	C1417208
28266114	1801	1805	KLK4	T028	C1416675
28266114	1808	1832	salivary characteristics	T033	C2219488
28266114	1834	1838	AQP5	T028	C1412495
28266114	1841	1858	immune regulation	T040	C1327458
28266114	1863	1882	dietary preferences	T080	C0016483
28266114	1891	1905	largest impact	T080	C4049986
28266114	1946	1971	Fermentable carbohydrates	T109	C0012170
28266114	1973	1992	sugars and starches	UnknownType	C0684177
28266114	2032	2061	risk factor for both diseases	T033	C0850664
28266114	2102	2108	caries	T047	C0011334
28266114	2114	2134	fermentation process	T044	C0015852
28266114	2168	2189	generation of biofilm	T043	C1325881
28266114	2209	2216	Glucans	T109,T121	C0017696
28266114	2221	2234	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28266114	2236	2252	glycaemia drives	T033	C1320980
28266114	2253	2269	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28266114	2274	2292	advanced glycation	T067	C0598528
28266114	2325	2343	hyper inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28266114	2351	2377	Micronutrient deficiencies	T046	C0342917
28266114	2391	2400	vitamin C	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
28266114	2402	2411	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28266114	2415	2426	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266114	2450	2455	onset	T079	C0277793
28266114	2460	2488	progression of both diseases	T046	C0242656
28266114	2490	2506	Functional foods	T168	C2717755
28266114	2510	2520	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28266114	2541	2558	caries prevention	T058	C1960644
28266114	2563	2582	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28266114	2583	2593	management	T058	C0376636
28266114	2628	2649	biological mechanisms	T044	C0678659
28266114	2672	2686	Hyposalivation	T033	C0043352
28266114	2688	2708	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
28266114	2710	2729	smoking/tobacco use	T033	C0425291
28266114	2731	2742	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
28266114	2746	2770	sub-optimally controlled	T033	C2911690
28266114	2771	2779	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28266114	2784	2791	obesity	T047	C0028754
28266114	2812	2824	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28266114	2834	2840	caries	T047	C0011334
28266114	2845	2865	periodontal diseases	T047	C0031090

28266177|t|TNF-α promotes survival and migration of MSCs under oxidative stress via NF-κB pathway to attenuate intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts
28266177|a|The oxidative stress caused by endothelial injury is involved in intimal hyperplasia (IH) in vein grafts. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can home to injured intima and promote endothelial repair. However, MSC apoptosis is increased accompanied by decreased functional activity under oxidative stress. Thus, we investigate whether tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) can promote the survival and activity of MSCs under oxidative stress to reduce IH more effectively, and establish what role the NF-κB pathway plays in this. In this study, we preconditioned MSCs with TNF-α ((TNF)(-α-PC) MSCs) for 24 hrs and measured the activation of the IKK / NF-κB pathway. EdU and transwell assays were performed to assess proliferation and migration of (TNF)(-α-PC) MSCs. Apoptosis and migration of (TNF)(-α-)(PC) MSCs were evaluated in conditions of oxidative stress by analysis of the expression of Bcl-2 and CXCR4 proteins. (TNF)(-α-)(PC) MSCs were transplanted into a vein graft model, so that cell homing could be tracked, and endothelial apoptosis and IH of vein grafts were measured. The results demonstrated that TNF-α promotes proliferation and migration of MSCs. Furthermore, survival and migration of (TNF)(-α-)(PC) MSCs under oxidative stress were both enhanced. A greater number of MSCs migrated to the intima of vein grafts after preconditioning with TNF-α, and the formation of neointima was significantly reduced. These effects could be partially abolished by IKK XII (NF-κB inhibitor). All these results indicate that preconditioning with TNF-α can promote survival and migration of MSCs under oxidative stress via the NF-κB pathway and thus attenuate IH of vein grafts.
28266177	0	5	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28266177	6	14	promotes	T052	C0033414
28266177	15	23	survival	T043	C0007620
28266177	28	37	migration	T043	C1622501
28266177	41	45	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	52	68	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28266177	73	86	NF-κB pathway	T045	C1513838
28266177	90	99	attenuate	T052	C0599946
28266177	100	119	intimal hyperplasia	T047	C3854573
28266177	123	134	vein grafts	T023	C0440763
28266177	139	155	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28266177	156	165	caused by	T169	C0015127
28266177	166	177	endothelial	T024	C0014257
28266177	178	184	injury	T037	C3263723
28266177	200	219	intimal hyperplasia	T047	C3854573
28266177	221	223	IH	T047	C3854573
28266177	228	239	vein grafts	T023	C0440763
28266177	241	263	Mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28266177	265	269	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	283	290	injured	T169	C0332664
28266177	291	297	intima	T024	C1256463
28266177	302	309	promote	T052	C0033414
28266177	310	321	endothelial	T024	C0014257
28266177	322	328	repair	T058	C1705181
28266177	339	342	MSC	T025	C1257975
28266177	343	352	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28266177	356	365	increased	T081	C0205217
28266177	381	410	decreased functional activity	T184	C1397891
28266177	417	433	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28266177	444	455	investigate	T169	C1292732
28266177	464	488	tumour necrosis factor-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28266177	490	495	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28266177	501	508	promote	T052	C0033414
28266177	513	521	survival	T043	C0007620
28266177	526	534	activity	T052	C0441655
28266177	538	542	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	549	565	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28266177	569	575	reduce	T080	C0392756
28266177	576	578	IH	T047	C3854573
28266177	584	595	effectively	T080	C1704419
28266177	625	638	NF-κB pathway	T045	C1513838
28266177	662	667	study	T062	C2603343
28266177	672	686	preconditioned	T169	C0205245
28266177	687	691	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	697	702	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28266177	704	721	(TNF)(-α-PC) MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	751	761	activation	T052	C1879547
28266177	769	772	IKK	T116,T126	C0663914
28266177	775	788	NF-κB pathway	T045	C1513838
28266177	790	793	EdU	T114	C0613970
28266177	798	814	transwell assays	T059	C1510438
28266177	833	839	assess	T058	C0184514
28266177	840	853	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28266177	858	867	migration	T043	C1622501
28266177	871	888	(TNF)(-α-PC) MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	890	899	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28266177	904	913	migration	T043	C1622501
28266177	917	936	(TNF)(-α-)(PC) MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	942	951	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28266177	969	985	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28266177	989	997	analysis	T062	C0936012
28266177	1005	1015	expression	T045	C1171362
28266177	1019	1024	Bcl-2	T116	C4042483
28266177	1029	1043	CXCR4 proteins	T116,T192	C2352110
28266177	1045	1064	(TNF)(-α-)(PC) MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	1070	1082	transplanted	T061	C0040732
28266177	1090	1106	vein graft model	T023	C0440763
28266177	1116	1127	cell homing	T043	C0007613
28266177	1137	1144	tracked	T082	C0546881
28266177	1150	1161	endothelial	T024	C0014257
28266177	1162	1171	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28266177	1176	1178	IH	T047	C3854573
28266177	1182	1193	vein grafts	T023	C0440763
28266177	1199	1207	measured	T080	C0444706
28266177	1213	1220	results	T169	C1274040
28266177	1239	1244	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28266177	1245	1253	promotes	T052	C0033414
28266177	1254	1267	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28266177	1272	1281	migration	T043	C1622501
28266177	1285	1289	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	1304	1312	survival	T043	C0007620
28266177	1317	1326	migration	T043	C1622501
28266177	1330	1349	(TNF)(-α-)(PC) MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	1356	1372	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28266177	1383	1391	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28266177	1413	1417	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	1418	1426	migrated	T043	C1622501
28266177	1434	1440	intima	T024	C1256463
28266177	1444	1455	vein grafts	T023	C0440763
28266177	1462	1477	preconditioning	T169	C0205245
28266177	1483	1488	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28266177	1498	1507	formation	T169	C1522492
28266177	1511	1520	neointima	T020	C2936380
28266177	1525	1546	significantly reduced	T080	C0392756
28266177	1554	1561	effects	T080	C1280500
28266177	1594	1601	IKK XII	T043	C1818972
28266177	1603	1618	NF-κB inhibitor	T043	C1818972
28266177	1653	1668	preconditioning	T169	C0205245
28266177	1674	1679	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28266177	1684	1691	promote	T052	C0033414
28266177	1692	1700	survival	T043	C0007620
28266177	1705	1714	migration	T043	C1622501
28266177	1718	1722	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28266177	1729	1745	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28266177	1754	1767	NF-κB pathway	T045	C1513838
28266177	1777	1786	attenuate	T052	C0599946
28266177	1787	1789	IH	T047	C3854573
28266177	1793	1804	vein grafts	T023	C0440763

28266689|t|Local induction of inflammation affects bone formation
28266689|a|To explore the influence of inflammatory processes on bone formation, we applied a new in vivo screening model. Confined biological pockets were first created in rabbits as a response to implanted bone cement discs. These biomembrane pockets were subsequently used to study the effects of inflammatory stimuli on ectopic bone formation within biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) constructs loaded with TNF-α, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA), all with or without bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2. Analysis of bone formation after 12 weeks demonstrated that the inflammatory mediators were not bone - inductive in combination with the BCP alone, but inhibited or enhanced BMP -induced bone formation. LPS was associated with a strong inhibition of bone formation by BMP-2, while LTA and TNF-α showed a positive interaction with BMP-2. Since the biomembrane pockets did not interfere with bone formation and prevented the leakage of pro-inflammatory compounds to the surrounding tissue, the biomembrane model can be used for in vivo approaches to study local inflammation in conjunction with new bone formation. Using this model, it was shown that the modulation of the inflammatory response could be beneficial or detrimental to the subsequent bone formation process. The co-delivery of inflammatory factors and bone -related growth factors should be further explored as a strategy to enhance the bone-forming efficacy of bone substitutes.
28266689	0	5	Local	T082	C0205276
28266689	6	15	induction	T061	C0857127
28266689	19	31	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28266689	40	54	bone formation	T042	C0029433
28266689	70	79	influence	T077	C4054723
28266689	83	105	inflammatory processes	T046	C0021368
28266689	109	123	bone formation	T042	C0029433
28266689	142	149	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28266689	150	159	screening	T058	C1710032
28266689	160	165	model	T050	C0012644
28266689	176	186	biological	T080	C0205460
28266689	187	194	pockets	T082	C1254362
28266689	217	224	rabbits	T015	C3887509
28266689	242	251	implanted	T033	C2828363
28266689	252	269	bone cement discs	T122	C0005934
28266689	277	288	biomembrane	T026	C0682529
28266689	289	296	pockets	T082	C1254362
28266689	344	356	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28266689	357	364	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28266689	368	390	ectopic bone formation	T046	C0029396
28266689	398	424	biphasic calcium phosphate	T122,T197	C0210087
28266689	426	429	BCP	T122,T197	C0210087
28266689	431	441	constructs	T052	C1706853
28266689	454	459	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28266689	461	479	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28266689	481	484	LPS	T109	C0023810
28266689	489	506	lipoteichoic acid	T109	C0065067
28266689	508	511	LTA	T109	C0065067
28266689	526	533	without	T080	C0332288
28266689	534	568	bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2	T116,T123	C0527443
28266689	582	596	bone formation	T042	C0029433
28266689	634	656	inflammatory mediators	T121	C0243042
28266689	666	670	bone	T024	C0005931
28266689	673	682	inductive	T078	C0085978
28266689	722	731	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28266689	735	743	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28266689	744	747	BMP	T116,T123	C0053932
28266689	757	771	bone formation	T042	C0029433
28266689	773	776	LPS	T109	C0023810
28266689	806	816	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28266689	820	834	bone formation	T042	C0029433
28266689	838	843	BMP-2	T116,T123	C0527443
28266689	851	854	LTA	T109	C0065067
28266689	859	864	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28266689	874	882	positive	T033	C1446409
28266689	883	894	interaction	T169	C1704675
28266689	900	905	BMP-2	T116,T123	C0527443
28266689	917	928	biomembrane	T026	C0682529
28266689	929	936	pockets	T082	C1254362
28266689	937	954	did not interfere	T080	C0521103
28266689	960	974	bone formation	T042	C0029433
28266689	993	1000	leakage	T046	C0015376
28266689	1004	1020	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28266689	1021	1030	compounds	T080	C0205198
28266689	1050	1056	tissue	T024	C0040300
28266689	1062	1073	biomembrane	T026	C0682529
28266689	1074	1079	model	T050	C0012644
28266689	1096	1103	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28266689	1124	1129	local	T082	C0205276
28266689	1130	1142	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28266689	1146	1157	conjunction	T078	C2699427
28266689	1163	1181	new bone formation	T042	C0029433
28266689	1194	1199	model	T050	C0012644
28266689	1223	1233	modulation	T169	C0392747
28266689	1241	1262	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28266689	1272	1282	beneficial	T080	C3827682
28266689	1286	1297	detrimental	T046	C0879626
28266689	1316	1338	bone formation process	T042	C0029433
28266689	1344	1355	co-delivery	T169	C0391871
28266689	1359	1371	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28266689	1372	1379	factors	T169	C1521761
28266689	1384	1388	bone	T024	C0005931
28266689	1398	1412	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28266689	1457	1464	enhance	T052	C2349975
28266689	1469	1481	bone-forming	T042	C0029433
28266689	1482	1490	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28266689	1494	1510	bone substitutes	T122	C0243003

28266699|t|Rapidly Progressive and Almost Lethal Pneumonia
28266699|a|We herein describe the case of a 65- year -old male patient who presented with Osler's triad, which is the combination of endocarditis, pneumonia, and meningitis. This report is even more unusual since the pathogen isolated was the invasive and virulent strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3. The clinical entity described is also called Austrian syndrome. Even though rare in this antibiotic era, the syndrome remains one of high morbidity and mortality. This particular case is of paramount importance for the clinician reader. First, it documents the clinical features associated with invasive pneumococcal disease and the Austrian syndrome. Second, and equally important, it highlights why following the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines saves lives. For this case, the following steps were taken: 1. As a surrogate for perfusion, early and aggressive fluid resuscitation therapy (guided by lactic acid levels) was instituted; 2. also early in the treatment, broad spectrum antibiotics were administered; 3. to guide antibiotic therapy, microbiological cultures were obtained. The patient subsequently improved and was transferred to the internal medicine ward to complete 4 weeks of antibiotic therapy.
28266699	8	19	Progressive	T169	C0205329
28266699	31	47	Lethal Pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28266699	71	75	case	T077	C1706256
28266699	85	89	year	T079	C1510829
28266699	95	99	male	T098	C0025266
28266699	100	107	patient	T101	C0030705
28266699	127	140	Osler's triad	UnknownType	C0747067
28266699	170	182	endocarditis	T047	C0014118
28266699	184	193	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28266699	199	209	meningitis	T047	C0025289
28266699	254	262	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28266699	263	271	isolated	T169	C0205409
28266699	280	288	invasive	T080	C0205281
28266699	293	308	virulent strain	T001	C1518614
28266699	312	347	Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3	T007	C0522401
28266699	353	361	clinical	T080	C0205210
28266699	362	368	entity	T071	C1551338
28266699	394	411	Austrian syndrome	T047	C0039082
28266699	438	448	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28266699	449	452	era	T079	C1254367
28266699	458	466	syndrome	T047	C0039082
28266699	487	496	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28266699	501	510	mortality	T081	C0205848
28266699	528	532	case	T077	C1706256
28266699	568	584	clinician reader	T097	C0871685
28266699	610	627	clinical features	T201	C0683325
28266699	628	643	associated with	T080	C0332281
28266699	644	673	invasive pneumococcal disease	T047	C1320214
28266699	682	699	Austrian syndrome	T047	C0039082
28266699	764	800	Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines	T170	C0162791
28266699	807	812	lives	T078	C0376558
28266699	823	827	case	T077	C1706256
28266699	843	859	steps were taken	T201	C3166374
28266699	869	878	surrogate	T099	C4053457
28266699	883	892	perfusion	T061	C0031001
28266699	894	899	early	T079	C1279919
28266699	904	914	aggressive	T079	C0580822
28266699	915	942	fluid resuscitation therapy	T061	C0150238
28266699	954	972	lactic acid levels	T059	C0202115
28266699	998	1003	early	T079	C1279919
28266699	1011	1020	treatment	T169	C0039798
28266699	1037	1048	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28266699	1054	1066	administered	T169	C1521801
28266699	1080	1098	antibiotic therapy	T061	C0338237
28266699	1100	1124	microbiological cultures	T059	C0430402
28266699	1144	1151	patient	T101	C0030705
28266699	1182	1193	transferred	T058	C0030704
28266699	1201	1223	internal medicine ward	T073,T093	C1305702
28266699	1238	1243	weeks	T079	C0439230
28266699	1247	1265	antibiotic therapy	T061	C0338237

28266760|t|Race-related differences in tissue dielectric constant measured noninvasively at 300 MHz in male and female skin at multiple sites and depths
28266760|a|We hypothesized that reported race-related differences in skin properties cause skin and skin-to-fat water differences among races that are measureable by skin tissue dielectric constant (TDC) values that depend strongly on water content. Our first aim was to test this hypothesis. Also, since inter-side TDC ratios are used to assess edema and lymphedema, the second aim was to test if TDC ratios are race -dependent. The third aim was to determine the extent to which TDC depends on total body water (TBW) and fat (TBF). Tissue dielectric constant was measured to 1.5 or 5.0 mm depths bilaterally on chest, forearm and ankle in 100 young (19-39 years) adults with 10 male and 10 female per self-expressed race. Races were African-American, Asian, Asian-Indian, Caucasian and Hispanic groups. TBW and TBF were measured using bioimpedance. Tissue dielectric constant values decreased from chest to forearm to ankle (P<.001) independent of race with most values greater for males but with inter-arm TDC ratios independent of gender, site, depth, or race. For females, forearm TDC values differed among races (P<.01) with Asian and Asian-Indian values tending to be least. For males, chest TDC values differed among races (P<.01) mainly due to large African-American TDC values. For the composite group, TDC was strongly (P<.001) positively correlated with TBW and negatively correlated with TBF. Tissue dielectric constant dependence on race of the type herein uncovered should be considered in assessing skin hydration comparisons that include different race or ethnic subjects. Further, the demonstrated relationship between TDC and body composition should be considered as an important covariate. However, despite these variations, the inter - arm TDC ratio remains robust as a potential indicator of unilateral tissue water changes.
28266760	0	12	Race-related	T098	C0034510
28266760	13	24	differences	T080	C1705242
28266760	28	34	tissue	T024	C0684084
28266760	35	54	dielectric constant	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	55	63	measured	T080	C0444706
28266760	64	77	noninvasively	T058	C0814177
28266760	92	96	male	T032	C0086582
28266760	101	107	female	T032	C0086287
28266760	108	112	skin	T022	C1123023
28266760	116	124	multiple	T081	C0439064
28266760	125	130	sites	T082	C0205145
28266760	135	141	depths	T082	C0205125
28266760	145	157	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28266760	172	184	race-related	T098	C0034510
28266760	185	196	differences	T080	C1705242
28266760	200	204	skin	T022	C1123023
28266760	205	215	properties	T080	C0871161
28266760	222	226	skin	T022	C1123023
28266760	231	260	skin-to-fat water differences	T081	C0392762
28266760	267	272	races	T098	C0034510
28266760	282	293	measureable	T169	C1513040
28266760	297	308	skin tissue	T024	C0684084
28266760	309	328	dielectric constant	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	329	334	(TDC)	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	335	341	values	T081	C1522609
28266760	366	379	water content	T081	C0392762
28266760	391	394	aim	T078	C1947946
28266760	402	406	test	T169	C0039593
28266760	412	422	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28266760	436	446	inter-side	T029	C0005898
28266760	447	450	TDC	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	451	457	ratios	T081	C0456603
28266760	470	476	assess	T058	C0184514
28266760	477	482	edema	T184	C0013604
28266760	487	497	lymphedema	T047	C0024236
28266760	510	513	aim	T078	C1947946
28266760	521	525	test	T169	C0039593
28266760	529	532	TDC	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	533	539	ratios	T081	C0456603
28266760	544	548	race	T098	C0034510
28266760	571	574	aim	T078	C1947946
28266760	596	602	extent	T081	C0449286
28266760	612	615	TDC	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	627	643	total body water	T033	C0429632
28266760	644	649	(TBW)	T033	C0429632
28266760	654	657	fat	T033	C0424677
28266760	658	663	(TBF)	T033	C0424677
28266760	665	671	Tissue	T024	C0684084
28266760	672	691	dielectric constant	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	696	704	measured	T080	C0444706
28266760	722	728	depths	T082	C0205125
28266760	729	740	bilaterally	T082	C0238767
28266760	744	749	chest	T029	C0817096
28266760	751	758	forearm	T023	C0016536
28266760	763	768	ankle	T029	C0003086
28266760	776	802	young (19-39 years) adults	T100	C0238598
28266760	811	815	male	T032	C0086582
28266760	823	829	female	T032	C0086287
28266760	834	848	self-expressed	T169	C0205245
28266760	849	853	race	T098	C0034510
28266760	855	860	Races	T098	C0034510
28266760	866	882	African-American	T098	C0085756
28266760	884	889	Asian	T098	C0078988
28266760	891	903	Asian-Indian	T098	C1524069
28266760	905	914	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
28266760	919	934	Hispanic groups	T098	C0086409
28266760	936	939	TBW	T033	C0429632
28266760	944	947	TBF	T033	C0424677
28266760	953	961	measured	T080	C0444706
28266760	968	980	bioimpedance	T039	C0162536
28266760	982	988	Tissue	T024	C0684084
28266760	989	1008	dielectric constant	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	1009	1015	values	T081	C1522609
28266760	1016	1025	decreased	T081	C0205216
28266760	1031	1036	chest	T029	C0817096
28266760	1040	1047	forearm	T023	C0016536
28266760	1051	1056	ankle	T029	C0003086
28266760	1066	1080	independent of	T169	C0332291
28266760	1081	1085	race	T098	C0034510
28266760	1096	1102	values	T081	C1522609
28266760	1103	1110	greater	T081	C1704243
28266760	1115	1120	males	T032	C0086582
28266760	1130	1139	inter-arm	T029	C0005898
28266760	1140	1143	TDC	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	1144	1150	ratios	T081	C0456603
28266760	1151	1165	independent of	T169	C0332291
28266760	1166	1172	gender	T032	C0079399
28266760	1174	1178	site	T082	C0205145
28266760	1180	1185	depth	T082	C0205125
28266760	1190	1194	race	T098	C0034510
28266760	1200	1207	females	T032	C0086287
28266760	1209	1216	forearm	T023	C0016536
28266760	1217	1220	TDC	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	1221	1227	values	T081	C1522609
28266760	1228	1236	differed	T080	C1705242
28266760	1243	1248	races	T098	C0034510
28266760	1262	1267	Asian	T098	C0078988
28266760	1272	1284	Asian-Indian	T098	C1524069
28266760	1285	1291	values	T081	C1522609
28266760	1306	1311	least	T080	C1524031
28266760	1317	1322	males	T032	C0086582
28266760	1324	1329	chest	T029	C0817096
28266760	1330	1333	TDC	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	1334	1340	values	T081	C1522609
28266760	1341	1349	differed	T080	C1705242
28266760	1356	1361	races	T098	C0034510
28266760	1384	1389	large	T081	C0549177
28266760	1390	1406	African-American	T098	C0085756
28266760	1407	1410	TDC	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	1411	1417	values	T081	C1522609
28266760	1427	1442	composite group	T077	C1254372
28266760	1444	1447	TDC	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	1470	1480	positively	T033	C1514241
28266760	1481	1491	correlated	T080	C1707520
28266760	1497	1500	TBW	T033	C0429632
28266760	1505	1515	negatively	T033	C1513916
28266760	1516	1526	correlated	T080	C1707520
28266760	1532	1535	TBF	T033	C0424677
28266760	1537	1543	Tissue	T024	C0684084
28266760	1544	1563	dielectric constant	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	1564	1574	dependence	T080	C1701901
28266760	1578	1582	race	T098	C0034510
28266760	1636	1645	assessing	T058	C0184514
28266760	1646	1650	skin	T022	C1123023
28266760	1651	1660	hydration	T033	C1321013
28266760	1661	1672	comparisons	T052	C1707455
28266760	1696	1700	race	T098	C0034510
28266760	1704	1719	ethnic subjects	T098	C0015031
28266760	1734	1746	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
28266760	1747	1759	relationship	T080	C0439849
28266760	1768	1771	TDC	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	1776	1792	body composition	T032	C0005885
28266760	1820	1829	important	T080	C3898777
28266760	1830	1839	covariate	T081	C1705098
28266760	1864	1874	variations	T070	C3825550
28266760	1880	1885	inter	T079	C1548610
28266760	1888	1891	arm	T023	C0229962
28266760	1892	1895	TDC	UnknownType	C0813980
28266760	1896	1901	ratio	T081	C0456603
28266760	1910	1916	robust	T080	C2986815
28266760	1922	1931	potential	T080	C3245505
28266760	1932	1941	indicator	T169	C1522602
28266760	1945	1955	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28266760	1956	1962	tissue	T024	C0684084
28266760	1963	1968	water	T031	C0005909

28266784|t|Ethnic disparities relative to disease features and outcomes in children with acute myeloid leukemia
28266784|a|Hispanics with acute leukemias have poorer outcomes than non-Hispanic whites (NHWs), despite an increased likelihood of favorable prognostic features. We reviewed medical records from 167 children ages 0-18 years diagnosed with de novo AML over an 18-year period at Texas Children's Cancer Center, among whom 129 self-identified as Hispanic or NHW. Although Hispanics were significantly more likely to have the favorable prognostic cytogenetic feature t(8;21) (P = 0.04), the expected survival benefit was not observed. This lack of survival benefit was primarily due to significantly poorer event-free and overall survival among Hispanics treated with upfront stem cell transplantation after achieving first clinical remission (P = 0.008).
28266784	0	6	Ethnic	T033	C0680174
28266784	7	18	disparities	T033	C1171307
28266784	31	38	disease	T047	C0012634
28266784	39	47	features	T080	C2348519
28266784	52	60	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28266784	64	72	children	T100	C0008059
28266784	78	100	acute myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023467
28266784	101	110	Hispanics	T098	C0086409
28266784	116	131	acute leukemias	T191	C0085669
28266784	144	152	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28266784	158	177	non-Hispanic whites	T098	C1257890
28266784	179	183	NHWs	T098	C1257890
28266784	197	206	increased	T081	C0205217
28266784	207	217	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28266784	221	230	favorable	T080	C3640814
28266784	231	241	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28266784	242	250	features	T080	C2348519
28266784	264	279	medical records	T170	C0025102
28266784	289	297	children	T100	C0008059
28266784	314	323	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28266784	329	336	de novo	T078	C1515568
28266784	337	340	AML	T191	C0023467
28266784	367	372	Texas	T083	C0039711
28266784	373	397	Children's Cancer Center	T073,T093	C1552427
28266784	433	441	Hispanic	T098	C0086409
28266784	445	448	NHW	T098	C1257890
28266784	459	468	Hispanics	T098	C0086409
28266784	512	521	favorable	T080	C3640814
28266784	522	532	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28266784	533	544	cytogenetic	T091	C0010802
28266784	545	552	feature	T080	C2348519
28266784	586	594	survival	T169	C0220921
28266784	595	602	benefit	T081	C0814225
28266784	611	619	observed	T169	C1441672
28266784	634	642	survival	T169	C0220921
28266784	643	650	benefit	T081	C0814225
28266784	686	692	poorer	T080	C0542537
28266784	716	724	survival	T169	C0220921
28266784	731	740	Hispanics	T098	C0086409
28266784	741	753	treated with	T061	C0332293
28266784	762	787	stem cell transplantation	T061	C1504389
28266784	804	828	first clinical remission	T033	C0243095

28266821|t|Randomized Crossover Trial of Amoxapine Versus Vitamin B12 for Retrograde Ejaculation
28266821|a|To compare the efficacy and safety of amoxapine and vitamin B12 for treating retrograde ejaculation (RE). Between May 2009 and November 2012, this open-label, randomized, crossover study enrolled 26 men suffering with RE at Department of Reproductive Medicine, Omori Hospital. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups (n=13 each). The amoxapine - B12 group received amoxapine (50 mg daily for 4 weeks, orally) followed (after a 1- week washout period) by vitamin B12 (500 μg three-times daily for 4 weeks). The B12 - amoxapine group received the opposite regimen. All pa-tients masturbated to ejaculation at least twice during each treatment period. The primary outcome was antegrade ejaculation of semen, as reported by the patient, on more than one occasion during either treatment period (defined as treatment success). Any adverse events were noted. Success rates were compared between treatments using Fisher's exact test. One patient (B12 - amoxapine group) withdrew for personal reasons (breakdown of marital relations); all other patients completed the study. Overall success rate was 88% (22/25). Success rate was higher for amoxapine than for vitamin B12 (80%, 20/25 vs 16%, 4/25; P<0.0001). 18 patients were responsive to amoxapine but not to vitamin B12, 2 patients were responsive to vitamin B12 but not amoxapine, 2 patients were responsive to both drugs, and 3 patients had no response to either drug. One patient (4%) reported sleepiness and 2 (8%) reported constipation while receiving amoxapine. No adverse events were reported during vitamin B12 treatment. Amoxapine may be an effective, safe and well-tolerated therapy for RE.
28266821	0	10	Randomized	T062	C0034656
28266821	11	26	Crossover Trial	T062	C0150097
28266821	30	39	Amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	47	58	Vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	63	85	Retrograde Ejaculation	T046	C0403673
28266821	101	109	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28266821	114	120	safety	T068	C0036043
28266821	124	133	amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	138	149	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	154	162	treating	T061	C0087111
28266821	163	185	retrograde ejaculation	T046	C0403673
28266821	187	189	RE	T046	C0403673
28266821	200	203	May	T079	C3812381
28266821	213	221	November	T079	C3828767
28266821	233	243	open-label	T062	C1709323
28266821	245	255	randomized	T062	C0034656
28266821	257	272	crossover study	T062	C0150097
28266821	285	288	men	T098	C0025266
28266821	304	306	RE	T046	C0403673
28266821	310	361	Department of Reproductive Medicine, Omori Hospital	T093	C0596660
28266821	363	371	Patients	T101	C0030705
28266821	429	438	amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	441	444	B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	451	459	received	T080	C1514756
28266821	460	469	amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	477	482	daily	T079	C0332173
28266821	489	494	weeks	T079	C0439230
28266821	496	502	orally	T169	C1527415
28266821	525	529	week	T079	C0439230
28266821	530	544	washout period	T079	C1710661
28266821	549	560	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	557	560	B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	581	586	daily	T079	C0332173
28266821	593	598	weeks	T079	C0439230
28266821	605	608	B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	611	620	amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	627	635	received	T080	C1514756
28266821	649	656	regimen	T061	C0040808
28266821	662	671	pa-tients	T101	C0030705
28266821	672	683	masturbated	T055	C0024906
28266821	687	698	ejaculation	T040	C0013746
28266821	726	735	treatment	T061	C0087111
28266821	736	742	period	T079	C1948053
28266821	768	777	antegrade	T082	C0589502
28266821	778	789	ejaculation	T040	C0013746
28266821	793	798	semen	T031	C2756969
28266821	819	826	patient	T101	C0030705
28266821	868	877	treatment	T061	C0087111
28266821	878	884	period	T079	C1948053
28266821	897	914	treatment success	T080	C0679864
28266821	921	935	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28266821	948	961	Success rates	T081	C1521828
28266821	984	994	treatments	T061	C0087111
28266821	1001	1020	Fisher's exact test	T170	C1708064
28266821	1026	1033	patient	T101	C0030705
28266821	1035	1038	B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	1041	1050	amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	1102	1119	marital relations	T054	C0024818
28266821	1132	1140	patients	T101	C0030705
28266821	1170	1182	success rate	T081	C1521828
28266821	1200	1212	Success rate	T081	C1521828
28266821	1228	1237	amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	1247	1258	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	1299	1307	patients	T101	C0030705
28266821	1313	1323	responsive	T169	C0205342
28266821	1327	1336	amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	1348	1359	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	1363	1371	patients	T101	C0030705
28266821	1377	1387	responsive	T169	C0205342
28266821	1391	1402	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	1411	1420	amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	1424	1432	patients	T101	C0030705
28266821	1438	1448	responsive	T169	C0205342
28266821	1457	1462	drugs	T061	C3687832
28266821	1470	1478	patients	T101	C0030705
28266821	1483	1494	no response	T033	C4282382
28266821	1505	1509	drug	T061	C3687832
28266821	1515	1522	patient	T101	C0030705
28266821	1537	1547	sleepiness	T033	C0013144
28266821	1568	1580	constipation	T184	C0009806
28266821	1587	1596	receiving	T080	C1514756
28266821	1597	1606	amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	1608	1625	No adverse events	T033	C1963761
28266821	1647	1658	vitamin B12	T109,T121,T127	C0042845
28266821	1659	1668	treatment	T061	C0087111
28266821	1670	1679	Amoxapine	T109,T121	C0002644
28266821	1690	1699	effective	T080	C1704419
28266821	1710	1724	well-tolerated	T033	C0243095
28266821	1725	1732	therapy	T061	C0087111
28266821	1737	1739	RE	T046	C0403673

28266884|t|Intestinal micropatches for oral insulin delivery
28266884|a|Diabetes mellitus has become a major public health issue that has almost reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Injectable insulin has been typically utilized for the management of this chronic disease. However, lack of patient compliance with injectable formulations has spurred the development of oral insulin formulations, which although appealing, face several delivery challenges. We have developed novel mucoadhesive intestinal patches, several hundred micrometers in dimension (micropatches) that address the challenges of oral insulin delivery. The micropatches adhere to the intestinal mucosa, release their drug load rapidly within 30 min and are effective in lowering blood glucose levels in vivo. When insulin -loaded micropatches were administered with a permeation enhancer and protease inhibitor, a peak efficacy of 34% drop in blood glucose levels was observed within 3 h. Efficacy further improved to 41% when micropatches were administered in multiple doses. Here, we describe the design of micropatches as an oral insulin formulation and report their in vivo efficacy.
28266884	0	10	Intestinal	T023	C0021853
28266884	11	23	micropatches	T074	C0991556
28266884	28	32	oral	T082	C0442027
28266884	33	49	insulin delivery	T061	C3165280
28266884	50	67	Diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28266884	87	106	public health issue	T078	C1554189
28266884	131	151	epidemic proportions	T169	C0220823
28266884	163	181	Injectable insulin	UnknownType	C0544377
28266884	218	228	management	T058	C0376636
28266884	237	252	chronic disease	T047	C0008679
28266884	263	289	lack of patient compliance	T033	C0376405
28266884	295	305	injectable	T121	C0086466
28266884	306	318	formulations	T077	C1705957
28266884	350	354	oral	T082	C0442027
28266884	355	362	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28266884	363	375	formulations	T077	C1705957
28266884	416	424	delivery	T061	C1533734
28266884	425	435	challenges	T058	C0805586
28266884	461	473	mucoadhesive	T073	C0001516
28266884	474	484	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28266884	485	492	patches	T074	C0991556
28266884	510	521	micrometers	T081	C0439201
28266884	525	534	dimension	T081	C0439534
28266884	536	548	micropatches	T074	C0991556
28266884	567	577	challenges	T058	C0805586
28266884	581	585	oral	T082	C0442027
28266884	586	602	insulin delivery	T061	C3165280
28266884	608	620	micropatches	T074	C0991556
28266884	621	627	adhere	T067	C3714578
28266884	635	652	intestinal mucosa	T024	C0021839
28266884	668	672	drug	T121	C1254351
28266884	678	685	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28266884	708	717	effective	T080	C1704419
28266884	721	750	lowering blood glucose levels	T033	C0595883
28266884	751	758	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28266884	765	772	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28266884	781	793	micropatches	T074	C0991556
28266884	799	811	administered	T061	C1533734
28266884	819	838	permeation enhancer	T121	C1254351
28266884	843	861	protease inhibitor	T121	C0033607
28266884	865	869	peak	T080	C0444505
28266884	870	878	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28266884	886	914	drop in blood glucose levels	T033	C0595883
28266884	940	948	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28266884	978	990	micropatches	T074	C0991556
28266884	996	1008	administered	T061	C1533734
28266884	1012	1026	multiple doses	T201	C1960418
28266884	1060	1072	micropatches	T074	C0991556
28266884	1079	1083	oral	T082	C0442027
28266884	1084	1091	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28266884	1092	1103	formulation	T077	C1705957
28266884	1121	1128	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28266884	1129	1137	efficacy	T080	C1280519

28267102|t|Association Between Costs Related to Productivity Loss and Modified Risk Factors Among Users of the Brazilian National Health System
28267102|a|The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between costs related to productivity losses and its risk factors among users of the Brazilian National Health System. The public cost associated with productivity losses of 342 adults has been estimated, taking into account a period of 18 months. Costs related to productivity loss were estimate using data provided by the Brazilian National Health System (disability retirements) and absenteeism. Modifiable risk factors and unhealthy behaviors were assessed through interviews (physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, and smoking) and clinical assessments (obesity). Smoking and physical inactivity affected significantly the amount of money lost with productivity losses related to absenteeism. The presence of obesity generated higher expenditures with disability retirement, while low back pain and sleep disorder were the most relevant confounders in multivariate models for disability retirement and absenteeism. Among users of the Brazilian National Health System, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity seem to have a significant effect on productivity losses associated with health problems. Moreover, low back pain and sleep quality seem variables few explored but with potential to affect health care costs.
28267102	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28267102	20	25	Costs	T081	C0010186
28267102	37	54	Productivity Loss	T033	C4062086
28267102	59	67	Modified	T169	C0392747
28267102	68	80	Risk Factors	T033	C0035648
28267102	87	92	Users	T098	C1706077
28267102	100	132	Brazilian National Health System	T093	C0018696
28267102	178	190	associations	T080	C0439849
28267102	199	204	costs	T081	C0010186
28267102	216	235	productivity losses	T033	C4062086
28267102	244	256	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28267102	263	268	users	T098	C1706077
28267102	276	308	Brazilian National Health System	T093	C0018696
28267102	314	325	public cost	T081	C0010186
28267102	326	341	associated with	T080	C0332281
28267102	342	361	productivity losses	T033	C4062086
28267102	369	375	adults	T100	C0001675
28267102	418	424	period	T079	C1948053
28267102	439	444	Costs	T081	C0010186
28267102	456	473	productivity loss	T033	C4062086
28267102	494	498	data	T078	C1511726
28267102	515	547	Brazilian National Health System	T093	C0018696
28267102	549	559	disability	T033	C0231170
28267102	560	571	retirements	T033	C0035345
28267102	577	588	absenteeism	T055	C1283330
28267102	590	600	Modifiable	T169	C0392747
28267102	601	613	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28267102	618	637	unhealthy behaviors	UnknownType	C0679788
28267102	643	651	assessed	T052	C1516048
28267102	660	670	interviews	T052	C0021822
28267102	672	691	physical inactivity	T056	C3890554
28267102	693	712	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28267102	718	725	smoking	T055	C0037369
28267102	731	751	clinical assessments	T033	C3845884
28267102	753	760	obesity	T047	C0028754
28267102	763	770	Smoking	T055	C0037369
28267102	775	794	physical inactivity	T056	C3890554
28267102	795	803	affected	T169	C0392760
28267102	822	828	amount	T081	C1265611
28267102	832	837	money	T081	C0036245
28267102	838	842	lost	T169	C0745777
28267102	848	867	productivity losses	T033	C4062086
28267102	879	890	absenteeism	T055	C1283330
28267102	908	915	obesity	T047	C0028754
28267102	926	932	higher	T080	C0205250
28267102	933	945	expenditures	T081	C0031197
28267102	951	961	disability	T033	C0231170
28267102	962	972	retirement	T033	C0035345
28267102	980	993	low back pain	T184	C0024031
28267102	998	1012	sleep disorder	T047	C0851578
28267102	1027	1035	relevant	T080	C2347946
28267102	1036	1047	confounders	UnknownType	C0681885
28267102	1051	1070	multivariate models	T081	C0026777
28267102	1075	1085	disability	T033	C0231170
28267102	1086	1096	retirement	T033	C0035345
28267102	1101	1112	absenteeism	T055	C1283330
28267102	1120	1125	users	T098	C1706077
28267102	1133	1165	Brazilian National Health System	T093	C0018696
28267102	1167	1174	obesity	T047	C0028754
28267102	1176	1183	smoking	T055	C0037369
28267102	1189	1208	physical inactivity	T056	C3890554
28267102	1224	1235	significant	T078	C0750502
28267102	1236	1242	effect	T080	C1280500
28267102	1246	1265	productivity losses	T033	C4062086
28267102	1266	1281	associated with	T080	C0332281
28267102	1282	1297	health problems	T033	C2707292
28267102	1309	1322	low back pain	T184	C0024031
28267102	1327	1340	sleep quality	T033	C0424563
28267102	1346	1355	variables	T080	C0439828
28267102	1378	1387	potential	T080	C3245505
28267102	1391	1397	affect	T169	C0392760
28267102	1398	1415	health care costs	T081	C0085552

28267199|t|Real-world impact of non-breast cancer-specific death on overall survival in resectable breast cancer
28267199|a|The real-world occurrence rate of non-breast cancer-specific death (non-BCSD) and its impact on patients with breast cancer are poorly recognized. Women with resectable breast cancer from 1990 to 2007 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (n = 199,963) were analyzed. The outcome events of breast cancer were classified as breast cancer-specific death (BCSD), non-BCSD, or survival. Binary logistics was used to estimate the occurrence rates of non-BCSD and BCSD with different clinicopathological factors. The Gray method was used to measure the cumulative incidence of non-BCSD and BCSD. The ratio of non-BCSDs to all causes of death and stacked cumulative incidence function plots were used to present the impact of non-BCSD on overall survival (OS). Models of Cox proportional hazards regression and competing risk regression were compared to highlight the suitable model. There were 12,879 non-BCSDs (6.44%) and 28,784 BCSDs (14.39%). The oldest age group (>62 years), black race, and a single or divorced marital status were associated with more non-BCSDs. With adjustments for age, a hormone receptor-positive (HoR+) status was no longer related to increased non-BCSD s. In patients with grade 1, stage I disease and an HoR+ status as well as the oldest subgroup, a great dilution of non-BCSD on all causes of death could be observed, and this led to incorrect interpretations. The inaccuracy, caused by the commonly used Cox proportional hazards model, could be corrected by a competing risk model. OS was largely impaired by non-BCSD during early breast cancer. For some future clinical trial planning, especially for the oldest patients and those with HoR+ breast cancer, non-BCSD should be considered a competing risk event. Cancer 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
28267199	0	17	Real-world impact	T080	C4049986
28267199	21	53	non-breast cancer-specific death	T033	C1408354
28267199	57	73	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28267199	77	87	resectable	T080	C1514888
28267199	88	101	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28267199	117	132	occurrence rate	T081	C1521828
28267199	136	168	non-breast cancer-specific death	T033	C1408354
28267199	170	178	non-BCSD	T033	C1408354
28267199	188	194	impact	T080	C4049986
28267199	198	206	patients	T101	C0030705
28267199	212	225	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28267199	249	254	Women	T098	C0043210
28267199	260	270	resectable	T080	C1514888
28267199	271	284	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28267199	310	362	Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database	T093	C0242638
28267199	382	390	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28267199	396	403	outcome	T169	C1274040
28267199	404	410	events	T051	C0441471
28267199	414	427	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28267199	447	475	breast cancer-specific death	T081	C1516192
28267199	477	481	BCSD	T081	C1516192
28267199	484	492	non-BCSD	T033	C1408354
28267199	497	505	survival	T052	C0038952
28267199	507	523	Binary logistics	T062	C0206031
28267199	536	544	estimate	T081	C0750572
28267199	549	565	occurrence rates	T081	C1521828
28267199	569	577	non-BCSD	T033	C1408354
28267199	582	586	BCSD	T081	C1516192
28267199	602	629	clinicopathological factors	T169	C1521761
28267199	635	646	Gray method	T170	C0282574
28267199	659	666	measure	T081	C0079809
28267199	671	691	cumulative incidence	T081	C0021149
28267199	695	703	non-BCSD	T033	C1408354
28267199	708	712	BCSD	T081	C1516192
28267199	718	723	ratio	T081	C0456603
28267199	727	736	non-BCSDs	T033	C1408354
28267199	744	759	causes of death	T033	C0007465
28267199	764	771	stacked	T082	C3272897
28267199	772	792	cumulative incidence	T081	C0021149
28267199	793	807	function plots	T170	C0681493
28267199	833	839	impact	T080	C4049986
28267199	843	851	non-BCSD	T033	C1408354
28267199	855	871	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28267199	873	875	OS	T081	C4086681
28267199	878	923	Models of Cox proportional hazards regression	T081,T170	C0010235
28267199	928	953	competing risk regression	T170	C0034980
28267199	985	999	suitable model	T170	C3161035
28267199	1019	1028	non-BCSDs	T033	C1408354
28267199	1048	1053	BCSDs	T081	C1516192
28267199	1068	1084	oldest age group	T100	C0027362
28267199	1098	1108	black race	T098	C0005680
28267199	1116	1149	single or divorced marital status	T033	C4060922
28267199	1155	1170	associated with	T080	C0332281
28267199	1176	1185	non-BCSDs	T033	C1408354
28267199	1208	1211	age	T032	C0001779
28267199	1215	1254	hormone receptor-positive (HoR+) status	T191	C1562029
28267199	1280	1289	increased	T081	C0205217
28267199	1290	1298	non-BCSD	T033	C1408354
28267199	1305	1313	patients	T101	C0030705
28267199	1319	1343	grade 1, stage I disease	T047	C0012634
28267199	1351	1362	HoR+ status	T191	C1562029
28267199	1415	1423	non-BCSD	T033	C1408354
28267199	1431	1446	causes of death	T033	C0007465
28267199	1482	1507	incorrect interpretations	T033	C3845771
28267199	1513	1523	inaccuracy	T080	C0443236
28267199	1553	1583	Cox proportional hazards model	T081,T170	C0010235
28267199	1609	1629	competing risk model	T170	C0034980
28267199	1631	1633	OS	T081	C4086681
28267199	1646	1654	impaired	T169	C0221099
28267199	1658	1666	non-BCSD	T033	C1408354
28267199	1680	1693	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28267199	1711	1725	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
28267199	1726	1734	planning	T058	C1254363
28267199	1755	1761	oldest	T100	C0001795
28267199	1762	1770	patients	T101	C0030705
28267199	1786	1790	HoR+	T191	C1562029
28267199	1791	1804	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28267199	1806	1814	non-BCSD	T033	C1408354
28267199	1838	1858	competing risk event	UnknownType	C0814316
28267199	1880	1903	American Cancer Society	T094	C0002455

28267791|t|dMyc is required in retinal progenitors to prevent JNK-mediated retinal glial activation
28267791|a|In the nervous system, glial cells provide crucial insulation and trophic support to neurons and are important for neuronal survival. In reaction to a wide variety of insults, glial cells respond with changes in cell morphology and metabolism to allow repair. Additionally, these cells can acquire migratory and proliferative potential. In particular, after axonal damage or pruning the clearance of axonal debris by glial cells is key for a healthy nervous system. Thus, bidirectional neuron - glial interactions are crucial in development, but little is known about the cellular sensors and signalling pathways involved. In here, we show that decreased cellular fitness in retinal progenitors caused by reduced Drosophila Myc expression triggers non cell - autonomous activation of retinal glia proliferation and overmigration. Glia migration occurs beyond its normal limit near the boundary between differentiated photoreceptors and precursor cells, extending into the progenitor domain. This overmigration is stimulated by JNK activation (and the function of its target Mmp1), while proliferative responses are mediated by Dpp / TGF-β signalling activation.
28267791	0	4	dMyc	T116,T123	C1317967
28267791	20	27	retinal	T023	C0035298
28267791	28	39	progenitors	T025	C0038250
28267791	51	63	JNK-mediated	T043	C2250067
28267791	64	71	retinal	T023	C0035298
28267791	72	88	glial activation	T033	C1864676
28267791	96	110	nervous system	T022	C0027763
28267791	112	123	glial cells	T025	C0027836
28267791	140	181	insulation and trophic support to neurons	T043	C1154424
28267791	204	221	neuronal survival	T043	C1518295
28267791	265	276	glial cells	T025	C0027836
28267791	301	316	cell morphology	T201	C1521816
28267791	321	331	metabolism	T025	C3826603
28267791	341	347	repair	T043	C0007613
28267791	369	374	cells	T025	C0027836
28267791	387	396	migratory	T043	C1622501
28267791	401	414	proliferative	T169	C1514485
28267791	447	460	axonal damage	T037	C0752219
28267791	476	485	clearance	T080	C0449297
28267791	489	495	axonal	T026	C0004461
28267791	496	502	debris	T033	C4055264
28267791	506	517	glial cells	T025	C0027836
28267791	531	538	healthy	T080	C3898900
28267791	539	553	nervous system	T022	C0027763
28267791	575	581	neuron	T025	C0027882
28267791	584	589	glial	T025	C0027836
28267791	590	602	interactions	T043	C0007582
28267791	661	677	cellular sensors	T043	C3156357
28267791	682	701	signalling pathways	T043	C0037083
28267791	744	752	cellular	T025	C0027836
28267791	764	771	retinal	T023	C0035298
28267791	772	783	progenitors	T025	C0038250
28267791	802	812	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
28267791	813	816	Myc	T028	C0086661
28267791	817	827	expression	T045	C0017262
28267791	837	845	non cell	T025	C0333856
28267791	848	869	autonomous activation	T033	C0518003
28267791	873	880	retinal	T023	C0035298
28267791	881	885	glia	T025	C0027836
28267791	886	899	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28267791	904	917	overmigration	T043	C1622501
28267791	919	923	Glia	T025	C0027836
28267791	924	933	migration	T043	C1622501
28267791	991	1005	differentiated	T080	C0205615
28267791	1006	1020	photoreceptors	T025	C2350831
28267791	1025	1040	precursor cells	T025	C0368761
28267791	1061	1078	progenitor domain	T025	C0038250
28267791	1085	1098	overmigration	T043	C1516352
28267791	1116	1130	JNK activation	T043	C2250067
28267791	1163	1167	Mmp1	T028	C1417199
28267791	1176	1189	proliferative	T046	C0334094
28267791	1216	1219	Dpp	T044	C1325935
28267791	1222	1238	TGF-β signalling	T044	C1155363
28267791	1239	1249	activation	T044	C3823474

28267806|t|mRNA N6-methyladenosine methylation of postnatal liver development in pig
28267806|a|N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a ubiquitous reversible epigenetic RNA modification that plays an important role in the regulation of post-transcriptional protein coding gene expression. Liver is a vital organ and plays a major role in metabolism with numerous functions. Information concerning the dynamic patterns of mRNA m6A methylation during postnatal development of liver has been long overdue and elucidation of this information will benefit for further deciphering a multitude of functional outcomes of mRNA m6A methylation. Here, we profile transcriptome -wide m6A in porcine liver at three developmental stages: newborn (0 day), suckling (21 days) and adult (2 years). About 33% of transcribed genes were modified by m6A, with 1.33 to 1.42 m6A peaks per modified gene. m6A was distributed predominantly around stop codons. The consensus motif sequence RRm6ACH was observed in 78.90% of m6A peaks. A negative correlation (average Pearson's r = -0.45, P < 10-16) was found between levels of m6A methylation and gene expression. Functional enrichment analysis of genes consistently modified by m6A methylation at all three stages showed genes relevant to important functions, including regulation of growth and development, regulation of metabolic processes and protein catabolic processes. Genes with higher m6A methylation and lower expression levels at any particular stage were associated with the biological processes required for or unique to that stage. We suggest that differential m6A methylation may be important for the regulation of nutrient metabolism in porcine liver.
28267806	0	4	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28267806	5	23	N6-methyladenosine	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	24	35	methylation	T045	C2611689
28267806	39	48	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28267806	49	54	liver	T023	C0023884
28267806	55	66	development	T040	C0678723
28267806	70	73	pig	T015	C0039005
28267806	74	92	N6-methyladenosine	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	94	97	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	115	125	reversible	T169	C0205343
28267806	126	153	epigenetic RNA modification	T045	C1158744
28267806	178	182	role	T077	C1705810
28267806	190	224	regulation of post-transcriptional	T045	C1514248
28267806	225	244	protein coding gene	T028	C3839127
28267806	245	255	expression	T045	C0017262
28267806	257	262	Liver	T023	C0023884
28267806	274	279	organ	T023	C0178784
28267806	292	302	major role	T077	C1705810
28267806	306	316	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28267806	331	340	functions	T169	C0542341
28267806	342	353	Information	T078	C1533716
28267806	377	385	patterns	T082	C0449774
28267806	389	393	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28267806	394	397	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	398	409	methylation	T045	C2611689
28267806	417	426	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28267806	427	438	development	T040	C0678723
28267806	442	447	liver	T023	C0023884
28267806	494	505	information	T078	C1533716
28267806	511	518	benefit	T081	C0814225
28267806	531	542	deciphering	T041	C0162340
28267806	558	568	functional	T169	C0205245
28267806	569	577	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28267806	581	585	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28267806	586	589	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	590	601	methylation	T045	C2611689
28267806	612	619	profile	T059	C1979963
28267806	620	633	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28267806	640	643	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	647	654	porcine	T015	C3665571
28267806	655	660	liver	T023	C0023884
28267806	670	690	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
28267806	692	699	newborn	T008	C0003065
28267806	703	706	day	T079	C0439228
28267806	709	717	suckling	T015	C0003068
28267806	722	726	days	T079	C0439228
28267806	732	737	adult	T100	C0008059
28267806	741	746	years	T079	C0439234
28267806	762	779	transcribed genes	T028	C0017337
28267806	785	793	modified	T169	C0392747
28267806	797	800	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	820	823	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	834	842	modified	T169	C0392747
28267806	843	847	gene	T028	C0017337
28267806	849	852	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	857	868	distributed	T169	C1704711
28267806	890	901	stop codons	T086	C0242611
28267806	907	931	consensus motif sequence	T086	C0079160
28267806	932	939	RRm6ACH	T086	C0004793
28267806	966	969	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	979	987	negative	T033	C0205160
28267806	988	999	correlation	T080	C1707520
28267806	1009	1020	Pearson's r	T081	C0871052
28267806	1059	1065	levels	T080	C0441889
28267806	1069	1072	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	1073	1084	methylation	T045	C2611689
28267806	1089	1104	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28267806	1128	1136	analysis	T062	C0936012
28267806	1140	1145	genes	T028	C0017337
28267806	1146	1158	consistently	T080	C1524057
28267806	1159	1167	modified	T169	C0392747
28267806	1171	1174	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	1175	1186	methylation	T045	C2611689
28267806	1200	1206	stages	T079	C1306673
28267806	1214	1219	genes	T028	C0017337
28267806	1220	1228	relevant	T080	C2347946
28267806	1242	1251	functions	T169	C0542341
28267806	1263	1283	regulation of growth	T040	C1160191
28267806	1288	1299	development	T040	C0678723
28267806	1301	1311	regulation	T038	C1327622
28267806	1315	1334	metabolic processes	T040	C0025519
28267806	1339	1366	protein catabolic processes	T044	C0597297
28267806	1368	1373	Genes	T028	C0017337
28267806	1379	1385	higher	T080	C0205250
28267806	1386	1389	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	1390	1401	methylation	T045	C2611689
28267806	1406	1411	lower	T080	C0205251
28267806	1412	1429	expression levels	T081	C3244092
28267806	1448	1453	stage	T079	C1306673
28267806	1459	1474	associated with	T080	C0332281
28267806	1479	1499	biological processes	T038	C3714634
28267806	1500	1508	required	T169	C1514873
28267806	1516	1522	unique	T080	C1710548
28267806	1531	1536	stage	T079	C1306673
28267806	1567	1570	m6A	T114,T123	C0067228
28267806	1571	1582	methylation	T045	C2611689
28267806	1608	1618	regulation	T038	C1327622
28267806	1622	1630	nutrient	T168	C0678695
28267806	1631	1641	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28267806	1645	1652	porcine	T015	C3665571
28267806	1653	1658	liver	T023	C0023884

28268114|t|S. mansoni - T. cruzi co-infection modulates arginase-1 / iNOS expression, liver and heart disease in mice
28268114|a|Although Schistosoma species and Trypanosoma cruzi share common endemic areas, co-infections by these parasites remains overlooked. By using a murine model of S. mansoni and T. cruzi co-infection, we investigated if and to what extent these infections might interact to change the pathological outcomes typically observed when the host is infected by a single parasite species. Swiss mice were randomized into four groups: uninfected (NI) and those infected by S. mansoni (SM), T. cruzi (TC) or co-infected (SM + TC). After 120 days of S. mansoni infection, T. cruzi was concurrently inoculated and the infection occurred for 30 days. Taken together, we identified that the overlap of Th2 (schistosomiasis) and Th1 (Chagas disease) immunological patterns changes the host resistance against both pathogens. Beyond impairing the control of granulomatous inflammation, T. cruzi parasitemia and parasitism in co-infected animals, the Th2 inflammatory response against S. mansoni elicits the activation of the arginase-1 pathway to the detriment of inducible oxide nitric synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production, contributing to the liver damage, with minor effects on heart pathology.
28268114	0	10	S. mansoni	T204	C0036319
28268114	13	21	T. cruzi	T204	C0041221
28268114	22	34	co-infection	T047	C0275524
28268114	35	44	modulates	T082	C0443264
28268114	45	55	arginase-1	T116,T126	C2743700
28268114	58	62	iNOS	T116,T126	C1565683
28268114	63	73	expression	T045	C1171362
28268114	75	80	liver	T047	C0023895
28268114	85	98	heart disease	T047	C0018799
28268114	102	106	mice	T015	C0025929
28268114	116	135	Schistosoma species	T204	C0036319
28268114	140	157	Trypanosoma cruzi	T204	C0041221
28268114	171	184	endemic areas	T033	C2732661
28268114	186	199	co-infections	T047	C0275524
28268114	209	218	parasites	T204	C0030498
28268114	250	262	murine model	T075	C0026339
28268114	266	276	S. mansoni	T204	C0036319
28268114	281	289	T. cruzi	T204	C0041221
28268114	290	302	co-infection	T047	C0275524
28268114	307	319	investigated	T169	C1292732
28268114	348	358	infections	T046	C3714514
28268114	388	400	pathological	T169	C1521733
28268114	401	409	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28268114	420	428	observed	T169	C1441672
28268114	438	442	host	T001	C1167395
28268114	446	454	infected	T046	C3714514
28268114	467	475	parasite	T204	C0030498
28268114	476	483	species	T185	C1705920
28268114	485	495	Swiss mice	T015	C0162416
28268114	501	511	randomized	T062	C0034656
28268114	522	528	groups	T078	C0441833
28268114	530	540	uninfected	T169	C0521118
28268114	542	544	NI	T169	C0521118
28268114	568	578	S. mansoni	T204	C0036319
28268114	580	582	SM	T204	C0036319
28268114	585	593	T. cruzi	T204	C0041221
28268114	595	597	TC	T204	C0041221
28268114	602	613	co-infected	T047	C0275524
28268114	615	617	SM	T204	C0036319
28268114	620	622	TC	T204	C0041221
28268114	643	653	S. mansoni	T204	C0036319
28268114	654	663	infection	T046	C3714514
28268114	665	673	T. cruzi	T204	C0041221
28268114	691	701	inoculated	T061	C2987620
28268114	710	719	infection	T046	C3714514
28268114	781	788	overlap	T079	C1948020
28268114	792	795	Th2	T025	C0242633
28268114	797	812	schistosomiasis	T047	C0036323
28268114	818	821	Th1	T025	C0242632
28268114	823	837	Chagas disease	T047	C0041234
28268114	839	852	immunological	T169	C0205470
28268114	853	861	patterns	T082	C0449774
28268114	874	878	host	T001	C1167395
28268114	879	889	resistance	T039	C1514892
28268114	903	912	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28268114	921	930	impairing	T169	C0221099
28268114	935	942	control	T169	C2587213
28268114	946	972	granulomatous inflammation	T046	C0553697
28268114	974	982	T. cruzi	T204	C0041221
28268114	983	994	parasitemia	T047	C0242723
28268114	999	1009	parasitism	T070	C0677482
28268114	1013	1024	co-infected	T047	C0275524
28268114	1025	1032	animals	T008	C0003062
28268114	1038	1041	Th2	T025	C0242633
28268114	1042	1063	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28268114	1072	1082	S. mansoni	T204	C0036319
28268114	1095	1105	activation	T052	C1879547
28268114	1113	1123	arginase-1	T116,T126	C2743700
28268114	1124	1131	pathway	T077	C1705987
28268114	1139	1148	detriment	T169	C1883709
28268114	1152	1183	inducible oxide nitric synthase	T116,T126	C1565683
28268114	1185	1189	iNOS	T116,T126	C1565683
28268114	1191	1201	expression	T045	C1171362
28268114	1206	1218	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28268114	1220	1222	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28268114	1224	1234	production	T057	C0033268
28268114	1256	1268	liver damage	T046	C0151763
28268114	1275	1280	minor	T080	C0205165
28268114	1281	1288	effects	T080	C2348382
28268114	1292	1297	heart	T023	C0018787
28268114	1298	1307	pathology	T091	C0030664

28268438|t|Heart beat characterization from ballistocardiogram signals using extended functions of multiple instances
28268438|a|A multiple instance learning (MIL) method, extended Function of Multiple Instances (eFUMI), is applied to ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals produced by a hydraulic bed sensor. The goal of this approach is to learn a personalized heartbeat " concept " for an individual. This heartbeat concept is a prototype (or " signature ") that characterizes the heartbeat pattern for an individual in ballistocardiogram data. The eFUMI method models the problem of learning a heartbeat concept from a BCG signal as a MIL problem. This approach elegantly addresses the uncertainty inherent in a BCG signal (e. g., misalignment between training data and ground truth, mis-collection of heartbeat by some transducers, etc.). Given a BCG training signal coupled with a ground truth signal (e.g., a pulse finger sensor), training "bags" labeled with only binary labels denoting if a training bag contains a heartbeat signal or not can be generated. Then, using these bags, eFUMI learns a personalized concept of heartbeat for a subject as well as several non- heartbeat background concepts. After learning the heartbeat concept, heartbeat detection and heart rate estimation can be applied to test data. Experimental results show that the estimated heartbeat concept found by eFUMI is more representative and a more discriminative prototype of the heartbeat signals than those found by comparison MIL methods in the literature.
28268438	0	10	Heart beat	T042	C0425583
28268438	11	27	characterization	T052	C1880022
28268438	33	59	ballistocardiogram signals	T060	C0004700
28268438	66	106	extended functions of multiple instances	T170	C0002045
28268438	109	149	multiple instance learning (MIL) method,	T170	C0025663
28268438	150	189	extended Function of Multiple Instances	T170	C0002045
28268438	191	196	eFUMI	T170	C0002045
28268438	213	231	ballistocardiogram	T060	C0004700
28268438	233	236	BCG	T060	C0004700
28268438	260	280	hydraulic bed sensor	T073	C0183210
28268438	286	290	goal	T170	C0018017
28268438	299	307	approach	T057	C0039152
28268438	335	344	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	347	354	concept	T078	C0178566
28268438	364	374	individual	T098	C0237401
28268438	381	390	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	391	398	concept	T078	C0178566
28268438	404	413	prototype	T170	C0282574
28268438	420	429	signature	T170	C1547907
28268438	438	451	characterizes	T078	C3875152
28268438	456	465	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	481	491	individual	T098	C0237401
28268438	495	513	ballistocardiogram	T060	C0004700
28268438	524	536	eFUMI method	T170	C0002045
28268438	537	543	models	T170	C3161035
28268438	548	555	problem	T033	C0033213
28268438	570	579	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	580	587	concept	T078	C0178566
28268438	595	605	BCG signal	T060	C0004700
28268438	611	614	MIL	T170	C0025663
28268438	615	622	problem	T033	C0033213
28268438	629	637	approach	T057	C0039152
28268438	662	673	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28268438	688	698	BCG signal	T060	C0004700
28268438	707	719	misalignment	T080	C1275957
28268438	728	741	training data	T078	C1511726
28268438	760	774	mis-collection	T169	C0205245
28268438	778	787	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	796	807	transducers	T074	C0040661
28268438	824	827	BCG	T060	C0004700
28268438	828	843	training signal	T067	C1710082
28268438	844	851	coupled	T169	C1948027
28268438	859	878	ground truth signal	T067	C1710082
28268438	888	907	pulse finger sensor	T073	C0183210
28268438	996	1005	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	1006	1012	signal	T067	C1710082
28268438	1062	1067	eFUMI	T170	C0002045
28268438	1090	1097	concept	T078	C0178566
28268438	1101	1110	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	1149	1158	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	1170	1178	concepts	T078	C0178566
28268438	1199	1208	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	1209	1216	concept	T078	C0178566
28268438	1218	1227	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	1228	1237	detection	T061	C1511790
28268438	1242	1252	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28268438	1253	1263	estimation	T081	C0750572
28268438	1287	1291	data	T078	C1511726
28268438	1293	1313	Experimental results	T033	C2825142
28268438	1328	1337	estimated	T081	C0750572
28268438	1338	1347	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	1348	1355	concept	T078	C0178566
28268438	1365	1370	eFUMI	T170	C0002045
28268438	1420	1429	prototype	T170	C0282574
28268438	1437	1446	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28268438	1447	1454	signals	T067	C1710082
28268438	1475	1485	comparison	T052	C1707455
28268438	1486	1497	MIL methods	T170	C0025663

28268504|t|Hip segmentation from MRI volumes in infants for DDH diagnosis and treatment planning
28268504|a|Diagnosis and surgical management of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (DDH) relies on physical examination and 2D ultrasound scanning. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be used to complement existing techniques and could be advantageous in treatment planning due to its larger field of view. In this paper we propose a semi-automatic method to segment surface models of the acetabulum from MRI images. The method incorporates clinical knowledge in the form of intensity priors which are integrated into a Random Walker (RW) formulation. We use a modified RW framework which compensates for incomplete or blurred boundaries in the image by using information from neighboring slices in the sequence incorporated as node weights. We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the segmentation on a set of 10 infant hip MRI sequences using a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner. Contours obtained from the semi-automated segmentation were compared against manually segmented hip contours using Dice Ratio (DR), Hausdorff Distance (HD) and Root Mean Square (RMS) distance. The proposed method gave values of (DR = 0.84 ± 0.5, HD =3.0 ± 0.7, RMS =1.9 ± 0.3) and (DR =0.86 ± 0.2, HD =3.0 ± 0.1, RMS = 2.0 ± 0.6) for right and left acetabular contours respectively which was higher than the corresponding values obtained from conventional RW segmentation. The execution time of the segmentation algorithm was less than ~4 seconds on a 3.5 GHz CPU.
28268504	0	3	Hip	T023	C0019552
28268504	4	16	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28268504	22	25	MRI	T060	C0024485
28268504	37	44	infants	T100	C0021270
28268504	49	52	DDH	T019	C0019555
28268504	53	62	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28268504	67	85	treatment planning	T170	C0599880
28268504	86	95	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28268504	100	119	surgical management	T058	C1515089
28268504	123	157	Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip	T019	C0019555
28268504	159	162	DDH	T019	C0019555
28268504	174	194	physical examination	T058	C0031809
28268504	202	221	ultrasound scanning	T060	C0041618
28268504	223	249	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C0024485
28268504	251	254	MRI	T060	C0024485
28268504	291	301	techniques	T169	C0449851
28268504	331	349	treatment planning	T170	C0599880
28268504	410	424	semi-automatic	T169	C0205554
28268504	425	431	method	T170	C0025663
28268504	435	457	segment surface models	T170	C3161035
28268504	465	475	acetabulum	T023	C0000962
28268504	481	484	MRI	T060	C0024485
28268504	485	491	images	T078	C1551337
28268504	497	503	method	T170	C0025663
28268504	517	525	clinical	T080	C0205210
28268504	526	535	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28268504	551	567	intensity priors	T170	C0876936
28268504	596	626	Random Walker (RW) formulation	T170	C0002045
28268504	637	645	modified	T169	C0392747
28268504	646	648	RW	T170	C0002045
28268504	665	676	compensates	T080	C0205432
28268504	681	691	incomplete	T080	C0205257
28268504	695	702	blurred	T080	C0205556
28268504	703	713	boundaries	T185	C2828371
28268504	721	726	image	T078	C1551337
28268504	736	747	information	T078	C1533716
28268504	753	771	neighboring slices	T082	C1254362
28268504	779	787	sequence	T169	C1519249
28268504	804	816	node weights	T081	C0392762
28268504	833	844	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28268504	848	856	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28268504	861	873	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28268504	889	895	infant	T100	C0021270
28268504	896	899	hip	T023	C0019552
28268504	900	903	MRI	T060	C0024485
28268504	904	913	sequences	T169	C1519249
28268504	932	942	MR scanner	T074	C0183115
28268504	944	952	Contours	T082	C0876954
28268504	971	985	semi-automated	T169	C0205554
28268504	986	998	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28268504	1004	1012	compared	T052	C1707455
28268504	1021	1029	manually	T033	C3842330
28268504	1030	1039	segmented	T066	C2697664
28268504	1040	1043	hip	T023	C0019552
28268504	1044	1052	contours	T082	C0876954
28268504	1059	1069	Dice Ratio	T081	C0456603
28268504	1071	1073	DR	T081	C0456603
28268504	1076	1094	Hausdorff Distance	T081	C0012751
28268504	1096	1098	HD	T081	C0012751
28268504	1104	1120	Root Mean Square	T081	C2347976
28268504	1122	1125	RMS	T081	C2347976
28268504	1150	1156	method	T170	C0025663
28268504	1173	1175	DR	T081	C0456603
28268504	1190	1192	HD	T081	C0012751
28268504	1205	1208	RMS	T081	C2347976
28268504	1226	1228	DR	T081	C0456603
28268504	1242	1244	HD	T081	C0012751
28268504	1257	1260	RMS	T081	C2347976
28268504	1278	1283	right	T029	C0834313
28268504	1288	1312	left acetabular contours	T029	C0834314
28268504	1336	1342	higher	T080	C0205250
28268504	1387	1399	conventional	T080	C0439858
28268504	1400	1402	RW	T170	C0002045
28268504	1403	1415	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28268504	1421	1430	execution	T052	C1705848
28268504	1431	1435	time	T079	C0040223
28268504	1443	1455	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28268504	1456	1465	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28268504	1483	1490	seconds	T079	C0457385
28268504	1504	1507	CPU	T073	C1707144

28268645|t|Effect of temperature on sleep regulation in an animal epilepsy model
28268645|a|Besides recurring seizures, disordered sleep is common in individuals with epilepsy and may present as reduced sleep depth, altered proportions of different stages of sleep, intermittent arousal, and other phenomena. Sleep loss can in turn precipitate seizures, thus sustaining a vicious cycle. It is well known that changes in ambient temperature elicit thermoregulatory responses that alter the dynamics of sleep. As a first step toward therapeutic sleep modulation for epilepsy, we assessed the effect of elevated ambient temperature on sleep dynamics and seizure yield in the chronic pilocarpine mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy. The results in a small sample indicate that temperature does in fact significantly alter the proportions and durations of each vigilance state in this model, with possibly correlated changes in seizure incidence. Manipulation of ambient temperature therefore offers a simple and relatively unobtrusive way of titrating sleep quality and perhaps alleviating the seizure burden in epilepsy.
28268645	0	21	Effect of temperature	T070	C0871499
28268645	25	41	sleep regulation	T040	C0599428
28268645	48	54	animal	T008	C0003062
28268645	55	63	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28268645	64	69	model	T050	C0012644
28268645	78	87	recurring	T079	C2945760
28268645	88	96	seizures	T184	C0036572
28268645	98	114	disordered sleep	T033	C3808451
28268645	128	139	individuals	T098	C0237401
28268645	145	153	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28268645	173	180	reduced	T080	C0392756
28268645	181	192	sleep depth	T033	C0474396
28268645	194	201	altered	T169	C0392747
28268645	202	213	proportions	T081	C1709707
28268645	227	242	stages of sleep	T040	C0037319
28268645	244	256	intermittent	T079	C0205267
28268645	257	264	arousal	T041	C0003808
28268645	276	285	phenomena	T067	C1882365
28268645	287	297	Sleep loss	T033	C0235161
28268645	322	330	seizures	T184	C0036572
28268645	337	347	sustaining	T169	C0443318
28268645	350	363	vicious cycle	T079	C1511572
28268645	387	394	changes	T169	C0392747
28268645	398	417	ambient temperature	T070	C0428692
28268645	418	424	elicit	T080	C0449265
28268645	425	441	thermoregulatory	T039	C2371150
28268645	442	451	responses	T032	C0871261
28268645	457	462	alter	T169	C0392747
28268645	467	475	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28268645	479	484	sleep	T040	C0037313
28268645	509	520	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28268645	521	537	sleep modulation	T033	C0474396
28268645	542	550	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28268645	555	563	assessed	T052	C1516048
28268645	568	574	effect	T080	C1280500
28268645	578	586	elevated	T080	C3163633
28268645	587	606	ambient temperature	T070	C0428692
28268645	610	615	sleep	T040	C0037313
28268645	616	624	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28268645	629	636	seizure	T184	C0036572
28268645	650	657	chronic	T079	C0205191
28268645	658	669	pilocarpine	T109,T121	C0031923
28268645	670	681	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28268645	685	707	temporal lobe epilepsy	T047	C0014556
28268645	753	764	temperature	T081	C0039476
28268645	802	813	proportions	T081	C1709707
28268645	818	827	durations	T079	C0449238
28268645	836	851	vigilance state	T041	C0043012
28268645	860	865	model	T050	C2986594
28268645	881	891	correlated	T080	C1707520
28268645	892	899	changes	T169	C0392747
28268645	903	910	seizure	T184	C0036572
28268645	911	920	incidence	T081	C0021149
28268645	922	934	Manipulation	T169	C0392747
28268645	938	957	ambient temperature	T070	C0428692
28268645	1028	1033	sleep	T040	C0037313
28268645	1034	1041	quality	T080	C0332306
28268645	1070	1077	seizure	T184	C0036572
28268645	1078	1084	burden	T078	C2828008
28268645	1088	1096	epilepsy	T047	C0014544

28268917|t|Automated basal cell carcinoma detection in high-definition optical coherence tomography
28268917|a|Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common non-melanoma skin cancer. Conventional diagnosis of BCC requires invasive biopsies. Recently, a high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) technique has been developed, which provides a non-invasive in vivo imaging method of skin. Good agreements of BCC features between HD-OCT images and histopathological architecture have been found. Therefore it is possible to automatically detect BCC using HD-OCT. This paper presents a novel BCC detection method that consists of four steps: graph based skin surface segmentation, surface flattening, deep feature extraction and the BCC classification. The effectiveness of the proposed method is well demonstrated on a dataset of 5,040 images. It can therefore serve as an automatic tool for screening BCC.
28268917	10	30	basal cell carcinoma	T191	C0007117
28268917	44	88	high-definition optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
28268917	89	109	Basal cell carcinoma	T191	C0007117
28268917	111	114	BCC	T191	C0007117
28268917	135	159	non-melanoma skin cancer	T191	C0699893
28268917	187	190	BCC	T191	C0007117
28268917	200	208	invasive	T080	C0205281
28268917	209	217	biopsies	T060	C0005558
28268917	231	275	high-definition optical coherence tomography	T060	C0920367
28268917	277	283	HD-OCT	T060	C0920367
28268917	332	344	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28268917	345	367	in vivo imaging method	T059	C1708481
28268917	371	375	skin	T022	C1123023
28268917	396	399	BCC	T191	C0007117
28268917	417	423	HD-OCT	T060	C0920367
28268917	424	430	images	T078	C1551337
28268917	435	465	histopathological architecture	T169	C0243140
28268917	532	535	BCC	T191	C0007117
28268917	542	548	HD-OCT	T060	C0920367
28268917	578	581	BCC	T191	C0007117
28268917	582	598	detection method	T060	C0430022
28268917	640	652	skin surface	T029	C1180212
28268917	653	665	segmentation	T058	C0700381
28268917	667	685	surface flattening	T169	C0016203
28268917	719	722	BCC	T191	C0007117
28268917	743	756	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28268917	889	892	BCC	T191	C0007117

28268982|t|Acoustic evaluation of pirfenidone on patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis emphysema syndrome
28268982|a|The combined pulmonary fibrosis emphysema syndrome (CPFES) overall has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival of 35-80%. Consequently, to evaluate possible positive effects on patients of novel agents as pirfenidone is relevant. However, the efficacy of pirfenidone in CPFES patients is still not well-known. In this study we propose an alternative to evaluate the effects of pirfenidone treatment on CPFES patients via acoustic information. Quantitative analysis of discontinuous adventitious lung sounds (DLS), known as crackles, has been promising to detect and characterize diverse pulmonary pathologies. The present study combines independent components (ICs) analysis of LS and the automated selection of ICs associated with DLS. ICs 's features as fractal dimension, entropy and sparsity produce several clusters by kmeans. Those clusters containing ICs of DLS are exclusively considered to finally estimate the number of DLS per ICs by a time - variant AR modeling. For the evaluation of the effects of pirfenidone, the 2D DLS - ICs spatial distribution in conjunction with the estimated number of DLS events are shown. The methodology is applied to two real cases of CPFES with 6 and 12 months of treatment. The acoustica l evaluation indicates that pirfenidone treatment may not be satisfactory for CPFES patients but further evaluation has to be performed.
28268982	0	8	Acoustic	T070	C0001166
28268982	9	19	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28268982	23	34	pirfenidone	T109,T121	C0298067
28268982	38	46	patients	T101	C0030705
28268982	52	98	combined pulmonary fibrosis emphysema syndrome	T047	C3872815
28268982	103	149	combined pulmonary fibrosis emphysema syndrome	T047	C3872815
28268982	151	156	CPFES	T047	C3872815
28268982	172	186	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
28268982	201	209	survival	T081	C1709301
28268982	256	264	positive	T033	C1446409
28268982	265	272	effects	T080	C1280500
28268982	276	284	patients	T101	C0030705
28268982	304	315	pirfenidone	T109,T121	C0298067
28268982	319	327	relevant	T080	C2347946
28268982	342	350	efficacy	T080	C0087113
28268982	354	365	pirfenidone	T109,T121	C0298067
28268982	369	374	CPFES	T047	C3872815
28268982	375	383	patients	T101	C0030705
28268982	393	407	not well-known	T080	C0439673
28268982	452	460	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28268982	465	472	effects	T080	C1280500
28268982	476	487	pirfenidone	T109,T121	C0298067
28268982	488	497	treatment	T061	C0087111
28268982	501	506	CPFES	T047	C3872815
28268982	507	515	patients	T101	C0030705
28268982	520	540	acoustic information	T070	C0001166
28268982	542	563	Quantitative analysis	T081	C0034384
28268982	567	580	discontinuous	T079	C0439599
28268982	581	605	adventitious lung sounds	T033	C0425542
28268982	607	610	DLS	T033	C0425542
28268982	622	630	crackles	T033	C0034642
28268982	654	660	detect	T033	C0442726
28268982	665	677	characterize	T052	C1880022
28268982	686	707	pulmonary pathologies	T047	C0748168
28268982	736	747	independent	T078	C0085862
28268982	748	758	components	T078	C1552020
28268982	760	763	ICs	T078	C1552020
28268982	765	773	analysis	T062	C1710191
28268982	777	779	LS	T201	C0035234
28268982	788	797	automated	T169	C0205554
28268982	798	807	selection	T052	C1707391
28268982	811	814	ICs	T078	C1552020
28268982	815	830	associated with	T080	C0332281
28268982	831	834	DLS	T033	C0425542
28268982	836	839	ICs	T078	C1552020
28268982	855	862	fractal	T077	C0206163
28268982	863	872	dimension	T081	C0439534
28268982	874	881	entropy	T067	C0376522
28268982	886	894	sparsity	T169	C1704711
28268982	911	919	clusters	T062	C0009085
28268982	923	929	kmeans	T170	C0002045
28268982	937	945	clusters	T062	C0009085
28268982	957	960	ICs	T078	C1552020
28268982	964	967	DLS	T033	C0425542
28268982	1006	1014	estimate	T081	C0750572
28268982	1029	1032	DLS	T033	C0425542
28268982	1037	1040	ICs	T078	C1552020
28268982	1046	1050	time	T079	C0040223
28268982	1053	1060	variant	T080	C0205419
28268982	1061	1072	AR modeling	UnknownType	C0814919
28268982	1082	1092	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28268982	1100	1107	effects	T080	C1280500
28268982	1111	1122	pirfenidone	T109,T121	C0298067
28268982	1131	1134	DLS	T033	C0425542
28268982	1137	1140	ICs	T078	C1552020
28268982	1141	1161	spatial distribution	T082	C0037775
28268982	1165	1176	conjunction	T078	C2699427
28268982	1206	1209	DLS	T033	C0425542
28268982	1262	1266	real	T080	C0237400
28268982	1267	1272	cases	T169	C0868928
28268982	1276	1281	CPFES	T047	C3872815
28268982	1296	1302	months	T079	C0439231
28268982	1306	1315	treatment	T061	C0087111
28268982	1321	1330	acoustica	T070	C0001166
28268982	1333	1343	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28268982	1359	1370	pirfenidone	T109,T121	C0298067
28268982	1371	1380	treatment	T061	C0087111
28268982	1409	1414	CPFES	T047	C3872815
28268982	1415	1423	patients	T101	C0030705
28268982	1436	1446	evaluation	T058	C0220825

28269034|t|Neural correlates to automatic behavior estimations from RGB-D video in epilepsy unit
28269034|a|To augment neural monitoring, a minimally intrusive multi-modal capture system was designed and implemented in the epilepsy clinic. This system provides RGB-D audio-video synchronized with patient electrocorticography (ECoG), which records neural activity across cortex. We propose an automated approach to studying the human brain in a naturalistic setting. We demonstrate coarse functional mapping of ECoG electrodes correlated to contralateral arm movements. Motor electrode mapping was generated by analyzing continuous movement data recorded over several hours from epilepsy patients in hospital rooms. From these recordings we estimate the kinematics of patient hand movement behaviors using computer vision algorithms. We compare movement behaviors to neural data collected from ECoG, specifically high-γ (70-110 Hz) spectral features. We present a functional map of electrode responses to natural arm movements, generated using a statistical test. We demonstrate that our approach has the potential to aid in the development of automated functional brain mapping using continuous video and neural recordings of patients in clinical settings.
28269034	0	6	Neural	T025	C0027882
28269034	21	39	automatic behavior	T033	C0004377
28269034	57	68	RGB-D video	T170	C0150098
28269034	72	85	epilepsy unit	T073,T093	C1552757
28269034	97	114	neural monitoring	T061	C0513538
28269034	118	164	minimally intrusive multi-modal capture system	T060	C1513743
28269034	201	216	epilepsy clinic	T073,T093	C1552757
28269034	239	244	RGB-D	T170	C0150098
28269034	245	269	audio-video synchronized	T079	C0439580
28269034	275	282	patient	T101	C0030705
28269034	283	303	electrocorticography	T060	C0013805
28269034	305	309	ECoG	T060	C0013805
28269034	326	341	neural activity	T039	C0700630
28269034	342	355	across cortex	T023	C0007776
28269034	406	417	human brain	T023	C0006104
28269034	423	443	naturalistic setting	T062	C0935561
28269034	460	485	coarse functional mapping	T060	C1742736
28269034	489	493	ECoG	T060	C0013805
28269034	494	504	electrodes	T074	C0013812
28269034	519	532	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28269034	533	546	arm movements	T033	C0243095
28269034	548	571	Motor electrode mapping	T060	C1742736
28269034	589	623	analyzing continuous movement data	T078	C1511726
28269034	657	665	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28269034	666	674	patients	T101	C0030705
28269034	678	692	hospital rooms	T073,T093	C0019994
28269034	705	715	recordings	T058	C0557070
28269034	732	742	kinematics	T091	C0600169
28269034	746	753	patient	T101	C0030705
28269034	754	777	hand movement behaviors	T033	C0575809
28269034	784	810	computer vision algorithms	T170	C0002045
28269034	823	841	movement behaviors	T053	C0004927
28269034	845	856	neural data	T078	C1511726
28269034	872	876	ECoG	T060	C0013805
28269034	942	979	functional map of electrode responses	T060	C1742736
28269034	983	1004	natural arm movements	T033	C0243095
28269034	1024	1040	statistical test	T170	C0237913
28269034	1122	1156	automated functional brain mapping	T060	C1742736
28269034	1174	1201	video and neural recordings	T170	C0282574
28269034	1205	1213	patients	T101	C0030705
28269034	1217	1234	clinical settings	T082	C3176918

28269352|t|Fall risk factors analysis based on sample entropy of plantar kinematic signal during stance phase
28269352|a|Falls are a multi-causal phenomenon with a complex interaction. The aim of our research is to study the effect of multiple variables for potential risk of falls and construct an elderly fall risk assessment model based on demographics data and gait characteristics. A total of 101 subjects, whom belong to Malianwa Street, aged above 50 years old and participated in questionnaire survey. Participants were classified into three groups (high, medium and low risk group) according to the score of elderly fall risk assessment scale. In addition, the data of ground reaction force (GRF) and ground reaction moment (GRM) was record when they performed walking at comfortable state. The demographic variables, sample entropy of GRF and GRM, and impulse difference of bilateral foot were considered as potential explanatory variables of risk assessment model. Firstly, we investigated whether different groups could present difference in every variable. Statistical differences were found for the following variables: age (p=2.28e-05); impulse difference (p=0.02036); sample entropy of GRF in vertical direction (p=0.0144); sample entropy of GRM in anterior-posterior direction (p=0.0387). Finally, the multiple regression analysis results indicated that age, impulse difference and sample entropy of resultant GRM could identify individuals who had different levels of fall risk. Therefore, those results could potentially be useful in the fall risk assessment and monitor the state of physical function in elderly population.
28269352	0	4	Fall	T033	C0085639
28269352	5	17	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28269352	18	26	analysis	T062	C0936012
28269352	36	50	sample entropy	T067	C0376522
28269352	54	61	plantar	T029	C0230463
28269352	62	71	kinematic	T070	C1254365
28269352	72	78	signal	T067	C1710082
28269352	86	98	stance phase	T033	C2019827
28269352	99	104	Falls	T033	C0085639
28269352	111	134	multi-causal phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28269352	142	149	complex	T080	C0439855
28269352	150	161	interaction	T169	C1704675
28269352	178	186	research	T062	C0035168
28269352	193	198	study	T062	C2603343
28269352	203	209	effect	T080	C1280500
28269352	213	221	multiple	T081	C0439064
28269352	222	231	variables	T080	C0439828
28269352	236	245	potential	T080	C3245505
28269352	246	259	risk of falls	T033	C1268740
28269352	264	273	construct	T185	C2827421
28269352	277	311	elderly fall risk assessment model	T170	C3161035
28269352	321	333	demographics	T090	C0011298
28269352	334	338	data	T078	C1511726
28269352	343	363	gait characteristics	T033	C2045693
28269352	380	388	subjects	T098	C2349001
28269352	405	420	Malianwa Street	T073	C0442658
28269352	422	426	aged	T032	C0001779
28269352	436	445	years old	T079	C1510829
28269352	450	462	participated	T169	C0679823
28269352	466	479	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28269352	480	486	survey	T170	C0038951
28269352	488	500	Participants	T098	C0679646
28269352	528	534	groups	T078	C0441833
28269352	536	540	high	T098	C0684030
28269352	542	548	medium	T098	C2348561
28269352	553	561	low risk	T081	C3538919
28269352	562	567	group	T078	C0441833
28269352	586	591	score	T081	C0449820
28269352	595	629	elderly fall risk assessment scale	T170	C0349674
28269352	648	652	data	T078	C1511726
28269352	656	677	ground reaction force	T070	C0336996
28269352	679	682	GRF	T070	C0336996
28269352	688	710	ground reaction moment	T070	C1254365
28269352	712	715	GRM	T070	C1254365
28269352	721	727	record	T080	C2355580
28269352	738	747	performed	T169	C0884358
28269352	748	755	walking	T056	C0080331
28269352	759	776	comfortable state	T033	C1822395
28269352	782	793	demographic	T102	C0683970
28269352	794	803	variables	T080	C0439828
28269352	805	819	sample entropy	T067	C0376522
28269352	823	826	GRF	T070	C0336996
28269352	831	834	GRM	T070	C1254365
28269352	840	858	impulse difference	T081	C1705241
28269352	862	876	bilateral foot	T023	C4299794
28269352	896	905	potential	T080	C3245505
28269352	906	917	explanatory	T170	C0681841
28269352	918	927	variables	T080	C0439828
28269352	931	946	risk assessment	T058	C0086930
28269352	947	952	model	T170	C3161035
28269352	966	978	investigated	T169	C1292732
28269352	997	1003	groups	T078	C0441833
28269352	1018	1028	difference	T081	C1705241
28269352	1038	1046	variable	T080	C0439828
28269352	1048	1071	Statistical differences	T081	C1705241
28269352	1077	1082	found	T033	C0150312
28269352	1101	1110	variables	T080	C0439828
28269352	1112	1115	age	T032	C0001779
28269352	1130	1148	impulse difference	T081	C1705241
28269352	1162	1176	sample entropy	T067	C0376522
28269352	1180	1183	GRF	T070	C0336996
28269352	1187	1195	vertical	T082	C0205128
28269352	1196	1205	direction	T082	C0449738
28269352	1218	1232	sample entropy	T067	C0376522
28269352	1236	1239	GRM	T070	C1254365
28269352	1243	1261	anterior-posterior	T082	C1999039
28269352	1262	1271	direction	T082	C0449738
28269352	1297	1305	multiple	T081	C0439064
28269352	1306	1325	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28269352	1326	1333	results	T169	C1274040
28269352	1334	1343	indicated	T033	C1444656
28269352	1349	1352	age	T032	C0001779
28269352	1354	1372	impulse difference	T081	C1705241
28269352	1377	1391	sample entropy	T067	C0376522
28269352	1405	1408	GRM	T070	C1254365
28269352	1424	1435	individuals	T098	C0237401
28269352	1454	1473	levels of fall risk	T058	C1532976
28269352	1492	1499	results	T169	C1274040
28269352	1506	1517	potentially	T080	C3245505
28269352	1521	1527	useful	T080	C3827682
28269352	1535	1555	fall risk assessment	T058	C1532976
28269352	1560	1567	monitor	T058	C0150369
28269352	1572	1577	state	T169	C1442792
28269352	1581	1598	physical function	T033	C0516981
28269352	1602	1620	elderly population	T098	C0001792

28269382|t|Preliminary investigation of energy comparation between gyroscope, electromyography and VO2 wearable sensors
28269382|a|Building on previous experiments in the domain of energy expenditure estimation using wearable sensors, the measurements of energy ratios of a runner on a treadmill were analyzed to observe any commonalities between an inertia measurement unit and an electromyograph sensor. The subjects were equipped with a VO2 gas measurement device, an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) measuring gyroscopic activity and an electromyography (EMG) sensor network whilst running at 5 different speeds on a calibrated treadmill. The observed results established a co-linear relationship with the gyroscope based measurements, EMG based measurements with the VO2 measurements.
28269382	0	11	Preliminary	T079	C0439611
28269382	12	25	investigation	T169	C1292732
28269382	29	35	energy	T081	C1442080
28269382	36	47	comparation	T052	C1707455
28269382	56	65	gyroscope	T074	C0025080
28269382	67	83	electromyography	T060	C0013839
28269382	88	91	VO2	T201	C0030055
28269382	92	108	wearable sensors	T073	C0183210
28269382	130	141	experiments	T062	C0681814
28269382	159	177	energy expenditure	T039	C0014272
28269382	178	188	estimation	T081	C0750572
28269382	195	211	wearable sensors	T073	C0183210
28269382	217	229	measurements	T169	C0242485
28269382	233	239	energy	T081	C1442080
28269382	240	246	ratios	T081	C0456603
28269382	252	258	runner	T098	C0027361
28269382	264	273	treadmill	T073	C0184069
28269382	279	287	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28269382	303	316	commonalities	T080	C2348205
28269382	328	352	inertia measurement unit	T074	C0025080
28269382	360	375	electromyograph	T060	C0013839
28269382	376	382	sensor	T073	C0183210
28269382	388	396	subjects	T098	C0080105
28269382	418	425	VO2 gas	T201	C0030055
28269382	426	444	measurement device	T073	C2825498
28269382	449	474	Inertial Measurement Unit	T074	C0025080
28269382	476	479	IMU	T074	C0025080
28269382	491	510	gyroscopic activity	T059	C4049938
28269382	518	534	electromyography	T060	C0013839
28269382	536	539	EMG	T060	C0013839
28269382	541	547	sensor	T073	C0183210
28269382	548	555	network	T169	C1882071
28269382	563	570	running	T056	C0035953
28269382	586	592	speeds	T081	C0678536
28269382	609	618	treadmill	T073	C0184069
28269382	655	664	co-linear	T080	C2348205
28269382	665	677	relationship	T080	C0439849
28269382	687	696	gyroscope	T074	C0025080
28269382	703	715	measurements	T169	C0242485
28269382	717	720	EMG	T060	C0013839
28269382	727	739	measurements	T169	C0242485
28269382	749	765	VO2 measurements	T060	C1305742

28269453|t|Endurance based personalized fitness planner
28269453|a|Endurance is an important factor of cardiovascular fitness indicating the capacity of an individual to perform exercise for a longer duration with increased intensity. Various subject specific and exercise related parameters affect endurance of an individual. In this work, we propose a statistical technique to model endurance as a function of these factors incorporating the serial dependence of observations generated by individuals over time. The proposed model provides a device to predict future endurance of a test subject following particular exercise regime. This facilitates a test user with a fitness planner with the provision to fix exercise regimes to reach a set fitness goal.
28269453	0	9	Endurance	T033	C0518031
28269453	16	44	personalized fitness planner	T170	C0282574
28269453	45	54	Endurance	T033	C0518031
28269453	61	70	important	T080	C3898777
28269453	71	77	factor	T169	C1521761
28269453	81	103	cardiovascular fitness	T040	C2981722
28269453	119	127	capacity	T081	C1516240
28269453	134	144	individual	T098	C0237401
28269453	148	155	perform	T169	C0884358
28269453	156	164	exercise	T056	C0015259
28269453	171	186	longer duration	T079	C0449238
28269453	192	201	increased	T081	C0205217
28269453	202	211	intensity	T080	C0522510
28269453	221	237	subject specific	T080	C0205369
28269453	242	250	exercise	T056	C0015259
28269453	259	269	parameters	T077	C0549193
28269453	277	286	endurance	T033	C0518031
28269453	293	303	individual	T098	C0237401
28269453	332	353	statistical technique	T062	C1710191
28269453	357	362	model	T170	C3161035
28269453	363	372	endurance	T033	C0518031
28269453	396	403	factors	T169	C1521761
28269453	443	455	observations	T062	C0302523
28269453	469	480	individuals	T098	C0237401
28269453	481	490	over time	T079	C0040223
28269453	496	504	proposed	T080	C1553874
28269453	505	510	model	T170	C3161035
28269453	522	528	device	T074	C0025080
28269453	547	556	endurance	T033	C0518031
28269453	567	574	subject	T096	C0681850
28269453	596	611	exercise regime	T061	C0454291
28269453	632	641	test user	T078	C1548600
28269453	649	664	fitness planner	T170	C0282574
28269453	691	707	exercise regimes	T061	C0454291
28269453	723	730	fitness	T056	C1456706
28269453	731	735	goal	T170	C0018017

28269523|t|Hybrid automata models of cardiac ventricular electrophysiology for real-time computational applications
28269523|a|Virtual heart models have been proposed for closed loop validation of safety - critical embedded medical devices, such as pacemakers. These models must react in real-time to off-the-shelf medical devices. Real-time performance can be obtained by implementing models in computer hardware, and methods of compiling classes of Hybrid Automata (HA) onto FPGA have been developed. Models of ventricular cardiac cell electrophysiology have been described using HA which capture the complex nonlinear behavior of biological systems. However, many models that have been used for closed-loop validation of pacemakers are highly abstract and do not capture important characteristics of the dynamic rate response. We developed a new HA model of cardiac cells which captures dynamic behavior and we implemented the model in hardware. This potentially enables modeling the heart with over 1 million dynamic cells, making the approach ideal for closed loop testing of medical devices.
28269523	0	22	Hybrid automata models	T075	C0026339
28269523	26	45	cardiac ventricular	T023	C0018827
28269523	46	63	electrophysiology	T060	C0430467
28269523	68	77	real-time	T079	C1550177
28269523	78	104	computational applications	T169	C0205245
28269523	113	125	heart models	T075	C0026339
28269523	149	160	closed loop	T169	C0443183
28269523	161	171	validation	T062	C1519941
28269523	175	181	safety	T068	C0036043
28269523	184	192	critical	T080	C1511545
28269523	202	217	medical devices	T074	C0025080
28269523	227	237	pacemakers	T074	C0810633
28269523	245	251	models	T075	C0026339
28269523	266	275	real-time	T079	C1550177
28269523	293	308	medical devices	T074	C0025080
28269523	310	319	Real-time	T079	C1550177
28269523	320	331	performance	T052	C1882330
28269523	339	347	obtained	T169	C1301820
28269523	364	370	models	T075	C0026339
28269523	374	391	computer hardware	T073	C0009602
28269523	397	404	methods	T169	C0025664
28269523	429	444	Hybrid Automata	T075	C0026339
28269523	446	448	HA	T075	C0026339
28269523	455	459	FPGA	T074	C0025080
28269523	481	487	Models	T075	C0026339
28269523	491	515	ventricular cardiac cell	T025	C2339371
28269523	516	533	electrophysiology	T060	C0430467
28269523	544	553	described	T078	C1552738
28269523	560	562	HA	T075	C0026339
28269523	569	576	capture	T067	C1254366
28269523	599	607	behavior	T080	C1521970
28269523	611	629	biological systems	T169	C0449913
28269523	645	651	models	T075	C0026339
28269523	676	687	closed-loop	T169	C0443183
28269523	688	698	validation	T062	C1519941
28269523	702	712	pacemakers	T074	C0810633
28269523	724	732	abstract	T078	C1552863
28269523	744	751	capture	T067	C1254366
28269523	752	761	important	T080	C3898777
28269523	762	777	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28269523	785	792	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28269523	793	806	rate response	T079	C0237629
28269523	827	835	HA model	T075	C0026339
28269523	839	852	cardiac cells	T025	C0225828
28269523	859	867	captures	T067	C1254366
28269523	868	875	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28269523	876	884	behavior	T080	C1521970
28269523	908	913	model	T075	C0026339
28269523	917	925	hardware	T073	C0009602
28269523	932	943	potentially	T080	C3245505
28269523	952	960	modeling	T062	C0870071
28269523	965	970	heart	T023	C0018787
28269523	983	990	million	T081	C1881839
28269523	991	998	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28269523	999	1004	cells	T025	C0007634
28269523	1026	1031	ideal	T080	C1512612
28269523	1036	1047	closed loop	T169	C0443183
28269523	1048	1055	testing	T169	C0039593
28269523	1059	1074	medical devices	T074	C0025080

28269712|t|Heart rate variability as a biomarker for sedation depth estimation in ICU patients
28269712|a|An automated patient-specific system to classify the level of sedation in ICU patients using heart rate variability signal is presented in this paper. ECG from 70 mechanically ventilated adult patients with administered sedatives in an ICU setting were used to develop a support vector machine based system for sedation depth monitoring using several heart rate variability measures. A leave-one-subject-out cross validation was used for classifier training and performance evaluations. The proposed patient-specific system provided a sensitivity, specificity and an AUC of 64%, 84.8% and 0.72, respectively. It is hoped that with the help of additional physiological signals the proposed patient - specific sedation level prediction system could lead to a fully automated multimodal system to assist clinical staff in ICUs to interpret the sedation level of the patient.
28269712	0	10	Heart rate	T201	C0018810
28269712	11	22	variability	T077	C2827666
28269712	28	37	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28269712	42	56	sedation depth	T033	C0235195
28269712	57	67	estimation	T081	C0750572
28269712	71	74	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28269712	75	83	patients	T101	C0030705
28269712	87	120	automated patient-specific system	T170	C0596139
28269712	137	154	level of sedation	T033	C2226609
28269712	158	161	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28269712	162	170	patients	T101	C0030705
28269712	177	187	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28269712	188	199	variability	T077	C2827666
28269712	200	206	signal	T067	C1710082
28269712	210	219	presented	T078	C0449450
28269712	228	233	paper	T170	C0282420
28269712	235	238	ECG	T033	C0013798
28269712	247	270	mechanically ventilated	T061	C0199470
28269712	271	276	adult	T100	C0001675
28269712	277	285	patients	T101	C0030705
28269712	291	303	administered	T169	C1521801
28269712	304	313	sedatives	T121	C0036557
28269712	320	331	ICU setting	T073,T093	C0021708
28269712	355	377	support vector machine	T081	C2699740
28269712	395	409	sedation depth	T033	C0235195
28269712	410	420	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28269712	435	445	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28269712	446	457	variability	T077	C2827666
28269712	458	466	measures	T081	C0079809
28269712	470	508	leave-one-subject-out cross validation	T062	C0681935
28269712	522	532	classifier	T169	C4291659
28269712	533	541	training	T065	C0040607
28269712	546	557	performance	T052	C1882330
28269712	558	569	evaluations	T058	C0220825
28269712	584	607	patient-specific system	T170	C0596139
28269712	608	616	provided	T052	C1999230
28269712	619	630	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28269712	632	643	specificity	T081	C0037791
28269712	651	654	AUC	T081	C0376690
28269712	738	751	physiological	T169	C0205463
28269712	752	759	signals	T067	C1710082
28269712	773	780	patient	T101	C0030705
28269712	783	791	specific	T080	C0205369
28269712	792	806	sedation level	T033	C2226609
28269712	807	817	prediction	T078	C0681842
28269712	818	824	system	T169	C0449913
28269712	847	874	automated multimodal system	T170	C0596139
28269712	885	893	clinical	T080	C0205210
28269712	894	899	staff	T097	C0851286
28269712	903	907	ICUs	T073,T093	C0021708
28269712	911	920	interpret	T169	C1285553
28269712	925	939	sedation level	T033	C2226609
28269712	947	954	patient	T101	C0030705

28269731|t|Comparison of pulse wave velocity derived from accelerometer and reflective photo-plethysmography signals placed at the carotid and femoral artery
28269731|a|Carotid - femoral pulse wave velocity is an established measure to assess cardiovascular risk and an interesting surrogate parameter towards non-invasive continuous blood pressure inference. Due to progress in sensing technologies for wearable wrist worn sensors, there are low cost sensor combinations of photo-plethysmography and high fidelity accelerometer s available offering access to pulse information from larger arteries complemented by blood volume changes in the superficial tissue. In this work we compare pulse wave velocities derived from accelerometer and reflective photo-plethysmography signals placed at the carotid and femoral artery. We discuss the different underlying physiological processes for the two sensing principles and present experimental results obtained in a study with healthy subjects.
28269731	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28269731	14	33	pulse wave velocity	T081	C3494431
28269731	47	60	accelerometer	T074	C0178951
28269731	65	105	reflective photo-plethysmography signals	T060	C0203341
28269731	120	127	carotid	T023	C0007272
28269731	132	146	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
28269731	147	154	Carotid	T023	C0007272
28269731	157	164	femoral	T023	C0015801
28269731	165	184	pulse wave velocity	T081	C3494431
28269731	191	210	established measure	T081	C0079809
28269731	214	220	assess	T058	C0184514
28269731	221	240	cardiovascular risk	T033	C1113685
28269731	260	279	surrogate parameter	T077	C0549193
28269731	288	336	non-invasive continuous blood pressure inference	T201	C4301970
28269731	345	353	progress	T169	C1280477
28269731	382	409	wearable wrist worn sensors	T073	C0183210
28269731	453	474	photo-plethysmography	T060	C0162599
28269731	479	508	high fidelity accelerometer s	T074	C0178951
28269731	538	555	pulse information	T058	C0034107
28269731	561	576	larger arteries	T023	C0003842
28269731	593	605	blood volume	T201	C0005850
28269731	621	639	superficial tissue	T024	C0040300
28269731	665	686	pulse wave velocities	T081	C3494431
28269731	700	713	accelerometer	T074	C0178951
28269731	718	758	reflective photo-plethysmography signals	T060	C0203341
28269731	773	780	carotid	T023	C0007272
28269731	785	799	femoral artery	T023	C0015801
28269731	837	860	physiological processes	T039	C0031845
28269731	873	891	sensing principles	T078	C1254370
28269731	904	924	experimental results	T033	C2825142
28269731	939	944	study	T062	C2603343
28269731	950	966	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335

28269955|t|Medication Harmony: A Framework to Save Time, Improve Accuracy and Increase Patient Activation
28269955|a|Incompletely reconciled medication lists contribute to prescribing errors and adverse drug events. Providers expend time and effort at every point of patient contact attempting to curate a best possible medication list, and yet often the list is incomplete or inaccurate. We propose a framework that builds upon the existing infrastructure of a health information exchange (HIE), centralizes data and encourages patient activation. The solution is a constantly accessible, singular, patient - adjudicated medication list that incorporates useful information and features into the list itself. We aim to decrease medication errors across transitions of care, increase awareness of potential drug-drug interactions, improve patient knowledge and self-efficacy regarding medications, decrease polypharmacy, improve prescribing safety and ultimately decrease cost to the health-care system.
28269955	0	18	Medication Harmony	T170	C0282574
28269955	40	44	Time	T079	C0040223
28269955	46	53	Improve	T033	C0184511
28269955	54	62	Accuracy	T080	C0443131
28269955	67	75	Increase	T169	C0442805
28269955	76	94	Patient Activation	T058	C3853034
28269955	119	135	medication lists	T170	C0746470
28269955	162	168	errors	T080	C0743559
28269955	173	192	adverse drug events	T046	C0041755
28269955	211	215	time	T079	C0040223
28269955	220	226	effort	T040	C0015264
28269955	245	252	patient	T101	C0030705
28269955	275	281	curate	T052	C1707535
28269955	298	313	medication list	T170	C0746470
28269955	333	337	list	T170	C0746470
28269955	341	351	incomplete	T080	C0205257
28269955	355	365	inaccurate	T080	C0443236
28269955	420	434	infrastructure	T185	C1998546
28269955	440	467	health information exchange	T058	C0178895
28269955	469	472	HIE	T058	C0178895
28269955	487	491	data	T078	C1511726
28269955	507	525	patient activation	T058	C3853034
28269955	531	539	solution	T077	C2699488
28269955	545	566	constantly accessible	T080	C0205556
28269955	568	576	singular	T081	C0205171
28269955	578	585	patient	T101	C0030705
28269955	588	599	adjudicated	T033	C0332128
28269955	600	615	medication list	T170	C0746470
28269955	641	652	information	T078	C1533716
28269955	675	679	list	T170	C0746470
28269955	698	706	decrease	T081	C0547047
28269955	707	724	medication errors	T080	C0025115
28269955	747	751	care	T052	C1947933
28269955	753	761	increase	T169	C0442805
28269955	762	771	awareness	T041	C0004448
28269955	785	807	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
28269955	817	824	patient	T101	C0030705
28269955	825	834	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28269955	839	852	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28269955	863	874	medications	T121	C0013227
28269955	876	884	decrease	T081	C0547047
28269955	885	897	polypharmacy	T033	C2922974
28269955	919	925	safety	T068	C0036043
28269955	941	949	decrease	T081	C0547047
28269955	950	954	cost	T081	C0010186
28269955	962	980	health-care system	T093	C0018696

28270084|t|Synthesis, EGFR inhibition and anti-cancer activity of new 3,6-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-(substituted-methoxy)pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives
28270084|a|A new series of hybrid pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold with a heteroaryl moiety as pyrazole, oxadiazole, triazole or phthalimide moiety (14a-f, 16, 17, 19, 20) was synthesized and biologically evaluated for the cytotoxicity against human liver cancer cell line (HEPG-2), human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human colon cancer cell line (HCT-116). While the pyrazolo hybrid compounds (14a-f) showed good activity against HEPG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines (IC50 = 3.65 - 39.98, 1.45 - 54.19 and 2.00 - 50.6 µM respectively) in comparison with doxorubicin (IC50 = 5.66, 2.60 and 8.48 µM respectively), the triazolo derivatives (17, 19) showed considerable potency (IC50 = 22.20 - 54.61, 14.98 - 88.78, and 10.79 - 53.40 µM respectively), the oxadiazolo hybrid compound (16, IC50 = 149.91, 115.89 and 110.07 µM respectively) and phthalimido hybrid compound (20, IC50 = 96.02, 131.19 and 120.36 µM respectively) showed low potency. The pyrazolo derivative (14d, IC50 = 3.65, 1.45 and 2.00 µM) was the most potent among all compounds against HEPG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines respectively. Also, the hybrid pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives were evaluated for their inhibitory activity to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) and they showed a good inhibitory activity (IC50 = 8.27 - 19.03 µM). With the exception of the pyrazolo derivative (14c, IC50 = 18.82 µM), the inhibitory activity against EGFR-TK was consistent with the in vitro cytotoxic activity against HEPG-2, MCF-7 and HCT-116 cell lines. Moreover, molecular docking studies were performed and the results were in agreement with that obtained from the in vitro inhibition assays.
28270084	0	9	Synthesis	T070	C0007987
28270084	11	26	EGFR inhibition	T039	C1524081
28270084	31	51	anti-cancer activity	T033	C0243095
28270084	59	142	3,6-dimethyl-1-phenyl-4-(substituted-methoxy)pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine derivatives	T121	C1254351
28270084	166	191	pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine	T109	C0606043
28270084	208	225	heteroaryl moiety	T077	C3641152
28270084	229	237	pyrazole	T077	C3641152
28270084	239	249	oxadiazole	T077	C3641152
28270084	251	259	triazole	T077	C3641152
28270084	263	281	phthalimide moiety	T077	C3641152
28270084	310	321	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28270084	326	338	biologically	T080	C0205460
28270084	339	348	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28270084	357	369	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28270084	378	406	human liver cancer cell line	T025	C2717940
28270084	408	414	HEPG-2	T025	C2717940
28270084	417	446	human breast cancer cell line	T025	C0596890
28270084	448	453	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28270084	459	487	human colon cancer cell line	T025	C1258005
28270084	489	496	HCT-116	T025	C1258005
28270084	509	534	pyrazolo hybrid compounds	T121	C1254351
28270084	555	563	activity	T169	C0599112
28270084	572	578	HEPG-2	T025	C2717940
28270084	580	585	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28270084	590	608	HCT-116 cell lines	T025	C1258005
28270084	610	614	IC50	T081	C0600495
28270084	696	707	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28270084	709	713	IC50	T081	C0600495
28270084	758	778	triazolo derivatives	T121	C1254351
28270084	808	815	potency	T038	C0678792
28270084	817	821	IC50	T081	C0600495
28270084	894	920	oxadiazolo hybrid compound	T121	C1254351
28270084	926	930	IC50	T081	C0600495
28270084	980	1007	phthalimido hybrid compound	T121	C1254351
28270084	1013	1017	IC50	T081	C0600495
28270084	1073	1080	potency	T038	C0678792
28270084	1086	1105	pyrazolo derivative	T121	C1254351
28270084	1112	1116	IC50	T081	C0600495
28270084	1156	1162	potent	T038	C0678792
28270084	1191	1197	HEPG-2	T025	C2717940
28270084	1199	1204	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28270084	1209	1227	HCT-116 cell lines	T025	C1258005
28270084	1252	1296	hybrid pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives	T121	C1254351
28270084	1302	1311	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28270084	1322	1341	inhibitory activity	T043	C1519725
28270084	1345	1393	epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28270084	1395	1402	EGFR-TK	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28270084	1427	1446	inhibitory activity	T043	C1519725
28270084	1448	1452	IC50	T081	C0600495
28270084	1499	1518	pyrazolo derivative	T121	C1254351
28270084	1525	1529	IC50	T081	C0600495
28270084	1547	1566	inhibitory activity	T043	C1519725
28270084	1575	1582	EGFR-TK	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28270084	1607	1615	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28270084	1616	1625	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
28270084	1626	1634	activity	T169	C0599112
28270084	1643	1649	HEPG-2	T025	C2717940
28270084	1651	1656	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28270084	1661	1679	HCT-116 cell lines	T025	C1258005
28270084	1691	1716	molecular docking studies	T063	C3494273
28270084	1740	1747	results	T169	C1274040
28270084	1794	1802	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28270084	1803	1820	inhibition assays	T059	C0201783

28270089|t|Tissue elasticity bridges cancer stem cells to the tumor microenvironment through microRNAs: Implications for a " watch-and-wait" approach to cancer
28270089|a|Targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) through which cancer stem cells (CSCs) crosstalk for cancer initiation and progression, may open up new treatments different from those centered on the original hallmarks of cancer genetics thereby implying a new approach for suppression of TME - driven activation of CSCs. Cancer is dynamic, heterogeneous, evolving with the TME and can be influenced by tissue-specific elasticity. One of the mediators and modulators of the crosstalk between CSCs and mechanical forces is miRNA, which can be developmentally regulated, tissue- and cell-specific. Here, based on our previous data, we provide a framework through which such gene expression changes in response to external mechanical forces can be understood during cancer progression. Recognizing the ways mechanical forces regulate and affect intracellular signals has applications in cancer stem cell biology. Such TME - targeted pathways shed new light on attacking cancer stem cells with fewer side effects than traditional gene-based treatments for cancer, requiring a “ watch-and-wait” approach. We attempt to address both normal brain microenvironment and tumor microenvironment as both works together, intertwining in pathology and physiology – a balance that needs to be maintaining for the " watch-and-wait" approach to cancer. Thus, this review connected the subjects of tissue elasticity, tumor microenvironment, epigenetic of miRNAs, and stem - cell biology that are very relevant in cancer research and therapy. It attempts to unify apparently separate entities in a complex biological web, network, and system in a realistic and practical manner, i.e., to bridge basic research with clinical application.
28270089	0	17	Tissue elasticity	T033	C1562328
28270089	26	43	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
28270089	51	73	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
28270089	82	91	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28270089	114	138	watch-and-wait" approach	T170	C0282574
28270089	142	148	cancer	T191	C0006826
28270089	149	158	Targeting	T169	C1521840
28270089	163	185	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
28270089	187	190	TME	T070	C2936626
28270089	206	223	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
28270089	225	229	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28270089	231	240	crosstalk	T043	C1154413
28270089	245	251	cancer	T191	C0006826
28270089	252	262	initiation	T169	C1704686
28270089	267	278	progression	T046	C1947901
28270089	296	306	treatments	T061	C0087111
28270089	353	362	hallmarks	T170	C0282574
28270089	366	381	cancer genetics	T091	C0694768
28270089	418	429	suppression	T045	C0038855
28270089	433	436	TME	T070	C2936626
28270089	439	456	driven activation	T052	C1879547
28270089	460	464	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28270089	466	472	Cancer	T191	C0006826
28270089	476	483	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28270089	485	498	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28270089	518	521	TME	T070	C2936626
28270089	547	573	tissue-specific elasticity	T033	C1562328
28270089	586	610	mediators and modulators	T123	C0574031
28270089	618	627	crosstalk	T043	C1154413
28270089	636	640	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28270089	645	662	mechanical forces	T067	C0563538
28270089	666	671	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28270089	702	711	regulated	T038	C1327622
28270089	713	720	tissue-	T024	C1955394
28270089	725	738	cell-specific	T025	C0007634
28270089	816	831	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28270089	843	863	response to external	T038	C1154577
28270089	864	881	mechanical forces	T067	C0563538
28270089	907	913	cancer	T191	C0006826
28270089	914	925	progression	T046	C1947901
28270089	948	965	mechanical forces	T067	C0563538
28270089	966	974	regulate	T038	C1327622
28270089	986	1007	intracellular signals	T043	C1154413
28270089	1028	1039	cancer stem	T025	C1956422
28270089	1040	1052	cell biology	T091	C0010819
28270089	1059	1062	TME	T070	C2936626
28270089	1065	1073	targeted	T169	C1521840
28270089	1074	1082	pathways	T077	C1705987
28270089	1111	1128	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
28270089	1140	1152	side effects	T169	C0001688
28270089	1158	1169	traditional	T169	C0443324
28270089	1170	1180	gene-based	T028	C0017337
28270089	1181	1191	treatments	T061	C0087111
28270089	1196	1202	cancer	T191	C0006826
28270089	1218	1242	watch-and-wait” approach	T170	C0282574
28270089	1278	1283	brain	T023	C0006104
28270089	1284	1300	microenvironment	T070	C3179020
28270089	1305	1327	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
28270089	1368	1377	pathology	T091	C0030664
28270089	1382	1392	physiology	T091	C0031842
28270089	1444	1468	watch-and-wait" approach	T170	C0282574
28270089	1472	1478	cancer	T191	C0006826
28270089	1524	1541	tissue elasticity	T033	C1562328
28270089	1543	1565	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
28270089	1567	1577	epigenetic	T045	C1516924
28270089	1581	1587	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28270089	1593	1597	stem	T025	C1956422
28270089	1600	1612	cell biology	T091	C0010819
28270089	1639	1654	cancer research	T062	C1516225
28270089	1659	1666	therapy	T061	C0920425
28270089	1723	1741	complex biological	T170	C4246449
28270089	1742	1745	web	T073	C0282111
28270089	1747	1754	network	T169	C1882071
28270089	1760	1766	system	T169	C0449913
28270089	1786	1802	practical manner	T091	C0335403
28270089	1813	1834	bridge basic research	T062	C0681833
28270089	1840	1860	clinical application	T058	C0086388

28270097|t|Factors influencing the level of patients using the internet to gather information before anaesthesia: a single-centre survey of 815 patients in Switzerland: The internet for patient information before anaesthesia
28270097|a|Aim of this study was to identify factors associated with patients using the internet to find information about their upcoming surgery in general, and more specifically about anaesthesia. With Ethics committee approval, 1000 consecutive patients seen before elective surgery in the anaesthesia preoperative clinic of a Swiss Level 2 hospital were asked to complete a questionnaire. Primary outcome were patients using the internet to gather any medical information related to their upcoming hospital stay, secondary outcome patients using the internet to gather information regarding the upcoming anaesthesia. Multiple regression was performed to identify independent factors associated with internet use. Eighty-two percent of the patients (n = 815) participated. 97% of those were ASA physical status 1 or 2; 83% (n = 676) had experience with previous anaesthetics, 86% (n = 700) reported to use the internet in general. Overall, about one-third of the participants used the internet to learn more about their medical condition, 26% regarding their upcoming surgical procedure. Only 7% (n = 55) obtained information about the anaesthetic. In multivariate analyses, factors associated with internet use were generally doing so, and planned moderate compared to minor surgery; not using the internet was associated with previous anaesthetic experience. Of those who did not use the Internet to learn about their anaesthetic, 34% indicated that they would have visited a trusted website. Only few patients used the internet to obtain information about their upcoming procedure and the anaesthetic part played an even smaller role. However, many patients would have appreciated guidance to find trustworthy internet sites. German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00005434; date of registration: 27(th) December 2013); date of enrolment of first patient: 1st August 2013; study retrospectively registered.
28270097	0	7	Factors	T169	C1521761
28270097	8	19	influencing	T077	C4054723
28270097	24	29	level	T080	C0441889
28270097	33	41	patients	T101	C0030705
28270097	52	60	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	71	82	information	T078	C1533716
28270097	90	101	anaesthesia	T061	C0002903
28270097	105	125	single-centre survey	T170	C0038951
28270097	133	141	patients	T101	C0030705
28270097	145	156	Switzerland	T083	C0039021
28270097	162	170	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	175	194	patient information	T170	C1955348
28270097	202	213	anaesthesia	T061	C0002903
28270097	248	255	factors	T169	C1521761
28270097	256	271	associated with	T080	C0332281
28270097	272	280	patients	T101	C0030705
28270097	291	299	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	303	307	find	T033	C0243095
28270097	308	319	information	T078	C1533716
28270097	332	340	upcoming	T079	C1254367
28270097	341	348	surgery	T061	C0543467
28270097	352	359	general	T082	C0205246
28270097	370	382	specifically	T080	C0205369
28270097	389	400	anaesthesia	T061	C0002903
28270097	407	423	Ethics committee	T097	C0085546
28270097	424	432	approval	T080	C0205540
28270097	439	450	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28270097	451	459	patients	T101	C0030705
28270097	472	488	elective surgery	T061	C0206058
28270097	496	507	anaesthesia	T061	C0002903
28270097	508	527	preoperative clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28270097	533	555	Swiss Level 2 hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28270097	570	578	complete	T080	C0205197
28270097	581	594	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28270097	604	611	outcome	T169	C1274040
28270097	617	625	patients	T101	C0030705
28270097	636	644	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	659	666	medical	T169	C0205476
28270097	667	678	information	T078	C1533716
28270097	679	686	related	T080	C0439849
28270097	696	704	upcoming	T079	C1254367
28270097	705	718	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28270097	730	737	outcome	T169	C1274040
28270097	738	746	patients	T101	C0030705
28270097	757	765	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	776	787	information	T078	C1533716
28270097	802	810	upcoming	T079	C1254367
28270097	811	822	anaesthesia	T061	C0002903
28270097	824	843	Multiple regression	T080	C0681923
28270097	848	857	performed	T169	C0884358
28270097	861	869	identify	T080	C0205396
28270097	870	889	independent factors	T169	C1521761
28270097	890	905	associated with	T080	C0332281
28270097	906	914	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	915	918	use	T169	C0457083
28270097	920	930	Eighty-two	T081	C0392762
28270097	931	938	percent	T081	C0439165
28270097	946	954	patients	T101	C0030705
28270097	965	977	participated	T169	C0679823
28270097	997	1018	ASA physical status 1	T033	C1531504
28270097	1022	1023	2	T033	C1531505
28270097	1043	1053	experience	T041	C0596545
28270097	1059	1067	previous	T079	C0205156
28270097	1068	1080	anaesthetics	T121	C0002932
28270097	1108	1111	use	T169	C0457083
28270097	1116	1124	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	1128	1135	general	T082	C0205246
28270097	1152	1161	one-third	T081	C0392762
28270097	1169	1181	participants	T098	C0679646
28270097	1182	1186	used	T033	C1273517
28270097	1191	1199	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	1226	1243	medical condition	T033	C3843040
28270097	1265	1273	upcoming	T079	C1254367
28270097	1274	1292	surgical procedure	T061	C0543467
28270097	1311	1319	obtained	T169	C1301820
28270097	1320	1331	information	T078	C1533716
28270097	1342	1353	anaesthetic	T121	C0002932
28270097	1358	1379	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
28270097	1381	1388	factors	T169	C1521761
28270097	1389	1404	associated with	T080	C0332281
28270097	1405	1413	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	1414	1417	use	T169	C0457083
28270097	1447	1454	planned	T169	C1301732
28270097	1455	1463	moderate	T080	C1881878
28270097	1464	1472	compared	T052	C1707455
28270097	1476	1481	minor	T080	C0205165
28270097	1482	1489	surgery	T061	C0543467
28270097	1491	1500	not using	T169	C0445107
28270097	1505	1513	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	1518	1533	associated with	T080	C0332281
28270097	1543	1554	anaesthetic	T121	C0002932
28270097	1555	1565	experience	T041	C0596545
28270097	1596	1604	Internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	1626	1637	anaesthetic	T121	C0002932
28270097	1643	1652	indicated	T033	C1444656
28270097	1692	1699	website	T170	C2349146
28270097	1710	1718	patients	T101	C0030705
28270097	1719	1723	used	T033	C1273517
28270097	1728	1736	internet	T073	C0282111
28270097	1740	1746	obtain	T169	C1301820
28270097	1747	1758	information	T078	C1533716
28270097	1771	1779	upcoming	T079	C1254367
28270097	1780	1789	procedure	T169	C2700391
28270097	1798	1809	anaesthetic	T121	C0002932
28270097	1858	1866	patients	T101	C0030705
28270097	1890	1898	guidance	T058	C0150600
28270097	1902	1906	find	T033	C0243095
28270097	1907	1918	trustworthy	T080	C0205556
28270097	1919	1933	internet sites	T170	C2349146
28270097	1935	1957	German Clinical Trials	T062	C0008976
28270097	1958	1966	Register	T170	C0034975
28270097	1982	2002	date of registration	T079	C2985881
28270097	2011	2019	December	T080	C3830550
28270097	2027	2031	date	T079	C0011008
28270097	2035	2044	enrolment	T062	C4041024
28270097	2054	2061	patient	T101	C0030705
28270097	2067	2073	August	T080	C3831448
28270097	2080	2101	study retrospectively	T062	C0035363

28270172|t|Neoadjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy followed by radical resection in patients with locally advanced colon cancer
28270172|a|Patients with locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) have a relatively poor prognosis despite radical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. This study investigated the treatment efficacy and toxicity of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with LACC. We retrospectively reviewed 36 patients with LACC preoperatively treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Patients were administered chemoradiotherapy, which comprised radiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy involving a 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin regimen every 2 weeks. Median age was 64 years (45-86 years) and median follow-up period was 23.5 months (5.0-49.1 months). Seven (19.4%) patients developed grade 3 or 4 adverse events during neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Pathologic responses were not evaluated in two patients who did not undergo radical resection. Of the 34 patients who underwent surgery, nine (26.4%) achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR). The 2- year estimated overall survival and disease-free survival rates were 88.7% and 73.6%, respectively. Our results demonstrated that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is feasible and safe. A prominent pCR rate with an acceptable toxicity profile suggests that the multimodality therapy might be a treatment option for patients with LACC.
28270172	0	31	Neoadjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy	T061	C0392943
28270172	46	58	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28270172	71	88	radical resection	T061	C0728940
28270172	92	100	patients	T101	C0030705
28270172	106	135	locally advanced colon cancer	T191	C0007102
28270172	136	144	Patients	T101	C0030705
28270172	150	179	locally advanced colon cancer	T191	C0007102
28270172	181	185	LACC	T191	C0007102
28270172	210	219	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28270172	228	245	radical resection	T061	C0728940
28270172	250	271	adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
28270172	278	283	study	T062	C2603343
28270172	301	319	treatment efficacy	T080	C0087113
28270172	324	332	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28270172	336	365	neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28270172	369	377	patients	T101	C0030705
28270172	383	387	LACC	T191	C0007102
28270172	420	428	patients	T101	C0030705
28270172	434	438	LACC	T191	C0007102
28270172	454	466	treated with	T061	C0332293
28270172	467	479	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28270172	484	496	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28270172	498	506	Patients	T101	C0030705
28270172	525	542	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28270172	560	572	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28270172	577	601	neoadjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28270172	614	628	5-fluorouracil	T114,T121	C0016360
28270172	630	640	leucovorin	T109,T121,T127	C0023413
28270172	646	657	oxaliplatin	T109,T121	C0069717
28270172	658	665	regimen	T061	C0040808
28270172	674	679	weeks	T079	C0439230
28270172	681	691	Median age	T100	C0205847
28270172	699	704	years	T079	C0439234
28270172	712	717	years	T079	C0439234
28270172	756	762	months	T079	C0439231
28270172	773	779	months	T079	C0439231
28270172	796	804	patients	T101	C0030705
28270172	828	842	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28270172	850	861	neoadjuvant	T061	C0600558
28270172	873	890	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28270172	892	912	Pathologic responses	T033	C4054230
28270172	939	947	patients	T101	C0030705
28270172	968	985	radical resection	T061	C0728940
28270172	997	1005	patients	T101	C0030705
28270172	1020	1027	surgery	T061	C0543467
28270172	1053	1081	pathologic complete response	T033	C4050242
28270172	1083	1086	pCR	T033	C4050242
28270172	1096	1100	year	T079	C0439234
28270172	1119	1127	survival	T081	C0038954
28270172	1132	1153	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
28270172	1154	1159	rates	T081	C0038954
28270172	1226	1255	neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28270172	1290	1293	pCR	T033	C4050242
28270172	1318	1326	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28270172	1353	1374	multimodality therapy	T061	C0920596
28270172	1386	1395	treatment	T061	C0087111
28270172	1407	1415	patients	T101	C0030705
28270172	1421	1425	LACC	T191	C0007102

28270271|t|Pharmacist Counseling and the Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs by Older Adults
28270271|a|To determine the impact a medication review has on the detection and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by older adults compared with non-NSAID users in regard to interacting drug classes, interacting comorbidities, and prior counseling by providers. Prospective, quasi-experiment without control. Ambulatory. Patients 60 years of age and older who contacted the pharmacy outreach program. In total, 83 patients consented. Twenty-eight patients were eligible for three-month follow-up. Pharmacists and pharmacy students provided NSAID counseling. Patient-reported changes of NSAID use, change from inappropriate to appropriate use, impression of risk awareness, and further discussion with health care providers. NSAID use was reported by 39 (47.6%) of 83 patients. Inappropriate use was detected in 28 (71.8%) of NSAID users; of these, 18 (64.3%) were reached for post-counseling follow-up. The number of appropriate users increased to 20 (51.3%), with a concomitant reduction of inappropriate users to 19 (48.7%). Nine (50%) reported change in the use of NSAIDs, 13 (72.2%) had a better understanding of the risks associated with NSAID use, and 10 (55.6%) had a more meaningful conversation with providers. Older adults who use NSAIDs may be unaware of potential risks. Counseling older adults may reduce potentially inappropriate use and increase patient risk awareness. Pharmacists can improve their role in recognizing and counseling patients on NSAIDs.
28270271	0	21	Pharmacist Counseling	T058	C3649274
28270271	30	73	Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs	T121	C0003211
28270271	77	89	Older Adults	T098	C0001792
28270271	90	133	To determine the impact a medication review	T058	C0509971
28270271	145	154	detection	T061	C1511790
28270271	166	202	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	T121	C0003211
28270271	204	210	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
28270271	215	227	older adults	T098	C0001792
28270271	271	295	interacting drug classes	T033	C4036061
28270271	297	322	interacting comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28270271	328	344	prior counseling	T058	C0010210
28270271	348	357	providers	T097	C0031831
28270271	406	416	Ambulatory	T169	C0439841
28270271	418	435	Patients 60 years	T101	C0030705
28270271	471	496	pharmacy outreach program	T095	C0871024
28270271	511	529	patients consented	T033	C1302239
28270271	544	592	patients were eligible for three-month follow-up	T033	C1302261
28270271	594	605	Pharmacists	T097	C0031323
28270271	610	627	pharmacy students	T097	C0038497
28270271	637	642	NSAID	T121	C0003211
28270271	643	653	counseling	T058	C0010210
28270271	655	679	Patient-reported changes	T080	C0205556
28270271	683	688	NSAID	T121	C0003211
28270271	723	738	appropriate use	T080	C1548787
28270271	740	768	impression of risk awareness	T058	C1532027
28270271	798	819	health care providers	T097	C0031831
28270271	821	826	NSAID	T121	C0003211
28270271	874	891	Inappropriate use	T080	C1548788
28270271	922	927	NSAID	T121	C0003211
28270271	973	998	post-counseling follow-up	T058	C1522577
28270271	1014	1025	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28270271	1089	1102	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
28270271	1165	1171	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
28270271	1197	1223	understanding of the risks	T033	C0243095
28270271	1224	1239	associated with	T080	C0332281
28270271	1240	1249	NSAID use	T121	C0003211
28270271	1288	1315	conversation with providers	T097	C0031831
28270271	1317	1329	Older adults	T098	C0001792
28270271	1334	1344	use NSAIDs	T121	C0003211
28270271	1380	1390	Counseling	T058	C0010210
28270271	1391	1403	older adults	T098	C0001792
28270271	1458	1480	patient risk awareness	T058	C1532027
28270271	1482	1493	Pharmacists	T097	C0031323
28270271	1536	1555	counseling patients	T061	C0600047
28270271	1559	1565	NSAIDs	T121	C0003211

28270328|t|Constructive and Unproductive Processing of Traumatic Experiences in Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Youth
28270328|a|Although there is substantial evidence to support the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral treatments (CBT) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), there is some debate about how these treatments have their effects. Modern learning theory and cognitive and emotional processing theories highlight the importance of reducing avoidance, facilitating the constructive processing of feared experiences, and strengthening new inhibitory learning. We examined variables thought to be associated with unproductive and constructive processing of traumatic experiences in a sample of 81 youth with elevated PTSD symptoms, who received Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for abuse or traumatic interpersonal loss. Sessions during the trauma narrative phase of TF-CBT were coded for indicators of unproductive processing (overgeneralization, rumination, avoidance) and constructive processing (decentering, accommodation of corrective information), as well as levels of negative emotion. In previous analyses of this trial (Ready et al., 2015), more overgeneralization during the narrative phase predicted less improvement in internalizing symptoms at posttreatment and a worsening of externalizing symptoms over the 12-month follow-up. In contrast, more accommodation predicted improvement in internalizing symptoms and also moderated the negative effects of overgeneralization on internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The current study examined correlates of overgeneralization and accommodation. Overgeneralization was associated with more rumination, less decentering, and more negative emotion, suggesting immersion in trauma -related material. Accommodation was associated with less avoidance and more decentering, suggesting a healthy distance from trauma -related material that might allow for processing and cognitive change. Decentering also predicted improvement in externalizing symptoms at posttreatment. Rumination and avoidance showed important associations with overgeneralization and accommodation, respectively, but did not predict treatment outcomes. This study identifies correlates of overgeneralization and accommodation that might shed light on how these variables relate to unproductive and constructive processing of traumatic experiences.
28270328	0	40	Constructive and Unproductive Processing	T033	C0243095
28270328	44	65	Traumatic Experiences	T048	C3203533
28270328	69	112	Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy	T061	C0579049
28270328	117	122	Youth	T100	C0087178
28270328	153	161	evidence	T078	C3887511
28270328	177	185	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28270328	189	220	cognitive-behavioral treatments	T061	C0579049
28270328	222	225	CBT	T061	C0579049
28270328	231	260	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
28270328	262	266	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28270328	306	316	treatments	T061	C0087111
28270328	344	359	learning theory	T170	C0870794
28270328	364	407	cognitive and emotional processing theories	T170	C0282574
28270328	445	454	avoidance	T041	C0870186
28270328	473	518	constructive processing of feared experiences	T033	C0517168
28270328	542	561	inhibitory learning	T041	C0679066
28270328	615	655	unproductive and constructive processing	T033	C0243095
28270328	659	680	traumatic experiences	T048	C3203533
28270328	719	723	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28270328	724	732	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28270328	747	790	Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy	T061	C0579049
28270328	792	798	TF-CBT	T061	C0579049
28270328	804	809	abuse	T033	C0237206
28270328	813	822	traumatic	T048	C3203533
28270328	823	841	interpersonal loss	UnknownType	C0679461
28270328	843	851	Sessions	T077	C1883017
28270328	863	885	trauma narrative phase	T061	C3494322
28270328	889	895	TF-CBT	T061	C0579049
28270328	925	948	unproductive processing	T033	C0243095
28270328	950	968	overgeneralization	T033	C0563151
28270328	970	980	rumination	T048	C0154575
28270328	982	991	avoidance	T041	C0870186
28270328	997	1020	constructive processing	T033	C0243095
28270328	1022	1033	decentering	T033	C0243095
28270328	1035	1074	accommodation of corrective information	T033	C1832072
28270328	1088	1114	levels of negative emotion	T058	C3165349
28270328	1119	1127	previous	T079	C0205156
28270328	1178	1196	overgeneralization	T033	C0563151
28270328	1208	1223	narrative phase	T061	C3494322
28270328	1254	1276	internalizing symptoms	T184	C0237088
28270328	1280	1293	posttreatment	UnknownType	C0679865
28270328	1300	1309	worsening	T080	C0332271
28270328	1313	1335	externalizing symptoms	T184	C0237088
28270328	1354	1363	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28270328	1383	1418	accommodation predicted improvement	T033	C1832072
28270328	1422	1444	internalizing symptoms	T184	C0237088
28270328	1454	1463	moderated	T080	C1881878
28270328	1468	1476	negative	T033	C0205160
28270328	1477	1487	effects of	T080	C1704420
28270328	1488	1506	overgeneralization	T033	C0563151
28270328	1510	1550	internalizing and externalizing symptoms	T184	C0237088
28270328	1593	1611	overgeneralization	T033	C0563151
28270328	1616	1629	accommodation	T033	C1832072
28270328	1631	1649	Overgeneralization	T033	C0563151
28270328	1654	1669	associated with	T080	C0332281
28270328	1675	1685	rumination	T048	C0154575
28270328	1714	1730	negative emotion	T058	C3165349
28270328	1732	1742	suggesting	T078	C0038659
28270328	1743	1752	immersion	T058	C3714592
28270328	1756	1762	trauma	T048	C3203533
28270328	1782	1795	Accommodation	T033	C1832072
28270328	1800	1815	associated with	T080	C0332281
28270328	1821	1830	avoidance	T041	C0870186
28270328	1840	1851	decentering	T033	C0243095
28270328	1866	1873	healthy	T080	C3898900
28270328	1888	1894	trauma	T048	C3203533
28270328	1949	1965	cognitive change	T048	C1392786
28270328	1984	1993	predicted	T078	C0681842
28270328	1994	2005	improvement	T077	C2986411
28270328	2009	2031	externalizing symptoms	T184	C0237088
28270328	2035	2048	posttreatment	UnknownType	C0679865
28270328	2050	2060	Rumination	T048	C0154575
28270328	2065	2074	avoidance	T041	C0870186
28270328	2110	2128	overgeneralization	T033	C0563151
28270328	2133	2146	accommodation	T033	C1832072
28270328	2182	2200	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
28270328	2238	2256	overgeneralization	T033	C0563151
28270328	2261	2274	accommodation	T033	C1832072
28270328	2330	2370	unproductive and constructive processing	T033	C0243095
28270328	2374	2395	traumatic experiences	T048	C3203533

28270369|t|RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE DIABETES EATING PROBLEM SURVEY-REVISED ON TURKISH CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
28270369|a|The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of Turkish version of Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised (DEPS-R) for children and adolescent with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. A total of 200 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes, ages 9-18 years, completed the DEPS-R Turkish version. In addition to tests of validity, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to investigate the factor structure of the 16-item Turkish version of DEPS-R. The Turkish version of DEPS-R demonstrated satisfactory Cronbach's ∝ (0.847) and was significantly correlated with ag e (r=0.194; p<0.01), hemoglobin A1c levels (r=0.303; p<0.01) and BMI - SDS (r=0.412; p<0.01) indicating criterion validity. Median DEPS-R scores of Turkish version for the total samples, females and males were as follows: 11.0, 11.5 and 10.5 respectively. Disturbed eating behaviors and insulin restriction were associated with poor metabolic control. A short, self-administered diabetes specific screening tool for disordered eating behavior can be used routinely in the clinical care of adolescents with type 1 diabetes. The Turkish version of DEPS-R is a valid screening tool for disordered eating behaviors in type 1 diabetes and it is potentially important to early detect disordered eating behaviors.
28270369	0	24	RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY	T080	C0035036
28270369	32	70	DIABETES EATING PROBLEM SURVEY-REVISED	T058	C0012158
28270369	74	81	TURKISH	T098	C0549217
28270369	82	90	CHILDREN	T100	C0008059
28270369	95	106	ADOLESCENTS	T100	C0205653
28270369	112	136	TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS	T047	C0011854
28270369	153	158	study	T062	C2603343
28270369	166	173	examine	T169	C1292732
28270369	178	202	reliability and validity	T080	C0035036
28270369	206	213	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28270369	214	221	version	T170	C0333052
28270369	225	263	Diabetes Eating Problem Survey-Revised	T058	C0012158
28270369	265	271	DEPS-R	T058	C0012158
28270369	277	285	children	T100	C0008059
28270369	290	300	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28270369	306	330	Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus	T047	C0011854
28270369	347	355	children	T100	C0008059
28270369	360	371	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28270369	377	392	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28270369	394	398	ages	T032	C0001779
28270369	404	409	years	T079	C0439234
28270369	425	431	DEPS-R	T058	C0012158
28270369	432	439	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28270369	440	447	version	T170	C0333052
28270369	464	469	tests	T169	C0039593
28270369	473	481	validity	T081	C2349101
28270369	483	511	confirmatory factor analysis	T080	C0870334
28270369	529	540	investigate	T169	C1292732
28270369	545	561	factor structure	T081	C0870541
28270369	577	584	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28270369	585	592	version	T170	C0333052
28270369	596	602	DEPS-R	T058	C0012158
28270369	608	615	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28270369	616	623	version	T170	C0333052
28270369	627	633	DEPS-R	T058	C0012158
28270369	647	659	satisfactory	T080	C0205410
28270369	660	670	Cronbach's	T081	C0870731
28270369	703	713	correlated	T080	C1707520
28270369	719	721	ag	T032	C0001779
28270369	743	764	hemoglobin A1c levels	T034	C1261236
28270369	787	790	BMI	T201	C1305855
28270369	793	796	SDS	T081	C0449820
28270369	826	844	criterion validity	T081	C2699472
28270369	853	859	DEPS-R	T058	C0012158
28270369	860	866	scores	T081	C0449820
28270369	870	877	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28270369	878	885	version	T170	C0333052
28270369	900	907	samples	T098	C1257890
28270369	909	916	females	T032	C0086287
28270369	921	926	males	T032	C0086582
28270369	978	1004	Disturbed eating behaviors	T048	C4062871
28270369	1009	1016	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28270369	1017	1028	restriction	T169	C0443288
28270369	1055	1072	metabolic control	T044	C1513158
28270369	1083	1100	self-administered	T169	C1519231
28270369	1101	1109	diabetes	T047	C0011854
28270369	1119	1128	screening	T058	C1710032
28270369	1138	1164	disordered eating behavior	T048	C4062871
28270369	1194	1202	clinical	T080	C0205210
28270369	1203	1207	care	T058	C0086388
28270369	1211	1222	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28270369	1228	1243	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28270369	1249	1256	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28270369	1257	1264	version	T170	C0333052
28270369	1268	1274	DEPS-R	T058	C0012158
28270369	1286	1295	screening	T058	C1710032
28270369	1305	1332	disordered eating behaviors	T048	C4062871
28270369	1336	1351	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28270369	1400	1427	disordered eating behaviors	T048	C4062871

28271030|t|High-fidelity Glucagon-CreER mouse line generated by CRISPR-Cas9 assisted gene targeting
28271030|a|α-cells are the second most prominent cell type in pancreatic islets and are responsible for producing glucagon to increase plasma glucose levels in times of fasting. α-cell dysfunction and inappropriate glucagon secretion occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Thus, there is growing interest in studying both normal function and pathophysiology of α-cells. However, tools to target gene ablation or activation specifically of α-cells have been limited, compared to those available for β-cells. Previous Glucagon-Cre and Glucagon-CreER transgenic mouse lines have suffered from transgene silencing, and the only available Glucagon-CreER "knock-in" mouse line results in glucagon haploinsufficiency, which can confound the interpretation of gene deletion analyses. Therefore, we sought to develop a Glucagon-CreER(T2) mouse line that would maintain normal glucagon expression and would be less susceptible to transgene silencing. We utilized CRISPR-Cas9 technology to insert an IRES-CreER(T2) sequence into the 3' UTR of the Glucagon (Gcg) locus in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Targeted ESC clones were then injected into mouse blastocysts to obtain Gcg-CreER(T2) mice. Recombination efficiency in GCG (+) pancreatic α-cells and glucagon-like peptide 1 positive (GLP1(+)) enteroendocrine L-cells was measured in Gcg-CreER(T2); Rosa26-LSL-YFP mice injected with tamoxifen during fetal development and adulthood. Tamoxifen injection of Gcg-CreER(T2); Rosa26-LSL-YFP mice induced high recombination efficiency of the Rosa26-LSL-YFP locus in perinatal and adult α-cells (88% and 95%, respectively), as well as in first-wave fetal α-cells (36%) and adult enteroendocrine L-cells (33%). Mice homozygous for the Gcg-CreER(T2) allele were phenotypically normal. We successfully derived a Gcg-CreER(T2) mouse line that expresses CreER(T2) in pancreatic α-cells and enteroendocrine L-cells without disrupting preproglucagon gene expression. These mice will be a useful tool for performing temporally controlled genetic manipulation specifically in these cell types.
28271030	14	39	Glucagon-CreER mouse line	T025	C1513528
28271030	53	64	CRISPR-Cas9	T063	C0814038
28271030	74	88	gene targeting	T063	C0242613
28271030	89	96	α-cells	T025	C0030280
28271030	127	136	cell type	T170	C0449475
28271030	140	157	pancreatic islets	T023	C0022131
28271030	192	200	glucagon	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
28271030	213	234	plasma glucose levels	T034	C0455280
28271030	247	254	fasting	T033	C0015663
28271030	256	262	α-cell	T025	C0030280
28271030	263	274	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28271030	293	301	glucagon	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
28271030	302	311	secretion	T038	C0036536
28271030	326	332	type 1	T047	C0011854
28271030	337	352	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28271030	423	438	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28271030	442	449	α-cells	T025	C0030280
28271030	476	489	gene ablation	T063	C1513384
28271030	493	503	activation	T045	C0017255
28271030	520	527	α-cells	T025	C0030280
28271030	579	586	β-cells	T025	C0030281
28271030	597	609	Glucagon-Cre	T025	C1513528
28271030	614	651	Glucagon-CreER transgenic mouse lines	T025	C1513528
28271030	671	680	transgene	T028	C0282641
28271030	681	690	silencing	T045	C0598496
28271030	715	751	Glucagon-CreER "knock-in" mouse line	T025	C1513528
28271030	763	771	glucagon	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
28271030	772	790	haploinsufficiency	T049	C2936267
28271030	833	855	gene deletion analyses	T059	C1294202
28271030	891	920	Glucagon-CreER(T2) mouse line	T025	C1513528
28271030	948	956	glucagon	T028	C1333664
28271030	957	967	expression	T045	C1171362
28271030	1001	1010	transgene	T028	C0282641
28271030	1011	1020	silencing	T045	C0598496
28271030	1034	1056	CRISPR-Cas9 technology	T063	C0814038
28271030	1070	1093	IRES-CreER(T2) sequence	T086	C1512886
28271030	1103	1109	3' UTR	T086,T123	C0600600
28271030	1117	1125	Glucagon	T028	C1333664
28271030	1127	1130	Gcg	T028	C1333664
28271030	1132	1137	locus	T028	C0678933
28271030	1141	1167	mouse embryonic stem cells	T025	C4042879
28271030	1169	1173	ESCs	T025	C4042879
28271030	1185	1188	ESC	T025	C4042879
28271030	1189	1195	clones	T025	C0009013
28271030	1220	1225	mouse	T015	C0025929
28271030	1226	1237	blastocysts	T018	C1281743
28271030	1248	1266	Gcg-CreER(T2) mice	T015	C0025936
28271030	1268	1281	Recombination	T045	C0034865
28271030	1296	1299	GCG	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
28271030	1304	1322	pancreatic α-cells	T025	C0030280
28271030	1327	1359	glucagon-like peptide 1 positive	T116	C0061355
28271030	1361	1368	GLP1(+)	T116	C0061355
28271030	1370	1393	enteroendocrine L-cells	T025	C2333553
28271030	1410	1423	Gcg-CreER(T2)	T015	C0025936
28271030	1425	1444	Rosa26-LSL-YFP mice	T015	C0025936
28271030	1445	1453	injected	T061	C0021485
28271030	1459	1468	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28271030	1476	1493	fetal development	T039	C0015928
28271030	1498	1507	adulthood	T079	C0700597
28271030	1509	1518	Tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28271030	1519	1528	injection	T061	C0021485
28271030	1532	1545	Gcg-CreER(T2)	T015	C0025936
28271030	1547	1566	Rosa26-LSL-YFP mice	T015	C0025936
28271030	1580	1593	recombination	T045	C0034865
28271030	1612	1632	Rosa26-LSL-YFP locus	T028	C0678933
28271030	1636	1645	perinatal	T079	C0178795
28271030	1650	1655	adult	T100	C0001675
28271030	1656	1663	α-cells	T025	C0030280
28271030	1724	1731	α-cells	T025	C0030280
28271030	1742	1747	adult	T100	C0001675
28271030	1748	1771	enteroendocrine L-cells	T025	C2333553
28271030	1779	1783	Mice	T015	C0025929
28271030	1784	1794	homozygous	T032	C0019904
28271030	1803	1816	Gcg-CreER(T2)	T028	C0017337
28271030	1817	1823	allele	T028	C0002085
28271030	1878	1902	Gcg-CreER(T2) mouse line	T025	C1513528
28271030	1908	1917	expresses	T045	C0017262
28271030	1918	1927	CreER(T2)	T028	C0017337
28271030	1931	1949	pancreatic α-cells	T025	C0030280
28271030	1954	1977	enteroendocrine L-cells	T025	C2333553
28271030	1997	2011	preproglucagon	T028	C1333664
28271030	2012	2027	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28271030	2035	2039	mice	T015	C0025929
28271030	2099	2119	genetic manipulation	T063	C0178659
28271030	2142	2152	cell types	T170	C0449475

28271342|t|A comparison of the localization of rectal carcinomas according to the general rules of the Japanese classification of colorectal carcinoma (JCCRC) and Western guidelines
28271342|a|The aim of this study was to compare the localization of rectal cancers as classified according to the general rules of the Japanese classification of colorectal carcinoma (JCCRC) and also according to the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, which are based on rigid endoscopic measurements. The medical records of patients scheduled to receive curative surgery for histologically proven rectal adenocarcinoma during 2009-2015 were investigated (n = 230). Rigid proctoscopy was performed in patients with rectal cancer located in the upper (Ra) or lower (Rb) division using double-contrast barium enema. The median values of height from the anal verge were 7.5 cm (range 2-12) and 3 cm (0-9.5) on rigid proctoscopy for cancers assigned as Ra and Rb, respectively. All 159 cancers at Ra or Rb were located within 12 cm from the anal verge by rigid proctoscopy, while only 79.7% of Ra or 82.1% of Rb cancers were located in the mid (5.1-10 cm) or low (≤5 cm) rectum, respectively. Ra and Rb cancers are deemed to be rectal cancers according to NCCN guidelines, but these classifications are not interchangeable with mid- and low - rectal cancers, respectively, according to the ESMO guidelines.
28271342	2	12	comparison	T052	C1707455
28271342	20	32	localization	T169	C0475264
28271342	36	53	rectal carcinomas	T191	C0007113
28271342	71	78	general	T082	C0205246
28271342	79	84	rules	T170	C0870077
28271342	92	139	Japanese classification of colorectal carcinoma	T185	C0008902
28271342	141	146	JCCRC	T185	C0008902
28271342	152	159	Western	T082	C1705493
28271342	160	170	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28271342	175	178	aim	T078	C1947946
28271342	200	207	compare	T052	C1707455
28271342	212	224	localization	T169	C0475264
28271342	228	242	rectal cancers	T191	C0007113
28271342	246	256	classified	T185	C0008902
28271342	274	281	general	T082	C0205246
28271342	282	287	rules	T170	C0870077
28271342	295	342	Japanese classification of colorectal carcinoma	T185	C0008902
28271342	344	349	JCCRC	T185	C0008902
28271342	377	414	European Society for Medical Oncology	T093	C1708333
28271342	416	420	ESMO	T093	C1708333
28271342	430	467	National Comprehensive Cancer Network	T093	C1513893
28271342	469	473	NCCN	T093	C1513893
28271342	475	485	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28271342	506	522	rigid endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28271342	523	535	measurements	T169	C0242485
28271342	541	556	medical records	T170	C0025102
28271342	560	568	patients	T101	C0030705
28271342	569	578	scheduled	T080	C0205539
28271342	582	589	receive	T080	C1514756
28271342	590	606	curative surgery	T061	C1511562
28271342	611	625	histologically	T169	C0205462
28271342	633	654	rectal adenocarcinoma	T191	C0149978
28271342	655	661	during	T079	C0347984
28271342	677	689	investigated	T169	C1292732
28271342	701	718	Rigid proctoscopy	T060	C0033251
28271342	723	732	performed	T169	C0884358
28271342	736	744	patients	T101	C0030705
28271342	750	763	rectal cancer	T191	C0007113
28271342	764	774	located in	T082	C0332285
28271342	779	784	upper	T082	C1282910
28271342	786	788	Ra	T082	C1282910
28271342	793	798	lower	T082	C0441994
28271342	800	802	Rb	T082	C0441994
28271342	804	812	division	T061	C1293097
28271342	819	847	double-contrast barium enema	T060	C0412118
28271342	853	859	median	T081	C0876920
28271342	870	876	height	T032	C0489786
28271342	886	896	anal verge	T023	C0227423
28271342	910	915	range	T081	C1514721
28271342	942	959	rigid proctoscopy	T060	C0033251
28271342	964	971	cancers	T191	C0006826
28271342	972	980	assigned	T169	C1516050
28271342	984	986	Ra	T082	C1282910
28271342	991	993	Rb	T082	C0441994
28271342	1017	1024	cancers	T191	C0006826
28271342	1028	1030	Ra	T082	C1282910
28271342	1034	1036	Rb	T082	C0441994
28271342	1042	1049	located	T082	C0332285
28271342	1050	1056	within	T082	C0332285
28271342	1072	1082	anal verge	T023	C0227423
28271342	1086	1103	rigid proctoscopy	T060	C0033251
28271342	1125	1127	Ra	T082	C1282910
28271342	1140	1142	Rb	T082	C0441994
28271342	1143	1150	cancers	T191	C0006826
28271342	1156	1166	located in	T082	C0332285
28271342	1171	1174	mid	T082	C0444598
28271342	1190	1193	low	T080	C0205251
28271342	1202	1208	rectum	T023	C0034896
28271342	1224	1226	Ra	T082	C1282910
28271342	1231	1233	Rb	T082	C0441994
28271342	1234	1241	cancers	T191	C0006826
28271342	1259	1273	rectal cancers	T191	C0007113
28271342	1287	1291	NCCN	T093	C1513893
28271342	1292	1302	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28271342	1314	1329	classifications	T185	C0008902
28271342	1359	1363	mid-	T082	C0444598
28271342	1368	1371	low	T080	C0205251
28271342	1374	1388	rectal cancers	T191	C0007113
28271342	1421	1425	ESMO	T093	C1708333
28271342	1426	1436	guidelines	T170	C0162791

28271600|t|Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery with a snake-mechanism using a movable pulley
28271600|a|Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery is an emerging technique. We aimed to develop an advanced surgical robot mechanism for natural orifice surgery. We propose the active-controlled overtube-type platform with multiple channels for an endoscopic camera and surgical tools. To make such a platform, we suggest an advanced snake mechanism comprising movable pulleys to make a snake mechanism with multiple degrees of freedom and high operating force. The stiffness and maneuverability of the active-controlled platform appeared satisfactory. Using prototypes and ex vivo experiments, we confirmed that the mechanism was suitable for a snake-like robotic platform for natural orifice surgery. The suggested snake mechanism using movable pulleys has the advantages of stiffness and maneuverability. This new mechanism can be an alternative platform for natural orifice surgery.
28271600	0	47	Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery	T061	C2936208
28271600	55	70	snake-mechanism	T169	C0441712
28271600	79	93	movable pulley	T074	C1709769
28271600	94	141	Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery	T061	C2936208
28271600	157	166	technique	T169	C0449851
28271600	180	187	develop	T169	C1527148
28271600	191	199	advanced	T080	C0205179
28271600	200	214	surgical robot	T074	C3204163
28271600	215	224	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28271600	229	252	natural orifice surgery	T061	C2936206
28271600	269	309	active-controlled overtube-type platform	T075	C1710360
28271600	324	332	channels	T082	C0439799
28271600	340	357	endoscopic camera	T074	C0179535
28271600	362	370	surgical	T061	C0543467
28271600	371	376	tools	T073	C0336791
28271600	393	401	platform	T075	C1710360
28271600	406	413	suggest	T078	C1705535
28271600	417	425	advanced	T080	C0205179
28271600	426	441	snake mechanism	T169	C0441712
28271600	453	468	movable pulleys	T074	C1709769
28271600	479	494	snake mechanism	T169	C0441712
28271600	509	527	degrees of freedom	T169	C0205245
28271600	558	567	stiffness	T080	C0205556
28271600	572	587	maneuverability	T080	C0205556
28271600	595	621	active-controlled platform	T075	C1710360
28271600	631	643	satisfactory	T080	C0205410
28271600	651	661	prototypes	T170	C3161035
28271600	666	673	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28271600	674	685	experiments	T062	C0681814
28271600	709	718	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28271600	738	756	snake-like robotic	T073	C0336537
28271600	757	765	platform	T075	C1710360
28271600	770	793	natural orifice surgery	T061	C2936206
28271600	799	808	suggested	T078	C1705535
28271600	809	824	snake mechanism	T169	C0441712
28271600	831	846	movable pulleys	T074	C1709769
28271600	869	878	stiffness	T080	C0205556
28271600	883	898	maneuverability	T080	C0205556
28271600	909	918	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28271600	929	940	alternative	T077	C1523987
28271600	941	949	platform	T075	C1710360
28271600	954	977	natural orifice surgery	T061	C2936206

28271652|t|Impact of Revised Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Breakpoints on Susceptibility in Enterobacteriaceae Producing AmpC β-Lactamase
28271652|a|We evaluated the impact of revised Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints for broad-spectrum cephalosporins (BSCs) on the susceptibilities of 1,742 isolates of Enterobacter species, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii, and Morganella morganii. The 2011 CLSI criteria for cefotaxime and ceftazidime reduced the rates of susceptibility by 2.9% and 5.9%, respectively. The 2014 CLSI criteria for cefepime reduced the rate of susceptibility by 13.9%, and categorized 11.8% isolates as susceptible-dose dependent (SDD) for cefepime. Among 183 isolates with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype, implementation of the new criteria reduced the rates of susceptibility to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefepime by 2.8%, 14.8%, and 53.6%, respectively. The proportion of ESBL phenotype among BSC - susceptible isolates was low (0.9% for cefotaxime, 3.0% for ceftazidime, and 3.3% for cefepime). In summary, implementation of new CLSI criteria led to little change in susceptibility to cefotaxime and ceftazidime but a substantial change in susceptibility to cefepime. The recognition of revised CLSI criteria for BSC and SDD will help clinicians to select the optimal antibiotic and dosing regimen.
28271652	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
28271652	18	46	Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin	T109,T195	C3536856
28271652	47	90	Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute	T093	C1274109
28271652	91	102	Breakpoints	T059	C2713357
28271652	106	120	Susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28271652	124	142	Enterobacteriaceae	T007	C0014346
28271652	153	169	AmpC β-Lactamase	T116,T126	C0164503
28271652	187	193	impact	T080	C4049986
28271652	205	248	Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute	T093	C1274109
28271652	250	254	CLSI	T093	C1274109
28271652	256	267	breakpoints	T059	C2713357
28271652	272	301	broad-spectrum cephalosporins	T109,T195	C3536856
28271652	303	307	BSCs	T109,T195	C3536856
28271652	316	332	susceptibilities	T169	C1264642
28271652	342	350	isolates	T123	C1764827
28271652	354	374	Enterobacter species	T007	C1295792
28271652	376	395	Serratia marcescens	T007	C0036766
28271652	397	417	Citrobacter freundii	T007	C0085483
28271652	423	442	Morganella morganii	T007	C0315276
28271652	453	457	CLSI	T093	C1274109
28271652	471	481	cefotaxime	T109,T195	C0007554
28271652	486	497	ceftazidime	T109,T195	C0007559
28271652	510	515	rates	T081	C1521828
28271652	519	533	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28271652	575	579	CLSI	T093	C1274109
28271652	593	601	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28271652	614	618	rate	T081	C1521828
28271652	622	636	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28271652	669	677	isolates	T123	C1764827
28271652	681	707	susceptible-dose dependent	T034	C2827754
28271652	709	712	SDD	T034	C2827754
28271652	718	726	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28271652	738	746	isolates	T123	C1764827
28271652	752	781	extended-spectrum β-lactamase	T116,T126	C0164503
28271652	783	787	ESBL	T116,T126	C0164503
28271652	789	798	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28271652	800	814	implementation	T052	C1708476
28271652	847	852	rates	T081	C1521828
28271652	856	870	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28271652	874	884	cefotaxime	T109,T195	C0007554
28271652	886	897	ceftazidime	T109,T195	C0007559
28271652	903	911	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28271652	971	975	ESBL	T116,T126	C0164503
28271652	976	985	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28271652	992	995	BSC	T109,T195	C3536856
28271652	998	1009	susceptible	T169	C0231204
28271652	1010	1018	isolates	T123	C1764827
28271652	1037	1047	cefotaxime	T109,T195	C0007554
28271652	1058	1069	ceftazidime	T109,T195	C0007559
28271652	1084	1092	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28271652	1107	1121	implementation	T052	C1708476
28271652	1129	1133	CLSI	T093	C1274109
28271652	1167	1181	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28271652	1185	1195	cefotaxime	T109,T195	C0007554
28271652	1200	1211	ceftazidime	T109,T195	C0007559
28271652	1240	1254	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28271652	1258	1266	cefepime	T109,T195	C0055003
28271652	1272	1283	recognition	T041	C0524637
28271652	1295	1299	CLSI	T093	C1274109
28271652	1313	1316	BSC	T109,T195	C3536856
28271652	1321	1324	SDD	T034	C2827754
28271652	1335	1345	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28271652	1368	1378	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28271652	1383	1397	dosing regimen	T058	C1254363

28272227|t|Effects of pulmonary static inflation with 50% xenon on oxygen impairment during cardiopulmonary bypass for stanford type A acute aortic dissection: A pilot study
28272227|a|The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of pulmonary static inflation with 50% xenon on postoperative oxygen impairment during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for Stanford type A acute aortic dissection (AAD). This prospective single-center nonrandomized controlled clinical trial included 100 adult patients undergoing surgery for Stanford type A AAD at an academic hospital in China. Fifty subjects underwent pulmonary static inflation with 50% oxygen from January 2013 to January 2014, and 50 underwent inflation with 50% xenon from January 2014 to December 2014. During CPB, the lungs were inflated with either 50% xenon (xenon group) or 50% oxygen (control group) to maintain an airway pressure of 5 cm H2O. The primary outcome was oxygenation index (OI) value after intubation, and 10 minutes and 6 hours after the operation. The second outcome was cytokine and reactive oxygen species levels after intubation and 10 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours after the operation. Patients treated with xenon had lower OI levels compared to the control group before surgery (P = 0.002); however, there was no difference in postoperative values between the 2 groups. Following surgery, mean maximal OI values decreased by 18.8% and 33.8%, respectively, in the xenon and control groups. After surgery, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and thromboxane B2 decreased by 23.5%, 9.1%, and 30.2%, respectively, in the xenon group, but increased by 10.8%, 26.2%, and 26.4%, respectively, in the control group. Moreover, IL-10 levels increased by 28% in the xenon group and decreased by 7.5% in the control group. There were significant time and treatment - time interaction effects on methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (P = 0.000 and P = 0.050, respectively) and myeloperoxidase (P = 0.000 and P = 0.001 in xenon and control groups, respectively). There was no difference in hospital mortality and 1-year survival rate between the 2 groups. Pulmonary static inflation with 50% xenon during CPB could attenuate OI decreases at the end of surgery for Stanford type A AAD. Thus, xenon may function by triggering anti-inflammatory responses and suppressing pro-inflammatory and oxidative effects.
28272227	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28272227	11	20	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
28272227	21	37	static inflation	T061	C1283105
28272227	47	52	xenon	T121,T196	C0043339
28272227	56	62	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28272227	63	73	impairment	T169	C0221099
28272227	81	103	cardiopulmonary bypass	T061	C0007202
28272227	108	147	stanford type A acute aortic dissection	T047	C0241868
28272227	151	162	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28272227	167	171	goal	T170	C0018017
28272227	180	185	study	T062	C2603343
28272227	209	219	effects of	T080	C1704420
28272227	220	229	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
28272227	230	246	static inflation	T061	C1283105
28272227	256	261	xenon	T121,T196	C0043339
28272227	265	278	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28272227	279	285	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28272227	286	296	impairment	T169	C0221099
28272227	304	326	cardiopulmonary bypass	T061	C0007202
28272227	328	331	CPB	T061	C0007202
28272227	337	376	Stanford type A acute aortic dissection	T047	C0241868
28272227	378	381	AAD	T047	C0241868
28272227	401	454	single-center nonrandomized controlled clinical trial	T062	C2985410
28272227	468	473	adult	T100	C0001675
28272227	474	482	patients	T101	C0030705
28272227	494	501	surgery	T061	C0543467
28272227	506	525	Stanford type A AAD	T047	C0241868
28272227	532	549	academic hospital	T073,T093	C0000872
28272227	553	558	China	T083	C0008115
28272227	585	594	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
28272227	595	611	static inflation	T061	C1283105
28272227	621	627	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28272227	633	640	January	T080	C3829466
28272227	649	656	January	T080	C3829466
28272227	680	689	inflation	T061	C1283105
28272227	699	704	xenon	T121,T196	C0043339
28272227	710	717	January	T080	C3829466
28272227	726	734	December	T080	C3830550
28272227	748	751	CPB	T061	C0007202
28272227	757	762	lungs	T023	C0024109
28272227	768	776	inflated	T061	C1283105
28272227	793	798	xenon	T121,T196	C0043339
28272227	800	811	xenon group	UnknownType	C0681860
28272227	820	826	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28272227	828	841	control group	T096	C0009932
28272227	858	873	airway pressure	T201	C0428719
28272227	891	906	primary outcome	T169	C1274040
28272227	911	928	oxygenation index	T059	C1278185
28272227	930	932	OI	T059	C1278185
28272227	934	939	value	T081	C1522609
28272227	946	956	intubation	T061	C0021925
28272227	965	972	minutes	T079	C0439232
28272227	979	984	hours	T079	C0439227
28272227	995	1004	operation	T061	C0543467
28272227	1010	1024	second outcome	T169	C1274040
28272227	1029	1037	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28272227	1042	1065	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28272227	1066	1072	levels	T080	C0441889
28272227	1079	1089	intubation	T061	C0021925
28272227	1097	1104	minutes	T079	C0439232
28272227	1108	1113	hours	T079	C0439227
28272227	1122	1127	hours	T079	C0439227
28272227	1138	1147	operation	T061	C0543467
28272227	1149	1157	Patients	T101	C0030705
28272227	1171	1176	xenon	T121,T196	C0043339
28272227	1187	1189	OI	T059	C1278185
28272227	1190	1196	levels	T080	C0441889
28272227	1213	1226	control group	T096	C0009932
28272227	1234	1241	surgery	T061	C0543467
28272227	1274	1287	no difference	T033	C3842396
28272227	1291	1304	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28272227	1305	1311	values	T081	C1522609
28272227	1326	1332	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28272227	1344	1351	surgery	T061	C0543467
28272227	1353	1357	mean	T081	C0444504
28272227	1358	1365	maximal	T081	C0806909
28272227	1366	1368	OI	T059	C1278185
28272227	1369	1375	values	T081	C1522609
28272227	1376	1385	decreased	T081	C0205216
28272227	1427	1432	xenon	UnknownType	C0681860
28272227	1437	1451	control groups	T096	C0009932
28272227	1459	1466	surgery	T061	C0543467
28272227	1472	1478	levels	T080	C0441889
28272227	1482	1495	interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28272227	1497	1501	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28272227	1504	1531	tumor necrosis factor alpha	T116,T129	C1456820
28272227	1537	1551	thromboxane B2	T109,T123	C0040059
28272227	1552	1561	decreased	T081	C0205216
28272227	1610	1621	xenon group	UnknownType	C0681860
28272227	1627	1636	increased	T081	C0205217
28272227	1686	1699	control group	T096	C0009932
28272227	1711	1716	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28272227	1717	1723	levels	T080	C0441889
28272227	1724	1733	increased	T081	C0205217
28272227	1748	1759	xenon group	UnknownType	C0681860
28272227	1764	1773	decreased	T081	C0205216
28272227	1789	1802	control group	T096	C0009932
28272227	1827	1831	time	T079	C0040223
28272227	1836	1845	treatment	T061	C0087111
28272227	1848	1852	time	T079	C0040223
28272227	1853	1864	interaction	T169	C1704675
28272227	1865	1872	effects	T080	C1280500
28272227	1876	1905	methane dicarboxylic aldehyde	T123	C0574031
28272227	1950	1965	myeloperoxidase	T116,T126	C0027021
28272227	1994	1999	xenon	UnknownType	C0681860
28272227	2004	2018	control groups	T096	C0009932
28272227	2045	2058	no difference	T033	C3842396
28272227	2062	2080	hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28272227	2092	2105	survival rate	T081	C0038954
28272227	2120	2126	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28272227	2128	2137	Pulmonary	T023	C0024109
28272227	2138	2154	static inflation	T061	C1283105
28272227	2164	2169	xenon	T121,T196	C0043339
28272227	2177	2180	CPB	T061	C0007202
28272227	2197	2199	OI	T059	C1278185
28272227	2200	2209	decreases	T081	C0547047
28272227	2224	2231	surgery	T061	C0543467
28272227	2236	2255	Stanford type A AAD	T047	C0241868
28272227	2263	2268	xenon	T121,T196	C0043339
28272227	2273	2281	function	T169	C0542341
28272227	2296	2323	anti-inflammatory responses	T080	C1515999
28272227	2328	2339	suppressing	T169	C1260953
28272227	2340	2356	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28272227	2361	2370	oxidative	T169	C0311404
28272227	2371	2378	effects	T080	C1280500

28272240|t|A 92- year - old man with primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma manifesting as a giant scalp mass: A case report
28272240|a|Primary cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is an uncommon entity, representing 10% of all extranodal NHLs. Among all cutaneous sites, the scalp is a rare site of representation. A 92- year -old Chinese man visited our hospital with a multiple-nodular huge scalp mass on the right parieto-occipital regions. The mass was of 7- month duration and progressively enlarging in size. On the basis of the result of biopsy, diffuse large B-cell NHL was diagnosed. The mass was partially resected by surgery and no further treatment was conducted due to the advanced age and poor physical status. The tumor relapsed in situ after 6 months and the patient died after 2 years. This case highlighted the limited access to standard treatment options in patients with advanced age. A thorough examination is necessary to decide upon the treatment for the primary cutaneous lymphoma.
28272240	6	10	year	T079	C1510829
28272240	13	20	old man	T098	C0025266
28272240	26	87	primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma	T191	C1511566
28272240	111	121	scalp mass	T033	C0577559
28272240	125	136	case report	T170	C0007320
28272240	137	177	Primary cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma	T191	C1511566
28272240	179	182	NHL	T191	C1511566
28272240	231	241	extranodal	T082	C1517067
28272240	242	246	NHLs	T191	C0024305
28272240	258	273	cutaneous sites	T082	C0221912
28272240	279	284	scalp	T023	C0036270
28272240	295	299	site	T029	C0005898
28272240	325	329	year	T079	C1510829
28272240	335	342	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28272240	343	346	man	T032	C0086582
28272240	359	367	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28272240	375	407	multiple-nodular huge scalp mass	T033	C0577559
28272240	415	446	right parieto-occipital regions	T029	C0005898
28272240	452	456	mass	T033	C0577559
28272240	467	472	month	T079	C0439231
28272240	473	481	duration	T079	C0449238
28272240	486	509	progressively enlarging	T080	C0442800
28272240	513	517	size	T082	C0475440
28272240	539	545	result	T034	C0587081
28272240	549	555	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28272240	557	581	diffuse large B-cell NHL	T191	C0079744
28272240	586	595	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28272240	601	605	mass	T033	C0577559
28272240	610	619	partially	T081	C0728938
28272240	620	628	resected	T080	C1521996
28272240	632	639	surgery	T061	C0543467
28272240	655	664	treatment	T061	C0087111
28272240	690	702	advanced age	T100	C0001795
28272240	707	727	poor physical status	UnknownType	C0679834
28272240	733	738	tumor	T191	C0027651
28272240	739	747	relapsed	T191	C0549379
28272240	748	755	in situ	T082	C0444498
28272240	764	770	months	T079	C0439231
28272240	779	791	patient died	T033	C0184772
28272240	800	805	years	T079	C0439234
28272240	812	816	case	T077	C1706256
28272240	851	877	standard treatment options	T061	C0683525
28272240	881	889	patients	T101	C0030705
28272240	895	907	advanced age	T100	C0001795
28272240	920	931	examination	T058	C0582103
28272240	964	973	treatment	T061	C0087111
28272240	982	1008	primary cutaneous lymphoma	T191	C1302772

28272254|t|Real role of β-blockers in regression of left ventricular mass in hypertension patients: Bayesian network meta-analysis
28272254|a|Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is commonly present in patients with hypertension (HT). According to the expert consensus document from American, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) were recommended as 1st-line therapeutic drugs. However, none noticed the different efficacy between fat-soluble and selective β1-receptor blockers (FS-β-B) and other β-blockers on regression of LVH before. The aim of this analysis was to compare the efficacy of FS-β-B with the other 4 different classes of antihypertensive drugs (ACEI, ARBs, calcium channel blockers [CCBs], and diuretics) on regression of LVH. Relative trials were identified in the PubMed, Web of Science, OVID EBM Reviews and Cochrane databases, and the relevant papers were examined. We performed both traditional and Bayesian meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the regression of LVH. Sensitivity analysis and regression analysis were performed to explore possible sources of heterogeneity. Inconsistency analysis was performed to check whether the analysis of the trials in the network was indeed consistent. A total of 41 RCTs involving 2566 patients with HT and LVH were included in this analysis. Bayesian network meta-analysis indicated no statistically significant differences between these groups: FS-β-B and ACEI (MD, -7.09; 95% CI, -14.99, 1.27); FS-β-B and ARB (MD, -2.66; 95% Cl, -12.02, 6.31). Although FS-β-B showed greater efficacy when compared with diuretic (MD, 13.04; 95% CI, 3.38, 22.59) or CCB (MD, 10.90; 95% CI, 1.98, 19.49). The probabilities of being among the most efficacious treatments were: FS-β-B (72%), ARB (27%), ACEI (0.01%), CCB (0.00%), and diuretic (0.00%). Evidence from our analysis reveals that FS-β-B have potential to become 1st-line therapeutic drugs in HT and LVH patients. However, the real efficacy of FS-β-B on regression of LVH should be confirmed by further large, high quality trials considering the limitation of the study number.
28272254	13	23	β-blockers	T121	C0001645
28272254	27	37	regression	T046	C0597370
28272254	41	62	left ventricular mass	T033	C0455825
28272254	66	78	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28272254	79	87	patients	T101	C0030705
28272254	89	105	Bayesian network	T081,T170	C0026348
28272254	106	119	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28272254	120	148	Left ventricular hypertrophy	T047	C0149721
28272254	150	153	LVH	T047	C0149721
28272254	178	186	patients	T101	C0030705
28272254	192	204	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28272254	206	208	HT	T047	C0020538
28272254	228	253	expert consensus document	T170	C1301746
28272254	259	267	American	T098	C0596070
28272254	269	308	angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor	T121	C0003015
28272254	310	314	ACEI	T121	C0003015
28272254	320	349	angiotensin receptor blockers	T121	C0815017
28272254	351	355	ARBs	T121	C0815017
28272254	386	403	therapeutic drugs	T121	C0013227
28272254	441	449	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28272254	458	504	fat-soluble and selective β1-receptor blockers	T121	C0304516
28272254	506	512	FS-β-B	T121	C0304516
28272254	524	534	β-blockers	T121	C0001645
28272254	538	548	regression	T046	C0597370
28272254	552	555	LVH	T047	C0149721
28272254	580	588	analysis	T062	C0920317
28272254	596	603	compare	T052	C1707455
28272254	608	616	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28272254	620	626	FS-β-B	T121	C0304516
28272254	665	687	antihypertensive drugs	T121	C0003364
28272254	689	693	ACEI	T121	C0003015
28272254	695	699	ARBs	T121	C0815017
28272254	701	725	calcium channel blockers	T121	C0006684
28272254	727	731	CCBs	T121	C0006684
28272254	738	747	diuretics	T121	C0012798
28272254	752	762	regression	T046	C0597370
28272254	766	769	LVH	T047	C0149721
28272254	771	779	Relative	T080	C0205345
28272254	780	786	trials	T062	C0008976
28272254	810	816	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28272254	818	832	Web of Science	T170	C2349146
28272254	834	850	OVID EBM Reviews	T170	C0282443
28272254	855	873	Cochrane databases	T170	C0242356
28272254	892	898	papers	T170	C1706852
28272254	904	912	examined	T169	C1292732
28272254	948	956	Bayesian	T081,T170	C0026348
28272254	957	970	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28272254	974	1002	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28272254	1004	1008	RCTs	T062	C0206035
28272254	1020	1030	regression	T046	C0597370
28272254	1034	1037	LVH	T047	C0149721
28272254	1039	1059	Sensitivity analysis	T062	C0936012
28272254	1064	1083	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28272254	1130	1143	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28272254	1145	1167	Inconsistency analysis	T062	C0936012
28272254	1203	1211	analysis	T062	C0920317
28272254	1219	1225	trials	T062	C0008976
28272254	1233	1240	network	T081,T170	C0026348
28272254	1252	1262	consistent	T078	C0332290
28272254	1278	1282	RCTs	T062	C0206035
28272254	1298	1306	patients	T101	C0030705
28272254	1312	1314	HT	T047	C0020538
28272254	1319	1322	LVH	T047	C0149721
28272254	1345	1353	analysis	T062	C0920317
28272254	1355	1371	Bayesian network	T081,T170	C0026348
28272254	1372	1385	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28272254	1399	1424	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28272254	1451	1457	groups	T078	C0441833
28272254	1459	1465	FS-β-B	T121	C0304516
28272254	1470	1474	ACEI	T121	C0003015
28272254	1491	1493	CI	T081	C0009667
28272254	1510	1516	FS-β-B	T121	C0304516
28272254	1521	1524	ARB	T121	C0815017
28272254	1541	1543	Cl	T081	C0009667
28272254	1569	1575	FS-β-B	T121	C0304516
28272254	1591	1599	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28272254	1605	1613	compared	T052	C1707455
28272254	1619	1627	diuretic	T121	C0012798
28272254	1644	1646	CI	T081	C0009667
28272254	1664	1667	CCB	T121	C0006684
28272254	1684	1686	CI	T081	C0009667
28272254	1706	1719	probabilities	T081	C0033204
28272254	1744	1755	efficacious	T080	C1280519
28272254	1756	1766	treatments	T061	C0087111
28272254	1773	1779	FS-β-B	T121	C0304516
28272254	1787	1790	ARB	T121	C0815017
28272254	1798	1802	ACEI	T121	C0003015
28272254	1812	1815	CCB	T121	C0006684
28272254	1829	1837	diuretic	T121	C0012798
28272254	1865	1873	analysis	T062	C0920317
28272254	1887	1893	FS-β-B	T121	C0304516
28272254	1928	1945	therapeutic drugs	T121	C0013227
28272254	1949	1951	HT	T047	C0020538
28272254	1956	1959	LVH	T047	C0149721
28272254	1960	1968	patients	T101	C0030705
28272254	1988	1996	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28272254	2000	2006	FS-β-B	T121	C0304516
28272254	2010	2020	regression	T046	C0597370
28272254	2024	2027	LVH	T047	C0149721
28272254	2071	2078	quality	T080	C0332306
28272254	2079	2085	trials	T062	C0008976

28272842|t|Improved risk stratification for patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma following application of the Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology
28272842|a|The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology (TPS) requires 4 cytomorphologic criteria for a definitive diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) in urinary tract cytology (UTC) specimens: an elevated nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio (at or above 0.7), markedly atypical nuclear borders, moderate to severe hyperchromasia, and coarse chromatin. However, malignant UTC specimens often contain degenerative changes, and this limits the number of malignant cells meeting all 4 TPS cytomorphologic criteria. One hundred twelve UTC specimens from patients with a subsequent diagnosis of HGUC were reviewed and reclassified according to TPS criteria. The presence of TPS cytomorphologic criteria for HGUC in each specimen was recorded, as was the proportion of atypical cells meeting all 4 criteria. The number of specimens definitively diagnosed as HGUC did not significantly change upon reclassification. However, approximately 40% of indeterminate specimens (21 of 51) were reclassified into a higher risk category. The most restrictive cytomorphologic criterion was an N/C ratio of 0.7 or higher (seen in 78% of specimens), and approximately half of specimens containing all 4 cytomorphologic criteria did not meet TPS 's numerical criterion for HGUC (at least 5 malignant cells). In the majority of specimens qualifying for HGUC by TPS standards, only a small fraction of atypical cells (10%-20%) met all the criteria. When applied to malignant UTC specimens, TPS criteria improved specimen risk stratification by upgrading approximately 40% of indeterminate specimens into higher risk categories while not significantly changing the frequency of HGUC diagnoses. Cancer Cytopathol 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
28272842	0	8	Improved	T033	C0184511
28272842	9	13	risk	T078	C0035647
28272842	14	28	stratification	T062	C1514983
28272842	33	41	patients	T101	C0030705
28272842	58	78	urothelial carcinoma	T191	C2145472
28272842	108	113	Paris	T083	C0030561
28272842	114	120	System	T169	C0449913
28272842	125	134	Reporting	T058	C0700287
28272842	135	151	Urinary Cytology	T059	C2979983
28272842	156	161	Paris	T083	C0030561
28272842	162	168	System	T169	C0449913
28272842	173	182	Reporting	T058	C0700287
28272842	183	199	Urinary Cytology	T059	C2979983
28272842	201	204	TPS	T059	C2979983
28272842	217	232	cytomorphologic	T026	C0243092
28272842	233	241	criteria	T078	C0243161
28272842	259	268	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28272842	272	303	high-grade urothelial carcinoma	T191	C2145472
28272842	305	309	HGUC	T191	C2145472
28272842	314	336	urinary tract cytology	T059	C2979983
28272842	338	341	UTC	T059	C2979983
28272842	343	352	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	357	365	elevated	T080	C3163633
28272842	366	400	nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio	T049	C0333907
28272842	429	437	atypical	T080	C0205182
28272842	438	445	nuclear	T026	C0007610
28272842	446	453	borders	T082	C0205284
28272842	455	463	moderate	T080	C0205081
28272842	467	473	severe	T080	C0205082
28272842	474	488	hyperchromasia	T033	C0333910
28272842	494	510	coarse chromatin	T033	C1868540
28272842	521	530	malignant	T080	C0205282
28272842	531	534	UTC	T059	C2979983
28272842	535	544	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	559	571	degenerative	T169	C1880269
28272842	572	579	changes	T169	C0392747
28272842	611	626	malignant cells	T025	C0334227
28272842	641	644	TPS	T059	C2979983
28272842	645	660	cytomorphologic	T026	C0243092
28272842	661	669	criteria	T078	C0243161
28272842	690	693	UTC	T059	C2979983
28272842	694	703	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	709	717	patients	T101	C0030705
28272842	736	745	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28272842	749	753	HGUC	T191	C2145472
28272842	759	767	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28272842	772	784	reclassified	T080	C0205542
28272842	798	801	TPS	T059	C2979983
28272842	802	810	criteria	T078	C0243161
28272842	816	824	presence	T033	C0150312
28272842	828	831	TPS	T059	C2979983
28272842	832	847	cytomorphologic	T026	C0243092
28272842	848	856	criteria	T078	C0243161
28272842	861	865	HGUC	T191	C2145472
28272842	874	882	specimen	T167	C0370003
28272842	922	930	atypical	T080	C0205182
28272842	931	936	cells	T025	C0007634
28272842	951	959	criteria	T078	C0243161
28272842	975	984	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	998	1007	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28272842	1011	1015	HGUC	T191	C2145472
28272842	1024	1037	significantly	T078	C0750502
28272842	1038	1044	change	T169	C0392747
28272842	1050	1066	reclassification	T185	C0008902
28272842	1077	1090	approximately	T080	C0332232
28272842	1098	1111	indeterminate	T078	C0205258
28272842	1112	1121	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	1138	1150	reclassified	T080	C0205542
28272842	1165	1169	risk	T078	C0035647
28272842	1170	1178	category	T170	C0683312
28272842	1201	1216	cytomorphologic	T026	C0243092
28272842	1234	1243	N/C ratio	T049	C0333907
28272842	1277	1286	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	1293	1306	approximately	T080	C0332232
28272842	1315	1324	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	1315	1324	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	1342	1357	cytomorphologic	T026	C0243092
28272842	1358	1366	criteria	T078	C0243161
28272842	1380	1383	TPS	T059	C2979983
28272842	1411	1415	HGUC	T191	C2145472
28272842	1428	1443	malignant cells	T025	C0334227
28272842	1465	1474	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	1490	1494	HGUC	T191	C2145472
28272842	1498	1501	TPS	T059	C2979983
28272842	1526	1537	fraction of	T081	C1264633
28272842	1538	1546	atypical	T080	C0205182
28272842	1547	1552	cells	T025	C0007634
28272842	1575	1583	criteria	T078	C0243161
28272842	1601	1610	malignant	T080	C0205282
28272842	1611	1614	UTC	T059	C2979983
28272842	1615	1624	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	1626	1629	TPS	T059	C2979983
28272842	1630	1638	criteria	T078	C0243161
28272842	1639	1647	improved	T033	C0184511
28272842	1648	1656	specimen	T167	C0370003
28272842	1657	1661	risk	T078	C0035647
28272842	1662	1676	stratification	T062	C1514983
28272842	1690	1703	approximately	T080	C0332232
28272842	1711	1724	indeterminate	T078	C0205258
28272842	1725	1734	specimens	T167	C0370003
28272842	1747	1751	risk	T078	C0035647
28272842	1752	1762	categories	T170	C0683312
28272842	1773	1786	significantly	T078	C0750502
28272842	1787	1795	changing	T169	C0392747
28272842	1800	1809	frequency	T079	C0376249
28272842	1813	1817	HGUC	T191	C2145472
28272842	1818	1827	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28272842	1829	1835	Cancer	T191	C0006826
28272842	1860	1883	American Cancer Society	T094	C0002455

28273224|t|Emergency cricothyrotomy: temporary measure or definitive airway? A systematic review
28273224|a|Being a fast and safe method in the hands of well trained professionals in both prehospital and intrahospital care, Cricothyrotomy has been broadly recommended as the initial surgical airway in the scenario " can't intubate, can't ventilate ", and is particularly useful when the obstruction level is above or at the glottis. Its prolonged permanence, however, is an endless source of controversy. In this review we evaluate the complications of cricothyrotomy and the need of its routine conversion to tracheotomy through a search on PubMed, LILACS and SciELO electronic databases with no restriction to the year or language of the publication. In total, we identified 791 references, retrieved 20 full text articles, and included nine studies in our review. The incidence of short-term complications ranged from zero to 31.6%, and the long-term complications, from zero to 7.86%. Subglotic stenosis was the main long-term reported complication, even though it was quite infrequent, occurring only in 2.9 to 5%. The frequency of conversion to tracheostomy varied from zero to 100%. Although a small frequency of long-term complications was found for emergency cricothyrotomy, the studies' low level of evidence does not allow the recommendation of routine use of cricothyrotomy as a secure definitive airway.
28273224	0	9	Emergency	T079	C0175673
28273224	10	24	cricothyrotomy	T061	C3826502
28273224	26	35	temporary	T079	C0205374
28273224	36	43	measure	T081	C0079809
28273224	47	57	definitive	T079	C0443196
28273224	58	64	airway	T023	C0458827
28273224	68	85	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28273224	94	98	fast	T080	C0456962
28273224	103	114	safe method	T170	C0025663
28273224	131	157	well trained professionals	T097	C0679924
28273224	166	177	prehospital	T058	C2735050
28273224	182	200	intrahospital care	T058	C0086388
28273224	202	216	Cricothyrotomy	T061	C3826502
28273224	234	245	recommended	T078	C0034866
28273224	261	276	surgical airway	T061	C0087111
28273224	295	326	can't intubate, can't ventilate	T033	C4273754
28273224	366	383	obstruction level	T082	C0449824
28273224	403	410	glottis	T029	C0017681
28273224	416	425	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28273224	426	436	permanence	T079	C0547050
28273224	515	528	complications	T046	C0009566
28273224	532	546	cricothyrotomy	T061	C3826502
28273224	567	574	routine	T080	C0205547
28273224	575	585	conversion	T169	C0439836
28273224	589	600	tracheotomy	T061	C0040591
28273224	621	627	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28273224	629	635	LILACS	T170	C0242356
28273224	640	646	SciELO	T170	C0242356
28273224	647	667	electronic databases	T170	C3841595
28273224	676	687	restriction	T169	C0443288
28273224	695	699	year	T079	C0439234
28273224	703	711	language	T171	C0023008
28273224	719	730	publication	T073,T170	C0034036
28273224	745	755	identified	T080	C0205396
28273224	760	770	references	T170	C1514811
28273224	785	803	full text articles	T170	C1706852
28273224	823	830	studies	T062	C2603343
28273224	838	844	review	T078	C1552617
28273224	863	873	short-term	T079	C0443303
28273224	874	887	complications	T046	C0009566
28273224	923	932	long-term	T079	C0443252
28273224	933	946	complications	T046	C0009566
28273224	968	986	Subglotic stenosis	T190	C0238441
28273224	1000	1009	long-term	T079	C0443252
28273224	1019	1031	complication	T046	C0009566
28273224	1058	1068	infrequent	T079	C0521114
28273224	1103	1112	frequency	T079	C0439603
28273224	1116	1126	conversion	T169	C0439836
28273224	1130	1142	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
28273224	1186	1195	frequency	T079	C0439603
28273224	1199	1208	long-term	T079	C0443252
28273224	1209	1222	complications	T046	C0009566
28273224	1237	1246	emergency	T079	C0175673
28273224	1247	1261	cricothyrotomy	T061	C3826502
28273224	1289	1297	evidence	T078	C3887511
28273224	1317	1331	recommendation	T078	C0034866
28273224	1335	1342	routine	T080	C0205547
28273224	1343	1349	use of	T169	C1524063
28273224	1350	1364	cricothyrotomy	T061	C3826502
28273224	1377	1387	definitive	T079	C0443196
28273224	1388	1394	airway	T023	C0458827

28273336|t|Questionable diagnostic benefit of the commercially available panel of bee venom components
28273336|a|For many years, only the major allergen rApi m 1 has been available on the ImmunoCAP system for routine diagnosis of bee venom (BV) allergy. Now, there are five components available, and we aimed to detect the sensitivity and specificity of rApi m 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 in BV-allergic patients. We further evaluated the sensitivity of rApi m 1 and 2 of an alternative platform and investigated possible differences in the sensitization profile between monosensitization and clinically relevant double sensitization. Analysis of the whole panel of BV allergens of the CAP system still resulted in a lower sensitivity than analysis of the combination of rApi m 1 and 2 of the Immulite (71.6% vs 85.8%). Sensitization rate of rApi m 5 was more than doubled in double-sensitized patients, while there was no difference for rApi m 2. The benefit of the commercially available panel of BV components is questionable, due to the insufficient sensitivity and still unavailable important cross-reacting allergens.
28273336	13	23	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28273336	24	31	benefit	T081	C0814225
28273336	71	80	bee venom	T116,T123,T131	C0004920
28273336	81	91	components	T077	C1705248
28273336	101	106	years	T079	C0439234
28273336	123	131	allergen	T129	C0002092
28273336	132	140	rApi m 1	T129	C0002092
28273336	167	183	ImmunoCAP system	T170	C0282574
28273336	196	205	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28273336	209	231	bee venom (BV) allergy	T046	C1828283
28273336	253	263	components	T077	C1705248
28273336	302	313	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28273336	318	329	specificity	T081	C1511884
28273336	333	341	rApi m 1	T129	C0002092
28273336	343	344	2	T129	C0002092
28273336	346	347	3	T129	C0002092
28273336	349	350	5	T129	C0002092
28273336	356	358	10	T129	C0002092
28273336	362	373	BV-allergic	T046	C1828283
28273336	374	382	patients	T101	C0030705
28273336	409	420	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28273336	424	432	rApi m 1	T129	C0002092
28273336	437	438	2	T129	C0002092
28273336	470	482	investigated	T169	C1292732
28273336	511	524	sensitization	T040	C1325847
28273336	541	558	monosensitization	T040	C1325847
28273336	583	603	double sensitization	T040	C1325847
28273336	605	613	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28273336	636	638	BV	T116,T123,T131	C0004920
28273336	639	648	allergens	T129	C0002092
28273336	656	666	CAP system	T170	C0282574
28273336	693	704	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28273336	710	718	analysis	T062	C0936012
28273336	741	749	rApi m 1	T129	C0002092
28273336	754	755	2	T129	C0002092
28273336	763	771	Immulite	T073	C3829562
28273336	790	803	Sensitization	T040	C1325847
28273336	804	808	rate	T081	C1521828
28273336	812	820	rApi m 5	T129	C0002092
28273336	846	863	double-sensitized	T040	C1325847
28273336	864	872	patients	T101	C0030705
28273336	908	916	rApi m 2	T129	C0002092
28273336	922	929	benefit	T081	C0814225
28273336	969	971	BV	T116,T123,T131	C0004920
28273336	972	982	components	T077	C1705248
28273336	1011	1023	insufficient	T080	C0231180
28273336	1024	1035	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28273336	1068	1082	cross-reacting	T044	C0010357
28273336	1083	1092	allergens	T129	C0002092

28273482|t|Orai1 -Mediated Antimicrobial Secretion from Pancreatic Acini Shapes the Gut Microbiome and Regulates Gut Innate Immunity
28273482|a|The gut microbiome participates in numerous physiologic functions and communicates intimately with the host immune system. Antimicrobial peptides are critica l components of intestinal innate immunity. We report a prominent role for antimicrobials secreted by pancreatic acini in shaping the gut microbiome that is essential for intestinal innate immunity, barrier function, and survival. Deletion of the Ca(2+) channel Orai1 in pancreatic acini of adult mice resulted in 60%-70% mortality within 3 weeks. Despite robust activation of the intestinal innate immune response, mice lacking acinar Orai1 exhibited intestinal bacterial outgrowth and dysbiosis, ultimately causing systemic translocation, inflammation, and death. While digestive enzyme supplementation was ineffective, treatments constraining bacterial outgrowth (purified liquid diet, broad-spectrum antibiotics) rescued survival, feeding, and weight gain. Pancreatic levels of cathelicidin -related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) were reduced, and supplement of synthetic CRAMP prevented intestinal disease. These findings reveal a critical role for antimicrobial pancreatic secretion in gut innate immunity.
28273482	0	5	Orai1	T116,T123	C4255013
28273482	16	29	Antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28273482	30	39	Secretion	T031	C0036537
28273482	45	61	Pancreatic Acini	T023	C0227578
28273482	73	87	Gut Microbiome	T001	C4018878
28273482	92	101	Regulates	T040	C1155268
28273482	102	105	Gut	T023	C0699819
28273482	106	121	Innate Immunity	T032	C0020969
28273482	126	140	gut microbiome	T001	C4018878
28273482	166	187	physiologic functions	T039	C1254359
28273482	192	204	communicates	T033	C0566001
28273482	225	229	host	T001	C1167395
28273482	230	243	immune system	T022	C0020962
28273482	245	267	Antimicrobial peptides	T116,T121	C4084937
28273482	272	279	critica	T080	C1511545
28273482	282	292	components	T116,T123	C1179435
28273482	296	306	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28273482	307	322	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
28273482	336	345	prominent	T080	C0205402
28273482	355	378	antimicrobials secreted	T043	C1819788
28273482	382	398	pancreatic acini	T023	C0227578
28273482	414	428	gut microbiome	T001	C4018878
28273482	451	461	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28273482	462	477	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
28273482	479	495	barrier function	T042	C1254358
28273482	501	509	survival	T169	C0220921
28273482	511	519	Deletion	T052	C1880274
28273482	527	547	Ca(2+) channel Orai1	T028	C1823405
28273482	551	567	pancreatic acini	T023	C0227578
28273482	577	581	mice	T015	C0026809
28273482	602	611	mortality	T081	C0026565
28273482	643	694	activation of the intestinal innate immune response	T040	C1817386
28273482	696	700	mice	T015	C0026809
28273482	709	715	acinar	T082	C0332207
28273482	716	721	Orai1	T028	C1823405
28273482	732	742	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28273482	743	752	bacterial	T080	C0521009
28273482	753	762	outgrowth	T043	C0007613
28273482	767	776	dysbiosis	T184	C4287543
28273482	797	805	systemic	T169	C0205373
28273482	806	819	translocation	T043	C0599718
28273482	821	833	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28273482	839	844	death	T040	C0011065
28273482	852	868	digestive enzyme	T116,T121,T126	C0544420
28273482	869	884	supplementation	T061	C0948571
28273482	889	900	ineffective	T078	C3242229
28273482	902	912	treatments	T061	C0087111
28273482	926	935	bacterial	T080	C0521009
28273482	936	945	outgrowth	T043	C0007613
28273482	947	955	purified	T169	C1998793
28273482	956	967	liquid diet	T061	C0301571
28273482	969	995	broad-spectrum antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28273482	1005	1013	survival	T169	C0220921
28273482	1015	1022	feeding	T052	C2987508
28273482	1028	1039	weight gain	T033	C0043094
28273482	1041	1058	Pancreatic levels	T034	C1306845
28273482	1062	1074	cathelicidin	T116,T123	C0671062
28273482	1084	1105	antimicrobial peptide	T116,T121	C4084937
28273482	1107	1112	CRAMP	T116,T121	C4084937
28273482	1119	1126	reduced	T080	C0392756
28273482	1132	1142	supplement	T169	C2348609
28273482	1156	1161	CRAMP	T116,T121	C4084937
28273482	1172	1190	intestinal disease	T047	C0021831
28273482	1198	1206	findings	T033	C0243095
28273482	1216	1224	critical	T080	C1511545
28273482	1234	1247	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28273482	1248	1268	pancreatic secretion	T042	C0232787
28273482	1272	1275	gut	T023	C0699819
28273482	1276	1291	innate immunity	T032	C0020969

28273985|t|Giant Antrochoanal Polyp -A Rare Presentation
28273985|a|Antrochoanal polyp (ACP), also called as Killian polyp, is an infrequent, benign lesion of maxillary origin in non-atopic patients. The antrochoanal polyp is shaped according to the anatomical constraints of the lateral nasal wall, particularly the middle meatus and antrum, resembling typically a dumbbell. Here presenting a common problem with unusual presentation.
28273985	0	5	Giant	T025	C0017526
28273985	6	24	Antrochoanal Polyp	T191	C0008298
28273985	28	32	Rare	T080	C0522498
28273985	33	45	Presentation	T078	C0449450
28273985	46	64	Antrochoanal polyp	T191	C0008298
28273985	66	69	ACP	T191	C0008298
28273985	87	100	Killian polyp	T191	C0008298
28273985	120	133	benign lesion	T033	C0221198
28273985	137	146	maxillary	T023	C0024947
28273985	168	176	patients	T101	C0030705
28273985	182	200	antrochoanal polyp	T191	C0008298
28273985	228	238	anatomical	T080	C0220784
28273985	258	276	lateral nasal wall	T029	C0456482
28273985	295	308	middle meatus	T023	C0225401
28273985	313	319	antrum	T023	C1549092
28273985	344	352	dumbbell	T082	C0686912
28273985	379	386	problem	T033	C0033213
28273985	392	399	unusual	T080	C2700116
28273985	400	412	presentation	T078	C0449450

28274070|t|A Rare Case Report of Spindle Cell Ameloblastic Carcinoma Involving the Mandible
28274070|a|Ameloblastic Carcinoma (AC) is uncommon malignant epithelial odontogenic tumour of jaw, with characteristic histologic features and behavior. Clinically, it has aggressive, infiltrative growth pattern with a distinct predilection for mandible. It exhibits histologic features of ameloblastoma and gets dedifferentiated overtime to culminate in carcinoma. Majority of the cases arise denovo (primary) and only few cases arise from a pre-existing ameloblastoma (secondary). Spindle-cell differentiation in ameloblastic carcinoma is rare; Salter described it as a separate entity " low-grade spindle cell ameloblastic carcinoma. Here we report a case of 32- year-old female patient who presented with a swelling present for past six months. It was diagnosed as Spindle cell Ameloblastic Carcinoma (SpAC), after the hemimandibulectomy the patient was under regular follow up for 14 months, no sign of recurrence was seen.
28274070	2	6	Rare	T080	C0522498
28274070	7	18	Case Report	T170	C0007320
28274070	22	34	Spindle Cell	T025	C0682540
28274070	35	57	Ameloblastic Carcinoma	T191	C1314678
28274070	72	80	Mandible	T023	C0024687
28274070	81	103	Ameloblastic Carcinoma	T191	C1314678
28274070	105	107	AC	T191	C1314678
28274070	112	120	uncommon	T080	C0522498
28274070	121	141	malignant epithelial	T191	C0007097
28274070	142	167	odontogenic tumour of jaw	T191	C0349570
28274070	174	188	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28274070	189	208	histologic features	T201	C1301121
28274070	213	221	behavior	T169	C0475436
28274070	223	233	Clinically	T080	C0205210
28274070	242	252	aggressive	T079	C0580822
28274070	254	281	infiltrative growth pattern	T033	C1512752
28274070	298	310	predilection	T078	C0558295
28274070	315	323	mandible	T023	C0024687
28274070	328	336	exhibits	T033	C0150312
28274070	337	356	histologic features	T201	C1301121
28274070	360	373	ameloblastoma	T191	C0002448
28274070	383	399	dedifferentiated	T043	C2248595
28274070	412	421	culminate	T078	C0085978
28274070	425	434	carcinoma	T191	C0007097
28274070	452	457	cases	T169	C0868928
28274070	458	463	arise	T079	C0439659
28274070	464	470	denovo	T080	C0205225
28274070	472	479	primary	T080	C0205225
28274070	494	499	cases	T169	C0868928
28274070	500	505	arise	T079	C0439659
28274070	513	525	pre-existing	T080	C2347662
28274070	526	539	ameloblastoma	T191	C0002448
28274070	541	550	secondary	T191	C0085668
28274070	553	565	Spindle-cell	T025	C0682540
28274070	566	581	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28274070	585	607	ameloblastic carcinoma	T191	C1314678
28274070	611	615	rare	T080	C0522498
28274070	617	623	Salter	T170	C0805191
28274070	642	650	separate	T080	C0443299
28274070	651	657	entity	T071	C1551338
28274070	660	669	low-grade	T191	C0079747
28274070	670	682	spindle cell	T025	C0682540
28274070	683	705	ameloblastic carcinoma	T191	C1314678
28274070	715	721	report	T170	C0684224
28274070	724	728	case	T169	C0868928
28274070	736	744	year-old	T079	C1510829
28274070	745	759	female patient	T032	C0150905
28274070	764	773	presented	T078	C0449450
28274070	781	789	swelling	T033	C0038999
28274070	790	797	present	T033	C0150312
28274070	811	817	months	T079	C0439231
28274070	826	835	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28274070	839	851	Spindle cell	T025	C0682540
28274070	852	874	Ameloblastic Carcinoma	T191	C1314678
28274070	876	880	SpAC	T191	C1314678
28274070	893	911	hemimandibulectomy	T061	C0185567
28274070	916	923	patient	T101	C0030705
28274070	934	941	regular	T080	C0205272
28274070	942	951	follow up	T058	C1522577
28274070	959	965	months	T079	C0439231
28274070	970	974	sign	T184	C0037088
28274070	978	988	recurrence	T067	C0034897

28274077|t|Palliative Care with Attachment Hybrid Removable Prosthesis
28274077|a|Abutment injury, unsatisfactory aesthetics and lesser retention exist with the cast partial denture. Though these constraints exist in the Removable Partial Denture (RPD) it is still widely used because of the simplicity in design, fabrication, economics and patient comfort. This clinical report describes a hybrid RPD technique which uses extra coronal attachment that reduces the limitations and provides better comfort for the patient.
28274077	0	15	Palliative Care	T091	C0030231
28274077	21	31	Attachment	T052	C1947904
28274077	32	59	Hybrid Removable Prosthesis	T061	C3642532
28274077	60	68	Abutment	T023	C0545406
28274077	69	75	injury	T037	C0178314
28274077	77	91	unsatisfactory	T080	C0439856
28274077	92	102	aesthetics	T090	C0014901
28274077	114	123	retention	T061	C0011397
28274077	139	159	cast partial denture	UnknownType	C0545391
28274077	199	224	Removable Partial Denture	T074	C0011463
28274077	226	229	RPD	T074	C0011463
28274077	284	290	design	T058	C0011395
28274077	292	303	fabrication	T067	C1254366
28274077	305	314	economics	T169	C0013557
28274077	319	334	patient comfort	T058	C4277744
28274077	341	356	clinical report	T170	C1299495
28274077	376	379	RPD	T074	C0011463
28274077	380	389	technique	T169	C0449851
28274077	407	414	coronal	T082	C0205123
28274077	415	425	attachment	T052	C1947904
28274077	431	438	reduces	T080	C0392756
28274077	475	482	comfort	T041	C1331418
28274077	491	498	patient	T101	C0030705

28274163|t|Biomarkers for predicting spontaneous preterm birth: an umbrella systematic review
28274163|a|To identify all systematic reviews investigating the role of maternal and fetal biomarkers for predicting spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). Medline and Web of Sciences databases were searched electronically. Studies exploring the association between maternal biomarkers and spontaneous delivery were considered suitable for inclusion. A synthesis of the systematic reviews was performed with the umbrella methodology. Statistical measures of association (Odd ratio, OR, relative risk, RR) and predictive accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were used to synthesize results of the included studies. 21,614 articles were identified, 542 were assessed with respect to their eligibility for inclusion and 14 systematic reviews included. Cervical fibronectin was the biomarkers which showed the highest strength of association with the occurrence of SPTB (delivery within 24 h OR 7, 95%CI 3-17; delivery <7 days (OR 12, 95%CI 8-16). Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein, was associated with an OR of 4 and 3 for early and late SPTB. C-reactive protein had an OR of 2 (95%CI 1-2) and 8 (95%CI 4-16) when detected in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid, respectively. Among cytokines, interleukin-6 had an OR and an LR + for SPTB of 2 and 12 when detected in maternal serum. Cervical fetal fibronectin, alpha fetoprotein, C- reactive protein and interleukin 6 can have an overall good diagnostic accuracy in identifying pregnancies at risk of SPTB. Large prospective studies in different sub-set of women are needed to ascertain whether the combination of different serological and imaging marker can improve antenatal prediction of this condition.
28274163	0	10	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28274163	15	25	predicting	T078	C0681842
28274163	26	51	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
28274163	56	82	umbrella systematic review	T170	C1955832
28274163	99	117	systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
28274163	118	131	investigating	T169	C1292732
28274163	144	152	maternal	T033	C1858460
28274163	157	162	fetal	T169	C0521457
28274163	163	173	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28274163	178	188	predicting	T078	C0681842
28274163	189	214	spontaneous preterm birth	T033	C3827961
28274163	216	220	SPTB	T033	C3827961
28274163	223	230	Medline	T170	C0025141
28274163	235	260	Web of Sciences databases	T170	C0242356
28274163	291	298	Studies	T062	C2603343
28274163	313	324	association	T067	C0596306
28274163	333	341	maternal	T033	C1858460
28274163	342	352	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28274163	357	377	spontaneous delivery	T040	C1389695
28274163	407	416	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28274163	420	429	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28274163	437	455	systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
28274163	460	469	performed	T169	C0884358
28274163	479	499	umbrella methodology	T078	C3266812
28274163	501	521	Statistical measures	T081	C0871425
28274163	525	536	association	T067	C0596306
28274163	538	547	Odd ratio	T081	C0028873
28274163	549	551	OR	T081	C0028873
28274163	553	566	relative risk	T081	C0242492
28274163	568	570	RR	T081	C0242492
28274163	576	586	predictive	T080	C0681890
28274163	587	595	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28274163	597	608	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28274163	610	621	specificity	T081	C0037791
28274163	623	662	positive and negative likelihood ratios	T081	C0150102
28274163	676	686	synthesize	T052	C1883254
28274163	687	694	results	T169	C1274040
28274163	711	718	studies	T062	C2603343
28274163	727	735	articles	T170	C1706852
28274163	762	770	assessed	T052	C1516048
28274163	793	804	eligibility	T080	C1548635
28274163	809	818	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28274163	826	844	systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
28274163	855	863	Cervical	T082	C0205064
28274163	855	875	Cervical fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
28274163	884	894	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28274163	912	928	highest strength	T081	C1705922
28274163	932	943	association	T067	C0596306
28274163	953	963	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28274163	967	971	SPTB	T033	C3827961
28274163	973	981	delivery	T040	C0005615
28274163	994	996	OR	T081	C0028873
28274163	1012	1020	delivery	T040	C0005615
28274163	1024	1028	days	T079	C0439228
28274163	1030	1032	OR	T081	C0028873
28274163	1050	1082	Maternal serum alpha fetoprotein	T059	C1271652
28274163	1088	1103	associated with	T080	C0332281
28274163	1107	1109	OR	T081	C0028873
28274163	1140	1144	SPTB	T033	C3827961
28274163	1146	1164	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
28274163	1172	1174	OR	T081	C0028873
28274163	1216	1224	detected	T033	C0442726
28274163	1228	1236	maternal	T033	C1858460
28274163	1237	1243	plasma	T031	C0032105
28274163	1248	1262	amniotic fluid	T031	C0002638
28274163	1284	1293	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28274163	1295	1308	interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28274163	1316	1318	OR	T081	C0028873
28274163	1335	1339	SPTB	T033	C3827961
28274163	1357	1365	detected	T033	C0442726
28274163	1369	1377	maternal	T033	C1858460
28274163	1378	1383	serum	T031	C0229671
28274163	1385	1393	Cervical	T082	C0205064
28274163	1394	1411	fetal fibronectin	T116,T123	C0806123
28274163	1413	1430	alpha fetoprotein	T116,T123	C0002210
28274163	1432	1451	C- reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
28274163	1456	1469	interleukin 6	T116,T129	C0021760
28274163	1490	1514	good diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28274163	1530	1549	pregnancies at risk	T046	C0242786
28274163	1553	1557	SPTB	T033	C3827961
28274163	1565	1584	prospective studies	T062	C0033522
28274163	1609	1614	women	T098	C0043210
28274163	1676	1687	serological	T169	C0205473
28274163	1692	1706	imaging marker	T080	C0008963
28274163	1719	1728	antenatal	T079	C2828394
28274163	1729	1739	prediction	T078	C0681842

28274448|t|Partial biochemical characterization of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase extracted from eggs of hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)
28274448|a|Biochemical characteristics of Cu,Zn-SOD derived from hen egg white and egg yolk were determined, and compared with those of enzymes from erythrocytes of hens and SOD standard. The presence of dimer with a molecular weight of 33.38±0.34kDa, and pI of 6.30±0.15 was confirmed in samples of SOD extracted from egg yolk. Cu,Zn-SOD isolated from egg yolk had an optimum at pH 6. Average SOD activity in egg yolk was 98.5±19.5U·g(-1) while in egg white reached 6.1±0.8U·g(-1). Changes in SOD activity of the egg yolk during its storage for 200 days were also described. FTIR analysis confirmed that the enzymatic protein described in this study was SOD, while MALDI-TOF analysis confirmed only SOD from erythrocytes. Since eggs are a cheap and easily obtainable source of SOD, this enzymatic protein could be used in food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries.
28274448	8	19	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28274448	20	36	characterization	T052	C1880022
28274448	40	66	Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase	T116,T126	C0010461
28274448	67	76	extracted	T061	C0185115
28274448	82	86	eggs	T168	C0013710
28274448	90	94	hens	T012	C0008051
28274448	96	120	Gallus gallus domesticus	T012	C0008051
28274448	122	133	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
28274448	134	149	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28274448	153	162	Cu,Zn-SOD	T116,T126	C0010461
28274448	176	179	hen	T012	C0008051
28274448	180	189	egg white	T168	C0013704
28274448	194	202	egg yolk	T168	C0013707
28274448	247	254	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28274448	260	272	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
28274448	276	280	hens	T012	C0008051
28274448	285	288	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28274448	289	297	standard	T081	C0034925
28274448	315	320	dimer	T104	C0596448
28274448	328	344	molecular weight	T081	C0026385
28274448	367	369	pI	T081	C0022171
28274448	411	414	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28274448	415	424	extracted	T061	C0185115
28274448	430	438	egg yolk	T168	C0013707
28274448	440	449	Cu,Zn-SOD	T116,T126	C0010461
28274448	450	458	isolated	T169	C0205409
28274448	464	472	egg yolk	T168	C0013707
28274448	480	487	optimum	T080	C2698651
28274448	491	493	pH	T081	C0020283
28274448	505	517	SOD activity	T044	C1151619
28274448	521	529	egg yolk	T168	C0013707
28274448	560	569	egg white	T168	C0013704
28274448	605	617	SOD activity	T044	C1151619
28274448	625	633	egg yolk	T168	C0013707
28274448	645	652	storage	T169	C1698986
28274448	661	665	days	T079	C0439228
28274448	687	691	FTIR	T062	C0206055
28274448	692	700	analysis	T062	C0936012
28274448	720	737	enzymatic protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28274448	756	761	study	T062	C2603343
28274448	766	769	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28274448	777	786	MALDI-TOF	T062	C1518101
28274448	787	795	analysis	T062	C0936012
28274448	811	814	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28274448	820	832	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
28274448	840	844	eggs	T168	C0013710
28274448	889	892	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28274448	899	916	enzymatic protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28274448	934	938	food	T057	C0524863
28274448	940	948	cosmetic	T057	C0021267
28274448	952	977	pharmaceutical industries	T093	C0013185

28274609|t|Tongxinluo improves cognition by decreasing β-amyloid in spontaneous hypertensive rats
28274609|a|β-Amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is the major pathophysiology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Hypertension is a risk factor for AD by promoting Aβ deposition. Traditional Chinese medicinal compound tongxinluo (TXL) can improve blood circulation and endothelium -dependent vasodilation. This study investigates the effects of TXL on cognition and Aβ using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). TXL was intragastrically administered to SHRs at low-dose, mid- dose and high-dose for 15, 30 or 60 days. Cognition was evaluated with a Morris Water Maze (MWM). Aβ in the brain was detected by western blot, ELISA and Thioflavin-S staining. Western blot and RT-PCR were employed to exam the expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) and amyloid precursor protein (APP). After TXL treatment for 60 days, compared with the vehicle, the number of crossed platform and the time spent in the target quadrant increased in parallel with the increasing length of treatment in MWM. Moreover, the Aβ in the hippocampus significantly decreased compared to the vehicle group, both in western blot and ELISA. Additionally, TXL reduced RAGE expression in a dose - and time -depended manner, but LRP-1 expression had no difference between TXL groups and vehicle groups. Furthermore, the β-secretase expression was significantly decreased compared to the vehicle group, but APP expression had no difference. In conclusion, TXL improved cognition and decreased Aβ in SHRs in a dose - and time -dependent manner, the underlying mechanism may involved in inhibiting RAGE and β-secretase expression.
28274609	0	10	Tongxinluo	T123	C1742872
28274609	11	19	improves	T033	C0184511
28274609	20	29	cognition	T041	C0009240
28274609	33	43	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28274609	44	53	β-amyloid	T116	C3484390
28274609	57	86	spontaneous hypertensive rats	T015	C0034705
28274609	87	96	β-Amyloid	T116	C3484390
28274609	98	100	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28274609	102	114	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28274609	122	127	brain	T023	C0006104
28274609	141	156	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28274609	160	177	Alzheimer disease	T047	C0002395
28274609	179	181	AD	T047	C0002395
28274609	184	196	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
28274609	202	213	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28274609	218	220	AD	T047	C0002395
28274609	224	233	promoting	T052	C0033414
28274609	234	236	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28274609	237	247	deposition	T169	C0333562
28274609	249	278	Traditional Chinese medicinal	T091	C0025124
28274609	279	287	compound	T121	C0013229
28274609	288	298	tongxinluo	T123	C1742872
28274609	300	303	TXL	T123	C1742872
28274609	317	334	blood circulation	T039	C0005775
28274609	339	350	endothelium	T024	C0014257
28274609	362	374	vasodilation	T042	C0042401
28274609	381	386	study	T062	C2603343
28274609	387	399	investigates	T169	C1292732
28274609	404	414	effects of	T080	C1704420
28274609	415	418	TXL	T123	C1742872
28274609	422	431	cognition	T041	C0009240
28274609	436	438	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28274609	445	476	spontaneously hypertensive rats	T015	C0034705
28274609	478	482	SHRs	T015	C0034705
28274609	485	488	TXL	T123	C1742872
28274609	510	522	administered	T169	C1521801
28274609	526	530	SHRs	T015	C0034705
28274609	534	542	low-dose	T081	C0445550
28274609	549	553	dose	T081	C0178602
28274609	558	567	high-dose	T081	C0444956
28274609	585	589	days	T079	C0439228
28274609	591	600	Cognition	T041	C0009240
28274609	605	614	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28274609	622	639	Morris Water Maze	T059	C0022885
28274609	641	644	MWM	T059	C0022885
28274609	647	649	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28274609	657	662	brain	T023	C0006104
28274609	667	675	detected	T033	C0442726
28274609	679	691	western blot	T059	C0949466
28274609	693	698	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28274609	703	715	Thioflavin-S	T109,T130	C0952039
28274609	716	724	staining	T059	C0487602
28274609	726	738	Western blot	T059	C0949466
28274609	743	749	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28274609	776	786	expression	T045	C0597360
28274609	790	834	receptor for advanced glycation end products	T116,T192	C0101725
28274609	836	840	RAGE	T116,T192	C0101725
28274609	843	893	low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1	T116,T192	C0051300
28274609	895	900	LRP-1	T116,T192	C0051300
28274609	906	931	amyloid precursor protein	T116	C0085151
28274609	933	936	APP	T116	C0085151
28274609	945	948	TXL	T123	C1742872
28274609	949	958	treatment	T169	C1522326
28274609	966	970	days	T079	C0439228
28274609	1103	1120	increasing length	T033	C0425939
28274609	1124	1133	treatment	T169	C1522326
28274609	1137	1140	MWM	T059	C0022885
28274609	1156	1158	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28274609	1166	1177	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28274609	1192	1201	decreased	T081	C0205216
28274609	1241	1253	western blot	T059	C0949466
28274609	1258	1263	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28274609	1279	1282	TXL	T123	C1742872
28274609	1291	1295	RAGE	T116,T192	C0101725
28274609	1296	1306	expression	T045	C1171362
28274609	1312	1316	dose	T081	C0178602
28274609	1323	1327	time	T079	C0040223
28274609	1350	1355	LRP-1	T116,T192	C0051300
28274609	1356	1366	expression	T045	C1171362
28274609	1371	1384	no difference	T033	C3842396
28274609	1393	1396	TXL	T123	C1742872
28274609	1441	1452	β-secretase	T116,T126	C1454853
28274609	1453	1463	expression	T045	C1171362
28274609	1482	1491	decreased	T081	C0205216
28274609	1527	1530	APP	T116	C0085151
28274609	1531	1541	expression	T045	C1171362
28274609	1546	1559	no difference	T033	C3842396
28274609	1576	1579	TXL	T123	C1742872
28274609	1589	1598	cognition	T041	C0009240
28274609	1603	1612	decreased	T081	C0205216
28274609	1613	1615	Aβ	T116	C3484390
28274609	1619	1623	SHRs	T015	C0034705
28274609	1629	1633	dose	T081	C0178602
28274609	1640	1644	time	T079	C0040223
28274609	1679	1688	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28274609	1705	1715	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28274609	1716	1720	RAGE	T116,T192	C0101725
28274609	1725	1736	β-secretase	T116,T126	C1454853
28274609	1737	1747	expression	T045	C1171362

28274612|t|Effects of obesity on IL-33 / ST2 system in heart, adipose tissue and liver: study in the experimental model of Zucker rats
28274612|a|Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) mediates the effect of Interleukin-33 (IL-33). Few data are reported on the relationship between IL-33 / ST2 and obesity. We aimed to investigate effects of obesity on IL-33 / ST2 system in heart, adipose tissue and liver in a rodent model of obesity. The relationship of cardiac expression of IL-33 / ST2 system with natriuretic peptides (NPs) system and inflammatory mediators was also studied. mRNA expression of IL-33 / ST2 system was evaluated in cardiac, adipose and hepatic biopsies from obese Zucker rats (O) and controls (CO). Expression levels of sST2 was significantly lower in O rats compared with CO (p<0.05) in all tissues. Besides, the mRNA levels of IL-33 decreased significant in fat of O respect to CO, while, expression levels of ST2L was significantly higher in liver of CO than in O. A strong relationship of IL-33 / ST2 with NPs and classical inflammatory mediators was observed in cardiac tissue. Expression of sST2 in cardiac, adipose and liver tissue decreased in O compared with controls, suggesting an involvement for IL-33 / ST2 system in molecular mechanisms of obesity. The strong relationships with NP systems and inflammatory mediators could suggest an involvement for IL-33 / ST2 in molecular pathways leading to cardiac dysfunction and inflammation associated with obesity.
28274612	0	7	Effects	T080	C1280500
28274612	11	18	obesity	T047	C0028754
28274612	22	27	IL-33	T116,T123	C2976122
28274612	30	33	ST2	T116,T192	C3849696
28274612	34	40	system	T169	C0449913
28274612	44	49	heart	T023	C0018787
28274612	51	65	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
28274612	70	75	liver	T023	C0023884
28274612	77	82	study	T062	C0008972
28274612	90	108	experimental model	T170	C0086272
28274612	112	123	Zucker rats	T015	C0034719
28274612	124	155	Suppression of tumorigenicity 2	T116,T192	C3849696
28274612	157	160	ST2	T116,T192	C3849696
28274612	175	181	effect	T080	C1280500
28274612	185	199	Interleukin-33	T116,T123	C2976122
28274612	201	206	IL-33	T116,T123	C2976122
28274612	238	250	relationship	T080	C0439849
28274612	259	264	IL-33	T116,T123	C2976122
28274612	267	270	ST2	T116,T192	C3849696
28274612	275	282	obesity	T047	C0028754
28274612	308	315	effects	T080	C1280500
28274612	319	326	obesity	T047	C0028754
28274612	330	335	IL-33	T116,T123	C2976122
28274612	338	341	ST2	T116,T192	C3849696
28274612	342	348	system	T169	C0449913
28274612	352	357	heart	T023	C0018787
28274612	359	373	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
28274612	378	383	liver	T023	C0023884
28274612	389	401	rodent model	T050	C1519106
28274612	405	412	obesity	T047	C0028754
28274612	418	430	relationship	T080	C0439849
28274612	434	441	cardiac	T024	C1272575
28274612	442	452	expression	T045	C1171362
28274612	456	461	IL-33	T116,T123	C2976122
28274612	464	467	ST2	T116,T192	C3849696
28274612	468	474	system	T169	C0449913
28274612	480	500	natriuretic peptides	T116,T121,T125	C1144709
28274612	502	505	NPs	T116,T121,T125	C1144709
28274612	507	513	system	T169	C0449913
28274612	518	540	inflammatory mediators	T038	C3155540
28274612	559	574	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28274612	578	583	IL-33	T028	C1825595
28274612	586	589	ST2	T028	C1420442
28274612	590	596	system	T169	C0449913
28274612	614	621	cardiac	T060	C0189784
28274612	623	630	adipose	T024	C0001527
28274612	635	651	hepatic biopsies	T060	C0193388
28274612	657	674	obese Zucker rats	T015	C0034719
28274612	676	677	O	T015	C0034719
28274612	683	691	controls	T096	C0009932
28274612	693	695	CO	T096	C0009932
28274612	698	708	Expression	T045	C1171362
28274612	719	723	sST2	T116,T192	C3852857
28274612	751	757	O rats	T015	C0034719
28274612	772	774	CO	T096	C0009932
28274612	791	798	tissues	T024	C0040300
28274612	813	817	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28274612	828	833	IL-33	T028	C1825595
28274612	866	867	O	T015	C0034719
28274612	879	881	CO	T096	C0009932
28274612	890	900	expression	T045	C0017262
28274612	911	915	ST2L	T028	C1416400
28274612	944	949	liver	T023	C0023884
28274612	953	955	CO	T096	C0009932
28274612	964	965	O	T015	C0034719
28274612	976	988	relationship	T080	C0439849
28274612	992	997	IL-33	T116,T123	C2976122
28274612	1000	1003	ST2	T116,T192	C3849696
28274612	1009	1012	NPs	T116,T121,T125	C1144709
28274612	1027	1049	inflammatory mediators	T038	C3155540
28274612	1066	1080	cardiac tissue	T024	C1272575
28274612	1082	1092	Expression	T045	C1171362
28274612	1096	1100	sST2	T116,T192	C3852857
28274612	1104	1111	cardiac	T024	C1272575
28274612	1113	1120	adipose	T024	C0001527
28274612	1125	1137	liver tissue	T023	C0023884
28274612	1151	1152	O	T015	C0034719
28274612	1167	1175	controls	T096	C0009932
28274612	1207	1212	IL-33	T116,T123	C2976122
28274612	1215	1218	ST2	T116,T192	C3849696
28274612	1219	1225	system	T169	C0449913
28274612	1229	1249	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1148560
28274612	1253	1260	obesity	T047	C0028754
28274612	1273	1286	relationships	T080	C0439849
28274612	1292	1294	NP	T116,T121,T125	C1144709
28274612	1295	1302	systems	T169	C0449913
28274612	1307	1329	inflammatory mediators	T038	C3155540
28274612	1363	1368	IL-33	T116,T123	C2976122
28274612	1371	1374	ST2	T116,T192	C3849696
28274612	1378	1396	molecular pathways	T044	C1704259
28274612	1408	1427	cardiac dysfunction	T033	C3277906
28274612	1432	1444	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28274612	1461	1468	obesity	T047	C0028754

28274876|t|Hypotonic stress promotes ATP release, reactive oxygen species production and cell proliferation via TRPV4 activation in rheumatoid arthritis rat synovial fibroblasts
28274876|a|Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune-disease with complex and unclear etiology. Hypotonicity of synovial fluid is a typical characteristic of RA, which may play pivotal roles in RA pathogenesis. In this work, we studied the responses of RA synovial fibroblasts to hypotonic stress in vitro and further explored the underlying mechanisms. Data showed that hyposmotic solutions significantly triggered increases in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]c) of synoviocytes. Subsequently, it caused rapid release of ATP, as well as remarkable production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, hypotonic stimulus promoted the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts. These effects were almost abolished by calcium - free buffer and significantly inhibited by gadolinium (III) chloride (a mechanosensitive Ca(2+) channel blocker) and ruthenium red (a transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) blocker). 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate, a specific agonist of TRPV4, also mimicked hypotonic shock-induced responses shown above. In contrast, voltage-gated channel inhibitors verapamil and nifedipine had little influences on these responses. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blotting evidently detected TRPV4 expression at mRNA and protein level in isolated synoviocytes. Taken together, our results indicated that hypotonic stimulus resulted in ATP release, ROS production, and cell proliferation depending on Ca(2+) entry through activation of TRPV4 channel in synoviocytes.
28274876	0	16	Hypotonic stress	T070	C3661516
28274876	17	25	promotes	T052	C0033414
28274876	26	29	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28274876	30	37	release	T169	C1283071
28274876	39	62	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28274876	63	73	production	T169	C0205245
28274876	78	96	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28274876	101	106	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1452147
28274876	107	117	activation	T052	C1879547
28274876	121	141	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
28274876	142	145	rat	T015	C0034693
28274876	146	154	synovial	T023	C1550315
28274876	155	166	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
28274876	167	187	Rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
28274876	189	191	RA	T047	C0003873
28274876	198	205	chronic	T079	C0205191
28274876	210	237	systemic autoimmune-disease	T047	C2895206
28274876	243	250	complex	T080	C0439855
28274876	255	262	unclear	T033	C3845108
28274876	263	271	etiology	T169	C1314792
28274876	273	285	Hypotonicity	T046	C0241938
28274876	289	303	synovial fluid	T031	C0039097
28274876	309	331	typical characteristic	T080	C1521970
28274876	335	337	RA	T047	C0003873
28274876	354	367	pivotal roles	T054	C0035820
28274876	371	373	RA	T047	C0003873
28274876	374	386	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28274876	417	426	responses	T032	C0871261
28274876	430	432	RA	T047	C0003873
28274876	433	441	synovial	T023	C1550315
28274876	442	453	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
28274876	457	473	hypotonic stress	T070	C3661516
28274876	474	482	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28274876	519	529	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28274876	531	535	Data	T078	C1511726
28274876	548	558	hyposmotic	T169	C0311417
28274876	559	568	solutions	T167	C0037633
28274876	569	582	significantly	T078	C0750502
28274876	593	602	increases	T169	C0442805
28274876	606	615	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
28274876	616	623	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28274876	624	637	concentration	T081	C1446561
28274876	639	648	[Ca(2+)]c	T081	C1446561
28274876	653	665	synoviocytes	T025	C0224522
28274876	691	704	rapid release	T169	C1283071
28274876	708	711	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28274876	735	745	production	T169	C0205245
28274876	749	762	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28274876	763	786	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28274876	788	791	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28274876	805	814	hypotonic	T046	C0241938
28274876	815	823	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28274876	824	832	promoted	T052	C0033414
28274876	837	850	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28274876	854	862	synovial	T023	C1550315
28274876	863	874	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
28274876	882	889	effects	T080	C1280500
28274876	915	922	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28274876	925	929	free	T169	C0332296
28274876	930	936	buffer	T121,T130	C0006353
28274876	941	954	significantly	T078	C0750502
28274876	955	964	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28274876	968	993	gadolinium (III) chloride	T121,T197	C0060932
28274876	997	1036	mechanosensitive Ca(2+) channel blocker	T120	C0872051
28274876	1042	1055	ruthenium red	T130,T197	C0035975
28274876	1059	1099	transient receptor potential vanilloid 4	T116,T123	C1452147
28274876	1101	1106	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1452147
28274876	1108	1115	blocker	T120	C0872051
28274876	1118	1146	4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate	T121	C1254351
28274876	1150	1166	specific agonist	T121	C2987634
28274876	1170	1175	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1452147
28274876	1191	1200	hypotonic	T046	C0241938
28274876	1201	1214	shock-induced	T046	C0036974
28274876	1215	1224	responses	T032	C0871261
28274876	1251	1272	voltage-gated channel	T039	C0597675
28274876	1273	1283	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28274876	1284	1293	verapamil	T109,T121	C0042523
28274876	1298	1308	nifedipine	T109,T121	C0028066
28274876	1313	1330	little influences	T077	C4054723
28274876	1340	1349	responses	T032	C0871261
28274876	1364	1370	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28274876	1375	1391	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28274876	1402	1410	detected	T033	C0442726
28274876	1411	1416	TRPV4	T116,T123	C1452147
28274876	1417	1427	expression	T045	C1171362
28274876	1431	1435	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28274876	1440	1453	protein level	T034	C0428479
28274876	1457	1465	isolated	T169	C0205409
28274876	1466	1478	synoviocytes	T025	C0224522
28274876	1523	1532	hypotonic	T046	C0241938
28274876	1533	1541	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28274876	1554	1557	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28274876	1558	1565	release	T169	C1283071
28274876	1567	1570	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28274876	1571	1581	production	T169	C0205245
28274876	1587	1605	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28274876	1619	1625	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28274876	1640	1650	activation	T052	C1879547
28274876	1654	1667	TRPV4 channel	T116,T123	C1452147
28274876	1671	1683	synoviocytes	T025	C0224522

28274894|t|Effects of antrosterol from Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth on lipid homeostasis, antioxidation, alcohol clearance, and anti-inflammation in livers of chronic - alcohol fed mice
28274894|a|Antrodia camphorata is a functional fungus in Taiwan and owns several pharmacological functions. Antrosterol, a bioactive constitute of sterols in edible Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth, can protect liver from CCl4 damage via enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotection of antrosterol (named as EK100) against alcohol consumption. A Lieber-DeCarli regular EtOH diet (EtOH liquid diet, 5% (v/v) alcohol) was applied to induce alcoholic liver damage. Mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: (1) Control: control liquid diet; (2) EtOH: EtOH liquid diet; (3) EK100_1X: EtOH liquid diet and 1mg EK100 (Antrosterol)/Kg body weight (bw); (4) EK100_5X: EtOH liquid diet and 5mg EK100 /Kg bw; (5) EK100_10X: EtOH liquid diet and 10mg EK100 /Kg bw. At the end of experiment, the livers were collected for histo-pathological analyses, RNA and protein extraction, and enzymatic activities. Antrosterol reduced serum / liver lipids of alcohol - diet fed mice which highly related to upregulated fatty acid β-oxidation and downregulated lipogenesis, and increased fecal lipid / bile-acid outputs. Antrosterol enhanced hepatic antioxidant capabilities in alcohol - diet fed mice while it also lowered serum alcohol level, as well as increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and catalase (CAT) activities and decreased CYP2E1 protein expression in livers of alcohol - diet fed mice. Besides, antrosterol lowered hepatic inflammation and fibrosis related gene expressions, as well as serum AST / ALT values and TNF-α / IL-1β contents in alcohol - diet fed mice. Based on the results, hepatoprotection of antrosterol is mostly attributed to its regulations of lipid homeostasis, antioxidant capability, alcohol metabolism, and anti-inflammation.
28274894	0	7	Effects	T080	C1280500
28274894	11	22	antrosterol	T109	C0038323
28274894	28	47	Antrodia camphorata	T004	C1082344
28274894	48	69	submerged whole broth	T130	C2919900
28274894	73	90	lipid homeostasis	T039	C2262744
28274894	92	105	antioxidation	T044	C1148564
28274894	107	124	alcohol clearance	T044	C1145676
28274894	130	147	anti-inflammation	T080	C1515999
28274894	151	157	livers	T023	C0023884
28274894	161	168	chronic	T079	C0205191
28274894	171	178	alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
28274894	179	182	fed	T052	C2987508
28274894	183	187	mice	T015	C0025929
28274894	188	207	Antrodia camphorata	T004	C1082344
28274894	213	223	functional	T169	C0205245
28274894	224	230	fungus	T004	C0016832
28274894	234	240	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
28274894	258	273	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28274894	274	283	functions	T169	C0542341
28274894	285	296	Antrosterol	T109	C0038323
28274894	300	309	bioactive	T167	C3714412
28274894	324	331	sterols	T109	C0038323
28274894	335	361	edible Antrodia camphorata	T004	C1082344
28274894	362	383	submerged whole broth	T130	C2919900
28274894	397	402	liver	T023	C0023884
28274894	408	412	CCl4	T109,T131	C0007022
28274894	413	419	damage	T169	C1883709
28274894	434	445	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
28274894	450	467	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
28274894	468	478	capacities	T081	C1516240
28274894	496	501	study	T062	C2603343
28274894	509	520	investigate	T169	C1292732
28274894	525	541	hepatoprotection	T033	C1545588
28274894	545	556	antrosterol	T109	C0038323
28274894	567	572	EK100	T109	C0038323
28274894	582	601	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28274894	605	632	Lieber-DeCarli regular EtOH	T109,T121	C0001962
28274894	633	637	diet	T168	C0012155
28274894	639	643	EtOH	T109,T121	C0001962
28274894	644	655	liquid diet	T061	C0301571
28274894	666	673	alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
28274894	690	696	induce	T169	C0205263
28274894	697	706	alcoholic	T109,T121	C0001975
28274894	707	719	liver damage	T046	C0151763
28274894	721	725	Mice	T015	C0025929
28274894	755	761	groups	T078	C0441833
28274894	767	774	Control	T096	C0009932
28274894	776	795	control liquid diet	T061	C0301571
28274894	801	805	EtOH	T109,T121	C0001962
28274894	807	811	EtOH	T109,T121	C0001962
28274894	812	823	liquid diet	T061	C0301571
28274894	829	837	EK100_1X	T109	C0038323
28274894	839	843	EtOH	T109,T121	C0001962
28274894	844	855	liquid diet	T061	C0301571
28274894	864	869	EK100	T109	C0038323
28274894	871	882	Antrosterol	T109	C0038323
28274894	887	898	body weight	T032	C0005910
28274894	900	902	bw	T032	C0005910
28274894	909	917	EK100_5X	T109	C0038323
28274894	919	923	EtOH	T109,T121	C0001962
28274894	924	935	liquid diet	T061	C0301571
28274894	944	949	EK100	T109	C0038323
28274894	954	956	bw	T032	C0005910
28274894	962	971	EK100_10X	T109	C0038323
28274894	973	977	EtOH	T109,T121	C0001962
28274894	978	989	liquid diet	T061	C0301571
28274894	999	1004	EK100	T109	C0038323
28274894	1009	1011	bw	T032	C0005910
28274894	1027	1037	experiment	T062	C0681814
28274894	1043	1049	livers	T023	C0023884
28274894	1069	1087	histo-pathological	T169	C0243140
28274894	1088	1096	analyses	T062	C0936012
28274894	1098	1101	RNA	T059	C4284307
28274894	1106	1113	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28274894	1114	1124	extraction	T059	C0684295
28274894	1130	1150	enzymatic activities	T044	C0243102
28274894	1152	1163	Antrosterol	T109	C0038323
28274894	1172	1177	serum	T031	C0229671
28274894	1180	1185	liver	T023	C0023884
28274894	1186	1192	lipids	T109	C0023779
28274894	1196	1203	alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
28274894	1206	1210	diet	T061	C0301571
28274894	1211	1214	fed	T052	C2987508
28274894	1215	1219	mice	T015	C0025929
28274894	1244	1255	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28274894	1256	1278	fatty acid β-oxidation	T044	C1158368
28274894	1283	1296	downregulated	T044	C0013081
28274894	1297	1308	lipogenesis	T040	C1563744
28274894	1314	1323	increased	T081	C0205217
28274894	1324	1329	fecal	T031	C0015733
28274894	1330	1335	lipid	T109	C0023779
28274894	1338	1347	bile-acid	T109,T123	C0005390
28274894	1348	1355	outputs	T077	C1709366
28274894	1357	1368	Antrosterol	T109	C0038323
28274894	1378	1385	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28274894	1386	1397	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
28274894	1398	1410	capabilities	T081	C1516240
28274894	1414	1421	alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
28274894	1424	1428	diet	T061	C0301571
28274894	1429	1432	fed	T052	C2987508
28274894	1433	1437	mice	T015	C0025929
28274894	1460	1465	serum	T031	C0229671
28274894	1466	1473	alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
28274894	1474	1479	level	T080	C0441889
28274894	1492	1501	increased	T081	C0205217
28274894	1502	1523	alcohol dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0001942
28274894	1525	1528	ADH	T116,T126	C0001942
28274894	1534	1542	catalase	T116,T126	C0007367
28274894	1544	1547	CAT	T116,T126	C0007367
28274894	1549	1559	activities	T044	C0243102
28274894	1564	1573	decreased	T081	C0205216
28274894	1574	1580	CYP2E1	T116,T126	C0010763
28274894	1581	1599	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28274894	1603	1609	livers	T023	C0023884
28274894	1613	1620	alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
28274894	1623	1627	diet	T061	C0301571
28274894	1628	1631	fed	T052	C2987508
28274894	1632	1636	mice	T015	C0025929
28274894	1647	1658	antrosterol	T109	C0038323
28274894	1667	1687	hepatic inflammation	T033	C3275700
28274894	1692	1700	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28274894	1709	1725	gene expressions	T045	C0017262
28274894	1738	1747	serum AST	T059	C1261155
28274894	1750	1753	ALT	T059	C0036828
28274894	1754	1760	values	T081	C1522609
28274894	1765	1770	TNF-α	T116,T129	C0041368
28274894	1773	1778	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28274894	1791	1798	alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
28274894	1801	1805	diet	T061	C0301571
28274894	1806	1809	fed	T052	C2987508
28274894	1810	1814	mice	T015	C0025929
28274894	1829	1836	results	T169	C1274040
28274894	1838	1854	hepatoprotection	T033	C1545588
28274894	1858	1869	antrosterol	T109	C0038323
28274894	1898	1909	regulations	T038	C1327622
28274894	1913	1930	lipid homeostasis	T039	C2262744
28274894	1932	1943	antioxidant	T044	C1148564
28274894	1944	1954	capability	T081	C1516240
28274894	1956	1974	alcohol metabolism	T044	C1145676
28274894	1980	1997	anti-inflammation	T080	C1515999

28275119|t|Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Pilaralisib (SAR245408, XL147) in Combination with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Patients with Solid Tumors
28275119|a|Despite involvement of PI3K pathway activation in tumorigenesis of solid tumors, single-agent PI3K inhibitors have shown modest clinical activity. Preclinical evidence suggests that combining PI3K pathway inhibitors and chemotherapy can enhance antitumor effects .In patients with solid tumors, the PI3K inhibitor pilaralisib had a favorable safety profile but did not enhance the antitumor activity of paclitaxel plus carboplatin .Further clinical evaluation is warranted to identify effective combination strategies with PI3K pathway inhibitors. Pilaralisib (SAR245408) is an oral, pan-class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. This phase I dose-escalation study evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics of pilaralisib in capsule and tablet formulations, administered in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. A 3 + 3 design was used. Pilaralisib was administered once daily (QD); paclitaxel (up to 175 mg/m(2)) and carboplatin (up to area under the curve [AUC] of 6) were administered on day 1 of 21-day cycles. An MTD expansion cohort of patients with endometrial carcinoma was included. Fifty-eight patients were enrolled. Six patients (10.3%) had dose-limiting toxicities, of which only rash (two patients, 3.4%) occurred in more than one patient. The MTD of pilaralisib tablets in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin was determined to be 200 mg QD. The most frequently reported adverse events (AEs) of any grade were neutropenia (67.2%) and thrombocytopenia (67.2%). PK data showed no interaction between pilaralisib and paclitaxel/carboplatin. Tumor tissue showed moderate inhibition of PI3K and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Seven of 52 evaluable patients had a partial response (PR; 13.5%). Pilaralisib had a favorable safety profile but did not enhance the antitumor activity of paclitaxel plus carboplatin in solid tumors. The Oncologist 2017;22:377-378.
28275119	0	7	Phase I	T062	C0920321
28275119	8	23	Dose-Escalation	T169	C3816728
28275119	24	29	Study	T062	C2603343
28275119	33	44	Pilaralisib	T121	C1254351
28275119	46	55	SAR245408	T109,T121	C3657458
28275119	57	62	XL147	T109,T121	C2347424
28275119	67	110	Combination with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin	T061	C0281297
28275119	114	122	Patients	T101	C0030705
28275119	128	140	Solid Tumors	T191	C0280100
28275119	164	176	PI3K pathway	T169	C2984368
28275119	177	187	activation	T052	C1879547
28275119	191	204	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621
28275119	208	220	solid tumors	T191	C0280100
28275119	235	250	PI3K inhibitors	T116,T126	C4041090
28275119	269	286	clinical activity	T185	C1516654
28275119	288	299	Preclinical	T080	C1709630
28275119	300	308	evidence	T078	C3887511
28275119	323	332	combining	T080	C0205195
28275119	333	356	PI3K pathway inhibitors	T116,T126	C4041090
28275119	361	373	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28275119	378	385	enhance	T052	C2349975
28275119	386	403	antitumor effects	T033	C0243095
28275119	408	416	patients	T101	C0030705
28275119	422	434	solid tumors	T191	C0280100
28275119	440	454	PI3K inhibitor	T116,T126	C4041090
28275119	455	466	pilaralisib	T121	C1254351
28275119	483	489	safety	T062	C1705187
28275119	490	497	profile	T059	C1979963
28275119	510	517	enhance	T052	C2349975
28275119	522	540	antitumor activity	T033	C0243095
28275119	544	571	paclitaxel plus carboplatin	T061	C0281297
28275119	581	600	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
28275119	626	635	effective	T080	C1704419
28275119	636	647	combination	T121	C0013162
28275119	664	687	PI3K pathway inhibitors	T116,T126	C4041090
28275119	689	700	Pilaralisib	T121	C1254351
28275119	702	711	SAR245408	T109,T121	C3657458
28275119	719	723	oral	T122	C1272919
28275119	725	736	pan-class I	T185	C0441885
28275119	737	779	phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor	T116,T126	C4041090
28275119	786	793	phase I	T062	C0920321
28275119	794	809	dose-escalation	T169	C3816728
28275119	810	815	study	T062	C2603343
28275119	816	825	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28275119	830	852	maximum tolerated dose	T081	C0752079
28275119	854	857	MTD	T081	C0752079
28275119	860	866	safety	T062	C1705187
28275119	868	884	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
28275119	886	888	PK	T039	C0031327
28275119	895	911	pharmacodynamics	T038	C0851347
28275119	915	926	pilaralisib	T121	C1254351
28275119	930	937	capsule	T122	C0006935
28275119	942	948	tablet	T122	C0039225
28275119	949	961	formulations	T122	C0013058
28275119	963	975	administered	T169	C1521801
28275119	979	1022	combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin	T061	C0281297
28275119	1026	1034	patients	T101	C0030705
28275119	1040	1048	advanced	T080	C0205179
28275119	1049	1061	solid tumors	T191	C0280100
28275119	1071	1077	design	T052	C1707689
28275119	1088	1099	Pilaralisib	T121	C1254351
28275119	1104	1116	administered	T169	C1521801
28275119	1117	1127	once daily	T079	C0556983
28275119	1129	1131	QD	T079	C0556983
28275119	1134	1144	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
28275119	1169	1180	carboplatin	T109,T121	C0079083
28275119	1188	1208	area under the curve	T081	C0376690
28275119	1210	1213	AUC	T081	C0376690
28275119	1226	1238	administered	T169	C1521801
28275119	1258	1264	cycles	T079	C1511572
28275119	1269	1272	MTD	T081	C0752079
28275119	1283	1289	cohort	T098	C0599755
28275119	1293	1301	patients	T101	C0030705
28275119	1307	1328	endometrial carcinoma	T191	C0476089
28275119	1333	1341	included	T169	C0332257
28275119	1355	1363	patients	T101	C0030705
28275119	1383	1391	patients	T101	C0030705
28275119	1404	1417	dose-limiting	T078	C1512043
28275119	1418	1428	toxicities	T037	C0013221
28275119	1444	1448	rash	T184	C0015230
28275119	1454	1462	patients	T101	C0030705
28275119	1470	1478	occurred	T052	C1709305
28275119	1496	1503	patient	T101	C0030705
28275119	1509	1512	MTD	T081	C0752079
28275119	1516	1527	pilaralisib	T121	C1254351
28275119	1528	1535	tablets	T122	C0039225
28275119	1539	1582	combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin	T061	C0281297
28275119	1611	1613	QD	T079	C0556983
28275119	1624	1634	frequently	T079	C0332183
28275119	1635	1643	reported	T058	C0700287
28275119	1644	1658	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28275119	1660	1663	AEs	T046	C0877248
28275119	1672	1677	grade	T185	C0441800
28275119	1683	1694	neutropenia	T047	C0027947
28275119	1707	1723	thrombocytopenia	T047	C0040034
28275119	1733	1735	PK	T039	C0031327
28275119	1736	1740	data	T078	C1511726
28275119	1748	1750	no	T033	C1513916
28275119	1751	1762	interaction	T044	C0687133
28275119	1771	1782	pilaralisib	T121	C1254351
28275119	1787	1809	paclitaxel/carboplatin	T061	C0281297
28275119	1811	1823	Tumor tissue	T024	C0475358
28275119	1831	1839	moderate	T080	C1881878
28275119	1840	1850	inhibition	T044	C0021469
28275119	1854	1858	PI3K	T169	C2984368
28275119	1863	1911	mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways	T043	C1518102
28275119	1925	1943	evaluable patients	T101	C2986511
28275119	1950	1966	partial response	T033	C1521726
28275119	1968	1970	PR	T033	C1521726
28275119	1980	1991	Pilaralisib	T121	C1254351
28275119	1998	2007	favorable	T080	C3640814
28275119	2008	2014	safety	T062	C1705187
28275119	2015	2022	profile	T059	C1979963
28275119	2035	2042	enhance	T052	C2349975
28275119	2047	2065	antitumor activity	T033	C0243095
28275119	2069	2096	paclitaxel plus carboplatin	T061	C0281297
28275119	2100	2112	solid tumors	T191	C0280100

28275724|t|Mitochondrial metabolic regulation by GRP78
28275724|a|Steroids, essential for mammalian survival, are initiated by cholesterol transport by steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). Appropriate protein folding is an essential requirement of activity. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones assist in folding of cytoplasmic proteins, whereas mitochondrial chaperones fold only mitochondrial proteins. We show that glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), a master ER chaperone, is also present at the mitochondria -associated ER membrane (MAM), where it folds StAR for delivery to the outer mitochondrial membrane. StAR expression and activity are drastically reduced following GRP78 knockdown. StAR folding starts at the MAM region; thus, its cholesterol fostering capacity is regulated by GRP78 long before StAR reaches the mitochondria. In summary, GRP78 is an acute regulator of steroidogenesis at the MAM, regulating the intermediate folding of StAR that is crucial for its activity.
28275724	0	13	Mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28275724	14	34	metabolic regulation	T169	C0518894
28275724	38	43	GRP78	T116,T123	C1437533
28275724	44	52	Steroids	T109	C0038317
28275724	68	77	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28275724	78	86	survival	T052	C0038952
28275724	105	126	cholesterol transport	T043	C1159709
28275724	130	168	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	T116	C0290758
28275724	170	174	StAR	T116	C0290758
28275724	189	204	protein folding	T044	C0162847
28275724	246	267	Endoplasmic reticulum	T026	C0014239
28275724	269	271	ER	T026	C0014239
28275724	273	283	chaperones	T116,T123	C0243041
28275724	294	301	folding	T044	C0162847
28275724	305	325	cytoplasmic proteins	T116,T123	C1333198
28275724	335	348	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28275724	349	359	chaperones	T116,T123	C0243041
28275724	360	364	fold	T044	C0162847
28275724	370	392	mitochondrial proteins	T116,T123	C0949610
28275724	407	436	glucose regulatory protein 78	T116,T123	C1437533
28275724	438	443	GRP78	T116,T123	C1437533
28275724	455	457	ER	T026	C0014239
28275724	458	467	chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
28275724	492	504	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28275724	517	528	ER membrane	T026	C0230770
28275724	530	533	MAM	T026	C0230770
28275724	545	550	folds	T044	C0162847
28275724	551	555	StAR	T116	C0290758
28275724	576	604	outer mitochondrial membrane	T026	C0230839
28275724	606	610	StAR	T116	C0290758
28275724	611	621	expression	T045	C1171362
28275724	626	634	activity	T044	C1537044
28275724	669	674	GRP78	T028	C1415761
28275724	675	684	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28275724	686	690	StAR	T116	C0290758
28275724	691	698	folding	T044	C0162847
28275724	713	716	MAM	T026	C0596952
28275724	717	723	region	T082	C0205147
28275724	735	746	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28275724	782	787	GRP78	T116,T123	C1437533
28275724	800	804	StAR	T116	C0290758
28275724	817	829	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28275724	843	848	GRP78	T116,T123	C1437533
28275724	861	870	regulator	T077	C1704735
28275724	874	889	steroidogenesis	T044	C0597513
28275724	897	900	MAM	T026	C0596952
28275724	930	937	folding	T044	C0162847
28275724	941	945	StAR	T116	C0290758

28276471|t|Meprin Metalloproteases Generate Biologically Active Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor to Induce Trans-Signaling
28276471|a|Soluble Interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) mediated trans-signaling is an important pro-inflammatory stimulus associated with pathological conditions, such as arthritis, neurodegeneration and inflammatory bowel disease. The sIL-6R is generated proteolytically from its membrane bound form and A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) 10 and 17 were shown to perform ectodomain shedding of the receptor in vitro and in vivo. However, under certain conditions not all sIL-6R could be assigned to ADAM10 / 17 activity. Here, we demonstrate that the IL-6R is a shedding substrate of soluble meprin α and membrane bound meprin β, resulting in bioactive sIL-6R that is capable of inducing IL-6 trans-signaling. We determined cleavage within the N-terminal part of the IL-6R stalk region, distinct from the cleavage site reported for ADAM10 / 17. Interestingly, meprin β can be shed from the cell surface by ADAM10 / 17 and the observation that soluble meprin β is not capable of shedding the IL-6R suggests a regulatory mechanism towards trans-signaling. Additionally, we observed a significant negative correlation of meprin β expression and IL-6R levels on human granulocytes, providing evidence for in vivo function of this proteolytic interaction.
28276471	0	6	Meprin	T116,T121	C0733413
28276471	7	23	Metalloproteases	T116,T126	C0025543
28276471	33	52	Biologically Active	T167	C3714412
28276471	53	83	Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
28276471	87	93	Induce	T169	C0205263
28276471	94	109	Trans-Signaling	T043	C0037083
28276471	110	140	Soluble Interleukin-6 receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
28276471	142	148	sIL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
28276471	159	174	trans-signaling	T043	C0037083
28276471	191	207	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28276471	208	216	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28276471	217	232	associated with	T080	C0332281
28276471	233	256	pathological conditions	T046	C0752135
28276471	266	275	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28276471	277	294	neurodegeneration	T049	C0027746
28276471	299	325	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
28276471	331	337	sIL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
28276471	351	366	proteolytically	T044	C0597304
28276471	376	390	membrane bound	UnknownType	C0684163
28276471	400	443	A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) 10	T116,T126	C4255376
28276471	448	450	17	T116,T126	C0529196
28276471	473	492	ectodomain shedding	T044	C1157978
28276471	500	508	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28276471	509	517	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28276471	522	529	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28276471	554	564	conditions	T080	C0348080
28276471	573	579	sIL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
28276471	601	607	ADAM10	T116,T126	C4255376
28276471	610	612	17	T116,T126	C0529196
28276471	613	621	activity	T044	C1537044
28276471	653	658	IL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
28276471	664	672	shedding	T044	C1621321
28276471	673	682	substrate	T167	C3891814
28276471	686	693	soluble	T080	C1948047
28276471	694	702	meprin α	T116,T126	C1622778
28276471	707	721	membrane bound	T116,T123	C0025252
28276471	722	730	meprin β	T116,T126	C1451346
28276471	745	754	bioactive	T167	C3714412
28276471	755	761	sIL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
28276471	781	789	inducing	T169	C0205263
28276471	795	810	trans-signaling	T043	C0037083
28276471	826	834	cleavage	T044	C0597304
28276471	846	861	N-terminal part	T082	C1254362
28276471	869	874	IL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
28276471	875	880	stalk	T017	C1947953
28276471	881	887	region	T082	C0205147
28276471	907	920	cleavage site	T082	C0205145
28276471	934	940	ADAM10	T116,T126	C4255376
28276471	943	945	17	T116,T126	C0529196
28276471	962	970	meprin β	T116,T126	C1451346
28276471	992	1004	cell surface	T026	C0699040
28276471	1008	1014	ADAM10	T116,T126	C4255376
28276471	1017	1019	17	T116,T126	C0529196
28276471	1045	1052	soluble	T080	C1948047
28276471	1053	1061	meprin β	T116,T126	C1451346
28276471	1080	1088	shedding	T044	C1621321
28276471	1093	1098	IL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
28276471	1110	1120	regulatory	T077	C1704735
28276471	1121	1130	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28276471	1139	1154	trans-signaling	T043	C0037083
28276471	1184	1195	significant	T078	C0750502
28276471	1196	1204	negative	T033	C0205160
28276471	1205	1216	correlation	T080	C1707520
28276471	1220	1228	meprin β	T116,T126	C1451346
28276471	1229	1239	expression	T045	C1171362
28276471	1244	1249	IL-6R	T116,T129,T192	C0063717
28276471	1250	1256	levels	T080	C0441889
28276471	1260	1278	human granulocytes	T031	C1277091
28276471	1303	1310	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28276471	1328	1339	proteolytic	T044	C0597304
28276471	1340	1351	interaction	T169	C1704675

28276842|t|Different views on treatment decisions by first-year interprofessional healthcare students
28276842|a|This study explored ethical treatment decisions of healthcare professional students beginning their education. As part of a first-semester modern medicine and bioethics course, 311 students watched and discussed, in interprofessional groups, a video titled Dax's Case: Who Should Decide? regarding the treatment of a life-threatening infectious disease against Dax's wish. The students then discussed and made their decision regarding treating or not. Their decisions, recorded on a worksheet, were classified as " will treat " or " won't treat ." Professional groups ' decision patterns were compared using the chi-square test. Overall, 151 (71%) opinions from students were classified as " will treat ," and 61 (29%) as " won't treat ." Nursing students were more likely to decide " won't treat " (in line with Dax's preference); however, the majority of other professions ' students favoured treatment (against Dax's wish). Given the students ' limited exposure to profession -specific education, our preliminary study supports the notion that healthcare profession students hold different values that align with their chosen profession at the start of their studies.
28276842	19	28	treatment	T061	C0087111
28276842	29	38	decisions	T041	C0679006
28276842	42	52	first-year	T079	C0439234
28276842	53	81	interprofessional healthcare	T097	C1704312
28276842	82	90	students	T098	C0038492
28276842	96	101	study	T062	C2603343
28276842	111	118	ethical	T078	C0026531
28276842	119	128	treatment	T061	C0087111
28276842	129	138	decisions	T041	C0679006
28276842	142	165	healthcare professional	T097	C1704312
28276842	166	174	students	T098	C0038492
28276842	191	200	education	T065	C0013621
28276842	215	229	first-semester	T079	C2348178
28276842	230	245	modern medicine	T091	C0025118
28276842	250	259	bioethics	T091	C0005489
28276842	260	266	course	T079	C0750729
28276842	272	280	students	T098	C0038492
28276842	307	331	interprofessional groups	T097	C1704312
28276842	335	340	video	T170	C3463807
28276842	341	347	titled	T080	C3888414
28276842	348	358	Dax's Case	T170	C3463807
28276842	393	402	treatment	T061	C0087111
28276842	408	424	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
28276842	425	443	infectious disease	T047	C0009450
28276842	468	476	students	T098	C0038492
28276842	507	515	decision	T041	C0679006
28276842	526	534	treating	T169	C1522326
28276842	549	558	decisions	T041	C0679006
28276842	574	583	worksheet	T170	C2349155
28276842	606	616	will treat	T041	C0679006
28276842	624	635	won't treat	T041	C0679006
28276842	639	658	Professional groups	T097	C1704312
28276842	661	669	decision	T041	C0679006
28276842	670	678	patterns	T082	C0449774
28276842	703	718	chi-square test	T170	C0008041
28276842	739	747	opinions	T041	C0871010
28276842	753	761	students	T098	C0038492
28276842	783	793	will treat	T041	C0679006
28276842	815	826	won't treat	T041	C0679006
28276842	830	846	Nursing students	T097	C0038496
28276842	876	887	won't treat	T041	C0679006
28276842	954	965	professions	T090	C0028811
28276842	968	976	students	T098	C0038492
28276842	986	995	treatment	T061	C0087111
28276842	1028	1036	students	T098	C0038492
28276842	1059	1069	profession	T090	C0028811
28276842	1080	1089	education	T065	C0013621
28276842	1107	1112	study	T062	C2603343
28276842	1138	1159	healthcare profession	T097	C1704312
28276842	1160	1168	students	T098	C0038492
28276842	1220	1230	profession	T090	C0028811
28276842	1253	1260	studies	T062	C2603343

28276968|t|Delivery of drugs, growth factors, genes and stem cells via intrapericardial, epicardial and intramyocardial routes for sustained local targeted therapy of myocardial disease
28276968|a|Local myocardial delivery (LMD) of therapeutic agents is a promising strategy that aims to treat various myocardial pathologies. It is designed to deliver agents directly to the myocardium and minimize their extracardiac concentrations and side effects. LMD aims to enhance outcomes of existing therapies by broadening their therapeutic window and to utilize new agents that could not be otherwise be implemented systemically. Areas covered: This article provides a historical overview of six decades LMD evolution in terms of the approaches, including intrapericardial, epicardial, and intramyocardial delivery, and the wide array of classes of agents used to treat myocardial pathologies. We examine delivery of pharmaceutical compounds, targeted gene transfection and cell implantation techniques to produce therapeutic effects locally. We outline therapeutic indications, successes and failures as well as technical approaches for LMD. Expert opinion: While LMD is more complicated than conventional oral or intravenous administration, given recent advances in interventional cardiology, it is safe and may provide better therapeutic outcomes. LMD is complex as many factors impact pharmacokinetics and biologic result. The choice between routes of LMD is largely driven not only by the myocardial pathology but also by the nature and physicochemical properties of the therapeutic agents.
28276968	0	8	Delivery	T169	C1705822
28276968	12	17	drugs	T121	C0013227
28276968	19	33	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28276968	35	40	genes	T028	C0017337
28276968	45	55	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28276968	60	76	intrapericardial	T169	C2960799
28276968	78	88	epicardial	T082	C0442016
28276968	93	108	intramyocardial	T030	C0229984
28276968	109	115	routes	T169	C0013153
28276968	120	129	sustained	T169	C0443318
28276968	130	135	local	T082	C0205276
28276968	136	152	targeted therapy	T061	C2985566
28276968	156	174	myocardial disease	T047	C0878544
28276968	175	200	Local myocardial delivery	T061	C0087111
28276968	202	205	LMD	T061	C0087111
28276968	210	228	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
28276968	266	271	treat	T169	C1522326
28276968	280	290	myocardial	T082	C1522564
28276968	291	302	pathologies	T169	C1521733
28276968	310	318	designed	T052	C1707689
28276968	322	329	deliver	T169	C1705822
28276968	330	336	agents	T121	C1611640
28276968	337	345	directly	T080	C1947931
28276968	353	363	myocardium	T024	C0027061
28276968	368	376	minimize	T052	C2003888
28276968	383	395	extracardiac	T030	C0229984
28276968	396	410	concentrations	T081	C0678756
28276968	415	427	side effects	T046	C0041755
28276968	429	432	LMD	T061	C0087111
28276968	441	448	enhance	T052	C2349975
28276968	449	457	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28276968	470	479	therapies	T061	C0087111
28276968	500	511	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28276968	538	544	agents	T121	C1611640
28276968	576	587	implemented	T052	C1705848
28276968	588	600	systemically	T169	C0205373
28276968	622	629	article	T170	C0282420
28276968	641	660	historical overview	T170	C0681456
28276968	664	667	six	T081	C0205452
28276968	668	675	decades	T079	C1254367
28276968	676	679	LMD	T061	C0087111
28276968	706	716	approaches	T169	C1292724
28276968	728	744	intrapericardial	T169	C2960799
28276968	746	756	epicardial	T082	C0442016
28276968	762	777	intramyocardial	T030	C0229984
28276968	778	786	delivery	T169	C1705822
28276968	810	817	classes	T170	C0456387
28276968	821	827	agents	T121	C1611640
28276968	836	841	treat	T169	C1522326
28276968	842	852	myocardial	T082	C1522564
28276968	853	864	pathologies	T169	C1521733
28276968	877	885	delivery	T169	C1705822
28276968	889	913	pharmaceutical compounds	T121	C0013227
28276968	915	941	targeted gene transfection	T063	C0040669
28276968	946	974	cell implantation techniques	T061	C0087111
28276968	986	997	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28276968	998	1005	effects	T080	C1280500
28276968	1006	1013	locally	T082	C0205276
28276968	1026	1037	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28276968	1051	1060	successes	T080	C0679864
28276968	1065	1073	failures	T033	C0162643
28276968	1085	1105	technical approaches	T169	C1292724
28276968	1110	1113	LMD	T061	C0087111
28276968	1137	1140	LMD	T061	C0087111
28276968	1149	1160	complicated	T169	C0231242
28276968	1166	1178	conventional	T080	C1442989
28276968	1179	1183	oral	T169	C1527415
28276968	1187	1213	intravenous administration	T169	C1522726
28276968	1221	1227	recent	T079	C0332185
28276968	1240	1265	interventional cardiology	T091	C4298931
28276968	1301	1321	therapeutic outcomes	T080	C0085415
28276968	1323	1326	LMD	T061	C0087111
28276968	1330	1337	complex	T080	C0439855
28276968	1346	1353	factors	T169	C1521761
28276968	1361	1377	pharmacokinetics	T039	C0031327
28276968	1382	1390	biologic	T080	C0205460
28276968	1391	1397	result	T169	C1274040
28276968	1418	1424	routes	T169	C0013153
28276968	1428	1431	LMD	T061	C0087111
28276968	1466	1476	myocardial	T082	C1522564
28276968	1477	1486	pathology	T169	C1521733
28276968	1514	1540	physicochemical properties	T070	C2350461
28276968	1548	1566	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640

28276986|t|Platelet rich plasma versus steroid on lateral epicondylitis: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
28276986|a|Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is a common tendinopathy for which an effective treatment is still unknown. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of platelet rich plasma (PRP) vs steroid in reducing pain and improving function of the elbow in the treatment of LE. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify related articles published from January 1980 to September 2016 in Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and SpringerLink. All studies that compared PRP with steroid administration on LE were included. Main outcomes were collected and analyzed by the Review Manager 5.1. Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that involved 511 patients met the criteria. This meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference in pain relief in the short-term (2 to 4 weeks: SMD = 1.02, P = .03; 6 to 8 weeks: SMD = .73, P = .24) and the intermediate-term (12 weeks: SMD = -0.28, P = .35). Steroid exhibited a better efficacy of function in the short-term (2 to 4 weeks: SMD = .61, P < .001; 6 to 8 weeks: SMD = .53, P < .001). However, PRP was superior to steroid for pain relief in the long-term (half year: SMD = -1.6, P < .001; one year: SMD = -1.45, P < .001), and also for function improving in the intermediate-term (12 weeks: SMD = -0.53, P < .001) and the long-term (half year: SMD = -0.56, P < .001; one year: SMD = -0.7, P < .001). No serious adverse effects of treatment were observed in the two groups. Treatment of patients with LE by steroid could slightly relieve pain and significantly improve function of elbow in the short-term (2 to 4 weeks, 6 to 8 weeks). PRP appears to be more effective in relieving pain and improving function in the intermediate-term (12 weeks) and long-term (half year and one year). Considering the long-term effectiveness of PRP, we recommend PRP as the preferred option for LE.
28276986	0	20	Platelet rich plasma	T031	C0370220
28276986	28	35	steroid	T109	C0038317
28276986	39	60	lateral epicondylitis	T047	C0039516
28276986	62	75	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28276986	79	105	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28276986	106	127	Lateral epicondylitis	T047	C0039516
28276986	129	131	LE	T047	C0039516
28276986	145	157	tendinopathy	T047	C1568272
28276986	171	180	effective	T080	C1704419
28276986	181	190	treatment	T061	C0087111
28276986	200	207	unknown	T080	C0439673
28276986	229	242	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28276986	250	257	compare	T052	C1707455
28276986	262	275	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28276986	279	299	platelet rich plasma	T031	C0370220
28276986	301	304	PRP	T031	C0370220
28276986	309	316	steroid	T109	C0038317
28276986	320	328	reducing	T080	C0392756
28276986	329	333	pain	T184	C0030193
28276986	338	347	improving	T080	C1272745
28276986	348	356	function	T169	C0542341
28276986	364	369	elbow	T029	C0013769
28276986	377	386	treatment	T061	C0087111
28276986	390	392	LE	T047	C0039516
28276986	396	406	systematic	T169	C0220922
28276986	407	413	search	T052	C1706202
28276986	421	431	literature	T170	C0023866
28276986	449	457	identify	T080	C0205396
28276986	466	474	articles	T170	C1706852
28276986	490	497	January	T080	C3829466
28276986	506	515	September	T079	C3828193
28276986	524	530	Pubmed	T170	C1138432
28276986	532	538	Embase	T170	C0282574
28276986	544	560	Cochrane Library	T170	C0282574
28276986	565	577	SpringerLink	T170	C0282574
28276986	583	590	studies	T062	C2603343
28276986	596	604	compared	T052	C1707455
28276986	605	608	PRP	T031	C0370220
28276986	614	621	steroid	T109	C0038317
28276986	622	636	administration	T081	C0001555
28276986	640	642	LE	T047	C0039516
28276986	648	656	included	T169	C0332257
28276986	663	671	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28276986	677	686	collected	T169	C1516698
28276986	691	699	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28276986	707	725	Review Manager 5.1	T073,T170	C0037585
28276986	733	761	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28276986	763	767	RCTs	T062	C0206035
28276986	774	782	involved	T169	C1314939
28276986	787	795	patients	T101	C0030705
28276986	796	799	met	T067	C1550543
28276986	804	812	criteria	T078	C0243161
28276986	819	832	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28276986	855	880	no significant difference	T033	C3842396
28276986	884	895	pain relief	T061	C0451615
28276986	903	913	short-term	T079	C0443303
28276986	922	927	weeks	T079	C0439230
28276986	929	932	SMD	T081	C0392762
28276986	957	962	weeks	T079	C0439230
28276986	964	967	SMD	T081	C0392762
28276986	992	1009	intermediate-term	T079	C1515273
28276986	1014	1019	weeks	T079	C0439230
28276986	1021	1024	SMD	T081	C0392762
28276986	1044	1051	Steroid	T109	C0038317
28276986	1071	1079	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28276986	1083	1091	function	T169	C0542341
28276986	1099	1109	short-term	T079	C0443303
28276986	1118	1123	weeks	T079	C0439230
28276986	1125	1128	SMD	T081	C0392762
28276986	1153	1158	weeks	T079	C0439230
28276986	1160	1163	SMD	T081	C0392762
28276986	1191	1194	PRP	T031	C0370220
28276986	1211	1218	steroid	T109	C0038317
28276986	1223	1234	pain relief	T061	C0451615
28276986	1242	1251	long-term	T079	C0443252
28276986	1258	1262	year	T079	C0439234
28276986	1264	1267	SMD	T081	C0392762
28276986	1286	1294	one year	T079	C4082117
28276986	1296	1299	SMD	T081	C0392762
28276986	1333	1341	function	T169	C0542341
28276986	1342	1351	improving	T080	C1272745
28276986	1359	1376	intermediate-term	T079	C1515273
28276986	1381	1386	weeks	T079	C0439230
28276986	1388	1391	SMD	T081	C0392762
28276986	1419	1428	long-term	T079	C0443252
28276986	1435	1439	year	T079	C0439234
28276986	1441	1444	SMD	T081	C0392762
28276986	1464	1472	one year	T079	C4082117
28276986	1474	1477	SMD	T081	C0392762
28276986	1500	1507	serious	T080	C0205404
28276986	1508	1523	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28276986	1527	1536	treatment	T061	C0087111
28276986	1542	1550	observed	T169	C1441672
28276986	1562	1568	groups	T078	C0441833
28276986	1570	1579	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28276986	1583	1591	patients	T101	C0030705
28276986	1597	1599	LE	T047	C0039516
28276986	1603	1610	steroid	T109	C0038317
28276986	1626	1638	relieve pain	T061	C0451615
28276986	1657	1664	improve	T080	C1272745
28276986	1665	1673	function	T169	C0542341
28276986	1677	1682	elbow	T029	C0013769
28276986	1690	1700	short-term	T079	C0443303
28276986	1709	1714	weeks	T079	C0439230
28276986	1723	1728	weeks	T079	C0439230
28276986	1731	1734	PRP	T031	C0370220
28276986	1754	1763	effective	T080	C1704419
28276986	1767	1781	relieving pain	T061	C0451615
28276986	1786	1795	improving	T080	C1272745
28276986	1796	1804	function	T169	C0542341
28276986	1812	1829	intermediate-term	T079	C1515273
28276986	1834	1839	weeks	T079	C0439230
28276986	1845	1854	long-term	T079	C0443252
28276986	1861	1865	year	T079	C0439234
28276986	1870	1878	one year	T079	C4082117
28276986	1897	1906	long-term	T079	C0443252
28276986	1907	1920	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28276986	1924	1927	PRP	T031	C0370220
28276986	1932	1941	recommend	T078	C0034866
28276986	1942	1945	PRP	T031	C0370220
28276986	1953	1962	preferred	T078	C0558295
28276986	1963	1969	option	T169	C1518601
28276986	1974	1976	LE	T047	C0039516

28277099|t|CD169 is a marker for highly pathogenic phagocytes in multiple sclerosis
28277099|a|Phagocytes, such as macrophages and microglia, are key effector cells in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). It is widely accepted that they instigate and promote neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative events in MS. An increasing amount of studies indicate that Siglec-1, also known CD169, is a marker for activated phagocytes in inflammatory disorders. In this study, we set out to define how CD169(+) phagocytes contribute to neuroinflammation in MS. CD169 - diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR) mice, which express human DTR under control of the CD169 promoter, were used to define the impact of CD169(+) cells on neuroinflammation. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry were utilized to determine the expression and distribution of CD169. We show that CD169 is highly expressed by lesional and circulating phagocytes in MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our data further indicate that CD169 represents a selective marker for early activated microglia in MS and EAE lesions. Depletion of CD169(+) cells markedly reduced neuroinflammation and ameliorated disease symptoms in EAE - affected mice. Our findings indicate that CD169(+) cells promote neuroinflammation. Furthermore, they suggest that CD169(+) phagocytes play a key role in the pathophysiology of MS. Hence, targeting CD169(+) phagocytes may hold therapeutic value for MS.
28277099	0	5	CD169	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	11	17	marker	T201	C0005516
28277099	22	28	highly	T080	C0205250
28277099	29	39	pathogenic	T169	C0543483
28277099	40	50	phagocytes	T025	C0031307
28277099	54	72	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
28277099	73	83	Phagocytes	T025	C0031307
28277099	93	104	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28277099	109	118	microglia	T025	C0206116
28277099	128	142	effector cells	T025	C0312740
28277099	150	165	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28277099	169	187	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
28277099	189	191	MS	T047	C0026769
28277099	207	215	accepted	T080	C1272684
28277099	226	235	instigate	T078	C1548602
28277099	240	247	promote	T169	C0205245
28277099	248	265	neuroinflammatory	T169	C0333348
28277099	270	287	neurodegenerative	T049	C0027746
28277099	288	294	events	T051	C0441471
28277099	298	300	MS	T047	C0026769
28277099	305	315	increasing	T169	C0442808
28277099	316	322	amount	T081	C1265611
28277099	326	333	studies	T062	C2603343
28277099	348	356	Siglec-1	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	369	374	CD169	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	381	387	marker	T201	C0005516
28277099	392	401	activated	T169	C0205177
28277099	402	412	phagocytes	T025	C0031307
28277099	416	438	inflammatory disorders	T047	C1290884
28277099	448	453	study	T062	C2603343
28277099	480	488	CD169(+)	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	489	499	phagocytes	T025	C0031307
28277099	500	510	contribute	T052	C1880177
28277099	514	531	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
28277099	535	537	MS	T047	C0026769
28277099	539	544	CD169	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	547	572	diphtheria toxin receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0058402
28277099	574	577	DTR	T116,T129,T192	C0058402
28277099	579	583	mice	T015	C0025929
28277099	599	604	human	T016	C0086418
28277099	605	608	DTR	T116,T129,T192	C0058402
28277099	615	622	control	T080	C0243148
28277099	630	635	CD169	T028	C1420266
28277099	636	644	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28277099	651	655	used	T169	C1524063
28277099	670	676	impact	T080	C4049986
28277099	680	688	CD169(+)	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	689	694	cells	T025	C0007634
28277099	698	715	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
28277099	717	731	Flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28277099	736	756	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28277099	762	770	utilized	T169	C1524063
28277099	788	798	expression	T045	C0597360
28277099	819	824	CD169	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	839	844	CD169	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	848	854	highly	T080	C0205250
28277099	855	864	expressed	T045	C0597360
28277099	868	876	lesional	T033	C0221198
28277099	881	892	circulating	T040	C1516559
28277099	893	903	phagocytes	T025	C0031307
28277099	907	909	MS	T047	C0026769
28277099	914	955	experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	T050	C0014072
28277099	957	960	EAE	T050	C0014072
28277099	967	971	data	T078	C1511726
28277099	994	999	CD169	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	1000	1010	represents	T052	C1882932
28277099	1023	1029	marker	T201	C0005516
28277099	1040	1059	activated microglia	T025	C0206116
28277099	1063	1065	MS	T047	C0026769
28277099	1070	1073	EAE	T050	C0014072
28277099	1074	1081	lesions	T033	C0221198
28277099	1083	1092	Depletion	T169	C0333668
28277099	1096	1104	CD169(+)	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	1105	1110	cells	T025	C0007634
28277099	1120	1127	reduced	T080	C0392756
28277099	1128	1145	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
28277099	1150	1161	ameliorated	T080	C0439856
28277099	1162	1169	disease	T047	C0012634
28277099	1170	1178	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28277099	1182	1185	EAE	T050	C0014072
28277099	1188	1196	affected	T169	C0392760
28277099	1197	1201	mice	T015	C0025929
28277099	1207	1215	findings	T033	C0243095
28277099	1216	1224	indicate	T078	C0392360
28277099	1230	1238	CD169(+)	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	1245	1252	promote	T169	C0205245
28277099	1253	1270	neuroinflammation	T046	C0021368
28277099	1303	1311	CD169(+)	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	1312	1322	phagocytes	T025	C0031307
28277099	1323	1327	play	T033	C0600138
28277099	1334	1338	role	T077	C1705810
28277099	1346	1361	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28277099	1365	1367	MS	T047	C0026769
28277099	1376	1385	targeting	T169	C1521840
28277099	1386	1394	CD169(+)	T116,T129,T192	C0142251
28277099	1395	1405	phagocytes	T025	C0031307
28277099	1415	1426	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28277099	1427	1432	value	T169	C0457083
28277099	1437	1439	MS	T047	C0026769

28277189|t|CXCL5 Plays a Promoting Role in Osteosarcoma Cell Migration and Invasion in Autocrine - and Paracrine -Dependent Manners
28277189|a|CXCL5, a CXC-type chemokine, is an important attractant for granulocytic immune cells by binding to its receptor CXCR2. Recently, CXCL5 / CXCR2 has been found to play an oncogenic role in many human cancers. However, the exact role of CXCL5 in osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion has not been revealed. Here we found that the protein expression of CXCL5 was significantly increased in osteosarcoma tissues compared with that in matched adjacent nontumor tissues. Moreover, the expression of CXCL5 was significantly associated with advanced clinical stage and metastasis. Further investigation showed that the CXCL5 expression levels were also significantly increased in osteosarcoma cell lines, including Saos-2, MG63, U2OS, and SW1353, when compared with those in normal osteoblast hFoB1.19 cells. U2OS cells were further transfected with CXCL5 - specific siRNA or overexpression plasmid. Knockdown of CXCL5 significantly suppressed U2OS cell migration and invasion. On the contrary, overexpression of CXLC5 remarkably promoted the migration and invasion of U2OS cells. Interestingly, both exogenous CXCL5 treatment and the conditioned medium of CXCL5 - overexpressing hFoB1.19 cells could also enhance the migration and invasion of U2OS cells, suggesting that the promoting role of CXCL5 in U2OS cell migration and invasion is also in a paracrine -dependent manner. According to these data, our study demonstrates that CXCL5 is upregulated in osteosarcoma and may play an oncogenic role in osteosarcoma metastasis. Therefore, CXCL5 may become a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma treatment.
28277189	0	5	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	32	44	Osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28277189	45	72	Cell Migration and Invasion	T191	C0027627
28277189	76	85	Autocrine	T042	C0596138
28277189	92	101	Paracrine	T039	C0597170
28277189	121	126	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	130	148	CXC-type chemokine	T116,T129	C0282553
28277189	181	206	granulocytic immune cells	T025	C0018183
28277189	210	239	binding to its receptor CXCR2	T044	C1149468
28277189	251	256	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	259	264	CXCR2	T116,T129,T192	C0527994
28277189	291	300	oncogenic	T116,T123	C0029005
28277189	314	319	human	T016	C0086418
28277189	320	327	cancers	T191	C0006826
28277189	356	361	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	365	377	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28277189	378	405	cell migration and invasion	T191	C0027627
28277189	452	470	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28277189	474	479	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	498	507	increased	T081	C0205217
28277189	511	523	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28277189	524	531	tissues	T024	C0040300
28277189	554	587	matched adjacent nontumor tissues	T024	C0040300
28277189	603	613	expression	T045	C1171362
28277189	617	622	CXCL5	T116,T129	C1435946
28277189	657	680	advanced clinical stage	T079	C0205563
28277189	685	695	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28277189	735	740	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	741	758	expression levels	T081	C3244092
28277189	783	792	increased	T081	C0205217
28277189	796	808	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28277189	809	819	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28277189	831	837	Saos-2	T025	C0085983
28277189	839	843	MG63	T025	C0085983
28277189	845	849	U2OS	T025	C0085983
28277189	855	861	SW1353	T025	C0085983
28277189	891	908	normal osteoblast	T025	C0029418
28277189	909	923	hFoB1.19 cells	T025	C0029418
28277189	925	935	U2OS cells	T025	C0085983
28277189	949	960	transfected	T045	C0314641
28277189	966	971	CXCL5	T028	C1332819
28277189	974	988	specific siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28277189	992	1006	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28277189	1007	1014	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28277189	1016	1025	Knockdown	T063	C2350567
28277189	1029	1034	CXCL5	T028	C1332819
28277189	1049	1059	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28277189	1060	1064	U2OS	T025	C0085983
28277189	1065	1092	cell migration and invasion	T191	C0027627
28277189	1111	1125	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28277189	1129	1134	CXLC5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	1159	1181	migration and invasion	T191	C0027627
28277189	1185	1195	U2OS cells	T025	C0085983
28277189	1217	1226	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28277189	1227	1232	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	1233	1242	treatment	T169	C0039798
28277189	1273	1278	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	1281	1295	overexpressing	T045	C1514559
28277189	1296	1310	hFoB1.19 cells	T025	C0029418
28277189	1334	1356	migration and invasion	T191	C0027627
28277189	1360	1370	U2OS cells	T025	C0085983
28277189	1410	1415	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	1419	1423	U2OS	T025	C0085983
28277189	1424	1451	cell migration and invasion	T191	C0027627
28277189	1465	1474	paracrine	T039	C0597170
28277189	1547	1552	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	1571	1583	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28277189	1600	1609	oncogenic	T116,T123	C0029005
28277189	1618	1630	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28277189	1631	1641	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28277189	1654	1659	CXCL5	T116,T123	C1955899
28277189	1673	1682	potential	T080	C3245505
28277189	1683	1701	therapeutic target	T169	C0205245
28277189	1706	1718	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28277189	1719	1728	treatment	T169	C0039798

28277316|t|CXCL14 - CXCR4 and CXCL12 - CXCR4 Axes May Play Important Roles in the Unique Invasion Process of Endometrioid Carcinoma With MELF-Pattern Myoinvasion
28277316|a|The term " MELF-pattern myometrial invasion " (MELF pattern) denotes an unusual morphology of myometrial invasion in endometrioid carcinomas, and is associated with frequent lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastasis. In this study, tumor cells were directly collected from a MELF pattern site, using laser microdissection. Comprehensive microarray analysis of the genes was conducted, and based on the results, expression of a metastasis progression gene, CXCR4, and its ligands CXCL14 and CXCL12, was further investigated. In vitro studies of endometrioid carcinoma cell lines revealed elevated invasion activity in a manner dependent on the CXCL14 - CXCR4 or CXCL12 - CXCR4 axis. Immunohistochemical analysis of 93 (MELF group, 46; non-MELF group, 47) cases illustrated CXCR4 was expressed in all endometrioid carcinomas, while based on CXCL14 and CXCL12 expression score, high proportions of cells were positive at the sites of the MELF pattern (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in progression-free survival or overall survival between MELF group and non-MELF group by Kaplan-Meier analysis. These findings suggest a possibility that cells at the sites of MELF pattern had acquired increased invasiveness through the function of the CXCL14 - CXCR4 and CXCL12 - CXCR4 axes.
28277316	0	6	CXCL14	T116,T129	C1335988
28277316	9	14	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28277316	19	25	CXCL12	T116,T129	C1528383
28277316	28	33	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28277316	78	86	Invasion	T033	C1269955
28277316	87	94	Process	T067	C1522240
28277316	98	120	Endometrioid Carcinoma	T191	C0206687
28277316	126	138	MELF-Pattern	T082	C0449774
28277316	139	150	Myoinvasion	T033	C1269955
28277316	162	174	MELF-pattern	T082	C0449774
28277316	175	185	myometrial	T029	C0521387
28277316	186	194	invasion	T033	C1269955
28277316	198	210	MELF pattern	T082	C0449774
28277316	223	230	unusual	T080	C2700116
28277316	231	241	morphology	T080	C0332437
28277316	245	255	myometrial	T029	C0521387
28277316	256	264	invasion	T033	C1269955
28277316	268	291	endometrioid carcinomas	T191	C0206687
28277316	300	315	associated with	T080	C0332281
28277316	325	348	lymphovascular invasion	T033	C1708790
28277316	353	374	lymph node metastasis	T191	C0024232
28277316	391	402	tumor cells	T025	C0334227
28277316	417	426	collected	T078	C1516695
28277316	434	446	MELF pattern	T082	C0449774
28277316	459	480	laser microdissection	T059	C1113652
28277316	482	495	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28277316	496	515	microarray analysis	T059	C1449575
28277316	523	528	genes	T028	C0017337
28277316	570	580	expression	T045	C1171362
28277316	586	620	metastasis progression gene, CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28277316	630	637	ligands	T044	C1749457
28277316	638	644	CXCL14	T116,T129	C1335988
28277316	649	655	CXCL12	T116,T129	C1528383
28277316	669	681	investigated	T169	C1292732
28277316	683	699	In vitro studies	T062	C0681828
28277316	703	725	endometrioid carcinoma	T191	C0206687
28277316	726	736	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28277316	746	754	elevated	T080	C3163633
28277316	755	763	invasion	T033	C1269955
28277316	764	772	activity	T052	C0441655
28277316	802	808	CXCL14	T116,T129	C1335988
28277316	811	816	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28277316	820	826	CXCL12	T116,T129	C1528383
28277316	829	834	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28277316	841	869	Immunohistochemical analysis	T059	C1441616
28277316	877	887	MELF group	T078	C0441833
28277316	893	907	non-MELF group	T078	C0441833
28277316	931	936	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28277316	941	950	expressed	T045	C1171362
28277316	958	981	endometrioid carcinomas	T191	C0206687
28277316	998	1004	CXCL14	T116,T129	C1335988
28277316	1009	1015	CXCL12	T116,T129	C1528383
28277316	1016	1026	expression	T045	C1171362
28277316	1027	1032	score	T081	C0449820
28277316	1034	1050	high proportions	T081	C1709707
28277316	1054	1059	cells	T025	C0007634
28277316	1065	1073	positive	T033	C1446409
28277316	1081	1086	sites	T082	C0205145
28277316	1094	1106	MELF pattern	T082	C0449774
28277316	1127	1152	no significant difference	T033	C0243095
28277316	1156	1181	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
28277316	1185	1201	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28277316	1210	1220	MELF group	T078	C0441833
28277316	1225	1239	non-MELF group	T078	C0441833
28277316	1243	1264	Kaplan-Meier analysis	T081	C1720943
28277316	1308	1313	cells	T025	C0007634
28277316	1321	1326	sites	T082	C0205145
28277316	1330	1342	MELF pattern	T082	C0449774
28277316	1356	1365	increased	T081	C0205217
28277316	1366	1378	invasiveness	T046	C0027626
28277316	1391	1399	function	T039	C0031843
28277316	1407	1413	CXCL14	T116,T129	C1335988
28277316	1416	1421	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28277316	1426	1432	CXCL12	T116,T129	C1528383
28277316	1435	1440	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110

28277879|t|Crude 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) did not cause skin irritation in humans in 48-h patch test
28277879|a|Crude 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (MCHM) is an industrial chemical used to wash and clean coal. On January 9th, 2014 approximately 10,000 gallons of a mixture containing crude MCHM were released into the Elk River near Charleston, West Virginia, contaminating the local water supply. Following the spill, residents reported numerous health complaints, and sought medical attention for ailments including rashes and itching. The relationship between the complaints and the spill were unknown, as such symptoms are reported frequently in the background. In this study, the primary irritation potential of crude MCHM was evaluated in 206 individuals who underwent 48 hour semi-occluded patch testing. MCHM concentrations assessed in this study were 1, 5, 15, and 100 ppm. No appreciable skin reactions were observed in individuals at any concentration. Three of the five concentrations evaluated were above the highest measured concentration of MCHM in the tap water of residents in West Virginia (3.7 ppm). The results of this study suggest that crude MCHM would not be a dermal irritant for the vast majority, if not all, potentially exposed persons at the concentrations in the water reported after the spill.
28277879	0	5	Crude	T080	C1709843
28277879	6	33	4-methylcyclohexanemethanol	T109	C4277102
28277879	35	39	MCHM	T109	C4277102
28277879	49	54	cause	T169	C0015127
28277879	55	70	skin irritation	T033	C0152030
28277879	74	80	humans	T016	C0086418
28277879	84	88	48-h	T079	C0439586
28277879	89	99	patch test	T060	C0030646
28277879	100	105	Crude	T080	C1709843
28277879	106	133	4-methylcyclohexanemethanol	T109	C4277102
28277879	135	139	MCHM	T109	C4277102
28277879	147	157	industrial	T057	C0021267
28277879	158	166	chemical	T103	C0220806
28277879	175	179	wash	T052	C0441648
28277879	184	189	clean	T052	C1947930
28277879	190	194	coal	T109	C0009131
28277879	231	245	10,000 gallons	T081	C0560013
28277879	251	258	mixture	T167	C0439962
28277879	270	275	crude	T080	C1709843
28277879	276	280	MCHM	T109	C4277102
28277879	304	313	Elk River	T070	C0337050
28277879	319	329	Charleston	T083	C0017446
28277879	331	344	West Virginia	T083	C0043127
28277879	346	359	contaminating	T169	C0205279
28277879	364	369	local	T082	C0205276
28277879	370	382	water supply	T081	C0043062
28277879	398	403	spill	T069	C0392355
28277879	405	414	residents	T098	C2347958
28277879	415	423	reported	T058	C0700287
28277879	424	432	numerous	T081	C0439064
28277879	433	450	health complaints	T184	C0871764
28277879	463	480	medical attention	T033	C0496675
28277879	485	493	ailments	T184	C0221423
28277879	504	510	rashes	T184	C0015230
28277879	515	522	itching	T184	C0033774
28277879	528	540	relationship	T080	C0439849
28277879	553	563	complaints	T184	C0871764
28277879	572	577	spill	T069	C0392355
28277879	600	608	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28277879	613	621	reported	T058	C0700287
28277879	622	632	frequently	T079	C0332183
28277879	660	665	study	T062	C2603343
28277879	671	678	primary	T080	C0205225
28277879	679	689	irritation	T033	C0152030
28277879	690	699	potential	T080	C3245505
28277879	703	708	crude	T080	C1709843
28277879	709	713	MCHM	T109	C4277102
28277879	718	727	evaluated	T169	C1292732
28277879	735	746	individuals	T098	C0237401
28277879	761	768	48 hour	T079	C0439586
28277879	769	782	semi-occluded	T169	C1947917
28277879	783	796	patch testing	T060	C0030646
28277879	798	802	MCHM	T109	C4277102
28277879	803	817	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28277879	835	840	study	T062	C2603343
28277879	884	898	skin reactions	T201	C0221743
28277879	916	927	individuals	T098	C0237401
28277879	935	948	concentration	T081	C1446561
28277879	968	982	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28277879	983	992	evaluated	T169	C1292732
28277879	1016	1038	measured concentration	T081	C1446561
28277879	1042	1046	MCHM	T109	C4277102
28277879	1054	1063	tap water	T121,T197	C2919405
28277879	1067	1076	residents	T098	C2347958
28277879	1080	1093	West Virginia	T083	C0043127
28277879	1109	1116	results	T169	C1274040
28277879	1125	1130	study	T062	C2603343
28277879	1144	1149	crude	T080	C1709843
28277879	1150	1154	MCHM	T109	C4277102
28277879	1170	1176	dermal	T080	C0221928
28277879	1177	1185	irritant	T131	C0022108
28277879	1241	1248	persons	T098	C0027361
28277879	1256	1270	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28277879	1278	1283	water	T121,T197	C2919405
28277879	1284	1292	reported	T058	C0700287
28277879	1303	1308	spill	T069	C0392355

28277932|t|Trans-kingdom small RNA transfer during host-pathogen interactions: The case of P. falciparum and erythrocytes
28277932|a|This review focuses on the role of trans-kingdom movement of small RNA (sRNA) molecules between parasites, particularly Plasmodium falciparum, and their respective host cells. While the intercellular transfer of sRNAs within organisms is well recognized, recent studies illustrate many examples of trans-kingdom sRNA exchange within the context of host-parasite interactions. These interactions are predominantly found in the transfer of host sRNAs between erythrocytes and the invading P. falciparum, as well as other host cell types. In addition, parasite - encoded sRNAs can also be transferred to host cells to evade the immune system. The transport of these parasite sRNAs in the body fluids of the host may also offer means to detect and monitor the parasite infection. These isolated examples may only represent the tip of the iceberg in which the transfer of sRNA between host and parasites is a critical aspect of host-pathogen interactions. In addition, the levels of these sRNAs and their speed of transfer may vary dramatically under different contexts to push the biologic equilibrium toward the benefit of hosts vs. parasites. Therefore, these sRNA transfers may offer potential strategies to detect, prevent or treat parasite infections. Here, we review a brief history of the discovery of host erythrocyte sRNAs, their transfers and interactions in the context of P. falciparum infection. We also provide examples and discuss the functional significance of the reciprocal transfer of parasite - encoded sRNAs into hosts. These understandings of sRNA exchanges are put in the context of their implications for parasite pathogenesis, host defenses and the evolution of host polymorphisms driven by host interactions with these parasites.
28277932	0	13	Trans-kingdom	T045	C0887912
28277932	14	23	small RNA	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	24	32	transfer	T169	C0205245
28277932	40	66	host-pathogen interactions	T040	C1752856
28277932	80	93	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
28277932	98	110	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
28277932	146	168	trans-kingdom movement	T045	C0887912
28277932	172	181	small RNA	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	183	187	sRNA	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	189	198	molecules	T167	C2324358
28277932	207	216	parasites	T204	C0030498
28277932	231	252	Plasmodium falciparum	T204	C0032150
28277932	275	285	host cells	T026	C1819995
28277932	297	310	intercellular	T030	C0015352
28277932	311	319	transfer	T169	C0205245
28277932	323	328	sRNAs	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	336	345	organisms	T001	C0029235
28277932	373	380	studies	T062	C2603343
28277932	397	405	examples	T077	C1707959
28277932	409	422	trans-kingdom	T045	C0887912
28277932	423	427	sRNA	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	428	436	exchange	T045	C1749881
28277932	448	455	context	T078	C0449255
28277932	459	485	host-parasite interactions	T070	C0020034
28277932	493	505	interactions	T169	C1704675
28277932	524	529	found	T033	C0150312
28277932	537	545	transfer	T169	C0205245
28277932	549	553	host	T001	C1167395
28277932	554	559	sRNAs	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	568	580	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
28277932	598	611	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
28277932	630	645	host cell types	T026	C1819995
28277932	660	668	parasite	T204	C0030498
28277932	671	678	encoded	T169	C0205245
28277932	679	684	sRNAs	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	697	711	transferred to	T033	C4049693
28277932	712	722	host cells	T026	C1819995
28277932	736	749	immune system	T022	C0020962
28277932	755	764	transport	T044	C1519628
28277932	774	782	parasite	T204	C0030498
28277932	783	788	sRNAs	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	796	807	body fluids	T031	C0005889
28277932	815	819	host	T001	C1167395
28277932	844	850	detect	T033	C0442726
28277932	855	862	monitor	T169	C0205245
28277932	867	885	parasite infection	T047	C0030499
28277932	893	910	isolated examples	T077	C1707959
28277932	966	974	transfer	T169	C0205245
28277932	978	982	sRNA	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	991	995	host	T001	C1167395
28277932	1000	1009	parasites	T204	C0030498
28277932	1034	1060	host-pathogen interactions	T040	C1752856
28277932	1079	1085	levels	T080	C0441889
28277932	1095	1100	sRNAs	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	1111	1116	speed	T081	C0678536
28277932	1120	1128	transfer	T169	C0205245
28277932	1157	1166	different	T080	C1705242
28277932	1167	1175	contexts	T078	C0449255
28277932	1188	1196	biologic	T080	C0205460
28277932	1197	1208	equilibrium	T040	C0014653
28277932	1220	1227	benefit	T081	C0814225
28277932	1231	1236	hosts	T001	C1167395
28277932	1241	1250	parasites	T204	C0030498
28277932	1269	1273	sRNA	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	1274	1283	transfers	T169	C0205245
28277932	1294	1303	potential	T080	C3245505
28277932	1318	1324	detect	T033	C0442726
28277932	1326	1333	prevent	T169	C0205245
28277932	1337	1342	treat	T169	C1522326
28277932	1343	1362	parasite infections	T047	C0030499
28277932	1416	1420	host	T001	C1167395
28277932	1421	1432	erythrocyte	T025	C0014792
28277932	1433	1438	sRNAs	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	1446	1455	transfers	T169	C0205245
28277932	1460	1472	interactions	T169	C1704675
28277932	1480	1487	context	T078	C0449255
28277932	1491	1514	P. falciparum infection	T047	C0858318
28277932	1532	1540	examples	T077	C1707959
28277932	1557	1567	functional	T169	C0205245
28277932	1568	1580	significance	T078	C0750502
28277932	1588	1598	reciprocal	T080	C1882911
28277932	1599	1607	transfer	T169	C0205245
28277932	1611	1619	parasite	T204	C0030498
28277932	1622	1629	encoded	T169	C0205245
28277932	1630	1635	sRNAs	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	1641	1646	hosts	T001	C1167395
28277932	1672	1676	sRNA	T114,T123	C0035709
28277932	1677	1686	exchanges	T045	C1749881
28277932	1702	1709	context	T078	C0449255
28277932	1736	1744	parasite	T204	C0030498
28277932	1745	1757	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28277932	1759	1772	host defenses	T042	C0520990
28277932	1781	1790	evolution	T045	C0015219
28277932	1794	1798	host	T001	C1167395
28277932	1799	1812	polymorphisms	T080	C1882417
28277932	1823	1827	host	T001	C1167395
28277932	1828	1840	interactions	T169	C1704675
28277932	1852	1861	parasites	T204	C0030498

28278087|t|Laccase - immobilized dendritic nanofibrous membranes as a novel approach towards the removal of bisphenol A
28278087|a|Laccase enzymes from Rhus vernificera were covalently bound on hyperbranched polyethyleneimine / polyethersulfone (HPEI / PES) electrospun nanofibrous membranes and used for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from water. The laccase enzyme was anchored on the dendritic membranes through the abundant peripheral amine groups on the HPEI using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker. The membranes were characterized with attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Furthermore, contact-angle analyses, pure water flux measurements and rejection analyses were carried out. CLEM showed that the enzymes were uniformly dispersed on the nanofibres while SEM analysis revealed that the nanofibres had an average diameter of 354 ± 37 nm. EDS showed the presence of Cu, which is the active entity in laccase enzymes. The laccase -modified membranes were hydrophilic (50°-53° contact angle) and exhibited high BPA rejection of 89.6% as compared to the 52.4% demonstrated by pristine PES. The laccase -modified membranes also maintained a constant permeate flux (7.07 ± 5.54 L/m(2) h) throughout the filtration process. Recyclability studies indicated that the membranes still maintained a high BPA removal of up to 79% even after four filtration cycles.
28278087	0	7	Laccase	T116,T126	C0064566
28278087	10	21	immobilized	T116,T126,T130	C0014444
28278087	22	31	dendritic	T080	C0439640
28278087	32	53	nanofibrous membranes	T073	C1881960
28278087	59	73	novel approach	T082	C0449445
28278087	86	93	removal	T052	C1883720
28278087	97	108	bisphenol A	T109,T131	C0053800
28278087	109	124	Laccase enzymes	T116,T126	C0064566
28278087	130	146	Rhus vernificera	T002	C0330959
28278087	152	168	covalently bound	T044	C1511539
28278087	172	203	hyperbranched polyethyleneimine	T109,T130	C0032486
28278087	206	222	polyethersulfone	T109,T122	C0071556
28278087	224	228	HPEI	T109,T130	C0032486
28278087	231	234	PES	T109,T122	C0071556
28278087	236	247	electrospun	T170	C0025663
28278087	248	269	nanofibrous membranes	T073	C1881960
28278087	287	294	removal	T052	C1883720
28278087	298	309	bisphenol A	T109,T131	C0053800
28278087	311	314	BPA	T109,T131	C0053800
28278087	321	326	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28278087	332	346	laccase enzyme	T116,T126	C0064566
28278087	351	359	anchored	T061	C1293132
28278087	367	386	dendritic membranes	T073	C1706182
28278087	408	418	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28278087	419	431	amine groups	T109	C1879694
28278087	439	443	HPEI	T109,T130	C0032486
28278087	450	464	glutaraldehyde	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
28278087	470	481	crosslinker	T026	C1511546
28278087	487	496	membranes	T073	C1706182
28278087	521	531	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28278087	538	589	reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
28278087	591	619	scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
28278087	620	632	coupled with	T169	C1948027
28278087	633	669	energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy	T059	C2699997
28278087	671	678	SEM-EDS	T059	C0022885
28278087	684	716	ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy	T059	C0260250
28278087	721	762	correlative light and electron microscopy	T059	C0026018
28278087	764	768	CLEM	T059	C0026018
28278087	784	806	contact-angle analyses	T062	C0936012
28278087	808	836	pure water flux measurements	T059	C0022885
28278087	841	859	rejection analyses	T062	C0936012
28278087	878	882	CLEM	T059	C0026018
28278087	899	906	enzymes	T116,T126	C0064566
28278087	912	931	uniformly dispersed	T082	C0332624
28278087	939	949	nanofibres	T073	C1881960
28278087	956	959	SEM	T059	C0026020
28278087	960	968	analysis	T062	C0936012
28278087	969	977	revealed	T080	C0443289
28278087	987	997	nanofibres	T073	C1881960
28278087	1005	1021	average diameter	T081	C1301886
28278087	1038	1041	EDS	T059	C2699997
28278087	1065	1067	Cu	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28278087	1082	1095	active entity	T039	C0005529
28278087	1099	1114	laccase enzymes	T116,T126	C0064566
28278087	1120	1127	laccase	T116,T126	C0064566
28278087	1138	1147	membranes	T073	C1706182
28278087	1153	1164	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28278087	1203	1207	high	T080	C0205250
28278087	1208	1211	BPA	T109,T131	C0053800
28278087	1212	1221	rejection	T080	C1548437
28278087	1234	1242	compared	T052	C1707455
28278087	1272	1284	pristine PES	T109	C0029224
28278087	1290	1297	laccase	T116,T126	C0064566
28278087	1308	1317	membranes	T073	C1706182
28278087	1323	1333	maintained	T052	C0024501
28278087	1336	1358	constant permeate flux	T059	C0022885
28278087	1397	1415	filtration process	T068	C0016107
28278087	1417	1438	Recyclability studies	T062	C2603343
28278087	1458	1467	membranes	T073	C1706182
28278087	1474	1484	maintained	T052	C0024501
28278087	1487	1491	high	T080	C0205250
28278087	1492	1495	BPA	T109,T131	C0053800
28278087	1496	1503	removal	T052	C1883720
28278087	1533	1550	filtration cycles	T079	C1511572

28278150|t|Integrating molecular QTL data into genome-wide genetic association analysis: Probabilistic assessment of enrichment and colocalization
28278150|a|We propose a novel statistical framework for integrating the result from molecular quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping into genome-wide genetic association analysis of complex traits, with the primary objectives of quantitatively assessing the enrichment of the molecular QTLs in complex trait - associated genetic variants and the colocalizations of the two types of association signals. We introduce a natural Bayesian hierarchical model that treats the latent association status of molecular QTLs as SNP - level annotations for candidate SNPs of complex traits. We detail a computational procedure to seamlessly perform enrichment, fine-mapping and colocalization analyses, which is a distinct feature compared to the existing colocalization analysis procedures in the literature. The proposed approach is computationally efficient and requires only summary - level statistics. We evaluate and demonstrate the proposed computational approach through extensive simulation studies and analyses of blood lipid data and the whole blood eQTL data from the GTEx project. In addition, a useful utility from our proposed method enables the computation of expected colocalization signals using simple characteristics of the association data. Using this utility, we further illustrate the importance of enrichment analysis on the ability to discover colocalized signals and the potential limitations of currently available molecular QTL data. The software pipeline that implements the proposed computation procedures, enloc, is freely available at https://github.com/xqwen/integrative.
28278150	0	11	Integrating	T052	C1881786
28278150	12	21	molecular	T080	C1521991
28278150	22	25	QTL	T028	C0597336
28278150	26	30	data	T078	C1511726
28278150	36	76	genome-wide genetic association analysis	T063	C2350277
28278150	78	91	Probabilistic	T081	C0033204
28278150	92	102	assessment	T169	C1292732
28278150	106	116	enrichment	T077	C2986411
28278150	121	135	colocalization	T169	C0475264
28278150	155	176	statistical framework	T081,T170	C0026348
28278150	181	192	integrating	T052	C1881786
28278150	197	203	result	T169	C1274040
28278150	209	218	molecular	T080	C1521991
28278150	219	242	quantitative trait loci	T028	C0597336
28278150	244	247	QTL	T028	C0597336
28278150	249	256	mapping	T052	C1283195
28278150	262	302	genome-wide genetic association analysis	T063	C2350277
28278150	306	313	complex	T080	C0439855
28278150	314	320	traits	T032	C0599883
28278150	353	367	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
28278150	368	377	assessing	T169	C1292732
28278150	382	392	enrichment	T077	C2986411
28278150	400	409	molecular	T080	C1521991
28278150	410	414	QTLs	T028	C0597336
28278150	418	425	complex	T080	C0439855
28278150	426	431	trait	T032	C0599883
28278150	434	444	associated	T080	C0332281
28278150	445	461	genetic variants	T028	C0678941
28278150	470	485	colocalizations	T169	C0475264
28278150	497	502	types	T080	C0332307
28278150	506	517	association	T080	C0439849
28278150	518	525	signals	T067	C1710082
28278150	542	577	natural Bayesian hierarchical model	T081	C0242198
28278150	601	612	association	T080	C0439849
28278150	623	632	molecular	T080	C1521991
28278150	633	637	QTLs	T028	C0597336
28278150	641	644	SNP	T086	C0752046
28278150	647	652	level	T080	C0441889
28278150	679	683	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28278150	687	694	complex	T080	C0439855
28278150	695	701	traits	T032	C0599883
28278150	715	728	computational	T052	C1880157
28278150	729	738	procedure	T169	C2700391
28278150	761	771	enrichment	T077	C2986411
28278150	773	785	fine-mapping	T052	C1283195
28278150	790	804	colocalization	T169	C0475264
28278150	805	813	analyses	T062	C0936012
28278150	826	842	distinct feature	T080	C2348519
28278150	843	851	compared	T052	C1707455
28278150	868	882	colocalization	T169	C0475264
28278150	883	891	analysis	T062	C0936012
28278150	892	902	procedures	T169	C2700391
28278150	910	920	literature	T170	C0023866
28278150	935	943	approach	T082	C0449445
28278150	947	962	computationally	T052	C1880157
28278150	963	972	efficient	T080	C0442799
28278150	991	998	summary	T170	C1706244
28278150	1001	1006	level	T080	C0441889
28278150	1007	1017	statistics	T081	C2828391
28278150	1022	1030	evaluate	T169	C1292732
28278150	1060	1073	computational	T052	C1880157
28278150	1074	1082	approach	T082	C0449445
28278150	1091	1100	extensive	T080	C0205231
28278150	1101	1111	simulation	T066	C0009609
28278150	1112	1119	studies	T062	C2603343
28278150	1124	1132	analyses	T062	C0936012
28278150	1136	1147	blood lipid	T109	C0596192
28278150	1148	1152	data	T078	C1511726
28278150	1161	1172	whole blood	T031	C0370231
28278150	1173	1177	eQTL	T028	C0597336
28278150	1178	1182	data	T078	C1511726
28278150	1192	1204	GTEx project	T062	C4289040
28278150	1228	1235	utility	T170	C0025663
28278150	1254	1260	method	T170	C0025663
28278150	1273	1284	computation	T052	C1880157
28278150	1297	1311	colocalization	T169	C0475264
28278150	1312	1319	signals	T067	C1710082
28278150	1333	1348	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28278150	1356	1367	association	T080	C0439849
28278150	1368	1372	data	T078	C1511726
28278150	1385	1392	utility	T170	C0025663
28278150	1434	1444	enrichment	T077	C2986411
28278150	1445	1453	analysis	T062	C0936012
28278150	1481	1492	colocalized	T169	C0475264
28278150	1493	1500	signals	T067	C1710082
28278150	1509	1518	potential	T080	C3245505
28278150	1519	1530	limitations	T169	C0449295
28278150	1554	1563	molecular	T080	C1521991
28278150	1564	1567	QTL	T028	C0597336
28278150	1568	1572	data	T078	C1511726
28278150	1578	1586	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28278150	1625	1636	computation	T052	C1880157
28278150	1637	1647	procedures	T169	C2700391
28278150	1649	1654	enloc	T170	C0242356
28278150	1679	1715	https://github.com/xqwen/integrative	T170	C2349146

28278200|t|Unrealistic comparative optimism: An unsuccessful search for evidence of a genuinely motivational bias
28278200|a|One of the most accepted findings across psychology is that people are unrealistically optimistic in their judgments of comparative risk concerning future life events -they judge negative events as less likely to happen to themselves than to the average person. Harris and Hahn (2011), however, demonstrated how unbiased (non-optimistic) responses can result in data patterns commonly interpreted as indicative of optimism due to statistical artifacts. In the current paper, we report the results of 5 studies that control for these statistical confounds and observe no evidence for residual unrealistic optimism, even observing a ' severity effect ' whereby severe outcomes were overestimated relative to neutral ones (Studies 3 & 4). We conclude that there is no evidence supporting an optimism interpretation of previous results using the prevalent comparison method.
28278200	12	23	comparative	T062	C0683941
28278200	24	32	optimism	T041	C0237428
28278200	37	49	unsuccessful	T080	C1272705
28278200	50	56	search	T052	C1706202
28278200	61	69	evidence	T169	C0332120
28278200	85	102	motivational bias	T078	C0242568
28278200	119	127	accepted	T080	C1272684
28278200	128	136	findings	T033	C0243095
28278200	144	154	psychology	T091	C0033909
28278200	163	169	people	T098	C0027361
28278200	174	200	unrealistically optimistic	T033	C0564470
28278200	210	219	judgments	T041	C0022423
28278200	223	234	comparative	T062	C0683941
28278200	235	239	risk	T078	C0035647
28278200	251	257	future	T079	C0016884
28278200	258	269	life events	T032	C0557155
28278200	276	281	judge	T041	C0022423
28278200	282	297	negative events	T033	C1822593
28278200	316	322	happen	T052	C1709305
28278200	349	363	average person	T098	C0027361
28278200	365	371	Harris	T016	C0086418
28278200	376	380	Hahn	T016	C0086418
28278200	415	450	unbiased (non-optimistic) responses	T032	C0871261
28278200	465	478	data patterns	T058	C0511650
28278200	488	499	interpreted	T169	C1285553
28278200	517	525	optimism	T041	C0237428
28278200	533	554	statistical artifacts	T078	C0600366
28278200	592	599	results	T169	C1274040
28278200	605	612	studies	T062	C2603343
28278200	636	657	statistical confounds	T169	C0009673
28278200	670	681	no evidence	T080	C0332125
28278200	695	715	unrealistic optimism	T041	C0237428
28278200	736	751	severity effect	T080	C0439793
28278200	762	768	severe	T080	C0205082
28278200	769	777	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28278200	783	796	overestimated	T081	C0750572
28278200	823	830	Studies	T062	C2603343
28278200	842	850	conclude	T078	C1707478
28278200	865	876	no evidence	T080	C0332125
28278200	891	899	optimism	T041	C0237428
28278200	900	914	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28278200	918	926	previous	T079	C0205156
28278200	927	934	results	T169	C1274040
28278200	955	972	comparison method	T170	C0025663

28278674|t|New metabolites from the sponge -derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii J05B-7F-4
28278674|a|Two new metabolites, diorcinolic acid (1) and β-d-glucopyranosyl aspergillusene A (8), together with six diphenylethers (2-7), a diketopiperazine (9), a chromone (10) and a xanthone (11) were isolated from the fungus Aspergillus sydowii derived from the marine sponge Stelletta sp. The planar structures and their relative configurations were elucidated by analysing 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS data. Compound 8 is the first glycoside of phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpenes. Compounds 1 and 8 exhibited mild cytotoxicity against KB (human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells), HepG2 (human liver cancer cells) and HCT 116 (human colon cancer cells). All compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity and their abilities to suppress LPS -induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Compounds 2 and 4-7 showed mild antibacterial activity against human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus and fish pathogens Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio ichthyoenteri, and compounds 4 and 7 weakly suppressed NO production.
28278674	0	3	New	T080	C0205314
28278674	4	15	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28278674	25	31	sponge	T204	C0032699
28278674	41	47	fungus	T004	C0016832
28278674	48	77	Aspergillus sydowii J05B-7F-4	T004	C1085656
28278674	82	85	new	T080	C0205314
28278674	86	97	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28278674	99	115	diorcinolic acid	T123	C0870883
28278674	124	159	β-d-glucopyranosyl aspergillusene A	T109	C3253665
28278674	183	197	diphenylethers	T123	C0870883
28278674	207	223	diketopiperazine	T109,T121	C0058171
28278674	231	239	chromone	T109	C0008594
28278674	251	259	xanthone	T109	C0078604
28278674	270	278	isolated	T169	C0205409
28278674	288	294	fungus	T004	C0016832
28278674	295	314	Aspergillus sydowii	T004	C1085656
28278674	332	345	marine sponge	T204	C0032699
28278674	346	358	Stelletta sp	T204	C2800556
28278674	401	415	configurations	T082	C0026377
28278674	445	455	1D, 2D NMR	T070	C0028580
28278674	460	467	HRESIMS	T059	C0201742
28278674	468	472	data	T078	C1511726
28278674	474	482	Compound	T103	C1706082
28278674	498	507	glycoside	T109	C0017977
28278674	511	519	phenolic	T109,T121	C0359916
28278674	520	545	bisabolane sesquiterpenes	T109	C0036847
28278674	547	564	Compounds 1 and 8	T121	C1254351
28278674	575	579	mild	T080	C2945599
28278674	580	592	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28278674	601	603	KB	T025	C0022539
28278674	605	641	human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells	T025	C0022539
28278674	644	649	HepG2	T025	C2717940
28278674	651	675	human liver cancer cells	T025	C2717940
28278674	681	688	HCT 116	T025	C1258005
28278674	690	714	human colon cancer cells	T025	C1258005
28278674	721	730	compounds	T121	C1254351
28278674	736	745	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28278674	750	772	antibacterial activity	T052	C0441655
28278674	796	804	suppress	T169	C1260953
28278674	805	808	LPS	T109	C0023810
28278674	818	830	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28278674	832	834	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28278674	848	867	Compounds 2 and 4-7	T121	C1254351
28278674	875	879	mild	T080	C2945599
28278674	880	902	antibacterial activity	T033	C0243095
28278674	911	916	human	T016	C0086418
28278674	917	925	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28278674	926	947	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28278674	952	956	fish	T013	C0016163
28278674	957	966	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28278674	967	986	Streptococcus iniae	T007	C0318186
28278674	991	1011	Vibrio ichthyoenteri	T007	C1265314
28278674	1017	1034	compounds 4 and 7	T103	C1706082
28278674	1042	1052	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28278674	1053	1055	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128

28279617|t|The Diabetes Evaluation Framework for Innovative National Evaluations (DEFINE): Construct and Content Validation Using a Modified Delphi Method
28279617|a|In order to scale-up successful innovations, more evidence is needed to evaluate programs that attempt to address the rising prevalence of diabetes and the associated burdens on patients and the healthcare system. This study aimed to assess the construct and content validity of the Diabetes Evaluation Framework for Innovative National Evaluations (DEFINE), a tool developed to guide the evaluation, design and implementation with built-in knowledge translation principles. A modified Delphi method, including 3 individual rounds (questionnaire with 7-point agreement / importance Likert scales and/or open-ended questions) and 1 group round (open discussion) were conducted. Twelve experts in diabetes, research, knowledge translation, evaluation and policy from Canada (Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia) and Australia participated. Quantitative consensus criteria were an interquartile range of ≤1. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and confirmed by participants. An importance scale was used to determine a priority multi-level indicator set. Items rated very or extremely important by 80% or more of the experts were reviewed in the final group round to build the final set. Participants reached consensus on the content and construct validity of DEFINE, including its title, overall goal, 5-step evaluation approach, medical and nonmedical determinants of health schematics, full list of indicators and associated measurement tools, priority multi-level indicator set and next steps in DEFINE's development. Validated by experts, DEFINE has the right theoretic components to evaluate comprehensively diabetes prevention and management programs and to support acquisition of evidence that could influence the knowledge translation of innovations to reduce the burden of diabetes.
28279617	4	69	Diabetes Evaluation Framework for Innovative National Evaluations	T062	C0015194
28279617	71	77	DEFINE	T062	C0015194
28279617	80	89	Construct	T185	C2827421
28279617	94	101	Content	T077	C0456205
28279617	102	112	Validation	T062	C1519941
28279617	121	143	Modified Delphi Method	T062	C0011216
28279617	216	224	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28279617	225	233	programs	T170	C0376691
28279617	269	279	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28279617	283	291	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28279617	311	318	burdens	T078	C2828008
28279617	322	330	patients	T101	C0030705
28279617	339	356	healthcare system	T093	C0018696
28279617	363	368	study	T062	C2603343
28279617	378	384	assess	T058	C0184514
28279617	389	398	construct	T185	C2827421
28279617	403	419	content validity	T080	C1510592
28279617	427	492	Diabetes Evaluation Framework for Innovative National Evaluations	T062	C0015194
28279617	494	500	DEFINE	T062	C0015194
28279617	505	509	tool	T170	C0025663
28279617	523	528	guide	T170	C2825826
28279617	533	543	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28279617	545	551	design	T052	C1707689
28279617	556	570	implementation	T052	C1708476
28279617	576	594	built-in knowledge	T170	C0376554
28279617	595	617	translation principles	T078	C1254370
28279617	621	643	modified Delphi method	T062	C0011216
28279617	676	689	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28279617	703	712	agreement	T054	C0680240
28279617	715	739	importance Likert scales	T170	C4087094
28279617	747	767	open-ended questions	T061	C0508633
28279617	775	780	group	T078	C0441833
28279617	788	803	open discussion	T054	C0237576
28279617	828	835	experts	T097	C0009817
28279617	839	847	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28279617	849	857	research	T062	C0035168
28279617	859	880	knowledge translation	T062	C3494164
28279617	882	892	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28279617	897	903	policy	T170	C0242456
28279617	909	915	Canada	T083	C0006823
28279617	917	924	Ontario	T083	C0029040
28279617	926	932	Quebec	T083	C0034390
28279617	937	953	British Columbia	T083	C0006193
28279617	959	968	Australia	T083	C0004340
28279617	983	995	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28279617	996	1014	consensus criteria	T170	C0935549
28279617	1023	1042	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28279617	1050	1061	Qualitative	T080	C0205556
28279617	1062	1066	data	T078	C1511726
28279617	1072	1093	analyzed thematically	T062,T170	C0039778
28279617	1111	1123	participants	T098	C0679646
28279617	1128	1144	importance scale	T170	C4087094
28279617	1169	1177	priority	T079	C0549179
28279617	1178	1203	multi-level indicator set	T170	C0282574
28279617	1267	1274	experts	T097	C0009817
28279617	1296	1307	final group	T078	C0441833
28279617	1333	1336	set	T170	C0282574
28279617	1338	1350	Participants	T098	C0679646
28279617	1359	1368	consensus	T054	C0376298
28279617	1376	1383	content	T080	C1510592
28279617	1388	1406	construct validity	T080	C0681897
28279617	1410	1416	DEFINE	T062	C0015194
28279617	1439	1451	overall goal	T170	C0018017
28279617	1460	1479	evaluation approach	T058	C0220825
28279617	1481	1488	medical	T169	C0205476
28279617	1493	1503	nonmedical	T056	C0598464
28279617	1504	1537	determinants of health schematics	T058	C3658315
28279617	1578	1589	measurement	T169	C0242485
28279617	1590	1595	tools	T170	C0025663
28279617	1597	1605	priority	T079	C0549179
28279617	1606	1631	multi-level indicator set	T170	C0282574
28279617	1650	1658	DEFINE's	T062	C0015194
28279617	1659	1670	development	T169	C1527148
28279617	1672	1681	Validated	T062	C1519941
28279617	1685	1692	experts	T097	C0009817
28279617	1694	1700	DEFINE	T062	C0015194
28279617	1715	1735	theoretic components	T077	C1705248
28279617	1739	1747	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28279617	1748	1763	comprehensively	T080	C1880156
28279617	1764	1783	diabetes prevention	T065	C1659987
28279617	1788	1807	management programs	T061	C1303150
28279617	1823	1834	acquisition	T052	C1706701
28279617	1838	1846	evidence	T078	C3887511
28279617	1872	1893	knowledge translation	T062	C3494164
28279617	1897	1908	innovations	T078	C3826018
28279617	1912	1918	reduce	T080	C0392756
28279617	1923	1929	burden	T078	C2828008
28279617	1933	1941	diabetes	T047	C0011847

28279706|t|The neural legacy of a single concussion
28279706|a|It has been hypothesized that concussions impart lasting brain damage, even after a patient has ostensibly recovered. This hypothesis is based largely upon neuropathological studies in deceased athletes, however, leaving open the question of whether it can be detected in vivo. We measured neural responses to speech in collegiate student - athletes with a history of a single concussion from which they had recovered. These student - athletes had weaker responses to speech than age - and position - matched peers. This group difference suggests that concussions engender small, but detectable, changes in brain function prior to the emergence of frank behavioral indications.
28279706	4	10	neural	T169	C3714606
28279706	11	17	legacy	T081	C0242538
28279706	30	40	concussion	T037	C0006107
28279706	53	65	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28279706	71	82	concussions	T037	C0006107
28279706	83	89	impart	T080	C0332261
28279706	90	97	lasting	T079	C0443252
28279706	98	110	brain damage	T037	C0270611
28279706	125	132	patient	T101	C0030705
28279706	148	157	recovered	T080	C0521108
28279706	164	174	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28279706	184	191	largely	T081	C0549177
28279706	197	214	neuropathological	T169	C1521733
28279706	215	222	studies	T062	C2603343
28279706	226	234	deceased	T040	C0011065
28279706	235	243	athletes	T097	C0238703
28279706	301	309	detected	T061	C1511790
28279706	310	317	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28279706	322	330	measured	T080	C0444706
28279706	331	337	neural	T169	C3714606
28279706	338	347	responses	T032	C0871261
28279706	351	357	speech	T040	C0037817
28279706	361	379	collegiate student	T098	C0682177
28279706	382	390	athletes	T097	C0238703
28279706	398	405	history	T033	C0683519
28279706	418	428	concussion	T037	C0006107
28279706	449	458	recovered	T080	C0521108
28279706	466	473	student	T098	C0038492
28279706	476	484	athletes	T097	C0238703
28279706	489	495	weaker	T080	C1762617
28279706	496	505	responses	T032	C0871261
28279706	509	515	speech	T040	C0037817
28279706	521	524	age	T032	C0001779
28279706	531	539	position	T082	C0733755
28279706	542	549	matched	T080	C1708943
28279706	550	555	peers	T098	C0679739
28279706	562	567	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28279706	568	578	difference	T080	C1705242
28279706	579	587	suggests	T078	C1705535
28279706	593	604	concussions	T037	C0006107
28279706	605	613	engender	T169	C0015127
28279706	614	619	small	T081	C0700321
28279706	625	635	detectable	T201	C3830527
28279706	637	644	changes	T169	C0392747
28279706	648	662	brain function	T042	C0678908
28279706	663	668	prior	T079	C0332152
28279706	676	685	emergence	T079	C0175673
28279706	689	694	frank	T080	C1947931
28279706	695	717	behavioral indications	T184	C2706099

28280149|t|Engineering the ribosomal DNA in a megabase synthetic chromosome
28280149|a|We designed and synthesized a 976,067-base pair linear chromosome, synXII, based on native chromosome XII in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SynXII was assembled using a two-step method, specified by successive megachunk integration and meiotic recombination-mediated assembly, producing a functional chromosome in S. cerevisiae. Minor growth defect " bugs " detected in synXII, caused by deletion of tRNA genes, were rescued by introducing an ectopic copy of a single tRNA gene. The ribosomal gene cluster (rDNA) on synXII was left intact during the assembly process and subsequently replaced by a modified rDNA unit used to regenerate rDNA at three distinct chromosomal locations. The signature sequences within rDNA, which can be used to determine species identity, were swapped to generate a Saccharomyces synXII strain that would be identified as Saccharomyces bayanus by standard DNA barcoding procedures.
28280149	0	11	Engineering	T063	C0017387
28280149	16	29	ribosomal DNA	T114,T123	C0012933
28280149	35	64	megabase synthetic chromosome	T075	C0872017
28280149	95	130	976,067-base pair linear chromosome	T075	C0872017
28280149	132	138	synXII	T075	C0872017
28280149	156	170	chromosome XII	T026	C0008642
28280149	174	198	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28280149	199	205	SynXII	T075	C0872017
28280149	228	243	two-step method	T169	C0449851
28280149	269	290	megachunk integration	T063	C0017387
28280149	295	334	meiotic recombination-mediated assembly	T063	C0017387
28280149	348	358	functional	T169	C0205245
28280149	359	369	chromosome	T026	C0008642
28280149	373	386	S. cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28280149	388	407	Minor growth defect	T169	C1457869
28280149	410	414	bugs	T169	C1457869
28280149	417	425	detected	T033	C0442726
28280149	429	435	synXII	T075	C0872017
28280149	447	455	deletion	T045	C0017260
28280149	459	463	tRNA	T114,T123	C0035711
28280149	464	469	genes	T028	C0017337
28280149	502	514	ectopic copy	T028	C0017337
28280149	520	531	single tRNA	T114,T123	C0035711
28280149	532	536	gene	T028	C0017337
28280149	542	564	ribosomal gene cluster	T028	C0017258
28280149	566	570	rDNA	T028	C0017258
28280149	575	581	synXII	T075	C0872017
28280149	609	625	assembly process	T063	C0017387
28280149	657	665	modified	T169	C0392747
28280149	666	670	rDNA	T028	C0017258
28280149	684	694	regenerate	T169	C0334213
28280149	695	699	rDNA	T028	C0017258
28280149	718	739	chromosomal locations	T026	C0008633
28280149	755	764	sequences	T086	C0004793
28280149	772	776	rDNA	T028	C0017258
28280149	809	816	species	T185	C1705920
28280149	817	825	identity	T033	C0243095
28280149	854	867	Saccharomyces	T004	C0036024
28280149	868	874	synXII	T075	C0872017
28280149	875	881	strain	T001	C1518614
28280149	896	906	identified	T080	C0205396
28280149	910	931	Saccharomyces bayanus	T004	C1504647
28280149	935	943	standard	T080	C1442989

28280246|t|Stromal Gli2 activity coordinates a niche signaling program for mammary epithelial stem cells
28280246|a|The stem cell niche is a complex local signaling microenvironment that sustains stem cell activity during organ maintenance and regeneration. The mammary gland niche must support its associated stem cells while also responding to systemic hormonal regulation that triggers pubertal changes. We find that Gli2, the major Hedgehog pathway transcriptional effector, acts within mouse mammary stromal cells to direct a hormone-responsive niche signaling program by activating expression of factors that regulate epithelial stem cells as well as receptors for the mammatrophic hormones estrogen and growth hormone. Whereas prior studies implicate stem cell defects in human disease, this work shows that niche dysfunction may also cause disease, with possible relevance for human disorders and in particular the breast growth pathogenesis associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency.
28280246	0	7	Stromal	T024	C0040300
28280246	8	12	Gli2	T028	C0812306
28280246	36	41	niche	T022	C2350292
28280246	42	59	signaling program	T038	C3537152
28280246	64	71	mammary	T023	C0929301
28280246	72	82	epithelial	T080	C0221908
28280246	83	93	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28280246	98	113	stem cell niche	T022	C2350292
28280246	133	142	signaling	T038	C3537152
28280246	143	159	microenvironment	T082	C4072789
28280246	174	183	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28280246	184	192	activity	T169	C0205177
28280246	200	217	organ maintenance	T038	C1523004
28280246	222	234	regeneration	T040	C0815081
28280246	240	253	mammary gland	T023	C0929301
28280246	254	259	niche	T022	C2350292
28280246	288	298	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28280246	333	352	hormonal regulation	T040	C0920552
28280246	367	375	pubertal	T039	C0034011
28280246	376	383	changes	T169	C0392747
28280246	398	402	Gli2	T028	C0812306
28280246	414	430	Hedgehog pathway	T044	C1155468
28280246	431	455	transcriptional effector	T116,T123	C0599560
28280246	469	474	mouse	T015	C0026809
28280246	475	482	mammary	T023	C0929301
28280246	483	496	stromal cells	T025	C0162597
28280246	509	527	hormone-responsive	T169	C1512498
28280246	528	533	niche	T022	C2350292
28280246	534	551	signaling program	T038	C3537152
28280246	566	576	expression	T045	C0017262
28280246	602	612	epithelial	T080	C0221908
28280246	613	623	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28280246	635	644	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
28280246	653	674	mammatrophic hormones	T125	C0019932
28280246	675	683	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28280246	688	702	growth hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0037663
28280246	718	725	studies	T062	C2603343
28280246	736	745	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28280246	746	753	defects	T169	C0243067
28280246	757	762	human	T016	C0086418
28280246	763	770	disease	T047	C0012634
28280246	793	798	niche	T022	C2350292
28280246	799	810	dysfunction	T169	C0031847
28280246	826	833	disease	T047	C0012634
28280246	863	868	human	T016	C0086418
28280246	869	878	disorders	T047	C0012634
28280246	901	907	breast	T023	C0006141
28280246	908	914	growth	T040	C0018270
28280246	915	927	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28280246	953	970	pituitary hormone	T116,T125	C0032015
28280246	971	981	deficiency	T047	C0599750

28280318|t|The relationship between the spiritual attitude of the family caregivers of older patients with stroke and their burden
28280318|a|Stroke is a chronic condition that necessitates multidimensional and overwhelming care. The caregivers of stroke patients are faced with various stressors that can threaten different aspects of their health, especially their mental health. Spiritual attitude and being spiritually oriented contribute significantly to mental health and can be used as a strategy for adapting to the stressful events that are part of the role of caregiving. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the relationship between the spiritual attitude of the family caregivers of older patients with stroke and their burden. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2016. The study population consisted of all the family caregivers of older patients with stroke presenting to health care centers and nursing service companies of Gilan Province in Iran. The participants were selected through convenience sampling and consisted of 407 participants. Data were collected using the Spiritual Attitude Scale and the Caregiver Burden Inventory and were then analyzed in SPSS-18 using Pearson's correlation coefficient at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that 88.9% of the caregivers were females. The mean age of the participants was 38.3±8.8 years. The duration of caregiving was <5 years in 84.4% of the participants, while its mean was 4.2±2.5 years. The mean score of spiritual attitude was 108.77±6.20. The majority of the participants (49.3%) had moderate and relatively favorable spiritual attitude (a score of 72-120), 27.8% had high or favorable spiritual attitude; 8.7% had mild burden, 54.4% had moderate burden and 37% had favorable burden. The mean score of burden was 28±12.75. A statistically significant positive relationship was observed in this study between the mean score of spiritual attitude and the total score of burden in all its dimensions, namely, time dependence, as well as the developmental, physical, social and emotional dimensions. Providing strategies for improving spirituality, such as teaching spiritual self-care, can improve their burden. Given that such strategies are psychologically approved and pose no side effects, they can be used as an effective, low-cost and risk-free approach for all caregivers, so that they can acquire the necessary spiritual support for overcoming the stress caused by caring for family members through the reinforcement of their spiritual beliefs in the ultimate effort to provide effective care to older patients while maintaining their own health and quality of life.
28280318	4	16	relationship	T080	C0439849
28280318	29	38	spiritual	T033	C1821399
28280318	39	47	attitude	T041	C0004271
28280318	55	72	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
28280318	76	81	older	T098	C0001792
28280318	82	90	patients	T101	C0030705
28280318	96	102	stroke	T047	C0038454
28280318	113	119	burden	T080	C0870252
28280318	120	126	Stroke	T047	C0038454
28280318	132	149	chronic condition	T033	C4315615
28280318	155	167	necessitates	T080	C0027552
28280318	168	184	multidimensional	T082	C2347299
28280318	189	206	overwhelming care	T052	C1947933
28280318	212	222	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28280318	226	232	stroke	T047	C0038454
28280318	233	241	patients	T101	C0030705
28280318	265	274	stressors	T078	C0597530
28280318	284	292	threaten	T033	C0243095
28280318	293	302	different	T080	C1705242
28280318	303	310	aspects	T080	C1879746
28280318	320	326	health	T078	C0018684
28280318	345	358	mental health	T041	C0025353
28280318	360	369	Spiritual	T033	C1821399
28280318	370	378	attitude	T041	C0004271
28280318	389	400	spiritually	T078	C0237104
28280318	401	409	oriented	T033	C3842076
28280318	410	420	contribute	T052	C1880177
28280318	421	434	significantly	T078	C0750502
28280318	438	451	mental health	T041	C0025353
28280318	473	481	strategy	T041	C0679199
28280318	502	518	stressful events	T051	C0038444
28280318	540	558	role of caregiving	T054	C1328742
28280318	565	570	study	T062	C2603343
28280318	585	594	conducted	T169	C0205245
28280318	598	609	investigate	T169	C1292732
28280318	614	626	relationship	T080	C0439849
28280318	639	648	spiritual	T033	C1821399
28280318	649	657	attitude	T041	C0004271
28280318	665	682	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
28280318	686	691	older	T098	C0001792
28280318	692	700	patients	T101	C0030705
28280318	706	712	stroke	T047	C0038454
28280318	723	729	burden	T080	C0870252
28280318	736	747	descriptive	T170	C0678257
28280318	748	769	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28280318	774	783	conducted	T169	C0205245
28280318	797	813	study population	T098	C2348561
28280318	835	852	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
28280318	856	861	older	T098	C0001792
28280318	862	870	patients	T101	C0030705
28280318	876	882	stroke	T047	C0038454
28280318	883	893	presenting	T078	C0449450
28280318	897	916	health care centers	T073,T093	C1552427
28280318	921	936	nursing service	T058	C0028697
28280318	937	946	companies	T073,T092	C0683757
28280318	950	964	Gilan Province	T083	C1514578
28280318	968	972	Iran	T083	C0022065
28280318	978	990	participants	T098	C0679646
28280318	996	1004	selected	T052	C1707391
28280318	1013	1033	convenience sampling	T062	C0150095
28280318	1055	1067	participants	T098	C0679646
28280318	1069	1073	Data	T078	C1511726
28280318	1079	1088	collected	T169	C1516698
28280318	1099	1123	Spiritual Attitude Scale	T170	C1998888
28280318	1132	1158	Caregiver Burden Inventory	T170	C0034394
28280318	1173	1181	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28280318	1185	1192	SPSS-18	T062	C0871424
28280318	1199	1232	Pearson's correlation coefficient	T081	C0871052
28280318	1238	1256	significance level	T062	C0814896
28280318	1270	1277	results	T169	C1274040
28280318	1303	1313	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28280318	1319	1326	females	T032	C0086287
28280318	1332	1340	mean age	T032	C0001779
28280318	1348	1360	participants	T098	C0679646
28280318	1374	1379	years	T079	C0439234
28280318	1385	1407	duration of caregiving	T033	C4062067
28280318	1415	1420	years	T079	C0439234
28280318	1437	1449	participants	T098	C0679646
28280318	1478	1483	years	T079	C0439234
28280318	1489	1499	mean score	T081	C0449820
28280318	1503	1512	spiritual	T033	C1821399
28280318	1513	1521	attitude	T041	C0004271
28280318	1559	1571	participants	T098	C0679646
28280318	1584	1592	moderate	T080	C1881878
28280318	1608	1617	favorable	T080	C3640814
28280318	1618	1627	spiritual	T033	C1821399
28280318	1628	1636	attitude	T041	C0004271
28280318	1640	1645	score	T081	C0449820
28280318	1676	1685	favorable	T080	C3640814
28280318	1686	1695	spiritual	T033	C1821399
28280318	1696	1704	attitude	T041	C0004271
28280318	1720	1726	burden	T080	C0870252
28280318	1738	1746	moderate	T080	C1881878
28280318	1747	1753	burden	T080	C0870252
28280318	1766	1775	favorable	T080	C3640814
28280318	1776	1782	burden	T080	C0870252
28280318	1788	1798	mean score	T081	C0449820
28280318	1802	1808	burden	T080	C0870252
28280318	1825	1850	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28280318	1851	1859	positive	T033	C1446409
28280318	1860	1872	relationship	T080	C0439849
28280318	1877	1885	observed	T169	C1441672
28280318	1894	1899	study	T062	C2603343
28280318	1912	1922	mean score	T081	C0449820
28280318	1926	1935	spiritual	T033	C1821399
28280318	1936	1944	attitude	T041	C0004271
28280318	1959	1964	score	T081	C0449820
28280318	1968	1974	burden	T080	C0870252
28280318	1986	1996	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28280318	2006	2010	time	T079	C0040223
28280318	2011	2021	dependence	T080	C1701901
28280318	2038	2051	developmental	T080	C0458003
28280318	2053	2061	physical	T169	C0205485
28280318	2063	2069	social	T169	C0728831
28280318	2074	2083	emotional	T033	C0849912
28280318	2084	2094	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28280318	2106	2116	strategies	T041	C0679199
28280318	2121	2130	improving	T080	C1272745
28280318	2131	2143	spirituality	T078	C0237104
28280318	2153	2161	teaching	T065	C0039401
28280318	2162	2171	spiritual	T033	C1821399
28280318	2172	2181	self-care	T033	C3872897
28280318	2201	2207	burden	T080	C0870252
28280318	2225	2235	strategies	T041	C0679199
28280318	2240	2255	psychologically	T169	C0205486
28280318	2256	2264	approved	T080	C0205540
28280318	2274	2289	no side effects	T033	C0243095
28280318	2314	2323	effective	T080	C1704419
28280318	2325	2333	low-cost	T081	C0085550
28280318	2338	2347	risk-free	T033	C4036089
28280318	2365	2375	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28280318	2394	2401	acquire	T052	C1706701
28280318	2416	2433	spiritual support	T058	C0150355
28280318	2438	2448	overcoming	T052	C2983310
28280318	2453	2459	stress	T033	C0038435
28280318	2470	2476	caring	T055	C0150499
28280318	2481	2495	family members	T099	C0086282
28280318	2508	2521	reinforcement	T041	C0035007
28280318	2531	2548	spiritual beliefs	UnknownType	C0683811
28280318	2583	2592	effective	T080	C1704419
28280318	2593	2597	care	T052	C1947933
28280318	2601	2606	older	T098	C0001792
28280318	2607	2615	patients	T101	C0030705
28280318	2622	2633	maintaining	T169	C1314677
28280318	2644	2650	health	T078	C0018684
28280318	2655	2670	quality of life	T078	C0034380

28280631|t|Gastric metastasis of bilateral breast cancer
28280631|a|Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. The most frequent metastatic sites are lung, bone, liver and brain. On the other hand, gastric metastases are rare. Synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) occurs rarely. Lobular carcinoma is the histological type most often associated with bilateral breast carcinomas and gastric metastases. We made a retrospective study including four patients followed in the Salah Azaiez Institute, for a bilateral breast cancer with gastric metastases. We analyzed the epidemiological, anatomoclinical and therapeutic particularities of this rare entity. Symptoms were unspecific. The diagnosis of gastric metastasis of the SBBC was confirmed by a histopathological examination of an endoscopic biopsy. The median age was 46.2 years (range, 36-51 years) and the median time until the gastric involvement was 19 months (range, 0-41 months). None of patients had a surgical treatment for the gastric location. All Patients received at least one line of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Median survival following the detection of gastric involvement was 22 months (range, 1-56 months). Gastric metastases from breast cancer are rare and frequently associated with other distant metastasis. Symptoms are unspecific and endoscopy may not be contributive. Therefore, gastric involvement is underestimated. Lobular infiltrating carcinoma (LIC) is the most histological type incriminated in its occurrence. The supply of immunohistochemistry is crucial to distinguish between primary or metastatic gastric cancer.
28280631	0	7	Gastric	T080	C1704242
28280631	8	18	metastasis	T191	C0027627
28280631	22	45	bilateral breast cancer	T191	C0281267
28280631	46	59	Breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28280631	72	78	common	T081	C0205214
28280631	79	89	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28280631	93	98	women	T098	C0043210
28280631	109	117	frequent	T079	C0332183
28280631	118	128	metastatic	T169	C1522484
28280631	129	134	sites	T082	C0205145
28280631	139	143	lung	T023	C0024109
28280631	145	149	bone	T023	C0262950
28280631	151	156	liver	T023	C0023884
28280631	161	166	brain	T023	C0006104
28280631	187	194	gastric	T080	C1704242
28280631	195	205	metastases	T191	C0027627
28280631	210	214	rare	T080	C0522498
28280631	216	251	Synchronous bilateral breast cancer	T191	C0281267
28280631	253	257	SBBC	T191	C0281267
28280631	266	272	rarely	T080	C0522498
28280631	274	291	Lobular carcinoma	T191	C0206692
28280631	299	316	histological type	T191	C0027652
28280631	328	343	associated with	T080	C0332281
28280631	344	371	bilateral breast carcinomas	T191	C0281267
28280631	376	383	gastric	T080	C1704242
28280631	384	394	metastases	T191	C0027627
28280631	406	425	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28280631	426	435	including	T169	C0332257
28280631	436	440	four	T081	C0205450
28280631	441	449	patients	T101	C0030705
28280631	496	519	bilateral breast cancer	T191	C0281267
28280631	525	532	gastric	T080	C1704242
28280631	533	543	metastases	T191	C0027627
28280631	548	556	analyzed	T169	C1524024
28280631	561	576	epidemiological	T169	C0014508
28280631	578	593	anatomoclinical	T169	C0205245
28280631	598	609	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28280631	610	625	particularities	T080	C1522508
28280631	634	638	rare	T080	C0522498
28280631	639	645	entity	T071	C1551338
28280631	647	655	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
28280631	661	671	unspecific	T080	C0205370
28280631	677	686	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
28280631	690	697	gastric	T080	C1704242
28280631	698	708	metastasis	T191	C0027627
28280631	716	720	SBBC	T191	C0281267
28280631	725	737	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
28280631	740	757	histopathological	T169	C0243140
28280631	758	769	examination	T058	C0582103
28280631	776	793	endoscopic biopsy	T060	C0184980
28280631	799	824	median age was 46.2 years	T033	C0243095
28280631	833	844	36-51 years	T079	C0439234
28280631	854	909	median time until the gastric involvement was 19 months	T033	C0243095
28280631	918	929	0-41 months	T079	C0439231
28280631	940	948	patients	T101	C0030705
28280631	955	973	surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
28280631	982	989	gastric	T080	C1704242
28280631	990	998	location	T029	C0005898
28280631	1004	1012	Patients	T101	C0030705
28280631	1013	1021	received	T080	C1514756
28280631	1043	1055	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28280631	1060	1072	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28280631	1074	1089	Median survival	T079	C2986586
28280631	1090	1099	following	T079	C0332282
28280631	1104	1113	detection	T061	C1511790
28280631	1117	1136	gastric involvement	T029	C0005898
28280631	1141	1150	22 months	T079	C0439231
28280631	1159	1170	1-56 months	T079	C0439231
28280631	1173	1180	Gastric	T080	C1704242
28280631	1181	1191	metastases	T191	C0027627
28280631	1197	1210	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28280631	1215	1219	rare	T080	C0522498
28280631	1235	1250	associated with	T080	C0332281
28280631	1257	1264	distant	T082	C0443203
28280631	1265	1275	metastasis	T191	C0027627
28280631	1277	1285	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
28280631	1290	1300	unspecific	T080	C0205370
28280631	1305	1314	endoscopy	T060	C0014245
28280631	1319	1322	not	T169	C1518422
28280631	1326	1338	contributive	T052	C1880177
28280631	1351	1358	gastric	T080	C1704242
28280631	1359	1370	involvement	T169	C1314939
28280631	1390	1420	Lobular infiltrating carcinoma	T191	C0206692
28280631	1422	1425	LIC	T191	C0206692
28280631	1439	1456	histological type	T191	C0027652
28280631	1477	1487	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28280631	1503	1523	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28280631	1558	1565	primary	T080	C0205225
28280631	1569	1579	metastatic	T169	C1522484
28280631	1580	1594	gastric cancer	T191	C0699791

28280642|t|Severe Preeclampsia in the Setting of Myasthenia Gravis
28280642|a|Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disease that leads to progressive muscle weakness and is common during female reproductive years. The myasthenic mother and her newborn must be observed carefully, as complications during all stages of pregnancy and the puerperium may arise suddenly. Preeclampsia is a common obstetrical condition for which magnesium sulfate is used for seizure prophylaxis. However, magnesium sulfate is strongly contraindicated in MG as it impairs already slowed nerve - muscle connections. Similarly, many first-line antihypertensive medications, including calcium channels blockers and β-blockers, may lead to MG exacerbation. This case describes the effective obstetrical management of a patient with MG who developed severe preeclampsia. The effective use of levetiracetam and various antihypertensive medications including intravenous labetalol is described. A review of the ten reported cases of MG complicated by preeclampsia is examined to aggregate observations of clinical care, with focus on delivery methods, anticonvulsants, and antihypertensive medications.
28280642	0	19	Severe Preeclampsia	T046	C0341950
28280642	38	55	Myasthenia Gravis	T047	C0026896
28280642	56	73	Myasthenia gravis	T047	C0026896
28280642	75	77	MG	T047	C0026896
28280642	89	107	autoimmune disease	T047	C0004364
28280642	134	149	muscle weakness	T184	C0151786
28280642	171	177	female	T032	C0086287
28280642	178	190	reproductive	T040	C0035150
28280642	191	196	years	T079	C0439234
28280642	202	212	myasthenic	T047	C0026896
28280642	213	219	mother	T099	C0026591
28280642	228	235	newborn	T100	C0021289
28280642	267	280	complications	T046	C0009566
28280642	302	311	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28280642	320	330	puerperium	T079	C0034042
28280642	351	363	Preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
28280642	376	387	obstetrical	T169	C0205484
28280642	408	425	magnesium sulfate	T121,T197	C0024480
28280642	438	445	seizure	T184	C0036572
28280642	446	457	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
28280642	468	485	magnesium sulfate	T121,T197	C0024480
28280642	498	513	contraindicated	T033	C1444657
28280642	517	519	MG	T047	C0026896
28280642	549	554	nerve	T024	C0027740
28280642	557	563	muscle	T024	C0026845
28280642	564	575	connections	T023	C0086699
28280642	593	603	first-line	T061	C1708063
28280642	604	632	antihypertensive medications	T061	C0585941
28280642	644	684	calcium channels blockers and β-blockers	T121	C2193820
28280642	698	700	MG	T047	C0026896
28280642	701	713	exacerbation	T033	C4086268
28280642	720	724	case	T077	C1706256
28280642	749	760	obstetrical	T169	C0205484
28280642	777	784	patient	T101	C0030705
28280642	790	792	MG	T047	C0026896
28280642	807	826	severe preeclampsia	T046	C0341950
28280642	849	862	levetiracetam	T109,T121	C0377265
28280642	875	903	antihypertensive medications	T061	C0585941
28280642	914	925	intravenous	T082	C0348016
28280642	926	935	labetalol	T109,T121	C0022860
28280642	979	984	cases	T077	C1706256
28280642	988	990	MG	T047	C0026896
28280642	1006	1018	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
28280642	1022	1030	examined	T033	C0420616
28280642	1060	1068	clinical	T080	C0205210
28280642	1089	1105	delivery methods	T061	C0565867
28280642	1107	1122	anticonvulsants	T121	C0003286
28280642	1128	1156	antihypertensive medications	T061	C0585941

28280760|t|The Shear Bond Strength of Porcelain Laminate to Prepared and Unprepared Anterior Teeth
28280760|a|Porcelain laminate veneer is an esthetic restoration used as an alternative to full veneer crowns and requires minimal tooth preparation. In restoration with porcelain laminate veneers, both the longevity of the laminate and conservation of the sound tooth structure are imperative. The present study aimed to investigate the shear bond strength of porcelain laminates to prepared - and unprepared - anterior teeth in order to compare their longevity and success rate. Thirty extracted maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into 3 groups regarding their preparation methods. The preparation methods were full-preparation in group A, full-preparation and finishing with fine diamond bur in group B, and no-preparation, only grinding with diamond bur in group C. After conditioning the teeth, ceramic veneers (IP S e.max) were silanated and then cemented with DuoLink luting cement. The shear bond strength was measured for each group and failure mode was determined by stereomicroscopic examination. Group C exhibited the highest shear bond strength. The shear bond strength was significantly different between groups C and B (p< 0.05). However, the difference between group A and C was insignificant, as was the difference between group A and B (p> 0.05). Adhesion failure mode was found to be more common than the cohesive mode. Regarding the shear bond strength of unprepared anterior teeth to porcelain laminate veneers yielded by this study, no-preparation veneers might be used when the enamel is affected by wearing, trauma, or abrasion. It can also be used in patients who refuse the treatments which involve tooth reduction and preparation.
28280760	4	23	Shear Bond Strength	T070	C1135950
28280760	27	45	Porcelain Laminate	T061	C2110920
28280760	49	57	Prepared	T052	C1521827
28280760	62	72	Unprepared	T185	C4082133
28280760	73	81	Anterior	T082	C0205094
28280760	82	87	Teeth	T023	C0040426
28280760	88	113	Porcelain laminate veneer	T061	C2110920
28280760	120	128	esthetic	T091	C0014902
28280760	129	140	restoration	T061	C0399059
28280760	172	178	veneer	T074	C0559953
28280760	179	185	crowns	T074	C2363714
28280760	199	206	minimal	T080	C0547040
28280760	207	224	tooth preparation	T061	C0376508
28280760	229	240	restoration	T061	C0399059
28280760	246	272	porcelain laminate veneers	T061	C2110920
28280760	283	292	longevity	T079	C0023980
28280760	300	308	laminate	T061	C0011425
28280760	313	325	conservation	T080	C2347858
28280760	339	354	tooth structure	T023	C0040426
28280760	398	409	investigate	T169	C1292732
28280760	414	433	shear bond strength	T070	C1135950
28280760	437	456	porcelain laminates	T061	C2110920
28280760	460	468	prepared	T052	C1521827
28280760	475	485	unprepared	T185	C4082133
28280760	488	496	anterior	T082	C0205094
28280760	497	502	teeth	T023	C0040426
28280760	529	538	longevity	T079	C0023980
28280760	543	555	success rate	T080	C0679864
28280760	564	573	extracted	T061	C0185115
28280760	574	600	maxillary central incisors	T023	C1710579
28280760	630	636	groups	T078	C0441833
28280760	630	636	groups	T078	C0441833
28280760	653	672	preparation methods	T080	C0939975
28280760	678	697	preparation methods	T080	C0939975
28280760	703	719	full-preparation	T052	C1521827
28280760	723	728	group	T078	C0441833
28280760	732	748	full-preparation	T052	C1521827
28280760	753	762	finishing	T061	C0086117
28280760	773	784	diamond bur	T074	C3877426
28280760	788	793	group	T078	C0441833
28280760	801	815	no-preparation	T185	C4082133
28280760	822	830	grinding	T061	C1292832
28280760	836	847	diamond bur	T074	C3877426
28280760	851	856	group	T078	C0441833
28280760	883	888	teeth	T023	C0040426
28280760	890	905	ceramic veneers	T074	C2363598
28280760	907	917	IP S e.max	T074	C2363598
28280760	943	951	cemented	T031	C0011343
28280760	957	978	DuoLink luting cement	T122	C0967989
28280760	984	1003	shear bond strength	T070	C1135950
28280760	1026	1031	group	T078	C0441833
28280760	1036	1048	failure mode	T058	C4042853
28280760	1067	1096	stereomicroscopic examination	T059	C0200723
28280760	1098	1103	Group	T078	C0441833
28280760	1128	1147	shear bond strength	T070	C1135950
28280760	1153	1172	shear bond strength	T070	C1135950
28280760	1177	1190	significantly	T081	C4055637
28280760	1191	1200	different	T080	C1705242
28280760	1209	1215	groups	T078	C0441833
28280760	1248	1258	difference	T080	C1705242
28280760	1267	1272	group	T078	C0441833
28280760	1285	1298	insignificant	T033	C1273937
28280760	1311	1329	difference between	T081	C1705241
28280760	1330	1335	group	T078	C0441833
28280760	1355	1363	Adhesion	T070	C0175633
28280760	1364	1376	failure mode	T080	C4046088
28280760	1414	1422	cohesive	T070	C0597767
28280760	1423	1427	mode	T169	C1513371
28280760	1443	1462	shear bond strength	T070	C1135950
28280760	1466	1476	unprepared	T185	C4082133
28280760	1477	1485	anterior	T082	C0205094
28280760	1486	1491	teeth	T023	C0040426
28280760	1495	1521	porcelain laminate veneers	T061	C2110920
28280760	1545	1559	no-preparation	T185	C4082133
28280760	1560	1567	veneers	T074	C0559953
28280760	1591	1597	enamel	T031	C0011350
28280760	1613	1620	wearing	T169	C0231229
28280760	1622	1628	trauma	T037	C3714660
28280760	1633	1641	abrasion	T046	C0040428
28280760	1666	1674	patients	T101	C0030705
28280760	1690	1700	treatments	T061	C0087111
28280760	1715	1730	tooth reduction	T061	C0399004
28280760	1735	1746	preparation	T061	C0376508

28281265|t|Enhanced Performance of Colorimetric Biosensing on Paper Microfluidic Platforms Through Chemical Modification and Incorporation of Nanoparticles
28281265|a|This chapter describes two different methodologies used to improve the analytical performance of colorimetric paper -based biosensors. Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have been produced by a stamping process and CO2 laser ablation and modified, respectively, through an oxidation step and incorporation of silica nanoparticles on the paper structure. Both methods are employed in order to overcome the largest problem associated with colorimetric detection, the heterogeneity of the color distribution in the detection zones. The modification steps are necessary to improve the interaction between the paper surface and the selected enzymes. The enhanced performance has ensured reliability for quantitative analysis of clinically relevant compounds.
28281265	9	20	Performance	T052	C1882330
28281265	24	36	Colorimetric	T059	C0009407
28281265	37	47	Biosensing	T059	C0005567
28281265	51	56	Paper	T073	C0030351
28281265	57	79	Microfluidic Platforms	T059	C1449576
28281265	88	109	Chemical Modification	T169	C0205245
28281265	114	127	Incorporation	T169	C0243126
28281265	131	144	Nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28281265	182	195	methodologies	T062	C0015194
28281265	216	238	analytical performance	T052	C1882330
28281265	242	254	colorimetric	T059	C0009407
28281265	255	260	paper	T073	C0030351
28281265	268	278	biosensors	T075	C0600364
28281265	280	323	Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices	T075	C1449582
28281265	325	330	μPADs	T075	C1449582
28281265	356	372	stamping process	T067	C1254366
28281265	377	380	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28281265	381	395	laser ablation	T061	C0348007
28281265	400	408	modified	T080	C0205349
28281265	435	444	oxidation	T067	C1254366
28281265	445	449	step	T077	C1261552
28281265	471	477	silica	T122,T197	C0037098
28281265	478	491	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28281265	499	514	paper structure	T073	C0030351
28281265	521	528	methods	T170	C0025663
28281265	575	582	problem	T033	C0033213
28281265	583	598	associated with	T080	C0332281
28281265	599	621	colorimetric detection	T059	C0009407
28281265	627	640	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28281265	648	653	color	T080	C0009393
28281265	654	666	distribution	T169	C1704711
28281265	674	689	detection zones	T082	C1710706
28281265	695	707	modification	T169	C0205245
28281265	708	713	steps	T077	C1261552
28281265	743	754	interaction	T169	C1704675
28281265	767	772	paper	T073	C0030351
28281265	773	780	surface	T082	C0205148
28281265	798	805	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28281265	820	831	performance	T052	C1882330
28281265	844	855	reliability	T081	C2347947
28281265	860	872	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28281265	873	881	analysis	T062	C0936012
28281265	885	895	clinically	T080	C0205210
28281265	905	914	compounds	T103	C1706082

28281271|t|Development of Dual Quantitative Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Detection of Mycotoxins
28281271|a|Lateral flow immunoassays have been widely used in recent years for detection of toxins, heavy metals, and biomarkers. To improve the efficiency of individual lateral flow immunoassays, multiplex analytical strips play an important role in the detection of several important analytes. In this chapter, development of a dual lateral flow immunoassay is presented for detection of a variety of low molecular weight molecules. Various buffers, additives, and materials are introduced and evaluated. Depending on the analyte to be tested, the technique allows for selection of optimum buffers, additives, and other materials.
28281271	15	57	Dual Quantitative Lateral Flow Immunoassay	T059	C0523404
28281271	66	75	Detection	T033	C0243095
28281271	79	89	Mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
28281271	90	115	Lateral flow immunoassays	T059	C0523404
28281271	158	167	detection	T033	C0243095
28281271	171	177	toxins	T123,T131	C0040549
28281271	179	191	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
28281271	197	207	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28281271	238	274	individual lateral flow immunoassays	T059	C0523404
28281271	286	303	analytical strips	T130	C0034759
28281271	334	343	detection	T033	C0243095
28281271	365	373	analytes	T167	C0443354
28281271	409	438	dual lateral flow immunoassay	T059	C0523404
28281271	456	465	detection	T033	C0243095
28281271	482	512	low molecular weight molecules	T167	C0567416
28281271	522	529	buffers	T121,T130	C0006353
28281271	531	540	additives	T167	C1550602
28281271	546	555	materials	T167	C0520510
28281271	603	610	analyte	T167	C0443354
28281271	629	638	technique	T169	C0449851
28281271	663	678	optimum buffers	T121,T130	C0006353
28281271	680	689	additives	T167	C1550602
28281271	701	710	materials	T167	C0520510

28281477|t|Impact of seniority on operative time and short-term outcome in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Experience of an academic Surgical Department in a developing country
28281477|a|Resident participation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is one of the first steps of laparoscopic training. The impact of this training is not well-defined, especially in developing countries. However, this training is of critical importance to monitor surgical teaching programmes. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of seniority on operative time and short-term outcome of LC. We performed a retrospective study of all consecutive laparoscopic cholecystectomies for gallbladder lithiasis performed over 2 academic years in an academic Surgical Department in Morocco. These operations were performed by junior residents (post-graduate year [PGY] 4-5) or senior residents (PGY 6), or attending surgeons assisted by junior residents, none of whom had any advanced training in laparoscopy. All data concerning demographics (American Society of Anesthesiologists, body mass index and indications), surgeons, operative time (from skin incision to closure), conversion rate and operative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification) were recorded and analysed. One-way analysis of variance, Student's t-test and Chi-square tests were used as appropriate with statistical significance attributed to P < 0.05. One hundred thirty-eight LC were performed. No differences were found on univariate analysis between groups in demographics or diagnosis category. The overall rate of operative complications or conversions and hospital stay were not significantly different between the three groups. However, mean operative time was significantly longer for junior residents (n = 27; 115 ± 24 min) compared to senior residents (n = 37; 77 ± 35 min) and attending surgeons (n = 66; 55 ± 17 min) (P < 0.001). LC performed by residents appears to be safe without a significant difference in complication rate; however, seniority influences operative time. This information supports early resident involvement in laparoscopic procedures and also the need to develop cost-effective laboratory training programmes.
28281477	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
28281477	10	19	seniority	T080	C0205556
28281477	23	37	operative time	T079	C3494201
28281477	42	52	short-term	T079	C0443303
28281477	53	60	outcome	T080	C0085415
28281477	64	92	laparoscopic cholecystectomy	T061	C0162522
28281477	94	104	Experience	T041	C0237607
28281477	111	139	academic Surgical Department	T093	C0587503
28281477	145	163	developing country	T080	C0011750
28281477	164	172	Resident	T097	C1320928
28281477	173	186	participation	T169	C0679823
28281477	190	218	laparoscopic cholecystectomy	T061	C0162522
28281477	220	222	LC	T061	C0162522
28281477	244	249	steps	T077	C1261552
28281477	253	274	laparoscopic training	T065	C0220931
28281477	280	286	impact	T080	C4049986
28281477	295	303	training	T065	C0220931
28281477	311	323	well-defined	T080	C0442825
28281477	339	359	developing countries	T080	C0011750
28281477	375	383	training	T065	C0220931
28281477	390	398	critical	T080	C1511545
28281477	413	420	monitor	T058	C1254363
28281477	421	449	surgical teaching programmes	T065	C0039401
28281477	455	458	aim	T078	C1947946
28281477	467	472	study	T062	C2603343
28281477	494	500	impact	T080	C4049986
28281477	504	513	seniority	T080	C0205556
28281477	517	531	operative time	T079	C3494201
28281477	536	546	short-term	T079	C0443303
28281477	547	554	outcome	T080	C0085415
28281477	558	560	LC	T061	C0162522
28281477	577	596	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28281477	604	615	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28281477	616	646	laparoscopic cholecystectomies	T061	C0162522
28281477	651	662	gallbladder	T023	C0016976
28281477	663	672	lithiasis	T046	C0023869
28281477	690	704	academic years	T079	C0439234
28281477	711	739	academic Surgical Department	T093	C0587503
28281477	743	750	Morocco	T083	C0026544
28281477	758	768	operations	T061	C0543467
28281477	787	803	junior residents	T097	C1320928
28281477	805	823	post-graduate year	T079	C0439234
28281477	825	828	PGY	T079	C0439234
28281477	838	854	senior residents	T097	C1320928
28281477	856	859	PGY	T079	C0439234
28281477	867	876	attending	T169	C1999232
28281477	877	885	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28281477	886	894	assisted	T080	C1269765
28281477	898	914	junior residents	T097	C1320928
28281477	946	954	training	T065	C0220931
28281477	958	969	laparoscopy	T060	C0031150
28281477	975	979	data	T078	C1511726
28281477	991	1003	demographics	T090	C0011298
28281477	1005	1042	American Society of Anesthesiologists	T094	C2346733
28281477	1044	1059	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28281477	1064	1075	indications	T078	C0392360
28281477	1078	1086	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28281477	1088	1102	operative time	T079	C3494201
28281477	1109	1122	skin incision	T061	C0191279
28281477	1126	1133	closure	T061	C0191408
28281477	1136	1151	conversion rate	T081	C1521828
28281477	1156	1179	operative complications	T046	C0274311
28281477	1181	1209	Clavien-Dindo classification	T185	C4055231
28281477	1216	1224	recorded	T062	C0242481
28281477	1229	1237	analysed	T062	C0936012
28281477	1239	1267	One-way analysis of variance	T081	C1709320
28281477	1269	1285	Student's t-test	T081,T170	C0871453
28281477	1290	1306	Chi-square tests	T170	C0008041
28281477	1337	1361	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
28281477	1362	1372	attributed	T078	C0449234
28281477	1411	1413	LC	T061	C0162522
28281477	1430	1444	No differences	T033	C3842396
28281477	1459	1478	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28281477	1487	1493	groups	T078	C0441833
28281477	1497	1509	demographics	T090	C0011298
28281477	1513	1522	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28281477	1523	1531	category	T170	C0683312
28281477	1537	1544	overall	T080	C1561607
28281477	1545	1549	rate	T081	C1521828
28281477	1553	1576	operative complications	T046	C0274311
28281477	1580	1591	conversions	T169	C0439836
28281477	1596	1609	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28281477	1619	1632	significantly	T078	C0750502
28281477	1633	1642	different	T080	C1705242
28281477	1661	1667	groups	T078	C0441833
28281477	1678	1697	mean operative time	T079	C3494201
28281477	1702	1715	significantly	T078	C0750502
28281477	1727	1743	junior residents	T097	C1320928
28281477	1779	1795	senior residents	T097	C1320928
28281477	1822	1831	attending	T169	C1999232
28281477	1832	1840	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28281477	1876	1878	LC	T061	C0162522
28281477	1892	1901	residents	T097	C1320928
28281477	1931	1942	significant	T078	C0750502
28281477	1943	1953	difference	T081	C1705241
28281477	1957	1969	complication	T046	C0274311
28281477	1970	1974	rate	T081	C1521828
28281477	1985	1994	seniority	T080	C0205556
28281477	1995	2005	influences	T077	C4054723
28281477	2006	2020	operative time	T079	C3494201
28281477	2027	2038	information	T078	C1533716
28281477	2039	2047	supports	T077	C1521721
28281477	2048	2053	early	T079	C1279919
28281477	2054	2062	resident	T097	C1320928
28281477	2063	2074	involvement	T169	C1314939
28281477	2078	2101	laparoscopic procedures	T061	C0751429
28281477	2131	2145	cost-effective	T080	C0205556
28281477	2146	2156	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28281477	2157	2176	training programmes	T065	C0040607

28281646|t|Reversible Humidity Sensitive Clothing for Personal Thermoregulation
28281646|a|Two kinds of humidity - induced, bendable smart clothing have been designed to reversibly adapt their thermal insulation functionality. The first design mimics the pores in human skin, in which pre-cut flaps open to produce pores in Nafion sheets when humidity increases, as might occur during human sweating thus permitting air flow and reducing both the humidity level and the apparent temperature. Like the smart human sweating pores, the flaps can close automatically after the perspiration to keep the wearer warm. The second design involves thickness adjustable clothes by inserting the bent polymer sheets between two fabrics. As the humidity increases, the sheets become thinner, thus reducing the gap between the two fabrics to reduce the thermal insulation. The insulation layer can recover its original thickness upon humidity reduction to restore its warmth-preservation function. Such humidity sensitive smart polymer materials can be utilized to adjust personal comfort, and be effective in reducing energy consumption for building heating or cooling with numerous smart design.
28281646	11	19	Humidity	T070	C0020167
28281646	20	29	Sensitive	T169	C0332324
28281646	30	38	Clothing	T073	C0009072
28281646	43	68	Personal Thermoregulation	T061	C0262758
28281646	82	90	humidity	T070	C0020167
28281646	93	100	induced	T169	C0205263
28281646	111	125	smart clothing	T073	C0009072
28281646	136	164	designed to reversibly adapt	T062	C3274373
28281646	171	203	thermal insulation functionality	T073	C1708520
28281646	233	238	pores	T023	C0221956
28281646	242	252	human skin	T022	C1123023
28281646	293	298	pores	T023	C0221956
28281646	302	308	Nafion	T109	C0068361
28281646	309	315	sheets	T073	C0039717
28281646	321	329	humidity	T070	C0020167
28281646	363	377	human sweating	T033	C0038990
28281646	394	402	air flow	T067	C0042491
28281646	425	433	humidity	T070	C0020167
28281646	448	468	apparent temperature	T081	C0039476
28281646	485	505	human sweating pores	T023	C0221956
28281646	551	563	perspiration	T033	C0038990
28281646	576	587	wearer warm	T073	C0009072
28281646	616	625	thickness	T080	C1280412
28281646	626	644	adjustable clothes	T073	C0009072
28281646	662	681	bent polymer sheets	T073	C0039717
28281646	694	701	fabrics	T073	C0039717
28281646	710	718	humidity	T070	C0020167
28281646	734	740	sheets	T073	C0039717
28281646	795	802	fabrics	T073	C0039717
28281646	817	835	thermal insulation	T169	C0205245
28281646	841	857	insulation layer	T073	C1708520
28281646	883	892	thickness	T080	C1280412
28281646	898	906	humidity	T070	C0020167
28281646	932	951	warmth-preservation	T039	C0392197
28281646	967	975	humidity	T070	C0020167
28281646	976	985	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28281646	992	1009	polymer materials	T073	C0039717
28281646	1036	1052	personal comfort	T041	C1331418
28281646	1074	1101	reducing energy consumption	T033	C0243095
28281646	1115	1133	heating or cooling	T169	C0205245
28281646	1148	1160	smart design	T052	C1707689

28281741|t|Extended versus standard pelvic lymphadenectomy during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: the role of extended template as an independent predictor of lymph node invasion with comparable morbidity burden
28281741|a|To assess oncologic and surgical outcomes in patients subjected to standard (S) versus extended (E) pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). From February 2009 to December 2015 a total of 184 consecutive patients underwent RARP and either standard or extended PLND for localized prostate cancer (PCa). Descriptive statistics compared clinical and pathological variables between groups. Logistic regression identified potential predictors of lymph node invasion (LNI). No significant preoperative differences were found between the EPLND and SPLND groups. No difference in complication rates was observed between groups. No group differences were found for intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization times, positive surgical margins, biochemical recurrence, sexual dysfunction or need for adjuvant therapy. A higher median range of LN yield was found for the EPLND compared to SPLND cohort (22.5 vs 12.8; p<0.001). Of the 36 patients who had positive LNs at the final pathology, 22 were in the EPLND group and 14 in the SPLND group (p<0.01). PSA, clinical stage and both number of nodes removed and EPLND were significant univariable predictors for LNI. In the multivariable model, PSA, clinical stage and number of removed nodes were independent predictors of LNI. EPLND was an independent predictor of LNI after accounting for PSA, clinical stage and Gleason Score stage. EPLND during RARP is safe and effective. It results in more removed nodes and a higher LN positivity rate compared to SPLND, predicting LNI without increasing complications.
28281741	0	8	Extended	T082	C0231449
28281741	16	24	standard	T080	C1442989
28281741	25	47	pelvic lymphadenectomy	T061	C0193883
28281741	55	91	robot-assisted radical prostatectomy	T061	C4039115
28281741	105	113	extended	T082	C0231449
28281741	114	122	template	T078	C1705542
28281741	129	150	independent predictor	T170	C0683956
28281741	154	164	lymph node	T023	C0024204
28281741	165	173	invasion	T033	C1269955
28281741	190	199	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28281741	200	206	burden	T078	C2828008
28281741	217	226	oncologic	T091	C0205478
28281741	231	239	surgical	T061	C0543467
28281741	252	260	patients	T101	C0030705
28281741	274	282	standard	T080	C1442989
28281741	284	285	S	T080	C1442989
28281741	294	302	extended	T082	C0231449
28281741	304	305	E	T082	C0231449
28281741	307	335	pelvic lymph node dissection	T061	C0193883
28281741	337	341	PLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	350	386	robot-assisted radical prostatectomy	T061	C4039115
28281741	388	392	RARP	T061	C4039115
28281741	446	457	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28281741	458	466	patients	T101	C0030705
28281741	477	481	RARP	T061	C4039115
28281741	493	501	standard	T080	C1442989
28281741	505	513	extended	T082	C0231449
28281741	514	518	PLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	523	548	localized prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28281741	550	553	PCa	T191	C0600139
28281741	556	578	Descriptive statistics	T062	C0005544
28281741	588	596	clinical	T080	C0205210
28281741	601	613	pathological	T169	C1521733
28281741	614	623	variables	T080	C0439828
28281741	632	638	groups	T078	C0441833
28281741	640	659	Logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28281741	671	680	potential	T080	C3245505
28281741	681	691	predictors	T078	C2698872
28281741	695	705	lymph node	T023	C0024204
28281741	706	714	invasion	T033	C1269955
28281741	716	719	LNI	T033	C1269955
28281741	737	749	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28281741	785	790	EPLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	795	800	SPLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	801	807	groups	T078	C0441833
28281741	826	838	complication	T046	C0009566
28281741	839	844	rates	T081	C1521828
28281741	866	872	groups	T078	C0441833
28281741	877	882	group	T078	C0441833
28281741	910	924	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28281741	925	935	blood loss	T033	C3163616
28281741	937	952	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28281741	953	958	times	T079	C0040223
28281741	960	985	positive surgical margins	T033	C1709603
28281741	987	1009	biochemical recurrence	T067	C0034897
28281741	1011	1029	sexual dysfunction	T047	C0549622
28281741	1042	1058	adjuvant therapy	T061	C0677850
28281741	1062	1068	higher	T080	C0205250
28281741	1069	1081	median range	T081	C1514721
28281741	1085	1087	LN	T023	C0024204
28281741	1112	1117	EPLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	1130	1135	SPLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	1136	1142	cohort	T098	C0599755
28281741	1178	1186	patients	T101	C0030705
28281741	1195	1203	positive	T033	C1446409
28281741	1204	1207	LNs	T023	C0024204
28281741	1221	1230	pathology	T091	C0030664
28281741	1247	1252	EPLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	1253	1258	group	T078	C0441833
28281741	1273	1278	SPLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	1279	1284	group	T078	C0441833
28281741	1295	1298	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28281741	1300	1314	clinical stage	T079	C0205563
28281741	1324	1330	number	T081	C0237753
28281741	1334	1339	nodes	T023	C0024204
28281741	1340	1347	removed	T080	C0849355
28281741	1352	1357	EPLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	1375	1397	univariable predictors	T170	C0683956
28281741	1402	1405	LNI	T033	C1269955
28281741	1414	1433	multivariable model	T170	C3161035
28281741	1435	1438	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28281741	1440	1454	clinical stage	T079	C0205563
28281741	1459	1465	number	T081	C0237753
28281741	1469	1476	removed	T080	C0849355
28281741	1477	1482	nodes	T023	C0024204
28281741	1488	1510	independent predictors	T170	C0683956
28281741	1514	1517	LNI	T033	C1269955
28281741	1519	1524	EPLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	1532	1553	independent predictor	T170	C0683956
28281741	1557	1560	LNI	T033	C1269955
28281741	1582	1585	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28281741	1587	1601	clinical stage	T079	C0205563
28281741	1606	1625	Gleason Score stage	T033	C3203027
28281741	1627	1632	EPLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	1640	1644	RARP	T061	C4039115
28281741	1648	1652	safe	T033	C0243095
28281741	1657	1666	effective	T080	C1704419
28281741	1682	1686	more	T081	C0205172
28281741	1687	1694	removed	T080	C0849355
28281741	1695	1700	nodes	T023	C0024204
28281741	1707	1713	higher	T080	C0205250
28281741	1714	1716	LN	T023	C0024204
28281741	1717	1727	positivity	T033	C1446409
28281741	1728	1732	rate	T081	C1521828
28281741	1745	1750	SPLND	T061	C0193883
28281741	1752	1762	predicting	T078	C0681842
28281741	1763	1766	LNI	T033	C1269955
28281741	1775	1785	increasing	T169	C0442808
28281741	1786	1799	complications	T046	C0009566

28281972|t|A Randomized Controlled Open-Label Pilot Study of Simvastatin Addition to Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy in Patients With Brain Metastases
28281972|a|Statins have been reported to have a potential radiosensitizing effect that has not been evaluated in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of simvastatin in addition to whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) in patients with brain metastases (BM). A prospective randomized, controlled, open-label pilot study was conducted on 50 Egyptian patients with BM who were randomly assigned to receive 30-Gy WBRT (control group: 25 patients) or 30 Gy WBRT + simvastatin 80 mg/day for the WBRT period (simvastatin group: 25 patients). The primary outcome was radiological response at 4 weeks after WBRT. Secondary outcomes were 1-year progression-free survival (PFS), 1-year overall survival (OS), and health-related quality of life (HRQL) that was assessed using the European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and its brain module (BN-20), at baseline, after WBRT, and 4 weeks after WBRT. The addition of simvastatin was tolerated. Twenty-one patients were not evaluated for radiological response because of death (n = 16), noncompliance to follow-up (n = 4), and clinical deterioration (n = 1). Response rates were 60% and 78.6% (p = 0.427), 1-year PFS rates were 5.2% and 17.7% (p = 0.392), and 1-year OS rates were 12% and 8% (p = 0.880) for the control group and simvastatin group, respectively. Nonsignificant differences were found between the two arms regarding HRQL scales. The addition of simvastatin 80 mg/day did not improve the clinical outcomes of patients with BM receiving WBRT.
28281972	2	12	Randomized	T062	C2986910
28281972	13	23	Controlled	T062	C0681867
28281972	24	46	Open-Label Pilot Study	T062	C1709323
28281972	50	61	Simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28281972	74	103	Whole-Brain Radiation Therapy	T061	C1520143
28281972	107	115	Patients	T101	C0030705
28281972	121	137	Brain Metastases	T191	C0220650
28281972	138	145	Statins	T121	C1254351
28281972	175	184	potential	T080	C3245505
28281972	185	208	radiosensitizing effect	T039	C3179280
28281972	227	236	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28281972	240	255	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28281972	261	264	aim	T078	C1947946
28281972	273	278	study	T062	C0008972
28281972	286	294	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28281972	299	307	efficacy	T080	C0598333
28281972	312	318	safety	T080	C0678800
28281972	322	333	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28281972	349	378	whole-brain radiation therapy	T061	C1520143
28281972	380	384	WBRT	T061	C1520143
28281972	389	397	patients	T101	C0030705
28281972	403	419	brain metastases	T191	C0220650
28281972	421	423	BM	T191	C0220650
28281972	428	439	prospective	T062	C0033522
28281972	440	450	randomized	T062	C2986910
28281972	452	462	controlled	T062	C0681867
28281972	464	486	open-label pilot study	T062	C1709323
28281972	507	515	Egyptian	T098	C0337801
28281972	516	524	patients	T101	C0030705
28281972	530	532	BM	T191	C0220650
28281972	571	581	30-Gy WBRT	T061	C1520143
28281972	583	596	control group	T096	C0009932
28281972	601	609	patients	T101	C0030705
28281972	614	624	30 Gy WBRT	T061	C1520143
28281972	627	638	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28281972	657	661	WBRT	T061	C1520143
28281972	670	681	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28281972	682	687	group	T078	C0441833
28281972	692	700	patients	T101	C0030705
28281972	707	722	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28281972	727	739	radiological	T061	C0034533
28281972	740	748	response	T033	C4055223
28281972	766	770	WBRT	T061	C1520143
28281972	772	790	Secondary outcomes	T080	C3274440
28281972	803	828	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
28281972	830	833	PFS	T081	C0242792
28281972	843	859	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28281972	861	863	OS	T081	C4086681
28281972	870	900	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
28281972	902	906	HRQL	T078	C4279947
28281972	936	1032	European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C30	T170	C0451149
28281972	1034	1047	EORTC QLQ-C30	T170	C0451149
28281972	1057	1069	brain module	T170	C4054141
28281972	1071	1076	BN-20	T170	C4054141
28281972	1082	1090	baseline	T081	C1442488
28281972	1098	1102	WBRT	T061	C1520143
28281972	1122	1126	WBRT	T061	C1520143
28281972	1144	1155	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28281972	1182	1190	patients	T101	C0030705
28281972	1200	1209	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28281972	1214	1226	radiological	T061	C0034533
28281972	1227	1235	response	T033	C4055223
28281972	1247	1252	death	T040	C0011065
28281972	1263	1276	noncompliance	T033	C0376405
28281972	1280	1289	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28281972	1303	1311	clinical	T080	C0205210
28281972	1312	1325	deterioration	T067	C0868945
28281972	1335	1349	Response rates	T079	C0237629
28281972	1389	1392	PFS	T081	C0242792
28281972	1393	1398	rates	T081	C0038954
28281972	1443	1445	OS	T081	C4086681
28281972	1446	1451	rates	T081	C0038954
28281972	1488	1501	control group	T096	C0009932
28281972	1506	1517	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28281972	1518	1523	group	T078	C0441833
28281972	1608	1612	HRQL	T078	C4279947
28281972	1637	1648	simvastatin	T109,T121	C0074554
28281972	1679	1696	clinical outcomes	T080	C0085415
28281972	1700	1708	patients	T101	C0030705
28281972	1714	1716	BM	T191	C0220650
28281972	1727	1731	WBRT	T061	C1520143

28282033|t|PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ isoforms have distinct functions in regulating pro-tumoural signalling in the multiple myeloma microenvironment
28282033|a|Phosphoinositide-3-kinase and protein kinase B (PI3K - AKT) is upregulated in multiple myeloma (MM). Using a combination of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus -mediated knockdown and pharmacologic isoform- specific inhibition we investigated the role of the PI3K p110γ (PI3Kγ) subunit in regulating MM proliferation and bone marrow microenvironment - induced MM interactions. We compared this with inhibition of the PI3K p110δ (PI3kδ) subunit and with combined PI3kδ / γ dual inhibition. We found that MM cell adhesion and migration were PI3Kγ - specific functions, with PI3kδ inhibition having no effect in MM adhesion or migration assays. At concentration of the dual PI3Kδ / γ inhibitor duvelisib, which can be achieved in vivo we saw a decrease in AKT phosphorylation at s473 after tumour activation by bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) and interleukin-6. Moreover, after drug treatment of BMSC / tumour co-culture activation assays only dual PI3kδ / γ inhibition was able to induce MM apoptosis. shRNA lentiviral -mediated targeting of either PI3Kδ or PI3Kγ alone, or both in combination, increased survival of NSG mice xeno-transplanted with MM cells. Moreover, treatment with duvelisib reduced MM tumour burden in vivo. We report that PI3Kδ and PI3Kγ isoforms have distinct functions in MM and that combined PI3kδ / γ isoform inhibition has anti - MM activity. Here we provide a scientific rationale for trials of dual PI3kδ / γ inhibition in patients with MM.
28282033	0	5	PI3Kδ	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	10	24	PI3Kγ isoforms	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	30	38	distinct	T080	C2963144
28282033	39	48	functions	T169	C0542341
28282033	52	62	regulating	T169	C2587213
28282033	63	75	pro-tumoural	T191	C0027651
28282033	76	86	signalling	T043	C0037083
28282033	94	110	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28282033	111	127	microenvironment	T078	C1707328
28282033	128	153	Phosphoinositide-3-kinase	T116,T126	C0044602
28282033	158	174	protein kinase B	T116,T126	C0164786
28282033	176	180	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28282033	183	186	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
28282033	191	202	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28282033	206	222	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28282033	223	227	(MM)	T191	C0026764
28282033	237	248	combination	T080	C0205195
28282033	252	269	short hairpin RNA	T114	C2930586
28282033	270	277	(shRNA)	T114	C2930586
28282033	278	288	lentivirus	T005	C0079679
28282033	299	308	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28282033	313	344	pharmacologic isoform- specific	T116	C0597298
28282033	336	344	specific	T080	C0205369
28282033	345	355	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28282033	359	371	investigated	T169	C1292732
28282033	376	380	role	T077	C1705810
28282033	388	398	PI3K p110γ	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	399	406	(PI3Kγ)	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	407	414	subunit	T116	C0599220
28282033	418	428	regulating	T169	C2587213
28282033	429	431	MM	T191	C0026764
28282033	432	445	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28282033	450	461	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28282033	462	478	microenvironment	T078	C1707328
28282033	481	488	induced	T169	C0205263
28282033	489	491	MM	T191	C0026764
28282033	492	504	interactions	T169	C1704675
28282033	509	517	compared	T052	C1707455
28282033	528	538	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28282033	546	556	PI3K p110δ	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	557	564	(PI3kδ)	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	565	572	subunit	T116	C0599220
28282033	582	590	combined	T080	C0205195
28282033	591	596	PI3kδ	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	599	600	γ	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	601	605	dual	T052	C1705764
28282033	606	616	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28282033	632	634	MM	T191	C0026764
28282033	635	648	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
28282033	653	662	migration	T043	C1622501
28282033	668	673	PI3Kγ	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	676	684	specific	T080	C0205369
28282033	685	694	functions	T169	C0542341
28282033	701	706	PI3kδ	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	707	717	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28282033	725	734	no effect	T080	C1301751
28282033	738	740	MM	T191	C0026764
28282033	741	749	adhesion	T043	C0007577
28282033	753	762	migration	T043	C1622501
28282033	763	769	assays	T059	C1510438
28282033	774	787	concentration	T081	C1446561
28282033	795	799	dual	T052	C1705764
28282033	800	805	PI3Kδ	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	808	809	γ	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	810	819	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28282033	820	829	duvelisib	T109,T121	C4079854
28282033	844	852	achieved	T169	C1301820
28282033	853	860	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28282033	870	878	decrease	T081	C0547047
28282033	882	885	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
28282033	886	901	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28282033	905	909	s473	T087	C1519254
28282033	916	922	tumour	T191	C0027651
28282033	923	933	activation	T052	C1879547
28282033	937	962	bone marrow stromal cells	T025	C1640380
28282033	963	969	(BMSC)	T025	C1640380
28282033	974	987	interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28282033	1005	1019	drug treatment	T061	C0013216
28282033	1023	1027	BMSC	T025	C1640380
28282033	1030	1036	tumour	T191	C0027651
28282033	1037	1047	co-culture	T059	C0430400
28282033	1048	1058	activation	T052	C1879547
28282033	1059	1065	assays	T059	C1510438
28282033	1071	1075	dual	T052	C1705764
28282033	1076	1081	PI3kδ	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	1084	1085	γ	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	1086	1096	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28282033	1109	1115	induce	T169	C0205263
28282033	1116	1118	MM	T191	C0026764
28282033	1119	1128	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28282033	1130	1135	shRNA	T114	C2930586
28282033	1136	1146	lentiviral	T005	C0079679
28282033	1157	1166	targeting	T169	C1521840
28282033	1177	1182	PI3Kδ	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	1186	1191	PI3Kγ	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	1210	1221	combination	T080	C0205195
28282033	1223	1232	increased	T081	C0205217
28282033	1233	1241	survival	T052	C0038952
28282033	1245	1253	NSG mice	T015	C0025929
28282033	1254	1271	xeno-transplanted	T122	C0522537
28282033	1277	1279	MM	T191	C0026764
28282033	1280	1285	cells	T025	C0007634
28282033	1297	1306	treatment	T169	C1522326
28282033	1312	1321	duvelisib	T109,T121	C4079854
28282033	1322	1329	reduced	T080	C0392756
28282033	1330	1332	MM	T191	C0026764
28282033	1333	1339	tumour	T191	C0027651
28282033	1340	1346	burden	T078	C2828008
28282033	1347	1354	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28282033	1359	1365	report	T170	C0684224
28282033	1371	1376	PI3Kδ	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	1381	1395	PI3Kγ isoforms	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	1401	1409	distinct	T080	C2963144
28282033	1410	1419	functions	T169	C0542341
28282033	1423	1425	MM	T191	C0026764
28282033	1435	1443	combined	T080	C0205195
28282033	1444	1449	PI3kδ	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	1452	1453	γ	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	1454	1461	isoform	T116	C0597298
28282033	1462	1472	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28282033	1477	1481	anti	T169	C1555029
28282033	1484	1486	MM	T191	C0026764
28282033	1487	1495	activity	T052	C0441655
28282033	1505	1512	provide	T052	C1999230
28282033	1515	1535	scientific rationale	T170	C0282574
28282033	1540	1546	trials	T062	C0681815
28282033	1550	1554	dual	T052	C1705764
28282033	1555	1560	PI3kδ	T116,T126	C1450115
28282033	1563	1564	γ	T116,T126	C2713509
28282033	1565	1575	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28282033	1579	1587	patients	T101	C0030705
28282033	1593	1595	MM	T191	C0026764

28282510|t|CXCR4 (CD184) expression on stem cell harvest and CD34(+) cells post-transplant
28282510|a|CXCR4 is a receptor for stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), a molecule that has a chemotactic activity for lymphocytes and is important in homing of hematopoietic stem cells to their adult marrow. We evaluated the CXCR4 (CD184) expression in the harvest cells and in the post-transplant bone marrow (BM) and its relation to engraftment, as determined by the consensus criteria and chimerism. This is a prospective study which included 30 patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; 15 patients received autograft and 15 patients received allograft on dates between January 2012 and May 2014. We assessed CD184 (CXCR4) using flow cytometry in the harvest cells together with post-transplant BM assessment on Day 28 and Day 90 for complete morphologic, molecular studies, and detection of CD184 expression on CD34(+) cells with chimerism studies on total peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Diagnoses of the enrolled patients were as follows: seven (24.1%) with acute myeloid leukemia, eight (27.6%) with multiple myeloma, four (13.8%) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, three (10.3%) with non-Hodgkin lymphoma, two (6.9%) with myelodysplastic syndromes, two (6.9%) with aplastic anemia, two (6.9%) with chronic myeloid leukemia, one (3.4%) with Hodgkin lymphoma, and one (3.4%) with plasmacytomas. One patient died and was excluded from the study because there were not enough data about engraftment. There was no statistical significance between the level of CD184 in stem cell harvest and the prediction of successful engraftment (p>0.05) as well as in Day 28 BM sample (p>0.05), whereas there was a statistical significance between the level of CD184 in Day 90 BM sample and the occurrence of successful engraftment (p=0.002). SDF-1 / CXCR4 axis plays a crucial role in engraftment; however, more studies are warranted to assess their expression post-transplant. Evaluating the ligand (chemokine, SDF-1) or its receptor (CXCR4) may serve as potential surrogate markers for assessment of engraftment.
28282510	0	5	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	7	12	CD184	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	14	24	expression	T045	C1171362
28282510	28	45	stem cell harvest	T061	C0411265
28282510	50	57	CD34(+)	T116,T129	C0054953
28282510	58	63	cells	T025	C0007634
28282510	64	79	post-transplant	T079	C1254367
28282510	80	85	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	91	99	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28282510	104	128	stromal-derived factor-1	T116,T129	C0218504
28282510	130	135	SDF-1	T116,T129	C0218504
28282510	140	148	molecule	T167	C0567416
28282510	160	171	chemotactic	T043	C0008018
28282510	172	180	activity	T052	C0441655
28282510	185	196	lymphocytes	T025	C0024264
28282510	217	223	homing	T043	C0007613
28282510	227	251	hematopoietic stem cells	T025	C0018956
28282510	261	273	adult marrow	T024	C0005953
28282510	278	287	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28282510	292	297	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	299	304	CD184	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	306	316	expression	T045	C1171362
28282510	324	337	harvest cells	T025	C0038250
28282510	349	364	post-transplant	T079	C1254367
28282510	365	376	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28282510	378	380	BM	T024	C0005953
28282510	390	398	relation	T080	C0439849
28282510	402	413	engraftment	T039	C0301944
28282510	436	454	consensus criteria	T170	C0935549
28282510	459	468	chimerism	T032	C0333678
28282510	480	497	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28282510	516	524	patients	T101	C0030705
28282510	536	575	hematopoietic stem cell transplantation	T061	C0472699
28282510	580	588	patients	T101	C0030705
28282510	589	597	received	T080	C1514756
28282510	598	607	autograft	T061	C0040736
28282510	615	623	patients	T101	C0030705
28282510	624	632	received	T080	C1514756
28282510	633	642	allograft	T061	C0040739
28282510	690	698	assessed	T052	C1516048
28282510	699	704	CD184	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	706	711	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	719	733	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28282510	741	754	harvest cells	T025	C0038250
28282510	769	784	post-transplant	T079	C1254367
28282510	785	787	BM	T024	C0005953
28282510	788	798	assessment	T058	C0220825
28282510	824	832	complete	T080	C0205197
28282510	833	844	morphologic	T082	C0543482
28282510	846	863	molecular studies	T059	C2236970
28282510	869	878	detection	T061	C1511790
28282510	882	887	CD184	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	888	898	expression	T045	C1171362
28282510	902	909	CD34(+)	T116,T129	C0054953
28282510	910	915	cells	T025	C0007634
28282510	921	930	chimerism	T032	C0333678
28282510	942	947	total	T080	C0439810
28282510	948	982	peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
28282510	984	993	Diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28282510	1010	1018	patients	T101	C0030705
28282510	1055	1077	acute myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023467
28282510	1098	1114	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28282510	1134	1162	acute lymphoblastic leukemia	T191	C0023449
28282510	1183	1203	non-Hodgkin lymphoma	T191	C0024305
28282510	1221	1246	myelodysplastic syndromes	T191	C3463824
28282510	1264	1279	aplastic anemia	T047	C0002874
28282510	1297	1321	chronic myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023473
28282510	1339	1355	Hodgkin lymphoma	T191	C0019829
28282510	1377	1390	plasmacytomas	T191	C0032131
28282510	1396	1403	patient	T101	C0030705
28282510	1404	1408	died	T033	C1546956
28282510	1417	1425	excluded	T052	C2828389
28282510	1435	1440	study	T062	C0008972
28282510	1482	1493	engraftment	T039	C0301944
28282510	1505	1507	no	T033	C1513916
28282510	1508	1532	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
28282510	1545	1550	level	T034	C0428479
28282510	1554	1559	CD184	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	1563	1580	stem cell harvest	T061	C0411265
28282510	1589	1599	prediction	T078	C0681842
28282510	1603	1613	successful	T080	C1272703
28282510	1614	1625	engraftment	T039	C0301944
28282510	1656	1665	BM sample	T031	C0438737
28282510	1696	1720	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
28282510	1733	1738	level	T034	C0428479
28282510	1742	1747	CD184	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	1758	1767	BM sample	T031	C0438737
28282510	1776	1786	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28282510	1790	1800	successful	T080	C1272703
28282510	1801	1812	engraftment	T039	C0301944
28282510	1824	1829	SDF-1	T116,T129	C0218504
28282510	1832	1837	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	1867	1878	engraftment	T039	C0301944
28282510	1919	1925	assess	T052	C1516048
28282510	1932	1942	expression	T045	C1171362
28282510	1943	1958	post-transplant	T079	C1254367
28282510	1983	1992	chemokine	T116,T129	C0282554
28282510	1994	1999	SDF-1	T116,T129	C0218504
28282510	2008	2016	receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28282510	2018	2023	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28282510	2038	2047	potential	T080	C3245505
28282510	2048	2065	surrogate markers	T080	C0086589
28282510	2070	2080	assessment	T058	C0220825
28282510	2084	2095	engraftment	T039	C0301944

28282592|t|Development of an automaton model of rotational activity driving atrial fibrillation
28282592|a|Atrial fibrillation (AF) is difficult to treat effectively, owing to uncertainty in where to best ablate to eliminate arrhythmogenic substrate. A model providing insight into the electrical activation events would be useful to guide catheter ablation strategy. Method A two-dimensional, 576×576 node automaton was developed to simulate atrial electrical activity. The substrate field was altered by the presence of differing refractory period at varying locations. Fibrosis was added in the form of short, randomly positioned lines of conduction block. Larger areas of block were used to simulate ablation lesions. Anisotropy was imposed in a 2:1 ratio. A premature electrical impulse from one of four grid corners was utilized to initiate activation. Rotational activity was uninducible when refractory patch dimensions were less than 20×20mm. For larger refractory regions, a single premature stimulus was capable of inducing an average of 1.19±1.10 rotors, which often formed near the patch edges. A maximum of 5 rotors formed when refractory patch dimensions approached the size of the entire left atrial virtual field. Rotors formed along a refractory patch edge, after wavefront arrival was delayed at turning points or due to the presence of a fiber cluster of sufficient size. However, rotational activity could also occur around a large fiber cluster without the need of spatially variable refractoriness. When obstacles to conduction were lacking in size, nascent rotors drifted and either extinguished, or stabilized upon anchoring at a sufficiently large fiber cluster elsewhere in the field. Transient rotors terminated when traversing a region with differing refractory periods, if no obstacle to conduction was present to sufficiently delay wavefront arrival beyond the longest refractory period. Other rotors were annihilated when a nearby rotor with faster spin rate gradually interrupted the activation pathway. Elimination of anchors by removal, or by simulated ablation over a sufficient region, prevented rotor onset at a particular location where it would otherwise form. The presence of obstacles to conduction and spatial differences in refractory period are important parameters for initiating and maintaining rotational activity in this simulation of an atrial substrate.
28282592	0	11	Development	T039	C0243107
28282592	18	33	automaton model	T075	C0026336
28282592	37	56	rotational activity	T052	C0441655
28282592	65	84	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28282592	85	104	Atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28282592	106	108	AF	T047	C0004238
28282592	126	131	treat	T061	C0087111
28282592	132	143	effectively	T080	C1704419
28282592	154	165	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28282592	183	189	ablate	T061	C0162563
28282592	193	202	eliminate	T052	C0441655
28282592	203	217	arrhythmogenic	T046	C0085611
28282592	218	227	substrate	T167	C3891814
28282592	231	236	model	T075	C0026336
28282592	264	274	electrical	T169	C0442828
28282592	275	285	activation	T052	C1879547
28282592	286	292	events	T051	C0441471
28282592	318	344	catheter ablation strategy	T061	C0162559
28282592	355	370	two-dimensional	T082	C1705052
28282592	372	394	576×576 node automaton	T073	C0336537
28282592	412	420	simulate	T052	C0441655
28282592	421	427	atrial	T023	C0018792
28282592	421	447	atrial electrical activity	T042	C0596673
28282592	453	462	substrate	T167	C3891814
28282592	500	509	differing	T080	C1705242
28282592	510	527	refractory period	T043	C0678839
28282592	539	548	locations	T082	C0450429
28282592	550	558	Fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28282592	620	630	conduction	T042	C0232217
28282592	631	636	block	T047	C0018794
28282592	638	644	Larger	T081	C0549177
28282592	645	650	areas	T082	C0205146
28282592	654	659	block	T046	C0028778
28282592	673	681	simulate	T052	C0441655
28282592	682	698	ablation lesions	T033	C0221198
28282592	700	710	Anisotropy	T070	C0085406
28282592	732	737	ratio	T081	C0456603
28282592	741	750	premature	T079	C1254367
28282592	751	769	electrical impulse	T043	C1720744
28282592	816	824	initiate	T078	C1548602
28282592	825	835	activation	T052	C1879547
28282592	837	856	Rotational activity	T052	C0441655
28282592	878	905	refractory patch dimensions	T081	C0439534
28282592	934	940	larger	T081	C0549177
28282592	941	959	refractory regions	T082	C1254362
28282592	970	979	premature	T079	C1254367
28282592	980	988	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28282592	1004	1012	inducing	T169	C0205263
28282592	1016	1023	average	T081	C1510992
28282592	1037	1043	rotors	T074	C0025080
28282592	1073	1084	patch edges	T082	C1254362
28282592	1088	1095	maximum	T081	C0806909
28282592	1101	1107	rotors	T074	C0025080
28282592	1120	1147	refractory patch dimensions	T081	C0439534
28282592	1163	1167	size	T082	C0456389
28282592	1182	1193	left atrial	T023	C0225860
28282592	1194	1207	virtual field	T082	C1254362
28282592	1209	1215	Rotors	T074	C0025080
28282592	1231	1252	refractory patch edge	T082	C1254362
28282592	1260	1289	wavefront arrival was delayed	T033	C0243095
28282592	1336	1341	fiber	T024	C1304649
28282592	1342	1349	cluster	T081	C1704332
28282592	1364	1368	size	T082	C0456389
28282592	1379	1398	rotational activity	T052	C0441655
28282592	1425	1430	large	T081	C0549177
28282592	1431	1436	fiber	T024	C1304649
28282592	1437	1444	cluster	T081	C1704332
28282592	1465	1498	spatially variable refractoriness	T080	C0205556
28282592	1505	1514	obstacles	T080	C4045969
28282592	1518	1528	conduction	T042	C0232217
28282592	1534	1541	lacking	T080	C0332268
28282592	1545	1549	size	T082	C0456389
28282592	1551	1565	nascent rotors	T074	C0025080
28282592	1602	1612	stabilized	T033	C0184512
28282592	1618	1627	anchoring	T044	C1624581
28282592	1646	1651	large	T081	C0549177
28282592	1652	1657	fiber	T024	C1304649
28282592	1658	1665	cluster	T081	C1704332
28282592	1690	1699	Transient	T079	C0205374
28282592	1700	1706	rotors	T074	C0025080
28282592	1723	1733	traversing	T052	C0441655
28282592	1736	1742	region	T082	C0205147
28282592	1758	1776	refractory periods	T043	C0678839
28282592	1784	1792	obstacle	T080	C4045969
28282592	1796	1806	conduction	T042	C0232217
28282592	1835	1858	delay wavefront arrival	T033	C0243095
28282592	1870	1877	longest	T080	C1522425
28282592	1878	1895	refractory period	T043	C0678839
28282592	1903	1909	rotors	T074	C0025080
28282592	1941	1946	rotor	T074	C0025080
28282592	1959	1968	spin rate	T081	C0392762
28282592	1995	2013	activation pathway	T044	C1148560
28282592	2015	2026	Elimination	T052	C0441655
28282592	2030	2037	anchors	T061	C1293132
28282592	2041	2048	removal	T061	C0015252
28282592	2066	2074	ablation	T061	C0162563
28282592	2093	2099	region	T082	C0205147
28282592	2111	2116	rotor	T074	C0025080
28282592	2117	2122	onset	T080	C0332162
28282592	2139	2147	location	T029	C1515974
28282592	2195	2204	obstacles	T080	C4045969
28282592	2208	2218	conduction	T042	C0232217
28282592	2223	2242	spatial differences	T033	C0243095
28282592	2246	2263	refractory period	T043	C0678839
28282592	2278	2288	parameters	T078	C0237767
28282592	2308	2319	maintaining	T169	C1314677
28282592	2320	2339	rotational activity	T052	C0441655
28282592	2348	2358	simulation	T062	C0679083
28282592	2365	2371	atrial	T023	C0018792
28282592	2372	2381	substrate	T167	C3891814

28282614|t|Inhibition of Drp1 protects against senecionine - induced mitochondria -mediated apoptosis in primary hepatocytes and in mice
28282614|a|Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of compounds found in various plants and some of them are widely consumed in the world as herbal medicines and food supplements. PAs are potent hepatotoxins that cause irreversible liver injury in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms by which PAs induce liver injury are not clear. In the present study, we determined the hepatotoxicity and molecular mechanisms of senecionine, one of the most common toxic PAs, in primary cultured mouse and human hepatocytes as well as in mice. We found that senecionine administration increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels in mice. H&E and TUNEL staining of liver tissues revealed increased hemorrhage and hepatocyte apoptosis in liver zone 2 areas. Mechanistically, senecionine induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c as well as mitochondrial JNK translocation and activation prior to the increased DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation in primary cultured mouse and human hepatocyte s. SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, and ZVAD-fmk, a general caspase inhibitor, alleviated senecionine -induced apoptosis in primary hepatocytes. Interestingly, senecionine also caused marked mitochondria fragmentation in hepatocytes. Pharmacological inhibition of dynamin-related protein1 (Drp1), a protein that is critical to regulate mitochondrial fission, blocked senecionine - induced mitochondrial fragmentation and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and apoptosis. More importantly, hepatocyte -specific Drp1 knockout mice were resistant to senecionine - induced liver injury due to decreased mitochondrial damage and apoptosis. In conclusion, our results uncovered a novel mechanism of Drp1 -mediated mitochondrial fragmentation in senecionine - induced liver injury. Targeting Drp1 -mediated mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis may be a potential avenue to prevent and treat hepatotoxicity induced by PAs.
28282614	0	10	Inhibition	T044	C0021469
28282614	14	18	Drp1	T116,T126	C1957127
28282614	36	47	senecionine	T109,T121	C0074321
28282614	50	57	induced	T169	C0205263
28282614	58	70	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28282614	81	90	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28282614	102	113	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
28282614	121	125	mice	T015	C0026809
28282614	126	149	Pyrrolizidine alkaloids	T109,T123,T131	C0034335
28282614	151	154	PAs	T109,T123,T131	C0034335
28282614	171	180	compounds	T109,T121	C0002062
28282614	198	204	plants	T002	C0032098
28282614	258	274	herbal medicines	T121	C2240391
28282614	279	295	food supplements	T168	C0242295
28282614	297	300	PAs	T109,T123,T131	C0034335
28282614	312	324	hepatotoxins	T131	C0596691
28282614	336	348	irreversible	T037	C0879537
28282614	349	361	liver injury	T037	C0160390
28282614	365	372	animals	T008	C0003062
28282614	377	383	humans	T016	C0086418
28282614	418	421	PAs	T109,T123,T131	C0034335
28282614	422	428	induce	T169	C0205263
28282614	429	441	liver injury	T037	C0160390
28282614	497	511	hepatotoxicity	T037	C0235378
28282614	516	536	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1258062
28282614	540	551	senecionine	T109,T121	C0074321
28282614	576	581	toxic	T131	C0032346
28282614	582	585	PAs	T109,T123,T131	C0034335
28282614	598	606	cultured	T059	C0007585
28282614	607	612	mouse	T015	C0026809
28282614	617	622	human	T016	C0086418
28282614	623	634	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
28282614	649	653	mice	T015	C0026809
28282614	669	680	senecionine	T109,T121	C0074321
28282614	681	695	administration	T058	C3469597
28282614	696	743	increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels	T033	C0151905
28282614	747	751	mice	T015	C0026809
28282614	753	756	H&E	T059	C0523207
28282614	761	775	TUNEL staining	T063	C1515232
28282614	779	792	liver tissues	T023	C0736268
28282614	793	801	revealed	T080	C0443289
28282614	802	811	increased	T081	C0205217
28282614	812	822	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28282614	827	847	hepatocyte apoptosis	T043	C3269241
28282614	851	869	liver zone 2 areas	T029	C0507183
28282614	888	899	senecionine	T109,T121	C0074321
28282614	900	907	induced	T169	C0205263
28282614	908	912	loss	T081	C1517945
28282614	916	948	mitochondrial membrane potential	T043	C1720920
28282614	950	957	release	T169	C1283071
28282614	961	974	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28282614	975	987	cytochrome c	T116,T126	C0010749
28282614	999	1012	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28282614	1013	1016	JNK	T116,T126	C0380051
28282614	1017	1030	translocation	T043	C0599893
28282614	1059	1068	increased	T081	C0205217
28282614	1069	1086	DNA fragmentation	T044	C0376669
28282614	1091	1100	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
28282614	1101	1111	activation	T045	C0599177
28282614	1123	1131	cultured	T059	C0007585
28282614	1132	1137	mouse	T015	C0026809
28282614	1142	1147	human	T016	C0086418
28282614	1148	1158	hepatocyte	T025	C0227525
28282614	1162	1170	SP600125	T109,T121	C0968383
28282614	1183	1186	JNK	T116,T126	C0380051
28282614	1187	1197	inhibitor,	T121	C0014432
28282614	1202	1210	ZVAD-fmk	T116,T121	C0383779
28282614	1222	1239	caspase inhibitor	T121	C1516312
28282614	1252	1263	senecionine	T109,T121	C0074321
28282614	1273	1282	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28282614	1294	1305	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
28282614	1322	1333	senecionine	T109,T121	C0074321
28282614	1353	1379	mitochondria fragmentation	T043	C0230871
28282614	1383	1394	hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
28282614	1396	1411	Pharmacological	T070	C2350477
28282614	1412	1422	inhibition	T044	C0021469
28282614	1426	1450	dynamin-related protein1	T116,T126	C1957127
28282614	1452	1456	Drp1	T116,T126	C1957127
28282614	1461	1468	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28282614	1489	1519	regulate mitochondrial fission	T043	C2755551
28282614	1521	1528	blocked	T169	C0332206
28282614	1529	1540	senecionine	T109,T121	C0074321
28282614	1543	1550	induced	T169	C0205263
28282614	1551	1578	mitochondrial fragmentation	T043	C0230871
28282614	1583	1596	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28282614	1597	1604	release	T169	C1283071
28282614	1608	1620	cytochrome c	T116,T126	C0010749
28282614	1625	1634	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28282614	1654	1664	hepatocyte	T025	C0227525
28282614	1675	1679	Drp1	T116,T126	C1957127
28282614	1680	1693	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
28282614	1699	1708	resistant	T169	C0332325
28282614	1712	1723	senecionine	T109,T121	C0074321
28282614	1726	1733	induced	T169	C0205263
28282614	1734	1746	liver injury	T037	C0160390
28282614	1754	1763	decreased	T081	C0205216
28282614	1764	1784	mitochondrial damage	T046	C1096176
28282614	1789	1798	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28282614	1858	1862	Drp1	T116,T126	C1957127
28282614	1873	1900	mitochondrial fragmentation	T043	C0230871
28282614	1904	1915	senecionine	T109,T121	C0074321
28282614	1918	1925	induced	T169	C0205263
28282614	1926	1938	liver injury	T037	C0160390
28282614	1940	1949	Targeting	T044	C1159372
28282614	1950	1954	Drp1	T116,T126	C1957127
28282614	1965	1992	mitochondrial fragmentation	T043	C0230871
28282614	1997	2006	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28282614	2048	2053	treat	T061	C0087111
28282614	2054	2068	hepatotoxicity	T037	C0235378
28282614	2069	2076	induced	T169	C0205263
28282614	2080	2083	PAs	T109,T123,T131	C0034335

28282937|t|Attitude of Health Care Workers (HCWs) toward Patients Affected by HIV/AIDS and Drug Users: A Cross-Sectional Study
28282937|a|Caring for HIV/AIDS patients and/or drug users requires health care workers (HCWs) to have good knowledge of the issues. Cultural differences in HCWs, combined with professional ethics and personal beliefs, could also result in conflicting attitudes, leading to difficulties related to looking after people affected by HIV/AIDS or drug users. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients and/or drug users in a sample of workers operating in a large university hospital in southern Italy. A total of 736 workers were surveyed from May to November 2016. During the periodic occupational health surveillance, a questionnaire was administered about attitudes of discrimination, acceptance and fear towards these patients. Respondents showed average levels of acceptance to HIV/AIDS and drug user patients. As years of experience and professional training increased, scores for discrimination, acceptance of HIV/AIDS, acceptance of drug user s and fear decreased. Factors positively influencing levels of attitudes were being female and younger. Supplementary education is needed to strengthen the awareness of HCWs.
28282937	0	31	Attitude of Health Care Workers	UnknownType	C0815180
28282937	33	37	HCWs	T097	C0018724
28282937	46	54	Patients	T101	C0030705
28282937	55	63	Affected	T169	C0392760
28282937	67	75	HIV/AIDS	T047	C0497169
28282937	80	90	Drug Users	T101	C0338666
28282937	94	115	Cross-Sectional Study	T062	C0010362
28282937	116	122	Caring	T052	C1947933
28282937	127	135	HIV/AIDS	T047	C0497169
28282937	136	144	patients	T101	C0030705
28282937	152	162	drug users	T101	C0338666
28282937	172	191	health care workers	T097	C0018724
28282937	193	197	HCWs	T097	C0018724
28282937	207	211	good	T080	C0205170
28282937	212	221	knowledge	T033	C0518904
28282937	229	235	issues	T033	C0033213
28282937	237	257	Cultural differences	T080	C0683975
28282937	261	265	HCWs	T097	C0018724
28282937	267	275	combined	T080	C0205195
28282937	281	300	professional ethics	T078	C0015007
28282937	305	321	personal beliefs	T033	C3869789
28282937	334	340	result	T169	C1274040
28282937	344	365	conflicting attitudes	T033	C3875138
28282937	378	390	difficulties	T080	C0332218
28282937	416	422	people	T098	C0027361
28282937	423	431	affected	T169	C0392760
28282937	435	443	HIV/AIDS	T047	C0497169
28282937	447	457	drug users	T101	C0338666
28282937	461	482	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28282937	502	508	assess	T052	C1516048
28282937	513	521	attitude	T041	C0004271
28282937	530	538	HIV/AIDS	T047	C0497169
28282937	539	547	patients	T101	C0030705
28282937	555	565	drug users	T101	C0338666
28282937	571	577	sample	T098	C2348150
28282937	581	588	workers	T097	C0018724
28282937	610	629	university hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28282937	633	647	southern Italy	T083	C0022277
28282937	651	656	total	T080	C0439810
28282937	664	671	workers	T097	C0018724
28282937	677	685	surveyed	T170	C0038951
28282937	691	694	May	T079	C3812381
28282937	698	706	November	T079	C3828767
28282937	724	732	periodic	T079	C0332182
28282937	733	745	occupational	T090	C0028811
28282937	746	765	health surveillance	T058	C3494318
28282937	769	782	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28282937	787	799	administered	T169	C1521801
28282937	806	815	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28282937	819	833	discrimination	T054	C2987623
28282937	835	845	acceptance	T054	C0237445
28282937	850	854	fear	T041	C0015726
28282937	869	877	patients	T101	C0030705
28282937	879	890	Respondents	T098	C0282122
28282937	898	905	average	T081	C1510992
28282937	906	912	levels	T080	C0441889
28282937	916	926	acceptance	T054	C0237445
28282937	930	938	HIV/AIDS	T047	C0497169
28282937	943	952	drug user	T101	C0338666
28282937	953	961	patients	T101	C0030705
28282937	966	971	years	T079	C0439234
28282937	975	985	experience	T033	C0557355
28282937	990	1011	professional training	T065	C0683844
28282937	1012	1021	increased	T081	C0205217
28282937	1023	1029	scores	T081	C0449820
28282937	1034	1048	discrimination	T054	C2987623
28282937	1050	1060	acceptance	T054	C0237445
28282937	1064	1072	HIV/AIDS	T047	C0497169
28282937	1074	1084	acceptance	T054	C0237445
28282937	1088	1097	drug user	T101	C0338666
28282937	1088	1099	drug user s	T101	C0338666
28282937	1104	1108	fear	T041	C0015726
28282937	1109	1118	decreased	T081	C0205216
28282937	1120	1127	Factors	T169	C1521761
28282937	1128	1138	positively	T033	C1446409
28282937	1139	1150	influencing	T077	C4054723
28282937	1151	1157	levels	T080	C0441889
28282937	1161	1170	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28282937	1182	1188	female	T032	C0086287
28282937	1193	1200	younger	T079	C0332239
28282937	1202	1225	Supplementary education	T065	C0013621
28282937	1239	1249	strengthen	T078	C0808080
28282937	1254	1263	awareness	T041	C0004448
28282937	1267	1271	HCWs	T097	C0018724

28282963|t|Multimodal brain imaging with magnetoencephalography: A method for measuring blood pressure and cardiorespiratory oscillations
28282963|a|Studies with magnetoencephalography (MEG) are still quite rarely combined simultaneously with methods that can provide a metabolic dimension to MEG investigation s. In addition, continuous blood pressure measurements which comply with MEG compatibility requirements are lacking. For instance, by combining methods reflecting neurovascular status one could obtain more information on low frequency fluctuations that have recently gained increasing interest as a mediator of functional connectivity within brain networks. This paper presents a multimodal brain imaging setup, capable to non-invasively and continuously measure cerebral hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory and blood pressure oscillations simultaneously with MEG. In the setup, all methods apart from MEG rely on the use of fibre optics. In particular, we present a method for measuring of blood pressure and cardiorespiratory oscillations continuously with MEG. The potential of this type of multimodal setup for brain research is demonstrated by our preliminary studies on human, showing effects of mild hypercapnia, gathered simultaneously with the presented modalities.
28282963	0	24	Multimodal brain imaging	T060	C1513743
28282963	30	52	magnetoencephalography	T060	C0024489
28282963	56	62	method	T060	C0430022
28282963	67	76	measuring	T169	C0242485
28282963	77	91	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28282963	96	126	cardiorespiratory oscillations	T040	C0871665
28282963	127	134	Studies	T062	C2603343
28282963	140	162	magnetoencephalography	T060	C0024489
28282963	164	167	MEG	T060	C0024489
28282963	221	228	methods	T060	C0430022
28282963	248	267	metabolic dimension	T169	C0025520
28282963	271	274	MEG	T060	C0024489
28282963	275	288	investigation	T058	C0220825
28282963	316	343	blood pressure measurements	T058	C3826646
28282963	362	365	MEG	T060	C0024489
28282963	433	440	methods	T060	C0430022
28282963	452	472	neurovascular status	T058	C1828265
28282963	510	523	low frequency	T079	C0205213
28282963	524	536	fluctuations	T184	C0231239
28282963	600	623	functional connectivity	T169	C1707489
28282963	631	645	brain networks	T023	C2951780
28282963	669	693	multimodal brain imaging	T060	C1513743
28282963	712	726	non-invasively	T169	C0205303
28282963	752	760	cerebral	T023	C0006104
28282963	761	772	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
28282963	774	791	cardiorespiratory	T060	C0846599
28282963	796	810	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28282963	811	823	oscillations	T040	C0871665
28282963	844	847	MEG	T060	C0024489
28282963	867	874	methods	T060	C0430022
28282963	886	889	MEG	T060	C0024489
28282963	909	921	fibre optics	T090	C0015979
28282963	951	957	method	T060	C0430022
28282963	962	971	measuring	T169	C0242485
28282963	975	989	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28282963	994	1024	cardiorespiratory oscillations	T040	C0871665
28282963	1043	1046	MEG	T060	C0024489
28282963	1052	1061	potential	T080	C3245505
28282963	1078	1088	multimodal	T060	C1513743
28282963	1099	1113	brain research	T062	C0035168
28282963	1160	1165	human	T016	C0086418
28282963	1175	1185	effects of	T080	C1704420
28282963	1186	1202	mild hypercapnia	T033	C0020440
28282963	1247	1257	modalities	T169	C1275506

28283525|t|Molecular Viability Testing of UV - Inactivated Bacteria
28283525|a|The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is effective at detecting bacterial DNA in samples, but it is unable to differentiate viable bacteria from inactivated cells or free DNA fragments. New PCR -based analytical strategies have been developed to address this limitation. Molecular viability testing (MVT) correlates bacterial viability with the ability to rapidly synthesize species -specific ribosomal RNA precursor (pre-rRNA) in response to brief nutritional stimulation. Previous studies demonstrated that MVT can assess bacterial inactivation by chlorine, serum, and low-temperature pasteurization. Here, we demonstrate that MVT can detect inactivation of Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Enterococcus faecalis cells by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Some UV - inactivated E. coli cells transiently retained the ability to synthesize pre-rRNA post-irradiation (generating false-positive MVT results), but this activity ceased within one hour following UV exposure. Viable but transiently undetectable (by culture) E. coli cells were consistently detected by MVT. An alternative viability testing method, viability PCR (vPCR), correlates viability with cell envelope integrity. This method did not distinguish viable from UV - inactivated bacteria under some conditions, indicating that the inactivated cells retained intact cell envelopes. MVT holds promise as a means to rapidly assess microbial inactivation by UV treatment. IMPORTANCE Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is increasingly used to disinfect water, food, and other materials for human use. Confirming the effectiveness of UV disinfection remains a challenging task. In particular, microbiological methods that rely on rapid detection of microbial DNA can yield misleading results. This is due to the detection of " remnant " DNA associated with dead microbial cells. This report describes a novel method that rapidly distinguishes living from dead microbial cells after UV disinfection.
28283525	0	27	Molecular Viability Testing	UnknownType	C0545234
28283525	31	33	UV	T070	C0041625
28283525	36	56	Inactivated Bacteria	T007	C0004611
28283525	61	86	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
28283525	88	91	PCR	T063	C0032520
28283525	96	105	effective	T080	C1704419
28283525	109	118	detecting	T033	C0442726
28283525	119	132	bacterial DNA	T114	C0012924
28283525	136	143	samples	T167	C0370003
28283525	165	178	differentiate	T169	C2945687
28283525	179	185	viable	T080	C0443348
28283525	186	194	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28283525	200	217	inactivated cells	T007	C0563199
28283525	226	239	DNA fragments	UnknownType	C0684192
28283525	245	248	PCR	T063	C0032520
28283525	256	277	analytical strategies	T170	C0178476
28283525	314	324	limitation	T169	C0449295
28283525	326	353	Molecular viability testing	UnknownType	C0545234
28283525	355	358	MVT	UnknownType	C0545234
28283525	371	380	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28283525	381	390	viability	T043	C0007620
28283525	419	429	synthesize	T052	C1883254
28283525	430	437	species	T185	C1705920
28283525	448	461	ribosomal RNA	T114,T123	C0035701
28283525	462	471	precursor	T114,T123	C0242493
28283525	473	481	pre-rRNA	T114,T123	C0242493
28283525	504	515	nutritional	T080	C1521739
28283525	516	527	stimulation	T070	C1948023
28283525	564	567	MVT	UnknownType	C0545234
28283525	572	578	assess	T052	C1516048
28283525	579	601	bacterial inactivation	T059	C1563771
28283525	605	613	chlorine	T131,T196	C0008209
28283525	615	620	serum	T031	C0229671
28283525	626	641	low-temperature	T070	C0009264
28283525	642	656	pasteurization	T068	C0597885
28283525	684	687	MVT	UnknownType	C0545234
28283525	692	698	detect	T033	C0442726
28283525	699	711	inactivation	T059	C1563771
28283525	715	731	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28283525	733	753	Aeromonas hydrophila	T007	C0085491
28283525	759	780	Enterococcus faecalis	T007	C0038404
28283525	781	786	cells	T007	C0563199
28283525	790	818	ultraviolet (UV) irradiation	T070	C0041625
28283525	825	827	UV	T070	C0041625
28283525	830	849	inactivated E. coli	T007	C0014834
28283525	850	855	cells	T007	C0563199
28283525	892	902	synthesize	T052	C1883254
28283525	903	911	pre-rRNA	T114,T123	C0242493
28283525	912	928	post-irradiation	T079	C1254367
28283525	941	967	false-positive MVT results	T034	C0205557
28283525	979	987	activity	T059	C1563771
28283525	988	994	ceased	T080	C1272693
28283525	1021	1032	UV exposure	T069	C1710524
28283525	1034	1040	Viable	T080	C0443348
28283525	1057	1069	undetectable	T201	C3827727
28283525	1074	1081	culture	T059	C0430400
28283525	1083	1090	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28283525	1091	1096	cells	T007	C0563199
28283525	1115	1123	detected	T033	C0442726
28283525	1127	1130	MVT	UnknownType	C0545234
28283525	1147	1171	viability testing method	UnknownType	C0545234
28283525	1173	1182	viability	T043	C0007620
28283525	1183	1186	PCR	T063	C0032520
28283525	1188	1192	vPCR	T063	C0032520
28283525	1206	1215	viability	T043	C0007620
28283525	1221	1234	cell envelope	T026	C0598099
28283525	1235	1244	integrity	T080	C0205266
28283525	1278	1284	viable	T080	C0443348
28283525	1290	1292	UV	T070	C0041625
28283525	1295	1315	inactivated bacteria	T007	C0004611
28283525	1359	1376	inactivated cells	T007	C0563199
28283525	1386	1392	intact	T080	C0205266
28283525	1393	1407	cell envelopes	T026	C0598099
28283525	1409	1412	MVT	UnknownType	C0545234
28283525	1449	1455	assess	T052	C1516048
28283525	1456	1478	microbial inactivation	T059	C1563771
28283525	1482	1484	UV	T070	C0041625
28283525	1485	1494	treatment	T169	C1522326
28283525	1507	1535	Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation	T070	C0041625
28283525	1539	1551	increasingly	T169	C0442808
28283525	1560	1569	disinfect	T061	C0012683
28283525	1570	1575	water	T167	C0599638
28283525	1577	1581	food	T168	C0016452
28283525	1587	1592	other	T080	C0205394
28283525	1593	1602	materials	T167	C0520510
28283525	1607	1612	human	T016	C0086418
28283525	1613	1616	use	T169	C0457083
28283525	1618	1628	Confirming	T033	C0750484
28283525	1633	1646	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28283525	1650	1652	UV	T070	C0041625
28283525	1653	1665	disinfection	T061	C0012683
28283525	1709	1732	microbiological methods	T170	C0450078
28283525	1752	1761	detection	T033	C0442726
28283525	1765	1778	microbial DNA	T114,T123	C1291185
28283525	1800	1807	results	T034	C0456984
28283525	1828	1837	detection	T033	C0442726
28283525	1843	1850	remnant	T018	C3272697
28283525	1853	1856	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28283525	1857	1872	associated with	T080	C0332281
28283525	1873	1893	dead microbial cells	T043	C0007587
28283525	1959	1965	living	T025	C1441322
28283525	1971	1991	dead microbial cells	T043	C0007587
28283525	1998	2000	UV	T070	C0041625
28283525	2001	2013	disinfection	T061	C0012683

28283668|t|Effect of peritoneal lavage solution temperature on body temperature in anaesthetised cats and small dogs
28283668|a|A prospective, randomised, non-blinded, clinical study to assess the effect of peritoneal lavage using warmed fluid on body temperature in anesthetised cats and dogs of less than 10 kg body mass undergoing coeliotomy. A standardised anaesthetic protocol was used. Oesophageal and rectal temperatures were measured at various time points. At the end of surgery, group 1 patients (n=10) were lavaged with 200 ml/kg sterile isotonic saline at 34±1°C and group 2 (n=10) at 40±1°C. Groups were similar with respect to age, mass, body condition and surgical incision length. Duration of anaesthesia, surgical procedures and peritoneal lavage was similar between groups. Linear regression showed no significant change in oesophageal temperature during the lavage period for group 1 (P=0.64), but a significant increase for group 2 patients (P<0.0001), with mean temperature changes of -0.5°C (from (36.3°C to 35.9°C) and +0.9°C (from 35.4°C to 36.3°C), respectively. Similar results were found for rectal temperature, with mean changes of -0.5°C and +0.8°C (P=0.922 and 0.045), respectively. The use of isotonic crystalloid solution for peritoneal lavage at a temperature of 40±1°C significantly warms small animal patients, when applied in a clinical setting, compared with lavage solution at 34±1°C.
28283668	0	9	Effect of	T080	C1704420
28283668	10	27	peritoneal lavage	T058	C0031148
28283668	28	36	solution	T167	C0037633
28283668	37	48	temperature	T081	C0039476
28283668	52	68	body temperature	T032	C0005903
28283668	72	85	anaesthetised	T033	C1720436
28283668	86	90	cats	T015	C0007450
28283668	101	105	dogs	T015	C0012984
28283668	108	119	prospective	T062	C0033522
28283668	121	131	randomised	T062,T170	C0206034
28283668	133	144	non-blinded	T062	C0242481
28283668	146	160	clinical study	T062	C0008972
28283668	175	184	effect of	T080	C1704420
28283668	185	202	peritoneal lavage	T058	C0031148
28283668	209	215	warmed	T070	C0687712
28283668	216	221	fluid	T167	C0302908
28283668	225	241	body temperature	T032	C0005903
28283668	245	257	anesthetised	T033	C1720436
28283668	258	262	cats	T015	C0007450
28283668	267	271	dogs	T015	C0012984
28283668	291	300	body mass	T033	C0518010
28283668	312	322	coeliotomy	T061	C0023038
28283668	326	359	standardised anaesthetic protocol	T170	C0442711
28283668	370	381	Oesophageal	T058	C3161742
28283668	386	405	rectal temperatures	T033	C0489749
28283668	411	419	measured	T080	C0444706
28283668	423	442	various time points	T079	C1552717
28283668	458	465	surgery	T061	C0543467
28283668	467	483	group 1 patients	T101	C0030705
28283668	496	503	lavaged	T061	C0022100
28283668	519	526	sterile	T080	C0232920
28283668	527	542	isotonic saline	T121,T197	C0445115
28283668	557	562	group	T096	C1642385
28283668	583	589	Groups	T096	C1642385
28283668	619	622	age	T100	C0596090
28283668	624	628	mass	T081	C1306372
28283668	630	644	body condition	T033	C3687361
28283668	649	666	surgical incision	T061	C0184898
28283668	675	683	Duration	T079	C0449238
28283668	687	698	anaesthesia	T061	C0002921
28283668	700	719	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
28283668	724	741	peritoneal lavage	T058	C0031148
28283668	762	768	groups	T096	C1642385
28283668	770	787	Linear regression	T081	C0023733
28283668	795	816	no significant change	T033	C0243095
28283668	820	843	oesophageal temperature	T058	C3161742
28283668	855	861	lavage	T061	C0022100
28283668	862	868	period	T079	C1948053
28283668	873	878	group	T096	C1642385
28283668	922	938	group 2 patients	T101	C0030705
28283668	956	960	mean	T081	C0444504
28283668	961	980	temperature changes	T080	C0450031
28283668	1074	1081	results	T033	C0459422
28283668	1097	1115	rectal temperature	T033	C0489749
28283668	1122	1126	mean	T081	C0444504
28283668	1202	1210	isotonic	T121	C0022260
28283668	1211	1231	crystalloid solution	T121	C0056562
28283668	1236	1253	peritoneal lavage	T058	C0031148
28283668	1259	1270	temperature	T081	C0039476
28283668	1295	1300	warms	T070	C0687712
28283668	1301	1322	small animal patients	T101	C0030705
28283668	1342	1358	clinical setting	T082	C3176918
28283668	1374	1380	lavage	T061	C0022100

28283889|t|CF3DODA-Me induces apoptosis, degrades Sp1, and blocks the transformation phase of the blebbishield emergency program
28283889|a|Cancer stem cells are capable of undergoing cellular transformation after commencement of apoptosis through the blebbishield emergency program in a VEGF - VEGFR2 - dependent manner. Development of therapeutics targeting the blebbishield emergency program would thus be important in cancer therapy. Specificity protein 1 (Sp1) orchestrates the transcription of both VEGF and VEGFR2; hence, Sp1 could act as a therapeutic target. Here, we demonstrate that CF3DODA-Me induced apoptosis, degraded Sp1, inhibited the expression of multiple drivers of the blebbishield emergency program such as VEGFR2, p70S6K, and N-Myc through activation of caspase-3, inhibited reactive oxygen species; and inhibited K-Ras activation to abolish transformation from blebbishields as well as transformation in soft agar. These findings confirm CF3DODA-Me as a potential therapeutic candidate that can induce apoptosis and block transformation from blebbishields.
28283889	0	10	CF3DODA-Me	T121	C1254351
28283889	11	18	induces	T169	C0205263
28283889	19	28	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28283889	30	38	degrades	T169	C0243125
28283889	39	42	Sp1	T116,T123	C0080245
28283889	48	54	blocks	T169	C0332206
28283889	59	73	transformation	T043	C0040682
28283889	87	117	blebbishield emergency program	T043	C0007613
28283889	118	135	Cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
28283889	162	185	cellular transformation	T046	C1510411
28283889	192	204	commencement	T079	C0439659
28283889	208	217	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28283889	230	260	blebbishield emergency program	T043	C0007613
28283889	266	270	VEGF	T116,T123	C1256770
28283889	273	279	VEGFR2	T116,T192	C0378796
28283889	282	291	dependent	T080	C0851827
28283889	300	311	Development	T169	C1527148
28283889	315	327	therapeutics	T061	C0087111
28283889	328	337	targeting	T043	C0599894
28283889	342	372	blebbishield emergency program	T043	C0007613
28283889	400	414	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
28283889	416	437	Specificity protein 1	T116,T123	C0080245
28283889	439	442	Sp1	T116,T123	C0080245
28283889	461	474	transcription	T045	C0040649
28283889	483	487	VEGF	T028	C1823619
28283889	492	498	VEGFR2	T028	C1334306
28283889	507	510	Sp1	T116,T123	C0080245
28283889	526	537	therapeutic	T169	C0039798
28283889	572	582	CF3DODA-Me	T121	C1254351
28283889	583	590	induced	T169	C0205263
28283889	591	600	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28283889	602	610	degraded	T169	C0243125
28283889	611	614	Sp1	T116,T123	C0080245
28283889	616	625	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28283889	630	640	expression	T045	C1171362
28283889	668	698	blebbishield emergency program	T043	C0007613
28283889	707	713	VEGFR2	T116,T192	C0378796
28283889	715	721	p70S6K	T116,T126	C0073337
28283889	727	732	N-Myc	T116,T123	C0079885
28283889	741	751	activation	T052	C1879547
28283889	755	764	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
28283889	766	775	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28283889	776	799	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28283889	805	814	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28283889	815	820	K-Ras	T116,T126	C0079973
28283889	821	831	activation	T052	C1879547
28283889	835	842	abolish	T169	C0332206
28283889	843	857	transformation	T043	C0040682
28283889	863	876	blebbishields	T026	C0243092
28283889	888	902	transformation	T043	C0040682
28283889	906	915	soft agar	T109,T121,T130	C0001771
28283889	932	939	confirm	T033	C0750484
28283889	940	950	CF3DODA-Me	T121	C1254351
28283889	956	965	potential	T080	C3245505
28283889	966	977	therapeutic	T169	C0039798
28283889	978	987	candidate	T121	C1254351
28283889	997	1003	induce	T169	C0205263
28283889	1004	1013	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28283889	1018	1023	block	T169	C0332206
28283889	1024	1038	transformation	T043	C0040682
28283889	1044	1057	blebbishields	T026	C0243092

28284173|t|Patient - derived solitary fibrous tumour xenografts predict high sensitivity to doxorubicin/dacarbazine combination confirmed in the clinic and highlight the potential effectiveness of trabectedin or eribulin against this tumour
28284173|a|Preclinical models that mimic pathological and molecular features of solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) represent an important tool to select effective regimes and novel compounds to be tested in the clinic. This study was aimed at developing two preclinical models of SFT, assessing their predictive value in the clinic and selecting potential novel effective treatments. Two dedifferentiated-SFT (D-SFT) models obtained from patients ' biopsies were grown in immunodeficient mice. The antitumour activity on these models of doxorubicin, dacarbazine (DTIC), ifosfamide (monotherapy or combination), trabectedin and eribulin was tested. Twelve SFT patients were treated with doxorubicin and DTIC. Response by RECIST, progression-free survival and overall survival were retrospectively evaluated, distinguishing malignant-SFT (M-SFT) and D-SFT. Two D-SFT patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) that represent the first available preclinical in vivo models of SFT were developed and characterised. Doxorubicin/DTIC, DTIC/ifosfamide, doxorubicin/ifosfamide combinations consistently induced better antitumour activity than the single-agents. Particularly, doxorubicin/DTIC combination caused a max tumour volume inhibition >80% in both models. Doxorubicin/DTIC combo showed activity also in the case-series. Best RECIST responses were: 6 responses (M-SFT = 2 of 7, D-SFT = 4 of 5), 1 stable disease, 5 progressions, with a 6-month median progression-free survival (M-SFT = 6, D-SFT = 10 months). The PDXs were very sensitive to trabectedin and eribulin. Doxorubicin plus DTIC combination was effective in our two D-SFT mice models and appeared to be active also in the clinic, especially in high-grade D-SFT patients. Among additional drugs tested in the PDXs, trabectedin and eribulin were highly effective, providing a rational to test these drugs in D-SFT patients.
28284173	0	7	Patient	T101	C0030705
28284173	10	17	derived	T080	C1441547
28284173	18	41	solitary fibrous tumour	T191	C1266119
28284173	42	52	xenografts	T122	C0522537
28284173	53	60	predict	T078	C0681842
28284173	61	65	high	T080	C0205250
28284173	66	77	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28284173	81	116	doxorubicin/dacarbazine combination	T061	C0050841
28284173	117	126	confirmed	T080	C0521093
28284173	134	140	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28284173	159	168	potential	T080	C3245505
28284173	169	182	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28284173	186	197	trabectedin	T109,T121	C1311070
28284173	201	209	eribulin	T109,T121	C2350866
28284173	210	217	against	T080	C0521124
28284173	223	229	tumour	T191	C0027651
28284173	230	248	Preclinical models	T170	C1514292
28284173	260	272	pathological	T169	C1521733
28284173	277	286	molecular	T167	C0567416
28284173	287	295	features	T080	C2348519
28284173	299	322	solitary fibrous tumour	T191	C1266119
28284173	324	327	SFT	T191	C1266119
28284173	329	338	represent	T052	C1882932
28284173	342	351	important	T080	C3898777
28284173	352	356	tool	T170	C1516602
28284173	360	366	select	T052	C1707391
28284173	367	376	effective	T080	C1704419
28284173	377	384	regimes	T058	C0418956
28284173	389	394	novel	T080	C0205314
28284173	395	404	compounds	T080	C0205198
28284173	411	417	tested	T169	C0039593
28284173	425	431	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28284173	438	443	study	T062	C2603343
28284173	448	453	aimed	T169	C1521840
28284173	472	490	preclinical models	T170	C1514292
28284173	494	497	SFT	T191	C1266119
28284173	515	531	predictive value	T080	C1514307
28284173	539	545	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28284173	550	559	selecting	T052	C1707391
28284173	560	569	potential	T080	C3245505
28284173	570	575	novel	T080	C0205314
28284173	576	585	effective	T080	C1704419
28284173	586	596	treatments	T169	C1522326
28284173	602	622	dedifferentiated-SFT	T191	C2699572
28284173	624	629	D-SFT	T191	C2699572
28284173	631	637	models	T170	C1514292
28284173	638	646	obtained	T169	C1301820
28284173	652	660	patients	T101	C0030705
28284173	663	671	biopsies	T060	C0005558
28284173	686	706	immunodeficient mice	T015	C1512658
28284173	712	731	antitumour activity	T033	C0243095
28284173	741	747	models	T170	C1514292
28284173	751	762	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28284173	764	775	dacarbazine	T109,T121	C0010927
28284173	777	781	DTIC	T109,T121	C0010927
28284173	784	794	ifosfamide	T109,T121	C0020823
28284173	796	807	monotherapy	T061	C3846440
28284173	811	822	combination	T061	C0013218
28284173	825	836	trabectedin	T109,T121	C1311070
28284173	841	849	eribulin	T109,T121	C2350866
28284173	854	860	tested	T169	C0039593
28284173	869	872	SFT	T191	C1266119
28284173	873	881	patients	T101	C0030705
28284173	887	899	treated with	T061	C0332293
28284173	900	911	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28284173	916	920	DTIC	T109,T121	C0010927
28284173	922	930	Response	T032	C0871261
28284173	934	940	RECIST	T170	C1709926
28284173	942	967	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
28284173	972	988	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28284173	994	1009	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28284173	1021	1035	distinguishing	T080	C0205615
28284173	1036	1049	malignant-SFT	T191	C1266120
28284173	1051	1056	M-SFT	T191	C1266120
28284173	1062	1067	D-SFT	T191	C2699572
28284173	1073	1078	D-SFT	T191	C2699572
28284173	1079	1105	patient-derived xenografts	T050	C4050317
28284173	1107	1111	PDXs	T050	C4050317
28284173	1148	1159	preclinical	T080	C1709630
28284173	1160	1174	in vivo models	T062	C1515657
28284173	1178	1181	SFT	T191	C1266119
28284173	1201	1214	characterised	T052	C1880022
28284173	1216	1232	Doxorubicin/DTIC	T061	C0050841
28284173	1234	1249	DTIC/ifosfamide	T061	C0013218
28284173	1251	1286	doxorubicin/ifosfamide combinations	T061	C0278906
28284173	1300	1307	induced	T169	C0205263
28284173	1308	1314	better	T080	C0332272
28284173	1315	1334	antitumour activity	T033	C0243095
28284173	1344	1357	single-agents	T061	C3846440
28284173	1373	1401	doxorubicin/DTIC combination	T061	C0050841
28284173	1402	1408	caused	T169	C0015127
28284173	1411	1414	max	T081	C0806909
28284173	1415	1439	tumour volume inhibition	T043	C1512773
28284173	1448	1452	both	T080	C1706086
28284173	1453	1459	models	T170	C1514292
28284173	1461	1483	Doxorubicin/DTIC combo	T061	C0050841
28284173	1491	1499	activity	T169	C0205177
28284173	1512	1523	case-series	T062	C0150093
28284173	1530	1536	RECIST	T170	C1709926
28284173	1537	1546	responses	T032	C0871261
28284173	1555	1564	responses	T032	C0871261
28284173	1566	1571	M-SFT	T191	C1266120
28284173	1582	1587	D-SFT	T191	C2699572
28284173	1601	1615	stable disease	T033	C0677946
28284173	1619	1631	progressions	T046	C0242656
28284173	1640	1647	6-month	T079	C0439231
28284173	1655	1680	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
28284173	1682	1687	M-SFT	T191	C1266120
28284173	1693	1698	D-SFT	T191	C2699572
28284173	1701	1710	10 months	T079	C0439231
28284173	1717	1721	PDXs	T050	C4050317
28284173	1732	1741	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28284173	1745	1756	trabectedin	T109,T121	C1311070
28284173	1761	1769	eribulin	T109,T121	C2350866
28284173	1771	1804	Doxorubicin plus DTIC combination	T061	C0050841
28284173	1809	1818	effective	T080	C1704419
28284173	1830	1835	D-SFT	T191	C2699572
28284173	1836	1847	mice models	T170	C0086272
28284173	1852	1860	appeared	T080	C0700364
28284173	1867	1873	active	T169	C0205177
28284173	1886	1892	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28284173	1908	1918	high-grade	T080	C0205082
28284173	1919	1924	D-SFT	T191	C2699572
28284173	1925	1933	patients	T101	C0030705
28284173	1941	1951	additional	T169	C1524062
28284173	1952	1957	drugs	T121	C0013227
28284173	1958	1964	tested	T169	C0039593
28284173	1972	1976	PDXs	T050	C4050317
28284173	1978	1989	trabectedin	T109,T121	C1311070
28284173	1994	2002	eribulin	T109,T121	C2350866
28284173	2008	2014	highly	T080	C0205250
28284173	2015	2024	effective	T080	C1704419
28284173	2050	2054	test	T169	C0039593
28284173	2061	2066	drugs	T121	C0013227
28284173	2070	2075	D-SFT	T191	C2699572
28284173	2076	2084	patients	T101	C0030705

28284180|t|Candida krusei form mycelia along agar surfaces towards each other and other Candida species
28284180|a|Candida krusei has been known to exhibit communal interactions such as pellicle formation and crawling out of nutritional broth. We noticed another possible interaction on agar surfaces, where C. krusei yeast cells formed mycelia along agar surfaces toward each other. We report here the results of experiments to study this interaction. When C.krusei yeast cells are plated in parallel streaks, they form mycelia along agar surfaces toward other yeasts. They also detect the presence of Candida albicans and Candida glabrata across agar surfaces, while the latter two react neither to their own kind, nor to C. krusei. Secreted molecule(s) are likely involved as C.krusei does not react to heat killed C. krusei. Timing and rate of mycelia formation across distances suggests that mycelia start forming when a secreted molecule(s) on agar surface reaches a certain concentration. We detected farnesol, tyrosol and tryptophol molecules that may be involved with mycelial formation, on the agar surfaces between yeast streaks. Unexpectedly the amounts detected between streaks were significantly higher than would have expected from additive amounts of two streaks. All three Candida species secreted these molecules. When tested on agar surface however, none of these molecules individually or combined induced mycelia formation by C. krusei. Our data confirms another communal interaction by C. krusei, manifested by formation of mycelia by yeast cells toward their own kind and other yeasts on agar surfaces. We detected secretion of farnesol, tyrosol and tryptophol by C. krusei but none of these molecules induced this activity on agar surface making it unlikely that they are the ones utilized by this yeast for this activity.
28284180	0	14	Candida krusei	T004	C0319629
28284180	20	27	mycelia	T004	C0949695
28284180	34	38	agar	T130	C1720273
28284180	39	47	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28284180	77	92	Candida species	T004	C0006836
28284180	93	107	Candida krusei	T004	C0319629
28284180	134	155	communal interactions	T169	C1704675
28284180	164	182	pellicle formation	T043	C2612419
28284180	187	195	crawling	T040	C0007608
28284180	203	214	nutritional	T080	C1521739
28284180	215	220	broth	T130	C2919900
28284180	250	261	interaction	T169	C1704675
28284180	265	269	agar	T130	C1720273
28284180	270	278	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28284180	286	295	C. krusei	T004	C0319629
28284180	296	301	yeast	T004	C0043393
28284180	302	307	cells	T025	C0007634
28284180	315	322	mycelia	T004	C0949695
28284180	329	333	agar	T130	C1720273
28284180	334	342	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28284180	365	371	report	T170	C0684224
28284180	381	403	results of experiments	T033	C2825142
28284180	407	412	study	T062	C2603343
28284180	418	429	interaction	T169	C1704675
28284180	436	444	C.krusei	T004	C0319629
28284180	445	450	yeast	T004	C0043393
28284180	451	456	cells	T025	C0007634
28284180	471	487	parallel streaks	T078	C2348542
28284180	499	506	mycelia	T004	C0949695
28284180	513	517	agar	T130	C1720273
28284180	518	526	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28284180	540	546	yeasts	T004	C0043393
28284180	569	577	presence	T033	C0150312
28284180	581	597	Candida albicans	T004	C0006837
28284180	602	618	Candida glabrata	T004	C0319899
28284180	626	630	agar	T130	C1720273
28284180	631	639	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28284180	702	711	C. krusei	T004	C0319629
28284180	713	721	Secreted	T038	C0036536
28284180	722	733	molecule(s)	T167	C0567416
28284180	757	765	C.krusei	T004	C0319629
28284180	784	805	heat killed C. krusei	T004	C0319629
28284180	807	813	Timing	T079	C0449243
28284180	818	822	rate	T081	C1521828
28284180	826	833	mycelia	T004	C0949695
28284180	834	843	formation	T169	C1522492
28284180	875	882	mycelia	T004	C0949695
28284180	904	912	secreted	T038	C0036536
28284180	913	924	molecule(s)	T167	C0567416
28284180	928	932	agar	T130	C1720273
28284180	933	940	surface	T082	C0205148
28284180	986	994	farnesol	T109,T121	C0015637
28284180	996	1003	tyrosol	T109,T121	C0048386
28284180	1008	1018	tryptophol	T109,T121	C0077446
28284180	1019	1028	molecules	T167	C0567416
28284180	1055	1063	mycelial	T004	C0949695
28284180	1064	1073	formation	T169	C1522492
28284180	1082	1086	agar	T130	C1720273
28284180	1087	1095	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28284180	1104	1109	yeast	T004	C0043393
28284180	1110	1117	streaks	T078	C2348542
28284180	1161	1168	streaks	T078	C2348542
28284180	1174	1187	significantly	T078	C0750502
28284180	1249	1256	streaks	T078	C2348542
28284180	1268	1283	Candida species	T004	C0006836
28284180	1284	1292	secreted	T038	C0036536
28284180	1299	1308	molecules	T167	C0567416
28284180	1325	1329	agar	T130	C1720273
28284180	1330	1337	surface	T082	C0205148
28284180	1361	1370	molecules	T167	C0567416
28284180	1404	1411	mycelia	T004	C0949695
28284180	1412	1421	formation	T169	C1522492
28284180	1425	1434	C. krusei	T004	C0319629
28284180	1440	1444	data	T078	C1511726
28284180	1462	1482	communal interaction	T169	C1704675
28284180	1486	1495	C. krusei	T004	C0319629
28284180	1497	1510	manifested by	T080	C1280444
28284180	1511	1520	formation	T169	C1522492
28284180	1524	1531	mycelia	T004	C0949695
28284180	1535	1540	yeast	T004	C0043393
28284180	1541	1546	cells	T025	C0007634
28284180	1579	1585	yeasts	T004	C0043393
28284180	1589	1593	agar	T130	C1720273
28284180	1594	1602	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28284180	1616	1625	secretion	T038	C0036536
28284180	1629	1637	farnesol	T109,T121	C0015637
28284180	1639	1646	tyrosol	T109,T121	C0048386
28284180	1651	1661	tryptophol	T109,T121	C0077446
28284180	1665	1674	C. krusei	T004	C0319629
28284180	1693	1702	molecules	T167	C0567416
28284180	1703	1710	induced	T169	C0205263
28284180	1716	1724	activity	T052	C0441655
28284180	1728	1732	agar	T130	C1720273
28284180	1733	1740	surface	T082	C0205148
28284180	1800	1805	yeast	T004	C0043393
28284180	1815	1823	activity	T052	C0441655

28284223|t|Genetic diversity of Taenia saginata (Cestoda: Cyclophyllidea) from Lao People's Democratic Republic and northeastern Thailand based on mitochondrial DNA
28284223|a|Taenia saginata is a tapeworm found in cattle worldwide. Analysis of genetic diversity in different geographical populations of T. saginata not only helps to understand the origin, transmission and spread of this organism, but also to evaluate the selection pressures acting on T. saginata and how it is responding to them. However, there are few reports of the genetic variability of T. saginata populations in different regions of the world, including Lao PDR and Thailand. We report the genetic diversity of T. saginata populations in Lao PDR and northeastern Thailand together with sequences of T. saginata from other countries deposited in GenBank. Mitochondrial cox1 sequence analysis revealed that 15 and 8 haplotypes were identified in 30 and 21 T. saginata isolates from Lao PDR and northeastern Thailand, respectively. Fifty-three haplotypes were identified from 98 sequences. Phylogenetic tree and haplotype network analyses revealed that global isolates of T. saginata were genetically divided into five groups (A, B, C1, C2 and D). Taenia saginata isolates from Lao PDR and northeastern Thailand belonged to either Group A or B. Taenia saginata from western Thailand clustered in groups C1, C2 and D, and populations from the northeast and western Thailand were found to be genetically distinct. Taenia saginata isolates in Lao PDR and Thailand were also found to be genetically diverse but the degree of genetic differentiation was low. Taenia saginata populations from Lao PDR and northeastern Thailand are genetically distinct from the population in western Thailand and it is proposed that T. saginata has been dispersed by different transmission routes in Southeast Asia.
28284223	0	17	Genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
28284223	21	36	Taenia saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	38	45	Cestoda	T204	C1706526
28284223	47	61	Cyclophyllidea	T204	C0322145
28284223	68	100	Lao People's Democratic Republic	T083	C0023034
28284223	105	117	northeastern	T083	C0017446
28284223	118	126	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28284223	136	153	mitochondrial DNA	T114,T123	C0012929
28284223	154	169	Taenia saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	175	183	tapeworm	T204	C1706526
28284223	193	199	cattle	T015	C0007452
28284223	211	219	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28284223	223	240	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
28284223	254	278	geographical populations	T081	C0032659
28284223	282	293	T. saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	327	333	origin	T079	C0439659
28284223	335	347	transmission	T070	C1521797
28284223	352	358	spread	T080	C0332261
28284223	367	375	organism	T001	C0029235
28284223	432	443	T. saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	516	535	genetic variability	T070	C0042333
28284223	539	562	T. saginata populations	T204	C0221085
28284223	576	583	regions	T083	C0017446
28284223	591	596	world	T098	C2700280
28284223	608	615	Lao PDR	T083	C0023034
28284223	620	628	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28284223	644	661	genetic diversity	T114,T123	C0012929
28284223	665	688	T. saginata populations	T204	C0221085
28284223	692	699	Lao PDR	T083	C0023034
28284223	704	716	northeastern	T083	C0017446
28284223	717	725	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28284223	740	749	sequences	T086	C0162326
28284223	753	764	T. saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	776	785	countries	T083	C0454664
28284223	799	806	GenBank	T170	C0598211
28284223	808	826	Mitochondrial cox1	T028	C1537985
28284223	827	844	sequence analysis	T059,T063	C0162802
28284223	868	878	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
28284223	908	919	T. saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	934	941	Lao PDR	T083	C0023034
28284223	946	958	northeastern	T083	C0017446
28284223	959	967	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28284223	995	1005	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
28284223	1030	1039	sequences	T086	C0162326
28284223	1041	1058	Phylogenetic tree	T062	C1519068
28284223	1063	1089	haplotype network analyses	T062	C0242481
28284223	1104	1110	global	T080	C2348867
28284223	1123	1134	T. saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	1170	1176	groups	T078	C0441833
28284223	1178	1179	A	T078	C0441833
28284223	1181	1182	B	T078	C0441833
28284223	1184	1186	C1	T078	C0441833
28284223	1188	1190	C2	T078	C0441833
28284223	1195	1196	D	T078	C0441833
28284223	1199	1214	Taenia saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	1229	1236	Lao PDR	T083	C0023034
28284223	1241	1253	northeastern	T083	C0017446
28284223	1254	1262	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28284223	1282	1289	Group A	T078	C0441833
28284223	1293	1294	B	T078	C0441833
28284223	1296	1311	Taenia saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	1317	1324	western	T083	C0017446
28284223	1325	1333	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28284223	1347	1356	groups C1	T078	C0441833
28284223	1358	1360	C2	T078	C0441833
28284223	1365	1366	D	T078	C0441833
28284223	1372	1383	populations	T204	C0684063
28284223	1393	1402	northeast	T083	C0017446
28284223	1407	1414	western	T083	C0017446
28284223	1415	1423	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28284223	1463	1478	Taenia saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	1491	1498	Lao PDR	T083	C0023034
28284223	1503	1511	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28284223	1534	1553	genetically diverse	T070	C0042333
28284223	1572	1595	genetic differentiation	T045	C0917892
28284223	1605	1632	Taenia saginata populations	T204	C0221085
28284223	1638	1645	Lao PDR	T083	C0023034
28284223	1650	1662	northeastern	T083	C0017446
28284223	1663	1671	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28284223	1706	1716	population	T204	C0684063
28284223	1720	1727	western	T083	C0017446
28284223	1728	1736	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28284223	1761	1772	T. saginata	T204	C0221085
28284223	1805	1824	transmission routes	T070	C1521797
28284223	1828	1842	Southeast Asia	T083	C0003983

28284237|t|Interpreting Pain Symptoms and How Pain Affects Neuromuscular Control in Dancers If I'm in Pain, How Should I Train?
28284237|a|This review draws from leading research on pain neuroscience and control of posture and movement to help inform rehabilitation approaches and when it may or may not be prudent to " dance through" pain. Control of posture and movement is frequently distorted by pain perception, and that may not be altered even when the pain is resolved. It is important to exclude serious systemic disease or major tissue injury with severe, unremitting, or persistent symptoms before focusing on movement -based rehabilitation. Both specific exercises (contraction of specific muscles and use of movement techniques) and general exercises (which promote strength, power, endurance, and flexibility) can help to manage individuals with persistent pain problems. Training control of posture and movement can improve motor skills and tissue integrity and also normalize perception of sensory stimuli from the peripheral nervous system in the brain. A framework for planning such training can be considered in terms of progression of load, complexity, and context.
28284237	0	12	Interpreting	T169	C1285553
28284237	13	26	Pain Symptoms	T184	C0030193
28284237	35	39	Pain	T184	C0030193
28284237	40	47	Affects	T058	C2237113
28284237	48	61	Neuromuscular	T080	C1979768
28284237	62	69	Control	T080	C0243148
28284237	73	80	Dancers	T097	C0335081
28284237	91	95	Pain	T184	C0030193
28284237	110	115	Train	T065	C0220931
28284237	122	128	review	T170	C0282443
28284237	148	156	research	T062	C0035168
28284237	160	164	pain	T184	C0030193
28284237	165	177	neuroscience	T091	C0027910
28284237	182	200	control of posture	T033	C0561945
28284237	205	213	movement	T040	C0026649
28284237	229	254	rehabilitation approaches	T169	C0034992
28284237	298	303	dance	T056	C0010963
28284237	313	317	pain	T184	C0030193
28284237	319	337	Control of posture	T033	C0561945
28284237	342	350	movement	T040	C0026649
28284237	365	374	distorted	T169	C0700135
28284237	378	393	pain perception	T040	C3714605
28284237	415	422	altered	T169	C0392747
28284237	437	441	pain	T184	C0030193
28284237	445	453	resolved	T033	C3714811
28284237	490	506	systemic disease	T047	C0442893
28284237	510	529	major tissue injury	T033	C2136639
28284237	559	569	persistent	T079	C0205322
28284237	570	578	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28284237	598	606	movement	T040	C0026649
28284237	614	628	rehabilitation	T091	C1306847
28284237	635	653	specific exercises	T056	C0015259
28284237	655	686	contraction of specific muscles	T039	C0026820
28284237	698	706	movement	T040	C0026649
28284237	707	717	techniques	T169	C0449851
28284237	723	740	general exercises	T056	C0015259
28284237	748	755	promote	T052	C0033414
28284237	756	764	strength	T081	C0237897
28284237	766	771	power	T081	C3854080
28284237	773	782	endurance	T033	C0518031
28284237	788	799	flexibility	T080	C0242808
28284237	820	831	individuals	T098	C0237401
28284237	837	847	persistent	T079	C0205322
28284237	848	852	pain	T184	C0030193
28284237	863	871	Training	T065	C0220931
28284237	872	890	control of posture	T033	C0561945
28284237	895	903	movement	T040	C0026649
28284237	916	928	motor skills	T040	C0026612
28284237	933	949	tissue integrity	UnknownType	C0548354
28284237	959	968	normalize	T062	C1882115
28284237	969	979	perception	T041	C0030971
28284237	983	998	sensory stimuli	UnknownType	C0683107
28284237	1008	1033	peripheral nervous system	T022	C0206417
28284237	1041	1046	brain	T023	C0006104
28284237	1078	1086	training	T065	C0220931
28284237	1117	1128	progression	T169	C0449258
28284237	1138	1148	complexity	T169	C0237523
28284237	1154	1161	context	T078	C0449255

28284468|t|The influence of tracheostomy timing on outcomes in trauma patients: A meta-analysis
28284468|a|This study aims to assess the influence of tracheostomy timing on outcomes among trauma patients, including mortality, medical resource utility and incidence of pneumonia. A systematic review of the literature was conducted by internet search. Data were extracted from selected studies and analyzed using Stata to compare outcomes in trauma patients with early tracheostomy (ET) or late tracheostomy (LT)/ prolonged intubation (PI). 20 studies met our inclusion criteria with 3305 patients in ET group and 4446 patients in LT / PI group. Pooled data revealed that mortality was not lower in trauma patients with ET compared to those with LT / IP. However, ET was found to be associated with a significantly reduced length of ICU and hospital stay, shorter MV duration and lower risk of pneumonia. Evidence of this meta-analysis supports the dimorphism in some clinical outcomes of trauma patients with different tracheostomy timing. Additional well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm it in future.
28284468	17	29	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
28284468	30	36	timing	T079	C0449243
28284468	40	48	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28284468	52	58	trauma	T037	C3714660
28284468	59	67	patients	T101	C0030705
28284468	71	84	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28284468	90	95	study	T062	C2603343
28284468	128	140	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
28284468	141	147	timing	T079	C0449243
28284468	151	159	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28284468	166	172	trauma	T037	C3714660
28284468	173	181	patients	T101	C0030705
28284468	193	202	mortality	T081	C0205848
28284468	204	211	medical	T169	C0205476
28284468	212	220	resource	T078	C0035201
28284468	221	228	utility	T092	C0582205
28284468	246	255	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28284468	259	276	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28284468	284	294	literature	T170	C0023866
28284468	312	320	internet	T073	C0282111
28284468	321	327	search	T052	C1706202
28284468	329	333	Data	T078	C1511726
28284468	363	370	studies	T062	C2603343
28284468	390	395	Stata	T073,T170	C0037585
28284468	407	415	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28284468	419	425	trauma	T037	C3714660
28284468	426	434	patients	T101	C0030705
28284468	440	445	early	T079	C1279919
28284468	446	458	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
28284468	460	462	ET	T061	C0040590
28284468	467	471	late	T079	C0205087
28284468	472	484	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
28284468	486	488	LT	T061	C0040590
28284468	491	500	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28284468	501	511	intubation	T061	C0021925
28284468	513	515	PI	T061	C0021925
28284468	521	528	studies	T062	C2603343
28284468	566	574	patients	T101	C0030705
28284468	578	580	ET	T061	C0040590
28284468	581	586	group	T098	C1257890
28284468	596	604	patients	T101	C0030705
28284468	608	610	LT	T061	C0040590
28284468	613	615	PI	T061	C0021925
28284468	616	621	group	T098	C1257890
28284468	630	634	data	T078	C1511726
28284468	649	658	mortality	T081	C0205848
28284468	676	682	trauma	T037	C3714660
28284468	683	691	patients	T101	C0030705
28284468	697	699	ET	T061	C0040590
28284468	723	725	LT	T061	C0040590
28284468	728	730	IP	T061	C0021925
28284468	741	743	ET	T061	C0040590
28284468	810	813	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28284468	818	831	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28284468	841	843	MV	T061	C0199470
28284468	844	852	duration	T079	C0449238
28284468	857	867	lower risk	T081	C3538919
28284468	871	880	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28284468	899	912	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28284468	926	936	dimorphism	T082	C0205220
28284468	945	953	clinical	T080	C0205210
28284468	954	962	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28284468	966	972	trauma	T037	C3714660
28284468	973	981	patients	T101	C0030705
28284468	997	1009	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
28284468	1010	1016	timing	T079	C0449243
28284468	1043	1071	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28284468	1073	1077	RCTs	T062	C0206035

28284588|t|Did Contraceptive Use Patterns Change after the Affordable Care Act? A Descriptive Analysis
28284588|a|The Affordable Care Act (ACA) substantially increased rates of insurance coverage within the first year of implementation, including among women of reproductive age. The ACA also requires that private insurance plans cover contraceptives without any out-of-pocket costs. These provisions may have led more women to start using prescription contraception. We conducted two cross-sectional studies, collecting data from 8,062 women aged 18 to 39 in the fall 2012 and spring 2015. We examined contraceptive use patterns during both time periods. We used logistic regression to determine whether differences between the two time periods were significant, adjusting for the demographic characteristics of respondents. We observed no changes in contraceptive use patterns among sexually active women. However, use of the pill nearly doubled, from 21% to 40%, among young women aged 18 to 24 who had not had sex in the last month. Many of these women cited benefits of the pill in addition to pregnancy prevention. It may be that the ACA has yet to affect contraceptive use patterns, and it is possible that it will do so in the future, but the evidence thus far suggests the importance of further research into contraceptive access and sources of care.
28284588	4	30	Contraceptive Use Patterns	T033	C1820880
28284588	48	67	Affordable Care Act	T089	C2936611
28284588	71	91	Descriptive Analysis	T170	C0678257
28284588	96	115	Affordable Care Act	T089	C2936611
28284588	117	120	ACA	T089	C2936611
28284588	155	173	insurance coverage	T078	C0376629
28284588	199	213	implementation	T052	C1708476
28284588	231	236	women	T098	C0043210
28284588	240	252	reproductive	T040	C0035150
28284588	253	256	age	T032	C0001779
28284588	262	265	ACA	T089	C2936611
28284588	285	308	private insurance plans	T170	C0679933
28284588	315	329	contraceptives	T121	C0009871
28284588	342	361	out-of-pocket costs	T081	C3815933
28284588	398	403	women	T098	C0043210
28284588	419	445	prescription contraception	T061	C1411103
28284588	464	487	cross-sectional studies	T062	C0010362
28284588	500	504	data	T078	C1511726
28284588	516	521	women	T098	C0043210
28284588	522	526	aged	T032	C0001779
28284588	543	547	fall	T079	C0238715
28284588	557	563	spring	T079	C0241232
28284588	582	608	contraceptive use patterns	T033	C1820880
28284588	621	633	time periods	T079	C1948053
28284588	643	662	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28284588	712	724	time periods	T079	C1948053
28284588	730	741	significant	T078	C0750502
28284588	761	788	demographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28284588	792	803	respondents	T098	C0282122
28284588	817	827	no changes	T033	C3842396
28284588	831	857	contraceptive use patterns	T033	C1820880
28284588	864	879	sexually active	T033	C0241028
28284588	880	885	women	T098	C0043210
28284588	907	911	pill	T121	C0009905
28284588	957	962	women	T098	C0043210
28284588	963	967	aged	T032	C0001779
28284588	1030	1035	women	T098	C0043210
28284588	1058	1062	pill	T121	C0009905
28284588	1078	1098	pregnancy prevention	T058	C1998750
28284588	1119	1122	ACA	T089	C2936611
28284588	1141	1167	contraceptive use patterns	T033	C1820880
28284588	1283	1291	research	T062	C0035168
28284588	1297	1310	contraceptive	T121	C0009871
28284588	1311	1317	access	T080	C0814423
28284588	1333	1337	care	T052	C1947933

28284669|t|Subchondral bone microarchitecture and failure mechanism under compression: A finite element study
28284669|a|Subchondral bone (SCB) microdamage is commonly observed in traumatic joint injuries and has been strongly associated with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Knowledge of the three-dimensional stress and strain distribution within the SCB tissue helps to understand the mechanism of SCB failure, and may lead to an improved understanding of mechanisms of PTOA initiation, prevention and treatment. In this study, we used high-resolution micro-computed tomography (µCT)-based finite element (FE) modelling of cartilage-bone to evaluate the failure mechanism and the locations of SCB tissue at high-risk of initial failure under compression. The µCT images of five cartilage-bone specimens with an average SCB thickness of 1.23±0.20mm were used to develop five µCT-based FE models. The FE models were analysed under axial compressions of approximately 30MPa applied to the cartilage surface while the bone edges were constrained. Strain and stress-based failure criteria were then applied to evaluate the failure mechanism of the SCB tissue under excessive compression through articular cartilage. µCT-based FE models predicted two locations in the SCB at high-risk of initial failure: (1) the interface of the calcified - uncalcified cartilage due to excessive tension, and (2) the trabecular bone beneath the subchondral plate due to excessive compression. µCT-based FE models of cartilage-bone enabled us to quantify the distribution of the applied compression which was transferred through the articular cartilage to its underlying SCB, and to investigate the mechanism and the mode of SCB tissue failure. Ultimately, the results will help to understand the mechanism of injury formation in relation to PTOA.
28284669	0	16	Subchondral bone	T023	C0262950
28284669	17	34	microarchitecture	T080	C0205556
28284669	39	46	failure	T169	C0231174
28284669	47	56	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28284669	63	74	compression	T070	C0728907
28284669	78	98	finite element study	T062	C2603343
28284669	99	115	Subchondral bone	T023	C0262950
28284669	117	120	SCB	T023	C0262950
28284669	122	133	microdamage	T169	C1883709
28284669	146	154	observed	T169	C1441672
28284669	158	182	traumatic joint injuries	T037	C0409497
28284669	205	220	associated with	T080	C0332281
28284669	221	250	post-traumatic osteoarthritis	T046	C2894027
28284669	252	256	PTOA	T046	C2894027
28284669	276	293	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28284669	294	300	stress	T033	C0038435
28284669	305	311	strain	T033	C0243095
28284669	312	324	distribution	T169	C1704711
28284669	336	346	SCB tissue	T024	C0391978
28284669	371	380	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28284669	384	387	SCB	T023	C0262950
28284669	388	395	failure	T169	C0231174
28284669	416	424	improved	T033	C0184511
28284669	442	452	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28284669	456	460	PTOA	T046	C2894027
28284669	461	471	initiation	T169	C1704686
28284669	473	483	prevention	T080	C2700409
28284669	488	497	treatment	T169	C1522326
28284669	507	512	study	T062	C2603343
28284669	522	563	high-resolution micro-computed tomography	T060	C2350281
28284669	565	568	µCT	T060	C2350281
28284669	576	605	finite element (FE) modelling	T170	C0600552
28284669	609	623	cartilage-bone	T024	C0545661
28284669	640	647	failure	T169	C0231174
28284669	648	657	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28284669	666	675	locations	T029	C1515974
28284669	679	689	SCB tissue	T024	C0391978
28284669	693	705	high-risk of	T033	C0332167
28284669	714	721	failure	T169	C0231174
28284669	728	739	compression	T070	C0728907
28284669	745	755	µCT images	T170	C1704254
28284669	764	778	cartilage-bone	T024	C0545661
28284669	779	788	specimens	T167	C0370003
28284669	805	808	SCB	T023	C0262950
28284669	809	818	thickness	T080	C1280412
28284669	860	869	µCT-based	T060	C2350281
28284669	870	879	FE models	T170	C3161035
28284669	885	894	FE models	T170	C3161035
28284669	900	908	analysed	T062	C0936012
28284669	915	920	axial	T082	C0205131
28284669	921	933	compressions	T070	C0728907
28284669	937	950	approximately	T080	C0332232
28284669	957	964	applied	T169	C4048755
28284669	972	989	cartilage surface	T029	C1185688
28284669	1000	1004	bone	T023	C0262950
28284669	1005	1010	edges	T082	C0205154
28284669	1016	1027	constrained	T077	C1707494
28284669	1029	1035	Strain	T033	C0243095
28284669	1040	1052	stress-based	T033	C0038435
28284669	1053	1060	failure	T169	C0231174
28284669	1080	1087	applied	T169	C4048755
28284669	1104	1111	failure	T169	C0231174
28284669	1112	1121	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28284669	1129	1139	SCB tissue	T024	C0391978
28284669	1146	1155	excessive	T080	C0442802
28284669	1156	1167	compression	T070	C0728907
28284669	1176	1195	articular cartilage	T024	C0007303
28284669	1197	1206	µCT-based	T060	C2350281
28284669	1207	1216	FE models	T170	C3161035
28284669	1231	1240	locations	T029	C1515974
28284669	1248	1251	SCB	T023	C0262950
28284669	1255	1267	high-risk of	T033	C0332167
28284669	1276	1283	failure	T169	C0231174
28284669	1310	1319	calcified	T080	C0175895
28284669	1322	1333	uncalcified	T169	C0332209
28284669	1334	1343	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28284669	1351	1360	excessive	T080	C0442802
28284669	1361	1368	tension	T070	C0038887
28284669	1382	1397	trabecular bone	T024	C0222660
28284669	1410	1427	subchondral plate	T023	C0229962
28284669	1435	1444	excessive	T080	C0442802
28284669	1445	1456	compression	T070	C0728907
28284669	1458	1467	µCT-based	T060	C2350281
28284669	1468	1477	FE models	T170	C3161035
28284669	1481	1495	cartilage-bone	T024	C0545661
28284669	1510	1518	quantify	T081	C1709793
28284669	1523	1535	distribution	T169	C1704711
28284669	1543	1550	applied	T169	C4048755
28284669	1551	1562	compression	T070	C0728907
28284669	1573	1584	transferred	T169	C0205245
28284669	1597	1616	articular cartilage	T024	C0007303
28284669	1635	1638	SCB	T023	C0262950
28284669	1647	1658	investigate	T169	C1292732
28284669	1663	1672	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28284669	1681	1685	mode	T169	C1513371
28284669	1689	1699	SCB tissue	T024	C0391978
28284669	1700	1707	failure	T169	C0231174
28284669	1725	1732	results	T169	C1274040
28284669	1761	1770	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28284669	1774	1780	injury	T037	C0178314
28284669	1781	1790	formation	T169	C1522492
28284669	1794	1802	relation	T080	C0439849
28284669	1806	1810	PTOA	T046	C2894027

28284685|t|Identifying priorities to improve paediatric in-hospital antimicrobial use by cross-sectional evaluation of prevalence and appropriateness of prescription
28284685|a|Information about paediatric in-hospital antimicrobial usage and prescribing patterns to guide improvement strategies is scant. We aim to use an evaluation of the prevalence and appropriateness of antimicrobial prescription to identify antimicrobial stewardship priorities in children. A cross-sectional point study was performed on hospitalised paediatric patients in a Spanish tertiary hospital, assessing the prevalence of antimicrobial prescription (PAP) and appropriateness of antimicrobial prescription (AAP). AAP was defined as a correct indication plus an appropriate prescribing pattern (dose, spectrum and interval). Evaluation was performed using established antimicrobial guidelines. Other factors that may have a bearing on antimicrobial prescription were also analysed. A total of 171 patients were included. PAP was 49.7% (85/171) and AAP was 60.9% (91/161). The most common indications for antimicrobial use were antimicrobial prophylaxis (28.3%, 32/113) and pneumonia (8.2%, 8/113). Overall, 161 antimicrobials were prescribed (1.9 antimicrobials per patient): 55.3% (89/161) were empiric, 16.1% (26/161) were targeted and 28.6% (46/161) were prophylactic. Amoxicillin/clavulanate (8.2%, 14/171) and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (8.2%, 14/171) were the most prescribed antimicrobials. The prescription of antifungals (11.7%, 20/171) and antivirals (1.8%, 3/171) was analysed. Major causes of inappropriate antibiotic use were prolonged prescriptions (21.7%, 35/161) and use of agents with an excessively broad coverage spectrum (21.1%, 34/161). PAP and AAP varied between wards and antimicrobials. Measurement of PAP and AAP offers valuable information for detecting priorities in hospital settings and monitoring antimicrobial usage prior to the development of antimicrobial stewardship programmes. In our setting, the main areas for improvement are duration of therapy and proper use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials.
28284685	12	22	priorities	T080	C0018736
28284685	34	44	paediatric	T100	C0008059
28284685	45	56	in-hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28284685	57	70	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28284685	71	74	use	T169	C0457083
28284685	78	104	cross-sectional evaluation	T062	C0010362
28284685	108	118	prevalence	T081	C0033106
28284685	123	138	appropriateness	T080	C0814634
28284685	142	154	prescription	T058	C0033080
28284685	173	183	paediatric	T100	C0008059
28284685	184	195	in-hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28284685	196	209	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28284685	210	215	usage	T169	C0457083
28284685	220	240	prescribing patterns	T057	C2713413
28284685	250	261	improvement	T077	C2986411
28284685	262	272	strategies	T041	C0679199
28284685	300	310	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28284685	318	328	prevalence	T081	C0033106
28284685	333	348	appropriateness	T080	C0814634
28284685	352	365	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28284685	366	378	prescription	T058	C0033080
28284685	391	404	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28284685	405	416	stewardship	T170	C1554086
28284685	417	427	priorities	T080	C0018736
28284685	431	439	children	T100	C0008059
28284685	443	470	cross-sectional point study	T062	C0010362
28284685	488	520	hospitalised paediatric patients	T101	C0870668
28284685	526	533	Spanish	T083	C0037747
28284685	534	551	tertiary hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28284685	567	607	prevalence of antimicrobial prescription	T081	C0033106
28284685	609	612	PAP	T081	C0033106
28284685	618	663	appropriateness of antimicrobial prescription	T080	C0814634
28284685	665	668	AAP	T080	C0814634
28284685	671	674	AAP	T080	C0814634
28284685	700	710	indication	T078	C3146298
28284685	731	750	prescribing pattern	T057	C2713413
28284685	752	756	dose	T081	C0178602
28284685	758	766	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28284685	771	779	interval	T079	C1272706
28284685	782	792	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28284685	825	838	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28284685	839	849	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28284685	892	905	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28284685	906	918	prescription	T058	C0033080
28284685	929	937	analysed	T062	C0936012
28284685	954	962	patients	T101	C0030705
28284685	978	981	PAP	T081	C0033106
28284685	1005	1008	AAP	T080	C0814634
28284685	1045	1056	indications	T078	C3146298
28284685	1061	1074	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28284685	1075	1078	use	T169	C0457083
28284685	1084	1097	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28284685	1098	1109	prophylaxis	T061	C3853787
28284685	1130	1139	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28284685	1168	1182	antimicrobials	T121	C1136254
28284685	1188	1198	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28284685	1204	1218	antimicrobials	T121	C1136254
28284685	1223	1230	patient	T101	C0030705
28284685	1253	1260	empiric	T080	C1880496
28284685	1315	1327	prophylactic	T169	C0445202
28284685	1329	1352	Amoxicillin/clavulanate	T121	C0054066
28284685	1372	1401	sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim	T121	C0041044
28284685	1442	1456	antimicrobials	T121	C1136254
28284685	1462	1474	prescription	T058	C0033080
28284685	1478	1489	antifungals	T121	C0003308
28284685	1510	1520	antivirals	T121	C0003451
28284685	1539	1547	analysed	T062	C0936012
28284685	1579	1589	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28284685	1590	1593	use	T169	C0457083
28284685	1599	1608	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28284685	1609	1622	prescriptions	T058	C0033080
28284685	1643	1646	use	T169	C0457083
28284685	1650	1656	agents	T121	C1254351
28284685	1692	1700	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28284685	1718	1721	PAP	T081	C0033106
28284685	1726	1729	AAP	T080	C0814634
28284685	1745	1750	wards	T073,T093	C1305702
28284685	1755	1769	antimicrobials	T121	C1136254
28284685	1771	1782	Measurement	T169	C0242485
28284685	1786	1789	PAP	T081	C0033106
28284685	1794	1797	AAP	T080	C0814634
28284685	1840	1850	priorities	T080	C0018736
28284685	1854	1871	hospital settings	T073,T093	C0019994
28284685	1876	1886	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28284685	1887	1900	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28284685	1901	1906	usage	T169	C0457083
28284685	1920	1931	development	T169	C1527148
28284685	1935	1948	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28284685	1949	1960	stewardship	T170	C1554086
28284685	1961	1971	programmes	T169	C3484370
28284685	2008	2019	improvement	T077	C2986411
28284685	2024	2032	duration	T079	C0449238
28284685	2036	2043	therapy	T061	C0087111
28284685	2055	2058	use	T169	C0457083
28284685	2062	2091	broad-spectrum antimicrobials	T121	C1136254

28284864|t|Development of a novel near-infrared fluorescent theranostic combretastain A-4 analogue, YK-5-252, to target triple negative breast cancer
28284864|a|The treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a significant challenge to cancer research. The lack of hormone receptors limits the treatment options available to patients with this diagnosis, forcing them to endure prolonged radiation and chemotherapy. Anti-angiogenesis is a chemotherapeutic strategy that targets the vasculature of tumors. Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) is a well-known vasculature - disrupting agent, which has been shown to effectively kill a variety of cancers through inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Due to its toxicity, small molecule analogues of CA-4 have been sought out. We have designed a novel dual action CA-4 prodrug, YK-5-252, which releases the drug through a disulfide bond cleavage mechanism and contains a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore, which allows fluorescence monitoring of cleavage. This disulfide linkage causes CA-4 to become effective only when released by glutathione (GSH) reducing the toxicity of the drug while simultaneously releasing the NIR fluorophore. Therefore the prodrug, YK-5-252, represents a novel CA-4 analogue which has reduced toxicity and can be used for theranostics imaging.
28284864	17	22	novel	T080	C0205314
28284864	23	36	near-infrared	T070	C1289901
28284864	37	48	fluorescent	T070	C0016315
28284864	49	60	theranostic	T091	C4046052
28284864	61	78	combretastain A-4	T109,T121	C0056154
28284864	79	87	analogue	T104	C0002776
28284864	89	97	YK-5-252	T121	C1254351
28284864	109	138	triple negative breast cancer	T191	C3539878
28284864	143	152	treatment	T061	C0087111
28284864	156	185	triple negative breast cancer	T191	C3539878
28284864	187	191	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28284864	223	238	cancer research	T062	C1516225
28284864	252	269	hormone receptors	T116,T192	C0019929
28284864	281	290	treatment	T061	C0087111
28284864	312	320	patients	T101	C0030705
28284864	331	340	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28284864	375	384	radiation	T061	C1522449
28284864	389	401	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28284864	403	420	Anti-angiogenesis	T061	C0281318
28284864	469	480	vasculature	T017	C3714653
28284864	484	490	tumors	T191	C0027651
28284864	492	510	Combretastatin A-4	T109,T121	C0056154
28284864	512	516	CA-4	T109,T121	C0056154
28284864	534	545	vasculature	T017	C3714653
28284864	620	627	cancers	T191	C0006826
28284864	636	646	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28284864	650	657	tubulin	T116,T123	C0041348
28284864	658	672	polymerization	T067	C0314672
28284864	685	693	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28284864	710	719	analogues	T104	C0002776
28284864	723	727	CA-4	T109,T121	C0056154
28284864	769	774	novel	T080	C0205314
28284864	787	791	CA-4	T109,T121	C0056154
28284864	792	799	prodrug	T120	C0033262
28284864	801	809	YK-5-252	T121	C1254351
28284864	830	834	drug	T121	C1254351
28284864	845	859	disulfide bond	T044	C0813982
28284864	860	868	cleavage	T067	C0596311
28284864	869	878	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28284864	894	907	near-infrared	T070	C1289901
28284864	909	912	NIR	T070	C1289901
28284864	914	925	fluorophore	T121,T130	C0598447
28284864	940	952	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28284864	967	975	cleavage	T067	C0596311
28284864	982	999	disulfide linkage	T044	C0813982
28284864	1007	1011	CA-4	T109,T121	C0056154
28284864	1054	1065	glutathione	T116,T123	C0017817
28284864	1067	1070	GSH	T116,T123	C0017817
28284864	1085	1093	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28284864	1101	1105	drug	T121	C1254351
28284864	1141	1144	NIR	T070	C1289901
28284864	1145	1156	fluorophore	T121,T130	C0598447
28284864	1172	1179	prodrug	T120	C0033262
28284864	1181	1189	YK-5-252	T121	C1254351
28284864	1204	1209	novel	T080	C0205314
28284864	1210	1214	CA-4	T109,T121	C0056154
28284864	1215	1223	analogue	T104	C0002776
28284864	1242	1250	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28284864	1271	1283	theranostics	T091	C4046052
28284864	1284	1291	imaging	T060	C0079595

28284875|t|Bioengineered 3D Models for Studying Human Cell - Tuberculosis Interactions
28284875|a|In vivo animal models have intrinsic limitations for studying relationships between tuberculosis and its host and there is a need for alternative, in vitro cellular models. A microsphere -based 3D in vitro culture system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis -infected human blood mononuclear cells was reported to address specific aspects of host - pathogen interactions.
28284875	0	13	Bioengineered	T090	C2717958
28284875	14	16	3D	T082	C0450363
28284875	17	23	Models	T075	C0026339
28284875	28	36	Studying	T062	C2603343
28284875	37	42	Human	T016	C0086418
28284875	43	47	Cell	T025	C0007634
28284875	50	62	Tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28284875	63	75	Interactions	T169	C1704675
28284875	76	83	In vivo	T082	C1515655
28284875	84	97	animal models	T008	C0599779
28284875	129	137	studying	T062	C2603343
28284875	138	151	relationships	T080	C0439849
28284875	160	172	tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28284875	181	185	host	T001	C1167395
28284875	223	231	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28284875	232	247	cellular models	T075	C0026339
28284875	251	262	microsphere	T074	C0026032
28284875	270	272	3D	T082	C0450363
28284875	273	281	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28284875	282	296	culture system	T063	C1516329
28284875	300	326	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28284875	337	342	human	T016	C0086418
28284875	343	348	blood	T031	C0005767
28284875	349	366	mononuclear cells	T025	C0806987
28284875	411	415	host	T001	C1167395
28284875	418	426	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28284875	427	439	interactions	T169	C1704675

28284884|t|Risk of advanced lesions at the first follow-up colonoscopy after polypectomy of diminutive versus small adenomatous polyps of low-grade dysplasia
28284884|a|The current guidelines for surveillance after polypectomy do not distinguish between diminutive (1-5 mm) and small (6-9 mm) polyps with low-grade dysplasia (LGD). We aimed to evaluate the risk for advanced neoplasia on follow-up colonoscopy. We retrospectively analyzed 443 patients whose worst finding at index colonoscopy was polypectomy of 1 to 5 or 6 to 9 mm polyps with LGD and those who underwent a follow-up colonoscopy. During a mean follow-up of 32.0 months (interquartile range 13-48 months), advanced neoplasia was found in 26 patients (5.9%). Among all included patients (n = 443), advanced neoplasia was found in 13 of 310 patients (4.2%) of the 1- to 5-mm group versus 13 of 133 patients (9.8%) of the 6- to 9-mm group (hazard ratio [HR], 3.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-7.6). Among the patients with 1 to 2 polyps resected (n = 313), advanced neoplasia was found in 8 of 231 patients (3.5%) of the 1- to 5-mm group versus 8 of 82 patients (9.8%) of the 6- to 9-mm group (HR 3.97; 95% CI, 1.47-10.7). Among the patients with ≥3 polyps resected (n = 130), advanced neoplasia was found in 5 of 79 patients (6.3%) of the 1- to 5-mm group versus 5 of 51 patients (9.8%) of the 6- to 9-mm group (HR 2.4; 95% CI, 0.7-8.36). Fair bowel preparation also was associated with the risk for advanced neoplasia at follow-up (HR 3.87, 95% CI, 1.70-8.82). Our findings suggest that among patients with up to 9-mm adenomatous polyps, a polyp size of 6 to 9 mm, >2 polyps, and fair bowel preparation are associated with advanced neoplasia.
28284884	0	4	Risk	T078	C0035647
28284884	8	16	advanced	T080	C0205179
28284884	17	24	lesions	T033	C0221198
28284884	32	37	first	T081	C0205435
28284884	38	47	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28284884	48	59	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28284884	60	65	after	T079	C0687676
28284884	66	77	polypectomy	T061	C0521210
28284884	81	91	diminutive	T081	C1282918
28284884	99	104	small	T081	C0700321
28284884	105	123	adenomatous polyps	T191	C0206677
28284884	127	136	low-grade	T080	C1282907
28284884	137	146	dysplasia	T046	C0334044
28284884	151	158	current	T079	C0521116
28284884	159	169	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28284884	174	186	surveillance	T058	C0733511
28284884	187	192	after	T079	C0687676
28284884	193	204	polypectomy	T061	C0521210
28284884	232	242	diminutive	T081	C1282918
28284884	256	261	small	T081	C0700321
28284884	271	277	polyps	T190	C0032584
28284884	283	292	low-grade	T080	C1282907
28284884	293	302	dysplasia	T046	C0334044
28284884	304	307	LGD	T046	C0334044
28284884	322	330	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28284884	335	339	risk	T078	C0035647
28284884	344	352	advanced	T080	C0205179
28284884	353	362	neoplasia	T191	C0027651
28284884	366	375	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28284884	376	387	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28284884	392	416	retrospectively analyzed	T062	C0035363
28284884	421	429	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	436	441	worst	T080	C1522166
28284884	453	470	index colonoscopy	T058	C3274817
28284884	475	486	polypectomy	T061	C0521210
28284884	510	516	polyps	T190	C0032584
28284884	522	525	LGD	T046	C0334044
28284884	552	561	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28284884	562	573	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28284884	584	588	mean	T081	C0444504
28284884	589	598	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28284884	607	613	months	T079	C0439231
28284884	615	634	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28284884	641	647	months	T079	C0439231
28284884	650	658	advanced	T080	C0205179
28284884	659	668	neoplasia	T191	C0027651
28284884	673	678	found	T033	C0150312
28284884	685	693	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	721	729	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	741	749	advanced	T080	C0205179
28284884	750	759	neoplasia	T191	C0027651
28284884	764	769	found	T033	C0150312
28284884	783	791	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	817	822	group	T078	C0441833
28284884	840	848	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	874	879	group	T078	C0441833
28284884	881	893	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28284884	895	897	HR	T081	C2985465
28284884	910	929	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28284884	931	933	CI	T081	C0009667
28284884	956	964	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	977	983	polyps	T190	C0032584
28284884	984	992	resected	T061	C0015252
28284884	1004	1012	advanced	T080	C0205179
28284884	1013	1022	neoplasia	T191	C0027651
28284884	1027	1032	found	T033	C0150312
28284884	1045	1053	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	1079	1084	group	T078	C0441833
28284884	1100	1108	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	1134	1139	group	T078	C0441833
28284884	1141	1143	HR	T081	C2985465
28284884	1154	1156	CI	T081	C0009667
28284884	1180	1188	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	1197	1203	polyps	T190	C0032584
28284884	1204	1212	resected	T061	C0015252
28284884	1224	1232	advanced	T080	C0205179
28284884	1233	1242	neoplasia	T191	C0027651
28284884	1247	1252	found	T033	C0150312
28284884	1264	1272	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	1298	1303	group	T078	C0441833
28284884	1319	1327	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	1353	1358	group	T078	C0441833
28284884	1360	1362	HR	T081	C2985465
28284884	1372	1374	CI	T081	C0009667
28284884	1387	1391	Fair	T080	C1548785
28284884	1392	1397	bowel	T023	C0021853
28284884	1398	1409	preparation	T052	C1521827
28284884	1419	1434	associated with	T080	C0332281
28284884	1439	1443	risk	T078	C0035647
28284884	1448	1456	advanced	T080	C0205179
28284884	1457	1466	neoplasia	T191	C0027651
28284884	1470	1479	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28284884	1481	1483	HR	T081	C2985465
28284884	1494	1496	CI	T081	C0009667
28284884	1514	1522	findings	T033	C0243095
28284884	1542	1550	patients	T101	C0030705
28284884	1567	1585	adenomatous polyps	T191	C0206677
28284884	1589	1599	polyp size	T201	C1299212
28284884	1617	1623	polyps	T190	C0032584
28284884	1629	1633	fair	T080	C1548785
28284884	1634	1639	bowel	T023	C0021853
28284884	1640	1651	preparation	T052	C1521827
28284884	1656	1671	associated with	T080	C0332281
28284884	1672	1680	advanced	T080	C0205179
28284884	1681	1690	neoplasia	T191	C0027651

28285309|t|Elevated Serum Uric Acid Level Predicts Rapid Decline in Kidney Function
28285309|a|While elevated serum uric acid level (SUA) is a recognized risk factor for chronic kidney disease, it remains unclear whether change in SUA is independently associated with change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over time. Accordingly, we examined the longitudinal associations between change in SUA and change in eGFR over 5 years in a general Japanese population. This was a large, single-center, retrospective 5- year cohort study at St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, between 2004 and 2009. We included 13,070 subjects (30-85 years) in our analyses whose data were available between 2004 and 2009. Of those, we excluded 492 subjects with eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline. In addition to examining the entire cohort (n = 12,578), we stratified our analyses by baseline eGFR groups: 60-90, 90-120, and ≥120 mL/min/1.73 m2. Linear and logistic regressions models were applied to examine the relationships between baseline and change in SUA, change in eGFR, and rapid eGFR decline (defined as the highest quartile of change in eGFR), adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, abdominal circumference, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. After multivariable adjustments including baseline eGFR, 1 mg/dL increase in baseline SUA was associated with greater odds of developing rapid eGFR decline (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.17-1.38), and 1 mg/dL increase in SUA over 5 years was associated with 3.77-fold greater odds of rapid eGFR decline (OR 3.77, 95% CI 3.35-4.26). Elevated baseline SUA and increasing SUA over time were independent risk factors for rapid eGFR decline over 5 years.
28285309	0	30	Elevated Serum Uric Acid Level	T033	C3280219
28285309	40	45	Rapid	T080	C0456962
28285309	46	53	Decline	T081	C0547047
28285309	57	72	Kidney Function	T042	C0232804
28285309	79	109	elevated serum uric acid level	T033	C3280219
28285309	111	114	SUA	T109,T123	C0041980
28285309	132	143	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28285309	148	170	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
28285309	199	205	change	T169	C0392747
28285309	209	212	SUA	T109,T123	C0041980
28285309	230	245	associated with	T080	C0332281
28285309	246	252	change	T169	C0392747
28285309	256	292	estimated glomerular filtration rate	T059	C3811844
28285309	294	298	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	340	352	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
28285309	353	365	associations	T080	C0439849
28285309	374	380	change	T169	C0392747
28285309	384	387	SUA	T109,T123	C0041980
28285309	392	398	change	T169	C0392747
28285309	402	406	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	414	419	years	T079	C0439234
28285309	433	452	Japanese population	T098	C1556094
28285309	465	470	large	T081	C0549177
28285309	472	485	single-center	T073,T093	C0475309
28285309	487	500	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28285309	504	508	year	T079	C0439234
28285309	509	521	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28285309	525	558	St. Luke's International Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28285309	560	565	Tokyo	T083	C0040371
28285309	567	572	Japan	T083	C0022341
28285309	616	624	subjects	T098	C0080105
28285309	632	637	years	T079	C0439234
28285309	646	654	analyses	T062	C0936012
28285309	661	665	data	T078	C1511726
28285309	717	725	excluded	T052	C2828389
28285309	730	738	subjects	T098	C0080105
28285309	744	748	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	771	779	baseline	T081	C1442488
28285309	817	823	cohort	T098	C0599755
28285309	856	864	analyses	T062	C0936012
28285309	868	876	baseline	T081	C1442488
28285309	877	881	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	882	888	groups	T078	C0441833
28285309	930	936	Linear	T081	C0023733
28285309	941	968	logistic regressions models	UnknownType	C0681925
28285309	997	1010	relationships	T080	C0439849
28285309	1019	1027	baseline	T081	C1442488
28285309	1032	1038	change	T169	C0392747
28285309	1042	1045	SUA	T109,T123	C0041980
28285309	1047	1053	change	T169	C0392747
28285309	1057	1061	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	1067	1072	rapid	T080	C0456962
28285309	1073	1077	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	1078	1085	decline	T081	C0547047
28285309	1110	1118	quartile	T080	C2828255
28285309	1122	1128	change	T169	C0392747
28285309	1132	1136	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	1152	1155	age	T032	C0001779
28285309	1157	1163	gender	T032	C0079399
28285309	1165	1180	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28285309	1182	1205	abdominal circumference	T201	C1300813
28285309	1207	1219	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28285309	1221	1233	dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
28285309	1239	1256	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28285309	1264	1289	multivariable adjustments	T169	C0456081
28285309	1300	1308	baseline	T081	C1442488
28285309	1309	1313	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	1323	1331	increase	T169	C0442805
28285309	1335	1343	baseline	T081	C1442488
28285309	1344	1347	SUA	T109,T123	C0041980
28285309	1352	1367	associated with	T080	C0332281
28285309	1376	1380	odds	T081	C0028873
28285309	1395	1400	rapid	T080	C0456962
28285309	1401	1405	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	1406	1413	decline	T081	C0547047
28285309	1415	1417	OR	T081	C0028873
28285309	1428	1430	CI	T081	C0009667
28285309	1455	1463	increase	T169	C0442805
28285309	1467	1470	SUA	T109,T123	C0041980
28285309	1478	1483	years	T079	C0439234
28285309	1488	1503	associated with	T080	C0332281
28285309	1522	1526	odds	T081	C0028873
28285309	1530	1535	rapid	T080	C0456962
28285309	1536	1540	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	1541	1548	decline	T081	C0547047
28285309	1550	1552	OR	T081	C0028873
28285309	1563	1565	CI	T081	C0009667
28285309	1578	1586	Elevated	T080	C3163633
28285309	1587	1595	baseline	T081	C1442488
28285309	1596	1599	SUA	T109,T123	C0041980
28285309	1604	1614	increasing	T169	C0442808
28285309	1615	1618	SUA	T109,T123	C0041980
28285309	1624	1628	time	T079	C0040223
28285309	1646	1658	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28285309	1663	1668	rapid	T080	C0456962
28285309	1669	1673	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28285309	1674	1681	decline	T081	C0547047
28285309	1689	1694	years	T079	C0439234

28285346|t|Complex Changes in the Innate and Adaptive Immunity Accompany Progressive Degeneration of the Nigrostriatal Pathway Induced by Intrastriatal Injection of 6-Hydroxydopamine in the Rat
28285346|a|We investigated changes in innate and adaptive immunity paralleling the progressive nigrostriatal damage occurring in a neurotoxic model of Parkinson's disease (PD) based on unilateral infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the rat striatum. A time-course analysis was conducted to assess changes in morphology (activation) and cell density of microglia and astrocytes, microglia polarization (M1 vs. M2 phenotype), lymphocyte infiltration in the lesioned substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and modifications of CD8+ and subsets of CD4+ T cell in peripheral blood accompanying nigrostriatal degeneration. Confirming previous results, we observed slightly different profiles of activation for astrocytes and microglia paralleling nigral neuronal loss. For astrocytes, morphological changes and cell density increases were mostly evident at the latest time points (14 and 28 days post-surgery), while moderate microglia activation was present since the earliest time point. For the first time, in this model, we described the time-dependent profile of microglia polarization. Activated microglia clearly expressed the M2 phenotype in the earlier phase of the experiment, before cell death became manifest, gradually shifting to the M1 phenotype as SNc cell death started. In parallel, a reduction in the percentage of circulating CD4+ T regulatory (Treg) cells, starting as early as day 3 post- 6-OHDA injection, was detected in 6-OHDA -injected rats. Our data show that nigrostriatal degeneration is associated with complex changes in central and peripheral immunity. Microglia activation and polarization, Treg cells, and the factors involved in their cross-talk should be further investigated as targets for the development of therapeutic strategies for disease modification in PD.
28285346	0	15	Complex Changes	T169	C0392747
28285346	23	29	Innate	T032	C0020969
28285346	34	51	Adaptive Immunity	T039	C0678209
28285346	62	73	Progressive	T169	C0205329
28285346	74	86	Degeneration	T033	C2750821
28285346	94	115	Nigrostriatal Pathway	UnknownType	C0815010
28285346	127	150	Intrastriatal Injection	T061	C1533685
28285346	154	171	6-Hydroxydopamine	T109,T121	C0085196
28285346	179	182	Rat	T015	C0034721
28285346	186	198	investigated	T169	C1292732
28285346	210	216	innate	T032	C0020969
28285346	221	238	adaptive immunity	T039	C0678209
28285346	255	266	progressive	T169	C0205329
28285346	267	287	nigrostriatal damage	T033	C2750821
28285346	303	319	neurotoxic model	T075	C0026336
28285346	323	342	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28285346	344	346	PD	T047	C0030567
28285346	368	376	infusion	T061	C0574032
28285346	380	397	6-hydroxydopamine	T109,T121	C0085196
28285346	399	405	6-OHDA	T109,T121	C0085196
28285346	416	419	rat	T015	C0034721
28285346	420	428	striatum	T023	C0162512
28285346	432	452	time-course analysis	T062	C0936012
28285346	477	484	changes	T169	C0392747
28285346	488	498	morphology	T080	C0332437
28285346	500	510	activation	T043	C1326120
28285346	516	528	cell density	T081	C0162339
28285346	532	541	microglia	T025	C0206116
28285346	546	556	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28285346	558	567	microglia	T025	C0206116
28285346	568	580	polarization	T201	C0946292
28285346	582	584	M1	T025	C0024432
28285346	589	601	M2 phenotype	T025	C4086555
28285346	604	614	lymphocyte	T025	C0024264
28285346	615	627	infiltration	T046	C0332448
28285346	635	643	lesioned	T033	C0221198
28285346	644	674	substantia nigra pars compacta	T024	C3498993
28285346	676	679	SNc	T024	C3498993
28285346	686	699	modifications	T033	C3840684
28285346	703	734	CD8+ and subsets of CD4+ T cell	T025	C1267843
28285346	738	754	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
28285346	768	794	nigrostriatal degeneration	T033	C2750821
28285346	868	878	activation	T043	C1326120
28285346	883	893	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28285346	898	907	microglia	T025	C0206116
28285346	920	940	nigral neuronal loss	T033	C1850496
28285346	946	956	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28285346	958	971	morphological	T080	C0332437
28285346	972	979	changes	T169	C0392747
28285346	984	996	cell density	T081	C0162339
28285346	1064	1068	days	T079	C0439228
28285346	1069	1081	post-surgery	T033	C0241311
28285346	1099	1108	microglia	T025	C0206116
28285346	1109	1119	activation	T043	C1326120
28285346	1191	1196	model	T075	C0026336
28285346	1241	1250	microglia	T025	C0206116
28285346	1251	1263	polarization	T201	C0946292
28285346	1265	1274	Activated	T043	C1326120
28285346	1275	1284	microglia	T025	C0206116
28285346	1307	1319	M2 phenotype	T025	C4086555
28285346	1335	1340	phase	T079	C0205390
28285346	1348	1358	experiment	T062	C0681814
28285346	1367	1377	cell death	T043	C0007587
28285346	1385	1393	manifest	T169	C0205319
28285346	1421	1433	M1 phenotype	T025	C0024432
28285346	1437	1440	SNc	T024	C3498993
28285346	1441	1451	cell death	T043	C0007587
28285346	1452	1459	started	T080	C1272689
28285346	1507	1518	circulating	T169	C0175630
28285346	1519	1536	CD4+ T regulatory	T025	C0039215
28285346	1538	1542	Treg	T025	C0039215
28285346	1544	1549	cells	T025	C0007634
28285346	1572	1575	day	T079	C0439228
28285346	1584	1590	6-OHDA	T109,T121	C0085196
28285346	1591	1600	injection	T061	C1533685
28285346	1618	1624	6-OHDA	T109,T121	C0085196
28285346	1635	1639	rats	T015	C0034721
28285346	1645	1649	data	T078	C1511726
28285346	1660	1686	nigrostriatal degeneration	T033	C2750821
28285346	1706	1721	complex changes	T169	C0392747
28285346	1725	1732	central	T039	C0020964
28285346	1737	1756	peripheral immunity	T039	C0020964
28285346	1758	1767	Microglia	T025	C0206116
28285346	1768	1778	activation	T043	C1326120
28285346	1783	1795	polarization	T201	C0946292
28285346	1797	1801	Treg	T025	C0039215
28285346	1802	1807	cells	T025	C0007634
28285346	1843	1853	cross-talk	T043	C2986468
28285346	1872	1884	investigated	T169	C1292732
28285346	1919	1930	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28285346	1931	1941	strategies	T041	C0679199
28285346	1946	1953	disease	T033	C3840684
28285346	1954	1966	modification	T047	C0012634
28285346	1970	1972	PD	T047	C0030567

28285800|t|Perspectives on cardiovascular effects of incretin -based drugs: From bedside to bench, return trip
28285800|a|Recently, cardiovascular outcome trials with glucose -lowering drugs used in type 2 diabetes mellitus, namely glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), liraglutide and semaglutide, showed a reduction in cardiovascular events, which had not been observed in trials with other incretin -based drugs, such as lixisenatide or with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i). Mechanisms underlying the observed cardiovascular differences between DPP4i and GLP1-RA, and across individual GLP1-RA are poorly understood. This review is aimed at collecting and summarizing available evidence from experimental and mechanistic studies on the action of GLP1-RA and DPP4i on the cardiovascular system, both deriving from clinical and pre-clinical sources. The results of cardiovascular outcome trials are interpreted on the basis of the experimental preclinical data available, paying particular attention to the heart failure results, and suggesting some novel intriguing hypotheses to explain some of the unexpected findings of cardioprotection of incretin -based drugs. In particular, we discuss the possible contribution to the incretin cardiovascular effects of a direct cardiac action of GLP-1 metabolites through GLP-1 receptor -independent pathways, and of DPP4 substrates other than GLP-1.
28285800	0	12	Perspectives	T078	C1254370
28285800	16	30	cardiovascular	T022	C0007226
28285800	31	41	effects of	T080	C1704420
28285800	42	50	incretin	T116,T121,T125	C1562292
28285800	58	63	drugs	T121	C1254351
28285800	110	124	cardiovascular	T022	C0007226
28285800	125	132	outcome	T169	C1274040
28285800	133	139	trials	T062	C0008976
28285800	145	152	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28285800	163	168	drugs	T121	C1254351
28285800	177	201	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28285800	210	242	glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor	T192	C0378073
28285800	243	251	agonists	T121	C0243192
28285800	253	260	GLP-1RA	T121	C0243192
28285800	263	274	liraglutide	T116,T121,T125	C1456408
28285800	279	290	semaglutide	T116,T123	C3885068
28285800	301	310	reduction	T081	C0547047
28285800	314	335	cardiovascular events	T033	C1320716
28285800	368	374	trials	T062	C0008976
28285800	386	394	incretin	T116,T121,T125	C1562292
28285800	402	407	drugs	T121	C1254351
28285800	417	429	lixisenatide	T116,T121	C2973895
28285800	438	471	dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors	T121	C1827106
28285800	473	478	DPP4i	T121	C1827106
28285800	481	491	Mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28285800	516	530	cardiovascular	T022	C0007226
28285800	531	542	differences	T080	C1705242
28285800	551	556	DPP4i	T121	C1827106
28285800	561	568	GLP1-RA	T121	C0243192
28285800	592	599	GLP1-RA	T121	C0243192
28285800	628	634	review	T170	C0282443
28285800	684	692	evidence	T078	C3887511
28285800	698	710	experimental	T062	C0681814
28285800	715	734	mechanistic studies	T062	C0681814
28285800	742	748	action	T052	C3266814
28285800	752	759	GLP1-RA	T121	C0243192
28285800	764	769	DPP4i	T121	C1827106
28285800	777	798	cardiovascular system	T022	C0007226
28285800	819	827	clinical	T081	C0011001
28285800	832	852	pre-clinical sources	T081	C0011001
28285800	858	865	results	T169	C1274040
28285800	869	883	cardiovascular	T022	C0007226
28285800	884	891	outcome	T169	C1274040
28285800	892	898	trials	T062	C0008976
28285800	935	947	experimental	T062	C0681814
28285800	948	964	preclinical data	T170	C1516606
28285800	1011	1024	heart failure	T047	C0018801
28285800	1025	1032	results	T169	C1274040
28285800	1071	1081	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
28285800	1116	1124	findings	T169	C2607943
28285800	1128	1144	cardioprotection	T169	C0205245
28285800	1148	1156	incretin	T116,T121,T125	C1562292
28285800	1164	1169	drugs	T121	C1254351
28285800	1230	1238	incretin	T116,T121,T125	C1562292
28285800	1239	1253	cardiovascular	T022	C0007226
28285800	1254	1264	effects of	T080	C1704420
28285800	1274	1281	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28285800	1282	1288	action	T052	C3266814
28285800	1292	1297	GLP-1	T116	C0061355
28285800	1298	1309	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28285800	1318	1332	GLP-1 receptor	T192	C0378073
28285800	1346	1354	pathways	T044	C1704259
28285800	1363	1367	DPP4	T116,T126,T129	C0081937
28285800	1368	1378	substrates	T167	C3891814
28285800	1390	1395	GLP-1	T116	C0061355

28286021|t|Role of breast magnetic resonance imaging in predicting residual lobular carcinoma in situ after initial excision
28286021|a|Breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a useful screening modality in detecting suspicious lesions in patients with a history of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of breast MR imaging in detecting remnant LCIS lesions after initial excision. Between 2011 and 2015, 29 patients with LCIS who underwent initial excision were enrolled. Breast ultrasonography and breast MR imaging was conducted after initial excision. Imaging findings were compared with pathologic results. There were nine (31.0%) cases with positive margins after initial excision; they were LCIS (n=8) and atypical lobular hyperplasia (n=1). Residual lesions were identified in 12 cases; they were invasive lobular carcinoma (n=1; 3.4%), LCIS (n=9; 31.0%), atypical lobular hyperplasia (n=1; 3.4%), and papillary carcinoma in situ (n=1; 3.4%). Prior to the second operation, these lesions could be detected in seven cases using ultrasonography (sensitivity, 53.3%; specificity, 100%) and in 10 cases using breast MR imaging (sensitivity, 83.3%; specificity, 100%). Breast MR imaging showed higher sensitivity than breast ultrasonography in detecting remnant LCIS lesions. If a suspicious lesion was found using breast MR imaging, a second operation should be considered because of the possibility of multifocality, even if LCIS was confirmed at the initial operation.
28286021	8	41	breast magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0344104
28286021	45	55	predicting	T078	C0681842
28286021	56	64	residual	T080	C1609982
28286021	65	90	lobular carcinoma in situ	T191	C0279563
28286021	97	104	initial	T079	C0205265
28286021	105	113	excision	T061	C0728940
28286021	114	152	Breast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging	T060	C0344104
28286021	165	174	screening	T060	C0199230
28286021	175	183	modality	T078	C0695347
28286021	187	196	detecting	T061	C1511790
28286021	197	207	suspicious	T033	C4050405
28286021	208	215	lesions	T033	C0221198
28286021	219	227	patients	T101	C0030705
28286021	235	242	history	T033	C0262926
28286021	246	271	lobular carcinoma in situ	T191	C0279563
28286021	273	277	LCIS	T191	C0279563
28286021	285	290	study	T062	C2603343
28286021	291	296	aimed	T078	C1947946
28286021	300	308	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28286021	313	326	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28286021	330	347	breast MR imaging	T060	C0344104
28286021	351	360	detecting	T061	C1511790
28286021	361	368	remnant	T018	C3272697
28286021	369	373	LCIS	T191	C0279563
28286021	374	381	lesions	T033	C0221198
28286021	382	387	after	T079	C0687676
28286021	388	395	initial	T079	C0205265
28286021	396	404	excision	T061	C0728940
28286021	432	440	patients	T101	C0030705
28286021	446	450	LCIS	T191	C0279563
28286021	455	464	underwent	T033	C2586066
28286021	465	472	initial	T079	C0205265
28286021	473	481	excision	T061	C0728940
28286021	497	519	Breast ultrasonography	T060	C0080264
28286021	524	541	breast MR imaging	T060	C0344104
28286021	556	561	after	T079	C0687676
28286021	562	569	initial	T079	C0205265
28286021	570	578	excision	T061	C0728940
28286021	580	596	Imaging findings	T034	C1287399
28286021	602	610	compared	T052	C1707455
28286021	616	626	pathologic	T046	C0030660
28286021	627	634	results	T169	C1274040
28286021	660	665	cases	T077	C1706256
28286021	671	687	positive margins	T033	C1709603
28286021	688	693	after	T079	C0687676
28286021	694	701	initial	T079	C0205265
28286021	702	710	excision	T061	C0728940
28286021	722	726	LCIS	T191	C0279563
28286021	737	765	atypical lobular hyperplasia	T046	C1368920
28286021	773	781	Residual	T080	C1609982
28286021	782	789	lesions	T033	C0221198
28286021	795	805	identified	T080	C0205396
28286021	812	817	cases	T077	C1706256
28286021	829	855	invasive lobular carcinoma	T191	C0279565
28286021	869	873	LCIS	T191	C0279563
28286021	888	916	atypical lobular hyperplasia	T046	C1368920
28286021	934	961	papillary carcinoma in situ	T191	C0334242
28286021	975	980	Prior	T079	C0332152
28286021	988	994	second	T081	C0205436
28286021	995	1004	operation	T061	C0543467
28286021	1012	1019	lesions	T033	C0221198
28286021	1047	1052	cases	T077	C1706256
28286021	1059	1074	ultrasonography	T060	C0080264
28286021	1076	1087	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28286021	1096	1107	specificity	T081	C1511884
28286021	1125	1130	cases	T077	C1706256
28286021	1137	1154	breast MR imaging	T060	C0344104
28286021	1156	1167	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28286021	1176	1187	specificity	T081	C1511884
28286021	1196	1213	Breast MR imaging	T060	C0344104
28286021	1221	1227	higher	T080	C0205250
28286021	1228	1239	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28286021	1245	1267	breast ultrasonography	T060	C0080264
28286021	1271	1280	detecting	T061	C1511790
28286021	1281	1288	remnant	T018	C3272697
28286021	1289	1293	LCIS	T191	C0279563
28286021	1294	1301	lesions	T033	C0221198
28286021	1308	1318	suspicious	T033	C4050405
28286021	1319	1325	lesion	T033	C0221198
28286021	1342	1359	breast MR imaging	T060	C0344104
28286021	1363	1369	second	T081	C0205436
28286021	1370	1379	operation	T061	C0543467
28286021	1390	1400	considered	T078	C0750591
28286021	1416	1427	possibility	T033	C0332149
28286021	1431	1444	multifocality	T033	C2986663
28286021	1454	1458	LCIS	T191	C0279563
28286021	1463	1472	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28286021	1480	1487	initial	T079	C0205265
28286021	1488	1497	operation	T061	C0543467

28286285|t|Minocycline reduces mechanical allodynia and depressive-like behaviour in type-1 diabetes mellitus in the rat
28286285|a|A common and devastating complication of diabetes mellitus is painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) that can be accompanied by emotional disorders such as depression. A few studies have suggested that minocycline that inhibits microglia may attenuate pain hypersensitivity in PDN. Moreover, a recent study reported that minocycline has an acute antidepressive-like effect in diabetic animals. Here we studied whether (i) prolonged minocycline treatment suppresses pain behaviour in PDN, (ii) the minocycline effect varies with submodality of pain, and (iii) the suppression of pain behaviour by prolonged minocycline treatment is associated with antidepressive-like effect. The experiments were performed in streptozotocin - induced rat model of type-1 diabetes. Pain behaviour was evoked by innocuous (monofilaments) and noxious (paw pressure) mechanical stimulation, innocuous cold (acetone drops) and noxious heat (radiant heat). Depression-like behaviour was assessed using forced swimming test. Minocycline treatment (daily 80 mg/kg per os) of three- week duration started four weeks after induction of diabetes. Diabetes induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, heat hypoalgesia, and depression-like behaviour. Minocycline treatment significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia and depression-like behaviour, while it failed to produce significant changes in mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia or heat hypoalgesia. The results indicate that prolonged per oral treatment with minocycline has a sustained mechanical antiallodynic and antidepressive-like effect in PDN. These results support the proposal that minocycline might provide a treatment option for attenuating sensory and comorbid emotional symptoms in chronic PDN.
28286285	0	11	Minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28286285	12	19	reduces	T080	C0392756
28286285	20	40	mechanical allodynia	T184	C2936719
28286285	45	70	depressive-like behaviour	T048	C0011570
28286285	74	98	type-1 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011854
28286285	106	109	rat	T015	C0034693
28286285	135	147	complication	T046	C0544688
28286285	151	168	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011854
28286285	172	199	painful diabetic neuropathy	T047	C0751074
28286285	201	204	PDN	T047	C0751074
28286285	233	252	emotional disorders	T048	C0233459
28286285	261	271	depression	T048	C0011570
28286285	307	318	minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28286285	324	332	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28286285	333	342	microglia	T025	C0206116
28286285	347	356	attenuate	T052	C0599946
28286285	357	378	pain hypersensitivity	T184	C1405033
28286285	382	385	PDN	T047	C0751074
28286285	426	437	minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28286285	445	477	acute antidepressive-like effect	T184	C1457887
28286285	481	497	diabetic animals	T008	C0003062
28286285	527	536	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28286285	537	548	minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28286285	549	558	treatment	T169	C1522326
28286285	559	569	suppresses	T169	C1260953
28286285	570	584	pain behaviour	T055	C0946267
28286285	588	591	PDN	T047	C0751074
28286285	602	613	minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28286285	614	620	effect	T080	C1280500
28286285	633	652	submodality of pain	T184	C0030193
28286285	668	679	suppression	T169	C1260953
28286285	683	697	pain behaviour	T055	C0946267
28286285	701	710	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28286285	711	722	minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28286285	723	732	treatment	T061	C0087111
28286285	736	751	associated with	T080	C0332281
28286285	752	778	antidepressive-like effect	T184	C1457887
28286285	784	795	experiments	T062	C0205664
28286285	814	828	streptozotocin	T109,T195	C0038432
28286285	831	838	induced	T169	C0205263
28286285	839	842	rat	T015	C0034693
28286285	843	848	model	T008	C0599779
28286285	852	867	type-1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28286285	869	883	Pain behaviour	T055	C0946267
28286285	909	922	monofilaments	T074	C1658323
28286285	937	949	paw pressure	T201	C4298860
28286285	951	973	mechanical stimulation	T061	C1285354
28286285	975	989	innocuous cold	T047	C0009443
28286285	991	998	acetone	T109,T121	C0001002
28286285	991	1004	acetone drops	T122	C0991568
28286285	1010	1022	noxious heat	T070	C0018837
28286285	1024	1036	radiant heat	T070	C0563232
28286285	1039	1064	Depression-like behaviour	T048	C0011570
28286285	1069	1077	assessed	T052	C1516048
28286285	1084	1104	forced swimming test	T060	C0683444
28286285	1106	1117	Minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28286285	1118	1127	treatment	T169	C1522326
28286285	1138	1150	mg/kg per os	T169	C1527415
28286285	1162	1166	week	T079	C0439230
28286285	1167	1175	duration	T079	C0449238
28286285	1189	1194	weeks	T079	C0439230
28286285	1201	1210	induction	T169	C0205263
28286285	1214	1222	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28286285	1224	1232	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
28286285	1233	1240	induced	T169	C0205263
28286285	1241	1261	mechanical allodynia	T184	C2936719
28286285	1266	1278	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28286285	1280	1294	cold allodynia	T033	C0458247
28286285	1296	1312	heat hypoalgesia	T184	C0085625
28286285	1318	1343	depression-like behaviour	T048	C0011570
28286285	1345	1356	Minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28286285	1357	1366	treatment	T061	C0087111
28286285	1381	1391	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28286285	1392	1412	mechanical allodynia	T184	C2936719
28286285	1417	1442	depression-like behaviour	T048	C0011570
28286285	1453	1459	failed	T169	C0231175
28286285	1494	1517	mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C2936719
28286285	1519	1533	cold allodynia	T033	C0458247
28286285	1537	1553	heat hypoalgesia	T184	C0085625
28286285	1581	1590	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28286285	1591	1609	per oral treatment	T169	C1527415
28286285	1615	1626	minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28286285	1633	1642	sustained	T169	C0443318
28286285	1643	1667	mechanical antiallodynic	T184	C1457887
28286285	1672	1698	antidepressive-like effect	T184	C1457887
28286285	1702	1705	PDN	T047	C0751074
28286285	1747	1758	minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28286285	1775	1791	treatment option	T061	C0683525
28286285	1796	1807	attenuating	T052	C0599946
28286285	1808	1847	sensory and comorbid emotional symptoms	T184	C1396398
28286285	1851	1862	chronic PDN	T047	C0393830

28286333|t|Early non-persistence with dabigatran and rivaroxaban in patients with atrial fibrillation
28286333|a|Dabigatran and rivaroxaban are novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) approved for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). Although NOACs are more convenient than warfarin, their lack of monitoring may predispose patients to non-persistence. Limited information is available on NOAC non-persistence rates and related clinical outcomes in clinical practice. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using administrative data from Ontario, Canada, from January 1998 to March 2014 of patients with AF who were dispensed dabigatran or rivaroxaban. Non-persistence was defined as a gap in dabigatran or rivaroxaban prescriptions ≥14 days. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the primary composite outcome of stroke, transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and mortality associated with non-persistence. The cohort consisted of 15 857 dabigatran (age 80.7±6.7 year) and 10 119 rivaroxaban users (age 77.0±7.1 year) with women comprising 52% of each medication group. At 6 months, 36.4% of patients were non-persistent to dabigatran, while 31.9% of patients were non-persistent to rivaroxaban. Stroke / TIA / death was significantly higher for those non-persistent to dabigatran (HR 1.76 (95% CI 1.60 to 1.94); p<0.0001) or rivaroxaban (HR 1.89 (95% CI 1.64 to 2.19); p<0.0001) compared with those who were persistent. Risk of stroke / TIA was markedly higher in non-persistent patients to dabigatran (HR 3.75 (95% CI 2.59 to 5.43); p<0.0001) and rivaroxaban (HR 6.25 (95% CI 3.37 to 11.58); p<0.0001) than those persistent. NOAC non-persistence rates are high in clinical practice, with approximately one in three patients becoming non-persistent to dabigatran or rivaroxaban within 6 months after drug initiation. Non-persistence with either dabigatran or rivaroxaban is significantly associated with worse clinical outcomes of stroke / TIA / death.
28286333	0	5	Early	T079	C1279919
28286333	6	21	non-persistence	T033	C0243095
28286333	27	37	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
28286333	42	53	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
28286333	57	65	patients	T101	C0030705
28286333	71	90	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28286333	91	101	Dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
28286333	106	117	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
28286333	122	147	novel oral anticoagulants	T109,T121	C0354604
28286333	149	154	NOACs	T109,T121	C0354604
28286333	169	186	stroke prevention	T061	C1277289
28286333	190	209	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28286333	211	213	AF	T047	C0004238
28286333	225	230	NOACs	T109,T121	C0354604
28286333	256	264	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
28286333	280	290	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28286333	306	314	patients	T101	C0030705
28286333	318	333	non-persistence	T033	C0243095
28286333	371	375	NOAC	T109,T121	C0354604
28286333	376	391	non-persistence	T033	C0243095
28286333	410	418	clinical	T080	C0205210
28286333	419	427	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28286333	431	448	clinical practice	T170	C0282574
28286333	465	491	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
28286333	498	517	administrative data	T170	C0282574
28286333	523	530	Ontario	T083	C0029040
28286333	532	538	Canada	T083	C0006823
28286333	575	583	patients	T101	C0030705
28286333	589	591	AF	T047	C0004238
28286333	601	610	dispensed	T058	C1880359
28286333	611	621	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
28286333	625	636	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
28286333	638	653	Non-persistence	T033	C0243095
28286333	678	688	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
28286333	692	703	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
28286333	704	717	prescriptions	T170	C0033081
28286333	730	774	multivariable Cox proportional hazards model	T170	C3161035
28286333	787	795	estimate	T081	C0750572
28286333	808	817	composite	T080	C0205199
28286333	818	825	outcome	T169	C1274040
28286333	829	835	stroke	T047	C0038454
28286333	837	863	transient ischaemic attack	T047	C0007787
28286333	865	868	TIA	T047	C0007787
28286333	884	899	associated with	T080	C0332281
28286333	900	915	non-persistence	T033	C0243095
28286333	921	927	cohort	T098	C0599755
28286333	948	958	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
28286333	990	1001	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
28286333	1033	1038	women	T098	C0043210
28286333	1062	1078	medication group	T098	C1257890
28286333	1102	1110	patients	T101	C0030705
28286333	1116	1130	non-persistent	T033	C0243095
28286333	1134	1144	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
28286333	1161	1169	patients	T101	C0030705
28286333	1175	1189	non-persistent	T033	C0243095
28286333	1193	1204	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
28286333	1206	1212	Stroke	T047	C0038454
28286333	1215	1218	TIA	T047	C0007787
28286333	1221	1226	death	T040	C0011065
28286333	1262	1276	non-persistent	T033	C0243095
28286333	1280	1290	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
28286333	1336	1347	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
28286333	1419	1429	persistent	T079	C0205322
28286333	1431	1435	Risk	T078	C0035647
28286333	1439	1445	stroke	T047	C0038454
28286333	1448	1451	TIA	T047	C0007787
28286333	1475	1489	non-persistent	T033	C0243095
28286333	1490	1498	patients	T101	C0030705
28286333	1502	1512	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
28286333	1559	1570	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
28286333	1625	1635	persistent	T079	C0205322
28286333	1637	1641	NOAC	T109,T121	C0354604
28286333	1642	1657	non-persistence	T033	C0243095
28286333	1676	1693	clinical practice	T170	C0282574
28286333	1727	1735	patients	T101	C0030705
28286333	1745	1759	non-persistent	T033	C0243095
28286333	1763	1773	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
28286333	1777	1788	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
28286333	1811	1815	drug	T121	C0013227
28286333	1816	1826	initiation	T169	C1704686
28286333	1828	1843	Non-persistence	T033	C0243095
28286333	1856	1866	dabigatran	T109,T121	C2348066
28286333	1870	1881	rivaroxaban	T109,T121	C1739768
28286333	1899	1914	associated with	T080	C0332281
28286333	1921	1929	clinical	T080	C0205210
28286333	1930	1938	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28286333	1942	1948	stroke	T047	C0038454
28286333	1951	1954	TIA	T047	C0007787
28286333	1957	1962	death	T040	C0011065

28286688|t|Beneficial Effects on Pregnancy Outcomes of Thyroid Hormone Replacement for Subclinical Hypothyroidism
28286688|a|Background. Hypothyroidism and raised thyroid antibody levels have been associated with adverse obstetrical outcomes. Several studies have investigated causal associations, but results have been inconsistent and few studies have reported the effects of thyroxine replacement therapy on pregnancy outcomes in hypothyroid patients. Objective. The primary study objective was to determine the outcome of pregnancies in women diagnosed with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) (serum TSH > 2.5 mIU/L) and those with elevated circulating thyroid autoantibody levels in the first trimester of pregnancy and after the institution of appropriate thyroxine replacement therapy to maintain the serum TSH ≤ 2.5 mIU/L. Study Design. This prospective observational study was undertaken between 2013 and 2016. Blood samples were taken from 1025 women at presentation for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TGAb), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb). Those with a TSH > 2.5 mIU/L were treated with thyroxine and managed appropriately to ensure that the TSH was maintained ≤2.5 mIU/L. Outcomes in these patients were compared to those in euthyroid patients. Maternal antenatal complications and perinatal outcomes were recorded. Results. There were a total of 1025 patients of whom 382 (37.5%) were nulliparous. 10.1% had a TSH level > 2.5 mIU/L and 18.2% had at least one raised thyroid antibody level. No differences in adverse outcomes of pregnancy were evident in women treated for SCH or overt hypothyroidism compared to the euthyroid group. There was also no association between raised thyroid antibodies and adverse pregnancy outcomes in either group. Conclusion. There were no adverse outcomes of pregnancy found in pregnant women who had been diagnosed and treated with thyroxine for SCH at the time of presentation when compared to euthyroid patients. There was also no relationship with thyroid antibodies and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the two groups. It is not possible to unequivocally advocate for thyroxine replacement in pregnant women with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism until large scale randomized controlled trials are performed.
28286688	0	18	Beneficial Effects	T081	C0814225
28286688	22	40	Pregnancy Outcomes	T033	C0032972
28286688	44	71	Thyroid Hormone Replacement	T061	C2242640
28286688	76	102	Subclinical Hypothyroidism	T047	C0271790
28286688	115	129	Hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
28286688	134	140	raised	T080	C0442818
28286688	141	157	thyroid antibody	T116,T129	C0700384
28286688	158	164	levels	T080	C0441889
28286688	191	198	adverse	T046	C0559546
28286688	199	219	obstetrical outcomes	T046	C0206277
28286688	229	236	studies	T062	C2603343
28286688	242	254	investigated	T169	C1292732
28286688	280	287	results	T033	C0683954
28286688	298	310	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
28286688	319	326	studies	T062	C2603343
28286688	356	385	thyroxine replacement therapy	T061	C2242640
28286688	389	407	pregnancy outcomes	T033	C0032972
28286688	411	422	hypothyroid	T047	C0020676
28286688	423	431	patients	T101	C0030705
28286688	456	471	study objective	T078	C2985627
28286688	493	515	outcome of pregnancies	T033	C0032972
28286688	519	524	women	T098	C0043210
28286688	525	534	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28286688	540	545	overt	T078	C0750489
28286688	550	576	subclinical hypothyroidism	T047	C0271790
28286688	578	581	SCH	T047	C0271790
28286688	584	593	serum TSH	T059	C1277938
28286688	622	630	elevated	T080	C3163633
28286688	631	642	circulating	T169	C0175630
28286688	643	663	thyroid autoantibody	T116,T129	C0700384
28286688	664	670	levels	T080	C0441889
28286688	678	706	first trimester of pregnancy	T079	C0032979
28286688	748	777	thyroxine replacement therapy	T061	C2242640
28286688	794	803	serum TSH	T059	C1277938
28286688	836	847	prospective	T062	C0033522
28286688	848	867	observational study	T062	C1518527
28286688	906	919	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
28286688	941	946	women	T098	C0043210
28286688	967	994	thyroid stimulating hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
28286688	996	999	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
28286688	1002	1031	anti-thyroglobulin antibodies	T116,T129	C0443883
28286688	1033	1037	TGAb	T116,T129	C0443883
28286688	1044	1073	thyroid peroxidase antibodies	T116,T129	C0076635
28286688	1075	1080	TPOAb	T116,T129	C0076635
28286688	1096	1099	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
28286688	1117	1129	treated with	T061	C0332293
28286688	1130	1139	thyroxine	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
28286688	1185	1188	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
28286688	1193	1203	maintained	T169	C1314677
28286688	1216	1224	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
28286688	1234	1242	patients	T101	C0030705
28286688	1269	1278	euthyroid	T033	C0117002
28286688	1279	1287	patients	T101	C0030705
28286688	1289	1297	Maternal	T099	C0026591
28286688	1298	1307	antenatal	T079	C2828394
28286688	1308	1321	complications	T046	C0009566
28286688	1326	1335	perinatal	T079	C0178795
28286688	1336	1344	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28286688	1396	1404	patients	T101	C0030705
28286688	1430	1441	nulliparous	T033	C0425979
28286688	1455	1458	TSH	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
28286688	1459	1464	level	T080	C0441889
28286688	1504	1510	raised	T080	C0442818
28286688	1511	1527	thyroid antibody	T116,T129	C0700384
28286688	1528	1533	level	T080	C0441889
28286688	1553	1560	adverse	T046	C0559546
28286688	1561	1582	outcomes of pregnancy	T033	C0032972
28286688	1599	1604	women	T098	C0043210
28286688	1605	1612	treated	T169	C1522326
28286688	1617	1620	SCH	T047	C0271790
28286688	1624	1629	overt	T078	C0750489
28286688	1630	1644	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
28286688	1661	1670	euthyroid	T033	C0117002
28286688	1671	1676	group	T098	C1257890
28286688	1716	1722	raised	T080	C0442818
28286688	1723	1741	thyroid antibodies	T116,T129	C0700384
28286688	1746	1753	adverse	T046	C0559546
28286688	1754	1772	pregnancy outcomes	T033	C0032972
28286688	1783	1788	group	T098	C1257890
28286688	1816	1823	adverse	T046	C0559546
28286688	1824	1845	outcomes of pregnancy	T033	C0032972
28286688	1855	1869	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28286688	1883	1892	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28286688	1897	1909	treated with	T061	C0332293
28286688	1910	1919	thyroxine	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
28286688	1924	1927	SCH	T047	C0271790
28286688	1973	1982	euthyroid	T033	C0117002
28286688	1983	1991	patients	T101	C0030705
28286688	2029	2047	thyroid antibodies	T116,T129	C0700384
28286688	2052	2059	adverse	T046	C0559546
28286688	2060	2078	pregnancy outcomes	T033	C0032972
28286688	2090	2096	groups	T098	C1257890
28286688	2147	2156	thyroxine	T116,T121,T125	C0040165
28286688	2157	2168	replacement	T169	C0559956
28286688	2172	2186	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28286688	2192	2203	subclinical	T080	C0205211
28286688	2208	2213	overt	T078	C0750489
28286688	2214	2228	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
28286688	2247	2275	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035

28286864|t|In Vivo Expansion of Melanoma -Specific T Cells Using Microneedle Arrays Coated with Immune-Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
28286864|a|Microneedles (MNs) are micron-scale polymeric or metallic structures that offer distinct advantages for vaccines by efficiently targeting skin -resident immune cells, eliminating injection-associated pain, and improving patient compliance. These advantages, along with recent studies showing therapeutic benefits achieved using traditional intradermal injections in human cancer patients, suggest MN delivery might enhance cancer vaccines and immunotherapies. We recently developed a new class of polyelectrolyte multilayers based on the self-assembly of model peptide antigens and molecular toll-like receptor agonists (TLRa) into ultrathin, conformal coatings. Here, we reasoned that these immune polyelectrolyte multilayers (iPEMs) might be a useful platform for assembling cancer vaccine components on MN arrays for intradermal delivery from these substrates. Using conserved human melanoma antigens and a potent TLRa vaccine adjuvant, CpG, we show that iPEMs can be assembled on MNs in an automated fashion. These films, prepared with up to 128 layers, are approximately 200 nm thick but provide cancer vaccine cargo loading >225 μg/cm(2). In cell culture, iPEM cargo released from MNs is internalized by primary dendritic cells, promotes activation of these cells, and expands T cells during coculture. In mice, application of iPEM -coated MNs results in the codelivery of tumor antigen and CpG through the skin, expanding tumor -specific T cells during initial MN applications and resulting in larger memory recall responses during a subsequent booster MN application. This study support MNs coated with PEMs built from tumor vaccine components as a well-defined, modular system for generating tumor -specific immune responses, enabling new approaches that can be explored in combination with checkpoint blockade or other combination cancer therapies.
28286864	0	7	In Vivo	T082	C1515655
28286864	8	17	Expansion	T043	C0007595
28286864	21	29	Melanoma	T191	C0025202
28286864	40	47	T Cells	T025	C0039194
28286864	54	65	Microneedle	T074	C0027551
28286864	85	119	Immune-Polyelectrolyte Multilayers	T122	C0005479
28286864	120	132	Microneedles	T074	C0027551
28286864	134	137	MNs	T074	C0027551
28286864	156	165	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
28286864	169	188	metallic structures	T073	C3273359
28286864	224	232	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
28286864	258	262	skin	T022	C1123023
28286864	273	285	immune cells	T025	C0312740
28286864	299	324	injection-associated pain	T184	C1096717
28286864	340	347	patient	T101	C0030705
28286864	348	358	compliance	T055	C1321605
28286864	396	403	studies	T062	C2603343
28286864	460	482	intradermal injections	T061	C0021489
28286864	486	491	human	T016	C0086418
28286864	492	507	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
28286864	517	519	MN	T074	C0027551
28286864	520	528	delivery	T169	C1705822
28286864	543	558	cancer vaccines	T116,T121,T129	C0376659
28286864	563	578	immunotherapies	T061	C0021083
28286864	617	644	polyelectrolyte multilayers	T122	C0005479
28286864	658	671	self-assembly	T044	C0872376
28286864	681	697	peptide antigens	T129	C0003320
28286864	702	739	molecular toll-like receptor agonists	T121	C0243192
28286864	741	745	TLRa	T121	C0243192
28286864	752	781	ultrathin, conformal coatings	T080	C1522408
28286864	812	846	immune polyelectrolyte multilayers	T122	C0005479
28286864	848	853	iPEMs	T122	C0005479
28286864	897	911	cancer vaccine	T116,T121,T129	C0376659
28286864	912	922	components	T077	C1705248
28286864	926	928	MN	T074	C0027551
28286864	940	960	intradermal delivery	T061	C0021489
28286864	972	982	substrates	T167	C3891814
28286864	1000	1005	human	T016	C0086418
28286864	1006	1023	melanoma antigens	T116,T129	C2936596
28286864	1037	1049	TLRa vaccine	T121	C0243192
28286864	1050	1058	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
28286864	1060	1063	CpG	T121,T129	C0042210
28286864	1078	1083	iPEMs	T122	C0005479
28286864	1104	1107	MNs	T074	C0027551
28286864	1139	1144	films	T080	C1522408
28286864	1221	1235	cancer vaccine	T116,T121,T129	C0376659
28286864	1268	1280	cell culture	T059	C0007585
28286864	1282	1286	iPEM	T122	C0005479
28286864	1307	1310	MNs	T074	C0027551
28286864	1338	1353	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
28286864	1364	1374	activation	T052	C1879547
28286864	1384	1389	cells	T025	C0007634
28286864	1403	1410	T cells	T025	C0039194
28286864	1418	1427	coculture	T059	C0282547
28286864	1432	1436	mice	T015	C0025929
28286864	1438	1449	application	T058	C0185125
28286864	1453	1457	iPEM	T122	C0005479
28286864	1466	1469	MNs	T074	C0027551
28286864	1499	1504	tumor	T191	C0027651
28286864	1505	1512	antigen	T129	C0003320
28286864	1517	1520	CpG	T121,T129	C0042210
28286864	1533	1537	skin	T022	C1123023
28286864	1549	1554	tumor	T191	C0027651
28286864	1565	1572	T cells	T025	C0039194
28286864	1588	1590	MN	T074	C0027551
28286864	1591	1603	applications	T058	C0185125
28286864	1628	1651	memory recall responses	T041	C0679063
28286864	1680	1682	MN	T074	C0027551
28286864	1683	1694	application	T058	C0185125
28286864	1701	1706	study	T062	C2603343
28286864	1715	1718	MNs	T074	C0027551
28286864	1731	1735	PEMs	T122	C0005479
28286864	1747	1752	tumor	T191	C0027651
28286864	1753	1760	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28286864	1821	1826	tumor	T191	C0027651
28286864	1837	1853	immune responses	T042	C0301872
28286864	1903	1914	combination	T080	C0205195
28286864	1949	1960	combination	T080	C0205195
28286864	1961	1977	cancer therapies	T061	C0920425

28286958|t|Construction of Fused Polyheterocycles through Sequential [4 + 2] and [3 + 2] Cycloadditions
28286958|a|A method for Pd - catalyzed aerobic oxidative reaction of quinazolinones and alkynes has been developed for sequential [4 + 2] and [3 + 2] cycloadditions to assemble a novel fused-polycyclic system containing tetrahydropyridine and dihydrofuran rings. The reaction process involves C-H and N-H bond functionalization for the formation of tetrahydropyridine and an oxygen radical cyclization for the dihydrofuran ring. This atom - and step- economical synthesis is highly efficient and has good substrate tolerance, which provides a new approach for the construction of polycyclic molecules with potential pharmaceutical interest.
28286958	0	12	Construction	T070	C0007987
28286958	16	38	Fused Polyheterocycles	T104	C1254350
28286958	47	57	Sequential	T080	C1705294
28286958	58	92	[4 + 2] and [3 + 2] Cycloadditions	T067	C0598128
28286958	106	108	Pd	T196	C0030230
28286958	111	120	catalyzed	T070	C0007382
28286958	121	128	aerobic	T080	C1510824
28286958	129	147	oxidative reaction	T044	C0030011
28286958	151	165	quinazolinones	T109	C1720912
28286958	170	177	alkynes	T109	C0002078
28286958	201	211	sequential	T080	C1705294
28286958	212	246	[4 + 2] and [3 + 2] cycloadditions	T067	C0598128
28286958	250	258	assemble	T052	C1706853
28286958	261	266	novel	T080	C0205314
28286958	267	290	fused-polycyclic system	T104	C1254350
28286958	302	320	tetrahydropyridine	T109	C0044607
28286958	325	343	dihydrofuran rings	T109	C0029224
28286958	349	365	reaction process	T067	C0596319
28286958	375	391	C-H and N-H bond	T044	C0813982
28286958	418	427	formation	T169	C1522492
28286958	431	449	tetrahydropyridine	T109	C0044607
28286958	457	471	oxygen radical	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28286958	472	483	cyclization	T070	C0010546
28286958	492	509	dihydrofuran ring	T109	C0029224
28286958	516	520	atom	T196	C0567415
28286958	533	553	economical synthesis	T090	C0013556
28286958	587	596	substrate	T167	C3891814
28286958	597	606	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28286958	646	658	construction	T070	C0007987
28286958	662	682	polycyclic molecules	T104	C1254350
28286958	698	722	pharmaceutical interest.	T091	C0008003

28286999|t|An assessment of the importance of exposure routes to the uptake and internal localisation of fluorescent nanoparticles in zebrafish (Danio rerio), using light sheet microscopy
28286999|a|A major challenge in nanoecotoxicology is finding suitable methods to determine the uptake and localisation of nanoparticles on a whole-organism level. Some uptake methods have been associated with artefacts induced by sample preparation, including staining for electron microscopy. This study used light sheet microscopy (LSM) to define the uptake and localisation of fluorescently labelled nanoparticles in living organisms with minimal sample preparation. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to fluorescent gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) and fluorescent polystyrene NPs via aqueous or dietary exposure. The in vivo uptake and localisation of NPs were investigated using LSM at different time points (1, 3 and 7 days). A time - dependent increase in fluorescence was observed in the gut after dietary exposure to both Au NPs and polystyrene NPs. No fluorescence was observed within gut epithelia regardless of the NP exposure route indicating no or limited uptake via intestinal villi. Fish exposed to polystyrene NPs through the aqueous phase emitted fluorescence signals from the gills and intestine. Fluorescence was also detected in the head region of the fish after aqueous exposure to polystyrene NPs. This was not observed for Au NPs. Aqueous exposure to Au NPs resulted in increased relative swimming distance, while no effect was observed for other exposures. This study supports that the route of exposure is essential for the uptake and subsequent localisation of nanoparticles in zebrafish. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the localisation of NPs in whole living organisms can be visualised in real-time, using LSM.
28286999	3	13	assessment	T052	C1516048
28286999	35	50	exposure routes	UnknownType	C0683172
28286999	58	64	uptake	T039	C0243144
28286999	69	77	internal	T082	C0205102
28286999	78	90	localisation	T169	C0475264
28286999	94	105	fluorescent	T070	C0016315
28286999	106	119	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28286999	123	132	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28286999	134	145	Danio rerio	T013	C0043457
28286999	154	176	light sheet microscopy	T059	C0026018
28286999	198	215	nanoecotoxicology	T091	C0040541
28286999	219	226	finding	T033	C0243095
28286999	227	243	suitable methods	T170	C0025663
28286999	261	267	uptake	T039	C0243144
28286999	272	284	localisation	T169	C0475264
28286999	288	301	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28286999	307	321	whole-organism	T169	C1520147
28286999	322	327	level	T080	C0441889
28286999	334	340	uptake	T039	C0243144
28286999	341	348	methods	T170	C0025663
28286999	359	374	associated with	T080	C0332281
28286999	375	384	artefacts	T068	C0085089
28286999	385	392	induced	T169	C0205263
28286999	396	402	sample	T167	C0370003
28286999	403	414	preparation	T052	C1521827
28286999	426	434	staining	T033	C1704680
28286999	439	458	electron microscopy	T059	C0026019
28286999	465	470	study	T062	C2603343
28286999	476	498	light sheet microscopy	T059	C0026018
28286999	500	503	LSM	T059	C0026018
28286999	519	525	uptake	T039	C0243144
28286999	530	542	localisation	T169	C0475264
28286999	546	559	fluorescently	T070	C0016315
28286999	560	582	labelled nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28286999	586	602	living organisms	T001	C0029235
28286999	608	615	minimal	T080	C0547040
28286999	616	622	sample	T167	C0370003
28286999	623	634	preparation	T052	C1521827
28286999	636	645	Zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28286999	647	658	Danio rerio	T013	C0043457
28286999	665	675	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28286999	676	687	fluorescent	T070	C0016315
28286999	688	706	gold nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
28286999	708	714	Au NPs	T073	C1721060
28286999	720	731	fluorescent	T070	C0016315
28286999	732	743	polystyrene	T109,T122	C0032604
28286999	744	747	NPs	T073	C1450054
28286999	752	759	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28286999	763	770	dietary	T169	C1512806
28286999	771	779	exposure	T080	C0332157
28286999	785	792	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28286999	793	799	uptake	T039	C0243144
28286999	804	816	localisation	T169	C0475264
28286999	820	823	NPs	T073	C1450054
28286999	848	851	LSM	T059	C0026018
28286999	865	876	time points	T079	C1442880
28286999	889	893	days	T079	C0439228
28286999	898	902	time	T079	C0040223
28286999	905	914	dependent	T080	C0851827
28286999	915	923	increase	T169	C0442805
28286999	927	939	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28286999	944	952	observed	T169	C1441672
28286999	960	963	gut	T023	C0699819
28286999	970	977	dietary	T169	C1512806
28286999	978	989	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28286999	995	1001	Au NPs	T073	C1721060
28286999	1006	1021	polystyrene NPs	T073	C1450054
28286999	1023	1025	No	T033	C1513916
28286999	1026	1038	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28286999	1043	1051	observed	T169	C1441672
28286999	1059	1072	gut epithelia	T024	C0226890
28286999	1091	1093	NP	T073	C1450054
28286999	1094	1108	exposure route	UnknownType	C0683172
28286999	1120	1133	no or limited	T169	C0439801
28286999	1134	1140	uptake	T039	C0243144
28286999	1145	1161	intestinal villi	T023	C0227266
28286999	1163	1167	Fish	T013	C0016163
28286999	1168	1178	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28286999	1179	1194	polystyrene NPs	T073	C1450054
28286999	1207	1214	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28286999	1215	1220	phase	T079	C0205390
28286999	1221	1228	emitted	T169	C0678227
28286999	1229	1241	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28286999	1242	1249	signals	T067	C1710082
28286999	1259	1264	gills	T023	C0017558
28286999	1269	1278	intestine	T023	C0021853
28286999	1280	1292	Fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28286999	1302	1310	detected	T033	C0442726
28286999	1318	1329	head region	T029	C0933834
28286999	1337	1341	fish	T013	C0016163
28286999	1348	1355	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28286999	1356	1367	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28286999	1368	1383	polystyrene NPs	T073	C1450054
28286999	1394	1397	not	T033	C1513916
28286999	1398	1406	observed	T169	C1441672
28286999	1411	1417	Au NPs	T073	C1721060
28286999	1419	1426	Aqueous	T080	C0599956
28286999	1427	1438	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28286999	1439	1445	Au NPs	T073	C1721060
28286999	1446	1454	resulted	T169	C1274040
28286999	1458	1467	increased	T081	C0205217
28286999	1468	1476	relative	T080	C0205345
28286999	1477	1485	swimming	T056	C0039003
28286999	1486	1494	distance	T081	C0012751
28286999	1502	1511	no effect	T080	C1301751
28286999	1516	1524	observed	T169	C1441672
28286999	1529	1544	other exposures	T037	C0274281
28286999	1551	1556	study	T062	C2603343
28286999	1575	1592	route of exposure	UnknownType	C0683172
28286999	1614	1620	uptake	T039	C0243144
28286999	1636	1648	localisation	T169	C0475264
28286999	1652	1665	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28286999	1669	1678	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28286999	1718	1730	localisation	T169	C0475264
28286999	1734	1737	NPs	T073	C1450054
28286999	1741	1763	whole living organisms	T169	C1520147
28286999	1771	1781	visualised	T169	C0234621
28286999	1785	1794	real-time	T079	C1550177
28286999	1802	1805	LSM	T059	C0026018

28287035|t|Biological basis of radiation protection needs rejuvenation
28287035|a|Human beings encounter radiation in many different situations - from proximity to radioactive waste sites to participation in medical procedures using X-rays etc. Limits for radiation exposures are legally regulated; however, current radiation protection policy does not explicitly acknowledge that biological, cellular and molecular effects of low doses and low dose rates of radiation differ from effects induced by medium and high dose radiation exposures. Recent technical developments in biology and medicine, from single cell techniques to big data computational research, have enabled new approaches for study of biology of low doses of radiation. Results of the work done so far support the idea that low doses of radiation have effects that differ from those associated with high dose exposures; this work, however, is far from sufficient for the development of a new theoretical framework needed for the understanding of low dose radiation exposures. Mechanistic understanding of radiation effects at low doses is necessary in order to develop better radiation protection policy.
28287035	0	10	Biological	T080	C0205460
28287035	11	16	basis	T121	C1874451
28287035	20	40	radiation protection	T061	C0034533
28287035	47	59	rejuvenation	T061	C0035016
28287035	60	72	Human beings	T016	C0086418
28287035	83	92	radiation	T070	C0851346
28287035	129	138	proximity	T082	C1514583
28287035	142	159	radioactive waste	T069,T131	C0034552
28287035	160	165	sites	T082	C0205145
28287035	169	182	participation	T169	C0679823
28287035	186	204	medical procedures	T058	C0199171
28287035	211	217	X-rays	T070	C0043309
28287035	234	253	radiation exposures	T037	C0015333
28287035	258	275	legally regulated	T064	C0851285
28287035	294	314	radiation protection	T061	C0034533
28287035	315	321	policy	T170	C0242456
28287035	359	369	biological	T080	C0205460
28287035	371	379	cellular	T059	C0178539
28287035	384	393	molecular	T080	C1521991
28287035	394	404	effects of	T080	C1704420
28287035	405	414	low doses	T081	C0445550
28287035	423	433	dose rates	T081	C1512044
28287035	437	446	radiation	T070	C0851346
28287035	489	498	high dose	T081	C0444956
28287035	499	518	radiation exposures	T037	C0015333
28287035	527	549	technical developments	T169	C1527148
28287035	553	560	biology	T091	C0005532
28287035	565	573	medicine	T091	C0025118
28287035	580	602	single cell techniques	T059	C0597452
28287035	606	637	big data computational research	T059	C4297010
28287035	656	666	approaches	T169	C1292724
28287035	671	676	study	T062	C2603343
28287035	680	687	biology	T091	C0005532
28287035	691	700	low doses	T081	C0445550
28287035	704	713	radiation	T070	C0851346
28287035	747	754	support	T077	C1521721
28287035	759	763	idea	T078	C1947946
28287035	769	778	low doses	T081	C0445550
28287035	782	791	radiation	T070	C0851346
28287035	828	843	associated with	T080	C0332281
28287035	844	853	high dose	T081	C0444956
28287035	854	863	exposures	T037	C0014412
28287035	897	907	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28287035	916	927	development	T169	C1527148
28287035	937	958	theoretical framework	T170	C0282574
28287035	991	999	low dose	T081	C0445550
28287035	1000	1019	radiation exposures	T037	C0015333
28287035	1050	1067	radiation effects	T067	C4281532
28287035	1071	1080	low doses	T081	C0445550
28287035	1121	1141	radiation protection	T061	C0034533
28287035	1142	1148	policy	T170	C0242456

28287597|t|Measuring and Modeling Contractile Drying in Human Stratum Corneum
28287597|a|Stratum corneum (SC) is the most superficial skin layer. Its contact with the external environment means that this tissue layer is subjected to both cleansing agents and daily variations in ambient moisture; both of which can alter the water content of the tissue. Reductions in water content from severe barrier dysfunction or low humidity environments can alter SC stiffness and cause a build-up of drying stresses. In extreme conditions, these factors can cause mechanical rupture of the tissue. We have established a high throughput method of quantifying dynamic changes in the mechanical properties of SC upon drying. This technique can be employed to quantify changes in the drying behavior and mechanical properties of SC with cosmetic cleanser and moisturizer treatments. This is achieved by measuring dynamic variations in spatially resolved in-plane drying displacements of circular tissue samples adhered to an elastomer substrate. In-plane radial displacements acquired during drying are azimuthally averaged and fitted with a profile based on a linear elastic contractility model. Dynamic changes in drying stress and SC elastic modulus can then be extracted from the fitted model profiles.
28287597	0	9	Measuring	T080	C0444706
28287597	14	22	Modeling	T062	C0870071
28287597	23	41	Contractile Drying	T070	C0011682
28287597	45	50	Human	T016	C0086418
28287597	51	66	Stratum Corneum	T024	C0221921
28287597	67	82	Stratum corneum	T024	C0221921
28287597	84	86	SC	T024	C0221921
28287597	100	111	superficial	T082	C0205124
28287597	112	122	skin layer	T024	C1282402
28287597	145	165	external environment	T082	C0014406
28287597	182	194	tissue layer	T024	C0040300
28287597	216	232	cleansing agents	T121	C0008920
28287597	237	242	daily	T079	C0332173
28287597	243	253	variations	T080	C0205419
28287597	257	264	ambient	T080	C1879688
28287597	265	273	moisture	T167	C0868994
28287597	293	298	alter	T078	C1515926
28287597	303	308	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28287597	309	316	content	T081	C1265611
28287597	324	330	tissue	T024	C0040300
28287597	332	342	Reductions	T081	C0547047
28287597	346	351	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28287597	352	359	content	T081	C1265611
28287597	380	391	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28287597	395	407	low humidity	T070	C0337008
28287597	408	420	environments	T082	C0014406
28287597	431	433	SC	T024	C0221921
28287597	434	443	stiffness	T184	C0427008
28287597	468	474	drying	T070	C0011682
28287597	475	483	stresses	T070	C0038442
28287597	514	521	factors	T169	C1521761
28287597	532	550	mechanical rupture	T037	C3203359
28287597	558	564	tissue	T024	C0040300
28287597	614	625	quantifying	T081	C1709793
28287597	626	633	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28287597	634	641	changes	T169	C0392747
28287597	649	670	mechanical properties	T080	C0871161
28287597	674	676	SC	T024	C0221921
28287597	682	688	drying	T070	C0011682
28287597	695	704	technique	T169	C0449851
28287597	724	732	quantify	T081	C1709793
28287597	733	740	changes	T169	C0392747
28287597	748	754	drying	T070	C0011682
28287597	755	763	behavior	T053	C0004927
28287597	768	789	mechanical properties	T080	C0871161
28287597	793	795	SC	T024	C0221921
28287597	801	809	cosmetic	T073	C0010164
28287597	810	818	cleanser	T109,T121	C1576389
28287597	823	834	moisturizer	T122	C3848663
28287597	835	845	treatments	T061	C0087111
28287597	867	876	measuring	T080	C0444706
28287597	877	884	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28287597	885	895	variations	T080	C0205419
28287597	927	933	drying	T070	C0011682
28287597	934	947	displacements	T082	C0012727
28287597	951	974	circular tissue samples	T024	C1292533
28287597	975	982	adhered	T067	C3714578
28287597	989	1008	elastomer substrate	T109,T122	C0013766
28287597	1010	1039	In-plane radial displacements	T082	C0012727
28287597	1056	1062	drying	T070	C0011682
28287597	1125	1159	linear elastic contractility model	T170	C3161035
28287597	1161	1168	Dynamic	T169	C0729333
28287597	1169	1176	changes	T169	C0392747
28287597	1180	1186	drying	T070	C0011682
28287597	1198	1200	SC	T024	C0221921
28287597	1201	1216	elastic modulus	T081	C2350289

28288134|t|DUB3 and USP7 de-ubiquitinating enzymes control replication inhibitor Geminin: molecular characterization and associations with breast cancer
28288134|a|Correct control of DNA replication is crucial to maintain genomic stability in dividing cells. Inappropriate re-licensing of replicated origins is associated with chromosomal instability (CIN), a hallmark of cancer progression that at the same time provides potential opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Geminin is a critical inhibitor of the DNA replication licensing factor Cdt1. To properly achieve its functions, Geminin levels are tightly regulated through the cell cycle by ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation, but the de-ubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) involved had not been identified. Here we report that DUB3 and USP7 control human Geminin. Overexpression of either DUB3 or USP7 increases Geminin levels through reduced ubiquitination. Conversely, depletion of DUB3 or USP7 reduces Geminin levels, and DUB3 knockdown increases re-replication events, analogous to the effect of Geminin depletion. In exploring potential clinical implications, we found that USP7 and Geminin are strongly correlated in a cohort of invasive breast cancers (P<1.01E-08). As expected, Geminin expression is highly prognostic. Interestingly, we found a non-monotonic relationship between USP7 and breast cancer -specific survival, with both very low or high levels of USP7 associated with poor outcome, independent of estrogen receptor status. Altogether, our data identify DUB3 and USP7 as factors that regulate DNA replication by controlling Geminin protein stability, and suggest that USP7 may be involved in Geminin dysregulation during breast cancer progression .Oncogene advance online publication, 13 March 2017; doi:10.1038/onc.2017.21.
28288134	0	4	DUB3	T116,T126	C1451084
28288134	9	13	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28288134	14	39	de-ubiquitinating enzymes	T116,T126	C1333282
28288134	48	69	replication inhibitor	T044	C1325319
28288134	70	77	Geminin	T116,T123	C3665616
28288134	79	88	molecular	T080	C1521991
28288134	89	105	characterization	T052	C1880022
28288134	128	141	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28288134	150	176	control of DNA replication	T045	C1155665
28288134	200	217	genomic stability	T045	C1257825
28288134	221	235	dividing cells	T025	C0230517
28288134	267	285	replicated origins	T086	C0242961
28288134	289	304	associated with	T080	C0332281
28288134	305	328	chromosomal instability	T049	C1257806
28288134	330	333	CIN	T049	C1257806
28288134	350	368	cancer progression	T046	C1947901
28288134	428	452	therapeutic intervention	T061	C0808232
28288134	454	461	Geminin	T116,T123	C3665616
28288134	476	485	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28288134	493	508	DNA replication	T045	C0598312
28288134	509	525	licensing factor	T116,T123	C1334394
28288134	526	530	Cdt1	T028	C1332742
28288134	567	574	Geminin	T116,T123	C3665616
28288134	575	581	levels	T080	C0441889
28288134	616	626	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
28288134	630	673	ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation	T044	C1523807
28288134	683	708	de-ubiquitinating enzymes	T116,T126	C1333282
28288134	710	714	DUBs	T116,T126	C1333282
28288134	770	774	DUB3	T116,T126	C1451084
28288134	779	783	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28288134	792	805	human Geminin	T116,T123	C0676272
28288134	807	821	Overexpression	T045	C1514559
28288134	832	836	DUB3	T116,T126	C1451084
28288134	840	844	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28288134	845	854	increases	T169	C0442805
28288134	855	862	Geminin	T116,T123	C3665616
28288134	863	869	levels	T080	C0441889
28288134	878	885	reduced	T080	C0392756
28288134	886	900	ubiquitination	T044	C1519751
28288134	914	923	depletion	T169	C0333668
28288134	927	931	DUB3	T116,T126	C1451084
28288134	935	939	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28288134	940	947	reduces	T080	C0392756
28288134	948	955	Geminin	T116,T123	C3665616
28288134	956	962	levels	T080	C0441889
28288134	968	972	DUB3	T028	C1857782
28288134	973	982	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28288134	983	992	increases	T169	C0442805
28288134	993	1014	re-replication events	T045	C1155651
28288134	1043	1050	Geminin	T116,T123	C3665616
28288134	1051	1060	depletion	T169	C0333668
28288134	1122	1126	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28288134	1131	1138	Geminin	T116,T123	C3665616
28288134	1168	1174	cohort	T098	C0599755
28288134	1178	1186	invasive	T080	C0205281
28288134	1187	1201	breast cancers	T191	C0006142
28288134	1229	1236	Geminin	T116,T123	C3665616
28288134	1237	1247	expression	T045	C1171362
28288134	1310	1322	relationship	T080	C0439849
28288134	1331	1335	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28288134	1340	1353	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28288134	1364	1372	survival	T169	C0220921
28288134	1389	1392	low	T080	C0205251
28288134	1396	1400	high	T080	C0205250
28288134	1401	1407	levels	T080	C0441889
28288134	1411	1415	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28288134	1416	1431	associated with	T080	C0332281
28288134	1432	1444	poor outcome	T033	C3806166
28288134	1461	1478	estrogen receptor	T116,T192	C0034804
28288134	1479	1485	status	T080	C0449438
28288134	1503	1507	data	T078	C1511726
28288134	1517	1521	DUB3	T116,T126	C1451084
28288134	1526	1530	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28288134	1547	1571	regulate DNA replication	T045	C1155665
28288134	1587	1594	Geminin	T116,T123	C3665616
28288134	1595	1612	protein stability	T080	C2350440
28288134	1631	1635	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28288134	1655	1662	Geminin	T116,T123	C3665616
28288134	1663	1676	dysregulation	T033	C1704258
28288134	1684	1697	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28288134	1698	1709	progression	T046	C1947901

28288758|t|Epidemiological patterns of bovine besnoitiosis in an endemic beef cattle herd reared under extensive conditions
28288758|a|Bovine besnoitiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Besnoitia besnoiti. Described many decades ago, recent epidemiological studies reveal its important spread within Europe in the last years. To date, many epidemiological aspects related to life cycle, routes of transmission, incidence rates and associated risk factors are lacking; hence, the establishment of appropriate disease control programmes poses an important challenge. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the epidemiological pattern of the disease in an endemic herd reared under extensive conditions (Spanish Pyrenees) by identifying main factors associated with infection and clinical disease dynamics. The study population consisted of 276 Brown Swiss and Pirenaica adult animals and 145 calves born and weaned at the farm during the study. Three sampling time frames were used: January 2010, September 2010 and February 2011, which allowed us to differentiate two periods designated as mountain and valley periods. The data related to animals (breed, sex and age) and herd management (animal grouping and time in housing) were recorded. The data collection methodology was mainly based on clinical examinations and defining the serological status against bovine besnoitiosis by the immunofluorescent antibody testing of blood samples. The total prevalence among adult animals was 38.34% (CI 95%: 34.53-42.07), with 18.54% of seropositive animals showing clinical signs. In regard to the cumulative incidence, 34.57% of new infections were detected during the mountain period, in contrast to the 24.59% observed in the valley period. The incidence density was 0.058 and 0.061 new infections per animal - month for the mountain and valley periods, respectively. According to the seroepidemiological study, the seroconversion probability of B. besnoiti infection was directly associated with the number of seropositive cows with whom an animal had been stabled as well as the housing period duration, supporting horizontal transmission by close contact as one of the most important methods of disease spread. In addition, the risk of developing the clinical course increased with age, and the presence of clinical signs was related to higher antibody responses. Among calves (from 3.1 to 7.1 months old) sampled once at weaning, the total seroprevalence was 15.17% (CI 95%: 9.36-21.04), and the chronic stage was observed in three animals, supporting the ability of B. besnoiti to infect and even cause disease in animals less than 6 months old. Finally, the risk of calf seroconversion was positively related to the serological status of the cows, suggesting postnatal transmission between dams and offspring by contact during the suckling period.
28288758	0	15	Epidemiological	T169	C0014508
28288758	16	24	patterns	T082	C0449774
28288758	28	34	bovine	T015	C0007452
28288758	35	47	besnoitiosis	T047	C0005146
28288758	54	61	endemic	T169	C0302891
28288758	62	73	beef cattle	T015	C0175923
28288758	74	78	herd	T054	C1690528
28288758	79	85	reared	T082	C3687023
28288758	113	119	Bovine	T015	C0007452
28288758	120	132	besnoitiosis	T047	C0005146
28288758	138	155	parasitic disease	T047	C0030499
28288758	170	179	protozoan	T204	C0033739
28288758	180	198	Besnoitia besnoiti	T204	C0320701
28288758	235	258	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
28288758	294	300	Europe	T083	C0015176
28288758	313	318	years	T079	C0439234
28288758	334	349	epidemiological	T169	C0014508
28288758	350	357	aspects	T080	C1879746
28288758	391	403	transmission	T046	C0242781
28288758	405	420	incidence rates	T081	C1708485
28288758	436	448	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28288758	453	460	lacking	T080	C0332268
28288758	490	517	appropriate disease control	T058	C0009449
28288758	518	528	programmes	T170	C0009457
28288758	588	593	study	T062	C2603343
28288758	615	630	epidemiological	T169	C0014508
28288758	631	638	pattern	T082	C0449774
28288758	646	653	disease	T047	C0012634
28288758	660	667	endemic	T169	C0302891
28288758	668	672	herd	T054	C1690528
28288758	673	679	reared	T082	C3687023
28288758	708	715	Spanish	T083	C0037747
28288758	716	724	Pyrenees	T083	C0442533
28288758	754	769	associated with	T080	C0332281
28288758	770	779	infection	T046	C3714514
28288758	784	800	clinical disease	T047	C0012634
28288758	801	809	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28288758	815	831	study population	T062	C0681876
28288758	849	860	Brown Swiss	T015	C0324052
28288758	865	874	Pirenaica	T015	C0007452
28288758	875	888	adult animals	T008	C0596888
28288758	897	903	calves	T015	C3668829
28288758	904	908	born	T040	C0005615
28288758	913	919	weaned	T033	C0420986
28288758	927	931	farm	T082	C0557759
28288758	943	948	study	T062	C2603343
28288758	956	964	sampling	T078	C0870078
28288758	965	976	time frames	T079	C0332168
28288758	1074	1081	periods	T079	C0010339
28288758	1096	1104	mountain	T083	C0442533
28288758	1109	1115	valley	T082	C0563004
28288758	1116	1123	periods	T079	C0010339
28288758	1129	1133	data	T078	C1511726
28288758	1145	1152	animals	T008	C0003062
28288758	1154	1159	breed	T185	C1704650
28288758	1161	1164	sex	T032	C0079399
28288758	1169	1172	age	T032	C0001779
28288758	1178	1182	herd	T054	C1690528
28288758	1183	1193	management	T057	C1273870
28288758	1195	1210	animal grouping	T096	C1642385
28288758	1215	1219	time	T079	C0040223
28288758	1223	1230	housing	T073	C0020057
28288758	1251	1266	data collection	T062	C0010995
28288758	1267	1278	methodology	T078	C3266812
28288758	1299	1320	clinical examinations	T033	C1456356
28288758	1338	1349	serological	T169	C0205473
28288758	1350	1356	status	T080	C0449438
28288758	1365	1371	bovine	T015	C0007452
28288758	1372	1384	besnoitiosis	T047	C0005146
28288758	1392	1426	immunofluorescent antibody testing	T059	C0016318
28288758	1430	1443	blood samples	T031	C0178913
28288758	1455	1465	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28288758	1472	1485	adult animals	T008	C0596888
28288758	1498	1500	CI	T081	C0009667
28288758	1535	1547	seropositive	T080	C0521143
28288758	1548	1555	animals	T008	C0003062
28288758	1597	1617	cumulative incidence	T081	C0021149
28288758	1629	1632	new	T080	C0205314
28288758	1633	1643	infections	T046	C3714514
28288758	1649	1657	detected	T033	C0442726
28288758	1669	1677	mountain	T083	C0442533
28288758	1678	1684	period	T079	C0010339
28288758	1728	1734	valley	T082	C0563004
28288758	1735	1741	period	T079	C0010339
28288758	1747	1764	incidence density	T081	C1708485
28288758	1785	1788	new	T080	C0205314
28288758	1789	1799	infections	T046	C3714514
28288758	1804	1810	animal	T008	C0003062
28288758	1813	1818	month	T079	C0439231
28288758	1827	1835	mountain	T083	C0442533
28288758	1840	1846	valley	T082	C0563004
28288758	1847	1854	periods	T079	C0010339
28288758	1887	1912	seroepidemiological study	T062	C0036744
28288758	1918	1932	seroconversion	T070	C4042908
28288758	1933	1944	probability	T081	C0033204
28288758	1948	1959	B. besnoiti	T204	C0320701
28288758	1960	1969	infection	T046	C3714514
28288758	1983	1998	associated with	T080	C0332281
28288758	2003	2009	number	T081	C0237753
28288758	2013	2025	seropositive	T080	C0521143
28288758	2026	2030	cows	T015	C0007452
28288758	2044	2050	animal	T008	C0003062
28288758	2083	2090	housing	T073	C0020057
28288758	2091	2097	period	T079	C0010339
28288758	2098	2106	duration	T079	C0449238
28288758	2119	2142	horizontal transmission	T046	C4288956
28288758	2200	2207	disease	T047	C0012634
28288758	2208	2214	spread	T080	C0332261
28288758	2233	2237	risk	T078	C0035647
28288758	2256	2271	clinical course	T079	C0449259
28288758	2272	2281	increased	T081	C0205217
28288758	2287	2290	age	T032	C0001779
28288758	2300	2308	presence	T033	C0150312
28288758	2312	2326	clinical signs	T033	C3540840
28288758	2342	2348	higher	T080	C0205250
28288758	2349	2367	antibody responses	T038	C0003261
28288758	2375	2381	calves	T015	C3668829
28288758	2399	2405	months	T079	C0439231
28288758	2406	2409	old	T079	C0580836
28288758	2427	2434	weaning	T033	C0043084
28288758	2446	2460	seroprevalence	T062	C0600367
28288758	2473	2475	CI	T081	C0009667
28288758	2502	2509	chronic	T079	C0205191
28288758	2510	2515	stage	T079	C1306673
28288758	2538	2545	animals	T008	C0003062
28288758	2573	2584	B. besnoiti	T204	C0320701
28288758	2588	2594	infect	T046	C3714514
28288758	2604	2609	cause	T169	C0015127
28288758	2610	2617	disease	T047	C0012634
28288758	2621	2628	animals	T008	C0003062
28288758	2641	2647	months	T079	C0439231
28288758	2648	2651	old	T079	C0580836
28288758	2666	2670	risk	T078	C0035647
28288758	2674	2678	calf	T015	C3668829
28288758	2679	2693	seroconversion	T070	C4042908
28288758	2724	2735	serological	T169	C0205473
28288758	2736	2742	status	T080	C0449438
28288758	2750	2754	cows	T015	C0007452
28288758	2767	2776	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28288758	2777	2789	transmission	T046	C0242781
28288758	2798	2802	dams	T015	C0007452
28288758	2807	2816	offspring	T015	C3668829
28288758	2839	2847	suckling	T015	C0003068
28288758	2848	2854	period	T079	C0010339

28288764|t|Acaricidal activities of the essential oil from Rhododendron nivale Hook. f. and its main compund, δ-cadinene against Psoroptes cuniculi
28288764|a|In this paper, the acaricidal activities of Rhododendron nivale Hook. f. and its main compound, δ-cadinene were investigated, and the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed. The results showed that among aqueous, 70% ethanols, acetic ether, chloroform, petroleum ether and essential oil extracts from the shoots and leaves, the essential oil showed the best in vitro acaricidal activity against adult P. cuniculi, which occurred in a concentration - and time - dependent manner. The median lethal time (LT50) values of four concentrations (33.33-4.17mg/ml) of the essential oil ranged from 1.476 to 25.900h, respectively. After the treatment of P. cuniculi with the essential oil and ivermectin, infected rabbits were free of scabs or secretions in the ear canal by day 20. Then, the percent yield of essential oil from the leaves and shoots was 2.45% (w/w), which includes 50 compounds. The primary component identified was terpenes, and among of compounds identified from the essential oil of R. nivale the highest relative content was δ-cadinene, which also presented the marked acaricidal activity against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro. These findings provide evidence for the use of acaricides as a traditional medicine and indicate that the essential oil and δ-cadinene could be used to control mites in livestock.
28288764	0	10	Acaricidal	T109,T131	C0303928
28288764	11	21	activities	T052	C0441655
28288764	29	42	essential oil	T109	C0028910
28288764	48	76	Rhododendron nivale Hook. f.	T002	C3359584
28288764	85	97	main compund	T080	C0205198
28288764	99	109	δ-cadinene	T109	C4278667
28288764	118	136	Psoroptes cuniculi	T204	C0323662
28288764	156	166	acaricidal	T109,T131	C0303928
28288764	167	177	activities	T052	C0441655
28288764	181	209	Rhododendron nivale Hook. f.	T002	C3359584
28288764	218	231	main compound	T080	C0205198
28288764	233	243	δ-cadinene	T109	C4278667
28288764	249	261	investigated	T169	C1292732
28288764	271	291	chemical composition	T070	C0243176
28288764	299	312	essential oil	T109	C0028910
28288764	317	325	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28288764	331	338	results	T169	C1274040
28288764	357	364	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28288764	370	378	ethanols	T109,T121	C0001962
28288764	380	392	acetic ether	T109	C0029224
28288764	394	404	chloroform	T109,T130,T131	C0008238
28288764	406	421	petroleum ether	T109,T131	C0068407
28288764	426	439	essential oil	T109	C0028910
28288764	440	448	extracts	T167	C2828366
28288764	458	464	shoots	T002	C0242729
28288764	469	475	leaves	T002	C0242724
28288764	481	494	essential oil	T109	C0028910
28288764	511	519	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28288764	520	530	acaricidal	T109,T131	C0303928
28288764	531	539	activity	T052	C0441655
28288764	548	553	adult	T100	C0001675
28288764	554	565	P. cuniculi	T204	C0323662
28288764	587	600	concentration	T081	C1446561
28288764	607	611	time	T079	C0040223
28288764	614	623	dependent	T080	C0851827
28288764	636	654	median lethal time	T079	C0040223
28288764	656	660	LT50	T079	C0040223
28288764	662	668	values	T081	C1522609
28288764	677	691	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28288764	717	730	essential oil	T109	C0028910
28288764	731	737	ranged	T081	C1514721
28288764	785	794	treatment	T169	C1522326
28288764	798	809	P. cuniculi	T204	C0323662
28288764	819	832	essential oil	T109	C0028910
28288764	837	847	ivermectin	T109,T121	C0022322
28288764	849	857	infected	T033	C0439663
28288764	858	865	rabbits	T015	C3887509
28288764	871	878	free of	T169	C0332296
28288764	879	884	scabs	T020	C0205204
28288764	888	898	secretions	T031	C0036537
28288764	906	915	ear canal	T023	C0013453
28288764	919	922	day	T079	C0439228
28288764	954	967	essential oil	T109	C0028910
28288764	977	983	leaves	T002	C0242724
28288764	988	994	shoots	T002	C0242729
28288764	1030	1039	compounds	T080	C0205198
28288764	1053	1062	component	T080	C0205198
28288764	1063	1073	identified	T080	C0205396
28288764	1078	1086	terpenes	T109,T123	C0039561
28288764	1101	1110	compounds	T080	C0205198
28288764	1111	1121	identified	T080	C0205396
28288764	1131	1144	essential oil	T109	C0028910
28288764	1148	1157	R. nivale	T002	C3359584
28288764	1191	1201	δ-cadinene	T109	C4278667
28288764	1235	1245	acaricidal	T109,T131	C0303928
28288764	1246	1254	activity	T052	C0441655
28288764	1263	1281	Psoroptes cuniculi	T204	C0323662
28288764	1282	1290	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28288764	1298	1306	findings	T169	C2607943
28288764	1315	1323	evidence	T078	C3887511
28288764	1339	1349	acaricides	T109,T131	C0303928
28288764	1367	1375	medicine	T121	C0013227
28288764	1398	1411	essential oil	T109	C0028910
28288764	1416	1426	δ-cadinene	T109	C4278667
28288764	1444	1451	control	T169	C2587213
28288764	1452	1457	mites	T204	C0026231
28288764	1461	1470	livestock	T008	C2936506

28289065|t|Gleason grade grouping of prostate cancer is of prognostic value in Asian men
28289065|a|The International Society of Urological Pathology made recommendations for the use of Grade Groups (GG) originally described by Epstein and colleagues over Gleason score (GS) alone in 2014, which was subsequently adopted by the WHO classification in 2016. The majority of studies validating this revision have been in Caucasian populations. We therefore asked whether the new GG system was retrospectively associated with biochemical disease-free survival in a mixed-ethnicity cohort of Asian men. A total of 680 radical prostatectomies (RPs) from 2005 to 2014 were included. GS from initial biopsy and RP were compared and used to allocate cases to GG, defined as: 1 (GS ≤6); 2 (GS 3+4=7); 3 (GS 4+3=7); 4 (GS 4+4=8/5+3=8/3+5=8) and 5 (GS 9-10). Biochemical recurrence was defined as two consecutive post- RP prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of >0.2 ng/mL after post- RP PSA reaching the nadir of <0.1 ng/mL. Our data showed that Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant differences in biochemical recurrence within Gleason GG based on either biopsy or prostatectomy scoring. Multivariate analysis further confirmed that a higher GG was significantly associated with risk of biochemical recurrence. This GG system had a higher prognostic discrimination for both initial biopsy and RP than GS. Our study validates the use of the revised and updated GG system in a mixed-ethnicity population of Asian men. Higher GG was significantly associated with increased risk of biochemical recurrence. We therefore recommend its use to inform clinical management for patients with prostate cancer.
28289065	0	22	Gleason grade grouping	T185	C0332326
28289065	26	41	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28289065	48	64	prognostic value	T201	C1514474
28289065	68	73	Asian	T098	C0078988
28289065	74	77	men	T098	C0025266
28289065	82	127	International Society of Urological Pathology	T093	C1708333
28289065	164	176	Grade Groups	T185	C0332326
28289065	178	180	GG	T185	C0332326
28289065	206	213	Epstein	T170	C1547383
28289065	218	228	colleagues	T098	C0681088
28289065	234	247	Gleason score	T033	C3203027
28289065	249	251	GS	T033	C3203027
28289065	291	298	adopted	T033	C0425382
28289065	306	324	WHO classification	T185	C4267671
28289065	350	357	studies	T062	C2603343
28289065	374	382	revision	T079	C0439617
28289065	396	417	Caucasian populations	T098	C0043157
28289065	454	463	GG system	T185	C0332326
28289065	500	533	biochemical disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
28289065	539	554	mixed-ethnicity	T098	C0015031
28289065	555	561	cohort	T098	C0599755
28289065	565	570	Asian	T098	C0078988
28289065	571	574	men	T098	C0025266
28289065	591	614	radical prostatectomies	T061	C0194810
28289065	616	619	RPs	T061	C0194810
28289065	654	656	GS	T033	C3203027
28289065	670	676	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28289065	681	683	RP	T061	C0194810
28289065	719	724	cases	T169	C0868928
28289065	728	730	GG	T185	C0332326
28289065	747	749	GS	T033	C3203027
28289065	758	760	GS	T033	C3203027
28289065	772	774	GS	T033	C3203027
28289065	786	788	GS	T033	C3203027
28289065	815	817	GS	T033	C3203027
28289065	825	847	Biochemical recurrence	T033	C2985506
28289065	885	887	RP	T061	C0194810
28289065	888	913	prostate-specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28289065	915	918	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28289065	953	955	RP	T061	C0194810
28289065	956	959	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28289065	973	978	nadir	T080	C1708760
28289065	998	1002	data	T078	C1511726
28289065	1015	1036	Kaplan-Meier analysis	T081	C1720943
28289065	1073	1095	biochemical recurrence	T033	C2985506
28289065	1103	1113	Gleason GG	T185	C0332326
28289065	1130	1136	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28289065	1140	1153	prostatectomy	T061	C0033573
28289065	1154	1161	scoring	T081	C0449820
28289065	1163	1184	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28289065	1217	1219	GG	T185	C0332326
28289065	1254	1258	risk	T078	C0035647
28289065	1262	1284	biochemical recurrence	T033	C2985506
28289065	1291	1300	GG system	T185	C0332326
28289065	1314	1324	prognostic	T081	C0449821
28289065	1325	1339	discrimination	T169	C2945687
28289065	1357	1363	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28289065	1368	1370	RP	T061	C0194810
28289065	1376	1378	GS	T033	C3203027
28289065	1384	1389	study	T062	C2603343
28289065	1390	1399	validates	T062	C1519941
28289065	1415	1422	revised	T079	C0439617
28289065	1427	1434	updated	T079	C1519814
28289065	1435	1444	GG system	T185	C0332326
28289065	1450	1476	mixed-ethnicity population	T098	C0015031
28289065	1480	1485	Asian	T098	C0078988
28289065	1486	1489	men	T098	C0025266
28289065	1498	1500	GG	T185	C0332326
28289065	1545	1549	risk	T078	C0035647
28289065	1553	1575	biochemical recurrence	T033	C2985506
28289065	1618	1637	clinical management	T058	C1516615
28289065	1642	1650	patients	T101	C0030705
28289065	1656	1671	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139

28289091|t|Membrane nanoclusters of FcγRI segregate from inhibitory SIRPα upon activation of human macrophages
28289091|a|Signal integration between activating Fc receptors and inhibitory signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) controls macrophage phagocytosis. Here, using dual-color direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, we report that Fcγ receptor I (FcγRI), FcγRII, and SIRPα are not homogeneously distributed at macrophage surfaces but are organized in discrete nanoclusters, with a mean radius of 71 ± 11 nm, 60 ± 6 nm, and 48 ± 3 nm, respectively. Nanoclusters of FcγRI, but not FcγRII, are constitutively associated with nanoclusters of SIRPα, within 62 ± 5 nm, mediated by the actin cytoskeleton. Upon Fc receptor activation, Src-family kinase signaling leads to segregation of FcγRI and SIRPα nanoclusters to be 197 ± 3 nm apart. Co-ligation of SIRPα with CD47 abrogates nanocluster segregation. If the balance of signals favors activation, FcγRI nanoclusters reorganize into periodically spaced concentric rings. Thus, a nanometer - and micron-scale reorganization of activating and inhibitory receptors occurs at the surface of human macrophages concurrent with signal integration.
28289091	0	8	Membrane	T026	C3161472
28289091	9	21	nanoclusters	T081	C1704332
28289091	25	30	FcγRI	T116,T129,T192	C0123263
28289091	46	56	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28289091	57	62	SIRPα	T116,T192	C0671702
28289091	68	99	activation of human macrophages	T043	C2248379
28289091	100	118	Signal integration	T043	C0037083
28289091	127	137	activating	T052	C1879547
28289091	138	150	Fc receptors	T116,T129,T192	C0034805
28289091	155	165	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28289091	166	193	signal regulatory protein α	T116,T192	C0671702
28289091	195	200	SIRPα	T116,T192	C0671702
28289091	211	221	macrophage	T025	C0024432
28289091	222	234	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28289091	248	310	dual-color direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy	T059	C0430389
28289091	327	341	Fcγ receptor I	T116,T129,T192	C0123263
28289091	343	348	FcγRI	T116,T129,T192	C0123263
28289091	351	357	FcγRII	T116,T192	C0796385
28289091	363	368	SIRPα	T116,T192	C0671702
28289091	377	390	homogeneously	T080	C1881065
28289091	406	416	macrophage	T025	C0024432
28289091	417	425	surfaces	T026	C0699040
28289091	447	455	discrete	T080	C0443299
28289091	456	468	nanoclusters	T081	C1704332
28289091	544	556	Nanoclusters	T081	C1704332
28289091	560	565	FcγRI	T116,T129,T192	C0123263
28289091	575	581	FcγRII	T116,T192	C0796385
28289091	602	617	associated with	T080	C0332281
28289091	618	630	nanoclusters	T081	C1704332
28289091	634	639	SIRPα	T116,T192	C0671702
28289091	675	693	actin cytoskeleton	T026	C0025979
28289091	700	711	Fc receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0034805
28289091	712	722	activation	T043	C1514758
28289091	724	741	Src-family kinase	T116,T126	C0282625
28289091	742	751	signaling	T043	C1154413
28289091	776	781	FcγRI	T116,T129,T192	C0123263
28289091	786	791	SIRPα	T116,T192	C0671702
28289091	792	804	nanoclusters	T081	C1704332
28289091	829	840	Co-ligation	T044	C0314675
28289091	844	849	SIRPα	T116,T192	C0671702
28289091	855	859	CD47	T116,T129	C1506697
28289091	870	881	nanocluster	T081	C1704332
28289091	913	920	signals	T043	C0037083
28289091	928	938	activation	T052	C1879547
28289091	940	945	FcγRI	T116,T129,T192	C0123263
28289091	946	958	nanoclusters	T081	C1704332
28289091	959	969	reorganize	T078	C0680829
28289091	975	987	periodically	T079	C0332182
28289091	995	1011	concentric rings	T082	C1254362
28289091	1021	1030	nanometer	T081	C0439202
28289091	1037	1049	micron-scale	T081	C0439201
28289091	1050	1064	reorganization	T078	C0680829
28289091	1068	1078	activating	T052	C1879547
28289091	1083	1093	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28289091	1094	1103	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
28289091	1129	1146	human macrophages	T025	C0024432
28289091	1147	1157	concurrent	T079	C0205420
28289091	1163	1181	signal integration	T043	C0037083

28289109|t|Minding the Gap: Factors Associated With Primary Care Coordination of Adults in 11 Countries
28289109|a|Care coordination has been identified as a key strategy in improving the effectiveness, safety, and efficiency of the US health care system. Our objective was to determine whether population or health care system issues are associated with primary care coordination gaps in the United States and other high-income countries. We analyzed data from the 2013 Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy (IHP) survey with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Respondents were adult primary care patients from 11 countries: Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and the United States. Poor primary care coordination was defined as participants reporting at least 3 gaps in the coordination of care out of a maximum of 5. Analyses were based on 13,958 respondents. The rate of poor primary care coordination was 5.2% (724/13,958 respondents) overall and highest in the United States, at 9.8% (137/1,395 respondents). Multivariate regression analysis among all respondents found that they were less likely to experience poor primary care coordination if their primary care physician often or always knew their medical history, spent sufficient time, involved them, and explained things well (odds ratio = 0.6 for each). Poor primary care coordination was more likely to occur among patients with chronic conditions (odds ratios = 1.4-2.1 depending on number) and patients younger than 65 years (odds ratios = 1.6-2.3 depending on age-group). Among US respondents, insurance status, health status, household income, and sex were not associated with poor primary care coordination. The United States had the highest rate of poor primary care coordination among the 11 high-income countries evaluated. An established relationship with a primary care physician was significantly associated with better care coordination, whereas being chronically ill or younger was associated with poorer care coordination.
28289109	12	15	Gap	T033	C4277599
28289109	17	24	Factors	T169	C1521761
28289109	25	40	Associated With	T080	C0332281
28289109	41	66	Primary Care Coordination	T058	C3509247
28289109	70	76	Adults	T100	C0001675
28289109	83	92	Countries	T083	C0454664
28289109	93	110	Care coordination	T058	C3509247
28289109	152	161	improving	T080	C1272745
28289109	166	179	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28289109	181	187	safety	T068	C0036043
28289109	193	203	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28289109	211	213	US	T083	C0041703
28289109	214	232	health care system	T093	C0018696
28289109	238	247	objective	T170	C0018017
28289109	273	283	population	T081	C0032659
28289109	287	312	health care system issues	T033	C0497509
28289109	317	332	associated with	T080	C0332281
28289109	333	358	primary care coordination	T058	C3509247
28289109	359	363	gaps	T033	C4277599
28289109	371	384	United States	T083	C0041703
28289109	395	406	high-income	T033	C0948433
28289109	407	416	countries	T083	C0454664
28289109	449	507	Commonwealth Fund International Health Policy (IHP) survey	T170	C0038951
28289109	513	554	multivariate logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28289109	556	567	Respondents	T098	C0282122
28289109	573	591	adult primary care	T061	C1171177
28289109	592	600	patients	T101	C0030705
28289109	609	618	countries	T083	C0454664
28289109	620	629	Australia	T083	C0004340
28289109	631	637	Canada	T083	C0006823
28289109	639	645	France	T083	C0016674
28289109	647	654	Germany	T083	C0017480
28289109	660	671	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
28289109	673	684	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
28289109	686	692	Norway	T083	C0028423
28289109	694	700	Sweden	T083	C0038995
28289109	702	713	Switzerland	T083	C0039021
28289109	715	729	United Kingdom	T083	C0041700
28289109	739	752	United States	T083	C0041703
28289109	754	758	Poor	T080	C0542537
28289109	759	784	primary care coordination	T058	C3509247
28289109	800	812	participants	T098	C0679646
28289109	834	838	gaps	T033	C4277599
28289109	846	866	coordination of care	T058	C3509247
28289109	890	898	Analyses	T062	C0936012
28289109	920	931	respondents	T098	C0282122
28289109	937	941	rate	T081	C1521828
28289109	945	949	poor	T080	C0542537
28289109	950	975	primary care coordination	T058	C3509247
28289109	997	1008	respondents	T098	C0282122
28289109	1022	1029	highest	T080	C1522410
28289109	1037	1050	United States	T083	C0041703
28289109	1071	1082	respondents	T098	C0282122
28289109	1085	1117	Multivariate regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28289109	1128	1139	respondents	T098	C0282122
28289109	1187	1191	poor	T080	C0542537
28289109	1192	1217	primary care coordination	T058	C3509247
28289109	1227	1249	primary care physician	T097	C0033131
28289109	1277	1292	medical history	T033	C0262926
28289109	1359	1369	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28289109	1387	1391	Poor	T080	C0542537
28289109	1392	1417	primary care coordination	T058	C3509247
28289109	1449	1457	patients	T101	C0030705
28289109	1463	1481	chronic conditions	T033	C4315615
28289109	1483	1494	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28289109	1530	1538	patients	T101	C0030705
28289109	1562	1573	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28289109	1597	1606	age-group	T100	C0027362
28289109	1615	1629	US respondents	T098	C0282122
28289109	1631	1647	insurance status	T078	C0376629
28289109	1649	1662	health status	T080	C0018759
28289109	1664	1681	household income,	T033	C0557163
28289109	1686	1689	sex	T032	C0079399
28289109	1699	1714	associated with	T080	C0332281
28289109	1715	1719	poor	T080	C0542537
28289109	1720	1745	primary care coordination	T058	C3509247
28289109	1751	1764	United States	T083	C0041703
28289109	1773	1780	highest	T080	C1522410
28289109	1781	1785	rate	T081	C1521828
28289109	1789	1793	poor	T080	C0542537
28289109	1789	1819	poor primary care coordination	T058	C3509247
28289109	1833	1844	high-income	T098	C0019532
28289109	1845	1854	countries	T083	C0454664
28289109	1881	1893	relationship	T080	C0439849
28289109	1901	1923	primary care physician	T097	C0033131
28289109	1942	1957	associated with	T080	C0332281
28289109	1965	1982	care coordination	T058	C3509247
28289109	1998	2013	chronically ill	T047	C0008715
28289109	2029	2044	associated with	T080	C0332281
28289109	2045	2051	poorer	T080	C0542537
28289109	2052	2069	care coordination	T058	C3509247

28289130|t|Inhibition of ectopic microtubule assembly by the kinesin-13 KLP-7 prevents chromosome segregation and cytokinesis defects in oocytes
28289130|a|In most species, oocytes lack centrosomes. Accurate meiotic spindle assembly and chromosome segregation - essential to prevent miscarriage or developmental defects - thus occur through atypical mechanisms that are not well characterized. Using quantitative in vitro and in vivo functional assays in the C. elegans oocyte, we provide novel evidence that the kinesin-13 KLP-7 promotes destabilization of the whole cellular microtubule network. By counteracting ectopic microtubule assembly and disorganization of the microtubule network, this function is strictly required for spindle organization, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis in meiotic cells. Strikingly, when centrosome activity was experimentally reduced, the absence of KLP-7 or the mammalian kinesin-13 protein MCAK (KIF2C) also resulted in ectopic microtubule asters during mitosis in C. elegans zygotes or HeLa cells, respectively. Our results highlight the general function of kinesin-13 microtubule depolymerases in preventing ectopic, spontaneous microtubule assembly when centrosome activity is defective or absent, which would otherwise lead to spindle microtubule disorganization and aneuploidy.
28289130	0	10	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28289130	14	21	ectopic	T082	C0574895
28289130	22	42	microtubule assembly	T043	C1156032
28289130	50	66	kinesin-13 KLP-7	T116,T126	C1609150
28289130	67	75	prevents	T169	C1292733
28289130	76	98	chromosome segregation	T045	C0598175
28289130	103	114	cytokinesis	T043	C0010813
28289130	115	122	defects	T169	C1457869
28289130	126	133	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28289130	142	149	species	T185	C1705920
28289130	151	158	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28289130	164	175	centrosomes	T026	C0242608
28289130	186	210	meiotic spindle assembly	T043	C1522733
28289130	215	237	chromosome segregation	T045	C0598175
28289130	240	249	essential	T080	C0205224
28289130	253	260	prevent	T169	C1292733
28289130	261	272	miscarriage	T046	C0000786
28289130	276	297	developmental defects	T019	C0000768
28289130	319	327	atypical	T080	C0205182
28289130	328	338	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28289130	357	370	characterized	T052	C1880022
28289130	378	390	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28289130	391	399	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28289130	404	411	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28289130	412	422	functional	T169	C0205245
28289130	423	429	assays	T059	C0005507
28289130	437	447	C. elegans	T204	C0162610
28289130	448	454	oocyte	T025	C0029045
28289130	459	466	provide	T052	C1999230
28289130	473	481	evidence	T078	C3887511
28289130	491	507	kinesin-13 KLP-7	T116,T126	C1609150
28289130	508	516	promotes	T052	C0033414
28289130	517	532	destabilization	T043	C1622120
28289130	546	554	cellular	T025	C0007634
28289130	555	574	microtubule network	T026	C0026046
28289130	593	600	ectopic	T082	C0574895
28289130	601	621	microtubule assembly	T043	C1156032
28289130	626	641	disorganization	T033	C4061689
28289130	649	668	microtubule network	T026	C0026046
28289130	675	683	function	T169	C0542341
28289130	709	729	spindle organization	T043	C1522765
28289130	731	753	chromosome segregation	T045	C0598175
28289130	758	769	cytokinesis	T043	C0010813
28289130	773	786	meiotic cells	T025	C0230525
28289130	805	815	centrosome	T026	C0242608
28289130	816	824	activity	T052	C0441655
28289130	829	843	experimentally	T062	C0681814
28289130	844	851	reduced	T080	C0392756
28289130	857	864	absence	T190	C1689985
28289130	868	873	KLP-7	T116,T126	C1609150
28289130	881	890	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28289130	891	914	kinesin-13 protein MCAK	T116	C3537349
28289130	916	921	KIF2C	T116	C3537349
28289130	928	936	resulted	T169	C0332294
28289130	940	947	ectopic	T082	C0574895
28289130	948	966	microtubule asters	T026	C1166784
28289130	974	981	mitosis	T043	C0026255
28289130	985	995	C. elegans	T204	C0162610
28289130	996	1003	zygotes	T018	C0043544
28289130	1007	1017	HeLa cells	T025	C0018873
28289130	1037	1044	results	T033	C0683954
28289130	1059	1075	general function	T038	C3714634
28289130	1079	1115	kinesin-13 microtubule depolymerases	T116,T126	C1609150
28289130	1119	1129	preventing	T169	C1292733
28289130	1130	1137	ectopic	T082	C0574895
28289130	1139	1150	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28289130	1151	1171	microtubule assembly	T043	C1156032
28289130	1177	1187	centrosome	T026	C0242608
28289130	1188	1196	activity	T052	C0441655
28289130	1200	1209	defective	T169	C0332452
28289130	1213	1219	absent	T169	C0332197
28289130	1251	1270	spindle microtubule	T026	C1166783
28289130	1271	1286	disorganization	T033	C4061689
28289130	1291	1301	aneuploidy	T049	C0002938

28289872|t|Criteria sets for primary Sjogren's syndrome are not adequate for those presenting with extraglandular organ involvements as their dominant clinical features
28289872|a|Patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) may go undiagnosed or be misclassified due to the insidious nature and wide spectrum of the disease. The available several classification criteria emphasize glandular findings. We aimed to analyze the efficiency of various classification criteria sets in patients diagnosed on the clinical basis by expert opinion and to compare those pSS patients who fulfilled these criteria with those who did not. This is a multicenter study in which 834 patients from 22 university-based rheumatology clinics are included. Diagnosis of pSS was made on the clinical basis by the expert opinion. In this study, we only interviewed patients once and collected available data from the medical records. The European criteria, American-European Consensus Group (AECG) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Sjogren's criteria were applied. Majority of the patients were women (F/M was 20/1). The median duration from the first pSS-related symptom to diagnosis was significantly shorter in men (2.5 ± 2.3 vs 4.3 ± 5.9 years) (p = 0 < 0.016). When the European, AECG and ACR Sjogren's criteria were applied, 666 patients (79.9%) satisfied at least one of them. In total, 539 patients (64.4%) satisfied the European, 439 (52.6%) satisfied the AECG, and 359 (43%) satisfied the ACR criteria. Among the entire group, 250 patients (29.9%) satisfied all and 168 (20.1%) met none of the criteria. The rates of extraglandular organ involvements were not different between patients who met at least one of the criteria sets and those who met none. There is an urgent need for the modification of the pSS criteria sets to prevent exclusion of patients with extraglandular involvements as the dominant clinical features.
28289872	0	8	Criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	9	13	sets	T077	C1705195
28289872	18	44	primary Sjogren's syndrome	T047	C0151449
28289872	53	61	adequate	T080	C0205411
28289872	88	102	extraglandular	T082	C1254362
28289872	103	108	organ	T023	C0178784
28289872	109	121	involvements	T169	C0205428
28289872	131	157	dominant clinical features	T033	C0243095
28289872	158	166	Patients	T101	C0030705
28289872	172	198	primary Sjogren's syndrome	T047	C0151449
28289872	200	203	pSS	T047	C0151449
28289872	212	223	undiagnosed	T033	C1408353
28289872	255	271	insidious nature	T079	C1298634
28289872	276	289	wide spectrum	T077	C2827424
28289872	297	304	disease	T047	C0012634
28289872	328	342	classification	T185	C0008902
28289872	343	351	criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	362	371	glandular	T023	C1285092
28289872	372	380	findings	T033	C0243095
28289872	394	401	analyze	T062	C0936012
28289872	406	416	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28289872	428	442	classification	T185	C0008902
28289872	443	451	criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	452	456	sets	T169	C0205428
28289872	460	468	patients	T101	C0030705
28289872	469	478	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28289872	486	500	clinical basis	T062	C0008976
28289872	504	518	expert opinion	T077	C0600219
28289872	540	543	pSS	T047	C0151449
28289872	544	552	patients	T101	C0030705
28289872	573	581	criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	616	633	multicenter study	T062	C1096776
28289872	647	655	patients	T101	C0030705
28289872	664	701	university-based rheumatology clinics	T073,T093	C3812871
28289872	716	725	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28289872	729	732	pSS	T047	C0151449
28289872	749	763	clinical basis	T062	C0008976
28289872	771	785	expert opinion	T077	C0600219
28289872	795	800	study	T062	C2603343
28289872	810	830	interviewed patients	T058	C0683518
28289872	860	864	data	T078	C1511726
28289872	874	889	medical records	T170	C0025102
28289872	895	912	European criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	914	947	American-European Consensus Group	T170	C0679228
28289872	949	953	AECG	T170	C0679228
28289872	959	1016	American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Sjogren's criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	1031	1039	Majority	T054	C0680220
28289872	1047	1055	patients	T101	C0030705
28289872	1061	1066	women	T098	C0043210
28289872	1094	1102	duration	T079	C0449238
28289872	1118	1129	pSS-related	T047	C0151449
28289872	1130	1137	symptom	T184	C1457887
28289872	1141	1150	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28289872	1180	1183	men	T098	C0025266
28289872	1208	1213	years	T079	C0439234
28289872	1241	1249	European	T170	C0679228
28289872	1251	1255	AECG	T170	C0679228
28289872	1260	1282	ACR Sjogren's criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	1301	1309	patients	T101	C0030705
28289872	1364	1372	patients	T101	C0030705
28289872	1395	1403	European	T170	C0679228
28289872	1431	1435	AECG	T170	C0679228
28289872	1465	1477	ACR criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	1496	1501	group	T078	C0441833
28289872	1507	1515	patients	T101	C0030705
28289872	1570	1578	criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	1593	1607	extraglandular	T082	C1254362
28289872	1608	1613	organ	T023	C0178784
28289872	1614	1626	involvements	T169	C0205428
28289872	1654	1662	patients	T101	C0030705
28289872	1691	1699	criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	1700	1704	sets	T169	C0205428
28289872	1761	1773	modification	T033	C3840684
28289872	1781	1784	pSS	T047	C0151449
28289872	1785	1793	criteria	T170	C0679228
28289872	1794	1798	sets	T169	C0205428
28289872	1810	1819	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28289872	1823	1831	patients	T101	C0030705
28289872	1837	1851	extraglandular	T082	C1254362
28289872	1852	1864	involvements	T169	C0205428
28289872	1872	1898	dominant clinical features	T033	C0243095

28289914|t|Firecracker eye exposure: experimental study and simulation
28289914|a|Understanding the mechanisms of traumatic ocular injury is helpful to make accurate diagnoses before the symptoms emerge and to develop specific eye protection. The comprehension of the dynamics of primary blast injury mechanisms is a challenging issue. The question is whether the pressure wave propagation and reflection alone could cause ocular damage. To date, there are dissenting opinions and no conclusive evidence thereupon. A previous numerical investigation of blast trauma highlighted the dynamic effect of pressure propagation and its amplification by the geometry of the bony orbit, inducing a resonance cavity effect and a standing wave hazardous for eye tissues. The objective of the current work is to find experimental evidence of the numerically identified phenomenon. Therefore, tests aimed at evaluating the response of porcine eyes to blast overpressure generated by firecrackers explosion were performed. The orbital cavity effect was considered mounting the enucleated eyes inside a dummy orbit. The experimental measurements obtained during the explosion tests presented in this paper corroborate the numerical evidence of a high-frequency pressure amplification, enhancing the loading on the ocular tissues, attributable to the orbital bony walls surrounding the eye.
28289914	0	11	Firecracker	T073	C0336696
28289914	12	24	eye exposure	T033	C3544170
28289914	26	44	experimental study	T062	C0681814
28289914	49	59	simulation	T062	C0679083
28289914	78	88	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28289914	92	101	traumatic	T169	C0332663
28289914	102	115	ocular injury	T037	C0015408
28289914	135	143	accurate	T080	C0443131
28289914	144	153	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28289914	165	173	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28289914	205	219	eye protection	T073	C3826373
28289914	225	238	comprehension	T041	C0162340
28289914	246	254	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28289914	258	265	primary	T080	C0205225
28289914	266	278	blast injury	T037	C0005700
28289914	279	289	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28289914	307	312	issue	T033	C0033213
28289914	342	350	pressure	T067	C0033095
28289914	351	355	wave	T070	C0678544
28289914	356	367	propagation	T067	C1254366
28289914	372	382	reflection	T081	C4054089
28289914	395	400	cause	T078	C0085978
28289914	401	414	ocular damage	T033	C4061128
28289914	435	445	dissenting	T054	C0012742
28289914	446	454	opinions	T041	C0871010
28289914	462	472	conclusive	T080	C2828146
28289914	473	481	evidence	T078	C3887511
28289914	504	527	numerical investigation	T058	C0220825
28289914	531	536	blast	T070	C0337026
28289914	537	543	trauma	T037	C3714660
28289914	560	567	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28289914	568	574	effect	T080	C1280500
28289914	578	586	pressure	T067	C0033095
28289914	587	598	propagation	T067	C1254366
28289914	607	620	amplification	T067	C1521871
28289914	628	636	geometry	T090	C0449829
28289914	644	654	bony orbit	T023	C1266926
28289914	656	664	inducing	T169	C0205263
28289914	667	676	resonance	T070	C0459800
28289914	677	683	cavity	T030	C0029180
28289914	684	690	effect	T080	C1280500
28289914	697	710	standing wave	T070	C0678544
28289914	711	720	hazardous	T080	C0337044
28289914	725	728	eye	T023	C0015392
28289914	729	736	tissues	T024	C0040300
28289914	783	795	experimental	T080	C1517586
28289914	796	804	evidence	T078	C3887511
28289914	812	823	numerically	T081	C0243174
28289914	824	834	identified	T080	C0205396
28289914	835	845	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28289914	858	863	tests	T170	C0392366
28289914	873	883	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28289914	888	896	response	T032	C0871261
28289914	900	907	porcine	T015	C3665571
28289914	908	912	eyes	T023	C0015392
28289914	916	921	blast	T070	C0337026
28289914	922	934	overpressure	T067	C0033095
28289914	948	960	firecrackers	T073	C0336696
28289914	961	970	explosion	T067	C0015329
28289914	976	985	performed	T169	C0884358
28289914	991	1005	orbital cavity	T030	C0029180
28289914	1006	1012	effect	T080	C1280500
28289914	1041	1056	enucleated eyes	T037	C1396718
28289914	1072	1077	orbit	T030	C0029180
28289914	1083	1095	experimental	T080	C1517586
28289914	1096	1108	measurements	T169	C0242485
28289914	1109	1117	obtained	T169	C1301820
28289914	1129	1138	explosion	T067	C0015329
28289914	1139	1144	tests	T170	C0392366
28289914	1163	1168	paper	T170	C0282420
28289914	1169	1180	corroborate	T080	C1456348
28289914	1185	1203	numerical evidence	T078	C3887511
28289914	1209	1223	high-frequency	T079	C0205212
28289914	1224	1232	pressure	T067	C0033095
28289914	1233	1246	amplification	T067	C1521871
28289914	1248	1257	enhancing	T052	C2349975
28289914	1277	1283	ocular	T023	C0015392
28289914	1284	1291	tissues	T024	C0040300
28289914	1293	1305	attributable	T041	C0596130
28289914	1313	1331	orbital bony walls	T029	C4243627
28289914	1348	1351	eye	T023	C0015392

28290106|t|A Head-to-Head Comparison of UK SF-6D and Thai and UK EQ-5D-5L Value Sets in Thai Patients with Chronic Diseases
28290106|a|Little was known about the head-to-head comparison of psychometric properties between SF-6D and EQ-5D-5L or the different value sets of EQ-5D-5L. Therefore, this study set out to compare the psychometric properties including agreement, convergent, and known-group validity between the SF-6D and the EQ-5D-5L using the real value sets from Thailand and the UK in patients with chronic diseases. 356 adults taking a medication for at least 3 months were identified from a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, between July 2014 and March 2015. Agreement was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman plots. Convergent validity was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between SF-6D and EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS and SF-12v2. For known-groups validity, the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to examine the associations between SF-6D and EQ-5D-5L and patient characteristics. Agreement s between the SF-6D and the EQ-5D-5L using Thai and UK value sets were fair, with ICCs of 0.45 and 0.49, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed that the majority of the SF-6D index scores were lower than the EQ-5D-5L index scores. Both the EQ-5D-5L value sets were more related to the EQ-VAS and physical health, while the SF-6D was more associated with mental health. Both EQ-5D-5L value sets were more sensitive than the SF-6D in discriminating patients with different levels of more known groups except for adverse drug reactions. The SF-6D and both EQ-5D-5L value sets appeared to be valid but sensitive to different outcomes in Thai patients with chronic diseases.
28290106	29	31	UK	T083	C0041700
28290106	32	37	SF-6D	T170	C3827843
28290106	42	46	Thai	T083	C0039725
28290106	51	53	UK	T083	C0041700
28290106	54	73	EQ-5D-5L Value Sets	T170	C3827843
28290106	77	81	Thai	T083	C0039725
28290106	82	90	Patients	T101	C0030705
28290106	96	112	Chronic Diseases	T047	C0008679
28290106	167	190	psychometric properties	T060	C0033920
28290106	199	204	SF-6D	T170	C3827843
28290106	209	217	EQ-5D-5L	T170	C3827843
28290106	235	245	value sets	T170	C3827843
28290106	249	257	EQ-5D-5L	T170	C3827843
28290106	304	327	psychometric properties	T060	C0033920
28290106	338	347	agreement	T054	C0680240
28290106	398	403	SF-6D	T170	C3827843
28290106	412	420	EQ-5D-5L	T170	C3827843
28290106	431	446	real value sets	T170	C3827843
28290106	452	460	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28290106	469	471	UK	T083	C0041700
28290106	475	483	patients	T101	C0030705
28290106	489	505	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28290106	527	537	medication	T121	C0013227
28290106	583	602	university hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28290106	606	623	Bangkok, Thailand	T083	C0039725
28290106	659	668	Agreement	T054	C0680240
28290106	685	727	intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs)	T081	C0392762
28290106	732	750	Bland-Altman plots	UnknownType	C0683961
28290106	776	785	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28290106	792	832	Spearman's rank correlation coefficients	T081	C0242929
28290106	841	846	SF-6D	T170	C3827843
28290106	851	859	EQ-5D-5L	T170	C3827843
28290106	864	870	EQ-VAS	T170	C3827843
28290106	875	882	SF-12v2	T170	C3827843
28290106	915	934	Mann-Whitney U test	T081	C0242927
28290106	939	958	Kruskal-Wallis test	T170	C1708614
28290106	1005	1010	SF-6D	T170	C3827843
28290106	1015	1023	EQ-5D-5L	T170	C3827843
28290106	1028	1035	patient	T101	C0030705
28290106	1053	1062	Agreement	T054	C0680240
28290106	1077	1082	SF-6D	T170	C3827843
28290106	1091	1099	EQ-5D-5L	T170	C3827843
28290106	1106	1110	Thai	T083	C0039725
28290106	1115	1117	UK	T083	C0041700
28290106	1118	1128	value sets	T170	C3827843
28290106	1145	1149	ICCs	T081	C0392762
28290106	1182	1200	Bland-Altman plots	UnknownType	C0683961
28290106	1233	1238	SF-6D	T170	C3827843
28290106	1239	1251	index scores	T170	C0918012
28290106	1272	1280	EQ-5D-5L	T170	C3827843
28290106	1281	1293	index scores	T170	C0918012
28290106	1304	1323	EQ-5D-5L value sets	T170	C3827843
28290106	1349	1355	EQ-VAS	T170	C3827843
28290106	1360	1375	physical health	T033	C0517226
28290106	1387	1392	SF-6D	T170	C3827843
28290106	1402	1417	associated with	T080	C0332281
28290106	1418	1431	mental health	T041	C0025353
28290106	1438	1457	EQ-5D-5L value sets	T170	C3827843
28290106	1468	1477	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28290106	1487	1492	SF-6D	T170	C3827843
28290106	1511	1519	patients	T101	C0030705
28290106	1574	1596	adverse drug reactions	T046	C0041755
28290106	1602	1607	SF-6D	T170	C3827843
28290106	1617	1636	EQ-5D-5L value sets	T170	C3827843
28290106	1662	1671	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28290106	1697	1701	Thai	T083	C0039725
28290106	1702	1710	patients	T101	C0030705
28290106	1716	1732	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679

28290961|t|KCNQ1 Gene Variants in Large Asymptomatic Populations: Considerations for Genomic Screening of Military Cohorts
28290961|a|The advances in genomic technology of large populations make the potential for genomic screening of military cohorts and recruits feasible, affording the potential to identify at-risk individuals before occurrence of potentially life-threatening events. Exploring sudden cardiac death, known to cause significant morbidity and mortality in young military service members, we focused on the most common gene associated with long QT syndrome (LQTS), KCNQ1. Using the publicly available database Exome Aggregation Consortium as a surrogate for a military population, variants in KCNQ1 were filtered on the basis of population prevalence, classification as a disease mutation in the Human Gene Mutation database, and classification as pathogenic or likely pathogenic in the ClinVar database. Variant prevalence and penetrance estimates were derived using reports from the medical literature. We showed that in a population of over 60,000 individuals, at least 97 (0.2%) individuals would harbor a potentially pathogenic mutation in KCNQ1, which is more prevalent than expected on the basis of current medical literature (p = 0.0004). KCNQ1 variant penetrance was estimated to be only 9% to 17%. Identifying the importance of large genomic studies, our study demonstrates that 46% of pathogenic mutations in KCNQ1 had a population frequency of less than 1:50,000. Screening a large database with genomic screening for a condition that is relevant to active duty service members results in the identification of many individuals with potentially pathogenic mutations in the KCNQ1 gene, which has profound implications for screening military or other adult cohorts in terms of over diagnosis, overtreatment, and increased medical resource usage. This study of KCNQ1 provides a platform for consideration of other genes that cause sudden cardiac death as well as other medically actionable hereditary disorders for which genomic screening is available. We review the potential benefits of genomic screening and also present the complex hurdles that will be encountered as such technologies unfold.
28290961	0	10	KCNQ1 Gene	T028	C1416612
28290961	74	91	Genomic Screening	T061	C2349866
28290961	95	111	Military Cohorts	T097	C1550414
28290961	128	167	genomic technology of large populations	T090	C0017404
28290961	191	208	genomic screening	T061	C2349866
28290961	212	228	military cohorts	T097	C1550414
28290961	279	307	identify at-risk individuals	T061	C0679809
28290961	341	364	life-threatening events	T033	C1517874
28290961	376	396	sudden cardiac death	T046	C0085298
28290961	425	434	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28290961	439	448	mortality	T081	C0205848
28290961	458	482	military service members	T097	C1550414
28290961	514	518	gene	T028	C0017337
28290961	535	551	long QT syndrome	T047	C0023976
28290961	553	557	LQTS	T047	C0023976
28290961	560	565	KCNQ1	T028	C1416612
28290961	596	633	database Exome Aggregation Consortium	T170	C0242356
28290961	639	648	surrogate	T170	C3161035
28290961	655	674	military population	T097	C1550414
28290961	676	684	variants	T028	C0678941
28290961	688	693	KCNQ1	T028	C1416612
28290961	724	734	population	T098	C1257890
28290961	735	745	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28290961	791	819	Human Gene Mutation database	T170	C0242356
28290961	843	853	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
28290961	857	874	likely pathogenic	T033	C4264624
28290961	882	898	ClinVar database	T170	C4284361
28290961	923	933	penetrance	T081	C0524899
28290961	963	998	reports from the medical literature	T170	C2347953
28290961	1020	1030	population	T098	C1257890
28290961	1046	1057	individuals	T098	C0027361
28290961	1078	1089	individuals	T098	C0027361
28290961	1117	1127	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
28290961	1128	1136	mutation	T045	C0596611
28290961	1140	1145	KCNQ1	T028	C1416612
28290961	1209	1227	medical literature	T170	C0023866
28290961	1242	1247	KCNQ1	T028	C1416612
28290961	1256	1266	penetrance	T081	C0524899
28290961	1339	1354	genomic studies	T091	C0887950
28290961	1415	1420	KCNQ1	T028	C1416612
28290961	1427	1437	population	T098	C1257890
28290961	1489	1497	database	T170	C0242356
28290961	1503	1520	genomic screening	T061	C2349866
28290961	1564	1584	duty service members	T097	C1550414
28290961	1623	1634	individuals	T098	C0027361
28290961	1652	1662	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
28290961	1663	1672	mutations	T045	C0596611
28290961	1680	1690	KCNQ1 gene	T028	C1416612
28290961	1738	1746	military	T097	C1550414
28290961	1756	1761	adult	T100	C0001675
28290961	1787	1796	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28290961	1798	1811	overtreatment	T058	C4046039
28290961	1827	1843	medical resource	T058	C0199168
28290961	1865	1870	KCNQ1	T028	C1416612
28290961	1918	1923	genes	T028	C0017337
28290961	1935	1955	sudden cardiac death	T046	C0085298
28290961	1994	2014	hereditary disorders	T047	C0019247
28290961	2025	2042	genomic screening	T061	C2349866
28290961	2093	2110	genomic screening	T061	C2349866
28290961	2181	2193	technologies	T090	C0039421

28291473|t|Physiological Impact of Platelet Apheresis in Pigs: Oxygen Metabolism and Coagulation
28291473|a|Platelet apheresis is a routine clinical practice, but the physiological impact on the donors has been incompletely characterized. This study measured the effects of platelet apheresis on hemodynamics, oxygen metabolism, and coagulation in pigs to assess its impact before employing the animals in experimental studies. Forty pigs (39.8 ± 0.6 kg) were anesthetized and catheterized with an apheresis catheter in the femoral vein. During the platelet apheresis process, blood was withdrawn from the pig to separate platelets, and the remaining red blood cells and plasma returned back to the pigs, using the Haemonetics MCS+9000 system. A total of 12 cycles of blood withdrawn and return were performed during the entire apheresis procedure to reduce platelet counts to a target of 50% of baseline. During the process, hemodynamics was recorded in each cycle. Blood samples were collected before and after apheresis to assess changes in oxygen metabolism and coagulation by prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (STA-R Evolution Stago), and using Rotem thrombelastometry, and platelet aggregation using a Chrono-Log 700 aggregometer. During each cycle of the apheresis, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was decreased and heart rate was increased by blood withdrawal, but both recovered after blood return. On the completion of the apheresis, platelet count decreased from baseline 345 ± 15 10(9)/L to 141 ± 14 10(9)/L and fibrinogen levels were reduced from 124 ± 5 to 99 ± 4 mg/dL (both p < 0.05). Although oxygen delivery remained unchanged, oxygen consumption was decreased from 4.0 ± 0.2 to 3.2 ± 0.0 mL O2/kg/min (p < 0.05). Rotem alpha (clotting speed) decreased from 79 ± 0 to 69 ± 1° and maximum clot firmness (MCF or clot strength) decreased from 71 ± 1 to 57 ± 1 mm (both p < 0.05). No changes were observed in prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time. Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid or collagen was decreased to 28 ± 6% or 71 ± 3% of baseline values (p < 0.05), respectively. Platelet apheresis caused significant fluctuations in hemodynamics, reduced oxygen consumption, in addition to the compromised platelet aggregation and clotting function expected. The observations warrant consideration in humans undergoing apheresis over extended periods.
28291473	0	20	Physiological Impact	T039	C1372798
28291473	24	42	Platelet Apheresis	T061	C0032202
28291473	46	50	Pigs	T015	C0039005
28291473	52	69	Oxygen Metabolism	T043	C3156653
28291473	74	85	Coagulation	T042	C0005778
28291473	86	104	Platelet apheresis	T061	C0032202
28291473	110	135	routine clinical practice	T058	C1516623
28291473	145	165	physiological impact	T039	C1372798
28291473	173	179	donors	T098	C0013018
28291473	202	215	characterized	T052	C1880022
28291473	222	227	study	T062	C0008972
28291473	241	248	effects	T080	C1280500
28291473	252	270	platelet apheresis	T061	C0032202
28291473	274	286	hemodynamics	T042	C0019010
28291473	288	305	oxygen metabolism	T043	C3156653
28291473	311	322	coagulation	T042	C0005778
28291473	326	330	pigs	T015	C0039005
28291473	345	351	impact	T080	C1280500
28291473	373	380	animals	T008	C0003062
28291473	384	404	experimental studies	T062	C0681814
28291473	412	416	pigs	T015	C0039005
28291473	438	450	anesthetized	T061	C0002903
28291473	455	467	catheterized	T061	C0007430
28291473	476	485	apheresis	T061	C0005791
28291473	486	494	catheter	T074	C0085590
28291473	502	514	femoral vein	T023	C0015809
28291473	527	545	platelet apheresis	T061	C0032202
28291473	555	574	blood was withdrawn	T060	C0005834
28291473	584	587	pig	T015	C0039005
28291473	591	599	separate	T059	C0007616
28291473	600	609	platelets	T025	C0005821
28291473	629	644	red blood cells	T025	C0014792
28291473	649	655	plasma	T031	C0032105
28291473	677	681	pigs	T015	C0039005
28291473	806	825	apheresis procedure	T061	C0005791
28291473	829	835	reduce	T080	C0392756
28291473	836	851	platelet counts	T059	C0032181
28291473	874	882	baseline	T081	C1442488
28291473	904	916	hemodynamics	T042	C0019010
28291473	938	943	cycle	T079	C1511572
28291473	945	958	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
28291473	991	1000	apheresis	T061	C0005791
28291473	1011	1018	changes	T169	C0392747
28291473	1022	1039	oxygen metabolism	T043	C3156653
28291473	1044	1055	coagulation	T042	C0005778
28291473	1059	1075	prothrombin time	T059	C0033707
28291473	1077	1114	activated partial thromboplastin time	T059	C0030605
28291473	1116	1137	STA-R Evolution Stago	T074	C0179997
28291473	1150	1173	Rotem thrombelastometry	T059	C0040017
28291473	1179	1199	platelet aggregation	T043	C0032176
28291473	1208	1235	Chrono-Log 700 aggregometer	T074	C0178980
28291473	1249	1254	cycle	T079	C1511572
28291473	1262	1271	apheresis	T061	C0005791
28291473	1273	1295	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
28291473	1297	1300	MAP	T033	C0428886
28291473	1306	1315	decreased	T080	C0392756
28291473	1320	1330	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28291473	1335	1344	increased	T081	C0205217
28291473	1348	1353	blood	T031	C0005767
28291473	1354	1364	withdrawal	T052	C2349954
28291473	1391	1396	blood	T031	C0005767
28291473	1397	1403	return	T080	C0332156
28291473	1430	1439	apheresis	T061	C0005791
28291473	1441	1465	platelet count decreased	T033	C0392386
28291473	1471	1479	baseline	T081	C1442488
28291473	1521	1538	fibrinogen levels	T034	C1318051
28291473	1544	1551	reduced	T080	C0392756
28291473	1607	1622	oxygen delivery	T201	C0429622
28291473	1632	1641	unchanged	T033	C0442739
28291473	1643	1661	oxygen consumption	T201	C0030055
28291473	1666	1675	decreased	T080	C0392756
28291473	1729	1740	Rotem alpha	T033	C2585389
28291473	1742	1756	clotting speed	T034	C2266672
28291473	1758	1767	decreased	T080	C0392756
28291473	1795	1816	maximum clot firmness	T059	C2361201
28291473	1818	1821	MCF	T059	C2361201
28291473	1825	1838	clot strength	T059	C3259777
28291473	1840	1849	decreased	T080	C0392756
28291473	1892	1902	No changes	T033	C0442739
28291473	1920	1936	prothrombin time	T033	C1533047
28291473	1940	1977	activated partial thromboplastin time	T034	C1318441
28291473	1979	1999	Platelet aggregation	T043	C0032176
28291473	2011	2027	arachidonic acid	T109	C0003695
28291473	2031	2039	collagen	T116	C0009325
28291473	2044	2053	decreased	T080	C0392756
28291473	2079	2094	baseline values	T081	C1442488
28291473	2121	2139	Platelet apheresis	T061	C0032202
28291473	2159	2171	fluctuations	T079	C0231241
28291473	2175	2187	hemodynamics	T042	C0019010
28291473	2189	2215	reduced oxygen consumption	T033	C1167679
28291473	2248	2268	platelet aggregation	T043	C0032176
28291473	2273	2290	clotting function	T039	C1328723
28291473	2305	2317	observations	T062	C0302523
28291473	2343	2349	humans	T016	C0086418
28291473	2361	2370	apheresis	T061	C0005791

28292240|t|Bioactive Metabolites from Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungi of Forest Trees
28292240|a|Fungi play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems interacting positively or negatively with plants. These interactions are complex and the outcomes are different depending on the fungal lifestyles, saprotrophic, mutualistic or pathogenic. Furthermore, fungi are well known for producing secondary metabolites, originating from different biosynthetic pathways, which possess biological properties of considerable biotechnological interest. Among the terrestrial ecosystems, temperate forests represent an enormous reservoir of fungal diversity. This review will highlight the goldmine of secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic and endophytic fungi of forest trees with focus on their biological activities.
28292240	0	21	Bioactive Metabolites	T123	C0870883
28292240	27	37	Pathogenic	T004	C3826297
28292240	42	52	Endophytic	T033	C3842357
28292240	53	58	Fungi	T004	C0016832
28292240	62	68	Forest	T070	C0086312
28292240	69	74	Trees	T002	C0040811
28292240	75	80	Fungi	T004	C0016832
28292240	107	129	terrestrial ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28292240	172	178	plants	T002	C0032098
28292240	186	198	interactions	T169	C1704675
28292240	203	210	complex	T080	C0439855
28292240	259	265	fungal	T004	C0016832
28292240	266	276	lifestyles	T054	C0023676
28292240	278	290	saprotrophic	T001	C0562637
28292240	292	303	mutualistic	T070	C0599514
28292240	307	317	pathogenic	T032	C1136169
28292240	332	337	fungi	T004	C0016832
28292240	367	388	secondary metabolites	T123	C0870883
28292240	417	438	biosynthetic pathways	T044	C1721101
28292240	454	464	biological	T091	C0005532
28292240	465	475	properties	T080	C0871161
28292240	492	508	biotechnological	T091	C0005574
28292240	529	551	terrestrial ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28292240	553	570	temperate forests	T070	C0086312
28292240	593	602	reservoir	T083	C0442537
28292240	606	612	fungal	T004	C0016832
28292240	613	622	diversity	T080	C0282469
28292240	667	688	secondary metabolites	T123	C0870883
28292240	701	711	pathogenic	T004	C3826297
28292240	716	726	endophytic	T033	C3842357
28292240	727	732	fungi	T004	C0016832
28292240	736	742	forest	T070	C0086312
28292240	743	748	trees	T002	C0040811
28292240	769	779	biological	T091	C0005532
28292240	780	790	activities	T052	C0441655

28292338|t|Antibacterial Effect of Calcium Hydroxide With or Without Chlorhexidine as Intracanal Dressing in Primary Teeth With Apical Periodontitis
28292338|a|The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo the antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) dressings, with or without chlorhexidine (CHX), on human primary teeth with apical periodontitis. Forty root canals in 40 children were selected. A first microbiological sample was obtained after coronal opening, and the teeth were randomly assigned to Group 1 (root canals filled with CH paste) and Group 2 (CH paste plus 1.0 percent CHX). After 30 days, the dressing was removed and the canals were allowed to remain empty for 72 hours. Subsequently, the second microbiological sample was collected. After performing microbiological tests, the data were subjected to statistical analysis to compare the two CH dressings regarding reducing the absolute levels of microorganisms and with respect to total microbial elimination. All analyses were performed with a significance level of five percent. Both CH dressings provided a significant reduction in the number of microorganisms (anaerobic, aerobic, black-pigmented bacilli, streptococci and Streptococcus mutans) in a similar way (P>0.05). However, in terms of complete elimination of microbiota, CH paste alone exhibited greater efficacy (P<0.05). The addition of chlorhexidine did not provide additional antimicrobial benefits compared with pure calcium hydroxide paste as an intracanal dressing in primary teeth with apical periodontitis.
28292338	0	20	Antibacterial Effect	T033	C0243095
28292338	24	41	Calcium Hydroxide	T121,T197	C0006701
28292338	42	46	With	T080	C1883357
28292338	50	57	Without	T080	C0332288
28292338	58	71	Chlorhexidine	T109,T121	C0008196
28292338	75	94	Intracanal Dressing	T061	C0398986
28292338	98	111	Primary Teeth	T023	C3266841
28292338	117	137	Apical Periodontitis	T047	C0031030
28292338	180	187	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28292338	192	205	antibacterial	T195	C0279516
28292338	206	212	effect	T080	C1280500
28292338	216	233	calcium hydroxide	T121,T197	C0006701
28292338	235	237	CH	T121,T197	C0006701
28292338	239	248	dressings	T074	C0440203
28292338	250	254	with	T080	C1883357
28292338	258	265	without	T080	C0332288
28292338	266	279	chlorhexidine	T109,T121	C0008196
28292338	281	284	CHX	T109,T121	C0008196
28292338	296	309	primary teeth	T023	C3266841
28292338	315	335	apical periodontitis	T047	C0031030
28292338	343	354	root canals	T030	C0086881
28292338	361	369	children	T100	C0008059
28292338	393	408	microbiological	T007	C0577610
28292338	409	415	sample	T077	C2347026
28292338	435	442	coronal	T082	C0205123
28292338	443	450	opening	T082	C0175566
28292338	460	465	teeth	T023	C3266841
28292338	492	499	Group 1	T078	C0441833
28292338	501	512	root canals	T030	C0086881
28292338	513	524	filled with	T052	C1708059
28292338	525	533	CH paste	T122,T197	C0947711
28292338	539	546	Group 2	T078	C0441833
28292338	548	556	CH paste	T122,T197	C0947711
28292338	574	577	CHX	T109,T121	C0008196
28292338	599	607	dressing	T074	C0440203
28292338	628	634	canals	T030	C0086881
28292338	658	663	empty	T080	C1880497
28292338	703	718	microbiological	T007	C0577610
28292338	719	725	sample	T077	C2347026
28292338	758	779	microbiological tests	T059	C0430351
28292338	808	828	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28292338	832	839	compare	T052	C1707455
28292338	848	850	CH	T121,T197	C0006701
28292338	851	860	dressings	T074	C0440203
28292338	884	892	absolute	T080	C0205344
28292338	893	899	levels	T080	C0441889
28292338	903	917	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28292338	944	953	microbial	T001	C0599840
28292338	954	965	elimination	T080	C0849355
28292338	971	979	analyses	T062	C0936012
28292338	1002	1020	significance level	T062	C0814896
28292338	1043	1045	CH	T121,T197	C0006701
28292338	1046	1055	dressings	T074	C0440203
28292338	1067	1078	significant	T078	C0750502
28292338	1079	1088	reduction	T080	C0392756
28292338	1106	1120	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28292338	1122	1131	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
28292338	1133	1140	aerobic	T080	C1510824
28292338	1142	1165	black-pigmented bacilli	T007	C0004587
28292338	1167	1179	streptococci	T007	C0038402
28292338	1184	1204	Streptococcus mutans	T007	C0038409
28292338	1263	1274	elimination	T080	C0849355
28292338	1278	1288	microbiota	T001	C0445623
28292338	1290	1298	CH paste	T122,T197	C0947711
28292338	1323	1331	efficacy	T080	C0087113
28292338	1358	1371	chlorhexidine	T109,T121	C0008196
28292338	1388	1398	additional	T169	C1524062
28292338	1399	1412	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28292338	1436	1440	pure	T081	C1882508
28292338	1441	1464	calcium hydroxide paste	T122,T197	C0947711
28292338	1471	1490	intracanal dressing	T061	C0398986
28292338	1494	1507	primary teeth	T023	C3266841
28292338	1513	1533	apical periodontitis	T047	C0031030

28292565|t|Toe Pressure and Toe Brachial Index are Predictive of Cardiovascular Mortality, Overall Mortality, and Amputation Free Survival in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease
28292565|a|Peripheral haemodynamic parameters are used to assess the presence and severity of peripheral artery disease (PAD). The prognostic value of ankle brachial index (ABI) has been thoroughly delineated. Nonetheless, the relative usefulness of ankle pressure (AP), ABI, toe pressure (TP), and toe brachial index (TBI) in assessing patient outcome has not been investigated in a concurrent study setting. This study aimed to resolve the association of all four non-invasive haemodynamic parameters in clinically symptomatic patients with PAD with cardiovascular mortality, overall mortality, and amputation free survival (AFS). In total, 732 symptomatic patients with PAD admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery for conventional angiography at Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, between January 2009 and August 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic factors, cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and above foot level amputations were obtained and assessed in relation to AP, ABI, TP, and TBI by means of Kaplan-Meier life tables and a multivariate Cox regression model. The haemodynamic parameter that was associated with poor 36 month general outcome was TP < 30 mmHg. Univariate Cox regression analysis of stratified values showed that TP and TBI associated significantly with mortality. In multivariate analysis both TP and TBI were associated with a significant risk of death. For TP < 30 mmHg and TBI < 0.25 the risk of cardiovascular mortality was hazard ratio [HR] 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.75-4.61 [p<.001]; HR 3.68, 95% CI 1.48-9.19 [p=.050], respectively; all-cause mortality (HR 2.05, 95% CI 1.44-2.92 [p<.001]; HR 2.53, 95% CI 1.35-4.74 [p=.040], respectively); and amputation or death (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.52-2.98 [p<.001]; HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.38-4.40 [p=.050], respectively)... Among non-invasive haemodynamic measurements and pressure indices both TP and TBI appear to be associated with cardiovascular and overall mortality and AFS for patients with PAD presenting symptoms of the disease.
28292565	0	12	Toe Pressure	T201	C3873516
28292565	17	35	Toe Brachial Index	T060	C2116889
28292565	40	50	Predictive	T080	C0681890
28292565	54	68	Cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28292565	69	78	Mortality	T081	C0205848
28292565	80	87	Overall	T080	C1561607
28292565	88	97	Mortality	T081	C0205848
28292565	103	127	Amputation Free Survival	T052	C0038952
28292565	131	139	Patients	T101	C0030705
28292565	145	170	Peripheral Artery Disease	T047	C1704436
28292565	171	181	Peripheral	T082	C0205100
28292565	182	194	haemodynamic	T042	C0019010
28292565	195	205	parameters	T033	C0449381
28292565	218	224	assess	T058	C0184514
28292565	229	237	presence	T080	C3854307
28292565	242	250	severity	T080	C0439793
28292565	254	279	peripheral artery disease	T047	C1704436
28292565	281	284	PAD	T047	C1704436
28292565	291	301	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28292565	302	307	value	T081	C1522609
28292565	311	331	ankle brachial index	T060	C1276055
28292565	333	336	ABI	T060	C1276055
28292565	387	395	relative	T080	C0205345
28292565	396	406	usefulness	T080	C3827682
28292565	410	424	ankle pressure	T201	C1328319
28292565	426	428	AP	T201	C1328319
28292565	431	434	ABI	T060	C1276055
28292565	436	448	toe pressure	T201	C3873516
28292565	450	452	TP	T201	C3873516
28292565	459	477	toe brachial index	T060	C2116889
28292565	479	482	TBI	T060	C2116889
28292565	526	538	investigated	T169	C1292732
28292565	544	560	concurrent study	T081	C0009247
28292565	575	580	study	T062	C2603343
28292565	581	586	aimed	T078	C1947946
28292565	590	597	resolve	T077	C2699488
28292565	602	613	association	T080	C0439849
28292565	626	638	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28292565	639	651	haemodynamic	T042	C0019010
28292565	652	662	parameters	T033	C0449381
28292565	666	676	clinically	T080	C0205210
28292565	677	688	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28292565	689	697	patients	T101	C0030705
28292565	703	706	PAD	T047	C1704436
28292565	712	726	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28292565	727	736	mortality	T081	C0205848
28292565	738	745	overall	T080	C1561607
28292565	746	755	mortality	T081	C0205848
28292565	761	785	amputation free survival	T052	C0038952
28292565	787	790	AFS	T052	C0038952
28292565	807	818	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28292565	819	827	patients	T101	C0030705
28292565	833	836	PAD	T047	C1704436
28292565	837	883	admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery	T058	C0583322
28292565	888	912	conventional angiography	T060	C0442842
28292565	916	941	Turku University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28292565	943	948	Turku	T083	C0017446
28292565	950	957	Finland	T083	C0016132
28292565	967	974	January	T080	C3829466
28292565	984	990	August	T080	C3831448
28292565	1001	1009	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28292565	1010	1025	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28292565	1027	1046	Demographic factors	T078	C0011292
28292565	1048	1062	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28292565	1063	1072	mortality	T081	C0205848
28292565	1084	1093	mortality	T081	C0205848
28292565	1099	1115	above foot level	T082	C1254362
28292565	1116	1127	amputations	T061	C0002688
28292565	1133	1141	obtained	T169	C1301820
28292565	1146	1154	assessed	T058	C0184514
28292565	1170	1172	AP	T201	C1328319
28292565	1174	1177	ABI	T060	C1276055
28292565	1179	1181	TP	T201	C3873516
28292565	1187	1190	TBI	T060	C2116889
28292565	1203	1227	Kaplan-Meier life tables	T062	C2827659
28292565	1234	1246	multivariate	T081	C0026777
28292565	1247	1267	Cox regression model	T170	C0034980
28292565	1273	1285	haemodynamic	T042	C0019010
28292565	1286	1295	parameter	T033	C0449381
28292565	1305	1320	associated with	T080	C0332281
28292565	1343	1350	outcome	T169	C1274040
28292565	1355	1357	TP	T201	C3873516
28292565	1369	1379	Univariate	T062	C0683962
28292565	1380	1403	Cox regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28292565	1407	1424	stratified values	T080	C0205363
28292565	1437	1439	TP	T201	C3873516
28292565	1444	1447	TBI	T060	C2116889
28292565	1459	1472	significantly	T078	C0750502
28292565	1478	1487	mortality	T081	C0205848
28292565	1492	1513	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28292565	1519	1521	TP	T201	C3873516
28292565	1526	1529	TBI	T060	C2116889
28292565	1535	1550	associated with	T080	C0332281
28292565	1553	1578	significant risk of death	T033	C2749787
28292565	1584	1586	TP	T201	C3873516
28292565	1601	1604	TBI	T060	C2116889
28292565	1616	1620	risk	T078	C0035647
28292565	1624	1638	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28292565	1639	1648	mortality	T081	C0205848
28292565	1653	1665	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28292565	1667	1669	HR	T081	C2985465
28292565	1681	1700	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28292565	1702	1704	CI	T081	C0009667
28292565	1726	1728	HR	T081	C2985465
28292565	1739	1741	CI	T081	C0009667
28292565	1786	1795	mortality	T081	C0205848
28292565	1797	1799	HR	T081	C2985465
28292565	1810	1812	CI	T081	C0009667
28292565	1833	1835	HR	T081	C2985465
28292565	1846	1848	CI	T081	C0009667
28292565	1888	1898	amputation	T061	C0002688
28292565	1902	1907	death	T040	C0011065
28292565	1909	1911	HR	T081	C2985465
28292565	1922	1924	CI	T081	C0009667
28292565	1945	1947	HR	T081	C2985465
28292565	1958	1960	CI	T081	C0009667
28292565	2004	2016	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28292565	2017	2042	haemodynamic measurements	T061	C0204901
28292565	2047	2063	pressure indices	T033	C0429866
28292565	2069	2071	TP	T201	C3873516
28292565	2076	2079	TBI	T060	C2116889
28292565	2093	2108	associated with	T080	C0332281
28292565	2109	2123	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28292565	2128	2135	overall	T080	C1561607
28292565	2136	2145	mortality	T081	C0205848
28292565	2150	2153	AFS	T052	C0038952
28292565	2158	2166	patients	T101	C0030705
28292565	2172	2175	PAD	T047	C1704436
28292565	2176	2186	presenting	T078	C0449450
28292565	2187	2195	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28292565	2203	2210	disease	T047	C0012634

28293275|t|Approximating the DCJ distance of balanced genomes in linear time
28293275|a|Rearrangements are large-scale mutations in genomes, responsible for complex changes and structural variations. Most rearrangements that modify the organization of a genome can be represented by the double cut and join (DCJ) operation. Given two balanced genomes, i.e., two genomes that have exactly the same number of occurrences of each gene in each genome, we are interested in the problem of computing the rearrangement distance between them, i.e., finding the minimum number of DCJ operations that transform one genome into the other. This problem is known to be NP-hard. We propose a linear time approximation algorithm with approximation factor O(k) for the DCJ distance problem, where k is the maximum number of occurrences of any gene in the input genomes. Our algorithm works for linear and circular unichromosomal balanced genomes and uses as an intermediate step an O(k)-approximation for the minimum common string partition problem, which is closely related to the DCJ distance problem. Experiments on simulated data sets show that our approximation algorithm is very competitive both in efficiency and in quality of the solutions.
28293275	0	13	Approximating	T080	C0332232
28293275	18	30	DCJ distance	T081	C2348744
28293275	34	42	balanced	T169	C0205415
28293275	43	50	genomes	T028	C0017428
28293275	54	65	linear time	T081	C0392762
28293275	66	80	Rearrangements	T045	C0017287
28293275	85	106	large-scale mutations	T045	C0026882
28293275	110	117	genomes	T028	C0017428
28293275	135	142	complex	T080	C0439855
28293275	143	150	changes	T169	C0392747
28293275	155	176	structural variations	T045	C2717924
28293275	183	197	rearrangements	T045	C0017287
28293275	203	209	modify	T033	C3840684
28293275	214	226	organization	T169	C1300196
28293275	232	238	genome	T028	C0017428
28293275	265	300	double cut and join (DCJ) operation	T081	C2348744
28293275	312	320	balanced	T169	C0205415
28293275	321	328	genomes	T028	C0017428
28293275	340	347	genomes	T028	C0017428
28293275	370	374	same	T080	C0445247
28293275	375	396	number of occurrences	T081	C0449789
28293275	405	409	gene	T028	C0017337
28293275	418	424	genome	T028	C0017428
28293275	451	458	problem	T033	C0033213
28293275	462	471	computing	T052	C1880157
28293275	476	489	rearrangement	T045	C0017287
28293275	490	498	distance	T081	C2348744
28293275	519	526	finding	T033	C0243095
28293275	531	538	minimum	T080	C1524031
28293275	539	545	number	T081	C0237753
28293275	549	563	DCJ operations	T081	C2348744
28293275	569	578	transform	T039	C3714584
28293275	583	589	genome	T028	C0017428
28293275	611	618	problem	T033	C0033213
28293275	634	641	NP-hard	T077	C1254372
28293275	656	691	linear time approximation algorithm	T170	C0002045
28293275	697	722	approximation factor O(k)	T081	C0392762
28293275	731	743	DCJ distance	T081	C2348744
28293275	744	751	problem	T033	C0033213
28293275	768	775	maximum	T081	C0806909
28293275	776	797	number of occurrences	T081	C0449789
28293275	805	809	gene	T028	C0017337
28293275	817	822	input	T077	C1708517
28293275	823	830	genomes	T028	C0017428
28293275	836	845	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28293275	856	862	linear	T082	C0205132
28293275	867	875	circular	T082	C1282913
28293275	876	890	unichromosomal	T026	C0008633
28293275	891	899	balanced	T169	C0205415
28293275	900	907	genomes	T028	C0017428
28293275	923	940	intermediate step	T077	C1261552
28293275	944	962	O(k)-approximation	T081	C0392762
28293275	971	978	minimum	T080	C1524031
28293275	979	1002	common string partition	T080	C0205556
28293275	1003	1010	problem	T033	C0033213
28293275	1044	1056	DCJ distance	T081	C2348744
28293275	1057	1064	problem	T033	C0033213
28293275	1066	1077	Experiments	T062	C0681814
28293275	1081	1090	simulated	T062	C0679083
28293275	1091	1100	data sets	T170	C0150098
28293275	1115	1128	approximation	T061	C1283102
28293275	1129	1138	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28293275	1167	1177	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28293275	1185	1192	quality	T080	C0332306
28293275	1200	1209	solutions	T077	C2699488

28293289|t|Novel Acinetobacter parvus HANDI 309 microbial biomass for the production of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) using swollen chitin substrate in submerged fermentation
28293289|a|N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc)6 is extensively used as an important bio-agent and a functional food additive. The traditional chemical process for GlcNAc production has some problems such as high production cost, low yield, and acidic pollution .Therefore, to discover a novel chitinase that is suitable for bioconversion of chitin to GlcNAc would be of great value. Here, we describe the complete isolation and functional characterization of a novel exo-chitinase from Acinetobacter parvus HANDI 309 for the conversion of chitin. The identified exo-chitinase mainly produced N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, using chitin as a substrate by submerged fermentation. The A. parvus HANDI 309 biofuels producing exo-chitinase were characterized by TLC, and was further validated and quantified by HPLC. Furthermore, the optimal temperature and pH for the exo-chitinase activity was obtained in the culture conditions of 30 °C and 7.0, respectively. The maximum growth of the stationary phase was reached in 24 h after incubation. These results suggest that A. parvus HANDI 309 biofuels producing exo-chitinases may have great potential in chitin to N-acetyl-d-glucosamine conversion. The excellent thermostability and hydrolytic properties may give the exo-chitinase great potential in chitin to GlcNAc conversion in industry. This is the first report that A. parvus HANDI 309 is a novel bacterial strain that has the ability to produce an enormous amount of exo-chitinase - producing bio-agents in a short time on an industrial scale without any pretreatment, as well as being potentially valuable in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
28293289	0	5	Novel	T080	C0205314
28293289	6	36	Acinetobacter parvus HANDI 309	T007	C1064930
28293289	37	46	microbial	T001	C0599840
28293289	47	54	biomass	T081	C0005535
28293289	63	73	production	T057	C0033268
28293289	77	101	N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine	T109,T121	C0001056
28293289	103	109	GlcNAc	T109,T121	C0001056
28293289	125	131	chitin	T109,T123	C0008141
28293289	132	141	substrate	T167	C3891814
28293289	145	167	submerged fermentation	T044	C0015852
28293289	168	192	N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine	T109,T121	C0001056
28293289	193	202	(GlcNAc)6	T109,T121	C0001056
28293289	229	238	important	T080	C3898777
28293289	239	248	bio-agent	T123	C0005515
28293289	255	265	functional	T169	C0205245
28293289	266	279	food additive	T168	C0016453
28293289	297	313	chemical process	T070	C2350458
28293289	318	324	GlcNAc	T109,T121	C0001056
28293289	325	335	production	T057	C0033268
28293289	345	353	problems	T033	C0033213
28293289	362	366	high	T080	C0205250
28293289	367	377	production	T057	C0033268
28293289	378	382	cost	T081	C0010186
28293289	384	387	low	T080	C0205251
28293289	388	393	yield	T081	C1265611
28293289	399	405	acidic	T103	C0001128
28293289	406	415	pollution	T069	C0392355
28293289	442	447	novel	T080	C0205314
28293289	448	457	chitinase	T116,T126	C0008145
28293289	479	492	bioconversion	T169	C0439836
28293289	496	502	chitin	T109,T123	C0008141
28293289	506	512	GlcNAc	T109,T121	C0001056
28293289	560	568	complete	T080	C0205197
28293289	569	578	isolation	T169	C0205409
28293289	583	593	functional	T169	C0205245
28293289	594	610	characterization	T052	C1880022
28293289	616	621	novel	T080	C0205314
28293289	622	635	exo-chitinase	T116,T126	C0213288
28293289	641	671	Acinetobacter parvus HANDI 309	T007	C1064930
28293289	680	690	conversion	T169	C0439836
28293289	694	700	chitin	T109,T123	C0008141
28293289	706	716	identified	T080	C0205396
28293289	717	730	exo-chitinase	T116,T126	C0213288
28293289	747	769	N-acetyl-d-glucosamine	T109,T121	C0001056
28293289	777	783	chitin	T109,T123	C0008141
28293289	789	798	substrate	T167	C3891814
28293289	802	824	submerged fermentation	T044	C0015852
28293289	830	849	A. parvus HANDI 309	T007	C1064930
28293289	850	858	biofuels	T109	C2717891
28293289	859	868	producing	T169	C0205245
28293289	869	882	exo-chitinase	T116,T126	C0213288
28293289	888	901	characterized	T052	C1880022
28293289	905	908	TLC	T059	C0008569
28293289	926	935	validated	T062	C1519941
28293289	940	950	quantified	T081	C1709793
28293289	954	958	HPLC	T059	C0008562
28293289	977	984	optimal	T080	C2698651
28293289	985	996	temperature	T081	C0039476
28293289	1001	1003	pH	T081	C0020283
28293289	1012	1034	exo-chitinase activity	T044	C3271333
28293289	1039	1047	obtained	T169	C1301820
28293289	1055	1073	culture conditions	T080	C0348080
28293289	1110	1117	maximum	T081	C0806909
28293289	1118	1124	growth	T040	C0018270
28293289	1132	1142	stationary	T080	C0439835
28293289	1143	1148	phase	T079	C0205390
28293289	1175	1185	incubation	T033	C1320226
28293289	1193	1200	results	T033	C2825142
28293289	1214	1233	A. parvus HANDI 309	T007	C1064930
28293289	1234	1242	biofuels	T109	C2717891
28293289	1243	1252	producing	T169	C0205245
28293289	1253	1267	exo-chitinases	T116,T126	C0213288
28293289	1283	1292	potential	T080	C3245505
28293289	1296	1302	chitin	T109,T123	C0008141
28293289	1306	1328	N-acetyl-d-glucosamine	T109,T121	C0001056
28293289	1329	1339	conversion	T169	C0439836
28293289	1345	1354	excellent	T080	C1961136
28293289	1355	1370	thermostability	T070	C0597571
28293289	1375	1385	hydrolytic	T070	C0020291
28293289	1386	1396	properties	T080	C0871161
28293289	1410	1423	exo-chitinase	T116,T126	C0213288
28293289	1430	1439	potential	T080	C3245505
28293289	1443	1449	chitin	T109,T123	C0008141
28293289	1453	1459	GlcNAc	T109,T121	C0001056
28293289	1460	1470	conversion	T169	C0439836
28293289	1474	1482	industry	T057	C0021267
28293289	1514	1533	A. parvus HANDI 309	T007	C1064930
28293289	1539	1544	novel	T080	C0205314
28293289	1545	1554	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28293289	1555	1561	strain	T001	C1518614
28293289	1575	1582	ability	T032	C0085732
28293289	1606	1612	amount	T081	C1265611
28293289	1616	1629	exo-chitinase	T116,T126	C0213288
28293289	1632	1641	producing	T169	C0205245
28293289	1642	1652	bio-agents	T123	C0005515
28293289	1658	1663	short	T081	C1806781
28293289	1664	1668	time	T079	C0040223
28293289	1675	1685	industrial	T057	C0021267
28293289	1704	1716	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
28293289	1735	1746	potentially	T080	C3245505
28293289	1763	1767	food	T057	C0524863
28293289	1772	1797	pharmaceutical industries	T093	C0013185

28293475|t|Nationwide hospital -based survey of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus in Japan: Epidemiological and clinical characteristics
28293475|a|There have been no nationwide epidemiological studies of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) in Japan. Therefore, a nationwide epidemiologic survey of iNPH was performed to determine the number of cases and clinical characteristics by sex and diagnostic level. The first survey examined the numbers of cases that met the diagnostic criteria of iNPH and those who underwent shunt operations in 2012. The second survey gathered patients ' details to clarify their clinical background characteristics. The estimated number of cases meeting the diagnostic criteria in 2012 was 12,900, with 6,700 undergoing shunt operations. The estimated crude prevalence was 10.2/100,000 persons. The age of onset was in the 70s in more than 50% of both men and women. Significantly higher (p < .05) frequencies of gait impairment in men and cognitive decline in women were observed as initial symptoms. At the time of definitive diagnosis, gait impairment was observed most frequently in patients with definite iNPH (77.7%). Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (40.0%), followed by diabetes mellitus (17.8%) and Alzheimer's disease (14.8%). Hypertension was observed more frequently in men, but diabetes was observed more frequently in women (p < .05). An LP shunt was the first-choice (55.1%) treatment of iNPH, followed by a VP shunt (43.2%). This study showed that iNPH occurs most frequently in the 70s, gait impairment and cognitive decline are the most frequent initial symptoms in men and women, respectively, and hypertension and diabetes are the most frequent comorbidities in men and women, respectively.
28293475	11	19	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28293475	27	33	survey	T170	C0038951
28293475	37	77	idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus	T047	C2047886
28293475	81	86	Japan	T083	C0022341
28293475	88	103	Epidemiological	T080	C1521970
28293475	108	132	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
28293475	163	186	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
28293475	190	230	idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus	T047	C2047886
28293475	232	236	iNPH	T047	C2047886
28293475	241	246	Japan	T083	C0022341
28293475	272	292	epidemiologic survey	T170	C0038951
28293475	296	300	iNPH	T047	C2047886
28293475	342	347	cases	T077	C1706256
28293475	352	376	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
28293475	380	383	sex	T032	C1522384
28293475	388	398	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28293475	399	404	level	T080	C0441889
28293475	416	422	survey	T170	C0038951
28293475	447	452	cases	T077	C1706256
28293475	466	485	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
28293475	489	493	iNPH	T047	C2047886
28293475	518	534	shunt operations	T061	C0543467
28293475	555	561	survey	T170	C0038951
28293475	571	579	patients	T101	C0030705
28293475	582	589	details	T080	C1522508
28293475	607	642	clinical background characteristics	T201	C0683325
28293475	668	673	cases	T077	C1706256
28293475	686	705	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
28293475	748	764	shunt operations	T061	C0543467
28293475	780	796	crude prevalence	T081	C0220900
28293475	814	821	persons	T098	C0027361
28293475	827	839	age of onset	T081	C0206132
28293475	880	883	men	T098	C0025266
28293475	888	893	women	T098	C0043210
28293475	926	937	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28293475	941	956	gait impairment	T033	C3808195
28293475	960	963	men	T098	C0025266
28293475	968	985	cognitive decline	T033	C2675948
28293475	989	994	women	T098	C0043210
28293475	1012	1019	initial	T079	C0205265
28293475	1020	1028	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28293475	1037	1041	time	T079	C0040223
28293475	1056	1065	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28293475	1067	1082	gait impairment	T033	C3808195
28293475	1101	1111	frequently	T079	C0332183
28293475	1115	1123	patients	T101	C0030705
28293475	1138	1142	iNPH	T047	C2047886
28293475	1152	1164	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
28293475	1178	1186	frequent	T079	C0332183
28293475	1187	1198	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28293475	1220	1237	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28293475	1250	1269	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28293475	1279	1291	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
28293475	1310	1320	frequently	T079	C0332183
28293475	1324	1327	men	T098	C0025266
28293475	1333	1341	diabetes	T047	C0011849
28293475	1360	1370	frequently	T079	C0332183
28293475	1374	1379	women	T098	C0043210
28293475	1394	1402	LP shunt	T061	C0087111
28293475	1432	1441	treatment	T061	C0087111
28293475	1445	1449	iNPH	T047	C2047886
28293475	1465	1473	VP shunt	T061	C0087111
28293475	1506	1510	iNPH	T047	C2047886
28293475	1523	1533	frequently	T079	C0332183
28293475	1546	1561	gait impairment	T033	C3808195
28293475	1566	1583	cognitive decline	T033	C2675948
28293475	1597	1605	frequent	T079	C0332183
28293475	1606	1613	initial	T079	C0205265
28293475	1614	1622	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28293475	1626	1629	men	T098	C0025266
28293475	1634	1639	women	T098	C0043210
28293475	1659	1671	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28293475	1676	1684	diabetes	T047	C0011849
28293475	1698	1706	frequent	T079	C0332183
28293475	1707	1720	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28293475	1724	1727	men	T098	C0025266
28293475	1732	1737	women	T098	C0043210

28294559|t|The platelet-activating receptor C-type lectin receptor-2 plays an essential role in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice
28294559|a|Essentials Regeneration role of C-type lectin receptor-2 (CLEC-2) after 70% hepatectomy (HPx) was investigated. Wild-type or CLEC-2 deleted from platelets of chimeric mice (flKO) underwent HPx. The liver/body weight ratio was significantly lower in the flKO than in the wild-type. CLEC-2 plays an essential role in liver regeneration after HPx. Background and aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of C-type lectin receptor (CLEC)-2 in liver regeneration following partial liver resection in mice. Materials and methods Irradiated chimeric mice transplanted with fetal liver cells from wild-type (WT) mice, CLEC-2 - deleted (KO) mice or mice with CLEC-2 deleted specifically from platelets (flKO) were generated. Mice underwent 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate the expression of the endogenous ligand for CLEC-2, podoplanin. The accumulation of platelets in the liver was also quantified. The hepatic expression of the IL-6 / gp130 and STAT3, Akt and ERK1/2 was also examined. Results The liver/body weight ratio and expression of all cell proliferation markers were significantly lower in the flKO group than in the WT group. The expression of phosphorylated (p) Akt and pERK1 /2 was similar in the WT and flKO groups. On the other hand, the expression of pSTAT3 and IL-6 was significantly stronger in the WT group than in the flKO group. The expression of podoplanin was detected in the hepatic sinusoids of both groups. However, the extent to which platelets accumulated in hepatic sinusoids was significantly less in the flKO group than in the WT group. Conclusion CLEC-2 was involved in hepatic regeneration after liver resection and CLEC-2 -related liver regeneration was attributed to the interaction between platelets and sinusoidal endothelial cells.
28294559	4	32	platelet-activating receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0071234
28294559	33	57	C-type lectin receptor-2	T116,T123	C2354438
28294559	77	81	role	T077	C1705810
28294559	85	103	liver regeneration	T042	C0023907
28294559	110	129	partial hepatectomy	T061	C0193398
28294559	133	137	mice	T015	C0025929
28294559	149	161	Regeneration	T042	C0023907
28294559	162	166	role	T077	C1705810
28294559	170	194	C-type lectin receptor-2	T116,T123	C2354438
28294559	196	202	CLEC-2	T116,T123	C2354438
28294559	210	225	70% hepatectomy	T061	C0193398
28294559	227	230	HPx	T061	C0193398
28294559	250	259	Wild-type	T028	C1883559
28294559	263	269	CLEC-2	T028	C0017337
28294559	270	277	deleted	T045	C0017260
28294559	283	292	platelets	T025	C0005821
28294559	296	309	chimeric mice	T015	C0025929
28294559	311	315	flKO	T015	C0025929
28294559	327	330	HPx	T061	C0193398
28294559	336	359	liver/body weight ratio	T081	C2983636
28294559	391	395	flKO	T015	C0025929
28294559	408	417	wild-type	T015	C1520150
28294559	419	425	CLEC-2	T116,T123	C2354438
28294559	445	449	role	T077	C1705810
28294559	453	471	liver regeneration	T042	C0023907
28294559	478	481	HPx	T061	C0193398
28294559	554	558	role	T077	C1705810
28294559	562	593	C-type lectin receptor (CLEC)-2	T116,T123	C2354438
28294559	597	615	liver regeneration	T042	C0023907
28294559	626	649	partial liver resection	T061	C0193398
28294559	653	657	mice	T015	C0025929
28294559	692	705	chimeric mice	T015	C0025929
28294559	706	718	transplanted	T169	C0700106
28294559	724	729	fetal	T169	C0521457
28294559	730	741	liver cells	T025	C0227525
28294559	747	766	wild-type (WT) mice	T015	C1520150
28294559	768	774	CLEC-2	T028	C0017337
28294559	777	784	deleted	T045	C0017260
28294559	790	794	mice	T015	C0025929
28294559	798	802	mice	T015	C0025929
28294559	808	814	CLEC-2	T028	C0017337
28294559	815	822	deleted	T045	C0017260
28294559	841	850	platelets	T025	C0005821
28294559	863	872	generated	T052	C3146294
28294559	874	878	Mice	T015	C0025929
28294559	889	912	70% partial hepatectomy	T061	C0193398
28294559	914	916	PH	T061	C0193398
28294559	919	947	Immunohistochemical staining	T059	C0487602
28294559	981	991	expression	T045	C1171362
28294559	999	1009	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28294559	1010	1016	ligand	T103	C0023688
28294559	1021	1027	CLEC-2	T116,T123	C2354438
28294559	1029	1039	podoplanin	T116	C3537357
28294559	1045	1057	accumulation	T043	C0007613
28294559	1061	1070	platelets	T025	C0005821
28294559	1078	1083	liver	T023	C0023884
28294559	1093	1103	quantified	T081	C1709793
28294559	1109	1116	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28294559	1117	1127	expression	T045	C1171362
28294559	1135	1139	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28294559	1142	1147	gp130	T116,T123	C0017968
28294559	1152	1157	STAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
28294559	1159	1162	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
28294559	1167	1173	ERK1/2	T116,T126	C0600388
28294559	1205	1228	liver/body weight ratio	T081	C2983636
28294559	1233	1243	expression	T045	C1171362
28294559	1251	1269	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28294559	1270	1277	markers	T059	C1611701
28294559	1310	1320	flKO group	T015	C0025929
28294559	1333	1341	WT group	T015	C1520150
28294559	1347	1357	expression	T045	C1171362
28294559	1361	1383	phosphorylated (p) Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
28294559	1388	1393	pERK1	T116,T126	C0600388
28294559	1416	1418	WT	T015	C1520150
28294559	1423	1434	flKO groups	T015	C0025929
28294559	1459	1469	expression	T045	C1171362
28294559	1473	1479	pSTAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
28294559	1484	1488	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28294559	1523	1531	WT group	T015	C1520150
28294559	1544	1554	flKO group	T015	C0025929
28294559	1560	1570	expression	T045	C1171362
28294559	1574	1584	podoplanin	T116	C3537357
28294559	1605	1622	hepatic sinusoids	T023	C0227523
28294559	1631	1637	groups	T078	C0441833
28294559	1668	1677	platelets	T025	C0005821
28294559	1693	1710	hepatic sinusoids	T023	C0227523
28294559	1741	1751	flKO group	T015	C0025929
28294559	1764	1772	WT group	T015	C1520150
28294559	1785	1791	CLEC-2	T116,T123	C2354438
28294559	1808	1828	hepatic regeneration	T042	C0023907
28294559	1835	1850	liver resection	T061	C0019144
28294559	1855	1861	CLEC-2	T116,T123	C2354438
28294559	1871	1889	liver regeneration	T042	C0023907
28294559	1932	1941	platelets	T025	C0005821
28294559	1946	1956	sinusoidal	T030	C0682624
28294559	1957	1974	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336

28295125|t|Treatment of Locked Posterior Shoulder Dislocation With Bone Defect
28295125|a|Locked posterior shoulder dislocation is an uncommon condition and is associated with a reverse Hill-Sachs lesion in 50% of cases. The condition is likely to occur in cases of violent trauma, seizures, or electric shock. Unrecognized dislocation with humeral head fracture affects joint function and humeral head vascularity and may lead to chronic instability, osteonecrosis, and osteoarthritis. A group of 12 patients, including 10 men and 2 women, with neglected locked posterior shoulder dislocation with a reverse Hill-Sachs lesion were treated with the modified McLaughlin technique. The added bone graft from the iliac crest was impacted in the defect and fixed with screws. Mean follow-up was 30 months (range, 24-48 months). The range of forward flexion was 150˚ to 175˚ (average, 165˚), external rotation ranged from 60˚ to 80˚ (average, 75˚), internal rotation ranged from 40˚ to 60˚ (average, 50˚), and average abduction was 150˚ (range, 145˚-160˚). The modified University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scoring system was used for postoperative clinical evaluation. Total UCLA scores immediately postoperatively ranged from 22 to 28 points (average, 26.5 points) and averaged 30 points (range, 28-33 points) at last follow-up. No recurrence of dislocation occurred during the follow-up period. Of the study patients, 10 returned to their previous job and 2 modified their manual work. The modified McLaughlin technique with added iliac crest bone graft to fill the defect and prevent humeral head deformity is a successful technique for the treatment of patients with chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocation. [Orthopedics. 201x; xx(x):xx-xx.].
28295125	0	9	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28295125	13	50	Locked Posterior Shoulder Dislocation	T037	C0347739
28295125	56	60	Bone	T023	C0262950
28295125	61	67	Defect	T169	C1457869
28295125	68	105	Locked posterior shoulder dislocation	T037	C0347739
28295125	121	130	condition	T080	C0348080
28295125	138	153	associated with	T080	C0332281
28295125	156	181	reverse Hill-Sachs lesion	T020	C0410329
28295125	192	197	cases	T077	C1706256
28295125	203	212	condition	T080	C0348080
28295125	235	240	cases	T077	C1706256
28295125	244	258	violent trauma	T037	C3714660
28295125	260	268	seizures	T184	C0036572
28295125	273	287	electric shock	T037	C0013781
28295125	289	313	Unrecognized dislocation	T037	C0012691
28295125	319	340	humeral head fracture	T037	C0281849
28295125	349	363	joint function	T042	C1535551
28295125	368	392	humeral head vascularity	T042	C1254358
28295125	430	443	osteonecrosis	T046	C0029445
28295125	449	463	osteoarthritis	T047	C0029408
28295125	467	472	group	T078	C0441833
28295125	479	487	patients	T101	C0030705
28295125	502	505	men	T098	C0025266
28295125	512	517	women	T098	C0043210
28295125	534	571	locked posterior shoulder dislocation	T037	C0347739
28295125	579	604	reverse Hill-Sachs lesion	T020	C0410329
28295125	610	617	treated	T169	C1522326
28295125	627	635	modified	T169	C0392747
28295125	636	656	McLaughlin technique	T061	C0087111
28295125	668	678	bone graft	T122	C0181075
28295125	688	699	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28295125	720	726	defect	T169	C1457869
28295125	731	736	fixed	T067	C3714578
28295125	742	748	screws	T074	C0005975
28295125	750	764	Mean follow-up	T058	C1522577
28295125	772	778	months	T079	C0439231
28295125	793	799	months	T079	C0439231
28295125	815	822	forward	T082	C0439780
28295125	823	830	flexion	T042	C0231452
28295125	865	882	external rotation	T169	C0231462
28295125	922	939	internal rotation	T169	C0231459
28295125	983	1000	average abduction	T039	C0231456
28295125	1034	1042	modified	T169	C0392747
28295125	1043	1079	University of California Los Angeles	T092	C1561598
28295125	1081	1085	UCLA	T092	C1561598
28295125	1087	1101	scoring system	T170	C0451542
28295125	1115	1148	postoperative clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
28295125	1150	1167	Total UCLA scores	T081	C0449820
28295125	1295	1299	last	T080	C1517741
28295125	1300	1309	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28295125	1311	1313	No	T033	C1513916
28295125	1314	1324	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28295125	1328	1339	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28295125	1360	1369	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28295125	1370	1376	period	T079	C1948053
28295125	1391	1399	patients	T101	C0030705
28295125	1431	1434	job	T090	C0028811
28295125	1441	1449	modified	T169	C0392747
28295125	1456	1462	manual	T169	C0175674
28295125	1463	1467	work	T057	C0043227
28295125	1473	1481	modified	T169	C0392747
28295125	1482	1502	McLaughlin technique	T061	C0087111
28295125	1514	1525	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28295125	1526	1536	bone graft	T122	C0181075
28295125	1549	1555	defect	T169	C1457869
28295125	1560	1567	prevent	T080	C2700409
28295125	1568	1590	humeral head deformity	T037	C0281849
28295125	1607	1616	technique	T169	C0449851
28295125	1625	1634	treatment	T061	C0087111
28295125	1638	1646	patients	T101	C0030705
28295125	1652	1697	chronic locked posterior shoulder dislocation	T037	C0347739

28295177|t|A fast small-sample kernel independence test for microbiome community - level association analysis
28295177|a|To fully understand the role of microbiome in human health and diseases, researchers are increasingly interested in assessing the relationship between microbiome composition and host genomic data. The dimensionality of the data as well as complex relationships between microbiota and host genomics pose considerable challenges for analysis. In this article, we apply a kernel RV coefficient (KRV) test to evaluate the overall association between host gene expression and microbiome composition. The KRV statistic can capture nonlinear correlations and complex relationships among the individual data types and between gene expression and microbiome composition through measuring general dependency. Testing proceeds via a similar route as existing tests of the generalized RV coefficients and allows for rapid p-value calculation. Strategies to allow adjustment for confounding effects, which is crucial for avoiding misleading results, and to alleviate the problem of selecting the most favorable kernel are considered. Simulation studies show that KRV is useful in testing statistical independence with finite samples given the kernels are appropriately chosen, and can powerfully identify existing associations between microbiome composition and host genomic data while protecting type I error. We apply the KRV to a microbiome study examining the relationship between host transcriptome and microbiome composition within the context of inflammatory bowel disease and are able to derive new biological insights and provide formal inference on prior qualitative observations.
28295177	2	44	fast small-sample kernel independence test	T170	C0237913
28295177	49	59	microbiome	T001	C1956108
28295177	60	69	community	T096	C0009462
28295177	72	98	level association analysis	T062	C0242481
28295177	123	127	role	T077	C1705810
28295177	131	141	microbiome	T001	C1956108
28295177	145	150	human	T016	C0086418
28295177	151	157	health	T078	C0018684
28295177	162	170	diseases	T047	C0012634
28295177	172	183	researchers	T097	C0035173
28295177	215	224	assessing	T052	C1516048
28295177	229	241	relationship	T080	C0439849
28295177	250	272	microbiome composition	T001	C1956108
28295177	277	281	host	T001	C1167395
28295177	282	289	genomic	T028	C0017428
28295177	290	294	data	T078	C1511726
28295177	300	314	dimensionality	T082	C1707753
28295177	322	326	data	T078	C1511726
28295177	338	345	complex	T080	C0439855
28295177	346	359	relationships	T080	C0439849
28295177	368	378	microbiota	T001	C3887843
28295177	383	387	host	T001	C1167395
28295177	388	396	genomics	T028	C0017428
28295177	415	425	challenges	T058	C0805586
28295177	430	438	analysis	T062	C0936012
28295177	468	500	kernel RV coefficient (KRV) test	T170	C0237913
28295177	517	524	overall	T080	C1561607
28295177	525	536	association	T080	C0439849
28295177	545	549	host	T001	C1167395
28295177	550	565	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28295177	570	592	microbiome composition	T001	C1956108
28295177	598	611	KRV statistic	T170	C0237913
28295177	624	646	nonlinear correlations	T080	C1707520
28295177	651	658	complex	T080	C0439855
28295177	659	672	relationships	T080	C0439849
28295177	694	704	data types	T078	C1609081
28295177	717	732	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28295177	737	759	microbiome composition	T001	C1956108
28295177	786	796	dependency	T078	C1254370
28295177	798	805	Testing	T169	C0039593
28295177	847	852	tests	T170	C0392366
28295177	872	887	RV coefficients	T081	C1707429
28295177	909	916	p-value	T081	C1709380
28295177	917	928	calculation	T052	C1441506
28295177	930	940	Strategies	T169	C0205245
28295177	965	984	confounding effects	T169	C0009673
28295177	1027	1034	results	T169	C1274040
28295177	1057	1064	problem	T033	C0033213
28295177	1097	1103	kernel	T170	C1881303
28295177	1120	1138	Simulation studies	T062	C0679083
28295177	1149	1152	KRV	T081	C1707429
28295177	1166	1173	testing	T169	C0039593
28295177	1174	1198	statistical independence	T078	C0085862
28295177	1229	1236	kernels	T170	C1881303
28295177	1300	1312	associations	T080	C0439849
28295177	1321	1343	microbiome composition	T001	C1956108
28295177	1348	1352	host	T001	C1167395
28295177	1353	1360	genomic	T028	C0017428
28295177	1361	1365	data	T078	C1511726
28295177	1383	1389	type I	T185	C0441729
28295177	1390	1395	error	T080	C0743559
28295177	1410	1413	KRV	T081	C1707429
28295177	1419	1429	microbiome	T001	C1956108
28295177	1430	1435	study	T062	C2603343
28295177	1450	1462	relationship	T080	C0439849
28295177	1471	1475	host	T001	C1167395
28295177	1476	1489	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28295177	1494	1516	microbiome composition	T001	C1956108
28295177	1528	1535	context	T078	C0449255
28295177	1539	1565	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
28295177	1651	1675	qualitative observations	T080	C0449576

28295357|t|An Analysis of Systematic Elemental Changes in Decomposing Bone
28295357|a|The aim of this pilot study was to investigate compositional changes in bone during decomposition. Elemental concentrations of barium, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc and phosphorus in porcine bone (as an experimental analog for human bone) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The samples were taken from porcine bone subjected to shallow burial and surface depositions at 28- day intervals for a period of 140 days. Results indicated that ICP-OES elemental profiling has potential to be developed as a forensic test for determining whether a bone sample originates from the early stages of soft tissue putrefaction. Significant changes in iron, sodium and potassium concentrations were found over 140 days. These elements are known to be primarily associated with proteins and/or tissue fluids within the bone. Changes in their respective concentrations may therefore be linked to dehydration over time and in turn may be indicative of time since deposition.
28295357	3	11	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28295357	15	25	Systematic	T169	C0220922
28295357	26	35	Elemental	T196	C0013879
28295357	36	43	Changes	T081	C0443172
28295357	47	63	Decomposing Bone	T023	C0262950
28295357	68	71	aim	T078	C1947946
28295357	80	91	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28295357	99	110	investigate	T169	C1292732
28295357	111	124	compositional	T201	C0486616
28295357	125	132	changes	T081	C0443172
28295357	136	140	bone	T023	C0262950
28295357	148	161	decomposition	T067	C2700592
28295357	163	172	Elemental	T196	C0013879
28295357	173	187	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28295357	191	197	barium	T196	C0004749
28295357	199	206	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28295357	208	212	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28295357	214	223	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28295357	225	234	magnesium	T123,T196	C0024467
28295357	236	240	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28295357	245	255	phosphorus	T196	C0031705
28295357	259	266	porcine	T015	C0039005
28295357	267	271	bone	T023	C0262950
28295357	279	291	experimental	T080	C1517586
28295357	292	298	analog	T104	C0243071
28295357	303	308	human	T016	C0086418
28295357	309	313	bone	T023	C0262950
28295357	320	328	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28295357	332	388	inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy	T059	C0260252
28295357	390	397	ICP-OES	T059	C0260252
28295357	404	411	samples	UnknownType	C0444227
28295357	428	435	porcine	T015	C0039005
28295357	436	440	bone	T023	C0262950
28295357	441	450	subjected	T169	C1550501
28295357	454	468	shallow burial	T052	C0006407
28295357	473	480	surface	T029	C0825429
28295357	481	492	depositions	T169	C0333562
28295357	500	503	day	T079	C0439228
28295357	504	513	intervals	T079	C1272706
28295357	520	526	period	T079	C1948053
28295357	534	538	days	T079	C0439228
28295357	540	547	Results	T033	C0683954
28295357	548	557	indicated	T033	C1444656
28295357	563	570	ICP-OES	T059	C0260252
28295357	571	580	elemental	T196	C0013879
28295357	581	590	profiling	T169	C2003903
28295357	595	604	potential	T080	C3245505
28295357	611	620	developed	T080	C0205556
28295357	626	639	forensic test	T059	C0022885
28295357	644	655	determining	T080	C0205556
28295357	666	677	bone sample	UnknownType	C0444227
28295357	698	703	early	T079	C1279919
28295357	704	710	stages	T079	C1306673
28295357	714	725	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28295357	726	738	putrefaction	T046	C0333532
28295357	740	759	Significant changes	T081	C0443172
28295357	763	767	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28295357	769	775	sodium	T123,T196	C0037473
28295357	780	789	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28295357	790	804	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28295357	810	815	found	T033	C0150312
28295357	816	820	over	T079	C0347984
28295357	825	829	days	T079	C0439228
28295357	837	845	elements	T196	C0013879
28295357	850	855	known	T080	C0205309
28295357	862	871	primarily	T080	C0205225
28295357	872	887	associated with	T080	C0332281
28295357	888	896	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28295357	904	917	tissue fluids	T031	C0162367
28295357	929	933	bone	T023	C0262950
28295357	935	942	Changes	T081	C0443172
28295357	963	977	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28295357	1005	1016	dehydration	T033	C1963090
28295357	1022	1026	time	T079	C0040223
28295357	1060	1064	time	T079	C0040223
28295357	1065	1070	since	T079	C1711239
28295357	1071	1081	deposition	T169	C0333562

28295414|t|Temporal Stability of Heavy Drinking Days and Drinking Reductions Among Heavy Drinkers in the COMBINE Study
28295414|a|Recently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed to expand the options for primary end points in the development of medications for alcohol use disorder to include either abstinence from alcohol or a nonabstinent outcome: no heavy drinking days (with a heavy drinking day defined as more than 3 drinks per day for women and more than 4 drinks per day for men [>3/>4 cutoff]). The FDA also suggested that 6 months would be the most appropriate length for a clinical trial to demonstrate the stability of this nonabstinent drinking outcome. However, few alcohol clinical trials have examined the stability of nonheavy drinking during and after treatment. In a secondary analysis of the COMBINE study data (n = 1,383), we examined transitions in heavy drinking days during the course of treatment (months 1 through 4), during the transition out of treatment (months 4 through 7), and up to 12 months afterward (months 13 through 16) using latent variable mixture models. Heavy drinking and nonheavy drinking were relatively stable in consecutive months (minimum agreement [kappa] = 0.64 for months 1 to 2). Most individuals were stable low-risk drinkers / abstainers or heavy drinkers by the end of treatment, as characterized by a 10% probability (or less) of transitioning out of either a no heavy drinking state or a heavy drinking state. More than two-thirds of the heavy drinkers who exceeded the heavy drinking threshold during treatment reported, on average, a 64% reduction in drinking frequency and a 38% reduction in drinking intensity from pretreatment drinking levels. The results show stability of no heavy drinking as an outcome within the first 4 months of treatment and that the >3/>4 drink cutoff may mask substantial reductions in alcohol consumption among some patients. Future studies should explore the clinical utility of reduction end points.
28295414	0	8	Temporal	T079	C1254367
28295414	9	18	Stability	T080	C0205360
28295414	22	36	Heavy Drinking	T033	C0556345
28295414	46	54	Drinking	T055	C0001948
28295414	55	65	Reductions	T061	C0441610
28295414	72	86	Heavy Drinkers	T055	C0337678
28295414	94	107	COMBINE Study	T062	C2603343
28295414	122	150	Food and Drug Administration	T093	C0041714
28295414	152	155	FDA	T093	C0041714
28295414	169	175	expand	T082	C0205229
28295414	192	199	primary	T080	C0205225
28295414	200	210	end points	T080	C2349179
28295414	218	229	development	T169	C1527148
28295414	233	244	medications	T058	C2081612
28295414	249	269	alcohol use disorder	T048	C0001956
28295414	288	298	abstinence	T061	C3843422
28295414	304	311	alcohol	T168	C0001967
28295414	317	329	nonabstinent	T033	C0243095
28295414	330	337	outcome	T169	C1274040
28295414	342	356	heavy drinking	T033	C0556345
28295414	370	384	heavy drinking	T033	C0556345
28295414	389	396	defined	T170	C1704788
28295414	412	418	drinks	T168	C0001967
28295414	431	436	women	T098	C0043210
28295414	453	459	drinks	T168	C0001967
28295414	472	475	men	T098	C0025266
28295414	483	489	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28295414	497	500	FDA	T093	C0041714
28295414	506	515	suggested	T078	C1705535
28295414	523	529	months	T079	C0439231
28295414	548	559	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28295414	560	587	length for a clinical trial	T062	C1706316
28295414	607	616	stability	T080	C0205360
28295414	625	637	nonabstinent	T033	C0243095
28295414	638	646	drinking	T055	C0001948
28295414	647	654	outcome	T169	C1274040
28295414	677	692	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28295414	698	706	examined	T033	C0332128
28295414	711	720	stability	T080	C0205360
28295414	724	741	nonheavy drinking	T033	C0556344
28295414	742	748	during	T079	C0347984
28295414	753	768	after treatment	T058	C0001758
28295414	775	793	secondary analysis	UnknownType	C0683944
28295414	801	814	COMBINE study	T062	C2603343
28295414	815	819	data	T078	C1511726
28295414	836	844	examined	T033	C0332128
28295414	845	856	transitions	T052	C2700061
28295414	860	874	heavy drinking	T033	C0556345
28295414	880	910	during the course of treatment	T079	C0454268
28295414	912	918	months	T079	C0439231
28295414	933	939	during	T079	C0347984
28295414	944	954	transition	T052	C2700061
28295414	962	971	treatment	T061	C0087111
28295414	973	979	months	T079	C0439231
28295414	1007	1013	months	T079	C0439231
28295414	1025	1031	months	T079	C0439231
28295414	1053	1083	latent variable mixture models	UnknownType	C0681946
28295414	1085	1099	Heavy drinking	T033	C0556345
28295414	1104	1121	nonheavy drinking	T033	C0556344
28295414	1138	1144	stable	T080	C0205360
28295414	1148	1159	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28295414	1160	1166	months	T079	C0439231
28295414	1168	1175	minimum	T080	C1524031
28295414	1205	1211	months	T079	C0439231
28295414	1226	1237	individuals	T098	C0237401
28295414	1243	1249	stable	T080	C0205360
28295414	1250	1258	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28295414	1259	1267	drinkers	T033	C0556338
28295414	1270	1280	abstainers	UnknownType	C0682156
28295414	1284	1298	heavy drinkers	T055	C0337678
28295414	1313	1322	treatment	T061	C0087111
28295414	1327	1340	characterized	T052	C1880022
28295414	1350	1361	probability	T081	C0033204
28295414	1375	1388	transitioning	T052	C2700061
28295414	1408	1422	heavy drinking	T033	C0556345
28295414	1423	1428	state	T169	C1442792
28295414	1434	1448	heavy drinking	T033	C0556345
28295414	1449	1454	state	T169	C1442792
28295414	1484	1498	heavy drinkers	T055	C0337678
28295414	1516	1530	heavy drinking	T033	C0556345
28295414	1531	1540	threshold	T080	C0449864
28295414	1541	1557	during treatment	T079	C2709058
28295414	1558	1566	reported	T058	C0700287
28295414	1571	1578	average	T081	C1510992
28295414	1586	1595	reduction	T061	C0441610
28295414	1599	1617	drinking frequency	T033	C0556327
28295414	1628	1637	reduction	T061	C0441610
28295414	1641	1649	drinking	T055	C0001948
28295414	1665	1677	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
28295414	1678	1686	drinking	T055	C0001948
28295414	1687	1693	levels	T080	C0441889
28295414	1699	1706	results	T034	C0456984
28295414	1712	1721	stability	T080	C0205360
28295414	1728	1742	heavy drinking	T033	C0556345
28295414	1749	1756	outcome	T169	C1274040
28295414	1776	1782	months	T079	C0439231
28295414	1786	1795	treatment	T061	C0087111
28295414	1815	1820	drink	T168	C0001967
28295414	1821	1827	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28295414	1849	1859	reductions	T061	C0441610
28295414	1863	1882	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28295414	1894	1902	patients	T101	C0030705
28295414	1911	1918	studies	T062	C2603343
28295414	1938	1946	clinical	T080	C0205210
28295414	1958	1967	reduction	T061	C0441610
28295414	1968	1978	end points	T080	C2349179

28295770|t|Differences in depression, treatment satisfaction and injection behavior in adults with type 1 diabetes and different degrees of lipohypertrophy
28295770|a|To assess the prevalence of lipohypertrophy, and to compare differences in external, personal, and regimen factors in adults with type 1 diabetes and different degrees of lipohypertrophy. Suboptimal insulin injection behavior is associated with lipohypertrophy, which may affect insulin absorption and lead to blood glucose fluctuations. Few, if any studies have investigated how external, personal, and regimen factors differ in people with type 1 diabetes and different degrees of lipohypertrophy. A cross-sectional study including adults with type 1 diabetes at a diabetes outpatient clinic in a Norwegian university hospital. Participants (n=215) were included consecutively at scheduled appointments. Sociodemographic -, diabetes - and insulin treatment data, and self-report questionnaires concerning patient activation (PAM), depression (PHQ-2), diabetes distress (DDS), type D personality (DS14), treatment satisfaction (ITSQ), and motivation (TSRQ), were collected. Lipohypertrophic injection sites were identified by palpation by diabetes specialist nurses. Lipohypertrophy was present in 53% and was more frequent in insulin pen users (63%) compared to insulin pump users (34%). Participants with two or more lipohypertrophic areas had higher depression scores, lower treatment satisfaction with glycemic control, higher bolus doses, and reported suboptimal injection behavior compared to those with no lipohypertrophic areas. There were no differences in patient activation, diabetes distress, type D personality, or motivation between the groups. Compared to pump treatment, pen treatment requires greater awareness of injection technique. Depressive symptoms and lower treatment satisfaction might affect diabetes self-management and glycemic control, but the association with lipohypertrophy needs further exploration. Lipohypertrophy is more frequent in insulin pen users compared to pump users. Nurses should focus on injection technique education, and should also screen for depressive symptoms and treatment satisfaction as those factors could be associated with development of lipohypertrophy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28295770	0	11	Differences	T080	C1705242
28295770	15	25	depression	T033	C0344315
28295770	27	49	treatment satisfaction	T033	C3476649
28295770	54	72	injection behavior	T033	C0556406
28295770	76	82	adults	T100	C0001675
28295770	88	103	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28295770	108	117	different	T080	C1705242
28295770	118	125	degrees	T081	C0449286
28295770	129	144	lipohypertrophy	T047	C1262113
28295770	148	154	assess	T058	C0184514
28295770	159	169	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28295770	173	188	lipohypertrophy	T047	C1262113
28295770	197	204	compare	T052	C1707455
28295770	205	216	differences	T080	C1705242
28295770	220	228	external	T080	C0205556
28295770	230	238	personal	T080	C0205556
28295770	244	251	regimen	T061	C0040808
28295770	252	259	factors	T169	C1521761
28295770	263	269	adults	T100	C0001675
28295770	275	290	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28295770	295	304	different	T080	C1705242
28295770	305	312	degrees	T081	C0449286
28295770	316	331	lipohypertrophy	T047	C1262113
28295770	333	343	Suboptimal	T080	C2984009
28295770	344	351	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28295770	352	370	injection behavior	T033	C0556406
28295770	374	389	associated with	T080	C0332281
28295770	390	405	lipohypertrophy	T047	C1262113
28295770	424	431	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28295770	432	442	absorption	T067	C2347023
28295770	455	468	blood glucose	T109	C0005802
28295770	469	481	fluctuations	T184	C0231239
28295770	495	502	studies	T062	C0008972
28295770	508	520	investigated	T169	C1292732
28295770	525	533	external	T080	C0205556
28295770	535	543	personal	T080	C0205556
28295770	549	556	regimen	T061	C0040808
28295770	557	564	factors	T169	C1521761
28295770	565	571	differ	T080	C1705242
28295770	575	581	people	T098	C0027361
28295770	587	602	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28295770	617	624	degrees	T081	C0449286
28295770	628	643	lipohypertrophy	T047	C1262113
28295770	647	668	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28295770	679	685	adults	T100	C0001675
28295770	691	706	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28295770	712	731	diabetes outpatient	T101	C0029921
28295770	732	738	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28295770	744	773	Norwegian university hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28295770	775	787	Participants	T098	C0679646
28295770	810	823	consecutively	T080	C1707491
28295770	827	849	scheduled appointments	T079	C0003630
28295770	851	867	Sociodemographic	T090	C0011298
28295770	871	879	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28295770	886	893	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28295770	894	903	treatment	T061	C0087111
28295770	904	908	data	T078	C1511726
28295770	914	940	self-report questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28295770	952	970	patient activation	T058	C3853034
28295770	972	975	PAM	T170	C4075707
28295770	978	988	depression	T033	C0344315
28295770	990	995	PHQ-2	T170	C2706101
28295770	998	1015	diabetes distress	T033	C0231303
28295770	1017	1020	DDS	T170	C0282574
28295770	1023	1041	type D personality	T041	C3658239
28295770	1043	1047	DS14	T170	C0282574
28295770	1050	1072	treatment satisfaction	T033	C3476649
28295770	1074	1078	ITSQ	T170	C0451116
28295770	1085	1095	motivation	T041	C0026605
28295770	1097	1101	TSRQ	T170	C0282574
28295770	1120	1136	Lipohypertrophic	T047	C1262113
28295770	1137	1152	injection sites	T169	C0600077
28295770	1172	1181	palpation	T060	C0030247
28295770	1185	1211	diabetes specialist nurses	T097	C0028661
28295770	1213	1228	Lipohypertrophy	T047	C1262113
28295770	1233	1240	present	T033	C0150312
28295770	1261	1269	frequent	T079	C0332183
28295770	1273	1284	insulin pen	T074	C0181364
28295770	1285	1290	users	T098	C1706077
28295770	1297	1305	compared	T052	C1707455
28295770	1309	1321	insulin pump	T074	C1140609
28295770	1322	1327	users	T098	C1706077
28295770	1335	1347	Participants	T098	C0679646
28295770	1365	1381	lipohypertrophic	T047	C1262113
28295770	1382	1387	areas	T082	C1254362
28295770	1399	1416	depression scores	T033	C3483981
28295770	1418	1423	lower	T052	C2003888
28295770	1424	1446	treatment satisfaction	T033	C3476649
28295770	1452	1468	glycemic control	T046	C0342299
28295770	1470	1476	higher	T080	C0205250
28295770	1477	1488	bolus doses	T061	C1511237
28295770	1503	1513	suboptimal	T080	C2984009
28295770	1514	1532	injection behavior	T033	C0556406
28295770	1533	1541	compared	T052	C1707455
28295770	1559	1581	lipohypertrophic areas	T047	C1262113
28295770	1597	1608	differences	T080	C1705242
28295770	1612	1630	patient activation	T058	C3853034
28295770	1632	1649	diabetes distress	T033	C0231303
28295770	1651	1669	type D personality	T041	C3658239
28295770	1674	1684	motivation	T041	C0026605
28295770	1697	1703	groups	T078	C0441833
28295770	1705	1713	Compared	T052	C1707455
28295770	1717	1721	pump	T074	C1140609
28295770	1722	1731	treatment	T061	C0087111
28295770	1733	1736	pen	T074	C0181364
28295770	1737	1746	treatment	T061	C0087111
28295770	1756	1763	greater	T081	C1704243
28295770	1764	1773	awareness	T041	C0004448
28295770	1777	1796	injection technique	T169	C2960425
28295770	1798	1817	Depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28295770	1822	1827	lower	T052	C2003888
28295770	1828	1850	treatment satisfaction	T033	C3476649
28295770	1864	1872	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28295770	1873	1888	self-management	T058	C0086969
28295770	1893	1909	glycemic control	T046	C0342299
28295770	1919	1935	association with	T080	C0332281
28295770	1936	1951	lipohypertrophy	T047	C1262113
28295770	1979	1994	Lipohypertrophy	T047	C1262113
28295770	2003	2011	frequent	T079	C0332183
28295770	2015	2026	insulin pen	T074	C0181364
28295770	2027	2032	users	T098	C1706077
28295770	2033	2041	compared	T052	C1707455
28295770	2045	2049	pump	T074	C1140609
28295770	2050	2055	users	T098	C1706077
28295770	2057	2063	Nurses	T097	C0028661
28295770	2080	2099	injection technique	T169	C2960425
28295770	2100	2109	education	T065	C0013621
28295770	2127	2133	screen	T058	C0220908
28295770	2138	2157	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28295770	2162	2184	treatment satisfaction	T033	C3476649
28295770	2194	2201	factors	T169	C1521761
28295770	2211	2226	associated with	T080	C0332281
28295770	2227	2238	development	T169	C1527148
28295770	2242	2257	lipohypertrophy	T047	C1262113

28295777|t|Can LDL cholesterol be too low? Possible risks of extremely low levels
28295777|a|Following the continuous accumulation of evidence supporting the beneficial role of reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its complications, therapeutic possibilities now exist to lower LDL-C to very low levels, similar to or even lower than those seen in newborns and nonhuman species. In addition to the important task of evaluating potential side effects of such treatments, the question arises whether extremely low LDL-C levels per se may provoke adverse effects in humans. In this review, we summarize information from studies of human cellular and organ physiology, phenotypic characterization of rare genetic diseases of lipid metabolism, and experience from clinical trials. Specifically, we emphasize the importance of the robustness of the regulatory systems that maintain balanced fluxes and levels of cholesterol at both cellular and organismal levels. Even at extremely low LDL-C levels, critical capacities of steroid hormone and bile acid production are preserved, and the presence of a cholesterol blood-brain barrier protects cells in the central nervous system. Apparent relationships sometimes reported between less pronounced low LDL-C levels and disease states such as cancer, depression, infectious disease and others can generally be explained as secondary phenomena. Drug-related side effects including an increased propensity for development of type 2 diabetes occur during statin treatment, whilst further evaluation of more potent LDL - lowering treatments such as PCSK9 inhibitors is needed. Experience from the recently reported and ongoing large event-driven trials are of great interest, and further evaluation including careful analysis of cognitive functions will be important.
28295777	4	19	LDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
28295777	27	30	low	T081	C1611820
28295777	41	46	risks	T078	C0035647
28295777	50	59	extremely	T080	C0205403
28295777	60	63	low	T081	C1611820
28295777	64	70	levels	T080	C0441889
28295777	85	95	continuous	T078	C0549178
28295777	96	108	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28295777	112	120	evidence	T078	C3887511
28295777	155	163	reducing	T080	C0392756
28295777	164	214	low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels	T059	C0202117
28295777	222	231	treatment	T169	C1522326
28295777	236	246	prevention	T080	C2700409
28295777	250	288	atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease	T047	C0004153
28295777	297	310	complications	T046	C0009566
28295777	312	337	therapeutic possibilities	T169	C0039798
28295777	351	356	lower	T081	C1611820
28295777	357	362	LDL-C	T059	C0202117
28295777	371	374	low	T081	C1611820
28295777	375	381	levels	T080	C0441889
28295777	402	407	lower	T081	C1611820
28295777	427	435	newborns	T100	C0021289
28295777	440	456	nonhuman species	T008	C0003062
28295777	477	486	important	T080	C3898777
28295777	487	491	task	T057	C3540678
28295777	495	505	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28295777	506	515	potential	T080	C3245505
28295777	516	528	side effects	T046	C0879626
28295777	537	547	treatments	T169	C1522326
28295777	577	586	extremely	T080	C0205403
28295777	587	590	low	T081	C1611820
28295777	591	603	LDL-C levels	T059	C0202117
28295777	615	622	provoke	T078	C0085978
28295777	623	638	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28295777	642	648	humans	T016	C0086418
28295777	658	664	review	T170	C0282443
28295777	696	703	studies	T062	C0008972
28295777	707	712	human	T016	C0086418
28295777	713	721	cellular	T025	C0007634
28295777	726	742	organ physiology	T039	C0031843
28295777	744	754	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28295777	755	771	characterization	T052	C1880022
28295777	775	779	rare	T080	C0522498
28295777	780	796	genetic diseases	T047	C0019247
28295777	800	816	lipid metabolism	T044	C0598783
28295777	838	853	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28295777	886	896	importance	T080	C3898777
28295777	904	914	robustness	T080	C2986815
28295777	946	954	maintain	T052	C0024501
28295777	955	963	balanced	T040	C0014653
28295777	964	970	fluxes	T070	C2348693
28295777	975	996	levels of cholesterol	T034	C0428466
28295777	1005	1013	cellular	T025	C0007634
28295777	1018	1028	organismal	T001	C0029235
28295777	1029	1035	levels	T080	C0441889
28295777	1045	1054	extremely	T080	C0205403
28295777	1055	1058	low	T081	C1611820
28295777	1059	1071	LDL-C levels	T059	C0202117
28295777	1073	1081	critical	T080	C1511545
28295777	1082	1092	capacities	T081	C1516240
28295777	1096	1111	steroid hormone	T109,T125	C0301818
28295777	1116	1136	bile acid production	T044	C1157403
28295777	1141	1150	preserved	T059	C0033085
28295777	1160	1168	presence	T033	C0150312
28295777	1174	1185	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28295777	1186	1205	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
28295777	1206	1220	protects cells	T039	C0524828
28295777	1228	1250	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
28295777	1252	1260	Apparent	T078	C0750489
28295777	1261	1274	relationships	T080	C0439849
28295777	1318	1321	low	T081	C1611820
28295777	1322	1334	LDL-C levels	T059	C0202117
28295777	1339	1353	disease states	T033	C3887610
28295777	1362	1368	cancer	T191	C0006826
28295777	1370	1380	depression	T048	C0011581
28295777	1382	1400	infectious disease	T047	C0009450
28295777	1442	1451	secondary	T080	C0175668
28295777	1452	1461	phenomena	T067	C1882365
28295777	1463	1488	Drug-related side effects	T046	C0041755
28295777	1502	1511	increased	T081	C0205217
28295777	1512	1522	propensity	T081	C2718044
28295777	1527	1538	development	T169	C1527148
28295777	1542	1557	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28295777	1571	1587	statin treatment	T058	C1314135
28295777	1604	1614	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28295777	1630	1633	LDL	T109,T123	C0023824
28295777	1636	1644	lowering	T081	C1611820
28295777	1645	1655	treatments	T169	C1522326
28295777	1664	1680	PCSK9 inhibitors	T044	C4051516
28295777	1748	1760	event-driven	T051	C0441471
28295777	1761	1767	trials	T062	C0008976
28295777	1803	1813	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28295777	1832	1840	analysis	T062	C0936012
28295777	1844	1863	cognitive functions	T169	C1516691

28295838|t|Chasing ghosts: allopolyploid origin of Oxyria sinensis (Polygonaceae) from its only diploid congener and an unknown ancestor
28295838|a|Reconstructing the origin of a polyploid species is particularly challenging when an ancestor has become extinct. Under such circumstances, the extinct donor of a genome found in the polyploid may be treated as a 'ghost' species in that its prior existence is recognized through the presence of its genome in the polyploid. In this study, we aimed to determine the polyploid origin of Oxyria sinensis (2n = 40) for which only one congeneric species is known, that is diploid O. digyna (2n = 14). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), transcriptome, phylogenetic and demographic analyses, and ecological niche modelling were conducted for this purpose. GISH revealed that O. sinensis comprised 14 chromosomes from O. digyna and 26 chromosomes from an unknown ancestor. Transcriptome analysis indicated that following divergence from O. digyna, involving genome duplication around 12 million years ago (Ma), a second genome duplication occurred approximately 6 Ma to give rise to O. sinensis. Oxyria sinensis was shown to contain homologous gene sequences divergent from those present in O. digyna in addition to a set that clustered with those in O. digyna. Coalescent simulations indicated that O. sinensis expanded its distribution approximately 6-7 Ma, possibly following the second polyploidization event, whereas O. digyna expanded its range much later. It was also indicated that the distributions of both species contracted and re-expanded during the Pleistocene climatic oscillations. Ecological niche modelling similarly suggested that both species experienced changes in their distributional ranges in response to Quaternary climatic changes. The extinction of the unknown 'ghost' tetraploid species implicated in the origin of O. sinensis could have resulted from superior adaptation of O. sinensis to repeated climatic changes in the region where it now occurs.
28295838	40	55	Oxyria sinensis	T002	C1066614
28295838	57	69	Polygonaceae	T002	C0524882
28295838	85	92	diploid	T032	C0012568
28295838	93	101	congener	T104	C0678518
28295838	117	125	ancestor	T099	C0870134
28295838	145	151	origin	T070	C0005495
28295838	157	166	polyploid	T049	C0032578
28295838	167	174	species	T185	C1705920
28295838	211	219	ancestor	T099	C0870134
28295838	231	238	extinct	T070	C1720991
28295838	270	277	extinct	T070	C1720991
28295838	289	295	genome	T028	C0017428
28295838	309	318	polyploid	T049	C0032578
28295838	347	354	species	T185	C1705920
28295838	373	382	existence	T081	C1547035
28295838	409	417	presence	T080	C3854307
28295838	425	431	genome	T028	C0017428
28295838	439	448	polyploid	T049	C0032578
28295838	491	500	polyploid	T049	C0032578
28295838	501	507	origin	T070	C0005495
28295838	511	526	Oxyria sinensis	T002	C1066614
28295838	556	566	congeneric	T104	C0678518
28295838	567	574	species	T185	C1705920
28295838	593	600	diploid	T032	C0012568
28295838	601	610	O. digyna	T002	C1481306
28295838	622	651	Genomic in situ hybridization	T063	C0162788
28295838	653	657	GISH	T063	C0162788
28295838	660	673	transcriptome	T059,T063	C0752248
28295838	675	687	phylogenetic	T062	C1519068
28295838	692	712	demographic analyses	T062	C0011289
28295838	718	744	ecological niche modelling	T170	C0282574
28295838	778	782	GISH	T063	C0162788
28295838	797	808	O. sinensis	T002	C1066614
28295838	822	833	chromosomes	T026	C1135923
28295838	839	848	O. digyna	T002	C1481306
28295838	856	867	chromosomes	T026	C1135923
28295838	884	892	ancestor	T099	C0870134
28295838	894	916	Transcriptome analysis	T059,T063	C0752248
28295838	942	952	divergence	T082	C0443204
28295838	958	967	O. digyna	T002	C1481306
28295838	979	997	genome duplication	T045	C0017261
28295838	1041	1059	genome duplication	T045	C0017261
28295838	1104	1115	O. sinensis	T002	C1066614
28295838	1117	1132	Oxyria sinensis	T002	C1066614
28295838	1154	1179	homologous gene sequences	T085	C0162774
28295838	1180	1189	divergent	T082	C0443204
28295838	1212	1221	O. digyna	T002	C1481306
28295838	1248	1257	clustered	T028	C0017258
28295838	1272	1281	O. digyna	T002	C1481306
28295838	1283	1305	Coalescent simulations	T170	C0876936
28295838	1321	1332	O. sinensis	T002	C1066614
28295838	1346	1358	distribution	T067	C3494413
28295838	1411	1433	polyploidization event	T049	C0032578
28295838	1443	1452	O. digyna	T002	C1481306
28295838	1515	1528	distributions	T067	C3494413
28295838	1537	1544	species	T185	C1705920
28295838	1545	1571	contracted and re-expanded	T169	C0205245
28295838	1583	1616	Pleistocene climatic oscillations	T070	C3826560
28295838	1618	1644	Ecological niche modelling	T170	C0282574
28295838	1675	1682	species	T185	C1705920
28295838	1712	1726	distributional	T067	C3494413
28295838	1749	1776	Quaternary climatic changes	T070	C3826560
28295838	1782	1792	extinction	T070	C1720991
28295838	1816	1826	tetraploid	T049	C0333694
28295838	1827	1834	species	T185	C1705920
28295838	1853	1859	origin	T070	C0005495
28295838	1863	1874	O. sinensis	T002	C1066614
28295838	1909	1919	adaptation	T040	C0000934
28295838	1923	1934	O. sinensis	T002	C1066614
28295838	1938	1963	repeated climatic changes	T070	C3826560

28295933|t|High concordance of findings obtained from transgluteal magnetic resonance imaging - and transrectal ultrasonography - guided biopsy as compared with prostatectomy specimens
28295933|a|To determine the utility of our transgluteal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)- guided prostate biopsy approach. A total of 960 biopsy series, taken within the period of 1 year, were evaluated, including 301 MRI-guided and 659 transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)- guided biopsies. The positivity rate and proportion of high grade cancers were significantly higher in MRI-guided than in TRUS - guided biopsies. Of 301 MRI-guided biopsies, 65.4% contained cancer while 57.2% of 659 TRUS biopsies contained cancer (P = 0.016). Gleason grade 3 + 3 = 6 disease was observed in 16.8% of 197 MRI-guided and in 36.1% of 377 TRUS - guided biopsies (P < 0.001). There was also a markedly higher quantity of cancer tissue in MRI-guided biopsies. In all cancers, the mean cancer surface area was 64.8 ± 51.6 mm(2) in MRI-guided biopsies as compared with 23.0 ± 31.4 mm(2) in non-MRI-guided biopsies (P < 0.001). With respect to the tissue quantity, superiority of MRI-guided biopsy was highest in Gleason grade 3 + 3 = 6 cancers (20.9 ± 27.9 vs 5.1 ± 10.2 mm(2); P < 0.001) and in Gleason grade 3 + 4 = 7 cancers (59.7 ± 38.0 vs 17.7 ± 18.4 mm(2); P < 0.001). Comparison of biopsy Gleason grades with findings in prostatectomy specimens was possible in 80 patients with MRI-guided and in 170 patients with non-MRI-guided biopsies. This comparison showed a very high but almost identical concordance of TRUS - and MRI-guided biopsies with the prostatectomy specimen findings. With both approaches, undetected high-risk cancers were present in ~10% of patients with low-risk biopsy results. A significant difference was observed, however, in the proportion of patients who had clinically insignificant cancers and who underwent surgery. The proportion of patients with Gleason grade 3 + 3 = 6 carcinoma in their prostatectomy specimen was 11.2% in the post - TRUS biopsy cohort, but only 2.5% in the post - MRI biopsy cohort (P = 0.021). MRI-guided transgluteal prostate biopsy has a high detection rate for high-risk carcinomas, while the risk of detecting clinically insignificant carcinomas appears to be reduced. This may by itself lead to a reduction of unnecessary prostatectomies. Overtreatment may be further avoided by better applicability of molecular testing to MRI-guided biopsies because of the excessive amount of tissue available for analysis, especially in patients with potential low-risk carcinomas.
28295933	0	4	High	T080	C0205250
28295933	20	28	findings	T033	C0243095
28295933	29	37	obtained	T169	C1301820
28295933	43	55	transgluteal	T082	C0444462
28295933	56	82	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28295933	89	116	transrectal ultrasonography	T060	C0373345
28295933	119	132	guided biopsy	T060	C0456900
28295933	136	144	compared	T052	C1707455
28295933	150	163	prostatectomy	T061	C0033573
28295933	164	173	specimens	T077	C2347026
28295933	191	198	utility	T169	C0457083
28295933	206	218	transgluteal	T082	C0444462
28295933	219	245	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28295933	247	250	MRI	T060	C0024485
28295933	253	275	guided prostate biopsy	T060	C0456852
28295933	301	307	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28295933	308	314	series	T081	C0205549
28295933	333	339	period	T079	C1948053
28295933	345	349	year	T079	C0439234
28295933	356	365	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28295933	381	391	MRI-guided	T060	C0456854
28295933	400	427	transrectal ultrasonography	T060	C0373345
28295933	429	433	TRUS	T060	C0373345
28295933	436	451	guided biopsies	T060	C0456900
28295933	457	467	positivity	T033	C1446409
28295933	468	472	rate	T081	C1521828
28295933	477	487	proportion	T081	C1709707
28295933	491	501	high grade	T033	C1962917
28295933	502	509	cancers	T191	C0006826
28295933	515	535	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28295933	539	549	MRI-guided	T060	C0456854
28295933	558	562	TRUS	T060	C0373345
28295933	565	580	guided biopsies	T060	C0456900
28295933	589	608	MRI-guided biopsies	T060	C0456854
28295933	626	632	cancer	T191	C0006826
28295933	652	656	TRUS	T060	C0373345
28295933	657	665	biopsies	T060	C0456900
28295933	666	675	contained	T169	C0332256
28295933	676	682	cancer	T191	C0006826
28295933	684	685	P	T081	C1709380
28295933	696	709	Gleason grade	T033	C3203027
28295933	732	740	observed	T169	C1441672
28295933	757	767	MRI-guided	T060	C0456854
28295933	788	792	TRUS	T060	C0373345
28295933	795	810	guided biopsies	T060	C0456900
28295933	812	813	P	T081	C1709380
28295933	850	856	higher	T080	C0205250
28295933	857	865	quantity	T081	C1265611
28295933	869	882	cancer tissue	T191	C0027656
28295933	886	905	MRI-guided biopsies	T060	C0456854
28295933	914	921	cancers	T191	C0006826
28295933	932	938	cancer	T191	C0006826
28295933	939	951	surface area	T082	C0205146
28295933	977	996	MRI-guided biopsies	T060	C0456854
28295933	1060	1061	P	T081	C1709380
28295933	1092	1098	tissue	T191	C0027656
28295933	1099	1107	quantity	T081	C1265611
28295933	1109	1120	superiority	T082	C1282910
28295933	1124	1141	MRI-guided biopsy	T060	C0456854
28295933	1146	1153	highest	T080	C1522410
28295933	1157	1170	Gleason grade	T033	C3203027
28295933	1181	1188	cancers	T191	C0006826
28295933	1223	1224	P	T081	C1709380
28295933	1241	1254	Gleason grade	T033	C3203027
28295933	1265	1272	cancers	T191	C0006826
28295933	1308	1309	P	T081	C1709380
28295933	1320	1330	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28295933	1334	1340	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28295933	1341	1355	Gleason grades	T033	C3203027
28295933	1361	1369	findings	T033	C0243095
28295933	1373	1386	prostatectomy	T061	C0033573
28295933	1387	1396	specimens	T077	C2347026
28295933	1416	1424	patients	T101	C0030705
28295933	1430	1440	MRI-guided	T060	C0456854
28295933	1452	1460	patients	T101	C0030705
28295933	1496	1506	comparison	T052	C1707455
28295933	1521	1525	high	T080	C0205250
28295933	1537	1546	identical	T080	C0205280
28295933	1562	1566	TRUS	T060	C0373345
28295933	1573	1592	MRI-guided biopsies	T060	C0456854
28295933	1602	1615	prostatectomy	T061	C0033573
28295933	1616	1624	specimen	T077	C2347026
28295933	1625	1633	findings	T033	C0243095
28295933	1657	1667	undetected	T033	C0442737
28295933	1668	1685	high-risk cancers	T191	C1512441
28295933	1691	1698	present	T033	C0150312
28295933	1710	1718	patients	T101	C0030705
28295933	1724	1732	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28295933	1733	1739	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28295933	1740	1747	results	T034	C0456984
28295933	1751	1762	significant	T078	C0750502
28295933	1778	1786	observed	T169	C1441672
28295933	1804	1814	proportion	T081	C1709707
28295933	1818	1826	patients	T101	C0030705
28295933	1835	1845	clinically	T080	C0205210
28295933	1846	1859	insignificant	T033	C1273937
28295933	1860	1867	cancers	T191	C0006826
28295933	1886	1893	surgery	T061	C0543467
28295933	1899	1909	proportion	T081	C1709707
28295933	1913	1921	patients	T101	C0030705
28295933	1927	1940	Gleason grade	T033	C3203027
28295933	1951	1960	carcinoma	T191	C0007097
28295933	1970	1983	prostatectomy	T061	C0033573
28295933	1984	1992	specimen	T077	C2347026
28295933	2010	2014	post	T079	C0687676
28295933	2017	2021	TRUS	T060	C0373345
28295933	2022	2028	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28295933	2029	2035	cohort	T098	C0599755
28295933	2058	2062	post	T079	C0687676
28295933	2065	2075	MRI biopsy	T060	C0456854
28295933	2076	2082	cohort	T098	C0599755
28295933	2084	2085	P	T081	C1709380
28295933	2096	2106	MRI-guided	T060	C0456854
28295933	2107	2119	transgluteal	T082	C0444462
28295933	2120	2135	prostate biopsy	T060	C0194804
28295933	2142	2146	high	T080	C0205250
28295933	2147	2156	detection	T061	C1511790
28295933	2157	2161	rate	T081	C1521828
28295933	2166	2186	high-risk carcinomas	T191	C1512441
28295933	2198	2202	risk	T078	C0035647
28295933	2206	2215	detecting	T061	C1511790
28295933	2216	2226	clinically	T080	C0205210
28295933	2227	2240	insignificant	T033	C1273937
28295933	2241	2251	carcinomas	T191	C0007097
28295933	2266	2273	reduced	T080	C0392756
28295933	2304	2313	reduction	T080	C0392756
28295933	2317	2344	unnecessary prostatectomies	T061	C0376707
28295933	2346	2359	Overtreatment	T058	C4046039
28295933	2410	2427	molecular testing	T059	C0752096
28295933	2431	2450	MRI-guided biopsies	T060	C0456854
28295933	2466	2475	excessive	T080	C0442802
28295933	2476	2482	amount	T081	C1265611
28295933	2486	2492	tissue	T191	C0027656
28295933	2493	2502	available	T169	C0470187
28295933	2507	2515	analysis	T062	C0936012
28295933	2531	2539	patients	T101	C0030705
28295933	2545	2554	potential	T080	C3245505
28295933	2555	2563	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28295933	2564	2574	carcinomas	T191	C0007097

28295953|t|Three-dimensional carbon nanotube scaffolds for long-term maintenance and expansion of human mesenchymal stem cells
28295953|a|Expansion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and maintenance of their self-renewal capacity in vitro requires specialized robust cell culture systems. Conventional approaches using animal-derived or artificial matrices and a cocktail of growth factors have limitations such as consistency, scalability, pathogenicity, and loss of MSC phenotype. Herein, we report the use of all-carbon 3-D single - and multiwalled carbon nanotube scaffolds (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) as artificial matrices for long-term maintenance and expansion of human MSCs. Three-dimensional SWCNT and MWCNT scaffolds were fabricated using a novel radical initiated thermal cross-linking method that covalently cross-links CNTs to form 3-D macroporous all-carbon architectures. Adipose-derived human MSCs showed good cell viability, attachment, proliferation, and infiltration in MWCNT and SWCNT scaffolds comparable to poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) scaffolds (baseline control). ADSCs retained stem cell phenotype after 30 days and satisfied the International Society for Cellular Therapy's (ISCT) minimal criteria for MSCs. Post expansion, (1) ADSCs showed in vitro adherence to tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS); (2) MSC surface antigen expression [CD14 (-), CD19 (-), CD34 (-), CD45 (-), CD73 (+), CD90 (+), CD105 (+)]; and (3) trilineage differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. Results show that cross-linked 3-D MWCNTs and SWCNTs scaffolds are suitable for ex vivo expansion and maintenance of MSCs for therapeutic applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2017.
28295953	0	17	Three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28295953	18	33	carbon nanotube	T104	C1138408
28295953	34	43	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28295953	87	92	human	T016	C0086418
28295953	93	115	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28295953	129	151	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28295953	153	157	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28295953	184	196	self-renewal	T043	C1155711
28295953	197	205	capacity	T081	C1516240
28295953	206	214	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28295953	243	263	cell culture systems	T063	C1516329
28295953	295	309	animal-derived	T073	C3273359
28295953	313	332	artificial matrices	T073	C3273359
28295953	351	365	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28295953	391	402	consistency	T080	C0332529
28295953	404	415	scalability	T080	C0205556
28295953	417	430	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
28295953	444	447	MSC	T025	C1257975
28295953	448	457	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28295953	499	502	3-D	T082	C0450363
28295953	503	509	single	T104	C1138408
28295953	516	543	multiwalled carbon nanotube	T104	C1138408
28295953	544	553	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28295953	555	561	SWCNTs	T104	C1138408
28295953	566	572	MWCNTs	T104	C1138408
28295953	577	596	artificial matrices	T073	C3273359
28295953	640	645	human	T016	C0086418
28295953	646	650	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28295953	652	669	Three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28295953	670	675	SWCNT	T104	C1138408
28295953	680	685	MWCNT	T104	C1138408
28295953	686	695	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28295953	744	765	thermal cross-linking	T169	C0332220
28295953	778	788	covalently	T044	C1511539
28295953	789	800	cross-links	T070	C0178576
28295953	801	805	CNTs	T104	C1138408
28295953	814	817	3-D	T082	C0450363
28295953	818	829	macroporous	T082	C1254362
28295953	841	854	architectures	T082	C1179586
28295953	856	882	Adipose-derived human MSCs	T025	C1257975
28295953	895	909	cell viability	T043	C0007620
28295953	911	921	attachment	T052	C1947904
28295953	923	936	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28295953	958	963	MWCNT	T104	C1138408
28295953	968	973	SWCNT	T104	C1138408
28295953	974	983	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28295953	998	1027	poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid	T109,T122	C0071599
28295953	1029	1033	PLGA	T109,T122	C0071599
28295953	1035	1044	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28295953	1046	1054	baseline	T081	C1442488
28295953	1055	1062	control	T167	C1550141
28295953	1065	1070	ADSCs	T025	C1257975
28295953	1080	1089	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28295953	1090	1099	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28295953	1132	1176	International Society for Cellular Therapy's	T092	C1561598
28295953	1178	1182	ISCT	T092	C1561598
28295953	1205	1209	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28295953	1231	1236	ADSCs	T025	C1257975
28295953	1244	1252	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28295953	1266	1292	tissue culture polystyrene	T109,T122	C0032604
28295953	1294	1298	TCPS	T109,T122	C0032604
28295953	1305	1308	MSC	T025	C1257975
28295953	1309	1324	surface antigen	T129	C0003339
28295953	1325	1335	expression	T045	C1171362
28295953	1337	1341	CD14	T116,T129,T192	C0108768
28295953	1347	1351	CD19	T116,T129	C0108748
28295953	1357	1361	CD34	T116,T129	C0054953
28295953	1367	1371	CD45	T116,T126,T129	C0054961
28295953	1377	1381	CD73	T116,T126,T129	C0000530
28295953	1387	1391	CD90	T116,T129	C0076570
28295953	1397	1402	CD105	T116,T129	C0082420
28295953	1417	1443	trilineage differentiation	T043	C0007589
28295953	1449	1460	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
28295953	1462	1472	adipocytes	T025	C0206131
28295953	1478	1490	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28295953	1523	1526	3-D	T082	C0450363
28295953	1527	1533	MWCNTs	T104	C1138408
28295953	1538	1544	SWCNTs	T104	C1138408
28295953	1545	1554	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28295953	1572	1579	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28295953	1609	1613	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28295953	1618	1629	therapeutic	T061	C0087111

28296582|t|Randomized Trial of a Hypofractionated Radiation Regimen for the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer
28296582|a|Purpose Men with localized prostate cancer often are treated with external radiotherapy (RT) over 8 to 9 weeks. Hypofractionated RT is given over a shorter time with larger doses per treatment than standard RT. We hypothesized that hypofractionation versus conventional fractionation is similar in efficacy without increased toxicity. Patients and Methods We conducted a multicenter randomized noninferiority trial in intermediate-risk prostate cancer (T1 to 2a, Gleason score ≤ 6, and prostate-specific antigen [PSA] 10.1 to 20 ng/mL; T2b to 2c, Gleason ≤ 6, and PSA ≤ 20 ng/mL; or T1 to 2, Gleason = 7, and PSA ≤ 20 ng/mL). Patients were allocated to conventional RT of 78 Gy in 39 fractions over 8 weeks or to hypofractionated RT of 60 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks. Androgen deprivation was not permitted with therapy. The primary outcome was biochemical-clinical failure (BCF) defined by any of the following: PSA failure (nadir + 2), hormonal intervention, clinical local or distant failure, or death as a result of prostate cancer. The noninferiority margin was 7.5% (hazard ratio, < 1.32). Results Median follow-up was 6.0 years. One hundred nine of 608 patients in the hypofractionated arm versus 117 of 598 in the standard arm experienced BCF. Most of the events were PSA failures. The 5- year BCF disease-free survival was 85% in both arms (hazard ratio [short v standard], 0.96; 90% CI, 0.77 to 1.2). Ten deaths as a result of prostate cancer occurred in the short arm and 12 in the standard arm. No significant differences were detected between arms for grade ≥ 3 late genitourinary and GI toxicity. Conclusion The hypofractionated RT regimen used in this trial was not inferior to conventional RT and was not associated with increased late toxicity. Hypofractionated RT is more convenient for patients and should be considered for intermediate-risk prostate cancer.
28296582	0	16	Randomized Trial	T062	C0034656
28296582	22	56	Hypofractionated Radiation Regimen	T061	C1831786
28296582	65	74	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28296582	78	87	Localized	T082	C0392752
28296582	88	103	Prostate Cancer	T191	C0376358
28296582	112	115	Men	T098	C0025266
28296582	121	130	localized	T082	C0392752
28296582	131	146	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28296582	157	164	treated	T169	C1522326
28296582	170	191	external radiotherapy	T061	C1517033
28296582	193	195	RT	T061	C1522449
28296582	209	214	weeks	T079	C0439230
28296582	216	235	Hypofractionated RT	T061	C1831786
28296582	252	264	shorter time	T079	C0040223
28296582	270	282	larger doses	T081	C0178602
28296582	287	296	treatment	T061	C0087111
28296582	302	310	standard	T080	C1442989
28296582	311	313	RT	T061	C1522449
28296582	336	353	hypofractionation	T061	C4042795
28296582	361	387	conventional fractionation	T061	C0524811
28296582	391	398	similar	T080	C2348205
28296582	402	410	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28296582	419	428	increased	T081	C0205217
28296582	429	437	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28296582	439	447	Patients	T101	C0030705
28296582	475	518	multicenter randomized noninferiority trial	T062	C0206012
28296582	522	539	intermediate-risk	T033	C3640764
28296582	540	555	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28296582	567	580	Gleason score	T033	C3203027
28296582	590	615	prostate-specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28296582	617	620	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28296582	651	658	Gleason	T033	C3203027
28296582	668	671	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28296582	696	703	Gleason	T033	C3203027
28296582	713	716	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28296582	730	738	Patients	T101	C0030705
28296582	744	753	allocated	T169	C0205245
28296582	757	772	conventional RT	T061	C1522449
28296582	788	797	fractions	T081	C1264633
28296582	805	810	weeks	T079	C0439230
28296582	817	836	hypofractionated RT	T061	C1831786
28296582	852	861	fractions	T081	C1264633
28296582	869	874	weeks	T079	C0439230
28296582	876	896	Androgen deprivation	T061	C1515985
28296582	920	927	therapy	T061	C0087111
28296582	933	948	primary outcome	T080	C0085415
28296582	953	981	biochemical-clinical failure	T033	C3640841
28296582	983	986	BCF	T033	C3640841
28296582	1021	1024	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28296582	1025	1032	failure	T169	C0231174
28296582	1046	1054	hormonal	T080	C0458083
28296582	1055	1067	intervention	T080	C0205556
28296582	1069	1102	clinical local or distant failure	T033	C3640841
28296582	1107	1112	death	T040	C0011065
28296582	1118	1124	result	T169	C1274040
28296582	1128	1143	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28296582	1149	1170	noninferiority margin	T081	C0392762
28296582	1181	1193	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28296582	1212	1228	Median follow-up	T058	C1522577
28296582	1237	1242	years	T079	C0439234
28296582	1244	1260	One hundred nine	T081	C0392762
28296582	1268	1276	patients	T101	C0030705
28296582	1284	1304	hypofractionated arm	T061	C1831786
28296582	1330	1342	standard arm	T061	C1522449
28296582	1355	1358	BCF	T033	C3640841
28296582	1372	1378	events	T051	C0441471
28296582	1384	1387	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28296582	1388	1396	failures	T169	C0231174
28296582	1405	1409	year	T079	C0439234
28296582	1410	1413	BCF	T033	C3640841
28296582	1414	1435	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
28296582	1458	1470	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28296582	1501	1503	CI	T081	C0009667
28296582	1519	1522	Ten	T081	C0205456
28296582	1523	1529	deaths	T040	C0011065
28296582	1535	1541	result	T169	C1274040
28296582	1545	1560	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28296582	1577	1586	short arm	T061	C1831786
28296582	1601	1613	standard arm	T061	C1522449
28296582	1615	1629	No significant	T033	C1273937
28296582	1630	1641	differences	T080	C1705242
28296582	1647	1655	detected	T033	C0442726
28296582	1688	1701	genitourinary	T029	C3887515
28296582	1706	1708	GI	T082	C0521362
28296582	1709	1717	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28296582	1734	1761	hypofractionated RT regimen	T061	C1831786
28296582	1775	1780	trial	T062	C0008976
28296582	1801	1816	conventional RT	T061	C1522449
28296582	1829	1844	associated with	T080	C0332281
28296582	1845	1854	increased	T081	C0205217
28296582	1860	1868	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28296582	1870	1889	Hypofractionated RT	T061	C1831786
28296582	1898	1908	convenient	T080	C3831015
28296582	1913	1921	patients	T101	C0030705
28296582	1951	1968	intermediate-risk	T033	C3640764
28296582	1969	1984	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358

28296655|t|Endoscopic Fundoplication: Effectiveness for Controlling Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
28296655|a|Transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) is a completely endoscopic approach to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We previously reported our initial results demonstrating safety and early effectiveness. We now present an updated experience describing outcomes with longer follow-up. For a three-year period, TIF procedures were performed on 80 patients. Preoperative workup routinely consisted of contrast esophagram and manometry. PH testing was reserved for patients with either atypical symptoms or typical symptoms unresponsive to proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs). Heartburn severity was longitudinally assessed using the GERD health-related quality of life index. Safety analysis was performed on all 80 patients, and an effectiveness analysis was performed on patients with at least 6-month follow-up. Mean procedure time was 75 minutes. There were seven (8.75%) grade 2 complications and one (1.25%) grade 3 complication (aspiration pneumonia). The median length of stay was 1 day (mean, 1.4). Forty-one patients had a minimum of 6-month of follow-up (mean, 24 months; range, 6-68 months). The mean satisfaction scores at follow-up improved significantly from baseline (P < 0.001). Sixty-three percent of patients had completely stopped or reduced their PPI dose. Results were not impacted by impaired motility; however, the presence of a small hiatal hernia or a Hill grade 2/4 valve was associated with reduced GERD health-related quality of life scores postoperatively. At a mean follow-up of 24 months, TIF is effective. Although symptoms and satisfaction improved significantly, many patients continued to take PPIs. Future studies should focus on longer-term durability and comparisons with laparoscopic techniques.
28296655	0	25	Endoscopic Fundoplication	T061	C0192499
28296655	27	40	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28296655	45	65	Controlling Symptoms	T061	C1274136
28296655	69	100	Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	T047	C0017168
28296655	101	138	Transoral incisionless fundoplication	T061	C3649179
28296655	140	143	TIF	T061	C3649179
28296655	161	180	endoscopic approach	T060	C0014245
28296655	190	221	gastroesophageal reflux disease	T047	C0017168
28296655	223	227	GERD	T047	C0017168
28296655	304	317	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28296655	367	375	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28296655	388	397	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28296655	424	438	TIF procedures	T061	C3649179
28296655	460	468	patients	T101	C0030705
28296655	470	489	Preoperative workup	T058	C0205908
28296655	513	532	contrast esophagram	T060	C1318509
28296655	537	546	manometry	T060	C0199873
28296655	548	558	PH testing	T034	C1304686
28296655	576	584	patients	T101	C0030705
28296655	597	605	atypical	T080	C0205182
28296655	606	614	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28296655	618	625	typical	T080	C3538928
28296655	626	634	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28296655	635	647	unresponsive	T169	C0205269
28296655	651	673	proton-pump inhibitors	T121	C0358591
28296655	675	679	PPIs	T121	C0358591
28296655	682	691	Heartburn	T184	C0018834
28296655	692	700	severity	T080	C0439793
28296655	705	728	longitudinally assessed	UnknownType	C0815265
28296655	739	743	GERD	T047	C0017168
28296655	744	780	health-related quality of life index	T170	C4300252
28296655	782	797	Safety analysis	T058	C1254363
28296655	822	830	patients	T101	C0030705
28296655	839	852	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28296655	879	887	patients	T101	C0030705
28296655	910	919	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28296655	982	1003	grade 2 complications	T046	C0009566
28296655	1020	1040	grade 3 complication	T046	C0009566
28296655	1042	1062	aspiration pneumonia	T047	C0032290
28296655	1124	1132	patients	T101	C0030705
28296655	1161	1170	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28296655	1214	1238	mean satisfaction scores	T170	C0451370
28296655	1242	1251	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28296655	1280	1288	baseline	T062	C0282121
28296655	1325	1333	patients	T101	C0030705
28296655	1374	1377	PPI	T121	C0358591
28296655	1378	1382	dose	T081	C0178602
28296655	1413	1421	impaired	T169	C0221099
28296655	1422	1430	motility	T042	C0920509
28296655	1465	1478	hiatal hernia	T047	C3489393
28296655	1484	1498	Hill grade 2/4	T029	C0744316
28296655	1499	1504	valve	T023	C1186983
28296655	1533	1537	GERD	T047	C0017168
28296655	1538	1575	health-related quality of life scores	T170	C0282574
28296655	1576	1591	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28296655	1603	1612	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28296655	1627	1630	TIF	T061	C3649179
28296655	1654	1662	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28296655	1667	1679	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28296655	1709	1717	patients	T101	C0030705
28296655	1736	1740	PPIs	T121	C0358591
28296655	1773	1795	longer-term durability	T033	C0420319
28296655	1817	1840	laparoscopic techniques	T061	C1883297

28296680|t|Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors of the Female Genital Tract: A Morphologic, Immunohistochemical, and Molecular Study of 19 Cases
28296680|a|Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the female genital tract is rare, and its proper classification remains unclear. The clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypic features as well as EWSR1 rearrangement status of 19 gynecologic PNETs, including 10 ovarian, 8 uterine, and 1 vulvar tumors, are herein reported. Patient age ranged from 12 to 68 years, with a median age of 20 and 51 years among those with ovarian and uterine PNETs, respectively. Morphologic features of central nervous system (CNS) tumors were seen in 15 PNETs, including 9 medulloblastomas, 3 ependymomas, 2 medulloepitheliomas, and 1 glioblastoma, consistent with central PNET. The remaining 4 PNETs were composed entirely of undifferentiated small round blue cells and were classified as Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET. Eight PNETs were associated with another tumor type, including 5 ovarian mature cystic teratomas, 2 endometrial low-grade endometrioid carcinomas, and a uterine carcinosarcoma. By immunohistochemistry, 17 PNETs expressed at least 1 marker of neuronal differentiation, including synaptophysin, NSE, CD56, S100, and chromogranin in 10, 8, 14, 8, and 1 tumors, respectively. GFAP was positive in 4 PNETs, all of which were of central type. Membranous CD99 and nuclear Fli-1 staining was seen in 10 and 16 tumors, respectively, and concurrent expression of both markers was seen in both central and Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET s. All tumors expressed vimentin, whereas keratin cocktail (CAM5.2, AE1/AE3) staining was only focally present in 4 PNETs. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was successful in all cases and confirmed EWSR1 rearrangement in 2 of 4 tumors demonstrating morphologic features of Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET and concurrent CD99 and Fli-1 expression. In conclusion, central and Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNETs may be encountered in the female genital tract with central PNETs being more common. Central PNETs show a spectrum of morphologic features that overlaps with CNS tumors but lack EWSR1 rearrangement s. GFAP expression supports a morphologic impression of central PNET and is absent in Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET. Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNETs lack morphologic features of CNS tumors.
28296680	0	32	Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors	T191	C0206663
28296680	40	60	Female Genital Tract	T023	C0017421
28296680	64	75	Morphologic	T080	C0332437
28296680	77	96	Immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
28296680	102	111	Molecular	T080	C1521991
28296680	112	117	Study	T062	C2603343
28296680	124	129	Cases	T077	C1706256
28296680	130	169	Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor	T191	C0206663
28296680	171	175	PNET	T191	C0206663
28296680	184	204	female genital tract	T023	C0017421
28296680	229	243	classification	T185	C0008902
28296680	265	273	clinical	T080	C0205210
28296680	275	285	histologic	T169	C0205462
28296680	291	307	immunophenotypic	T059	C0079611
28296680	308	316	features	T080	C2348519
28296680	328	333	EWSR1	T028	C0808901
28296680	334	347	rearrangement	T045	C0017287
28296680	361	372	gynecologic	T082	C0205480
28296680	373	378	PNETs	T191	C0206663
28296680	393	400	ovarian	T023	C0205065
28296680	404	411	uterine	T023	C0042149
28296680	419	425	vulvar	T023	C0042993
28296680	426	432	tumors	T191	C0027651
28296680	445	453	reported	T170	C0684224
28296680	455	462	Patient	T101	C0030705
28296680	463	466	age	T032	C0001779
28296680	467	473	ranged	T081	C1514721
28296680	488	493	years	T079	C0439234
28296680	509	512	age	T032	C0001779
28296680	526	531	years	T079	C0439234
28296680	549	556	ovarian	T023	C0205065
28296680	561	568	uterine	T023	C0042149
28296680	569	574	PNETs	T191	C0206663
28296680	590	601	Morphologic	T080	C0332437
28296680	602	610	features	T080	C2348519
28296680	614	636	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
28296680	638	641	CNS	T022	C3714787
28296680	643	649	tumors	T191	C0027651
28296680	666	671	PNETs	T191	C0206663
28296680	685	701	medulloblastomas	T191	C0025149
28296680	705	716	ependymomas	T191	C0014474
28296680	720	739	medulloepitheliomas	T191	C0334596
28296680	747	759	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28296680	777	789	central PNET	T191	C0206663
28296680	807	812	PNETs	T191	C0206663
28296680	839	855	undifferentiated	T080	C0205618
28296680	856	878	small round blue cells	T025	C0007634
28296680	902	931	Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET	T191	C0684337
28296680	939	944	PNETs	T191	C0206663
28296680	974	979	tumor	T191	C0027651
28296680	998	1005	ovarian	T023	C0205065
28296680	1006	1029	mature cystic teratomas	T191	C1368910
28296680	1033	1054	endometrial low-grade	T080	C1282907
28296680	1055	1078	endometrioid carcinomas	T191	C0206687
28296680	1086	1108	uterine carcinosarcoma	T191	C0280630
28296680	1113	1133	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28296680	1138	1143	PNETs	T191	C0206663
28296680	1165	1171	marker	T123	C0041366
28296680	1175	1199	neuronal differentiation	T033	C1518294
28296680	1211	1224	synaptophysin	T116,T123	C0085255
28296680	1226	1229	NSE	T116,T126	C1880904
28296680	1231	1235	CD56	T116,T129	C0108754
28296680	1237	1241	S100	T116,T123	C0027758
28296680	1247	1259	chromogranin	T116,T123	C0008586
28296680	1283	1289	tumors	T191	C0027651
28296680	1305	1309	GFAP	T116,T123	C0017626
28296680	1328	1333	PNETs	T191	C0206663
28296680	1370	1380	Membranous	T024	C0025255
28296680	1381	1385	CD99	T116,T129	C0058889
28296680	1390	1397	nuclear	T082	C0521447
28296680	1398	1403	Fli-1	T116,T123	C1437505
28296680	1404	1412	staining	T059	C0487602
28296680	1435	1441	tumors	T191	C0027651
28296680	1472	1482	expression	T045	C1171362
28296680	1491	1498	markers	T123	C0041366
28296680	1516	1523	central	T191	C0206663
28296680	1528	1557	Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET	T191	C0684337
28296680	1565	1571	tumors	T191	C0027651
28296680	1572	1581	expressed	T045	C1171362
28296680	1582	1590	vimentin	T116,T123	C0042666
28296680	1600	1607	keratin	T116	C0022564
28296680	1618	1624	CAM5.2	T116	C0910360
28296680	1626	1633	AE1/AE3	T116,T129	C1545476
28296680	1635	1643	staining	T059	C0487602
28296680	1674	1679	PNETs	T191	C0206663
28296680	1681	1715	Fluorescence in situ hybridization	T063	C0162789
28296680	1738	1743	cases	T077	C1706256
28296680	1758	1763	EWSR1	T028	C0808901
28296680	1764	1777	rearrangement	T045	C0017287
28296680	1788	1794	tumors	T191	C0027651
28296680	1809	1820	morphologic	T080	C0332437
28296680	1821	1829	features	T080	C2348519
28296680	1833	1862	Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNET	T191	C0684337
28296680	1878	1882	CD99	T116,T129	C0058889
28296680	1887	1892	Fli-1	T116,T123	C1437505
28296680	1893	1903	expression	T045	C1171362
28296680	1920	1927	central	T191	C0206663
28296680	1932	1962	Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNETs	T191	C0684337
28296680	1989	2009	female genital tract	T023	C0017421
28296680	2015	2028	central PNETs	T191	C0206663
28296680	2048	2061	Central PNETs	T191	C0206663
28296680	2069	2077	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28296680	2081	2092	morphologic	T080	C0332437
28296680	2093	2101	features	T080	C2348519
28296680	2121	2124	CNS	T022	C3714787
28296680	2125	2131	tumors	T191	C0027651
28296680	2141	2146	EWSR1	T028	C0808901
28296680	2147	2160	rearrangement	T045	C0017287
28296680	2164	2168	GFAP	T116,T123	C0017626
28296680	2169	2179	expression	T045	C1171362
28296680	2191	2202	morphologic	T080	C0332437
28296680	2217	2229	central PNET	T191	C0206663
28296680	2253	2276	sarcoma/peripheral PNET	T191	C0684337
28296680	2278	2308	Ewing sarcoma/peripheral PNETs	T191	C0684337
28296680	2314	2325	morphologic	T080	C0332437
28296680	2326	2334	features	T080	C2348519
28296680	2338	2341	CNS	T022	C3714787
28296680	2342	2348	tumors	T191	C0027651

28296818|t|Endoscopic Stricturotomy with Needle Knife in the Treatment of Strictures from Inflammatory Bowel Disease
28296818|a|Fibrotic strictures in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often not amenable to medical therapy. Therapy with endoscopic balloon dilation usually requires frequent repeat treatments. Therefore, we developed the novel needle knife stricturotomy (NKSt) for the treatment of strictures in the patients with IBD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NKSt. Data of patients with strictures treated with NKSt in our Interventional IBD Unit at the Cleveland Clinic were extracted from the registry. The primary and secondary outcomes were surgery-free survival and procedure-related complications. A total of 85 patients were included in this study. Multiple strictures were noticed in 30 (35.3%) patients at inception, giving a total of 127 strictures treated. The median length of the treated strictures was 1.5 cm (interquartile range: 1.0-2.0) and 52 (41.6%) were endoscopically nontraversable. The immediate success with passage of the scope through the stricture after NKSt therapy was achieved in all patients. During the median follow-up of 0.9 years (interquartile range: 0.3-1.8) and a median of 2.0 treatment (interquartile range: 1.0-3.0), 13 (15.3%) patients required stricture-related surgery. There were 77 (60.6%) patients who required additional NKSt, endoscopic balloon dilation, or both after the inception of NKSt. In a total of 272 NKSt procedures performed, 10 (3.7%) adverse events occurred, including 9 with delayed bleeding and one hospitalization due to perforation. Endoscopic NKSt is effective and safe for treating the primary and secondary IBD -related strictures, which may provide an alternative for endoscopic balloon dilation and surgical intervention.
28296818	0	24	Endoscopic Stricturotomy	T061	C0543467
28296818	30	42	Needle Knife	T074	C0181464
28296818	50	59	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28296818	63	73	Strictures	T046	C1261287
28296818	79	105	Inflammatory Bowel Disease	T047	C0021390
28296818	106	125	Fibrotic strictures	T046	C1261287
28296818	129	137	patients	T101	C0030705
28296818	143	169	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
28296818	171	174	IBD	T047	C0021390
28296818	202	217	medical therapy	T061	C0418981
28296818	219	226	Therapy	T061	C0087111
28296818	232	259	endoscopic balloon dilation	T061	C0393293
28296818	293	303	treatments	T061	C0393293
28296818	339	365	needle knife stricturotomy	T061	C0543467
28296818	367	371	NKSt	T061	C0543467
28296818	381	390	treatment	T061	C0393293
28296818	394	404	strictures	T046	C1261287
28296818	412	420	patients	T101	C0030705
28296818	426	429	IBD	T047	C0021390
28296818	473	481	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28296818	486	492	safety	T068	C0036043
28296818	496	500	NKSt	T061	C0543467
28296818	502	506	Data	T078	C1511726
28296818	510	518	patients	T101	C0030705
28296818	524	534	strictures	T046	C1261287
28296818	535	547	treated with	T061	C0332293
28296818	548	552	NKSt	T061	C0543467
28296818	560	583	Interventional IBD Unit	T093	C1708333
28296818	591	607	Cleveland Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28296818	613	622	extracted	T061	C0185115
28296818	632	640	registry	T170	C0034975
28296818	646	653	primary	T169	C1274040
28296818	658	676	secondary outcomes	T169	C1274040
28296818	682	703	surgery-free survival	T052	C0038952
28296818	708	739	procedure-related complications	T046	C0009566
28296818	755	763	patients	T101	C0030705
28296818	786	791	study	T062	C2603343
28296818	802	812	strictures	T046	C1261287
28296818	840	848	patients	T101	C0030705
28296818	852	861	inception	T079	C1254367
28296818	885	895	strictures	T046	C1261287
28296818	909	922	median length	T081	C1444754
28296818	938	948	strictures	T046	C1261287
28296818	1011	1040	endoscopically nontraversable	T033	C0243095
28296818	1102	1111	stricture	T046	C1261287
28296818	1118	1130	NKSt therapy	T061	C0543467
28296818	1151	1159	patients	T101	C0030705
28296818	1172	1178	median	T082	C0549183
28296818	1179	1188	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28296818	1196	1201	years	T079	C0439234
28296818	1239	1245	median	T082	C0549183
28296818	1253	1262	treatment	T061	C0393293
28296818	1306	1314	patients	T101	C0030705
28296818	1324	1349	stricture-related surgery	T061	C0543467
28296818	1373	1381	patients	T101	C0030705
28296818	1406	1410	NKSt	T061	C0543467
28296818	1412	1439	endoscopic balloon dilation	T061	C0393293
28296818	1459	1468	inception	T079	C1254367
28296818	1472	1476	NKSt	T061	C0543467
28296818	1496	1511	NKSt procedures	T061	C0543467
28296818	1533	1547	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28296818	1575	1591	delayed bleeding	T046	C4280712
28296818	1600	1615	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28296818	1623	1634	perforation	T033	C0549099
28296818	1636	1651	Endoscopic NKSt	T061	C0543467
28296818	1713	1716	IBD	T047	C0021390
28296818	1726	1736	strictures	T046	C1261287
28296818	1775	1802	endoscopic balloon dilation	T061	C0393293
28296818	1807	1828	surgical intervention	T033	C0549433

28296885|t|Oral health in transition: The Hadza foragers of Tanzania
28296885|a|Conventional wisdom holds that a decline in oral health accompanies the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, given increased consumption of carbohydrates. This widely touted example of the mismatch between our biology and modern lifestyle has been intuited largely from the bioarchaeological record of the Neolithic Revolution in the New World. Recent studies of other populations have, however, challenged the universality of this assertion. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of oral health among a living population in transition from the bush to village life, the Hadza hunter - gatherers of Tanzania, to test the hypothesis that the shift from foraging to farming, or agricultural intensification, inevitably leads to increased periodontal disease, caries, and orthodontic disorders. Our results showed that women living in villages consuming a mostly agricultural diet exhibited more caries and periodontal disease than those living in the bush consuming a mostly wild-food diet. Furthermore, men living in the bush consuming mostly a wild-food diet had more than those living in the village consuming a mostly agricultural diet. These findings are explained by the high incidence of maize consumption in village settings, along with previously recognized variation in rate of caries between men and women. The unexpected discovery of high caries incidences for men in the bush is likely explained by heavy reliance on honey, and perhaps differential access to tobacco and marijuana. These data support the notions that mechanisms of cariogenesis are multifactorial and that the relationships between oral health and the shift from a predominantly wild-food diet to one dominated by cultigens are nuanced.
28296885	0	11	Oral health	T058	C0029162
28296885	15	25	transition	T052	C2700061
28296885	31	45	Hadza foragers	T098	C1257890
28296885	49	57	Tanzania	T083	C0039298
28296885	58	70	Conventional	T080	C0439858
28296885	91	98	decline	T081	C0547047
28296885	102	113	oral health	T058	C0029162
28296885	130	140	transition	T052	C2700061
28296885	146	153	hunting	T056	C4255216
28296885	158	167	gathering	T056	C2371489
28296885	171	182	agriculture	T090	C0001829
28296885	190	199	increased	T081	C0205217
28296885	200	211	consumption	T039	C1947907
28296885	215	228	carbohydrates	T109	C0012170
28296885	249	256	example	T077	C1707959
28296885	264	272	mismatch	T080	C1881865
28296885	285	292	biology	T091	C0005532
28296885	297	313	modern lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28296885	349	373	bioarchaeological record	T170	C0034869
28296885	381	401	Neolithic Revolution	T109,T121	C2948499
28296885	409	418	New World	T098	C2700280
28296885	427	434	studies	T062	C2603343
28296885	444	455	populations	T081	C0032659
28296885	507	516	assertion	T080	C1301625
28296885	545	558	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28296885	559	564	study	T062	C2603343
28296885	568	579	oral health	T058	C0029162
28296885	588	605	living population	T098	C1257890
28296885	609	619	transition	T052	C2700061
28296885	629	633	bush	T002	C0330099
28296885	637	649	village life	T054	C0023676
28296885	655	660	Hadza	T098	C1257890
28296885	661	667	hunter	T097	C0239971
28296885	670	679	gatherers	T098	C1257890
28296885	683	691	Tanzania	T083	C0039298
28296885	705	715	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28296885	725	730	shift	T052	C2700061
28296885	736	744	foraging	T055	C2752984
28296885	748	755	farming	T090	C0001829
28296885	760	788	agricultural intensification	T090	C0001827
28296885	810	819	increased	T081	C0205217
28296885	820	839	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28296885	841	847	caries	T047	C0011334
28296885	853	864	orthodontic	T169	C0332276
28296885	865	874	disorders	T047	C0012634
28296885	880	887	results	T169	C1274040
28296885	900	905	women	T098	C0043210
28296885	906	912	living	T080	C0337645
28296885	916	924	villages	T083	C0562518
28296885	925	934	consuming	T039	C1947907
28296885	944	956	agricultural	T002	C0242775
28296885	957	961	diet	T168	C0012155
28296885	977	983	caries	T047	C0011334
28296885	988	1007	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28296885	1019	1025	living	T080	C0337645
28296885	1033	1037	bush	T002	C0330099
28296885	1038	1047	consuming	T039	C1947907
28296885	1057	1071	wild-food diet	T168	C0012155
28296885	1086	1089	men	T098	C0025266
28296885	1090	1096	living	T080	C0337645
28296885	1104	1108	bush	T002	C0330099
28296885	1109	1118	consuming	T039	C1947907
28296885	1128	1142	wild-food diet	T168	C0012155
28296885	1163	1169	living	T080	C0337645
28296885	1177	1184	village	T083	C0562518
28296885	1185	1194	consuming	T039	C1947907
28296885	1204	1216	agricultural	T002	C0242775
28296885	1217	1221	diet	T168	C0012155
28296885	1229	1237	findings	T033	C0243095
28296885	1259	1263	high	T080	C0205250
28296885	1264	1273	incidence	T081	C0021149
28296885	1277	1282	maize	T168	C1138842
28296885	1283	1294	consumption	T039	C1947907
28296885	1298	1305	village	T083	C0562518
28296885	1349	1358	variation	T080	C0205419
28296885	1362	1366	rate	T081	C1521828
28296885	1370	1376	caries	T047	C0011334
28296885	1385	1388	men	T098	C0025266
28296885	1393	1398	women	T098	C0043210
28296885	1428	1432	high	T080	C0205250
28296885	1433	1439	caries	T047	C0011334
28296885	1440	1450	incidences	T081	C0021149
28296885	1455	1458	men	T098	C0025266
28296885	1466	1470	bush	T002	C0330099
28296885	1512	1517	honey	T168	C0019906
28296885	1554	1561	tobacco	T167	C0008038
28296885	1566	1576	marijuana.	T109,T121	C0024808
28296885	1583	1587	data	T078	C1511726
28296885	1613	1623	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28296885	1627	1639	cariogenesis	T047	C0011334
28296885	1644	1658	multifactorial	T033	C1837655
28296885	1672	1685	relationships	T080	C0439849
28296885	1694	1705	oral health	T058	C0029162
28296885	1714	1719	shift	T052	C2700061
28296885	1741	1755	wild-food diet	T168	C0012155
28296885	1776	1785	cultigens	T002	C0242775

28297577|t|Surgical Excision of Heterotopic Ossification Leads to Re-Emergence of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Populations Responsible for Recurrence
28297577|a|Trauma-induced heterotopic ossification (HO) occurs after severe musculoskeletal injuries and burns, and presents a significant barrier to patient rehabilitation. Interestingly, the incidence of HO significantly increases with repeated operations and after resection of previous HO. Treatment of established heterotopic ossification is challenging because surgical excision is often incomplete, with evidence of persistent heterotopic bone. As a result, patients may continue to report the signs or symptoms of HO, including chronic pain, nonhealing wounds, and joint restriction. In this study, we designed a model of recurrent HO that occurs after surgical excision of mature HO in a mouse model of hind-limb Achilles' tendon transection with dorsal burn injury. We first demonstrated that key signaling mediators of HO, including bone morphogenetic protein signaling, are diminished in mature bone. However, upon surgical excision, we have noted upregulation of downstream mediators of osteogenic differentiation, including pSMAD 1 / 5. Additionally, surgical excision resulted in re-emergence of a mesenchymal cell population marked by expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) and present in the initial developing HO lesion but absent in mature HO. In the recurrent lesion, these PDGFRα + mesenchymal cells are also highly proliferative, similar to the initial developing HO lesion. These findings indicate that surgical excision of HO results in recurrence through similar mesenchymal cell populations and signaling mechanisms that are present in the initial developing HO lesion. These results are consistent with findings in patients that new foci of ectopic bone can develop in excision sites and are likely related to de novo formation rather than extension of unresected bone. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:799-806.
28297577	0	17	Surgical Excision	T061	C0728940
28297577	21	45	Heterotopic Ossification	T046	C0029396
28297577	55	67	Re-Emergence	T079	C1254367
28297577	71	104	Mesenchymal Stem Cell Populations	T025	C1257975
28297577	121	131	Recurrence	T067	C0034897
28297577	147	171	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28297577	173	175	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	190	196	severe	T080	C0205082
28297577	197	221	musculoskeletal injuries	T037	C0272448
28297577	226	231	burns	T037	C0562038
28297577	248	259	significant	T078	C0750502
28297577	271	278	patient	T101	C0030705
28297577	279	293	rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28297577	314	323	incidence	T081	C0021149
28297577	327	329	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	344	353	increases	T081	C0205217
28297577	359	378	repeated operations	T061	C0035110
28297577	389	398	resection	T061	C0728940
28297577	411	413	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	415	424	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28297577	440	464	heterotopic ossification	T046	C0029396
28297577	488	505	surgical excision	T061	C0728940
28297577	515	525	incomplete	T080	C0205257
28297577	532	543	evidence of	T169	C0332120
28297577	544	554	persistent	T079	C0205322
28297577	555	571	heterotopic bone	T033	C4061353
28297577	586	594	patients	T101	C0030705
28297577	599	607	continue	T078	C0549178
28297577	622	639	signs or symptoms	T033	C3540840
28297577	643	645	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	657	669	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28297577	671	681	nonhealing	T033	C3845448
28297577	682	688	wounds	T037	C0043250
28297577	694	711	joint restriction	T033	C0231589
28297577	721	726	study	T062	C0008972
28297577	742	747	model	T050	C2986594
28297577	751	760	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28297577	761	763	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	782	799	surgical excision	T061	C0728940
28297577	803	809	mature	T079	C0205286
28297577	810	812	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	818	829	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28297577	833	859	hind-limb Achilles' tendon	T023	C0001074
28297577	860	871	transection	T061	C0152060
28297577	877	883	dorsal	T082	C0205095
28297577	884	895	burn injury	T037	C0006434
28297577	924	927	key	T080	C3898777
28297577	928	937	signaling	T044	C0037080
28297577	938	947	mediators	T116,T123	C0033684
28297577	951	953	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	965	1001	bone morphogenetic protein signaling	T044	C1155364
28297577	1021	1032	mature bone	T024	C0682560
28297577	1048	1065	surgical excision	T061	C0728940
28297577	1081	1093	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28297577	1097	1107	downstream	T082	C0522506
28297577	1108	1117	mediators	T116,T123	C0033684
28297577	1121	1131	osteogenic	T116,T121,T123	C0599660
28297577	1132	1147	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28297577	1159	1166	pSMAD 1	T116,T123	C1566789
28297577	1169	1170	5	T116,T123	C0529859
28297577	1186	1203	surgical excision	T061	C0728940
28297577	1216	1228	re-emergence	T079	C1254367
28297577	1234	1261	mesenchymal cell population	T025	C1257975
28297577	1272	1282	expression	T045	C0597360
28297577	1286	1327	platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α	T116,T126,T192	C0290067
28297577	1329	1335	PDGFRα	T116,T126,T192	C0290067
28297577	1341	1348	present	T033	C0150312
28297577	1356	1363	initial	T079	C0205265
28297577	1375	1377	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	1378	1384	lesion	T033	C0221198
28297577	1389	1395	absent	T169	C0332197
28297577	1399	1405	mature	T079	C0205286
28297577	1406	1408	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	1417	1426	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28297577	1427	1433	lesion	T033	C0221198
28297577	1441	1447	PDGFRα	T116,T126,T192	C0290067
28297577	1450	1467	mesenchymal cells	T025	C1257975
28297577	1484	1497	proliferative	T046	C0334094
28297577	1514	1521	initial	T079	C0205265
28297577	1533	1535	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	1536	1542	lesion	T033	C0221198
28297577	1573	1590	surgical excision	T061	C0728940
28297577	1594	1596	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	1597	1604	results	T033	C0683954
28297577	1608	1618	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28297577	1635	1663	mesenchymal cell populations	T025	C1257975
28297577	1668	1677	signaling	T044	C0037080
28297577	1678	1688	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28297577	1698	1705	present	T033	C0150312
28297577	1713	1720	initial	T079	C0205265
28297577	1732	1734	HO	T046	C0029396
28297577	1735	1741	lesion	T033	C0221198
28297577	1749	1756	results	T033	C0683954
28297577	1761	1776	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28297577	1777	1785	findings	T033	C0243095
28297577	1789	1797	patients	T101	C0030705
28297577	1807	1811	foci	T082	C0205234
28297577	1815	1827	ectopic bone	T024	C1384482
28297577	1843	1851	excision	T061	C0728940
28297577	1852	1857	sites	T029	C1515974
28297577	1884	1891	de novo	T078	C1515568
28297577	1892	1901	formation	T169	C1522492
28297577	1914	1923	extension	T169	C0231448
28297577	1927	1937	unresected	T185	C2986425
28297577	1938	1942	bone	T024	C1384482

28297629|t|Genomics of Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
28297629|a|Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN s) are a group of related clonal hematologic disorders characterized by excess accumulation of one or more myeloid cell lineages and a tendency to transform to acute myeloid leukemia. Deregulated JAK2 signaling has emerged as the central phenotypic driver of BCR -ABL1-negative MPNs and a unifying therapeutic target. In addition, MPNs show unexpected layers of genetic complexity, with multiple abnormalities associated with disease progression, interactions between inherited factors and phenotype driver mutations, and effects related to the order in which mutations are acquired. Although morphology and clinical laboratory analysis continue to play an important role in defining these conditions, genomic analysis is providing a platform for better disease definition, more accurate diagnosis, direction of therapy, and refined prognostication. There is an emerging consensus with regard to many prognostic factors, but there is a clear need to synthesize genomic findings into robust, clinically actionable and widely accepted scoring systems as well as the need to standardize the laboratory methodologies that are used.
28297629	0	8	Genomics	T091	C0887950
28297629	12	40	Myeloproliferative Neoplasms	T191	C0027022
28297629	41	69	Myeloproliferative neoplasms	T191	C0027022
28297629	71	74	MPN	T191	C0027022
28297629	101	107	clonal	T024	C1522642
28297629	108	129	hematologic disorders	T047	C0018939
28297629	147	153	excess	T080	C1979886
28297629	154	166	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28297629	182	203	myeloid cell lineages	T025	C0887899
28297629	235	257	acute myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023467
28297629	259	270	Deregulated	T052	C1880287
28297629	271	275	JAK2	T028	C1334291
28297629	276	285	signaling	T038	C3537152
28297629	313	323	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28297629	334	357	BCR -ABL1-negative MPNs	T191	C1292772
28297629	373	384	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28297629	385	391	target	T169	C1521840
28297629	406	410	MPNs	T191	C0027022
28297629	416	426	unexpected	T033	C0853141
28297629	437	444	genetic	T169	C0017399
28297629	462	484	multiple abnormalities	T019	C0000772
28297629	485	500	associated with	T080	C0332281
28297629	501	520	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28297629	522	534	interactions	T045	C0596610
28297629	543	552	inherited	T169	C0439660
28297629	553	560	factors	T169	C1521761
28297629	565	574	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28297629	575	591	driver mutations	T045	C0026882
28297629	597	604	effects	T080	C1280500
28297629	635	644	mutations	T045	C0026882
28297629	649	657	acquired	T080	C0439661
28297629	668	678	morphology	T080	C0332437
28297629	683	711	clinical laboratory analysis	T058	C1254363
28297629	777	793	genomic analysis	T059	C0022885
28297629	809	817	platform	T075	C1710360
28297629	829	847	disease definition	T170	C0679227
28297629	854	862	accurate	T080	C0443131
28297629	863	872	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28297629	887	894	therapy	T061	C0087111
28297629	908	923	prognostication	T058	C0033325
28297629	946	955	consensus	T054	C0376298
28297629	976	994	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
28297629	1036	1043	genomic	T028	C0017428
28297629	1044	1052	findings	T169	C2607943
28297629	1058	1064	robust	T080	C2986815
28297629	1099	1107	accepted	T080	C1272684
28297629	1108	1123	scoring systems	T170	C0282574
28297629	1147	1158	standardize	T065	C0851345
28297629	1163	1187	laboratory methodologies	T170	C0449309

28298171|t|Extended release of flurbiprofen from tromethamine - buffered HPMC hydrophilic matrix tablets
28298171|a|The pH - dependent solubility of a drug can lead to pH - dependent drug release from hydrophilic matrix tablets. Adding buffer salts to the formulation to attempt to mitigate this can impair matrix hydration and negatively impact drug release. An evaluation of the buffering of hydrophilic matrix tablets containing a pH - dependent solubility weak acid drug (flurbiprofen), identified as possessing a deleterious effect on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solubility, swelling and gelation, with respect to drug dissolution and the characteristics of the hydrophilic matrix gel layer in the presence of tromethamine as a buffer was undertaken. The inclusion of tromethamine as an alkalizing agent afforded pH - independent flurbiprofen release from matrices based on both HPMC 2910 (E series) and 2208 (K series), while concomitantly decreasing the apparent critical effect on dissolution mediated by this drug with respect to the early pseudo-gel layer formation and functionality. Drug release profiles were unaffected by matrix pH-changes resulting from loss of tromethamine over time, suggesting that HPMC inhibited precipitation of drug from supersaturated solution in the hydrated matrix. We propose that facilitation of diffusion-based release of potentially deleterious drugs in hydrophilic matrices may be achieved through judicious selection of a buffering species.
28298171	0	16	Extended release	T079	C0868939
28298171	20	32	flurbiprofen	T109,T121	C0016377
28298171	38	50	tromethamine	T109,T121	C0041175
28298171	53	61	buffered	T121,T130	C0006353
28298171	62	66	HPMC	T109,T121	C0063242
28298171	67	78	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28298171	79	93	matrix tablets	T122	C0039225
28298171	98	100	pH	T081	C0020283
28298171	103	112	dependent	T169	C3244310
28298171	113	123	solubility	T080	C0037628
28298171	129	133	drug	T121	C1254351
28298171	146	148	pH	T081	C0020283
28298171	151	160	dependent	T169	C3244310
28298171	161	173	drug release	T070	C3850077
28298171	179	190	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28298171	191	205	matrix tablets	T122	C0039225
28298171	214	226	buffer salts	T121,T197	C1659042
28298171	234	245	formulation	T122	C0013058
28298171	249	256	attempt	T051	C1516084
28298171	260	268	mitigate	T067	C1553901
28298171	278	284	impair	T169	C0221099
28298171	285	301	matrix hydration	T067	C0596317
28298171	306	316	negatively	T033	C0205160
28298171	317	323	impact	T080	C4049986
28298171	324	336	drug release	T070	C3850077
28298171	341	351	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28298171	359	368	buffering	T121,T130	C0006353
28298171	372	383	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28298171	384	398	matrix tablets	T122	C0039225
28298171	412	414	pH	T081	C0020283
28298171	417	426	dependent	T169	C3244310
28298171	427	437	solubility	T080	C0037628
28298171	438	452	weak acid drug	T121	C1254351
28298171	454	466	flurbiprofen	T109,T121	C0016377
28298171	469	479	identified	T080	C0205396
28298171	483	493	possessing	T078	C3154893
28298171	496	514	deleterious effect	T080	C1280500
28298171	518	547	hydroxypropyl methylcellulose	T109,T121	C0063242
28298171	549	553	HPMC	T109,T121	C0063242
28298171	555	565	solubility	T080	C0037628
28298171	567	575	swelling	T067	C1522240
28298171	580	588	gelation	T067	C1522240
28298171	606	622	drug dissolution	T070	C3850077
28298171	631	646	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28298171	654	665	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28298171	666	682	matrix gel layer	T122	C0017243
28298171	690	698	presence	UnknownType	C0332443
28298171	702	714	tromethamine	T109,T121	C0041175
28298171	720	726	buffer	T121,T130	C0006353
28298171	747	756	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28298171	760	772	tromethamine	T109,T121	C0041175
28298171	779	795	alkalizing agent	T121	C0304463
28298171	805	807	pH	T081	C0020283
28298171	810	821	independent	T169	C0332291
28298171	822	834	flurbiprofen	T109,T121	C0016377
28298171	835	842	release	T079	C0868939
28298171	848	856	matrices	T167	C0439861
28298171	871	891	HPMC 2910 (E series)	T109,T121	C0063242
28298171	896	911	2208 (K series)	T109,T121	C0063242
28298171	919	932	concomitantly	T079	C0521115
28298171	933	943	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28298171	957	972	critical effect	T080	C1280500
28298171	976	987	dissolution	T070	C3850077
28298171	988	996	mediated	T054	C0086597
28298171	1005	1009	drug	T121	C1254351
28298171	1036	1062	pseudo-gel layer formation	T169	C1522492
28298171	1067	1080	functionality	T169	C0205245
28298171	1082	1103	Drug release profiles	T073	C1707824
28298171	1109	1119	unaffected	T077	C2986417
28298171	1123	1129	matrix	T167	C0439861
28298171	1130	1140	pH-changes	T033	C0243095
28298171	1156	1160	loss	T081	C1517945
28298171	1164	1176	tromethamine	T109,T121	C0041175
28298171	1177	1186	over time	T079	C1254367
28298171	1204	1208	HPMC	T109,T121	C0063242
28298171	1209	1218	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28298171	1219	1232	precipitation	T070	C0032931
28298171	1236	1240	drug	T121	C1254351
28298171	1246	1269	supersaturated solution	T167	C0037633
28298171	1277	1292	hydrated matrix	T067	C0596317
28298171	1310	1322	facilitation	T042	C0234112
28298171	1326	1341	diffusion-based	T070	C0012222
28298171	1342	1349	release	T079	C0868939
28298171	1365	1382	deleterious drugs	T121	C1254351
28298171	1386	1397	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28298171	1398	1406	matrices	T167	C0439861
28298171	1456	1473	buffering species	T121,T130	C0006353

28298224|t|Transcriptional reprogramming in yeast using dCas9 and combinatorial gRNA strategies
28298224|a|Transcriptional reprogramming is a fundamental process of living cells in order to adapt to environmental and endogenous cues. In order to allow flexible and timely control over gene expression without the interference of native gene expression machinery, a large number of studies have focused on developing synthetic biology tools for orthogonal control of transcription. Most recently, the nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) has emerged as a flexible tool for controlling activation and repression of target genes, by the simple RNA-guided positioning of dCas9 in the vicinity of the target gene transcription start site. In this study we compared two different systems of dCas9 -mediated transcriptional reprogramming, and applied them to genes controlling two biosynthetic pathways for biobased production of isoprenoids and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By testing 101 guide-RNA (gRNA) structures on a total of 14 different yeast promoters, we identified the best-performing combinations based on reporter assays. Though a larger number of gRNA - promoter combinations do not perturb gene expression, some gRNAs support expression perturbations up to ~threefold. The best-performing gRNAs were used for single and multiplex reprogramming strategies for redirecting flux related to isoprenoid production and optimization of TAG profiles. From these studies, we identified both constitutive and inducible multiplex reprogramming strategies enabling significant changes in isoprenoid production and increases in TAG. Taken together, we show similar performance for a constitutive and an inducible dCas9 approach, and identify multiplex gRNA designs that can significantly perturb isoprenoid production and TAG profiles in yeast without editing the genomic context of the target genes. We also identify a large number of gRNA positions in 14 native yeast target pomoters that do not affect expression, suggesting the need for further optimization of gRNA design tools and dCas9 engineering.
28298224	0	29	Transcriptional reprogramming	T043	C3850096
28298224	33	38	yeast	T004	C0043393
28298224	45	50	dCas9	T116,T123	C0033684
28298224	69	73	gRNA	T114,T123	C0082774
28298224	85	114	Transcriptional reprogramming	T043	C3850096
28298224	143	155	living cells	T025	C0007634
28298224	177	190	environmental	T082	C0014406
28298224	195	205	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28298224	206	210	cues	T078	C0010439
28298224	250	257	control	T169	C2587213
28298224	263	278	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28298224	291	303	interference	T169	C0521102
28298224	307	339	native gene expression machinery	T045	C1517486
28298224	394	411	synthetic biology	T090	C2936469
28298224	412	417	tools	T169	C0449851
28298224	433	440	control	T169	C2587213
28298224	444	457	transcription	T045	C0040649
28298224	478	501	nuclease-deficient Cas9	T116,T123	C0033684
28298224	503	508	dCas9	T116,T123	C0033684
28298224	545	556	controlling	T169	C2587213
28298224	557	567	activation	T052	C1879547
28298224	572	582	repression	T045	C0178656
28298224	586	598	target genes	T028	C0017337
28298224	614	624	RNA-guided	T114,T123	C0082774
28298224	640	645	dCas9	T116,T123	C0033684
28298224	669	705	target gene transcription start site	T114,T123	C0949639
28298224	715	720	study	T062	C2603343
28298224	758	763	dCas9	T116,T123	C0033684
28298224	774	803	transcriptional reprogramming	T043	C3850096
28298224	825	830	genes	T028	C0017337
28298224	831	842	controlling	T169	C2587213
28298224	847	868	biosynthetic pathways	T044	C1721101
28298224	896	907	isoprenoids	T109	C0682996
28298224	912	928	triacylglycerols	T109,T123	C0041004
28298224	930	934	TAGs	T109,T123	C0041004
28298224	939	952	baker's yeast	T004	C0036025
28298224	953	977	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28298224	994	1003	guide-RNA	T114,T123	C0082774
28298224	1005	1009	gRNA	T114,T123	C0082774
28298224	1049	1054	yeast	T004	C0043393
28298224	1055	1064	promoters	T114,T123	C0086860
28298224	1100	1112	combinations	T080	C0205195
28298224	1131	1137	assays	T059	C0005507
28298224	1165	1169	gRNA	T114,T123	C0082774
28298224	1172	1180	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28298224	1181	1193	combinations	T080	C0205195
28298224	1201	1208	perturb	T169	C0332453
28298224	1209	1224	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28298224	1231	1236	gRNAs	T114,T123	C0082774
28298224	1245	1255	expression	T045	C0017262
28298224	1256	1269	perturbations	T169	C0332453
28298224	1308	1313	gRNAs	T114,T123	C0082774
28298224	1328	1334	single	T043	C3850096
28298224	1339	1362	multiplex reprogramming	T043	C3850096
28298224	1390	1394	flux	T070	C2348693
28298224	1406	1416	isoprenoid	T109	C0682996
28298224	1432	1444	optimization	T052	C2698650
28298224	1448	1451	TAG	T109,T123	C0041004
28298224	1528	1551	multiplex reprogramming	T043	C3850096
28298224	1595	1605	isoprenoid	T109	C0682996
28298224	1634	1637	TAG	T109,T123	C0041004
28298224	1671	1682	performance	T052	C1882330
28298224	1719	1724	dCas9	T116,T123	C0033684
28298224	1748	1762	multiplex gRNA	T114,T123	C0082774
28298224	1794	1801	perturb	T169	C0332453
28298224	1802	1812	isoprenoid	T109	C0682996
28298224	1828	1831	TAG	T109,T123	C0041004
28298224	1844	1849	yeast	T004	C0043393
28298224	1870	1877	genomic	T028	C0017428
28298224	1893	1905	target genes	T028	C0017337
28298224	1942	1946	gRNA	T114,T123	C0082774
28298224	1970	1975	yeast	T004	C0043393
28298224	1983	1991	pomoters	T114,T123	C0086860
28298224	2011	2021	expression	T045	C0017262
28298224	2055	2067	optimization	T052	C2698650
28298224	2071	2075	gRNA	T114,T123	C0082774
28298224	2093	2110	dCas9 engineering	T063	C0017387

28298553|t|Dissociation between complete hippocampal context memory formation and context fear acquisition
28298553|a|Rodents require a minimal time period to explore a context prior to footshock to display plateau - level context fear at test. To investigate whether this rapid fear plateau reflects complete memory formation within that short time-frame, we used the immediate-early gene product Arc as an indicator of hippocampal context memory formation -related activity. We found that hippocampal Arc expression continued to increase well past the minimal time required for plateau - level fear. This raises the possibility that context fear conditioning occurs more rapidly than complete memory formation. Thus, animals may be able to condition robustly to both complete and incomplete contextual representations.
28298553	0	12	Dissociation	T048	C0086168
28298553	21	29	complete	T080	C0205197
28298553	30	41	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28298553	42	49	context	T078	C0449255
28298553	50	56	memory	T041	C0025260
28298553	57	66	formation	T169	C1522492
28298553	71	78	context	T078	C0449255
28298553	79	83	fear	T041	C0015726
28298553	84	95	acquisition	T052	C1706701
28298553	96	103	Rodents	T015	C0035804
28298553	114	121	minimal	T080	C0547040
28298553	122	133	time period	T079	C1948053
28298553	147	154	context	T078	C0449255
28298553	164	173	footshock	T037	C0013781
28298553	185	192	plateau	T081	C2964353
28298553	195	200	level	T080	C0441889
28298553	201	208	context	T078	C0449255
28298553	209	213	fear	T041	C0015726
28298553	217	221	test	T059	C0022885
28298553	226	237	investigate	T169	C1292732
28298553	251	256	rapid	T080	C0456962
28298553	257	261	fear	T041	C0015726
28298553	262	269	plateau	T081	C2964353
28298553	270	278	reflects	T041	C0558058
28298553	279	287	complete	T080	C0205197
28298553	288	294	memory	T041	C0025260
28298553	295	304	formation	T169	C1522492
28298553	317	322	short	T081	C1806781
28298553	323	333	time-frame	T079	C0332168
28298553	347	375	immediate-early gene product	T116,T123	C0206355
28298553	376	379	Arc	T116,T123	C1138248
28298553	386	395	indicator	T169	C1522602
28298553	399	410	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28298553	411	418	context	T078	C0449255
28298553	419	425	memory	T041	C0025260
28298553	426	435	formation	T169	C1522492
28298553	445	453	activity	T052	C0441655
28298553	469	480	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28298553	481	484	Arc	T116,T123	C1138248
28298553	485	495	expression	T045	C1171362
28298553	496	505	continued	T078	C0549178
28298553	509	517	increase	T169	C0442805
28298553	532	539	minimal	T080	C0547040
28298553	540	544	time	T079	C0040223
28298553	558	565	plateau	T081	C2964353
28298553	568	573	level	T080	C0441889
28298553	574	578	fear	T041	C0015726
28298553	613	620	context	T078	C0449255
28298553	621	625	fear	T041	C0015726
28298553	626	638	conditioning	T041	C0009647
28298553	651	658	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28298553	664	672	complete	T080	C0205197
28298553	673	679	memory	T041	C0025260
28298553	680	689	formation	T169	C1522492
28298553	697	704	animals	T008	C0003062
28298553	730	738	robustly	T080	C2986815
28298553	747	755	complete	T080	C0205197
28298553	760	770	incomplete	T080	C0205257
28298553	771	781	contextual	T041	C0237482
28298553	782	797	representations	T052	C1882932

28298837|t|A study of acute muscle dysfunction with particular reference to dengue myopathy
28298837|a|Acute myopathy is a common cause of acute motor quadriparesis which has various etiologies with different courses of illness and prognosis depending on the cause. Understanding this diversity helps us in proper approach toward diagnosis, predicting the prognosis, and possible complications and in improving the treatments that are being provided. This study was planned to study the clinical, electrophysiological, and etiological profile of patients presenting with acute myopathy. We also studied how dengue -related acute myopathy differs from other causes and also difference between myopathy due to myositis and hypokalemia in cases of dengue. This was a prospective, observational study involving all clinically suspected cases of acute myopathy of not more than 4 weeks duration with raised serum creatine kinase (CK) level. They were subjected to detailed clinical evaluation along with hematological, biochemical, microbiological, and electrophysiological studies and followed-up for outcome at 1 and 3 months. Muscle biopsy and histopathological examination were done in selected patients after taking informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed by appropriate methods using SPSS version 16.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). We evaluated thirty patients of acute myopathy with raised CK level. Seventeen patients had fever, 11 had myalgia, and 5 had skin lesions. All presented with symmetric weakness, 17 (56.7%) patients having predominantly proximal weakness, neck or truncal weakness in 6 (20%), hyporeflexia in 12 (40%), with mean Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score of 46.67 ± 6.0. Eight (mean modified Barthel index [MBI] at presentation - 15 ± 3.7) patients had poor functional status according to MBI and 15 according to modified Rankin scale (MRS) (mean MRS score - 2.5 ± 1.2). Etiology was dengue viral infection in 14 patients; hypokalemia due to various causes other than dengue in 8; pyomyositis in 3; dermatomyositis, polymyositis, thyrotoxicosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and unknown etiology in one each. Only eight patients had abnormal electrophysiology and seven among nine biopsies done were abnormal. At 1 month, 24 (80.0%) and 23 (76.7%) patients had achieved normal MBI and MRS scores with 28 (93.3) and 27 (90%) patients, respectively, at 3 months. Dengue with hypokalemia had less myalgia, more of hyporeflexia, and lower serum CK compared to those without hypokalemia. Dengue infection and hypokalemia due to various causes are the most common causes of acute myopathy and are associated with rapid and complete recovery within 1 month. Shorter duration of illness, higher MRC sum score, better disability status at presentation, lower serum CK correlate with better outcome. Biopsy was decisive in <20% cases; hence, it is not primary investigation in acute myopathy.
28298837	2	7	study	T062	C2603343
28298837	11	16	acute	T079	C0205178
28298837	17	23	muscle	T024	C0026845
28298837	24	35	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28298837	65	71	dengue	T047	C0011311
28298837	72	80	myopathy	T047	C0026848
28298837	81	95	Acute myopathy	T047	C1735371
28298837	117	142	acute motor quadriparesis	T184	C0270790
28298837	161	171	etiologies	T169	C0015127
28298837	187	194	courses	T079	C0750729
28298837	198	205	illness	T184	C0221423
28298837	210	219	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28298837	244	257	Understanding	T041	C0162340
28298837	263	272	diversity	T080	C1880371
28298837	308	317	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28298837	319	329	predicting	T078	C0681842
28298837	334	343	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28298837	358	371	complications	T046	C0009566
28298837	379	388	improving	T080	C1272745
28298837	393	403	treatments	T061	C0087111
28298837	434	439	study	T062	C2603343
28298837	465	473	clinical	T080	C0205210
28298837	475	495	electrophysiological	T060	C0850293
28298837	501	520	etiological profile	T169	C0015127
28298837	524	532	patients	T101	C0030705
28298837	533	543	presenting	T078	C0449450
28298837	549	563	acute myopathy	T047	C1735371
28298837	585	591	dengue	T047	C0011311
28298837	601	615	acute myopathy	T047	C1735371
28298837	651	661	difference	T080	C1705242
28298837	670	678	myopathy	T047	C0026848
28298837	686	694	myositis	T047	C0027121
28298837	699	710	hypokalemia	T033	C0020621
28298837	714	719	cases	T169	C0868928
28298837	723	729	dengue	T047	C0011311
28298837	755	774	observational study	T062	C1518527
28298837	800	809	suspected	T078	C0750491
28298837	810	815	cases	T169	C0868928
28298837	819	833	acute myopathy	T047	C1735371
28298837	853	858	weeks	T079	C0439230
28298837	859	867	duration	T079	C0449238
28298837	873	879	raised	T080	C0442818
28298837	880	885	serum	T031	C0229671
28298837	886	901	creatine kinase	T116,T126	C0010287
28298837	903	905	CK	T116,T126	C0010287
28298837	907	912	level	T080	C0441889
28298837	946	965	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
28298837	977	990	hematological	T169	C0205488
28298837	992	1003	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28298837	1005	1020	microbiological	T170	C0025953
28298837	1026	1054	electrophysiological studies	T060	C0850293
28298837	1059	1070	followed-up	T058	C1522577
28298837	1075	1082	outcome	T169	C1274040
28298837	1094	1100	months	T079	C0439231
28298837	1102	1115	Muscle biopsy	T060	C0185283
28298837	1120	1137	histopathological	T169	C0243140
28298837	1138	1149	examination	T058	C0582103
28298837	1172	1180	patients	T101	C0030705
28298837	1212	1232	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28298837	1237	1246	performed	T169	C0884358
28298837	1250	1269	appropriate methods	T170	C0025663
28298837	1276	1293	SPSS version 16.0	T073,T170	C0037585
28298837	1295	1302	Chicago	T083	C0008044
28298837	1304	1306	IL	T083	C0020898
28298837	1308	1311	USA	T083	C0041703
28298837	1334	1342	patients	T101	C0030705
28298837	1346	1360	acute myopathy	T047	C1735371
28298837	1366	1372	raised	T080	C0442818
28298837	1373	1375	CK	T116,T126	C0010287
28298837	1376	1381	level	T080	C0441889
28298837	1393	1401	patients	T101	C0030705
28298837	1406	1411	fever	T184	C0015967
28298837	1420	1427	myalgia	T184	C0231528
28298837	1439	1451	skin lesions	T047	C0037284
28298837	1472	1490	symmetric weakness	T184	C3714552
28298837	1503	1511	patients	T101	C0030705
28298837	1533	1550	proximal weakness	T184	C0750403
28298837	1552	1556	neck	T029	C0027530
28298837	1560	1576	truncal weakness	T033	C0241492
28298837	1589	1601	hyporeflexia	T033	C0151888
28298837	1620	1665	mean Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score	T081	C0449820
28298837	1689	1716	mean modified Barthel index	T170	C0282574
28298837	1718	1721	MBI	T170	C0282574
28298837	1726	1738	presentation	T078	C0449450
28298837	1751	1759	patients	T101	C0030705
28298837	1764	1768	poor	T080	C0542537
28298837	1769	1786	functional status	T033	C0598463
28298837	1800	1803	MBI	T170	C0282574
28298837	1824	1845	modified Rankin scale	T170	C2984908
28298837	1847	1850	MRS	T170	C2984908
28298837	1858	1867	MRS score	T170	C3828944
28298837	1882	1890	Etiology	T169	C1314792
28298837	1895	1901	dengue	T005	C0011315
28298837	1902	1917	viral infection	T047	C0042769
28298837	1924	1932	patients	T101	C0030705
28298837	1934	1945	hypokalemia	T033	C0020621
28298837	1979	1985	dengue	T047	C0011311
28298837	1992	2003	pyomyositis	T047	C1704275
28298837	2010	2025	dermatomyositis	T047	C0011633
28298837	2027	2039	polymyositis	T047	C0085655
28298837	2041	2055	thyrotoxicosis	T047	C0040156
28298837	2057	2085	systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
28298837	2099	2107	etiology	T169	C1314792
28298837	2132	2140	patients	T101	C0030705
28298837	2145	2153	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28298837	2154	2171	electrophysiology	T060	C1446476
28298837	2193	2201	biopsies	T060	C0005558
28298837	2212	2220	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28298837	2227	2232	month	T079	C0439231
28298837	2260	2268	patients	T101	C0030705
28298837	2289	2292	MBI	T170	C0282574
28298837	2297	2307	MRS scores	T170	C3828944
28298837	2336	2344	patients	T101	C0030705
28298837	2365	2371	months	T079	C0439231
28298837	2373	2379	Dengue	T047	C0011311
28298837	2385	2396	hypokalemia	T033	C0020621
28298837	2406	2413	myalgia	T184	C0231528
28298837	2423	2435	hyporeflexia	T033	C0151888
28298837	2447	2452	serum	T031	C0229671
28298837	2453	2455	CK	T116,T126	C0010287
28298837	2482	2493	hypokalemia	T033	C0020621
28298837	2495	2511	Dengue infection	T047	C0011311
28298837	2516	2527	hypokalemia	T033	C0020621
28298837	2580	2594	acute myopathy	T047	C1735371
28298837	2619	2624	rapid	T080	C0456962
28298837	2629	2646	complete recovery	T033	C2826210
28298837	2656	2661	month	T079	C0439231
28298837	2663	2670	Shorter	T081	C1806781
28298837	2671	2679	duration	T079	C0449238
28298837	2683	2690	illness	T184	C0221423
28298837	2692	2698	higher	T080	C0205250
28298837	2699	2712	MRC sum score	T081	C0449820
28298837	2721	2738	disability status	UnknownType	C0682148
28298837	2742	2754	presentation	T078	C0449450
28298837	2756	2761	lower	T080	C0205251
28298837	2762	2767	serum	T031	C0229671
28298837	2768	2770	CK	T116,T126	C0010287
28298837	2771	2780	correlate	T080	C1707520
28298837	2793	2800	outcome	T169	C1274040
28298837	2802	2808	Biopsy	T060	C0005558
28298837	2830	2835	cases	T169	C0868928
28298837	2862	2875	investigation	T058	C0220825
28298837	2879	2893	acute myopathy	T047	C1735371

28299441|t|The R2R3MYB VvMYBPA1 from grape reprograms the phenylpropanoid pathway in tobacco flowers
28299441|a|This work shows that, in tobacco, the ectopic expression of VvMYBPA1, a grape regulator of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, up- or down-regulates different branches of the phenylproanoid pathway, in a structure-specific fashion. Proanthocyanidins are flavonoids of paramount importance for animal and human diet. Research interest increasingly tilts towards generating crops enriched with these health -promoting compounds. Flavonoids synthesis is regulated by the MBW transcriptional complex, made of R2R3MYB, bHLH and WD40 proteins, with the MYB components liable for channeling the complex towards specific branches of the pathway. Hence, using tobacco as a model, here, we tested if the ectopic expression of the proanthocyanidin regulator VvMYBPA1 from grape induces the biosynthesis of these compounds in not-naturally committed cells. Here, we show, via targeted transcriptomic and metabolic analyses of primary transgenic lines and their progeny, that VvMYBPA1 alters the phenylpropanoid pathway in tobacco floral organs, in a structure-specific fashion. We also report that a modest VvMYBPA1 expression is sufficient to induce the expression of both proanthocyanidin -specific and early genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Consequently, proanthocyanidins and chlorogenic acids are induced or de novo synthetised in floral limbs, tubes and stamens. Other phenylpropanoid branches are conversely induced or depleted according to the floral structure. Our study documents a novel and distinct function of VvMYBPA1 with respect to other MYBs regulating proanthocyanidins. Present findings may have major implications in designing strategies for enriching crops with health -promoting compounds.
28299441	4	11	R2R3MYB	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	12	20	VvMYBPA1	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	26	31	grape	T002	C0682492
28299441	47	70	phenylpropanoid pathway	T044	C1156966
28299441	74	81	tobacco	T002	C0740009
28299441	82	89	flowers	T002	C0330090
28299441	115	122	tobacco	T002	C0740009
28299441	128	146	ectopic expression	T045	C1512167
28299441	150	158	VvMYBPA1	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	162	167	grape	T002	C0682492
28299441	168	177	regulator	T077	C1704735
28299441	181	197	proanthocyanidin	T109,T121	C0072018
28299441	212	233	up- or down-regulates	T043	C1157519
28299441	260	282	phenylproanoid pathway	T044	C1156966
28299441	317	334	Proanthocyanidins	T109,T121	C0072018
28299441	339	349	flavonoids	T109	C0596577
28299441	378	384	animal	T168	C3668949
28299441	389	399	human diet	T168	C0012155
28299441	401	409	Research	T062	C0035168
28299441	457	462	crops	T002	C0242775
28299441	483	489	health	T078	C0018684
28299441	501	510	compounds	T080	C0205198
28299441	512	522	Flavonoids	T109	C0596577
28299441	523	532	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28299441	553	556	MBW	T026	C1167128
28299441	557	580	transcriptional complex	T026	C1167128
28299441	590	597	R2R3MYB	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	599	603	bHLH	T116,T123	C0288972
28299441	608	621	WD40 proteins	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	632	635	MYB	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	658	668	channeling	T082	C0439799
28299441	673	680	complex	T104	C1704241
28299441	714	721	pathway	T044	C1704259
28299441	736	743	tobacco	T002	C0740009
28299441	749	754	model	T075	C0026336
28299441	765	771	tested	T169	C0039593
28299441	779	797	ectopic expression	T045	C1512167
28299441	805	821	proanthocyanidin	T109,T121	C0072018
28299441	822	831	regulator	T077	C1704735
28299441	832	840	VvMYBPA1	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	846	851	grape	T002	C0682492
28299441	852	859	induces	T169	C0205263
28299441	864	876	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
28299441	886	895	compounds	T080	C0205198
28299441	913	928	committed cells	T025	C0301868
28299441	958	972	transcriptomic	T045	C0040649
28299441	977	986	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28299441	987	995	analyses	T062	C0936012
28299441	1007	1023	transgenic lines	T002	C0085245
28299441	1034	1041	progeny	T099	C0680063
28299441	1048	1056	VvMYBPA1	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	1068	1091	phenylpropanoid pathway	T044	C1156966
28299441	1095	1102	tobacco	T002	C0740009
28299441	1103	1116	floral organs	T002	C0330090
28299441	1180	1188	VvMYBPA1	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	1189	1199	expression	T045	C1171362
28299441	1228	1238	expression	T045	C1171362
28299441	1247	1263	proanthocyanidin	T109,T121	C0072018
28299441	1278	1289	early genes	T028	C0017337
28299441	1297	1320	phenylpropanoid pathway	T044	C1156966
28299441	1336	1353	proanthocyanidins	T109,T121	C0072018
28299441	1358	1375	chlorogenic acids	T109,T123	C0008240
28299441	1391	1398	de novo	T078	C1515568
28299441	1414	1433	floral limbs, tubes	T002	C0330090
28299441	1438	1445	stamens	T002	C1136236
28299441	1453	1477	phenylpropanoid branches	T044	C1156966
28299441	1504	1512	depleted	T169	C0333668
28299441	1530	1546	floral structure	T002	C0330090
28299441	1570	1575	novel	T080	C0205314
28299441	1601	1609	VvMYBPA1	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	1632	1636	MYBs	T116,T123	C0040648
28299441	1648	1665	proanthocyanidins	T109,T121	C0072018
28299441	1675	1683	findings	T169	C2607943
28299441	1715	1735	designing strategies	T041	C0679199
28299441	1750	1755	crops	T002	C0242775
28299441	1761	1767	health	T078	C0018684
28299441	1779	1788	compounds	T080	C0205198

28299515|t|The influence of slope on Spartium junceum root system: morphological, anatomical and biomechanical adaptation
28299515|a|Root systems have a pivotal role in plant anchorage and their mechanical interactions with the soil may contribute to soil reinforcement and stabilization of slide-prone slopes. In order to understand the responses of root system to mechanical stress induced by slope, samples of Spartium junceum L., growing in slope and in plane natural conditions, were compared in their morphology, biomechanical properties and anatomical features. Soils sampled in slope and plane revealed similar characteristics, with the exception of organic matter content and penetrometer resistance, both higher in slope. Slope significantly influenced root morphology and in particular the distribution of lateral roots along the soil depth. Indeed, first-order lateral roots of plants growing on slope condition showed an asymmetric distribution between up- and down-slope. Contrarily, this asymmetric distribution was not observed in plants growing in plane. The tensile strength was higher in lateral roots growing up-slope and in plane conditions than in those growing down-slope. Anatomical investigations revealed that, while roots grown up-slope had higher area covered by xylem fibers, the ratio of xylem and phloem fibers to root diameter did not differ among the three conditions, as also, no differences were found for xylem fiber cell wall thickness. Roots growing up-slope were the main contributors to anchorage properties, which included higher strength and higher number of fibers in the xylematic tissues. Results suggested that a combination of root - specific morphological, anatomical and biomechanical traits, determines anchorage functions in slope conditions.
28299515	4	13	influence	T077	C4054723
28299515	17	22	slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	26	42	Spartium junceum	T002	C1014924
28299515	43	54	root system	T002	C0242726
28299515	56	69	morphological	T080	C0332437
28299515	71	81	anatomical	T080	C0220784
28299515	86	99	biomechanical	T080	C0205556
28299515	100	110	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28299515	111	123	Root systems	T002	C0242726
28299515	139	143	role	T077	C1705810
28299515	147	152	plant	T002	C0032098
28299515	153	162	anchorage	T052	C2825961
28299515	173	196	mechanical interactions	T169	C1704675
28299515	206	210	soil	T167	C0037592
28299515	229	233	soil	T167	C0037592
28299515	234	247	reinforcement	T169	C0205245
28299515	252	265	stabilization	T080	C0205360
28299515	269	287	slide-prone slopes	T082	C1254362
28299515	316	325	responses	T032	C0871261
28299515	329	340	root system	T002	C0242726
28299515	344	361	mechanical stress	T070	C0038442
28299515	362	369	induced	T169	C0205263
28299515	373	378	slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	380	387	samples	T167	C0370003
28299515	391	410	Spartium junceum L.	T002	C1014924
28299515	412	419	growing	T169	C0205245
28299515	423	428	slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	436	441	plane	T082	C1254362
28299515	442	460	natural conditions	T169	C0205296
28299515	485	495	morphology	T080	C0332437
28299515	497	521	biomechanical properties	T080	C0871161
28299515	526	545	anatomical features	T082	C0502371
28299515	547	552	Soils	T167	C0037592
28299515	553	560	sampled	T078	C0870078
28299515	564	569	slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	574	579	plane	T082	C1254362
28299515	597	612	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28299515	623	632	exception	T077	C1705847
28299515	636	650	organic matter	T167	C0439861
28299515	651	658	content	T077	C0456205
28299515	663	686	penetrometer resistance	T169	C4281815
28299515	703	708	slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	710	715	Slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	730	740	influenced	T077	C4054723
28299515	741	745	root	T002	C0242726
28299515	746	756	morphology	T080	C0332437
28299515	779	791	distribution	T169	C1704711
28299515	795	802	lateral	T082	C0205093
28299515	803	808	roots	T002	C0242726
28299515	819	823	soil	T167	C0037592
28299515	824	829	depth	T082	C0205125
28299515	839	850	first-order	T169	C1373201
28299515	851	858	lateral	T082	C0205093
28299515	859	864	roots	T002	C0242726
28299515	868	874	plants	T002	C0032098
28299515	875	882	growing	T169	C0205245
28299515	886	891	slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	892	901	condition	T080	C0348080
28299515	912	922	asymmetric	T082	C0332514
28299515	923	935	distribution	T169	C1704711
28299515	944	947	up-	T082	C1254362
28299515	952	962	down-slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	981	991	asymmetric	T082	C0332514
28299515	992	1004	distribution	T169	C1704711
28299515	1025	1031	plants	T002	C0032098
28299515	1032	1039	growing	T169	C0205245
28299515	1043	1048	plane	T082	C1254362
28299515	1054	1070	tensile strength	T081	C0039526
28299515	1085	1092	lateral	T082	C0205093
28299515	1093	1098	roots	T002	C0242726
28299515	1099	1106	growing	T169	C0205245
28299515	1107	1115	up-slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	1123	1128	plane	T082	C1254362
28299515	1129	1139	conditions	T080	C0348080
28299515	1154	1161	growing	T169	C0205245
28299515	1162	1172	down-slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	1174	1199	Anatomical investigations	T062	C0242481
28299515	1221	1226	roots	T002	C0242726
28299515	1233	1241	up-slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	1253	1257	area	T082	C0205146
28299515	1269	1281	xylem fibers	T002	C1720877
28299515	1287	1292	ratio	T081	C0456603
28299515	1296	1301	xylem	T002	C1720877
28299515	1306	1319	phloem fibers	T002	C1720878
28299515	1323	1327	root	T002	C0242726
28299515	1328	1336	diameter	T081	C1301886
28299515	1368	1378	conditions	T080	C0348080
28299515	1389	1403	no differences	T033	C3842396
28299515	1419	1430	xylem fiber	T002	C1720877
28299515	1431	1440	cell wall	T026	C0007623
28299515	1441	1450	thickness	T080	C1280412
28299515	1452	1457	Roots	T002	C0242726
28299515	1458	1465	growing	T169	C0205245
28299515	1466	1474	up-slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	1505	1514	anchorage	T052	C2825961
28299515	1515	1525	properties	T080	C0871161
28299515	1549	1557	strength	T081	C0039526
28299515	1579	1585	fibers	T002	C1260603
28299515	1593	1602	xylematic	T002	C1720877
28299515	1603	1610	tissues	T025	C1514137
28299515	1652	1656	root	T002	C0242726
28299515	1659	1667	specific	T080	C0205369
28299515	1668	1681	morphological	T080	C0332437
28299515	1683	1693	anatomical	T080	C0220784
28299515	1698	1711	biomechanical	T080	C0205556
28299515	1712	1718	traits	T032	C0599883
28299515	1731	1740	anchorage	T052	C2825961
28299515	1741	1750	functions	T169	C0542341
28299515	1754	1759	slope	T082	C1254362
28299515	1760	1770	conditions	T080	C0348080

28299642|t|Cerebromicrovascular dysfunction predicts cognitive decline and gait abnormalities in a mouse model of whole brain irradiation -induced accelerated brain senescence
28299642|a|Whole brain irradiation (WBI) is a mainstream therapy for patients with both identifiable brain metastases and prophylaxis for microscopic malignancies. However, it also promotes accelerated senescence in healthy tissues and leads to progressive cognitive dysfunction in up to 50% of tumor patients surviving long term after treatment, due to γ-irradiation -induced cerebromicrovascular injury. Moment-to-moment adjustment of cerebral blood flow (CBF) via neuronal activity -dependent cerebromicrovascular dilation (functional hyperemia) has a critical role in maintenance of healthy cognitive function. To determine whether cognitive decline induced by WBI associates with impaired cerebromicrovascular function, C56BL/6 mice (3 months) subjected to a clinically relevant protocol of fractionated WBI (5 Gy twice weekly for 4 weeks) and control mice were compared. Mice were tested for spatial memory performance (radial arm water maze), sensorimotor coordination (computerized gait analysis, CatWalk), and cerebromicrovascular function (whisker - stimulation -induced increases in CBF, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry) at 3 to 6 months post - irradiation. We found that mice with WBI exhibited impaired cerebromicrovascular function at 3 months post - irradiation, which was associated with impaired performance in the radial arm water maze. At 6 months, post - irradiation progressive impairment in gait coordination (including changes in the regularity index and phase dispersion) was also evident. Collectively, our findings provide evidence for early and persisting neurovascular impairment after a clinically relevant protocol of fractionated WBI, which predict early manifestations of cognitive impairment.
28299642	0	20	Cerebromicrovascular	T080	C1880018
28299642	21	32	dysfunction	T046	C0277785
28299642	42	59	cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
28299642	64	82	gait abnormalities	T033	C0575081
28299642	88	99	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28299642	103	126	whole brain irradiation	T061	C2064932
28299642	148	153	brain	T023	C0006104
28299642	154	164	senescence	T040	C1622455
28299642	165	188	Whole brain irradiation	T061	C2064932
28299642	190	193	WBI	T061	C2064932
28299642	211	218	therapy	T169	C0039798
28299642	223	231	patients	T101	C0030705
28299642	255	271	brain metastases	T191	C0220650
28299642	276	287	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
28299642	292	303	microscopic	T080	C0205288
28299642	304	316	malignancies	T191	C4282132
28299642	356	366	senescence	T040	C1622455
28299642	370	377	healthy	T080	C3898900
28299642	378	385	tissues	T024	C0040300
28299642	399	410	progressive	T169	C0205329
28299642	411	432	cognitive dysfunction	T048	C0338656
28299642	449	454	tumor	T191	C0027651
28299642	455	463	patients	T101	C0030705
28299642	464	473	surviving	T052	C0038952
28299642	474	483	long term	T079	C0443252
28299642	490	499	treatment	T061	C0087111
28299642	508	521	γ-irradiation	T070	C0017011
28299642	531	551	cerebromicrovascular	T080	C1880018
28299642	552	558	injury	T037	C0270611
28299642	591	610	cerebral blood flow	T033	C0428714
28299642	612	615	CBF	T033	C0428714
28299642	621	638	neuronal activity	T039	C0700630
28299642	650	670	cerebromicrovascular	T080	C1880018
28299642	671	679	dilation	T046	C0012359
28299642	681	701	functional hyperemia	T046	C0333234
28299642	741	748	healthy	T080	C3898900
28299642	749	767	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
28299642	790	807	cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
28299642	819	822	WBI	T061	C2064932
28299642	839	847	impaired	T169	C0221099
28299642	848	868	cerebromicrovascular	T080	C1880018
28299642	869	877	function	T169	C0542341
28299642	879	891	C56BL/6 mice	T015	C0026809
28299642	918	946	clinically relevant protocol	T170	C0442711
28299642	950	962	fractionated	T080	C1979893
28299642	963	966	WBI	T061	C2064932
28299642	1011	1015	mice	T015	C0026809
28299642	1031	1035	Mice	T015	C0026809
28299642	1052	1066	spatial memory	T041	C0814087
28299642	1067	1078	performance	T055	C0597198
28299642	1080	1101	radial arm water maze	T073	C0870866
28299642	1104	1129	sensorimotor coordination	T040	C0589515
28299642	1131	1157	computerized gait analysis	T060	C0558820
28299642	1159	1166	CatWalk	T170	C0282574
28299642	1173	1193	cerebromicrovascular	T080	C1880018
28299642	1194	1202	function	T169	C0542341
28299642	1204	1211	whisker	T023	C0042640
28299642	1214	1225	stimulation	T068	C0031817
28299642	1235	1244	increases	T169	C0442805
28299642	1248	1251	CBF	T033	C0428714
28299642	1265	1288	laser Doppler flowmetry	T060	C0162520
28299642	1307	1311	post	T079	C0687676
28299642	1314	1325	irradiation	T070	C0851346
28299642	1341	1345	mice	T015	C0026809
28299642	1351	1354	WBI	T061	C2064932
28299642	1365	1373	impaired	T169	C0221099
28299642	1374	1394	cerebromicrovascular	T080	C1880018
28299642	1395	1403	function	T169	C0542341
28299642	1416	1420	post	T079	C0687676
28299642	1423	1434	irradiation	T070	C0851346
28299642	1446	1461	associated with	T080	C0332281
28299642	1462	1470	impaired	T169	C0221099
28299642	1490	1511	radial arm water maze	T073	C0870866
28299642	1526	1530	post	T079	C0687676
28299642	1533	1544	irradiation	T070	C0851346
28299642	1545	1556	progressive	T169	C0205329
28299642	1557	1567	impairment	T169	C0221099
28299642	1571	1575	gait	T033	C0016928
28299642	1576	1588	coordination	T039	C0242414
28299642	1600	1607	changes	T169	C0392747
28299642	1615	1625	regularity	T080	C0449581
28299642	1626	1631	index	T170	C0600653
28299642	1636	1641	phase	T079	C0205390
28299642	1642	1652	dispersion	T082	C0332624
28299642	1690	1698	findings	T033	C0243095
28299642	1707	1715	evidence	T078	C3887511
28299642	1720	1725	early	T079	C1279919
28299642	1741	1765	neurovascular impairment	T047	C3898144
28299642	1774	1802	clinically relevant protocol	T170	C0442711
28299642	1806	1818	fractionated	T080	C1979893
28299642	1819	1822	WBI	T061	C2064932
28299642	1838	1843	early	T079	C1279919
28299642	1844	1861	manifestations of	T080	C1280464
28299642	1862	1882	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656

28299657|t|RUNX1-ETO Leukemia
28299657|a|AML1-ETO leukemia is the most common cytogenetic subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, defined by the presence of t(8;21). Remarkable progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of AML1-ETO leukemia. Proteomic surveies have shown that AML-ETO forms a stable complex with several transcription factors, including E proteins. Genome-wide transcriptome and ChIP-seq analyses have revealed the genes directly regulated by AML1-ETO, such as CEBPA. Several lines of evidence suggest that AML1-ETO suppresses endogenous DNA repair in cells to promote mutagenesis, which facilitates acquisition of cooperating secondary events. Furthermore, it has become increasingly apparent that a delicate balance of AML1-ETO and native AML1 is important to sustain the malignant cell phenotype. Translation of these findings into the clinical setting is just beginning.
28299657	0	9	RUNX1-ETO	T116	C0665119
28299657	10	18	Leukemia	T191	C0023418
28299657	19	27	AML1-ETO	T116	C0665119
28299657	28	36	leukemia	T191	C0023418
28299657	56	67	cytogenetic	T019	C0000768
28299657	68	75	subtype	T185	C0449560
28299657	79	101	acute myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023440
28299657	130	137	t(8;21)	T049	C3897139
28299657	198	207	molecular	T080	C1521991
28299657	208	220	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28299657	224	232	AML1-ETO	T116	C0665119
28299657	233	241	leukemia	T191	C0023418
28299657	243	252	Proteomic	T091	C0872252
28299657	253	261	surveies	T170	C0038951
28299657	278	285	AML-ETO	T116	C1332085
28299657	294	300	stable	T080	C0205360
28299657	301	308	complex	T104	C1704241
28299657	322	343	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
28299657	355	365	E proteins	T116,T123	C0599561
28299657	367	392	Genome-wide transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28299657	397	405	ChIP-seq	T063	C3831111
28299657	406	414	analyses	T062	C0936012
28299657	433	438	genes	T028	C0017337
28299657	461	469	AML1-ETO	T116	C0665119
28299657	479	484	CEBPA	T116,T123	C0378310
28299657	503	511	evidence	T078	C3887511
28299657	525	533	AML1-ETO	T116	C0665119
28299657	534	544	suppresses	T169	C1260953
28299657	545	555	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28299657	556	566	DNA repair	T045	C0012899
28299657	570	575	cells	T025	C0007634
28299657	579	586	promote	T052	C0033414
28299657	587	598	mutagenesis	T044	C0079866
28299657	728	735	balance	T040	C0014653
28299657	739	747	AML1-ETO	T116	C0665119
28299657	759	763	AML1	T116,T123	C0215508
28299657	792	806	malignant cell	T025	C0334227
28299657	807	816	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28299657	818	829	Translation	T057	C0040710
28299657	839	847	findings	T033	C0243095
28299657	857	873	clinical setting	T082	C3176918

28299685|t|Fabrication of Lab-on-Paper Using Porous Au-Paper Electrode: Application to Tumor Marker Electrochemical Immunoassays
28299685|a|A simple, low-cost, and sensitive electrochemical lab-on-paper assay is developed based on a novel gold nanoparticle modified porous paper working electrode for use in point-of-care testing (POCT). Electrochemical methods are introduced for lab-on-paper based on screen-printed paper electrodes. To further improve specificity, performance, and sensitivity for point-of-care testing, a novel porous Au-paper working electrode (Au-PWE) is designed for lab-on-paper using growth of an interconnected Au nanoparticle (NP) layer on the surface of cellulose fibers in order to enhance the conductivity of the paper sample zone and immobilize the primary antibodies (Ab1). With a sandwich-type immunoassay format, Pd - Au bimetallic nanoparticles possessing peroxidase-like activity are used as a matrix to immobilize secondary antibodies (Ab2) for rapid detection of targets. This lab-on-paper based immunodevice is applied to the diagnosis of a cancer biomarker in clinical serum samples.
28299685	0	11	Fabrication	T058	C1254363
28299685	15	27	Lab-on-Paper	T074	C0025080
28299685	34	40	Porous	T082	C1254362
28299685	41	59	Au-Paper Electrode	T074	C0025080
28299685	61	72	Application	T169	C4048755
28299685	76	88	Tumor Marker	T123	C0041365
28299685	89	117	Electrochemical Immunoassays	T059	C2957197
28299685	120	126	simple	T080	C0205352
28299685	128	136	low-cost	T081	C0010186
28299685	142	151	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28299685	152	186	electrochemical lab-on-paper assay	T059	C2957197
28299685	217	221	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
28299685	222	234	nanoparticle	T073	C1721060
28299685	244	250	porous	T082	C1254362
28299685	251	256	paper	T073	C0030351
28299685	257	274	working electrode	T074	C0013812
28299685	286	307	point-of-care testing	T058	C1319069
28299685	309	313	POCT	T058	C1319069
28299685	316	339	Electrochemical methods	T059	C2350499
28299685	359	371	lab-on-paper	T074	C0025080
28299685	396	401	paper	T073	C0030351
28299685	402	412	electrodes	T074	C0013812
28299685	433	444	specificity	T081	C0037791
28299685	446	457	performance	T080	C0205556
28299685	463	474	sensitivity	T080	C0205556
28299685	479	500	point-of-care testing	T058	C1319069
28299685	510	516	porous	T082	C1254362
28299685	517	543	Au-paper working electrode	T074	C0013812
28299685	545	551	Au-PWE	T074	C0013812
28299685	569	581	lab-on-paper	T074	C0025080
28299685	588	594	growth	T067	C2911660
28299685	616	618	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28299685	619	631	nanoparticle	T073	C1721060
28299685	633	635	NP	T073	C1721060
28299685	661	670	cellulose	T109,T123	C0007648
28299685	671	677	fibers	T109,T121	C0225326
28299685	702	714	conductivity	T080	C0205556
28299685	722	727	paper	T073	C0030351
28299685	744	754	immobilize	T052	C0441655
28299685	759	777	primary antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28299685	779	782	Ab1	T116,T129	C0003241
28299685	806	824	immunoassay format	T170	C1301627
28299685	826	828	Pd	T196	C0030230
28299685	831	833	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28299685	834	858	bimetallic nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
28299685	870	894	peroxidase-like activity	T070	C1254365
28299685	909	915	matrix	T082	C1704640
28299685	919	929	immobilize	T052	C0441655
28299685	930	950	secondary antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28299685	952	955	Ab2	T116,T129	C0003241
28299685	994	1006	lab-on-paper	T074	C0025080
28299685	1013	1025	immunodevice	T074	C0025080
28299685	1044	1053	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28299685	1059	1065	cancer	T191	C0006826
28299685	1066	1075	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28299685	1079	1087	clinical	T080	C0205210
28299685	1088	1101	serum samples	T031	C1550100

28299817|t|Altered expression of the Olr59, Ethe1, and Slc10a2 genes in the liver of F344 rats by neonatal thyroid hormone disruption
28299817|a|Many concerns have been expressed regarding the possible adverse effects of thyroid hormone-disrupting chemicals in the environment. The disruption of thyroid hormones in the neonatal period may lead to permanent effects on thyroid hormone homeostasis as well as related developmental disorders, as thyroid hormones are essential for regulating the growth and differentiation of many tissues. To understand the long-term alteration in gene expressions by neonatal administration of thyroid hormone -like chemicals in general, we identified genes whose expression was altered in the liver, an important component of the thyroid hormone axis, by neonatal exposure to triiodothyronine (T3). T3 was administered to male F344 rats on postnatal days 1, 3, and 5 (week 0). At 8 weeks of age, cDNA microarray analysis was used to identify hepatic genes whose expression was altered by neonatal exposure to T3. Among the up-regulated genes that were identified, the expression of Olr59, Ethe1, and Slc10a2 increased specifically in rats neonatally exposed to T3. Interestingly, altered hepatic expression of these genes indeed increased when a hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), OH-BDE42, which is capable of binding to the TR, was given neonatally. Our data demonstrated that neonatal exposure to thyroid hormones could affect the long-term expression of the genes, which could be useful markers for neonatal effects by thyroid hormone - disrupting chemicals. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
28299817	8	18	expression	T045	C0017262
28299817	26	31	Olr59	T028	C1418155
28299817	33	38	Ethe1	T028	C1428025
28299817	44	57	Slc10a2 genes	T028	C1420087
28299817	65	70	liver	T023	C1882726
28299817	74	83	F344 rats	T015	C0034703
28299817	87	95	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28299817	96	122	thyroid hormone disruption	T037	C0347610
28299817	199	225	thyroid hormone-disrupting	T037	C0347610
28299817	226	235	chemicals	T131	C0018624
28299817	243	254	environment	T082	C0014406
28299817	260	290	disruption of thyroid hormones	T037	C0347610
28299817	298	313	neonatal period	T079	C0935562
28299817	326	343	permanent effects	T080	C1280500
28299817	347	362	thyroid hormone	T116,T125	C0040135
28299817	363	374	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28299817	394	417	developmental disorders	T048	C0008073
28299817	422	438	thyroid hormones	T116,T125	C0040135
28299817	457	478	regulating the growth	T040	C1160191
28299817	483	514	differentiation of many tissues	T033	C1519519
28299817	558	574	gene expressions	T045	C0017262
28299817	578	586	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28299817	587	620	administration of thyroid hormone	T061	C0199780
28299817	663	685	genes whose expression	T045	C0017262
28299817	690	697	altered	T169	C0392747
28299817	705	710	liver	T023	C1882726
28299817	742	757	thyroid hormone	T116,T125	C0040135
28299817	767	775	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28299817	776	787	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28299817	788	804	triiodothyronine	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
28299817	806	808	T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
28299817	811	813	T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
28299817	818	830	administered	T061	C0199780
28299817	834	848	male F344 rats	T015	C0034703
28299817	852	866	postnatal days	T079	C0443281
28299817	908	932	cDNA microarray analysis	T062	C1609488
28299817	954	961	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28299817	962	967	genes	T028	C0017337
28299817	974	984	expression	T045	C0017262
28299817	1000	1008	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28299817	1009	1020	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28299817	1021	1023	T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
28299817	1035	1053	up-regulated genes	T044	C0041904
28299817	1080	1090	expression	T045	C0017262
28299817	1094	1099	Olr59	T028	C1418155
28299817	1101	1106	Ethe1	T028	C1428025
28299817	1112	1119	Slc10a2	T028	C1420087
28299817	1146	1150	rats	T015	C0034721
28299817	1151	1161	neonatally	T100	C0021289
28299817	1162	1172	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28299817	1173	1175	T3	T116,T121,T125	C0041014
28299817	1200	1207	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28299817	1208	1233	expression of these genes	T045	C0017262
28299817	1258	1300	hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ether	T109,T131	C4086502
28299817	1302	1306	PBDE	T109,T131	C4086502
28299817	1309	1317	OH-BDE42	T109,T131	C4086502
28299817	1339	1356	binding to the TR	T044	C1323384
28299817	1368	1378	neonatally	T100	C0021289
28299817	1407	1415	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28299817	1428	1444	thyroid hormones	T116,T125	C0040135
28299817	1472	1495	expression of the genes	T045	C0017262
28299817	1531	1547	neonatal effects	T047	C0856669
28299817	1551	1566	thyroid hormone	T116,T125	C0040135
28299817	1569	1589	disrupting chemicals	T131	C0018624

28300431|t|The Psychometric Costs of Applicants ' Faking: Examining Measurement Invariance and Retest Correlations Across Response Conditions
28300431|a|This study examines the stability of the response process and the rank-order of respondents responding to 3 personality scales in 4 different response conditions. Applicants to the University College of Teacher Education Styria (N = 243) completed personality scales as part of their college admission process. Half a year later, they retook the same personality scales in 1 of 3 randomly assigned experimental response conditions: honest, faking-good, or reproduce. Longitudinal means and covariance structure analyses showed that applicants ' response processes could be partially reproduced after half a year, and respondents seemed to rely on an honest response behavior as a frame of reference. Additionally, applicants ' faking behavior and instructed faking (faking-good) caused differences in the latent retest correlations and consistently affected measurement properties. The varying latent retest correlations indicated that faking can distort respondents ' rank-order and thus the fairness of subsequent selection decisions, depending on the kind of faking behavior. Instructed faking (faking-good) even affected weak measurement invariance, whereas applicants ' faking behavior did not. Consequently, correlations with personality scales -which can be utilized for predictive validity -may be readily interpreted for applicants. Faking behavior also introduced a uniform bias, implying that the classically observed mean raw score differences may not be readily interpreted.
28300431	4	22	Psychometric Costs	T060	C0033920
28300431	26	36	Applicants	T098	C0696628
28300431	39	45	Faking	T055	C0871743
28300431	57	68	Measurement	T169	C0242485
28300431	84	103	Retest Correlations	T062	C0237828
28300431	111	130	Response Conditions	T041	C0009647
28300431	142	164	examines the stability	T080	C0205360
28300431	172	188	response process	T041	C0009647
28300431	197	207	rank-order	T062,T170	C0871206
28300431	211	222	respondents	T098	C0282122
28300431	223	233	responding	T041	C0009647
28300431	239	257	personality scales	T170	C0582654
28300431	273	292	response conditions	T041	C0009647
28300431	294	304	Applicants	T098	C0696628
28300431	312	351	University College of Teacher Education	T073,T092	C0041740
28300431	352	358	Styria	T083	C0017446
28300431	379	397	personality scales	T170	C0582654
28300431	415	440	college admission process	T170	C0009352
28300431	482	500	personality scales	T170	C0582654
28300431	511	528	randomly assigned	UnknownType	C0814868
28300431	542	561	response conditions	T041	C0009647
28300431	563	569	honest	T055	C0870663
28300431	571	582	faking-good	T055	C0871743
28300431	598	616	Longitudinal means	T062	C0023981
28300431	621	650	covariance structure analyses	T081	C0814908
28300431	663	673	applicants	T098	C0696628
28300431	676	694	response processes	T041	C0009647
28300431	748	759	respondents	T098	C0282122
28300431	781	787	honest	T055	C0870663
28300431	788	805	response behavior	T041	C0009647
28300431	811	829	frame of reference	T077	C1711364
28300431	845	855	applicants	T098	C0696628
28300431	858	873	faking behavior	T055	C0871743
28300431	889	895	faking	T055	C0871743
28300431	897	908	faking-good	T055	C0871743
28300431	936	942	latent	T080	C0205275
28300431	943	962	retest correlations	T062	C0237828
28300431	989	1000	measurement	T169	C0242485
28300431	1025	1031	latent	T080	C0205275
28300431	1032	1051	retest correlations	T062	C0237828
28300431	1052	1061	indicated	T033	C1444656
28300431	1067	1073	faking	T055	C0871743
28300431	1078	1085	distort	T169	C0700135
28300431	1086	1097	respondents	T098	C0282122
28300431	1100	1110	rank-order	T062,T170	C0871206
28300431	1124	1132	fairness	T080	C2911689
28300431	1147	1166	selection decisions	T041	C0011109
28300431	1193	1208	faking behavior	T055	C0871743
28300431	1221	1227	faking	T055	C0871743
28300431	1229	1240	faking-good	T055	C0871743
28300431	1261	1272	measurement	T169	C0242485
28300431	1293	1303	applicants	T098	C0696628
28300431	1306	1321	faking behavior	T055	C0871743
28300431	1345	1357	correlations	T080	C1707520
28300431	1363	1381	personality scales	T170	C0582654
28300431	1409	1428	predictive validity	T080	C0681898
28300431	1445	1456	interpreted	T169	C1285553
28300431	1461	1471	applicants	T098	C0696628
28300431	1473	1488	Faking behavior	T055	C0871743
28300431	1507	1519	uniform bias	T078	C0242568
28300431	1560	1574	mean raw score	T081	C0392762
28300431	1606	1617	interpreted	T169	C1285553

28300494|t|Three-dimensional morphological characterization of malocclusions with mandibular lateral displacement using cone-beam computed tomography
28300494|a|The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic characteristics of MLD malocclusions using 3D imaging. MLD characteristics were examined using CBCT data in 40 subjects. A 3D Cephalometric analysis was developed to describe the spatial position of the mandible and temporal bones. Vertical dental heights were shorter and the posterior occlusal plane (POP) presented a steeper sagittal inclination on the shifted side (the side of the laterally displaced bony chin) than on the contralateral side. (p < 0.01). The MLD was related to a superiorly inclined POP Cant in the same direction (r = 0.82; p < 0.01). The shifted side condyle was dislocated medially and was smaller. Temporal bone sagittal inclination showed a more forward and medial inclination on the contralateral side (p < 0.01). A unilateral decrease in the vertical height of the dentition and the subsequent steeper occlusal plane inclinations correlated with (1) mandibular rotational displacement and condylar lateral displacement, (2) mandibular and condylar morphologic changes (3) changes in temporal bone position.
28300494	0	17	Three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28300494	18	31	morphological	T082	C0543482
28300494	32	48	characterization	T052	C1880022
28300494	52	65	malocclusions	T047	C0024636
28300494	71	102	mandibular lateral displacement	T190	C0399554
28300494	109	138	cone-beam computed tomography	T060	C1956110
28300494	159	164	study	T062	C2603343
28300494	185	196	morphologic	T080	C0332437
28300494	197	212	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28300494	216	219	MLD	T190	C0399554
28300494	220	233	malocclusions	T047	C0024636
28300494	240	250	3D imaging	T060	C0887832
28300494	252	255	MLD	T190	C0399554
28300494	256	271	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28300494	292	296	CBCT	T060	C1956110
28300494	297	301	data	T078	C1511726
28300494	308	316	subjects	T098	C0080105
28300494	320	322	3D	T082	C0450363
28300494	323	345	Cephalometric analysis	T060	C0407698
28300494	376	392	spatial position	T082	C0733755
28300494	400	408	mandible	T023	C0024687
28300494	413	427	temporal bones	T023	C0039484
28300494	429	465	Vertical dental heights were shorter	T033	C0243095
28300494	474	498	posterior occlusal plane	T042	C0524544
28300494	500	503	POP	T042	C0524544
28300494	525	545	sagittal inclination	T033	C0243095
28300494	583	612	laterally displaced bony chin	T033	C0243095
28300494	626	644	contralateral side	T082	C0441988
28300494	662	665	MLD	T190	C0399554
28300494	683	702	superiorly inclined	T033	C0243095
28300494	703	711	POP Cant	T201	C4038832
28300494	773	780	condyle	T023	C0524414
28300494	785	795	dislocated	T037	C0012691
28300494	822	835	Temporal bone	T023	C0039484
28300494	836	856	sagittal inclination	T033	C0243095
28300494	883	901	medial inclination	T033	C0243095
28300494	909	927	contralateral side	T082	C0441988
28300494	942	952	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28300494	953	984	decrease in the vertical height	T033	C0243095
28300494	992	1001	dentition	T023	C0011443
28300494	1029	1056	occlusal plane inclinations	T033	C0243095
28300494	1077	1111	mandibular rotational displacement	T190	C0399554
28300494	1116	1124	condylar	T023	C0524414
28300494	1125	1145	lateral displacement	T169	C0333046
28300494	1151	1161	mandibular	T023	C0024687
28300494	1166	1174	condylar	T023	C0524414
28300494	1175	1186	morphologic	T080	C0332437
28300494	1187	1194	changes	T169	C0392747
28300494	1199	1206	changes	T169	C0392747
28300494	1210	1223	temporal bone	T023	C0039484
28300494	1224	1232	position	T082	C0733755

28301024|t|Comparison of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and Intraoral Radiography in Detection of Recurrent Caries under Composite Restorations
28301024|a|Secondary caries is the most common cause of dental restoration failures. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of conventional and digital intraoral radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detection of recurrent caries around composite restorations. mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavities were prepared using bur on 45 extracted sound human molar teeth. The teeth were divided into 3 groups. In the control group, cavities were restored with composite resin after etching and bonding (n=15). In Group 2, 500-μm thick wax was placed over the buccal, lingual and gingival walls and the cavities were restored with composite resin. Group 3 specimens were subjected to pH cycling and artificial caries were created on the buccal, lingual and gingival walls. The cavities were restored with composite. Conventional and digital photo-stimulable phosphor (PSP; Optime) radiographs and two CBCTs images (NewTom 3G and Cranex 3D) were obtained from them. Presence or absence of caries in the cavity walls was assessed on these images. Data were analyzed using Kappa statistic. The diagnostic accuracy of CBCT was significantly higher than that of digital and conventional intraoral radiography (p<0.05). The accuracy was 0.83, 0.78, 0.55 and 0.49 for CBCT Cranex 3D, CBCT NewTom 3G, conventional and digital intraoral radiography, respectively. CBCT has a higher diagnostic accuracy than digital and conventional intraoral radiography for detection of secondary caries around composite restorations.
28301024	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28301024	14	43	Cone-Beam Computed Tomography	T060	C1956110
28301024	48	69	Intraoral Radiography	T060	C0034575
28301024	73	82	Detection	T061	C1511790
28301024	86	102	Recurrent Caries	T047	C4290196
28301024	109	118	Composite	T122	C0009570
28301024	119	131	Restorations	T061	C0399059
28301024	132	148	Secondary caries	T047	C1882989
28301024	168	173	cause	T169	C0015127
28301024	177	204	dental restoration failures	T067	C0376494
28301024	238	257	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28301024	261	273	conventional	T060	C0034575
28301024	278	307	digital intraoral radiography	T060	C0376512
28301024	312	341	cone beam computed tomography	T060	C1956110
28301024	343	347	CBCT	T060	C1956110
28301024	353	362	detection	T061	C1511790
28301024	366	382	recurrent caries	T047	C4290196
28301024	390	399	composite	T122	C0009570
28301024	400	412	restorations	T061	C0399059
28301024	414	434	mesio-occluso-distal	T029	C0447327
28301024	436	439	MOD	T029	C0447327
28301024	441	449	cavities	T047	C0011334
28301024	455	463	prepared	T033	C4082130
28301024	470	473	bur	T074	C0179470
28301024	496	501	human	T016	C0086418
28301024	502	513	molar teeth	T023	C0026367
28301024	519	524	teeth	T023	C0040426
28301024	545	551	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28301024	560	573	control group	T096	C0009932
28301024	575	583	cavities	T047	C0011334
28301024	589	597	restored	T061	C1283255
28301024	603	618	composite resin	T122	C0009570
28301024	625	632	etching	T061	C0086261
28301024	637	644	bonding	T061	C0005926
28301024	656	661	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
28301024	678	681	wax	T122	C0180365
28301024	686	692	placed	T058	C1533810
28301024	702	708	buccal	T029	C1540415
28301024	710	717	lingual	T029	C0447311
28301024	722	736	gingival walls	T029	C0227114
28301024	745	753	cavities	T047	C0011334
28301024	759	767	restored	T061	C1283255
28301024	773	788	composite resin	T122	C0009570
28301024	790	795	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
28301024	798	807	specimens	T096	C0681850
28301024	826	836	pH cycling	T059	C0022885
28301024	841	851	artificial	T080	C2004457
28301024	852	858	caries	T047	C0162644
28301024	879	885	buccal	T029	C1540415
28301024	887	894	lingual	T029	C0447311
28301024	899	913	gingival walls	T029	C0227114
28301024	919	927	cavities	T047	C0011334
28301024	933	941	restored	T061	C1283255
28301024	947	956	composite	T122	C0009570
28301024	958	1034	Conventional and digital photo-stimulable phosphor (PSP; Optime) radiographs	T060	C0430022
28301024	1043	1055	CBCTs images	T060	C1956110
28301024	1057	1066	NewTom 3G	T074	C0025080
28301024	1071	1080	Cranex 3D	T074	C0025080
28301024	1107	1115	Presence	T033	C0150312
28301024	1119	1126	absence	T169	C0332197
28301024	1130	1136	caries	T047	C0011334
28301024	1144	1156	cavity walls	T030	C0011403
28301024	1161	1169	assessed	T052	C1516048
28301024	1179	1185	images	T060	C0498015
28301024	1187	1191	Data	T078	C1511726
28301024	1197	1205	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28301024	1212	1227	Kappa statistic	T081	C0392762
28301024	1233	1252	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28301024	1256	1260	CBCT	T060	C1956110
28301024	1265	1285	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28301024	1299	1306	digital	T060	C0376512
28301024	1311	1345	conventional intraoral radiography	T060	C0034575
28301024	1360	1368	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28301024	1403	1407	CBCT	T060	C1956110
28301024	1408	1417	Cranex 3D	T074	C0025080
28301024	1419	1423	CBCT	T060	C1956110
28301024	1424	1433	NewTom 3G	T074	C0025080
28301024	1435	1447	conventional	T060	C0034575
28301024	1452	1481	digital intraoral radiography	T060	C0376512
28301024	1497	1501	CBCT	T060	C1956110
28301024	1515	1534	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28301024	1540	1547	digital	T060	C0376512
28301024	1552	1586	conventional intraoral radiography	T060	C0034575
28301024	1591	1600	detection	T061	C1511790
28301024	1604	1620	secondary caries	T047	C1882989
28301024	1628	1637	composite	T122	C0009570
28301024	1638	1650	restorations	T061	C0399059

28301248|t|Small Poultry Flocks in Alberta: Demographics and Practices
28301248|a|The distribution, composition, and management characteristics of small " backyard " poultry flocks may have important implications in the spread of both avian diseases and zoonoses of public health concern. Although the prevalence of small poultry flocks has increased in Alberta, Canada, in recent years, there is minimal demographic information available for these populations. To gain initial epidemiologic insight into this growing population and potential areas of risk, a survey was conducted to characterize the sector. Information on flock demographics and bird health, as well as production and biosecurity practices, were gathered and analyzed from 206 surveys, representing respondents from 43 counties. These results revealed great diversity of both owners and flocks, characterized by wide variations in flock sizes and composition. Laying hens were the most commonly reported type of bird (93.4%), followed by ducks and geese (35.3%), turkeys, (33.8%), and broiler chickens (33.1%). Notably, 58.1% of owners reported having more than one type of bird in their flock, with many owners never, or only sometimes, separating flocks based on species or purpose. Personal consumption (81.8%) and sale of eggs (48.2%) were the most frequently cited purposes for owning a flock. Our findings suggest that owners in Alberta are predominantly new to production; most (73.1%) have kept birds for less than 5 yr and 25.6% for less than 1 yr. Flock health parameters revealed inconsistent use of medical interventions, such as vaccinations, treatments, and veterinary consultation. Data on the sourcing, housing, and movement of birds, as well as movement of people and visitors, reveal substantial potential for contact to occur directly and indirectly between flocks and humans. Additionally, basic husbandry and biosecurity practices were found to be inconsistent and often inadequate, highlighting important gaps and opportunities to improve the health of Alberta's small poultry flocks and mitigate risks to public health. These quantitative and qualitative results provide a baseline characterization of the sector and identify risks and challenges that may serve to inform the development and delivery of future study and interventions.
28301248	6	13	Poultry	T012	C0032850
28301248	14	20	Flocks	T096	C1633987
28301248	24	31	Alberta	T083	C0001914
28301248	33	45	Demographics	T090	C0011298
28301248	64	76	distribution	T169	C1704711
28301248	133	141	backyard	T083	C0562731
28301248	144	151	poultry	T012	C0032850
28301248	152	158	flocks	T096	C1633987
28301248	213	227	avian diseases	T047	C0005591
28301248	232	240	zoonoses	T047	C0043528
28301248	244	265	public health concern	T091	C4277696
28301248	300	307	poultry	T012	C0032850
28301248	308	314	flocks	T096	C1633987
28301248	332	339	Alberta	T083	C0001914
28301248	341	347	Canada	T083	C0006823
28301248	383	406	demographic information	T170	C1717762
28301248	427	438	populations	T098	C1257890
28301248	456	469	epidemiologic	T169	C0014508
28301248	496	506	population	T098	C1257890
28301248	530	534	risk	T078	C0035647
28301248	538	544	survey	T170	C0038951
28301248	579	585	sector	T083	C1708237
28301248	602	607	flock	T096	C1633987
28301248	608	620	demographics	T062	C0011289
28301248	625	636	bird health	T078	C0018684
28301248	664	685	biosecurity practices	T061	C0679698
28301248	723	730	surveys	T170	C0038951
28301248	745	756	respondents	T098	C0282122
28301248	765	773	counties	T083	C0079170
28301248	804	813	diversity	T080	C1880371
28301248	822	828	owners	T098	C1704784
28301248	833	839	flocks	T096	C1633987
28301248	877	888	flock sizes	T102	C0237884
28301248	893	904	composition	UnknownType	C0679983
28301248	906	917	Laying hens	T012	C3669471
28301248	958	962	bird	T012	C0005595
28301248	984	989	ducks	T012	C0013268
28301248	994	999	geese	T012	C0017225
28301248	1009	1016	turkeys	T012	C0041401
28301248	1031	1047	broiler chickens	T012	C2698565
28301248	1075	1081	owners	T098	C1704784
28301248	1120	1124	bird	T012	C0005595
28301248	1134	1139	flock	T096	C1633987
28301248	1151	1157	owners	T098	C1704784
28301248	1195	1201	flocks	T096	C1633987
28301248	1231	1251	Personal consumption	T071	C2371622
28301248	1272	1276	eggs	T168	C0013710
28301248	1338	1343	flock	T096	C1633987
28301248	1371	1377	owners	T098	C1704784
28301248	1381	1388	Alberta	T083	C0001914
28301248	1414	1424	production	T057	C0033268
28301248	1449	1454	birds	T012	C0005595
28301248	1504	1509	Flock	T096	C1633987
28301248	1510	1516	health	T078	C0018684
28301248	1557	1578	medical interventions	T061	C3179131
28301248	1588	1600	vaccinations	T061	C0042196
28301248	1602	1612	treatments	T061	C0087111
28301248	1618	1641	veterinary consultation	T058	C0199268
28301248	1665	1672	housing	T073	C0020057
28301248	1678	1686	movement	T169	C1299988
28301248	1690	1695	birds	T012	C0005595
28301248	1708	1716	movement	T169	C1299988
28301248	1720	1726	people	T098	C0027361
28301248	1731	1739	visitors	T098	C1257890
28301248	1823	1829	flocks	T096	C1633987
28301248	1834	1840	humans	T016	C0086418
28301248	1862	1871	husbandry	T090	C0003052
28301248	1876	1897	biosecurity practices	T061	C0679698
28301248	1915	1927	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
28301248	1938	1948	inadequate	T080	C0205412
28301248	2011	2017	health	T078	C0018684
28301248	2021	2030	Alberta's	T083	C0001914
28301248	2037	2044	poultry	T012	C0032850
28301248	2045	2051	flocks	T096	C1633987
28301248	2074	2087	public health	T058	C0699943
28301248	2095	2107	quantitative	T081	C0034384
28301248	2112	2123	qualitative	T080	C0034375
28301248	2175	2181	sector	T083	C1708237
28301248	2195	2200	risks	T078	C0035647

28301284|t|Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guerin strains expressing mycobacterium antigens Ag85A, CFP10, ESAT-6, GM-CSF and IL-12p70
28301284|a|This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant bacille calmette-guerin (rBCG) strains expressing Ag85A (A), CFP10 (C), ESAT6 (E), IL-12p70 (I), and fusion protein GM-CSF (G). rBCGs were established by integrating of A, C, E, I, G, AE, CE, IE, GC, GE and GCE into Mycobacterium bovis BCG-1173 and BCG-SH. The macro- effects of rBCGs on mice were evaluated by phenotype and weight. The immunogenicity of rBCGs was analyzed by lgG, lgG1 and lgG2a antibody titers, and IFN-γ and IL-4 contents through Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Meanwhile, the proportions of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T splenic lymphocytes were determined using flow cytometry. The protective efficacy of rBCGs was evaluated by bacterial load in spleen and lung tissues from immunized mice. rBCGs exhibited no obvious side effects on mice. The antibody titers of lgG, lgG1 and lgG2a, proportion of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and concentrations of IFN-γ were found to be significantly higher in multiple - gene rBCGs than that in single-gene rBCGs (P < 0.05). Bacterial load in both spleen and lung tissues from mice infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv were significantly reduced by rBCGs. A significantly lower bacterial load was revealed in rBCG -1173:A compared with multiple - gene rBCGs (P < 0.05). Immunogenicity was better on multiple - gene rBCGs than on single-gene rBCGs, while excellent protective efficacy was exhibited on rBCG-1173:A and BCG-1173.
28301284	0	14	Immunogenicity	T062	C4054739
28301284	30	38	efficacy	T062	C1707887
28301284	42	53	recombinant	T001	C1514798
28301284	54	77	Bacille Calmette-Guerin	T007	C0085957
28301284	78	85	strains	T001	C0682518
28301284	97	110	mycobacterium	T007	C0026912
28301284	111	119	antigens	T129	C0003320
28301284	120	125	Ag85A	T116,T126,T129	C0675617
28301284	127	132	CFP10	T116,T123	C1506203
28301284	134	140	ESAT-6	T116,T129	C1744314
28301284	142	148	GM-CSF	T116,T129	C0079460
28301284	153	161	IL-12p70	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
28301284	167	172	study	T062	C2603343
28301284	173	178	aimed	T078	C1947946
28301284	182	190	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28301284	195	209	immunogenicity	T062	C4054739
28301284	225	233	efficacy	T062	C1707887
28301284	237	248	recombinant	T001	C1514798
28301284	249	272	bacille calmette-guerin	T007	C0085957
28301284	274	278	rBCG	T007	C0085957
28301284	280	287	strains	T001	C0682518
28301284	299	304	Ag85A	T116,T126,T129	C0675617
28301284	306	307	A	T116,T126,T129	C0675617
28301284	310	315	CFP10	T116,T123	C1506203
28301284	317	318	C	T116,T123	C1506203
28301284	321	326	ESAT6	T116,T129	C1744314
28301284	328	329	E	T116,T129	C1744314
28301284	332	340	IL-12p70	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
28301284	342	343	I	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
28301284	350	364	fusion protein	T116,T123	C0162768
28301284	365	371	GM-CSF	T116,T129	C0079460
28301284	373	374	G	T116,T129	C0079460
28301284	377	382	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	388	399	established	T080	C0443211
28301284	403	414	integrating	UnknownType	C0678673
28301284	418	419	A	T116,T126,T129	C0675617
28301284	421	422	C	T116,T123	C1506203
28301284	424	425	E	T116,T129	C1744314
28301284	427	428	I	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
28301284	430	431	G	T116,T129	C0079460
28301284	433	435	AE	T116,T129	C3181051
28301284	437	439	CE	T116,T123	C0162768
28301284	441	443	IE	T116,T123	C0162768
28301284	445	447	GC	T116,T123	C0162768
28301284	449	451	GE	T116,T123	C0162768
28301284	456	459	GCE	T116,T123	C0162768
28301284	465	493	Mycobacterium bovis BCG-1173	T007	C0085957
28301284	498	504	BCG-SH	T007	C0085957
28301284	517	524	effects	T080	C1280500
28301284	528	533	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	537	541	mice	T015	C0025929
28301284	547	556	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28301284	560	569	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28301284	574	580	weight	T081	C0043100
28301284	586	600	immunogenicity	T062	C4054739
28301284	604	609	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	626	629	lgG	T026	C2754943
28301284	631	635	lgG1	T026	C2754944
28301284	640	654	lgG2a antibody	T026	C2754946
28301284	655	661	titers	T081	C0475208
28301284	667	672	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28301284	677	681	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
28301284	682	690	contents	T077	C0456205
28301284	699	732	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28301284	734	739	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28301284	757	768	proportions	T081	C1709707
28301284	772	778	CD4(+)	T025	C0039215
28301284	783	811	CD8(+) T splenic lymphocytes	T025	C0242629
28301284	834	848	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28301284	865	873	efficacy	T062	C1707887
28301284	877	882	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	887	896	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28301284	900	914	bacterial load	T081	C2936404
28301284	918	924	spleen	T024	C0771377
28301284	929	941	lung tissues	T024	C0819757
28301284	957	961	mice	T015	C0025929
28301284	963	968	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	990	1002	side effects	T046	C0879626
28301284	1006	1010	mice	T015	C0025929
28301284	1016	1024	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28301284	1025	1031	titers	T081	C0475208
28301284	1035	1038	lgG	T026	C2754943
28301284	1040	1044	lgG1	T026	C2754944
28301284	1049	1054	lgG2a	T026	C2754946
28301284	1056	1066	proportion	T081	C1709707
28301284	1070	1076	CD4(+)	T025	C0039215
28301284	1081	1095	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
28301284	1101	1115	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28301284	1119	1124	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28301284	1142	1162	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28301284	1166	1174	multiple	T081	C0439064
28301284	1177	1181	gene	T028	C0017337
28301284	1182	1187	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	1201	1212	single-gene	T028	C0017337
28301284	1213	1218	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	1231	1245	Bacterial load	T081	C2936404
28301284	1254	1260	spleen	T024	C0771377
28301284	1265	1277	lung tissues	T024	C0819757
28301284	1283	1287	mice	T015	C0025929
28301284	1288	1296	infected	T033	C0439663
28301284	1302	1323	M. tuberculosis H37Rv	T007	C1449831
28301284	1329	1350	significantly reduced	T081	C4055638
28301284	1354	1359	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	1363	1382	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28301284	1383	1397	bacterial load	T081	C2936404
28301284	1402	1410	revealed	T080	C0443289
28301284	1414	1418	rBCG	T007	C0085957
28301284	1427	1435	compared	T052	C1707455
28301284	1441	1449	multiple	T081	C0439064
28301284	1452	1456	gene	T028	C0017337
28301284	1457	1462	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	1475	1489	Immunogenicity	T062	C4054739
28301284	1504	1512	multiple	T081	C0439064
28301284	1515	1519	gene	T028	C0017337
28301284	1520	1525	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	1534	1545	single-gene	T028	C0017337
28301284	1546	1551	rBCGs	T007	C0085957
28301284	1580	1588	efficacy	T062	C1707887
28301284	1606	1617	rBCG-1173:A	T007	C0085957
28301284	1622	1630	BCG-1173	T007	C0085957

28301509|t|Genome-wide association mapping in winter barley for grain yield and culm cell wall polymer content using the high-throughput CoMPP technique
28301509|a|A collection of 112 winter barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) was grown in the field for two years (2008/09 and 2009/10) in northern Italy and grain and straw yields recorded. In the first year of the trial, a severe attack of barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) strongly influenced final performances with an average reduction of ~ 50% for grain and straw harvested in comparison to the second year. The genetic determination (GD) for grain yield was 0.49 and 0.70, for the two years respectively, and for straw yield GD was low in 2009 (0.09) and higher in 2010 (0.29). Cell wall polymers in culms were quantified by means of the monoclonal antibodies LM6, LM11, JIM13 and BS-400-3 and the carbohydrate-binding module CBM3a using the high-throughput CoMPP technique. Of these, LM6, which detects arabinan components, showed a relatively high GD in both years and a significantly negative correlation with grain yield (GYLD). Overall, heritability (H2) was calculated for GYLD, LM6 and JIM and resulted to be 0.42, 0.32 and 0.20, respectively. A total of 4,976 SNPs from the 9K iSelect array were used in the study for the analysis of population structure, linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genome-wide association study (GWAS). Marker-trait associations (MTA) were analyzed for grain yield and cell wall determination by LM6 and JIM13 as these were the traits showing significant correlations between the years. A single QTL for GYLD containing three MTAs was found on chromosome 3H located close to the Hv-eIF4E gene, which is known to regulate resistance to BaYMV. Subsequently the QTL was shown to be tightly linked to rym4, a locus for resistance to the virus. GWAs on arabinans quantified by LM6 resulted in the identification of major QTLs closely located on 3H and hypotheses regarding putative candidate genes were formulated through the study of gene expression levels based on bioinformatics tools.
28301509	0	31	Genome-wide association mapping	T063	C2350277
28301509	35	48	winter barley	T002	C0004755
28301509	53	58	grain	T002	C0086369
28301509	59	64	yield	T081	C0392762
28301509	69	73	culm	T002	C0242767
28301509	74	83	cell wall	T026	C0007623
28301509	84	91	polymer	UnknownType	C0683005
28301509	92	99	content	T081	C1264655
28301509	126	141	CoMPP technique	T059	C0022885
28301509	144	154	collection	T169	C1516698
28301509	162	185	winter barley varieties	T002	C0004755
28301509	187	205	Hordeum vulgare L.	T002	C0331554
28301509	211	216	grown	T040	C0597252
28301509	224	229	field	T082	C1254362
28301509	238	243	years	T079	C0439234
28301509	269	277	northern	T082	C1709269
28301509	278	283	Italy	T083	C0022277
28301509	288	293	grain	T002	C0086369
28301509	298	303	straw	T109	C4047917
28301509	304	310	yields	T081	C0392762
28301509	334	338	year	T079	C0439234
28301509	372	398	barley yellow mosaic virus	T005	C1000417
28301509	400	405	BaYMV	T005	C1000417
28301509	416	426	influenced	T077	C4054723
28301509	433	445	performances	T052	C1882330
28301509	454	461	average	T081	C1510992
28301509	462	471	reduction	T080	C0392756
28301509	485	490	grain	T002	C0086369
28301509	495	500	straw	T109	C4047917
28301509	501	510	harvested	T169	C0205245
28301509	514	524	comparison	T052	C1707455
28301509	532	538	second	T081	C0205436
28301509	539	543	year	T079	C0439234
28301509	549	570	genetic determination	T059	C1285573
28301509	572	574	GD	T059	C1285573
28301509	580	585	grain	T002	C0086369
28301509	586	591	yield	T081	C0392762
28301509	623	628	years	T079	C0439234
28301509	651	656	straw	T109	C4047917
28301509	657	662	yield	T081	C0392762
28301509	663	665	GD	T059	C1285573
28301509	716	725	Cell wall	T026	C0007623
28301509	726	734	polymers	UnknownType	C0683005
28301509	738	743	culms	T002	C0242767
28301509	738	743	culms	T002	C0242767
28301509	749	759	quantified	T081	C1709793
28301509	776	797	monoclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0003250
28301509	798	801	LM6	T129	C1449622
28301509	803	807	LM11	T129	C1449622
28301509	809	814	JIM13	T129	C1449622
28301509	819	827	BS-400-3	T129	C1449622
28301509	836	869	carbohydrate-binding module CBM3a	T129	C1449622
28301509	896	911	CoMPP technique	T059	C0022885
28301509	923	926	LM6	T129	C1449622
28301509	934	941	detects	T033	C0442726
28301509	942	950	arabinan	T109	C0052274
28301509	951	961	components	T077	C1705248
28301509	988	990	GD	T059	C1285573
28301509	999	1004	years	T079	C0439234
28301509	1011	1024	significantly	T078	C0750502
28301509	1025	1033	negative	T033	C0205160
28301509	1034	1045	correlation	T080	C1707520
28301509	1051	1056	grain	T002	C0086369
28301509	1057	1062	yield	T081	C0392762
28301509	1064	1068	GYLD	T081	C0392762
28301509	1080	1092	heritability	T081	C0392762
28301509	1094	1096	H2	T081	C0392762
28301509	1102	1112	calculated	T052	C1441506
28301509	1117	1121	GYLD	T081	C0392762
28301509	1123	1126	LM6	T129	C1449622
28301509	1131	1134	JIM	T129	C1449622
28301509	1191	1196	total	T080	C0439810
28301509	1206	1210	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28301509	1254	1259	study	T062	C2603343
28301509	1280	1300	population structure	T090	C0597254
28301509	1302	1324	linkage disequilibrium	T081	C0023746
28301509	1326	1328	LD	T081	C0023746
28301509	1334	1363	genome-wide association study	T063	C2350277
28301509	1365	1369	GWAS	T063	C2350277
28301509	1372	1397	Marker-trait associations	T090	C1328885
28301509	1399	1402	MTA	T090	C1328885
28301509	1422	1427	grain	T002	C0086369
28301509	1428	1433	yield	T081	C0392762
28301509	1438	1447	cell wall	T026	C0007623
28301509	1465	1468	LM6	T129	C1449622
28301509	1473	1478	JIM13	T129	C1449622
28301509	1512	1523	significant	T078	C0750502
28301509	1524	1536	correlations	T080	C1707520
28301509	1549	1554	years	T079	C0439234
28301509	1558	1568	single QTL	T028	C0597336
28301509	1573	1577	GYLD	T081	C0392762
28301509	1595	1599	MTAs	T090	C1328885
28301509	1613	1626	chromosome 3H	T026	C0008633
28301509	1648	1661	Hv-eIF4E gene	T028	C1414351
28301509	1690	1700	resistance	T169	C4281815
28301509	1704	1709	BaYMV	T005	C1000417
28301509	1728	1731	QTL	T028	C0597336
28301509	1766	1770	rym4	T028	C0017337
28301509	1774	1779	locus	T082	C1708726
28301509	1784	1794	resistance	T169	C4281815
28301509	1802	1807	virus	T005	C0042776
28301509	1809	1813	GWAs	T063	C2350277
28301509	1817	1826	arabinans	T109	C0052274
28301509	1827	1837	quantified	T081	C1709793
28301509	1841	1844	LM6	T129	C1449622
28301509	1861	1875	identification	T080	C0205396
28301509	1879	1884	major	T080	C0205164
28301509	1885	1889	QTLs	T028	C0597336
28301509	1909	1911	3H	T026	C0008633
28301509	1937	1961	putative candidate genes	T028	C0017337
28301509	1990	1995	study	T062	C2603343
28301509	1999	2014	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28301509	2015	2021	levels	T081	C3244092
28301509	2031	2045	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694

28301539|t|Identifying inequities in maternal and child health through risk stratification to inform health systems strengthening in Northern Togo
28301539|a|In Togo, substantial progress in maternal and child health is needed to reach global development goals. To better inform clinic and community-based health services, this study identifies factors associated with maternal and child health care utilization in the Kara region of Northern Togo. We conducted a population -representative household survey of four health clinic catchment areas of 1,075 women of reproductive age in 2015. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model individual and structural factors associated with utilization of four maternal and child health services. Key outcomes were: facility-based delivery, maternal postnatal health check by a health professional within the first six weeks of birth, childhood vaccination, and receipt of malaria medication for febrile children under age five within 72 hours of symptom onset. 83 percent of women who gave birth in the last 2 years delivered at a health facility. In adjusted models, the strongest predictor of facility delivery in the rural catchment areas was proximity to a health center, with women living under three kilometers having 3.7 (95% CI 1.7, 7.9) times the odds of a facility birth. Only 11 percent of women received a health check by a health provider at any time in the postnatal period. Postnatal health checks were less likely for women in the poorest household s and for women who resided in rural areas. Children of polygamous mothers had half the odds of receiving malaria medication for fever within 72 hours of symptom onset, while children with increased household wealth status had increased odds of childhood vaccination and receiving treatment for malaria. Our analysis highlights the importance of risk stratification analysis to inform the delivery and scope of maternal and child health programs needed to reach those with the least access to care.
28301539	26	51	maternal and child health	T091	C4035700
28301539	60	79	risk stratification	T062	C1514983
28301539	90	104	health systems	T064	C1456613
28301539	122	135	Northern Togo	T083	C0040363
28301539	139	143	Togo	T083	C0040363
28301539	169	194	maternal and child health	T091	C4035700
28301539	257	263	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28301539	268	299	community-based health services	T058	C0009472
28301539	331	346	associated with	T080	C0332281
28301539	347	377	maternal and child health care	T091	C4035700
28301539	397	408	Kara region	UnknownType	C0681784
28301539	412	425	Northern Togo	T083	C0040363
28301539	442	452	population	T098	C1257890
28301539	469	485	household survey	T062	C0681859
28301539	494	523	health clinic catchment areas	T083	C0007403
28301539	533	538	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	533	538	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	542	558	reproductive age	T079	C0035156
28301539	568	601	Multivariable logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28301539	654	669	associated with	T080	C0332281
28301539	690	724	maternal and child health services	T058	C0024928
28301539	745	768	facility-based delivery	T073,T093	C3887776
28301539	770	801	maternal postnatal health check	T061	C0587037
28301539	807	826	health professional	T097	C1704312
28301539	857	862	birth	T040	C0005615
28301539	864	873	childhood	T079	C0231335
28301539	874	885	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28301539	902	909	malaria	T047	C0024530
28301539	910	920	medication	T121	C0013227
28301539	925	932	febrile	T184	C0015967
28301539	933	941	children	T100	C0008059
28301539	976	989	symptom onset	T079	C4086878
28301539	1005	1010	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	1005	1010	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	1020	1025	birth	T040	C0005615
28301539	1061	1076	health facility	T073,T093	C0018704
28301539	1081	1096	adjusted models	T170	C3161035
28301539	1112	1121	predictor	T078	C2698872
28301539	1125	1142	facility delivery	T073,T093	C3887776
28301539	1150	1171	rural catchment areas	T083	C0007403
28301539	1176	1185	proximity	T082	C1514583
28301539	1191	1204	health center	T073,T093	C0475309
28301539	1211	1216	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	1211	1216	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	1217	1223	living	T082	C0337646
28301539	1296	1310	facility birth	T073,T093	C3887776
28301539	1331	1336	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	1331	1336	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	1348	1360	health check	T061	C2973270
28301539	1366	1381	health provider	T097	C0018724
28301539	1401	1410	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28301539	1419	1428	Postnatal	T079	C0443281
28301539	1429	1442	health checks	T061	C2973270
28301539	1464	1469	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	1464	1469	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	1477	1484	poorest	T102	C0032854
28301539	1485	1494	household	T099	C0020052
28301539	1485	1496	household s	T099	C0020052
28301539	1505	1510	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	1505	1510	women	T098	C0043210
28301539	1515	1522	resided	T052	C2982691
28301539	1526	1537	rural areas	T082	C0178837
28301539	1539	1547	Children	T100	C0008059
28301539	1551	1569	polygamous mothers	T033	C1551028
28301539	1601	1608	malaria	T047	C0024530
28301539	1609	1619	medication	T121	C0013227
28301539	1649	1662	symptom onset	T079	C4086878
28301539	1670	1678	children	T100	C0008059
28301539	1694	1703	household	T099	C0020052
28301539	1704	1717	wealth status	T080	C0205556
28301539	1740	1761	childhood vaccination	T061	C0042196
28301539	1776	1785	treatment	T061	C0087111
28301539	1790	1797	malaria	T047	C0024530
28301539	1846	1869	stratification analysis	T062	C1514983
28301539	1884	1892	delivery	T040	C0005615
28301539	1897	1902	scope	T077	C1710028
28301539	1906	1940	maternal and child health programs	T058	C0679897
28301539	1988	1992	care	T058	C0086388

28301911|t|The Prevalence and Clinical Relevance of ASA Nonresponse After Cardiac Surgery
28301911|a|We aimed to identify the prevalence of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) nonresponse in patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and the possible consequences for the rate of major cardiovascular events. This prospective, observational, bicentric cohort study was conducted in two German University hospitals. A total of 400 patients (200 in each study center) undergoing elective CABG surgery were enrolled after written informed consent. Platelet function was analyzed on day 3 (d3) and day 5 (d5) postoperatively following stimulation with arachidonic acid (ASPItest) and with thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 (TRAPtest) using multiple electrode aggregometry (Multiplate). Individuals with an ASPItest ≥40 AU·min were categorized as ASA nonresponders. A 1-year follow-up recorded the combined end point of cardiovascular events, hospital admissions, or deaths related to cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of ASA nonresponse was 51.5% on d3, and it significantly increased to 71.3% on d5 (P = .0049). The area under the aggregation curve in the TRAPtest (P < .0001), the platelet count on d5 (P = .009), and the cardiopulmonary bypass time (P = .01) were identified as independent predictors of an ASA nonresponse. A 1-year follow-up recorded 54 events fulfilling criteria for the combined end point with no difference between ASA responders and nonresponders. This study indicates a high incidence of perioperative ASA nonresponse in patients following CABG. No effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events was recorded in the 1-year follow-up. Therefore, a randomized dosage adjustment trial should elucidate whether a tailored ASA treatment after CABG surgery represents a useful concept.
28301911	4	14	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
28301911	19	27	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28301911	28	37	Relevance	T080	C2347946
28301911	41	44	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28301911	45	56	Nonresponse	T033	C4282382
28301911	63	78	Cardiac Surgery	T061	C0018821
28301911	104	114	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28301911	118	138	acetylsalicylic acid	T109,T121	C0004057
28301911	140	143	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28301911	145	156	nonresponse	T033	C4282382
28301911	160	168	patients	T101	C0030705
28301911	175	218	coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery	T061	C0010055
28301911	236	248	consequences	T169	C0686907
28301911	271	292	cardiovascular events	T033	C1320716
28301911	299	310	prospective	T062	C0033522
28301911	312	325	observational	T062	C1518527
28301911	327	349	bicentric cohort study	T081	C0009247
28301911	371	398	German University hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28301911	415	423	patients	T101	C0030705
28301911	462	470	elective	T061	C0206058
28301911	471	483	CABG surgery	T061	C0010055
28301911	530	547	Platelet function	T043	C1254881
28301911	590	605	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28301911	633	649	arachidonic acid	T109	C0003695
28301911	651	659	ASPItest	T059	C0032184
28301911	670	708	thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6	T116	C0219419
28301911	710	718	TRAPtest	T059	C0032184
28301911	726	757	multiple electrode aggregometry	T059	C0032184
28301911	759	769	Multiplate	T059	C0032184
28301911	792	800	ASPItest	T059	C0032184
28301911	832	835	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28301911	836	849	nonresponders	T033	C0919875
28301911	860	869	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28301911	905	926	cardiovascular events	T033	C1320716
28301911	928	947	hospital admissions	T058	C0184666
28301911	952	958	deaths	T033	C1306577
28301911	970	992	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28301911	998	1008	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28301911	1012	1015	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28301911	1016	1027	nonresponse	T033	C4282382
28301911	1052	1065	significantly	T078	C0750502
28301911	1066	1075	increased	T081	C0205217
28301911	1123	1140	aggregation curve	T059	C3828533
28301911	1148	1156	TRAPtest	T059	C0032184
28301911	1174	1188	platelet count	T059	C0032181
28301911	1215	1242	cardiopulmonary bypass time	T033	C0429123
28301911	1301	1304	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28301911	1305	1316	nonresponse	T033	C4282382
28301911	1327	1336	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28301911	1393	1402	end point	T080	C2349179
28301911	1430	1433	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28301911	1434	1444	responders	T033	C0919876
28301911	1449	1462	nonresponders	T033	C0919875
28301911	1469	1474	study	T062	C0008972
28301911	1505	1518	perioperative	T079	C1518988
28301911	1519	1522	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28301911	1523	1534	nonresponse	T033	C4282382
28301911	1538	1546	patients	T101	C0030705
28301911	1557	1561	CABG	T061	C0010055
28301911	1593	1614	cardiovascular events	T033	C1320716
28301911	1642	1651	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28301911	1666	1700	randomized dosage adjustment trial	T062,T170	C0206034
28301911	1737	1740	ASA	T109,T121	C0004057
28301911	1741	1750	treatment	T061	C1533734
28301911	1757	1769	CABG surgery	T061	C0010055

28302782|t|Genome Sequences of Mycobacteriophages Jane and Sneeze, New Members of Cluster G
28302782|a|Jane and Sneeze are newly isolated phages of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155 from Hillsborough, NJ, and Palo Verde, Costa Rica, respectively. Both are cluster G, subcluster G1 mycobacteriophages. Notable nucleotide differences exist between genomes in the right half, including the presence of mycobacteriophage mobile element 1 (MPME1) in Jane.
28302782	0	16	Genome Sequences	T085	C2348746
28302782	20	54	Mycobacteriophages Jane and Sneeze	T005	C0026911
28302782	107	115	isolated	T169	C0205409
28302782	116	122	phages	T005	C0004651
28302782	126	158	Mycobacterium smegmatis mc(2)155	T007	C0317761
28302782	164	176	Hillsborough	T083	C3812217
28302782	178	180	NJ	T083	C0027971
28302782	186	196	Palo Verde	T083	C0017446
28302782	198	208	Costa Rica	T083	C0010182
28302782	258	276	mycobacteriophages	T005	C0026911
28302782	286	296	nucleotide	T114	C0028630
28302782	297	308	differences	T080	C1705242
28302782	323	330	genomes	T028	C0017428
28302782	376	393	mycobacteriophage	T005	C0026911
28302782	394	410	mobile element 1	T114,T123	C1257903

28303067|t|Intraspinal meningioma with malignant transformation and distant metastasis
28303067|a|Meningioma is typically considered to be a benign tumor. Malignant transformation and metastasis of meningiomas are rare. Moreover, most meningiomas are intracranial, and there are few reports on intraspinal meningiomas. This report aimed to describe the clinical features and pathological findings of a case of malignant transformation and distant metastasis of intraspinal meningioma, with a review of the literature. A 44-year-old man with a bilateral lower limb paresis was diagnosed with an intradural extramedullary tumor of the thoracic spine. Primary tumor resection was performed, and the histological findings revealed atypical meningioma. The meningioma recurred 2 years after the primary surgery, and a second resection was performed, but only partial resection was possible because of decreased motor evoked potential. At age 48, the patient's lower limb weakness returned, and a third resection was performed, and the histological finding remained atypical meningioma. At age 54, the tumor increased and stereotactic irradiation was performed. At age 60, the patient was diagnosed with metastatic tumors of the rib, lumbar vertebra, cervical spine, and sacrum. Biopsy of the rib metastatic tumor was performed, and the histological findings revealed anaplastic meningioma. This case is the first report of an intraspinal meningioma that transformed from atypical to anaplastic meningioma with distant hematogenous metastasis.
28303067	0	22	Intraspinal meningioma	T191	C1334264
28303067	28	52	malignant transformation	T191	C1608408
28303067	57	75	distant metastasis	T185	C1269798
28303067	76	86	Meningioma	T191	C0025286
28303067	119	131	benign tumor	T191	C0086692
28303067	133	157	Malignant transformation	T191	C1608408
28303067	162	172	metastasis	T191	C0027627
28303067	176	187	meningiomas	T191	C0025286
28303067	192	196	rare	T080	C0522498
28303067	213	224	meningiomas	T191	C0025286
28303067	229	241	intracranial	T029	C0524466
28303067	261	268	reports	T170	C0684224
28303067	272	295	intraspinal meningiomas	T191	C1334264
28303067	302	308	report	T170	C0684224
28303067	331	348	clinical features	T201	C0683325
28303067	353	365	pathological	T169	C1521733
28303067	366	374	findings	T033	C0243095
28303067	380	384	case	T077	C1706256
28303067	388	412	malignant transformation	T191	C1608408
28303067	417	435	distant metastasis	T185	C1269798
28303067	439	461	intraspinal meningioma	T191	C1334264
28303067	470	479	review of	T169	C0699752
28303067	484	494	literature	T170	C0023866
28303067	510	513	man	T098	C0025266
28303067	521	530	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28303067	531	549	lower limb paresis	T184	C1836296
28303067	554	563	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28303067	572	625	intradural extramedullary tumor of the thoracic spine	T191	C1334255
28303067	627	634	Primary	T080	C0205225
28303067	635	650	tumor resection	T061	C0472422
28303067	655	664	performed	T169	C0884358
28303067	674	695	histological findings	T033	C0449575
28303067	705	724	atypical meningioma	T191	C0431122
28303067	730	740	meningioma	T191	C0025286
28303067	741	749	recurred	T067	C0034897
28303067	752	757	years	T079	C0439234
28303067	768	775	primary	T080	C0205225
28303067	776	783	surgery	T061	C0543467
28303067	791	797	second	T081	C0205436
28303067	798	807	resection	T061	C0728940
28303067	812	821	performed	T169	C0884358
28303067	832	839	partial	T081	C0728938
28303067	840	849	resection	T061	C0728940
28303067	874	883	decreased	T081	C0205216
28303067	884	906	motor evoked potential	T042	C0282617
28303067	911	914	age	T032	C0001779
28303067	923	932	patient's	T101	C0030705
28303067	933	952	lower limb weakness	T184	C1836296
28303067	953	961	returned	T067	C0034897
28303067	969	974	third	T081	C0205437
28303067	975	984	resection	T061	C0728940
28303067	989	998	performed	T169	C0884358
28303067	1008	1028	histological finding	T033	C0449575
28303067	1038	1057	atypical meningioma	T191	C0431122
28303067	1062	1065	age	T032	C0001779
28303067	1074	1079	tumor	T191	C0027651
28303067	1080	1089	increased	T081	C0205217
28303067	1094	1118	stereotactic irradiation	T061	C0085203
28303067	1123	1132	performed	T169	C0884358
28303067	1137	1140	age	T032	C0001779
28303067	1149	1156	patient	T101	C0030705
28303067	1161	1170	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28303067	1176	1193	metastatic tumors	T191	C0027627
28303067	1201	1204	rib	T023	C0035561
28303067	1206	1221	lumbar vertebra	T023	C0024091
28303067	1223	1237	cervical spine	T023	C0728985
28303067	1243	1249	sacrum	T023	C0036037
28303067	1251	1257	Biopsy	T060	C0005558
28303067	1265	1268	rib	T023	C0035561
28303067	1269	1285	metastatic tumor	T191	C2939420
28303067	1290	1299	performed	T169	C0884358
28303067	1309	1330	histological findings	T033	C0449575
28303067	1340	1361	anaplastic meningioma	T191	C0259785
28303067	1368	1372	case	T077	C1706256
28303067	1386	1392	report	T170	C0684224
28303067	1399	1421	intraspinal meningioma	T191	C1334264
28303067	1427	1438	transformed	T191	C1608408
28303067	1444	1452	atypical	T191	C0431122
28303067	1456	1477	anaplastic meningioma	T191	C0259785
28303067	1483	1514	distant hematogenous metastasis	T185	C1269798
28303067	1491	1503	hematogenous	T033	C0796572

28303341|t|Epidemiology and risk factors associated with surgical site infection after different types of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery
28303341|a|Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs); however, SSI after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery (HBPS) has not been well investigated in a large cohort of patients. This study analyzed the factors associated with SSI following HBPS in Japan, using a Japanese national database. Data on HBPS performed between 2012 and 2014 were extracted from a national monitoring system for HAI: The Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance. Using multivariate logistic regression, I assessed the factors associated with SSI. The cumulative incidence of SSI following HBPS was 15.6% (2873/18,398). The incidence of SSI after pancreatoduodenectomy was 28.0%, which was significantly higher than that after liver resection and other types of HBPS (8.8 and 15.5%, respectively). Among the four traditional risk factors, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score was ineffective for predicting SSI in the final model of all three types of surgery. Additional risk factors were identified, including age and male gender. The incidence of and factors associated with SSI after the three types of HBPS analyzed differed significantly. To accurately compare hospital performance in relation to SSI following HBPS, the operative procedure category in the surveillance system must be divided into three types.
28303341	0	12	Epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28303341	17	29	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28303341	30	45	associated with	T080	C0332281
28303341	46	69	surgical site infection	T046	C0038941
28303341	86	91	types	T080	C0332307
28303341	95	131	hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery	T091	C1319408
28303341	132	155	Surgical site infection	T046	C0038941
28303341	157	160	SSI	T046	C0038941
28303341	188	220	healthcare-associated infections	T046	C0010356
28303341	222	226	HAIs	T046	C0010356
28303341	238	241	SSI	T046	C0038941
28303341	248	284	hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery	T091	C1319408
28303341	286	290	HBPS	T091	C1319408
28303341	310	322	investigated	T169	C1292732
28303341	328	333	large	T081	C0549177
28303341	334	340	cohort	T098	C0599755
28303341	344	352	patients	T101	C0030705
28303341	378	385	factors	T169	C1521761
28303341	386	401	associated with	T080	C0332281
28303341	402	405	SSI	T046	C0038941
28303341	416	420	HBPS	T091	C1319408
28303341	424	429	Japan	T083	C0022341
28303341	439	465	Japanese national database	T170	C0242356
28303341	467	471	Data	T078	C1511726
28303341	475	479	HBPS	T091	C1319408
28303341	480	489	performed	T169	C0884358
28303341	517	526	extracted	T062	C1707635
28303341	534	560	national monitoring system	T170	C0282574
28303341	565	568	HAI	T046	C0010356
28303341	574	614	Japan Nosocomial Infections Surveillance	T061	C0419786
28303341	622	654	multivariate logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28303341	658	666	assessed	T052	C1516048
28303341	671	678	factors	T169	C1521761
28303341	679	694	associated with	T080	C0332281
28303341	695	698	SSI	T046	C0038941
28303341	704	714	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28303341	715	724	incidence	T081	C0021149
28303341	728	731	SSI	T046	C0038941
28303341	742	746	HBPS	T091	C1319408
28303341	776	785	incidence	T081	C0021149
28303341	789	792	SSI	T046	C0038941
28303341	799	820	pancreatoduodenectomy	T061	C0085162
28303341	842	862	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28303341	879	894	liver resection	T061	C0019144
28303341	905	910	types	T080	C0332307
28303341	914	918	HBPS	T091	C1319408
28303341	965	976	traditional	T169	C0443324
28303341	977	989	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28303341	995	1032	American Society of Anesthesiologists	T094	C2346733
28303341	1033	1038	score	T081	C0449820
28303341	1043	1054	ineffective	T078	C3242229
28303341	1059	1069	predicting	T078	C0681842
28303341	1070	1073	SSI	T046	C0038941
28303341	1087	1092	model	T170	C3161035
28303341	1106	1111	types	T080	C0332307
28303341	1115	1122	surgery	T061	C0543467
28303341	1135	1147	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28303341	1153	1163	identified	T080	C0205396
28303341	1175	1178	age	T032	C0001779
28303341	1183	1194	male gender	T032	C0086582
28303341	1200	1209	incidence	T081	C0021149
28303341	1217	1224	factors	T169	C1521761
28303341	1225	1240	associated with	T080	C0332281
28303341	1241	1244	SSI	T046	C0038941
28303341	1261	1266	types	T080	C0332307
28303341	1270	1274	HBPS	T091	C1319408
28303341	1311	1321	accurately	T080	C0443131
28303341	1322	1329	compare	T052	C1707455
28303341	1330	1338	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28303341	1339	1350	performance	T080	C0871017
28303341	1354	1362	relation	T080	C0439849
28303341	1366	1369	SSI	T046	C0038941
28303341	1380	1384	HBPS	T091	C1319408
28303341	1390	1409	operative procedure	T061	C0543467
28303341	1410	1418	category	T170	C0683312
28303341	1426	1445	surveillance system	T058	C1254363
28303341	1454	1461	divided	T169	C0332849
28303341	1473	1478	types	T080	C0332307

28303942|t|Signature of an aggregation - prone conformation of tau
28303942|a|The self-assembly of the microtubule associated tau protein into fibrillar cell inclusions is linked to a number of devastating neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as tauopathies. The mechanism by which tau self-assembles into pathological entities is a matter of much debate, largely due to the lack of direct experimental insights into the earliest stages of aggregation. We present pulsed double electron-electron resonance measurements of two key fibril - forming regions of tau, PHF6 and PHF6*, in transient as aggregation happens. By monitoring the end-to-end distance distribution of these segments as a function of aggregation time, we show that the PHF6((*)) regions dramatically extend to distances commensurate with extended β-strand structures within the earliest stages of aggregation, well before fibril formation. Combined with simulations, our experiments show that the extended β-strand conformational state of PHF6((*)) is readily populated under aggregating conditions, constituting a defining signature of aggregation - prone tau, and as such, a possible target for therapeutic interventions.
28303942	0	9	Signature	T087	C1514562
28303942	16	27	aggregation	T169	C0332621
28303942	30	35	prone	T082	C0033422
28303942	52	55	tau	T116,T123	C0085401
28303942	60	73	self-assembly	T044	C0872376
28303942	81	92	microtubule	T026	C0026046
28303942	93	103	associated	T080	C0332281
28303942	104	115	tau protein	T116,T123	C0085401
28303942	121	146	fibrillar cell inclusions	T026	C0230674
28303942	150	156	linked	T082	C0449379
28303942	162	168	number	T081	C0237753
28303942	184	211	neurodegenerative disorders	T047	C0524851
28303942	234	245	tauopathies	T047	C0949664
28303942	251	260	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28303942	270	273	tau	T116,T123	C0085401
28303942	274	288	self-assembles	T044	C0872376
28303942	294	306	pathological	T169	C1521733
28303942	307	315	entities	T071	C1551338
28303942	336	342	debate	T052	C0870392
28303942	344	351	largely	T081	C0549177
28303942	352	358	due to	T169	C0678226
28303942	371	377	direct	T080	C1947931
28303942	378	390	experimental	T080	C1517586
28303942	391	399	insights	T041	C0233820
28303942	409	424	earliest stages	T079	C2363430
28303942	428	439	aggregation	T169	C0332621
28303942	452	493	pulsed double electron-electron resonance	T059	C0022885
28303942	494	506	measurements	T169	C0242485
28303942	518	524	fibril	T026	C0225328
28303942	527	534	forming	T169	C1522492
28303942	535	542	regions	T082	C0205147
28303942	546	549	tau	T116,T123	C0085401
28303942	551	555	PHF6	T116,T123	C1608562
28303942	560	565	PHF6*	T116,T123	C0033684
28303942	570	579	transient	T079	C0205374
28303942	583	594	aggregation	T169	C0332621
28303942	622	641	end-to-end distance	T081	C0012751
28303942	642	654	distribution	T169	C1704711
28303942	678	686	function	T169	C0542341
28303942	690	701	aggregation	T169	C0332621
28303942	702	706	time	T079	C0040223
28303942	725	734	PHF6((*))	T116,T123	C0033684
28303942	735	742	regions	T082	C0205147
28303942	756	762	extend	T169	C0231448
28303942	766	775	distances	T081	C0012751
28303942	776	788	commensurate	T080	C0205163
28303942	794	802	extended	T082	C0231449
28303942	803	822	β-strand structures	T082	C0600383
28303942	834	849	earliest stages	T079	C2363430
28303942	853	864	aggregation	T169	C0332621
28303942	878	884	fibril	T026	C0225328
28303942	885	894	formation	T169	C1522492
28303942	896	904	Combined	T080	C0205195
28303942	910	921	simulations	T062	C0679083
28303942	927	938	experiments	T062	C0681814
28303942	953	961	extended	T082	C0231449
28303942	962	985	β-strand conformational	T082	C0600383
28303942	986	991	state	T169	C1442792
28303942	995	1004	PHF6((*))	T116,T123	C0033684
28303942	1032	1043	aggregating	T169	C0332621
28303942	1044	1054	conditions	T080	C0348080
28303942	1080	1089	signature	T087	C1514562
28303942	1093	1104	aggregation	T169	C0332621
28303942	1107	1112	prone	T082	C0033422
28303942	1113	1116	tau	T116,T123	C0085401
28303942	1142	1148	target	T169	C1521840
28303942	1153	1178	therapeutic interventions	T061	C0808232

28304102|t|Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Certain 7-Chloro-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline Derivatives as VEGFR-II Inhibitors
28304102|a|Signaling pathway inhibition of VEGFR-II is visualized as valuable tool in cancer management. In the current study, the synthesis of novel 1-4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(N-substituted-amino)-ethanone derivatives (4a-t) was achieved through the amination of 2-chloro-1-(4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (3) with different secondary amines. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by IR, (1) H-NMR, (13) C-NMR, HRMS, and microanalysis. Compounds 4a-t were subjected to in vitro anticancer screening against human breast cancer (MCF-7) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines. The highest cytotoxicty against both cell lines was displayed by 2-(4-(4-bromobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-(4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (4q), with IC50 values of 6.502 and 11.751 μM against MCF-7 and PC3 cells, respectively, compared with the standard drug doxorubicin (MCF-7: 6.774 μM, PC3: 7.7316 μM). Due to its notable activity toward MCF-7 cells, 4q was further evaluated as VEGFR-II inhibitor, showing an IC50 of 1.38 μM compared to sorafenib (0.33 μM). The docking study proved that 4q has a binding mode akin to that of VEGFR-II inhibitors.
28304102	0	6	Design	T052	C1707689
28304102	8	17	Synthesis	T070	C0007987
28304102	23	32	Cytotoxic	T049	C0596402
28304102	33	43	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28304102	55	91	7-Chloro-4-(piperazin-1-yl)quinoline	T109	C0034424
28304102	92	103	Derivatives	T104	C0243072
28304102	107	115	VEGFR-II	T116,T192	C0378796
28304102	116	126	Inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28304102	127	144	Signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28304102	145	155	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28304102	159	167	VEGFR-II	T116,T192	C0378796
28304102	202	208	cancer	T191	C0006826
28304102	209	219	management	T058	C0376636
28304102	228	241	current study	T062	C2603343
28304102	247	256	synthesis	T070	C0007987
28304102	260	265	novel	T080	C0205314
28304102	266	341	1-4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(N-substituted-amino)-ethanone	T109	C0034424
28304102	342	353	derivatives	T104	C0243072
28304102	355	359	4a-t	T109	C0034424
28304102	386	395	amination	T070	C0002505
28304102	399	463	2-chloro-1-(4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (3)	T109	C0034424
28304102	479	496	secondary amines.	T109	C0002508
28304102	501	511	structures	T085	C0026383
28304102	519	525	target	T169	C1521840
28304102	526	535	compounds	T103	C1706082
28304102	541	553	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
28304102	554	556	IR	T059	C0037807
28304102	558	567	(1) H-NMR	T060	C3850001
28304102	569	579	(13) C-NMR	T060	C3850003
28304102	581	585	HRMS	T059	C0037813
28304102	591	604	microanalysis	T059	C0013844
28304102	606	615	Compounds	T103	C1706082
28304102	616	620	4a-t	T109	C0034424
28304102	639	647	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28304102	648	658	anticancer	T061	C0920425
28304102	659	668	screening	T058	C1710032
28304102	677	696	human breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28304102	698	703	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28304102	709	724	prostate cancer	T191	C0600139
28304102	726	729	PC3	T025	C0007634
28304102	731	741	cell lines	T025	C0007600
28304102	755	766	cytotoxicty	T049	C0596402
28304102	780	790	cell lines	T025	C0007600
28304102	808	900	2-(4-(4-bromobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)-1-(4-(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethanone (4q)	T109	C0034424
28304102	907	918	IC50 values	T081	C0600495
28304102	950	955	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28304102	960	969	PC3 cells	T025	C0007634
28304102	985	993	compared	T052	C1707455
28304102	1003	1016	standard drug	T170	C0920479
28304102	1017	1028	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28304102	1030	1035	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28304102	1047	1050	PC3	T025	C0007634
28304102	1083	1091	activity	T052	C0441655
28304102	1099	1110	MCF-7 cells	T025	C0596890
28304102	1112	1114	4q	T109	C0034424
28304102	1140	1148	VEGFR-II	T116,T192	C0378796
28304102	1149	1158	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28304102	1171	1175	IC50	T081	C0600495
28304102	1199	1208	sorafenib	T109,T121	C1516119
28304102	1224	1231	docking	T044	C1522290
28304102	1250	1252	4q	T109	C0034424
28304102	1259	1271	binding mode	T044	C1167622
28304102	1288	1296	VEGFR-II	T116,T192	C0378796
28304102	1297	1307	inhibitors	T120	C0243077

28304405|t|The ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase negatively regulates Paneth cells by PI3K - dependent suppression of Atoh1
28304405|a|Paneth cells (PCs), a secretory population located at the base of the intestinal crypt, support the intestinal stem cells (ISC) with growth factors and participate in innate immunity by releasing antimicrobial peptides, including lysozyme and defensins. PC dysfunction is associated with disorders such as Crohn's disease and necrotizing enterocolitis, but the specific pathways regulating PC development and function are not fully understood. Here we tested the role of the neuregulin receptor ErbB3 in control of PC differentiation and the ISC niche. Intestinal epithelial ErbB3 knockout caused precocious appearance of PCs as early as postnatal day 7, and substantially increased the number of mature PCs in adult mouse ileum. ErbB3 loss had no effect on other secretory lineages, but increased expression of the ISC marker Lgr5. ErbB3 -null intestines had elevated levels of the Atoh1 transcription factor, which is required for secretory fate determination, while Atoh1(+) cells had reduced ErbB3, suggesting reciprocal negative regulation. ErbB3 -null intestinal progenitor cells showed reduced activation of the PI3K-Akt and ERK MAPK pathways. Inhibiting these pathways in HT29 cells increased levels of ATOH1 and the PC marker LYZ. Conversely, ErbB3 activation suppressed LYZ and ATOH1 in a PI3K - dependent manner. Expansion of the PC compartment in ErbB3 -null intestines was accompanied with elevated ER stress and inflammation markers, raising the possibility that negative regulation of PCs by ErbB3 is necessary to maintain homeostasis. Taken together, our data suggest that ErbB3 restricts PC numbers through PI3K -mediated suppression of Atoh1 levels leading to inhibition of PC differentiation, with important implications for regulation of the ISC niche.
28304405	4	34	ErbB3 receptor tyrosine kinase	T116,T192	C0072460
28304405	46	55	regulates	T038	C1327622
28304405	56	68	Paneth cells	T025	C0227276
28304405	72	76	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28304405	79	88	dependent	T169	C3244310
28304405	89	100	suppression	T045	C0038855
28304405	104	109	Atoh1	T028	C1412626
28304405	110	122	Paneth cells	T025	C0227276
28304405	124	127	PCs	T025	C0227276
28304405	132	152	secretory population	T025	C1519221
28304405	180	196	intestinal crypt	T023	C3686613
28304405	210	220	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28304405	221	231	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28304405	233	236	ISC	T025	C0038250
28304405	243	257	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28304405	277	292	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
28304405	306	328	antimicrobial peptides	T116,T121	C4084937
28304405	340	348	lysozyme	T116,T121,T126	C3541379
28304405	353	362	defensins	T116,T121,T129	C0057256
28304405	364	366	PC	T025	C0227276
28304405	367	378	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28304405	398	407	disorders	T047	C0012634
28304405	416	431	Crohn's disease	T047	C0010346
28304405	436	461	necrotizing enterocolitis	T047	C0520459
28304405	480	488	pathways	T044	C1148560
28304405	489	499	regulating	T038	C1327622
28304405	500	502	PC	T025	C0227276
28304405	503	514	development	T043	C0815089
28304405	519	527	function	T043	C0007613
28304405	585	610	neuregulin receptor ErbB3	T116,T192	C0072460
28304405	625	627	PC	T025	C0227276
28304405	628	643	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28304405	652	661	ISC niche	T022	C2350292
28304405	663	673	Intestinal	T023	C0021853
28304405	674	684	epithelial	T080	C0221908
28304405	685	690	ErbB3	T028	C0812265
28304405	691	699	knockout	T063	C0599772
28304405	707	717	precocious	T079	C1279930
28304405	718	728	appearance	T080	C0700364
28304405	732	735	PCs	T025	C0227276
28304405	748	757	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28304405	758	763	day 7	T033	C3842672
28304405	783	792	increased	T081	C0205217
28304405	807	813	mature	T079	C0205286
28304405	814	817	PCs	T025	C0227276
28304405	821	832	adult mouse	T015	C0025929
28304405	833	838	ileum	T023	C0020885
28304405	840	845	ErbB3	T116,T192	C0072460
28304405	874	892	secretory lineages	T078	C0282637
28304405	898	907	increased	T081	C0205217
28304405	908	918	expression	T045	C1171362
28304405	926	929	ISC	T025	C0038250
28304405	937	941	Lgr5	T116,T192	C0762578
28304405	943	948	ErbB3	T116,T192	C0072460
28304405	955	965	intestines	T023	C0021853
28304405	993	998	Atoh1	T028	C1412626
28304405	999	1019	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28304405	1079	1087	Atoh1(+)	T116,T123	C1567779
28304405	1088	1093	cells	T025	C0007634
28304405	1106	1111	ErbB3	T028	C0812265
28304405	1124	1134	reciprocal	T080	C1882911
28304405	1135	1143	negative	T033	C0205160
28304405	1144	1154	regulation	T038	C1327622
28304405	1156	1161	ErbB3	T116,T192	C0072460
28304405	1168	1195	intestinal progenitor cells	T025	C0814997
28304405	1203	1210	reduced	T080	C0392756
28304405	1211	1221	activation	T052	C1879547
28304405	1229	1237	PI3K-Akt	T169	C2984369
28304405	1242	1259	ERK MAPK pathways	T044	C1148560
28304405	1278	1286	pathways	T044	C1148560
28304405	1290	1300	HT29 cells	T025	C0007634
28304405	1301	1310	increased	T081	C0205217
28304405	1321	1326	ATOH1	T028	C1412626
28304405	1335	1337	PC	T025	C0227276
28304405	1345	1348	LYZ	T028	C1416945
28304405	1362	1367	ErbB3	T116,T192	C0072460
28304405	1379	1389	suppressed	T045	C0038855
28304405	1390	1393	LYZ	T028	C1416945
28304405	1398	1403	ATOH1	T028	C1412626
28304405	1409	1413	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28304405	1416	1425	dependent	T169	C3244310
28304405	1451	1453	PC	T025	C0227276
28304405	1469	1474	ErbB3	T116,T192	C0072460
28304405	1481	1491	intestines	T023	C0021853
28304405	1522	1531	ER stress	T049	C3178870
28304405	1536	1548	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28304405	1549	1556	markers	T201	C0005516
28304405	1587	1595	negative	T033	C0205160
28304405	1596	1606	regulation	T038	C1327622
28304405	1610	1613	PCs	T025	C0227276
28304405	1617	1622	ErbB3	T116,T192	C0072460
28304405	1648	1659	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28304405	1681	1685	data	T078	C1511726
28304405	1699	1704	ErbB3	T116,T192	C0072460
28304405	1715	1717	PC	T025	C0227276
28304405	1734	1738	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28304405	1749	1760	suppression	T045	C0038855
28304405	1764	1769	Atoh1	T028	C1412626
28304405	1802	1804	PC	T025	C0227276
28304405	1805	1820	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28304405	1854	1864	regulation	T043	C0007613
28304405	1872	1881	ISC niche	T022	C2350292

28306155|t|CDF - quantile distributions for modelling random variables on the unit interval
28306155|a|This paper introduces a two-parameter family of distributions for modelling random variables on the (0,1) interval by applying the cumulative distribution function of one ' parent' distribution to the quantile function of another. Family members have explicit probability density functions, cumulative distribution functions and quantile s in a location parameter and a dispersion parameter. They capture a wide variety of shapes that the beta and Kumaraswamy distributions cannot. They are amenable to likelihood inference, and enable a wide variety of quantile regression models, with predictors for both the location and dispersion parameters. We demonstrate their applicability to psychological research problems and their utility in modelling real data.
28306155	0	3	CDF	T081	C3826440
28306155	6	14	quantile	T081	C1709792
28306155	15	28	distributions	T081	C0038205
28306155	33	42	modelling	T170	C3161035
28306155	43	59	random variables	T081	C1705098
28306155	67	80	unit interval	T170	C1552654
28306155	105	118	two-parameter	T077	C0549193
28306155	129	142	distributions	T081	C0038205
28306155	147	156	modelling	T170	C3161035
28306155	157	173	random variables	T081	C1705098
28306155	187	195	interval	T170	C1552654
28306155	212	244	cumulative distribution function	T081	C3826440
28306155	254	274	parent' distribution	T081	C3826440
28306155	282	290	quantile	T081	C1709792
28306155	291	299	function	T170	C1705273
28306155	341	360	probability density	T081	C2986804
28306155	361	370	functions	T170	C1705273
28306155	372	405	cumulative distribution functions	T081	C3826440
28306155	410	418	quantile	T081	C1709792
28306155	426	434	location	T082	C0450429
28306155	435	444	parameter	T077	C0549193
28306155	451	461	dispersion	T082	C0332624
28306155	462	471	parameter	T077	C0549193
28306155	493	500	variety	T077	C2346866
28306155	504	510	shapes	T082	C0332479
28306155	520	524	beta	T081	C1552649
28306155	529	554	Kumaraswamy distributions	T081	C3826440
28306155	555	561	cannot	T033	C0243095
28306155	572	580	amenable	T080	C3900053
28306155	584	604	likelihood inference	T081,T170	C0023707
28306155	624	631	variety	T077	C2346866
28306155	635	643	quantile	T081	C1709792
28306155	644	661	regression models	T170	C0034980
28306155	668	678	predictors	T078	C2698872
28306155	692	700	location	T082	C0450429
28306155	705	715	dispersion	T082	C0332624
28306155	716	726	parameters	T077	C0549193
28306155	766	779	psychological	T091	C0033909
28306155	780	797	research problems	T062	C0242481
28306155	808	815	utility	T169	C0457083
28306155	819	828	modelling	T170	C3161035
28306155	829	838	real data	T170	C3272377

28306484|t|Evaluation of the economic and clinical feasibility of introducing rigid endoscopy and laparoscopy to a small animal general practice
28306484|a|OBJECTIVE To evaluate the economic and clinical feasibility of introducing rigid endoscopy and laparoscopy to a small animal general practice. DESIGN Prospective study. SAMPLE A single 2- veterinarian small animal practice in southern California. PROCEDURES In early 2012, endoscopic equipment was purchased, and both veterinarians in the practice undertook training in rigid endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures. Subsequently, information for client -owned animals that underwent endoscopic and laparoscopic procedures during a 12- month period (2012 to 2013) was collected. Cost of equipment and training, revenue generated, specific procedures performed, surgery time, complications, and client satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS 78 endoscopic procedures were performed in 73 patients, including 71 dogs, 1 cat, and 1 rabbit. Cost of endoscopic and laparoscopic equipment and training in the first year was $14,809.71; most equipment was financed through a 5- year lease at a total cost of $57,507.70 ($ 10,675.20/y). Total revenue generated in the first year was $50,423.63. The most common procedures performed were ovariectomy (OVE; n = 49), prophylactic gastropexy (6), and video otoscopy (12). Mean ± SD surgery times for OVE (n = 44) and for OVE with gastropexy (5) were 63.7 ± 19.7 minutes and 73.0 ± 33.5 minutes; respectively. Twelve of 54 patients undergoing laparoscopic procedures experienced minor intraoperative complications. Conversion to laparotomy was not required in any patient. There were no major complications. All 49 clients available for follow-up were satisfied. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE With appropriate training and equipment, incorporation of basic rigid endoscopy and laparoscopy may be feasible in small animal general practice. However, results of the present study are not applicable to all veterinarians and practice settings, and patient safety considerations should always be paramount.
28306484	0	10	Evaluation	T078	C1550157
28306484	18	26	economic	T169	C0013557
28306484	31	39	clinical	T080	C0205210
28306484	40	51	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28306484	67	82	rigid endoscopy	T060	C0014245
28306484	87	98	laparoscopy	T060	C0031150
28306484	104	109	small	T081	C0700321
28306484	110	116	animal	T008	C0003062
28306484	117	133	general practice	T058	C1254363
28306484	147	155	evaluate	T078	C1550157
28306484	160	168	economic	T169	C0013557
28306484	173	181	clinical	T080	C0205210
28306484	182	193	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28306484	209	224	rigid endoscopy	T060	C0014245
28306484	229	240	laparoscopy	T060	C0031150
28306484	246	251	small	T081	C0700321
28306484	252	258	animal	T008	C0003062
28306484	259	275	general practice	T058	C1254363
28306484	284	301	Prospective study	T062	C0033522
28306484	322	334	veterinarian	T097	C0242856
28306484	335	340	small	T081	C0700321
28306484	341	347	animal	T008	C0003062
28306484	348	356	practice	T058	C1254363
28306484	360	379	southern California	T083	C0006754
28306484	407	417	endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28306484	418	427	equipment	T073	C0014672
28306484	432	441	purchased	T052	C0870238
28306484	452	465	veterinarians	T097	C0242856
28306484	473	481	practice	T058	C1254363
28306484	492	500	training	T065	C0220931
28306484	504	520	rigid endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28306484	525	548	laparoscopic procedures	T060	C0031150
28306484	564	575	information	T078	C1533716
28306484	580	586	client	T096	C0008942
28306484	594	601	animals	T008	C0003062
28306484	617	627	endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28306484	632	655	laparoscopic procedures	T060	C0031150
28306484	669	674	month	T079	C0439231
28306484	675	681	period	T079	C1948053
28306484	701	710	collected	T078	C1516695
28306484	712	716	Cost	T081	C0010186
28306484	720	729	equipment	T073	C0014672
28306484	734	742	training	T065	C0220931
28306484	744	761	revenue generated	T081	C0681042
28306484	772	782	procedures	T061	C0087111
28306484	783	792	performed	T169	C0884358
28306484	794	806	surgery time	T079	C3494201
28306484	808	821	complications	T046	C0009566
28306484	827	846	client satisfaction	T080	C0030702
28306484	852	861	evaluated	T078	C1550157
28306484	874	895	endoscopic procedures	T060	C0014245
28306484	901	910	performed	T169	C0884358
28306484	917	925	patients	T008	C0003062
28306484	940	944	dogs	T015	C1280551
28306484	948	951	cat	T015	C0007450
28306484	959	965	rabbit	T015	C3887509
28306484	967	971	Cost	T081	C0010186
28306484	975	985	endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28306484	990	1002	laparoscopic	T060	C0031150
28306484	1003	1012	equipment	T073	C0014672
28306484	1017	1025	training	T065	C0220931
28306484	1039	1043	year	T079	C0439234
28306484	1065	1074	equipment	T073	C0014672
28306484	1101	1105	year	T079	C0439234
28306484	1123	1127	cost	T081	C0010186
28306484	1165	1182	revenue generated	T081	C0681042
28306484	1196	1200	year	T079	C0439234
28306484	1233	1243	procedures	T061	C0087111
28306484	1244	1253	performed	T169	C0884358
28306484	1259	1270	ovariectomy	T061	C0029936
28306484	1272	1275	OVE	T061	C0029936
28306484	1286	1309	prophylactic gastropexy	T061	C0192504
28306484	1319	1333	video otoscopy	T060	C0847244
28306484	1350	1363	surgery times	T079	C3494201
28306484	1368	1371	OVE	T061	C0029936
28306484	1389	1392	OVE	T061	C0029936
28306484	1398	1408	gastropexy	T061	C0192504
28306484	1430	1437	minutes	T079	C0439232
28306484	1454	1461	minutes	T079	C0439232
28306484	1490	1498	patients	T008	C0003062
28306484	1510	1533	laparoscopic procedures	T060	C0031150
28306484	1552	1580	intraoperative complications	T046	C0021890
28306484	1582	1592	Conversion	T169	C0439836
28306484	1596	1606	laparotomy	T061	C0023038
28306484	1631	1638	patient	T008	C0003062
28306484	1660	1673	complications	T046	C0009566
28306484	1682	1689	clients	T096	C0008942
28306484	1704	1713	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28306484	1719	1728	satisfied	T041	C0242428
28306484	1782	1790	training	T065	C0220931
28306484	1795	1804	equipment	T073	C0014672
28306484	1806	1819	incorporation	T169	C0243126
28306484	1829	1844	rigid endoscopy	T060	C0014245
28306484	1849	1860	laparoscopy	T060	C0031150
28306484	1880	1885	small	T081	C0700321
28306484	1886	1892	animal	T008	C0003062
28306484	1893	1909	general practice	T058	C1254363
28306484	1920	1927	results	T169	C1274040
28306484	1943	1948	study	T062	C2603343
28306484	1975	1988	veterinarians	T097	C0242856
28306484	2016	2030	patient safety	T058	C1113679

28306707|t|Severity of illness index for surgical departments in a Cuban hospital: a revalidation study
28306707|a|In the context of the evaluation of hospital services, the incorporation of severity indices allows an essential control variable for performance comparisons in time and space through risk adjustment. The severity index for surgical services was developed in 1999 and validated as a general index for surgical services. Sixteen years later the hospital context is different in many ways and a revalidation was considered necessary to guarantee its current usefulness. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the surgical services severity index to warrant its reasonable use under current conditions. A descriptive study was carried out in the General Surgery service of the " Hermanos Ameijeiras " Clinical Surgical Hospital of Havana, Cuba during the second half of 2010. We reviewed the medical records of 511 patients discharged from this service. Items were the same as the original index as were their weighted values. Conceptual or construct validity, criterion validity and inter-rater reliability as well as internal consistency of the proposed index were evaluated. Construct validity was expressed as a significant association between the value of the severity index for surgical services and discharge status. A significant association was also found, although weak, with length of hospital stay. Criterion validity was demonstrated through the correlation s between the severity index for surgical services and other similar indices. Regarding criterion validity, the Horn index showed a correlation of 0.722 (95% CI: 0.677-0.761) with our index. With the POSSUM score, correlation was 0.454 (95% CI: 0.388-0.514) with mortality risk and 0.539 (95% CI: 0.462-0.607) with morbidity risk. Internal consistency yielded a standardized Cronbach's alpha of 0.8; inter-rater reliability resulted in a reliability coefficient of 0.98 for the quantitative index and a weighted global Kappa coefficient of 0.87 for the ordinal surgical index of seve rity for surgical services (IGQ). The validity and reliability of the proposed index was satisfactory in all aspects evaluated. The surgical services severity index may be used in the original context and is easily adaptable to other contexts as well.
28306707	0	25	Severity of illness index	T081	C0036859
28306707	30	50	surgical departments	T093	C0587503
28306707	56	61	Cuban	T083	C0010435
28306707	62	70	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28306707	74	92	revalidation study	T062,T170	C0681836
28306707	115	125	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28306707	129	146	hospital services	T058	C3694485
28306707	169	185	severity indices	T081	C0036859
28306707	206	222	control variable	T081	C0683951
28306707	239	250	comparisons	T052	C1707455
28306707	277	292	risk adjustment	T058	C0035649
28306707	298	312	severity index	T081	C0036859
28306707	317	334	surgical services	T058	C0587668
28306707	376	389	general index	T170	C0918012
28306707	394	411	surgical services	T058	C0587668
28306707	437	445	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28306707	446	453	context	T078	C0449255
28306707	486	498	revalidation	T062	C1519941
28306707	549	559	usefulness	T080	C3827682
28306707	577	601	validity and reliability	T080	C0035036
28306707	609	626	surgical services	T058	C0587668
28306707	627	641	severity index	T081	C0036859
28306707	712	717	study	T062	C2603343
28306707	741	764	General Surgery service	T093	C0587503
28306707	774	793	Hermanos Ameijeiras	T073,T093	C0019994
28306707	796	822	Clinical Surgical Hospital	T093	C1136037
28306707	834	838	Cuba	T083	C0010435
28306707	887	902	medical records	T170	C0025102
28306707	910	929	patients discharged	T058	C0030685
28306707	976	990	original index	T170	C0918012
28306707	1005	1020	weighted values	T081	C0392762
28306707	1022	1032	Conceptual	T080	C0870330
28306707	1036	1054	construct validity	T080	C0681897
28306707	1056	1074	criterion validity	T081	C2699472
28306707	1079	1102	inter-rater reliability	T081	C0870740
28306707	1114	1134	internal consistency	T081	C0870731
28306707	1142	1156	proposed index	T081	C0036859
28306707	1173	1191	Construct validity	T080	C0681897
28306707	1260	1274	severity index	T081	C0036859
28306707	1279	1296	surgical services	T058	C0587668
28306707	1301	1317	discharge status	T033	C0586514
28306707	1381	1404	length of hospital stay	T079	C0023303
28306707	1406	1424	Criterion validity	T081	C2699472
28306707	1454	1465	correlation	T081	C0010100
28306707	1480	1494	severity index	T081	C0036859
28306707	1499	1516	surgical services	T058	C0587668
28306707	1535	1542	indices	T170	C0918012
28306707	1554	1572	criterion validity	T081	C2699472
28306707	1578	1588	Horn index	T081	C0036859
28306707	1598	1609	correlation	T081	C0010100
28306707	1650	1655	index	T081	C0036859
28306707	1666	1678	POSSUM score	T081	C0457451
28306707	1680	1691	correlation	T081	C0010100
28306707	1729	1738	mortality	T081	C0681679
28306707	1739	1743	risk	T078	C0035647
28306707	1781	1790	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28306707	1791	1795	risk	T078	C0035647
28306707	1797	1817	Internal consistency	T081	C0870731
28306707	1828	1857	standardized Cronbach's alpha	T081	C0392762
28306707	1866	1889	inter-rater reliability	T081	C0870740
28306707	1904	1927	reliability coefficient	T081	C2347947
28306707	1944	1962	quantitative index	T081	C0392762
28306707	1978	2002	global Kappa coefficient	T081	C2828391
28306707	2019	2049	ordinal surgical index of seve	T081	C0036859
28306707	2059	2076	surgical services	T058	C0587668
28306707	2088	2112	validity and reliability	T080	C0035036
28306707	2120	2134	proposed index	T081	C0036859
28306707	2182	2199	surgical services	T058	C0587668
28306707	2200	2214	severity index	T081	C0036859

28314184|t|How does the body representation system develop in the human brain?
28314184|a|Exploration of the body representation system (BRS) from kinaesthetic illusions in fMRI has revealed a complex network composed of sensorimotor and frontoparietal components. Here, we evaluated the degree of maturity of this network in children aged 7-11 years, and the extent to which structural factors account for network differences with adults. Brain activation following tendon vibration at 100Hz ('illusion') and 30Hz (' no illusion ') were analysed using the two-stage random effects model, with or without white and grey matter covariates. The BRS was already well established in children as revealed by the contrast 'illusion' vs ' no illusion ', although still immature in some aspects. This included a lower level of activation in primary somatosensory and posterior parietal regions, and the exclusive activation of the frontopolar cortex (FPC) in children compared to adults. The former differences were related to structure, while the latter difference reflected a functional strategy where the FPC may serve as the 'top' in top-down modulation of the activity of the other BRS regions to facilitate the establishment of body representations. Hence, the development of the BRS not only relies on structural maturation, but also involves the disengagement of an executive region not classically involved in body processing.
28314184	13	39	body representation system	T080	C3489574
28314184	40	47	develop	T040	C0678723
28314184	55	60	human	T016	C0086418
28314184	61	66	brain	T023	C0006104
28314184	87	113	body representation system	T080	C3489574
28314184	115	118	BRS	T080	C3489574
28314184	125	147	kinaesthetic illusions	T048	C0751244
28314184	151	155	fMRI	T060	C0376335
28314184	171	178	complex	T080	C0439855
28314184	179	186	network	T040	C0598941
28314184	199	211	sensorimotor	T022	C0599408
28314184	216	230	frontoparietal	T023	C0149547
28314184	231	241	components	T023	C2332001
28314184	252	261	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28314184	266	272	degree	T080	C0441889
28314184	276	284	maturity	T080	C0449989
28314184	293	300	network	T040	C0598941
28314184	304	312	children	T100	C0008059
28314184	323	328	years	T079	C0439234
28314184	354	364	structural	T082	C0678594
28314184	385	392	network	T040	C0598941
28314184	410	416	adults	T100	C0001675
28314184	418	423	Brain	T023	C0006104
28314184	424	434	activation	T052	C1879547
28314184	445	451	tendon	T023	C0039508
28314184	452	461	vibration	T061	C0455941
28314184	472	482	'illusion'	T048	C0020903
28314184	496	498	no	T033	C1513916
28314184	499	507	illusion	T048	C0020903
28314184	516	524	analysed	T062	C0936012
28314184	535	565	two-stage random effects model	T075	C0026336
28314184	583	588	white	T024	C0682708
28314184	593	604	grey matter	T024	C0018220
28314184	605	615	covariates	T080	C0439828
28314184	621	624	BRS	T080	C3489574
28314184	657	665	children	T100	C0008059
28314184	694	704	'illusion'	T048	C0020903
28314184	710	712	no	T033	C1513916
28314184	713	721	illusion	T048	C0020903
28314184	740	748	immature	T080	C0205252
28314184	797	807	activation	T052	C1879547
28314184	811	832	primary somatosensory	T023	C3496281
28314184	837	863	posterior parietal regions	T029	C3499027
28314184	883	893	activation	T052	C1879547
28314184	901	919	frontopolar cortex	T029	C3499333
28314184	920	925	(FPC)	T029	C3499333
28314184	929	937	children	T100	C0008059
28314184	950	956	adults	T100	C0001675
28314184	997	1006	structure	T082	C0678594
28314184	1048	1058	functional	T169	C0205245
28314184	1078	1081	FPC	T029	C3499333
28314184	1108	1127	top-down modulation	T061	C0394674
28314184	1135	1143	activity	T169	C0205177
28314184	1157	1160	BRS	T080	C3489574
28314184	1161	1168	regions	T029	C0005898
28314184	1187	1200	establishment	T080	C0443211
28314184	1204	1224	body representations	T080	C3489573
28314184	1237	1248	development	T040	C0678723
28314184	1256	1259	BRS	T080	C3489574
28314184	1279	1300	structural maturation	T042	C2754905
28314184	1324	1337	disengagement	T080	C0205429
28314184	1344	1360	executive region	T029	C0005898
28314184	1389	1393	body	T016	C0242821
28314184	1394	1404	processing	T052	C1709694

28314676|t|First and second generation DESs reduce diabetes adverse effect on mortality and re-intervention in multivessel coronary disease: 9- Year analysis
28314676|a|Diabetes portends an increased risk of adverse early and late outcomes in patients undergoing PCI. In this study, we aimed to investigate if the adverse effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) on early and late PCI outcomes is reduced with drug-eluting (DES) compared to bare-metal (BMS) stents. We reviewed the Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital first PCI experience for multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD, 1998-2009). Patients were excluded if they had single-vessel CAD, emergency, no stent, prior bypass graft or myocardial infarction <24h. Diabetes - effect was derived from 9- year all-cause mortality and re-intervention risk-adjusted hazard ratios [AHR (95% confidence intervals)] for DES (N=2679; 48% three-vessel; 39% DM) and BMS (N=2651; 40% three-vessel; 33% DM) and then stratified based on stent (DES / BMS) and vessel disease (two / three). Diabetes - effect on mortality was lower for DES (AHRDM/NoDM =1.41 [1.14-1.74]) versus BMS (AHRDM/NoDM =1.71 [1.50-2.01]), but this was predominantly driven by two-vessel patients. This diabetes effect was similar for first (DES1: AHRDM/NoDM =1.43 [1.14-1.79]) and second (DES2: AHRDM/NoDM =1.53 [0.77-3.07]) generation DES. Re-intervention comparisons were similarly increased by diabetes in all sub-cohorts. Our analysis of a large real-world PCI series indicates that diabetes is associated with worse 9- year mortality irrespective of stent type, albeit this is mitigated to varying degrees with DES, particularly in DES2 and in case of 2-vessel disease. A complementary stent - effect analysis confirmed DES -to- BMS and DES2 -to- DES1 superiority in both diabetics and non-diabetics.
28314676	0	5	First	T081	C0205435
28314676	10	16	second	T081	C0205436
28314676	17	27	generation	T079	C0079411
28314676	28	32	DESs	T074	C1322815
28314676	33	39	reduce	T080	C0392756
28314676	40	48	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28314676	49	63	adverse effect	T046	C0879626
28314676	67	76	mortality	T081	C0205848
28314676	81	96	re-intervention	T061	C0184661
28314676	100	111	multivessel	T023	C0005847
28314676	112	128	coronary disease	T047	C0010054
28314676	133	137	Year	T079	C0439234
28314676	138	146	analysis	T062	C0936012
28314676	147	155	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
28314676	156	164	portends	T169	C0205245
28314676	168	177	increased	T081	C0205217
28314676	178	182	risk	T078	C0035647
28314676	186	193	adverse	T046	C0879626
28314676	194	199	early	T079	C1279919
28314676	204	208	late	T079	C0205087
28314676	209	217	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28314676	221	229	patients	T101	C0030705
28314676	241	244	PCI	T061	C1532338
28314676	254	259	study	T062	C2603343
28314676	273	284	investigate	T169	C1292732
28314676	292	306	adverse effect	T046	C0879626
28314676	310	327	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28314676	329	331	DM	T047	C0011849
28314676	336	341	early	T079	C1279919
28314676	346	350	late	T079	C0205087
28314676	351	354	PCI	T061	C1532338
28314676	355	363	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28314676	367	374	reduced	T080	C0392756
28314676	380	392	drug-eluting	T074	C1322815
28314676	394	397	DES	T074	C1322815
28314676	411	434	bare-metal (BMS) stents	T074	C2825200
28314676	439	447	reviewed	T078	C1552617
28314676	452	484	Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28314676	485	490	first	T081	C0205435
28314676	491	494	PCI	T061	C1532338
28314676	510	521	multivessel	T023	C0005847
28314676	522	545	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010054
28314676	547	550	CAD	T047	C0010054
28314676	564	572	Patients	T101	C0030705
28314676	578	586	excluded	T052	C2828389
28314676	599	616	single-vessel CAD	T047	C0581374
28314676	618	627	emergency	T078	C1561583
28314676	629	631	no	T033	C1513916
28314676	632	637	stent	T074	C0038257
28314676	639	644	prior	T079	C0332152
28314676	645	657	bypass graft	T061	C0185098
28314676	661	682	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28314676	689	697	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
28314676	700	706	effect	T080	C1280500
28314676	727	731	year	T079	C0439234
28314676	742	751	mortality	T081	C0205848
28314676	756	771	re-intervention	T061	C0184661
28314676	772	799	risk-adjusted hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
28314676	801	804	AHR	T081	C2985465
28314676	810	830	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28314676	837	840	DES	T074	C1322815
28314676	854	866	three-vessel	T047	C3272265
28314676	872	874	DM	T047	C0011849
28314676	880	883	BMS	T074	C2825200
28314676	897	909	three-vessel	T047	C3272265
28314676	915	917	DM	T047	C0011849
28314676	948	953	stent	T074	C0038257
28314676	955	958	DES	T074	C1322815
28314676	961	964	BMS	T074	C2825200
28314676	970	984	vessel disease	T047	C0042373
28314676	986	989	two	T047	C0581375
28314676	992	997	three	T047	C3272265
28314676	1000	1008	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
28314676	1011	1017	effect	T080	C1280500
28314676	1021	1030	mortality	T081	C0205848
28314676	1035	1040	lower	T080	C0205556
28314676	1045	1048	DES	T074	C1322815
28314676	1050	1060	AHRDM/NoDM	T081	C2985465
28314676	1087	1090	BMS	T074	C2825200
28314676	1092	1102	AHRDM/NoDM	T081	C2985465
28314676	1136	1149	predominantly	T080	C1542147
28314676	1160	1170	two-vessel	T047	C0581375
28314676	1171	1179	patients	T101	C0030705
28314676	1186	1194	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28314676	1195	1201	effect	T080	C1280500
28314676	1218	1223	first	T081	C0205435
28314676	1225	1229	DES1	T074	C1322815
28314676	1231	1241	AHRDM/NoDM	T081	C2985465
28314676	1265	1271	second	T081	C0205436
28314676	1273	1277	DES2	T074	C1322815
28314676	1279	1289	AHRDM/NoDM	T081	C2985465
28314676	1309	1319	generation	T079	C0079411
28314676	1320	1323	DES	T074	C1322815
28314676	1325	1340	Re-intervention	T061	C0184661
28314676	1341	1352	comparisons	T052	C1707455
28314676	1368	1377	increased	T081	C0205217
28314676	1381	1389	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28314676	1397	1408	sub-cohorts	T098	C0599755
28314676	1414	1422	analysis	T062	C0936012
28314676	1445	1448	PCI	T061	C1532338
28314676	1471	1479	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28314676	1483	1498	associated with	T080	C0332281
28314676	1499	1504	worse	T033	C1457868
28314676	1508	1512	year	T079	C0439234
28314676	1513	1522	mortality	T081	C0205848
28314676	1523	1535	irrespective	T077	C1254372
28314676	1539	1544	stent	T074	C0038257
28314676	1545	1549	type	T080	C0332307
28314676	1600	1603	DES	T074	C1322815
28314676	1621	1625	DES2	T074	C1322815
28314676	1641	1657	2-vessel disease	T047	C0581375
28314676	1661	1674	complementary	T077	C1254372
28314676	1675	1680	stent	T074	C0038257
28314676	1683	1689	effect	T080	C1280500
28314676	1690	1698	analysis	T062	C0936012
28314676	1699	1708	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28314676	1709	1712	DES	T074	C1322815
28314676	1718	1721	BMS	T074	C2825200
28314676	1726	1730	DES2	T074	C1322815
28314676	1736	1740	DES1	T074	C1322815
28314676	1741	1752	superiority	T080	C0205556
28314676	1761	1770	diabetics	T033	C0241863
28314676	1775	1788	non-diabetics	T033	C0243095

28315039|t|Ecology and Feeding Habits Drive Infection of Water Bugs with Mycobacterium ulcerans
28315039|a|Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), the causative agent of Buruli ulcer, is present in a wide spectrum of environments, including terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in tropical regions. The most promising studies on the epidemiological risk of this disease suggest that some ecological settings may favor infection of animals with MU including human. A species ' needs and impacts on resources and the environment, i.e., its ecological niche, may influence its susceptibility to be infected by this microbial form. For example, some Naucoridae may dive in fresh waters to prey upon infected animals and thus may get infected with MU. However, these studies have rarely considered that inference on the ecological settings favoring infection and transmission may be confounded because host carrier sister species have similar ecological niches, and potentially the same host - microbe interactions. Hence, a relationship between the ecological niche of Naucoridae and its infection with MU may be due to a symbiotic relationship between the host and the pathogen, rather than its ecological niche. To account for this confounding effect, we investigated the relationships between surrogates of the ecological niche of water bug species and their susceptibility to MU, by performing phylogenetic comparative analyses on a large dataset of 11 families of water bugs collected in 10 different sites across Cameroon, central Africa. Our results indicate that MU circulates and infects a couple of host taxa, i.e., Belostomatidae, Naucoridae, living both in the aquatic vegetation and as predators inside the trophic network and sister species of water bugs have indeed similar host - microbe interactions with MU.
28315039	0	7	Ecology	T090	C0013546
28315039	12	26	Feeding Habits	T040	C0237617
28315039	33	42	Infection	T046	C3714514
28315039	46	56	Water Bugs	T204	C1004432
28315039	62	84	Mycobacterium ulcerans	T007	C0317759
28315039	85	107	Mycobacterium ulcerans	T007	C0317759
28315039	109	111	MU	T007	C0317759
28315039	118	133	causative agent	T033	C0449411
28315039	137	149	Buruli ulcer	T047	C0085568
28315039	154	161	present	T033	C0150312
28315039	167	171	wide	T082	C0332464
28315039	172	180	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28315039	184	196	environments	T082	C0014406
28315039	208	219	terrestrial	T070	C0162358
28315039	224	242	aquatic ecosystems	T067	C0563034
28315039	246	262	tropical regions	T083	C0017446
28315039	283	290	studies	T059	C0947630
28315039	298	313	epidemiological	T169	C1516907
28315039	314	318	risk	T078	C0035647
28315039	327	334	disease	T047	C0012634
28315039	353	372	ecological settings	T077	C0870460
28315039	383	392	infection	T046	C3714514
28315039	396	403	animals	T008	C0003062
28315039	409	411	MU	T007	C0317759
28315039	422	427	human	T016	C0086418
28315039	431	438	species	T185	C1705920
28315039	441	446	needs	T080	C0027552
28315039	451	458	impacts	T080	C4049986
28315039	462	471	resources	T078	C0027492
28315039	480	491	environment	T082	C0014406
28315039	503	519	ecological niche	T082	C0565987
28315039	525	534	influence	T077	C4054723
28315039	539	553	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28315039	560	568	infected	T033	C0439663
28315039	577	591	microbial form	T001	C0599840
28315039	611	621	Naucoridae	T204	C1488019
28315039	626	630	dive	T056	C0012823
28315039	634	646	fresh waters	T167	C0016710
28315039	650	654	prey	T052	C3853577
28315039	660	668	infected	T033	C0439663
28315039	669	676	animals	T008	C0003062
28315039	694	702	infected	T033	C0439663
28315039	708	710	MU	T007	C0317759
28315039	727	734	studies	T059	C0947630
28315039	740	746	rarely	T080	C0522498
28315039	780	799	ecological settings	T077	C0870460
28315039	809	818	infection	T046	C3714514
28315039	823	835	transmission	T046	C0242781
28315039	843	853	confounded	T169	C0009673
28315039	862	889	host carrier sister species	T185	C1705920
28315039	903	920	ecological niches	T082	C0565987
28315039	926	937	potentially	T080	C3245505
28315039	947	951	host	T001	C1167395
28315039	954	961	microbe	T001	C0445623
28315039	962	974	interactions	T169	C1704675
28315039	985	997	relationship	T080	C0439849
28315039	1010	1026	ecological niche	T082	C0565987
28315039	1030	1040	Naucoridae	T204	C1488019
28315039	1049	1058	infection	T046	C3714514
28315039	1064	1066	MU	T007	C0317759
28315039	1083	1092	symbiotic	T169	C0231202
28315039	1093	1105	relationship	T080	C0439849
28315039	1118	1122	host	T001	C1167395
28315039	1131	1139	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28315039	1157	1173	ecological niche	T082	C0565987
28315039	1195	1213	confounding effect	T169	C0009673
28315039	1218	1230	investigated	T169	C1292732
28315039	1235	1248	relationships	T080	C0439849
28315039	1257	1267	surrogates	T099	C4053457
28315039	1275	1291	ecological niche	T082	C0565987
28315039	1295	1312	water bug species	T204	C1004432
28315039	1323	1337	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28315039	1341	1343	MU	T007	C0317759
28315039	1348	1358	performing	T169	C0884358
28315039	1359	1392	phylogenetic comparative analyses	T062	C1519068
28315039	1404	1411	dataset	T170	C0150098
28315039	1418	1426	families	T077	C1704727
28315039	1430	1440	water bugs	T204	C1004432
28315039	1441	1450	collected	T169	C1516698
28315039	1457	1466	different	T080	C1705242
28315039	1467	1472	sites	T082	C0205145
28315039	1480	1488	Cameroon	T083	C0006802
28315039	1490	1504	central Africa	T083	C0001740
28315039	1510	1517	results	T034	C0456984
28315039	1518	1526	indicate	T078	C3146298
28315039	1532	1534	MU	T007	C0317759
28315039	1535	1545	circulates	T169	C0175630
28315039	1550	1557	infects	T033	C0439663
28315039	1570	1574	host	T001	C1167395
28315039	1575	1579	taxa	T169	C0008903
28315039	1587	1601	Belostomatidae	T204	C1007274
28315039	1603	1613	Naucoridae	T204	C1488019
28315039	1615	1621	living	T078	C0376558
28315039	1634	1641	aquatic	T067	C0563034
28315039	1642	1652	vegetation	T002	C0032098
28315039	1660	1669	predators	T001	C0029235
28315039	1681	1696	trophic network	T080	C2936391
28315039	1701	1715	sister species	T185	C1705920
28315039	1719	1729	water bugs	T204	C1004432
28315039	1750	1754	host	T001	C1167395
28315039	1757	1764	microbe	T001	C0445623
28315039	1765	1777	interactions	T169	C1704675
28315039	1783	1785	MU	T007	C0317759

28315127|t|Inherited Ventricular Arrhythmias: The Role of the Multi-Subunit Structure of the L-Type Calcium Channel Complex
28315127|a|The normal heartbeat is conditioned by transient increases in the intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration. Ca(2+) influx in cardiomyocytes is regulated by the activity of the heteromeric L-type voltage-activated CaV1.2 channel. A complex network of interactions between the different proteins forming the ion channel supports the kinetics and the activation gating of the Ca(2+) influx. Alterations in the biophysical and biochemical properties or in the biogenesis in any of these proteins can lead to serious disturbances in the cardiac rhythm. The multi-subunit nature of the channel complex is better comprehended by examining the high-resolution three-dimensional structure of the closely related CaV1.1 channel. The architectural map identifies precise interaction loci between the different subunits and paves the way for elucidating the mechanistic basis for the regulation of Ca(2+) balance in cardiac myocytes under physiological and pathological conditions.
28315127	0	9	Inherited	T169	C0439660
28315127	10	33	Ventricular Arrhythmias	T047	C0085612
28315127	51	74	Multi-Subunit Structure	T082	C0678594
28315127	82	112	L-Type Calcium Channel Complex	T026	C3896229
28315127	117	123	normal	T080	C0205307
28315127	124	133	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28315127	137	148	conditioned	T080	C0348080
28315127	162	171	increases	T169	C0442805
28315127	179	192	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28315127	193	204	free Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28315127	205	218	concentration	T081	C1265611
28315127	220	226	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28315127	227	233	influx	T043	C0007613
28315127	237	251	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28315127	272	280	activity	T169	C0205177
28315127	288	339	heteromeric L-type voltage-activated CaV1.2 channel	T116,T123	C1437534
28315127	343	358	complex network	T169	C1882071
28315127	362	374	interactions	T169	C1704675
28315127	387	396	different	T080	C1705242
28315127	397	405	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28315127	406	413	forming	T043	C0007613
28315127	418	429	ion channel	T116,T123	C0022009
28315127	443	451	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28315127	460	470	activation	T169	C1515877
28315127	485	491	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28315127	492	498	influx	T043	C0007613
28315127	500	511	Alterations	T169	C0392747
28315127	519	530	biophysical	T080	C0871161
28315127	535	557	biochemical properties	T080	C0871161
28315127	568	578	biogenesis	T070	C4042896
28315127	595	603	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28315127	616	623	serious	T080	C0205404
28315127	624	636	disturbances	T080	C2699787
28315127	644	658	cardiac rhythm	T042	C0232187
28315127	664	684	multi-subunit nature	T082	C0678594
28315127	692	707	channel complex	T026	C2612846
28315127	748	791	high-resolution three-dimensional structure	T082	C0026377
28315127	807	814	related	T080	C0439849
28315127	815	829	CaV1.1 channel	T116,T123	C1439118
28315127	853	863	identifies	T080	C0205396
28315127	872	888	interaction loci	T169	C1704675
28315127	889	896	between	T082	C0205103
28315127	901	910	different	T080	C1705242
28315127	911	919	subunits	T081	C1711351
28315127	958	969	mechanistic	T022	C0598002
28315127	970	975	basis	T169	C1527178
28315127	984	1004	regulation of Ca(2+)	T043	C1156269
28315127	1005	1012	balance	T169	C0205415
28315127	1016	1032	cardiac myocytes	T025	C0225828
28315127	1039	1052	physiological	T039	C1254359
28315127	1057	1080	pathological conditions	T046	C0752135

28315240|t|DTNB -Based Quantification of In Vitro Enzymatic N-Terminal Acetyltransferase Activity
28315240|a|We here describe a quick and easy method to quantitatively measure in vitro acetylation activity of not only N-terminal acetyltransferase (NAT) enzymes, but acetyltransferases using acetyl-coenzyme A as an acetyl donor in general.
28315240	0	4	DTNB	T109,T130	C0012788
28315240	12	26	Quantification	T081	C1709793
28315240	30	38	In Vitro	T080	C1533691
28315240	39	48	Enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28315240	49	86	N-Terminal Acetyltransferase Activity	T044	C1151922
28315240	121	127	method	T170	C0025663
28315240	131	145	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
28315240	146	153	measure	T081	C0079809
28315240	154	162	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28315240	163	183	acetylation activity	T044	C0001038
28315240	196	224	N-terminal acetyltransferase	T116,T126	C0165507
28315240	226	229	NAT	T116,T126	C0165507
28315240	231	238	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28315240	244	262	acetyltransferases	T116,T126	C0001068
28315240	269	286	acetyl-coenzyme A	T114,T123	C0001026
28315240	293	299	acetyl	T082	C2985512
28315240	300	305	donor	T080	C0205198
28315240	309	316	general	T082	C0205246

28316031|t|Transactivation Domain of Human c-Myc Is Essential to Alleviate Poly(Q) -Mediated Neurotoxicity in Drosophila Disease Models
28316031|a|Polyglutamine (poly(Q)) disorders, such as Huntington's disease (HD) and spinocerebellar ataxias, represent a group of neurological disorders which arise due to an atypically expanded poly(Q) tract in the coding region of the affected gene. Pathogenesis of these disorders inside the cells begins with the assembly of these mutant proteins in the form of insoluble inclusion bodies (IBs), which progressively sequester several vital cellular transcription factors and other essential proteins, and finally leads to neuronal dysfunction and apoptosis. We have shown earlier that targeted upregulation of Drosophila myc (dmyc) dominantly suppresses the poly(Q) toxicity in Drosophila. The present study examines the ability of the human c-myc proto-oncogene and also identifies the specific c-Myc isoform which drives the mitigation of poly(Q) -mediated neurotoxicity, so that it could be further substantiated as a potential drug target. We report for the first time that similar to dmyc, tissue-specific induced expression of human c-myc also suppresses poly(Q) -mediated neurotoxicity by an analogous mechanism. Among the three isoforms of c-Myc, the rescue potential was maximally manifested by the full-length c-Myc2 protein, followed by c-Myc1, but not by c-MycS which lacks the transactivation domain. Our study suggests that strategies focussing on the transactivation domain of c-Myc could be a very useful approach to design novel drug molecules against poly(Q) disorders.
28316031	0	15	Transactivation	T045	C0040624
28316031	16	22	Domain	T087	C1514562
28316031	26	37	Human c-Myc	T116,T123	C1454487
28316031	64	71	Poly(Q)	T116	C0384782
28316031	82	95	Neurotoxicity	T037	C0235032
28316031	99	109	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
28316031	110	124	Disease Models	T050	C0684309
28316031	125	138	Polyglutamine	T116	C0384782
28316031	140	147	poly(Q)	T116	C0384782
28316031	149	158	disorders	T047	C0012634
28316031	168	188	Huntington's disease	T047	C0020179
28316031	190	192	HD	T047	C0020179
28316031	198	221	spinocerebellar ataxias	T047	C0087012
28316031	244	266	neurological disorders	T047	C0027765
28316031	300	308	expanded	T082	C0205229
28316031	309	316	poly(Q)	T116	C0384782
28316031	330	343	coding region	T028	C0079941
28316031	360	364	gene	T028	C0017337
28316031	366	378	Pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28316031	388	397	disorders	T047	C0012634
28316031	409	414	cells	T025	C0007634
28316031	449	464	mutant proteins	T116	C1564139
28316031	490	506	inclusion bodies	T026	C0007637
28316031	508	511	IBs	T026	C0007637
28316031	558	566	cellular	T025	C0007634
28316031	567	588	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
28316031	599	608	essential	T080	C0205224
28316031	609	617	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28316031	640	648	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28316031	649	660	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28316031	665	674	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28316031	703	711	targeted	T169	C1521840
28316031	712	724	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28316031	728	742	Drosophila myc	T116,T123	C1317967
28316031	744	748	dmyc	T116,T123	C1317967
28316031	776	783	poly(Q)	T116	C0384782
28316031	784	792	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28316031	796	806	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
28316031	854	880	human c-myc proto-oncogene	T116,T123	C1454487
28316031	914	919	c-Myc	T116,T123	C1454487
28316031	920	927	isoform	T116	C0597298
28316031	959	966	poly(Q)	T116	C0384782
28316031	977	990	neurotoxicity	T037	C0235032
28316031	1039	1048	potential	T080	C3245505
28316031	1049	1053	drug	T121	C1254351
28316031	1054	1060	target	T169	C1521840
28316031	1107	1111	dmyc	T116,T123	C1317967
28316031	1113	1128	tissue-specific	T024	C1955394
28316031	1129	1147	induced expression	T045	C1171362
28316031	1151	1162	human c-myc	T116,T123	C1454487
28316031	1168	1178	suppresses	T169	C1260953
28316031	1179	1186	poly(Q)	T116	C0384782
28316031	1197	1210	neurotoxicity	T037	C0235032
28316031	1217	1236	analogous mechanism	T169	C0441712
28316031	1254	1262	isoforms	T116	C0597298
28316031	1266	1271	c-Myc	T116,T123	C1454487
28316031	1284	1293	potential	T080	C3245505
28316031	1338	1352	c-Myc2 protein	T116,T123	C1454487
28316031	1366	1372	c-Myc1	T116,T123	C1454487
28316031	1385	1391	c-MycS	T116,T123	C1454487
28316031	1408	1423	transactivation	T045	C0040624
28316031	1424	1430	domain	T087	C1514562
28316031	1484	1499	transactivation	T045	C0040624
28316031	1500	1506	domain	T087	C1514562
28316031	1510	1515	c-Myc	T116,T123	C1454487
28316031	1564	1578	drug molecules	T121	C1254351
28316031	1587	1594	poly(Q)	T116	C0384782
28316031	1595	1604	disorders	T047	C0012634

28316065|t|Identification of key genes and construction of microRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in multiple myeloma by integrated multiple GEO datasets using bioinformatics analysis
28316065|a|Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematological malignancy. To identify key genes and microRNA s in MM, we downloaded two gene expression profiles (GSE16558 and GSE47552) and two microRNA expression profiles (GSE17498 and GSE16558) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 596 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 39 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) were screened out. Pathway analysis showed that upregulated genes were mainly enriched in the " B cell receptor signaling pathway ", " Cell cycle " and " NF-kappa B signaling pathway ", whereas downregulated genes were mainly enriched in the " Ribosome ", " FoxO signaling pathway " and " p53 signaling pathway ". We subsequently constructed a protein-protein interaction network of DEGs consisting of 277 genes and 563 interactions. In addition, 32 genes with high degrees in the network were identified as hub genes in MM, e.g. HDAC2, RBBP4, CREB1, and RB1. Additionally, we constructed a microRNA-mRNA regulatory network depicting interactions between DEMs and their targets, including the miR-135b - GADD45A and miR-148a - USPL1 pairs. In conclusion, the results of this data mining and integration help reveal the molecular basis of MM pathogenesis as well as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MM diagnosis and treatment.
28316065	22	27	genes	T028	C0017337
28316065	48	61	microRNA-mRNA	T114,T116,T123	C1099355
28316065	62	81	regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
28316065	85	101	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28316065	105	137	integrated multiple GEO datasets	T170	C0872179
28316065	144	158	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28316065	159	167	analysis	T062	C0936012
28316065	168	184	Multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28316065	186	188	MM	T191	C0026764
28316065	202	226	hematological malignancy	T033	C1275350
28316065	244	249	genes	T028	C0017337
28316065	254	262	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28316065	268	270	MM	T191	C0026764
28316065	290	314	gene expression profiles	T081	C1956267
28316065	347	355	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28316065	356	375	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
28316065	409	447	Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database	T170	C0872179
28316065	464	494	differentially expressed genes	T028	C0017337
28316065	496	500	DEGs	T028	C0017337
28316065	509	543	differentially expressed microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28316065	545	549	DEMs	T114,T123	C1101610
28316065	570	586	Pathway analysis	T170	C0868995
28316065	599	616	upregulated genes	T028	C0017337
28316065	647	680	B cell receptor signaling pathway	T044	C1325924
28316065	686	696	Cell cycle	T043	C0007586
28316065	705	733	NF-kappa B signaling pathway	T169	C2984341
28316065	745	764	downregulated genes	T028	C0017337
28316065	795	803	Ribosome	T026	C0035553
28316065	809	831	FoxO signaling pathway	T169	C2984404
28316065	840	861	p53 signaling pathway	T044	C2756034
28316065	895	922	protein-protein interaction	T044	C0872079
28316065	934	938	DEGs	T028	C0017337
28316065	957	962	genes	T028	C0017337
28316065	971	983	interactions	T169	C1704675
28316065	1001	1006	genes	T028	C0017337
28316065	1063	1068	genes	T028	C0017337
28316065	1072	1074	MM	T191	C0026764
28316065	1081	1086	HDAC2	T028	C1333892
28316065	1088	1093	RBBP4	T028	C1419289
28316065	1095	1100	CREB1	T028	C1413702
28316065	1106	1109	RB1	T028	C0694889
28316065	1142	1155	microRNA-mRNA	T114,T116,T123	C1099355
28316065	1156	1174	regulatory network	T044	C1720950
28316065	1185	1197	interactions	T169	C1704675
28316065	1206	1210	DEMs	T114,T123	C1101610
28316065	1221	1228	targets	T169	C1521840
28316065	1244	1252	miR-135b	T028	C1537788
28316065	1255	1262	GADD45A	T028	C1333655
28316065	1267	1275	miR-148a	T028	C1537802
28316065	1278	1283	USPL1	T028	C1823607
28316065	1326	1337	data mining	T066	C1328866
28316065	1342	1353	integration	T066	C1705422
28316065	1370	1385	molecular basis	T078	C1853126
28316065	1389	1391	MM	T191	C0026764
28316065	1392	1404	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28316065	1416	1425	potential	T080	C3245505
28316065	1426	1436	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28316065	1441	1460	therapeutic targets	T169	C0302350
28316065	1465	1467	MM	T191	C0026764
28316065	1468	1477	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28316065	1482	1491	treatment	T061	C0087111

28316359|t|Family Matters: Promoting the Academic Adaptation of Latino Youth in New and Established Destination
28316359|a|As primary agents of socialization, families and schools can powerfully shape the academic adaptation of youth. Using data from the SIAA studies, we compare the family and school environments of Latino high school seniors living in a new destination, North Carolina, with those living in an established destination, Los Angeles. We then evaluate how family and school environments influence their educational aspirations, expectations, and performance. We find that parents' achievement expectations promote Latino youths' academic success while perceived future family obligations inhibit them. Additionally, we find that schools remain essential in promoting Latino immigrant youths' achievement by providing a supportive and safe learning environment. Discrimination in schools and the broader community is associated with lower educational expectations and aspirations but not lower academic performance.
28316359	0	6	Family	T099	C0015576
28316359	16	25	Promoting	T052	C0033414
28316359	30	38	Academic	T033	C0013658
28316359	39	49	Adaptation	T054	C0037395
28316359	53	59	Latino	T098	C0086528
28316359	60	65	Youth	T100	C0087178
28316359	69	72	New	T080	C0205314
28316359	77	88	Established	T080	C0443211
28316359	89	100	Destination	T082	C0079220
28316359	104	111	primary	T080	C0205225
28316359	122	135	socialization	T065	C0037447
28316359	137	145	families	T099	C0015576
28316359	150	157	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
28316359	183	191	academic	T033	C0013658
28316359	192	202	adaptation	T054	C0037395
28316359	206	211	youth	T100	C0087178
28316359	233	245	SIAA studies	T062	C0242481
28316359	250	257	compare	T052	C1707455
28316359	262	268	family	T099	C0015576
28316359	273	292	school environments	T069	C0681381
28316359	296	302	Latino	T098	C0086528
28316359	303	314	high school	T170	C0683862
28316359	315	322	seniors	T098	C1257890
28316359	335	338	new	T080	C0205314
28316359	339	350	destination	T082	C0079220
28316359	352	366	North Carolina	T083	C0028407
28316359	392	403	established	T080	C0443211
28316359	404	415	destination	T082	C0079220
28316359	417	428	Los Angeles	T083	C0024015
28316359	451	457	family	T099	C0015576
28316359	462	481	school environments	T069	C0681381
28316359	482	491	influence	T077	C4054723
28316359	498	509	educational	T185	C0013622
28316359	510	521	aspirations	T041	C0004056
28316359	523	535	expectations	T080	C0871037
28316359	541	552	performance	T055	C0597198
28316359	567	575	parents'	T099	C0030551
28316359	576	587	achievement	T053	C0001072
28316359	588	600	expectations	T080	C0871037
28316359	601	608	promote	T052	C0033414
28316359	609	615	Latino	T098	C0086528
28316359	616	623	youths'	T100	C0087178
28316359	624	640	academic success	T055	C0700132
28316359	647	656	perceived	T041	C0030971
28316359	657	663	future	T079	C0016884
28316359	664	670	family	T099	C0015576
28316359	671	682	obligations	T078	C1254370
28316359	683	690	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28316359	697	709	Additionally	T169	C1524062
28316359	724	731	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
28316359	739	748	essential	T080	C0205224
28316359	752	761	promoting	T052	C0033414
28316359	762	768	Latino	T098	C0086528
28316359	769	778	immigrant	T098	C0282163
28316359	779	786	youths'	T100	C0087178
28316359	787	798	achievement	T053	C0001072
28316359	814	824	supportive	T077	C1521721
28316359	834	854	learning environment	T082	C1510556
28316359	856	870	Discrimination	T054	C2987623
28316359	874	881	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
28316359	898	907	community	T096	C0009462
28316359	911	926	associated with	T080	C0332281
28316359	927	932	lower	T052	C2003888
28316359	933	944	educational	T185	C0013622
28316359	945	957	expectations	T078	C0679138
28316359	962	973	aspirations	T041	C0004056
28316359	982	1008	lower academic performance	T033	C4060605

28316382|t|Effect of Punica granatum fruit peel on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in amphistome Gastrothylax indicus
28316382|a|Increasing anthelmintic resistance and the impact of conventional anthelmintics on the environment, it is important to look for alternative strategies against helminth parasite in sheep. Important lipogenic enzymes like glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) show subcellular distribution pattern. Activity of G-6-PDH was largely restricted to cytosolic fraction while MDH was found in both cytosolic and mitochondrial fraction in Gastrothylax indicus. Following in vitro treatment with ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Punica granatum fruit peel and commercial anthelmintic, albendazole G-6-PDH activity was decreased by 19-32 %, whereas MDH was suppressed by 24-41 %, compared to the respective control. Albendazole was quite effective when compared with negative control and both the extracts. The results indicate that phytochemicals of plant may act as potential vermifuge or vermicide.
28316382	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
28316382	10	25	Punica granatum	T002	C1001173
28316382	26	36	fruit peel	T168	C0016767
28316382	40	73	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0017757
28316382	78	98	malate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0024544
28316382	102	112	amphistome	T204	C0684063
28316382	113	133	Gastrothylax indicus	T204	C3006520
28316382	134	144	Increasing	T169	C0442808
28316382	145	157	anthelmintic	T121	C0003158
28316382	158	168	resistance	T038	C0013203
28316382	177	183	impact	T080	C4049986
28316382	200	213	anthelmintics	T121	C0003158
28316382	221	232	environment	T082	C0014406
28316382	293	310	helminth parasite	T204	C0018893
28316382	314	319	sheep	T015	C0036945
28316382	331	348	lipogenic enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28316382	354	387	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0017757
28316382	389	396	G-6-PDH	T116,T126	C0017757
28316382	402	422	malate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0024544
28316382	424	427	MDH	T116,T126	C0024544
28316382	434	445	subcellular	T026	C3893246
28316382	446	466	distribution pattern	T082	C0449775
28316382	468	476	Activity	T044	C0243102
28316382	480	487	G-6-PDH	T116,T126	C0017757
28316382	514	532	cytosolic fraction	T026	C1511625
28316382	539	542	MDH	T116,T126	C0024544
28316382	561	570	cytosolic	T026	C1511625
28316382	575	597	mitochondrial fraction	T026	C0026237
28316382	601	621	Gastrothylax indicus	T204	C3006520
28316382	633	641	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28316382	642	651	treatment	T169	C1522326
28316382	657	666	ethanolic	T109,T121	C0001962
28316382	671	687	aqueous extracts	T167	C2828366
28316382	691	706	Punica granatum	T002	C1001173
28316382	707	717	fruit peel	T168	C0016767
28316382	733	745	anthelmintic	T121	C0003158
28316382	747	758	albendazole	T109,T121	C0001911
28316382	759	766	G-6-PDH	T116,T126	C0017757
28316382	767	775	activity	T044	C0243102
28316382	780	789	decreased	T080	C0392756
28316382	810	813	MDH	T116,T126	C0024544
28316382	818	828	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28316382	868	875	control	T167	C1550141
28316382	877	888	Albendazole	T109,T121	C0001911
28316382	899	908	effective	T080	C1704419
28316382	928	944	negative control	T077	C1947986
28316382	958	966	extracts	T167	C2828366
28316382	972	979	results	T169	C1274040
28316382	994	1008	phytochemicals	T109,T123	C0577749
28316382	1012	1017	plant	T002	C0032098
28316382	1029	1038	potential	T080	C3245505
28316382	1039	1048	vermifuge	T121	C0003158
28316382	1052	1061	vermicide	T131	C1254354

28316973|t|Dyslipidaemia and Medical Outcome (Health Related Quality of Life) in Patients with Schizophrenia Taking Antipsychotics in Enugu, Nigeria
28316973|a|Aim. Determine association between use (and type) of antipsychotics and dyslipidaemia in newly diagnosed schizophrenia patients attending Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu. Methods. From sixty antipsychotic naive patients with schizophrenia and sixty first-degree relatives matched for gender and age, fasting blood lipid profiles were measured at baseline and after twelve weeks. Medical Outcome Study Short Form General Health Survey was administered to patients on both occasions. Fasting lipid profile changes of both groups were compared. Results. Mean endpoint of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LD), and triglycerides (TG) in mmol/l for cases was significantly higher than initial values (TC 4.5 versus 4.3, t = 4.3, p < 0.0001), (LDL 2.8 versus 2.6, t = 14.3, p < 0.0001), and (TG 1.3 versus 1.0, t = 12.1, p < 0.0001). Mean endpoint of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in mmol/l for cases was significantly lower than initial values (1.1 versus 1.2, t = 12.1, p < 0.0001). Prevalence of dyslipidaemia for cases was 13%. Mean endpoint of TC, LDL, TG, and HDL in mmol/l for controls was not significantly different from initial values (TC 4.30 versus 4.27, t = 1.09, p = 0.279), (LDL 2.49 versus 2.46, t = 1.28, p = 0.205), (TG 0.96 versus 0.94, t = 1.27, p = 0.207), and (HDL 1.37 versus 1.38, t = 1.61, p = 0.113). Subjects on atypical antipsychotics had higher risk for dyslipidaemia. Conclusion. Use of antipsychotics was significantly associated with dyslipidaemia.
28316973	0	13	Dyslipidaemia	T047	C0242339
28316973	18	33	Medical Outcome	T080	C0085415
28316973	35	65	Health Related Quality of Life	T078	C4279947
28316973	70	78	Patients	T101	C0030705
28316973	84	97	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28316973	105	119	Antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
28316973	123	128	Enugu	UnknownType	C0681784
28316973	130	137	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
28316973	153	164	association	T080	C0439849
28316973	173	176	use	T169	C0457083
28316973	182	186	type	T080	C0332307
28316973	191	205	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
28316973	210	223	dyslipidaemia	T047	C0242339
28316973	227	242	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
28316973	243	256	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28316973	257	265	patients	T101	C0030705
28316973	266	275	attending	T169	C1999232
28316973	276	309	Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28316973	311	316	Enugu	UnknownType	C0681784
28316973	338	351	antipsychotic	T121	C0040615
28316973	352	366	naive patients	T101	C0030705
28316973	372	385	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28316973	396	418	first-degree relatives	T099	C1517194
28316973	419	426	matched	T080	C1708943
28316973	431	437	gender	T032	C0079399
28316973	442	445	age	T032	C0001779
28316973	447	475	fasting blood lipid profiles	T059	C0430044
28316973	481	489	measured	T080	C0444706
28316973	493	501	baseline	T081	C1442488
28316973	519	524	weeks	T079	C0439230
28316973	526	580	Medical Outcome Study Short Form General Health Survey	T170	C0451286
28316973	585	597	administered	T169	C1521801
28316973	601	609	patients	T101	C0030705
28316973	618	627	occasions	T079	C1254367
28316973	629	650	Fasting lipid profile	T059	C0430044
28316973	651	658	changes	T169	C0392747
28316973	667	673	groups	T078	C0441833
28316973	679	687	compared	T052	C1707455
28316973	698	711	Mean endpoint	T080	C2349179
28316973	715	732	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
28316973	734	736	TC	T109	C0543421
28316973	739	762	low density lipoprotein	T109,T123	C0023823
28316973	764	766	LD	T109,T123	C0023823
28316973	773	786	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28316973	788	790	TG	T109,T123	C0041004
28316973	806	811	cases	T077	C1706256
28316973	830	836	higher	T080	C0205250
28316973	842	849	initial	T079	C0205265
28316973	850	856	values	T080	C0042295
28316973	858	860	TC	T109	C0543421
28316973	900	903	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
28316973	948	950	TG	T109,T123	C0041004
28316973	990	1003	Mean endpoint	T080	C2349179
28316973	1007	1031	high density lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023821
28316973	1033	1036	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
28316973	1052	1057	cases	T077	C1706256
28316973	1076	1081	lower	T080	C0205251
28316973	1087	1094	initial	T079	C0205265
28316973	1095	1101	values	T080	C0042295
28316973	1142	1152	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
28316973	1156	1169	dyslipidaemia	T047	C0242339
28316973	1174	1179	cases	T077	C1706256
28316973	1189	1202	Mean endpoint	T080	C2349179
28316973	1206	1208	TC	T109	C0543421
28316973	1210	1213	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
28316973	1215	1217	TG	T109,T123	C0041004
28316973	1223	1226	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
28316973	1241	1249	controls	T096	C0009932
28316973	1254	1281	not significantly different	T033	C3842396
28316973	1287	1294	initial	T079	C0205265
28316973	1295	1301	values	T080	C0042295
28316973	1303	1305	TC	T109	C0543421
28316973	1347	1350	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
28316973	1392	1394	TG	T109,T123	C0041004
28316973	1440	1443	HDL	T116,T123	C0023821
28316973	1484	1492	Subjects	T098	C0080105
28316973	1496	1504	atypical	T080	C0205182
28316973	1505	1519	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
28316973	1524	1530	higher	T080	C0205250
28316973	1531	1535	risk	T078	C0035647
28316973	1540	1553	dyslipidaemia	T047	C0242339
28316973	1567	1573	Use of	T169	C1524063
28316973	1574	1588	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
28316973	1607	1622	associated with	T080	C0332281
28316973	1623	1636	dyslipidaemia	T047	C0242339

28317028|t|Mycobacterial Caseinolytic Protease Gene Regulator ClgR Is a Substrate of Caseinolytic Protease
28317028|a|The mycobacterial caseinolytic protease ClpP1P2 is a degradative protease that recently gained interest as a genetically and pharmacologically validated drug target for tuberculosis. The first whole-cell active ClpP1P2 inhibitor, the human proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, is currently undergoing lead optimization to introduce selectivity for the bacterial target. How inhibition of ClpP1P2 translates into whole-cell antimicrobial activity is little understood. Previous work has shown that the caseinolytic protease gene regulator ClgR is an activator of the clpP1P2 genes and also suggested that this transcription factor may be a substrate of the protease. Here, we employ promoter activity reporters and direct mRNA level measurements showing that bortezomib treatment of Mycobacterium bovis BCG increased transcription of clpP1P2 and other ClgR - dependent promoters, suggesting that inhibition of ClpP1P2 increases cellular ClgR levels. Then, we carried out red fluorescent protein - ClgR fusion analyses to show that ClgR is indeed a substrate of ClpP1P2 and to identify ClgR's C-terminal nonapeptide APVVSLAVA as the signal sufficient for recognition and efficient protein degradation by ClpP1P2. Interestingly, accumulation of ClgR appears to be toxic for bacilli, suggesting a mechanism for how pharmacological inhibition of ClpP1P2 protease activity by bortezomib translates into whole-cell antibacterial activity. IMPORTANCE With 9 million new cases and more than 1 million deaths per year, tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the biggest infectious disease killer globally. New drugs for the treatment of the drug-resistant forms of the disease are needed. Recently, a new target -lead couple, the mycobacterial protease ClpP1P2 and the human anticancer drug bortezomib, was identified. However, we know little about how expression of this protease is regulated, which proteins in the bacterium it degrades, how the protease recognizes its target proteins, and how the inhibition of ClpP1P2 exerts whole-cell antimicrobial activity. Here, we show that the ClpP1P2 protease regulates its own expression, and we identified a new substrate and a new substrate recognition sequence and a mechanism for how ClpP1P2 inhibition causes bacterial growth inhibition.
28317028	0	13	Mycobacterial	T007	C0026912
28317028	14	50	Caseinolytic Protease Gene Regulator	T116,T123	C1336776
28317028	51	55	ClgR	T116,T123	C1336776
28317028	61	70	Substrate	T167	C3891814
28317028	74	95	Caseinolytic Protease	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	100	113	mycobacterial	T007	C0026912
28317028	114	135	caseinolytic protease	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	136	143	ClpP1P2	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	149	169	degradative protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28317028	205	216	genetically	T169	C0314603
28317028	221	238	pharmacologically	T169	C0205464
28317028	249	253	drug	T121	C0013227
28317028	254	260	target	T169	C1521840
28317028	265	277	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
28317028	307	314	ClpP1P2	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	315	324	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28317028	330	335	human	T016	C0086418
28317028	336	356	proteasome inhibitor	T121	C1443643
28317028	357	367	bortezomib	T109,T121	C1176309
28317028	398	410	optimization	T052	C2698650
28317028	444	453	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28317028	454	460	target	T169	C1521840
28317028	466	476	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28317028	480	487	ClpP1P2	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	515	537	antimicrobial activity	T044	C1149574
28317028	593	629	caseinolytic protease gene regulator	T116,T123	C1336776
28317028	630	634	ClgR	T116,T123	C1336776
28317028	641	650	activator	T045	C0599555
28317028	658	671	clpP1P2 genes	T028	C1335528
28317028	701	721	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28317028	731	740	substrate	T167	C3891814
28317028	748	756	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28317028	774	782	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28317028	783	791	activity	T052	C0441655
28317028	806	836	direct mRNA level measurements	T034	C1254360
28317028	850	860	bortezomib	T109,T121	C1176309
28317028	861	870	treatment	T169	C1522326
28317028	874	897	Mycobacterium bovis BCG	T007	C0085957
28317028	898	907	increased	T081	C0205217
28317028	908	921	transcription	T045	C0040649
28317028	925	932	clpP1P2	T028	C1335528
28317028	943	947	ClgR	T116,T123	C1336776
28317028	950	959	dependent	T169	C3244310
28317028	960	969	promoters	T114,T123	C0086860
28317028	987	997	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28317028	1001	1008	ClpP1P2	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	1009	1018	increases	T169	C0442805
28317028	1019	1027	cellular	T025	C0007634
28317028	1028	1032	ClgR	T116,T123	C1336776
28317028	1033	1039	levels	T080	C0441889
28317028	1062	1085	red fluorescent protein	T116	C0960938
28317028	1088	1092	ClgR	T116,T123	C1336776
28317028	1093	1099	fusion	T061	C1293131
28317028	1100	1108	analyses	T062	C0936012
28317028	1122	1126	ClgR	T116,T123	C1336776
28317028	1139	1148	substrate	T167	C3891814
28317028	1152	1159	ClpP1P2	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	1167	1175	identify	T080	C0205396
28317028	1176	1182	ClgR's	T116,T123	C1336776
28317028	1183	1215	C-terminal nonapeptide APVVSLAVA	T116	C0030956
28317028	1223	1229	signal	T067	C1710082
28317028	1245	1256	recognition	T044	C0599844
28317028	1261	1270	efficient	T080	C0442799
28317028	1271	1290	protein degradation	T044	C0597304
28317028	1294	1301	ClpP1P2	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	1318	1330	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28317028	1334	1338	ClgR	T116,T123	C1336776
28317028	1353	1358	toxic	T080	C1407029
28317028	1363	1370	bacilli	T007	C0004587
28317028	1385	1394	mechanism	T044	C3537153
28317028	1403	1418	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28317028	1419	1429	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28317028	1433	1449	ClpP1P2 protease	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	1450	1458	activity	T044	C0243102
28317028	1462	1472	bortezomib	T109,T121	C1176309
28317028	1500	1522	antibacterial activity	T044	C1149575
28317028	1554	1559	cases	T077	C1706256
28317028	1584	1590	deaths	T033	C1306577
28317028	1591	1599	per year	T079	C0439508
28317028	1601	1613	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
28317028	1625	1651	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28317028	1668	1686	infectious disease	T047	C0009450
28317028	1708	1713	drugs	T121	C0013227
28317028	1722	1731	treatment	T169	C1522326
28317028	1739	1759	drug-resistant forms	T080	C0205556
28317028	1767	1774	disease	T047	C0012634
28317028	1803	1809	target	T169	C1521840
28317028	1828	1841	mycobacterial	T007	C0026912
28317028	1842	1850	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28317028	1851	1858	ClpP1P2	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	1867	1872	human	T016	C0086418
28317028	1873	1888	anticancer drug	T109,T121	C0003392
28317028	1889	1899	bortezomib	T109,T121	C1176309
28317028	1905	1915	identified	T080	C0205396
28317028	1951	1961	expression	T045	C1171362
28317028	1970	1978	protease	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	1982	1991	regulated	T045	C2755857
28317028	1999	2007	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28317028	2015	2024	bacterium	T007	C0004611
28317028	2028	2036	degrades	T044	C0597304
28317028	2046	2054	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28317028	2070	2076	target	T169	C1521840
28317028	2077	2085	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28317028	2099	2109	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28317028	2113	2120	ClpP1P2	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	2139	2161	antimicrobial activity	T044	C1149574
28317028	2186	2202	ClpP1P2 protease	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	2203	2212	regulates	T045	C2755857
28317028	2221	2231	expression	T045	C1171362
28317028	2240	2250	identified	T080	C0205396
28317028	2257	2266	substrate	T167	C3891814
28317028	2277	2286	substrate	T167	C3891814
28317028	2287	2307	recognition sequence	T087	C0002518
28317028	2314	2323	mechanism	T044	C3537153
28317028	2332	2339	ClpP1P2	T116,T126	C0052605
28317028	2340	2350	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28317028	2358	2367	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28317028	2368	2385	growth inhibition	T040	C2249823

28317716|t|A nano-delivery system for bioactive ingredients using supercritical carbon dioxide and its release behaviors
28317716|a|For the purpose of ensuring the bioavailability of bioactive ingredients, a nano-delivery system with low toxicity was developed using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC - CO2). Compared to thin-film hydration (TFH), obtaining nano-scale liposomes is easier using SC - CO2. The characteristic of these liposomes was also demonstrated by the analysis of particle size and morphology. An in vitro release study showed that liposomes produced using SC - CO2 were resistant to low pH in simulated gastric conditions. In a simulated intestinal environment, enteric solubility of these liposomes was enhanced, which are important properties for controlled releasing bioactive ingredient. Furthermore, SC - CO2 -produced liposomes had a higher storage stability than those produced using TFH. Analysis of the organic solvent residue in the liposomes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) indicated that SC - CO2 -produced liposomes had lower toxicity than those produced by TFH. A chemical free nano-delivery system using SC - CO2 has been revealed for storage and controlled release of bioactive ingredients.
28317716	2	22	nano-delivery system	T169	C0449914
28317716	27	48	bioactive ingredients	T167	C3714412
28317716	55	68	supercritical	T080	C0205556
28317716	69	83	carbon dioxide	T123,T197	C0007012
28317716	92	109	release behaviors	T169	C0391871
28317716	118	125	purpose	T169	C1285529
28317716	142	157	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
28317716	161	182	bioactive ingredients	T167	C3714412
28317716	186	206	nano-delivery system	T169	C0449914
28317716	212	215	low	T080	C0205251
28317716	216	224	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28317716	245	258	supercritical	T080	C0205556
28317716	259	273	carbon dioxide	T123,T197	C0007012
28317716	275	277	SC	T080	C0205556
28317716	280	283	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28317716	286	294	Compared	T052	C1707455
28317716	298	317	thin-film hydration	T059	C0022885
28317716	319	322	TFH	T059	C0022885
28317716	335	345	nano-scale	T082	C1254362
28317716	346	355	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28317716	372	374	SC	T080	C0205556
28317716	377	380	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28317716	386	400	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28317716	410	419	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28317716	449	457	analysis	T062	C0936012
28317716	461	474	particle size	T081	C0030608
28317716	479	489	morphology	T080	C0332437
28317716	494	502	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28317716	503	510	release	T061	C1963578
28317716	511	516	study	T062	C2603343
28317716	529	538	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28317716	554	556	SC	T080	C0205556
28317716	559	562	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28317716	568	577	resistant	T169	C0332325
28317716	581	584	low	T080	C0205251
28317716	585	587	pH	T081	C0020283
28317716	591	600	simulated	T080	C0205556
28317716	601	608	gastric	T080	C1704242
28317716	609	619	conditions	T080	C0348080
28317716	626	635	simulated	T080	C0205556
28317716	636	646	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28317716	647	658	environment	T030	C0229984
28317716	660	667	enteric	T082	C1304890
28317716	668	678	solubility	T080	C0037628
28317716	688	697	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28317716	702	710	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28317716	722	731	important	T080	C3898777
28317716	732	742	properties	T080	C0871161
28317716	747	767	controlled releasing	T079	C0868939
28317716	768	788	bioactive ingredient	T167	C3714412
28317716	803	805	SC	T080	C0205556
28317716	808	811	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28317716	822	831	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28317716	838	844	higher	T080	C0205250
28317716	845	862	storage stability	T033	C0243095
28317716	889	892	TFH	T059	C0022885
28317716	894	902	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28317716	910	917	organic	T080	C0747055
28317716	918	925	solvent	T130	C0037638
28317716	926	933	residue	T077	C1709915
28317716	941	950	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28317716	954	990	gas chromatography-mass spectrometry	T059	C0024868
28317716	992	997	GC-MS	T059	C0024868
28317716	999	1008	indicated	T033	C1444656
28317716	1014	1016	SC	T080	C0205556
28317716	1019	1022	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28317716	1033	1042	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28317716	1047	1052	lower	T080	C0205251
28317716	1053	1061	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28317716	1085	1088	TFH	T059	C0022885
28317716	1092	1105	chemical free	T080	C0205556
28317716	1106	1126	nano-delivery system	T169	C0449914
28317716	1133	1135	SC	T080	C0205556
28317716	1138	1141	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28317716	1151	1159	revealed	T080	C0443289
28317716	1164	1171	storage	T169	C1698986
28317716	1176	1194	controlled release	T079	C0868939
28317716	1198	1219	bioactive ingredients	T167	C3714412

28318092|t|Lycopene and risk of cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis of observational studies
28318092|a|The aim of current meta-analysis was to investigate the relation between lycopene and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Studies concerning about the association between lycopene and risk of CVD were searched on Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to October 2016. A total of 14 eligible studies were identified. A significantly inverse association with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.76-0.90) was shown between lycopene exposure and risk of CVD. Findings were similar restricting to dietary studies (RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79-0.96) and biomarker studies (RR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0. 62-0.87). Dietary lycopene intake was statistically significant for coronary heart disease (CHD) (RR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76-0.98) and stroke (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.69-0.96).The pooled risk estimate was generally similar for lycopene biomarker concentrations, but the association was only statistically significant for stroke (RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.42-0.87). Subgroup analyses showed that retrospective and low quality studies were statistically significant sources of heterogeneity. Higher lycopene exposure is inversely associated with a lower risk of CVD. Further well-designed randomized clinical trials are required to assess the role of lycopene on CVD.
28318092	0	8	Lycopene	T109,T121,T123	C0065331
28318092	13	17	risk	T078	C0035647
28318092	21	44	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28318092	48	61	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28318092	65	86	observational studies	T033	C0552617
28318092	106	119	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28318092	127	138	investigate	T169	C1292732
28318092	160	168	lycopene	T109,T121,T123	C0065331
28318092	173	177	risk	T078	C0035647
28318092	181	204	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28318092	206	209	CVD	T047	C0007222
28318092	212	219	Studies	T062	C2603343
28318092	261	269	lycopene	T109,T121,T123	C0065331
28318092	274	278	risk	T078	C0035647
28318092	282	285	CVD	T047	C0007222
28318092	303	309	Pubmed	T170	C1138432
28318092	311	317	Embase	T170	C0282574
28318092	323	337	Web of Science	T170	C0282574
28318092	384	400	eligible studies	T062	C2603343
28318092	406	416	identified	T080	C0205396
28318092	434	453	inverse association	T077	C1708567
28318092	468	478	risk ratio	T081	C0242492
28318092	480	482	RR	T081	C0242492
28318092	497	499	CI	T081	C0009667
28318092	530	538	lycopene	T109,T121,T123	C0065331
28318092	539	547	exposure	T080	C0332157
28318092	552	556	risk	T078	C0035647
28318092	560	563	CVD	T047	C0007222
28318092	565	573	Findings	T033	C0243095
28318092	602	609	dietary	T168	C0012155
28318092	610	617	studies	T062	C2603343
28318092	619	621	RR	T081	C0242492
28318092	634	636	CI	T081	C0009667
28318092	654	663	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28318092	664	671	studies	T062	C2603343
28318092	673	675	RR	T081	C0242492
28318092	688	690	CI	T081	C0009667
28318092	706	713	Dietary	T168	C0012155
28318092	714	722	lycopene	T109,T121,T123	C0065331
28318092	723	729	intake	T169	C1512806
28318092	734	759	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28318092	764	786	coronary heart disease	T047	C0010068
28318092	788	791	CHD	T047	C0010068
28318092	794	796	RR	T081	C0242492
28318092	808	810	CI	T081	C0009667
28318092	827	833	stroke	T047	C0038454
28318092	835	837	RR	T081	C0242492
28318092	849	851	CI	T081	C0009667
28318092	875	888	risk estimate	T081	C1519101
28318092	915	923	lycopene	T109,T121,T123	C0065331
28318092	924	933	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28318092	979	1004	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28318092	1009	1015	stroke	T047	C0038454
28318092	1017	1019	RR	T081	C0242492
28318092	1031	1033	CI	T081	C0009667
28318092	1047	1055	Subgroup	T185	C1515021
28318092	1056	1064	analyses	T062	C0936012
28318092	1077	1090	retrospective	T062	C0035363
28318092	1107	1114	studies	T062	C2603343
28318092	1120	1145	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28318092	1157	1170	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28318092	1179	1187	lycopene	T109,T121,T123	C0065331
28318092	1188	1196	exposure	T080	C0332157
28318092	1200	1220	inversely associated	T077	C1708567
28318092	1234	1238	risk	T078	C0035647
28318092	1242	1245	CVD	T047	C0007222
28318092	1269	1295	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28318092	1331	1339	lycopene	T109,T121,T123	C0065331
28318092	1343	1346	CVD	T047	C0007222

28318300|t|Bacteria from Wheat and Cucurbit Plant Roots Metabolize PAHs and Aromatic Root Exudates: Implications for Rhizodegradation
28318300|a|The chemical interaction between plants and bacteria in the root zone can lead to soil decontamination. Bacteria which degrade PAHs have been isolated from the rhizospheres of plant species with varied biological traits, however, it is not known what phytochemicals promote contaminant degradation. One monocot and two dicotyledon plants were grown in PAH - contaminated soil from a manufactured gas plant (MGP) site. A phytotoxicity assay confirmed greater soil decontamination in rhizospheres when compared to bulk soil controls. Bacteria were isolated from plant roots (rhizobacteria) and selected for growth on anthracene and chrysene on PAH - amended plates. Rhizosphere isolates metabolized 3- and 4-ring PAHs and PAH catabolic intermediates in liquid incubations. Aromatic root exudate compounds, namely flavonoids and simple phenols, were also substrates for isolated rhizobacteria. In particular, the phenolic compounds - morin, caffeic acid, and protocatechuic acid - appear to be linked to bacterial degradation of 3- and 4- ring PAHs in the rhizosphere.
28318300	0	8	Bacteria	T007	C0004611
28318300	14	19	Wheat	T002	C1123020
28318300	24	32	Cucurbit	T002	C0446254
28318300	33	44	Plant Roots	T002	C0242726
28318300	45	55	Metabolize	T040	C0025519
28318300	56	60	PAHs	T109	C0032458
28318300	65	73	Aromatic	T109	C0020245
28318300	74	78	Root	T002	C0242726
28318300	79	87	Exudates	T167	C1720935
28318300	89	101	Implications	T078	C0392360
28318300	106	122	Rhizodegradation	T069	C1720751
28318300	127	147	chemical interaction	T070	C1537001
28318300	156	162	plants	T002	C0032098
28318300	167	175	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28318300	183	187	root	T002	C0242726
28318300	188	192	zone	T082	C1710706
28318300	205	209	soil	T167	C0037592
28318300	210	225	decontamination	T169	C0205245
28318300	227	235	Bacteria	T007	C0004611
28318300	242	249	degrade	T169	C0243125
28318300	250	254	PAHs	T109	C0032458
28318300	265	273	isolated	T169	C0205409
28318300	283	295	rhizospheres	T070	C2936389
28318300	299	304	plant	T002	C0032098
28318300	305	312	species	T185	C1705920
28318300	325	335	biological	T080	C0205460
28318300	336	342	traits	T032	C0599883
28318300	374	388	phytochemicals	T109,T123	C0577749
28318300	397	408	contaminant	T167	C2827365
28318300	409	420	degradation	T169	C0243125
28318300	426	433	monocot	T002	C0032098
28318300	442	460	dicotyledon plants	T002	C0032098
28318300	466	471	grown	T040	C0597252
28318300	475	478	PAH	T109	C0032458
28318300	481	493	contaminated	T169	C0205279
28318300	494	498	soil	T167	C0037592
28318300	506	528	manufactured gas plant	T073	C3273359
28318300	530	533	MGP	T073	C3273359
28318300	535	539	site	T082	C0205145
28318300	543	562	phytotoxicity assay	T059	C0005507
28318300	581	585	soil	T167	C0037592
28318300	586	601	decontamination	T169	C0205245
28318300	605	617	rhizospheres	T070	C2936389
28318300	623	631	compared	T052	C1707455
28318300	640	644	soil	T167	C0037592
28318300	645	653	controls	T169	C2587213
28318300	655	663	Bacteria	T007	C0004611
28318300	669	677	isolated	T169	C0205409
28318300	683	694	plant roots	T002	C0242726
28318300	696	709	rhizobacteria	T007	C0004611
28318300	715	723	selected	T052	C1707391
28318300	728	734	growth	T040	C0018270
28318300	738	748	anthracene	T109,T130	C0003162
28318300	753	761	chrysene	T109	C0055655
28318300	765	768	PAH	T109	C0032458
28318300	771	778	amended	T080	C1691222
28318300	779	785	plates	T074	C1139067
28318300	787	798	Rhizosphere	T070	C2936389
28318300	799	807	isolates	T123	C1764827
28318300	808	819	metabolized	T040	C0025519
28318300	834	838	PAHs	T109	C0032458
28318300	843	846	PAH	T109	C0032458
28318300	847	856	catabolic	T169	C0311402
28318300	874	892	liquid incubations	T059	C1439852
28318300	894	902	Aromatic	T109	C0020245
28318300	903	907	root	T002	C0242726
28318300	908	925	exudate compounds	T167	C1720935
28318300	934	944	flavonoids	T109	C0596577
28318300	949	963	simple phenols	T109,T121	C0031428
28318300	975	985	substrates	T167	C3891814
28318300	990	998	isolated	T169	C0205409
28318300	999	1012	rhizobacteria	T007	C0004611
28318300	1033	1051	phenolic compounds	T109,T121	C0031428
28318300	1054	1059	morin	T109,T121	C0066801
28318300	1061	1073	caffeic acid	T109,T121	C0054433
28318300	1079	1098	protocatechuic acid	T109,T121	C0072489
28318300	1124	1133	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28318300	1134	1145	degradation	T169	C0243125
28318300	1164	1168	PAHs	T109	C0032458
28318300	1176	1187	rhizosphere	T070	C2936389

28318461|t|The Event Chain of Survival in the Context of Music Festivals: A Framework for Improving Outcomes at Major Planned Events
28318461|a|Despite the best efforts of event producers and on-site medical teams, there are sometimes serious illnesses, life-threatening injuries, and fatalities related to music festival attendance. Producers, clinicians, and researchers are actively seeking ways to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with these events. After analyzing the available literature on music festival health and safety, several major themes emerged. Principally, stakeholder groups planning in isolation from one another (ie, in silos) create fragmentation, gaps, and overlap in plans for major planned events (MPEs). The authors hypothesized that one approach to minimizing this fragmentation may be to create a framework to "connect the dots," or join together the many silos of professionals responsible for safety, security, health, and emergency planning at MPEs. Adapted from the well-established literature regarding the management of cardiac arrests, both in and out of hospital, the " chain of survival " concept is applied to the disparate groups providing services that support event safety in the context of music festivals. The authors propose this framework for describing, understanding, coordinating and planning around the integration of safety, security, health, and emergency service for events. The adapted Event Chain of Survival contains six interdependent links, including: (1) event producers; (2) police and security; (3) festival health; (4) on-site medical services; (5) ambulance services; and (6) off-site medical services. The authors argue that adapting and applying this framework in the context of MPEs in general, and music festivals specifically, has the potential to break down the current disconnected approach to event safety, security, health, and emergency planning. It offers a means of shifting the focus from a purely reactive stance to a more proactive, collaborative, and integrated approach. Improving health outcomes for music festival attendees, reducing gaps in planning, promoting consistency, and improving efficiency by reducing duplication of services will ultimately require coordination and collaboration from the beginning of event production to post-event reporting. Lund A, Turris SA. The Event Chain of Survival in the context of music festivals: a framework for improving outcomes at major planned events. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(4):1-7.
28318461	4	9	Event	T051	C0441471
28318461	10	27	Chain of Survival	T169	C0220921
28318461	35	42	Context	T078	C0449255
28318461	46	51	Music	T170	C0026867
28318461	52	61	Festivals	T052	C0015922
28318461	65	74	Framework	T077	C1254372
28318461	89	97	Outcomes	T170	C1550208
28318461	101	121	Major Planned Events	T051	C0441471
28318461	150	155	event	T051	C0441471
28318461	156	165	producers	T097	C0335088
28318461	170	191	on-site medical teams	T058	C0086390
28318461	221	230	illnesses	T184	C0221423
28318461	232	248	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
28318461	249	257	injuries	T037	C3263723
28318461	263	273	fatalities	T080	C0205556
28318461	285	290	music	T170	C0026867
28318461	291	299	festival	T052	C0015922
28318461	300	310	attendance	T052	C2827364
28318461	312	321	Producers	T097	C0335088
28318461	323	333	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28318461	339	350	researchers	T097	C0687734
28318461	391	400	mortality	T081	C0205848
28318461	405	414	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28318461	415	430	associated with	T080	C0332281
28318461	437	443	events	T051	C0441471
28318461	475	485	literature	T170	C0023866
28318461	489	494	music	T170	C0026867
28318461	495	503	festival	T052	C0015922
28318461	504	510	health	T078	C0018684
28318461	515	521	safety	T068	C0036043
28318461	566	584	stakeholder groups	T078	C0441833
28318461	585	593	planning	T169	C1301732
28318461	597	606	isolation	T169	C0205409
28318461	646	659	fragmentation	T080	C0205556
28318461	661	665	gaps	T080	C0205556
28318461	671	678	overlap	T079	C1948020
28318461	682	687	plans	T057	C0680834
28318461	692	712	major planned events	T051	C0441471
28318461	714	718	MPEs	T051	C0441471
28318461	725	732	authors	T097	C3812881
28318461	783	796	fragmentation	T080	C0205556
28318461	816	825	framework	T077	C1254372
28318461	884	897	professionals	T097	C0679924
28318461	914	920	safety	T068	C0036043
28318461	922	930	security	T077	C1519222
28318461	932	938	health	T078	C0018684
28318461	944	953	emergency	T067	C0013956
28318461	954	962	planning	T169	C1301732
28318461	966	970	MPEs	T051	C0441471
28318461	1006	1016	literature	T170	C0023866
28318461	1031	1041	management	T058	C0376636
28318461	1045	1089	cardiac arrests, both in and out of hospital	T046	C2936490
28318461	1097	1114	chain of survival	T169	C0220921
28318461	1143	1159	disparate groups	T078	C0441833
28318461	1170	1178	services	T057	C0557854
28318461	1184	1191	support	T077	C1521721
28318461	1192	1197	event	T051	C0441471
28318461	1198	1204	safety	T068	C0036043
28318461	1212	1219	context	T078	C0449255
28318461	1223	1228	music	T170	C0026867
28318461	1229	1238	festivals	T052	C0015922
28318461	1244	1251	authors	T097	C3812881
28318461	1265	1274	framework	T077	C1254372
28318461	1279	1289	describing	T080	C0205556
28318461	1291	1304	understanding	T041	C0162340
28318461	1306	1318	coordinating	T169	C0700114
28318461	1323	1331	planning	T169	C1301732
28318461	1343	1354	integration	T169	C0205245
28318461	1358	1364	safety	T068	C0036043
28318461	1366	1374	security	T077	C1519222
28318461	1376	1382	health	T078	C0018684
28318461	1388	1397	emergency	T067	C0013956
28318461	1398	1405	service	T057	C0557854
28318461	1410	1416	events	T051	C0441471
28318461	1430	1435	Event	T051	C0441471
28318461	1436	1453	Chain of Survival	T169	C0220921
28318461	1467	1487	interdependent links	T077	C1254372
28318461	1504	1509	event	T051	C0441471
28318461	1510	1519	producers	T097	C0335088
28318461	1525	1531	police	T097	C0085098
28318461	1536	1544	security	T077	C1519222
28318461	1550	1558	festival	T052	C0015922
28318461	1559	1565	health	T078	C0018684
28318461	1571	1595	on-site medical services	T058	C0199168
28318461	1601	1619	ambulance services	T074	C0002422
28318461	1629	1654	off-site medical services	T058	C0199168
28318461	1660	1667	authors	T097	C3812881
28318461	1706	1715	framework	T077	C1254372
28318461	1723	1730	context	T078	C0449255
28318461	1734	1738	MPEs	T051	C0441471
28318461	1755	1760	music	T170	C0026867
28318461	1761	1770	festivals	T052	C0015922
28318461	1854	1859	event	T051	C0441471
28318461	1860	1866	safety	T068	C0036043
28318461	1868	1876	security	T077	C1519222
28318461	1878	1884	health	T078	C0018684
28318461	1890	1899	emergency	T067	C0013956
28318461	1900	1908	planning	T169	C1301732
28318461	1990	1999	proactive	T054	C0037397
28318461	2001	2014	collaborative	T054	C0282116
28318461	2020	2039	integrated approach	T054	C0037397
28318461	2051	2066	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
28318461	2071	2076	music	T170	C0026867
28318461	2077	2085	festival	T052	C0015922
28318461	2106	2110	gaps	T080	C0205556
28318461	2114	2122	planning	T169	C1301732
28318461	2134	2145	consistency	T080	C0332529
28318461	2161	2171	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28318461	2184	2195	duplication	T169	C0332597
28318461	2199	2207	services	T057	C0557854
28318461	2232	2244	coordination	T169	C0700114
28318461	2249	2262	collaboration	T054	C0282116
28318461	2285	2290	event	T051	C0441471
28318461	2291	2301	production	T057	C0033268
28318461	2305	2325	post-event reporting	T057	C3242276
28318461	2327	2333	Lund A	T170	C0805191
28318461	2335	2344	Turris SA	T170	C0805191
28318461	2350	2355	Event	T051	C0441471
28318461	2356	2373	Chain of Survival	T169	C0220921
28318461	2381	2388	context	T078	C0449255
28318461	2392	2397	music	T170	C0026867
28318461	2398	2407	festivals	T052	C0015922
28318461	2411	2420	framework	T077	C1254372
28318461	2435	2443	outcomes	T170	C1550208
28318461	2447	2467	major planned events	T051	C0441471

28318799|t|Transcriptome analysis of IL-10 - stimulated (M2c) macrophages by next-generation sequencing
28318799|a|Alternatively activated " M2" macrophages are believed to function during late stages of wound healing, behaving in an anti-inflammatory manner to mediate the resolution of the pro-inflammatory response caused by "M1" macrophages. However, the differences between two main subtypes of M2 macrophages, namely interleukin-4 (IL-4)- stimulated "M2a" macrophages and IL-10- stimulated "M2c" macrophages, are not well understood. M2a macrophages are characterized by their ability to inhibit inflammation and contribute to the stabilization of angiogenesis. However, the role and temporal profile of M2c macrophages in wound healing are not known. Therefore, we performed next generation sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify biological functions and gene expression signatures of macrophages polarized in vitro with IL-10 to the M2c phenotype in comparison to M1 and M2a macrophages and an unactivated control (M0). We then explored the expression of these gene signatures in a publicly available data set of human wound healing. RNA-seq analysis showed that hundreds of genes were upregulated in M2c macrophages compared to the M0 control, with thousands of alternative splicing events. Following validation by Nanostring, 39 genes were found to be upregulated by M2c macrophages compared to the M0 control, and 17 genes were significantly upregulated relative to the M0, M1, and M2a phenotypes (using an adjusted p-value cutoff of 0.05 and fold change cutoff of 1.5). Many of the identified M2c-specific genes are associated with angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, and phagocytosis, including CD163, MMP8, TIMP1, VCAN, SERPINA1, MARCO, PLOD2, PCOCLE2 and F5. Analysis of the macrophage - conditioned media for secretion of matrix-remodeling proteins showed that M2c macrophages secreted higher levels of MMP7, MMP8, and TIMP1 compared to the other phenotypes. Interestingly, temporal gene expression analysis of a publicly available microarray data set of human wound healing showed that M2c-related genes were upregulated at early times after injury, similar to M1-related genes, while M2a-related genes appeared at later stages or were downregulated after injury. While further studies are required to confirm the timing and role of M2c macrophages in vivo, these results suggest that M2c macrophages may function at early stages of wound healing. Identification of markers of the M2c phenotype will allow more detailed investigations into the role of M2c macrophages in vivo.
28318799	0	22	Transcriptome analysis	T059,T063	C0752248
28318799	26	31	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28318799	34	44	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28318799	45	62	(M2c) macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	66	92	next-generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
28318799	107	116	activated	T052	C1879547
28318799	119	134	M2" macrophages	T025	C4086555
28318799	151	159	function	T169	C0542341
28318799	167	178	late stages	T079	C1279941
28318799	182	195	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28318799	212	229	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
28318799	306	322	"M1" macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	366	374	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28318799	378	392	M2 macrophages	T025	C4086555
28318799	423	433	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28318799	434	451	"M2a" macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	463	473	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28318799	474	491	"M2c" macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	518	533	M2a macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	572	579	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28318799	580	592	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318799	615	628	stabilization	T061	C1293130
28318799	632	644	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28318799	668	684	temporal profile	T079	C1254367
28318799	692	703	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	707	720	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28318799	760	786	next generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
28318799	788	795	RNA-seq	T086	C0162327
28318799	809	829	biological functions	T038	C3714634
28318799	834	860	gene expression signatures	T081	C1956267
28318799	864	875	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	886	894	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28318799	900	905	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28318799	917	926	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28318799	944	946	M1	T025	C0024432
28318799	951	966	M2a macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	986	998	control (M0)	T080	C3274648
28318799	1021	1031	expression	T045	C0017262
28318799	1041	1056	gene signatures	T169	C1708225
28318799	1081	1089	data set	T170	C0150098
28318799	1093	1098	human	T016	C0086418
28318799	1099	1112	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28318799	1114	1130	RNA-seq analysis	T059,T063	C0162803
28318799	1155	1160	genes	T028	C0017337
28318799	1155	1160	genes	T028	C0017337
28318799	1166	1177	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28318799	1185	1196	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	1213	1215	M0	T080	C3274648
28318799	1216	1223	control	T080	C3274648
28318799	1243	1263	alternative splicing	T045	C0002345
28318799	1264	1270	events	T051	C0441471
28318799	1282	1306	validation by Nanostring	T062	C1519943
28318799	1311	1316	genes	T028	C0017337
28318799	1334	1345	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28318799	1349	1364	M2c macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	1381	1391	M0 control	T080	C3274648
28318799	1400	1405	genes	T028	C0017337
28318799	1425	1436	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28318799	1469	1479	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28318799	1507	1513	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28318799	1538	1544	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28318799	1566	1576	identified	T080	C0205396
28318799	1590	1595	genes	T028	C0017337
28318799	1600	1615	associated with	T080	C0332281
28318799	1616	1628	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28318799	1653	1665	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28318799	1677	1682	CD163	T028	C1413204
28318799	1684	1688	MMP8	T028	C1417213
28318799	1690	1695	TIMP1	T028	C1367459
28318799	1697	1701	VCAN	T028	C1413763
28318799	1703	1711	SERPINA1	T028	C1418544
28318799	1713	1718	MARCO	T028	C1417032
28318799	1720	1725	PLOD2	T028	C1418652
28318799	1727	1734	PCOCLE2	T028	C1418384
28318799	1739	1741	F5	T028	C1414509
28318799	1759	1769	macrophage	T025	C0024432
28318799	1772	1789	conditioned media	T130	C0162518
28318799	1794	1803	secretion	T038	C0036536
28318799	1825	1833	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28318799	1846	1861	M2c macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	1862	1870	secreted	T038	C0036536
28318799	1871	1877	higher	T080	C0205250
28318799	1878	1884	levels	T080	C0441889
28318799	1888	1892	MMP7	T116,T126	C0166059
28318799	1894	1898	MMP8	T116,T126	C1721358
28318799	1904	1909	TIMP1	T116,T126	C0014442
28318799	1932	1942	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28318799	1968	1992	gene expression analysis	T063	C1880945
28318799	2017	2036	microarray data set	T170	C0150098
28318799	2040	2045	human	T016	C0086418
28318799	2046	2059	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28318799	2084	2089	genes	T028	C0017337
28318799	2095	2106	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28318799	2128	2134	injury	T037	C0178314
28318799	2158	2163	genes	T028	C0017337
28318799	2183	2188	genes	T028	C0017337
28318799	2222	2235	downregulated	T044	C0013081
28318799	2242	2248	injury	T037	C0178314
28318799	2319	2334	M2c macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	2335	2342	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28318799	2371	2386	M2c macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	2391	2399	function	T169	C0542341
28318799	2403	2415	early stages	T079	C2363430
28318799	2419	2432	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28318799	2434	2448	Identification	T080	C0205396
28318799	2452	2459	markers	T201	C0005516
28318799	2471	2480	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28318799	2497	2505	detailed	T080	C1522508
28318799	2538	2553	M2c macrophages	T025	C0024432
28318799	2554	2561	in vivo	T082	C1515655

28318886|t|Airway inflammation phenotype prediction in asthma patients using lung sound analysis with fractional exhaled nitric oxide
28318886|a|We previously reported the results of lung sound analysis in patients with bronchial asthma and demonstrated that the exhalation -to- inhalation sound pressure ratio in the low frequency range between 100 and 200 Hz (E/I LF) was correlated with the presence of airway inflammation and airway obstruction. We classified asthma patients by airway inflammation phenotype using the induced sputum eosinophil and neutrophil ratio and determined whether this phenotype could be predicted using E/I LF and fractional exhaled nitric oxide values. Steroid-naive bronchial asthma patients were classified into four phenotypes, including " Low inflammation " (35 patients), " Eosinophilic type " (58 patients), " Neutrophilic type " (15 patients), and " Mixed type " (15 patients) based on the results of induced sputum examinations. The E/I LF data and FeNO levels were then evaluated for the four phenotype groups; the prediction powers of these two indices were then analyzed for each phenotype. The median E/I LF value was highest in the " Mixed type " and lowest in the " Low inflammation " group. FeNO differentiated between the " Low inflammation " and " Eosinophilic type " groups, " Low inflammation " and " Neutrophilic type " groups, and " Neutrophilic type " and " Mixed type " (p < 0.0001, p = 0.007, and p = 0.04, respectively). E/I LF differentiated between the " Low inflammation " and " Eosinophilic type " groups (p = 0.006). E/I LF could distinguish the " Mixed type " group from the " Low inflammation " and " Eosinophilic type " groups (p = 0.002). A combination of the E/I LF value and FeNO may be useful for the classification of the airway inflammation phenotype in patients with bronchial asthma.
28318886	0	6	Airway	T023	C0458827
28318886	7	19	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318886	20	29	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28318886	30	40	prediction	T078	C0681842
28318886	44	50	asthma	T047	C0004096
28318886	51	59	patients	T101	C0030705
28318886	66	70	lung	T023	C0024109
28318886	71	85	sound analysis	T059	C0022885
28318886	91	122	fractional exhaled nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C3700245
28318886	161	165	lung	T023	C0024109
28318886	166	180	sound analysis	T059	C0022885
28318886	184	192	patients	T101	C0030705
28318886	198	214	bronchial asthma	T047	C0004096
28318886	241	251	exhalation	T040	C0231800
28318886	257	267	inhalation	T040	C0004048
28318886	268	288	sound pressure ratio	T081	C1442095
28318886	296	309	low frequency	T079	C0205213
28318886	340	346	E/I LF	T081	C1442095
28318886	352	362	correlated	T080	C1707520
28318886	384	390	airway	T023	C0458827
28318886	391	403	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318886	408	426	airway obstruction	T047	C0001883
28318886	442	448	asthma	T047	C0004096
28318886	449	457	patients	T101	C0030705
28318886	461	467	airway	T023	C0458827
28318886	468	480	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318886	481	490	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28318886	501	515	induced sputum	T031	C3179346
28318886	516	526	eosinophil	T025	C0014467
28318886	531	541	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
28318886	542	547	ratio	T081	C0456603
28318886	576	585	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28318886	595	604	predicted	T078	C0681842
28318886	611	617	E/I LF	T081	C1442095
28318886	622	653	fractional exhaled nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C3700245
28318886	654	660	values	T080	C0042295
28318886	662	692	Steroid-naive bronchial asthma	T047	C0004096
28318886	693	701	patients	T101	C0030705
28318886	707	717	classified	T185	C0008902
28318886	728	738	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28318886	752	755	Low	T080	C0205251
28318886	756	768	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318886	775	783	patients	T101	C0030705
28318886	788	800	Eosinophilic	T033	C3687252
28318886	801	805	type	T080	C0332307
28318886	812	820	patients	T101	C0030705
28318886	825	837	Neutrophilic	T046	C0021368
28318886	838	842	type	T080	C0332307
28318886	849	857	patients	T101	C0030705
28318886	866	876	Mixed type	T080	C0332307
28318886	883	891	patients	T101	C0030705
28318886	917	931	induced sputum	T031	C3179346
28318886	932	944	examinations	T058	C0582103
28318886	950	956	E/I LF	T081	C1442095
28318886	957	961	data	T078	C1511726
28318886	966	970	FeNO	T121,T123,T197	C3700245
28318886	971	977	levels	T080	C0441889
28318886	1011	1020	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28318886	1021	1027	groups	T078	C0441833
28318886	1033	1043	prediction	T078	C0681842
28318886	1064	1071	indices	T170	C0918012
28318886	1082	1090	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28318886	1100	1109	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28318886	1115	1121	median	T081	C0876920
28318886	1122	1128	E/I LF	T081	C1442095
28318886	1129	1134	value	T080	C0042295
28318886	1156	1166	Mixed type	T080	C0332307
28318886	1189	1192	Low	T080	C0205251
28318886	1193	1205	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318886	1208	1213	group	T078	C0441833
28318886	1215	1219	FeNO	T121,T123,T197	C3700245
28318886	1249	1252	Low	T080	C0205251
28318886	1253	1265	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318886	1274	1286	Eosinophilic	T033	C3687252
28318886	1287	1291	type	T080	C0332307
28318886	1294	1300	groups	T078	C0441833
28318886	1304	1307	Low	T080	C0205251
28318886	1308	1320	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318886	1329	1341	Neutrophilic	T046	C0021368
28318886	1342	1346	type	T080	C0332307
28318886	1349	1355	groups	T078	C0441833
28318886	1363	1375	Neutrophilic	T046	C0021368
28318886	1376	1380	type	T080	C0332307
28318886	1389	1399	Mixed type	T080	C0332307
28318886	1455	1461	E/I LF	T081	C1442095
28318886	1491	1494	Low	T080	C0205251
28318886	1495	1507	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318886	1516	1528	Eosinophilic	T033	C3687252
28318886	1529	1533	type	T080	C0332307
28318886	1536	1542	groups	T078	C0441833
28318886	1556	1562	E/I LF	T081	C1442095
28318886	1587	1597	Mixed type	T080	C0332307
28318886	1600	1605	group	T078	C0441833
28318886	1617	1620	Low	T080	C0205251
28318886	1621	1633	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318886	1642	1654	Eosinophilic	T033	C3687252
28318886	1655	1659	type	T080	C0332307
28318886	1662	1668	groups	T078	C0441833
28318886	1684	1695	combination	T080	C0205195
28318886	1703	1709	E/I LF	T081	C1442095
28318886	1710	1715	value	T080	C0042295
28318886	1720	1724	FeNO	T121,T123,T197	C3700245
28318886	1747	1761	classification	T185	C0008902
28318886	1769	1775	airway	T023	C0458827
28318886	1776	1788	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28318886	1789	1798	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28318886	1802	1810	patients	T101	C0030705
28318886	1816	1832	bronchial asthma	T047	C0004096

28319277|t|The systematic review and meta-analysis of free flap safety in the elderly patients
28319277|a|Prolonged mean life expectancy gives rise to a more populated and older patient group. With increasing number of cases during the past decades, older patients are regarded as candidates for microsurgical interventions. Whether advanced patient age is an independent risk factor for microsurgical reconstruction is still an ongoing matter of debate. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE databases were screened for combination of the key words " elderly ", " geriatric ", " advanced age ", " free flap ", " microsurgery ", free tissue transfer " by using time limits between 1989 and 2015. According to results of the meta-analysis, there was no significant difference in the flap success rates (P =.39, CI = 0.848 to 2.329) and surgical complication rates (P = .83, CI = 0.792 to 1.163) between the young and elderly patient groups. However, the systemic complication rates (P = .02, CI = 1.468 to 3.572), preoperative ASA scores (P < .0001, CI = 0.342 to 1.078), and mortality rates (P = .03, CI = 2.636 to 9.055) were found to be significantly higher in the elderly patients. Although an increased rate of systemic complications and mortality has been associated with advanced age, our study results showed no significant difference between the flap success rates and surgical complications. A successful reduction in systemic complications would bring the risk level of reconstructive microsurgical interventions of the elderly patient group to the level of the young patient group.
28319277	4	21	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28319277	26	39	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28319277	43	52	free flap	T024	C0441031
28319277	53	59	safety	T068	C0036043
28319277	67	74	elderly	T098	C0001792
28319277	75	83	patients	T101	C0030705
28319277	84	93	Prolonged	T079	C0439590
28319277	94	114	mean life expectancy	T102	C0023671
28319277	150	163	older patient	T101	C0030705
28319277	164	169	group	T078	C0441833
28319277	176	186	increasing	T169	C0442808
28319277	214	218	past	T079	C1444637
28319277	219	226	decades	T081	C2981279
28319277	228	242	older patients	T101	C0030705
28319277	259	269	candidates	T098	C1257890
28319277	274	301	microsurgical interventions	T033	C0549433
28319277	320	331	patient age	T032	C2967152
28319277	350	361	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28319277	366	394	microsurgical reconstruction	T061	C0524865
28319277	437	483	Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials	T170	C0282574
28319277	485	491	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28319277	493	500	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28319277	502	508	CINAHL	T170	C0242356
28319277	513	529	EMBASE databases	T170	C0242356
28319277	579	586	elderly	T098	C0001792
28319277	592	601	geriatric	T080	C1704440
28319277	607	619	advanced age	T032	C0001779
28319277	625	634	free flap	T024	C0441031
28319277	640	652	microsurgery	T061	C0026035
28319277	656	667	free tissue	T024	C0441031
28319277	656	676	free tissue transfer	T061	C0087111
28319277	688	699	time limits	T079	C0332186
28319277	751	764	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28319277	809	813	flap	T024	C0441031
28319277	809	827	flap success rates	T033	C0243095
28319277	862	889	surgical complication rates	T033	C0243095
28319277	933	938	young	T079	C0332239
28319277	943	950	elderly	T098	C0001792
28319277	951	958	patient	T101	C0030705
28319277	959	965	groups	T078	C0441833
28319277	980	1007	systemic complication rates	T033	C0243095
28319277	1040	1063	preoperative ASA scores	T170	C0450990
28319277	1102	1117	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
28319277	1194	1201	elderly	T098	C0001792
28319277	1202	1210	patients	T101	C0030705
28319277	1224	1233	increased	T081	C0205217
28319277	1234	1264	rate of systemic complications	T033	C0243095
28319277	1269	1278	mortality	T081	C0205848
28319277	1288	1303	associated with	T080	C0332281
28319277	1304	1316	advanced age	T032	C0001779
28319277	1381	1385	flap	T024	C0441031
28319277	1381	1399	flap success rates	T033	C0243095
28319277	1404	1426	surgical complications	T033	C0221082
28319277	1493	1503	risk level	T033	C2923839
28319277	1507	1549	reconstructive microsurgical interventions	T033	C0549433
28319277	1557	1564	elderly	T098	C0001792
28319277	1565	1572	patient	T101	C0030705
28319277	1573	1578	group	T078	C0441833
28319277	1586	1591	level	T080	C0441889
28319277	1599	1604	young	T079	C0332239
28319277	1605	1612	patient	T101	C0030705
28319277	1613	1618	group	T078	C0441833

28319438|t|Systemic Deregulation of Autophagy Upon Loss of ALS - and FTD -linked C9orf72
28319438|a|A genetic mutation in the C9orf72 gene causes the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The C9orf72 protein, predicted to be a DENN-family protein, is reduced in ALS and FTD, but its functions remain poorly understood. Using a 3110043O21Rik / C9orf72 knockout mouse model, as well as cellular analysis, we have found that loss of C9orf72 causes alterations in the signaling states of central autophagy regulators. In particular, C9orf72 depletion leads to reduced activity of MTOR, a negative regulator of macroautophagy / autophagy, and concomitantly increased TFEB levels and nuclear translocation. Consistent with these alterations, cells exhibit enlarged lysosomal compartments and enhanced autophagic flux. Loss of the C9orf72 interaction partner SMCR8 results in similar phenotypes. Our findings suggest that C9orf72 functions as a potent negative regulator of autophagy, with a central role in coupling the cellular metabolic state with autophagy regulation. We thus propose C9orf72 as a fundamental component of autophagy signaling with implications in basic cell physiology and pathophysiology, including neurodegeneration.
28319438	0	8	Systemic	T169	C0205373
28319438	9	21	Deregulation	T052	C1880287
28319438	25	34	Autophagy	T043	C0004391
28319438	48	51	ALS	T047	C0002736
28319438	58	61	FTD	T047	C0338451
28319438	70	77	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
28319438	80	96	genetic mutation	T045	C0026882
28319438	104	116	C9orf72 gene	T028	C1428691
28319438	149	175	neurodegenerative diseases	T047	C0524851
28319438	176	205	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	T047	C0002736
28319438	207	210	ALS	T047	C0002736
28319438	216	239	frontotemporal dementia	T047	C0338451
28319438	241	244	FTD	T047	C0338451
28319438	251	266	C9orf72 protein	T116,T123	C3252868
28319438	286	305	DENN-family protein	T116,T123	C1449072
28319438	321	324	ALS	T047	C0002736
28319438	329	332	FTD	T047	C0338451
28319438	342	351	functions	T169	C0542341
28319438	386	399	3110043O21Rik	T028	C1335144
28319438	402	409	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
28319438	410	424	knockout mouse	T015	C0206745
28319438	425	430	model	T050	C2986594
28319438	443	451	cellular	T025	C0007634
28319438	452	460	analysis	T062	C0936012
28319438	489	496	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
28319438	504	532	alterations in the signaling	T043	C1519310
28319438	551	560	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28319438	561	571	regulators	T077	C1704735
28319438	588	595	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
28319438	596	605	depletion	T169	C0333668
28319438	623	631	activity	T044	C1537044
28319438	635	639	MTOR	T116,T126	C1453984
28319438	652	661	regulator	T077	C1704735
28319438	665	679	macroautophagy	T043	C1155604
28319438	682	691	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28319438	697	710	concomitantly	T079	C0521115
28319438	721	725	TFEB	T116,T123	C1435664
28319438	737	758	nuclear translocation	T044	C1518440
28319438	782	793	alterations	T043	C1519310
28319438	795	800	cells	T025	C0007634
28319438	809	817	enlarged	T080	C0442800
28319438	818	840	lysosomal compartments	T030	C2330755
28319438	854	864	autophagic	T026	C3887595
28319438	865	869	flux	T070	C2348693
28319438	883	890	C9orf72	T028	C1428691
28319438	891	902	interaction	T045	C0596610
28319438	911	916	SMCR8	T028	C1425178
28319438	936	946	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28319438	952	960	findings	T033	C0243095
28319438	974	981	C9orf72	T116,T126	C4277284
28319438	982	991	functions	T169	C0542341
28319438	1004	1012	negative	T033	C0205160
28319438	1013	1022	regulator	T077	C1704735
28319438	1026	1035	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28319438	1073	1097	cellular metabolic state	T043	C1524026
28319438	1103	1123	autophagy regulation	T043	C2265640
28319438	1141	1148	C9orf72	T116,T126	C4277284
28319438	1179	1188	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28319438	1189	1198	signaling	T038	C3537152
28319438	1226	1241	cell physiology	T043	C0007613
28319438	1246	1261	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28319438	1273	1290	neurodegeneration	T049	C0027746

28319455|t|Joint model imputation to estimate the treatment effect on long-term survival using auxiliary events
28319455|a|Clinical trial duration may be a concern in clinical research, especially in cancer trials where the endpoint is overall survival. A surrogate endpoint can be used as an auxiliary variable to analyze the treatment effect earlier. At an early time point, the high number of censored observations can be compensated by the imputation of the unobserved deaths times. We propose to use predictions of the risk of death from a joint model for a recurrent event and a terminal event, which account for disease relapse information. Two imputation methods were compared: sampling from the estimated parametric distribution of the survival time and sampling using its nonparametric estimation. The treatment effect and its standard error were estimated via multiple imputations. The performances of the two methods were compared in terms of bias in the estimates, standard errors, and coverage probability. Both methods were then retrospectively applied to two randomized clinical trials studying the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
28319455	0	22	Joint model imputation	T081	C2825511
28319455	26	34	estimate	T081	C0750572
28319455	39	55	treatment effect	T033	C1518681
28319455	59	68	long-term	T079	C0443252
28319455	69	77	survival	T052	C0038952
28319455	84	100	auxiliary events	T051	C0441471
28319455	101	115	Clinical trial	T062	C0008976
28319455	116	124	duration	T079	C0449238
28319455	145	162	clinical research	T062	C0008972
28319455	178	191	cancer trials	T062	C1516640
28319455	202	210	endpoint	T201	C2347784
28319455	214	230	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28319455	234	252	surrogate endpoint	T080	C0162488
28319455	271	289	auxiliary variable	T080	C0439828
28319455	293	300	analyze	T062	C0936012
28319455	305	321	treatment effect	T033	C1518681
28319455	374	382	censored	T052	C3889994
28319455	383	395	observations	T062	C0302523
28319455	403	414	compensated	T080	C0205432
28319455	422	432	imputation	T081	C2825511
28319455	440	450	unobserved	T033	C0243095
28319455	451	457	deaths	T033	C1306577
28319455	483	494	predictions	T078	C0681842
28319455	502	506	risk	T078	C0035647
28319455	510	515	death	T040	C0011065
28319455	523	534	joint model	T081	C2825511
28319455	541	550	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28319455	551	556	event	T051	C0441471
28319455	563	571	terminal	T080	C0205088
28319455	572	577	event	T051	C0441471
28319455	597	612	disease relapse	T047	C0277556
28319455	613	624	information	T078	C1533716
28319455	630	648	imputation methods	T081	C2825511
28319455	654	662	compared	T052	C1707455
28319455	664	672	sampling	T062,T170	C0036150
28319455	682	715	estimated parametric distribution	T081	C0392762
28319455	723	736	survival time	T201	C2919552
28319455	741	749	sampling	T062,T170	C0036150
28319455	760	784	nonparametric estimation	T081	C0242932
28319455	790	806	treatment effect	T033	C1518681
28319455	815	829	standard error	T081	C1710181
28319455	835	844	estimated	T081	C0750572
28319455	849	869	multiple imputations	T081	C2825511
28319455	875	887	performances	T052	C1882330
28319455	899	906	methods	T170	C0025663
28319455	912	920	compared	T052	C1707455
28319455	933	937	bias	T078	C0242568
28319455	945	954	estimates	T081	C0750572
28319455	956	971	standard errors	T081	C1710181
28319455	977	985	coverage	T052	C2700387
28319455	986	997	probability	T081	C0033204
28319455	1004	1011	methods	T170	C0025663
28319455	1022	1037	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28319455	1038	1045	applied	T169	C4048755
28319455	1053	1079	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28319455	1093	1099	effect	T080	C1280500
28319455	1103	1111	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
28319455	1112	1124	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28319455	1128	1141	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28319455	1142	1150	patients	T101	C0030705

28319502|t|Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis With Pitting Edema: Appearance on FDG PET/CT
28319502|a|Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema (RS3PE) is a rare condition in the elderly and can appear as a first presentation of various types of rheumatic and malignant diseases. We presented a 62- year -old man with the diagnosis of RS3PE based on the clinical sign and laboratory data. Because of the possibility of associated malignancies in RS3PE, FDG PET/CT was performed to exclude occult tumors. The images showed multiple, symmetrically, diffusely increased F-FDG uptake in the soft tissue around joints and bones in the shoulders, hips, knees, and ankles.
28319502	0	63	Remitting Seronegative Symmetrical Synovitis With Pitting Edema	T047	C2919482
28319502	79	89	FDG PET/CT	T060	C4271885
28319502	90	153	Remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema	T047	C2919482
28319502	155	160	RS3PE	T047	C2919482
28319502	167	181	rare condition	T047	C0678236
28319502	189	196	elderly	T098	C0001792
28319502	247	252	types	T080	C0332307
28319502	256	265	rheumatic	T047	C0035435
28319502	270	288	malignant diseases	T047	C0442867
28319502	309	313	year	T079	C0439234
28319502	319	322	man	T098	C0025266
28319502	332	341	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28319502	345	350	RS3PE	T047	C2919482
28319502	364	377	clinical sign	T184	C0037088
28319502	382	397	laboratory data	T078	C1705214
28319502	440	452	malignancies	T191	C0006826
28319502	456	461	RS3PE	T047	C2919482
28319502	463	473	FDG PET/CT	T060	C4271885
28319502	499	512	occult tumors	T191	C0027667
28319502	518	524	images	T170	C1704254
28319502	532	540	multiple	T081	C0439064
28319502	542	555	symmetrically	T033	C0332516
28319502	557	566	diffusely	T082	C0205219
28319502	567	576	increased	T081	C0205217
28319502	577	582	F-FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
28319502	583	589	uptake	T039	C0243144
28319502	597	608	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28319502	616	622	joints	T030	C0022417
28319502	627	632	bones	T023	C0262950
28319502	640	649	shoulders	T029	C0037004
28319502	651	655	hips	T023	C0019552
28319502	657	662	knees	T023	C0022742
28319502	668	674	ankles	T029	C0003086

28319640|t|The Corneal Epithelial Barrier and Its Developmental Role in Isolating Corneal Epithelial and Conjunctival Cells From One Another
28319640|a|During development, the corneal epithelium (CE) and the conjunctiva are derived from the surface ectoderm. Here we have examined how, during development, the cells of these two issues become isolated from each other. Epithelia from the anterior eyes of chicken embryos were labeled with the fluorescent, lipophilic dye, 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI). DiI was placed on the epithelial surface of the developing anterior eye and its diffusion was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Concomitant morphologic changes in the surface cells of these epithelial were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence was used to analyze the expression of cytokeratin K3, ZO-1, N-cadherin and Connexin-43 and the function of gap junctions was analyzed using a cut-loading with the fluorescent dye rhodamine-dextran. Prior to embryonic day 8 (E 8), DiI placed on the surface of the CE spreads throughout all the epithelial cells of the anterior eye. When older eyes were similarly labeled, dye diffusion was restricted to the CE. Similarly, diffusion of DiI placed on the conjunctival surface after E 8 was restricted to the conjunctiva. Scanning electron microscopy showed that developmentally (1) physical separations progressively form between the cells of the CE and those of the conjunctiva, and (2) by E 8 these separations form a ring that completely encompasses the cornea. The functional restriction of gap junctions between these tissues did not occur until E 14. During ocular development, a barrier to the diffusion of DiI forms between the contiguous CE and conjunctiva prior to the differential expression of gap junctions within these tissues.
28319640	4	22	Corneal Epithelial	T025	C1182610
28319640	23	30	Barrier	T033	C1704511
28319640	39	52	Developmental	T080	C0458003
28319640	61	70	Isolating	T169	C0205409
28319640	71	89	Corneal Epithelial	T025	C1182610
28319640	94	112	Conjunctival Cells	T025	C1182611
28319640	137	148	development	T169	C1527148
28319640	154	172	corneal epithelium	T024	C0459875
28319640	174	176	CE	T024	C0459875
28319640	186	197	conjunctiva	T023	C0009758
28319640	219	235	surface ectoderm	T018	C1515087
28319640	250	258	examined	T033	C0332128
28319640	271	282	development	T169	C1527148
28319640	288	293	cells	T025	C0007634
28319640	321	329	isolated	T169	C0205409
28319640	347	356	Epithelia	T024	C0014609
28319640	366	379	anterior eyes	T023	C0003151
28319640	383	398	chicken embryos	T018	C0008046
28319640	404	411	labeled	T130	C1522485
28319640	421	432	fluorescent	T130	C0016320
28319640	434	448	lipophilic dye	T130	C0013343
28319640	450	516	1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate	T109	C2350183
28319640	518	521	DiI	T109	C2350183
28319640	524	527	DiI	T109	C2350183
28319640	546	564	epithelial surface	T026	C2327105
28319640	583	595	anterior eye	T023	C0003151
28319640	604	613	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28319640	631	654	fluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
28319640	668	679	morphologic	T080	C0332437
28319640	680	687	changes	T169	C0392747
28319640	695	728	surface cells of these epithelial	T026	C2327105
28319640	734	742	examined	T033	C0332128
28319640	746	774	scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
28319640	776	794	Immunofluorescence	T059	C0079604
28319640	819	829	expression	T045	C1171362
28319640	833	847	cytokeratin K3	T116,T123	C1313613
28319640	849	853	ZO-1	T116,T123	C3503764
28319640	855	865	N-cadherin	T116,T123	C0027215
28319640	870	881	Connexin-43	T116,T123	C0110613
28319640	890	898	function	T039	C0031843
28319640	902	915	gap junctions	T030	C0206117
28319640	920	928	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28319640	937	948	cut-loading	T081	C0392762
28319640	958	973	fluorescent dye	T130	C0016320
28319640	974	991	rhodamine-dextran	T109,T130	C0073196
28319640	1002	1011	embryonic	T042	C0013936
28319640	1012	1015	day	T079	C0439228
28319640	1019	1020	E	T042	C0013936
28319640	1025	1028	DiI	T109	C2350183
28319640	1043	1050	surface	T082	C0205148
28319640	1058	1060	CE	T024	C0459875
28319640	1061	1068	spreads	T080	C0332261
28319640	1088	1104	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
28319640	1112	1124	anterior eye	T023	C0003151
28319640	1131	1141	older eyes	T023	C0015392
28319640	1157	1164	labeled	T130	C1522485
28319640	1166	1169	dye	T130	C0013343
28319640	1170	1179	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28319640	1184	1194	restricted	T169	C0443288
28319640	1202	1204	CE	T024	C0459875
28319640	1217	1226	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28319640	1230	1233	DiI	T109	C2350183
28319640	1248	1260	conjunctival	T023	C0009758
28319640	1261	1268	surface	T082	C0205148
28319640	1275	1276	E	T042	C0013936
28319640	1283	1293	restricted	T169	C0443288
28319640	1301	1312	conjunctiva	T023	C0009758
28319640	1314	1342	Scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
28319640	1355	1370	developmentally	T169	C1527148
28319640	1375	1395	physical separations	T033	C4060664
28319640	1396	1409	progressively	T169	C0205329
28319640	1427	1432	cells	T025	C1182610
28319640	1440	1442	CE	T024	C0459875
28319640	1460	1471	conjunctiva	T023	C0009758
28319640	1484	1485	E	T042	C0013936
28319640	1494	1505	separations	T169	C0205245
28319640	1513	1517	ring	T023	C0229119
28319640	1550	1556	cornea	T023	C0010031
28319640	1562	1572	functional	T169	C0205245
28319640	1573	1584	restriction	T169	C0443288
28319640	1588	1601	gap junctions	T030	C0206117
28319640	1616	1623	tissues	T024	C0014609
28319640	1632	1637	occur	T052	C1709305
28319640	1644	1645	E	T042	C0013936
28319640	1657	1675	ocular development	T042	C1517080
28319640	1679	1686	barrier	T033	C1704511
28319640	1694	1703	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28319640	1707	1710	DiI	T109	C2350183
28319640	1729	1739	contiguous	T082	C0205283
28319640	1740	1742	CE	T024	C0459875
28319640	1747	1758	conjunctiva	T023	C0009758
28319640	1772	1784	differential	T080	C1705242
28319640	1785	1795	expression	T045	C1171362
28319640	1799	1812	gap junctions	T030	C0206117
28319640	1826	1833	tissues	T024	C0014609

28320521|t|Differential miRNA expression analysis during late stage terminal hindgut development in fetal rats
28320521|a|Terminal hindgut deformity is the leading digestive tract malformation, however, the etiology and pathogenesis remained unknown. To date, gene expression abnormalities were considered the primary cause of these diseases. miRNAs have been found to play an important role in regulating the expression of genes. A total of 24 pregnant rats were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (n=12) received 1% ethylenethiourea (125mg/kg) by gavage on gestational day 11, while the control group (n=12) received the same volume of distilled water. From each group, fetal rats were obtained by cesarean section on gestational day 16. For the extraction of total RNA, 1 cm rectum samples were obtained from four fetal rats that had similar weights. Chip hybridization was conducted after poly(A) and biotin were added to the RNA samples, and this was followed by washing, dyeing, and scanning of the chip. Differences identified in the miRNA expression profiles and the target gene analysis results were further analyzed to identify potential regulators of terminal hindgut development. Compared with the control group, 111 miRNAs expressed in the terminal hindgut of the experimental group were up-regulated on gestational day 16, while 117 miRNAs were down-regulated. The ten miRNAs with the greatest differential expression profiles between the experimental and control samples were selected for target gene prediction, pathway analysis, and gene ontology analysis. A subset of these miRNAs was found to be closely related to rat fetus terminal hindgut growth and development. In addition, target gene analysis showed that miR-193 may have an important role in regulating a key gene in anorectal development, Hoxd13. This role was confirmed in a dual luciferase reporter assay when miR-193 was able to inhibit expression of a reporter gene under the control of the 3' untranslated region of the Hoxd13 gene in the human embryonic kidney cell line, 293T. Real-time PCR and Western blotting experiments further showed that the expression of Hoxd13 was significantly lower when miR-193 was highly expressed in rat intestinal epithelial cells. The differences in both sets of experiments were statistically significant compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). These data support an important regulatory role for miRNAs in the expression of target genes during terminal hindgut development in fetal rats. In particular, miR-193 -mediated inhibition of Hoxd13 was found to be significant in rat intestinal epithelial cells.
28320521	0	12	Differential	T080	C0443199
28320521	13	38	miRNA expression analysis	T063	C1880945
28320521	46	56	late stage	T079	C1279941
28320521	57	65	terminal	T082	C1705315
28320521	66	73	hindgut	T023	C0231053
28320521	74	85	development	T040	C0678723
28320521	89	94	fetal	T033	C0233217
28320521	95	99	rats	T015	C0086893
28320521	100	108	Terminal	T082	C1705315
28320521	109	116	hindgut	T023	C0231053
28320521	117	126	deformity	T190	C0302142
28320521	142	157	digestive tract	T022	C0017189
28320521	158	170	malformation	T019	C1404226
28320521	185	193	etiology	T169	C1314792
28320521	198	210	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28320521	238	267	gene expression abnormalities	T049	C1517478
28320521	288	295	primary	T080	C0205225
28320521	296	301	cause	T169	C0015127
28320521	311	319	diseases	T047	C0012634
28320521	321	327	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28320521	373	407	regulating the expression of genes	T045	C0017263
28320521	423	431	pregnant	T169	C0553641
28320521	432	436	rats	T015	C0086893
28320521	468	474	groups	T098	C1257890
28320521	480	492	experimental	T080	C1517586
28320521	493	498	group	T098	C1257890
28320521	518	534	ethylenethiourea	T109,T131	C0015097
28320521	549	555	gavage	T061	C0041281
28320521	559	570	gestational	T079	C0439671
28320521	571	574	day	T079	C0439228
28320521	589	602	control group	T096	C0009932
28320521	623	634	same volume	T081	C0449468
28320521	638	653	distilled water	T121,T197	C0790233
28320521	665	670	group	T098	C1257890
28320521	672	677	fetal	T033	C0233217
28320521	678	682	rats	T015	C0086893
28320521	700	716	cesarean section	T061	C0007876
28320521	720	731	gestational	T079	C0439671
28320521	732	735	day	T079	C0439228
28320521	748	771	extraction of total RNA	T063	C3839010
28320521	778	792	rectum samples	T031	C3164985
28320521	817	822	fetal	T033	C0233217
28320521	823	827	rats	T015	C0086893
28320521	837	844	similar	T080	C2348205
28320521	845	852	weights	T081	C0043100
28320521	854	858	Chip	T075	C0600596
28320521	859	872	hybridization	T063	C0221902
28320521	893	900	poly(A)	T114	C0032400
28320521	905	911	biotin	T109,T121,T127	C0005575
28320521	930	933	RNA	T114	C0035668
28320521	934	941	samples	T077	C2347026
28320521	968	975	washing	T052	C0441648
28320521	977	983	dyeing	T130	C3826427
28320521	989	997	scanning	T060	C0441633
28320521	1005	1009	chip	T075	C0600596
28320521	1041	1046	miRNA	T028	C2825314
28320521	1047	1066	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
28320521	1075	1081	target	T169	C1521840
28320521	1082	1095	gene analysis	T063	C1880945
28320521	1138	1147	potential	T080	C3245505
28320521	1148	1158	regulators	T077	C1704735
28320521	1162	1170	terminal	T082	C1705315
28320521	1171	1178	hindgut	T023	C0231053
28320521	1179	1190	development	T040	C0678723
28320521	1210	1223	control group	T096	C0009932
28320521	1229	1235	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
28320521	1253	1261	terminal	T082	C1705315
28320521	1262	1269	hindgut	T023	C0231053
28320521	1277	1289	experimental	T080	C1517586
28320521	1290	1295	group	T098	C1257890
28320521	1301	1313	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28320521	1317	1328	gestational	T079	C0439671
28320521	1329	1332	day	T079	C0439228
28320521	1347	1353	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28320521	1359	1373	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
28320521	1383	1389	miRNAs	T028	C2825314
28320521	1408	1420	differential	T080	C0443199
28320521	1421	1440	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
28320521	1453	1465	experimental	T080	C1517586
28320521	1470	1485	control samples	T096	C0009932
28320521	1504	1510	target	T169	C1521840
28320521	1511	1515	gene	T028	C0017337
28320521	1516	1526	prediction	T078	C0681842
28320521	1528	1544	pathway analysis	T170	C0868995
28320521	1550	1572	gene ontology analysis	T170	C1138831
28320521	1576	1582	subset	T185	C1515021
28320521	1592	1598	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28320521	1634	1637	rat	T015	C0086893
28320521	1638	1643	fetus	T018	C0015965
28320521	1644	1652	terminal	T082	C1705315
28320521	1653	1660	hindgut	T023	C0231053
28320521	1661	1667	growth	T040	C1523713
28320521	1672	1683	development	T040	C0678723
28320521	1698	1704	target	T169	C1521840
28320521	1705	1718	gene analysis	T063	C1880945
28320521	1731	1738	miR-193	T114,T123	C3657580
28320521	1769	1790	regulating a key gene	T045	C0017263
28320521	1794	1803	anorectal	T030	C3870603
28320521	1804	1815	development	T040	C0678723
28320521	1817	1823	Hoxd13	T028	C1415687
28320521	1854	1884	dual luciferase reporter assay	T059	C0005507
28320521	1890	1897	miR-193	T114,T123	C3657580
28320521	1910	1917	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28320521	1918	1928	expression	T045	C0017262
28320521	1934	1947	reporter gene	T028	C0206414
28320521	1973	1995	3' untranslated region	T086,T123	C0600600
28320521	2003	2014	Hoxd13 gene	T028	C1415687
28320521	2022	2060	human embryonic kidney cell line, 293T	T025	C2936239
28320521	2062	2075	Real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
28320521	2080	2108	Western blotting experiments	T059,T063	C0005863
28320521	2133	2143	expression	T045	C1171362
28320521	2147	2153	Hoxd13	T116	C3273506
28320521	2158	2177	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28320521	2183	2190	miR-193	T114,T123	C3657580
28320521	2202	2211	expressed	T045	C0017262
28320521	2215	2218	rat	T015	C0086893
28320521	2219	2229	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28320521	2230	2246	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
28320521	2297	2322	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28320521	2341	2349	negative	T033	C0205160
28320521	2350	2363	control group	T096	C0009932
28320521	2380	2384	data	T078	C1511726
28320521	2406	2416	regulatory	T028	C0017362
28320521	2426	2432	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28320521	2440	2450	expression	T045	C0017262
28320521	2454	2460	target	T169	C1521840
28320521	2461	2466	genes	T028	C0017337
28320521	2474	2482	terminal	T082	C1705315
28320521	2483	2490	hindgut	T023	C0231053
28320521	2491	2502	development	T040	C0678723
28320521	2506	2511	fetal	T033	C0233217
28320521	2512	2516	rats	T015	C0086893
28320521	2533	2540	miR-193	T114,T123	C3657580
28320521	2551	2561	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28320521	2565	2571	Hoxd13	T028	C1415687
28320521	2588	2599	significant	T078	C0750502
28320521	2603	2606	rat	T015	C0086893
28320521	2607	2617	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28320521	2618	2634	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597

28320554|t|Pregnancy and Kidney Outcomes in Patients With IgA Nephropathy: A Cohort Study
28320554|a|The outcomes of pregnancy in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) are controversial. This cohort study assessed the effects of pregnancy on kidney disease progression and risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in patients with IgAN. A cohort study. Women of child-bearing age with IgAN and minimum follow-up of 1 year after biopsy from December 2003 to September 2014. Pregnancy, treated as a time-dependent variable; baseline (at time of biopsy) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), proteinuria, blood pressure, and kidney pathology (Oxford MEST classification). Kidney disease progression event, defined as 30% decline in eGFR or end-stage kidney disease; rate of eGFR decline; and adverse pregnancy outcomes, including severe preeclampsia and fetal loss. Of 413 patients enrolled, 266 (64.4%), 101 (24.5%), 40 (9.6%), and 6 (1.5%) had chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. During follow-up, 104 had 116 pregnancies, of which 110 continued beyond week 20; 309 patients did not become pregnant. After adjustment for age, eGFR, mean arterial pressure, proteinuria, and pathology class at the time of biopsy, subsequent pregnancy among patients with CKD stages 3 to 4, but not CKD stages 1 to 2, was associated with faster eGFR decline (-7.44 vs -3.90mL/min/1.73m(2) per year; P=0.007) and increased incidence of kidney progression events (HR, 5.14; 95% CI, 1.16-22.74) compared with patients who did not become pregnant. Relatively small sample size and single-center experience. Pregnancy accelerated kidney disease progression in women with IgAN and CKD stage 3, but not in those at stage 1 or 2.
28320554	0	9	Pregnancy	T033	C0032972
28320554	14	20	Kidney	T023	C0022646
28320554	21	29	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
28320554	33	41	Patients	T101	C0030705
28320554	47	62	IgA Nephropathy	T047	C0017661
28320554	66	78	Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
28320554	83	104	outcomes of pregnancy	T033	C0032972
28320554	108	136	immunoglobulin A nephropathy	T047	C0017661
28320554	138	142	IgAN	T047	C0017661
28320554	168	180	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28320554	205	214	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28320554	218	224	kidney	T023	C0022646
28320554	225	244	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28320554	249	261	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28320554	266	273	adverse	T033	C1705586
28320554	274	292	pregnancy outcomes	T033	C0032972
28320554	296	304	patients	T101	C0030705
28320554	310	314	IgAN	T047	C0017661
28320554	318	330	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28320554	332	337	Women	T098	C0043210
28320554	341	358	child-bearing age	T033	C1960468
28320554	364	368	IgAN	T047	C0017661
28320554	381	390	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28320554	407	413	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28320554	452	461	Pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28320554	463	470	treated	T169	C1522326
28320554	501	509	baseline	T081	C1442488
28320554	522	528	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28320554	540	566	glomerular filtration rate	T060	C0017654
28320554	568	572	eGFR	T060	C0017654
28320554	575	586	proteinuria	T033	C0033687
28320554	588	602	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28320554	608	614	kidney	T023	C0022646
28320554	615	624	pathology	T046	C0677042
28320554	626	652	Oxford MEST classification	T185	C0008902
28320554	655	661	Kidney	T023	C0022646
28320554	662	681	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28320554	682	687	event	T051	C0441471
28320554	704	711	decline	T080	C0392756
28320554	715	719	eGFR	T060	C0017654
28320554	723	747	end-stage kidney disease	T047	C0022661
28320554	757	761	eGFR	T060	C0017654
28320554	762	769	decline	T080	C0392756
28320554	775	782	adverse	T033	C1705586
28320554	783	801	pregnancy outcomes	T033	C0032972
28320554	820	832	preeclampsia	T046	C0032914
28320554	837	847	fetal loss	T046	C0687675
28320554	856	864	patients	T101	C0030705
28320554	929	966	chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 1	T047	C2316401
28320554	968	969	2	T047	C2316786
28320554	971	972	3	T047	C2316787
28320554	978	979	4	T047	C2317473
28320554	1002	1011	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28320554	1025	1036	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
28320554	1081	1089	patients	T101	C0030705
28320554	1094	1113	not become pregnant	T033	C0232973
28320554	1136	1139	age	T032	C0001779
28320554	1141	1145	eGFR	T060	C0017654
28320554	1147	1169	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
28320554	1171	1182	proteinuria	T033	C0033687
28320554	1188	1197	pathology	T091	C0030664
28320554	1219	1225	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28320554	1238	1247	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28320554	1254	1262	patients	T101	C0030705
28320554	1268	1280	CKD stages 3	T047	C2316787
28320554	1284	1285	4	T047	C2317473
28320554	1295	1307	CKD stages 1	T047	C2316401
28320554	1311	1312	2	T047	C2316786
28320554	1318	1333	associated with	T080	C0332281
28320554	1341	1345	eGFR	T060	C0017654
28320554	1346	1353	decline	T080	C0392756
28320554	1408	1417	increased	T081	C0205217
28320554	1418	1427	incidence	T081	C0021149
28320554	1431	1437	kidney	T023	C0022646
28320554	1438	1449	progression	T169	C0449258
28320554	1450	1456	events	T051	C0441471
28320554	1502	1510	patients	T101	C0030705
28320554	1519	1538	not become pregnant	T033	C0232973
28320554	1551	1556	small	T081	C0700321
28320554	1557	1568	sample size	T081	C0242618
28320554	1599	1608	Pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28320554	1609	1620	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28320554	1621	1627	kidney	T023	C0022646
28320554	1628	1647	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28320554	1651	1656	women	T098	C0043210
28320554	1662	1666	IgAN	T047	C0017661
28320554	1671	1682	CKD stage 3	T047	C2316787
28320554	1704	1711	stage 1	T047	C2316401
28320554	1715	1716	2	T047	C2316786

28320690|t|Use of GetCheckedOnline, a Comprehensive Web-based Testing Service for Sexually Transmitted and Blood-Borne Infections
28320690|a|The British Columbia Centre for Disease Control implemented a comprehensive Web-based testing service GetCheckedOnline (GCO) in September 2014 in Vancouver, Canada. GCO 's objectives are to increase testing for sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs), reach high-prevalence populations facing testing barriers, and increase clinical STI service capacity. GCO was promoted through email invitations to provincial STI clinic clients, access codes to clients unable to access immediate clinic -based testing (deferred testers), and a campaign to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). The objective of the study was to report on characteristics of GCO users, use and test outcomes (overall and by promotional strategy) during this pilot phase. We used GCO program data, website metrics, and provincial STI clinic records to describe temporal trends, progression through the service pathway, and demographic, risk, and testing outcomes for individuals creating GCO accounts during the first 15 months of implementation. Of 868 clients creating accounts, 318 (36.6%) submitted specimens, of whom 96 (30.2%) tested more than once and 10 (3.1%) had a positive STI diagnosis. The proportion of clients submitting specimens increased steadily over the course of the pilot phase following introduction of deferred tester codes. Clients were diverse with respect to age, gender, and ethnicity, although youth and individuals of nonwhite ethnicity were underrepresented. Of the 506 clients completing risk assessments, 215 (42.5%) were MSM, 89 (17.6%) were symptomatic, 47 (9.3%) were STI contacts, 232 (45.8%) reported condomless sex, 146 (28.9%) reported ≥4 partners in the past 3 months, and 76 (15.0%) reported a recent STI. A total of 63 (12.5%) GCO clients were testing for the first time. For 868 accounts created, 337 (38.8%) were by clinic invitations (0 diagnoses), 298 (34.3%) were by deferred testers (6 diagnoses), 194 (22.4%) were by promotional campaign (3 diagnoses), and 39 (4.5%) were by other means (1 diagnosis). Our evaluation suggests that GCO is an acceptable and feasible approach to engage individuals in testing. Use by first-time testers, repeated use, and STI diagnosis of individuals unable to access immediate clinic -based testing suggest GCO may facilitate uptake of STBBI testing and earlier diagnosis. Use by MSM and individuals reporting sexual risk suggests GCO may reach populations with a higher risk of STI. Motivation to test (eg, unable to access clinical services immediately) appears a key factor underlying GCO use. These findings identify areas for refinement of the testing model, further promotion, and future research (including understanding reasons for drop-off through the service pathway and more comprehensive evaluation of effectiveness). Increased uptake and diagnosis corresponding with expansion of the service within British Columbia will permit future evaluation of this service across varying populations and settings.
28320690	7	23	GetCheckedOnline	T170	C2349146
28320690	27	40	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28320690	41	66	Web-based Testing Service	T170	C2349146
28320690	71	91	Sexually Transmitted	T047	C0036916
28320690	96	118	Blood-Borne Infections	T169	C1636665
28320690	123	166	British Columbia Centre for Disease Control	T093	C1708333
28320690	167	178	implemented	T052	C1708476
28320690	181	194	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28320690	195	220	Web-based testing service	T170	C2349146
28320690	221	237	GetCheckedOnline	T170	C2349146
28320690	239	242	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	247	256	September	T079	C3828193
28320690	265	274	Vancouver	UnknownType	C0681784
28320690	276	282	Canada	T083	C0006823
28320690	284	287	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	291	301	objectives	T170	C0018017
28320690	309	317	increase	T169	C0442805
28320690	318	325	testing	T169	C0039593
28320690	330	350	sexually transmitted	T047	C0036916
28320690	355	377	blood-borne infections	T169	C1636665
28320690	379	385	STBBIs	T047	C0012634
28320690	394	409	high-prevalence	T081	C1512456
28320690	410	421	populations	T098	C1257890
28320690	429	436	testing	T169	C0039593
28320690	451	459	increase	T169	C0442805
28320690	460	468	clinical	T073,T093	C0442592
28320690	469	472	STI	T047	C0036916
28320690	473	480	service	T057	C0557854
28320690	481	489	capacity	T081	C1516240
28320690	491	494	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	499	507	promoted	T052	C0033414
28320690	516	533	email invitations	T170	C0013849
28320690	537	547	provincial	T073,T093	C0020026
28320690	548	551	STI	T047	C0036916
28320690	552	558	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28320690	559	566	clients	T096	C0008942
28320690	568	574	access	T082	C0444454
28320690	584	591	clients	T096	C0008942
28320690	602	608	access	T082	C0444454
28320690	619	625	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28320690	633	640	testing	T169	C0039593
28320690	642	650	deferred	T079	C0205421
28320690	651	658	testers	T169	C0039593
28320690	667	675	campaign	T058	C0205787
28320690	679	682	gay	T098	C0242657
28320690	684	692	bisexual	T098	C0178515
28320690	704	729	men who have sex with men	T098	C2827413
28320690	731	734	MSM	T098	C2827413
28320690	741	750	objective	T170	C0018017
28320690	758	763	study	T062	C2603343
28320690	771	777	report	T058	C0700287
28320690	781	796	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28320690	800	803	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	804	809	users	T098	C1706077
28320690	811	814	use	T169	C0457083
28320690	819	832	test outcomes	T169	C1274040
28320690	849	869	promotional strategy	T052	C0033414
28320690	883	888	pilot	T080	C1517586
28320690	889	894	phase	T079	C0205390
28320690	899	903	used	T169	C0457083
28320690	904	907	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	908	915	program	T077	C1709697
28320690	916	920	data	T078	C1511726
28320690	922	929	website	T170	C2349146
28320690	943	953	provincial	T073,T093	C0020026
28320690	954	957	STI	T047	C0036916
28320690	958	964	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28320690	965	972	records	T170	C0025102
28320690	985	993	temporal	T079	C2362314
28320690	994	1000	trends	T079	C1521798
28320690	1002	1013	progression	T169	C0449258
28320690	1026	1033	service	T057	C0557854
28320690	1047	1058	demographic	T090	C0011298
28320690	1060	1064	risk	T078	C0035647
28320690	1070	1086	testing outcomes	T169	C1274040
28320690	1091	1102	individuals	T098	C0027361
28320690	1103	1111	creating	T052	C1706214
28320690	1112	1115	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	1145	1151	months	T079	C0439231
28320690	1155	1169	implementation	T052	C1708476
28320690	1178	1185	clients	T096	C0008942
28320690	1186	1194	creating	T052	C1706214
28320690	1217	1226	submitted	T169	C1515023
28320690	1227	1236	specimens	T167	C0370003
28320690	1257	1263	tested	T169	C0039593
28320690	1299	1307	positive	T033	C1446409
28320690	1308	1311	STI	T047	C0036916
28320690	1312	1321	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28320690	1327	1337	proportion	T081	C1709707
28320690	1341	1348	clients	T096	C0008942
28320690	1349	1359	submitting	T169	C1515023
28320690	1360	1369	specimens	T167	C0370003
28320690	1370	1379	increased	T169	C0442805
28320690	1380	1388	steadily	T080	C0205361
28320690	1398	1404	course	T079	C0750729
28320690	1412	1417	pilot	T080	C1517586
28320690	1418	1423	phase	T079	C0205390
28320690	1434	1446	introduction	T169	C0579004
28320690	1450	1458	deferred	T079	C0205421
28320690	1459	1465	tester	T169	C0039593
28320690	1473	1480	Clients	T096	C0008942
28320690	1486	1493	diverse	T080	C1880371
28320690	1510	1513	age	T032	C0001779
28320690	1515	1521	gender	T032	C0079399
28320690	1527	1536	ethnicity	T080	C0243103
28320690	1547	1552	youth	T100	C0087178
28320690	1557	1568	individuals	T098	C0027361
28320690	1572	1590	nonwhite ethnicity	T080	C0243103
28320690	1596	1612	underrepresented	T080	C0205556
28320690	1625	1632	clients	T096	C0008942
28320690	1644	1648	risk	T078	C0035647
28320690	1644	1660	risk assessments	T058	C0086930
28320690	1679	1682	MSM	T098	C2827413
28320690	1700	1711	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28320690	1728	1731	STI	T047	C0036916
28320690	1754	1762	reported	T058	C0700287
28320690	1763	1773	condomless	T033	C0243095
28320690	1774	1777	sex	T040	C0009253
28320690	1791	1799	reported	T058	C0700287
28320690	1803	1811	partners	T098	C0036911
28320690	1826	1832	months	T079	C0439231
28320690	1849	1857	reported	T058	C0700287
28320690	1860	1866	recent	T079	C0332185
28320690	1867	1870	STI	T047	C0036916
28320690	1874	1879	total	T080	C0439810
28320690	1894	1897	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	1898	1905	clients	T096	C0008942
28320690	1911	1918	testing	T169	C0039593
28320690	1956	1963	created	T052	C1706214
28320690	1985	1991	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28320690	1992	2003	invitations	T170	C2826348
28320690	2007	2016	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28320690	2039	2047	deferred	T079	C0205421
28320690	2048	2055	testers	T169	C0039593
28320690	2059	2068	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28320690	2091	2111	promotional campaign	T058	C0205787
28320690	2115	2124	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28320690	2164	2173	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28320690	2180	2190	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28320690	2205	2208	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	2215	2225	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28320690	2258	2269	individuals	T098	C0027361
28320690	2273	2280	testing	T169	C0039593
28320690	2300	2307	testers	T169	C0039593
28320690	2318	2321	use	T169	C0457083
28320690	2327	2330	STI	T047	C0036916
28320690	2331	2340	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28320690	2344	2355	individuals	T098	C0027361
28320690	2366	2372	access	T082	C0444454
28320690	2383	2389	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28320690	2397	2404	testing	T169	C0039593
28320690	2413	2416	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	2442	2447	STBBI	T047	C0012634
28320690	2448	2455	testing	T169	C0039593
28320690	2468	2477	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28320690	2486	2489	MSM	T098	C2827413
28320690	2494	2505	individuals	T098	C0027361
28320690	2506	2515	reporting	T058	C0700287
28320690	2516	2527	sexual risk	T078	C0035647
28320690	2528	2536	suggests	T078	C1705535
28320690	2537	2540	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	2551	2562	populations	T098	C1257890
28320690	2570	2576	higher	T080	C0205250
28320690	2577	2581	risk	T078	C0035647
28320690	2585	2588	STI	T047	C0036916
28320690	2590	2600	Motivation	T041	C0026605
28320690	2604	2608	test	T169	C0039593
28320690	2624	2630	access	T082	C0444454
28320690	2631	2639	clinical	T073,T093	C0442592
28320690	2640	2648	services	T057	C0557854
28320690	2676	2682	factor	T169	C1521761
28320690	2683	2693	underlying	T169	C1527178
28320690	2694	2697	GCO	T170	C2349146
28320690	2698	2701	use	T169	C0457083
28320690	2709	2717	findings	T169	C2607943
28320690	2755	2762	testing	T169	C0039593
28320690	2763	2768	model	T170	C3161035
28320690	2778	2787	promotion	T052	C0033414
28320690	2793	2799	future	T079	C0016884
28320690	2800	2808	research	T062	C0035168
28320690	2820	2833	understanding	T041	C0162340
28320690	2834	2841	reasons	T078	C0392360
28320690	2867	2874	service	T057	C0557854
28320690	2892	2905	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28320690	2906	2916	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28320690	2920	2933	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28320690	2936	2945	Increased	T169	C0442805
28320690	2957	2966	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28320690	2957	2966	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28320690	2986	2995	expansion	T082	C0205229
28320690	3003	3010	service	T057	C0557854
28320690	3018	3034	British Columbia	T083	C0006193
28320690	3040	3046	permit	T080	C0521104
28320690	3047	3053	future	T079	C0016884
28320690	3047	3053	future	T079	C0016884
28320690	3054	3064	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28320690	3073	3080	service	T057	C0557854
28320690	3096	3107	populations	T098	C1257890

28321789|t|Longitudinal study of bovine rotavirus group A in newborn calves from vaccinated and unvaccinated dairy herds
28321789|a|Reports of rotavirus excretion in calves usually result from cross-sectional studies, and in face of the conflicting results regarding protection of calves born to vaccinated dams against diarrhea, the aim of the present study was to evaluate rotavirus excretion in dairy calves born to vaccinated or unvaccinated dams, to identify the genotypes of bovine rotavirus group A (RVA) strains isolated from these animals as well as to investigate characteristics of the disease in naturally occurring circumstances throughout the first month of life. Five hundred fifty-two fecal samples were taken from 56 calves, 28 from each farm and, in the vaccinated herd, 11/281 samples (3.91%) taken from six different calves tested positive for RVA while in the unvaccinated herd, 3/271 samples (1.11%) taken from 3 different calves tested positive. The genotyping of the VP7 genes showed 91.2% nucleotide sequence identity to G6 genotype (NCDV strain), and for the VP4 gene, strains from the vaccinated herd were 96.6% related to B223 strain, while strains from the unvaccinated herd were 88% related to P[5] genotype (UK strain). Genotypes found in this study were G6P[11] in the vaccinated herd and G6P[5] in the unvaccinated herd. All calves infected with rotavirus presented an episode of diarrhea in the first month of life, and the discrepancy between the genotypes found in the commercial vaccine (G6P[1] and G10P[11]) and the rotavirus strains circulating in both vaccinated and unvaccinated herds show the importance of keeping constant surveillance in order to avoid potential causes of vaccination failure.
28321789	0	18	Longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
28321789	22	28	bovine	T015	C0007452
28321789	29	46	rotavirus group A	T005	C1002306
28321789	50	57	newborn	T008	C0003065
28321789	58	64	calves	T015	C3668829
28321789	70	80	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
28321789	85	97	unvaccinated	T033	C0243095
28321789	98	109	dairy herds	T015	C0175925
28321789	121	130	rotavirus	T005	C0035870
28321789	131	140	excretion	T031	C0504085
28321789	144	150	calves	T015	C3668829
28321789	171	194	cross-sectional studies	T062	C0010362
28321789	245	255	protection	T061	C0150259
28321789	259	265	calves	T015	C3668829
28321789	266	270	born	T040	C0005615
28321789	274	284	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
28321789	285	289	dams	T015	C0007452
28321789	298	306	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
28321789	353	362	rotavirus	T005	C0035870
28321789	363	372	excretion	T031	C0504085
28321789	376	388	dairy calves	T015	C3668829
28321789	397	407	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
28321789	411	423	unvaccinated	T033	C0243095
28321789	424	428	dams	T015	C0007452
28321789	446	455	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28321789	459	465	bovine	T015	C0007452
28321789	466	483	rotavirus group A	T005	C1002306
28321789	485	488	RVA	T005	C1002306
28321789	490	497	strains	T001	C1518614
28321789	518	525	animals	T015	C3668829
28321789	575	582	disease	T047	C0012634
28321789	586	595	naturally	T169	C0205296
28321789	596	605	occurring	T052	C1709305
28321789	635	654	first month of life	T033	C3278912
28321789	679	692	fecal samples	T031	C0475362
28321789	712	718	calves	T015	C3668829
28321789	733	737	farm	T082	C0557759
28321789	750	760	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
28321789	761	765	herd	T015	C0175925
28321789	774	781	samples	T031	C0475362
28321789	815	821	calves	T015	C3668829
28321789	822	837	tested positive	T033	C1514241
28321789	842	845	RVA	T005	C1002306
28321789	859	871	unvaccinated	T033	C0243095
28321789	884	891	samples	T031	C0475362
28321789	923	929	calves	T015	C3668829
28321789	930	945	tested positive	T033	C1514241
28321789	951	961	genotyping	T059	C2368152
28321789	969	978	VP7 genes	T028	C0017337
28321789	992	1011	nucleotide sequence	T086	C0004793
28321789	1024	1035	G6 genotype	T032	C0017431
28321789	1037	1048	NCDV strain	T001	C1518614
28321789	1063	1071	VP4 gene	T028	C0017337
28321789	1073	1080	strains	T001	C1518614
28321789	1090	1100	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
28321789	1128	1139	B223 strain	T001	C1518614
28321789	1147	1154	strains	T001	C1518614
28321789	1164	1176	unvaccinated	T033	C0243095
28321789	1177	1181	herd	T015	C0175925
28321789	1202	1215	P[5] genotype	T032	C0017431
28321789	1217	1226	UK strain	T001	C1518614
28321789	1229	1238	Genotypes	T032	C0017431
28321789	1264	1271	G6P[11]	T032	C0017431
28321789	1279	1289	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
28321789	1290	1294	herd	T015	C0175925
28321789	1299	1305	G6P[5]	T032	C0017431
28321789	1313	1325	unvaccinated	T033	C0243095
28321789	1326	1330	herd	T015	C0175925
28321789	1336	1342	calves	T015	C3668829
28321789	1343	1351	infected	T033	C0439663
28321789	1357	1366	rotavirus	T005	C0035870
28321789	1391	1399	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
28321789	1460	1469	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28321789	1483	1501	commercial vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28321789	1503	1509	G6P[1]	T032	C0017431
28321789	1514	1522	G10P[11]	T032	C0017431
28321789	1532	1541	rotavirus	T005	C0035870
28321789	1542	1549	strains	T001	C1518614
28321789	1570	1580	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
28321789	1585	1597	unvaccinated	T033	C0243095
28321789	1598	1603	herds	T015	C0175925
28321789	1635	1643	constant	T080	C1948059
28321789	1644	1656	surveillance	T061	C0038842
28321789	1675	1684	potential	T080	C3245505
28321789	1685	1691	causes	T169	C0015127
28321789	1695	1706	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28321789	1707	1714	failure	T033	C0162643

28322190|t|Activity patterns of serotonin neurons underlying cognitive flexibility
28322190|a|Serotonin is implicated in mood and affective disorders. However, growing evidence suggests that a core endogenous role is to promote flexible adaptation to changes in the causal structure of the environment, through behavioral inhibition and enhanced plasticity. We used long-term photometric recordings in mice to study a population of dorsal raphe serotonin neurons, whose activity we could link to normal reversal learning using pharmacogenetics. We found that these neurons are activated by both positive and negative prediction errors, and thus report signals similar to those proposed to promote learning in conditions of uncertainty. Furthermore, by comparing the cue responses of serotonin and dopamine neurons, we found differences in learning rates that could explain the importance of serotonin in inhibiting perseverative responding. Our findings show how the activity patterns of serotonin neurons support a role in cognitive flexibility, and suggest a revised model of dopamine - serotonin opponency with potential clinical implications.
28322190	0	17	Activity patterns	T043	C0007613
28322190	21	38	serotonin neurons	T025	C3178783
28322190	50	71	cognitive flexibility	T041	C2370892
28322190	72	81	Serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
28322190	99	103	mood	T041	C0026516
28322190	108	127	affective disorders	T048	C0525045
28322190	146	154	evidence	T078	C3887511
28322190	155	163	suggests	T078	C1705535
28322190	171	175	core	T082	C0444669
28322190	176	186	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28322190	187	191	role	T077	C1705810
28322190	198	205	promote	T052	C0033414
28322190	206	214	flexible	T080	C0443220
28322190	215	225	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28322190	229	236	changes	T169	C0392747
28322190	251	260	structure	T082	C0678594
28322190	268	279	environment	T082	C0014406
28322190	289	299	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28322190	300	310	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28322190	315	323	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28322190	324	334	plasticity	T042	C0027880
28322190	339	343	used	T169	C1524063
28322190	344	353	long-term	T079	C0443252
28322190	354	376	photometric recordings	T060	C0430022
28322190	380	384	mice	T015	C0025929
28322190	388	393	study	T062	C2603343
28322190	396	406	population	T081	C0237753
28322190	410	422	dorsal raphe	T023	C0175392
28322190	423	440	serotonin neurons	T025	C3178783
28322190	448	456	activity	T043	C0007613
28322190	474	480	normal	T080	C0205307
28322190	481	498	reversal learning	T062	C0035375
28322190	499	504	using	T169	C1524063
28322190	505	521	pharmacogenetics	T091	C0031325
28322190	526	531	found	T033	C0150312
28322190	543	550	neurons	T025	C0027882
28322190	555	564	activated	T169	C1515877
28322190	573	581	positive	T033	C1446409
28322190	586	594	negative	T033	C0205160
28322190	595	605	prediction	T078	C0681842
28322190	606	612	errors	T080	C0743559
28322190	630	637	signals	T043	C0037083
28322190	638	645	similar	T080	C2348205
28322190	655	663	proposed	T078	C1705535
28322190	667	674	promote	T052	C0033414
28322190	675	683	learning	T041	C0023185
28322190	687	697	conditions	T080	C0348080
28322190	701	712	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28322190	730	739	comparing	T052	C1707455
28322190	744	757	cue responses	UnknownType	C0814079
28322190	761	770	serotonin	T025	C3178783
28322190	775	791	dopamine neurons	T025	C1512035
28322190	796	801	found	T033	C0150312
28322190	802	813	differences	T080	C1705242
28322190	817	831	learning rates	T041	C0870792
28322190	855	865	importance	T080	C3898777
28322190	869	878	serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
28322190	882	892	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28322190	893	917	perseverative responding	UnknownType	C0679047
28322190	923	931	findings	T033	C0243095
28322190	945	962	activity patterns	T043	C0007613
28322190	966	983	serotonin neurons	T025	C3178783
28322190	994	998	role	T077	C1705810
28322190	1002	1023	cognitive flexibility	T041	C2370892
28322190	1029	1036	suggest	T078	C1705535
28322190	1039	1046	revised	T169	C1947976
28322190	1047	1052	model	T170	C3161035
28322190	1056	1064	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28322190	1067	1076	serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
28322190	1092	1101	potential	T080	C3245505
28322190	1102	1110	clinical	T080	C0205210
28322190	1111	1123	implications	T078	C1705535

28322271|t|Mechanistic and structural basis of bioengineered bovine Cathelicidin-5 with optimized therapeutic activity
28322271|a|Peptide - drug discovery using host-defense peptides becomes promising against antibiotic - resistant pathogens and cancer cells. Here, we customized the therapeutic activity of bovine cathelicidin-5 targeting to bacteria, protozoa, and tumor cells. The membrane dependent conformational adaptability and plasticity of cathelicidin-5 is revealed by biophysical analysis and atomistic simulations over 200 μs in thymocytes, leukemia, and E. coli cell-membranes. Our understanding of energy - dependent cathelicidin-5 intrusion in heterogeneous membranes aided in designing novel loss/gain-of-function analogues. In vitro findings identified leucine-zipper to phenylalanine substitution in cathelicidin-5 (1-18) significantly enhance the antimicrobial and anticancer activity with trivial hemolytic activity. Targeted mutants of cathelicidin-5 at kink region and N-terminal truncation revealed loss-of-function. We ensured the existence of a bimodal mechanism of peptide action (membranolytic and non-membranolytic) in vitro. The melanoma mouse model in vivo study further supports the in vitro findings. This is the first structural report on cathelicidin-5 and our findings revealed potent therapeutic application of designed cathelicidin-5 analogues.
28322271	0	11	Mechanistic	T169	C0443254
28322271	16	26	structural	T082	C0678594
28322271	27	32	basis	T169	C1527178
28322271	36	49	bioengineered	T091	C0005539
28322271	50	56	bovine	T015	C3667982
28322271	57	71	Cathelicidin-5	T116,T123	C0671062
28322271	87	107	therapeutic activity	T061	C0556489
28322271	108	115	Peptide	T116	C0030956
28322271	118	132	drug discovery	T062	C0920472
28322271	139	151	host-defense	T042	C0520990
28322271	152	160	peptides	T116	C0030956
28322271	187	197	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28322271	200	209	resistant	T169	C0332325
28322271	210	219	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28322271	224	236	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28322271	262	282	therapeutic activity	T061	C0556489
28322271	286	292	bovine	T015	C3667982
28322271	293	307	cathelicidin-5	T116,T123	C0671062
28322271	321	329	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28322271	331	339	protozoa	T204	C0033739
28322271	345	356	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
28322271	362	370	membrane	T026	C0596901
28322271	371	380	dependent	T080	C0851827
28322271	381	395	conformational	T082	C0026377
28322271	396	408	adaptability	T169	C0456081
28322271	413	423	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28322271	427	441	cathelicidin-5	T116,T123	C0671062
28322271	457	468	biophysical	T091	C0005553
28322271	469	477	analysis	T062	C0936012
28322271	482	503	atomistic simulations	T062	C0679083
28322271	519	529	thymocytes	T025	C0814999
28322271	531	539	leukemia	T191	C0023418
28322271	545	552	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28322271	553	567	cell-membranes	T026	C0007603
28322271	590	596	energy	T070	C0542479
28322271	599	608	dependent	T080	C0851827
28322271	609	623	cathelicidin-5	T116,T123	C0671062
28322271	624	633	intrusion	T061	C0087111
28322271	637	650	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28322271	651	660	membranes	T026	C0007603
28322271	680	685	novel	T080	C0205314
28322271	686	707	loss/gain-of-function	T033	C0243095
28322271	708	717	analogues	T104	C0002776
28322271	719	727	In vitro	T080	C1533691
28322271	728	736	findings	T169	C2607943
28322271	748	762	leucine-zipper	T116	C0079686
28322271	766	779	phenylalanine	T116,T121,T123	C0031453
28322271	780	792	substitution	T044	C0596324
28322271	796	810	cathelicidin-5	T116,T123	C0671062
28322271	832	839	enhance	T052	C2349975
28322271	844	857	antimicrobial	T044	C1321418
28322271	862	881	anticancer activity	T033	C0243095
28322271	895	913	hemolytic activity	T034	C2945560
28322271	915	931	Targeted mutants	T049	C0596988
28322271	935	949	cathelicidin-5	T116,T123	C0671062
28322271	953	964	kink region	T082	C1254362
28322271	969	990	N-terminal truncation	T044	C1514568
28322271	1000	1016	loss-of-function	T033	C0243095
28322271	1048	1065	bimodal mechanism	T169	C0441712
28322271	1069	1076	peptide	T116	C0030956
28322271	1077	1083	action	T052	C3266814
28322271	1085	1098	membranolytic	T033	C2825141
28322271	1103	1120	non-membranolytic	T033	C2825141
28322271	1122	1130	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28322271	1136	1144	melanoma	T191	C0025202
28322271	1145	1156	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28322271	1157	1170	in vivo study	T062	C0681829
28322271	1192	1200	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28322271	1201	1209	findings	T169	C2607943
28322271	1250	1264	cathelicidin-5	T116,T123	C0671062
28322271	1273	1281	findings	T169	C2607943
28322271	1298	1321	therapeutic application	T061	C0278296
28322271	1334	1348	cathelicidin-5	T116,T123	C0671062
28322271	1349	1358	analogues	T104	C0002776

28322352|t|Gene -based genome-wide association study identified 19p13.3 for lean body mass
28322352|a|Lean body mass (LBM) is a complex trait for human health. To identify genomic loci underlying LBM, we performed a gene -based genome-wide association study of lean mass index (LMI) in 1000 unrelated Caucasian subjects, and replicated in 2283 unrelated Caucasians subjects. Gene -based association analyses highlighted the significant associations of three genes UQCR, TCF3 and MBD3 in one single locus 19p13.3 (discovery p = 6.10 × 10(-5), 1.65 × 10(-4) and 1.10 × 10(-4); replication p = 2.21 × 10(-3), 1.84 × 10(-3) and 6.95 × 10(-3); combined p = 2.26 × 10(-6), 4.86 × 10(-6) and 1.15 × 10(-5), respectively). These results, together with the known functional relevance of the three genes to LMI, suggested that the 19p13.3 region containing UQCR, TCF3 and MBD3 genes was a novel locus underlying lean mass variation.
28322352	0	4	Gene	T028	C0017337
28322352	12	41	genome-wide association study	T063	C2350277
28322352	42	52	identified	T080	C0205396
28322352	53	60	19p13.3	T026	C1520850
28322352	65	79	lean body mass	T201	C0424678
28322352	80	94	Lean body mass	T201	C0424678
28322352	96	99	LBM	T201	C0424678
28322352	114	119	trait	T032	C0599883
28322352	124	129	human	T016	C0086418
28322352	130	136	health	T078	C0018684
28322352	150	162	genomic loci	T028	C0678933
28322352	174	177	LBM	T201	C0424678
28322352	194	198	gene	T028	C0017337
28322352	206	235	genome-wide association study	T063	C2350277
28322352	239	254	lean mass index	T081	C0392762
28322352	256	259	LMI	T081	C0392762
28322352	269	278	unrelated	T033	C0445356
28322352	279	288	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
28322352	289	297	subjects	T098	C0080105
28322352	303	313	replicated	T169	C0205173
28322352	322	331	unrelated	T033	C0445356
28322352	332	342	Caucasians	T098	C0043157
28322352	343	351	subjects	T098	C0080105
28322352	353	357	Gene	T028	C0017337
28322352	365	385	association analyses	T063	C2350277
28322352	414	426	associations	T080	C0439849
28322352	436	441	genes	T028	C0017337
28322352	442	446	UQCR	T028	C1540163
28322352	448	452	TCF3	T028	C1336596
28322352	457	461	MBD3	T028	C1417051
28322352	469	475	single	T081	C0205171
28322352	476	481	locus	T028	C0678933
28322352	482	489	19p13.3	T026	C1520850
28322352	491	500	discovery	T080	C0205556
28322352	553	564	replication	T080	C1883725
28322352	732	742	functional	T169	C0205245
28322352	743	752	relevance	T080	C2347946
28322352	766	771	genes	T028	C0017337
28322352	775	778	LMI	T081	C0392762
28322352	799	806	19p13.3	T026	C1520850
28322352	807	813	region	T082	C0205147
28322352	825	829	UQCR	T028	C1540163
28322352	831	835	TCF3	T028	C1336596
28322352	840	850	MBD3 genes	T028	C1417051
28322352	863	868	locus	T028	C0678933
28322352	880	889	lean mass	T201	C0424678
28322352	890	899	variation	T070	C0042333

28322666|t|Parks as Social and Cultural Spaces Among U.S .- and Foreign - Born Latinas
28322666|a|Parks provide opportunities for people to engage in activities that can promote physical and emotional well-being. Using focus groups and personal interviews conducted in selected neighborhoods of a Northeastern city with a high rate of obesity, we examined perceptions of barriers and facilitators regarding the use of parks and park features that would promote physical activity among Latina women (N = 39). Foreign - born Latinas emphasized the environmental characteristics of parks and the types of amenities that can support preferred cultural and social activities, while U.S. - born Latinas emphasized the use of parks for physical activity and weight management. Most striking were the different ways in which foreign - born participants conceptualized parks as sociocultural family centers, extending more common conceptualizations centered on exercise or individual health gain. These findings suggest the need for new policies that incorporate culturally specific park programming to promote national goals of increasing levels of physical activity for health.
28322666	0	5	Parks	T073	C0562547
28322666	9	15	Social	T169	C0728831
28322666	20	28	Cultural	T169	C0220814
28322666	29	35	Spaces	T082	C1883067
28322666	42	45	U.S	T083	C0041703
28322666	53	60	Foreign	T080	C1517294
28322666	63	67	Born	T040	C0005615
28322666	68	75	Latinas	T098	C0949335
28322666	76	81	Parks	T073	C0562547
28322666	90	103	opportunities	UnknownType	C0814559
28322666	108	114	people	T098	C0027361
28322666	128	138	activities	T052	C0441655
28322666	148	155	promote	T052	C0033414
28322666	156	164	physical	T169	C0205485
28322666	169	178	emotional	T033	C0849912
28322666	179	189	well-being	T078	C0018684
28322666	197	209	focus groups	T096	C0016400
28322666	214	222	personal	T032	C1519021
28322666	223	233	interviews	T052	C0021822
28322666	275	287	Northeastern	T082	C1709272
28322666	288	292	city	T083	C0008848
28322666	300	304	high	T080	C0205250
28322666	305	309	rate	T081	C1521828
28322666	313	320	obesity	T047	C0028754
28322666	325	333	examined	T033	C0332128
28322666	334	345	perceptions	T041	C0030971
28322666	349	357	barriers	T078	C1254370
28322666	362	374	facilitators	T080	C0205556
28322666	389	395	use of	T169	C1524063
28322666	396	401	parks	T073	C0562547
28322666	406	410	park	T073	C0562547
28322666	411	419	features	T080	C2348519
28322666	431	438	promote	T052	C0033414
28322666	439	456	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28322666	463	469	Latina	T098	C0949335
28322666	470	475	women	T098	C0043210
28322666	486	493	Foreign	T080	C1517294
28322666	496	500	born	T040	C0005615
28322666	501	508	Latinas	T098	C0949335
28322666	524	537	environmental	T082	C0014406
28322666	538	553	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28322666	557	562	parks	T073	C0562547
28322666	571	576	types	T080	C0332307
28322666	580	589	amenities	T073	C1547538
28322666	617	625	cultural	T052	C0441655
28322666	630	647	social activities	T054	C2371613
28322666	655	659	U.S.	T083	C0041703
28322666	662	666	born	T040	C0005615
28322666	667	674	Latinas	T098	C0949335
28322666	697	702	parks	T073	C0562547
28322666	707	724	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28322666	729	735	weight	T032	C0005910
28322666	736	746	management	T052	C0441655
28322666	795	802	foreign	T080	C1517294
28322666	805	809	born	T040	C0005615
28322666	810	822	participants	T098	C0679646
28322666	823	837	conceptualized	T041	C0589138
28322666	838	843	parks	T073	C0562547
28322666	847	875	sociocultural family centers	T082	C1254362
28322666	892	898	common	T081	C0205214
28322666	899	917	conceptualizations	T041	C0589138
28322666	930	938	exercise	T056	C0015259
28322666	942	952	individual	T098	C0027361
28322666	953	959	health	T078	C0018684
28322666	960	964	gain	T081	C1517378
28322666	972	980	findings	T169	C2607943
28322666	1002	1005	new	T080	C0205314
28322666	1006	1014	policies	T170	C0242456
28322666	1032	1042	culturally	T169	C0220814
28322666	1043	1051	specific	T080	C0205369
28322666	1052	1056	park	T073	C0562547
28322666	1057	1068	programming	T077	C1704769
28322666	1072	1079	promote	T052	C0033414
28322666	1089	1094	goals	T170	C0018017
28322666	1098	1108	increasing	T169	C0442808
28322666	1109	1115	levels	T080	C0441889
28322666	1119	1136	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28322666	1141	1147	health	T078	C0018684

28322744|t|Basal ryanodine receptor activity suppresses autophagic flux
28322744|a|The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and intracellular Ca(2+) signaling are critically involved in regulating different steps of autophagy, a lysosomal degradation pathway. The ryanodine receptors (RyR), intracellular Ca(2+)-release channels mainly expressed in excitable cell types including muscle and neurons, have however not yet been extensively studied in relation to autophagy. Yet, aberrant expression and excessive activity of RyRs in these tissues has been implicated in the onset of several diseases including Alzheimer's disease, where impaired autophagy regulation contributes to the pathology. In this study, we determined whether pharmacological RyR inhibition could modulate autophagic flux in ectopic RyR - expressing models, like HEK293 cells and in cell types that endogenously express RyR s, like C2C12 myoblasts and primary hippocampal neurons. Importantly, RyR3 overexpression in HEK293 cells impaired the autophagic flux. Conversely, in all cell models tested, pharmacological inhibition of endogenous or ectopically expressed RyRs, using dantrolene or ryanodine, augmented autophagic flux by increasing lysosomal turn-over (number of autophagosomes and autolysosomes measured as mCherry - LC3 punctae / cell increased from 70.37±7.81 in control HEK RyR3 cells to 111.18±7.72 and 98.14±7.31 after dantrolene and ryanodine treatments, respectively). Moreover, in differentiated C2C12 cells, transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that dantrolene treatment decreased the number of early autophagic vacuoles from 5.9±2.97 to 1.8±1.03 per cellular cross section. The modulation of the autophagic flux could be linked to the functional inhibition of RyR channels as both RyR inhibitors efficiently diminished the number of cells showing spontaneous RyR3 activity in the HEK293 cell model (from 41.14%±2.12 in control cells to 18.70%±2.25 and 9.74%±2.67 after dantrolene and ryanodine treatments, respectively). In conclusion, basal RyR -mediated Ca(2+)-release events suppress autophagic flux at the level of the lysosomes.
28322744	0	5	Basal	T082	C0205112
28322744	6	33	ryanodine receptor activity	T044	C1753335
28322744	34	44	suppresses	T169	C1260953
28322744	45	55	autophagic	T026	C0333781
28322744	56	60	flux	T070	C2348693
28322744	65	103	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors	T116,T192	C0063592
28322744	105	110	IP3Rs	T116,T192	C0063592
28322744	116	146	intracellular Ca(2+) signaling	T043	C3158759
28322744	151	161	critically	T080	C1511545
28322744	162	170	involved	T169	C1314939
28322744	174	184	regulating	T038	C1327622
28322744	185	194	different	T080	C1705242
28322744	195	200	steps	T077	C1261552
28322744	204	213	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28322744	217	226	lysosomal	T026	C0024369
28322744	227	246	degradation pathway	T077	C1511758
28322744	252	271	ryanodine receptors	T116,T192	C0917729
28322744	273	276	RyR	T116,T192	C0917729
28322744	279	316	intracellular Ca(2+)-release channels	T044	C1153434
28322744	324	333	expressed	T045	C1171362
28322744	337	346	excitable	T033	C1562285
28322744	347	357	cell types	T170	C0449475
28322744	358	367	including	T169	C0332257
28322744	368	374	muscle	T024	C0026845
28322744	379	386	neurons	T025	C0027882
28322744	414	425	extensively	T080	C0205231
28322744	426	433	studied	T062	C2603343
28322744	449	458	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28322744	465	473	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28322744	474	484	expression	T045	C1171362
28322744	489	498	excessive	T080	C0442802
28322744	499	507	activity	T044	C1537044
28322744	511	515	RyRs	T116,T192	C0917729
28322744	525	532	tissues	T024	C0040300
28322744	542	552	implicated	T033	C2945640
28322744	560	568	onset of	T080	C0332162
28322744	569	576	several	T081	C0443302
28322744	577	585	diseases	T047	C0012634
28322744	586	595	including	T169	C0332257
28322744	596	615	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28322744	623	631	impaired	T169	C0221099
28322744	632	641	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28322744	642	652	regulation	T038	C1327622
28322744	653	664	contributes	T052	C1880177
28322744	672	681	pathology	T169	C0205469
28322744	691	696	study	T062	C2603343
28322744	701	711	determined	T059	C1148554
28322744	720	735	pharmacological	T038	C0007992
28322744	736	739	RyR	T116,T192	C0917729
28322744	740	750	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28322744	757	765	modulate	T082	C0443264
28322744	766	776	autophagic	T026	C0333781
28322744	777	781	flux	T070	C2348693
28322744	785	792	ectopic	T082	C0574895
28322744	793	796	RyR	T116,T192	C0917729
28322744	799	809	expressing	T045	C1171362
28322744	810	816	models	T170	C3161035
28322744	823	835	HEK293 cells	T025	C2936239
28322744	843	853	cell types	T170	C0449475
28322744	859	871	endogenously	T169	C0205227
28322744	872	879	express	T045	C1171362
28322744	880	883	RyR	T116,T192	C0917729
28322744	892	907	C2C12 myoblasts	T025	C0596995
28322744	912	919	primary	T080	C0205225
28322744	920	931	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28322744	932	939	neurons	T025	C0027882
28322744	941	952	Importantly	T080	C3898777
28322744	954	958	RyR3	T116,T192	C0524964
28322744	959	973	overexpression	T045	C1171362
28322744	977	989	HEK293 cells	T025	C2936239
28322744	990	998	impaired	T169	C0221099
28322744	1003	1013	autophagic	T026	C0333781
28322744	1014	1018	flux	T070	C2348693
28322744	1039	1043	cell	T025	C0007634
28322744	1044	1050	models	T170	C3161035
28322744	1051	1057	tested	T169	C0039593
28322744	1059	1074	pharmacological	T038	C0007992
28322744	1075	1085	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28322744	1089	1099	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28322744	1103	1114	ectopically	T082	C0574895
28322744	1115	1124	expressed	T045	C1171362
28322744	1125	1129	RyRs	T116,T192	C0917729
28322744	1137	1147	dantrolene	T109,T121	C0010976
28322744	1151	1160	ryanodine	T109,T121	C0035983
28322744	1162	1171	augmented	T081	C0205217
28322744	1172	1182	autophagic	T026	C0333781
28322744	1183	1187	flux	T070	C2348693
28322744	1191	1201	increasing	T169	C0442808
28322744	1202	1211	lysosomal	T026	C0024369
28322744	1212	1221	turn-over	T044	C0597297
28322744	1223	1229	number	T081	C0237753
28322744	1233	1247	autophagosomes	T026	C3887595
28322744	1252	1265	autolysosomes	T026	C0230822
28322744	1266	1274	measured	T080	C0444706
28322744	1278	1285	mCherry	T116,T123	C3489546
28322744	1288	1299	LC3 punctae	T116	C3540600
28322744	1302	1306	cell	T025	C0007634
28322744	1307	1316	increased	T081	C0205217
28322744	1336	1343	control	T096	C0009932
28322744	1344	1358	HEK RyR3 cells	T025	C0007634
28322744	1395	1405	dantrolene	T109,T121	C0010976
28322744	1410	1419	ryanodine	T109,T121	C0035983
28322744	1420	1430	treatments	T061	C1533734
28322744	1460	1474	differentiated	T043	C1159966
28322744	1475	1486	C2C12 cells	T025	C0596995
28322744	1488	1520	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
28322744	1521	1533	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
28322744	1539	1549	dantrolene	T109,T121	C0010976
28322744	1550	1559	treatment	T061	C1533734
28322744	1560	1569	decreased	T081	C0205216
28322744	1574	1580	number	T081	C0237753
28322744	1590	1600	autophagic	T026	C0333781
28322744	1601	1609	vacuoles	T026	C0042219
28322744	1640	1648	cellular	T025	C0007634
28322744	1649	1662	cross section	T082	C0552389
28322744	1668	1678	modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
28322744	1686	1696	autophagic	T026	C0333781
28322744	1697	1701	flux	T070	C2348693
28322744	1725	1735	functional	T169	C0205245
28322744	1736	1746	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28322744	1750	1762	RyR channels	T116,T192	C0054493
28322744	1771	1774	RyR	T116,T192	C0917729
28322744	1775	1785	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28322744	1786	1797	efficiently	T080	C0442799
28322744	1813	1819	number	T081	C0237753
28322744	1823	1828	cells	T025	C0007634
28322744	1837	1848	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28322744	1849	1853	RyR3	T116,T192	C0524964
28322744	1854	1862	activity	T044	C1537044
28322744	1870	1881	HEK293 cell	T025	C2936239
28322744	1882	1887	model	T170	C3161035
28322744	1909	1916	control	T096	C0009932
28322744	1917	1922	cells	T025	C0007634
28322744	1959	1969	dantrolene	T109,T121	C0010976
28322744	1974	1983	ryanodine	T109,T121	C0035983
28322744	1984	1994	treatments	T061	C1533734
28322744	2014	2024	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28322744	2026	2031	basal	T082	C0205112
28322744	2032	2035	RyR	T116,T192	C0917729
28322744	2046	2067	Ca(2+)-release events	T044	C1820193
28322744	2068	2076	suppress	T169	C1260953
28322744	2077	2087	autophagic	T026	C0333781
28322744	2088	2092	flux	T070	C2348693
28322744	2100	2105	level	T080	C0441889
28322744	2113	2122	lysosomes	T026	C0024369

28322784|t|Flaviviridae viruses use a common molecular mechanism to escape nucleoside analogue inhibitors
28322784|a|The RNA-dependent RNA polymerases of Flaviviridae viruses are crucial for replication. The Flaviviridae polymerase is organized into structural motifs (A-G), with motifs F, A, C and E containing interrogating, priming and catalytic substrate-interacting sites. Modified nucleoside analogues act as antiviral drugs by targeting Flaviviridae polymerases and integrating into the synthesized product causing premature termination. A threonine mutation of a conserved serine residue in motif B of Flaviviridae polymerases renders resistance to 2'-C-methylated nucleoside analogue s. The mechanism how this single mutation causes Flaviviridae viruses to escape nucleoside analogues is not yet known. Given the pivotal position of the serine residue in motif B that supports motif F, we hypothesized the threonine mutation causes alterations in nucleoside exploration within the entry tunnel. Implementing a stochastic molecular software showed the all-atom 2'-C-methylated analogue reaction within the active sites of wild type and serine-threonine mutant polymerases from Hepacivirus and Flavivirus. Compared with the wild type, the serine-threonine mutant polymerases caused a significant decrease of analogue contacts with conserved interrogating residues in motif F and a displacement of metal ion cofactors. The simulations significantly showed that during the analogue exploration of the active site the hydrophobic methyl group in the serine-threonine mutant repels water -mediated hydrogen bonds with the 2'-C-methylated analogue, causing a concentration of bonds at the substrate - interacting sites. Collectively, the data are an insight into a molecular escape mechanism by Flaviviridae viruses from 2'-C-methylated nucleoside analogue inhibitors.
28322784	0	20	Flaviviridae viruses	T005	C0206510
28322784	34	53	molecular mechanism	T044	C1148560
28322784	64	83	nucleoside analogue	T114,T121	C1579410
28322784	84	94	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28322784	99	128	RNA-dependent RNA polymerases	T116,T126	C0035685
28322784	132	152	Flaviviridae viruses	T005	C0206510
28322784	169	180	replication	T045	C0598312
28322784	186	198	Flaviviridae	T005	C0206510
28322784	199	209	polymerase	T116,T126	C1335439
28322784	228	251	structural motifs (A-G)	T082	C0752190
28322784	258	266	motifs F	T087	C1257944
28322784	268	269	A	T087	C1514562
28322784	271	272	C	T087	C1514562
28322784	277	278	E	T087	C1514562
28322784	290	303	interrogating	T169	C0205245
28322784	305	312	priming	T045	C1817266
28322784	317	354	catalytic substrate-interacting sites	T087	C0682969
28322784	365	385	nucleoside analogues	T114,T121	C1579410
28322784	393	408	antiviral drugs	T121	C0003451
28322784	412	421	targeting	T169	C1521840
28322784	422	434	Flaviviridae	T005	C0206510
28322784	435	446	polymerases	T116,T126	C1335439
28322784	484	491	product	T071	C1514468
28322784	500	521	premature termination	T049	C0544885
28322784	525	543	threonine mutation	T045	C0026882
28322784	559	565	serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28322784	577	584	motif B	T087	C1514562
28322784	588	600	Flaviviridae	T005	C0206510
28322784	601	612	polymerases	T116,T126	C1335439
28322784	621	631	resistance	T169	C4281815
28322784	635	672	2'-C-methylated nucleoside analogue s	T114,T121	C1579410
28322784	662	670	analogue	T104	C0243071
28322784	704	712	mutation	T045	C0026882
28322784	720	740	Flaviviridae viruses	T005	C0206510
28322784	751	771	nucleoside analogues	T114,T121	C1579410
28322784	824	830	serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28322784	842	849	motif B	T087	C1514562
28322784	864	871	motif F	T087	C1257944
28322784	893	911	threonine mutation	T045	C0026882
28322784	934	944	nucleoside	T114	C0028621
28322784	1008	1026	molecular software	T170	C0282574
28322784	1047	1071	2'-C-methylated analogue	T114,T121	C1579410
28322784	1063	1071	analogue	T104	C0243071
28322784	1092	1104	active sites	T169	C0205681
28322784	1108	1117	wild type	T028	C1883559
28322784	1122	1157	serine-threonine mutant polymerases	T116,T126	C1335439
28322784	1163	1174	Hepacivirus	T005	C0079500
28322784	1179	1189	Flavivirus	T005	C0016215
28322784	1209	1218	wild type	T028	C1883559
28322784	1224	1259	serine-threonine mutant polymerases	T116,T126	C1335439
28322784	1293	1301	analogue	T104	C0243071
28322784	1293	1301	analogue	T104	C0243071
28322784	1316	1348	conserved interrogating residues	T086	C0009802
28322784	1352	1359	motif F	T087	C1257944
28322784	1382	1401	metal ion cofactors	T123	C0178555
28322784	1407	1418	simulations	T062	C0679083
28322784	1456	1464	analogue	T104	C0243071
28322784	1484	1495	active site	T169	C0205681
28322784	1500	1511	hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
28322784	1512	1524	methyl group	T109	C0596922
28322784	1532	1555	serine-threonine mutant	T049	C0596988
28322784	1563	1568	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28322784	1579	1593	hydrogen bonds	T070	C0020276
28322784	1603	1627	2'-C-methylated analogue	T114,T121	C1579410
28322784	1619	1627	analogue	T104	C0243071
28322784	1656	1661	bonds	T044	C0813982
28322784	1669	1678	substrate	T067	C0175921
28322784	1681	1692	interacting	T169	C1704675
28322784	1693	1698	sites	T082	C0205145
28322784	1745	1771	molecular escape mechanism	T044	C1148560
28322784	1775	1795	Flaviviridae viruses	T005	C0206510
28322784	1801	1836	2'-C-methylated nucleoside analogue	T114,T121	C1579410
28322784	1837	1847	inhibitors	T120	C0243077

28322885|t|Fluoride concentration in saliva and biofilm fluid following the application of three fluoride varnishes
28322885|a|Most of the commercially available fluoride varnishes (FV) have not been evaluated for their cariostatic properties. Consequently, the aim of this in vivo study was to investigate intra - oral fluoride retention and clearance patterns from three different FV. Eighteen subjects (7-11 years) participated in a laboratory analyst - blinded, randomized, crossover study comparing the ability of 5% sodium fluoride varnishes (CavityShield-CS, Enamel Pro-EP, Vanish-V) to enhance fluoride concentrations in biofilm fluid, centrifuged and whole saliva over a period of 48h after a single FV application. Similar fluoride concentration × time patterns were noted for all investigated FV and studied variables, with the highest fluoride concentrations observed for the first biological sample collected after FV application (30min). Mean±SE (area under fluoride clearance curve) values were (μg F/g or ml×min): biofilm fluid - CS (472±191), EP (423±75), V (1264±279); centrifuged saliva - CS (42±7), EP (19±3), V (41±8); whole saliva - CS (68±11), EP (64±10), V (60±7). V delivered more fluoride to biofilm fluid than CS (p=0.0116) and EP (p=0.0065), which did not differ (p=0.27). For centrifuged saliva, CS and V were not significantly different (p=0.86), but resulted in higher fluoride retention than EP (p<0.0008). No significant differences among FV were observed for whole saliva (p=0.79). The present study has shown that FV vary in their ability to deliver fluoride intra - orally potentially related to formulation differences. To what extent the present findings relate to clinical efficacy remains, however, to be determined. Clinical research that investigates fluoride release patterns into saliva and biofilm fluid from different FV products is insufficient. More research is needed to investigate different FV formulations for their efficacy in order to help clinicians make better evidence based treatment choices.
28322885	0	8	Fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28322885	9	22	concentration	T081	C1446561
28322885	26	32	saliva	T031	C0036087
28322885	37	50	biofilm fluid	T007	C0081786
28322885	65	76	application	T058	C0185125
28322885	86	104	fluoride varnishes	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	140	158	fluoride varnishes	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	160	162	FV	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	178	187	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28322885	198	220	cariostatic properties	T039	C3179394
28322885	222	234	Consequently	T033	C3845876
28322885	240	243	aim	T078	C1947946
28322885	252	259	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28322885	260	265	study	T062	C2603343
28322885	273	284	investigate	T058	C0220825
28322885	285	290	intra	T082	C0442107
28322885	293	297	oral	T082	C0442027
28322885	298	306	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28322885	307	316	retention	T169	C0333117
28322885	321	339	clearance patterns	T033	C0231360
28322885	361	363	FV	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	374	382	subjects	T098	C0080105
28322885	389	394	years	T079	C1510829
28322885	414	424	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28322885	425	432	analyst	T097	C0870132
28322885	435	442	blinded	T062	C0150108
28322885	444	454	randomized	T062	C0034656
28322885	456	471	crossover study	T062	C0150097
28322885	472	481	comparing	T052	C1707455
28322885	486	493	ability	T032	C0085732
28322885	500	525	sodium fluoride varnishes	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	527	542	CavityShield-CS	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	544	557	Enamel Pro-EP	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	559	567	Vanish-V	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	572	579	enhance	T052	C2349975
28322885	580	588	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28322885	589	603	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28322885	607	620	biofilm fluid	T007	C0081786
28322885	622	633	centrifuged	T031	C3897072
28322885	638	643	whole	T081	C0444667
28322885	644	650	saliva	T031	C0036087
28322885	658	664	period	T079	C1948053
28322885	687	689	FV	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	711	719	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28322885	720	733	concentration	T081	C1446561
28322885	736	749	time patterns	T079	C0439545
28322885	755	760	noted	T170	C1317574
28322885	769	781	investigated	T080	C0449433
28322885	782	784	FV	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	789	796	studied	T062	C2603343
28322885	797	806	variables	T080	C0439828
28322885	817	824	highest	T080	C1522410
28322885	825	833	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28322885	834	848	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28322885	849	857	observed	T169	C1441672
28322885	872	889	biological sample	T077	C2347026
28322885	890	899	collected	T169	C1516698
28322885	906	908	FV	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	930	937	Mean±SE	T081	C2348148
28322885	939	974	area under fluoride clearance curve	T081	C0376690
28322885	976	982	values	T080	C0042295
28322885	1008	1021	biofilm fluid	T007	C0081786
28322885	1024	1026	CS	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1038	1040	EP	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1051	1052	V	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1065	1076	centrifuged	T031	C3897072
28322885	1077	1083	saliva	T031	C0036087
28322885	1086	1088	CS	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1097	1099	EP	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1108	1109	V	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1118	1123	whole	T081	C0444667
28322885	1124	1130	saliva	T031	C0036087
28322885	1133	1135	CS	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1145	1147	EP	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1157	1158	V	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1167	1168	V	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1184	1192	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28322885	1196	1209	biofilm fluid	T007	C0081786
28322885	1215	1217	CS	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1233	1235	EP	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1283	1294	centrifuged	T031	C3897072
28322885	1295	1301	saliva	T031	C0036087
28322885	1303	1305	CS	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1310	1311	V	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1321	1334	significantly	T078	C0750502
28322885	1359	1367	resulted	T169	C1274040
28322885	1371	1377	higher	T080	C1522410
28322885	1378	1386	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28322885	1387	1396	retention	T169	C0333117
28322885	1402	1404	EP	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1420	1431	significant	T078	C0750502
28322885	1450	1452	FV	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1458	1466	observed	T169	C1441672
28322885	1471	1476	whole	T081	C0444667
28322885	1477	1483	saliva	T031	C0036087
28322885	1498	1505	present	T033	C0150312
28322885	1506	1511	study	T062	C2603343
28322885	1527	1529	FV	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1544	1551	ability	T032	C0085732
28322885	1563	1571	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28322885	1572	1577	intra	T082	C0442107
28322885	1580	1586	orally	T082	C0442027
28322885	1587	1598	potentially	T080	C3245505
28322885	1599	1606	related	T080	C0439849
28322885	1622	1633	differences	T080	C1705242
28322885	1643	1649	extent	T082	C0439792
28322885	1654	1661	present	T033	C0150312
28322885	1662	1670	findings	T033	C0243095
28322885	1671	1677	relate	T080	C0439849
28322885	1681	1698	clinical efficacy	T080	C3850123
28322885	1723	1733	determined	T059	C1148554
28322885	1735	1752	Clinical research	T062	C0008972
28322885	1758	1770	investigates	T058	C0220825
28322885	1771	1779	fluoride	T121,T197	C0016327
28322885	1780	1787	release	T080	C0205556
28322885	1788	1796	patterns	T082	C0449774
28322885	1802	1808	saliva	T031	C0036087
28322885	1813	1826	biofilm fluid	T007	C0081786
28322885	1842	1853	FV products	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1857	1869	insufficient	T080	C0231180
28322885	1876	1884	research	T062	C0242481
28322885	1898	1909	investigate	T058	C0220825
28322885	1920	1935	FV formulations	T122,T197	C0016326
28322885	1946	1954	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28322885	1972	1982	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28322885	1988	1994	better	T080	C0332272
28322885	1995	2003	evidence	T078	C3887511
28322885	2010	2019	treatment	T169	C1522326

28323338|t|The prognostic value of extranodal extension in human papillomavirus -associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
28323338|a|Extranodal (or extracapsular) extension (ENE) is an adverse prognostic factor in patients with head and neck cancers who undergo primary surgery. However, the significance of ENE in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is not well established, and single-institution studies have not established that ENE predicts inferior outcome. The authors investigated the prognostic value of ENE in HPV - positive patients who underwent primary surgery and whether adjuvant chemoradiation improved overall survival (OS) compared with radiation alone in ENE - positive patients. Patients who underwent primary surgery for pathologic T1 (pT1) through pT4 tumors, pathologic N1 (pN1) through pN3 lymph node status, HPV-positive OPSCC were identified in the National Cancer Data Base from 2010 through 2012. Features associated with ENE were analyzed. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses identified predictors of OS. The effect of adjuvant treatment on OS in ENE - positive cohort was also evaluated. In total, 1043 patients met inclusion criteria, among whom 43.5% were ENE - positive. Of the ENE - positive patients who had treatment details available, 72% received concurrent chemoradiotherapy, 16% received radiotherapy, and 12% received no adjuvant treatment. After a median follow-up of 28.4 months, ENE was associated with worse 3- year OS (89.3% vs 93.6%; P = .01). On multivariable analysis that included involved lymph nodes, only ENE, lymphovascular invasion, pT3/pT4 tumors, and Charlson-Deyo score were associated with worse OS. Among ENE - positive patients, there was no difference in 3- year OS between those who received adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone (89.6% vs 89.3%, respectively; P = .55). Propensity score - matched comparison revealed similar results. ENE is associated with inferior OS in patients with HPV-positive OPSCC. However, OS was not better with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone in ENE - positive patients. The current findings support the need for prospective studies of adjuvant chemoradiation in HPV - positive patients with ENE. Cancer 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
28323338	4	20	prognostic value	T201	C1514474
28323338	24	44	extranodal extension	T033	C3899187
28323338	48	68	human papillomavirus	T005	C0021344
28323338	81	118	oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0280313
28323338	119	158	Extranodal (or extracapsular) extension	T033	C3899187
28323338	160	163	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	171	196	adverse prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
28323338	200	208	patients	T101	C0030705
28323338	214	235	head and neck cancers	T191	C0278996
28323338	248	263	primary surgery	T058	C2081627
28323338	294	297	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	301	382	human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC)	T191	C2828150
28323338	412	430	single-institution	T093	C2607850
28323338	431	438	studies	T062	C2603343
28323338	444	459	not established	T080	C0443211
28323338	465	468	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	469	477	predicts	T078	C0681842
28323338	478	486	inferior	T082	C0542339
28323338	487	494	outcome	T169	C1274040
28323338	525	541	prognostic value	T201	C1514474
28323338	545	548	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	552	555	HPV	T005	C0021344
28323338	558	566	positive	T033	C1446409
28323338	567	575	patients	T101	C0030705
28323338	590	605	primary surgery	T058	C2081627
28323338	618	641	adjuvant chemoradiation	T061	C3178761
28323338	651	667	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28323338	669	671	OS	T081	C4086681
28323338	673	681	compared	T052	C1707455
28323338	687	702	radiation alone	T070	C0851346
28323338	706	709	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	712	720	positive	T033	C1446409
28323338	721	729	patients	T101	C0030705
28323338	731	739	Patients	T101	C0030705
28323338	754	769	primary surgery	T058	C2081627
28323338	774	787	pathologic T1	T169	C1521733
28323338	789	792	pT1	T169	C1521733
28323338	802	812	pT4 tumors	T191	C0027651
28323338	814	827	pathologic N1	T169	C1521733
28323338	829	832	pN1	T169	C1521733
28323338	842	856	pN3 lymph node	T023	C0024204
28323338	857	863	status	T080	C0449438
28323338	865	883	HPV-positive OPSCC	T191	C2828150
28323338	889	899	identified	T080	C0205396
28323338	907	932	National Cancer Data Base	T170	C3826808
28323338	957	965	Features	T080	C1521970
28323338	966	981	associated with	T080	C0332281
28323338	982	985	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	991	999	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28323338	1001	1054	Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses	T170	C0034980
28323338	1055	1065	identified	T080	C0205396
28323338	1066	1076	predictors	T078	C2698872
28323338	1080	1082	OS	T081	C4086681
28323338	1088	1094	effect	T080	C1280500
28323338	1098	1116	adjuvant treatment	T061	C3162256
28323338	1120	1122	OS	T081	C4086681
28323338	1126	1129	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	1132	1140	positive	T033	C1446409
28323338	1141	1147	cohort	T081	C0009247
28323338	1157	1166	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28323338	1183	1191	patients	T101	C0030705
28323338	1196	1214	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28323338	1238	1241	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	1244	1252	positive	T033	C1446409
28323338	1261	1264	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	1267	1275	positive	T033	C1446409
28323338	1276	1284	patients	T101	C0030705
28323338	1293	1302	treatment	T061	C0087111
28323338	1326	1334	received	T080	C1514756
28323338	1335	1363	concurrent chemoradiotherapy	T061	C3178775
28323338	1369	1377	received	T080	C1514756
28323338	1378	1390	radiotherapy	T061	C0038886
28323338	1400	1408	received	T080	C1514756
28323338	1409	1411	no	T080	C0332288
28323338	1412	1430	adjuvant treatment	T061	C3162256
28323338	1440	1446	median	T081	C0876920
28323338	1447	1456	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28323338	1465	1471	months	T079	C0439231
28323338	1473	1476	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	1481	1496	associated with	T080	C0332281
28323338	1497	1502	worse	T033	C1457868
28323338	1506	1510	year	T079	C0439234
28323338	1511	1513	OS	T081	C4086681
28323338	1544	1566	multivariable analysis	T170	C0034980
28323338	1572	1580	included	T169	C0332257
28323338	1590	1601	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28323338	1608	1611	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	1613	1636	lymphovascular invasion	T033	C1708790
28323338	1638	1652	pT3/pT4 tumors	T191	C0027651
28323338	1658	1677	Charlson-Deyo score	T081	C0449820
28323338	1683	1698	associated with	T080	C0332281
28323338	1699	1704	worse	T033	C1457868
28323338	1705	1707	OS	T081	C4086681
28323338	1715	1718	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	1721	1729	positive	T033	C1446409
28323338	1730	1738	patients	T101	C0030705
28323338	1750	1763	no difference	T033	C3842396
28323338	1770	1774	year	T079	C0439234
28323338	1775	1777	OS	T081	C4086681
28323338	1796	1804	received	T080	C1514756
28323338	1805	1842	adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy	T061	C3178761
28323338	1850	1868	radiotherapy alone	T061	C0038886
28323338	1910	1926	Propensity score	T081	C2718044
28323338	1929	1947	matched comparison	T081	C0086766
28323338	1948	1956	revealed	T080	C0443289
28323338	1965	1972	results	T169	C1274040
28323338	1974	1977	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	1981	1996	associated with	T080	C0332281
28323338	1997	2005	inferior	T082	C0542339
28323338	2006	2008	OS	T081	C4086681
28323338	2012	2020	patients	T101	C0030705
28323338	2026	2044	HPV-positive OPSCC	T191	C2828150
28323338	2055	2057	OS	T081	C4086681
28323338	2062	2072	not better	T033	C4049139
28323338	2078	2104	adjuvant chemoradiotherapy	T061	C3178761
28323338	2105	2113	compared	T052	C1707455
28323338	2119	2137	radiotherapy alone	T061	C0038886
28323338	2141	2144	ENE	T033	C3899187
28323338	2147	2155	positive	T033	C1446409
28323338	2156	2164	patients	T101	C0030705
28323338	2170	2194	current findings support	T081	C0035176
28323338	2208	2227	prospective studies	T062	C0033522
28323338	2231	2254	adjuvant chemoradiation	T061	C3178761
28323338	2258	2261	HPV	T005	C0021344
28323338	2264	2272	positive	T033	C1446409
28323338	2273	2281	patients	T101	C0030705
28323338	2287	2290	ENE	T033	C3899187

28323419|t|The Role of SufS Is Restricted to Fe-S Cluster Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli
28323419|a|In Escherichia coli, two different systems that are important for the coordinate formation of Fe-S clusters have been identified, namely, the ISC and SUF systems. The ISC system is the housekeeping Fe-S machinery, which provides Fe-S clusters for numerous cellular proteins. The IscS protein of this system was additionally revealed to be the primary sulfur donor for several sulfur-containing molecules with important biological functions, among which are the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) and thiolated nucleosides in tRNA. Here, we show that deletion of central components of the ISC system in addition to IscS leads to an overall decrease in Fe-S cluster enzyme and molybdoenzyme activity in addition to a decrease in the number of Fe-S - dependent thiomodifications of tRNA, based on the fact that some proteins involved in Moco biosynthesis and tRNA thiolation are Fe-S - dependent. Complementation of the ISC deficient strains with the suf operon restored the activity of Fe-S-containing proteins, including the MoaA protein, which is involved in the conversion of 5'GTP to cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate in the fist step of Moco biosynthesis. While both systems share a high degree of similarity, we show that the function of their respective l-cysteine desulfurase IscS or SufS is specific for each cellular pathway. It is revealed that SufS cannot play the role of IscS in sulfur transfer for the formation of 2-thiouridine, 4-thiouridine, or the dithiolene group of molybdopterin, being unable to interact with TusA or ThiI. The results demonstrate that the role of the SUF system is exclusively restricted to Fe-S cluster assembly in the cell.
28323419	12	16	SufS	T026	C3824407
28323419	34	46	Fe-S Cluster	T026	C3824418
28323419	47	59	Biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
28323419	63	79	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28323419	83	99	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28323419	174	187	Fe-S clusters	T026	C3824418
28323419	222	225	ISC	T026	C3824418
28323419	230	241	SUF systems	T026	C3824407
28323419	247	257	ISC system	T026	C3824418
28323419	265	292	housekeeping Fe-S machinery	T028	C1334046
28323419	309	322	Fe-S clusters	T026	C3824418
28323419	336	353	cellular proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28323419	359	371	IscS protein	T116,T126	C0675681
28323419	423	443	primary sulfur donor	T120	C1254355
28323419	456	483	sulfur-containing molecules	T167	C0567416
28323419	499	519	biological functions	T038	C3714634
28323419	541	560	molybdenum cofactor	T116	C0066697
28323419	562	566	Moco	T116	C0066697
28323419	572	601	thiolated nucleosides in tRNA	T045	C2247814
28323419	622	630	deletion	T049	C0162773
28323419	660	670	ISC system	T026	C3824418
28323419	686	690	IscS	T116,T126	C0675681
28323419	723	735	Fe-S cluster	T026	C3824418
28323419	736	742	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28323419	747	769	molybdoenzyme activity	T044	C0243102
28323419	813	817	Fe-S	T026	C3824418
28323419	820	829	dependent	T169	C3244310
28323419	830	855	thiomodifications of tRNA	T045	C2247814
28323419	885	893	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28323419	906	910	Moco	T116	C0066697
28323419	911	923	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
28323419	928	943	tRNA thiolation	T045	C2247814
28323419	948	952	Fe-S	T026	C3824418
28323419	955	964	dependent	T169	C3244310
28323419	989	992	ISC	T026	C3824417
28323419	993	1002	deficient	T169	C0011155
28323419	1020	1023	suf	T026	C3824407
28323419	1024	1030	operon	T028	C0029073
28323419	1056	1080	Fe-S-containing proteins	T116,T123	C0022095
28323419	1096	1108	MoaA protein	T116,T126	C4044190
28323419	1149	1154	5'GTP	T114	C0018353
28323419	1158	1191	cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate	T109	C2934004
28323419	1212	1216	Moco	T116	C0066697
28323419	1217	1229	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
28323419	1331	1366	l-cysteine desulfurase IscS or SufS	T044	C1150999
28323419	1388	1404	cellular pathway	T044	C1704259
28323419	1426	1430	SufS	T026	C3824407
28323419	1455	1459	IscS	T116,T126	C0675681
28323419	1500	1513	2-thiouridine	T114	C0537592
28323419	1515	1528	4-thiouridine	T114,T121	C0039959
28323419	1537	1553	dithiolene group	T104	C1254350
28323419	1557	1570	molybdopterin	T116	C0066697
28323419	1602	1606	TusA	T116,T123	C2973840
28323419	1610	1614	ThiI	T116,T126	C1436246
28323419	1661	1671	SUF system	T026	C3824407
28323419	1701	1722	Fe-S cluster assembly	T026	C3824418
28323419	1730	1734	cell	T025	C0007634

28323882|t|miR-181 interacts with signaling adaptor molecule DENN/MADD and enhances TNF - induced cell death
28323882|a|MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs, which regulate the expression of protein coding transcripts through mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. Numerous reports have highlighted the role of miRNAs in regulating cell death pathways including the expression of genes involved in the induction of apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine which can send pro-death signals through its receptor TNFR1. Diverse adaptor molecules including DENN/MADD adaptor protein have been shown to modulate TNF-α pro-death signaling via recruitment of MAP kinases to TNFR1 and activation of pro-survival NFκB signaling. Herein, we investigated the role of microRNA-181 (miR-181) in regulating DENN/MADD expression levels and its subsequent effects on TNF-α - induced cell death. Using bioinformatics analyses followed by luciferase reporter assays we showed that miR-181 interacts with the 3' UTR of DENN/MADD transcripts. miR-181 overexpression also led to decreased endogenous DENN/MADD mRNA levels in L929 murine fibroblasts. Flow cytometric analysis of miR-181 transfected cells showed this miRNA accentuates mitochondrial membrane potential loss caused by TNF-α. These findings were associated with enhanced apoptosis of L929 cells following TNF-α treatment. Overall, these data point to the potential role of miR-181 in regulating TNF-α pro-death signaling, which could be of importance from pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives in inflammatory disorders associated with tissue degeneration and cell death.
28323882	0	7	miR-181	T114	C3898411
28323882	23	49	signaling adaptor molecule	T116,T123	C1335962
28323882	50	59	DENN/MADD	T116,T123	C0538761
28323882	73	76	TNF	T116,T129	C0041368
28323882	79	97	induced cell death	T043	C3546309
28323882	98	107	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28323882	118	132	noncoding RNAs	T114	C0887909
28323882	140	148	regulate	T045	C0017263
28323882	153	163	expression	T045	C0017262
28323882	167	193	protein coding transcripts	T114	C1519595
28323882	202	218	mRNA degradation	T045	C1257759
28323882	222	246	translational inhibition	T045	C1519619
28323882	294	300	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28323882	304	334	regulating cell death pathways	T043	C1711228
28323882	349	368	expression of genes	T045	C0017262
28323882	385	407	induction of apoptosis	T043	C1326205
28323882	409	436	Tumor necrosis factor alpha	T116,T129	C1456820
28323882	438	443	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28323882	450	474	proinflammatory cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28323882	490	507	pro-death signals	T043	C0037083
28323882	520	534	receptor TNFR1	T116,T192	C0255808
28323882	536	561	Diverse adaptor molecules	T116,T123	C0033684
28323882	572	597	DENN/MADD adaptor protein	T116,T123	C0538761
28323882	626	631	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28323882	632	651	pro-death signaling	T038	C3537152
28323882	671	682	MAP kinases	T116,T126	C0752312
28323882	686	691	TNFR1	T116,T192	C0255808
28323882	696	706	activation	T044	C1148560
28323882	723	737	NFκB signaling	T045	C1513838
28323882	775	787	microRNA-181	T114	C3898411
28323882	789	796	miR-181	T114	C3898411
28323882	801	811	regulating	T038	C1327622
28323882	812	821	DENN/MADD	T028	C1366909
28323882	822	832	expression	T045	C0017262
28323882	870	875	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28323882	878	896	induced cell death	T043	C3546309
28323882	904	918	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28323882	919	927	analyses	T062	C0936012
28323882	940	950	luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C0024075
28323882	951	966	reporter assays	T059	C0005507
28323882	982	989	miR-181	T114	C3898411
28323882	1009	1015	3' UTR	T086,T123	C0600600
28323882	1019	1028	DENN/MADD	T028	C1366909
28323882	1029	1040	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28323882	1042	1049	miR-181	T028	C2825314
28323882	1050	1064	overexpression	T045	C0017262
28323882	1087	1097	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28323882	1098	1112	DENN/MADD mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28323882	1123	1127	L929	T025	C0007634
28323882	1128	1134	murine	T015	C0026809
28323882	1135	1146	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
28323882	1148	1172	Flow cytometric analysis	T059	C0016263
28323882	1176	1183	miR-181	T114	C3898411
28323882	1184	1201	transfected cells	T025	C0007634
28323882	1214	1219	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28323882	1232	1264	mitochondrial membrane potential	T043	C1720920
28323882	1280	1285	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28323882	1293	1301	findings	T033	C0243095
28323882	1332	1341	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28323882	1345	1355	L929 cells	T025	C0007634
28323882	1366	1371	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28323882	1372	1381	treatment	T061	C0087111
28323882	1434	1441	miR-181	T114	C3898411
28323882	1445	1455	regulating	T038	C1327622
28323882	1456	1461	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28323882	1462	1481	pro-death signaling	T038	C3537152
28323882	1517	1529	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28323882	1534	1545	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28323882	1562	1584	inflammatory disorders	T047	C1290884
28323882	1601	1620	tissue degeneration	T046	C0011164
28323882	1625	1635	cell death	T043	C0007587

28323926|t|Psychological Distress Is More Prevalent in Fertile Age and Premenopausal Women with PCOS Symptoms -15-yr Follow-up
28323926|a|Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased psychological distress; obesity and hyperandrogenism being suggested as key promoters. To investigate the prevalence of anxiety / depression and their coexistence in women with PCOS / PCOS symptoms at age s 31 and 46. The roles of obesity, hyperandrogenism and awareness of PCOS on psychological distress were also assessed. Population based follow-up. Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with 15- year follow-up. At age 31 a questionnaire-based screening for oligoamenorrhea (OA) and hirsutism (H): 2188 asymptomatic (controls), 331 OA, 323 H, 125 OA + H (PCOS). 46 year old follow-up: 1576 controls, 239 OA, 231 H and 85 PCOS. Questionnaire-based screening for anxiety and depression symptoms (Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25) and previously diagnosed / treated depression at age 31 and 46. BMI, serum testosterone / free androgen index (FAI) and awareness of polycystic ovaries / PCOS on psychological distress were also assessed. Population-based prevalence of anxiety and/or depression in women with PCOS / PCOS symptoms at age s 31 and 46. Anxiety and/or depression symptoms, their coexistence and rate of depression were increased at age 31 and 46 in women with PCOS or isolated H compared with controls. High BMI or hyperandrogenism did not associate with increased anxiety or depression symptoms. The awareness of PCOS was associated with increased anxiety. Women with PCOS or isolated H present more often with anxiety and/or depression symptoms and their coexistence compared with controls. High BMI or hyperandrogenism did not provoke psychological distress in PCOS. The awareness of PCOS increased anxiety but did not associate with severe anxiety or depression.
28323926	0	22	Psychological Distress	T048	C0815107
28323926	44	51	Fertile	T040	C0015895
28323926	52	55	Age	T032	C0001779
28323926	60	73	Premenopausal	T039	C0206158
28323926	74	79	Women	T098	C0043210
28323926	85	89	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	90	98	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
28323926	106	115	Follow-up	T058	C1522577
28323926	116	141	Polycystic ovary syndrome	T047	C0032460
28323926	143	147	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	178	200	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
28323926	202	209	obesity	T047	C0028754
28323926	214	230	hyperandrogenism	T047	C0206081
28323926	254	263	promoters	T052	C0033414
28323926	268	279	investigate	T169	C1292732
28323926	284	294	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28323926	298	305	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28323926	308	318	depression	T048	C0011581
28323926	344	349	women	T098	C0043210
28323926	355	359	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	362	366	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	367	375	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28323926	379	382	age	T032	C0001779
28323926	409	416	obesity	T047	C0028754
28323926	418	434	hyperandrogenism	T047	C0206081
28323926	439	448	awareness	T041	C0004448
28323926	452	456	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	460	482	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
28323926	493	501	assessed	T052	C1516048
28323926	503	529	Population based follow-up	T062	C1709599
28323926	531	547	Northern Finland	T083	C0016132
28323926	548	560	Birth Cohort	T081	C1706962
28323926	575	579	year	T079	C0439234
28323926	580	589	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28323926	594	597	age	T032	C0001779
28323926	603	632	questionnaire-based screening	T062	C1134635
28323926	637	652	oligoamenorrhea	T046	C0028949
28323926	654	656	OA	T046	C0028949
28323926	662	671	hirsutism	T047	C0271610
28323926	673	674	H	T047	C0271610
28323926	682	694	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28323926	696	704	controls	T096	C0009932
28323926	711	713	OA	T046	C0028949
28323926	719	720	H	T047	C0271610
28323926	726	728	OA	T046	C0028949
28323926	731	732	H	T047	C0271610
28323926	734	738	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	744	748	year	T079	C0439234
28323926	753	762	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28323926	769	777	controls	T096	C0009932
28323926	783	785	OA	T046	C0028949
28323926	791	792	H	T047	C0271610
28323926	800	804	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	806	835	Questionnaire-based screening	T062	C1134635
28323926	840	847	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28323926	852	871	depression symptoms	T184	C0086132
28323926	873	901	Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25	T170	C0451218
28323926	918	927	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28323926	930	937	treated	T033	C0332154
28323926	938	948	depression	T048	C0011581
28323926	952	955	age	T032	C0001779
28323926	967	970	BMI	T201	C1305855
28323926	972	990	serum testosterone	T059	C4064092
28323926	993	1012	free androgen index	T059	C0428629
28323926	1014	1017	FAI	T059	C0428629
28323926	1023	1032	awareness	T041	C0004448
28323926	1036	1054	polycystic ovaries	T047	C0032460
28323926	1057	1061	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	1065	1087	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
28323926	1098	1106	assessed	T052	C1516048
28323926	1108	1135	Population-based prevalence	T081	C1709597
28323926	1139	1146	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28323926	1154	1164	depression	T048	C0011581
28323926	1168	1173	women	T098	C0043210
28323926	1179	1183	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	1186	1190	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	1191	1199	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28323926	1203	1206	age	T032	C0001779
28323926	1220	1227	Anxiety	T048	C0003469
28323926	1235	1254	depression symptoms	T184	C0086132
28323926	1286	1296	depression	T048	C0011581
28323926	1315	1318	age	T032	C0001779
28323926	1332	1337	women	T098	C0043210
28323926	1343	1347	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	1360	1361	H	T047	C0271610
28323926	1376	1384	controls	T096	C0009932
28323926	1391	1394	BMI	T201	C1305855
28323926	1398	1414	hyperandrogenism	T047	C0206081
28323926	1448	1455	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28323926	1459	1478	depression symptoms	T184	C0086132
28323926	1484	1493	awareness	T041	C0004448
28323926	1497	1501	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	1532	1539	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28323926	1541	1546	Women	T098	C0043210
28323926	1552	1556	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	1569	1570	H	T047	C0271610
28323926	1595	1602	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28323926	1610	1629	depression symptoms	T184	C0086132
28323926	1666	1674	controls	T096	C0009932
28323926	1681	1684	BMI	T201	C1305855
28323926	1688	1704	hyperandrogenism	T047	C0206081
28323926	1721	1743	psychological distress	T048	C0815107
28323926	1747	1751	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	1757	1766	awareness	T041	C0004448
28323926	1770	1774	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28323926	1785	1792	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28323926	1827	1834	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28323926	1838	1848	depression	T048	C0011581

28323937|t|TERT, BRAF and NRAS in primary thyroid cancer and metastatic disease
28323937|a|Little is known about the frequency of key mutations in thyroid cancer metastases and its relationship with the primary tumor genotype. To evaluate the frequency of TERT promoter (TERTp), BRAF and NRAS mutations in metastatic thyroid carcinomas, analyzing primary thyroid tumors, lymph node metastases (LNM) and distant metastases. Mutation analysis was performed in 437 tissue samples from 204 patients, mainly with papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) (n=180), including 196 LNM and 56 distant metastases. All the distant metastases included corresponded to radioiodine -refractory metastatic tissue. We found the following mutation frequency in primary PTC, LNM and distant metastases, respectively: TERTp - 12.9%, 10.5%, and 52.4%; BRAF - 44.6%, 41.7%, and 23.8%; NRAS - 1.2%, 1.3%, and 14.3%. There was a significant concordance between the primary tumor genotype and the corresponding LNM for all the genes, in particular BRAF -mutated PTC. The overall concordance between primary tumors and respective distant metastases was low. In the group of patients with PTC, we found a high frequency of TERTp mutations and a low frequency of BRAF mutations in distant metastases, in comparison to the paired primary tumors. When present in distant metastases, BRAF mutations frequently coexisted with TERTp mutations. When the genotype of primary tumors is compared with the genotype of LNM, the concordance is high for all the genes studied. On the other hand, distant metastases show an enrichment in TERTp mutations and a decrease in BRAF mutations. TERTp mutations may play a role in distant metastases.
28323937	0	4	TERT	T116,T126	C0754515
28323937	6	10	BRAF	T116,T123	C1259929
28323937	15	19	NRAS	T116,T126	C0079975
28323937	23	45	primary thyroid cancer	T191	C2217687
28323937	50	68	metastatic disease	T191	C0027627
28323937	95	121	frequency of key mutations	T080	C3178846
28323937	125	139	thyroid cancer	T191	C0007115
28323937	140	150	metastases	T191	C0027627
28323937	181	194	primary tumor	T191	C0677930
28323937	195	203	genotype	T032	C0017431
28323937	221	230	frequency	T080	C3178846
28323937	234	238	TERT	T028	C1367342
28323937	239	247	promoter	T028	C0314621
28323937	249	254	TERTp	T028	C0314621
28323937	257	261	BRAF	T028	C0812241
28323937	266	270	NRAS	T028	C0027260
28323937	271	280	mutations	T049	C1516197
28323937	284	294	metastatic	T191	C0027627
28323937	295	313	thyroid carcinomas	T191	C0549473
28323937	325	347	primary thyroid tumors	T191	C2217687
28323937	349	370	lymph node metastases	T191	C0686619
28323937	372	375	LNM	T191	C0686619
28323937	381	399	distant metastases	T185	C1269798
28323937	401	418	Mutation analysis	T059	C0796357
28323937	440	454	tissue samples	T024	C0475358
28323937	464	472	patients	T101	C1516213
28323937	486	514	papillary thyroid carcinomas	T191	C0238463
28323937	516	519	PTC	T191	C0238463
28323937	544	547	LNM	T191	C0686619
28323937	555	573	distant metastases	T185	C1269798
28323937	583	601	distant metastases	T185	C1269798
28323937	627	638	radioiodine	T121,T130,T131,T196	C1441129
28323937	651	661	metastatic	T191	C0027627
28323937	662	668	tissue	T024	C0040300
28323937	693	711	mutation frequency	T080	C3178846
28323937	715	722	primary	T191	C0677930
28323937	723	726	PTC	T191	C0238463
28323937	728	731	LNM	T191	C0686619
28323937	736	754	distant metastases	T185	C1269798
28323937	770	775	TERTp	T028	C0314621
28323937	803	807	BRAF	T028	C0812241
28323937	835	839	NRAS	T028	C0027260
28323937	889	900	concordance	T080	C0332529
28323937	913	926	primary tumor	T191	C0677930
28323937	927	935	genotype	T032	C0017431
28323937	958	961	LNM	T191	C0686619
28323937	974	979	genes	T028	C0017337
28323937	995	999	BRAF	T028	C0812241
28323937	1009	1012	PTC	T191	C0238463
28323937	1026	1037	concordance	T080	C0332529
28323937	1046	1060	primary tumors	T191	C0677930
28323937	1076	1094	distant metastases	T185	C1269798
28323937	1120	1128	patients	T101	C1516213
28323937	1134	1137	PTC	T191	C0238463
28323937	1168	1173	TERTp	T028	C0314621
28323937	1174	1183	mutations	T049	C1516197
28323937	1207	1211	BRAF	T028	C0812241
28323937	1212	1221	mutations	T049	C1516197
28323937	1225	1243	distant metastases	T185	C1269798
28323937	1273	1287	primary tumors	T191	C0677930
28323937	1305	1323	distant metastases	T185	C1269798
28323937	1325	1329	BRAF	T028	C0812241
28323937	1330	1339	mutations	T049	C1516197
28323937	1366	1371	TERTp	T028	C0314621
28323937	1372	1381	mutations	T049	C1516197
28323937	1392	1400	genotype	T032	C0017431
28323937	1404	1418	primary tumors	T191	C0677930
28323937	1440	1448	genotype	T032	C0017431
28323937	1452	1455	LNM	T191	C0686619
28323937	1461	1472	concordance	T080	C0332529
28323937	1493	1498	genes	T028	C0017337
28323937	1527	1545	distant metastases	T185	C1269798
28323937	1568	1573	TERTp	T028	C0314621
28323937	1574	1583	mutations	T049	C1516197
28323937	1602	1606	BRAF	T028	C0812241
28323937	1607	1616	mutations	T049	C1516197
28323937	1618	1623	TERTp	T028	C0314621
28323937	1624	1633	mutations	T049	C1516197
28323937	1653	1671	distant metastases	T185	C1269798

28324211|t|GEORG-SCHMORL-PRIZE OF THE GERMAN SPINE SOCIETY (DWG) 2016: Comparison of in vitro osteogenic potential of iliac crest and degenerative facet joint bone autografts for intervertebral fusion in lumbar spinal stenosis
28324211|a|The promotion of spinal fusion using bone autografts is largely mediated by the osteoinductive potential of progenitors / mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) that reside in the marrow spaces of cancellous bone. Iliac crest is the common autograft donor site, but its use presents an increased risk for donor site pain, morbidity and infection. Degenerative bone samples harvested during facetectomy might provide an alternative viable source of osteoinductive autografts. In this study, we conducted an intra-individual comparison of the osteogenic potential of isolated low passage MSC from both sources. Iliac crest and degenerative facet joints were harvested from eight consecutive patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interspinal fusion due to lumbar spinal stenosis. MSC were isolated by collagenase digestion, selected by plastic adherence and minimally expanded for downstream assays. Clonogenic and osteogenic potential was evaluated by colony formation assays in control and osteogenic culture medium. Osteogenic properties, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) induction, matrix mineralization and type I collagen mRNA and protein expression were characterized using quantitative histochemical staining and reverse transcription PCR. Spontaneous adipogenesis was analysed by adipocyte enumeration and gene expression analysis of adipogenic markers. Average colony-forming efficiency in osteogenic medium was equal between iliac crest (38 ± 12%) and facet joint (36 ± 11%). Osteogenic potential at the clonal level was 55 ± 26 and 68 ± 17% for iliac crest and facet joint MSC, respectively. Clonogenic and osteogenic potential were significantly negatively associated with donor age. Osteogenic differentiation led to significant induction of ALP activity in iliac crest (sixfold) and facet joint (eightfold) MSC. Matrix mineralization quantified by Alizarin red staining was increased by osteogenic differentiation, yet similar between both MSC sources. Protein expression of type I collagen was enhanced during osteogenesis and significantly greater in iliac crest MSC. Correspondingly, COL1A2 mRNA expression was higher in osteogenically differentiated MSC from iliac crest. Adipocyte numbers showed significant differences between iliac crest (63 ± 60) and facet joint (18 ± 15) MSC under osteogenic conditions. Negative (GREM1) and positive (FABP4) adipogenic markers were not differentially expressed between sources. MSC from iliac crest and degenerative facet joints largely display similar clonogenic and osteogenic properties in vitro. Differences at the molecular level are not likely to impair the osteoinductive capacity of facet joint MSC. Bone autografts from facetectomy would be viable alternatives as bone autografts for intervertebral spinal fusion in lumbar spinal stenosis.
28324211	0	19	GEORG-SCHMORL-PRIZE	T073	C0080049
28324211	23	47	THE GERMAN SPINE SOCIETY	T092	C1561598
28324211	49	52	DWG	T092	C1561598
28324211	60	70	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28324211	74	82	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28324211	83	93	osteogenic	T042	C0029433
28324211	94	103	potential	T080	C3245505
28324211	107	118	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28324211	123	135	degenerative	T169	C1880269
28324211	136	147	facet joint	T030	C0224521
28324211	148	163	bone autografts	T061	C0440800
28324211	168	182	intervertebral	T029	C0442106
28324211	183	189	fusion	T061	C0037935
28324211	193	215	lumbar spinal stenosis	T047	C0158288
28324211	233	246	spinal fusion	T061	C0037935
28324211	253	268	bone autografts	T061	C0440800
28324211	296	310	osteoinductive	T042	C0029433
28324211	311	320	potential	T080	C3245505
28324211	324	335	progenitors	T025	C0038250
28324211	338	360	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28324211	362	365	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	386	392	marrow	T023	C0376152
28324211	393	399	spaces	T030	C0229984
28324211	403	418	cancellous bone	T024	C0222660
28324211	420	431	Iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28324211	446	455	autograft	T061	C0440800
28324211	456	466	donor site	T029	C1444716
28324211	492	501	increased	T081	C0205217
28324211	502	506	risk	T078	C0035647
28324211	511	521	donor site	T029	C1444716
28324211	522	526	pain	T184	C0030193
28324211	528	537	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28324211	542	551	infection	T046	C3714514
28324211	553	565	Degenerative	T169	C1880269
28324211	566	570	bone	T023	C0262950
28324211	571	578	samples	T167	C0370003
28324211	596	607	facetectomy	T061	C0546528
28324211	654	668	osteoinductive	T042	C0029433
28324211	669	679	autografts	T061	C0440800
28324211	689	694	study	T062	C2603343
28324211	712	728	intra-individual	T098	C0237401
28324211	729	739	comparison	T052	C1707455
28324211	747	757	osteogenic	T042	C0029433
28324211	758	767	potential	T080	C3245505
28324211	792	795	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	815	826	Iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28324211	831	843	degenerative	T169	C1880269
28324211	844	856	facet joints	T030	C0224521
28324211	895	903	patients	T101	C0030705
28324211	915	955	transforaminal lumbar interspinal fusion	T061	C0037935
28324211	963	985	lumbar spinal stenosis	T047	C0158288
28324211	987	990	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	1008	1029	collagenase digestion	T059	C0022885
28324211	1043	1050	plastic	T167	C0032167
28324211	1051	1060	adherence	T169	C1510802
28324211	1088	1105	downstream assays	T059	C0005507
28324211	1107	1117	Clonogenic	T080	C0205556
28324211	1122	1132	osteogenic	T042	C0029433
28324211	1133	1142	potential	T080	C3245505
28324211	1160	1183	colony formation assays	T059	C0009385
28324211	1187	1194	control	T130	C0973172
28324211	1199	1209	osteogenic	T042	C0029433
28324211	1210	1224	culture medium	T130	C0010454
28324211	1226	1236	Osteogenic	T042	C0029433
28324211	1237	1247	properties	T080	C0871161
28324211	1259	1279	alkaline phosphatase	T116,T126	C0002059
28324211	1281	1284	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
28324211	1286	1295	induction	T169	C0205263
28324211	1297	1303	matrix	T024	C0005962
28324211	1304	1318	mineralization	T042	C1533591
28324211	1323	1343	type I collagen mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28324211	1348	1366	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28324211	1392	1404	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28324211	1405	1427	histochemical staining	T059	C0487602
28324211	1432	1457	reverse transcription PCR	T063	C0599161
28324211	1471	1483	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
28324211	1500	1509	adipocyte	T025	C0206131
28324211	1510	1521	enumeration	T080	C1707927
28324211	1526	1550	gene expression analysis	T063	C1880945
28324211	1554	1564	adipogenic	T044	C0596843
28324211	1565	1572	markers	T201	C0005516
28324211	1582	1607	colony-forming efficiency	T081	C0013682
28324211	1611	1621	osteogenic	T042	C0029433
28324211	1622	1628	medium	T130	C0010454
28324211	1647	1658	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28324211	1674	1685	facet joint	T030	C0224521
28324211	1698	1708	Osteogenic	T042	C0029433
28324211	1709	1718	potential	T080	C3245505
28324211	1726	1732	clonal	T024	C1522642
28324211	1733	1738	level	T080	C0441889
28324211	1768	1779	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28324211	1784	1795	facet joint	T030	C0224521
28324211	1796	1799	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	1815	1825	Clonogenic	T080	C0205556
28324211	1830	1840	osteogenic	T042	C0029433
28324211	1841	1850	potential	T080	C3245505
28324211	1897	1902	donor	T098	C0013018
28324211	1903	1906	age	T032	C0001779
28324211	1908	1934	Osteogenic differentiation	T042	C0029433
28324211	1967	1979	ALP activity	T044	C1149888
28324211	1983	1994	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28324211	2009	2020	facet joint	T030	C0224521
28324211	2033	2036	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	2038	2044	Matrix	T024	C0005962
28324211	2045	2059	mineralization	T042	C1533591
28324211	2074	2086	Alizarin red	T109,T130	C0051163
28324211	2087	2095	staining	T059	C0487602
28324211	2100	2109	increased	T081	C0205217
28324211	2113	2139	osteogenic differentiation	T042	C0029433
28324211	2166	2169	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	2179	2197	Protein expression	T045	C1171362
28324211	2201	2216	type I collagen	T116,T123	C0041455
28324211	2237	2249	osteogenesis	T042	C0029433
28324211	2279	2290	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28324211	2291	2294	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	2313	2324	COL1A2 mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28324211	2325	2335	expression	T045	C1515670
28324211	2350	2379	osteogenically differentiated	T042	C0029433
28324211	2380	2383	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	2389	2400	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28324211	2402	2411	Adipocyte	T025	C0206131
28324211	2412	2419	numbers	T081	C0237753
28324211	2459	2470	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28324211	2485	2496	facet joint	T030	C0224521
28324211	2507	2510	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	2517	2527	osteogenic	T042	C0029433
28324211	2540	2548	Negative	T033	C0205160
28324211	2550	2555	GREM1	T116,T123	C1438932
28324211	2561	2569	positive	T033	C1446409
28324211	2571	2576	FABP4	T116,T123	C1312689
28324211	2578	2588	adipogenic	T044	C0596843
28324211	2589	2596	markers	T201	C0005516
28324211	2648	2651	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	2657	2668	iliac crest	T023	C0223651
28324211	2673	2685	degenerative	T169	C1880269
28324211	2686	2698	facet joints	T030	C0224521
28324211	2723	2733	clonogenic	T080	C0205556
28324211	2738	2748	osteogenic	T042	C0029433
28324211	2760	2768	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28324211	2770	2781	Differences	T080	C1705242
28324211	2789	2798	molecular	T080	C1521991
28324211	2799	2804	level	T080	C0441889
28324211	2823	2829	impair	T081	C0547047
28324211	2834	2848	osteoinductive	T042	C0029433
28324211	2849	2857	capacity	T080	C3245505
28324211	2861	2872	facet joint	T030	C0224521
28324211	2873	2876	MSC	T025	C1257975
28324211	2878	2893	Bone autografts	T061	C0440800
28324211	2899	2910	facetectomy	T061	C0546528
28324211	2943	2958	bone autografts	T061	C0440800
28324211	2963	2977	intervertebral	T029	C0442106
28324211	2978	2991	spinal fusion	T061	C0037935
28324211	2995	3017	lumbar spinal stenosis	T047	C0158288

28324284|t|Nonoperative Management or 'Watch and Wait' for Rectal Cancer with Complete Clinical Response After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy: A Critical Appraisal
28324284|a|There is increasing interest in nonoperative management (NOM) for rectal cancer with complete clinical response (cCR) after neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT). The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on NOM, with the intention of formulating standardized protocols on which to base future investigations. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted. A highly sensitive literature search identified all relevant studies published between January 2004 and December 2016. Data extraction and quality assessment was performed independently by two authors, and resolved by consensus with a third reviewer. In total, 15 studies, including 920 patients, met the inclusion criteria; 575 (62.5%) of these patients underwent NOM after cCR, with the remaining patients forming a surgical control group. The weighted mean follow-up was 39.4 (12.7) months in the NOM group and 39.8 (5.1) months in the surgery group. The pooled regrowth rate in the NOM group was 21.3% at a mean of 15.6 (7.0) months. Surgical salvage was possible and was undertaken in 93.2% of these patients. Overall survival in the NOM group was 91.7%, while disease-free survival was 82.7%. For the comparison proctectomy group, pooled rates of local recurrence, overall survival, and disease-free survival were 8.4, 92.4, and 87.5%, respectively. NOM may be a feasible option for surgically eligible rectal cancer patients with cCR after nCRT. Before such a strategy can be widely implemented, further prospective data are required with standardized definitions, diagnostic criteria, and management protocols, with an emphasis on shared patient-provider decision making and patient-centered outcomes.
28324284	0	23	Nonoperative Management	T058	C1254363
28324284	48	61	Rectal Cancer	T191	C0007113
28324284	67	93	Complete Clinical Response	T033	C4050094
28324284	100	129	Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28324284	184	207	nonoperative management	T058	C1254363
28324284	209	212	NOM	T058	C1254363
28324284	218	231	rectal cancer	T191	C0007113
28324284	237	263	complete clinical response	T033	C4050094
28324284	265	268	cCR	T033	C4050094
28324284	276	302	neoadjuvant chemoradiation	T061	C0436307
28324284	304	308	nCRT	T061	C0436307
28324284	327	344	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28324284	384	387	NOM	T058	C1254363
28324284	423	445	standardized protocols	T170	C0442711
28324284	470	484	investigations	T058	C1261322
28324284	488	505	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28324284	520	586	Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses	T170	C0282574
28324284	588	594	PRISMA	T170	C0282574
28324284	596	606	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28324284	641	658	literature search	T170	C0178732
28324284	683	690	studies	T062	C2603343
28324284	709	716	January	T080	C3829466
28324284	726	734	December	T080	C3830550
28324284	741	756	Data extraction	T062	C1707635
28324284	761	779	quality assessment	T080	C0205556
28324284	815	822	authors	T097	C3812881
28324284	840	849	consensus	T054	C0376298
28324284	863	871	reviewer	T097	C1707338
28324284	886	893	studies	T062	C2603343
28324284	909	917	patients	T101	C0030705
28324284	968	976	patients	T101	C0030705
28324284	987	990	NOM	T058	C1254363
28324284	997	1000	cCR	T033	C4050094
28324284	1021	1029	patients	T101	C0030705
28324284	1040	1062	surgical control group	T078	C0441833
28324284	1082	1091	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28324284	1108	1114	months	T079	C0439231
28324284	1122	1131	NOM group	T078	C0441833
28324284	1147	1153	months	T079	C0439231
28324284	1161	1174	surgery group	T078	C0441833
28324284	1187	1195	regrowth	T033	C0243095
28324284	1208	1217	NOM group	T078	C0441833
28324284	1252	1258	months	T079	C0439231
28324284	1260	1276	Surgical salvage	T058	C0587668
28324284	1327	1335	patients	T101	C0030705
28324284	1337	1353	Overall survival	T081	C4086681
28324284	1361	1370	NOM group	T078	C0441833
28324284	1388	1409	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
28324284	1440	1451	proctectomy	T061	C0193062
28324284	1452	1457	group	T101	C0030705
28324284	1493	1509	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28324284	1515	1536	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
28324284	1578	1581	NOM	T058	C1254363
28324284	1611	1621	surgically	T058	C0587668
28324284	1631	1644	rectal cancer	T191	C0007113
28324284	1645	1653	patients	T101	C0030705
28324284	1659	1662	cCR	T033	C4050094
28324284	1669	1673	nCRT	T061	C0436307
28324284	1745	1749	data	T062	C0010995
28324284	1781	1792	definitions	T170	C1704788
28324284	1794	1813	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
28324284	1819	1839	management protocols	T170	C0542547
28324284	1868	1884	patient-provider	T097	C0018724
28324284	1885	1900	decision making	T041	C0011109
28324284	1905	1930	patient-centered outcomes	T062	C1518914

28326653|t|The impact of childhood maltreatment on the differential efficacy of CBASP versus escitalopram in patients with chronic depression: A secondary analysis
28326653|a|Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been indicated as a predictor of a differential response to antidepressant treatment with psychotherapy compared to medication. In this secondary analysis, we investigated whether the presence of CM results in a differential indication for the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) or escitalopram plus clinical management (ESC). Sixty patients with chronic depression were randomized to either 22 sessions of CBASP or ESC over the course of 8 weeks of acute and 20 weeks of extended treatment at 2 German treatment sites. CM was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the clinician rated Early Trauma Inventory. Intention-to-treat analyses were used to examine the impact of CM on depression, global functioning, and quality of life. The presence of CM did not result in significant differences in treatment response to CBASP or ESC on any outcome measure after 28 weeks of treatment independent of the type of CM assessment. After 8 weeks, a significant CM × treatment interaction was found for scores on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Patients with a history of CM receiving CBASP had a significantly lower response rate compared to patients without CM and to those receiving ESC after 8 weeks. Conclusively, CBASP and ESC are equally effective treatment options for the difficult to treat subgroup of patients with chronic depression and a history of CM. CM may be a predictor of a longer latency of treatment response in the case of psychotherapy. CBASP and escitalopram are equally effective treatment options for chronic depression. Both treatments are also equally effective for the difficult to treat subgroup of patients with chronic depression and a history of childhood maltreatment. Childhood maltreatment may result in a longer latency of treatment response in the case of psychotherapy.
28326653	4	10	impact	T080	C4049986
28326653	14	36	childhood maltreatment	T048	C0008060
28326653	44	56	differential	T080	C0443199
28326653	57	65	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28326653	69	74	CBASP	T061	C0033968
28326653	82	94	escitalopram	T109,T121	C1099456
28326653	98	106	patients	T101	C0030705
28326653	112	130	chronic depression	T048	C0581391
28326653	134	152	secondary analysis	UnknownType	C0683944
28326653	153	175	Childhood maltreatment	T048	C0008060
28326653	177	179	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	190	199	indicated	T033	C1444656
28326653	205	214	predictor	T078	C2698872
28326653	220	232	differential	T080	C0443199
28326653	233	241	response	T032	C0871261
28326653	245	269	antidepressant treatment	T061	C1096649
28326653	275	288	psychotherapy	T061	C0033968
28326653	289	297	compared	T052	C1707455
28326653	301	311	medication	T121	C0013227
28326653	321	339	secondary analysis	UnknownType	C0683944
28326653	344	356	investigated	T169	C1292732
28326653	369	377	presence	T080	C3854307
28326653	381	383	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	384	391	results	T169	C1274040
28326653	397	409	differential	T080	C0443199
28326653	410	420	indication	T078	C3146298
28326653	429	482	Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy	T061	C0033968
28326653	484	489	CBASP	T061	C0033968
28326653	494	506	escitalopram	T109,T121	C1099456
28326653	512	531	clinical management	T058	C1516615
28326653	533	536	ESC	T109,T121	C1099456
28326653	545	553	patients	T101	C0030705
28326653	559	577	chronic depression	T048	C0581391
28326653	583	593	randomized	T062	C0034656
28326653	607	615	sessions	T077	C1883017
28326653	619	624	CBASP	T061	C0033968
28326653	628	631	ESC	T109,T121	C1099456
28326653	641	647	course	T079	C0750729
28326653	651	658	8 weeks	T079	C0439230
28326653	662	667	acute	T079	C0205178
28326653	672	680	20 weeks	T079	C0439230
28326653	684	692	extended	T169	C0231448
28326653	693	702	treatment	T061	C0087111
28326653	708	714	German	T083	C0017480
28326653	715	730	treatment sites	T082	C0337950
28326653	732	734	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	739	747	assessed	T052	C1516048
28326653	758	767	Childhood	T079	C0231335
28326653	768	774	Trauma	T080	C1510467
28326653	775	788	Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28326653	797	806	clinician	T097	C0871685
28326653	807	812	rated	T052	C0871208
28326653	813	835	Early Trauma Inventory	T170	C0282574
28326653	837	864	Intention-to-treat analyses	T062	C2718028
28326653	890	896	impact	T080	C4049986
28326653	900	902	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	906	916	depression	T048	C0011570
28326653	918	936	global functioning	T060	C0017644
28326653	942	957	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28326653	963	971	presence	T080	C3854307
28326653	975	977	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	986	992	result	T169	C1274040
28326653	996	1007	significant	T078	C0750502
28326653	1008	1019	differences	T080	C1705242
28326653	1023	1041	treatment response	T201	C0521982
28326653	1045	1050	CBASP	T061	C0033968
28326653	1054	1057	ESC	T109,T121	C1099456
28326653	1065	1080	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
28326653	1087	1095	28 weeks	T079	C0439230
28326653	1099	1108	treatment	T061	C0087111
28326653	1109	1123	independent of	T169	C0332291
28326653	1136	1138	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	1139	1149	assessment	T058	C0220825
28326653	1157	1164	8 weeks	T079	C0439230
28326653	1168	1179	significant	T078	C0750502
28326653	1180	1182	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	1185	1194	treatment	T061	C0087111
28326653	1195	1206	interaction	T169	C1704675
28326653	1211	1216	found	T033	C0150312
28326653	1221	1227	scores	T081	C0449820
28326653	1235	1276	Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale	T170	C4054475
28326653	1278	1286	Patients	T101	C0030705
28326653	1294	1301	history	T033	C0262926
28326653	1305	1307	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	1308	1317	receiving	T080	C1514756
28326653	1318	1323	CBASP	T061	C0033968
28326653	1330	1349	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28326653	1350	1363	response rate	T079	C0237629
28326653	1364	1372	compared	T052	C1707455
28326653	1376	1384	patients	T101	C0030705
28326653	1393	1395	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	1409	1418	receiving	T080	C1514756
28326653	1419	1422	ESC	T109,T121	C1099456
28326653	1429	1436	8 weeks	T079	C0439230
28326653	1438	1450	Conclusively	T080	C2828146
28326653	1452	1457	CBASP	T061	C0033968
28326653	1462	1465	ESC	T109,T121	C1099456
28326653	1478	1487	effective	T080	C1704419
28326653	1488	1497	treatment	T061	C0087111
28326653	1514	1523	difficult	T080	C0332218
28326653	1527	1532	treat	T169	C1522326
28326653	1533	1541	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28326653	1545	1553	patients	T101	C0030705
28326653	1559	1577	chronic depression	T048	C0581391
28326653	1584	1591	history	T033	C0262926
28326653	1595	1597	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	1599	1601	CM	T048	C0008060
28326653	1611	1620	predictor	T078	C2698872
28326653	1626	1632	longer	T080	C0205166
28326653	1633	1640	latency	T079	C0023103
28326653	1644	1662	treatment response	T201	C0521982
28326653	1670	1674	case	T169	C0868928
28326653	1678	1691	psychotherapy	T061	C0033968
28326653	1693	1698	CBASP	T061	C0033968
28326653	1703	1715	escitalopram	T109,T121	C1099456
28326653	1728	1737	effective	T080	C1704419
28326653	1738	1747	treatment	T061	C0087111
28326653	1760	1778	chronic depression	T048	C0581391
28326653	1785	1795	treatments	T061	C0087111
28326653	1813	1822	effective	T080	C1704419
28326653	1831	1840	difficult	T080	C0332218
28326653	1844	1849	treat	T169	C1522326
28326653	1850	1858	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28326653	1862	1870	patients	T101	C0030705
28326653	1876	1894	chronic depression	T048	C0581391
28326653	1901	1908	history	T033	C0262926
28326653	1912	1934	childhood maltreatment	T048	C0008060
28326653	1936	1958	Childhood maltreatment	T048	C0008060
28326653	1963	1969	result	T169	C1274040
28326653	1975	1981	longer	T080	C0205166
28326653	1982	1989	latency	T079	C0023103
28326653	1993	2011	treatment response	T201	C0521982
28326653	2019	2023	case	T169	C0868928
28326653	2027	2040	psychotherapy	T061	C0033968

28326790|t|Nerve cells decide to orient inside an injectable hydrogel with minimal structural guidance
28326790|a|Injectable biomaterials provide the advantage of a minimally invasive application but mostly lack the required structural complexity to regenerate aligned tissues. Here, we report a new class of tissue regenerative materials that can be injected and form an anisotropic matrix with controlled dimensions using rod-shaped, magnetoceptive microgel objects. Microgels are doped with small quantities of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (0.0046 vol%), allowing alignment by external magnetic fields in the millitesla order. The microgels are dispersed in a biocompatible gel precursor, and after injection and orientation, fixed inside the matrix hydrogel. Regardless of the low volume concentration of the microgels below 3 %, at which the geometrical constrain for orientation is still minimum, the generated macroscopic unidirectional orientation is strongly sensed by the cells resulting in parallel nerve extension. This finding opens a new, minimal invasive route for therapy after spinal cord injury.
28326790	0	11	Nerve cells	T025	C0027882
28326790	39	49	injectable	T121	C0086466
28326790	50	58	hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
28326790	72	82	structural	T082	C0678594
28326790	92	102	Injectable	T121	C0086466
28326790	103	115	biomaterials	T122	C0005479
28326790	143	173	minimally invasive application	T061	C0282624
28326790	228	254	regenerate aligned tissues	T042	C1623047
28326790	287	293	tissue	T024	C0040300
28326790	294	316	regenerative materials	T121	C1254351
28326790	350	368	anisotropic matrix	T082	C1704640
28326790	385	395	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28326790	402	412	rod-shaped	T082	C1947942
28326790	414	445	magnetoceptive microgel objects	T073	C3273359
28326790	447	456	Microgels	T122	C0017243
28326790	492	534	superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles	T130,T197	C3652446
28326790	559	568	alignment	T081	C1706765
28326790	572	580	external	T082	C0205101
28326790	581	596	magnetic fields	T070	C0563533
28326790	626	635	microgels	T122	C0017243
28326790	655	668	biocompatible	T122	C0005479
28326790	669	672	gel	T122	C0017243
28326790	673	682	precursor	T078	C1709634
28326790	694	703	injection	T061	C1533685
28326790	708	719	orientation	T082	C1704322
28326790	738	744	matrix	T082	C1704640
28326790	745	753	hydrogel	T109,T121	C0063083
28326790	773	797	low volume concentration	T081	C1446561
28326790	805	814	microgels	T122	C0017243
28326790	865	876	orientation	T082	C1704322
28326790	909	920	macroscopic	T080	C0439806
28326790	921	947	unidirectional orientation	T082	C1704322
28326790	974	979	cells	T025	C0007634
28326790	993	1017	parallel nerve extension	T043	C0007613
28326790	1024	1031	finding	T033	C0243095
28326790	1045	1079	minimal invasive route for therapy	T061	C0282624
28326790	1086	1104	spinal cord injury	T037	C0037929

28326936|t|A role for the locus coeruleus in the analgesic efficacy of N-acetylaspartylglutamate peptidase (GCPII) inhibitors ZJ43 and 2-PMPA
28326936|a|N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is the third most prevalent and widely distributed neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system. NAAG activates a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR3) and is inactivated by an extracellular enzyme, glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) in vivo. Inhibitors of this enzyme are analgesic in animal models of inflammatory, neuropathic and bone cancer pain. NAAG and GCPII are present in the locus coeruleus, a center for the descending noradrenergic inhibitory pain system. In the formalin footpad model, systemic treatment with GCPII inhibitors reduces both phases of the inflammatory pain response and increases release of spinal noradrenaline. This analgesic efficacy is blocked by systemic injection of a group II mGluR antagonist, by intrathecal (spinal) injection of an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist and by microinjection of an α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist directly into the contralateral locus coeruleus. Footpad inflammation increases release of glutamate in the contralateral locus coeruleu s and systemic treatment with a GCPII inhibitor blocks this increase. Direct injection of GCPII inhibitors into the contralateral or ipsilatera l locus coeruleus reduces both phases of the inflammatory pain response in a dose-dependent manner and the contralateral effect also is blocked by intrathecal injection of an alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist. These data support the hypothesis that the analgesic efficacy of systemically administered GCPII inhibitors is mediated, at least in part, by the contralatera l locus coeruleus via group II mGluR, AMPA and alpha 2 adrenergic receptors.
28326936	15	30	locus coeruleus	T023	C0023951
28326936	38	56	analgesic efficacy	T033	C0948482
28326936	60	95	N-acetylaspartylglutamate peptidase	T116,T126	C0067685
28326936	97	102	GCPII	T116,T126	C0067685
28326936	104	114	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28326936	115	119	ZJ43	T109,T121	C1451894
28326936	124	130	2-PMPA	T109	C0910831
28326936	131	156	N-acetylaspartylglutamate	T116,T121	C0130693
28326936	158	162	NAAG	T116,T121	C0130693
28326936	215	231	neurotransmitter	T123	C0027908
28326936	239	248	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28326936	249	263	nervous system	T022	C0027763
28326936	265	269	NAAG	T116,T121	C0130693
28326936	270	279	activates	T052	C1879547
28326936	282	322	group II metabotropic glutamate receptor	T116,T192	C0532371
28326936	324	330	mGluR3	T116,T192	C0532371
28326936	357	408	extracellular enzyme, glutamate carboxypeptidase II	T116,T126	C0067685
28326936	410	415	GCPII	T116,T126	C0067685
28326936	417	424	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28326936	426	451	Inhibitors of this enzyme	T121	C0014432
28326936	456	465	analgesic	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
28326936	469	482	animal models	T008	C0599779
28326936	486	498	inflammatory	T184	C0234251
28326936	500	511	neuropathic	T033	C3714625
28326936	516	527	bone cancer	T191	C0279530
28326936	528	532	pain	T184	C0030193
28326936	534	538	NAAG	T116,T121	C0130693
28326936	543	548	GCPII	T116,T126	C0067685
28326936	568	583	locus coeruleus	T023	C0023951
28326936	613	626	noradrenergic	T044	C0599861
28326936	627	637	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28326936	658	666	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0949307
28326936	667	674	footpad	T023	C2985236
28326936	675	680	model	T050	C0012644
28326936	682	690	systemic	T169	C0205373
28326936	691	700	treatment	T169	C0039798
28326936	706	722	GCPII inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28326936	750	767	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
28326936	768	776	response	T032	C0871261
28326936	802	808	spinal	T082	C0521329
28326936	809	822	noradrenaline	T109,T121,T125	C0028351
28326936	829	847	analgesic efficacy	T033	C0948482
28326936	851	858	blocked	T169	C0332206
28326936	862	870	systemic	T169	C0205373
28326936	871	880	injection	T061	C0021485
28326936	886	900	group II mGluR	T116,T192	C0532371
28326936	901	911	antagonist	T121	C1254351
28326936	916	946	intrathecal (spinal) injection	T061	C0021896
28326936	953	991	alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist	T121	C0304513
28326936	999	1013	microinjection	T061	C0025991
28326936	1020	1099	α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist	T121	C1254351
28326936	1118	1131	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28326936	1132	1147	locus coeruleus	T023	C0023951
28326936	1149	1156	Footpad	T023	C2985236
28326936	1157	1169	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28326936	1191	1200	glutamate	T116	C0017789
28326936	1208	1221	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28326936	1222	1236	locus coeruleu	T023	C0023951
28326936	1243	1251	systemic	T169	C0205373
28326936	1252	1261	treatment	T169	C0039798
28326936	1269	1284	GCPII inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28326936	1285	1291	blocks	T169	C0332206
28326936	1307	1313	Direct	T080	C1947931
28326936	1314	1323	injection	T061	C0021485
28326936	1327	1343	GCPII inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28326936	1353	1366	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28326936	1370	1380	ipsilatera	T082	C0441989
28326936	1383	1398	locus coeruleus	T023	C0023951
28326936	1426	1443	inflammatory pain	T184	C0234251
28326936	1444	1452	response	T032	C0871261
28326936	1458	1472	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
28326936	1488	1501	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28326936	1502	1508	effect	T080	C1280500
28326936	1517	1524	blocked	T169	C0332206
28326936	1528	1549	intrathecal injection	T061	C0021896
28326936	1556	1594	alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist	T121	C0304513
28326936	1619	1629	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28326936	1639	1657	analgesic efficacy	T033	C0948482
28326936	1687	1703	GCPII inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28326936	1742	1754	contralatera	T082	C0441988
28326936	1757	1772	locus coeruleus	T023	C0023951
28326936	1777	1791	group II mGluR	T116,T192	C0532371
28326936	1793	1797	AMPA	T116,T192	C1528634
28326936	1802	1830	alpha 2 adrenergic receptors	T116,T192	C0001639

28327105|t|Association of physical activity on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the Korean population (from the fifth Korea national health and nutrition examination survey, 2008-2011)
28327105|a|Data regarding associations among physical activity (PA) level, body composition, and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in Asian populations are rare. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was utilized to estimate PA levels and analyze the association of PA level with various body composition parameters and the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases by using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2011. Moderate and high PA levels were associated with lower prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and lower concentrations of serum ferritin, parathyroid hormone, and alkaline phosphatase. Sarcopenia (low vs. moderate vs. high PA group: 14.3% vs. 10.5% vs. 7.3%, p = 0.001), underweight (5.7% vs. 4.9% vs. 3.5%, p = 0.001), and central obesity (7.8% vs. 6.9% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.002) were more often observed in the low PA group. The prevalence rates of cardiovascular diseases were lower in the moderate (odds ratio [OR], 0.822; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.737-0.916; p = 0.001) and high activity groups (OR, 0.663; 95% CI, 0.589-0.748; p = 0.001) than in the low activity group, even after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, underlying disease, and general or abdominal obesity and muscle mass. Regular physical activity was associated with a low prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (stroke, myocardial infarction, stable angina, and chronic renal disease), which was independent of body composition and conventional risk factors in the Korean population, with a positive dose-response relationship.
28327105	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28327105	15	32	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28327105	36	52	body composition	T032	C0005885
28327105	54	82	cardiometabolic risk factors	T033	C0035648
28327105	88	98	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28327105	102	124	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28327105	132	149	Korean population	T098	C1556095
28327105	166	171	Korea	T083	C0022771
28327105	172	220	national health and nutrition examination survey	T062	C0376344
28327105	233	237	Data	T078	C1511726
28327105	248	260	associations	T080	C0439849
28327105	267	284	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28327105	286	288	PA	T056	C0026606
28327105	290	295	level	T080	C0441889
28327105	297	313	body composition	T032	C0005885
28327105	319	329	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28327105	333	356	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28327105	360	377	Asian populations	T081	C0032659
28327105	382	386	rare	T080	C0522498
28327105	392	437	International Physical Activity Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28327105	439	443	IPAQ	T170	C0034394
28327105	461	469	estimate	T081	C0750572
28327105	470	472	PA	T056	C0026606
28327105	473	479	levels	T080	C0441889
28327105	484	491	analyze	T062	C0936012
28327105	496	507	association	T080	C0439849
28327105	511	513	PA	T056	C0026606
28327105	514	519	level	T080	C0441889
28327105	533	549	body composition	T032	C0005885
28327105	550	560	parameters	T077	C0549193
28327105	569	579	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28327105	583	606	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28327105	616	620	data	T078	C1511726
28327105	630	636	Korean	T083	C0022771
28327105	637	685	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0376344
28327105	705	713	Moderate	T080	C0205081
28327105	718	722	high	T080	C0205250
28327105	723	725	PA	T056	C0026606
28327105	726	732	levels	T080	C0441889
28327105	738	748	associated	T080	C0439849
28327105	754	770	lower prevalence	T081	C1518029
28327105	774	786	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28327105	791	808	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28327105	814	819	lower	T080	C0205251
28327105	820	834	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28327105	838	852	serum ferritin	T033	C4076066
28327105	854	873	parathyroid hormone	T033	C4314193
28327105	879	899	alkaline phosphatase	T033	C1860130
28327105	901	911	Sarcopenia	T047	C0872084
28327105	913	916	low	T080	C0205251
28327105	921	929	moderate	T080	C0205081
28327105	934	938	high	T080	C0205250
28327105	939	941	PA	T056	C0026606
28327105	942	947	group	T078	C0441833
28327105	975	976	p	T081	C1709380
28327105	987	998	underweight	T033	C0041667
28327105	1040	1055	central obesity	T033	C0311277
28327105	1108	1116	observed	T169	C1441672
28327105	1124	1127	low	T080	C0205251
28327105	1128	1130	PA	T056	C0026606
28327105	1131	1136	group	T078	C0441833
28327105	1142	1152	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28327105	1153	1158	rates	T081	C1521828
28327105	1162	1185	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28327105	1191	1196	lower	T080	C0205251
28327105	1204	1212	moderate	T080	C0205081
28327105	1214	1224	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28327105	1226	1228	OR	T081	C0028873
28327105	1242	1261	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28327105	1263	1265	CI	T081	C0009667
28327105	1281	1282	p	T081	C1709380
28327105	1296	1300	high	T080	C0205250
28327105	1301	1309	activity	T056	C0026606
28327105	1310	1316	groups	T078	C0441833
28327105	1318	1320	OR	T081	C0028873
28327105	1333	1335	CI	T081	C0009667
28327105	1350	1351	p	T081	C1709380
28327105	1373	1376	low	T080	C0205251
28327105	1377	1385	activity	T056	C0026606
28327105	1386	1391	group	T078	C0441833
28327105	1418	1421	age	T032	C0001779
28327105	1423	1426	sex	T032	C0079399
28327105	1428	1435	smoking	T055	C0037369
28327105	1437	1455	underlying disease	T047	C0012634
28327105	1461	1468	general	T047	C0028754
28327105	1472	1489	abdominal obesity	T033	C0311277
28327105	1494	1505	muscle mass	T033	C0240417
28327105	1507	1532	Regular physical activity	UnknownType	C0815170
28327105	1537	1547	associated	T080	C0439849
28327105	1555	1569	low prevalence	T081	C1518029
28327105	1573	1596	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28327105	1598	1604	stroke	T037	C0018843
28327105	1606	1627	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28327105	1629	1642	stable angina	T047	C0340288
28327105	1648	1669	chronic renal disease	T047	C1561643
28327105	1682	1696	independent of	T169	C0332291
28327105	1697	1713	body composition	T032	C0005885
28327105	1731	1743	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28327105	1751	1768	Korean population	T098	C1556095
28327105	1777	1785	positive	T033	C1446409
28327105	1786	1812	dose-response relationship	T038	C0678790

28327345|t|Immunoassays for riboflavin and flavin mononucleotide using antibodies specific to d-ribitol and d-ribitol-5-phosphate
28327345|a|Riboflavin (vitamin B2), a water-soluble vitamin, plays a key role in maintaining human health. Though, numerous methods have been reported for the determination of total riboflavin (TRF) content in foods and biological samples, very few methods are reported for quantifying riboflavin and its coenzymes [flavin mononucleotide (FMN); flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)] individually. Recently, we have demonstrated that antibodies specific to d-ribitol and d-ribitol-5-phosphate also recognize riboflavin and FMN, respectively, and not vice-versa. In this study, we have evaluated these two antibodies for the analysis of riboflavin and FMN by indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) in selected foods and pharmaceuticals. Under the optimal assay conditions, 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) and limit of detection (LOD, IC10) were 3.41ng/mL and 0.02ng/mL for riboflavin, and 7.84ng/mL and 0.24ng/mL for FMN, respectively, with detectable concentration range between 0.1 and 100ng of analytes and <0.1% cross-reactivity with other water-soluble vitamins. The amounts of TRF in food samples, as analyzed by icELISA using ribitol antibody, were 90-95% of the reported values in the literature or label values. Quantification of individual flavins (riboflavin and FMN) from the same food samples showed variation in their values compared to TRF, and were in good agreement with values obtained from HPLC and AOAC methods. Further, spiking and recovery analysis of food samples and pharmaceuticals showed no significant matrix effects. The immunoassays were validated in terms of accuracy and precision using inter- and intra-assays. The immunoassays developed in this study are sensitive and appears feasible for screening a large number of samples in the quantification of riboflavin and FMN in various biological samples, pharmaceuticals and natural / processed foods.
28327345	0	12	Immunoassays	T059	C0020980
28327345	17	27	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	32	53	flavin mononucleotide	T114,T121,T127	C0016388
28327345	60	70	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28327345	83	92	d-ribitol	T109,T123	C0035526
28327345	97	118	d-ribitol-5-phosphate	T109	C0071669
28327345	119	129	Riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	131	141	vitamin B2	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	146	167	water-soluble vitamin	T109,T121,T127	C0259754
28327345	181	185	role	T077	C1705810
28327345	189	200	maintaining	T052	C0024501
28327345	201	206	human	T016	C0086418
28327345	207	213	health	T078	C0018684
28327345	223	231	numerous	T081	C0439064
28327345	232	239	methods	T170	C0025663
28327345	250	258	reported	T170	C0684224
28327345	267	280	determination	T059	C1148554
28327345	284	314	total riboflavin (TRF) content	T059	C0523880
28327345	318	323	foods	T168	C0016452
28327345	328	346	biological samples	T077	C2347026
28327345	357	364	methods	T170	C0025663
28327345	369	377	reported	T170	C0684224
28327345	382	393	quantifying	T081	C1709793
28327345	394	404	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	413	422	coenzymes	T109,T123	C0009235
28327345	424	445	flavin mononucleotide	T114,T121,T127	C0016388
28327345	447	450	FMN	T114,T121,T127	C0016388
28327345	453	480	flavin adenine dinucleotide	T114,T123	C0015540
28327345	482	485	FAD	T114,T123	C0015540
28327345	538	548	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28327345	561	570	d-ribitol	T109,T123	C0035526
28327345	575	596	d-ribitol-5-phosphate	T109	C0071669
28327345	612	622	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	627	630	FMN	T114,T121,T127	C0016388
28327345	674	679	study	T062	C2603343
28327345	689	698	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28327345	709	719	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28327345	728	736	analysis	T062	C0936012
28327345	740	750	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	755	758	FMN	T114,T121,T127	C0016388
28327345	762	770	indirect	T080	C0439852
28327345	771	782	competitive	T044	C0005458
28327345	783	788	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28327345	790	797	icELISA	T059	C0014441
28327345	811	816	foods	T168	C0016452
28327345	821	836	pharmaceuticals	T121	C0013227
28327345	848	855	optimal	T080	C2698651
28327345	856	861	assay	T059	C1510438
28327345	862	872	conditions	T080	C0348080
28327345	874	902	50% inhibition concentration	T081	C0600495
28327345	904	908	IC50	T081	C0600495
28327345	914	932	limit of detection	T081	C2718050
28327345	934	937	LOD	T081	C2718050
28327345	939	943	IC10	T034	C1304747
28327345	978	988	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	1022	1025	FMN	T114,T121,T127	C0016388
28327345	1046	1056	detectable	T201	C3830527
28327345	1057	1070	concentration	T081	C1446561
28327345	1071	1076	range	T081	C1514721
28327345	1102	1110	analytes	T167	C0443354
28327345	1121	1137	cross-reactivity	T044	C0010357
28327345	1149	1171	water-soluble vitamins	T109,T121,T127	C0259754
28327345	1177	1184	amounts	T081	C1265611
28327345	1188	1191	TRF	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	1195	1207	food samples	T167	C0444315
28327345	1212	1220	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28327345	1224	1231	icELISA	T059	C0014441
28327345	1238	1245	ribitol	T109,T123	C0035526
28327345	1246	1254	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28327345	1284	1290	values	T081	C1522609
28327345	1298	1308	literature	T170	C0023866
28327345	1318	1324	values	T081	C1522609
28327345	1326	1340	Quantification	T081	C1709793
28327345	1355	1362	flavins	T109	C0016213
28327345	1364	1374	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	1379	1382	FMN	T114,T121,T127	C0016388
28327345	1398	1410	food samples	T167	C0444315
28327345	1418	1427	variation	T080	C0205419
28327345	1437	1443	values	T081	C1522609
28327345	1456	1459	TRF	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	1473	1477	good	T080	C0205170
28327345	1478	1487	agreement	T170	C4255373
28327345	1493	1499	values	T081	C1522609
28327345	1514	1518	HPLC	T059	C0008562
28327345	1523	1527	AOAC	T059	C0022885
28327345	1528	1535	methods	T170	C0025663
28327345	1558	1566	recovery	T052	C0237820
28327345	1567	1575	analysis	T062	C0936012
28327345	1579	1591	food samples	T167	C0444315
28327345	1596	1611	pharmaceuticals	T121	C0013227
28327345	1619	1633	no significant	T033	C1273937
28327345	1634	1640	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
28327345	1641	1648	effects	T080	C1280500
28327345	1654	1666	immunoassays	T059	C0020980
28327345	1672	1681	validated	T081	C2349101
28327345	1685	1690	terms	T078	C1705313
28327345	1694	1702	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28327345	1707	1716	precision	T080	C1706245
28327345	1723	1729	inter-	T059	C1510438
28327345	1734	1746	intra-assays	T059	C1510438
28327345	1752	1764	immunoassays	T059	C0020980
28327345	1783	1788	study	T062	C2603343
28327345	1793	1802	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28327345	1807	1814	appears	T080	C0700364
28327345	1828	1837	screening	T058	C1710032
28327345	1840	1845	large	T081	C0549177
28327345	1846	1852	number	T081	C0449788
28327345	1856	1863	samples	T167	C0370003
28327345	1871	1885	quantification	T081	C1709793
28327345	1889	1899	riboflavin	T109,T121,T127	C0035527
28327345	1904	1907	FMN	T114,T121,T127	C0016388
28327345	1919	1937	biological samples	T077	C2347026
28327345	1939	1954	pharmaceuticals	T121	C0013227
28327345	1959	1966	natural	T168	C3826322
28327345	1969	1984	processed foods	T168	C0016452

28327595|t|X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis inhibits apoptosis and preserves the blood-brain barrier after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
28327595|a|Early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) strongly determines the prognosis of patients suffering from an aneurysm rupture, and apoptosis is associated with early brain injury after SAH. This study was designed to explore the role of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) in early brain injury following SAH. The expression of XIAP was detected using western blotting and real-time RT-PCR in an autologous blood injection model of SAH. We also studied the role of XIAP in early brain injury and detected apoptosis-related proteins. The results showed that XIAP was significantly up-regulated in the cortex and hippocampus and that XIAP was mainly expressed in neuronal cells following SAH. The inhibition of endogenous XIAP aggravated blood-brain barrier disruption, neurological deficits and brain edema. Recombinant XIAP preserved the blood-brain barrier, improved the neurological scores and ameliorated brain edema. Recombinant XIAP treatment also decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, whereas there was no effect on the expression of p53, apoptosis-inducing factor or cytochrome c. These results show that XIAP acts as an endogenous neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic agent following SAH. The effects of XIAP on early brain injury was associated with the inhibition of the caspase -dependent apoptosis pathway.
28327595	0	31	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	41	50	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28327595	69	88	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
28327595	108	131	subarachnoid hemorrhage	T047	C0038525
28327595	138	150	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28327595	161	184	subarachnoid hemorrhage	T047	C0038525
28327595	186	189	SAH	T047	C0038525
28327595	215	224	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28327595	228	236	patients	T101	C0030705
28327595	255	271	aneurysm rupture	T047	C0162869
28327595	277	286	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28327595	312	324	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28327595	331	334	SAH	T047	C0038525
28327595	341	346	study	T062	C2603343
28327595	383	414	X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	416	420	XIAP	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	431	443	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28327595	454	457	SAH	T047	C0038525
28327595	463	473	expression	T045	C1171362
28327595	477	481	XIAP	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	501	517	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28327595	522	538	real-time RT-PCR	T063	C1709846
28327595	545	577	autologous blood injection model	T061	C0849679
28327595	581	584	SAH	T047	C0038525
28327595	614	618	XIAP	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	628	640	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28327595	654	680	apoptosis-related proteins	T116,T123	C1565115
28327595	706	710	XIAP	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	729	741	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28327595	749	755	cortex	T023	C0007776
28327595	760	771	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28327595	781	785	XIAP	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	797	806	expressed	T045	C1171362
28327595	810	824	neuronal cells	T025	C0027882
28327595	835	838	SAH	T047	C0038525
28327595	844	854	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28327595	869	873	XIAP	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	885	904	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
28327595	917	938	neurological deficits	T033	C0521654
28327595	943	954	brain edema	T046	C1527311
28327595	956	967	Recombinant	T116	C0034861
28327595	968	972	XIAP	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	987	1006	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
28327595	1021	1040	neurological scores	T033	C0422837
28327595	1057	1068	brain edema	T046	C1527311
28327595	1070	1081	Recombinant	T116	C0034861
28327595	1082	1086	XIAP	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	1087	1096	treatment	T169	C1522326
28327595	1116	1126	expression	T045	C1171362
28327595	1138	1147	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
28327595	1149	1158	caspase-8	T116,T126	C0667830
28327595	1163	1172	caspase-9	T116,T126	C0910167
28327595	1209	1219	expression	T045	C1171362
28327595	1223	1226	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28327595	1228	1253	apoptosis-inducing factor	T116,T123	C0763396
28327595	1257	1269	cytochrome c	T116,T126	C0010749
28327595	1295	1299	XIAP	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	1322	1337	neuroprotective	T121	C0242912
28327595	1342	1362	anti-apoptotic agent	T120	C2986514
28327595	1373	1376	SAH	T047	C0038525
28327595	1393	1397	XIAP	T116,T123	C0528561
28327595	1407	1419	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28327595	1444	1454	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28327595	1462	1469	caspase	T116,T126	C0010656
28327595	1481	1498	apoptosis pathway	T043	C0162638

28327645|t|A Novel Point-of-Care Smartphone Based System for Monitoring the Cardiac and Respiratory Systems
28327645|a|Cardio-respiratory monitoring is one of the most demanding areas in the rapidly growing, mobile-device, based health care delivery. We developed a 12-lead smartphone -based electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition and monitoring system (called " cvrPhone "), and an application to assess underlying ischemia, and estimate the respiration rate (RR) and tidal volume (TV) from analysis of electrocardiographic (ECG) signals only. During in-vivo swine studies (n = 6), 12-lead ECG signals were recorded at baseline and following coronary artery occlusion. Ischemic indices calculated from each lead showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase within 2 min of occlusion compared to baseline. Following myocardial infarction, spontaneous ventricular tachycardia episodes (n = 3) were preceded by significant (p < 0.05) increase of the ischemic index ~1-4 min prior to the onset of the tachy-arrhythmias. In order to assess the respiratory status during apnea, the mechanical ventilator was paused for up to 2 min during normal breathing. We observed that the RR and TV estimation algorithms detected apnea within 7.9 ± 1.1 sec and 5.5 ± 2.2 sec, respectively, while the estimated RR and TV values were 0 breaths/min and less than 100 ml, respectively. In conclusion, the cvrPhone can be used to detect myocardial ischemia and periods of respiratory apnea using a readily available mobile platform.
28327645	8	21	Point-of-Care	T078	C1547702
28327645	22	32	Smartphone	T073	C3204335
28327645	39	45	System	T169	C0449913
28327645	50	60	Monitoring	T061	C3544157
28327645	65	72	Cardiac	T022	C0007226
28327645	77	96	Respiratory Systems	T022	C0035237
28327645	97	126	Cardio-respiratory monitoring	T061	C3544157
28327645	186	199	mobile-device	T073	C1136360
28327645	207	227	health care delivery	T058	C0011211
28327645	252	262	smartphone	T073	C3204335
28327645	270	287	electrocardiogram	T033	C0013798
28327645	289	292	ECG	T033	C0013798
28327645	294	305	acquisition	T052	C1706701
28327645	310	327	monitoring system	T074	C1139730
28327645	338	346	cvrPhone	T074	C1139730
28327645	391	399	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28327645	418	434	respiration rate	T201	C0231832
28327645	436	438	RR	T201	C0231832
28327645	444	456	tidal volume	T034	C0040210
28327645	458	460	TV	T034	C0040210
28327645	467	475	analysis	T062	C0936012
28327645	479	513	electrocardiographic (ECG) signals	T033	C0428732
28327645	527	534	in-vivo	T082	C1515655
28327645	535	548	swine studies	T062	C2603343
28327645	566	577	ECG signals	T033	C0428732
28327645	595	603	baseline	T081	C1442488
28327645	618	643	coronary artery occlusion	T047	C0151814
28327645	645	661	Ischemic indices	T081	C0392762
28327645	732	740	increase	T169	C0442805
28327645	757	766	occlusion	T047	C0151814
28327645	779	787	baseline	T081	C1442488
28327645	799	820	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28327645	822	833	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28327645	834	866	ventricular tachycardia episodes	T034	C0344428
28327645	892	903	significant	T078	C0750502
28327645	931	945	ischemic index	T081	C0392762
28327645	968	976	onset of	T080	C0332162
28327645	981	998	tachy-arrhythmias	T033	C0080203
28327645	1023	1041	respiratory status	T033	C1998827
28327645	1049	1054	apnea	T046	C0003578
28327645	1060	1081	mechanical ventilator	T074	C0042497
28327645	1116	1132	normal breathing	T040	C0231795
28327645	1155	1157	RR	T201	C0231832
28327645	1162	1164	TV	T034	C0040210
28327645	1165	1175	estimation	T081	C0750572
28327645	1176	1186	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28327645	1196	1201	apnea	T046	C0003578
28327645	1266	1275	estimated	T081	C0750572
28327645	1276	1278	RR	T201	C0231832
28327645	1283	1285	TV	T034	C0040210
28327645	1300	1311	breaths/min	T081	C0439386
28327645	1351	1361	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28327645	1367	1375	cvrPhone	T074	C1139730
28327645	1398	1417	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
28327645	1422	1429	periods	T079	C1948053
28327645	1433	1450	respiratory apnea	T046	C0003578
28327645	1477	1483	mobile	T073	C1136360

28327913|t|The use of Oxford Nanopore native barcoding for complete genome assembly
28327913|a|The Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION(TM) is a mobile DNA sequencer that can produce long read sequences with a short turn-around time. Here we report the first demonstration of single contig genome assembly using Oxford Nanopore native barcoding when applied to a multiplexed library of 12 samples and combined with existing Illumina short-read data. This paves the way for the closure of multiple bacterial genomes from a single MinION(TM) sequencing run, given the availability of existing short-read data. The strain we used, MHO_001, represents the important community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus lineage USA300. Using a hybrid assembly of existing short read and barcoded long read sequences from multiplexed data, we completed a genome of the S. aureus USA300 strain MHO_001. The long-read data represented only ~5-10% of an average MinION(TM) run (~7x genomic coverage), but, using standard tools, this was sufficient to complete the circular chromosome of S. aureus strain MHO_001 (2.86 Mb) and two complete plasmids (27 Kb and 3 Kb). Minor differences were noted when compared to USA300 reference genome, USA300_FPR3757, including the translocation, loss and gain of mobile genetic elements. Here we demonstrate that MinION(TM) reads, multiplexed using native barcoding, can be used in combination with short-read data, to fully complete a bacterial genome. The ability to complete multiple genomes, for which short-read data is already available, from a single MinION(TM) run is set to impact on our understanding of accessory genome content, plasmid diversity and genome rearrangements.
28327913	4	10	use of	T169	C1524063
28327913	11	26	Oxford Nanopore	T092	C1561598
28327913	27	33	native	T169	C0302891
28327913	34	43	barcoding	T062	C2936547
28327913	48	56	complete	T080	C0205197
28327913	57	72	genome assembly	T085	C2348746
28327913	77	105	Oxford Nanopore Technologies	T092	C1561598
28327913	106	116	MinION(TM)	T074	C0025080
28327913	122	128	mobile	T169	C0231435
28327913	160	179	long read sequences	T086	C0162326
28327913	193	209	turn-around time	T079	C1254367
28327913	219	225	report	T170	C0684224
28327913	253	282	single contig genome assembly	T085	C2348746
28327913	283	288	using	T169	C1524063
28327913	289	304	Oxford Nanopore	T092	C1561598
28327913	305	311	native	T169	C0302891
28327913	312	321	barcoding	T062	C2936547
28327913	327	334	applied	T169	C4048755
28327913	340	359	multiplexed library	T028,T114	C0017430
28327913	366	373	samples	T077	C2347026
28327913	378	386	combined	T080	C0205195
28327913	392	400	existing	T077	C2987476
28327913	410	425	short-read data	T170	C0950138
28327913	454	461	closure	T062	C1521802
28327913	465	473	multiple	T081	C0439064
28327913	474	491	bacterial genomes	T028	C0085238
28327913	499	505	single	T081	C0205171
28327913	506	516	MinION(TM)	T074	C0025080
28327913	517	527	sequencing	T063	C1328887
28327913	528	531	run	T169	C1704688
28327913	543	558	availability of	T169	C0470187
28327913	559	567	existing	T077	C2987476
28327913	568	583	short-read data	T170	C0950138
28327913	589	595	strain	T001	C1518614
28327913	599	603	used	T169	C1524063
28327913	605	612	MHO_001	T001	C1518614
28327913	658	679	methicillin resistant	T032	C0079830
28327913	680	701	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28327913	710	716	USA300	T001	C1518614
28327913	718	723	Using	T169	C1524063
28327913	733	741	assembly	T085	C2348746
28327913	745	753	existing	T077	C2987476
28327913	754	764	short read	T080	C0205556
28327913	769	797	barcoded long read sequences	T086	C0162326
28327913	803	819	multiplexed data	T078	C1547368
28327913	836	842	genome	T028	C0017428
28327913	850	859	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28327913	860	881	USA300 strain MHO_001	T001	C1518614
28327913	887	901	long-read data	T170	C0950138
28327913	932	939	average	T081	C1510992
28327913	940	950	MinION(TM)	T074	C0025080
28327913	951	954	run	T169	C1704688
28327913	960	967	genomic	T028	C0017428
28327913	968	976	coverage	T169	C1999244
28327913	984	989	using	T169	C1524063
28327913	990	998	standard	T081	C0034925
28327913	999	1004	tools	T170	C0037589
28327913	1015	1025	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28327913	1029	1037	complete	T080	C0205197
28327913	1042	1061	circular chromosome	T026	C0035639
28327913	1065	1074	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28327913	1075	1089	strain MHO_001	T001	C1518614
28327913	1108	1116	complete	T080	C0205197
28327913	1117	1125	plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
28327913	1144	1149	Minor	T080	C0205165
28327913	1150	1161	differences	T080	C1705242
28327913	1167	1172	noted	T080	C4288581
28327913	1178	1186	compared	T052	C1707455
28327913	1190	1196	USA300	T001	C1518614
28327913	1207	1213	genome	T028	C0017428
28327913	1215	1229	USA300_FPR3757	T028	C0085238
28327913	1231	1240	including	T169	C0332257
28327913	1245	1258	translocation	T043	C0282583
28327913	1260	1264	loss	T081	C1517945
28327913	1269	1273	gain	T081	C1517378
28327913	1277	1300	mobile genetic elements	T114,T123	C1257903
28327913	1327	1337	MinION(TM)	T074	C0025080
28327913	1338	1343	reads	T169	C1704688
28327913	1345	1356	multiplexed	T169	C0205245
28327913	1357	1362	using	T169	C1524063
28327913	1363	1369	native	T169	C0302891
28327913	1370	1379	barcoding	T062	C2936547
28327913	1388	1392	used	T169	C1524063
28327913	1396	1407	combination	T080	C0205195
28327913	1413	1428	short-read data	T170	C0950138
28327913	1439	1447	complete	T080	C0205197
28327913	1450	1466	bacterial genome	T028	C0085238
28327913	1483	1491	complete	T080	C0205197
28327913	1492	1500	multiple	T081	C0439064
28327913	1501	1508	genomes	T028	C0017428
28327913	1520	1535	short-read data	T170	C0950138
28327913	1547	1556	available	T033	C0243095
28327913	1565	1571	single	T081	C0205171
28327913	1572	1582	MinION(TM)	T074	C0025080
28327913	1583	1586	run	T169	C1704688
28327913	1597	1603	impact	T080	C4049986
28327913	1611	1624	understanding	T041	C0162340
28327913	1628	1637	accessory	T081	C1883702
28327913	1638	1652	genome content	T028	C0017428
28327913	1654	1661	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28327913	1662	1671	diversity	T080	C1880371
28327913	1676	1682	genome	T028	C0017428
28327913	1683	1697	rearrangements	T045	C0017287

28328127|t|Partial tetrasomy 11q resulting from an intrachromosomal triplication of a 22 Mb region of chromosome 11
28328127|a|Intrachromosomal triplications are complex chromosomal rearrangements which arise during meiosis or mitosis and lead to a tetrasomic dose of the affected genomic regions. We describe a female patient harboring an intrachromosomal triplication who presented to the Genetics clinic with dysmorphic features, including telecanthus, flat facial profile, and prognathism, short stature, widely spaced nipples, multiple allergy complaints, loose bowel movements, and mild speech delay. Microarray analysis showed a copy number gain of a 22.37 Mb region of chromosome 11 between bands 11q14.1 and 11q22.1. This region contains 95 genes and seven microRNAs, none of which have been implicated in a disease resulting from increased gene dosage. FISH analysis using a probe targeted to the middle of the segment of the copy number gain yielded a pattern indicative of a tetrasomy via an intrachromosomal triplication, with three signals on the long arm of one homologue of chromosome 11 and the fourth on the other homologue. Subsequent FISH analysis showed that the middle triplicated fragment was positioned in an inverted orientation relative to the outer fragments. To investigate the mechanism by which the intrachromosomal triplication occurred, SNP microarray analysis was performed. These results were consistent with the presence of multiple haplotypes in the tetrasomic region and suggest that the intrachromosomal triplication in our patient arose in one parent during meiosis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
28328127	0	17	Partial tetrasomy	T019	C2936486
28328127	18	21	11q	T086	C0796366
28328127	22	31	resulting	T169	C1274040
28328127	40	69	intrachromosomal triplication	T049	C0041107
28328127	75	87	22 Mb region	T026	C1953345
28328127	91	104	chromosome 11	T026	C0008653
28328127	105	135	Intrachromosomal triplications	T049	C0041107
28328127	140	147	complex	T080	C0439855
28328127	148	174	chromosomal rearrangements	T049	C1515001
28328127	194	201	meiosis	T043	C0025186
28328127	205	212	mitosis	T043	C0026255
28328127	227	237	tetrasomic	T049	C0333689
28328127	238	242	dose	T081	C0178655
28328127	250	258	affected	T169	C0392760
28328127	259	274	genomic regions	T028	C0017428
28328127	290	296	female	T098	C0043210
28328127	297	304	patient	T101	C0030705
28328127	305	314	harboring	T078	C1254370
28328127	318	347	intrachromosomal triplication	T049	C0041107
28328127	369	384	Genetics clinic	T073,T093	C3840001
28328127	390	409	dysmorphic features	T019	C0432072
28328127	421	432	telecanthus	T033	C0423113
28328127	434	453	flat facial profile	T033	C1853241
28328127	459	470	prognathism	T019	C0033324
28328127	472	485	short stature	T033	C0349588
28328127	487	508	widely spaced nipples	T033	C1827524
28328127	510	537	multiple allergy complaints	T047	C0740281
28328127	539	560	loose bowel movements	T184	C0011991
28328127	566	583	mild speech delay	T033	C4231438
28328127	585	604	Microarray analysis	T059	C1449575
28328127	614	630	copy number gain	T081	C1517378
28328127	636	651	22.37 Mb region	T026	C1953345
28328127	655	668	chromosome 11	T026	C0008653
28328127	677	690	bands 11q14.1	T026	C1520392
28328127	695	702	11q22.1	T026	C0243092
28328127	709	715	region	T026	C1953345
28328127	728	733	genes	T028	C0017337
28328127	744	753	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28328127	795	802	disease	T047	C0012634
28328127	803	812	resulting	T169	C1274040
28328127	818	827	increased	T081	C0205217
28328127	828	839	gene dosage	T081	C0178655
28328127	841	854	FISH analysis	T059	C2366845
28328127	863	868	probe	T130	C0016321
28328127	869	877	targeted	T169	C1521840
28328127	885	906	middle of the segment	T082	C0442062
28328127	914	930	copy number gain	T081	C1517378
28328127	941	948	pattern	T082	C0449774
28328127	949	962	indicative of	T078	C0392360
28328127	965	974	tetrasomy	T049	C0333689
28328127	982	1011	intrachromosomal triplication	T049	C0041107
28328127	1024	1031	signals	T078	C0010439
28328127	1055	1064	homologue	T028	C1334043
28328127	1068	1081	chromosome 11	T026	C0008653
28328127	1110	1119	homologue	T028	C1334043
28328127	1121	1131	Subsequent	T079	C0332282
28328127	1132	1145	FISH analysis	T059	C2366845
28328127	1162	1168	middle	T082	C0444598
28328127	1169	1189	triplicated fragment	T080	C1708096
28328127	1211	1219	inverted	T082	C2349984
28328127	1220	1231	orientation	T082	C1704322
28328127	1254	1263	fragments	T080	C1708096
28328127	1268	1279	investigate	T169	C1292732
28328127	1284	1293	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28328127	1307	1336	intrachromosomal triplication	T049	C0041107
28328127	1337	1345	occurred	T052	C1709305
28328127	1347	1370	SNP microarray analysis	T059	C3516218
28328127	1375	1384	performed	T169	C0884358
28328127	1392	1399	results	T169	C1274040
28328127	1405	1420	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28328127	1425	1433	presence	T033	C0150312
28328127	1437	1445	multiple	T081	C0439064
28328127	1446	1456	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
28328127	1464	1474	tetrasomic	T049	C0333689
28328127	1475	1481	region	T082	C1254362
28328127	1503	1532	intrachromosomal triplication	T049	C0041107
28328127	1540	1547	patient	T101	C0030705
28328127	1561	1567	parent	T099	C0030551
28328127	1575	1582	meiosis	T043	C0025186

28328136|t|22q11.2q13 duplication including SOX10 causes sex-reversal and peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central dysmyelinating leukodystrophy, Waardenburg syndrome, and Hirschsprung disease
28328136|a|Diagnosis of genetic syndromes may be difficult when specific components of a disorder manifest at a later age. We present a follow up of a previous report [Seeherunvong et al., (2004); AJMGA 127: 149-151], of an individual with 22q duplication and sex-reversal syndrome. The subject's phenotype evolved to include peripheral and central demyelination, Waardenburg syndrome type IV, and Hirschsprung disease (PCWH; MIM 609136). DNA microarray analysis defined the duplication at 22q11.2q13, including SOX10. Sequencing of the coding region of SOX10 did not reveal any mutations. Our data suggest that SOX10 duplication can cause disorders of sex development and PCWH, supporting the hypothesis that SOX10 toxic gain of function rather than dominant negative activity underlies PCWH.
28328136	0	22	22q11.2q13 duplication	UnknownType	C0795881
28328136	33	38	SOX10	T028	C1420317
28328136	46	58	sex-reversal	T047	C0039082
28328136	63	98	peripheral demyelinating neuropathy	T047	C0270922
28328136	100	107	central	T022	C3714787
28328136	108	137	dysmyelinating leukodystrophy	T033	C3278204
28328136	139	159	Waardenburg syndrome	T047	C3266898
28328136	165	185	Hirschsprung disease	T019,T047	C0019569
28328136	186	195	Diagnosis	T080	C1704338
28328136	199	216	genetic syndromes	T047	C0567439
28328136	239	247	specific	T080	C0205369
28328136	248	258	components	T077	C1705248
28328136	264	272	disorder	T047	C0012634
28328136	273	281	manifest	T169	C0205319
28328136	287	292	later	T079	C0205087
28328136	293	296	age	T032	C0001779
28328136	311	320	follow up	T058	C1522577
28328136	335	341	report	T170	C0684224
28328136	399	409	individual	T098	C0237401
28328136	415	430	22q duplication	UnknownType	C0795881
28328136	435	456	sex-reversal syndrome	T047	C0039082
28328136	462	471	subject's	T098	C2349001
28328136	472	481	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28328136	501	511	peripheral	T047	C0270922
28328136	516	537	central demyelination	T047	C0338474
28328136	539	567	Waardenburg syndrome type IV	T047	C1848519
28328136	573	593	Hirschsprung disease	T019,T047	C0019569
28328136	595	599	PCWH	T047	C1836727
28328136	601	611	MIM 609136	T170	C1554154
28328136	614	637	DNA microarray analysis	T063	C1522053
28328136	650	661	duplication	T045	C0017261
28328136	665	675	22q11.2q13	T026	C0243092
28328136	687	692	SOX10	T028	C1420317
28328136	694	704	Sequencing	T059	C1294197
28328136	712	725	coding region	T028	C0079941
28328136	729	734	SOX10	T028	C1420317
28328136	739	742	not	T033	C1513916
28328136	743	749	reveal	T080	C0443289
28328136	754	763	mutations	T045	C0596611
28328136	769	773	data	T078	C1511726
28328136	787	792	SOX10	T028	C1420317
28328136	793	804	duplication	T045	C0017261
28328136	815	843	disorders of sex development	T019	C0036875
28328136	848	852	PCWH	T047	C1836727
28328136	869	879	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28328136	885	890	SOX10	T028	C1420317
28328136	905	913	function	T169	C0542341
28328136	935	943	negative	T033	C0205160
28328136	944	952	activity	T052	C0441655
28328136	963	967	PCWH	T047	C1836727

28328236|t|Treated Prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Increased from 2009 to 2015 Among School-Aged Children and Adolescents in the United States
28328236|a|The purpose of this brief is to describe changes in the treated prevalence of medically managed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among insured school-aged children and adolescents in the United States from 2009 to 2015. We examine the differences between those with employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) and with Medicaid insurance. We utilized two large longitudinal administrative datasets containing medical and drug claims data on individuals with ESI and Medicaid insurance from Truven Health MarketScan(®) Administrative Claims Databases. Treated prevalence was measured as the percentage of school-aged children and adolescents enrolled in a calendar year who met the criteria for medically managed ADHD in the same calendar year. Subjects were eligible for inclusion if they were aged 6-17 years and were continuously enrolled during a calendar year. The annual prevalence of treated ADHD among school-aged children and adolescents with ESI increased from 4.5% in 2009 to 6.7% in 2015. Among those with Medicaid it increased from 11.3% in 2009 to 13.3% in 2012, and fell after 2012, remaining steady from 2013 through 2015. Treated prevalence of ADHD increased continuously over time among school-aged children and adolescents with ESI, but declined slightly after 2012 among those in the Medicaid sample.
28328236	0	7	Treated	T061	C0087111
28328236	8	18	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
28328236	22	62	Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder	T048	C1263846
28328236	63	72	Increased	T081	C0205217
28328236	97	117	School-Aged Children	T100	C2827631
28328236	122	133	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
28328236	141	154	United States	T083	C0041703
28328236	159	166	purpose	T169	C1285529
28328236	187	195	describe	T078	C1552738
28328236	196	203	changes	T169	C0392747
28328236	211	218	treated	T061	C0087111
28328236	219	229	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28328236	233	242	medically	T169	C0205476
28328236	243	250	managed	T058	C0184516
28328236	251	291	attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
28328236	293	297	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28328236	305	312	insured	T170	C1548605
28328236	313	333	school-aged children	T100	C2827631
28328236	338	349	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28328236	357	370	United States	T083	C0041703
28328236	393	400	examine	T033	C0332128
28328236	405	416	differences	T081	C1705241
28328236	436	464	employer-sponsored insurance	T081	C3824871
28328236	466	469	ESI	T081	C3824871
28328236	480	498	Medicaid insurance	T058	C0021682
28328236	522	534	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
28328236	535	558	administrative datasets	T170	C0150098
28328236	570	577	medical	T169	C0205476
28328236	582	586	drug	T121	C0013227
28328236	587	593	claims	T058	C3824919
28328236	594	598	data	T078	C1511726
28328236	602	613	individuals	T098	C0237401
28328236	619	622	ESI	T081	C3824871
28328236	627	645	Medicaid insurance	T058	C0021682
28328236	651	710	Truven Health MarketScan(®) Administrative Claims Databases	T170	C0242356
28328236	712	719	Treated	T061	C0087111
28328236	720	730	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28328236	735	743	measured	T080	C0444706
28328236	751	761	percentage	T081	C0439165
28328236	765	785	school-aged children	T100	C2827631
28328236	790	801	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28328236	816	829	calendar year	T079	C0456586
28328236	842	850	criteria	T078	C0243161
28328236	855	864	medically	T169	C0205476
28328236	865	872	managed	T058	C0184516
28328236	873	877	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28328236	890	903	calendar year	T079	C0456586
28328236	905	913	Subjects	T098	C0080105
28328236	919	927	eligible	T080	C1548635
28328236	932	941	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28328236	955	959	aged	T032	C0001779
28328236	965	970	years	T079	C0439234
28328236	980	992	continuously	T078	C0549178
28328236	1011	1024	calendar year	T079	C0456586
28328236	1030	1036	annual	T079	C0332181
28328236	1037	1047	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28328236	1051	1058	treated	T061	C0087111
28328236	1059	1063	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28328236	1070	1090	school-aged children	T100	C2827631
28328236	1095	1106	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28328236	1112	1115	ESI	T081	C3824871
28328236	1116	1125	increased	T081	C0205217
28328236	1178	1186	Medicaid	T058	C0021682
28328236	1190	1199	increased	T081	C0205217
28328236	1268	1274	steady	T080	C0205361
28328236	1299	1306	Treated	T061	C0087111
28328236	1307	1317	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28328236	1321	1325	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28328236	1326	1335	increased	T081	C0205217
28328236	1336	1348	continuously	T078	C0549178
28328236	1354	1358	time	T079	C0040223
28328236	1365	1385	school-aged children	T100	C2827631
28328236	1390	1401	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28328236	1407	1410	ESI	T081	C3824871
28328236	1416	1424	declined	T081	C0205216
28328236	1464	1479	Medicaid sample	T058	C0021682

28328988|t|Molecular mechanisms of thermal resistance of the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia thermophila
28328988|a|In the present work, we investigated molecular mechanisms governing thermal resistance of a monoxenous trypanosomatid Crithidia luciliae thermophila, which we reclassified as a separate species C. thermophila. We analyzed morphology, growth kinetics, and transcriptomic profiles of flagellates cultivated at low (23°C) and elevated (34°C) temperature. When maintained at high temperature, they grew significantly faster, became shorter, with genes involved in sugar metabolism and mitochondrial stress protection significantly upregulated. Comparison with another thermoresistant monoxenous trypanosomatid, Leptomonas seymouri, revealed dramatic differences in transcription profiles of the two species with only few genes showing the same expression pattern. This disparity illustrates differences in the biology of these two parasites and distinct mechanisms of their thermotolerance, a prerequisite for living in warm-blooded vertebrates.
28328988	0	9	Molecular	T167	C0567416
28328988	10	20	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28328988	24	31	thermal	T070	C0018837
28328988	32	42	resistance	T169	C4281815
28328988	50	56	insect	T204	C0021585
28328988	57	93	trypanosomatid Crithidia thermophila	T204	C0010336
28328988	118	130	investigated	T169	C1292732
28328988	131	140	molecular	T167	C0567416
28328988	141	151	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28328988	162	169	thermal	T070	C0018837
28328988	170	180	resistance	T169	C4281815
28328988	186	242	monoxenous trypanosomatid Crithidia luciliae thermophila	T204	C0010336
28328988	253	265	reclassified	T080	C0205542
28328988	280	287	species	T185	C1705920
28328988	288	302	C. thermophila	T204	C0010336
28328988	316	326	morphology	T080	C0332437
28328988	328	334	growth	T040	C0018270
28328988	335	343	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28328988	349	372	transcriptomic profiles	T081	C1956267
28328988	376	387	flagellates	T204	C0024893
28328988	402	405	low	T080	C0205251
28328988	417	425	elevated	T080	C3163633
28328988	433	444	temperature	T081	C0039476
28328988	451	461	maintained	T169	C1314677
28328988	465	469	high	T080	C0205250
28328988	470	481	temperature	T081	C0039476
28328988	488	492	grew	T040	C0018270
28328988	507	513	faster	T080	C0456962
28328988	522	529	shorter	T081	C1806781
28328988	536	541	genes	T028	C0017337
28328988	554	570	sugar metabolism	T059	C1979810
28328988	575	588	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28328988	589	606	stress protection	T033	C1545588
28328988	621	632	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28328988	634	644	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28328988	658	673	thermoresistant	T169	C0205245
28328988	674	699	monoxenous trypanosomatid	T204	C0684063
28328988	701	720	Leptomonas seymouri	T204	C0997729
28328988	740	751	differences	T080	C1705242
28328988	755	777	transcription profiles	T081	C1956267
28328988	789	796	species	T185	C1705920
28328988	811	816	genes	T028	C0017337
28328988	834	844	expression	T045	C0017262
28328988	845	852	pattern	T082	C0449774
28328988	881	892	differences	T080	C1705242
28328988	921	930	parasites	T204	C0030498
28328988	944	954	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28328988	964	979	thermotolerance	T039	C3544386
28328988	983	995	prerequisite	T078	C0679209
28328988	1010	1034	warm-blooded vertebrates	UnknownType	C0324045

28329001|t|Experimental demonstration of the possible role of Acanthamoeba polyphaga in the infection and disease progression in Buruli Ulcer (BU) using ICR mice
28329001|a|The transmission of Buruli ulcer (BU), caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (MU), remains puzzling although a number of hypothesis including through bites of infected aquatic insects have been proposed. We report the results of experiments using ICR mice that give credence to our hypothesis that Acanthamoeba species may play a role in BU transmission. We cocultured MU N2 and MU 1615 which expresses red fluorescent protein (RFP) and Acanthamoeba polyphaga (AP), and confirmed infected AP by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining. We tested for viability of MU inside AP and observed strong RFP signals inside both trophozoites and cysts after 3 and 42 days of coculturing respectively. ICR mice were topically treated, either on shaved intact or shaved pinpricked rumps, with one of the following; MU N2 only (2.25 x 106 colony forming units [CFU] / ml), MU N2: AP coculture (2.96 x 104 CFU: 1.6 x 106 cells/ml), AP only (1.6 x 106 cells/ml), PYG medium and sterile distilled water. Both MU N2 only and MU N2: AP elicited reddening on day (D) 31; edema on D 45 and D 44 respectively, and ulcers on D 49 at pinpricked sites only. To ascertain infectivity and pathogenicity of MU N2 only and MU N2: AP, and compare their virulence, the standard mouse footpad inoculation method was used. MU N2: AP elicited reddening in footpads by D 3 compared to D 14 with MU N2 only of the same dose of MU N2 (2.96 x 104 CFU). ZN-stained MU were observed in both thin sectioned and homogenized lesions, and aspirates from infected sites. Viable MU N2 were recovered from cultures of the homogenates and aspirates. This study demonstrates in ICR mice MU transmission via passive infection, and shows that punctures in the skin are prerequisite for infection, and that coculturing of MU with AP enhances pathogenesis.
28329001	0	12	Experimental	T080	C1517586
28329001	13	26	demonstration	T078	C0449450
28329001	51	73	Acanthamoeba polyphaga	T204	C0320459
28329001	81	90	infection	T046	C3714514
28329001	95	114	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28329001	118	130	Buruli Ulcer	T047	C0085568
28329001	132	134	BU	T047	C0085568
28329001	142	150	ICR mice	T015	C0025925
28329001	155	167	transmission	T046	C0242781
28329001	171	183	Buruli ulcer	T047	C0085568
28329001	185	187	BU	T047	C0085568
28329001	200	222	Mycobacterium ulcerans	T007	C0317759
28329001	224	226	MU	T007	C0317759
28329001	267	277	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28329001	296	301	bites	T037	C0005658
28329001	305	313	infected	T033	C0439663
28329001	314	329	aquatic insects	T204	C0021585
28329001	353	359	report	T170	C0684224
28329001	364	371	results	T169	C1274040
28329001	375	386	experiments	T062	C0681814
28329001	393	401	ICR mice	T015	C0025925
28329001	428	438	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28329001	444	464	Acanthamoeba species	T204	C0000879
28329001	484	486	BU	T047	C0085568
28329001	487	499	transmission	T046	C0242781
28329001	504	514	cocultured	T059	C0430400
28329001	515	520	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	525	532	MU 1615	T007	C0317759
28329001	539	572	expresses red fluorescent protein	T116	C0960938
28329001	574	577	RFP	T116	C0960938
28329001	583	605	Acanthamoeba polyphaga	T204	C0320459
28329001	607	609	AP	T204	C0320459
28329001	626	634	infected	T033	C0439663
28329001	635	637	AP	T204	C0320459
28329001	641	668	Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining	T059	C1318721
28329001	684	693	viability	T070	C1563772
28329001	697	699	MU	T007	C0317759
28329001	707	709	AP	T204	C0320459
28329001	730	733	RFP	T116	C0960938
28329001	734	741	signals	T043	C0037083
28329001	754	766	trophozoites	T204	C0686882
28329001	771	776	cysts	T026	C0243092
28329001	792	796	days	T079	C0439228
28329001	800	811	coculturing	T059	C0282547
28329001	826	834	ICR mice	T015	C0025925
28329001	850	857	treated	T169	C1522326
28329001	869	875	shaved	T033	C2028339
28329001	876	882	intact	T080	C0205266
28329001	886	892	shaved	T033	C2028339
28329001	893	909	pinpricked rumps	T029	C0006497
28329001	938	943	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	961	981	colony forming units	T081	C0553561
28329001	983	986	CFU	T081	C0553561
28329001	995	1000	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	1002	1004	AP	T204	C0320459
28329001	1005	1014	coculture	T059	C0282547
28329001	1027	1030	CFU	T081	C0553561
28329001	1053	1055	AP	T204	C0320459
28329001	1083	1093	PYG medium	T130	C0010454
28329001	1098	1121	sterile distilled water	T121,T197	C0790233
28329001	1128	1133	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	1143	1148	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	1150	1152	AP	T204	C0320459
28329001	1162	1171	reddening	T184	C0016382
28329001	1175	1178	day	T079	C0439228
28329001	1180	1181	D	T079	C0439228
28329001	1187	1192	edema	T184	C0013604
28329001	1196	1197	D	T079	C0439228
28329001	1205	1206	D	T079	C0439228
28329001	1228	1234	ulcers	T047	C0041582
28329001	1238	1239	D	T079	C0439228
28329001	1246	1262	pinpricked sites	T082	C0205145
28329001	1282	1293	infectivity	T080	C0030657
28329001	1298	1311	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
28329001	1315	1320	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	1330	1335	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	1337	1339	AP	T204	C0320459
28329001	1345	1352	compare	T052	C1707455
28329001	1359	1368	virulence	T038	C0042765
28329001	1374	1415	standard mouse footpad inoculation method	T059	C0022885
28329001	1426	1431	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	1433	1435	AP	T204	C0320459
28329001	1445	1454	reddening	T184	C0016382
28329001	1458	1466	footpads	T023	C2985236
28329001	1470	1471	D	T079	C0439228
28329001	1474	1482	compared	T052	C1707455
28329001	1486	1487	D	T079	C0439228
28329001	1496	1501	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	1527	1532	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	1545	1548	CFU	T081	C0553561
28329001	1551	1561	ZN-stained	T059	C1318721
28329001	1562	1564	MU	T007	C0317759
28329001	1618	1625	lesions	T033	C0221198
28329001	1631	1640	aspirates	T031	C0370199
28329001	1646	1654	infected	T033	C0439663
28329001	1655	1660	sites	T082	C0205145
28329001	1669	1674	MU N2	T007	C0317759
28329001	1695	1703	cultures	T059	C0430400
28329001	1711	1722	homogenates	T072	C3829671
28329001	1727	1736	aspirates	T031	C0370199
28329001	1743	1748	study	T062	C2603343
28329001	1765	1773	ICR mice	T015	C0025925
28329001	1774	1776	MU	T007	C0317759
28329001	1777	1789	transmission	T046	C0242781
28329001	1794	1801	passive	T080	C3686820
28329001	1802	1811	infection	T046	C3714514
28329001	1828	1837	punctures	T037	C0033119
28329001	1845	1849	skin	T022	C1123023
28329001	1871	1880	infection	T046	C3714514
28329001	1891	1902	coculturing	T059	C0282547
28329001	1906	1908	MU	T007	C0317759
28329001	1914	1916	AP	T204	C0320459
28329001	1917	1925	enhances	T052	C2349975
28329001	1926	1938	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748

28329145|t|Higher Prevalence of Frailty Among a Sample of HIV - Infected Middle-aged and Older Chinese Adults Is Associated With Neurocognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms
28329145|a|We investigated the prevalence and correlates of prefrailty / frailty, determined on the basis of the Fried criteria, in Chinese patients with and those without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV - infected patients were more likely to be frail or prefrail than controls, and this association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio, 3.79). After additional adjustment for neurocognitive impairment and depressive and insomnia symptoms, this association remained significant but attenuated (odds ratio, 2.16). In the HIV - infected group, these 3 variables were independently associated with prefrailty / frailty. These findings suggest that neurocognitive impairment and depressive and/or insomnia symptoms may account for a higher prevalence of prefrailty / frailty in HIV - infected patients but require further longitudinal investigation.
28329145	0	17	Higher Prevalence	T081	C1512456
28329145	21	28	Frailty	T033	C0424594
28329145	37	43	Sample	T167	C0370003
28329145	47	50	HIV	T005	C0019682
28329145	53	61	Infected	T033	C0439663
28329145	62	73	Middle-aged	T100	C0205847
28329145	78	91	Older Chinese	T098	C0152035
28329145	92	98	Adults	T100	C0001675
28329145	102	117	Associated With	T080	C0332281
28329145	118	143	Neurocognitive Impairment	T048	C4041080
28329145	148	167	Depressive Symptoms	T184	C0086132
28329145	171	183	investigated	T169	C1292732
28329145	188	198	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28329145	217	227	prefrailty	T033	C0243095
28329145	230	237	frailty	T033	C0424594
28329145	289	296	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28329145	297	305	patients	T101	C0030705
28329145	329	373	human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection	T047	C0019693
28329145	375	378	HIV	T005	C0019682
28329145	381	389	infected	T033	C0439663
28329145	390	398	patients	T101	C0030705
28329145	422	427	frail	T033	C0871754
28329145	431	439	prefrail	T033	C0243095
28329145	445	453	controls	T096	C0009932
28329145	464	475	association	T080	C0439849
28329145	503	513	adjustment	T169	C0456081
28329145	528	539	confounders	T169	C0009673
28329145	541	551	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28329145	577	587	adjustment	T169	C0456081
28329145	592	617	neurocognitive impairment	T048	C4041080
28329145	622	632	depressive	T184	C0086132
28329145	637	654	insomnia symptoms	T184	C0917801
28329145	661	672	association	T080	C0439849
28329145	698	708	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28329145	710	720	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28329145	736	739	HIV	T005	C0019682
28329145	742	750	infected	T033	C0439663
28329145	751	756	group	T101	C0030705
28329145	795	810	associated with	T080	C0332281
28329145	811	821	prefrailty	T033	C0243095
28329145	824	831	frailty	T033	C0424594
28329145	839	847	findings	T033	C0243095
28329145	861	886	neurocognitive impairment	T048	C4041080
28329145	891	901	depressive	T184	C0086132
28329145	909	926	insomnia symptoms	T184	C0917801
28329145	945	962	higher prevalence	T081	C1512456
28329145	966	976	prefrailty	T033	C0243095
28329145	979	986	frailty	T033	C0424594
28329145	990	993	HIV	T005	C0019682
28329145	996	1004	infected	T033	C0439663
28329145	1005	1013	patients	T101	C0030705
28329145	1034	1060	longitudinal investigation	T062	C0023981

28329231|t|Cardiac protective effects of remote ischaemic preconditioning in children undergoing tetralogy of fallot repair surgery: a randomized controlled trial
28329231|a|Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) by inducing brief ischaemia in distant tissues protects the heart against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in children undergoing open-heart surgery, although its effectiveness in adults with comorbidities is controversial. The effectiveness and mechanism of RIPC with respect to myocardial IRI in children with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), a severe cyanotic congenital cardiac disease, undergoing open heart surgery are unclear. We hypothesized that RIPC can confer cardioprotection in children undergoing ToF repair surgery. Overall, 112 ToF children undergoing radical open cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were randomized to either a RIPC group (n = 55) or a control group (n = 57). The RIPC protocol consisted of three cycles of 5-min lower limb occlusion and 5-min reperfusion using a cuff-inflator. Serum inflammatory cytokines and cardiac injury markers were measured before surgery and after CPB. Right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) tissues were collected during the surgery to assess hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif)-1α and other signalling proteins. Cardiac mitochondrial injury was assessed by electron microscopy. The primary results showed that the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was longer in the control group than in the RIPC group (52.30 ± 13.43 h vs. 47.55 ± 10.34 h, respectively, P = 0.039). Patients in the control group needed longer post-operative ventilation time compared to the RIPC group (35.02 ± 6.56 h vs. 31.96 ± 6.60 h, respectively, P = 0.016). The levels of post-operative serum troponin-T at 12 and 18 h, CK-MB at 24 h, as well as the serum h-FABP levels at 6 h, after CPB were significantly lower, which was coincident with significantly higher protein expression of cardiac Hif-1α, p-Akt, p-STAT3, p-STAT5, and p-eNOS and less vacuolization of mitochondria in the RIPC group compared to the control group. In ToF children undergoing open heart surgery, RIPC attenuates myocardial IRI and improves the short-term prognosis.
28329231	0	7	Cardiac	T023	C0018787
28329231	8	26	protective effects	T033	C1545588
28329231	30	62	remote ischaemic preconditioning	T061	C0376466
28329231	66	74	children	T100	C0008059
28329231	86	120	tetralogy of fallot repair surgery	T061	C0397326
28329231	124	151	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28329231	152	184	Remote ischaemic preconditioning	T061	C0376466
28329231	186	190	RIPC	T061	C0376466
28329231	195	203	inducing	T169	C0205263
28329231	210	219	ischaemia	T046	C0022116
28329231	223	230	distant	T082	C0443203
28329231	231	238	tissues	T024	C0040300
28329231	239	247	protects	T033	C1545588
28329231	252	257	heart	T023	C0018787
28329231	258	265	against	T080	C0521124
28329231	266	276	myocardial	T024	C0027061
28329231	277	305	ischaemia-reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
28329231	307	310	IRI	T037	C0035126
28329231	315	323	children	T100	C0008059
28329231	335	353	open-heart surgery	T061	C0189745
28329231	368	381	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28329231	385	391	adults	T100	C0001675
28329231	397	410	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28329231	433	446	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28329231	451	460	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28329231	464	468	RIPC	T061	C0376466
28329231	485	495	myocardial	T024	C0027061
28329231	496	499	IRI	T037	C0035126
28329231	503	511	children	T100	C0008059
28329231	517	536	tetralogy of Fallot	T019	C0039685
28329231	538	541	ToF	T019	C0039685
28329231	546	552	severe	T080	C0205082
28329231	553	561	cyanotic	T169	C0332580
28329231	562	572	congenital	T080	C1744681
28329231	573	588	cardiac disease	T047	C0018799
28329231	601	619	open heart surgery	T061	C0189745
28329231	624	631	unclear	T033	C3845108
28329231	654	658	RIPC	T061	C0376466
28329231	670	686	cardioprotection	T169	C0205245
28329231	690	698	children	T100	C0008059
28329231	710	728	ToF repair surgery	T061	C0397326
28329231	743	746	ToF	T019	C0039685
28329231	747	755	children	T100	C0008059
28329231	767	774	radical	T080	C0439807
28329231	775	795	open cardiac surgery	T061	C0189745
28329231	796	801	using	T169	C1524063
28329231	802	824	cardiopulmonary bypass	T061	C0007202
28329231	826	829	CPB	T061	C0007202
28329231	836	846	randomized	T080	C0439605
28329231	859	863	RIPC	T061	C0376466
28329231	864	869	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28329231	884	897	control group	T096	C0009932
28329231	912	916	RIPC	T061	C0376466
28329231	917	925	protocol	T061	C0040808
28329231	926	935	consisted	T080	C0332529
28329231	961	981	lower limb occlusion	T061	C0190956
28329231	992	1003	reperfusion	T061	C0027054
28329231	1012	1025	cuff-inflator	T074	C3881496
28329231	1027	1032	Serum	T031	C0229671
28329231	1033	1045	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28329231	1046	1055	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28329231	1060	1074	cardiac injury	T037	C0018805
28329231	1075	1082	markers	T201	C0005516
28329231	1088	1096	measured	T080	C0444706
28329231	1097	1103	before	T079	C0332152
28329231	1104	1111	surgery	T061	C0543467
28329231	1116	1121	after	T079	C0687676
28329231	1122	1125	CPB	T061	C0007202
28329231	1127	1156	Right ventricle outflow tract	T030	C0225892
28329231	1158	1162	RVOT	T030	C0225892
28329231	1164	1171	tissues	T024	C0040300
28329231	1177	1186	collected	T169	C1516698
28329231	1187	1193	during	T079	C0347984
28329231	1198	1205	surgery	T061	C0543467
28329231	1216	1249	hypoxia-inducible factor (Hif)-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28329231	1254	1259	other	T080	C0205394
28329231	1260	1270	signalling	T038	C3537152
28329231	1271	1279	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28329231	1281	1288	Cardiac	T023	C0018787
28329231	1289	1302	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28329231	1326	1345	electron microscopy	T059	C0026019
28329231	1359	1366	results	T169	C1274040
28329231	1383	1397	length of stay	T079	C0023303
28329231	1405	1424	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
28329231	1426	1429	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28329231	1435	1441	longer	T080	C0205166
28329231	1449	1462	control group	T096	C0009932
28329231	1475	1479	RIPC	T061	C0376466
28329231	1480	1485	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28329231	1550	1558	Patients	T101	C0030705
28329231	1566	1579	control group	T096	C0009932
28329231	1587	1593	longer	T080	C0205166
28329231	1594	1608	post-operative	T079	C0032790
28329231	1609	1625	ventilation time	T033	C0456238
28329231	1626	1634	compared	T052	C1707455
28329231	1642	1646	RIPC	T061	C0376466
28329231	1647	1652	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28329231	1729	1743	post-operative	T079	C0032790
28329231	1744	1760	serum troponin-T	T034	C1318385
28329231	1777	1782	CK-MB	T059	C0523584
28329231	1807	1826	serum h-FABP levels	T034	C1254360
28329231	1841	1844	CPB	T061	C0007202
28329231	1850	1863	significantly	T078	C0750502
28329231	1864	1869	lower	T080	C0205251
28329231	1881	1891	coincident	T079	C0205420
28329231	1897	1910	significantly	T078	C0750502
28329231	1911	1917	higher	T080	C0205250
28329231	1918	1936	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28329231	1948	1954	Hif-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28329231	1963	1970	p-STAT3	T116,T123	C1530116
28329231	1972	1979	p-STAT5	T116,T123	C1121634
28329231	1985	1991	p-eNOS	T116,T126	C0669365
28329231	1996	2000	less	T081	C0439092
28329231	2001	2014	vacuolization	T033	C0010840
28329231	2018	2030	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28329231	2038	2042	RIPC	T061	C0376466
28329231	2043	2048	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28329231	2049	2057	compared	T052	C1707455
28329231	2065	2078	control group	T096	C0009932
28329231	2083	2086	ToF	T019	C0039685
28329231	2087	2095	children	T100	C0008059
28329231	2107	2125	open heart surgery	T061	C0189745
28329231	2127	2131	RIPC	T061	C0376466
28329231	2143	2153	myocardial	T024	C0027061
28329231	2154	2157	IRI	T037	C0035126
28329231	2162	2170	improves	T033	C0184511
28329231	2175	2185	short-term	T079	C0443303
28329231	2186	2195	prognosis	T201	C3854082

28329872|t|Doxorubicin Has Dose-Dependent Toxicity on Mouse Ovarian Follicle Development, Hormone Secretion, and Oocyte Maturation
28329872|a|Doxorubicin (DOX), one of the most commonly used anticancer medications, has been reported to affect fertility by damaging ovarian follicles; however, the dose-dependent toxicity of DOX on the dynamic follicle development and oocyte maturation has not been well-defined. Our objective is to determine the effects of human - relevant exposure levels of DOX on follicular functions across developmental time. In vitro cultured multilayered secondary mouse follicles were treated with DOX at 0, 2, 20, 100, and 200 nM for 24 h, and follicle development, hormone secretion, and oocyte maturation were analyzed. DOX caused dose-dependent toxicity on follicle growth, survival, and secretion of 17β-estradiol (E2). At 200 nM, DOX induced DNA damage and apoptosis in follicle somatic cells first and then in oocytes, which was correlated with the uptake of DOX first to the somatic cells followed by germ cells. Follicles treated with DOX at 0, 2, and 20 nM showed similar oocyte metaphase II (MII) percentages after in vitro oocyte maturation; however, 20 nM DOX significantly increased the number of MII oocytes with abnormal spindle morphology and chromosome misalignment. In an effort to harmonize the in vitro study to in vivo treatment, dose-dependent toxicity on oocyte meiotic maturation was found in 16-day-old CD-1 mice treated with DOX at 0, 0.4, 2, and 10 mg/kg, consistent with the in vitro oocyte maturation outcomes. Our study demonstrates that DOX has dose-dependent toxicity on ovarian follicle development, hormone secretion, and oocyte maturation, which are three key factors to support the female reproductive and endocrine functions.
28329872	0	11	Doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	16	30	Dose-Dependent	T081	C1512045
28329872	31	39	Toxicity	T037	C0600688
28329872	43	48	Mouse	T015	C0025929
28329872	49	65	Ovarian Follicle	T023	C0018120
28329872	66	77	Development	T039	C0243107
28329872	79	96	Hormone Secretion	T042	C0312431
28329872	102	119	Oocyte Maturation	T043	C1160520
28329872	120	131	Doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	133	136	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	155	163	commonly	T081	C0205214
28329872	169	191	anticancer medications	T109,T121	C0003392
28329872	221	230	fertility	T040	C0015895
28329872	234	242	damaging	T169	C1883709
28329872	243	260	ovarian follicles	T023	C0018120
28329872	275	289	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
28329872	290	298	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28329872	302	305	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	313	320	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28329872	321	329	follicle	T023	C0018120
28329872	330	341	development	T039	C0243107
28329872	346	363	oocyte maturation	T043	C1160520
28329872	395	404	objective	T170	C0018017
28329872	425	435	effects of	T080	C1704420
28329872	436	441	human	T016	C0086418
28329872	444	452	relevant	T080	C2347946
28329872	453	461	exposure	T080	C0332157
28329872	462	468	levels	T080	C0441889
28329872	472	475	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	479	489	follicular	T023	C0018120
28329872	490	499	functions	T169	C0542341
28329872	507	520	developmental	T039	C0243107
28329872	521	525	time	T079	C0040223
28329872	527	535	In vitro	T080	C1533691
28329872	536	544	cultured	T059	C0430400
28329872	545	583	multilayered secondary mouse follicles	T023	C0737234
28329872	589	596	treated	T169	C1522326
28329872	602	605	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	649	657	follicle	T023	C0018120
28329872	658	669	development	T039	C0243107
28329872	671	688	hormone secretion	T042	C0312431
28329872	694	711	oocyte maturation	T043	C1160520
28329872	727	730	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	738	752	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
28329872	753	761	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28329872	765	780	follicle growth	T042	C1155902
28329872	782	790	survival	T169	C0220921
28329872	796	805	secretion	T042	C0312431
28329872	809	822	17β-estradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
28329872	824	826	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
28329872	840	843	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	844	851	induced	T169	C0205263
28329872	852	862	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
28329872	867	876	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28329872	880	888	follicle	T023	C0018120
28329872	889	902	somatic cells	T025	C1257909
28329872	921	928	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28329872	960	966	uptake	T039	C0243144
28329872	970	973	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	987	1000	somatic cells	T025	C1257909
28329872	1013	1023	germ cells	T025	C0017471
28329872	1025	1034	Follicles	T023	C0018120
28329872	1035	1042	treated	T169	C1522326
28329872	1048	1051	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	1086	1092	oocyte	T025	C0029045
28329872	1093	1105	metaphase II	T043	C1155832
28329872	1107	1110	MII	T043	C1155832
28329872	1112	1123	percentages	T081	C0439165
28329872	1130	1138	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28329872	1139	1156	oocyte maturation	T043	C1160520
28329872	1173	1176	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	1191	1200	increased	T081	C0205217
28329872	1215	1218	MII	T043	C1155832
28329872	1219	1226	oocytes	T025	C0029045
28329872	1232	1240	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28329872	1241	1248	spindle	T026	C1166795
28329872	1249	1259	morphology	T080	C0332437
28329872	1264	1274	chromosome	T026	C0008633
28329872	1275	1287	misalignment	T080	C1275957
28329872	1319	1333	in vitro study	T062	C0681828
28329872	1337	1344	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28329872	1345	1354	treatment	T169	C1522326
28329872	1356	1370	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
28329872	1371	1379	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28329872	1383	1408	oocyte meiotic maturation	T043	C1160520
28329872	1433	1442	CD-1 mice	T015	C0025929
28329872	1443	1450	treated	T169	C1522326
28329872	1456	1459	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	1488	1503	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28329872	1508	1516	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28329872	1517	1534	oocyte maturation	T043	C1160520
28329872	1535	1543	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28329872	1549	1554	study	T062	C2603343
28329872	1573	1576	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28329872	1581	1595	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
28329872	1596	1604	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28329872	1608	1624	ovarian follicle	T023	C0018120
28329872	1625	1636	development	T039	C0243107
28329872	1638	1655	hormone secretion	T042	C0312431
28329872	1661	1678	oocyte maturation	T043	C1160520
28329872	1700	1707	factors	T169	C1521761
28329872	1723	1742	female reproductive	T040	C0278049
28329872	1747	1766	endocrine functions	T039	C0678896

28330470|t|Involvement of apoptotic pathways in docosahexaenoic acid -induced benefit in prostate cancer: Pathway-focused gene expression analysis using RT(2) Profile PCR Array System
28330470|a|Present study aimed to better understand the potential apoptotic pathways that involved in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Human prostate cancer DU145 cells were treated with different concentrations of fish oil, omega-3 PUFA (DHA, and Eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA), or omega-6 PUFA (Arachidonic acid, AA). Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by MTT assay and Hoechst staining. Pathway-focused gene expression profiling of DU145 cells was analyzed with the RT(2) Profile PCR Array System. The results were verified by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). AA exposure showed no obvious effect on viability of DU145 cells. However, exposure with fish oil, EPA, or DHA for 24 h significantly affected cell viability. The growth inhibition of DHA was more pronounced than that of EPA and showed a time-dependent increase. DHA exposure caused typical apoptotic characteristics. Ten genes were more expressed, while 5 genes were less expressed following DHA exposure. RT-qPCR confirmed the time dependent effect of DHA on the expression of these differentially expressed genes. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DHA may induce the apoptosis of cancer cells preferentially through mediating P53, MAPK, TNF, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Our study demonstrated the beneficial action of DHA on human prostate carcinoma cell line DU145. The pro-apoptotic effect of DHA on DU145 cells may involve mediation various pathways, especially P53, MAPK, TNF, PI3K/AKT, and NF-κB signaling pathways. Molecular mechanisms of DHA on apoptosis of cancer cells still need to be further clarified.
28330470	15	33	apoptotic pathways	T043	C3269135
28330470	37	57	docosahexaenoic acid	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	78	93	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28330470	111	135	gene expression analysis	T063	C1880945
28330470	142	172	RT(2) Profile PCR Array System	T063	C3179034
28330470	228	246	apoptotic pathways	T043	C3269135
28330470	264	284	docosahexaenoic acid	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	286	289	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	299	308	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28330470	312	327	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28330470	328	333	cells	T025	C0334227
28330470	335	340	Human	T016	C0086418
28330470	341	356	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28330470	357	368	DU145 cells	T025	C0334227
28330470	415	423	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
28330470	425	437	omega-3 PUFA	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28330470	439	442	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	448	469	Eicosapentaenoic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0000545
28330470	471	474	EPA	T109,T121,T123	C0000545
28330470	480	492	omega-6 PUFA	T109,T123	C0133860
28330470	494	510	Arachidonic acid	T109	C0003695
28330470	512	514	AA	T109	C0003695
28330470	517	531	Cell viability	T043	C0007620
28330470	536	545	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28330470	564	573	MTT assay	T062	C2986858
28330470	578	594	Hoechst staining	T059	C1441607
28330470	612	637	gene expression profiling	T059,T063	C0752248
28330470	641	652	DU145 cells	T025	C0334227
28330470	736	784	real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T063	C3179034
28330470	786	793	RT-qPCR	T063	C3179034
28330470	796	798	AA	T109	C0003695
28330470	836	845	viability	T043	C0007620
28330470	849	860	DU145 cells	T025	C0334227
28330470	885	893	fish oil	T109,T121	C0016157
28330470	895	898	EPA	T109,T121,T123	C0000545
28330470	903	906	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	939	953	cell viability	T043	C0007620
28330470	959	976	growth inhibition	T043	C1512773
28330470	980	983	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	1017	1020	EPA	T109,T121,T123	C0000545
28330470	1059	1062	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	1087	1096	apoptotic	T080	C1516044
28330470	1118	1123	genes	T028	C0017337
28330470	1153	1158	genes	T028	C0017337
28330470	1189	1192	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	1203	1210	RT-qPCR	T063	C3179034
28330470	1250	1253	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	1306	1311	genes	T028	C0017337
28330470	1347	1350	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	1366	1375	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28330470	1379	1391	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28330470	1425	1428	P53	T044	C2984306
28330470	1430	1434	MAPK	T044	C2611831
28330470	1436	1439	TNF	T039	C1519684
28330470	1441	1449	PI3K/AKT	T169	C2984369
28330470	1455	1479	NF-κB signaling pathways	T045	C1513838
28330470	1529	1532	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	1536	1541	human	T016	C0086418
28330470	1542	1560	prostate carcinoma	T191	C0376358
28330470	1561	1576	cell line DU145	T025	C0334227
28330470	1606	1609	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	1613	1624	DU145 cells	T025	C0334227
28330470	1655	1663	pathways	T044	C0037080
28330470	1676	1679	P53	T044	C2984306
28330470	1681	1685	MAPK	T044	C2611831
28330470	1687	1690	TNF	T039	C1519684
28330470	1692	1700	PI3K/AKT	T169	C2984369
28330470	1706	1730	NF-κB signaling pathways	T045	C1513838
28330470	1732	1752	Molecular mechanisms	T044	C1258062
28330470	1756	1759	DHA	T109,T121	C0556150
28330470	1763	1772	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28330470	1776	1788	cancer cells	T025	C0334227

28330678|t|Acute macular edema and peripapillary soft exudate after pancreas transplantation with accelerated progression of diabetic retinopathy
28330678|a|The effect of pancreas transplantation on diabetic retinopathy remains inconclusive. Herein, we report six patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) who underwent pancreas transplantation and developed acute macular edema and peripapillary soft exudate with rapid progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In this retrospective observational study, diabetic patients who underwent pancreas transplantation in a single medical center and developed symptomatic acute macular edema and peripapillary soft exudate within 3 months after the operation were enrolled. The complete ophthalmic course and medical records of the patients were retrospectively reviewed. Diabetic retinopathy and progression following treatment after pancreas transplantation were measured. Six Chinese women with type 1 DM were enrolled in this study. Mean hemoglobin (Hb) A1c was 13.4% prior to transplantation and decreased rapidly to 6.5% within 2 months postsurgery. The patients had no or mild pretransplant diabetic retinopathy and developed acute symptomatic macular edema and peripapillary soft exudate in both eyes after pancreas transplantation. All macular edema resolved either with or without treatment. Five cases progressed to proliferative diabetic retinopathy and received panretinal photocoagulation. Diabetic retinopathy remained stable in all eyes after treatment, and the visual prognosis was good, except in one eye that had macular branch retinal artery occlusion with foveal involvement. Acute macular edema after pancreas transplantation has a favorable treatment outcome despite rapid progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. High pretransplant HbA1c and abrupt blood sugar normalization may be related to the disease course.
28330678	0	5	Acute	T079	C0205178
28330678	6	19	macular edema	T047	C0271051
28330678	24	37	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
28330678	38	42	soft	T080	C0205358
28330678	43	50	exudate	T031	C0015388
28330678	57	81	pancreas transplantation	T061	C0030275
28330678	87	98	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28330678	99	110	progression	T046	C0242656
28330678	114	134	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
28330678	149	173	pancreas transplantation	T061	C0030275
28330678	177	197	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
28330678	206	218	inconclusive	T080	C1629507
28330678	242	250	patients	T101	C0030705
28330678	256	280	type 1 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011854
28330678	282	284	DM	T047	C0011854
28330678	300	324	pancreas transplantation	T061	C0030275
28330678	339	344	acute	T079	C0205178
28330678	345	358	macular edema	T047	C0271051
28330678	363	376	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
28330678	377	381	soft	T080	C0205358
28330678	382	389	exudate	T031	C0015388
28330678	395	400	rapid	T080	C0456962
28330678	401	412	progression	T046	C0242656
28330678	416	450	proliferative diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0154830
28330678	460	493	retrospective observational study	T062	C0035363
28330678	495	503	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28330678	504	512	patients	T101	C0030705
28330678	527	551	pancreas transplantation	T061	C0030275
28330678	557	563	single	T081	C0205171
28330678	564	578	medical center	T073,T093	C0565990
28330678	593	604	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28330678	605	610	acute	T079	C0205178
28330678	611	624	macular edema	T047	C0271051
28330678	629	642	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
28330678	643	647	soft	T080	C0205358
28330678	648	655	exudate	T031	C0015388
28330678	656	662	within	T082	C0332285
28330678	663	671	3 months	T079	C1442461
28330678	672	677	after	T079	C0687676
28330678	682	691	operation	T061	C0543467
28330678	711	719	complete	T080	C0205197
28330678	720	737	ophthalmic course	T079	C0449259
28330678	742	757	medical records	T170	C0025102
28330678	765	773	patients	T101	C0030705
28330678	779	794	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28330678	795	803	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28330678	805	825	Diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
28330678	830	841	progression	T046	C0242656
28330678	842	851	following	T079	C0332282
28330678	852	861	treatment	T061	C0087111
28330678	868	892	pancreas transplantation	T061	C0030275
28330678	898	906	measured	T080	C0444706
28330678	912	919	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28330678	920	925	women	T098	C0043210
28330678	931	940	type 1 DM	T047	C0011854
28330678	963	968	study	T062	C2603343
28330678	975	994	hemoglobin (Hb) A1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28330678	1014	1029	transplantation	T061	C0030275
28330678	1034	1043	decreased	T081	C0205216
28330678	1044	1051	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28330678	1060	1066	within	T082	C0332285
28330678	1067	1075	2 months	T079	C1442456
28330678	1076	1087	postsurgery	T079	C0032790
28330678	1093	1101	patients	T101	C0030705
28330678	1106	1108	no	T169	C1518422
28330678	1112	1116	mild	T080	C2945599
28330678	1117	1130	pretransplant	T169	C0040733
28330678	1131	1151	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
28330678	1166	1171	acute	T079	C0205178
28330678	1172	1183	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28330678	1184	1197	macular edema	T047	C0271051
28330678	1202	1215	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
28330678	1216	1220	soft	T080	C0205358
28330678	1221	1228	exudate	T031	C0015388
28330678	1232	1241	both eyes	T023	C0229118
28330678	1248	1272	pancreas transplantation	T061	C0030275
28330678	1278	1291	macular edema	T047	C0271051
28330678	1292	1300	resolved	T033	C3714811
28330678	1316	1323	without	T080	C0332288
28330678	1324	1333	treatment	T061	C0087111
28330678	1340	1345	cases	T169	C0868928
28330678	1346	1356	progressed	T046	C0242656
28330678	1360	1394	proliferative diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0154830
28330678	1399	1407	received	T080	C1709850
28330678	1408	1435	panretinal photocoagulation	T061	C0730064
28330678	1437	1457	Diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
28330678	1467	1473	stable	T080	C0205360
28330678	1477	1480	all	T081	C0444868
28330678	1481	1485	eyes	T023	C0015392
28330678	1486	1491	after	T079	C0687676
28330678	1492	1501	treatment	T061	C0087111
28330678	1511	1517	visual	T169	C0234621
28330678	1518	1536	prognosis was good	T033	C0278250
28330678	1538	1544	except	T169	C0332300
28330678	1548	1551	one	T081	C0205447
28330678	1552	1555	eye	T023	C0015392
28330678	1565	1572	macular	T082	C0332574
28330678	1573	1604	branch retinal artery occlusion	T047	C0006123
28330678	1610	1616	foveal	T023	C0016622
28330678	1617	1628	involvement	T169	C1314939
28330678	1630	1635	Acute	T079	C0205178
28330678	1636	1649	macular edema	T047	C0271051
28330678	1656	1680	pancreas transplantation	T061	C0030275
28330678	1687	1696	favorable	T080	C3640814
28330678	1697	1714	treatment outcome	T080	C0085415
28330678	1729	1740	progression	T046	C0242656
28330678	1744	1778	proliferative diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0154830
28330678	1780	1784	High	T080	C0205250
28330678	1785	1798	pretransplant	T169	C0040733
28330678	1799	1804	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28330678	1809	1815	abrupt	T080	C1276802
28330678	1816	1827	blood sugar	T109	C0005802
28330678	1828	1841	normalization	T169	C0205245
28330678	1864	1878	disease course	T046	C0242656

28330740|t|Estimating body size in early primates: The case of Archicebus and Teilhardina
28330740|a|Obtaining accurate estimations of the body mass of fossil primates has always been a subject of interest in paleoanthropology because mass is an important determinant for so many other aspects of biology, ecology, and life history. This paper focuses on the issues involved in attempting to reconstruct the mass of two early Eocene haplorhine primates, Teilhardina and Archicebus, which pose particular problems due to their small size and temporal and phylogenetic distance from extant primates. In addition to a ranking of variables from more to less useful, the effect of using models of varying taxonomic and size compositions is examined. Phylogenetic correction is also applied to the primate database. Our results indicate that the choice of variable is more critical than the choice of model. The more reliable variables are the mediolateral breadth across the femoral condyles and the area of the calcaneocuboid facet of the calcaneus. These variables suggest a body mass of 39 g (range 33-46 g) for Archicebus and 48 g (range 44-56 g) for Teilhardina. The width of the distal femur is found to be the most consistent estimator across models of various composition and techniques. The effect of phylogenetic correction is small but the choice of branch length assumption affects point estimates for the fossils. The majority of variables and models predict the body mass of Archicebus and Teilhardina to be in the range of the smaller extant mouse lemurs, as expected.
28330740	0	10	Estimating	T081	C0750572
28330740	11	20	body size	T032	C0005901
28330740	24	29	early	T079	C1279919
28330740	30	38	primates	T015	C0033147
28330740	44	48	case	T169	C0868928
28330740	52	62	Archicebus	T015	C0033147
28330740	67	78	Teilhardina	T015	C0033147
28330740	89	97	accurate	T080	C0443131
28330740	117	126	body mass	T033	C0518010
28330740	130	136	fossil	T167	C0016614
28330740	137	145	primates	T015	C0033147
28330740	164	171	subject	T078	C1706203
28330740	187	204	paleoanthropology	T090	C0003184
28330740	213	217	mass	T033	C0518010
28330740	234	245	determinant	T169	C1521761
28330740	275	282	biology	T091	C0005532
28330740	284	291	ecology	T090	C0013546
28330740	297	309	life history	T032	C0598779
28330740	316	321	paper	T078	C1547566
28330740	386	390	mass	T033	C0518010
28330740	398	403	early	T079	C1279919
28330740	404	430	Eocene haplorhine primates	T015	C0033147
28330740	432	443	Teilhardina	T015	C0033147
28330740	448	458	Archicebus	T015	C0033147
28330740	482	490	problems	T033	C0033213
28330740	504	509	small	T081	C0700321
28330740	510	514	size	T082	C0456389
28330740	519	527	temporal	T079	C2362314
28330740	532	544	phylogenetic	T062	C1519068
28330740	545	553	distance	T081	C0012751
28330740	566	574	primates	T015	C0033147
28330740	593	600	ranking	T170	C0699794
28330740	604	613	variables	T080	C0439828
28330740	619	623	more	T081	C0205172
28330740	627	631	less	T081	C0439092
28330740	632	638	useful	T080	C3827682
28330740	660	666	models	T075	C0026336
28330740	678	687	taxonomic	T169	C0008903
28330740	692	696	size	T082	C0456389
28330740	697	709	compositions	T201	C0486616
28330740	723	735	Phylogenetic	T062	C1519068
28330740	736	746	correction	T169	C1947976
28330740	770	777	primate	T015	C0033147
28330740	778	786	database	T170	C0242356
28330740	792	799	results	T169	C1274040
28330740	818	824	choice	T052	C1707391
28330740	828	836	variable	T080	C0439828
28330740	845	853	critical	T080	C1511545
28330740	863	869	choice	T052	C1707391
28330740	873	878	model	T075	C0026336
28330740	889	897	reliable	T170	C3858758
28330740	898	907	variables	T080	C0439828
28330740	916	928	mediolateral	T082	C0441992
28330740	929	936	breadth	T082	C1254362
28330740	948	964	femoral condyles	T023	C0582800
28330740	973	977	area	T082	C0205146
28330740	985	1005	calcaneocuboid facet	T030	C0224720
28330740	1013	1022	calcaneus	T023	C0006655
28330740	1030	1039	variables	T080	C0439828
28330740	1050	1059	body mass	T033	C0518010
28330740	1069	1074	range	T081	C1514721
28330740	1088	1098	Archicebus	T015	C0033147
28330740	1128	1139	Teilhardina	T015	C0033147
28330740	1145	1150	width	T081	C0487742
28330740	1158	1170	distal femur	T023	C0448194
28330740	1206	1215	estimator	T097	C0401805
28330740	1223	1229	models	T075	C0026336
28330740	1241	1252	composition	T201	C0486616
28330740	1257	1267	techniques	T169	C0449851
28330740	1273	1279	effect	T080	C1280500
28330740	1283	1295	phylogenetic	T062	C1519068
28330740	1296	1306	correction	T169	C1947976
28330740	1310	1315	small	T081	C0700321
28330740	1324	1330	choice	T052	C1707391
28330740	1341	1347	length	T081	C1444754
28330740	1367	1372	point	T082	C3714763
28330740	1373	1382	estimates	T081	C0750572
28330740	1391	1398	fossils	T167	C0016614
28330740	1416	1425	variables	T080	C0439828
28330740	1430	1436	models	T075	C0026336
28330740	1449	1458	body mass	T033	C0518010
28330740	1462	1472	Archicebus	T015	C0033147
28330740	1477	1488	Teilhardina	T015	C0033147
28330740	1502	1507	range	T081	C1514721
28330740	1515	1522	smaller	T080	C0547044
28330740	1530	1542	mouse lemurs	T015	C0025956

28331048|t|G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3 and Protein Kinase C Phosphorylate the Distal C-Terminal Tail of the Chemokine Receptor CXCR4 and Mediate Recruitment of β-Arrestin
28331048|a|Phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is a key event for cell signaling and regulation of receptor function. Previously, using tandem mass spectrometry, we identified two phosphorylation sites at the distal C-terminal tail of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, but were unable to determine which specific residues were phosphorylated. Here, we demonstrate that serines (Ser) 346 and/or 347 (Ser-346/7) of CXCR4 are phosphorylated upon stimulation with the agonist CXCL12 as well as a CXCR4 pepducin, ATI-2341. ATI-2341, a Gαiβγ heterotrimer - biased CXCR4 agonist, induced more robust phosphorylation of Ser-346/7 compared with CXCL12. Knockdown of G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 2, GRK3, or GRK6 reduced CXCL12 - induced phosphorylation of Ser-346/7 with GRK3 knockdown having the strongest effect, while inhibition of the conventional protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, particularly PKCα, reduced phosphorylation of Ser-346/7 induced by either CXCL12 or ATI-2341. The loss of GRK3 - or PKC -mediated phosphorylation of Ser-346/7 impaired the recruitment of β-arrestin to CXCR4. We also found that a pseudo - substrate peptide inhibitor for PKCζ effectively inhibited CXCR4 phosphorylation and signaling, most likely by functioning as a nonspecific CXCR4 antagonist. Together, these studies demonstrate the role Ser-346 / 7 plays in arrestin recruitment and initiation of receptor desensitization and provide insight into the dysregulation of CXCR4 observed in patients with various forms of WHIM syndrome.
28331048	0	35	G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 3	T116,T126,T192	C0285499
28331048	40	56	Protein Kinase C	T116,T126	C0033634
28331048	57	70	Phosphorylate	T044	C1158886
28331048	75	81	Distal	T082	C0205108
28331048	82	97	C-Terminal Tail	T087	C1707271
28331048	105	123	Chemokine Receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0524914
28331048	124	129	CXCR4	T116,T129,T192	C0250501
28331048	142	153	Recruitment	T043	C0597704
28331048	157	167	β-Arrestin	T116,T123	C0167464
28331048	168	183	Phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28331048	187	214	G protein-coupled receptors	T116,T192	C0682972
28331048	216	221	GPCRs	T116,T192	C0682972
28331048	242	256	cell signaling	T043	C0037083
28331048	261	271	regulation	T038	C1327622
28331048	275	292	receptor function	T044	C0920644
28331048	312	336	tandem mass spectrometry	T063	C0599748
28331048	341	351	identified	T080	C0205396
28331048	356	377	phosphorylation sites	T087	C1519063
28331048	385	391	distal	T082	C0205108
28331048	392	407	C-terminal tail	T087	C1707271
28331048	415	433	chemokine receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0524914
28331048	434	439	CXCR4	T116,T129,T192	C0250501
28331048	476	484	specific	T080	C0205369
28331048	485	493	residues	T077	C1709915
28331048	499	513	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
28331048	541	558	serines (Ser) 346	T087	C1519254
28331048	566	581	347 (Ser-346/7)	T087	C1519254
28331048	585	590	CXCR4	T116,T129,T192	C0250501
28331048	595	609	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
28331048	615	626	stimulation	T070	C1948023
28331048	636	643	agonist	T121	C2987634
28331048	644	650	CXCL12	T116,T129	C0218504
28331048	664	669	CXCR4	T116,T129,T192	C0250501
28331048	670	678	pepducin	T121	C1254351
28331048	680	688	ATI-2341	T116,T121	C3851300
28331048	690	698	ATI-2341	T116,T121	C3851300
28331048	702	707	Gαiβγ	T116,T126	C0752348
28331048	708	720	heterotrimer	T044	C2610863
28331048	723	729	biased	T078	C0242568
28331048	730	735	CXCR4	T116,T129,T192	C0250501
28331048	736	743	agonist	T121	C2987634
28331048	745	752	induced	T169	C0205263
28331048	758	764	robust	T080	C2986815
28331048	765	780	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28331048	784	793	Ser-346/7	T087	C1519254
28331048	808	814	CXCL12	T116,T129	C0218504
28331048	816	825	Knockdown	T063	C2350567
28331048	829	870	G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 2	T028	C1366490
28331048	872	876	GRK3	T028	C1332030
28331048	881	885	GRK6	T028	C1333700
28331048	886	893	reduced	T080	C0392756
28331048	894	900	CXCL12	T116,T129	C0218504
28331048	903	910	induced	T169	C0205263
28331048	911	926	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28331048	930	939	Ser-346/7	T087	C1519254
28331048	945	949	GRK3	T028	C1332030
28331048	950	959	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28331048	981	987	effect	T080	C1280500
28331048	995	1005	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28331048	1026	1042	protein kinase C	T116,T126	C0033634
28331048	1043	1048	(PKC)	T116,T126	C0033634
28331048	1049	1057	isoforms	T116	C0597298
28331048	1072	1076	PKCα	T116,T126	C0256371
28331048	1078	1085	reduced	T080	C0392756
28331048	1086	1101	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28331048	1105	1114	Ser-346/7	T087	C1519254
28331048	1115	1122	induced	T169	C0205263
28331048	1133	1139	CXCL12	T116,T129	C0218504
28331048	1143	1151	ATI-2341	T116,T121	C3851300
28331048	1165	1169	GRK3	T028	C1332030
28331048	1175	1178	PKC	T116,T126	C0033634
28331048	1189	1204	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28331048	1208	1217	Ser-346/7	T087	C1519254
28331048	1218	1226	impaired	T169	C0221099
28331048	1231	1242	recruitment	T043	C0597704
28331048	1246	1256	β-arrestin	T116,T123	C0167464
28331048	1260	1265	CXCR4	T116,T129,T192	C0250501
28331048	1288	1294	pseudo	T080	C0205237
28331048	1297	1306	substrate	T167	C3891814
28331048	1307	1324	peptide inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28331048	1329	1333	PKCζ	T116,T126	C0256813
28331048	1346	1355	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28331048	1356	1361	CXCR4	T116,T192	C2352110
28331048	1362	1377	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28331048	1382	1391	signaling	T043	C0037083
28331048	1425	1436	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
28331048	1437	1442	CXCR4	T116,T129,T192	C0250501
28331048	1443	1453	antagonist	T120	C0003139
28331048	1471	1478	studies	T062	C2603343
28331048	1500	1507	Ser-346	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28331048	1510	1511	7	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28331048	1521	1529	arrestin	T116,T129	C0104230
28331048	1530	1541	recruitment	T043	C0597704
28331048	1546	1556	initiation	T169	C1704686
28331048	1560	1584	receptor desensitization	T044	C1709852
28331048	1614	1627	dysregulation	T077	C3887504
28331048	1631	1636	CXCR4	T116,T129,T192	C0250501
28331048	1649	1657	patients	T101	C0030705
28331048	1680	1693	WHIM syndrome	T047	C0472817

28331254|t|An Investigation to Identify Potential Risk Factors Associated with Common Chronic Diseases Among the Older Population in India
28331254|a|In India, chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and their prevalence has constantly increased over the last decade. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with common chronic diseases among people aged 50 years and over in India. Data from Wave 1 of the 2007/2008 Indian Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) was used to investigate the association between lifestyle choices and chronic diseases using logistic regression. The fully adjusted model showed that significant independent risk factors for angina included area of residence, being diagnosed with diabetes, chronic lung disease (CLD) [highest odds ratio (OR) 4.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.95-7.70] and arthritis. For arthritis, risk factors included having underlying diabetes, CLD diagnosis, or angina (highest OR 2.32, 95% CI: 1.63-3.31). Risk factors associated with CLD included arthritis, angina (highest OR 4.76, 95% CI: 2.94-7.72), alcohol use, and tobacco use. Risk factors associated with diabetes included level of education, area of residence, socioeconomic status, angina (highest OR 3.59, 95% CI: 2.44-5.29), CLD, arthritis, stroke, and vegetable consumption. Finally, risk factors associated with stroke included diabetes and angina (highest OR 3.34, 95% CI: 1.72-6.50). The presence of any other comorbidity was significantly associated with all five chronic diseases studied. The results show that within the older population, the contribution of lifestyle risk factors to the common chronic diseases investigated in this study was limited. Our findings showed that the major health issue within the study population was multimorbidity.
28331254	3	16	Investigation	T033	C0243095
28331254	29	38	Potential	T080	C3245505
28331254	39	51	Risk Factors	T033	C0035648
28331254	52	67	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28331254	68	74	Common	T081	C0205214
28331254	75	91	Chronic Diseases	T047	C0008679
28331254	102	118	Older Population	T098	C1518563
28331254	122	127	India	T083	C0021201
28331254	131	136	India	T083	C0021201
28331254	138	154	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28331254	163	170	leading	T169	C1522538
28331254	171	185	cause of death	T033	C0007465
28331254	196	206	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28331254	211	221	constantly	T080	C1948059
28331254	222	231	increased	T081	C0205217
28331254	246	252	decade	T081	C2981279
28331254	283	295	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28331254	296	311	associated with	T080	C0332281
28331254	312	318	common	T081	C0205214
28331254	319	335	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28331254	342	348	people	T098	C0027361
28331254	375	380	India	T083	C0021201
28331254	382	386	Data	T078	C1511726
28331254	416	422	Indian	T083	C0021201
28331254	423	462	Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health	T062	C0023981
28331254	464	468	SAGE	T062	C0023981
28331254	482	493	investigate	T169	C1292732
28331254	498	509	association	T080	C0439849
28331254	518	535	lifestyle choices	T033	C4062319
28331254	540	556	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28331254	563	582	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28331254	603	608	model	T081,T170	C0023965
28331254	621	632	significant	T078	C0750502
28331254	633	644	independent	T078	C0085862
28331254	645	657	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28331254	662	668	angina	T184	C0002962
28331254	669	677	included	T169	C0332257
28331254	678	682	area	T083	C0017446
28331254	686	695	residence	T082	C0237096
28331254	703	712	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28331254	718	726	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28331254	728	748	chronic lung disease	T047	C0746102
28331254	750	753	CLD	T047	C0746102
28331254	756	763	highest	T080	C1522410
28331254	764	774	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28331254	776	778	OR	T081	C0028873
28331254	790	809	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28331254	811	813	CI	T081	C0009667
28331254	831	840	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28331254	846	855	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28331254	857	869	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28331254	897	905	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28331254	907	910	CLD	T047	C0746102
28331254	911	920	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28331254	925	931	angina	T184	C0002962
28331254	933	940	highest	T080	C1522410
28331254	941	943	OR	T081	C0028873
28331254	954	956	CI	T081	C0009667
28331254	970	982	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
28331254	983	998	associated with	T080	C0332281
28331254	999	1002	CLD	T047	C0746102
28331254	1012	1021	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28331254	1023	1029	angina	T184	C0002962
28331254	1031	1038	highest	T080	C1522410
28331254	1039	1041	OR	T081	C0028873
28331254	1052	1054	CI	T081	C0009667
28331254	1068	1079	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
28331254	1085	1096	tobacco use	T055	C0543414
28331254	1098	1110	Risk factors	T033	C0035648
28331254	1111	1126	associated with	T080	C0332281
28331254	1127	1135	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28331254	1145	1163	level of education	T033	C0013658
28331254	1165	1169	area	T083	C0017446
28331254	1173	1182	residence	T082	C0237096
28331254	1184	1204	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
28331254	1206	1212	angina	T184	C0002962
28331254	1214	1221	highest	T080	C1522410
28331254	1222	1224	OR	T081	C0028873
28331254	1235	1237	CI	T081	C0009667
28331254	1251	1254	CLD	T047	C0746102
28331254	1256	1265	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28331254	1267	1273	stroke	T047	C0038454
28331254	1279	1288	vegetable	T168	C0042440
28331254	1289	1300	consumption	T052	C2983605
28331254	1311	1323	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28331254	1324	1339	associated with	T080	C0332281
28331254	1340	1346	stroke	T047	C0038454
28331254	1356	1364	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28331254	1369	1375	angina	T184	C0002962
28331254	1377	1384	highest	T080	C1522410
28331254	1385	1387	OR	T081	C0028873
28331254	1398	1400	CI	T081	C0009667
28331254	1418	1426	presence	T033	C0150312
28331254	1440	1451	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28331254	1456	1469	significantly	T078	C0750502
28331254	1470	1485	associated with	T080	C0332281
28331254	1495	1511	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28331254	1554	1570	older population	T098	C1518563
28331254	1576	1588	contribution	T052	C1880177
28331254	1592	1601	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28331254	1602	1614	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28331254	1622	1628	common	T081	C0205214
28331254	1629	1645	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28331254	1646	1658	investigated	T169	C1292732
28331254	1677	1684	limited	T169	C0439801
28331254	1715	1720	major	T080	C0205164
28331254	1721	1727	health	T078	C0018684
28331254	1728	1733	issue	T033	C0033213
28331254	1745	1761	study population	T098	C2348561
28331254	1766	1780	multimorbidity	T078	C1535889

28331599|t|Species distribution modeling and molecular markers suggest longitudinal range shifts and cryptic northern refugia of the typical calcareous grassland species Hippocrepis comosa (horseshoe vetch)
28331599|a|Calcareous grasslands belong to the most diverse, endangered habitats in Europe, but there is still insufficient information about the origin of the plant species related to these grasslands. In order to illuminate this question, we chose for our study the representative grassland species Hippocrepis comosa (Horseshoe vetch). Based on species distribution modeling and molecular markers, we identified the glacial refugia and the postglacial migration routes of the species to Central Europe. We clearly demonstrate that H. comosa followed a latitudinal and due to its oceanity also a longitudinal gradient during the last glacial maximum (LGM), restricting the species to southern refugia situated on the Peninsulas of Iberia, the Balkans, and Italy during the last glaciation. However, we also found evidence for cryptic northern refugia in the UK, the Alps, and Central Germany. Both species distribution modeling and molecular markers underline that refugia of temperate, oceanic species such as H. comosa must not be exclusively located in southern but also in western of parts of Europe. The analysis showed a distinct separation of the southern refugia into a western cluster embracing Iberia and an eastern group including the Balkans and Italy, which determined the postglacial recolonization of Central Europe. At the end of the LGM, H. comosa seems to have expanded from the Iberian refugium, to Central and Northern Europe, including the UK, Belgium, and Germany.
28331599	0	7	Species	T185	C1705920
28331599	8	20	distribution	T169	C1704711
28331599	21	29	modeling	T062	C0870071
28331599	34	51	molecular markers	T201	C0005516
28331599	60	85	longitudinal range shifts	T169	C0333051
28331599	90	114	cryptic northern refugia	T070	C4042836
28331599	130	150	calcareous grassland	T082	C0442534
28331599	151	158	species	T185	C1705920
28331599	159	177	Hippocrepis comosa	T002	C1939912
28331599	179	194	horseshoe vetch	T002	C1939912
28331599	196	217	Calcareous grasslands	T082	C0442534
28331599	237	244	diverse	T080	C1880371
28331599	246	265	endangered habitats	T082	C0871648
28331599	269	275	Europe	T083	C0015176
28331599	309	320	information	T078	C1533716
28331599	331	337	origin	T079	C0439659
28331599	345	350	plant	T002	C0032098
28331599	351	358	species	T185	C1705920
28331599	376	386	grasslands	T082	C0442534
28331599	468	477	grassland	T082	C0442534
28331599	478	485	species	T185	C1705920
28331599	486	504	Hippocrepis comosa	T002	C1939912
28331599	506	521	Horseshoe vetch	T002	C1939912
28331599	533	540	species	T185	C1705920
28331599	541	553	distribution	T169	C1704711
28331599	554	562	modeling	T062	C0870071
28331599	567	584	molecular markers	T201	C0005516
28331599	604	619	glacial refugia	T070	C4042836
28331599	628	656	postglacial migration routes	T082	C1254362
28331599	664	671	species	T185	C1705920
28331599	675	689	Central Europe	T083	C0682369
28331599	719	728	H. comosa	T002	C1939912
28331599	740	751	latitudinal	T080	C0205556
28331599	767	775	oceanity	T080	C0205556
28331599	783	804	longitudinal gradient	T081	C0812409
28331599	816	836	last glacial maximum	T079	C1948053
28331599	838	841	LGM	T079	C1948053
28331599	844	855	restricting	T169	C0443288
28331599	860	867	species	T185	C1705920
28331599	871	887	southern refugia	T070	C4042836
28331599	904	924	Peninsulas of Iberia	T083	C3829576
28331599	930	937	Balkans	T083	C3494471
28331599	943	948	Italy	T083	C0022277
28331599	960	975	last glaciation	T070	C1254365
28331599	1000	1008	evidence	T078	C3887511
28331599	1013	1037	cryptic northern refugia	T070	C4042836
28331599	1045	1047	UK	T083	C0041700
28331599	1049	1057	the Alps	T083	C0017446
28331599	1063	1078	Central Germany	T083	C0017480
28331599	1085	1092	species	T185	C1705920
28331599	1093	1105	distribution	T169	C1704711
28331599	1106	1114	modeling	T062	C0870071
28331599	1119	1136	molecular markers	T201	C0005516
28331599	1152	1159	refugia	T070	C4042836
28331599	1174	1189	oceanic species	T185	C1705920
28331599	1198	1207	H. comosa	T002	C1939912
28331599	1243	1251	southern	T083	C0037724
28331599	1264	1290	western of parts of Europe	T083	C0043129
28331599	1296	1304	analysis	T062	C0936012
28331599	1323	1333	separation	T080	C0443299
28331599	1341	1357	southern refugia	T070	C4042836
28331599	1365	1380	western cluster	T081	C1704332
28331599	1391	1397	Iberia	T083	C3829576
28331599	1405	1412	eastern	T082	C1707877
28331599	1413	1418	group	T078	C0441833
28331599	1433	1440	Balkans	T083	C3494471
28331599	1445	1450	Italy	T083	C0022277
28331599	1473	1499	postglacial recolonization	T070	C1254365
28331599	1503	1517	Central Europe	T083	C0682369
28331599	1537	1540	LGM	T079	C1948053
28331599	1542	1551	H. comosa	T002	C1939912
28331599	1584	1600	Iberian refugium	T083	C3829576
28331599	1605	1612	Central	T083	C0682369
28331599	1617	1632	Northern Europe	T083	C0028413
28331599	1648	1650	UK	T083	C0041700
28331599	1652	1659	Belgium	T083	C0004950
28331599	1665	1672	Germany	T083	C0017480

28331620|t|Anger and aggression in borderline personality disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - does stress matter?
28331620|a|The impact of stress on anger and aggression in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has not been thoroughly investigated. The goal of this study was to investigate different aspects of anger and aggression in patients with these disorders. Twenty-nine unmedicated female BPD patients, 28 ADHD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) completed self-reports measuring trait anger, aggression and emotion regulation capacities. A modified version of the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm and a state anger measurement were applied under resting and stress conditions. Stress was induced by the Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test (MMST). Both patient groups scored significantly higher on all self-report measures compared to HCs. Compared to ADHD patients, BPD patients reported higher trait aggression and hostility, a stronger tendency to express anger when provoked and to direct anger inwardly. Furthermore, BPD patients exhibited higher state anger than HCs and ADHD patients under both conditions and showed a stress-dependent anger increase. At the behavioral level, no significant effects were found. In BPD patients, aggression and anger were positively correlated with emotion regulation deficits. Our findings suggest a significant impact of stress on self-perceived state anger in BPD patients but not on aggressive behavior towards others in females with BPD or ADHD. However, it appears to be pronounced inwardly directed anger which is of clinical importance in BPD patients.
28331620	0	5	Anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	10	20	aggression	T055	C0001807
28331620	24	55	borderline personality disorder	T048	C0006012
28331620	60	100	attention deficit hyperactivity disorder	T048	C1263846
28331620	108	114	stress	T033	C0038435
28331620	127	133	impact	T080	C4049986
28331620	137	143	stress	T033	C0038435
28331620	147	152	anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	157	167	aggression	T055	C0001807
28331620	171	202	Borderline Personality Disorder	T048	C0006012
28331620	204	207	BPD	T048	C0006012
28331620	213	253	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	T048	C1263846
28331620	255	259	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28331620	285	297	investigated	T169	C1292732
28331620	316	321	study	T062	C2603343
28331620	329	340	investigate	T169	C1292732
28331620	362	367	anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	372	382	aggression	T055	C0001807
28331620	386	394	patients	T101	C0030705
28331620	406	415	disorders	T047	C0012634
28331620	429	440	unmedicated	T033	C0243095
28331620	441	447	female	T032	C0086287
28331620	448	451	BPD	T048	C0006012
28331620	452	460	patients	T101	C0030705
28331620	465	469	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28331620	470	478	patients	T101	C0030705
28331620	486	502	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28331620	504	506	HC	T080	C2986479
28331620	518	530	self-reports	T062	C2700446
28331620	531	540	measuring	T080	C0444706
28331620	541	546	trait	T032	C0599883
28331620	547	552	anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	554	564	aggression	T055	C0001807
28331620	569	587	emotion regulation	T041	C2370884
28331620	626	663	Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm	T062	C0681797
28331620	670	693	state anger measurement	T062	C0242481
28331620	713	720	resting	T080	C0348080
28331620	725	742	stress conditions	T080	C0348080
28331620	744	750	Stress	T033	C0038435
28331620	755	762	induced	T169	C0205263
28331620	770	805	Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test	T060	C3494508
28331620	807	811	MMST	T060	C3494508
28331620	819	826	patient	T101	C0030705
28331620	834	840	scored	T081	C0449820
28331620	869	880	self-report	T062	C2700446
28331620	881	889	measures	T080	C0444706
28331620	890	898	compared	T052	C1707455
28331620	902	905	HCs	T080	C2986479
28331620	907	915	Compared	T052	C1707455
28331620	919	923	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28331620	924	932	patients	T101	C0030705
28331620	934	937	BPD	T048	C0006012
28331620	938	946	patients	T101	C0030705
28331620	963	968	trait	T032	C0599883
28331620	969	979	aggression	T055	C0001807
28331620	984	993	hostility	T041	C0020039
28331620	1026	1031	anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	1060	1065	anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	1089	1092	BPD	T048	C0006012
28331620	1093	1101	patients	T101	C0030705
28331620	1125	1130	anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	1136	1139	HCs	T080	C2986479
28331620	1144	1148	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28331620	1149	1157	patients	T101	C0030705
28331620	1193	1209	stress-dependent	T169	C0205245
28331620	1210	1215	anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	1233	1249	behavioral level	T053	C0004927
28331620	1289	1292	BPD	T048	C0006012
28331620	1293	1301	patients	T101	C0030705
28331620	1303	1313	aggression	T055	C0001807
28331620	1318	1323	anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	1356	1374	emotion regulation	T041	C2370884
28331620	1375	1383	deficits	T080	C2987487
28331620	1389	1397	findings	T033	C0243095
28331620	1420	1426	impact	T080	C4049986
28331620	1430	1436	stress	T033	C0038435
28331620	1461	1466	anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	1470	1473	BPD	T048	C0006012
28331620	1474	1482	patients	T101	C0030705
28331620	1494	1513	aggressive behavior	T055	C0001807
28331620	1532	1539	females	T032	C0086287
28331620	1545	1548	BPD	T048	C0006012
28331620	1552	1556	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28331620	1613	1618	anger	T041	C0002957
28331620	1631	1639	clinical	T080	C0205210
28331620	1640	1650	importance	T080	C3898777
28331620	1654	1657	BPD	T048	C0006012
28331620	1658	1666	patients	T101	C0030705

28332137|t|Correction of dilutional anemia induces renal dysfunction in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a consequence of microcirculatory alterations?
28332137|a|In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of dilutional anemia resulting from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and its correction with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on tissue oxygenation and renal function in diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). 70 diabetic patients who underwent elective CABG and whose hematocrit values had been between 24-28% at any time during CBP were prospectively randomized and equally allocated to two groups: patients who received RBC during CPB (group I, n = 35) vs. did not receive RBC during CPB (group II, n = 35). Besides routine hemodynamic and biochemical parameters, biomarkers of ischemia and renal injury such as ischemia modified albumin (IMA), protein oxidation parameters [advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP), total thiol (T-SH)], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured in both groups. In group I, T-SH, NGAL and urea levels were found to be significantly increased postoperatively compared to preoperative measurements (p < 0.05). Also, postoperatively, NGAL, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and AOPP levels were higher in group I than group II (p < 0.05). The correction of anemia with RBC transfusion in diabetic patients undergoing CABG could increase the risk of renal injury. Further studies verifying the effects of blood transfusions at the microcirculatory level are needed to optimize the efficacy of transfusions.
28332137	14	31	dilutional anemia	T047	C0472711
28332137	40	57	renal dysfunction	T033	C3279454
28332137	61	69	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28332137	70	78	patients	T101	C0030705
28332137	90	121	coronary artery bypass grafting	T061	C0010055
28332137	140	156	microcirculatory	T042	C0025962
28332137	178	183	study	T062	C2603343
28332137	209	219	effects of	T080	C1704420
28332137	220	237	dilutional anemia	T047	C0472711
28332137	253	275	cardiopulmonary bypass	T061	C0007202
28332137	277	280	CPB	T061	C0007202
28332137	306	338	red blood cell (RBC) transfusion	T061	C0086252
28332137	342	360	tissue oxygenation	T042	C0872293
28332137	365	379	renal function	T042	C0232804
28332137	383	391	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28332137	392	400	patients	T101	C0030705
28332137	412	443	coronary artery bypass grafting	T061	C0010055
28332137	445	449	CABG	T061	C0010055
28332137	455	463	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28332137	464	472	patients	T101	C0030705
28332137	496	500	CABG	T061	C0010055
28332137	511	528	hematocrit values	T033	C0518014
28332137	572	575	CBP	T061	C0007202
28332137	635	641	groups	T078	C0441833
28332137	643	651	patients	T101	C0030705
28332137	665	668	RBC	T025	C0014792
28332137	676	679	CPB	T061	C0007202
28332137	681	688	group I	T078	C0441833
28332137	718	721	RBC	T025	C0014792
28332137	729	732	CPB	T061	C0007202
28332137	734	742	group II	T078	C0441833
28332137	769	780	hemodynamic	T042	C0019010
28332137	797	807	parameters	T077	C0549193
28332137	823	831	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28332137	836	848	renal injury	T037	C0160420
28332137	857	882	ischemia modified albumin	T116	C3266190
28332137	884	887	IMA	T116	C3266190
28332137	890	907	protein oxidation	T044	C1159301
28332137	908	918	parameters	T077	C0549193
28332137	920	955	advanced oxidative protein products	T109	C1976991
28332137	957	961	AOPP	T109	C1976991
28332137	964	975	total thiol	T123	C0574031
28332137	977	981	T-SH	T123	C0574031
28332137	985	1027	neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin	T116,T123	C0215955
28332137	1029	1033	NGAL	T116,T123	C0215955
28332137	1039	1075	estimated glomerular filtration rate	T059	C3811844
28332137	1077	1081	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28332137	1088	1096	measured	T080	C0444706
28332137	1105	1111	groups	T078	C0441833
28332137	1116	1123	group I	T078	C0441833
28332137	1125	1129	T-SH	T123	C0574031
28332137	1131	1135	NGAL	T116,T123	C0215955
28332137	1140	1151	urea levels	T034	C0428275
28332137	1183	1192	increased	T081	C0205217
28332137	1193	1208	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28332137	1221	1233	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28332137	1234	1246	measurements	T169	C0242485
28332137	1265	1280	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28332137	1282	1286	NGAL	T116,T123	C0215955
28332137	1288	1298	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28332137	1300	1326	aspartate aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0004002
28332137	1331	1335	AOPP	T109	C1976991
28332137	1348	1354	higher	T080	C0205250
28332137	1358	1365	group I	T078	C0441833
28332137	1371	1379	group II	T078	C0441833
28332137	1410	1416	anemia	T047	C0002871
28332137	1422	1437	RBC transfusion	T061	C0086252
28332137	1441	1449	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28332137	1450	1458	patients	T101	C0030705
28332137	1470	1474	CABG	T061	C0010055
28332137	1494	1498	risk	T078	C0035647
28332137	1502	1514	renal injury	T037	C0160420
28332137	1546	1556	effects of	T080	C1704420
28332137	1557	1575	blood transfusions	T061	C0005841
28332137	1583	1599	microcirculatory	T042	C0025962
28332137	1633	1641	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28332137	1645	1657	transfusions	T061	C1879316

28332360|t|Entecavir to Telbivudine Switch Therapy in Entecavir - Treated Patients with Undetectable Hepatitis B Viral DNA
28332360|a|This study examined 2-year outcome of consecutive therapy using entecavir (ETV) followed by telbivudine (LdT) in subjects with undetectable hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level and normal alanine aminotransferase level after the initial 6 months of ETV treatment. Sixty subjects were randomized to continue with ETV or switch to LdT. Significant difference in baseline characteristics was not found between the two groups. Persistent HBV DNA level of 20-60 IU/mL in three consecutive samples collected three months apart or singly measured HBV DNA level of >60 IU/mL was defined as virological rebound. During 96 weeks of follow-up, all subjects of the ETV -only group (n=30) resulted in undetectable HBV DNA level. On the other hand, 83.3% (n=25) of the LdT - switched group showed treatment success. Virological rebound time varied from week 24 to 84 after switching to LdT. HBV DNA level was 180 to 2940 IU/mL at rebound time. All subjects with virological rebound (n=5) showed drug-resistant mutation: three had mutation rtM204I, and two had mutation rtM204V. Consecutive treatment using ETV followed by LdT showed virological rebound in 16.7% of subjects during 96 weeks of follow-up. HBV DNA negativity during initial ETV therapy could not be achieved in patients who switched to LdT. Consecutive treatment using ETV followed by lamivudine was ineffective for treating chronic hepatitis B. LdT was found as a more potent antiviral agent than lamivudine. However, this conclusion requires larger-scale, long-term prospective reviews of the treatment effects of ETV - LdT switch therapy.
28332360	0	9	Entecavir	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	13	24	Telbivudine	T114,T121	C1453933
28332360	25	31	Switch	T058	C2936279
28332360	32	39	Therapy	T061	C0087111
28332360	43	52	Entecavir	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	55	62	Treated	T169	C1522326
28332360	63	71	Patients	T101	C0030705
28332360	77	89	Undetectable	T201	C3827727
28332360	90	111	Hepatitis B Viral DNA	T059	C4272240
28332360	139	146	outcome	T080	C0085415
28332360	162	169	therapy	T061	C0087111
28332360	176	185	entecavir	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	187	190	ETV	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	204	215	telbivudine	T114,T121	C1453933
28332360	217	220	LdT	T114,T121	C1453933
28332360	225	233	subjects	T098	C0080105
28332360	239	251	undetectable	T201	C3827727
28332360	252	285	hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level	T059	C4272240
28332360	297	327	alanine aminotransferase level	T059	C0201836
28332360	358	361	ETV	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	362	371	treatment	T061	C0087111
28332360	379	387	subjects	T098	C0080105
28332360	421	424	ETV	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	428	434	switch	T058	C2936279
28332360	438	441	LdT	T114,T121	C1453933
28332360	469	493	baseline characteristics	T033	C1290922
28332360	543	556	HBV DNA level	T059	C4272240
28332360	593	600	samples	T167	C0370003
28332360	611	623	three months	T079	C4082119
28332360	649	662	HBV DNA level	T059	C4272240
28332360	691	702	virological	T169	C0205466
28332360	731	740	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28332360	746	754	subjects	T098	C0080105
28332360	762	765	ETV	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	797	809	undetectable	T201	C3827727
28332360	810	823	HBV DNA level	T059	C4272240
28332360	864	867	LdT	T114,T121	C1453933
28332360	870	878	switched	T058	C2936279
28332360	892	909	treatment success	T080	C0679864
28332360	911	922	Virological	T169	C0205466
28332360	923	930	rebound	T033	C0549262
28332360	923	930	rebound	T033	C0549262
28332360	968	977	switching	T058	C2936279
28332360	981	984	LdT	T114,T121	C1453933
28332360	986	999	HBV DNA level	T059	C4272240
28332360	1025	1032	rebound	T033	C0549262
28332360	1043	1051	subjects	T098	C0080105
28332360	1057	1068	virological	T169	C0205466
28332360	1069	1076	rebound	T033	C0549262
28332360	1090	1104	drug-resistant	T038	C0013203
28332360	1105	1113	mutation	T045	C0596611
28332360	1125	1133	mutation	T045	C0596611
28332360	1134	1141	rtM204I	T028	C1335440
28332360	1155	1163	mutation	T045	C0596611
28332360	1164	1171	rtM204V	T028	C1335440
28332360	1185	1194	treatment	T061	C0087111
28332360	1201	1204	ETV	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	1217	1220	LdT	T114,T121	C1453933
28332360	1228	1239	virological	T169	C0205466
28332360	1240	1247	rebound	T033	C0549262
28332360	1260	1268	subjects	T098	C0080105
28332360	1288	1297	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28332360	1299	1306	HBV DNA	T059	C4272240
28332360	1307	1317	negativity	T033	C1513916
28332360	1333	1336	ETV	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	1337	1344	therapy	T061	C0087111
28332360	1370	1378	patients	T101	C0030705
28332360	1383	1391	switched	T058	C2936279
28332360	1395	1398	LdT	T114,T121	C1453933
28332360	1412	1421	treatment	T061	C0087111
28332360	1428	1431	ETV	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	1444	1454	lamivudine	T114,T121	C0209738
28332360	1459	1470	ineffective	T078	C3242229
28332360	1475	1483	treating	T061	C0087111
28332360	1484	1503	chronic hepatitis B	T047	C0524909
28332360	1505	1508	LdT	T114,T121	C1453933
28332360	1536	1551	antiviral agent	T121	C0003451
28332360	1557	1567	lamivudine	T114,T121	C0209738
28332360	1617	1626	long-term	T079	C0443252
28332360	1627	1646	prospective reviews	T062	C0033522
28332360	1654	1663	treatment	T061	C0087111
28332360	1675	1678	ETV	T114,T121	C0971023
28332360	1681	1684	LdT	T114,T121	C1453933
28332360	1685	1691	switch	T058	C2936279
28332360	1692	1699	therapy	T061	C0087111

28332476|t|New-onset hepatitis C virus -associated glomerulonephritis following sustained virologic response with direct-acting antiviral therapy
28332476|a|Glomerulonephritis (GN) is an important extra-hepatic manifestation of infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). HCV -associated GN occurs due to HCV -induced lymphoproliferation, leading to the generation of pathogenic immune complexes, including complexes containing cryoglobulins. The management of HCV -associated extra-hepatic disease is focused on viral eradication, with direct-acting antiviral agents leading to high rates of sustained virologic remission. There have been a few reports of relapsing cryoglobulinemic vasculitis after sustained virologic remission was achieved with interferon-based therapies. This report presents two cases of new-onset HCV -associated GN that occurred after sustained virologic response was achieved with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy.
28332476	10	27	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
28332476	40	58	glomerulonephritis	T047	C0017658
28332476	79	97	virologic response	T033	C4053862
28332476	103	134	direct-acting antiviral therapy	T061	C0280274
28332476	135	153	Glomerulonephritis	T047	C0017658
28332476	155	157	GN	T047	C0017658
28332476	175	188	extra-hepatic	T082	C1517058
28332476	206	215	infection	T046	C3714514
28332476	221	238	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
28332476	240	243	HCV	T005	C0220847
28332476	246	249	HCV	T005	C0220847
28332476	262	264	GN	T047	C0017658
28332476	279	282	HCV	T005	C0220847
28332476	292	311	lymphoproliferation	T033	C4014164
28332476	342	369	pathogenic immune complexes	T047	C0020951
28332476	402	415	cryoglobulins	T116,T129	C0010404
28332476	435	438	HCV	T005	C0220847
28332476	451	464	extra-hepatic	T082	C1517058
28332476	465	472	disease	T047	C0012634
28332476	487	492	viral	T005	C0042776
28332476	493	504	eradication	T058	C3178994
28332476	511	541	direct-acting antiviral agents	T121	C3653501
28332476	577	596	virologic remission	T033	C0544452
28332476	641	668	cryoglobulinemic vasculitis	T047	C0340992
28332476	685	704	virologic remission	T033	C0544452
28332476	723	749	interferon-based therapies	T061	C0279030
28332476	795	798	HCV	T005	C0220847
28332476	811	813	GN	T047	C0017658
28332476	844	862	virologic response	T033	C4053862
28332476	881	918	direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy	T061	C0280274

28332608|t|Nutrient -cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil may control forest structure and dynamics in poor Amazonian soils
28332608|a|Tropical forests store large amounts of biomass despite they generally grow in nutrient -poor soils, suggesting that the role of soil characteristics in the structure and dynamics of tropical forests is complex. We used data for >34 000 trees from several permanent plots in French Guiana to investigate if soil characteristics could predict the structure (tree diameter, density and aboveground biomass), and dynamics (growth, mortality, aboveground wood productivity) of nutrient -poor tropical forests. Most variables did not covary with site-level changes in soil nutrient content, indicating that nutrient -cycling mechanisms other than the direct absorption from soil (e.g. the nutrient uptake from litter, the resorption, or the storage of nutrients in the biomass), may strongly control forest structure and dynamics. Ecosystem -level adaptations to low soil nutrient availability and long-term low levels of disturbance may help to account for the lower productivity and higher accumulation of biomass in nutrient -poor forests compared to nutrient -richer forests.
28332608	0	8	Nutrient	T077	C2347375
28332608	44	50	direct	T080	C1947931
28332608	51	61	absorption	T070	C0000854
28332608	67	71	soil	T167	C0037592
28332608	84	90	forest	T070	C0086312
28332608	122	131	Amazonian	T083	C0017446
28332608	132	137	soils	T167	C0037592
28332608	138	154	Tropical forests	T070	C0086312
28332608	178	185	biomass	T081	C0005535
28332608	217	225	nutrient	T077	C2347375
28332608	232	237	soils	T167	C0037592
28332608	267	271	soil	T167	C0037592
28332608	321	337	tropical forests	T070	C0086312
28332608	413	426	French Guiana	T083	C0016703
28332608	445	449	soil	T167	C0037592
28332608	495	508	tree diameter	T002	C2713306
28332608	522	541	aboveground biomass	T081	C0005535
28332608	558	564	growth	T040	C0597252
28332608	577	593	aboveground wood	T167	C0043217
28332608	611	619	nutrient	T077	C2347375
28332608	626	642	tropical forests	T070	C0086312
28332608	701	705	soil	T167	C0037592
28332608	706	714	nutrient	T077	C2347375
28332608	740	748	nutrient	T077	C2347375
28332608	784	790	direct	T080	C1947931
28332608	791	801	absorption	T070	C0000854
28332608	807	811	soil	T167	C0037592
28332608	822	830	nutrient	T077	C2347375
28332608	831	837	uptake	T039	C0243144
28332608	855	865	resorption	T040	C2985494
28332608	874	881	storage	T070	C3179137
28332608	885	894	nutrients	T077	C2347375
28332608	902	909	biomass	T081	C0005535
28332608	933	939	forest	T070	C0086312
28332608	964	973	Ecosystem	T070	C0162358
28332608	981	992	adaptations	T070	C3826789
28332608	1000	1004	soil	T167	C0037592
28332608	1005	1013	nutrient	T077	C2347375
28332608	1125	1137	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28332608	1141	1148	biomass	T081	C0005535
28332608	1152	1160	nutrient	T077	C2347375
28332608	1167	1174	forests	T070	C0086312
28332608	1187	1195	nutrient	T077	C2347375
28332608	1204	1211	forests	T070	C0086312

28332776|t|Interferon gamma and interleukin 10 polymorphisms in Chinese children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
28332776|a|The aim of the study is to investigate the association of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with the susceptibility of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in Chinese children without known family history of HLH. Forty children with HLH and 160 age - and gender -matched healthy controls from Xuzhou Children's Hospital were enrolled in the study. Serum IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were measured by enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay. Polymorphisms of the IFN-γ gene at position +874 and +2109, and IL-10 at position -1082 were analyzed by allele - specific PCR. Median serum concentrations of IFN -γ and IL-10 were significantly higher in children with HLH compared to healthy controls. The frequencies of IFN-γ +874 T/A and T/T genotypes, as well as T allele, were significantly higher in the HLH group compared with those in the control group. The frequencies of IL-10 -1082 G/A genotype and G allele were significantly increased in HLH patients compared with healthy controls. No significant difference was found in the distribution of IFN-γ +2109 G/A genotypes between children with HLH and controls. This study presents preliminary evidence for the association between IFN +874 T/A, T/T, IL-10 -1082 A/G genotypes, and HLH susceptibility in Chinese children with HLH.
28332776	0	16	Interferon gamma	T028	C1334085
28332776	21	35	interleukin 10	T028	C1334098
28332776	36	49	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28332776	53	60	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28332776	61	69	children	T100	C0008059
28332776	75	109	hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis	T047	C0024291
28332776	125	130	study	T062	C2603343
28332776	137	148	investigate	T169	C1292732
28332776	168	184	interferon gamma	T028	C1334085
28332776	186	191	IFN-γ	T028	C1334085
28332776	197	211	interleukin-10	T028	C1334098
28332776	213	218	IL-10	T028	C1334098
28332776	220	224	gene	T028	C0017337
28332776	225	256	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28332776	266	280	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28332776	284	318	hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis	T047	C0024291
28332776	320	323	HLH	T047	C0024291
28332776	328	335	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28332776	336	344	children	T100	C0008059
28332776	345	376	without known family history of	T033	C0332123
28332776	377	380	HLH	T047	C0024291
28332776	388	396	children	T100	C0008059
28332776	402	405	HLH	T047	C0024291
28332776	414	417	age	T032	C0001779
28332776	424	430	gender	T032	C0079399
28332776	440	456	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28332776	462	488	Xuzhou Children's Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28332776	510	515	study	T062	C2603343
28332776	517	522	Serum	T031	C0229671
28332776	523	528	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28332776	533	538	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28332776	551	559	measured	T080	C0444706
28332776	563	596	enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28332776	598	611	Polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28332776	619	629	IFN-γ gene	T028	C1334085
28332776	662	667	IL-10	T028	C1334098
28332776	691	699	analyzed	T033	C2963401
28332776	703	709	allele	T028	C0002085
28332776	712	720	specific	T080	C0205369
28332776	721	724	PCR	T063	C0032520
28332776	726	738	Median serum	T031	C0229671
28332776	739	753	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28332776	757	763	IFN -γ	T116,T121,T129	C3539881
28332776	768	773	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28332776	779	799	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28332776	803	811	children	T100	C0008059
28332776	817	820	HLH	T047	C0024291
28332776	821	829	compared	T052	C1707455
28332776	833	849	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28332776	855	866	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28332776	870	875	IFN-γ	T028	C1334085
28332776	881	902	T/A and T/T genotypes	T032	C0017431
28332776	915	923	T allele	T028	C0002085
28332776	930	950	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28332776	958	961	HLH	T047	C0024291
28332776	968	976	compared	T052	C1707455
28332776	995	1008	control group	T096	C0009932
28332776	1014	1025	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28332776	1029	1034	IL-10	T028	C1334098
28332776	1041	1053	G/A genotype	T032	C0017431
28332776	1058	1066	G allele	T028	C0002085
28332776	1072	1095	significantly increased	T081	C4055637
28332776	1099	1102	HLH	T047	C0024291
28332776	1103	1111	patients	T101	C0030705
28332776	1112	1120	compared	T052	C1707455
28332776	1126	1142	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28332776	1144	1158	No significant	T033	C1273937
28332776	1159	1169	difference	T033	C3842396
28332776	1187	1199	distribution	T169	C1704711
28332776	1203	1208	IFN-γ	T028	C1334085
28332776	1215	1228	G/A genotypes	T032	C0017431
28332776	1237	1245	children	T100	C0008059
28332776	1251	1254	HLH	T047	C0024291
28332776	1259	1267	controls	T080	C0243148
28332776	1274	1279	study	T062	C2603343
28332776	1280	1288	presents	T033	C0150312
28332776	1289	1300	preliminary	T079	C0439611
28332776	1301	1309	evidence	T078	C3887511
28332776	1338	1341	IFN	T028	C1334085
28332776	1347	1355	T/A, T/T	T032	C0017431
28332776	1357	1362	IL-10	T028	C1334098
28332776	1369	1382	A/G genotypes	T032	C0017431
28332776	1388	1391	HLH	T047	C0024291
28332776	1392	1406	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28332776	1410	1417	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28332776	1418	1426	children	T100	C0008059
28332776	1432	1435	HLH	T047	C0024291

28333018|t|Nationwide, Multicenter, Retrospective Study on High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy as Monotherapy for Prostate Cancer
28333018|a|To present, analyze, and discuss results of a nationwide, multicenter, retrospective study on high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) as monotherapy for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk prostate cancer. From 1995 through 2013, 524 patients, 73 (14%) with low-risk, 207 (40%) with intermediate-risk, and 244 (47%) with high-risk prostate cancer, were treated with HDR-BT as monotherapy at 5 institutions in Japan. Dose fractionations were 27 Gy/2 fractions for 69 patients (13%), 45.5 Gy/7 fractions for 168 (32%), 49 Gy/7 fractions for 149 (28%), 54 Gy/9 fractions for 130 (25%), and others for 8 (2%). Of these patients, 156 (30%) did not receive androgen deprivation therapy, and 202 patients (39%) did receive androgen deprivation therapy <1 year, 112 (21%) for 1-3 years, and 54 (10%) for >3 years. Median follow-up time was 5.9 years (range, 0.4-18.1 years), with a minimum of 2 years for surviving patients. After 5 years, respective actuarial rates of no biochemical evidence of disease, overall survival, cause -specific survival, and metastasis - free survival for all patients were 92%, 97%, 99%, and 94%. For low / intermediate / high-risk patients, the 5- year no biochemical evidence of disease rates were 95%/94%/89%, the 5- year overall survival rates were 98%/98%/94%, the 5- year cause -specific survival rates were 98%/100%/98%, and the 5- year metastasis - free survival rates were 98%/95%/90%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of late grade 2 to 3 genitourinary toxicity at 5 years was 19%, and that of late grade 3 was 1%. The corresponding incidences of gastrointestinal toxicity were 3% and 0% (0.2%). No grade 4 or 5 of either type of toxicity was detected. The findings of this nationwide, multicenter, retrospective study demonstrate that HDR-BT as monotherapy was safe and effective for all patients with low-, intermediate-, and high-risk prostate cancer.
28333018	0	10	Nationwide	T082	C1254362
28333018	12	23	Multicenter	T062	C1096776
28333018	25	44	Retrospective Study	T062	C0035363
28333018	48	76	High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy	T061	C0454270
28333018	80	91	Monotherapy	T061	C0087111
28333018	96	111	Prostate Cancer	T191	C0376358
28333018	124	131	analyze	T169	C1524024
28333018	158	168	nationwide	T082	C1254362
28333018	170	181	multicenter	T062	C1096776
28333018	183	202	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28333018	206	234	high-dose-rate brachytherapy	T061	C0454270
28333018	236	242	HDR-BT	T061	C0454270
28333018	247	258	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
28333018	263	267	low-	T081	C3538919
28333018	269	282	intermediate-	T033	C3640764
28333018	288	297	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28333018	298	313	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28333018	343	351	patients	T101	C0030705
28333018	367	375	low-risk	T081	C3538919
28333018	392	409	intermediate-risk	T033	C3640764
28333018	430	439	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28333018	440	455	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28333018	462	469	treated	T169	C1522326
28333018	475	481	HDR-BT	T061	C0454270
28333018	485	496	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
28333018	502	514	institutions	T078	C1272753
28333018	518	523	Japan	T083	C0022341
28333018	525	544	Dose fractionations	T061	C0524811
28333018	558	567	fractions	T081	C1264633
28333018	575	583	patients	T101	C0030705
28333018	601	610	fractions	T081	C1264633
28333018	634	643	fractions	T081	C1264633
28333018	667	676	fractions	T081	C1264633
28333018	724	732	patients	T101	C0030705
28333018	752	759	receive	T080	C1514756
28333018	760	788	androgen deprivation therapy	T061	C0279492
28333018	798	806	patients	T101	C0030705
28333018	817	824	receive	T080	C1514756
28333018	825	853	androgen deprivation therapy	T061	C0279492
28333018	857	861	year	T079	C0439234
28333018	881	886	years	T079	C0439234
28333018	908	913	years	T079	C0439234
28333018	915	931	Median follow-up	T058	C1522577
28333018	932	936	time	T079	C0040223
28333018	945	950	years	T079	C0439234
28333018	968	973	years	T079	C0439234
28333018	996	1001	years	T079	C0439234
28333018	1006	1024	surviving patients	T101	C0030705
28333018	1034	1039	years	T079	C0439234
28333018	1052	1067	actuarial rates	T081	C1521828
28333018	1071	1073	no	T033	C1513916
28333018	1074	1085	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28333018	1086	1094	evidence	T078	C3887511
28333018	1098	1105	disease	T047	C0012634
28333018	1107	1114	overall	T080	C1561607
28333018	1115	1123	survival	T169	C0220921
28333018	1125	1130	cause	T169	C0015127
28333018	1141	1149	survival	T169	C0220921
28333018	1155	1165	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28333018	1168	1172	free	T169	C0332296
28333018	1173	1181	survival	T169	C0220921
28333018	1190	1198	patients	T101	C0030705
28333018	1232	1235	low	T081	C3538919
28333018	1238	1250	intermediate	T033	C3640764
28333018	1253	1262	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28333018	1263	1271	patients	T101	C0030705
28333018	1280	1284	year	T079	C0439234
28333018	1285	1287	no	T033	C1513916
28333018	1288	1299	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28333018	1300	1308	evidence	T078	C3887511
28333018	1312	1325	disease rates	T081	C0026538
28333018	1351	1355	year	T079	C0439234
28333018	1356	1363	overall	T080	C1561607
28333018	1364	1378	survival rates	T081	C0038954
28333018	1404	1408	year	T079	C0439234
28333018	1409	1414	cause	T169	C0015127
28333018	1425	1439	survival rates	T081	C0038954
28333018	1470	1474	year	T079	C0439234
28333018	1475	1485	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28333018	1488	1492	free	T169	C0332296
28333018	1493	1507	survival rates	T081	C0038954
28333018	1544	1554	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28333018	1555	1564	incidence	T081	C0021149
28333018	1568	1572	late	T079	C0205087
28333018	1573	1578	grade	T185	C0441800
28333018	1586	1599	genitourinary	T029	C3887515
28333018	1600	1608	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28333018	1614	1619	years	T079	C0439234
28333018	1641	1645	late	T079	C0205087
28333018	1646	1651	grade	T185	C0441800
28333018	1680	1690	incidences	T081	C0021149
28333018	1694	1710	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
28333018	1711	1719	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28333018	1743	1745	No	T033	C1513916
28333018	1746	1751	grade	T185	C0441800
28333018	1769	1773	type	T080	C0332307
28333018	1777	1785	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28333018	1790	1798	detected	T033	C0442726
28333018	1804	1812	findings	T169	C2607943
28333018	1821	1831	nationwide	T082	C1254362
28333018	1833	1844	multicenter	T062	C1096776
28333018	1846	1865	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28333018	1883	1889	HDR-BT	T061	C0454270
28333018	1893	1904	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
28333018	1936	1944	patients	T101	C0030705
28333018	1950	1954	low-	T081	C3538919
28333018	1956	1969	intermediate-	T033	C3640764
28333018	1975	1984	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28333018	1985	2000	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358

28333189|t|Fully automated disc diffusion for rapid antibiotic susceptibility test results: a proof-of-principle study
28333189|a|Antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to patients suffering from infectious diseases. Early readings of antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) results could be of critical importance to ensure adequate treatment. Disc diffusion is a well-standardized, established and cost - efficient AST procedure; however, its use in the clinical laboratory is hampered by the many manual steps involved, and an incubation time of 16-18 h, which is required to achieve reliable test results. We have evaluated a fully automated system for its potential for early reading of disc diffusion diameters after 6-12 h of incubation. We assessed availability of results, methodological precision, categorical agreement and interpretation errors as compared with an 18 h standard. In total, 1028 clinical strains (291 Escherichia coli, 272 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 176 Staphylococcus aureus and 289 Staphylococcus epidermidis) were included in this study. Disc diffusion plates were streaked, incubated and imaged using the WASPLab TM automation system. Our results demonstrate that: (i) early AST reading is possible for important pathogens; (ii) methodological precision is not hampered at early timepoints; and (iii) species - specific reading times must be selected. As inhibition zone diameters change over time and are phenotype / drug combination dependent, specific cut-offs and expert rules will be essential to ensure reliable interpretation and reporting of early susceptibility testing results.
28333189	0	5	Fully	T080	C0205197
28333189	6	15	automated	T169	C0205554
28333189	16	30	disc diffusion	T059	C0201180
28333189	35	40	rapid	T080	C0456962
28333189	41	71	antibiotic susceptibility test	T059	C0201179
28333189	72	79	results	T034	C0456984
28333189	108	129	Antibiotic resistance	T032	C0949285
28333189	138	149	significant	T078	C0750502
28333189	150	156	threat	T078	C0749385
28333189	160	168	patients	T101	C0030705
28333189	169	178	suffering	T184	C0751408
28333189	184	203	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
28333189	205	210	Early	T079	C1279919
28333189	223	253	antibiotic susceptibility test	T059	C0201179
28333189	255	258	AST	T059	C0201179
28333189	260	267	results	T034	C0456984
28333189	280	288	critical	T080	C1511545
28333189	289	299	importance	T080	C3898777
28333189	310	318	adequate	T080	C0205411
28333189	319	328	treatment	T061	C0087111
28333189	330	344	Disc diffusion	T059	C0201180
28333189	350	367	well-standardized	T080	C0205556
28333189	369	380	established	T080	C0443211
28333189	385	389	cost	T081	C0010186
28333189	392	401	efficient	T080	C0442799
28333189	402	415	AST procedure	T059	C0201179
28333189	441	449	clinical	T080	C0205210
28333189	450	460	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28333189	485	491	manual	T169	C0175674
28333189	492	497	steps	T077	C1261552
28333189	515	530	incubation time	T033	C1320226
28333189	572	580	reliable	T080	C0205556
28333189	581	593	test results	T034	C0456984
28333189	603	612	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28333189	615	620	fully	T080	C0205197
28333189	621	630	automated	T169	C0205554
28333189	631	637	system	T169	C0449913
28333189	646	655	potential	T080	C3245505
28333189	660	665	early	T079	C1279919
28333189	666	673	reading	T034	C0587081
28333189	677	691	disc diffusion	T059	C0201180
28333189	692	701	diameters	T081	C1301886
28333189	718	728	incubation	T059	C1439852
28333189	733	741	assessed	T052	C1516048
28333189	742	757	availability of	T169	C0470187
28333189	758	765	results	T034	C0456984
28333189	767	791	methodological precision	T080	C1706245
28333189	819	833	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28333189	834	840	errors	T080	C0743559
28333189	844	852	compared	T052	C1707455
28333189	866	874	standard	T081	C0034925
28333189	891	899	clinical	T080	C0205210
28333189	900	907	strains	T001	C1518614
28333189	913	929	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28333189	935	956	Klebsiella pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28333189	962	983	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28333189	992	1018	Staphylococcus epidermidis	T007	C0038174
28333189	1049	1063	Disc diffusion	T059	C0201180
28333189	1064	1070	plates	T074	C0180454
28333189	1076	1084	streaked	T078	C2348542
28333189	1086	1095	incubated	T059	C1439852
28333189	1117	1145	WASPLab TM automation system	T170	C3203941
28333189	1151	1158	results	T034	C0456984
28333189	1181	1186	early	T079	C1279919
28333189	1187	1190	AST	T059	C0201179
28333189	1191	1198	reading	T034	C0587081
28333189	1215	1224	important	T080	C3898777
28333189	1225	1234	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28333189	1241	1265	methodological precision	T080	C1706245
28333189	1285	1290	early	T079	C1279919
28333189	1291	1301	timepoints	T079	C2348792
28333189	1313	1320	species	T185	C1705920
28333189	1323	1331	specific	T080	C0205369
28333189	1332	1339	reading	T034	C0587081
28333189	1340	1345	times	T079	C0040223
28333189	1367	1377	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28333189	1378	1382	zone	T082	C1710706
28333189	1383	1392	diameters	T081	C1301886
28333189	1393	1399	change	T169	C0392747
28333189	1418	1427	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28333189	1430	1446	drug combination	T121	C0013162
28333189	1458	1466	specific	T080	C0205369
28333189	1501	1510	essential	T080	C0205224
28333189	1521	1529	reliable	T080	C0205556
28333189	1530	1544	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28333189	1549	1558	reporting	T058	C0700287
28333189	1562	1567	early	T079	C1279919
28333189	1568	1598	susceptibility testing results	T034	C0456984

28333697|t|Medication Reconciliation During Hospitalization and in Hospital-Home Interface: An Observational Retrospective Study
28333697|a|Medication errors are one of the leading causes of patient harms. Medication reconciliation is a fundamental process that to be effective, it should be embraced during each single care transition. Our objectives were to investigate current medication reconciliation practices in the 2 Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio hospitals and comprehensively assess the quality of medication reconciliation practices between inpatient and outpatient care by analyzing the medication patterns 6 months before admission, during hospitalization, and 9 months after discharge for a selected group of patients with cardiovascular diseases. A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Cardiothoracic Department of the Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio hospitals. Medication history was reviewed for all the patients admitted from and discharged to the community, from January to March 2013. Patients were excluded if they had less than 4 drugs or less than 2 drugs for cardiovascular system in their prescription list at admission or if they died during follow-up. We selected 714 patients, and we obtained the clinical charts and all drug prescriptions collected during patients ' hospitalization by the electronic clinical recording system. We also analyzed the list of prescriptions of this sample of patients, from 6 months before admission to 9 months after discharge, extracted from the regional prescription registry. In the resulting sample, prescriptions were analyzed to assess unintentional discrepancies. The study included 298 patients (mean age, 71.2 years), according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among 14,573 prescriptions analyzed, we found 4363 discrepancies (14.6 discrepancies per patient). Among these discrepancies, 1310 were classified as unintentional (4.4 discrepancies per patient). Among unintentional discrepancies, only 63 (4.8%) took place during hospitalization. Although at the hospital-home interface, 33.1% of unintentional discrepancies were detected through the comparison between the patients ' declared therapy and the previous medication consumption and 62.1% were identified in the comparison between the prescription at the discharge and the following medication pattern at home. Medication errors have important implications for patient safety, and their identification is a main target for improving clinical practice. The comparison between the medication patterns acquired through the regional prescription registry before and after hospitalization outlined critical touchpoint in the current medication reconciliation process, calling for the definition of shared medication reconciliation standards between hospitals and primary care services to minimize medication discrepancies and enhance patient safety.
28333697	0	25	Medication Reconciliation	T058	C2317067
28333697	33	48	Hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28333697	56	79	Hospital-Home Interface	T058	C1254363
28333697	84	117	Observational Retrospective Study	T062	C0035363
28333697	118	135	Medication errors	T080	C0025115
28333697	169	182	patient harms	T080	C3658342
28333697	184	209	Medication reconciliation	T058	C2317067
28333697	298	313	care transition	T058	C4019071
28333697	338	349	investigate	T169	C1292732
28333697	358	383	medication reconciliation	T058	C2317067
28333697	403	451	Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28333697	472	490	assess the quality	T080	C0332306
28333697	494	519	medication reconciliation	T058	C2317067
28333697	538	547	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28333697	552	562	outpatient	T101	C0029921
28333697	563	567	care	T052	C1947933
28333697	571	580	analyzing	T062	C0936012
28333697	585	604	medication patterns	T058	C1254363
28333697	607	613	months	T079	C0439231
28333697	621	630	admission	T058	C0184666
28333697	639	654	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28333697	662	668	months	T079	C0439231
28333697	675	684	discharge	T058	C0030685
28333697	709	717	patients	T101	C0030705
28333697	723	746	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28333697	750	783	retrospective observational study	T062	C0035363
28333697	805	830	Cardiothoracic Department	T093	C0587505
28333697	838	886	Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28333697	888	906	Medication history	T170	C1553893
28333697	911	919	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28333697	932	940	patients	T101	C0030705
28333697	941	949	admitted	T058	C0184666
28333697	959	969	discharged	T058	C0030685
28333697	977	986	community	T096	C0009462
28333697	1016	1024	Patients	T101	C0030705
28333697	1063	1068	drugs	T061	C3687832
28333697	1084	1089	drugs	T061	C3687832
28333697	1094	1115	cardiovascular system	T022	C0007226
28333697	1125	1142	prescription list	T170	C3533331
28333697	1146	1155	admission	T058	C0184666
28333697	1167	1171	died	T033	C4264514
28333697	1179	1188	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28333697	1206	1214	patients	T101	C0030705
28333697	1236	1251	clinical charts	T170	C0025102
28333697	1260	1278	drug prescriptions	T170	C0033081
28333697	1296	1304	patients	T101	C0030705
28333697	1307	1322	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28333697	1330	1366	electronic clinical recording system	T170	C1737029
28333697	1376	1384	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28333697	1389	1410	list of prescriptions	T170	C3533331
28333697	1429	1437	patients	T101	C0030705
28333697	1446	1452	months	T079	C0439231
28333697	1460	1469	admission	T058	C0184666
28333697	1475	1481	months	T079	C0439231
28333697	1488	1497	discharge	T058	C0030685
28333697	1518	1548	regional prescription registry	T170	C0282574
28333697	1575	1588	prescriptions	T170	C0033081
28333697	1594	1602	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28333697	1613	1626	unintentional	T169	C1283932
28333697	1627	1640	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28333697	1646	1651	study	T062	C2603343
28333697	1665	1673	patients	T101	C0030705
28333697	1680	1683	age	T032	C0001779
28333697	1690	1695	years	T079	C0439234
28333697	1715	1747	inclusion and exclusion criteria	T078	C0243161
28333697	1762	1775	prescriptions	T170	C0033081
28333697	1776	1784	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28333697	1800	1813	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28333697	1820	1833	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28333697	1838	1845	patient	T101	C0030705
28333697	1860	1873	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28333697	1899	1912	unintentional	T169	C1283932
28333697	1918	1931	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28333697	1936	1943	patient	T101	C0030705
28333697	1952	1965	unintentional	T169	C1283932
28333697	1966	1979	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28333697	2014	2029	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28333697	2047	2070	hospital-home interface	T058	C1254363
28333697	2081	2094	unintentional	T169	C1283932
28333697	2095	2108	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28333697	2135	2145	comparison	T052	C1707455
28333697	2158	2166	patients	T101	C0030705
28333697	2178	2185	therapy	T169	C0039798
28333697	2203	2225	medication consumption	T058	C1254363
28333697	2259	2269	comparison	T052	C1707455
28333697	2282	2294	prescription	T170	C0033081
28333697	2302	2311	discharge	T058	C0030685
28333697	2330	2348	medication pattern	T058	C1254363
28333697	2352	2356	home	T082	C0442519
28333697	2358	2375	Medication errors	T080	C0025115
28333697	2408	2422	patient safety	T058	C1113679
28333697	2480	2497	clinical practice	T058	C1254363
28333697	2503	2513	comparison	T052	C1707455
28333697	2526	2545	medication patterns	T058	C1254363
28333697	2567	2597	regional prescription registry	T170	C0282574
28333697	2615	2630	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28333697	2675	2700	medication reconciliation	T058	C2317067
28333697	2747	2772	medication reconciliation	T058	C2317067
28333697	2791	2800	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28333697	2805	2826	primary care services	T058	C0018747
28333697	2839	2863	medication discrepancies	T080	C0025115
28333697	2876	2890	patient safety	T058	C1113679

28333794|t|Route of Delivery in Women With Stillbirth: Results From the Stillbirth Collaborative Research Network
28333794|a|To describe delivery management of singleton stillbirths in a population-based, multicenter case series. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 611 women with singleton stillbirths at 20 weeks of gestation or greater from March 2006 to September 2008. Medical and delivery information was abstracted from medical records. Both antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths were included; these were analyzed both together and separately. The primary outcome was mode of delivery. Secondary outcomes included induction of labor and indications for cesarean delivery. Indications for cesarean delivery were classified as obstetric (abnormal fetal heart tracing before intrapartum demise, abruption, coagulopathy, uterine rupture, placenta previa, or labor dystocia) or nonobstetric (patient request, repeat cesarean delivery, or not documented). Of the 611 total cases of stillbirth, 93 (15.2%) underwent cesarean delivery, including 43.0% (46/107) of women with prior cesarean delivery and 9.3% (47/504) of women without prior cesarean delivery. No documented obstetric indication was evident for 38.3% (18/47) of primary and 78.3% (36/46) of repeat cesarean deliveries. Labor induction resulted in vaginal delivery for 98.5% (321/326) of women without prior cesarean delivery and 91.1% (41/45) of women with a history of prior cesarean delivery, including two women who had uterine rupture. Among women with a history of prior cesarean delivery who had spontaneous labor, 74.1% (20/27) delivered vaginally, with no cases of uterine rupture. Women with stillbirth usually delivered vaginally regardless of whether labor was spontaneous or induced or whether they had a prior cesarean delivery. However, 15% underwent cesarean delivery, often without a documented obstetric indication.
28333794	0	17	Route of Delivery	T033	C3656414
28333794	21	26	Women	T098	C0043210
28333794	32	42	Stillbirth	T033	C0595939
28333794	44	51	Results	T169	C1274040
28333794	115	134	delivery management	T058	C1443523
28333794	138	159	singleton stillbirths	T033	C0595939
28333794	165	206	population-based, multicenter case series	T062	C0150093
28333794	223	236	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28333794	237	249	chart review	UnknownType	C0553620
28333794	257	262	women	T098	C0043210
28333794	268	289	singleton stillbirths	T033	C0595939
28333794	296	301	weeks	T079	C0439230
28333794	305	314	gestation	T040	C0032961
28333794	331	336	March	T079	C3829202
28333794	345	354	September	T079	C3828193
28333794	361	393	Medical and delivery information	T080	C0449440
28333794	414	429	medical records	T170	C0025102
28333794	436	446	antepartum	T033	C3831525
28333794	451	474	intrapartum stillbirths	T033	C3829512
28333794	501	509	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28333794	515	523	together	T080	C1883357
28333794	528	538	separately	T080	C0443299
28333794	544	559	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28333794	564	580	mode of delivery	T078	C1555567
28333794	582	600	Secondary outcomes	T080	C3274440
28333794	610	628	induction of labor	T061	C0259787
28333794	633	644	indications	T078	C0392360
28333794	649	666	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	668	679	Indications	T078	C0392360
28333794	684	701	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	721	730	obstetric	T061	C0011209
28333794	732	760	abnormal fetal heart tracing	T033	C0730018
28333794	768	779	intrapartum	T079	C0456337
28333794	780	786	demise	T046	C0015927
28333794	788	797	abruption	T046	C0000832
28333794	799	811	coagulopathy	T033	C4229995
28333794	813	828	uterine rupture	T046	C0042143
28333794	830	845	placenta previa	T046	C0032046
28333794	850	864	labor dystocia	T033	C0013418
28333794	869	881	nonobstetric	T058	C3515034
28333794	883	898	patient request	T169	C0332153
28333794	900	906	repeat	T169	C0205341
28333794	907	924	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	929	943	not documented	T033	C4068758
28333794	963	968	cases	T169	C0868928
28333794	972	982	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
28333794	1005	1022	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	1052	1057	women	T098	C0043210
28333794	1063	1068	prior	T079	C0332152
28333794	1069	1086	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	1108	1113	women	T098	C0043210
28333794	1122	1127	prior	T079	C0332152
28333794	1128	1145	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	1147	1160	No documented	T033	C4068758
28333794	1161	1170	obstetric	T061	C0011209
28333794	1171	1181	indication	T078	C0392360
28333794	1186	1193	evident	T078	C3887511
28333794	1215	1222	primary	T080	C0205225
28333794	1244	1250	repeat	T169	C0205341
28333794	1251	1270	cesarean deliveries	T061	C0007876
28333794	1272	1287	Labor induction	T061	C0200066
28333794	1288	1296	resulted	T169	C1274040
28333794	1300	1316	vaginal delivery	T033	C0566690
28333794	1340	1345	women	T098	C0043210
28333794	1354	1359	prior	T079	C0332152
28333794	1360	1377	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	1399	1404	women	T098	C0043210
28333794	1412	1419	history	T033	C0332119
28333794	1423	1428	prior	T079	C0332152
28333794	1429	1446	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	1462	1467	women	T098	C0043210
28333794	1476	1491	uterine rupture	T046	C0042143
28333794	1499	1504	women	T098	C0043210
28333794	1512	1519	history	T033	C0332119
28333794	1523	1528	prior	T079	C0332152
28333794	1529	1546	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	1555	1572	spontaneous labor	T040	C3827962
28333794	1588	1607	delivered vaginally	T033	C0566690
28333794	1617	1622	cases	T169	C0868928
28333794	1626	1641	uterine rupture	T046	C0042143
28333794	1643	1648	Women	T098	C0043210
28333794	1654	1664	stillbirth	T033	C0595939
28333794	1673	1692	delivered vaginally	T033	C0566690
28333794	1715	1736	labor was spontaneous	T040	C3827962
28333794	1740	1747	induced	T033	C0022875
28333794	1770	1775	prior	T079	C0332152
28333794	1776	1793	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	1818	1835	cesarean delivery	T061	C0007876
28333794	1843	1850	without	T080	C0332288
28333794	1853	1863	documented	T058	C1301725
28333794	1864	1873	obstetric	T061	C0011209
28333794	1874	1884	indication	T078	C0392360

28334327|t|Autologous vs Irradiated Homologous Costal Cartilage as Graft Material in Rhinoplasty
28334327|a|Studies comparing surgical results of rhinoplasty using autologous costal cartilage (ACC) and irradiated homologous costal cartilage (IHCC) are rare. To compare the clinical results of major augmentation rhinoplasty using ACC vs IHCC and analyze the histologic properties of both types of cartilage. A retrospective clinical study was conducted among patients who had undergone rhinoseptoplasty using ACC or IHCC from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2014. Patients were followed up for more than 1 year after surgery and the histologic characteristics of ACC and IHCC were compared. The details of the surgical procedures and complications, including warping, infection, resorption, and/or donor-site morbidity, were evaluated by reviewing medical records and facial photographs. Patients ' subjective satisfaction with aesthetic and functional results was evaluated using a questionnaire. The details of the surgical procedures and complications, including warping, infection, resorption, and/or donor-site morbidity; patients ' subjective satisfaction with aesthetic and functional results ' objective evaluation of surgical outcomes, including symmetry, dorsal height, dorsal length, dorsal width, tip projection, tip rotation, tip width, and overall result; and histologic structures. Objective evaluation of surgical outcomes was graded using the Objective Rhinoplasty Outcome Score, which assessed symmetry, dorsal height, dorsal length, dorsal width, tip projection, tip rotation, tip width, and overall result. Histologic structures were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, Alcian blue, and Verhoeff elastic stains. A total of 63 patients (27 males and 36 females; mean [SD] age, 30.6 [9.5] years) had rhinoseptoplasty using ACC and 20 (9 males and 11 females; mean [SD] age, 35.4 [15.4] years) had rhinoseptoplasty using IHCC. Among observed complications, only notable resorption occurred more frequently in patients using IHCC (6 [30%]) than with ACC (2 [3%]) (P = .002). In subjective evaluations of aesthetic satisfaction, patients who received ACC showed significantly greater satisfaction (37 of 51 patients [73%] were very satisfied) than did those who received IHCC (6 of 20 [30%]) (P = .001). However, there was no between-group difference in subjective functional outcomes: 4 of 51 patients receiving ACC (8%) and 5 of 20 receiving IHCC (25%) were satisfied (P = .50) and 45 of 51 receiving ACC (88%) and 15 of 20 receiving IHCC (75%) were very satisfied (P = .15). Regarding objective aesthetic outcomes, all scores for both ACC and IHCC were more than 3.1 (between good and excellent). Histologic analyses showed larger, more evenly distributed, uniform chondrocytes and more collagens and proteoglycan contents in ACC than in IHCC. Compared with patients receiving IHCC, those receiving ACC for rhinoseptoplasty showed superior aesthetic satisfaction; ACC also had less frequent notable resorption. Autologous costal cartilage also had better histologic properties than IHCC did, suggesting it as an ideal graft material with less chance of long-term resorption. 3.
28334327	0	10	Autologous	T122	C0181074
28334327	14	52	Irradiated Homologous Costal Cartilage	T122	C0181074
28334327	56	70	Graft Material	T122	C0181074
28334327	74	85	Rhinoplasty	T061	C0035467
28334327	124	135	rhinoplasty	T061	C0035467
28334327	142	169	autologous costal cartilage	T122	C0181074
28334327	171	174	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	180	218	irradiated homologous costal cartilage	T122	C0181074
28334327	220	224	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	251	267	clinical results	T034	C0456984
28334327	277	301	augmentation rhinoplasty	T061	C0176371
28334327	308	311	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	315	319	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	336	357	histologic properties	T169	C4048239
28334327	375	384	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28334327	388	416	retrospective clinical study	T062	C0008972
28334327	437	445	patients	T101	C0030705
28334327	464	480	rhinoseptoplasty	T061	C0189054
28334327	487	490	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	494	498	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	543	551	Patients	T101	C0030705
28334327	557	568	followed up	T058	C1522577
28334327	596	603	surgery	T061	C0543467
28334327	612	638	histologic characteristics	T169	C4048239
28334327	642	645	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	650	654	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	660	668	compared	T052	C1707455
28334327	689	708	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
28334327	713	726	complications	T033	C0221082
28334327	738	745	warping	T033	C0221082
28334327	747	756	infection	T046	C3714514
28334327	758	768	resorption	T040	C2985494
28334327	777	787	donor-site	T029	C1444716
28334327	788	797	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28334327	804	813	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28334327	827	842	medical records	T170	C0025102
28334327	847	865	facial photographs	T073	C0441468
28334327	867	875	Patients	T101	C0030705
28334327	878	888	subjective	T080	C0439655
28334327	889	901	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28334327	907	916	aesthetic	T055	C0870111
28334327	921	931	functional	T169	C0205245
28334327	932	939	results	T169	C1274040
28334327	944	953	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28334327	962	975	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28334327	996	1015	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
28334327	1020	1033	complications	T033	C0221082
28334327	1045	1052	warping	T033	C0221082
28334327	1054	1063	infection	T046	C3714514
28334327	1065	1075	resorption	T040	C2985494
28334327	1084	1094	donor-site	T029	C1444716
28334327	1095	1104	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28334327	1106	1114	patients	T101	C0030705
28334327	1117	1127	subjective	T080	C0439655
28334327	1128	1140	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28334327	1146	1155	aesthetic	T055	C0870111
28334327	1160	1170	functional	T169	C0205245
28334327	1171	1178	results	T169	C1274040
28334327	1181	1190	objective	T080	C1571702
28334327	1191	1201	evaluation	T058	C1261322
28334327	1205	1213	surgical	T061	C0543467
28334327	1214	1222	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28334327	1234	1242	symmetry	T067	C2825575
28334327	1244	1250	dorsal	T082	C0205095
28334327	1251	1257	height	T032	C0489786
28334327	1259	1265	dorsal	T082	C0205095
28334327	1266	1272	length	T081	C1444754
28334327	1274	1280	dorsal	T082	C0205095
28334327	1281	1286	width	T081	C0487742
28334327	1288	1302	tip projection	T033	C0243095
28334327	1304	1316	tip rotation	T033	C0243095
28334327	1318	1327	tip width	T033	C0243095
28334327	1333	1340	overall	T080	C1561607
28334327	1341	1347	result	T169	C1274040
28334327	1353	1363	histologic	T169	C0205462
28334327	1364	1374	structures	T082	C0678594
28334327	1376	1385	Objective	T080	C1571702
28334327	1386	1396	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28334327	1400	1408	surgical	T061	C0543467
28334327	1409	1417	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28334327	1439	1448	Objective	T080	C1571702
28334327	1449	1460	Rhinoplasty	T061	C0035467
28334327	1461	1474	Outcome Score	T033	C4274403
28334327	1491	1499	symmetry	T067	C2825575
28334327	1501	1507	dorsal	T082	C0205095
28334327	1508	1514	height	T032	C0489786
28334327	1516	1522	dorsal	T082	C0205095
28334327	1523	1529	length	T081	C1444754
28334327	1531	1537	dorsal	T082	C0205095
28334327	1538	1543	width	T081	C0487742
28334327	1545	1559	tip projection	T033	C0243095
28334327	1561	1573	tip rotation	T033	C0243095
28334327	1575	1584	tip width	T033	C0243095
28334327	1590	1597	overall	T080	C1561607
28334327	1598	1604	result	T169	C1274040
28334327	1606	1627	Histologic structures	T169	C4048239
28334327	1633	1642	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28334327	1649	1670	hematoxylin and eosin	T059	C0523207
28334327	1672	1688	Masson trichrome	T059	C1294297
28334327	1690	1701	Alcian blue	T059	C1293946
28334327	1707	1730	Verhoeff elastic stains	T059	C1294321
28334327	1746	1754	patients	T101	C0030705
28334327	1759	1764	males	T032	C0086582
28334327	1772	1779	females	T032	C0086287
28334327	1818	1834	rhinoseptoplasty	T061	C0189054
28334327	1841	1844	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	1855	1860	males	T032	C0086582
28334327	1868	1875	females	T032	C0086287
28334327	1915	1931	rhinoseptoplasty	T061	C0189054
28334327	1938	1942	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	1950	1958	observed	T169	C1441672
28334327	1959	1972	complications	T033	C0221082
28334327	1979	1986	notable	T080	C4288581
28334327	1987	1997	resorption	T040	C2985494
28334327	1998	2006	occurred	T052	C1709305
28334327	2012	2022	frequently	T079	C0332183
28334327	2026	2034	patients	T101	C0030705
28334327	2041	2045	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2066	2069	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2094	2104	subjective	T080	C0439655
28334327	2105	2116	evaluations	T058	C0220825
28334327	2120	2129	aesthetic	T055	C0870111
28334327	2130	2142	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28334327	2144	2152	patients	T101	C0030705
28334327	2157	2165	received	T080	C1514756
28334327	2166	2169	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2177	2190	significantly	T078	C0750502
28334327	2191	2198	greater	T081	C1704243
28334327	2199	2211	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28334327	2222	2230	patients	T101	C0030705
28334327	2242	2256	very satisfied	T033	C3840671
28334327	2277	2285	received	T080	C1514756
28334327	2286	2290	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2369	2379	subjective	T080	C0439655
28334327	2380	2390	functional	T169	C0205245
28334327	2391	2399	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28334327	2409	2417	patients	T101	C0030705
28334327	2418	2427	receiving	T080	C1514756
28334327	2428	2431	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2449	2458	receiving	T080	C1514756
28334327	2459	2463	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2475	2484	satisfied	T041	C0242428
28334327	2508	2517	receiving	T080	C1514756
28334327	2518	2521	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2541	2550	receiving	T080	C1514756
28334327	2551	2555	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2567	2581	very satisfied	T033	C3840671
28334327	2603	2612	objective	T080	C1571702
28334327	2613	2622	aesthetic	T055	C0870111
28334327	2623	2631	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28334327	2637	2643	scores	T081	C0449820
28334327	2653	2656	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2661	2665	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2694	2698	good	T080	C0205170
28334327	2703	2712	excellent	T080	C1961136
28334327	2715	2734	Histologic analyses	T059	C0344441
28334327	2742	2748	larger	T081	C0549177
28334327	2775	2782	uniform	T080	C0205375
28334327	2783	2795	chondrocytes	T025	C0225369
28334327	2805	2814	collagens	T116	C0009325
28334327	2819	2831	proteoglycan	T116,T123	C0033692
28334327	2832	2840	contents	T078	C1550605
28334327	2844	2847	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2856	2860	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2862	2870	Compared	T052	C1707455
28334327	2876	2884	patients	T101	C0030705
28334327	2885	2894	receiving	T080	C1514756
28334327	2895	2899	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2907	2916	receiving	T080	C1514756
28334327	2917	2920	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2925	2941	rhinoseptoplasty	T061	C0189054
28334327	2949	2957	superior	T080	C0205250
28334327	2958	2967	aesthetic	T055	C0870111
28334327	2968	2980	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28334327	2982	2985	ACC	T122	C0181074
28334327	2995	2999	less	T080	C0547044
28334327	3000	3008	frequent	T079	C0332183
28334327	3009	3016	notable	T080	C4288581
28334327	3017	3027	resorption	T040	C2985494
28334327	3029	3056	Autologous costal cartilage	T122	C0181074
28334327	3066	3072	better	T080	C0332272
28334327	3073	3094	histologic properties	T169	C4048239
28334327	3100	3104	IHCC	T122	C0181074
28334327	3130	3135	ideal	T080	C1512612
28334327	3136	3150	graft material	T122	C0181074
28334327	3156	3160	less	T080	C0547044
28334327	3161	3167	chance	T080	C0237506
28334327	3171	3180	long-term	T079	C0443252
28334327	3181	3191	resorption	T040	C2985494

28334564|t|Data -Driven Implementation of Alarm Reduction Interventions in a Cardiovascular Surgical ICU
28334564|a|Alarm fatigue in the ICU setting has been well documented in the literature. The ICU's high-intensity environment requires staff's vigilant attention, and distraction from false and non-actionable alarms pulls staff away from important tasks, creates dissatisfaction, and is a potential patient safety risk if alarms are missed or ignored. This project was intended to improve patient safety by optimizing alarm systems in a cardiovascular surgical intensive care unit (CVSICU). Specific aims were to examine nurses ' attitudes toward clinical alarm signals, assess nurses ' ability to discriminate audible alarm signals, and implement a bundled set of best practices for monitor alarm reduction without undermining patient safety. CVSICU nurses completed an alarm perception survey and participated in alarm discriminability testing. Nurse survey data and baseline monitor alarm data were used to select targeted alarm reduction interventions, which were progressively phased in. Monitor alarm data and cardiorespiratory event data were trended over one year. Five of the most frequent CVSICU monitor alarm types- pulse oximetry, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse oximetry sensor, and ventricular tachycardia > 2-were targeted. After implementation, there was a 61% reduction in average alarms per monitored bed and a downward trend in cardiorespiratory events. To reduce alarm fatigue it is important to decrease alarm burden through targeted interventions. Methods to reduce non-actionable alarms include adding short delays to allow alarm self-correction, adjusting default alarm threshold limits, providing alarm notification through a secondary device, and teaching staff to optimize alarm settings for individual patients.
28334564	0	4	Data	T078	C1511726
28334564	13	27	Implementation	T052	C1708476
28334564	31	36	Alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	37	46	Reduction	T080	C0392756
28334564	47	60	Interventions	T061	C0184661
28334564	66	93	Cardiovascular Surgical ICU	T073,T093	C0587446
28334564	94	107	Alarm fatigue	T033	C4035921
28334564	115	118	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28334564	119	126	setting	T082	C3176918
28334564	141	151	documented	T058	C1301725
28334564	159	169	literature	T170	C0023866
28334564	175	180	ICU's	T073,T093	C0021708
28334564	181	195	high-intensity	T185	C4081854
28334564	196	207	environment	T082	C0014406
28334564	217	224	staff's	T097	C0851286
28334564	225	233	vigilant	T041	C0043012
28334564	234	243	attention	T041	C0004268
28334564	249	260	distraction	T053	C4060717
28334564	266	271	false	T080	C0205237
28334564	291	297	alarms	T074	C0336648
28334564	304	309	staff	T097	C0851286
28334564	330	335	tasks	T057	C3540678
28334564	345	360	dissatisfaction	T041	C0870433
28334564	381	395	patient safety	T058	C1113679
28334564	396	400	risk	T078	C0035647
28334564	404	410	alarms	T074	C0336648
28334564	415	421	missed	T080	C1705492
28334564	425	432	ignored	T078	C1554079
28334564	471	485	patient safety	T058	C1113679
28334564	500	505	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	506	513	systems	T169	C0449913
28334564	519	562	cardiovascular surgical intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0587446
28334564	564	570	CVSICU	T073,T093	C0587446
28334564	595	602	examine	T033	C0332128
28334564	603	609	nurses	T097	C0028661
28334564	612	621	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28334564	629	637	clinical	T080	C0205210
28334564	638	643	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	644	651	signals	T067	C1710082
28334564	660	666	nurses	T097	C0028661
28334564	693	706	audible alarm	T073	C1706857
28334564	707	714	signals	T067	C1710082
28334564	720	729	implement	T052	C1708476
28334564	747	761	best practices	T078	C3179154
28334564	766	779	monitor alarm	T033	C2091666
28334564	780	789	reduction	T080	C0392756
28334564	810	824	patient safety	T058	C1113679
28334564	826	832	CVSICU	T073,T093	C0587446
28334564	833	839	nurses	T097	C0028661
28334564	853	858	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	859	876	perception survey	T170	C0038951
28334564	897	902	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	903	927	discriminability testing	T169	C0039593
28334564	929	946	Nurse survey data	T170	C2361339
28334564	951	959	baseline	T081	C1442488
28334564	968	973	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	974	978	data	T078	C1511726
28334564	999	1007	targeted	T169	C1521840
28334564	1008	1013	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	1014	1023	reduction	T080	C0392756
28334564	1024	1037	interventions	T061	C0184661
28334564	1083	1088	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	1089	1093	data	T078	C1511726
28334564	1098	1121	cardiorespiratory event	T033	C1320716
28334564	1122	1126	data	T078	C1511726
28334564	1149	1153	year	T079	C0439234
28334564	1181	1187	CVSICU	T073,T093	C0587446
28334564	1188	1201	monitor alarm	T033	C2091666
28334564	1209	1223	pulse oximetry	T060	C0034108
28334564	1225	1235	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28334564	1237	1245	systolic	T033	C0277882
28334564	1250	1274	diastolic blood pressure	T047	C0235222
28334564	1276	1290	pulse oximetry	T060	C0034108
28334564	1291	1297	sensor	T073	C0183210
28334564	1303	1326	ventricular tachycardia	T047	C0042514
28334564	1336	1344	targeted	T169	C1521840
28334564	1352	1366	implementation	T052	C1708476
28334564	1384	1393	reduction	T080	C0392756
28334564	1405	1411	alarms	T074	C0336648
28334564	1426	1429	bed	T073	C0004916
28334564	1454	1478	cardiorespiratory events	T033	C1320716
28334564	1483	1489	reduce	T080	C0392756
28334564	1490	1503	alarm fatigue	T033	C4035921
28334564	1523	1531	decrease	T081	C0547047
28334564	1532	1537	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	1538	1544	burden	T078	C2828008
28334564	1553	1561	targeted	T169	C1521840
28334564	1562	1575	interventions	T061	C0184661
28334564	1610	1616	alarms	T074	C0336648
28334564	1638	1644	delays	T079	C0205421
28334564	1654	1659	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	1660	1675	self-correction	T169	C1947976
28334564	1695	1700	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	1701	1710	threshold	T080	C0449864
28334564	1711	1717	limits	T169	C0439801
28334564	1729	1734	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	1735	1747	notification	T058	C0422202
28334564	1758	1774	secondary device	T074	C0025080
28334564	1780	1788	teaching	T065	C0220924
28334564	1789	1794	staff	T097	C0851286
28334564	1807	1812	alarm	T074	C0336648
28334564	1826	1836	individual	T098	C0237401
28334564	1837	1845	patients	T101	C0030705

28334615|t|The NCAM1 gene set is linked to depressive symptoms and their brain structural correlates in healthy individuals
28334615|a|Depressive symptoms exist on a continuum, the far end of which is found in depressive disorders. Utilizing the continuous spectrum of depressive symptoms may therefore contribute to the understanding of the biological underpinnings of depression. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) is an important tool for the identification of gene groups linked to complex traits, and was applied in the present study on genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of depression scores and their brain-level structural correlates in healthy young individuals. On symptom level (i.e. depression scores), robust enrichment was identified for two gene sets: NCAM1 Interactions and Collagen Formation. Depression scores were also associated with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) - a brain white matter property - within the forceps minor and the left superior temporal longitudinal fasciculus. Within each of these tracts, mean FA value of depression score - associated voxels was used as a phenotype in a subsequent GSEA. The NCAM1 Interactions gene set was significantly enriched in these tracts. By linking the NCAM1 Interactions gene set to depression scores and their structural brain correlates in healthy participants, the current study contributes to the understanding of the molecular underpinnings of depressive symptomatology.
28334615	4	18	NCAM1 gene set	T028	C1334863
28334615	32	51	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28334615	62	78	brain structural	T023	C0006104
28334615	79	89	correlates	T039	C0871083
28334615	93	112	healthy individuals	T098	C0237401
28334615	113	132	Depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28334615	188	208	depressive disorders	T048	C0011581
28334615	224	243	continuous spectrum	T059	C0037812
28334615	247	266	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28334615	320	344	biological underpinnings	T033	C0243095
28334615	348	358	depression	T048	C0011570
28334615	360	388	Gene set enrichment analysis	T059	C0796344
28334615	390	394	GSEA	T059	C0796344
28334615	443	454	gene groups	T028	C0017337
28334615	465	479	complex traits	T032	C0678922
28334615	521	550	genome-wide association study	T063	C2350277
28334615	552	556	GWAS	T063	C2350277
28334615	558	583	data of depression scores	T033	C3483981
28334615	594	616	brain-level structural	T023	C0006104
28334615	617	627	correlates	T039	C0871083
28334615	631	656	healthy young individuals	T098	C0237401
28334615	661	674	symptom level	T033	C1319166
28334615	681	698	depression scores	T033	C3483981
28334615	701	707	robust	T080	C2986815
28334615	742	751	gene sets	T028	C0017337
28334615	753	758	NCAM1	T028	C1334863
28334615	759	771	Interactions	T045	C0596610
28334615	776	794	Collagen Formation	T044	C2246343
28334615	796	813	Depression scores	T033	C3483981
28334615	824	839	associated with	T080	C0332281
28334615	840	849	decreased	T081	C0205216
28334615	850	871	fractional anisotropy	T070	C0085406
28334615	873	875	FA	T070	C0085406
28334615	881	908	brain white matter property	T023	C0152381
28334615	911	935	within the forceps minor	T023	C0152325
28334615	944	990	left superior temporal longitudinal fasciculus	T023	C2337627
28334615	1021	1028	mean FA	T070	C0085406
28334615	1038	1054	depression score	T033	C3483981
28334615	1057	1074	associated voxels	T077	C2700259
28334615	1089	1098	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28334615	1115	1119	GSEA	T059	C0796344
28334615	1125	1130	NCAM1	T028	C1334863
28334615	1131	1143	Interactions	T045	C0596610
28334615	1144	1152	gene set	T028	C0017337
28334615	1212	1217	NCAM1	T028	C1334863
28334615	1218	1230	Interactions	T045	C0596610
28334615	1231	1239	gene set	T028	C0017337
28334615	1243	1260	depression scores	T033	C3483981
28334615	1271	1287	structural brain	T023	C0006104
28334615	1288	1298	correlates	T039	C0871083
28334615	1302	1322	healthy participants	T098	C1708335
28334615	1382	1405	molecular underpinnings	T033	C0243095
28334615	1409	1434	depressive symptomatology	T184	C0086132

28334784|t|Testing the Ret and Sema3d genetic interaction in mouse enteric nervous system development
28334784|a|For most multigenic disorders, clinical manifestation (penetrance) and presentation (expressivity) are likely to be an outcome of genetic interaction between multiple susceptibility genes. Here, using gene knockouts in mice we evaluated genetic interaction between loss of Ret and loss of Sema3d, two Hirschsprung disease susceptibility genes. We intercrossed Ret and Sema3d double null heterozygotes to generate mice with the nine possible genotypes and assessed survival by counting various genotypes, myenteric plexus presence by acetylcholinesterase staining and embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) intestine transcriptome by RNA-sequencing. Survival rates of Ret wildtype, null heterozygote and null homozygote mice at E12.5, birth and weaning were not influenced by the genotypes at Sema3d locus and vice-versa. Loss of myenteric plexus was observed only in all Ret null homozygotes, irrespective of the genotypes at Sema3d locus, and Sema3d null heterozygote and homozygote mice had normal intestinal innervation. As compared to wildtype mice intestinal gene expression, loss of Ret in null homozygotes led to differential expression of ∼300 genes, whereas loss of Sema3d in null homozygotes had no major consequence and there was no evidence supporting major interaction between the two genes influencing intestine transcriptome. Overall, given the null alleles and phenotypic assays used, we did not find evidence for genetic interaction between Ret and Sema3d affecting survival, presence of myenteric plexus or intestine transcriptome.
28334784	12	15	Ret	T028	C0694890
28334784	20	26	Sema3d	T028	C1419945
28334784	27	46	genetic interaction	T045	C0596610
28334784	50	55	mouse	T015	C0025929
28334784	56	90	enteric nervous system development	T042	C1522995
28334784	100	120	multigenic disorders	T047	C0567439
28334784	122	144	clinical manifestation	T080	C1280464
28334784	146	156	penetrance	T081	C0524899
28334784	162	174	presentation	T078	C0449450
28334784	176	188	expressivity	T078	C0449450
28334784	210	217	outcome	T169	C1274040
28334784	221	240	genetic interaction	T045	C0596610
28334784	258	278	susceptibility genes	T028	C0919542
28334784	292	306	gene knockouts	UnknownType	C0814039
28334784	310	314	mice	T015	C0025929
28334784	328	347	genetic interaction	T045	C0596610
28334784	364	367	Ret	T028	C0694890
28334784	380	386	Sema3d	T028	C1419945
28334784	392	412	Hirschsprung disease	T019,T047	C0019569
28334784	413	433	susceptibility genes	T028	C0919542
28334784	451	454	Ret	T028	C0694890
28334784	459	465	Sema3d	T028	C1419945
28334784	495	508	generate mice	T169	C0205245
28334784	532	541	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28334784	546	563	assessed survival	T052	C1516048
28334784	567	593	counting various genotypes	T059	C1285573
28334784	595	611	myenteric plexus	T023	C0027028
28334784	624	653	acetylcholinesterase staining	T059	C0201829
28334784	658	676	embryonic day 12.5	UnknownType	C0815083
28334784	678	683	E12.5	UnknownType	C0815083
28334784	685	708	intestine transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28334784	712	726	RNA-sequencing	T086	C0162327
28334784	728	742	Survival rates	T081	C0038954
28334784	746	749	Ret	T028	C0694890
28334784	750	758	wildtype	T028	C0694890
28334784	798	802	mice	T015	C0025929
28334784	806	811	E12.5	UnknownType	C0815083
28334784	813	818	birth	T040	C0005615
28334784	823	830	weaning	T033	C0043084
28334784	858	867	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28334784	871	877	Sema3d	T028	C1419945
28334784	878	883	locus	T082	C1708726
28334784	908	924	myenteric plexus	T023	C0027028
28334784	950	953	Ret	T028	C0694890
28334784	992	1001	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28334784	1005	1011	Sema3d	T028	C1419945
28334784	1012	1017	locus	T082	C1708726
28334784	1023	1029	Sema3d	T028	C1419945
28334784	1035	1047	heterozygote	T032	C0019425
28334784	1052	1067	homozygote mice	T032	C0019904
28334784	1079	1101	intestinal innervation	T080	C1619351
28334784	1118	1142	wildtype mice intestinal	T028	C1883559
28334784	1143	1158	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28334784	1168	1171	Ret	T028	C0694890
28334784	1212	1237	expression of ∼300 genes,	T045	C0017262
28334784	1254	1260	Sema3d	T028	C1419945
28334784	1320	1331	no evidence	T080	C0332125
28334784	1349	1382	interaction between the two genes	T045	C0596610
28334784	1395	1418	intestine transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28334784	1439	1451	null alleles	T049	C2985437
28334784	1456	1473	phenotypic assays	T059	C1285572
28334784	1487	1504	not find evidence	T080	C0332125
28334784	1509	1528	genetic interaction	T045	C0596610
28334784	1537	1540	Ret	T028	C0694890
28334784	1545	1551	Sema3d	T028	C1419945
28334784	1584	1600	myenteric plexus	T023	C0027028
28334784	1604	1627	intestine transcriptome	T086	C3178810

28334854|t|The burden of HPV -related diseases in Italy, 2001-12
28334854|a|Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer and plays a relevant role in the development of genital warts and of the cancer of penis and anus, head / neck, oropharynx and genitourinary system. The aim of this study is the evaluation of hospitalizations due to HPV-related pathologies in 2001-12 in Italy. The national hospital discharge forms were provided by the Ministry of Health. The HPV -related hospitalizations were identified using specific diagnostic codes, accordingly to the ICD-9-CM coding system. The proportion of hospitalizations of potentially HPV-related pathologies, obtained from the literature, was evaluated as well as the hospitalization rates (hr) and their trend over time. Uterine cervical cancer and CIN III accounted for 40% of hospitalizations (hr: 15.6/100 000 and 17.6/100 000, respectively). Head / neck and oropharynx pathologies accounted for 24.5% of cases (hr: 16/100 000 and 3.9/100 000, in males and females, respectively), followed by genital warts (17.3% of hospitalizations; hr: 7.5/100 000 in males and 8.52/100 000 in females), anal (8.1% of hospitalizations), genitourinary (7.7%) and penis cancers (2.2%). The study, even if limited to the evaluation of hospitalizations, points out how HPV-related pathologies continue to be a relevant public health issue in Italy with a high impact on population.
28334854	14	17	HPV	T005	C0021344
28334854	27	35	diseases	T047	C0012634
28334854	39	44	Italy	T083	C0022277
28334854	54	90	Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection	T047	C0343641
28334854	112	127	cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
28334854	161	172	development	T169	C1527148
28334854	176	189	genital warts	T047	C1398518
28334854	201	207	cancer	T191	C0006826
28334854	211	216	penis	T023	C0030851
28334854	221	225	anus	T023	C0003461
28334854	227	231	head	T029	C0018670
28334854	234	238	neck	T029	C0027530
28334854	240	250	oropharynx	T029	C0521367
28334854	255	275	genitourinary system	T022	C0042066
28334854	293	298	study	T062	C2603343
28334854	306	316	evaluation	T169	C1292732
28334854	320	336	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
28334854	344	367	HPV-related pathologies	T047	C0343641
28334854	382	387	Italy	T083	C0022277
28334854	393	420	national hospital discharge	T058	C0586003
28334854	421	426	forms	T073	C0376315
28334854	448	466	Ministry of Health	T093	C1274109
28334854	472	475	HPV	T005	C0021344
28334854	485	501	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
28334854	533	543	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28334854	544	549	codes	T170	C0805701
28334854	570	578	ICD-9-CM	T170	C1137112
28334854	579	592	coding system	T185	C2347818
28334854	612	628	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
28334854	644	667	HPV-related pathologies	T047	C0343641
28334854	687	697	literature	T170	C0023866
28334854	703	712	evaluated	T169	C1292732
28334854	728	749	hospitalization rates	T081	C1521828
28334854	751	753	hr	T081	C1521828
28334854	765	770	trend	T079	C1521798
28334854	776	780	time	T079	C0040223
28334854	782	805	Uterine cervical cancer	T191	C0007847
28334854	810	817	CIN III	T191	C0851140
28334854	839	855	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
28334854	857	859	hr	T081	C1521828
28334854	907	911	Head	T029	C0018670
28334854	914	918	neck	T029	C0027530
28334854	923	933	oropharynx	T029	C0521367
28334854	934	945	pathologies	T169	C1521733
28334854	969	974	cases	T169	C0868928
28334854	976	978	hr	T081	C1521828
28334854	1011	1016	males	T032	C0086582
28334854	1021	1028	females	T032	C0086287
28334854	1057	1070	genital warts	T047	C1398518
28334854	1081	1097	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
28334854	1099	1101	hr	T081	C1521828
28334854	1118	1123	males	T032	C0086582
28334854	1144	1151	females	T032	C0086287
28334854	1154	1158	anal	T191	C0153446
28334854	1168	1184	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
28334854	1187	1200	genitourinary	T191	C0751569
28334854	1212	1225	penis cancers	T191	C0153601
28334854	1238	1243	study	T062	C2603343
28334854	1268	1278	evaluation	T169	C1292732
28334854	1282	1298	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
28334854	1315	1338	HPV-related pathologies	T047	C0343641
28334854	1365	1378	public health	T078	C0018684
28334854	1379	1384	issue	T033	C0033213
28334854	1388	1393	Italy	T083	C0022277
28334854	1406	1412	impact	T080	C4049986
28334854	1416	1426	population	T098	C1257890

28334863|t|Consecutive non-natural PZ nucleobase pairs in DNA impact helical structure as seen in 50 μs molecular dynamics simulations
28334863|a|Little is known about the influence of multiple consecutive ' non-standard ' (, 6-amino-5-nitro-2(1H)-pyridone, and, 2-amino-imidazo[1,2-a]-1,3,5-triazin-4(8H)-one) nucleobase pairs on the structural parameters of duplex DNA. nucleobase pairs follow standard rules for Watson-Crick base pairing but have rearranged hydrogen bonding donor and acceptor groups. Using the X-ray crystal structure as a starting point, we have modeled the motions of a DNA duplex built from a self-complementary oligonucleotide (5΄-CTTATPPPZZZATAAG-3΄) in water over a period of 50 μs and calculated DNA local parameters, step parameters, helix parameters, and major / minor groove widths to examine how the presence of multiple, consecutive nucleobase pairs might impact helical structure. In these simulations, the - containing DNA duplex exhibits a significantly wider major groove and greater average values of stagger, slide, rise, twist and h-rise than observed for a ' control ' oligonucleotide in which nucleobase pairs are replaced by. The molecular origins of these structural changes are likely associated with at least two differences between and. First, the electrostatic properties of differ from in terms of density distribution and dipole moment. Second, differences are seen in the base stacking of pairs in dinucleotide steps, arising from energetically favorable stacking of the nitro group in with π-electrons of the adjacent base.
28334863	0	11	Consecutive	T080	C1707491
28334863	12	23	non-natural	T080	C0522502
28334863	24	37	PZ nucleobase	T114	C0597101
28334863	38	43	pairs	T080	C1709450
28334863	47	50	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28334863	51	57	impact	T080	C4049986
28334863	58	75	helical structure	T082	C0678594
28334863	93	123	molecular dynamics simulations	T066	C2717775
28334863	150	159	influence	T077	C4054723
28334863	163	171	multiple	T081	C0439064
28334863	172	183	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28334863	186	198	non-standard	T080	C0205556
28334863	204	234	6-amino-5-nitro-2(1H)-pyridone	T114	C0597101
28334863	241	287	2-amino-imidazo[1,2-a]-1,3,5-triazin-4(8H)-one	T114	C0597101
28334863	289	305	nucleobase pairs	T114	C0597101
28334863	313	323	structural	T082	C0678594
28334863	324	334	parameters	T077	C0549193
28334863	338	344	duplex	T082	C0444916
28334863	345	348	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28334863	350	366	nucleobase pairs	T114	C0597101
28334863	367	373	follow	T169	C4281991
28334863	374	382	standard	T080	C1442989
28334863	383	388	rules	T170	C0870077
28334863	393	418	Watson-Crick base pairing	T044	C0600436
28334863	439	461	hydrogen bonding donor	T120	C1254355
28334863	466	481	acceptor groups	T120	C1254355
28334863	483	488	Using	T169	C1524063
28334863	493	516	X-ray crystal structure	T059	C0206755
28334863	558	565	motions	T169	C0687704
28334863	571	574	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28334863	575	581	duplex	T082	C0444916
28334863	582	587	built	T169	C1522492
28334863	595	629	self-complementary oligonucleotide	T114	C0006556
28334863	631	653	5΄-CTTATPPPZZZATAAG-3΄	T114	C0006556
28334863	658	663	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28334863	691	701	calculated	T059	C1443182
28334863	702	705	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28334863	706	711	local	T082	C0205276
28334863	712	722	parameters	T077	C0549193
28334863	724	739	step parameters	T077	C0549193
28334863	741	746	helix	T082	C1254362
28334863	747	757	parameters	T077	C0549193
28334863	763	768	major	T114,T123	C1518157
28334863	771	783	minor groove	T114,T123	C1513315
28334863	784	790	widths	T081	C0487742
28334863	794	801	examine	T169	C4284036
28334863	810	818	presence	T033	C0150312
28334863	822	830	multiple	T081	C0439064
28334863	832	843	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28334863	844	860	nucleobase pairs	T114	C0597101
28334863	867	873	impact	T080	C4049986
28334863	874	891	helical structure	T082	C0678594
28334863	902	913	simulations	T066	C2717775
28334863	921	931	containing	T169	C0332256
28334863	932	935	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28334863	936	942	duplex	T082	C0444916
28334863	954	967	significantly	T081	C0237881
28334863	968	973	wider	T082	C0332464
28334863	974	986	major groove	T114,T123	C1518157
28334863	991	998	greater	T081	C1704243
28334863	999	1006	average	T081	C1510992
28334863	1007	1013	values	T080	C0042295
28334863	1017	1024	stagger	T169	C0205245
28334863	1026	1031	slide	T169	C0205245
28334863	1033	1037	rise	T169	C0205245
28334863	1039	1044	twist	T082	C0231467
28334863	1049	1055	h-rise	T169	C0205245
28334863	1061	1069	observed	T169	C1441672
28334863	1078	1085	control	T080	C0243148
28334863	1088	1103	oligonucleotide	T114	C0028953
28334863	1113	1129	nucleobase pairs	T114	C0597101
28334863	1134	1145	replaced by	T169	C1299987
28334863	1151	1160	molecular	T080	C1521991
28334863	1161	1168	origins	T079	C0439659
28334863	1178	1188	structural	T082	C0678594
28334863	1189	1196	changes	T169	C0392747
28334863	1208	1223	associated with	T080	C0332281
28334863	1233	1236	two	T081	C0205448
28334863	1237	1248	differences	T081	C1705241
28334863	1273	1286	electrostatic	T070	C0376534
28334863	1287	1297	properties	T080	C0871161
28334863	1301	1307	differ	T080	C1705242
28334863	1325	1345	density distribution	T081	C0392762
28334863	1350	1363	dipole moment	T081	C0596449
28334863	1373	1384	differences	T081	C1705241
28334863	1401	1414	base stacking	T044	C1148560
28334863	1418	1423	pairs	T080	C1709450
28334863	1427	1439	dinucleotide	T114	C1254348
28334863	1440	1445	steps	T077	C1261552
28334863	1474	1483	favorable	T080	C3640814
28334863	1484	1492	stacking	T044	C1148560
28334863	1500	1511	nitro group	T080	C0205556
28334863	1520	1531	π-electrons	T196	C0013852
28334863	1539	1547	adjacent	T082	C0205117
28334863	1548	1552	base	T114	C0597101

28335558|t|Modeling the Development of Audiovisual Cue Integration in Speech Perception
28335558|a|Adult speech perception is generally enhanced when information is provided from multiple modalities. In contrast, infants do not appear to benefit from combining auditory and visual speech information early in development. This is true despite the fact that both modalities are important to speech comprehension even at early stages of language acquisition. How then do listeners learn how to process auditory and visual information as part of a unified signal? In the auditory domain, statistical learning processes provide an excellent mechanism for acquiring phonological categories. Is this also true for the more complex problem of acquiring audiovisual correspondences, which require the learner to integrate information from multiple modalities? In this paper, we present simulations using Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) that learn cue weights and combine cues on the basis of their distributional statistics. First, we simulate the developmental process of acquiring phonological categories from auditory and visual cues, asking whether simple statistical learning approaches are sufficient for learning multi-modal representations. Second, we use this time course information to explain audiovisual speech perception in adult perceivers, including cases where auditory and visual input are mismatched. Overall, we find that domain-general statistical learning techniques allow us to model the developmental trajectory of audiovisual cue integration in speech, and in turn, allow us to better understand the mechanisms that give rise to unified percepts based on multiple cues.
28335558	0	8	Modeling	T062	C0870071
28335558	13	24	Development	T169	C1527148
28335558	28	39	Audiovisual	T080	C0205556
28335558	40	43	Cue	T078	C0010439
28335558	44	55	Integration	T040	C0679019
28335558	59	76	Speech Perception	T041	C0037826
28335558	77	82	Adult	T100	C0001675
28335558	83	100	speech perception	T041	C0037826
28335558	128	139	information	T078	C1533716
28335558	157	165	multiple	T081	C0439064
28335558	166	176	modalities	T078	C0695347
28335558	191	198	infants	T100	C0021270
28335558	216	223	benefit	T081	C0814225
28335558	239	247	auditory	T169	C0439825
28335558	252	258	visual	T169	C0234621
28335558	259	265	speech	T040	C0037817
28335558	266	277	information	T078	C1533716
28335558	278	298	early in development	T067	C0870455
28335558	340	350	modalities	T078	C0695347
28335558	368	374	speech	T040	C0037817
28335558	375	388	comprehension	T041	C0162340
28335558	397	409	early stages	T079	C2363430
28335558	413	433	language acquisition	T041	C0023013
28335558	447	456	listeners	T098	C1257890
28335558	457	462	learn	T041	C0023185
28335558	470	477	process	T067	C1522240
28335558	478	486	auditory	T169	C0439825
28335558	491	497	visual	T169	C0234621
28335558	498	509	information	T078	C1533716
28335558	523	530	unified	T080	C1706076
28335558	546	554	auditory	T169	C0439825
28335558	563	574	statistical	T090	C0038215
28335558	575	583	learning	T041	C0023185
28335558	584	593	processes	T067	C1522240
28335558	605	614	excellent	T080	C1961136
28335558	615	624	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28335558	639	651	phonological	T090	C0597725
28335558	652	662	categories	T170	C0683312
28335558	695	702	complex	T080	C0439855
28335558	703	710	problem	T033	C0033213
28335558	724	735	audiovisual	T080	C0205556
28335558	771	778	learner	T098	C1257890
28335558	782	791	integrate	T040	C0679019
28335558	792	803	information	T078	C1533716
28335558	809	817	multiple	T081	C0439064
28335558	818	828	modalities	T078	C0695347
28335558	856	867	simulations	T062	C0679083
28335558	874	897	Gaussian mixture models	T170	C3161035
28335558	899	903	GMMs	T170	C3161035
28335558	916	919	cue	T078	C0010439
28335558	920	927	weights	T081	C0043100
28335558	940	944	cues	T078	C0010439
28335558	982	992	statistics	T090	C0038215
28335558	1004	1012	simulate	T062	C0679083
28335558	1017	1030	developmental	T080	C0458003
28335558	1031	1038	process	T067	C1522240
28335558	1052	1064	phonological	T090	C0597725
28335558	1065	1075	categories	T170	C0683312
28335558	1081	1089	auditory	T169	C0439825
28335558	1094	1100	visual	T169	C0234621
28335558	1101	1105	cues	T078	C0010439
28335558	1129	1140	statistical	T090	C0038215
28335558	1141	1149	learning	T041	C0023185
28335558	1180	1188	learning	T041	C0023185
28335558	1189	1200	multi-modal	T080	C0205556
28335558	1250	1261	information	T078	C1533716
28335558	1273	1284	audiovisual	T080	C0205556
28335558	1285	1302	speech perception	T041	C0037826
28335558	1306	1311	adult	T100	C0001675
28335558	1312	1322	perceivers	T098	C1257890
28335558	1346	1354	auditory	T169	C0439825
28335558	1359	1365	visual	T169	C0234621
28335558	1376	1386	mismatched	T080	C1881865
28335558	1425	1436	statistical	T090	C0038215
28335558	1437	1445	learning	T041	C0023185
28335558	1446	1456	techniques	T169	C0449851
28335558	1469	1474	model	T170	C3161035
28335558	1479	1503	developmental trajectory	T170	C0282574
28335558	1507	1518	audiovisual	T080	C0205556
28335558	1519	1522	cue	T078	C0010439
28335558	1523	1534	integration	T040	C0679019
28335558	1538	1544	speech	T040	C0037817
28335558	1593	1603	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28335558	1622	1629	unified	T080	C1706076
28335558	1630	1638	percepts	T041	C0030971
28335558	1648	1656	multiple	T081	C0439064
28335558	1657	1661	cues	T078	C0010439

28336096|t|Multigenerational effects of two glucocorticoids (prednisolone and dexamethasone) on life-history parameters of crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia (Cladocera)
28336096|a|Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) such as dexamethasone (DEX) and prednisolone (PDS) have been used since the 1940s to cure inflammatory and auto-immune disorders. Their use has been linked to a host of deleterious effects in aquatic ecosystems such as osteoporosis in vertebrates, developmental impairments in molluscs and reduced fecundity and growth in cladocerans. Apart from these handful of studies, the effects of GCs on aquatic biota are largely unknown. The present study is a first of its kind aiming to assess the multi-generational exposure effects of DEX and PDS on the life history parameters of Ceriodaphnia dubia (C. dubia). Multigenerational studies have proved to be an advantage in assessing the cumulative damage caused by aquatic toxicants at the population level of the exposed organisms over a period of successive generations using multiple biological endpoints. Test results demonstrated that C. dubia exhibited varied sensitivities towards both the studied chemicals however were more sensitive to DEX with 48-h EC50 (95% confidence interval) of 0.75 mg/L (CI: 0.59-0.92) in comparison to PDS [19 mg/L (CI: 15-23)]. EC10 values for F0 in a multigenerational chronic bioassays were 48 μg/L (CI: 37.4-61) for DEX and 460 μg/L (CI: 341-606) for PDS and in F3 were 2.2 μg/L (CI: 1.6-3.1) for DEX and 31 μg/L (CI: 19.4-46) for PDS. There was a positive trend of increased toxicity followed by reduced life history traits such as fecundity, brood size and time to first brood and intrinsic rate of population increase and body growth (length and area) of C. dubia in the case of both studied chemicals. The results from the current work highlighted the importance of multigenerational studies in identifying the evolutionary responses of stressed non-target aquatic organisms, and data obtained can be further used in developing water quality guidelines.
28336096	0	25	Multigenerational effects	T080	C1280500
28336096	33	48	glucocorticoids	T109,T121	C0017711
28336096	50	62	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
28336096	67	80	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28336096	85	97	life-history	T032	C0598779
28336096	98	108	parameters	T077	C0549193
28336096	112	122	crustacean	T204	C1704306
28336096	123	141	Ceriodaphnia dubia	T204	C1089376
28336096	143	152	Cladocera	T204	C0446344
28336096	154	179	Synthetic glucocorticoids	T109,T121	C0017711
28336096	181	184	GCs	T109,T121	C0017711
28336096	194	207	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28336096	209	212	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28336096	218	230	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
28336096	232	235	PDS	T109,T121	C0032950
28336096	271	275	cure	T077	C1880198
28336096	276	288	inflammatory	T047	C1290884
28336096	293	314	auto-immune disorders	T047	C0004364
28336096	355	374	deleterious effects	T080	C1280500
28336096	378	396	aquatic ecosystems	T070	C0162358
28336096	405	417	osteoporosis	T047	C0029456
28336096	421	432	vertebrates	T010	C0042567
28336096	434	447	developmental	T040	C0678723
28336096	448	459	impairments	T169	C0221099
28336096	463	471	molluscs	T204	C0026391
28336096	476	483	reduced	T080	C0392756
28336096	484	493	fecundity	T040	C0015895
28336096	498	504	growth	T040	C0018270
28336096	508	519	cladocerans	T204	C0446344
28336096	562	569	effects	T080	C1280500
28336096	573	576	GCs	T109,T121	C0017711
28336096	580	593	aquatic biota	T001	C0596121
28336096	627	632	study	T062	C2603343
28336096	716	719	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28336096	724	727	PDS	T109,T121	C0032950
28336096	735	747	life history	T032	C0598779
28336096	748	758	parameters	T077	C0549193
28336096	762	780	Ceriodaphnia dubia	T204	C1089376
28336096	782	790	C. dubia	T204	C1089376
28336096	793	818	Multigenerational studies	T062	C0681814
28336096	853	862	assessing	T052	C1516048
28336096	867	877	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28336096	878	884	damage	T169	C1883709
28336096	895	912	aquatic toxicants	T123,T131	C1282240
28336096	920	930	population	T098	C1257890
28336096	931	936	level	T080	C0441889
28336096	944	951	exposed	T080	C0332157
28336096	952	961	organisms	T001	C0029235
28336096	990	1001	generations	T079	C0079411
28336096	1008	1016	multiple	T081	C0439064
28336096	1017	1027	biological	T080	C0205460
28336096	1028	1037	endpoints	T080	C2349179
28336096	1044	1051	results	T169	C1274040
28336096	1070	1078	C. dubia	T204	C1089376
28336096	1096	1109	sensitivities	T169	C0332324
28336096	1135	1144	chemicals	T103	C0220806
28336096	1163	1172	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28336096	1176	1179	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28336096	1190	1194	EC50	UnknownType	C0678791
28336096	1200	1219	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28336096	1235	1237	CI	T081	C0009667
28336096	1253	1263	comparison	T052	C1707455
28336096	1267	1270	PDS	T109,T121	C0032950
28336096	1281	1283	CI	T081	C0009667
28336096	1294	1298	EC10	UnknownType	C0678791
28336096	1318	1353	multigenerational chronic bioassays	T059	C0005507
28336096	1368	1370	CI	T081	C0009667
28336096	1385	1388	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28336096	1403	1405	CI	T081	C0009667
28336096	1420	1423	PDS	T109,T121	C0032950
28336096	1449	1451	CI	T081	C0009667
28336096	1466	1469	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28336096	1483	1485	CI	T081	C0009667
28336096	1500	1503	PDS	T109,T121	C0032950
28336096	1535	1544	increased	T081	C0205217
28336096	1545	1553	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28336096	1566	1573	reduced	T080	C0392756
28336096	1574	1586	life history	T032	C0598779
28336096	1587	1593	traits	T032	C0599883
28336096	1602	1611	fecundity	T040	C0015895
28336096	1613	1618	brood	T099	C0680063
28336096	1619	1623	size	T082	C0456389
28336096	1642	1647	brood	T099	C0680063
28336096	1652	1666	intrinsic rate	T081	C1521828
28336096	1670	1680	population	T098	C1257890
28336096	1694	1705	body growth	T040	C0231256
28336096	1707	1713	length	T081	C1444754
28336096	1718	1722	area	T082	C0205146
28336096	1727	1735	C. dubia	T204	C1089376
28336096	1764	1773	chemicals	T103	C0220806
28336096	1779	1786	results	T169	C1274040
28336096	1839	1864	multigenerational studies	T062	C0681814
28336096	1884	1896	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
28336096	1897	1906	responses	T032	C0871261
28336096	1910	1918	stressed	T033	C0038435
28336096	1919	1929	non-target	T080	C1518389
28336096	1930	1947	aquatic organisms	T001	C0596121
28336096	1953	1957	data	T078	C1511726
28336096	2001	2014	water quality	T080	C0597680
28336096	2015	2025	guidelines	T170	C0162791

28336141|t|The discovery of potent and selective kynurenine 3-monooxygenase inhibitors for the treatment of acute pancreatitis
28336141|a|A series of potent, competitive and highly selective kynurenine monooxygenase inhibitors have been discovered via a substrate -based approach for the treatment of acute pancreatitis. The lead compound demonstrated good cellular potency and clear pharmacodynamic activity in vivo.
28336141	4	13	discovery	T052	C1880355
28336141	17	23	potent	T080	C0205556
28336141	28	37	selective	T080	C0205556
28336141	38	64	kynurenine 3-monooxygenase	T116,T126	C0064449
28336141	65	75	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28336141	84	93	treatment	T061	C0087111
28336141	97	115	acute pancreatitis	T047	C0001339
28336141	118	124	series	T081	C0205549
28336141	128	134	potent	T080	C0205556
28336141	136	147	competitive	T080	C0205556
28336141	152	158	highly	T080	C0205250
28336141	159	168	selective	T080	C0205556
28336141	169	193	kynurenine monooxygenase	T116,T126	C0064449
28336141	194	204	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28336141	215	225	discovered	T052	C1880355
28336141	232	241	substrate	T167	C3891814
28336141	249	257	approach	T082	C0449445
28336141	266	275	treatment	T061	C0087111
28336141	279	297	acute pancreatitis	T047	C0001339
28336141	303	307	lead	T169	C1522538
28336141	308	316	compound	T103	C1706082
28336141	330	334	good	T080	C0205170
28336141	335	343	cellular	T025	C0007634
28336141	344	351	potency	T080	C0205556
28336141	362	377	pharmacodynamic	T038	C0851347
28336141	378	386	activity	T052	C0441655
28336141	387	394	in vivo	T082	C1515655

28336597|t|Draft Genome Sequence of Providencia stuartii PS71, a Multidrug-Resistant Strain Associated with Nosocomial Infections in Greece
28336597|a|Providencia stuartii is frequently associated with nosocomial outbreaks and displays intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antimicrobials. We report here the draft genome sequence of a P. stuartii strain carrying acquired resistance genes conferring panresistance to cephalosporins (blaSHV-5 and blaVEB-1), carbapenems (blaVIM-1), and aminoglycosides (rmtB) involved in an outbreak in Greek hospitals.
28336597	0	12	Draft Genome	T028	C0017428
28336597	13	21	Sequence	T086	C0314659
28336597	25	50	Providencia stuartii PS71	T007	C0315286
28336597	54	73	Multidrug-Resistant	T032	C0242640
28336597	74	80	Strain	T001	C1518614
28336597	81	96	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28336597	97	118	Nosocomial Infections	T047	C0205721
28336597	122	128	Greece	T083	C0018226
28336597	129	149	Providencia stuartii	T007	C0315286
28336597	153	163	frequently	T079	C0332183
28336597	164	179	associated with	T080	C0332281
28336597	180	200	nosocomial outbreaks	T047	C0205721
28336597	214	223	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28336597	224	234	resistance	T169	C4281815
28336597	243	251	commonly	T081	C0205214
28336597	257	271	antimicrobials	T121	C1136254
28336597	292	304	draft genome	T028	C0017428
28336597	305	313	sequence	T086	C0314659
28336597	319	337	P. stuartii strain	T007	C0315286
28336597	347	355	acquired	T080	C0439661
28336597	356	372	resistance genes	T028	C2945710
28336597	384	397	panresistance	T169	C4281815
28336597	401	415	cephalosporins	T109,T195	C3536856
28336597	417	425	blaSHV-5	T028	C0017337
28336597	430	438	blaVEB-1	T028	C0017337
28336597	441	452	carbapenems	T109,T195	C0006968
28336597	454	462	blaVIM-1	T028	C0017337
28336597	469	484	aminoglycosides	T109,T121	C0002556
28336597	486	490	rmtB	T028	C0017337
28336597	507	515	outbreak	T067	C0012652
28336597	519	524	Greek	T083	C0018226
28336597	525	534	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994

28337281|t|C-MYC - induced upregulation of lncRNA SNHG12 regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration in triple-negative breast cancer
28337281|a|Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer, with a significantly higher recurrence and mortality rate. There is an urgent need to uncover the mechanism underlying TNBC and establish therapeutic targets. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a series of biological functions and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism of cancer. Based on their expression specificity and large number, lncRNAs are likely to serve as the basis for clinical applications in oncology. In our previous study, we utilized RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to explore the lncRNAs expression profiles in TNBC and identified that small nucleolar RNA host gene 12 (SNHG12) was remarkably increased in TNBC. However, the role of SNHG12 in TNBC has not been clarified. Herein, we determine that SNHG12 is upregulated in TNBC, and its high expression is significantly correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Mechanistic investigations show that SNHG12 is a direct transcriptional target of c-MYC. Silencing SNHG12 expression inhibits TNBC cells proliferation and apoptosis promotion, whereas SNHG12 overexpression has the opposite effect. In addition, we reveal that SNHG12 may promote cells migration by regulating MMP13 expression. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report indicating that SNHG12 is involved in breast cancer. Taken together, our findings suggest that SNHG12 contributes to the oncogenic potential of TNBC and may be a promising therapeutic target.
28337281	0	5	C-MYC	T028	C0079068
28337281	8	15	induced	T169	C0205263
28337281	16	28	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28337281	32	38	lncRNA	T114	C2982391
28337281	39	45	SNHG12	T028	C1823223
28337281	46	55	regulates	T038	C1327622
28337281	56	74	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28337281	76	85	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28337281	90	99	migration	T043	C1622501
28337281	103	132	triple-negative breast cancer	T191	C3539878
28337281	133	162	Triple-negative breast cancer	T191	C3539878
28337281	164	168	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28337281	189	208	aggressive subtypes	T185	C0872379
28337281	212	225	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28337281	248	254	higher	T080	C0205250
28337281	255	265	recurrence	T046	C2825055
28337281	270	284	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
28337281	325	334	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28337281	346	350	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28337281	365	376	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28337281	377	384	targets	T169	C1521840
28337281	386	406	Long non-coding RNAs	T114	C2982391
28337281	408	415	lncRNAs	T114	C2982391
28337281	445	465	biological functions	T038	C3714634
28337281	502	521	molecular mechanism	T044	C1148560
28337281	525	531	cancer	T191	C0006826
28337281	548	558	expression	T045	C0017262
28337281	559	570	specificity	T081	C0037791
28337281	589	596	lncRNAs	T114	C2982391
28337281	634	642	clinical	T080	C0205210
28337281	643	655	applications	T169	C4048755
28337281	659	667	oncology	T058	C1555459
28337281	704	707	RNA	T114	C0035668
28337281	708	718	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28337281	720	727	RNA-seq	T059	C1294197
28337281	744	751	lncRNAs	T114	C2982391
28337281	752	771	expression profiles	T081	C1956267
28337281	775	779	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28337281	806	815	nucleolar	T029	C0521448
28337281	816	832	RNA host gene 12	T028	C1823223
28337281	834	840	SNHG12	T028	C1823223
28337281	870	874	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28337281	889	893	role	T077	C1705810
28337281	897	903	SNHG12	T028	C1823223
28337281	907	911	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28337281	962	968	SNHG12	T028	C1823223
28337281	972	983	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28337281	987	991	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28337281	1001	1005	high	T080	C0205250
28337281	1006	1016	expression	T045	C0017262
28337281	1034	1044	correlated	T080	C1707520
28337281	1050	1060	tumor size	T082	C0475440
28337281	1065	1087	lymph node metastasis.	T191	C0948627
28337281	1088	1099	Mechanistic	T169	C0441712
28337281	1100	1114	investigations	T062	C0683933
28337281	1125	1131	SNHG12	T028	C1823223
28337281	1144	1159	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28337281	1160	1166	target	T169	C1521840
28337281	1170	1175	c-MYC	T028	C0079068
28337281	1177	1186	Silencing	T045	C0598496
28337281	1187	1193	SNHG12	T028	C1823223
28337281	1194	1204	expression	T045	C0017262
28337281	1214	1218	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28337281	1219	1238	cells proliferation	T043	C0596290
28337281	1243	1252	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28337281	1272	1278	SNHG12	T028	C1823223
28337281	1279	1293	overexpression	T045	C0017262
28337281	1302	1310	opposite	T082	C1521805
28337281	1311	1317	effect	T080	C1280500
28337281	1347	1353	SNHG12	T028	C1823223
28337281	1366	1381	cells migration	T043	C1622501
28337281	1385	1395	regulating	T045	C0017263
28337281	1396	1401	MMP13	T028	C1417202
28337281	1402	1412	expression	T045	C0017262
28337281	1483	1489	SNHG12	T028	C1823223
28337281	1505	1518	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28337281	1540	1548	findings	T033	C0243095
28337281	1562	1568	SNHG12	T028	C1823223
28337281	1588	1597	oncogenic	T191	C0598934
28337281	1598	1607	potential	T080	C3245505
28337281	1611	1615	TNBC	T191	C3539878
28337281	1639	1650	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28337281	1651	1657	target	T169	C1521840

28337431|t|Enhancing an International Perspective in Public Health Teaching through Formalized University Partnerships
28337431|a|Teaching in the field of public health needs to employ a global perspective to account for the fact that public health problems and solutions have global determinants and implications as well. International university partnerships can promote such a perspective through the strengthening of cooperation, exchange, and communication between academic institutions across national boundaries. As an example for such an academic network in the field of public health, we introduce the International Public Health Partnership -a collaboration between a university in Germany and universities in India, Turkey, and Nigeria. Formed in 2005, it facilitated the exchange of information, fostered discussion about the transferability of public health concepts, contributed to the structural development of the universities involved, and promoted an intercultural dialog through a combination of local and distance learning activities. Although well accepted by students and staff, different obstacles were encountered; these included limited external funding, scarce own financial, time and personnel resources, and diverging regulations and structures of degree programs at the partnership sites. In the present article, we share several lessons that we learned during our joint collaboration and provide recommendations for other universities that are involved in partnerships with institutions of higher education or are interested to initiate such collaborations.
28337431	0	9	Enhancing	T052	C2349975
28337431	13	38	International Perspective	T078	C1136223
28337431	42	64	Public Health Teaching	T065	C1514602
28337431	65	72	through	T169	C0332273
28337431	84	94	University	T073,T092	C0041740
28337431	95	107	Partnerships	T092	C1711206
28337431	108	116	Teaching	T065	C0220924
28337431	124	146	field of public health	T091	C0034019
28337431	147	152	needs	T080	C0027552
28337431	156	162	employ	T169	C0457083
28337431	165	171	global	T082	C0205246
28337431	172	183	perspective	T078	C1254370
28337431	213	226	public health	T058	C0699943
28337431	227	235	problems	T078	C1546466
28337431	240	249	solutions	T078	C1254370
28337431	255	261	global	T082	C0205246
28337431	262	274	determinants	T169	C1521761
28337431	279	291	implications	T078	C1254370
28337431	301	314	International	T078	C1512888
28337431	315	325	university	T073,T092	C0041740
28337431	326	338	partnerships	T092	C1711206
28337431	343	350	promote	T052	C0033414
28337431	358	369	perspective	T078	C1254370
28337431	370	377	through	T169	C0332273
28337431	382	395	strengthening	T169	C0442808
28337431	399	410	cooperation	T064	C0021785
28337431	412	420	exchange	T054	C0678640
28337431	426	439	communication	T054	C0009452
28337431	448	469	academic institutions	UnknownType	C0681331
28337431	477	496	national boundaries	T082	C1254362
28337431	524	532	academic	T092	C1510747
28337431	533	540	network	T169	C1882071
28337431	548	570	field of public health	T091	C0034019
28337431	575	584	introduce	T169	C1292748
28337431	589	628	International Public Health Partnership	T092	C1711206
28337431	632	645	collaboration	T054	C0282116
28337431	656	666	university	T073,T092	C0041740
28337431	670	677	Germany	T083	C0017480
28337431	682	694	universities	T073,T092	C0041740
28337431	698	703	India	T083	C0021201
28337431	705	711	Turkey	T083	C0041400
28337431	717	724	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
28337431	761	769	exchange	T054	C0678640
28337431	773	784	information	T078	C1533716
28337431	786	794	fostered	T079	C3854260
28337431	795	805	discussion	T054	C2584313
28337431	816	831	transferability	T052	C2700638
28337431	835	857	public health concepts	T078	C1254370
28337431	859	870	contributed	T052	C1880177
28337431	878	900	structural development	T169	C1527148
28337431	908	920	universities	T073,T092	C0041740
28337431	921	929	involved	T169	C1314939
28337431	935	943	promoted	T052	C0033414
28337431	947	967	intercultural dialog	T170	C0282574
28337431	968	975	through	T169	C0332273
28337431	978	989	combination	T080	C0205195
28337431	993	998	local	T082	C0205276
28337431	1003	1031	distance learning activities	T065	C0013652
28337431	1047	1055	accepted	T080	C1272684
28337431	1059	1067	students	T098	C0038492
28337431	1072	1077	staff	T097	C0851286
28337431	1079	1088	different	T080	C1705242
28337431	1089	1098	obstacles	T033	C0033213
28337431	1104	1115	encountered	T053	C1947978
28337431	1123	1131	included	T169	C0332257
28337431	1132	1139	limited	T169	C0439801
28337431	1140	1148	external	T082	C0205101
28337431	1149	1156	funding	T081	C0243098
28337431	1158	1164	scarce	T080	C0231180
28337431	1165	1178	own financial	T081	C0376243
28337431	1180	1184	time	T079	C0040223
28337431	1189	1208	personnel resources	T078	C0035201
28337431	1214	1235	diverging regulations	T064	C0851285
28337431	1240	1269	structures of degree programs	T170	C0282574
28337431	1277	1288	partnership	T092	C1711206
28337431	1289	1294	sites	T082	C0205145
28337431	1311	1318	article	T170	C1706852
28337431	1329	1336	several	T081	C0443302
28337431	1337	1344	lessons	T170	C0870807
28337431	1353	1360	learned	T041	C0023185
28337431	1361	1367	during	T079	C0347984
28337431	1372	1391	joint collaboration	T054	C0282116
28337431	1396	1403	provide	T052	C1999230
28337431	1404	1419	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28337431	1424	1429	other	T080	C0205394
28337431	1430	1442	universities	T073,T092	C0041740
28337431	1452	1460	involved	T169	C1314939
28337431	1464	1476	partnerships	T092	C1711206
28337431	1482	1494	institutions	T078	C1272753
28337431	1498	1514	higher education	T065	C2584301
28337431	1522	1532	interested	T041	C0543488
28337431	1536	1544	initiate	T169	C1704686
28337431	1550	1564	collaborations	T054	C0282116

28338247|t|Impact of diabetic ketoacidosis management in the medical intensive care unit after order set implementation
28338247|a|To determine the rate of compliance to the 2006 and 2009 ADA DKA guidelines in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) at a large academic medical centre after the implementation of a computerised DKA order set and protocol. Retrospective chart review of adult patients with DKA admitted to the MICU. Results of pre-order set (PRE) were compared to those of data post-order set (POST). The primary outcome was a composite administration of intravenous fluid resuscitation in the first 24 h, insulin bolus and initial insulin infusion rate. Twelve of 60 patients (20%) in the PRE group received treatment compliant with the 2006 guidelines versus 14 of 55 patients (25.5%) in the POST group (OR 1.22 95% CI 0.44 to 3.4, P = 0.51). Compliance to the 2009 guidelines was significantly higher in the POST group (31.7% versus 65.5%, OR 4.44 95% CI 1.8 to 10.92, P = 0.0004). Compliance for individual components was 26.7% versus 70.9% for fluid resuscitation (P = 0.0001), 55% versus 49.1% for insulin bolus (P = 0.58) and 60% versus 81.3% for initial insulin infusion rate (P = 0.014), respectively. Time to DKA resolution was decreased (P = 0.04), and hypoglycaemia was increased (P = 0.0022). Implementation of a computerised DKA order set and protocol was associated with improved compliance to the 2009 ADA DKA guidelines, 24-h fluid resuscitation, initial insulin infusion rate, time to DKA resolution and appropriate transition to subcutaneous insulin. However, patients in the POST implementation group were more likely to exhibit hypoglycaemia. Future assessment is warranted.
28338247	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
28338247	10	31	diabetic ketoacidosis	T047	C0011880
28338247	32	42	management	T058	C0376636
28338247	50	77	medical intensive care unit	T073,T093	C2711734
28338247	84	93	order set	T170	C0282574
28338247	94	108	implementation	T052	C1708476
28338247	126	130	rate	T081	C1521828
28338247	134	144	compliance	T058	C0525058
28338247	166	184	ADA DKA guidelines	T170	C0162791
28338247	192	219	medical intensive care unit	T073,T093	C2711734
28338247	221	225	MICU	T073,T093	C2711734
28338247	238	261	academic medical centre	T073,T093	C0000872
28338247	272	286	implementation	T052	C1708476
28338247	292	318	computerised DKA order set	T170	C0282574
28338247	323	331	protocol	T061	C0008971
28338247	333	346	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
28338247	347	359	chart review	T170	C0282443
28338247	363	377	adult patients	T101	C0030705
28338247	383	386	DKA	T047	C0011880
28338247	387	395	admitted	T058	C0809949
28338247	403	407	MICU	T073,T093	C2711734
28338247	420	433	pre-order set	T170	C0282574
28338247	435	438	PRE	T170	C0282574
28338247	471	485	post-order set	T170	C0282574
28338247	487	491	POST	T170	C0282574
28338247	498	513	primary outcome	T169	C1274040
28338247	530	544	administration	T061	C1533734
28338247	548	579	intravenous fluid resuscitation	T061	C2317423
28338247	599	606	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28338247	607	612	bolus	T061	C1511237
28338247	617	624	initial	T079	C0205265
28338247	625	632	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28338247	633	646	infusion rate	T079	C2964135
28338247	661	669	patients	T101	C0030705
28338247	683	692	PRE group	UnknownType	C0681860
28338247	702	711	treatment	T061	C0087111
28338247	712	721	compliant	T080	C0566588
28338247	736	746	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28338247	763	771	patients	T101	C0030705
28338247	787	797	POST group	UnknownType	C0681860
28338247	799	801	OR	T081	C0028873
28338247	811	813	CI	T081	C0009667
28338247	838	848	Compliance	T058	C0525058
28338247	861	871	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28338247	876	896	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28338247	904	914	POST group	UnknownType	C0681860
28338247	936	938	OR	T081	C0028873
28338247	948	950	CI	T081	C0009667
28338247	978	988	Compliance	T058	C0525058
28338247	1042	1061	fluid resuscitation	T061	C0150238
28338247	1097	1104	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28338247	1105	1110	bolus	T061	C1511237
28338247	1147	1154	initial	T079	C0205265
28338247	1155	1162	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28338247	1163	1176	infusion rate	T079	C2964135
28338247	1204	1208	Time	T079	C0040223
28338247	1212	1215	DKA	T047	C0011880
28338247	1216	1226	resolution	T077	C2699488
28338247	1231	1240	decreased	T081	C0205216
28338247	1257	1270	hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
28338247	1275	1284	increased	T081	C0205217
28338247	1299	1313	Implementation	T052	C1708476
28338247	1319	1345	computerised DKA order set	T170	C0282574
28338247	1350	1358	protocol	T061	C0008971
28338247	1363	1378	associated with	T080	C0332281
28338247	1379	1387	improved	T033	C0184511
28338247	1388	1398	compliance	T058	C0525058
28338247	1411	1429	ADA DKA guidelines	T170	C0162791
28338247	1436	1455	fluid resuscitation	T061	C0150238
28338247	1457	1464	initial	T079	C0205265
28338247	1465	1472	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28338247	1473	1486	infusion rate	T079	C2964135
28338247	1488	1492	time	T079	C0040223
28338247	1496	1499	DKA	T047	C0011880
28338247	1500	1510	resolution	T077	C2699488
28338247	1527	1537	transition	T052	C2700061
28338247	1541	1553	subcutaneous	T082	C0443315
28338247	1554	1561	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28338247	1572	1580	patients	T101	C0030705
28338247	1588	1613	POST implementation group	UnknownType	C0681860
28338247	1642	1655	hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615

28338376|t|Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer
28338376|a|In the last years, a spectacular development of immunotherapeutic agents aimed at the PD-1 / PD-L1 axis has taken place. This development of these checkpoint inhibitors has greatly influenced our approach to the treatment of lung cancer in first and second line. The limited toxicity profile and the ability to treat for prolonged periods, even in smokers, is a welcome expansion of the therapeutic arsenal of the oncologist. Areas covered: This review highlights the results of recent clinical trials on pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. The authors discuss both first and second line treatment with pembrolizumab as monotherapy and in combination therapies. Additionally, implications of the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assay with the 22C3 antibody and its use in clinical practice and trials is discussed. Expert commentary: A higher overall response, overall survival and a moderate toxicity profile is observed with the use of pembrolizumab, compared to chemotherapy, in both first and second line. These promising results have already translated into the registration of pembrolizumab in first and second line in patients with a high expression of PD-L1. However, as PD-L1 staining does not sufficiently discriminate responders from non-responders for all checkpoint inhibitors, there still is a need for a better predictive biomarker.
28338376	0	13	Pembrolizumab	T116,T121,T129	C3658706
28338376	22	31	treatment	T061	C0087111
28338376	35	61	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28338376	95	106	development	T169	C1527148
28338376	110	134	immunotherapeutic agents	T121,T129	C0876248
28338376	148	152	PD-1	T116,T129,T192	C2986635
28338376	155	160	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
28338376	188	199	development	T169	C1527148
28338376	209	230	checkpoint inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28338376	274	283	treatment	T061	C0087111
28338376	287	298	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28338376	302	307	first	T061	C1708063
28338376	312	323	second line	T061	C1710038
28338376	329	336	limited	T169	C0439801
28338376	337	345	toxicity	T037	C0013221
28338376	373	378	treat	T061	C0087111
28338376	383	392	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28338376	393	400	periods	T079	C1948053
28338376	410	417	smokers	T033	C0337664
28338376	476	486	oncologist	T097	C0259990
28338376	508	514	review	T170	C0282443
28338376	530	537	results	T169	C1274040
28338376	548	563	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28338376	567	580	pembrolizumab	T116,T121,T129	C3658706
28338376	589	598	treatment	T061	C0087111
28338376	602	628	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28338376	634	641	authors	T097	C3812881
28338376	655	660	first	T061	C1708063
28338376	665	686	second line treatment	T061	C1710038
28338376	692	705	pembrolizumab	T116,T121,T129	C3658706
28338376	709	720	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
28338376	728	749	combination therapies	T061	C0013218
28338376	785	790	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
28338376	791	817	immunohistochemistry assay	T059	C0020980
28338376	827	840	22C3 antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28338376	849	852	use	T169	C0457083
28338376	856	873	clinical practice	T062	C0008967
28338376	878	884	trials	T062	C0008976
28338376	920	926	higher	T080	C0205250
28338376	927	943	overall response	T033	C3272903
28338376	945	961	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28338376	968	976	moderate	T080	C0205081
28338376	977	985	toxicity	T037	C0013221
28338376	1015	1018	use	T169	C0457083
28338376	1022	1035	pembrolizumab	T116,T121,T129	C3658706
28338376	1049	1061	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28338376	1071	1076	first	T061	C1708063
28338376	1081	1092	second line	T061	C1710038
28338376	1110	1117	results	T169	C1274040
28338376	1151	1163	registration	T058	C1514821
28338376	1167	1180	pembrolizumab	T116,T121,T129	C3658706
28338376	1184	1189	first	T061	C1708063
28338376	1194	1205	second line	T061	C1710038
28338376	1209	1217	patients	T101	C0030705
28338376	1225	1229	high	T080	C0205250
28338376	1230	1240	expression	T045	C1171362
28338376	1244	1249	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
28338376	1263	1268	PD-L1	T129	C4300350
28338376	1269	1277	staining	T059	C0487602
28338376	1313	1323	responders	T033	C0919876
28338376	1329	1343	non-responders	T033	C0919875
28338376	1352	1373	checkpoint inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28338376	1410	1420	predictive	T080	C0681890
28338376	1421	1430	biomarker	T201	C0005516

28338529|t|Dosimetry software Hermes Internal Radiation Dosimetry: from quantitative image reconstruction to voxel -level absorbed dose distribution
28338529|a|The aim of this work is to validate a software package called Hermes Internal Radiation Dosimetry (HIRD) for internal dose assessment tailored for clinical practice. The software includes all the necessary steps to perform voxel -level absorbed dose calculations including quantitative reconstruction, image coregistration and volume of interest tools. The basics of voxel -level dosimetry methods and implementations to HIRD software are reviewed. Then, HIRD is validated using simulated SPECT / CT data and data from Lu-DOTATATE - treated patients by comparing absorbed kidney doses with OLINDA/EXM -based dosimetry. In addition, electron and photon dose components are studied separately in an example patient case. The simulation study showed that HIRD can reproduce time-activity curves accurately and produce absorbed doses with less than 10% error for the kidneys, liver and spleen. From the patient data, the absorbed kidney doses calculated using HIRD and using OLINDA/EXM were highly correlated (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r=0.98). From Bland-Altman plot analysis, an average absorbed dose difference of -2% was found between the methods. In addition, we found that in Lu-DOTATATE - treated patients, photons can contribute over 10% of the kidney's total dose and is partly because of cross-irradiation from high - uptake lesions close to the kidneys. HIRD is a straightforward voxel -level internal dosimetry software. Its clinical utility was verified with simulated and clinical Lu-DOTATATE - treated patient data. Patient studies also showed that photon contribution towards the total dose can be relatively high and voxel -level dose calculations can be valuable in cases where the target organ is in close proximity to high- uptake organs.
28338529	0	18	Dosimetry software	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	19	54	Hermes Internal Radiation Dosimetry	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	61	73	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28338529	74	94	image reconstruction	T066	C0020912
28338529	98	103	voxel	T077	C2700259
28338529	111	124	absorbed dose	T081	C0556643
28338529	125	137	distribution	T169	C1704711
28338529	165	173	validate	T090	C0037590
28338529	176	192	software package	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	200	235	Hermes Internal Radiation Dosimetry	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	237	241	HIRD	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	247	260	internal dose	T081	C2986955
28338529	261	271	assessment	T058	C0220825
28338529	285	302	clinical practice	T170	C2986419
28338529	308	316	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	361	366	voxel	T077	C2700259
28338529	374	387	absorbed dose	T081	C0556643
28338529	388	400	calculations	T052	C1441506
28338529	411	423	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28338529	424	438	reconstruction	T066	C0020912
28338529	465	483	volume of interest	T077	C2986837
28338529	484	489	tools	T170	C0037589
28338529	505	510	voxel	T077	C2700259
28338529	518	535	dosimetry methods	T170	C0025663
28338529	540	555	implementations	T052	C1708476
28338529	559	572	HIRD software	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	593	597	HIRD	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	601	610	validated	T090	C0037590
28338529	627	632	SPECT	T060	C0040399
28338529	635	637	CT	T060	C0040405
28338529	638	642	data	T078	C1511726
28338529	647	651	data	T078	C1511726
28338529	657	668	Lu-DOTATATE	T116,T121	C3272344
28338529	671	678	treated	T169	C1522326
28338529	679	687	patients	T101	C0030705
28338529	691	700	comparing	T052	C1707455
28338529	701	722	absorbed kidney doses	T081	C0556643
28338529	710	716	kidney	T023	C0022646
28338529	728	738	OLINDA/EXM	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	746	755	dosimetry	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	770	778	electron	T196	C0013852
28338529	783	789	photon	T167	C0086805
28338529	790	794	dose	T081	C4019308
28338529	843	850	patient	T101	C0030705
28338529	851	855	case	T169	C0868928
28338529	861	877	simulation study	T062	C0679083
28338529	890	894	HIRD	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	909	929	time-activity curves	T081	C2986848
28338529	930	940	accurately	T080	C0443131
28338529	953	967	absorbed doses	T081	C0556643
28338529	987	992	error	T080	C0743559
28338529	1001	1008	kidneys	T023	C0022646
28338529	1010	1015	liver	T023	C0023884
28338529	1020	1026	spleen	T023	C0037993
28338529	1037	1049	patient data	T170	C2707520
28338529	1055	1076	absorbed kidney doses	T081	C0556643
28338529	1064	1070	kidney	T023	C0022646
28338529	1094	1098	HIRD	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	1109	1119	OLINDA/EXM	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	1144	1177	Pearson's correlation coefficient	T081	C0871052
28338529	1193	1219	Bland-Altman plot analysis	T081	C0392762
28338529	1224	1231	average	T081	C1510992
28338529	1232	1245	absorbed dose	T081	C0556643
28338529	1246	1256	difference	T080	C1705242
28338529	1325	1336	Lu-DOTATATE	T116,T121	C3272344
28338529	1339	1346	treated	T169	C1522326
28338529	1347	1355	patients	T101	C0030705
28338529	1357	1364	photons	T167	C0086805
28338529	1369	1379	contribute	T052	C1880177
28338529	1396	1404	kidney's	T023	C0022646
28338529	1405	1410	total	T080	C0439810
28338529	1411	1415	dose	T081	C4019308
28338529	1441	1458	cross-irradiation	T070	C0851346
28338529	1464	1468	high	T080	C0205250
28338529	1471	1477	uptake	T039	C0243144
28338529	1478	1485	lesions	T033	C0221198
28338529	1486	1491	close	T033	C3810854
28338529	1499	1506	kidneys	T023	C0022646
28338529	1508	1512	HIRD	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	1518	1533	straightforward	T080	C1272701
28338529	1534	1539	voxel	T077	C2700259
28338529	1547	1574	internal dosimetry software	T073,T170	C0037585
28338529	1615	1624	simulated	T062	C0679083
28338529	1638	1649	Lu-DOTATATE	T116,T121	C3272344
28338529	1652	1659	treated	T169	C1522326
28338529	1660	1667	patient	T101	C0030705
28338529	1674	1681	Patient	T101	C0030705
28338529	1707	1713	photon	T167	C0086805
28338529	1714	1726	contribution	T052	C1880177
28338529	1739	1744	total	T080	C0439810
28338529	1745	1749	dose	T081	C4019308
28338529	1777	1782	voxel	T077	C2700259
28338529	1790	1794	dose	T081	C0556643
28338529	1795	1807	calculations	T052	C1441506
28338529	1843	1849	target	T169	C1521840
28338529	1850	1855	organ	T023	C0178784
28338529	1862	1877	close proximity	T082	C1514583
28338529	1887	1893	uptake	T039	C0243144
28338529	1894	1900	organs	T023	C0178784

28338634|t|Construction of an Acetylcholinesterase Sensor Based on Synthesized Paramagnetic Nanoparticles, a Simple Tool for Neurotoxic Compounds Assay
28338634|a|Magnetic particles (MPs) have been widely used in biological applications in recent years as a carrier for various molecules. Their big advantage is in repeated use of immobilized molecules including enzymes. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an enzyme playing crucial role in neurotransmission and the enzyme is targeted by various molecules like Alzheimer's drugs, pesticides and warfare agents. In this work, an electrochemical biosensor having AChE immobilized onto MPs and stabilized through glutaraldehyde (GA) molecule was proposed for assay of the neurotoxic compounds. The prepared nanoparticles were modified by pure AChE and they were used for the measurement anti-Alzheimer's drug galantamine and carbamate pesticide carbofuran with limit of detection 1.5 µM and 20 nM, respectively. All measurements were carried out using screen-printed sensor with carbon working, silver reference, and carbon auxiliary electrode. Standard Ellman's assay was used for validation measurement of both inhibitors. Part of this work was the elimination of reversible inhibitors represented by galantamine from the active site of AChE. For this purpose, we used a lower pH to get the original activity of AChE after inhibition by galantamine. We also observed decarbamylation of the AChE - carbofuran adduct. Influence of organic solvents to AChE as well as repeatability of measurement with MPs with AChE was also established.
28338634	19	39	Acetylcholinesterase	T116,T126	C0001044
28338634	40	46	Sensor	T075	C0600364
28338634	56	94	Synthesized Paramagnetic Nanoparticles	T130	C2713587
28338634	114	134	Neurotoxic Compounds	T131	C0260049
28338634	135	140	Assay	T059	C1510438
28338634	141	159	Magnetic particles	T130	C2713587
28338634	161	164	MPs	T130	C2713587
28338634	191	214	biological applications	T169	C0205245
28338634	256	265	molecules	T167	C0567416
28338634	309	320	immobilized	T067	C1254366
28338634	321	330	molecules	T167	C0567416
28338634	341	348	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28338634	350	370	Acetylcholinesterase	T116,T126	C0001044
28338634	372	376	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28338634	384	390	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28338634	415	432	neurotransmission	T043	C0027793
28338634	441	447	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28338634	451	459	targeted	T169	C1521840
28338634	471	480	molecules	T167	C0567416
28338634	486	497	Alzheimer's	T047	C0002395
28338634	498	503	drugs	T121	C1254351
28338634	505	515	pesticides	T131	C0031253
28338634	520	534	warfare agents	T109,T131	C1113670
28338634	553	578	electrochemical biosensor	T075	C0600364
28338634	586	590	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28338634	591	602	immobilized	T116,T126,T130	C0014444
28338634	608	611	MPs	T130	C2713587
28338634	616	626	stabilized	T033	C0184512
28338634	635	663	glutaraldehyde (GA) molecule	T109,T122,T130	C0017814
28338634	681	686	assay	T059	C1510438
28338634	694	714	neurotoxic compounds	T131	C0260049
28338634	720	742	prepared nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28338634	748	759	modified by	T080	C0205349
28338634	760	769	pure AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28338634	797	808	measurement	T169	C0242485
28338634	809	825	anti-Alzheimer's	T033	C0243095
28338634	826	830	drug	T121	C1254351
28338634	831	842	galantamine	T109,T121	C0016967
28338634	847	866	carbamate pesticide	T109,T121,T131	C0360422
28338634	867	877	carbofuran	T109,T131	C0006995
28338634	883	888	limit	T078	C1549649
28338634	892	901	detection	T033	C0442726
28338634	938	950	measurements	T169	C0242485
28338634	974	995	screen-printed sensor	T075	C0600364
28338634	1001	1007	carbon	T196	C0007009
28338634	1008	1015	working	T074	C0013812
28338634	1017	1023	silver	T196	C0037125
28338634	1024	1033	reference	T074	C4067887
28338634	1039	1045	carbon	T196	C0007009
28338634	1046	1065	auxiliary electrode	T074	C0013812
28338634	1067	1090	Standard Ellman's assay	T059	C1510438
28338634	1104	1114	validation	T062	C1519941
28338634	1115	1126	measurement	T169	C0242485
28338634	1135	1145	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28338634	1173	1184	elimination	T052	C1883720
28338634	1188	1198	reversible	T169	C0205343
28338634	1199	1209	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28338634	1225	1236	galantamine	T109,T121	C0016967
28338634	1246	1257	active site	T169	C0205681
28338634	1261	1265	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28338634	1295	1300	lower	T052	C2003888
28338634	1301	1303	pH	T081	C0020283
28338634	1315	1323	original	T078	C0205313
28338634	1324	1332	activity	T052	C0441655
28338634	1336	1340	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28338634	1347	1357	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28338634	1361	1372	galantamine	T109,T121	C0016967
28338634	1382	1390	observed	T169	C1441672
28338634	1391	1406	decarbamylation	T067	C1254366
28338634	1414	1418	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28338634	1421	1431	carbofuran	T109,T131	C0006995
28338634	1432	1438	adduct	T104	C0596040
28338634	1453	1469	organic solvents	T109	C0360100
28338634	1473	1477	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044
28338634	1506	1517	measurement	T169	C0242485
28338634	1523	1526	MPs	T130	C2713587
28338634	1532	1536	AChE	T116,T126	C0001044

28338976|t|Synchronisms between bud and cambium phenology in black spruce: early - flushing provenances exhibit early xylem formation
28338976|a|Bud and cambial phenology represent the adaptation of species to the local environment that allows the growing season to be maximized while minimizing the risk of frost for the developing tissues. The temporal relationship between the apical and radial meristems can help in the understanding of tree growth as a whole process. The aim of this study was to compare cambial phenology in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) provenances classified as early and late bud flushing. The different phases of cambial phenology were assessed on wood microcores sampled weekly from April to October in 2014 and 2015 from 61 trees growing in a provenance trial in Quebec, Canada. Trees showing an early bud flush also exhibited early reactivation of xylem differentiation, although an average difference of 12 days for buds corresponded to small although significant differences of 4 days for xylem. Provenances with early bud flush had an early bud set and completed xylem formation earlier than late bud flush provenances. No significant difference in the period of xylem formation and total growth was observed between the flushing classes. Our results demonstrate that the ecotype differentiation of black spruce provenances represented by the phenological adaptation of buds to the local climate corresponds to specific growth dynamics of the xylem.
28338976	0	12	Synchronisms	T079	C0439580
28338976	21	24	bud	T002	C2700462
28338976	29	36	cambium	T023	C2339480
28338976	37	46	phenology	T080	C0205556
28338976	50	62	black spruce	T002	C0996604
28338976	64	69	early	T079	C1279919
28338976	72	80	flushing	T052	C1882955
28338976	81	92	provenances	T077	C1709753
28338976	101	106	early	T079	C1279919
28338976	107	112	xylem	T002	C1720877
28338976	113	122	formation	T169	C1522492
28338976	123	126	Bud	T002	C2700462
28338976	131	138	cambial	T023	C2339480
28338976	139	148	phenology	T080	C0205556
28338976	149	158	represent	T052	C1882932
28338976	163	173	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28338976	177	184	species	T185	C1705920
28338976	192	197	local	T082	C0205276
28338976	198	209	environment	T082	C0014406
28338976	226	240	growing season	T079	C0036497
28338976	247	256	maximized	T169	C0442805
28338976	263	273	minimizing	T080	C0392756
28338976	278	282	risk	T078	C0035647
28338976	286	291	frost	T197	C0020746
28338976	300	310	developing	T169	C1527148
28338976	311	318	tissues	T025	C1514137
28338976	324	332	temporal	T079	C2362314
28338976	333	345	relationship	T080	C0439849
28338976	358	364	apical	T082	C0205111
28338976	369	375	radial	T077	C0442038
28338976	376	385	meristems	T002	C0242728
28338976	419	423	tree	T002	C0040811
28338976	424	430	growth	T040	C0018270
28338976	424	430	growth	T040	C0018270
28338976	436	441	whole	T081	C0444667
28338976	442	449	process	T067	C1522240
28338976	455	458	aim	T078	C1947946
28338976	467	472	study	T062	C2603343
28338976	480	487	compare	T052	C1707455
28338976	488	495	cambial	T023	C2339480
28338976	496	505	phenology	T080	C0205556
28338976	509	521	black spruce	T002	C0996604
28338976	523	536	Picea mariana	T002	C0996604
28338976	553	564	provenances	T077	C1709753
28338976	565	575	classified	T185	C0008902
28338976	579	584	early	T079	C1279919
28338976	589	593	late	T079	C0205087
28338976	594	597	bud	T002	C2700462
28338976	598	606	flushing	T052	C1882955
28338976	612	621	different	T080	C1705242
28338976	622	628	phases	T079	C0205390
28338976	632	639	cambial	T023	C2339480
28338976	640	649	phenology	T080	C0205556
28338976	655	663	assessed	T052	C1516048
28338976	667	671	wood	T167	C0043217
28338976	672	682	microcores	T082	C0444669
28338976	683	690	sampled	T078	C0870078
28338976	691	697	weekly	T079	C0332174
28338976	745	750	trees	T002	C0040811
28338976	751	758	growing	T040	C0018270
28338976	764	780	provenance trial	T062	C0868962
28338976	784	790	Quebec	T083	C0034390
28338976	792	798	Canada	T083	C0006823
28338976	800	805	Trees	T002	C0040811
28338976	817	822	early	T079	C1279919
28338976	823	826	bud	T002	C2700462
28338976	827	832	flush	T052	C1882955
28338976	848	853	early	T079	C1279919
28338976	854	866	reactivation	T052	C4086768
28338976	870	875	xylem	T002	C1720877
28338976	876	891	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28338976	905	912	average	T081	C1510992
28338976	913	923	difference	T081	C1705241
28338976	930	934	days	T079	C0439228
28338976	939	943	buds	T002	C2700462
28338976	960	965	small	T081	C0700321
28338976	975	986	significant	T081	C0237881
28338976	987	998	differences	T081	C1705241
28338976	1004	1008	days	T079	C0439228
28338976	1013	1018	xylem	T002	C1720877
28338976	1020	1031	Provenances	T077	C1709753
28338976	1037	1042	early	T079	C1279919
28338976	1043	1046	bud	T002	C2700462
28338976	1047	1052	flush	T052	C1882955
28338976	1060	1065	early	T079	C1279919
28338976	1066	1069	bud	T002	C2700462
28338976	1078	1087	completed	T080	C0205197
28338976	1088	1093	xylem	T002	C1720877
28338976	1094	1103	formation	T169	C1522492
28338976	1104	1111	earlier	T079	C1279919
28338976	1117	1121	late	T079	C0205087
28338976	1122	1125	bud	T002	C2700462
28338976	1126	1131	flush	T052	C1882955
28338976	1132	1143	provenances	T077	C1709753
28338976	1145	1159	No significant	T033	C1273937
28338976	1160	1170	difference	T081	C1705241
28338976	1178	1184	period	T079	C1948053
28338976	1188	1193	xylem	T002	C1720877
28338976	1194	1203	formation	T169	C1522492
28338976	1208	1213	total	T080	C0439810
28338976	1214	1220	growth	T040	C0018270
28338976	1214	1220	growth	T040	C0018270
28338976	1225	1233	observed	T169	C1441672
28338976	1246	1254	flushing	T052	C1882955
28338976	1268	1275	results	T033	C2825142
28338976	1297	1304	ecotype	T032	C3178911
28338976	1305	1320	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28338976	1324	1336	black spruce	T002	C0996604
28338976	1337	1348	provenances	T077	C1709753
28338976	1368	1380	phenological	T080	C0205556
28338976	1381	1391	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28338976	1395	1399	buds	T002	C2700462
28338976	1407	1412	local	T082	C0205276
28338976	1413	1420	climate	T070	C0008946
28338976	1436	1444	specific	T080	C0205369
28338976	1445	1451	growth	T040	C0018270
28338976	1452	1460	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28338976	1468	1473	xylem	T002	C1720877

28339013|t|Immunological effects of occupational exposure to lead (Review)
28339013|a|It is well-known that occupational and environmental exposure to several factors, including benzene, heavy metals, chemicals and mineral fibers, is associated with the risk of developing a great number of diseases. Numerous studies have been carried out in order to investigate the mechanisms of toxicity of these substances, with particular regard to the possible toxic effects on the immune system. However, little is known about the influence of heavy metals, such as lead, on the immune system in human populations. Lead is a heavy metal still used in many industrial activities. Human exposure to lead can induce various biological effects depending upon the level and duration of exposure, such as toxic effects on haematological, cardiovascular, nervous and reproductive systems. Several studies demonstrated that exposure to lead is associated to toxic effects also on the immune system, thus increasing the incidence of allergy, infectious disease, autoimmunity or cancer. However, the effects of lead exposure on the human immune system are not conclusive, mostly in occupationally exposed subjects; nevertheless some immunotoxic abnormalities induced by lead have been suggested. In particular, in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo lead is able to improve T helper 2 (Th2) cell development affecting Th1 cell proliferation. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of lead immunotoxicity and the ability of lead to affect preferentially one type of immune response.
28339013	0	13	Immunological	T169	C0205470
28339013	14	24	effects of	T080	C1704420
28339013	25	46	occupational exposure	T037	C0028798
28339013	50	54	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
28339013	56	62	Review	T170	C0282443
28339013	86	98	occupational	T037	C0028798
28339013	103	125	environmental exposure	T037	C0014412
28339013	137	144	factors	T169	C1521761
28339013	146	155	including	T169	C0332257
28339013	156	163	benzene	T109,T131	C0005036
28339013	165	177	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
28339013	179	188	chemicals	T103	C0220806
28339013	193	207	mineral fibers	T197	C0282591
28339013	212	227	associated with	T080	C0332281
28339013	232	236	risk	T078	C0035647
28339013	259	265	number	T081	C0237753
28339013	269	277	diseases	T047	C0012634
28339013	288	295	studies	T062	C2603343
28339013	330	341	investigate	T170	C1552578
28339013	346	356	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28339013	360	368	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28339013	378	388	substances	T167	C0439861
28339013	406	412	regard	T033	C0518609
28339013	420	428	possible	T033	C0332149
28339013	429	442	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
28339013	450	463	immune system	T022	C0020962
28339013	500	509	influence	T077	C4054723
28339013	513	525	heavy metals	T196	C0347988
28339013	535	539	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
28339013	548	561	immune system	T022	C0020962
28339013	565	570	human	T016	C0086418
28339013	571	582	populations	T098	C1257890
28339013	584	588	Lead	T131,T196	C0023175
28339013	594	605	heavy metal	T196	C0347988
28339013	625	635	industrial	T057	C0021267
28339013	636	646	activities	T052	C0441655
28339013	648	653	Human	T016	C0086418
28339013	654	665	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28339013	666	670	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
28339013	675	681	induce	T169	C0205263
28339013	690	700	biological	T080	C0205460
28339013	701	708	effects	T080	C1280500
28339013	728	733	level	T080	C0441889
28339013	738	746	duration	T079	C0449238
28339013	750	758	exposure	T033	C0040537
28339013	768	781	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
28339013	785	799	haematological	T022	C0279810
28339013	801	815	cardiovascular	T022	C0007226
28339013	817	824	nervous	T022	C3714787
28339013	829	849	reproductive systems	T022	C1261210
28339013	859	866	studies	T062	C2603343
28339013	885	896	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28339013	897	901	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
28339013	905	918	associated to	T080	C0332281
28339013	919	932	toxic effects	T037	C0600688
28339013	945	958	immune system	T022	C0020962
28339013	965	975	increasing	T169	C0442808
28339013	980	989	incidence	T081	C0021149
28339013	993	1000	allergy	T046	C1527304
28339013	1002	1020	infectious disease	T047	C0009450
28339013	1022	1034	autoimmunity	T047	C0004364
28339013	1038	1044	cancer	T191	C0006826
28339013	1059	1066	effects	T080	C1280500
28339013	1070	1083	lead exposure	T033	C2220426
28339013	1091	1096	human	T016	C0086418
28339013	1097	1110	immune system	T022	C0020962
28339013	1115	1129	not conclusive	T033	C3842141
28339013	1141	1163	occupationally exposed	T037	C0028798
28339013	1164	1172	subjects	T098	C0080105
28339013	1192	1217	immunotoxic abnormalities	T037	C0596763
28339013	1218	1225	induced	T169	C0205263
28339013	1229	1233	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
28339013	1270	1277	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28339013	1279	1287	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28339013	1292	1299	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28339013	1300	1304	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
28339013	1316	1323	improve	T033	C0184511
28339013	1324	1340	T helper 2 (Th2)	T025	C0242633
28339013	1341	1357	cell development	T043	C0815089
28339013	1368	1371	Th1	T025	C0242632
28339013	1372	1390	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28339013	1400	1407	studies	T062	C2603343
28339013	1412	1420	required	T169	C1514873
28339013	1431	1441	understand	T041	C0162340
28339013	1446	1456	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28339013	1460	1464	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
28339013	1465	1479	immunotoxicity	T037	C0596763
28339013	1499	1503	lead	T131,T196	C0023175
28339013	1514	1528	preferentially	T078	C0558295
28339013	1541	1556	immune response	T042	C0301872

28339345|t|Alanine Aminotransferase Is a Marker of Lipotoxicity Consequences and Hyperandrogenemia in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
28339345|a|Several studies have reported higher levels of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared with control subjects. Plasma ALT levels are considered a marker of hepatic lipotoxicity because of their significant associations with different hepatic metabolic dysfunctions, such as hepatic steatosis and hepatic insulin resistance. Retrospective chart review aiming to assess, in PCOS women, the relationship between ALT levels and measures of lipotoxicity consequences that are available clinically, both during fasting and using the oral glucose tolerance test. Women (n = 132) with PCOS, were in average 27.9 years of age, with a mean body mass index of 34.1 kg/m(2) and 49% had a metabolic syndrome (MetS). ALT levels were significantly correlated with homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (r = 0.42, P < 0.001), HDL-C (r = -0.31, P < 0.001), Matsuda index (-0.45, P < 0.001), insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2 (-0.26, P = 0.043), and free testosterone (0.38, P < 0.001), but not with fasting glucose and triglyceride levels. ALT cutoff ≥24 IU/L was associated with all these parameters, including fasting glucose (P = 0.021) and triglyceride levels (P = 0.041), and detected more women with the MetS (59.2% vs. 36.1%, P = 0.008) and whole-body insulin resistance (Matsuda index <12.3 L(2)·10/mmol(2), 85.3% vs. 51.9%, P = 0.004). Plasma ALT levels seem to be a strong predictor not only of liver lipotoxicity but also of systemic lipotoxic consequences and hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS. Although it requires validation in another study, an ALT cutoff of ≥24 IU/L may help clinicians identify women with increased metabolic risks.
28339345	0	24	Alanine Aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0001899
28339345	30	36	Marker	T201	C0005516
28339345	40	52	Lipotoxicity	T047	C0039082
28339345	53	65	Consequences	T169	C0686907
28339345	70	87	Hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28339345	91	96	Women	T098	C0043210
28339345	102	127	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	T047	C0032460
28339345	136	143	studies	T062	C2603343
28339345	175	199	Alanine aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0001899
28339345	201	204	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28339345	209	214	women	T098	C0043210
28339345	220	245	polycystic ovary syndrome	T047	C0032460
28339345	247	251	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28339345	267	283	control subjects	T096	C0009932
28339345	285	302	Plasma ALT levels	T059	C1272112
28339345	320	326	marker	T201	C0005516
28339345	330	337	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28339345	338	350	lipotoxicity	T047	C0039082
28339345	408	415	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28339345	448	465	hepatic steatosis	T047	C0015695
28339345	470	477	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28339345	478	496	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
28339345	498	517	Retrospective chart	T170	C0282574
28339345	546	550	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28339345	551	556	women	T098	C0043210
28339345	583	593	ALT levels	T059	C1272112
28339345	610	622	lipotoxicity	T047	C0039082
28339345	623	635	consequences	T169	C0686907
28339345	679	686	fasting	T059	C0428568
28339345	701	728	oral glucose tolerance test	T060	C0029161
28339345	730	735	Women	T098	C0043210
28339345	751	755	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28339345	778	783	years	T079	C0439234
28339345	787	790	age	T032	C0001779
28339345	804	819	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28339345	850	868	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0039082
28339345	870	874	MetS	T047	C0039082
28339345	877	887	ALT levels	T059	C1272112
28339345	923	974	homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance	T059	C3639411
28339345	998	1003	HDL-C	T109,T123	C0023822
28339345	1028	1041	Matsuda index	T170	C0918012
28339345	1062	1099	insulin secretion-sensitivity index-2	T060	C0430022
28339345	1124	1141	free testosterone	T109,T125	C0443483
28339345	1174	1189	fasting glucose	T034	C1261430
28339345	1194	1213	triglyceride levels	T034	C0428475
28339345	1215	1218	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28339345	1287	1302	fasting glucose	T034	C1261430
28339345	1319	1338	triglyceride levels	T034	C0428475
28339345	1370	1375	women	T098	C0043210
28339345	1385	1389	MetS	T047	C0039082
28339345	1423	1452	whole-body insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
28339345	1454	1467	Matsuda index	T170	C0918012
28339345	1520	1537	Plasma ALT levels	T059	C1272112
28339345	1558	1567	predictor	T078	C2698872
28339345	1580	1585	liver	T023	C0023884
28339345	1586	1598	lipotoxicity	T047	C0039082
28339345	1611	1629	systemic lipotoxic	T047	C0039082
28339345	1630	1642	consequences	T169	C0686907
28339345	1647	1664	hyperandrogenemia	T033	C1299574
28339345	1668	1673	women	T098	C0043210
28339345	1679	1683	PCOS	T047	C0032460
28339345	1706	1716	validation	T062	C1519941
28339345	1728	1733	study	T062	C2603343
28339345	1738	1741	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28339345	1770	1780	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28339345	1790	1795	women	T098	C0043210
28339345	1811	1826	metabolic risks	T201	C2321263

28339410|t|Unimanual versus bimanual therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy: Same, same, but different
28339410|a|There is high-level evidence supporting constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) and bimanual therapy for children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Evidence-based intervention includes time -limited, goal-directed, skills-based, intensive blocks of practice based on motor learning theory. Using supporting literature and clinical insight, we provide a theoretical rationale to highlight previously unreported differences between CIMT and bimanual therapy. The current emphasis on total dosage of practice for achieving positive outcomes fails to recognise the influence of other critical concepts within motor learning. Limitations exist in the application of motor learning principles using CIMT due to its unimanual nature. CIMT is effective for development of unimanual actions brought about by implicit learning, however it is difficult to target explicit learning that is required for learning how to use two hands together. Using bimanual therapy, object properties can be adapted to trigger goal-related perceptual and cognitive processes required for children to learn to recognise when two hands are required for task completion. CIMT and bimanual should be viewed as complementary. CIMT could be used to target unimanual actions. Once these actions are established, bimanual therapy could be used for children to learn how to use these actions for bimanual skill development.
28339410	0	33	Unimanual versus bimanual therapy	T061	C0087111
28339410	37	45	children	T100	C0008059
28339410	51	76	unilateral cerebral palsy	T019,T047	C0270805
28339410	113	132	high-level evidence	T078	C3887511
28339410	144	179	constraint-induced movement therapy	T061	C0454279
28339410	181	185	CIMT	T061	C0454279
28339410	191	207	bimanual therapy	T061	C0087111
28339410	212	220	children	T100	C0008059
28339410	226	251	unilateral cerebral palsy	T019,T047	C0270805
28339410	253	280	Evidence-based intervention	T061	C0184661
28339410	290	294	time	T079	C0040223
28339410	290	303	time -limited	T080	C0205556
28339410	305	318	goal-directed	T080	C0205556
28339410	320	332	skills-based	T080	C0205556
28339410	354	362	practice	T041	C0237607
28339410	372	393	motor learning theory	T170	C0870794
28339410	412	422	literature	T170	C0023866
28339410	427	443	clinical insight	T078	C1254370
28339410	458	479	theoretical rationale	T080	C0205556
28339410	535	539	CIMT	T061	C0454279
28339410	544	560	bimanual therapy	T061	C0087111
28339410	586	598	total dosage	T081	C0178602
28339410	602	610	practice	T041	C0237607
28339410	625	633	positive	T033	C1446409
28339410	634	642	outcomes	T033	C1518681
28339410	643	648	fails	T169	C0231175
28339410	666	675	influence	T077	C4054723
28339410	685	702	critical concepts	T078	C0178566
28339410	710	724	motor learning	T038	C4236819
28339410	726	737	Limitations	T169	C0449295
28339410	766	780	motor learning	T038	C4236819
28339410	766	791	motor learning principles	T080	C0205556
28339410	798	802	CIMT	T061	C0454279
28339410	814	830	unimanual nature	T080	C0205556
28339410	832	836	CIMT	T061	C0454279
28339410	869	886	unimanual actions	T039	C0442687
28339410	904	921	implicit learning	T041	C1510548
28339410	950	956	target	T169	C1521840
28339410	957	974	explicit learning	T041	C0023185
28339410	996	1004	learning	T041	C0023185
28339410	1020	1025	hands	T023	C0018563
28339410	1042	1058	bimanual therapy	T061	C0087111
28339410	1060	1077	object properties	T080	C0871161
28339410	1104	1127	goal-related perceptual	T040	C0237434
28339410	1132	1151	cognitive processes	T041	C0871689
28339410	1165	1173	children	T100	C0008059
28339410	1177	1182	learn	T041	C0023185
28339410	1205	1210	hands	T023	C0018563
28339410	1228	1232	task	T057	C3540678
28339410	1233	1243	completion	T080	C0205197
28339410	1245	1249	CIMT	T061	C0454279
28339410	1254	1262	bimanual	T061	C0087111
28339410	1298	1302	CIMT	T061	C0454279
28339410	1320	1326	target	T169	C1521840
28339410	1327	1344	unimanual actions	T039	C0442687
28339410	1357	1364	actions	T039	C0442687
28339410	1382	1398	bimanual therapy	T061	C0087111
28339410	1417	1425	children	T100	C0008059
28339410	1452	1459	actions	T039	C0442687
28339410	1464	1490	bimanual skill development	T033	C0243095

28339928|t|Opioid Use in Chronic Pain Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review
28339928|a|To investigate the prevalence of chronic pain and opioid management among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Systematic review. A systematic search was performed, including citations from 1960 to May 2015. The review highlights methodological quality assessment of the selected studies; prevalence of pain; type, dose, and reason for opioid use; effectiveness of pain control and associated adverse effects of opioids in CKD patients. Twelve of 131 articles met inclusion criteria. There were no randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluable, and 12 were observational studies. Out of 12 studies, four were of high quality, six were of moderate quality, and the remaining two were low - quality studies. The studies were from different countries with sample size ranging from 10 to 12,782. Several studies showed a high prevalence of chronic uncontrolled pain. The effectiveness of different categories of opioids, dose, duration, and commonly prescribed opioids varied across studies. Based on a systematic review of the current literature, there is fair evidence for the high prevalence of chronic pain among patients with CKD, which is not being effectively managed, probably due to underprescription of analgesics or opioids in the CKD population. Clinicians are in need of additional and well-designed randomized control trials that focus on the indications for opioid therapy, appropriate opioid doses and dosing intervals, outcomes with adequacy of symptom control, and reporting on the incidence of adverse side effects.
28339928	0	6	Opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28339928	14	26	Chronic Pain	T184	C0150055
28339928	27	35	Patients	T101	C0030705
28339928	41	63	Chronic Kidney Disease	T047	C1561643
28339928	67	84	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
28339928	104	114	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28339928	118	130	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28339928	135	141	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28339928	142	152	management	T058	C1611232
28339928	159	167	patients	T101	C0030705
28339928	173	195	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
28339928	197	200	CKD	T047	C1561643
28339928	203	220	Systematic review	T170	C1955832
28339928	322	355	methodological quality assessment	UnknownType	C0815254
28339928	372	379	studies	T170	C0085973
28339928	381	391	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28339928	395	399	pain	T184	C0030193
28339928	401	405	type	T080	C0332307
28339928	407	411	dose	T081	C0678766
28339928	428	434	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28339928	440	453	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28339928	457	469	pain control	T061	C1304888
28339928	485	500	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28339928	504	511	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28339928	515	518	CKD	T047	C1561643
28339928	519	527	patients	T101	C0030705
28339928	556	574	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28339928	590	618	randomized controlled trials	T062,T170	C0282440
28339928	620	623	RCT	T062,T170	C0282440
28339928	648	669	observational studies	T170	C3658316
28339928	681	688	studies	T170	C0085973
28339928	703	707	high	T080	C0205250
28339928	708	715	quality	T080	C0332306
28339928	729	737	moderate	T081	C0439536
28339928	738	745	quality	T080	C0332306
28339928	774	777	low	T080	C0205251
28339928	780	787	quality	T080	C0332306
28339928	788	795	studies	T170	C0085973
28339928	801	808	studies	T170	C0085973
28339928	829	838	countries	T083	C0454664
28339928	844	855	sample size	T081	C0242618
28339928	891	898	studies	T170	C0085973
28339928	913	923	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28339928	927	934	chronic	T079	C0205191
28339928	935	952	uncontrolled pain	T184	C0747149
28339928	999	1006	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28339928	1008	1012	dose	T081	C0678766
28339928	1014	1022	duration	T081	C0920470
28339928	1037	1047	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28339928	1048	1055	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28339928	1070	1077	studies	T170	C0085973
28339928	1090	1107	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28339928	1171	1181	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28339928	1185	1197	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28339928	1204	1212	patients	T101	C0030705
28339928	1218	1221	CKD	T047	C1561643
28339928	1279	1296	underprescription	UnknownType	C0679863
28339928	1300	1310	analgesics	T109,T121,T131	C0002771
28339928	1314	1321	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28339928	1329	1332	CKD	T047	C1561643
28339928	1333	1343	population	T081	C2361270
28339928	1345	1355	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
28339928	1400	1425	randomized control trials	T062,T170	C0282440
28339928	1460	1466	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28339928	1467	1474	therapy	T061	C0087111
28339928	1488	1494	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28339928	1495	1500	doses	T081	C0678766
28339928	1505	1511	dosing	T081	C0678766
28339928	1512	1521	intervals	T079	C0031084
28339928	1537	1545	adequacy	T080	C0814633
28339928	1549	1564	symptom control	T061	C1274136
28339928	1600	1620	adverse side effects	T046	C0879626

28340104|t|Personalizing lung cancer risk prediction and imaging follow-up recommendations using the National Lung Screening Trial dataset
28340104|a|To demonstrate a data-driven method for personalizing lung cancer risk prediction using a large clinical dataset. An algorithm was used to categorize nodules found in the first screening year of the National Lung Screening Trial as malignant or nonmalignant. Risk of malignancy for nodules was calculated based on size criteria according to the Fleischner Society recommendations from 2005, along with the additional discriminators of pack-years smoking history, sex, and nodule location. Imaging follow-up recommendations were assigned according to Fleischner size category malignancy risk. Nodule size correlated with malignancy risk as predicted by the Fleischner Society recommendations. With the additional discriminators of smoking history, sex, and nodule location, significant risk stratification was observed. For example, men with ≥60 pack-years smoking history and upper lobe nodules measuring >4 and ≤6 mm demonstrated significantly increased risk of malignancy at 12.4% compared to the mean of 3.81% for similarly sized nodules (P < .0001). Based on personalized malignancy risk, 54% of nodules >4 and ≤6 mm were reclassified to longer-term follow-up than recommended by Fleischner. Twenty-seven percent of nodules ≤4 mm were reclassified to shorter-term follow-up. Using available clinical datasets such as the National Lung Screening Trial in conjunction with locally collected datasets can help clinicians provide more personalized malignancy risk prediction s and follow-up recommendations. By incorporating 3 demographic data points, the risk of lung nodule malignancy within the Fleischner categories can be considerably stratified and more personalized follow-up recommendations can be made.
28340104	0	13	Personalizing	T080	C1881197
28340104	14	25	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
28340104	26	30	risk	T078	C0035647
28340104	31	41	prediction	T078	C0681842
28340104	46	53	imaging	T060	C0011923
28340104	54	63	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28340104	64	79	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28340104	90	127	National Lung Screening Trial dataset	T033	C1298641
28340104	145	163	data-driven method	T080	C3899452
28340104	168	181	personalizing	T080	C1881197
28340104	182	193	lung cancer	T191	C0684249
28340104	194	198	risk	T081	C0596244
28340104	199	209	prediction	T078	C0681842
28340104	218	240	large clinical dataset	T033	C1298641
28340104	245	254	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28340104	267	277	categorize	T052	C0871968
28340104	278	285	nodules	T033	C0034079
28340104	305	314	screening	T060	C0199230
28340104	327	356	National Lung Screening Trial	T033	C1457914
28340104	360	369	malignant	T191	C0006826
28340104	373	385	nonmalignant	T191	C0086692
28340104	387	405	Risk of malignancy	T033	C4040945
28340104	410	417	nodules	T033	C0034079
28340104	422	432	calculated	T052	C1441506
28340104	473	491	Fleischner Society	T094	C0037459
28340104	492	507	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28340104	534	559	additional discriminators	T170	C0439062
28340104	563	589	pack-years smoking history	T033	C2230126
28340104	591	594	sex	T032	C0079399
28340104	600	606	nodule	T020	C0028259
28340104	607	615	location	T082	C0450429
28340104	617	624	Imaging	T060	C0011923
28340104	625	634	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28340104	635	650	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28340104	678	688	Fleischner	T094	C0037459
28340104	694	702	category	T170	C0683312
28340104	703	718	malignancy risk	T033	C0846978
28340104	720	731	Nodule size	T082	C0449457
28340104	732	742	correlated	T080	C1707520
28340104	748	763	malignancy risk	T033	C0846978
28340104	767	776	predicted	T078	C0681842
28340104	784	802	Fleischner Society	T094	C0037459
28340104	803	818	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28340104	829	854	additional discriminators	T170	C0683312
28340104	858	873	smoking history	T033	C1519384
28340104	875	878	sex	T032	C0079399
28340104	884	890	nodule	T020	C0028259
28340104	891	899	location	T082	C0450429
28340104	901	912	significant	T078	C0750502
28340104	913	917	risk	T078	C0035647
28340104	918	932	stratification	T062	C1514983
28340104	937	945	observed	T169	C1441672
28340104	960	999	men with ≥60 pack-years smoking history	T033	C2220256
28340104	1004	1022	upper lobe nodules	T033	C0034079
28340104	1023	1032	measuring	T080	C0444706
28340104	1059	1072	significantly	T078	C0750502
28340104	1073	1101	increased risk of malignancy	T033	C1857701
28340104	1111	1119	compared	T052	C1707455
28340104	1127	1131	mean	T081	C0444504
28340104	1155	1168	sized nodules	T082	C0449457
28340104	1191	1203	personalized	T080	C1881197
28340104	1204	1219	malignancy risk	T033	C0846978
28340104	1228	1235	nodules	T020	C0028259
28340104	1270	1291	longer-term follow-up	T058	C0511422
28340104	1297	1308	recommended	T078	C0034866
28340104	1312	1322	Fleischner	T094	C0037459
28340104	1348	1355	nodules	T020	C0028259
28340104	1367	1379	reclassified	T080	C0205542
28340104	1383	1395	shorter-term	T079	C0443303
28340104	1396	1405	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28340104	1423	1440	clinical datasets	T170	C0150098
28340104	1453	1482	National Lung Screening Trial	T033	C1457914
28340104	1486	1497	conjunction	T078	C2699427
28340104	1503	1510	locally	T082	C1517927
28340104	1511	1520	collected	T078	C1516695
28340104	1521	1529	datasets	T170	C0150098
28340104	1539	1549	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28340104	1563	1575	personalized	T080	C1881197
28340104	1576	1591	malignancy risk	T033	C0846978
28340104	1592	1602	prediction	T078	C0681842
28340104	1609	1618	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28340104	1619	1634	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28340104	1639	1652	incorporating	T169	C0243126
28340104	1655	1678	demographic data points	T058	C0511652
28340104	1684	1714	risk of lung nodule malignancy	T033	C4040945
28340104	1704	1714	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28340104	1726	1736	Fleischner	T094	C0037459
28340104	1737	1747	categories	T170	C0683312
28340104	1768	1778	stratified	T080	C0205363
28340104	1788	1800	personalized	T080	C1881197
28340104	1801	1810	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28340104	1811	1826	recommendations	T078	C0034866

28340260|t|A study on natural recovery of tassel fertilization and doubling method in maize haploids
28340260|a|Doubling method is the technical barriers in maize haploid breeding. It was very important to establish the independent intellectual property rights for doubling method. In this experiment, the maize haploid inducer, TG15, was used for producing maternal haploids. Also, haploids were obtained from two kinds of maternal genotypes involved in the experiment, including high-oil type and common type. Significant differences were observed among offspring of various genotypes in the recovery of haploid fertilization. In 21 hybrid offspring haploids, the average powder rate was 8.28%, and the seed setting rate was 4.98%. The experimental results showed that when the hybrids were treated with 0.08% colchicine, the average powder rate and seed setting rate of offspring haploids were 35.53 and 20.30%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the hybrids with natural recovery ability. This study primarily established the doubling method of haploids called " bud seedling method " in China which was very practicably in maize doubled haploid breeding.
28340260	11	18	natural	T169	C0205296
28340260	19	27	recovery	T052	C0237820
28340260	31	37	tassel	T002	C2717856
28340260	38	51	fertilization	T040	C0015914
28340260	56	71	doubling method	T062	C0242481
28340260	75	80	maize	T002	C0010028
28340260	81	89	haploids	T025	C1257912
28340260	90	105	Doubling method	T062	C0242481
28340260	135	140	maize	T002	C0010028
28340260	141	148	haploid	T025	C1257912
28340260	149	157	breeding	T040	C4042898
28340260	184	193	establish	T080	C0443211
28340260	210	238	intellectual property rights	T170	C2697756
28340260	243	258	doubling method	T062	C0242481
28340260	268	278	experiment	T062	C0681814
28340260	284	289	maize	T002	C0010028
28340260	290	297	haploid	T025	C1257912
28340260	298	305	inducer	T167	C3898767
28340260	307	311	TG15	T167	C3898767
28340260	336	344	maternal	T045	C4277511
28340260	345	353	haploids	T025	C1257912
28340260	361	369	haploids	T025	C1257912
28340260	402	410	maternal	T045	C4277511
28340260	411	420	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28340260	437	447	experiment	T062	C0681814
28340260	459	472	high-oil type	T080	C0332307
28340260	477	488	common type	T080	C0332307
28340260	490	501	Significant	T078	C0750502
28340260	502	513	differences	T081	C1705241
28340260	534	543	offspring	T099	C0314650
28340260	555	564	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28340260	572	580	recovery	T052	C0237820
28340260	584	591	haploid	T025	C1257912
28340260	592	605	fertilization	T040	C0015914
28340260	613	619	hybrid	T001	C0020205
28340260	620	629	offspring	T099	C0314650
28340260	630	638	haploids	T025	C1257912
28340260	644	663	average powder rate	T081	C1521828
28340260	683	700	seed setting rate	T081	C1521828
28340260	716	736	experimental results	T033	C2825142
28340260	758	765	hybrids	T001	C0020205
28340260	771	783	treated with	T061	C0332293
28340260	790	800	colchicine	T109,T121	C0009262
28340260	806	825	average powder rate	T081	C1521828
28340260	830	847	seed setting rate	T081	C1521828
28340260	851	860	offspring	T099	C0314650
28340260	861	869	haploids	T025	C1257912
28340260	918	938	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28340260	948	955	hybrids	T001	C0020205
28340260	961	968	natural	T169	C0205296
28340260	969	977	recovery	T052	C0237820
28340260	1008	1019	established	T080	C0443211
28340260	1024	1039	doubling method	T062	C0242481
28340260	1043	1051	haploids	T025	C1257912
28340260	1061	1080	bud seedling method	T062	C0242481
28340260	1086	1091	China	T083	C0008115
28340260	1122	1127	maize	T002	C0010028
28340260	1136	1143	haploid	T025	C1257912
28340260	1144	1152	breeding	T040	C4042898

28340463|t|Hypoxia and hydrogen sulfide differentially affect normal and tumor-derived vascular endothelium
28340463|a|endothelial cells play a key role in vessels formation both under physiological and pathological conditions. Their behavior is influenced by blood components including gasotransmitters (H2S, NO and CO). Tumor cells are subjected to a cyclic shift between pro-oxidative and hypoxic state and, in this scenario, H2S can be both cytoprotective and detrimental depending on its concentration. H2S effects on tumors onset and development is scarcely studied, particularly concerning tumor angiogenesis. We previously demonstrated that H2S is proangiogenic for tumoral but not for normal endothelium and this may represent a target for antiangiogenic therapeutical strategies. in this work, we investigate cell viability, migration and tubulogenesis on human EC derived from two different tumors, breast and renal carcinoma (BTEC and RTEC), compared to normal microvascular endothelium (HMEC) under oxidative stress, hypoxia and treatment with exogenous H2S. all EC types are similarly sensitive to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide; chemical hypoxia differentially affects endothelial viability, that results unaltered by real hypoxia. H2S neither affects cell viability nor prevents hypoxia and H2O2 - induced damage. Endothelial migration is enhanced by hypoxia, while tubulogenesis is inhibited for all EC types. H2S acts differentially on EC migration and tubulogenesis. these data provide evidence for a great variability of normal and altered endothelium in response to the environmental conditions.
28340463	0	7	Hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28340463	12	28	hydrogen sulfide	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
28340463	29	43	differentially	T080	C0205556
28340463	51	57	normal	T080	C0205307
28340463	62	75	tumor-derived	T169	C1519667
28340463	76	96	vascular endothelium	T024	C0014261
28340463	97	114	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28340463	126	130	role	T170	C3871154
28340463	134	151	vessels formation	T042	C0302600
28340463	163	176	physiological	T039	C0031845
28340463	181	204	pathological conditions	T046	C0752135
28340463	212	220	behavior	T053	C0004927
28340463	224	234	influenced	T077	C4054723
28340463	238	254	blood components	T031	C0450129
28340463	265	281	gasotransmitters	T123,T197	C3658238
28340463	283	286	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
28340463	288	290	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28340463	295	297	CO	T131,T197	C0007018
28340463	300	311	Tumor cells	T025	C0431085
28340463	331	343	cyclic shift	T043	C0007586
28340463	352	365	pro-oxidative	T169	C0311404
28340463	370	383	hypoxic state	T046	C0242184
28340463	397	405	scenario	T169	C0683579
28340463	407	410	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
28340463	423	437	cytoprotective	T080	C0205556
28340463	442	453	detrimental	T080	C0205556
28340463	471	484	concentration	T081	C1446561
28340463	486	489	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
28340463	490	497	effects	T080	C1280500
28340463	501	507	tumors	T191	C0027651
28340463	508	513	onset	T080	C0332162
28340463	518	529	development	T191	C0598934
28340463	542	549	studied	T062	C2603343
28340463	564	574	concerning	T078	C2699424
28340463	575	593	tumor angiogenesis	T191	C1519670
28340463	627	630	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
28340463	634	647	proangiogenic	T123	C0002976
28340463	652	659	tumoral	T191	C0027651
28340463	672	678	normal	T080	C0205307
28340463	679	690	endothelium	T024	C0014257
28340463	704	713	represent	T052	C1882932
28340463	716	722	target	T169	C1521840
28340463	727	766	antiangiogenic therapeutical strategies	T061	C2363719
28340463	785	796	investigate	T169	C1292732
28340463	797	811	cell viability	T043	C0007620
28340463	813	822	migration	T043	C1622501
28340463	827	840	tubulogenesis	T042	C1658143
28340463	844	849	human	T016	C0086418
28340463	850	852	EC	T025	C0225336
28340463	853	860	derived	T080	C1441547
28340463	870	879	different	T080	C1705242
28340463	880	886	tumors	T191	C0027651
28340463	888	894	breast	T191	C0006142
28340463	899	914	renal carcinoma	T191	C1378703
28340463	916	920	BTEC	T025	C1512505
28340463	925	929	RTEC	T025	C0334227
28340463	944	950	normal	T080	C0205307
28340463	951	964	microvascular	T169	C0443258
28340463	965	976	endothelium	T024	C0014257
28340463	978	982	HMEC	T025	C0225336
28340463	990	1006	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28340463	1008	1015	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28340463	1020	1029	treatment	T061	C0087111
28340463	1035	1044	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28340463	1045	1048	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
28340463	1054	1056	EC	T025	C0225336
28340463	1067	1076	similarly	T080	C2348205
28340463	1077	1086	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28340463	1090	1106	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28340463	1107	1114	induced	T169	C0205263
28340463	1118	1135	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28340463	1137	1153	chemical hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28340463	1154	1168	differentially	T080	C0205556
28340463	1177	1198	endothelial viability	T043	C0007620
28340463	1205	1212	results	T033	C0683954
28340463	1231	1238	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28340463	1240	1243	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
28340463	1260	1274	cell viability	T043	C0007620
28340463	1279	1287	prevents	T169	C1292733
28340463	1288	1295	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28340463	1300	1304	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28340463	1307	1314	induced	T169	C0205263
28340463	1315	1321	damage	T169	C1883709
28340463	1323	1344	Endothelial migration	T043	C1624612
28340463	1348	1356	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28340463	1360	1367	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28340463	1375	1388	tubulogenesis	T042	C1658143
28340463	1392	1401	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28340463	1410	1412	EC	T025	C0225336
28340463	1420	1423	H2S	T130,T131,T197	C0020282
28340463	1429	1443	differentially	T080	C0205556
28340463	1447	1449	EC	T025	C0225336
28340463	1450	1459	migration	T043	C1622501
28340463	1464	1477	tubulogenesis	T042	C1658143
28340463	1485	1489	data	T078	C1511726
28340463	1498	1506	evidence	T078	C3887511
28340463	1519	1530	variability	T077	C2827666
28340463	1534	1540	normal	T080	C0205307
28340463	1553	1564	endothelium	T024	C0014257
28340463	1568	1576	response	T032	C0871261
28340463	1584	1597	environmental	T082	C0014406
28340463	1598	1608	conditions	T080	C0348080

28340485|t|An approach for liposome immobilization using sterically stabilized micelles (SSMs) as a precursor for bio-layer interferometry - based interaction studies
28340485|a|Non-fluidic bio-layer interferometry (BLI) has rapidly become a standard tool for monitoring almost all biomolecular interactions in a label-free, real-time and high-throughput manner. High - efficiency screening methods which measure the kinetics of liposomes with a variety of compounds require the immobilization of liposomes. In this work, a method is described for immobilizing liposomes for interaction studies, based on the biophysical principles of this biosensor platform. The immobilization approach includes the loading of DSPE-PEG(2000) - biotin containing sterically stabilized micelles (SSMs) which are restructured in a buffer change step, resulting in an accessible substrate for liposome immobilization. Liposomes in a concentration of 5mM of varying composition and fluidity were immobilized on the sensor surface by inserting the hydrophobic residues of the former loaded SSMs. This proof of principle was carried out using Cytochrome C as a membrane-interacting model protein. The binding of Cytochrome C to the immobilized liposomes was demonstrated, and the derived kinetic and affinity constants were similar to values given in the literature. In order to obtain a detailed understanding of this surface, and to show the integrity of the liposomes, confocal fluorescence microscopy was used. Images of immobilized liposomes containing calcein in the aqueous core indicated intact vesicles. A combination of this simple liposome immobilization approach, the possibility of automation on BLI systems with high throughput within an acceptable timescale and excellent reproducibility makes this assay suitable for basic research as well as for industrial and regulatory applications.
28340485	16	24	liposome	T109	C0023828
28340485	25	39	immobilization	T061	C0020944
28340485	46	67	sterically stabilized	T080	C0205556
28340485	68	76	micelles	T109	C0025938
28340485	78	82	SSMs	T109	C0025938
28340485	89	98	precursor	T078	C1709634
28340485	103	127	bio-layer interferometry	T059	C0021730
28340485	130	135	based	T169	C1527178
28340485	136	147	interaction	T169	C1704675
28340485	148	155	studies	T062	C2603343
28340485	156	167	Non-fluidic	T080	C0205556
28340485	168	192	bio-layer interferometry	T059	C0021730
28340485	194	197	BLI	T059	C0021730
28340485	203	210	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28340485	220	228	standard	T080	C1442989
28340485	238	248	monitoring	T057	C0005517
28340485	260	272	biomolecular	T080	C0205556
28340485	273	285	interactions	T169	C1704675
28340485	291	301	label-free	T080	C0205556
28340485	303	312	real-time	T079	C1550177
28340485	317	332	high-throughput	T080	C0205556
28340485	341	345	High	T080	C0205250
28340485	348	358	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28340485	359	376	screening methods	T059	C0022885
28340485	383	390	measure	T081	C0079809
28340485	395	403	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28340485	407	416	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28340485	424	431	variety	T077	C2346866
28340485	435	444	compounds	T103	C1706082
28340485	457	471	immobilization	T061	C0020944
28340485	475	484	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28340485	502	508	method	T169	C0449851
28340485	512	521	described	T078	C1552738
28340485	526	538	immobilizing	T061	C0020944
28340485	539	548	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28340485	553	564	interaction	T169	C1704675
28340485	565	572	studies	T062	C2603343
28340485	574	579	based	T169	C1527178
28340485	587	609	biophysical principles	T070	C2350452
28340485	618	627	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28340485	628	636	platform	T075	C1710360
28340485	642	656	immobilization	T061	C0020944
28340485	666	674	includes	T169	C0332257
28340485	679	686	loading	T052	C1708715
28340485	690	704	DSPE-PEG(2000)	T109	C0664515
28340485	707	713	biotin	T109,T121,T127	C0005575
28340485	725	746	sterically stabilized	T080	C0205556
28340485	747	755	micelles	T109	C0025938
28340485	757	761	SSMs	T109	C0025938
28340485	773	785	restructured	T080	C0205556
28340485	791	804	buffer change	T080	C0205556
28340485	811	823	resulting in	T169	C0332294
28340485	838	847	substrate	T167	C3891814
28340485	852	860	liposome	T109	C0023828
28340485	861	875	immobilization	T061	C0020944
28340485	877	886	Liposomes	T109	C0023828
28340485	892	905	concentration	T081	C1446561
28340485	924	935	composition	T201	C0486616
28340485	940	948	fluidity	T081	C0596579
28340485	954	965	immobilized	T061	C0020944
28340485	973	979	sensor	T075	C0600364
28340485	980	987	surface	T082	C0205148
28340485	1005	1016	hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
28340485	1017	1025	residues	T077	C1709915
28340485	1033	1039	former	T079	C0205156
28340485	1047	1051	SSMs	T109	C0025938
28340485	1099	1111	Cytochrome C	T116,T126	C0010749
28340485	1117	1137	membrane-interacting	T080	C0205556
28340485	1144	1151	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28340485	1157	1164	binding	T044	C0033618
28340485	1168	1180	Cytochrome C	T116,T126	C0010749
28340485	1188	1199	immobilized	T061	C0020944
28340485	1200	1209	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28340485	1244	1251	kinetic	T070	C0022702
28340485	1256	1264	affinity	T070	C1510827
28340485	1265	1274	constants	T081	C1547014
28340485	1280	1287	similar	T080	C2348205
28340485	1291	1297	values	T080	C0042295
28340485	1311	1321	literature	T170	C0023866
28340485	1344	1352	detailed	T080	C1522508
28340485	1353	1366	understanding	T041	C0162340
28340485	1375	1382	surface	T082	C0205148
28340485	1400	1409	integrity	T080	C1947912
28340485	1417	1426	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28340485	1428	1460	confocal fluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
28340485	1481	1492	immobilized	T061	C0020944
28340485	1493	1502	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28340485	1503	1513	containing	T169	C0332256
28340485	1514	1521	calcein	T109,T130	C0060549
28340485	1529	1536	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28340485	1537	1541	core	T082	C0444669
28340485	1542	1551	indicated	T033	C1444656
28340485	1552	1558	intact	T080	C0205266
28340485	1559	1567	vesicles	T026	C1622418
28340485	1571	1582	combination	T080	C0205195
28340485	1598	1606	liposome	T109	C0023828
28340485	1607	1621	immobilization	T061	C0020944
28340485	1651	1661	automation	T066	C0004376
28340485	1665	1668	BLI	T059	C0021730
28340485	1669	1676	systems	T169	C0449913
28340485	1682	1697	high throughput	T080	C0205556
28340485	1708	1718	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28340485	1733	1742	excellent	T080	C1961136
28340485	1743	1758	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
28340485	1770	1775	assay	T059	C0005507
28340485	1776	1784	suitable	T080	C3900053
28340485	1795	1803	research	T062	C0035168
28340485	1819	1829	industrial	T169	C0868973
28340485	1834	1857	regulatory applications	T170	C2347934

28340580|t|Toll-like receptors genes polymorphisms and the occurrence of HCMV infection among pregnant women
28340580|a|Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common cause of intrauterine infections worldwide. The toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been reported as important factors in immune response against HCMV. Particularly, TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 have been shown to be involved in antiviral immunity. Evaluation of the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), located within TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 genes, in the development of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in pregnant women and their fetuses and neonates, was performed. The study was performed for 131 pregnant women, including 66 patients infected with HCMV during pregnancy, and 65 age - matched control pregnant individuals. The patients were selected to the study, based on serological status of anti-HCMV IgG and IgM antibodies and on the presence of viral DNA in their body fluids. Genotypes in TLR2 2258 A > G, TLR4 896 G > A and 1196 C > T and TLR9 2848 G > A SNPs were determined by self-designed nested PCR - RFLP assays. Randomly selected PCR products, representative for distinct genotypes in TLR SNPs, were confirmed by sequencing. A relationship between the genotypes, alleles, haplotypes and multiple variants in the studied polymorphisms, and the occurrence of HCMV infection in pregnant women and their offsprings, was determined, using a logistic regression model. Genotypes in all the analyzed polymorphisms preserved the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in pregnant women, both infected and uninfected with HCMV (P > 0.050). G G homozygotic and G A heterozygotic status in TLR9 2848 G > A SNP decreased significantly the occurrence of HCMV infection (OR 0.44 95% CI 0.21-0.94 in the dominant model, P ≤ 0.050). The G allele in TLR9 SNP was significantly more frequent among the uninfected pregnant women than among the infected ones (χ(2) = 4.14, P ≤ 0.050). Considering other polymorphisms, similar frequencies of distinct genotypes, haplotypes and multiple-SNP variants were observed between the studied groups of patients. TLR9 2848 G > A SNP may be associated with HCMV infection in pregnant women.
28340580	0	19	Toll-like receptors	T116,T192	C0670896
28340580	20	39	genes polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28340580	48	58	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28340580	62	76	HCMV infection	T047	C0010823
28340580	83	97	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28340580	98	119	Human cytomegalovirus	T005	C3810552
28340580	121	125	HCMV	T005	C3810552
28340580	146	151	cause	T169	C0015127
28340580	155	178	intrauterine infections	T047	C1112157
28340580	194	213	toll-like receptors	T116,T192	C0670896
28340580	215	219	TLRs	T116,T192	C0670896
28340580	243	260	important factors	T169	C1521761
28340580	264	279	immune response	T042	C0301872
28340580	288	292	HCMV	T005	C3810552
28340580	308	312	TLR2	T028	C1336634
28340580	314	318	TLR4	T028	C1336636
28340580	323	327	TLR9	T028	C1423633
28340580	350	358	involved	T169	C1314939
28340580	362	380	antiviral immunity	T039	C0020964
28340580	382	392	Evaluation	T078	C1550157
28340580	408	439	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28340580	441	445	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28340580	448	462	located within	T082	C0332285
28340580	463	467	TLR2	T028	C1336634
28340580	469	473	TLR4	T028	C1336636
28340580	478	488	TLR9 genes	T028	C1423633
28340580	497	508	development	T169	C1527148
28340580	512	550	human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection	T047	C0010823
28340580	554	568	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28340580	579	586	fetuses	T018	C0015965
28340580	591	599	neonates	T100	C0021289
28340580	605	614	performed	T169	C0884358
28340580	630	639	performed	T169	C0884358
28340580	648	662	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28340580	677	685	patients	T101	C0030705
28340580	686	694	infected	T033	C0439663
28340580	700	704	HCMV	T005	C3810552
28340580	712	721	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28340580	730	733	age	T032	C0001779
28340580	736	743	matched	T096	C0024908
28340580	744	751	control	T096	C0009932
28340580	752	772	pregnant individuals	T098	C0033011
28340580	778	786	patients	T101	C0030705
28340580	792	800	selected	T052	C1707391
28340580	824	842	serological status	T169	C0220911
28340580	846	859	anti-HCMV IgG	T116,T129	C0369080
28340580	864	878	IgM antibodies	T116,T129	C0369081
28340580	902	911	viral DNA	T114	C0012939
28340580	921	932	body fluids	T031	C0005889
28340580	934	943	Genotypes	T032	C0017431
28340580	947	951	TLR2	T028	C1336634
28340580	957	958	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28340580	961	962	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28340580	964	968	TLR4	T028	C1336636
28340580	973	974	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28340580	977	978	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28340580	988	989	C	T114	C0010715
28340580	992	993	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28340580	998	1002	TLR9	T028	C1423633
28340580	1008	1009	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28340580	1012	1013	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28340580	1014	1018	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28340580	1038	1062	self-designed nested PCR	T063	C0242574
28340580	1065	1076	RFLP assays	T059	C0200930
28340580	1096	1099	PCR	T063	C0032520
28340580	1100	1108	products	T071	C1514468
28340580	1138	1147	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28340580	1155	1159	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28340580	1179	1189	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28340580	1193	1205	relationship	T080	C0439849
28340580	1218	1227	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28340580	1229	1236	alleles	T028	C0002085
28340580	1238	1248	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
28340580	1253	1270	multiple variants	T028	C0678941
28340580	1286	1299	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28340580	1309	1319	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28340580	1323	1337	HCMV infection	T047	C0010823
28340580	1341	1355	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28340580	1366	1376	offsprings	T099	C0680063
28340580	1402	1427	logistic regression model	UnknownType	C0681925
28340580	1429	1438	Genotypes	T032	C0017431
28340580	1450	1472	analyzed polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
28340580	1487	1513	Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium	T077	C1881032
28340580	1517	1531	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28340580	1538	1546	infected	T033	C0439663
28340580	1567	1571	HCMV	T005	C3810552
28340580	1585	1586	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28340580	1587	1588	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28340580	1589	1600	homozygotic	T032	C0019904
28340580	1605	1606	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28340580	1607	1608	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28340580	1609	1622	heterozygotic	T032	C0019425
28340580	1633	1637	TLR9	T028	C1423633
28340580	1643	1644	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28340580	1647	1648	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28340580	1649	1652	SNP	T086	C0752046
28340580	1653	1662	decreased	T081	C0205216
28340580	1681	1691	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28340580	1695	1709	HCMV infection	T047	C0010823
28340580	1711	1713	OR	T081	C0028873
28340580	1723	1725	CI	T081	C0009667
28340580	1743	1757	dominant model	T170	C0026343
28340580	1775	1776	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28340580	1777	1783	allele	T028	C0002085
28340580	1787	1791	TLR9	T028	C1423633
28340580	1792	1795	SNP	T086	C0752046
28340580	1819	1827	frequent	T079	C0332183
28340580	1849	1863	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28340580	1879	1887	infected	T033	C0439663
28340580	1937	1950	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28340580	1960	1971	frequencies	T081	C0017270
28340580	1984	1993	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28340580	1995	2005	haplotypes	T032	C0018591
28340580	2010	2031	multiple-SNP variants	T028	C0678941
28340580	2058	2072	studied groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28340580	2076	2084	patients	T101	C0030705
28340580	2086	2090	TLR9	T028	C1423633
28340580	2096	2097	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28340580	2100	2101	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28340580	2102	2105	SNP	T086	C0752046
28340580	2113	2128	associated with	T080	C0332281
28340580	2129	2143	HCMV infection	T047	C0010823
28340580	2147	2161	pregnant women	T098	C0033011

28341038|t|Acute Gout Following Dermofasciectomy in a Patient With Dupuytren Disease
28341038|a|A 62- year - old man underwent uncomplicated dermofasciectomy of the right little finger. In the week after surgery, he presented with erythema, tenderness, reduced range of movement, and a chalklike discharge from the suture line. Investigations revealed a raised serum urate level accompanied with a borderline rise in inflammatory markers. A diagnosis of acute gout was made. The patient was managed with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinicians should consider the diagnosis of gout when patients present after surgery with redness, pain, and swelling and also consider measuring urate levels before surgery and initiating colchicine prophylaxis when there is a known diagnosis of gout before surgery. Accurate diagnosis may prevent unnecessary antibiotic use.
28341038	0	10	Acute Gout	T047	C2062908
28341038	21	37	Dermofasciectomy	T061	C3872902
28341038	43	50	Patient	T101	C0030705
28341038	56	73	Dupuytren Disease	T047	C0013312
28341038	80	84	year	T079	C0439234
28341038	87	90	old	T079	C0580836
28341038	91	94	man	T098	C0025266
28341038	119	135	dermofasciectomy	T061	C3872902
28341038	143	162	right little finger	T023	C0934769
28341038	171	175	week	T079	C0439230
28341038	182	189	surgery	T061	C0543467
28341038	209	217	erythema	T047	C0041834
28341038	219	229	tenderness	T184	C0234233
28341038	231	256	reduced range of movement	T033	C0231589
28341038	264	283	chalklike discharge	T031	C0012621
28341038	293	304	suture line	T029	C1563019
28341038	332	338	raised	T080	C0442818
28341038	339	356	serum urate level	T059	C0455272
28341038	376	386	borderline	T080	C0205189
28341038	387	415	rise in inflammatory markers	T033	C3276087
28341038	419	428	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28341038	432	442	acute gout	T047	C2062908
28341038	457	464	patient	T101	C0030705
28341038	482	518	nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs	T121	C0003211
28341038	520	530	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
28341038	551	560	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28341038	564	568	gout	T047	C0018099
28341038	574	582	patients	T101	C0030705
28341038	597	604	surgery	T061	C0543467
28341038	610	617	redness	T033	C0332575
28341038	619	623	pain	T184	C0030193
28341038	629	637	swelling	T033	C0038999
28341038	656	665	measuring	T080	C0444706
28341038	666	678	urate levels	T033	C0729829
28341038	686	693	surgery	T061	C0543467
28341038	698	708	initiating	T169	C1704686
28341038	709	719	colchicine	T109,T121	C0009262
28341038	720	731	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
28341038	754	763	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28341038	767	771	gout	T047	C0018099
28341038	779	786	surgery	T061	C0543467
28341038	797	806	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28341038	811	818	prevent	T052	C1947925
28341038	831	841	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28341038	842	845	use	T169	C0457083

28341065|t|Recommendations for CSF AD biomarkers in the diagnostic evaluation of dementia
28341065|a|This article presents recommendations, based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method, for the clinical application of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β1-42, tau, and phosphorylated tau in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with dementia. The recommendations were developed by a multidisciplinary working group based on the available evidence and consensus from focused discussions for (i) identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the cause of dementia, (ii) prediction of rate of decline, (iii) cost-effectiveness, and (iv) interpretation of results. The working group found sufficient evidence to support a recommendation to use CSF AD biomarkers as a supplement to clinical evaluation, particularly in uncertain and atypical cases, to identify or exclude AD as the cause of dementia. Because of insufficient evidence, it was uncertain whether CSF AD biomarkers outperform imaging biomarkers. Operational recommendations for the interpretation of ambiguous CSF biomarker results were also provided.
28341065	0	15	Recommendations	T078	C0034866
28341065	20	23	CSF	T031	C0007806
28341065	24	26	AD	T047	C0002395
28341065	27	37	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28341065	45	55	diagnostic	T060	C0430022
28341065	56	66	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28341065	70	78	dementia	T048	C0497327
28341065	84	91	article	T170	C1706852
28341065	101	116	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28341065	131	138	Grading	T185	C0441800
28341065	142	157	Recommendations	T078	C0034866
28341065	159	169	Assessment	T058	C0220825
28341065	171	182	Development	T169	C1527148
28341065	188	205	Evaluation method	T062	C2911685
28341065	215	235	clinical application	T058	C4084924
28341065	239	258	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
28341065	260	263	CSF	T031	C0007806
28341065	265	278	amyloid-β1-42	T116,T123	C0169424
28341065	280	283	tau	T116,T123	C0085401
28341065	289	303	phosphorylated	T116	C1519061
28341065	304	307	tau	T116,T123	C0085401
28341065	315	325	diagnostic	T060	C0430022
28341065	326	336	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28341065	340	348	patients	T101	C0030705
28341065	354	362	dementia	T048	C0497327
28341065	368	383	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28341065	404	421	multidisciplinary	T057	C0242479
28341065	422	435	working group	T098	C1883562
28341065	459	467	evidence	T078	C3887511
28341065	472	481	consensus	T054	C0376298
28341065	515	529	identification	UnknownType	C0679807
28341065	533	552	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28341065	554	556	AD	T047	C0002395
28341065	565	570	cause	UnknownType	C0679233
28341065	574	582	dementia	T048	C0497327
28341065	589	599	prediction	T078	C0681842
28341065	603	607	rate	T081	C1521828
28341065	611	618	decline	T046	C0234985
28341065	626	644	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
28341065	655	680	interpretation of results	T058	C3526596
28341065	686	699	working group	T098	C1883562
28341065	717	725	evidence	T078	C3887511
28341065	739	753	recommendation	T078	C0034866
28341065	761	764	CSF	T031	C0007806
28341065	765	767	AD	T047	C0002395
28341065	768	778	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28341065	784	794	supplement	T169	C2348609
28341065	798	806	clinical	T062	C0008972
28341065	807	817	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28341065	835	844	uncertain	T033	C0087130
28341065	849	857	atypical	T080	C0205182
28341065	858	863	cases	T077	C1706256
28341065	888	890	AD	T047	C0002395
28341065	898	903	cause	UnknownType	C0679233
28341065	907	915	dementia	T048	C0497327
28341065	941	949	evidence	T078	C3887511
28341065	958	967	uncertain	T033	C0087130
28341065	976	979	CSF	T031	C0007806
28341065	980	982	AD	T047	C0002395
28341065	983	993	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28341065	994	1004	outperform	T169	C0884358
28341065	1005	1023	imaging biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28341065	1025	1036	Operational	T062	C0683955
28341065	1037	1052	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28341065	1061	1075	interpretation	T169	C1285553
28341065	1079	1088	ambiguous	T080	C2346729
28341065	1089	1092	CSF	T031	C0007806
28341065	1093	1102	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28341065	1103	1110	results	T033	C0683954

28341154|t|The short-term effects of farmed fish food consumed by wild fish congregating outside the farms
28341154|a|We simulated in the laboratory the possible effects on fatty acids and immune status of wild fish arriving for the first time in the vicinity of a sea-cage fish farm, shifting their natural diet to commercial feed consumption, rich in fatty acids of vegetable origin. The flesh fatty acid profile of golden mullet specimens was altered after 2weeks of commercial feed consumption, showing an increase in fatty acids of vegetable origin. The serum peroxidase and bactericidal activities, and head-kidney leucocyte phagocytic capacity, increased after eight weeks of the new diet, while the respiratory burst activity decreased. The extent of these changes cannot be considered large enough to regard them as compromising the health status of fish. More research is needed in order to elucidate whether the rapid assimilation of the dietary fatty acids could harm the immune status of fish when feeding for longer periods than two months.
28341154	4	22	short-term effects	T079	C0443303
28341154	26	37	farmed fish	T013	C0016163
28341154	38	51	food consumed	T168	C0016452
28341154	55	64	wild fish	T013	C0016163
28341154	90	95	farms	T092	C4279960
28341154	116	126	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28341154	140	147	effects	T080	C1280500
28341154	151	162	fatty acids	T168	C0597423
28341154	167	180	immune status	T201	C1277676
28341154	184	193	wild fish	T013	C0016163
28341154	229	237	vicinity	T082	C1254362
28341154	243	261	sea-cage fish farm	T092	C4279960
28341154	278	290	natural diet	T168	C0012155
28341154	294	304	commercial	T170	C0680536
28341154	305	321	feed consumption	T052	C2983605
28341154	323	342	rich in fatty acids	T033	C0425441
28341154	346	362	vegetable origin	T168	C0042440
28341154	368	384	flesh fatty acid	T168	C0597423
28341154	396	409	golden mullet	T013	C1013807
28341154	410	419	specimens	T185	C1705920
28341154	448	458	commercial	T170	C0680536
28341154	459	475	feed consumption	T052	C2983605
28341154	500	511	fatty acids	T168	C0597423
28341154	515	531	vegetable origin	T168	C0042440
28341154	537	553	serum peroxidase	T059	C2317920
28341154	558	581	bactericidal activities	T039	C0544570
28341154	587	598	head-kidney	T023	C3178921
28341154	599	608	leucocyte	T025	C0023516
28341154	609	619	phagocytic	T025	C0031307
28341154	620	628	capacity	T081	C1516240
28341154	630	639	increased	T081	C0205217
28341154	665	673	new diet	T168	C0012155
28341154	685	711	respiratory burst activity	T043	C0085416
28341154	712	721	decreased	T081	C0205216
28341154	743	750	changes	T033	C3671772
28341154	820	833	health status	T080	C0018759
28341154	837	841	fish	T013	C0016163
28341154	907	919	assimilation	T047	C1411892
28341154	927	946	dietary fatty acids	T109,T168	C0012171
28341154	947	957	could harm	T033	C0243095
28341154	962	975	immune status	T201	C1277676
28341154	979	983	fish	T013	C0016163
28341154	989	996	feeding	T052	C2987508
28341154	1001	1007	longer	T080	C0205166
28341154	1008	1015	periods	T079	C1948053

28341156|t|Long-range interactions between protein - coated particles and POEGMA brush layers in a serum environment
28341156|a|Hydrophilic poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl methacrylate] (POEGMA) brush layers with different thickness and graft densities were prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) to construct a model surface to examine protein - surface interactions in a serum environment. The thickness of the POEGMA brush layers could be well controlled by the polymerization time and density of the immobilized initiators. The interactions between these brush - modified surfaces and the protein - coated polystyrene (PS) particles in newborn calf serum (NBCS) environment were then measured by total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM). In addition, protein adsorption properties onto the polymer brush surface layers were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Relatively large amounts of protein adsorbed to short (4nm and 9nm-thick) POEGMA - coated surfaces or surfaces grafted with a low density of polymer chains. It was considered that shorter polymer chains or chains with low grafted density cannot fully cover the surfaces, proteins in serum could directly interact with the material surface and then deposited to form an adsorbed layer. The TIRM measurements showed that such adsorbed protein layer could mediate the interactions between the two surfaces by generating steric or bridging forces, resulting in different interaction potentials. Some particles were freely diffusing, some experienced intermittent diffusion and more than 50% of particles were irreversibly deposited to the surfaces covered by short polymer brushes. However, for longer (17 and 30nm-thick) POEGMA brush layer surfaces, material surface would be sufficiently covered by the dense coating and the first step of protein adsorption on surface was avoided. TIRM measurements showed that around 95% of the protein - coated particles could freely move in the serum and no attractive force between two surfaces was detected. The steric repulsion generated from the long POEGMA brush layer in the swollen state was long-range and strong so that the protein adsorption is very unlikely. These results concluded that the adsorbed protein layer on POEGMA surfaces plays an important role in regulating the interaction between protein - coated particles and POEGMA surfaces which are highly repellent toward protein adsorption.
28341156	0	23	Long-range interactions	T169	C1704675
28341156	32	39	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	42	48	coated	T080	C1522408
28341156	49	58	particles	T104	C0597177
28341156	63	75	POEGMA brush	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	76	82	layers	T080	C1522408
28341156	88	105	serum environment	T031	C0229671
28341156	106	181	Hydrophilic poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl methacrylate] (POEGMA) brush	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	182	188	layers	T080	C1522408
28341156	204	213	thickness	T080	C1280412
28341156	218	223	graft	T169	C0205245
28341156	224	233	densities	T081	C0178587
28341156	239	247	prepared	T033	C4082130
28341156	251	305	surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization	T067	C0314672
28341156	307	314	SI-ATRP	T067	C0314672
28341156	331	336	model	T170	C3161035
28341156	337	344	surface	T082	C0205148
28341156	356	363	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	366	373	surface	T082	C0205148
28341156	374	386	interactions	T169	C1704675
28341156	392	409	serum environment	T031	C0229671
28341156	415	424	thickness	T080	C1280412
28341156	432	444	POEGMA brush	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	445	451	layers	T080	C1522408
28341156	484	498	polymerization	T067	C0314672
28341156	499	503	time	T079	C0040223
28341156	508	515	density	T081	C0178587
28341156	523	545	immobilized initiators	T067	C0175921
28341156	551	563	interactions	T169	C1704675
28341156	578	583	brush	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	586	594	modified	T169	C0392747
28341156	595	603	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28341156	612	619	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	622	628	coated	T080	C1522408
28341156	629	640	polystyrene	T109,T122	C0032604
28341156	642	644	PS	T109,T122	C0032604
28341156	646	655	particles	T104	C0597177
28341156	659	666	newborn	T008	C0003065
28341156	667	671	calf	T015	C3668829
28341156	672	696	serum (NBCS) environment	T031	C0229671
28341156	707	715	measured	T080	C0444706
28341156	719	755	total internal reflection microscopy	T059	C0026018
28341156	757	761	TIRM	T059	C0026018
28341156	777	784	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	785	806	adsorption properties	T080	C0871161
28341156	816	829	polymer brush	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	830	844	surface layers	T080	C1522408
28341156	862	885	atomic force microscopy	T059	C0242849
28341156	887	890	AFM	T059	C0242849
28341156	921	928	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	967	973	POEGMA	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	976	982	coated	T080	C1522408
28341156	983	991	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28341156	995	1003	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28341156	1004	1011	grafted	T169	C0205245
28341156	1019	1022	low	T080	C0205251
28341156	1023	1030	density	T081	C0178587
28341156	1034	1048	polymer chains	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	1073	1095	shorter polymer chains	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	1099	1105	chains	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	1111	1114	low	T080	C0205251
28341156	1115	1122	grafted	T169	C0205245
28341156	1123	1130	density	T081	C0178587
28341156	1154	1162	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28341156	1164	1172	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	1176	1181	serum	T031	C0229671
28341156	1197	1205	interact	T169	C1704675
28341156	1215	1223	material	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	1224	1231	surface	T082	C0205148
28341156	1262	1276	adsorbed layer	T080	C1522408
28341156	1282	1286	TIRM	T059	C0026018
28341156	1287	1299	measurements	T169	C0242485
28341156	1317	1333	adsorbed protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	1334	1339	layer	T080	C1522408
28341156	1358	1370	interactions	T169	C1704675
28341156	1387	1395	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28341156	1410	1416	steric	T067	C0441722
28341156	1420	1435	bridging forces	T067	C0441722
28341156	1460	1471	interaction	T169	C1704675
28341156	1472	1482	potentials	T080	C3245505
28341156	1489	1498	particles	T104	C0597177
28341156	1511	1520	diffusing	T070	C0012222
28341156	1539	1551	intermittent	T079	C0205267
28341156	1552	1561	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28341156	1583	1592	particles	T104	C0597177
28341156	1628	1636	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28341156	1654	1669	polymer brushes	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	1711	1723	POEGMA brush	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	1724	1729	layer	T080	C1522408
28341156	1730	1738	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28341156	1749	1756	surface	T082	C0205148
28341156	1794	1807	dense coating	T080	C1522408
28341156	1830	1837	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	1838	1848	adsorption	T059	C0001674
28341156	1852	1859	surface	T082	C0205148
28341156	1873	1877	TIRM	T059	C0026018
28341156	1878	1890	measurements	T169	C0242485
28341156	1921	1928	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	1931	1937	coated	T080	C1522408
28341156	1938	1947	particles	T104	C0597177
28341156	1973	1978	serum	T031	C0229671
28341156	1983	1985	no	T033	C0205160
28341156	1986	2002	attractive force	T067	C0441722
28341156	2015	2023	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28341156	2028	2036	detected	T033	C0442726
28341156	2042	2058	steric repulsion	T067	C0441722
28341156	2083	2095	POEGMA brush	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	2096	2101	layer	T080	C1522408
28341156	2109	2122	swollen state	T033	C0038999
28341156	2142	2148	strong	T080	C0442821
28341156	2161	2168	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	2169	2179	adsorption	T059	C0001674
28341156	2231	2247	adsorbed protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	2248	2253	layer	T080	C1522408
28341156	2257	2263	POEGMA	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	2264	2272	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28341156	2292	2296	role	T077	C1705810
28341156	2315	2326	interaction	T169	C1704675
28341156	2335	2342	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	2345	2351	coated	T080	C1522408
28341156	2352	2361	particles	T104	C0597177
28341156	2366	2372	POEGMA	T104,T122	C0032521
28341156	2373	2381	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28341156	2416	2423	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28341156	2424	2434	adsorption	T059	C0001674

28341161|t|Predictive position computations mediated by parietal areas: TMS evidence
28341161|a|When objects move or the eyes move, the visual system can predict the consequence and generate a percept of the target at its new position. This predictive localization may depend on eye movement control in the frontal eye fields (FEF) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and on motion analysis in the medial temporal area (MT). Across two experiments we examined whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over right FEF, right IPS, righ t MT, and a control site, peripheral V1 / V2, diminished participants ' perception of two cases of predictive position perception: trans-saccadic fusion, and the flash grab illusion, both presented in the contralateral visual field. In trans-saccadic fusion trials, participants saccade toward a stimulus that is replaced with another stimulus during the saccade. Frequently, predictive position mechanisms lead to a fused percept of pre - and post - saccade stimuli (Paeye et al., 2017). We found that rTMS to IPS significantly decreased the frequency of perceiving trans-saccadic fusion within the first 10min after stimulation. In the flash grab illusion, a target is flashed on a moving background leading to the percept that the target has shifted in the direction of the motion after the flash (Cavanagh and Anstis, 2013). In the first experiment, the reduction in the flash grab illusion after rTMS to IPS and FEF did not reach significance. In the second experiment, using a stronger version of the flash grab, the illusory shift did decrease significantly after rTMS to IPS although not after rTMS to FEF or to MT. These findings suggest that right IPS contributes to predictive position perception during saccades and motion processing in the contralateral visual field.
28341161	0	10	Predictive	T080	C0681890
28341161	11	19	position	T082	C0733755
28341161	20	32	computations	T052	C1880157
28341161	45	59	parietal areas	T023	C0030560
28341161	61	64	TMS	T061	C0436548
28341161	79	86	objects	T072	C0347997
28341161	87	91	move	T033	C0578671
28341161	99	108	eyes move	T039	C0015413
28341161	114	127	visual system	T022	C3536733
28341161	132	139	predict	T078	C0681842
28341161	144	155	consequence	T169	C0686907
28341161	171	178	percept	T041	C0030971
28341161	186	192	target	T169	C1521840
28341161	204	212	position	T082	C0733755
28341161	219	229	predictive	T080	C0681890
28341161	230	242	localization	T169	C0475264
28341161	257	269	eye movement	T039	C0015413
28341161	270	277	control	T169	C2587213
28341161	285	303	frontal eye fields	T023	C3498745
28341161	305	308	FEF	T023	C3498745
28341161	318	338	intraparietal sulcus	T030	C0228213
28341161	340	343	IPS	T030	C0228213
28341161	352	358	motion	T070	C0026597
28341161	359	367	analysis	T169	C1524024
28341161	375	395	medial temporal area	T023	C0039485
28341161	397	399	MT	T023	C0039485
28341161	413	424	experiments	T062	C0681815
28341161	445	489	repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation	T061	C0872259
28341161	491	495	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28341161	502	507	right	T082	C0205090
28341161	508	511	FEF	T023	C3498745
28341161	513	522	right IPS	T030	C2950912
28341161	524	528	righ	T082	C0205090
28341161	531	533	MT	T023	C0039485
28341161	541	548	control	T169	C2587213
28341161	549	553	site	T029	C1515974
28341161	555	568	peripheral V1	T023	C0042817
28341161	571	573	V2	T023	C0042817
28341161	586	598	participants	T098	C0679646
28341161	601	611	perception	T041	C0042830
28341161	628	638	predictive	T080	C0681890
28341161	639	647	position	T082	C0733755
28341161	648	658	perception	T041	C0042830
28341161	660	674	trans-saccadic	T042	C0036019
28341161	675	681	fusion	T041	C0237661
28341161	691	710	flash grab illusion	T041	C0029139
28341161	748	760	visual field	T082	C0042826
28341161	765	779	trans-saccadic	T042	C0036019
28341161	780	786	fusion	T041	C0237661
28341161	787	793	trials	T062	C0681815
28341161	795	807	participants	T098	C0679646
28341161	808	815	saccade	T042	C0036019
28341161	825	833	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28341161	864	872	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28341161	884	891	saccade	T042	C0036019
28341161	905	915	predictive	T080	C0681890
28341161	916	924	position	T082	C0733755
28341161	946	959	fused percept	T041	C0042830
28341161	963	966	pre	T079	C0332152
28341161	973	977	post	T079	C0687676
28341161	980	987	saccade	T042	C0036019
28341161	988	995	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28341161	1032	1036	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28341161	1040	1043	IPS	T030	C0228213
28341161	1044	1057	significantly	T078	C0750502
28341161	1058	1067	decreased	T081	C0547047
28341161	1072	1081	frequency	T079	C0439603
28341161	1085	1095	perceiving	T041	C0030971
28341161	1096	1110	trans-saccadic	T042	C0036019
28341161	1111	1117	fusion	T041	C0237661
28341161	1147	1158	stimulation	T041	C0036602
28341161	1167	1186	flash grab illusion	T041	C0029139
28341161	1190	1196	target	T169	C1521840
28341161	1213	1219	moving	T033	C0578671
28341161	1220	1230	background	T077	C1706907
28341161	1246	1253	percept	T041	C0042830
28341161	1263	1269	target	T169	C1521840
28341161	1289	1298	direction	T082	C0449738
28341161	1306	1312	motion	T070	C0026597
28341161	1323	1328	flash	T067	C1764741
28341161	1371	1381	experiment	T062	C0681815
28341161	1404	1423	flash grab illusion	T041	C0029139
28341161	1430	1434	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28341161	1438	1441	IPS	T030	C0228213
28341161	1446	1449	FEF	T023	C3498745
28341161	1450	1476	did not reach significance	T033	C1273937
28341161	1492	1502	experiment	T062	C0681815
28341161	1536	1546	flash grab	T041	C0029139
28341161	1552	1566	illusory shift	T041	C0029139
28341161	1571	1579	decrease	T081	C0547047
28341161	1580	1593	significantly	T078	C0750502
28341161	1600	1604	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28341161	1608	1611	IPS	T030	C0228213
28341161	1631	1635	rTMS	T061	C0872259
28341161	1639	1642	FEF	T023	C3498745
28341161	1649	1651	MT	T023	C0039485
28341161	1687	1690	IPS	T030	C0228213
28341161	1706	1716	predictive	T080	C0681890
28341161	1717	1725	position	T082	C0733755
28341161	1726	1736	perception	T041	C0042830
28341161	1744	1752	saccades	T042	C0036019
28341161	1757	1763	motion	T070	C0026597
28341161	1782	1795	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28341161	1796	1808	visual field	T082	C0042826

28341196|t|The use of intraosseous needles for injection of contrast media for computed tomographic angiography of the thoracic aorta
28341196|a|The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and quality of computed tomographic angiography of the thoracic aorta (CTA-TA) exams performed using intraosseous needle intravenous access (ION-IVA) for contrast media injection (CMI). All CTA-TA exams at the study institution performed between 1/1/2013 and 8/14/2015 were reviewed retrospectively to identify those exams which had been performed using ION-IVA (ION-exams). ION-exams were then analyzed to determine aortic attenuation and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Linear regression was used to determine how injection rate and other variables affected image quality for ION-exams. Patient electronic medical records were reviewed to identify any adverse events related to CTA-TA or ION-IVA. 17 (∼0.2%) of 7401 exams were ION-exams. ION-exam CMI rates varied between 2.5 and 4 ml/s. Mean attenuation was 312 HU (SD 88 HU) and mean CNR was 25 (SD 9.9). A strong positive linear association between attenuation and injection rate was found. No immediate or delayed complications related to the ION-exams, or intraosseous needle use in general, occurred. For CTA-TA, ION-IVA appears to be a safe and effective route for CMI at rates up to 4 ml/s.
28341196	11	31	intraosseous needles	T074	C1322770
28341196	36	45	injection	T061	C1533685
28341196	49	63	contrast media	T130	C0009924
28341196	68	100	computed tomographic angiography	T060	C1536105
28341196	108	122	thoracic aorta	T023	C1522460
28341196	145	150	study	T062	C2603343
28341196	157	165	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28341196	170	176	safety	T068	C0036043
28341196	181	188	quality	T080	C0332306
28341196	192	224	computed tomographic angiography	T060	C1536105
28341196	232	246	thoracic aorta	T023	C1522460
28341196	248	254	CTA-TA	T060	C0430022
28341196	256	261	exams	T169	C4284036
28341196	278	316	intraosseous needle intravenous access	T060	C0430022
28341196	318	325	ION-IVA	T060	C0430022
28341196	331	355	contrast media injection	T060	C2733072
28341196	357	360	CMI	T060	C2733072
28341196	367	373	CTA-TA	T060	C0430022
28341196	374	379	exams	T169	C4284036
28341196	387	392	study	T062	C2603343
28341196	393	404	institution	T073,T093	C0018704
28341196	460	475	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28341196	494	499	exams	T169	C4284036
28341196	531	538	ION-IVA	T060	C0430022
28341196	540	549	ION-exams	T059	C0022885
28341196	552	561	ION-exams	T059	C0022885
28341196	594	612	aortic attenuation	T033	C3281005
28341196	617	640	contrast-to-noise ratio	T081	C0456603
28341196	642	645	CNR	T081	C0456603
28341196	648	665	Linear regression	T081	C0023733
28341196	692	701	injection	T061	C1533685
28341196	702	706	rate	T081	C1521828
28341196	717	726	variables	T080	C0439828
28341196	736	749	image quality	T080	C0806487
28341196	754	763	ION-exams	T059	C0022885
28341196	765	772	Patient	T101	C0030705
28341196	773	799	electronic medical records	T170	C2362543
28341196	830	844	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28341196	856	862	CTA-TA	T060	C0430022
28341196	866	873	ION-IVA	T060	C0430022
28341196	894	899	exams	T169	C4284036
28341196	905	914	ION-exams	T059	C0022885
28341196	916	924	ION-exam	T059	C0022885
28341196	925	928	CMI	T060	C2733072
28341196	929	934	rates	T081	C1521828
28341196	966	970	Mean	T081	C0444504
28341196	971	982	attenuation	T052	C0599946
28341196	1009	1013	mean	T081	C0444504
28341196	1014	1017	CNR	T081	C0456603
28341196	1044	1052	positive	T033	C1446409
28341196	1080	1091	attenuation	T052	C0599946
28341196	1096	1105	injection	T061	C1533685
28341196	1106	1110	rate	T081	C1521828
28341196	1122	1159	No immediate or delayed complications	T033	C4032686
28341196	1175	1184	ION-exams	T059	C0022885
28341196	1189	1208	intraosseous needle	T074	C1322770
28341196	1239	1245	CTA-TA	T060	C0430022
28341196	1247	1254	ION-IVA	T060	C0430022
28341196	1300	1303	CMI	T060	C2733072

28341536|t|The role of cPLA2 in Methylglyoxal - induced cell apoptosis of HUVECs
28341536|a|Methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, is mainly formed as a byproduct of glycolysis. Elevated MGO level is known to induce apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, which is implicated with progression of atherosclerosis and diabetic complications. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been exhaustively investigated yet. Here, we further characterized the mechanisms how MGO induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Our data revealed that cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) played an important role in MGO - induced cell apoptosis. It was found that MGO could increase both the activity and expression of cPLA2. Inhibition of cPLA2 by Pyrrophenone (PYR) or siRNA significantly attenuated the MGO - induced apoptosis. Additionally, MGO time - dependently decreased the phosphorylation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Pretreatment of the cells with NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082, further increased MGO - induced apoptosis of HUVECs, indicating that NF-κB played a survival role in this MGO - induced apoptosis. Furthermore, in the presence of si-cPLA2 or PYR, MGO no longer decreased NF-κB phosphorylation. Beyond that, the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) could reverse the changes of both cPLA2 and NF-κB caused by MGO. p38, the upstream of cPLA2, was also significantly phosphorylated by MGO. However, p38 inhibitor failed to reverse the apoptosis induced by MGO. This study gives an important insight into the downstream signaling mechanisms of MGO, cPLA2 - NF-κB, in endothelial apoptosis.
28341536	12	17	cPLA2	T116,T126	C1333201
28341536	21	34	Methylglyoxal	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	37	44	induced	T169	C0205263
28341536	45	59	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28341536	63	69	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
28341536	70	83	Methylglyoxal	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	85	88	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	93	99	highly	T080	C0205250
28341536	100	108	reactive	T080	C0205332
28341536	109	128	dicarbonyl compound	T123	C0574031
28341536	140	146	formed	T169	C0205431
28341536	152	161	byproduct	T071	C1551338
28341536	165	175	glycolysis	T044	C0017952
28341536	177	185	Elevated	T080	C3163633
28341536	186	189	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	190	195	level	T080	C0441889
28341536	208	214	induce	T169	C0205263
28341536	215	224	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28341536	228	254	vascular endothelial cells	T025	C1257792
28341536	281	292	progression	T169	C0449258
28341536	296	311	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28341536	316	338	diabetic complications	T047	C0342257
28341536	364	374	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28341536	402	414	investigated	T169	C1292732
28341536	437	450	characterized	T052	C1880022
28341536	455	465	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28341536	470	473	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	474	481	induced	T169	C0205263
28341536	482	491	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28341536	495	533	human umbilical vein endothelial cells	T025	C3179121
28341536	535	541	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
28341536	548	552	data	T078	C1511726
28341536	553	561	revealed	T080	C0443289
28341536	567	593	cytosolic phospholipase A2	T116,T126	C1333201
28341536	595	600	cPLA2	T116,T126	C1333201
28341536	612	621	important	T080	C3898777
28341536	622	626	role	T077	C1705810
28341536	630	633	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	636	643	induced	T169	C0205263
28341536	644	658	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28341536	667	672	found	T033	C0150312
28341536	678	681	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	688	696	increase	T169	C0442805
28341536	706	714	activity	T044	C0243102
28341536	719	729	expression	T045	C1171362
28341536	733	738	cPLA2	T116,T126	C1333201
28341536	740	750	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28341536	754	759	cPLA2	T116,T126	C1333201
28341536	763	775	Pyrrophenone	T109	C1136555
28341536	777	780	PYR	T109	C1136555
28341536	785	790	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28341536	805	815	attenuated	T080	C0332161
28341536	820	823	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	826	833	induced	T169	C0205263
28341536	834	843	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28341536	859	862	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	863	867	time	T079	C0040223
28341536	870	881	dependently	T080	C1701901
28341536	882	891	decreased	T081	C0205216
28341536	896	911	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28341536	915	932	nuclear factor κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28341536	934	939	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28341536	942	954	Pretreatment	T052	C3539076
28341536	962	967	cells	T025	C0007634
28341536	973	978	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0167954
28341536	979	988	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28341536	990	1000	BAY11-7082	T109	C0969281
28341536	1010	1019	increased	T081	C0205217
28341536	1020	1023	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	1026	1033	induced	T169	C0205263
28341536	1034	1043	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28341536	1047	1053	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
28341536	1071	1076	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28341536	1086	1094	survival	T169	C0220921
28341536	1095	1099	role	T077	C1705810
28341536	1108	1111	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	1114	1121	induced	T169	C0205263
28341536	1122	1131	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28341536	1153	1161	presence	T080	C3854307
28341536	1165	1173	si-cPLA2	T116,T126	C1333201
28341536	1177	1180	PYR	T109	C1136555
28341536	1182	1185	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	1186	1205	no longer decreased	T033	C0243095
28341536	1206	1211	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28341536	1212	1227	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28341536	1246	1257	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28341536	1258	1275	N-acetyl cysteine	T116,T121	C0001047
28341536	1277	1280	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
28341536	1288	1295	reverse	T169	C1555029
28341536	1300	1307	changes	T169	C0392747
28341536	1316	1321	cPLA2	T116,T126	C1333201
28341536	1326	1331	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28341536	1332	1338	caused	T169	C0015127
28341536	1342	1345	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	1347	1350	p38	T116,T123	C1451465
28341536	1356	1364	upstream	T082	C0522505
28341536	1368	1373	cPLA2	T116,T126	C1333201
28341536	1398	1412	phosphorylated	T044	C0031715
28341536	1416	1419	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	1430	1433	p38	T116,T123	C1451465
28341536	1434	1443	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28341536	1454	1461	reverse	T169	C1555029
28341536	1466	1475	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28341536	1476	1483	induced	T169	C0205263
28341536	1487	1490	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	1497	1502	study	T062	C2603343
28341536	1512	1521	important	T080	C3898777
28341536	1522	1529	insight	T078	C1254370
28341536	1539	1549	downstream	T082	C0522506
28341536	1550	1570	signaling mechanisms	T044	C0037080
28341536	1574	1577	MGO	T109,T130	C0034338
28341536	1579	1584	cPLA2	T116,T126	C1333201
28341536	1587	1592	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28341536	1597	1608	endothelial	T025	C0225336
28341536	1609	1618	apoptosis	T043	C0162638

28341623|t|Twenty miles per hour speed limits: a sustainable solution to public health problems in Wales
28341623|a|Prevention, rather than treatment, is the key to longer healthier lives. Identifying interventions that will impact positively on road traffic injuries, air quality and encourage active travel is a significant public health challenge. This paper aimed to explore whether 20 mph limits could be useful in achieving this. Research evidence was reviewed to identify the effect of 20 mph zones and limits on health and well-being. The evidence was then used to estimate the effect of a change to a 20 mph limit on road traffic casualties and air pollution. It was then mapped against the seven goals of the Well-being of Future Generations Act (2015). If all current 30 mph limit roads in Wales became 20 mph limits, it is estimated that 6-10 lives would be saved and 1200-2000 casualties avoided each year, at a value of prevention of £58M-£94M. In terms of air pollution, deaths attributed to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may increase by 63, and years of life lost by 753. However, deaths attributed to particulates (PM2.5) may decrease by 117 and years of life lost by 1400. Evidence review suggests benefits in terms of road traffic casualties, air quality, active travel, noise pollution, greater social inclusion, greater community cohesion and local business viability. Road traffic injuries, air pollution and obesity are an inter-related, interdependent triad. The challenge facing public health today is identifying robust interventions that will have positive effects on all three as a minimum; default 20 mph limits is the solution to increasing public health problems in Wales.
28341623	0	6	Twenty	T081	C3715212
28341623	7	21	miles per hour	T081	C0439495
28341623	22	34	speed limits	T064	C0814822
28341623	50	58	solution	T077	C2699488
28341623	62	68	public	T098	C1257890
28341623	69	75	health	T078	C0018684
28341623	76	84	problems	T033	C0033213
28341623	88	93	Wales	T083	C0043015
28341623	94	104	Prevention	T080	C2700409
28341623	118	127	treatment	T061	C0087111
28341623	150	159	healthier	T078	C0018684
28341623	160	165	lives	T078	C0376558
28341623	179	192	interventions	T061	C0184661
28341623	203	209	impact	T080	C4049986
28341623	210	220	positively	T033	C1446409
28341623	224	228	road	T073	C0442650
28341623	229	236	traffic	T033	C3840880
28341623	237	245	injuries	T037	C0178314
28341623	247	258	air quality	T080	C2371710
28341623	280	286	travel	T056	C0040802
28341623	304	310	public	T098	C1257890
28341623	311	317	health	T078	C0018684
28341623	368	371	mph	T081	C0439495
28341623	372	378	limits	T064	C0814822
28341623	414	422	Research	T062	C0035168
28341623	423	431	evidence	T078	C3887511
28341623	461	467	effect	T080	C1280500
28341623	474	477	mph	T081	C0439495
28341623	478	483	zones	T082	C1710706
28341623	488	494	limits	T064	C0814822
28341623	498	504	health	T078	C0018684
28341623	509	519	well-being	T078	C0018684
28341623	525	533	evidence	T078	C3887511
28341623	564	570	effect	T080	C1280500
28341623	591	594	mph	T081	C0439495
28341623	595	600	limit	T064	C0814822
28341623	604	608	road	T073	C0442650
28341623	609	616	traffic	T033	C3840880
28341623	632	645	air pollution	T069	C0001873
28341623	678	683	seven	T081	C0205453
28341623	684	689	goals	T170	C0018017
28341623	697	733	Well-being of Future Generations Act	T170	C0282574
28341623	760	763	mph	T081	C0439495
28341623	764	769	limit	T064	C0814822
28341623	779	784	Wales	T083	C0043015
28341623	795	798	mph	T081	C0439495
28341623	799	805	limits	T064	C0814822
28341623	833	838	lives	T078	C0376558
28341623	892	896	year	T079	C0439234
28341623	912	922	prevention	T080	C2700409
28341623	949	962	air pollution	T069	C0001873
28341623	964	970	deaths	T040	C0011065
28341623	985	1001	nitrogen dioxide	T131,T197	C0028160
28341623	1003	1006	NO2	T131,T197	C0028160
28341623	1012	1020	increase	T169	C0442805
28341623	1032	1037	years	T079	C0439234
28341623	1041	1045	life	T078	C0376558
28341623	1046	1050	lost	T169	C0745777
28341623	1068	1074	deaths	T040	C0011065
28341623	1114	1122	decrease	T081	C0547047
28341623	1134	1139	years	T079	C0439234
28341623	1143	1147	life	T078	C0376558
28341623	1148	1152	lost	T169	C0745777
28341623	1162	1170	Evidence	T078	C3887511
28341623	1187	1195	benefits	T081	C0814225
28341623	1208	1212	road	T073	C0442650
28341623	1213	1220	traffic	T033	C3840880
28341623	1233	1244	air quality	T080	C2371710
28341623	1246	1259	active travel	T056	C0040802
28341623	1261	1276	noise pollution	T069	C0686918
28341623	1286	1302	social inclusion	T067	C1254366
28341623	1304	1330	greater community cohesion	T070	C0597767
28341623	1341	1349	business	T057	C0085936
28341623	1350	1359	viability	T080	C0443348
28341623	1361	1365	Road	T073	C0442650
28341623	1366	1373	traffic	T033	C3840880
28341623	1374	1382	injuries	T037	C0178314
28341623	1384	1397	air pollution	T069	C0001873
28341623	1402	1409	obesity	T047	C0028754
28341623	1475	1481	public	T098	C1257890
28341623	1482	1488	health	T078	C0018684
28341623	1517	1530	interventions	T061	C0184661
28341623	1546	1554	positive	T033	C1446409
28341623	1555	1562	effects	T080	C1280500
28341623	1601	1604	mph	T081	C0439495
28341623	1605	1611	limits	T064	C0814822
28341623	1642	1648	public	T098	C1257890
28341623	1649	1655	health	T078	C0018684
28341623	1656	1664	problems	T033	C0033213
28341623	1668	1673	Wales	T083	C0043015

28341674|t|Interbacterial Adhesion Networks within Early Oral Biofilms of Single Human Hosts
28341674|a|Specific interbacterial adhesion, termed coaggregation, is well established for three early colonizers of the plaque biofilm: streptococci, actinomyces, and veillonellae. However, little is known about interactions of other early colonizers and about the extent of interactions within the bacterial community from a single host. To address these gaps, subject - specific culture collections from two individuals were established using an intraoral biofilm retrieval device. Molecular taxonomy (Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray [HOMIM]) analysis of biofilm samples confirmed the integrity and completeness of the collections. HOMIM analysis verified the isolation of Streptococcus gordonii and S. anginosus from only one subject, as well as isolation of a previously uncultivated streptococcal phylotype from the other subject. Strains representative of clonal diversity within each collection were further characterized. Greater than 70% of these streptococcal strains from each subject coaggregated with at least one other coisolate. One-third of the strains carry a known coaggregation mediator: receptor polysaccharide (RPS). Almost all nonstreptococcal isolates coaggregated with other coisolates. Importantly, certain Rothia strains demonstrated more coaggregations with their coisolated bacteria than did any Streptococcus or Actinomyces strain, and certain Haemophilus isolates participated in twice as many. Confocal microscopy of undisturbed biofilms showed that Rothia and Haemophilus each occur in small multispecies microcolonies. However, in confluent high - biomass regions, Rothia occurred in islands whereas Haemophilus was distributed throughout. Together, the data demonstrate that coaggregation networks within an individual's oral microflora are extensive and that Rothia and Haemophilus can be important initiators of cell-cell interactions in the early biofilm .IMPORTANCE Extensive involvement of specific interbacterial adhesion in dental plaque biofilm formation has been postulated based on in vitro coaggregation between oral bacteria from culture collections that are not subject specific. In the present study, subject - specific culture collections were obtained from early plaque biofilm of two volunteers, and coaggregations within each culture collection were assayed. Coaggregations, several of which involved a coaggregation -mediating cell surface molecule known from well-studied streptococci, were widespread. Unexpectedly, the little-studied organisms Haemophilus and Rothia participated in the greatest numbers of interactions with community members; these two organisms showed different distributions within the undisturbed biofilm. The data show that coaggregation networks encompass most organisms within the biofilm community of each individual, and they indicate prominent participation of organisms such as Haemophilus and Rothia in early plaque biofilm formation.
28341674	0	14	Interbacterial	T080	C0521009
28341674	15	23	Adhesion	T040	C0004614
28341674	24	32	Networks	T169	C1882071
28341674	46	50	Oral	T082	C0442027
28341674	51	59	Biofilms	T007	C0081786
28341674	63	81	Single Human Hosts	T016	C0086418
28341674	91	105	interbacterial	T080	C0521009
28341674	106	114	adhesion	T040	C0004614
28341674	123	136	coaggregation	T169	C0332621
28341674	174	184	colonizers	T025	C1947989
28341674	192	198	plaque	T047	C0011389
28341674	199	206	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28341674	208	220	streptococci	T007	C0038402
28341674	222	233	actinomyces	T007	C0001250
28341674	239	251	veillonellae	T007	C0042446
28341674	284	296	interactions	T169	C1704675
28341674	312	322	colonizers	T025	C1947989
28341674	347	359	interactions	T169	C1704675
28341674	371	390	bacterial community	T007	C0004611
28341674	398	409	single host	T001	C1167395
28341674	434	441	subject	T098	C2349001
28341674	444	452	specific	T080	C0205369
28341674	453	472	culture collections	T060	C0204880
28341674	482	493	individuals	T098	C0027361
28341674	520	529	intraoral	T082	C0442027
28341674	530	537	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28341674	538	554	retrieval device	T074	C0025080
28341674	556	565	Molecular	T080	C1521991
28341674	566	574	taxonomy	T090	C0087066
28341674	575	638	(Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray [HOMIM]) analysis	T059	C1449575
28341674	642	657	biofilm samples	T007	C0081786
28341674	672	681	integrity	T080	C1947912
28341674	686	698	completeness	T080	C0439812
28341674	706	717	collections	T060	C0204880
28341674	719	733	HOMIM analysis	T059	C1449575
28341674	747	756	isolation	T059	C0007616
28341674	760	782	Streptococcus gordonii	T007	C0348055
28341674	787	799	S. anginosus	T007	C0318147
28341674	814	821	subject	T098	C2349001
28341674	834	843	isolation	T169	C0205409
28341674	873	886	streptococcal	T007	C0038402
28341674	887	896	phylotype	T078	C0031797
28341674	912	919	subject	T098	C2349001
28341674	921	928	Strains	T001	C1518614
28341674	947	953	clonal	T024	C1522642
28341674	954	963	diversity	T080	C1880371
28341674	976	986	collection	T077	C2347026
28341674	1000	1013	characterized	T052	C1880022
28341674	1041	1062	streptococcal strains	T007	C0038402
28341674	1073	1080	subject	T098	C2349001
28341674	1081	1093	coaggregated	T169	C0332621
28341674	1118	1127	coisolate	T123	C1764827
28341674	1146	1153	strains	T001	C1518614
28341674	1168	1181	coaggregation	T169	C0332621
28341674	1192	1215	receptor polysaccharide	T116,T192	C0597357
28341674	1217	1220	RPS	T116,T192	C0597357
28341674	1251	1259	isolates	T123	C1764827
28341674	1260	1272	coaggregated	T169	C0332621
28341674	1284	1294	coisolates	T123	C1764827
28341674	1317	1331	Rothia strains	T007	C0318136
28341674	1350	1364	coaggregations	T169	C0332621
28341674	1376	1395	coisolated bacteria	T123	C1764827
28341674	1409	1422	Streptococcus	T007	C0038402
28341674	1426	1444	Actinomyces strain	T007	C0001250
28341674	1458	1478	Haemophilus isolates	T007	C0018479
28341674	1510	1529	Confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
28341674	1545	1553	biofilms	T007	C0081786
28341674	1566	1572	Rothia	T007	C0318136
28341674	1577	1588	Haemophilus	T007	C0018479
28341674	1609	1635	multispecies microcolonies	T040	C1658609
28341674	1649	1658	confluent	T080	C0205200
28341674	1659	1663	high	T080	C0205250
28341674	1666	1673	biomass	T081	C0005535
28341674	1674	1681	regions	T082	C0205147
28341674	1683	1689	Rothia	T007	C0318136
28341674	1718	1729	Haemophilus	T007	C0018479
28341674	1772	1776	data	T078	C1511726
28341674	1794	1807	coaggregation	T169	C0332621
28341674	1808	1816	networks	T169	C1882071
28341674	1840	1855	oral microflora	T001	C4084880
28341674	1879	1885	Rothia	T007	C0318136
28341674	1890	1901	Haemophilus	T007	C0018479
28341674	1919	1929	initiators	T169	C0205263
28341674	1933	1955	cell-cell interactions	T043	C0007582
28341674	1969	1976	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28341674	1999	2010	involvement	T169	C1314939
28341674	2014	2022	specific	T080	C0205369
28341674	2023	2037	interbacterial	T080	C0521009
28341674	2038	2046	adhesion	T040	C0004614
28341674	2050	2063	dental plaque	T047	C0011389
28341674	2064	2081	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28341674	2111	2119	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28341674	2120	2133	coaggregation	T169	C0332621
28341674	2142	2155	oral bacteria	T007	C0597134
28341674	2161	2180	culture collections	T077	C2347026
28341674	2194	2201	subject	T098	C2349001
28341674	2202	2210	specific	T080	C0205369
28341674	2227	2232	study	T062	C0008972
28341674	2234	2241	subject	T098	C2349001
28341674	2244	2252	specific	T080	C0205369
28341674	2253	2272	culture collections	T077	C2347026
28341674	2305	2312	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28341674	2320	2330	volunteers	T101	C0237950
28341674	2336	2350	coaggregations	T169	C0332621
28341674	2396	2410	Coaggregations	T169	C0332621
28341674	2440	2453	coaggregation	T169	C0332621
28341674	2465	2477	cell surface	T026	C0699040
28341674	2478	2486	molecule	T167	C0567416
28341674	2511	2523	streptococci	T007	C0038402
28341674	2575	2584	organisms	T001	C0029235
28341674	2585	2596	Haemophilus	T007	C0018479
28341674	2601	2607	Rothia	T007	C0318136
28341674	2648	2660	interactions	T169	C1704675
28341674	2695	2704	organisms	T001	C0029235
28341674	2722	2735	distributions	T169	C1704711
28341674	2759	2766	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28341674	2772	2776	data	T078	C1511726
28341674	2787	2800	coaggregation	T169	C0332621
28341674	2801	2809	networks	T169	C1882071
28341674	2825	2834	organisms	T001	C0029235
28341674	2846	2863	biofilm community	T007	C0081786
28341674	2872	2882	individual	T098	C0027361
28341674	2902	2911	prominent	T080	C0205402
28341674	2929	2938	organisms	T001	C0029235
28341674	2947	2958	Haemophilus	T007	C0018479
28341674	2963	2969	Rothia	T007	C0318136
28341674	2979	2985	plaque	T047	C0011389
28341674	2986	3003	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881

28341723|t|Supervisor descriptions of veterinary student performance in the clinical workplace: a qualitative interview study
28341723|a|This qualitative study investigated the qualities of veterinary student performance that inform a supervisor's impression of their competency. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 15 supervisors from different veterinary subdisciplines, to elicit descriptions of excellent, weak and marginal students. Thematic analysis of transcriptions revealed 12 themes, of which engagement was frequently discussed and of stated importance, and trustworthiness was a differentiator of weak and marginal students from excellent students. Other themes were knowledge, application of knowledge, technical and animal handling skills, communication, social interaction, personal functioning, caring for animals, impact, prospects and the difficulty in judging competency. Patterns of association of themes were found, however themes were also used independently in unique combinations for most students described. The findings show the range of abilities, behaviours, attitudes and personal characteristics of students that are considered by supervisors and how these are weighted and balanced. The key contribution of engagement and trustworthiness to the overall impression aligns with research indicating their importance for success in clinical practice, as both contributors to competency and indicators of it. The findings may inform future design and investigation of workplace -based learning and in-training evaluation, as well as conceptions of veterinary competency.
28341723	0	10	Supervisor	T097	C0403172
28341723	11	23	descriptions	T170	C0678257
28341723	27	37	veterinary	T080	C0042614
28341723	38	45	student	T098	C0038492
28341723	46	57	performance	T055	C0597198
28341723	65	73	clinical	T080	C0205210
28341723	74	83	workplace	T082	C0162579
28341723	87	98	qualitative	T080	C0205556
28341723	99	108	interview	T052	C0021822
28341723	120	137	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28341723	138	150	investigated	T169	C1292732
28341723	155	164	qualities	T080	C0332306
28341723	168	178	veterinary	T080	C0042614
28341723	179	186	student	T098	C0038492
28341723	187	198	performance	T055	C0597198
28341723	213	225	supervisor's	T097	C0403172
28341723	226	236	impression	T055	C0596764
28341723	246	256	competency	T080	C0086035
28341723	258	284	Semi-structured interviews	UnknownType	C0681913
28341723	307	323	purposive sample	T062	C0681880
28341723	330	341	supervisors	T097	C0403172
28341723	357	367	veterinary	T080	C0042614
28341723	368	382	subdisciplines	T090	C1518533
28341723	394	406	descriptions	T170	C0678257
28341723	410	419	excellent	T080	C1961136
28341723	421	425	weak	T080	C1762617
28341723	430	438	marginal	T082	C0205284
28341723	439	447	students	T098	C0038492
28341723	449	466	Thematic analysis	T062	C0936012
28341723	470	484	transcriptions	T170	C0034869
28341723	497	503	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
28341723	514	524	engagement	T033	C2937292
28341723	529	539	frequently	T079	C0332183
28341723	557	563	stated	T169	C1442792
28341723	564	574	importance	T080	C3898777
28341723	580	595	trustworthiness	T041	C2370864
28341723	620	624	weak	T080	C1762617
28341723	629	637	marginal	T082	C0205284
28341723	638	646	students	T098	C0038492
28341723	652	661	excellent	T080	C1961136
28341723	662	670	students	T098	C0038492
28341723	678	684	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
28341723	690	699	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28341723	701	725	application of knowledge	T041	C0871755
28341723	727	736	technical	T080	C0080214
28341723	741	747	animal	T008	C0003062
28341723	748	763	handling skills	T170	C0871140
28341723	765	778	communication	T054	C0009452
28341723	780	798	social interaction	T033	C0037420
28341723	800	808	personal	T032	C1519021
28341723	809	820	functioning	T169	C0205245
28341723	822	828	caring	T055	C0150499
28341723	833	840	animals	T008	C0003062
28341723	842	848	impact	T080	C4049986
28341723	868	878	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28341723	882	889	judging	T078	C1707478
28341723	890	900	competency	T080	C0086035
28341723	902	910	Patterns	T082	C0449774
28341723	914	925	association	T080	C0439849
28341723	929	935	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
28341723	956	962	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
28341723	978	991	independently	T169	C0332291
28341723	995	1001	unique	T080	C1710548
28341723	1002	1014	combinations	T080	C0205195
28341723	1024	1032	students	T098	C0038492
28341723	1048	1056	findings	T033	C0243095
28341723	1066	1071	range	T081	C1514721
28341723	1075	1084	abilities	T032	C0085732
28341723	1086	1096	behaviours	T053	C0004927
28341723	1098	1107	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28341723	1112	1120	personal	T032	C1519021
28341723	1121	1136	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28341723	1140	1148	students	T098	C0038492
28341723	1172	1183	supervisors	T097	C0403172
28341723	1215	1223	balanced	T169	C0205415
28341723	1229	1232	key	T080	C3898777
28341723	1233	1245	contribution	T052	C1880177
28341723	1249	1259	engagement	T033	C2937292
28341723	1264	1279	trustworthiness	T041	C2370864
28341723	1287	1294	overall	T080	C1561607
28341723	1295	1305	impression	T055	C0596764
28341723	1318	1326	research	T062	C0035168
28341723	1344	1354	importance	T080	C3898777
28341723	1359	1366	success	T054	C0597535
28341723	1370	1387	clinical practice	T058	C1254363
28341723	1413	1423	competency	T080	C0086035
28341723	1428	1438	indicators	T169	C1522602
28341723	1450	1458	findings	T033	C0243095
28341723	1488	1501	investigation	T169	C1292732
28341723	1505	1514	workplace	T082	C0162579
28341723	1522	1530	learning	T041	C0023185
28341723	1535	1546	in-training	T065	C0220931
28341723	1570	1581	conceptions	T079	C1254367
28341723	1585	1595	veterinary	T080	C0042614
28341723	1596	1606	competency	T080	C0086035

28341746|t|Leveraging sequence -based faecal microbial community survey data to identify a composite biomarker for colorectal cancer
28341746|a|Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in the USA. The faecal microbiome may provide non-invasive biomarkers of CRC and indicate transition in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Re-analysing raw sequence and metadata from several studies uniformly, we sought to identify a composite and generalisable microbial marker for CRC. Raw 16S rRNA gene sequence data sets from nine studies were processed with two pipelines, (1) QIIME closed reference (QIIME-CR) or (2) a strain-specific method herein termed SS-UP (Strain Select, UPARSE bioinformatics pipeline). A total of 509 samples (79 colorectal adenoma, 195 CRC and 235 controls) were analysed. Differential abundance, meta-analysis random effects regression and machine learning analyses were carried out to determine the consistency and diagnostic capabilities of potential microbial biomarkers. Definitive taxa, including Parvimonas micra ATCC 33270, Streptococcus anginosus and yet-to-be-cultured members of Proteobacteria, were frequently and significantly increased in stools from patients with CRC compared with controls across studies and had high discriminatory capacity in diagnostic classification. Microbiome -based CRC versus control classification produced an area under receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve of 76.6% in QIIME-CR and 80.3% in SS-UP. Combining clinical and microbiome markers gave a diagnostic AUROC of 83.3% for QIIME-CR and 91.3% for SS-UP. Despite technological differences across studies and methods, key microbial markers emerged as important in classifying CRC cases and such could be used in a universal diagnostic for the disease. The choice of bioinformatics pipeline influenced accuracy of classification. Strain - resolved microbial markers might prove crucial in providing a microbial diagnostic for CRC.
28341746	0	10	Leveraging	T169	C0457083
28341746	11	19	sequence	T086	C0004793
28341746	27	33	faecal	T031	C0015733
28341746	34	53	microbial community	T001	C1956108
28341746	54	60	survey	T170	C0038951
28341746	61	65	data	T078	C1511726
28341746	69	77	identify	T080	C0205396
28341746	80	89	composite	T080	C0205199
28341746	90	99	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28341746	104	121	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28341746	122	139	Colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28341746	141	144	CRC	T191	C1527249
28341746	168	173	cause	T078	C0085978
28341746	177	204	cancer-associated mortality	T081	C1516192
28341746	212	215	USA	T083	C0041703
28341746	221	227	faecal	T031	C0015733
28341746	228	238	microbiome	T001	C1956108
28341746	251	263	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28341746	264	274	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28341746	278	281	CRC	T191	C1527249
28341746	295	305	transition	T049	C0599156
28341746	313	330	adenoma-carcinoma	T191	C0001418
28341746	331	339	sequence	T086	C0004793
28341746	341	353	Re-analysing	T062	C0936012
28341746	354	357	raw	T080	C1709843
28341746	358	366	sequence	T086	C0004793
28341746	371	379	metadata	T170	C1708992
28341746	393	400	studies	T059	C0947630
28341746	425	433	identify	T080	C0205396
28341746	436	445	composite	T080	C0205199
28341746	464	480	microbial marker	T201	C0005516
28341746	485	488	CRC	T191	C1527249
28341746	490	493	Raw	T080	C1709843
28341746	494	502	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
28341746	503	526	gene sequence data sets	T170	C0026382
28341746	537	544	studies	T059	C0947630
28341746	550	559	processed	T067	C1522240
28341746	569	578	pipelines	T073,T170	C0037585
28341746	584	606	QIIME closed reference	T073,T170	C0037585
28341746	608	616	QIIME-CR	T073,T170	C0037585
28341746	627	649	strain-specific method	T170	C0025663
28341746	664	669	SS-UP	T073,T170	C0037585
28341746	671	716	Strain Select, UPARSE bioinformatics pipeline	T073,T170	C0037585
28341746	734	741	samples	T077	C2347026
28341746	746	764	colorectal adenoma	T191	C1527249
28341746	770	773	CRC	T191	C1527249
28341746	782	790	controls	T096	C0009932
28341746	797	805	analysed	T062	C0936012
28341746	807	829	Differential abundance	T062	C0936012
28341746	831	844	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28341746	845	851	random	T080	C0439605
28341746	852	859	effects	T080	C1280500
28341746	860	870	regression	T170	C0034980
28341746	875	891	machine learning	T066	C0376284
28341746	892	900	analyses	T062	C0936012
28341746	935	946	consistency	T080	C0332529
28341746	951	961	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28341746	962	974	capabilities	T080	C2698977
28341746	978	987	potential	T080	C3245505
28341746	988	1008	microbial biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28341746	1021	1025	taxa	T077	C1515221
28341746	1037	1064	Parvimonas micra ATCC 33270	T007	C0317944
28341746	1066	1089	Streptococcus anginosus	T007	C0318147
28341746	1124	1138	Proteobacteria	T007	C0751985
28341746	1145	1155	frequently	T079	C0332183
28341746	1160	1173	significantly	T078	C0750502
28341746	1174	1183	increased	T081	C0205217
28341746	1187	1193	stools	T031	C0015733
28341746	1199	1207	patients	T101	C0030705
28341746	1213	1216	CRC	T191	C1527249
28341746	1217	1225	compared	T052	C1707455
28341746	1231	1239	controls	T096	C0009932
28341746	1247	1254	studies	T062	C0008972
28341746	1268	1282	discriminatory	T080	C0205235
28341746	1283	1291	capacity	T081	C1516240
28341746	1295	1320	diagnostic classification	T170	C0683327
28341746	1322	1332	Microbiome	T001	C1956108
28341746	1340	1343	CRC	T191	C1527249
28341746	1351	1358	control	T096	C0009932
28341746	1359	1373	classification	T185	C0008902
28341746	1386	1396	area under	T081	C0376690
28341746	1397	1443	receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curve	T081	C0035787
28341746	1456	1464	QIIME-CR	T073,T170	C0037585
28341746	1478	1483	SS-UP	T073,T170	C0037585
28341746	1485	1494	Combining	T080	C0205195
28341746	1495	1503	clinical	T080	C0008963
28341746	1508	1526	microbiome markers	T201	C0005516
28341746	1534	1544	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28341746	1545	1550	AUROC	T081	C0035787
28341746	1564	1572	QIIME-CR	T073,T170	C0037585
28341746	1587	1592	SS-UP	T073,T170	C0037585
28341746	1602	1627	technological differences	T170	C0683889
28341746	1635	1642	studies	T062	C0008972
28341746	1647	1654	methods	T170	C0025663
28341746	1660	1677	microbial markers	T201	C0005516
28341746	1714	1717	CRC	T191	C1527249
28341746	1718	1723	cases	T077	C1706256
28341746	1762	1772	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28341746	1781	1788	disease	T047	C0012634
28341746	1804	1818	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28341746	1819	1827	pipeline	T073,T170	C0037585
28341746	1828	1838	influenced	T077	C4054723
28341746	1839	1847	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28341746	1851	1865	classification	T185	C0008902
28341746	1867	1873	Strain	T001	C1518614
28341746	1876	1884	resolved	T033	C3714811
28341746	1885	1902	microbial markers	T201	C0005516
28341746	1938	1947	microbial	T001	C0599840
28341746	1948	1958	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28341746	1963	1966	CRC	T191	C1527249

28341903|t|Exercise increases lactoferrin, but decreases lysozyme in salivary granulocytes
28341903|a|Intracellular lactoferrin (Lac) and lysozyme (Lys) content play an important role in regulating inflammation and promoting host protection. While exercise has demonstrated an increase in Lac and Lys concentration in exocrine solutions, little is known regarding intracellular concentration changes in response to exercise. To quantify intracellular Lac and Lys concentration before and after exercise in salivary CD45(+)CD15(+) cells. 11 males (20.3 ± 0.8 years, 57.2 ± 7.6 mL/kg/min V̇O2pk, 11.1 ± 3.9% body fat) ran for 45 min at 75% of VO2pk. 12 mL of stimulated saliva were collected pre and immediately post exercise. Saliva was filtered through a 30-µm filter before analysis of leukocytes (CD45(+)) and granulocytes (CD45(+)CD15(+)) using flow cytometry. Median fluorescent intensity (MFI) of Lac increased from pre (64,268 ± 46,036 MFI) to post (117,134 ± 88,115 MFI) exercise (p <0.05). Lys MFI decreased with exercise (pre: 16,933 ± 8249; post: 11,616 ± 6875) (p <0.05). Acute running resulted in an increased Lac concentration which could lead to a decrease in inflammation, adding further evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise. Conversely, the exercise -associated decrease of intracellular Lys content could be the cause of increased Lys in exocrine solutions.
28341903	0	8	Exercise	T056	C0015259
28341903	9	18	increases	T081	C0205217
28341903	19	30	lactoferrin	T116,T123	C0022942
28341903	36	45	decreases	T081	C0547047
28341903	46	54	lysozyme	T116,T121,T126	C0026794
28341903	58	66	salivary	T082	C0442040
28341903	67	79	granulocytes	T025	C0018183
28341903	80	105	Intracellular lactoferrin	T116,T123	C0022942
28341903	107	110	Lac	T116,T123	C0022942
28341903	116	124	lysozyme	T116,T121,T126	C0026794
28341903	126	129	Lys	T116,T121,T126	C0026794
28341903	176	188	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28341903	193	202	promoting	T052	C0033414
28341903	203	218	host protection	T039	C0524828
28341903	226	234	exercise	T056	C0015259
28341903	255	263	increase	T081	C0205217
28341903	267	270	Lac	T116,T123	C0022942
28341903	275	278	Lys	T116,T121,T126	C0026794
28341903	279	292	concentration	T081	C1446561
28341903	296	314	exocrine solutions	T031	C0504082
28341903	342	377	intracellular concentration changes	T081	C1446561
28341903	393	401	exercise	T056	C0015259
28341903	406	414	quantify	T081	C1709793
28341903	429	432	Lac	T116,T123	C0022942
28341903	437	440	Lys	T116,T121,T126	C0026794
28341903	441	454	concentration	T081	C1446561
28341903	472	480	exercise	T056	C0015259
28341903	484	492	salivary	T082	C0442040
28341903	493	513	CD45(+)CD15(+) cells	T025	C0018183
28341903	518	523	males	T032	C0086582
28341903	536	541	years	T079	C0439234
28341903	564	570	V̇O2pk	T081	C0392762
28341903	584	592	body fat	T201	C0344335
28341903	594	597	ran	T056	C0035953
28341903	605	608	min	T079	C0439232
28341903	619	624	VO2pk	T081	C0392762
28341903	635	652	stimulated saliva	T031	C0036087
28341903	658	667	collected	T169	C1516698
28341903	668	671	pre	T079	C1439922
28341903	688	701	post exercise	T079	C1979962
28341903	703	709	Saliva	T031	C0036087
28341903	765	775	leukocytes	T025	C0023516
28341903	777	784	CD45(+)	T025	C0023516
28341903	790	802	granulocytes	T025	C0018183
28341903	804	818	CD45(+)CD15(+)	T025	C0018183
28341903	826	840	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28341903	842	870	Median fluorescent intensity	T081	C0392762
28341903	872	875	MFI	T081	C0392762
28341903	880	883	Lac	T116,T123	C0022942
28341903	884	893	increased	T081	C0205217
28341903	899	902	pre	T079	C1439922
28341903	920	923	MFI	T081	C0392762
28341903	928	932	post	T079	C1979962
28341903	951	954	MFI	T081	C0392762
28341903	956	964	exercise	T056	C0015259
28341903	976	979	Lys	T116,T121,T126	C0026794
28341903	980	983	MFI	T081	C0392762
28341903	984	993	decreased	T081	C0205216
28341903	999	1007	exercise	T056	C0015259
28341903	1009	1012	pre	T079	C1439922
28341903	1029	1033	post	T079	C1439922
28341903	1061	1074	Acute running	T056	C0035953
28341903	1090	1099	increased	T081	C0205217
28341903	1100	1103	Lac	T116,T123	C0022942
28341903	1104	1117	concentration	T081	C1446561
28341903	1140	1148	decrease	T081	C0205216
28341903	1152	1164	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28341903	1197	1222	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
28341903	1226	1234	exercise	T056	C0015259
28341903	1252	1260	exercise	T056	C0015259
28341903	1273	1281	decrease	T081	C0547047
28341903	1285	1302	intracellular Lys	T116,T121,T126	C0026794
28341903	1324	1329	cause	T169	C0015127
28341903	1333	1342	increased	T081	C0205217
28341903	1343	1346	Lys	T116,T121,T126	C0026794
28341903	1350	1368	exocrine solutions	T031	C0504082

28342010|t|Aridity promotes bet hedging via delayed hatching: a case study with two temporary pond crustaceans along a latitudinal gradient
28342010|a|Climate change does affect not only average rainfall and temperature but also their variation, which can reduce the predictability of suitable conditions for growth and reproduction. This situation is problematic for inhabitants of temporary waters whose reproductive success depends on rainfall and evaporation that determine the length of the aquatic phase. For organisms with long-lived dormant life stages, bet hedging models suggest that a fraction of these should stay dormant during each growing season to buffer against the probability of total reproductive failure in variable environments. Thus far, however, little empirical evidence supports this prediction in aquatic organisms. We study geographic variation in delayed hatching of dormant eggs in natural populations of two crustaceans, Branchinella longirostris and Paralimnadia badia, that occur in temporary rock pools along a 725 km latitudinal aridity gradient in Western Australia. Consistent with bet hedging theory, populations of both species were characterised by delayed hatching under common garden conditions and hatching fractions decreased towards the drier end of the gradient where the probability of reproductive success was shown to be lower. This decrease was most pronounced in the species with the longer maturation time, presumably because it is more sensitive to the higher prevalence of short inundations. Overall, these findings illustrate that regional variation in climate can be reflected in differential investment in bet hedging and hints at a higher importance of delayed hatching to persist when the climate becomes harsher. Such strategies could become exceedingly relevant as determinants of vulnerability under climate change.
28342010	0	7	Aridity	T080	C0205556
28342010	33	40	delayed	T079	C0205421
28342010	41	49	hatching	T040	C0598016
28342010	53	63	case study	T170	C0085973
28342010	73	82	temporary	T079	C0205374
28342010	83	87	pond	T083	C0337048
28342010	88	99	crustaceans	T204	C0010395
28342010	108	128	latitudinal gradient	T081	C0812409
28342010	129	143	Climate change	T070	C2718051
28342010	165	172	average	T081	C1510992
28342010	173	181	rainfall	T070	C0034640
28342010	186	197	temperature	T081	C0039476
28342010	213	222	variation	T080	C0205419
28342010	245	259	predictability	T041	C2371925
28342010	287	293	growth	T040	C0018270
28342010	298	310	reproduction	T040	C0035150
28342010	361	370	temporary	T079	C0205374
28342010	384	404	reproductive success	T040	C0035154
28342010	416	424	rainfall	T070	C0034640
28342010	429	440	evaporation	T070	C0596539
28342010	474	487	aquatic phase	T067	C0563034
28342010	493	502	organisms	T001	C0029235
28342010	508	538	long-lived dormant life stages	T079	C0680083
28342010	552	558	models	T170	C3161035
28342010	574	582	fraction	T081	C1264633
28342010	604	611	dormant	T039	C0678686
28342010	624	638	growing season	T079	C0036497
28342010	661	672	probability	T081	C0033204
28342010	682	702	reproductive failure	T033	C3671958
28342010	706	714	variable	T080	C0439828
28342010	715	727	environments	T082	C0014406
28342010	765	773	evidence	T078	C3887511
28342010	788	798	prediction	T078	C0681842
28342010	802	819	aquatic organisms	T001	C0596121
28342010	824	829	study	T062	C2603343
28342010	830	850	geographic variation	T078	C1171306
28342010	854	861	delayed	T079	C0205421
28342010	862	870	hatching	T040	C0598016
28342010	874	881	dormant	T039	C0678686
28342010	882	886	eggs	T025	C0029974
28342010	890	909	natural populations	T081	C0032659
28342010	917	928	crustaceans	T204	C0010395
28342010	930	955	Branchinella longirostris	T204	C1222854
28342010	960	978	Paralimnadia badia	T204	C4210886
28342010	994	1003	temporary	T079	C0205374
28342010	1042	1049	aridity	T080	C0205556
28342010	1050	1058	gradient	T081	C0812409
28342010	1062	1079	Western Australia	T083	C0043128
28342010	1117	1128	populations	T081	C0032659
28342010	1137	1144	species	T185	C1705920
28342010	1150	1163	characterised	T052	C1880022
28342010	1167	1174	delayed	T079	C0205421
28342010	1175	1183	hatching	T040	C0598016
28342010	1197	1214	garden conditions	T080	C4019428
28342010	1219	1227	hatching	T040	C0598016
28342010	1238	1247	decreased	T081	C0205216
28342010	1277	1285	gradient	T081	C0812409
28342010	1296	1307	probability	T081	C0033204
28342010	1311	1331	reproductive success	T040	C0035154
28342010	1360	1368	decrease	T081	C0547047
28342010	1396	1403	species	T185	C1705920
28342010	1413	1419	longer	T080	C0205166
28342010	1420	1430	maturation	T040	C0678723
28342010	1431	1435	time	T079	C0040223
28342010	1467	1476	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28342010	1484	1501	higher prevalence	T081	C1512456
28342010	1511	1522	inundations	T080	C2346714
28342010	1539	1547	findings	T033	C0243095
28342010	1564	1572	regional	T082	C0205147
28342010	1573	1593	variation in climate	T070	C2718051
28342010	1614	1626	differential	T080	C0443199
28342010	1689	1696	delayed	T079	C0205421
28342010	1697	1705	hatching	T040	C0598016
28342010	1726	1733	climate	T070	C0008946
28342010	1742	1749	harsher	T033	C4068826
28342010	1804	1816	determinants	T169	C1521761
28342010	1820	1833	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28342010	1840	1854	climate change	T070	C2718051

28342542|t|Determinants of Late Tricuspid Regurgitation After Aortic-Mitral Double Valve Replacement
28342542|a|The aims of this study are to evaluate the long-term outcomes of double valve replacement (aortic and mitral valves) and to investigate the determinants of late tricuspid regurgitation (TR). A total of 239 consecutive patients who underwent double valve replacement were enrolled. Valve pathology was rheumatic in 86.6% (207/239) and degenerative in 13.4% (32/239) of patients. Among these patients, 116 patients underwent concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty, and follow-up was completed for all 239 patients (mean = 7.3 ± 4.1, maximum = 15.9 years). We used propensity score matching to match 67 patients without tricuspid annuloplasty to the 114 patients who underwent annuloplasty. There was 1 in-hospital death and 9.7% (23/238) of patients experienced late cardiac -related mortality. Analysis of aortic valves indicated that the transprosthetic mean pressure gradient increased with time (13.4 ± 5.2 vs 15.4 ± 9.0 mm Hg, p = 0.002). Aortic transprosthetic mean pressure gradient increased more notably in woman and was associated with late TR (odds ratio 1.1, p = 0.010). In patients with mild TR, those who underwent tricuspid valve repair were less likely to experience a cardiac -related death within 10 years of surgery (hazards ratio 6.1, p = 0.036).
28342542	0	12	Determinants	T169	C1521761
28342542	16	20	Late	T079	C0205087
28342542	21	44	Tricuspid Regurgitation	T047	C0040961
28342542	51	64	Aortic-Mitral	UnknownType	C0545722
28342542	65	89	Double Valve Replacement	T061	C0190170
28342542	94	98	aims	T078	C1947946
28342542	107	112	study	T062	C2603343
28342542	120	128	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28342542	143	151	outcomes	T062	C0086750
28342542	155	179	double valve replacement	T061	C0190170
28342542	181	205	aortic and mitral valves	UnknownType	C0545722
28342542	214	225	investigate	T169	C1292732
28342542	230	242	determinants	T169	C1521761
28342542	246	250	late	T079	C0205087
28342542	251	274	tricuspid regurgitation	T047	C0040961
28342542	276	278	TR	T047	C0040961
28342542	296	307	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28342542	308	316	patients	T101	C0030705
28342542	331	355	double valve replacement	T061	C0190170
28342542	371	376	Valve	T023	C0018826
28342542	377	386	pathology	T091	C0030664
28342542	391	400	rheumatic	T047	C0035435
28342542	424	436	degenerative	T046	C0011164
28342542	458	466	patients	T101	C0030705
28342542	480	488	patients	T101	C0030705
28342542	494	502	patients	T101	C0030705
28342542	513	524	concomitant	T079	C0521115
28342542	525	547	tricuspid annuloplasty	T061	C0396902
28342542	553	562	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28342542	589	597	patients	T101	C0030705
28342542	648	664	propensity score	T081	C2718044
28342542	686	694	patients	T101	C0030705
28342542	703	725	tricuspid annuloplasty	T061	C0396902
28342542	737	745	patients	T101	C0030705
28342542	760	772	annuloplasty	T061	C0190165
28342542	786	797	in-hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28342542	798	803	death	T040	C0011065
28342542	825	833	patients	T101	C0030705
28342542	846	850	late	T079	C0205087
28342542	851	858	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28342542	868	877	mortality	T081	C0026565
28342542	879	887	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28342542	891	904	aortic valves	T023	C0003501
28342542	905	914	indicated	T033	C1444656
28342542	924	962	transprosthetic mean pressure gradient	T034	C0428898
28342542	1028	1034	Aortic	T023	C0003483
28342542	1035	1073	transprosthetic mean pressure gradient	T034	C0428898
28342542	1100	1105	woman	T098	C0043210
28342542	1114	1129	associated with	T080	C0332281
28342542	1130	1134	late	T079	C0205087
28342542	1135	1137	TR	T047	C0040961
28342542	1170	1178	patients	T101	C0030705
28342542	1184	1191	mild TR	T047	C0040961
28342542	1213	1235	tricuspid valve repair	T061	C0396899
28342542	1269	1276	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28342542	1286	1291	death	T040	C0011065
28342542	1302	1307	years	T079	C0439234
28342542	1311	1318	surgery	T061	C0543467

28342789|t|Enhanced gastric stability of esomeprazole by molecular interaction and modulation of microenvironmental pH with alkalizers in solid dispersion
28342789|a|Due to the instability of esomeprazole magnesium dihydrate (EPM), a proton pump inhibitor, in gastric fluid, enteric-coated dosage form is commonly used for therapeutic application. In this study, we prepared new gastric fluid resistant solid dispersions (SDs) containing alkalizers. Then, new mechanistic evidence regarding the effects of pharmaceutical alkalizers on the aqueous stability of EPM in simulated gastric fluid was investigated. The alkalizer -loaded SD were prepared by dissolving or dispersing EPM, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 6 cps, and an alkalizer, in ethanol 50% (v/v) followed by spray drying. Nine different alkalizer s were assessed for in vitro stability in two media, simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2 buffer) and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 6.8 buffer). The microenvironmental pH (pHM) was measured to evaluate the effect of the alkalizer on the pHM of SDs. Drug crystallinity and morphology of the SDs were also examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The interactions among EPM, the polymer, and the alkalizer were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The in vivo absorption studies of the optimized alkalizer -containing SD and the enteric-coated reference tablet Nexium (®) were then conducted in beagle dogs. Among alkalizer s, MgO loaded in SDs proved to be the best alkalizer to stabilize EPM in simulated gastric fluid. pHM values of the alkalizer -containing SDs were significantly higher than that of the SD without alkalizer. The pHM values decreased in the following order: MgO, Na2CO3, Ca(OH)2, and no alkalizer. DSC and PXRD data exhibited a change in the drug crystallinity of the SDs from crystalline to amorphous form. SEM data showed a relatively spherical shape of the MgO -loaded SD compared to the less-defined shape of pure drug. FTIR indicated a strong molecular interaction among EPM, alkalizer and polymer; in particular, MgO showed the strongest interaction with EPM. It was evident that alkalizer interacts with benzimidazole ring and/or sulfonyl group of EPM for enhancing EPM stability in gastric fluid. Regarding the in vivo absorption studies in beagle dogs, the optimized SD (C16) was bioequivalent to the reference Nexium (®) and had a considerable greater absorption at the early stages. The current alkalizer -containing SD could provide a promising approach for aqueous stabilization of acid - labile drugs without using enteric coating method.
28342789	9	16	gastric	T080	C1704242
28342789	17	26	stability	T080	C0013210
28342789	30	42	esomeprazole	T109,T121	C0937846
28342789	46	67	molecular interaction	T044	C1167622
28342789	72	82	modulation	T078	C1515926
28342789	86	104	microenvironmental	T070	C3179020
28342789	105	107	pH	T081	C0020283
28342789	113	123	alkalizers	T121	C0304463
28342789	127	143	solid dispersion	T122	C3859614
28342789	155	166	instability	T033	C0443343
28342789	170	202	esomeprazole magnesium dihydrate	T109,T121	C3883231
28342789	204	207	EPM	T109,T121	C3883231
28342789	212	233	proton pump inhibitor	T121	C0358591
28342789	238	251	gastric fluid	T031	C2828094
28342789	253	274	enteric-coated dosage	T122	C0039226
28342789	301	324	therapeutic application	T061	C0087111
28342789	334	339	study	T062	C2603343
28342789	357	370	gastric fluid	T031	C2828094
28342789	381	398	solid dispersions	T122	C3859614
28342789	400	403	SDs	T122	C3859614
28342789	416	426	alkalizers	T121	C0304463
28342789	484	498	pharmaceutical	T121	C0013227
28342789	499	509	alkalizers	T121	C0304463
28342789	517	524	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28342789	525	534	stability	T080	C0013210
28342789	538	541	EPM	T109,T121	C3883231
28342789	555	568	gastric fluid	T031	C2828094
28342789	591	600	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	609	611	SD	T122	C3859614
28342789	654	657	EPM	T109,T121	C3883231
28342789	659	688	hydroxypropyl methylcellulose	T109,T121	C0063242
28342789	690	694	HPMC	T109,T121	C0063242
28342789	710	719	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	724	731	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28342789	754	766	spray drying	T059	C3827958
28342789	783	792	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	813	821	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28342789	822	831	stability	T080	C0013210
28342789	856	869	gastric fluid	T031	C2828094
28342789	871	873	pH	T081	C0020283
28342789	878	884	buffer	T121,T130	C0006353
28342789	900	916	intestinal fluid	T033	C3670910
28342789	918	920	pH	T081	C0020283
28342789	925	931	buffer	T121,T130	C0006353
28342789	938	956	microenvironmental	T070	C3179020
28342789	957	959	pH	T081	C0020283
28342789	961	964	pHM	T081	C0020283
28342789	1009	1018	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	1026	1029	pHM	T081	C0020283
28342789	1033	1036	SDs	T122	C3859614
28342789	1043	1056	crystallinity	T104	C0444626
28342789	1061	1071	morphology	T080	C0332437
28342789	1079	1082	SDs	T122	C3859614
28342789	1105	1138	differential scanning calorimetry	T059	C0006780
28342789	1140	1143	DSC	T059	C0006780
28342789	1146	1170	powder X-ray diffraction	T059	C0043301
28342789	1172	1176	PXRD	T059	C0043301
28342789	1183	1211	scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
28342789	1213	1216	SEM	T059	C0026020
28342789	1223	1235	interactions	T169	C1704675
28342789	1242	1245	EPM	T109,T121	C3883231
28342789	1251	1258	polymer	T109,T121	C0063242
28342789	1268	1277	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	1297	1343	Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
28342789	1349	1356	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28342789	1357	1367	absorption	T067	C2347023
28342789	1368	1375	studies	T062	C2603343
28342789	1393	1402	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	1415	1417	SD	T122	C3859614
28342789	1426	1440	enteric-coated	T122	C0039226
28342789	1451	1457	tablet	T121	C0013227
28342789	1458	1464	Nexium	T109,T121	C0939400
28342789	1492	1503	beagle dogs	T015	C0324306
28342789	1511	1520	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	1524	1527	MgO	T121,T197	C0024477
28342789	1538	1541	SDs	T122	C3859614
28342789	1564	1573	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	1587	1590	EPM	T109,T121	C3883231
28342789	1604	1617	gastric fluid	T031	C2828094
28342789	1619	1622	pHM	T081	C0020283
28342789	1637	1646	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	1659	1662	SDs	T122	C3859614
28342789	1706	1708	SD	T122	C3859614
28342789	1717	1726	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	1732	1735	pHM	T081	C0020283
28342789	1777	1780	MgO	T121,T197	C0024477
28342789	1782	1788	Na2CO3	T109,T121	C0074732
28342789	1790	1797	Ca(OH)2	T121,T197	C0006701
28342789	1803	1805	no	T080	C0332288
28342789	1806	1815	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	1817	1820	DSC	T059	C0006780
28342789	1825	1829	PXRD	T059	C0043301
28342789	1861	1865	drug	T121	C0013227
28342789	1866	1879	crystallinity	T104	C0444626
28342789	1887	1890	SDs	T122	C3859614
28342789	1896	1907	crystalline	T104	C0444626
28342789	1911	1920	amorphous	T080	C1979848
28342789	1927	1930	SEM	T059	C0026020
28342789	1956	1971	spherical shape	T082	C0332501
28342789	1979	1982	MgO	T121,T197	C0024477
28342789	1991	1993	SD	T122	C3859614
28342789	2010	2022	less-defined	T080	C1518423
28342789	2023	2028	shape	T082	C0332479
28342789	2037	2041	drug	T121	C0013227
28342789	2043	2047	FTIR	T062	C0206055
28342789	2067	2088	molecular interaction	T044	C1167622
28342789	2095	2098	EPM	T109,T121	C3883231
28342789	2100	2109	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	2114	2121	polymer	T109,T121	C0063242
28342789	2138	2141	MgO	T121,T197	C0024477
28342789	2163	2174	interaction	T169	C1704675
28342789	2180	2183	EPM	T109,T121	C3883231
28342789	2205	2214	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	2215	2224	interacts	T169	C1704675
28342789	2230	2248	benzimidazole ring	T104	C1254350
28342789	2256	2270	sulfonyl group	T104	C1254350
28342789	2274	2277	EPM	T109,T121	C3883231
28342789	2292	2295	EPM	T109,T121	C3883231
28342789	2296	2305	stability	T080	C0013210
28342789	2309	2322	gastric fluid	T031	C2828094
28342789	2338	2345	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28342789	2346	2356	absorption	T067	C2347023
28342789	2357	2364	studies	T062	C2603343
28342789	2368	2379	beagle dogs	T015	C0324306
28342789	2395	2397	SD	T122	C3859614
28342789	2439	2445	Nexium	T109,T121	C0939400
28342789	2481	2491	absorption	T067	C2347023
28342789	2499	2511	early stages	T079	C2363430
28342789	2525	2534	alkalizer	T121	C0304463
28342789	2547	2549	SD	T122	C3859614
28342789	2589	2596	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28342789	2597	2610	stabilization	T080	C0013210
28342789	2614	2618	acid	T103	C0001128
28342789	2621	2627	labile	T033	C0443343
28342789	2628	2633	drugs	T121	C0013227
28342789	2634	2641	without	T080	C0332288
28342789	2648	2663	enteric coating	T122	C0039226

28342945|t|Cognitive impairment in first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia: Relationships with serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
28342945|a|Evidence suggests that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line -derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are important in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, which plays a key role in the cognitive processes in psychiatric disorders. Our work aimed at exploring the associations between serum BDNF and GDNF levels and cognitive functions in first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients with schizophrenia. The BDNF and GDNF levels of 58 FEDN patients and 55 age - and sex -matched healthy controls were measured and test subjects were examined using several neurocognitive tests including the verbal fluency test (VFT), the trail making test (TMT), the digit span test (DST), and the Stroop test. Patients performed significantly worse than controls in nearly all neurocognitive performances except the forward subscale part of the DST. BDNF levels were inversely correlated to TMT-part B scores and positively correlated to VFT-action in the FEDN group. GDNF levels showed a positive correlation with VFT-action scores and a negative correlation with TMT-part B scores of these patients. Current data suggests that cognitive dysfunction widely exists in the early stages of schizophrenia. BDNF and GDNF may be jointly contributed to the pathological mechanisms involved in cognitive impairment in FEDN patients with schizophrenia.
28342945	0	20	Cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28342945	24	37	first-episode	T079	C0439615
28342945	38	57	drug-naïve patients	T101	C0030705
28342945	63	76	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28342945	78	91	Relationships	T080	C0439849
28342945	97	117	serum concentrations	T081	C0683149
28342945	121	154	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	T116,T123	C0107103
28342945	159	202	glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor	T116,T123	C0207072
28342945	226	259	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	T116,T123	C0107103
28342945	261	265	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
28342945	271	315	glial cell line -derived neurotrophic factor	T116,T123	C0207072
28342945	317	321	GDNF	T116,T123	C0207072
28342945	344	377	regulation of synaptic plasticity	T042	C1326639
28342945	409	428	cognitive processes	T041	C0871689
28342945	432	453	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
28342945	487	499	associations	T080	C0439849
28342945	508	513	serum	T031	C0229671
28342945	514	518	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
28342945	523	527	GDNF	T116,T123	C0207072
28342945	539	558	cognitive functions	T041	C0392335
28342945	562	602	first-episode drug-naïve (FEDN) patients	T101	C0030705
28342945	608	621	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28342945	627	631	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
28342945	636	640	GDNF	T116,T123	C0207072
28342945	654	667	FEDN patients	T101	C0030705
28342945	675	678	age	T032	C0001779
28342945	685	688	sex	T032	C1522384
28342945	698	714	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28342945	733	746	test subjects	T096	C0681850
28342945	775	795	neurocognitive tests	T060	C0872227
28342945	810	829	verbal fluency test	T060	C0033905
28342945	831	834	VFT	T060	C0033905
28342945	841	858	trail making test	T170	C0040604
28342945	860	863	TMT	T170	C0040604
28342945	870	885	digit span test	T170	C0451577
28342945	887	890	DST	T170	C0451577
28342945	901	912	Stroop test	T060	C2718024
28342945	914	922	Patients	T101	C0030705
28342945	958	966	controls	T096	C0009932
28342945	981	1008	neurocognitive performances	T060	C0872227
28342945	1049	1052	DST	T170	C0451577
28342945	1054	1058	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
28342945	1059	1065	levels	T080	C0441889
28342945	1095	1112	TMT-part B scores	T080	C0237855
28342945	1142	1152	VFT-action	T060	C0033905
28342945	1172	1176	GDNF	T116,T123	C0207072
28342945	1177	1183	levels	T080	C0441889
28342945	1219	1236	VFT-action scores	T080	C0237855
28342945	1269	1286	TMT-part B scores	T080	C0237855
28342945	1296	1304	patients	T101	C0030705
28342945	1333	1354	cognitive dysfunction	T048	C0338656
28342945	1376	1388	early stages	T079	C2363430
28342945	1392	1405	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28342945	1407	1411	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
28342945	1416	1420	GDNF	T116,T123	C0207072
28342945	1455	1467	pathological	T169	C1521733
28342945	1468	1478	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28342945	1491	1511	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28342945	1515	1528	FEDN patients	T101	C0030705
28342945	1534	1547	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341

28343001|t|Comprehensive functional analysis of large lists of genes and proteins
28343001|a|The interpretation of high dimensional datasets resulting from genomic and proteomic experiments in a timely and efficient manner is challenging. ClueGO software is a Cytoscape App that extracts representative functional biological information for large lists of genes or proteins. The functional enrichment analysis is based on the latest publicly available data from multiple annotation and ontology resources that can be automatically accessed through ClueGO. Predefined settings for the selection of the terms are provided to facilitate the analysis. Results are visualized as networks in which Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathways are grouped based on their biological role. Many species are now supported by ClueGO and additional organisms are added on demand. ClueGO can be used together with the CluePedia App to enable the visualization of protein-protein interactions within or between pathways.
28343001	0	13	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28343001	14	33	functional analysis	T062	C0936012
28343001	52	57	genes	T028	C0017337
28343001	62	70	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28343001	75	89	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28343001	93	118	high dimensional datasets	T170	C0150098
28343001	134	141	genomic	T062	C0681814
28343001	146	167	proteomic experiments	T062	C0681814
28343001	217	232	ClueGO software	T073,T170	C0037585
28343001	238	251	Cytoscape App	T170	C3658280
28343001	292	302	biological	T080	C0205460
28343001	303	314	information	T078	C1533716
28343001	334	339	genes	T028	C0017337
28343001	343	351	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28343001	357	387	functional enrichment analysis	T062	C0936012
28343001	430	434	data	T078	C1511726
28343001	449	459	annotation	T170	C1706814
28343001	464	472	ontology	T090	C1518584
28343001	473	482	resources	T078	C0035201
28343001	495	508	automatically	T169	C0205554
28343001	509	517	accessed	T082	C0444454
28343001	526	532	ClueGO	T073,T170	C0037585
28343001	534	553	Predefined settings	T170	C4281677
28343001	562	571	selection	T052	C1707391
28343001	579	584	terms	T078	C1705313
28343001	616	624	analysis	T062	C0936012
28343001	626	633	Results	T169	C1274040
28343001	652	660	networks	T169	C1882071
28343001	670	683	Gene Ontology	T170	C1138831
28343001	685	687	GO	T170	C1138831
28343001	699	707	pathways	T077	C1705987
28343001	757	764	species	T185	C1705920
28343001	786	792	ClueGO	T073,T170	C0037585
28343001	808	817	organisms	T001	C0029235
28343001	839	845	ClueGO	T073,T170	C0037585
28343001	876	889	CluePedia App	T170	C3658280
28343001	921	949	protein-protein interactions	T044	C0872079
28343001	968	976	pathways	T077	C1705987

28343062|t|The material, moral, and affective worlds of dealing and crime among young men entrenched in an inner city drug scene
28343062|a|A large body of previous research has elucidated how involvement in drug dealing and crime among marginalized urban youth who use drugs is shaped by the imperatives of addiction and survival in the context of poverty. However, a growing body of research has examined how youth's involvement in these activities is shaped by more expansive desires and moralities. In this paper, we examine the material, moral, and affective worlds of loosely gang affiliated, street level dealing and crime among one group of young men in Vancouver, Canada. Drawing on longitudinal interviews with 44 young men from 2008 to 2016, and ethnographic fieldwork with a group of approximately 15 of those young men over the same time period, we argue that for these youth, dealing and crime were not solely about economic survival, or even the accrual of highly meaningful forms of "street capital" in the margins. Rather, as "regimes of living," dealing and crime also opened up new value systems, moral logics, and affects in relation to the tremendous risks, potential rewards, and crushing boredom of life in the margins. These activities were also understood as a way into deeply desired forms of social spatial belonging in the city, which had previously only been imagined. However, across time dealing and crime ultimately "embedded" young men in cycles of incarceration, destitution, addictions, and mental health crises that ultimately reinforced their exclusion -from legal employment, but also within the world of crime. The findings of this study underscore the importance of adopting a life course perspective in order to meaningfully address the harms associated with involvement in dealing and crime among youth in our setting.
28343062	4	12	material	T167	C0520510
28343062	14	19	moral	T078	C0026532
28343062	25	41	affective worlds	T041	C0871641
28343062	45	52	dealing	T057	C0687750
28343062	57	62	crime	T054	C0680456
28343062	69	78	young men	T100	C0238598
28343062	96	106	inner city	T083	C0557849
28343062	107	117	drug scene	UnknownType	C0814614
28343062	143	151	research	T062	C0035168
28343062	171	182	involvement	T169	C1314939
28343062	186	198	drug dealing	T057	C0687750
28343062	203	208	crime	T054	C0680456
28343062	228	233	urban	T083	C0442529
28343062	234	239	youth	T100	C0087178
28343062	248	253	drugs	T121,T131	C0027415
28343062	257	263	shaped	T082	C0332479
28343062	286	295	addiction	T048	C0085281
28343062	300	308	survival	T052	C0038952
28343062	327	334	poverty	T102	C0032854
28343062	347	371	growing body of research	T097	C0035173
28343062	389	396	youth's	T100	C0087178
28343062	432	438	shaped	T082	C0332479
28343062	457	464	desires	T041	C0871633
28343062	469	479	moralities	T078	C0026531
28343062	511	519	material	T167	C0520510
28343062	521	526	moral	T078	C0026532
28343062	532	548	affective worlds	T041	C0871641
28343062	560	575	gang affiliated	T098	C0680397
28343062	590	597	dealing	T057	C0687750
28343062	602	607	crime	T054	C0680456
28343062	627	636	young men	T100	C0238598
28343062	640	649	Vancouver	T083	C0017446
28343062	651	657	Canada	T083	C0006823
28343062	670	693	longitudinal interviews	T052	C0021822
28343062	702	711	young men	T100	C0087178
28343062	735	757	ethnographic fieldwork	T057	C0578393
28343062	765	770	group	T098	C1257890
28343062	800	809	young men	T100	C0087178
28343062	824	835	time period	T079	C1948053
28343062	861	866	youth	T100	C0087178
28343062	868	875	dealing	T057	C0687750
28343062	880	885	crime	T054	C0680456
28343062	908	926	economic survival,	T169	C0220921
28343062	939	946	accrual	T169	C2346721
28343062	1042	1049	dealing	T057	C0687750
28343062	1054	1059	crime	T054	C0680456
28343062	1075	1092	new value systems	T185	C0008902
28343062	1094	1106	moral logics	T078	C0026532
28343062	1139	1155	tremendous risks	T078	C0035647
28343062	1157	1174	potential rewards	T041	C0035397
28343062	1189	1204	boredom of life	T041	C0006019
28343062	1227	1237	activities	T052	C0441655
28343062	1280	1287	desired	T041	C0871633
28343062	1297	1321	social spatial belonging	T082	C1254362
28343062	1329	1333	city	T083	C0008848
28343062	1366	1374	imagined	T041	C0020913
28343062	1392	1396	time	T079	C0040223
28343062	1397	1404	dealing	T057	C0687750
28343062	1409	1414	crime	T054	C0680456
28343062	1437	1446	young men	T100	C0087178
28343062	1460	1473	incarceration	T033	C4237139
28343062	1475	1486	destitution	T033	C0557161
28343062	1488	1498	addictions	T048	C0085281
28343062	1504	1517	mental health	T041	C0025353
28343062	1518	1524	crises	T033	C0231224
28343062	1558	1567	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28343062	1574	1590	legal employment	T080	C0014003
28343062	1621	1626	crime	T054	C0680456
28343062	1632	1640	findings	T033	C0243095
28343062	1649	1654	study	T062	C2603343
28343062	1695	1706	life course	T079	C1510618
28343062	1707	1718	perspective	UnknownType	C0678958
28343062	1756	1761	harms	UnknownType	C0549012
28343062	1778	1789	involvement	T169	C1314939
28343062	1793	1800	dealing	T057	C0687750
28343062	1805	1810	crime	T054	C0680456
28343062	1817	1822	youth	T100	C0087178

28343418|t|Epigenetic factors as drivers of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis
28343418|a|Prolonged activation of fibroblasts is a central hallmark of fibrosing disorders such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). Fibroblasts are the key effector cells. They differentiate into an activated myofibroblast phenotype. In contrast to normal wound healing with transient activation, myofibroblasts persist in fibrosing disorders. Current hypothesis suggests that profibrotic cytokines might trigger epigenetic changes which contribute to the persistently activated fibroblast phenotype. In the last years, several epigenetic alterations have been described in SSc and have been linked to different pathogenic aspects of the disease, in particular to aberrant fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis, but also to vascular manifestations and inflammation. The focus of this review is the current knowledge on epigenetic changes in fibroblast activation in SSc.
28343418	0	10	Epigenetic	T045	C1516924
28343418	11	18	factors	T169	C1521761
28343418	33	41	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28343418	45	63	systemic sclerosis	T047	C0036421
28343418	64	73	Prolonged	T079	C0439590
28343418	74	99	activation of fibroblasts	T043	C3156591
28343418	125	144	fibrosing disorders	T047	C0011644
28343418	153	171	systemic sclerosis	T047	C0036421
28343418	173	176	SSc	T047	C0036421
28343418	179	190	Fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
28343418	212	217	cells	T025	C0007634
28343418	224	237	differentiate	T080	C0205615
28343418	246	255	activated	T052	C1879547
28343418	256	269	myofibroblast	T025	C0225360
28343418	270	279	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28343418	303	316	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28343418	322	342	transient activation	T043	C0007613
28343418	344	358	myofibroblasts	T025	C0225360
28343418	370	389	fibrosing disorders	T047	C0011644
28343418	399	409	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28343418	424	445	profibrotic cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28343418	460	478	epigenetic changes	T045	C1516924
28343418	503	515	persistently	T078	C0750508
28343418	516	525	activated	T052	C1879547
28343418	526	536	fibroblast	T025	C0016030
28343418	537	546	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28343418	560	565	years	T079	C0439234
28343418	575	597	epigenetic alterations	T045	C1516924
28343418	621	624	SSc	T047	C0036421
28343418	659	677	pathogenic aspects	T169	C0543483
28343418	685	692	disease	T047	C0012634
28343418	711	719	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28343418	720	741	fibroblast activation	T043	C3156591
28343418	746	752	tissue	T024	C0040300
28343418	753	761	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28343418	775	783	vascular	T080	C1801960
28343418	784	798	manifestations	T169	C0205319
28343418	803	815	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28343418	835	841	review	T170	C0282441
28343418	870	888	epigenetic changes	T045	C1516924
28343418	892	913	fibroblast activation	T043	C3156591
28343418	917	920	SSc	T047	C0036421

28343423|t|Management of precipitated opiate withdrawal syndrome induced by nalmefene mistakenly prescribed in opiate - dependent patients: a review for clinicians
28343423|a|Nalmefene, a long-acting µ-opioid antagonist approved to treat alcohol use disorder, is occasionally mistakenly prescribed to opiate - dependent or opioid - treated patients. We review recent literature on drug-drug interactions between nalmefene and opioids that lead to precipitated opioid withdrawal, and focus on its management and planning for care at discharge. Areas covered: This article provides a brief and comprehensive review of management of precipitated opioid withdrawal syndrome when nalmefene is associated with an opioid, whether misused or legally prescribed. Expert opinion: When treating an opiate - dependent patient with co-occurring alcohol use disorder, both conditions need to be a focus of clinical attention. New drugs for alcohol use disorder have been approved, but must be given cautiously and with a full understanding of their potential drug-drug interactions with opioid medications. Opiate - dependent patients should be intensively monitored for risk factors of alcohol use disorder and should be continuously motivated for treatment maintenance. When nalmefene is administered to opiate - dependent patients, acute opioid withdrawal syndrome may occur. Management of precipitated acute opioid withdrawal may include short or long-acting µ-opioid agonists during hospitalization, in addition to supportive treatment. The best management of polydrug abusers is based on a multidisciplinary approach, which should be pursued and improved through continuing medical education.
28343423	0	10	Management	T061	C1536570
28343423	14	53	precipitated opiate withdrawal syndrome	T048	C3274502
28343423	54	61	induced	T169	C0205263
28343423	65	74	nalmefene	T109,T121	C0068377
28343423	86	96	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28343423	100	106	opiate	T121,T131	C0376196
28343423	109	127	dependent patients	T169	C0581116
28343423	131	137	review	T170	C0282443
28343423	142	152	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28343423	153	162	Nalmefene	T109,T121	C0068377
28343423	166	197	long-acting µ-opioid antagonist	T121	C3536879
28343423	198	206	approved	T080	C0205540
28343423	210	215	treat	T169	C1522326
28343423	216	236	alcohol use disorder	T048	C0001956
28343423	241	253	occasionally	T079	C1998882
28343423	265	275	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28343423	279	285	opiate	T121,T131	C0376196
28343423	288	297	dependent	T169	C0581116
28343423	301	307	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28343423	310	317	treated	T169	C1522326
28343423	318	326	patients	T101	C0030705
28343423	331	337	review	T078	C1552617
28343423	345	355	literature	T170	C0023866
28343423	359	381	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
28343423	390	399	nalmefene	T109,T121	C0068377
28343423	404	411	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28343423	425	455	precipitated opioid withdrawal	T048	C0029104
28343423	474	484	management	T061	C1536570
28343423	489	497	planning	T169	C1301732
28343423	502	506	care	T058	C0017313
28343423	510	519	discharge	T058	C0030685
28343423	570	590	comprehensive review	T058	C3494708
28343423	608	647	precipitated opioid withdrawal syndrome	T048	C3274502
28343423	653	662	nalmefene	T109,T121	C0068377
28343423	666	681	associated with	T080	C0332281
28343423	685	691	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28343423	701	708	misused	T033	C1997897
28343423	712	719	legally	T169	C1301860
28343423	720	730	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28343423	732	746	Expert opinion	T077	C0600219
28343423	753	761	treating	T169	C1522326
28343423	765	771	opiate	T121,T131	C0376196
28343423	774	791	dependent patient	T169	C0581116
28343423	810	830	alcohol use disorder	T048	C0001956
28343423	837	847	conditions	T080	C0348080
28343423	870	888	clinical attention	T080	C0205210
28343423	890	893	New	T080	C0205314
28343423	894	899	drugs	T121	C0013227
28343423	904	924	alcohol use disorder	T048	C0001956
28343423	935	943	approved	T080	C0205540
28343423	1013	1022	potential	T080	C3245505
28343423	1023	1045	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
28343423	1051	1057	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28343423	1058	1069	medications	T170	C4284232
28343423	1071	1077	Opiate	T121,T131	C0376196
28343423	1080	1098	dependent patients	T169	C0581116
28343423	1135	1147	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28343423	1151	1171	alcohol use disorder	T048	C0001956
28343423	1213	1234	treatment maintenance	T061	C0814469
28343423	1241	1250	nalmefene	T109,T121	C0068377
28343423	1254	1266	administered	T058	C0806914
28343423	1270	1276	opiate	T121,T131	C0376196
28343423	1279	1297	dependent patients	T169	C0581116
28343423	1299	1304	acute	T079	C0205178
28343423	1305	1331	opioid withdrawal syndrome	T048	C3274502
28343423	1336	1341	occur	T052	C1709305
28343423	1343	1353	Management	T061	C1536570
28343423	1370	1375	acute	T079	C0205178
28343423	1376	1393	opioid withdrawal	T048	C0029104
28343423	1398	1405	include	T052	C2700399
28343423	1415	1444	long-acting µ-opioid agonists	T044	C1373059
28343423	1452	1467	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28343423	1484	1504	supportive treatment	T061	C0344211
28343423	1515	1525	management	T058	C1610129
28343423	1529	1545	polydrug abusers	T033	C0556390
28343423	1560	1586	multidisciplinary approach	T060	C0729737
28343423	1616	1624	improved	T033	C0184511
28343423	1625	1632	through	T169	C0332273
28343423	1633	1661	continuing medical education	T078	C1553904

28343654|t|Negative concordant T waves during paced ventricular rhythm: An honest enemy is better than a false friend
28343654|a|The ECG diagnosis of myocardial infarction and ischemia in pacemaker patients is often challenging. The three criteria, proposed by Sgarbossa et al. in 1996, useful to suspect myocardial ischaemia in patient with left bundle branch block were demonstrated to be valid also in pacemaker patients. In the last years, concordant negative T waves in patients with ventricular paced rhythm were linked to various expressions of acute myocardial injury. If available, comparison with previous ECG is crucial. Partial persistence of cardiac memory during fusion beats created an anomalous concordance between negative T waves and QRS axis and could induce erroneous suspicions. AV delay modification could help to unmask this situation.
28343654	0	8	Negative	T033	C0205160
28343654	20	27	T waves	T201	C0429104
28343654	35	59	paced ventricular rhythm	T033	C1168318
28343654	111	114	ECG	T033	C0013798
28343654	115	124	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28343654	128	149	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28343654	154	162	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28343654	166	175	pacemaker	T074	C0178611
28343654	176	184	patients	T101	C0030705
28343654	217	225	criteria	T078	C0243161
28343654	283	303	myocardial ischaemia	T047	C0151744
28343654	307	314	patient	T101	C0030705
28343654	320	344	left bundle branch block	T047	C0023211
28343654	383	392	pacemaker	T074	C0178611
28343654	393	401	patients	T101	C0030705
28343654	433	441	negative	T033	C0205160
28343654	442	449	T waves	T201	C0429104
28343654	453	461	patients	T101	C0030705
28343654	467	491	ventricular paced rhythm	T033	C1168318
28343654	515	526	expressions	T061	C0185117
28343654	536	553	myocardial injury	T037	C0746730
28343654	594	597	ECG	T033	C0013798
28343654	618	647	persistence of cardiac memory	T033	C0243095
28343654	655	667	fusion beats	T046	C0232213
28343654	679	688	anomalous	T033	C3277934
28343654	709	717	negative	T033	C0205160
28343654	718	725	T waves	T201	C0429104
28343654	730	738	QRS axis	T201	C0429012
28343654	756	765	erroneous	T078	C1547323
28343654	766	776	suspicions	T041	C0242114
28343654	778	786	AV delay	T033	C0243095
28343654	787	799	modification	T033	C3840684

28343993|t|Discovering key residues of dengue virus NS2b-NS3-protease: New binding sites for antiviral inhibitors design
28343993|a|The NS2B-NS3 protease is essential for the Dengue Virus (DENV) replication process. This complex constitutes a target for efficient antiviral discovery because a drug could inhibit the viral polyprotein processing. Furthermore, since the protease is highly conserved between the four Dengue virus serotypes, it is probable that a drug would be equally effective against all of them. In this article, a strategy is reported that allowed us to identify influential residues on the function of the Dengue NS2b-NS3 Protease. Moreover, this is a strategy that could be applied to virtually any protein for the search of alternative influential residues, and for non-competitive inhibitor development. First, we incorporated several features derived from computational alanine scanning mutagenesis, sequence, structure conservation, and other structure -based characteristics. Second, these features were used as variables to obtain a multilayer perceptron model to identify defined groups (clusters) of key residues as possible candidate pockets for binding sites of new leads on the DENV protease. The identified residues included: i) amino acids close to the beta sheet -loop- beta sheet known to be important in its closed conformation for NS2b ii) residues close to the active site, iii) several residues evenly spread on the NS2b-NS3 contact surface, and iv) some inner residues most likely related to the overall stability of the protease. In addition, we found concordance on our list of residues with previously identified amino acids part of a highly conserved peptide studied for vaccine development.
28343993	16	24	residues	T077	C1709915
28343993	28	40	dengue virus	T005	C0011315
28343993	41	58	NS2b-NS3-protease	T116,T126	C1612175
28343993	64	77	binding sites	T192	C0005456
28343993	82	102	antiviral inhibitors	UnknownType	C0042771
28343993	114	131	NS2B-NS3 protease	T116,T126	C1612175
28343993	153	165	Dengue Virus	T005	C0011315
28343993	167	171	DENV	T005	C0011315
28343993	173	192	replication process	T045	C1514849
28343993	199	206	complex	T026	C1167179
28343993	221	227	target	T169	C1521840
28343993	242	251	antiviral	T121	C0003451
28343993	252	261	discovery	T052	C1880355
28343993	272	276	drug	T121	C1254351
28343993	295	323	viral polyprotein processing	T043	C1159314
28343993	348	356	protease	T116,T126	C1947941
28343993	367	376	conserved	T086	C0009802
28343993	394	406	Dengue virus	T005	C0011315
28343993	407	416	serotypes	T170	C0449943
28343993	440	444	drug	T121	C1254351
28343993	561	572	influential	T078	C0021399
28343993	573	581	residues	T077	C1709915
28343993	605	611	Dengue	T005	C0011315
28343993	612	629	NS2b-NS3 Protease	T116,T126	C1612175
28343993	699	706	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28343993	737	748	influential	T078	C0021399
28343993	749	757	residues	T077	C1709915
28343993	767	792	non-competitive inhibitor	UnknownType	C0815027
28343993	793	804	development	T169	C1527148
28343993	859	872	computational	T091	C0376528
28343993	873	880	alanine	T116,T123	C0001898
28343993	881	901	scanning mutagenesis	T063	C1517890
28343993	903	911	sequence	T086	C0314659
28343993	913	935	structure conservation	T086	C0009802
28343993	947	956	structure	T082	C0678594
28343993	964	979	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28343993	1039	1066	multilayer perceptron model	T170	C0870951
28343993	1087	1093	groups	T078	C0441833
28343993	1112	1120	residues	T077	C1709915
28343993	1155	1168	binding sites	T192	C0005456
28343993	1189	1193	DENV	T005	C0011315
28343993	1194	1202	protease	T116,T126	C1947941
28343993	1219	1227	residues	T077	C1709915
28343993	1241	1252	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28343993	1266	1276	beta sheet	T082	C0162806
28343993	1284	1294	beta sheet	T082	C0162806
28343993	1324	1343	closed conformation	T082	C0033625
28343993	1348	1352	NS2b	T116,T126	C1612175
28343993	1357	1365	residues	T077	C1709915
28343993	1379	1390	active site	T169	C0205681
28343993	1405	1413	residues	T077	C1709915
28343993	1435	1443	NS2b-NS3	T116,T126	C1612175
28343993	1480	1488	residues	T077	C1709915
28343993	1524	1533	stability	T080	C0205360
28343993	1541	1549	protease	T116,T126	C1947941
28343993	1600	1608	residues	T077	C1709915
28343993	1636	1647	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28343993	1675	1682	peptide	T116	C0030956
28343993	1695	1714	vaccine development	T062	C0597634

28344199|t|Association of Toll-Like Receptor 4 on Human Monocyte Subsets and Vulnerability Characteristics of Coronary Plaque as Assessed by 64-Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography
28344199|a|Although Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) is involved in monocyte activation in patients with accelerated forms of atherosclerosis, the relationship between the expression of TLR-4 on circulating monocyte s and coronary plaque vulnerability has not previously been evaluated. We investigated this relationship using 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP).Methods and Results:We enrolled 65 patients with SAP who underwent MDCT. Three monocyte subsets (CD14(++)CD16(-), CD14(++)CD16(+), and CD14(+)CD16(+)) and expression of TLR-4 were measured by flow cytometry. Intracoronary plaques were assessed by 64-slice MDCT. We defined vulnerability of intracoronary plaques according to the presence of positive remodeling (remodeling index >1.05) and/or low CT attenuation (<35 HU). The circulating CD14(++)CD16(+)monocytes more frequently expressed TLR-4 than CD14(++)CD16(-) and CD14(+)CD16(+)monocytes (P<0.001). The relative proportion of the expression of TLR-4 on CD14(++)CD16(+)monocytes was significantly greater in patients with vulnerable plaque compared with those without (10.4 [4.1-14.5] % vs. 4.5 [2.8-7.8] %, P=0.012). In addition, the relative proportion of TLR-4 expression on CD14(++)CD16(+)monocytes positively correlated with the remodeling index (r=0.28, P=0.025) and negatively correlated with CT attenuation value (r=-0.31, P=0.013). Upregulation of TLR-4 on CD14(++)CD16(+)monocytes might be associated with coronary plaque vulnerability in patients with SAP.
28344199	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28344199	15	35	Toll-Like Receptor 4	T116,T192	C1411976
28344199	39	44	Human	T016	C0086418
28344199	45	53	Monocyte	T025	C0026473
28344199	54	61	Subsets	T185	C1515021
28344199	66	79	Vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28344199	80	95	Characteristics	T080	C1521970
28344199	99	107	Coronary	T023	C0018787
28344199	108	114	Plaque	T033	C0332461
28344199	118	126	Assessed	T052	C1516048
28344199	130	172	64-Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography	T060	C3179130
28344199	182	202	Toll-like receptor 4	T116,T192	C1411976
28344199	204	209	TLR-4	T116,T192	C1411976
28344199	226	245	monocyte activation	T043	C1155075
28344199	249	257	patients	T101	C0030705
28344199	263	274	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28344199	284	299	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28344199	305	317	relationship	T080	C0439849
28344199	330	340	expression	T045	C0597360
28344199	344	349	TLR-4	T116,T192	C1411976
28344199	353	364	circulating	T169	C0175630
28344199	365	373	monocyte	T025	C0026473
28344199	380	388	coronary	T023	C0018787
28344199	389	395	plaque	T033	C0332461
28344199	396	409	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28344199	434	443	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28344199	466	478	relationship	T080	C0439849
28344199	485	527	64-slice multidetector computed tomography	T060	C3179130
28344199	529	533	MDCT	T060	C3179130
28344199	538	546	patients	T101	C0030705
28344199	552	574	stable angina pectoris	T047	C0340288
28344199	576	579	SAP	T047	C0340288
28344199	616	624	patients	T101	C0030705
28344199	630	633	SAP	T047	C0340288
28344199	648	652	MDCT	T060	C3179130
28344199	660	668	monocyte	T025	C0026473
28344199	669	676	subsets	T185	C1515021
28344199	678	693	CD14(++)CD16(-)	T025	C0026473
28344199	695	710	CD14(++)CD16(+)	T025	C0026473
28344199	716	730	CD14(+)CD16(+)	T025	C0026473
28344199	736	746	expression	T045	C0597360
28344199	750	755	TLR-4	T116,T192	C1411976
28344199	773	787	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28344199	789	802	Intracoronary	T023	C0018787
28344199	803	810	plaques	T033	C0332461
28344199	816	824	assessed	T052	C1516048
28344199	828	841	64-slice MDCT	T060	C3179130
28344199	854	867	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28344199	871	884	intracoronary	T023	C0018787
28344199	885	892	plaques	T033	C0332461
28344199	922	941	positive remodeling	T046	C3854505
28344199	943	959	remodeling index	T033	C0243095
28344199	978	980	CT	T060	C0040405
28344199	981	992	attenuation	T081	C2986722
28344199	1007	1018	circulating	T169	C0175630
28344199	1019	1043	CD14(++)CD16(+)monocytes	T025	C0026473
28344199	1060	1069	expressed	T045	C0597360
28344199	1070	1075	TLR-4	T116,T192	C1411976
28344199	1081	1096	CD14(++)CD16(-)	T025	C0026473
28344199	1101	1124	CD14(+)CD16(+)monocytes	T025	C0026473
28344199	1167	1177	expression	T045	C0597360
28344199	1181	1186	TLR-4	T116,T192	C1411976
28344199	1190	1214	CD14(++)CD16(+)monocytes	T025	C0026473
28344199	1244	1252	patients	T101	C0030705
28344199	1258	1275	vulnerable plaque	T033	C0332461
28344199	1394	1399	TLR-4	T116,T192	C1411976
28344199	1400	1410	expression	T045	C0597360
28344199	1414	1438	CD14(++)CD16(+)monocytes	T025	C0026473
28344199	1450	1460	correlated	T080	C1707520
28344199	1470	1486	remodeling index	T033	C0243095
28344199	1520	1530	correlated	T080	C1707520
28344199	1536	1538	CT	T060	C0040405
28344199	1539	1556	attenuation value	T081	C2986722
28344199	1577	1589	Upregulation	T044	C0949479
28344199	1593	1598	TLR-4	T116,T192	C1411976
28344199	1602	1626	CD14(++)CD16(+)monocytes	T025	C0026473
28344199	1636	1651	associated with	T080	C0332281
28344199	1652	1660	coronary	T023	C0018787
28344199	1661	1667	plaque	T033	C0332461
28344199	1668	1681	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28344199	1685	1693	patients	T101	C0030705
28344199	1699	1702	SAP	T047	C0340288

28344590|t|Proteome Profiling of Paulownia Seedlings Infected with Phytoplasma
28344590|a|Phytoplasma is an insect - transmitted pathogen that causes witches' broom disease in many plants. Paulownia witches' broom is one of the most destructive diseases threatening Paulownia production. The molecular mechanisms associated with this disease have been investigated by transcriptome sequencing, but changes in protein abundance have not been investigated with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. Previous results have shown that methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) can help Paulownia seedlings recover from the symptoms of witches' broom and reinstate a healthy morphology. In this study, a transcriptomic-assisted proteomic technique was used to analyze the protein changes in phytoplasma - infected Paulownia tomentosa seedlings, phytoplasma - infected seedlings treated with 20 and 60 mg·L(-1) MMS, and healthy seedlings. A total of 2,051 proteins were obtained, 879 of which were found to be differentially abundant in pairwise comparisons between the sample groups. Among the differentially abundant proteins, 43 were related to Paulownia witches' broom disease and many of them were annotated to be involved in photosynthesis, expression of dwarf symptom, energy production, and cell signal pathways.
28344590	0	8	Proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
28344590	9	18	Profiling	T059	C0444680
28344590	22	31	Paulownia	T002	C1008086
28344590	32	41	Seedlings	T002	C0242437
28344590	42	50	Infected	T033	C0439663
28344590	56	67	Phytoplasma	T007	C1004784
28344590	68	79	Phytoplasma	T007	C1004784
28344590	86	92	insect	T204	C0021585
28344590	95	106	transmitted	T169	C0332289
28344590	107	115	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28344590	128	150	witches' broom disease	T047	C0012634
28344590	159	165	plants	T002	C0032098
28344590	167	176	Paulownia	T002	C1008086
28344590	177	191	witches' broom	T047	C0012634
28344590	223	231	diseases	T047	C0012634
28344590	244	253	Paulownia	T002	C1008086
28344590	254	264	production	T057	C0033268
28344590	270	290	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1148560
28344590	312	319	disease	T047	C0012634
28344590	330	342	investigated	T169	C1292732
28344590	346	370	transcriptome sequencing	T059	C4086963
28344590	376	383	changes	T169	C0392747
28344590	387	394	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28344590	395	404	abundance	T080	C2346714
28344590	419	431	investigated	T169	C1292732
28344590	437	489	isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation	T059	C0022885
28344590	500	507	results	T169	C1274040
28344590	524	548	methyl methane sulfonate	T109,T121,T131	C0025706
28344590	550	553	MMS	T109,T121,T131	C0025706
28344590	564	573	Paulownia	T002	C1008086
28344590	574	583	seedlings	T002	C0242437
28344590	584	596	recover from	T080	C0521108
28344590	601	609	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28344590	613	627	witches' broom	T047	C0012634
28344590	632	641	reinstate	T079	C0678335
28344590	644	651	healthy	T080	C3898900
28344590	652	662	morphology	T080	C0332437
28344590	672	677	study	T062	C2603343
28344590	681	724	transcriptomic-assisted proteomic technique	T059	C1327760
28344590	737	744	analyze	T062	C0936012
28344590	749	756	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28344590	757	764	changes	T169	C0392747
28344590	768	779	phytoplasma	T007	C1004784
28344590	782	790	infected	T033	C0439663
28344590	791	810	Paulownia tomentosa	T002	C1008151
28344590	811	820	seedlings	T002	C0242437
28344590	822	833	phytoplasma	T007	C1004784
28344590	836	844	infected	T033	C0439663
28344590	845	854	seedlings	T002	C0242437
28344590	855	862	treated	T169	C1522326
28344590	887	890	MMS	T109,T121,T131	C0025706
28344590	896	903	healthy	T080	C3898900
28344590	904	913	seedlings	T002	C0242437
28344590	932	940	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28344590	1001	1009	abundant	T080	C2346714
28344590	1013	1033	pairwise comparisons	T081	C0086766
28344590	1053	1059	groups	T078	C0441833
28344590	1086	1094	abundant	T080	C2346714
28344590	1095	1103	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28344590	1124	1133	Paulownia	T002	C1008086
28344590	1134	1156	witches' broom disease	T047	C0012634
28344590	1207	1221	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
28344590	1237	1250	dwarf symptom	T184	C1457887
28344590	1252	1258	energy	T081	C1442080
28344590	1259	1269	production	T169	C0391871
28344590	1275	1279	cell	T025	C3178867
28344590	1280	1295	signal pathways	T044	C0037080

28344660|t|Predictive biomarkers and effectiveness of MUC1 -targeted dendritic-cell -based vaccine in patients with refractory non-small cell lung cancer
28344660|a|The dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine targeting the highly immunogenic tumor antigen, MUC1, has been promising for a cancer immunotherapy; however, predictive biomarkers for beneficial clinical responses of the vaccine remain to be determined. DCs loaded with MUC1-derived peptide were subcutaneously administered to patients with MUC1-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that was refractory to standard anticancer therapies, every 2 weeks. The effectiveness and tolerability of the vaccine were evaluated, and predictive biomarkers of clinical responses were explored. Between August 2005 and May 2015, 40 patients received the vaccines. The median survival time (MST) after the initial vaccination was 7.4 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 25.0%. The MST for patients who received more than six vaccinations was 9.5 months, and the 1-year survival rate was 39.3%. In this cohort, patients who experienced immune-related adverse events, including skin reactions at the vaccination site and fever, had significantly longer survival times compared with patients without those immune-related adverse events (12.6 versus 6.7 months, p = 0.042). Longer survival times were also observed in patients whose peripheral white blood cells contained >20.0% lymphocytes (12.6 versus 4.5 months; p = 0.014). MUC1 -specific cytotoxic immune responses were achieved in all of seven patients analyzed who received six vaccinations. The MUC1 -targeted DC -based vaccine induced an antitumor immune response that promoted prolonged survival of patients with refractory NSCLC. The occurrence of immune-related adverse events and having a higher percentage of peripheral lymphocytes were predictive biomarkers of a beneficial clinical response during cancer immunotherapy for NSCLC.
28344660	0	21	Predictive biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28344660	43	47	MUC1	T116,T129	C0006611
28344660	58	72	dendritic-cell	T025	C0011306
28344660	80	87	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28344660	91	99	patients	T101	C0030705
28344660	105	115	refractory	T191	C0677936
28344660	116	142	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28344660	147	161	dendritic cell	T025	C0011306
28344660	163	165	DC	T025	C0011306
28344660	173	180	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28344660	202	227	immunogenic tumor antigen	T116,T129	C0006611
28344660	229	233	MUC1	T116,T129	C0006611
28344660	260	280	cancer immunotherapy	T061	C0278348
28344660	291	312	predictive biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28344660	328	346	clinical responses	T033	C4055223
28344660	354	361	vaccine	T116,T121,T129	C1711297
28344660	387	390	DCs	T025	C0011306
28344660	403	423	MUC1-derived peptide	T116,T121,T129	C1711297
28344660	429	456	subcutaneously administered	T033	C1736929
28344660	460	468	patients	T101	C0030705
28344660	474	487	MUC1-positive	T116,T129	C0006611
28344660	488	514	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28344660	516	521	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28344660	532	542	refractory	T191	C0677936
28344660	555	575	anticancer therapies	T061	C0920425
28344660	596	609	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28344660	614	626	tolerability	T062	C3274448
28344660	634	641	vaccine	T116,T121,T129	C1711297
28344660	662	683	predictive biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28344660	687	705	clinical responses	T033	C4055223
28344660	758	766	patients	T101	C0030705
28344660	780	788	vaccines	T116,T121,T129	C1711297
28344660	794	814	median survival time	T079	C2986586
28344660	816	819	MST	T079	C2986586
28344660	839	850	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28344660	882	895	survival rate	T081	C0038954
28344660	911	914	MST	T079	C2986586
28344660	919	927	patients	T101	C0030705
28344660	955	967	vaccinations	T061	C0042196
28344660	999	1012	survival rate	T081	C0038954
28344660	1032	1038	cohort	T098	C0599755
28344660	1040	1048	patients	T101	C0030705
28344660	1065	1094	immune-related adverse events	T046	C0877248
28344660	1106	1144	skin reactions at the vaccination site	T046	C1142480
28344660	1149	1154	fever	T046	C2349672
28344660	1174	1195	longer survival times	T201	C2919552
28344660	1210	1218	patients	T101	C0030705
28344660	1233	1262	immune-related adverse events	T046	C0877248
28344660	1300	1321	Longer survival times	T201	C2919552
28344660	1344	1352	patients	T101	C0030705
28344660	1359	1387	peripheral white blood cells	T059	C0023508
28344660	1405	1416	lymphocytes	T059	C0200635
28344660	1454	1458	MUC1	T116,T121,T129	C1711297
28344660	1469	1495	cytotoxic immune responses	T043	C1817908
28344660	1526	1534	patients	T101	C0030705
28344660	1561	1573	vaccinations	T061	C0042196
28344660	1579	1583	MUC1	T116,T121,T129	C1711297
28344660	1594	1596	DC	T025	C0011306
28344660	1604	1611	vaccine	T116,T121,T129	C1711297
28344660	1623	1632	antitumor	T080	C2986475
28344660	1633	1648	immune response	T042	C0301872
28344660	1663	1681	prolonged survival	T201	C2919552
28344660	1685	1693	patients	T101	C0030705
28344660	1699	1709	refractory	T191	C0677936
28344660	1710	1715	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28344660	1735	1764	immune-related adverse events	T046	C0877248
28344660	1799	1821	peripheral lymphocytes	T059	C0200635
28344660	1827	1848	predictive biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28344660	1865	1882	clinical response	T033	C4055223
28344660	1890	1910	cancer immunotherapy	T061	C0278348
28344660	1915	1920	NSCLC	T191	C0007131

28345005|t|Chronic Enzyme Replacement to the Brain of a Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Mouse Has Differential Effects on Phenotypes of Disease
28345005|a|Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of lysosomal protease tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1). We have investigated the effects of chronic intrathecal (IT) administration using enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) to the brain of an LINCL mouse model, in which locomotor function declines dramatically prior to early death. Median lifespan was significantly extended from 126 days to >259 days when chronic IT treatment was initiated before the onset of disease. While treated animals lived longer and showed little sign of locomotor dysfunction as measured by stride length, some or all (depending on regimen) still died prematurely. One explanation is that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-mediated delivery may not deliver TPP1 to all brain regions. Morphological studies support this, showing delivery of TPP1 to ventral, but not deeper and dorsal regions. When IT treatment is initiated in severely affected LINCL mice, lifespan was extended modestly in most but dramatically extended in approximately one-third of the cohort. Treatment improved locomotor function in these severely compromised animals after it had declined to the point at which animals normally die. This indicates that some pathology in LINCL is reversible and does not simply reflect neuronal death.
28345005	0	26	Chronic Enzyme Replacement	T061	C0598391
28345005	34	39	Brain	T023	C0006104
28345005	45	90	Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis	T047	C0022340
28345005	91	96	Mouse	T015	C0025929
28345005	114	121	Effects	T080	C1280500
28345005	125	135	Phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28345005	139	146	Disease	T047	C0012634
28345005	147	192	Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis	T047	C0022340
28345005	194	199	LINCL	T047	C0022340
28345005	206	211	fatal	T080	C1302234
28345005	222	247	neurodegenerative disease	T047	C0524851
28345005	266	308	lysosomal protease tripeptidyl peptidase 1	T116,T126	C1430948
28345005	310	314	TPP1	T116,T126	C1430948
28345005	342	349	effects	T080	C1280500
28345005	353	392	chronic intrathecal (IT) administration	T169	C0677897
28345005	399	425	enzyme replacement therapy	T061	C0598391
28345005	427	430	ERT	T061	C0598391
28345005	439	444	brain	T023	C0006104
28345005	451	456	LINCL	T047	C0022340
28345005	457	468	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28345005	479	497	locomotor function	T038	C0234130
28345005	529	540	early death	T033	C1836407
28345005	549	557	lifespan	T102	C0870809
28345005	594	598	days	T079	C0439228
28345005	607	611	days	T079	C0439228
28345005	617	637	chronic IT treatment	T061	C1831734
28345005	663	668	onset	T079	C0449244
28345005	672	679	disease	T047	C0012634
28345005	695	702	animals	T008	C0003062
28345005	742	763	locomotor dysfunction	T033	C0521654
28345005	835	839	died	T040	C0011065
28345005	877	896	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
28345005	898	901	CSF	T031	C0007806
28345005	912	920	delivery	T169	C1705822
28345005	929	936	deliver	T169	C1705822
28345005	937	941	TPP1	T116,T126	C1530775
28345005	949	962	brain regions	T029	C1273723
28345005	964	977	Morphological	T082	C0543482
28345005	978	985	studies	T062	C2603343
28345005	1008	1016	delivery	T169	C1705822
28345005	1020	1024	TPP1	T116,T126	C1530775
28345005	1028	1035	ventral	T029	C1273723
28345005	1056	1070	dorsal regions	T029	C1273723
28345005	1077	1089	IT treatment	T061	C1831734
28345005	1106	1114	severely	T080	C0205082
28345005	1115	1123	affected	T169	C0392760
28345005	1124	1129	LINCL	T047	C0022340
28345005	1130	1134	mice	T015	C0025929
28345005	1136	1144	lifespan	T102	C0870809
28345005	1235	1241	cohort	T098	C0599755
28345005	1243	1252	Treatment	T169	C1522326
28345005	1262	1280	locomotor function	T038	C0234130
28345005	1311	1318	animals	T008	C0003062
28345005	1363	1370	animals	T008	C0003062
28345005	1380	1383	die	T040	C0011065
28345005	1410	1419	pathology	T046	C0677042
28345005	1423	1428	LINCL	T047	C0022340
28345005	1432	1442	reversible	T169	C0205343
28345005	1471	1485	neuronal death	T043	C2754100

28345022|t|Ex Vivo Oncolytic Virotherapy with Myxoma Virus Arms Multiple Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant Leukocytes to Enhance Graft versus Tumor
28345022|a|Allogeneic stem cell transplant -derived T cells have the potential to seek and eliminate sites of residual cancer that escaped primary therapy. Oncolytic myxoma virus (MYXV) exhibits potent anti-cancer efficacy against human cancers like multiple myeloma (MM) and can arm transplant -derived T cells to become more effective cancer killers in vitro and in an immunodeficient xenotransplant murine model. Here, we tested ex vivo MYXV virotherapy against residual murine MM in immunocompetent mice using an allogeneic mouse-mouse model. In contrast to all human MM cell lines previously tested, the murine MM cell line tested here was highly resistant to direct MYXV infection and oncolysis in vitro. Despite this in vitro resistance, we found that ex vivo MYXV -armed allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation dramatically ablated pre-seeded residual MM in vivo. Unexpectedly, we show that both neutrophils and activated T cells from the donor function as virus-armed carrier cells, and MYXV -preloaded cells enhanced MM killing. Our results demonstrate a novel therapeutic paradigm for residual cancer, in which multiple classes of allotransplant leukocytes can be armed by MYXV ex vivo to enhance the graft-versus-tumor effects.
28345022	0	7	Ex Vivo	T169	C2348480
28345022	8	29	Oncolytic Virotherapy	T061	C1563738
28345022	35	47	Myxoma Virus	T005	C0027150
28345022	62	95	Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant	T061	C0398533
28345022	96	106	Leukocytes	T025	C0023516
28345022	118	136	Graft versus Tumor	T042	C0600555
28345022	137	168	Allogeneic stem cell transplant	T061	C4255274
28345022	178	185	T cells	T025	C0039194
28345022	236	251	residual cancer	T191	C0242594
28345022	265	280	primary therapy	T061	C1708063
28345022	282	291	Oncolytic	T080	C1518581
28345022	292	304	myxoma virus	T005	C0027150
28345022	306	310	MYXV	T005	C0027150
28345022	328	339	anti-cancer	T109,T121	C0003392
28345022	340	348	efficacy	T062	C1707887
28345022	357	362	human	T016	C0086418
28345022	363	370	cancers	T191	C0027651
28345022	376	392	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28345022	394	396	MM	T191	C0026764
28345022	410	420	transplant	T061	C0040732
28345022	430	437	T cells	T025	C0039194
28345022	463	469	cancer	T191	C0027651
28345022	470	477	killers	T043	C1752435
28345022	478	486	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28345022	497	540	immunodeficient xenotransplant murine model	T015	C0599920
28345022	558	565	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28345022	566	570	MYXV	T005	C0027150
28345022	571	582	virotherapy	T061	C1563738
28345022	600	606	murine	T015	C0025929
28345022	607	609	MM	T191	C0026764
28345022	613	628	immunocompetent	T201	C1512656
28345022	629	633	mice	T015	C0025929
28345022	643	671	allogeneic mouse-mouse model	T050	C2986594
28345022	692	711	human MM cell lines	T025	C0682523
28345022	735	754	murine MM cell line	T025	C1513528
28345022	778	787	resistant	T169	C0332325
28345022	798	802	MYXV	T005	C0027150
28345022	803	812	infection	T046	C3714514
28345022	817	826	oncolysis	T191	C0333516
28345022	827	835	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28345022	850	858	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28345022	859	869	resistance	T169	C4281815
28345022	885	892	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28345022	893	897	MYXV	T005	C0027150
28345022	905	948	allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation	T061	C0149615
28345022	990	992	MM	T191	C0026764
28345022	993	1000	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28345022	1034	1045	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28345022	1060	1067	T cells	T025	C0039194
28345022	1077	1091	donor function	T043	C0007613
28345022	1095	1120	virus-armed carrier cells	T025	C0007634
28345022	1126	1130	MYXV	T005	C0027150
28345022	1142	1147	cells	T025	C0007634
28345022	1157	1159	MM	T191	C0026764
28345022	1160	1167	killing	T043	C1752435
28345022	1201	1212	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28345022	1213	1221	paradigm	T062	C0681797
28345022	1226	1241	residual cancer	T191	C0242594
28345022	1272	1286	allotransplant	T061	C0040739
28345022	1287	1297	leukocytes	T025	C0023516
28345022	1314	1318	MYXV	T005	C0027150
28345022	1319	1326	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28345022	1342	1368	graft-versus-tumor effects	T042	C0600555

28345160|t|Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine availability does not alter the adaptations to high-intensity interval training
28345160|a|Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine availability alters muscle metabolism during steady-state exercise in healthy humans. We investigated whether elevating muscle carnitine, and thereby the acetyl-group buffering capacity, altered the metabolic and physiological adaptations to 24 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) at 100% maximal exercise capacity (Wattmax). Twenty-one healthy male volunteers (age 23±2 years; BMI 24.2±1.1 kg/m(2)) performed 2x3 minute bouts of cycling exercise at 100% Wattmax, separated by five minutes rest. Fourteen volunteers repeated this protocol following 24 weeks of HIIT and twice-daily consumption of 80g carbohydrate (CON) or 3g L-carnitine + carbohydrate (CARN). Before HIIT, muscle phosphocreatine (PCr) degradation (P<0.0001), glycogenolysis (P<0.0005), PDC activation (P<0.05), and acetylcarnitine (P<0.005) were 2.3, 2.1, 1.5 and 1.5-fold greater, respectively, in exercise bout two compared to bout one, whilst lactate accumulation tended (P<0.07) to be 1.5-fold greater. Following HIIT, muscle free carnitine was 30% greater in CARN vs CON at rest and remained 40% elevated prior to the start of bout two (P<0.05). Following bout two, free carnitine content, PCr degradation, glycogenolysis, lactate accumulation, and PDC activation were all similar between CON and CARN, albeit markedly lower than before HIIT. VO2max, Wattmax and work-output were similarly increased in CON and CARN, by 9, 15 and 23% (P<0.001). In summary, increased reliance on non-mitochondrial ATP resynthesis during a second bout of intense exercise is accompanied by increased carnitine acetylation. Augmenting muscle carnitine during 24 weeks of HIIT did not alter this, nor enhance muscle metabolic adaptations or performance gains beyond those with HIIT alone. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28345160	0	10	Increasing	T169	C0442808
28345160	11	26	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28345160	27	36	carnitine	T116,T121	C0007258
28345160	37	49	availability	T169	C0470187
28345160	69	80	adaptations	T038	C0392673
28345160	84	116	high-intensity interval training	T056	C4277545
28345160	117	127	Increasing	T169	C0442808
28345160	128	143	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28345160	144	153	carnitine	T116,T121	C0007258
28345160	154	166	availability	T169	C0470187
28345160	174	191	muscle metabolism	T042	C0596984
28345160	199	220	steady-state exercise	T056	C0015259
28345160	224	231	healthy	T080	C3898900
28345160	232	238	humans	T016	C0086418
28345160	243	255	investigated	T169	C1292732
28345160	264	273	elevating	T169	C0442808
28345160	274	280	muscle	T024	C0026845
28345160	281	290	carnitine	T116,T121	C0007258
28345160	308	339	acetyl-group buffering capacity	T033	C1998319
28345160	353	362	metabolic	T038	C0392673
28345160	367	392	physiological adaptations	T040	C0001400
28345160	399	404	weeks	T079	C0439230
28345160	408	440	high-intensity interval training	T056	C4277545
28345160	442	446	HIIT	T056	C4277545
28345160	456	481	maximal exercise capacity	T081	C0392762
28345160	483	490	Wattmax	T081	C0392762
28345160	504	527	healthy male volunteers	T098	C1708335
28345160	529	532	age	T032	C0001779
28345160	538	543	years	T079	C1510829
28345160	545	548	BMI	T201	C1305855
28345160	597	613	cycling exercise	T056	C0015259
28345160	622	629	Wattmax	T081	C0392762
28345160	657	661	rest	T056	C0035253
28345160	672	682	volunteers	T098	C0020155
28345160	728	732	HIIT	T056	C4277545
28345160	737	748	twice-daily	T079	C0585361
28345160	749	760	consumption	T039	C1947907
28345160	768	780	carbohydrate	T109	C0007004
28345160	782	785	CON	T109	C0007004
28345160	793	804	L-carnitine	T109,T121,T127	C0087163
28345160	807	819	carbohydrate	T109	C0007004
28345160	821	825	CARN	T109,T121,T127	C0087163
28345160	835	839	HIIT	T056	C4277545
28345160	841	847	muscle	T024	C0026845
28345160	848	881	phosphocreatine (PCr) degradation	T044	C1157002
28345160	894	908	glycogenolysis	T044	C0596624
28345160	921	935	PDC activation	T043	C1817438
28345160	950	965	acetylcarnitine	T109,T121,T127	C0001040
28345160	1008	1015	greater	T081	C1704243
28345160	1034	1042	exercise	T056	C0015259
28345160	1081	1088	lactate	T109	C0022924
28345160	1089	1101	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28345160	1133	1140	greater	T081	C1704243
28345160	1152	1156	HIIT	T056	C4277545
28345160	1170	1179	carnitine	T116,T121	C0007258
28345160	1188	1195	greater	T081	C1704243
28345160	1199	1203	CARN	T109,T121,T127	C0087163
28345160	1207	1210	CON	T109	C0007004
28345160	1236	1244	elevated	T080	C3163633
28345160	1306	1328	free carnitine content	T059	C2700212
28345160	1330	1345	PCr degradation	T044	C1157002
28345160	1347	1361	glycogenolysis	T044	C0596624
28345160	1363	1370	lactate	T109	C0022924
28345160	1371	1383	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28345160	1389	1403	PDC activation	T043	C1817438
28345160	1429	1432	CON	T109	C0007004
28345160	1437	1441	CARN	T109,T121,T127	C0087163
28345160	1459	1464	lower	T080	C0205251
28345160	1477	1481	HIIT	T056	C4277545
28345160	1483	1489	VO2max	T081	C0392762
28345160	1491	1498	Wattmax	T081	C0392762
28345160	1530	1539	increased	T081	C0205217
28345160	1543	1546	CON	T109	C0007004
28345160	1551	1555	CARN	T109,T121,T127	C0087163
28345160	1597	1606	increased	T081	C0205217
28345160	1619	1640	non-mitochondrial ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28345160	1641	1652	resynthesis	T052	C1883254
28345160	1677	1684	intense	T080	C0522510
28345160	1685	1693	exercise	T056	C0015259
28345160	1712	1721	increased	T081	C0205217
28345160	1722	1731	carnitine	T116,T121	C0007258
28345160	1732	1743	acetylation	T044	C0001038
28345160	1745	1755	Augmenting	T081	C0205217
28345160	1756	1762	muscle	T024	C0026845
28345160	1763	1772	carnitine	T116,T121	C0007258
28345160	1783	1788	weeks	T079	C0439230
28345160	1792	1796	HIIT	T056	C4277545
28345160	1829	1835	muscle	T024	C0026845
28345160	1836	1857	metabolic adaptations	T038	C0392673
28345160	1861	1872	performance	T052	C1882330
28345160	1873	1878	gains	T081	C1517378
28345160	1897	1901	HIIT	T056	C4277545

28345195|t|Diagnosing neonatal transphyseal fractures of the distal humerus
28345195|a|A traumatic birth can cause significant upper limb injury; the presenting features are non-specific and the differential diagnosis long. Transphyseal fractures of the distal humerus are a rare but clinically important birth injury. This injury has typical radiographic findings, which due to the un-ossified nature of the distal humeral epiphysis can easily be misinterpreted. This article presents the radiographic appearance correlated with arthrography, ultrasound and MRI obtained from four cases of neonatal transphyseal fracture of the distal humerus. We hope that by demonstrating the appearances for each of these imaging techniques in relation to the underlying pathology will reduce errors of interpretation that may lead to inappropriate diagnosis and management of these children.
28345195	0	10	Diagnosing	T033	C0011900
28345195	11	19	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28345195	20	42	transphyseal fractures	T037	C0016658
28345195	50	64	distal humerus	T023	C0588211
28345195	67	82	traumatic birth	T037	C0005604
28345195	93	104	significant	T078	C0750502
28345195	105	122	upper limb injury	T037	C0003794
28345195	139	147	features	T080	C2348519
28345195	152	164	non-specific	T080	C0205370
28345195	173	185	differential	T080	C0443199
28345195	186	195	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28345195	202	224	Transphyseal fractures	T037	C0016658
28345195	232	246	distal humerus	T023	C0588211
28345195	253	257	rare	T079	C0521114
28345195	262	272	clinically	T080	C0205210
28345195	273	282	important	T080	C3898777
28345195	283	295	birth injury	T037	C0005604
28345195	302	308	injury	T037	C0005604
28345195	313	320	typical	T080	C3538928
28345195	321	333	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28345195	334	342	findings	T033	C0243095
28345195	361	372	un-ossified	T169	C0332210
28345195	387	411	distal humeral epiphysis	T023	C0588211
28345195	426	440	misinterpreted	T033	C0243095
28345195	447	454	article	T170	C1706852
28345195	468	480	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28345195	481	491	appearance	T080	C0700364
28345195	492	502	correlated	T080	C1707520
28345195	508	520	arthrography	T060	C0003885
28345195	522	532	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28345195	537	540	MRI	T060	C0024485
28345195	560	565	cases	T077	C1706256
28345195	569	577	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28345195	578	599	transphyseal fracture	T037	C0016658
28345195	607	621	distal humerus	T023	C0588211
28345195	657	668	appearances	T080	C0700364
28345195	687	705	imaging techniques	T060	C0079595
28345195	736	745	pathology	T169	C0205469
28345195	751	757	reduce	T080	C0392756
28345195	758	764	errors	T080	C0743559
28345195	768	782	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28345195	800	813	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
28345195	814	823	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28345195	828	838	management	T057	C1273870
28345195	848	856	children	T100	C0008059

28346872|t|5-Bromo-2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives as non-cytotoxic potential dual inhibitors of α-glucosidase and urease enzymes
28346872|a|On the basis of previous report on promising α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 5-bromo-2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives, these derivatives were further screened for urease inhibitory and cytotoxicity activity in order to get more potent and non-cytotoxic potential dual inhibitor for the patients suffering from diabetes as well as peptic ulcer. In this study, all compounds showed varying degree of potency in the range of (IC50 =8.15±0.03-354.67±0.19μM) as compared to standard thiourea (IC50 =21.25±0.15μM). It is worth mentioning that derivatives 7 (IC50 =12.07±0.05μM), 8 (IC50 =10.57±0.12μM), 11 (IC50 =13.76±0.02μM), 14 (IC50 =15.70±0.12μM) and 22 (IC50 =8.15±0.03μM) were found to be more potent inhibitors than standard. All compounds were also evaluated for cytotoxicity towards 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line and found to be completely non-toxic. Previously benzimidazole 1-25 were also showed α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. In silico studies were performed on the lead molecules i.e. 2, 7, 8, 11, 14, and 22, in order to rationalize the binding interaction of compounds with the active site of urease enzyme.
28346872	0	40	5-Bromo-2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives	T109	C0005050
28346872	44	57	non-cytotoxic	T121	C2827065
28346872	58	67	potential	T080	C3245505
28346872	73	83	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28346872	87	100	α-glucosidase	T116,T121,T126	C0002272
28346872	105	119	urease enzymes	T116,T126	C0041945
28346872	145	151	report	T170	C0684224
28346872	165	178	α-glucosidase	T116,T121,T126	C0002272
28346872	179	198	inhibitory activity	T044	C1152555
28346872	202	242	5-bromo-2-aryl benzimidazole derivatives	T109	C0005050
28346872	275	283	screened	T059	C0373483
28346872	288	294	urease	T116,T126	C0041945
28346872	295	305	inhibitory	T044	C1152555
28346872	310	331	cytotoxicity activity	T059	C0201622
28346872	348	359	more potent	T080	C3245505
28346872	364	377	non-cytotoxic	T121	C2827065
28346872	378	387	potential	T080	C3245505
28346872	393	402	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28346872	411	419	patients	T101	C0030705
28346872	435	443	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28346872	455	467	peptic ulcer	T047	C0030920
28346872	477	482	study	T062	C2603343
28346872	488	497	compounds	T121	C1254351
28346872	513	530	degree of potency	T038	C0678792
28346872	548	552	IC50	T081	C0600495
28346872	594	602	standard	T081	C0034925
28346872	603	611	thiourea	T109,T130	C0039958
28346872	613	617	IC50	T081	C0600495
28346872	662	675	derivatives 7	T121	C1254351
28346872	677	681	IC50	T081	C0600495
28346872	698	699	8	T121	C1254351
28346872	701	705	IC50	T081	C0600495
28346872	722	724	11	T121	C1254351
28346872	726	730	IC50	T081	C0600495
28346872	747	749	14	T121	C1254351
28346872	751	755	IC50	T081	C0600495
28346872	775	777	22	T121	C1254351
28346872	779	783	IC50	T081	C0600495
28346872	820	837	potent inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28346872	843	851	standard	T081	C0034925
28346872	857	866	compounds	T121	C1254351
28346872	891	903	cytotoxicity	T059	C0201622
28346872	912	915	3T3	T025	C0085087
28346872	916	942	mouse fibroblast cell line	T025	C1513528
28346872	970	979	non-toxic	T033	C0243095
28346872	992	1010	benzimidazole 1-25	T109	C0005050
28346872	1028	1041	α-glucosidase	T116,T121,T126	C0002272
28346872	1042	1062	inhibitory potential	T044	C1152555
28346872	1064	1073	In silico	T066	C3489666
28346872	1074	1081	studies	T062	C2603343
28346872	1104	1118	lead molecules	T121	C1254351
28346872	1124	1125	2	T121	C1254351
28346872	1127	1128	7	T121	C1254351
28346872	1130	1131	8	T121	C1254351
28346872	1133	1135	11	T121	C1254351
28346872	1137	1139	14	T121	C1254351
28346872	1145	1147	22	T121	C1254351
28346872	1177	1196	binding interaction	T044	C0687133
28346872	1200	1209	compounds	T121	C1254351
28346872	1219	1230	active site	T169	C0205681
28346872	1234	1247	urease enzyme	T116,T126	C0041945

28346915|t|Safety and Efficacy of Flexible Ureteroscopy in Combination with Holmium Laser Lithotripsy for the Treatment of Bilateral Upper Urinary Tract Calculi
28346915|a|To retrospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) in combination with holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of bilateral upper urinary calculi. The stone-free status was defined as the absence of any stones or asymptomatic status, or the presence of clinically insignificant residual fragments <4 mm, and was assessed by plain kidney, ureter, and bladder X-ray. The operative time, stone-free rates (SFRs), serum creatinine (SCr), and complications were recorded. During the operation, there was no bleeding, ureteral perforation, avulsion, and rupture. Postoperative hematuria was observed in 2 patients. SCr increased significantly on the first day after the procedure compared with the preoperative SCr, but after 4 weeks, the renal function significantly improved (p < 0.05). The SFR was 71.6% (63/88) on the first day after the first surgical procedure; it then increased to 86.4% (76/88) in the fourth week, and rose to 97.4% (76/78) after the second operation. The results demonstrated that FURS in combination with holmium laser lithotripsy represented a favorable less-invasive alternative with high SFR and acceptable complication rates in the treatment of bilateral upper urinary tract calculi.
28346915	0	6	Safety	T062	C1705187
28346915	11	19	Efficacy	T062	C1707887
28346915	23	44	Flexible Ureteroscopy	T058	C0194261
28346915	65	78	Holmium Laser	T073	C1955839
28346915	79	90	Lithotripsy	T061	C0206099
28346915	99	108	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28346915	112	121	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
28346915	122	127	Upper	T082	C1282910
28346915	128	149	Urinary Tract Calculi	T031	C0042018
28346915	182	188	safety	T062	C1705187
28346915	193	201	efficacy	T062	C1707887
28346915	205	226	flexible ureteroscopy	T058	C0194261
28346915	228	232	FURS	T058	C0194261
28346915	254	267	holmium laser	T073	C1955839
28346915	268	279	lithotripsy	T061	C0206099
28346915	288	297	treatment	T061	C0087111
28346915	301	310	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28346915	311	316	upper	T082	C1282910
28346915	317	332	urinary calculi	T031	C0042018
28346915	390	396	stones	T031	C0006736
28346915	400	412	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28346915	413	419	status	T080	C0449438
28346915	465	473	residual	T080	C1609982
28346915	474	483	fragments	T031	C0486805
28346915	517	523	kidney	T023	C0022646
28346915	525	531	ureter	T023	C0041951
28346915	537	550	bladder X-ray	T060	C2959748
28346915	556	570	operative time	T079	C3494201
28346915	572	588	stone-free rates	T081	C1521828
28346915	590	594	SFRs	T081	C1521828
28346915	597	613	serum creatinine	T059	C0201976
28346915	615	618	SCr	T059	C0201976
28346915	625	638	complications	T046	C0009566
28346915	665	674	operation	T061	C0543467
28346915	686	688	no	T033	C1513916
28346915	689	697	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28346915	699	719	ureteral perforation	T033	C1696706
28346915	721	729	avulsion	T061	C0185044
28346915	735	742	rupture	T037	C3203359
28346915	744	757	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
28346915	758	767	hematuria	T047	C0018965
28346915	786	794	patients	T101	C0030705
28346915	796	799	SCr	T059	C0201976
28346915	837	840	day	T079	C0439228
28346915	879	891	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28346915	892	895	SCr	T059	C0201976
28346915	909	914	weeks	T079	C0439230
28346915	920	934	renal function	T042	C0232804
28346915	974	977	SFR	T081	C1521828
28346915	1009	1012	day	T079	C0439228
28346915	1029	1047	surgical procedure	T061	C0543467
28346915	1098	1102	week	T079	C0439230
28346915	1147	1156	operation	T061	C0543467
28346915	1188	1192	FURS	T058	C0194261
28346915	1213	1226	holmium laser	T073	C1955839
28346915	1227	1238	lithotripsy	T061	C0206099
28346915	1299	1302	SFR	T081	C1521828
28346915	1318	1330	complication	T046	C0009566
28346915	1331	1336	rates	T081	C1521828
28346915	1344	1353	treatment	T061	C0087111
28346915	1357	1366	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28346915	1367	1372	upper	T082	C1282910
28346915	1373	1394	urinary tract calculi	T031	C0042018

28347282|t|Hyperuricemia after orthotopic liver transplantation: divergent associations with progression of renal disease, incident end-stage renal disease, and mortality
28347282|a|Although hyperuricemia is common after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), its relationship to mortality, progressive kidney disease, or the development of end stage renal disease (ESRD) is not well-described. Data from 304 patients undergoing OLT between 1996 and 2010 were used to assess the association of mean serum uric acid (UA) level in the 3- months post-OLT with mortality, doubling of creatinine, and ESRD incidence. Post-OLT survival to event outcomes according to UA level and eGFR was assessed using the Kaplan Meier method and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Mean UA level among the 204 patients with an eGFR level ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) was 6.4 mg/dl compared to 7.9 mg/dl among the 100 patients with eGFR <60 (p < 0.0001). During a median of 4.6 years of follow-up, mortality rate, doubling of creatinine, and ESRD incidence were 48.9, 278.2, and 20.7 per 1000 person - years, respectively. In the first 5 years of follow-up, elevated UA was associated with mortality (Hazard Ratio, HR = 1.7; p = 0.045). However, among those with eGFR ≥ 60, UA level did not predict mortality (HR = 1.0; p = 0.95), and among those with eGFR < 60, elevated UA was a strong predictor of mortality (HR = 3.7[1.1, 12.0]; p = 0.03). UA was not associated with ESRD, but was associated with doubling of creatinine among diabetics (HR = 2.2[1.1, 4.3]; p = 0.025). In this post-OLT cohort, hyperuricemia independently predicted mortality, particularly among patients with eGFR < 60, and predicted doubling of creatinine among diabetics.
28347282	0	13	Hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
28347282	20	52	orthotopic liver transplantation	T061	C0400447
28347282	64	76	associations	T080	C0439849
28347282	82	93	progression	T046	C0242656
28347282	97	110	renal disease	T047	C0022658
28347282	112	120	incident	T067	C1551358
28347282	121	144	end-stage renal disease	T047	C0022661
28347282	150	159	mortality	T081	C0178686
28347282	169	182	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
28347282	199	231	orthotopic liver transplantation	T061	C0400447
28347282	233	236	OLT	T061	C0400447
28347282	259	268	mortality	T081	C0178686
28347282	270	281	progressive	T169	C0205329
28347282	282	296	kidney disease	T047	C0022658
28347282	320	343	end stage renal disease	T047	C0022661
28347282	345	349	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28347282	374	378	Data	T078	C1511726
28347282	388	396	patients	T101	C0030705
28347282	408	411	OLT	T061	C0400447
28347282	458	469	association	T080	C0439849
28347282	473	477	mean	T081	C0444504
28347282	478	483	serum	T031	C0229671
28347282	484	493	uric acid	T109,T123	C0041980
28347282	495	497	UA	T109,T123	C0041980
28347282	499	504	level	T080	C0441889
28347282	515	521	months	T079	C0439231
28347282	522	530	post-OLT	T079	C1254367
28347282	536	545	mortality	T081	C0178686
28347282	559	569	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28347282	575	579	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28347282	591	599	Post-OLT	T079	C1254367
28347282	640	642	UA	T109,T123	C0041980
28347282	643	648	level	T080	C0441889
28347282	653	657	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28347282	681	700	Kaplan Meier method	T062	C2827659
28347282	705	749	multivariate Cox proportional hazards models	T081,T170	C0010235
28347282	751	755	Mean	T081	C0444504
28347282	756	758	UA	T109,T123	C0041980
28347282	759	764	level	T080	C0441889
28347282	779	787	patients	T101	C0030705
28347282	796	800	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28347282	801	806	level	T080	C0441889
28347282	878	886	patients	T101	C0030705
28347282	892	896	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28347282	924	930	median	T082	C0549183
28347282	938	943	years	T079	C0439234
28347282	947	956	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28347282	958	972	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
28347282	986	996	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28347282	1002	1006	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28347282	1053	1059	person	T098	C0027361
28347282	1062	1067	years	T079	C0439234
28347282	1098	1103	years	T079	C0439234
28347282	1107	1116	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28347282	1118	1126	elevated	T080	C3163633
28347282	1127	1129	UA	T109,T123	C0041980
28347282	1134	1149	associated with	T080	C0332281
28347282	1150	1159	mortality	T081	C0178686
28347282	1161	1173	Hazard Ratio	T081	C2985465
28347282	1175	1177	HR	T081	C2985465
28347282	1223	1227	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28347282	1234	1236	UA	T109,T123	C0041980
28347282	1237	1242	level	T080	C0441889
28347282	1259	1268	mortality	T081	C0178686
28347282	1270	1272	HR	T081	C2985465
28347282	1312	1316	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28347282	1323	1331	elevated	T080	C3163633
28347282	1332	1334	UA	T109,T123	C0041980
28347282	1348	1357	predictor	T078	C2698872
28347282	1361	1370	mortality	T081	C0178686
28347282	1372	1374	HR	T081	C2985465
28347282	1404	1406	UA	T109,T123	C0041980
28347282	1415	1430	associated with	T080	C0332281
28347282	1431	1435	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28347282	1445	1460	associated with	T080	C0332281
28347282	1473	1483	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28347282	1490	1499	diabetics	T047	C0011847
28347282	1501	1503	HR	T081	C2985465
28347282	1541	1549	post-OLT	T079	C1254367
28347282	1550	1556	cohort	T098	C0599755
28347282	1558	1571	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
28347282	1586	1595	predicted	T078	C0681842
28347282	1596	1605	mortality	T081	C0178686
28347282	1626	1634	patients	T101	C0030705
28347282	1640	1644	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28347282	1655	1664	predicted	T078	C0681842
28347282	1677	1687	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28347282	1694	1703	diabetics	T047	C0011847

28347608|t|Sedation effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine delivered as sprays versus drops on pediatric response to venous cannulation
28347608|a|Mucosal atomization device (MAD) was designed to increase the bioavailability of intranasal medications by facilitating absorption, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare the sedation effects of intranasal dexmedetomidine delivered as drops versus sprays on pediatric responses to intravenous cannulation. One hundred and six pediatric patients (aged from 2 to 5 years) scheduled for elective ophthalmic surgery were intranasally received a dose of 2μg/kg in 20μl/kg of dexmedetomidine for sedation to reduce response to venous cannulation. The patients were randomized into syringe group and MAD group in which dexmedetomidine was delivered as drops or sprays via syringe or MAD respectively. The primary outcome was the response to peripheral vein cannulation assessed by the FLACC scores (faces, legs, activity, cry and consolability) 30 min after intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine. The secondary outcomes included acceptance for intranasal medication, sedation onset time, and needle insertion times and any adverse event at the preoperative holding area. The FLACC scores in MAD group were significantly decreased than that treated by drops (P=0.021). The acceptance for intranasal administration between both groups was comparable (P>0.05), the onset time and the incidences in two and more times of needle insertion did not differ significantly between syringe and MAD group s (all P>0.05). None of patients were required to clinically intervene in heart rates reduction and none suffered respiratory depression after administrations of dexmedetomidine in either group. Intranasal dexmedetomidine by sprays offers better sedation effects to reduce responses to venous cannulation than drops.
28347608	0	8	Sedation	T033	C0235195
28347608	9	16	effects	T080	C1280500
28347608	20	30	intranasal	T082	C0442118
28347608	31	46	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28347608	60	66	sprays	T122	C0461725
28347608	74	79	drops	T122	C0991568
28347608	83	92	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28347608	93	101	response	T032	C0871261
28347608	105	123	venous cannulation	T058	C0398266
28347608	124	150	Mucosal atomization device	T074	C0025080
28347608	152	155	MAD	T074	C0025080
28347608	161	169	designed	T052	C1707689
28347608	173	181	increase	T169	C0442805
28347608	186	201	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
28347608	205	215	intranasal	T082	C0442118
28347608	216	227	medications	T058	C2081612
28347608	244	254	absorption	T067	C2347023
28347608	268	273	study	T062	C2603343
28347608	283	291	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28347608	296	303	compare	T052	C1707455
28347608	308	316	sedation	T033	C0235195
28347608	317	324	effects	T080	C1280500
28347608	328	338	intranasal	T082	C0442118
28347608	339	354	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28347608	368	373	drops	T122	C0991568
28347608	381	387	sprays	T122	C0461725
28347608	391	400	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28347608	401	410	responses	T032	C0871261
28347608	414	437	intravenous cannulation	T058	C0398266
28347608	459	468	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28347608	469	477	patients	T101	C0030705
28347608	479	483	aged	T032	C0001779
28347608	496	501	years	T079	C0439234
28347608	503	512	scheduled	T079	C1571999
28347608	517	544	elective ophthalmic surgery	T061	C0038901
28347608	550	562	intranasally	T082	C0442118
28347608	563	571	received	T080	C1514756
28347608	574	578	dose	T081	C0178602
28347608	603	618	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28347608	623	631	sedation	T033	C0235195
28347608	635	641	reduce	T080	C0392756
28347608	642	650	response	T032	C0871261
28347608	654	672	venous cannulation	T058	C0398266
28347608	678	686	patients	T101	C0030705
28347608	692	702	randomized	T062	C0034656
28347608	708	721	syringe group	T078	C0441833
28347608	726	735	MAD group	T078	C0441833
28347608	745	760	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28347608	778	783	drops	T122	C0991568
28347608	787	793	sprays	T122	C0461725
28347608	798	805	syringe	T074	C0039142
28347608	809	812	MAD	T074	C0025080
28347608	839	846	outcome	T169	C1274040
28347608	855	863	response	T032	C0871261
28347608	867	882	peripheral vein	T023	C1720192
28347608	883	894	cannulation	T061	C0917707
28347608	895	903	assessed	T052	C1516048
28347608	911	923	FLACC scores	T081	C0449820
28347608	925	930	faces	T029	C0015450
28347608	932	936	legs	T023	C1140621
28347608	938	946	activity	T056	C0026606
28347608	948	951	cry	T055	C0010399
28347608	956	969	consolability	T033	C1821260
28347608	974	977	min	T079	C0439232
28347608	984	1009	intranasal administration	T061	C0001560
28347608	1013	1028	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28347608	1044	1052	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28347608	1062	1072	acceptance	T080	C1272684
28347608	1077	1087	intranasal	T082	C0442118
28347608	1088	1098	medication	T058	C2081612
28347608	1100	1108	sedation	T033	C0235195
28347608	1109	1119	onset time	T079	C0449244
28347608	1125	1131	needle	T074	C0027551
28347608	1132	1141	insertion	T169	C1883719
28347608	1142	1147	times	T079	C0040223
28347608	1156	1169	adverse event	T046	C0877248
28347608	1177	1202	preoperative holding area	T073,T093	C1301759
28347608	1208	1220	FLACC scores	T081	C0449820
28347608	1224	1233	MAD group	T078	C0441833
28347608	1253	1262	decreased	T081	C0205216
28347608	1273	1280	treated	T061	C0332293
28347608	1284	1289	drops	T122	C0991568
28347608	1305	1315	acceptance	T080	C1272684
28347608	1320	1345	intranasal administration	T061	C0001560
28347608	1359	1365	groups	T078	C0441833
28347608	1395	1405	onset time	T079	C0449244
28347608	1414	1424	incidences	T081	C0021149
28347608	1450	1456	needle	T074	C0027551
28347608	1457	1466	insertion	T169	C1883719
28347608	1504	1511	syringe	T078	C0441833
28347608	1516	1525	MAD group	T078	C0441833
28347608	1550	1558	patients	T101	C0030705
28347608	1600	1611	heart rates	T201	C0018810
28347608	1612	1621	reduction	T080	C0392756
28347608	1640	1662	respiratory depression	T046	C0235063
28347608	1669	1684	administrations	T058	C3469597
28347608	1688	1703	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28347608	1714	1719	group	T078	C0441833
28347608	1721	1731	Intranasal	T082	C0442118
28347608	1732	1747	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28347608	1751	1757	sprays	T122	C0461725
28347608	1765	1771	better	T080	C0332272
28347608	1772	1780	sedation	T033	C0235195
28347608	1781	1788	effects	T080	C1280500
28347608	1792	1798	reduce	T080	C0392756
28347608	1799	1808	responses	T032	C0871261
28347608	1812	1830	venous cannulation	T058	C0398266
28347608	1836	1841	drops	T122	C0991568

28347719|t|Controlling coaching and athlete thriving in elite adolescent netballers: The buffering effect of athletes' mental toughness
28347719|a|The purposes of this study were to examine the association between controlling coach behaviours and athlete experiences of thriving and test the buffering effect of mental toughness on this relation. A cross-sectional survey. In total, 232 female netballers aged 11 to 17 years (14.97+1.52) with between 1 and 15 years of experience in their sport (7.50+2.28) completed measures of controlling coach interpersonal style, mental toughness and thriving. Latent moderated structural models indicated that (i) controlling coach behaviours were inversely related with experiences of vitality and learning; (ii) mental toughness was positively associated with psychological experiences of both dimensions of thriving; and (iii) mental toughness moderated the effect of coach 's controlling interpersonal style on learning but not vitality experiences, such that the effect was weaker for individuals who reported higher levels of mental toughness. This study extends past work and theory to show that mental toughness may enable athletes to counteract the potentially deleterious effect of controlling coach interpersonal styles.
28347719	0	11	Controlling	T067	C2239193
28347719	12	20	coaching	T065	C4255176
28347719	25	32	athlete	T097	C0238703
28347719	33	41	thriving	T055	C0870999
28347719	51	61	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28347719	62	72	netballers	T097	C1522486
28347719	78	94	buffering effect	T080	C1280500
28347719	98	107	athletes'	T097	C0238703
28347719	108	124	mental toughness	T041	C0025361
28347719	146	151	study	T062	C2603343
28347719	172	183	association	T080	C0439849
28347719	192	203	controlling	T067	C2239193
28347719	204	209	coach	T097	C0335105
28347719	210	220	behaviours	T053	C0004927
28347719	225	232	athlete	T097	C0238703
28347719	233	244	experiences	T041	C0596545
28347719	248	256	thriving	T055	C0870999
28347719	261	265	test	T169	C0039593
28347719	270	286	buffering effect	T080	C1280500
28347719	290	306	mental toughness	T041	C0025361
28347719	315	323	relation	T054	C0869014
28347719	327	349	cross-sectional survey	T062	C0010362
28347719	354	359	total	T080	C0439810
28347719	365	371	female	T098	C0043210
28347719	372	382	netballers	T097	C1522486
28347719	383	387	aged	T032	C0001779
28347719	397	402	years	T079	C1510829
28347719	438	443	years	T079	C1510829
28347719	447	457	experience	T041	C0596545
28347719	467	472	sport	T056	C0038039
28347719	485	494	completed	T080	C0205197
28347719	495	503	measures	T169	C1879489
28347719	507	518	controlling	T067	C2239193
28347719	519	524	coach	T097	C0335105
28347719	525	538	interpersonal	T080	C3476070
28347719	539	544	style	T080	C0489654
28347719	546	562	mental toughness	T041	C0025361
28347719	567	575	thriving	T055	C0870999
28347719	577	611	Latent moderated structural models	T170	C0876936
28347719	631	642	controlling	T067	C2239193
28347719	643	648	coach	T097	C0335105
28347719	649	659	behaviours	T053	C0004927
28347719	665	674	inversely	T080	C0439850
28347719	675	682	related	T080	C0439849
28347719	688	699	experiences	T041	C0596545
28347719	703	711	vitality	T033	C0424589
28347719	716	724	learning	T041	C0023185
28347719	731	747	mental toughness	T041	C0025361
28347719	752	762	positively	T033	C1446409
28347719	763	778	associated with	T080	C0332281
28347719	779	792	psychological	T169	C0205486
28347719	793	804	experiences	T041	C0596545
28347719	813	823	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28347719	827	835	thriving	T055	C0870999
28347719	847	863	mental toughness	T041	C0025361
28347719	878	884	effect	T080	C1280500
28347719	888	893	coach	T097	C0335105
28347719	897	908	controlling	T067	C2239193
28347719	909	922	interpersonal	T080	C3476070
28347719	923	928	style	T080	C0489654
28347719	932	940	learning	T041	C0023185
28347719	949	957	vitality	T033	C0424589
28347719	958	969	experiences	T041	C0596545
28347719	985	991	effect	T080	C1280500
28347719	1007	1018	individuals	T098	C0027361
28347719	1032	1038	higher	T080	C0205250
28347719	1039	1045	levels	T080	C0441889
28347719	1049	1065	mental toughness	T041	C0025361
28347719	1072	1077	study	T062	C2603343
28347719	1078	1085	extends	T082	C0439792
28347719	1100	1106	theory	T078	C0871935
28347719	1120	1136	mental toughness	T041	C0025361
28347719	1148	1156	athletes	T097	C0238703
28347719	1187	1198	deleterious	T169	C0001688
28347719	1199	1205	effect	T080	C1280500
28347719	1209	1220	controlling	T067	C2239193
28347719	1221	1226	coach	T097	C0335105
28347719	1227	1240	interpersonal	T080	C3476070
28347719	1241	1247	styles	T080	C0489654

28347978|t|Intra-articular implantation of collagen scaffold carriers is safe in both native and arthrofibrotic rabbit knee joints
28347978|a|Sustained intra-articular delivery of pharmacological agents is an attractive modality but requires use of a safe carrier that would not induce cartilage damage or fibrosis. Collagen scaffolds are widely available and could be used intra-articularly, but no investigation has looked at the safety of collagen scaffolds within synovial joints. The aim of this study was to determine the safety of collagen scaffold implantation in a validated in vivo animal model of knee arthrofibrosis. A total of 96 rabbits were randomly and equally assigned to four different groups: arthrotomy alone; arthrotomy and collagen scaffold placement; contracture surgery; and contracture surgery and collagen scaffold placement. Animals were killed in equal numbers at 72 hours, two weeks, eight weeks, and 24 weeks. Joint contracture was measured, and cartilage and synovial samples underwent histological analysis. Animals that underwent arthrotomy had equivalent joint contractures regardless of scaffold implantation (-13.9° versus -10.9°, equivalence limit 15°). Animals that underwent surgery to induce contracture did not demonstrate equivalent joint contracture s with (41.8°) or without (53.9°) collagen scaffold implantation. Chondral damage occurred in similar rates with (11 of 48) and without (nine of 48) scaffold implantation. No significant difference in synovitis was noted between groups. Absorption of the collagen scaffold occurred within eight weeks in all animals CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that intra-articular implantation of a collagen sponge does not induce synovitis or cartilage damage. Implantation in a native joint does not seem to induce contracture. Implantation of the collagen sponge in a rabbit knee model of contracture may decrease the severity of the contracture .Cite this article: J. A. Walker, T. J. Ewald, E. Lewallen, A. Van Wijnen, A. D. Hanssen, B. F. Morrey, M. E. Morrey, M. P. Abdel, J. Sanchez-Sotelo. Intra-articular implantation of collagen scaffold carriers is safe in both native and arthrofibrotic rabbit knee joints. Bone Joint Res 2016;6:162-171. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.63.BJR-2016-0193.
28347978	0	15	Intra-articular	T082	C0442108
28347978	16	28	implantation	T061	C0021107
28347978	32	40	collagen	T116	C0009325
28347978	41	49	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28347978	50	58	carriers	T074	C0025080
28347978	62	66	safe	T082	C0557723
28347978	75	81	native	T169	C0302891
28347978	86	100	arthrofibrotic	T047	C1142253
28347978	101	107	rabbit	T015	C3887509
28347978	108	119	knee joints	T030	C0022745
28347978	120	129	Sustained	T169	C0443318
28347978	130	145	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
28347978	146	180	delivery of pharmacological agents	T070	C3850077
28347978	187	197	attractive	T080	C2346874
28347978	198	206	modality	T078	C0695347
28347978	220	223	use	T169	C0457083
28347978	229	233	safe	T082	C0557723
28347978	234	241	carrier	T074	C0025080
28347978	257	263	induce	T169	C0205263
28347978	264	280	cartilage damage	T037	C0549421
28347978	284	292	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28347978	294	302	Collagen	T116	C0009325
28347978	303	312	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28347978	324	333	available	T169	C0470187
28347978	352	369	intra-articularly	T082	C0442108
28347978	378	391	investigation	T058	C0220825
28347978	410	416	safety	T068	C0036043
28347978	420	428	collagen	T116	C0009325
28347978	429	438	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28347978	446	461	synovial joints	T030	C0224507
28347978	467	470	aim	T078	C1947946
28347978	479	484	study	T062	C2603343
28347978	492	501	determine	T078	C0205258
28347978	506	512	safety	T068	C0036043
28347978	516	524	collagen	T116	C0009325
28347978	525	533	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28347978	534	546	implantation	T061	C0021107
28347978	552	561	validated	T062	C1519941
28347978	562	569	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28347978	570	576	animal	T008	C0003062
28347978	586	605	knee arthrofibrosis	T047	C1142253
28347978	621	628	rabbits	T015	C3887509
28347978	634	642	randomly	T080	C0439605
28347978	647	654	equally	T080	C0205163
28347978	655	663	assigned	T169	C1516050
28347978	672	681	different	T080	C1705242
28347978	682	688	groups	T078	C0441833
28347978	690	700	arthrotomy	T061	C0185160
28347978	708	718	arthrotomy	T061	C0185160
28347978	723	731	collagen	T116	C0009325
28347978	732	740	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28347978	741	750	placement	T058	C0441587
28347978	752	763	contracture	T190	C0009918
28347978	764	771	surgery	T061	C0543467
28347978	777	788	contracture	T190	C0009918
28347978	789	796	surgery	T061	C0543467
28347978	801	809	collagen	T116	C0009325
28347978	810	818	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28347978	819	828	placement	T058	C0441587
28347978	830	837	Animals	T008	C0003062
28347978	843	849	killed	T054	C0162388
28347978	853	858	equal	T080	C0205163
28347978	873	878	hours	T079	C0439227
28347978	884	889	weeks	T079	C0439230
28347978	897	902	weeks	T079	C0439230
28347978	911	916	weeks	T079	C0439230
28347978	918	935	Joint contracture	T190	C0009918
28347978	940	948	measured	T080	C0444706
28347978	954	963	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28347978	968	976	synovial	T023	C1550315
28347978	977	984	samples	T167	C0370003
28347978	995	1016	histological analysis	T059	C0002778
28347978	1018	1025	Animals	T008	C0003062
28347978	1041	1051	arthrotomy	T061	C0185160
28347978	1056	1066	equivalent	T080	C0205163
28347978	1067	1085	joint contractures	T190	C0009918
28347978	1100	1108	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28347978	1109	1121	implantation	T061	C0021107
28347978	1169	1176	Animals	T008	C0003062
28347978	1192	1199	surgery	T061	C0543467
28347978	1203	1209	induce	T169	C0205263
28347978	1210	1221	contracture	T190	C0009918
28347978	1242	1252	equivalent	T080	C0205163
28347978	1253	1270	joint contracture	T190	C0009918
28347978	1253	1272	joint contracture s	T190	C0009918
28347978	1305	1313	collagen	T116	C0009325
28347978	1314	1322	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28347978	1323	1335	implantation	T061	C0021107
28347978	1337	1345	Chondral	T082	C0442012
28347978	1346	1352	damage	T169	C1883709
28347978	1346	1352	damage	T169	C1883709
28347978	1353	1361	occurred	T052	C1709305
28347978	1373	1378	rates	T081	C1521828
28347978	1420	1428	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28347978	1429	1441	implantation	T061	C0021107
28347978	1446	1468	significant difference	T081	C1705241
28347978	1472	1481	synovitis	T047	C0039103
28347978	1500	1506	groups	T078	C0441833
28347978	1508	1518	Absorption	T070	C0000854
28347978	1526	1534	collagen	T116	C0009325
28347978	1535	1543	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28347978	1544	1552	occurred	T052	C1709305
28347978	1566	1571	weeks	T079	C0439230
28347978	1579	1586	animals	T008	C0003062
28347978	1603	1607	data	T078	C1511726
28347978	1621	1636	intra-articular	T082	C0442108
28347978	1637	1649	implantation	T061	C0021107
28347978	1655	1663	collagen	T116	C0009325
28347978	1664	1670	sponge	T073	C0337143
28347978	1680	1686	induce	T169	C0205263
28347978	1687	1696	synovitis	T047	C0039103
28347978	1700	1716	cartilage damage	T037	C0549421
28347978	1718	1730	Implantation	T061	C0021107
28347978	1736	1742	native	T169	C0302891
28347978	1743	1748	joint	T030	C0022745
28347978	1766	1772	induce	T169	C0205263
28347978	1773	1784	contracture	T190	C0009918
28347978	1786	1798	Implantation	T061	C0021107
28347978	1806	1814	collagen	T116	C0009325
28347978	1815	1821	sponge	T073	C0337143
28347978	1827	1833	rabbit	T015	C3887509
28347978	1848	1859	contracture	T190	C0009918
28347978	1864	1872	decrease	T081	C0547047
28347978	1877	1885	severity	T080	C0439793
28347978	1893	1904	contracture	T190	C0009918

28348057|t|HOST IMMUNE RECOGNITION OF THE EPIDEMIC CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATHOGEN BURKHOLDERIA DOLOSA
28348057|a|Burkholderia dolosa caused an outbreak in the cystic fibrosis (CF) clinic at Boston Children's Hospital from 1998 to 2005 and led to the infection of over 40 patients, many of whom died due to complications from infection by this organism. To assess whether B. dolosa significantly contributes to disease or is recognized by the host immune response, mice were infected with a sequenced outbreak B. dolosa strain, AU0158, and responses compared to the well-studied CF pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa In parallel, mice were also infected with a polar flagellin mutant of B. dolosa to examine the role of flagella in B. dolosa lung colonization. The results showed a higher persistence in the host by B. dolosa strains and yet neutrophil recruitment and cytokine production were lower compared to P. aeruginosa The ability of host immune cells to recognize B. dolosa was then assessed and B. dolosa induced a robust cytokine response in cultured cells and this effect was dependent on the flagella only when bacteria were dead. Together, these results suggest that B. dolosa can be recognized by host cells in vitro but may avoid or suppress the host immune response in vivo through unknown mechanisms. B. dolosa was then compared to other Burkholderia species and found to induce similar levels of cytokine production despite being internalized by macrophages more than B. cenocepacia strains. These data suggest that B. dolosa AU0158 may act differently with host cells and is it recognized differently by immune systems compared other Burkholderia strains or species.
28348057	0	4	HOST	T001	C1167395
28348057	5	23	IMMUNE RECOGNITION	T042	C0301872
28348057	31	39	EPIDEMIC	T067	C0014499
28348057	40	55	CYSTIC FIBROSIS	T047	C0010674
28348057	56	64	PATHOGEN	T001	C0450254
28348057	65	84	BURKHOLDERIA DOLOSA	T007	C1482113
28348057	85	104	Burkholderia dolosa	T007	C1482113
28348057	131	146	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
28348057	148	150	CF	T047	C0010674
28348057	162	188	Boston Children's Hospital	T093	C0020017
28348057	222	231	infection	T046	C3714514
28348057	243	251	patients	T101	C0030705
28348057	266	270	died	T040	C0011065
28348057	278	291	complications	T046	C0009566
28348057	297	306	infection	T046	C3714514
28348057	315	323	organism	T007	C1482113
28348057	343	352	B. dolosa	T007	C1482113
28348057	382	389	disease	T047	C0012634
28348057	414	418	host	T001	C1167395
28348057	419	434	immune response	T042	C0301872
28348057	436	440	mice	T015	C0026809
28348057	446	454	infected	T033	C0439663
28348057	481	497	B. dolosa strain	T007	C1482113
28348057	499	505	AU0158	T007	C1482113
28348057	511	520	responses	T032	C0871261
28348057	550	552	CF	T047	C0010674
28348057	553	561	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28348057	563	585	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
28348057	599	603	mice	T015	C0026809
28348057	614	622	infected	T033	C0439663
28348057	636	645	flagellin	T026	C0016192
28348057	646	652	mutant	T049	C0596988
28348057	656	665	B. dolosa	T007	C1482113
28348057	689	697	flagella	T026	C0016192
28348057	701	710	B. dolosa	T007	C1482113
28348057	711	715	lung	T023	C0024109
28348057	716	728	colonization	T033	C4289767
28348057	751	757	higher	T080	C0205250
28348057	758	769	persistence	T041	C0546816
28348057	777	781	host	T001	C1167395
28348057	785	802	B. dolosa strains	T007	C1482113
28348057	811	821	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
28348057	838	846	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28348057	847	857	production	T169	C0005572
28348057	881	894	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
28348057	910	914	host	T001	C1167395
28348057	915	927	immune cells	T025	C0007634
28348057	941	950	B. dolosa	T007	C1482113
28348057	973	982	B. dolosa	T007	C1482113
28348057	1000	1008	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28348057	1021	1035	cultured cells	T025	C0007635
28348057	1073	1081	flagella	T026	C0016192
28348057	1092	1100	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28348057	1106	1110	dead	T040	C0011065
28348057	1149	1158	B. dolosa	T007	C1482113
28348057	1180	1190	host cells	T026	C1819995
28348057	1191	1199	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28348057	1217	1225	suppress	T169	C1260953
28348057	1230	1234	host	T001	C1167395
28348057	1235	1250	immune response	T042	C0301872
28348057	1251	1258	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28348057	1287	1296	B. dolosa	T007	C1482113
28348057	1324	1344	Burkholderia species	T007	C1264855
28348057	1383	1391	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28348057	1392	1402	production	T169	C0005572
28348057	1433	1444	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28348057	1455	1477	B. cenocepacia strains	T007	C1187839
28348057	1485	1489	data	T078	C1511726
28348057	1503	1519	B. dolosa AU0158	T007	C1482113
28348057	1545	1555	host cells	T026	C1819995
28348057	1592	1606	immune systems	T022	C0020962
28348057	1622	1642	Burkholderia strains	T007	C0282676
28348057	1646	1653	species	T185	C1705920

28348382|t|Delta-frequency stimulation of cerebellar projections can compensate for schizophrenia -related medial frontal dysfunction
28348382|a|Schizophrenia involves abnormalities in the medial frontal cortex that lead to cognitive deficits. Here we investigate a novel strategy to normalize medial frontal brain activity by stimulating cerebellar projections. We used an interval timing task to study elementary cognitive processing that requires both frontal and cerebellar networks that are disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. We report three novel findings. First, patients with schizophrenia had dysfunctional delta rhythms between 1-4 Hz in the medial frontal cortex. We explored cerebellar - frontal interactions in animal models and found that both frontal and cerebellar neurons were modulated during interval timing and had delta-frequency interactions. Finally, delta-frequency optogenetic stimulation of thalamic synaptic terminals of lateral cerebellar projection neurons rescued timing performance as well as medial frontal activity in a rodent model of schizophrenia-related frontal dysfunction. These data provide insight into how the cerebellum influences medial frontal networks and the role of the cerebellum in cognitive processing.
28348382	0	15	Delta-frequency	T033	C0429299
28348382	16	27	stimulation	T070	C1948023
28348382	31	41	cerebellar	T023	C0007765
28348382	42	53	projections	T082	C0348018
28348382	58	68	compensate	T080	C0205432
28348382	73	86	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28348382	96	122	medial frontal dysfunction	T048	C4062322
28348382	123	136	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28348382	146	159	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28348382	167	188	medial frontal cortex	T023	C0016733
28348382	202	220	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
28348382	230	241	investigate	T169	C1292732
28348382	244	249	novel	T080	C0205314
28348382	250	258	strategy	T041	C0679199
28348382	262	271	normalize	T062	C1882115
28348382	272	292	medial frontal brain	T024	C2951740
28348382	293	301	activity	T039	C0443158
28348382	305	316	stimulating	T070	C1948023
28348382	317	327	cerebellar	T023	C0007765
28348382	328	339	projections	T082	C0348018
28348382	352	367	interval timing	T079	C0872291
28348382	376	381	study	T062	C2603343
28348382	393	413	cognitive processing	T041	C0025361
28348382	433	440	frontal	T023	C0016733
28348382	445	464	cerebellar networks	T023	C2953133
28348382	474	483	disrupted	T080	C0332454
28348382	487	495	patients	T101	C0030705
28348382	501	514	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28348382	532	537	novel	T080	C0205314
28348382	538	546	findings	T033	C0243095
28348382	555	563	patients	T101	C0030705
28348382	569	582	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28348382	601	614	delta rhythms	T042	C0011227
28348382	637	658	medial frontal cortex	T023	C0016733
28348382	672	682	cerebellar	T023	C0007765
28348382	685	692	frontal	T023	C0016733
28348382	693	705	interactions	T169	C1704675
28348382	709	722	animal models	T008	C0599779
28348382	743	750	frontal	T023	C0016733
28348382	755	773	cerebellar neurons	T025	C0682702
28348382	779	788	modulated	T082	C0443264
28348382	796	811	interval timing	T079	C0872291
28348382	820	835	delta-frequency	T033	C0429299
28348382	836	848	interactions	T169	C1704675
28348382	859	874	delta-frequency	T033	C0429299
28348382	875	886	optogenetic	T063	C3494301
28348382	887	898	stimulation	T070	C1948023
28348382	902	910	thalamic	T023	C0039729
28348382	911	929	synaptic terminals	T026	C0206181
28348382	933	940	lateral	T082	C0205093
28348382	941	951	cerebellar	T023	C0007765
28348382	952	962	projection	T082	C0348018
28348382	963	970	neurons	T025	C0027882
28348382	1009	1023	medial frontal	T024	C2951740
28348382	1024	1032	activity	T039	C0443158
28348382	1038	1050	rodent model	T050	C1519106
28348382	1054	1075	schizophrenia-related	T048	C0036341
28348382	1076	1095	frontal dysfunction	T048	C4062322
28348382	1103	1107	data	T078	C1511726
28348382	1137	1147	cerebellum	T023	C0007765
28348382	1148	1158	influences	T077	C4054723
28348382	1159	1182	medial frontal networks	T029	C4248854
28348382	1203	1213	cerebellum	T023	C0007765
28348382	1217	1237	cognitive processing	T041	C0025361

28348808|t|Meningitis due to Moraxella nonliquefaciens in a paediatric patient: a case report and review of the literature
28348808|a|Introduction. Moraxella nonliquefaciens is an unusual organism to be isolated from cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and there exists only one case report of M. nonliquefaciens meningitis from a neonate. Moraxella species normally exist as part of the human upper respiratory tract flora and rarely cause invasive human disease. There are only a handful of case reports implicating the organism as a cause of endocarditis, bacteraemia, septic arthritis and endophthalmitis. Identification to the species level based on routine laboratory techniques has been challenging, with final identification often made through 16S rRNA sequencing. With the use of a newer diagnostic tool, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS, we were able to rapidly identify the organism and initiate appropriate treatment. Case presentation. We present a rare care of M. nonliquefaciens meningitis in a paediatric patient with an underlying cranial anatomical defect due to Crouzon syndrome. She had been admitted to hospital 3 months previously with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis and mastoiditis, and returned to the emergency department with meningismus. CSF culture grew M. nonliquefaciens. She was treated with ceftriaxone with rapid improvement and eventually was taken for endoscopic surgical repair of a right encephalocele defect. Conclusion. The use of MALDI-TOF MS allowed for the rapid identification of the organism. The patient recovered with appropriate antimicrobial therapy and eventual surgical correction. An underlying anatomical defect should be considered in all patients who present with meningitis due to this unusual organism.
28348808	0	10	Meningitis	T047	C0025289
28348808	18	43	Moraxella nonliquefaciens	T007	C0317740
28348808	49	59	paediatric	T080	C1521725
28348808	60	67	patient	T101	C0030705
28348808	71	82	case report	T170	C0007320
28348808	87	111	review of the literature	T170	C0282441
28348808	126	151	Moraxella nonliquefaciens	T007	C0317740
28348808	166	174	organism	T001	C0029235
28348808	181	189	isolated	T169	C0205409
28348808	195	216	cerebral spinal fluid	T031	C0007806
28348808	218	221	CSF	T031	C0007806
28348808	249	260	case report	T170	C0007320
28348808	264	282	M. nonliquefaciens	T007	C0317740
28348808	283	293	meningitis	T047	C0025289
28348808	301	308	neonate	T100	C0021289
28348808	310	327	Moraxella species	T007	C1295861
28348808	358	363	human	T016	C0086418
28348808	364	387	upper respiratory tract	T023	C0458578
28348808	388	393	flora	T033	C0314761
28348808	411	419	invasive	T080	C0205281
28348808	420	425	human	T016	C0086418
28348808	426	433	disease	T047	C0012634
28348808	463	475	case reports	T170	C0007320
28348808	492	500	organism	T001	C0029235
28348808	506	511	cause	T078	C0085978
28348808	515	527	endocarditis	T047	C0014118
28348808	529	540	bacteraemia	T047	C0004610
28348808	542	558	septic arthritis	T047	C1692886
28348808	563	578	endophthalmitis	T047	C0014236
28348808	580	594	Identification	T080	C0205396
28348808	602	609	species	T185	C1705920
28348808	610	615	level	T080	C0441889
28348808	625	632	routine	T080	C0205547
28348808	633	654	laboratory techniques	T062	C0681902
28348808	682	687	final	T079	C3853528
28348808	688	702	identification	T080	C0205396
28348808	722	741	16S rRNA sequencing	T059	C3258987
28348808	767	782	diagnostic tool	T073	C2827396
28348808	784	857	matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) MS	T062	C1518101
28348808	883	891	identify	T080	C0205396
28348808	896	904	organism	T001	C0029235
28348808	909	917	initiate	T169	C1704686
28348808	930	939	treatment	T169	C1522326
28348808	973	977	rare	T080	C0522498
28348808	986	1004	M. nonliquefaciens	T007	C0317740
28348808	1005	1015	meningitis	T047	C0025289
28348808	1021	1031	paediatric	T080	C1521725
28348808	1032	1039	patient	T101	C0030705
28348808	1059	1084	cranial anatomical defect	T190	C4025787
28348808	1092	1108	Crouzon syndrome	T047	C0010273
28348808	1123	1143	admitted to hospital	T058	C0184666
28348808	1146	1152	months	T079	C0439231
28348808	1169	1193	Streptococcus pneumoniae	T007	C0038410
28348808	1194	1204	meningitis	T047	C0025289
28348808	1209	1220	mastoiditis	T047	C0024904
28348808	1242	1262	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28348808	1268	1279	meningismus	T184	C0025287
28348808	1281	1292	CSF culture	T059	C0523175
28348808	1298	1316	M. nonliquefaciens	T007	C0317740
28348808	1326	1338	treated with	T061	C0332293
28348808	1339	1350	ceftriaxone	T109,T195	C0007561
28348808	1356	1361	rapid	T080	C0456962
28348808	1362	1373	improvement	T077	C2986411
28348808	1403	1422	endoscopic surgical	T060	C0282493
28348808	1423	1461	repair of a right encephalocele defect	T061	C0337413
28348808	1486	1498	MALDI-TOF MS	T062	C1518101
28348808	1515	1520	rapid	T080	C0456962
28348808	1521	1535	identification	T080	C0205396
28348808	1543	1551	organism	T001	C0029235
28348808	1557	1574	patient recovered	T032	C1115804
28348808	1592	1613	antimicrobial therapy	T061	C0338237
28348808	1627	1646	surgical correction	T061	C0087111
28348808	1662	1679	anatomical defect	T190	C0302142
28348808	1708	1716	patients	T101	C0030705
28348808	1734	1744	meningitis	T047	C0025289
28348808	1765	1773	organism	T001	C0029235

28348846|t|Repeated local emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a single hospital ward
28348846|a|We recently reported a dramatic increase in the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a Vietnamese hospital. This upsurge was associated with a specific oxa23 -positive clone that was identified by multilocus VNTR analysis. Here, we used whole-genome sequence analysis to dissect the emergence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in the ICU during 2009-2012. To provide historical context and distinguish microevolution from strain introduction, we compared these genomes with those of A. baumannii asymptomatic carriage and VAP isolates from this same ICU collected during 2003-2007. We identified diverse lineages co-circulating over many years. Carbapenem resistance was associated with the presence of oxa23, oxa40, oxa58 and ndm1 genes in multiple lineages. The majority of resistant isolates were oxa23 -positive global clone GC2; fine-scale phylogenomic analysis revealed five distinct GC2 sublineages within the ICU that had evolved locally via independent chromosomal insertions of oxa23 transposons. The increase in infections caused by carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii was associated with transposon -mediated transmission of a carbapenemase gene, rather than clonal expansion or spread of a carbapenemase -harbouring plasmid. Additionally, we found evidence of homologous recombination creating diversity within the local GC2 population, including several events resulting in replacement of the capsule locus. We identified likely donors of the imported capsule locus sequences amongst the A. baumannii isolated on the same ward, suggesting that diversification was largely facilitated via reassortment and sharing of genetic material within the localized A. baumannii population.
28348846	0	8	Repeated	T169	C0205341
28348846	9	14	local	T082	C0205276
28348846	15	24	emergence	T080	C0700364
28348846	28	72	carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii	T007	C4275270
28348846	85	98	hospital ward	T073,T093	C1305702
28348846	111	119	reported	T058	C0700287
28348846	131	139	increase	T169	C0442805
28348846	147	157	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28348846	161	205	carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii	T007	C4275270
28348846	206	216	infections	T046	C3714514
28348846	224	243	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
28348846	245	248	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28348846	255	265	Vietnamese	T098	C1561452
28348846	266	274	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28348846	293	308	associated with	T080	C0332281
28348846	320	325	oxa23	T028	C3869803
28348846	336	341	clone	T025	C0009013
28348846	351	361	identified	T080	C0205396
28348846	365	389	multilocus VNTR analysis	T059	C1443925
28348846	405	435	whole-genome sequence analysis	T059	C3854164
28348846	451	460	emergence	T080	C0700364
28348846	464	497	carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii	T007	C4275270
28348846	506	537	ventilator-associated pneumonia	T047	C1701940
28348846	539	542	VAP	T047	C1701940
28348846	551	554	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28348846	619	633	microevolution	T045	C0015219
28348846	639	645	strain	T001	C1518614
28348846	678	685	genomes	T028	C0017428
28348846	700	712	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
28348846	713	725	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28348846	726	734	carriage	T033	C0007294
28348846	739	742	VAP	T047	C1701940
28348846	743	751	isolates	T123	C1764827
28348846	767	770	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28348846	802	812	identified	T080	C0205396
28348846	821	829	lineages	T078	C0282637
28348846	830	844	co-circulating	T169	C0175630
28348846	862	872	Carbapenem	T109,T195	C0006968
28348846	873	883	resistance	T039	C1514892
28348846	888	903	associated with	T080	C0332281
28348846	908	916	presence	T033	C0150312
28348846	920	925	oxa23	T028	C3869803
28348846	927	932	oxa40	T028	C3869803
28348846	934	939	oxa58	T028	C3869803
28348846	944	948	ndm1	T028	C3699343
28348846	949	954	genes	T028	C0017337
28348846	967	975	lineages	T078	C0282637
28348846	993	1002	resistant	T039	C1514892
28348846	1003	1011	isolates	T123	C1764827
28348846	1017	1022	oxa23	T028	C3869803
28348846	1040	1045	clone	T025	C0009013
28348846	1046	1049	GC2	T007	C3966130
28348846	1062	1083	phylogenomic analysis	T062	C1519068
28348846	1084	1092	revealed	T080	C0443289
28348846	1107	1110	GC2	T007	C3966130
28348846	1111	1122	sublineages	T078	C0282637
28348846	1134	1137	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28348846	1179	1201	chromosomal insertions	T049	C1516518
28348846	1205	1210	oxa23	T028	C3869803
28348846	1211	1222	transposons	T114	C0012868
28348846	1228	1236	increase	T169	C0442805
28348846	1240	1250	infections	T046	C3714514
28348846	1261	1294	carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii	T007	C4275270
28348846	1299	1314	associated with	T080	C0332281
28348846	1315	1325	transposon	T114	C0012868
28348846	1336	1348	transmission	T045	C2755980
28348846	1354	1372	carbapenemase gene	T028	C3176791
28348846	1386	1402	clonal expansion	T046	C1516670
28348846	1418	1431	carbapenemase	T028	C3176791
28348846	1444	1451	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28348846	1488	1512	homologous recombination	T045	C0599773
28348846	1522	1531	diversity	T080	C0282469
28348846	1549	1552	GC2	T007	C3966130
28348846	1553	1563	population	T098	C1257890
28348846	1603	1614	replacement	T169	C0559956
28348846	1622	1635	capsule locus	T028	C0017367
28348846	1640	1650	identified	T080	C0205396
28348846	1681	1704	capsule locus sequences	T028	C0017367
28348846	1717	1729	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
28348846	1730	1738	isolated	T169	C0205409
28348846	1751	1755	ward	T073,T093	C1305702
28348846	1757	1767	suggesting	T078	C1705535
28348846	1773	1788	diversification	T057	C0680948
28348846	1801	1812	facilitated	T042	C0234112
28348846	1845	1861	genetic material	T028	C0440471
28348846	1873	1882	localized	T082	C0392752
28348846	1883	1895	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
28348846	1896	1906	population	T098	C1257890

28348878|t|A phylogenomic framework for assessing the global emergence and evolution of clonal complex 398 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
28348878|a|Distinct clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have emerged as important causes of infection in individuals who have exposure to livestock (livestock -associated MRSA; LA-MRSA). Clonal complex 398 (CC398) is the most prevalent LA-MRSA clone, and has been reported from several geographical settings, including Europe, the Americas and Asia. To understand the factors contributing to the global dissemination of this clone, we analysed CC398 MRSA isolates from New Zealand (NZ), a geographically isolated country with an economy strongly dependent on livestock farming. We supplemented the NZ CC398 MRSA collection with global datasets of CC398 MRSA and CC398 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. Here, we demonstrate multiple sporadic incursions of CC398 MRSA into NZ, as well as recent importation and spread of a swine -associated clade related to the European LA-MRSA lineage. Within a larger global phylogenomic framework, Bayesian modelling suggested that this NZ clade emerged in the late 2000s, with a probable origin in swine from Western Europe. Elucidating the factors responsible for the incursion and spread of LA-MRSA in geographically distant regions, such as NZ, provides important insights into global pathways of S. aureus transmission, and will inform strategies to control importation and spread.
28348878	43	49	global	T080	C2348867
28348878	50	59	emergence	T079	C0439659
28348878	64	73	evolution	T045	C3825184
28348878	77	95	clonal complex 398	T024	C1522642
28348878	96	139	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C1265292
28348878	149	155	clones	T024	C1522642
28348878	159	202	methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C1265292
28348878	204	208	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28348878	246	255	infection	T046	C3714514
28348878	259	270	individuals	T098	C0027361
28348878	280	291	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28348878	292	301	livestock	T008	C2936506
28348878	303	312	livestock	T008	C2936506
28348878	325	329	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28348878	331	338	LA-MRSA	T007	C1265292
28348878	341	359	Clonal complex 398	T024	C1522642
28348878	361	366	CC398	T024	C1522642
28348878	390	397	LA-MRSA	T007	C1265292
28348878	398	403	clone	T024	C1522642
28348878	473	479	Europe	T083	C0015176
28348878	485	493	Americas	T083	C0002454
28348878	498	503	Asia.	T083	C0003980
28348878	522	529	factors	T169	C1521761
28348878	550	556	global	T080	C2348867
28348878	557	570	dissemination	T082	C0205221
28348878	579	584	clone	T024	C1522642
28348878	598	603	CC398	T024	C1522642
28348878	604	608	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28348878	609	617	isolates	T123	C1764827
28348878	623	634	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
28348878	636	638	NZ	T083	C0027978
28348878	643	674	geographically isolated country	T083	C0454664
28348878	683	690	economy	T081	C0870462
28348878	713	722	livestock	T008	C2936506
28348878	723	730	farming	T090	C0001829
28348878	752	754	NZ	T083	C0027978
28348878	755	760	CC398	T024	C1522642
28348878	761	765	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28348878	766	776	collection	T062	C0010995
28348878	782	797	global datasets	T170	C0150098
28348878	801	806	CC398	T024	C1522642
28348878	807	811	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28348878	816	821	CC398	T024	C1522642
28348878	822	855	methicillin-susceptible S. aureus	T007	C1635274
28348878	887	895	sporadic	T079	C0205422
28348878	896	906	incursions	T033	C1304680
28348878	910	915	CC398	T024	C1522642
28348878	916	920	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28348878	926	928	NZ	T083	C0027978
28348878	964	970	spread	T080	C0332261
28348878	976	981	swine	T015	C0039005
28348878	994	999	clade	T007	C1003859
28348878	1024	1031	LA-MRSA	T007	C1265292
28348878	1032	1039	lineage	T077	C1881379
28348878	1057	1063	global	T080	C2348867
28348878	1088	1106	Bayesian modelling	T081	C0242196
28348878	1127	1129	NZ	T083	C0027978
28348878	1130	1135	clade	T007	C1003859
28348878	1179	1185	origin	T079	C0439659
28348878	1189	1194	swine	T015	C0039005
28348878	1200	1214	Western Europe	T083	C0043129
28348878	1232	1239	factors	T169	C1521761
28348878	1260	1269	incursion	T033	C1304680
28348878	1274	1280	spread	T080	C0332261
28348878	1284	1291	LA-MRSA	T007	C1265292
28348878	1295	1325	geographically distant regions	T083	C0017446
28348878	1335	1337	NZ	T083	C0027978
28348878	1372	1378	global	T080	C2348867
28348878	1391	1400	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28348878	1401	1413	transmission	T070	C1521797
28348878	1431	1441	strategies	T170	C0679716
28348878	1469	1475	spread	T080	C0332261

28349200|t|Dispersal traits may reflect dispersal distances, but dispersers may not connect populations demographically
28349200|a|Ecological traits that reflect movement potential are often used as proxies for measured dispersal distances. Whether such traits reflect actual dispersal is often untested. Such tests are important because maximum dispersal distances may not be achieved and many dispersal events may be unsuccessful (without reproduction). For insects, many habitat patches harbour ' resident ' species that are present as larvae (sedentary) and adults (winged and dispersing), and ' itinerant ' species present only as adults that have dispersed from elsewhere and fail to reproduce. We tested whether itinerancy patterns were temporally consistent, and whether itinerant and resident species differed in wing morphology, a strong correlate of flight capability. Over 3 years and at multiple locations in a 22 km stream length, we sampled larvae and adults of caddisflies in the genus Ecnomus to categorize species as residents or itinerants. Flight capacity was measured using wing size (length and area) and shape parameters (aspect ratio and the second moment of wing area). Three species of Ecnomus were residents and three species were itinerants, and patterns were consistent over 3 years. On average, itinerant species had larger wings, suggesting a greater capacity to fly long distances. Wing shape differed between species, but did not differ systematically between residents and itinerants. Wing morphology was associated with actual but not effective dispersal of some species of Ecnomus. Morphological traits may have weak explanatory power for hypotheses regarding the demographic connectedness of populations, unless accompanied by data demonstrating which dispersers contribute new individuals to populations.
28349200	0	9	Dispersal	T169	C1704711
28349200	10	16	traits	T032	C0599883
28349200	29	38	dispersal	T169	C1704711
28349200	39	48	distances	T081	C0012751
28349200	54	64	dispersers	T001	C0029235
28349200	69	72	not	T169	C1518422
28349200	73	80	connect	T052	C2986575
28349200	81	92	populations	T081	C0032659
28349200	93	108	demographically	T062	C0011289
28349200	109	119	Ecological	T070	C0162358
28349200	120	126	traits	T032	C0599883
28349200	140	148	movement	T040	C0026649
28349200	149	158	potential	T080	C3245505
28349200	189	197	measured	T080	C0444706
28349200	198	207	dispersal	T169	C1704711
28349200	208	217	distances	T081	C0012751
28349200	232	238	traits	T032	C0599883
28349200	247	253	actual	T080	C0237400
28349200	254	263	dispersal	T169	C1704711
28349200	273	281	untested	T080	C3640292
28349200	288	293	tests	T169	C0039593
28349200	298	307	important	T080	C3898777
28349200	316	323	maximum	T081	C0806909
28349200	324	333	dispersal	T169	C1704711
28349200	334	343	distances	T081	C0012751
28349200	373	382	dispersal	T169	C1704711
28349200	383	389	events	T051	C0441471
28349200	397	409	unsuccessful	T080	C1272705
28349200	411	418	without	T080	C0332288
28349200	419	431	reproduction	T040	C0035150
28349200	438	445	insects	T204	C0021585
28349200	452	459	habitat	T082	C0871648
28349200	478	486	resident	T169	C0302891
28349200	489	496	species	T185	C1705920
28349200	506	513	present	T033	C0150312
28349200	517	523	larvae	T204	C0023047
28349200	525	534	sedentary	T080	C0205254
28349200	540	546	adults	T204	C0563200
28349200	548	554	winged	T033	C0243095
28349200	559	569	dispersing	T169	C1704711
28349200	578	587	itinerant	T169	C0205228
28349200	590	597	species	T185	C1705920
28349200	614	620	adults	T204	C0563200
28349200	631	640	dispersed	T169	C1704711
28349200	660	664	fail	T169	C0231175
28349200	668	677	reproduce	T040	C0035150
28349200	682	688	tested	T169	C0039593
28349200	697	707	itinerancy	T056	C0040802
28349200	708	716	patterns	T082	C0449774
28349200	722	732	temporally	T079	C0205374
28349200	733	743	consistent	T078	C0332290
28349200	757	766	itinerant	T169	C0205228
28349200	771	779	resident	T169	C0302891
28349200	780	787	species	T185	C1705920
28349200	788	796	differed	T080	C1705242
28349200	800	804	wing	T023	C0043189
28349200	805	815	morphology	T080	C0332437
28349200	819	825	strong	T080	C0442821
28349200	826	835	correlate	T080	C1707520
28349200	839	845	flight	T067	C2610507
28349200	846	856	capability	T080	C2698977
28349200	858	862	Over	T079	C0347984
28349200	863	870	3 years	T079	C0439234
28349200	878	886	multiple	T081	C0439064
28349200	887	896	locations	T082	C0450429
28349200	908	914	stream	T070	C0442540
28349200	915	921	length	T081	C1444754
28349200	934	940	larvae	T204	C0023047
28349200	945	951	adults	T204	C0563200
28349200	955	966	caddisflies	T204	C1003139
28349200	974	979	genus	T185	C1708235
28349200	980	987	Ecnomus	T204	C1203524
28349200	991	1001	categorize	T052	C0871968
28349200	1002	1009	species	T185	C1705920
28349200	1013	1022	residents	T169	C0302891
28349200	1026	1036	itinerants	T169	C0205228
28349200	1038	1044	Flight	T067	C2610507
28349200	1045	1053	capacity	T081	C1516240
28349200	1058	1066	measured	T080	C0444706
28349200	1073	1077	wing	T023	C0043189
28349200	1078	1082	size	T082	C0456389
28349200	1084	1090	length	T081	C1444754
28349200	1095	1099	area	T082	C0205146
28349200	1123	1135	aspect ratio	T081	C2346862
28349200	1144	1150	second	T081	C0205436
28349200	1151	1157	moment	T067	C0376590
28349200	1161	1165	wing	T023	C0043189
28349200	1166	1170	area	T082	C0205146
28349200	1173	1178	Three	T081	C0205449
28349200	1179	1186	species	T185	C1705920
28349200	1190	1197	Ecnomus	T204	C1203524
28349200	1203	1212	residents	T169	C0302891
28349200	1223	1230	species	T185	C1705920
28349200	1236	1246	itinerants	T169	C0205228
28349200	1252	1260	patterns	T082	C0449774
28349200	1266	1276	consistent	T080	C1948059
28349200	1277	1281	over	T079	C0347984
28349200	1282	1289	3 years	T079	C0439234
28349200	1294	1301	average	T081	C1510992
28349200	1303	1312	itinerant	T169	C0205228
28349200	1313	1320	species	T185	C1705920
28349200	1325	1331	larger	T081	C0549177
28349200	1332	1337	wings	T023	C0043189
28349200	1339	1349	suggesting	T078	C1705535
28349200	1352	1359	greater	T081	C1704243
28349200	1360	1368	capacity	T081	C1516240
28349200	1372	1375	fly	T056	C0441659
28349200	1376	1380	long	T080	C0205166
28349200	1381	1390	distances	T081	C0012751
28349200	1392	1396	Wing	T023	C0043189
28349200	1403	1411	differed	T080	C1705242
28349200	1420	1427	species	T185	C1705920
28349200	1420	1427	species	T185	C1705920
28349200	1437	1440	not	T169	C1518422
28349200	1448	1462	systematically	T169	C0220922
28349200	1471	1480	residents	T169	C0302891
28349200	1485	1495	itinerants	T169	C0205228
28349200	1497	1501	Wing	T023	C0043189
28349200	1502	1512	morphology	T080	C0332437
28349200	1517	1532	associated with	T080	C0332281
28349200	1533	1539	actual	T080	C0237400
28349200	1544	1547	not	T169	C1518422
28349200	1548	1557	effective	T080	C1704419
28349200	1558	1567	dispersal	T169	C1704711
28349200	1571	1575	some	T081	C0205392
28349200	1576	1583	species	T185	C1705920
28349200	1587	1594	Ecnomus	T204	C1203524
28349200	1596	1609	Morphological	T082	C0543482
28349200	1610	1616	traits	T032	C0599883
28349200	1626	1630	weak	T080	C1762617
28349200	1631	1648	explanatory power	T080	C0205556
28349200	1653	1663	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
28349200	1678	1703	demographic connectedness	T052	C2986575
28349200	1707	1718	populations	T081	C0032659
28349200	1742	1746	data	T078	C1511726
28349200	1767	1777	dispersers	T001	C0029235
28349200	1778	1788	contribute	T052	C1880177
28349200	1789	1792	new	T080	C0205314
28349200	1793	1804	individuals	T098	C1257890
28349200	1808	1819	populations	T081	C0032659

28349709|t|Meeting Report
28349709|a|On July 6 and 7, 2016 the Fourth Artificial Pancreas Workshop: Testing and Adoption of Current and Emerging Technologies was held on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Campus at the Lister Hill Auditorium. The meeting was sponsored by a group of governmental organizations and NGOs, listed in Appendix A. This was a very timely meeting as the artificial pancreas appears to be growing from academic studies to commercial projects. The first artificial pancreas may be marketed within 12 months and a few may be approved within 24 months. The NIH, the FDA, the JDRF, Helmsley Trust, Diabetes Technology Society, and other agencies, funders, and organizations have been strongly supportive of advancing artificial pancreas technology and usability, and thus the proceedings from this conference should be of exceptional interest to the diabetes technology community.
28349709	0	7	Meeting	T052	C0556656
28349709	8	14	Report	T170	C0684224
28349709	48	67	Artificial Pancreas	T074	C0336563
28349709	68	76	Workshop	UnknownType	C0681323
28349709	78	85	Testing	T169	C0039593
28349709	90	98	Adoption	UnknownType	C0681858
28349709	102	109	Current	T079	C0521116
28349709	114	135	Emerging Technologies	T080	C1516832
28349709	152	181	National Institutes of Health	T093	C0027468
28349709	183	186	NIH	T093	C0027468
28349709	202	224	Lister Hill Auditorium	T082	C1254362
28349709	230	237	meeting	T052	C0556656
28349709	242	254	sponsored by	T064	C0018109
28349709	257	292	group of governmental organizations	T092	C0018105
28349709	297	301	NGOs	T092	C0282271
28349709	313	323	Appendix A	T170	C0684224
28349709	348	355	meeting	T052	C0556656
28349709	363	382	artificial pancreas	T074	C0336563
28349709	410	426	academic studies	T170	C0282574
28349709	430	440	commercial	T170	C0680536
28349709	441	449	projects	T077	C1709701
28349709	461	480	artificial pancreas	T074	C0336563
28349709	488	496	marketed	T057	C0683746
28349709	531	539	approved	T080	C0205540
28349709	562	565	NIH	T093	C0027468
28349709	571	574	FDA	T093	C0041714
28349709	580	584	JDRF	T093	C1708333
28349709	586	600	Helmsley Trust	T092	C3826594
28349709	602	629	Diabetes Technology Society	T094	C0037459
28349709	641	677	agencies, funders, and organizations	T092	C0586395
28349709	697	707	supportive	T077	C1521721
28349709	721	740	artificial pancreas	T074	C0336563
28349709	741	751	technology	T091	C2979986
28349709	756	765	usability	T170	C1510648
28349709	780	812	proceedings from this conference	T170	C0009664
28349709	838	846	interest	T065	C0237439
28349709	854	883	diabetes technology community	T095	C0009482

28349897|t|3D printing scaffold coupled with low level light therapy for neural tissue regeneration
28349897|a|3D printing has shown promise for neural regeneration by providing customized nerve scaffolds to structurally support and bridge the defect gap as well as deliver cells or various bioactive substances. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) exhibits positive effects on rehabiliation of degenerative nerves and neural disorders. With this in mind, we postulate that 3D printed neural scaffold coupling with LLLT will generate a new strategy to repair neural degeneration. To achieve this goal, we applied red laser light to stimualte neural stem cells on 3D printed scaffolds and investigated the subsequent cell response with respect to cell proliferation and differentiation. Here we show that cell prolifeartion rate and intracellular reactive oxgen species synthesis were significantly increased after 15 s laser stimulation follwed by 1 d culture. Over culturing time of 14 d in vitro, the laser stimulation promoted neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells, while the glial differentiation was suppressed based on results of both immunocytochemistry studies and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. These findings suggest that integration of 3D printing and LLLT might provide a powerful methodology for neural tissue engineering.
28349897	0	11	3D printing	T073	C3849992
28349897	12	20	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28349897	21	28	coupled	T169	C1948027
28349897	34	57	low level light therapy	T061	C4019433
28349897	62	75	neural tissue	T024	C0027757
28349897	76	88	regeneration	T058	C0349676
28349897	89	100	3D printing	T073	C3849992
28349897	123	142	neural regeneration	T043	C0027756
28349897	156	166	customized	T052	C1880202
28349897	167	172	nerve	T024	C0027740
28349897	173	182	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28349897	222	228	defect	T169	C1457869
28349897	229	232	gap	T082	C3887622
28349897	252	257	cells	T025	C0007634
28349897	269	289	bioactive substances	T167	C3714412
28349897	291	314	Low-level light therapy	T061	C4019433
28349897	316	320	LLLT	T061	C4019433
28349897	331	339	positive	T033	C1446409
28349897	340	347	effects	T080	C1280500
28349897	351	364	rehabiliation	T061	C1283255
28349897	368	387	degenerative nerves	T047	C1456654
28349897	392	398	neural	T169	C3714606
28349897	399	408	disorders	T047	C0012634
28349897	447	457	3D printed	T073	C3849992
28349897	458	464	neural	T169	C3714606
28349897	465	473	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28349897	474	482	coupling	T169	C1948027
28349897	488	492	LLLT	T061	C4019433
28349897	525	531	repair	T058	C1705181
28349897	532	551	neural degeneration	T049	C0027746
28349897	586	601	red laser light	T070	C1289899
28349897	605	614	stimualte	T070	C1948023
28349897	615	632	neural stem cells	T025	C1113654
28349897	636	646	3D printed	T073	C3849992
28349897	647	656	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28349897	661	673	investigated	T169	C1292732
28349897	689	702	cell response	T043	C1318468
28349897	719	737	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28349897	742	757	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28349897	777	795	cell prolifeartion	T043	C0596290
28349897	796	800	rate	T052	C0871208
28349897	805	818	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28349897	819	851	reactive oxgen species synthesis	T038	C3894443
28349897	871	880	increased	T081	C0205217
28349897	892	909	laser stimulation	T042	C3850143
28349897	923	924	d	T079	C0439228
28349897	925	932	culture	T059	C0040284
28349897	939	948	culturing	T059	C0040284
28349897	949	953	time	T079	C0040223
28349897	960	961	d	T079	C0439228
28349897	962	970	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28349897	976	993	laser stimulation	T042	C3850143
28349897	994	1002	promoted	T052	C0033414
28349897	1003	1027	neuronal differentiation	T033	C1518294
28349897	1031	1048	neural stem cells	T025	C1113654
28349897	1060	1081	glial differentiation	T033	C1512195
28349897	1086	1096	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28349897	1106	1113	results	T169	C1274040
28349897	1122	1141	immunocytochemistry	T059	C0242349
28349897	1142	1149	studies	T062	C2603343
28349897	1154	1232	real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing	T063	C1709846
28349897	1240	1248	findings	T033	C0243095
28349897	1262	1273	integration	T066	C1705422
28349897	1277	1288	3D printing	T073	C3849992
28349897	1293	1297	LLLT	T061	C4019433
28349897	1323	1334	methodology	T078	C3266812
28349897	1339	1352	neural tissue	T024	C0027757
28349897	1353	1364	engineering	T090	C0014279

28350221|t|The NICE alcohol misuse standard - evaluating its impact
28350221|a|Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore factors affecting implementing the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) quality standard on alcohol misuse (QS11) and barriers and facilitators to its implementation. Design / methodology /approach Qualitative interview study analysed using directed and conventional content analyses. Participants were 38 individuals with experience of commissioning, delivering or using alcohol healthcare services in Southwark, Lambeth and Lewisham. Findings QS11 implementation ranged from no implementation to full implementation across the 13 statements. Implementation quality was also reported to vary widely across different settings. The analyses also uncovered numerous barriers and facilitators to implementing each statement. Overarching barriers to implementation included: inherent differences between specialist vs generalist settings; poor communication between healthcare settings; generic barriers to implementation; and poor governance structures and leadership. Research limitations /implications QS11 was created to summarise alcohol-related NICE guidance. The aim was to simplify guidance and enhance local implementation. However, in practice the standard requires complex actions by professionals. There was considerable variation in local alcohol commissioning models, which was associated with variation in implementation. These models warrant further evaluation to identify best practice. Originality/value Little evidence exists on the implementing quality standards, as distinct from clinical practice guidelines. The authors present direct evidence on quality standard implementation, identify implementation shortcomings and make recommendations for future research and practice.
28350221	4	8	NICE	T093	C1708333
28350221	9	32	alcohol misuse standard	T170	C0282574
28350221	35	45	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28350221	50	56	impact	T080	C4049986
28350221	57	64	Purpose	T169	C1285529
28350221	69	76	purpose	T169	C1285529
28350221	105	112	factors	T169	C1521761
28350221	113	122	affecting	T169	C0392760
28350221	123	135	implementing	T052	C1708476
28350221	140	189	National Institute for Health and Care Excellence	T093	C1708333
28350221	191	195	NICE	T093	C1708333
28350221	197	213	quality standard	T170	C0282574
28350221	217	231	alcohol misuse	T033	C0549649
28350221	233	237	QS11	T170	C0282574
28350221	243	251	barriers	UnknownType	C0814456
28350221	276	290	implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	292	298	Design	T052	C1707689
28350221	301	312	methodology	T078	C3266812
28350221	323	350	Qualitative interview study	T062	C0018260
28350221	351	359	analysed	T062	C0936012
28350221	379	408	conventional content analyses	T062	C0681915
28350221	410	422	Participants	T098	C0679646
28350221	431	442	individuals	T098	C0237401
28350221	448	458	experience	T041	C0596545
28350221	462	475	commissioning	T097	C1552561
28350221	477	487	delivering	UnknownType	C0677274
28350221	497	524	alcohol healthcare services	T093	C0557829
28350221	528	537	Southwark	UnknownType	C0681784
28350221	539	546	Lambeth	UnknownType	C0681784
28350221	551	559	Lewisham	UnknownType	C0681784
28350221	561	569	Findings	T033	C0243095
28350221	570	574	QS11	T170	C0282574
28350221	575	589	implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	605	619	implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	628	642	implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	657	667	statements	T078	C1710187
28350221	669	683	Implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	684	691	quality	T080	C0332306
28350221	701	709	reported	T058	C0700287
28350221	756	764	analyses	T062	C0936012
28350221	789	797	barriers	UnknownType	C0814456
28350221	818	830	implementing	T052	C1708476
28350221	836	845	statement	T078	C1710187
28350221	847	858	Overarching	T080	C0205556
28350221	859	867	barriers	UnknownType	C0814456
28350221	871	885	implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	960	978	poor communication	T033	C3276616
28350221	987	1006	healthcare settings	T058	C0086388
28350221	1016	1024	barriers	UnknownType	C0814456
28350221	1028	1042	implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	1048	1052	poor	T080	C0542537
28350221	1053	1063	governance	T092	C0018104
28350221	1079	1089	leadership	T054	C0023181
28350221	1091	1111	Research limitations	T169	C0449295
28350221	1126	1130	QS11	T170	C0282574
28350221	1172	1176	NICE	T093	C1708333
28350221	1177	1185	guidance	T058	C0150600
28350221	1211	1219	guidance	T058	C0150600
28350221	1224	1231	enhance	T052	C2349975
28350221	1232	1237	local	T082	C0205276
28350221	1238	1252	implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	1279	1287	standard	T170	C0282574
28350221	1316	1329	professionals	T097	C2371723
28350221	1341	1363	considerable variation	T080	C0205419
28350221	1373	1401	alcohol commissioning models	T170	C3161035
28350221	1413	1428	associated with	T080	C0332281
28350221	1429	1438	variation	T080	C0205419
28350221	1442	1456	implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	1464	1470	models	T170	C3161035
28350221	1487	1497	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28350221	1510	1523	best practice	T078	C3179154
28350221	1550	1558	evidence	T078	C3887511
28350221	1573	1585	implementing	T052	C1708476
28350221	1586	1603	quality standards	T170	C0282574
28350221	1622	1650	clinical practice guidelines	T170	C0282451
28350221	1679	1687	evidence	T078	C3887511
28350221	1691	1707	quality standard	T170	C0282574
28350221	1708	1722	implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	1733	1747	implementation	T052	C1708476
28350221	1770	1785	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28350221	1797	1805	research	T062	C0035168

28350368|t|Pathways to Suicide in Australian Farmers: A Life Chart Analysis
28350368|a|Farmers have been found to be at increased risk of suicide in Australia. The Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicidal Behaviour suggests that the proximal factors leading to the suicidal desire or ideation include an individual's experiences of both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Suicidal desire with acquired capability to engage in lethal self-injury is predictive of suicidal behaviour. This study investigates the pathways to suicide of 18 Australian male farmers in order to understand the suicidal process and antecedents to suicide in Australian male farmers. The psychological autopsy (PA) method was used to generate life charts. Two pathways with distinct suicidal processes were identified: acute situational (romantic relationship problems and financial concerns / pending retirement) and protracted (long-term psychiatric disorder). Long working hours, interpersonal conflicts, physical illnesses and pain, alcohol abuse, access to firearms, and exposure to drought were additional common factors identified. An understanding of the interrelatedness of diverse distal and proximal risk factors on suicidal pathways in the wider environmental context for male farmers is required when developing and implementing rural suicide prevention activities.
28350368	0	8	Pathways	T077	C1705987
28350368	12	19	Suicide	T033	C0038661
28350368	23	33	Australian	T098	C0238711
28350368	34	41	Farmers	T097	C0221460
28350368	45	64	Life Chart Analysis	T062	C0936012
28350368	65	72	Farmers	T097	C0221460
28350368	108	112	risk	T078	C0035647
28350368	116	123	suicide	T033	C0038661
28350368	127	136	Australia	T083	C0004340
28350368	142	176	Interpersonal-Psychological Theory	T170	C0033906
28350368	180	198	Suicidal Behaviour	T033	C1760428
28350368	217	225	proximal	T082	C0205107
28350368	226	233	factors	T169	C1521761
28350368	249	257	suicidal	T033	C0438696
28350368	258	264	desire	T041	C0871633
28350368	268	276	ideation	T041	C0392348
28350368	288	300	individual's	T098	C0237401
28350368	301	312	experiences	T041	C0596545
28350368	374	382	Suicidal	T033	C0438696
28350368	383	389	desire	T041	C0871633
28350368	428	434	lethal	T033	C3151529
28350368	435	446	self-injury	T037	C0424366
28350368	464	482	suicidal behaviour	T033	C1760428
28350368	489	494	study	T062	C2603343
28350368	512	520	pathways	T077	C1705987
28350368	524	531	suicide	T033	C0038661
28350368	538	548	Australian	T098	C0238711
28350368	549	553	male	T032	C0086582
28350368	554	561	farmers	T097	C0221460
28350368	589	597	suicidal	T033	C0438696
28350368	598	605	process	T067	C1522240
28350368	610	621	antecedents	T033	C3845874
28350368	625	632	suicide	T033	C0038661
28350368	636	646	Australian	T098	C0238711
28350368	647	651	male	T032	C0086582
28350368	652	659	farmers	T097	C0221460
28350368	665	686	psychological autopsy	T060	C0814468
28350368	688	690	PA	T060	C0814468
28350368	692	698	method	T170	C0025663
28350368	720	731	life charts	T170	C0282574
28350368	737	745	pathways	T077	C1705987
28350368	760	768	suicidal	T033	C0438696
28350368	769	778	processes	T067	C1522240
28350368	796	813	acute situational	T048	C0543947
28350368	815	845	romantic relationship problems	T033	C0425168
28350368	850	859	financial	T081	C0376243
28350368	860	868	concerns	T078	C2699424
28350368	871	878	pending	T079	C1611271
28350368	879	889	retirement	T033	C0035345
28350368	907	916	long-term	T079	C0443252
28350368	917	937	psychiatric disorder	T048	C0004936
28350368	940	958	Long working hours	T079	C1254367
28350368	960	983	interpersonal conflicts	T054	C0598715
28350368	985	1003	physical illnesses	T047	C0683323
28350368	1008	1012	pain	T184	C0030193
28350368	1014	1027	alcohol abuse	T048	C0085762
28350368	1029	1035	access	T078	C0015472
28350368	1039	1047	firearms	T073	C0016139
28350368	1053	1064	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28350368	1065	1072	drought	T070	C0013140
28350368	1096	1103	factors	T169	C1521761
28350368	1160	1167	diverse	T080	C1880371
28350368	1168	1174	distal	T082	C0205108
28350368	1179	1187	proximal	T082	C0205107
28350368	1188	1200	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28350368	1204	1212	suicidal	T033	C0438696
28350368	1213	1221	pathways	T077	C1705987
28350368	1235	1256	environmental context	UnknownType	C0683581
28350368	1261	1265	male	T032	C0086582
28350368	1266	1273	farmers	T097	C0221460
28350368	1319	1324	rural	T033	C0240919
28350368	1325	1343	suicide prevention	T061	C0204732
28350368	1344	1354	activities	T052	C0441655

28350803|t|Pharmacogenomic identification of small molecules for lineage specific manipulation of subventricular zone germinal activity
28350803|a|Strategies for promoting neural regeneration are hindered by the difficulty of manipulating desired neural fates in the brain without complex genetic methods. The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest germinal zone of the forebrain and is responsible for the lifelong generation of interneuron subtypes and oligodendrocytes. Here, we have performed a bioinformatics analysis of the transcriptome of dorsal and lateral SVZ in early postnatal mice, including neural stem cells (NSCs) and their immediate progenies, which generate distinct neural lineages. We identified multiple signaling pathways that trigger distinct downstream transcriptional networks to regulate the diversity of neural cells originating from the SVZ. Next, we used a novel in silico genomic analysis, searchable platform-independent expression database / connectivity map (SPIED / CMAP), to generate a catalogue of small molecules that can be used to manipulate SVZ microdomain-specific lineages. Finally, we demonstrate that compounds identified in this analysis promote the generation of specific cell lineages from NSCs in vivo, during postnatal life and adulthood, as well as in regenerative contexts. This study unravels new strategies for using small bioactive molecules to direct germinal activity in the SVZ, which has therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases.
28350803	0	30	Pharmacogenomic identification	T059	C4084975
28350803	34	49	small molecules	T109	C1328819
28350803	54	61	lineage	T077	C1881379
28350803	54	61	lineage	T077	C1881379
28350803	87	106	subventricular zone	T023	C3498657
28350803	107	115	germinal	T025	C0017471
28350803	116	124	activity	T052	C0441655
28350803	140	149	promoting	T052	C0033414
28350803	150	169	neural regeneration	T043	C0027756
28350803	225	231	neural	T169	C3714606
28350803	245	250	brain	T023	C0006104
28350803	267	282	genetic methods	T059	C0679560
28350803	288	307	subventricular zone	T023	C3498657
28350803	309	312	SVZ	T023	C3498657
28350803	329	337	germinal	T025	C0017471
28350803	338	342	zone	T082	C1710706
28350803	350	359	forebrain	T023	C0085140
28350803	396	406	generation	T052	C3146294
28350803	410	421	interneuron	T025	C0021792
28350803	435	451	oligodendrocytes	T025	C0028944
28350803	479	493	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28350803	494	502	analysis	T062	C0936012
28350803	510	523	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28350803	527	533	dorsal	T082	C0205095
28350803	538	545	lateral	T082	C0205093
28350803	546	549	SVZ	T023	C3498657
28350803	559	568	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28350803	569	573	mice	T015	C0025929
28350803	585	602	neural stem cells	T025	C1113654
28350803	604	608	NSCs	T025	C1113654
28350803	665	671	neural	T169	C3714606
28350803	672	680	lineages	T077	C1881379
28350803	705	723	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
28350803	729	736	trigger	T080	C1444748
28350803	746	781	downstream transcriptional networks	T044	C1720950
28350803	798	807	diversity	T080	C1880371
28350803	811	823	neural cells	T025	C0027882
28350803	845	848	SVZ	T023	C3498657
28350803	872	881	in silico	T066	C3489666
28350803	882	898	genomic analysis	T063	C0796358
28350803	900	951	searchable platform-independent expression database	T170	C0242356
28350803	954	970	connectivity map	T170	C0282574
28350803	972	977	SPIED	T170	C0242356
28350803	980	984	CMAP	T170	C0282574
28350803	1014	1029	small molecules	T109	C1328819
28350803	1061	1064	SVZ	T023	C3498657
28350803	1065	1085	microdomain-specific	T080	C0205556
28350803	1086	1094	lineages	T077	C1881379
28350803	1154	1162	analysis	T062	C0936012
28350803	1163	1170	promote	T052	C0033414
28350803	1198	1202	cell	T025	C0007634
28350803	1203	1211	lineages	T077	C1881379
28350803	1217	1221	NSCs	T025	C1113654
28350803	1222	1229	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28350803	1238	1247	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28350803	1257	1266	adulthood	T079	C0700597
28350803	1282	1303	regenerative contexts	T169	C0334213
28350803	1350	1375	small bioactive molecules	T123	C0574031
28350803	1386	1394	germinal	T025	C0017471
28350803	1395	1403	activity	T052	C0441655
28350803	1411	1414	SVZ	T023	C3498657
28350803	1426	1437	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28350803	1438	1447	potential	T080	C3245505
28350803	1451	1477	neurodegenerative diseases	T047	C0524851

28351136|t|Bi-directional DNA Walking Machine and Its Application in an Enzyme-Free Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for Sensitive Detection of MicroRNAs
28351136|a|Herein, a dual microRNA (miRNA) powered bi-directional DNA walking machine with precise control was developed to fabricate an enzyme-free biosensor on the basis of distance-based electrochemiluminescence (ECL) energy transfer for multiple detection of miRNAs. By using miRNA-21 as the driving force, the DNA walker could move forth along the track and generated quenching of ECL response due to the proximity between Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Mn(2+) doped CdS nanocrystals (CdS: Mn NCs) film as the ECL emitters, realizing ultrasensitive determination of miRNA-21. Impressively, once miRNA-155 was introduced as the driving force, the walker could move back along the track automatically, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) occurred owing to the appropriate large separation between AuNPs and CdS: Mn NCs, achieving an ECL enhancement and realizing ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-155. The bi-directiona l movement of the DNA walker on the track led to continuous distance-based energy transfer from CdS: Mn NCs film by AuNPs, which resulted in significant ECL signal variation of CdS: Mn NCs for multiple detection of miRNA-21 and miRNA-155 down to 1.51 fM and 1.67 fM, respectively. Amazingly, the elaborated biosensor provided a new chance for constructing controllable molecular nanomachines in biosensing, disease diagnosis, and clinical analysis.
28351136	0	14	Bi-directional	T080	C1706937
28351136	15	34	DNA Walking Machine	T114	C0598279
28351136	61	97	Enzyme-Free Electrochemiluminescence	T059	C3830326
28351136	98	107	Biosensor	T075	C0600364
28351136	112	121	Sensitive	T169	C0332324
28351136	122	131	Detection	T080	C0205396
28351136	135	144	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28351136	160	168	microRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28351136	170	175	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28351136	185	219	bi-directional DNA walking machine	T170	C0282574
28351136	271	292	enzyme-free biosensor	T075	C0600364
28351136	309	323	distance-based	T081	C0012751
28351136	324	348	electrochemiluminescence	T059	C3830326
28351136	350	353	ECL	T059	C3830326
28351136	355	370	energy transfer	T044	C0014274
28351136	384	393	detection	T080	C0205396
28351136	397	403	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28351136	414	422	miRNA-21	T114,T123	C1999986
28351136	430	443	driving force	T067	C0441722
28351136	449	459	DNA walker	T114	C0598279
28351136	507	516	quenching	T043	C3546682
28351136	520	523	ECL	T059	C3830326
28351136	544	553	proximity	T082	C1514583
28351136	562	564	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28351136	565	578	nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
28351136	580	585	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
28351136	591	597	Mn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346927
28351136	604	607	CdS	T131,T197	C0054417
28351136	608	620	nanocrystals	T073	C1721061
28351136	622	625	CdS	T131,T197	C0054417
28351136	627	629	Mn	T123,T196	C0024706
28351136	630	633	NCs	T073	C1721061
28351136	635	639	film	T167	C1561572
28351136	647	650	ECL	T059	C3830326
28351136	651	659	emitters	T073	C1707907
28351136	671	685	ultrasensitive	T169	C0332324
28351136	686	699	determination	T059	C1148554
28351136	703	711	miRNA-21	T114,T123	C1999986
28351136	732	741	miRNA-155	T114	C2003121
28351136	764	777	driving force	T067	C0441722
28351136	783	789	walker	T114	C0598279
28351136	816	821	track	T082	C0546881
28351136	822	835	automatically	T033	C3842331
28351136	841	866	surface plasmon resonance	T063	C0597731
28351136	868	871	SPR	T063	C0597731
28351136	932	937	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
28351136	942	945	CdS	T131,T197	C0054417
28351136	947	949	Mn	T123,T196	C0024706
28351136	950	953	NCs	T073	C1721061
28351136	968	971	ECL	T059	C3830326
28351136	972	983	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28351136	998	1012	ultrasensitive	T169	C0332324
28351136	1013	1022	detection	T080	C0205396
28351136	1026	1035	miRNA-155	T114	C2003121
28351136	1041	1054	bi-directiona	T080	C1706937
28351136	1057	1065	movement	T040	C0026649
28351136	1073	1083	DNA walker	T114	C0598279
28351136	1115	1129	distance-based	T081	C0012751
28351136	1130	1145	energy transfer	T044	C0014274
28351136	1151	1154	CdS	T131,T197	C0054417
28351136	1156	1158	Mn	T123,T196	C0024706
28351136	1159	1162	NCs	T073	C1721061
28351136	1163	1167	film	T167	C1561572
28351136	1171	1176	AuNPs	T073	C1721060
28351136	1208	1211	ECL	T059	C3830326
28351136	1212	1218	signal	T067	C1710082
28351136	1219	1228	variation	T080	C0205419
28351136	1232	1235	CdS	T131,T197	C0054417
28351136	1237	1239	Mn	T123,T196	C0024706
28351136	1240	1243	NCs	T073	C1721061
28351136	1248	1266	multiple detection	T080	C0205396
28351136	1270	1278	miRNA-21	T114,T123	C1999986
28351136	1283	1292	miRNA-155	T114	C2003121
28351136	1362	1371	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28351136	1424	1433	molecular	T080	C1521991
28351136	1450	1460	biosensing	T059	C0005567
28351136	1462	1469	disease	T047	C0012634
28351136	1470	1479	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28351136	1485	1493	clinical	T080	C0205210
28351136	1494	1502	analysis	T062	C0936012

28351265|t|Risk of death lower for older people who are also parents
28351265|a|Parenthood is associated with a longer life than being childless, and increasingly so in old age, say Swedish researchers.
28351265	0	4	Risk	T078	C0035647
28351265	8	13	death	T040	C0011065
28351265	14	19	lower	T052	C2003888
28351265	24	36	older people	T098	C3826770
28351265	50	57	parents	T099	C0030551
28351265	58	68	Parenthood	T054	C0337469
28351265	72	87	associated with	T080	C0332281
28351265	90	96	longer	T080	C0205166
28351265	97	101	life	T078	C0376558
28351265	113	122	childless	T099	C0237410
28351265	128	140	increasingly	T169	C0442808
28351265	147	154	old age	T098	C1999167
28351265	160	167	Swedish	T098	C1710263
28351265	168	179	researchers	T097	C0035173

28351298|t|Aberrant gene - specific DNA methylation signature analysis in cervical cancer
28351298|a|Multicomponent molecular modifications such as DNA methylation may offer sensitive and specific cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer biomarkers. In this study, we tested cervical tissues at various stages of tumor progression for 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels and also DNA promoter methylation profile of a panel of genes for its diagnostic potential. In total, 5-methylcytosine, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and promoter methylation of 33 genes were evaluated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based technique, and bisulfate-based next generation sequencing. The 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine contents were significantly reduced in squamous cell carcinoma and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a significant difference in (1) 5-methylcytosine between normal and squamous cell carcinoma tissues (area under the curve = 0.946) and (2) 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels among normal, squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma. Analyses of our next generation sequencing results and data from five independent published studies consisting of 191 normal, 10 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, 21 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 335 malignant tissues identified a panel of nine genes (ARHGAP6, DAPK1, HAND2, NKX2-2, NNAT, PCDH10, PROX1, PITX2, and RAB6C) which could effectively discriminate among the various groups with sensitivity and specificity of 80%-100% (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 12 gene promoters (ARHGAP6, HAND2, LHX9, HEY2, NKX2-2, PCDH10, PITX2, PROX1, TBX3, IKBKG, RAB6C, and DAPK1) were also methylated in one or more of the cervical cancer cell lines tested. The global and gene - specific methylation of the panel of genes identified in our study may serve as useful biomarkers for the early detection and clinical management of cervical cancer.
28351298	0	8	Aberrant	T080	C0443127
28351298	9	13	gene	T028	C0017337
28351298	16	24	specific	T080	C0205369
28351298	25	40	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28351298	51	59	analysis	T062	C0936012
28351298	63	78	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28351298	94	103	molecular	T080	C1521991
28351298	104	117	modifications	T169	C0392747
28351298	126	141	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28351298	152	161	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28351298	166	174	specific	T080	C0205369
28351298	175	209	cervical intraepithelial neoplasia	T191	C0206708
28351298	214	229	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28351298	230	240	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
28351298	250	255	study	T062	C2603343
28351298	260	266	tested	T169	C0039593
28351298	267	275	cervical	T029	C0027530
28351298	276	283	tissues	T024	C0040300
28351298	287	294	various	T081	C0439064
28351298	295	301	stages	T079	C1306673
28351298	305	322	tumor progression	T191	C0178874
28351298	327	343	5-methylcytosine	T114,T123	C0049308
28351298	348	371	5-hydroxymethylcytosine	T109	C0049241
28351298	372	378	levels	T080	C0441889
28351298	388	391	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28351298	392	400	promoter	T028	C0314621
28351298	401	412	methylation	T044	C0376452
28351298	413	420	profile	T059	C1979963
28351298	435	440	genes	T028	C0017337
28351298	449	459	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28351298	460	469	potential	T080	C3245505
28351298	481	497	5-methylcytosine	T114,T123	C0049308
28351298	499	522	5-hydroxymethylcytosine	T109	C0049241
28351298	528	536	promoter	T028	C0314621
28351298	537	548	methylation	T044	C0376452
28351298	555	560	genes	T028	C0017337
28351298	579	632	reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562
28351298	634	667	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28351298	674	683	technique	T169	C0449851
28351298	689	731	bisulfate-based next generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
28351298	737	753	5-methylcytosine	T114,T123	C0049308
28351298	758	781	5-hydroxymethylcytosine	T109	C0049241
28351298	796	809	significantly	T078	C0750502
28351298	810	817	reduced	T080	C0392756
28351298	821	844	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
28351298	849	888	receiver operating characteristic curve	T081	C0034772
28351298	889	897	analysis	T062	C0936012
28351298	907	918	significant	T078	C0750502
28351298	919	929	difference	T080	C1705242
28351298	937	953	5-methylcytosine	T114,T123	C0049308
28351298	962	968	normal	T080	C0205307
28351298	973	996	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
28351298	997	1004	tissues	T024	C0040300
28351298	1006	1026	area under the curve	T081	C0376690
28351298	1044	1067	5-hydroxymethylcytosine	T109	C0049241
28351298	1068	1074	levels	T080	C0441889
28351298	1081	1087	normal	T033	C0221198
28351298	1089	1121	squamous intraepithelial lesions	T191	C0333873
28351298	1126	1149	squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0007137
28351298	1151	1159	Analyses	T062	C0936012
28351298	1167	1193	next generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
28351298	1194	1201	results	T169	C1274040
28351298	1206	1210	data	T078	C1511726
28351298	1233	1250	published studies	T170	C1704324
28351298	1269	1275	normal	T033	C0221198
28351298	1280	1322	low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions	T191	C1302773
28351298	1327	1370	high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions	T191	C0333875
28351298	1380	1389	malignant	T191	C0006826
28351298	1390	1397	tissues	T024	C0040300
28351298	1398	1408	identified	T080	C0205396
28351298	1420	1424	nine	T081	C0205455
28351298	1425	1430	genes	T028	C0017337
28351298	1432	1439	ARHGAP6	T028	C1412523
28351298	1441	1446	DAPK1	T028	C1413906
28351298	1448	1453	HAND2	T028	C1415467
28351298	1455	1461	NKX2-2	T028	C1417735
28351298	1463	1467	NNAT	T028	C1417747
28351298	1469	1475	PCDH10	T028	C1421975
28351298	1477	1482	PROX1	T028	C1418951
28351298	1484	1489	PITX2	T028	C1418596
28351298	1495	1500	RAB6C	T028	C1424353
28351298	1514	1525	effectively	T080	C1704419
28351298	1526	1538	discriminate	T080	C0205235
28351298	1549	1556	various	T081	C0439064
28351298	1557	1563	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28351298	1569	1580	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28351298	1585	1596	specificity	T080	C0205369
28351298	1637	1651	gene promoters	T028	C0314621
28351298	1653	1660	ARHGAP6	T028	C1412523
28351298	1662	1667	HAND2	T028	C1415467
28351298	1669	1673	LHX9	T028	C1422495
28351298	1675	1679	HEY2	T028	C1415525
28351298	1681	1687	NKX2-2	T028	C1417735
28351298	1689	1695	PCDH10	T028	C1421975
28351298	1697	1702	PITX2	T028	C1418596
28351298	1704	1709	PROX1	T028	C1418951
28351298	1711	1715	TBX3	T028	C1420613
28351298	1717	1722	IKBKG	T028	C1416380
28351298	1724	1729	RAB6C	T028	C1424353
28351298	1735	1740	DAPK1	T028	C1413906
28351298	1752	1762	methylated	T044	C0376452
28351298	1785	1800	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328
28351298	1801	1811	cell lines	T025	C0007600
28351298	1812	1818	tested	T169	C0039593
28351298	1824	1830	global	T080	C2348867
28351298	1835	1839	gene	T028	C0017337
28351298	1842	1850	specific	T080	C0205369
28351298	1851	1862	methylation	T044	C0376452
28351298	1879	1884	genes	T028	C0017337
28351298	1885	1895	identified	T080	C0205396
28351298	1903	1908	study	T062	C2603343
28351298	1922	1928	useful	T080	C3827682
28351298	1929	1939	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
28351298	1954	1963	detection	T061	C1511790
28351298	1968	1987	clinical management	T058	C1516615
28351298	1991	2006	cervical cancer	T191	C4048328

28351424|t|Variables associated with unplanned general adult ICU admission in hospitalised patients: protocol for a systematic review
28351424|a|Failure to promptly identify deterioration in hospitalised patients is associated with delayed admission to intensive care units (ICUs) and poor outcomes. Existing vital sign -based Early Warning Score (EWS) algorithms do not have a sufficiently high positive predictive value to be used for automated activation of an ICU outreach team. Incorporating additional patient data might improve the predictive power of EWS algorithms; however, it is currently not known which patient data (or variables) are most predictive of ICU admission. We describe the protocol for a systematic review of variables associated with ICU admission. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library, including Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) will be searched for studies that assess the association of routinely recorded variables associated with subsequent unplanned ICU admission. Only studies involving adult patients admitted to general ICUs will be included. We will extract data relating to the statistical association between ICU admission and predictor variables, the quality of the studies and the generalisability of the findings. The results of this review will aid the development of future models which predict the risk of unplanned ICU admission. PROSPERO: CRD42015029617.
28351424	0	9	Variables	T080	C0439828
28351424	10	25	associated with	T080	C0332281
28351424	26	35	unplanned	T080	C0205556
28351424	36	49	general adult	T100	C0001675
28351424	50	63	ICU admission	T058	C0583239
28351424	67	88	hospitalised patients	T101	C0870668
28351424	90	98	protocol	T170	C0442711
28351424	105	115	systematic	T169	C0220922
28351424	116	122	review	T078	C1552617
28351424	123	130	Failure	T169	C0231175
28351424	143	151	identify	T080	C0205396
28351424	152	165	deterioration	T067	C0868945
28351424	169	190	hospitalised patients	T101	C0870668
28351424	194	209	associated with	T080	C0332281
28351424	210	217	delayed	T079	C0205421
28351424	218	251	admission to intensive care units	T058	C0583239
28351424	253	257	ICUs	T073,T093	C0021708
28351424	263	267	poor	T080	C2700379
28351424	268	276	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28351424	278	286	Existing	T077	C2987476
28351424	287	297	vital sign	T201	C0518766
28351424	305	324	Early Warning Score	T081	C0449820
28351424	325	330	(EWS)	T081	C0449820
28351424	331	341	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28351424	356	368	sufficiently	T080	C0205410
28351424	369	373	high	T080	C0205250
28351424	374	382	positive	T077	C3812269
28351424	383	399	predictive value	T080	C1514307
28351424	415	424	automated	T169	C0205554
28351424	425	435	activation	T052	C1879547
28351424	442	445	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28351424	446	459	outreach team	T097	C0586969
28351424	461	474	Incorporating	T169	C0332257
28351424	486	498	patient data	T170	C2707520
28351424	505	512	improve	T033	C0184511
28351424	517	527	predictive	T080	C0681890
28351424	528	533	power	T081	C3854080
28351424	537	540	EWS	T081	C0449820
28351424	541	551	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28351424	568	577	currently	T079	C0521116
28351424	594	606	patient data	T170	C2707520
28351424	611	620	variables	T080	C0439828
28351424	631	641	predictive	T080	C0681890
28351424	645	658	ICU admission	T058	C0583239
28351424	676	684	protocol	T170	C0442711
28351424	691	701	systematic	T169	C0220922
28351424	702	708	review	T078	C1552617
28351424	712	721	variables	T080	C0439828
28351424	722	737	associated with	T080	C0332281
28351424	738	751	ICU admission	T058	C0583239
28351424	753	760	MEDLINE	T170	C0242356
28351424	762	768	EMBASE	T170	C0242356
28351424	770	776	CINAHL	T170	C0242356
28351424	785	801	Cochrane Library	T170	C0242356
28351424	803	812	including	T169	C0332257
28351424	813	852	Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews	T170	C0242356
28351424	861	907	Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials	T170	C0282574
28351424	908	917	(CENTRAL)	T170	C0282574
28351424	926	934	searched	T052	C1706202
28351424	939	946	studies	T062	C2603343
28351424	952	958	assess	T058	C0184514
28351424	963	974	association	T080	C0439849
28351424	978	987	routinely	T080	C0205547
28351424	988	996	recorded	T170	C0034869
28351424	997	1006	variables	T080	C0439828
28351424	1007	1022	associated with	T080	C0332281
28351424	1023	1033	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28351424	1034	1043	unplanned	T080	C0205556
28351424	1044	1057	ICU admission	T058	C0583239
28351424	1064	1071	studies	T062	C2603343
28351424	1072	1081	involving	T169	C1314939
28351424	1082	1087	adult	T100	C0001675
28351424	1088	1096	patients	T101	C0030705
28351424	1097	1108	admitted to	T058	C0184666
28351424	1109	1116	general	T082	C0205246
28351424	1117	1121	ICUs	T073,T093	C0021708
28351424	1130	1138	included	T169	C0332257
28351424	1148	1155	extract	T080	C0849355
28351424	1156	1160	data	T078	C1511726
28351424	1161	1172	relating to	T080	C0332281
28351424	1177	1200	statistical association	T062,T170	C0010101
28351424	1209	1222	ICU admission	T058	C0583239
28351424	1227	1236	predictor	T078	C0681842
28351424	1237	1246	variables	T080	C0439828
28351424	1252	1259	quality	T080	C0332306
28351424	1267	1274	studies	T062	C2603343
28351424	1283	1299	generalisability	T082	C0205246
28351424	1307	1315	findings	T033	C0243095
28351424	1321	1328	results	T169	C1274040
28351424	1337	1343	review	T078	C1552617
28351424	1349	1352	aid	T080	C1269765
28351424	1357	1368	development	T169	C1527148
28351424	1379	1385	models	T170	C3161035
28351424	1392	1399	predict	T078	C0681842
28351424	1404	1408	risk	T078	C0035647
28351424	1412	1421	unplanned	T080	C0205556
28351424	1422	1435	ICU admission	T058	C0583239

28351716|t|Diagnosis of retinal health in digital fundus images using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and entropies
28351716|a|Vision is paramount to humans to lead an active personal and professional life. The prevalence of ocular diseases is rising, and diseases such as glaucoma, Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) are the leading causes of blindness in developed countries. Identifying these diseases in mass screening programmes is time-consuming, labor -intensive and the diagnosis can be subjective. The use of an automated computer aided diagnosis system will reduce the time taken for analysis and will also reduce the inter-observer subjective variabilities in image interpretation. In this work, we propose one such system for the automatic classification of normal from abnormal (DR, AMD, glaucoma) images. We had a total of 404 normal and 1082 abnormal fundus images in our database. As the first step, 2D-Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) decomposition on the fundus images of two classes was performed. Subsequently, energy features and various entropies namely Yager, Renyi, Kapoor, Shannon, and Fuzzy were extracted from the decomposed images. Then, adaptive synthetic sampling approach was applied to balance the normal and abnormal datasets. Next, the extracted features were ranked according to the significances using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Thereupon, the ranked and selected features were used to train the random forest classifier using stratified 10-fold cross validation. Overall, the proposed system presented a performance rate of 92.48%, and a sensitivity and specificity of 89.37% and 95.58% respectively using 15 features. This novel system shows promise in detecting abnormal fundus images, and hence, could be a valuable adjunct eye health screening tool that could be employed in polyclinics, and thereby reduce the workload of specialists at hospitals.
28351716	0	9	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28351716	13	20	retinal	T023	C0035298
28351716	21	27	health	T078	C0018684
28351716	31	52	digital fundus images	T060	C0200189
28351716	59	87	continuous wavelet transform	T062	C2936326
28351716	89	92	CWT	T062	C2936326
28351716	98	107	entropies	T067	C0376522
28351716	108	114	Vision	T040	C0042789
28351716	131	137	humans	T016	C0086418
28351716	156	164	personal	T032	C1519021
28351716	169	186	professional life	T090	C2698884
28351716	192	202	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28351716	206	221	ocular diseases	T047	C0015397
28351716	237	245	diseases	T047	C0012634
28351716	254	262	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
28351716	264	284	Diabetic Retinopathy	T047	C0011884
28351716	286	288	DR	T047	C0011884
28351716	294	326	Age-related Macular Degeneration	T047	C0242383
28351716	328	331	AMD	T047	C0242383
28351716	341	348	leading	T169	C1522538
28351716	349	355	causes	T169	C0015127
28351716	359	368	blindness	T033	C0456909
28351716	372	391	developed countries	T080	C0282613
28351716	411	419	diseases	T047	C0012634
28351716	423	448	mass screening programmes	T058	C0024870
28351716	452	466	time-consuming	T080	C3827829
28351716	468	473	labor	T057	C0043227
28351716	493	502	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28351716	510	520	subjective	T080	C0439655
28351716	536	577	automated computer aided diagnosis system	T060	C0011905
28351716	609	617	analysis	T062	C0936012
28351716	643	682	inter-observer subjective variabilities	T081	C0021713
28351716	686	706	image interpretation	T060,T062	C0020910
28351716	757	766	automatic	T169	C0205554
28351716	767	781	classification	T185	C0008902
28351716	785	791	normal	T080	C0205307
28351716	797	805	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28351716	807	809	DR	T047	C0011884
28351716	811	814	AMD	T047	C0242383
28351716	816	824	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
28351716	826	832	images	T070	C0237660
28351716	856	862	normal	T080	C0205307
28351716	872	880	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28351716	881	894	fundus images	T060	C0200189
28351716	902	910	database	T170	C0242356
28351716	931	962	2D-Continuous Wavelet Transform	T062	C2936326
28351716	964	967	CWT	T062	C2936326
28351716	990	1003	fundus images	T060	C0200189
28351716	1048	1054	energy	T081	C1442080
28351716	1076	1085	entropies	T067	C0376522
28351716	1169	1175	images	T070	C0237660
28351716	1202	1219	sampling approach	T170	C0449370
28351716	1247	1253	normal	T080	C0205307
28351716	1258	1266	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28351716	1267	1275	datasets	T170	C0150098
28351716	1355	1382	Particle Swarm Optimization	T170	C0282574
28351716	1384	1387	PSO	T170	C0282574
28351716	1488	1498	stratified	T080	C0205363
28351716	1507	1523	cross validation	T062	C0681935
28351716	1566	1582	performance rate	T081	C3533080
28351716	1600	1611	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28351716	1616	1627	specificity	T081	C0037791
28351716	1726	1734	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28351716	1735	1748	fundus images	T060	C0200189
28351716	1789	1792	eye	T023	C0015392
28351716	1793	1799	health	T078	C0018684
28351716	1800	1814	screening tool	T058	C0220908
28351716	1841	1852	polyclinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28351716	1877	1885	workload	T081	C0085122
28351716	1889	1900	specialists	T097	C1611835
28351716	1904	1913	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994

28351807|t|Profiles, sources and potential exposures of parent, chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in haze associated atmosphere
28351807|a|Profiles, sources and potential exposures of chlorinated and brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs and BrPAHs) in haze associated atmosphere remain unclear. Haze events happened frequently during heating period in Beijing provided a typical urban context to investigate the concentrations, profiles, sources and potential exposures of ClPAHs, BrPAHs and their non-halogenated parent compounds (PAHs) in air samples. Average concentrations of PAHs, ClPAHs and BrPAHs during heating periods (with more frequent haze events) were about 3-9 times higher than during non-heating periods. Concentrations of particulate matter (PM)- associated ClPAHs and BrPAHs were higher in heating period than in non-heating period, while for gas - associated ClPAHs and BrPAHs, this distinction was not significant. Congener patterns and congener profiles indicated that with increasing coal combustion during the heating period, concentrations of PAHs and ClPAHs in air were elevated in comparison to the non-heating period. Inhalation of PM - associated PAHs, ClPAHs and BrPAHs accounted for higher exposure than inhalation of gas phase and dermal contact of both gas phase and particulate phase. In this study we found that the particulate phase is the dominant exposure pathway of atmospheric PAHs, ClPAHs and BrPAHs during haze days, which is different from previous studies.
28351807	0	8	Profiles	T059	C1979963
28351807	10	17	sources	T033	C0449416
28351807	32	41	exposures	T033	C2015793
28351807	45	51	parent	T109	C0032458
28351807	53	64	chlorinated	T109	C0032458
28351807	69	112	brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	T109	C0032458
28351807	116	120	haze	T070	C0450030
28351807	121	131	associated	T080	C0332281
28351807	132	142	atmosphere	T070	C0935443
28351807	143	151	Profiles	T059	C1979963
28351807	153	160	sources	T033	C0449416
28351807	175	184	exposures	T033	C2015793
28351807	188	199	chlorinated	T109	C0032458
28351807	204	247	brominated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons	T109	C0032458
28351807	249	255	ClPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	260	266	BrPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	271	275	haze	T070	C0450030
28351807	276	286	associated	T080	C0332281
28351807	287	297	atmosphere	T070	C0935443
28351807	305	312	unclear	T033	C3845108
28351807	314	318	Haze	T070	C0450030
28351807	319	325	events	T051	C0441471
28351807	335	345	frequently	T079	C0332183
28351807	353	360	heating	T069	C0018851
28351807	361	367	period	T079	C1948053
28351807	371	378	Beijing	T083	C4042832
28351807	398	403	urban	T083	C0442529
28351807	404	411	context	T078	C0449255
28351807	415	426	investigate	T169	C1292732
28351807	431	445	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28351807	447	455	profiles	T059	C1979963
28351807	457	464	sources	T033	C0449416
28351807	479	488	exposures	T033	C2015793
28351807	492	498	ClPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	500	506	BrPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	517	549	non-halogenated parent compounds	T109	C0032458
28351807	551	555	PAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	560	571	air samples	T167	C1546536
28351807	581	595	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28351807	599	603	PAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	605	611	ClPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	616	622	BrPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	630	637	heating	T069	C0018851
28351807	638	645	periods	T079	C1948053
28351807	657	665	frequent	T079	C0332183
28351807	666	670	haze	T070	C0450030
28351807	671	677	events	T051	C0441471
28351807	719	738	non-heating periods	T079	C1948053
28351807	740	754	Concentrations	T081	C1446561
28351807	758	776	particulate matter	T167	C1720884
28351807	778	780	PM	T167	C1720884
28351807	783	793	associated	T080	C0332281
28351807	794	800	ClPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	805	811	BrPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	827	834	heating	T069	C0018851
28351807	835	841	period	T079	C1948053
28351807	850	868	non-heating period	T079	C1948053
28351807	880	883	gas	T167	C1550641
28351807	886	896	associated	T080	C0332281
28351807	897	903	ClPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	908	914	BrPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	954	971	Congener patterns	T169	C0205245
28351807	976	993	congener profiles	T059	C1979963
28351807	1014	1024	increasing	T169	C0442808
28351807	1025	1029	coal	T109	C0009131
28351807	1030	1040	combustion	T067	C0242833
28351807	1052	1059	heating	T069	C0018851
28351807	1060	1066	period	T079	C1948053
28351807	1068	1082	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28351807	1086	1090	PAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	1095	1101	ClPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	1105	1108	air	T167	C0001861
28351807	1114	1122	elevated	T080	C3163633
28351807	1144	1162	non-heating period	T079	C1948053
28351807	1164	1174	Inhalation	T040	C0004048
28351807	1178	1180	PM	T167	C1720884
28351807	1183	1193	associated	T080	C0332281
28351807	1194	1198	PAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	1200	1206	ClPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	1211	1217	BrPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	1239	1247	exposure	T080	C0332157
28351807	1253	1263	inhalation	T040	C0004048
28351807	1267	1270	gas	T167	C1550641
28351807	1271	1276	phase	T079	C0205390
28351807	1281	1287	dermal	T080	C0221928
28351807	1288	1295	contact	T169	C0205245
28351807	1304	1307	gas	T167	C1550641
28351807	1308	1313	phase	T079	C0205390
28351807	1318	1329	particulate	T167	C0457784
28351807	1330	1335	phase	T079	C0205390
28351807	1369	1380	particulate	T167	C0457784
28351807	1381	1386	phase	T079	C0205390
28351807	1403	1411	exposure	T080	C0332157
28351807	1412	1419	pathway	T077	C1705987
28351807	1423	1434	atmospheric	T070	C0935443
28351807	1435	1439	PAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	1441	1447	ClPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	1452	1458	BrPAHs	T109	C0032458
28351807	1466	1470	haze	T070	C0450030
28351807	1471	1475	days	T079	C0439228

28352621|t|Granulomatous prostatitis: clinical and histomorphologic survey of the disease in a tertiary care hospital
28352621|a|Granulomatous prostatitis is an uncommon entity that is diagnosed incidentally on histopathology and is broadly classified as nonspecific, specific, postsurgical (post-transurethral resection), or secondary to other rare systemic granulomatous diseases. Only very few studies are available in the literature that describe the clinical and histomorphological spectrum of the disease. A retrospective analysis of histopathological records of 1,181 prostatic specimens received in the pathology department was done over a period of 13 years (January 2003 to January 2016). All histologically proven cases of granulomatous prostatitis were retrieved, and relevant clinical data were collected from patients' records. Epstein and Hutchins classification was used to categorize these cases. Twenty-two cases of granulomatous prostatitis were identified, accounting for an incidence of 1.86%. Among these, nonspecific granulomatous prostatitis (n = 10) was the most common followed by tubercular prostatitis (n = 5), posttransurethral resection of the prostate (n = 3), allergic (n = 2), and xanthogranulomatous prostatitis (n = 2). The age range of these patients was between 41 and 75 years, with the majority of patients in their 7(th) decade. Serum prostate-specific antigen levels ranged between 0.88 ng/mL and 19.22 ng/mL. Hard and fixed nodules were observed on digital rectal examination in 14 cases. Transrectal ultrasound revealed hypoechoic shadows in five cases. Despite present-day advances in imaging modalities and serological investigations, it is virtually impossible to identify granulomatous prostatitis clinically. Histopathology remains the gold standard in diagnosing the disease. However, assigning an etiologic cause to the wide spectrum of granulomas in granulomatous prostatitis requires a pathologist's expertise and proper clinical correlation for appropriate patient management.
28352621	0	25	Granulomatous prostatitis	T047	C0018204
28352621	27	35	clinical	T062	C0008972
28352621	40	63	histomorphologic survey	T062	C0018762
28352621	71	78	disease	T047	C0012634
28352621	84	106	tertiary care hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
28352621	107	132	Granulomatous prostatitis	T047	C0018204
28352621	163	172	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28352621	189	203	histopathology	T091	C0677043
28352621	233	244	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
28352621	246	254	specific	T080	C0205369
28352621	256	268	postsurgical	T033	C0241311
28352621	270	298	post-transurethral resection	T061	C1519630
28352621	304	316	secondary to	T080	C0175668
28352621	323	336	rare systemic	T169	C0205373
28352621	337	359	granulomatous diseases	T047	C0740451
28352621	404	414	literature	T170	C0023866
28352621	433	441	clinical	T080	C0205210
28352621	446	473	histomorphological spectrum	T059	C0022885
28352621	481	488	disease	T047	C0012634
28352621	492	514	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
28352621	518	543	histopathological records	T170	C0807321
28352621	553	572	prostatic specimens	T031	C0444149
28352621	589	609	pathology department	T093	C0587487
28352621	681	695	histologically	T059	C0019637
28352621	712	737	granulomatous prostatitis	T047	C0018204
28352621	767	780	clinical data	T170	C1516606
28352621	801	818	patients' records	T170	C0025102
28352621	820	855	Epstein and Hutchins classification	T185	C0008902
28352621	868	878	categorize	T052	C0871968
28352621	912	937	granulomatous prostatitis	T047	C0018204
28352621	973	982	incidence	T081	C0021149
28352621	1006	1017	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
28352621	1018	1043	granulomatous prostatitis	T047	C0018204
28352621	1085	1107	tubercular prostatitis	T047	C0275928
28352621	1117	1144	posttransurethral resection	T061	C1519630
28352621	1152	1160	prostate	T023	C0033572
28352621	1170	1178	allergic	T169	C0700624
28352621	1192	1223	xanthogranulomatous prostatitis	T047	C0018204
28352621	1256	1264	patients	T101	C0030705
28352621	1315	1323	patients	T101	C0030705
28352621	1347	1385	Serum prostate-specific antigen levels	T059	C0201544
28352621	1444	1451	nodules	T020	C0028259
28352621	1469	1495	digital rectal examination	T060	C1384593
28352621	1509	1531	Transrectal ultrasound	T060	C0373345
28352621	1541	1559	hypoechoic shadows	T033	C0243095
28352621	1607	1625	imaging modalities	T169	C1275506
28352621	1630	1656	serological investigations	T059	C0036743
28352621	1697	1722	granulomatous prostatitis	T047	C0018204
28352621	1723	1733	clinically	T080	C0205210
28352621	1735	1749	Histopathology	T091	C0677043
28352621	1762	1775	gold standard	T080	C0150110
28352621	1779	1789	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
28352621	1794	1801	disease	T047	C0012634
28352621	1825	1840	etiologic cause	T169	C0015127
28352621	1853	1861	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28352621	1865	1875	granulomas	T046	C0018188
28352621	1879	1904	granulomatous prostatitis	T047	C0018204
28352621	1916	1929	pathologist's	T097	C0334866
28352621	1951	1971	clinical correlation	T062,T170	C0010101
28352621	1988	2006	patient management	T058	C1610129

28352958|t|The epigenetic landscape of age - related diseases: the geroscience perspective
28352958|a|In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the epigenetics of age - related diseases, focusing on those studies that have described DNA methylation landscape in cardio-vascular diseases, musculoskeletal function and frailty. We stress the importance of adopting the conceptual framework of " geroscience ", which starts from the observation that advanced age is the major risk factor for several of these pathologies and aims at identifying the mechanistic links between aging and age - related diseases. DNA methylation undergoes a profound remodeling during aging, which includes global hypomethylation of the genome, hypermethylation at specific loci and an increase in inter-individual variation and in stochastic changes of DNA methylation values. These epigenetic modifications can be an important contributor to the development of age - related diseases, but our understanding on the complex relationship between the epigenetic signatures of aging and age - related disease is still poor. The most relevant results in this field come from the use of the so called " epigenetics clocks " in cohorts of subjects affected by age - related diseases. We report these studies in final section of this review.
28352958	4	24	epigenetic landscape	T045	C1516924
28352958	28	31	age	T032	C0001779
28352958	34	41	related	T169	C1552599
28352958	42	50	diseases	T047	C0012634
28352958	56	67	geroscience	T090	C1518533
28352958	68	79	perspective	T078	C1254370
28352958	88	94	review	T170	C0282443
28352958	141	152	epigenetics	T045	C1516924
28352958	156	159	age	T032	C0001779
28352958	162	169	related	T169	C1552599
28352958	170	178	diseases	T047	C0012634
28352958	198	205	studies	T062	C0008972
28352958	226	251	DNA methylation landscape	T044	C0376452
28352958	255	279	cardio-vascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28352958	281	305	musculoskeletal function	T042	C0026861
28352958	310	317	frailty	T033	C0424594
28352958	360	380	conceptual framework	T077	C1254372
28352958	386	397	geroscience	T090	C1518533
28352958	440	448	advanced	T098	C0001792
28352958	449	452	age	T032	C0001779
28352958	466	477	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28352958	499	510	pathologies	T169	C0205469
28352958	515	519	aims	T078	C1947946
28352958	539	556	mechanistic links	T080	C0439849
28352958	565	570	aging	T040	C0001811
28352958	575	578	age	T032	C0001779
28352958	581	588	related	T169	C1552599
28352958	589	597	diseases	T047	C0012634
28352958	599	614	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28352958	636	646	remodeling	UnknownType	C0678692
28352958	654	659	aging	T040	C0001811
28352958	676	698	global hypomethylation	T045	C2613367
28352958	706	712	genome	T028	C0017428
28352958	714	730	hypermethylation	T045	C1512554
28352958	734	742	specific	T080	C0205369
28352958	743	747	loci	T028	C0678933
28352958	755	763	increase	T169	C0442805
28352958	767	793	inter-individual variation	T070	C0042333
28352958	801	811	stochastic	T081	C0038347
28352958	812	819	changes	T169	C0392747
28352958	823	838	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28352958	839	845	values	T080	C0042295
28352958	853	863	epigenetic	T045	C1516924
28352958	864	877	modifications	T033	C3840684
28352958	917	928	development	T169	C1527148
28352958	932	935	age	T032	C0001779
28352958	938	945	related	T169	C1552599
28352958	946	954	diseases	T047	C0012634
28352958	985	992	complex	T080	C0439855
28352958	993	1005	relationship	T080	C0439849
28352958	1018	1039	epigenetic signatures	T045	C1516924
28352958	1043	1048	aging	T040	C0001811
28352958	1053	1056	age	T032	C0001779
28352958	1059	1066	related	T169	C1552599
28352958	1067	1074	disease	T047	C0012634
28352958	1099	1107	relevant	T080	C2347946
28352958	1108	1115	results	T033	C2825142
28352958	1167	1185	epigenetics clocks	T045	C1516924
28352958	1191	1198	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28352958	1202	1210	subjects	T098	C0080105
28352958	1211	1219	affected	T169	C0392760
28352958	1223	1226	age	T032	C0001779
28352958	1229	1236	related	T169	C1552599
28352958	1237	1245	diseases	T047	C0012634
28352958	1263	1270	studies	T062	C0008972
28352958	1296	1302	review	T170	C0282443

28353042|t|Beneficial Effects of Phyllanthus amarus Against High Fructose Diet Induced Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Oxidative Stress in Male Wistar Rats
28353042|a|Insulin resistance (IR) is a characteristic feature of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that the high-fructose consumption is a potential and important factor responsible for the rising incidence of IR. The present study investigates the beneficial effects of aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amaru s (PAAE) on IR and oxidative stress in high-fructose (HF) fed male Wistar rats. HF diet (66% of fructose) and PAAE (200 mg/kg body weight/day) were given concurrently to the rats for a period of 60 days. Fructose-fed rats showed weight gain, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, hyperleptinemia, and hypoadiponectinemia (P < 0.05) after 60 days. Co-administration of PAAE along with HF diet significantly ameliorated all these alterations. Regarding hepatic antioxidant status, higher lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, lower reduced glutathione levels and lower activities of enzymatic antioxidants, and the histopathological changes like mild to severe distortion of the normal architecture as well as the prominence and widening of the liver sinusoids observed in the HF diet -fed rats were significantly prevented by PAAE treatment. These findings indicate that PAAE is beneficial in improving insulin sensitivity and attenuating metabolic syndrome and hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats.
28353042	0	18	Beneficial Effects	T080	C1280500
28353042	22	40	Phyllanthus amarus	T002	C0950041
28353042	49	67	High Fructose Diet	T168	C0012155
28353042	76	94	Insulin Resistance	T046	C0021655
28353042	99	123	Hepatic Oxidative Stress	T049	C0242606
28353042	127	131	Male	T032	C0086582
28353042	132	143	Wistar Rats	T015	C0034716
28353042	144	162	Insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
28353042	164	166	IR	T046	C0021655
28353042	199	206	obesity	T047	C0028754
28353042	208	232	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28353042	238	261	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28353042	299	312	high-fructose	T109,T121	C0016745
28353042	313	324	consumption	T039	C1947907
28353042	330	339	potential	T080	C3245505
28353042	354	360	factor	T169	C1521761
28353042	381	397	rising incidence	T169	C0220888
28353042	401	403	IR	T046	C0021655
28353042	417	422	study	T062	C2603343
28353042	423	435	investigates	T169	C1292732
28353042	440	458	beneficial effects	T080	C1280500
28353042	462	477	aqueous extract	T167	C2828366
28353042	481	498	Phyllanthus amaru	T002	C0950041
28353042	502	506	PAAE	T167	C2828366
28353042	511	513	IR	T046	C0021655
28353042	518	534	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28353042	538	551	high-fructose	T109,T121	C0016745
28353042	553	555	HF	T109,T121	C0016745
28353042	561	565	male	T032	C0086582
28353042	566	577	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
28353042	579	586	HF diet	T168	C0012155
28353042	609	613	PAAE	T167	C2828366
28353042	653	665	concurrently	T079	C0205420
28353042	673	677	rats	T015	C0034716
28353042	703	715	Fructose-fed	T080	C0205556
28353042	716	720	rats	T015	C0034716
28353042	728	739	weight gain	T033	C0043094
28353042	741	754	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
28353042	756	772	hyperinsulinemia	T047	C0020459
28353042	774	800	impaired glucose tolerance	T047	C0271650
28353042	802	830	impaired insulin sensitivity	T046	C0920563
28353042	832	844	dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
28353042	846	861	hyperleptinemia	T047	C0012634
28353042	867	886	hypoadiponectinemia	T047	C2675519
28353042	913	930	Co-administration	T061	C1533734
28353042	934	938	PAAE	T167	C2828366
28353042	950	957	HF diet	T168	C0012155
28353042	994	1005	alterations	T078	C1515926
28353042	1017	1024	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28353042	1025	1043	antioxidant status	T044	C1148564
28353042	1052	1070	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
28353042	1075	1092	protein oxidation	T044	C1159301
28353042	1100	1119	reduced glutathione	T034	C0034917
28353042	1131	1147	lower activities	T038	C3890174
28353042	1151	1173	enzymatic antioxidants	T121	C0003402
28353042	1183	1208	histopathological changes	T169	C0243140
28353042	1229	1239	distortion	T080	C2919017
28353042	1313	1328	liver sinusoids	T023	C0227523
28353042	1345	1352	HF diet	T168	C0012155
28353042	1358	1362	rats	T015	C0034716
28353042	1395	1399	PAAE	T167	C2828366
28353042	1400	1409	treatment	T061	C0087111
28353042	1440	1444	PAAE	T167	C2828366
28353042	1472	1491	insulin sensitivity	T046	C0920563
28353042	1508	1526	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0025517
28353042	1531	1555	hepatic oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28353042	1559	1571	fructose-fed	T080	C0205556
28353042	1572	1576	rats	T015	C0034716

28353232|t|Sequential Immunoprecipitation of Secretory Vesicle Proteins from Biosynthetically Labelled Cells
28353232|a|Pulse radiolabelling of cells with radioactive amino acids is a common method for studying the biosynthesis of proteins. The labelled proteins can then be immunoprecipitated and analysed by electrophoresis and imaging techniques. This chapter presents a protocol for the biosynthetic labelling and immunoprecipitation of pancreatic islet proteins which are known to be affected in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia.
28353232	0	10	Sequential	T080	C1705294
28353232	11	30	Immunoprecipitation	T059	C0021069
28353232	34	51	Secretory Vesicle	T026	C0886515
28353232	52	60	Proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28353232	66	82	Biosynthetically	T033	C3810841
28353232	83	97	Labelled Cells	T025	C0007634
28353232	98	118	Pulse radiolabelling	T059	C2347885
28353232	122	127	cells	T025	C0007634
28353232	133	144	radioactive	T070	C0034553
28353232	145	156	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28353232	193	217	biosynthesis of proteins	T044	C0597295
28353232	223	231	labelled	T080	C1708632
28353232	232	240	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28353232	253	271	immunoprecipitated	T059	C0021069
28353232	276	284	analysed	T062	C0936012
28353232	288	303	electrophoresis	T059	C0013855
28353232	308	326	imaging techniques	T060	C0079595
28353232	352	360	protocol	T170	C0442711
28353232	369	381	biosynthetic	T033	C3810841
28353232	382	391	labelling	T062	C0022261
28353232	396	415	immunoprecipitation	T059	C0021069
28353232	419	435	pancreatic islet	T023	C0022131
28353232	436	444	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28353232	467	475	affected	T169	C0392760
28353232	479	500	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
28353232	509	522	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341

28355176|t|Visualization and targeting of LGR5(+) human colon cancer stem cells
28355176|a|The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory highlights a self-renewing subpopulation of cancer cells that fuels tumour growth. The existence of human CSCs is mainly supported by xenotransplantation of prospectively isolated cells, but their clonal dynamics and plasticity remain unclear. Here, we show that human LGR5(+) colorectal cancer cells serve as CSCs in growing cancer tissues. Lineage - tracing experiments with a tamoxifen -inducible Cre knock-in allele of LGR5 reveal the self-renewal and differentiation capacity of LGR5(+) tumour cells. Selective ablation of LGR5(+) CSCs in LGR5 -i Caspase9 knock-in organoids leads to tumour regression, followed by tumour regrowth driven by re-emerging LGR5(+) CSCs. KRT20 knock-in reporter marks differentiated cancer cells that constantly diminish in tumour tissues, while reverting to LGR5(+) CSCs and contributing to tumour regrowth after LGR5(+) CSC ablation. We also show that combined chemotherapy potentiates targeting of LGR5(+) CSCs. These data provide insights into the plasticity of CSCs and their potential as a therapeutic target in human colorectal cancer.
28355176	0	13	Visualization	T033	C0243095
28355176	18	27	targeting	T169	C1521840
28355176	31	38	LGR5(+)	T028	C1537570
28355176	39	44	human	T016	C0086418
28355176	45	50	colon	T023	C0009368
28355176	51	68	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
28355176	73	89	cancer stem cell	T025	C1956422
28355176	91	94	CSC	T025	C1956422
28355176	96	102	theory	T078	C0871935
28355176	116	129	self-renewing	T043	C4042950
28355176	130	143	subpopulation	T185	C0449560
28355176	147	159	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28355176	171	185	tumour growth.	T191	C0598934
28355176	190	199	existence	T081	C1547035
28355176	203	208	human	T016	C0086418
28355176	209	213	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28355176	237	256	xenotransplantation	T061	C0520484
28355176	274	288	isolated cells	T033	C3829491
28355176	300	306	clonal	T024	C1522642
28355176	307	315	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28355176	320	330	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28355176	366	371	human	T016	C0086418
28355176	372	379	LGR5(+)	T028	C1537570
28355176	380	403	colorectal cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28355176	413	417	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28355176	429	435	cancer	T191	C0006826
28355176	436	443	tissues	T024	C0040300
28355176	445	452	Lineage	T077	C1881379
28355176	455	474	tracing experiments	T059	C0022885
28355176	482	491	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28355176	503	506	Cre	T116,T126	C1744318
28355176	507	515	knock-in	T063	C2350597
28355176	516	522	allele	T028	C0002085
28355176	526	530	LGR5	T116,T192	C3640115
28355176	542	554	self-renewal	T043	C4042950
28355176	559	574	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28355176	575	583	capacity	T081	C1516240
28355176	587	594	LGR5(+)	T028	C1537570
28355176	595	607	tumour cells	T025	C0334227
28355176	619	627	ablation	T061	C0547070
28355176	631	638	LGR5(+)	T028	C1537570
28355176	639	643	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28355176	647	651	LGR5	T028	C1537570
28355176	655	663	Caspase9	T028	C1332668
28355176	664	672	knock-in	T063	C2350597
28355176	673	682	organoids	T024	C0029250
28355176	692	709	tumour regression	T201	C1718423
28355176	723	738	tumour regrowth	T191	C0598934
28355176	761	768	LGR5(+)	T028	C1537570
28355176	769	773	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28355176	775	780	KRT20	T028	C1426926
28355176	781	789	knock-in	T063	C2350597
28355176	790	798	reporter	T028	C0206414
28355176	805	819	differentiated	T043	C0007589
28355176	820	832	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28355176	861	875	tumour tissues	T024	C0475358
28355176	896	903	LGR5(+)	T028	C1537570
28355176	904	908	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28355176	929	944	tumour regrowth	T191	C0598934
28355176	951	958	LGR5(+)	T028	C1537570
28355176	959	962	CSC	T025	C1956422
28355176	963	971	ablation	T061	C0547070
28355176	1000	1012	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28355176	1025	1034	targeting	T169	C1521840
28355176	1038	1045	LGR5(+)	T028	C1537570
28355176	1046	1050	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28355176	1058	1062	data	T078	C1511726
28355176	1089	1099	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28355176	1103	1107	CSCs	T025	C1956422
28355176	1118	1127	potential	T080	C3245505
28355176	1133	1144	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28355176	1145	1151	target	T169	C1521840
28355176	1155	1160	human	T016	C0086418
28355176	1161	1178	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249

28355402|t|Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to catheter -associated inferior vena cava thrombosis
28355402|a|Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for thrombotic complications. The use of central venous catheters as dialysis vascular access additionally increases this risk. We describe the first case of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) secondary to central venous catheter misplacement in a patient with CKD. A 30-year-old female patient with HIV/AIDS and CKD on hemodialysis was admitted to the emergency room for complaints of fever, prostration, and headache in the last six days. She had a tunneled dialysis catheter placed at the left jugular vein. The diagnosis of BCS was established by abdominal computed tomography that showed a partial thrombus within the inferior vena cava which extended from the right atrium to medium hepatic vein, and continuing along the left hepatic vein. Patient was treated with anticoagulants and discharged asymptomatic. Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare medical condition caused by hepatic veins thrombosis. It can involve one, two, or all three of the major hepatic veins. It is usually related to myeloproliferative disorders, malignancy and hypercoagulable states. This case calls attention for inadvertent catheter tip placement into hepatic vein leading to this rare complication. Assessment of catheter dialysis tip location with radiological image seems to be a prudent measure after each procedure even if the tunneled dialysis catheter has been introduced with fluoroscopy image.
28355402	0	20	Budd-Chiari syndrome	T047	C0856761
28355402	34	42	catheter	T074	C0085590
28355402	55	84	inferior vena cava thrombosis	T047	C0549289
28355402	85	93	Patients	T101	C0030705
28355402	99	121	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
28355402	123	126	CKD	T047	C1561643
28355402	135	144	increased	T081	C0205217
28355402	145	149	risk	T078	C0035647
28355402	154	164	thrombotic	T046	C0040053
28355402	165	178	complications	T046	C0009566
28355402	191	215	central venous catheters	T074	C1145640
28355402	219	243	dialysis vascular access	T033	C0243095
28355402	257	266	increases	T169	C0442805
28355402	272	276	risk	T078	C0035647
28355402	308	328	Budd-Chiari syndrome	T047	C0856761
28355402	330	333	BCS	T047	C0856761
28355402	348	371	central venous catheter	T074	C1145640
28355402	390	397	patient	T101	C0030705
28355402	403	406	CKD	T047	C1561643
28355402	422	436	female patient	T032	C0150905
28355402	442	450	HIV/AIDS	T047	C0497169
28355402	455	458	CKD	T047	C1561643
28355402	462	474	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
28355402	479	509	admitted to the emergency room	T058	C0583237
28355402	528	533	fever	T184	C0015967
28355402	535	546	prostration	T184	C0277794
28355402	552	560	headache	T184	C0018681
28355402	593	619	tunneled dialysis catheter	T074	C0085590
28355402	634	651	left jugular vein	T023	C0501123
28355402	657	666	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28355402	670	673	BCS	T047	C0856761
28355402	693	722	abdominal computed tomography	T060	C0412623
28355402	737	744	partial	T081	C0728938
28355402	745	753	thrombus	T046	C0087086
28355402	765	783	inferior vena cava	T023	C0042458
28355402	808	820	right atrium	T023	C0225844
28355402	831	843	hepatic vein	T023	C0019155
28355402	870	887	left hepatic vein	T023	C0226708
28355402	889	896	Patient	T101	C0030705
28355402	901	913	treated with	T061	C0332293
28355402	914	928	anticoagulants	T121	C0003280
28355402	933	956	discharged asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28355402	958	978	Budd-Chiari syndrome	T047	C0856761
28355402	989	1006	medical condition	T033	C0243095
28355402	1017	1041	hepatic veins thrombosis	T047	C0019154
28355402	1094	1107	hepatic veins	T023	C0019155
28355402	1134	1162	myeloproliferative disorders	T191	C0027022
28355402	1164	1174	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28355402	1179	1201	hypercoagulable states	T047	C0398623
28355402	1245	1257	catheter tip	T074	C0444299
28355402	1258	1267	placement	T080	C1524072
28355402	1273	1285	hepatic vein	T023	C0019155
28355402	1307	1319	complication	T046	C0009566
28355402	1321	1331	Assessment	T058	C0220825
28355402	1335	1356	catheter dialysis tip	T074	C0444299
28355402	1357	1365	location	T029	C1515974
28355402	1371	1389	radiological image	T170	C1704254
28355402	1431	1440	procedure	T059	C0022885
28355402	1453	1479	tunneled dialysis catheter	T074	C0085590
28355402	1505	1522	fluoroscopy image	T170	C1704254

28355605|t|The Use of a Software - Assisted Method to Estimate Fetal Weight at and Near Term Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
28355605|a|The aim of this study was to apply a semi-automated calculation method of fetal body volume and, thus, of magnetic resonance-estimated fetal weight (MR-EFW) prior to planned delivery and to evaluate whether the technique of measurement could be simplified while remaining accurate. MR-EFW was calculated using a semi-automated method at 38.6 weeks of gestation in 36 patients and compared to the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). Per patient, 8 sequences were acquired with a slice thickness of 4-8 mm and an intersection gap of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, or 20 mm. The median absolute relative errors for MR-EFW and the time of planimetric measurements were calculated for all 8 sequences and for each method (assisted vs. PACS), and the difference between the methods was calculated. The median delivery weight was 3,280 g. The overall median relative error for all 288 MR-EFW calculations was 2.4% using the semi-automated method and 2.2% for the PACS method. Measurements did not differ between the 8 sequences using the assisted method (p = 0.313) or the PACS (p = 0.118), while the time of planimetric measurement decreased significantly with a larger gap (p < 0.001) and in the assisted method compared to the PACS method (p < 0.01). Our simplified MR-EFW measurement showed a dramatic decrease in time of planimetric measurement without a decrease in the accuracy of weight estimates.
28355605	13	21	Software	T073,T170	C0037585
28355605	24	32	Assisted	T080	C1269765
28355605	33	39	Method	T170	C0025663
28355605	43	51	Estimate	T081	C0750572
28355605	52	64	Fetal Weight	T032	C0751992
28355605	77	81	Term	T040	C0232991
28355605	88	114	Magnetic Resonance Imaging	T060	C0024485
28355605	131	136	study	T062	C2603343
28355605	152	166	semi-automated	T169	C0205554
28355605	167	178	calculation	T052	C1441506
28355605	179	185	method	T170	C0025663
28355605	189	194	fetal	T018	C0015965
28355605	195	206	body volume	T032	C0178521
28355605	221	262	magnetic resonance-estimated fetal weight	T032	C0751992
28355605	264	270	MR-EFW	T032	C0751992
28355605	281	288	planned	T169	C1301732
28355605	289	297	delivery	T040	C0005615
28355605	305	313	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28355605	326	335	technique	T169	C0449851
28355605	339	350	measurement	T169	C0242485
28355605	360	370	simplified	T080	C0205352
28355605	377	386	remaining	T080	C1527428
28355605	387	395	accurate	T080	C0443131
28355605	397	403	MR-EFW	T032	C0751992
28355605	408	418	calculated	T169	C0444686
28355605	427	441	semi-automated	T169	C0205554
28355605	442	448	method	T170	C0025663
28355605	457	462	weeks	T079	C0439230
28355605	466	475	gestation	T040	C0032961
28355605	482	490	patients	T101	C0030705
28355605	511	553	picture archiving and communication system	T074	C0182281
28355605	555	559	PACS	T074	C0182281
28355605	566	573	patient	T101	C0030705
28355605	577	586	sequences	T169	C1519249
28355605	592	600	acquired	T080	C0439661
28355605	608	623	slice thickness	T081	C3829566
28355605	641	657	intersection gap	T082	C3887622
28355605	692	698	median	T082	C2939193
28355605	699	707	absolute	T080	C0205344
28355605	708	723	relative errors	T080	C0743559
28355605	728	734	MR-EFW	T032	C0751992
28355605	743	747	time	T079	C0040223
28355605	751	775	planimetric measurements	T169	C0242485
28355605	781	791	calculated	T169	C0444686
28355605	802	811	sequences	T169	C1519249
28355605	825	831	method	T170	C0025663
28355605	833	841	assisted	T170	C3204107
28355605	846	850	PACS	T074	C0182281
28355605	884	891	methods	T170	C0025663
28355605	896	906	calculated	T169	C0444686
28355605	912	918	median	T082	C2939193
28355605	960	966	median	T082	C2939193
28355605	967	981	relative error	T080	C0743559
28355605	994	1000	MR-EFW	T032	C0751992
28355605	1001	1013	calculations	T052	C1441506
28355605	1033	1047	semi-automated	T169	C0205554
28355605	1048	1054	method	T170	C0025663
28355605	1072	1076	PACS	T074	C0182281
28355605	1077	1083	method	T170	C0025663
28355605	1085	1097	Measurements	T169	C0242485
28355605	1127	1136	sequences	T169	C1519249
28355605	1147	1155	assisted	T170	C3204107
28355605	1156	1162	method	T170	C0025663
28355605	1182	1186	PACS	T074	C0182281
28355605	1210	1214	time	T079	C0040223
28355605	1218	1241	planimetric measurement	T169	C0242485
28355605	1242	1251	decreased	T081	C0205216
28355605	1280	1283	gap	T082	C3887622
28355605	1307	1315	assisted	T170	C3204107
28355605	1316	1322	method	T170	C0025663
28355605	1339	1343	PACS	T074	C0182281
28355605	1344	1350	method	T170	C0025663
28355605	1367	1377	simplified	T080	C0205352
28355605	1378	1384	MR-EFW	T032	C0751992
28355605	1385	1396	measurement	T169	C0242485
28355605	1406	1423	dramatic decrease	T081	C0547047
28355605	1427	1431	time	T079	C0040223
28355605	1435	1458	planimetric measurement	T169	C0242485
28355605	1469	1477	decrease	T081	C0547047
28355605	1485	1493	accuracy	T080	C0598285
28355605	1497	1503	weight	T032	C0751992
28355605	1504	1513	estimates	T081	C0681916

28355968|t|Abiraterone - induced rhabdomyolysis resulting in acute kidney injury: A case report and review of the literature
28355968|a|Abiraterone, a CYP17 inhibitor, blocks androgen biosynthesis in multiple tissue types. In combination with prednisone, it is approved as a first-line treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We present a case of rhabdomyolysis associated with abiraterone therapy resulting in acute on chronic kidney injury in a patient with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Strict monitoring should be employed in patients started on abiraterone who have additional risk factors for developing rhabdomyolysis.
28355968	0	11	Abiraterone	T109,T121	C0754011
28355968	14	21	induced	T169	C0458082
28355968	22	36	rhabdomyolysis	T046	C0035410
28355968	50	69	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28355968	73	84	case report	T170	C0007320
28355968	89	113	review of the literature	T170	C0282441
28355968	114	125	Abiraterone	T109,T121	C0754011
28355968	129	144	CYP17 inhibitor	T121	C3160096
28355968	153	174	androgen biosynthesis	T044	C1157302
28355968	187	193	tissue	T024	C0040300
28355968	221	231	prednisone	T109,T121,T125	C0032952
28355968	253	273	first-line treatment	T061	C1708063
28355968	278	288	metastatic	T191	C2939420
28355968	289	325	castration-resistant prostate cancer	T191	C1328504
28355968	340	344	case	T077	C1706256
28355968	348	362	rhabdomyolysis	T046	C0035410
28355968	379	390	abiraterone	T109,T121	C0754011
28355968	391	398	therapy	T061	C0087111
28355968	412	417	acute	T037	C2609414
28355968	421	428	chronic	T079	C0205191
28355968	429	442	kidney injury	T037	C0160420
28355968	448	455	patient	T101	C0030705
28355968	461	471	metastatic	T191	C2939420
28355968	472	508	castration-resistant prostate cancer	T191	C1328504
28355968	517	527	monitoring	T062	C1516647
28355968	550	558	patients	T101	C0030705
28355968	570	581	abiraterone	T109,T121	C0754011
28355968	602	614	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28355968	630	644	rhabdomyolysis	T046	C0035410

28355982|t|Low copy numbers of FCGR3A and FCGR3B associated with Chinese patients with SLE and AASV
28355982|a|Low-affinity Fcγ receptors (FcγR) act as key mediators of the pathogenic effects of autoantibodies. In this study, we aimed to determine whether copy number variations (CNVs) in FCGR3A and FCGR3B were associated with systemic lupus nephritis (SLE) and ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis (AASV) in Chinese individuals. A total of 1118 individuals were enrolled, including 415 SLE patients, 139 AASV patients, and 564 healthy controls. FCGR3A and FCGR3B copy numbers (CNs) were determined by both a paralogue ratio test and TaqMan quantitative PCR assay. In the susceptibility associations, a low FCGR3B CN was significantly associated with SLE (p = 5.01 × 10(-3); odds ratio (OR) 1.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.48) and AASV (p = 0.04; OR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.02-2.88). A low FCGR3A CN was also significantly associated with SLE (p = 6.02 × 10(-3); OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.30-5.71) and AASV (p = 0.042; OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.00-6.93). Further subphenotype analysis revealed that low CNs of FCGR3A and FCGR3B were significantly associated with clinical manifestations in SLE and AASV patients. Therefore, in this case-control study, we identified low CNs of FCGR2A and FCGR3B to be common risk factors for SLE and AASV.
28355982	0	3	Low	T081	C1611820
28355982	4	16	copy numbers	T081	C0178655
28355982	20	26	FCGR3A	T028	C1414555
28355982	31	37	FCGR3B	T028	C1414556
28355982	38	53	associated with	T080	C0332281
28355982	54	61	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28355982	62	70	patients	T101	C0030705
28355982	76	79	SLE	T047	C0024143
28355982	84	88	AASV	T047	C2717865
28355982	89	115	Low-affinity Fcγ receptors	T116,T129,T192	C0162826
28355982	117	121	FcγR	T116,T129,T192	C0162826
28355982	151	161	pathogenic	T169	C0543483
28355982	162	169	effects	T080	C1280500
28355982	173	187	autoantibodies	T116,T129	C0004358
28355982	197	202	study	T062	C0008972
28355982	234	256	copy number variations	T045	C2717925
28355982	258	262	CNVs	T045	C2717925
28355982	267	273	FCGR3A	T028	C1414555
28355982	278	284	FCGR3B	T028	C1414556
28355982	290	305	associated with	T080	C0332281
28355982	306	330	systemic lupus nephritis	T047	C0024143
28355982	332	335	SLE	T047	C0024143
28355982	341	376	ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis	T047	C2717865
28355982	378	382	AASV	T047	C2717865
28355982	387	406	Chinese individuals	T098	C0152035
28355982	424	435	individuals	T098	C0027361
28355982	441	449	enrolled	T058	C1516879
28355982	465	468	SLE	T047	C0024143
28355982	469	477	patients	T101	C0030705
28355982	483	487	AASV	T047	C2717865
28355982	488	496	patients	T101	C0030705
28355982	506	522	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28355982	524	530	FCGR3A	T028	C1414555
28355982	535	541	FCGR3B	T028	C1414556
28355982	542	554	copy numbers	T081	C0178655
28355982	556	559	CNs	T081	C0178655
28355982	566	576	determined	T080	C0521095
28355982	587	607	paralogue ratio test	T059	C0022885
28355982	612	641	TaqMan quantitative PCR assay	T059	C0200931
28355982	650	664	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28355982	665	677	associations	T080	C0439849
28355982	681	684	low	T081	C1611820
28355982	685	691	FCGR3B	T028	C1414556
28355982	692	694	CN	T081	C0178655
28355982	713	728	associated with	T080	C0332281
28355982	729	732	SLE	T047	C0024143
28355982	753	763	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28355982	765	767	OR	T081	C0028873
28355982	779	798	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28355982	800	802	CI	T081	C0009667
28355982	819	823	AASV	T047	C2717865
28355982	835	837	OR	T081	C0028873
28355982	850	852	CI	T081	C0009667
28355982	867	870	low	T081	C1611820
28355982	871	877	FCGR3A	T028	C1414555
28355982	878	880	CN	T081	C0178655
28355982	904	919	associated with	T080	C0332281
28355982	920	923	SLE	T047	C0024143
28355982	944	946	OR	T081	C0028873
28355982	957	959	CI	T081	C0009667
28355982	975	979	AASV	T047	C2717865
28355982	992	994	OR	T081	C0028873
28355982	1005	1007	CI	T081	C0009667
28355982	1028	1040	subphenotype	T032	C0031437
28355982	1041	1049	analysis	T062	C0936012
28355982	1050	1058	revealed	T080	C0443289
28355982	1064	1067	low	T081	C1611820
28355982	1068	1071	CNs	T081	C0178655
28355982	1075	1081	FCGR3A	T028	C1414555
28355982	1086	1092	FCGR3B	T028	C1414556
28355982	1112	1127	associated with	T080	C0332281
28355982	1155	1158	SLE	T047	C0024143
28355982	1163	1167	AASV	T047	C2717865
28355982	1168	1176	patients	T101	C0030705
28355982	1197	1215	case-control study	T062	C0007328
28355982	1220	1230	identified	T080	C0205396
28355982	1231	1234	low	T081	C1611820
28355982	1235	1238	CNs	T081	C0178655
28355982	1242	1248	FCGR2A	T028	C1414553
28355982	1253	1259	FCGR3B	T028	C1414556
28355982	1273	1285	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28355982	1290	1293	SLE	T047	C0024143
28355982	1298	1302	AASV	T047	C2717865

28356035|t|Environmental factors and hypertension
28356035|a|Environmental factors are a major cause of poor health worldwide. The most solid evidence is for air pollution, leading to increased disability-adjusted life years. Outdoor temperature and other seasonal climate changes may also influence cardiovascular health, according to their direct modulation of air pollution. Moreover, an increasing body of evidence associates environmental exposure to noise with poor cardiovascular outcome, and in particular with hypertension. This review is aimed at reviewing current evidence about the role of these environmental factors in cardiovascular disease and specifically hypertension. In particular, the impact of air pollution, with its short-term and long-term effects, the outdoor temperature and noise pollution will be investigated. People belonging to low social classes, as well as children, women, older people and those with established cardiovascular diseases, seem to have a greater susceptibility to the effects of environmental stressors, recalling the concept of " environmental justice ". The accumulating strong scientific evidence may thus support public health policies aimed at reducing social inequalities in cardiovascular health.
28356035	0	21	Environmental factors	T169	C1516998
28356035	26	38	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28356035	39	60	Environmental factors	T169	C1516998
28356035	82	93	poor health	T033	C0683321
28356035	94	103	worldwide	T098	C2700280
28356035	120	128	evidence	T078	C3887511
28356035	136	149	air pollution	T069	C0001873
28356035	172	202	disability-adjusted life years	UnknownType	C4300518
28356035	204	211	Outdoor	UnknownType	C0680182
28356035	212	223	temperature	T081	C0039476
28356035	234	242	seasonal	T079	C0036497
28356035	243	258	climate changes	T070	C2718051
28356035	278	292	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28356035	293	299	health	T078	C0018684
28356035	341	354	air pollution	T069	C0001873
28356035	388	396	evidence	T078	C3887511
28356035	408	430	environmental exposure	T037	C0014412
28356035	434	439	noise	T067	C0028263
28356035	445	472	poor cardiovascular outcome	T033	C0243095
28356035	497	509	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28356035	553	561	evidence	T078	C3887511
28356035	586	607	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
28356035	611	633	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28356035	651	663	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28356035	684	690	impact	T080	C4049986
28356035	694	707	air pollution	T069	C0001873
28356035	718	728	short-term	T079	C0443303
28356035	733	750	long-term effects	T067	C0023983
28356035	756	763	outdoor	UnknownType	C0680182
28356035	764	775	temperature	T081	C0039476
28356035	780	795	noise pollution	T069	C0686918
28356035	818	824	People	T098	C0027361
28356035	838	841	low	T080	C0205251
28356035	842	856	social classes	T080	C0037402
28356035	869	877	children	T100	C0008059
28356035	879	884	women	T098	C0043210
28356035	886	898	older people	T098	C3826770
28356035	926	949	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28356035	974	988	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28356035	996	1003	effects	T080	C1280500
28356035	1007	1030	environmental stressors	T033	C0596519
28356035	1046	1053	concept	T078	C0178566
28356035	1059	1080	environmental justice	T078	C1254370
28356035	1119	1127	evidence	T078	C3887511
28356035	1145	1167	public health policies	T064,T170	C0680811
28356035	1186	1205	social inequalities	T080	C0680381
28356035	1209	1223	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28356035	1224	1230	health	T078	C0018684

28356129|t|The effects of probiotic and synbiotic supplementation on metabolic syndrome indices in adults at risk of type 2 diabetes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
28356129|a|The incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity has been rising dramatically; however, their pathogenesis is particularly intriguing. Recently, dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a new candidate that may be linked to metabolic diseases. We hypothesize that selective modulation of the intestinal microbiota by probiotic or synbiotic supplementation may improve metabolic dysfunction and prevent diabetes in prediabetics. In this study, a synthesis and study of synbiotics will be carried out for the first time in Iran. In a randomized triple-blind controlled clinical trial, 120 adults with impaired glucose tolerance based on the inclusion criteria will be selected by a simple random sampling method and will be randomly allocated to 6 months of 6 g/d probiotic, synbiotic or placebo. The fecal abundance of bacteria, blood pressure, height, weight, and waist and hip circumferences will be measured at baseline and following treatment. Also, plasma lipid profiles, HbA1C, fasting plasma glucose, and insulin levels, will be measured and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta-cell function (HOMA-B) will be calculated at baseline and will be repeated at months 3, 6, 12, and 18. The data will be compared within and between groups using statistical methods. The results of this trial could contribute to the evidence-based clinical guidelines that address gut microbiota manipulation to maximize health benefits in prevention and management of metabolic syndrome in prediabetes. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT201511032321N2. Registered on 27 February 2016.
28356129	4	14	effects of	T080	C1704420
28356129	15	24	probiotic	T007	C0525033
28356129	29	38	synbiotic	T168	C2936470
28356129	39	54	supplementation	T061	C0242296
28356129	58	76	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
28356129	77	84	indices	T078	C0010439
28356129	88	94	adults	T100	C0001675
28356129	98	102	risk	T078	C0035647
28356129	106	121	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28356129	123	137	study protocol	T170	C1507394
28356129	144	171	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28356129	176	185	incidence	T081	C0021149
28356129	189	204	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28356129	206	229	cardiovascular diseases	T047	C0007222
28356129	235	242	obesity	T047	C0028754
28356129	252	258	rising	T169	C0442805
28356129	288	300	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28356129	317	327	intriguing	T041	C0543488
28356129	339	348	dysbiosis	T046	C3658208
28356129	356	377	intestinal microbiota	T001	C2985398
28356129	395	398	new	T080	C0205314
28356129	399	408	candidate	T078	C0392360
28356129	431	449	metabolic diseases	T047	C0025517
28356129	499	520	intestinal microbiota	T001	C2985398
28356129	524	533	probiotic	T007	C0525033
28356129	537	546	synbiotic	T168	C2936470
28356129	547	562	supplementation	T061	C0242296
28356129	563	574	may improve	T080	C1272747
28356129	575	596	metabolic dysfunction	T047	C0025517
28356129	601	608	prevent	T080	C0392756
28356129	609	617	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28356129	621	633	prediabetics	T047	C0362046
28356129	643	648	study	T062	C2603343
28356129	652	661	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28356129	666	671	study	T062	C2603343
28356129	675	685	synbiotics	T168	C2936470
28356129	694	701	carried	T052	C0206243
28356129	728	732	Iran	T083	C0022065
28356129	739	788	randomized triple-blind controlled clinical trial	T062	C0206035
28356129	794	800	adults	T100	C0001675
28356129	806	832	impaired glucose tolerance	T047	C0271650
28356129	846	864	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28356129	873	881	selected	T052	C1707391
28356129	894	900	random	T080	C0439605
28356129	901	916	sampling method	T170	C0449370
28356129	929	937	randomly	T080	C0439605
28356129	938	947	allocated	T052	C1706778
28356129	953	959	months	T079	C0439231
28356129	969	978	probiotic	T007	C0525033
28356129	980	989	synbiotic	T168	C2936470
28356129	993	1000	placebo	T122	C1696465
28356129	1006	1011	fecal	T031	C0015733
28356129	1012	1021	abundance	T080	C2346714
28356129	1025	1033	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28356129	1035	1049	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28356129	1051	1057	height	T032	C0489786
28356129	1059	1065	weight	T032	C0005910
28356129	1071	1076	waist	T201	C0455829
28356129	1081	1099	hip circumferences	T201	C0562350
28356129	1108	1116	measured	T080	C0444706
28356129	1120	1128	baseline	T081	C1442488
28356129	1133	1142	following	T079	C0332282
28356129	1143	1152	treatment	T061	C0087111
28356129	1160	1181	plasma lipid profiles	T059	C0850354
28356129	1183	1188	HbA1C	T116,T123	C0019018
28356129	1190	1212	fasting plasma glucose	T059	C0583513
28356129	1218	1225	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28356129	1226	1232	levels	T080	C0441889
28356129	1242	1250	measured	T080	C0444706
28356129	1255	1273	insulin resistance	T059	C4049994
28356129	1275	1282	HOMA-IR	T059	C4049994
28356129	1288	1306	beta-cell function	T059	C4055385
28356129	1308	1314	HOMA-B	T059	C4055385
28356129	1324	1334	calculated	T052	C1441506
28356129	1338	1346	baseline	T081	C1442488
28356129	1359	1367	repeated	T169	C0205341
28356129	1371	1377	months	T079	C0439231
28356129	1400	1404	data	T078	C1511726
28356129	1413	1421	compared	T052	C1707455
28356129	1441	1447	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28356129	1448	1453	using	T169	C1524063
28356129	1454	1473	statistical methods	T062	C1710191
28356129	1479	1486	results	T169	C1274040
28356129	1495	1500	trial	T062	C0206035
28356129	1507	1517	contribute	T052	C1880177
28356129	1525	1559	evidence-based clinical guidelines	T170	C0282451
28356129	1573	1587	gut microbiota	T001	C2985398
28356129	1588	1600	manipulation	T061	C0087111
28356129	1604	1612	maximize	T169	C0442805
28356129	1613	1628	health benefits	T081	C0086387
28356129	1632	1642	prevention	T061	C0199176
28356129	1647	1657	management	T058	C0376636
28356129	1661	1679	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
28356129	1683	1694	prediabetes	T047	C0362046
28356129	1696	1712	Iranian Registry	T170	C0034975
28356129	1716	1731	Clinical Trials	T062	C0008976
28356129	1733	1751	IRCT201511032321N2	T170	C0282574

28356295|t|The role of leptin in energy expenditure: The hypothalamic perspective
28356295|a|The adipocyte derived hormone leptin is a peripheral signal that informs the brain about the metabolic status of an organism. Although traditionally viewed as an appetite suppressing hormone, studies in the past decade have highlighted the role of leptin in energy expenditure. Leptin has been shown to increase energy expenditure in particular through its effects on the cardiovascular system and brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis via the hypothalamus. The current review summarizes the role of leptin signaling in various hypothalamic nuclei and its effects on the sympathetic nervous system to influence blood pressure, heart rate and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Specifically, the role of leptin signaling on three different hypothalamic nuclei, the dorsomedial hypothalamus, the ventromedial hypothalamus, and the arcuate nucleus, is reviewed. It is known that all these brain regions influence the sympathetic nervous system activity and thereby regulate BAT thermogenesis and the cardiovascular system. Thus, the current work focuses on how leptin signaling in specific neuronal populations within these hypothalamic nuclei influences certain aspects of energy expenditure.
28356295	12	18	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28356295	22	40	energy expenditure	T039	C0014272
28356295	46	58	hypothalamic	T023	C0020663
28356295	75	84	adipocyte	T025	C0206131
28356295	93	100	hormone	T125	C0019932
28356295	101	107	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28356295	113	123	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28356295	124	130	signal	T067	C1710082
28356295	148	153	brain	T023	C0006104
28356295	164	180	metabolic status	T040	C0025519
28356295	187	195	organism	T001	C0029235
28356295	233	241	appetite	T040	C0003618
28356295	242	253	suppressing	T169	C1260953
28356295	254	261	hormone	T125	C0019932
28356295	263	270	studies	T062	C2603343
28356295	283	289	decade	T081	C2981279
28356295	319	325	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28356295	329	347	energy expenditure	T039	C0014272
28356295	349	355	Leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28356295	383	401	energy expenditure	T039	C0014272
28356295	428	435	effects	T080	C1280500
28356295	443	464	cardiovascular system	T022	C0007226
28356295	469	489	brown adipose tissue	T024	C0006298
28356295	491	494	BAT	T024	C0006298
28356295	496	509	thermogenesis	T040	C0018841
28356295	518	530	hypothalamus	T023	C0020663
28356295	574	580	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28356295	581	590	signaling	T038	C3537152
28356295	602	621	hypothalamic nuclei	T023	C0020663
28356295	630	637	effects	T080	C1280500
28356295	645	671	sympathetic nervous system	T022	C0039044
28356295	685	699	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28356295	701	711	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28356295	716	736	brown adipose tissue	T024	C0006298
28356295	737	750	thermogenesis	T040	C0018841
28356295	778	784	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28356295	785	794	signaling	T038	C3537152
28356295	814	833	hypothalamic nuclei	T023	C0020663
28356295	839	863	dorsomedial hypothalamus	T023	C0013055
28356295	869	894	ventromedial hypothalamus	T023	C0042518
28356295	904	919	arcuate nucleus	T023	C0003741
28356295	961	974	brain regions	T029	C1273723
28356295	989	1015	sympathetic nervous system	T022	C0039044
28356295	1016	1024	activity	T038	C3714634
28356295	1046	1049	BAT	T024	C0006298
28356295	1050	1063	thermogenesis	T040	C0018841
28356295	1072	1093	cardiovascular system	T022	C0007226
28356295	1133	1139	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28356295	1140	1149	signaling	T038	C3537152
28356295	1162	1182	neuronal populations	T025	C0027882
28356295	1196	1215	hypothalamic nuclei	T023	C0020663
28356295	1246	1264	energy expenditure	T039	C0014272

28356547|t|Mechanisms of iPS cell generation and beyond
28356547|a|The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) achieved by overexpression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc, transformed our classical views of the cellular epigenetic landscape and delivered a new concept for cell and tissue engineering. In addition to iPSCs, several other cell types have also been generated by master transcription factor (TF)-mediated transdifferentiation. However, the critical molecular mechanisms amongst diverse cellular identity changes are not well understood. Through the investigation of reprogramming mechanisms, we recently revealed that over-expression of constitutive active Smad3 boosted not only iPSC generation, but also 3 other master TF -mediated conversions, from B cells to macrophages, myoblasts to adipocytes, and human fibroblasts to neurons. This demonstrated that there were common mechanisms underlying different master TF -mediated cell conversions. To illuminate such mechanisms further, we have recently performed CRISPR/Cas9 -mediated genome-wide knockout screening during reprogramming with a lentiviral gRNA library containing 90,000 gRNAs. This screening provided us with ~15 novel reprogramming roadblock genes as well as ~20 candidate genes essential for the reprogramming process but not for ES cell self-renewa l. This data set will be a valuable resource to further understand how overexpression of master TFs alters cellular identity, and to achieve more faithful, efficient cell conversions for regenerative medicine .(Presented at the 1934th Meeting, March 17, 2017).
28356547	14	22	iPS cell	T025	C2717959
28356547	23	33	generation	T052	C3146294
28356547	63	93	induced pluripotent stem cells	T025	C2717959
28356547	95	100	iPSCs	T025	C2717959
28356547	114	128	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28356547	132	136	Oct4	T116,T123	C0083838
28356547	138	142	Sox2	T116,T123	C0300483
28356547	144	148	Klf4	T116,T123	C0529085
28356547	153	158	c-Myc	T116,T123	C1454487
28356547	199	207	cellular	T025	C0007634
28356547	208	218	epigenetic	T091	C1655731
28356547	261	265	cell	T063	C0872130
28356547	270	288	tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
28356547	305	310	iPSCs	T025	C2717959
28356547	326	336	cell types	T170	C0449475
28356547	365	392	master transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28356547	394	396	TF	T116,T123	C0040648
28356547	407	427	transdifferentiation	T043	C1955895
28356547	442	471	critical molecular mechanisms	T044	C3537153
28356547	488	505	cellular identity	T039	C1326581
28356547	568	581	reprogramming	T043	C3850096
28356547	620	635	over-expression	T045	C1514559
28356547	659	664	Smad3	T116,T123	C0529120
28356547	682	686	iPSC	T025	C2717959
28356547	687	697	generation	T052	C3146294
28356547	716	725	master TF	T116,T123	C0040648
28356547	736	747	conversions	T043	C1955895
28356547	754	761	B cells	T025	C0004561
28356547	765	776	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28356547	778	787	myoblasts	T025	C0596995
28356547	791	801	adipocytes	T025	C0206131
28356547	807	824	human fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
28356547	828	835	neurons	T025	C0027882
28356547	910	919	master TF	T116,T123	C0040648
28356547	930	946	cell conversions	T043	C1955895
28356547	1014	1025	CRISPR/Cas9	T044	C3658355
28356547	1036	1066	genome-wide knockout screening	T063	C4279981
28356547	1074	1087	reprogramming	T043	C3850096
28356547	1095	1118	lentiviral gRNA library	T028	C0599776
28356547	1137	1142	gRNAs	T114,T123	C0082774
28356547	1186	1199	reprogramming	T043	C3850096
28356547	1200	1215	roadblock genes	T028	C0017337
28356547	1241	1246	genes	T028	C0017337
28356547	1265	1286	reprogramming process	T043	C3850096
28356547	1299	1306	ES cell	T025	C0596508
28356547	1307	1318	self-renewa	T043	C1155711
28356547	1390	1404	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28356547	1408	1418	master TFs	T116,T123	C0040648
28356547	1426	1443	cellular identity	T039	C1326581
28356547	1485	1501	cell conversions	T043	C1955895
28356547	1506	1527	regenerative medicine	T091	C1257974

28356622|t|Evaluation of the relationship between the static measurement of transverse arch flexibility of the forefoot and gait parameters in healthy subjects
28356622|a|[Purpose] To investigate the relationship between the static measurement of the transverse arch of the forefoot, using a 3-dimensional (3D) foot scanner, and kinetics and kinematics of gait parameters in the sagittal plane. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study. The transverse arch of the forefoot was measured under three conditions as follows: condition 1, sitting; condition 2, standing; and condition 3, foot forward and lower leg tilting anteriorly to the maximum position with heel contact. Gait parameters were recorded using a 3D motion analysis system and force plate. Correlation coefficients between TAF for each comparison of conditions and gait parameters were calculated using the Spearman correlation analysis. [Results] Rates of the transverse arch of the forefoot width and height between condition 2 and condition 3 were significantly correlated with the anterior and posterior component of ground reaction forces, the hip joint extension angle, and the ankle plantar flexion moment. [Conclusion] Our study's findings indicated that increased stiffness of the transverse arch of the forefoot was related to the increase in ankle plantar moment, and decreased stiffness of the transverse arch of the forefoot was related to the increase in hip joint extension angle during gait.
28356622	0	10	Evaluation	T052	C1516048
28356622	18	30	relationship	T080	C0439849
28356622	43	49	static	T080	C0441463
28356622	50	61	measurement	T169	C0242485
28356622	65	80	transverse arch	T029	C0230467
28356622	81	92	flexibility	T080	C0242808
28356622	100	108	forefoot	T023	C1510667
28356622	113	117	gait	T033	C0016928
28356622	118	128	parameters	T077	C0549193
28356622	132	148	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
28356622	150	157	Purpose	UnknownType	C0681832
28356622	162	173	investigate	T169	C1292732
28356622	178	190	relationship	T080	C0439849
28356622	203	209	static	T080	C0441463
28356622	210	221	measurement	T169	C0242485
28356622	229	244	transverse arch	T029	C0230467
28356622	252	260	forefoot	T023	C1510667
28356622	270	283	3-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28356622	285	287	3D	T082	C0450363
28356622	289	301	foot scanner	T074	C4052629
28356622	307	315	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28356622	320	330	kinematics	T091	C0600169
28356622	334	338	gait	T033	C0016928
28356622	339	349	parameters	T077	C0549193
28356622	357	371	sagittal plane	T029	C0935598
28356622	374	382	Subjects	T098	C0080105
28356622	387	394	Methods	T170	C0025663
28356622	403	419	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
28356622	441	446	study	T062	C0681814
28356622	452	467	transverse arch	T029	C0230467
28356622	475	483	forefoot	T023	C1510667
28356622	488	496	measured	T080	C0444706
28356622	509	519	conditions	T080	C0348080
28356622	532	541	condition	T080	C0348080
28356622	545	552	sitting	T033	C0277814
28356622	554	563	condition	T080	C0348080
28356622	567	575	standing	T082	C0231472
28356622	581	590	condition	T080	C0348080
28356622	594	598	foot	T023	C0016504
28356622	599	606	forward	T082	C0439780
28356622	611	620	lower leg	T023	C1140621
28356622	621	628	tilting	T080	C1711426
28356622	629	639	anteriorly	T082	C0205094
28356622	647	654	maximum	T081	C0806909
28356622	655	663	position	T082	C0733755
28356622	669	673	heel	T029	C0018870
28356622	674	681	contact	T169	C0332158
28356622	683	687	Gait	T033	C0016928
28356622	688	698	parameters	T077	C0549193
28356622	704	712	recorded	T081	C3853788
28356622	721	746	3D motion analysis system	T073	C1704459
28356622	751	762	force plate	T074	C0492768
28356622	764	775	Correlation	T080	C1707520
28356622	776	788	coefficients	T081	C1707429
28356622	797	800	TAF	T080	C0242808
28356622	810	820	comparison	T052	C1707455
28356622	824	834	conditions	T080	C0348080
28356622	839	843	gait	T033	C0016928
28356622	844	854	parameters	T077	C0549193
28356622	860	870	calculated	T052	C1441506
28356622	881	910	Spearman correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
28356622	913	920	Results	T169	C1274040
28356622	922	927	Rates	T081	C1521828
28356622	935	950	transverse arch	T029	C0230467
28356622	958	966	forefoot	T023	C1510667
28356622	967	972	width	T081	C0487742
28356622	977	983	height	T032	C0489786
28356622	992	1001	condition	T080	C0348080
28356622	1008	1017	condition	T080	C0348080
28356622	1025	1049	significantly correlated	T080	C1707520
28356622	1059	1067	anterior	T082	C0205094
28356622	1072	1081	posterior	T082	C0205095
28356622	1082	1091	component	T077	C1705248
28356622	1095	1117	ground reaction forces	T067	C0441722
28356622	1123	1132	hip joint	T030	C0019558
28356622	1133	1142	extension	T169	C0231448
28356622	1143	1148	angle	T082	C0205143
28356622	1158	1163	ankle	T029	C0003086
28356622	1164	1186	plantar flexion moment	T042	C0231784
28356622	1189	1199	Conclusion	T078	C1707478
28356622	1205	1212	study's	T062	C0681814
28356622	1213	1221	findings	T033	C0243095
28356622	1222	1231	indicated	T033	C1444656
28356622	1237	1246	increased	T081	C0205217
28356622	1247	1256	stiffness	T184	C0427008
28356622	1264	1279	transverse arch	T029	C0230467
28356622	1287	1295	forefoot	T023	C1510667
28356622	1300	1307	related	T080	C0439849
28356622	1315	1323	increase	T169	C0442805
28356622	1327	1332	ankle	T029	C0003086
28356622	1333	1347	plantar moment	T042	C0231784
28356622	1353	1362	decreased	T081	C0205216
28356622	1363	1372	stiffness	T184	C0427008
28356622	1380	1395	transverse arch	T029	C0230467
28356622	1403	1411	forefoot	T023	C1510667
28356622	1416	1423	related	T080	C0439849
28356622	1431	1439	increase	T169	C0442805
28356622	1443	1452	hip joint	T030	C0019558
28356622	1453	1462	extension	T169	C0231448
28356622	1463	1468	angle	T082	C0205143
28356622	1476	1480	gait	T033	C0016928

28356949|t|Association between XRCC1 and ERCC1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the efficacy of concurrent radiochemotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
28356949|a|The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in X-ray repair cross-complementing 1-399 (XRCC1-399) or excision repair cross-complementation group 1-118 (ERCC1-118) and the short-term efficacy of radiochemotherapy, tumor metastasis and relapse, as well as the survival time in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). TaqMan probe-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was conducted to examine the levels of XRCC1-399 and ERCC1-118 SNPs in the peripheral blood of 50 patients with pathologically confirmed ESCC. In addition, the associations between different genotypes and short-term therapeutic efficacy [the complete remission (CR) rate], tumor metastasis and relapse, as well as the survival time following concurrent radiochemotherapy, were determined. A total of 50 ESCC patients who received concurrent radiochemotherapy were enrolled. It was found that the short-term therapeutic efficacy (CR rate) was higher in the group of patients carrying the homozygous mutation of XRCC1-399 (A / A genotype) than in the group of patients without the XRCC1-399 mutation (G / G genotype). In addition, the CR rate was significantly increased in patients carrying one or two ERCC1-118 C alleles (C / C or C / T genotype) compared with patients lacking the C allele (T / T genotype). The differences were statistically significant (A / A vs. G / G, P=0.014; T T vs. C / T + C / C, P=0.040). During the follow-up period, the group of patients carrying the homozygous mutation of XRCC1-399 (A / A genotype) exhibited a markedly reduced risk of metastasis and relapse compared with the group of patients carrying non-mutated XRCC1-399 (G / G genotype; P=0.031). By contrast, ERCC1-118 SNP was not associated with the risk of metastasis and recurrence (P>0.05). The combined results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the SNP in ERCC1-118 was closely associated with survival time. The mean survival time was significantly prolonged in patients carrying 1 or 2 C alleles (C / C or C / T genotype) compared with patients lacking the C allele (T / T genotype) [T / T vs. C / C, HR =12.96, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.08-54.61, P<0.001; T T vs. C / T + C / C, HR =11.71, 95% CI =3.06-44.83, P<0.001]. However, XRCC1-399 SNP had no effect on survival time (P>0.05). XRCCl-399 SNP was associated with the short-term therapeutic efficacy (the CR rate) and tumor metastasis / relapse in ESCC patients who received the docetaxel plus cisplatin (TP) regimen -based concurrent radiochemotherapy. By contrast, ERCC1-118 SNP was significantly associated with the short-term therapeutic efficacy (the CR rate) and survival time in ESCC patients who received TP regimen -based concurrent radiochemotherapy.
28356949	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28356949	20	25	XRCC1	T028	C1366475
28356949	30	35	ERCC1	T028	C1333355
28356949	36	67	single-nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28356949	76	84	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28356949	88	116	concurrent radiochemotherapy	T061	C3178775
28356949	120	128	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	134	168	esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0279626
28356949	205	216	investigate	T169	C1292732
28356949	221	232	association	T080	C0439849
28356949	241	272	single-nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28356949	274	278	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28356949	283	321	X-ray repair cross-complementing 1-399	T028	C1366475
28356949	323	332	XRCC1-399	T028	C1366475
28356949	337	386	excision repair cross-complementation group 1-118	T028	C1333355
28356949	388	397	ERCC1-118	T028	C1333355
28356949	407	417	short-term	T079	C0443303
28356949	418	426	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28356949	430	447	radiochemotherapy	T061	C0436307
28356949	449	465	tumor metastasis	T191	C0027627
28356949	470	477	relapse	T067	C0035020
28356949	494	507	survival time	T201	C2919552
28356949	511	519	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	525	559	esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0279626
28356949	561	565	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28356949	568	625	TaqMan probe-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T063	C3179034
28356949	627	631	qPCR	T063	C3179034
28356949	650	657	examine	T033	C0332128
28356949	662	668	levels	T080	C0441889
28356949	672	681	XRCC1-399	T028	C1366475
28356949	686	695	ERCC1-118	T028	C1333355
28356949	696	700	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28356949	708	724	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
28356949	731	739	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	745	759	pathologically	T169	C1521733
28356949	760	769	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28356949	770	774	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28356949	793	805	associations	T080	C0439849
28356949	814	823	different	T080	C1705242
28356949	824	833	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28356949	838	848	short-term	T079	C0443303
28356949	849	869	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
28356949	875	893	complete remission	T033	C0677874
28356949	895	897	CR	T033	C0677874
28356949	899	903	rate	T081	C1521828
28356949	906	922	tumor metastasis	T191	C0027627
28356949	927	934	relapse	T067	C0035020
28356949	951	964	survival time	T201	C2919552
28356949	975	1003	concurrent radiochemotherapy	T061	C3178775
28356949	1010	1020	determined	T080	C0521095
28356949	1036	1040	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28356949	1041	1049	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	1063	1091	concurrent radiochemotherapy	T061	C3178775
28356949	1129	1139	short-term	T079	C0443303
28356949	1140	1160	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
28356949	1162	1164	CR	T033	C0677874
28356949	1165	1169	rate	T081	C1521828
28356949	1189	1194	group	T078	C0441833
28356949	1198	1206	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	1220	1239	homozygous mutation	T045	C0026882
28356949	1243	1252	XRCC1-399	T028	C1366475
28356949	1254	1255	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28356949	1258	1259	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28356949	1260	1268	genotype	T032	C0017431
28356949	1282	1287	group	T078	C0441833
28356949	1291	1299	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	1312	1321	XRCC1-399	T028	C1366475
28356949	1322	1330	mutation	T045	C0026882
28356949	1332	1333	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28356949	1336	1337	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28356949	1338	1346	genotype	T032	C0017431
28356949	1366	1368	CR	T033	C0677874
28356949	1369	1373	rate	T081	C1521828
28356949	1378	1401	significantly increased	T081	C4055637
28356949	1405	1413	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	1434	1443	ERCC1-118	T028	C1333355
28356949	1446	1453	alleles	T028	C0002085
28356949	1455	1456	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	1459	1460	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	1464	1465	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	1468	1469	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	1470	1478	genotype	T032	C0017431
28356949	1480	1488	compared	T052	C1707455
28356949	1494	1502	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	1515	1516	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	1517	1523	allele	T028	C0002085
28356949	1525	1526	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	1529	1530	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	1531	1539	genotype	T032	C0017431
28356949	1563	1588	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28356949	1590	1591	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28356949	1594	1595	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28356949	1600	1601	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28356949	1604	1605	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28356949	1616	1617	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	1618	1619	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	1624	1625	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	1628	1629	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	1632	1633	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	1636	1637	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	1660	1676	follow-up period	T033	C0589120
28356949	1682	1687	group	T078	C0441833
28356949	1691	1699	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	1713	1732	homozygous mutation	T045	C0026882
28356949	1736	1745	XRCC1-399	T028	C1366475
28356949	1747	1748	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28356949	1751	1752	A	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28356949	1753	1761	genotype	T032	C0017431
28356949	1775	1791	markedly reduced	T080	C0392756
28356949	1792	1796	risk	T078	C0035647
28356949	1800	1810	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28356949	1815	1822	relapse	T067	C0035020
28356949	1823	1831	compared	T052	C1707455
28356949	1841	1846	group	T078	C0441833
28356949	1850	1858	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	1880	1889	XRCC1-399	T028	C1366475
28356949	1891	1892	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28356949	1895	1896	G	T114,T121	C0018330
28356949	1897	1905	genotype	T032	C0017431
28356949	1930	1939	ERCC1-118	T028	C1333355
28356949	1940	1943	SNP	T086	C0752046
28356949	1952	1967	associated with	T080	C0332281
28356949	1972	1976	risk	T078	C0035647
28356949	1980	1990	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28356949	1995	2005	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28356949	2040	2050	univariate	T062	C0683962
28356949	2055	2091	multivariate Cox regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28356949	2108	2111	SNP	T086	C0752046
28356949	2115	2124	ERCC1-118	T028	C1333355
28356949	2137	2152	associated with	T080	C0332281
28356949	2153	2166	survival time	T201	C2919552
28356949	2172	2190	mean survival time	T081	C0086595
28356949	2195	2208	significantly	T078	C0750502
28356949	2209	2218	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28356949	2222	2230	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	2247	2248	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	2249	2256	alleles	T028	C0002085
28356949	2258	2259	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	2262	2263	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	2267	2268	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	2271	2272	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	2273	2281	genotype	T032	C0017431
28356949	2283	2291	compared	T052	C1707455
28356949	2297	2305	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	2318	2319	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	2320	2326	allele	T028	C0002085
28356949	2328	2329	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	2332	2333	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	2334	2342	genotype	T032	C0017431
28356949	2345	2346	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	2349	2350	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	2355	2356	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	2359	2360	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	2362	2364	HR	T081	C2985465
28356949	2377	2396	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28356949	2398	2400	CI	T081	C0009667
28356949	2423	2424	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	2425	2426	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	2431	2432	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	2435	2436	T	T114,T123	C0040077
28356949	2439	2440	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	2443	2444	C	T114	C0010715
28356949	2446	2448	HR	T081	C2985465
28356949	2461	2463	CI	T081	C0009667
28356949	2496	2505	XRCC1-399	T028	C1366475
28356949	2506	2509	SNP	T086	C0752046
28356949	2514	2523	no effect	T080	C1301751
28356949	2527	2540	survival time	T201	C2919552
28356949	2551	2560	XRCCl-399	T028	C1366475
28356949	2561	2564	SNP	T086	C0752046
28356949	2569	2584	associated with	T080	C0332281
28356949	2589	2599	short-term	T079	C0443303
28356949	2600	2620	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
28356949	2626	2628	CR	T033	C0677874
28356949	2629	2633	rate	T081	C1521828
28356949	2639	2655	tumor metastasis	T191	C0027627
28356949	2658	2665	relapse	T067	C0035020
28356949	2669	2673	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28356949	2674	2682	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	2700	2737	docetaxel plus cisplatin (TP) regimen	T061	C1880380
28356949	2745	2773	concurrent radiochemotherapy	T061	C3178775
28356949	2788	2797	ERCC1-118	T028	C1333355
28356949	2798	2801	SNP	T086	C0752046
28356949	2806	2819	significantly	T078	C0750502
28356949	2820	2835	associated with	T080	C0332281
28356949	2840	2850	short-term	T079	C0443303
28356949	2851	2871	therapeutic efficacy	T080	C2348767
28356949	2877	2879	CR	T033	C0677874
28356949	2880	2884	rate	T081	C1521828
28356949	2890	2903	survival time	T201	C2919552
28356949	2907	2911	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28356949	2912	2920	patients	T101	C0030705
28356949	2934	2944	TP regimen	T061	C1880380
28356949	2952	2980	concurrent radiochemotherapy	T061	C3178775

28357505|t|Identification of Left Ventricle Failure on Pulmonary Artery CTA: Diagnostic Significance of Decreased Aortic & Left Ventricle Enhancement
28357505|a|This study aimed to identify findings on non- ECG - gated CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) indicating decreased left ventricle (LV) systolic function, later confirmed by echocardiogram. After obtaining institutional review board approval, review was performed of emergency department (ED) patients who had CTPA and follow-up echocardiogram within 48 h, over 18 months. Patients with pulmonary embolus, suboptimal CTPA, arrhythmias or pericardial tamponade were excluded. One hundred thirty-seven patients were identified and divided into cases (LVEF <40%, n = 52) and controls (LVEF >50%, n = 85). Two reviewers performed these analyses: measurement of enhancement in main pulmonary artery (MPA), LV, and aorta; subjective enhancement of LV and aorta (Ao) relative to MPA using a four-point Likert scale; contrast transit time (TD) to trigger CTPA and LV short & long axis dimensions. When available, the most recent N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level was recorded. Decreased aortic and LV subjective enhancement were the best predictors of LV systolic dysfunction. For Ao / MPA ratio, an optimal cutoff value of 0.20 resulted in a sensitivity of 0.54 and specificity of 0.93 (AUC = 0.83, 0.78-0.88 95% CI). A threshold of 86.7 HU for Ao enhancement resulted in a sensitivity of 0.68 and specificity of 0.90 (AUC = 0.82, 0.77-0.88 95% CI). A LV short axis diameter of more than 54.3 mm had a sensitivity of 0.62 and specificity of 0.98 (AUC = 0.88, 0.83-0.92 95% CI). For the LV long axis diameter, a cutoff of 87.5 mm resulted in a sensitivity of 0.66 and specificity of 0.84 (AUC = 0.78, 0.72-0.84 95% CI). With bolus timing, cases had a longer TD (13.4 vs. 10.4 s, p < 0.0001). Unsuspected LV systolic dysfunction can be recognized on a CTPA by identification of decreased aortic enhancement, LV enlargement and increased TD. This has important diagnostic implications for the patient presenting with shortness of breath, chest pain, or dyspnea.
28357505	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
28357505	18	40	Left Ventricle Failure	T047	C0023212
28357505	44	60	Pulmonary Artery	T023	C0545747
28357505	61	64	CTA	T060	C1536105
28357505	66	76	Diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28357505	77	89	Significance	T078	C0750502
28357505	93	109	Decreased Aortic	T047	C0003504
28357505	112	138	Left Ventricle Enhancement	T047	C0149721
28357505	144	149	study	T062	C0008972
28357505	150	155	aimed	T078	C1947946
28357505	159	167	identify	T080	C0205396
28357505	185	188	ECG	T033	C0013798
28357505	191	196	gated	T033	C4266464
28357505	197	221	CT pulmonary angiography	T060	C1641850
28357505	223	227	CTPA	T060	C1641850
28357505	240	249	decreased	T080	C0392756
28357505	250	264	left ventricle	T023	C0225897
28357505	266	268	LV	T023	C0225897
28357505	270	287	systolic function	T033	C4025008
28357505	308	322	echocardiogram	T170	C2243117
28357505	340	375	institutional review board approval	T170	C2346499
28357505	401	421	emergency department	T058	C0374899
28357505	423	425	ED	T058	C0374899
28357505	427	435	patients	T101	C0030705
28357505	444	448	CTPA	T060	C1641850
28357505	463	477	echocardiogram	T170	C2243117
28357505	488	489	h	T079	C0439227
28357505	499	505	months	T079	C0439231
28357505	507	515	Patients	T101	C0030705
28357505	521	538	pulmonary embolus	T047	C0034065
28357505	540	550	suboptimal	T080	C2984009
28357505	551	555	CTPA	T060	C1641850
28357505	557	568	arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
28357505	572	593	pericardial tamponade	T047	C0007177
28357505	599	607	excluded	T052	C2828389
28357505	634	642	patients	T101	C0030705
28357505	648	658	identified	T080	C0205396
28357505	676	681	cases	T077	C1706256
28357505	683	687	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28357505	706	714	controls	T096	C0009932
28357505	716	720	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28357505	740	749	reviewers	T098	C1882950
28357505	766	774	analyses	T062	C0936012
28357505	776	787	measurement	T169	C0242485
28357505	806	827	main pulmonary artery	T023	C0489875
28357505	829	832	MPA	T023	C0489875
28357505	835	837	LV	T023	C0225897
28357505	843	848	aorta	T023	C0003483
28357505	861	878	enhancement of LV	T047	C0149721
28357505	883	888	aorta	T047	C0003486
28357505	890	892	Ao	T047	C0003486
28357505	906	909	MPA	T023	C0489875
28357505	929	941	Likert scale	T170	C0451267
28357505	943	964	contrast transit time	T079	C0040223
28357505	966	968	TD	T079	C0040223
28357505	981	985	CTPA	T060	C1641850
28357505	990	992	LV	T023	C0225897
28357505	993	1021	short & long axis dimensions	T081	C0439534
28357505	1055	1096	N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide	T116,T123	C0754710
28357505	1098	1107	NT-proBNP	T116,T123	C0754710
28357505	1109	1114	level	T080	C0441889
28357505	1129	1145	Decreased aortic	T047	C0003504
28357505	1150	1175	LV subjective enhancement	T047	C0149721
28357505	1190	1200	predictors	T078	C2698872
28357505	1204	1227	LV systolic dysfunction	T047	C1277187
28357505	1233	1235	Ao	T047	C0003486
28357505	1238	1241	MPA	T023	C0489875
28357505	1242	1247	ratio	T081	C0456603
28357505	1295	1306	sensitivity	T081	C0036668
28357505	1319	1330	specificity	T081	C0036668
28357505	1340	1343	AUC	T081	C0376690
28357505	1366	1368	CI	T081	C0009667
28357505	1373	1382	threshold	T080	C0449864
28357505	1398	1400	Ao	T047	C0003486
28357505	1427	1438	sensitivity	T081	C0036668
28357505	1451	1462	specificity	T081	C0036668
28357505	1472	1475	AUC	T081	C0376690
28357505	1498	1500	CI	T081	C0009667
28357505	1505	1527	LV short axis diameter	T034	C0455834
28357505	1555	1566	sensitivity	T081	C0036668
28357505	1579	1590	specificity	T081	C0036668
28357505	1600	1603	AUC	T081	C0376690
28357505	1626	1628	CI	T081	C0009667
28357505	1639	1660	LV long axis diameter	T081	C1301886
28357505	1696	1707	sensitivity	T081	C0036668
28357505	1720	1731	specificity	T081	C0036668
28357505	1741	1744	AUC	T081	C0376690
28357505	1767	1769	CI	T081	C0009667
28357505	1791	1796	cases	T077	C1706256
28357505	1810	1812	TD	T079	C0040223
28357505	1856	1879	LV systolic dysfunction	T047	C1277187
28357505	1903	1907	CTPA	T060	C1641850
28357505	1911	1925	identification	T080	C0205396
28357505	1929	1957	decreased aortic enhancement	T047	C0003504
28357505	1959	1973	LV enlargement	T047	C0149721
28357505	1978	1987	increased	T169	C0442805
28357505	1988	1990	TD	T079	C0040223
28357505	2011	2021	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28357505	2043	2050	patient	T101	C0030705
28357505	2067	2086	shortness of breath	T184	C0013404
28357505	2088	2098	chest pain	T184	C0008031
28357505	2103	2110	dyspnea	T184	C0013404

28357725|t|Ventricular pacing site separation by cardiac computed tomography: validation for the prediction of clinical response to cardiac resynchronization therapy
28357725|a|Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) fails to provide benefit in up to one-third of patients. Maximizing the geographic separation of right and left ventricular pacing lead sites has been suggested as one way to improve response. Cardiac CT provides an opportunity to explore 3-dimensional inter-lead distance (ILD) measures for the prediction of CRT response. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between standardized measures of ILD by cardiac CT and echocardiographic response to CRT. Forty-two consecutive patients undergoing CRT had serial clinical and echocardiographic evaluations performed in addition to a post-procedural cardiac -gated CT with blinded measurement of direct and circumferential (via the myocardium) ILD measures. Clinical response to CRT, the primary clinical outcome, was defined as a ≥15% reduction in LVESV using echocardiography at 6-months. The mean age and ejection fraction was 63.6 ± 8.9 years and 25.2 ± 7.8%, respectively. The primary outcome occurred in 35 of 42 patients (83%). Both direct and circumferential CT -based ILD measures were associated with the primary outcome by univariate analysis. Receiver Operator Characteristic analysis identified Circumferential ILD to have the strongest predictive accuracy (AUC 0.78). Inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of CT -derived ILD measures was excellent. Circumferential ILD measures on cardiac CT are predictive of clinical response to CRT. Incorporation of these measures into the selection of optimal pacing targets, particularly from pre-procedural CT coronary vein imaging may be of therapeutic benefit and warrants further investigation.
28357725	0	18	Ventricular pacing	T061	C0199648
28357725	19	34	site separation	T082	C1254362
28357725	38	45	cardiac	T082	C1522601
28357725	46	65	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28357725	67	77	validation	T062	C1519941
28357725	86	96	prediction	T078	C0681842
28357725	100	117	clinical response	T033	C4055223
28357725	121	154	cardiac resynchronization therapy	T061	C1167956
28357725	155	188	Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy	T061	C1167956
28357725	190	193	CRT	T061	C1167956
28357725	204	211	provide	T052	C1999230
28357725	212	219	benefit	T081	C0814225
28357725	242	250	patients	T101	C0030705
28357725	267	288	geographic separation	T082	C1254362
28357725	292	297	right	T082	C1254362
28357725	302	306	left	T082	C1254362
28357725	307	325	ventricular pacing	T061	C0199648
28357725	326	336	lead sites	T029	C0442031
28357725	346	355	suggested	T078	C1705535
28357725	370	377	improve	T033	C0184511
28357725	378	386	response	T032	C0871261
28357725	388	398	Cardiac CT	T060	C0202850
28357725	399	407	provides	T052	C1999230
28357725	411	422	opportunity	T062	C0683937
28357725	434	447	3-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28357725	448	467	inter-lead distance	T082	C1254362
28357725	469	472	ILD	T082	C1254362
28357725	474	482	measures	T081	C0079809
28357725	491	501	prediction	T078	C0681842
28357725	505	508	CRT	T061	C1167956
28357725	509	517	response	T032	C0871261
28357725	523	532	objective	T170	C0018017
28357725	541	546	study	T062	C2603343
28357725	554	565	investigate	T169	C1292732
28357725	566	578	associations	T080	C0439849
28357725	587	599	standardized	T080	C1442989
28357725	600	608	measures	T081	C0079809
28357725	612	615	ILD	T082	C1254362
28357725	619	629	cardiac CT	T060	C0202850
28357725	634	651	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
28357725	652	660	response	T032	C0871261
28357725	664	667	CRT	T061	C1167956
28357725	679	690	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28357725	691	699	patients	T101	C0030705
28357725	711	714	CRT	T061	C1167956
28357725	726	734	clinical	T058	C4084924
28357725	739	756	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
28357725	757	768	evaluations	T058	C0220825
28357725	769	778	performed	T169	C0884358
28357725	779	793	in addition to	T169	C0332287
28357725	796	811	post-procedural	T079	C3272301
28357725	812	819	cardiac	T082	C1522601
28357725	827	829	CT	T060	C0040405
28357725	835	842	blinded	T062	C0150108
28357725	843	854	measurement	T169	C0242485
28357725	858	864	direct	T080	C1947931
28357725	869	884	circumferential	T082	C0205113
28357725	894	904	myocardium	T024	C0027061
28357725	906	909	ILD	T082	C1254362
28357725	910	918	measures	T081	C0079809
28357725	920	937	Clinical response	T033	C4055223
28357725	941	944	CRT	T061	C1167956
28357725	950	974	primary clinical outcome	T034	C0456984
28357725	998	1007	reduction	T080	C0392756
28357725	1011	1016	LVESV	T033	C0080308
28357725	1023	1039	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
28357725	1057	1065	mean age	T032	C0001779
28357725	1070	1087	ejection fraction	T033	C2700378
28357725	1144	1159	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28357725	1160	1168	occurred	T052	C1709305
28357725	1181	1189	patients	T101	C0030705
28357725	1202	1208	direct	T080	C1947931
28357725	1213	1228	circumferential	T082	C0205113
28357725	1229	1231	CT	T060	C0040405
28357725	1239	1242	ILD	T082	C1254362
28357725	1243	1251	measures	T081	C0079809
28357725	1257	1272	associated with	T080	C0332281
28357725	1277	1292	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28357725	1296	1315	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28357725	1317	1349	Receiver Operator Characteristic	T081	C0034772
28357725	1350	1358	analysis	T062	C0936012
28357725	1370	1385	Circumferential	T082	C0205113
28357725	1386	1389	ILD	T082	C1254362
28357725	1412	1422	predictive	T080	C0681890
28357725	1423	1431	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28357725	1444	1450	Inter-	T081	C0021713
28357725	1455	1469	intra-observer	T081	C0021861
28357725	1470	1485	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
28357725	1489	1491	CT	T060	C0040405
28357725	1501	1504	ILD	T082	C1254362
28357725	1505	1513	measures	T081	C0079809
28357725	1518	1527	excellent	T080	C1961136
28357725	1529	1544	Circumferential	T082	C0205113
28357725	1545	1548	ILD	T082	C1254362
28357725	1549	1557	measures	T081	C0079809
28357725	1561	1571	cardiac CT	T060	C0202850
28357725	1576	1586	predictive	T080	C0681890
28357725	1590	1607	clinical response	T033	C4055223
28357725	1611	1614	CRT	T061	C1167956
28357725	1616	1629	Incorporation	T169	C0243126
28357725	1639	1647	measures	T081	C0079809
28357725	1657	1666	selection	T052	C1707391
28357725	1670	1677	optimal	T080	C2698651
28357725	1678	1684	pacing	T061	C0199640
28357725	1685	1692	targets	T169	C1521840
28357725	1712	1726	pre-procedural	T079	C3272300
28357725	1727	1729	CT	T060	C0040405
28357725	1730	1743	coronary vein	T023	C3495141
28357725	1744	1751	imaging	T060	C0011923
28357725	1762	1773	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28357725	1774	1781	benefit	T081	C0814225
28357725	1803	1816	investigation	T058	C0220825

28357982|t|Co-infection of Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 (AciHV-2) and Streptococcus iniae in cultured white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus
28357982|a|A mortality event in cultured white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus (Richardson, 1836) sub-adults was investigated. After transfer between farms, high mortality was observed in fish, associated with back arching, abnormal swimming, and ulcerative skin lesions. Necropsy of moribund individuals revealed hemorrhagic ascites and petechial hemorrhages in the coelomic peritoneum and serosa of internal organs. Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 (AciHV-2) was isolated from external tissue samples, then identified and genotyped by sequencing of the terminase and polymerase genes. In addition, Streptococcus iniae was recovered from internal organs of affected fish. Histologic changes were limited to interstitial hematopoietic areas of the kidney and consisted of small foci of necrosis accompanied by fibrin deposition, minimal inflammatory response, and small numbers of bacterial cocci compatible with streptococci. Identity was confirmed by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA, rpoB, and gyrB genes. Genetic fingerprinting demonstrated a genetic profile distinct from S. iniae isolates recovered from previous outbreaks in wild and cultured fish in North America, South America, and the Caribbean. Although the isolates were resistant to white sturgeon complement in serum killing assays, in vivo challenges failed to fulfill Koch's postulates. However, the clinical presentation, coupled with consistent recovery of S. iniae and AciHV-2 from moribund fish, suggests viral and bacterial co-infection were the proximate cause of death. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of AciHV-2 and S. iniae co-infection in cultured white sturgeon.
28357982	0	12	Co-infection	T047	C0275524
28357982	16	41	Acipenserid herpesvirus 2	T005	C1935542
28357982	43	50	AciHV-2	T005	C1935542
28357982	56	75	Streptococcus iniae	T007	C0318186
28357982	79	87	cultured	T059	C0430400
28357982	88	102	white sturgeon	T013	C0327757
28357982	103	126	Acipenser transmontanus	T013	C0327757
28357982	129	144	mortality event	T081	C0205848
28357982	148	156	cultured	T059	C0430400
28357982	157	171	white sturgeon	T013	C0327757
28357982	172	195	Acipenser transmontanus	T013	C0327757
28357982	197	207	Richardson	T170	C0443048
28357982	215	225	sub-adults	T013	C0016163
28357982	230	242	investigated	T169	C1292732
28357982	267	272	farms	T092	C4279960
28357982	279	288	mortality	T081	C0205848
28357982	305	309	fish	T013	C0016163
28357982	311	326	associated with	T080	C0332281
28357982	327	339	back arching	T033	C0459190
28357982	341	349	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28357982	350	358	swimming	T056	C0039003
28357982	364	374	ulcerative	T047	C0041582
28357982	375	387	skin lesions	T047	C0037284
28357982	389	397	Necropsy	T060	C0004398
28357982	401	409	moribund	T033	C0424547
28357982	410	421	individuals	T013	C0016163
28357982	431	450	hemorrhagic ascites	T184	C0019086
28357982	455	476	petechial hemorrhages	T047	C0031256
28357982	484	492	coelomic	T030	C3686739
28357982	493	503	peritoneum	T024	C0031153
28357982	508	514	serosa	T024	C0036760
28357982	527	533	organs	T023	C0178784
28357982	535	560	Acipenserid herpesvirus 2	T005	C1935542
28357982	562	569	AciHV-2	T005	C1935542
28357982	598	612	tissue samples	T024	C1292533
28357982	634	643	genotyped	T032	C0017431
28357982	647	657	sequencing	T063	C1328887
28357982	665	674	terminase	T116,T126	C0076125
28357982	679	695	polymerase genes	T028	C1335440
28357982	710	729	Streptococcus iniae	T007	C0318186
28357982	749	764	internal organs	T023	C0178784
28357982	777	781	fish	T013	C0016163
28357982	783	801	Histologic changes	T169	C0392747
28357982	818	830	interstitial	T029	C0596790
28357982	831	850	hematopoietic areas	T024	C0229619
28357982	858	864	kidney	T023	C0022646
28357982	888	892	foci	T082	C0205234
28357982	896	904	necrosis	T042	C0027540
28357982	920	937	fibrin deposition	T046	C0333565
28357982	947	968	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28357982	991	1006	bacterial cocci	T007	C0314746
28357982	1023	1035	streptococci	T007	C0038402
28357982	1071	1081	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28357982	1089	1097	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
28357982	1099	1103	rpoB	T028	C3656149
28357982	1109	1119	gyrB genes	T028	C0017337
28357982	1121	1143	Genetic fingerprinting	T063	C0600368
28357982	1159	1174	genetic profile	T059	C2986505
28357982	1189	1197	S. iniae	T007	C0318186
28357982	1244	1248	wild	T170	C0445392
28357982	1253	1261	cultured	T059	C0430400
28357982	1262	1266	fish	T013	C0016163
28357982	1270	1283	North America	T083	C0028405
28357982	1285	1298	South America	T083	C0037713
28357982	1308	1317	Caribbean	T083	C0206155
28357982	1332	1340	isolates	T123	C1764827
28357982	1346	1355	resistant	T169	C0332325
28357982	1359	1373	white sturgeon	T013	C0327757
28357982	1388	1393	serum	T031	C0229671
28357982	1394	1408	killing assays	T059	C0005507
28357982	1410	1417	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28357982	1447	1464	Koch's postulates	T170	C0162791
28357982	1479	1500	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
28357982	1538	1546	S. iniae	T007	C0318186
28357982	1551	1558	AciHV-2	T005	C1935542
28357982	1564	1572	moribund	T033	C0424547
28357982	1573	1577	fish	T013	C0016163
28357982	1588	1593	viral	T005	C0042776
28357982	1598	1607	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28357982	1608	1620	co-infection	T047	C0275524
28357982	1640	1654	cause of death	T033	C0007465
28357982	1710	1717	AciHV-2	T005	C1935542
28357982	1722	1730	S. iniae	T007	C0318186
28357982	1731	1743	co-infection	T047	C0275524
28357982	1747	1755	cultured	T059	C0430400
28357982	1756	1770	white sturgeon	T013	C0327757

28358140|t|A pilot study on transient ischemic stroke induced with endothelin-1 in the rhesus monkeys
28358140|a|Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstrictor, has recently been used to induce focal ischemia in rodents and marmoset monkeys. The rhesus monkey, however, has numerous advantages to the rodent and marmoset that make it a superior and irreplaceable animal model for studying stroke in the brain. In the present study, after mapping the preferred hand representation in two healthy male monkeys with intracortical micro-stimulation, ET-1 was microinjected into the contralateral motor cortex (M1) to its preferred hand. The monkeys had been trained in three manual dexterity tasks before the microinjection and were tested for these tasks following the ET-1 injection. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans were performed 1, 7, 14 and 28 days post ischemia. It was found that ET-1 impaired the manual dexterity of the monkeys in the vertical slot and rotating Brinkman board tasks 3-8 days after the injection. Brain imaging found that severe edema was present 7 days after the focal ischemia. This data suggest that ET-1 can induce transient ischemic stroke in rhesus monkey and that ET-1 induced focal ischemia in non-human primates is a potential model to study the mechanism of stroke and brain repair after stroke.
28358140	17	42	transient ischemic stroke	T047	C0007787
28358140	56	68	endothelin-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28358140	76	90	rhesus monkeys	T015	C0024400
28358140	91	103	Endothelin-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28358140	105	109	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28358140	114	129	vasoconstrictor	T121	C0042397
28358140	164	178	focal ischemia	T047	C0007786
28358140	182	189	rodents	T015	C0035804
28358140	194	210	marmoset monkeys	T015	C0006764
28358140	216	229	rhesus monkey	T015	C0024400
28358140	271	277	rodent	T015	C0035804
28358140	282	290	marmoset	T015	C0006764
28358140	333	345	animal model	T008	C0599779
28358140	359	378	stroke in the brain	T047	C3844825
28358140	408	415	mapping	T052	C1283195
28358140	430	434	hand	T023	C0018563
28358140	435	449	representation	T052	C1882932
28358140	457	464	healthy	T080	C3898900
28358140	465	469	male	T032	C0086582
28358140	470	477	monkeys	T015	C0026447
28358140	516	520	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28358140	525	538	microinjected	T061	C0025991
28358140	548	561	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28358140	562	574	motor cortex	T029	C0026607
28358140	576	578	M1	T029	C0026607
28358140	587	596	preferred	T078	C0558295
28358140	597	601	hand	T023	C0018563
28358140	607	614	monkeys	T015	C0026447
28358140	624	631	trained	T080	C2673163
28358140	641	657	manual dexterity	T033	C0565699
28358140	675	689	microinjection	T061	C0025991
28358140	736	740	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28358140	741	750	injection	T061	C0021485
28358140	752	790	Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans	T060	C0412675
28358140	832	840	ischemia	T047	C0007786
28358140	860	864	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28358140	878	894	manual dexterity	T033	C0565699
28358140	902	909	monkeys	T015	C0026447
28358140	935	964	rotating Brinkman board tasks	T058	C1160858
28358140	984	993	injection	T061	C0021485
28358140	995	1008	Brain imaging	T060	C0203860
28358140	1020	1026	severe	T080	C0205082
28358140	1027	1032	edema	T184	C0013604
28358140	1062	1076	focal ischemia	T047	C0007786
28358140	1101	1105	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28358140	1117	1142	transient ischemic stroke	T047	C0007787
28358140	1146	1159	rhesus monkey	T015	C0024400
28358140	1169	1173	ET-1	T116,T123	C0079281
28358140	1182	1196	focal ischemia	T047	C0007786
28358140	1200	1218	non-human primates	T015	C3687508
28358140	1266	1272	stroke	T047	C3844825
28358140	1277	1289	brain repair	T061	C0161849
28358140	1296	1302	stroke	T047	C3844825

28358234|t|Iodine Storage and Metabolism of Mild to Moderate Iodine-Deficient Pregnant Rats
28358234|a|Severe iodine deficiency during pregnancy results in neurodevelopmental disorders in children, while the consequences of mild to moderate iodine deficiency (MMID) are uncertain. The concentration of iodine in the thyroid is the most accurate indicator of iodine nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate whether the iodine stores in the thyroid cover the needs of the mother and the fetus in iodine - sufficient and MMID conditions by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. One hundred four-week-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into MMID (low iodine intake [L]) and normal (normal iodine intake [N]) groups. The rats were fed for the next three months, and after pregnancy they were further divided into two subgroups, respectively: low iodine pregnancy (LP) and low iodine pregnancy with iodine supplement (LP+), and normal iodine intake pregnancy (NP) and normal iodine intake pregnancy with iodine supplement (NP+). The iodine intake of pregnant rats in the NP+ and LP+ groups was twice as much as in the NP and LP groups. The rats were sacrificed on gestational day 15 and postnatal day 7. The iodine concentration in the thyroid of the maternal and newborn rats, maternal serum, placenta, and amniotic fluid were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The concentration of iodine in the thyroid of the N group was significantly higher than that in the L group before pregnancy. The concentration of iodine in the maternal thyroids of the LP group decreased during pregnancy, whereas that of the NP group did not change significantly. There was no significant difference in the iodine concentration in the thyroid of mothers and offspring between the NP and NP+ groups, but it was significant between LP and LP+ groups. The concentration of iodine in amniotic fluid was significantly different between the four groups. There is sufficient iodine storage in the thyroid of maternal rats with normal iodine intake during pregnancy, and there is no need for iodine supplementation. However, iodine stores are insufficient in rats with MMID. Iodine supplementation can increase the iodine concentration in the thyroid of maternal rats with MMID and their offspring, as well as in the amniotic fluid during pregnancy.
28358234	0	14	Iodine Storage	T196	C2348268
28358234	19	29	Metabolism	T040	C0025519
28358234	33	49	Mild to Moderate	T080	C1299392
28358234	50	66	Iodine-Deficient	T046	C0342927
28358234	67	75	Pregnant	T040	C0032961
28358234	76	80	Rats	T015	C0034693
28358234	81	105	Severe iodine deficiency	T046	C0342927
28358234	106	130	during pregnancy results	T079	C0585037
28358234	134	162	neurodevelopmental disorders	T048	C1535926
28358234	166	174	children	T100	C0008059
28358234	186	201	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28358234	202	236	mild to moderate iodine deficiency	T046	C0342927
28358234	238	242	MMID	T046	C0342927
28358234	248	257	uncertain	T033	C0087130
28358234	263	286	concentration of iodine	T059	C0523726
28358234	294	301	thyroid	T023	C0040132
28358234	336	352	iodine nutrition	T196	C2348268
28358234	395	408	iodine stores	T196	C2348268
28358234	416	429	thyroid cover	T023	C0040132
28358234	447	467	mother and the fetus	T029	C0545509
28358234	471	477	iodine	T121,T123,T196	C0021968
28358234	480	490	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28358234	495	499	MMID	T046	C0342927
28358234	514	558	inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry	T059	C1553183
28358234	586	604	female Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
28358234	632	636	MMID	T046	C0342927
28358234	638	655	low iodine intake	T033	C3714384
28358234	665	671	normal	T033	C3840145
28358234	673	693	normal iodine intake	T033	C3840145
28358234	699	705	groups	T078	C0441833
28358234	711	715	rats	T015	C0034693
28358234	721	750	fed for the next three months	T052	C2987508
28358234	756	771	after pregnancy	T079	C0086839
28358234	790	816	divided into two subgroups	T185	C1515021
28358234	832	842	low iodine	T033	C2745994
28358234	843	852	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28358234	854	856	LP	T033	C2745994
28358234	862	872	low iodine	T033	C2745994
28358234	873	882	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28358234	888	905	iodine supplement	T168	C3661599
28358234	907	910	LP+	T168	C3661599
28358234	917	937	normal iodine intake	T033	C3840145
28358234	938	947	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28358234	949	951	NP	T040	C0032961
28358234	957	977	normal iodine intake	T033	C3840145
28358234	978	987	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28358234	993	1010	iodine supplement	T168	C3661599
28358234	1012	1015	NP+	T168	C3661599
28358234	1022	1035	iodine intake	T033	C4263590
28358234	1039	1047	pregnant	T040	C0032961
28358234	1048	1052	rats	T015	C0034693
28358234	1060	1063	NP+	T168	C3661599
28358234	1068	1078	LP+ groups	T168	C3661599
28358234	1107	1109	NP	T033	C3840145
28358234	1114	1123	LP groups	T033	C2745994
28358234	1129	1133	rats	T015	C0034693
28358234	1153	1168	gestational day	T079	C0439671
28358234	1176	1189	postnatal day	T079	C0443281
28358234	1197	1217	iodine concentration	T059	C0523726
28358234	1225	1232	thyroid	T023	C0040132
28358234	1240	1248	maternal	T033	C1858460
28358234	1253	1260	newborn	T033	C2239178
28358234	1261	1265	rats	T015	C0034693
28358234	1267	1281	maternal serum	T059	C4064645
28358234	1283	1291	placenta	T018	C0032043
28358234	1297	1311	amniotic fluid	T031	C0002638
28358234	1331	1375	inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry	T059	C1553183
28358234	1381	1404	concentration of iodine	T059	C0523726
28358234	1412	1419	thyroid	T023	C0040132
28358234	1427	1434	N group	T033	C3840145
28358234	1439	1459	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28358234	1477	1484	L group	T033	C2745994
28358234	1485	1501	before pregnancy	T033	C3840692
28358234	1507	1530	concentration of iodine	T059	C0523726
28358234	1538	1555	maternal thyroids	T058	C2228489
28358234	1563	1571	LP group	T033	C2745994
28358234	1582	1598	during pregnancy	T079	C0585037
28358234	1620	1628	NP group	T033	C3840145
28358234	1702	1722	iodine concentration	T059	C0523726
28358234	1730	1737	thyroid	T023	C0040132
28358234	1741	1748	mothers	T099	C0026591
28358234	1753	1762	offspring	T099	C0680063
28358234	1775	1777	NP	T033	C3840145
28358234	1782	1792	NP+ groups	T168	C3661599
28358234	1825	1827	LP	T040	C0032961
28358234	1832	1842	LP+ groups	T168	C3661599
28358234	1848	1871	concentration of iodine	T059	C0523726
28358234	1875	1889	amniotic fluid	T031	C0002638
28358234	1935	1941	groups	T078	C0441833
28358234	1963	1977	iodine storage	T196	C2348268
28358234	1985	1992	thyroid	T023	C0040132
28358234	1996	2004	maternal	T033	C1858460
28358234	2005	2009	rats	T015	C0034693
28358234	2015	2035	normal iodine intake	T033	C4263590
28358234	2036	2052	during pregnancy	T079	C0585037
28358234	2079	2101	iodine supplementation	T058	C3661575
28358234	2112	2125	iodine stores	T196	C2348268
28358234	2146	2150	rats	T015	C0034693
28358234	2156	2160	MMID	T046	C0342927
28358234	2162	2184	Iodine supplementation	T058	C3661575
28358234	2202	2222	iodine concentration	T059	C0523726
28358234	2230	2237	thyroid	T023	C0040132
28358234	2241	2249	maternal	T033	C1858460
28358234	2250	2254	rats	T015	C0034693
28358234	2260	2264	MMID	T046	C0342927
28358234	2275	2284	offspring	T099	C0680063
28358234	2304	2318	amniotic fluid	T031	C0002638
28358234	2319	2335	during pregnancy	T079	C0585037

28358612|t|Management and Case Outcome of Gastric Impaction in Four Raptors: A Case Series
28358612|a|Four captive raptors, an American kestrel (Falco sparverius), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), and barn owl (Tyto alba), were diagnosed with ventricular and/or proventricular foreign material impactions consisting of artificial turf substrate, paper and plastic substrate, grass, and newspaper. Partial or total anorexia was reported in all birds and decreased casting in 2 birds. Survey radiographs confirmed presence of gastric enlargement in all 4 birds. The kestrel and eagle were treated unsuccessfully with gastroscopy and gastric lavage, respectively, followed by surgical intervention to remove the ventricular impactions. Both birds died of undetermined causes after surgery. The peregrine falcon died before medical or surgical intervention was started, and the owl was managed successfully with oral mineral oil and liquid diet to facilitate egestion of the foreign material as a pellet. Lead poisoning was suspected as the predisposing cause for foreign body ingestion in the eagle, but underlying causes for pica in the other birds were not determined. Radiographs can provide useful diagnostic information in sick raptors that exhibit vomiting or changes in appetite or casting frequency, and may help guide treatment decisions of impacted birds. Careful consideration of substrate, enrichment items, and access to potential foreign material that could be ingested may be the best pre-emptive management strategy in captive raptors.
28358612	0	10	Management	T058	C0376636
28358612	15	27	Case Outcome	T062	C0543472
28358612	31	48	Gastric Impaction	T020	C0267223
28358612	57	64	Raptors	T012	C0600536
28358612	68	79	Case Series	T062	C0150093
28358612	93	100	raptors	T012	C0600536
28358612	105	121	American kestrel	T012	C0325583
28358612	123	139	Falco sparverius	T012	C0325583
28358612	142	158	peregrine falcon	T012	C0325581
28358612	160	176	Falco peregrinus	T012	C0325581
28358612	179	191	golden eagle	T012	C0325569
28358612	193	210	Aquila chrysaetos	T012	C0325569
28358612	217	225	barn owl	T012	C0326063
28358612	227	236	Tyto alba	T012	C0326063
28358612	244	253	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28358612	259	270	ventricular	T023	C2355627
28358612	278	292	proventricular	T023	C0033745
28358612	293	309	foreign material	T037	C0232481
28358612	310	320	impactions	T046	C0333124
28358612	335	360	artificial turf substrate	T167	C3891814
28358612	362	367	paper	T073	C0030351
28358612	372	389	plastic substrate	T073	C0032162
28358612	391	396	grass	T002	C0018210
28358612	402	411	newspaper	T073,T170	C0027989
28358612	413	438	Partial or total anorexia	T047	C0003123
28358612	459	464	birds	T012	C0600536
28358612	469	478	decreased	T081	C0205216
28358612	479	486	casting	T061	C3519992
28358612	492	497	birds	T012	C0600536
28358612	499	505	Survey	T170	C0038951
28358612	506	517	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28358612	540	547	gastric	T023	C0038351
28358612	548	559	enlargement	T061	C1293134
28358612	569	574	birds	T012	C0600536
28358612	580	587	kestrel	T012	C0325582
28358612	592	597	eagle	T012	C0325569
28358612	603	610	treated	T169	C1522326
28358612	631	642	gastroscopy	T060	C0017195
28358612	647	661	gastric lavage	T061	C0017134
28358612	689	710	surgical intervention	T033	C0549433
28358612	725	736	ventricular	T023	C2355627
28358612	737	747	impactions	T046	C0333124
28358612	754	759	birds	T012	C0600536
28358612	760	787	died of undetermined causes	T033	C2826209
28358612	788	801	after surgery	T079	C0032790
28358612	807	823	peregrine falcon	T012	C0325581
28358612	824	828	died	T033	C1306577
28358612	829	843	before medical	T061	C3179131
28358612	847	868	surgical intervention	T033	C0549433
28358612	890	893	owl	T012	C0326063
28358612	924	940	oral mineral oil	T200	C1250025
28358612	945	956	liquid diet	T061	C0301571
28358612	960	1003	facilitate egestion of the foreign material	T037	C0232481
28358612	1009	1015	pellet	T081	C1706128
28358612	1017	1031	Lead poisoning	T037	C0023176
28358612	1053	1071	predisposing cause	T079	C0032946
28358612	1076	1098	foreign body ingestion	T037	C0232481
28358612	1106	1111	eagle	T012	C0325569
28358612	1117	1134	underlying causes	T169	C0015127
28358612	1139	1143	pica	T048	C0031873
28358612	1157	1162	birds	T012	C0600536
28358612	1168	1182	not determined	T080	C0521096
28358612	1184	1195	Radiographs	T060	C1306645
28358612	1215	1237	diagnostic information	T058	C0811871
28358612	1241	1245	sick	T184	C0221423
28358612	1246	1253	raptors	T012	C0600536
28358612	1259	1275	exhibit vomiting	T184	C0042963
28358612	1279	1298	changes in appetite	T033	C0426587
28358612	1302	1319	casting frequency	T061	C3519992
28358612	1340	1359	treatment decisions	T061	C0087111
28358612	1363	1371	impacted	T169	C0333125
28358612	1372	1377	birds	T012	C0600536
28358612	1387	1400	consideration	T033	C0518609
28358612	1404	1413	substrate	T167	C3891814
28358612	1415	1431	enrichment items	T073	C3273359
28358612	1447	1456	potential	T080	C3245505
28358612	1457	1496	foreign material that could be ingested	T037	C0232481
28358612	1525	1544	management strategy	T058	C0376636
28358612	1556	1563	raptors	T012	C0600536

28358712|t|Anti-inflammatory activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit extract on rat paw edema
28358712|a|The Elaeagnus angustifolia fruit has been traditionally used in Iranian herbal medicine to treat diarrhea and rheumatoid arthritis. In the present study, the effects of E. angustifolia fruit extract on the acute and chronic phases of formalin - induced rat paw edema were examined. The acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effects of E. angustifolia fruit extract were investigated through the subcutaneous injection of 100 μL of formalin (2.5%) into a rat's hind paw. Thirty minutes before the procedure, the experimental groups were treated intraperitoneally with hydroalcoholic fruit extracts of E. angustifolia (concentrations of 100, 300, 700, and 1000 mg/kg); sodium salicylate (SS, 400 mg/kg) and distilled water were used as positive and negative control groups, respectively. Treatment with SS and the fruit extracts were performed daily for 8 days, and the degree of edema was measured by using mercury plethysmometer and digital caliper. In the acute anti-inflammatory study, the extract showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect in a dose-dependent manner. The results of 1000 mg/kg of the extract was significantly different compared with the negative control group (p<0.05) and was comparable to sodium salicylate (p<0.05). Results from the chronic study suggested that E. angustifolia extract significantly reduced paw edema and inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. The results also showed that the measurement by digital caliper and mercury plethysmometer were both reliable and might be applied interchangeably (p<0.01). Phytochemical tests indicated that the hydroalcoholic fruit extract of E. angustifolia was positive for cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. Based on our findings, the E. angustifolia fruit extract probably has acute and chronic anti-inflammatory activities to support its applications in folk medicine.
28358712	0	17	Anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
28358712	18	26	activity	T052	C0441655
28358712	30	52	Elaeagnus angustifolia	T002	C1006436
28358712	53	66	fruit extract	T109,T121	C0772257
28358712	70	73	rat	T015	C0034693
28358712	74	77	paw	T023	C0687080
28358712	78	83	edema	T184	C0013604
28358712	88	110	Elaeagnus angustifolia	T002	C1006436
28358712	111	116	fruit	T168	C0016767
28358712	148	155	Iranian	T083	C0022065
28358712	156	171	herbal medicine	T121	C2240391
28358712	175	180	treat	T169	C1522326
28358712	181	189	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
28358712	194	214	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
28358712	242	249	effects	T080	C1280500
28358712	253	268	E. angustifolia	T002	C1006436
28358712	269	282	fruit extract	T109,T121	C0772257
28358712	290	295	acute	T079	C0205178
28358712	300	314	chronic phases	T079	C0457343
28358712	318	326	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0949307
28358712	329	336	induced	T169	C0205263
28358712	337	340	rat	T015	C0034693
28358712	341	344	paw	T023	C0687080
28358712	345	350	edema	T184	C0013604
28358712	356	364	examined	T033	C0332128
28358712	370	375	acute	T079	C0205178
28358712	380	387	chronic	T079	C0457343
28358712	388	413	anti-inflammatory effects	T033	C0243095
28358712	417	432	E. angustifolia	T002	C1006436
28358712	433	446	fruit extract	T109,T121	C0772257
28358712	452	464	investigated	T169	C1292732
28358712	477	499	subcutaneous injection	T169	C0021499
28358712	513	521	formalin	T109,T121,T131	C0949307
28358712	536	541	rat's	T015	C0034693
28358712	547	550	paw	T023	C0687080
28358712	552	566	Thirty minutes	T079	C1442458
28358712	578	587	procedure	T169	C2700391
28358712	593	605	experimental	T080	C1517586
28358712	606	612	groups	T078	C0441833
28358712	618	625	treated	T169	C1522326
28358712	626	643	intraperitoneally	T082	C0442120
28358712	649	678	hydroalcoholic fruit extracts	T109,T121	C0772257
28358712	682	697	E. angustifolia	T002	C1006436
28358712	699	713	concentrations	T081	C1264643
28358712	749	766	sodium salicylate	T109,T121	C0037549
28358712	768	770	SS	T109,T121	C0037549
28358712	787	802	distilled water	T121,T197	C0790233
28358712	816	824	positive	T033	C1446409
28358712	829	837	negative	T033	C0205160
28358712	838	852	control groups	T096	C0009932
28358712	868	877	Treatment	T169	C1522326
28358712	883	885	SS	T109,T121	C0037549
28358712	894	908	fruit extracts	T109,T121	C0772257
28358712	914	923	performed	T169	C0884358
28358712	924	929	daily	T079	C0332173
28358712	936	940	days	T079	C0439228
28358712	950	956	degree	T081	C0449286
28358712	960	965	edema	T184	C0013604
28358712	970	978	measured	T080	C0444706
28358712	988	1010	mercury plethysmometer	T074	C0025080
28358712	1015	1030	digital caliper	T074	C0175720
28358712	1039	1044	acute	T079	C0205178
28358712	1045	1062	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
28358712	1063	1068	study	T062	C2603343
28358712	1074	1081	extract	T167	C2828366
28358712	1103	1127	anti-inflammatory effect	T080	C1515999
28358712	1133	1147	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
28358712	1160	1167	results	T169	C1274040
28358712	1189	1196	extract	T167	C2828366
28358712	1215	1224	different	T080	C1705242
28358712	1225	1238	compared with	T052	C1707455
28358712	1243	1251	negative	T033	C0205160
28358712	1252	1265	control group	T096	C0009932
28358712	1297	1314	sodium salicylate	T109,T121	C0037549
28358712	1325	1332	Results	T169	C1274040
28358712	1342	1349	chronic	T079	C0457343
28358712	1350	1355	study	T062	C2603343
28358712	1356	1365	suggested	T078	C1705535
28358712	1371	1386	E. angustifolia	T002	C1006436
28358712	1387	1394	extract	T167	C2828366
28358712	1409	1416	reduced	T080	C0392756
28358712	1417	1420	paw	T023	C0687080
28358712	1421	1426	edema	T184	C0013604
28358712	1431	1443	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28358712	1449	1463	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
28358712	1476	1483	results	T169	C1274040
28358712	1505	1516	measurement	T169	C0242485
28358712	1520	1535	digital caliper	T074	C0175720
28358712	1540	1562	mercury plethysmometer	T074	C0025080
28358712	1629	1648	Phytochemical tests	T059	C0022885
28358712	1668	1696	hydroalcoholic fruit extract	T109,T121	C0772257
28358712	1700	1715	E. angustifolia	T002	C1006436
28358712	1720	1728	positive	T033	C1446409
28358712	1733	1751	cardiac glycosides	T109,T121	C0007158
28358712	1753	1763	flavonoids	T109	C0596577
28358712	1765	1775	terpenoids	T109,T123	C0039561
28358712	1781	1789	saponins	T109	C0036189
28358712	1804	1812	findings	T033	C0243095
28358712	1818	1833	E. angustifolia	T002	C1006436
28358712	1834	1847	fruit extract	T109,T121	C0772257
28358712	1861	1866	acute	T079	C0205178
28358712	1871	1878	chronic	T079	C0457343
28358712	1879	1896	anti-inflammatory	T033	C0243095
28358712	1897	1907	activities	T052	C0441655
28358712	1939	1952	folk medicine	T061	C0016419

28359307|t|Clinical impact of postoperative loss in psoas major muscle and nutrition index after radical cystectomy for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
28359307|a|Although the significance of preoperative nutritional status has been investigated, there is no report regarding the relationship of their postoperative changes on outcomes in patients who underwent radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Here, we report the clinical impact of the change, from baseline, in nutritional status and volume of abdominal skeletal muscle mass and adipose tissue after radical cystetomy. A retrospective analysis of 89 patients with bladder cancer, who underwent curative radical cystectomy, was conducted to assess the time course of change, from baseline, in body composition and nutritional status at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months, after surgery. Skeletal muscle mass and abdominal adipose tissue mass were quantified by unenhanced computed tomography images. Two different nutritional indices, the Prognostic Nutritional Index and the Controlling Nutritional Status score were calculated from laboratory blood tests. We evaluated the prognostic value of the rate of change in the body composition and nutritional status after radical cystectomy. The cross-sectional area at the level of the third lumbar vertebra of the psoas major muscle and nutritional indices showed a transient deterioration at 1 and 3 months after radical cystectomy, with a return to baseline values from 6 to 24 months. A ≤ -10% loss in the area of the psoas muscle was associated with a shorter overall survival, compared to those with a > -10 change [hazard ratio (HR) 2.2, P = 0.02]. Multivariate analyzes identified sarcopenia status at baseline (HR 2.2, P = 0.03) and a ≤ -10% loss in the psoas muscle (HR 2.4, P = 0.02) were identified as independent prognostic factors for overall survival. A subanalysis of patients without sarcopenia identified a worse survival outcome for patients with a ≤ -10% loss in the psoas muscle (HR 2.6, P = 0.03) and ≤ - 5 change in the Prognostic Nutritional Index (HR 3.6, P = 0.01). Further research is required to establish appropriate rehabilitation protocols and nutritional interventions after radical cystectomy for maintaining skeletal muscle mass and nutrition status which could counteract physical deterioration and improve outcomes.
28359307	0	15	Clinical impact	T080	C4049986
28359307	19	37	postoperative loss	T046	C0030660
28359307	41	59	psoas major muscle	T023	C0224419
28359307	64	79	nutrition index	T081	C0028710
28359307	86	104	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28359307	109	117	patients	T101	C0030705
28359307	123	143	urothelial carcinoma	T191	C2145472
28359307	151	158	bladder	T023	C0005682
28359307	188	200	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28359307	201	219	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
28359307	229	241	investigated	T169	C1292732
28359307	255	261	report	T170	C0684224
28359307	276	288	relationship	T080	C0439849
28359307	298	319	postoperative changes	T046	C0030660
28359307	323	331	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28359307	335	343	patients	T101	C0030705
28359307	358	376	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28359307	381	395	bladder cancer	T191	C0699885
28359307	406	412	report	T058	C0700287
28359307	417	432	clinical impact	T080	C4049986
28359307	440	446	change	T169	C0392747
28359307	453	461	baseline	T081	C1442488
28359307	466	484	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
28359307	489	495	volume	T081	C0449468
28359307	499	508	abdominal	T029	C0000726
28359307	509	524	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28359307	525	529	mass	T081	C0392762
28359307	534	548	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
28359307	555	572	radical cystetomy	T061	C0194401
28359307	576	598	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
28359307	605	613	patients	T101	C0030705
28359307	619	633	bladder cancer	T191	C0699885
28359307	649	676	curative radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28359307	695	701	assess	T058	C0184514
28359307	706	717	time course	T079	C0449247
28359307	721	727	change	T169	C0392747
28359307	734	742	baseline	T081	C1442488
28359307	747	763	body composition	T032	C0005885
28359307	768	786	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
28359307	810	816	months	T079	C0439231
28359307	818	831	after surgery	T033	C0241311
28359307	833	848	Skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28359307	849	853	mass	T081	C0392762
28359307	858	867	abdominal	T029	C0000726
28359307	868	882	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
28359307	883	887	mass	T081	C0392762
28359307	893	903	quantified	T081	C1709793
28359307	918	937	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28359307	938	944	images	T170	C1704254
28359307	960	979	nutritional indices	T081	C0028710
28359307	985	1013	Prognostic Nutritional Index	T081	C0033326
28359307	1022	1052	Controlling Nutritional Status	T033	C0392209
28359307	1053	1058	score	T081	C0449820
28359307	1064	1074	calculated	T052	C1441506
28359307	1080	1102	laboratory blood tests	T059	C0018941
28359307	1107	1116	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28359307	1121	1137	prognostic value	T081	C0449821
28359307	1145	1149	rate	T081	C1521828
28359307	1153	1159	change	T169	C0392747
28359307	1167	1183	body composition	T032	C0005885
28359307	1188	1206	nutritional status	T033	C0392209
28359307	1213	1231	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28359307	1237	1257	cross-sectional area	T082	C1254362
28359307	1265	1270	level	T080	C0441889
28359307	1278	1299	third lumbar vertebra	T023	C0223522
28359307	1307	1325	psoas major muscle	T023	C0224419
28359307	1330	1349	nutritional indices	T081	C0028710
28359307	1359	1368	transient	T079	C0205374
28359307	1369	1382	deterioration	T067	C0868945
28359307	1394	1400	months	T079	C0439231
28359307	1407	1425	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28359307	1444	1452	baseline	T081	C1442488
28359307	1453	1459	values	T081	C1522609
28359307	1473	1479	months	T079	C0439231
28359307	1490	1494	loss	T081	C1517945
28359307	1502	1506	area	T082	C0205146
28359307	1514	1526	psoas muscle	T023	C0085221
28359307	1531	1546	associated with	T080	C0332281
28359307	1557	1573	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28359307	1606	1612	change	T169	C0392747
28359307	1614	1626	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28359307	1628	1630	HR	T081	C2985465
28359307	1648	1669	Multivariate analyzes	T081	C0026777
28359307	1670	1680	identified	T080	C0205396
28359307	1681	1691	sarcopenia	T047	C0872084
28359307	1692	1698	status	T080	C0449438
28359307	1702	1710	baseline	T081	C1442488
28359307	1712	1714	HR	T081	C2985465
28359307	1743	1747	loss	T081	C1517945
28359307	1755	1767	psoas muscle	T023	C0085221
28359307	1769	1771	HR	T081	C2985465
28359307	1792	1802	identified	T080	C0205396
28359307	1806	1817	independent	T078	C0085862
28359307	1818	1836	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
28359307	1841	1857	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28359307	1861	1872	subanalysis	T062	C0936012
28359307	1876	1884	patients	T101	C0030705
28359307	1893	1903	sarcopenia	T047	C0872084
28359307	1904	1914	identified	T080	C0205396
28359307	1917	1922	worse	T033	C1457868
28359307	1923	1931	survival	T052	C0038952
28359307	1932	1939	outcome	T169	C1274040
28359307	1944	1952	patients	T101	C0030705
28359307	1967	1971	loss	T081	C1517945
28359307	1979	1991	psoas muscle	T023	C0085221
28359307	1993	1995	HR	T081	C2985465
28359307	2021	2027	change	T169	C0392747
28359307	2035	2063	Prognostic Nutritional Index	T081	C0033326
28359307	2065	2067	HR	T081	C2985465
28359307	2092	2100	research	T062	C0035168
28359307	2138	2152	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
28359307	2153	2162	protocols	T170	C0442711
28359307	2167	2192	nutritional interventions	T061	C0086153
28359307	2199	2217	radical cystectomy	T061	C0194401
28359307	2234	2249	skeletal muscle	T024	C0242692
28359307	2250	2254	mass	T081	C0392762
28359307	2259	2275	nutrition status	T033	C0392209
28359307	2299	2321	physical deterioration	T184	C1386058
28359307	2326	2333	improve	T033	C0184511
28359307	2334	2342	outcomes	T169	C1274040

28359664|t|Omega 3 Fatty Acids Reduce Bone Resorption While Promoting Bone Generation in Rat Apical Periodontitis
28359664|a|This study evaluated the effects of the dietary supplement omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on pulp exposure -induced apical periodontitis (AP) in rats. Twenty-eight male rats were divided into groups: control untreated rats (C), control rats treated with ω-3 PUFAs alone (C-O), rats with pulp exposure -induced AP, and rats with pulp exposure -induced AP treated with ω-3 PUFAs (AP -O). The ω-3 PUFAs were administered orally, once a day, for 15 days before pulp exposure and, subsequently, 30 days after pulp exposure. Rats were killed 30 days after pulp exposure, and jaws were subjected to histologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to detect tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase - positive osteoclasts and osteocalcin - positive osteoblasts on the bone surface of periapical area. Results were statistically evaluated by using analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. The bone resorption lesion was significantly larger in the AP group compared with AP -O, C, and C-O groups (P < .05). The level of inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly elevated, and the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase - positive osteoclasts was significantly higher in the periapical lesions of the AP group compared with AP -O, C, and C-O groups (P < .05). The number of osteocalcin - positive osteoblasts was significantly increased in the AP -O group compared with the AP group (P > .05). Supplementation with ω-3 PUFAs not only suppresses bone resorption but also promotes new bone formation in the periapical area of rats with AP in conjunction with downregulation of inflammatory cell infiltration into the lesion.
28359664	0	19	Omega 3 Fatty Acids	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28359664	20	26	Reduce	T080	C0392756
28359664	27	42	Bone Resorption	T042	C0005974
28359664	49	74	Promoting Bone Generation	T042	C1371285
28359664	78	81	Rat	T015	C0034721
28359664	82	102	Apical Periodontitis	T047	C0031030
28359664	114	123	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28359664	128	138	effects of	T080	C1704420
28359664	143	161	dietary supplement	T168	C0242295
28359664	162	197	omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28359664	199	208	ω-3 PUFAs	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28359664	213	226	pulp exposure	T047	C0011406
28359664	236	256	apical periodontitis	T047	C0031030
28359664	258	260	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	265	269	rats	T015	C0034721
28359664	284	288	male	T032	C0086582
28359664	289	293	rats	T015	C0034721
28359664	312	318	groups	T098	C1257890
28359664	328	337	untreated	T033	C0332155
28359664	338	342	rats	T015	C0034721
28359664	356	360	rats	T015	C0034721
28359664	361	373	treated with	T169	C1522326
28359664	374	383	ω-3 PUFAs	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28359664	397	401	rats	T015	C0034721
28359664	407	420	pulp exposure	T047	C0011406
28359664	430	432	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	438	442	rats	T015	C0034721
28359664	448	461	pulp exposure	T047	C0011406
28359664	471	473	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	474	486	treated with	T169	C1522326
28359664	487	496	ω-3 PUFAs	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28359664	498	500	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	510	519	ω-3 PUFAs	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28359664	525	544	administered orally	T061	C0001563
28359664	577	590	pulp exposure	T047	C0011406
28359664	624	637	pulp exposure	T047	C0011406
28359664	639	643	Rats	T015	C0034721
28359664	649	655	killed	T054	C0162388
28359664	670	683	pulp exposure	T047	C0011406
28359664	689	693	jaws	T023	C0022359
28359664	712	722	histologic	UnknownType	C0681853
28359664	727	746	immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
28359664	747	755	analyses	T062	C0936012
28359664	757	776	Immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
28359664	777	785	analyses	T062	C0936012
28359664	811	846	tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase	T116,T126	C0297331
28359664	849	857	positive	T033	C1446409
28359664	858	869	osteoclasts	T025	C0029431
28359664	874	885	osteocalcin	T116,T123	C0029419
28359664	888	896	positive	T033	C1446409
28359664	897	908	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
28359664	916	928	bone surface	T029	C0825429
28359664	932	947	periapical area	T082	C0729269
28359664	976	985	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28359664	995	1015	analysis of variance	T081	C0002780
28359664	1020	1057	Tukey honestly significant difference	T081	C0392762
28359664	1086	1111	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28359664	1117	1132	bone resorption	T042	C0005974
28359664	1133	1139	lesion	T033	C0221198
28359664	1144	1164	significantly larger	T081	C4055637
28359664	1172	1174	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	1195	1197	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	1213	1219	groups	T098	C1257890
28359664	1235	1240	level	T080	C0441889
28359664	1244	1274	inflammatory cell infiltration	T046	C0302158
28359664	1321	1356	tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase	T116,T126	C0297331
28359664	1359	1367	positive	T033	C1446409
28359664	1368	1379	osteoclasts	T025	C0029431
28359664	1384	1404	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28359664	1412	1422	periapical	T082	C0729269
28359664	1423	1430	lesions	T033	C0221198
28359664	1438	1440	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	1461	1463	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	1479	1485	groups	T098	C1257890
28359664	1511	1522	osteocalcin	T116,T123	C0029419
28359664	1525	1533	positive	T033	C1446409
28359664	1534	1545	osteoblasts	T025	C0029418
28359664	1564	1573	increased	T081	C0205217
28359664	1581	1583	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	1611	1613	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	1631	1646	Supplementation	T061	C0242297
28359664	1652	1661	ω-3 PUFAs	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28359664	1671	1681	suppresses	T169	C1260953
28359664	1682	1697	bone resorption	T042	C0005974
28359664	1707	1734	promotes new bone formation	T042	C1371285
28359664	1742	1757	periapical area	T082	C0729269
28359664	1761	1765	rats	T015	C0034721
28359664	1771	1773	AP	T047	C0031030
28359664	1777	1788	conjunction	T078	C2699427
28359664	1794	1808	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28359664	1812	1842	inflammatory cell infiltration	T046	C0302158
28359664	1852	1858	lesion	T033	C0221198

28359781|t|Why do Dutch people use dietary supplements? Exploring the role of socio - cognitive and psychosocial determinants
28359781|a|In the Netherlands, the prevalence of dietary supplement use has doubled (from 17 to 40 per cent) since the 1980s. Yet, limited data is available on which socio - cognitive factors are associated with dietary supplement use. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to explain dietary supplement use with determinants deriving from the Integrated Change Model (ICM) and from formative research. Socio - cognitive and psychosocial factors were measured among users and non-users of dietary supplements in a longitudinal survey study, with measurements at baseline (N = 1448) and at one-month follow-up (N = 1161). Negative binomial regression analysis was applied to de data. Intention emerged as the main predictor of dietary supplement use (OR = 1.99). Further predictors of dietary supplement use with smaller effect-sizes were: health regulatory focus (promotion, OR = 1.46), social modelling (OR = 1.44), attitude (pros, OR = 1.37), attitude (cons, OR = 0.87), health locus of control (OR = 0.77), and risk perception (chance of getting ill, OR = 1.22). Individuals tend to use dietary supplements if they are promotion oriented, notice dietary supplement users in their social environment, estimate their chances of getting ill higher, and have positive attitude s towards dietary supplements. In contrast, non-users believe that external factors affect their health, and hold negative attitudes towards dietary supplements. Mapping out individuals ' socio - cognitive profile may contribute to the development of online health communication. Based on socio - cognitive and demographical factors, personalised advice can be given about dietary supplement use.
28359781	7	19	Dutch people	T098	C0013331
28359781	20	23	use	T169	C0457083
28359781	24	43	dietary supplements	T168	C0242295
28359781	59	63	role	T078	C0086939
28359781	67	72	socio	T169	C0728831
28359781	75	84	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28359781	89	114	psychosocial determinants	T080	C0033963
28359781	122	133	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
28359781	139	149	prevalence	T081	C0683919
28359781	153	171	dietary supplement	T168	C0242295
28359781	172	175	use	T169	C0457083
28359781	180	187	doubled	T052	C1705764
28359781	235	242	limited	T169	C0439801
28359781	243	247	data	T078	C1511726
28359781	251	260	available	T169	C0470187
28359781	270	275	socio	T169	C0728831
28359781	278	287	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28359781	288	295	factors	T169	C1521761
28359781	300	315	associated with	T080	C0332281
28359781	316	334	dietary supplement	T168	C0242295
28359781	335	338	use	T169	C0457083
28359781	355	362	purpose	T169	C1285529
28359781	370	375	study	T062	C2603343
28359781	390	408	dietary supplement	T168	C0242295
28359781	409	412	use	T169	C0457083
28359781	418	430	determinants	T169	C1521761
28359781	449	472	Integrated Change Model	T061	C3714354
28359781	474	477	ICM	T061	C3714354
28359781	488	506	formative research	UnknownType	C0681838
28359781	508	513	Socio	T169	C0728831
28359781	516	525	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28359781	530	550	psychosocial factors	T080	C0033963
28359781	556	564	measured	T080	C0444706
28359781	571	576	users	T098	C1706077
28359781	581	590	non-users	T098	C0237401
28359781	594	613	dietary supplements	T168	C0242295
28359781	619	638	longitudinal survey	T081	C0086569
28359781	639	644	study	T062	C2603343
28359781	651	663	measurements	T169	C0242485
28359781	667	675	baseline	T081	C1442488
28359781	704	713	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28359781	726	743	Negative binomial	T081	C0027558
28359781	744	763	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28359781	782	786	data	T078	C1511726
28359781	813	817	main	T080	C1542147
28359781	818	827	predictor	T078	C2698872
28359781	831	849	dietary supplement	T168	C0242295
28359781	850	853	use	T169	C0457083
28359781	875	885	predictors	T078	C2698872
28359781	889	907	dietary supplement	T168	C0242295
28359781	908	911	use	T169	C0457083
28359781	917	924	smaller	T081	C0700321
28359781	925	937	effect-sizes	T081	C0814843
28359781	944	950	health	T078	C0018684
28359781	951	961	regulatory	T077	C1704735
28359781	962	967	focus	T033	C0517484
28359781	969	978	promotion	T058	C0018738
28359781	992	1008	social modelling	T061	C0556532
28359781	1022	1030	attitude	T054	C0004275
28359781	1050	1058	attitude	T054	C0004275
28359781	1078	1101	health locus of control	T078	C0870637
28359781	1119	1134	risk perception	T080	C0814102
28359781	1136	1142	chance	T080	C0237506
28359781	1154	1157	ill	T184	C0221423
28359781	1171	1182	Individuals	T098	C0237401
28359781	1191	1194	use	T169	C0457083
28359781	1195	1214	dietary supplements	T168	C0242295
28359781	1227	1236	promotion	T058	C0018738
28359781	1254	1272	dietary supplement	T168	C0242295
28359781	1273	1278	users	T098	C1706077
28359781	1288	1306	social environment	T078	C0037414
28359781	1308	1316	estimate	T081	C0750572
28359781	1323	1330	chances	T080	C0237506
28359781	1342	1345	ill	T184	C0221423
28359781	1346	1352	higher	T080	C0205250
28359781	1363	1371	positive	T033	C1446409
28359781	1372	1380	attitude	T054	C0004275
28359781	1383	1390	towards	T078	C3875150
28359781	1391	1410	dietary supplements	T168	C0242295
28359781	1415	1423	contrast	T080	C1979874
28359781	1425	1434	non-users	T098	C0237401
28359781	1448	1464	external factors	UnknownType	C0814307
28359781	1465	1471	affect	T058	C2237113
28359781	1478	1484	health	T078	C0018684
28359781	1490	1494	hold	T052	C1948035
28359781	1495	1503	negative	T169	C1527178
28359781	1504	1513	attitudes	T054	C0004275
28359781	1514	1521	towards	T078	C3875150
28359781	1522	1541	dietary supplements	T168	C0242295
28359781	1543	1550	Mapping	T052	C1283195
28359781	1555	1566	individuals	T098	C0237401
28359781	1569	1574	socio	T169	C0728831
28359781	1577	1586	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28359781	1587	1594	profile	T169	C2003903
28359781	1599	1609	contribute	T052	C1880177
28359781	1617	1628	development	T169	C1527148
28359781	1632	1638	online	T073,T170	C0029038
28359781	1639	1659	health communication	T058	C1512347
28359781	1661	1666	Based	T169	C1527178
28359781	1670	1675	socio	T169	C0728831
28359781	1678	1687	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28359781	1692	1713	demographical factors	T078	C0011292
28359781	1715	1727	personalised	T032	C1519021
28359781	1728	1734	advice	T058	C0150600
28359781	1754	1772	dietary supplement	T168	C0242295
28359781	1773	1776	use	T169	C0457083

28359890|t|Artemisinin loaded chitosan magnetic nanoparticles for the efficient targeting to the breast cancer
28359890|a|Artemisinin, a natural anti-malarial agent, also possesses anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic activity in cancer cells with very low toxicity to normal healthy cells. Drug loaded magnetic nanoparticles by using external magnetic field could selectively accumulate the drug at the target site and thereby reduce the doses required to achieve therapeutic concentration which may otherwise produce serious side effects on healthy cells. In the present study the artemisinin magnetic nanoparticles were successfully formulated using chitosan by ionic-gelation method. The developed magnetic nanoparticles of artemisinin were smooth and spherical in nature and their size was in the range of 349-445nm. The polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of the formulated nanoparticles were in the range of 0.373-0.908 and -9.34 to -33.3 respectively. They showed 55% to 62.5% of drug encapsulation efficiency and 20% to 25% drug loading capacity. Around 62% to 78% of artemisinin was released from the artemisinin magnetic nanoparticles over the period of 48h. On application of physiologically acceptable external magnetic field, FITC conjugated artemisinin magnetic nanoparticles showed an enhanced accumulation of nanoparticles in the 4T1 breast tumour tissues of BALB/c mice model.
28359890	0	11	Artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
28359890	19	27	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28359890	28	50	magnetic nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28359890	69	78	targeting	T169	C0205245
28359890	86	99	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28359890	100	111	Artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
28359890	123	142	anti-malarial agent	T121	C0003374
28359890	159	177	anti-proliferative	T033	C0243095
28359890	182	206	anti-angiogenic activity	T033	C0243095
28359890	210	222	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28359890	237	245	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28359890	249	255	normal	T080	C0205307
28359890	256	269	healthy cells	T025	C0007634
28359890	271	275	Drug	T121	C1254351
28359890	283	305	magnetic nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28359890	315	323	external	T082	C0205101
28359890	324	338	magnetic field	T070	C0563533
28359890	357	367	accumulate	UnknownType	C0678759
28359890	372	376	drug	T121	C1254351
28359890	384	395	target site	T029	C2348654
28359890	408	414	reduce	T080	C0392756
28359890	445	470	therapeutic concentration	UnknownType	C0683164
28359890	507	519	side effects	T046	C0879626
28359890	523	536	healthy cells	T025	C0007634
28359890	563	574	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
28359890	575	597	magnetic nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28359890	633	641	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28359890	645	666	ionic-gelation method	T059	C0022885
28359890	682	704	magnetic nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28359890	708	719	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
28359890	725	731	smooth	T080	C0205357
28359890	736	745	spherical	T082	C0332501
28359890	766	770	size	T082	C0456389
28359890	806	826	polydispersity index	T077	C1882415
28359890	828	831	PDI	T077	C1882415
28359890	837	851	zeta potential	T067	C0597697
28359890	870	883	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28359890	978	982	drug	T121	C1254351
28359890	983	996	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
28359890	997	1007	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28359890	1023	1027	drug	T121	C1254351
28359890	1028	1044	loading capacity	T081	C1516240
28359890	1067	1078	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
28359890	1083	1091	released	T169	C0391871
28359890	1101	1112	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
28359890	1113	1135	magnetic nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28359890	1145	1151	period	T079	C1948053
28359890	1163	1174	application	T169	C4048755
28359890	1178	1193	physiologically	T169	C0205463
28359890	1194	1204	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28359890	1205	1213	external	T082	C0205101
28359890	1214	1228	magnetic field	T070	C0563533
28359890	1230	1234	FITC	T109,T130	C0085216
28359890	1246	1257	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
28359890	1258	1280	magnetic nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28359890	1300	1312	accumulation	UnknownType	C0678759
28359890	1316	1329	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28359890	1337	1362	4T1 breast tumour tissues	T024	C0475358
28359890	1341	1347	breast	T023	C0006141
28359890	1366	1377	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
28359890	1378	1383	model	T050	C0012644

28360122|t|Increased cerebral blood volume pulsatility during head-down tilt with elevated carbon dioxide: The SPACECOT Study
28360122|a|Astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) have exhibited hyperopic shifts, posterior eye globe flattening, dilated optic nerve sheaths, and even optic disc swelling from spaceflight. Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) consequent to cephalad fluid shifts is commonly hypothesized as contributing to these ocular changes. Head-down tilt (HDT) is frequently utilized as an Earth -based analog to study similar fluid shifts. Sealed environments like the ISS also exhibit elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), a potent arteriolar vasodilator that could further affect cerebral blood volume and flow, intracranial compliance, and ICP. A collaborative pilot study between the National Space Biomedical Research Institute and the German Aerospace Center tested the hypotheses that: (1) HDT and elevated CO2 physiologically interact, and (2) cerebrovascular pulsatility is related to HDT and/or elevated CO2 In a double-blind crossover study (n=6), we measured cerebral blood volume (CBV) pulsatility via near-infrared spectroscopy, alongside non-invasive ICP and intraocular pressure (IOP) during 28-hr -12° HDT at both nominal (0.04%) and elevated (0.5%) ambient CO2 In our cohort, CBV pulsatility increased significantly over time at cardiac frequencies (0.031±0.009 μM/hr increase in [HbT] pulsatility amplitude) and Mayer wave frequencies (0.019±0.005 μM/hr increase). The HDT - CO2 interaction on pulsatility was not robust, but rather driven by an individual. Significant differences between atmospheres were not detected in ICP or IOP. Further work is needed to reproduce these findings in a larger cohort, to determine whether a "water hammer" effect in cerebral pulsatility is also present during spaceflight, and whether it is associated with ocular changes in astronauts.
28360122	0	9	Increased	T081	C0205217
28360122	10	31	cerebral blood volume	T032	C4277714
28360122	32	43	pulsatility	T080	C0577317
28360122	51	65	head-down tilt	T082	C0242683
28360122	71	94	elevated carbon dioxide	T033	C0020440
28360122	71	94	elevated carbon dioxide	T033	C0020440
28360122	100	114	SPACECOT Study	T062	C2603343
28360122	115	125	Astronauts	T097	C0242688
28360122	186	202	hyperopic shifts	T047	C0020490
28360122	204	213	posterior	T082	C0205095
28360122	214	223	eye globe	T023	C0015392
28360122	224	234	flattening	T169	C0016203
28360122	236	243	dilated	T033	C0700124
28360122	244	263	optic nerve sheaths	T023	C0228673
28360122	274	293	optic disc swelling	T047	C0030353
28360122	299	310	spaceflight	T057,T066	C0037741
28360122	312	342	Elevated intracranial pressure	T047	C0151740
28360122	344	347	ICP	T047	C0151740
28360122	363	371	cephalad	T082	C0205096
28360122	372	384	fluid shifts	T039	C0242705
28360122	397	409	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28360122	435	449	ocular changes	T033	C0429568
28360122	451	465	Head-down tilt	T082	C0242683
28360122	467	470	HDT	T082	C0242683
28360122	501	506	Earth	T083	C0242744
28360122	530	537	similar	T080	C2348205
28360122	538	550	fluid shifts	T039	C0242705
28360122	552	571	Sealed environments	T082	C0014406
28360122	598	606	elevated	T080	C3163633
28360122	607	621	carbon dioxide	T123,T197	C0007012
28360122	623	626	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28360122	631	637	potent	T080	C3245505
28360122	638	660	arteriolar vasodilator	T121	C2267010
28360122	687	708	cerebral blood volume	T032	C4277714
28360122	713	717	flow	T033	C0428714
28360122	719	731	intracranial	T029	C0524466
28360122	732	742	compliance	T033	C3714738
28360122	748	751	ICP	T047	C0151740
28360122	755	780	collaborative pilot study	T062	C0031928
28360122	793	837	National Space Biomedical Research Institute	T093	C1708333
28360122	846	869	German Aerospace Center	T092	C1561598
28360122	881	891	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
28360122	902	905	HDT	T082	C0242683
28360122	910	918	elevated	T080	C3163633
28360122	919	922	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28360122	923	938	physiologically	T169	C0205463
28360122	939	947	interact	T169	C1704675
28360122	957	972	cerebrovascular	T080	C1880018
28360122	973	984	pulsatility	T080	C0577317
28360122	999	1002	HDT	T082	C0242683
28360122	1010	1018	elevated	T080	C3163633
28360122	1019	1022	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28360122	1028	1040	double-blind	T062	C0013072
28360122	1041	1056	crossover study	T062	C0150097
28360122	1076	1097	cerebral blood volume	T032	C4277714
28360122	1099	1102	CBV	T032	C4277714
28360122	1104	1115	pulsatility	T080	C0577317
28360122	1120	1146	near-infrared spectroscopy	T059	C0376519
28360122	1158	1170	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28360122	1171	1174	ICP	T047	C0151740
28360122	1179	1199	intraocular pressure	T042	C0021888
28360122	1201	1204	IOP	T042	C0021888
28360122	1224	1227	HDT	T082	C0242683
28360122	1236	1243	nominal	T081	C1264625
28360122	1256	1264	elevated	T080	C3163633
28360122	1272	1279	ambient	T080	C1879688
28360122	1280	1283	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28360122	1291	1297	cohort	T098	C0599755
28360122	1299	1302	CBV	T032	C4277714
28360122	1303	1314	pulsatility	T080	C0577317
28360122	1315	1338	increased significantly	T081	C0205217
28360122	1352	1359	cardiac	T082	C1522601
28360122	1360	1371	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28360122	1391	1399	increase	T169	C0442805
28360122	1409	1420	pulsatility	T080	C0577317
28360122	1421	1430	amplitude	T082	C2346753
28360122	1436	1458	Mayer wave frequencies	T079	C0439603
28360122	1478	1486	increase	T169	C0442805
28360122	1493	1496	HDT	T082	C0242683
28360122	1499	1502	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28360122	1503	1514	interaction	T169	C1704675
28360122	1518	1529	pulsatility	T080	C0577317
28360122	1570	1580	individual	T098	C0027361
28360122	1594	1605	differences	T080	C1705242
28360122	1614	1625	atmospheres	T070	C0004178
28360122	1631	1643	not detected	T033	C0442737
28360122	1647	1650	ICP	T047	C0151740
28360122	1654	1657	IOP	T042	C0021888
28360122	1722	1728	cohort	T098	C0599755
28360122	1753	1774	"water hammer" effect	T033	C0232123
28360122	1778	1786	cerebral	T023	C0006104
28360122	1787	1798	pulsatility	T080	C0577317
28360122	1822	1833	spaceflight	T057,T066	C0037741
28360122	1853	1868	associated with	T080	C0332281
28360122	1869	1883	ocular changes	T033	C0429568
28360122	1887	1897	astronauts	T097	C0242688

28360143|t|Return to play after hamstring injuries in football (soccer): a worldwide Delphi procedure regarding definition, medical criteria and decision-making
28360143|a|There are three major questions about return to play (RTP) after hamstring injuries: How should RTP be defined? Which medical criteria should support the RTP decision? And who should make the RTP decision? The study aimed to provide a clear RTP definition and medical criteria for RTP and to clarify RTP consultation and responsibilities after hamstring injury. The study used the Delphi procedure. The results of a systematic review were used as a starting point for the Delphi procedure. Fifty-eight experts in the field of hamstring injury management selected by 28 FIFA Medical Centres of Excellence worldwide participated. Each Delphi round consisted of a questionnaire, an analysis and an anonymised feedback report. After four Delphi rounds, with more than 83% response for each round, consensus was achieved that RTP should be defined as 'the moment a player has received criteria-based medical clearance and is mentally ready for full availability for match selection and/or full training'. The experts reached consensus on the following criteria to support the RTP decision: medical staff clearance, absence of pain on palpation, absence of pain during strength and flexibility testing, absence of pain during/after functional testing, similar hamstring flexibility, performance on field testing, and psychological readiness. It was also agreed that RTP decisions should be based on shared decision-making, primarily via consultation with the athlete, sports physician, physiotherapist, fitness trainer and team coach. The consensus regarding aspects of RTP should provide clarity and facilitate the assessment of when RTP is appropriate after hamstring injury, so as to avoid or reduce the risk of injury recurrence because of a premature RTP.
28360143	0	14	Return to play	T080	C4042817
28360143	21	39	hamstring injuries	T037	C0856356
28360143	43	60	football (soccer)	T056	C0840973
28360143	64	73	worldwide	T098	C2700280
28360143	74	90	Delphi procedure	T062	C0011216
28360143	101	111	definition	T170	C1704788
28360143	113	120	medical	T169	C0205476
28360143	121	129	criteria	T078	C0243161
28360143	134	149	decision-making	T041	C0011109
28360143	188	202	return to play	T080	C4042817
28360143	204	207	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	215	233	hamstring injuries	T037	C0856356
28360143	246	249	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	268	275	medical	T169	C0205476
28360143	276	284	criteria	T078	C0243161
28360143	292	299	support	T077	C1521721
28360143	304	307	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	308	316	decision	T041	C0679006
28360143	342	345	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	346	354	decision	T041	C0679006
28360143	360	365	study	T062	C2603343
28360143	391	394	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	395	405	definition	T170	C1704788
28360143	410	417	medical	T169	C0205476
28360143	418	426	criteria	T078	C0243161
28360143	431	434	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	450	453	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	454	466	consultation	T058	C0009818
28360143	471	487	responsibilities	T055	C0678341
28360143	494	510	hamstring injury	T037	C0856356
28360143	516	521	study	T062	C2603343
28360143	531	547	Delphi procedure	T062	C0011216
28360143	553	560	results	T169	C1274040
28360143	566	583	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28360143	622	638	Delphi procedure	T062	C0011216
28360143	652	659	experts	T097	C1611835
28360143	667	672	field	T083	C0017446
28360143	676	692	hamstring injury	T037	C0856356
28360143	693	703	management	T058	C1444493
28360143	719	753	FIFA Medical Centres of Excellence	T073,T093	C0565990
28360143	754	763	worldwide	T098	C2700280
28360143	783	795	Delphi round	T062	C0011216
28360143	811	824	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28360143	829	837	analysis	T062	C0936012
28360143	845	871	anonymised feedback report	T170	C4042923
28360143	884	897	Delphi rounds	T062	C0011216
28360143	943	952	consensus	T054	C0376298
28360143	971	974	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	1010	1016	player	UnknownType	C0682269
28360143	1030	1044	criteria-based	T078	C0243161
28360143	1045	1052	medical	T169	C0205476
28360143	1053	1062	clearance	T080	C0449297
28360143	1070	1084	mentally ready	T033	C0424536
28360143	1094	1106	availability	T169	C0470187
28360143	1111	1126	match selection	T052	C1707391
28360143	1139	1148	training'	T080	C2673163
28360143	1154	1161	experts	T097	C1611835
28360143	1170	1179	consensus	T054	C0376298
28360143	1197	1205	criteria	T078	C0243161
28360143	1209	1216	support	T077	C1521721
28360143	1221	1224	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	1225	1233	decision	T041	C0679006
28360143	1235	1248	medical staff	T097	C0025106
28360143	1249	1258	clearance	T080	C0449297
28360143	1260	1275	absence of pain	T033	C0234225
28360143	1279	1288	palpation	T060	C0030247
28360143	1290	1305	absence of pain	T033	C0234225
28360143	1313	1321	strength	T078	C0808080
28360143	1326	1337	flexibility	T080	C0242808
28360143	1338	1345	testing	T169	C0039593
28360143	1347	1362	absence of pain	T033	C0234225
28360143	1376	1386	functional	T169	C0205245
28360143	1387	1394	testing	T169	C0039593
28360143	1404	1413	hamstring	T023	C0584895
28360143	1414	1425	flexibility	T080	C0242808
28360143	1427	1438	performance	T055	C0597198
28360143	1442	1447	field	T083	C0017446
28360143	1448	1455	testing	T169	C0039593
28360143	1461	1474	psychological	T169	C0205486
28360143	1475	1484	readiness	T033	C1318963
28360143	1510	1513	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	1514	1523	decisions	T041	C0679006
28360143	1550	1565	decision-making	T041	C0011109
28360143	1581	1593	consultation	T058	C0009818
28360143	1603	1610	athlete	T097	C0238703
28360143	1612	1628	sports physician	T097	C1553091
28360143	1630	1645	physiotherapist	T097	C2362565
28360143	1647	1654	fitness	T078	C0031812
28360143	1655	1662	trainer	T073	C0453962
28360143	1667	1677	team coach	UnknownType	C0682272
28360143	1683	1692	consensus	T054	C0376298
28360143	1714	1717	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	1760	1770	assessment	T058	C0031809
28360143	1779	1782	RTP	T080	C4042817
28360143	1804	1820	hamstring injury	T037	C0856356
28360143	1831	1836	avoid	T061	C0509201
28360143	1840	1846	reduce	T080	C0392756
28360143	1851	1855	risk	T078	C0035647
28360143	1859	1865	injury	T037	C0004161
28360143	1866	1876	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28360143	1890	1899	premature	T080	C0205252
28360143	1900	1903	RTP	T080	C4042817

28360224|t|Ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm function in mechanically ventilated patients: comparison to phrenic stimulation and prognostic implications
28360224|a|In intensive care unit (ICU) patients, diaphragm dysfunction is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Ultrasound measurements of diaphragm thickness, excursion (EXdi) and thickening fraction (TFdi) are putative estimators of diaphragm function, but have never been compared with phrenic nerve stimulation. Our aim was to describe the relationship between these variables and diaphragm function evaluated using the change in endotracheal pressure after phrenic nerve stimulation (Ptr,stim), and to compare their prognostic value. Between November 2014 and June 2015, Ptr,stim and ultrasound variables were measured in mechanically ventilated patients <24 hours after intubation (' initiation of mechanical ventilation (MV)', under assist-control ventilation, ACV) and at the time of switch to pressure support ventilation ('switch to PSV '), and compared using Spearman's correlation and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Diaphragm dysfunction was defined as Ptr,stim <11 cm H2O. 112 patients were included. At initiation of MV, Ptr,stim was not correlated to diaphragm thickness (p=0.28), EXdi (p=0.66) or TFdi (p=0.80). At switch to PSV, TFdi and EXdi were respectively very strongly and moderately correlated to Ptr,stim, (r=0.87, p<0.001 and 0.45, p=0.001), but diaphragm thickness was not (p=0.45). A TFdi <29% could reliably identify diaphragm dysfunction (sensitivity and specificity of 85% and 88%), but diaphragm thickness and EXdi could not. This value was associated with increased duration of ICU stay and MV, and mortality. Under ACV, diaphragm thickness, EXdi and TFdi were uncorrelated to Ptr,stim. Under PSV, TFdi was strongly correlated to diaphragm strength and both were predictors of remaining length of MV and ICU and hospital death.
28360224	0	10	Ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28360224	11	21	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28360224	25	43	diaphragm function	T042	C0678866
28360224	47	70	mechanically ventilated	T061	C0199470
28360224	71	79	patients	T101	C0030705
28360224	95	114	phrenic stimulation	T061	C4291858
28360224	119	129	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28360224	146	180	intensive care unit (ICU) patients	T058	C0010337
28360224	182	203	diaphragm dysfunction	T047	C0152097
28360224	223	230	adverse	T046	C0879626
28360224	231	248	clinical outcomes	T169	C1274040
28360224	250	273	Ultrasound measurements	T060	C0430022
28360224	277	286	diaphragm	T023	C0011980
28360224	287	296	thickness	T080	C1280412
28360224	298	307	excursion	T184	C0232086
28360224	309	313	EXdi	T184	C0232086
28360224	319	338	thickening fraction	T033	C0243095
28360224	340	344	TFdi	T033	C0243095
28360224	373	391	diaphragm function	T042	C0678866
28360224	427	452	phrenic nerve stimulation	T061	C4291858
28360224	523	541	diaphragm function	T042	C0678866
28360224	572	593	endotracheal pressure	T033	C0243095
28360224	600	625	phrenic nerve stimulation	T061	C4291858
28360224	627	635	Ptr,stim	T061	C4291858
28360224	659	675	prognostic value	T081	C0449821
28360224	714	722	Ptr,stim	T061	C4291858
28360224	727	737	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28360224	765	788	mechanically ventilated	T061	C0199470
28360224	789	797	patients	T101	C0030705
28360224	814	824	intubation	T061	C0021925
28360224	828	864	initiation of mechanical ventilation	T061	C2065087
28360224	866	868	MV	T061	C2065087
28360224	878	904	assist-control ventilation	T061	C2223981
28360224	906	909	ACV	T061	C2223981
28360224	940	968	pressure support ventilation	T061	C2223980
28360224	981	984	PSV	T061	C2223980
28360224	1008	1030	Spearman's correlation	T170	C0282574
28360224	1035	1083	receiver operating characteristic curve analysis	T081	C0035787
28360224	1085	1106	Diaphragm dysfunction	T047	C0152097
28360224	1122	1130	Ptr,stim	T061	C4291858
28360224	1147	1155	patients	T101	C0030705
28360224	1174	1190	initiation of MV	T061	C2065087
28360224	1192	1200	Ptr,stim	T061	C4291858
28360224	1223	1232	diaphragm	T023	C0011980
28360224	1233	1242	thickness	T080	C1280412
28360224	1253	1257	EXdi	T184	C0232086
28360224	1270	1274	TFdi	T033	C0243095
28360224	1298	1301	PSV	T061	C2223980
28360224	1303	1307	TFdi	T033	C0243095
28360224	1312	1316	EXdi	T184	C0232086
28360224	1378	1386	Ptr,stim	T061	C4291858
28360224	1429	1438	diaphragm	T023	C0011980
28360224	1439	1448	thickness	T080	C1280412
28360224	1469	1473	TFdi	T033	C0243095
28360224	1503	1524	diaphragm dysfunction	T047	C0152097
28360224	1575	1584	diaphragm	T023	C0011980
28360224	1585	1594	thickness	T080	C1280412
28360224	1599	1603	EXdi	T184	C0232086
28360224	1668	1671	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28360224	1672	1676	stay	T079	C3489408
28360224	1681	1683	MV	T061	C0199470
28360224	1689	1698	mortality	T081	C0205848
28360224	1706	1709	ACV	T061	C2223981
28360224	1711	1720	diaphragm	T023	C0011980
28360224	1721	1730	thickness	T080	C1280412
28360224	1732	1736	EXdi	T184	C0232086
28360224	1741	1745	TFdi	T033	C0243095
28360224	1767	1775	Ptr,stim	T061	C4291858
28360224	1783	1786	PSV	T061	C2223980
28360224	1788	1792	TFdi	T033	C0243095
28360224	1820	1829	diaphragm	T023	C0011980
28360224	1830	1838	strength	T042	C0517349
28360224	1887	1889	MV	T061	C2065087
28360224	1894	1897	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28360224	1902	1916	hospital death	T033	C0277608

28360773|t|Spontaneous Ejaculations Associated with Aripiprazole
28360773|a|Sexual side effects are common with antipsychotic use. Spontaneous ejaculations without sexual arousal have been previously described with several typical and atypical antipsychotics. We report the case of a man who had spontaneous ejaculations after stopping risperidone and starting 30 mg/day aripiprazole. Spontaneous ejaculations ceased 3 days after decreasing the aripiprazole dose to 15 mg/day. He denied sexual fantasies or increased sexual desire during the period in which he had spontaneous ejaculations. The partial agonistic effect of aripiprazole on D2 receptors may have augmented the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway, which was suppressed by risperidone, causing spontaneous ejaculations in this patient. Serotoninergic effects of aripiprazole should also be considered. This unusual side effect should be questioned, particularly in patients who recieve aripiprazole after D2-blocking antipsychotics; otherwise, this side effect may cause embarrassement and noncompliance.
28360773	0	11	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28360773	12	24	Ejaculations	T040	C0013746
28360773	25	40	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28360773	41	53	Aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
28360773	54	60	Sexual	T053	C0036864
28360773	61	73	side effects	T046	C0041755
28360773	78	84	common	T081	C0205214
28360773	90	103	antipsychotic	T121	C0040615
28360773	104	107	use	T169	C0457083
28360773	109	120	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28360773	121	133	ejaculations	T040	C0013746
28360773	134	141	without	T080	C0332288
28360773	142	156	sexual arousal	T039	C0233972
28360773	178	187	described	T078	C1552738
28360773	193	200	several	T081	C0443302
28360773	201	208	typical	T080	C3538928
28360773	213	221	atypical	T080	C0205182
28360773	222	236	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
28360773	241	247	report	T170	C0684224
28360773	252	256	case	T169	C0868928
28360773	262	265	man	T098	C0025266
28360773	274	285	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28360773	286	298	ejaculations	T040	C0013746
28360773	305	313	stopping	T079	C0439228
28360773	314	325	risperidone	T109,T121	C0073393
28360773	342	348	mg/day	T081	C0439422
28360773	349	361	aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
28360773	363	374	Spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28360773	375	387	ejaculations	T040	C0013746
28360773	388	394	ceased	T080	C1272693
28360773	397	401	days	T079	C0439228
28360773	408	418	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28360773	423	435	aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
28360773	436	440	dose	T081	C0178602
28360773	447	453	mg/day	T081	C0439422
28360773	458	464	denied	T080	C0332319
28360773	465	481	sexual fantasies	T041	C0872002
28360773	485	508	increased sexual desire	T184	C0021177
28360773	509	515	during	T079	C0347984
28360773	520	526	period	T079	C1948053
28360773	543	554	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28360773	555	567	ejaculations	T040	C0013746
28360773	573	580	partial	T081	C0728938
28360773	581	590	agonistic	T121	C2987634
28360773	591	597	effect	T080	C1280500
28360773	601	613	aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
28360773	617	629	D2 receptors	T116,T192	C0058698
28360773	639	648	augmented	T081	C0205217
28360773	653	676	mesolimbic dopaminergic	T022	C0815276
28360773	677	684	pathway	T044	C1704259
28360773	696	706	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28360773	710	721	risperidone	T109,T121	C0073393
28360773	731	742	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28360773	743	755	ejaculations	T040	C0013746
28360773	764	771	patient	T101	C0030705
28360773	773	795	Serotoninergic effects	T039	C3179161
28360773	799	811	aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
28360773	827	837	considered	T078	C0750591
28360773	844	851	unusual	T080	C2700116
28360773	852	863	side effect	T046	C0041755
28360773	902	910	patients	T101	C0030705
28360773	923	935	aripiprazole	T109,T121	C0299792
28360773	942	953	D2-blocking	T038	C3714634
28360773	954	968	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
28360773	986	997	side effect	T046	C0041755
28360773	1002	1007	cause	T169	C0678227
28360773	1008	1022	embarrassement	T041	C0679112
28360773	1027	1040	noncompliance	T033	C0243095

28360843|t|MagR Alone Is Insufficient to Confer Cellular Calcium Responses to Magnetic Stimulation
28360843|a|Magnetic manipulation of cell activity offers advantages over optical manipulation but an ideal tool remains elusive. The MagR protein was found through its interaction with cryptochrome (Cry) and the protein in solution appeared to respond to magnetic stimulation (MS). After we initiated an investigation on the specific role of MagR in cellular response to MS, a subsequent study claimed that MagR expression alone could achieve cellular activation by MS. Here we report that despite systematically testing different ways of measuring intracellular calcium and different MS protocols, it was not possible to detect any cellular or neuronal responses to MS in MagR - expressing HEK cells or primary neurons from the dorsal root ganglion and the hippocampus. By contrast, in neurons co-expressing MagR and channelrhodopin, optical but not MS increased calcium influx in hippocampal neurons. Our results indicate that MagR alone is not sufficient to confer cellular magnetic responses.
28360843	0	4	MagR	T116,T123	C0033684
28360843	14	26	Insufficient	T080	C0231180
28360843	37	63	Cellular Calcium Responses	T043	C2754478
28360843	67	75	Magnetic	T070	C0563532
28360843	76	87	Stimulation	T061	C1292856
28360843	88	96	Magnetic	T070	C0563532
28360843	97	109	manipulation	T061	C0947647
28360843	113	126	cell activity	T043	C0007613
28360843	134	144	advantages	T081	C0814225
28360843	150	170	optical manipulation	T061	C0947647
28360843	210	222	MagR protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28360843	245	256	interaction	T044	C0872079
28360843	262	274	cryptochrome	T116,T123	C2717939
28360843	276	279	Cry	T116,T123	C2717939
28360843	289	296	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28360843	300	308	solution	T167	C0037633
28360843	321	328	respond	T032	C0871261
28360843	332	340	magnetic	T070	C0563532
28360843	341	352	stimulation	T061	C1292856
28360843	354	356	MS	T061	C1292856
28360843	381	394	investigation	T058	C0220825
28360843	411	415	role	T077	C1705810
28360843	419	423	MagR	T116,T123	C0033684
28360843	427	444	cellular response	T043	C2754478
28360843	448	450	MS	T061	C1292856
28360843	465	470	study	T062	C2603343
28360843	484	488	MagR	T116,T123	C0033684
28360843	489	499	expression	T045	C1171362
28360843	520	539	cellular activation	T043	C1326120
28360843	543	545	MS	T061	C1292856
28360843	575	589	systematically	T169	C0220922
28360843	590	597	testing	T169	C0039593
28360843	616	625	measuring	T080	C0444706
28360843	626	639	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28360843	640	647	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28360843	662	664	MS	T061	C1292856
28360843	665	674	protocols	T170	C0442711
28360843	699	705	detect	T033	C0442726
28360843	710	718	cellular	T025	C0007634
28360843	722	730	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28360843	731	740	responses	T032	C0871261
28360843	744	746	MS	T061	C1292856
28360843	750	754	MagR	T116,T123	C0033684
28360843	757	767	expressing	T045	C1171362
28360843	768	777	HEK cells	T025	C2936239
28360843	781	788	primary	T080	C0205225
28360843	789	796	neurons	T025	C0027882
28360843	806	812	dorsal	T082	C0205095
28360843	813	826	root ganglion	T023	C0017070
28360843	835	846	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28360843	864	871	neurons	T025	C0027882
28360843	872	885	co-expressing	T045	C1171362
28360843	886	890	MagR	T116,T123	C0033684
28360843	895	910	channelrhodopin	T116,T123	C3253054
28360843	912	919	optical	T061	C1292856
28360843	928	930	MS	T061	C1292856
28360843	931	940	increased	T081	C0205217
28360843	941	955	calcium influx	T043	C3158761
28360843	959	970	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28360843	971	978	neurons	T025	C0027882
28360843	1006	1010	MagR	T116,T123	C0033684
28360843	1020	1034	not sufficient	T080	C0231180
28360843	1045	1053	cellular	T025	C0007634
28360843	1054	1072	magnetic responses	T040	C2754103

28360979|t|Shift Work Is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Young Female Korean Workers
28360979|a|Shift work is associated with health problems, including metabolic syndrome. This study investigated the association between shift work and metabolic syndrome in young workers. A total of 3,317 subjects aged 20-40 years enrolled in the 2011-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were divided into shift and day workers. We conducted a cross-sectional study and calculated odds ratios using multivariate logistic regression analysis in order to examine the association between shift work and metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 14.3% and 7.1% among male and female shift workers, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, shift work was associated with metabolic syndrome in female workers (odds ratio, 2.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 5.70). Shift work was associated with metabolic syndrome in young women. Timely efforts are necessary to manage metabolic syndrome in the workplace.
28360979	0	10	Shift Work	T090	C1658633
28360979	14	29	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28360979	30	48	Metabolic Syndrome	T047	C0524620
28360979	52	57	Young	T079	C0332239
28360979	58	64	Female	T032	C0086287
28360979	65	71	Korean	T098	C1556095
28360979	72	79	Workers	T090	C1306056
28360979	80	90	Shift work	T090	C1658633
28360979	94	109	associated with	T080	C0332281
28360979	110	125	health problems	T078	C0021788
28360979	137	155	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
28360979	162	167	study	T062	C2603343
28360979	185	196	association	T080	C0439849
28360979	205	215	shift work	T090	C1658633
28360979	220	238	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
28360979	242	247	young	T079	C0332239
28360979	248	255	workers	T090	C1306056
28360979	274	282	subjects	T098	C0080105
28360979	326	332	Korean	T098	C1556095
28360979	333	381	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0376344
28360979	400	405	shift	T033	C0425104
28360979	410	421	day workers	T033	C4316562
28360979	438	459	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28360979	464	474	calculated	T169	C0444686
28360979	475	486	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28360979	493	505	multivariate	T081	C0026777
28360979	506	534	logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28360979	547	554	examine	T033	C0332128
28360979	559	570	association	T080	C0439849
28360979	579	589	shift work	T090	C1658633
28360979	594	612	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
28360979	618	628	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28360979	632	650	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
28360979	676	680	male	T032	C0086582
28360979	685	691	female	T032	C0086287
28360979	692	705	shift workers	T033	C0425104
28360979	741	760	confounding factors	T169	C0009673
28360979	762	772	shift work	T090	C1658633
28360979	777	792	associated with	T080	C0332281
28360979	793	811	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
28360979	815	821	female	T032	C0086287
28360979	822	829	workers	T090	C1306056
28360979	831	841	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28360979	853	872	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28360979	889	899	Shift work	T090	C1658633
28360979	904	919	associated with	T080	C0332281
28360979	920	938	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
28360979	942	947	young	T079	C0332239
28360979	948	953	women	T098	C0043210
28360979	987	993	manage	T058	C0184516
28360979	994	1012	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0524620
28360979	1020	1029	workplace	T082	C0162579

28361121|t|A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Data Behind Current Recommendations for Corticosteroids in Non-HIV-Related PCP: Knowing When You Are on Shaky Foundations
28361121|a|Randomized trials show a mortality benefit to adjunctive corticosteroids for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (HIV - PCP). Guidelines for non-HIV PCP (NH-PCP) recommend adjunctive corticosteroids based on expert opinion. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis characterizing adjunctive corticosteroids for NH-PCP. We searched MEDLINE from 1966 through 2015. Data on clinical outcomes from NH-PCP were extracted with a standardized instrument. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I(2) index. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a fixed effects model. Our search yielded 5044 abstracts, 277 articles were chosen for full review, and 6 articles described outcomes in moderate to severe NH-PCP. Studies were limited by variable definitions, treatment selection bias, concomitant infections and small sample size. Individual studies reported shorter intensive care unit stay and duration of mechanical ventilation of patients given adjunctive corticosteroids. There was no association between corticosteroids and survival in NH-PCP (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-1.15; P = 0.14). The literature does not support an association between adjunctive corticosteroids and survival from NH-PCP but data are limited and findings should not be considered conclusive. Further research with improved methodology is needed to better understand the role of adjunctive corticosteroids for NH-PCP.
28361121	2	19	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
28361121	24	37	Meta-Analysis	T170	C0282458
28361121	45	49	Data	T078	C1511726
28361121	65	80	Recommendations	T078	C0034866
28361121	85	100	Corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28361121	104	123	Non-HIV-Related PCP	T047	C1535939
28361121	167	184	Randomized trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28361121	192	201	mortality	T081	C0205848
28361121	202	209	benefit	T081	C0814225
28361121	213	239	adjunctive corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28361121	244	272	human immunodeficiency virus	T005	C0019682
28361121	274	277	HIV	T005	C0019682
28361121	287	318	Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia	T047	C1535939
28361121	320	323	HIV	T005	C0019682
28361121	326	329	PCP	T047	C1535939
28361121	332	342	Guidelines	T170	C0162791
28361121	347	358	non-HIV PCP	T047	C1535939
28361121	360	366	NH-PCP	T047	C1535939
28361121	378	404	adjunctive corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28361121	414	428	expert opinion	T077	C0600219
28361121	445	462	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28361121	467	480	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
28361121	496	522	adjunctive corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28361121	527	533	NH-PCP	T047	C1535939
28361121	547	554	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28361121	579	583	Data	T078	C1511726
28361121	587	595	clinical	T080	C0205210
28361121	596	604	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28361121	610	616	NH-PCP	T047	C1535939
28361121	639	662	standardized instrument	T058	C1255665
28361121	664	677	Heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28361121	700	710	I(2) index	T170	C0918012
28361121	719	730	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28361121	739	758	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28361121	783	802	fixed effects model	T081,T170	C0026348
28361121	828	837	abstracts	T170	C0600678
28361121	843	851	articles	T170	C0282420
28361121	857	863	chosen	T052	C1707391
28361121	873	879	review	T169	C0699752
28361121	887	895	articles	T170	C0282420
28361121	906	914	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28361121	937	943	NH-PCP	T047	C1535939
28361121	945	952	Studies	T062	C2603343
28361121	991	1000	treatment	T061	C0087111
28361121	1001	1015	selection bias	T081	C0036577
28361121	1017	1028	concomitant	T079	C0521115
28361121	1029	1039	infections	T046	C3714514
28361121	1044	1049	small	T081	C0700321
28361121	1050	1061	sample size	T081	C0242618
28361121	1063	1073	Individual	T098	C0237401
28361121	1074	1081	studies	T062	C2603343
28361121	1099	1118	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
28361121	1119	1123	stay	T079	C3489408
28361121	1128	1136	duration	T079	C0449238
28361121	1140	1162	mechanical ventilation	T061	C0199470
28361121	1166	1174	patients	T101	C0030705
28361121	1181	1207	adjunctive corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28361121	1242	1257	corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28361121	1262	1270	survival	T052	C0038952
28361121	1274	1280	NH-PCP	T047	C1535939
28361121	1282	1292	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28361121	1304	1323	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28361121	1351	1361	literature	T073,T170	C0034036
28361121	1402	1428	adjunctive corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28361121	1433	1441	survival	T052	C0038952
28361121	1447	1453	NH-PCP	T047	C1535939
28361121	1458	1462	data	T078	C1511726
28361121	1467	1474	limited	T169	C0439801
28361121	1513	1523	conclusive	T080	C2828146
28361121	1533	1541	research	T062	C0035168
28361121	1556	1567	methodology	T078	C3266812
28361121	1611	1637	adjunctive corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28361121	1642	1648	NH-PCP	T047	C1535939

28361230|t|Acute kidney injury and fluid overload in infants and children after cardiac surgery
28361230|a|Acute kidney injury is a common and serious complication after congenital heart surgery, particularly among infants. This comorbidity has been independently associated with adverse outcomes including an increase in mortality. Postoperative acute kidney injury has a complex pathophysiology with many risk factors, and therefore no single medication or therapy has been demonstrated to be effective for treatment or prevention. However, it has been established that the associated fluid overload is one of the major determinants of morbidity, particularly in infants after cardiac surgery. Therefore, in the absence of an intervention to prevent acute kidney injury, much of the effort to improve outcomes has focused on treating and preventing fluid overload. Early renal replacement therapy, often in the form of peritoneal dialysis, has been shown to be safe and beneficial in infants with oliguria after heart surgery. As understanding of the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury and the ability to confidently diagnose it earlier continues to evolve, it is likely that novel preventative and therapeutic interventions will be available in the future.
28361230	0	19	Acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28361230	24	38	fluid overload	T047	C0546817
28361230	42	49	infants	T100	C0021270
28361230	54	62	children	T100	C0008059
28361230	69	84	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
28361230	85	104	Acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28361230	121	128	serious	T080	C0205404
28361230	129	141	complication	T046	C0009566
28361230	148	172	congenital heart surgery	T061	C2037615
28361230	193	200	infants	T100	C0021270
28361230	207	218	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28361230	242	257	associated with	T080	C0332281
28361230	258	274	adverse outcomes	T046	C0879626
28361230	288	296	increase	T169	C0442805
28361230	300	309	mortality	T081	C0178686
28361230	311	324	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
28361230	325	344	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28361230	359	374	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28361230	385	397	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28361230	413	433	no single medication	T033	C0746919
28361230	437	444	therapy	T033	C0746919
28361230	473	482	effective	T080	C1704419
28361230	487	496	treatment	T061	C0087111
28361230	500	510	prevention	T080	C2700409
28361230	565	579	fluid overload	T047	C0546817
28361230	600	612	determinants	T169	C1521761
28361230	616	625	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28361230	643	650	infants	T100	C0021270
28361230	657	672	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
28361230	692	699	absence	T169	C0332197
28361230	706	718	intervention	T061	C0184661
28361230	730	749	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28361230	773	780	improve	T080	C1272747
28361230	781	789	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28361230	805	813	treating	T169	C0039798
28361230	818	828	preventing	T080	C2700409
28361230	829	843	fluid overload	T047	C0546817
28361230	845	850	Early	T079	C1279919
28361230	851	876	renal replacement therapy	T061	C0206074
28361230	899	918	peritoneal dialysis	T061	C0031139
28361230	941	945	safe	T068	C0036043
28361230	950	960	beneficial	T081	C0814225
28361230	964	971	infants	T100	C0021270
28361230	977	985	oliguria	T047	C0028961
28361230	992	1005	heart surgery	T061	C0018821
28361230	1031	1046	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28361230	1050	1069	acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28361230	1101	1109	diagnose	T033	C0011900
28361230	1166	1178	preventative	T080	C2700409
28361230	1183	1208	therapeutic interventions	T061	C0808232

28361288|t|Evolution of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza: sequence data indicate stepwise changes in the cleavage site
28361288|a|The genetic composition of an H5 subtype hemagglutinin gene quasispecies, obtained from ostrich tissues that had been infected with H5 subtype influenza virus was analysed using a next generation sequencing approach. The first evidence for the reiterative copying of a poly (U) stretch in the connecting peptide region in the haemagglutinin cleavage site (HACS) by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is provided. Multiple non-consensus species of RNA were detected in the infected host, corresponding to likely intermediate sequences between the putative low pathogenic precursor nucleotide sequence of the H5 influenza strain and the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus gene sequence. In silico analysis of the identified RNA sequences predicted that the intermediary H5 sequence PQREKRGLF plays an important role in subsequent mutational events that relocate the HACS coding region from stable base-paired RNA regions to a single-stranded bulge, thereby priming the connecting peptide coding region for RdRp slippage.
28361288	0	9	Evolution	T045	C0015219
28361288	13	49	H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza	T005	C2959999
28361288	51	59	sequence	T086	C0004793
28361288	60	64	data	T078	C1511726
28361288	65	73	indicate	T078	C0392360
28361288	74	90	stepwise changes	T169	C0392747
28361288	98	111	cleavage site	T086	C0004793
28361288	116	123	genetic	T169	C0314603
28361288	124	135	composition	T081	C0392762
28361288	142	171	H5 subtype hemagglutinin gene	T028	C0017337
28361288	172	184	quasispecies	T005	C0042776
28361288	186	194	obtained	T169	C1301820
28361288	200	207	ostrich	T012	C0325336
28361288	208	215	tissues	T024	C0040300
28361288	230	238	infected	T046	C3714514
28361288	244	270	H5 subtype influenza virus	T005	C2959999
28361288	275	283	analysed	T169	C1524024
28361288	292	327	next generation sequencing approach	T063	C2936622
28361288	339	347	evidence	T078	C3887511
28361288	356	367	reiterative	T169	C0205341
28361288	368	375	copying	T169	C0205245
28361288	381	397	poly (U) stretch	T086	C0004793
28361288	416	430	peptide region	T087	C0920679
28361288	438	466	haemagglutinin cleavage site	T086	C0004793
28361288	468	472	HACS	T086	C0004793
28361288	481	515	viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase	T116,T126	C0035685
28361288	517	521	RdRp	T116,T126	C0035685
28361288	536	544	Multiple	T081	C0439064
28361288	545	566	non-consensus species	T086	C0004793
28361288	570	573	RNA	T114	C0035668
28361288	579	587	detected	T033	C0442726
28361288	595	603	infected	T046	C3714514
28361288	604	608	host	T001	C1167395
28361288	634	656	intermediate sequences	T086	C0004793
28361288	678	681	low	T080	C0205251
28361288	682	702	pathogenic precursor	T001	C0450254
28361288	703	722	nucleotide sequence	T086	C0004793
28361288	730	749	H5 influenza strain	T005	C2959999
28361288	758	797	highly pathogenic avian influenza virus	T005	C2959999
28361288	798	811	gene sequence	T028	C0017337
28361288	813	822	In silico	T066	C3489666
28361288	823	831	analysis	T062	C0936012
28361288	839	849	identified	T080	C0205396
28361288	850	863	RNA sequences	T086	C0162327
28361288	896	917	H5 sequence PQREKRGLF	T086	C0004793
28361288	945	955	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28361288	956	973	mutational events	T045	C0026882
28361288	992	996	HACS	T086	C0004793
28361288	997	1010	coding region	T028	C0079941
28361288	1016	1022	stable	T080	C0205360
28361288	1023	1038	base-paired RNA	T114	C0035668
28361288	1052	1073	single-stranded bulge	T114	C1254348
28361288	1083	1090	priming	T169	C0871133
28361288	1106	1113	peptide	T116	C0030956
28361288	1114	1127	coding region	T028	C0079941
28361288	1132	1136	RdRp	T116,T126	C0035685
28361288	1137	1145	slippage	T067	C1254366

28361307|t|Generation of a Three-Dimensional Retinal Tissue from Self-Organizing Human ESC Culture
28361307|a|A three-dimensional (3D) tissue generated in vitro is a promising source to study developmental biology and regenerative medicine. In the last decade, Yoshiki Sasai's group have developed a 3D stem cell culture technique known as SFEBq and demonstrated that embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have an ability to self-organize stratified neural tissue including 3D - retina. Furthermore, we have reported that ESC-derived retinal tissue can form an optic cup and a ciliary margin, which are unique structures in the developing retina. In this review, we focus on self-organizing culture technique to generate 3D - retina from human ESCs.
28361307	0	10	Generation	T052	C3146294
28361307	16	33	Three-Dimensional	T082	C0450363
28361307	34	41	Retinal	T023	C0035298
28361307	42	48	Tissue	T024	C0040300
28361307	54	69	Self-Organizing	T038	C3714634
28361307	70	79	Human ESC	T025	C1171346
28361307	80	87	Culture	T130	C0010454
28361307	90	107	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28361307	109	111	3D	T082	C0450363
28361307	113	119	tissue	T024	C0040300
28361307	120	129	generated	T052	C3146294
28361307	130	138	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28361307	144	160	promising source	T033	C0449416
28361307	164	169	study	T062	C2603343
28361307	170	191	developmental biology	T090	C0011756
28361307	196	217	regenerative medicine	T091	C1257974
28361307	231	237	decade	T081	C2981279
28361307	239	260	Yoshiki Sasai's group	T078	C0441833
28361307	266	275	developed	T169	C1527148
28361307	278	280	3D	T082	C0450363
28361307	281	290	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28361307	291	308	culture technique	T059	C0007585
28361307	318	323	SFEBq	T059	C0007585
28361307	346	366	embryonic stem cells	T025	C1171346
28361307	368	372	ESCs	T025	C1171346
28361307	382	389	ability	T032	C0085732
28361307	393	406	self-organize	T038	C3714634
28361307	407	417	stratified	T080	C0205363
28361307	418	431	neural tissue	T024	C0027757
28361307	442	444	3D	T082	C0450363
28361307	447	453	retina	T023	C0035298
28361307	490	501	ESC-derived	T025	C1171346
28361307	502	509	retinal	T023	C0035298
28361307	510	516	tissue	T024	C0040300
28361307	529	538	optic cup	T018	C0231109
28361307	545	559	ciliary margin	T029	C0229177
28361307	571	588	unique structures	T082	C0678594
28361307	596	606	developing	T169	C0205245
28361307	607	613	retina	T023	C0035298
28361307	643	658	self-organizing	T038	C3714634
28361307	659	676	culture technique	T059	C0007585
28361307	680	688	generate	T052	C3146294
28361307	689	691	3D	T082	C0450363
28361307	694	700	retina	T023	C0035298
28361307	706	716	human ESCs	T025	C1171346

28362102|t|Systems Toxicology: Real World Applications and Opportunities
28362102|a|Systems Toxicology aims to change the basis of how adverse biological effects of xenobiotics are characterized from empirical end points to describing modes of action as adverse outcome pathways and perturbed networks. Toward this aim, Systems Toxicology entails the integration of in vitro and in vivo toxicity data with computational modeling. This evolving approach depends critically on data reliability and relevance, which in turn depends on the quality of experimental models and bioanalysis techniques used to generate toxicological data. Systems Toxicology involves the use of large-scale data streams ("big data "), such as those derived from omics measurements that require computational means for obtaining informative results. Thus, integrative analysis of multiple molecular measurements, particularly acquired by omics strategies, is a key approach in Systems Toxicology. In recent years, there have been significant advances centered on in vitro test systems and bioanalytical strategies, yet a frontier challenge concerns linking observed network perturbations to phenotypes, which will require understanding pathways and networks that give rise to adverse responses. This summary perspective from a 2016 Systems Toxicology meeting, an international conference held in the Alps of Switzerland, describes the limitations and opportunities of selected emerging applications in this rapidly advancing field. Systems Toxicology aims to change the basis of how adverse biological effects of xenobiotics are characterized, from empirical end points to pathways of toxicity. This requires the integration of in vitro and in vivo data with computational modeling. Test systems and bioanalytical technologies have made significant advances, but ensuring data reliability and relevance is an ongoing concern. The major challenge facing the new pathway approach is determining how to link observed network perturbations to phenotypic toxicity.
28362102	0	7	Systems	T169	C0449913
28362102	8	18	Toxicology	T091	C0040541
28362102	25	30	World	T098	C2700280
28362102	31	43	Applications	T169	C0205245
28362102	48	61	Opportunities	T078	C1254370
28362102	62	69	Systems	T169	C0449913
28362102	70	80	Toxicology	T091	C0040541
28362102	113	139	adverse biological effects	T169	C0001688
28362102	143	154	xenobiotics	T123,T131	C0043335
28362102	159	172	characterized	T052	C1880022
28362102	178	187	empirical	T080	C1880496
28362102	188	198	end points	T080	C2349179
28362102	213	218	modes	T169	C1513371
28362102	222	228	action	T052	C3266814
28362102	232	239	adverse	T169	C0001688
28362102	240	247	outcome	T169	C1274040
28362102	248	256	pathways	T077	C1705987
28362102	261	279	perturbed networks	T169	C1882071
28362102	298	305	Systems	T169	C0449913
28362102	306	316	Toxicology	T091	C0040541
28362102	329	340	integration	T066	C1705422
28362102	344	352	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28362102	357	364	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28362102	365	373	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28362102	374	378	data	T078	C1511726
28362102	384	406	computational modeling	T066	C0009609
28362102	422	430	approach	T169	C1292724
28362102	453	457	data	T078	C1511726
28362102	458	469	reliability	T081	C2347947
28362102	474	483	relevance	T080	C2347946
28362102	514	521	quality	T080	C0332306
28362102	525	544	experimental models	T170	C0086272
28362102	549	571	bioanalysis techniques	T062	C0242481
28362102	589	602	toxicological	T169	C0205472
28362102	603	607	data	T078	C1511726
28362102	609	616	Systems	T169	C0449913
28362102	617	627	Toxicology	T091	C0040541
28362102	660	672	data streams	T170	C0150098
28362102	679	683	data	T078	C1511726
28362102	715	733	omics measurements	T062	C0242481
28362102	747	760	computational	T052	C1880157
28362102	781	792	informative	T080	C2986490
28362102	793	800	results	T169	C1274040
28362102	808	828	integrative analysis	T062	C0936012
28362102	832	840	multiple	T081	C0439064
28362102	841	863	molecular measurements	T169	C0242485
28362102	890	906	omics strategies	T059	C0022885
28362102	917	925	approach	T169	C1292724
28362102	929	936	Systems	T169	C0449913
28362102	937	947	Toxicology	T091	C0040541
28362102	1015	1023	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28362102	1041	1065	bioanalytical strategies	T059	C0022885
28362102	1101	1108	linking	T169	C0205245
28362102	1118	1125	network	T169	C1882071
28362102	1126	1139	perturbations	T169	C0332453
28362102	1143	1153	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28362102	1188	1196	pathways	T077	C1705987
28362102	1201	1209	networks	T169	C1882071
28362102	1228	1245	adverse responses	T169	C0001688
28362102	1252	1259	summary	T170	C1552616
28362102	1284	1291	Systems	T169	C0449913
28362102	1292	1302	Toxicology	T091	C0040541
28362102	1303	1310	meeting	T052	C0556656
28362102	1315	1339	international conference	T068	C0086047
28362102	1352	1356	Alps	T083	C0017446
28362102	1360	1371	Switzerland	T083	C0039021
28362102	1387	1398	limitations	T169	C0449295
28362102	1403	1416	opportunities	T078	C1254370
28362102	1438	1450	applications	T169	C0205245
28362102	1484	1491	Systems	T169	C0449913
28362102	1492	1502	Toxicology	T091	C0040541
28362102	1535	1561	adverse biological effects	T169	C0001688
28362102	1565	1576	xenobiotics	T123,T131	C0043335
28362102	1581	1594	characterized	T052	C1880022
28362102	1601	1610	empirical	T080	C1880496
28362102	1611	1621	end points	T080	C2349179
28362102	1625	1633	pathways	T077	C1705987
28362102	1637	1645	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28362102	1665	1676	integration	T066	C1705422
28362102	1680	1688	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28362102	1693	1700	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28362102	1701	1705	data	T078	C1511726
28362102	1711	1733	computational modeling	T066	C0009609
28362102	1752	1778	bioanalytical technologies	T059	C0022885
28362102	1824	1828	data	T078	C1511726
28362102	1829	1840	reliability	T081	C2347947
28362102	1845	1854	relevance	T080	C2347946
28362102	1913	1920	pathway	T077	C1705987
28362102	1921	1929	approach	T169	C1292724
28362102	1952	1956	link	T169	C0205245
28362102	1966	1973	network	T169	C1882071
28362102	1974	1987	perturbations	T169	C0332453
28362102	1991	2001	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28362102	2002	2010	toxicity	T037	C0600688

28362386|t|In Vitro Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells into Trophoblastic Cells
28362386|a|The placenta is the first organ to develop during embryogenesis and is required for the survival of the developing embryo. The placenta is comprised of various trophoblastic cells that differentiate from the extra-embryonic trophectoderm cells of the preimplantation blastocyst. As such, our understanding of the early differentiation events of the human placenta is limited because of ethical and legal restrictions on the isolation and manipulation of human embryogenesis. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a robust model system for investigating human development and can also be differentiated in vitro into trophoblastic cells that express markers of the various trophoblast cell types. Here, we present a detailed protocol for differentiating hPSCs into trophoblastic cells using bone morphogenic protein 4 and inhibitors of the Activin / Nodal signaling pathways. This protocol generates various trophoblast cell types that can be transfected with siRNAs for investigating loss-of-function phenotypes or can be infected with pathogens. Additionally, hPSCs can be genetically modified and then differentiated into trophoblast progenitors for gain-of-function analyses. This in vitro differentiation method for generating human trophoblasts starting from hPSCs overcomes the ethical and legal restrictions of working with early human embryos, and this system can be used for a variety of applications, including drug discovery and stem cell research.
28362386	0	8	In Vitro	T080	C1533691
28362386	9	24	Differentiation	T043	C0007589
28362386	28	33	Human	T016	C0086418
28362386	34	56	Pluripotent Stem Cells	T025	C0872076
28362386	62	81	Trophoblastic Cells	T025	C1519658
28362386	86	94	placenta	T018	C0032043
28362386	108	113	organ	T023	C0178784
28362386	132	145	embryogenesis	T042	C0013936
28362386	170	178	survival	T052	C0038952
28362386	197	203	embryo	T018	C0013935
28362386	209	217	placenta	T018	C0032043
28362386	242	261	trophoblastic cells	T025	C1519658
28362386	267	280	differentiate	T043	C0007589
28362386	290	325	extra-embryonic trophectoderm cells	T043	C1326118
28362386	333	348	preimplantation	T039	C1446949
28362386	349	359	blastocyst	T018	C1281743
28362386	401	423	differentiation events	T043	C0007589
28362386	431	436	human	T016	C0086418
28362386	437	445	placenta	T018	C0032043
28362386	506	515	isolation	T061	C0204727
28362386	520	532	manipulation	T061	C0947647
28362386	536	541	human	T016	C0086418
28362386	542	555	embryogenesis	T042	C0013936
28362386	557	585	Human pluripotent stem cells	T025	C0872076
28362386	587	592	hPSCs	T025	C0872076
28362386	607	619	model system	T170	C3161035
28362386	638	655	human development	T039	C0020119
28362386	672	686	differentiated	T043	C0007589
28362386	687	695	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28362386	701	720	trophoblastic cells	T025	C1519658
28362386	757	768	trophoblast	T025	C1519658
28362386	769	779	cell types	T025	C0007634
28362386	822	837	differentiating	T043	C0007589
28362386	838	843	hPSCs	T025	C0872076
28362386	849	868	trophoblastic cells	T025	C1519658
28362386	875	901	bone morphogenic protein 4	T116,T123	C0033684
28362386	906	916	inhibitors	T080	C1999216
28362386	924	931	Activin	T116,T125	C0050668
28362386	934	958	Nodal signaling pathways	T044	C3271798
28362386	992	1003	trophoblast	T025	C1519658
28362386	1004	1014	cell types	T025	C0007634
28362386	1027	1038	transfected	T063	C0040669
28362386	1044	1050	siRNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
28362386	1086	1096	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28362386	1107	1115	infected	T033	C0439663
28362386	1121	1130	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28362386	1146	1151	hPSCs	T025	C0872076
28362386	1189	1203	differentiated	T043	C0007589
28362386	1209	1220	trophoblast	T018	C0041178
28362386	1221	1232	progenitors	T025	C0038250
28362386	1269	1277	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28362386	1278	1300	differentiation method	T043	C0007589
28362386	1316	1321	human	T016	C0086418
28362386	1322	1334	trophoblasts	T018	C0041178
28362386	1349	1354	hPSCs	T025	C0872076
28362386	1387	1399	restrictions	T169	C0443288
28362386	1422	1427	human	T016	C0086418
28362386	1428	1435	embryos	T018	C0013935
28362386	1506	1520	drug discovery	T062	C0920472
28362386	1525	1543	stem cell research	T062	C1514966

28362410|t|Evaluation of Drug Sorption to PVC - and Non-PVC -based Tubes in Administration Sets Using a Pump
28362410|a|Administration sets are delivery tools for the direct application of drugs into the body and are composed of a spike, a drip chamber, tubes, Luer adapters (connectors), a needle cover for protection, and other accessories. Drug sorption to tubes of administration sets is a critical issue in terms of safety and efficacy. Although drug sorption is an important factor in the quality of an administration set, there are no standard evaluation methods for the regulation of drug sorption to the tubes. Here, we describe an evaluation protocol for drug sorption to tubes of administration sets. Tubes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)- and non-PVC -based polymeric materials were cut to 1 m in length. Diazepam and tacrolimus were used as model drugs. In the kinetic sorption study, we selected the drug concentration and flow rate based on the clinical usage of these drugs. After the dilution of each drug in a glass bottle, the diluted drug solution was delivered through tubes of administration sets using a pump. Samples were collected in amber vials at appropriate time points and the drugs were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Drug concentrations and sorption levels to tubes of the administration sets were calculated. Acceptable criteria to ensure the quality of administration sets are recommended.
28362410	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28362410	14	27	Drug Sorption	T067	C2347080
28362410	31	34	PVC	T109,T122	C0032624
28362410	41	48	Non-PVC	T104	C1254350
28362410	56	61	Tubes	T074	C0175730
28362410	65	84	Administration Sets	T074	C0725057
28362410	93	97	Pump	T074	C0182537
28362410	98	117	Administration sets	T074	C0725057
28362410	122	136	delivery tools	T122	C1713964
28362410	167	172	drugs	T121	C0013227
28362410	182	186	body	T016	C0242821
28362410	209	214	spike	T074	C0025080
28362410	218	230	drip chamber	T074	C0025080
28362410	232	237	tubes	T074	C0175730
28362410	239	252	Luer adapters	T074	C0771333
28362410	254	264	connectors	T073	C0725704
28362410	269	281	needle cover	T074	C0025080
28362410	321	334	Drug sorption	T067	C2347080
28362410	338	343	tubes	T074	C0175730
28362410	347	366	administration sets	T074	C0725057
28362410	429	442	drug sorption	T067	C2347080
28362410	473	480	quality	T080	C0332306
28362410	487	505	administration set	T074	C0725057
28362410	529	547	evaluation methods	T062	C2911685
28362410	570	583	drug sorption	T067	C2347080
28362410	591	596	tubes	T074	C0175730
28362410	619	629	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28362410	630	638	protocol	T170	C0442711
28362410	643	656	drug sorption	T067	C2347080
28362410	660	665	tubes	T074	C0175730
28362410	669	688	administration sets	T074	C0725057
28362410	690	695	Tubes	T074	C0175730
28362410	704	722	polyvinyl chloride	T109,T122	C0032624
28362410	724	727	PVC	T109,T122	C0032624
28362410	734	741	non-PVC	T104	C1254350
28362410	749	768	polymeric materials	T167	C0520510
28362410	796	804	Diazepam	T109,T121	C0012010
28362410	809	819	tacrolimus	T109,T121	C0085149
28362410	839	844	drugs	T121	C0013227
28362410	853	875	kinetic sorption study	T062	C2603343
28362410	893	911	drug concentration	T081	C0678756
28362410	916	925	flow rate	T081	C2826285
28362410	963	968	drugs	T121	C0013227
28362410	980	988	dilution	T059	C0079240
28362410	997	1001	drug	T121	C0013227
28362410	1007	1019	glass bottle	T073	C1706049
28362410	1033	1046	drug solution	T122	C0525069
28362410	1069	1074	tubes	T074	C0175730
28362410	1078	1097	administration sets	T074	C0725057
28362410	1106	1110	pump	T074	C0182537
28362410	1138	1149	amber vials	T074	C2726727
28362410	1185	1190	drugs	T121	C0013227
28362410	1211	1249	high-performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562
28362410	1251	1270	Drug concentrations	T081	C0678756
28362410	1275	1283	sorption	T067	C2347080
28362410	1294	1299	tubes	T074	C0175730
28362410	1307	1326	administration sets	T074	C0725057
28362410	1378	1385	quality	T080	C0332306
28362410	1389	1408	administration sets	T074	C0725057

28362864|t|Epidemiological study of relapsing fever borreliae detected in Haemaphysalis ticks and wild animals in the western part of Japan
28362864|a|The genus Borrelia comprises arthropod-borne bacteria, which are infectious agents in vertebrates. They are mainly transmitted by ixodid or argasid ticks. In Hokkaido, Japan, Borrelia spp. were found in deer and Haemaphysalis ticks between 2011 and 2013; however, the study was limited to a particular area. Therefore, in the present study, we conducted large-scale surveillance of ticks and wild animals in the western part of the main island of Japan. We collected 6,407 host-seeking ticks from two regions and 1,598 larvae obtained from 32 engorged female ticks and examined them to elucidate transovarial transmission. In addition, we examined whole blood samples from 190 wild boars and 276 sika deer, as well as sera from 120 wild raccoons. We detected Borrelia spp. in Haemaphysalis flava, Haemaphysalis megaspinosa, Haemaphysalis kitaokai, Haemaphysalis longicornis, and Haemaphysalis formosensis. In addition, we isolated a strain from H. megaspinosa using Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium. The minimum infection rate of ticks was less than 5%. Transovarial transmission was observed in H. kitaokai. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolated strain and DNA fragments amplified from ticks identified at least four bacterial genotypes, which corresponded to the tick species detected. Bacteria were detected in 8.4%, 15%, and 0.8% of wild boars, sika deer, and raccoons, respectively. In this study, we found seasonal differences in the prevalence of bacterial genotypes in sika deer during the winter and summer. The tick activity season corresponds to the season with a high prevalence of animals. The present study suggests that a particular bacterial genotype detected in this study are defined by a particular tick species in which they are present.
28362864	0	21	Epidemiological study	T062	C0002783
28362864	25	40	relapsing fever	T047	C0035021
28362864	41	50	borreliae	T007	C0006033
28362864	51	59	detected	T033	C0442726
28362864	63	76	Haemaphysalis	T204	C0323443
28362864	77	82	ticks	T204	C0040203
28362864	87	99	wild animals	T008	C0003070
28362864	107	128	western part of Japan	T083	C0022341
28362864	133	147	genus Borrelia	T007	C0006033
28362864	158	182	arthropod-borne bacteria	T007	C0004611
28362864	194	211	infectious agents	T001	C0314732
28362864	215	226	vertebrates	T010	C0042567
28362864	244	258	transmitted by	T169	C0332289
28362864	259	265	ixodid	T204	C0598741
28362864	269	282	argasid ticks	T204	C0323528
28362864	287	295	Hokkaido	T083	C0454745
28362864	297	302	Japan	T083	C0022341
28362864	304	317	Borrelia spp.	T007	C0006033
28362864	332	336	deer	T015	C0011133
28362864	341	354	Haemaphysalis	T204	C0323443
28362864	355	360	ticks	T204	C0040203
28362864	431	435	area	T082	C0205146
28362864	483	507	large-scale surveillance	T062	C0032687
28362864	511	516	ticks	T204	C0040203
28362864	521	533	wild animals	T008	C0003070
28362864	541	581	western part of the main island of Japan	T083	C0022341
28362864	586	595	collected	T078	C1516695
28362864	602	620	host-seeking ticks	T204	C0040203
28362864	630	637	regions	T083	C0017446
28362864	648	654	larvae	T204	C0023047
28362864	681	693	female ticks	T204	C0040203
28362864	725	750	transovarial transmission	T046	C4288028
28362864	783	796	blood samples	T031	C0178913
28362864	806	816	wild boars	T015	C1135183
28362864	825	834	sika deer	T015	C0325222
28362864	847	851	sera	T031	C0229671
28362864	861	874	wild raccoons	T015	C0034500
28362864	879	887	detected	T033	C0442726
28362864	888	901	Borrelia spp.	T007	C0006033
28362864	905	924	Haemaphysalis flava	T204	C1458989
28362864	926	951	Haemaphysalis megaspinosa	T204	C3719596
28362864	953	975	Haemaphysalis kitaokai	T204	C3905649
28362864	977	1002	Haemaphysalis longicornis	T204	C0323454
28362864	1008	1033	Haemaphysalis formosensis	T204	C3438484
28362864	1051	1059	isolated	T169	C0205409
28362864	1062	1068	strain	T001	C1518614
28362864	1074	1088	H. megaspinosa	T204	C3719596
28362864	1095	1124	Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium	T130	C0010454
28362864	1130	1152	minimum infection rate	T081	C0392762
28362864	1156	1161	ticks	T204	C0040203
28362864	1180	1205	Transovarial transmission	T046	C4288028
28362864	1222	1233	H. kitaokai	T204	C3905649
28362864	1235	1256	Phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
28362864	1264	1272	isolated	T169	C0205409
28362864	1273	1279	strain	T001	C1518614
28362864	1284	1297	DNA fragments	UnknownType	C0684192
28362864	1313	1318	ticks	T204	C0040203
28362864	1319	1329	identified	T080	C0205396
28362864	1344	1363	bacterial genotypes	T032	C0017431
28362864	1391	1395	tick	T204	C0040203
28362864	1396	1403	species	T185	C1705920
28362864	1404	1412	detected	T033	C0442726
28362864	1414	1422	Bacteria	T007	C0004611
28362864	1428	1436	detected	T033	C0442726
28362864	1463	1473	wild boars	T015	C1135183
28362864	1475	1484	sika deer	T015	C0325222
28362864	1490	1498	raccoons	T015	C0034500
28362864	1538	1558	seasonal differences	T033	C0243095
28362864	1566	1576	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28362864	1580	1599	bacterial genotypes	T032	C0017431
28362864	1603	1612	sika deer	T015	C0325222
28362864	1624	1630	winter	T079	C0241737
28362864	1635	1641	summer	T079	C0241301
28362864	1647	1651	tick	T204	C0040203
28362864	1652	1667	activity season	T079	C0036497
28362864	1687	1693	season	T079	C0036497
28362864	1706	1716	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28362864	1720	1727	animals	T008	C0003062
28362864	1774	1792	bacterial genotype	T032	C0017431
28362864	1793	1801	detected	T033	C0442726
28362864	1844	1848	tick	T204	C0040203
28362864	1849	1856	species	T185	C1705920

28363570|t|Transparent nanostructured cellulose acetate films based on the self assembly of PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO block copolymer
28363570|a|In this study fabrication and characterization of transparent nanostructured composite films based on cellulose triacetate (CTA) and poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (EPE) triblock copolymer were presented. The effect of the addition of EPE triblock copolymer on the thermal stability, morphology, and mechanical properties of cellulose triacetate films was investigated. The triblock EPE was chosen since PEO blocks interact favorably with CTA, whereas, PPO blocks remain immiscible which provokes a microphase separation. This allows to obtain EPE / CTA composite films with ordered microphase-separated structures where PPO spherical microdomains are well-dispersed in PEO / CTA matrix by simple solvent - evaporation process. During this process, PEO block chains selectively interact with CTA by strong interpolymer hydrogen-bonding while PPO block microseparated. The addition even 40wt% of EPE leads to nanostructured EPE / CTA composite. The cytotoxicity assay of CTA and EPE / CTA composite films confirm non-toxic character of designed transparent nanostructured composites based on sustainable matrices.
28363570	0	11	Transparent	T080	C0522503
28363570	12	26	nanostructured	T073	C1450053
28363570	27	44	cellulose acetate	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	45	50	films	T122	C0005479
28363570	64	77	self assembly	T044	C0872376
28363570	81	112	PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO block copolymer	T109,T121	C0626352
28363570	127	138	fabrication	T057	C0870840
28363570	143	159	characterization	T052	C1880022
28363570	163	174	transparent	T080	C0522503
28363570	175	189	nanostructured	T073	C1450053
28363570	190	199	composite	T080	C0205199
28363570	200	205	films	T122	C0005479
28363570	215	235	cellulose triacetate	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	237	240	CTA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	246	338	poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(propylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (EPE) triblock copolymer	T109,T121	C0626352
28363570	385	407	EPE triblock copolymer	T109,T121	C0626352
28363570	415	432	thermal stability	T059	C1441596
28363570	434	444	morphology	T080	C0332437
28363570	450	460	mechanical	T070	C0376706
28363570	461	471	properties	T080	C0871161
28363570	475	495	cellulose triacetate	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	496	501	films	T122	C0005479
28363570	524	536	triblock EPE	T109,T121	C0626352
28363570	554	564	PEO blocks	T122	C0005479
28363570	589	592	CTA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	603	613	PPO blocks	T122	C0005479
28363570	621	631	immiscible	T080	C0205556
28363570	660	670	separation	T080	C0443299
28363570	694	697	EPE	T109,T121	C0626352
28363570	700	703	CTA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	704	713	composite	T080	C0205199
28363570	714	719	films	T122	C0005479
28363570	733	753	microphase-separated	T080	C0443299
28363570	754	764	structures	T082	C0678594
28363570	771	774	PPO	T122	C0005479
28363570	775	784	spherical	T082	C0332501
28363570	820	823	PEO	T122	C0005479
28363570	826	829	CTA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	830	836	matrix	T109,T121	C4050026
28363570	847	854	solvent	T130	C0037638
28363570	857	868	evaporation	T070	C0596539
28363570	869	876	process	T067	C1522240
28363570	899	915	PEO block chains	T122	C0005479
28363570	942	945	CTA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	956	968	interpolymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28363570	969	985	hydrogen-bonding	T070	C0020276
28363570	992	1001	PPO block	T122	C0005479
28363570	1002	1016	microseparated	T080	C0443299
28363570	1045	1048	EPE	T109,T121	C0626352
28363570	1058	1072	nanostructured	T073	C1450053
28363570	1073	1076	EPE	T109,T121	C0626352
28363570	1079	1082	CTA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	1083	1092	composite	T080	C0205199
28363570	1098	1116	cytotoxicity assay	T059	C0201622
28363570	1120	1123	CTA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	1128	1131	EPE	T109,T121	C0626352
28363570	1134	1137	CTA	T109,T122,T130	C0050505
28363570	1138	1147	composite	T080	C0205199
28363570	1148	1153	films	T122	C0005479
28363570	1162	1171	non-toxic	T080	C1518413
28363570	1185	1193	designed	T052	C1707689
28363570	1194	1205	transparent	T080	C0522503
28363570	1206	1220	nanostructured	T073	C1450053
28363570	1221	1231	composites	T080	C0205199
28363570	1253	1261	matrices	T109,T121	C4050026

28363626|t|Validating Signs and Symptoms From An Actual Mass Casualty Incident to Characterize An Irritant Gas Syndrome Agent (IGSA) Exposure: A First Step in The Development of a Novel IGSA Triage Algorithm
28363626|a|Chemical exposures can pose a significant threat to life. Rapid assessment by first responders / emergency nurses is required to reduce death and disability. Currently, no informatics tools for irritant gas syndrome agent s (IGSA) exposures exist to process victims efficiently, continuously monitor for latent signs/symptoms, or make triage recommendations. This study describes the first step in developing ED informatics tools for chemical incidents: validation of signs/symptoms that characterize an IGSA syndrome. Data abstracted from 146 patients treated for chlorine exposure in one emergency department during a 2005 train derailment and 152 patients not exposed to chlorine (a comparison group) were mapped to 93 possible signs/symptoms within 2 tools (WISER and CHEMM-IST) designed to assist emergency responders / emergency nurses with managing hazardous material exposures. Inferential statistics (χ(2)/ Fisher's exact test) and diagnostics tests were used to examine mapped signs/symptoms of persons who were and were not exposed to chlorine. Three clusters of signs/symptoms are statistically associated with an IGSA syndrome (P < .01): respiratory (shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, and choking); chest discomfort (tightness, pain, and burning), and eye, nose and/or throat (pain, irritation, and burning). The syndrome requires the presence of signs/symptoms from at least 2 of these clusters. The latency period must also be considered for exposed / potentially exposed persons. This study uses actual patient data from a chemical incident to characterize and validate signs/symptoms of an IGSA syndrome. Validating signs/symptoms is the first step in developing new ED informatics tools with the potential to revolutionize the process by which emergency nurses manage triage victims of chemical incidents.
28363626	0	10	Validating	T062	C1519941
28363626	11	29	Signs and Symptoms	T184	C0037088
28363626	45	67	Mass Casualty Incident	T051	C1955957
28363626	71	83	Characterize	T052	C1880022
28363626	87	114	Irritant Gas Syndrome Agent	T131	C1254354
28363626	116	120	IGSA	T131	C1254354
28363626	152	163	Development	T169	C1527148
28363626	169	174	Novel	T080	C0205314
28363626	175	179	IGSA	T131	C1254354
28363626	180	186	Triage	T061	C0040861
28363626	187	196	Algorithm	T170	C0002045
28363626	197	215	Chemical exposures	T033	C0678803
28363626	227	238	significant	T078	C0750502
28363626	239	245	threat	T078	C0749385
28363626	249	253	life	T078	C0376558
28363626	261	271	assessment	T058	C0220825
28363626	275	291	first responders	T097	C3824749
28363626	294	310	emergency nurses	T097	C0557519
28363626	314	322	required	T169	C1514873
28363626	326	332	reduce	T080	C0392756
28363626	333	338	death	T040	C0011065
28363626	343	353	disability	T033	C0231170
28363626	366	368	no	T169	C1518422
28363626	369	386	informatics tools	T170	C0037589
28363626	391	418	irritant gas syndrome agent	T131	C1254354
28363626	422	426	IGSA	T131	C1254354
28363626	428	437	exposures	T080	C0332157
28363626	438	443	exist	T077	C2987476
28363626	447	454	process	T067	C1522240
28363626	455	462	victims	T098	C0680681
28363626	463	474	efficiently	T080	C0442799
28363626	476	488	continuously	T078	C0549178
28363626	489	496	monitor	T058	C1283169
28363626	501	507	latent	T080	C0205275
28363626	508	522	signs/symptoms	T184	C0037088
28363626	532	538	triage	T061	C0040861
28363626	539	554	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28363626	561	566	study	T062	C2603343
28363626	606	608	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28363626	609	626	informatics tools	T170	C0037589
28363626	631	649	chemical incidents	T068,T070	C2350599
28363626	651	661	validation	T062	C1519941
28363626	665	679	signs/symptoms	T184	C0037088
28363626	685	697	characterize	T052	C1880022
28363626	701	705	IGSA	T131	C1254354
28363626	706	714	syndrome	T047	C0039082
28363626	716	731	Data abstracted	T079	C3259344
28363626	741	749	patients	T101	C0030705
28363626	750	757	treated	T061	C0087111
28363626	762	779	chlorine exposure	T033	C0239049
28363626	787	807	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28363626	808	814	during	T079	C0347984
28363626	822	838	train derailment	T067	C0337199
28363626	847	855	patients	T101	C0030705
28363626	856	859	not	T169	C1518422
28363626	860	879	exposed to chlorine	T033	C0239049
28363626	883	899	comparison group	T096	C0009932
28363626	906	912	mapped	T170	C3858752
28363626	928	942	signs/symptoms	T184	C0037088
28363626	952	957	tools	T170	C0037589
28363626	959	964	WISER	T170	C0037589
28363626	969	978	CHEMM-IST	T170	C0037589
28363626	980	988	designed	T052	C1707689
28363626	992	998	assist	T080	C1269765
28363626	999	1019	emergency responders	T097	C3178988
28363626	1022	1038	emergency nurses	T097	C0557519
28363626	1053	1071	hazardous material	T131	C0018626
28363626	1072	1081	exposures	T080	C0332157
28363626	1083	1105	Inferential statistics	T081	C0032685
28363626	1113	1132	Fisher's exact test	T170	C0237913
28363626	1138	1155	diagnostics tests	T060	C0086143
28363626	1161	1165	used	T169	C1524063
28363626	1177	1183	mapped	T170	C3858752
28363626	1184	1198	signs/symptoms	T184	C0037088
28363626	1202	1209	persons	T098	C0027361
28363626	1232	1251	exposed to chlorine	T033	C0239049
28363626	1259	1267	clusters	T081	C1704332
28363626	1271	1285	signs/symptoms	T184	C0037088
28363626	1290	1303	statistically	T081	C2828391
28363626	1304	1319	associated with	T080	C0332281
28363626	1323	1327	IGSA	T131	C1254354
28363626	1328	1336	syndrome	T047	C0039082
28363626	1348	1359	respiratory	T169	C0521346
28363626	1361	1380	shortness of breath	T184	C0013404
28363626	1382	1390	wheezing	T184	C0043144
28363626	1392	1400	coughing	T184	C0010200
28363626	1406	1413	choking	T046	C0008301
28363626	1416	1432	chest discomfort	T184	C0235710
28363626	1434	1443	tightness	T184	C0232292
28363626	1445	1449	pain	T184	C0008031
28363626	1455	1462	burning	T184	C0740396
28363626	1469	1472	eye	T023	C0015392
28363626	1474	1478	nose	T023	C0028429
28363626	1486	1492	throat	T023	C3665375
28363626	1494	1498	pain	T184	C0030193
28363626	1500	1510	irritation	T067	C0441723
28363626	1516	1523	burning	T184	C0085624
28363626	1530	1538	syndrome	T047	C0039082
28363626	1552	1560	presence	T033	C0150312
28363626	1564	1578	signs/symptoms	T184	C0037088
28363626	1604	1612	clusters	T081	C1704332
28363626	1618	1632	latency period	T079	C0023103
28363626	1646	1656	considered	T078	C0750591
28363626	1661	1668	exposed	T098	C1998203
28363626	1671	1682	potentially	T080	C3245505
28363626	1683	1698	exposed persons	T098	C1998203
28363626	1705	1710	study	T062	C2603343
28363626	1711	1715	uses	T169	C1524063
28363626	1723	1735	patient data	T170	C2707520
28363626	1743	1760	chemical incident	T068,T070	C2350599
28363626	1764	1776	characterize	T052	C1880022
28363626	1781	1789	validate	T062	C1519941
28363626	1790	1804	signs/symptoms	T184	C0037088
28363626	1811	1815	IGSA	T131	C1254354
28363626	1816	1824	syndrome	T047	C0039082
28363626	1826	1836	Validating	T062	C1519941
28363626	1837	1851	signs/symptoms	T184	C0037088
28363626	1884	1887	new	T080	C0205314
28363626	1888	1890	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28363626	1891	1908	informatics tools	T170	C0037589
28363626	1918	1927	potential	T080	C3245505
28363626	1949	1956	process	T067	C1522240
28363626	1966	1982	emergency nurses	T097	C0557519
28363626	1990	1996	triage	T061	C0040861
28363626	1997	2004	victims	T098	C0680681
28363626	2008	2026	chemical incidents	T068,T070	C2350599

28363782|t|Fyn regulates multipolar - bipolar transition and neurite morphogenesis of migrating neurons in the developing neocortex
28363782|a|Fyn is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that belongs to Src family kinases. Fyn plays a critical role in neuronal migration, but the mechanism remains unclear. Here, we reported that suppression of Fyn expression in mouse cerebral cortex led to migration defects of both early-born and late-born neurons. Morphological analysis showed that loss of Fyn function impaired multipolar - bipolar transition of newly generated neurons and neurite formation in the early phase of migration. Moreover, Fyn inhibition increased the length of leading process and decreased the branching number of the migrating cortical neurons. Together, these results indicate that Fyn controls neuronal migration by regulating the cytoskeletal dynamics and multipolar - bipolar transition of newly generated neurons during cortical development.
28363782	0	3	Fyn	T116,T126	C1442788
28363782	14	24	multipolar	T082	C1254362
28363782	27	34	bipolar	T082	C0443156
28363782	35	45	transition	T052	C2700061
28363782	50	71	neurite morphogenesis	T043	C1753129
28363782	75	92	migrating neurons	T043	C1326504
28363782	100	120	developing neocortex	T042	C1818475
28363782	121	124	Fyn	T116,T126	C1442788
28363782	130	142	non-receptor	T033	C0243095
28363782	143	166	protein tyrosine kinase	T116,T126	C0033681
28363782	183	201	Src family kinases	T116,T126	C0282625
28363782	203	206	Fyn	T116,T126	C1442788
28363782	232	250	neuronal migration	T043	C1326504
28363782	260	269	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28363782	278	285	unclear	T033	C3845108
28363782	310	321	suppression	T045	C0038855
28363782	325	328	Fyn	T116,T126	C1442788
28363782	329	339	expression	T045	C1171362
28363782	343	364	mouse cerebral cortex	T024	C1522579
28363782	372	389	migration defects	T033	C2750249
28363782	398	408	early-born	T079	C1279919
28363782	413	422	late-born	T079	C0205087
28363782	423	430	neurons	T025	C0027882
28363782	432	445	Morphological	T082	C0543482
28363782	446	454	analysis	T062	C0936012
28363782	475	478	Fyn	T116,T126	C1442788
28363782	497	507	multipolar	T082	C1254362
28363782	510	517	bipolar	T082	C0443156
28363782	518	528	transition	T052	C2700061
28363782	538	547	generated	T052	C3146294
28363782	548	555	neurons	T025	C0027882
28363782	560	577	neurite formation	T043	C1753129
28363782	591	596	phase	T079	C0205390
28363782	600	609	migration	T043	C1326504
28363782	621	624	Fyn	T116,T126	C1442788
28363782	625	635	inhibition	T045	C1519619
28363782	660	675	leading process	T043	C0007613
28363782	694	703	branching	T082	C0205384
28363782	718	744	migrating cortical neurons	T043	C1326504
28363782	784	787	Fyn	T116,T126	C1442788
28363782	788	796	controls	T169	C2587213
28363782	797	815	neuronal migration	T043	C1326504
28363782	819	829	regulating	T038	C1327622
28363782	834	846	cytoskeletal	T026	C0010853
28363782	847	855	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28363782	860	870	multipolar	T082	C1254362
28363782	873	880	bipolar	T082	C0443156
28363782	881	891	transition	T052	C2700061
28363782	895	900	newly	T078	C0750546
28363782	901	910	generated	T052	C3146294
28363782	911	918	neurons	T025	C0027882
28363782	926	946	cortical development	T042	C1818475

28363919|t|Impact of changes in pill appearance in the adherence to angiotensin receptor blockers and in the blood pressure levels: a retrospective cohort study
28363919|a|To assess the level of adherence to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients regularly attending a community pharmacy and the influence of a change in patients' adherence to pharmacological treatment. Retrospective cohort study of a random sample of consecutive patients collecting their medication. 40 community pharmacies in Alicante (Southeast Spain). 602 consecutive ≥18 years old patients following treatment with ARBs at least 3 previous refills were included. Prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) and adherence to prescribed pharmacological treatment (measured through both the Batalla and the Morisky-Green tests). A multivariate Poisson regression model was used to estimate the adjusted risk ratio (RRa) for non-adherence to pharmacological treatment by the presence of a change in patient's adherence and other significant variables. 161/602 (13.7%) patients presented uncontrolled BP. According to the Morisky test, 410/602 (68.2%) patients were considered adherent to pharmacological treatment and 231/602 (38.4%) patients according to the Batalla test. According to the Morisky-Green test, in the multivariable analysis, patients with a previous change in pill appearance were less likely to be adherent than those patients with no change in their pharmacological treatment (RRa 0.45; CI 95% 0.22 to 0.90; p=0.024). Systolic BP was higher in patients with a change in pill appearance in the previous 3 refills (median BP 142 mm Hg; IQR 136-148) than in those who did not have a change (median BP 127 mm Hg; IQR 118-135; p<0.001). There was a low percentage of adherence and nearly 15% of uncontrolled BP in patients who regularly collected their medication. Switching between pills of different appearances was associated with lower patient adherence to pharmacological treatment and a higher uncontrolled BP than no change in pharmacological treatment or change only in package but not in pill appearance.
28363919	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
28363919	10	17	changes	T169	C0392747
28363919	21	25	pill	T122	C0994475
28363919	26	36	appearance	T080	C0700364
28363919	44	53	adherence	T169	C1510802
28363919	57	86	angiotensin receptor blockers	T121	C0815017
28363919	98	119	blood pressure levels	T033	C1271104
28363919	123	149	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
28363919	173	182	adherence	T169	C1510802
28363919	186	215	angiotensin receptor blockers	T121	C0815017
28363919	217	221	ARBs	T121	C0815017
28363919	226	234	patients	T101	C0030705
28363919	257	275	community pharmacy	T093	C0009478
28363919	299	305	change	T169	C0392747
28363919	309	328	patients' adherence	T055	C1321605
28363919	332	357	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
28363919	359	385	Retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
28363919	391	404	random sample	T062	C0150105
28363919	408	419	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28363919	420	428	patients	T101	C0030705
28363919	429	439	collecting	T169	C1516698
28363919	446	456	medication	T121	C0013227
28363919	461	481	community pharmacies	T093	C0009478
28363919	485	493	Alicante	UnknownType	C0681784
28363919	495	510	Southeast Spain	T083	C0037747
28363919	517	528	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28363919	543	551	patients	T101	C0030705
28363919	552	561	following	T079	C0332282
28363919	562	571	treatment	T061	C0087111
28363919	577	581	ARBs	T121	C0815017
28363919	593	601	previous	T079	C0205156
28363919	625	635	Prevalence	T081	C0033106
28363919	639	651	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
28363919	652	666	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28363919	668	670	BP	T040	C0005823
28363919	676	685	adherence	T169	C1510802
28363919	689	699	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28363919	700	725	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
28363919	727	735	measured	T080	C0444706
28363919	753	788	Batalla and the Morisky-Green tests	T059	C0022885
28363919	793	830	multivariate Poisson regression model	T081	C0026777
28363919	843	851	estimate	T081	C0750572
28363919	865	875	risk ratio	T081	C0028873
28363919	877	880	RRa	T081	C0028873
28363919	886	899	non-adherence	T033	C0376405
28363919	903	928	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
28363919	936	944	presence	T033	C0150312
28363919	950	956	change	T169	C0392747
28363919	960	979	patient's adherence	T055	C1321605
28363919	1002	1011	variables	T080	C0439828
28363919	1029	1037	patients	T101	C0030705
28363919	1048	1060	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
28363919	1061	1063	BP	T040	C0005823
28363919	1082	1094	Morisky test	T059	C0022885
28363919	1112	1120	patients	T101	C0030705
28363919	1137	1145	adherent	T169	C0334154
28363919	1149	1174	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
28363919	1195	1203	patients	T101	C0030705
28363919	1221	1233	Batalla test	T059	C0022885
28363919	1252	1270	Morisky-Green test	T059	C0022885
28363919	1279	1301	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28363919	1303	1311	patients	T101	C0030705
28363919	1319	1327	previous	T079	C0205156
28363919	1328	1334	change	T169	C0392747
28363919	1338	1342	pill	T122	C0994475
28363919	1343	1353	appearance	T080	C0700364
28363919	1377	1385	adherent	T169	C0334154
28363919	1397	1405	patients	T101	C0030705
28363919	1414	1420	change	T169	C0392747
28363919	1430	1455	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
28363919	1457	1460	RRa	T081	C0028873
28363919	1498	1509	Systolic BP	T201	C0871470
28363919	1524	1532	patients	T101	C0030705
28363919	1540	1546	change	T169	C0392747
28363919	1550	1554	pill	T122	C0994475
28363919	1555	1565	appearance	T080	C0700364
28363919	1573	1581	previous	T079	C0205156
28363919	1593	1599	median	T082	C2939193
28363919	1600	1602	BP	T040	C0005823
28363919	1614	1617	IQR	T081	C1711350
28363919	1660	1666	change	T169	C0392747
28363919	1668	1674	median	T082	C2939193
28363919	1675	1677	BP	T040	C0005823
28363919	1689	1692	IQR	T081	C1711350
28363919	1742	1751	adherence	T169	C1510802
28363919	1770	1782	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
28363919	1783	1785	BP	T040	C0005823
28363919	1789	1797	patients	T101	C0030705
28363919	1812	1821	collected	T078	C1516695
28363919	1828	1838	medication	T121	C0013227
28363919	1858	1863	pills	T122	C0994475
28363919	1877	1888	appearances	T080	C0700364
28363919	1893	1908	associated with	T080	C0332281
28363919	1915	1932	patient adherence	T055	C1321605
28363919	1936	1961	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
28363919	1975	1987	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
28363919	1988	1990	BP	T040	C0005823
28363919	1999	2005	change	T169	C0392747
28363919	2009	2034	pharmacological treatment	T061	C0013216
28363919	2038	2044	change	T169	C0392747
28363919	2072	2076	pill	T122	C0994475
28363919	2077	2087	appearance	T080	C0700364

28364409|t|Metabolomics analysis of anaphylactoid reaction reveals its mechanism in a rat model
28364409|a|Anaphylactoid reactions, accounting for more than 77% of all immune-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions, have become a serious threat to public health, but their effect mechanism is not clear and diagnostic tests are limited. Comprehensive metabolite analysis may reveal the anaphylactoid effect mechanism systematically and provide reference for future diagnostic purposes. Plasma from Brown Norway rats given intravenous injection of saline, compound 48/80 (2.5 mL/kg) or ovalbumin (20 mL/kg) in 20 s for the first time was used to study the effect mechanism of anaphylactoid reactions through metabolomics (UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS). Metabolomics integrated with proteomics data were used to analyze the anaphylactoid pathways by MetaboAnalyst followed by integrated pathway analysis. Thirty metabolites were identified through the METLIN database by MS/MS and 18 of them were confirmed by authentic standards. The results showed that adenosine, histamine, N-acetylhistamine, N(α)-γ-glutamylhistamine, malate and xanthine are important indices for anaphylactoid reactions. It could be concluded that the effect mechanism is mainly composed of histidine metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, energy metabolism, purine metabolism and other small molecules through 30 metabolites. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that not only histamine but also N(α)-γ-glutamylhistamine and arachidonic acid could be used to evaluate anaphylactoid symptoms of animals. Furthermore, the citrate cycle, histidine metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism could be the main pathways of anaphylactoid reactions as determined by MetaboAnalyst. The results may provide a reference to improve diagnostic accuracy and predict and monitor treatment efficacy in anaphylactoid reactions in the clinical setting.
28364409	0	12	Metabolomics	T123	C0870883
28364409	13	21	analysis	T062	C0936012
28364409	25	47	anaphylactoid reaction	T046	C0340865
28364409	48	55	reveals	T080	C0443289
28364409	60	69	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28364409	75	78	rat	T015	C0034721
28364409	79	84	model	T008	C0599779
28364409	85	108	Anaphylactoid reactions	T046	C0340865
28364409	146	198	immune-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions	T047	C0301918
28364409	214	221	serious	T080	C0205404
28364409	222	228	threat	T078	C0749385
28364409	232	245	public health	T058	C0699943
28364409	257	263	effect	T080	C1280500
28364409	264	273	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28364409	277	286	not clear	T033	C3845108
28364409	291	307	diagnostic tests	T060	C0086143
28364409	312	319	limited	T169	C0439801
28364409	321	334	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28364409	335	345	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28364409	346	354	analysis	T062	C0936012
28364409	359	365	reveal	T080	C0443289
28364409	370	383	anaphylactoid	T080	C1706805
28364409	384	390	effect	T080	C1280500
28364409	391	400	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28364409	401	415	systematically	T169	C0220922
28364409	420	427	provide	T052	C1999230
28364409	428	437	reference	T081	C0034925
28364409	442	448	future	T079	C0016884
28364409	449	459	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28364409	460	468	purposes	T169	C1285529
28364409	470	476	Plasma	T031	C0032105
28364409	482	499	Brown Norway rats	T015	C0034700
28364409	506	527	intravenous injection	T169	C0021494
28364409	531	537	saline	T167	C0036082
28364409	539	553	compound 48/80	T109,T121	C0009574
28364409	569	578	ovalbumin	T116,T123	C0029923
28364409	621	625	used	T169	C1524063
28364409	629	634	study	T062	C2603343
28364409	639	645	effect	T080	C1280500
28364409	646	655	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28364409	659	682	anaphylactoid reactions	T046	C0340865
28364409	691	703	metabolomics	T123	C0870883
28364409	705	720	UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS	T063	C0599748
28364409	723	735	Metabolomics	T123	C0870883
28364409	752	767	proteomics data	T170	C0242356
28364409	773	777	used	T169	C1524063
28364409	781	788	analyze	T062	C0936012
28364409	793	806	anaphylactoid	T080	C1706805
28364409	807	815	pathways	T044	C1704259
28364409	819	832	MetaboAnalyst	T170	C0037589
28364409	833	844	followed by	T079	C0332283
28364409	856	872	pathway analysis	T170	C0868995
28364409	881	892	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28364409	898	908	identified	T080	C0205396
28364409	921	936	METLIN database	T170	C0242356
28364409	940	945	MS/MS	T063	C0599748
28364409	966	978	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
28364409	979	998	authentic standards	T081	C0034925
28364409	1004	1011	results	T169	C1274040
28364409	1024	1033	adenosine	T114,T121,T123	C0001443
28364409	1035	1044	histamine	T109,T123	C0019588
28364409	1046	1063	N-acetylhistamine	T109	C0067730
28364409	1065	1089	N(α)-γ-glutamylhistamine	T109	C0061063
28364409	1091	1097	malate	T109,T123,T130	C0220873
28364409	1102	1110	xanthine	T114,T123	C0043314
28364409	1115	1124	important	T080	C3898777
28364409	1137	1160	anaphylactoid reactions	T046	C0340865
28364409	1193	1199	effect	T080	C1280500
28364409	1200	1209	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28364409	1232	1252	histidine metabolism	T044	C1156823
28364409	1254	1281	arachidonic acid metabolism	T044	C1158360
28364409	1283	1300	energy metabolism	T039	C0014272
28364409	1302	1319	purine metabolism	T169	C0920640
28364409	1324	1329	other	T080	C0205394
28364409	1330	1335	small	T081	C0700321
28364409	1336	1345	molecules	T167	C0567416
28364409	1346	1353	through	T169	C0332273
28364409	1357	1368	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28364409	1370	1405	Multiple linear regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28364409	1406	1415	indicated	T033	C1444656
28364409	1421	1424	not	T169	C1518422
28364409	1425	1429	only	T081	C0205171
28364409	1430	1439	histamine	T109,T123	C0019588
28364409	1449	1473	N(α)-γ-glutamylhistamine	T109	C0061063
28364409	1478	1494	arachidonic acid	T109	C0003695
28364409	1504	1508	used	T169	C1524063
28364409	1521	1534	anaphylactoid	T080	C1706805
28364409	1535	1543	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28364409	1547	1554	animals	T008	C0003062
28364409	1573	1586	citrate cycle	T044	C1516586
28364409	1588	1608	histidine metabolism	T044	C1156823
28364409	1613	1640	arachidonic acid metabolism	T044	C1158360
28364409	1654	1658	main	T080	C1542147
28364409	1659	1667	pathways	T044	C1704259
28364409	1671	1694	anaphylactoid reactions	T046	C0340865
28364409	1698	1711	determined by	T080	C0521095
28364409	1712	1725	MetaboAnalyst	T170	C0037589
28364409	1731	1738	results	T169	C1274040
28364409	1743	1750	provide	T052	C1999230
28364409	1753	1762	reference	T170	C1514811
28364409	1766	1773	improve	T033	C0184511
28364409	1774	1793	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28364409	1798	1805	predict	T078	C0681842
28364409	1818	1836	treatment efficacy	T080	C0087113
28364409	1840	1863	anaphylactoid reactions	T046	C0340865
28364409	1871	1887	clinical setting	T082	C3176918

28364434|t|The Prevalence of Sleep Apnea in Type B Aortic Dissection: Implications for False Lumen Thrombosis
28364434|a|Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been implicated in aortic dissection. Thrombosis of the false lumen is associated with a prognosis of type B aortic dissection (AoD), and partial thrombosis has been reported to be an independent predictor of mortality. This study sought to explore whether the severity of OSA is associated with false lumen thrombosis. In this observational study, 151 type B AoD patients were recruited consecutively from 2013 to 2015. The status of the false lumen was classified as patent, partially thrombosed, or completely thrombosed based on a computer tomography angiography image. Patients were divided into non-OSA group (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] < 5), and mild (5 ≤ AHI ≤ 15), moderate (15 < AHI ≤ 30), and severe OSA groups (AHI > 30) using the AHI. The prevalence of OSA in type B dissection was 66.2%. Among 151 cases, 51 patients (33.8%) were in the non-OSA group, 56 (37.1%) were in the mild group, 21 (13.9%) were in the moderate group, and 23 (15.2%) were in the severe group. Additionally, a partially thrombosed false lumen was observed in 88 patients (58.3%). Multivariable analysis revealed that OSA severity was positively associated with partial thrombosis (odds ratio, 1.784, 95% confidence interval: 1.182-2.691, P = .006) after adjusting for other confounding factors. OSA was present in two-thirds of patients with type B AoD. The severity of OSA was significantly associated with an increased risk of partial false lumen thrombosis. OSA may therefore be implicated in both the etiology and prognosis of AoD.
28364434	4	14	Prevalence	T081	C0683921
28364434	18	29	Sleep Apnea	T047	C0037315
28364434	33	57	Type B Aortic Dissection	T190	C0340647
28364434	76	81	False	T080	C0205237
28364434	82	87	Lumen	T030	C0524461
28364434	88	98	Thrombosis	T046	C0040053
28364434	99	122	Obstructive sleep apnea	T047	C0520679
28364434	124	127	OSA	T047	C0520679
28364434	152	169	aortic dissection	T047	C0340643
28364434	171	181	Thrombosis	T046	C0040053
28364434	189	194	false	T080	C0205237
28364434	195	200	lumen	T030	C0524461
28364434	204	219	associated with	T080	C0332281
28364434	222	231	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28364434	235	259	type B aortic dissection	T190	C0340647
28364434	261	264	AoD	T190	C0340647
28364434	271	289	partial thrombosis	T020	C0333204
28364434	329	338	predictor	T170	C0683956
28364434	342	351	mortality	T081	C0178686
28364434	358	363	study	T062	C2603343
28364434	394	402	severity	T080	C0392364
28364434	406	409	OSA	T047	C0520679
28364434	413	428	associated with	T080	C0332281
28364434	429	434	false	T080	C0205237
28364434	435	440	lumen	T030	C0524461
28364434	441	451	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
28364434	461	480	observational study	T062	C1518527
28364434	486	496	type B AoD	T190	C0340647
28364434	497	505	patients	T101	C0030705
28364434	572	577	false	T080	C0205237
28364434	578	583	lumen	T030	C0524461
28364434	610	619	partially	T081	C0728938
28364434	620	630	thrombosed	T046	C0040053
28364434	646	656	thrombosed	T046	C0040053
28364434	668	699	computer tomography angiography	T060	C1536105
28364434	700	705	image	T078	C1551337
28364434	707	715	Patients	T101	C0030705
28364434	734	747	non-OSA group	UnknownType	C0681860
28364434	749	769	apnea-hypopnea index	T170	C4083070
28364434	771	774	AHI	T170	C4083070
28364434	786	790	mild	UnknownType	C0681860
28364434	796	799	AHI	T170	C4083070
28364434	807	815	moderate	UnknownType	C0681860
28364434	822	825	AHI	T170	C4083070
28364434	837	854	severe OSA groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28364434	856	859	AHI	T170	C4083070
28364434	876	879	AHI	T170	C4083070
28364434	885	895	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28364434	899	902	OSA	T047	C0520679
28364434	906	923	type B dissection	T190	C0340647
28364434	945	950	cases	T077	C1706256
28364434	955	963	patients	T101	C0030705
28364434	984	997	non-OSA group	UnknownType	C0681860
28364434	1022	1032	mild group	UnknownType	C0681860
28364434	1057	1071	moderate group	UnknownType	C0681860
28364434	1100	1112	severe group	UnknownType	C0681860
28364434	1130	1139	partially	T081	C0728938
28364434	1140	1150	thrombosed	T046	C0040053
28364434	1151	1156	false	T080	C0205237
28364434	1157	1162	lumen	T030	C0524461
28364434	1182	1190	patients	T101	C0030705
28364434	1200	1222	Multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28364434	1237	1240	OSA	T047	C0520679
28364434	1241	1249	severity	T080	C0392364
28364434	1254	1264	positively	T033	C1446409
28364434	1265	1280	associated with	T080	C0332281
28364434	1281	1288	partial	T081	C0728938
28364434	1289	1299	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
28364434	1301	1311	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28364434	1324	1343	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28364434	1394	1413	confounding factors	T169	C0009673
28364434	1415	1418	OSA	T047	C0520679
28364434	1448	1456	patients	T101	C0030705
28364434	1462	1472	type B AoD	T190	C0340647
28364434	1478	1486	severity	T080	C0392364
28364434	1490	1493	OSA	T047	C0520679
28364434	1512	1527	associated with	T080	C0332281
28364434	1531	1540	increased	T081	C0205217
28364434	1541	1545	risk	T078	C0035647
28364434	1549	1556	partial	T081	C0728938
28364434	1557	1562	false	T080	C0205237
28364434	1563	1568	lumen	T030	C0524461
28364434	1569	1579	thrombosis	T046	C0040053
28364434	1581	1584	OSA	T047	C0520679
28364434	1625	1633	etiology	T169	C1314792
28364434	1638	1647	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28364434	1651	1654	AoD	T190	C0340647

28364927|t|Preliminary results from direct-to-facility vaccine deliveries in Kano, Nigeria
28364927|a|As part of its vaccine supply chain redesign efforts, Kano state now pushes vaccines directly from 6 state stores to primary health centers equipped with solar refrigerators. Our objective is to describe preliminary results from the first 20 months of Kano's direct vaccine delivery operations. This is a retrospective review of Kano's direct vaccine delivery program. We analyzed trends in health facility vaccine stock levels, and examined the relationship between stock-out rates and each of cascade vaccine deliveries and timeliness of deliveries. Analysis of vaccination trends was based on administrative data from 27 sentinel health facilities. Costs for both the in-sourced and out-sourced approaches were estimated using a bottoms-up model-based approach. Overall stock adequacy increased from 54% in the first delivery cycle to 68% by cycle 33. Conversely, stock-out rates decreased from 41% to 10% over the same period. Similar trends were observed in the out-sourced and in-sourced programs. Stock-out rates rose incrementally with increasing number of cascade facilities, and delays in vaccine deliveries correlated strongly with stock-out rates. Recognizing that stock availability is one of many factors contributing to vaccinations, we nonetheless compared pre - and post - direct deliveries vaccinations in sentinel facilities, and found statistically significant upward trends for 4 out of 6 antigens. 1 antigen (measles) showed an upward trend that was not statistically significant. Hepatitis b vaccinations declined during the period. Overall, there appeared to be a one- year lag between commencement of direct deliveries and the increase in number of vaccinations. Weighted average cost per delivery is US$29.8 and cost per child immunized is US$0.7 per year. Direct vaccine delivery to health facilities in Kano, through a streamlined architecture, has resulted in decreased stock-outs and improved stock adequacy. Concurrent operation of insourced and outsourced programs has enabled Kano build in-house logistics capabilities.
28364927	0	19	Preliminary results	T078	C1548161
28364927	44	51	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28364927	52	62	deliveries	T169	C1705822
28364927	66	70	Kano	T083	C0017446
28364927	72	79	Nigeria	T083	C0028075
28364927	95	102	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28364927	103	115	supply chain	T078	C0243163
28364927	116	132	redesign efforts	T040	C0015264
28364927	134	144	Kano state	T083	C0017446
28364927	156	164	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
28364927	181	186	state	T083	C1301808
28364927	187	193	stores	T073	C3273359
28364927	197	204	primary	T080	C0205225
28364927	205	219	health centers	T073,T093	C0475309
28364927	234	239	solar	T070	C0037605
28364927	240	253	refrigerators	T073	C0034958
28364927	259	268	objective	T170	C0018017
28364927	284	303	preliminary results	T078	C1548161
28364927	322	328	months	T079	C0439231
28364927	332	338	Kano's	T083	C0017446
28364927	339	345	direct	T080	C1947931
28364927	346	353	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28364927	354	362	delivery	T169	C1705822
28364927	385	405	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
28364927	409	415	Kano's	T083	C0017446
28364927	416	422	direct	T080	C1947931
28364927	423	430	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28364927	431	439	delivery	T169	C1705822
28364927	440	447	program	T170	C0376691
28364927	471	486	health facility	T058	C1254363
28364927	487	494	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28364927	495	500	stock	T078	C1710198
28364927	501	507	levels	T080	C0441889
28364927	547	556	stock-out	T033	C3858634
28364927	557	562	rates	T081	C1521828
28364927	583	590	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28364927	591	601	deliveries	T169	C1705822
28364927	620	630	deliveries	T169	C1705822
28364927	632	640	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28364927	644	662	vaccination trends	T061	C0042196
28364927	691	695	data	T078	C1511726
28364927	704	730	sentinel health facilities	T058	C1254363
28364927	732	737	Costs	T081	C0010186
28364927	751	761	in-sourced	T033	C0449416
28364927	766	777	out-sourced	T033	C0449416
28364927	778	788	approaches	T082	C0449445
28364927	812	843	bottoms-up model-based approach	T170	C3161035
28364927	853	858	stock	T078	C1710198
28364927	859	867	adequacy	T080	C0205411
28364927	868	877	increased	T081	C0205217
28364927	900	908	delivery	T081	C0205217
28364927	947	956	stock-out	T033	C3858634
28364927	957	962	rates	T081	C1521828
28364927	963	972	decreased	T081	C0205216
28364927	1003	1009	period	T079	C1948053
28364927	1047	1058	out-sourced	T033	C0449416
28364927	1063	1073	in-sourced	T033	C0449416
28364927	1074	1082	programs	T170	C0376691
28364927	1084	1093	Stock-out	T033	C3858634
28364927	1094	1099	rates	T081	C1521828
28364927	1124	1134	increasing	T169	C0442808
28364927	1169	1175	delays	T079	C0205421
28364927	1179	1186	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28364927	1187	1197	deliveries	T169	C1705822
28364927	1223	1232	stock-out	T033	C3858634
28364927	1233	1238	rates	T081	C1521828
28364927	1257	1262	stock	T078	C1710198
28364927	1263	1275	availability	T169	C0470187
28364927	1315	1327	vaccinations	T061	C0042196
28364927	1353	1356	pre	T079	C3847846
28364927	1363	1367	post	T079	C0687676
28364927	1377	1387	deliveries	T169	C1705822
28364927	1388	1400	vaccinations	T061	C0042196
28364927	1404	1423	sentinel facilities	T058	C1254363
28364927	1435	1460	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28364927	1490	1498	antigens	T129	C0003320
28364927	1502	1509	antigen	T129	C0003320
28364927	1511	1518	measles	T047	C0025007
28364927	1556	1581	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28364927	1583	1607	Hepatitis b vaccinations	T061	C0474232
28364927	1628	1634	period	T079	C1948053
28364927	1673	1677	year	T079	C0439234
28364927	1713	1723	deliveries	T169	C1705822
28364927	1732	1740	increase	T169	C0442805
28364927	1754	1766	vaccinations	T061	C0042196
28364927	1785	1789	cost	T081	C0010186
28364927	1794	1802	delivery	T169	C1705822
28364927	1818	1822	cost	T081	C0010186
28364927	1827	1832	child	T100	C0008059
28364927	1833	1842	immunized	T061	C0020971
28364927	1857	1861	year	T079	C0439234
28364927	1870	1877	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28364927	1878	1886	delivery	T169	C1705822
28364927	1890	1907	health facilities	T058	C1254363
28364927	1911	1915	Kano	T083	C0017446
28364927	1969	1978	decreased	T081	C0205216
28364927	1979	1989	stock-outs	T033	C3858634
28364927	1994	2002	improved	T080	C0332272
28364927	2003	2008	stock	T078	C1710198
28364927	2009	2017	adequacy	T080	C0205411
28364927	2043	2052	insourced	T033	C0243095
28364927	2057	2067	outsourced	T033	C0243095
28364927	2068	2076	programs	T170	C0376691
28364927	2089	2093	Kano	T083	C0017446
28364927	2109	2118	logistics	T057	C0242415
28364927	2119	2131	capabilities	T080	C2698977

28366406|t|Nab-Paclitaxel in Advanced HER2-negative Breast Cancer Patients: Efficacy and Safety Beyond Clinical Trials
28366406|a|Few data are available regarding efficacy and safety of nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel in advanced breast cancer patients outside a controlled trial, especially for the weekly schedule. We prospectively collected data of advanced breast cancer patients who were candidates to be treated with weekly (125 mg/m(2) for 3 consecutive weeks followed by a 1- week rest) or every 3 weeks (260 mg/m(2)) schedules of nab-paclitaxel, according to physician's decision. The study enrolled 209 patients, of whom 92 (39.3%) received weekly nab-paclitaxel. The median age was 58 (range, 31-84) years; 21.8% of the patients were classified as triple-negative breast cancer (estrogen-recetor/progesteron-receptor-negative). The median number of cycles was 5.5. The overall response rate was 32.1% in the whole population, without any significant difference according to schedule, previous paclitaxel exposure, presence of visceral metastases, or line of treatment. The median time to disease progression was 6 months (95% confidence interval, 1-34), with no differences according to the schedule of treatment. Severe adverse events (Grade 3-4) were observed in 60.6% of the patients. The main toxicities were alopecia (53.4%), neutropenia (3%), and sensory neuropathy (2.1%). Our real-life data indicate that both schedules of nab-paclitaxel are manageable and safe in advanced breast cancer patients, even if previously treated with other taxanes.
28366406	0	14	Nab-Paclitaxel	T109,T121	C1527223
28366406	18	26	Advanced	T080	C0205179
28366406	27	54	HER2-negative Breast Cancer	T191	C3539878
28366406	55	63	Patients	T101	C0030705
28366406	65	73	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28366406	78	84	Safety	T068	C0036043
28366406	92	107	Clinical Trials	T062	C0008976
28366406	112	116	data	T078	C1511726
28366406	141	149	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28366406	154	160	safety	T068	C0036043
28366406	164	207	nanoparticle albumin-bound (nab)-paclitaxel	T109,T121	C1527223
28366406	211	233	advanced breast cancer	T191	C3495917
28366406	234	242	patients	T101	C0030705
28366406	253	269	controlled trial	T062	C0008976
28366406	290	296	weekly	T079	C0332174
28366406	297	305	schedule	T058	C0030703
28366406	324	338	collected data	T078	C1511726
28366406	342	364	advanced breast cancer	T191	C3495917
28366406	365	373	patients	T101	C0030705
28366406	383	393	candidates	T098	C0027361
28366406	400	412	treated with	T061	C0332293
28366406	413	419	weekly	T079	C0332174
28366406	451	456	weeks	T079	C0439230
28366406	474	478	week	T079	C0439230
28366406	496	501	weeks	T079	C0439230
28366406	516	525	schedules	T058	C0030703
28366406	529	543	nab-paclitaxel	T109,T121	C1527223
28366406	558	578	physician's decision	T077	C1709536
28366406	584	589	study	T062	C0008972
28366406	603	611	patients	T101	C0030705
28366406	641	647	weekly	T079	C0332174
28366406	648	662	nab-paclitaxel	T109,T121	C1527223
28366406	668	674	median	T081	C0876920
28366406	675	678	age	T032	C0001779
28366406	721	729	patients	T101	C0030705
28366406	749	778	triple-negative breast cancer	T191	C3539878
28366406	780	826	estrogen-recetor/progesteron-receptor-negative	T191	C3539878
28366406	833	839	median	T081	C0876920
28366406	840	846	number	T081	C0237753
28366406	850	856	cycles	T079	C1511572
28366406	870	891	overall response rate	T033	C3272903
28366406	915	925	population	T098	C1257890
28366406	975	983	schedule	T058	C0030703
28366406	994	1004	paclitaxel	T109,T121	C0144576
28366406	1005	1013	exposure	T080	C0332157
28366406	1027	1035	visceral	T082	C0442045
28366406	1036	1046	metastases	T191	C0027627
28366406	1051	1068	line of treatment	T061	C0087111
28366406	1074	1080	median	T081	C0876920
28366406	1081	1085	time	T079	C0040223
28366406	1089	1108	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28366406	1115	1121	months	T079	C0439231
28366406	1127	1146	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28366406	1160	1174	no differences	T033	C3842396
28366406	1192	1213	schedule of treatment	T061	C0040808
28366406	1222	1236	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28366406	1279	1287	patients	T101	C0030705
28366406	1298	1308	toxicities	T037	C0600688
28366406	1314	1322	alopecia	T047	C0002170
28366406	1332	1343	neutropenia	T047	C0027947
28366406	1354	1372	sensory neuropathy	T047	C0151313
28366406	1395	1399	data	T078	C1511726
28366406	1419	1428	schedules	T058	C0030703
28366406	1432	1446	nab-paclitaxel	T109,T121	C1527223
28366406	1474	1496	advanced breast cancer	T191	C3495917
28366406	1497	1505	patients	T101	C0030705
28366406	1526	1538	treated with	T061	C0332293
28366406	1545	1552	taxanes	T109	C0796419

28366539|t|Influence of the different anteromedial portal on femoral tunnel orientation during anatomic ACL reconstruction
28366539|a|The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of femoral tunnel orientation, drilled through the accessory anteromedial (AAM) portal or the high AM portal in anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. In 16 cadaver knees, using o'clock method, centers of the ACL femoral footprint were drilled with an 8-mm reamer via an AAM portal (eight knees) or a high AM portal (eight knees). Computed tomography (CT) scans were taken of each knee. Three-dimensional (3D) models were constructed to identify the femoral tunnel orientation and to create femoral tunnel virtual cylinders for measuring tunnel angles and length. In two of the 16 specimens, we observed a posterior femoral cortex blowout (PFCB) when drilling through a high AM portal. When drilled through the high AM portal, the femoral tunnel length was significantly shorter than when using an AAM portal (30.3 ± 3.8 mm and 38.2 ± 3.1 mm, p < 0.001). The femoral tunnel length was significantly shorter in the group with PFCB compared to the group with no PFCB (25.9 ± 0.6 mm and 35.5 ± 4.5 mm, p = 0.011). The axial obliquity of the high AM portal was significantly higher than that of the AAM portal (52.2 ± 5.9° and 43.0 ± 2.3°, p = 0.003). In anatomic ACL reconstruction, a mal-positioned AM portal can cause abnormal tunnel orientation, which may lead to mechanical failure during ACL reconstruction. Therefore, it is important to select accurate AM portal positioning, and possibly using an AAM portal by measuring an accurate position when drilling a femoral tunnel in anatomic ACL reconstruction.
28366539	17	26	different	T080	C1705242
28366539	27	46	anteromedial portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	50	64	femoral tunnel	T023	C0015811
28366539	65	76	orientation	T082	C1704322
28366539	84	92	anatomic	T080	C0220784
28366539	93	111	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0188185
28366539	145	153	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28366539	158	164	effect	T080	C1280500
28366539	168	182	femoral tunnel	T023	C0015811
28366539	183	194	orientation	T082	C1704322
28366539	196	203	drilled	T061	C0337279
28366539	216	251	accessory anteromedial (AAM) portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	259	273	high AM portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	277	333	anatomic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction	T061	C0188185
28366539	341	348	cadaver	T017	C0006629
28366539	349	354	knees	T023	C0022742
28366539	362	376	o'clock method	T061	C1293156
28366539	378	385	centers	T082	C0205099
28366539	393	414	ACL femoral footprint	T023	C0078960
28366539	420	427	drilled	T061	C0337279
28366539	441	447	reamer	T074	C3853551
28366539	455	465	AAM portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	473	478	knees	T023	C0022742
28366539	485	499	high AM portal	T061	C0087111
28366539	507	512	knees	T023	C0022742
28366539	515	545	Computed tomography (CT) scans	T060	C0040405
28366539	565	569	knee	T023	C0022742
28366539	571	600	Three-dimensional (3D) models	T075	C0026336
28366539	634	648	femoral tunnel	T023	C0015811
28366539	649	660	orientation	T082	C1704322
28366539	668	674	create	T052	C1706214
28366539	675	707	femoral tunnel virtual cylinders	T023	C0015811
28366539	712	721	measuring	T080	C0444706
28366539	722	735	tunnel angles	T030	C0229984
28366539	740	746	length	T081	C1444754
28366539	765	774	specimens	T167	C0370003
28366539	779	787	observed	T169	C1441672
28366539	790	822	posterior femoral cortex blowout	T046	C0021890
28366539	824	828	PFCB	T046	C0021890
28366539	835	843	drilling	T061	C0337279
28366539	844	851	through	T169	C0332273
28366539	854	868	high AM portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	875	882	drilled	T061	C0337279
28366539	883	890	through	T169	C0332273
28366539	895	909	high AM portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	915	929	femoral tunnel	T023	C0015811
28366539	930	936	length	T081	C1444754
28366539	941	954	significantly	T078	C0750502
28366539	955	962	shorter	T081	C1806781
28366539	982	992	AAM portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	1043	1057	femoral tunnel	T023	C0015811
28366539	1058	1064	length	T081	C1444754
28366539	1069	1082	significantly	T078	C0750502
28366539	1083	1090	shorter	T081	C1806781
28366539	1098	1103	group	T078	C0441833
28366539	1109	1113	PFCB	T046	C0021890
28366539	1114	1122	compared	T052	C1707455
28366539	1130	1135	group	T078	C0441833
28366539	1141	1148	no PFCB	T033	C0243095
28366539	1199	1214	axial obliquity	T082	C0205315
28366539	1222	1236	high AM portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	1241	1254	significantly	T078	C0750502
28366539	1255	1261	higher	T080	C0205250
28366539	1279	1289	AAM portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	1335	1343	anatomic	T080	C0220784
28366539	1344	1362	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0188185
28366539	1366	1380	mal-positioned	T082	C0333042
28366539	1381	1390	AM portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	1401	1409	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28366539	1410	1416	tunnel	T023	C0015811
28366539	1417	1428	orientation	T082	C1704322
28366539	1448	1458	mechanical	T169	C0443254
28366539	1474	1492	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0188185
28366539	1531	1539	accurate	T080	C0443131
28366539	1540	1549	AM portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	1550	1561	positioning	T082	C0733755
28366539	1585	1595	AAM portal	T061	C0185154
28366539	1599	1608	measuring	T080	C0444706
28366539	1612	1620	accurate	T080	C0443131
28366539	1621	1629	position	T082	C0733755
28366539	1635	1643	drilling	T061	C0337279
28366539	1646	1660	femoral tunnel	T023	C0015811
28366539	1664	1672	anatomic	T080	C0220784
28366539	1673	1691	ACL reconstruction	T061	C0188185

28366632|t|Inhibition of N-glycan processing modulates the network of EDEM3 interactors
28366632|a|We present here data on EDEM3 network of ER resident interactors and the changes induced upon this network by perturbing the early ER N-glycan processing with mannosidase and glucosidase inhibitors. By coupling immunoprecipitation with mass spectrometry we identified EDEM3 interactors and assigned statistical significance to those most abundant ER - residents that might form functional complexes with EDEM3. We further show that this ER interaction network changes in both content and abundance upon treatment with kifunensine (kif) and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) which suggests that when interfering with the N-glycan processing pathway, the functional complexes involving EDEM3 adapt to maintain the cellular homeostasis. In order to increase the scope of EDEM3 network contenders, the set of MS identified species was further supplemented with putative interactors derived from in silico simulations performed with STRING. Finally, the most interesting candidates to this network were further validated by immunoprecipitation coupled with Western Blotting, which strengthened the confidence in the inferred interactions. The data corroborated herein suggest that besides ER residents, EDEM3 interacts also with proteins involved in the ERAD cargo recognition and targeting to degradation translocation into the cytosol, including UBA1 and UBA2 ubiquitinating enzymes. In addition, the results indicate that this network of EDEM3 interactors is highly sensitive to interfering with early ER N-glycan processing.
28366632	0	10	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28366632	14	33	N-glycan processing	T044	C1157446
28366632	34	43	modulates	T082	C0443264
28366632	48	55	network	T169	C3178902
28366632	59	64	EDEM3	T116,T123	C3493010
28366632	65	76	interactors	T116,T123	C0033684
28366632	93	97	data	T078	C1511726
28366632	101	106	EDEM3	T116,T123	C3493010
28366632	107	114	network	T169	C3178902
28366632	118	120	ER	T026	C0014239
28366632	121	141	resident interactors	T116,T123	C0033684
28366632	176	183	network	T169	C3178902
28366632	208	210	ER	T026	C0014239
28366632	211	230	N-glycan processing	T044	C1157446
28366632	236	247	mannosidase	T116,T126	C0024746
28366632	252	263	glucosidase	T116,T126	C0017764
28366632	264	274	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28366632	279	287	coupling	T169	C1948027
28366632	288	307	immunoprecipitation	T059	C0021069
28366632	313	330	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28366632	334	344	identified	T080	C0205396
28366632	345	350	EDEM3	T116,T123	C3493010
28366632	351	362	interactors	T116,T123	C0033684
28366632	367	375	assigned	T169	C1516050
28366632	376	400	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
28366632	415	423	abundant	T080	C2346714
28366632	424	426	ER	T026	C0014239
28366632	429	438	residents	T116,T123	C0033684
28366632	455	465	functional	T169	C0205245
28366632	466	475	complexes	T116,T123	C1180347
28366632	481	486	EDEM3	T116,T123	C3493010
28366632	514	516	ER	T026	C0014239
28366632	517	528	interaction	T169	C1704675
28366632	537	544	changes	T169	C0392747
28366632	553	560	content	T077	C0456205
28366632	565	574	abundance	T080	C2346714
28366632	580	589	treatment	T061	C0087111
28366632	595	606	kifunensine	T109,T121	C0083136
28366632	608	611	kif	T109,T121	C0083136
28366632	617	640	N-butyldeoxynojirimycin	T109,T121	C1321596
28366632	642	648	NB-DNJ	T109,T121	C1321596
28366632	675	691	interfering with	T169	C0521102
28366632	696	715	N-glycan processing	T044	C1157446
28366632	716	723	pathway	T044	C1704259
28366632	729	739	functional	T169	C0205245
28366632	760	765	EDEM3	T116,T123	C3493010
28366632	775	783	maintain	T052	C0024501
28366632	788	808	cellular homeostasis	T043	C2244223
28366632	822	830	increase	T169	C0442805
28366632	844	849	EDEM3	T116,T123	C3493010
28366632	850	857	network	T169	C3178902
28366632	858	868	contenders	T098	C1257890
28366632	881	883	MS	T059	C0037813
28366632	884	894	identified	T080	C0205396
28366632	895	902	species	T185	C1705920
28366632	933	953	putative interactors	T116,T123	C0033684
28366632	967	976	in silico	T066	C3489666
28366632	977	988	simulations	T062	C0679083
28366632	989	998	performed	T169	C0884358
28366632	1004	1010	STRING	T170	C1547402
28366632	1042	1052	candidates	T098	C1257890
28366632	1061	1068	network	T169	C3178902
28366632	1095	1114	immunoprecipitation	T059	C0021069
28366632	1115	1122	coupled	T169	C1948027
28366632	1128	1144	Western Blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28366632	1260	1262	ER	T026	C0014239
28366632	1263	1272	residents	T116,T123	C0033684
28366632	1274	1279	EDEM3	T116,T123	C3493010
28366632	1280	1289	interacts	T169	C1704675
28366632	1300	1308	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28366632	1325	1329	ERAD	T044	C3178997
28366632	1330	1347	cargo recognition	T044	C0599844
28366632	1365	1376	degradation	T044	C0314674
28366632	1377	1390	translocation	T043	C0599718
28366632	1400	1407	cytosol	T026	C4236623
28366632	1419	1423	UBA1	T116,T123	C0377610
28366632	1428	1432	UBA2	T116,T126	C1306952
28366632	1433	1447	ubiquitinating	T044	C1519751
28366632	1448	1455	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28366632	1474	1481	results	T169	C1274040
28366632	1501	1508	network	T169	C3178902
28366632	1512	1517	EDEM3	T116,T123	C3493010
28366632	1518	1529	interactors	T116,T123	C0033684
28366632	1533	1539	highly	T080	C0205250
28366632	1540	1549	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28366632	1553	1569	interfering with	T169	C0521102
28366632	1570	1575	early	T079	C1279919
28366632	1576	1578	ER	T026	C0014239
28366632	1579	1598	N-glycan processing	T044	C1157446

28366770|t|A bio-cultural approach to the study of food choice: The contribution of taste genetics, population and culture
28366770|a|The study of food choice, one of the most complex human traits, requires an integrated approach that takes into account environmental, socio-cultural and biological diversity. We recruited 183 volunteers from four geo-linguistic groups and highly diversified in terms of both genetic background and food habits from whom we collected genotypes and phenotypes tightly linked to taste perception. We confirmed previous genetic associations, in particular with stevioside perception, and noted significant differences in food consumption: in particular, broccoli, mustard and beer consumption scores were significantly higher (Adjusted P = 0.02, Adjusted P < 0.0001 and Adjusted P = 0.01, respectively) in North Europeans, when compared to the other groups. Licorice and Parmesan cheese showed lower consumption and liking scores in the Sri Lankan group (Adjusted P = 0.001 and Adjusted P < 0.001, respectively). We also highlighted how rs860170 (TAS2R16) strongly differentiated populations and was associated to salicin bitterness perception. Identifying genetic variants on chemosensory receptors that vary across populations and show associations with taste perception and food habits represents a step towards a better comprehension of this complex trait, aimed at improving the individual health status. This is the first study that concurrently explores the contribution of genetics, population diversity and cultural aspects in taste perception and food consumption.
28366770	2	23	bio-cultural approach	T082	C0449445
28366770	31	36	study	T062	C2603343
28366770	40	44	food	T168	C0016452
28366770	45	51	choice	T055	C0008300
28366770	73	78	taste	T042	C0039336
28366770	79	87	genetics	T169	C0017399
28366770	89	99	population	T098	C1257890
28366770	104	111	culture	T078	C0010453
28366770	116	121	study	T062	C2603343
28366770	125	129	food	T168	C0016452
28366770	130	136	choice	T055	C0008300
28366770	162	167	human	T016	C0086418
28366770	168	174	traits	T032	C0599883
28366770	232	245	environmental	T082	C0014406
28366770	247	261	socio-cultural	T078	C0010453
28366770	266	286	biological diversity	T080	C0282469
28366770	305	315	volunteers	T098	C0020155
28366770	326	347	geo-linguistic groups	T098	C1257890
28366770	359	370	diversified	T080	C1880371
28366770	388	406	genetic background	T032	C4042916
28366770	411	422	food habits	T055	C0016468
28366770	446	455	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28366770	460	470	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28366770	489	505	taste perception	T042	C0039336
28366770	529	536	genetic	T169	C0314603
28366770	570	580	stevioside	T109,T121	C0075246
28366770	581	591	perception	T041	C0030971
28366770	630	646	food consumption	T052	C2983605
28366770	663	671	broccoli	T168	C0330499
28366770	673	680	mustard	T168	C0026872
28366770	685	701	beer consumption	T033	C2107808
28366770	702	708	scores	T081	C0449820
28366770	815	830	North Europeans	T098	C1257890
28366770	859	865	groups	T098	C1257890
28366770	867	875	Licorice	T109,T121	C0086555
28366770	880	895	Parmesan cheese	T168	C0452784
28366770	909	920	consumption	T052	C2983605
28366770	932	938	scores	T081	C0449820
28366770	946	962	Sri Lankan group	T098	C1553327
28366770	1046	1064	rs860170 (TAS2R16)	T028	C1423055
28366770	1089	1100	populations	T098	C1257890
28366770	1123	1130	salicin	T109,T121	C0073969
28366770	1131	1152	bitterness perception	T040	C1154610
28366770	1166	1173	genetic	T169	C0314603
28366770	1174	1182	variants	T080	C0205419
28366770	1186	1208	chemosensory receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
28366770	1226	1237	populations	T098	C1257890
28366770	1265	1281	taste perception	T042	C0039336
28366770	1286	1297	food habits	T055	C0016468
28366770	1363	1368	trait	T032	C0599883
28366770	1393	1403	individual	T098	C0237401
28366770	1404	1417	health status	T080	C0018759
28366770	1437	1442	study	T062	C2603343
28366770	1490	1498	genetics	T169	C0017399
28366770	1500	1510	population	T098	C1257890
28366770	1511	1520	diversity	T080	C1880371
28366770	1525	1541	cultural aspects	T169	C0220814
28366770	1545	1561	taste perception	T042	C0039336
28366770	1566	1582	food consumption	T052	C2983605

28367636|t|Closing the Loop in Adults, Children and Adolescents With Suboptimally Controlled Type 1 Diabetes Under Free Living Conditions: A Psychosocial Substudy
28367636|a|The objective was to explore psychosocial experiences of closed loop technology for adults, children, and adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their parents taking part in two multicenter, free - living, randomized crossover home studies. Participants using insulin pump therapy were randomized to either 12 weeks of automated closed-loop glucose control, then 12 weeks of sensor augmented insulin pump therapy (open loop), or vice versa. Closed loop was used for 24 hours by adults and overnight only by children and adolescents. Participants completed the Diabetes Technology Questionnaire (DTQ) periodically and shared their views in semistructured interviews. This analysis characterizes the impact of the technology, positive and negative aspects of living with the device, alongside participants ' expectations, hopes, and anxieties. Participants were 32 adults, age 38.6 ± 9.6 years, 55% male, and 26 children, mean age 12 years (range 6-18 years), 54% male. DTQ results indicated moderately favorable impact of, and satisfaction with, both open and closed loop interventions, but little evidence of a comparative advantage of either. Key positive themes included perceived improved blood glucose control, improved general well-being, particularly on waking, improved sleep, reduced burden of diabetes, and visibility of data. Key negative themes included having to carry around the equipment and dislike of the pump and second cannula (ie, sensor) inserted. Overall, participants reported a positive experience of the closed loop technology. Results are consistent with previous research with size of equipment continuing to be a problem. Progress is being made in the usability of the closed-loop system.
28367636	0	16	Closing the Loop	T169	C0443183
28367636	20	26	Adults	T100	C0001675
28367636	28	36	Children	T100	C0008059
28367636	41	52	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
28367636	58	97	Suboptimally Controlled Type 1 Diabetes	T033	C2732401
28367636	104	108	Free	T078	C0870587
28367636	109	126	Living Conditions	T080	C0337645
28367636	130	142	Psychosocial	T169	C0542298
28367636	143	151	Substudy	T062	C2603343
28367636	181	205	psychosocial experiences	T033	C1458132
28367636	209	231	closed loop technology	T074	C0181334
28367636	236	242	adults	T100	C0001675
28367636	244	252	children	T100	C0008059
28367636	258	269	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28367636	275	290	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28367636	301	308	parents	T099	C0030551
28367636	328	339	multicenter	T062	C1096776
28367636	341	345	free	T078	C0870587
28367636	348	354	living	T080	C0337645
28367636	356	366	randomized	T062	C0034656
28367636	367	389	crossover home studies	T062	C0150097
28367636	391	403	Participants	T098	C0679646
28367636	410	422	insulin pump	T074	C1140609
28367636	423	430	therapy	T061	C0087111
28367636	436	446	randomized	T062	C0034656
28367636	460	465	weeks	T079	C0439230
28367636	469	478	automated	T169	C0205554
28367636	479	490	closed-loop	T169	C0443183
28367636	491	506	glucose control	T130	C0726398
28367636	516	521	weeks	T079	C0439230
28367636	525	531	sensor	T073	C0183210
28367636	532	541	augmented	T081	C0205217
28367636	542	554	insulin pump	T074	C1140609
28367636	555	562	therapy	T061	C0087111
28367636	564	573	open loop	T169	C0559530
28367636	591	602	Closed loop	T169	C0443183
28367636	619	624	hours	T079	C0439227
28367636	628	634	adults	T100	C0001675
28367636	639	648	overnight	T079	C0439583
28367636	657	665	children	T100	C0008059
28367636	670	681	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28367636	683	695	Participants	T098	C0679646
28367636	710	743	Diabetes Technology Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28367636	745	748	DTQ	T170	C0034394
28367636	750	762	periodically	T079	C0332182
28367636	780	785	views	T082	C0449911
28367636	789	814	semistructured interviews	UnknownType	C0681913
28367636	821	829	analysis	T062	C0936012
28367636	830	843	characterizes	T078	C3875152
28367636	848	854	impact	T080	C4049986
28367636	862	872	technology	T090	C0039421
28367636	874	882	positive	T033	C1446409
28367636	887	895	negative	T080	C3853545
28367636	907	913	living	T080	C0337645
28367636	923	929	device	T074	C0025080
28367636	941	953	participants	T098	C0679646
28367636	956	968	expectations	T078	C0679138
28367636	970	975	hopes	T041	C0392347
28367636	981	990	anxieties	T033	C0003467
28367636	992	1004	Participants	T098	C0679646
28367636	1013	1019	adults	T100	C0001675
28367636	1036	1041	years	T079	C0439234
28367636	1047	1051	male	T032	C0086582
28367636	1060	1068	children	T100	C0008059
28367636	1075	1078	age	T032	C0001779
28367636	1082	1087	years	T079	C0439234
28367636	1100	1105	years	T079	C0439234
28367636	1112	1116	male	T032	C0086582
28367636	1118	1121	DTQ	T170	C0034394
28367636	1122	1129	results	T169	C1274040
28367636	1140	1167	moderately favorable impact	T080	C4049986
28367636	1200	1204	open	T169	C0559530
28367636	1209	1220	closed loop	T169	C0443183
28367636	1221	1234	interventions	T061	C0184661
28367636	1247	1255	evidence	T078	C3887511
28367636	1261	1282	comparative advantage	UnknownType	C0681074
28367636	1298	1313	positive themes	T033	C1446409
28367636	1333	1363	improved blood glucose control	T130	C1873605
28367636	1365	1392	improved general well-being	T033	C2939150
28367636	1410	1416	waking	T039	C0442696
28367636	1418	1432	improved sleep	T040	C0037313
28367636	1434	1441	reduced	T080	C0392756
28367636	1442	1448	burden	T078	C2828008
28367636	1452	1460	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28367636	1466	1476	visibility	T080	C0205556
28367636	1480	1484	data	T078	C1511726
28367636	1490	1505	negative themes	T080	C3853545
28367636	1542	1551	equipment	T073	C0014672
28367636	1556	1563	dislike	T041	C0870431
28367636	1571	1575	pump	T074	C1140609
28367636	1587	1594	cannula	T074	C0520453
28367636	1600	1606	sensor	T073	C0183210
28367636	1627	1639	participants	T098	C0679646
28367636	1651	1659	positive	T033	C1446409
28367636	1660	1670	experience	T055	C0683573
28367636	1678	1700	closed loop technology	T074	C0181334
28367636	1702	1709	Results	T169	C1274040
28367636	1714	1729	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28367636	1753	1757	size	T082	C0456389
28367636	1761	1770	equipment	T073	C0014672
28367636	1790	1797	problem	T033	C0033213
28367636	1829	1838	usability	T169	C0457083
28367636	1846	1864	closed-loop system	T074	C0181334

28367681|t|Do polymorphisms in MDR1 and CYP3A5 genes influence the risk of cytogenetic relapse in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia on imatinib therapy?
28367681|a|Influence of polymorphisms in the genes coding for imatinib transporters and metabolizing enzymes on cytogenetic relapse in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is not known. One hundred and four patients (52 cases with cytogenetic relapse and 52 controls without relapse) with chronic-phase CML on imatinib therapy and have completed 5 years of follow-up were enrolled. The following single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped; C1236T, C3435T, G2677T / A in MDR1 gene and A6986G in CYP3A5 gene, using PCR-RFLP method and validated by direct gene sequencing. Imatinib trough levels were measured using LC-MS / MS. Patients with CC genotype for MDR1 - C1236T polymorphism were at significantly higher risk for cytogenetic relapse [OR =4.382, 95% CI (1.145, 16.774), p = .022], while those with TT genotype for MDR1 - C3435T polymorphism had significantly lower risk of relapse [OR =0.309, 95% CI (0.134, 0.708), p = .005]. Imatinib trough levels were lower in patients with relapse compared to those without relapse (1551.4 ± 1324.1 vs. 2154.2 ± 1358.3 ng/mL; p = .041). MDR1 - C3435T genotype [adjusted-OR: 0.266; 95% CI (0.111, 0.636); p = .003] and trough levels (p = .014) were independent predictors of relapse in multivariate analysis. To conclude, C1236T and C3435T polymorphisms in MDR1 gene and trough levels significantly influence the risk of cytogenetic relapse. MDR1 - C3435T genotype might emerge as a potential biomarker to predict the risk of cytogenetic relapse in patients with CML.
28367681	3	16	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28367681	20	24	MDR1	T028	C0376622
28367681	29	41	CYP3A5 genes	T028	C1413882
28367681	42	51	influence	T077	C4054723
28367681	56	60	risk	T078	C0035647
28367681	64	83	cytogenetic relapse	T191	C0920028
28367681	87	95	patients	T101	C0030705
28367681	101	125	chronic myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023473
28367681	129	137	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
28367681	138	145	therapy	T061	C0087111
28367681	147	156	Influence	T077	C4054723
28367681	160	173	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28367681	181	193	genes coding	T045	C0314627
28367681	198	206	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
28367681	207	219	transporters	T116,T123	C0007292
28367681	224	244	metabolizing enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28367681	248	267	cytogenetic relapse	T191	C0920028
28367681	271	279	patients	T101	C0030705
28367681	285	309	chronic myeloid leukemia	T191	C0023473
28367681	311	314	CML	T191	C0023473
28367681	351	359	patients	T101	C0030705
28367681	375	394	cytogenetic relapse	T191	C0920028
28367681	402	410	controls	T096	C0009932
28367681	433	450	chronic-phase CML	T191	C0023473
28367681	454	462	imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
28367681	463	470	therapy	T061	C0087111
28367681	492	497	years	T079	C0439234
28367681	501	510	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28367681	540	571	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28367681	573	577	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28367681	584	593	genotyped	T059	C1285573
28367681	595	601	C1236T	T086	C0314659
28367681	603	609	C3435T	T086	C0314659
28367681	611	617	G2677T	T086	C0314659
28367681	620	621	A	T086	C0314659
28367681	625	634	MDR1 gene	T028	C0376622
28367681	639	645	A6986G	T086	C0314659
28367681	649	660	CYP3A5 gene	T028	C1413882
28367681	668	683	PCR-RFLP method	T059	C3714764
28367681	708	723	gene sequencing	T059	C1294197
28367681	725	733	Imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
28367681	768	773	LC-MS	T059	C0872318
28367681	776	778	MS	T059	C0037813
28367681	780	788	Patients	T101	C0030705
28367681	794	805	CC genotype	T032	C0017431
28367681	810	814	MDR1	T028	C0376622
28367681	817	823	C1236T	T086	C0314659
28367681	824	836	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28367681	866	870	risk	T078	C0035647
28367681	875	894	cytogenetic relapse	T191	C0920028
28367681	959	970	TT genotype	T032	C0017431
28367681	975	979	MDR1	T028	C0376622
28367681	982	988	C3435T	T086	C0314659
28367681	989	1001	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28367681	1026	1030	risk	T078	C0035647
28367681	1034	1041	relapse	T191	C0920028
28367681	1088	1096	Imatinib	T109,T121	C0935989
28367681	1125	1133	patients	T101	C0030705
28367681	1139	1146	relapse	T191	C0920028
28367681	1173	1180	relapse	T191	C0920028
28367681	1236	1240	MDR1	T028	C0376622
28367681	1243	1249	C3435T	T086	C0314659
28367681	1250	1258	genotype	T032	C0017431
28367681	1359	1369	predictors	T078	C2698872
28367681	1373	1380	relapse	T191	C0920028
28367681	1384	1405	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28367681	1420	1426	C1236T	T086	C0314659
28367681	1431	1437	C3435T	T086	C0314659
28367681	1438	1451	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28367681	1455	1464	MDR1 gene	T028	C0376622
28367681	1497	1506	influence	T077	C4054723
28367681	1511	1515	risk	T078	C0035647
28367681	1519	1538	cytogenetic relapse	T191	C0920028
28367681	1540	1544	MDR1	T028	C0376622
28367681	1547	1553	C3435T	T086	C0314659
28367681	1554	1562	genotype	T032	C0017431
28367681	1591	1600	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28367681	1616	1620	risk	T078	C0035647
28367681	1624	1643	cytogenetic relapse	T191	C0920028
28367681	1647	1655	patients	T101	C0030705
28367681	1661	1664	CML	T191	C0023473

28367767|t|Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 outbreak detected in inter-seasonal months during the surveillance of influenza-like illness in Pune, India, 2012-2015
28367767|a|An outbreak of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was detected during the ongoing community-based surveillance of influenza-like illness (ILI). Among reported 119 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases (59 cases in the year 2012 and 60 cases in 2015) in summer months, common clinical features were fever (100%), cough (90·7%), sore throat (85·7%), nasal discharge (48·7%), headache (55·5%), fatigue (18·5%), breathlessness (3·4%), and ear discharge (1·7%). Rise in ILI cases were negatively correlated with the seasonal factors such as relative humidity (Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient, i.e. r = -0·71 in the year 2012 and r = -0·44 in the year 2015), while rise in ILI cases were positively correlated with the temperature difference (r = 0·44 in the year 2012 and r = 0·77 in the year 2015). The effective reproduction number R, was estimated to be 1·30 in 2012 and 1·64 in 2015. The study highlights the rise in unusual influenza activity in summer month with high attack rate of ILI among children aged ⩽9 years. Children in this age group may need special attention for influenza vaccination. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 outbreak was confirmed in inter-seasonal months during the surveillance of ILI in Pune, India, 2012-2015.
28367767	0	22	Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09	T005	C1615607
28367767	23	31	outbreak	T067	C0012652
28367767	32	40	detected	T033	C0442726
28367767	44	65	inter-seasonal months	T079	C0439231
28367767	77	89	surveillance	T169	C0220920
28367767	93	115	influenza-like illness	T047	C0521839
28367767	119	123	Pune	UnknownType	C0681784
28367767	125	130	India	T083	C0021201
28367767	145	153	outbreak	T067	C0012652
28367767	157	179	influenza A(H1N1)pdm09	T005	C1615607
28367767	184	192	detected	T033	C0442726
28367767	212	240	community-based surveillance	T058	C0812180
28367767	244	266	influenza-like illness	T047	C0521839
28367767	268	271	ILI	T047	C0521839
28367767	293	315	influenza A(H1N1)pdm09	T005	C1615607
28367767	316	321	cases	T077	C1706256
28367767	326	331	cases	T077	C1706256
28367767	339	343	year	T079	C0439234
28367767	356	361	cases	T077	C1706256
28367767	374	380	summer	T079	C0241301
28367767	381	387	months	T079	C0439231
28367767	396	413	clinical features	T080	C2348519
28367767	419	424	fever	T184	C0015967
28367767	433	438	cough	T184	C0010200
28367767	448	459	sore throat	T184	C0242429
28367767	469	484	nasal discharge	T184	C1260880
28367767	494	502	headache	T184	C0018681
28367767	512	519	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28367767	529	543	breathlessness	T184	C0013404
28367767	556	569	ear discharge	T033	C0155540
28367767	586	589	ILI	T047	C0521839
28367767	590	595	cases	T077	C1706256
28367767	612	622	correlated	T080	C1707520
28367767	632	648	seasonal factors	T080	C0205556
28367767	657	674	relative humidity	T081	C0428696
28367767	676	714	Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient	T081	C0392762
28367767	738	742	year	T079	C0439234
28367767	769	773	year	T079	C0439234
28367767	795	798	ILI	T047	C0521839
28367767	799	804	cases	T077	C1706256
28367767	821	831	correlated	T080	C1707520
28367767	841	863	temperature difference	T081	C1547047
28367767	881	885	year	T079	C0439234
28367767	911	915	year	T079	C0439234
28367767	927	956	effective reproduction number	T081	C1564867
28367767	964	973	estimated	T081	C0750572
28367767	1044	1070	unusual influenza activity	T070	C1254365
28367767	1074	1080	summer	T079	C0241301
28367767	1081	1086	month	T079	C0439231
28367767	1097	1108	attack rate	T081	C0683920
28367767	1112	1115	ILI	T047	C0521839
28367767	1122	1130	children	T100	C0008059
28367767	1139	1144	years	T079	C0439234
28367767	1146	1154	Children	T100	C0008059
28367767	1163	1172	age group	T100	C0027362
28367767	1204	1225	influenza vaccination	T061	C0042200
28367767	1227	1249	Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09	T005	C1615607
28367767	1250	1258	outbreak	T067	C0012652
28367767	1276	1297	inter-seasonal months	T079	C0439231
28367767	1309	1321	surveillance	T169	C0220920
28367767	1325	1328	ILI	T047	C0521839
28367767	1332	1336	Pune	UnknownType	C0681784
28367767	1338	1343	India	T083	C0021201

28367982|t|Okanin, effective constituent of the flower tea Coreopsis tinctoria, attenuates LPS -induced microglial activation through inhibition of the TLR4 / NF-κB signaling pathways
28367982|a|The EtOAc extract of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. significantly inhibited LPS -induced nitric oxide (NO) production, as judged by the Griess reaction, and attenuated the LPS -induced elevation in iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA levels, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR, when incubated with BV-2 microglial cells. Immunohistochemical results showed that the EtOAc extract significantly decreased the number of Iba-1-positive cells in the hippocampal region of LPS - treated mouse brains. The major effective constituent of the EtOAc extract, okanin, was further investigated. Okanin significantly suppressed LPS -induced iNOS expression and also inhibited IL-6 and TNF-α production and mRNA expression in LPS - stimulated BV-2 cells. Western blot analysis indicated that okanin suppressed LPS -induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα and decreasing the level of nuclear NF-κB p65 after LPS treatment. Immunofluorescence staining results showed that okanin inhibited the translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit from the cytosol to the nucleus. Moreover, okanin significantly inhibited LPS -induced TLR4 expression in BV-2 cells. In summary, okanin attenuates LPS -induced activation of microglia. This effect may be associated with its capacity to inhibit the TLR4 / NF-κB signaling pathways. These results suggest that okanin may have potential as a nutritional preventive strategy for neurodegenerative disorders.
28367982	0	6	Okanin	T109,T121	C2934842
28367982	37	47	flower tea	T168	C0039400
28367982	48	67	Coreopsis tinctoria	T002	C1009564
28367982	69	79	attenuates	T052	C0599946
28367982	80	83	LPS	T109	C0023810
28367982	93	103	microglial	T025	C0206116
28367982	104	114	activation	T043	C1326120
28367982	123	133	inhibition	T043	C1519312
28367982	141	145	TLR4	T116,T192	C1411976
28367982	148	172	NF-κB signaling pathways	T045	C1513838
28367982	177	182	EtOAc	T109,T121	C0059747
28367982	183	190	extract	T123	C0032081
28367982	194	219	Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.	T002	C1009564
28367982	244	247	LPS	T109	C0023810
28367982	257	269	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28367982	271	273	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28367982	304	319	Griess reaction	T169	C0443286
28367982	325	335	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28367982	340	343	LPS	T109	C0023810
28367982	366	370	iNOS	T028	C1417760
28367982	372	377	COX-2	T028	C1367485
28367982	379	384	IL-1β	T028	C1334112
28367982	386	390	IL-6	T028	C1334122
28367982	395	400	TNF-α	T028	C0812246
28367982	401	412	mRNA levels	T114,T123	C0035696
28367982	431	457	quantitative real-time PCR	T063	C3179034
28367982	479	500	BV-2 microglial cells	T025	C0206116
28367982	502	529	Immunohistochemical results	T060	C0021044
28367982	546	551	EtOAc	T109,T121	C0059747
28367982	552	559	extract	T123	C0032081
28367982	598	618	Iba-1-positive cells	T025	C0007634
28367982	626	644	hippocampal region	T023	C0019564
28367982	648	651	LPS	T109	C0023810
28367982	654	661	treated	T169	C1522326
28367982	662	667	mouse	T015	C0025929
28367982	668	674	brains	T023	C0006104
28367982	715	720	EtOAc	T109,T121	C0059747
28367982	721	728	extract	T123	C0032081
28367982	730	736	okanin	T109,T121	C2934842
28367982	764	770	Okanin	T109,T121	C2934842
28367982	785	795	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28367982	796	799	LPS	T109	C0023810
28367982	809	813	iNOS	T116,T126	C1565683
28367982	814	824	expression	T045	C1171362
28367982	844	848	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28367982	853	858	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28367982	874	889	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28367982	893	896	LPS	T109	C0023810
28367982	899	909	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28367982	910	920	BV-2 cells	T025	C0206116
28367982	922	943	Western blot analysis	T059	C0949466
28367982	959	965	okanin	T109,T121	C2934842
28367982	966	976	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28367982	977	980	LPS	T109	C0023810
28367982	990	1000	activation	T043	C1326120
28367982	1008	1031	NF-κB signaling pathway	T045	C1513838
28367982	1050	1065	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28367982	1069	1073	IκBα	T116,T126	C0663914
28367982	1102	1109	nuclear	T082	C0521447
28367982	1110	1119	NF-κB p65	T116,T123	C1567061
28367982	1126	1129	LPS	T109	C0023810
28367982	1130	1139	treatment	T169	C1522326
28367982	1141	1168	Immunofluorescence staining	T059	C0079603
28367982	1189	1195	okanin	T109,T121	C2934842
28367982	1210	1223	translocation	T043	C0599893
28367982	1231	1248	NF-κB p65 subunit	T116,T123	C1567061
28367982	1258	1265	cytosol	T026	C1383501
28367982	1273	1280	nucleus	T026	C0007610
28367982	1292	1298	okanin	T109,T121	C2934842
28367982	1323	1326	LPS	T109	C0023810
28367982	1336	1340	TLR4	T116,T192	C1411976
28367982	1341	1351	expression	T045	C0597360
28367982	1355	1365	BV-2 cells	T025	C0206116
28367982	1379	1385	okanin	T109,T121	C2934842
28367982	1386	1396	attenuates	T052	C0599946
28367982	1397	1400	LPS	T109	C0023810
28367982	1410	1420	activation	T043	C1326120
28367982	1424	1433	microglia	T025	C0206116
28367982	1454	1469	associated with	T080	C0332281
28367982	1486	1493	inhibit	T043	C1519312
28367982	1498	1502	TLR4	T116,T192	C1411976
28367982	1505	1529	NF-κB signaling pathways	T045	C1513838
28367982	1558	1564	okanin	T109,T121	C2934842
28367982	1589	1600	nutritional	T080	C1521739
28367982	1601	1620	preventive strategy	T080	C1456501
28367982	1625	1652	neurodegenerative disorders	T047	C0524851

28368267|t|Contextual Factors for Stunting Among Children of Age 6 to 24 Months in an Under-Privileged Community of Dhaka, Bangladesh
28368267|a|To determine factors associated with stunting among children aged 6 to 24 months in a slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh. We conducted this case control study during November 2009 to December 2012. Children were classified as case if length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) was <-2 and as control if LAZ was >-1 SD. The logistic regression model was used to find the factors associated with stunting. The significant risk factors for stunting were: child's age >12 months, maternal undernutrition, mother's education <5 years, consumption of untreated drinking water and monthly family income <100 USD. The findings of this study reiterated the role of maternal undernutrition and less education, consumption of untreated drinking water and poor family income as important associated factors of childhood stunting in resource-poor setting.
28368267	0	18	Contextual Factors	T041	C0542559
28368267	23	31	Stunting	T046	C0018273
28368267	38	46	Children	T100	C0008059
28368267	50	53	Age	T032	C0001779
28368267	62	68	Months	T079	C0439231
28368267	75	101	Under-Privileged Community	T096	C0009462
28368267	105	110	Dhaka	T083	C0004732
28368267	112	122	Bangladesh	T083	C0004732
28368267	136	143	factors	T169	C1521761
28368267	144	159	associated with	T080	C0332281
28368267	160	168	stunting	T046	C0018273
28368267	175	183	children	T100	C0008059
28368267	184	188	aged	T032	C0001779
28368267	197	203	months	T079	C0439231
28368267	209	213	slum	T080	C0037345
28368267	217	222	Dhaka	T083	C0004732
28368267	224	234	Bangladesh	T083	C0004732
28368267	254	272	case control study	T062	C0007328
28368267	312	320	Children	T100	C0008059
28368267	348	370	length-for-age Z-score	T081	C0871421
28368267	372	375	LAZ	T081	C0871421
28368267	392	399	control	T096	C0009932
28368267	403	406	LAZ	T081	C0871421
28368267	423	448	logistic regression model	UnknownType	C0681925
28368267	470	477	factors	T169	C1521761
28368267	478	493	associated with	T080	C0332281
28368267	494	502	stunting	T046	C0018273
28368267	520	532	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28368267	537	545	stunting	T046	C0018273
28368267	552	559	child's	T100	C0008059
28368267	560	563	age	T032	C0001779
28368267	568	574	months	T079	C0439231
28368267	576	584	maternal	T099	C0026591
28368267	585	599	undernutrition	T047	C0162429
28368267	601	619	mother's education	T033	C2924476
28368267	623	628	years	T079	C0439234
28368267	630	641	consumption	T040	C0684271
28368267	645	669	untreated drinking water	T167	C0599638
28368267	674	681	monthly	T079	C0332177
28368267	682	688	family	T099	C0015576
28368267	689	695	income	T081	C0021162
28368267	701	704	USD	T081	C1555442
28368267	710	718	findings	T033	C0243095
28368267	727	732	study	T062	C0007328
28368267	756	764	maternal	T099	C0026591
28368267	765	779	undernutrition	T047	C0162429
28368267	784	798	less education	T033	C0013658
28368267	800	811	consumption	T040	C0684271
28368267	815	839	untreated drinking water	T167	C0599638
28368267	849	855	family	T099	C0015576
28368267	856	862	income	T081	C0021162
28368267	876	886	associated	T080	C0332281
28368267	887	894	factors	T169	C1521761
28368267	898	907	childhood	T079	C0231335
28368267	908	916	stunting	T046	C0018273

28368473|t|Targeting MYC as a therapeutic intervention for anaplastic thyroid cancer
28368473|a|Recent studies showed that transcription of the MYC gene is driven by interaction of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins with acetylated histones on chromatin. A potent inhibitor, JQ1, which effectively disrupts the interaction of BET proteins with acetylated histones, preferentially suppresses transcription of the MYC gene. We recently reported that JQ1 decreased thyroid tumor growth and improved survival in a mouse model of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) by targeting MYC transcription. It remains to be elucidated on the role of MYC in human ATC and whether JQ1 could effectively target MYC as a novel treatment modality. To understand underlying molecular mechanisms of JQ1's effects on human ATC, we evaluated the efficacy of JQ1 in human ATC cell lines and xenograft models. We determined the effects of JQ1 on proliferation and invasion in cell lines and xenograft tumors. We identified key regulators critical for JQ1 -affected proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. JQ1 markedly inhibited proliferation of 4 ATC cell lines by suppression of MYC and elevation of p21and p27 to decrease phosphorylated Rb to delay cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. JQ1 blocked cell invasion by attenuating epithelial mesenchymal transition signals. These cell-based studies were further confirmed in xenograft studies in that the size and rate of tumor growth was inhibited by JQ1 via inhibition of p21-Cyclin/CDK-Rb-E2F signaling. These results suggest targeting MYC protein could be a potential novel treatment modality for human ATC for which effective treatment options are limited.
28368473	0	9	Targeting	T169	C1521840
28368473	10	13	MYC	T028	C0086661
28368473	19	43	therapeutic intervention	T061	C0808232
28368473	48	73	anaplastic thyroid cancer	T191	C0238461
28368473	74	88	Recent studies	T062	C2603343
28368473	101	114	transcription	T045	C0040649
28368473	122	130	MYC gene	T028	C0086661
28368473	144	155	interaction	T169	C1704675
28368473	159	210	bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28368473	216	235	acetylated histones	T044	C2753333
28368473	239	248	chromatin	T116	C0008546
28368473	252	268	potent inhibitor	T121	C1254351
28368473	270	273	JQ1	T109,T121	C3252362
28368473	293	301	disrupts	T080	C0332454
28368473	306	317	interaction	T169	C1704675
28368473	321	333	BET proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28368473	339	358	acetylated histones	T044	C2753333
28368473	375	385	suppresses	T169	C1260953
28368473	386	399	transcription	T045	C0040649
28368473	407	415	MYC gene	T028	C0086661
28368473	420	437	recently reported	T058	C0700287
28368473	443	446	JQ1	T109,T121	C3252362
28368473	447	456	decreased	T081	C0205216
28368473	457	470	thyroid tumor	T191	C0040136
28368473	471	477	growth	T191	C0598934
28368473	482	490	improved	T033	C0184511
28368473	491	499	survival	T169	C0220921
28368473	505	516	mouse model	T050	C2986594
28368473	520	545	anaplastic thyroid cancer	T191	C0238461
28368473	547	550	ATC	T191	C0238461
28368473	565	568	MYC	T028	C0086661
28368473	569	582	transcription	T045	C0040649
28368473	627	639	MYC in human	T116,T123	C1454487
28368473	640	643	ATC	T191	C0238461
28368473	656	659	JQ1	T080	C1999216
28368473	666	677	effectively	T080	C1704419
28368473	685	688	MYC	T116,T123	C1454487
28368473	694	718	novel treatment modality	T061	C0009429
28368473	745	765	molecular mechanisms	T044	C3537153
28368473	769	774	JQ1's	T080	C1999216
28368473	775	782	effects	T080	C1280500
28368473	786	791	human	T016	C0086418
28368473	792	795	ATC	T191	C0238461
28368473	800	809	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28368473	814	822	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28368473	826	829	JQ1	T080	C1999216
28368473	833	838	human	T016	C0086418
28368473	839	842	ATC	T191	C0238461
28368473	843	853	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28368473	858	874	xenograft models	T050	C1520166
28368473	894	901	effects	T080	C1280500
28368473	905	908	JQ1	T080	C1999216
28368473	912	925	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28368473	930	938	invasion	T033	C1269955
28368473	942	952	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28368473	957	966	xenograft	T061	C0520484
28368473	967	973	tumors	T191	C0027651
28368473	978	988	identified	T080	C0205396
28368473	989	1003	key regulators	T077	C1704735
28368473	1004	1012	critical	T080	C1511545
28368473	1017	1020	JQ1	T080	C1999216
28368473	1031	1044	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28368473	1049	1072	invasion of tumor cells	T033	C1269955
28368473	1074	1077	JQ1	T080	C1999216
28368473	1087	1096	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28368473	1097	1110	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28368473	1116	1119	ATC	T191	C0238461
28368473	1120	1130	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28368473	1134	1145	suppression	T169	C1260953
28368473	1149	1152	MYC	T116,T123	C1454487
28368473	1157	1166	elevation	T082	C0702240
28368473	1170	1180	p21and p27	T116	C0598086
28368473	1184	1192	decrease	T081	C0547047
28368473	1193	1207	phosphorylated	T044	C1158886
28368473	1208	1210	Rb	T116,T123	C0080113
28368473	1214	1230	delay cell cycle	T043	C0007586
28368473	1231	1242	progression	T169	C0449258
28368473	1252	1263	G0/G1 phase	T079	C0205390
28368473	1271	1278	S phase	T079	C0080129
28368473	1280	1283	JQ1	T080	C1999216
28368473	1284	1291	blocked	T169	C0332206
28368473	1292	1305	cell invasion	T033	C1269955
28368473	1321	1362	epithelial mesenchymal transition signals	T043	C1523298
28368473	1370	1388	cell-based studies	T062	C2603343
28368473	1402	1411	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28368473	1415	1424	xenograft	T061	C0520484
28368473	1425	1432	studies	T062	C2603343
28368473	1445	1449	size	T082	C0456389
28368473	1454	1458	rate	T081	C1521828
28368473	1462	1474	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28368473	1479	1488	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28368473	1492	1495	JQ1	T080	C1999216
28368473	1500	1510	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28368473	1514	1545	p21-Cyclin/CDK-Rb-E2F signaling	T044	C0037080
28368473	1553	1560	results	T169	C1274040
28368473	1579	1590	MYC protein	T116,T123	C1454487
28368473	1602	1611	potential	T080	C3245505
28368473	1612	1636	novel treatment modality	T061	C0009429
28368473	1641	1646	human	T016	C0086418
28368473	1647	1650	ATC	T191	C0238461
28368473	1661	1670	effective	T080	C1704419
28368473	1671	1688	treatment options	T061	C0683525
28368473	1693	1700	limited	T169	C0439801

28369089|t|Central nervous system tumours profile at a referral center in the Brazilian Amazon region, 1997-2014
28369089|a|Tumours of the Central Nervous System (CNS) are an important cause of mortality from cancer. Epidemiological data on neoplams affecting the CNS are scarce in Brazil, especially in the Amazon region. The study aims at describing the histopathological profile of CNS tumours cases at a high-complexity referral cancer center. This study has described a 17-year-series profile of CNS tumours, registered at a high-complexity referral cancer center in Pará state, from January 1997 until July 2014 in the Brazilian Amazon Region. Data was gathered from histopathology reports kept in the hospital's cancer registry and 949 cases of CNS tumours were analyzed. The most common histopathology were neuroepithelial tumours (approx. 40%) and meningioma was the most frequent especific tumor histologic subtype (22.2%). Neuroepithelial tumours were more frequent in patients with ages ranging from less than a year to 19 years, whereas metastatic tumours were prevalent in patients over 40 years of age. It was not found temporal trends during the studied period. The knowledge of these tumours profile is valuable for the understanding of cancer epidemiology in the region, since its prevalence is currently underreported and more awareness on the disease is needed.
28369089	0	30	Central nervous system tumours	T191	C0348374
28369089	31	38	profile	T059	C1979963
28369089	44	59	referral center	T093	C0598048
28369089	67	76	Brazilian	T033	C0238815
28369089	77	90	Amazon region	T083	C0017446
28369089	102	139	Tumours of the Central Nervous System	T191	C0348374
28369089	141	144	CNS	T022	C3714787
28369089	153	162	important	T080	C3898777
28369089	163	168	cause	T169	C0015127
28369089	172	181	mortality	T081	C0178686
28369089	187	193	cancer	T191	C0006826
28369089	195	210	Epidemiological	T062	C0002783
28369089	211	215	data	T078	C1511726
28369089	219	227	neoplams	T191	C0027651
28369089	228	237	affecting	T169	C0392760
28369089	242	245	CNS	T022	C3714787
28369089	260	266	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28369089	286	299	Amazon region	T083	C0017446
28369089	305	310	study	T062	C2603343
28369089	334	351	histopathological	T169	C0243140
28369089	352	359	profile	T059	C1979963
28369089	363	374	CNS tumours	T191	C0348374
28369089	375	380	cases	T077	C1706256
28369089	386	424	high-complexity referral cancer center	T093	C0598048
28369089	431	436	study	T062	C2603343
28369089	468	475	profile	T059	C1979963
28369089	479	490	CNS tumours	T191	C0348374
28369089	508	546	high-complexity referral cancer center	T093	C0598048
28369089	550	560	Pará state	T083	C1301808
28369089	603	612	Brazilian	T033	C0238815
28369089	613	626	Amazon Region	T083	C0017446
28369089	628	632	Data	T078	C1511726
28369089	637	645	gathered	T169	C1516698
28369089	651	673	histopathology reports	T170	C0807321
28369089	686	696	hospital's	T073,T093	C0019994
28369089	697	712	cancer registry	T170	C0805443
28369089	721	726	cases	T077	C1706256
28369089	730	741	CNS tumours	T191	C0348374
28369089	747	755	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28369089	773	787	histopathology	T169	C0243140
28369089	793	816	neuroepithelial tumours	T191	C0206715
28369089	835	845	meningioma	T191	C0025286
28369089	859	867	frequent	T079	C0332183
28369089	878	883	tumor	T191	C0027651
28369089	884	902	histologic subtype	T201	C0449574
28369089	912	935	Neuroepithelial tumours	T191	C0206715
28369089	946	954	frequent	T079	C0332183
28369089	958	966	patients	T101	C0030705
28369089	972	976	ages	T032	C0001779
28369089	977	984	ranging	T081	C1514721
28369089	1002	1006	year	T079	C1510829
28369089	1013	1018	years	T079	C1510829
28369089	1028	1046	metastatic tumours	T191	C0027627
28369089	1052	1061	prevalent	T081	C0220900
28369089	1065	1073	patients	T101	C0030705
28369089	1082	1087	years	T079	C1510829
28369089	1091	1094	age	T032	C0001779
28369089	1113	1121	temporal	T079	C0205374
28369089	1122	1128	trends	T079	C1521798
28369089	1129	1135	during	T079	C0347984
28369089	1148	1154	period	T079	C1948053
28369089	1160	1169	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28369089	1179	1186	tumours	T191	C0027651
28369089	1187	1194	profile	T059	C1979963
28369089	1215	1228	understanding	T041	C0162340
28369089	1232	1251	cancer epidemiology	T090	C0920738
28369089	1259	1265	region	T083	C0017446
28369089	1277	1287	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28369089	1324	1333	awareness	T041	C0004448
28369089	1341	1348	disease	T191	C0027651

28370033|t|Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure enhances inflammatory response and inhibits effect of antioxidant in RAW 264.7 cells
28370033|a|In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number and variety of electronic devices that emit electromagnetic waves. Because people live and work in close proximity to these pieces of electrical equipment, there is growing concern surrounding the destruction of homeostasis by electromagnetic field exposure. In the present study, the effects of 60 Hz 0.8 mT extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on a macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) were examined. Under defined ELF-EMF exposure conditions, the production of nitric oxide and pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, were increased in RAW 264.7 cells and the expression of those genes was also upregulated. However, cell proliferation was not altered. Translocation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B), molecules that act downstream of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, were increased to the nucleus under ELF-EMF exposure conditions. In addition, we found that ELF-EMF exposure elevated activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) 2, as well as positively affected the influx of calcium. Furthermore, with both the presence of a potent antioxidant (Resveratrol) and downregulation of the antioxidant -related gene Prx-1 (Peroxiredoxin-1), ELF-EMF was associated with higher inflammatory responses of macrophages. These results suggest that an ELF-EMF amplifies inflammatory response s through enhanced macrophage activation and can decrease the effectiveness of antioxidants. Bioelectromagnetics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
28370033	10	23	low-frequency	T070	C0678556
28370033	24	45	electromagnetic field	T070	C0013835
28370033	46	54	exposure	T080	C0332157
28370033	64	85	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28370033	90	98	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28370033	99	120	effect of antioxidant	T039	C3179302
28370033	124	139	RAW 264.7 cells	T025	C4042840
28370033	150	155	years	T079	C0439234
28370033	221	239	electronic devices	T073	C0699733
28370033	250	271	electromagnetic waves	T070	C3178989
28370033	281	287	people	T098	C0027361
28370033	340	360	electrical equipment	T073	C0014672
28370033	403	414	destruction	T052	C1948029
28370033	418	429	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28370033	433	454	electromagnetic field	T070	C0013835
28370033	455	463	exposure	T080	C0332157
28370033	480	485	study	T062	C2603343
28370033	491	501	effects of	T080	C1704420
28370033	525	538	low-frequency	T070	C0678556
28370033	539	561	electromagnetic fields	T070	C0013835
28370033	563	570	ELF-EMF	T070	C0013835
28370033	577	597	macrophage cell line	T025	C0024432
28370033	599	608	RAW 264.7	T025	C4042840
28370033	639	646	ELF-EMF	T070	C0013835
28370033	647	655	exposure	T080	C0332157
28370033	672	682	production	T052	C1883254
28370033	686	698	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28370033	703	719	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28370033	720	729	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28370033	731	736	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28370033	738	743	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28370033	749	753	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28370033	773	788	RAW 264.7 cells	T025	C4042840
28370033	797	807	expression	T045	C0017262
28370033	817	822	genes	T028	C0017337
28370033	832	843	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28370033	854	872	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28370033	890	903	Translocation	T043	C0599893
28370033	907	912	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28370033	914	936	nuclear factor kappa B	T116,T129	C0079904
28370033	958	968	downstream	T082	C0522506
28370033	976	992	pro-inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28370033	993	1002	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28370033	1026	1033	nucleus	T026	C0007610
28370033	1040	1047	ELF-EMF	T070	C0013835
28370033	1048	1056	exposure	T080	C0332157
28370033	1096	1103	ELF-EMF	T070	C0013835
28370033	1104	1112	exposure	T080	C0332157
28370033	1122	1132	activation	T052	C1879547
28370033	1136	1180	nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) 2	T116	C2985458
28370033	1227	1234	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28370033	1284	1295	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28370033	1297	1308	Resveratrol	T109,T121	C0073096
28370033	1314	1328	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28370033	1336	1347	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28370033	1357	1367	gene Prx-1	T028	C1418879
28370033	1369	1384	Peroxiredoxin-1	T028	C1418879
28370033	1387	1394	ELF-EMF	T070	C0013835
28370033	1422	1444	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
28370033	1448	1459	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28370033	1491	1498	ELF-EMF	T070	C0013835
28370033	1509	1530	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28370033	1550	1571	macrophage activation	T043	C0024426
28370033	1593	1606	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28370033	1610	1622	antioxidants	T121	C0003402

28370352|t|Serum levels of genomic DNA of α1(I) collagen are elevated in scleroderma patients
28370352|a|Recent studies have indicated that various nucleic acids are present in human sera, and attracted attention for their potential as novel disease markers in many human diseases. In this study, we tried to evaluate the possibility that DNA and RNA of collagens exist in human sera, and determined whether their serum levels can be useful biomarkers in scleroderma patients. The RNA or DNA of collagens were purified from sera, and detected by polymerase chain reaction or quantitated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Among approximately 18 360 bases of full-length α1(I) collagen DNA, various regions were detected by polymerase chain reaction in human sera. However, α2(I) collagen DNA, α1(I) collagen RNA or α2(I) collagen RNA were not detectable. α1(I) Collagen DNA in sera was quantitative using our method. The levels of serum α1(I) collagen DNA were significantly increased in scleroderma patients compared with healthy control subjects or systemic lupus erythematosus patients. According to the receiver-operator curve analysis, serum α1(I) collagen DNA levels were shown to be effective as a diagnostic marker of scleroderma. Furthermore, when we determined the association of serum α1(I) collagen DNA levels with clinical / laboratory features in scleroderma patients, those with elevated α1(I) collagen DNA levels showed significantly higher prevalence of pitting scars / ulcers. In summary, elevation of serum α1(I) collagen DNA levels in scleroderma patients may be useful as the diagnostic marker, reflecting the presence of vasculopathy. Jou rna
28370352	0	5	Serum	T031	C0229671
28370352	6	12	levels	T080	C0441889
28370352	16	27	genomic DNA	T114	C3272453
28370352	31	45	α1(I) collagen	T028	C1332772
28370352	50	58	elevated	T080	C3163633
28370352	62	73	scleroderma	T047	C0011644
28370352	74	82	patients	T101	C0030705
28370352	126	139	nucleic acids	T114,T123	C0028606
28370352	155	160	human	T016	C0086418
28370352	161	165	sera	T031	C0229671
28370352	220	235	disease markers	T078	C1511983
28370352	244	249	human	T016	C0086418
28370352	250	258	diseases	T047	C0012634
28370352	317	320	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28370352	325	328	RNA	T114	C0035668
28370352	332	341	collagens	T028	C1333079
28370352	351	356	human	T016	C0086418
28370352	357	361	sera	T031	C0229671
28370352	392	397	serum	T031	C0229671
28370352	398	404	levels	T080	C0441889
28370352	419	429	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28370352	433	444	scleroderma	T047	C0011644
28370352	445	453	patients	T101	C0030705
28370352	459	462	RNA	T114	C0035668
28370352	466	469	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28370352	473	482	collagens	T028	C1333079
28370352	488	496	purified	T169	C1998793
28370352	502	506	sera	T031	C0229671
28370352	512	520	detected	T033	C0442726
28370352	524	549	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
28370352	553	564	quantitated	T081	C1709793
28370352	568	603	real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1709846
28370352	628	667	360 bases of full-length α1(I) collagen	T028	C1332772
28370352	668	671	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28370352	681	688	regions	T028	C0017337
28370352	694	702	detected	T033	C0442726
28370352	706	731	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
28370352	735	740	human	T016	C0086418
28370352	741	745	sera	T031	C0229671
28370352	756	770	α2(I) collagen	T028	C1332773
28370352	771	774	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28370352	776	790	α1(I) collagen	T028	C1332772
28370352	791	794	RNA	T114	C0035668
28370352	798	812	α2(I) collagen	T028	C1332773
28370352	813	816	RNA	T114	C0035668
28370352	822	836	not detectable	T033	C0243095
28370352	838	852	α1(I) Collagen	T028	C1332772
28370352	853	856	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28370352	860	864	sera	T031	C0229671
28370352	869	881	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28370352	904	910	levels	T080	C0441889
28370352	914	919	serum	T031	C0229671
28370352	920	934	α1(I) collagen	T028	C1332772
28370352	935	938	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28370352	958	967	increased	T081	C0205217
28370352	971	982	scleroderma	T047	C0011644
28370352	983	991	patients	T101	C0030705
28370352	1006	1021	healthy control	T080	C2986479
28370352	1022	1030	subjects	T098	C0080105
28370352	1034	1062	systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
28370352	1063	1071	patients	T101	C0030705
28370352	1090	1122	receiver-operator curve analysis	T081	C0035787
28370352	1124	1129	serum	T031	C0229671
28370352	1130	1144	α1(I) collagen	T028	C1332772
28370352	1145	1148	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28370352	1149	1155	levels	T080	C0441889
28370352	1188	1205	diagnostic marker	T201	C1511876
28370352	1209	1220	scleroderma	T047	C0011644
28370352	1258	1269	association	T080	C0439849
28370352	1273	1278	serum	T031	C0229671
28370352	1279	1293	α1(I) collagen	T028	C1332772
28370352	1294	1297	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28370352	1298	1304	levels	T080	C0441889
28370352	1310	1318	clinical	T080	C0205210
28370352	1321	1331	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28370352	1332	1340	features	T080	C1521970
28370352	1344	1355	scleroderma	T047	C0011644
28370352	1356	1364	patients	T101	C0030705
28370352	1377	1385	elevated	T080	C3163633
28370352	1386	1400	α1(I) collagen	T028	C1332772
28370352	1401	1404	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28370352	1405	1411	levels	T080	C0441889
28370352	1440	1450	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28370352	1454	1467	pitting scars	T047	C0012634
28370352	1470	1476	ulcers	T047	C0041582
28370352	1490	1499	elevation	T080	C3163633
28370352	1503	1508	serum	T031	C0229671
28370352	1509	1523	α1(I) collagen	T028	C1332772
28370352	1524	1527	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28370352	1528	1534	levels	T080	C0441889
28370352	1538	1549	scleroderma	T047	C0011644
28370352	1550	1558	patients	T101	C0030705
28370352	1580	1597	diagnostic marker	T201	C1511876
28370352	1626	1638	vasculopathy	T047	C0042373
28370352	1644	1647	rna	T114	C0035668

28370605|t|Metabolite mapping by consecutive nanostructure and silver-assisted mass spectrometry imaging on tissue sections
28370605|a|Nanostructure-based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a promising technology for molecular imaging of small molecules, without the complex chemical background typically encountered in matrix-assisted molecular imaging approaches. Here, we have enhanced these surfaces with silver (Ag) to provide a second tier of MSI data from a single sample. MSI data was acquired through the application of laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry to biological samples imprinted onto desorption/ionization on silicon (DIOS) substrates. Following initial analysis, ultra-thin Ag layers were overlaid onto the followed by MSI analysis (Ag-DIOS MSI). This approach was first demonstrated for fingermark small molecules including environmental contaminants and sebum components. Subsequently, this bimodal method was translated to lipids and metabolites in fore-stomach sections from a 6-bromoisatin chemopreventative murine mouse model. DIOS MSI allowed mapping of common ions in fingermarks as well as 6-bromoisatin metabolites and lipids in murine fore-stomach. Furthermore, DIOS MSI was complemented by the Ag-DIOS MSI of Ag-adductable lipids such as wax esters in fingermarks and cholesterol in murine fore-stomach. Gastrointestinal acid condensation products of 6-bromoisatin, such as the 6,6'-dibromoindirubin mapped herein, are very challenging to isolate and characterize. By re-analyzing the same tissue imprints, this metabolite was readily detected by DIOS, placed in a tissue-specific spatial context, and subsequently overlaid with additional lipid distributions acquired using Ag-DIOS MSI. The ability to place metabolite and lipid classes in a tissue-specific context makes this novel method suited to MSI analyses where the collection of additional information from the same sample maximises resource use, and also maximises the number of annotated small molecules, in particular for metabolites that are typically undetectable with traditional platforms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
28370605	0	10	Metabolite	T123	C0870883
28370605	11	18	mapping	T052	C1283195
28370605	34	47	nanostructure	T073	C1450053
28370605	52	93	silver-assisted mass spectrometry imaging	T059	C0037813
28370605	97	112	tissue sections	T024	C2316368
28370605	113	158	Nanostructure-based mass spectrometry imaging	T059	C0037813
28370605	160	163	MSI	T059	C0037813
28370605	195	212	molecular imaging	T060	C1537028
28370605	216	231	small molecules	T109	C1328819
28370605	298	331	matrix-assisted molecular imaging	T060	C1537028
28370605	373	381	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28370605	387	393	silver	T196	C0037125
28370605	395	397	Ag	T196	C0037125
28370605	427	435	MSI data	T170	C0282574
28370605	458	466	MSI data	T170	C0282574
28370605	492	503	application	T169	C4048755
28370605	507	552	laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry	T059	C0282597
28370605	556	574	biological samples	UnknownType	C0444062
28370605	590	622	desorption/ionization on silicon	T067	C1254366
28370605	624	628	DIOS	T067	C1254366
28370605	630	640	substrates	T167	C3891814
28370605	660	668	analysis	T062	C0936012
28370605	670	690	ultra-thin Ag layers	T080	C1522408
28370605	726	738	MSI analysis	T059	C0037813
28370605	740	751	Ag-DIOS MSI	T059	C0282597
28370605	806	821	small molecules	T109	C1328819
28370605	832	845	environmental	T082	C0014406
28370605	846	858	contaminants	T167	C2827365
28370605	863	868	sebum	T031	C0036511
28370605	933	939	lipids	T109	C0023779
28370605	944	955	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28370605	959	980	fore-stomach sections	T024	C1517295
28370605	988	1001	6-bromoisatin	T109,T123	C3493005
28370605	1002	1019	chemopreventative	T080	C3273128
28370605	1020	1038	murine mouse model	T050	C2986594
28370605	1040	1048	DIOS MSI	T059	C0037813
28370605	1057	1064	mapping	T052	C1283195
28370605	1075	1079	ions	T196	C0022023
28370605	1106	1119	6-bromoisatin	T109,T123	C3493005
28370605	1120	1131	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28370605	1136	1142	lipids	T109	C0023779
28370605	1146	1165	murine fore-stomach	T024	C1517295
28370605	1180	1188	DIOS MSI	T059	C0037813
28370605	1213	1224	Ag-DIOS MSI	T059	C0282597
28370605	1228	1248	Ag-adductable lipids	T109	C0023779
28370605	1257	1267	wax esters	T109	C0014898
28370605	1287	1298	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28370605	1302	1321	murine fore-stomach	T024	C1517295
28370605	1323	1344	Gastrointestinal acid	T031	C0017119
28370605	1345	1357	condensation	T067	C0596312
28370605	1358	1366	products	T123	C0566267
28370605	1370	1383	6-bromoisatin	T109,T123	C3493005
28370605	1397	1418	6,6'-dibromoindirubin	T123	C0574031
28370605	1458	1465	isolate	T059	C0220862
28370605	1470	1482	characterize	T052	C1880022
28370605	1509	1515	tissue	T024	C0040300
28370605	1531	1541	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28370605	1566	1570	DIOS	T067	C1254366
28370605	1584	1615	tissue-specific spatial context	T024	C1955394
28370605	1659	1678	lipid distributions	T043	C0007613
28370605	1694	1705	Ag-DIOS MSI	T059	C0282597
28370605	1728	1738	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28370605	1743	1748	lipid	T109	C0023779
28370605	1762	1777	tissue-specific	T024	C1955394
28370605	1820	1832	MSI analyses	T059	C0037813
28370605	1968	1983	small molecules	T109	C1328819
28370605	2003	2014	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28370605	2034	2046	undetectable	T201	C3827727

28370728|t|Towards culturally competent paediatric oncology care. A qualitative study from the perspective of care providers
28370728|a|In order to gain more insight on the influence of ethnic diversity in paediatric cancer care, the perspectives of care providers were explored. Semi-structured interviews were conducted among 12 paediatric oncologists and 13 nurses of two different paediatric oncology wards and were analysed using a framework method. We found that care providers described the contact with Turkish and Moroccan parents as more difficult. They offered two reasons for this: (1) language barriers between care provider and parents hindered the exchange of information; (2) cultural barriers between care provider and parents about sharing the diagnosis and palliative perspective hindered communication. Care providers reported different solutions to deal with these barriers, such as using an interpreter and improving their cultural knowledge about their patients. They, however, were not using interpreters sufficiently and were unaware of the importance of eliciting parents ' perspectives. Communication techniques to overcome dilemmas between parents and care providers were not used and care providers were unaware of stereotypes and prejudice. Care providers should be offered insight in cultural barriers they are unaware of. Training in cultural competence might be a possibility to overcome manifest barriers.
28370728	8	53	culturally competent paediatric oncology care	T058	C3850087
28370728	57	74	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28370728	84	95	perspective	T077	C1711364
28370728	99	113	care providers	T097	C0018724
28370728	151	160	influence	T077	C4054723
28370728	164	170	ethnic	T033	C0680174
28370728	171	180	diversity	T080	C1880371
28370728	184	194	paediatric	T091	C0030755
28370728	195	206	cancer care	T061	C0920687
28370728	212	224	perspectives	T077	C1711364
28370728	228	242	care providers	T097	C0018724
28370728	258	284	Semi-structured interviews	T058	C0683518
28370728	309	331	paediatric oncologists	T097	C0279158
28370728	339	345	nurses	T097	C0028661
28370728	363	388	paediatric oncology wards	T093	C0587485
28370728	398	406	analysed	T062	C0936012
28370728	415	431	framework method	T170	C0025663
28370728	447	461	care providers	T097	C0018724
28370728	489	496	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28370728	501	509	Moroccan	T098	C1257890
28370728	510	517	parents	T099	C0030551
28370728	576	593	language barriers	T033	C0237167
28370728	602	615	care provider	T097	C0018724
28370728	620	627	parents	T099	C0030551
28370728	628	636	hindered	T169	C0205245
28370728	641	664	exchange of information	T170	C0870706
28370728	670	687	cultural barriers	T058	C0810880
28370728	696	709	care provider	T097	C0018724
28370728	714	721	parents	T099	C0030551
28370728	740	749	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28370728	754	764	palliative	T080	C1285530
28370728	765	776	perspective	T077	C1711364
28370728	777	785	hindered	T169	C0205245
28370728	786	799	communication	T054	C0009452
28370728	801	815	Care providers	T097	C0018724
28370728	835	844	solutions	T077	C2699488
28370728	864	872	barriers	T078	C0009454
28370728	891	902	interpreter	T097	C0150646
28370728	923	941	cultural knowledge	T170	C0376554
28370728	954	962	patients	T101	C0030705
28370728	994	1006	interpreters	T097	C0150646
28370728	1058	1067	eliciting	T048	C0474408
28370728	1068	1075	parents	T099	C0030551
28370728	1078	1090	perspectives	T077	C1711364
28370728	1092	1105	Communication	T054	C0009452
28370728	1106	1116	techniques	T169	C0449851
28370728	1129	1137	dilemmas	T068	C1510640
28370728	1146	1153	parents	T099	C0030551
28370728	1158	1172	care providers	T097	C0018724
28370728	1191	1205	care providers	T097	C0018724
28370728	1222	1233	stereotypes	T041	C3825635
28370728	1238	1247	prejudice	T055	C0033023
28370728	1249	1263	Care providers	T097	C0018724
28370728	1293	1310	cultural barriers	T058	C0810880
28370728	1332	1340	Training	T065	C0220931
28370728	1344	1363	cultural competence	T054	C0679748
28370728	1399	1407	manifest	T169	C0205319
28370728	1408	1416	barriers	T078	C0009454

28371313|t|Obesogenic eating behaviors mediate the relationships between psychological problems and BMI in children
28371313|a|To examine the association between psychological problems and weight status in children aged 3.5 to 4 years and test whether obesogenic eating behaviors mediate this relationship. This study is a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data from first-time mothers (N = 194) in the control arm of the NOURISH randomized controlled trial. At child age 3.5 to 4 years, maternal -reported child eating behaviors and psychological problems were collected via valid tools, and child weight and height data were collected by trained study staff. Pearson's correlations and linear regressions examined associations between eating behaviors, psychological problems, and BMI z score. Multiple mediation models were tested by assessing indirect effects of psychological problems on BMI z score via obesogenic eating behaviors. Peer problems were associated with both higher food responsiveness and emotional overeating and directly with higher BMI z score. This relationship was partially mediated by emotional overeating. Both emotional overeating and food responsiveness fully mediated the association between emotional problems and BMI z score, and food responsiveness fully mediated the association between conduct problems and BMI z score. The findings suggest that children with psychological problems may also display obesogenic eating behaviors, which may result in higher BMI. This needs to be considered in the clinical management of both pediatric overweight / obesity and psychological problems.
28371313	0	10	Obesogenic	T047	C0028754
28371313	11	27	eating behaviors	T055	C0015745
28371313	40	53	relationships	T080	C0439849
28371313	62	84	psychological problems	T033	C0848067
28371313	89	92	BMI	T201	C1305855
28371313	96	104	children	T100	C0008059
28371313	120	131	association	T080	C0439849
28371313	140	162	psychological problems	T033	C0848067
28371313	167	173	weight	T032	C0005910
28371313	174	180	status	T080	C0449438
28371313	184	192	children	T100	C0008059
28371313	193	197	aged	T032	C0001779
28371313	207	212	years	T079	C0439234
28371313	230	240	obesogenic	T047	C0028754
28371313	241	257	eating behaviors	T055	C0015745
28371313	271	283	relationship	T080	C0439849
28371313	301	335	cross-sectional secondary analysis	T062	C0010362
28371313	339	343	data	T078	C1511726
28371313	349	367	first-time mothers	T099	C0026591
28371313	404	439	NOURISH randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28371313	444	449	child	T100	C0008059
28371313	444	449	child	T100	C0008059
28371313	470	478	maternal	T099	C0026591
28371313	489	494	child	T100	C0008059
28371313	495	511	eating behaviors	T055	C0015745
28371313	516	538	psychological problems	T033	C0848067
28371313	575	580	child	T100	C0008059
28371313	581	587	weight	T032	C0005910
28371313	592	598	height	T032	C0005890
28371313	599	618	data were collected	T062	C0010995
28371313	636	641	staff	T080	C1552084
28371313	643	665	Pearson's correlations	T170	C1709490
28371313	670	688	linear regressions	T081	C0023733
28371313	698	710	associations	T080	C0439849
28371313	719	735	eating behaviors	T055	C0015745
28371313	737	759	psychological problems	T033	C0848067
28371313	765	768	BMI	T201	C1305855
28371313	769	776	z score	T081	C0871421
28371313	778	803	Multiple mediation models	UnknownType	C0814912
28371313	809	815	tested	T169	C0039593
28371313	829	837	indirect	T080	C0439852
28371313	838	845	effects	T080	C1280500
28371313	849	871	psychological problems	T033	C0848067
28371313	875	878	BMI	T201	C1305855
28371313	879	886	z score	T081	C0871421
28371313	891	901	obesogenic	T047	C0028754
28371313	902	918	eating behaviors	T055	C0015745
28371313	920	924	Peer	T098	C0679739
28371313	925	933	problems	T033	C0848067
28371313	939	954	associated with	T080	C0332281
28371313	960	966	higher	T080	C0205250
28371313	967	971	food	T168	C0016452
28371313	972	986	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
28371313	991	1011	emotional overeating	T048	C0556019
28371313	1016	1024	directly	T080	C1947931
28371313	1030	1036	higher	T080	C0205250
28371313	1037	1040	BMI	T201	C1305855
28371313	1041	1048	z score	T081	C0871421
28371313	1055	1067	relationship	T080	C0439849
28371313	1094	1114	emotional overeating	T048	C0556019
28371313	1121	1141	emotional overeating	T048	C0556019
28371313	1146	1150	food	T168	C0016452
28371313	1151	1165	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
28371313	1185	1196	association	T080	C0439849
28371313	1205	1223	emotional problems	T048	C0677660
28371313	1228	1231	BMI	T201	C1305855
28371313	1232	1239	z score	T081	C0871421
28371313	1245	1249	food	T168	C0016452
28371313	1250	1264	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
28371313	1284	1295	association	T080	C0439849
28371313	1304	1320	conduct problems	T048	C0149654
28371313	1325	1328	BMI	T201	C1305855
28371313	1329	1336	z score	T081	C0871421
28371313	1364	1372	children	T100	C0008059
28371313	1378	1400	psychological problems	T033	C0848067
28371313	1418	1428	obesogenic	T047	C0028754
28371313	1429	1445	eating behaviors	T055	C0015745
28371313	1467	1473	higher	T080	C0205250
28371313	1474	1477	BMI	T201	C1305855
28371313	1514	1533	clinical management	T058	C1516615
28371313	1542	1551	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28371313	1552	1562	overweight	T184	C0497406
28371313	1565	1572	obesity	T047	C0028754
28371313	1577	1599	psychological problems	T033	C0848067

28371745|t|Homocysteine as a peripheral biomarker in bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis
28371745|a|Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder with an uncertain aetiology. Recently, special attention has been given to homocysteine (Hcy), as it has been suggested that alterations in 1-carbon metabolism might be implicated in diverse psychiatric disorders. However, there is uncertainty regarding possible alterations in peripheral Hcy levels in BD. This study comprises a meta-analysis comparing serum and plasma Hcy levels in persons with BD and healthy controls. We conducted a systematic search for all eligible English and non-English peer-reviewed articles. Nine cross-sectional studies were included in the meta-analyses, providing data on 1547 participants. Random-effects meta-analysis showed that serum and plasma levels of Hcy were increased in subjects with BD in either mania or euthymia when compared to healthy controls, with a large effect size in the mania group (g=0.98, 95% CI: 0.8-1.17, P<0.001, n=495) and a small effect in the euthymia group (g=0.3, 95% CI: 0.11-0.48, P=0.002, n=1052). Our meta-analysis provides evidence that Hcy levels are elevated in persons with BD during mania and euthymia. Peripheral Hcy could be considered as a potential biomarker in BD, both of trait (since it is increased in euthymia), and also of state (since its increase is more accentuated in mania). Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the relationship between bipolar disorder and Hcy, as well as the usefulness of peripheral Hcy as both a trait and state biomarker in BD.
28371745	0	12	Homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
28371745	18	28	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28371745	29	38	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28371745	42	58	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
28371745	62	75	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28371745	76	92	Bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
28371745	94	96	BD	T048	C0005586
28371745	103	123	psychiatric disorder	T048	C0004936
28371745	132	141	uncertain	T033	C0087130
28371745	142	151	aetiology	T169	C1314792
28371745	199	211	homocysteine	T116,T123	C0019878
28371745	213	216	Hcy	T116,T123	C0019878
28371745	249	260	alterations	T078	C1515926
28371745	264	283	1-carbon metabolism	T044	C1158831
28371745	315	336	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
28371745	356	367	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28371745	387	398	alterations	T078	C1515926
28371745	402	412	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28371745	413	416	Hcy	T116,T123	C0019878
28371745	427	429	BD	T048	C0005586
28371745	454	467	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28371745	478	483	serum	T059	C1278080
28371745	488	505	plasma Hcy levels	T059	C1278165
28371745	509	516	persons	T098	C0027361
28371745	522	524	BD	T048	C0005586
28371745	529	545	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28371745	562	572	systematic	T169	C0220922
28371745	573	579	search	T052	C1706202
28371745	588	596	eligible	T080	C1548635
28371745	621	643	peer-reviewed articles	T170	C2985503
28371745	650	673	cross-sectional studies	T062	C0010362
28371745	679	687	included	T169	C0332257
28371745	695	708	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28371745	710	719	providing	T052	C1999230
28371745	720	724	data	T078	C1511726
28371745	733	745	participants	T098	C0679646
28371745	747	761	Random-effects	T080	C1280500
28371745	762	775	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28371745	788	793	serum	T059	C1278080
28371745	798	818	plasma levels of Hcy	T059	C1278165
28371745	824	833	increased	T081	C0205217
28371745	837	845	subjects	T096	C0681850
28371745	851	853	BD	T048	C0005586
28371745	864	869	mania	T048	C0338831
28371745	873	881	euthymia	T048	C0948853
28371745	887	895	compared	T052	C1707455
28371745	899	915	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28371745	930	941	effect size	T081	C0814843
28371745	949	954	mania	T048	C0338831
28371745	955	960	group	T098	C1257890
28371745	974	976	CI	T081	C0009667
28371745	1016	1022	effect	T080	C1280500
28371745	1030	1038	euthymia	T048	C0948853
28371745	1039	1044	group	T098	C1257890
28371745	1057	1059	CI	T081	C0009667
28371745	1094	1107	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28371745	1131	1154	Hcy levels are elevated	T033	C0920051
28371745	1158	1165	persons	T098	C0027361
28371745	1171	1173	BD	T048	C0005586
28371745	1181	1186	mania	T048	C0338831
28371745	1191	1199	euthymia	T048	C0948853
28371745	1201	1211	Peripheral	T082	C0205100
28371745	1212	1215	Hcy	T116,T123	C0019878
28371745	1225	1235	considered	T078	C0750591
28371745	1241	1250	potential	T080	C3245505
28371745	1251	1260	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28371745	1264	1266	BD	T048	C0005586
28371745	1276	1281	trait	T032	C0599883
28371745	1295	1304	increased	T081	C0205217
28371745	1308	1316	euthymia	T048	C0948853
28371745	1331	1336	state	T169	C1442792
28371745	1348	1356	increase	T169	C0442805
28371745	1365	1376	accentuated	T080	C1997416
28371745	1380	1385	mania	T048	C0338831
28371745	1388	1408	Longitudinal studies	T062	C0023981
28371745	1435	1447	relationship	T080	C0439849
28371745	1456	1472	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
28371745	1477	1480	Hcy	T116,T123	C0019878
28371745	1497	1507	usefulness	T080	C3827682
28371745	1511	1521	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28371745	1522	1525	Hcy	T116,T123	C0019878
28371745	1536	1541	trait	T032	C0599883
28371745	1546	1551	state	T169	C1442792
28371745	1552	1561	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28371745	1565	1567	BD	T048	C0005586

28373195|t|Structural Modification of Lipopolysaccharide Conferred by mcr-1 in Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens
28373195|a|mcr-1 was initially reported as the first plasmid -mediated colistin resistance gene in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in China and has subsequently been identified worldwide in various species of the family Enterobacteriaceae mcr-1 encodes a phosphoethanolamine transferase, and its expression has been shown to generate phosphoethanolamine -modified bis-phosphorylated hexa-acylated lipid A in E. coli Here, we investigated the effects of mcr-1 on colistin susceptibility and on lipopolysaccharide structures in laboratory and clinical strains of the Gram-negative ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens, which are often treated clinically by colistin. The effects of mcr-1 on colistin resistance were determined using MIC assays of laboratory and clinical strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa Lipid A structural changes resulting from MCR-1 were analyzed by mass spectrometry. The introduction of mcr-1 led to colistin resistance in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii but only moderately reduced susceptibility in P. aeruginosa Phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A was observed consistently for all four species. These findings highlight the risk of colistin resistance as a consequence of mcr-1 expression among ESKAPE pathogens, especially in K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii Furthermore, the observation that lipid A structures were modified despite only modest increases in colistin MICs in some instances suggests more sophisticated surveillance methods may need to be developed to track the dissemination of mcr-1 or plasmid -mediated phosphoethanolamine transferases in general.
28373195	0	23	Structural Modification	T061	C0581602
28373195	27	45	Lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28373195	59	64	mcr-1	T028	C0017337
28373195	68	88	Gram-Negative ESKAPE	T007	C0018150
28373195	89	98	Pathogens	T001	C0450254
28373195	99	104	mcr-1	T028	C0017337
28373195	141	148	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28373195	159	167	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
28373195	168	183	resistance gene	T028	C2945710
28373195	187	204	clinical isolates	T123	C1764827
28373195	208	224	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28373195	229	250	Klebsiella pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28373195	254	259	China	T083	C0008115
28373195	318	325	species	T185	C1705920
28373195	333	358	family Enterobacteriaceae	T007	C0014346
28373195	359	364	mcr-1	T028	C0017337
28373195	375	406	phosphoethanolamine transferase	T044	C2248757
28373195	416	426	expression	T045	C0017262
28373195	454	473	phosphoethanolamine	T109,T123	C0070939
28373195	484	524	bis-phosphorylated hexa-acylated lipid A	T109,T129	C0023767
28373195	528	535	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28373195	562	572	effects of	T080	C1704420
28373195	573	578	mcr-1	T028	C0017337
28373195	582	590	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
28373195	591	605	susceptibility	T033	C0427965
28373195	613	631	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28373195	632	642	structures	T082	C0678594
28373195	646	656	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28373195	661	669	clinical	T080	C0205210
28373195	670	677	strains	T080	C0456178
28373195	685	705	Gram-negative ESKAPE	T007	C0018150
28373195	707	727	Enterococcus faecium	T007	C0085495
28373195	729	750	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28373195	752	765	K. pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28373195	752	765	K. pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28373195	767	790	Acinetobacter baumannii	T007	C0314787
28373195	792	814	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
28373195	820	840	Enterobacter species	T007	C1295792
28373195	842	851	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28373195	869	876	treated	T169	C1522326
28373195	877	887	clinically	T080	C0205210
28373195	891	899	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
28373195	905	915	effects of	T080	C1704420
28373195	916	921	mcr-1	T028	C0017337
28373195	925	933	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
28373195	934	944	resistance	T032	C0949285
28373195	967	977	MIC assays	T059	C0427978
28373195	981	991	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28373195	996	1004	clinical	T080	C0205210
28373195	1005	1012	strains	T080	C0456178
28373195	1016	1023	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28373195	1025	1038	K. pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28373195	1040	1052	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
28373195	1058	1071	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
28373195	1072	1079	Lipid A	T109,T129	C0023767
28373195	1080	1090	structural	T082	C0678594
28373195	1114	1119	MCR-1	T116	C4308704
28373195	1137	1154	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28373195	1176	1181	mcr-1	T028	C0017337
28373195	1189	1197	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
28373195	1198	1208	resistance	T032	C0949285
28373195	1212	1219	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28373195	1221	1234	K. pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28373195	1240	1252	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
28373195	1273	1280	reduced	T080	C0392756
28373195	1281	1295	susceptibility	T033	C0427965
28373195	1299	1312	P. aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
28373195	1313	1332	Phosphoethanolamine	T109,T123	C0070939
28373195	1333	1345	modification	T033	C3840684
28373195	1349	1356	lipid A	T109,T129	C0023767
28373195	1396	1403	species	T185	C1705920
28373195	1411	1419	findings	T169	C2607943
28373195	1434	1438	risk	T078	C0035647
28373195	1442	1450	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
28373195	1451	1461	resistance	T032	C0949285
28373195	1467	1481	consequence of	T169	C0686907
28373195	1482	1487	mcr-1	T028	C0017337
28373195	1488	1498	expression	T045	C0017262
28373195	1505	1511	ESKAPE	T007	C0018150
28373195	1512	1521	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28373195	1537	1550	K. pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28373195	1555	1567	A. baumannii	T007	C0314787
28373195	1602	1609	lipid A	T109,T129	C0023767
28373195	1610	1620	structures	T082	C0678594
28373195	1655	1664	increases	T169	C0442805
28373195	1668	1676	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
28373195	1677	1681	MICs	T059	C0427978
28373195	1728	1748	surveillance methods	T062	C1515093
28373195	1787	1800	dissemination	T082	C0205221
28373195	1804	1809	mcr-1	T028	C0017337
28373195	1813	1820	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28373195	1813	1820	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28373195	1831	1863	phosphoethanolamine transferases	T044	C2248757

28373341|t|Most Americans Have Good Health, Little Unmet Need, And Few Health Care Expenses
28373341|a|The distribution of health care expenditures remains highly concentrated, but most Americans use few health care resources and have low out-of-pocket spending. More than 93 percent of " low spenders " (those in the bottom half of the population) believe they have received all needed care in a timely manner. The low spending by the majority of the population has remained almost unchanged during the thirty-seven- year period examined.
28373341	5	14	Americans	T098	C0596070
28373341	20	31	Good Health	T080	C3898900
28373341	40	50	Unmet Need	T033	C4061640
28373341	60	80	Health Care Expenses	T081	C3242647
28373341	101	125	health care expenditures	T081	C3242647
28373341	141	153	concentrated	T081	C0392762
28373341	164	173	Americans	T098	C0596070
28373341	182	203	health care resources	T078	C0018741
28373341	217	239	out-of-pocket spending	T054	C0680969
28373341	267	279	low spenders	T098	C1257890
28373341	315	325	population	T098	C1257890
28373341	345	353	received	T080	C1514756
28373341	365	369	care	T058	C0086388
28373341	375	381	timely	T080	C3827828
28373341	398	406	spending	T054	C0680969
28373341	430	440	population	T098	C1257890
28373341	496	500	year	T079	C0439234
28373341	501	507	period	T079	C1948053
28373341	508	516	examined	T033	C0332128

28373627|t|Effects of Transplanted Human Cord Blood - Mononuclear Cells on Pulmonary Hypertension in Immunodeficient Mice and Their Distribution
28373627|a|To investigate the effects of human umbilical cord blood -derived mononuclear cell (hUCB - MNC) transplantation on pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by monocrotaline (MCT) in immunodeficient mice and their distribution. MCT was administered to BALB/c Slc-nu/nu mice, and PH was induced in mice 4 weeks later. Fresh hUCB - MNCs harvested from a human donor after her delivery were injected intravenously into those PH mice. The medial thickness of pulmonary arterioles, ratio of right ventricular to septum plus left ventricular weight (RV / S + LV), and ratio of acceleration time to ejection time of pulmonary blood flow waveform (AT / ET) were determined 4 weeks after hUCB - MNC transplantation. To reveal the incorporation into the lung, CMTMR - labeled hUCB - MNCs were observed in the lung by fluorescent microscopy. DiR-labeled hUCB - MNCs were detected in the lung and other organs by bioluminescence images. Medial thickness, RV / S + LV and AT / ET were significantly improved 4 weeks after hUCB - MNC transplantation compared with those in mice without hUCB - MNC transplantation. CMTMR - positive hUCB - MNCs were observed in the lung 3 hours after transplantation. Bioluminescence signals were detected more strongly in the lung than in other organs for 24 hours after transplantation. The results indicate that hUCB - MNCs are incorporated into the lung early after hUCB - MNC transplantation and improve MCT - induced PH. J. Med. Invest. 64: 43-49, February, 2017.
28373627	0	7	Effects	T080	C1280500
28373627	11	23	Transplanted	T061	C0935850
28373627	24	29	Human	T016	C0086418
28373627	30	40	Cord Blood	T031	C0162371
28373627	43	60	Mononuclear Cells	T025	C0806987
28373627	64	86	Pulmonary Hypertension	T046	C0020542
28373627	90	110	Immunodeficient Mice	T015	C0599920
28373627	121	133	Distribution	T169	C1704711
28373627	137	148	investigate	T058	C0220825
28373627	153	160	effects	T080	C1280500
28373627	164	169	human	T016	C0086418
28373627	170	190	umbilical cord blood	T031	C0162371
28373627	200	216	mononuclear cell	T025	C0806987
28373627	218	222	hUCB	T031	C0162371
28373627	225	228	MNC	T025	C0806987
28373627	230	245	transplantation	T061	C0935850
28373627	249	271	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
28373627	273	275	PH	T046	C0020542
28373627	277	284	induced	T169	C0205263
28373627	288	301	monocrotaline	T109,T131	C0085241
28373627	303	306	MCT	T109,T131	C0085241
28373627	311	331	immunodeficient mice	T015	C0599920
28373627	342	354	distribution	T169	C1704711
28373627	356	359	MCT	T109,T131	C0085241
28373627	364	376	administered	T169	C1521801
28373627	380	401	BALB/c Slc-nu/nu mice	T015	C0025919
28373627	407	409	PH	T046	C0020542
28373627	414	421	induced	T169	C0205263
28373627	425	429	mice	T015	C0025919
28373627	445	450	Fresh	T080	C0443224
28373627	451	455	hUCB	T031	C0162371
28373627	458	462	MNCs	T025	C0806987
28373627	463	472	harvested	T061	C0411265
28373627	480	485	human	T016	C0086418
28373627	486	491	donor	T098	C0013018
28373627	502	510	delivery	T169	C1705822
28373627	516	538	injected intravenously	T169	C0021494
28373627	550	552	PH	T046	C0020542
28373627	553	557	mice	T015	C0025919
28373627	563	569	medial	T082	C0205098
28373627	570	579	thickness	T080	C1280412
28373627	583	603	pulmonary arterioles	T023	C4243802
28373627	605	610	ratio	T081	C0456603
28373627	614	631	right ventricular	T023	C0225883
28373627	635	641	septum	T023	C0018819
28373627	642	646	plus	T169	C0332287
28373627	647	663	left ventricular	T023	C0225897
28373627	664	670	weight	T081	C0043100
28373627	672	674	RV	T023	C0225883
28373627	677	678	S	T023	C0018819
28373627	681	683	LV	T023	C0225897
28373627	690	695	ratio	T081	C0456603
28373627	699	716	acceleration time	T081	C3655682
28373627	720	733	ejection time	T201	C0812388
28373627	737	757	pulmonary blood flow	T201	C4071554
28373627	758	766	waveform	T070	C0450448
28373627	768	770	AT	T081	C3655682
28373627	773	775	ET	T201	C0812388
28373627	782	792	determined	T080	C0521095
28373627	807	811	hUCB	T031	C0162371
28373627	814	817	MNC	T025	C0806987
28373627	818	833	transplantation	T061	C0935850
28373627	838	844	reveal	T080	C0443289
28373627	849	862	incorporation	T169	C0243126
28373627	872	876	lung	T023	C0024109
28373627	878	883	CMTMR	T109,T121	C0761898
28373627	886	893	labeled	T130	C1522485
28373627	894	898	hUCB	T031	C0162371
28373627	901	905	MNCs	T025	C0806987
28373627	911	919	observed	T169	C1441672
28373627	927	931	lung	T023	C0024109
28373627	935	957	fluorescent microscopy	T059	C0026022
28373627	959	970	DiR-labeled	T130,T196	C0034551
28373627	971	975	hUCB	T031	C0162371
28373627	978	982	MNCs	T025	C0806987
28373627	988	996	detected	T033	C0442726
28373627	1004	1008	lung	T023	C0024109
28373627	1019	1025	organs	T023	C0178784
28373627	1029	1051	bioluminescence images	T074	C2955764
28373627	1053	1059	Medial	T082	C0205098
28373627	1060	1069	thickness	T080	C1280412
28373627	1071	1073	RV	T023	C0225883
28373627	1076	1077	S	T023	C0018819
28373627	1080	1082	LV	T023	C0225897
28373627	1087	1089	AT	T081	C3655682
28373627	1092	1094	ET	T201	C0812388
28373627	1100	1113	significantly	T078	C0750502
28373627	1114	1122	improved	T033	C0184511
28373627	1137	1141	hUCB	T031	C0162371
28373627	1144	1147	MNC	T025	C0806987
28373627	1148	1163	transplantation	T061	C0935850
28373627	1164	1172	compared	T052	C1707455
28373627	1187	1191	mice	T015	C0025919
28373627	1200	1204	hUCB	T031	C0162371
28373627	1207	1210	MNC	T025	C0806987
28373627	1211	1226	transplantation	T061	C0935850
28373627	1228	1233	CMTMR	T109,T121	C0761898
28373627	1236	1244	positive	T033	C1446409
28373627	1245	1249	hUCB	T031	C0162371
28373627	1252	1256	MNCs	T025	C0806987
28373627	1262	1270	observed	T169	C1441672
28373627	1278	1282	lung	T023	C0024109
28373627	1297	1312	transplantation	T061	C0935850
28373627	1314	1329	Bioluminescence	T038	C0162404
28373627	1330	1337	signals	T067	C1710082
28373627	1343	1351	detected	T033	C0442726
28373627	1357	1365	strongly	T080	C0442821
28373627	1373	1377	lung	T023	C0024109
28373627	1392	1398	organs	T023	C0178784
28373627	1418	1433	transplantation	T061	C0935850
28373627	1439	1446	results	T033	C0683954
28373627	1447	1455	indicate	T033	C1444656
28373627	1461	1465	hUCB	T031	C0162371
28373627	1468	1472	MNCs	T025	C0806987
28373627	1477	1489	incorporated	T169	C0243126
28373627	1499	1503	lung	T023	C0024109
28373627	1504	1509	early	T079	C1279919
28373627	1516	1520	hUCB	T031	C0162371
28373627	1523	1526	MNC	T025	C0806987
28373627	1527	1542	transplantation	T061	C0935850
28373627	1547	1554	improve	T033	C0184511
28373627	1555	1558	MCT	T109,T131	C0085241
28373627	1561	1568	induced	T169	C0205263
28373627	1569	1571	PH	T046	C0020542

28373747|t|Andrographolide Activates Keap1 / Nrf2 / ARE / HO-1 Pathway in HT22 Cells and Suppresses Microglial Activation by Aβ42 through Nrf2 -Related Inflammatory Response
28373747|a|Therapeutic approach of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been gradually diversified. We examined the therapeutic and preventive potential of andrographolide, which is a lactone diterpenoid from Andrographis paniculata, and focused on the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/ nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated heme oxygenase (HO)-1 - inducing effects and the inhibitory activity of amyloid beta (Aβ)42 - induced microglial activation related to Nrf2 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-mediated inflammatory responses. Andrographolide induced the expression and translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, thereby activating antioxidant response element (ARE) gene transcription and HO-1 expression in murine hippocampal HT22 cells. Andrographolide eliminated intracellular Aβ42 in BV-2 cells and decreased the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, prostaglandin (PG)E2, and nitric oxide (NO) because of artificial phagocytic Aβ42. It decreased pNF-κB accumulation in the nucleus and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS) and cyclooxygenase II (COX-II) in the microglial BV-2 cell line. In summary, andrographolide activates Nrf2 -mediated HO-1 expression and inhibits Aβ42 - overexpressed microglial BV-2 cell activation. These results suggested that andrographolide might have the potential for further examination of the therapeutics of AD.
28373747	0	15	Andrographolide	T121	C0051821
28373747	16	25	Activates	T052	C1879547
28373747	26	31	Keap1	T116,T123	C1449230
28373747	34	38	Nrf2	T116,T123	C1565076
28373747	41	44	ARE	T114,T123	C3494205
28373747	47	51	HO-1	T116,T126	C1565862
28373747	63	73	HT22 Cells	UnknownType	C0814990
28373747	78	88	Suppresses	T045	C0038855
28373747	89	110	Microglial Activation	T043	C1326169
28373747	114	118	Aβ42	T116,T123	C0169424
28373747	127	131	Nrf2	T116,T123	C1565076
28373747	141	162	Inflammatory Response	T046	C1155266
28373747	163	183	Therapeutic approach	T169	C0039798
28373747	187	206	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28373747	208	210	AD	T047	C0002395
28373747	260	271	therapeutic	T169	C0039798
28373747	276	286	preventive	T169	C0445202
28373747	287	296	potential	T080	C3245505
28373747	300	315	andrographolide	T121	C0051821
28373747	328	347	lactone diterpenoid	T109	C0304008
28373747	353	376	Andrographis paniculata	T002	C1256659
28373747	397	432	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1	T116,T123	C1449230
28373747	434	439	Keap1	T116,T123	C1449230
28373747	442	485	nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2	T116,T123	C1565076
28373747	487	491	Nrf2	T116,T123	C1565076
28373747	502	516	heme oxygenase	T116,T126	C1565862
28373747	517	523	(HO)-1	T116,T126	C1565862
28373747	526	534	inducing	T169	C0205263
28373747	535	542	effects	T080	C1280500
28373747	551	570	inhibitory activity	T052	C3463820
28373747	574	593	amyloid beta (Aβ)42	T116,T123	C0169424
28373747	596	603	induced	T169	C0205263
28373747	604	625	microglial activation	T043	C1326169
28373747	637	641	Nrf2	T116,T123	C1565076
28373747	646	663	nuclear factor κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28373747	665	670	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28373747	681	703	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
28373747	705	720	Andrographolide	T121	C0051821
28373747	721	728	induced	T169	C0205263
28373747	733	743	expression	T045	C1171362
28373747	748	761	translocation	T043	C0599893
28373747	765	769	Nrf2	T116,T123	C1565076
28373747	779	788	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28373747	796	803	nucleus	T026	C0007610
28373747	824	852	antioxidant response element	T114,T123	C3494205
28373747	854	857	ARE	T114,T123	C3494205
28373747	859	877	gene transcription	T045	C0040649
28373747	882	886	HO-1	T116,T126	C1565862
28373747	887	897	expression	T045	C1171362
28373747	901	907	murine	T015	C0026809
28373747	908	919	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28373747	920	930	HT22 cells	UnknownType	C0814990
28373747	932	947	Andrographolide	T121	C0051821
28373747	959	972	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28373747	973	977	Aβ42	T116,T123	C0169424
28373747	981	991	BV-2 cells	T025	C0206116
28373747	996	1005	decreased	T081	C0205216
28373747	1010	1042	production of interleukin (IL)-6	T040	C1819459
28373747	1044	1049	IL-1β	T040	C1819435
28373747	1051	1064	prostaglandin	T039	C1514503
28373747	1065	1071	(PG)E2	T039	C1514503
28373747	1077	1089	nitric oxide	T044	C1157570
28373747	1091	1093	NO	T044	C1157570
28373747	1106	1116	artificial	T080	C2004457
28373747	1117	1127	phagocytic	T025	C0031307
28373747	1128	1132	Aβ42	T116,T123	C0169424
28373747	1137	1146	decreased	T081	C0205216
28373747	1147	1153	pNF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28373747	1154	1166	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28373747	1174	1181	nucleus	T026	C0007610
28373747	1190	1200	expression	T045	C1171362
28373747	1204	1213	inducible	T169	C0205263
28373747	1214	1235	nitric oxide synthase	T116,T126	C0132555
28373747	1237	1242	i-NOS	T116,T126	C0132555
28373747	1248	1265	cyclooxygenase II	T116,T126	C0387583
28373747	1267	1273	COX-II	T116,T126	C0387583
28373747	1282	1307	microglial BV-2 cell line	T025	C0206116
28373747	1321	1336	andrographolide	T121	C0051821
28373747	1337	1346	activates	T052	C1879547
28373747	1347	1351	Nrf2	T116,T123	C1565076
28373747	1362	1366	HO-1	T116,T126	C1565862
28373747	1367	1377	expression	T045	C1171362
28373747	1382	1390	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28373747	1391	1395	Aβ42	T116,T123	C0169424
28373747	1398	1411	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
28373747	1412	1443	microglial BV-2 cell activation	T043	C1326169
28373747	1451	1458	results	T033	C0683954
28373747	1474	1489	andrographolide	T121	C0051821
28373747	1505	1514	potential	T080	C3245505
28373747	1546	1558	therapeutics	T169	C0039798
28373747	1562	1564	AD	T047	C0002395

28373799|t|Adaptation to Turkish and Reliability Study of the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R)
28373799|a|Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by progressive degeneration of the motor neurons. It is difficult to define the severity of the clinical findings of this destructive disease owing to its rapid progression, which presents serious alterations in a short time even in the same patient. The present study was designed to evaulate the validity of the Turkish version of the Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), which has been used in various countries for measuring the functional status of ALS patients. The ALSFRS-R scores of 41 ALS patients (24 male), in any stages of illness, were simultaneously assessed by two physicians. The functional status of the patients (motor system, bulbar, and pulmonary functions) was evaluated under 12 titles. In every subtitle, the functional status was evaluated as 0 for the worst functional status and 4 for the best functional status. The mean differentials for both subtitles and global scores and the 95% confidence bounds of these means were detected. The coherence was defined as the states in which the coefficient is above 0.80 and is statistically significant. From the data obtained, the correlation between the two physicians was found to be statistically significant (p=0.000) in terms of the means of both subtitles and total scores. It was shown in the present study that in the clinical follow-up of the disease, the Turkish version of ALSFRS-R is a simple, reliable, and easily applicable.
28373799	0	10	Adaptation	T038	C0392673
28373799	14	21	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28373799	26	37	Reliability	T080	C0035035
28373799	38	43	Study	T062	C2603343
28373799	51	112	Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale	T170	C4296567
28373799	114	122	ALSFRS-R	T170	C4296567
28373799	124	153	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	T047	C0002736
28373799	155	158	ALS	T047	C0002736
28373799	165	170	fatal	T080	C1302234
28373799	171	178	disease	T047	C0012634
28373799	179	192	characterized	T052	C1880022
28373799	196	207	progressive	T169	C0205329
28373799	208	220	degeneration	T046	C0011164
28373799	228	241	motor neurons	T025	C0026609
28373799	273	281	severity	T080	C0439793
28373799	289	306	clinical findings	T201	C3854293
28373799	327	334	disease	T047	C0012634
28373799	354	365	progression	T169	C0449258
28373799	390	401	alterations	T078	C1515926
28373799	407	412	short	T080	C1282927
28373799	413	417	time	T079	C0040223
28373799	435	442	patient	T101	C0030705
28373799	456	461	study	T062	C2603343
28373799	478	486	evaulate	T058	C0220825
28373799	491	499	validity	T081	C2349101
28373799	507	514	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28373799	515	522	version	T170	C0333052
28373799	530	591	Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale	T170	C4296567
28373799	593	601	ALSFRS-R	T170	C4296567
28373799	635	644	countries	T083	C0454664
28373799	649	658	measuring	T080	C0444706
28373799	663	680	functional status	T033	C0598463
28373799	684	687	ALS	T047	C0002736
28373799	688	696	patients	T101	C0030705
28373799	702	717	ALSFRS-R scores	T033	C4305309
28373799	724	727	ALS	T047	C0002736
28373799	728	736	patients	T101	C0030705
28373799	741	745	male	T032	C0086582
28373799	755	761	stages	T079	C1306673
28373799	765	772	illness	T184	C0221423
28373799	794	802	assessed	T052	C1516048
28373799	810	820	physicians	T097	C0031831
28373799	826	843	functional status	T033	C0598463
28373799	851	859	patients	T101	C0030705
28373799	861	873	motor system	UnknownType	C0682711
28373799	875	881	bulbar	T023	C0009758
28373799	887	906	pulmonary functions	T042	C0231921
28373799	912	921	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28373799	931	937	titles	T080	C3888414
28373799	948	956	subtitle	T080	C3888414
28373799	962	979	functional status	T033	C0598463
28373799	984	993	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28373799	1007	1012	worst	T080	C1522166
28373799	1013	1030	functional status	T033	C0598463
28373799	1050	1067	functional status	T033	C0598463
28373799	1073	1077	mean	T081	C0444504
28373799	1078	1091	differentials	T080	C0443199
28373799	1101	1110	subtitles	T080	C3888414
28373799	1115	1121	global	T080	C2348867
28373799	1122	1128	scores	T081	C0449820
28373799	1141	1158	confidence bounds	T081	C0237530
28373799	1168	1173	means	T081	C0444504
28373799	1179	1187	detected	T033	C0442726
28373799	1222	1228	states	T169	C1442792
28373799	1242	1253	coefficient	T081	C1707429
28373799	1275	1300	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28373799	1311	1315	data	T078	C1511726
28373799	1330	1341	correlation	T080	C1707520
28373799	1358	1368	physicians	T097	C0031831
28373799	1385	1410	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28373799	1437	1442	means	T081	C0444504
28373799	1451	1460	subtitles	T080	C3888414
28373799	1471	1477	scores	T081	C0449820
28373799	1507	1512	study	T062	C2603343
28373799	1525	1543	clinical follow-up	T058	C1522577
28373799	1551	1558	disease	T047	C0012634
28373799	1564	1571	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28373799	1572	1579	version	T170	C0333052
28373799	1583	1591	ALSFRS-R	T170	C4296567
28373799	1597	1603	simple	T080	C0205352
28373799	1605	1613	reliable	T170	C3858758
28373799	1626	1636	applicable	T080	C1706839

28373959|t|Penile Erosion in a Paraplegic Man With Indwelling Urinary Catheter and Scrotal Edema
28373959|a|The chronic use of urinary indwelling catheters is a common practice in the setting of long-term patient care and is associated with numerous complications. More awareness about urogenital trauma from urinary catheterization is needed, as it is as common as symptomatic urinary tract infections. There are a number of preventable measures that can be taken to decrease the risk of mechanical trauma to the urethra and glans penis caused by chronic catheterization. We present a case of a 27- year old paraplegic male needing a chronic indwelling catheter that acquired ventral penile erosion while being cared for in the ICU setting.
28373959	0	14	Penile Erosion	T020	C1536126
28373959	20	30	Paraplegic	T047	C0030486
28373959	31	34	Man	T098	C0025266
28373959	40	67	Indwelling Urinary Catheter	T074	C0521197
28373959	72	85	Scrotal Edema	T033	C0151609
28373959	90	97	chronic	T079	C0205191
28373959	98	104	use of	T169	C1524063
28373959	105	133	urinary indwelling catheters	T074	C0521197
28373959	173	182	long-term	T079	C0443252
28373959	183	195	patient care	T058	C0017313
28373959	228	241	complications	T046	C0009566
28373959	248	257	awareness	T041	C0004448
28373959	264	274	urogenital	T022	C0042066
28373959	275	281	trauma	T037	C3714660
28373959	287	310	urinary catheterization	T061	C0042019
28373959	344	355	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28373959	356	380	urinary tract infections	T047	C0042029
28373959	404	424	preventable measures	T080	C2700409
28373959	446	454	decrease	T081	C0547047
28373959	459	463	risk	T078	C0035647
28373959	467	484	mechanical trauma	T037	C3714660
28373959	492	499	urethra	T023	C0041967
28373959	504	515	glans penis	T023	C0227948
28373959	526	533	chronic	T079	C0205191
28373959	534	549	catheterization	T061	C0007430
28373959	578	582	year	T079	C0439234
28373959	583	586	old	T079	C0580836
28373959	587	597	paraplegic	T047	C0030486
28373959	598	602	male	T032	C0086582
28373959	613	620	chronic	T079	C0205191
28373959	621	640	indwelling catheter	T074	C0007439
28373959	646	654	acquired	T080	C0439661
28373959	655	662	ventral	T082	C1704448
28373959	663	677	penile erosion	T020	C1536126
28373959	690	695	cared	T052	C1947933
28373959	707	718	ICU setting	T073,T093	C0021708

28373991|t|Semianalytical Solution for the Deformation of an Elastic Layer under an Axisymmetrically Distributed Power-Form Load: Application to Fluid-Jet-Induced Indentation of Biological Soft Tissues
28373991|a|Fluid-jet-based indentation is used as a noncontact excitation technique by systems measuring the mechanical properties of soft tissues. However, the application of these devices has been hindered by the lack of theoretical solutions. This study developed a mathematical model for testing the indentation induced by a fluid jet and determined a semianalytical solution. The soft tissue was modeled as an elastic layer bonded to a rigid base. The pressure of the fluid jet impinging on the soft tissue was assumed to have a power-form function. The semianalytical solution was verified in detail using finite-element modeling, with excellent agreement being achieved. The effects of several parameters on the solution behaviors are reported, and a method for applying the solution to determine the mechanical properties of soft tissues is suggested.
28373991	0	23	Semianalytical Solution	T033	C0243095
28373991	32	43	Deformation	T169	C0205245
28373991	50	63	Elastic Layer	T077	C1254372
28373991	73	89	Axisymmetrically	T082	C1254362
28373991	90	101	Distributed	T169	C1704711
28373991	102	117	Power-Form Load	T081	C0392762
28373991	119	130	Application	T169	C0205245
28373991	134	163	Fluid-Jet-Induced Indentation	T059	C0022885
28373991	167	177	Biological	T080	C0205460
28373991	178	190	Soft Tissues	T024	C0225317
28373991	191	218	Fluid-jet-based indentation	T059	C0022885
28373991	232	263	noncontact excitation technique	T169	C0449851
28373991	267	274	systems	T169	C0449913
28373991	275	284	measuring	T080	C0444706
28373991	289	310	mechanical properties	T080	C0871161
28373991	314	326	soft tissues	T024	C0225317
28373991	341	352	application	T169	C0205245
28373991	362	369	devices	T074	C0025080
28373991	395	399	lack	T080	C0332268
28373991	403	424	theoretical solutions	T170	C0282574
28373991	431	436	study	T062	C2603343
28373991	449	467	mathematical model	T170	C0876936
28373991	472	479	testing	T169	C0039593
28373991	484	495	indentation	T059	C0022885
28373991	496	503	induced	T169	C0205263
28373991	509	518	fluid jet	T167	C1704353
28373991	536	559	semianalytical solution	T033	C0243095
28373991	565	576	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28373991	581	588	modeled	T062	C0870071
28373991	595	608	elastic layer	T077	C1254372
28373991	609	615	bonded	T169	C0205245
28373991	621	631	rigid base	T167	C3891814
28373991	637	645	pressure	T081	C4284008
28373991	653	662	fluid jet	T167	C1704353
28373991	663	672	impinging	T169	C0205245
28373991	680	691	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28373991	714	733	power-form function	T169	C0542341
28373991	739	762	semianalytical solution	T033	C0243095
28373991	767	775	verified	T169	C1711411
28373991	792	815	finite-element modeling	T062	C0870071
28373991	862	872	effects of	T080	C1704420
28373991	873	880	several	T081	C0443302
28373991	881	891	parameters	T033	C0449381
28373991	899	917	solution behaviors	T033	C0243095
28373991	938	944	method	T169	C0449851
28373991	949	957	applying	T169	C1632850
28373991	962	970	solution	T033	C0243095
28373991	988	1009	mechanical properties	T080	C0871161
28373991	1013	1025	soft tissues	T024	C0225317

28374022|t|A coarse-grained model for assisting the investigation of structure and dynamics of large nucleic acids by ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry
28374022|a|Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry (IMS-MS) is a rapidly emerging tool for the investigation of nucleic acid structure and dynamics. IMS-MS determinations can provide valuable information regarding alternative topologies, folding intermediates, and conformational heterogeneities, which are not readily accessible to other analytical techniques. The leading strategies for data interpretation rely on computational and experimental approaches to correctly assign experimental observations to putative structures. A very effective strategy involves the application of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the structure of the analyte molecule, calculate its collision cross section (CCS), and then compare this computational value with the corresponding experimental data. While this approach works well for small nucleic acid species, analyzing larger nucleic acids of biological interest is hampered by the computational cost associated with capturing their extensive structure and dynamics in all-atom detail. In this report, we describe the implementation of a coarse graining (CG) approach to reduce the cost of the computational methods employed in the data interpretation workflow. Our framework employs a five-bead model to accurately represent each nucleotide in the nucleic acid structure. The beads are appropriately parameterized to enable the direct calculation of CCS values from CG models, thus affording the ability to pursue the analysis of larger, highly dynamic constructs. The validity of this approach was successfully confirmed by the excellent correlation between the CCS values obtained in parallel by all-atom and CG workflows.
28374022	2	22	coarse-grained model	T170	C3161035
28374022	27	36	assisting	T058	C1280910
28374022	41	54	investigation	T058	C0220825
28374022	58	67	structure	T082	C0678594
28374022	72	80	dynamics	T044	C0596957
28374022	90	103	nucleic acids	T114,T123	C0028606
28374022	107	150	ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28374022	151	194	Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28374022	196	202	IMS-MS	T059	C0037813
28374022	226	230	tool	T073	C2827396
28374022	239	252	investigation	T058	C0220825
28374022	256	268	nucleic acid	T114,T123	C0028606
28374022	269	278	structure	T082	C0678594
28374022	283	291	dynamics	T044	C0596957
28374022	293	299	IMS-MS	T059	C0037813
28374022	300	314	determinations	T059	C1148554
28374022	319	326	provide	T052	C1999230
28374022	327	347	valuable information	T078	C1533716
28374022	358	369	alternative	T077	C1523987
28374022	370	380	topologies	T091	C0002812
28374022	382	389	folding	T044	C0162847
28374022	390	403	intermediates	T082	C0205103
28374022	409	423	conformational	T044	C0301641
28374022	424	439	heterogeneities	T032	C0242960
28374022	483	504	analytical techniques	T059	C2713613
28374022	533	537	data	T078	C1511726
28374022	538	552	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28374022	561	574	computational	T059	C4297010
28374022	579	591	experimental	T080	C1517586
28374022	616	622	assign	T169	C1516050
28374022	623	648	experimental observations	T062	C0302523
28374022	661	671	structures	T082	C0678594
28374022	680	689	effective	T080	C1704419
28374022	712	723	application	T169	C4048755
28374022	727	745	molecular dynamics	T044	C0596957
28374022	747	749	MD	T044	C0596957
28374022	751	762	simulations	UnknownType	C0681948
28374022	766	773	predict	T078	C0681842
28374022	778	787	structure	T082	C0678594
28374022	795	811	analyte molecule	T167	C0443354
28374022	813	822	calculate	T052	C1441506
28374022	827	850	collision cross section	T082	C0552389
28374022	852	855	CCS	T082	C0552389
28374022	867	874	compare	T052	C1707455
28374022	880	893	computational	T052	C1880157
28374022	894	899	value	T081	C1522609
28374022	923	935	experimental	T080	C1517586
28374022	936	940	data	T078	C1511726
28374022	983	995	nucleic acid	T114,T123	C0028606
28374022	1022	1035	nucleic acids	T114,T123	C0028606
28374022	1039	1049	biological	T080	C0205460
28374022	1078	1091	computational	T052	C1880157
28374022	1092	1096	cost	T169	C0220812
28374022	1097	1112	associated with	T080	C0332281
28374022	1129	1138	extensive	T080	C0205231
28374022	1139	1148	structure	T082	C0678594
28374022	1153	1161	dynamics	T044	C0596957
28374022	1165	1180	all-atom detail	T080	C1522508
28374022	1190	1196	report	T170	C0684224
28374022	1214	1228	implementation	T052	C1708476
28374022	1234	1263	coarse graining (CG) approach	T170	C3161035
28374022	1267	1273	reduce	T080	C0392756
28374022	1278	1282	cost	T169	C0220812
28374022	1290	1311	computational methods	T062	C1516769
28374022	1312	1320	employed	T033	C0557351
28374022	1328	1332	data	T078	C1511726
28374022	1333	1347	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28374022	1348	1356	workflow	T077	C1710679
28374022	1372	1379	employs	T033	C0557351
28374022	1382	1397	five-bead model	T170	C3161035
28374022	1401	1411	accurately	T080	C0443131
28374022	1412	1421	represent	T052	C1882932
28374022	1427	1437	nucleotide	T114	C0028630
28374022	1445	1457	nucleic acid	T114,T123	C0028606
28374022	1458	1467	structure	T082	C0678594
28374022	1532	1543	calculation	T052	C1441506
28374022	1547	1550	CCS	T082	C0552389
28374022	1551	1557	values	T081	C1522609
28374022	1563	1572	CG models	T170	C3161035
28374022	1615	1623	analysis	T062	C0936012
28374022	1627	1633	larger	T081	C0549177
28374022	1635	1649	highly dynamic	T169	C0729333
28374022	1650	1660	constructs	T114	C0598279
28374022	1666	1674	validity	T081	C2349101
28374022	1709	1721	confirmed by	T080	C0521093
28374022	1726	1735	excellent	T080	C1961136
28374022	1736	1747	correlation	T080	C1707520
28374022	1760	1763	CCS	T082	C0552389
28374022	1764	1770	values	T081	C1522609
28374022	1771	1779	obtained	T169	C1301820
28374022	1783	1791	parallel	T062	C2826345
28374022	1795	1803	all-atom	T077	C1710679
28374022	1808	1820	CG workflows	T077	C1710679

28374639|t|Pesticide residues in orange fruit from citrus orchards in Nuevo Leon State, Mexico
28374639|a|Some international organisations established maximum residue limits (MRLs) in food to protect human health. Mexico lacks regulations in this matter, affecting national and international trade from agroindustry. The aim of this study was to diagnose pesticide residues in oranges from Nuevo Leon, México, in citrus orchards. In May 2014, 100 orange fruit samples were taken randomly from orchards and subjected to analysis for 93 pesticides at residual level by GC / QQQ-MS and LCQ-TOF-MS. Results showed the presence of 15 pesticide residues in the samples. The comparison of the residual levels of pesticides found in orange samples among the MRLs allowed by USA, EU and Japanese regulations demonstrated that all samples were below MRLs issued by USA and Japan. Some orange samples were above MRLs issued by the EU. This provides a basis to establish strategies in order to satisfy International Standards to protect human health and encourage Food Safety in Mexico.
28374639	0	18	Pesticide residues	T131	C0031251
28374639	22	34	orange fruit	T168	C0440277
28374639	40	55	citrus orchards	T082	C0562975
28374639	59	75	Nuevo Leon State	T083	C3828746
28374639	77	83	Mexico	T083	C0025885
28374639	103	116	organisations	T093	C1708333
28374639	117	128	established	T080	C0443211
28374639	129	151	maximum residue limits	T080	C0441889
28374639	153	157	MRLs	T080	C0441889
28374639	162	166	food	T168	C0016452
28374639	170	177	protect	T033	C1545588
28374639	178	183	human	T016	C0086418
28374639	184	190	health	T078	C0018684
28374639	192	198	Mexico	T083	C0025885
28374639	199	204	lacks	T080	C0332268
28374639	205	216	regulations	T064	C0851285
28374639	233	242	affecting	T169	C0392760
28374639	256	275	international trade	T169	C0681067
28374639	281	293	agroindustry	T057	C0021267
28374639	311	316	study	T062	C2603343
28374639	324	332	diagnose	T033	C0011900
28374639	333	351	pesticide residues	T131	C0031251
28374639	355	362	oranges	T168	C0440277
28374639	368	378	Nuevo Leon	T083	C3828746
28374639	380	386	México	T083	C0025885
28374639	391	406	citrus orchards	T082	C0562975
28374639	425	437	orange fruit	T168	C0440277
28374639	438	445	samples	T167	C0370003
28374639	457	465	randomly	T080	C0439605
28374639	471	479	orchards	T082	C0562975
28374639	497	505	analysis	T059	C0002778
28374639	513	523	pesticides	T131	C0031253
28374639	527	535	residual	T131	C0031251
28374639	536	541	level	T080	C0441889
28374639	545	547	GC	T059	C0008555
28374639	550	556	QQQ-MS	T059	C0037813
28374639	561	571	LCQ-TOF-MS	T059	C0599827
28374639	573	580	Results	T169	C1274040
28374639	592	600	presence	T033	C0150312
28374639	607	625	pesticide residues	T131	C0031251
28374639	633	640	samples	T167	C0370003
28374639	664	672	residual	T131	C0031251
28374639	673	679	levels	T080	C0441889
28374639	683	693	pesticides	T131	C0031253
28374639	703	709	orange	T168	C0440277
28374639	710	717	samples	T167	C0370003
28374639	728	732	MRLs	T080	C0441889
28374639	744	747	USA	T083	C0041703
28374639	749	751	EU	T092	C0015179
28374639	756	764	Japanese	T083	C0022341
28374639	765	776	regulations	T064	C0851285
28374639	799	806	samples	T167	C0370003
28374639	818	822	MRLs	T080	C0441889
28374639	833	836	USA	T083	C0041703
28374639	841	846	Japan	T083	C0022341
28374639	853	859	orange	T168	C0440277
28374639	860	867	samples	T167	C0370003
28374639	879	883	MRLs	T080	C0441889
28374639	898	900	EU	T092	C0015179
28374639	927	936	establish	T080	C0443211
28374639	982	991	Standards	T081	C0034925
28374639	995	1002	protect	T033	C1545588
28374639	1003	1008	human	T016	C0086418
28374639	1009	1015	health	T078	C0018684
28374639	1030	1041	Food Safety	T057	C1456535
28374639	1045	1051	Mexico	T083	C0025885

28374841|t|Artificial spatiotemporal touch inputs reveal complementary decoding in neocortical neurons
28374841|a|Investigations of the mechanisms of touch perception and decoding has been hampered by difficulties in achieving invariant patterns of skin sensor activation. To obtain reproducible spatiotemporal patterns of activation of sensory afferents, we used an artificial fingertip equipped with an array of neuromorphic sensors. The artificial fingertip was used to transduce real-world haptic stimuli into spatiotemporal patterns of spikes. These spike patterns were delivered to the skin afferents of the second digit of rats via an array of stimulation electrodes. Combined with low - noise intra - and extracellular recordings from neocortical neurons in vivo, this approach provided a previously inaccessible high resolution analysis of the representation of tactile information in the neocortical neuronal circuitry. The results indicate high information content in individual neurons and reveal multiple novel neuronal tactile coding features such as heterogeneous and complementary spatiotemporal input selectivity also between neighboring neurons. Such neuronal heterogeneity and complementariness can potentially support a very high decoding capacity in a limited population of neurons. Our results also indicate a potential neuroprosthetic approach to communicate with the brain at a very high resolution and provide a potential novel solution for evaluating the degree or state of neurological disease in animal models.
28374841	0	10	Artificial	T080	C2004457
28374841	11	25	spatiotemporal	T062	C3494293
28374841	26	31	touch	T042	C0702221
28374841	32	38	inputs	T077	C1708517
28374841	60	68	decoding	T062	C0242481
28374841	72	83	neocortical	T023	C0175173
28374841	84	91	neurons	T025	C0027882
28374841	92	106	Investigations	T058	C1261322
28374841	114	124	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28374841	128	144	touch perception	T042	C0702221
28374841	149	157	decoding	T062	C0242481
28374841	215	223	patterns	T082	C0449774
28374841	227	231	skin	T022	C1123023
28374841	232	238	sensor	T026	C0034837
28374841	239	249	activation	T052	C1879547
28374841	274	288	spatiotemporal	T062	C3494293
28374841	289	297	patterns	T082	C0449774
28374841	301	311	activation	T052	C1879547
28374841	315	332	sensory afferents	T025	C0027883
28374841	345	365	artificial fingertip	T073	C0699733
28374841	383	388	array	T082	C1510941
28374841	392	412	neuromorphic sensors	T073	C0183210
28374841	418	438	artificial fingertip	T073	C0699733
28374841	451	460	transduce	T040	C1160185
28374841	472	478	haptic	T042	C0702221
28374841	479	486	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28374841	492	506	spatiotemporal	T062	C3494293
28374841	507	515	patterns	T082	C0449774
28374841	519	525	spikes	T170	C0870616
28374841	533	538	spike	T170	C0870616
28374841	539	547	patterns	T082	C0449774
28374841	570	574	skin	T022	C1123023
28374841	575	584	afferents	T025	C0027883
28374841	608	612	rats	T015	C0034721
28374841	620	625	array	T082	C1510941
28374841	629	651	stimulation electrodes	T074	C0180654
28374841	667	670	low	T080	C0205251
28374841	673	678	noise	T067	C0028263
28374841	679	684	intra	T082	C0178719
28374841	691	704	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28374841	705	715	recordings	T170	C0034869
28374841	721	732	neocortical	T023	C0175173
28374841	733	740	neurons	T025	C0027882
28374841	741	748	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28374841	799	814	high resolution	T059	C1719039
28374841	815	823	analysis	T062	C0936012
28374841	849	856	tactile	T080	C0439815
28374841	857	868	information	T078	C1533716
28374841	876	887	neocortical	T023	C0175173
28374841	888	906	neuronal circuitry	T023	C0599854
28374841	934	945	information	T078	C1533716
28374841	968	975	neurons	T025	C0027882
28374841	1002	1010	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28374841	1011	1018	tactile	T080	C0439815
28374841	1019	1025	coding	T062	C0242481
28374841	1043	1056	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28374841	1075	1089	spatiotemporal	T062	C3494293
28374841	1090	1095	input	T077	C1708517
28374841	1121	1132	neighboring	T082	C0205107
28374841	1133	1140	neurons	T025	C0027882
28374841	1147	1155	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28374841	1156	1169	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28374841	1174	1191	complementariness	T080	C0205556
28374841	1228	1236	decoding	T062	C0242481
28374841	1259	1269	population	T081	C0392762
28374841	1273	1280	neurons	T025	C0027882
28374841	1286	1293	results	T033	C0683954
28374841	1320	1335	neuroprosthetic	T091	C0027910
28374841	1348	1359	communicate	T043	C0007582
28374841	1369	1374	brain	T023	C0006104
28374841	1385	1400	high resolution	T059	C1719039
28374841	1444	1454	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28374841	1478	1498	neurological disease	T047	C0027765
28374841	1502	1515	animal models	T008	C0599779

28374958|t|A height-for-age growth reference for children with achondroplasia: Expanded applications and comparison with original reference data
28374958|a|The height-for-age (HA) reference currently used for children with achondroplasia is not adaptable for electronic records or calculation of HA Z-scores. We report new HA curves and tables of mean and standard deviation (SD) HA, for calculating Z-scores, from birth -16 years in achondroplasia. Mixed longitudinal data were abstracted from medical records of achondroplasia patients from a single clinical practice (CIS, 1967-2004). Gender-specific height percentiles (5, 25, 50, 75, 95th) were estimated across the age continuum, using a 2 month window per time point smoothed by a quadratic smoothing algorithm. HA curves were constructed for 0-36 months and 2-16 years to optimize resolution for younger children. Mean monthly height (SD) was tabulated. These novel HA curves were compared to reference data currently in use for children with achondroplasia. 293 subjects (162 male /131 female) contributed 1,005 and 932 height measures, with greater data paucity with age. Mean HA tracked with original achondroplasia norms, particularly through mid-childhood (2-9 years), but with no evidence of a pubertal growth spurt. Standard deviation of height at each month interval increased from birth through 16 years. Birth length was lower in achondroplasia than average stature and, as expected, height deficits increased with age. A new HA reference is available for longitudinal growth assessment in achondroplasia, taking advantage of statistical modeling techniques and allowing for Z-score calculations. This is an important contribution to clinical care and research endeavors for the achondroplasia population.
28374958	2	16	height-for-age	T033	C2030323
28374958	17	33	growth reference	T170	C2718057
28374958	38	46	children	T100	C0008059
28374958	52	66	achondroplasia	T019	C0001080
28374958	77	89	applications	UnknownType	C0683936
28374958	94	104	comparison	T052	C1707455
28374958	110	118	original	T078	C0205313
28374958	119	128	reference	T077	C1706462
28374958	129	133	data	T078	C1511726
28374958	138	152	height-for-age	T033	C2030323
28374958	154	156	HA	T033	C2030323
28374958	158	167	reference	T170	C2718057
28374958	187	195	children	T100	C0008059
28374958	201	215	achondroplasia	T019	C0001080
28374958	237	255	electronic records	T170	C2362543
28374958	259	270	calculation	T052	C1441506
28374958	274	285	HA Z-scores	T081	C0871421
28374958	301	310	HA curves	T170	C2718057
28374958	315	321	tables	T170	C1706074
28374958	325	329	mean	T033	C3533236
28374958	334	352	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28374958	354	356	SD	T081	C0871420
28374958	358	360	HA	T033	C2030323
28374958	366	377	calculating	T052	C1441506
28374958	378	386	Z-scores	T081	C0871421
28374958	393	398	birth	T040	C0005615
28374958	403	408	years	T079	C0439234
28374958	412	426	achondroplasia	T019	C0001080
28374958	428	446	Mixed longitudinal	T062	C0023981
28374958	447	451	data	T078	C1511726
28374958	473	488	medical records	T170	C0025102
28374958	492	506	achondroplasia	T019	C0001080
28374958	507	515	patients	T101	C0030705
28374958	530	547	clinical practice	T170	C0282451
28374958	549	552	CIS	T061	C0587575
28374958	566	588	Gender-specific height	T080	C3476808
28374958	589	600	percentiles	T081	C1264641
28374958	628	637	estimated	T081	C0750572
28374958	649	652	age	T032	C0001779
28374958	653	662	continuum	T051	C2826258
28374958	674	679	month	T079	C0439231
28374958	680	686	window	T079	C1272706
28374958	716	745	quadratic smoothing algorithm	T170	C0002045
28374958	747	756	HA curves	T170	C2718057
28374958	783	789	months	T079	C0439231
28374958	799	804	years	T079	C0439234
28374958	808	816	optimize	T052	C2698650
28374958	817	827	resolution	T077	C2699488
28374958	832	848	younger children	T099	C0337547
28374958	850	869	Mean monthly height	T032	C0005890
28374958	871	873	SD	T081	C0871420
28374958	902	911	HA curves	T170	C2718057
28374958	917	925	compared	T052	C1707455
28374958	929	938	reference	T077	C1706462
28374958	939	943	data	T078	C1511726
28374958	965	973	children	T100	C0008059
28374958	979	993	achondroplasia	T019	C0001080
28374958	999	1007	subjects	T098	C0080105
28374958	1013	1017	male	T032	C0086582
28374958	1023	1029	female	T032	C0086287
28374958	1057	1072	height measures	T033	C0578021
28374958	1087	1091	data	T078	C1511726
28374958	1105	1108	age	T032	C0001779
28374958	1115	1117	HA	T033	C2030323
28374958	1131	1139	original	T078	C0205313
28374958	1140	1154	achondroplasia	T019	C0001080
28374958	1183	1196	mid-childhood	T079	C0231335
28374958	1202	1207	years	T079	C0439234
28374958	1236	1244	pubertal	T039	C0034011
28374958	1245	1257	growth spurt	T042	C0920879
28374958	1259	1277	Standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28374958	1281	1287	height	T032	C0005890
28374958	1296	1301	month	T079	C0439231
28374958	1302	1310	interval	T079	C1272706
28374958	1311	1320	increased	T081	C0205217
28374958	1326	1331	birth	T040	C0005615
28374958	1343	1348	years	T079	C0439234
28374958	1350	1362	Birth length	T033	C0419415
28374958	1376	1390	achondroplasia	T019	C0001080
28374958	1396	1411	average stature	T033	C1846844
28374958	1430	1436	height	T032	C0005890
28374958	1437	1445	deficits	T080	C2987487
28374958	1446	1455	increased	T081	C0205217
28374958	1461	1464	age	T032	C0001779
28374958	1472	1474	HA	T033	C2030323
28374958	1475	1484	reference	T170	C2718057
28374958	1502	1514	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
28374958	1515	1521	growth	T040	C0018270
28374958	1522	1532	assessment	T058	C0220825
28374958	1536	1550	achondroplasia	T019	C0001080
28374958	1572	1592	statistical modeling	T081,T170	C0026348
28374958	1593	1603	techniques	T169	C0449851
28374958	1621	1628	Z-score	T081	C0871421
28374958	1629	1641	calculations	T052	C1441506
28374958	1680	1688	clinical	T080	C0205210
28374958	1689	1693	care	T052	C1947933
28374958	1698	1716	research endeavors	T062	C0242481
28374958	1725	1739	achondroplasia	T019	C0001080
28374958	1740	1750	population	T098	C1257890

28375449|t|Modified anastomotic technique for thoracolaparoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy: early outcomes and technical details
28375449|a|Thoracoscopic intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy is a technically demanding operation; these technical requirements restrict the extensive application of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. In an attempt to reduce the difficulty of this surgical procedure, this study developed a modified anastomotic technique for thoracolaparoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy. During the entirety of this modified approach, neither technically challenging operations such as intrathoracic suturing or knotting, nor special instruments such as an OrVil system or a reverse-puncture head are required. Between October 2015 and January 2016, 15 consecutive patients with cancer in the distal third of the esophagus or the gastric cardia underwent this modified surgical procedure. The good short-term outcomes that were achieved suggest that the modified anastomotic technique is safe and feasible for thoracolaparoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy.
28375449	0	8	Modified	T169	C0392747
28375449	9	30	anastomotic technique	T061	C0677554
28375449	35	79	thoracolaparoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy	T061	C0472889
28375449	81	86	early	T079	C1279919
28375449	87	95	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28375449	100	117	technical details	T080	C1522508
28375449	118	165	Thoracoscopic intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy	T061	C0192353
28375449	210	232	technical requirements	UnknownType	C0681521
28375449	256	270	application of	T169	C1524063
28375449	271	280	minimally	T080	C0547040
28375449	281	289	invasive	T080	C0205281
28375449	290	314	Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy	T061	C0472889
28375449	333	339	reduce	T081	C0547047
28375449	363	381	surgical procedure	T061	C0543467
28375449	406	414	modified	T169	C0392747
28375449	415	436	anastomotic technique	T061	C0677554
28375449	441	485	thoracolaparoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy	T061	C0472889
28375449	515	523	modified	T169	C0392747
28375449	524	532	approach	T169	C1292724
28375449	566	576	operations	T061	C0543467
28375449	585	607	intrathoracic suturing	T061	C0009068
28375449	611	619	knotting	T061	C0087111
28375449	633	644	instruments	T074	C0348000
28375449	656	668	OrVil system	T074	C0025080
28375449	674	695	reverse-puncture head	T074	C0025080
28375449	752	763	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28375449	764	772	patients	T101	C0030705
28375449	778	784	cancer	T191	C0006826
28375449	792	821	distal third of the esophagus	T029	C0227191
28375449	829	843	gastric cardia	T029	C0007144
28375449	859	867	modified	T169	C0392747
28375449	868	886	surgical procedure	T061	C0543467
28375449	897	907	short-term	T079	C0443303
28375449	908	916	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28375449	953	961	modified	T169	C0392747
28375449	962	983	anastomotic technique	T061	C0677554
28375449	1009	1053	thoracolaparoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy	T061	C0472889

28375566|t|Quantitative analysis of cell proliferation by a dye dilution assay: Application to cell lines and cocultures
28375566|a|Cell proliferation represents one of the most fundamental processes in biological systems, thus the quantitative analysis of cell proliferation is important in many biological applications such as drug screening, production of biologics, and assessment of cytotoxicity. Conventional proliferation assays mainly quantify cell number based on a calibration curve of a homogeneous cell population, and therefore are not applicable for the analysis of cocultured cells. Moreover, these assays measure cell proliferation indirectly, based on cellular metabolic activity or DNA content. To overcome these shortcomings, a dye dilution assay employing fluorescent cell tracking dyes that are retained within cells was applied and was diluted proportionally by subsequent cell divisions. Here, it was demonstrated that this assay could be implemented to quantitatively analyze the cell proliferation of different types of cell lines, and to concurrently analyze the proliferation of two types of cell lines in coculture by utilizing cell tracking dyes with different spectral characteristics. The mean division time estimated by the dye dilution assay is compared with the population doubling time obtained from conventional methods and values from literature. Additionally, dye transfer between cocultured cells was investigated and it was found that it is a characteristic of the cells rather than a characteristic of the dye. It was suggested that this method can be easily combined with other flow cytometric analyses of cellular properties, providing valuable information on cell status under diverse conditions. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
28375566	0	21	Quantitative analysis	UnknownType	C0681919
28375566	25	43	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28375566	49	67	dye dilution assay	T060	C0013341
28375566	69	80	Application	T169	C4048755
28375566	84	94	cell lines	T025	C0682523
28375566	99	109	cocultures	T059	C0282547
28375566	110	128	Cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28375566	168	199	processes in biological systems	T038	C3714634
28375566	210	231	quantitative analysis	UnknownType	C0681919
28375566	235	253	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28375566	275	285	biological	T091	C0005532
28375566	286	298	applications	T169	C4048755
28375566	307	321	drug screening	T059	C0373483
28375566	337	346	biologics	T121,T123	C0005522
28375566	352	362	assessment	T058	C0220825
28375566	366	378	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28375566	380	392	Conventional	T080	C0439858
28375566	393	413	proliferation assays	T062	C3899698
28375566	430	441	cell number	T059	C0007584
28375566	453	470	calibration curve	T081	C0006751
28375566	476	487	homogeneous	T080	C1881065
28375566	488	503	cell population	T025	C0007634
28375566	546	554	analysis	T062	C0936012
28375566	558	574	cocultured cells	T025	C0007635
28375566	592	598	assays	T059	C0005507
28375566	599	606	measure	T169	C0242485
28375566	607	625	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28375566	647	674	cellular metabolic activity	T043	C1524026
28375566	678	689	DNA content	T081	C0032246
28375566	694	702	overcome	T052	C2983310
28375566	725	743	dye dilution assay	T060	C0013341
28375566	754	784	fluorescent cell tracking dyes	T130	C0016320
28375566	794	802	retained	T169	C0333118
28375566	810	815	cells	T025	C0007634
28375566	836	843	diluted	T169	C1948037
28375566	844	858	proportionally	T080	C0205351
28375566	873	887	cell divisions	T043	C0007590
28375566	925	930	assay	T059	C1510438
28375566	955	977	quantitatively analyze	UnknownType	C0681919
28375566	982	1000	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28375566	1023	1033	cell lines	T025	C0682523
28375566	1042	1054	concurrently	T079	C0205420
28375566	1055	1062	analyze	T062	C0936012
28375566	1067	1080	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28375566	1097	1107	cell lines	T025	C0682523
28375566	1111	1120	coculture	T059	C0282547
28375566	1134	1147	cell tracking	T062	C2936595
28375566	1148	1152	dyes	T130	C0016320
28375566	1168	1176	spectral	T081	C1883073
28375566	1177	1192	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28375566	1198	1216	mean division time	T081	C0392762
28375566	1217	1226	estimated	T081	C0750572
28375566	1234	1252	dye dilution assay	T060	C0013341
28375566	1274	1298	population doubling time	T079	C2986483
28375566	1313	1325	conventional	T080	C0439858
28375566	1326	1333	methods	T170	C0025663
28375566	1338	1344	values	UnknownType	C0456580
28375566	1350	1360	literature	T170	C0023866
28375566	1376	1379	dye	T130	C0016320
28375566	1397	1413	cocultured cells	T025	C0007635
28375566	1418	1430	investigated	T169	C1292732
28375566	1461	1475	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28375566	1483	1488	cells	T025	C0007634
28375566	1503	1517	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28375566	1525	1528	dye	T130	C0016320
28375566	1598	1622	flow cytometric analyses	T059	C0016263
28375566	1626	1634	cellular	T025	C0007634
28375566	1635	1645	properties	T080	C0871161
28375566	1657	1665	valuable	T080	C0205556
28375566	1666	1677	information	T078	C1533716
28375566	1681	1692	cell status	T080	C0449438
28375566	1699	1706	diverse	T080	C1880371
28375566	1707	1717	conditions	T080	C0348080

28375653|t|An innovative method of ocular prosthesis fabrication by bio-CAD and rapid 3-D printing technology: A pilot study
28375653|a|Ocular prosthesis is either a readymade stock shell or custom made prosthesis (CMP). Presently, there is no other technology available, which is either superior or even comparable to the conventional CMP. The present study was designed to fabricate ocular prosthesis using computer aided design (CAD) and rapid manufacturing (RM) technology and to compare it with custom made prosthesis (CMP). The ocular prosthesis prepared by CAD was compared with conventional CMP in terms of time taken for fabrication, weight, cosmesis, comfort, and motility. Two eyes of two patients were included. Computerized tomography scan of wax model of socket was converted into three dimensional format using Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System (MIMICS) software and further refined. This was given as an input to rapid manufacturing machine (Polyjet 3-D printer). The final painting on prototype was done by an ocularist. The average effective time required for fabrication of CAD prosthesis was 2.5 hours; and weight 2.9 grams. The same for CMP were 10 hours; and 4.4 grams. CAD prosthesis was more comfortable for both the patients. The study demonstrates the first ever attempt of fabricating a complete ocular prosthesis using CAD and rapid manufacturing and comparing it with conventional CMP. This prosthesis takes lesser time for fabrication, and is more comfortable. Studies with larger sample size will be required to further validate this technique.
28375653	24	41	ocular prosthesis	T074	C0015417
28375653	42	53	fabrication	T057	C0870840
28375653	57	64	bio-CAD	T066	C0162517
28375653	69	74	rapid	T080	C0456962
28375653	75	87	3-D printing	T073	C3849992
28375653	88	98	technology	T090	C0039421
28375653	102	113	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28375653	114	131	Ocular prosthesis	T074	C0015417
28375653	144	165	readymade stock shell	T073	C3273359
28375653	169	180	custom made	T052	C1880202
28375653	181	191	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
28375653	193	196	CMP	T074	C0175649
28375653	228	238	technology	T090	C0039421
28375653	301	313	conventional	T080	C0439858
28375653	314	317	CMP	T074	C0175649
28375653	341	349	designed	T057	C0014677
28375653	353	362	fabricate	T057	C0870840
28375653	363	380	ocular prosthesis	T074	C0015417
28375653	387	408	computer aided design	T066	C0162517
28375653	410	413	CAD	T066	C0162517
28375653	419	424	rapid	T080	C0456962
28375653	425	438	manufacturing	T057	C0870840
28375653	440	442	RM	T057	C0870840
28375653	444	454	technology	T090	C0039421
28375653	478	489	custom made	T052	C1880202
28375653	490	500	prosthesis	T074	C0175649
28375653	502	505	CMP	T074	C0175649
28375653	512	529	ocular prosthesis	T074	C0015417
28375653	542	545	CAD	T066	C0162517
28375653	564	576	conventional	T080	C0439858
28375653	577	580	CMP	T074	C0175649
28375653	608	619	fabrication	T057	C0870840
28375653	621	627	weight	T081	C0043100
28375653	629	637	cosmesis	T061	C0442965
28375653	639	646	comfort	T041	C1331418
28375653	652	660	motility	T033	C0549100
28375653	666	670	eyes	T023	C0015392
28375653	678	686	patients	T101	C0030705
28375653	702	730	Computerized tomography scan	T060	C0870067
28375653	734	737	wax	T122	C0043076
28375653	773	790	three dimensional	T082	C0450363
28375653	804	856	Materialize Interactive Medical Image Control System	T061	C0449302
28375653	858	864	MIMICS	T061	C0449302
28375653	866	874	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28375653	917	922	input	T077	C1708517
28375653	926	931	rapid	T080	C0456962
28375653	932	945	manufacturing	T057	C0870840
28375653	946	953	machine	T073	C0336779
28375653	955	974	Polyjet 3-D printer	T073	C3849992
28375653	999	1008	prototype	T074	C0025080
28375653	1024	1033	ocularist	T097	C1554536
28375653	1075	1086	fabrication	T057	C0870840
28375653	1090	1093	CAD	T066	C0162517
28375653	1094	1104	prosthesis	T074	C0015417
28375653	1155	1158	CMP	T074	C0175649
28375653	1189	1192	CAD	T066	C0162517
28375653	1193	1203	prosthesis	T074	C0015417
28375653	1213	1224	comfortable	T033	C2712134
28375653	1238	1246	patients	T101	C0030705
28375653	1297	1308	fabricating	T057	C0870840
28375653	1320	1337	ocular prosthesis	T074	C0015417
28375653	1344	1347	CAD	T066	C0162517
28375653	1352	1357	rapid	T080	C0456962
28375653	1358	1371	manufacturing	T057	C0870840
28375653	1394	1406	conventional	T080	C0439858
28375653	1407	1410	CMP	T074	C0175649
28375653	1417	1427	prosthesis	T074	C0015417
28375653	1450	1461	fabrication	T057	C0870840
28375653	1475	1486	comfortable	T033	C2712134
28375653	1562	1571	technique	T169	C0449851

28375729|t|Long-Range Interactions in Riboswitch Control of Gene Expression
28375729|a|Riboswitches are widespread RNA motifs that regulate gene expression in response to fluctuating metabolite concentrations. Known primarily from bacteria, riboswitches couple specific ligand binding and changes in RNA structure to mRNA expression in cis. Crystal structures of the ligand binding domains of most of the phylogenetically widespread classes of riboswitches, each specific to a particular metabolite or ion, are now available. Thus, the bound states -one end point -have been thoroughly characterized, but the unbound states have been more elusive. Consequently, it is less clear how the unbound, sensing riboswitch refolds into the ligand binding - induced output state. The ligand recognition mechanisms of riboswitches are diverse, but we find that they share a common structural strategy in positioning their binding sites at the point of the RNA three-dimensional fold where the residues farthest from one another in sequence meet. We review how riboswitch folds adhere to this fundamental strategy and propose future research directions for understanding and harnessing their ability to specifically control gene expression.
28375729	0	10	Long-Range	T081	C1514721
28375729	11	23	Interactions	T169	C1704675
28375729	27	37	Riboswitch	T114,T123	C2936590
28375729	38	45	Control	T169	C2587213
28375729	49	64	Gene Expression	T045	C0017262
28375729	65	77	Riboswitches	T114,T123	C2936590
28375729	82	92	widespread	T082	C0205391
28375729	93	103	RNA motifs	T086	C3178797
28375729	118	133	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28375729	149	160	fluctuating	T079	C0231241
28375729	161	171	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28375729	172	186	concentrations	T081	C1264643
28375729	209	217	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28375729	219	231	riboswitches	T114,T123	C2936590
28375729	239	262	specific ligand binding	T044	C1517880
28375729	267	274	changes	T169	C0392747
28375729	278	281	RNA	T114	C0035668
28375729	282	291	structure	T082	C0678594
28375729	295	310	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28375729	314	317	cis	T082	C1254362
28375729	319	337	Crystal structures	T104	C0444626
28375729	345	367	ligand binding domains	T087	C0682969
28375729	383	399	phylogenetically	T078	C0871077
28375729	400	410	widespread	T082	C0205391
28375729	422	434	riboswitches	T114,T123	C2936590
28375729	441	449	specific	T080	C0205369
28375729	466	476	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28375729	480	483	ion	T196	C0022023
28375729	493	502	available	T169	C0470187
28375729	514	526	bound states	T169	C1442792
28375729	532	541	end point	T080	C0205556
28375729	564	577	characterized	T052	C1880022
28375729	587	601	unbound states	T169	C1442792
28375729	674	692	sensing riboswitch	T114,T123	C2936590
28375729	693	700	refolds	T082	C0332462
28375729	710	724	ligand binding	T044	C1517880
28375729	727	734	induced	T169	C0205263
28375729	735	747	output state	T169	C1442792
28375729	753	759	ligand	T103	C0023688
28375729	760	771	recognition	T044	C0599844
28375729	772	782	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28375729	786	798	riboswitches	T114,T123	C2936590
28375729	803	810	diverse	T080	C1880371
28375729	842	848	common	T081	C0205214
28375729	849	859	structural	T082	C0678594
28375729	872	883	positioning	T082	C0733755
28375729	890	903	binding sites	T082	C0205145
28375729	924	927	RNA	T114	C0035668
28375729	928	950	three-dimensional fold	T082	C0026377
28375729	961	969	residues	T077	C1709915
28375729	999	1012	sequence meet	T169	C1519249
28375729	1028	1038	riboswitch	T114,T123	C2936590
28375729	1039	1044	folds	T082	C0332462
28375729	1093	1099	future	T079	C0016884
28375729	1100	1108	research	T062	C0035168
28375729	1109	1119	directions	T082	C0439755
28375729	1142	1152	harnessing	T080	C0205556
28375729	1183	1190	control	T169	C2587213
28375729	1191	1206	gene expression	T045	C0017262

28375743|t|Engineering and In Vivo Applications of Riboswitches
28375743|a|Riboswitches are common gene regulatory units mostly found in bacteria that are capable of altering gene expression in response to a small molecule. These structured RNA elements consist of two modular subunits: an aptamer domain that binds with high specificity and affinity to a target ligand and an expression platform that transduces ligand binding to a gene expression output. Significant progress has been made in engineering novel aptamer domains for new small molecule inducers of gene expression. Modified expression platforms have also been optimized to function when fused with both natural and synthetic aptamer domains. As this field expands, the use of these privileged scaffolds has permitted the development of tools such as RNA -based fluorescent biosensors. In this review, we summarize the methods that have been developed to engineer new riboswitches and highlight applications of natural and synthetic riboswitches in enzyme and strain engineering, in controlling gene expression and cellular physiology, and in real-time imaging of cellular metabolites and signals. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry Volume 86 is June 20, 2017. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
28375743	0	11	Engineering	T063	C0017387
28375743	16	23	In Vivo	T082	C1515655
28375743	24	36	Applications	T169	C4048755
28375743	40	52	Riboswitches	T114,T123	C2936590
28375743	53	65	Riboswitches	T114,T123	C2936590
28375743	70	76	common	T081	C0205214
28375743	77	98	gene regulatory units	T028	C0017362
28375743	115	123	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28375743	133	140	capable	T080	C2698977
28375743	144	152	altering	T078	C1515926
28375743	153	168	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28375743	172	180	response	T032	C0871261
28375743	186	200	small molecule	T109	C1328819
28375743	208	231	structured RNA elements	T114	C0035668
28375743	247	254	modular	T077	C1709061
28375743	255	263	subunits	T081	C1711351
28375743	268	282	aptamer domain	T114	C0599013
28375743	288	293	binds	T044	C1167622
28375743	299	303	high	T080	C0205250
28375743	304	315	specificity	T081	C0037791
28375743	320	328	affinity	T070	C1510827
28375743	334	340	target	T169	C1521840
28375743	341	347	ligand	T103	C0023688
28375743	355	365	expression	T045	C0017262
28375743	380	390	transduces	T043	C0037083
28375743	391	405	ligand binding	T044	C1517880
28375743	411	426	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28375743	435	446	Significant	T078	C0750502
28375743	447	455	progress	T169	C1280477
28375743	473	484	engineering	T063	C0017387
28375743	485	490	novel	T080	C0205314
28375743	491	506	aptamer domains	T114	C0599013
28375743	511	514	new	T080	C0205314
28375743	515	529	small molecule	T109	C1328819
28375743	530	538	inducers	T167	C3898767
28375743	542	557	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28375743	559	567	Modified	T169	C0392747
28375743	568	578	expression	T045	C0017262
28375743	604	613	optimized	T052	C2698650
28375743	617	625	function	T169	C0542341
28375743	631	636	fused	T169	C0699952
28375743	647	654	natural	T169	C0205296
28375743	659	668	synthetic	T080	C2004457
28375743	669	684	aptamer domains	T114	C0599013
28375743	694	699	field	T077	C2346620
28375743	726	736	privileged	T078	C1547898
28375743	737	746	scaffolds	T073	C0337143
28375743	765	776	development	T169	C1527148
28375743	780	785	tools	T073	C2827396
28375743	794	797	RNA	T114	C0035668
28375743	805	816	fluorescent	T070	C0016315
28375743	817	827	biosensors	T075	C0600364
28375743	837	843	review	T170	C0282443
28375743	848	857	summarize	T170	C1552616
28375743	862	869	methods	T170	C0025663
28375743	898	906	engineer	T057	C0578393
28375743	911	923	riboswitches	T114,T123	C2936590
28375743	938	950	applications	T169	C4048755
28375743	954	961	natural	T169	C0205296
28375743	966	975	synthetic	T080	C2004457
28375743	976	988	riboswitches	T114,T123	C2936590
28375743	992	998	enzyme	T059,T063	C0033629
28375743	1003	1021	strain engineering	T091	C1879848
28375743	1038	1053	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28375743	1058	1077	cellular physiology	T043	C0007613
28375743	1086	1103	real-time imaging	T060	C0079595
28375743	1107	1127	cellular metabolites	T123	C0870883
28375743	1132	1139	signals	T044	C0037080

28375952|t|Interprofessional Barriers: A Study of Quality Improvement Work Among Nurses and Physicians
28375952|a|This article studies interprofessional barriers between nurses and physicians in the context of quality improvement work. A total of 17 nurses and 10 physicians were interviewed at 2 hospitals in Sweden. The study uncovered a number of barriers relating to both the relative status of each group and their defined areas of responsibility.
28375952	0	26	Interprofessional Barriers	T033	C0243095
28375952	39	63	Quality Improvement Work	T057	C2936612
28375952	70	76	Nurses	T097	C0028661
28375952	81	91	Physicians	T097	C0031831
28375952	113	139	interprofessional barriers	T033	C0243095
28375952	148	154	nurses	T097	C0028661
28375952	159	169	physicians	T097	C0031831
28375952	177	184	context	T078	C0449255
28375952	188	212	quality improvement work	T057	C2936612
28375952	228	234	nurses	T097	C0028661
28375952	242	252	physicians	T097	C0031831
28375952	258	269	interviewed	T062	C0018260
28375952	275	284	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28375952	288	294	Sweden	T083	C0038995
28375952	300	315	study uncovered	T169	C0439845
28375952	318	336	number of barriers	T033	C4296486
28375952	377	387	each group	T078	C0441833
28375952	406	429	areas of responsibility	T055	C0678341

28376287|t|Recovery from alcohol dependence: Do smoking indicators predict abstinence?
28376287|a|There is inconsistent evidence about the potential influence of smoking on recovery from alcohol dependence. Our study aimed at assessing the impact of smoking-behavior on relapse during a 12 months follow-up period following a detoxification in patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Three hundred Patients with AUD (74.9% smoking) were recruited from two inpatient detoxification units in psychiatric hospitals in Germany and their alcohol consumption was prospectively followed for 1 year. Data on different indicators of smoking behavior was gathered. Cox regression model was used to evaluate potential risk factors on time to relapse of alcohol consumption. Two hundred seventy-nine participants (n = 279) were included in the final analysis. Smoking increased the risk for alcohol relapse (hazard ratio = 3.962, 95% CI 1.582-9.921). However, this increased risk is slightly reduced with higher numbers of daily consumed cigarettes (hazard ratio per cigarette = .986, 95% CI .976-.995). Smoking reduced the probability of maintaining alcohol abstinence significantly, whereas higher number of cigarettes smoked daily diminished the increased risk of alcohol relapse in alcohol-dependent patients. Coordinated psychiatric and substance abuse interventions for different subgroups of patients with AUD in the post-acute treatment phase are necessary. Individualized treatment planning is especially important in smoking patients with AUD who are vulnerable for a relapse to alcohol drinking and for somatic complications. Our findings might support individualized treatment plans .(Am J Addict 2017;XX:1-8).
28376287	0	8	Recovery	T052	C0237820
28376287	14	32	alcohol dependence	T048	C0001973
28376287	37	44	smoking	T055	C0037369
28376287	45	55	indicators	T169	C1522602
28376287	64	74	abstinence	T061	C3843422
28376287	85	97	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
28376287	98	106	evidence	T078	C3887511
28376287	117	126	potential	T080	C3245505
28376287	127	136	influence	T077	C4054723
28376287	140	147	smoking	T055	C0037369
28376287	151	159	recovery	T052	C0237820
28376287	165	183	alcohol dependence	T048	C0001973
28376287	189	194	study	T059	C0947630
28376287	204	213	assessing	T058	C0184514
28376287	218	224	impact	T080	C4049986
28376287	228	244	smoking-behavior	T055	C1519383
28376287	248	255	relapse	T067	C0035020
28376287	268	274	months	T079	C0439231
28376287	275	284	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28376287	285	291	period	T079	C1948053
28376287	304	318	detoxification	T061	C0150543
28376287	322	330	patients	T101	C0030705
28376287	336	356	Alcohol Use Disorder	T048	C0001956
28376287	358	361	AUD	T048	C0001956
28376287	378	386	Patients	T101	C0030705
28376287	392	395	AUD	T048	C0001956
28376287	403	410	smoking	T055	C0037369
28376287	436	445	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28376287	446	466	detoxification units	T093	C1708333
28376287	470	491	psychiatric hospitals	T073,T093	C0020021
28376287	495	502	Germany	T083	C0017480
28376287	513	532	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28376287	566	570	year	T079	C0439234
28376287	572	576	Data	T078	C1511726
28376287	590	600	indicators	T169	C1522602
28376287	604	620	smoking behavior	T055	C1519383
28376287	635	655	Cox regression model	T081,T170	C0033489
28376287	668	676	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28376287	677	686	potential	T080	C3245505
28376287	687	699	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28376287	711	718	relapse	T067	C0035020
28376287	722	741	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28376287	768	780	participants	T098	C0679646
28376287	812	817	final	T079	C3853528
28376287	818	826	analysis	T062	C0936012
28376287	828	835	Smoking	T055	C0037369
28376287	836	845	increased	T081	C0205217
28376287	850	854	risk	T078	C0035647
28376287	859	874	alcohol relapse	T067	C0035020
28376287	876	888	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28376287	902	904	CI	T081	C0009667
28376287	933	942	increased	T081	C0205217
28376287	943	947	risk	T078	C0035647
28376287	960	967	reduced	T080	C0392756
28376287	991	996	daily	T079	C0332173
28376287	997	1016	consumed cigarettes	T033	C0459840
28376287	1018	1030	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28376287	1031	1034	per	T080	C3887962
28376287	1035	1044	cigarette	T033	C0459840
28376287	1057	1059	CI	T081	C0009667
28376287	1072	1087	Smoking reduced	T033	C1276355
28376287	1092	1103	probability	T081	C0033204
28376287	1107	1118	maintaining	T052	C0024501
28376287	1119	1137	alcohol abstinence	T061	C3843422
28376287	1138	1151	significantly	T078	C0750502
28376287	1161	1167	higher	T080	C0205250
28376287	1178	1195	cigarettes smoked	T033	C0459840
28376287	1196	1201	daily	T079	C0332173
28376287	1202	1212	diminished	T081	C0205216
28376287	1217	1226	increased	T081	C0205217
28376287	1227	1231	risk	T078	C0035647
28376287	1235	1250	alcohol relapse	T067	C0035020
28376287	1254	1271	alcohol-dependent	T048	C0001973
28376287	1272	1280	patients	T101	C0030705
28376287	1282	1293	Coordinated	T169	C0700114
28376287	1294	1305	psychiatric	T169	C0205487
28376287	1310	1325	substance abuse	T048	C0740858
28376287	1326	1339	interventions	T061	C0184661
28376287	1354	1363	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28376287	1367	1375	patients	T101	C0030705
28376287	1381	1384	AUD	T048	C0001956
28376287	1392	1418	post-acute treatment phase	UnknownType	C0814495
28376287	1434	1448	Individualized	T080	C1881197
28376287	1449	1458	treatment	T169	C1522326
28376287	1495	1502	smoking	T055	C0037369
28376287	1503	1511	patients	T101	C0030705
28376287	1517	1520	AUD	T048	C0001956
28376287	1546	1573	relapse to alcohol drinking	T067	C0035020
28376287	1582	1589	somatic	T080	C2986476
28376287	1590	1603	complications	T046	C0009566
28376287	1609	1617	findings	T033	C0243095
28376287	1632	1646	individualized	T080	C1881197
28376287	1647	1662	treatment plans	T170	C0599880

28376393|t|A novel assay to measure tertiary and quaternary amines in wastewater: An indicator for NDMA wastewater precursors
28376393|a|This study examined the potential of using a novel bulk amine assay as an approximation for the tertiary and quaternary amine load in wastewaters and surface water samples, and this approximation was compared to N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation potential using chloramines. An existing colorimetric method was examined and optimized for the detection of amines in environmental water samples. The method consists of liquid-liquid extraction followed by a catalyzed reaction to form a yet- undefined product that is known to be both a strong chromophore and fluorophore. Previous work verified that this reaction was effectively catalyzed by a number of compounds containing tertiary and quaternary amine moieties. Many tertiary and quaternary compounds are also efficient producers of NDMA under chloramination conditions, and a linear correlation was consequently derived from the bulk amine signals vs. NDMA formation potential in various wastewater samples (R(2) = 0.74; n = 24; p-value < 0.05). The results provide evidence that approximately 2% of the tertiary and quaternary amines measured can form NDMA and an estimated 0.01-1.3% of nitrogen in dissolved organic nitrogen originates from these bulk amines. The normalization of NDMA concentration by the amine measurement revealed that ozone effectively destroyed those tertiary and quaternary amine structures more likely to form NDMA in treated wastewater samples. This bulk amine assay illustrates that proxy measurements of tertiary and quaternary amines can be linked to the NDMA formation potential of a given sample, and this approach may prove useful as a characterizing tool for NDMA precursors in wastewater.
28376393	2	7	novel	T080	C0205314
28376393	8	13	assay	T059	C1510438
28376393	17	24	measure	T081	C0079809
28376393	25	33	tertiary	T197	C0597565
28376393	38	55	quaternary amines	T109	C0578399
28376393	59	69	wastewater	T069	C3494254
28376393	74	83	indicator	T169	C1522602
28376393	88	92	NDMA	T109,T131	C0012431
28376393	93	103	wastewater	T069	C3494254
28376393	104	114	precursors	T078	C1709634
28376393	120	125	study	T059	C0947630
28376393	126	134	examined	T033	C0332128
28376393	139	148	potential	T080	C3245505
28376393	160	165	novel	T080	C0205314
28376393	166	182	bulk amine assay	T059	C1510438
28376393	189	202	approximation	T080	C0332232
28376393	211	219	tertiary	T197	C0597565
28376393	224	240	quaternary amine	T109	C0578399
28376393	249	260	wastewaters	T069	C3494254
28376393	265	272	surface	T082	C0205148
28376393	273	286	water samples	T197	C1550678
28376393	297	310	approximation	T080	C0332232
28376393	315	323	compared	T052	C1707455
28376393	327	349	N-nitrosodimethylamine	T109,T131	C0012431
28376393	351	355	NDMA	T109,T131	C0012431
28376393	357	366	formation	T169	C1522492
28376393	367	376	potential	T080	C3245505
28376393	383	394	chloramines	T109	C0008164
28376393	408	427	colorimetric method	T059	C0009407
28376393	432	440	examined	T033	C0332128
28376393	463	472	detection	T033	C0442726
28376393	476	482	amines	T109	C0002508
28376393	486	499	environmental	T082	C0014406
28376393	500	513	water samples	T197	C1550678
28376393	519	525	method	T059	C0871511
28376393	538	562	liquid-liquid extraction	T059	C3178840
28376393	577	586	catalyzed	T169	C0205245
28376393	587	595	reaction	T067	C0596319
28376393	611	620	undefined	T078	C0750600
28376393	621	628	product	T071	C1514468
28376393	656	662	strong	T080	C0442821
28376393	663	674	chromophore	T120	C0596335
28376393	679	690	fluorophore	T121,T130	C0598447
28376393	725	733	reaction	T067	C0596319
28376393	750	759	catalyzed	T169	C0205245
28376393	765	771	number	T081	C0237753
28376393	775	784	compounds	T080	C0205198
28376393	796	804	tertiary	T197	C0597565
28376393	809	825	quaternary amine	T109	C0578399
28376393	826	834	moieties	T077	C3641152
28376393	841	849	tertiary	T197	C0597565
28376393	854	874	quaternary compounds	T109	C0578399
28376393	884	893	efficient	T080	C0442799
28376393	894	903	producers	T169	C0205245
28376393	907	911	NDMA	T109,T131	C0012431
28376393	918	932	chloramination	T070	C0002505
28376393	933	943	conditions	T080	C0348080
28376393	951	969	linear correlation	T080	C1707520
28376393	974	986	consequently	T033	C3845876
28376393	1004	1022	bulk amine signals	T067	C1710082
28376393	1027	1031	NDMA	T109,T131	C0012431
28376393	1032	1041	formation	T169	C1522492
28376393	1042	1051	potential	T080	C3245505
28376393	1063	1073	wastewater	T069	C3494254
28376393	1074	1081	samples	T167	C0370003
28376393	1141	1149	evidence	T078	C3887511
28376393	1155	1168	approximately	T080	C0332232
28376393	1179	1187	tertiary	T197	C0597565
28376393	1210	1218	measured	T080	C0444706
28376393	1228	1232	NDMA	T109,T131	C0012431
28376393	1240	1249	estimated	T081	C0750572
28376393	1263	1271	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28376393	1275	1312	dissolved organic nitrogen originates	T109	C0002508
28376393	1324	1335	bulk amines	T109	C0002508
28376393	1341	1354	normalization	T062	C1882115
28376393	1358	1362	NDMA	T109,T131	C0012431
28376393	1363	1376	concentration	T081	C1446561
28376393	1384	1389	amine	T109	C0002508
28376393	1390	1401	measurement	T169	C0242485
28376393	1416	1421	ozone	T103	C0030106
28376393	1422	1433	effectively	T080	C1704419
28376393	1434	1443	destroyed	T052	C1948029
28376393	1450	1458	tertiary	T197	C0597565
28376393	1463	1479	quaternary amine	T109	C0578399
28376393	1480	1490	structures	T082	C0678594
28376393	1511	1515	NDMA	T109,T131	C0012431
28376393	1519	1526	treated	T169	C1522326
28376393	1527	1537	wastewater	T069	C3494254
28376393	1538	1545	samples	T167	C0370003
28376393	1552	1568	bulk amine assay	T059	C1510438
28376393	1592	1604	measurements	T169	C0242485
28376393	1608	1616	tertiary	T197	C0597565
28376393	1621	1638	quaternary amines	T109	C0578399
28376393	1660	1664	NDMA	T109,T131	C0012431
28376393	1665	1674	formation	T169	C1522492
28376393	1675	1684	potential	T080	C3245505
28376393	1696	1702	sample	T167	C0370003
28376393	1732	1738	useful	T080	C3827682
28376393	1744	1758	characterizing	T052	C1880022
28376393	1759	1763	tool	T169	C0449851
28376393	1768	1772	NDMA	T109,T131	C0012431
28376393	1773	1783	precursors	T078	C1709634
28376393	1787	1797	wastewater	T069	C3494254

28377051|t|Chlamydia pneumoniae infection promotes vascular endothelial cell angiogenesis through an IQGAP1 -related signaling pathway
28377051|a|Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) infection plays a potential role in angiogenesis. However, it is still an enigma how C. pneumoniae is involved in this process. Therefore, we investigated the effect of C. pneumoniae infection on angiogenesis, and then explored the roles of IQGAP1 -related signaling in C. pneumoniae infection - induced angiogenesis. C. pneumoniae infection significantly enhanced angiogenesis as assessed by the tube formation assay possibly by inducing vascular endothelial cell (VEC) migration in the wound healing and Transwell migration assays. Subsequently, immunoprecipitation, Western blot and tube formation assay results showed that the phosphorylation of both IQGAP1 and N-WASP was required for the angiogenesis induced by C. pneumoniae infection. Our co-immunoprecipitation study revealed that IQGAP1 physically associated with N-WASP after C. pneumoniae infection of VECs. Actin polymerization assay further showed that in C. pneumoniae - infected VECs, both IQGAP1 and N-WASP were recruited to filamentous actin, and shared some common compartments localized at the leading edge of lamellipodia, which was impaired after the depletion of IQGAP1 by using the small interference RNA. Moreover, the knockdown of IQGAP1 also significantly decreased N-WASP phosphorylation at Tyr256 induced by C. pneumoniae infection. We conclude that C. pneumoniae infection promotes VEC migration and angiogenesis presumably through the IQGAP1 -related signaling pathway.
28377051	0	20	Chlamydia pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	21	30	infection	T046	C3714514
28377051	31	39	promotes	T052	C0033414
28377051	40	65	vascular endothelial cell	T025	C1257792
28377051	66	78	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28377051	90	96	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C0529338
28377051	106	123	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28377051	124	144	Chlamydia pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	146	159	C. pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	161	170	infection	T046	C3714514
28377051	179	193	potential role	T077	C1705810
28377051	197	209	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28377051	246	259	C. pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	263	271	involved	T169	C1314939
28377051	280	287	process	T067	C1522240
28377051	303	315	investigated	T169	C1292732
28377051	320	326	effect	T080	C1280500
28377051	330	343	C. pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	344	353	infection	T046	C3714514
28377051	357	369	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28377051	393	398	roles	T077	C1705810
28377051	402	408	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C0529338
28377051	418	427	signaling	T044	C0037080
28377051	431	444	C. pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	445	454	infection	T046	C3714514
28377051	457	464	induced	T169	C0205263
28377051	465	477	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28377051	479	492	C. pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	493	502	infection	T046	C3714514
28377051	503	525	significantly enhanced	T052	C2349975
28377051	526	538	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28377051	542	550	assessed	T052	C1516048
28377051	558	578	tube formation assay	T059	C1510438
28377051	579	587	possibly	T033	C0332149
28377051	591	599	inducing	T169	C0205263
28377051	600	625	vascular endothelial cell	T025	C1257792
28377051	627	630	VEC	T025	C1257792
28377051	632	641	migration	T052	C0013975
28377051	649	662	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28377051	667	693	Transwell migration assays	T059	C1510438
28377051	695	707	Subsequently	T079	C0332282
28377051	709	728	immunoprecipitation	T059	C0021069
28377051	730	742	Western blot	T059	C0949466
28377051	747	767	tube formation assay	T059	C1510438
28377051	768	775	results	T034	C1254595
28377051	792	807	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28377051	816	822	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C0529338
28377051	827	833	N-WASP	T116,T123	C0531254
28377051	838	846	required	T169	C1514873
28377051	855	867	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28377051	868	875	induced	T169	C0205263
28377051	879	892	C. pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	893	902	infection	T046	C3714514
28377051	908	930	co-immunoprecipitation	T059	C1449705
28377051	931	936	study	T059	C0681827
28377051	937	945	revealed	T080	C0443289
28377051	951	957	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C0529338
28377051	969	984	associated with	T080	C0332281
28377051	985	991	N-WASP	T116,T123	C0531254
28377051	998	1011	C. pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	1012	1021	infection	T046	C3714514
28377051	1025	1029	VECs	T025	C1257792
28377051	1031	1051	Actin polymerization	T043	C1155982
28377051	1052	1057	assay	T059	C1510438
28377051	1081	1094	C. pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	1097	1105	infected	T033	C0439663
28377051	1106	1110	VECs	T025	C1257792
28377051	1117	1123	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C0529338
28377051	1128	1134	N-WASP	T116,T123	C0531254
28377051	1153	1170	filamentous actin	T116,T123	C1180307
28377051	1188	1194	common	T081	C0205214
28377051	1208	1217	localized	T082	C0392752
28377051	1225	1237	leading edge	T026	C1621433
28377051	1241	1253	lamellipodia	T026	C0230628
28377051	1265	1273	impaired	T169	C0221099
28377051	1284	1293	depletion	T169	C0333668
28377051	1297	1303	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C0529338
28377051	1317	1339	small interference RNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28377051	1355	1364	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28377051	1368	1374	IQGAP1	T028	C1416471
28377051	1380	1403	significantly decreased	T081	C0205216
28377051	1404	1410	N-WASP	T116,T123	C0531254
28377051	1411	1426	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28377051	1430	1436	Tyr256	T116,T121,T123	C0041485
28377051	1437	1444	induced	T169	C0205263
28377051	1448	1461	C. pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	1462	1471	infection	T046	C3714514
28377051	1476	1484	conclude	T078	C1707478
28377051	1490	1503	C. pneumoniae	T007	C0085504
28377051	1504	1513	infection	T046	C3714514
28377051	1514	1522	promotes	T052	C0033414
28377051	1523	1526	VEC	T025	C1257792
28377051	1527	1536	migration	T052	C0013975
28377051	1541	1553	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28377051	1577	1583	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C0529338
28377051	1593	1610	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080

28377193|t|Anthropogenic mercury emissions from 1980 to 2012 in China
28377193|a|China was considered the biggest contributor for airborne mercury in the world but the amount of mercury emission in effluents and solid wastes has not been documented. In this study, total national and regional mercury emission to the environment via exhaust gases, effluents and solid wastes were accounted with updated emission factors and the amount of goods produced and/or consumed. The national mercury emission in China increased from 448 to 2151 tons during the 1980-2012 period. Nearly all of the emissions were ended up as exhaust gases and solid wastes. The proportion of exhaust gases decreased with increasing share of solid wastes and effluents. Of all the anthropogenic sources, coal was the most important contributor in quantity, followed by mercury mining, gold smelting, nonferrous smelting, iron steel production, domestic wastes, and cement production, with accounting for more than 90% of the total emission. There was a big variation of regional cumulative mercury emission during 1980-2012 in China, with higher emissions occurred in eastern areas and lower values in the western and far northern regions. The biggest cumulative emission occurred in GZ (Guizhou), reaching 3974 t, while the smallest cumulative emission was lower than 10 t in XZ (Tibet). Correspondingly, mercury accumulation in soil were higher in regions with larger emissions in unit area. Therefore, it is urgent to reduce anthropogenic mercury emission and subsequent impact on ecological functions and human health.
28377193	0	13	Anthropogenic	T068	C2371698
28377193	14	21	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
28377193	22	31	emissions	T169	C0391871
28377193	53	58	China	T083	C0008115
28377193	59	64	China	T083	C0008115
28377193	108	116	airborne	T169	C3242389
28377193	117	124	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
28377193	132	137	world	T098	C2700280
28377193	156	163	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
28377193	164	172	emission	T169	C0391871
28377193	176	185	effluents	T170	C1546612
28377193	190	202	solid wastes	T167	C1550151
28377193	216	226	documented	T058	C1301725
28377193	236	241	study	T062	C2603343
28377193	249	257	national	T092	C1555720
28377193	262	270	regional	T082	C0205147
28377193	271	278	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
28377193	279	287	emission	T169	C0391871
28377193	295	306	environment	T082	C0014406
28377193	311	318	exhaust	T131	C0178629
28377193	319	324	gases	T104	C0017110
28377193	326	335	effluents	T170	C1546612
28377193	340	352	solid wastes	T167	C1550151
28377193	381	389	emission	T169	C0391871
28377193	390	397	factors	T169	C1521761
28377193	416	421	goods	T073	C0038848
28377193	452	460	national	T092	C1555720
28377193	461	468	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
28377193	469	477	emission	T169	C0391871
28377193	481	486	China	T083	C0008115
28377193	540	546	period	T079	C1948053
28377193	566	575	emissions	T169	C0391871
28377193	593	600	exhaust	T131	C0178629
28377193	601	606	gases	T104	C0017110
28377193	611	623	solid wastes	T167	C1550151
28377193	643	650	exhaust	T131	C0178629
28377193	651	656	gases	T104	C0017110
28377193	692	704	solid wastes	T167	C1550151
28377193	709	718	effluents	T170	C1546612
28377193	731	744	anthropogenic	T068	C2371698
28377193	745	752	sources	T033	C0449416
28377193	754	758	coal	T109	C0009131
28377193	797	805	quantity	T081	C1265611
28377193	819	826	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
28377193	827	833	mining	T057	C0026175
28377193	835	839	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
28377193	840	848	smelting	T070	C0599882
28377193	850	869	nonferrous smelting	T070	C0599882
28377193	882	892	production	T057	C0033268
28377193	894	902	domestic	T080	C1880391
28377193	903	909	wastes	T167	C1550151
28377193	915	921	cement	T073	C0303744
28377193	922	932	production	T057	C0033268
28377193	981	989	emission	T169	C0391871
28377193	1020	1028	regional	T082	C0205147
28377193	1029	1039	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28377193	1040	1047	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
28377193	1048	1056	emission	T169	C0391871
28377193	1077	1082	China	T083	C0008115
28377193	1096	1105	emissions	T169	C0391871
28377193	1118	1125	eastern	T082	C1707877
28377193	1126	1131	areas	T083	C0017446
28377193	1142	1148	values	T080	C0042295
28377193	1156	1163	western	T082	C1705493
28377193	1172	1180	northern	T082	C1709269
28377193	1181	1188	regions	T083	C0017446
28377193	1202	1212	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28377193	1213	1221	emission	T169	C0391871
28377193	1238	1245	Guizhou	T083	C1514578
28377193	1284	1294	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28377193	1295	1303	emission	T169	C0391871
28377193	1331	1336	Tibet	T083	C0040182
28377193	1356	1363	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
28377193	1364	1376	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28377193	1380	1384	soil	T167	C0037592
28377193	1400	1407	regions	T083	C0017446
28377193	1420	1429	emissions	T169	C0391871
28377193	1433	1442	unit area	T081	C0439478
28377193	1478	1491	anthropogenic	T068	C2371698
28377193	1492	1499	mercury	T131,T196	C0025424
28377193	1500	1508	emission	T169	C0391871
28377193	1534	1544	ecological	T070	C0162358
28377193	1545	1554	functions	T169	C0542341
28377193	1559	1564	human	T016	C0086418
28377193	1565	1571	health	T078	C0018684

28377210|t|Similar patterns of neural activity predict memory function during encoding and retrieval
28377210|a|Neural networks that span the medial temporal lobe (MTL), prefrontal cortex, and posterior cortical regions are essential to episodic memory function in humans. Encoding and retrieval are supported by the engagement of both distinct neural pathways across the cortex and common structures within the medial temporal lobes. However, the degree to which memory performance can be determined by neural processing that is common to encoding and retrieval remains to be determined. To identify neural signatures of successful memory function, we administered a delayed free-recall task to 187 neurosurgical patients implanted with subdural or intraparenchymal depth electrodes. We developed multivariate classifiers to identify patterns of spectral power across the brain that independently predicted successful episodic encoding and retrieval. During encoding and retrieval, patterns of increased high frequency activity in prefrontal, MTL, and inferior parietal cortices, accompanied by widespread decreases in low frequency power across the brain predicted successful memory function. Using a cross-decoding approach, we demonstrate the ability to predict memory function across distinct phases of the free-recall task. Furthermore, we demonstrate that classifiers that combine information from both encoding and retrieval states can outperform task-independent models. These findings suggest that the engagement of a core memory network during either encoding or retrieval shapes the ability to remember the past, despite distinct neural interactions that facilitate encoding and retrieval.
28377210	8	16	patterns	T082	C0449774
28377210	20	35	neural activity	T042	C1254358
28377210	44	59	memory function	T041	C0025260
28377210	67	75	encoding	T041	C0679058
28377210	80	89	retrieval	T041	C0679061
28377210	90	105	Neural networks	T023	C0242406
28377210	111	115	span	T081	C2700613
28377210	120	140	medial temporal lobe	T023	C0039485
28377210	142	145	MTL	T023	C0039485
28377210	148	165	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
28377210	171	197	posterior cortical regions	T023	C4252868
28377210	215	239	episodic memory function	T041	C0561843
28377210	243	249	humans	T016	C0086418
28377210	251	259	Encoding	T041	C0679058
28377210	264	273	retrieval	T041	C0679061
28377210	323	338	neural pathways	T023	C0027792
28377210	350	356	cortex	T023	C0007776
28377210	368	378	structures	T082	C0678594
28377210	390	411	medial temporal lobes	T023	C0039485
28377210	442	460	memory performance	T041	C1285654
28377210	482	499	neural processing	T040	C0597043
28377210	518	526	encoding	T041	C0679058
28377210	531	540	retrieval	T041	C0679061
28377210	579	596	neural signatures	T169	C1704864
28377210	611	626	memory function	T041	C0025260
28377210	654	670	free-recall task	T057	C3540678
28377210	678	691	neurosurgical	T061	C0524850
28377210	692	700	patients	T101	C0030705
28377210	701	710	implanted	T061	C0021107
28377210	716	724	subdural	T030	C0038541
28377210	728	744	intraparenchymal	T023	C0933845
28377210	745	761	depth electrodes	T074	C0491577
28377210	776	800	multivariate classifiers	T170	C0282574
28377210	813	821	patterns	T082	C0449774
28377210	851	856	brain	T023	C0006104
28377210	897	914	episodic encoding	T041	C0679058
28377210	919	928	retrieval	T041	C0679061
28377210	937	945	encoding	T041	C0679058
28377210	950	959	retrieval	T041	C0679061
28377210	961	969	patterns	T082	C0449774
28377210	983	997	high frequency	T079	C0205212
28377210	998	1006	activity	T042	C1254358
28377210	1010	1020	prefrontal	T023	C0162783
28377210	1022	1025	MTL	T023	C0039485
28377210	1031	1057	inferior parietal cortices	T023	C0030560
28377210	1098	1111	low frequency	T079	C0205213
28377210	1129	1134	brain	T023	C0006104
28377210	1156	1171	memory function	T041	C0025260
28377210	1181	1204	cross-decoding approach	T081	C0026777
28377210	1244	1259	memory function	T041	C0025260
28377210	1290	1306	free-recall task	T057	C3540678
28377210	1341	1352	classifiers	T170	C0282574
28377210	1388	1396	encoding	T041	C0679058
28377210	1401	1417	retrieval states	T041	C0679061
28377210	1433	1456	task-independent models	T170	C3161035
28377210	1511	1525	memory network	T041	C0025260
28377210	1540	1548	encoding	T041	C0679058
28377210	1552	1561	retrieval	T041	C0679061
28377210	1562	1568	shapes	T082	C0332479
28377210	1573	1601	ability to remember the past	T033	C4303539
28377210	1620	1639	neural interactions	T042	C1254358
28377210	1656	1664	encoding	T041	C0679058
28377210	1669	1678	retrieval	T041	C0679061

28377331|t|Problem-based learning in laboratory medicine resident education: a satisfaction survey
28377331|a|Theoretical knowledge in biology and medicine plays a substantial role in laboratory medicine resident education. In this study, we assessed the contribution of problem-based learning (PBL) to improve the training of laboratory medicine residents during their internship in the department of virology, Strasbourg University Hospital, France. We compared the residents ' satisfaction regarding an educational program based on PBL and a program based on lectures and presentations. PBL induced a high level of satisfaction (100%) among residents compared to lectures and presentations (53%). The main advantages of this technique were to create a situational interest regarding virological problems, to boost the residents ' motivation and to help them identify the most relevant learning objectives in virology. However, it appears pertinent to educate the residents in appropriate bibliographic research techniques prior to PBL use and to monitor their learning by regular formative assessment sessions.
28377331	0	22	Problem-based learning	T065	C0243013
28377331	26	45	laboratory medicine	T091	C0039428
28377331	46	54	resident	UnknownType	C0259967
28377331	55	64	education	T065	C0013621
28377331	68	80	satisfaction	T033	C0031206
28377331	81	87	survey	T170	C0038951
28377331	88	99	Theoretical	T078	C0871935
28377331	100	109	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28377331	113	120	biology	T091	C0005532
28377331	125	133	medicine	T091	C0025118
28377331	162	181	laboratory medicine	T091	C0039428
28377331	182	190	resident	UnknownType	C0259967
28377331	191	200	education	T065	C0013621
28377331	233	245	contribution	T052	C1880177
28377331	249	271	problem-based learning	T065	C0243013
28377331	273	276	PBL	T065	C0243013
28377331	281	288	improve	T033	C0184511
28377331	293	301	training	T065	C0220931
28377331	305	324	laboratory medicine	T091	C0039428
28377331	325	334	residents	UnknownType	C0259967
28377331	348	358	internship	T065	C0021793
28377331	366	376	department	T092	C1704729
28377331	380	388	virology	T091	C0042762
28377331	390	420	Strasbourg University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28377331	422	428	France	T083	C0016674
28377331	433	441	compared	T052	C1707455
28377331	446	455	residents	UnknownType	C0259967
28377331	458	470	satisfaction	T033	C0031206
28377331	484	503	educational program	T065	C0150562
28377331	513	516	PBL	T065	C0243013
28377331	523	530	program	T065	C0150562
28377331	540	548	lectures	T170	C0376683
28377331	553	566	presentations	T078	C0449450
28377331	568	571	PBL	T065	C0243013
28377331	572	579	induced	T169	C0205263
28377331	582	586	high	T080	C0205250
28377331	587	592	level	T080	C0441889
28377331	596	608	satisfaction	T033	C0031206
28377331	622	631	residents	UnknownType	C0259967
28377331	632	640	compared	T052	C1707455
28377331	644	652	lectures	T170	C0376683
28377331	657	670	presentations	T078	C0449450
28377331	682	686	main	T080	C1542147
28377331	706	715	technique	T169	C0449851
28377331	724	730	create	T052	C1706214
28377331	733	753	situational interest	T041	C0543488
28377331	764	775	virological	T169	C0205466
28377331	776	784	problems	T078	C1546466
28377331	789	794	boost	T169	C1511253
28377331	799	808	residents	UnknownType	C0259967
28377331	811	821	motivation	T041	C0026605
28377331	852	856	most	T081	C0205393
28377331	857	865	relevant	T080	C2347946
28377331	866	885	learning objectives	T065	C0013652
28377331	889	897	virology	T091	C0042762
28377331	919	928	pertinent	T080	C2347946
28377331	932	939	educate	T065	C0039401
28377331	944	953	residents	UnknownType	C0259967
28377331	957	968	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28377331	969	982	bibliographic	T170	C1442774
28377331	983	1002	research techniques	T062	C0035177
28377331	1003	1008	prior	T079	C0332152
28377331	1012	1015	PBL	T065	C0243013
28377331	1041	1049	learning	T065	C0013621
28377331	1053	1060	regular	T080	C0205272
28377331	1061	1081	formative assessment	T065	C0085848
28377331	1082	1090	sessions	T051	C1883016

28377738|t|Four-Dimensional Graded Consciousness
28377738|a|Both the multidimensional phenomenon and the polysemous notion of consciousness continue to prove resistant to consistent measurement and unambiguous definition. This is hardly surprising, given that there is no agreement even as regards the most fundamental issues they involve. One of the basic disagreements present in the continuing debate about consciousness pertains to its gradational nature. The general aim of this article is to show how consciousness might be graded and multidimensional at the same time. We therefore focus on the question of what it is, exactly, that is or could be graded in cases of consciousness, and how we can measure it. Ultimately, four different gradable aspects of consciousness will be described: quality, abstractness, complexity and usefulness, which belong to four different dimensions, these being understood, respectively, as phenomenal, semantic, physiological, and functional. Consequently, consciousness may be said to vary with respect to phenomenal quality, semantic abstraction, physiological complexity, and functional usefulness. It is hoped that such a four-dimensional approach will help to clarify and justify claims about the hierarchical nature of consciousness. The approach also proves explanatorily advantageous, as it enables us not only to draw attention to certain new and important differences in respect of subjective measures of awareness and to justify how a given creature may be ranked higher in one dimension of consciousness and lower in terms of another, but also allows for innovative explanations of a variety of well-known phenomena (amongst these, the interpretations of blindsight and locked-in syndrome will be briefly outlined here). Moreover, a 4D framework makes possible many predictions and hypotheses that may be experimentally tested (We point out a few such possibilities pertaining to interdimensional dependencies).
28377738	0	16	Four-Dimensional	T082	C2347299
28377738	17	23	Graded	T185	C0441800
28377738	24	37	Consciousness	T041	C0234421
28377738	47	63	multidimensional	T082	C2347299
28377738	64	74	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28377738	83	100	polysemous notion	T080	C0205556
28377738	104	117	consciousness	T041	C0234421
28377738	136	145	resistant	T169	C0332325
28377738	149	159	consistent	T078	C0332290
28377738	160	171	measurement	T169	C0242485
28377738	176	198	unambiguous definition	T170	C1704788
28377738	247	259	no agreement	T033	C0243095
28377738	297	303	issues	T033	C0033213
28377738	335	348	disagreements	T054	C0012742
28377738	375	381	debate	T052	C0870392
28377738	388	401	consciousness	T041	C0234421
28377738	418	429	gradational	T185	C0441800
28377738	430	436	nature	T078	C0349590
28377738	462	469	article	T170	C1706852
28377738	485	498	consciousness	T041	C0234421
28377738	508	514	graded	T185	C0441800
28377738	519	535	multidimensional	T082	C2347299
28377738	548	552	time	T079	C0040223
28377738	580	588	question	T170	C1522634
28377738	633	639	graded	T185	C0441800
28377738	643	648	cases	T169	C0868928
28377738	652	665	consciousness	T041	C0234421
28377738	682	689	measure	T081	C0079809
28377738	721	729	gradable	T185	C0441800
28377738	730	737	aspects	T080	C1879746
28377738	741	754	consciousness	T041	C0234421
28377738	774	781	quality	T080	C0332306
28377738	783	795	abstractness	T170	C0679195
28377738	797	807	complexity	T041	C0237521
28377738	812	822	usefulness	T080	C3827682
28377738	855	865	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28377738	908	918	phenomenal	T080	C3898065
28377738	920	928	semantic	T078	C0036612
28377738	930	943	physiological	T169	C0205463
28377738	949	959	functional	T169	C0542341
28377738	975	988	consciousness	T041	C0234421
28377738	1025	1035	phenomenal	T080	C3898065
28377738	1036	1043	quality	T080	C0332306
28377738	1045	1053	semantic	T078	C0036612
28377738	1054	1065	abstraction	T170	C0679195
28377738	1067	1080	physiological	T169	C0205463
28377738	1081	1091	complexity	T041	C0237521
28377738	1097	1107	functional	T169	C0542341
28377738	1108	1118	usefulness	T080	C3827682
28377738	1144	1160	four-dimensional	T082	C2347299
28377738	1220	1239	hierarchical nature	T078	C0349590
28377738	1243	1256	consciousness	T041	C0234421
28377738	1262	1270	approach	T082	C0449445
28377738	1297	1309	advantageous	T080	C3898777
28377738	1345	1354	attention	T041	C0004268
28377738	1374	1383	important	T080	C3898777
28377738	1384	1395	differences	T080	C1705242
28377738	1410	1420	subjective	T080	C0205556
28377738	1421	1429	measures	T081	C0079809
28377738	1433	1442	awareness	T041	C0004448
28377738	1470	1478	creature	T008	C0003062
28377738	1486	1492	ranked	T170	C0699794
28377738	1493	1499	higher	T080	C0205250
28377738	1520	1533	consciousness	T041	C0234421
28377738	1585	1608	innovative explanations	T170	C0681841
28377738	1636	1645	phenomena	T067	C1882365
28377738	1666	1681	interpretations	T170	C0459471
28377738	1685	1695	blindsight	T080	C0205556
28377738	1700	1718	locked-in syndrome	T047	C0023944
28377738	1763	1765	4D	T082	C2347299
28377738	1796	1807	predictions	T078	C0681842
28377738	1812	1822	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
28377738	1835	1849	experimentally	T062	C0681814
28377738	1850	1856	tested	T169	C0039593
28377738	1910	1939	interdimensional dependencies	T169	C3244310

28378026|t|Considerations on the Relevance of Cerebral Fusiform Aneurysms Observed During HIV Infection
28378026|a|Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated ectatic cerebral vasculitis (HIV - AECV) is a rare form of vasculitis with diffuse fusiform aneurysms. Its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Although extensively described in children, it is still incompletely studied in adults. Our objective was to present five adult cases with emphasis on imaging findings and long-term evolution. From 2006 to 2014, we included 5 HIV - infected patients presenting with fusiform cerebral aneurysms. Vessels abnormalities were assessed with brain computed tomography (CT) angiography, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and/or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). All patients had MR assessment of the brain. Clinical and biological data were analyzed. Fusiform aneurysms of carotid terminations extending to middle and anterior cerebral arteries were bilateral in three patients and unilateral in one. More distal fusiform aneurysms were observed in four patients and saccular aneurysms in two patients, two patients suffered from ischemic lesions while none experienced hemorrhage. Unlike recent reviews, our study underlines the low hemorrhagic potential of HIV - AECV and long-term follow-up suggests a monophasic evolution under antiretroviral medication.
28378026	0	14	Considerations	T033	C0518609
28378026	22	31	Relevance	T080	C2347946
28378026	35	62	Cerebral Fusiform Aneurysms	T047	C0917996
28378026	79	92	HIV Infection	T047	C0019693
28378026	93	121	Human immunodeficiency virus	T005	C0019682
28378026	123	126	HIV	T005	C0019682
28378026	139	166	ectatic cerebral vasculitis	T047	C0238051
28378026	168	171	HIV	T005	C0019682
28378026	174	178	AECV	T047	C0238051
28378026	185	189	rare	T080	C0522498
28378026	190	194	form	T080	C0348078
28378026	198	208	vasculitis	T047	C0042384
28378026	214	221	diffuse	T082	C0205219
28378026	222	240	fusiform aneurysms	T190	C0333099
28378026	246	261	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28378026	298	309	extensively	T080	C0205231
28378026	323	331	children	T100	C0008059
28378026	345	357	incompletely	T080	C0205257
28378026	358	365	studied	T062	C2603343
28378026	369	375	adults	T100	C0001675
28378026	381	390	objective	T170	C0018017
28378026	411	416	adult	T100	C0001675
28378026	417	422	cases	T169	C0868928
28378026	440	456	imaging findings	T034	C1287399
28378026	461	470	long-term	T079	C0443252
28378026	471	480	evolution	T045	C0015219
28378026	515	518	HIV	T005	C0019682
28378026	521	529	infected	T033	C0439663
28378026	530	538	patients	T101	C0030705
28378026	555	582	fusiform cerebral aneurysms	T047	C0917996
28378026	584	605	Vessels abnormalities	T033	C0241657
28378026	611	619	assessed	T052	C1516048
28378026	625	630	brain	T023	C0006104
28378026	631	650	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28378026	652	654	CT	T060	C0040405
28378026	656	667	angiography	T060	C0002978
28378026	669	699	magnetic resonance angiography	T060	C0243032
28378026	701	704	MRA	T060	C0243032
28378026	713	744	digital subtraction angiography	T060	C0002979
28378026	746	749	DSA	T060	C0002979
28378026	756	764	patients	T101	C0030705
28378026	769	771	MR	T060	C0024485
28378026	772	782	assessment	T058	C0220825
28378026	790	795	brain	T023	C0006104
28378026	797	805	Clinical	T170	C1516606
28378026	810	820	biological	T080	C0205460
28378026	821	825	data	T078	C1511726
28378026	831	839	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28378026	841	859	Fusiform aneurysms	T190	C0333099
28378026	863	870	carotid	T023	C0741968
28378026	871	883	terminations	UnknownType	C0678671
28378026	897	903	middle	T023	C0149566
28378026	908	934	anterior cerebral arteries	T023	C0149561
28378026	940	949	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28378026	959	967	patients	T101	C0030705
28378026	972	982	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28378026	996	1002	distal	T082	C0205108
28378026	1003	1021	fusiform aneurysms	T190	C0333099
28378026	1044	1052	patients	T101	C0030705
28378026	1057	1075	saccular aneurysms	T047	C2713497
28378026	1083	1091	patients	T101	C0030705
28378026	1097	1105	patients	T101	C0030705
28378026	1120	1128	ischemic	T047	C0007786
28378026	1129	1136	lesions	T033	C0221198
28378026	1160	1170	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28378026	1186	1193	reviews	T170	C0282443
28378026	1199	1204	study	T062	C2603343
28378026	1220	1223	low	T080	C0205251
28378026	1224	1235	hemorrhagic	T046	C0019080
28378026	1236	1245	potential	T080	C3245505
28378026	1249	1252	HIV	T005	C0019682
28378026	1255	1259	AECV	T047	C0238051
28378026	1264	1273	long-term	T079	C0443252
28378026	1274	1283	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28378026	1284	1292	suggests	T078	C1705535
28378026	1295	1305	monophasic	T079	C0205186
28378026	1306	1315	evolution	T045	C0015219
28378026	1322	1347	antiretroviral medication	T061	C1963724

28378221|t|Bioresolution of racemic phenyl glycidyl ether by a putative recombinant epoxide hydrolase from Streptomyces griseus NBRC 13350
28378221|a|In order to produce enantiomerically pure epoxides for the synthesis of value-added chemicals, a novel putative epoxide hydrolase (EH) sgeh was cloned and overexpressed in pET28a / Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The 1047 bp sgeh gene was mined from Streptomyces griseus NBRC 13350 genome sequence. The recombinant hexahistidyl -tagged SGEH was purified (16.6-fold) by immobilized metal-affinity chromatography, with 90% yield as a homodimer of 100 kDa. The recombinant E. coli whole cells overexpressing SGEH could kinetically resolve racemic phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) into (R)-PGE with 98% ee, 40% yield, and enantiomeric ratio (E) of 20. This was achieved under the optimized reaction conditions i.e. cell / substrate ratio of 20:1 (w/w) at pH 7.5 and 20 °C in 10% (v/v) dimethylformamide (DMF) in a 10 h reaction. 99% enantiopure (R)-PGE was obtained when the reaction time was prolonged to 12 h with a yield of 34%. In conclusion, an economically viable and environment friendly green process for the production of enantiopure (R)-PGE was developed by using wet cells of E. coli expressing recombinant SGEH.
28378221	0	13	Bioresolution	T081	C1706463
28378221	17	24	racemic	T167	C3641126
28378221	25	46	phenyl glycidyl ether	T109,T131	C0070678
28378221	52	90	putative recombinant epoxide hydrolase	T116,T126	C0014628
28378221	96	127	Streptomyces griseus NBRC 13350	T007	C0038423
28378221	170	178	epoxides	T109	C0014630
28378221	187	196	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28378221	200	221	value-added chemicals	T103	C0220806
28378221	240	267	epoxide hydrolase (EH) sgeh	T028	C0017337
28378221	272	278	cloned	T062	C0009015
28378221	283	296	overexpressed	T045	C0017262
28378221	300	306	pET28a	T114	C0086022
28378221	309	335	Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)	T007	C0014834
28378221	349	358	sgeh gene	T028	C0017337
28378221	374	405	Streptomyces griseus NBRC 13350	T007	C0038423
28378221	406	421	genome sequence	T028	C0017428
28378221	427	451	recombinant hexahistidyl	T116	C0071590
28378221	460	464	SGEH	T116	C0034861
28378221	469	477	purified	T169	C1998793
28378221	493	534	immobilized metal-affinity chromatography	T059	C0008551
28378221	545	550	yield	T081	C0392762
28378221	556	565	homodimer	T104	C1254350
28378221	582	593	recombinant	T001	C1514798
28378221	594	601	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28378221	614	628	overexpressing	T045	C1514559
28378221	629	633	SGEH	T116	C0034861
28378221	660	667	racemic	T167	C3641126
28378221	668	689	phenyl glycidyl ether	T109,T131	C0070678
28378221	691	694	PGE	T109,T131	C0070678
28378221	701	708	(R)-PGE	T109,T131	C0070678
28378221	726	731	yield	T081	C0392762
28378221	737	755	enantiomeric ratio	T081	C0456603
28378221	757	758	E	T081	C0456603
28378221	830	834	cell	T025	C0007634
28378221	837	846	substrate	T167	C3891814
28378221	870	872	pH	T081	C0020283
28378221	900	917	dimethylformamide	T109,T130	C0012426
28378221	919	922	DMF	T109,T130	C0012426
28378221	934	942	reaction	T067	C0596319
28378221	948	967	enantiopure (R)-PGE	T109,T131	C0070678
28378221	990	1003	reaction time	T079	C0034746
28378221	1008	1017	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28378221	1033	1038	yield	T081	C0392762
28378221	1116	1123	process	T067	C1522240
28378221	1132	1142	production	T052	C1883254
28378221	1146	1165	enantiopure (R)-PGE	T109,T131	C0070678
28378221	1189	1198	wet cells	T025	C0007634
28378221	1202	1209	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28378221	1210	1220	expressing	T045	C1171362
28378221	1221	1237	recombinant SGEH	T116	C0034861

28378668|t|Trump's got the right idea
28378668|a|I am a US nursing student and feel that Obamacare is a bad idea. I'm disappointed that President Trump was not able to get rid of it last month.
28378668	0	7	Trump's	T016	C0086418
28378668	16	26	right idea	T078	C1254370
28378668	34	36	US	T083	C0041703
28378668	37	52	nursing student	T097	C0038496
28378668	57	61	feel	T041	C0013987
28378668	67	76	Obamacare	T089	C2936611
28378668	82	90	bad idea	T078	C1254370
28378668	96	108	disappointed	T041	C0870427
28378668	114	123	President	T090	C1527114
28378668	124	129	Trump	T016	C0086418
28378668	134	156	not able to get rid of	T033	C0243095
28378668	160	170	last month	T079	C0439231

28379026|t|Bilirubin and atherosclerotic diseases
28379026|a|Bilirubin is the final product of heme catabolism in the systemic circulation. For decades, increased serum / plasma bilirubin levels were considered an ominous sign of an underlying liver disease. However, data from recent years convincingly suggest that mildly elevated bilirubin concentrations are associated with protection against various oxidative stress -mediated diseases, atherosclerotic conditions being the most clinically relevant. Although scarce data on beneficial effects of bilirubin had been published also in the past, it took until 1994 when the first clinical study demonstrated an increased risk of coronary heart disease in subjects with low serum bilirubin levels, and bilirubin was found to be a risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases independent of standard risk factors. Consistent with these results, we proved in our own studies, that subjects with mild elevation of serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin (benign hyperbilirubinemia, Gilbert syndrome) have much lower prevalence / incidence of coronary heart as well as peripheral vascular disease. We have also demonstrated that this association is even more general, with serum bilirubin being a biomarker of numerous other diseases, often associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. In addition, very recent data have demonstrated biological pathways modulated by bilirubin, which are responsible for observed strong clinical associations.
28379026	0	9	Bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28379026	14	29	atherosclerotic	T047	C0004153
28379026	30	38	diseases	T047	C0012634
28379026	39	48	Bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28379026	62	69	product	T071	C1514468
28379026	73	88	heme catabolism	T044	C1157876
28379026	96	116	systemic circulation	UnknownType	C0678860
28379026	122	129	decades	T081	C2981279
28379026	131	140	increased	T081	C0205217
28379026	141	146	serum	T031	C0229671
28379026	149	155	plasma	T031	C0032105
28379026	156	165	bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28379026	166	172	levels	T080	C0441889
28379026	200	204	sign	T033	C0311392
28379026	222	235	liver disease	T047	C0023895
28379026	246	250	data	T078	C1511726
28379026	263	268	years	T079	C0439234
28379026	302	310	elevated	T080	C3163633
28379026	311	320	bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28379026	321	335	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28379026	340	350	associated	T080	C0439849
28379026	356	366	protection	T033	C1545588
28379026	383	399	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28379026	410	418	diseases	T047	C0012634
28379026	410	418	diseases	T047	C0012634
28379026	420	435	atherosclerotic	T047	C0004153
28379026	462	472	clinically	T080	C0205210
28379026	473	481	relevant	T080	C2347946
28379026	499	503	data	T078	C1511726
28379026	507	517	beneficial	T081	C0086387
28379026	518	525	effects	T080	C1280500
28379026	529	538	bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28379026	548	557	published	T057	C0034037
28379026	610	624	clinical study	T062	C0008972
28379026	641	650	increased	T081	C0205217
28379026	651	655	risk	T078	C0035647
28379026	659	681	coronary heart disease	T047	C0010068
28379026	699	702	low	T080	C0205251
28379026	703	708	serum	T031	C0229671
28379026	709	718	bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28379026	719	725	levels	T080	C0441889
28379026	731	740	bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28379026	759	770	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28379026	775	790	atherosclerotic	T047	C0004153
28379026	791	799	diseases	T047	C0012634
28379026	824	836	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28379026	860	867	results	T169	C1274040
28379026	890	897	studies	T062	C2603343
28379026	918	974	mild elevation of serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin	UnknownType	C0241024
28379026	976	982	benign	T080	C0205183
28379026	983	1001	hyperbilirubinemia	T047	C0020433
28379026	1003	1019	Gilbert syndrome	T047	C0017551
28379026	1037	1047	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28379026	1050	1059	incidence	T081	C0021149
28379026	1063	1077	coronary heart	T047	C0010068
28379026	1089	1116	peripheral vascular disease	T047	C0085096
28379026	1154	1165	association	T080	C0439849
28379026	1193	1198	serum	T031	C0229671
28379026	1199	1208	bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28379026	1217	1226	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28379026	1245	1253	diseases	T047	C0012634
28379026	1245	1253	diseases	T047	C0012634
28379026	1261	1271	associated	T080	C0439849
28379026	1277	1286	increased	T081	C0205217
28379026	1287	1291	risk	T078	C0035647
28379026	1295	1310	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28379026	1337	1341	data	T078	C1511726
28379026	1360	1379	biological pathways	T044	C1704259
28379026	1393	1402	bilirubin	T109,T123	C0005437
28379026	1446	1454	clinical	T080	C0205210
28379026	1455	1467	associations	T080	C0439849

28379194|t|Characteristics of N-Acylhomoserine Lactones Produced by Hafnia alvei H4 Isolated from Spoiled Instant Sea Cucumber
28379194|a|This study aimed to identify N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) produced by Hafnia alvei H4, which was isolated from spoiled instant sea cucumber, and to investigate the effect of AHLs on biofilm formation. Two biosensor strains, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens KYC55, were used to detect the quorum sensing (QS) activity of H. alvei H4 and to confirm the existence of AHL -mediated QS system. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high resolution triple quadrupole liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analysis of the AHLs extracted from the culture supernatant of H. alvei H4 revealed the existence of at least three AHL s: N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C8-HSL), and N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL). This is the first report of the production of C4-HSL by H. alvei. In order to determine the relationship between the production of AHL by H. alvei H4 and bacterial growth, the β-galactosidase assay was employed to monitor AHL activity during a 48-h growth phase. AHLs production reached a maximum level of 134.6 Miller unites at late log phase (after 18 h) and then decreased to a stable level of about 100 Miller unites. AHL production and bacterial growth displayed a similar trend, suggesting that growth of H. alvei H4 might be regulated by QS. The effect of AHLs on biofilm formation of H. alvei H4 was investigated by adding exogenous AHLs (C4-HSL, C6-HSL and 3-oxo-C8-HSL) to H. alvei H4 culture. Biofilm formation was significantly promoted (p < 0.05) by 5 and 10 µM C6-HSL, inhibited (p < 0.05) by C4-HSL (5 and 10 µM) and 5 µM 3-oxo-C8-HSL, suggesting that QS may have a regulatory role in the biofilm formation of H. alvei H4.
28379194	0	15	Characteristics	T080	C1521970
28379194	19	44	N-Acylhomoserine Lactones	T109	C1313745
28379194	57	72	Hafnia alvei H4	T007	C0315259
28379194	73	81	Isolated	T169	C0205409
28379194	103	115	Sea Cucumber	T204	C0036485
28379194	121	126	study	T062	C2603343
28379194	145	169	N-acylhomoserine lactone	T109	C1313745
28379194	171	174	AHL	T109	C1313745
28379194	188	203	Hafnia alvei H4	T007	C0315259
28379194	215	223	isolated	T169	C0205409
28379194	245	257	sea cucumber	T204	C0036485
28379194	292	296	AHLs	T109	C1313745
28379194	300	317	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28379194	323	340	biosensor strains	T007	C0004611
28379194	342	373	Chromobacterium violaceum CV026	T007	C0315057
28379194	378	409	Agrobacterium tumefaciens KYC55	T007	C0085472
28379194	435	449	quorum sensing	T043	C1154599
28379194	451	453	QS	T043	C1154599
28379194	467	478	H. alvei H4	T007	C0315259
28379194	511	514	AHL	T109	C1313745
28379194	525	534	QS system	T043	C1154599
28379194	536	561	Thin layer chromatography	T059	C0008569
28379194	563	566	TLC	T059	C0008569
28379194	572	645	high resolution triple quadrupole liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry	T059	C3641325
28379194	647	652	LC/MS	T059	C3641325
28379194	654	662	analysis	T062	C0936012
28379194	670	674	AHLs	T109	C1313745
28379194	694	701	culture	T059	C0430400
28379194	717	728	H. alvei H4	T007	C0315259
28379194	770	773	AHL	T109	C1313745
28379194	777	808	N-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone	T109,T123	C0536858
28379194	810	816	C6-HSL	T109,T123	C0536858
28379194	819	858	N-(3-oxo-octanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone	T116,T121	C0379888
28379194	860	872	3-oxo-C8-HSL	T116,T121	C0379888
28379194	879	909	N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone	T109	C0536860
28379194	911	917	C4-HSL	T109	C0536860
28379194	952	962	production	T038	C3714634
28379194	966	972	C4-HSL	T109	C0536860
28379194	976	984	H. alvei	T007	C0315259
28379194	1037	1047	production	T038	C3714634
28379194	1051	1054	AHL	T109	C1313745
28379194	1058	1069	H. alvei H4	T007	C0315259
28379194	1074	1090	bacterial growth	T034	C0427944
28379194	1096	1111	β-galactosidase	T116,T121,T126	C0005220
28379194	1112	1117	assay	T059	C0005507
28379194	1142	1145	AHL	T109	C1313745
28379194	1183	1187	AHLs	T109	C1313745
28379194	1188	1198	production	T038	C3714634
28379194	1342	1345	AHL	T109	C1313745
28379194	1346	1356	production	T038	C3714634
28379194	1361	1377	bacterial growth	T034	C0427944
28379194	1421	1427	growth	T034	C0427944
28379194	1431	1442	H. alvei H4	T007	C0315259
28379194	1465	1467	QS	T043	C1154599
28379194	1483	1487	AHLs	T109	C1313745
28379194	1491	1508	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28379194	1512	1523	H. alvei H4	T007	C0315259
28379194	1551	1560	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28379194	1561	1565	AHLs	T109	C1313745
28379194	1567	1573	C4-HSL	T109	C0536860
28379194	1575	1581	C6-HSL	T109,T123	C0536858
28379194	1586	1598	3-oxo-C8-HSL	T116,T121	C0379888
28379194	1603	1614	H. alvei H4	T007	C0315259
28379194	1624	1641	Biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28379194	1695	1701	C6-HSL	T109,T123	C0536858
28379194	1727	1733	C4-HSL	T109	C0536860
28379194	1757	1769	3-oxo-C8-HSL	T116,T121	C0379888
28379194	1787	1789	QS	T043	C1154599
28379194	1824	1841	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28379194	1845	1856	H. alvei H4	T007	C0315259

28379326|t|An Automated, Pharmacist -Driven Initiative Improves Quality of Care for Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia
28379326|a|Infectious diseases (ID) consultation and antimicrobial stewardship intervention have been shown to improve the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). As the workload of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) continues to increase, ASPs must find a way to maximize the efficiency of the program while optimizing patient outcomes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of incorporating health informatics into the management of SAB via a pharmacist -driven initiative. Retrospective, single-center quasi-experimental study of hospitalized patients with SAB. During the intervention period, pharmacists were alerted to patients with SAB via a patient scoring tool integrated into the electronic medical record. Pharmacists utilized the scoring tool and the institution's evidence-based practice guideline to make standardized recommendations to promote adherence to SAB quality-of-care measures and encourage ID consultation. The primary outcome was overall compliance along with adherence to individual quality-of-care components. Secondary clinical outcomes were also analyzed. 84 patients were identified for study inclusion, 45 in the pre- intervention and 39 in the intervention group. As a whole, all four quality-of-care components for the management of SAB were significantly more frequently adhered to in the intervention group (68.9% vs. 92.3%; P=0.008). The incidence of ID consult improved significantly by almost 20% in the intervention group (75.6% vs. 94.9%, P=0.015). No statistically significant differences in duration of bacteremia, length-of-stay, infection -related length-of-stay, or readmission were observed between the groups. The incidence of all-cause mortality was 6-fold higher in the pre- intervention group compared to the intervention group (15.6% vs. 2.6%, P=0.063). An automated, pharmacist -driven intervention for the management of patients with SAB demonstrated a significant improvement in patients receiving an ID consult, targeted antimicrobial therapy, and adherence to all SAB quality-of-care measures. As antimicrobial stewardship becomes a mandatory aspect of healthcare in all hospitals in the U.S., ASPs will be forced to find ways to provide more efficient, impactful, disease state-based patient care. Our study provides the framework for and data to support this intervention in one of the most clinically important infectious diseases.
28379326	3	12	Automated	T169	C0205554
28379326	14	24	Pharmacist	T097	C0031323
28379326	33	43	Initiative	T041	C0424093
28379326	44	52	Improves	T033	C0184511
28379326	53	68	Quality of Care	T058	C0034379
28379326	73	105	Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia	T047	C1142423
28379326	106	125	Infectious diseases	T047	C0009450
28379326	127	129	ID	T047	C0009450
28379326	131	143	consultation	T058	C0009818
28379326	148	186	antimicrobial stewardship intervention	T058	C0086388
28379326	206	213	improve	T033	C0184511
28379326	218	228	management	T058	C0376636
28379326	232	264	Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia	T047	C1142423
28379326	266	269	SAB	T047	C1142423
28379326	279	287	workload	T081	C0085122
28379326	291	325	antimicrobial stewardship programs	T058	C0086388
28379326	327	331	ASPs	T058	C0086388
28379326	356	360	ASPs	T058	C0086388
28379326	393	418	efficiency of the program	T078	C0033335
28379326	436	443	patient	T101	C0030705
28379326	444	452	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28379326	476	481	study	T062	C2603343
28379326	489	497	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28379326	502	508	impact	T080	C4049986
28379326	526	544	health informatics	T091	C0008960
28379326	554	564	management	T058	C0376636
28379326	568	571	SAB	T047	C1142423
28379326	578	588	pharmacist	T097	C0031323
28379326	597	607	initiative	T041	C0424093
28379326	609	622	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
28379326	638	656	quasi-experimental	T062	C1510570
28379326	657	662	study	T062	C2603343
28379326	666	687	hospitalized patients	T101	C0030705
28379326	693	696	SAB	T047	C1142423
28379326	709	721	intervention	T061	C0184661
28379326	722	728	period	T079	C1948053
28379326	730	741	pharmacists	T097	C0031323
28379326	758	766	patients	T101	C0030705
28379326	772	775	SAB	T047	C1142423
28379326	782	789	patient	T101	C0030705
28379326	790	802	scoring tool	T074	C0025080
28379326	823	848	electronic medical record	T170	C2362543
28379326	850	861	Pharmacists	T097	C0031323
28379326	875	887	scoring tool	T074	C0025080
28379326	896	909	institution's	T093	C2607850
28379326	910	933	evidence-based practice	T169	C1510541
28379326	934	943	guideline	T170	C0162791
28379326	952	980	standardized recommendations	T078	C0034866
28379326	992	1001	adherence	T169	C1510802
28379326	1005	1008	SAB	T047	C1142423
28379326	1009	1024	quality-of-care	T058	C0034379
28379326	1025	1033	measures	T081	C0079809
28379326	1048	1050	ID	T047	C0009450
28379326	1051	1063	consultation	T058	C0009818
28379326	1069	1076	primary	T080	C0205225
28379326	1077	1084	outcome	T169	C1274040
28379326	1097	1107	compliance	T033	C3714738
28379326	1119	1128	adherence	T169	C1510802
28379326	1132	1142	individual	T098	C0237401
28379326	1143	1158	quality-of-care	T058	C0034379
28379326	1159	1169	components	T077	C1705248
28379326	1171	1180	Secondary	T080	C0175668
28379326	1190	1198	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28379326	1209	1217	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28379326	1222	1230	patients	T101	C0030705
28379326	1251	1256	study	T062	C2603343
28379326	1257	1266	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28379326	1283	1295	intervention	T061	C0184661
28379326	1310	1322	intervention	T061	C0184661
28379326	1323	1328	group	T078	C0441833
28379326	1351	1366	quality-of-care	T058	C0034379
28379326	1367	1377	components	T077	C1705248
28379326	1386	1396	management	T058	C0376636
28379326	1400	1403	SAB	T047	C1142423
28379326	1409	1422	significantly	T078	C0750502
28379326	1457	1469	intervention	T061	C0184661
28379326	1470	1475	group	T078	C0441833
28379326	1508	1517	incidence	T081	C0021149
28379326	1521	1523	ID	T047	C0009450
28379326	1524	1531	consult	T058	C0009818
28379326	1532	1540	improved	T033	C0184511
28379326	1541	1554	significantly	T078	C0750502
28379326	1576	1588	intervention	T061	C0184661
28379326	1589	1594	group	T078	C0441833
28379326	1626	1651	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28379326	1652	1663	differences	T080	C1705242
28379326	1679	1689	bacteremia	T047	C0004610
28379326	1691	1705	length-of-stay	T079	C0023303
28379326	1707	1716	infection	T046	C3714514
28379326	1726	1740	length-of-stay	T079	C0023303
28379326	1745	1756	readmission	T058	C0030700
28379326	1783	1789	groups	T078	C0441833
28379326	1795	1804	incidence	T081	C0021149
28379326	1818	1827	mortality	T081	C0026565
28379326	1858	1870	intervention	T061	C0184661
28379326	1871	1876	group	T078	C0441833
28379326	1893	1905	intervention	T061	C0184661
28379326	1906	1911	group	T078	C0441833
28379326	1942	1951	automated	T169	C0205554
28379326	1953	1963	pharmacist	T097	C0031323
28379326	1972	1984	intervention	T061	C0184661
28379326	1993	2003	management	T058	C0376636
28379326	2007	2015	patients	T101	C0030705
28379326	2021	2024	SAB	T047	C1142423
28379326	2040	2051	significant	T078	C0750502
28379326	2052	2063	improvement	T077	C2986411
28379326	2067	2075	patients	T101	C0030705
28379326	2089	2091	ID	T047	C0009450
28379326	2092	2099	consult	T058	C0009818
28379326	2101	2109	targeted	T169	C1521840
28379326	2110	2131	antimicrobial therapy	T121	C0443071
28379326	2137	2146	adherence	T169	C1510802
28379326	2154	2157	SAB	T047	C1142423
28379326	2158	2173	quality-of-care	T058	C0034379
28379326	2174	2182	measures	T081	C0079809
28379326	2187	2212	antimicrobial stewardship	T058	C0086388
28379326	2223	2232	mandatory	T169	C1514873
28379326	2243	2253	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28379326	2261	2270	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28379326	2278	2282	U.S.	T083	C0041703
28379326	2284	2288	ASPs	T058	C0086388
28379326	2297	2303	forced	T169	C0443221
28379326	2307	2311	find	T033	C0243095
28379326	2333	2342	efficient	T080	C0442799
28379326	2344	2353	impactful	T080	C4049986
28379326	2355	2362	disease	T047	C0012634
28379326	2375	2387	patient care	T058	C0017313
28379326	2393	2398	study	T062	C2603343
28379326	2430	2434	data	T078	C1511726
28379326	2451	2463	intervention	T061	C0184661
28379326	2483	2503	clinically important	T080	C0443178
28379326	2504	2523	infectious diseases	T047	C0009450

28380044|t|Mechanics, thermodynamics, and kinetics of ligand binding to biopolymers
28380044|a|Ligands binding to polymers regulate polymer functions by changing their physical and chemical properties. This ligand regulation plays a key role in many biological processes. We propose here a model to explain the mechanical, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties of the process of binding of small ligands to long biopolymers. These properties can now be measured at the single molecule level using force spectroscopy techniques. Our model performs an effective decomposition of the ligand-polymer system on its covered and uncovered regions, showing that the elastic properties of the ligand - polymer depend explicitly on the ligand coverage of the polymer (i.e., the fraction of the polymer covered by the ligand). The equilibrium coverage that minimizes the free energy of the ligand-polymer system is computed as a function of the applied force. We show how ligands tune the mechanical properties of a polymer, in particular its length and stiffness, in a force dependent manner. In addition, it is shown how ligand binding can be regulated applying mechanical tension on the polymer. Moreover, the binding kinetics study shows that, in the case where the ligand binds and organizes the polymer in different modes, the binding process can present transient shortening or lengthening of the polymer, caused by changes in the relative coverage by the different ligand modes. Our model will be useful to understand ligand-binding regulation of biological processes, such as the metabolism of nucleic acid. In particular, this model allows estimating the coverage fraction and the ligand mode characteristics from the force extension curves of a ligand-polymer system.
28380044	0	9	Mechanics	T070	C0376706
28380044	11	25	thermodynamics	T090	C0039808
28380044	31	39	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28380044	43	57	ligand binding	T044	C1517880
28380044	61	72	biopolymers	T116,T123	C0005554
28380044	73	88	Ligands binding	T044	C1517880
28380044	92	100	polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
28380044	110	117	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28380044	118	127	functions	T169	C0542341
28380044	146	154	physical	T201	C1998468
28380044	159	178	chemical properties	T070	C0243178
28380044	185	202	ligand regulation	T044	C3269583
28380044	228	248	biological processes	T038	C3714634
28380044	268	273	model	T170	C3161035
28380044	289	299	mechanical	T070	C0376706
28380044	301	314	thermodynamic	T090	C0039808
28380044	320	327	kinetic	T070	C0022702
28380044	328	338	properties	T080	C0871161
28380044	346	353	process	T067	C1522240
28380044	357	364	binding	T044	C1167622
28380044	374	381	ligands	T103	C0023688
28380044	390	401	biopolymers	T116,T123	C0005554
28380044	409	419	properties	T080	C0871161
28380044	431	439	measured	T080	C0444706
28380044	447	462	single molecule	T167	C0872367
28380044	463	468	level	T080	C0441889
28380044	475	504	force spectroscopy techniques	T059	C0037812
28380044	510	515	model	T170	C3161035
28380044	528	537	effective	T080	C1704419
28380044	538	551	decomposition	T169	C0243125
28380044	559	580	ligand-polymer system	T122	C0005479
28380044	588	595	covered	T169	C0439844
28380044	600	609	uncovered	T169	C0439845
28380044	636	643	elastic	T070	C0013764
28380044	644	654	properties	T080	C0871161
28380044	662	668	ligand	T103	C0023688
28380044	671	678	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28380044	704	710	ligand	T103	C0023688
28380044	711	719	coverage	T169	C1999244
28380044	727	734	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28380044	746	754	fraction	T081	C1264633
28380044	762	769	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28380044	770	777	covered	T169	C0439844
28380044	785	791	ligand	T103	C0023688
28380044	798	809	equilibrium	T081	C1547026
28380044	810	818	coverage	T169	C1999244
28380044	824	833	minimizes	T080	C0392756
28380044	838	849	free energy	T070	C0678591
28380044	857	878	ligand-polymer system	T122	C0005479
28380044	896	904	function	T169	C0542341
28380044	920	925	force	T067	C0441722
28380044	939	946	ligands	T103	C0023688
28380044	956	966	mechanical	T070	C0376706
28380044	967	977	properties	T080	C0871161
28380044	983	990	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28380044	1010	1016	length	T081	C1444754
28380044	1037	1042	force	T067	C0441722
28380044	1043	1052	dependent	T169	C3244310
28380044	1090	1104	ligand binding	T044	C1517880
28380044	1131	1149	mechanical tension	T067	C0563540
28380044	1157	1164	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28380044	1180	1196	binding kinetics	T070	C0022702
28380044	1237	1243	ligand	T103	C0023688
28380044	1244	1249	binds	T052	C1145667
28380044	1254	1263	organizes	T169	C1300196
28380044	1268	1275	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28380044	1289	1294	modes	T169	C1513371
28380044	1300	1307	binding	T044	C1167622
28380044	1308	1315	process	T067	C1522240
28380044	1338	1348	shortening	T080	C1282927
28380044	1352	1363	lengthening	T081	C1444754
28380044	1371	1378	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28380044	1414	1422	coverage	T169	C1999244
28380044	1440	1446	ligand	T103	C0023688
28380044	1447	1452	modes	T169	C1513371
28380044	1458	1463	model	T170	C3161035
28380044	1493	1518	ligand-binding regulation	T044	C3269583
28380044	1522	1542	biological processes	T038	C3714634
28380044	1556	1566	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28380044	1570	1582	nucleic acid	T114,T123	C0028606
28380044	1604	1609	model	T170	C3161035
28380044	1617	1627	estimating	T081	C0750572
28380044	1632	1640	coverage	T169	C1999244
28380044	1641	1649	fraction	T081	C1264633
28380044	1658	1664	ligand	T103	C0023688
28380044	1665	1669	mode	T169	C1513371
28380044	1670	1685	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28380044	1695	1700	force	T067	C0441722
28380044	1723	1744	ligand-polymer system	T122	C0005479

28380217|t|Synthesis of Some Unique Carbamate Derivatives bearing 2-Furoyl-1-piperazine as a Valuable Therapeutic Agents
28380217|a|The aim of the research work was to synthesize different biologically active carbamate derivatives bearing 2-furoyl-1-piperazine and having modest toxicity. The synthesis was completed as a multiple sequence. The structural confirmation of all the synthesized compounds was obtained by EI-MS, IR and 1H-NMR spectral data. The enzyme inhibition and antibacterial potential of the synthesized compounds was evaluated. To find the utility of the prepared compounds as possible therapeutic agents their cytotoxicity was also checked. All the compounds were active against acetylcholinesterase enzyme, especially 12 and 14 showed very good inhibitory potential relative to Eserine, a reference standard. Almost all the compounds showed good activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.
28380217	0	9	Synthesis	T052	C1883254
28380217	25	34	Carbamate	T109	C0006948
28380217	35	46	Derivatives	T104	C0002776
28380217	55	76	2-Furoyl-1-piperazine	T123	C0566267
28380217	91	109	Therapeutic Agents	T121	C1611640
28380217	114	117	aim	T078	C1947946
28380217	125	138	research work	T062	C0242481
28380217	167	186	biologically active	T123	C0566267
28380217	187	196	carbamate	T109	C0006948
28380217	197	208	derivatives	T104	C0002776
28380217	217	238	2-furoyl-1-piperazine	T123	C0566267
28380217	257	265	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28380217	271	280	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28380217	300	317	multiple sequence	T169	C1519249
28380217	323	333	structural	T082	C0678594
28380217	334	346	confirmation	T033	C0750484
28380217	396	401	EI-MS	T059	C4054904
28380217	403	405	IR	T059	C0037807
28380217	410	416	1H-NMR	T060	C3850001
28380217	436	453	enzyme inhibition	T039	C1524081
28380217	458	481	antibacterial potential	T033	C0243095
28380217	489	510	synthesized compounds	T123	C0566267
28380217	515	524	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28380217	562	571	compounds	T123	C0566267
28380217	584	602	therapeutic agents	T121	C1611640
28380217	609	621	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28380217	648	657	compounds	T123	C0566267
28380217	663	669	active	T169	C0205177
28380217	678	705	acetylcholinesterase enzyme	T116,T126	C0001044
28380217	718	720	12	T123	C0566267
28380217	725	727	14	T123	C0566267
28380217	740	744	good	T080	C0205170
28380217	745	765	inhibitory potential	T042	C0234122
28380217	778	785	Eserine	T109,T121	C1314787
28380217	789	807	reference standard	T081	C0034925
28380217	824	833	compounds	T123	C0566267
28380217	870	883	Gram-positive	T007	C0018154
28380217	888	919	Gram-negative bacterial strains	T007	C0018150

28380256|t|Investigation of the mycobacterial enzyme HsaD as a potential novel target for anti-tubercular agents using a fragment -based drug design approach
28380256|a|With the emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, there is a need for new anti-tubercular drugs that work through novel mechanisms of action. The meta cleavage product hydrolase, HsaD, has been demonstrated to be critical for the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and is encoded in an operon involved in cholesterol catabolism, which is identical in M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG. We generated a mutant strain of M. bovis BCG with a deletion of hsaD and tested its growth on cholesterol. Using a fragment based approach, over 1000 compounds were screened by a combination of differential scanning fluorimetry, NMR spectroscopy and enzymatic assay with pure recombinant HsaD to identify potential inhibitors. We used enzymological and structural studies to investigate derivatives of the inhibitors identified and to test their effects on growth of M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis. The hsaD deleted strain was unable to grow on cholesterol as sole carbon source but did grow on glucose. Of seven chemically distinct 'hits' from the library, two chemical classes of fragments were found to bind in the vicinity of the active site of HsaD by X-ray crystallography. The compounds also inhibited growth of M. tuberculosis on cholesterol. The most potent inhibitor of HsaD was also found to be the best inhibitor of mycobacterial growth on cholesterol -supplemented minimal medium. We propose that HsaD is a novel therapeutic target, which should be fully exploited in order to design and discover new anti-tubercular drugs.
28380256	0	13	Investigation	T058	C0220825
28380256	21	34	mycobacterial	T169	C0521015
28380256	35	41	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28380256	42	46	HsaD	T116,T126	C2352472
28380256	52	61	potential	T080	C3245505
28380256	68	74	target	T169	C1521840
28380256	79	101	anti-tubercular agents	T121	C0003448
28380256	110	118	fragment	T080	C1708096
28380256	126	137	drug design	T090	C0013171
28380256	138	146	approach	T082	C0449445
28380256	169	208	extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis	T047	C1827301
28380256	234	255	anti-tubercular drugs	T121	C0003448
28380256	280	300	mechanisms of action	T169	C1524059
28380256	306	337	meta cleavage product hydrolase	T116,T126	C0020289
28380256	339	343	HsaD	T116,T126	C2352472
28380256	373	381	critical	T080	C1511545
28380256	390	398	survival	T052	C0038952
28380256	402	428	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28380256	432	443	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28380256	451	458	encoded	T052	C2700640
28380256	465	471	operon	T028	C0029073
28380256	484	506	cholesterol catabolism	T044	C1156534
28380256	517	526	identical	T080	C0205280
28380256	530	545	M. tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28380256	550	562	M. bovis BCG	T007	C0085957
28380256	567	576	generated	T052	C3146294
28380256	579	585	mutant	T049	C0596988
28380256	586	592	strain	T001	C1518614
28380256	596	608	M. bovis BCG	T007	C0085957
28380256	616	624	deletion	T045	C1511760
28380256	628	632	hsaD	T028	C0017337
28380256	648	654	growth	T040	C0178747
28380256	658	669	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28380256	679	687	fragment	T080	C1708096
28380256	694	702	approach	T082	C0449445
28380256	714	723	compounds	T103	C1706082
28380256	729	737	screened	T059	C0373483
28380256	743	754	combination	T080	C0205195
28380256	758	791	differential scanning fluorimetry	T059	C0016352
28380256	793	809	NMR spectroscopy	T060	C0877853
28380256	814	829	enzymatic assay	T059	C2717977
28380256	840	851	recombinant	T001	C1514798
28380256	852	856	HsaD	T116,T126	C2352472
28380256	869	878	potential	T080	C3245505
28380256	879	889	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28380256	899	912	enzymological	T169	C0014445
28380256	917	935	structural studies	T062	C2603343
28380256	939	950	investigate	T058	C0220825
28380256	951	962	derivatives	T169	C1527240
28380256	970	980	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28380256	981	991	identified	T080	C0205396
28380256	1010	1017	effects	T080	C1280500
28380256	1021	1027	growth	T040	C0178747
28380256	1031	1043	M. bovis BCG	T007	C0085957
28380256	1048	1063	M. tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28380256	1069	1073	hsaD	T028	C0017337
28380256	1074	1081	deleted	T045	C1511760
28380256	1082	1088	strain	T001	C1518614
28380256	1093	1099	unable	T033	C1299582
28380256	1111	1122	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28380256	1131	1137	carbon	T196	C0007009
28380256	1138	1144	source	T033	C0449416
28380256	1161	1168	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28380256	1215	1222	library	T103	C1706082
28380256	1228	1244	chemical classes	T121	C1254351
28380256	1248	1257	fragments	T031	C0486805
28380256	1272	1276	bind	T052	C1145667
28380256	1300	1311	active site	T169	C0205681
28380256	1315	1319	HsaD	T116,T126	C2352472
28380256	1323	1344	X-ray crystallography	T059	C0206755
28380256	1350	1359	compounds	T103	C1706082
28380256	1365	1374	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28380256	1375	1381	growth	T040	C0178747
28380256	1385	1400	M. tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28380256	1404	1415	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28380256	1433	1442	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28380256	1446	1450	HsaD	T116,T126	C2352472
28380256	1494	1514	mycobacterial growth	T040	C0178747
28380256	1518	1529	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28380256	1544	1551	minimal	T080	C0547040
28380256	1552	1558	medium	T167	C1705217
28380256	1576	1580	HsaD	T116,T126	C2352472
28380256	1592	1603	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28380256	1604	1610	target	T169	C1521840
28380256	1656	1662	design	T052	C1707689
28380256	1667	1675	discover	T052	C1880355
28380256	1680	1701	anti-tubercular drugs	T121	C0003448

28380486|t|Neurokinin 3 Receptor Antagonism Reveals Roles for Neurokinin B in the Regulation of Gonadotropin Secretion and Hot Flashes in Postmenopausal Women
28380486|a|Neurokinin B (NKB) and kisspeptin are obligate for normal gonadotropin secretion, and links between GnRH pulsatility and vasomotor symptoms have been proposed. Using a selective NKB receptor (NK3R) antagonist, the role of NKB in the hypergonadotropic state in menopausal women was explored. Eleven postmenopausal women were administered the NK3R antagonist MLE4901, 40 mg twice daily orally for 7 days. 10- min blood sampling for 8 h was performed before and on the last day of NK3R antagonist treatment for LH pulsatility analysis with kisspeptin-10 (0.3 µg/kg iv bolus) administered at 6 h on both days. Hot flash frequency and severity were self-reported for 7 days before and during NK3R antagonist administration. LH fell from 29.3 ± 4.1 to 24.4 ± 3.8 IU/l (p < 0.05) after 7 days of NK3R antagonist, with no change in FSH. Basal (nonpulsatile) LH secretion was reduced (549.0 ± 70.8 vs. 366.1 ± 92.1 IU/L/6 h, p = 0.006) and while LH pulse frequency did not change in the group as a whole (0.8 ± 0.1 to 0.7 ± 0.1 pulses /h, ns), it did fall in the 8/11 women with hot flashes, (1.0 ± 0.1 to 0.7 ± 0.1 pulses /h, p < 0.05). These women also reported a reduction in hot flash frequency (3.4 ± 1.2 to 1.0 ± 0.6 hot flashes / day, p = 0.008) whist taking NK3R antagonist. Kisspeptin-10 did not affect LH secretion with or without NK3R antagonist. The administration of a NK3R antagonist indicates a role for NKB in the regulation of LH / GnRH in postmenopausal women whereas the lack of response to kisspeptin may reflect the hypoestrogenic state. These data support a link between LH / GnRH pulsatility and vasomotor symptoms and NK3R antagonism as a potential therapeutic approach.
28380486	0	21	Neurokinin 3 Receptor	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	22	32	Antagonism	T054	C0680242
28380486	51	63	Neurokinin B	T116,T123	C0027847
28380486	71	81	Regulation	T038	C1327622
28380486	85	107	Gonadotropin Secretion	T042	C1819179
28380486	112	123	Hot Flashes	T184	C0600142
28380486	127	141	Postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28380486	142	147	Women	T098	C0043210
28380486	148	160	Neurokinin B	T116,T123	C0027847
28380486	162	165	NKB	T116,T123	C0027847
28380486	171	181	kisspeptin	T116,T123	C3146273
28380486	206	228	gonadotropin secretion	T042	C1819179
28380486	234	239	links	T080	C0439849
28380486	248	252	GnRH	T116,T121,T125	C0023610
28380486	253	264	pulsatility	T080	C0577317
28380486	269	287	vasomotor symptoms	T184	C0750152
28380486	326	338	NKB receptor	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	340	344	NK3R	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	346	356	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28380486	370	373	NKB	T116,T123	C0027847
28380486	381	404	hypergonadotropic state	T169	C1442792
28380486	408	418	menopausal	T039	C0025320
28380486	419	424	women	T098	C0043210
28380486	446	460	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28380486	461	466	women	T098	C0043210
28380486	472	484	administered	T169	C1521801
28380486	489	493	NK3R	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	494	504	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28380486	505	512	MLE4901	T109,T121	C2975298
28380486	526	531	daily	T079	C0332173
28380486	532	538	orally	T082	C0442027
28380486	545	549	days	T079	C0439228
28380486	555	558	min	T079	C0439232
28380486	559	573	blood sampling	T060	C0190979
28380486	619	622	day	T079	C0439228
28380486	626	630	NK3R	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	631	641	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28380486	642	651	treatment	T169	C0039798
28380486	656	658	LH	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
28380486	659	670	pulsatility	T080	C0577317
28380486	671	679	analysis	T062	C0936012
28380486	685	698	kisspeptin-10	T116,T123	C1721258
28380486	710	718	iv bolus	T169	C1522229
28380486	720	732	administered	T169	C1521801
28380486	748	752	days	T079	C0439228
28380486	754	763	Hot flash	T184	C0600142
28380486	764	773	frequency	T080	C1561548
28380486	778	786	severity	T080	C0439793
28380486	812	816	days	T079	C0439228
28380486	835	839	NK3R	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	840	850	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28380486	851	865	administration	T061	C1533734
28380486	867	869	LH	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
28380486	929	933	days	T079	C0439228
28380486	937	941	NK3R	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	942	952	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28380486	972	975	FSH	T116,T121,T125	C0733758
28380486	977	982	Basal	T081	C1442488
28380486	984	996	nonpulsatile	T033	C0243095
28380486	998	1000	LH	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
28380486	1001	1010	secretion	T038	C0036536
28380486	1015	1022	reduced	T080	C0392756
28380486	1085	1087	LH	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
28380486	1088	1103	pulse frequency	T080	C1561548
28380486	1126	1131	group	T078	C0441833
28380486	1167	1173	pulses	T039	C0391850
28380486	1207	1212	women	T098	C0043210
28380486	1218	1229	hot flashes	T184	C0600142
28380486	1255	1261	pulses	T039	C0391850
28380486	1283	1288	women	T098	C0043210
28380486	1305	1314	reduction	T080	C0392756
28380486	1318	1327	hot flash	T184	C0600142
28380486	1328	1337	frequency	T080	C1561548
28380486	1362	1373	hot flashes	T184	C0600142
28380486	1376	1379	day	T079	C0439228
28380486	1405	1409	NK3R	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	1410	1420	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28380486	1422	1435	Kisspeptin-10	T116,T123	C1721258
28380486	1451	1453	LH	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
28380486	1454	1463	secretion	T038	C0036536
28380486	1480	1484	NK3R	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	1485	1495	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28380486	1501	1515	administration	T061	C1533734
28380486	1521	1525	NK3R	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	1526	1536	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28380486	1558	1561	NKB	T116,T123	C0027847
28380486	1569	1579	regulation	T038	C1327622
28380486	1583	1585	LH	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
28380486	1588	1592	GnRH	T116,T121,T125	C0023610
28380486	1596	1610	postmenopausal	T033	C0232970
28380486	1611	1616	women	T098	C0043210
28380486	1629	1645	lack of response	T033	C1320680
28380486	1649	1659	kisspeptin	T116,T123	C3146273
28380486	1676	1696	hypoestrogenic state	T033	C0243095
28380486	1704	1708	data	T078	C1511726
28380486	1719	1723	link	T080	C0439849
28380486	1732	1734	LH	T116,T121,T125	C0023607
28380486	1737	1741	GnRH	T116,T121,T125	C0023610
28380486	1742	1753	pulsatility	T080	C0577317
28380486	1758	1776	vasomotor symptoms	T184	C0750152
28380486	1781	1785	NK3R	T116,T192	C0068603
28380486	1786	1796	antagonism	T054	C0680242
28380486	1812	1832	therapeutic approach	T061	C0087111

28380662|t|Involvement of intracellular Zn(2+) signaling in LTP at perforant pathway - CA1 pyramidal cell synapse
28380662|a|Physiological significance of synaptic Zn(2+) signaling was examined at perforant pathway - CA1 pyramidal cell synapses. In vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) at perforant pathway - CA1 pyramidal cell synapses was induced using a recording electrode attached to a microdialysis probe and the recording region was locally perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) via the microdialysis probe. Perforant pathway LTP was not attenuated under perfusion with CaEDTA (10 mM), an extracellular Zn(2+) chelator, but attenuated under perfusion with ZnAF-2DA (50 μM), an intracellular Zn(2+) chelator, suggesting that intracellular Zn(2+) signaling is required for perforant pathway LTP. Even in rat brain slices bathed in CaEDTA in ACSF, intracellular Zn(2+) level, which was measured with intracellular ZnAF-2, was increased in the stratum lacunosum-moleculare where perforant pathway - CA1 pyramidal cell synapses were contained after tetanic stimulation. These results suggest that intracellular Zn(2+) signaling, which originates in internal stores/ proteins, is involved in LTP at perforant pathway - CA1 pyramidal cell synapses. Because the influx of extracellular Zn(2+), which originates in presynaptic Zn(2+) release, is involved in LTP at Schaffer collateral - CA1 pyramidal cell synapses, synapse -dependent Zn(2+) dynamics may be involved in plasticity of postsynaptic CA1 pyramidal cells.
28380662	15	28	intracellular	T026	C0175996
28380662	29	35	Zn(2+)	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28380662	36	45	signaling	T043	C4236609
28380662	49	52	LTP	T042	C0206249
28380662	56	73	perforant pathway	T023	C0524810
28380662	76	102	CA1 pyramidal cell synapse	T023	C2717851
28380662	103	116	Physiological	T169	C0205463
28380662	133	158	synaptic Zn(2+) signaling	T043	C4236609
28380662	175	192	perforant pathway	T023	C0524810
28380662	195	222	CA1 pyramidal cell synapses	T023	C2717851
28380662	224	231	In vivo	T082	C1515655
28380662	232	254	long-term potentiation	T042	C0206249
28380662	256	259	LTP	T042	C0206249
28380662	264	281	perforant pathway	T023	C0524810
28380662	284	311	CA1 pyramidal cell synapses	T023	C2717851
28380662	342	351	electrode	T074	C0013812
28380662	366	379	microdialysis	T058	C0206056
28380662	380	385	probe	T074	C0182400
28380662	423	431	perfused	T061	C0031001
28380662	437	467	artificial cerebrospinal fluid	T103	C0220806
28380662	469	473	ACSF	T103	C0220806
28380662	483	496	microdialysis	T058	C0206056
28380662	497	502	probe	T074	C0182400
28380662	504	521	Perforant pathway	T023	C0524810
28380662	522	525	LTP	T042	C0206249
28380662	551	560	perfusion	T061	C0031001
28380662	566	572	CaEDTA	T130	C0021212
28380662	585	598	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28380662	599	605	Zn(2+)	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28380662	637	646	perfusion	T061	C0031001
28380662	652	660	ZnAF-2DA	T130	C0021212
28380662	673	686	intracellular	T026	C0175996
28380662	687	693	Zn(2+)	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28380662	720	733	intracellular	T026	C0175996
28380662	734	740	Zn(2+)	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28380662	741	750	signaling	T043	C4236609
28380662	767	784	perforant pathway	T023	C0524810
28380662	785	788	LTP	T042	C0206249
28380662	798	814	rat brain slices	T023	C1882598
28380662	825	831	CaEDTA	T130	C0021212
28380662	835	839	ACSF	T103	C0220806
28380662	841	854	intracellular	T026	C0175996
28380662	855	861	Zn(2+)	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28380662	893	906	intracellular	T026	C0175996
28380662	907	913	ZnAF-2	T130	C0021212
28380662	936	964	stratum lacunosum-moleculare	T023	C3498968
28380662	971	988	perforant pathway	T023	C0524810
28380662	991	1018	CA1 pyramidal cell synapses	T023	C2717851
28380662	1040	1059	tetanic stimulation	T061	C1292856
28380662	1088	1101	intracellular	T026	C0175996
28380662	1102	1108	Zn(2+)	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28380662	1109	1118	signaling	T043	C4236609
28380662	1157	1165	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28380662	1182	1185	LTP	T042	C0206249
28380662	1189	1206	perforant pathway	T023	C0524810
28380662	1209	1236	CA1 pyramidal cell synapses	T023	C2717851
28380662	1250	1256	influx	T043	C0007613
28380662	1260	1273	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28380662	1274	1280	Zn(2+)	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28380662	1302	1328	presynaptic Zn(2+) release	T043	C0007613
28380662	1345	1348	LTP	T042	C0206249
28380662	1352	1371	Schaffer collateral	T026	C3544403
28380662	1374	1401	CA1 pyramidal cell synapses	T023	C2717851
28380662	1403	1410	synapse	T030	C0039062
28380662	1422	1428	Zn(2+)	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28380662	1457	1467	plasticity	T043	C4042875
28380662	1471	1483	postsynaptic	UnknownType	C0682686
28380662	1484	1503	CA1 pyramidal cells	T025	C0206441

28381295|t|Cytokine response to the RSV antigen delivered by dendritic cell -directed vaccination in congenic chicken lines
28381295|a|Systems of antigen delivery into antigen-presenting cells represent an important novel strategy in chicken vaccine development. In this study, we verified the ability of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) antigens fused with streptavidin to be targeted by specific biotinylated monoclonal antibody (anti-CD205) into dendritic cells and induce virus - specific protective immunity. The method was tested in four congenic lines of chickens that are either resistant or susceptible to the progressive growth of RSV - induced tumors. Our analyses confirmed that the biot-anti-CD205-SA-FITC complex was internalized by chicken splenocytes. In the cytokine expression profile, several significant differences were evident between RSV -challenged progressor and regressor chicken lines. A significant up-regulation of IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 expression was detected in immunized chickens of both regressor and progressor groups. Of these cytokines, IL-2 and IL-12 were most up-regulated 14 days post-challenge (dpc), while IL-15 and IL-18 were most up-regulated at 28 dpc. On the contrary, IL-10 expression was significantly down-regulated in all immunized groups of progressor chickens at 14 dpc. We detected significant up-regulation of IL-17 in the group of immunized progressors. LITAF down-regulation with iNOS up-regulation was especially observed in the progressor group of immunized chickens that developed large tumors. Based on the increased expression of cytokines specific for activated dendritic cells, we conclude that our system is able to induce partial stimulation of specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immunity.
28381295	0	8	Cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28381295	25	28	RSV	T005	C0086943
28381295	29	36	antigen	T129	C0003320
28381295	50	64	dendritic cell	T025	C0011306
28381295	75	86	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28381295	90	98	congenic	T001	C1512692
28381295	99	112	chicken lines	T012	C0008051
28381295	124	131	antigen	T129	C0003320
28381295	132	140	delivery	T169	C0449914
28381295	146	170	antigen-presenting cells	T025	C0003315
28381295	212	219	chicken	T012	C0008051
28381295	220	239	vaccine development	T062	C0597634
28381295	249	254	study	T062	C2603343
28381295	283	301	Rous sarcoma virus	T005	C0086943
28381295	303	306	RSV	T005	C0086943
28381295	308	316	antigens	T129	C0003320
28381295	328	340	streptavidin	T116,T123,T130	C0075278
28381295	368	413	biotinylated monoclonal antibody (anti-CD205)	T116,T129	C0003250
28381295	419	434	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
28381295	439	445	induce	T169	C0205263
28381295	446	451	virus	T005	C0042776
28381295	454	462	specific	T080	C0205369
28381295	474	482	immunity	T039	C0020964
28381295	514	528	congenic lines	T001	C1512692
28381295	532	540	chickens	T012	C0008051
28381295	557	566	resistant	T169	C0332325
28381295	570	581	susceptible	T169	C0231204
28381295	601	607	growth	T040	C0018270
28381295	611	614	RSV	T005	C0086943
28381295	617	624	induced	T169	C0205263
28381295	625	631	tumors	T191	C0027651
28381295	665	696	biot-anti-CD205-SA-FITC complex	T116,T123	C1180347
28381295	717	724	chicken	T012	C0008051
28381295	725	736	splenocytes	T025	C1519477
28381295	745	753	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28381295	754	772	expression profile	T034	C3463810
28381295	827	830	RSV	T005	C0086943
28381295	843	853	progressor	T191	C0178874
28381295	858	867	regressor	T201	C1718423
28381295	868	881	chicken lines	T012	C0008051
28381295	897	910	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
28381295	914	918	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
28381295	920	925	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
28381295	927	932	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
28381295	938	943	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
28381295	944	954	expression	T045	C1171362
28381295	971	980	immunized	T061	C0020971
28381295	981	989	chickens	T012	C0008051
28381295	998	1007	regressor	T012	C0008051
28381295	1012	1029	progressor groups	T012	C0008051
28381295	1040	1049	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28381295	1051	1055	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
28381295	1060	1065	IL-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
28381295	1076	1088	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28381295	1089	1111	14 days post-challenge	T079	C1254367
28381295	1113	1116	dpc	T079	C1254367
28381295	1125	1130	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
28381295	1135	1140	IL-18	T116,T129	C0383327
28381295	1151	1163	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28381295	1192	1197	IL-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28381295	1198	1208	expression	T045	C1171362
28381295	1227	1241	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
28381295	1249	1288	immunized groups of progressor chickens	T012	C0008051
28381295	1292	1298	14 dpc	T079	C1254367
28381295	1324	1337	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
28381295	1341	1346	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28381295	1363	1384	immunized progressors	T012	C0008051
28381295	1386	1391	LITAF	T116,T123	C0033684
28381295	1392	1407	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
28381295	1413	1417	iNOS	T116,T126	C1533698
28381295	1418	1431	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
28381295	1463	1479	progressor group	T012	C0008051
28381295	1483	1492	immunized	T061	C0020971
28381295	1493	1501	chickens	T012	C0008051
28381295	1517	1529	large tumors	T080	C0475278
28381295	1554	1564	expression	T045	C1171362
28381295	1568	1577	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28381295	1601	1616	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
28381295	1657	1663	induce	T169	C0205263
28381295	1672	1683	stimulation	UnknownType	C0678668
28381295	1696	1706	cell types	T025	C0007634
28381295	1719	1741	cell-mediated immunity	T040	C0020966

28381362|t|Preparation of organic-silica hybrid monolithic columns via crosslinking of functionalized mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for capillary liquid chromatography
28381362|a|An organic-silica hybrid monolithic capillary column was fabricated by crosslinking (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) modified mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (AP-MCNs) with tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and n-butyltrimethoxysilane (C4-TriMOS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and inverse size-exclusion chromatography characterization proved the successful immobilization of mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCNs). The crosslinking of AP-MCNs into the hybrid monolithic matrix has significantly increased the reversed-phase retention of alkylbenzenes and chromatographic performance for small molecules separations in comparison with the neat one without MCNs. The resulting column efficiency of the mesoporous carbon nanoparticle -based butyl-silica hybrid monolithic column (MCN-C4-monolith) was up to ca. 116,600N/m for the capillary liquid chromatography (cLC) separation of butylbenzene. Enhanced performance of proteins separation was achieved on the MCN-C4-monolith in comparison with the butyl-silica hybrid monolithic column without MCN (C4-monolith). The separation of peptides from bovine serum albumin (BSA) digest was carried out on the MCN-C4-monolith by capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (cLC-MS/MS) with protein sequence coverage of 81.9%, suggesting its potential application in proteomics.
28381362	0	11	Preparation	T052	C1521827
28381362	15	55	organic-silica hybrid monolithic columns	T074	C0179909
28381362	60	72	crosslinking	T070	C0178576
28381362	76	90	functionalized	T169	C0205245
28381362	91	108	mesoporous carbon	T196	C0007009
28381362	109	122	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28381362	127	158	capillary liquid chromatography	T059	C0008565
28381362	162	211	organic-silica hybrid monolithic capillary column	T074	C0179909
28381362	216	226	fabricated	T067	C1254366
28381362	230	242	crosslinking	T070	C0178576
28381362	243	274	(3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane	T109	C0256924
28381362	276	281	APTMS	T109	C0256924
28381362	283	291	modified	T169	C0392747
28381362	292	309	mesoporous carbon	T196	C0007009
28381362	310	323	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28381362	325	332	AP-MCNs	T196	C0007009
28381362	339	357	tetramethoxysilane	T109	C0076294
28381362	359	363	TMOS	T109	C0076294
28381362	369	392	n-butyltrimethoxysilane	T109	C0029224
28381362	394	403	C4-TriMOS	T109	C0029224
28381362	406	434	Scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
28381362	436	439	SEM	T059	C0026020
28381362	442	474	X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy	T059	C2700282
28381362	476	505	mercury intrusion porosimetry	T059	C0022885
28381362	510	547	inverse size-exclusion chromatography	T059	C1148476
28381362	548	564	characterization	T052	C1880022
28381362	576	586	successful	T080	C1272703
28381362	605	622	mesoporous carbon	T196	C0007009
28381362	623	636	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28381362	638	642	MCNs	T196	C0007009
28381362	649	661	crosslinking	T070	C0178576
28381362	665	672	AP-MCNs	T196	C0007009
28381362	682	706	hybrid monolithic matrix	T104	C1254350
28381362	711	724	significantly	T078	C0750502
28381362	725	734	increased	T081	C0205217
28381362	739	763	reversed-phase retention	T033	C0243095
28381362	767	780	alkylbenzenes	T109	C0029224
28381362	785	812	chromatographic performance	T059	C3826567
28381362	817	832	small molecules	T109	C1328819
28381362	833	844	separations	UnknownType	C0678621
28381362	848	858	comparison	T052	C1707455
28381362	885	889	MCNs	T196	C0007009
28381362	905	911	column	T075	C1705246
28381362	912	922	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28381362	930	947	mesoporous carbon	T196	C0007009
28381362	948	960	nanoparticle	T073	C1450054
28381362	968	1005	butyl-silica hybrid monolithic column	T074	C0179909
28381362	1007	1022	MCN-C4-monolith	T074	C0179909
28381362	1057	1088	capillary liquid chromatography	T059	C0008565
28381362	1090	1093	cLC	T059	C0008565
28381362	1095	1105	separation	UnknownType	C0678621
28381362	1109	1121	butylbenzene	T109,T130	C0083644
28381362	1123	1131	Enhanced	T052	C2349975
28381362	1132	1143	performance	T052	C1882330
28381362	1147	1155	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28381362	1156	1166	separation	UnknownType	C0678621
28381362	1187	1202	MCN-C4-monolith	T074	C0179909
28381362	1206	1216	comparison	T052	C1707455
28381362	1226	1263	butyl-silica hybrid monolithic column	T074	C0179909
28381362	1272	1275	MCN	T196	C0007009
28381362	1277	1288	C4-monolith	T074	C0179909
28381362	1295	1305	separation	UnknownType	C0678621
28381362	1309	1317	peptides	T116	C0030956
28381362	1323	1343	bovine serum albumin	T116,T123	C0036774
28381362	1345	1348	BSA	T116,T123	C0036774
28381362	1380	1395	MCN-C4-monolith	T074	C0179909
28381362	1399	1455	capillary liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
28381362	1457	1466	cLC-MS/MS	T059	C4049918
28381362	1473	1489	protein sequence	T087	C0002518
28381362	1524	1533	potential	T080	C3245505
28381362	1534	1545	application	T169	C4048755
28381362	1549	1559	proteomics	T091	C0872252

28381379|t|Clinical outcomes of ERCP -related retroperitoneal perforations
28381379|a|Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-related perforations represent rare but often severe conditions. While lesions with intraperitoneal perforation have an almost imperative indication to surgery, whether or not to manage retroperitoneal perforations surgically is still an area of debate. The aim of the present work was to review the available clinical evidence on the operatively and medically treated ERCP -related retroperitoneal perforations. From MEDLINE / PubMed databases 137 patients with retroperitoneal perforation were included from 12 studies that met the selection criteria for data investigation and analysis. Twenty-four patients were treated by prompt surgery; 113 were primarily managed conservatively and about 20% of these patients required surgery subsequently. Overall, the morbidity and mortality were 15.4% and 6.6%, respectively. Although most patients with retroperitoneal perforation may benefit from a non-operative management, a considerable number of patients fail to respond to medical treatment and require surgery afterwards. Identifying those patients who are at highest risk of poor outcome after conservative treatment should be considered a research priority.
28381379	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28381379	9	17	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28381379	21	25	ERCP	T060	C0008310
28381379	35	50	retroperitoneal	T030	C0035359
28381379	51	63	perforations	T033	C0549099
28381379	64	110	Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography	T060	C0008310
28381379	112	116	ERCP	T060	C0008310
28381379	126	138	perforations	T033	C0549099
28381379	164	170	severe	T080	C0205082
28381379	171	181	conditions	T080	C0348080
28381379	189	196	lesions	T033	C0221198
28381379	202	217	intraperitoneal	T082	C0442120
28381379	218	229	perforation	T033	C0549099
28381379	256	266	indication	T078	C3146298
28381379	270	277	surgery	T061	C0543467
28381379	304	319	retroperitoneal	T030	C0035359
28381379	320	332	perforations	T033	C0549099
28381379	333	343	surgically	T061	C0543467
28381379	428	436	clinical	T080	C0205210
28381379	437	445	evidence	T078	C3887511
28381379	453	464	operatively	T079	C1882154
28381379	469	478	medically	T169	C0205476
28381379	479	486	treated	T061	C0087111
28381379	487	491	ERCP	T060	C0008310
28381379	501	516	retroperitoneal	T030	C0035359
28381379	517	529	perforations	T033	C0549099
28381379	536	543	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28381379	546	552	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28381379	553	562	databases	T170	C0242356
28381379	567	575	patients	T101	C0030705
28381379	581	596	retroperitoneal	T030	C0035359
28381379	597	608	perforation	T033	C0549099
28381379	652	670	selection criteria	T080	C0242801
28381379	675	679	data	T078	C1511726
28381379	680	693	investigation	T170	C1552578
28381379	698	706	analysis	T062	C0936012
28381379	720	728	patients	T101	C0030705
28381379	734	741	treated	T061	C0087111
28381379	752	759	surgery	T061	C0543467
28381379	788	802	conservatively	T061	C0459914
28381379	826	834	patients	T101	C0030705
28381379	844	851	surgery	T061	C0543467
28381379	879	888	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28381379	893	902	mortality	T081	C0205848
28381379	952	960	patients	T101	C0030705
28381379	966	981	retroperitoneal	T030	C0035359
28381379	982	993	perforation	T033	C0549099
28381379	998	1005	benefit	T081	C0814225
28381379	1013	1037	non-operative management	T033	C0243095
28381379	1064	1072	patients	T101	C0030705
28381379	1092	1099	medical	T169	C0205476
28381379	1100	1109	treatment	T061	C0087111
28381379	1122	1129	surgery	T061	C0543467
28381379	1160	1168	patients	T101	C0030705
28381379	1188	1192	risk	T078	C0035647
28381379	1201	1208	outcome	T080	C0085415
28381379	1215	1237	conservative treatment	T061	C0459914
28381379	1261	1269	research	T062	C0035168

28381601|t|A Novel Multiplex PCR Assay for the Detection of Chlorhexidine / Quaternary Ammonium, Mupirocin and Methicillin Resistance Genes with Simultaneous Discrimination of Staphylococcus aureus from Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci
28381601|a|Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a clinically significant pathogen resistant to a wide variety of antibiotics and responsible for a large number of nosocomial infections worldwide. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently recommended to adopt universal mupirocin / chlorhexidine decolonization of all admitted intensive care unit patients, rather than MRSA screening with targeted treatments, which raises the serious concern about the selection of resistance to mupirocin and chlorhexidine in strains of staphylococci. Thus, a simple, rapid, and reliable approach will be paramount in monitoring the resistance prevalence to these agents. We developed a simple multiplex PCR assay capable of screening Staphylococcus isolates for the presence of antiseptic resistance genes for chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds, as well as mupirocin - and methicillin-resistance genes, while simultaneously discriminating S. aureus from coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). The assay incorporates 7 PCR targets, including staph 16S-rRNA (specifically detecting Staphylococcus sp .), nuc (distinguishing S. aureus from CoNS), mecA (distinguishing MRSA from methicillin-susceptible S. aureus), mupA and mupB (identifying high-level mupirocin resistance), qac and smr (identifying chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium resistance). Our assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in a total of 23 variant antiseptic / antibiotic-resistant control strains. Further validation of our assay using 378 randomly selected and previously well-characterized local clinical isolates confirmed its feasibility and practicality. This may prove to be a useful tool for multidrug-resistant staphylococci monitoring in clinical laboratories, particularly in the wake of increased chlorhexidine and mupirocin treatments.
28381601	18	21	PCR	T063	C0032520
28381601	22	27	Assay	T059	C1510438
28381601	36	45	Detection	T061	C1511790
28381601	49	62	Chlorhexidine	T109,T121	C0008196
28381601	65	84	Quaternary Ammonium	T109	C0578399
28381601	86	95	Mupirocin	T109,T195	C0085259
28381601	100	128	Methicillin Resistance Genes	T028	C2964213
28381601	134	146	Simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28381601	147	161	Discrimination	T054	C2987623
28381601	165	186	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28381601	192	224	Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci	T007	C4176707
28381601	225	268	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C1265292
28381601	270	274	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28381601	281	291	clinically	T080	C0205210
28381601	292	303	significant	T078	C0750502
28381601	304	322	pathogen resistant	T046	C0853847
28381601	344	355	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28381601	394	415	nosocomial infections	T047	C0205721
28381601	431	437	Agency	T092	C0237463
28381601	442	461	Healthcare Research	T062	C0018757
28381601	466	473	Quality	T080	C0332306
28381601	482	524	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	T093	C0007670
28381601	565	574	mupirocin	T109,T195	C0085259
28381601	577	590	chlorhexidine	T109,T121	C0008196
28381601	591	605	decolonization	T033	C0243095
28381601	613	621	admitted	T058	C0184666
28381601	622	641	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021708
28381601	642	650	patients	T101	C0030705
28381601	664	668	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28381601	669	678	screening	T058	C1710032
28381601	684	692	targeted	T169	C1521840
28381601	693	703	treatments	T061	C0087111
28381601	775	784	mupirocin	T109,T195	C0085259
28381601	789	802	chlorhexidine	T109,T121	C0008196
28381601	806	830	strains of staphylococci	T007	C0038172
28381601	898	908	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28381601	944	950	agents	T120	C0450442
28381601	984	987	PCR	T063	C0032520
28381601	988	993	assay	T059	C1510438
28381601	1005	1014	screening	T058	C1710032
28381601	1015	1029	Staphylococcus	T007	C0038172
28381601	1030	1038	isolates	T123	C3494793
28381601	1047	1055	presence	T033	C0150312
28381601	1059	1069	antiseptic	T121	C3536839
28381601	1070	1086	resistance genes	T028	C2945710
28381601	1091	1104	chlorhexidine	T109,T121	C0008196
28381601	1109	1138	quaternary ammonium compounds	T109	C0578399
28381601	1151	1160	mupirocin	T109,T195	C0085259
28381601	1167	1195	methicillin-resistance genes	T028	C2964213
28381601	1203	1217	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
28381601	1233	1242	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28381601	1248	1280	coagulase-negative staphylococci	T007	C4176707
28381601	1282	1286	CoNS	T007	C4176707
28381601	1293	1298	assay	T059	C1510438
28381601	1314	1317	PCR	T063	C0032520
28381601	1318	1325	targets	T169	C1521840
28381601	1337	1342	staph	T007	C0038172
28381601	1343	1351	16S-rRNA	T114	C3537372
28381601	1376	1393	Staphylococcus sp	T007	C1265284
28381601	1398	1401	nuc	T116,T123	C1256984
28381601	1418	1427	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28381601	1433	1437	CoNS	T007	C4176707
28381601	1440	1444	mecA	T116,T123	C1453945
28381601	1461	1465	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28381601	1471	1504	methicillin-susceptible S. aureus	T007	C1635274
28381601	1507	1511	mupA	T116	C1433568
28381601	1516	1520	mupB	T116,T123	C3492938
28381601	1545	1554	mupirocin	T109,T195	C0085259
28381601	1555	1565	resistance	T032	C0013205
28381601	1576	1579	smr	T116,T123	C1958907
28381601	1593	1606	chlorhexidine	T109,T121	C0008196
28381601	1611	1630	quaternary ammonium	T109	C0578399
28381601	1631	1641	resistance	T032	C0013205
28381601	1648	1653	assay	T059	C1510438
28381601	1685	1696	specificity	T081	C0037791
28381601	1701	1709	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28381601	1727	1734	variant	T080	C0205419
28381601	1735	1745	antiseptic	T121	C3536839
28381601	1748	1784	antibiotic-resistant control strains	T046	C0860039
28381601	1794	1804	validation	T062	C1519941
28381601	1812	1817	assay	T059	C1510438
28381601	1861	1879	well-characterized	T052	C1880022
28381601	1886	1894	clinical	T080	C0205210
28381601	1895	1903	isolates	T123	C3494793
28381601	1987	2006	multidrug-resistant	T032	C0242640
28381601	2007	2020	staphylococci	T007	C0038170
28381601	2021	2031	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28381601	2035	2056	clinical laboratories	T073,T093	C1551301
28381601	2086	2095	increased	T081	C0205217
28381601	2096	2109	chlorhexidine	T109,T121	C0008196
28381601	2114	2123	mupirocin	T109,T195	C0085259
28381601	2124	2134	treatments	T061	C0087111

28381880|t|20S immunoproteasomes remove formaldehyde - damaged cytoplasmic proteins suppressing caspase-independent cell death
28381880|a|Immunoproteasomes are known for their involvement in antigen presentation. However, their broad tissue presence and other evidence are indicative of nonimmune functions. We examined a role for immunoproteasomes in cellular responses to the endogenous and environmental carcinogen formaldehyde (FA) that binds to cytosolic and nuclear proteins producing proteotoxic stress and genotoxic DNA - histone crosslinks. We found that immunoproteasomes were important for suppression of a caspase-independent cell death and the long-term survival of FA-treated cells. All major genotoxic responses to FA, including replication inhibition and activation of the transcription factor p53 and the apical ATM and ATR kinases, were unaffected by immunoproteasome inactivity. Immunoproteasome inhibition enhanced activation of the cytosolic protein damage sensor HSF1, elevated levels of K48-polyubiquitinated cytoplasmic proteins and increased depletion of unconjugated ubiquitin. We further found that FA induced the disassembly of 26S immunoproteasomes, but not standard 26S proteasomes, releasing the 20S catalytic immunoproteasome. FA-treated cells also had higher amounts of small activators PA28αβ and PA28γ bound to 20S particles. Our findings highlight the significance of nonnuclear damage in FA injury and reveal a major role for immunoproteasomes in elimination of FA-damaged cytoplasmic proteins through ubiquitin - independent proteolysis.
28381880	0	21	20S immunoproteasomes	T116,T126	C0014442
28381880	29	41	formaldehyde	T109,T121,T131	C0016564
28381880	44	51	damaged	T169	C1883709
28381880	52	72	cytoplasmic proteins	T116,T123	C1333198
28381880	73	84	suppressing	T169	C1260953
28381880	85	115	caspase-independent cell death	T043	C3820502
28381880	116	133	Immunoproteasomes	T116,T126	C0014442
28381880	154	165	involvement	T169	C1314939
28381880	169	189	antigen presentation	T043	C0206431
28381880	206	211	broad	T082	C0332464
28381880	212	218	tissue	T024	C0040300
28381880	219	227	presence	T033	C0150312
28381880	238	246	evidence	T169	C0332120
28381880	251	264	indicative of	T078	C0392360
28381880	265	284	nonimmune functions	T039	C0031843
28381880	309	326	immunoproteasomes	T116,T126	C0014442
28381880	330	348	cellular responses	T043	C1817908
28381880	356	366	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28381880	371	395	environmental carcinogen	T131	C0007091
28381880	396	408	formaldehyde	T109,T121,T131	C0016564
28381880	410	412	FA	T109,T121,T131	C0016564
28381880	428	437	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
28381880	442	458	nuclear proteins	T116,T123	C0028589
28381880	469	487	proteotoxic stress	T046	C0449430
28381880	492	501	genotoxic	T049	C0598309
28381880	502	505	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28381880	508	515	histone	T116,T123	C0019652
28381880	516	526	crosslinks	T070	C0178576
28381880	542	559	immunoproteasomes	T116,T126	C0014442
28381880	565	574	important	T080	C3898777
28381880	579	590	suppression	T169	C1260953
28381880	596	626	caspase-independent cell death	T043	C3820502
28381880	635	644	long-term	T079	C0443252
28381880	645	653	survival	T169	C0220921
28381880	657	673	FA-treated cells	T025	C0007634
28381880	685	694	genotoxic	T049	C0598309
28381880	695	704	responses	T032	C0871261
28381880	708	710	FA	T109,T121,T131	C0016564
28381880	722	744	replication inhibition	T045	C1511692
28381880	749	759	activation	T052	C1879547
28381880	767	791	transcription factor p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28381880	800	806	apical	T082	C0205111
28381880	807	810	ATM	T116,T126	C3711796
28381880	815	826	ATR kinases	T116,T126	C3711837
28381880	833	843	unaffected	T077	C2986417
28381880	847	863	immunoproteasome	T116,T126	C0014442
28381880	864	874	inactivity	T080	C3244312
28381880	893	903	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28381880	904	912	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28381880	913	923	activation	T052	C1879547
28381880	931	940	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
28381880	941	948	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28381880	949	955	damage	T169	C1883709
28381880	956	967	sensor HSF1	T116,T123	C0121235
28381880	969	984	elevated levels	T080	C0441889
28381880	988	1009	K48-polyubiquitinated	T044	C3820607
28381880	1010	1030	cytoplasmic proteins	T116,T123	C1333198
28381880	1035	1044	increased	T081	C0205217
28381880	1045	1054	depletion	T169	C0333668
28381880	1058	1070	unconjugated	T080	C0522530
28381880	1071	1080	ubiquitin	T116,T123	C0041538
28381880	1104	1106	FA	T109,T121,T131	C0016564
28381880	1107	1114	induced	T169	C0205263
28381880	1119	1130	disassembly	T052	C1707798
28381880	1134	1155	26S immunoproteasomes	T116,T126	C0014442
28381880	1174	1189	26S proteasomes	T116,T126	C0286330
28381880	1205	1235	20S catalytic immunoproteasome	T116,T126	C0014442
28381880	1237	1253	FA-treated cells	T025	C0007634
28381880	1263	1277	higher amounts	T081	C1265611
28381880	1287	1304	activators PA28αβ	T116,T123	C0753808
28381880	1309	1314	PA28γ	T116,T123	C0893173
28381880	1324	1337	20S particles	T116,T126	C0014442
28381880	1366	1378	significance	T078	C0750502
28381880	1382	1399	nonnuclear damage	T169	C1883709
28381880	1403	1405	FA	T109,T121,T131	C0016564
28381880	1441	1458	immunoproteasomes	T116,T126	C0014442
28381880	1477	1487	FA-damaged	T169	C1883709
28381880	1488	1508	cytoplasmic proteins	T116,T123	C1333198
28381880	1517	1526	ubiquitin	T116,T123	C0041538
28381880	1529	1540	independent	T078	C0085862
28381880	1541	1552	proteolysis	T044	C0597304

28382143|t|Albumin -to- Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio: A Novel Prognostic Index of Overall Survival in Cisplatin -based Chemotherapy - treated Patients with Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
28382143|a|The Albumin -to- Alkaline Phosphatase Ratio (AAPR) has been recently revealed as a prognostic index for hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas its role in metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of AAPR in patients with metastatic NPC. We retrospectively reviewed 209 metastatic NPC patients treated with cisplatin -based regimens. Survival data were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and were compared using the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were conducted using the Cox proportional hazards regression methodology. The optimal cutoff level of AAPR for assessing overall survival (OS) was 0.447, which was determined by R software. An AAPR less than 0.447 was significantly associated with a higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (273 vs. 185 U/L, P = 0.004), a higher EBV DNA viral load (5.59×10(5) vs. 3.49×10(4) copies/ml, P = 0.001), and more liver and bone metastases (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001, respectively). Additionally, patients with an AAPR < 0.447 had a shorter overall survival and progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 3.269, 95% confidence interval: 1.710-6.248; HR: 2.295, 95% confidence interval: 1.217-4.331, respectively) than those with an AAPR ≥ 0.447. Our study suggested that the AAPR might be a novel prognostic factor in metastatic NPC patients treated with cisplatin -based regimens. However, a prospective study to validate its prognostic value is needed, and the mechanisms underlying the low AAPR and poor survival in metastatic NPC need to be further investigated.
28382143	0	7	Albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
28382143	13	33	Alkaline Phosphatase	T116,T126	C0002059
28382143	34	39	Ratio	T081	C0456603
28382143	49	59	Prognostic	T170	C0220901
28382143	60	65	Index	T170	C0918012
28382143	69	85	Overall Survival	T081	C4086681
28382143	89	98	Cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
28382143	106	118	Chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28382143	121	128	treated	T169	C1522326
28382143	129	137	Patients	T101	C0030705
28382143	143	178	Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma	T191	C1377919
28382143	183	190	Albumin	T116,T123	C0001924
28382143	196	216	Alkaline Phosphatase	T116,T126	C0002059
28382143	217	222	Ratio	T081	C0456603
28382143	224	228	AAPR	T034	C1254595
28382143	262	272	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28382143	273	278	index	T170	C0918012
28382143	283	307	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28382143	329	361	metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer	T191	C1377919
28382143	363	366	NPC	T191	C1377919
28382143	389	392	aim	T078	C1947946
28382143	401	406	study	T062	C2603343
28382143	414	422	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28382143	427	441	clinical value	T080	C0449440
28382143	445	449	AAPR	T034	C1254595
28382143	453	461	patients	T101	C0030705
28382143	467	481	metastatic NPC	T191	C1377919
28382143	486	501	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28382143	502	510	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28382143	515	529	metastatic NPC	T191	C1377919
28382143	530	538	patients	T101	C0030705
28382143	539	551	treated with	T061	C0332293
28382143	552	561	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
28382143	569	577	regimens	T061	C0040808
28382143	579	592	Survival data	T081	C0038954
28382143	598	608	calculated	T052	C1441506
28382143	619	638	Kaplan-Meier method	T081	C1720943
28382143	682	692	Univariate	T062	C0683962
28382143	697	727	multivariate survival analyses	T062	C0038953
28382143	753	800	Cox proportional hazards regression methodology	T081,T170	C0010235
28382143	806	813	optimal	T080	C2698651
28382143	814	820	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28382143	821	826	level	T080	C0441889
28382143	830	834	AAPR	T034	C1254595
28382143	839	848	assessing	T058	C0184514
28382143	849	865	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28382143	867	869	OS	T081	C4086681
28382143	892	905	determined by	T080	C0521095
28382143	906	916	R software	T170	C0037589
28382143	921	925	AAPR	T034	C1254595
28382143	960	975	associated with	T080	C0332281
28382143	978	984	higher	T080	C0205250
28382143	985	1018	lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level	T034	C1318159
28382143	1051	1076	higher EBV DNA viral load	T033	C3808257
28382143	1136	1141	liver	T191	C0494165
28382143	1146	1161	bone metastases	T191	C0153690
28382143	1217	1225	patients	T101	C0030705
28382143	1234	1238	AAPR	T034	C1254595
28382143	1261	1277	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28382143	1299	1307	survival	T169	C0220921
28382143	1309	1321	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28382143	1334	1353	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28382143	1368	1370	HR	T081	C2985465
28382143	1383	1402	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28382143	1450	1454	AAPR	T034	C1254595
28382143	1468	1473	study	T062	C2603343
28382143	1493	1497	AAPR	T034	C1254595
28382143	1515	1525	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28382143	1536	1550	metastatic NPC	T191	C1377919
28382143	1551	1559	patients	T101	C0030705
28382143	1560	1572	treated with	T061	C0332293
28382143	1573	1582	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
28382143	1590	1598	regimens	T061	C0040808
28382143	1611	1628	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28382143	1645	1655	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28382143	1681	1691	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28382143	1707	1710	low	T080	C0205251
28382143	1711	1715	AAPR	T034	C1254595
28382143	1720	1724	poor	T080	C0542537
28382143	1725	1733	survival	T169	C0220921
28382143	1737	1751	metastatic NPC	T191	C1377919
28382143	1771	1783	investigated	T169	C1292732

28382289|t|The effect of single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy on systemic oxidative stress: a prospective clinical trial
28382289|a|Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) has become a more frequently performed method for benign gallbladder diseases all over the world. The effects of SILC technique on oxidative stress have not been well documented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy techniques on systemic oxidative stress by using ischemia modified albumin (IMA). In total, 70 patients who had been diagnosed with benign gallbladder pathology were enrolled for this prospective study. Twenty-one patients underwent SILC and 49 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). All operations were performed under a standard anesthesia protocol. Serum IMA levels were analysed before operation, 45 minutes and 24 hours after operation. Demographics and preoperative characteristics of the patients were similiar in each group. The mean duration of operation was 37.5 ± 12.5 and 44.6 ± 14.3 minutes in LC and SILC group, respectively. In both groups, there was no statistically significant difference in hospital stay, operative time, or conversion to open surgery. Operative technique did not effect the 45th minute and 24th hour IMA levels. However, prolonged operative time (>30 minutes) caused an early increase in the level of IMA. Twenty-fourth hour IMA levels were not different. SILC is an effective and safe surgical prosedure for benign gallbladder diseases. Independent of the surgical technique for cholecystectomy, the prolonged operative time could increase the tissue ischemia.
28382289	4	10	effect	T080	C1280500
28382289	14	58	single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy	T061	C4075702
28382289	62	70	systemic	T169	C0205373
28382289	71	87	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28382289	91	102	prospective	T062	C0033522
28382289	103	117	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
28382289	118	162	Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy	T061	C4075702
28382289	164	168	SILC	T061	C4075702
28382289	188	198	frequently	T079	C0332183
28382289	199	208	performed	T169	C0884358
28382289	209	215	method	T170	C0025663
28382289	220	247	benign gallbladder diseases	T191	C0345912
28382289	272	279	effects	T080	C1280500
28382289	283	287	SILC	T061	C4075702
28382289	288	297	technique	T169	C0449851
28382289	301	317	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28382289	337	347	documented	T058	C1301725
28382289	365	370	study	T062	C0008972
28382289	378	386	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28382289	391	397	effect	T080	C1280500
28382289	401	429	laparoscopic cholecystectomy	T061	C0162522
28382289	430	440	techniques	T169	C0449851
28382289	444	452	systemic	T169	C0205373
28382289	453	469	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28382289	479	504	ischemia modified albumin	T116	C3266190
28382289	506	509	IMA	T116	C3266190
28382289	525	533	patients	T101	C0030705
28382289	547	556	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28382289	562	590	benign gallbladder pathology	T191	C0345912
28382289	614	631	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28382289	644	652	patients	T101	C0030705
28382289	663	667	SILC	T061	C4075702
28382289	675	683	patients	T101	C0030705
28382289	694	722	laparoscopic cholecystectomy	T061	C0162522
28382289	724	726	LC	T061	C0162522
28382289	733	743	operations	T061	C0543467
28382289	749	758	performed	T169	C0884358
28382289	767	795	standard anesthesia protocol	T061	C0002903
28382289	797	813	Serum IMA levels	T059	C1504155
28382289	819	827	analysed	T062	C0936012
28382289	835	844	operation	T061	C0543467
28382289	849	856	minutes	T079	C0439232
28382289	864	869	hours	T079	C0439227
28382289	876	885	operation	T061	C0543467
28382289	887	899	Demographics	T090	C0011298
28382289	904	932	preoperative characteristics	T062	C0033522
28382289	940	948	patients	T101	C0030705
28382289	971	976	group	T098	C1257890
28382289	987	1008	duration of operation	T079	C3494201
28382289	1041	1048	minutes	T079	C0439232
28382289	1052	1054	LC	T061	C0162522
28382289	1059	1063	SILC	T061	C4075702
28382289	1064	1069	group	T098	C1257890
28382289	1093	1099	groups	T098	C1257890
28382289	1114	1139	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28382289	1154	1167	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28382289	1169	1183	operative time	T079	C3494201
28382289	1188	1214	conversion to open surgery	T061	C3494226
28382289	1216	1235	Operative technique	T061	C0543467
28382289	1244	1250	effect	T080	C1280500
28382289	1260	1266	minute	T079	C0439232
28382289	1276	1280	hour	T079	C0439227
28382289	1281	1291	IMA levels	T059	C1504155
28382289	1312	1326	operative time	T079	C3494201
28382289	1332	1339	minutes	T079	C0439232
28382289	1357	1365	increase	T081	C0205217
28382289	1373	1385	level of IMA	T059	C1504155
28382289	1406	1416	IMA levels	T059	C1504155
28382289	1437	1441	SILC	T061	C4075702
28382289	1448	1457	effective	T080	C1280519
28382289	1462	1466	safe	T068	C0036043
28382289	1467	1485	surgical prosedure	T061	C0543467
28382289	1490	1517	benign gallbladder diseases	T191	C0345912
28382289	1538	1556	surgical technique	T061	C0543467
28382289	1561	1576	cholecystectomy	T061	C0162522
28382289	1582	1591	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28382289	1592	1606	operative time	T079	C3494201
28382289	1613	1621	increase	T081	C0205217
28382289	1626	1632	tissue	T024	C0040300
28382289	1633	1641	ischemia	T046	C0022116

28382844|t|White matter deficits in schizophrenia are global and don't progress with age
28382844|a|Diffusion tensor imaging has revealed differences in all examined white matter tracts in schizophrenia, with a range of explanations for why this may be. The distribution and timing of differences may help explain their origin; however, results are usually dependent on the analytical method. We therefore sought to examine the extent of differences and their relationship with age using two different methods. A combined voxel -based whole-brain study and a tract -based spatial-statistics study of 104 patients with schizophrenia and 200 matched healthy controls, aged between 17 and 63 years. Fractional anisotropy was reduced throughout the brain in both analyses. The relationship of fractional anisotropy with age differed between patients and controls, with controls showing the gentle fractional anisotropy decline widely noted but patients showing an essentially flat relationship: younger patients had lower fractional anisotropy than controls, but the difference disappeared with age. Mean diffusivity was widely increased in patients. Reduction in fractional anisotropy and increase in mean diffusivity would be consistent with global disruption in myelination; the relationship with age would suggest this is present already at the onset of their illness, but does not progress.
28382844	0	12	White matter	T024	C0682708
28382844	13	21	deficits	T080	C2987487
28382844	25	38	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28382844	43	49	global	T080	C2348867
28382844	60	68	progress	T169	C1280477
28382844	74	77	age	T032	C0001779
28382844	78	102	Diffusion tensor imaging	T060	C1537007
28382844	144	156	white matter	T024	C0682708
28382844	157	163	tracts	T024	C1283380
28382844	167	180	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28382844	189	194	range	T081	C1514721
28382844	198	210	explanations	T170	C0681841
28382844	236	248	distribution	T169	C1704711
28382844	253	259	timing	T079	C0449243
28382844	298	304	origin	T079	C0439659
28382844	315	322	results	T033	C0683954
28382844	335	344	dependent	T080	C0851827
28382844	352	369	analytical method	T170	C0178476
28382844	438	450	relationship	T078	C1705630
28382844	456	459	age	T032	C0001779
28382844	470	479	different	T080	C1705242
28382844	480	487	methods	T170	C0025663
28382844	491	499	combined	T080	C0205195
28382844	500	505	voxel	T077	C2700259
28382844	513	524	whole-brain	T023	C0006104
28382844	525	530	study	T062	C2603343
28382844	537	542	tract	T024	C1283380
28382844	550	574	spatial-statistics study	T170	C0038208
28382844	582	590	patients	T101	C0030705
28382844	596	609	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28382844	618	642	matched healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28382844	644	648	aged	T032	C0001779
28382844	667	672	years	T079	C0439234
28382844	674	695	Fractional anisotropy	T070	C0085406
28382844	700	707	reduced	T080	C0392756
28382844	723	728	brain	T023	C0006104
28382844	737	745	analyses	T062	C0936012
28382844	751	763	relationship	T078	C1705630
28382844	767	788	fractional anisotropy	T070	C0085406
28382844	794	797	age	T032	C0001779
28382844	815	823	patients	T101	C0030705
28382844	828	836	controls	T080	C2986479
28382844	843	851	controls	T080	C2986479
28382844	871	892	fractional anisotropy	T070	C0085406
28382844	918	926	patients	T101	C0030705
28382844	950	967	flat relationship	T078	C1705630
28382844	969	976	younger	T079	C0332239
28382844	977	985	patients	T101	C0030705
28382844	990	995	lower	T052	C2003888
28382844	996	1017	fractional anisotropy	T070	C0085406
28382844	1023	1031	controls	T080	C2986479
28382844	1069	1072	age	T032	C0001779
28382844	1074	1090	Mean diffusivity	T077	C3899378
28382844	1115	1123	patients	T101	C0030705
28382844	1125	1134	Reduction	T080	C0392756
28382844	1138	1159	fractional anisotropy	T070	C0085406
28382844	1164	1172	increase	T169	C0442805
28382844	1176	1192	mean diffusivity	T077	C3899378
28382844	1202	1217	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28382844	1218	1224	global	T080	C2348867
28382844	1225	1235	disruption	T169	C0332453
28382844	1239	1250	myelination	T043	C0596991
28382844	1256	1268	relationship	T078	C1705630
28382844	1274	1277	age	T032	C0001779
28382844	1323	1331	onset of	T080	C0332162
28382844	1338	1345	illness	T184	C0221423
28382844	1360	1368	progress	T169	C1280477

28383311|t|Musculoskeletal pain profile of obese individuals attending a multidisciplinary weight management service
28383311|a|Obesity is associated with numerous chronic diseases, including musculoskeletal (MSK) pain, which impacts on quality of life (QoL). There is, however, limited research providing a comprehensive MSK pain profile of an obese cohort. This retrospective study utilized a patient database at a national weight management service (WMS). Following ethical approval, anonymized patient data were statistically analyzed to develop a pain profile, investigate relationships between pain, sleep, and function, and explore variables associated with having low back pain (LBP) and knee pain. Overall, 915 individuals attended the WMS from January 2011 to September 2015 [male, 35% (n=318; CI =32-38); female, 65% (n=597; CI =62-68); mean age 44.6]. Mean BMI was 50.7 kg/m2 [Class III obese (BMI ≥40 kg/m2), 92% (n=835; CI =91-94)]. Approximately 91% reported MSK pain: LBP, 69% (n=539; CI =65- 72) [mean NRS 7.4]; knee pain, 58% (n=447; CI =55-61) [mean NRS 6.8]. Class III obese and multi-site pain patients had lower QoL and physical activity levels, reduced sleep, and poorer physical function than less obese patients and those without pain (p<0.05). Relationships were found between demographic, pain, self-report, psychological, and functional measures (p<0.05). Patients who slept fewer hours and had poorer functional outcomes were more likely to have LBP; patients who were divorced, had lower QoL, and more frequent nocturia were more likely to have knee pain (p<0.05). Multi-site MSK pain is prevalent and severe in obese patients and is negatively associated with most self-report and functional outcomes. This high prevalence suggests pain management strategies must be considered when treating obesity.
28383311	0	20	Musculoskeletal pain	T033	C0026858
28383311	21	28	profile	T170	C1518848
28383311	32	37	obese	T047	C0028754
28383311	38	49	individuals	T098	C0027361
28383311	50	59	attending	T169	C1999232
28383311	62	105	multidisciplinary weight management service	T093	C0596660
28383311	106	113	Obesity	T047	C0028754
28383311	117	132	associated with	T080	C0332281
28383311	133	141	numerous	T081	C0439064
28383311	142	158	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28383311	160	169	including	T169	C0332257
28383311	170	196	musculoskeletal (MSK) pain	T033	C0026858
28383311	204	211	impacts	T080	C4049986
28383311	215	230	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28383311	232	235	QoL	T078	C0034380
28383311	286	299	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28383311	300	308	MSK pain	T033	C0026858
28383311	309	316	profile	T170	C1518848
28383311	323	328	obese	T047	C0028754
28383311	329	335	cohort	T098	C0599755
28383311	342	361	retrospective study	T062	C2985505
28383311	373	380	patient	T101	C0030705
28383311	381	389	database	T170	C0242356
28383311	395	429	national weight management service	T093	C0596660
28383311	431	434	WMS	T093	C0596660
28383311	447	454	ethical	T078	C1136353
28383311	455	463	approval	T170	C2346845
28383311	465	475	anonymized	T170	C3858751
28383311	476	488	patient data	T170	C2707520
28383311	494	516	statistically analyzed	T062	C0871424
28383311	530	534	pain	T184	C0030193
28383311	535	542	profile	T170	C1518848
28383311	544	555	investigate	T169	C1292732
28383311	556	569	relationships	T080	C0439849
28383311	578	582	pain	T184	C0030193
28383311	584	589	sleep	T040	C0037313
28383311	595	603	function	T033	C0516981
28383311	617	626	variables	T080	C0439828
28383311	627	642	associated with	T080	C0332281
28383311	650	663	low back pain	T184	C0024031
28383311	665	668	LBP	T184	C0024031
28383311	674	683	knee pain	T033	C0231749
28383311	698	709	individuals	T098	C0027361
28383311	723	726	WMS	T093	C0596660
28383311	764	768	male	T098	C0025266
28383311	782	784	CI	T081	C0009667
28383311	794	800	female	T098	C0043210
28383311	814	816	CI	T081	C0009667
28383311	826	830	mean	T081	C0444504
28383311	831	834	age	T032	C0001779
28383311	842	846	Mean	T081	C0444504
28383311	847	850	BMI	T201	C1305855
28383311	877	882	obese	T047	C0028754
28383311	884	887	BMI	T201	C1305855
28383311	912	914	CI	T081	C0009667
28383311	925	938	Approximately	T080	C0332232
28383311	952	960	MSK pain	T033	C0026858
28383311	962	965	LBP	T184	C0024031
28383311	979	981	CI	T081	C0009667
28383311	992	996	mean	T081	C0444504
28383311	1007	1016	knee pain	T033	C0231749
28383311	1030	1032	CI	T081	C0009667
28383311	1042	1046	mean	T081	C0444504
28383311	1067	1072	obese	T047	C0028754
28383311	1077	1087	multi-site	T082	C1254362
28383311	1088	1092	pain	T184	C0030193
28383311	1093	1101	patients	T101	C0030705
28383311	1106	1111	lower	T052	C2003888
28383311	1112	1115	QoL	T078	C0034380
28383311	1120	1137	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28383311	1138	1144	levels	T080	C0441889
28383311	1146	1153	reduced	T080	C0392756
28383311	1154	1159	sleep	T040	C0037313
28383311	1165	1171	poorer	T080	C2700379
28383311	1172	1189	physical function	T033	C0516981
28383311	1195	1199	less	T080	C0547044
28383311	1200	1205	obese	T047	C0028754
28383311	1206	1214	patients	T101	C0030705
28383311	1225	1232	without	T080	C0332288
28383311	1233	1237	pain	T184	C0030193
28383311	1248	1261	Relationships	T080	C0439849
28383311	1281	1292	demographic	T090	C0011298
28383311	1294	1298	pain	T184	C0030193
28383311	1300	1311	self-report	T062	C0681906
28383311	1313	1326	psychological	T169	C0205486
28383311	1332	1342	functional	T169	C0205245
28383311	1343	1351	measures	T081	C0079809
28383311	1362	1370	Patients	T101	C0030705
28383311	1375	1392	slept fewer hours	T033	C0243095
28383311	1401	1407	poorer	T080	C2700379
28383311	1408	1427	functional outcomes	T033	C0243095
28383311	1453	1456	LBP	T184	C0024031
28383311	1458	1466	patients	T101	C0030705
28383311	1476	1484	divorced	T033	C0086170
28383311	1490	1495	lower	T052	C2003888
28383311	1496	1499	QoL	T078	C0034380
28383311	1510	1518	frequent	T079	C0332183
28383311	1519	1527	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28383311	1553	1562	knee pain	T033	C0231749
28383311	1573	1583	Multi-site	T082	C1254362
28383311	1584	1592	MSK pain	T033	C0026858
28383311	1596	1605	prevalent	T081	C0220900
28383311	1610	1616	severe	T080	C0205082
28383311	1620	1625	obese	T047	C0028754
28383311	1626	1634	patients	T101	C0030705
28383311	1642	1652	negatively	T033	C1513916
28383311	1653	1668	associated with	T080	C0332281
28383311	1690	1709	functional outcomes	T033	C0243095
28383311	1721	1731	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28383311	1741	1756	pain management	T061	C0002766
28383311	1792	1800	treating	T061	C0087111
28383311	1801	1808	obesity	T047	C0028754

28383652|t|Th1 and Innate Lymphoid Cells accumulate in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis - associated Inflammatory Bowel Disease
28383652|a|Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an idiopathic chronic disorder of the hepatobiliary system associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), mainly ulcerative colitis (UC). Colitis in patients with PSC and UC (PSC - UC) exhibits characteristic features and is linked to increased colon cancer risk. Genetic studies have identified immune - related susceptibility genes that only partially overlap with those involved in IBD. These observations suggest that PSC - UC may represent a distinct form of IBD. It remains to be elucidated whether different immune-mechanisms are involved in colitis in these patients. We aimed to evaluate systemic and intestinal T-cell and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) responses, previously associated to IBD, in patients with PSC - UC compared to patients with UC and healthy controls. Blood samples and colorectal biopsies were collected from patients with PSC - UC, patients with UC and healthy controls. T-cell and ILC phenotype was analysed by multicolour flow cytometry. Chemokine receptor (CCR) profiling of circulating T-cell s showed decreased CCR6-CXCR3+ Th1 cells in PSC - UC, but increased CCR6-CCR4+ Th2 cells only in UC, while increased CCR6+CCR4+ Th17 cells were found in both patient groups compared to healthy controls. Increased frequencies of IFN-γ secreting T-cells were found in the colon of patients with PSC - UC compared to UC. Interestingly, we observed accumulation of ILC in the colon in PSC - UC. Our study suggests that PSC - UC represent a different immunological disorder from UC, characterised by increased intestinal Th1 and ILC responses. These results provide further evidence that PSC - UC may represent a distinct form of IBD.
28383652	0	3	Th1	T025	C0242632
28383652	8	29	Innate Lymphoid Cells	T025	C0086574
28383652	30	40	accumulate	T169	C0205245
28383652	44	74	Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis	T047	C0566602
28383652	77	87	associated	T080	C0332281
28383652	88	114	Inflammatory Bowel Disease	T047	C0021390
28383652	115	145	Primary sclerosing cholangitis	T047	C0566602
28383652	147	150	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	158	185	idiopathic chronic disorder	T047	C0008679
28383652	193	213	hepatobiliary system	T022	C1711359
28383652	214	224	associated	T080	C0332281
28383652	230	256	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
28383652	258	261	IBD	T047	C0021390
28383652	271	289	ulcerative colitis	T047	C0009324
28383652	291	293	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	296	303	Colitis	T047	C0009324
28383652	307	315	patients	T101	C0030705
28383652	321	324	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	329	331	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	333	336	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	339	341	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	352	375	characteristic features	T080	C1521970
28383652	393	420	increased colon cancer risk	T033	C4295579
28383652	422	437	Genetic studies	T062	C2827447
28383652	443	453	identified	T080	C0205396
28383652	454	460	immune	T169	C0439662
28383652	463	470	related	T169	C1552599
28383652	471	485	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28383652	486	491	genes	T028	C0017337
28383652	502	511	partially	T081	C0728938
28383652	512	519	overlap	T079	C1948020
28383652	543	546	IBD	T047	C0021390
28383652	554	566	observations	T058	C0700325
28383652	580	583	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	586	588	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	622	625	IBD	T047	C0021390
28383652	663	672	different	T080	C1705242
28383652	673	690	immune-mechanisms	T033	C0243095
28383652	707	714	colitis	T047	C0009324
28383652	724	732	patients	T101	C0030705
28383652	746	754	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28383652	755	763	systemic	T169	C0205373
28383652	768	778	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28383652	779	785	T-cell	T025	C0039194
28383652	790	810	innate lymphoid cell	T025	C0086574
28383652	812	815	ILC	T025	C0086574
28383652	817	826	responses	T043	C0007613
28383652	839	849	associated	T080	C0332281
28383652	853	856	IBD	T047	C0021390
28383652	861	869	patients	T101	C0030705
28383652	875	878	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	881	883	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	896	904	patients	T101	C0030705
28383652	910	912	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	917	924	healthy	T080	C3898900
28383652	925	933	controls	T096	C0009932
28383652	935	948	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
28383652	953	963	colorectal	T082	C0555952
28383652	964	972	biopsies	T060	C0005558
28383652	978	987	collected	T078	C1516695
28383652	993	1001	patients	T101	C0030705
28383652	1007	1010	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	1013	1015	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	1017	1025	patients	T101	C0030705
28383652	1031	1033	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	1038	1045	healthy	T080	C3898900
28383652	1046	1054	controls	T096	C0009932
28383652	1056	1062	T-cell	T025	C0039194
28383652	1067	1070	ILC	T025	C0086574
28383652	1071	1080	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28383652	1085	1093	analysed	T062	C0936012
28383652	1097	1123	multicolour flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28383652	1125	1143	Chemokine receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0524914
28383652	1145	1148	CCR	T116,T129,T192	C0524914
28383652	1150	1159	profiling	T059	C0444680
28383652	1163	1174	circulating	T169	C0175630
28383652	1175	1181	T-cell	T025	C0039194
28383652	1191	1200	decreased	T081	C0205216
28383652	1201	1222	CCR6-CXCR3+ Th1 cells	T025	C0242632
28383652	1226	1229	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	1232	1234	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	1240	1249	increased	T081	C0205217
28383652	1250	1270	CCR6-CCR4+ Th2 cells	T025	C0242633
28383652	1279	1281	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	1289	1298	increased	T081	C0205217
28383652	1299	1320	CCR6+CCR4+ Th17 cells	T025	C2936411
28383652	1340	1347	patient	T101	C0030705
28383652	1348	1354	groups	T078	C0441833
28383652	1367	1374	healthy	T080	C3898900
28383652	1375	1383	controls	T096	C0009932
28383652	1385	1394	Increased	T081	C0205217
28383652	1395	1406	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28383652	1410	1415	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28383652	1416	1425	secreting	T043	C1327616
28383652	1426	1433	T-cells	T025	C0039194
28383652	1452	1457	colon	T023	C0009368
28383652	1461	1469	patients	T101	C0030705
28383652	1475	1478	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	1481	1483	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	1496	1498	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	1527	1539	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28383652	1543	1546	ILC	T025	C0086574
28383652	1554	1559	colon	T023	C0009368
28383652	1563	1566	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	1569	1571	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	1577	1582	study	T062	C2603343
28383652	1597	1600	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	1603	1605	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	1618	1627	different	T080	C1705242
28383652	1628	1650	immunological disorder	T047	C0021053
28383652	1656	1658	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	1677	1686	increased	T081	C0205217
28383652	1687	1697	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28383652	1698	1701	Th1	T025	C0242632
28383652	1706	1709	ILC	T025	C0086574
28383652	1710	1719	responses	T043	C0007613
28383652	1751	1759	evidence	T078	C3887511
28383652	1765	1768	PSC	T047	C0566602
28383652	1771	1773	UC	T047	C0009324
28383652	1807	1810	IBD	T047	C0021390

28384889|t|Correlates and Predictors of Resilience among Baccalaureate Nursing Students
28384889|a|A growing body of literature recognizes the importance of resilience in the nursing profession. Both mindfulness and resilience aid in handling stress, stress increases the risk of rumination and/or worry especially in females and they are more empathetic than other healthcare students. To identify correlates and predictors of the resilience among nursing students. This is a descriptive correlation study and we have recruited 194 participants (1-4(th) year B.Sc Nursing) from Government College of Nursing and NIMHANS College of Nursing in Bangalore, India. The following instruments were used to collect the data, Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI), Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ), Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Data was analysed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression analysis. Resilience is significantly correlated with mindfulness, perseverative thinking and empathy in nursing students. Based on regression analysis this model accounted for almost 33% of variance in resilience. This result is of interest as mindfulness alone explained 23% of the variance and unproductive Repeated Negative Thinking (RNT) and RNT consuming mental capacity predicted 8% and 2% respectively. These results support the importance of resilience and mindfulness in nursing students. Hence, resilience and/or mindfulness enhancing interventions should be inculcated in nursing education.
28384889	0	10	Correlates	T041	C0871178
28384889	15	25	Predictors	T078	C2698872
28384889	29	39	Resilience	T055	C0679688
28384889	46	76	Baccalaureate Nursing Students	T097	C0038496
28384889	95	105	literature	T170	C0023866
28384889	121	131	importance	T080	C3898777
28384889	135	145	resilience	T055	C0679688
28384889	153	171	nursing profession	T091	C0028677
28384889	178	189	mindfulness	T041	C3542996
28384889	194	204	resilience	T055	C0679688
28384889	212	227	handling stress	T169	C2371328
28384889	229	235	stress	T033	C0038435
28384889	236	245	increases	T169	C0442805
28384889	250	254	risk	T078	C0035647
28384889	258	268	rumination	T048	C0154575
28384889	276	281	worry	T033	C0233481
28384889	296	303	females	T032	C0086287
28384889	322	332	empathetic	T055	C0013989
28384889	344	363	healthcare students	T097	C1522486
28384889	377	387	correlates	T041	C0871178
28384889	392	402	predictors	T078	C2698872
28384889	410	420	resilience	T055	C0679688
28384889	427	443	nursing students	T097	C0038496
28384889	467	484	correlation study	T062,T170	C0010101
28384889	497	506	recruited	T058	C0515287
28384889	511	523	participants	T098	C0679646
28384889	533	537	year	T079	C0439234
28384889	538	550	B.Sc Nursing	T065	C0013638
28384889	557	586	Government College of Nursing	T073	C0557806
28384889	591	617	NIMHANS College of Nursing	T073	C0557806
28384889	621	630	Bangalore	T083	C0017446
28384889	632	637	India	T083	C0021201
28384889	653	664	instruments	T073	C0699733
28384889	678	694	collect the data	T062	C0010995
28384889	696	726	Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory	T170	C0282574
28384889	728	731	FMI	T170	C0282574
28384889	734	763	Toronto Empathy Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28384889	765	768	TEQ	T170	C0034394
28384889	771	807	Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28384889	809	812	PTQ	T170	C0034394
28384889	818	850	Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale	T170	C0282574
28384889	852	859	CD-RISC	T170	C0282574
28384889	862	866	Data	T078	C1511726
28384889	871	879	analysed	T062	C0936012
28384889	886	912	Pearson's correlation test	T169	C0039593
28384889	917	945	multiple regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28384889	947	957	Resilience	T055	C0679688
28384889	975	985	correlated	T080	C1707520
28384889	991	1002	mindfulness	T041	C3542996
28384889	1004	1026	perseverative thinking	UnknownType	C0679047
28384889	1031	1038	empathy	T055	C0013989
28384889	1042	1058	nursing students	T097	C0038496
28384889	1069	1088	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28384889	1094	1099	model	T170	C3161035
28384889	1128	1136	variance	T080	C1711260
28384889	1140	1150	resilience	T055	C0679688
28384889	1157	1163	result	T169	C1274040
28384889	1182	1193	mindfulness	T041	C3542996
28384889	1221	1229	variance	T080	C1711260
28384889	1247	1273	Repeated Negative Thinking	T041	C0424134
28384889	1275	1278	RNT	T041	C0424134
28384889	1284	1287	RNT	T041	C0424134
28384889	1354	1361	results	T169	C1274040
28384889	1388	1398	resilience	T055	C0679688
28384889	1403	1414	mindfulness	T041	C3542996
28384889	1418	1434	nursing students	T097	C0038496
28384889	1443	1453	resilience	T055	C0679688
28384889	1461	1472	mindfulness	T041	C3542996
28384889	1473	1482	enhancing	T052	C2349975
28384889	1483	1496	interventions	T061	C0184661
28384889	1507	1517	inculcated	T169	C0205245
28384889	1521	1538	nursing education	T065	C0013636

28384898|t|Primary Management and Outcome - Open Laryngotracheal Trauma
28384898|a|Acute external injury to the larynx is both life threatening and a potential long term management challenge. As Otorhinolaryngologist we must be prepared and well versed to manage these patients. In our study seven patients of open laryngeal traumas were managed by primary closure. In five patients nature of injury was known in other two patients exact nature of injury was not known. After primary closure five patients with known injury survived and two patients with unknown injury died. As per our experience, we recommend primary closure, if the exact nature of injury is known as the outcome is definitely favourable.
28384898	0	7	Primary	T080	C0205225
28384898	8	18	Management	T058	C0376636
28384898	23	30	Outcome	T169	C1274040
28384898	33	60	Open Laryngotracheal Trauma	T037	C0339881
28384898	61	66	Acute	T079	C0205178
28384898	67	82	external injury	T080	C0443212
28384898	90	96	larynx	T023	C0023078
28384898	105	121	life threatening	T033	C2826244
28384898	138	147	long term	T079	C0443252
28384898	148	158	management	T170	C0680830
28384898	173	194	Otorhinolaryngologist	T097	C0334893
28384898	247	255	patients	T101	C0030705
28384898	276	284	patients	T101	C0030705
28384898	288	310	open laryngeal traumas	T037	C0339881
28384898	327	342	primary closure	T061	C0441503
28384898	352	360	patients	T101	C0030705
28384898	361	377	nature of injury	T037	C0449499
28384898	401	409	patients	T101	C0030705
28384898	416	432	nature of injury	T037	C0449499
28384898	454	469	primary closure	T061	C0441503
28384898	475	483	patients	T101	C0030705
28384898	495	501	injury	T037	C3263723
28384898	502	510	survived	T052	C0038952
28384898	519	527	patients	T101	C0030705
28384898	541	547	injury	T037	C3263723
28384898	548	552	died	T040	C0011065
28384898	565	575	experience	T033	C0557355
28384898	590	605	primary closure	T061	C0441503
28384898	620	636	nature of injury	T037	C0449499
28384898	653	660	outcome	T169	C1274040
28384898	675	685	favourable	T033	C0278250

28385001|t|Comparative kinematic gait analysis in young and old Beagle dogs
28385001|a|Age-related involution in dogs involves loss of muscle mass and changes in connective tissue and articular cartilage. The aim of this study was to examine whether an age-related influence on joint mobility can be detected in the absence of diseases. Five young (Ø 2.0 years) and five old (Ø 10.4 years) healthy and sound Beagle dogs were measured during locomotion on a treadmill by computer-assisted gait analysis. Angles of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle and tarsal joints were analyzed, including joint angle progression curves, minimum and maximum joint angles and range of motion (ROM). The old group showed a smaller maximum joint angle (p = 0.037) and ROM (p = 0.037) of the carpal joint and similar tendencies in the shoulder, elbow and carpal joint. The descriptive analysis of the progression curves revealed less flexion and extension of the joints of the forelimb. This indicates restricted joint mobility of the forelimb but primarily of the carpal joint. Findings in the joints of the hindlimb were not consistent; contrasting alterations may be due to a compensatory mechanism. As most alterations were found in the distal joints, these should receive particular attention when examining elderly dogs.
28385001	12	35	kinematic gait analysis	T060	C0558820
28385001	39	44	young	T079	C0332239
28385001	49	52	old	T079	C0580836
28385001	53	64	Beagle dogs	T015	C1296765
28385001	65	76	Age-related	T079	C0851454
28385001	77	87	involution	T040	C0333953
28385001	91	95	dogs	T015	C1296765
28385001	105	124	loss of muscle mass	T033	C1837108
28385001	140	157	connective tissue	T024	C0009780
28385001	162	181	articular cartilage	T024	C0007303
28385001	212	219	examine	T033	C0332128
28385001	231	242	age-related	T079	C0851454
28385001	256	270	joint mobility	T033	C1820723
28385001	278	286	detected	T033	C0442726
28385001	294	301	absence	T169	C0332197
28385001	305	313	diseases	T047	C0012634
28385001	320	325	young	T079	C0332239
28385001	333	338	years	T079	C0439234
28385001	349	352	old	T079	C0580836
28385001	361	366	years	T079	C0439234
28385001	368	375	healthy	T080	C3898900
28385001	380	397	sound Beagle dogs	T015	C1296765
28385001	403	411	measured	T080	C0444706
28385001	419	429	locomotion	T040	C0023946
28385001	435	444	treadmill	T073	C0184069
28385001	448	465	computer-assisted	T059	C2362103
28385001	466	479	gait analysis	T060	C0558820
28385001	481	487	Angles	T082	C0205143
28385001	495	503	shoulder	T030	C0037009
28385001	505	510	elbow	T030	C0013770
28385001	512	518	carpal	T030	C1262468
28385001	520	523	hip	T030	C0019558
28385001	525	531	stifle	T030	C1456798
28385001	536	549	tarsal joints	T030	C1527245
28385001	555	563	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28385001	575	605	joint angle progression curves	T081	C0392762
28385001	607	614	minimum	T080	C1524031
28385001	619	626	maximum	T081	C0806909
28385001	627	632	joint	T030	C0022417
28385001	633	639	angles	T082	C0205143
28385001	644	659	range of motion	T201	C2607871
28385001	661	664	ROM	T201	C2607871
28385001	671	674	old	T079	C0580836
28385001	675	680	group	T096	C0681850
28385001	706	711	joint	T030	C0022417
28385001	712	717	angle	T082	C0205143
28385001	734	737	ROM	T201	C2607871
28385001	757	769	carpal joint	T030	C1262468
28385001	800	808	shoulder	T030	C0037009
28385001	810	815	elbow	T030	C0013770
28385001	820	832	carpal joint	T030	C1262468
28385001	838	858	descriptive analysis	T170	C0678257
28385001	866	884	progression curves	T081	C0392762
28385001	894	906	less flexion	T033	C0231455
28385001	911	920	extension	T169	C0231448
28385001	928	934	joints	T030	C0022417
28385001	942	950	forelimb	T029	C0016555
28385001	967	977	restricted	T169	C0443288
28385001	978	992	joint mobility	T033	C1820723
28385001	1000	1008	forelimb	T029	C0016555
28385001	1030	1042	carpal joint	T030	C1262468
28385001	1044	1052	Findings	T169	C2607943
28385001	1060	1066	joints	T030	C0022417
28385001	1074	1082	hindlimb	T023	C1522391
28385001	1092	1102	consistent	T078	C0332290
28385001	1116	1127	alterations	T078	C1515926
28385001	1144	1156	compensatory	T169	C0231186
28385001	1157	1166	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28385001	1176	1187	alterations	T078	C1515926
28385001	1193	1198	found	T033	C0150312
28385001	1206	1219	distal joints	T030	C0224640
28385001	1242	1262	particular attention	T041	C0589098
28385001	1278	1290	elderly dogs	T015	C1296765

28385075|t|Propensity Score Matched Comparison of Partial to Whole Gland Cryotherapy for Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: An analysis of the COLD registry data
28385075|a|To compare the oncological and functional outcomes of partial versus whole - gland cryotherapy for men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with primary prostate cryotherapy from 1993-2013 were selected from the Cryo On-Line Data Registry for a 1:1 matched comparison between those undergoing whole - gland and partial prostate cryotherapy (targeted-ablation, unilateral/bilateral nerve-sparing ablations). A propensity score was developed based on age, pre-biopsy serum PSA, biopsy Gleason score, clinical stage, prostate volume, neoadjuvant androgen deprivation status, year of surgery and pre-treatment potency. Outcomes were biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS) using ASTRO and Phoenix criteria, 12-month continence (strictly pad-free) and sexual function (potency sufficient for sexual intercourse). After propensity score - matching, BPFS was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis and functional outcomes using chi-square tests. In all, 897 men were identified (731 whole - gland and 166 partial). Post-matching, 166 pairs of men were analysed (mean follow-up 31 months). The 2/5 year BPFS rate was 87.2%/76.4% for whole - gland vs. 80.7%/70.0% for partial ablation using Phoenix (p=0.26) and 72.3%/69.6% for whole gland vs. 82.1%/75.0% for partial ablation using ASTRO criteria (p=0.10). Of 164 pairs, the 12-month continence rate was similar 94.1% vs. 95.1% (p=0.803). Of 139 pairs, the 12-month rate of successful intercourse was 29.5% for whole - gland and 46.8% for partial ablation (OR 2.1, p=0.003). The incidence of post-treatment urinary retention was 6.0% and 6.6% (p=0.88) following whole - gland and partial ablation respectively and that of rectourethral fistula was 1.2% and 0% (p=0.50) Conclusion: Partial ablation results in better post-treatment sexual function compared to whole - gland ablation in men with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. We did not observe a difference in early BPFS between the two groups.
28385075	0	16	Propensity Score	T081	C2718044
28385075	25	35	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28385075	39	46	Partial	T081	C0728938
28385075	50	55	Whole	T081	C0444667
28385075	56	61	Gland	T023	C0033572
28385075	62	73	Cryotherapy	T061	C3544233
28385075	78	95	Intermediate-Risk	T033	C3640764
28385075	96	111	Prostate Cancer	T191	C0376358
28385075	116	124	analysis	T062	C0936012
28385075	132	150	COLD registry data	T170	C0282574
28385075	166	177	oncological	T191	C0027651
28385075	182	192	functional	T169	C0205245
28385075	193	201	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28385075	205	212	partial	T081	C0728938
28385075	220	225	whole	T081	C0444667
28385075	228	233	gland	T023	C0033572
28385075	234	245	cryotherapy	T061	C3544233
28385075	250	253	men	T098	C0025266
28385075	259	276	intermediate-risk	T033	C3640764
28385075	277	292	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28385075	294	297	Men	T098	C0025266
28385075	303	320	intermediate-risk	T033	C3640764
28385075	321	336	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28385075	337	349	treated with	T061	C0332293
28385075	350	357	primary	T080	C0205225
28385075	358	378	prostate cryotherapy	T061	C3544233
28385075	417	443	Cryo On-Line Data Registry	T170	C0282574
28385075	454	461	matched	T062	C0150103
28385075	462	472	comparison	T052	C1707455
28385075	498	503	whole	T081	C0444667
28385075	506	511	gland	T023	C0033572
28385075	516	523	partial	T081	C0728938
28385075	524	544	prostate cryotherapy	T061	C3544233
28385075	546	563	targeted-ablation	T061	C0547070
28385075	565	609	unilateral/bilateral nerve-sparing ablations	T061	C0547070
28385075	614	630	propensity score	T081	C2718044
28385075	654	657	age	T032	C0001779
28385075	659	675	pre-biopsy serum	T031	C0229671
28385075	676	679	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28385075	681	701	biopsy Gleason score	T033	C2123503
28385075	703	717	clinical stage	T079	C0205563
28385075	719	734	prostate volume	T081	C1441416
28385075	736	768	neoadjuvant androgen deprivation	T061	C1515985
28385075	769	775	status	T080	C0449438
28385075	777	781	year	T079	C0439234
28385075	785	792	surgery	T061	C0543467
28385075	797	810	pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
28385075	820	828	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
28385075	834	845	biochemical	T170	C3897727
28385075	846	871	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
28385075	873	877	BPFS	T081	C0242792
28385075	885	890	ASTRO	T170	C0935549
28385075	895	911	Phoenix criteria	T170	C0935549
28385075	922	932	continence	T040	C0542565
28385075	957	972	sexual function	T040	C0278092
28385075	982	992	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28385075	997	1015	sexual intercourse	T040	C0009253
28385075	1024	1040	propensity score	T081	C2718044
28385075	1043	1051	matching	T062	C0150103
28385075	1053	1057	BPFS	T081	C0242792
28385075	1062	1070	compared	T052	C1707455
28385075	1077	1098	Kaplan-Meier analysis	T081	C1720943
28385075	1103	1113	functional	T169	C0205245
28385075	1114	1122	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28385075	1129	1145	chi-square tests	T170	C0008041
28385075	1159	1162	men	T098	C0025266
28385075	1168	1178	identified	T080	C0205396
28385075	1184	1189	whole	T081	C0444667
28385075	1192	1197	gland	T023	C0033572
28385075	1206	1213	partial	T081	C0728938
28385075	1216	1229	Post-matching	T079	C1254367
28385075	1244	1247	men	T098	C0025266
28385075	1253	1261	analysed	T062	C0936012
28385075	1268	1277	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28385075	1303	1307	BPFS	T081	C0242792
28385075	1308	1312	rate	T081	C1521828
28385075	1333	1338	whole	T081	C0444667
28385075	1341	1346	gland	T023	C0033572
28385075	1367	1374	partial	T081	C0728938
28385075	1375	1383	ablation	T061	C0547070
28385075	1390	1397	Phoenix	T170	C0935549
28385075	1427	1432	whole	T081	C0444667
28385075	1433	1438	gland	T023	C0033572
28385075	1459	1466	partial	T081	C0728938
28385075	1467	1475	ablation	T061	C0547070
28385075	1482	1487	ASTRO	T170	C0935549
28385075	1534	1544	continence	T040	C0542565
28385075	1545	1549	rate	T081	C1521828
28385075	1554	1561	similar	T080	C2348205
28385075	1624	1634	successful	T080	C1272703
28385075	1635	1646	intercourse	T040	C0009253
28385075	1661	1666	whole	T081	C0444667
28385075	1669	1674	gland	T023	C0033572
28385075	1689	1696	partial	T081	C0728938
28385075	1697	1705	ablation	T061	C0547070
28385075	1729	1738	incidence	T081	C0021149
28385075	1742	1756	post-treatment	T079	C2709088
28385075	1757	1774	urinary retention	T033	C0080274
28385075	1812	1817	whole	T081	C0444667
28385075	1820	1825	gland	T023	C0033572
28385075	1830	1837	partial	T081	C0728938
28385075	1838	1846	ablation	T061	C0547070
28385075	1872	1893	rectourethral fistula	T047	C0268875
28385075	1931	1938	Partial	T081	C0728938
28385075	1939	1947	ablation	T061	C0547070
28385075	1948	1955	results	T033	C0808233
28385075	1959	1965	better	T080	C0332272
28385075	1966	1980	post-treatment	T079	C2709088
28385075	1981	1996	sexual function	T040	C0278092
28385075	1997	2005	compared	T052	C1707455
28385075	2009	2014	whole	T081	C0444667
28385075	2017	2022	gland	T023	C0033572
28385075	2023	2031	ablation	T061	C0547070
28385075	2035	2038	men	T098	C0025266
28385075	2044	2061	intermediate-risk	T033	C3640764
28385075	2062	2077	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28385075	2114	2119	early	T079	C1279919
28385075	2120	2124	BPFS	T081	C0242792
28385075	2141	2147	groups	T078	C0441833

28385178|t|Epidemiology and outcomes of injuries in Kenya: A multisite surveillance study
28385178|a|Injury is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide, accounting for over 5 million deaths each year. The injury burden is higher in low- and middle-income countries where more than 90% of injury -related deaths occur. Despite this burden, the use of prospective trauma registries to describe injury epidemiology and outcomes is limited in low- and middle-income countries. Kenya lacks robust data to describe injury epidemiology and care. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and outcomes of injuries at 4 referral hospitals in Kenya using hospital -based trauma registries. From January 2014 to May 2015, all injured patients presenting to the casualty departments of Kenyatta National, Thika Level 5, Machakos Level 5, and Meru Level 5 Hospitals were enrolled prospectively. Data collected included demographic characteristics, type of prehospital care received, prehospital time, injury pattern, and outcomes. A total of 14,237 patients were enrolled in our study. Patients were predominantly male (76.1%) and young (mean age 28 years). The most common mechanisms of injury were road traffic injuries (36.8%), falls (26.4%), and being struck/hit by a person or object (20.1%). Burn was the most common mechanism of injury in the age category under 5 years. Body regions commonly injured were lower extremity (35.1%), upper extremity (33.4%), and head (26.0%). The overall mortality rate was 2.4%. Significant predictors of mortality from multivariate analysis were Glasgow Coma Scale ≤12, estimated injury severity score ≥9, burns, and gunshot injuries. Hospital -based trauma registries can be important sources of data to study the epidemiology of injuries in low- and middle-income countries. Data from such trauma registries can highlight key needs and be used to design public health interventions and quality-of-care improvement programs.
28385178	0	12	Epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28385178	17	25	outcomes	T057	C0085565
28385178	29	37	injuries	T037	C0178314
28385178	41	46	Kenya	T083	C0022558
28385178	50	78	multisite surveillance study	T057	C0681625
28385178	79	85	Injury	T037	C0178314
28385178	108	118	disability	T033	C0231170
28385178	123	128	death	T033	C1306577
28385178	170	176	deaths	T033	C1306577
28385178	182	186	year	T079	C0439234
28385178	192	198	injury	T037	C0178314
28385178	199	205	burden	T078	C2828008
28385178	219	251	low- and middle-income countries	T083	C0454664
28385178	275	281	injury	T037	C0178314
28385178	275	297	injury -related deaths	T033	C1306577
28385178	318	324	burden	T078	C2828008
28385178	349	355	trauma	T037	C3714660
28385178	356	366	registries	T170	C0920465
28385178	379	385	injury	T037	C0178314
28385178	386	398	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28385178	403	411	outcomes	T057	C0085565
28385178	426	458	low- and middle-income countries	T083	C0454664
28385178	460	465	Kenya	T083	C0022558
28385178	479	483	data	T078	C1511726
28385178	496	502	injury	T037	C0178314
28385178	503	515	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28385178	520	524	care	T052	C1947933
28385178	530	539	objective	T170	C0018017
28385178	548	553	study	T062	C0002783
28385178	561	572	investigate	T169	C1292732
28385178	577	589	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28385178	594	602	outcomes	T057	C0085565
28385178	606	614	injuries	T037	C0178314
28385178	620	638	referral hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28385178	642	647	Kenya	T083	C0022558
28385178	654	662	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28385178	670	676	trauma	T037	C3714660
28385178	677	687	registries	T170	C0920465
28385178	694	701	January	T080	C3829466
28385178	710	713	May	T079	C3812381
28385178	724	740	injured patients	T101	C0030705
28385178	759	779	casualty departments	T073,T093	C0562508
28385178	783	800	Kenyatta National	T073,T093	C0019994
28385178	802	815	Thika Level 5	T073,T093	C0019994
28385178	817	833	Machakos Level 5	T073,T093	C0019994
28385178	839	861	Meru Level 5 Hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28385178	891	905	Data collected	T062	C0010995
28385178	915	942	demographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28385178	944	948	type	T080	C0332307
28385178	952	968	prehospital care	T058	C2735050
28385178	969	977	received	T080	C1514756
28385178	979	995	prehospital time	T079	C0040223
28385178	997	1011	injury pattern	T037	C0178314
28385178	1017	1025	outcomes	T057	C0085565
28385178	1045	1053	patients	T101	C0030705
28385178	1082	1090	Patients	T101	C0030705
28385178	1110	1114	male	T032	C0086582
28385178	1127	1132	young	T079	C0332239
28385178	1134	1142	mean age	T032	C0001779
28385178	1146	1151	years	T079	C0439234
28385178	1170	1190	mechanisms of injury	T169	C0449413
28385178	1196	1200	road	T073	C0442650
28385178	1201	1217	traffic injuries	T037	C0178314
28385178	1227	1232	falls	T037	C0000921
28385178	1252	1265	struck/hit by	T169	C0332159
28385178	1268	1274	person	T098	C0027361
28385178	1278	1284	object	T072	C0347997
28385178	1294	1298	Burn	T037	C0006434
28385178	1319	1338	mechanism of injury	T169	C0449413
28385178	1346	1349	age	T032	C0001779
28385178	1350	1358	category	T170	C0683312
28385178	1367	1372	years	T079	C0439234
28385178	1374	1386	Body regions	T029	C0005898
28385178	1396	1403	injured	T169	C0332664
28385178	1409	1424	lower extremity	T023	C0023216
28385178	1434	1449	upper extremity	T023	C1140618
28385178	1463	1467	head	T029	C0018670
28385178	1489	1503	mortality rate	T081	C0205848
28385178	1514	1536	Significant predictors	T078	C2698872
28385178	1540	1549	mortality	T081	C0205848
28385178	1555	1576	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28385178	1582	1604	Glasgow Coma Scale ≤12	T033	C0278173
28385178	1616	1637	injury severity score	T170	C0021504
28385178	1642	1647	burns	T037	C0006434
28385178	1653	1669	gunshot injuries	T037	C0043252
28385178	1671	1679	Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28385178	1687	1693	trauma	T037	C3714660
28385178	1694	1704	registries	T170	C0920465
28385178	1722	1737	sources of data	T081	C0011001
28385178	1741	1763	study the epidemiology	T062	C0002783
28385178	1767	1775	injuries	T037	C0178314
28385178	1779	1811	low- and middle-income countries	T083	C0454664
28385178	1813	1817	Data	T078	C1511726
28385178	1828	1834	trauma	T037	C3714660
28385178	1835	1845	registries	T170	C0920465
28385178	1892	1898	public	T092	C0678367
28385178	1899	1905	health	T078	C0018684
28385178	1906	1919	interventions	T061	C0184661
28385178	1924	1960	quality-of-care improvement programs	T058	C1254363

28385594|t|Synthesis of 4(3H)quinazolinimines with selective cytotoxic effect on human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells
28385594|a|We synthesized a new family of six 4(3H)quinazolinimines based on the reaction between (E)-N-(2-cyanophenyl)benzimidoyl chloride and substituted anilines reaching the formation of their corresponding C2, N3-substituted quinazoliniminium chlorides. This method provides novel, direct and flexible access to diverse substituted 4(3H)quinazolinimines. New compounds obtained following the proposed synthesis were fully characterized and, including the thirteen 4(3H)quinazolinimines synthesized by this method and previously reported by us, were used to study its cytotoxic effect on neoplastic cell lines. The mechanism involved in cell toxicity was also studied. Results showed that these compounds were highly cytotoxic, in particular on Human Promyelocytic Leukemia cells (HL60) and Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia cells (K562) when compared with conventional antineoplastic drugs such as etoposide and cisplatin. The mechanism associated to cytotoxic effect was mainly apoptosis, which not was decreased by antioxidant addition, thereby suggesting that the compounds exert apoptotic death through a mechanism unrelated with oxidative stress.
28385594	0	9	Synthesis	T070	C0007987
28385594	13	34	4(3H)quinazolinimines	T121	C1254351
28385594	40	66	selective cytotoxic effect	T049	C0596402
28385594	76	104	acute promyelocytic leukemia	T191	C0023487
28385594	105	110	cells	T025	C0007634
28385594	114	125	synthesized	T070	C0007987
28385594	146	167	4(3H)quinazolinimines	T109	C0034407
28385594	181	197	reaction between	T067	C0596319
28385594	198	239	(E)-N-(2-cyanophenyl)benzimidoyl chloride	T109	C0029224
28385594	244	264	substituted anilines	T109	C0003038
28385594	311	357	C2, N3-substituted quinazoliniminium chlorides	T121	C1254351
28385594	380	385	novel	T080	C0205314
28385594	398	413	flexible access	T080	C0443220
28385594	437	458	4(3H)quinazolinimines	T121	C1254351
28385594	464	473	compounds	T103	C1706082
28385594	483	492	following	T079	C0332282
28385594	497	505	proposed	T080	C1553874
28385594	506	515	synthesis	T070	C0007987
28385594	527	540	characterized	T052	C1880022
28385594	546	555	including	T169	C0332257
28385594	569	590	4(3H)quinazolinimines	T109	C0034407
28385594	591	602	synthesized	T070	C0007987
28385594	622	641	previously reported	T170	C0023866
28385594	662	667	study	T062	C0008972
28385594	672	688	cytotoxic effect	T049	C0596402
28385594	692	713	neoplastic cell lines	T025	C0597032
28385594	719	728	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28385594	729	737	involved	T169	C1314939
28385594	741	754	cell toxicity	T049	C0596402
28385594	764	771	studied	T062	C0008972
28385594	799	808	compounds	T103	C1706082
28385594	814	820	highly	T080	C0205250
28385594	821	830	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
28385594	849	883	Human Promyelocytic Leukemia cells	T025	C0282549
28385594	885	889	HL60	T025	C0282549
28385594	895	929	Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia cells	T025	C0600432
28385594	931	935	K562	T025	C0600432
28385594	942	950	compared	T052	C1707455
28385594	969	989	antineoplastic drugs	T109,T121	C0003392
28385594	998	1007	etoposide	T109,T121	C0015133
28385594	1012	1021	cisplatin	T121,T197	C0008838
28385594	1027	1036	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28385594	1037	1047	associated	T080	C0332281
28385594	1051	1067	cytotoxic effect	T049	C0596402
28385594	1079	1088	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28385594	1104	1113	decreased	T081	C0205216
28385594	1117	1128	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28385594	1147	1157	suggesting	T078	C1705535
28385594	1167	1176	compounds	T121	C1254351
28385594	1183	1198	apoptotic death	T043	C0162638
28385594	1209	1218	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28385594	1219	1228	unrelated	T033	C0445356
28385594	1234	1250	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606

28385938|t|The recognition and incidence of peroneal tendon dislocation associated with a fracture of the talus
28385938|a|The purposes of this study were to clarify first, the incidence of peroneal tendon dislocation in patients with a fracture of the talus and second the factors associated with peroneal tendon dislocation. We retrospectively examined 30 patients (30 ankles) with a mean age of 37.5 years, who had undergone internal fixation for a fracture of the talus. Independent examiners assessed for peroneal tendon dislocation using the pre-operative CT images. The medical records were also reviewed for the presence of peroneal tendon dislocation. The associations between the presence of dislocation with the patient characteristics or radiological findings, including age, mechanism of injury, severity of fracture, and fleck sign, were assessed using Fisher's exact tests. The pre-operative CT images showed peroneal tendon dislocation in eight out of 30 patients. Dislocation was found later in one patient whose pre-operative CT image had not shown dislocation. The overall incidence of peroneal tendon dislocation was 30% (9/30). The presence of dislocation was associated with the presence of a fleck sign (p = 0.03). Surprisingly, approximately one-third of the patients who underwent internal fixation for a fracture of the talus had peroneal tendon dislocation. This was associated with a fleck sign. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:489-93.
28385938	20	29	incidence	T081	C0021149
28385938	33	48	peroneal tendon	T023	C0460149
28385938	49	60	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	61	76	associated with	T080	C0332281
28385938	79	87	fracture	T037	C0016658
28385938	95	100	talus	T023	C0039277
28385938	122	127	study	T062	C2603343
28385938	155	164	incidence	T081	C0021149
28385938	168	183	peroneal tendon	T023	C0460149
28385938	184	195	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	199	207	patients	T101	C0030705
28385938	215	223	fracture	T037	C0016658
28385938	231	236	talus	T023	C0039277
28385938	260	275	associated with	T080	C0332281
28385938	276	291	peroneal tendon	T023	C0460149
28385938	292	303	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	308	332	retrospectively examined	T062	C0035363
28385938	336	344	patients	T101	C0030705
28385938	349	355	ankles	T029	C0003086
28385938	369	372	age	T032	C0001779
28385938	381	386	years	T079	C0439234
28385938	406	423	internal fixation	T061	C0016642
28385938	430	438	fracture	T037	C0016658
28385938	446	451	talus	T023	C0039277
28385938	475	483	assessed	T052	C1516048
28385938	488	503	peroneal tendon	T023	C0460149
28385938	504	515	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	526	539	pre-operative	T079	C0445204
28385938	540	549	CT images	T060	C0040405
28385938	555	570	medical records	T170	C0025102
28385938	598	606	presence	T033	C0150312
28385938	610	625	peroneal tendon	T023	C0460149
28385938	626	637	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	668	676	presence	T033	C0150312
28385938	680	691	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	701	708	patient	T101	C0030705
28385938	709	724	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28385938	728	740	radiological	T060	C0807679
28385938	741	749	findings	T033	C0243095
28385938	761	764	age	T032	C0001779
28385938	766	785	mechanism of injury	T169	C0449413
28385938	787	795	severity	T080	C0439793
28385938	799	807	fracture	T037	C0016658
28385938	813	823	fleck sign	T033	C0311392
28385938	830	838	assessed	T052	C1516048
28385938	845	865	Fisher's exact tests	T170	C1708064
28385938	871	884	pre-operative	T079	C0445204
28385938	885	894	CT images	T060	C0040405
28385938	902	917	peroneal tendon	T023	C0460149
28385938	918	929	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	949	957	patients	T101	C0030705
28385938	959	970	Dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	994	1001	patient	T101	C0030705
28385938	1008	1021	pre-operative	T079	C0445204
28385938	1022	1030	CT image	T060	C0040405
28385938	1045	1056	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	1070	1079	incidence	T081	C0021149
28385938	1083	1098	peroneal tendon	T023	C0460149
28385938	1099	1110	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	1131	1139	presence	T033	C0150312
28385938	1143	1154	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	1159	1174	associated with	T080	C0332281
28385938	1179	1187	presence	T033	C0150312
28385938	1193	1203	fleck sign	T033	C0311392
28385938	1261	1269	patients	T101	C0030705
28385938	1284	1301	internal fixation	T061	C0016642
28385938	1308	1316	fracture	T037	C0016658
28385938	1324	1329	talus	T023	C0039277
28385938	1334	1349	peroneal tendon	T023	C0460149
28385938	1350	1361	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28385938	1372	1387	associated with	T080	C0332281
28385938	1390	1400	fleck sign	T033	C0311392

28386168|t|Differences between flocculating yeast and regular industrial yeast in transcription and metabolite profiling during ethanol fermentation
28386168|a|Objectives: To improve ethanolic fermentation performance of self-flocculating yeast, difference between a flocculating yeast strain and a regular industrial yeast strain was analyzed by transcriptional and metabolic approaches. Results: The number of down-regulated (industrial yeast YIC10 vs. flocculating yeast GIM2.71) and up-regulated genes were 4503 and 228, respectively. It is the economic regulation for YIC10 that non-essential genes were down-regulated, and cells put more " energy " into growth and ethanol production. Hexose transport and phosphorylation were not the limiting-steps in ethanol fermentation for GIM2.71 compared to YIC10, whereas the reaction of 1,3-disphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate, the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and its subsequent reduction to ethanol were the most limiting steps. GIM2.71 had stronger stress response than non-flocculating yeast and much more carbohydrate was distributed to other bypass, such as glycerol, acetate and trehalose synthesis. Conclusions: Differences between flocculating yeast and regular industrial yeast in transcription and metabolite profiling will provide clues for improving the fermentation performance of GIM2.71.
28386168	20	32	flocculating	T043	C0016243
28386168	33	38	yeast	T004	C0043393
28386168	51	61	industrial	T057	C0021267
28386168	62	67	yeast	T004	C0043393
28386168	71	84	transcription	T045	C0040649
28386168	89	109	metabolite profiling	T091	C1328813
28386168	117	124	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28386168	125	137	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28386168	161	170	ethanolic	T109,T121	C0001962
28386168	171	183	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28386168	199	216	self-flocculating	T043	C0016243
28386168	217	222	yeast	T004	C0043393
28386168	245	257	flocculating	T043	C0016243
28386168	258	270	yeast strain	T004	C0043393
28386168	285	295	industrial	T057	C0021267
28386168	296	308	yeast strain	T004	C0043393
28386168	325	340	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28386168	345	365	metabolic approaches	T040	C0005576
28386168	390	404	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
28386168	406	416	industrial	T057	C0021267
28386168	417	428	yeast YIC10	T004	C0043393
28386168	433	445	flocculating	T043	C0016243
28386168	446	459	yeast GIM2.71	T004	C0043393
28386168	465	477	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28386168	478	483	genes	T028	C0017337
28386168	527	546	economic regulation	UnknownType	C0683688
28386168	551	556	YIC10	T004	C0043393
28386168	562	581	non-essential genes	T028	C0017337
28386168	587	601	down-regulated	T044	C0013081
28386168	607	612	cells	T025	C0007634
28386168	624	630	energy	T081	C1442080
28386168	638	644	growth	T043	C0007595
28386168	649	656	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28386168	657	667	production	T057	C0033268
28386168	669	685	Hexose transport	T043	C1159521
28386168	690	705	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28386168	737	744	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28386168	745	757	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28386168	762	769	GIM2.71	T004	C0043393
28386168	782	787	YIC10	T004	C0043393
28386168	801	809	reaction	T169	C0443286
28386168	813	836	1,3-disphosphoglycerate	T109,T123	C0047701
28386168	840	858	3-phosphoglycerate	T109,T123	C0047701
28386168	864	879	decarboxylation	T070	C0011094
28386168	883	891	pyruvate	T109,T123	C0244104
28386168	895	907	acetaldehyde	T109	C0000966
28386168	927	936	reduction	T070	C0301630
28386168	940	947	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28386168	978	985	GIM2.71	T004	C0043393
28386168	999	1005	stress	T033	C0038435
28386168	1020	1036	non-flocculating	T043	C0016243
28386168	1037	1042	yeast	T004	C0043393
28386168	1057	1069	carbohydrate	T109	C0007004
28386168	1111	1119	glycerol	T109	C0768477
28386168	1121	1128	acetate	T109,T121	C0000975
28386168	1133	1142	trehalose	T109,T121,T123	C0040815
28386168	1143	1152	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28386168	1187	1199	flocculating	T043	C0016243
28386168	1200	1205	yeast	T004	C0043393
28386168	1218	1228	industrial	T057	C0021267
28386168	1229	1234	yeast	T004	C0043393
28386168	1238	1251	transcription	T045	C0040649
28386168	1256	1276	metabolite profiling	T091	C1328813
28386168	1314	1326	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28386168	1342	1349	GIM2.71	T004	C0043393

28386264|t|Factors Associated with Mortality in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in Bogota, Colombia
28386264|a|Patients with autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a challenge for the intensivist; it is hard to differentiate among infection, disease activity, and combinations of both, leading to high mortality. This study is a retrospective analysis of 124 critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in a university hospital between 2008 and 2016. Bivariate case-control analysis was performed, using patients who died as cases; later, analysis using a logistic regression model with variables that were associated with mortality was conducted. Four variables were consistently associated with mortality in the logistic regression model and had adequate prediction value (Hosmer and Lemeshow statistic = 0.760; Nagelkerke R-squared = 0.494). The risk of death was found to be statistically associated with the following: shock at admission to ICU [odds ratio (OR): 7.56; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.78-31.97, p = 0.006], hemoglobin level <8 g/dL (OR: 16.12; 95% CI: 3.35-77.52, p = 0.001), use of cytostatic agents prior to admission to the ICU (OR: 8.71; 95% CI: 1.23-61.5, p = 0.03), and low levels ofcomplement C3 (OR: 5.23; 95% CI: 1.28-21.35, p = 0.02). These variables can guide clinicians in the early identification of patients with AD with increased risk of death during hospitalization, leading to initial therapies seeking to improve survival. These results should be evaluated prospectively in future studies to establish their predictive power.
28386264	0	7	Factors	T169	C1521761
28386264	8	23	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28386264	24	33	Mortality	T081	C0205848
28386264	37	45	Patients	T101	C0030705
28386264	51	70	Autoimmune Diseases	T047	C0004364
28386264	71	106	Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit	T058	C0583239
28386264	110	116	Bogota	UnknownType	C0681784
28386264	118	126	Colombia	T083	C3245499
28386264	127	135	Patients	T101	C0030705
28386264	141	160	autoimmune diseases	T047	C0004364
28386264	162	165	ADs	T047	C0004364
28386264	191	202	intensivist	T097	C0334886
28386264	238	247	infection	T046	C3714514
28386264	249	265	disease activity	T046	C0242656
28386264	271	283	combinations	T080	C0205195
28386264	304	318	high mortality	T081	C0205848
28386264	336	358	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
28386264	377	389	ill patients	T033	C2010702
28386264	390	425	admitted to the intensive care unit	T058	C0583239
28386264	427	430	ICU	T073,T093	C0021708
28386264	437	456	university hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28386264	480	511	Bivariate case-control analysis	UnknownType	C0681927
28386264	533	541	patients	T101	C0030705
28386264	546	550	died	T040	C0011065
28386264	554	559	cases	T169	C0868928
28386264	568	576	analysis	T062	C0936012
28386264	585	610	logistic regression model	T081,T170	C0023965
28386264	616	625	variables	T080	C0439828
28386264	636	651	associated with	T080	C0332281
28386264	652	661	mortality	T081	C0205848
28386264	682	691	variables	T080	C0439828
28386264	710	725	associated with	T080	C0332281
28386264	726	735	mortality	T081	C0205848
28386264	743	768	logistic regression model	T081,T170	C0023965
28386264	786	796	prediction	T078	C0681842
28386264	797	802	value	T081	C1522609
28386264	804	833	Hosmer and Lemeshow statistic	T081	C0392762
28386264	843	863	Nagelkerke R-squared	T081	C0392762
28386264	878	882	risk	T058	C0086930
28386264	886	891	death	T040	C0011065
28386264	922	937	associated with	T080	C0332281
28386264	953	958	shock	T046	C0036974
28386264	962	978	admission to ICU	T058	C0583239
28386264	980	990	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28386264	992	994	OR	T081	C0028873
28386264	1007	1026	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28386264	1028	1030	CI	T081	C0009667
28386264	1057	1073	hemoglobin level	T034	C0019029
28386264	1083	1085	OR	T081	C0028873
28386264	1098	1100	CI	T081	C0009667
28386264	1133	1150	cytostatic agents	T121	C0010858
28386264	1160	1180	admission to the ICU	T058	C0583239
28386264	1182	1184	OR	T081	C0028873
28386264	1196	1198	CI	T081	C0009667
28386264	1226	1252	low levels ofcomplement C3	UnknownType	C0878610
28386264	1254	1256	OR	T081	C0028873
28386264	1268	1270	CI	T081	C0009667
28386264	1301	1310	variables	T080	C0439828
28386264	1321	1331	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28386264	1345	1359	identification	T080	C0205396
28386264	1363	1371	patients	T101	C0030705
28386264	1377	1379	AD	T047	C0004364
28386264	1385	1394	increased	T081	C0205217
28386264	1395	1399	risk	T078	C0035647
28386264	1403	1408	death	T040	C0011065
28386264	1416	1431	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28386264	1452	1461	therapies	T061	C0087111
28386264	1473	1480	improve	T033	C0184511
28386264	1481	1489	survival	T052	C0038952
28386264	1497	1504	results	T169	C1274040
28386264	1542	1548	future	T079	C0016884
28386264	1549	1556	studies	T062	C2603343

28386663|t|A child with phenylketonuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, the bright side of proteinuria
28386663|a|Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism. Phenylalanine hydroxylase is the underlying deficient enzyme. If left untreated, growth failure, microcephaly, global developmental delay, seizures and severe intellectual impairment would characterize the clinical picture of PKU. On the other side of protein homeostasis lies nephrotic syndrome. It is a well-known quantitative defect due to significant proteinuria. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a special congenital variant affecting children and adults. Hereby, we describe a three- year old male child who presented with generalized edema and global developmental delay. Investigations revealed PKU along with FSGS. We assume that congenital nephrosis ameliorated the picture of PKU, and had a salutary effect on the growth and development. Such coexistence between PKU and FSGS hasn't been described before.
28386663	2	7	child	T100	C0008059
28386663	13	28	phenylketonuria	T047	C0031485
28386663	33	67	focal segmental glomerulosclerosis	T047	C0333497
28386663	88	99	proteinuria	T033	C0033687
28386663	100	115	Phenylketonuria	T047	C0031485
28386663	117	120	PKU	T047	C0031485
28386663	134	140	common	T081	C0205214
28386663	141	178	inborn error of amino acid metabolism	T047	C0002514
28386663	180	205	Phenylalanine hydroxylase	T116,T126	C0031456
28386663	224	233	deficient	T169	C0011155
28386663	234	240	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28386663	250	259	untreated	T033	C0332155
28386663	261	275	growth failure	T047	C0878787
28386663	277	289	microcephaly	T019	C0025958
28386663	291	317	global developmental delay	T048	C0557874
28386663	319	327	seizures	T184	C0036572
28386663	332	362	severe intellectual impairment	T048	C4294877
28386663	369	381	characterize	T052	C1880022
28386663	386	402	clinical picture	T201	C0683325
28386663	406	409	PKU	T047	C0031485
28386663	432	439	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28386663	440	451	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28386663	457	475	nephrotic syndrome	T047	C0027726
28386663	496	508	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28386663	509	515	defect	T169	C1457869
28386663	523	534	significant	T078	C0750502
28386663	535	546	proteinuria	T033	C0033687
28386663	548	582	Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis	T047	C0333497
28386663	584	588	FSGS	T047	C0333497
28386663	595	602	special	T080	C0205555
28386663	603	613	congenital	T080	C1744681
28386663	614	621	variant	T080	C0205419
28386663	622	631	affecting	T169	C0392760
28386663	632	640	children	T100	C0008059
28386663	645	651	adults	T100	C0001675
28386663	691	695	male	T032	C0086582
28386663	696	701	child	T100	C0008059
28386663	706	715	presented	T033	C0150312
28386663	721	738	generalized edema	T033	C1850534
28386663	743	769	global developmental delay	T048	C0557874
28386663	771	785	Investigations	T058	C1261322
28386663	786	794	revealed	T080	C0443289
28386663	795	798	PKU	T047	C0031485
28386663	810	814	FSGS	T047	C0333497
28386663	831	851	congenital nephrosis	T047	C3501848
28386663	852	863	ameliorated	T033	C0184511
28386663	879	882	PKU	T047	C0031485
28386663	894	909	salutary effect	T080	C0205556
28386663	917	939	growth and development	T040	C0018271
28386663	966	969	PKU	T047	C0031485
28386663	974	978	FSGS	T047	C0333497

28386687|t|Abnormal metabolic brain network associated with Parkinson's disease: replication on a new European sample
28386687|a|The purpose of this study was to identify the specific metabolic brain pattern characteristic for Parkinson's disease (PD): Parkinson's disease-related pattern (PDRP), using network analysis of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) brain images in a cohort of Slovenian PD patients. Twenty PD patients (age 70.1 ± 7.8 years, Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Motor Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS-III) 38.3 ± 12.2; disease duration 4.3 ± 4.1 years) and 20 age - matched normal controls (NCs) underwent FDG-PET brain imaging. An automatic voxel-based scaled subprofile model / principal component analysis (SSM / PCA) was applied to these scans for PDRP - Slovenia identification. The pattern was characterized by relative hypermetabolism in pallidum, putamen, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum associated with hypometabolism in sensorimotor cortex, posterior parietal, occipital, and frontal cortices. The expression of PDRP - Slovenia discriminated PD patients from NCs (p < 0.0001) and correlated positively with patients ' clinical score (MDS-UPDRS-III, p = 0.03). Additionally, its topography agrees well with the original PDRP (p < 0.001) identified in American cohort of PD patients. We validated the PDRP - Slovenia expression on additional FDG-PET scans of 20 PD patients, 20 NCs, and 25 patients with atypical parkinsonism (AP). We confirmed that the expression of PDRP - Slovenia manifests good diagnostic accuracy with specificity and sensitivity of 85-90% at optimal pattern expression cutoff for discrimination of PD patients and NCs and is not expressed in AP. PDRP - Slovenia proves to be a robust and reproducible functional imaging biomarker independent of patient population. It accurately differentiates PD patients from NCs and AP and correlates well with the clinical measure of PD progression.
28386687	0	8	Abnormal	T033	C0205161
28386687	9	18	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28386687	19	24	brain	T023	C0006104
28386687	25	32	network	T040	C0598941
28386687	49	68	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28386687	70	81	replication	T080	C1883725
28386687	91	99	European	T098	C0239307
28386687	100	106	sample	T077	C2347026
28386687	127	132	study	T062	C2603343
28386687	140	148	identify	T080	C0205396
28386687	162	171	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28386687	172	177	brain	T023	C0006104
28386687	178	185	pattern	T082	C0449774
28386687	186	200	characteristic	T080	C1521970
28386687	205	224	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28386687	226	228	PD	T047	C0030567
28386687	231	266	Parkinson's disease-related pattern	T081	C0449782
28386687	268	272	PDRP	T081	C0449782
28386687	281	288	network	T040	C0598941
28386687	301	354	[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography	T060	C0872169
28386687	356	363	FDG-PET	T060	C0872169
28386687	365	370	brain	T023	C0006104
28386687	371	377	images	T170	C1704254
28386687	383	389	cohort	T098	C0599755
28386687	393	402	Slovenian	T083	C0037334
28386687	403	405	PD	T047	C0030567
28386687	406	414	patients	T101	C0030705
28386687	423	425	PD	T047	C0030567
28386687	426	434	patients	T101	C0030705
28386687	436	439	age	T032	C0001779
28386687	451	456	years	T079	C0439234
28386687	458	530	Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Motor Rating Scale	T170	C3639714
28386687	532	545	MDS-UPDRS-III	T170	C3639714
28386687	560	576	disease duration	T079	C0872146
28386687	587	592	years	T079	C0439234
28386687	601	604	age	T032	C0001779
28386687	607	614	matched	T080	C1708943
28386687	615	630	normal controls	T096	C0009932
28386687	632	635	NCs	T096	C0009932
28386687	647	654	FDG-PET	T060	C0872169
28386687	655	668	brain imaging	T060	C0203860
28386687	673	718	automatic voxel-based scaled subprofile model	T075	C0026336
28386687	721	749	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
28386687	751	754	SSM	T075	C0026336
28386687	757	760	PCA	T081	C0429865
28386687	783	788	scans	T060	C0441633
28386687	793	797	PDRP	T081	C0449782
28386687	800	808	Slovenia	T083	C0037334
28386687	809	823	identification	T080	C0205396
28386687	829	836	pattern	T081	C0449782
28386687	841	854	characterized	T052	C1880022
28386687	867	882	hypermetabolism	T033	C0342952
28386687	886	894	pallidum	T023	C0017651
28386687	896	903	putamen	T023	C0034169
28386687	905	913	thalamus	T023	C0039729
28386687	915	925	brain stem	T023	C0006121
28386687	931	941	cerebellum	T023	C0007765
28386687	958	972	hypometabolism	T033	C0347938
28386687	976	995	sensorimotor cortex	T023	C3499125
28386687	997	1015	posterior parietal	T023	C3853037
28386687	1017	1026	occipital	T029	C1184145
28386687	1032	1048	frontal cortices	T023	C0016733
28386687	1054	1064	expression	T078	C1254370
28386687	1068	1072	PDRP	T081	C0449782
28386687	1075	1083	Slovenia	T083	C0037334
28386687	1098	1100	PD	T047	C0030567
28386687	1101	1109	patients	T101	C0030705
28386687	1115	1118	NCs	T096	C0009932
28386687	1136	1146	correlated	T080	C1707520
28386687	1163	1171	patients	T101	C0030705
28386687	1174	1182	clinical	T080	C0205210
28386687	1183	1188	score	T081	C0449820
28386687	1190	1203	MDS-UPDRS-III	T170	C3639714
28386687	1234	1244	topography	T185	C0392918
28386687	1275	1279	PDRP	T081	C0449782
28386687	1292	1302	identified	T080	C0205396
28386687	1306	1314	American	T098	C0596070
28386687	1315	1321	cohort	T098	C0599755
28386687	1325	1327	PD	T047	C0030567
28386687	1328	1336	patients	T101	C0030705
28386687	1355	1359	PDRP	T081	C0449782
28386687	1362	1370	Slovenia	T083	C0037334
28386687	1371	1381	expression	T078	C1254370
28386687	1396	1403	FDG-PET	T060	C0872169
28386687	1404	1409	scans	T060	C0441633
28386687	1416	1418	PD	T047	C0030567
28386687	1419	1427	patients	T101	C0030705
28386687	1432	1435	NCs	T096	C0009932
28386687	1444	1452	patients	T101	C0030705
28386687	1458	1479	atypical parkinsonism	T047	C4302185
28386687	1481	1483	AP	T047	C4302185
28386687	1508	1518	expression	T078	C1254370
28386687	1522	1526	PDRP	T081	C0449782
28386687	1529	1537	Slovenia	T083	C0037334
28386687	1553	1572	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28386687	1578	1589	specificity	T081	C1511884
28386687	1594	1605	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28386687	1627	1634	pattern	T081	C0449782
28386687	1635	1645	expression	T078	C1254370
28386687	1675	1677	PD	T047	C0030567
28386687	1678	1686	patients	T101	C0030705
28386687	1691	1694	NCs	T096	C0009932
28386687	1719	1721	AP	T047	C4302185
28386687	1723	1727	PDRP	T081	C0449782
28386687	1730	1738	Slovenia	T083	C0037334
28386687	1778	1796	functional imaging	T060	C1517324
28386687	1797	1806	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28386687	1822	1829	patient	T101	C0030705
28386687	1830	1840	population	T098	C1257890
28386687	1871	1873	PD	T047	C0030567
28386687	1874	1882	patients	T101	C0030705
28386687	1888	1891	NCs	T096	C0009932
28386687	1896	1898	AP	T047	C4302185
28386687	1928	1936	clinical	T080	C0205210
28386687	1937	1944	measure	T081	C0079809
28386687	1948	1950	PD	T047	C0030567
28386687	1951	1962	progression	T046	C0242656

28386881|t|Object substitution masking and its relationship with visual crowding
28386881|a|Object substitution masking (OSM) occurs when the perceptibility of a brief target is reduced by a trailing surround mask typically composed of four dots. Camp et al. (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 41, 940-957, 2015) found that crowding a target by adding adjacent flankers, in addition to OSM, had a more deleterious effect on performance than expected based on the combined individual effects of crowding and masking alone. The current experiments test why OSM and crowding interact in this way. In three experiments, target -flanker distance is manipulated whilst also varying mask duration in a digit identification task. The OSM effect-as indexed by the performance difference between unmasked and masked conditions -had a quadratic function with respect to target -flanker distance. Results suggest it is OSM affecting crowding rather than the converse: Masking seems to amplify crowding at intermediate target -distractor distances at the edge of the crowding interference zone. These results indicate that OSM and crowding share common mechanisms. The effect of OSM is possibly a consequence of changes to the types of feature detectors which are pooled together for target identification when that target must compete for processing with a trailing mask in addition to competition from adjacent flankers.
28386881	0	27	Object substitution masking	T041	C0871585
28386881	36	48	relationship	T080	C0439849
28386881	54	69	visual crowding	T041	C0042830
28386881	70	97	Object substitution masking	T041	C0871585
28386881	99	102	OSM	T041	C0871585
28386881	120	134	perceptibility	T041	C0042830
28386881	146	152	target	T042	C0597664
28386881	169	177	trailing	T048	C0233782
28386881	187	191	mask	T042	C0597664
28386881	214	223	four dots	T073	C3273359
28386881	238	325	Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 41, 940-957, 2015	T073,T170	C0162443
28386881	338	346	crowding	T041	C0042830
28386881	349	355	target	T042	C0597664
28386881	366	374	adjacent	T082	C0205117
28386881	375	383	flankers	T073	C3273359
28386881	400	403	OSM	T041	C0871585
28386881	416	434	deleterious effect	T046	C0879626
28386881	438	449	performance	T055	C0597198
28386881	477	485	combined	T080	C0205195
28386881	486	496	individual	UnknownType	C0815195
28386881	497	504	effects	T080	C1280500
28386881	508	516	crowding	T041	C0042830
28386881	521	528	masking	T041	C0871585
28386881	548	559	experiments	T062	C0681814
28386881	569	572	OSM	T041	C0871585
28386881	577	585	crowding	T041	C0042830
28386881	586	594	interact	T052	C1881786
28386881	617	628	experiments	T062	C0681814
28386881	630	636	target	T042	C0597664
28386881	630	654	target -flanker distance	T081	C0012751
28386881	690	694	mask	T041	C0871585
28386881	695	703	duration	T079	C0449238
28386881	709	734	digit identification task	T057	C3540678
28386881	740	743	OSM	T041	C0871585
28386881	769	780	performance	T055	C0597198
28386881	781	791	difference	T080	C1705242
28386881	800	808	unmasked	T169	C0439845
28386881	813	830	masked conditions	T169	C0439844
28386881	838	856	quadratic function	T081	C2347976
28386881	873	879	target	T042	C0597664
28386881	921	924	OSM	T041	C0871585
28386881	935	943	crowding	T041	C0042830
28386881	970	977	Masking	T041	C0871585
28386881	987	994	amplify	T169	C0442805
28386881	995	1003	crowding	T041	C0042830
28386881	1020	1026	target	T042	C0597664
28386881	1020	1048	target -distractor distances	T081	C0012751
28386881	1068	1076	crowding	T041	C0042830
28386881	1077	1094	interference zone	T033	C0422966
28386881	1124	1127	OSM	T041	C0871585
28386881	1132	1140	crowding	T041	C0042830
28386881	1154	1164	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28386881	1170	1176	effect	T080	C1280500
28386881	1180	1183	OSM	T041	C0871585
28386881	1198	1212	consequence of	T169	C0686907
28386881	1237	1254	feature detectors	T073	C0180392
28386881	1265	1280	pooled together	T169	C2349200
28386881	1285	1291	target	T042	C0597664
28386881	1292	1306	identification	T041	C0020792
28386881	1317	1323	target	T042	C0597664
28386881	1359	1367	trailing	T048	C0233782
28386881	1368	1372	mask	T042	C0597664
28386881	1405	1413	adjacent	T082	C0205117
28386881	1414	1422	flankers	T073	C3273359

28386942|t|The effects of gestational use of antidepressants and antipsychotics on neonatal outcomes for women with severe mental illness
28386942|a|Psychotropic medication use occurs in 8% of pregnancies, with rates increasing, and often multiple medications prescribed. This study aims to determine if the use of psychotropic medication, in a cohort of women with severe mental illness, increases rates of special care nursery admission and reports differences between antidepressant and antipsychotic medication use either alone or in combination. A retrospective database analysis from a cohort with severe mental illness in pregnancy identified 268 pregnant women who were grouped according to medication type. Demographic, obstetric and neonatal variables were analysed using t-tests, χ(2), analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis for special care nursery admission. The medication groups consisted of: women taking no psychotropic medications (n = 67); those taking antipsychotics (n = 87); those taking antidepressants (n = 55); those taking and a combination of antidepressants/antipsychotics (n = 59). Rates of special care nursery admission in women who took psychotropic medication (41.3%) were elevated compared to those who did not (26.9%) (P = 0.035), and were significantly raised when compared to the general population (P < 0.000). No significant difference occurred between the medication groups. A significant adjusted odds ratio of 2.79 (95% CI 1.286-6.049) was found for special care nursery and psychiatric admission during pregnancy but not for psychotropic medication. Rates of special care nursery admission are elevated in neonates of women with severe mental illness taking psychotropic medication, but were not different for monotherapy or polytherapy when prescribing antidepressants or antipsychotic medication. Additional vulnerability occurs in the neonates of women with a mental illness and paediatric presence at delivery is recommended.
28386942	4	14	effects of	T080	C1704420
28386942	15	26	gestational	T079	C0439671
28386942	27	33	use of	T169	C1524063
28386942	34	49	antidepressants	T121	C0003289
28386942	54	68	antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
28386942	72	80	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28386942	81	89	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28386942	94	99	women	T098	C0043210
28386942	105	111	severe	T080	C0205082
28386942	112	126	mental illness	T048	C0004936
28386942	127	150	Psychotropic medication	T121	C0033978
28386942	151	154	use	T169	C1524063
28386942	155	161	occurs	T079	C2745955
28386942	171	182	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
28386942	189	194	rates	T033	C2359857
28386942	195	205	increasing	T169	C0442808
28386942	211	216	often	T079	C0332183
28386942	217	225	multiple	T081	C0439064
28386942	226	237	medications	T121	C0013227
28386942	238	248	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28386942	255	260	study	T062	C2603343
28386942	286	292	use of	T169	C1524063
28386942	293	316	psychotropic medication	T121	C0033978
28386942	323	329	cohort	T098	C0599755
28386942	333	338	women	T098	C0043210
28386942	344	350	severe	T080	C0205082
28386942	351	365	mental illness	T048	C0004936
28386942	367	376	increases	T169	C0442805
28386942	377	382	rates	T081	C0032975
28386942	386	406	special care nursery	T061	C0204795
28386942	407	416	admission	T058	C0184666
28386942	421	428	reports	T170	C0025102
28386942	429	440	differences	T080	C1705242
28386942	449	463	antidepressant	T121	C0003289
28386942	468	492	antipsychotic medication	T121	C0040615
28386942	493	496	use	T169	C1524063
28386942	504	509	alone	T081	C0205171
28386942	516	527	combination	T121	C0013162
28386942	531	576	retrospective database analysis from a cohort	T062	C2985505
28386942	582	588	severe	T080	C0205082
28386942	589	603	mental illness	T048	C0004936
28386942	607	616	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28386942	617	627	identified	T080	C0205396
28386942	632	646	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28386942	656	663	grouped	T185	C0008902
28386942	677	687	medication	T121	C0013227
28386942	688	692	type	T080	C0332307
28386942	694	705	Demographic	T080	C0681668
28386942	707	716	obstetric	T169	C0205484
28386942	721	729	neonatal	T100	C0021289
28386942	730	739	variables	T080	C0439828
28386942	745	753	analysed	T062	C0936012
28386942	754	759	using	T169	C1524063
28386942	760	767	t-tests	T170	C0871472
28386942	775	783	analysis	T062	C0936012
28386942	787	795	variance	T080	C1711260
28386942	800	828	logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28386942	833	853	special care nursery	T061	C0204795
28386942	854	863	admission	T058	C0184666
28386942	869	886	medication groups	T101	C0030705
28386942	901	906	women	T098	C0043210
28386942	907	941	taking no psychotropic medications	T101	C0030705
28386942	952	979	those taking antipsychotics	T101	C0030705
28386942	990	1018	those taking antidepressants	T101	C0030705
28386942	1029	1093	those taking and a combination of antidepressants/antipsychotics	T101	C0030705
28386942	1104	1109	Rates	T033	C2359857
28386942	1113	1133	special care nursery	T061	C0204795
28386942	1134	1143	admission	T058	C0184666
28386942	1147	1152	women	T098	C0043210
28386942	1162	1185	psychotropic medication	T121	C0033978
28386942	1208	1216	compared	T052	C1707455
28386942	1220	1237	those who did not	T101	C0030705
28386942	1268	1281	significantly	T078	C0750502
28386942	1282	1288	raised	T080	C0442818
28386942	1294	1302	compared	T052	C1707455
28386942	1310	1328	general population	T098	C0683971
28386942	1342	1367	No significant difference	T033	C3842396
28386942	1389	1406	medication groups	T101	C0030705
28386942	1410	1421	significant	T078	C0750502
28386942	1431	1441	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28386942	1475	1480	found	T033	C0150312
28386942	1485	1505	special care nursery	T061	C0204795
28386942	1510	1531	psychiatric admission	T058	C0237457
28386942	1532	1538	during	T079	C0347984
28386942	1539	1548	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28386942	1561	1584	psychotropic medication	T121	C0033978
28386942	1586	1591	Rates	T081	C0032975
28386942	1595	1615	special care nursery	T061	C0204795
28386942	1616	1625	admission	T058	C0184666
28386942	1642	1650	neonates	T100	C0021289
28386942	1654	1659	women	T098	C0043210
28386942	1665	1671	severe	T080	C0205082
28386942	1672	1686	mental illness	T048	C0004936
28386942	1694	1717	psychotropic medication	T121	C0033978
28386942	1746	1757	monotherapy	T061	C3846440
28386942	1761	1772	polytherapy	T061	C0013218
28386942	1778	1789	prescribing	T058	C0278329
28386942	1790	1805	antidepressants	T121	C0003289
28386942	1809	1833	antipsychotic medication	T121	C0040615
28386942	1846	1859	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28386942	1860	1866	occurs	T079	C2745955
28386942	1874	1882	neonates	T100	C0021289
28386942	1886	1891	women	T098	C0043210
28386942	1899	1913	mental illness	T048	C0004936
28386942	1918	1928	paediatric	T097	C0237433
28386942	1941	1949	delivery	T040	C0005615
28386942	1953	1964	recommended	T078	C0034866

28386950|t|Gastrointestinal disorders in Curry-Jones syndrome: Clinical and molecular insights from an affected newborn
28386950|a|Curry-Jones syndrome (CJS) is a pattern of malformation that includes craniosynostosis, pre-axial polysyndactyly, agenesis of the corpus callosum, cutaneous and gastrointestinal abnormalities. A recurrent, mosaic mutation of SMO (c.1234 C>T; p.Leu412Phe) causes CJS. This report describes the gastrointestinal and surgical findings in a baby with CJS who presented with abdominal obstruction and reviews the spectrum of gastrointestinal malformations in this rare disorder. A 41- week, 4,165 g, female presented with craniosynostosis, pre-axial polysyndactyly, and cutaneous findings consistent with a clinical diagnosis of CJS. The infant developed abdominal distension beginning on the second day of life. Surgical exploration revealed an intestinal malrotation for which she underwent a Ladd procedure. Multiple small nodules were found on the surface of the small and large bowel in addition to an apparent intestinal duplication that seemed to originate posterior to the pancreas. Histopathology of serosal nodules revealed bundles of smooth muscle with associated ganglion cells. Molecular analysis demonstrated the SMO c.1234 C>T mutation in varying amounts in affected skin (up to 35%) and intestinal hamartoma (26%). Gastrointestinal features including structural malformations, motility disorders, and upper GI bleeding are major causes of morbidity in CJS. Smooth muscle hamartomas are a recognized feature of children with CJS typically presenting with abdominal obstruction requiring surgical intervention. A somatic mutation in SMO likely accounts for the structural malformations and predisposition to form bowel hamartomas and myofibromas. The mutation burden in the involved tissues likely accounts for the variable manifestations.
28386950	0	26	Gastrointestinal disorders	T047	C0017178
28386950	30	50	Curry-Jones syndrome	T047	C0795915
28386950	52	60	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28386950	65	74	molecular	T080	C1521991
28386950	75	83	insights	T041	C0233820
28386950	92	100	affected	T169	C0392760
28386950	101	108	newborn	T100	C0021289
28386950	109	129	Curry-Jones syndrome	T047	C0795915
28386950	131	134	CJS	T047	C0795915
28386950	141	148	pattern	T082	C0449774
28386950	152	164	malformation	T190	C0302142
28386950	179	195	craniosynostosis	T047	C0010278
28386950	197	221	pre-axial polysyndactyly	T033	C2751914
28386950	223	254	agenesis of the corpus callosum	T019	C0175754
28386950	256	265	cutaneous	T033	C1704258
28386950	270	286	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
28386950	270	300	gastrointestinal abnormalities	T019	C3824760
28386950	304	313	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28386950	315	330	mosaic mutation	T045	C0026882
28386950	334	363	SMO (c.1234 C>T; p.Leu412Phe)	T049	C4086836
28386950	364	370	causes	T169	C0015127
28386950	371	374	CJS	T047	C0795915
28386950	381	387	report	T170	C0684224
28386950	402	418	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
28386950	423	440	surgical findings	T033	C0243095
28386950	446	450	baby	T100	C0021270
28386950	456	459	CJS	T047	C0795915
28386950	479	500	abdominal obstruction	T047	C0848160
28386950	505	512	reviews	T169	C0699752
28386950	517	559	spectrum of gastrointestinal malformations	T033	C0243095
28386950	529	545	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
28386950	568	581	rare disorder	T047	C0678236
28386950	589	593	week	T079	C0439230
28386950	604	610	female	T032	C0086287
28386950	626	642	craniosynostosis	T047	C0010278
28386950	644	668	pre-axial polysyndactyly	T033	C2751914
28386950	674	692	cutaneous findings	T033	C0243095
28386950	711	729	clinical diagnosis	T060	C0332140
28386950	733	736	CJS	T047	C0795915
28386950	742	748	infant	T100	C0021270
28386950	759	779	abdominal distension	T033	C0000731
28386950	780	789	beginning	T079	C0439659
28386950	797	803	second	T081	C0205436
28386950	804	807	day	T079	C0439228
28386950	811	815	life	T078	C0376558
28386950	817	837	Surgical exploration	T060	C0184899
28386950	838	846	revealed	T080	C0443289
28386950	850	872	intestinal malrotation	T019	C0221210
28386950	899	913	Ladd procedure	T061	C3665975
28386950	915	937	Multiple small nodules	T033	C0243095
28386950	943	948	found	T033	C0243095
28386950	956	992	surface of the small and large bowel	T029	C0735973
28386950	993	1007	in addition to	T169	C0332287
28386950	1011	1019	apparent	T078	C0750489
28386950	1020	1042	intestinal duplication	T019	C0221210
28386950	1068	1077	posterior	T082	C0205095
28386950	1085	1093	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28386950	1095	1109	Histopathology	T169	C0243140
28386950	1113	1120	serosal	T029	C0521344
28386950	1121	1128	nodules	T020	C0028259
28386950	1129	1137	revealed	T080	C0443289
28386950	1138	1162	bundles of smooth muscle	T024	C1267092
28386950	1163	1178	with associated	T080	C0332281
28386950	1179	1193	ganglion cells	T025	C0228071
28386950	1195	1213	Molecular analysis	T063	C1513380
28386950	1231	1254	SMO c.1234 C>T mutation	T049	C4086836
28386950	1277	1285	affected	T169	C0392760
28386950	1286	1290	skin	T022	C1123023
28386950	1307	1327	intestinal hamartoma	T191	C0345896
28386950	1335	1351	Gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
28386950	1352	1360	features	T033	C0243095
28386950	1371	1395	structural malformations	T033	C1704258
28386950	1382	1395	malformations	T190	C0302142
28386950	1397	1415	motility disorders	T046	C0679316
28386950	1421	1438	upper GI bleeding	T046	C0041909
28386950	1449	1455	causes	T169	C0015127
28386950	1459	1468	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28386950	1472	1475	CJS	T047	C0795915
28386950	1477	1490	Smooth muscle	T024	C1267092
28386950	1477	1501	Smooth muscle hamartomas	T191	C0018552
28386950	1508	1526	recognized feature	T033	C0243095
28386950	1530	1538	children	T100	C0008059
28386950	1544	1547	CJS	T047	C0795915
28386950	1574	1595	abdominal obstruction	T047	C0848160
28386950	1596	1627	requiring surgical intervention	T033	C0549433
28386950	1631	1647	somatic mutation	T049	C0544886
28386950	1651	1654	SMO	T028	C1364142
28386950	1679	1703	structural malformations	T033	C1704258
28386950	1690	1703	malformations	T190	C0302142
28386950	1708	1722	predisposition	T032	C0220898
28386950	1731	1747	bowel hamartomas	T191	C0345896
28386950	1752	1763	myofibromas	T191	C1266121
28386950	1769	1777	mutation	T045	C0026882
28386950	1778	1784	burden	T078	C2828008
28386950	1792	1800	involved	T169	C1314939
28386950	1801	1808	tissues	T024	C0040300
28386950	1833	1856	variable manifestations	T033	C3150238

28387168|t|Numerical simulation of motion and deformation of healthy and sick red blood cell through a constricted vessel using hybrid lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary method
28387168|a|In the present article, hybrid lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary method is utilized to simulate two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow involving flexible immersed red blood cell (RBC) in a microchannel. The main focus of the present research is to study motion and deformation of both healthy and sick RBCs in a vessel with different sizes of stenosis. The presented computational results consent reasonably well with the available data in the literature. Two different channels i.e. a simple and a constricted channel are investigated in the present manuscript. The results show that the RBC transfer and deform without any lift force and rotation induced when it is located on the symmetry axis of the microchannel. However, when the RBC is located off the symmetry axis, the pressure difference produced in the flow around the RBC would apply lift forces on them and expel them towards the center of the channel. The healthy RBC always shows more deformation related to the sick one along the channel. Another important result of the present research is that for the ratio of [Formula: see text] a sick RBC cannot pass the stenosis, and it reasons serious difficulties for body. The present result s have been compared with the available experimental and numerical results which show good agreements.
28387168	0	20	Numerical simulation	T062	C0679083
28387168	24	30	motion	T070	C0026597
28387168	35	46	deformation	T169	C0333067
28387168	50	57	healthy	T080	C3898900
28387168	62	81	sick red blood cell	T025	C0014793
28387168	92	103	constricted	T080	C0333164
28387168	104	110	vessel	T023	C0005847
28387168	117	166	hybrid lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary method	T170	C0025663
28387168	191	240	hybrid lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary method	T170	C0025663
28387168	256	264	simulate	T062	C0679083
28387168	265	280	two-dimensional	T082	C1705052
28387168	281	303	incompressible viscous	T080	C0311419
28387168	304	308	flow	T070	C0806140
28387168	319	327	flexible	T080	C0443220
28387168	328	336	immersed	T169	C0205245
28387168	337	351	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
28387168	353	356	RBC	T025	C0014792
28387168	363	375	microchannel	T082	C0439799
28387168	407	415	research	T062	C0035168
28387168	422	427	study	T062	C2603343
28387168	428	434	motion	T070	C0026597
28387168	439	450	deformation	T169	C0333067
28387168	459	466	healthy	T080	C3898900
28387168	471	480	sick RBCs	T025	C0014793
28387168	486	492	vessel	T023	C0005847
28387168	508	513	sizes	T082	C0456389
28387168	517	525	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28387168	541	554	computational	T059	C4297010
28387168	555	562	results	T169	C1274040
28387168	606	610	data	T078	C1511726
28387168	618	628	literature	T170	C0023866
28387168	644	652	channels	T082	C0439799
28387168	673	684	constricted	T080	C0333164
28387168	685	692	channel	T082	C0439799
28387168	697	709	investigated	T169	C1292732
28387168	725	735	manuscript	T073,T170	C0600659
28387168	741	748	results	T169	C1274040
28387168	763	766	RBC	T025	C0014792
28387168	767	775	transfer	T169	C0205245
28387168	780	786	deform	T169	C0333067
28387168	799	809	lift force	T067	C0441722
28387168	814	822	rotation	T169	C0035868
28387168	823	830	induced	T169	C0205263
28387168	857	865	symmetry	T067	C2825575
28387168	866	870	axis	T082	C1522496
28387168	878	890	microchannel	T082	C0439799
28387168	910	913	RBC	T025	C0014792
28387168	933	941	symmetry	T067	C2825575
28387168	942	946	axis	T082	C1522496
28387168	952	960	pressure	T040	C0005823
28387168	961	971	difference	T081	C1705241
28387168	988	992	flow	T070	C0806140
28387168	1004	1007	RBC	T025	C0014792
28387168	1020	1031	lift forces	T067	C0441722
28387168	1044	1049	expel	T169	C0205245
28387168	1067	1073	center	T082	C0205099
28387168	1081	1088	channel	T082	C0439799
28387168	1094	1101	healthy	T080	C3898900
28387168	1102	1105	RBC	T025	C0014792
28387168	1124	1135	deformation	T169	C0333067
28387168	1151	1155	sick	T025	C0014793
28387168	1170	1177	channel	T082	C0439799
28387168	1197	1203	result	T169	C1274040
28387168	1219	1227	research	T062	C0035168
28387168	1244	1249	ratio	T081	C0456603
28387168	1275	1283	sick RBC	T025	C0014793
28387168	1300	1308	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28387168	1350	1354	body	T016	C0242821
28387168	1368	1374	result	T169	C1274040
28387168	1368	1376	result s	T169	C1274040
28387168	1415	1427	experimental	T080	C1517586
28387168	1432	1449	numerical results	T081	C0243174

28387468|t|Sella turcica bridging and dental anomalies: is there an association?
28387468|a|Sella turcica bridging (STB), or calcification of the interclinoid ligament of sella turcica, has been reported to be associated with some dental anomalies (palatal canine impaction and transposition). The aim of the study was to find any association between canine impaction, hyperdontia or hypodontia and sellar dimensions or bridging. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from 78 patients with impacted canines, 68 with dental agenesis and 17 with hyperdontia were collected. Linear dimensions of sella turcica were calculated and compared to those of a control group (47 individuals). A standardize scoring scale was used to quantify the extent of STB from each radiographs. The frequency of partial and complete calcifications of sella in patients with dental anomalies is increased when compared to controls. STB can influence the interclinoid distance but does not affect other linear dimensions of sella. No statistically significant difference has been found in sellar dimensions and STB expression when evaluating radiographs at different ages. STB is frequently found in patients with dental abnormalities.
28387468	0	22	Sella turcica bridging	T190	C1866959
28387468	27	43	dental anomalies	T033	C0262444
28387468	57	68	association	T080	C0439849
28387468	70	92	Sella turcica bridging	T190	C1866959
28387468	94	97	STB	T190	C1866959
28387468	103	116	calcification	T042	C0006660
28387468	124	145	interclinoid ligament	T024	C0023685
28387468	149	162	sella turcica	T023	C0036609
28387468	188	203	associated with	T080	C0332281
28387468	209	225	dental anomalies	T033	C0262444
28387468	227	241	palatal canine	T033	C2749981
28387468	242	251	impaction	T190	C0040456
28387468	256	269	transposition	T190	C1319068
28387468	287	292	study	T062	C2603343
28387468	309	320	association	T080	C0439849
28387468	329	335	canine	T033	C2749981
28387468	336	345	impaction	T190	C0040456
28387468	347	358	hyperdontia	T033	C0040457
28387468	362	372	hypodontia	T019	C0020608
28387468	377	383	sellar	T023	C0036609
28387468	384	394	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28387468	398	406	bridging	T190	C1866959
28387468	408	415	Lateral	T082	C0205093
28387468	416	429	cephalometric	T060	C0007723
28387468	430	441	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28387468	450	458	patients	T101	C0030705
28387468	464	472	impacted	T190	C0040456
28387468	473	480	canines	T033	C2749981
28387468	490	505	dental agenesis	T019	C0399352
28387468	518	529	hyperdontia	T033	C0040457
28387468	546	552	Linear	T082	C0205132
28387468	553	563	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28387468	567	580	sella turcica	T023	C0036609
28387468	624	637	control group	T096	C0009932
28387468	642	653	individuals	T098	C0237401
28387468	658	683	standardize scoring scale	T170	C0349674
28387468	719	722	STB	T190	C1866959
28387468	733	744	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28387468	750	759	frequency	T079	C0439603
28387468	763	770	partial	T081	C0728938
28387468	775	783	complete	T080	C0205197
28387468	784	798	calcifications	T042	C0006660
28387468	802	807	sella	T023	C0036609
28387468	811	819	patients	T101	C0030705
28387468	825	841	dental anomalies	T033	C0262444
28387468	845	854	increased	T081	C0205217
28387468	872	880	controls	T096	C0009932
28387468	882	885	STB	T190	C1866959
28387468	904	925	interclinoid distance	T081	C0012751
28387468	952	958	linear	T082	C0205132
28387468	959	969	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28387468	973	978	sella	T023	C0036609
28387468	983	1008	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28387468	1038	1044	sellar	T023	C0036609
28387468	1045	1055	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28387468	1060	1063	STB	T190	C1866959
28387468	1091	1102	radiographs	T060	C1306645
28387468	1116	1120	ages	T032	C0001779
28387468	1122	1125	STB	T190	C1866959
28387468	1149	1157	patients	T101	C0030705
28387468	1163	1183	dental abnormalities	T033	C0262444

28387835|t|Coxiella burnetii isolates originating from infected cattle induce a more pronounced proinflammatory cytokine response compared to isolates from infected goats and sheep
28387835|a|Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever. Although the prevalence of C. burnetii in cattle is much higher than in goats and sheep, infected cattle are rarely associated with human outbreaks. We investigated whether the immune response of humans differs after contact with C. burnetii isolates from different host origins or with different multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) genotypes. Cytokine responses were measured in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with 16 C. burnetii isolates with known MLVA genotype from goats, sheep, cattle, acute and chronic Q fever patients. Coxiella burnetii isolates originating from cattle induce significantly more IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-22 than the isolates from goats, sheep or chronic Q fever patients. Comparing the cytokine induction of the isolates based on their MVLA genotype did not reveal differences in response between the MLVA genotypes. The proinflammatory cytokine response induced in human PBMCs by C. burnetii isolates from cattle may explain the low incidence of human Q fever outbreaks caused by cattle. The cytokine profile of PBMCs stimulated with C. burnetii isolates from chronic Q fever patients resembles isolates from goats. Furthermore, cytokine responses seem to be depending on host origin than on MLVA genotype.
28387835	0	17	Coxiella burnetii	T007	C0010240
28387835	18	26	isolates	T123	C1764827
28387835	44	59	infected cattle	T015	C0007452
28387835	60	66	induce	T169	C0205263
28387835	85	118	proinflammatory cytokine response	T043	C2247677
28387835	131	139	isolates	T123	C1764827
28387835	145	159	infected goats	T015	C1510458
28387835	164	169	sheep	T015	C0036945
28387835	170	187	Coxiella burnetii	T007	C0010240
28387835	195	210	causative agent	T033	C0449411
28387835	214	221	Q fever	T047	C0034362
28387835	236	246	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28387835	250	261	C. burnetii	T007	C0010240
28387835	265	271	cattle	T015	C0007452
28387835	295	300	goats	T015	C1510458
28387835	305	310	sheep	T015	C0036945
28387835	312	327	infected cattle	T015	C0007452
28387835	339	354	associated with	T080	C0332281
28387835	355	360	human	T016	C0086418
28387835	361	370	outbreaks	T067	C0012652
28387835	375	387	investigated	T169	C1292732
28387835	400	415	immune response	T042	C0301872
28387835	419	425	humans	T016	C0086418
28387835	453	464	C. burnetii	T007	C0010240
28387835	465	473	isolates	T123	C1764827
28387835	489	501	host origins	T001	C1167395
28387835	520	572	multilocus variable number of tandem repeat analysis	T059	C1443925
28387835	574	578	MLVA	T059	C1443925
28387835	580	589	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28387835	591	609	Cytokine responses	T043	C2247677
28387835	627	632	human	T016	C0086418
28387835	633	667	peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
28387835	669	674	PBMCs	T025	C1321301
28387835	676	686	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28387835	695	706	C. burnetii	T007	C0010240
28387835	707	715	isolates	T123	C1764827
28387835	727	731	MLVA	T059	C1443925
28387835	732	740	genotype	T032	C0017431
28387835	746	751	goats	T015	C1510458
28387835	753	758	sheep	T015	C0036945
28387835	760	766	cattle	T015	C0007452
28387835	768	773	acute	T047	C0519066
28387835	778	793	chronic Q fever	T047	C1443892
28387835	794	802	patients	T101	C0030705
28387835	804	821	Coxiella burnetii	T007	C0010240
28387835	822	830	isolates	T123	C1764827
28387835	848	854	cattle	T015	C0007452
28387835	855	861	induce	T169	C0205263
28387835	881	886	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28387835	888	893	TNF-α	T116,T129	C0041368
28387835	898	903	IL-22	T116,T129	C0961814
28387835	913	921	isolates	T123	C1764827
28387835	927	932	goats	T015	C1510458
28387835	934	939	sheep	T015	C0036945
28387835	943	958	chronic Q fever	T047	C1443892
28387835	959	967	patients	T101	C0030705
28387835	983	991	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28387835	992	1001	induction	T169	C0205263
28387835	1009	1017	isolates	T123	C1764827
28387835	1033	1037	MVLA	T059	C1443925
28387835	1038	1046	genotype	T032	C0017431
28387835	1077	1085	response	T043	C2247677
28387835	1098	1102	MLVA	T059	C1443925
28387835	1103	1112	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28387835	1118	1151	proinflammatory cytokine response	T043	C2247677
28387835	1152	1159	induced	T169	C0205263
28387835	1163	1168	human	T016	C0086418
28387835	1169	1174	PBMCs	T025	C1321301
28387835	1178	1189	C. burnetii	T007	C0010240
28387835	1190	1198	isolates	T123	C1764827
28387835	1204	1210	cattle	T015	C0007452
28387835	1231	1240	incidence	T081	C0021149
28387835	1244	1249	human	T016	C0086418
28387835	1250	1257	Q fever	T047	C0034362
28387835	1258	1267	outbreaks	T067	C0012652
28387835	1278	1284	cattle	T015	C0007452
28387835	1290	1298	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28387835	1290	1306	cytokine profile	T081	C0392762
28387835	1310	1315	PBMCs	T025	C1321301
28387835	1316	1326	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28387835	1332	1343	C. burnetii	T007	C0010240
28387835	1344	1352	isolates	T123	C1764827
28387835	1358	1373	chronic Q fever	T047	C1443892
28387835	1374	1382	patients	T101	C0030705
28387835	1393	1401	isolates	T123	C1764827
28387835	1407	1412	goats	T015	C1510458
28387835	1427	1445	cytokine responses	T043	C2247677
28387835	1470	1481	host origin	T001	C1167395
28387835	1490	1494	MLVA	T059	C1443925
28387835	1495	1503	genotype	T032	C0017431

28387851|t|Does Intrawound Vancomycin Application During Spine Surgery Create Vancomycin-Resistant Organism?
28387851|a|Surgical site infection (SSI) following spine surgery is a morbid and expensive complication. The use of intrawound vancomycin is emerging as a solution to reduce SSI. The development of vancomycin-resistant pathogens is an understandable concern. To determine the occurrence of vancomycin-resistant SSI in patients with and without use of intrawound vancomycin. Patients undergoing elective spine surgery were dichotomized based on whether intrawound vancomycin was applied. Outcome was occurrence of SSI requiring return to the operating room within postoperative 90 days. The intrawound culture and vancomycin minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were reviewed. Analyses were conducted to compare the pathogen profile and MIC for vancomycin in patients who received vancomycin and those who did not. Of the total 2802 patients, 43% (n = 1215) had intrawound vancomycin application during the index surgery. The use of vancomycin was associated with significantly lower deep SSI rates (1.6% [n = 20] vs 2.5% [n = 40], P = .02). The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus SSI was significantly lower in the patients who had application of intrawound vancomycin (32% vs 65%, P = .003). None of the patients who had application of intrawound vancomycin powder, and subsequently developed an S aureus SSI, demonstrated pathogens with resistance to vancomycin. All patients had MIC < 2 μg/mL, the vancomycin susceptibility threshold. The occurrence of gram-negative SSI (28% vs 7%) and culture negative fluid collection (16% vs 5%) was higher in the vancomycin cohort. The use of intrawound vancomycin during the index spine surgery was protective against SSI following spine surgery. The application of intrawound vancomycin during index surgery does not appear to create vancomycin-resistant organisms in the event of an SSI.
28387851	5	26	Intrawound Vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	27	38	Application	T169	C4048755
28387851	46	59	Spine Surgery	T061	C2608059
28387851	67	87	Vancomycin-Resistant	T032	C0752078
28387851	88	96	Organism	T001	C0029235
28387851	98	121	Surgical site infection	T046	C0038941
28387851	123	126	SSI	T046	C0038941
28387851	138	151	spine surgery	T061	C2608059
28387851	157	163	morbid	T080	C0205556
28387851	168	190	expensive complication	T169	C1171258
28387851	203	224	intrawound vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	261	264	SSI	T046	C0038941
28387851	285	305	vancomycin-resistant	T032	C0752078
28387851	306	315	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28387851	363	373	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28387851	377	397	vancomycin-resistant	T032	C0752078
28387851	398	401	SSI	T046	C0038941
28387851	405	413	patients	T101	C0030705
28387851	438	459	intrawound vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	461	469	Patients	T101	C0030705
28387851	461	469	Patients	T101	C0030705
28387851	490	503	spine surgery	T061	C2608059
28387851	509	521	dichotomized	T080	C0443299
28387851	539	560	intrawound vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	586	596	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28387851	600	603	SSI	T046	C0038941
28387851	628	642	operating room	T073,T093	C0029064
28387851	650	671	postoperative 90 days	T079	C0032790
28387851	677	695	intrawound culture	T059	C0596932
28387851	700	710	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	711	744	minimal inhibitory concentrations	T059	C0427978
28387851	746	749	MIC	T059	C0427978
28387851	805	821	pathogen profile	T001	C0450254
28387851	826	829	MIC	T059	C0427978
28387851	834	844	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	848	856	patients	T101	C0030705
28387851	870	880	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	922	930	patients	T101	C0030705
28387851	951	972	intrawound vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	985	1009	during the index surgery	T079	C1254367
28387851	1022	1032	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	1053	1072	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28387851	1078	1081	SSI	T046	C0038941
28387851	1082	1087	rates	T023	C0037993
28387851	1135	1145	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28387851	1149	1170	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28387851	1171	1174	SSI	T046	C0038941
28387851	1179	1198	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28387851	1206	1214	patients	T101	C0030705
28387851	1223	1234	application	T169	C4048755
28387851	1238	1259	intrawound vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	1296	1304	patients	T101	C0030705
28387851	1313	1324	application	T169	C4048755
28387851	1328	1356	intrawound vancomycin powder	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	1388	1396	S aureus	T007	C0038172
28387851	1397	1400	SSI	T046	C0038941
28387851	1415	1424	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28387851	1430	1454	resistance to vancomycin	T033	C3265908
28387851	1460	1468	patients	T101	C0030705
28387851	1473	1476	MIC	T059	C0427978
28387851	1492	1502	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	1533	1543	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28387851	1547	1560	gram-negative	T047	C0085423
28387851	1561	1564	SSI	T046	C0038941
28387851	1581	1614	culture negative fluid collection	T033	C0429652
28387851	1631	1637	higher	T080	C0205250
28387851	1645	1655	vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	1656	1662	cohort	T098	C0599755
28387851	1675	1696	intrawound vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	1714	1727	spine surgery	T061	C2608059
28387851	1751	1754	SSI	T046	C0038941
28387851	1765	1778	spine surgery	T061	C2608059
28387851	1784	1795	application	T169	C4048755
28387851	1799	1820	intrawound vancomycin	T116,T195	C0042313
28387851	1821	1841	during index surgery	T079	C1254367
28387851	1868	1888	vancomycin-resistant	T032	C0752078
28387851	1889	1898	organisms	T001	C0029235
28387851	1918	1921	SSI	T046	C0038941

28388017|t|Adequacy criteria for thyroid FNA evaluated by ThinPrep slides only
28388017|a|Adequacy criteria for thyroid fine-needle aspiration (FNA) recommended by The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBS) were developed with smears, but they are commonly applied to ThinPreps (TPs). This study evaluated adequacy in TPs at different diagnostic thresholds. All FNA procedures performed between 2010 and 2015 with matched surgical specimens were analyzed. Cell counts and cytological features were evaluated in all initially nondiagnostic (ND) cases. ND cases were reclassified into TBS categories by 2 pathologists, and the results were compared with surgical outcomes. One hundred forty-six of the 151 cases initially classified as ND were available for review, and they had a mean cell count of 60.5 (standard deviation, 71.4). Interobserver agreement on the reclassification of ND cases was moderate (k = 0.57), and consensus yielded 48 ND cases (33%), 72 benign cases (49%), 24 cases of atypia of undetermined significance (16%), and 2 cases suspicious for malignancy (1%). Lowering the diagnostic threshold to any follicular cells yielded a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 60%, a positive predictive value of 59%, a negative predictive value of 92%, and a false-negative rate of 7.7%, whereas the values for the initially diagnostic cases were 93%, 58%, 59%, 93%, and 7.7%, respectively. Including cases with >60 cells but lacking 6 groups containing at least 10 cells did not affect test performance. Nuclear enlargement, pallor, grooves, and the presence of histiocytoid cells in initially ND FNA correlated with malignancy. In thyroid FNA examined with TP only, lowering the adequacy threshold and eliminating the requirement of 6 groups of at least 10 cells did not significantly affect test performance if cytological features associated with malignancy were absent. Cancer Cytopathol 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
28388017	0	8	Adequacy	T170	C0808073
28388017	9	17	criteria	T078	C0243161
28388017	22	33	thyroid FNA	T060	C0193787
28388017	34	43	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28388017	47	62	ThinPrep slides	T060	C0430022
28388017	68	76	Adequacy	T170	C0808073
28388017	77	85	criteria	T078	C0243161
28388017	90	120	thyroid fine-needle aspiration	T060	C0193787
28388017	122	125	FNA	T060	C0193787
28388017	127	138	recommended	T078	C0034866
28388017	146	197	Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology	T059	C0022885
28388017	199	202	TBS	T059	C0022885
28388017	224	230	smears	T060	C0444186
28388017	254	261	applied	T169	C4048755
28388017	265	274	ThinPreps	T060	C0430022
28388017	276	279	TPs	T060	C0430022
28388017	293	302	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28388017	303	311	adequacy	T170	C0808073
28388017	315	318	TPs	T060	C0430022
28388017	332	342	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28388017	343	353	thresholds	T080	C0449864
28388017	359	373	FNA procedures	T060	C0193787
28388017	374	383	performed	T169	C0884358
28388017	411	418	matched	T080	C1708943
28388017	419	437	surgical specimens	T167	C0370003
28388017	443	451	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28388017	453	464	Cell counts	T059	C0007584
28388017	469	480	cytological	T169	C0205471
28388017	481	489	features	T080	C2348519
28388017	495	504	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28388017	522	535	nondiagnostic	T033	C0686919
28388017	537	539	ND	T033	C0686919
28388017	541	546	cases	T096	C0681850
28388017	548	550	ND	T033	C0686919
28388017	551	556	cases	T096	C0681850
28388017	562	574	reclassified	T080	C0205542
28388017	580	583	TBS	T059	C0022885
28388017	584	594	categories	T170	C0683312
28388017	600	612	pathologists	T097	C0334866
28388017	622	629	results	T169	C1274040
28388017	635	643	compared	T052	C1707455
28388017	649	666	surgical outcomes	T169	C1274040
28388017	672	689	hundred forty-six	T081	C0392762
28388017	701	706	cases	T096	C0681850
28388017	717	727	classified	T185	C0008902
28388017	731	733	ND	T033	C0686919
28388017	739	748	available	T169	C0470187
28388017	753	759	review	T169	C0699752
28388017	776	780	mean	T081	C0444504
28388017	781	791	cell count	T059	C0007584
28388017	801	819	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28388017	828	851	Interobserver agreement	T054	C0680240
28388017	859	875	reclassification	T185	C0008902
28388017	879	881	ND	T033	C0686919
28388017	882	887	cases	T096	C0681850
28388017	892	900	moderate	T080	C0205081
28388017	917	926	consensus	T054	C0376298
28388017	927	934	yielded	T081	C0392762
28388017	938	940	ND	T033	C0686919
28388017	941	946	cases	T096	C0681850
28388017	957	963	benign	T080	C0205183
28388017	964	969	cases	T096	C0681850
28388017	980	985	cases	T096	C0681850
28388017	989	995	atypia	T033	C0741302
28388017	999	1024	undetermined significance	T033	C1272585
28388017	1038	1043	cases	T096	C0681850
28388017	1044	1069	suspicious for malignancy	T033	C4050405
28388017	1076	1084	Lowering	T052	C2003888
28388017	1089	1099	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28388017	1100	1109	threshold	T080	C0449864
28388017	1117	1127	follicular	T023	C1571705
28388017	1128	1133	cells	T025	C0007634
28388017	1134	1141	yielded	T081	C0392762
28388017	1144	1155	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28388017	1166	1177	specificity	T081	C0037791
28388017	1188	1213	positive predictive value	T081	C1514243
28388017	1224	1249	negative predictive value	T081	C1513918
28388017	1264	1278	false-negative	T034	C0205558
28388017	1279	1283	rate	T081	C1521828
28388017	1330	1340	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28388017	1341	1346	cases	T096	C0681850
28388017	1406	1411	cases	T096	C0681850
28388017	1421	1426	cells	T025	C0007634
28388017	1431	1438	lacking	T080	C0332268
28388017	1441	1447	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28388017	1448	1458	containing	T052	C2700400
28388017	1471	1476	cells	T025	C0007634
28388017	1492	1508	test performance	T060	C0871060
28388017	1510	1529	Nuclear enlargement	T049	C0333902
28388017	1531	1537	pallor	T033	C0030232
28388017	1539	1546	grooves	T030	C1184482
28388017	1556	1564	presence	T033	C0150312
28388017	1568	1586	histiocytoid cells	T025	C1516945
28388017	1600	1602	ND	T033	C0686919
28388017	1603	1606	FNA	T060	C0193787
28388017	1607	1617	correlated	T080	C1707520
28388017	1623	1633	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28388017	1638	1649	thyroid FNA	T060	C0193787
28388017	1650	1658	examined	T033	C0332128
28388017	1664	1666	TP	T060	C0430022
28388017	1673	1681	lowering	T052	C2003888
28388017	1686	1694	adequacy	T170	C0808073
28388017	1695	1704	threshold	T080	C0449864
28388017	1725	1736	requirement	T169	C1514873
28388017	1742	1748	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28388017	1764	1769	cells	T025	C0007634
28388017	1778	1791	significantly	T078	C0750502
28388017	1799	1815	test performance	T060	C0871060
28388017	1819	1830	cytological	T169	C0205471
28388017	1831	1839	features	T080	C2348519
28388017	1840	1855	associated with	T080	C0332281
28388017	1856	1866	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28388017	1872	1878	absent	T169	C0332197

28388318|t|Rotary and High - Pressure Nozzle Spray Plume Droplet Analysis For Aerially Applied Mosquito Adulticides: Laser Diffraction Characterization
28388318|a|The droplet spectrum of a mosquito adulticide spray plume determines its ability to drift through the target area, impinge on the mosquito, deliver a toxic dose, and the risk of environmental contamination. This paper provides data on droplet spectra produced from 6 nozzles in a high - pressure nozzle spray system and 5 rotary nozzle systems for common mosquito adulticides. Spray plume spectra were measured by laser diffraction. High - pressure nozzles were evaluated at pressure s ranging from 500 psi to 6,000 psi. Rotary nozzles were evaluated at rotational speeds ranging from 500 rpm to 24,000 rpm. Measurements were made at wind speeds of 129 km/h (80 mph) to 225 km/h (140 mph). Adulticides included were Fyfanon (®), Aqua-Reslin (®), Dibrom (®), Duet (®), Permanone (®), and the inert mineral oil, Orchex(®) 796. High- pressure nozzles produced spray plumes within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) label requirements for all configurations tested except for one at a wind speed of 225 km/h, BETE(®) MW125. Air speed had no significant effect on the spray plume volume median diameter (Dv (0.5)) at the speeds tested with Fyfanon (®). The spray plume 90% drop volume diameter (Dv (0.9)) significantly decreased, 13% at the higher wind speed of 225 km/h. Drop size was inversely related to pressure. Dilution of the product formulations increased the Dv (0.5) of the spray plume but it did not exceed the label requirements. For the PJ15 nozzle, orientation of the nozzle into the wind of up to 135° showed a significant increase in Dv (0.5) at 500 psi, 750 psi, and 1,500 psi. The Dv (0.5) varied <5 μm over the 3 angles examined for any specific pressure. Rotary nozzles produced spray plumes within the EPA label requirements for all test configurations examined. Air speed had no significant effect on Dv (0.5) or Dv (0.9) of the plume at speeds tested with Fyfanon for the ASC A20 nozzle. The rotary AU5000 nozzle using Orchex 796 produced plumes of larger drops in all configurations than any of the rotary nozzles of similar configurations using active ingredient formulations and within EPA label requirements.
28388318	11	15	High	T080	C0205250
28388318	18	26	Pressure	T067	C0033095
28388318	27	33	Nozzle	T073	C1709278
28388318	34	45	Spray Plume	T082	C1254362
28388318	46	53	Droplet	T081	C4048603
28388318	54	62	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28388318	84	92	Mosquito	T204	C0026584
28388318	93	104	Adulticides	T131	C0021576
28388318	106	140	Laser Diffraction Characterization	T060	C0430022
28388318	145	152	droplet	T081	C4048603
28388318	153	161	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28388318	167	175	mosquito	T204	C0026584
28388318	176	186	adulticide	T131	C0021576
28388318	187	198	spray plume	T082	C1254362
28388318	243	254	target area	T082	C0205146
28388318	271	279	mosquito	T204	C0026584
28388318	291	296	toxic	T037	C0600688
28388318	297	301	dose	T081	C0178602
28388318	311	315	risk	T078	C0035647
28388318	319	346	environmental contamination	T069	C0014419
28388318	368	372	data	T078	C1511726
28388318	376	383	droplet	T081	C4048603
28388318	384	391	spectra	T077	C2827424
28388318	408	415	nozzles	T073	C1709278
28388318	421	425	high	T080	C0205250
28388318	428	436	pressure	T067	C0033095
28388318	437	456	nozzle spray system	T073	C1709278
28388318	463	484	rotary nozzle systems	T073	C1709278
28388318	496	504	mosquito	T204	C0026584
28388318	505	516	adulticides	T131	C0021576
28388318	518	529	Spray plume	T082	C1254362
28388318	530	537	spectra	T077	C2827424
28388318	555	572	laser diffraction	T060	C0430022
28388318	574	578	High	T080	C0205250
28388318	581	589	pressure	T067	C0033095
28388318	590	597	nozzles	T073	C1709278
28388318	616	624	pressure	T067	C0033095
28388318	662	676	Rotary nozzles	T073	C1709278
28388318	706	712	speeds	T081	C0678536
28388318	749	761	Measurements	T169	C0242485
28388318	775	779	wind	T070	C0043187
28388318	780	786	speeds	T081	C0678536
28388318	831	842	Adulticides	T131	C0021576
28388318	857	864	Fyfanon	T131	C1254354
28388318	870	881	Aqua-Reslin	T131	C1254354
28388318	887	893	Dibrom	T109,T131	C0729220
28388318	899	903	Duet	T131	C1254354
28388318	909	918	Permanone	T109,T121,T131	C1321593
28388318	932	949	inert mineral oil	T131	C1254354
28388318	951	964	Orchex(®) 796	T131	C1254354
28388318	972	980	pressure	T067	C0033095
28388318	981	988	nozzles	T073	C1709278
28388318	998	1010	spray plumes	T082	C1254362
28388318	1022	1056	US Environmental Protection Agency	T092	C0041712
28388318	1058	1061	EPA	T092	C0041712
28388318	1063	1068	label	T073	C0181496
28388318	1069	1081	requirements	T169	C1514873
28388318	1132	1136	wind	T070	C0043187
28388318	1137	1142	speed	T081	C0678536
28388318	1156	1169	BETE(®) MW125	T073	C3273359
28388318	1171	1174	Air	T167	C0001861
28388318	1175	1180	speed	T081	C0678536
28388318	1214	1225	spray plume	T082	C1254362
28388318	1226	1232	volume	T081	C0449468
28388318	1233	1248	median diameter	T081	C1301886
28388318	1250	1252	Dv	T081	C1301886
28388318	1267	1273	speeds	T081	C0678536
28388318	1286	1293	Fyfanon	T131	C1254354
28388318	1303	1314	spray plume	T082	C1254362
28388318	1319	1323	drop	T081	C4048603
28388318	1324	1330	volume	T081	C0449468
28388318	1331	1339	diameter	T081	C1301886
28388318	1341	1343	Dv	T081	C1301886
28388318	1394	1398	wind	T070	C0043187
28388318	1399	1404	speed	T081	C0678536
28388318	1418	1422	Drop	T081	C4048603
28388318	1418	1422	Drop	T081	C4048603
28388318	1423	1427	size	T082	C0456389
28388318	1453	1461	pressure	T067	C0033095
28388318	1463	1471	Dilution	T169	C1948037
28388318	1479	1486	product	T071	C1514468
28388318	1487	1499	formulations	T167	C0439962
28388318	1514	1516	Dv	T081	C1301886
28388318	1530	1541	spray plume	T082	C1254362
28388318	1568	1573	label	T073	C0181496
28388318	1574	1586	requirements	T169	C1514873
28388318	1596	1607	PJ15 nozzle	T073	C1709278
28388318	1609	1620	orientation	T082	C1704322
28388318	1628	1634	nozzle	T073	C1709278
28388318	1644	1648	wind	T070	C0043187
28388318	1696	1698	Dv	T081	C1301886
28388318	1745	1747	Dv	T081	C1301886
28388318	1811	1819	pressure	T067	C0033095
28388318	1821	1835	Rotary nozzles	T073	C1709278
28388318	1845	1857	spray plumes	T082	C1254362
28388318	1869	1872	EPA	T092	C0041712
28388318	1873	1878	label	T073	C0181496
28388318	1879	1891	requirements	T169	C1514873
28388318	1930	1933	Air	T167	C0001861
28388318	1934	1939	speed	T081	C0678536
28388318	1969	1971	Dv	T081	C1301886
28388318	1981	1983	Dv	T081	C1301886
28388318	1997	2002	plume	T082	C1254362
28388318	2006	2012	speeds	T081	C0678536
28388318	2025	2032	Fyfanon	T131	C1254354
28388318	2041	2055	ASC A20 nozzle	T073	C1709278
28388318	2061	2081	rotary AU5000 nozzle	T073	C1709278
28388318	2088	2098	Orchex 796	T131	C0021576
28388318	2108	2114	plumes	T082	C1254362
28388318	2125	2130	drops	T081	C4048603
28388318	2169	2183	rotary nozzles	T073	C1709278
28388318	2234	2246	formulations	T167	C0439962
28388318	2258	2261	EPA	T092	C0041712
28388318	2262	2267	label	T073	C0181496
28388318	2268	2280	requirements	T169	C1514873

28388350|t|Conjunctival tumor caused by Epstein-Barr virus -related infectious mononucleosis: Case report and review of literature
28388350|a|The conjunctival tumor associated with Epstein-Barr virus related infectious mononucleosis is a rare ocular manifestation. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We reported this rare condition that presented in a 5-year-old boy.
28388350	0	18	Conjunctival tumor	T191	C0009761
28388350	29	47	Epstein-Barr virus	T005	C0014644
28388350	57	81	infectious mononucleosis	T047	C0021345
28388350	83	94	Case report	T170	C0007320
28388350	99	119	review of literature	T170	C0282441
28388350	124	142	conjunctival tumor	T191	C0009761
28388350	159	177	Epstein-Barr virus	T005	C0014644
28388350	186	210	infectious mononucleosis	T047	C0021345
28388350	221	241	ocular manifestation	T184	C0015411
28388350	254	259	cases	T169	C0868928
28388350	286	296	literature	T170	C0023866
28388350	320	329	condition	T080	C0348080
28388350	361	364	boy	T100	C0870221

28388524|t|A sensitive method for the determination of Sulfonamides in seawater samples by Solid Phase Extraction and UV-Visible spectrophotometry
28388524|a|The authors have developed a sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of sulfonamide derivatives such as sulfanilamide (SAA), sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfacetamide (SCT) sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfadimethoxine (SDX), sulfamethiazole (SMT) and Sulfathiazole (STZ). This method is based on the Bratton-Marshall reaction, which involves the diazotization of sulfonamides with sodium nitrite under acidic conditions, followed by coupling with N-(1-naphtyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NED) to form a pink colored compound. Therefore, the Bratton-Marshall method was modified by optimizing the reaction conditions, which allows us to determine a low concentration range of sulfonamides compared to the reported methods. The limits of detection and quantification obtained were 0.019-0.05 and 0.06-0.16μgmL(-1), respectively. In comparison with other reported methods using different coupling agents, the proposed method was found to be the most simple and sensitive for sulfonamides determination. In this paper, the modified method was successfully employed for the determination of sulfonamides in drinking water, seawater and pharmaceutical and veterinary formulations. The purpose of this work is to optimize and develop a simple method for extraction and concentration of sulfonamides present as residues in seawater and their quantification with the recommended spectrophotometric method. Solid phase extraction (SPE) of sulfonamides from seawater samples was evaluated using Oasis HLB cartridges (3mL, 540mg). The recovery efficiency was investigated in the sulfonamides concentration range comprised between 0.19 and 126ngmL(-1). The ease of use of this extraction method makes it very useful for routine laboratory work.
28388524	2	11	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28388524	12	18	method	T059	C0871511
28388524	27	40	determination	T059	C1148554
28388524	44	56	Sulfonamides	T109	C0038760
28388524	60	68	seawater	T167	C0036499
28388524	69	76	samples	T167	C0370003
28388524	80	102	Solid Phase Extraction	T059	C1720880
28388524	107	135	UV-Visible spectrophotometry	T059	C0037808
28388524	140	147	authors	T097	C3812881
28388524	153	162	developed	T169	C1527148
28388524	165	174	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28388524	175	200	spectrophotometric method	T059	C0037808
28388524	205	218	determination	T059	C1148554
28388524	222	245	sulfonamide derivatives	T109	C0038760
28388524	254	267	sulfanilamide	T109,T195	C0038702
28388524	269	272	SAA	T109,T195	C0038702
28388524	275	287	sulfadiazine	T109,T195	C0038675
28388524	289	292	SDZ	T109,T195	C0038675
28388524	295	308	sulfacetamide	T109,T121	C0038670
28388524	310	313	SCT	T109,T121	C0038670
28388524	315	331	sulfamethoxazole	T109,T195	C0038689
28388524	333	336	SMX	T109,T195	C0038689
28388524	339	352	sulfamerazine	T109,T121	C0038684
28388524	354	357	SMR	T109,T121	C0038684
28388524	360	376	sulfadimethoxine	T109,T195	C0038676
28388524	378	381	SDX	T109,T195	C0038676
28388524	384	399	sulfamethiazole	T109	C0038760
28388524	401	404	SMT	T109	C0038760
28388524	410	423	Sulfathiazole	T109,T121	C0038722
28388524	425	428	STZ	T109,T121	C0038722
28388524	436	442	method	T059	C0871511
28388524	459	484	Bratton-Marshall reaction	T067	C0596319
28388524	505	518	diazotization	T067	C0596319
28388524	522	534	sulfonamides	T109	C0038760
28388524	540	554	sodium nitrite	T121,T197	C0037532
28388524	561	567	acidic	T103	C0001128
28388524	568	578	conditions	T080	C0348080
28388524	592	600	coupling	T169	C1948027
28388524	606	651	N-(1-naphtyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride	T109	C0029224
28388524	653	656	NED	T109	C0029224
28388524	668	680	pink colored	T080	C0332585
28388524	681	689	compound	T103	C1706082
28388524	706	729	Bratton-Marshall method	T067	C0596319
28388524	734	742	modified	T169	C0392747
28388524	746	756	optimizing	T052	C2698650
28388524	761	769	reaction	T169	C0443286
28388524	770	780	conditions	T080	C0348080
28388524	801	810	determine	T059	C1148554
28388524	813	816	low	T080	C0205251
28388524	817	830	concentration	T081	C1446561
28388524	831	836	range	T081	C1514721
28388524	840	852	sulfonamides	T109	C0038760
28388524	853	861	compared	T052	C1707455
28388524	878	885	methods	T059	C0871511
28388524	891	910	limits of detection	T081	C2718050
28388524	915	929	quantification	T081	C1709793
28388524	995	1005	comparison	T052	C1707455
28388524	1026	1033	methods	T059	C0871511
28388524	1040	1049	different	T080	C1705242
28388524	1050	1065	coupling agents	T109	C0029224
28388524	1071	1079	proposed	T080	C1553874
28388524	1080	1086	method	T059	C0871511
28388524	1112	1118	simple	T080	C0205352
28388524	1123	1132	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28388524	1137	1149	sulfonamides	T109	C0038760
28388524	1150	1163	determination	T059	C1148554
28388524	1184	1192	modified	T169	C0392747
28388524	1193	1199	method	T059	C0871511
28388524	1234	1247	determination	T059	C1148554
28388524	1251	1263	sulfonamides	T109	C0038760
28388524	1267	1281	drinking water	T167	C0599638
28388524	1283	1291	seawater	T167	C0036499
28388524	1296	1310	pharmaceutical	T121	C0013227
28388524	1315	1338	veterinary formulations	T121	C0376438
28388524	1371	1379	optimize	T052	C2698650
28388524	1384	1391	develop	T169	C1527148
28388524	1394	1400	simple	T080	C0205352
28388524	1401	1407	method	T059	C0871511
28388524	1412	1422	extraction	T059	C0684295
28388524	1427	1440	concentration	T081	C1446561
28388524	1444	1456	sulfonamides	T109	C0038760
28388524	1457	1464	present	T033	C0150312
28388524	1468	1476	residues	T077	C1709915
28388524	1480	1488	seawater	T167	C0036499
28388524	1499	1513	quantification	T081	C1709793
28388524	1535	1560	spectrophotometric method	T059	C0037808
28388524	1562	1584	Solid phase extraction	T059	C1720880
28388524	1586	1589	SPE	T059	C1720880
28388524	1594	1606	sulfonamides	T109	C0038760
28388524	1612	1620	seawater	T167	C0036499
28388524	1621	1628	samples	T167	C0370003
28388524	1649	1669	Oasis HLB cartridges	T074	C0179630
28388524	1688	1707	recovery efficiency	T081	C0013682
28388524	1712	1724	investigated	T169	C1292732
28388524	1732	1744	sulfonamides	T109	C0038760
28388524	1745	1758	concentration	T081	C1446561
28388524	1759	1764	range	T081	C1514721
28388524	1829	1839	extraction	T059	C0684295
28388524	1840	1846	method	T059	C0871511
28388524	1872	1879	routine	T080	C0205547
28388524	1880	1890	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28388524	1891	1895	work	T057	C0043227

28388882|t|An abdominal ectopic pregnancy following a frozen-thawed ART cycle: a case report and r eview of the literature
28388882|a|Ectopic pregnancy (EP) occurs in 1% of pregnancies and is reported to be more common in in vitro fertilization / intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF / ICSI) pregnancies. An abdominal ectopic pregnancy (AEP) is a rare form of EP, and there are few reports of an AEP after IVF / ICSI. In this case report, a rare case of AEP after frozen-thawed cycle of ICSI is presented. After a frozen-thawed cycle of ICSI, the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level at 4 weeks 0 days of gestation was 3.4 IU/L. Subsequent dysfunctional uterine bleeding was mistaken for menstruation; however, an AEP of 9 weeks with a fetal heart beat was observed by ultrasound. After the AEP was observed by ultrasound, it was extracted laparoscopically. A rare case of an AEP, which developed after frozen-thawed cycle of ICSI, presented with a very low serum HCG level. Even if the HCG titer is low, follow-up HCG levels and frequent medical examinations are necessary.
28388882	3	12	abdominal	T029	C0000726
28388882	13	30	ectopic pregnancy	T046	C0032987
28388882	31	40	following	T079	C0332282
28388882	43	66	frozen-thawed ART cycle	T061	C0872104
28388882	70	81	case report	T170	C0085973
28388882	88	111	eview of the literature	T170	C0282441
28388882	112	129	Ectopic pregnancy	T046	C0032987
28388882	130	134	(EP)	T046	C0032987
28388882	151	162	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
28388882	170	178	reported	T170	C0684224
28388882	190	196	common	T081	C0205214
28388882	200	222	in vitro fertilization	T061	C0015915
28388882	225	257	intracytoplasmic sperm injection	T061	C0455164
28388882	259	262	IVF	T061	C0015915
28388882	265	269	ICSI	T061	C0455164
28388882	271	282	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
28388882	287	296	abdominal	T029	C0000726
28388882	297	314	ectopic pregnancy	T046	C0032987
28388882	315	320	(AEP)	T046	C0032987
28388882	326	330	rare	T080	C0522498
28388882	339	341	EP	T046	C0032987
28388882	361	368	reports	T170	C0684224
28388882	375	378	AEP	T046	C0032987
28388882	385	388	IVF	T061	C0015915
28388882	391	395	ICSI	T061	C0455164
28388882	405	416	case report	T170	C0085973
28388882	420	424	rare	T080	C0522498
28388882	425	429	case	T077	C1706256
28388882	433	436	AEP	T046	C0032987
28388882	443	462	frozen-thawed cycle	T061	C0087111
28388882	466	470	ICSI	T061	C0455164
28388882	493	512	frozen-thawed cycle	T061	C0087111
28388882	516	520	ICSI	T061	C0455164
28388882	526	559	beta-human chorionic gonadotropin	T116,T125	C0106132
28388882	560	565	(HCG)	T116,T125	C0106132
28388882	566	571	level	T080	C0441889
28388882	577	582	weeks	T079	C0439230
28388882	585	589	days	T079	C0439228
28388882	593	602	gestation	T040	C0032961
28388882	611	615	IU/L	T081	C0439457
28388882	628	658	dysfunctional uterine bleeding	T046	C0025874
28388882	676	688	menstruation	T040	C0025344
28388882	702	705	AEP	T046	C0032987
28388882	711	716	weeks	T079	C0439230
28388882	724	729	fetal	T018	C0015965
28388882	730	740	heart beat	T042	C0425583
28388882	745	753	observed	T169	C1441672
28388882	757	767	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28388882	779	782	AEP	T046	C0032987
28388882	787	795	observed	T169	C1441672
28388882	799	809	ultrasound	T060	C0041618
28388882	818	827	extracted	T061	C0185115
28388882	828	844	laparoscopically	T060	C0031150
28388882	848	852	rare	T080	C0522498
28388882	853	857	case	T077	C1706256
28388882	864	867	AEP	T046	C0032987
28388882	891	910	frozen-thawed cycle	T170	C0282574
28388882	914	918	ICSI	T061	C0455164
28388882	920	929	presented	T078	C0449450
28388882	942	945	low	T080	C0205251
28388882	946	951	serum	T031	C0229671
28388882	952	955	HCG	T116,T125	C0106132
28388882	956	961	level	T080	C0441889
28388882	975	978	HCG	T116,T125	C0106132
28388882	979	984	titer	T081	C0475208
28388882	988	991	low	T080	C0205251
28388882	993	1002	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28388882	1003	1006	HCG	T116,T125	C0106132
28388882	1007	1013	levels	T080	C0441889
28388882	1018	1026	frequent	T079	C0332183
28388882	1027	1047	medical examinations	T058	C0582103
28388882	1052	1061	necessary	T080	C3898777

28389361|t|Annexin A1 nuclear translocation induces retinal ganglion cell apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury through the p65/IL-1β pathway
28389361|a|The degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) has been identified as a major problem in glaucoma. Previous studies have indicated an association between annexin A1 (ANXA1) and neuronal cell apoptosis, and RGCs apoptosis in acute ischemia-reperfusion was attributed to an increased production of IL-1β. We found that the expression and nuclear translocation of ANXA1 were upregulated in models of acute ischemia-reperfusion in RGCs in vivo. ANXA1 was found to have a promoting effect on the expression of IL-1β in primary cultured RGCs, which could be inhibited by treatment with ANXA1 shRNA or the p65 inhibitor BAY 11-7082. ANXA1 interacted with p65, and recruited it into the nucleus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that ANXA1 accumulated at the IL-1β gene promoter. The reduction of p65 nuclear translocation using a membrane-permeable ANXA1 peptide containing a Ser5Ala mutation led to a decrease in the expression of IL-1β, and acute ischemia-reperfusion induced RGCs apoptosis in vivo. These results indicate that in RGCs, ANXA1 increases IL-1β expression by recruiting p65 to the nucleus, which induces cell apoptosis. The obtained results may help the development of a novel treatment strategy against RGCs apoptosis in acute ischemia-reperfusion injury.
28389361	0	10	Annexin A1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
28389361	11	32	nuclear translocation	T044	C1518440
28389361	41	62	retinal ganglion cell	T025	C0035316
28389361	63	72	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28389361	79	106	ischemia-reperfusion injury	T037	C0349419
28389361	141	153	degeneration	T046	C0011164
28389361	157	179	retinal ganglion cells	T025	C0035316
28389361	181	185	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28389361	229	237	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
28389361	274	285	association	T080	C0439849
28389361	294	304	annexin A1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
28389361	306	311	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
28389361	317	340	neuronal cell apoptosis	T043	C1660771
28389361	346	350	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28389361	351	360	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28389361	364	369	acute	T079	C0205178
28389361	370	390	ischemia-reperfusion	T037	C0349419
28389361	436	441	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28389361	461	471	expression	T045	C1171362
28389361	476	497	nuclear translocation	T044	C1518440
28389361	501	506	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
28389361	512	523	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28389361	537	542	acute	T079	C0205178
28389361	543	563	ischemia-reperfusion	T037	C0349419
28389361	567	571	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28389361	572	579	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28389361	581	586	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
28389361	607	623	promoting effect	T052	C0033414
28389361	631	641	expression	T045	C1171362
28389361	645	650	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28389361	654	670	primary cultured	T059	C1449562
28389361	671	675	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28389361	692	701	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28389361	705	714	treatment	T169	C1522326
28389361	720	731	ANXA1 shRNA	T114	C2930586
28389361	739	764	p65 inhibitor BAY 11-7082	T109	C0969281
28389361	766	771	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
28389361	788	791	p65	T116,T123	C0599933
28389361	819	826	nucleus	T026	C0007610
28389361	828	863	Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay	T059	C0020980
28389361	878	883	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
28389361	903	913	IL-1β gene	T028	C1334112
28389361	914	922	promoter	T114,T123	C0033413
28389361	928	937	reduction	T080	C0392756
28389361	941	966	p65 nuclear translocation	T044	C1518440
28389361	975	993	membrane-permeable	T169	C0205326
28389361	994	1007	ANXA1 peptide	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
28389361	1021	1037	Ser5Ala mutation	T045	C0026882
28389361	1047	1055	decrease	T081	C0547047
28389361	1063	1073	expression	T045	C1171362
28389361	1077	1082	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28389361	1088	1093	acute	T079	C0205178
28389361	1094	1114	ischemia-reperfusion	T037	C0349419
28389361	1123	1127	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28389361	1128	1137	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28389361	1138	1145	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28389361	1153	1160	results	T169	C1274040
28389361	1178	1182	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28389361	1184	1189	ANXA1	T116,T121,T123	C0103403
28389361	1200	1205	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28389361	1206	1216	expression	T045	C1171362
28389361	1231	1234	p65	T116,T123	C0599933
28389361	1242	1249	nucleus	T026	C0007610
28389361	1257	1264	induces	T169	C0205263
28389361	1265	1279	cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28389361	1294	1301	results	T169	C1274040
28389361	1338	1356	treatment strategy	T061	C0040808
28389361	1365	1369	RGCs	T025	C0035316
28389361	1370	1379	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28389361	1383	1388	acute	T079	C0205178
28389361	1389	1416	ischemia-reperfusion injury	T037	C0349419

28389368|t|Silk I and Silk II studied by fast scanning calorimetry
28389368|a|Using fast scanning calorimetry (FSC), we investigated the glass transition and crystal melting of samples of B. mori silk fibroin containing Silk I and/or Silk II crystal s. Due to the very short residence times at high temperatures during such measurements, thermal decomposition of silk protein can be significantly suppressed. FSC was performed at 2000K/s using the Mettler Flash DSC1 on fibroin films with masses around 130-270ng. Films were prepared with different crystalline fractions (ranging from 0.26 to 0.50) and with different crystal structures (Silk I, Silk II, or mixed) by varying the processing conditions. These included water annealing at different temperatures, exposure to 50% MeOH in water, or autoclaving. The resulting crystal structure was examined using wide angle X-ray scattering. Degree of crystallinity was evaluated from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and from analysis of the heat capacity increment at the glass transition temperature. Silk fibroin films prepared by water annealing at 25°C were the least crystalline and had Silk I structure. FTIR and FSC studies showed that films prepared by autoclaving or 50% MeOH exposure were the most crystalline and had Silk II structure. Intermediate crystalline fraction and mixed Silk I / Silk II structure s were found in films prepared by water annealing at 37°C. FSC results indicate that Silk I I crystals exhibit endotherms of narrower width and have higher mean melting temperature Tm(II)=351±2.6°C, compared to Silk I crystals which melt at Tm(I)=292±3.8°C. Films containing mixed Silk I / Silk II structure showed two clearly separated endothermic peaks. Evidence suggests that the two types of crystal s melt separately and do not thermal ly interconvert on the extremely short time scale (0.065s between onset and end of melting) of the FSC experiment. Silkworm silk is a naturally occurring biomaterial. The fibroin component of silk forms two types of crystals. Silk properties depend upon the amount and type of crystals, and their stability. One measure of stability is crystal melting temperature. Crystal s which are more stable have a higher melting temperature. Until now, it has been challenging to study thermal behavior of silk crystal s because they degrade at high temperature. To avoid degradation, and study the melting properties of silk biomaterial, we heated silk at a very fast rate of 2000K/s using a special calorimeter. We have shown that the two crystal types have very different melting temperature s, indicating that one crystal type is much more stable than the other.
28389368	0	6	Silk I	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	11	18	Silk II	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	19	26	studied	T062	C2603343
28389368	30	55	fast scanning calorimetry	T059	C0006780
28389368	62	87	fast scanning calorimetry	T059	C0006780
28389368	89	92	FSC	T059	C0006780
28389368	98	110	investigated	T169	C1292732
28389368	115	131	glass transition	T052	C2700061
28389368	136	143	crystal	T104	C0444626
28389368	144	151	melting	T070	C0599882
28389368	155	162	samples	T167	C0370003
28389368	166	173	B. mori	T204	C0323309
28389368	174	186	silk fibroin	T116,T123	C1449666
28389368	198	204	Silk I	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	212	219	Silk II	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	220	227	crystal	T104	C0444626
28389368	247	252	short	T081	C1806781
28389368	253	262	residence	T082	C0237096
28389368	263	268	times	T079	C0040223
28389368	272	276	high	T080	C0205250
28389368	277	289	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28389368	302	314	measurements	T169	C0242485
28389368	316	323	thermal	T070	C0018837
28389368	324	337	decomposition	T067	C2700592
28389368	341	353	silk protein	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	361	374	significantly	T078	C0750502
28389368	375	385	suppressed	T080	C0443189
28389368	387	390	FSC	T059	C0006780
28389368	395	404	performed	T169	C0884358
28389368	426	444	Mettler Flash DSC1	T059	C0006780
28389368	448	455	fibroin	T116,T123	C0016042
28389368	456	461	films	T167	C1561572
28389368	467	473	masses	T081	C1306372
28389368	492	497	Films	T167	C1561572
28389368	517	526	different	T080	C1705242
28389368	527	538	crystalline	T104	C0444626
28389368	539	548	fractions	T081	C1264633
28389368	586	595	different	T080	C1705242
28389368	596	614	crystal structures	T104	C0444626
28389368	616	622	Silk I	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	624	631	Silk II	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	658	668	processing	T052	C1709694
28389368	669	679	conditions	T080	C0348080
28389368	696	701	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28389368	702	711	annealing	T061	C0150247
28389368	715	724	different	T080	C1705242
28389368	725	737	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28389368	739	750	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28389368	755	759	MeOH	T109,T131	C0001963
28389368	763	768	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28389368	773	784	autoclaving	T074	C0179177
28389368	790	799	resulting	T169	C1274040
28389368	800	817	crystal structure	T104	C0444626
28389368	837	847	wide angle	T082	C0205143
28389368	848	864	X-ray scattering	T060	C1306645
28389368	866	872	Degree	T081	C0449286
28389368	876	889	crystallinity	T104	C0444626
28389368	894	903	evaluated	T033	C0332128
28389368	909	955	Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
28389368	965	973	analysis	T062	C0936012
28389368	981	994	heat capacity	T081	C2349063
28389368	995	1004	increment	T081	C1705117
28389368	1012	1040	glass transition temperature	T080	C1257885
28389368	1042	1054	Silk fibroin	T116,T123	C1449666
28389368	1055	1060	films	T167	C1561572
28389368	1073	1078	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28389368	1079	1088	annealing	T061	C0150247
28389368	1112	1123	crystalline	T104	C0444626
28389368	1132	1138	Silk I	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	1139	1148	structure	T116	C1510464
28389368	1150	1154	FTIR	T062	C0206055
28389368	1159	1162	FSC	T059	C0006780
28389368	1163	1170	studies	T062	C2603343
28389368	1183	1188	films	T167	C1561572
28389368	1201	1212	autoclaving	T074	C0179177
28389368	1220	1224	MeOH	T109,T131	C0001963
28389368	1225	1233	exposure	T080	C0332157
28389368	1248	1259	crystalline	T104	C0444626
28389368	1268	1275	Silk II	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	1276	1285	structure	T116	C1510464
28389368	1287	1299	Intermediate	T082	C0205103
28389368	1300	1311	crystalline	T104	C0444626
28389368	1312	1320	fraction	T081	C1264633
28389368	1331	1337	Silk I	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	1340	1347	Silk II	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	1348	1357	structure	T116	C1510464
28389368	1374	1379	films	T167	C1561572
28389368	1392	1397	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28389368	1398	1407	annealing	T061	C0150247
28389368	1417	1420	FSC	T059	C0006780
28389368	1421	1428	results	T033	C0683954
28389368	1443	1449	Silk I	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	1443	1451	Silk I I	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	1452	1460	crystals	T104	C0444626
28389368	1469	1479	endotherms	T080	C0205556
28389368	1483	1497	narrower width	T080	C0333164
28389368	1507	1513	higher	T080	C0205250
28389368	1514	1518	mean	T081	C0444504
28389368	1519	1538	melting temperature	T081	C1456458
28389368	1557	1565	compared	T052	C1707455
28389368	1569	1575	Silk I	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	1576	1584	crystals	T104	C0444626
28389368	1591	1595	melt	T070	C0599882
28389368	1616	1621	Films	T167	C1561572
28389368	1639	1645	Silk I	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	1648	1655	Silk II	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	1656	1665	structure	T116	C1510464
28389368	1677	1684	clearly	T080	C2963144
28389368	1685	1694	separated	T080	C0443299
28389368	1695	1706	endothermic	T080	C0205556
28389368	1707	1712	peaks	T080	C0444505
28389368	1714	1722	Evidence	T078	C3887511
28389368	1754	1761	crystal	T104	C0444626
28389368	1764	1768	melt	T070	C0599882
28389368	1769	1779	separately	T080	C0443299
28389368	1791	1798	thermal	T070	C0018837
28389368	1802	1814	interconvert	T169	C0439836
28389368	1822	1831	extremely	T080	C0205403
28389368	1832	1837	short	T081	C1806781
28389368	1838	1848	time scale	T079	C0040223
28389368	1882	1889	melting	T070	C0599882
28389368	1898	1912	FSC experiment	T059	C0006780
28389368	1914	1922	Silkworm	T204	C0037119
28389368	1923	1927	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	1933	1942	naturally	T169	C0205296
28389368	1953	1964	biomaterial	T169	C1704781
28389368	1970	1987	fibroin component	T116,T123	C0016042
28389368	1991	2001	silk forms	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	2015	2023	crystals	T104	C0444626
28389368	2025	2029	Silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	2030	2040	properties	T080	C0871161
28389368	2057	2063	amount	T081	C1265611
28389368	2076	2084	crystals	T104	C0444626
28389368	2096	2105	stability	T080	C0205360
28389368	2111	2118	measure	T081	C0079809
28389368	2122	2131	stability	T080	C0205360
28389368	2135	2142	crystal	T104	C0444626
28389368	2143	2162	melting temperature	T081	C1456458
28389368	2164	2171	Crystal	T104	C0444626
28389368	2189	2195	stable	T080	C0205360
28389368	2203	2209	higher	T080	C0205250
28389368	2210	2229	melting temperature	T081	C1456458
28389368	2269	2274	study	T062	C2603343
28389368	2275	2282	thermal	T070	C0018837
28389368	2283	2291	behavior	T053	C0004927
28389368	2295	2299	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	2300	2307	crystal	T104	C0444626
28389368	2323	2330	degrade	T169	C1880269
28389368	2334	2338	high	T080	C0205250
28389368	2339	2350	temperature	T081	C0039476
28389368	2361	2372	degradation	T169	C0243125
28389368	2378	2383	study	T062	C2603343
28389368	2388	2395	melting	T070	C0599882
28389368	2396	2406	properties	T080	C0871161
28389368	2410	2414	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	2415	2426	biomaterial	T169	C1704781
28389368	2431	2437	heated	T067	C1522240
28389368	2438	2442	silk	T116,T121,T123	C0074529
28389368	2482	2501	special calorimeter	UnknownType	C0175896
28389368	2530	2537	crystal	T104	C0444626
28389368	2554	2563	different	T080	C1705242
28389368	2564	2583	melting temperature	T081	C1456458
28389368	2607	2614	crystal	T104	C0444626
28389368	2615	2619	type	T080	C0332307
28389368	2633	2639	stable	T080	C0205360

28389374|t|A Novel BRCA1-Associated Protein-1 Isoform Affects Response of Mesothelioma Cells to Drugs Impairing BRCA1 -Mediated DNA Repair
28389374|a|BRCA1 associated protein1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor involved in multiple cellular processes such as transcriptional regulation, chromatin modification by deubiquitinating histone 2A, and DNA repair. BAP1 mutations are frequent in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Our aim was to functionally characterize a newly identified isoform of BAP1 and investigate the effects of its expression on drug sensitivity in MPM. Expression of BAP1 isoforms was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in MPM and normal mesothelium cell lines and tumor and nontumor samples. Histone H2A ubiquitination levels were analyzed by Western blot after acidic extraction of core histones. Subcellular localization of BAP1 isoforms was examined by immunofluorescence. MPM cell survival in response to poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)- mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors was analyzed by in vitro assays. We have identified a novel alternative splice isoform of BAP1 (BAP1Δ) that misses part of the catalytic domain. Cells transfected with BAP1Δ showed reduced deubiquitinating activity compared with full-length BAP1. The expression of BAP1Δ transcript is more abundant in nontumor than in tumor samples. MPM cell lines expressing more than 20% of BAP1Δ are more sensitive to olaparib (a PARP1 inhibitor) cytotoxicity, and this sensitivity is enhanced when olaparib treatment is combined with GDC0980 (a dual PI3K - mTOR inhibitor), which induces downregulation of BRCA1. These observations suggest that BAP1Δ does regulate DNA damage response and influences drug sensitivity. It might therefore be relevant to investigate whether patients with high expression of BAP1Δ may be responsive to PARP / PI3K - mTOR inhibitors.
28389374	8	34	BRCA1-Associated Protein-1	T116,T123	C1368335
28389374	35	42	Isoform	T116	C0597298
28389374	43	50	Affects	T077	C4054723
28389374	51	59	Response	T032	C0871261
28389374	63	81	Mesothelioma Cells	T191	C0025500
28389374	85	90	Drugs	T121	C0013227
28389374	91	100	Impairing	T169	C0221099
28389374	101	106	BRCA1	T116,T123	C1528558
28389374	117	127	DNA Repair	T045	C0012899
28389374	128	153	BRCA1 associated protein1	T116,T123	C1368335
28389374	155	159	BAP1	T116,T123	C1368335
28389374	166	182	tumor suppressor	T116,T123	C0597611
28389374	195	203	multiple	T081	C0439064
28389374	204	222	cellular processes	T043	C0007613
28389374	231	257	transcriptional regulation	T045	C1158770
28389374	259	281	chromatin modification	T045	C1156197
28389374	285	301	deubiquitinating	T044	C1157996
28389374	302	312	histone 2A	T116	C0147579
28389374	318	328	DNA repair	T045	C0012899
28389374	330	334	BAP1	T116,T123	C1368335
28389374	335	344	mutations	T045	C0026882
28389374	349	357	frequent	T079	C0332183
28389374	361	391	malignant pleural mesothelioma	T191	C0812413
28389374	393	396	MPM	T191	C0812413
28389374	403	406	aim	T078	C1947946
28389374	414	426	functionally	T169	C0205245
28389374	427	439	characterize	T080	C1521970
28389374	448	458	identified	T080	C0205396
28389374	459	466	isoform	T116	C0597298
28389374	467	474	of BAP1	T116,T123	C1368335
28389374	479	490	investigate	T169	C1292732
28389374	495	502	effects	T080	C1280500
28389374	510	520	expression	T045	C0017262
28389374	524	540	drug sensitivity	T032	C0237865
28389374	544	547	MPM	T191	C0812413
28389374	549	559	Expression	T045	C0017262
28389374	563	567	BAP1	T116,T123	C1368335
28389374	581	589	detected	T033	C0442726
28389374	593	631	quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T059	C2733022
28389374	635	638	MPM	T191	C0812413
28389374	643	649	normal	T080	C0205307
28389374	650	661	mesothelium	T024	C0086610
28389374	662	672	cell lines	T025	C0007600
28389374	677	682	tumor	T024	C0475358
28389374	687	703	nontumor samples	T024	C1292533
28389374	705	716	Histone H2A	T116,T123	C0019646
28389374	717	731	ubiquitination	T044	C1156207
28389374	732	738	levels	T080	C0441889
28389374	744	752	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28389374	756	768	Western blot	T059	C0949466
28389374	775	792	acidic extraction	T059	C0684295
28389374	796	809	core histones	T116	C2987130
28389374	811	822	Subcellular	T026	C3893246
28389374	823	835	localization	T169	C0475264
28389374	839	843	BAP1	T116,T123	C1368335
28389374	844	852	isoforms	T116	C0597298
28389374	857	865	examined	T033	C0332128
28389374	869	887	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
28389374	889	892	MPM	T191	C0812413
28389374	893	906	cell survival	T043	C0007620
28389374	910	918	response	T032	C0871261
28389374	922	967	poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase	T116,T126	C0032405
28389374	969	973	PARP	T116,T126	C0032405
28389374	984	1009	phosphoinositide 3-kinase	T116,T126	C0044602
28389374	1011	1015	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28389374	1018	1047	mammalian target of rapamycin	T116,T126	C1307407
28389374	1049	1053	mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
28389374	1055	1065	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28389374	1070	1078	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28389374	1082	1097	in vitro assays	T062	C1515653
28389374	1107	1117	identified	T080	C0205396
28389374	1126	1152	alternative splice isoform	T116	C1720834
28389374	1156	1160	BAP1	T116,T123	C1368335
28389374	1162	1167	BAP1Δ	T028	C1332380
28389374	1193	1209	catalytic domain	T087	C0600499
28389374	1211	1216	Cells	T025	C0007634
28389374	1217	1228	transfected	T063	C0040669
28389374	1234	1239	BAP1Δ	T028	C1332380
28389374	1247	1254	reduced	T080	C0392756
28389374	1255	1280	deubiquitinating activity	T044	C1157996
28389374	1281	1289	compared	T052	C1707455
28389374	1307	1311	BAP1	T116,T123	C1368335
28389374	1317	1327	expression	T045	C0017262
28389374	1331	1336	BAP1Δ	T028	C1332380
28389374	1337	1347	transcript	T114	C1519595
28389374	1356	1364	abundant	T080	C2346714
28389374	1368	1376	nontumor	T024	C1292533
28389374	1400	1403	MPM	T191	C0812413
28389374	1404	1414	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28389374	1415	1425	expressing	T045	C0017262
28389374	1443	1448	BAP1Δ	T028	C1332380
28389374	1458	1467	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28389374	1471	1479	olaparib	T109,T121	C2316164
28389374	1483	1488	PARP1	T116,T126	C1567710
28389374	1489	1498	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28389374	1500	1512	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28389374	1523	1534	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28389374	1538	1546	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28389374	1552	1560	olaparib	T109,T121	C2316164
28389374	1561	1570	treatment	T058	C3887704
28389374	1574	1582	combined	T080	C0205195
28389374	1588	1595	GDC0980	T121	C2984520
28389374	1604	1608	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28389374	1611	1615	mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
28389374	1616	1625	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28389374	1634	1641	induces	T169	C0205263
28389374	1642	1656	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28389374	1660	1665	BRCA1	T116,T123	C1528558
28389374	1673	1685	observations	T062	C0302523
28389374	1699	1704	BAP1Δ	T028	C1332380
28389374	1710	1738	regulate DNA damage response	T043	C3270705
28389374	1743	1753	influences	T077	C4054723
28389374	1754	1770	drug sensitivity	T032	C0237865
28389374	1794	1802	relevant	T080	C2347946
28389374	1806	1817	investigate	T169	C1292732
28389374	1826	1834	patients	T101	C0030705
28389374	1840	1844	high	T080	C0205250
28389374	1845	1855	expression	T045	C0017262
28389374	1859	1864	BAP1Δ	T028	C1332380
28389374	1872	1882	responsive	T201	C0521982
28389374	1886	1890	PARP	T116,T126	C0032405
28389374	1893	1897	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28389374	1900	1904	mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
28389374	1905	1915	inhibitors	T121	C0014432

28389382|t|High-density speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) for three dimensional tomographic imaging of the small animal brain
28389382|a|High-density speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) utilizing tens of thousands of source - detector pairs, was developed for in vivo imaging of blood flow in small animals. The reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to local ischemic stroke in a mouse brain was transcanially imaged and reconstructed in three dimensions. The reconstructed volume was then compared with corresponding magnetic resonance images demonstrating that the volume of reduced CBF agrees with the infarct zone at twenty-four hours.
28389382	0	48	High-density speckle contrast optical tomography	T060	C1257736
28389382	50	54	SCOT	T060	C1257736
28389382	60	77	three dimensional	T082	C0450363
28389382	78	97	tomographic imaging	T060	C0040395
28389382	105	110	small	T081	C0700321
28389382	111	117	animal	T008	C0003062
28389382	118	123	brain	T023	C0006104
28389382	124	172	High-density speckle contrast optical tomography	T060	C1257736
28389382	174	178	SCOT	T060	C1257736
28389382	211	217	source	T033	C0449416
28389382	220	228	detector	T073	C0180392
28389382	254	261	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28389382	262	283	imaging of blood flow	T060	C3703911
28389382	287	292	small	T081	C0700321
28389382	293	300	animals	T008	C0003062
28389382	306	315	reduction	T080	C0392756
28389382	319	338	cerebral blood flow	T042	C0007818
28389382	340	343	CBF	T042	C0007818
28389382	352	357	local	T082	C0205276
28389382	358	373	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
28389382	379	384	mouse	T015	C0025929
28389382	385	390	brain	T023	C0006104
28389382	395	408	transcanially	T082	C0442348
28389382	420	433	reconstructed	T052	C0441655
28389382	437	453	three dimensions	T082	C0450363
28389382	459	472	reconstructed	T052	C0441655
28389382	473	479	volume	T081	C0449468
28389382	489	497	compared	T052	C1707455
28389382	517	535	magnetic resonance	T070	C0917874
28389382	536	542	images	T078	C1551337
28389382	566	572	volume	T081	C0449468
28389382	576	583	reduced	T080	C0392756
28389382	584	587	CBF	T042	C0007818
28389382	604	611	infarct	T047	C0007785
28389382	612	616	zone	T082	C1710706
28389382	632	637	hours	T079	C0439227

28389629|t|Inhibition of p70 S6 kinase (S6K1) activity by A77 1726, the active metabolite of leflunomide, induces autophagy through TAK1 -mediated AMPK and JNK activation
28389629|a|mTOR activation suppresses autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1 at S757 and suppressing its enzymatic activity. Here we report that feedback activation of mTOR in the PI-3 kinase pathway by two p70 S6 kinase (S6K1) inhibitors (PF-4708671 and A77 1726, the active metabolite of an immunosuppressive drug leflunomide) or by S6K1 knockdown did not suppress but rather induced autophagy. Suppression of S6K1 activity led to the phosphorylation and activation of AMPK, which then phosphorylated ULK1 at S555. While mTOR feedback activation led to increased phosphorylation of ULK1 at S757, this modification did not the disrupt ULK1 - AMPK interaction nor dampen ULK1 S555 phosphorylation and the induction of autophagy. In addition, inhibition of S6K1 activity led to JNK activation, which also contributed to autophagy. 5Z-7-oxozeaenol, a specific inhibitor of TAK1, or TAK1 siRNA blocked A77 1726 -induced activation of AMPK and JNK, and LC3 lipidation. Taken together, our study establishes S6K1 as a key player in the PI-3 kinase pathway to suppress autophagy through inhibiting AMPK and JNK in a TAK1 -dependent manner.
28389629	0	10	Inhibition	T040	C2248397
28389629	14	27	p70 S6 kinase	T116,T126	C2827383
28389629	29	33	S6K1	T116,T126	C2827383
28389629	35	43	activity	T044	C0243102
28389629	47	55	A77 1726	T109,T121	C0100724
28389629	61	78	active metabolite	T123	C0870883
28389629	82	93	leflunomide	T109,T121	C0063041
28389629	103	112	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28389629	121	125	TAK1	T116,T126	C0379816
28389629	136	140	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28389629	145	148	JNK	T116,T126	C0291988
28389629	149	159	activation	T045	C0599177
28389629	160	164	mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
28389629	165	175	activation	T045	C0599177
28389629	176	186	suppresses	T169	C1260953
28389629	187	196	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28389629	200	215	phosphorylating	T044	C1158886
28389629	216	220	ULK1	T116,T126	C1313678
28389629	233	244	suppressing	T169	C1260953
28389629	249	267	enzymatic activity	T044	C2267219
28389629	298	308	activation	T045	C0599177
28389629	312	316	mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
28389629	324	335	PI-3 kinase	T116,T126	C0044602
28389629	336	343	pathway	T044	C0037080
28389629	351	364	p70 S6 kinase	T116,T126	C2827383
28389629	366	370	S6K1	T116,T126	C2827383
28389629	372	382	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28389629	384	394	PF-4708671	T109,T121	C2976138
28389629	399	407	A77 1726	T109,T121	C0100724
28389629	413	430	active metabolite	T123	C0870883
28389629	437	459	immunosuppressive drug	T121,T129	C0021081
28389629	460	471	leflunomide	T109,T121	C0063041
28389629	479	483	S6K1	T028	C1419748
28389629	484	493	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28389629	502	510	suppress	T169	C1260953
28389629	530	539	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28389629	541	552	Suppression	T169	C1260953
28389629	556	560	S6K1	T116,T126	C2827383
28389629	561	569	activity	T044	C1537044
28389629	581	596	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28389629	601	611	activation	T045	C0599177
28389629	615	619	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28389629	632	646	phosphorylated	T044	C1158886
28389629	647	651	ULK1	T116,T126	C1313678
28389629	667	671	mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
28389629	681	691	activation	T045	C0599177
28389629	709	724	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28389629	728	732	ULK1	T116,T126	C1313678
28389629	780	784	ULK1	T116,T126	C1313678
28389629	787	791	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28389629	792	803	interaction	T044	C0872079
28389629	815	819	ULK1	T116,T126	C1313678
28389629	825	840	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28389629	849	858	induction	T169	C0205263
28389629	862	871	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28389629	886	896	inhibition	T040	C2248397
28389629	900	904	S6K1	T116,T126	C2827383
28389629	905	913	activity	T044	C0243102
28389629	921	924	JNK	T116,T126	C0291988
28389629	925	935	activation	T045	C0599177
28389629	963	972	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28389629	974	989	5Z-7-oxozeaenol	T121	C1254351
28389629	1002	1011	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28389629	1015	1019	TAK1	T116,T126	C0379816
28389629	1024	1028	TAK1	T116,T126	C0379816
28389629	1029	1034	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28389629	1043	1051	A77 1726	T109,T121	C0100724
28389629	1061	1071	activation	T045	C0599177
28389629	1075	1079	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28389629	1084	1087	JNK	T116,T126	C0291988
28389629	1093	1096	LC3	T116	C3540600
28389629	1097	1107	lipidation	T044	C1157479
28389629	1147	1151	S6K1	T116,T126	C2827383
28389629	1175	1186	PI-3 kinase	T116,T126	C0044602
28389629	1187	1194	pathway	T044	C0037080
28389629	1198	1206	suppress	T169	C1260953
28389629	1207	1216	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28389629	1225	1235	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28389629	1236	1240	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28389629	1245	1248	JNK	T116,T126	C0291988
28389629	1254	1258	TAK1	T116,T126	C0379816

28389633|t|Leonurine Attenuates Hyperalgesia in Mice with Induced Adenomyosis
28389633|a|BACKGROUND Adenomyosis, defined as the invasion of endometrial glands and stroma into the myometrium, is a common gynecological disorder. In the present study we report on the effect of leonurine on ICR mice with adenomyosis induced by neonatal tamoxifen. MATERIAL AND METHODS After being treated with tamoxifen for 4, 8, and 12 weeks, we assessed body weight and pain modulation in mice in hotplate tests. The mice were divided into 5 groups: a low-dose leonurine treatment group, a high-dose leonurine treatment group, a valproic acid (VPA) treatment group, a vehicle only treatment group, and a blank control group. We evaluated body weight, pain modulation in hotplate tests, and the depth of myometrial infiltration. Immunoreactivity staining of progesterone receptor (PR), nuclear factor-κB phosphorylated-p65 (p-p65), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and oxytocin receptor (OTR) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The measurement of the body weight, myometrial infiltration, and pain modulation showed that neonatal tamoxifen treatment led to adenomyosis. Leonurine treatment appeared to decrease hyperalgesia and myometrial infiltration. Immunoreactivity staining showed decreased p-p65, COX-2, and OTR protein expressions. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that leonurine attenuates hyperalgesia in mice with induced adenomyosis via down-regulating expressions of p-P65, COX-2, and OTR, and could be beneficial for treating adenomyosis.
28389633	0	9	Leonurine	T109	C0064761
28389633	10	20	Attenuates	T052	C0599946
28389633	21	33	Hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28389633	37	41	Mice	T015	C0026809
28389633	47	54	Induced	T169	C0205263
28389633	55	66	Adenomyosis	T047	C0341858
28389633	78	89	Adenomyosis	T047	C0341858
28389633	106	114	invasion	T046	C2699153
28389633	118	136	endometrial glands	T023	C0227848
28389633	141	147	stroma	T023	C0927195
28389633	157	167	myometrium	T023	C0027088
28389633	174	180	common	T081	C0205214
28389633	181	203	gynecological disorder	T047	C0017411
28389633	229	235	report	T170	C0684224
28389633	243	249	effect	T080	C1280500
28389633	253	262	leonurine	T109	C0064761
28389633	266	274	ICR mice	T015	C0025925
28389633	280	291	adenomyosis	T047	C0341858
28389633	292	299	induced	T169	C0205263
28389633	303	311	neonatal	T079	C2939425
28389633	312	321	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28389633	356	363	treated	T169	C1522326
28389633	369	378	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28389633	406	414	assessed	T052	C1516048
28389633	415	426	body weight	T032	C0005910
28389633	431	435	pain	T184	C0030193
28389633	450	454	mice	T015	C0026809
28389633	458	466	hotplate	T074	C0182315
28389633	467	472	tests	T059	C0022885
28389633	478	482	mice	T015	C0026809
28389633	488	495	divided	T169	C0332849
28389633	503	509	groups	T078	C0441833
28389633	513	521	low-dose	T081	C0445550
28389633	522	531	leonurine	T109	C0064761
28389633	532	541	treatment	T061	C0087111
28389633	542	547	group	T078	C0441833
28389633	551	560	high-dose	T081	C0444956
28389633	561	570	leonurine	T109	C0064761
28389633	571	580	treatment	T061	C0087111
28389633	581	586	group	T078	C0441833
28389633	590	603	valproic acid	T109,T121	C0042291
28389633	605	608	VPA	T109,T121	C0042291
28389633	610	619	treatment	T061	C0087111
28389633	620	625	group	T078	C0441833
28389633	629	636	vehicle	T122	C0042444
28389633	637	641	only	T081	C0205171
28389633	642	651	treatment	T061	C0087111
28389633	652	657	group	T078	C0441833
28389633	665	670	blank	T033	C0750479
28389633	671	684	control group	T096	C0009932
28389633	689	698	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28389633	699	710	body weight	T032	C0005910
28389633	731	739	hotplate	T074	C0182315
28389633	740	745	tests	T059	C0022885
28389633	755	760	depth	T082	C0205125
28389633	764	774	myometrial	T029	C0521387
28389633	775	787	infiltration	T046	C0332448
28389633	789	805	Immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
28389633	806	814	staining	T059	C0487602
28389633	818	839	progesterone receptor	T116,T192	C0034833
28389633	841	843	PR	T116,T192	C0034833
28389633	846	882	nuclear factor-κB phosphorylated-p65	T116,T123	C1567061
28389633	884	889	p-p65	T116,T123	C1567061
28389633	892	908	cyclooxygenase-2	T116,T126	C1447194
28389633	910	915	COX-2	T116,T126	C1447194
28389633	922	939	oxytocin receptor	T116,T192	C3849099
28389633	941	944	OTR	T116,T192	C3849099
28389633	950	959	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28389633	963	983	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28389633	997	1008	measurement	T169	C0242485
28389633	1016	1027	body weight	T032	C0005910
28389633	1029	1039	myometrial	T029	C0521387
28389633	1040	1052	infiltration	T046	C0332448
28389633	1086	1094	neonatal	T079	C2939425
28389633	1095	1104	tamoxifen	T109,T121	C0039286
28389633	1105	1114	treatment	T061	C0087111
28389633	1122	1133	adenomyosis	T047	C0341858
28389633	1135	1144	Leonurine	T109	C0064761
28389633	1145	1154	treatment	T061	C0087111
28389633	1167	1175	decrease	T081	C0547047
28389633	1176	1188	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28389633	1193	1203	myometrial	T029	C0521387
28389633	1204	1216	infiltration	T046	C0332448
28389633	1218	1234	Immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
28389633	1235	1243	staining	T059	C0487602
28389633	1251	1260	decreased	T081	C0205216
28389633	1261	1266	p-p65	T116,T123	C1567061
28389633	1268	1273	COX-2	T116,T126	C1447194
28389633	1279	1282	OTR	T116,T192	C3849099
28389633	1283	1302	protein expressions	T045	C1171362
28389633	1342	1351	leonurine	T109	C0064761
28389633	1352	1362	attenuates	T052	C0599946
28389633	1363	1375	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28389633	1379	1383	mice	T015	C0026809
28389633	1389	1396	induced	T169	C0205263
28389633	1397	1408	adenomyosis	T047	C0341858
28389633	1413	1428	down-regulating	T044	C0013081
28389633	1429	1440	expressions	T045	C1171362
28389633	1444	1449	p-P65	T116,T123	C1567061
28389633	1451	1456	COX-2	T116,T126	C1447194
28389633	1462	1465	OTR	T116,T192	C3849099
28389633	1495	1503	treating	T169	C1522326
28389633	1504	1515	adenomyosis	T047	C0341858

28389961|t|Chemotactic Behaviors of Vibrio cholerae Cells
28389961|a|Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, swims in aqueous environments with a single polar flagellum. In a spatial gradient of a chemical, the bacterium can migrate in " favorable " directions, a property that is termed chemotaxis. The chemotaxis of V. cholerae is not only critical for survival in various environments and but also is implicated in pathogenicity. In this chapter, we describe how to characterize the chemotactic behaviors of V. cholerae: these methods include swarm assay, temporal stimulation assay, capillary assay, and receptor methylation assay.
28389961	0	21	Chemotactic Behaviors	T043	C0008018
28389961	25	40	Vibrio cholerae	T007	C0042629
28389961	41	46	Cells	T025	C0007634
28389961	47	62	Vibrio cholerae	T007	C0042629
28389961	68	83	causative agent	T001	C0314732
28389961	87	94	cholera	T047	C0008354
28389961	96	101	swims	T056	C0039003
28389961	105	112	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28389961	113	125	environments	T082	C0014406
28389961	133	139	single	T081	C0205171
28389961	140	145	polar	T081	C0813983
28389961	146	155	flagellum	T026	C0230928
28389961	162	169	spatial	T082	C2348232
28389961	170	178	gradient	T081	C0812409
28389961	184	192	chemical	T103	C0220806
28389961	198	207	bacterium	T007	C0004611
28389961	212	219	migrate	T169	C0232902
28389961	225	234	favorable	T080	C3640814
28389961	237	247	directions	T082	C0439755
28389961	275	285	chemotaxis	T043	C0008018
28389961	291	301	chemotaxis	T043	C0008018
28389961	305	316	V. cholerae	T007	C0042629
28389961	342	350	survival	T169	C0220921
28389961	362	374	environments	T082	C0014406
28389961	473	494	chemotactic behaviors	T043	C0008018
28389961	498	509	V. cholerae	T007	C0042629
28389961	517	524	methods	T169	C0449851
28389961	533	544	swarm assay	T059	C0005507
28389961	546	572	temporal stimulation assay	T059	C0005507
28389961	574	589	capillary assay	T059	C0005507
28389961	595	621	receptor methylation assay	T059	C0005507

28389983|t|Single Stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry Assignment of the C-5 Uronic Acid Stereochemistry in Heparan Sulfate Tetrasaccharides using Electron Detachment Dissociation
28389983|a|The analysis of heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans presents many challenges, due to the high degree of structural heterogeneity arising from their non-template biosynthesis. Complete structural elucidation of glycosaminoglycans necessitates the unambiguous assignments of sulfo modifications and the C-5 uronic acid stereochemistry. Efforts to develop tandem mass spectrometric-based methods for the structural analysis of glycosaminoglycans have focused on the assignment of sulfo positions. The present work focuses on the assignment of the C-5 stereochemistry of the uronic acid that lies closest to the reducing end. Prior work with electron-based tandem mass spectrometry methods, specifically electron detachment dissociation (EDD), have shown great promise in providing stereo-specific product ions, such as the B3 (´) - CO2, which has been found to distinguish glucuronic acid (GlcA) from iduronic acid (IdoA) in some HS tetrasaccharides. The previously observed diagnostic ions are generally not observed with 2-O-sulfo uronic acids or for more highly sulfated heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides. A recent study using electron detachment dissociation and principal component analysis revealed a series of ions that correlate with GlcA versus IdoA for a set of 2-O-sulfo HS tetrasaccharide standards. The present work comprehensively investigates the efficacy of these ions for assigning the C-5 stereochemistry of the reducing end uronic acid in 33 HS tetrasaccharides. A diagnostic ratio can be computed from the sum of the ions that correlate to GlcA to those that correlate to IdoA. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
28389983	0	37	Single Stage Tandem Mass Spectrometry	T063	C0599748
28389983	38	48	Assignment	T169	C1516050
28389983	56	71	C-5 Uronic Acid	T109	C0020817
28389983	72	87	Stereochemistry	T082	C2350023
28389983	91	123	Heparan Sulfate Tetrasaccharides	T109,T123	C0019143
28389983	130	162	Electron Detachment Dissociation	T062	C0035177
28389983	167	175	analysis	T062	C0936012
28389983	179	218	heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans	T109,T123	C0019143
28389983	271	281	structural	T082	C0678594
28389983	282	295	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28389983	315	340	non-template biosynthesis	T052	C1883254
28389983	351	373	structural elucidation	T052	C0441655
28389983	377	395	glycosaminoglycans	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
28389983	425	436	assignments	T169	C1516050
28389983	440	445	sulfo	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28389983	468	483	C-5 uronic acid	T109	C0020817
28389983	484	499	stereochemistry	T082	C2350023
28389983	520	559	tandem mass spectrometric-based methods	T062	C0035177
28389983	568	587	structural analysis	T061	C0204514
28389983	591	609	glycosaminoglycans	T109,T121,T123	C0017973
28389983	630	640	assignment	T169	C1516050
28389983	644	649	sulfo	T121,T123,T196	C0038774
28389983	650	659	positions	T082	C0733755
28389983	693	703	assignment	T169	C1516050
28389983	711	730	C-5 stereochemistry	T082	C2350023
28389983	738	749	uronic acid	T109	C0042081
28389983	805	852	electron-based tandem mass spectrometry methods	T062	C0035177
28389983	867	899	electron detachment dissociation	T062	C0035177
28389983	901	904	EDD	T062	C0035177
28389983	945	968	stereo-specific product	T071	C1514468
28389983	969	973	ions	T196	C0022023
28389983	987	989	B3	T196	C2349968
28389983	996	999	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28389983	1037	1052	glucuronic acid	T109,T123	C0061444
28389983	1054	1058	GlcA	T109,T123	C0061444
28389983	1065	1078	iduronic acid	T109	C0020817
28389983	1080	1084	IdoA	T109	C0020817
28389983	1094	1113	HS tetrasaccharides	T109,T123	C0019143
28389983	1139	1149	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28389983	1150	1154	ions	T196	C0022023
28389983	1187	1209	2-O-sulfo uronic acids	T109	C0042081
28389983	1229	1270	sulfated heparan sulfate tetrasaccharides	T109,T123	C0019143
28389983	1281	1286	study	T062	C2603343
28389983	1293	1325	electron detachment dissociation	T062	C0035177
28389983	1330	1358	principal component analysis	T081	C0429865
28389983	1380	1384	ions	T196	C0022023
28389983	1390	1399	correlate	T080	C1707520
28389983	1405	1409	GlcA	T109,T123	C0061444
28389983	1417	1421	IdoA	T109	C0020817
28389983	1435	1463	2-O-sulfo HS tetrasaccharide	T109,T123	C0019143
28389983	1508	1520	investigates	T169	C1292732
28389983	1543	1547	ions	T196	C0022023
28389983	1552	1561	assigning	T169	C1516050
28389983	1566	1585	C-5 stereochemistry	T082	C2350023
28389983	1606	1617	uronic acid	T109	C0042081
28389983	1624	1643	HS tetrasaccharides	T109,T123	C0019143
28389983	1647	1657	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28389983	1658	1663	ratio	T081	C0456603
28389983	1700	1704	ions	T196	C0022023
28389983	1710	1719	correlate	T080	C1707520
28389983	1723	1727	GlcA	T109,T123	C0061444
28389983	1755	1759	IdoA	T109	C0020817

28389985|t|A Malaria Transmission Model with Temperature -Dependent Incubation Period
28389985|a|Malaria is an infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and is transmitted among humans by female Anopheles mosquitoes. Climate factors have significant impact on both mosquito life cycle and parasite development. To consider the temperature sensitivity of the extrinsic incubation period (EIP) of malaria parasites, we formulate a delay differential equations model with a periodic time delay. We derive the basic reproduction ratio [Formula: see text] and establish a threshold type result on the global dynamics in terms of [Formula: see text], that is, the unique disease-free periodic solution is globally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text]; and the model system admits a unique positive periodic solution which is globally asymptotically stable if [Formula: see text]. Numerically, we parameterize the model with data from Maputo Province, Mozambique, and simulate the long-term behavior of solutions. The simulation result is consistent with the obtained analytic result. In addition, we find that using the time -averaged EIP may underestimate the basic reproduction ratio.
28389985	2	9	Malaria	T047	C0024530
28389985	10	22	Transmission	T046	C0242781
28389985	23	28	Model	T170	C0876936
28389985	34	45	Temperature	T081	C0039476
28389985	57	74	Incubation Period	T033	C1320226
28389985	75	82	Malaria	T047	C0024530
28389985	89	107	infectious disease	T047	C0009450
28389985	118	128	Plasmodium	T204	C0032148
28389985	129	138	parasites	T204	C0030498
28389985	146	157	transmitted	T046	C0242781
28389985	164	170	humans	T016	C0086418
28389985	174	180	female	T032	C0086287
28389985	181	190	Anopheles	T204	C0003117
28389985	191	201	mosquitoes	T204	C0026584
28389985	203	210	Climate	T070	C0008946
28389985	211	218	factors	T169	C1521761
28389985	224	235	significant	T078	C0750502
28389985	251	259	mosquito	T204	C0026584
28389985	260	270	life cycle	T079	C0023675
28389985	275	283	parasite	T204	C0030498
28389985	284	295	development	T040	C0678723
28389985	313	324	temperature	T081	C0039476
28389985	325	336	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28389985	344	371	extrinsic incubation period	T033	C1443980
28389985	373	376	EIP	T033	C1443980
28389985	381	388	malaria	T047	C0024530
28389985	389	398	parasites	T204	C0030498
28389985	403	412	formulate	T169	C0033210
28389985	415	449	delay differential equations model	T170	C0876936
28389985	457	465	periodic	T079	C0332182
28389985	466	476	time delay	T079	C0522486
28389985	492	516	basic reproduction ratio	T081	C1564867
28389985	518	525	Formula	T170	C0489829
28389985	553	562	threshold	T080	C0449864
28389985	568	574	result	T169	C1274040
28389985	582	588	global	T080	C2348867
28389985	611	618	Formula	T170	C0489829
28389985	651	663	disease-free	T080	C3898900
28389985	664	681	periodic solution	T081	C2350481
28389985	685	693	globally	T080	C2348867
28389985	694	715	asymptotically stable	T080	C0205360
28389985	720	727	Formula	T170	C0489829
28389985	748	760	model system	T170	C0876936
28389985	786	803	periodic solution	T081	C2350481
28389985	813	821	globally	T080	C2348867
28389985	822	843	asymptotically stable	T080	C0205360
28389985	848	855	Formula	T170	C0489829
28389985	868	879	Numerically	T081	C0237753
28389985	901	906	model	T170	C0876936
28389985	912	916	data	T078	C1511726
28389985	922	937	Maputo Province	T083	C0017446
28389985	939	949	Mozambique	T083	C0026655
28389985	955	963	simulate	T062	C0679083
28389985	990	999	solutions	T081	C2350481
28389985	1005	1015	simulation	T062	C0679083
28389985	1016	1022	result	T169	C1274040
28389985	1055	1070	analytic result	T169	C1274040
28389985	1108	1112	time	T079	C0040223
28389985	1108	1112	time	T079	C0040223
28389985	1123	1126	EIP	T033	C1443980
28389985	1149	1173	basic reproduction ratio	T081	C1564867

28390121|t|Probiotics and oral health: A systematic review
28390121|a|Probiotics are microorganisms, mainly bacteria, which benefit the host's health. Many studies support the role of probiotics as a contributor to gastrointestinal health, and nowadays many authors are trying to prove its influence in oral health maintenance. To review the published literature with the purpose of knowing the importance of using probiotics as a preventive and therapeutic method for oral infectious diseases management. An electronic search in PubMed database with the keywords " oral health AND probiotics AND dentistry " was conducted. The inclusion criteria were: randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assess the action of any probiotic strain in the treatment and / or prevention of an infectious oral disease, RCTs that assess the action of any probiotic strain on counting colony forming units (CFU) of oral pathogens, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The Jadad scale was used to assess the high quality of RCTs. Fifteen articles were considered for this review. Of which, 12 were RCTs of good / high quality (Jadad scale), two meta-analysis and one systematic review. The literature reviewed suggests probiotics usage could be beneficial for the maintenance of oral health, due to its ability to decrease the colony forming units (CFU) counts of the oral pathogens. However, randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up periods are needed to confirm their efficacy in reducing the prevalence/incidence of oral infectious diseases. Furthermore, the recognition of specific strains with probiotic activity for each infectious oral disease is required, in order to determine exact dose, treatment time and ideal vehicles.
28390121	0	10	Probiotics	T007	C0525033
28390121	15	26	oral health	T058	C0029162
28390121	30	47	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28390121	48	58	Probiotics	T007	C0525033
28390121	63	77	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28390121	86	94	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28390121	102	109	benefit	T081	C0814225
28390121	114	120	host's	T001	C1167395
28390121	121	127	health	T078	C0018684
28390121	162	172	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28390121	193	209	gastrointestinal	T082	C0521362
28390121	210	216	health	T078	C0018684
28390121	222	230	nowadays	T079	C0439228
28390121	236	243	authors	T097	C3812881
28390121	268	277	influence	T077	C4054723
28390121	281	304	oral health maintenance	T061	C0150289
28390121	320	340	published literature	T170	C0023866
28390121	373	383	importance	T080	C3898777
28390121	393	403	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28390121	409	419	preventive	T061	C0204169
28390121	424	442	therapeutic method	T061	C0087111
28390121	447	462	oral infectious	T047	C0555971
28390121	463	482	diseases management	T058	C0376636
28390121	487	497	electronic	T078	C0013850
28390121	498	504	search	T052	C1706202
28390121	508	523	PubMed database	T170	C1138432
28390121	533	541	keywords	T170	C1708608
28390121	544	555	oral health	T058	C0029162
28390121	560	570	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28390121	575	584	dentistry	T091	C0011438
28390121	606	624	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28390121	631	657	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28390121	659	663	RCTs	T062,T170	C0206034
28390121	681	687	action	T052	C3266814
28390121	695	704	probiotic	T007	C0525033
28390121	705	711	strain	T001	C1518614
28390121	719	728	treatment	T061	C0087111
28390121	738	748	prevention	T061	C0199176
28390121	755	778	infectious oral disease	T047	C0555971
28390121	780	784	RCTs	T062,T170	C0206034
28390121	801	807	action	T052	C3266814
28390121	815	824	probiotic	T007	C0525033
28390121	825	831	strain	T001	C1518614
28390121	835	843	counting	T059	C0009380
28390121	844	864	colony forming units	T081	C0553561
28390121	866	869	CFU	T081	C0553561
28390121	874	878	oral	T030	C0226896
28390121	879	888	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28390121	890	908	systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
28390121	913	926	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28390121	932	943	Jadad scale	T081	C0392762
28390121	967	971	high	T080	C0205250
28390121	972	979	quality	T080	C0332306
28390121	983	987	RCTs	T062,T170	C0206034
28390121	989	996	Fifteen	T081	C3715153
28390121	997	1005	articles	T170	C0282420
28390121	1011	1021	considered	T078	C0750591
28390121	1057	1061	RCTs	T062,T170	C0206034
28390121	1065	1069	good	T080	C0205170
28390121	1072	1076	high	T080	C0205250
28390121	1077	1084	quality	T080	C0332306
28390121	1086	1097	Jadad scale	T081	C0392762
28390121	1104	1117	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28390121	1126	1143	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28390121	1149	1159	literature	T170	C0023866
28390121	1160	1168	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28390121	1178	1188	probiotics	T007	C0525033
28390121	1189	1194	usage	T169	C0457083
28390121	1204	1214	beneficial	T080	C3827682
28390121	1223	1234	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28390121	1238	1249	oral health	T058	C0029162
28390121	1273	1281	decrease	T081	C0547047
28390121	1286	1306	colony forming units	T081	C0553561
28390121	1308	1311	CFU	T081	C0553561
28390121	1313	1319	counts	T081	C0750480
28390121	1327	1331	oral	T030	C0226896
28390121	1332	1341	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28390121	1352	1378	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28390121	1384	1393	long-term	T079	C0443252
28390121	1394	1403	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28390121	1404	1411	periods	T079	C1948053
28390121	1416	1422	needed	T080	C0027552
28390121	1426	1433	confirm	T080	C1456348
28390121	1440	1448	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28390121	1452	1460	reducing	T080	C0392756
28390121	1465	1485	prevalence/incidence	T081	C0683919
28390121	1489	1513	oral infectious diseases	T047	C0555971
28390121	1532	1543	recognition	T169	C0205245
28390121	1547	1555	specific	T080	C0205369
28390121	1556	1563	strains	T001	C1518614
28390121	1569	1587	probiotic activity	T033	C0243095
28390121	1597	1620	infectious oral disease	T047	C0555971
28390121	1662	1666	dose	T081	C0178602
28390121	1668	1682	treatment time	T079	C3494202
28390121	1687	1692	ideal	T080	C1512612
28390121	1693	1701	vehicles	T122	C0042444

28390176|t|Cucurbitacin B Protects Against Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy
28390176|a|Lack of effective anti-cardiac hypertrophy drugs creates a major cause for the increasing prevalence of heart failure. In the present study, we determined the anti-hypertrophy and anti-fibrosis potential of a natural plant triterpenoid, Cucurbitacin B both in vitro and in vivo. Aortic banding (AB) was performed to induce cardiac hypertrophy. After 1 week of surgery, mice were receive cucurbitacin B treatment (Gavage, 0.2 mg/kg body weight /2 day). After 4 weeks of AB, cucurbitacin B demonstrated a strong anti-hypertrophy and -fibrosis ability as evidenced by decreased of heart weight, myocardial cell cross-sectional area and interstitial fibrosis, ameliorated of systolic and diastolic abnormalities, normalized in gene expression of hypertrophic and fibrotic markers, reserved microvascular density in pressure overload induced hypertrophic mice. Cucurbitacin B also showed significant hypertrophy inhibitory effect in phenylephrine stimulated cardiomyocytes. The Cucurbitacin B -mediated mitigated cardiac hypertrophy was attributable to the increasing level of autophagy, which was associated with the blockade of Akt / mTOR / FoxO3a signal pathway, validated by SC79, MK2206, and 3-MA, the Akt agonist, inhibitor and autophagy inhibitor in vitro. The overexpression of constitutively active Akt completely abolished the Cucurbitacin B -mediated protection of cardiac hypertrophy in human cardiomyocytes AC16. Collectively, our findings suggest that cucurbitacin B protects against cardiac hypertrophy through increasing the autophagy level in cardiomyocytes, which is associated with the inhibition of Akt / mTOR / FoxO3a signal axis. J. Cell. Biochem. 9999: 1-12, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
28390176	0	14	Cucurbitacin B	T109,T121	C0056580
28390176	32	40	Pressure	T184	C0497233
28390176	41	49	Overload	UnknownType	C0684338
28390176	58	77	Cardiac Hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
28390176	96	126	anti-cardiac hypertrophy drugs	T121	C1254351
28390176	143	148	cause	T169	C0015127
28390176	168	178	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28390176	182	195	heart failure	T047	C0018801
28390176	237	253	anti-hypertrophy	T033	C0243095
28390176	258	271	anti-fibrosis	T033	C0243095
28390176	272	281	potential	T080	C3245505
28390176	287	300	natural plant	T002	C0032098
28390176	301	313	triterpenoid	T109	C1519655
28390176	315	329	Cucurbitacin B	T109,T121	C0056580
28390176	335	343	in vitro	T062	C0681828
28390176	348	355	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28390176	357	371	Aortic banding	T061	C0185014
28390176	373	375	AB	T061	C0185014
28390176	401	420	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
28390176	438	445	surgery	T061	C0543467
28390176	447	451	mice	T015	C0025929
28390176	465	479	cucurbitacin B	T109,T121	C0056580
28390176	480	489	treatment	T061	C0087111
28390176	491	497	Gavage	T169	C2698653
28390176	509	520	body weight	T032	C0005910
28390176	547	549	AB	T061	C0185014
28390176	551	565	cucurbitacin B	T109,T121	C0056580
28390176	588	604	anti-hypertrophy	T033	C0243095
28390176	609	618	-fibrosis	T033	C0243095
28390176	656	661	heart	T023	C0018787
28390176	662	668	weight	T081	C0043100
28390176	670	685	myocardial cell	T025	C0225828
28390176	686	706	cross-sectional area	T201	C2923394
28390176	711	732	interstitial fibrosis	T046	C0240035
28390176	749	757	systolic	T079	C0039155
28390176	762	771	diastolic	T201	C0012000
28390176	772	785	abnormalities	T033	C0205161
28390176	801	816	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28390176	820	832	hypertrophic	T046	C0020564
28390176	837	845	fibrotic	T169	C0334129
28390176	846	853	markers	T201	C0005516
28390176	864	885	microvascular density	T080	C3272839
28390176	889	897	pressure	T184	C0497233
28390176	898	906	overload	UnknownType	C0684338
28390176	915	927	hypertrophic	T046	C0020564
28390176	928	932	mice	T015	C0025929
28390176	934	948	Cucurbitacin B	T109,T121	C0056580
28390176	973	984	hypertrophy	T046	C0020564
28390176	985	1002	inhibitory effect	T033	C0243095
28390176	1006	1019	phenylephrine	T109,T121	C0031469
28390176	1020	1030	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28390176	1031	1045	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28390176	1051	1065	Cucurbitacin B	T109,T121	C0056580
28390176	1076	1085	mitigated	T067	C1553901
28390176	1086	1105	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
28390176	1150	1159	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28390176	1171	1186	associated with	T080	C0332281
28390176	1191	1199	blockade	T169	C0332206
28390176	1203	1206	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
28390176	1209	1213	mTOR	T116,T126	C1453984
28390176	1216	1222	FoxO3a	T116,T123	C1506134
28390176	1223	1237	signal pathway	T044	C0037080
28390176	1252	1256	SC79	T109	C4307495
28390176	1258	1264	MK2206	T109,T121	C2933427
28390176	1270	1274	3-MA	T114	C0047569
28390176	1280	1283	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
28390176	1284	1291	agonist	T121	C2987634
28390176	1293	1302	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28390176	1307	1316	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28390176	1317	1326	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28390176	1327	1335	in vitro	T062	C0681828
28390176	1341	1355	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28390176	1381	1384	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
28390176	1410	1424	Cucurbitacin B	T109,T121	C0056580
28390176	1449	1468	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
28390176	1472	1477	human	T016	C0086418
28390176	1478	1497	cardiomyocytes AC16	T025	C0225828
28390176	1539	1553	cucurbitacin B	T109,T121	C0056580
28390176	1571	1590	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
28390176	1614	1623	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28390176	1633	1647	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28390176	1658	1673	associated with	T080	C0332281
28390176	1678	1688	inhibition	T043	C1519312
28390176	1692	1695	Akt	T116,T126	C0164786
28390176	1698	1702	mTOR	T116,T126	C1453984
28390176	1705	1711	FoxO3a	T116,T123	C1506134
28390176	1712	1723	signal axis	T044	C0037080

28390302|t|Impacts of cold weather on all- cause and cause - specific mortality in Texas, 1990-2011
28390302|a|Cold weather was estimated to account for more than half of weather - related deaths in the U.S. during 2006-2010. Studies have shown that cold - related excessive mortality is especially relevant with decreasing latitude or in regions with mild winter. However, only limited studies have been conducted in the southern U.S. The purpose of our study is to examine impacts of cold weather on mortality in 12 major Texas Metropolitan Areas (MSAs) for the 22- year period, 1990-2011. Our study used a two-stage approach to examine the cold - mortality association. We first applied distributed lag non-linear models (DLNM) to 12 major MSAs to estimate cold effects for each area. A random effects meta-analysis was then used to estimate pooled effects. Age-stratified and cause - specific mortalities were modeled separately for each MSA. Most of the MSAs were associated with an increased risk in mortality ranging from 0.1% to 5.0% with a 1 °C decrease in temperature below the cold thresholds. Higher increased mortality risks were generally observed in MSAs with higher average daily mean temperatures and lower latitudes. Pooled effect estimate was 1.58% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.81, 2.37]) increase in all- cause mortality risk with a 1 °C decrease in temperature. Cold wave effects in Texas were also examined, and several MSAs along the Texas Gulf Coast showed statistically significant cold wave - mortality associations. Effects of cold on all- cause mortality were highest among people over 75 years old (1.86%, 95% CI [1.09, 2.63]). Pooled estimates for cause - specific mortality were strongest in myocardial infarction (4.30%, 95% CI [1.18, 7.51]), followed by respiratory diseases (3.17%, 95% CI [0.26, 6.17]) and ischemic heart diseases (2.54%, 95% CI [1.08, 4.02]). In conclusion, cold weather generally increases mortality risk significantly in Texas, and the cold effects vary with MSAs, age groups, and cause - specific deaths.
28390302	0	7	Impacts	T080	C4049986
28390302	11	23	cold weather	T070	C0337005
28390302	32	37	cause	T078	C0085978
28390302	42	47	cause	T078	C0085978
28390302	50	58	specific	T080	C0205369
28390302	59	68	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	72	77	Texas	T083	C0039711
28390302	89	101	Cold weather	T070	C0337005
28390302	106	115	estimated	T081	C0750572
28390302	141	145	half	T081	C2825407
28390302	149	156	weather	T070	C0043085
28390302	159	166	related	T080	C0439849
28390302	167	173	deaths	T081	C0205848
28390302	181	185	U.S.	T083	C0041703
28390302	228	232	cold	T070	C0337005
28390302	235	242	related	T080	C0439849
28390302	243	252	excessive	T080	C0442802
28390302	253	262	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	277	285	relevant	T080	C2347946
28390302	291	301	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28390302	302	310	latitude	T081	C1627936
28390302	317	324	regions	UnknownType	C0681784
28390302	330	334	mild	T080	C2945599
28390302	335	341	winter	T079	C0241737
28390302	400	408	southern	T082	C1710133
28390302	409	413	U.S.	T083	C0041703
28390302	433	438	study	T062	C2603343
28390302	445	452	examine	T033	C0332128
28390302	453	460	impacts	T080	C4049986
28390302	464	476	cold weather	T070	C0337005
28390302	480	489	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	502	507	Texas	T083	C0039711
28390302	508	526	Metropolitan Areas	UnknownType	C0815251
28390302	528	532	MSAs	UnknownType	C0815251
28390302	546	550	year	T079	C0439234
28390302	551	557	period	T079	C1948053
28390302	574	579	study	T062	C2603343
28390302	587	596	two-stage	T079	C0205390
28390302	609	616	examine	T033	C0332128
28390302	621	625	cold	T070	C0337005
28390302	628	637	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	638	649	association	T080	C0439849
28390302	660	667	applied	T169	C4048755
28390302	668	701	distributed lag non-linear models	T077	C0206165
28390302	703	707	DLNM	T077	C0206165
28390302	721	725	MSAs	UnknownType	C0815251
28390302	729	737	estimate	T081	C0750572
28390302	738	750	cold effects	T037	C0161734
28390302	783	796	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28390302	814	822	estimate	T081	C0750572
28390302	823	829	pooled	T169	C2349200
28390302	830	837	effects	T080	C1280500
28390302	858	863	cause	T078	C0085978
28390302	866	874	specific	T080	C0205369
28390302	875	886	mortalities	T081	C0026565
28390302	920	923	MSA	UnknownType	C0815251
28390302	937	941	MSAs	UnknownType	C0815251
28390302	947	962	associated with	T080	C0332281
28390302	966	975	increased	T081	C0205217
28390302	976	980	risk	T078	C0035647
28390302	984	993	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	994	1001	ranging	T081	C1514721
28390302	1032	1040	decrease	T081	C0547047
28390302	1044	1055	temperature	T081	C0039476
28390302	1066	1070	cold	T070	C0009264
28390302	1071	1081	thresholds	T080	C0449864
28390302	1083	1089	Higher	T080	C0205250
28390302	1090	1099	increased	T081	C0205217
28390302	1100	1109	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	1110	1115	risks	T078	C0035647
28390302	1131	1139	observed	T169	C1441672
28390302	1143	1147	MSAs	UnknownType	C0815251
28390302	1153	1159	higher	T080	C0205250
28390302	1160	1167	average	T081	C1510992
28390302	1168	1173	daily	T079	C0332173
28390302	1174	1191	mean temperatures	T081	C0039476
28390302	1202	1211	latitudes	T081	C1627936
28390302	1213	1219	Pooled	T169	C2349200
28390302	1220	1226	effect	T080	C1280500
28390302	1227	1235	estimate	T081	C0750572
28390302	1251	1270	Confidence Interval	T081	C0009667
28390302	1272	1274	CI	T081	C0009667
28390302	1290	1298	increase	T169	C0442805
28390302	1307	1312	cause	T078	C0085978
28390302	1313	1322	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	1323	1327	risk	T078	C0035647
28390302	1340	1348	decrease	T081	C0547047
28390302	1352	1363	temperature	T081	C0039476
28390302	1365	1374	Cold wave	T070	C0337005
28390302	1375	1382	effects	T080	C1280500
28390302	1386	1391	Texas	T083	C0039711
28390302	1402	1410	examined	T033	C0332128
28390302	1424	1428	MSAs	UnknownType	C0815251
28390302	1439	1444	Texas	T083	C0039711
28390302	1445	1455	Gulf Coast	UnknownType	C0684034
28390302	1463	1488	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28390302	1489	1498	cold wave	T070	C0337005
28390302	1501	1510	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	1511	1523	associations	T080	C0439849
28390302	1525	1535	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28390302	1536	1540	cold	T070	C0337005
28390302	1549	1554	cause	T078	C0085978
28390302	1555	1564	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	1570	1577	highest	T080	C1522410
28390302	1584	1590	people	T098	C0027361
28390302	1599	1604	years	T079	C0439234
28390302	1621	1623	CI	T081	C0009667
28390302	1639	1645	Pooled	T169	C2349200
28390302	1646	1655	estimates	T081	C0750572
28390302	1660	1665	cause	T078	C0085978
28390302	1668	1676	specific	T080	C0205369
28390302	1677	1686	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	1705	1726	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28390302	1739	1741	CI	T081	C0009667
28390302	1769	1789	respiratory diseases	T047	C0035204
28390302	1802	1804	CI	T081	C0009667
28390302	1823	1846	ischemic heart diseases	T047	C0151744
28390302	1859	1861	CI	T081	C0009667
28390302	1892	1904	cold weather	T070	C0337005
28390302	1915	1924	increases	T081	C0205217
28390302	1925	1934	mortality	T081	C0205848
28390302	1935	1939	risk	T078	C0035647
28390302	1957	1962	Texas	T083	C0039711
28390302	1972	1984	cold effects	T037	C0161734
28390302	1995	1999	MSAs	UnknownType	C0815251
28390302	2001	2011	age groups	T100	C0027362
28390302	2017	2022	cause	T078	C0085978
28390302	2025	2033	specific	T080	C0205369
28390302	2034	2040	deaths	T081	C0205848

28390852|t|Cardiovascular comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Canary Islands (CCECAN study)
28390852|a|Numerous studies have shown a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidity in a Canary Islands population diagnosed with COPD, and compared it with data from the general population. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 300 patients with COPD and 524 subjects without respiratory disease (control group). The two groups were compared using standard bivariate methods. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the cardiovascular risks in COPD patients compared to control group. Patients with COPD showed a high prevalence of hypertension (72%), dyslipidaemia (73%), obesity (41%), diabetes type 2 (39%), and sleep apnoea syndrome (30%) from mild stages of the disease (GOLD 2009). There was a 22% prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia, 16% of ischaemic heart disease, 16% heart failure, 12% peripheral vascular disease, and 8% cerebrovascular disease. Compared to the control group, patients with COPD had a higher risk of dyslipidaemia (OR 3.24, 95% CI; 2.21-4.75), diabetes type 2 (OR 1.52, 95% CI; 1.01-2,28), and ischaemic heart disease (OR 2.34, 95% CI; 1.22-4.49). In the case of dyslipidaemia, an increased risk was obtained when adjusted for age, gender, and consumption of tobacco (OR 5.04, 95% CI; 2.36-10.74). Patients with COPD resident in the Canary Islands have a high prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, ischaemic heart disease, and cardiac arrhythmia. Compared to general population, patients with COPD have a significant increase in the risk of dyslipidaemia.
28390852	0	14	Cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28390852	15	26	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28390852	30	38	patients	T101	C0030705
28390852	44	81	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
28390852	89	103	Canary Islands	T083	C0454662
28390852	105	117	CCECAN study	T062	C0008972
28390852	128	135	studies	T059	C0947630
28390852	149	164	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
28390852	168	190	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28390852	194	202	patients	T101	C0030705
28390852	208	245	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	T047	C0024117
28390852	247	251	COPD	T047	C0024117
28390852	258	261	aim	T078	C1947946
28390852	270	275	study	T062	C0008972
28390852	283	305	analyse the prevalence	T081	C0033106
28390852	309	336	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28390852	341	352	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28390852	358	372	Canary Islands	T083	C0454662
28390852	373	383	population	T081	C0032659
28390852	384	393	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28390852	399	403	COPD	T047	C0024117
28390852	426	430	data	T078	C1511726
28390852	440	458	general population	T098	C0683971
28390852	462	483	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28390852	507	515	patients	T101	C0030705
28390852	521	525	COPD	T047	C0024117
28390852	534	542	subjects	T098	C0080105
28390852	551	570	respiratory disease	T047	C0035242
28390852	572	585	control group	T096	C0009932
28390852	596	602	groups	T098	C1257890
28390852	608	616	compared	T052	C1707455
28390852	623	649	standard bivariate methods	UnknownType	C0681927
28390852	651	677	Logistic regression models	T062	C0871424
28390852	691	699	estimate	T081	C0750572
28390852	704	724	cardiovascular risks	T047	C0850624
28390852	728	732	COPD	T047	C0024117
28390852	733	741	patients	T101	C0030705
28390852	754	767	control group	T096	C0009932
28390852	769	777	Patients	T101	C0030705
28390852	783	787	COPD	T047	C0024117
28390852	797	812	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
28390852	816	828	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28390852	836	849	dyslipidaemia	T047	C0242339
28390852	857	864	obesity	T047	C0028754
28390852	872	887	diabetes type 2	T047	C0011860
28390852	899	920	sleep apnoea syndrome	T047	C0037315
28390852	937	958	stages of the disease	T060	C0699749
28390852	988	998	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28390852	1002	1020	cardiac arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
28390852	1029	1052	ischaemic heart disease	T047	C0010068
28390852	1058	1071	heart failure	T047	C0018801
28390852	1077	1104	peripheral vascular disease	T047	C0085096
28390852	1113	1136	cerebrovascular disease	T047	C0007820
28390852	1154	1167	control group	T096	C0009932
28390852	1169	1177	patients	T101	C0030705
28390852	1183	1187	COPD	T047	C0024117
28390852	1194	1205	higher risk	T033	C3843761
28390852	1209	1222	dyslipidaemia	T047	C0242339
28390852	1253	1268	diabetes type 2	T047	C0011860
28390852	1303	1326	ischaemic heart disease	T047	C0010068
28390852	1372	1385	dyslipidaemia	T047	C0242339
28390852	1390	1404	increased risk	T033	C3843761
28390852	1423	1431	adjusted	T169	C0456081
28390852	1436	1439	age	T032	C0001779
28390852	1441	1447	gender	T032	C0079399
28390852	1453	1475	consumption of tobacco	T055	C0543414
28390852	1507	1515	Patients	T101	C0030705
28390852	1521	1525	COPD	T047	C0024117
28390852	1526	1534	resident	T098	C2347958
28390852	1542	1556	Canary Islands	T083	C0454662
28390852	1564	1579	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
28390852	1583	1595	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28390852	1597	1610	dyslipidaemia	T047	C0242339
28390852	1612	1635	ischaemic heart disease	T047	C0010068
28390852	1641	1659	cardiac arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
28390852	1661	1669	Compared	T052	C1707455
28390852	1673	1691	general population	T098	C0683971
28390852	1693	1701	patients	T101	C0030705
28390852	1707	1711	COPD	T047	C0024117
28390852	1719	1730	significant	T081	C0237881
28390852	1731	1751	increase in the risk	T033	C3843761
28390852	1755	1768	dyslipidaemia	T047	C0242339

28391514|t|Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Experimental Allergic Asthma
28391514|a|Ovalbumin - induced allergic lung inflammation (ALI) is a condition believed to be mediated by cytokines, extracellular matrix remodeling, and redox imbalance. In this study, we evaluated pulmonary function together with inflammatory markers as interleukin-4 (IL-4), myeloperoxidase (MPO), eosinophil cells, and redox markers in the lungs of BALB/c mice after ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. Our results showed an increase in bronchial hyperresponsiveness stimulated by methacholine (Mch), inflammatory cell influx, especially eosinophils together with an increase of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and altered lipid peroxidation (LP) and antioxidant defenses in the OVA group compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.5). Thus, we demonstrated that OVA - induced ALI altered redox status concomitantly with impaired lung function, which was associated with HMGB1 expression and proteolytic remodeling. Taken together all results found here, we may suggest HMGB1 is an important therapeutic target for asthma, once orchestrates the redox signaling, inflammation, and remodeling that contribute to the disease development.
28391514	0	12	Inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28391514	17	33	Oxidative Stress	T049	C0242606
28391514	34	41	Markers	T201	C0005516
28391514	45	57	Experimental	T080	C1517586
28391514	58	73	Allergic Asthma	T047	C0155877
28391514	74	83	Ovalbumin	T116,T123	C0029923
28391514	86	93	induced	T169	C0205263
28391514	94	120	allergic lung inflammation	T047	C0002390
28391514	122	125	ALI	T047	C0002390
28391514	132	141	condition	T080	C0348080
28391514	169	178	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28391514	180	200	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
28391514	201	211	remodeling	T038	C1820201
28391514	217	222	redox	T044	C0030012
28391514	223	232	imbalance	T184	C1397014
28391514	242	247	study	T062	C2603343
28391514	252	261	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28391514	262	280	pulmonary function	T042	C0231921
28391514	295	307	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28391514	308	315	markers	T201	C0005516
28391514	319	332	interleukin-4	T116,T129	C0021758
28391514	334	338	IL-4	T116,T129	C0021758
28391514	341	356	myeloperoxidase	T116,T126	C0027021
28391514	358	361	MPO	T116,T126	C0027021
28391514	364	380	eosinophil cells	T025	C0014467
28391514	386	391	redox	T044	C0030012
28391514	392	399	markers	T201	C0005516
28391514	407	412	lungs	T023	C0024109
28391514	416	427	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
28391514	434	443	ovalbumin	T116,T123	C0029923
28391514	445	448	OVA	T116,T123	C0029923
28391514	450	463	sensitization	T040	C1325847
28391514	468	477	challenge	T059	C0022885
28391514	483	490	results	T169	C1274040
28391514	501	509	increase	T169	C0442805
28391514	513	542	bronchial hyperresponsiveness	T047	C0085129
28391514	543	553	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28391514	557	569	methacholine	T109,T121	C0600370
28391514	571	574	Mch	T109,T121	C0600370
28391514	577	589	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28391514	590	601	cell influx	T043	C0007613
28391514	614	625	eosinophils	T025	C0014467
28391514	643	651	increase	T169	C0442805
28391514	655	680	high mobility group box 1	T116,T123	C0019796
28391514	682	687	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
28391514	701	719	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
28391514	721	723	LP	T044	C0023775
28391514	729	740	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28391514	741	749	defenses	T077	C1880266
28391514	757	760	OVA	T116,T123	C0029923
28391514	761	766	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28391514	783	796	control group	T096	C0009932
28391514	835	838	OVA	T116,T123	C0029923
28391514	841	848	induced	T169	C0205263
28391514	849	852	ALI	T047	C0002390
28391514	861	866	redox	T044	C0030012
28391514	874	887	concomitantly	T079	C0521115
28391514	893	901	impaired	T169	C0221099
28391514	902	915	lung function	T039	C0035245
28391514	927	942	associated with	T080	C0332281
28391514	943	948	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
28391514	949	959	expression	T045	C1171362
28391514	964	975	proteolytic	T044	C0597304
28391514	976	986	remodeling	T038	C1820201
28391514	1007	1014	results	T169	C1274040
28391514	1042	1047	HMGB1	T116,T123	C0019796
28391514	1054	1063	important	T080	C3898777
28391514	1064	1075	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28391514	1076	1082	target	T169	C1521840
28391514	1087	1093	asthma	T047	C0004096
28391514	1100	1112	orchestrates	T080	C0205556
28391514	1117	1122	redox	T044	C0030012
28391514	1123	1132	signaling	T038	C3537152
28391514	1134	1146	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28391514	1152	1162	remodeling	T038	C3714634
28391514	1186	1193	disease	T047	C0012634
28391514	1194	1205	development	T169	C1527148

28391546|t|Association among prematurity (<30 weeks' gestational age), blood pressure, urinary albumin, calcium, and phosphate in early childhood
28391546|a|There is a paucity of data on blood pressures (BP), urinary albumin, and mineral excretion in early childhood in contemporary cohorts of extremely low gestational age (GA) neonates. Our aim was to compare BPs and the urinary excretion of albumin, calcium, and phosphate in preterm and term-born cohorts in early childhood. This was a prospective observational study conducted at a single center, involving children <5 years age, born preterm (GA <30 weeks) or at term (≥37 weeks' GA). Urinary albumin (mg/L), calcium and phosphate levels indexed to creatinine (mg/dL), and BP were measured. The median (IQR) follow-up age of our cohort (n = 106) was 30 (16-48) months. Preterm-born children (n = 55) had a significantly lower mean GA and birth weight and higher mean systolic, diastolic, and mean BPs, compared with term (n = 51) controls. A significantly higher proportion of preterm-born children weighed <10th centile and had systolic BP >95th centile at follow-up. Albumin and calcium excretion did not differ between the groups; median urine-phosphate creatinine ratios were higher in the preterm group. On logistic regression, lower GA and younger age at follow-up were significantly associated with an increased risk of systolic and diastolic BP above the 95th centile; male gender was associated with decreased risk of diastolic hypertension. Even in early childhood, children born preterm had significantly elevated BP, compared with their term-born counterparts. Closer monitoring of BPs in this population may be warranted.
28391546	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28391546	18	29	prematurity	T047	C0021294
28391546	31	57	<30 weeks' gestational age	T032	C0017504
28391546	60	74	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28391546	76	83	urinary	T080	C1524119
28391546	84	91	albumin	T116	C2362049
28391546	93	100	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28391546	106	115	phosphate	T121,T197	C0031603
28391546	119	134	early childhood	T079	C0599196
28391546	157	161	data	T078	C1511726
28391546	165	180	blood pressures	T040	C0005823
28391546	182	184	BP	T040	C0005823
28391546	187	194	urinary	T080	C1524119
28391546	195	202	albumin	T116	C2362049
28391546	208	215	mineral	T197	C0026162
28391546	216	225	excretion	T039	C0221102
28391546	229	244	early childhood	T079	C0599196
28391546	248	260	contemporary	T079	C1254367
28391546	261	268	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28391546	272	281	extremely	T080	C0205403
28391546	282	285	low	T080	C0205251
28391546	286	301	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28391546	303	305	GA	T032	C0017504
28391546	307	315	neonates	T100	C0021289
28391546	332	339	compare	T052	C1707455
28391546	340	343	BPs	T040	C0005823
28391546	352	359	urinary	T080	C1524119
28391546	360	369	excretion	T039	C0221102
28391546	373	380	albumin	T116	C2362049
28391546	382	389	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28391546	395	404	phosphate	T121,T197	C0031603
28391546	408	415	preterm	T079	C2964377
28391546	420	429	term-born	T040	C0233324
28391546	430	437	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28391546	441	456	early childhood	T079	C0599196
28391546	469	500	prospective observational study	T062	C0033522
28391546	516	522	single	T081	C0205171
28391546	523	529	center	T073,T093	C0475309
28391546	531	540	involving	T169	C1314939
28391546	541	549	children	T100	C0008059
28391546	550	562	<5 years age	T032	C0001779
28391546	564	576	born preterm	T033	C0151526
28391546	578	590	GA <30 weeks	T033	C0460089
28391546	595	602	at term	T040	C0233324
28391546	604	617	≥37 weeks' GA	T033	C3536634
28391546	620	635	Urinary albumin	T034	C0587185
28391546	644	651	calcium	T034	C0428302
28391546	656	672	phosphate levels	T034	C0428304
28391546	673	680	indexed	T170	C0918012
28391546	684	694	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28391546	708	710	BP	T040	C0005823
28391546	716	724	measured	T080	C0444706
28391546	730	736	median	T082	C2939193
28391546	738	741	IQR	T081	C1711350
28391546	743	752	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28391546	753	756	age	T032	C0001779
28391546	764	770	cohort	T098	C0599755
28391546	796	802	months	T079	C0439231
28391546	804	825	Preterm-born children	T100	C4048294
28391546	841	860	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28391546	861	865	mean	T081	C0444504
28391546	866	868	GA	T032	C0017504
28391546	873	885	birth weight	T032	C0005612
28391546	890	896	higher	T080	C0205250
28391546	897	901	mean	T081	C0444504
28391546	902	910	systolic	T201	C0871470
28391546	912	921	diastolic	T201	C0428883
28391546	927	935	mean BPs	T033	C0428886
28391546	937	945	compared	T052	C1707455
28391546	951	955	term	T040	C0233324
28391546	965	973	controls	T096	C0009932
28391546	977	997	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28391546	998	1008	proportion	T081	C1709707
28391546	1012	1033	preterm-born children	T100	C4048294
28391546	1034	1041	weighed	T032	C0005910
28391546	1042	1055	<10th centile	T033	C3276033
28391546	1064	1075	systolic BP	T201	C0871470
28391546	1076	1089	>95th centile	T033	C0243095
28391546	1093	1102	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28391546	1104	1111	Albumin	T116	C2362049
28391546	1116	1123	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28391546	1124	1133	excretion	T039	C0221102
28391546	1138	1148	not differ	T033	C3842396
28391546	1161	1167	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28391546	1169	1175	median	T081	C0876920
28391546	1176	1209	urine-phosphate creatinine ratios	T201	C2735243
28391546	1215	1221	higher	T080	C0205250
28391546	1229	1242	preterm group	T100	C4048294
28391546	1247	1266	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28391546	1268	1273	lower	T080	C0205251
28391546	1274	1276	GA	T032	C0017504
28391546	1281	1288	younger	T079	C0332239
28391546	1289	1292	age	T032	C0001779
28391546	1296	1305	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28391546	1311	1324	significantly	T078	C0750502
28391546	1325	1340	associated with	T080	C0332281
28391546	1344	1353	increased	T081	C0205217
28391546	1354	1358	risk	T078	C0035647
28391546	1362	1370	systolic	T201	C0871470
28391546	1375	1387	diastolic BP	T201	C0428883
28391546	1398	1410	95th centile	T033	C0243095
28391546	1412	1423	male gender	T032	C0086582
28391546	1428	1443	associated with	T080	C0332281
28391546	1444	1453	decreased	T081	C0205216
28391546	1454	1458	risk	T078	C0035647
28391546	1462	1484	diastolic hypertension	T047	C0235222
28391546	1494	1509	early childhood	T079	C0599196
28391546	1511	1532	children born preterm	T100	C4048294
28391546	1537	1550	significantly	T078	C0750502
28391546	1551	1559	elevated	T080	C3163633
28391546	1560	1562	BP	T040	C0005823
28391546	1564	1572	compared	T052	C1707455
28391546	1584	1593	term-born	T040	C0233324
28391546	1594	1606	counterparts	T096	C0009932
28391546	1615	1625	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28391546	1629	1632	BPs	T040	C0005823
28391546	1641	1651	population	T098	C1257890

28391771|t|The lived experience of behaviours of concern: A qualitative study of men with traumatic brain injury
28391771|a|Behaviours of Concern (BoC) are a debilitating consequence of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Whilst perspectives of clinicians, carers and family members on BoC have been previously explored, few qualitative studies have included individuals with TBI. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of BoC in individuals with TBI, their close others and clinicians. Eleven males with TBI and BoC were recruited and 25 semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted (9 individuals with TBI, 9 close others, 7 clinicians). A six-phase thematic analysis approach was utilised. Frequent and persistent BoC were reported and the key themes identified included the brain injury, control, environment, mood, identity, social relationships, and meaningful participation. Whilst the brain injury contributed to BoC in all cases, the way the other themes manifested and interacted was variable. This study enriches our understanding of factors associated with BoC. Themes emerging from this study will inform interventions designed to reduce BoC and ultimately maximise quality of life for individuals with TBI and their families.
28391771	4	9	lived	T052	C2982691
28391771	10	20	experience	T041	C0596545
28391771	24	45	behaviours of concern	T054	C0037397
28391771	49	66	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28391771	70	73	men	T098	C0025266
28391771	79	101	traumatic brain injury	T037	C1456496
28391771	102	123	Behaviours of Concern	T054	C0037397
28391771	125	128	BoC	T054	C0037397
28391771	136	148	debilitating	T169	C0205245
28391771	149	163	consequence of	T169	C0686907
28391771	164	186	Traumatic Brain Injury	T037	C1456496
28391771	188	191	TBI	T037	C1456496
28391771	194	200	Whilst	T078	C0750519
28391771	217	227	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28391771	229	235	carers	T097	C1305660
28391771	240	254	family members	T099	C0086282
28391771	258	261	BoC	T054	C0037397
28391771	272	282	previously	T079	C0205156
28391771	297	316	qualitative studies	T062	C0949415
28391771	322	330	included	T169	C0332257
28391771	331	342	individuals	T098	C0237401
28391771	348	351	TBI	T037	C1456496
28391771	357	360	aim	T078	C1947946
28391771	369	374	study	T062	C0681814
28391771	394	399	lived	T052	C2982691
28391771	400	410	experience	T041	C0596545
28391771	414	417	BoC	T054	C0037397
28391771	421	432	individuals	T098	C0237401
28391771	438	441	TBI	T037	C1456496
28391771	449	461	close others	T098	C1257890
28391771	466	476	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28391771	485	490	males	T098	C0025266
28391771	496	499	TBI	T037	C1456496
28391771	504	507	BoC	T054	C0037397
28391771	530	568	semi-structured qualitative interviews	T062	C0018260
28391771	587	598	individuals	T098	C0237401
28391771	604	607	TBI	T037	C1456496
28391771	611	623	close others	T098	C1257890
28391771	627	637	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28391771	642	669	six-phase thematic analysis	T062	C0936012
28391771	670	678	approach	T082	C0449445
28391771	693	701	Frequent	T079	C0332183
28391771	706	716	persistent	T079	C0205322
28391771	717	720	BoC	T054	C0037397
28391771	726	734	reported	T058	C0700287
28391771	754	764	identified	T080	C0205396
28391771	765	773	included	T169	C0332257
28391771	778	790	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28391771	792	799	control	T080	C0243148
28391771	801	812	environment	T082	C0014406
28391771	814	818	mood	T041	C0026516
28391771	820	828	identity	T041	C0424215
28391771	830	850	social relationships	T033	C1821395
28391771	856	880	meaningful participation	T169	C0679823
28391771	882	888	Whilst	T078	C0750519
28391771	893	905	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28391771	906	917	contributed	T052	C1880177
28391771	921	924	BoC	T054	C0037397
28391771	932	937	cases	T169	C0868928
28391771	957	963	themes	UnknownType	C0869035
28391771	964	974	manifested	T169	C0205319
28391771	979	989	interacted	T033	C0037420
28391771	994	1002	variable	T080	C0439828
28391771	1009	1014	study	T062	C0681814
28391771	1015	1023	enriches	T052	C2349975
28391771	1028	1041	understanding	T041	C0162340
28391771	1045	1052	factors	T169	C1521761
28391771	1053	1068	associated with	T080	C0332281
28391771	1069	1072	BoC	T054	C0037397
28391771	1074	1080	Themes	UnknownType	C0869035
28391771	1100	1105	study	T062	C0681814
28391771	1111	1117	inform	T057	C1552002
28391771	1132	1140	designed	T052	C1707689
28391771	1144	1150	reduce	T080	C0392756
28391771	1151	1154	BoC	T054	C0037397
28391771	1179	1194	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28391771	1199	1210	individuals	T098	C0237401
28391771	1216	1219	TBI	T037	C1456496
28391771	1230	1238	families	T099	C0015576

28391978|t|Recombinant protein transduction domain - Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase alleviates bone cancer pain via peroxiredoxin 4 modulation and antioxidation
28391978|a|Bone cancer pain (BCP) is a serious chronic clinical condition and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were considered to be involved in its development and persistency. Normally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) converts superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and H2O2 is then naturalized to be water by peroxiredoxin 4. We reported previously that recombinant protein transduction domain (PTD)- Cu/Zn SOD effectively scavenged excessive ROS and prevented cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-reoxygenation damage. However, whether PTD - Cu/Zn SOD would prevent BCP development is unknown. In the current study, we found that an implanted carcinoma in the rat tibia induced remarkable hyperalgesia, increased H2O2 levels and decreased SOD and peroxiredoxin 4 levels. After administration of recombinant PTD - Cu/Zn SOD to these tumor-burden rats, their hyperalgesia was significantly attenuated and peroxiredoxin 4 expression was significantly increased. In addition, an increased expression of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors and a decreased expression of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in this cancer pain were prevented by PTD - Cu/Zn SOD administration or peroxiredoxin 4 overexpression. Our data suggested that reactive oxygen species, at least in part, play a role in cancer metastatic pain development and persistency which can be attenuated by the adminstration of recombinant PTD - Cu/Zn SOD via the peroxiredoxin 4 modulation from oxidative stress.
28391978	0	11	Recombinant	T116	C0034861
28391978	12	39	protein transduction domain	T087	C1514562
28391978	42	68	Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase	T116,T126	C0010461
28391978	69	79	alleviates	T080	C0392756
28391978	80	91	bone cancer	T191	C0279530
28391978	92	96	pain	T184	C0596240
28391978	101	116	peroxiredoxin 4	T116,T126	C0914290
28391978	117	127	modulation	T044	C1148560
28391978	132	145	antioxidation	T044	C1148560
28391978	146	157	Bone cancer	T191	C0279530
28391978	158	162	pain	T184	C0596240
28391978	164	167	BCP	T184	C0596240
28391978	174	181	serious	T080	C0205404
28391978	182	189	chronic	T079	C0205191
28391978	190	208	clinical condition	T080	C0348080
28391978	213	236	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28391978	238	241	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28391978	248	258	considered	T078	C0750591
28391978	265	273	involved	T169	C1314939
28391978	281	292	development	T169	C1527148
28391978	297	308	persistency	T079	C0205322
28391978	310	318	Normally	T080	C0205307
28391978	320	340	superoxide dismutase	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28391978	342	345	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28391978	356	373	superoxide anions	T196	C0038836
28391978	377	394	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28391978	396	400	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28391978	406	410	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28391978	437	442	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28391978	446	461	peroxiredoxin 4	T116,T126	C0914290
28391978	466	474	reported	T170	C0684224
28391978	491	502	recombinant	T116	C0034861
28391978	503	530	protein transduction domain	T087	C1514562
28391978	532	535	PTD	T087	C1514562
28391978	538	547	Cu/Zn SOD	T116,T126	C0010461
28391978	548	559	effectively	T080	C1704419
28391978	560	569	scavenged	T044	C1148560
28391978	570	579	excessive	T080	C0442802
28391978	580	583	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28391978	588	597	prevented	T169	C1292733
28391978	598	612	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28391978	618	639	hypoxia-reoxygenation	T169	C0542341
28391978	640	646	damage	T169	C1883709
28391978	665	668	PTD	T087	C1514562
28391978	671	680	Cu/Zn SOD	T116,T126	C0010461
28391978	687	694	prevent	T169	C1292733
28391978	695	698	BCP	T184	C0596240
28391978	699	710	development	T169	C1527148
28391978	714	721	unknown	T080	C0439673
28391978	730	737	current	T079	C0521116
28391978	738	743	study	T062	C0681814
28391978	748	753	found	T033	C0150312
28391978	762	771	implanted	T074	C0021102
28391978	772	781	carcinoma	T191	C0007097
28391978	789	792	rat	T015	C0034721
28391978	793	798	tibia	T023	C0040184
28391978	799	806	induced	T169	C0205263
28391978	818	830	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28391978	832	841	increased	T081	C0205217
28391978	842	846	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28391978	847	853	levels	T080	C0441889
28391978	858	867	decreased	T081	C0205216
28391978	868	871	SOD	T116,T121,T126	C0038838
28391978	876	891	peroxiredoxin 4	T116,T126	C0914290
28391978	892	898	levels	T080	C0441889
28391978	906	920	administration	T169	C1521801
28391978	924	935	recombinant	T116	C0034861
28391978	936	939	PTD	T087	C1514562
28391978	942	951	Cu/Zn SOD	T116,T126	C0010461
28391978	961	973	tumor-burden	T081	C1516167
28391978	974	978	rats	T015	C0034721
28391978	986	998	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28391978	1003	1016	significantly	T078	C0750502
28391978	1017	1027	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28391978	1032	1047	peroxiredoxin 4	T116,T126	C0914290
28391978	1048	1058	expression	T045	C1171362
28391978	1063	1086	significantly increased	T081	C4055637
28391978	1088	1099	In addition	T169	C0332287
28391978	1104	1113	increased	T081	C0205217
28391978	1114	1124	expression	T045	C0597360
28391978	1128	1169	N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors	T116,T192	C0080093
28391978	1176	1185	decreased	T081	C0205216
28391978	1186	1196	expression	T045	C0597360
28391978	1200	1236	γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors	T116,T192	C0206518
28391978	1245	1256	cancer pain	T184	C0596240
28391978	1262	1271	prevented	T169	C1292733
28391978	1275	1278	PTD	T087	C1514562
28391978	1281	1290	Cu/Zn SOD	T116,T126	C0010461
28391978	1291	1305	administration	T169	C1521801
28391978	1309	1324	peroxiredoxin 4	T116,T126	C0914290
28391978	1325	1339	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28391978	1345	1349	data	T078	C1511726
28391978	1350	1359	suggested	T078	C1705535
28391978	1365	1388	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28391978	1415	1419	role	T077	C1705810
28391978	1423	1440	cancer metastatic	T191	C0027627
28391978	1441	1445	pain	T184	C0596240
28391978	1446	1457	development	T169	C1527148
28391978	1462	1473	persistency	T079	C0205322
28391978	1487	1500	attenuated by	T080	C0332161
28391978	1505	1518	adminstration	T169	C1521801
28391978	1522	1537	recombinant PTD	T116	C0034861
28391978	1540	1549	Cu/Zn SOD	T116,T126	C0010461
28391978	1558	1573	peroxiredoxin 4	T116,T126	C0914290
28391978	1574	1584	modulation	T044	C1148560
28391978	1590	1606	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606

28392427|t|Immune dysregulation in offspring of a bipolar parent. Altered serum levels of immune growth factors at adolescent age
28392427|a|Immune dysregulation plays a role in the vulnerability for mood disorders. Immune growth factors, such as Stem Cell Factor (SCF), Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-2 (IGF-BP2), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), IL-7 and sCD25 have repeatedly been reported altered in patients with mood disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate levels of these factors in serum of adolescent bipolar offspring, who have a heightened risk for mood disorder development and to also analyze the data combined with previously published data. Growth factors were assessed by CBA / ELISA in adolescent bipolar offspring (n=96, mean age =16 years) and in age - and gender - matched healthy controls (n=50). EGF belonged to a mutually correlating cluster of mainly neurotrophic compounds including S100B and BDNF, which were in general decreased in serum. IL-7, SCF, IGF-BP2 and sCD25, belonged to a different mutually correlating cluster of immune growth factors, which were in general increased: IGF-BP2 significantly in serum of offspring without a mood disorder, IL-7 and SCF in serum of offspring who had expirienced a mood episode. This pattern of de - and increases was not different between bipolar offspring that developed or did not develop a mood disorder over time, apart from the IGF-BP2 level, which was near significantly higher in offspring later developing a mood disorder. Correlations with the previously published immune-cellular abnormalities were not found. In conclusion non-affected adolescents at familial mood disorder development risk were characterized by a distinct pattern of a series of compounds operating in a network of hematopoiesis, neurogenesis and inflammation.
28392427	0	20	Immune dysregulation	T033	C1844666
28392427	24	33	offspring	T099	C0680063
28392427	39	46	bipolar	T048	C0005586
28392427	47	53	parent	T099	C0030551
28392427	63	68	serum	T031	C0229671
28392427	69	75	levels	T080	C0441889
28392427	79	85	immune	T169	C0439662
28392427	86	100	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28392427	104	118	adolescent age	T100	C0205653
28392427	119	139	Immune dysregulation	T033	C1844666
28392427	160	173	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28392427	178	192	mood disorders	T048	C0525045
28392427	194	200	Immune	T169	C0439662
28392427	201	215	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28392427	225	241	Stem Cell Factor	T116,T123	C0143630
28392427	243	246	SCF	T116,T123	C0143630
28392427	249	293	Insulin-like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-2	T116,T123	C0123257
28392427	295	302	IGF-BP2	T116,T123	C0123257
28392427	305	328	Epidermal Growth Factor	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
28392427	330	333	EGF	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
28392427	336	340	IL-7	T116,T121,T129	C0021761
28392427	345	350	sCD25	T116,T129,T192	C0487019
28392427	381	388	altered	T169	C0392747
28392427	392	400	patients	T101	C0030705
28392427	406	420	mood disorders	T048	C0525045
28392427	438	443	study	T062	C2603343
28392427	451	462	investigate	T169	C1292732
28392427	463	469	levels	T080	C0441889
28392427	479	486	factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28392427	490	495	serum	T031	C0229671
28392427	499	509	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28392427	510	517	bipolar	T048	C0005586
28392427	518	527	offspring	T099	C0680063
28392427	540	550	heightened	T080	C0442803
28392427	551	555	risk	T078	C0035647
28392427	560	573	mood disorder	T048	C0525045
28392427	574	585	development	T169	C1527148
28392427	598	605	analyze	T062	C0936012
28392427	610	614	data	T078	C1511726
28392427	640	654	published data	T170	C1704324
28392427	656	670	Growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28392427	676	684	assessed	T052	C1516048
28392427	688	691	CBA	T059	C0005507
28392427	694	699	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28392427	703	713	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28392427	714	721	bipolar	T048	C0005586
28392427	722	731	offspring	T099	C0680063
28392427	739	743	mean	T081	C0444504
28392427	744	747	age	T032	C0001779
28392427	752	757	years	T079	C0439234
28392427	766	769	age	T032	C0001779
28392427	776	782	gender	T032	C0079399
28392427	785	792	matched	T080	C1708943
28392427	793	800	healthy	T080	C3898900
28392427	801	809	controls	T096	C0009932
28392427	818	821	EGF	T116,T121,T125	C0242275
28392427	845	856	correlating	T080	C1707520
28392427	857	864	cluster	T081	C1704332
28392427	875	897	neurotrophic compounds	T116,T123	C0132298
28392427	908	913	S100B	T116,T123	C3711149
28392427	918	922	BDNF	T116,T121,T123	C3486709
28392427	946	955	decreased	T081	C0205216
28392427	959	964	serum	T031	C0229671
28392427	966	970	IL-7	T116,T121,T129	C0021761
28392427	972	975	SCF	T116,T123	C0143630
28392427	977	984	IGF-BP2	T116,T123	C0123257
28392427	989	994	sCD25	T116,T129,T192	C0487019
28392427	1029	1040	correlating	T080	C1707520
28392427	1041	1048	cluster	T081	C1704332
28392427	1052	1058	immune	T169	C0439662
28392427	1059	1073	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28392427	1097	1106	increased	T081	C0205217
28392427	1108	1115	IGF-BP2	T116,T123	C0123257
28392427	1116	1129	significantly	T078	C0750502
28392427	1133	1138	serum	T031	C0229671
28392427	1142	1151	offspring	T099	C0680063
28392427	1162	1175	mood disorder	T048	C0525045
28392427	1177	1181	IL-7	T116,T121,T129	C0021761
28392427	1186	1189	SCF	T116,T123	C0143630
28392427	1193	1198	serum	T031	C0229671
28392427	1202	1211	offspring	T099	C0680063
28392427	1220	1231	expirienced	T041	C0596545
28392427	1234	1246	mood episode	T048	C0525045
28392427	1253	1260	pattern	T082	C0449774
28392427	1264	1266	de	T081	C0547047
28392427	1273	1282	increases	T169	C0442805
28392427	1309	1316	bipolar	T048	C0005586
28392427	1317	1326	offspring	T099	C0680063
28392427	1363	1376	mood disorder	T048	C0525045
28392427	1382	1386	time	T079	C0040223
28392427	1403	1410	IGF-BP2	T116,T123	C0123257
28392427	1411	1416	level	T080	C0441889
28392427	1433	1446	significantly	T078	C0750502
28392427	1457	1466	offspring	T099	C0680063
28392427	1486	1499	mood disorder	T048	C0525045
28392427	1501	1513	Correlations	T080	C1707520
28392427	1534	1543	published	T170	C1704324
28392427	1544	1573	immune-cellular abnormalities	T190	C4023612
28392427	1593	1603	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28392427	1617	1628	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28392427	1632	1640	familial	T169	C0241888
28392427	1641	1654	mood disorder	T048	C0525045
28392427	1655	1666	development	T169	C1527148
28392427	1667	1671	risk	T078	C0035647
28392427	1677	1690	characterized	T052	C1880022
28392427	1705	1712	pattern	T082	C0449774
28392427	1728	1737	compounds	T116,T123	C0018284
28392427	1753	1760	network	T169	C1882071
28392427	1764	1777	hematopoiesis	T042	C0018951
28392427	1779	1791	neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
28392427	1796	1808	inflammation	T046	C0021368

28392546|t|Sex Differences in Severe Aortic Stenosis - Clinical Presentation and Mortality
28392546|a|There is a paucity of data on the sex differences in the prevalence, clinical presentation, and prognosis of aortic stenosis (AS).Methods and Results:A total of 3,815 consecutive patients with severe AS were enrolled in the multicenter CURRENT AS registry between January 2003 and December 2011. The registry included 1,443 men (38%) and 2,372 women (62%). Women were much older than men (79±10 vs. 75±10 years, P<0.0001), and the ratio of women to men increased with age. The cumulative 5-year incidence of all - cause death was significantly higher in men than in women (47% vs. 41%, P=0.003), although women were more symptomatic and much older. The 5-year mortality was similar between men and women at age <65 years (16% vs. 15%, P=0.99), whereas it was significantly higher in men than in women at age ≥65 years (65-74 years, 38% vs. 19%, P<0.0001; 75-84 years, 55% vs. 34%, P<0.0001; ≥85 years: 82% vs. 72%, P=0.03). A large Japanese multicenter registry of consecutive patients with severe AS included a much higher proportion of women than men, with the female: male sex ratio increasing with age. The 5-year mortality rate of women was lower than that of men. Lower 5-year mortality rates in women were consistently seen across all age groups >65 years.
28392546	0	15	Sex Differences	T032	C0036866
28392546	19	25	Severe	T080	C0205082
28392546	26	41	Aortic Stenosis	T047	C0003507
28392546	44	65	Clinical Presentation	T170	C2708283
28392546	70	79	Mortality	T081	C0205848
28392546	91	98	paucity	T081	C0392762
28392546	102	106	data	T078	C1511726
28392546	114	129	sex differences	T032	C0036866
28392546	137	147	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28392546	149	170	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
28392546	176	185	prognosis	T201	C0420834
28392546	189	204	aortic stenosis	T047	C0003507
28392546	206	208	AS	T047	C0003507
28392546	247	258	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28392546	259	267	patients	T101	C0030705
28392546	273	279	severe	T080	C0205082
28392546	280	282	AS	T047	C0003507
28392546	304	335	multicenter CURRENT AS registry	T170	C0920465
28392546	380	388	registry	T170	C0920465
28392546	389	397	included	T169	C0332257
28392546	404	407	men	T098	C0025266
28392546	424	429	women	T098	C0043210
28392546	437	442	Women	T098	C0043210
28392546	453	463	older than	T033	C0243095
28392546	464	467	men	T098	C0025266
28392546	511	516	ratio	T081	C0456603
28392546	520	525	women	T098	C0043210
28392546	529	532	men	T098	C0025266
28392546	533	542	increased	T081	C0205217
28392546	548	551	age	T032	C0001779
28392546	557	567	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28392546	568	574	5-year	T079	C0439234
28392546	575	584	incidence	T081	C0021149
28392546	588	591	all	T081	C0444868
28392546	594	599	cause	T169	C0015127
28392546	600	605	death	T040	C0011065
28392546	610	623	significantly	T078	C0750502
28392546	624	630	higher	T080	C0205250
28392546	634	637	men	T098	C0025266
28392546	646	651	women	T098	C0043210
28392546	685	690	women	T098	C0043210
28392546	701	712	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28392546	717	727	much older	T033	C0243095
28392546	733	739	5-year	T079	C0439234
28392546	740	749	mortality	T081	C0205848
28392546	754	761	similar	T080	C2348205
28392546	770	773	men	T098	C0025266
28392546	778	783	women	T098	C0043210
28392546	787	800	age <65 years	T079	C1510829
28392546	839	852	significantly	T078	C0750502
28392546	853	859	higher	T080	C0205250
28392546	863	866	men	T098	C0025266
28392546	875	880	women	T098	C0043210
28392546	884	897	age ≥65 years	T079	C1510829
28392546	905	910	years	T079	C0439234
28392546	941	946	years	T079	C0439234
28392546	975	980	years	T079	C0439234
28392546	1006	1011	large	T081	C0549177
28392546	1012	1020	Japanese	T083	C0022341
28392546	1021	1041	multicenter registry	T170	C0920465
28392546	1045	1056	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28392546	1057	1065	patients	T101	C0030705
28392546	1071	1077	severe	T080	C0205082
28392546	1078	1080	AS	T047	C0003507
28392546	1081	1089	included	T169	C0332257
28392546	1097	1103	higher	T080	C0205250
28392546	1104	1114	proportion	T081	C1709707
28392546	1118	1123	women	T098	C0043210
28392546	1129	1132	men	T098	C0025266
28392546	1143	1149	female	T032	C0086287
28392546	1151	1155	male	T032	C0086582
28392546	1156	1165	sex ratio	T081	C0036893
28392546	1166	1176	increasing	T169	C0442808
28392546	1182	1185	age	T032	C0001779
28392546	1191	1197	5-year	T079	C0439234
28392546	1198	1207	mortality	T081	C0205848
28392546	1216	1221	women	T098	C0043210
28392546	1226	1231	lower	T080	C0205251
28392546	1245	1248	men	T098	C0025266
28392546	1256	1262	5-year	T079	C0439234
28392546	1263	1278	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
28392546	1282	1287	women	T098	C0043210
28392546	1293	1305	consistently	T078	C0332290
28392546	1306	1310	seen	T080	C0205397
28392546	1318	1321	all	T081	C0444868
28392546	1322	1332	age groups	T100	C0027362
28392546	1337	1342	years	T079	C0439234

28392552|t|Relationship Between Femur and Femoral Arteries for Identifying Risk Factors for Vascular Injury
28392552|a|BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify risk factors for vascular injury in proximal femoral fracture through identifying frequency and distances between femur and femoral arteries with computed tomography angiography and 3-dimensional reconstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a series of 400 participants, based on measurement results regarding the distribution of femoral arteries in the medial femur, the femoral portion covering that part was divided into levels A-E. The center region, margin region, and risky area in the medial femur were defined. The frequency of femoral arteries and interested shortest distance between the outer femur and superficial, deep, and perforating femoral arteries (SFAs, DFAs, and PFAs) in the center region, margin region, and risky area at each level were recorded. RESULTS There were 173 males and 227 females (average age: 63.61±19.18 years) in this study. The starting point and end point for femoral arteries in the medial femur were from 22.55±4.23% to 54.56±8.39% of the whole femur. The femoral arteries in the medial femur mainly were distributed at levels B (88.2%), C (65.9%), and D (40.6%). The femoral arteries in center regions in the risky area, most of which were DFAs and PFAs, were mainly concentrated at levels B (26.93%) and C (11.81%). CONCLUSIONS The mid-shaft level was the most risky level, and the DFAs and PFAs were easier to injure than the SFAs when performing internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture. We recommended that great attention be paid to drill and screw insertion around the mid-shaft level for prevention of iatrogenic vascular injury.
28392552	0	12	Relationship	T080	C0439849
28392552	21	26	Femur	T023	C0015811
28392552	31	47	Femoral Arteries	T023	C0015801
28392552	64	76	Risk Factors	T033	C0035648
28392552	81	96	Vascular Injury	T037	C0178324
28392552	137	149	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28392552	154	169	vascular injury	T037	C0178324
28392552	173	181	proximal	T082	C0205107
28392552	182	198	femoral fracture	T037	C0015802
28392552	219	228	frequency	T080	C1561548
28392552	233	242	distances	T081	C0012751
28392552	251	256	femur	T023	C0015811
28392552	261	277	femoral arteries	T023	C0015801
28392552	283	314	computed tomography angiography	T060	C1536105
28392552	319	347	3-dimensional reconstruction	T060	C0729707
28392552	389	401	participants	T098	C1708335
28392552	412	423	measurement	T169	C0242485
28392552	446	458	distribution	T082	C0037775
28392552	462	478	femoral arteries	T023	C0015801
28392552	486	498	medial femur	T029	C0230417
28392552	504	519	femoral portion	T029	C0230417
28392552	520	528	covering	T169	C0439844
28392552	534	538	part	T023	C0015811
28392552	556	566	levels A-E	T080	C0441889
28392552	572	585	center region	T029	C0230417
28392552	587	600	margin region	T029	C0230417
28392552	606	616	risky area	T029	C0230417
28392552	624	636	medial femur	T029	C0230417
28392552	655	664	frequency	T080	C1561548
28392552	668	684	femoral arteries	T023	C0015801
28392552	700	708	shortest	T081	C1806781
28392552	709	717	distance	T081	C0012751
28392552	730	735	outer	T082	C0205101
28392552	736	741	femur	T023	C0015811
28392552	746	757	superficial	T023	C0447106
28392552	759	763	deep	T023	C0226455
28392552	769	797	perforating femoral arteries	T023	C1181643
28392552	799	803	SFAs	T023	C0447106
28392552	805	809	DFAs	T023	C0226455
28392552	815	819	PFAs	T023	C1181643
28392552	828	841	center region	T029	C0230417
28392552	843	856	margin region	T029	C0230417
28392552	862	872	risky area	T029	C0230417
28392552	881	886	level	T080	C0441889
28392552	925	930	males	T032	C0086582
28392552	939	946	females	T032	C0086287
28392552	948	955	average	T081	C1510992
28392552	956	959	age	T032	C0001779
28392552	1032	1048	femoral arteries	T023	C0015801
28392552	1056	1068	medial femur	T029	C0230417
28392552	1113	1124	whole femur	T023	C0015811
28392552	1130	1146	femoral arteries	T023	C0015801
28392552	1154	1166	medial femur	T029	C0230417
28392552	1179	1190	distributed	T082	C0037775
28392552	1194	1202	levels B	T080	C0441889
28392552	1212	1213	C	T080	C0441889
28392552	1227	1228	D	T080	C0441889
28392552	1242	1258	femoral arteries	T023	C0015801
28392552	1262	1276	center regions	T029	C0230417
28392552	1284	1294	risky area	T029	C0230417
28392552	1315	1319	DFAs	T023	C0226455
28392552	1324	1328	PFAs	T023	C1181643
28392552	1358	1366	levels B	T080	C0441889
28392552	1380	1381	C	T080	C0441889
28392552	1408	1417	mid-shaft	T023	C0242696
28392552	1418	1423	level	T080	C0441889
28392552	1437	1442	risky	T080	C1444641
28392552	1443	1448	level	T080	C0441889
28392552	1458	1462	DFAs	T023	C0226455
28392552	1467	1471	PFAs	T023	C1181643
28392552	1477	1483	easier	T033	C0332219
28392552	1487	1493	injure	T037	C3263722
28392552	1503	1507	SFAs	T023	C0447106
28392552	1524	1541	internal fixation	T061	C0016642
28392552	1545	1553	proximal	T082	C0205107
28392552	1554	1570	femoral fracture	T037	C0015802
28392552	1575	1586	recommended	T058	C0150600
28392552	1619	1624	drill	T061	C0337279
28392552	1629	1634	screw	T074	C0301559
28392552	1635	1644	insertion	T061	C0021107
28392552	1645	1651	around	T078	C0750503
28392552	1656	1665	mid-shaft	T023	C0242696
28392552	1666	1671	level	T080	C0441889
28392552	1676	1686	prevention	T080	C2700409
28392552	1690	1700	iatrogenic	T080	C0439669
28392552	1701	1716	vascular injury	T037	C0178324

28392965|t|Mechanosignaling activation of TGFβ maintains intervertebral disc homeostasis
28392965|a|Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the leading cause of disability with no disease - modifying treatment. IVD degeneration is associated with instable mechanical loading in the spine, but little is known about how mechanical stress regulates nucleus notochordal (NC) cells to maintain IVD homeostasis. Here we report that mechanical stress can result in excessive integrin αvβ6 -mediated activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), decreased NC cell vacuoles, and increased matrix proteoglycan production, and results in degenerative disc disease (DDD). Knockout of TGFβ type II receptor (TβRII) or integrin αv in the NC cells inhibited functional activity of postnatal NC cells and also resulted in DDD under mechanical loading. Administration of RGD peptide, TGFβ, and αvβ6 - neutralizing antibodies attenuated IVD degeneration. Thus, integrin -mediated activation of TGFβ plays a critical role in mechanical signaling transduction to regulate IVD cell function and homeostasis. Manipulation of this signaling pathway may be a potential therapeutic target to modify DDD.
28392965	0	16	Mechanosignaling	T044	C1138568
28392965	17	27	activation	T040	C2265359
28392965	31	35	TGFβ	T116,T129,T192	C0076930
28392965	36	45	maintains	T052	C0024501
28392965	46	65	intervertebral disc	T023	C0021815
28392965	66	77	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28392965	78	116	Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration	T047	C0158266
28392965	124	131	leading	T169	C1522538
28392965	132	137	cause	T169	C0015127
28392965	141	151	disability	T033	C0231170
28392965	157	167	no disease	T033	C0497153
28392965	170	189	modifying treatment	T033	C2066646
28392965	191	207	IVD degeneration	T047	C0158266
28392965	211	226	associated with	T080	C0332281
28392965	236	254	mechanical loading	T070	C0038442
28392965	262	267	spine	T023	C0037949
28392965	299	316	mechanical stress	T070	C0038442
28392965	317	326	regulates	T038	C1327622
28392965	327	334	nucleus	T026	C0007610
28392965	335	346	notochordal	T018	C1518428
28392965	348	350	NC	T018	C1518428
28392965	352	357	cells	T025	C0007634
28392965	361	369	maintain	T052	C0024501
28392965	370	373	IVD	T023	C0021815
28392965	374	385	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28392965	407	424	mechanical stress	T070	C0038442
28392965	429	435	result	T169	C1274040
28392965	439	448	excessive	T080	C0442802
28392965	449	462	integrin αvβ6	T116,T192	C0166814
28392965	473	483	activation	T043	C1514758
28392965	487	518	transforming growth factor beta	T116,T123	C0040690
28392965	520	524	TGFβ	T116,T123	C0040690
28392965	527	536	decreased	T081	C0205216
28392965	537	539	NC	T018	C1518428
28392965	540	553	cell vacuoles	T026	C0042219
28392965	559	568	increased	T081	C0205217
28392965	569	575	matrix	T026	C1383501
28392965	576	588	proteoglycan	T116,T123	C0033692
28392965	589	599	production	T169	C0205245
28392965	605	612	results	T169	C1274040
28392965	616	641	degenerative disc disease	T047	C0158266
28392965	643	646	DDD	T047	C0158266
28392965	649	657	Knockout	T050	C1522225
28392965	661	682	TGFβ type II receptor	T028	C1336625
28392965	684	689	TβRII	T028	C1336625
28392965	694	705	integrin αv	T028	C1416494
28392965	713	715	NC	T018	C1518428
28392965	716	721	cells	T025	C0007634
28392965	722	731	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28392965	732	751	functional activity	T061	C0695584
28392965	755	764	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28392965	765	767	NC	T018	C1518428
28392965	768	773	cells	T025	C0007634
28392965	783	791	resulted	T169	C1274040
28392965	795	798	DDD	T047	C0158266
28392965	805	823	mechanical loading	T070	C0038442
28392965	825	839	Administration	T058	C1292853
28392965	843	854	RGD peptide	T116,T123	C0052350
28392965	856	860	TGFβ	T116,T123	C0040690
28392965	866	870	αvβ6	T116,T192	C0166814
28392965	873	896	neutralizing antibodies	T116,T129	C0475463
28392965	897	907	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28392965	908	924	IVD degeneration	T047	C0158266
28392965	932	940	integrin	T116,T129,T192	C0021701
28392965	951	961	activation	T043	C1514758
28392965	965	969	TGFβ	T116,T123	C0040690
28392965	995	1028	mechanical signaling transduction	T044	C1138568
28392965	1032	1040	regulate	T038	C1327622
28392965	1041	1044	IVD	T023	C0021815
28392965	1045	1058	cell function	T043	C0007613
28392965	1063	1074	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28392965	1076	1088	Manipulation	T061	C0700051
28392965	1097	1114	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28392965	1124	1133	potential	T080	C3245505
28392965	1134	1145	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28392965	1146	1152	target	T169	C1521840
28392965	1156	1162	modify	T169	C0392747
28392965	1163	1166	DDD	T047	C0158266

28393261|t|Addressing sufficiency of the CB1 receptor for endocannabinoid -mediated functions through conditional genetic rescue in forebrain GABAergic neurons
28393261|a|Genetic inactivation of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor gene in different cell types in the brain has previously revealed necessary functions for distinct synaptic plasticity processes and behaviors. Here, we sought to identify CB1 receptor expression sites that are minimally required to reconstruct normal phenotypes. In a CB1 - null background, we re-expressed endogenous CB1 receptors in forebrain GABAergic neurons, thereby assessing the sufficiency of CB1 receptors. Depolarization -induced suppression of inhibitory, but not excitatory, transmission was restored in hippocampal and amygdalar circuits. GABAergic CB1 receptors did not convey protection against chemically induced seizures, but prevented the spontaneous mortality observed in CB1 null mutants. Rescue of GABAergic CB1 receptors largely restored normal anxiety-like behavior but improved extinction of learned fear only marginally. This study illustrates that the approach of genetic reconstruction of complex behaviors is feasible. It also revealed distinct degrees of modulation for different emotional behaviors by the GABAergic population of CB1 receptors.
28393261	30	42	CB1 receptor	T028	C1413554
28393261	47	62	endocannabinoid	T109,T123	C1172779
28393261	103	117	genetic rescue	T169	C0599698
28393261	121	130	forebrain	T023	C0085140
28393261	131	148	GABAergic neurons	T025	C0815002
28393261	149	169	Genetic inactivation	T045	C0598496
28393261	177	206	cannabinoid CB1 receptor gene	T028	C1413554
28393261	220	230	cell types	T170	C0449475
28393261	238	243	brain	T023	C0006104
28393261	301	330	synaptic plasticity processes	T042	C0027880
28393261	335	344	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28393261	374	386	CB1 receptor	T028	C1413554
28393261	387	397	expression	T045	C0017262
28393261	454	464	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28393261	471	474	CB1	T028	C1413554
28393261	477	492	null background	T045	C0017260
28393261	497	509	re-expressed	T045	C0017262
28393261	510	520	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28393261	521	534	CB1 receptors	T028	C1413554
28393261	538	547	forebrain	T023	C0085140
28393261	548	565	GABAergic neurons	T025	C0815002
28393261	604	617	CB1 receptors	T028	C1413554
28393261	619	633	Depolarization	T046	C1395184
28393261	643	654	suppression	T045	C0038855
28393261	658	668	inhibitory	T042	C2255939
28393261	678	702	excitatory, transmission	T042	C0234107
28393261	719	730	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28393261	735	744	amygdalar	T023	C3498591
28393261	745	753	circuits	T044	C1720951
28393261	755	764	GABAergic	T025	C0815002
28393261	765	778	CB1 receptors	T028	C1413554
28393261	813	831	chemically induced	T046	C0007994
28393261	832	840	seizures	T184	C0036572
28393261	860	881	spontaneous mortality	T046	C0011071
28393261	894	897	CB1	T028	C1413554
28393261	898	910	null mutants	T045	C0017260
28393261	912	918	Rescue	T169	C0599698
28393261	922	931	GABAergic	T025	C0815002
28393261	932	945	CB1 receptors	T028	C1413554
28393261	970	991	anxiety-like behavior	T033	C0860603
28393261	1019	1031	learned fear	T041	C0015726
28393261	1093	1115	genetic reconstruction	T063	C4277689
28393261	1119	1126	complex	T080	C0439855
28393261	1127	1136	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28393261	1212	1231	emotional behaviors	T048	C0237593
28393261	1239	1248	GABAergic	T025	C0815002
28393261	1263	1276	CB1 receptors	T028	C1413554

28393351|t|Whole-exome sequencing identifies a homozygous donor splice site mutation in STAG3 that causes primary ovarian insufficiency
28393351|a|Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the depletion or loss of normal ovarian function, which cause infertility in women before the age of 40 years. Two homozygous germline truncation mutations in STAG3 gene had been reported to causes POI in consanguineous families. Here, we aimed to identify the genetic cause of POI in two affected sisters manifested with primary amenorrhea and partial development of secondary sexual characters with normal range of height of a consanguineous Han Chinese family. Whole exome and Sanger sequencing identified a homozygous donor splice site mutation (NM_012447.2: c.1573+5G>A) in the STAG3 gene. RT-PCR revealed that the mutation causes loss of wild type donor splice site which leads to aberrant splicing of STAG3 mRNA and consecutive formation of STAG3 alternative transcript (p.Leu490Thrfs*10). This is the first report of splice-site mutation of STAG3 gene causes POI in two Han Chinese patients.
28393351	0	22	Whole-exome sequencing	T063	C3640077
28393351	36	46	homozygous	T032	C0019904
28393351	47	73	donor splice site mutation	T045	C1519478
28393351	77	82	STAG3	T028	C1420450
28393351	95	124	primary ovarian insufficiency	T047	C0085215
28393351	125	154	Primary ovarian insufficiency	T047	C0085215
28393351	156	159	POI	T047	C0085215
28393351	168	177	depletion	T169	C0333668
28393351	181	185	loss	T081	C1517945
28393351	196	212	ovarian function	T042	C0678879
28393351	226	237	infertility	T046	C0021359
28393351	241	246	women	T098	C0043210
28393351	258	261	age	T032	C0001779
28393351	268	273	years	T079	C0439234
28393351	279	289	homozygous	T032	C0019904
28393351	290	298	germline	T025	C0017473
28393351	299	319	truncation mutations	T049	C0544885
28393351	323	333	STAG3 gene	T028	C1420450
28393351	362	365	POI	T047	C0085215
28393351	369	383	consanguineous	T099	C1266852
28393351	384	392	families	T099	C0015576
28393351	425	432	genetic	T169	C0314603
28393351	433	438	cause	T169	C0015127
28393351	442	445	POI	T047	C0085215
28393351	462	469	sisters	T099	C0337514
28393351	486	504	primary amenorrhea	T047	C0232939
28393351	509	516	partial	T081	C0728938
28393351	517	559	development of secondary sexual characters	T040	C1160571
28393351	593	607	consanguineous	T099	C1266852
28393351	608	619	Han Chinese	UnknownType	C0814942
28393351	620	626	family	T099	C0015576
28393351	628	639	Whole exome	T063	C3640077
28393351	644	661	Sanger sequencing	T063	C1511897
28393351	675	685	homozygous	T032	C0019904
28393351	686	712	donor splice site mutation	T045	C1519478
28393351	714	738	NM_012447.2: c.1573+5G>A	T045	C1519478
28393351	747	757	STAG3 gene	T028	C1420450
28393351	759	765	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28393351	784	792	mutation	T045	C0026882
28393351	808	817	wild type	T028	C1883559
28393351	818	835	donor splice site	T114,T123	C0887917
28393351	851	859	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28393351	860	868	splicing	T045	C0035687
28393351	872	877	STAG3	T028	C1420450
28393351	878	882	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28393351	912	940	STAG3 alternative transcript	T114	C1519595
28393351	942	958	p.Leu490Thrfs*10	T114	C1519595
28393351	979	985	report	T170	C0684224
28393351	989	1009	splice-site mutation	T045	C1519478
28393351	1013	1023	STAG3 gene	T028	C1420450
28393351	1031	1034	POI	T047	C0085215
28393351	1042	1053	Han Chinese	UnknownType	C0814942
28393351	1054	1062	patients	T101	C0030705

28393600|t|Shell design and reaming technique affect deformation in mobile-bearing total hip arthroplasty acetabular components
28393600|a|Press-fit acetabular components are susceptible to rim deformation. The inherent variability within acetabular reaming techniques may generate increased press-fit and, subsequently, additional component deformation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the insertion and deformation characteristics of acetabular components designed for dual-mobility systems based on component design, size, and reaming technique. Shell deformation was quantified in a validated worst-case scenario foam pinch model. Thin-walled, one-piece, and modular dual-mobility shells of varying size were implanted in under- and over-reamed cavities with insertion force measured and shell deformation assessed using digital image correlation. Increased shell size resulted in larger rim deformation in one-piece components, with a reduction in press-fit by 1 mm resulting in up to 48% reduction in insertion forces and between 23% and 51% reduction in shell deformation. Lower insertion force s and deformations were observed in modular components. Variability in acetabular reaming plays a significant role in the ease of implantation and component deformation in total hip arthroplasty. Modular components are less susceptible to deformation than thin-walled monoblock shells. Care should be taken to avoid excessive under-reaming, particularly in the scenario of large shell size and high - density patient bone stock.
28393600	0	12	Shell design	T074	C3688034
28393600	17	34	reaming technique	T061	C0087111
28393600	35	41	affect	T041	C0001721
28393600	42	53	deformation	T169	C0333067
28393600	57	94	mobile-bearing total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28393600	95	116	acetabular components	T074	C0182473
28393600	117	148	Press-fit acetabular components	T074	C0182473
28393600	153	164	susceptible	T032	C0220898
28393600	168	171	rim	T029	C0735715
28393600	172	183	deformation	T169	C0333067
28393600	189	197	inherent	T169	C0439660
28393600	198	209	variability	T077	C2827666
28393600	217	246	acetabular reaming techniques	T061	C0087111
28393600	251	259	generate	T052	C1706214
28393600	260	269	increased	T081	C0205217
28393600	285	297	subsequently	T079	C0332282
28393600	299	309	additional	T169	C1524062
28393600	310	319	component	T122	C0005479
28393600	320	331	deformation	T169	C0333067
28393600	337	344	purpose	T169	C1285529
28393600	353	358	study	T062	C2603343
28393600	366	373	analyze	T062	C0936012
28393600	378	387	insertion	T169	C1883719
28393600	392	403	deformation	T169	C0333067
28393600	404	419	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28393600	423	444	acetabular components	T074	C0182473
28393600	445	453	designed	T052	C1707689
28393600	458	479	dual-mobility systems	T074	C3880264
28393600	480	485	based	T169	C1527178
28393600	489	498	component	T122	C0005479
28393600	499	505	design	T052	C1707689
28393600	507	511	size	T082	C0456389
28393600	517	534	reaming technique	T061	C0087111
28393600	536	541	Shell	T074	C3688034
28393600	542	553	deformation	T169	C0333067
28393600	558	568	quantified	T081	C1709793
28393600	574	583	validated	T169	C1711411
28393600	584	620	worst-case scenario foam pinch model	T170	C0282574
28393600	622	678	Thin-walled, one-piece, and modular dual-mobility shells	T074	C0025080
28393600	682	689	varying	T080	C1705242
28393600	690	694	size	T082	C0456389
28393600	700	709	implanted	T061	C0021107
28393600	713	744	under- and over-reamed cavities	T030	C0333343
28393600	750	759	insertion	T169	C1883719
28393600	760	765	force	T067	C0441722
28393600	766	774	measured	T080	C0444706
28393600	779	784	shell	T074	C3688034
28393600	785	796	deformation	T169	C0333067
28393600	797	805	assessed	T052	C1516048
28393600	812	837	digital image correlation	T066	C0009618
28393600	839	848	Increased	T081	C0205217
28393600	849	854	shell	T074	C3688034
28393600	855	859	size	T082	C0456389
28393600	860	868	resulted	T169	C1274040
28393600	872	878	larger	T081	C0549177
28393600	879	882	rim	T029	C0735715
28393600	883	894	deformation	T169	C0333067
28393600	898	918	one-piece components	T122	C0005479
28393600	927	936	reduction	T080	C0392756
28393600	940	949	press-fit	T061	C0441550
28393600	958	970	resulting in	T169	C0332294
28393600	981	990	reduction	T080	C0392756
28393600	994	1003	insertion	T169	C1883719
28393600	1004	1010	forces	T067	C0441722
28393600	1035	1044	reduction	T080	C0392756
28393600	1048	1053	shell	T074	C3688034
28393600	1054	1065	deformation	T169	C0333067
28393600	1067	1072	Lower	T080	C0205251
28393600	1073	1082	insertion	T169	C1883719
28393600	1083	1088	force	T067	C0441722
28393600	1095	1107	deformations	T169	C0333067
28393600	1113	1121	observed	T169	C1441672
28393600	1125	1143	modular components	T122	C0005479
28393600	1145	1156	Variability	T077	C2827666
28393600	1160	1178	acetabular reaming	T061	C0186256
28393600	1187	1203	significant role	T078	C0750502
28393600	1219	1231	implantation	T061	C0021107
28393600	1236	1245	component	T122	C0005479
28393600	1246	1257	deformation	T169	C0333067
28393600	1261	1283	total hip arthroplasty	T061	C0040508
28393600	1285	1303	Modular components	T122	C0005479
28393600	1313	1324	susceptible	T032	C0220898
28393600	1328	1339	deformation	T169	C0333067
28393600	1345	1373	thin-walled monoblock shells	T074	C3688034
28393600	1405	1414	excessive	T080	C0442802
28393600	1415	1428	under-reaming	T061	C0087111
28393600	1450	1458	scenario	T169	C0683579
28393600	1462	1467	large	T081	C0549177
28393600	1468	1473	shell	T074	C3688034
28393600	1474	1478	size	T082	C0456389
28393600	1483	1487	high	T080	C0205250
28393600	1490	1497	density	T081	C0178587
28393600	1498	1505	patient	T101	C0030705
28393600	1506	1516	bone stock	T167	C0439861

28393741|t|Impact and acceptability of lay health trainer -led lifestyle interventions delivered in primary care: a mixed method study
28393741|a|Aim To evaluate the impact and acceptability of offering one-to-one lifestyle interventions delivered by lay health trainers in the primary care setting. Chronic conditions represent major causes of ill-health, avoidable disability, pain and anxiety, and tend to be more prevalent in less affluent groups. This is due, in part, to the link between unhealthy lifestyles and lower socio-economic status, although factors such as poverty, worklessness and social exclusion play a larger role. Lay health trainers were introduced in England with the aim of providing personalised lifestyle advice, support and access to services for people living in disadvantaged areas. There is a body of literature on the effectiveness of lay or community health workers in the management of chronic conditions. However, little is known about their potential to promote lifestyle changes in newly diagnosed patients. An innovative health trainer service was piloted in the primary care setting, to work with people diagnosed with a chronic condition or identified as potentially benefitting from one-to-one support. A mixed method study design was utilised. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with practice staff (n=11) and patients (n=15) from one primary care practice in North East England, United Kingdom. Discussions were audio-recorded and analysed using a thematic content approach. Routinely collected pre- / post-intervention data (n=246 patients at baseline; sample sizes varied at end line) were analysed and appropriate descriptive and summary statistics produced. Findings The discussions highlighted a high level of satisfaction with the health trainer model in terms of supporting positive lifestyle changes. Locating the intervention within the practice removed access barriers, particularly for those with long-term conditions. Anecdotal evidence of health improvement was supported by the quantitative analyses, which revealed statistically significant improvements in body mass index, blood pressure, dietary habits, exercise levels, alcohol intake, self-rated health and self-efficacy amongst those who completed the intervention.
28393741	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
28393741	11	24	acceptability	T080	C0814633
28393741	28	46	lay health trainer	T097	C0018724
28393741	52	61	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28393741	62	75	interventions	T061	C0184661
28393741	89	101	primary care	T058	C0033137
28393741	118	123	study	T062	C2603343
28393741	144	150	impact	T080	C4049986
28393741	155	168	acceptability	T080	C0814633
28393741	192	201	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28393741	202	215	interventions	T061	C0184661
28393741	229	248	lay health trainers	T097	C0018724
28393741	256	276	primary care setting	T058	C0086388
28393741	278	296	Chronic conditions	T079	C0205191
28393741	323	333	ill-health	T184	C0221423
28393741	335	355	avoidable disability	T033	C0231170
28393741	357	361	pain	T184	C0030193
28393741	366	373	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28393741	408	428	less affluent groups	T098	C0021216
28393741	472	481	unhealthy	UnknownType	C0679788
28393741	482	492	lifestyles	T054	C0023676
28393741	503	524	socio-economic status	T080	C0086996
28393741	551	558	poverty	T102	C0032854
28393741	560	572	worklessness	T033	C0041674
28393741	577	593	social exclusion	T033	C0237827
28393741	614	633	Lay health trainers	T097	C0018724
28393741	653	660	England	T083	C0014282
28393741	700	709	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28393741	710	716	advice	T058	C0150600
28393741	718	725	support	T061	C0344211
28393741	730	748	access to services	T033	C1822523
28393741	753	759	people	T098	C0027361
28393741	770	789	disadvantaged areas	T083	C0017446
28393741	828	841	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28393741	845	848	lay	T097	C0018724
28393741	852	876	community health workers	T097	C0009467
28393741	898	916	chronic conditions	T079	C0205191
28393741	976	993	lifestyle changes	T054	C0870811
28393741	1013	1021	patients	T101	C0030705
28393741	1037	1059	health trainer service	T058	C0018747
28393741	1079	1099	primary care setting	T058	C0086388
28393741	1114	1120	people	T098	C0027361
28393741	1138	1155	chronic condition	T079	C0205191
28393741	1213	1220	support	T061	C0344211
28393741	1224	1249	mixed method study design	T062	C0035171
28393741	1264	1290	Semi-structured interviews	T052	C0021822
28393741	1295	1307	focus groups	T096	C0016400
28393741	1328	1342	practice staff	T097	C0851286
28393741	1354	1362	patients	T101	C0030705
28393741	1379	1400	primary care practice	T057	C0033284
28393741	1404	1422	North East England	T083	C0017446
28393741	1424	1438	United Kingdom	T083	C0041700
28393741	1440	1451	Discussions	T054	C2584313
28393741	1457	1471	audio-recorded	UnknownType	C0681505
28393741	1493	1518	thematic content approach	T169	C1524024
28393741	1540	1544	pre-	T078	C1511726
28393741	1547	1569	post-intervention data	T078	C1511726
28393741	1577	1585	patients	T101	C0030705
28393741	1589	1597	baseline	T081	C1442488
28393741	1720	1731	discussions	T054	C2584313
28393741	1782	1796	health trainer	T097	C0018724
28393741	1835	1852	lifestyle changes	T054	C0870811
28393741	1867	1879	intervention	T061	C0184661
28393741	1891	1899	practice	T057	C0033284
28393741	1975	1984	Anecdotal	T170	C0002867
28393741	1985	1993	evidence	T078	C3887511
28393741	1997	2015	health improvement	T057	C3858649
28393741	2037	2058	quantitative analyses	UnknownType	C0681919
28393741	2101	2113	improvements	T057	C3858649
28393741	2117	2132	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28393741	2134	2148	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28393741	2150	2164	dietary habits	T055	C0086152
28393741	2166	2181	exercise levels	T080	C3669170
28393741	2183	2197	alcohol intake	T055	C0001948
28393741	2199	2209	self-rated	T170	C4054119
28393741	2210	2216	health	T078	C0018684
28393741	2221	2234	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28393741	2267	2279	intervention	T061	C0184661

28393819|t|Morphology of root canal surface: A reflection on the process of cementation of the composite relined glass fiber post
28393819|a|The present study was conducted to evaluate the bond strength in the different root thirds (premolars and maxillary central incisors) of composite relined glass fiber posts compared to untreated glass fiber posts cemented with dual- or chemical-cure cements. Sixty human single-rooted premolars (flat canal) (n = 15) and 12 maxillary central incisors were used (round canal) (n = 3). The teeth were sectioned, and the roots received endodontic treatment. The standardized preparation of the canals was carried out, and the roots were randomly divided into four groups according to the cementation systems: G1: cemented posts (dual: Ambar / Allcem); G2: relined posts (dual: Ambar / Allcem); G3: cemented posts (chemical: Fusion Duralink / Cement Post); and G4: relined posts (chemical: Fusion Duralink / Cement Post). The roots were cut to give two slices of each third of the root canal per specimen. Push-out test was conducted at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups for the premolars (flat canal) (P = 0.959). There was a significant difference in the central incisors between the middle and apical thirds in the cemented group when using the dual system (P = 0.04) and between the middle and apical thirds (P = 0.003) and cervical and apical thirds (P = 0.033) when using the chemical system. Due to the anatomy of the root canal, flat canal of the premolars does not require relining, but round canal of the maxillary central incisors demands it for more secure in the bond strength.
28393819	0	10	Morphology	T080	C0332437
28393819	14	32	root canal surface	T030	C0086881
28393819	65	76	cementation	T061	C0007656
28393819	84	93	composite	T122	C0009570
28393819	94	101	relined	T061	C0086121
28393819	102	113	glass fiber	T122,T131	C0060317
28393819	114	118	post	T122	C0449939
28393819	167	180	bond strength	T081	C0678599
28393819	198	209	root thirds	T023	C0040452
28393819	211	220	premolars	T023	C1704302
28393819	225	251	maxillary central incisors	T023	C0227042
28393819	256	265	composite	T122	C0009570
28393819	266	273	relined	T061	C0086121
28393819	274	285	glass fiber	T122,T131	C0060317
28393819	286	291	posts	T122	C0449939
28393819	314	325	glass fiber	T122,T131	C0060317
28393819	326	340	posts cemented	T074	C0450142
28393819	355	376	chemical-cure cements	T120	C0449920
28393819	384	389	human	T016	C0086418
28393819	390	403	single-rooted	T029	C0447368
28393819	404	413	premolars	T023	C1704302
28393819	415	425	flat canal	T030	C0086881
28393819	443	469	maxillary central incisors	T023	C0227042
28393819	481	492	round canal	T030	C0086881
28393819	507	512	teeth	T023	C0040426
28393819	518	527	sectioned	T061	C0185115
28393819	537	542	roots	T023	C0040452
28393819	552	572	endodontic treatment	T061	C0700632
28393819	591	616	preparation of the canals	T061	C0282543
28393819	642	647	roots	T023	C0040452
28393819	680	686	groups	T098	C1257890
28393819	704	715	cementation	T061	C0007656
28393819	729	743	cemented posts	T074	C0450142
28393819	751	756	Ambar	T109,T122	C4078139
28393819	759	765	Allcem	T122	C0005479
28393819	772	785	relined posts	T122	C0449939
28393819	793	798	Ambar	T109,T122	C4078139
28393819	801	807	Allcem	T122	C0005479
28393819	814	828	cemented posts	T074	C0450142
28393819	830	838	chemical	T103	C0220806
28393819	840	855	Fusion Duralink	T122	C0005479
28393819	858	869	Cement Post	T074	C0450142
28393819	880	893	relined posts	T122	C0449939
28393819	895	903	chemical	T103	C0220806
28393819	905	920	Fusion Duralink	T122	C0005479
28393819	923	934	Cement Post	T074	C0450142
28393819	941	946	roots	T023	C0040452
28393819	968	974	slices	T167	C1519355
28393819	996	1006	root canal	T030	C0086881
28393819	1011	1019	specimen	T167	C0370003
28393819	1021	1034	Push-out test	T059	C0022885
28393819	1097	1117	analysis of variance	T081	C0002780
28393819	1122	1143	Tukey's post hoc test	T059	C0022885
28393819	1183	1205	significant difference	T080	C1705242
28393819	1214	1220	groups	T098	C1257890
28393819	1229	1238	premolars	T023	C1704302
28393819	1240	1250	flat canal	T030	C0086881
28393819	1307	1323	central incisors	T023	C1541679
28393819	1336	1342	middle	T029	C0447381
28393819	1347	1360	apical thirds	T029	C2004463
28393819	1368	1376	cemented	T061	C0007656
28393819	1377	1382	group	T098	C1257890
28393819	1437	1443	middle	T029	C0447381
28393819	1448	1461	apical thirds	T029	C2004463
28393819	1478	1486	cervical	T029	C0447355
28393819	1491	1504	apical thirds	T029	C2004463
28393819	1532	1547	chemical system	T059	C0201682
28393819	1560	1567	anatomy	T017	C0700276
28393819	1575	1585	root canal	T030	C0086881
28393819	1587	1597	flat canal	T030	C0086881
28393819	1605	1614	premolars	T023	C1704302
28393819	1632	1640	relining	T061	C0086121
28393819	1646	1657	round canal	T030	C0086881
28393819	1665	1691	maxillary central incisors	T023	C0227042
28393819	1726	1739	bond strength	T081	C0678599

28393896|t|Effects of Ibudilast on the Subjective, Reinforcing, and Analgesic Effects of Oxycodone in Recently Detoxified Adults with Opioid Dependence
28393896|a|Ibudilast, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is used clinically in Asia for the treatment of asthma and poststroke dizziness. Recent preclinical studies have suggested that it also inhibits glial cell activation in rodents, and may alter opioid - mediated effects, including analgesia and withdrawal symptoms. The effects of ibudilast on the abuse potential of opioids in humans are largely unknown. The present study was designed to examine the influence of ibudilast on subjective (including drug craving), reinforcing, and analgesic effects of oxycodone in human volunteers diagnosed with opioid dependence (equivalent to moderate-severe opioid use disorder). Non-treatment-seeking opioid-dependent male volunteers (n=11) underwent an in-patient detoxification with morphine, followed by maintenance on placebo (0 mg b.i.d.) and active ibudilast (50 mg b.i.d.). Under each maintenance dose, six experimental sample and choice sessions were completed involving oral oxycodone administration (0, 15, and 30 mg/70 kg, p.o.). Subjective effects of oxycodone and drug craving were measured with visual analog scales (VAS) and a Drug Effects Questionnaire. The cold pressor test was used to produce pain, and a modified progressive-ratio choice procedure was used to measure the reinforcing effects of oxycodone. Under the active ibudilast condition compared with the placebo condition, ratings of drug liking following 15 mg of oxycodone were decreased significantly. The mean drug breakpoint value was also significantly lower in the active vs the placebo ibudilast condition under the 15 mg oxycodone condition, but not significantly lower under the 30 mg oxycodone condition. Heroin craving was significantly reduced under active ibudilast vs placebo, and similar effects were observed for tobacco and cocaine craving. Furthermore, mean subjective ratings of pain were lower in the active ibudilast condition. Our data suggest that ibudilast may be useful for treating opioid use disorders and it may enhance the analgesic effects of oxycodone .Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, 10 May 2017; doi:10.1038/npp.2017.70.
28393896	11	20	Ibudilast	T109,T121	C0123047
28393896	28	38	Subjective	T080	C0439655
28393896	40	51	Reinforcing	T058	C2712291
28393896	57	74	Analgesic Effects	T033	C0948482
28393896	78	87	Oxycodone	T109,T121	C0030049
28393896	100	110	Detoxified	T061	C0150543
28393896	111	117	Adults	T100	C0001675
28393896	123	140	Opioid Dependence	T048	C0524662
28393896	141	150	Ibudilast	T109,T121	C0123047
28393896	167	194	phosphodiesterase inhibitor	T121	C0031638
28393896	204	214	clinically	T080	C0205210
28393896	218	222	Asia	T083	C0003980
28393896	231	240	treatment	T061	C0087111
28393896	244	250	asthma	T047	C0004096
28393896	255	275	poststroke dizziness	T184	C0012833
28393896	284	303	preclinical studies	T062	C1709631
28393896	341	351	glial cell	T025	C0027836
28393896	352	362	activation	T043	C2259058
28393896	366	373	rodents	T015	C0035804
28393896	389	395	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28393896	398	414	mediated effects	T169	C0728866
28393896	426	435	analgesia	T061	C0002766
28393896	440	459	withdrawal symptoms	T184	C0087169
28393896	476	485	ibudilast	T109,T121	C0123047
28393896	493	508	abuse potential	T080	C0237444
28393896	512	519	opioids	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28393896	523	529	humans	T016	C0086418
28393896	585	592	examine	T033	C0332128
28393896	610	619	ibudilast	T109,T121	C0123047
28393896	623	633	subjective	T080	C0439655
28393896	645	657	drug craving	T033	C0556446
28393896	660	671	reinforcing	T058	C2712291
28393896	677	694	analgesic effects	T033	C0948482
28393896	698	707	oxycodone	T109,T121	C0030049
28393896	711	716	human	T016	C0086418
28393896	717	727	volunteers	T055	C0439656
28393896	728	737	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28393896	743	760	opioid dependence	T048	C0524662
28393896	792	798	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28393896	799	811	use disorder	T048	C0013222
28393896	836	852	opioid-dependent	T048	C0524662
28393896	853	857	male	T098	C0025266
28393896	858	868	volunteers	T055	C0439656
28393896	889	899	in-patient	T101	C0030705
28393896	900	914	detoxification	T061	C0150543
28393896	920	928	morphine	T109,T121	C0026549
28393896	942	953	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28393896	957	964	placebo	T122	C1696465
28393896	983	989	active	T169	C0205177
28393896	990	999	ibudilast	T109,T121	C0123047
28393896	1027	1043	maintenance dose	T081	C3714445
28393896	1049	1061	experimental	T062	C0681814
28393896	1114	1118	oral	T082	C0442027
28393896	1119	1128	oxycodone	T109,T121	C0030049
28393896	1129	1143	administration	T061	C0001563
28393896	1176	1194	Subjective effects	T080	C0439655
28393896	1198	1207	oxycodone	T109,T121	C0030049
28393896	1212	1224	drug craving	T033	C0556446
28393896	1244	1264	visual analog scales	T060	C3536884
28393896	1266	1269	VAS	T060	C3536884
28393896	1277	1303	Drug Effects Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28393896	1309	1326	cold pressor test	T060	C0444689
28393896	1347	1351	pain	T184	C0030193
28393896	1368	1402	progressive-ratio choice procedure	T059	C0022885
28393896	1427	1446	reinforcing effects	T058	C2712291
28393896	1450	1459	oxycodone	T109,T121	C0030049
28393896	1471	1477	active	T169	C0205177
28393896	1478	1487	ibudilast	T109,T121	C0123047
28393896	1516	1523	placebo	T122	C1696465
28393896	1535	1542	ratings	T081	C0392762
28393896	1546	1550	drug	T121	C0013227
28393896	1551	1557	liking	T041	C0870814
28393896	1577	1586	oxycodone	T109,T121	C0030049
28393896	1592	1601	decreased	T081	C0205216
28393896	1602	1615	significantly	T078	C0750502
28393896	1621	1647	mean drug breakpoint value	T081	C1522609
28393896	1657	1670	significantly	T078	C0750502
28393896	1671	1676	lower	T080	C0205251
28393896	1684	1690	active	T169	C0205177
28393896	1698	1705	placebo	T122	C1696465
28393896	1706	1715	ibudilast	T109,T121	C0123047
28393896	1742	1751	oxycodone	T109,T121	C0030049
28393896	1771	1784	significantly	T078	C0750502
28393896	1785	1790	lower	T080	C0205251
28393896	1807	1816	oxycodone	T109,T121	C0030049
28393896	1828	1842	Heroin craving	T033	C0556446
28393896	1847	1860	significantly	T078	C0750502
28393896	1861	1868	reduced	T080	C0392756
28393896	1875	1881	active	T169	C0205177
28393896	1882	1891	ibudilast	T109,T121	C0123047
28393896	1895	1902	placebo	T122	C1696465
28393896	1942	1949	tobacco	T033	C0556446
28393896	1954	1969	cocaine craving	T184	C2138383
28393896	1984	2007	mean subjective ratings	T081	C0392762
28393896	2011	2015	pain	T184	C0030193
28393896	2021	2026	lower	T080	C0205251
28393896	2034	2040	active	T169	C0205177
28393896	2041	2050	ibudilast	T109,T121	C0123047
28393896	2066	2070	data	T078	C1511726
28393896	2084	2093	ibudilast	T109,T121	C0123047
28393896	2112	2120	treating	T061	C0087111
28393896	2121	2127	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28393896	2128	2141	use disorders	T048	C0013222
28393896	2165	2182	analgesic effects	T033	C0948482
28393896	2186	2195	oxycodone	T109,T121	C0030049

28394042|t|metabolic profiling of Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment
28394042|a|Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment is important to enable prompt treatment and improve patient welfare, yet no standard diagnostic test is available. Metabolomics is a powerful tool used to elucidate disease mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers. The objective of this study was to use metabolic profiling to understand the pathoetiology of Parkinson's disease and to identify potential disease biomarkers. This study compared the serological metabolomic profiles of early-stage Parkinson's patients (diagnosed < 12 months) to asymptomatic matched controls using an established array based detection system (DiscoveryHD4™, Metabolon, UK), correlating metabolite levels to clinical measurements of cognitive impairment. A total of 1434 serological metabolites were assessed in early-stage Parkinson's disease cases (n = 41) and asymptomatic matched controls (n = 40). Post-quality control, statistical analysis identified n = 20 metabolites, predominantly metabolites of the fatty acid oxidation pathway, associated with Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Receiver operator curve assessment confirmed that the nine fatty acid oxidation metabolites had good predictive accuracy (area under curve = 0.857) for early-stage Parkinson's disease and mild cognitive impairment (area under curve = 0.759). Our study indicates that fatty acid oxidation may be an important component in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and may have potential as a diagnostic biomarker for disease onset and mild cognitive impairment. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
28394042	0	19	metabolic profiling	T091	C1328813
28394042	23	42	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28394042	47	72	mild cognitive impairment	T048	C1270972
28394042	73	88	Early diagnosis	T060	C0596473
28394042	92	111	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28394042	116	141	mild cognitive impairment	T048	C1270972
28394042	158	181	enable prompt treatment	T169	C0039798
28394042	186	209	improve patient welfare	T033	C0243095
28394042	218	242	standard diagnostic test	T060	C0086143
28394042	257	269	Metabolomics	T091	C1328813
28394042	297	325	elucidate disease mechanisms	T062	C1515006
28394042	339	359	potential biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28394042	400	419	metabolic profiling	T091	C1328813
28394042	438	451	pathoetiology	T169	C0205469
28394042	455	474	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28394042	491	519	potential disease biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28394042	545	556	serological	T169	C0205473
28394042	557	577	metabolomic profiles	T091	C1328813
28394042	581	592	early-stage	T079	C2363430
28394042	593	604	Parkinson's	T047	C0030567
28394042	605	613	patients	T101	C0030705
28394042	615	624	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28394042	641	670	asymptomatic matched controls	T033	C0231221
28394042	692	720	array based detection system	T170	C3204041
28394042	722	735	DiscoveryHD4™	T170	C3204041
28394042	737	746	Metabolon	T170	C3204041
28394042	748	750	UK	T083	C0041700
28394042	753	782	correlating metabolite levels	T033	C0243095
28394042	786	807	clinical measurements	T058	C0947289
28394042	811	831	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28394042	849	860	serological	T169	C0205473
28394042	861	872	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28394042	878	886	assessed	T052	C1516048
28394042	890	901	early-stage	T079	C2363430
28394042	902	921	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28394042	941	970	asymptomatic matched controls	T033	C0231221
28394042	981	1001	Post-quality control	T079	C1254367
28394042	1003	1023	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28394042	1042	1053	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28394042	1069	1080	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28394042	1088	1116	fatty acid oxidation pathway	T169	C2984156
28394042	1118	1133	associated with	T080	C0332281
28394042	1134	1153	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28394042	1158	1183	mild cognitive impairment	T048	C1270972
28394042	1185	1219	Receiver operator curve assessment	T170	C0450973
28394042	1244	1264	fatty acid oxidation	T044	C1158366
28394042	1265	1276	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28394042	1281	1305	good predictive accuracy	T033	C0589148
28394042	1307	1323	area under curve	T081	C0376690
28394042	1337	1348	early-stage	T079	C2363430
28394042	1349	1368	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28394042	1373	1398	mild cognitive impairment	T048	C1270972
28394042	1400	1416	area under curve	T081	C0376690
28394042	1452	1472	fatty acid oxidation	T044	C1158366
28394042	1510	1525	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28394042	1529	1548	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28394042	1577	1597	diagnostic biomarker	T060	C1880302
28394042	1602	1615	disease onset	T079	C0277793
28394042	1620	1645	mild cognitive impairment	T048	C1270972

28394217|t|A Randomized, Head-to-Head Study of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
28394217|a|Virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) is one of the few interventions supported by randomized controlled trials for the treatment of combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in active duty service members. A comparative effectiveness study was conducted to determine if virtual reality technology itself improved outcomes, or if similar results could be achieved with a control exposure therapy (CET) condition. Service members with combat-related PTSD were randomly selected to receive nine weeks of VRET or CET. Assessors, but not therapists, were blinded. PTSD symptom improvement was assessed one week and 3 months after the conclusion of treatment using the clinician-administered PTSD scale (CAPS). A small crossover component was included. Results demonstrated that PTSD symptoms improved with both treatments, but there were no statistically significant differences between groups. Dropout rates were higher in VRET. Of those who received VRET, 13/42 (31%) showed >30% improvement on the CAPS, versus 16/43 (37%) who received CET. Three months after treatment, >30% improvement was seen in 10/33 (30%) of VRET participants and 12/33 (36%) in CET. Participants who crossed over (n = 11) showed no statistically significant improvements in a second round of treatment, regardless of condition. This study supported the utility of exposure therapy for PTSD, but did not support additional benefit by the inclusion of virtual reality.
28394217	2	12	Randomized	T062	C0034656
28394217	14	26	Head-to-Head	T080	C0205556
28394217	27	32	Study	T062	C2603343
28394217	36	68	Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy	T061	C3494470
28394217	73	102	Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	T048	C0038436
28394217	103	135	Virtual reality exposure therapy	T061	C3494470
28394217	137	141	VRET	T061	C3494470
28394217	161	174	interventions	T058	C1273869
28394217	175	184	supported	T077	C1521721
28394217	188	216	randomized controlled trials	T062,T170	C0282440
28394217	225	234	treatment	T061	C0087111
28394217	238	282	combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
28394217	284	288	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28394217	293	312	active duty service	T033	C2135638
28394217	313	320	members	T098	C0680022
28394217	324	355	comparative effectiveness study	T062	C1579762
28394217	386	401	virtual reality	T066	C0871582
28394217	402	412	technology	T090	C0039421
28394217	420	428	improved	T033	C0184511
28394217	429	437	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28394217	445	452	similar	T080	C2348205
28394217	453	460	results	T169	C1274040
28394217	470	478	achieved	T053	C0001072
28394217	486	510	control exposure therapy	T061	C0870527
28394217	512	515	CET	T061	C0870527
28394217	517	526	condition	T080	C0348080
28394217	528	535	Service	T057	C0557854
28394217	536	543	members	T098	C0680022
28394217	549	568	combat-related PTSD	T048	C0038436
28394217	574	582	randomly	T080	C0439605
28394217	583	591	selected	T052	C1707391
28394217	595	602	receive	T080	C1514756
28394217	608	613	weeks	T079	C0439230
28394217	617	621	VRET	T061	C3494470
28394217	625	628	CET	T061	C0870527
28394217	630	639	Assessors	T097	C0401803
28394217	649	659	therapists	T097	C0871525
28394217	666	673	blinded	T062	C0150108
28394217	675	679	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28394217	680	687	symptom	T184	C1457887
28394217	688	699	improvement	T077	C2986411
28394217	704	712	assessed	T052	C1516048
28394217	717	721	week	T079	C0439230
28394217	728	734	months	T079	C0439231
28394217	745	755	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28394217	759	768	treatment	T061	C0087111
28394217	779	812	clinician-administered PTSD scale	T170	C0349674
28394217	814	818	CAPS	T170	C0349674
28394217	823	828	small	T081	C0700321
28394217	853	861	included	T169	C0332257
28394217	863	870	Results	T169	C1274040
28394217	889	893	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28394217	894	902	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28394217	903	911	improved	T033	C0184511
28394217	922	932	treatments	T061	C0087111
28394217	952	977	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28394217	978	989	differences	T033	C3842396
28394217	998	1004	groups	T078	C0441833
28394217	1006	1013	Dropout	T098	C0030686
28394217	1014	1019	rates	T081	C1521828
28394217	1025	1031	higher	T080	C0205250
28394217	1035	1039	VRET	T061	C3494470
28394217	1054	1062	received	T080	C1514756
28394217	1063	1067	VRET	T061	C3494470
28394217	1093	1104	improvement	T077	C2986411
28394217	1112	1116	CAPS	T170	C0349674
28394217	1141	1149	received	T080	C1514756
28394217	1150	1153	CET	T061	C0870527
28394217	1161	1167	months	T079	C0439231
28394217	1174	1183	treatment	T061	C0087111
28394217	1190	1201	improvement	T077	C2986411
28394217	1229	1233	VRET	T061	C3494470
28394217	1234	1246	participants	T098	C0679646
28394217	1266	1269	CET	T061	C0870527
28394217	1271	1283	Participants	T098	C0679646
28394217	1288	1300	crossed over	T033	C0243095
28394217	1320	1345	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28394217	1346	1358	improvements	T077	C2986411
28394217	1364	1370	second	T081	C0205436
28394217	1380	1389	treatment	T061	C0087111
28394217	1391	1401	regardless	T080	C3641650
28394217	1405	1414	condition	T080	C0348080
28394217	1421	1426	study	T062	C2603343
28394217	1427	1436	supported	T077	C1521721
28394217	1441	1448	utility	T169	C3669222
28394217	1452	1468	exposure therapy	T061	C0870527
28394217	1473	1477	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28394217	1491	1498	support	T077	C1521721
28394217	1499	1509	additional	T169	C1524062
28394217	1510	1517	benefit	T081	C0814225
28394217	1525	1534	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28394217	1538	1553	virtual reality	T066	C0871582

28394294|t|Relationship between Occupational Stress, 5-HT2A Receptor Polymorphisms and Mental Health in Petroleum Workers in the Xinjiang Arid Desert: A Cross-Sectional Study
28394294|a|At present, there is growing interest in research examining the relationship between occupational stress and mental health. Owing to the socioeconomic impact of occupational stress and the unique environment of petroleum workers in Xinjiang, a cross-sectional study was carried out between April and December 2015 to investigate the relationship between occupational stress, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5-HTR2A) genotype, and mental health. A total of 1485 workers were selected. The Symptom Checklist 90 was used to assess nine classes of psychological symptoms. Work-related stressors were evaluated using the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised Edition. Levels of 5-HTR2A (the Tl02C and A-1438G single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5-HTR2A gene) were measured by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP). The findings of the present study revealed a high prevalence rate of mental health problems (40.29%) in petroleum workers stationed in the arid desert, and suggested a strong correlation between occupational stress and mental health. The TC and CC genotype of Tl02C were found to be protective factors against mental health problems (odds ratio (OR) = 0.455, 95% confidence interval (CI): = 0.269-0.771, odds ratio (OR) = 0.340, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.162-0.716). AG and GG genotype of A-1438G [odds ratio (OR) 1 = 2.729, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.433-5.195; odds ratio (OR) 2 = 2.480, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.221-5.037] were revealed as risk factors. These data provide evidence that occupational stress and 5-HTR2A gene polymorphism contributes to the incidence of mental health problems.
28394294	0	12	Relationship	T080	C0439849
28394294	21	40	Occupational Stress	T068	C0814090
28394294	42	57	5-HT2A Receptor	T116,T192	C0289174
28394294	58	71	Polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28394294	76	89	Mental Health	T041	C0025353
28394294	93	110	Petroleum Workers	T097	C0335639
28394294	118	126	Xinjiang	T083	C0037186
28394294	127	138	Arid Desert	T083	C0562523
28394294	142	163	Cross-Sectional Study	T062	C0010362
28394294	205	213	research	T062	C0035168
28394294	228	240	relationship	T080	C0439849
28394294	249	268	occupational stress	T068	C0814090
28394294	273	286	mental health	T041	C0025353
28394294	301	314	socioeconomic	T077	C0748878
28394294	315	321	impact	T080	C4049986
28394294	325	344	occupational stress	T068	C0814090
28394294	360	371	environment	T082	C0162579
28394294	375	392	petroleum workers	T097	C0335639
28394294	396	404	Xinjiang	T083	C0037186
28394294	408	429	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28394294	481	492	investigate	T169	C1292732
28394294	497	509	relationship	T080	C0439849
28394294	518	537	occupational stress	T068	C0814090
28394294	539	567	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor	T116,T192	C0289174
28394294	569	576	5-HTR2A	T116,T192	C0289174
28394294	578	586	genotype	T032	C0017431
28394294	592	605	mental health	T041	C0025353
28394294	623	630	workers	T097	C0335639
28394294	650	670	Symptom Checklist 90	T170	C0451524
28394294	706	728	psychological symptoms	T184	C0233397
28394294	730	742	Work-related	T033	C1698590
28394294	743	752	stressors	T078	C0597530
28394294	758	767	evaluated	T169	C1292732
28394294	778	823	Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised Edition	T170	C0282574
28394294	825	831	Levels	T080	C0441889
28394294	835	842	5-HTR2A	T116,T192	C0289174
28394294	848	853	Tl02C	T086	C0752046
28394294	858	896	A-1438G single nucleotide polymorphism	T086	C0752046
28394294	904	916	5-HTR2A gene	T028	C1415809
28394294	935	960	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
28394294	965	1005	restriction fragment length polymorphism	T059	C3714764
28394294	1007	1010	PCR	T063	C0032520
28394294	1013	1017	RFLP	T059	C3714764
28394294	1024	1032	findings	T033	C0243095
28394294	1048	1053	study	T062	C0010362
28394294	1070	1080	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28394294	1081	1085	rate	T081	C1521828
28394294	1089	1111	mental health problems	T033	C1446377
28394294	1124	1141	petroleum workers	T097	C0335639
28394294	1159	1170	arid desert	T083	C0562523
28394294	1195	1206	correlation	T080	C1707520
28394294	1215	1234	occupational stress	T068	C0814090
28394294	1239	1252	mental health	T041	C0025353
28394294	1258	1276	TC and CC genotype	T032	C0017431
28394294	1280	1285	Tl02C	T086	C0752046
28394294	1303	1321	protective factors	T169	C1521761
28394294	1330	1352	mental health problems	T033	C1446377
28394294	1354	1364	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28394294	1366	1368	OR	T081	C0028873
28394294	1383	1402	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28394294	1404	1406	CI	T081	C0009667
28394294	1424	1434	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28394294	1436	1438	OR	T081	C0028873
28394294	1453	1472	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28394294	1474	1476	CI	T081	C0009667
28394294	1493	1511	AG and GG genotype	T032	C0017431
28394294	1515	1522	A-1438G	T086	C0752046
28394294	1524	1534	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28394294	1536	1538	OR	T081	C0028873
28394294	1555	1574	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28394294	1576	1578	CI	T081	C0009667
28394294	1594	1604	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28394294	1606	1608	OR	T081	C0028873
28394294	1625	1644	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28394294	1646	1648	CI	T081	C0009667
28394294	1681	1693	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28394294	1701	1705	data	T078	C1511726
28394294	1714	1722	evidence	T078	C3887511
28394294	1728	1747	occupational stress	T068	C0814090
28394294	1752	1764	5-HTR2A gene	T028	C1415809
28394294	1765	1777	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28394294	1797	1806	incidence	T081	C0021149
28394294	1810	1832	mental health problems	T033	C1446377

28394503|t|Accounting for linkage disequilibrium in genome scans for selection without individual genotypes: The local score approach
28394503|a|Detecting genomic footprints of selection is an important step in the understanding of evolution. Accounting for linkage disequilibrium in genome scans increases detection power, but haplotype -based methods require individual genotypes and are not applicable on pool-sequenced samples. We propose to take advantage of the local score approach to account for linkage disequilibrium in genome scans for selection, cumulating (possibly small) signals from single markers over a genomic segment, to clearly pinpoint a selection signal. Using computer simulations, we demonstrate that this approach detects selection with higher power than several state-of-the-art single-marker, windowing or haplotype -based approaches. We illustrate this on two benchmark data sets including individual genotypes, for which we obtain similar results with the local score and one haplotype -based approach. Finally, we apply the local score approach to Pool-Seq data obtained from a divergent selection experiment on behaviour in quail and obtain precise and biologically coherent selection signals: while competing methods fail to highlight any clear selection signature, our method detects several regions involving genes known to act on social responsiveness or autistic traits. Although we focus here on the detection of positive selection from multiple population data, the local score approach is general and can be applied to other genome scans for selection or other genomewide analyses such as GWAS.
28394503	0	10	Accounting	UnknownType	C0680857
28394503	15	37	linkage disequilibrium	T081	C0023746
28394503	41	53	genome scans	T061	C2349866
28394503	58	67	selection	T045	C0036576
28394503	68	75	without	T080	C0332288
28394503	76	86	individual	T080	C0443299
28394503	87	96	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28394503	102	122	local score approach	T062	C0036449
28394503	123	151	Detecting genomic footprints	T063	C0282579
28394503	155	164	selection	T045	C0036576
28394503	210	219	evolution	T045	C0015219
28394503	236	258	linkage disequilibrium	T081	C0023746
28394503	262	274	genome scans	T061	C2349866
28394503	285	294	detection	T061	C1511790
28394503	295	300	power	T081	C3854080
28394503	306	315	haplotype	T032	C0018591
28394503	339	349	individual	T080	C0443299
28394503	350	359	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28394503	386	408	pool-sequenced samples	T201	C1509144
28394503	446	466	local score approach	T062	C0036449
28394503	482	504	linkage disequilibrium	T081	C0023746
28394503	508	520	genome scans	T061	C2349866
28394503	525	534	selection	T045	C0036576
28394503	536	546	cumulating	T169	C1516698
28394503	564	571	signals	T044	C0037080
28394503	584	591	markers	T045	C0017393
28394503	599	614	genomic segment	T077	C1517520
28394503	638	647	selection	T045	C0036576
28394503	648	654	signal	T044	C0037080
28394503	662	682	computer simulations	T066	C0009609
28394503	718	725	detects	T033	C0442726
28394503	726	735	selection	T045	C0036576
28394503	767	783	state-of-the-art	UnknownType	C0700033
28394503	784	797	single-marker	T045	C0017393
28394503	812	821	haplotype	T032	C0018591
28394503	867	876	benchmark	T081	C0525063
28394503	877	886	data sets	T170	C0150098
28394503	897	907	individual	T080	C0443299
28394503	908	917	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28394503	964	975	local score	T062	C0036449
28394503	984	993	haplotype	T032	C0018591
28394503	1033	1053	local score approach	T062	C0036449
28394503	1057	1070	Pool-Seq data	T170	C0282574
28394503	1087	1096	divergent	T080	C1705242
28394503	1097	1106	selection	T045	C0036576
28394503	1107	1117	experiment	T062	C0681814
28394503	1121	1130	behaviour	T053	C0004927
28394503	1134	1139	quail	T012	C0034374
28394503	1163	1175	biologically	T080	C0205460
28394503	1176	1184	coherent	T033	C4068804
28394503	1185	1194	selection	T045	C0036576
28394503	1195	1202	signals	T044	C0037080
28394503	1256	1265	selection	T045	C0036576
28394503	1288	1295	detects	T033	C0442726
28394503	1322	1327	genes	T028	C0017337
28394503	1344	1350	social	T169	C0728831
28394503	1351	1365	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
28394503	1369	1384	autistic traits	T033	C4314654
28394503	1416	1425	detection	T033	C0442726
28394503	1429	1437	positive	T033	C1446409
28394503	1438	1447	selection	T045	C0036576
28394503	1453	1477	multiple population data	T170	C0282574
28394503	1483	1503	local score approach	T062	C0036449
28394503	1543	1555	genome scans	T061	C2349866
28394503	1560	1569	selection	T045	C0036576
28394503	1579	1598	genomewide analyses	T063	C2350277
28394503	1607	1611	GWAS	T063	C2350277

28394602|t|Is UV - Induced Electron-Driven Proton Transfer Active in a Chemically Modified A · T DNA Base Pair?
28394602|a|Transient electronic and vibrational absorption spectroscopies have been used to investigate whether UV - induced electron-driven proton transfer (EDPT) mechanisms are active in a chemically modified adenine - thymine (A · T) DNA base pair. To enhance the fraction of biologically relevant Watson-Crick (WC) hydrogen-bonding motifs and eliminate undesired Hoogsteen structures, a chemically modified derivative of A was synthesized, 8-(tert-butyl)-9-ethyladenine (8tBA). Equimolar solutions of 8tBA and silyl-protected T nucleosides in chloroform yield a mixture of WC pairs, reverse WC pairs, and residual monomers. Unlike previous transient absorption studies of WC guanine - cytosin e (G · C) pairs, no clear spectroscopic or kinetic evidence was identified for the participation of EDPT in the excited-state relaxation dynamics of 8tBA · T pairs, although ultrafast (sub-100 fs) EDPT cannot be discounted. Monomer-like dynamics are proposed to dominate in 8tBA · T.
28394602	3	5	UV	T070	C0041625
28394602	8	15	Induced	T169	C0205263
28394602	16	47	Electron-Driven Proton Transfer	T070	C1254365
28394602	48	54	Active	T169	C0205177
28394602	60	79	Chemically Modified	T080	C0205556
28394602	80	81	A	T114,T123	C0001407
28394602	84	85	T	T114,T123	C0040087
28394602	86	89	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28394602	90	99	Base Pair	T044	C0600436
28394602	101	163	Transient electronic and vibrational absorption spectroscopies	T059	C0037806
28394602	182	193	investigate	T169	C1292732
28394602	202	204	UV	T070	C0041625
28394602	207	214	induced	T169	C0205263
28394602	215	246	electron-driven proton transfer	T070	C1254365
28394602	248	252	EDPT	T070	C1254365
28394602	254	264	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28394602	269	275	active	T169	C0205177
28394602	281	300	chemically modified	T080	C0205556
28394602	301	308	adenine	T114,T123	C0001407
28394602	311	318	thymine	T114,T123	C0040087
28394602	320	321	A	T114,T123	C0001407
28394602	324	325	T	T114,T123	C0040087
28394602	327	330	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28394602	331	340	base pair	T044	C0600436
28394602	357	368	fraction of	T081	C1264633
28394602	369	390	biologically relevant	T080	C2347946
28394602	391	425	Watson-Crick (WC) hydrogen-bonding	T070	C0020276
28394602	426	432	motifs	T086	C3178796
28394602	457	477	Hoogsteen structures	T104	C1254350
28394602	481	500	chemically modified	T080	C0205556
28394602	501	516	derivative of A	T169	C1527240
28394602	515	516	A	T114,T123	C0001407
28394602	521	532	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28394602	534	563	8-(tert-butyl)-9-ethyladenine	T109	C0029224
28394602	565	569	8tBA	T109	C0029224
28394602	572	591	Equimolar solutions	T167	C0037633
28394602	595	599	8tBA	T109	C0029224
28394602	604	621	silyl-protected T	T114,T123	C0040087
28394602	622	633	nucleosides	T114	C0028621
28394602	637	647	chloroform	T109,T130,T131	C0008238
28394602	648	653	yield	T081	C0392762
28394602	656	663	mixture	T167	C0439962
28394602	667	675	WC pairs	T044	C0600436
28394602	677	693	reverse WC pairs	T044	C0600436
28394602	699	716	residual monomers	T104	C0596973
28394602	734	762	transient absorption studies	T059	C0037806
28394602	769	776	guanine	T114	C0018321
28394602	779	786	cytosin	T109,T123	C0010843
28394602	790	791	G	T114	C0018321
28394602	794	795	C	T109,T123	C0010843
28394602	797	802	pairs	T044	C0600436
28394602	813	846	spectroscopic or kinetic evidence	T078	C3887511
28394602	851	861	identified	T080	C0205396
28394602	870	883	participation	T169	C0679823
28394602	887	891	EDPT	T070	C1254365
28394602	899	932	excited-state relaxation dynamics	T070	C1254365
28394602	936	940	8tBA	T109	C0029224
28394602	943	944	T	T114,T123	C0040087
28394602	945	950	pairs	T044	C0600436
28394602	961	970	ultrafast	T080	C0456962
28394602	984	988	EDPT	T070	C1254365
28394602	1011	1032	Monomer-like dynamics	T070	C3826426
28394602	1061	1065	8tBA	T109	C0029224
28394602	1068	1069	T	T114,T123	C0040087

28394851|t|Development and validation of the self-reported PROMIS pediatric pain behavior item bank and short form scale
28394851|a|Pain behaviors are important indicators of functioning in chronic pain; however, no self-reported pain behavior instrument has been developed for pediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to create a brief pediatric measure of patient-reported pain behaviors as part of the Patient- Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS). A pool of 47 candidate items for this measure had been previously developed through qualitative research. In this study, youth with chronic pain associated with juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), or sickle cell disease (SCD) (ages 8 to 18 years) from three pediatric centers completed all 47 candidate items for development of the pain behavior item bank along with established measures of pain interference, depressive symptoms, fatigue, average pain intensity, and pain catastrophizing. Caregivers reported on socio-demographic information and health history. Psychometric properties of the pain behavior items were examined using an item response theory (IRT) framework with confirmatory factor analysis and examination of differential item functioning, internal consistency, and test information curves. Results were used, along with expert consensus and alignment with the adult PROMIS pain behavior items to arrive at an 8- item pediatric pain behavior short form, and all 47 items were retained in a calibrated item bank. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlations with validated measures of pain, pain interference, and psychosocial functioning provided support for the short form's reliability and validity. The new PROMIS pediatric pain behavior scale provides a reliable, precise, and valid measure for future research on pain behavior in school-age children with chronic pain.
28394851	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
28394851	16	26	validation	T062	C1519941
28394851	34	47	self-reported	T062	C0681906
28394851	48	54	PROMIS	T170	C2964659
28394851	55	64	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28394851	65	78	pain behavior	T055	C0946267
28394851	79	88	item bank	T170	C0282574
28394851	93	109	short form scale	T170	C0349674
28394851	110	124	Pain behaviors	T055	C0946267
28394851	129	138	important	T080	C3898777
28394851	139	149	indicators	T169	C1522602
28394851	153	164	functioning	T169	C0205245
28394851	168	180	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28394851	194	207	self-reported	T062	C0681906
28394851	208	221	pain behavior	T055	C0946267
28394851	222	232	instrument	T170	C0038951
28394851	256	265	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28394851	266	277	populations	T098	C1257890
28394851	283	290	purpose	T169	C1285529
28394851	327	336	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28394851	337	344	measure	T081	C0079809
28394851	348	364	patient-reported	T062	C0681906
28394851	365	379	pain behaviors	T055	C0946267
28394851	395	451	Patient- Reported Outcome Measurement Information System	T170	C2964659
28394851	453	459	PROMIS	T170	C2964659
28394851	464	468	pool	T169	C2349200
28394851	475	490	candidate items	T170	C0282574
28394851	500	507	measure	T081	C0079809
28394851	546	566	qualitative research	T062	C0949415
28394851	583	588	youth	T100	C0087178
28394851	594	606	chronic pain	T184	C0150055
28394851	607	622	associated with	T080	C0332281
28394851	623	644	juvenile fibromyalgia	T047	C3896653
28394851	646	649	JFM	T047	C3896653
28394851	652	681	juvenile idiopathic arthritis	T047	C3495559
28394851	683	686	JIA	T047	C3495559
28394851	692	711	sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895
28394851	713	716	SCD	T047	C0002895
28394851	719	723	ages	T032	C0001779
28394851	732	737	years	T079	C1510829
28394851	750	767	pediatric centers	T073,T093	C3839701
28394851	795	800	items	T170	C0282574
28394851	805	816	development	T169	C1527148
28394851	824	837	pain behavior	T055	C0946267
28394851	838	847	item bank	T170	C0282574
28394851	859	870	established	T080	C0443211
28394851	871	879	measures	T081	C0079809
28394851	883	900	pain interference	T170	C4086721
28394851	902	921	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28394851	923	930	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28394851	932	954	average pain intensity	T170	C3898742
28394851	960	980	pain catastrophizing	T041	C3178745
28394851	982	992	Caregivers	T097	C0085537
28394851	1005	1034	socio-demographic information	T078	C1533716
28394851	1039	1053	health history	T033	C0455458
28394851	1055	1067	Psychometric	T060	C0033920
28394851	1068	1078	properties	T080	C0871161
28394851	1086	1099	pain behavior	T055	C0946267
28394851	1100	1105	items	T170	C0282574
28394851	1129	1149	item response theory	T062,T170	C0870753
28394851	1151	1154	IRT	T062,T170	C0870753
28394851	1171	1199	confirmatory factor analysis	T080	C0870334
28394851	1204	1215	examination	T058	C0582103
28394851	1219	1231	differential	T080	C0443199
28394851	1232	1236	item	T170	C0282574
28394851	1237	1248	functioning	T169	C0205245
28394851	1250	1270	internal consistency	T081	C0870731
28394851	1276	1299	test information curves	T170	C0282574
28394851	1301	1308	Results	T033	C0683954
28394851	1331	1347	expert consensus	T077	C0600219
28394851	1352	1361	alignment	T081	C1706765
28394851	1371	1376	adult	T100	C0001675
28394851	1377	1383	PROMIS	T170	C2964659
28394851	1384	1397	pain behavior	T055	C0946267
28394851	1398	1403	items	T170	C0282574
28394851	1423	1427	item	T170	C0282574
28394851	1428	1437	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28394851	1438	1451	pain behavior	T055	C0946267
28394851	1452	1462	short form	T170	C0349674
28394851	1475	1480	items	T170	C0282574
28394851	1486	1494	retained	T169	C0333118
28394851	1511	1520	item bank	T170	C0282574
28394851	1522	1550	Confirmatory factor analysis	T080	C0870334
28394851	1555	1567	correlations	T080	C1707520
28394851	1583	1591	measures	T081	C0079809
28394851	1595	1599	pain	T184	C0030193
28394851	1601	1618	pain interference	T170	C4086721
28394851	1624	1648	psychosocial functioning	T201	C0518884
28394851	1674	1686	short form's	T170	C0349674
28394851	1687	1698	reliability	T081	C2347947
28394851	1703	1711	validity	T081	C2349101
28394851	1721	1727	PROMIS	T170	C2964659
28394851	1728	1737	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28394851	1738	1751	pain behavior	T055	C0946267
28394851	1752	1757	scale	T170	C0349674
28394851	1798	1805	measure	T081	C0079809
28394851	1817	1825	research	T062	C0035168
28394851	1829	1842	pain behavior	T055	C0946267
28394851	1846	1865	school-age children	T100	C2827631
28394851	1871	1883	chronic pain	T184	C0150055

28394935|t|eNOS S-nitrosylates β-actin on Cys374 and regulates PKC-θ at the immune synapse by impairing actin binding to profilin-1
28394935|a|The actin cytoskeleton coordinates the organization of signaling microclusters at the immune synapse (IS); however, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. We show here that nitric oxide (NO) generated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) controls the coalescence of protein kinase C-θ (PKC-θ) at the central supramolecular activation cluster (c-SMAC) of the IS. eNOS translocated with the Golgi to the IS and partially colocalized with F-actin around the c-SMAC. This resulted in reduced actin polymerization and centripetal retrograde flow of β-actin and PKC-θ from the lamellipodium-like distal (d)-SMAC, promoting PKC-θ activation. Furthermore, eNOS -derived NO S-nitrosylated β-actin on Cys374 and impaired actin binding to profilin-1 (PFN1), as confirmed with the transnitrosylating agent S-nitroso-L-cysteine (Cys-NO). The importance of NO and the formation of PFN1-actin complexes on the regulation of PKC-θ was corroborated by overexpression of PFN1 - and actin-binding defective mutants of β-actin (C374S) and PFN1 (H119E), respectively, which reduced the coalescence of PKC-θ at the c-SMAC. These findings unveil a novel NO -dependent mechanism by which the actin cytoskeleton controls the organization and activation of signaling microclusters at the IS.
28394935	0	4	eNOS	T116,T126	C0132555
28394935	5	19	S-nitrosylates	T044	C1159123
28394935	20	27	β-actin	T116,T123	C0005186
28394935	31	37	Cys374	T116,T123	C0010654
28394935	42	51	regulates	T044	C1327623
28394935	52	57	PKC-θ	T116,T126	C0171420
28394935	65	79	immune synapse	T026	C1171348
28394935	83	92	impairing	T169	C0221099
28394935	93	106	actin binding	T044	C1149245
28394935	110	120	profilin-1	T116,T123	C0525216
28394935	125	172	actin cytoskeleton coordinates the organization	T043	C1155966
28394935	176	199	signaling microclusters	T129	C0021054
28394935	207	221	immune synapse	T026	C1171348
28394935	223	225	IS	T026	C1171348
28394935	241	251	mechanisms	T044	C3537153
28394935	305	317	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28394935	319	321	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28394935	336	369	endothelial nitric oxide synthase	T116,T126	C0132555
28394935	371	375	eNOS	T116,T126	C0132555
28394935	405	423	protein kinase C-θ	T116,T126	C0171420
28394935	425	430	PKC-θ	T116,T126	C0171420
28394935	439	480	central supramolecular activation cluster	T026	C1171348
28394935	482	488	c-SMAC	T026	C1171348
28394935	497	499	IS	T026	C1171348
28394935	501	505	eNOS	T116,T126	C0132555
28394935	506	518	translocated	T043	C0599893
28394935	528	533	Golgi	T026	C0018042
28394935	541	543	IS	T026	C1171348
28394935	558	569	colocalized	T082	C0392752
28394935	575	582	F-actin	T116,T123	C1180307
28394935	594	600	c-SMAC	T026	C1171348
28394935	627	647	actin polymerization	T043	C1155982
28394935	664	679	retrograde flow	T067	C1709934
28394935	683	690	β-actin	T116,T123	C0005186
28394935	695	700	PKC-θ	T116,T126	C0171420
28394935	710	728	lamellipodium-like	T026	C0230628
28394935	729	735	distal	T082	C0205108
28394935	736	744	(d)-SMAC	T026	C1171348
28394935	746	755	promoting	T052	C0033414
28394935	756	761	PKC-θ	T116,T126	C0171420
28394935	762	772	activation	T044	C0014429
28394935	787	791	eNOS	T116,T126	C0132555
28394935	801	803	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28394935	804	818	S-nitrosylated	T044	C1159123
28394935	819	826	β-actin	T116,T123	C0005186
28394935	830	836	Cys374	T116,T123	C0010654
28394935	841	849	impaired	T169	C0221099
28394935	850	863	actin binding	T044	C1149245
28394935	867	877	profilin-1	T116,T123	C0525216
28394935	879	883	PFN1	T116,T123	C0525216
28394935	908	926	transnitrosylating	T044	C3158785
28394935	933	953	S-nitroso-L-cysteine	T109,T121,T123	C0073896
28394935	955	961	Cys-NO	T109,T121,T123	C0073896
28394935	982	984	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28394935	1006	1026	PFN1-actin complexes	T116,T123	C1180347
28394935	1034	1044	regulation	T044	C1327623
28394935	1048	1053	PKC-θ	T116,T126	C0171420
28394935	1074	1088	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28394935	1092	1096	PFN1	T028	C1456390
28394935	1103	1116	actin-binding	T044	C1149245
28394935	1127	1134	mutants	T049	C0596988
28394935	1138	1153	β-actin (C374S)	T028	C1384510
28394935	1158	1170	PFN1 (H119E)	T028	C1456390
28394935	1219	1224	PKC-θ	T116,T126	C0171420
28394935	1232	1238	c-SMAC	T026	C1171348
28394935	1270	1272	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28394935	1284	1293	mechanism	T044	C3537153
28394935	1307	1351	actin cytoskeleton controls the organization	T043	C1155966
28394935	1356	1366	activation	T052	C1879547
28394935	1370	1393	signaling microclusters	T129	C0021054
28394935	1401	1403	IS	T026	C1171348

28395208|t|Increased dopamine receptor expression and anti-depressant response following deep brain stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle
28395208|a|Among several potential neuroanatomical targets pursued for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treating those with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), the superolateral-branch of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) is emerging as a privileged location. We investigated the antidepressant -like phenotypic and chemical changes associated with reward-processing dopaminergic systems in rat brains after MFB - DBS. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated, DBS - Off, and DBS -On. For DBS, a concentric bipolar electrode was stereotactically implanted into the right MFB. Exploratory activity and depression-like behavior were evaluated using the open-field and forced-swimming test (FST), respectively. MFB - DBS effects on the dopaminergic system were evaluated using immunoblotting for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine transporter (DAT), and dopamine receptors (D1-D5), and high-performance liquid chromatography for quantifying dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in brain homogenates of prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Animals receiving MFB - DBS showed a significant increase in swimming time without alterations in locomotor activity, relative to the DBS - Off (p<0.039) and sham-operated groups (p<0.014), indicating an antidepressant-like response. MFB - DBS led to a striking increase in protein levels of dopamine D2 receptors and DAT in the PFC and hippocampus, respectively. However, we did not observe appreciable differences in the expression of other dopamine receptors, TH, or in the concentrations of dopamine, DOPAC, and HVA in PFC, hippocampus, amygdala, and NAc. This study was not performed on an animal model of TRD. MFB - DBS rescues the depression-like phenotypes and selectively activates expression of dopamine receptors in brain regions distant from the target area of stimulation.
28395208	10	27	dopamine receptor	T116,T192	C0034798
28395208	28	38	expression	T045	C0597360
28395208	43	67	anti-depressant response	T040	C3549249
28395208	78	100	deep brain stimulation	T061	C0394162
28395208	108	131	medial forebrain bundle	T023	C0025055
28395208	156	171	neuroanatomical	T091	C0027816
28395208	172	179	targets	T169	C1521840
28395208	192	214	deep brain stimulation	T061	C0394162
28395208	216	219	DBS	T061	C0394162
28395208	245	275	treatment-resistant depression	T048	C2063866
28395208	277	280	TRD	T048	C2063866
28395208	315	338	medial forebrain bundle	T023	C0025055
28395208	340	343	MFB	T023	C0025055
28395208	403	417	antidepressant	T059	C1266792
28395208	424	434	phenotypic	T033	C1836717
28395208	439	455	chemical changes	T062	C1527218
28395208	490	510	dopaminergic systems	T025	C1512035
28395208	514	524	rat brains	T023	C1882598
28395208	531	534	MFB	T023	C0025055
28395208	537	540	DBS	T061	C0394162
28395208	542	546	Male	T080	C1706428
28395208	547	558	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
28395208	591	604	sham-operated	T061	C0032042
28395208	606	609	DBS	T061	C0394162
28395208	612	615	Off	T169	C1518544
28395208	621	624	DBS	T061	C0394162
28395208	634	637	DBS	T061	C0394162
28395208	641	669	concentric bipolar electrode	T074	C0025080
28395208	716	719	MFB	T023	C0025055
28395208	721	741	Exploratory activity	T055	C0015328
28395208	746	770	depression-like behavior	T048	C0011581
28395208	796	806	open-field	T033	C0243095
28395208	811	831	forced-swimming test	T033	C0243095
28395208	833	836	FST	T033	C0243095
28395208	853	856	MFB	T023	C0025055
28395208	859	862	DBS	T061	C0394162
28395208	878	897	dopaminergic system	T025	C1512035
28395208	919	933	immunoblotting	T059	C0020985
28395208	938	958	tyrosine hydroxylase	T116,T126	C0041491
28395208	960	962	TH	T116,T126	C0041491
28395208	965	985	dopamine transporter	T116,T123	C0114838
28395208	987	990	DAT	T116,T123	C0114838
28395208	997	1015	dopamine receptors	T116,T192	C0034798
28395208	1017	1022	D1-D5	T116,T192	C0034798
28395208	1029	1067	high-performance liquid chromatography	T059	C3641325
28395208	1084	1092	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28395208	1094	1124	3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid	T109,T123	C0000376
28395208	1126	1131	DOPAC	T109,T123	C0000376
28395208	1138	1155	homovanillic acid	T109,T123	C0019903
28395208	1157	1160	HVA	T109,T123	C0019903
28395208	1165	1170	brain	T023	C0006104
28395208	1171	1182	homogenates	T072	C3829671
28395208	1186	1203	prefrontal cortex	T023	C0162783
28395208	1205	1208	PFC	T023	C0162783
28395208	1211	1222	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28395208	1224	1232	amygdala	T023	C0002708
28395208	1238	1255	nucleus accumbens	T023	C0028633
28395208	1257	1260	NAc	T023	C0028633
28395208	1263	1270	Animals	T008	C0003062
28395208	1281	1284	MFB	T023	C0025055
28395208	1287	1290	DBS	T061	C0394162
28395208	1324	1337	swimming time	T033	C0243095
28395208	1361	1379	locomotor activity	T040	C0023946
28395208	1397	1400	DBS	T061	C0394162
28395208	1403	1406	Off	T169	C1518544
28395208	1421	1434	sham-operated	T061	C0032042
28395208	1497	1500	MFB	T023	C0025055
28395208	1503	1506	DBS	T061	C0394162
28395208	1525	1551	increase in protein levels	T034	C0428479
28395208	1555	1576	dopamine D2 receptors	T116,T192	C0058698
28395208	1581	1584	DAT	T116,T123	C0114838
28395208	1592	1595	PFC	T023	C0162783
28395208	1600	1611	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28395208	1686	1696	expression	T045	C1171362
28395208	1706	1724	dopamine receptors	T116,T192	C0034798
28395208	1726	1728	TH	T116,T126	C0041491
28395208	1758	1766	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28395208	1768	1773	DOPAC	T109,T123	C0000376
28395208	1779	1782	HVA	T109,T123	C0019903
28395208	1786	1789	PFC	T023	C0162783
28395208	1791	1802	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28395208	1804	1812	amygdala	T023	C0002708
28395208	1818	1821	NAc	T023	C0028633
28395208	1858	1870	animal model	T008	C0599779
28395208	1874	1877	TRD	T048	C2063866
28395208	1879	1882	MFB	T023	C0025055
28395208	1885	1888	DBS	T061	C0394162
28395208	1901	1916	depression-like	T048	C0011581
28395208	1917	1927	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28395208	1954	1964	expression	T045	C0597360
28395208	1968	1986	dopamine receptors	T116,T192	C0034798
28395208	1990	2003	brain regions	T029	C1273723
28395208	2021	2027	target	T169	C1521840
28395208	2036	2048	stimulation.	T061	C0870227

28395554|t|Monitoring proteolytic processing events by quantitative mass spectrometry
28395554|a|Protease activity plays a key role in a wide variety of biological processes including gene expression, protein turnover and development. misregulation of these proteins has been associated with many cancer types such as prostate, breast, and skin cancer. thus, the identification of protease substrates will provide key information to understand proteolysis -related pathologies. Areas covered: Proteomics -based methods to investigate proteolysis activity, focusing on substrate identification, protease specificity and their applications in systems biology are reviewed. Their quantification strategies, challenges and pitfalls are underlined and the biological implications of protease malfunction are highlighted. Expert commentary: Dysregulated protease activity is a hallmark for some disease pathologies such as cancer. Current biochemical approaches are low throughput and some are limited by the amount of sample required to obtain reliable results. Mass spectrometry based proteomics provides a suitable platform to investigate protease activity, providing information about substrate specificity and mapping cleavage sites.
28395554	0	10	Monitoring	T058	C1283169
28395554	11	33	proteolytic processing	T044	C1514570
28395554	34	40	events	T051	C0441471
28395554	44	74	quantitative mass spectrometry	T059	C3525763
28395554	75	92	Protease activity	T044	C1150095
28395554	105	109	role	T170	C3871154
28395554	131	151	biological processes	T038	C3714634
28395554	152	161	including	T169	C0332257
28395554	162	177	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28395554	179	195	protein turnover	T044	C0597297
28395554	200	211	development	T040	C0678723
28395554	213	226	misregulation	T033	C0243095
28395554	236	244	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28395554	254	269	associated with	T080	C0332281
28395554	275	287	cancer types	T033	C0872066
28395554	296	304	prostate	T191	C0376358
28395554	306	312	breast	T191	C0006142
28395554	318	329	skin cancer	T191	C0007114
28395554	341	355	identification	T080	C0205396
28395554	359	367	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28395554	368	378	substrates	T167	C3891814
28395554	384	391	provide	T052	C1999230
28395554	396	407	information	T078	C1533716
28395554	411	421	understand	T041	C0162340
28395554	422	433	proteolysis	T044	C0597304
28395554	443	454	pathologies	T091	C0030664
28395554	462	469	covered	T169	C0439844
28395554	471	481	Proteomics	T091	C0872252
28395554	489	496	methods	T170	C0025663
28395554	500	511	investigate	T169	C1292732
28395554	512	533	proteolysis activity,	T044	C0597304
28395554	546	555	substrate	T167	C3891814
28395554	556	570	identification	T080	C0205396
28395554	572	580	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28395554	581	592	specificity	UnknownType	C0678612
28395554	603	615	applications	T061	C0441485
28395554	619	634	systems biology	T091	C1450477
28395554	639	647	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28395554	655	669	quantification	T081	C1709793
28395554	682	692	challenges	T058	C0805586
28395554	697	705	pitfalls	T080	C0205556
28395554	729	739	biological	T080	C0205460
28395554	756	764	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28395554	765	776	malfunction	T169	C0231174
28395554	794	811	Expert commentary	T077	C0600219
28395554	813	825	Dysregulated	T033	C0243095
28395554	826	843	protease activity	T044	C1150095
28395554	849	857	hallmark	T080	C0205556
28395554	867	874	disease	T047	C0012634
28395554	875	886	pathologies	T091	C0030664
28395554	895	901	cancer	T191	C0006826
28395554	903	910	Current	T079	C0521116
28395554	911	922	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28395554	923	933	approaches	T169	C1292724
28395554	938	941	low	T080	C0205251
28395554	942	952	throughput	T081	C0392762
28395554	966	973	limited	T169	C0439801
28395554	981	987	amount	T081	C1265611
28395554	991	997	sample	T077	C2347026
28395554	998	1006	required	T169	C1514873
28395554	1010	1016	obtain	T169	C1301820
28395554	1026	1033	results	T034	C0456984
28395554	1035	1052	Mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28395554	1059	1069	proteomics	T091	C0872252
28395554	1070	1078	provides	T052	C1999230
28395554	1081	1089	suitable	T080	C3900053
28395554	1090	1098	platform	T075	C1710360
28395554	1102	1113	investigate	T169	C1292732
28395554	1114	1131	protease activity	T044	C1150095
28395554	1133	1142	providing	T052	C1999230
28395554	1143	1154	information	T078	C1533716
28395554	1161	1182	substrate specificity	T081	C0038592
28395554	1187	1194	mapping	T059	C0030944
28395554	1195	1209	cleavage sites	T087	C0002518

28395912|t|Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography: Impact of Abnormal Blood Potassium Levels on Cardiac Arrhythmias
28395912|a|Guidelines suggest that an abnormal blood potassium level is a relative contraindication to performing dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE). However, this has not been previously studied. We reviewed a consecutive series of patients who had potassium testing within 48 hours of undergoing DSE for the evaluation of myocardial ischemia over a 10- year period (N = 13,198). Normal potassium range in our laboratory is 3.6-5.2 mmol/L. Hemolyzed samples were not included. The association of potassium levels with the development of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias was assessed. The incidence of clinically significant arrhythmias was very low (supraventricular tachycardia / atrial fibrillation, 4.9%; nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, 2.9%; sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation, 0.1%), confirming the overall safety of DSE. Most arrhythmias (88%) occurred in patients with normal potassium levels, and arrhythmia rates remained low in patients with potassium abnormalities. Patients with hyperkalemia had a lower risk of developing mild (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% CI, 0.22-0.71) and severe (OR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.01-0.68) supraventricular arrhythmias as well as mild ventricular arrhythmias (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.40-0.83). Even though events were rare, patients with severe hypokalemia (potassium levels ≤ 3.1 mmol/L) had an increased risk of supraventricular arrhythmia and ventricular ectopy. DSE is safe even in the setting of abnormalities in blood potassium concentrations, and hence cancellation of DSE in patients with potassium abnormalities does not appear warranted. Elevated potassium levels are associated with lower rates of clinically significant supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. While remaining at relatively low risk, patients with very low potassium levels (≤3.1 mmol/L) at the time of DSE have a modestly increased risk of arrhythmia. Consideration could be given to correcting severe hypokalemia prior to DSE.
28395912	0	34	Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography	T060	C0949700
28395912	36	42	Impact	T080	C4049986
28395912	46	54	Abnormal	T033	C0205161
28395912	55	77	Blood Potassium Levels	T034	C1261540
28395912	81	100	Cardiac Arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
28395912	101	111	Guidelines	T170	C0162791
28395912	128	136	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28395912	137	158	blood potassium level	T034	C1261540
28395912	173	189	contraindication	T080	C0522473
28395912	193	203	performing	T169	C0884358
28395912	204	238	dobutamine stress echocardiography	T060	C0949700
28395912	240	243	DSE	T060	C0949700
28395912	296	304	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28395912	307	337	consecutive series of patients	T062	C2985408
28395912	346	355	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28395912	356	363	testing	T169	C0039593
28395912	374	379	hours	T079	C0439227
28395912	394	397	DSE	T060	C0949700
28395912	406	416	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28395912	420	439	myocardial ischemia	T047	C0151744
28395912	451	455	year	T079	C0439234
28395912	456	462	period	T079	C1948053
28395912	484	493	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28395912	494	499	range	T081	C1514721
28395912	507	517	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28395912	537	554	Hemolyzed samples	T033	C0475880
28395912	578	589	association	T080	C0439849
28395912	593	609	potassium levels	T033	C0428289
28395912	619	630	development	T169	C1527148
28395912	634	650	supraventricular	T046	C0428974
28395912	655	678	ventricular arrhythmias	T047	C0085612
28395912	683	691	assessed	T052	C1516048
28395912	733	744	arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
28395912	754	757	low	T080	C0205251
28395912	759	787	supraventricular tachycardia	T047	C0039240
28395912	790	809	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28395912	817	853	nonsustained ventricular tachycardia	T046	C2919575
28395912	861	894	sustained ventricular tachycardia	T047	C0750197
28395912	898	922	ventricular fibrillation	T047	C0042510
28395912	946	960	overall safety	T068	C0036043
28395912	964	967	DSE	T060	C0949700
28395912	974	985	arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
28395912	1004	1012	patients	T101	C0030705
28395912	1025	1041	potassium levels	T033	C0428289
28395912	1047	1057	arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
28395912	1058	1063	rates	T081	C1521828
28395912	1073	1076	low	T080	C0205251
28395912	1080	1088	patients	T101	C0030705
28395912	1094	1103	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28395912	1104	1117	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28395912	1119	1127	Patients	T101	C0030705
28395912	1133	1145	hyperkalemia	T033	C0020461
28395912	1158	1162	risk	T078	C0035647
28395912	1177	1181	mild	T080	C2945599
28395912	1183	1193	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28395912	1195	1197	OR	T081	C0028873
28395912	1210	1212	CI	T081	C0009667
28395912	1229	1235	severe	T080	C0205082
28395912	1237	1239	OR	T081	C0028873
28395912	1251	1253	CI	T081	C0009667
28395912	1266	1294	supraventricular arrhythmias	T046	C0428974
28395912	1306	1310	mild	T080	C2945599
28395912	1311	1334	ventricular arrhythmias	T047	C0085612
28395912	1336	1338	OR	T081	C0028873
28395912	1350	1352	CI	T081	C0009667
28395912	1390	1394	rare	T080	C0522498
28395912	1396	1404	patients	T101	C0030705
28395912	1410	1416	severe	T080	C0205082
28395912	1417	1428	hypokalemia	T033	C0020621
28395912	1430	1446	potassium levels	T033	C0428289
28395912	1468	1477	increased	T081	C0205217
28395912	1478	1482	risk	T078	C0035647
28395912	1486	1513	supraventricular arrhythmia	T046	C0428974
28395912	1518	1536	ventricular ectopy	T047	C0012634
28395912	1538	1541	DSE	T060	C0949700
28395912	1573	1586	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28395912	1590	1620	blood potassium concentrations	T034	C1261540
28395912	1648	1651	DSE	T060	C0949700
28395912	1655	1663	patients	T101	C0030705
28395912	1669	1678	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28395912	1679	1692	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28395912	1720	1728	Elevated	T080	C3163633
28395912	1729	1745	potassium levels	T033	C0428289
28395912	1750	1765	associated with	T080	C0332281
28395912	1804	1820	supraventricular	T046	C0428974
28395912	1825	1848	ventricular arrhythmias	T047	C0085612
28395912	1880	1883	low	T080	C0205251
28395912	1884	1888	risk	T078	C0035647
28395912	1890	1898	patients	T101	C0030705
28395912	1909	1912	low	T080	C0205251
28395912	1913	1929	potassium levels	T033	C0428289
28395912	1959	1962	DSE	T060	C0949700
28395912	1979	1988	increased	T081	C0205217
28395912	1989	1993	risk	T078	C0035647
28395912	1997	2007	arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
28395912	2052	2058	severe	T080	C0205082
28395912	2059	2070	hypokalemia	T033	C0020621
28395912	2071	2076	prior	T079	C0332152
28395912	2080	2083	DSE	T060	C0949700

28396298|t|TGF-β1 functional polymorphisms: a review
28396298|a|Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a role in several biological processes. TGF-β1 is the most abundantly expressed isoform, associated with susceptibility to various diseases, and several polymorphisms have been described in the TGF-β1 gene structure, and some of them have been associated with functional implications. To date, eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion / insertion polymorphism have been shown to affect TGF-β1 expression (rs2317130, rs11466313, rs1800468, rs1800469, rs11466314, rs1800471, rs1800470, and rs11466316); some of these interfere with transcriptional regulation by affecting the binding of transcription factors binding, while others interfere with protein production. These polymorphisms have been associated with different types of diseases (i.e., cancers, cardiac diseases, inflammatory diseases, and others) and could therefore be used as susceptibility biomarkers. Since polymorphism clusters are likely to be more reliable than single polymorphisms in this respect, it is hoped that haplotype analysis of TGF-β1 may reveal the genetic basis of disease susceptibility associated with the TGF-β1 gene.
28396298	0	6	TGF-β1	T028	C1366557
28396298	7	31	functional polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28396298	35	41	review	T170	C0282443
28396298	42	70	Transforming Growth Factor β	T116,T123	C0040690
28396298	72	77	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
28396298	84	99	multifunctional	T169	C0205245
28396298	100	108	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28396298	138	158	biological processes	T038	C3714634
28396298	160	166	TGF-β1	T028	C1366557
28396298	200	207	isoform	T116	C0597298
28396298	209	224	associated with	T080	C0332281
28396298	225	239	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28396298	251	259	diseases	T047	C0012634
28396298	273	286	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28396298	314	325	TGF-β1 gene	T028	C1366557
28396298	326	335	structure	T028	C1517495
28396298	364	379	associated with	T080	C0332281
28396298	420	451	single-nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28396298	453	457	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28396298	467	475	deletion	T045	C0017260
28396298	478	487	insertion	T049	C1955829
28396298	488	500	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28396298	527	533	TGF-β1	T028	C1366557
28396298	534	544	expression	T045	C0017262
28396298	546	555	rs2317130	T045	C0017262
28396298	557	567	rs11466313	T045	C0017262
28396298	569	578	rs1800468	T045	C0017262
28396298	580	589	rs1800469	T045	C0017262
28396298	591	601	rs11466314	T045	C0017262
28396298	603	612	rs1800471	T045	C0017262
28396298	614	623	rs1800470	T045	C0017262
28396298	629	639	rs11466316	T045	C0017262
28396298	656	670	interfere with	T169	C0521102
28396298	671	697	transcriptional regulation	T045	C1158770
28396298	715	722	binding	T044	C0033618
28396298	726	747	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
28396298	748	755	binding	T044	C0033618
28396298	770	784	interfere with	T169	C0521102
28396298	785	792	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28396298	785	803	protein production	T044	C1148560
28396298	811	824	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28396298	835	850	associated with	T080	C0332281
28396298	861	878	types of diseases	T170	C0457464
28396298	886	893	cancers	T191	C0006826
28396298	895	911	cardiac diseases	T047	C0018799
28396298	913	934	inflammatory diseases	T047	C1290884
28396298	979	993	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28396298	994	1004	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28396298	1012	1024	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28396298	1025	1033	clusters	T028	C0017258
28396298	1070	1090	single polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28396298	1125	1134	haplotype	T032	C0018591
28396298	1147	1153	TGF-β1	T028	C1366557
28396298	1186	1208	disease susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28396298	1209	1224	associated with	T080	C0332281
28396298	1229	1240	TGF-β1 gene	T028	C1366557

28396345|t|The WW domain of the scaffolding protein IQGAP1 is neither necessary nor sufficient for binding to the MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2
28396345|a|Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) scaffold proteins, such as IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1), are promising targets for novel therapies against cancer and other diseases. Such approaches require accurate information about which domains on the scaffold protein bind to the kinases in the MAPK cascade. Results from previous studies have suggested that the WW domain of IQGAP1 binds to the cancer -associated MAPKs ERK1 and ERK2, and that this domain might thus offer a new tool to selectively inhibit MAPK activation in cancer cells. The goal of this work was therefore to critically evaluate which IQGAP1 domains bind to ERK1 / 2. Here, using quantitative in vitro binding assays, we show that the IQ domain of IQGAP1 is both necessary and sufficient for binding to ERK1 and ERK2, as well as to the MAPK kinases MEK1 and MEK2. Furthermore, we show that the WW domain is not required for ERK - IQGAP1 binding, and contributes little or no binding energy to this interaction, challenging previous models of how WW-based peptides might inhibit tumorigenesis. Finally, we show that the ERK2 - IQGAP1 interaction does not require ERK2 phosphorylation or catalytic activity and does not involve known docking recruitment sites on ERK2, and we obtain an estimate of the dissociation constant (Kd) for this interaction of 8 μm These results prompt a re-evaluation of published findings and a refined model of IQGAP scaffolding.
28396345	4	13	WW domain	T087	C1514562
28396345	21	40	scaffolding protein	T116,T123	C1179132
28396345	41	47	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C1453155
28396345	73	83	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28396345	88	95	binding	T044	C1167622
28396345	103	108	MAPKs	T116,T126	C0752312
28396345	109	113	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
28396345	118	122	ERK2	T116,T126	C0170168
28396345	123	155	Mitogen-activated protein kinase	T116,T126	C0752312
28396345	157	161	MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
28396345	163	180	scaffold proteins	T116,T123	C1179132
28396345	190	237	IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1	T116,T123	C1453155
28396345	239	245	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C1453155
28396345	262	269	targets	T169	C1521840
28396345	280	289	therapies	T061	C0087111
28396345	298	304	cancer	T191	C0006826
28396345	315	323	diseases	T047	C0012634
28396345	349	357	accurate	T080	C0443131
28396345	358	369	information	T078	C1533716
28396345	382	389	domains	T087	C1514562
28396345	397	413	scaffold protein	T116,T123	C1179132
28396345	414	418	bind	T044	C1167622
28396345	426	433	kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
28396345	441	453	MAPK cascade	T044	C0752319
28396345	509	518	WW domain	T087	C1514562
28396345	522	528	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C1453155
28396345	529	534	binds	T044	C1167622
28396345	542	548	cancer	T191	C0006826
28396345	561	566	MAPKs	T116,T126	C0752312
28396345	567	571	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
28396345	576	580	ERK2	T116,T126	C0170168
28396345	596	602	domain	T087	C1514562
28396345	646	653	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28396345	654	658	MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
28396345	659	669	activation	T044	C0014429
28396345	673	685	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28396345	737	745	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28396345	752	758	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C1453155
28396345	759	766	domains	T087	C1514562
28396345	767	771	bind	T044	C1167622
28396345	775	779	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
28396345	782	783	2	T116,T126	C0170168
28396345	797	809	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28396345	810	833	in vitro binding assays	T062	C1515653
28396345	852	861	IQ domain	T087	C1514562
28396345	865	871	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C1453155
28396345	894	904	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28396345	909	916	binding	T044	C1167622
28396345	920	924	ERK1	T116,T126	C0082529
28396345	929	933	ERK2	T116,T126	C0170168
28396345	953	957	MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
28396345	958	965	kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
28396345	966	970	MEK1	T116,T126	C1434639
28396345	975	979	MEK2	T116,T126	C1434641
28396345	1011	1020	WW domain	T087	C1514562
28396345	1041	1044	ERK	T116,T126	C0752312
28396345	1047	1053	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C1453155
28396345	1054	1061	binding	T044	C1167622
28396345	1089	1091	no	T033	C1513916
28396345	1092	1106	binding energy	T081	C1442080
28396345	1115	1126	interaction	T044	C0872079
28396345	1149	1155	models	T170	C3161035
28396345	1163	1180	WW-based peptides	T116	C0030956
28396345	1187	1194	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28396345	1195	1208	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
28396345	1236	1240	ERK2	T116,T126	C0170168
28396345	1243	1249	IQGAP1	T116,T123	C1453155
28396345	1250	1261	interaction	T044	C0872079
28396345	1279	1283	ERK2	T116,T126	C0170168
28396345	1284	1299	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28396345	1303	1321	catalytic activity	T081	C1547012
28396345	1349	1356	docking	T044	C1522290
28396345	1369	1374	sites	T082	C0205145
28396345	1378	1382	ERK2	T116,T126	C0170168
28396345	1417	1443	dissociation constant (Kd)	T067	C1254366
28396345	1453	1464	interaction	T044	C0872079
28396345	1496	1509	re-evaluation	T062	C0681840
28396345	1523	1531	findings	T033	C0243095
28396345	1538	1551	refined model	T170	C3161035
28396345	1555	1572	IQGAP scaffolding	T116,T123	C1179132

28396695|t|A new patient safety smartphone application for prevention of " forgotten " ureteral stents: results from a clinical pilot study in 194 patients
28396695|a|Approximately 12% of all ureteral stents placed are retained or " forgotten ." Forgotten stents are associated with significant safety concerns as well as increased costs and legal issues. Retained ureteral stents (RUS) often occur due to lack of clinical follow-up, communication or language barriers, and economic concerns. We describe a multiplatform application that facilitates data collection to prevent RUS. The "Stent Tracker" application can be installed on mobile devices and computers. The encrypted and password-protected information is accessible from any device and provides information about each procedure, stent placement and removal dates, as well as product description. This multicenter retrospective study included 194 patients who underwent stent placement between July and October 2015. Nominal data was tallied and ordinal data was divided into quartiles of 25, 50, and 75%. A total of 194 patients from three institutions underwent ureteral stent placement. Reasons for stent placement include 122 cases post ureteroscopy (63%), 8 cases post percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) (4%), 14 cases post extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) (7%), 18 cases of cancer-related ureteral obstruction (9%), 21 cases of hydronephrosis (11%), and 11 for other reasons (6%). Of these patients, only one patient was lost to follow-up (0.5%). On average, ureteral stents were removed within 14 days of placement (IQR: 8-26 days). The " Stent Tracker " is a patient safety application that provides a secure and simplified interface, which can significantly reduce the incidence of RUS. Further developments could include automated notifications to patients and staff, color-coding, and integrated information with electronic patient charts.
28396695	2	5	new	T080	C0205314
28396695	6	20	patient safety	T058	C1113679
28396695	21	43	smartphone application	T170	C3658303
28396695	48	58	prevention	T080	C2700409
28396695	64	73	forgotten	T033	C0243095
28396695	76	91	ureteral stents	T074	C0183518
28396695	93	100	results	T169	C1274040
28396695	108	128	clinical pilot study	T062	C0008972
28396695	136	144	patients	T101	C0030705
28396695	145	158	Approximately	T080	C0332232
28396695	170	185	ureteral stents	T074	C0183518
28396695	197	205	retained	T169	C0333118
28396695	211	220	forgotten	T033	C0243095
28396695	224	233	Forgotten	T033	C0243095
28396695	234	240	stents	T074	C0183518
28396695	245	260	associated with	T080	C0332281
28396695	261	272	significant	T078	C0750502
28396695	273	288	safety concerns	T058	C0150755
28396695	300	309	increased	T081	C0205217
28396695	310	315	costs	T081	C0010186
28396695	320	332	legal issues	T089	C0680513
28396695	334	342	Retained	T169	C0333118
28396695	343	358	ureteral stents	T074	C0183518
28396695	360	363	RUS	T074	C0183518
28396695	384	388	lack	T080	C0332268
28396695	392	410	clinical follow-up	T058	C3274571
28396695	412	425	communication	T054	C0009452
28396695	429	446	language barriers	T033	C0237167
28396695	452	469	economic concerns	T081	C0013551
28396695	485	510	multiplatform application	T170	C3658303
28396695	516	527	facilitates	T169	C0205245
28396695	528	543	data collection	T062	C0010995
28396695	547	554	prevent	T080	C2700409
28396695	555	558	RUS	T074	C0183518
28396695	564	591	"Stent Tracker" application	T170	C3658303
28396695	599	608	installed	T169	C0205245
28396695	612	626	mobile devices	T073	C1136360
28396695	631	640	computers	T073	C0009622
28396695	646	655	encrypted	T080	C1707909
28396695	660	678	password-protected	T170	C1709475
28396695	679	690	information	T078	C1533716
28396695	714	720	device	T073	C0699733
28396695	734	745	information	T078	C1533716
28396695	757	766	procedure	T169	C2700391
28396695	768	783	stent placement	T061	C0522776
28396695	788	795	removal	T061	C0522778
28396695	796	801	dates	T079	C0011008
28396695	814	833	product description	T170	C0678257
28396695	840	871	multicenter retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28396695	885	893	patients	T101	C0030705
28396695	908	923	stent placement	T061	C0522776
28396695	932	936	July	T080	C3829447
28396695	941	948	October	T079	C3828732
28396695	955	967	Nominal data	T078	C1511726
28396695	972	979	tallied	T080	C0205556
28396695	984	996	ordinal data	T078	C1511726
28396695	1014	1023	quartiles	T080	C2828255
28396695	1059	1067	patients	T101	C0030705
28396695	1079	1091	institutions	T078	C1272753
28396695	1102	1110	ureteral	T023	C0041951
28396695	1111	1126	stent placement	T061	C0522776
28396695	1128	1135	Reasons	T078	C0392360
28396695	1140	1155	stent placement	T061	C0522776
28396695	1168	1173	cases	T169	C0868928
28396695	1174	1178	post	T079	C0687676
28396695	1179	1191	ureteroscopy	T058	C0194261
28396695	1201	1206	cases	T169	C0868928
28396695	1207	1211	post	T079	C0687676
28396695	1212	1240	percutaneous nephrolithotomy	T061	C0162428
28396695	1242	1246	PCNL	T061	C0162428
28396695	1257	1262	cases	T169	C0868928
28396695	1263	1267	post	T079	C0687676
28396695	1268	1305	extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy	T061	C0015359
28396695	1307	1310	SWL	T061	C0015359
28396695	1321	1326	cases	T169	C0868928
28396695	1330	1344	cancer-related	T033	C2826292
28396695	1345	1365	ureteral obstruction	T190	C0041956
28396695	1375	1380	cases	T169	C0868928
28396695	1384	1398	hydronephrosis	T047	C0020295
28396695	1423	1430	reasons	T078	C0392360
28396695	1446	1454	patients	T101	C0030705
28396695	1465	1472	patient	T101	C0030705
28396695	1477	1481	lost	T169	C0745777
28396695	1485	1494	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28396695	1515	1530	ureteral stents	T074	C0183518
28396695	1554	1558	days	T079	C0439228
28396695	1562	1571	placement	T061	C0522776
28396695	1573	1576	IQR	T081	C1711350
28396695	1583	1587	days	T079	C0439228
28396695	1596	1609	Stent Tracker	T170	C3658303
28396695	1617	1631	patient safety	T058	C1113679
28396695	1632	1643	application	T170	C3658303
28396695	1660	1666	secure	T080	C0205556
28396695	1671	1691	simplified interface	T170	C2698172
28396695	1703	1723	significantly reduce	T080	C0392756
28396695	1741	1744	RUS	T074	C0183518
28396695	1754	1766	developments	T169	C1527148
28396695	1781	1804	automated notifications	T078	C1548024
28396695	1808	1816	patients	T101	C0030705
28396695	1821	1826	staff	T097	C0851286
28396695	1828	1840	color-coding	T170	C0805701
28396695	1846	1868	integrated information	T078	C1533716
28396695	1874	1899	electronic patient charts	T073	C1268547

28396744|t|Diabetic nephropathy as the cause of end-stage kidney disease reported on the medical evidence form CMS2728 at a single center
28396744|a|Background: End-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence due to Type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) is 35-50%, according to the United States Renal Data System. Methods: A single- center, retrospective cohort study to determine incidence and diagnostic accuracy for Type 2 DN as the primary cause of ESRD (Code 250.40) on the Center for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) Medical Evidence Report form (CMS2728) submitted at renal replacement therapy initiation. All patients ≥18 years of age with a CMS2728 submitted between 1 March 2006 and 31 March 2015 at a single academic military medical center (ESRD Network 5) were included. Medical records of those with a Code 250.40 diagnosis were reviewed to determine whether they met the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) 2007 criteria for DN. Results: ESRD incidence secondary to Type 2 DN was 18.7% (56/299 individual CMS2728 submissions over 9.09 years). In all, 12/56 (21.4%) did not meet KDOQI criteria for Type 2 DN. Although all had diabetes, those not meeting criteria had shorter disease duration (P = 0.007), were more likely to have active urine sediment (P = 0.006), and were less likely to have macroalbuminuria (P = 0.037) or retinopathy (P = 0.002) prior to ESRD. On exact logistic regression, retinopathy was significantly associated with KDOQI -predicted DN [odds ratio = 19.16 (confidence interval 2.76-223.7), P = 0.0009]. Conclusions: In this single- center cohort, 21.4% identified as having Type 2 DN as the primary cause of ESRD were incorrectly assigned per KDOQI 2007 clinical criteria. If replicated in larger populations, this could have substantial implications regarding the epidemiology of ESRD in the USA.
28396744	0	20	Diabetic nephropathy	T047	C0011881
28396744	28	33	cause	T169	C1314792
28396744	37	61	end-stage kidney disease	T047	C0022661
28396744	78	99	medical evidence form	T170	C3261387
28396744	100	107	CMS2728	T170	C3261387
28396744	120	126	center	T073,T093	C0475309
28396744	139	162	End-stage renal disease	T047	C0022661
28396744	164	168	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28396744	170	179	incidence	T081	C0021149
28396744	187	193	Type 2	T185	C0441730
28396744	194	214	diabetic nephropathy	T047	C0011881
28396744	216	218	DN	T047	C0011881
28396744	248	279	United States Renal Data System	T073,T170	C1622900
28396744	300	306	center	T073,T093	C0475309
28396744	308	334	retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
28396744	348	357	incidence	T081	C0021149
28396744	362	381	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28396744	386	392	Type 2	T185	C0441730
28396744	393	395	DN	T047	C0011881
28396744	403	410	primary	T080	C0205225
28396744	411	416	cause	T169	C1314792
28396744	420	424	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28396744	446	476	Center for Medicare & Medicaid	T093	C0041718
28396744	478	481	CMS	T093	C0041718
28396744	483	511	Medical Evidence Report form	T170	C3261387
28396744	513	520	CMS2728	T170	C3261387
28396744	522	531	submitted	T169	C1515023
28396744	535	560	renal replacement therapy	T061	C0206074
28396744	577	585	patients	T101	C0030705
28396744	590	595	years	T079	C0439234
28396744	599	602	age	T032	C0001779
28396744	610	617	CMS2728	T170	C3261387
28396744	618	627	submitted	T169	C1515023
28396744	679	711	academic military medical center	T073,T093	C1552471
28396744	713	717	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28396744	744	759	Medical records	T170	C0025102
28396744	788	797	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28396744	803	811	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28396744	846	888	Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative	T093	C1708333
28396744	890	895	KDOQI	T093	C1708333
28396744	902	910	criteria	T170	C0679228
28396744	915	917	DN	T047	C0011881
28396744	928	932	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28396744	933	942	incidence	T081	C0021149
28396744	956	962	Type 2	T185	C0441730
28396744	963	965	DN	T047	C0011881
28396744	984	994	individual	T098	C0027361
28396744	995	1002	CMS2728	T170	C3261387
28396744	1003	1014	submissions	T169	C1515022
28396744	1068	1082	KDOQI criteria	T170	C0679228
28396744	1087	1093	Type 2	T185	C0441730
28396744	1094	1096	DN	T047	C0011881
28396744	1115	1123	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28396744	1131	1151	not meeting criteria	T077	C3828770
28396744	1164	1180	disease duration	T079	C0872031
28396744	1219	1225	active	T169	C0205177
28396744	1226	1240	urine sediment	T031	C1261248
28396744	1283	1299	macroalbuminuria	T033	C1654921
28396744	1315	1326	retinopathy	T047	C0035309
28396744	1348	1352	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28396744	1363	1382	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28396744	1384	1395	retinopathy	T047	C0035309
28396744	1414	1429	associated with	T080	C0332281
28396744	1430	1435	KDOQI	T093	C1708333
28396744	1447	1449	DN	T047	C0011881
28396744	1451	1461	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28396744	1471	1490	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28396744	1517	1528	Conclusions	T078	C1707478
28396744	1546	1552	center	T073,T093	C0475309
28396744	1553	1559	cohort	T062	C2985505
28396744	1567	1577	identified	T080	C0205396
28396744	1588	1594	Type 2	T185	C0441730
28396744	1595	1597	DN	T047	C0011881
28396744	1605	1612	primary	T080	C0205225
28396744	1613	1618	cause	T169	C1314792
28396744	1622	1626	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28396744	1644	1652	assigned	T169	C1516050
28396744	1657	1662	KDOQI	T093	C1708333
28396744	1668	1676	clinical	T080	C0205210
28396744	1677	1685	criteria	T170	C0679228
28396744	1690	1700	replicated	T169	C0205173
28396744	1704	1710	larger	T081	C0549177
28396744	1711	1722	populations	T098	C1257890
28396744	1779	1791	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28396744	1795	1799	ESRD	T047	C0022661
28396744	1807	1810	USA	T083	C0041703

28397323|t|Anatomical subgroup analysis of the MERIDIAN cohort: Posterior fossa abnormalities
28397323|a|To assess the diagnostic and clinical contribution of in utero magnetic resonance (iuMR) imaging in fetuses diagnosed with abnormalities of the posterior fossa as the only intracranial abnormality recognised on antenatal ultrasonography (USS). We report a sub-group analysis of fetuses with abnormalities of the posterior fossa diagnosed on antenatal USS (with or without ventriculomegaly) from the MERIDIAN cohort who had iuMR imaging within 2 weeks of USS and outcome reference data were available. The diagnostic accuracy of USS and iuMR are reported as well as indicators of diagnostic confidence and effects on prognosis and clinical management. Abnormalities confined to the posterior fossa according to USS were found in 81 fetuses (67 with parenchymal and 14 with CSF -containing lesions). The overall diagnostic accuracy for detecting an isolated posterior fossa abnormality was 65% for USS and 88% for iuMR (difference = 22%, 95% CI: 14.0 to 30.5%, p < 0.0001). There was an improvement in ' appropriate ' diagnostic confidence as assessed by a score - based weighted average ' method (p < 0.0001) and a three-fold reduction in 'high confidence but incorrect diagnoses ' was achieved by using iuMR imaging. The prognostic information given to the women after iuMR imaging changed in 44% of cases and the overall effect of iuMR on clinical management was considered to be ' significant ', ' major ' or ' decisive ' in 35% of cases. Our data suggests that any woman whose fetus has a posterior fossa abnormality as the only intracranial finding on USS should have iuMR imaging for further evaluation. This is on the basis of improved diagnostic accuracy and confidence which has substantial effects on the prognostic information given to women and changes in clinical management.
28397323	0	10	Anatomical	T080	C0220784
28397323	11	19	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28397323	20	28	analysis	T062	C0936012
28397323	36	44	MERIDIAN	UnknownType	C0681784
28397323	45	51	cohort	T098	C0599755
28397323	53	82	Posterior fossa abnormalities	T033	C3280768
28397323	86	92	assess	T058	C0184514
28397323	97	107	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28397323	112	120	clinical	T080	C0205210
28397323	121	133	contribution	T052	C1880177
28397323	137	179	in utero magnetic resonance (iuMR) imaging	T060	C0024485
28397323	183	190	fetuses	T018	C0015965
28397323	191	200	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28397323	206	242	abnormalities of the posterior fossa	T033	C3280768
28397323	255	279	intracranial abnormality	T033	C3809358
28397323	294	319	antenatal ultrasonography	T060	C0080265
28397323	321	324	USS	T060	C0080265
28397323	330	336	report	T170	C0684224
28397323	339	348	sub-group	T185	C1515021
28397323	349	357	analysis	T062	C0936012
28397323	361	368	fetuses	T018	C0015965
28397323	374	410	abnormalities of the posterior fossa	T033	C3280768
28397323	411	420	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28397323	424	437	antenatal USS	T060	C0080265
28397323	455	471	ventriculomegaly	UnknownType	C0743968
28397323	482	490	MERIDIAN	UnknownType	C0681784
28397323	491	497	cohort	T098	C0599755
28397323	506	518	iuMR imaging	T060	C0024485
28397323	537	540	USS	T060	C0080265
28397323	545	552	outcome	T080	C0085415
28397323	553	567	reference data	T078	C1554143
28397323	573	582	available	T169	C0470187
28397323	588	607	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28397323	611	614	USS	T060	C0080265
28397323	619	623	iuMR	T060	C0024485
28397323	628	636	reported	T170	C0684224
28397323	648	658	indicators	T130	C0021212
28397323	662	683	diagnostic confidence	T080	C0598285
28397323	688	695	effects	T080	C1280500
28397323	699	708	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28397323	713	732	clinical management	T058	C1516615
28397323	734	779	Abnormalities confined to the posterior fossa	T033	C3280768
28397323	793	796	USS	T060	C0080265
28397323	814	821	fetuses	T018	C0015965
28397323	831	842	parenchymal	T025	C0682552
28397323	855	858	CSF	T031	C0007806
28397323	871	878	lesions	T033	C0221198
28397323	893	912	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28397323	917	926	detecting	T033	C0442726
28397323	930	938	isolated	T169	C0205409
28397323	939	966	posterior fossa abnormality	T033	C3280768
28397323	979	982	USS	T060	C0080265
28397323	995	999	iuMR	T060	C0024485
28397323	1001	1011	difference	T081	C1705241
28397323	1068	1079	improvement	T077	C2986411
28397323	1085	1096	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28397323	1099	1120	diagnostic confidence	T080	C0598285
28397323	1124	1132	assessed	T058	C0184514
28397323	1138	1143	score	T081	C0449820
28397323	1146	1151	based	T169	C1527178
28397323	1152	1160	weighted	T081	C0043100
28397323	1161	1168	average	T081	C1510992
28397323	1171	1177	method	T170	C0025663
28397323	1208	1217	reduction	T061	C0441610
28397323	1221	1226	'high	T080	C0205250
28397323	1242	1251	incorrect	T080	C3827420
28397323	1252	1261	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28397323	1286	1298	iuMR imaging	T060	C0024485
28397323	1304	1326	prognostic information	T058	C0033325
28397323	1340	1345	women	T098	C0043210
28397323	1352	1364	iuMR imaging	T060	C0024485
28397323	1383	1388	cases	T077	C1706256
28397323	1397	1404	overall	T080	C1561607
28397323	1405	1411	effect	T080	C1280500
28397323	1415	1419	iuMR	T060	C0024485
28397323	1423	1442	clinical management	T058	C1516615
28397323	1466	1477	significant	T078	C0750502
28397323	1483	1488	major	T080	C0205164
28397323	1496	1504	decisive	T033	C0564585
28397323	1517	1522	cases	T077	C1706256
28397323	1528	1532	data	T078	C1511726
28397323	1551	1556	woman	T098	C0043210
28397323	1563	1568	fetus	T018	C0015965
28397323	1575	1602	posterior fossa abnormality	T033	C3280768
28397323	1615	1635	intracranial finding	T033	C3809358
28397323	1639	1642	USS	T060	C0080265
28397323	1655	1667	iuMR imaging	T060	C0024485
28397323	1680	1690	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28397323	1707	1712	basis	T169	C1527178
28397323	1716	1724	improved	T033	C0184511
28397323	1725	1744	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28397323	1749	1759	confidence	T080	C0598285
28397323	1770	1781	substantial	T080	C0205082
28397323	1782	1789	effects	T080	C1280500
28397323	1797	1819	prognostic information	T058	C0033325
28397323	1829	1834	women	T098	C0043210
28397323	1850	1869	clinical management	T058	C1516615

28397533|t|Socioeconomic Predictors of Adherence Behavior Among HIV-Positive Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Selangor, Malaysia
28397533|a|Medication adherence remains a critical link between the prescribed ART regimen and treatment outcome. Several factors may influence adherence behavior. This cross-sectional study aimed to highlight socioeconomic predictors of adherence behavior among a cohort of 242 adult Malaysian patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Hospital Sungai Buloh, Malaysia, where they were enrolled in a parent study (single-blinded randomized controlled trial) between January and December 2014. Statistical analysis of secondary data on adherence behavior and sociodemographic characteristics of the patients revealed mean age of 33.4 years and ranged from 18 to 64 years; 88.8% were males. A total of 224 (93%) patients who completed 6 months' adherence assessment were included in the model. Of these, 135 (60.3%) achieved optimal adherence. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that patient's income and ethnicity were significant predictors of adherence behavior. This may be valuable for targeted programmatic interventions to further enhance successful treatment outcomes among the target population.
28397533	0	13	Socioeconomic	T077	C0748878
28397533	14	24	Predictors	T078	C2698872
28397533	28	46	Adherence Behavior	T033	C0516638
28397533	53	65	HIV-Positive	T034	C0019699
28397533	66	74	Patients	T101	C0030705
28397533	75	84	Receiving	T080	C1514756
28397533	85	107	Antiretroviral Therapy	T061	C1963724
28397533	111	119	Selangor	T083	C0017446
28397533	121	129	Malaysia	T083	C0024552
28397533	130	150	Medication adherence	T033	C2364172
28397533	161	169	critical	T080	C1511545
28397533	187	197	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28397533	198	201	ART	T061	C1963724
28397533	202	209	regimen	T061	C0040808
28397533	214	231	treatment outcome	T080	C0085415
28397533	233	240	Several	T081	C0443302
28397533	241	248	factors	T169	C1521761
28397533	253	262	influence	T077	C4054723
28397533	263	281	adherence behavior	T033	C0516638
28397533	288	309	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28397533	310	315	aimed	T078	C1947946
28397533	329	342	socioeconomic	T077	C0748878
28397533	343	353	predictors	T078	C2698872
28397533	357	375	adherence behavior	T033	C0516638
28397533	384	390	cohort	T098	C0599755
28397533	398	403	adult	T100	C0001675
28397533	404	413	Malaysian	T098	C0240293
28397533	414	422	patients	T101	C0030705
28397533	423	432	receiving	T080	C1514756
28397533	433	455	antiretroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
28397533	459	480	Hospital Sungai Buloh	T073,T093	C0019994
28397533	482	490	Malaysia	T083	C0024552
28397533	536	550	single-blinded	T062	C0242570
28397533	551	578	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28397533	588	595	January	T080	C3829466
28397533	600	608	December	T080	C3830550
28397533	615	635	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28397533	639	653	secondary data	UnknownType	C0683944
28397533	657	675	adherence behavior	T033	C0516638
28397533	680	712	sociodemographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28397533	720	728	patients	T101	C0030705
28397533	729	737	revealed	T080	C0443289
28397533	738	746	mean age	T033	C0243095
28397533	755	760	years	T079	C0439234
28397533	765	771	ranged	T081	C1514721
28397533	786	791	years	T079	C0439234
28397533	804	809	males	T032	C0086582
28397533	832	840	patients	T101	C0030705
28397533	865	885	adherence assessment	T058	C1254363
28397533	891	899	included	T169	C0332257
28397533	936	944	achieved	T033	C0432600
28397533	945	952	optimal	T080	C2698651
28397533	953	962	adherence	T169	C1510802
28397533	964	1012	Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28397533	1013	1021	revealed	T080	C0443289
28397533	1027	1036	patient's	T101	C0030705
28397533	1037	1043	income	T081	C0021162
28397533	1048	1057	ethnicity	T080	C0243103
28397533	1063	1074	significant	T078	C0750502
28397533	1075	1085	predictors	T078	C2698872
28397533	1089	1107	adherence behavior	T033	C0516638
28397533	1134	1142	targeted	T169	C1521840
28397533	1143	1169	programmatic interventions	T061	C0184661
28397533	1181	1188	enhance	T052	C2349975
28397533	1189	1209	successful treatment	T201	C0521982
28397533	1210	1218	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28397533	1229	1246	target population	T098	C0039309

28397991|t|Willing to Think Hard? The Subjective Value of Cognitive Effort in Children
28397991|a|Cognitive effort is costly and this cost likely influences the activities in which children engage. Yet, little is known about how school-age children perceive cognitive effort. The subjective value of cognitive effort, that is, how valuable or costly effort is perceived, was investigated in seventy-three 7- to 12- year-olds using an effort discounting paradigm. In two studies, it varied with task difficulty but not age, was predicted by actual effort engagement but not actual success and related to trait interest in effort ful activities and proactive control engagement. Children are sensitive to cognitive effort and use it to guide behaviors, suggesting that poor performance may often reflect reluctance to engage cognitive effort rather than low ability.
28397991	0	7	Willing	T033	C0600109
28397991	11	21	Think Hard	T041	C0039869
28397991	27	43	Subjective Value	T080	C0439655
28397991	47	56	Cognitive	T041	C0009240
28397991	57	63	Effort	T040	C0015264
28397991	67	75	Children	T100	C0008059
28397991	76	85	Cognitive	T041	C0009240
28397991	86	92	effort	T040	C0015264
28397991	96	102	costly	T081	C0392762
28397991	112	116	cost	T081	C0392762
28397991	124	134	influences	UnknownType	C0814606
28397991	139	149	activities	T052	C0441655
28397991	159	174	children engage	T052	C0441655
28397991	191	196	known	T080	C0205309
28397991	207	226	school-age children	T100	C0260267
28397991	236	245	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28397991	246	252	effort	T040	C0015264
28397991	258	274	subjective value	T080	C0439655
28397991	278	287	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28397991	288	294	effort	T040	C0015264
28397991	309	317	valuable	T081	C0392762
28397991	321	327	costly	T081	C0392762
28397991	328	334	effort	T040	C0015264
28397991	393	402	year-olds	T100	C0027362
28397991	412	418	effort	T040	C0015264
28397991	419	439	discounting paradigm	T062	C0681797
28397991	448	455	studies	T062	C2603343
28397991	472	487	task difficulty	T169	C0871477
28397991	492	499	not age	T079	C0001783
28397991	505	514	predicted	T078	C0681842
28397991	518	542	actual effort engagement	T052	C0441655
28397991	525	531	effort	T040	C0015264
28397991	558	565	success	T054	C0597535
28397991	581	586	trait	T033	C0233849
28397991	587	595	interest	T041	C0543488
28397991	599	605	effort	T040	C0015264
28397991	599	620	effort ful activities	T052	C0441655
28397991	625	653	proactive control engagement	T169	C2587213
28397991	655	663	Children	T100	C0008059
28397991	668	677	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28397991	681	690	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28397991	691	697	effort	T040	C0015264
28397991	718	727	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28397991	745	761	poor performance	T033	C1831741
28397991	772	779	reflect	T041	C0558058
28397991	780	790	reluctance	T041	C2347948
28397991	794	800	engage	T052	C0441655
28397991	801	810	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28397991	811	817	effort	T040	C0015264
28397991	830	841	low ability	T033	C4061408

28398095|t|Influence of drug load on dissolution behavior of tablets containing a poorly water - soluble drug: estimation of the percolation threshold
28398095|a|Drug load plays an important role in the development of solid dosage forms, since it can significantly influence both processability and final product properties. The percolation threshold of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) corresponds to a critical concentration, above which an abrupt change in drug product characteristics can occur. The objective of this study was to identify the percolation threshold of a poorly water - soluble drug with regard to the dissolution behavior from immediate release tablets. The influence of the API particle size on the percolation threshold was also studied. Formulations with increasing drug loads were manufactured via roll compaction using constant process parameters and subsequent tableting. Drug dissolution was investigated in biorelevant medium. The percolation threshold was estimated via a model dependent and a model independent method based on the dissolution data. The intragranular concentration of mefenamic acid had a significant effect on granules and tablet characteristics, such as particle size distribution, compactibility and tablet disintegration. Increasing the intragranular drug concentration of the tablets resulted in lower dissolution rates. A percolation threshold of approximately 20% v/v could be determined for both particle sizes of the API above which an abrupt decrease of the dissolution rate occurred. However, the increasing drug load had a more pronounced effect on dissolution rate of tablets containing the micronized API, which can be attributed to the high agglomeration tendency of micronized substances during manufacturing steps, such as roll compaction and tableting. Both methods that were applied for the estimation of percolation threshold provided comparable values.
28398095	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
28398095	13	17	drug	T121	C1254351
28398095	18	22	load	T081	C0392762
28398095	26	46	dissolution behavior	T070	C3850077
28398095	50	57	tablets	T122	C0039225
28398095	71	77	poorly	T080	C0542537
28398095	78	83	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28398095	86	93	soluble	T080	C1948047
28398095	94	98	drug	T121	C1254351
28398095	100	110	estimation	T081	C0750572
28398095	118	129	percolation	T067	C1254366
28398095	130	139	threshold	T080	C0449864
28398095	140	144	Drug	T121	C1254351
28398095	145	149	load	T081	C0392762
28398095	159	168	important	T080	C3898777
28398095	181	192	development	T169	C1527148
28398095	196	214	solid dosage forms	T122	C1378566
28398095	243	252	influence	T077	C4054723
28398095	258	272	processability	T052	C1709694
28398095	277	282	final	T079	C3853528
28398095	283	290	product	T071	C1514468
28398095	291	301	properties	T080	C0871161
28398095	307	318	percolation	T067	C1254366
28398095	319	328	threshold	T080	C0449864
28398095	336	368	active pharmaceutical ingredient	T120	C1372955
28398095	370	373	API	T120	C1372955
28398095	392	414	critical concentration	T081	C2348011
28398095	431	444	abrupt change	T080	C1276802
28398095	448	452	drug	T121	C1254351
28398095	453	460	product	T071	C1514468
28398095	461	476	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28398095	492	501	objective	T170	C0018017
28398095	510	515	study	T062	C2603343
28398095	536	547	percolation	T067	C1254366
28398095	548	557	threshold	T080	C0449864
28398095	563	569	poorly	T080	C0542537
28398095	570	575	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28398095	578	585	soluble	T080	C1948047
28398095	586	590	drug	T121	C1254351
28398095	610	630	dissolution behavior	T070	C3850077
28398095	636	645	immediate	T079	C0205253
28398095	646	653	release	T169	C0391871
28398095	654	661	tablets	T122	C0039225
28398095	667	676	influence	T077	C4054723
28398095	684	687	API	T120	C1372955
28398095	688	701	particle size	T081	C0030608
28398095	709	720	percolation	T067	C1254366
28398095	721	730	threshold	T080	C0449864
28398095	749	761	Formulations	T062	C0524527
28398095	767	777	increasing	T169	C0442808
28398095	778	782	drug	T121	C1254351
28398095	783	788	loads	T081	C0392762
28398095	794	806	manufactured	T057	C0870840
28398095	811	826	roll compaction	T059	C3830384
28398095	833	841	constant	T080	C1948059
28398095	842	849	process	T067	C1522240
28398095	850	860	parameters	T077	C0549193
28398095	865	875	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28398095	876	885	tableting	T122	C0039225
28398095	887	903	Drug dissolution	T070	C3850077
28398095	908	920	investigated	T169	C1292732
28398095	924	942	biorelevant medium	T167	C1705217
28398095	948	959	percolation	T067	C1254366
28398095	960	969	threshold	T080	C0449864
28398095	990	995	model	T075	C0026336
28398095	996	1005	dependent	T080	C0851827
28398095	1012	1017	model	T075	C0026336
28398095	1018	1029	independent	T078	C0085862
28398095	1030	1036	method	T059	C0871511
28398095	1050	1061	dissolution	T070	C3850077
28398095	1062	1066	data	T078	C1511726
28398095	1086	1099	concentration	T081	C0678756
28398095	1103	1117	mefenamic acid	T109,T121	C0025152
28398095	1124	1135	significant	T078	C0750502
28398095	1136	1142	effect	T080	C1280500
28398095	1146	1154	granules	T122	C3853573
28398095	1159	1165	tablet	T122	C0039225
28398095	1166	1181	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28398095	1191	1204	particle size	T081	C0030608
28398095	1205	1217	distribution	T169	C1704711
28398095	1219	1233	compactibility	T080	C0205556
28398095	1238	1259	tablet disintegration	T122	C0991504
28398095	1261	1271	Increasing	T169	C0442808
28398095	1290	1308	drug concentration	T081	C0678756
28398095	1316	1323	tablets	T122	C0039225
28398095	1324	1332	resulted	T169	C1274040
28398095	1342	1353	dissolution	T070	C3850077
28398095	1354	1359	rates	T081	C1521828
28398095	1363	1374	percolation	T067	C1254366
28398095	1375	1384	threshold	T080	C0449864
28398095	1388	1401	approximately	T080	C0332232
28398095	1439	1453	particle sizes	T081	C0030608
28398095	1461	1464	API	T120	C1372955
28398095	1480	1486	abrupt	T080	C1276802
28398095	1487	1495	decrease	T081	C0547047
28398095	1503	1514	dissolution	T070	C3850077
28398095	1515	1519	rate	T081	C1521828
28398095	1520	1528	occurred	T052	C1709305
28398095	1543	1553	increasing	T169	C0442808
28398095	1554	1558	drug	T121	C1254351
28398095	1559	1563	load	T081	C0392762
28398095	1586	1592	effect	T080	C1280500
28398095	1596	1607	dissolution	T070	C3850077
28398095	1608	1612	rate	T081	C1521828
28398095	1616	1623	tablets	T122	C0039225
28398095	1639	1649	micronized	T059	C3829074
28398095	1650	1653	API	T120	C1372955
28398095	1686	1690	high	T080	C0205250
28398095	1691	1704	agglomeration	T080	C0205387
28398095	1717	1727	micronized	T059	C3829074
28398095	1728	1738	substances	T167	C0439861
28398095	1746	1765	manufacturing steps	T077	C1261552
28398095	1775	1790	roll compaction	T059	C3830384
28398095	1795	1804	tableting	T122	C0039225
28398095	1811	1818	methods	T059	C0871511
28398095	1845	1855	estimation	T081	C0750572
28398095	1859	1870	percolation	T067	C1254366
28398095	1871	1880	threshold	T080	C0449864
28398095	1890	1900	comparable	T052	C1707455
28398095	1901	1907	values	T081	C1522609

28399037|t|Ocular Argyrosis Mimicking Conjunctival Melanoma
28399037|a|To present a novel case of ocular argyrosis mimicking conjunctival melanoma. A 48-year-old man who is a jewelry manufacturer presented with raised pigmented lesions in the inferior fornices of both eyes. Brown - black colored, follicle-like, masses were observed in both fornices. An incisional biopsy confirmed the presence of silver and the diagnosis of ocular argyrosis. Despite its limited negative health effects, ocular argyrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of conjunctival pigmented lesions because of the potential for misidentification of neoplastic growth.
28399037	0	16	Ocular Argyrosis	T047	C0271295
28399037	27	48	Conjunctival Melanoma	T191	C0346360
28399037	68	72	case	T077	C1706256
28399037	76	92	ocular argyrosis	T047	C0271295
28399037	103	124	conjunctival melanoma	T191	C0346360
28399037	140	143	man	T098	C0025266
28399037	153	160	jewelry	T073	C0336902
28399037	161	173	manufacturer	T170	C0947322
28399037	189	195	raised	T080	C0442818
28399037	196	205	pigmented	T080	C0333610
28399037	206	213	lesions	T033	C0221198
28399037	221	229	inferior	T082	C0542339
28399037	230	238	fornices	T023	C0456207
28399037	247	251	eyes	T023	C0015392
28399037	253	258	Brown	T080	C0678579
28399037	261	274	black colored	T080	C0439541
28399037	276	289	follicle-like	T023	C1571705
28399037	291	297	masses	T033	C0577559
28399037	303	311	observed	T169	C1441672
28399037	320	328	fornices	T023	C0456207
28399037	333	350	incisional biopsy	T060	C0184922
28399037	365	373	presence	T033	C0150312
28399037	377	383	silver	T196	C0037125
28399037	392	401	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28399037	405	421	ocular argyrosis	T047	C0271295
28399037	443	451	negative	T033	C0205160
28399037	452	458	health	T078	C0018684
28399037	459	466	effects	T080	C1280500
28399037	468	484	ocular argyrosis	T047	C0271295
28399037	513	525	differential	T080	C0443199
28399037	526	535	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28399037	539	551	conjunctival	T023	C0009758
28399037	552	561	pigmented	T080	C0333610
28399037	562	569	lesions	T033	C0221198
28399037	585	594	potential	T080	C3245505
28399037	599	616	misidentification	T033	C0243095
28399037	620	637	neoplastic growth	T033	C1334939

28399372|t|A Tobramycin Vector Enhances Synergy and Efficacy of Efflux Pump Inhibitors against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
28399372|a|Drug efflux mechanisms interact synergistically with the outer membrane permeability barrier of Gram-negative bacteria, leading to intrinsic resistance that presents a major challenge for antibiotic drug development. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) which block the efflux of antibiotics synergize antibiotics, but the clinical development of EPI / antibiotic combination therapy to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections has been challenging. This is in part caused by the inefficiency of current EPIs to penetrate the outer membrane and resist efflux. We demonstrate that conjugation of a tobramycin (TOB) vector to EPIs like NMP, paroxetine, or DBP enhances synergy and efficacy of EPIs in combination with tetracycline antibiotics against MDR Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Besides potentiating tetracycline antibiotics, TOB - EPI conjugates can also suppress resistance development to the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline, thereby providing a strategy to develop more effective adjuvants to rescue tetracycline antibiotics from resistance in MDR Gram-negative bacteria.
28399372	2	19	Tobramycin Vector	T109,T195	C0040341
28399372	20	28	Enhances	T052	C2349975
28399372	29	36	Synergy	T034	C1318081
28399372	41	49	Efficacy	T080	C0598333
28399372	53	75	Efflux Pump Inhibitors	T121	C1254351
28399372	76	83	against	T080	C0521124
28399372	84	103	Multidrug-Resistant	T032	C0242640
28399372	104	126	Gram-Negative Bacteria	T007	C0018150
28399372	127	138	Drug efflux	T044	C1512072
28399372	139	149	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28399372	150	158	interact	T044	C0687133
28399372	159	174	synergistically	T080	C2986495
28399372	184	198	outer membrane	T026	C1167331
28399372	199	211	permeability	T043	C0007605
28399372	212	219	barrier	T046	C0028778
28399372	223	245	Gram-negative bacteria	T007	C0018150
28399372	247	254	leading	T169	C1522538
28399372	258	267	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28399372	268	278	resistance	T169	C4281815
28399372	295	300	major	T080	C0205164
28399372	301	310	challenge	T058	C0805586
28399372	315	325	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28399372	326	342	drug development	T062	C1512068
28399372	344	366	Efflux pump inhibitors	T121	C1254351
28399372	368	372	EPIs	T121	C1254351
28399372	380	385	block	T169	C0332206
28399372	390	396	efflux	T044	C1512072
28399372	400	411	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28399372	412	421	synergize	T080	C0205195
28399372	422	433	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28399372	443	463	clinical development	T062	C1512068
28399372	467	470	EPI	T121	C1254351
28399372	473	483	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28399372	484	503	combination therapy	T061	C0013218
28399372	507	512	treat	T061	C0087111
28399372	513	532	multidrug-resistant	T032	C0242640
28399372	534	537	MDR	T032	C0242640
28399372	539	563	Gram-negative infections	T047	C0085423
28399372	573	584	challenging	T058	C0805586
28399372	602	608	caused	T169	C0015127
28399372	616	628	inefficiency	T033	C0231184
28399372	632	639	current	T079	C0521116
28399372	640	644	EPIs	T121	C1254351
28399372	648	657	penetrate	T169	C0205321
28399372	662	676	outer membrane	T026	C1167331
28399372	681	687	resist	T169	C4281815
28399372	688	694	efflux	T044	C1512072
28399372	716	727	conjugation	T043	C1160466
28399372	733	743	tobramycin	T109,T195	C0040341
28399372	745	748	TOB	T109,T195	C0040341
28399372	760	764	EPIs	T121	C1254351
28399372	770	773	NMP	T109,T121	C0044097
28399372	775	785	paroxetine	T109,T121	C0070122
28399372	790	793	DBP	T201	C0428883
28399372	794	802	enhances	T052	C2349975
28399372	803	810	synergy	T034	C1318081
28399372	815	823	efficacy	T080	C0598333
28399372	827	831	EPIs	T121	C1254351
28399372	835	846	combination	T080	C0205195
28399372	852	876	tetracycline antibiotics	T109,T195	C1744619
28399372	885	888	MDR	T032	C0242640
28399372	889	911	Gram-negative bacteria	T007	C0018150
28399372	922	944	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
28399372	954	966	potentiating	T044	C2242637
28399372	967	991	tetracycline antibiotics	T109,T195	C1744619
28399372	993	996	TOB	T109,T195	C0040341
28399372	999	1002	EPI	T121	C1254351
28399372	1003	1013	conjugates	T104	C0596313
28399372	1023	1031	suppress	T169	C1260953
28399372	1032	1042	resistance	T169	C4281815
28399372	1043	1054	development	T169	C1527148
28399372	1062	1085	tetracycline antibiotic	T109,T195	C1744619
28399372	1086	1097	minocycline	T109,T195	C0026187
28399372	1107	1116	providing	T052	C1999230
28399372	1119	1127	strategy	T041	C0679199
28399372	1131	1138	develop	T169	C1527148
28399372	1144	1153	effective	T080	C1704419
28399372	1154	1163	adjuvants	T120	C0001552
28399372	1174	1198	tetracycline antibiotics	T109,T195	C1744619
28399372	1204	1214	resistance	T169	C4281815
28399372	1218	1221	MDR	T032	C0242640
28399372	1222	1244	Gram-negative bacteria	T007	C0018150

28399452|t|Design, synthesis, and evaluation of curcumin derivatives as Nrf2 activators and cytoprotectors against oxidative death
28399452|a|Activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been proven to be an effective means to prevent the development of cancer, and natural curcumin stands out as a potent Nrf2 activator and cancer chemopreventive agent. In this study, we synthesized a series of curcumin analogs by introducing the geminal dimethyl substituents on the active methylene group to find more potent Nrf2 activators and cytoprotectors against oxidative death. The geminally dimethylated and catechol -type curcumin analog (compound 3) was identified as a promising lead molecule in terms of its increased stability and cytoprotective activity against the tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced death of HepG2 cells. Mechanism studies indicate that its cytoprotective effects are mediated by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway in the Michael acceptor - and catechol -dependent manners. Additionally, we verified by using copper and iron ion chelators that the two metal ion -mediated oxidations of compound 3 to its corresponding electrophilic o-quinone, contribute significantly to its Nrf2 -dependent cytoprotection. This work provides an example of successfully designing natural curcumin -directed Nrf2 activators by a stability -increasing and proelectrophilic strategy.
28399452	0	6	Design	T052	C1707689
28399452	8	17	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28399452	23	33	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28399452	37	45	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
28399452	46	57	derivatives	T104	C0243072
28399452	61	65	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28399452	66	76	activators	T045	C0599177
28399452	81	95	cytoprotectors	T039	C0524828
28399452	104	119	oxidative death	T043	C3893307
28399452	120	130	Activation	T045	C0599177
28399452	134	177	nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2	T116,T123	C0289507
28399452	179	183	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28399452	256	262	cancer	T191	C0006826
28399452	276	284	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
28399452	308	312	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28399452	313	322	activator	T045	C0599177
28399452	327	333	cancer	T191	C0006826
28399452	334	355	chemopreventive agent	T121	C1516463
28399452	365	370	study	T062	C2603343
28399452	399	407	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
28399452	408	415	analogs	T104	C0243071
28399452	435	494	geminal dimethyl substituents on the active methylene group	T104	C1254350
28399452	515	519	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28399452	520	530	activators	T045	C0599177
28399452	535	549	cytoprotectors	T039	C0524828
28399452	558	573	oxidative death	T043	C3893307
28399452	579	601	geminally dimethylated	T104	C1254350
28399452	606	614	catechol	T109,T121	C0054858
28399452	621	629	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
28399452	630	636	analog	T104	C0243071
28399452	638	648	compound 3	T121	C1254351
28399452	680	693	lead molecule	T121	C1254351
28399452	720	729	stability	T044	C0314668
28399452	734	748	cytoprotective	T039	C0524828
28399452	749	757	activity	T052	C0441655
28399452	770	794	tert-butyl hydroperoxide	T109,T130	C0076150
28399452	796	801	t-BHP	T109,T130	C0076150
28399452	811	816	death	T043	C0007587
28399452	820	831	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
28399452	833	842	Mechanism	T169	C0441712
28399452	843	850	studies	T062	C2603343
28399452	869	883	cytoprotective	T039	C0524828
28399452	884	891	effects	T080	C1280500
28399452	908	918	activating	T052	C1879547
28399452	923	927	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28399452	928	945	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28399452	953	969	Michael acceptor	T121	C1254351
28399452	976	984	catechol	T109,T121	C0054858
28399452	1040	1046	copper	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28399452	1051	1055	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28399452	1056	1059	ion	T196	C0022023
28399452	1060	1069	chelators	T121,T130	C0007974
28399452	1083	1088	metal	T197	C0025552
28399452	1089	1092	ion	T196	C0022023
28399452	1103	1113	oxidations	T044	C0030011
28399452	1117	1127	compound 3	T121	C1254351
28399452	1163	1172	o-quinone	T109	C0034435
28399452	1206	1210	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28399452	1222	1236	cytoprotection	T039	C0524828
28399452	1284	1293	designing	T052	C1707689
28399452	1294	1301	natural	T169	C0205296
28399452	1302	1310	curcumin	T109,T121,T130	C0010467
28399452	1321	1325	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28399452	1326	1336	activators	T045	C0599177
28399452	1342	1351	stability	T044	C0314668
28399452	1368	1384	proelectrophilic	T070	C1254365

28399722|t|Safety and function of a prototype microprocessor -controlled knee prosthesis for low active transfemoral amputees switching from a mechanic knee prosthesis: a pilot study
28399722|a|Aim of this pilot study was to assess safety and functioning of a microprocessor -controlled knee prosthesis (MPK) after a short familiarization time and no structured physical therapy. Five elderly, low-active transfemoral amputees who were fitted with a standard non-microprocessor controlled knee prosthesis (NMPK) performed a baseline measurement consisting of a 3 D gait analysis, functional tests and questionnaires. The first follow-up consisted of the same test procedure and was performed with the MPK after 4 to 6 weeks of familiarization. After being refitted to their standard NMPK again, the subjects undertook the second follow-up which consisted of solely questionnaires 4 weeks later. Questionnaires and functional tests showed an increase in the perception of safety. Moreover, gait analysis revealed more physiologic knee and hip extension/flexion patterns when using the MPK. Our results showed that although the Genium with Cenior-Leg ruleset-MPK (GCL-MPK) might help to improve several safety -related outcomes as well as gait biomechanics the functional potential of the GCL-MPK may have been limited without specific training and a sufficient acclimation period. Implications for Rehabilitation Elderly transfemoral amputees are often limited in their activity by safety issues as well as insufficient functioning regarding the non microprocessor -controlled knee prostheses (NMPK), thing that could be eliminated with the use of suitable microprocessor -controlled prostheses (MPK). The safety and functioning of a prototype MPK (GCL-MPK) specifically designed for the needs of older and low-active transfemoral amputees was assessed in this pilot study. The GCL-MPK showed indicators of increased safety and more natural walking patterns in older and low-active transfemoral amputees in comparison to the standard NMPK already after a short acclimatisation time and no structured physical therapy. Regarding functional performance it seems as if providing older and low-active transfemoral amputees with the GCL-MPK alone without prescribing structured prosthesis training might be insufficient to achieve improvements over the standard NMPKs.
28399722	0	6	Safety	T068	C0036043
28399722	11	19	function	T169	C0542341
28399722	25	34	prototype	T080	C0332307
28399722	35	49	microprocessor	T073	C0026012
28399722	62	77	knee prosthesis	T061	C0086511
28399722	82	92	low active	T033	C0243095
28399722	93	114	transfemoral amputees	T061	C0002691
28399722	132	140	mechanic	T070	C0376706
28399722	141	156	knee prosthesis	T061	C0086511
28399722	160	171	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28399722	184	195	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28399722	210	216	safety	T068	C0036043
28399722	221	232	functioning	T169	C0205245
28399722	238	252	microprocessor	T073	C0026012
28399722	265	280	knee prosthesis	T061	C0086511
28399722	282	285	MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	301	316	familiarization	T169	C0241888
28399722	317	321	time	T079	C0040223
28399722	326	328	no	T033	C1513916
28399722	329	339	structured	T082	C0678594
28399722	340	356	physical therapy	T061	C0949766
28399722	363	370	elderly	T098	C0001792
28399722	372	382	low-active	T033	C0243095
28399722	383	404	transfemoral amputees	T061	C0002691
28399722	428	436	standard	T080	C1442989
28399722	437	455	non-microprocessor	T073	C0026012
28399722	467	482	knee prosthesis	T061	C0086511
28399722	484	488	NMPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	502	510	baseline	T081	C1442488
28399722	511	522	measurement	T169	C0242485
28399722	539	556	3 D gait analysis	T060	C0558820
28399722	558	574	functional tests	T170	C3890579
28399722	579	593	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28399722	605	614	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28399722	637	651	test procedure	T060	C0430022
28399722	679	682	MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	705	720	familiarization	T169	C0241888
28399722	752	760	standard	T080	C1442989
28399722	761	765	NMPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	807	816	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28399722	843	857	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28399722	873	887	Questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28399722	892	908	functional tests	T170	C3890579
28399722	949	955	safety	T068	C0036043
28399722	967	980	gait analysis	T060	C0558820
28399722	995	1006	physiologic	T169	C0205463
28399722	1007	1011	knee	T023	C0022742
28399722	1016	1019	hip	T023	C0019552
28399722	1020	1037	extension/flexion	T082	C0444509
28399722	1062	1065	MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	1104	1138	Genium with Cenior-Leg ruleset-MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	1140	1147	GCL-MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	1179	1185	safety	T068	C0036043
28399722	1220	1232	biomechanics	T091	C0005537
28399722	1237	1247	functional	T169	C0205245
28399722	1265	1272	GCL-MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	1338	1349	acclimation	T040	C0000934
28399722	1350	1356	period	T079	C0439531
28399722	1375	1389	Rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
28399722	1390	1397	Elderly	T098	C0001792
28399722	1398	1419	transfemoral amputees	T061	C0002691
28399722	1459	1465	safety	T068	C0036043
28399722	1497	1508	functioning	T169	C0205245
28399722	1523	1541	non microprocessor	T073	C0026012
28399722	1554	1569	knee prostheses	T061	C0086511
28399722	1571	1575	NMPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	1634	1648	microprocessor	T073	C0026012
28399722	1661	1671	prostheses	T061	C0086511
28399722	1673	1676	MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	1683	1689	safety	T068	C0036043
28399722	1694	1705	functioning	T169	C0205245
28399722	1711	1720	prototype	T080	C0332307
28399722	1721	1724	MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	1726	1733	GCL-MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	1784	1794	low-active	T033	C0243095
28399722	1795	1816	transfemoral amputees	T061	C0002691
28399722	1838	1849	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28399722	1855	1862	GCL-MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	1894	1900	safety	T068	C0036043
28399722	1910	1934	natural walking patterns	T056	C0080331
28399722	1948	1958	low-active	T033	C0243095
28399722	1959	1980	transfemoral amputees	T061	C0002691
28399722	2002	2010	standard	T080	C1442989
28399722	2011	2015	NMPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	2038	2053	acclimatisation	T040	C0000934
28399722	2054	2058	time	T079	C0040223
28399722	2063	2065	no	T033	C1513916
28399722	2066	2076	structured	T082	C0678594
28399722	2077	2093	physical therapy	T061	C0949766
28399722	2105	2115	functional	T169	C0205245
28399722	2163	2173	low-active	T033	C0243095
28399722	2174	2195	transfemoral amputees	T061	C0002691
28399722	2205	2212	GCL-MPK	T061	C0086511
28399722	2250	2269	prosthesis training	T061	C0150317
28399722	2325	2333	standard	T080	C1442989
28399722	2334	2339	NMPKs	T061	C0086511

28399751|t|Safe with Self-Injury: A Practical Guide to Understanding, Responding and Harm-reduction Inckle Kay Safe with Self-Injury: A Practical Guide to Understanding, Responding and Harm-reduction 274pp £23.99 PCCS Books 9781910919163 1910919160 [Formula: see text
28399751|a|The author begins her book with a concise exploration of the stereotypes and truths of self-harm. In the following seven chapters, she sets out a grounded and often challenging view of how self-harm is understood from differing perspectives.
28399751	0	4	Safe	T068	C0036043
28399751	10	21	Self-Injury	T037	C0424366
28399751	25	40	Practical Guide	T170	C0681464
28399751	44	57	Understanding	T041	C0162340
28399751	59	69	Responding	T053	C0004927
28399751	74	88	Harm-reduction	T061	C0679771
28399751	89	99	Inckle Kay	T170	C0805191
28399751	100	104	Safe	T068	C0036043
28399751	110	121	Self-Injury	T037	C0424366
28399751	125	140	Practical Guide	T170	C0681464
28399751	144	157	Understanding	T041	C0162340
28399751	159	169	Responding	T053	C0004927
28399751	174	188	Harm-reduction	T061	C0679771
28399751	261	267	author	T097	C3812881
28399751	279	283	book	T170	C0006002
28399751	291	298	concise	T081	C1806781
28399751	299	310	exploration	T169	C1292732
28399751	318	329	stereotypes	T041	C0038272
28399751	334	340	truths	T080	C0205238
28399751	344	353	self-harm	T037	C0424366
28399751	378	386	chapters	T170	C0005990
28399751	403	411	grounded	T170	C1510611
28399751	422	438	challenging view	T082	C0449911
28399751	446	455	self-harm	T037	C0424366
28399751	459	469	understood	T041	C0162340
28399751	485	497	perspectives	T041	C0030971

28399813|t|The Netherlands Chlamydia cohort study (NECCST) protocol to assess the risk of late complications following Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women
28399813|a|Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) among young women, can result in serious sequelae. Although the course of infection is often asymptomatic, CT may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), leading to severe complications, such as prolonged time to pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, and tubal factor subfertility. The risk of and risk factors for complications following CT-infection have not been assessed in a long-term prospective cohort study, the preferred design to define infections and complications adequately. In the Netherlands Chlamydia Cohort Study (NECCST), a cohort of women of reproductive age with and without a history of CT-infection is followed over a minimum of ten years to investigate (CT -related) reproductive tract complications. This study is a follow-up of the Chlamydia Screening Implementation (CSI) study, executed between 2008 and 2011 in the Netherlands. For NECCST, female CSI participants who consented to be approached for follow-up studies (n = 14,685) are invited, and prospectively followed until 2022. Four data collection moments are foreseen every two consecutive years. Questionnaire data and blood samples for CT - Immunoglobulin G (IgG) measurement are obtained as well as host DNA to determine specific genetic biomarkers related to susceptibility and severity of infection. CT - history will be based on CSI test outcomes, self-reported infections and CT - IgG presence. Information on (time to) pregnancies and the potential long-term complications (i.e. PID, ectopic pregnancy and (tubal factor) subfertility), will be acquired by questionnaires. Reported subfertility will be verified in medical registers. Occurrence of these late complications and prolonged time to pregnancy, as a proxy for reduced fertility due to a previous CT-infection, or other risk factors, will be investigated using longitudinal statistical procedures. In the proposed study, the occurrence of late complications following CT-infection and its risk factors will be assessed. Ultimately, provided reliable risk factors and/or markers can be identified for such late complications. This will contribute to the development of a prognostic tool to estimate the risk of CT -related complications at an early time point, enabling targeted prevention and care towards women at risk for late complications. Dutch Trial Register NTR-5597. Retrospectively registered 14 February 2016.
28399813	4	38	Netherlands Chlamydia cohort study	T062	C0242481
28399813	40	46	NECCST	T062	C0242481
28399813	48	56	protocol	T170	C2348563
28399813	71	75	risk	T078	C0035647
28399813	84	97	complications	T046	C0009566
28399813	108	139	Chlamydia trachomatis infection	T047	C0518948
28399813	143	148	women	T098	C0043210
28399813	149	170	Chlamydia trachomatis	T007	C0008151
28399813	172	174	CT	T007	C0008151
28399813	193	233	bacterial sexually transmitted infection	T047	C0036917
28399813	235	238	STI	T047	C0036917
28399813	252	257	women	T098	C0043210
28399813	273	280	serious	T080	C0205404
28399813	281	289	sequelae	T046	C0243088
28399813	314	323	infection	T046	C3714514
28399813	333	345	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28399813	347	349	CT	T007	C0008151
28399813	354	359	cause	T169	C0015127
28399813	360	387	pelvic inflammatory disease	T047	C0242172
28399813	389	392	PID	T047	C0242172
28399813	406	412	severe	T080	C0205082
28399813	413	426	complications	T046	C0009566
28399813	436	450	prolonged time	T079	C0040223
28399813	454	463	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28399813	465	482	ectopic pregnancy	T046	C0032987
28399813	501	513	subfertility	T047	C0729353
28399813	519	523	risk	T078	C0035647
28399813	531	543	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28399813	548	561	complications	T046	C0009566
28399813	572	584	CT-infection	T047	C0518948
28399813	613	622	long-term	T079	C0443252
28399813	623	647	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
28399813	680	690	infections	T046	C3714514
28399813	695	708	complications	T046	C0009566
28399813	728	762	Netherlands Chlamydia Cohort Study	T062	C0242481
28399813	764	770	NECCST	T062	C0242481
28399813	775	781	cohort	T098	C0599755
28399813	785	790	women	T098	C0043210
28399813	794	810	reproductive age	T079	C0001578
28399813	830	837	history	T033	C0262926
28399813	841	853	CT-infection	T047	C0518948
28399813	910	912	CT	T007	C0008151
28399813	923	941	reproductive tract	T022	C0700038
28399813	942	955	complications	T046	C0009566
28399813	973	982	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28399813	990	1036	Chlamydia Screening Implementation (CSI) study	T059	C2711835
28399813	1076	1087	Netherlands	T083	C0027778
28399813	1093	1099	NECCST	T062	C0242481
28399813	1101	1107	female	T032	C0086287
28399813	1108	1111	CSI	T059	C2711835
28399813	1112	1124	participants	T098	C0679646
28399813	1160	1177	follow-up studies	T062	C0016441
28399813	1248	1263	data collection	T062	C0010995
28399813	1314	1327	Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28399813	1328	1332	data	T078	C1511726
28399813	1337	1350	blood samples	T031	C0178913
28399813	1355	1357	CT	T007	C0008151
28399813	1360	1394	Immunoglobulin G (IgG) measurement	T059	C0202087
28399813	1419	1427	host DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28399813	1450	1457	genetic	T169	C0314603
28399813	1458	1468	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28399813	1499	1520	severity of infection	T033	C0517627
28399813	1522	1524	CT	T007	C0008151
28399813	1527	1534	history	T033	C0262926
28399813	1552	1560	CSI test	T059	C2711835
28399813	1571	1584	self-reported	T062	C0681906
28399813	1585	1595	infections	T046	C3714514
28399813	1600	1602	CT	T007	C0008151
28399813	1605	1608	IgG	T116,T121,T129	C0020852
28399813	1619	1630	Information	T078	C1533716
28399813	1635	1639	time	T079	C0040223
28399813	1644	1655	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
28399813	1674	1683	long-term	T079	C0443252
28399813	1684	1697	complications	T046	C0009566
28399813	1704	1707	PID	T047	C0242172
28399813	1709	1726	ectopic pregnancy	T046	C0032987
28399813	1746	1758	subfertility	T047	C0729353
28399813	1781	1795	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28399813	1797	1805	Reported	T058	C0700287
28399813	1806	1818	subfertility	T047	C0729353
28399813	1839	1856	medical registers	T170	C0034975
28399813	1883	1896	complications	T046	C0009566
28399813	1901	1915	prolonged time	T079	C0040223
28399813	1919	1928	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28399813	1945	1962	reduced fertility	T033	C1867795
28399813	1981	1993	CT-infection	T047	C0518948
28399813	2004	2016	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28399813	2045	2080	longitudinal statistical procedures	T062	C0920317
28399813	2128	2141	complications	T046	C0009566
28399813	2152	2164	CT-infection	T047	C0518948
28399813	2173	2185	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28399813	2234	2246	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28399813	2254	2261	markers	T201	C0005516
28399813	2269	2279	identified	T080	C0205396
28399813	2294	2307	complications	T046	C0009566
28399813	2354	2364	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28399813	2386	2390	risk	T078	C0035647
28399813	2394	2396	CT	T007	C0008151
28399813	2406	2419	complications	T046	C0009566
28399813	2432	2436	time	T079	C0040223
28399813	2477	2481	care	T052	C1947933
28399813	2490	2495	women	T098	C0043210
28399813	2499	2503	risk	T078	C0035647
28399813	2513	2526	complications	T046	C0009566

28399833|t|A comparison of DALYs for periodontal disease in China between 1990 and 2013: insights from the 2013 global burden of disease study
28399833|a|China has undergone a rapid demographic and epidemiological transition with fast ecomonic development since the 1980s. Oral health is becoming a major public health problem as the prevalence of non-communicable diseases has greatly increased. Periodontal disease (PD) and caries are among the most prevalent oral diseases. PD accounts for the majority of tooth loss and increases with age. China's third national epidemiological investigation on oral diseases (2005) revealed that periodontitis affected >50% of the adult population. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) have been used to estimate DALYs for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries for 1990-2013. The estimation of burden of PD between 1990 and 2013 will provide a unique perspective for planning interventions and developing public health policies for PD even chronic diseases in China. We used the GBD 2013 results for Years of Life Lost (YLLs) and Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) to calculate Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for PD in China. PD standardized DALYs rate (SDR) per 100,000 persons, the percentage of PD standardized DALYs rate (% PD SDR) in all diseases DALYs, and variance ratio of these two indexes between the years of 1990 and 2013 were compared by province, gender and age groups. Nationwide, compared to 1990, the SDR in 2013 increased slightly from 24.7 to 25.7, while the variance ratio of SDR for provinces in the middle, west and south of China showed a greater variation(4.8-6.2%). The % PD SDR in all disease DALYs increased from 0.06 to 0.11% for all groups. The four highest variance ratios % PD SDR in all diseases DALYs between 1990 and 2013 occurred in the west of China (97, 98.6, 108.4 and 112.8%). The PD SDR changed slightly in the women (20.3 to 21.7), meanwhile the variance ratio of PD SDR and % PD SDR in all diseases DALYs for the women (6.7 and 94.5%) was also higher than for men (2.1 and 60.6%). The highest variance ratio % PD SDR in all oral diseases DALYs occurred between 1990 and 2013 in ages 20 to 24 (50.7%) and 25 to 29 years (50.5%). The PD standardized DALYs rate and % PD SDR in all diseases DALYs in China in 2013 has increased from 1990. Especially, the variance ratio of % PD SDR in all disease DALYs among Young population and women, in the west provinces of China have been becoming the highest in all age groups and national wide. Future intervention measurements should include young women of child-bearing age because women's health impacts infant health. Periodontal disease has risk factors in common with a number of other non-communicable diseases (NCD) and conditions, and focusing on the common behavioral and environmental risk factors would be instrumental in the effective prevention of periodontal disease.
28399833	2	12	comparison	T052	C1707455
28399833	16	21	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	26	45	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28399833	49	54	China	T083	C0008115
28399833	101	131	global burden of disease study	T170	C4277729
28399833	132	137	China	T083	C0008115
28399833	160	171	demographic	T081	C0011297
28399833	176	202	epidemiological transition	T068	C0376627
28399833	213	233	ecomonic development	T081	C0013552
28399833	251	262	Oral health	T058	C0029162
28399833	283	289	public	T092	C0678367
28399833	290	304	health problem	T033	C1398682
28399833	312	322	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28399833	326	351	non-communicable diseases	T047	C0012634
28399833	375	394	Periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28399833	396	398	PD	T047	C0031090
28399833	404	410	caries	T047	C0011334
28399833	425	439	most prevalent	T081	C0220900
28399833	440	453	oral diseases	T047	C0026636
28399833	455	457	PD	T047	C0031090
28399833	487	497	tooth loss	T020	C0080233
28399833	502	511	increases	T169	C0442805
28399833	517	520	age	T032	C0001779
28399833	522	529	China's	T083	C0008115
28399833	536	574	national epidemiological investigation	T062	C0002783
28399833	578	591	oral diseases	T047	C0026636
28399833	613	626	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28399833	648	653	adult	T100	C0001675
28399833	654	664	population	T098	C1257890
28399833	670	700	Global Burden of Disease Study	T170	C4277729
28399833	707	710	GBD	T170	C4277729
28399833	744	749	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	758	763	acute	T047	C0001314
28399833	768	784	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28399833	789	797	injuries	T037	C0178314
28399833	805	814	countries	T083	C0454664
28399833	848	854	burden	T170	C4277729
28399833	858	860	PD	T047	C0031090
28399833	921	943	planning interventions	T061	C0841855
28399833	959	981	public health policies	T064,T170	C0680811
28399833	986	988	PD	T047	C0031090
28399833	994	1010	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28399833	1014	1019	China	T083	C0008115
28399833	1033	1036	GBD	T170	C4277729
28399833	1054	1072	Years of Life Lost	T081	C2713320
28399833	1074	1078	YLLs	T081	C2713320
28399833	1084	1111	Years Lived with Disability	T081	C0392762
28399833	1113	1117	YLDs	T081	C0392762
28399833	1132	1162	Disability Adjusted Life Years	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	1164	1169	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	1175	1177	PD	T047	C0031090
28399833	1181	1186	China	T083	C0008115
28399833	1188	1190	PD	T047	C0031090
28399833	1191	1214	standardized DALYs rate	T033	C0243095
28399833	1216	1219	SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	1233	1240	persons	T098	C0027361
28399833	1246	1286	percentage of PD standardized DALYs rate	T033	C0243095
28399833	1288	1296	% PD SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	1305	1313	diseases	T047	C0012634
28399833	1314	1319	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	1325	1339	variance ratio	T170	C3858744
28399833	1373	1378	years	T079	C0439234
28399833	1413	1421	province	T083	C1514578
28399833	1423	1429	gender	T032	C0079399
28399833	1434	1444	age groups	T100	C0027362
28399833	1480	1483	SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	1492	1501	increased	T081	C0205217
28399833	1540	1554	variance ratio	T170	C3858744
28399833	1558	1561	SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	1566	1575	provinces	T083	C1514578
28399833	1583	1614	middle, west and south of China	T083	C0008115
28399833	1657	1665	% PD SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	1681	1686	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	1687	1696	increased	T081	C0205217
28399833	1724	1730	groups	T078	C0441833
28399833	1749	1764	variance ratios	T170	C3858744
28399833	1765	1773	% PD SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	1781	1789	diseases	T047	C0012634
28399833	1790	1795	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	1834	1847	west of China	T083	C0008115
28399833	1882	1888	PD SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	1913	1918	women	T098	C0043210
28399833	1949	1963	variance ratio	T170	C3858744
28399833	1967	1973	PD SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	1978	1986	% PD SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	1994	2002	diseases	T047	C0012634
28399833	2003	2008	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	2017	2022	women	T098	C0043210
28399833	2064	2067	men	T098	C0025266
28399833	2097	2111	variance ratio	T170	C3858744
28399833	2112	2120	% PD SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	2128	2141	oral diseases	T047	C0026636
28399833	2142	2147	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	2182	2186	ages	T032	C0001779
28399833	2217	2222	years	T079	C0439234
28399833	2236	2238	PD	T047	C0031090
28399833	2239	2262	standardized DALYs rate	T033	C0243095
28399833	2267	2275	% PD SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	2283	2291	diseases	T047	C0012634
28399833	2292	2297	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	2301	2306	China	T083	C0008115
28399833	2319	2328	increased	T081	C0205217
28399833	2374	2382	% PD SDR	T033	C0243095
28399833	2390	2397	disease	T047	C0012634
28399833	2398	2403	DALYs	UnknownType	C4300518
28399833	2410	2426	Young population	T098	C1257890
28399833	2431	2436	women	T098	C0043210
28399833	2445	2459	west provinces	T083	C1514578
28399833	2463	2468	China	T083	C0008115
28399833	2507	2517	age groups	T100	C0027362
28399833	2522	2535	national wide	T092	C1555720
28399833	2544	2556	intervention	T061	C0841855
28399833	2557	2569	measurements	T169	C0242485
28399833	2585	2617	young women of child-bearing age	T033	C1960468
28399833	2626	2640	women's health	T091	C0080339
28399833	2649	2662	infant health	T080	C0205806
28399833	2664	2683	Periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28399833	2688	2700	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28399833	2734	2759	non-communicable diseases	T047	C0012634
28399833	2761	2764	NCD	T047	C0012634
28399833	2770	2780	conditions	T080	C0348080
28399833	2809	2819	behavioral	T033	C0035648
28399833	2824	2850	environmental risk factors	T080	C0686732
28399833	2890	2900	prevention	T061	C0679698
28399833	2904	2923	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090

28399871|t|IGF2BP3 functions as a potential oncogene and is a crucial target of miR-34a in gastric carcinogenesis
28399871|a|Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the frequent causes of cancer -related death in eastern Asian population. IGF2BP2 lists in the top rank up-regulated genes in GC, but its functional role is unclear. The expression of IGF2BP3 in GC cell lines and primary samples was examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The biological role of IGF2BP3 was revealed by a series of functional in vitro studies. Its regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs) was predicted by TargetScan and confirmed by luciferase assays and rescue experiments. IGF2BP3 ranked the No.1 of the up-regulated genes by expression microarray analysis in GC cell line s. The expression level of IGF2BP3 was observed in GC tissues comparing with non-tumorous gastric epitheliums. The up-regulated IGF2BP3 expression was associated with poor disease specific survival. IGF2BP3 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. Apart from copy number gain, IGF2BP3 has been confirmed to be negatively regulated by tumor-suppressive miRNA, namely miR-34a. The expression of miR-34a showed negative correlation with IGF2BP3 mRNA expression in primary GC samples and more importantly, re-overexpression of IGF2BP3 rescued the inhibitory effect of miR-34a. We compressively revealed the oncogenic role of IGF2BP3 in gastric tumorigenesis and confirmed its activation is partly due to the silence of miR-34a. Our findings identified useful prognostic biomarker and provided clinical translational potential.
28399871	0	7	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	8	17	functions	T169	C0542341
28399871	23	32	potential	T080	C3245505
28399871	33	41	oncogene	T028	C0029016
28399871	59	65	target	T169	C1521840
28399871	69	76	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
28399871	80	102	gastric carcinogenesis	T191	C0024623
28399871	103	117	Gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
28399871	119	121	GC	T191	C0024623
28399871	137	145	frequent	T079	C0332183
28399871	156	162	cancer	T191	C0006826
28399871	172	177	death	T040	C0011065
28399871	181	205	eastern Asian population	T081	C0032659
28399871	207	214	IGF2BP2	T028	C1825577
28399871	237	255	up-regulated genes	T044	C0041904
28399871	259	261	GC	T191	C0024623
28399871	271	286	functional role	T169	C0542341
28399871	290	297	unclear	T033	C3845108
28399871	303	313	expression	T045	C0017262
28399871	317	324	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	328	330	GC	T191	C0024623
28399871	331	341	cell lines	T025	C0007601
28399871	346	353	primary	T080	C0205225
28399871	354	361	samples	T077	C2347026
28399871	366	374	examined	T033	C0332128
28399871	378	385	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
28399871	390	402	Western blot	T059	C0949466
28399871	408	423	biological role	T038	C3714634
28399871	427	434	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	439	447	revealed	T080	C0443289
28399871	463	473	functional	T169	C0205245
28399871	474	490	in vitro studies	T062	C0681828
28399871	496	506	regulation	T045	C0017263
28399871	510	519	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28399871	521	527	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28399871	533	542	predicted	T078	C0681842
28399871	546	556	TargetScan	T060	C0441633
28399871	574	591	luciferase assays	T116,T126,T130	C0024075
28399871	596	602	rescue	T074	C0182965
28399871	603	614	experiments	T062	C0681814
28399871	616	623	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	647	665	up-regulated genes	T044	C0041904
28399871	669	679	expression	T045	C0017262
28399871	680	699	microarray analysis	T059	C1449575
28399871	703	705	GC	T191	C0024623
28399871	706	715	cell line	T025	C0007601
28399871	723	733	expression	T045	C0017262
28399871	743	750	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	755	763	observed	T169	C1441672
28399871	767	769	GC	T191	C0024623
28399871	770	777	tissues	T024	C0040300
28399871	793	825	non-tumorous gastric epitheliums	T023	C0227208
28399871	831	843	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28399871	844	851	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	852	862	expression	T045	C0017262
28399871	867	882	associated with	T080	C0332281
28399871	883	913	poor disease specific survival	T081	C2986538
28399871	915	922	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	923	932	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28399871	933	946	significantly	T078	C0750502
28399871	947	956	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28399871	957	975	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28399871	980	988	invasion	T033	C1269955
28399871	1001	1017	copy number gain	T081	C1517378
28399871	1019	1026	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	1052	1062	negatively	T033	C0205160
28399871	1063	1072	regulated	T045	C0017263
28399871	1076	1093	tumor-suppressive	T044	C1519692
28399871	1094	1099	miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28399871	1108	1115	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
28399871	1121	1131	expression	T045	C0017262
28399871	1135	1142	miR-34a	T028	C1537745
28399871	1150	1158	negative	T077	C2825415
28399871	1159	1170	correlation	T080	C1707520
28399871	1176	1183	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	1184	1188	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28399871	1189	1199	expression	T045	C0017262
28399871	1203	1210	primary	T080	C0205225
28399871	1211	1213	GC	T191	C0024623
28399871	1214	1221	samples	T077	C2347026
28399871	1244	1261	re-overexpression	T045	C0017262
28399871	1265	1272	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	1285	1302	inhibitory effect	T043	C1708997
28399871	1306	1313	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
28399871	1332	1340	revealed	T080	C0443289
28399871	1345	1354	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
28399871	1355	1359	role	T045	C0314627
28399871	1363	1370	IGF2BP3	T028	C1825578
28399871	1374	1395	gastric tumorigenesis	T191	C0038356
28399871	1414	1424	activation	T052	C1879547
28399871	1446	1453	silence	T045	C0598496
28399871	1457	1464	miR-34a	T114	C2351044
28399871	1470	1478	findings	T033	C0243095
28399871	1479	1489	identified	T080	C0205396
28399871	1497	1517	prognostic biomarker	T080	C1514475
28399871	1531	1539	clinical	T080	C0205210
28399871	1540	1553	translational	T045	C1519614
28399871	1554	1563	potential	T080	C3245505

28400033|t|Pre-hospital policies for the care of patients with acute coronary syndromes in India: A policy document analysis
28400033|a|Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in India. In high-income countries, pre-hospital systems of care have been developed to manage acute manifestations of ischemic heart disease, such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, it is unknown whether guidelines, policies, regulations, or laws exist to guide pre-hospital ACS care in India. We undertook a nation-wide document analysis to address this gap in knowledge. From November 2014 to May 2016, we searched for publicly available emergency care guidelines and legislation addressing pre-hospital ACS care in all 29 Indian states and 7 Union Territories via Internet search and direct correspondence. We found two documents addressing pre-hospital ACS care. Though India has legislation mandating acute care for emergencies such as trauma, regulations or laws to guide pre-hospital ACS care are largely absent. Policy makers urgently need to develop comprehensive, multi-stakeholder policies for pre-hospital emergency cardiovascular care in India.
28400033	0	12	Pre-hospital	T079	C1254367
28400033	13	21	policies	T170	C0242456
28400033	30	46	care of patients	T058	C0017313
28400033	52	76	acute coronary syndromes	T047	C0948089
28400033	80	85	India	T083	C0021201
28400033	89	95	policy	T170	C0242456
28400033	96	104	document	T170	C1301746
28400033	105	113	analysis	T062	C0936012
28400033	114	136	Ischemic heart disease	T184	C0002962
28400033	144	151	leading	T169	C1522538
28400033	152	166	cause of death	T033	C0007465
28400033	170	175	India	T083	C0021201
28400033	180	191	high-income	T033	C0948433
28400033	192	201	countries	T083	C0454664
28400033	203	231	pre-hospital systems of care	T058	C1444165
28400033	255	261	manage	T058	C0184516
28400033	262	267	acute	T079	C0205178
28400033	268	285	manifestations of	T080	C1280464
28400033	286	308	ischemic heart disease	T184	C0002962
28400033	318	341	acute coronary syndrome	T047	C0948089
28400033	343	346	ACS	T047	C0948089
28400033	364	371	unknown	T080	C0439673
28400033	380	390	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28400033	392	400	policies	T170	C0242456
28400033	402	413	regulations	T064	C0851285
28400033	418	422	laws	T089	C0023150
28400033	423	428	exist	T077	C2987476
28400033	438	450	pre-hospital	T079	C1254367
28400033	451	454	ACS	T047	C0948089
28400033	455	459	care	T058	C0086388
28400033	463	468	India	T083	C0021201
28400033	485	496	nation-wide	T082	C1254362
28400033	497	505	document	T170	C1301746
28400033	506	514	analysis	T062	C0936012
28400033	538	547	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28400033	554	562	November	T079	C3828767
28400033	571	574	May	T079	C3812381
28400033	584	592	searched	T052	C1706202
28400033	597	605	publicly	T080	C0205556
28400033	606	615	available	T169	C0470187
28400033	616	630	emergency care	T061	C1527398
28400033	631	641	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28400033	646	657	legislation	T170	C0600657
28400033	669	681	pre-hospital	T079	C1254367
28400033	682	685	ACS	T047	C0948089
28400033	686	690	care	T058	C0086388
28400033	701	707	Indian	T083	C0021201
28400033	708	714	states	T083	C1301808
28400033	721	738	Union Territories	T083	C0017446
28400033	743	751	Internet	T073	C0282111
28400033	752	758	search	T052	C1706202
28400033	763	769	direct	T080	C1947931
28400033	770	784	correspondence	T170	C0282413
28400033	789	794	found	T033	C0150312
28400033	799	808	documents	T170	C1301746
28400033	820	832	pre-hospital	T079	C1254367
28400033	833	836	ACS	T047	C0948089
28400033	837	841	care	T058	C0086388
28400033	850	855	India	T083	C0021201
28400033	860	881	legislation mandating	UnknownType	C0814715
28400033	882	892	acute care	T058	C0679878
28400033	897	908	emergencies	T067	C0013956
28400033	917	923	trauma	T037	C3714660
28400033	925	936	regulations	T064	C0851285
28400033	940	944	laws	T089	C0023150
28400033	954	966	pre-hospital	T079	C1254367
28400033	967	970	ACS	T047	C0948089
28400033	971	975	care	T058	C0086388
28400033	988	994	absent	T169	C0332197
28400033	996	1009	Policy makers	T097	C0242170
28400033	1010	1018	urgently	T079	C0439609
28400033	1019	1023	need	T080	C0027552
28400033	1035	1048	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28400033	1050	1067	multi-stakeholder	T080	C0205556
28400033	1068	1076	policies	T170	C0242456
28400033	1081	1093	pre-hospital	T079	C1254367
28400033	1094	1103	emergency	T067	C0013956
28400033	1104	1123	cardiovascular care	T058	C4273565
28400033	1127	1132	India	T083	C0021201

28400045|t|Rapid SNARE -mediated Fusion of Liposomes and Chromaffin Granules with Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
28400045|a|Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor (SNARE) proteins are the main catalysts for membrane fusion in the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells. In vitro, SNAREs are sufficient to mediate effective fusion of both native and artificial membranes. Here we have established, to our knowledge, a new platform for monitoring SNARE -mediated docking and fusion between giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) and smaller liposomes or purified secretory granules with high temporal and spatial resolution. Analysis of fusion is restricted to the free-standing part of the GUV - membrane exhibiting low curvature and a lack of surface contact, thus avoiding adhesion -mediated interference with the fusion reaction as in fusion with supported bilayers or surface-immobilized small vesicles. Our results show that liposomes and chromaffin granules fuse with GUVs containing activated SNAREs with only few milliseconds delay between docking and fusion. We conclude that after initial contact in trans, SNAREs alone can complete fusion at a rate close to fast neuronal exocytosis.
28400045	6	11	SNARE	T116,T192	C0300824
28400045	22	28	Fusion	T044	C0025246
28400045	32	41	Liposomes	T109	C0023828
28400045	46	65	Chromaffin Granules	T026	C0008537
28400045	71	97	Giant Unilamellar Vesicles	T109	C1721092
28400045	98	167	Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor	T116,T192	C0300824
28400045	169	174	SNARE	T116,T192	C0300824
28400045	176	184	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28400045	198	207	catalysts	T116,T126	C0014442
28400045	212	227	membrane fusion	T044	C0025246
28400045	235	252	secretory pathway	T043	C1159342
28400045	256	272	eukaryotic cells	T025	C0015161
28400045	274	282	In vitro	T080	C1533691
28400045	284	290	SNAREs	T116,T192	C0300824
28400045	317	326	effective	T080	C1704419
28400045	327	333	fusion	T044	C0025246
28400045	342	348	native	T026	C0596901
28400045	353	373	artificial membranes	T026	C0596901
28400045	438	448	monitoring	T169	C1441672
28400045	449	454	SNARE	T116,T192	C0300824
28400045	465	472	docking	T043	C1818621
28400045	477	483	fusion	T044	C0025246
28400045	492	518	giant unilamellar vesicles	T109	C1721092
28400045	520	524	GUVs	T109	C1721092
28400045	538	547	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28400045	560	578	secretory granules	T026	C0886515
28400045	589	597	temporal	T034	C0428763
28400045	602	620	spatial resolution	T077	C2699488
28400045	622	630	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28400045	634	640	fusion	T044	C0025246
28400045	688	691	GUV	T109	C1721092
28400045	694	702	membrane	T026	C0596901
28400045	714	727	low curvature	T081	C0392762
28400045	734	738	lack	T080	C0332268
28400045	742	749	surface	T082	C0205148
28400045	750	757	contact	T169	C0332158
28400045	773	781	adhesion	T043	C0007577
28400045	814	820	fusion	T044	C0025246
28400045	836	842	fusion	T044	C0025246
28400045	848	866	supported bilayers	T026	C0023768
28400045	870	904	surface-immobilized small vesicles	T026	C1622418
28400045	928	937	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28400045	942	961	chromaffin granules	T026	C0008537
28400045	962	966	fuse	T169	C0699952
28400045	972	976	GUVs	T109	C1721092
28400045	988	1004	activated SNAREs	T116,T192	C0300824
28400045	1046	1053	docking	T043	C1818621
28400045	1058	1064	fusion	T044	C0025246
28400045	1115	1121	SNAREs	T116,T192	C0300824
28400045	1141	1147	fusion	T044	C0025246
28400045	1153	1157	rate	T081	C1521828
28400045	1172	1180	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28400045	1181	1191	exocytosis	T043	C0015283

28400056|t|Lack of antimicrobial efficacy of mecetronium etilsulfate in propanol -based hand rubs for surgical hand disinfection
28400056|a|The aim of this study was to determine if mecetronium etilsulfate (MES) contributes to overall efficacy in surgical hand disinfection. Three blinded hand rubs (45% iso-propanol, 30% n-propanol) were applied for 1.5 min and compared with the EN 12791 reference procedure (crossover design). One commercial hand rub contained 0.2% MES, and the two other hand rubs were identical apart from 0.2% MES. None of the formulations had a log10 reduction after 3 h that was significantly better compared with the reference procedure [mean 1.72 (standard deviation 1.15)]. The antimicrobial contribution of MES in hand rubs is questionable.
28400056	0	4	Lack	T080	C0332268
28400056	8	21	antimicrobial	T034	C1271650
28400056	22	30	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28400056	34	57	mecetronium etilsulfate	T109,T121	C0771499
28400056	61	69	propanol	T109	C0175804
28400056	77	86	hand rubs	T121	C1330330
28400056	91	99	surgical	T061	C0543467
28400056	100	117	hand disinfection	T058	C0018570
28400056	122	125	aim	T078	C1947946
28400056	134	139	study	T062	C2603343
28400056	160	183	mecetronium etilsulfate	T109,T121	C0771499
28400056	185	188	MES	T109,T121	C0771499
28400056	213	221	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28400056	225	233	surgical	T061	C0543467
28400056	234	251	hand disinfection	T058	C0018570
28400056	267	276	hand rubs	T121	C1330330
28400056	282	294	iso-propanol	T109,T121	C0022237
28400056	300	310	n-propanol	T109,T121	C0001964
28400056	317	324	applied	T169	C4048755
28400056	341	349	compared	T052	C1707455
28400056	359	367	EN 12791	T121	C1254351
28400056	378	387	procedure	T169	C2700391
28400056	389	405	crossover design	T062	C0242817
28400056	412	422	commercial	T170	C0680536
28400056	423	431	hand rub	T121	C1330330
28400056	447	450	MES	T109,T121	C0771499
28400056	470	479	hand rubs	T121	C1330330
28400056	485	494	identical	T080	C0205280
28400056	511	514	MES	T109,T121	C0771499
28400056	528	540	formulations	T077	C1705957
28400056	547	552	log10	T081	C1690986
28400056	553	562	reduction	T080	C0392756
28400056	596	602	better	T080	C0332272
28400056	603	611	compared	T052	C1707455
28400056	631	640	procedure	T169	C2700391
28400056	642	646	mean	T081	C0444504
28400056	653	671	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28400056	684	697	antimicrobial	T034	C1271650
28400056	698	710	contribution	T052	C1880177
28400056	714	717	MES	T109,T121	C0771499
28400056	721	730	hand rubs	T121	C1330330

28400402|t|Molecular targeted therapies in adrenal, pituitary and parathyroid malignancies
28400402|a|Tumourigenesis is a relatively common event in endocrine tissues. Currently, specific guidelines have been developed for common malignant endocrine tumours which also incorporate advances in molecular targeted therapies (MTT), as in thyroid cancer and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine malignancies. However, there is little information regarding the role and efficacy of MTT in the relatively rare malignant endocrine tumours mainly involving the adrenal medulla, adrenal cortex, pituitary and parathyroid glands. Due to the rarity of these tumours and the lack of prospective studies, current guidelines are mostly based on retrospective data derived from surgical, loco-regional and ablative therapies, and studies with systemic chemotherapy. In addition, in many of these malignancies the prognosis remains poor with individual patients responding differently to currently available treatments, necessitating the development of new personalised therapeutic strategies. Recently, major advances in the molecular understanding of endocrine tumours - based on genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptome analysis - have emerged, resulting in new insights into their pathogenesis and molecular pathology. This in turn has led to the use of novel MTTs in increasing numbers of patients. In this review we aim to present currently existing and evolving data using MTT in the treatment of adrenal, pituitary and malignant parathyroid tumours, and explore the current utility and effectiveness of such therapies and their future evolution.
28400402	0	28	Molecular targeted therapies	T061	C2699893
28400402	32	39	adrenal	T191	C0750887
28400402	41	50	pituitary	T191	C0496842
28400402	55	79	parathyroid malignancies	T191	C0153653
28400402	80	94	Tumourigenesis	T191	C0007621
28400402	118	123	event	T051	C0441471
28400402	127	144	endocrine tissues	T024	C0229524
28400402	166	176	guidelines	T061	C0935576
28400402	208	235	malignant endocrine tumours	T191	C0153658
28400402	259	267	advances	T078	C1519201
28400402	271	299	molecular targeted therapies	T061	C2699893
28400402	301	304	MTT	T061	C2699893
28400402	313	327	thyroid cancer	T191	C0007115
28400402	332	376	gastrointestinal neuroendocrine malignancies	T191	C4303497
28400402	403	414	information	T078	C1533716
28400402	429	433	role	T077	C1705810
28400402	438	446	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28400402	450	453	MTT	T061	C2699893
28400402	472	476	rare	T080	C0522498
28400402	477	504	malignant endocrine tumours	T191	C0153658
28400402	526	541	adrenal medulla	T023	C0001629
28400402	543	557	adrenal cortex	T023	C0001613
28400402	559	568	pituitary	T023	C0032005
28400402	573	591	parathyroid glands	T023	C0030518
28400402	620	627	tumours	T191	C0027651
28400402	644	663	prospective studies	T062	C0033522
28400402	673	683	guidelines	T061	C0935576
28400402	704	722	retrospective data	T062	C0035363
28400402	736	744	surgical	T061	C0543467
28400402	746	759	loco-regional	T061	C0087111
28400402	764	782	ablative therapies	T061	C0547070
28400402	788	795	studies	T059	C0947630
28400402	801	822	systemic chemotherapy	T061	C1883256
28400402	854	866	malignancies	T191	C0006826
28400402	871	880	prognosis	T033	C0278252
28400402	889	893	poor	T080	C0542537
28400402	899	909	individual	T098	C0027361
28400402	910	918	patients	T101	C0030705
28400402	919	929	responding	T201	C0521982
28400402	965	975	treatments	T061	C0087111
28400402	995	1006	development	T169	C1527148
28400402	1027	1049	therapeutic strategies	T061	C0087111
28400402	1067	1075	advances	T078	C1519201
28400402	1083	1092	molecular	T080	C1521991
28400402	1093	1106	understanding	T041	C0233820
28400402	1110	1127	endocrine tumours	T191	C0014132
28400402	1139	1146	genomic	T063	C0796358
28400402	1148	1158	epigenomic	T062	C0242481
28400402	1164	1186	transcriptome analysis	T059,T063	C0752248
28400402	1194	1201	emerged	T080	C1516832
28400402	1220	1228	insights	T041	C0233820
28400402	1240	1252	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28400402	1257	1276	molecular pathology	T059	C1979599
28400402	1313	1318	novel	T080	C0205314
28400402	1319	1323	MTTs	T061	C2699893
28400402	1327	1337	increasing	T169	C0442808
28400402	1338	1345	numbers	T081	C0237753
28400402	1349	1357	patients	T101	C0030705
28400402	1367	1373	review	T170	C0282443
28400402	1377	1380	aim	T078	C1947946
28400402	1384	1391	present	T033	C0150312
28400402	1392	1401	currently	T079	C0521116
28400402	1402	1410	existing	T061	C2827950
28400402	1415	1423	evolving	T169	C0332253
28400402	1424	1428	data	T078	C1511726
28400402	1435	1438	MTT	T061	C2699893
28400402	1446	1455	treatment	T061	C0087111
28400402	1459	1466	adrenal	T191	C0001624
28400402	1468	1477	pituitary	T191	C0032019
28400402	1482	1511	malignant parathyroid tumours	T191	C0153653
28400402	1537	1544	utility	T081,T170	C0080277
28400402	1549	1562	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28400402	1571	1580	therapies	T061	C0087111
28400402	1591	1597	future	T079	C0016884
28400402	1598	1607	evolution	T038	C0282688

28400582|t|Detection of AMA-M2 in human saliva: Potentials in diagnosis and monitoring of primary biliary cholangitis
28400582|a|Serum anti-mitochondrial antibody type 2 (AMA-M2) is considered as a pivotal biomarker for the diagnosis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, serological tests have many limitations, including inconvenience, invasiveness, and infection risks. Thus, a less invasive approach to detect AMA-M2 titer is desirable. We examined salivary AMA-M2 of potential PBC patients and found that AMA-M2 could be detected only in saliva of serum AMA-M2-positive PBC patients, but not in saliva of serum AMA-M2-negative PBC patients, oral lichen planus patients (OLP) patients, or healthy controls. Furthermore, the concentration of salivary AMA-M2 was positively correlated with the amount of serum AMA-M2 in patients. The salivary inflammatory cytokines were increased in the PBC, consistent with the results of serum test. These findings indicated that saliva might be a less invasive and cost-effective medium to accurately test for AMA-M2 levels and this is a promising development for the diagnosis and monitoring of PBC.
28400582	0	9	Detection	T061	C1511790
28400582	13	19	AMA-M2	T116,T129	C0312621
28400582	23	28	human	T016	C0086418
28400582	29	35	saliva	T031	C0036087
28400582	37	47	Potentials	T080	C3245505
28400582	51	60	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28400582	65	75	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28400582	79	106	primary biliary cholangitis	T047	C0008312
28400582	107	112	Serum	T031	C0229671
28400582	113	147	anti-mitochondrial antibody type 2	T116,T129	C0312621
28400582	149	155	AMA-M2	T116,T129	C0312621
28400582	184	193	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28400582	202	211	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28400582	215	242	primary biliary cholangitis	T047	C0008312
28400582	244	247	PBC	T047	C0008312
28400582	259	276	serological tests	T059	C0036743
28400582	287	298	limitations	T169	C0449295
28400582	310	323	inconvenience	T033	C4062984
28400582	325	337	invasiveness	T080	C1301757
28400582	343	358	infection risks	T033	C0582147
28400582	368	372	less	T080	C0547044
28400582	373	381	invasive	T080	C0205281
28400582	382	390	approach	T082	C0449445
28400582	394	400	detect	T033	C0442726
28400582	401	413	AMA-M2 titer	T059	C1446191
28400582	440	448	salivary	T031	C0036087
28400582	449	455	AMA-M2	T116,T129	C0312621
28400582	459	468	potential	T080	C3245505
28400582	469	472	PBC	T047	C0008312
28400582	473	481	patients	T101	C0030705
28400582	497	503	AMA-M2	T116,T129	C0312621
28400582	513	521	detected	T033	C0442726
28400582	530	536	saliva	T031	C0036087
28400582	540	545	serum	T031	C0229671
28400582	546	561	AMA-M2-positive	T033	C4021051
28400582	562	565	PBC	T047	C0008312
28400582	566	574	patients	T101	C0030705
28400582	587	593	saliva	T031	C0036087
28400582	597	602	serum	T031	C0229671
28400582	603	618	AMA-M2-negative	T033	C0853205
28400582	619	622	PBC	T047	C0008312
28400582	623	631	patients	T101	C0030705
28400582	633	651	oral lichen planus	T047	C0206139
28400582	652	660	patients	T101	C0030705
28400582	662	665	OLP	T047	C0206139
28400582	667	675	patients	T101	C0030705
28400582	680	696	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28400582	715	728	concentration	T081	C1446561
28400582	732	740	salivary	T031	C0036087
28400582	741	747	AMA-M2	T116,T129	C0312621
28400582	752	773	positively correlated	T080	C1707520
28400582	783	789	amount	T081	C1265611
28400582	793	798	serum	T031	C0229671
28400582	799	805	AMA-M2	T116,T129	C0312621
28400582	809	817	patients	T101	C0030705
28400582	823	831	salivary	T031	C0036087
28400582	832	854	inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28400582	860	869	increased	T081	C0205217
28400582	877	880	PBC	T047	C0008312
28400582	882	897	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28400582	902	909	results	T169	C1274040
28400582	913	918	serum	T031	C0229671
28400582	919	923	test	T059	C0022885
28400582	955	961	saliva	T031	C0036087
28400582	973	977	less	T080	C0547044
28400582	978	986	invasive	T080	C0205281
28400582	991	1005	cost-effective	T057	C1511536
28400582	1006	1012	medium	T167	C1705217
28400582	1027	1031	test	T169	C0039593
28400582	1036	1049	AMA-M2 levels	T059	C2825862
28400582	1074	1085	development	T169	C1527148
28400582	1094	1103	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28400582	1108	1118	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28400582	1122	1125	PBC	T047	C0008312

28400724|t|Influence of Cervical Spine Mobility on the Focal and Postural Components of the Sit-to-Stand Task
28400724|a|The aim of this study was to determine the influence of cervical spine mobility on the focal and postural components of the sit-to-stand transition, which represent the preparatory and execution phases of the task, respectively. Sixteen asymptomatic female participants (22 ± 3 years, 163 ± 0,06 cm, 57,5 ± 5 kg), free of any neurological or musculoskeletal disorders, performed six trials of the sit-to-stand task at maximum speed, in four experimental conditions varying the mobility of the cervical spine by means of three different splints. A six-channel force plate, which collected the reaction forces and moments applied at its top surface, was used to calculate the center of pressure displacements along the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axes. The local accelerations of the head, spine, and pelvis, were assessed by three pairs of accelerometers, oriented along the vertical and anterior-posterior axes. Restriction of cervical spine mobility resulted in an increased duration of the focal movement, associated with longer and larger postural adjustments. These results suggest that restricted cervical spine mobility impairs the posturo-kinetic capacity during the sit-to-stand task, leading to a lower motor performance and a reorganization of the anticipatory postural adjustments. In a clinical context, it might be assumed that preserving the articular free play of the cervical spine might be useful to favor STS performance and autonomy.
28400724	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
28400724	13	36	Cervical Spine Mobility	T033	C2026936
28400724	44	49	Focal	T082	C0205234
28400724	54	62	Postural	T169	C0205278
28400724	81	98	Sit-to-Stand Task	T033	C0516746
28400724	103	106	aim	T078	C1947946
28400724	115	120	study	T062	C2603343
28400724	142	151	influence	T077	C4054723
28400724	155	178	cervical spine mobility	T033	C2026936
28400724	186	191	focal	T082	C0205234
28400724	196	204	postural	T169	C0205278
28400724	223	246	sit-to-stand transition	T033	C0516746
28400724	268	279	preparatory	T079	C0439611
28400724	284	293	execution	T052	C1708476
28400724	294	300	phases	T079	C0205390
28400724	336	348	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28400724	349	355	female	T032	C0086287
28400724	356	368	participants	T098	C0679646
28400724	377	382	years	T079	C0439234
28400724	413	420	free of	T169	C0332296
28400724	425	437	neurological	T047	C0027765
28400724	441	466	musculoskeletal disorders	T047	C0026857
28400724	482	488	trials	T169	C0039593
28400724	496	513	sit-to-stand task	T033	C0516746
28400724	517	524	maximum	T081	C0806909
28400724	525	530	speed	T081	C0678536
28400724	540	552	experimental	T080	C1517586
28400724	553	563	conditions	T080	C0449910
28400724	564	571	varying	T169	C0392747
28400724	576	606	mobility of the cervical spine	T033	C2026936
28400724	635	642	splints	T074	C0038009
28400724	646	669	six-channel force plate	T074	C2720619
28400724	691	699	reaction	T169	C0443286
28400724	700	706	forces	T067	C0441722
28400724	711	718	moments	T067	C0376590
28400724	734	745	top surface	T082	C0205148
28400724	759	768	calculate	T052	C1441506
28400724	773	805	center of pressure displacements	T081	C0392762
28400724	816	834	anterior-posterior	T082	C1999039
28400724	839	858	medial-lateral axes	T082	C1302283
28400724	864	869	local	T082	C0205276
28400724	870	883	accelerations	T067	C0000894
28400724	891	895	head	T029	C0018670
28400724	897	902	spine	T023	C0037949
28400724	908	914	pelvis	T023	C0030797
28400724	948	962	accelerometers	T074	C0178951
28400724	983	991	vertical	T082	C0205128
28400724	996	1014	anterior-posterior	T082	C1999039
28400724	1015	1019	axes	T082	C1522496
28400724	1021	1032	Restriction	T169	C0443288
28400724	1036	1059	cervical spine mobility	T033	C2026936
28400724	1075	1084	increased	T081	C0205217
28400724	1085	1093	duration	T079	C0449238
28400724	1101	1106	focal	T082	C0205234
28400724	1133	1139	longer	T080	C0205166
28400724	1144	1150	larger	T081	C0549177
28400724	1151	1159	postural	T169	C0205278
28400724	1160	1171	adjustments	T169	C0456081
28400724	1200	1210	restricted	T169	C0443288
28400724	1211	1234	cervical spine mobility	T033	C2026936
28400724	1247	1271	posturo-kinetic capacity	T039	C0031843
28400724	1283	1300	sit-to-stand task	T033	C0516746
28400724	1315	1320	lower	T052	C2003888
28400724	1321	1338	motor performance	T040	C0870921
28400724	1345	1359	reorganization	T078	C0680829
28400724	1380	1388	postural	T169	C0205278
28400724	1389	1400	adjustments	T169	C0456081
28400724	1407	1415	clinical	T080	C0205210
28400724	1416	1423	context	T078	C0449255
28400724	1450	1460	preserving	T169	C0728887
28400724	1465	1474	articular	T169	C0521339
28400724	1492	1506	cervical spine	T023	C0728985
28400724	1532	1535	STS	T033	C0516746
28400724	1536	1547	performance	T052	C1882330
28400724	1552	1560	autonomy	T078	C0085862

28401602|t|Piloting a new patient-related outcome tool to assess cosmetic outcome in Mohs Micrographic Surgery
28401602|a|Poor cosmetic outcome is associated with significant negative impact on quality of life (QOL).(1) The degree of psychosocial distress may be more correlated with patient perception rather than objective scar severity. The patient's personal assessment is the primary influence on psychosocial morbidity .(1) Therefore, patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments are valuable in assessing cosmetic outcome and impact on QOL. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28401602	0	8	Piloting	T062	C0242481
28401602	15	43	patient-related outcome tool	T170	C0282574
28401602	47	53	assess	T058	C0184514
28401602	54	70	cosmetic outcome	T033	C0243095
28401602	74	99	Mohs Micrographic Surgery	T061	C0519246
28401602	105	121	cosmetic outcome	T033	C0243095
28401602	125	140	associated with	T080	C0332281
28401602	162	168	impact	T080	C4049986
28401602	172	187	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28401602	189	192	QOL	T078	C0034380
28401602	202	208	degree	T081	C0449286
28401602	212	224	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
28401602	225	233	distress	T033	C0231303
28401602	246	256	correlated	T080	C1707520
28401602	262	269	patient	T101	C0030705
28401602	270	280	perception	T041	C0030971
28401602	303	307	scar	T033	C0241158
28401602	308	316	severity	T080	C0439793
28401602	322	331	patient's	T101	C0030705
28401602	332	351	personal assessment	T058	C1254363
28401602	367	376	influence	T077	C4054723
28401602	380	402	psychosocial morbidity	T048	C0740697
28401602	419	443	patient-reported outcome	T170	C2987124
28401602	445	448	PRO	T170	C2987124
28401602	450	461	instruments	T170	C0038951
28401602	478	487	assessing	T058	C0184514
28401602	488	504	cosmetic outcome	T033	C0243095
28401602	509	515	impact	T080	C4049986
28401602	519	522	QOL	T078	C0034380

28401887|t|Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combine with Treated dentin matrix to build biological root
28401887|a|Treated dentin matrix (TDM) as a kind of scaffolding material has been proved odontogenic induction ability on dental-derived stem cells. Given the limited resources of dental stem cells, it is necessary to seek new seed cell which easily obtained. Jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (JBMMSC) as non-dental-derived stem cell relates to the development of teeth and jaws which suggest us JBMMSCs could act as a new seed cell for tooth tissue engineering. To assess the odontogenic and osteogenic potential of JBMMSCs, cells were induced by TDM extraction in vitro and combined with TDM in vivo. Results were analyzed by PCR, Western Blotting and histology. PCR and Western Blotting showed odontogenic and osteogenic makers were significantly enhanced in varying degrees after induced by TDM extraction in vitro. In vivo, JBMMSCs expressed both odontogenic and osteogenic-related protein, and the latter showed stronger positive expression. Furthermore, histological examination of the harvested grafts was observed the formation of bone-like tissue. Therefore, osteogenic differentiation ability of JBMMSCs were enhanced significantly after being inducted by TDM which illustrates that non-odontogenic derived stem cells are still promising seed cells in tooth root tissue engineering.
28401887	0	11	Bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28401887	12	34	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28401887	48	69	Treated dentin matrix	T122	C0011379
28401887	79	94	biological root	T023	C1305305
28401887	95	116	Treated dentin matrix	T122	C0011379
28401887	118	121	TDM	T122	C0011379
28401887	136	156	scaffolding material	T122	C0597587
28401887	173	202	odontogenic induction ability	T042	C0028877
28401887	206	220	dental-derived	T080	C0226984
28401887	221	231	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28401887	264	281	dental stem cells	T025	C0038250
28401887	311	320	seed cell	T025	C0007634
28401887	344	347	Jaw	T023	C0022359
28401887	344	381	Jaw bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell	T025	C1257975
28401887	348	359	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28401887	383	389	JBMMSC	T025	C1257975
28401887	394	412	non-dental-derived	T080	C0205556
28401887	413	422	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28401887	453	458	teeth	T023	C0040426
28401887	463	467	jaws	T023	C0022359
28401887	485	492	JBMMSCs	T025	C1257975
28401887	512	521	seed cell	T025	C0007634
28401887	526	550	tooth tissue engineering	T061	C0596171
28401887	566	577	odontogenic	T042	C0028877
28401887	582	602	osteogenic potential	T042	C0029433
28401887	606	613	JBMMSCs	T025	C1257975
28401887	615	620	cells	T025	C0007634
28401887	637	640	TDM	T122	C0011379
28401887	641	651	extraction	T061	C0185115
28401887	652	660	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28401887	679	682	TDM	T122	C0011379
28401887	683	690	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28401887	692	699	Results	T169	C1274040
28401887	705	713	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28401887	717	720	PCR	T063	C0032520
28401887	722	738	Western Blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28401887	743	752	histology	T059	C0344441
28401887	754	757	PCR	T063	C0032520
28401887	762	778	Western Blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28401887	786	819	odontogenic and osteogenic makers	T033	C0243095
28401887	884	887	TDM	T122	C0011379
28401887	888	898	extraction	T061	C0185115
28401887	899	907	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28401887	909	916	In vivo	T082	C1515655
28401887	918	925	JBMMSCs	T025	C1257975
28401887	941	952	odontogenic	T042	C0028877
28401887	957	983	osteogenic-related protein	T116,T121,T123	C0599660
28401887	1050	1074	histological examination	T059	C0344441
28401887	1082	1098	harvested grafts	T122	C0181074
28401887	1129	1145	bone-like tissue	T024	C0040300
28401887	1158	1192	osteogenic differentiation ability	T043	C0007613
28401887	1196	1203	JBMMSCs	T025	C1257975
28401887	1256	1259	TDM	T122	C0011379
28401887	1283	1306	non-odontogenic derived	T080	C0205556
28401887	1307	1317	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28401887	1338	1348	seed cells	T025	C0007634
28401887	1352	1381	tooth root tissue engineering	T061	C0596171

28402002|t|Mental health and associated factors among young offenders in Chile: a cross-sectional study
28402002|a|Few studies in Latin America have explored mental disorder among young offenders, or variables associated with it. Our aim was to test for associations between childhood adversity or substance misuse and psychiatric disorders among young offenders. Sentenced adolescent offenders were recruited from young offenders' institutions or community centres provided by the Chilean National Service for Minors. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, conducted by trained psychologists. A trained sociologist used an ad hoc interview to collect information about childhood experiences, including parenting, trauma, education and substance misuse. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyse data. The most prevalent psychiatric disorders among the 935 participants were marijuana dependence disorder, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. Substance use disorders were less frequent among young offenders who were serving their sentence in young offenders' institutions than among those serving in community centres and more frequent among those who started to use marijuana at an earlier age. Among other variables, childhood maltreatment was related to major depressive disorder, and maternal death to anxiety disorders. Higher educational status was related to a lower frequency of depressive and anxiety disorders. Our findings suggest that greater efforts must be made to identify vulnerable young people much earlier. Few of these young offenders with mental health problems had been well adjusted in health, education or socially before this period of detention. © 2017 The Authors. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
28402002	0	13	Mental health	T041	C0025353
28402002	18	28	associated	T080	C0332281
28402002	29	36	factors	T169	C1521761
28402002	43	48	young	T079	C0332239
28402002	49	58	offenders	T098	C0699726
28402002	62	67	Chile	T083	C0008107
28402002	71	92	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28402002	108	121	Latin America	T083	C0023122
28402002	136	151	mental disorder	T048	C0004936
28402002	158	163	young	T079	C0332239
28402002	164	173	offenders	T098	C0699726
28402002	178	187	variables	T080	C0439828
28402002	188	203	associated with	T080	C0332281
28402002	232	244	associations	T080	C0439849
28402002	253	262	childhood	T079	C0231335
28402002	263	272	adversity	T077	C3900081
28402002	276	292	substance misuse	T033	C4061432
28402002	297	318	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
28402002	325	330	young	T079	C0332239
28402002	331	340	offenders	T098	C0699726
28402002	342	351	Sentenced	T064	C0860081
28402002	352	362	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28402002	363	372	offenders	T098	C0699726
28402002	378	387	recruited	T052	C2949735
28402002	393	398	young	T079	C0332239
28402002	399	409	offenders'	T098	C0699726
28402002	410	422	institutions	T073	C0442681
28402002	426	443	community centres	T058	C3162245
28402002	460	495	Chilean National Service for Minors	UnknownType	C0680773
28402002	497	518	Psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
28402002	524	532	assessed	T052	C1516048
28402002	543	588	Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview	T060	C0021819
28402002	603	624	trained psychologists	T097	C0033908
28402002	628	647	trained sociologist	T097	C0037467
28402002	656	672	ad hoc interview	T052	C0021822
28402002	684	695	information	T078	C1533716
28402002	702	723	childhood experiences	T201	C4298416
28402002	735	744	parenting	T033	C3836557
28402002	746	752	trauma	T037	C3714660
28402002	754	763	education	T185	C0013622
28402002	768	784	substance misuse	T033	C4061432
28402002	786	820	Multivariable logistic regressions	T062	C0206031
28402002	834	846	analyse data	T081	C0010998
28402002	867	888	psychiatric disorders	T048	C0004936
28402002	903	915	participants	T098	C0679646
28402002	921	950	marijuana dependence disorder	T048	C0006870
28402002	952	977	major depressive disorder	T048	C1269683
28402002	983	1000	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28402002	1002	1025	Substance use disorders	T048	C0038586
28402002	1051	1056	young	T079	C0332239
28402002	1057	1066	offenders	T098	C0699726
28402002	1090	1098	sentence	T033	C0392751
28402002	1102	1107	young	T079	C0332239
28402002	1108	1118	offenders'	T098	C0699726
28402002	1119	1131	institutions	T073	C0442681
28402002	1160	1177	community centres	T058	C3162245
28402002	1187	1195	frequent	T079	C0332183
28402002	1212	1219	started	T080	C1272689
28402002	1223	1236	use marijuana	T048	C0024809
28402002	1243	1254	earlier age	T032	C0001779
28402002	1268	1277	variables	T081	C1705098
28402002	1279	1301	childhood maltreatment	T048	C0008060
28402002	1317	1342	major depressive disorder	T048	C1269683
28402002	1348	1362	maternal death	T040	C3494405
28402002	1366	1383	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28402002	1392	1410	educational status	T033	C0013658
28402002	1428	1443	lower frequency	T079	C0205213
28402002	1447	1457	depressive	T048	C0011581
28402002	1462	1479	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28402002	1485	1493	findings	T033	C0243095
28402002	1494	1501	suggest	T078	C1705535
28402002	1539	1547	identify	T080	C0205396
28402002	1548	1558	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
28402002	1559	1564	young	T079	C0332239
28402002	1565	1571	people	T098	C0027361
28402002	1577	1584	earlier	T079	C1279919
28402002	1586	1589	Few	T081	C0205388
28402002	1599	1604	young	T079	C0332239
28402002	1605	1614	offenders	T098	C0699726
28402002	1620	1633	mental health	T041	C0025353
28402002	1634	1642	problems	T033	C0033213
28402002	1657	1665	adjusted	T169	C0456081
28402002	1669	1675	health	T078	C0018684
28402002	1677	1686	education	T185	C0013622
28402002	1690	1698	socially	T054	C0037397
28402002	1711	1717	period	T079	C1948053
28402002	1721	1730	detention	T064	C0237567

28402055|t|Effects of regular water - and land-based exercise on physical function after 5 years: A long-term study on the well-being of older Japanese adults
28402055|a|To investigate the effects of 5 years of physical exercise on functional parameters among older Japanese adults who carried out water - or land-based exercise. We retrospectively investigated data from 5707 medical examinations and enrolled 77 older adults into the study. Eligible participants had to be aged ≥60 years, and engaged in water-based exercise (n = 38) or a combination of water - and land-based exercise (n = 39) for at least 80% of their total exercise time for over 5 years at our fitness center. In statistical analysis, a two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was carried out to examine the effects over time and by exercise type, and the changes in each parameter over 5 years were also compared between the two groups. We found significant main effects and an interaction between time and exercise type for gait speed, with an early decline in the combined exercise group, as well as significant main effects of time, showing a functional decline in grip strength, one-leg standing time and step/height ratio in both exercise types at the 5- year follow up. The 5- year changes in each parameter did not differ between the two groups despite the frequency of exercise, even though we found a negative correlation between changes in one-leg standing time and total amount of water-based exercise. Contrary to expectations, these results suggest that regular engagement in water-based exercise, even combined with land-based exercise, might have poor long-term benefits for maintaining physical performance in older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; ••: ••-••.
28402055	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28402055	11	18	regular	T080	C0205272
28402055	19	24	water	T056	C2712391
28402055	31	50	land-based exercise	T056	C0015259
28402055	54	71	physical function	T033	C0516981
28402055	80	85	years	T079	C0439234
28402055	89	104	long-term study	T062	C0023981
28402055	126	140	older Japanese	T098	C1556094
28402055	141	147	adults	T098	C0001792
28402055	151	162	investigate	T169	C1292732
28402055	167	174	effects	T080	C1280500
28402055	180	185	years	T079	C0439234
28402055	189	206	physical exercise	T056	C0015259
28402055	210	220	functional	T169	C0205245
28402055	221	231	parameters	T077	C0549193
28402055	238	252	older Japanese	T098	C1556094
28402055	253	259	adults	T098	C0001792
28402055	276	281	water	T056	C2712391
28402055	287	306	land-based exercise	T056	C0015259
28402055	311	326	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28402055	327	339	investigated	T169	C1292732
28402055	340	344	data	T078	C1511726
28402055	355	375	medical examinations	T058	C0582103
28402055	380	388	enrolled	T058	C1516879
28402055	392	404	older adults	T098	C0001792
28402055	414	419	study	T062	C2603343
28402055	430	442	participants	T098	C0679646
28402055	453	457	aged	T032	C0001779
28402055	462	467	years	T079	C0439234
28402055	484	504	water-based exercise	T056	C2712391
28402055	519	530	combination	T080	C0205195
28402055	534	539	water	T056	C2712391
28402055	546	565	land-based exercise	T056	C0015259
28402055	601	620	total exercise time	T079	C0429931
28402055	632	637	years	T079	C0439234
28402055	645	659	fitness center	T073,T093	C0600623
28402055	664	684	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28402055	688	734	two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance	T081	C1710497
28402055	754	761	examine	T033	C0332128
28402055	766	773	effects	T080	C1280500
28402055	779	783	time	T079	C0040223
28402055	791	804	exercise type	T033	C2708664
28402055	814	821	changes	T169	C0392747
28402055	830	839	parameter	T077	C0549193
28402055	847	852	years	T079	C0439234
28402055	863	871	compared	T052	C1707455
28402055	888	894	groups	T078	C0441833
28402055	899	904	found	T033	C0243095
28402055	905	916	significant	T078	C0750502
28402055	917	921	main	T080	C1542147
28402055	922	929	effects	T080	C1280500
28402055	937	948	interaction	T169	C1704675
28402055	957	961	time	T079	C0040223
28402055	966	979	exercise type	T033	C2708664
28402055	984	994	gait speed	T032	C2009910
28402055	1004	1017	early decline	T081	C0547047
28402055	1025	1033	combined	T080	C0205195
28402055	1034	1048	exercise group	T078	C0441833
28402055	1061	1072	significant	T078	C0750502
28402055	1073	1077	main	T080	C1542147
28402055	1078	1088	effects of	T080	C1704420
28402055	1089	1093	time	T079	C0040223
28402055	1105	1123	functional decline	T033	C4304688
28402055	1127	1140	grip strength	T081	C0429271
28402055	1142	1158	one-leg standing	T082	C0231472
28402055	1159	1163	time	T079	C0040223
28402055	1168	1179	step/height	T033	C0427127
28402055	1180	1185	ratio	T081	C0456603
28402055	1194	1208	exercise types	T033	C2708664
28402055	1219	1223	year	T079	C0439234
28402055	1224	1233	follow up	T058	C1522577
28402055	1242	1246	year	T079	C0439234
28402055	1247	1254	changes	T169	C0392747
28402055	1263	1272	parameter	T077	C0549193
28402055	1304	1310	groups	T078	C0441833
28402055	1323	1344	frequency of exercise	T033	C0556455
28402055	1361	1366	found	T033	C0243095
28402055	1369	1377	negative	T033	C0205160
28402055	1378	1389	correlation	T080	C1707520
28402055	1398	1405	changes	T169	C0392747
28402055	1409	1425	one-leg standing	T082	C0231472
28402055	1426	1430	time	T079	C0040223
28402055	1435	1440	total	T080	C0439810
28402055	1441	1447	amount	T081	C1265611
28402055	1451	1471	water-based exercise	T056	C2712391
28402055	1485	1497	expectations	T078	C0679138
28402055	1505	1512	results	T169	C1274040
28402055	1513	1520	suggest	T078	C1705535
28402055	1526	1533	regular	T080	C0205272
28402055	1548	1568	water-based exercise	T056	C2712391
28402055	1575	1583	combined	T080	C0205195
28402055	1589	1608	land-based exercise	T056	C0015259
28402055	1626	1635	long-term	T079	C0443252
28402055	1636	1644	benefits	T081	C0814225
28402055	1649	1660	maintaining	T169	C1314677
28402055	1661	1681	physical performance	T032	C2607857
28402055	1685	1697	older adults	T098	C0001792

28402232|t|Combined exposures of whole-body vibration and awkward posture: a cross sectional investigation among occupational drivers by means of simultaneous field measurements
28402232|a|Multifactorial workloads such as whole-body vibration (WBV), awkward posture and heavy lifting are potential predictors for low back pain (LBP). In this study, we investigate the association between LBP and these exposures among 102 professional drivers. The combined exposures of WBV and posture are measured at different workplaces. Health and personal data as well as information about lifting tasks are collected by a questionnaire. The daily vibration exposure value (odds ratio 1.69) and an index for awkward posture (odds ratio 1.63) show significant association with the occurence of LBP. Awkward posture and heavy lifting appear to be more strongly associated with sick leave than WBV exposure. Furthermore, a combination of the measurement results of WBV and awkward posture into one quantity also shows significant correlation to LBP. The combined exposure of WBV and awkward posture can be described in terms of the daily vibration exposure and the index for awkward posture. This facilitates work place assessments and future research in this area. Practitioner Summary: For the first time, quantitative measures combining whole-body vibration and awkward posture exposures have shown to correlate with the occurrence of low back pain significantly. This validates the proposed quantities and measurement methods, which facilitate workplace assessments and assist in the design of further studies which are necessary to establish a causal exposure - response relationship.
28402232	0	8	Combined	T080	C0205195
28402232	9	18	exposures	T037	C0028798
28402232	22	42	whole-body vibration	T033	C4060689
28402232	47	62	awkward posture	T033	C2112849
28402232	66	95	cross sectional investigation	T062	C0010362
28402232	102	114	occupational	T090	C0028811
28402232	115	122	drivers	T098	C0684312
28402232	135	147	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28402232	148	166	field measurements	T169	C0242485
28402232	167	181	Multifactorial	T033	C1837655
28402232	182	191	workloads	T081	C0085122
28402232	200	220	whole-body vibration	T033	C4060689
28402232	222	225	WBV	T033	C4060689
28402232	228	243	awkward posture	T033	C2112849
28402232	254	261	lifting	T052	C0206244
28402232	266	275	potential	T080	C3245505
28402232	276	286	predictors	T033	C0035648
28402232	291	304	low back pain	T184	C0024031
28402232	306	309	LBP	T184	C0024031
28402232	320	325	study	T062	C2603343
28402232	330	341	investigate	T169	C1292732
28402232	346	357	association	T080	C0439849
28402232	366	369	LBP	T184	C0024031
28402232	380	389	exposures	T037	C0028798
28402232	400	412	professional	T090	C0028811
28402232	413	420	drivers	T098	C0684312
28402232	426	434	combined	T080	C0205195
28402232	435	444	exposures	T037	C0028798
28402232	448	451	WBV	T033	C4060689
28402232	468	476	measured	T080	C0444706
28402232	480	489	different	T080	C1705242
28402232	490	500	workplaces	T082	C0162579
28402232	502	508	Health	T078	C0018684
28402232	522	526	data	T078	C1511726
28402232	538	549	information	T078	C1533716
28402232	556	563	lifting	T052	C0206244
28402232	564	569	tasks	T057	C3540678
28402232	574	583	collected	T169	C1516698
28402232	589	602	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28402232	608	613	daily	T079	C0332173
28402232	614	632	vibration exposure	T037	C0677519
28402232	633	638	value	T081	C1522609
28402232	640	650	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28402232	664	669	index	T081	C1881192
28402232	674	689	awkward posture	T033	C2112849
28402232	691	701	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28402232	713	724	significant	T078	C0750502
28402232	725	736	association	T080	C0439849
28402232	746	755	occurence	T079	C2745955
28402232	759	762	LBP	T184	C0024031
28402232	764	779	Awkward posture	T033	C2112849
28402232	790	797	lifting	T052	C0206244
28402232	798	804	appear	T080	C0700364
28402232	825	840	associated with	T080	C0332281
28402232	841	851	sick leave	T078	C0242807
28402232	857	860	WBV	T033	C4060689
28402232	861	869	exposure	T037	C0028798
28402232	886	897	combination	T080	C0205195
28402232	905	916	measurement	T169	C0242485
28402232	917	924	results	T169	C1274040
28402232	928	931	WBV	T033	C4060689
28402232	936	951	awkward posture	T033	C2112849
28402232	961	969	quantity	T081	C1265611
28402232	981	992	significant	T078	C0750502
28402232	993	1004	correlation	T080	C1707520
28402232	1008	1011	LBP	T184	C0024031
28402232	1017	1025	combined	T080	C0205195
28402232	1026	1034	exposure	T037	C0028798
28402232	1038	1041	WBV	T033	C4060689
28402232	1046	1061	awkward posture	T033	C2112849
28402232	1069	1078	described	T078	C1552738
28402232	1095	1100	daily	T079	C0332173
28402232	1101	1119	vibration exposure	T037	C0677519
28402232	1128	1133	index	T081	C1881192
28402232	1138	1153	awkward posture	T033	C2112849
28402232	1172	1182	work place	T082	C0162579
28402232	1183	1194	assessments	T052	C1516048
28402232	1199	1205	future	T079	C0016884
28402232	1206	1214	research	T062	C0035168
28402232	1223	1227	area	T082	C0205146
28402232	1271	1283	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28402232	1284	1292	measures	T081	C0079809
28402232	1303	1323	whole-body vibration	T033	C4060689
28402232	1328	1343	awkward posture	T033	C2112849
28402232	1344	1353	exposures	T037	C0028798
28402232	1368	1377	correlate	T080	C1707520
28402232	1387	1397	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28402232	1401	1414	low back pain	T184	C0024031
28402232	1458	1468	quantities	T081	C1265611
28402232	1473	1484	measurement	T169	C0242485
28402232	1485	1492	methods	T169	C0025664
28402232	1511	1520	workplace	T082	C0162579
28402232	1521	1532	assessments	T052	C1516048
28402232	1537	1543	assist	T080	C1269765
28402232	1551	1557	design	T052	C1707689
28402232	1561	1568	further	T079	C0016884
28402232	1569	1576	studies	T062	C2603343
28402232	1600	1609	establish	T080	C0443211
28402232	1612	1627	causal exposure	T037	C0274281
28402232	1630	1638	response	T032	C0871261
28402232	1639	1651	relationship	T080	C0439849

28402261|t|Association of CKIP-1 P21A polymorphism with risk of chronic heart failure in a Chinese population
28402261|a|Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for chronic heart failure. Casein kinase-2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) can inhibit pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, we investigated whether CKIP-1 nonsynonymous polymorphism rs2306235 (Pro21Ala) contributes to risk and prognosis of chronic heart failure in a Chinese population. A total of 923 adult patients with chronic heart failure and 1020 age - and gender -matched healthy controls were recruited. CKIP-1 rs2306235 polymorphism was genotyped using PCR - restriction fragment length polymorphism. Additional follow-up data for 140 chronic heart failure patients was evaluated. The rs2306235 G allele was associated with an increased risk of chronic heart failure (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.09-1.75, p = 0.007), especially in patients with hypertension (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.09-1.75, p = 0.006) and coronary heart disease (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.09-1.83, p = 0.010) after adjustment for multiple cardiovascular risk factors. However, rs2306235 polymorphism was not associated with cardiovascular mortality in chronic heart failure (p = 0.875). CKIP-1 rs2306235 polymorphism may be a risk factor for chronic heart failure in a Chinese Han population.
28402261	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28402261	15	26	CKIP-1 P21A	T028	C1826600
28402261	27	39	polymorphism	T086	C0752046
28402261	45	49	risk	T078	C0035647
28402261	53	74	chronic heart failure	T047	C0264716
28402261	80	98	Chinese population	T098	C0152035
28402261	99	111	Pathological	T169	C1521733
28402261	112	131	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
28402261	150	161	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28402261	166	187	chronic heart failure	T047	C0264716
28402261	189	226	Casein kinase-2 interacting protein-1	T116,T123	C1309499
28402261	228	234	CKIP-1	T116,T123	C1309499
28402261	248	260	pathological	T169	C1521733
28402261	261	280	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
28402261	296	308	investigated	T169	C1292732
28402261	317	323	CKIP-1	T028	C1826600
28402261	324	360	nonsynonymous polymorphism rs2306235	T086	C0752046
28402261	362	370	Pro21Ala	T045	C0026882
28402261	387	391	risk	T078	C0035647
28402261	396	405	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28402261	409	430	chronic heart failure	T047	C0264716
28402261	436	454	Chinese population	T098	C0152035
28402261	471	476	adult	T100	C0001675
28402261	477	485	patients	T101	C0030705
28402261	491	512	chronic heart failure	T047	C0264716
28402261	522	525	age	T032	C0001779
28402261	532	538	gender	T032	C0079399
28402261	548	564	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28402261	581	597	CKIP-1 rs2306235	T028	C1826600
28402261	598	610	polymorphism	T086	C0752046
28402261	615	624	genotyped	T059	C1285573
28402261	631	634	PCR	T063	C0032520
28402261	637	677	restriction fragment length polymorphism	T059	C3714764
28402261	690	699	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28402261	700	704	data	T078	C1511726
28402261	713	734	chronic heart failure	T047	C0264716
28402261	735	743	patients	T101	C0030705
28402261	748	757	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28402261	763	772	rs2306235	T028	C1826600
28402261	773	781	G allele	T028	C0002085
28402261	805	814	increased	T081	C0205217
28402261	815	819	risk	T078	C0035647
28402261	823	844	chronic heart failure	T047	C0264716
28402261	846	848	OR	T081	C0028873
28402261	861	863	CI	T081	C0009667
28402261	877	878	p	T081	C1709380
28402261	903	911	patients	T101	C0030705
28402261	917	929	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28402261	931	933	OR	T081	C0028873
28402261	946	948	CI	T081	C0009667
28402261	977	999	coronary heart disease	T047	C0010068
28402261	1001	1003	OR	T081	C0028873
28402261	1016	1018	CI	T081	C0009667
28402261	1032	1033	p	T081	C1709380
28402261	1064	1087	multiple cardiovascular	T033	C1979763
28402261	1088	1100	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28402261	1111	1120	rs2306235	T028	C1826600
28402261	1121	1133	polymorphism	T086	C0752046
28402261	1158	1182	cardiovascular mortality	T081	C0205848
28402261	1186	1207	chronic heart failure	T047	C0264716
28402261	1221	1237	CKIP-1 rs2306235	T028	C1826600
28402261	1238	1250	polymorphism	T086	C0752046
28402261	1260	1271	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28402261	1276	1297	chronic heart failure	T047	C0264716
28402261	1303	1325	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942

28403152|t|Linking phenological events in migratory passerines with a changing climate: 50 years in the Laurel Highlands of Pennsylvania
28403152|a|Advanced timing of both seasonal migration and reproduction in birds has been strongly associated with a warming climate for many bird species. Phenological responses to climate linking these stages may ultimately impact fitness. We analyzed five decades of banding data from 17 migratory bird species to investigate 1) how spring arrival related to timing of breeding, 2) if the interval between arrival and breeding has changed with increasing spring temperatures, and 3) whether arrival timing or breeding timing best predicted local productivity. Four of 17 species, all mid- to long-distance migrants, hatched young earlier in years when migrants arrived earlier to the breeding grounds (~1:1 day advancement). The interval between arrival on breeding grounds and appearance of juveniles shortened with warmer spring temperatures for 12 species (1-6 days for every 1°C increase) and over time for seven species (1-8 days per decade), suggesting that some migratory passerines adapt to climate change by laying more quickly after arrival or reducing the time from laying to fledging. We found more support for the former, that the rate of reproductive advancement was higher than that for arrival in warm years. Timing of spring arrival and breeding were both poor predictors of avian productivity for most migrants analyzed. Nevertheless, we found evidence that fitness benefits may occur from shifts to earlier spring arrival for the multi-brooded Song Sparrow. Our results uniquely demonstrate that co-occurring avian species are phenologically plastic in their response to climate change on their breeding grounds. If migrants continue to show a weaker response to temperatures during migration than breeding, and the window between arrival and optimal breeding shortens further, biological constraints to plasticity may limit the ability of species to adapt successfully to future warming.
28403152	8	27	phenological events	T079	C0023675
28403152	31	51	migratory passerines	T012	C0600537
28403152	59	75	changing climate	T070	C2718051
28403152	80	85	years	T079	C0439234
28403152	93	125	Laurel Highlands of Pennsylvania	T083	C0030853
28403152	126	141	Advanced timing	T079	C0449243
28403152	150	158	seasonal	T079	C0036497
28403152	173	185	reproduction	T039	C0232896
28403152	189	194	birds	T012	C0005595
28403152	213	228	associated with	T080	C0332281
28403152	231	246	warming climate	T070	C0178683
28403152	256	260	bird	T012	C0005595
28403152	261	268	species	T185	C1705920
28403152	270	292	Phenological responses	T079	C0023675
28403152	296	303	climate	T070	C0008946
28403152	318	324	stages	T079	C1306673
28403152	340	346	impact	T080	C4049986
28403152	347	354	fitness	T052	C2349186
28403152	359	367	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28403152	373	380	decades	T081	C2981279
28403152	384	396	banding data	T078	C1511726
28403152	405	419	migratory bird	T012	C0600537
28403152	420	427	species	T185	C1705920
28403152	450	456	spring	T079	C0241232
28403152	457	464	arrival	T052	C1706079
28403152	476	482	timing	T079	C0449243
28403152	486	494	breeding	T040	C0178477
28403152	506	514	interval	T079	C1272706
28403152	523	530	arrival	T052	C1706079
28403152	535	543	breeding	T040	C0178477
28403152	561	571	increasing	T169	C0442808
28403152	572	578	spring	T079	C0241232
28403152	579	591	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28403152	608	615	arrival	T052	C1706079
28403152	616	622	timing	T079	C0449243
28403152	626	634	breeding	T040	C0178477
28403152	635	641	timing	T079	C0449243
28403152	657	675	local productivity	T033	C2015882
28403152	688	695	species	T185	C1705920
28403152	701	731	mid- to long-distance migrants	T012	C0600537
28403152	733	740	hatched	T040	C0598016
28403152	758	763	years	T079	C0439234
28403152	769	777	migrants	T098	C0026093
28403152	778	785	arrived	T052	C1706079
28403152	786	793	earlier	T079	C1279919
28403152	801	817	breeding grounds	T082	C1254362
28403152	824	839	day advancement	T079	C0439228
28403152	846	854	interval	T079	C1272706
28403152	863	870	arrival	T052	C1706079
28403152	874	890	breeding grounds	T082	C1254362
28403152	895	905	appearance	T080	C0700364
28403152	909	918	juveniles	T100	C3146221
28403152	919	928	shortened	T080	C1282927
28403152	941	947	spring	T079	C0241232
28403152	948	960	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28403152	968	975	species	T185	C1705920
28403152	981	985	days	T079	C0439228
28403152	1000	1008	increase	T169	C0442805
28403152	1034	1041	species	T185	C1705920
28403152	1056	1062	decade	T081	C2981279
28403152	1086	1106	migratory passerines	T012	C0600537
28403152	1116	1130	climate change	T070	C2718051
28403152	1134	1140	laying	T040	C1622979
28403152	1141	1153	more quickly	T033	C4036056
28403152	1160	1167	arrival	T033	C0574839
28403152	1171	1179	reducing	T080	C0392756
28403152	1184	1188	time	T079	C0040223
28403152	1194	1200	laying	T040	C1622979
28403152	1244	1250	former	T078	C0750523
28403152	1261	1265	rate	T081	C1521828
28403152	1269	1293	reproductive advancement	T040	C0035150
28403152	1298	1304	higher	T080	C0205250
28403152	1319	1326	arrival	T033	C0574839
28403152	1330	1340	warm years	T070	C0178683
28403152	1342	1348	Timing	T079	C0449243
28403152	1352	1358	spring	T079	C0241232
28403152	1359	1366	arrival	T052	C1706079
28403152	1371	1379	breeding	T040	C0178477
28403152	1390	1394	poor	T080	C0542537
28403152	1395	1405	predictors	T078	C2698872
28403152	1409	1414	avian	T012	C0005595
28403152	1415	1427	productivity	T081	C0033269
28403152	1437	1445	migrants	T012	C0600537
28403152	1446	1454	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28403152	1479	1487	evidence	T078	C3887511
28403152	1493	1500	fitness	T045	C2717777
28403152	1525	1531	shifts	T067	C2347509
28403152	1543	1549	spring	T079	C0241232
28403152	1550	1557	arrival	T052	C1706079
28403152	1566	1592	multi-brooded Song Sparrow	T012	C0326953
28403152	1598	1605	results	T169	C1274040
28403152	1645	1650	avian	T012	C0005595
28403152	1651	1658	species	T185	C1705920
28403152	1663	1685	phenologically plastic	T079	C0023675
28403152	1695	1703	response	T032	C0871261
28403152	1707	1721	climate change	T070	C2718051
28403152	1731	1747	breeding grounds	T082	C1254362
28403152	1752	1760	migrants	T098	C0026093
28403152	1780	1786	weaker	T080	C1762617
28403152	1787	1795	response	T032	C0871261
28403152	1799	1811	temperatures	T081	C0039476
28403152	1834	1842	breeding	T040	C0178477
28403152	1852	1858	window	T079	C1272706
28403152	1867	1874	arrival	T052	C1706079
28403152	1879	1895	optimal breeding	T040	C0178477
28403152	1896	1904	shortens	T080	C1282927
28403152	1940	1950	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28403152	1965	1972	ability	T032	C0085732
28403152	1976	1983	species	T185	C1705920
28403152	2009	2023	future warming	T070	C0687712

28403172|t|A first estimate of the structure and density of the populations of pet cats and dogs across Great Britain
28403172|a|Policy development, implementation, and effective contingency response rely on a strong evidence base to ensure success and cost-effectiveness. Where this includes preventing the establishment or spread of zoonotic or veterinary diseases infecting companion cats and dogs, descriptions of the structure and density of the populations of these pets are useful. Similarly, such descriptions may help in supporting diverse fields of study such as; evidence-based veterinary practice, veterinary epidemiology, public health and ecology. As well as maps of where pets are, estimates of how many may rarely, or never, be seen by veterinarians and might not be appropriately managed in the event of a disease outbreak are also important. Unfortunately both sources of evidence are absent from the scientific and regulatory literatures. We make this first estimate of the structure and density of pet populations by using the most recent national population estimates of cats and dogs across Great Britain and subdividing these spatially, and categorically across ownership classes. For the spatial model we used the location and size of veterinary practises across GB to predict the local density of pets, using client travel time to define catchments around practises, and combined this with residential address data to estimate the rate of ownership. For the estimates of pets which may provoke problems in managing a veterinary or zoonotic disease we reviewed the literature and defined a comprehensive suite of ownership classes for cats and dogs, collated estimates of the sub-populations for each ownership class as well as their rates of interaction and produced a coherent scaled description of the structure of the national population. The predicted density of pets varied substantially, with the lowest densities in rural areas, and the highest in the centres of large cities where each species could exceed 2500 animals .km-2. Conversely, the number of pets per household showed the opposite relationship. Both qualitative and quantitative validation support key assumptions in the model structure and suggest the model is useful at predicting the populations of cats at geographical scales important for decision-making, although it also indicates where further research may improve model performance. In the event of an animal health crisis, it appears that almost all dogs could be brought under control rapidly. For cats, a substantial and unknown number might never be bought under control and would be less likely to receive veterinary support to facilitate surveillance and disease management; we estimate this to be at least 1.5 million cats. In addition, the lack of spare capacity to care for unowned cats in welfare organisations suggests that any increase in their rate of acquisition of cats, or any decrease in the rate of re-homing might provoke problems during a period of crisis.
28403172	8	16	estimate	T080	C0332232
28403172	24	33	structure	T082	C0678594
28403172	38	64	density of the populations	T081	C0032665
28403172	68	71	pet	T008	C0031268
28403172	72	76	cats	T015	C0007450
28403172	81	85	dogs	T015	C0012984
28403172	93	106	Great Britain	T083	C0018223
28403172	107	125	Policy development	T064	C0242440
28403172	127	141	implementation	T052	C1708476
28403172	147	156	effective	T080	C1704419
28403172	157	168	contingency	T080	C1701901
28403172	169	177	response	T032	C0871261
28403172	188	203	strong evidence	T078	C3887511
28403172	204	208	base	T078	C1705938
28403172	219	226	success	T054	C0597535
28403172	231	249	cost-effectiveness	T081	C0010181
28403172	286	299	establishment	T169	C0205245
28403172	303	309	spread	T080	C0332261
28403172	313	321	zoonotic	T047	C0043528
28403172	325	335	veterinary	T080	C0042614
28403172	336	344	diseases	T047	C0012634
28403172	345	354	infecting	T046	C3714514
28403172	355	364	companion	T098	C0335343
28403172	365	369	cats	T015	C0007450
28403172	374	378	dogs	T015	C0012984
28403172	400	409	structure	T082	C0678594
28403172	414	440	density of the populations	T081	C0032665
28403172	450	454	pets	T008	C0031268
28403172	483	495	descriptions	T170	C0678257
28403172	519	533	diverse fields	T077	C1521738
28403172	537	542	study	T062	C2603343
28403172	552	586	evidence-based veterinary practice	T169	C1510541
28403172	588	598	veterinary	T080	C0042614
28403172	599	611	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28403172	613	626	public health	T058	C0034024
28403172	631	638	ecology	T090	C0596094
28403172	651	655	maps	T073	C0024779
28403172	665	669	pets	T008	C0031268
28403172	675	684	estimates	T080	C0332232
28403172	701	707	rarely	T080	C0522498
28403172	712	717	never	T079	C2003901
28403172	730	743	veterinarians	T097	C0242856
28403172	790	795	event	T051	C0441471
28403172	801	817	disease outbreak	T067	C0012652
28403172	827	836	important	T080	C3898777
28403172	857	864	sources	T081	C0011001
28403172	868	876	evidence	T078	C3887511
28403172	881	887	absent	T169	C0332197
28403172	897	907	scientific	T170	C1704324
28403172	912	922	regulatory	T089	C0220905
28403172	923	934	literatures	T170	C0023866
28403172	955	963	estimate	T080	C0332232
28403172	971	980	structure	T082	C0678594
28403172	985	1011	density of pet populations	T081	C0032665
28403172	1037	1045	national	T082	C0681788
28403172	1046	1066	population estimates	T081	C0032685
28403172	1070	1074	cats	T015	C0007450
28403172	1079	1083	dogs	T015	C0012984
28403172	1091	1104	Great Britain	T083	C0018223
28403172	1127	1136	spatially	T082	C2348232
28403172	1142	1155	categorically	T170	C0683312
28403172	1163	1180	ownership classes	T033	C0557147
28403172	1190	1203	spatial model	T170	C3161035
28403172	1216	1224	location	T082	C0450429
28403172	1229	1233	size	T082	C0456389
28403172	1237	1257	veterinary practises	T058	C3850162
28403172	1265	1267	GB	T083	C0018223
28403172	1283	1288	local	T082	C0205276
28403172	1289	1296	density	T081	C0178587
28403172	1300	1304	pets	T008	C0031268
28403172	1312	1318	client	T096	C0008942
28403172	1319	1330	travel time	T079	C0040223
28403172	1359	1368	practises	T058	C3850162
28403172	1393	1417	residential address data	T078	C1552677
28403172	1421	1429	estimate	T080	C0332232
28403172	1434	1438	rate	T081	C1521828
28403172	1442	1451	ownership	T033	C0557147
28403172	1461	1470	estimates	T080	C0332232
28403172	1474	1478	pets	T008	C0031268
28403172	1497	1505	problems	T033	C0033213
28403172	1520	1530	veterinary	T080	C0042614
28403172	1534	1550	zoonotic disease	T047	C0043528
28403172	1567	1577	literature	T170	C0023866
28403172	1592	1611	comprehensive suite	T080	C1880156
28403172	1615	1632	ownership classes	T033	C0557147
28403172	1637	1641	cats	T015	C0007450
28403172	1646	1650	dogs	T015	C0012984
28403172	1661	1670	estimates	T080	C0332232
28403172	1678	1693	sub-populations	T081	C0032659
28403172	1703	1718	ownership class	T033	C0557147
28403172	1736	1741	rates	T081	C1521828
28403172	1745	1756	interaction	T169	C1704675
28403172	1761	1769	produced	T169	C0678227
28403172	1772	1780	coherent	T033	C4068804
28403172	1781	1799	scaled description	T170	C0678257
28403172	1807	1816	structure	T082	C0678594
28403172	1824	1832	national	T082	C0681788
28403172	1833	1843	population	T081	C0032659
28403172	1849	1866	predicted density	T081	C0178587
28403172	1870	1874	pets	T008	C0031268
28403172	1906	1922	lowest densities	T081	C0178587
28403172	1926	1937	rural areas	T082	C0178837
28403172	1947	1954	highest	T080	C1522410
28403172	1962	1969	centres	T082	C0205099
28403172	1973	1985	large cities	T083	C0008848
28403172	1997	2004	species	T185	C1705920
28403172	2023	2030	animals	T008	C0003062
28403172	2064	2068	pets	T008	C0031268
28403172	2073	2082	household	T099	C0020052
28403172	2094	2102	opposite	T082	C1521805
28403172	2103	2115	relationship	T080	C0439849
28403172	2122	2133	qualitative	T080	C0205556
28403172	2138	2150	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28403172	2151	2161	validation	T062	C1519941
28403172	2193	2198	model	T170	C3161035
28403172	2199	2208	structure	T082	C0678594
28403172	2225	2230	model	T170	C3161035
28403172	2244	2254	predicting	T078	C0681842
28403172	2259	2270	populations	T081	C0032659
28403172	2274	2278	cats	T015	C0007450
28403172	2282	2294	geographical	T082	C1517526
28403172	2295	2301	scales	T170	C0349674
28403172	2302	2311	important	T080	C3898777
28403172	2316	2331	decision-making	T041	C0011109
28403172	2374	2382	research	T062	C0035168
28403172	2387	2394	improve	T033	C0184511
28403172	2395	2400	model	T170	C3161035
28403172	2401	2412	performance	T052	C1882330
28403172	2421	2426	event	T051	C0441471
28403172	2433	2446	animal health	T047	C3534575
28403172	2447	2453	crisis	T033	C0231224
28403172	2482	2486	dogs	T015	C0012984
28403172	2510	2517	control	T080	C0243148
28403172	2531	2535	cats	T015	C0007450
28403172	2598	2605	control	T080	C0243148
28403172	2642	2652	veterinary	T080	C0042614
28403172	2653	2660	support	T077	C1521721
28403172	2675	2687	surveillance	T169	C0220920
28403172	2692	2710	disease management	T058	C0376636
28403172	2715	2723	estimate	T080	C0332232
28403172	2748	2755	million	T081	C1881839
28403172	2756	2760	cats	T015	C0007450
28403172	2779	2783	lack	T080	C0332268
28403172	2787	2801	spare capacity	T081	C1516240
28403172	2805	2809	care	T052	C1947933
28403172	2822	2826	cats	T015	C0007450
28403172	2830	2837	welfare	T052	C0003061
28403172	2838	2851	organisations	T057	C0029238
28403172	2870	2878	increase	T169	C0442805
28403172	2888	2892	rate	T081	C1521828
28403172	2896	2907	acquisition	T052	C1706701
28403172	2911	2915	cats	T015	C0007450
28403172	2924	2932	decrease	T081	C0547047
28403172	2940	2944	rate	T081	C1521828
28403172	2972	2980	problems	T033	C0033213
28403172	2990	2996	period	T079	C1948053
28403172	3000	3006	crisis	T033	C0231224

28403239|t|Simulated blast overpressure induces specific astrocyte injury in an ex vivo brain slice model
28403239|a|Exposure to explosive blasts can produce functional debilitation in the absence of brain pathology detectable at the scale of current diagnostic imaging. Transient (ms) overpressure components of the primary blast wave are considered to be potentially damaging to the brain. Astrocytes participate in neuronal metabolic maintenance, blood-brain barrier, regulation of homeostatic environment, and tissue remodeling. Damage to astrocytes via direct physical forces has the potential to disrupt local and global functioning of neuronal tissue. Using an ex vivo brain slice model, we tested the hypothesis that viable astrocytes within the slice could be injured simply by transit of a single blast wave consisting of overpressure alone. A polymer split Hopkinson pressure bar (PSHPB) system was adapted to impart a single positive pressure transient with a comparable magnitude to those that might be present inside the head. A custom built test chamber housing the brain tissue slice incorporated revised design elements to reduce fluid space and promote transit of a uniform planar waveform. Confocal microscopy, stereology, and morphometry of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity revealed that two distinct astrocyte injury profiles were identified across a 4 hr post - test survival interval: (a) presumed conventional astrogliosis characterized by enhanced GFAP immunofluorescence intensity without significant change in tissue area fraction and (b) a process comparable to clasmatodendrosis, an autophagic degradation of distal processes that has not been previously associated with blast induced neurotrauma. Analysis of astrocyte branching revealed early, sustained, and progressive differences distinct from the effects of slice incubation absent overpressure testing. Astrocyte vulnerability to overpressure transients indicates a potential for significant involvement in brain blast pathology and emergent dysfunction. The testing platform can isolate overpressure injury phenomena to provide novel insight on physical and biological mechanisms.
28403239	10	28	blast overpressure	T067	C0563292
28403239	46	55	astrocyte	T025	C0004112
28403239	56	62	injury	T037	C0178314
28403239	69	76	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28403239	77	94	brain slice model	T031	C1292690
28403239	95	106	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
28403239	107	123	explosive blasts	T070	C0337026
28403239	128	135	produce	T169	C0678227
28403239	136	146	functional	T169	C0205245
28403239	147	159	debilitation	T033	C0742985
28403239	167	174	absence	T169	C0332197
28403239	178	193	brain pathology	T046	C0006119
28403239	194	204	detectable	T201	C3830527
28403239	221	228	current	T079	C0521116
28403239	229	247	diagnostic imaging	T060	C0011923
28403239	249	263	Transient (ms)	T079	C0205374
28403239	264	276	overpressure	T169	C1306345
28403239	295	302	primary	T080	C0205225
28403239	303	313	blast wave	T070	C0337026
28403239	318	328	considered	T078	C0750591
28403239	335	346	potentially	T080	C3245505
28403239	347	355	damaging	T169	C1883709
28403239	363	368	brain	T023	C0006104
28403239	370	380	Astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28403239	381	392	participate	T052	C0441655
28403239	396	404	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28403239	405	414	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28403239	415	426	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28403239	428	447	blood-brain barrier	T042	C1305865
28403239	449	459	regulation	T038	C1327622
28403239	463	486	homeostatic environment	T038	C0019868
28403239	492	509	tissue remodeling	T038	C1820201
28403239	511	517	Damage	T169	C1883709
28403239	521	531	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28403239	543	558	physical forces	T070	C0336996
28403239	567	576	potential	T080	C3245505
28403239	580	587	disrupt	T080	C0332454
28403239	588	593	local	T082	C0205276
28403239	598	604	global	T080	C2348867
28403239	605	616	functioning	T169	C0205245
28403239	620	635	neuronal tissue	T024	C0027757
28403239	646	653	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28403239	654	671	brain slice model	T031	C1292690
28403239	687	697	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28403239	703	709	viable	T080	C0443348
28403239	710	720	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28403239	732	737	slice	T031	C1292690
28403239	747	754	injured	T169	C0332664
28403239	765	772	transit	T169	C1301827
28403239	785	795	blast wave	T070	C0337026
28403239	810	822	overpressure	T169	C1306345
28403239	832	883	polymer split Hopkinson pressure bar (PSHPB) system	T081	C0555873
28403239	915	923	positive	T033	C1446409
28403239	924	932	pressure	T169	C1306345
28403239	933	942	transient	T079	C0205374
28403239	961	970	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28403239	994	1001	present	T033	C0150312
28403239	1002	1008	inside	T082	C0205102
28403239	1013	1017	head	T029	C0018670
28403239	1059	1077	brain tissue slice	T024	C1292699
28403239	1118	1124	reduce	T080	C0392756
28403239	1141	1148	promote	T052	C0033414
28403239	1149	1156	transit	T169	C1301827
28403239	1162	1169	uniform	T080	C0205375
28403239	1170	1185	planar waveform	T070	C0450448
28403239	1187	1206	Confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
28403239	1208	1218	stereology	T059	C0022885
28403239	1224	1235	morphometry	T059	C0200760
28403239	1239	1270	glial fibrillary acidic protein	T116,T123	C0017626
28403239	1272	1276	GFAP	T116,T123	C0017626
28403239	1278	1294	immunoreactivity	T044	C0597879
28403239	1322	1331	astrocyte	T025	C0004112
28403239	1332	1338	injury	T037	C0178314
28403239	1339	1347	profiles	T169	C2003903
28403239	1353	1363	identified	T080	C0205396
28403239	1378	1382	post	T079	C0687676
28403239	1385	1389	test	T169	C0039593
28403239	1390	1398	survival	T042	C0040297
28403239	1399	1407	interval	T079	C1272706
28403239	1435	1447	astrogliosis	T046	C3887640
28403239	1448	1461	characterized	T052	C1880022
28403239	1465	1473	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28403239	1474	1478	GFAP	T116,T123	C0017626
28403239	1479	1507	immunofluorescence intensity	T081	C0392762
28403239	1516	1527	significant	T078	C0750502
28403239	1528	1534	change	T169	C0392747
28403239	1538	1544	tissue	T024	C0040300
28403239	1577	1587	comparable	T052	C1707455
28403239	1591	1608	clasmatodendrosis	T049	C0545020
28403239	1613	1635	autophagic degradation	T043	C0004391
28403239	1639	1655	distal processes	T043	C1325880
28403239	1685	1700	associated with	T080	C0332281
28403239	1701	1706	blast	T070	C0337026
28403239	1715	1726	neurotrauma	T037	C0751792
28403239	1728	1736	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28403239	1740	1749	astrocyte	T025	C0004112
28403239	1750	1759	branching	T082	C0205384
28403239	1760	1768	revealed	T080	C0443289
28403239	1776	1785	sustained	T169	C0443318
28403239	1791	1802	progressive	T169	C0205329
28403239	1803	1814	differences	T080	C1705242
28403239	1833	1843	effects of	T080	C1704420
28403239	1844	1849	slice	T031	C1292690
28403239	1850	1860	incubation	T059	C0022885
28403239	1868	1880	overpressure	T169	C1306345
28403239	1881	1888	testing	T169	C0039593
28403239	1890	1899	Astrocyte	T025	C0004112
28403239	1900	1913	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28403239	1917	1929	overpressure	T169	C1306345
28403239	1930	1940	transients	T079	C0205374
28403239	1953	1962	potential	T080	C3245505
28403239	1967	1978	significant	T078	C0750502
28403239	1979	1990	involvement	T169	C1314939
28403239	1994	1999	brain	T023	C0006104
28403239	2000	2005	blast	T070	C0337026
28403239	2006	2015	pathology	T046	C0006119
28403239	2020	2028	emergent	T078	C0750573
28403239	2029	2040	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28403239	2046	2053	testing	T169	C0039593
28403239	2075	2087	overpressure	T169	C1306345
28403239	2088	2094	injury	T037	C0178314
28403239	2095	2104	phenomena	T067	C1882365
28403239	2133	2141	physical	T169	C0205485
28403239	2146	2156	biological	T080	C0205460
28403239	2157	2167	mechanisms	T169	C0441712

28403387|t|Skin Conductance Responses and Neural Activations During Fear Conditioning and Extinction Recall Across Anxiety Disorders
28403387|a|The fear conditioning and extinction neurocircuitry has been extensively studied in healthy and clinical populations, with a particular focus on posttraumatic stress disorder. Despite significant overlap of symptoms between posttraumatic stress disorder and anxiety disorders, the latter has received less attention. Given that dysregulated fear levels characterize anxiety disorders, examining the neural correlates of fear and extinction learning may shed light on the pathogenesis of underlying anxiety disorders. To investigate the psychophysiological and neural correlates of fear conditioning and extinction recall in anxiety disorders and to document how these features differ as a function of multiple diagnoses or anxiety severity. This investigation was a cross-sectional, case-control, functional magnetic resonance imaging study at an academic medical center. Participants were healthy controls and individuals with at least 1 of the following anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and panic disorder. The study dates were between March 2013 and May 2015. Two-day fear conditioning and extinction paradigm. Skin conductance responses, blood oxygenation level-dependent responses, trait anxiety scores from the State Trait Anxiety Inventory - Trait Form, and functiona l connectivity. This study included 21 healthy controls (10 women) and 61 individuals with anxiety disorders (36 women). P values reported for the neuroimaging results are all familywise error corrected. Skin conductance responses during extinction recall did not differ between individuals with anxiety disorders and healthy controls (ηp2 = 0.001, P = .79), where ηp2 is partial eta squared. The anxiety group had lower activation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) during extinction recall (ηp2 = 0.178, P = .02). A similar hypoactive pattern was found during early conditioning (ηp2 = 0.106, P = .009). The vmPFC hypoactivation was associated with anxiety symptom severity (r = -0.420, P = .01 for conditioning and r = -0.464, P = .004 for extinction recall) and the number of co-occuring anxiety disorders diagnosed (ηp2 = 0.137, P = .009 for conditioning and ηp2 = 0.227, P = .004 for extinction recall). Psychophysiological interaction analyses revealed that the fear network connectivity differed between healthy controls and the anxiety group during fear learning (ηp2 range between 0.088 and 0.176 and P range between 0.02 and 0.003) and extinction recall (ηp2 range between 0.111 and 0.235 and P range between 0.02 and 0.002). Despite no skin conductance response group differences during extinction recall, brain activation patterns between anxious and healthy individuals differed. These findings encourage future studies to examine the conditions longitudinally and in the context of treatment trials to improve and guide therapeutics via advanced neurobiological understanding of each disorder.
28403387	0	16	Skin Conductance	T042	C0814024
28403387	17	26	Responses	T032	C0871261
28403387	31	37	Neural	T169	C3714606
28403387	38	49	Activations	T052	C1879547
28403387	57	61	Fear	T041	C0015726
28403387	62	74	Conditioning	T041	C0009647
28403387	79	89	Extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	90	96	Recall	T041	C0034770
28403387	104	121	Anxiety Disorders	T048	C0003469
28403387	126	130	fear	T041	C0015726
28403387	131	143	conditioning	T041	C0009647
28403387	148	158	extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	159	173	neurocircuitry	T062,T170	C0596723
28403387	183	194	extensively	T080	C0205231
28403387	195	202	studied	T062	C2603343
28403387	206	213	healthy	T080	C3898900
28403387	218	226	clinical	T080	C0205210
28403387	227	238	populations	T098	C1257890
28403387	247	263	particular focus	T082	C0205234
28403387	267	296	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
28403387	306	317	significant	T078	C0750502
28403387	318	325	overlap	T079	C1948020
28403387	329	337	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28403387	346	375	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
28403387	380	397	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28403387	414	422	received	T080	C1514756
28403387	423	427	less	T081	C0439092
28403387	428	437	attention	T041	C0004268
28403387	463	467	fear	T041	C0015726
28403387	468	474	levels	T080	C0441889
28403387	475	487	characterize	T052	C1880022
28403387	488	505	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28403387	507	516	examining	T058	C0582103
28403387	521	527	neural	T169	C3714606
28403387	528	538	correlates	T080	C1707520
28403387	542	546	fear	T041	C0015726
28403387	551	561	extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	562	570	learning	T041	C0023185
28403387	593	605	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28403387	620	637	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28403387	642	653	investigate	T169	C1292732
28403387	658	677	psychophysiological	T041	C0018467
28403387	682	688	neural	T169	C3714606
28403387	689	699	correlates	T080	C1707520
28403387	703	707	fear	T041	C0015726
28403387	708	720	conditioning	T041	C0009647
28403387	725	735	extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	736	742	recall	T041	C0034770
28403387	746	763	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28403387	771	779	document	T170	C1301746
28403387	790	798	features	T080	C2348519
28403387	811	819	function	T169	C0542341
28403387	823	831	multiple	T081	C0439064
28403387	832	841	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28403387	845	852	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28403387	853	861	severity	T080	C0439793
28403387	868	881	investigation	T058	C0220825
28403387	888	903	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
28403387	905	917	case-control	T058	C0872128
28403387	919	956	functional magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0376335
28403387	957	962	study	T062	C2603343
28403387	969	992	academic medical center	T073,T093	C0000872
28403387	994	1006	Participants	T098	C0679646
28403387	1012	1019	healthy	T080	C3898900
28403387	1020	1028	controls	T096	C0009932
28403387	1033	1044	individuals	T098	C0237401
28403387	1068	1077	following	T079	C0332282
28403387	1078	1095	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28403387	1097	1125	generalized anxiety disorder	T048	C0270549
28403387	1127	1150	social anxiety disorder	T048	C4237417
28403387	1152	1167	specific phobia	T048	C0236801
28403387	1173	1187	panic disorder	T048	C0030319
28403387	1193	1198	study	T062	C2603343
28403387	1199	1204	dates	T079	C0011008
28403387	1251	1255	fear	T041	C0015726
28403387	1256	1268	conditioning	T041	C0009647
28403387	1273	1283	extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	1284	1292	paradigm	T062	C0681797
28403387	1294	1310	Skin conductance	T042	C0814024
28403387	1311	1320	responses	T032	C0871261
28403387	1322	1355	blood oxygenation level-dependent	T042	C1655730
28403387	1356	1365	responses	T032	C0871261
28403387	1367	1372	trait	T032	C0599883
28403387	1373	1387	anxiety scores	T033	C3483978
28403387	1397	1426	State Trait Anxiety Inventory	T060,T170	C0683457
28403387	1429	1434	Trait	T032	C0599883
28403387	1435	1439	Form	T080	C0348078
28403387	1445	1454	functiona	T169	C0542341
28403387	1457	1469	connectivity	T169	C1707489
28403387	1476	1481	study	T062	C2603343
28403387	1482	1490	included	T052	C2700399
28403387	1494	1501	healthy	T080	C3898900
28403387	1502	1510	controls	T096	C0009932
28403387	1515	1520	women	T098	C0043210
28403387	1529	1540	individuals	T098	C0237401
28403387	1546	1563	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28403387	1568	1573	women	T098	C0043210
28403387	1576	1584	P values	T081	C1709380
28403387	1585	1593	reported	T058	C0700287
28403387	1602	1614	neuroimaging	T060	C0679575
28403387	1615	1622	results	T034	C0456984
28403387	1631	1641	familywise	T099	C0015576
28403387	1642	1647	error	T080	C0743559
28403387	1648	1657	corrected	T080	C0205202
28403387	1659	1675	Skin conductance	T042	C0814024
28403387	1676	1685	responses	T032	C0871261
28403387	1693	1703	extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	1704	1710	recall	T041	C0034770
28403387	1734	1745	individuals	T098	C0237401
28403387	1751	1768	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28403387	1773	1780	healthy	T080	C3898900
28403387	1781	1789	controls	T096	C0009932
28403387	1791	1794	ηp2	T081	C0392762
28403387	1820	1823	ηp2	T081	C0392762
28403387	1827	1846	partial eta squared	T081	C0392762
28403387	1852	1859	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28403387	1860	1865	group	T098	C1257890
28403387	1870	1875	lower	T080	C0205251
28403387	1876	1886	activation	T052	C1879547
28403387	1894	1924	ventromedial prefrontal cortex	T023	C3850122
28403387	1926	1931	vmPFC	T023	C3850122
28403387	1940	1950	extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	1951	1957	recall	T041	C0034770
28403387	1959	1962	ηp2	T081	C0392762
28403387	1992	2002	hypoactive	T033	C0086439
28403387	2003	2010	pattern	T082	C0449774
28403387	2028	2033	early	T079	C1279919
28403387	2034	2046	conditioning	T041	C0009647
28403387	2048	2051	ηp2	T081	C0392762
28403387	2076	2081	vmPFC	T023	C3850122
28403387	2082	2096	hypoactivation	T052	C1879547
28403387	2101	2116	associated with	T080	C0332281
28403387	2117	2132	anxiety symptom	T033	C0860603
28403387	2133	2141	severity	T080	C0439793
28403387	2167	2179	conditioning	T041	C0009647
28403387	2209	2219	extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	2220	2226	recall	T041	C0034770
28403387	2236	2242	number	T081	C0237753
28403387	2246	2257	co-occuring	T052	C1709305
28403387	2258	2275	anxiety disorders	T048	C0003469
28403387	2276	2285	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28403387	2287	2290	ηp2	T081	C0392762
28403387	2313	2325	conditioning	T041	C0009647
28403387	2330	2333	ηp2	T081	C0392762
28403387	2356	2366	extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	2367	2373	recall	T041	C0034770
28403387	2376	2395	Psychophysiological	T041	C0018467
28403387	2396	2416	interaction analyses	T081	C0237688
28403387	2417	2425	revealed	T080	C0443289
28403387	2435	2439	fear	T041	C0015726
28403387	2440	2460	network connectivity	T040	C0598941
28403387	2478	2485	healthy	T080	C3898900
28403387	2486	2494	controls	T096	C0009932
28403387	2503	2510	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28403387	2511	2516	group	T098	C1257890
28403387	2524	2528	fear	T041	C0015726
28403387	2529	2537	learning	T041	C0023185
28403387	2539	2542	ηp2	T081	C0392762
28403387	2543	2548	range	T081	C1514721
28403387	2577	2578	P	T081	C1709380
28403387	2579	2584	range	T081	C1514721
28403387	2613	2623	extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	2624	2630	recall	T041	C0034770
28403387	2632	2635	ηp2	T081	C0392762
28403387	2636	2641	range	T081	C1514721
28403387	2670	2671	P	T081	C1709380
28403387	2672	2677	range	T081	C1514721
28403387	2714	2730	skin conductance	T042	C0814024
28403387	2731	2739	response	T032	C0871261
28403387	2740	2745	group	T098	C1257890
28403387	2746	2757	differences	T081	C1705241
28403387	2765	2775	extinction	T041	C0015347
28403387	2776	2782	recall	T041	C0034770
28403387	2784	2789	brain	T023	C0006104
28403387	2790	2800	activation	T052	C1879547
28403387	2801	2809	patterns	T082	C0449774
28403387	2818	2825	anxious	T048	C0849801
28403387	2830	2837	healthy	T080	C3898900
28403387	2838	2849	individuals	T098	C0237401
28403387	2866	2874	findings	T033	C0243095
28403387	2885	2891	future	T079	C0016884
28403387	2892	2899	studies	T062	C2603343
28403387	2903	2910	examine	T058	C0582103
28403387	2915	2925	conditions	T080	C0348080
28403387	2926	2940	longitudinally	T062	C0023981
28403387	2952	2959	context	T078	C0449255
28403387	2963	2979	treatment trials	T062	C0008976
28403387	2983	2990	improve	T033	C0184511
28403387	2995	3013	guide therapeutics	T061	C1562629
28403387	3018	3026	advanced	T080	C0205179
28403387	3027	3042	neurobiological	T091	C0027817
28403387	3043	3056	understanding	T041	C0162340
28403387	3065	3073	disorder	T047	C0012634

28403406|t|Comparison of effectiveness of two commonly used two-handed mask ventilation techniques on unconscious apnoeic obese adults
28403406|a|Mask ventilation and tracheal intubation are basic techniques for airway management and mutually inclusive rescue measures to restore ventilation. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mask ventilation between two commonly used techniques of two-handed mask ventilation in obese unconscious apnoeic adults. Eighty-one obese adults received mask ventilation after induction using C-E clamp and modified V-E clamp techniques in a randomized crossover manner. Mechanical ventilation was provided using a pressure-control mode, at a rate of 10 bpm, with an inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio of 1:2 and a pre-set plateau airway pressure of 20 cm H 2 O. The primary outcome was expired tidal volume. The BMI for the subjects was 37 (sd 4.9) kg m -2. The failure rates for mask ventilation (tidal volume ≤ anatomical dead space) were 44% for the C-E technique and 0% for the V-E technique (P <0.001). Tidal volume was significantly lower for the C-E than the V-E technique [371 (sd 345) vs 720 (244) ml, P <0.001]. The peak airway pressures were 21 (sd 1.5) cm H 2 O for the C-E technique and 21 (1.3) cm H 2 O for the V-E technique. Mask ventilation using the modified V-E technique is more effective than with the C-E technique in unconscious obese apnoeic adults. Subjects who fail ventilation with the C-E technique can be ventilated effectively with the V-E technique. NCT02580526.
28403406	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28403406	14	27	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28403406	49	76	two-handed mask ventilation	T061	C0035205
28403406	77	87	techniques	T169	C0449851
28403406	91	102	unconscious	T033	C0041657
28403406	103	110	apnoeic	T046	C0003578
28403406	111	116	obese	T047	C0028754
28403406	117	123	adults	T100	C0001675
28403406	124	140	Mask ventilation	T061	C0035205
28403406	145	164	tracheal intubation	T061	C0021932
28403406	175	185	techniques	T169	C0449851
28403406	190	207	airway management	T061	C0150126
28403406	231	237	rescue	T057	C0242857
28403406	250	257	restore	T061	C1283255
28403406	258	269	ventilation	T039	C0035203
28403406	275	278	aim	T078	C1947946
28403406	287	292	study	T062	C2603343
28403406	312	325	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28403406	329	345	mask ventilation	T061	C0035205
28403406	372	382	techniques	T169	C0449851
28403406	386	413	two-handed mask ventilation	T061	C0035205
28403406	417	422	obese	T047	C0028754
28403406	423	434	unconscious	T033	C0041657
28403406	435	442	apnoeic	T046	C0003578
28403406	443	449	adults	T100	C0001675
28403406	462	467	obese	T047	C0028754
28403406	468	474	adults	T100	C0001675
28403406	484	500	mask ventilation	T061	C0035205
28403406	523	532	C-E clamp	T061	C0087111
28403406	537	566	modified V-E clamp techniques	T061	C0087111
28403406	601	623	Mechanical ventilation	T061	C0035205
28403406	645	666	pressure-control mode	T080	C0205556
28403406	673	677	rate	T081	C1521828
28403406	697	733	inspiratory-to-expiratory time ratio	T081	C0428689
28403406	755	778	plateau airway pressure	T034	C3697386
28403406	819	839	expired tidal volume	T033	C3698222
28403406	827	839	tidal volume	T034	C0040210
28403406	845	848	BMI	T201	C1305855
28403406	857	865	subjects	T096	C0681850
28403406	895	902	failure	T169	C0231174
28403406	903	908	rates	T081	C1521828
28403406	913	929	mask ventilation	T061	C0035205
28403406	931	943	tidal volume	T034	C0040210
28403406	946	967	anatomical dead space	T033	C0231974
28403406	986	999	C-E technique	T061	C0087111
28403406	1015	1028	V-E technique	T061	C0087111
28403406	1041	1053	Tidal volume	T034	C0040210
28403406	1086	1089	C-E	T061	C0087111
28403406	1099	1112	V-E technique	T061	C0087111
28403406	1159	1180	peak airway pressures	T033	C0232021
28403406	1215	1228	C-E technique	T061	C0087111
28403406	1259	1272	V-E technique	T061	C0087111
28403406	1274	1290	Mask ventilation	T061	C0035205
28403406	1301	1323	modified V-E technique	T061	C0087111
28403406	1332	1341	effective	T080	C1704419
28403406	1356	1369	C-E technique	T061	C0087111
28403406	1373	1384	unconscious	T033	C0041657
28403406	1385	1390	obese	T047	C0028754
28403406	1391	1398	apnoeic	T046	C0003578
28403406	1399	1405	adults	T100	C0001675
28403406	1407	1415	Subjects	T096	C0681850
28403406	1420	1424	fail	T169	C0231175
28403406	1425	1436	ventilation	T061	C0035205
28403406	1446	1459	C-E technique	T061	C0087111
28403406	1467	1477	ventilated	T169	C0231923
28403406	1478	1489	effectively	T080	C1704419
28403406	1499	1512	V-E technique	T061	C0087111

28404091|t|Tenofovir alafenamide versus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for the treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority trial
28404091|a|Tenofovir alafenamide is a novel prodrug formulated to deliver the active metabolite to target cells more efficiently than tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at a lower dose, thereby reducing systemic exposure. In patients with HIV, tenofovir alafenamide was as efficacious as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, with reduced bone and renal toxic effects. We compared the efficacy and safety of the two drugs in patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in a non-inferiority study. We did this ongoing double-blind, non-inferiority study in 161 outpatient centres in 19 countries. Patients with chronic HBV infection who were positive for the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were randomly assigned (2:1) to receive either 25 mg tenofovir alafenamide or 300 mg tenofovir disoproxil fumarate with matching placebo. Randomisation was done by a computer - generated allocation sequence (block size six) stratified by plasma HBV DNA concentration and previous treatment experience. The primary efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with HBV DNA less than 29 IU/mL at week 48 in all patients who were randomly assigned and received at least one dose of study drug using a missing-equals-failed approach. The pre-specified non-inferiority margin was 10%. Key prespecified safety endpoints were bone and renal parameters at week 48. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01940471. Of the 1473 patients screened from Sept 11, 2013, to Dec 20, 2014, 875 eligible patients were randomly assigned and 873 received treatment (581 with tenofovir alafenamide and 292 with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate). 371 (64%) patients receiving tenofovir alafenamide had HBV DNA less than 29 IU/mL at week 48, which was non-inferior to the 195 (67%) of patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate who had HBV DNA less than 29 IU/mL (adjusted difference -3·6% [95% CI -9·8 to 2·6]; p =0·25). Patients given tenofovir alafenamide had a significantly smaller decrease in bone mineral density at hip (mean change -0·10% [95% CI -0·29 to 0·09] vs -1·72% [-2·02 to -1·41]; adjusted difference 1·62 [1·27 to 1·96]; p <0·0001) and at spine (mean change -0·42% [-0·66 to -0·17] vs -2·29% [-2·67 to -1·92]; adjusted difference 1·88 [1·44 to 2·31]; p <0·0001) as well as smaller mean increases in serum creatinine at week 48 (0·01 mg/dL [0·00-0·02] vs 0·03 mg/dL [0·02-0·04]; p =0·02). The most common adverse events overall were upper respiratory tract infection (51 [9%] of 581 patients receiving tenofovir alafenamide vs 22 [8%] of 292 patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate), nasopharyngitis (56 [10%] vs 16 [5%]), and headache (42 [7%] vs 22 [8%]). 22 (4%) patients receiving tenofovir alafenamide and 12 (4%) patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate experienced serious adverse events, none of which was deemed by the investigator to be related to study treatment. 187 (32%) of 581 patients in the tenofovir alafenamide group and 96 (33%) of 292 patients in the tenofovir disoproxil fumarate group had grade 3 or 4 laboratory abnormalities, the most common of which were elevations in ALT (62 [11%] of 577 patients receiving tenofovir alafenamide and 36 [13%] of 288 patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate) and AST (20 [3%] of 577 patients receiving tenofovir alafenamide and 19 [7%] of 288 patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate). In patients with HBeAg-positive HBV infection, tenofovir alafenamide was non-inferior to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and had improved bone and renal effects. Longer term follow-up is needed to better understand the clinical impact of these changes. Gilead Sciences.
28404091	0	21	Tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	29	58	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	67	76	treatment	T169	C1522326
28404091	80	94	HBeAg-positive	T034	C0392390
28404091	95	130	chronic hepatitis B virus infection	T047	C0524909
28404091	134	144	randomised	T062,T170	C0206034
28404091	146	158	double-blind	T062	C0013072
28404091	160	167	phase 3	T062	C0282461
28404091	169	190	non-inferiority trial	T062	C0008976
28404091	191	212	Tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	218	223	novel	T080	C0205314
28404091	224	231	prodrug	T120	C0033262
28404091	232	242	formulated	T062	C0524527
28404091	246	253	deliver	T169	C1705822
28404091	258	264	active	T169	C0205177
28404091	265	275	metabolite	T123	C0870883
28404091	279	285	target	T169	C1521840
28404091	286	291	cells	T025	C0007634
28404091	297	308	efficiently	T080	C0442799
28404091	314	343	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	349	354	lower	T080	C0205251
28404091	355	359	dose	T081	C0178602
28404091	369	377	reducing	T080	C0392756
28404091	378	386	systemic	T169	C0205373
28404091	387	395	exposure	T080	C0332157
28404091	400	408	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	414	417	HIV	T047	C0019693
28404091	419	440	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	448	459	efficacious	T080	C1704419
28404091	463	492	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	499	506	reduced	T080	C0392756
28404091	507	511	bone	T047	C0948168
28404091	516	527	renal toxic	T046	C0595916
28404091	528	535	effects	T080	C1280500
28404091	540	548	compared	T052	C1707455
28404091	553	561	efficacy	T080	C0598333
28404091	566	572	safety	T080	C0678800
28404091	584	589	drugs	T121	C0013227
28404091	593	601	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	607	621	HBeAg-positive	T034	C0392390
28404091	622	663	chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection	T047	C0524909
28404091	669	690	non-inferiority study	T062	C0008976
28404091	712	724	double-blind	T062	C0013072
28404091	726	747	non-inferiority study	T062	C0008976
28404091	755	765	outpatient	T101	C0029921
28404091	766	773	centres	T093	C1708333
28404091	780	789	countries	T083	C0454664
28404091	791	799	Patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	805	826	chronic HBV infection	T047	C0524909
28404091	836	844	positive	T033	C1514241
28404091	853	874	hepatitis B e antigen	T129	C0019167
28404091	876	881	HBeAg	T129	C0019167
28404091	888	905	randomly assigned	UnknownType	C0814868
28404091	936	957	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	968	997	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	1012	1019	placebo	T061	C0032042
28404091	1021	1034	Randomisation	T062	C0034656
28404091	1049	1057	computer	T073	C0009622
28404091	1060	1069	generated	T052	C3146294
28404091	1070	1089	allocation sequence	T169	C1519249
28404091	1091	1101	block size	T082	C0456389
28404091	1107	1117	stratified	T080	C0205363
28404091	1121	1149	plasma HBV DNA concentration	T059	C3641250
28404091	1154	1183	previous treatment experience	T065	C0510104
28404091	1189	1196	primary	T080	C0205225
28404091	1197	1205	efficacy	T080	C0598333
28404091	1206	1214	endpoint	T080	C2349179
28404091	1223	1233	proportion	T081	C1709707
28404091	1237	1245	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	1251	1263	HBV DNA less	T033	C1262160
28404091	1281	1285	week	T079	C0439230
28404091	1296	1304	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	1314	1331	randomly assigned	UnknownType	C0814868
28404091	1358	1362	dose	T081	C0178602
28404091	1372	1376	drug	T121	C0013227
28404091	1385	1415	missing-equals-failed approach	T170	C0025663
28404091	1421	1434	pre-specified	T080	C2826245
28404091	1435	1457	non-inferiority margin	T082	C0205284
28404091	1471	1483	prespecified	T080	C2826245
28404091	1484	1490	safety	T080	C0678800
28404091	1491	1500	endpoints	T080	C2349179
28404091	1506	1510	bone	T047	C0948168
28404091	1515	1531	renal parameters	UnknownType	C0683582
28404091	1535	1539	week	T079	C0439230
28404091	1549	1554	study	T062	C0008976
28404091	1574	1592	ClinicalTrials.gov	T170	C4086204
28404091	1626	1634	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	1635	1643	screened	T169	C2348582
28404091	1694	1702	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	1708	1725	randomly assigned	UnknownType	C0814868
28404091	1743	1752	treatment	T169	C1522326
28404091	1763	1784	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	1798	1827	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	1840	1848	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	1859	1880	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	1885	1897	HBV DNA less	T033	C1262160
28404091	1915	1919	week	T079	C0439230
28404091	1967	1975	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	1986	2015	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	2024	2036	HBV DNA less	T033	C1262160
28404091	2083	2085	CI	T081	C0009667
28404091	2100	2101	p	T081	C1709380
28404091	2110	2118	Patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	2125	2146	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	2153	2166	significantly	T078	C0750502
28404091	2175	2183	decrease	T081	C0547047
28404091	2187	2207	bone mineral density	T201	C0005938
28404091	2211	2214	hip	T023	C0019552
28404091	2240	2242	CI	T081	C0009667
28404091	2327	2328	p	T081	C1709380
28404091	2345	2350	spine	T023	C0037949
28404091	2457	2458	p	T081	C1709380
28404091	2492	2501	increases	T169	C0442805
28404091	2505	2521	serum creatinine	T033	C0600061
28404091	2525	2529	week	T079	C0439230
28404091	2584	2585	p	T081	C1709380
28404091	2610	2624	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28404091	2638	2671	upper respiratory tract infection	T047	C0041912
28404091	2688	2696	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	2707	2728	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	2747	2755	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	2766	2795	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	2798	2813	nasopharyngitis	T047	C0027441
28404091	2841	2849	headache	T184	C0018681
28404091	2880	2888	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	2899	2920	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	2933	2941	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	2952	2981	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	3002	3016	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28404091	3050	3062	investigator	T097	C0008961
28404091	3080	3095	study treatment	T062	C3161471
28404091	3114	3122	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	3130	3151	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	3152	3157	group	T098	C1257890
28404091	3178	3186	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	3194	3223	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	3224	3229	group	T098	C1257890
28404091	3234	3239	grade	T185	C0441800
28404091	3247	3271	laboratory abnormalities	T034	C1853129
28404091	3303	3313	elevations	T169	C0442805
28404091	3317	3320	ALT	T059	C0201836
28404091	3338	3346	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	3357	3378	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	3399	3407	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	3418	3447	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	3453	3456	AST	T059	C0201899
28404091	3473	3481	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	3492	3513	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	3533	3541	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	3552	3581	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	3587	3595	patients	T101	C0030705
28404091	3601	3615	HBeAg-positive	T034	C0392390
28404091	3616	3629	HBV infection	T047	C0524909
28404091	3631	3652	tenofovir alafenamide	T114,T121	C3713958
28404091	3673	3702	tenofovir disoproxil fumarate	T114,T121	C1099776
28404091	3712	3720	improved	T033	C0184511
28404091	3721	3743	bone and renal effects	T080	C1280500
28404091	3745	3756	Longer term	T079	C0443252
28404091	3757	3766	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28404091	3802	3817	clinical impact	T080	C4049986

28404634|t|Mucosal IgM Antibody with d-Mannose Affinity in Fugu Takifugu rubripes Is Utilized by a Monogenean Parasite Heterobothrium okamotoi for Host Recognition
28404634|a|How parasites recognize their definitive hosts is a mystery; however, parasitism is reportedly initiated by recognition of certain molecules on host surfaces. Fish ectoparasites make initial contact with their hosts at body surfaces, such as skin and gills, which are covered with mucosa that are similar to those of mammalian guts. Fish are among the most primitive vertebrates with immune systems that are equivalent to those in mammals, and they produce and secrete IgM into mucus. In this study, we showed that the monogenean parasite Heterobothrium okamotoi utilizes IgM to recognize its host, fugu Takifugu rubripes Oncomiracidia are infective larvae of H. okamotoi that shed their cilia and metamorphose into juveniles when exposed to purified d-mannose - binding fractions from fugu mucus. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, proteins contained in the fraction were identified as d-mannose -specific IgM with two d-mannose -binding lectins. However, although deciliation was significantly induced by IgM and was inhibited by d-mannose or a specific Ab against fugu IgM, other lectins had no effect, and IgM without d-mannose affinity induced deciliation to a limited degree. Subsequent immunofluorescent staining experiments showed that fugu d-mannose -specific IgM binds ciliated epidermal cells of oncomiracidium. These observations suggest that deciliation is triggered by binding of fugu IgM to cell surface Ags via Ag binding sites. Moreover, concentrations of d-mannose - binding IgM in gill mucus were sufficient to induce deciliation in vitro, indicating that H. okamotoi parasites initially use host Abs to colonize host gills.
28404634	0	7	Mucosal	T024	C0026724
28404634	8	20	IgM Antibody	T116,T129	C1292066
28404634	26	35	d-Mannose	T109,T121	C0024742
28404634	36	44	Affinity	T070	C1510827
28404634	48	70	Fugu Takifugu rubripes	T013	C0949586
28404634	88	98	Monogenean	T204	C0322374
28404634	99	107	Parasite	T204	C0030498
28404634	108	131	Heterobothrium okamotoi	T204	C1499594
28404634	136	152	Host Recognition	T040	C1658611
28404634	157	166	parasites	T204	C0030498
28404634	167	176	recognize	T041	C0524637
28404634	183	193	definitive	T079	C0443196
28404634	194	199	hosts	T001	C1167395
28404634	223	233	parasitism	T070	C0677482
28404634	261	272	recognition	T041	C0524637
28404634	284	293	molecules	T167	C0567416
28404634	297	310	host surfaces	T026	C2752522
28404634	312	316	Fish	T013	C0016163
28404634	317	330	ectoparasites	T204	C0562634
28404634	336	351	initial contact	T033	C1320656
28404634	363	368	hosts	T001	C1167395
28404634	372	385	body surfaces	T032	C0489451
28404634	395	399	skin	T022	C1123023
28404634	404	409	gills	T023	C0017558
28404634	421	428	covered	T169	C0439844
28404634	434	440	mucosa	T024	C0026724
28404634	470	484	mammalian guts	T023	C0699819
28404634	486	490	Fish	T013	C0016163
28404634	510	531	primitive vertebrates	T010	C0042567
28404634	537	551	immune systems	T022	C0020962
28404634	584	591	mammals	T015	C0024660
28404634	614	621	secrete	T038	C0036536
28404634	622	625	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
28404634	631	636	mucus	T031	C0026727
28404634	672	682	monogenean	T204	C0322374
28404634	683	691	parasite	T204	C0030498
28404634	692	715	Heterobothrium okamotoi	T204	C1499594
28404634	725	728	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
28404634	732	741	recognize	UnknownType	C0678894
28404634	746	750	host	T001	C1167395
28404634	752	788	fugu Takifugu rubripes Oncomiracidia	T013	C0949586
28404634	793	809	infective larvae	T204	C0686891
28404634	813	824	H. okamotoi	T204	C1499594
28404634	841	846	cilia	T026	C0008778
28404634	851	863	metamorphose	T040	C0025558
28404634	869	878	juveniles	T100	C3146221
28404634	895	903	purified	T169	C1998793
28404634	904	913	d-mannose	T109,T121	C0024742
28404634	916	923	binding	T052	C1145667
28404634	924	933	fractions	T081	C1264633
28404634	939	943	fugu	T013	C0949586
28404634	939	943	fugu	T013	C0949586
28404634	944	949	mucus	T031	C0026727
28404634	957	1012	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis	T059	C4049918
28404634	1014	1022	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28404634	1040	1048	fraction	T081	C1264633
28404634	1054	1064	identified	T080	C0205396
28404634	1068	1077	d-mannose	T109,T121	C0024742
28404634	1088	1091	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
28404634	1101	1110	d-mannose	T109,T121	C0024742
28404634	1101	1119	d-mannose -binding	T052	C1145667
28404634	1120	1127	lectins	T116,T123	C0023206
28404634	1147	1158	deciliation	T039	C0031843
28404634	1177	1184	induced	T169	C0205263
28404634	1188	1191	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
28404634	1200	1209	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28404634	1213	1222	d-mannose	T109,T121	C0024742
28404634	1237	1239	Ab	T116,T129	C0003241
28404634	1248	1252	fugu	T013	C0949586
28404634	1253	1256	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
28404634	1264	1271	lectins	T116,T123	C0023206
28404634	1276	1285	no effect	T080	C1301751
28404634	1291	1294	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
28404634	1303	1312	d-mannose	T109,T121	C0024742
28404634	1313	1321	affinity	T070	C1510827
28404634	1322	1329	induced	T169	C0205263
28404634	1330	1341	deciliation	T039	C0031843
28404634	1374	1412	immunofluorescent staining experiments	T059	C1318793
28404634	1425	1429	fugu	T013	C0949586
28404634	1430	1439	d-mannose	T109,T121	C0024742
28404634	1450	1453	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
28404634	1454	1459	binds	T052	C1145667
28404634	1460	1484	ciliated epidermal cells	T025	C1179149
28404634	1488	1502	oncomiracidium	T013	C0949586
28404634	1510	1522	observations	T078	C1554188
28404634	1536	1547	deciliation	T039	C0031843
28404634	1551	1563	triggered by	T080	C1444748
28404634	1564	1571	binding	T052	C1145667
28404634	1575	1579	fugu	T013	C0949586
28404634	1580	1583	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
28404634	1587	1603	cell surface Ags	T129	C0003339
28404634	1608	1624	Ag binding sites	T129	C0221114
28404634	1636	1650	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28404634	1654	1663	d-mannose	T109,T121	C0024742
28404634	1666	1673	binding	T052	C1145667
28404634	1674	1677	IgM	T116,T129	C0020861
28404634	1681	1691	gill mucus	T031	C0026727
28404634	1711	1717	induce	T169	C0205263
28404634	1718	1729	deciliation	T039	C0031843
28404634	1730	1738	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28404634	1740	1750	indicating	T078	C3146298
28404634	1756	1777	H. okamotoi parasites	T204	C1499594
28404634	1788	1791	use	T169	C0457083
28404634	1792	1796	host	T001	C1167395
28404634	1797	1800	Abs	T116,T129	C0003241
28404634	1804	1812	colonize	T033	C4289767
28404634	1813	1817	host	T001	C1167395
28404634	1818	1823	gills	T023	C0017558

28404643|t|The BEACH-containing protein WDR81 coordinates p62 and LC3C to promote aggrephagy
28404643|a|Autophagy -dependent clearance of ubiquitinated and aggregated proteins is critical to protein quality control, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report the essential role of the BEACH (beige and Chediak-Higashi) and WD40 repeat -containing protein WDR81 in eliminating ubiquitinated proteins through autophagy. WDR81 associates with ubiquitin (Ub)-positive protein foci, and its loss causes accumulation of Ub proteins and the autophagy cargo receptor p62. WDR81 interacts with p62, facilitating recognition of Ub proteins by p62. Furthermore, WDR81 interacts with LC3C through canonical LC3 -interacting regions in the BEACH domain, promoting LC3C recruitment to ubiquitinated proteins. Inactivation of LC3C or defective autophagy results in accumulation of Ub protein aggregates enriched for WDR81. In mice, WDR81 inactivation causes accumulation of p62 bodies in cortical and striatal neurons in the brain. These data suggest that WDR81 coordinates p62 and LC3C to facilitate autophagic removal of Ub proteins, and provide important insights into CAMRQ2 syndrome, a WDR81 -related developmental disorder.
28404643	4	28	BEACH-containing protein	T116,T123	C0531296
28404643	29	34	WDR81	T116,T123	C4276429
28404643	47	50	p62	T116,T123	C0766155
28404643	55	59	LC3C	T116,T123	C1311385
28404643	71	81	aggrephagy	T043	C3271453
28404643	82	91	Autophagy	T043	C0004391
28404643	103	112	clearance	T080	C0449297
28404643	116	153	ubiquitinated and aggregated proteins	T116	C1956096
28404643	169	176	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28404643	213	223	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28404643	291	296	BEACH	T116,T123	C0531296
28404643	298	323	beige and Chediak-Higashi	T116,T123	C0531296
28404643	329	340	WD40 repeat	T087	C1520109
28404643	353	366	protein WDR81	T116,T123	C4276429
28404643	370	381	eliminating	T039	C0221102
28404643	382	404	ubiquitinated proteins	T116	C1956096
28404643	413	422	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28404643	424	429	WDR81	T116,T123	C4276429
28404643	446	477	ubiquitin (Ub)-positive protein	T116	C1956096
28404643	478	482	foci	T082	C0205234
28404643	492	496	loss	T081	C1517945
28404643	504	516	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28404643	520	531	Ub proteins	T116	C1956096
28404643	540	549	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28404643	550	564	cargo receptor	T116,T192	C0597357
28404643	565	568	p62	T116,T123	C0766155
28404643	570	575	WDR81	T116,T123	C4276429
28404643	591	594	p62	T116,T123	C0766155
28404643	624	635	Ub proteins	T116	C1956096
28404643	639	642	p62	T116,T123	C0766155
28404643	657	662	WDR81	T116,T123	C4276429
28404643	678	682	LC3C	T116,T123	C1311385
28404643	701	704	LC3	T116,T123	C1311385
28404643	733	738	BEACH	T116,T123	C0531296
28404643	739	745	domain	T087	C1514562
28404643	757	761	LC3C	T116,T123	C1311385
28404643	777	799	ubiquitinated proteins	T116	C1956096
28404643	801	813	Inactivation	T169	C0544461
28404643	817	821	LC3C	T116,T123	C1311385
28404643	825	834	defective	T169	C0332452
28404643	835	844	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28404643	856	868	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28404643	872	882	Ub protein	T116	C1956096
28404643	883	893	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28404643	907	912	WDR81	T116,T123	C4276429
28404643	917	921	mice	T015	C0026809
28404643	923	928	WDR81	T116,T123	C4276429
28404643	929	941	inactivation	T169	C0544461
28404643	949	961	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28404643	965	968	p62	T116,T123	C0766155
28404643	979	1000	cortical and striatal	UnknownType	C0682726
28404643	1001	1008	neurons	T025	C0027882
28404643	1016	1021	brain	T023	C0006104
28404643	1047	1052	WDR81	T116,T123	C4276429
28404643	1065	1068	p62	T116,T123	C0766155
28404643	1073	1077	LC3C	T116,T123	C1311385
28404643	1092	1110	autophagic removal	T043	C0004391
28404643	1114	1125	Ub proteins	T116	C1956096
28404643	1149	1157	insights	T041	C0233820
28404643	1163	1179	CAMRQ2 syndrome,	T047	C2750234
28404643	1182	1187	WDR81	T116,T123	C4276429
28404643	1197	1219	developmental disorder	T048	C0008073

28404899|t|BALB/c mice immunized with a combination of virus-like particles incorporating Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) envelope glycoproteins gpK8.1, gB, and gH / gL induced comparable serum neutralizing antibody activity to UV - inactivated KSHV
28404899|a|Infection with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is estimated to account for over 44,000 new cases of Kaposi sarcoma annually, with 84% occurring in Africa, where the virus is endemic. To date, there is no prophylactic vaccine against KSHV. KSHV gpK8.1, gB, and gH / gL glycoproteins, implicated in the virus entry into host cells, are attractive vaccine targets for eliciting potent neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against virus infection. We incorporated gpK8.1, gB, or gH / gL on the surface of virus-like particles (VLPs) and characterized these VLPs for their composition, size, and functionality. To determine which viral glycoprotein(s) elicit the most effective serum - nAbs, we immunized BALB/c mice with gpK8.1, gB, or gH / gL VLPs individually or in combination. Neutralizing antibody assay revealed that sera from mice immunized with the VLPs inhibited KSHV infection of HEK-293 cells in a dose-dependent manner. As a single immunogen, gpK8.1 VLPs stimulated comparable nAb activity to that of UV - inactivated KSHV (UV-KSHV). In contrast, UV-KSHV stimulated higher titers of nAb compared to gB (p = 0.0316) or gH / gL (p = 0.0486). Mice immunized with the combination of gB and gH / gL VLPs had a better nAb response than those immunized with either gB (p = 0.0268), or gH /gL (p = 0.0397) as single VLP immunogens. Immunization with any VLP combination stimulated comparable nAb activity to UV-KSHV serum. Our data provide the first evidence that KSHV gpK8.1, gB, and gH / gL glycoproteins can be incorporated onto the surface of VLPs and used as prophylactic vaccine candidates, with potential to prevent KSHV infection.
28404899	0	11	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
28404899	12	21	immunized	T061	C0020971
28404899	44	64	virus-like particles	T026	C0333785
28404899	79	116	Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus	T005	C0376526
28404899	118	122	KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	133	153	glycoproteins gpK8.1	T116	C0767120
28404899	155	157	gB	T116	C0761135
28404899	163	165	gH	T116,T123	C1142879
28404899	168	170	gL	T116,T123	C2606403
28404899	190	195	serum	T031	C0229671
28404899	196	217	neutralizing antibody	T116,T129	C0475463
28404899	218	226	activity	T044	C1621287
28404899	230	232	UV	T070	C0041625
28404899	235	246	inactivated	T169	C0544461
28404899	247	251	KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	267	304	Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus	T005	C0376526
28404899	306	310	KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	365	379	Kaposi sarcoma	T191	C0036220
28404899	412	418	Africa	T083	C0001737
28404899	430	435	virus	T005	C0376526
28404899	469	489	prophylactic vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28404899	498	502	KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	504	508	KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	509	515	gpK8.1	T116	C0767120
28404899	517	519	gB	T116	C0761135
28404899	525	527	gH	T116,T123	C1142879
28404899	530	546	gL glycoproteins	T116,T123	C2606403
28404899	566	571	virus	T005	C0376526
28404899	583	593	host cells	T026	C1819995
28404899	610	617	vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28404899	618	625	targets	T169	C1521840
28404899	647	670	neutralizing antibodies	T116,T129	C0475463
28404899	672	676	nAbs	T116,T129	C0475463
28404899	686	701	virus infection	T047	C0042769
28404899	719	725	gpK8.1	T116	C0767120
28404899	727	729	gB	T116	C0761135
28404899	727	729	gB	T116	C0761135
28404899	734	736	gH	T116,T123	C1142879
28404899	739	741	gL	T116,T123	C2606403
28404899	760	780	virus-like particles	T026	C0333785
28404899	782	786	VLPs	T026	C0333785
28404899	812	816	VLPs	T026	C0333785
28404899	884	905	viral glycoprotein(s)	T026	C1325834
28404899	932	937	serum	T031	C0229671
28404899	940	944	nAbs	T116,T129	C0475463
28404899	949	958	immunized	T061	C0020971
28404899	959	970	BALB/c mice	T015	C0025919
28404899	976	982	gpK8.1	T116	C0767120
28404899	984	986	gB	T116	C0761135
28404899	991	993	gH	T116,T123	C1142879
28404899	996	998	gL	T116,T123	C2606403
28404899	999	1003	VLPs	T026	C0333785
28404899	1036	1057	Neutralizing antibody	T116,T129	C0475463
28404899	1088	1092	mice	T015	C0025919
28404899	1093	1102	immunized	T061	C0020971
28404899	1112	1116	VLPs	T026	C0333785
28404899	1127	1131	KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	1132	1141	infection	T047	C0042769
28404899	1145	1158	HEK-293 cells	T025	C2936239
28404899	1164	1178	dose-dependent	T081	C1512045
28404899	1199	1208	immunogen	T129	C0003320
28404899	1210	1216	gpK8.1	T116	C0767120
28404899	1217	1221	VLPs	T026	C0333785
28404899	1244	1247	nAb	T116,T129	C0475463
28404899	1268	1270	UV	T070	C0041625
28404899	1273	1284	inactivated	T169	C0544461
28404899	1285	1289	KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	1291	1298	UV-KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	1314	1321	UV-KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	1366	1368	gB	T116	C0761135
28404899	1385	1387	gH	T116,T123	C1142879
28404899	1390	1392	gL	T116,T123	C2606403
28404899	1407	1411	Mice	T015	C0025919
28404899	1412	1421	immunized	T061	C0020971
28404899	1446	1448	gB	T116	C0761135
28404899	1453	1455	gH	T116,T123	C1142879
28404899	1458	1460	gL	T116,T123	C2606403
28404899	1461	1465	VLPs	T026	C0333785
28404899	1503	1512	immunized	T061	C0020971
28404899	1525	1527	gB	T116	C0761135
28404899	1545	1547	gH	T116,T123	C1142879
28404899	1575	1578	VLP	T026	C1325725
28404899	1579	1589	immunogens	T129	C0003320
28404899	1591	1603	Immunization	T061	C0020971
28404899	1613	1616	VLP	T026	C1325725
28404899	1651	1654	nAb	T116,T129	C0475463
28404899	1667	1674	UV-KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	1675	1680	serum	T031	C0229671
28404899	1723	1727	KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	1728	1734	gpK8.1	T116	C0767120
28404899	1736	1738	gB	T116	C0761135
28404899	1744	1746	gH	T116,T123	C1142879
28404899	1749	1765	gL glycoproteins	T116,T123	C2606403
28404899	1806	1810	VLPs	T026	C0333785
28404899	1823	1843	prophylactic vaccine	T121,T129	C0042210
28404899	1882	1886	KSHV	T005	C0376526
28404899	1887	1896	infection	T047	C0042769

28405013|t|A missense variant, rs373863828-A (p.Arg457Gln), of CREBRF and body mass index in Oceanic populations
28405013|a|It has been suggested that a 'thrifty' genotype hypothesis can account for high prevalence of obesity in the island populations of Oceania. A recent genome-wide association study revealed that a missense variant, rs373863828-A (p.Arg457Gln), of the CREBRF gene (encoding CREB3 regulatory factor) was associated with an excessive increase in body mass index (BMI) in Samoans. In the present study, the association of rs373863828-A with an increase in BMI was examined in four Austronesian (AN)- speaking populations in Oceania. We found that rs373863828-A was frequently observed (frequency of 0.15) in Tongans (Polynesians), and was strongly associated with higher BMI (P=6.1 × 10(-4)). A single copy of the rs373863828-A allele increased BMI by 3.09 kg m(-2) after adjustment of age and sex. No significant association was detected in the other three AN - speaking populations (Melanesians and Micronesians) living in Solomon Islands. This was probably due to the low allele frequency (0.02-0.06) of rs373863828-A as well as small sample size. The rs373863828-A allele was not found in both AN - speaking and non- AN - speaking Melanesians living in Papua New Guinea. Our results suggest that rs373863828-A of CREBRF, a promising thrifty variant, arose in recent ancestors of AN - speaking Polynesians .Journal of Human Genetics advance online publication, 13 April 2017; doi:10.1038/jhg.2017.44.
28405013	2	10	missense	T045	C0599155
28405013	11	18	variant	T080	C0205419
28405013	20	58	rs373863828-A (p.Arg457Gln), of CREBRF	T028	C3469921
28405013	63	78	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28405013	82	101	Oceanic populations	UnknownType	C0682094
28405013	141	149	genotype	T032	C0017431
28405013	150	160	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28405013	177	192	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
28405013	196	203	obesity	T047	C0028754
28405013	211	217	island	T083	C0022130
28405013	218	229	populations	T098	C1257890
28405013	233	240	Oceania	T083	C0282279
28405013	251	280	genome-wide association study	T063	C2350277
28405013	297	305	missense	T045	C0599155
28405013	306	313	variant	T080	C0205419
28405013	315	362	rs373863828-A (p.Arg457Gln), of the CREBRF gene	T028	C3469921
28405013	373	396	CREB3 regulatory factor	T116,T123	C1447550
28405013	402	417	associated with	T080	C0332281
28405013	421	430	excessive	T080	C0442802
28405013	431	439	increase	T169	C0442805
28405013	443	458	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28405013	460	463	BMI	T201	C1305855
28405013	468	475	Samoans	T098	C1556103
28405013	518	531	rs373863828-A	T028	C3469921
28405013	540	548	increase	T169	C0442805
28405013	552	555	BMI	T201	C1305855
28405013	560	568	examined	T033	C0332128
28405013	577	589	Austronesian	UnknownType	C0682410
28405013	591	593	AN	UnknownType	C0682410
28405013	596	604	speaking	T056	C0234856
28405013	605	616	populations	T098	C1257890
28405013	620	627	Oceania	T083	C0282279
28405013	643	656	rs373863828-A	T028	C3469921
28405013	704	711	Tongans	T098	C0337933
28405013	713	724	Polynesians	T098	C0240790
28405013	744	759	associated with	T080	C0332281
28405013	767	770	BMI	T201	C1305855
28405013	810	823	rs373863828-A	T028	C3469921
28405013	824	830	allele	T028	C0002085
28405013	831	840	increased	T081	C0205217
28405013	841	844	BMI	T201	C1305855
28405013	882	885	age	T032	C0001779
28405013	890	893	sex	T032	C1522384
28405013	895	909	No significant	T033	C1273937
28405013	910	921	association	T080	C0439849
28405013	926	934	detected	T061	C1511790
28405013	954	956	AN	UnknownType	C0682410
28405013	959	967	speaking	T056	C0234856
28405013	968	979	populations	T098	C1257890
28405013	981	992	Melanesians	T098	C0337924
28405013	997	1009	Micronesians	T098	C1556099
28405013	1011	1017	living	T078	C0376558
28405013	1021	1036	Solomon Islands	T083	C0037623
28405013	1067	1070	low	T080	C0205251
28405013	1071	1087	allele frequency	T081	C0017270
28405013	1103	1116	rs373863828-A	T028	C3469921
28405013	1134	1145	sample size	T081	C0242618
28405013	1151	1164	rs373863828-A	T028	C3469921
28405013	1165	1171	allele	T028	C0002085
28405013	1194	1196	AN	UnknownType	C0682410
28405013	1199	1207	speaking	T056	C0234856
28405013	1217	1219	AN	UnknownType	C0682410
28405013	1222	1230	speaking	T056	C0234856
28405013	1231	1242	Melanesians	T098	C0337924
28405013	1253	1269	Papua New Guinea	T083	C0030375
28405013	1296	1319	rs373863828-A of CREBRF	T028	C3469921
28405013	1341	1348	variant	T080	C0205419
28405013	1366	1375	ancestors	T099	C0870134
28405013	1379	1381	AN	UnknownType	C0682410
28405013	1384	1392	speaking	T056	C0234856
28405013	1393	1404	Polynesians	T098	C0240790

28405177|t|Mapping mitochondrial heteroplasmy in a Leydig tumor by laser capture micro-dissection and cycling temperature capillary electrophoresis
28405177|a|The growth of tumor cells is accompanied by mutations in nuclear and mitochondrial genomes creating marked genetic heterogeneity. Tumors also contain non-tumor cells of various origins. An observed somatic mitochondrial mutation would have occurred in a founding cell and spread through cell division. Micro-anatomical dissection of a tumor coupled with assays for mitochondrial point mutations permits new insights into this growth process. More generally, the ability to detect and trace, at a histological level, somatic mitochondrial mutations in human tissues and tumors, makes these mutations into markers for lineage tracing. A tumor was first sampled by a large punch biopsy and scanned for any significant degree of heteroplasmy in a set of sequences containing known mutational hotspots of the mitochondrial genome. A heteroplasmic tumor was sliced at a 12 μm thickness and placed on membranes. Laser capture micro-dissection was used to take 25000 μm(2) subsamples or spots. After DNA amplification, cycling temperature capillary electrophoresis (CTCE) was used on the laser captured samples to quantify mitochondrial mutant fractions. Of six testicular tumors studied, one, a Leydig tumor, was discovered to carry a detectable degree of heteroplasmy for two separate point mutations: a C → T mutation at bp 64 and a T → C mutation found at bp 152. From this tumor, 381 spots were sampled with laser capture micro-dissection. The ordered distribution of spots exhibited a wide range of fractions of the mutant sequences from 0 to 100% mutant copies. The two mutations co-distributed in the growing tumor indicating they were present on the same genome copies in the founding cell. Laser capture micro-dissection of sliced tumor samples coupled with CTCE -based point mutation assays provides an effective and practical means to obtain maps of mitochondrial mutational heteroplasmy within human tumors.
28405177	0	34	Mapping mitochondrial heteroplasmy	T059	C3865703
28405177	40	52	Leydig tumor	T191	C0023601
28405177	56	86	laser capture micro-dissection	T059	C1113652
28405177	91	136	cycling temperature capillary electrophoresis	T059	C0201699
28405177	141	147	growth	T042	C1621966
28405177	151	162	tumor cells	T025	C0431085
28405177	181	190	mutations	T045	C0026882
28405177	194	201	nuclear	T082	C0521447
28405177	206	227	mitochondrial genomes	T028	C1819716
28405177	237	243	marked	T080	C1706089
28405177	244	265	genetic heterogeneity	T032	C0242960
28405177	267	273	Tumors	T191	C0027651
28405177	287	302	non-tumor cells	T033	C0243095
28405177	314	321	origins	T079	C0439659
28405177	326	334	observed	T169	C1441672
28405177	335	342	somatic	T080	C2986476
28405177	343	365	mitochondrial mutation	T045	C2315666
28405177	391	404	founding cell	T025	C0007634
28405177	409	415	spread	T080	C0332261
28405177	424	437	cell division	T043	C0007590
28405177	439	466	Micro-anatomical dissection	T059	C1113652
28405177	472	477	tumor	T191	C0027651
28405177	478	485	coupled	T169	C1948027
28405177	491	497	assays	T059	C1510438
28405177	502	531	mitochondrial point mutations	T045	C2315666
28405177	563	569	growth	T042	C1621966
28405177	570	577	process	T067	C1522240
28405177	599	606	ability	T032	C0085732
28405177	610	616	detect	T033	C0442726
28405177	633	651	histological level	T169	C0205462
28405177	653	660	somatic	T080	C2986476
28405177	661	684	mitochondrial mutations	T045	C2315666
28405177	688	701	human tissues	T024	C0440744
28405177	706	712	tumors	T191	C0027651
28405177	726	735	mutations	T045	C0026882
28405177	741	748	markers	T201	C0005516
28405177	753	760	lineage	T077	C1881379
28405177	772	777	tumor	T191	C0027651
28405177	788	795	sampled	T060	C0441621
28405177	807	819	punch biopsy	T060	C0184924
28405177	824	831	scanned	T060	C0441633
28405177	840	851	significant	T078	C0750502
28405177	852	858	degree	T081	C0449286
28405177	862	874	heteroplasmy	T033	C3845270
28405177	887	896	sequences	T086	C0162326
28405177	897	907	containing	T169	C0332256
28405177	914	933	mutational hotspots	T086	C2986491
28405177	941	961	mitochondrial genome	T028	C1819716
28405177	965	978	heteroplasmic	T033	C3845270
28405177	979	984	tumor	T191	C0027651
28405177	1007	1016	thickness	T080	C1280412
28405177	1031	1040	membranes	T026	C0596901
28405177	1042	1072	Laser capture micro-dissection	T059	C1113652
28405177	1102	1112	subsamples	T167	C0370003
28405177	1116	1121	spots	T167	C0370003
28405177	1129	1146	DNA amplification	T045	C0683230
28405177	1148	1193	cycling temperature capillary electrophoresis	T059	C0201699
28405177	1195	1199	CTCE	T059	C0201699
28405177	1217	1231	laser captured	T033	C0243095
28405177	1232	1239	samples	T167	C0370003
28405177	1243	1251	quantify	T081	C1709793
28405177	1252	1265	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28405177	1266	1272	mutant	T049	C0596988
28405177	1273	1282	fractions	T081	C1264633
28405177	1291	1308	testicular tumors	T191	C0039590
28405177	1325	1337	Leydig tumor	T191	C0023601
28405177	1343	1353	discovered	T052	C1880355
28405177	1365	1375	detectable	T201	C3830527
28405177	1376	1382	degree	T081	C0449286
28405177	1386	1398	heteroplasmy	T033	C3845270
28405177	1407	1415	separate	T080	C0443299
28405177	1416	1431	point mutations	T049	C0162735
28405177	1435	1449	C → T mutation	T045	C0026882
28405177	1465	1479	T → C mutation	T045	C0026882
28405177	1507	1512	tumor	T191	C0027651
28405177	1518	1523	spots	T167	C0370003
28405177	1529	1536	sampled	T060	C0441621
28405177	1542	1572	laser capture micro-dissection	T059	C1113652
28405177	1578	1585	ordered	T080	C1705176
28405177	1586	1598	distribution	T169	C1704711
28405177	1602	1607	spots	T167	C0370003
28405177	1634	1643	fractions	T081	C1264633
28405177	1651	1657	mutant	T049	C0596988
28405177	1658	1667	sequences	T086	C0162326
28405177	1683	1689	mutant	T049	C0596988
28405177	1706	1715	mutations	T045	C0026882
28405177	1716	1730	co-distributed	T169	C1704711
28405177	1738	1745	growing	T042	C1621966
28405177	1746	1751	tumor	T191	C0027651
28405177	1773	1780	present	T033	C0150312
28405177	1793	1799	genome	T028	C0017428
28405177	1814	1827	founding cell	T025	C0007634
28405177	1829	1859	Laser capture micro-dissection	T059	C1113652
28405177	1870	1875	tumor	T191	C0027651
28405177	1876	1883	samples	T167	C0370003
28405177	1884	1891	coupled	T169	C1948027
28405177	1897	1901	CTCE	T059	C0201699
28405177	1909	1923	point mutation	T049	C0162735
28405177	1924	1930	assays	T059	C1510438
28405177	1943	1952	effective	T080	C1704419
28405177	1983	1987	maps	T062	C0079435
28405177	1991	2004	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28405177	2005	2015	mutational	T045	C0026882
28405177	2016	2028	heteroplasmy	T033	C3845270
28405177	2036	2041	human	T016	C0086418
28405177	2042	2048	tumors	T191	C0027651

28405379|t|Human mobility networks and persistence of rapidly mutating pathogens
28405379|a|Rapidly mutating pathogens may be able to persist in the population and reach an endemic equilibrium by escaping hosts ' acquired immunity. For such diseases, multiple biological, environmental and population - level mechanisms determine the dynamics of the outbreak, including pathogen's epidemiological traits (e.g. transmissibility, infectious period and duration of immunity), seasonality, interaction with other circulating strains and hosts ' mixing and spatial fragmentation. Here, we study a susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible model on a metapopulation where individuals are distributed in sub-populations connected via a network of mobility flows. Through extensive numerical simulations, we explore the phase space of pathogen's persistence and map the dynamical regimes of the pathogen following emergence. Our results show that spatial fragmentation and mobility play a key role in the persistence of the disease whose maximum is reached at intermediate mobility values. We describe the occurrence of different phenomena including local extinction and emergence of epidemic waves, and assess the conditions for large-scale spreading. Findings are highlighted in reference to previous studies and to real scenarios. Our work uncovers the crucial role of hosts ' mobility on the ecological dynamics of rapidly mutating pathogens, opening the path for further studies on disease ecology in the presence of a complex and heterogeneous environment.
28405379	0	5	Human	T016	C0086418
28405379	6	14	mobility	T068	C0037426
28405379	15	23	networks	T169	C1882071
28405379	28	39	persistence	T169	C0220921
28405379	43	50	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28405379	51	59	mutating	T045	C0026882
28405379	60	69	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28405379	70	77	Rapidly	T080	C0456962
28405379	78	86	mutating	T045	C0026882
28405379	87	96	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28405379	112	119	persist	T169	C0220921
28405379	127	137	population	T098	C1257890
28405379	151	170	endemic equilibrium	T081	C1547026
28405379	183	188	hosts	T001	C1167395
28405379	191	208	acquired immunity	T039	C0678209
28405379	219	227	diseases	T047	C0012634
28405379	238	248	biological	T080	C0205460
28405379	250	263	environmental	T082	C0014406
28405379	268	278	population	T098	C1257890
28405379	281	286	level	T080	C0441889
28405379	287	297	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28405379	312	320	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28405379	328	336	outbreak	T067	C0012652
28405379	348	358	pathogen's	T001	C0450254
28405379	359	374	epidemiological	T169	C0014508
28405379	375	381	traits	T032	C0599883
28405379	388	404	transmissibility	T046	C0242781
28405379	406	416	infectious	T046	C3714514
28405379	417	423	period	T079	C0040223
28405379	428	436	duration	T079	C0449238
28405379	440	448	immunity	T039	C0020964
28405379	451	462	seasonality	T079	C0683922
28405379	464	475	interaction	T169	C1704675
28405379	487	498	circulating	T169	C0175630
28405379	499	506	strains	T001	C1518614
28405379	511	516	hosts	T001	C1167395
28405379	519	525	mixing	T080	C1720722
28405379	530	537	spatial	T082	C1254362
28405379	538	551	fragmentation	T054	C0680432
28405379	562	567	study	T062	C2603343
28405379	570	618	susceptible-infected-recovered-susceptible model	T170	C3161035
28405379	624	638	metapopulation	T098	C1257890
28405379	645	656	individuals	T098	C0237401
28405379	661	672	distributed	T169	C1704711
28405379	676	691	sub-populations	T098	C1257890
28405379	708	715	network	T169	C1882071
28405379	719	733	mobility flows	T068	C0037426
28405379	753	762	numerical	T081	C0237753
28405379	763	774	simulations	T062	C0679083
28405379	791	796	phase	T079	C0205390
28405379	806	816	pathogen's	T001	C0450254
28405379	817	828	persistence	T169	C0220921
28405379	833	836	map	T052	C1283195
28405379	841	850	dynamical	T169	C0729333
28405379	851	858	regimes	T040	C0026559
28405379	866	874	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28405379	885	894	emergence	T046	C2745965
28405379	900	907	results	T169	C1274040
28405379	918	925	spatial	T082	C1254362
28405379	926	939	fragmentation	T054	C0680432
28405379	944	952	mobility	T068	C0037426
28405379	976	987	persistence	T169	C0220921
28405379	995	1002	disease	T047	C0012634
28405379	1031	1043	intermediate	T082	C0205103
28405379	1044	1052	mobility	T068	C0037426
28405379	1053	1059	values	T080	C0042295
28405379	1077	1087	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28405379	1101	1110	phenomena	T067	C1882365
28405379	1127	1137	extinction	T070	C1720993
28405379	1142	1151	emergence	T046	C2745965
28405379	1155	1163	epidemic	T067	C0014499
28405379	1186	1196	conditions	T080	C0348080
28405379	1201	1222	large-scale spreading	T080	C0332261
28405379	1224	1232	Findings	T033	C0243095
28405379	1274	1281	studies	T062	C2603343
28405379	1294	1303	scenarios	T169	C0683579
28405379	1309	1313	work	T057	C0043227
28405379	1343	1348	hosts	T001	C1167395
28405379	1351	1359	mobility	T068	C0037426
28405379	1367	1377	ecological	T070	C0162358
28405379	1378	1386	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28405379	1390	1397	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28405379	1398	1406	mutating	T045	C0026882
28405379	1407	1416	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28405379	1447	1454	studies	T062	C2603343
28405379	1458	1465	disease	T047	C0012634
28405379	1466	1473	ecology	T090	C0013546
28405379	1495	1502	complex	T080	C0439855
28405379	1507	1520	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28405379	1521	1532	environment	T082	C0014406

28405450|t|Vaccination of piglets at 2 and 3 weeks of age with Ingelvac PRRSFLEX® EU provides protection against heterologous field challenge in the face of homologous maternally derived antibodies
28405450|a|Due to difficulties in eradicating porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) linked to biosecurity challenges, transmission of the virus and the lack of efficient DIVA vaccines, successful control of PRRS requires a combination of strict management measures and vaccination of both sows and piglets. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of a recently developed MLV vaccine (Ingelvac PRRSFLEX® EU) in piglets at 2 and 3-weeks of age in the presence of homologous maternally derived antibodies as the dams were vaccinated with the same vaccine strain (ReproCyc® PRRS EU). The study was carried out on a Hungarian farrow to finish farm naturally infected with PRRSv. The study was designed as a blind, placebo controlled side by side trial. ORF5 sequence similarity of the vaccine strain and the resident field strain was 87.8 %. PRRS specific real-time quantitative PCR was performed from serum samples to measure both the viral load and the frequency of virus positive animals. At the time of the natural infection observed in the control group at 10-12 weeks of age, the number of viraemic animals did not increase significantly in the vaccinated group. To understand the infection dynamics, positive PCR samples with low Ct values were sequenced (ORF5) and the data analysis indicated the circulation of wild type virus in both groups, however wild type virus was only found in non-vaccinated animals. Our data indicate that piglets vaccinated at as early as 2 weeks of age with Ingelvac PRRSFLEX® EU were protected both in terms of proportion of viraemic animals and viraemia levels. It has to be highlighted that these results were achieved in piglets with high levels of homologous maternally derived antibodies (MDA) at the time of vaccination.
28405450	0	11	Vaccination	T061	C0042196
28405450	15	22	piglets	T015	C0039005
28405450	52	73	Ingelvac PRRSFLEX® EU	T121,T129	C1516086
28405450	83	93	protection	T033	C1545588
28405450	102	114	heterologous	T080	C0439860
28405450	146	156	homologous	T032	C0301883
28405450	157	186	maternally derived antibodies	T116,T129	C0729663
28405450	210	221	eradicating	T058	C3178994
28405450	222	267	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome	T047	C0376538
28405450	269	273	PRRS	T047	C0376538
28405450	309	334	transmission of the virus	T043	C1160716
28405450	351	360	efficient	T080	C0442799
28405450	361	374	DIVA vaccines	T121,T129	C0887908
28405450	376	386	successful	T080	C1272703
28405450	387	394	control	T080	C0243148
28405450	398	402	PRRS	T047	C0376538
28405450	436	455	management measures	T058	C0376636
28405450	460	471	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28405450	480	484	sows	T015	C0684075
28405450	489	496	piglets	T015	C0039005
28405450	510	515	study	T062	C2603343
28405450	525	531	assess	T058	C0184514
28405450	536	544	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28405450	569	580	MLV vaccine	T121,T129	C1516086
28405450	582	603	Ingelvac PRRSFLEX® EU	T121,T129	C1516086
28405450	608	615	piglets	T015	C0039005
28405450	647	655	presence	T033	C0150312
28405450	659	669	homologous	T032	C0301883
28405450	670	699	maternally derived antibodies	T116,T129	C0729663
28405450	717	727	vaccinated	T061	C0042196
28405450	742	756	vaccine strain	T121,T129	C0042210
28405450	758	775	ReproCyc® PRRS EU	T121,T129	C1516086
28405450	782	787	study	T062	C2603343
28405450	809	825	Hungarian farrow	T015	C1296656
28405450	836	840	farm	T082	C0557759
28405450	841	859	naturally infected	T033	C0439663
28405450	865	870	PRRSv	T005	C0376536
28405450	876	881	study	T062	C2603343
28405450	900	905	blind	T062	C2347038
28405450	907	925	placebo controlled	T062	C1706408
28405450	946	950	ORF5	T116	C0758157
28405450	951	970	sequence similarity	T081	C1710052
28405450	978	992	vaccine strain	T121,T129	C0042210
28405450	1001	1022	resident field strain	T098	C1257890
28405450	1035	1039	PRRS	T047	C0376538
28405450	1049	1075	real-time quantitative PCR	T063	C3179034
28405450	1095	1108	serum samples	T031	C1550100
28405450	1112	1119	measure	T081	C0079809
28405450	1129	1139	viral load	T059	C1261478
28405450	1161	1175	virus positive	T034	C1167762
28405450	1176	1183	animals	T008	C0003062
28405450	1204	1221	natural infection	T046	C3714514
28405450	1222	1230	observed	T169	C1441672
28405450	1238	1251	control group	T096	C0009932
28405450	1289	1297	viraemic	T033	C0243095
28405450	1298	1305	animals	T008	C0003062
28405450	1344	1354	vaccinated	T061	C0042196
28405450	1380	1389	infection	T046	C3714514
28405450	1390	1398	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28405450	1400	1408	positive	T033	C1446409
28405450	1409	1412	PCR	T063	C0032520
28405450	1413	1420	samples	T167	C0370003
28405450	1456	1460	ORF5	T116	C0758157
28405450	1470	1483	data analysis	T057	C0010992
28405450	1484	1493	indicated	T033	C1444656
28405450	1498	1509	circulation	T033	C0237318
28405450	1563	1568	virus	T005	C0042776
28405450	1615	1619	data	T078	C1511726
28405450	1634	1641	piglets	T015	C0039005
28405450	1642	1652	vaccinated	T061	C0042196
28405450	1688	1709	Ingelvac PRRSFLEX® EU	T121,T129	C1516086
28405450	1742	1752	proportion	T081	C1709707
28405450	1756	1764	viraemic	T033	C0243095
28405450	1765	1772	animals	T008	C0003062
28405450	1777	1785	viraemia	T047	C0042749
28405450	1855	1862	piglets	T015	C0039005
28405450	1883	1893	homologous	T032	C0301883
28405450	1894	1923	maternally derived antibodies	T116,T129	C0729663
28405450	1925	1928	MDA	T116,T129	C0729663
28405450	1945	1956	vaccination	T061	C0042196

28406285|t|Serotonin and Serotonin Transporters in the Adrenal Medulla: A Potential Hub for Modulation of the Sympathetic Stress Response
28406285|a|Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter in the central nervous system where it modulates circuits involved in mood, cognition, movement, arousal, and autonomic function. The 5-HT transporter (SERT; SLC6A4) is a key regulator of 5-HT signaling, and genetic variations in SERT are associated with various disorders including depression, anxiety, and autism. This review focuses on the role of SERT in the sympathetic nervous system. Autonomic / sympathetic dysfunction is evident in patients with depression, anxiety, and other diseases linked to serotonergic signaling. Experimentally, loss of SERT function (SERT knockout mice or chronic pharmacological block) has been reported to augment the sympathetic stress response. Alterations to serotonergic signaling in the CNS and thus central drive to the peripheral sympathetic nervous system are presumed to underlie this augmentation. Although less widely recognized, SERT is robustly expressed in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, the neuroendocrine arm of the sympathetic nervous system. Adrenal chromaffin cells do not synthesize 5-HT but accumulate small amounts by SERT -mediated uptake. Recent evidence demonstrated that 5-HT1A receptors inhibit catecholamine secretion from adrenal chromaffin cells via an atypical mechanism that does not involve modulation of cellular excitability or voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. This raises the possibility that the adrenal medulla is a previously unrecognized peripheral hub for serotonergic control of the sympathetic stress response. As a framework for future investigation, a model is proposed in which stress - evoked adrenal catecholamine secretion is fine-tuned by SERT -modulated autocrine 5-HT signaling.
28406285	0	9	Serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
28406285	14	36	Serotonin Transporters	T116,T123	C0170657
28406285	44	59	Adrenal Medulla	T023	C0001629
28406285	63	72	Potential	T080	C3245505
28406285	73	76	Hub	T082	C0205099
28406285	81	91	Modulation	UnknownType	C0678672
28406285	99	110	Sympathetic	T022	C0039044
28406285	111	126	Stress Response	T039	C0149784
28406285	127	136	Serotonin	T109,T123	C0036751
28406285	138	142	5-HT	T109,T123	C0036751
28406285	160	176	neurotransmitter	T123	C0027908
28406285	184	206	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
28406285	216	225	modulates	UnknownType	C0678672
28406285	226	234	circuits	UnknownType	C0814033
28406285	247	251	mood	T041	C0026516
28406285	253	262	cognition	T041	C0009240
28406285	264	272	movement	T040	C0026649
28406285	274	281	arousal	T041	C0003808
28406285	287	305	autonomic function	T042	C0234593
28406285	311	327	5-HT transporter	T116,T123	C0170657
28406285	329	333	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
28406285	335	341	SLC6A4	T116,T123	C1456457
28406285	365	369	5-HT	T109,T123	C0036751
28406285	370	379	signaling	T038	C3537152
28406285	385	403	genetic variations	T070	C0042333
28406285	407	411	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
28406285	440	449	disorders	T047	C0012634
28406285	460	470	depression	T048	C0011570
28406285	472	479	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28406285	485	491	autism	T048	C0004352
28406285	528	532	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
28406285	540	566	sympathetic nervous system	T022	C0039044
28406285	568	577	Autonomic	T047	C1145628
28406285	580	603	sympathetic dysfunction	T033	C4013979
28406285	618	626	patients	T101	C0030705
28406285	632	642	depression	T048	C0011570
28406285	644	651	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28406285	663	671	diseases	T047	C0012634
28406285	682	704	serotonergic signaling	T044	C1155449
28406285	722	726	loss	T081	C1517945
28406285	730	734	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
28406285	735	743	function	T044	C1527118
28406285	745	749	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
28406285	750	763	knockout mice	T015	C0206745
28406285	767	774	chronic	T079	C0205191
28406285	775	790	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28406285	791	796	block	T169	C0332206
28406285	819	826	augment	T081	C0205217
28406285	831	842	sympathetic	T022	C0039044
28406285	843	858	stress response	T039	C0149784
28406285	860	871	Alterations	T078	C1515926
28406285	875	897	serotonergic signaling	T044	C1155449
28406285	905	908	CNS	T022	C3714787
28406285	939	976	peripheral sympathetic nervous system	T023	C2335018
28406285	1007	1019	augmentation	T061	C1293122
28406285	1054	1058	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
28406285	1071	1080	expressed	T045	C1171362
28406285	1084	1100	chromaffin cells	T025	C0376604
28406285	1108	1123	adrenal medulla	T023	C0001629
28406285	1129	1147	neuroendocrine arm	T022	C0027912
28406285	1155	1181	sympathetic nervous system	T022	C0039044
28406285	1183	1190	Adrenal	T023	C0001629
28406285	1191	1207	chromaffin cells	T025	C0376604
28406285	1215	1225	synthesize	T038	C0220781
28406285	1226	1230	5-HT	T109,T123	C0036751
28406285	1235	1245	accumulate	T033	C4055506
28406285	1246	1259	small amounts	T081	C3869892
28406285	1263	1267	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
28406285	1278	1284	uptake	T038	C0598962
28406285	1320	1336	5-HT1A receptors	T116,T192	C0379900
28406285	1337	1344	inhibit	T043	C2247037
28406285	1345	1368	catecholamine secretion	T043	C1325901
28406285	1374	1381	adrenal	T023	C0001629
28406285	1382	1398	chromaffin cells	T025	C0376604
28406285	1406	1414	atypical	T080	C0205182
28406285	1415	1424	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28406285	1447	1457	modulation	UnknownType	C0544633
28406285	1461	1482	cellular excitability	T043	C0234076
28406285	1486	1515	voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels	T116,T129	C0443895
28406285	1554	1569	adrenal medulla	T023	C0001629
28406285	1586	1598	unrecognized	T080	C4288068
28406285	1599	1609	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28406285	1610	1613	hub	T082	C0205099
28406285	1618	1630	serotonergic	T109,T123	C0036751
28406285	1646	1657	sympathetic	T022	C0039044
28406285	1658	1673	stress response	T039	C0149784
28406285	1745	1751	stress	T046	C0449430
28406285	1754	1760	evoked	T080	C1444748
28406285	1761	1768	adrenal	T023	C0001629
28406285	1769	1792	catecholamine secretion	T043	C1325901
28406285	1810	1814	SERT	T116,T123	C0170657
28406285	1826	1835	autocrine	T042	C0596138
28406285	1836	1840	5-HT	T109,T123	C0036751
28406285	1841	1850	signaling	T038	C3537152

28406413|t|Lung nodule in French Guiana in a immunocompetent patient
28406413|a|We report the case of an immunocompetent French soldier stationed in French Guiana, who developed symptomatic pulmonary histoplasmosis.
28406413	0	11	Lung nodule	T033	C0034079
28406413	15	28	French Guiana	T083	C0016703
28406413	34	49	immunocompetent	T201	C1512656
28406413	50	57	patient	T101	C0030705
28406413	72	76	case	T077	C1706256
28406413	83	98	immunocompetent	T201	C1512656
28406413	99	105	French	T098	C1556084
28406413	106	113	soldier	T097	C0524647
28406413	127	140	French Guiana	T083	C0016703
28406413	156	167	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28406413	168	192	pulmonary histoplasmosis	T047	C1306038

28406758|t|Fasting triglycerides as a predictor of incident diabetes, insulin resistance and β-cell function in a Canadian First Nation
28406758|a|Diabetes prevalence is substantially higher among Canadian First Nations populations than the non-First Nation population. Fasting serum triglycerides have been found to be an important predictor of incident diabetes among non-indigenous populations. However, there is a great need to understand diabetes progression within specific ethnic groups, particularly First Nations populations. The purpose of this study was to test for an association between fasting serum triglycerides and incident diabetes, changes in insulin resistance and changes in β-cell function in a Manitoba First Nation cohort. Study data were from two diabetes screening studies in Sandy Bay First Nation in Manitoba, Canada, collected in 2002/2003 and 2011/2012. The cohort was composed of respondents to both screening studies (n=171). Fasting blood samples and anthropometric, health and demographic data were collected. A generalised linear model with Poisson distribution was used to test for an association between fasting triglycerides and incident diabetes. There were 35 incident cases of diabetes among 128 persons without diabetes at baseline. Participants who developed incident type 2 diabetes were significantly older and had significantly higher body mass index (BMI; p=0.012), total cholesterol (p=0.007), fasting triglycerides (p<0.001), and Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (p<0.001). Fasting triglyceride level was found to be a statistically significant positive predictor of incident diabetes independent of age, sex and waist circumference at baseline. Participants with triglycerides in the highest tertile (≥2.11 mmol/l) had a 4.0-times higher risk of developing incident diabetes compared to those in the lowest tertile (p=0.03). Notably, neither waist circumference nor BMI were significant predictors of incident diabetes independent of age, sex and triglycerides. Fasting triglycerides may be useful as a clinical predictor of insulin resistance and diabetes development among First Nations populations. Unlike other ethnic groups, BMI and waist circumference may be less important factors in diabetes development.
28406758	0	7	Fasting	T033	C0015663
28406758	8	21	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28406758	27	36	predictor	T078	C2698872
28406758	40	48	incident	T067	C1551358
28406758	49	57	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	59	77	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
28406758	82	97	β-cell function	T043	C0007613
28406758	103	124	Canadian First Nation	T033	C0238884
28406758	125	133	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	134	144	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28406758	148	168	substantially higher	T080	C0205250
28406758	175	209	Canadian First Nations populations	T033	C0238884
28406758	219	246	non-First Nation population	T098	C1257890
28406758	248	255	Fasting	T033	C0015663
28406758	256	261	serum	T031	C0229671
28406758	262	275	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28406758	301	310	important	T080	C3898777
28406758	311	320	predictor	T078	C2698872
28406758	324	332	incident	T067	C1551358
28406758	333	341	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	348	374	non-indigenous populations	T098	C1257890
28406758	396	401	great	T081	C0549177
28406758	421	429	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	430	441	progression	T046	C0242656
28406758	449	457	specific	T080	C0205369
28406758	458	471	ethnic groups	T098	C0015031
28406758	486	511	First Nations populations	T033	C0238884
28406758	517	524	purpose	T169	C1285529
28406758	533	538	study	T062	C0681814
28406758	546	550	test	T169	C0039593
28406758	558	569	association	T080	C0439849
28406758	578	585	fasting	T033	C0015663
28406758	586	591	serum	T031	C0229671
28406758	592	605	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28406758	610	618	incident	T067	C1551358
28406758	619	627	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	629	636	changes	T169	C0392747
28406758	640	658	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
28406758	663	670	changes	T169	C0392747
28406758	674	689	β-cell function	T043	C0007613
28406758	695	703	Manitoba	T083	C0024726
28406758	710	716	Nation	T092	C1555720
28406758	717	723	cohort	T098	C0599755
28406758	725	735	Study data	T062	C0681873
28406758	750	758	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	759	776	screening studies	T062	C2348164
28406758	780	802	Sandy Bay First Nation	T098	C1257890
28406758	806	814	Manitoba	T083	C0024726
28406758	816	822	Canada	T083	C0006823
28406758	866	872	cohort	T098	C0599755
28406758	889	900	respondents	T098	C0282122
28406758	904	908	both	T080	C1706086
28406758	909	926	screening studies	T062	C2348164
28406758	936	943	Fasting	T033	C0015663
28406758	944	957	blood samples	T031	C0178913
28406758	962	976	anthropometric	T081	C0815129
28406758	978	1005	health and demographic data	T078	C1511726
28406758	1011	1020	collected	T078	C1516695
28406758	1024	1035	generalised	T082	C0205246
28406758	1036	1048	linear model	T081	C0023732
28406758	1054	1074	Poisson distribution	T081	C0032347
28406758	1087	1091	test	T169	C0039593
28406758	1099	1110	association	T080	C0439849
28406758	1119	1126	fasting	T033	C0015663
28406758	1127	1140	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28406758	1145	1153	incident	T067	C1551358
28406758	1154	1162	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	1178	1186	incident	T067	C1551358
28406758	1187	1192	cases	T169	C0868928
28406758	1196	1204	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	1215	1222	persons	T098	C0027361
28406758	1231	1239	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	1243	1251	baseline	T081	C1442488
28406758	1253	1265	Participants	T098	C0679646
28406758	1280	1288	incident	T067	C1551358
28406758	1289	1304	type 2 diabetes	T033	C3280267
28406758	1310	1329	significantly older	T098	C1518563
28406758	1338	1358	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28406758	1359	1374	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28406758	1376	1379	BMI	T201	C1305855
28406758	1391	1396	total	T080	C0439810
28406758	1397	1408	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28406758	1420	1427	fasting	T033	C0015663
28406758	1428	1441	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28406758	1457	1507	Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance	T059	C3639411
28406758	1509	1516	HOMA-IR	T059	C3639411
28406758	1529	1536	Fasting	T033	C0015663
28406758	1537	1549	triglyceride	T109,T123	C0041004
28406758	1550	1555	level	T080	C0441889
28406758	1574	1599	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28406758	1600	1608	positive	T033	C1446409
28406758	1609	1618	predictor	T078	C2698872
28406758	1622	1630	incident	T067	C1551358
28406758	1631	1639	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	1640	1654	independent of	T169	C0332291
28406758	1655	1658	age	T032	C0001779
28406758	1660	1663	sex	T032	C1522384
28406758	1668	1687	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
28406758	1691	1699	baseline	T081	C1442488
28406758	1701	1713	Participants	T098	C0679646
28406758	1719	1732	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28406758	1740	1755	highest tertile	T080	C0205556
28406758	1787	1798	higher risk	T033	C3843761
28406758	1813	1821	incident	T067	C1551358
28406758	1822	1830	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	1831	1839	compared	T052	C1707455
28406758	1856	1870	lowest tertile	T080	C0205556
28406758	1890	1897	neither	T080	C4284892
28406758	1898	1917	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
28406758	1922	1925	BMI	T201	C1305855
28406758	1931	1942	significant	T078	C0750502
28406758	1943	1953	predictors	T078	C2698872
28406758	1957	1965	incident	T067	C1551358
28406758	1966	1974	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	1975	1989	independent of	T169	C0332291
28406758	1990	1993	age	T032	C0001779
28406758	1995	1998	sex	T032	C1522384
28406758	2003	2016	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28406758	2018	2025	Fasting	T033	C0015663
28406758	2026	2039	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28406758	2047	2053	useful	T080	C3827682
28406758	2059	2067	clinical	T080	C0205210
28406758	2068	2077	predictor	T078	C2698872
28406758	2081	2099	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
28406758	2104	2112	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	2113	2124	development	T169	C1527148
28406758	2131	2156	First Nations populations	T033	C0238884
28406758	2171	2184	ethnic groups	T098	C0015031
28406758	2186	2189	BMI	T201	C1305855
28406758	2194	2213	waist circumference	T201	C0455829
28406758	2221	2235	less important	T080	C3898777
28406758	2236	2243	factors	T169	C1521761
28406758	2247	2255	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28406758	2256	2267	development	T169	C1527148

28407355|t|Extracellular vesicles from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells protect against murine hepatic ischemia - reperfusion injury
28407355|a|Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and associated inflammation contributes to liver dysfunction and complications after liver surgery and transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been reported to reduce hepatic IRI because of their reparative immunomodulatory effects in injured tissues. Recent studies have highlighted beneficial effects of extracellular vesicles from MSCs (MSC - EV) on tissue injury. The effects of systemically administered mouse bone marrow derived MSC - EV were evaluated in an experimental murine model of hepatic IRI induced by cross clamping the hepatic artery and portal vein for 90 minutes followed by reperfusion for periods of upto 6 hours. Compared with controls, intravenous administration of MSC - EV 30 minutes prior to IRI dramatically reduced the extent of tissue necrosis, decreased caspase-3 positive and apoptotic cells, and reduced serum aminotransferase levels. MSC - EV increased hepatic mRNA expression of NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 12 (Nlrp12), and the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), and reduced mRNA expression of several inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 during IRI. MSC - EV increased cell viability and suppressed both oxidative injury and NF-κB activity in AML12 murine hepatocytes in vitro. In conclusion, the administration of EV derived from bone marrow derived MSCs may ameliorate hepatic IRI by reducing hepatic injury through modulation of the inflammatory response. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28407355	0	22	Extracellular vesicles	T026	C3894683
28407355	28	39	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28407355	48	70	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28407355	71	78	protect	T033	C1545588
28407355	87	93	murine	T015	C0026809
28407355	94	110	hepatic ischemia	T046	C0920569
28407355	94	131	hepatic ischemia - reperfusion injury	T037	C4303160
28407355	113	131	reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
28407355	132	167	Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury	T037	C4303160
28407355	169	172	IRI	T037	C4303160
28407355	178	201	associated inflammation	T046	C0021368
28407355	217	234	liver dysfunction	T046	C0086565
28407355	239	252	complications	T046	C0009566
28407355	259	272	liver surgery	T061	C0193373
28407355	277	292	transplantation	T061	C0040732
28407355	294	316	Mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28407355	318	321	MSC	T025	C1257975
28407355	345	351	reduce	T080	C0392756
28407355	352	363	hepatic IRI	T037	C4303160
28407355	381	391	reparative	T058	C1254363
28407355	392	408	immunomodulatory	T121,T129	C1527392
28407355	392	416	immunomodulatory effects	T080	C1280500
28407355	420	427	injured	T169	C0332664
28407355	428	435	tissues	T024	C0040300
28407355	469	487	beneficial effects	T080	C1280500
28407355	491	513	extracellular vesicles	T026	C3894683
28407355	519	523	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28407355	525	528	MSC	T025	C1257975
28407355	531	533	EV	T026	C3894683
28407355	538	551	tissue injury	T033	C2136639
28407355	568	593	systemically administered	UnknownType	C0678812
28407355	594	611	mouse bone marrow	T024	C1511243
28407355	620	623	MSC	T025	C1257975
28407355	626	628	EV	T026	C3894683
28407355	634	643	evaluated	T062	C0178628
28407355	650	675	experimental murine model	T008	C0887965
28407355	679	690	hepatic IRI	T037	C4303160
28407355	691	698	induced	T169	C0205263
28407355	702	716	cross clamping	T169	C1883710
28407355	721	735	hepatic artery	T023	C0019145
28407355	740	751	portal vein	T023	C0032718
28407355	759	766	minutes	T079	C0439232
28407355	779	790	reperfusion	T061	C0035124
28407355	795	802	periods	T079	C1948053
28407355	813	818	hours	T079	C0439227
28407355	834	870	controls, intravenous administration	T082	C0013125
28407355	874	877	MSC	T025	C1257975
28407355	880	882	EV	T026	C3894683
28407355	886	893	minutes	T079	C0439232
28407355	903	906	IRI	T037	C4303160
28407355	907	927	dramatically reduced	T080	C0392756
28407355	942	957	tissue necrosis	T042	C0027540
28407355	959	968	decreased	T081	C0205216
28407355	969	987	caspase-3 positive	T116,T126	C0291573
28407355	992	1007	apoptotic cells	T026	C3269134
28407355	1013	1020	reduced	T080	C0392756
28407355	1027	1043	aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0002594
28407355	1052	1055	MSC	T025	C1257975
28407355	1058	1060	EV	T026	C3894683
28407355	1061	1070	increased	T081	C0205217
28407355	1071	1078	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28407355	1079	1094	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28407355	1098	1146	NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 12	T028	C1864814
28407355	1148	1154	Nlrp12	T028	C1864814
28407355	1165	1197	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1	T028	C0812445
28407355	1199	1204	CXCL1	T028	C0812445
28407355	1211	1218	reduced	T080	C0392756
28407355	1219	1234	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28407355	1246	1258	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28407355	1259	1268	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28407355	1277	1281	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28407355	1289	1292	IRI	T037	C4303160
28407355	1294	1297	MSC	T025	C1257975
28407355	1300	1302	EV	T026	C3894683
28407355	1303	1312	increased	T081	C0205217
28407355	1313	1327	cell viability	T043	C0007620
28407355	1332	1342	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28407355	1348	1357	oxidative	T169	C0311404
28407355	1358	1364	injury	T080	C1510467
28407355	1369	1374	NF-κB	T116,T192	C0961340
28407355	1375	1383	activity	T052	C0441655
28407355	1387	1411	AML12 murine hepatocytes	T025	C0227525
28407355	1412	1420	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28407355	1441	1455	administration	T061	C1533734
28407355	1459	1461	EV	T026	C3894683
28407355	1475	1486	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28407355	1495	1499	MSCs	T025	C1257975
28407355	1504	1514	ameliorate	T033	C0243095
28407355	1515	1526	hepatic IRI	T037	C4303160
28407355	1530	1538	reducing	T080	C0392756
28407355	1539	1553	hepatic injury	T037	C0160390
28407355	1562	1572	modulation	T082	C0443264
28407355	1580	1601	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266

28407625|t|Comparison of Occlusive and Open Application in a Psoriasis Plaque Test Design, Exemplarily Using Investigations of Mapracorat 0.1% Ointment versus Vehicle and Reference Drugs
28407625|a|Psoriasis plaque tests (PPTs) are important tools in the early phases of antipsoriatic drug development. Two distinct PPT design variants (open vs. occluded drug application) are commonly used, but no previous work has aimed to directly compare and contrast their performance. We compared the antipsoriatic efficacy of mapracorat 0.1% ointment and reference drugs reported in 2 separate studies, representing open and occluded PPT designs. The drug effect size was measured by sonography (mean change in echo-poor band thickness), chromametry, and standardized clinical assessment. Antipsoriatic effects were detectable for the study drugs in both occluded and open PPTs. Differences between the potency of antipsoriatic drugs and vehicle were observable. The total antipsoriatic effect size appeared to be higher in the occluded PPT than the open PPT, despite the shorter treatment duration (2 vs. 4 weeks). Effect dynamics over time revealed greater differences between some study drugs in the open PPT compared to the occluded PPT. Taking the higher technical challenges for the open PPT into account, we recommend the occluded PPT as a standard screening setting in early drug development. In special cases, considering certain drug aspects or study objectives that would require procedural adaptations, an open PPT could be the better-suited design. Finally, both PPT models show clear advantages: classification as phase I studies, small number of psoriatic subjects, relatively short study duration, excellent discrimination between compounds and concentrations, parallel measurement of treatment response, and go/no go decisions very early in clinical development.
28407625	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28407625	14	23	Occlusive	T169	C1947917
28407625	28	32	Open	T082	C0175566
28407625	33	44	Application	T169	C4048755
28407625	50	78	Psoriasis Plaque Test Design	T062	C0008976
28407625	98	112	Investigations	T169	C1292732
28407625	116	126	Mapracorat	T109,T121	C3252363
28407625	132	140	Ointment	T122	C0028912
28407625	148	155	Vehicle	T122	C0042444
28407625	160	169	Reference	T077	C1706462
28407625	170	175	Drugs	T121	C0013227
28407625	176	198	Psoriasis plaque tests	T062	C0008976
28407625	200	204	PPTs	T062	C0008976
28407625	249	262	antipsoriatic	T121	C1874314
28407625	263	279	drug development	T091	C0872152
28407625	294	304	PPT design	T062	C0008976
28407625	315	319	open	T169	C0013153
28407625	324	349	occluded drug application	T169	C0013153
28407625	469	482	antipsoriatic	T121	C1874314
28407625	495	505	mapracorat	T109,T121	C3252363
28407625	511	519	ointment	T122	C0028912
28407625	524	533	reference	T077	C1706462
28407625	534	539	drugs	T121	C0013227
28407625	563	570	studies	T062	C2603343
28407625	585	589	open	T062	C0008976
28407625	594	614	occluded PPT designs	T062	C0008976
28407625	620	631	drug effect	T169	C0728866
28407625	653	663	sonography	T060	C0041618
28407625	695	704	thickness	T080	C1280412
28407625	707	718	chromametry	T059	C0022885
28407625	737	756	clinical assessment	T033	C3845884
28407625	758	771	Antipsoriatic	T121	C1874314
28407625	772	779	effects	T169	C0728866
28407625	804	809	study	T062	C2603343
28407625	810	815	drugs	T121	C0013227
28407625	824	832	occluded	T062	C0008976
28407625	837	846	open PPTs	T062	C0008976
28407625	872	879	potency	T038	C0678792
28407625	883	902	antipsoriatic drugs	T121	C1874314
28407625	907	914	vehicle	T122	C0042444
28407625	942	955	antipsoriatic	T121	C1874314
28407625	956	962	effect	T169	C0728866
28407625	997	1009	occluded PPT	T062	C0008976
28407625	1019	1027	open PPT	T062	C0008976
28407625	1049	1067	treatment duration	T079	C0444921
28407625	1077	1082	weeks	T079	C0439230
28407625	1085	1091	Effect	T169	C0728866
28407625	1092	1100	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28407625	1106	1110	time	T079	C0040223
28407625	1153	1158	study	T062	C2603343
28407625	1159	1164	drugs	T121	C0013227
28407625	1172	1180	open PPT	T062	C0008976
28407625	1197	1209	occluded PPT	T062	C0008976
28407625	1229	1249	technical challenges	T067	C1710348
28407625	1258	1266	open PPT	T062	C0008976
28407625	1298	1310	occluded PPT	T062	C0008976
28407625	1325	1334	screening	T062	C0013206
28407625	1346	1351	early	T079	C1279919
28407625	1352	1368	drug development	T091	C0872152
28407625	1408	1412	drug	T121	C0013227
28407625	1413	1420	aspects	T080	C1879746
28407625	1424	1429	study	T062	C2603343
28407625	1487	1495	open PPT	T062	C0008976
28407625	1545	1548	PPT	T062	C0008976
28407625	1579	1593	classification	T185	C0008902
28407625	1597	1612	phase I studies	T062	C0920321
28407625	1667	1672	study	T062	C2603343
28407625	1673	1681	duration	T079	C0449238
28407625	1716	1725	compounds	T103	C1706082
28407625	1730	1744	concentrations	T081	C1264643
28407625	1755	1766	measurement	T169	C0242485
28407625	1770	1788	treatment response	T201	C0521982
28407625	1818	1823	early	T079	C1279919
28407625	1827	1847	clinical development	T062	C1512068

28407650|t|Insurance Coverage and Utilization at a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic in a Medicaid Expansion State
28407650|a|In Rhode Island, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act has led to over 95% of the state's population being insured. We evaluated insurance coverage and barriers to insurance use among patients presenting for services at the Rhode Island sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. We analyzed factors associated with insurance coverage and utilization among patients presenting for STD services between July and December 2015. A total of 692 patients had insurance information available; of those, 40% were uninsured. Patients without insurance were more likely than those with insurance to be nonwhite (50% among uninsured, compared with 40% among insured; P = 0.014) and Hispanic or Latino/a (25%, compared with 16%; P = 0.006), and less likely to be men who have sex with men (27%, compared with 39%; P = 0.001). Of those with health insurance, 26% obtained coverage as a result of the Affordable Care Act, and 56% of those were previously uninsured. Among uninsured individuals, barriers to obtaining health insurance included cost and unemployment. Among those with insurance, 43% reported willingness to use insurance for STD services. Barriers to insurance use included concerns about anonymity and out-of-pocket costs. Despite expanded insurance access, many individuals presenting to the Rhode Island STD Clinic were uninsured. Among those who were insured, significant barriers still existed to using insurance. STD clinics continue to play an important role in providing safety-net STD services in states with low uninsured rates. Both public and private insurers are needed to address financial barriers and optimize payment structures for services.
28407650	0	18	Insurance Coverage	T078	C0376629
28407650	23	34	Utilization	T169	C0042153
28407650	40	75	Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic	T073,T093	C0338053
28407650	81	89	Medicaid	T064	C0025071
28407650	100	105	State	T083	C1301808
28407650	109	121	Rhode Island	T083	C0035487
28407650	127	169	Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act	T089	C2936611
28407650	197	204	state's	T083	C1301808
28407650	205	215	population	T081	C0032659
28407650	222	229	insured	T170	C1548605
28407650	234	243	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28407650	244	262	insurance coverage	T078	C0376629
28407650	267	275	barriers	T033	C0243095
28407650	279	288	insurance	T058	C0021682
28407650	299	307	patients	T101	C0030705
28407650	323	331	services	T058	C1704289
28407650	339	351	Rhode Island	T083	C0035487
28407650	352	393	sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic	T073,T093	C0338053
28407650	398	406	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28407650	407	414	factors	T169	C1521761
28407650	415	430	associated with	T080	C0332281
28407650	431	449	insurance coverage	T078	C0376629
28407650	454	465	utilization	T169	C0042153
28407650	472	480	patients	T101	C0030705
28407650	496	499	STD	T047	C0036916
28407650	500	508	services	T058	C1704289
28407650	517	521	July	T080	C3829447
28407650	526	534	December	T080	C3830550
28407650	556	564	patients	T101	C0030705
28407650	569	590	insurance information	T078	C1548070
28407650	591	600	available	T077	C1511733
28407650	621	630	uninsured	T098	C0087134
28407650	632	640	Patients	T101	C0030705
28407650	641	658	without insurance	T098	C0087134
28407650	692	701	insurance	T058	C0021682
28407650	728	737	uninsured	T098	C0087134
28407650	763	770	insured	T170	C1548605
28407650	787	795	Hispanic	T098	C0086409
28407650	799	807	Latino/a	T098	C0086528
28407650	867	870	men	T098	C0025266
28407650	880	883	sex	T040	C0009253
28407650	889	892	men	T098	C0025266
28407650	944	960	health insurance	T058	C0021682
28407650	975	983	coverage	T078	C0376629
28407650	989	995	result	T169	C1274040
28407650	1003	1022	Affordable Care Act	T089	C2936611
28407650	1057	1066	uninsured	T098	C0087134
28407650	1074	1095	uninsured individuals	T098	C0087134
28407650	1097	1105	barriers	T033	C0243095
28407650	1119	1135	health insurance	T058	C0021682
28407650	1145	1149	cost	T081	C0087112
28407650	1154	1166	unemployment	T033	C0041674
28407650	1180	1194	with insurance	T170	C1548605
28407650	1209	1220	willingness	T033	C0600109
28407650	1228	1237	insurance	T058	C0021682
28407650	1242	1245	STD	T047	C0036916
28407650	1246	1254	services	T058	C1704289
28407650	1256	1264	Barriers	T033	C0243095
28407650	1268	1277	insurance	T058	C0021682
28407650	1306	1315	anonymity	T078	C0871649
28407650	1320	1339	out-of-pocket costs	T081	C3815933
28407650	1358	1367	insurance	T058	C0021682
28407650	1368	1374	access	T078	C0015472
28407650	1381	1392	individuals	T098	C0237401
28407650	1411	1423	Rhode Island	T083	C0035487
28407650	1424	1434	STD Clinic	T073,T093	C0338053
28407650	1440	1449	uninsured	T098	C0087134
28407650	1472	1479	insured	T170	C1548605
28407650	1493	1501	barriers	T033	C0243095
28407650	1525	1534	insurance	T058	C0021682
28407650	1536	1547	STD clinics	T073,T093	C0338053
28407650	1596	1606	safety-net	T058	C3658319
28407650	1607	1610	STD	T047	C0036916
28407650	1611	1619	services	T058	C1704289
28407650	1623	1629	states	T083	C1301808
28407650	1639	1648	uninsured	T098	C0087134
28407650	1649	1654	rates	T081	C1521828
28407650	1661	1667	public	T092	C0678367
28407650	1672	1679	private	T092	C0679727
28407650	1680	1688	insurers	T092	C0021675
28407650	1711	1729	financial barriers	T033	C4062976
28407650	1734	1742	optimize	T052	C2698650
28407650	1743	1750	payment	T081	C0680264
28407650	1751	1761	structures	T082	C0678594
28407650	1766	1774	services	T058	C1704289

28408329|t|Highest dominant frequency and rotor positions are robust markers of driver location during noninvasive mapping of atrial fibrillation: A computational study
28408329|a|Dominant frequency (DF) and rotor mapping have been proposed as noninvasive techniques to guide localization of drivers maintaining atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the robustness of both techniques in identifying atrial drivers noninvasively under the effect of electrical noise or model uncertainties. Inverse - computed DFs and phase maps were obtained from 30 different mathematical AF simulations. Epicardial highest dominant frequency (HDF) regions and rotor location were compared with the same inverse - computed measurements after addition of noise to the ECG, size variations of the atria, and linear or angular deviations in the atrial location inside the thorax. Inverse - computed electrograms (EGMs) individually correlated poorly with the original EGMs in the absence of induced uncertainties (0.45 ± 0.12) and were worse with 10-dB noise (0.22 ± 0.11), 3-cm displacement (0.01 ± 0.02), or 36° rotation (0.02 ± 0.03). However, inverse - computed HDF regions showed robustness against induced uncertainties: from 82% ± 18% match for the best conditions, down to 73% ± 23% for 10-dB noise, 77% ± 21% for 5-cm displacement, and 60% ± 22% for 36° rotation. The distance from the inverse - computed rotor to the original rotor was also affected by uncertainties: 0.8 ± 1.61 cm for the best conditions, 2.4 ± 3.6 cm for 10-dB noise, 4.3 ± 3.2 cm for 4-cm displacement, and 4.0 ± 2.1 cm for 36° rotation. Restriction of rotor detections to the HDF area increased rotor detection accuracy from 4.5 ± 4.5 cm to 3.2 ± 3.1 cm (P <.05) with 0-dB noise. The combination of frequency and phase- derived measurements increases the accuracy of noninvasive localization of atrial rotors driving AF in the presence of noise and uncertainties in atrial location or size.
28408329	0	26	Highest dominant frequency	T079	C0439603
28408329	31	46	rotor positions	T082	C0733755
28408329	92	111	noninvasive mapping	T060	C0259832
28408329	115	134	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28408329	138	157	computational study	T059	C4297010
28408329	158	176	Dominant frequency	T060	C0430022
28408329	178	180	DF	T060	C0430022
28408329	186	199	rotor mapping	T060	C0430022
28408329	222	244	noninvasive techniques	T060	C0259832
28408329	254	277	localization of drivers	UnknownType	C0868984
28408329	290	309	atrial fibrillation	T047	C0004238
28408329	311	313	AF	T047	C0004238
28408329	320	341	purpose of this study	UnknownType	C0681832
28408329	349	357	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28408329	362	372	robustness	T080	C2986815
28408329	381	391	techniques	T060	C0430022
28408329	422	435	noninvasively	T185	C2986496
28408329	446	452	effect	T080	C1280500
28408329	456	472	electrical noise	T067	C0028263
28408329	476	481	model	T170	C3161035
28408329	482	495	uncertainties	T033	C0087130
28408329	497	504	Inverse	T080	C0439850
28408329	507	519	computed DFs	T079	C0439603
28408329	580	582	AF	T047	C0004238
28408329	583	594	simulations	T062	C0679083
28408329	596	606	Epicardial	T082	C0442016
28408329	607	633	highest dominant frequency	T079	C0439603
28408329	635	638	HDF	T079	C0439603
28408329	640	647	regions	T082	C0205146
28408329	652	666	rotor location	T082	C0205146
28408329	695	702	inverse	T080	C0439850
28408329	705	726	computed measurements	T169	C0242485
28408329	745	750	noise	T067	C0028263
28408329	758	761	ECG	T060	C1623258
28408329	786	791	atria	T023	C0018792
28408329	797	803	linear	T082	C0205132
28408329	807	814	angular	T082	C0205143
28408329	815	825	deviations	T082	C0012727
28408329	833	848	atrial location	T023	C0018792
28408329	860	866	thorax	T029	C0817096
28408329	868	875	Inverse	T080	C0439850
28408329	878	899	computed electrograms	T034	C2350882
28408329	901	905	EGMs	T034	C2350882
28408329	920	930	correlated	T080	C1707520
28408329	956	960	EGMs	T034	C2350882
28408329	968	975	absence	T169	C0332197
28408329	979	986	induced	T169	C0205263
28408329	987	1000	uncertainties	T033	C0087130
28408329	1041	1046	noise	T067	C0028263
28408329	1067	1079	displacement	T082	C0012727
28408329	1102	1110	rotation	T169	C0035868
28408329	1135	1142	inverse	T080	C0439850
28408329	1145	1165	computed HDF regions	T082	C0205146
28408329	1173	1183	robustness	T080	C2986815
28408329	1200	1213	uncertainties	T033	C0087130
28408329	1289	1294	noise	T067	C0028263
28408329	1315	1327	displacement	T082	C0012727
28408329	1351	1359	rotation	T169	C0035868
28408329	1365	1373	distance	T081	C0012751
28408329	1383	1390	inverse	T080	C0439850
28408329	1393	1407	computed rotor	T169	C0205245
28408329	1424	1429	rotor	T169	C0205245
28408329	1451	1464	uncertainties	T033	C0087130
28408329	1528	1533	noise	T067	C0028263
28408329	1557	1569	displacement	T082	C0012727
28408329	1596	1604	rotation	T169	C0035868
28408329	1621	1626	rotor	T169	C0205245
28408329	1627	1637	detections	T080	C0205396
28408329	1645	1653	HDF area	T082	C0205146
28408329	1654	1663	increased	T081	C0205217
28408329	1664	1669	rotor	T169	C0205245
28408329	1670	1679	detection	T080	C0205396
28408329	1680	1688	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28408329	1742	1747	noise	T067	C0028263
28408329	1753	1764	combination	T080	C0205195
28408329	1768	1777	frequency	T079	C0439603
28408329	1789	1809	derived measurements	T169	C0242485
28408329	1824	1832	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28408329	1836	1847	noninvasive	T185	C2986496
28408329	1848	1860	localization	T169	C0475264
28408329	1864	1877	atrial rotors	T169	C0205245
28408329	1886	1888	AF	T047	C0004238
28408329	1908	1913	noise	T067	C0028263
28408329	1918	1931	uncertainties	T033	C0087130
28408329	1935	1950	atrial location	T023	C0018792
28408329	1954	1958	size	T082	C0456389

28408671|t|Complete Genome Sequences of Chikungunya Viruses Isolated from Plasma Specimens Collected from Haitians in 2014
28408671|a|Ten chikungunya virus isolates from human plasma collected in Haiti from May to August 2014, in the midst of a chikungunya fever outbreak, were fully sequenced. The resulting genomic sequences are nearly identical, and phylogenetic analyses indicate they belong to the Asian lineage of the virus.
28408671	9	25	Genome Sequences	T085	C2348746
28408671	29	48	Chikungunya Viruses	T005	C0008056
28408671	49	57	Isolated	T169	C0205409
28408671	63	69	Plasma	T031	C0032105
28408671	70	89	Specimens Collected	T059	C0200345
28408671	95	103	Haitians	T098	C0239806
28408671	116	133	chikungunya virus	T005	C0008056
28408671	134	142	isolates	T123	C1764827
28408671	148	153	human	T016	C0086418
28408671	154	160	plasma	T031	C0032105
28408671	161	170	collected	T059	C0200345
28408671	174	179	Haiti	T083	C0018510
28408671	223	240	chikungunya fever	T047	C0008055
28408671	241	249	outbreak	T067	C0012652
28408671	262	271	sequenced	T059	C1294197
28408671	287	304	genomic sequences	T085	C2348746
28408671	331	352	phylogenetic analyses	T062	C1519068
28408671	381	386	Asian	T098	C0078988
28408671	387	394	lineage	T077	C1881379
28408671	402	407	virus	T005	C0042776

28408723|t|Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR - Cas13a / C2c2
28408723|a|Rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive nucleic acid detection may aid point-of-care pathogen detection, genotyping, and disease monitoring. The RNA -guided, RNA - targeting clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) effector Cas13a (previously known as C2c2) exhibits a " collateral effect " of promiscuous ribonuclease activity upon target recognition. We combine the collateral effect of Cas13a with isothermal amplification to establish a CRISPR -based diagnostic (CRISPR - Dx), providing rapid DNA or RNA detection with attomolar sensitivity and single-base mismatch specificity. We use this Cas13a -based molecular detection platform, termed Specific High-Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter UnLOCKing (SHERLOCK), to detect specific strains of Zika and Dengue virus, distinguish pathogenic bacteria, genotype human DNA, and identify mutations in cell-free tumor DNA. Furthermore, SHERLOCK reaction reagents can be lyophilized for cold-chain independence and long-term storage and be readily reconstituted on paper for field applications.
28408723	0	22	Nucleic acid detection	T059	C0872232
28408723	28	34	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
28408723	37	43	Cas13a	T116,T123	C0599560
28408723	46	50	C2c2	T116,T123	C0599560
28408723	51	56	Rapid	T080	C0456962
28408723	75	84	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28408723	85	107	nucleic acid detection	T059	C0872232
28408723	112	115	aid	T080	C1269765
28408723	116	129	point-of-care	T078	C1547702
28408723	130	138	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28408723	139	148	detection	T061	C1511790
28408723	150	160	genotyping	T059	C1285573
28408723	166	173	disease	T047	C0012634
28408723	174	184	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28408723	190	193	RNA	T114	C0035668
28408723	203	206	RNA	T114	C0035668
28408723	209	218	targeting	T169	C1521840
28408723	219	276	clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats	T114	C3658200
28408723	278	284	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
28408723	286	294	effector	T116,T123	C0599560
28408723	295	301	Cas13a	T116,T123	C0599560
28408723	323	327	C2c2	T116,T123	C0599560
28408723	342	352	collateral	T082	C1948058
28408723	353	359	effect	T080	C1280500
28408723	377	398	ribonuclease activity	T045	C1148840
28408723	404	410	target	T169	C1521840
28408723	411	422	recognition	T044	C0599844
28408723	427	434	combine	T080	C0205195
28408723	439	449	collateral	T082	C1948058
28408723	450	456	effect	T080	C1280500
28408723	460	466	Cas13a	T116,T123	C0599560
28408723	472	496	isothermal amplification	T059	C3539922
28408723	500	509	establish	T080	C0443211
28408723	512	518	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
28408723	526	536	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28408723	538	544	CRISPR	T114	C3658200
28408723	547	549	Dx	T169	C0348026
28408723	562	567	rapid	T080	C0456962
28408723	568	571	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28408723	575	578	RNA	T114	C0035668
28408723	579	588	detection	T061	C1511790
28408723	594	615	attomolar sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28408723	620	631	single-base	T114	C1704464
28408723	632	640	mismatch	T080	C1881865
28408723	641	652	specificity	T081	C0037791
28408723	666	672	Cas13a	T116,T123	C0599560
28408723	680	689	molecular	T080	C1521991
28408723	690	699	detection	T061	C1511790
28408723	700	708	platform	T075	C1710360
28408723	717	771	Specific High-Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter UnLOCKing	T075	C1710360
28408723	773	781	SHERLOCK	T075	C1710360
28408723	787	793	detect	T033	C0442726
28408723	794	802	specific	T080	C0205369
28408723	803	810	strains	T001	C1518614
28408723	814	818	Zika	T005	C0318793
28408723	823	835	Dengue virus	T005	C0011315
28408723	849	859	pathogenic	T001	C0450254
28408723	860	868	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28408723	870	878	genotype	T032	C0017431
28408723	879	884	human	T016	C0086418
28408723	885	888	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28408723	894	902	identify	T080	C0205396
28408723	903	912	mutations	T045	C0026882
28408723	916	925	cell-free	T026	C0007625
28408723	926	935	tumor DNA	T114	C0012930
28408723	950	958	SHERLOCK	T075	C1710360
28408723	959	967	reaction	T169	C0443286
28408723	968	976	reagents	T130	C0034760
28408723	984	995	lyophilized	T059	C0016698
28408723	1000	1010	cold-chain	T066	C0282332
28408723	1028	1037	long-term	T079	C0443252
28408723	1038	1045	storage	T169	C1698986
28408723	1088	1106	field applications	UnknownType	C0869019

28408903|t|Anti-bacterial and Anti-biofilm Evaluation of Thiazolopyrimidinone Derivatives Targeting the Histidine Kinase YycG Protein of Staphylococcus epidermidis
28408903|a|Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens in nosocomial infections. The main pathogenicity associated with S. epidermidis involves the formation of biofilms on implanted medical devices, biofilms dramatically decrease the efficacy of conventional antibiotics and the host immune system. This emphasizes the urgent need for designing novel anti-staphylococcal biofilm agents. Based on the findings that compound 5, targeting the histidine kinase domain of S. epidermidis YycG, possessed bactericidal activity against staphylococci, 39 derivatives of compound 5 with intact thiazolopyrimidinone core structures were newly designed, 7 derivatives were further screened to explore their anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities. The seven derivatives strongly inhibited the growth of S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus in the minimal inhibitory concentration range of 1.56-6.25 μM. All the derivatives reduced the proportion of viable cells in mature biofilms. They all displayed low cytotoxicity on mammalian cells and were not hemolytic to human erythrocytes. The biofilm inhibition activities of four derivatives (H5-32, H5-33, H5-34, and H5-35) were further investigated under shearing forces, they all led to significant decreases in the biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. These results were suggestive that the seven derivatives of compound 5 have the potential to be developed into agents for eradicating biofilm -associated infections.
28408903	0	42	Anti-bacterial and Anti-biofilm Evaluation	T039	C0544570
28408903	46	78	Thiazolopyrimidinone Derivatives	T121	C1254351
28408903	93	109	Histidine Kinase	T116,T126	C0072399
28408903	110	152	YycG Protein of Staphylococcus epidermidis	T116,T126	C1870317
28408903	153	179	Staphylococcus epidermidis	T007	C0038174
28408903	223	232	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28408903	236	257	nosocomial infections	T047	C0205721
28408903	268	281	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
28408903	282	297	associated with	T080	C0332281
28408903	298	312	S. epidermidis	T007	C0038174
28408903	339	347	biofilms	T007	C0081786
28408903	351	376	implanted medical devices	T074	C2735362
28408903	378	386	biofilms	T007	C0081786
28408903	413	421	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28408903	438	449	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28408903	458	462	host	T001	C1167395
28408903	463	476	immune system	T022	C0020962
28408903	524	529	novel	T080	C0205314
28408903	530	564	anti-staphylococcal biofilm agents	T195	C0279516
28408903	593	603	compound 5	T121	C1254351
28408903	619	642	histidine kinase domain	T116,T126	C0072399
28408903	646	665	S. epidermidis YycG	T116,T126	C1870317
28408903	677	698	bactericidal activity	T039	C0544570
28408903	707	720	staphylococci	T007	C0038174
28408903	725	799	derivatives of compound 5 with intact thiazolopyrimidinone core structures	T104	C0243072
28408903	805	810	newly	T080	C0205314
28408903	821	834	7 derivatives	T104	C0243072
28408903	848	856	screened	T059	C0373483
28408903	874	916	anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities	T039	C0544570
28408903	922	939	seven derivatives	T121	C1254351
28408903	949	969	inhibited the growth	T043	C2244509
28408903	973	987	S. epidermidis	T007	C0038174
28408903	992	1013	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28408903	1021	1053	minimal inhibitory concentration	T059	C0427978
28408903	1085	1096	derivatives	T104	C0243072
28408903	1123	1135	viable cells	T025	C1441322
28408903	1146	1154	biofilms	T007	C0081786
28408903	1175	1178	low	T080	C0205251
28408903	1179	1191	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28408903	1195	1210	mammalian cells	T025	C1512977
28408903	1224	1233	hemolytic	T034	C2945560
28408903	1237	1242	human	T016	C0086418
28408903	1243	1255	erythrocytes	T025	C0014792
28408903	1261	1268	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28408903	1269	1290	inhibition activities	T052	C3463820
28408903	1299	1310	derivatives	T104	C0243072
28408903	1312	1317	H5-32	T121	C1254351
28408903	1319	1324	H5-33	T121	C1254351
28408903	1326	1331	H5-34	T121	C1254351
28408903	1337	1342	H5-35	T121	C1254351
28408903	1376	1391	shearing forces	T070	C4061033
28408903	1438	1445	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28408903	1459	1473	S. epidermidis	T007	C0038174
28408903	1514	1545	seven derivatives of compound 5	T121	C1254351
28408903	1597	1608	eradicating	T061	C2728502
28408903	1609	1616	biofilm	T007	C0081786
28408903	1629	1639	infections	T046	C3714514

28409370|t|A plea for thoracoscopic resection of solitary pulmonary nodule in cancer patients
28409370|a|Solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) are frequently detected in cancer patients. These lesions are often considered as pulmonary metastases and increasingly treated by non-surgical techniques without histological confirmation. The aim of this study is to determine the histological nature of SPN resected by thoracoscopy and to identify risk factors of malignancy. Single-institution retrospective analysis of all consecutive patients with previously known malignancies who underwent thoracoscopic resection of SPN with unknown diagnosis between 2001 and 2014. One hundred and forty cancer patients underwent thoracoscopic resection of a SPN. The resected SPN was benign in 34 patients (24.3%) and malignant in 106 patients. The latter were metastasis in 70 patients (50%) and a primary lung cancer in 36 patients (25.7%). Upon univariate analysis, malignancy was significantly associated with age >60 years, disease -free interval ≥24 months, SPN size >8 mm, upper lobe localization and SUVmax > 2.5 on PET-CT. Upon multivariate analysis, upper lobe localization and SUVmax > 2.5 were associated with malignancy. Smoking was significantly associated with SPN containing primary lung cancer. In this series, only 50% of SPN in patients with known malignant disease were pulmonary metastases and 25% had a newly diagnosed NSCLC. Smoking was associated with primary lung cancer but no other predictor was found to allow the distinction between pulmonary metastasis and lung cancer. These results endorse the need of histological confirmation of SPN in patients with previous malignancies to avoid diagnostic uncertainty and suboptimal treatments.
28409370	11	24	thoracoscopic	T058	C0039989
28409370	25	34	resection	T061	C0015252
28409370	38	63	solitary pulmonary nodule	T191	C2350019
28409370	67	73	cancer	T191	C0006826
28409370	74	82	patients	T101	C0030705
28409370	83	109	Solitary pulmonary nodules	T191	C2350019
28409370	111	114	SPN	T191	C2350019
28409370	131	139	detected	T033	C0442726
28409370	143	149	cancer	T191	C0006826
28409370	150	158	patients	T101	C0030705
28409370	166	173	lesions	T033	C0577916
28409370	198	218	pulmonary metastases	T191	C0153676
28409370	223	235	increasingly	T169	C0442808
28409370	236	243	treated	T169	C1522326
28409370	247	270	non-surgical techniques	T061	C0087111
28409370	279	291	histological	T169	C0205462
28409370	292	304	confirmation	T033	C0750484
28409370	348	360	histological	T169	C0205462
28409370	361	367	nature	T169	C1262865
28409370	371	374	SPN	T191	C2350019
28409370	375	383	resected	T080	C1521996
28409370	387	399	thoracoscopy	T058	C0039989
28409370	416	428	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28409370	432	442	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28409370	444	485	Single-institution retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
28409370	493	504	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28409370	505	513	patients	T101	C0030705
28409370	536	548	malignancies	T191	C4282132
28409370	563	576	thoracoscopic	T058	C0039989
28409370	577	586	resection	T061	C0015252
28409370	590	593	SPN	T191	C2350019
28409370	599	606	unknown	T080	C0439673
28409370	607	616	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28409370	662	668	cancer	T191	C0006826
28409370	669	677	patients	T101	C0030705
28409370	688	701	thoracoscopic	T058	C0039989
28409370	702	711	resection	T061	C0015252
28409370	717	720	SPN	T191	C2350019
28409370	726	734	resected	T080	C1521996
28409370	735	738	SPN	T191	C2350019
28409370	743	749	benign	T080	C0205183
28409370	756	764	patients	T101	C0030705
28409370	777	786	malignant	T080	C0205282
28409370	794	802	patients	T101	C0030705
28409370	820	830	metastasis	T191	C0027627
28409370	837	845	patients	T101	C0030705
28409370	858	865	primary	T080	C0205225
28409370	866	877	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28409370	884	892	patients	T101	C0030705
28409370	907	926	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28409370	928	938	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28409370	957	972	associated with	T080	C0332281
28409370	973	976	age	T032	C0001779
28409370	981	986	years	T079	C1510829
28409370	988	995	disease	T047	C0012634
28409370	1002	1010	interval	T079	C1272706
28409370	1015	1021	months	T079	C0439231
28409370	1023	1026	SPN	T191	C2350019
28409370	1027	1031	size	T082	C0475440
28409370	1039	1049	upper lobe	T023	C0225756
28409370	1050	1062	localization	T169	C0475264
28409370	1067	1073	SUVmax	T081	C2986846
28409370	1083	1089	PET-CT	T060	C1699633
28409370	1096	1117	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28409370	1119	1129	upper lobe	T023	C0225756
28409370	1130	1142	localization	T169	C0475264
28409370	1147	1153	SUVmax	T081	C2986846
28409370	1165	1180	associated with	T080	C0332281
28409370	1181	1191	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28409370	1193	1200	Smoking	T055	C0037369
28409370	1219	1234	associated with	T080	C0332281
28409370	1235	1238	SPN	T191	C2350019
28409370	1250	1257	primary	T080	C0205225
28409370	1258	1269	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28409370	1279	1285	series	T081	C0205549
28409370	1299	1302	SPN	T191	C2350019
28409370	1306	1314	patients	T101	C0030705
28409370	1326	1343	malignant disease	T047	C0442867
28409370	1349	1369	pulmonary metastases	T191	C0153676
28409370	1384	1399	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
28409370	1400	1405	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28409370	1407	1414	Smoking	T055	C0037369
28409370	1419	1434	associated with	T080	C0332281
28409370	1435	1442	primary	T080	C0205225
28409370	1443	1454	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28409370	1459	1461	no	T033	C1513916
28409370	1468	1477	predictor	T078	C2698872
28409370	1521	1541	pulmonary metastasis	T191	C0153676
28409370	1546	1557	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28409370	1593	1605	histological	T169	C0205462
28409370	1606	1618	confirmation	T033	C0750484
28409370	1622	1625	SPN	T191	C2350019
28409370	1629	1637	patients	T101	C0030705
28409370	1643	1651	previous	T079	C0205156
28409370	1652	1664	malignancies	T191	C4282132
28409370	1674	1684	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28409370	1685	1696	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28409370	1701	1711	suboptimal	T080	C2984009
28409370	1712	1722	treatments	T061	C0087111

28409651|t|Reliability of Fear Assessment in Growing Pigs Exposed to a Novel Object Test in Commercial Conditions
28409651|a|The objective of this study was to assess the reliability and feasibility of a novel object test assessing fear in pigs in commercial conditions. A total of 18 commercial farms were visited, and 321 pens housing 4,220 growing pigs were assessed. Three balloons were used as a novel stimulus. Measures were (a) the time it took for the first pig to contact 1 of the balloons, (b) percentage of nonhuman animals watching the balloons each for 10 s, and (c) percentage of animals touching the balloons during periods of 5 s. The time of the first pig to contact 1 of the balloons ranged from 0 s to 362 s. An effect of the farm was found (p < .0001) for contact latency, ranging from 6.8 s to 73.3 s, but little difference was found in terms of intrafarm variability. Interobserver repeatability was also high in this measure, ranging from r = .74 to r = .96. As a result, it is concluded that contact latency could be a good measure to assess fear of a novel stimulus in commercial farms.
28409651	0	11	Reliability	T080	C0205556
28409651	15	30	Fear Assessment	T058	C4040543
28409651	34	41	Growing	T033	C3687568
28409651	42	46	Pigs	T015	C0039005
28409651	47	57	Exposed to	T080	C0332157
28409651	60	65	Novel	T080	C0205314
28409651	66	72	Object	T072	C0347997
28409651	73	77	Test	T169	C0039593
28409651	81	91	Commercial	T170	C0680536
28409651	92	102	Conditions	T080	C0348080
28409651	107	116	objective	T170	C0018017
28409651	138	144	assess	T052	C1516048
28409651	149	160	reliability	T080	C0205556
28409651	165	176	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28409651	182	187	novel	T080	C0205314
28409651	188	194	object	T072	C0347997
28409651	195	199	test	T169	C0039593
28409651	200	214	assessing fear	T058	C2364227
28409651	218	222	pigs	T015	C0039005
28409651	226	236	commercial	T170	C0680536
28409651	237	247	conditions	T080	C0348080
28409651	263	273	commercial	T170	C0680536
28409651	274	279	farms	T082	C0557759
28409651	302	314	pens housing	T073	C0020057
28409651	321	328	growing	T033	C3687568
28409651	329	333	pigs	T015	C0039005
28409651	339	347	assessed	T052	C1516048
28409651	355	363	balloons	T073	C3273359
28409651	379	384	novel	T015	C0039005
28409651	385	393	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28409651	395	403	Measures	T081	C0079809
28409651	417	421	time	T079	C0040223
28409651	444	447	pig	T015	C0039005
28409651	451	458	contact	T067	C0392367
28409651	468	476	balloons	T073	C3273359
28409651	496	504	nonhuman	T015	C0237798
28409651	505	512	animals	T008	C0003062
28409651	513	521	watching	T041	C2371283
28409651	526	534	balloons	T073	C3273359
28409651	572	579	animals	T008	C0003062
28409651	580	588	touching	T169	C2584295
28409651	593	601	balloons	T073	C3273359
28409651	609	616	periods	T079	C1948053
28409651	629	633	time	T079	C0040223
28409651	647	650	pig	T015	C0039005
28409651	654	661	contact	T067	C0392367
28409651	671	679	balloons	T073	C3273359
28409651	680	686	ranged	T081	C1514721
28409651	709	715	effect	T080	C1280500
28409651	723	727	farm	T082	C0557759
28409651	754	761	contact	T067	C0392367
28409651	762	769	latency	T079	C0242465
28409651	771	778	ranging	T081	C1514721
28409651	812	822	difference	T080	C1705242
28409651	845	854	intrafarm	T082	C0557759
28409651	855	866	variability	T077	C2827666
28409651	868	895	Interobserver repeatability	T170	C0870736
28409651	905	909	high	T080	C0205250
28409651	918	925	measure	T081	C0079809
28409651	927	934	ranging	T081	C1514721
28409651	994	1001	contact	T067	C0392367
28409651	1002	1009	latency	T079	C0242465
28409651	1026	1033	measure	T081	C0079809
28409651	1037	1043	assess	T052	C1516048
28409651	1044	1048	fear	T041	C0015726
28409651	1060	1068	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28409651	1072	1082	commercial	T170	C0680536
28409651	1083	1088	farms	T082	C0557759

28409856|t|Pleural malignant mesothelioma in dental laboratory technicians: A case series
28409856|a|Asbestos was used in dentistry as a binder in periodontal dressings and as lining material for casting rings and crucible. However, until now, only one case of malignant mesothelioma with occupational exposure to asbestos in dental practice has been reported. We present 4 pleural mesotheliomas out of 5344 cases identified in Lombardy, Italy, in 2000-2014. Three men had been working as dental laboratory technicians, with asbestos exposure for 10, 34, and 4 years, and one woman had been helping her husband for 30 years in manufacturing dental prostheses. The men described the use of asbestos as a lining material for casting rings, while the woman was not able to confirm this use. We confirm the association of malignant mesothelioma with dental technician work. Dental technicians suffering from mesothelioma should be questioned about past occupational asbestos exposure.
28409856	0	30	Pleural malignant mesothelioma	T191	C0812413
28409856	34	63	dental laboratory technicians	T097	C1555927
28409856	67	78	case series	T062	C0150093
28409856	79	87	Asbestos	T131,T197	C0003947
28409856	100	109	dentistry	T091	C0011438
28409856	115	121	binder	T122	C1706253
28409856	125	146	periodontal dressings	T074	C0031091
28409856	154	169	lining material	T122	C0584855
28409856	174	187	casting rings	T061	C3826475
28409856	239	261	malignant mesothelioma	T191	C0345967
28409856	267	279	occupational	T169	C0521127
28409856	280	300	exposure to asbestos	T037	C0003948
28409856	304	319	dental practice	T091	C0017318
28409856	329	337	reported	T058	C0700287
28409856	342	349	present	T033	C0150312
28409856	352	373	pleural mesotheliomas	T191	C0812413
28409856	386	391	cases	T169	C0868928
28409856	392	402	identified	T080	C0205396
28409856	406	414	Lombardy	T083	C0017446
28409856	416	421	Italy	T083	C0022277
28409856	443	446	men	T098	C0025266
28409856	467	496	dental laboratory technicians	T097	C1555927
28409856	503	520	asbestos exposure	T037	C0003948
28409856	554	559	woman	T098	C0043210
28409856	581	588	husband	T099	C0242664
28409856	605	618	manufacturing	T057	C0870840
28409856	619	636	dental prostheses	T074	C0162686
28409856	642	645	men	T098	C0025266
28409856	646	655	described	T078	C1552738
28409856	667	675	asbestos	T131,T197	C0003947
28409856	681	696	lining material	T122	C0584855
28409856	701	714	casting rings	T074	C0180333
28409856	726	731	woman	T098	C0043210
28409856	748	755	confirm	T080	C1456348
28409856	769	776	confirm	T080	C1456348
28409856	796	818	malignant mesothelioma	T191	C0345967
28409856	824	841	dental technician	T097	C0011424
28409856	848	866	Dental technicians	T097	C0011424
28409856	867	876	suffering	T184	C0751408
28409856	882	894	mesothelioma	T191	C0025500
28409856	927	939	occupational	T169	C0521127
28409856	940	957	asbestos exposure	T037	C0003948

28410205|t|Variant 2 of KIAA0101, antagonizing its oncogenic variant 1, might be a potential therapeutic strategy in hepatocellular carcinoma
28410205|a|Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors worldwide and effective therapies, including molecular therapy, remain elusive. Our previous work demonstrates that oncogenic KIAA0101 transcript variant (tv) 1 promotes HCC development and might be a HCC therapeutic target. However, the function of another KIAA0101 variant, KIAA0101 tv2, remains unknown. In this study, we reported that KIAA0101 tv2 was highly expressed in adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues (NTs) compared to HCC tissues. In vivo and in vitro results showed that KIAA0101 tv2 decreased cell survival, colony formation, tumor xenografts, migration, and invasion, as well as induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Interestingly, it could inhibit the function of KIAA0101 tv1 by partially down-regulating KIAA0101 tv1, acting similar to KIAA0101 tv1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Further studies illustrated that KIAA0101 tv2 could increase the activity of p53 by competing with KIAA0101 tv1 for P53 binding. In conclusion, KIAA0101 tv2 exerts anti-tumor activity in HCC and acts as an endogenous competitor of tumor-associated KIAA0101 tv1. KIAA0101 tv2 has a potential to work as a therapeutic drug targeting the KIAA0101 tv1 in HCC.
28410205	0	9	Variant 2	T028	C0678941
28410205	13	21	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	40	49	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
28410205	50	59	variant 1	T028	C0678941
28410205	82	102	therapeutic strategy	T061	C0087111
28410205	106	130	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28410205	131	155	Hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28410205	157	160	HCC	T191	C2239176
28410205	181	187	lethal	T033	C3151529
28410205	188	204	malignant tumors	T191	C0006826
28410205	205	214	worldwide	T098	C2700280
28410205	229	238	therapies	T061	C0087111
28410205	250	267	molecular therapy	T061	C0017296
28410205	276	283	elusive	T080	C0332218
28410205	321	330	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
28410205	331	339	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	340	358	transcript variant	T028	C0678941
28410205	359	365	(tv) 1	T028	C0678941
28410205	366	374	promotes	T052	C0033414
28410205	375	378	HCC	T191	C2239176
28410205	379	390	development	T169	C1527148
28410205	406	409	HCC	T191	C2239176
28410205	410	421	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28410205	422	428	target	T169	C1521840
28410205	443	451	function	T169	C0542341
28410205	463	471	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	472	479	variant	T028	C0678941
28410205	481	489	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	490	493	tv2	T028	C0678941
28410205	503	510	unknown	T080	C0439673
28410205	544	552	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	553	556	tv2	T028	C0678941
28410205	561	567	highly	T080	C0205250
28410205	568	577	expressed	T045	C0017262
28410205	581	589	adjacent	T082	C0205117
28410205	590	616	non-tumorous liver tissues	T023	C0736268
28410205	618	621	NTs	T023	C0736268
28410205	623	631	compared	T052	C1707455
28410205	635	638	HCC	T191	C2239176
28410205	639	646	tissues	T023	C0736268
28410205	648	655	In vivo	T062	C0681829
28410205	660	668	in vitro	T062	C0681828
28410205	669	683	results showed	T033	C0683954
28410205	689	697	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	698	701	tv2	T028	C0678941
28410205	702	711	decreased	T081	C0205216
28410205	712	725	cell survival	T043	C0007620
28410205	727	733	colony	T025	C1947989
28410205	734	743	formation	T169	C1522492
28410205	745	761	tumor xenografts	T059	C0917891
28410205	763	772	migration	T043	C1622501
28410205	778	786	invasion	T033	C1269955
28410205	799	806	induced	T169	C0205263
28410205	807	824	cell cycle arrest	T043	C1155873
28410205	829	838	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28410205	864	871	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28410205	876	884	function	T169	C0542341
28410205	888	896	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	897	900	tv1	T028	C0678941
28410205	904	913	partially	T081	C0728938
28410205	914	929	down-regulating	T169	C1260953
28410205	930	938	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	939	942	tv1	T028	C0678941
28410205	962	970	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	971	974	tv1	T028	C0678941
28410205	975	992	short hairpin RNA	T114	C2930586
28410205	994	999	shRNA	T114	C2930586
28410205	1035	1043	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	1044	1047	tv2	T028	C0678941
28410205	1054	1062	increase	T169	C0442805
28410205	1067	1075	activity	T169	C0205177
28410205	1079	1082	p53	T028	C0079419
28410205	1101	1109	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	1110	1113	tv1	T028	C0678941
28410205	1118	1129	P53 binding	T044	C1817303
28410205	1146	1154	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	1155	1158	tv2	T028	C0678941
28410205	1166	1176	anti-tumor	T080	C2986475
28410205	1177	1185	activity	T169	C0205177
28410205	1189	1192	HCC	T191	C2239176
28410205	1208	1218	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28410205	1233	1258	tumor-associated KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	1259	1262	tv1	T028	C0678941
28410205	1264	1272	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	1273	1276	tv2	T028	C0678941
28410205	1306	1322	therapeutic drug	T121	C1254351
28410205	1323	1332	targeting	T063	C0242613
28410205	1337	1345	KIAA0101	T028	C1537443
28410205	1346	1349	tv1	T028	C0678941
28410205	1353	1356	HCC	T191	C2239176

28410350|t|Education, socioeconomic status and intelligence in childhood and stroke risk in later life: A meta-analysis
28410350|a|Stroke is the second most common cause of death, and a common cause of dependency and dementia. Adult vascular risk factors and socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with increased risk, but less is known about early life risk factors, such as education, childhood SES, or intelligence (IQ). We comprehensively searched Medline, PsycINFO and EMBASE from inception to November 2015. We included all studies reporting data on >50 strokes examining childhood /premorbid IQ, SES, and education. Two reviewers independently screened full texts and extracted and cross-checked data, including available risk-factor adjustments. We meta-analyzed stroke risk using hazard ratios (HR), odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD). We tested effects of study and participant characteristics in sensitivity analyses and meta-regression, and assessed heterogeneity and publication bias. We identified 90 studies examining stroke risk and education (79), SES (10), or IQ (nine) including approximately 161,001 stroke and over 5 million stroke-free participants. Stroke risk increased with lower education (OR =1.35, 95% CI =1.24 to 1.48), SES (OR =1.28, 95% CI =1.12 to 1.46) and IQ (HR =1.17, 95% CI =1.00 to 1.37) in studies reporting point estimates, with similar associations for MD. We found minimal publication bias. Between-study heterogeneity was partly explained by participant age and case ascertainment method. Education, childhood SES and intelligence have modest but important associations with lifetime stroke, and hence dementia, risks. Future studies distinguishing between the individual and combined effects of education, childhood SES and intelligence are needed to determine the independent contribution of each factor to stroke risk.
28410350	0	9	Education	T065	C0013621
28410350	11	31	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
28410350	36	48	intelligence	T041	C0021704
28410350	52	61	childhood	T079	C0231335
28410350	66	77	stroke risk	T170	C1277291
28410350	95	108	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28410350	109	115	Stroke	T047	C0038454
28410350	135	141	common	T081	C0205214
28410350	142	156	cause of death	T033	C0007465
28410350	164	170	common	T081	C0205214
28410350	180	190	dependency	T041	C0011546
28410350	195	203	dementia	T048	C0497327
28410350	205	210	Adult	T100	C0001675
28410350	211	219	vascular	T023	C0005847
28410350	220	232	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28410350	237	257	socioeconomic status	T080	C0086996
28410350	259	262	SES	T080	C0086996
28410350	268	283	associated with	T080	C0332281
28410350	284	293	increased	T081	C0205217
28410350	294	298	risk	T078	C0035647
28410350	324	329	early	T079	C1279919
28410350	330	334	life	T078	C0376558
28410350	335	347	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28410350	357	366	education	T065	C0013621
28410350	368	377	childhood	T079	C0231335
28410350	378	381	SES	T080	C0086996
28410350	386	398	intelligence	T041	C0021704
28410350	400	402	IQ	T065	C0013621
28410350	424	432	searched	T052	C1706202
28410350	433	440	Medline	T170	C0025141
28410350	442	450	PsycINFO	T170	C1140129
28410350	455	461	EMBASE	T170	C0242356
28410350	511	518	studies	T062	C0008972
28410350	519	528	reporting	T058	C0700287
28410350	529	533	data	T078	C1511726
28410350	541	548	strokes	T047	C0038454
28410350	559	568	childhood	T079	C0231335
28410350	580	582	IQ	T065	C0013621
28410350	584	587	SES	T080	C0086996
28410350	593	602	education	T065	C0013621
28410350	608	617	reviewers	T098	C1882950
28410350	670	688	cross-checked data	T078	C1511726
28410350	710	721	risk-factor	T033	C0035648
28410350	722	733	adjustments	T169	C0456081
28410350	738	751	meta-analyzed	T062	C0920317
28410350	752	763	stroke risk	T170	C1277291
28410350	770	783	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
28410350	785	787	HR	T081	C2985465
28410350	790	801	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28410350	803	805	OR	T081	C0028873
28410350	811	815	mean	T081	C0444504
28410350	816	827	differences	T081	C1705241
28410350	829	831	MD	T081	C1705241
28410350	844	854	effects of	T080	C1704420
28410350	865	876	participant	T098	C0679646
28410350	877	892	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28410350	896	916	sensitivity analyses	T081	C0036667
28410350	921	936	meta-regression	T170	C0034980
28410350	942	950	assessed	T052	C1516048
28410350	951	964	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28410350	969	985	publication bias	T080	C0206086
28410350	990	1000	identified	T080	C0205396
28410350	1004	1011	studies	T062	C0008972
28410350	1022	1033	stroke risk	T170	C1277291
28410350	1038	1047	education	T065	C0013621
28410350	1054	1057	SES	T080	C0086996
28410350	1067	1069	IQ	T065	C0013621
28410350	1087	1100	approximately	T080	C0332232
28410350	1109	1115	stroke	T047	C0038454
28410350	1147	1159	participants	T098	C0679646
28410350	1161	1172	Stroke risk	T170	C1277291
28410350	1173	1182	increased	T081	C0205217
28410350	1194	1203	education	T065	C0013621
28410350	1205	1207	OR	T081	C0028873
28410350	1219	1221	CI	T081	C0009667
28410350	1238	1241	SES	T080	C0086996
28410350	1243	1245	OR	T081	C0028873
28410350	1257	1259	CI	T081	C0009667
28410350	1279	1281	IQ	T065	C0013621
28410350	1283	1285	HR	T081	C2985465
28410350	1297	1299	CI	T081	C0009667
28410350	1318	1325	studies	T062	C0008972
28410350	1358	1365	similar	T080	C2348205
28410350	1366	1378	associations	T080	C0439849
28410350	1383	1385	MD	T081	C1705241
28410350	1404	1420	publication bias	T080	C0206086
28410350	1436	1449	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28410350	1474	1485	participant	T098	C0679646
28410350	1486	1489	age	T032	C0001779
28410350	1494	1519	case ascertainment method	T170	C0025663
28410350	1521	1530	Education	T065	C0013621
28410350	1532	1541	childhood	T079	C0231335
28410350	1542	1545	SES	T080	C0086996
28410350	1550	1562	intelligence	T041	C0021704
28410350	1589	1601	associations	T080	C0439849
28410350	1607	1615	lifetime	T079	C4071830
28410350	1616	1622	stroke	T047	C0038454
28410350	1634	1642	dementia	T048	C0497327
28410350	1644	1649	risks	T078	C0035647
28410350	1658	1665	studies	T062	C0008972
28410350	1708	1716	combined	T080	C0205195
28410350	1717	1727	effects of	T080	C1704420
28410350	1728	1737	education	T065	C0013621
28410350	1739	1748	childhood	T079	C0231335
28410350	1749	1752	SES	T080	C0086996
28410350	1757	1769	intelligence	T041	C0021704
28410350	1810	1822	contribution	T052	C1880177
28410350	1831	1837	factor	T169	C1521761
28410350	1841	1852	stroke risk	T170	C1277291

28410389|t|Molecular subtyping of Treponema pallidum and associated factors of serofast status in early syphilis patients: Identified novel genotype and cytokine marker
28410389|a|Serofast, a persistent nontreponemal serological response observed in early syphilis patients after conventional treatment, remains a concern of clinicians and syphilis patients. No consensus has been established, however, that defines an effective treatment strategy and clarifies the pathogenesis. In this study, 517 patients with early syphilis were enrolled and treated. Twelve months after treatment, 79.3% (410/517) of patients achieved serological cure, 20.1% (104/517) were serofast, and 0.6% (3/517) were serological failures. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that older age (>40 years) and lower baseline RPR titer (≤ 1:8) were associated with serofast status. We also identified 21 T. pallidum molecular subtypes among early syphilis patients and detected a new subtype, 14i/a. We found that the proportion of 14i/a type in serofast patients was significantly higher than that in patients with serological cure, predicting an increasing risk of serofast status. Levels of chemerin were higher in the serum of serofast cases than serological cure cases, potentially indicating a novel cytokine marker for serofast in early syphilis patients after therapy. We hope that these results contribute to improve guidelines for the management of syphilis patients who experience serofast.
28410389	0	19	Molecular subtyping	T059	C1294399
28410389	23	41	Treponema pallidum	T007	C0040840
28410389	46	64	associated factors	T169	C1521761
28410389	68	76	serofast	T033	C3841011
28410389	77	83	status	T080	C0449438
28410389	87	101	early syphilis	T047	C0348148
28410389	102	110	patients	T101	C0030705
28410389	112	122	Identified	T080	C0205396
28410389	129	137	genotype	T032	C0017431
28410389	142	150	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28410389	151	157	marker	T201	C0005516
28410389	158	166	Serofast	T033	C3841011
28410389	170	180	persistent	T079	C0205322
28410389	181	206	nontreponemal serological	T169	C0205473
28410389	207	215	response	T201	C0521982
28410389	216	224	observed	T169	C1441672
28410389	228	242	early syphilis	T047	C0348148
28410389	243	251	patients	T101	C0030705
28410389	258	280	conventional treatment	T061	C2945704
28410389	292	299	concern	T078	C2699424
28410389	303	313	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28410389	318	326	syphilis	T047	C0348148
28410389	327	335	patients	T101	C0030705
28410389	397	406	effective	T080	C1704419
28410389	407	425	treatment strategy	T061	C0040808
28410389	430	439	clarifies	T052	C2986669
28410389	444	456	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28410389	466	471	study	T062	C2603343
28410389	477	485	patients	T101	C0030705
28410389	491	505	early syphilis	T047	C0348148
28410389	511	519	enrolled	T058	C1516879
28410389	524	531	treated	T169	C1522326
28410389	540	546	months	T079	C0439231
28410389	553	562	treatment	T061	C0087111
28410389	583	591	patients	T101	C0030705
28410389	601	612	serological	T169	C0205473
28410389	613	617	cure	T077	C1880198
28410389	640	648	serofast	T033	C3841011
28410389	672	683	serological	T169	C0205473
28410389	684	692	failures	T169	C0231174
28410389	694	715	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28410389	734	743	older age	T098	C1999167
28410389	749	754	years	T079	C0439234
28410389	766	774	baseline	T081	C1442488
28410389	775	784	RPR titer	T059	C3835799
28410389	798	813	associated with	T080	C0332281
28410389	814	822	serofast	T033	C3841011
28410389	823	829	status	T080	C0449438
28410389	853	864	T. pallidum	T007	C0040840
28410389	865	883	molecular subtypes	T185	C0449560
28410389	890	904	early syphilis	T047	C0348148
28410389	905	913	patients	T101	C0030705
28410389	933	947	subtype, 14i/a	T185	C0449560
28410389	981	991	14i/a type	T185	C0449560
28410389	995	1003	serofast	T033	C3841011
28410389	1004	1012	patients	T101	C0030705
28410389	1051	1059	patients	T101	C0030705
28410389	1065	1076	serological	T169	C0205473
28410389	1077	1081	cure	T077	C1880198
28410389	1097	1107	increasing	T169	C0442808
28410389	1108	1112	risk	T078	C0035647
28410389	1116	1124	serofast	T033	C3841011
28410389	1125	1131	status	T080	C0449438
28410389	1125	1131	status	T080	C0449438
28410389	1133	1139	Levels	T080	C0441889
28410389	1143	1151	chemerin	T116,T123	C1312957
28410389	1157	1163	higher	T080	C0205250
28410389	1171	1176	serum	T031	C0229671
28410389	1180	1188	serofast	T033	C3841011
28410389	1200	1211	serological	T169	C0205473
28410389	1212	1216	cure	T077	C1880198
28410389	1255	1263	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28410389	1264	1270	marker	T201	C0005516
28410389	1275	1283	serofast	T033	C3841011
28410389	1287	1301	early syphilis	T047	C0348148
28410389	1302	1310	patients	T101	C0030705
28410389	1317	1324	therapy	T061	C0087111
28410389	1345	1352	results	T169	C1274040
28410389	1353	1363	contribute	T052	C1880177
28410389	1367	1374	improve	T033	C0184511
28410389	1375	1385	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28410389	1394	1404	management	T058	C0376636
28410389	1408	1416	syphilis	T047	C0348148
28410389	1417	1425	patients	T101	C0030705
28410389	1441	1449	serofast	T033	C3841011

28410411|t|Hepatitis C virus impairs natural killer cell activity via viral serine protease NS3
28410411|a|Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by a high frequency of chronic cases owing to the impairment of innate and adaptive immune responses. The modulation of natural killer (NK) cell functions by HCV leads to an impaired innate immune response. However, the underling mechanisms and roles of HCV proteins in this immune evasion are controversial, especially in the early phase of HCV infection. To investigate the role of HCV nonstructural proteins especially NS3 in the impairment of NK functions, NK cells were isolated from the PBMCs by negative selection. To assess the direct cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production capability of NK cells, co-cultured with uninfected, HCV-infected, HCV-NS3 DNA - transfected Huh-7.5, or HCV-NS replicon cells. To determine the effect of an NS3 serine protease inhibitor, HCV -infected Huh-7.5 cells were treated with BILN-2061. Then, NK cells were harvested and further co-cultured with K-562 target cells. NK cell functions were analyzed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When co-cultured with HCV-infected Huh-7.5 cells, the natural cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production capability of NK cells were significantly reduced. NK cell functions were inhibited to similar levels upon co-culture with HCV-NS replicon cells, NS3 - transfected cells, and HCV-infected Huh-7.5 cells. These reductions were restored by BILN-2061 - treatment. Furthermore, BILN-2061 - treatment significantly increased degranulation against K-562 target cells and IFN-γ productivity in NK cells. Consistent with these findings, the expression levels of activating NK cell receptors, such as NKp46 and NKp30, were also increased. In HCV-infected cells, the serine protease NS3 may play a role in the abrogation of NK cell functions in the early phase of infection through downregulation of NKp46 and NKp30 receptors on NK cells. Together, these results suggest that NS3 represents a novel drug target for the treatment of HCV infections.
28410411	0	17	Hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
28410411	18	25	impairs	T169	C0221099
28410411	26	54	natural killer cell activity	T043	C1317556
28410411	55	58	via	T078	C1550513
28410411	59	84	viral serine protease NS3	T116,T126	C2717971
28410411	85	118	Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection	T047	C4288963
28410411	141	145	high	T080	C0205250
28410411	146	155	frequency	T080	C1561548
28410411	159	166	chronic	T079	C0205191
28410411	167	172	cases	T169	C0868928
28410411	186	196	impairment	T169	C0221099
28410411	200	206	innate	T032	C0020969
28410411	211	236	adaptive immune responses	T043	C1155229
28410411	242	252	modulation	T080	C0205556
28410411	256	290	natural killer (NK) cell functions	T043	C1317556
28410411	294	297	HCV	T005	C0220847
28410411	310	318	impaired	T169	C0221099
28410411	319	341	innate immune response	T032	C0020969
28410411	366	376	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28410411	381	386	roles	T170	C3871154
28410411	390	393	HCV	T005	C0220847
28410411	390	402	HCV proteins	T116,T123	C0042736
28410411	411	425	immune evasion	T040	C1654934
28410411	430	443	controversial	T054	C0680243
28410411	463	468	early	T079	C1279919
28410411	469	474	phase	T079	C0205390
28410411	478	491	HCV infection	T047	C4288963
28410411	496	507	investigate	T169	C1292732
28410411	512	516	role	T170	C3871154
28410411	520	523	HCV	T005	C0220847
28410411	520	546	HCV nonstructural proteins	T116,T123	C0069065
28410411	558	561	NS3	T116	C0249187
28410411	569	579	impairment	T169	C0221099
28410411	583	595	NK functions	T043	C1317556
28410411	597	605	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28410411	611	619	isolated	T169	C0205409
28410411	629	634	PBMCs	T025	C0599846
28410411	638	656	negative selection	T059	C2347338
28410411	661	667	assess	T052	C1516048
28410411	672	678	direct	T080	C1947931
28410411	679	691	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28410411	696	712	IFN-γ production	T040	C1819433
28410411	713	723	capability	T080	C2698977
28410411	727	735	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28410411	737	748	co-cultured	T059	C0282547
28410411	766	778	HCV-infected	T025	C0007634
28410411	780	791	HCV-NS3 DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28410411	794	805	transfected	T045	C0314641
28410411	806	813	Huh-7.5	T025	C0007634
28410411	818	824	HCV-NS	T116,T123	C0033684
28410411	825	833	replicon	T114,T123	C0035142
28410411	834	839	cells	T025	C0007634
28410411	858	864	effect	T080	C1280500
28410411	871	874	NS3	T116,T123	C0069065
28410411	875	900	serine protease inhibitor	T121,T123	C0036733
28410411	902	905	HCV	T005	C0220847
28410411	902	915	HCV -infected	T025	C0007634
28410411	916	929	Huh-7.5 cells	T025	C0007634
28410411	935	947	treated with	T061	C0332293
28410411	948	957	BILN-2061	T109	C1313841
28410411	965	973	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28410411	979	988	harvested	T059	C0022885
28410411	1001	1012	co-cultured	T059	C0282547
28410411	1018	1036	K-562 target cells	T025	C0600432
28410411	1038	1055	NK cell functions	T043	C1317556
28410411	1061	1069	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28410411	1073	1087	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28410411	1092	1125	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28410411	1132	1143	co-cultured	T059	C0282547
28410411	1149	1161	HCV-infected	T047	C4288963
28410411	1162	1175	Huh-7.5 cells	T025	C0007634
28410411	1181	1188	natural	T169	C0205296
28410411	1189	1201	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28410411	1206	1222	IFN-γ production	T040	C1819433
28410411	1223	1233	capability	T080	C2698977
28410411	1237	1245	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28410411	1274	1291	NK cell functions	T043	C1317556
28410411	1297	1306	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28410411	1318	1324	levels	T080	C0441889
28410411	1330	1340	co-culture	T059	C0282547
28410411	1346	1352	HCV-NS	T116,T123	C0033684
28410411	1353	1361	replicon	T114,T123	C0035142
28410411	1362	1367	cells	T025	C0007634
28410411	1369	1372	NS3	T116,T123	C0069065
28410411	1375	1386	transfected	T045	C0314641
28410411	1387	1392	cells	T025	C0007634
28410411	1398	1410	HCV-infected	T047	C4288963
28410411	1411	1424	Huh-7.5 cells	T025	C0007634
28410411	1432	1442	reductions	T080	C0392756
28410411	1460	1469	BILN-2061	T109	C1313841
28410411	1472	1481	treatment	T169	C0039798
28410411	1496	1505	BILN-2061	T109	C1313841
28410411	1508	1517	treatment	T169	C0039798
28410411	1532	1541	increased	T081	C0205217
28410411	1542	1555	degranulation	T043	C0007588
28410411	1564	1582	K-562 target cells	T025	C0600432
28410411	1587	1605	IFN-γ productivity	T040	C1819433
28410411	1609	1617	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28410411	1619	1634	Consistent with	T078	C0332290
28410411	1641	1649	findings	T033	C0243095
28410411	1655	1672	expression levels	T081	C3244092
28410411	1676	1686	activating	T052	C1879547
28410411	1687	1704	NK cell receptors	T116,T192	C2350463
28410411	1714	1719	NKp46	T116,T192	C2757033
28410411	1724	1729	NKp30	T116,T129,T192	C2757035
28410411	1741	1750	increased	T081	C0205217
28410411	1755	1767	HCV-infected	T047	C4288963
28410411	1768	1773	cells	T025	C0007634
28410411	1779	1798	serine protease NS3	T116,T126	C2717971
28410411	1810	1814	role	T170	C3871154
28410411	1836	1853	NK cell functions	T043	C1317556
28410411	1861	1866	early	T079	C1279919
28410411	1867	1872	phase	T079	C0205390
28410411	1876	1885	infection	T046	C3714514
28410411	1894	1908	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28410411	1912	1917	NKp46	T116,T192	C2757033
28410411	1922	1937	NKp30 receptors	T116,T129,T192	C2757035
28410411	1941	1949	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28410411	1988	1991	NS3	T116,T123	C0069065
28410411	1992	2002	represents	T052	C1882932
28410411	2005	2010	novel	T080	C0205314
28410411	2011	2022	drug target	T074	C0085104
28410411	2031	2040	treatment	T169	C0039798
28410411	2044	2058	HCV infections	T047	C4288963

28410686|t|Relations between doses cumulated in bone marrow and dose delivery techniques during radiation therapy of cervical and endometrial cancer
28410686|a|To compare normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and average doses in the bone marrow (BM), obtained for five different radiotherapy delivery and planning strategies of cervical and endometrial cancer. 50 patients were taken to analysis. For each case, 3 different dose delivery techniques were used: 4-field, X15MV, 3DCRT; 7-field, X6MV, IMRT; and 2-arc, X6MV, VMAT. Two optimization scenarios were used for the IMRT and VMAT plans generation: with (+) and without (-) the inclusion of the BM as an optimized structure. Average doses and dose-volume histogram parameters for the PTV, BM, bladder, rectum, bowels and femoral heads were compared. In addition, the BM doses were analyzed with respect to the PTV and/or volume of the BM, and NTCP for the BM were computed. The dose in PTV for evaluated plans was similar. The worst doses in organs at risk were obtained for 3DCRT. Using the BM during the optimization of IMRT and VMAT reduces an average dose in BM without increasing the doses in the bladder, rectum and bowels. Differences between doses in BM for IMRT(+) and VMAT(+) plans were similar while NTCP was lower for VMAT(+). A correlation between average dose in BM and the volume ratio of BM and PTV was found for each technique. Using the BM during the optimization of the IMRT and VMAT plans effectively reduces the dose in BM without increasing the dose in the bladder, rectum and bowels. The VMAT(+) plans were characterized by the lowest NTCP.
28410686	0	9	Relations	T080	C0439849
28410686	18	33	doses cumulated	T077	C2986497
28410686	37	48	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28410686	53	57	dose	T081	C0178602
28410686	58	77	delivery techniques	T169	C1705822
28410686	85	102	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449
28410686	106	114	cervical	T191	C0007847
28410686	119	137	endometrial cancer	T191	C0007103
28410686	141	148	compare	T052	C1707455
28410686	149	187	normal tissue complication probability	T081	C0033204
28410686	189	193	NTCP	T081	C0033204
28410686	199	212	average doses	T081	C0392762
28410686	220	231	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28410686	233	235	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	256	265	different	T080	C1705242
28410686	266	287	radiotherapy delivery	T081	C0034620
28410686	292	311	planning strategies	T170	C0032076
28410686	315	323	cervical	T191	C0007847
28410686	328	346	endometrial cancer	T191	C0007103
28410686	351	359	patients	T101	C0030705
28410686	374	382	analysis	T062	C0936012
28410686	411	415	dose	T081	C0178602
28410686	416	435	delivery techniques	T169	C1705822
28410686	447	468	4-field, X15MV, 3DCRT	T061	C0600521
28410686	470	489	7-field, X6MV, IMRT	T061	C1512814
28410686	495	512	2-arc, X6MV, VMAT	T061	C3641892
28410686	518	530	optimization	T052	C2698650
28410686	531	540	scenarios	T169	C0683579
28410686	559	563	IMRT	T061	C1512814
28410686	568	572	VMAT	T061	C3641892
28410686	573	578	plans	T170	C0599880
28410686	591	595	with	T033	C0243095
28410686	604	611	without	T080	C0332288
28410686	620	629	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28410686	637	639	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	646	655	optimized	T052	C2698650
28410686	656	665	structure	T082	C0678594
28410686	667	674	Average	T081	C1510992
28410686	675	680	doses	T081	C0178602
28410686	685	706	dose-volume histogram	T170	C3827011
28410686	707	717	parameters	T033	C0449381
28410686	726	729	PTV	T081	C0454199
28410686	731	733	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	735	742	bladder	T023	C0005682
28410686	744	750	rectum	T023	C0034896
28410686	752	758	bowels	T023	C0021853
28410686	763	776	femoral heads	T023	C0015813
28410686	782	790	compared	T052	C1707455
28410686	809	811	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	812	817	doses	T081	C0178602
28410686	823	831	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28410686	852	855	PTV	T081	C0454199
28410686	863	869	volume	T081	C0449468
28410686	877	879	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	885	889	NTCP	T081	C0033204
28410686	898	900	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	906	914	computed	T059	C1441526
28410686	920	924	dose	T081	C0178602
28410686	928	931	PTV	T081	C0454199
28410686	936	951	evaluated plans	T170	C0599880
28410686	956	963	similar	T080	C2348205
28410686	975	980	doses	T081	C0178602
28410686	984	998	organs at risk	T029	C2936599
28410686	1017	1022	3DCRT	T061	C0600521
28410686	1034	1036	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	1048	1060	optimization	T052	C2698650
28410686	1064	1068	IMRT	T061	C1512814
28410686	1073	1077	VMAT	T061	C3641892
28410686	1078	1085	reduces	T080	C0392756
28410686	1089	1096	average	T081	C1510992
28410686	1097	1101	dose	T081	C0178602
28410686	1105	1107	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	1108	1115	without	T080	C0332288
28410686	1116	1126	increasing	T081	C0205217
28410686	1131	1136	doses	T081	C0178602
28410686	1144	1151	bladder	T023	C0005682
28410686	1153	1159	rectum	T023	C0034896
28410686	1164	1170	bowels	T023	C0021853
28410686	1172	1183	Differences	T080	C1705242
28410686	1192	1197	doses	T081	C0178602
28410686	1201	1203	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	1208	1215	IMRT(+)	T061	C1512814
28410686	1220	1227	VMAT(+)	T061	C3641892
28410686	1228	1233	plans	T170	C0599880
28410686	1239	1246	similar	T080	C2348205
28410686	1253	1257	NTCP	T081	C0033204
28410686	1272	1279	VMAT(+)	T061	C3641892
28410686	1283	1294	correlation	T080	C1707520
28410686	1303	1310	average	T081	C1510992
28410686	1311	1315	dose	T081	C0178602
28410686	1319	1321	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	1330	1342	volume ratio	T081	C1547056
28410686	1346	1348	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	1353	1356	PTV	T081	C0454199
28410686	1376	1385	technique	T169	C0449851
28410686	1397	1399	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	1411	1423	optimization	T052	C2698650
28410686	1431	1435	IMRT	T061	C1512814
28410686	1440	1444	VMAT	T061	C3641892
28410686	1445	1450	plans	T170	C0599880
28410686	1463	1470	reduces	T080	C0392756
28410686	1475	1479	dose	T081	C0178602
28410686	1483	1485	BM	T024	C0005953
28410686	1486	1493	without	T080	C0332288
28410686	1494	1504	increasing	T081	C0205217
28410686	1509	1513	dose	T081	C0178602
28410686	1521	1528	bladder	T023	C0005682
28410686	1530	1536	rectum	T023	C0034896
28410686	1541	1547	bowels	T023	C0021853
28410686	1553	1560	VMAT(+)	T061	C3641892
28410686	1561	1566	plans	T170	C0599880
28410686	1572	1585	characterized	T052	C1880022
28410686	1593	1599	lowest	T080	C1708760
28410686	1600	1604	NTCP	T081	C0033204

28411139|t|The QUIDAM study: Hydroquinidine therapy for the management of Brugada syndrome patients at high arrhythmic risk
28411139|a|Although the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) remains the main therapy for Brugada syndrome (BrS), it does not reduce life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Based on pathophysiologic mechanisms, hydroquinidine (HQ) has been suggested for effective prevention of arrhythmia. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence -based data supporting HQ use to prevent life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia in high-risk patients with BrS. We performed a prospective multicenter randomized (HQ vs placebo) double-blind study with two 18- month crossover phases in patients with BrS and implanted with an ICD. Among the 50 patients enrolled (mean age 47.0 ± 11.4 years, 42 [84%] male), 26 (52%) fully completed both phases. Thirty-four (68%) presented HQ -related side effects, mainly gastrointestinal, which led to discontinuation of the therapy in 13 (26%). HQ lengthened the QTc interval (409 ± 32 ms vs 433 ± 37 ms; P = .027) and increased repolarization dispersion as evaluated by Tpe max in precordial leads (89 ± 15 ms vs 108 ± 27 ms; P <.0001) with no significant changes in J-point elevation. During the 36- month follow-up, 1 appropriate ICD shock (0.97% event per year), 1 self - terminating ventricular fibrillation, and 1 inappropriate ICD shock occurred under placebo therapy. No arrhythmic events were reported under HQ therapy. Although HQ seems to be effective in preventing life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia, it could not be an alternative for ICD implantation. Its frequent side effects greatly reduce its probable compliance and therefore do not reveal a significant effect. HQ increases repolarization dispersal with no changes in BrS pattern, which could indicate a more complex action of HQ than its Ito blocking effect alone.
28411139	4	16	QUIDAM study	T062	C0033522
28411139	18	32	Hydroquinidine	T109,T121	C0063103
28411139	33	40	therapy	T061	C0087111
28411139	49	59	management	T058	C0376636
28411139	63	79	Brugada syndrome	T047	C1142166
28411139	80	88	patients	T101	C0030705
28411139	97	107	arrhythmic	T047	C0085612
28411139	108	112	risk	T078	C0035647
28411139	126	164	implantable cardioverter-defibrillator	T074	C0162589
28411139	166	169	ICD	T074	C0162589
28411139	188	195	therapy	T061	C0087111
28411139	200	216	Brugada syndrome	T047	C1142166
28411139	218	221	BrS	T047	C1142166
28411139	243	259	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
28411139	260	282	ventricular arrhythmia	T047	C0085612
28411139	293	309	pathophysiologic	T169	C0205463
28411139	310	320	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28411139	322	336	hydroquinidine	T109,T121	C0063103
28411139	338	340	HQ	T109,T121	C0063103
28411139	375	385	prevention	T061	C0679698
28411139	389	399	arrhythmia	T047	C0085612
28411139	421	426	study	T062	C2603343
28411139	442	450	evidence	T078	C3887511
28411139	458	462	data	T078	C1511726
28411139	474	476	HQ	T109,T121	C0063103
28411139	477	480	use	T169	C0457083
28411139	492	508	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
28411139	509	531	ventricular arrhythmia	T047	C0085612
28411139	535	544	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28411139	545	553	patients	T101	C0030705
28411139	559	562	BrS	T047	C1142166
28411139	579	648	prospective multicenter randomized (HQ vs placebo) double-blind study	T062	C0013072
28411139	662	667	month	T079	C0439231
28411139	668	684	crossover phases	T079	C0205390
28411139	688	696	patients	T101	C0030705
28411139	702	705	BrS	T047	C1142166
28411139	710	719	implanted	T061	C0021107
28411139	728	731	ICD	T074	C0162589
28411139	746	754	patients	T101	C0030705
28411139	770	773	age	T032	C0001779
28411139	786	791	years	T079	C0439234
28411139	802	806	male	T032	C0086582
28411139	839	845	phases	T079	C0205390
28411139	875	877	HQ	T109,T121	C0063103
28411139	887	899	side effects	T046	C0879626
28411139	908	924	gastrointestinal	T029	C0809794
28411139	939	969	discontinuation of the therapy	T061	C4288399
28411139	983	985	HQ	T109,T121	C0063103
28411139	986	996	lengthened	T169	C0392744
28411139	1001	1013	QTc interval	T201	C0489625
28411139	1067	1081	repolarization	T042	C3537202
28411139	1082	1092	dispersion	T082	C0332624
28411139	1109	1116	Tpe max	T033	C0239242
28411139	1120	1136	precordial leads	T074	C0180616
28411139	1206	1213	J-point	T201	C3871156
28411139	1214	1223	elevation	T082	C0702240
28411139	1240	1245	month	T079	C0439231
28411139	1246	1255	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28411139	1271	1274	ICD	T074	C0162589
28411139	1275	1280	shock	T046	C0036974
28411139	1288	1293	event	T051	C0441471
28411139	1298	1302	year	T079	C0439234
28411139	1307	1311	self	T078	C0036588
28411139	1314	1325	terminating	T079	C2746065
28411139	1326	1350	ventricular fibrillation	T047	C0042510
28411139	1372	1375	ICD	T074	C0162589
28411139	1376	1381	shock	T046	C0036974
28411139	1397	1412	placebo therapy	T061	C0032042
28411139	1417	1427	arrhythmic	T047	C0085612
28411139	1428	1434	events	T051	C0441471
28411139	1455	1457	HQ	T109,T121	C0063103
28411139	1458	1465	therapy	T061	C0087111
28411139	1476	1478	HQ	T109,T121	C0063103
28411139	1504	1514	preventing	T061	C0679698
28411139	1515	1531	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
28411139	1532	1554	ventricular arrhythmia	T047	C0085612
28411139	1575	1586	alternative	T077	C1523987
28411139	1591	1594	ICD	T074	C0162589
28411139	1595	1607	implantation	T061	C0021107
28411139	1622	1634	side effects	T046	C0879626
28411139	1704	1715	significant	T078	C0750502
28411139	1716	1722	effect	T080	C1280500
28411139	1724	1726	HQ	T109,T121	C0063103
28411139	1737	1751	repolarization	T042	C3537202
28411139	1752	1761	dispersal	T082	C0332624
28411139	1781	1784	BrS	T047	C1142166
28411139	1785	1792	pattern	T081	C0449782
28411139	1822	1829	complex	T080	C0439855
28411139	1830	1836	action	T052	C3266814
28411139	1840	1842	HQ	T109,T121	C0063103
28411139	1856	1864	blocking	T169	C0332206
28411139	1865	1871	effect	T080	C1280500

28411263|t|Use of Platelet Function Testing Before Pipeline Embolization Device Placement: A Multicenter Cohort Study
28411263|a|Thromboembolic complications constitute a significant source of morbidity after neurointerventional procedures. Flow diversion using the pipeline embolization device for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms necessitates the use of dual antiplatelet therapy to reduce this risk. The use of platelet function testing before pipeline embolization device placement remains controversial. A retrospective review of prospectively maintained databases at 3 academic institutions was performed from the years 2009 to 2016 to identify patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with pipeline embolization device placement. Clinical and radiographic data were analyzed with emphasis on thromboembolic complications and clopidogrel responsiveness. A total of 402 patients underwent 414 pipeline embolization device procedures for the treatment of 465 intracranial aneurysms. Thromboembolic complications were encountered in 9.2% of procedures and were symptomatic in 5.6%. Clopidogrel nonresponders experienced a significantly higher rate of thromboembolic complications compared with clopidogrel responders (17.4% versus 5.6%). This risk was significantly lower in nonresponders who were switched to ticagrelor when compared with patients who remained on clopidogrel (2.7% versus 24.4%). In patients who remained on clopidogrel, the rate of thromboembolic complications was significantly lower in those who received a clopidogrel boost within 24 hours pre-procedure when compared with those who did not (9.8% versus 51.9%). There was no significant difference in the rate of hemorrhagic complications between groups. Clopidogrel nonresponders experienced a significantly higher rate of thromboembolic complications when compared with clopidogrel responders. However, this risk seems to be mitigated in nonresponders who were switched to ticagrelor or received a clopidogrel boost within 24 hours pre-procedure.
28411263	7	32	Platelet Function Testing	T059	C0032184
28411263	40	68	Pipeline Embolization Device	T074	C0491616
28411263	69	78	Placement	T058	C1533810
28411263	82	93	Multicenter	T062	C1096776
28411263	94	106	Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
28411263	107	121	Thromboembolic	T169	C0333214
28411263	122	135	complications	T046	C0009566
28411263	149	160	significant	T078	C0750502
28411263	161	167	source	T033	C0449416
28411263	171	180	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28411263	187	217	neurointerventional procedures	T061	C0184661
28411263	219	233	Flow diversion	T061	C4049519
28411263	244	272	pipeline embolization device	T074	C0491616
28411263	281	290	treatment	T061	C0087111
28411263	294	316	intracranial aneurysms	T047	C0007766
28411263	341	366	dual antiplatelet therapy	T061	C1096021
28411263	382	386	risk	T078	C0035647
28411263	399	424	platelet function testing	T059	C0032184
28411263	432	460	pipeline embolization device	T074	C0491616
28411263	461	470	placement	T058	C1533810
28411263	496	516	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
28411263	520	533	prospectively	T080	C0205556
28411263	534	544	maintained	T169	C1314677
28411263	545	554	databases	T170	C0242356
28411263	560	581	academic institutions	UnknownType	C0681331
28411263	586	595	performed	T169	C0884358
28411263	636	644	patients	T101	C0030705
28411263	650	672	intracranial aneurysms	T047	C0007766
28411263	673	685	treated with	T061	C0332293
28411263	686	714	pipeline embolization device	T074	C0491616
28411263	715	724	placement	T058	C1533810
28411263	726	734	Clinical	T170	C1516606
28411263	739	751	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28411263	752	756	data	T078	C1511726
28411263	762	770	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28411263	788	802	thromboembolic	T169	C0333214
28411263	803	816	complications	T046	C0009566
28411263	821	847	clopidogrel responsiveness	T043	C3894555
28411263	864	872	patients	T101	C0030705
28411263	887	915	pipeline embolization device	T074	C0491616
28411263	916	926	procedures	T169	C2700391
28411263	935	944	treatment	T061	C0087111
28411263	952	974	intracranial aneurysms	T047	C0007766
28411263	976	990	Thromboembolic	T169	C0333214
28411263	991	1004	complications	T046	C0009566
28411263	1010	1021	encountered	T058	C0422301
28411263	1033	1043	procedures	T169	C2700391
28411263	1053	1064	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28411263	1074	1085	Clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
28411263	1086	1099	nonresponders	T033	C0243095
28411263	1100	1111	experienced	T041	C0237607
28411263	1114	1134	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28411263	1135	1139	rate	T081	C1521828
28411263	1143	1157	thromboembolic	T169	C0333214
28411263	1158	1171	complications	T046	C0009566
28411263	1172	1180	compared	T052	C1707455
28411263	1186	1197	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
28411263	1198	1208	responders	T033	C0919876
28411263	1235	1239	risk	T078	C0035647
28411263	1244	1263	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28411263	1267	1280	nonresponders	T033	C0243095
28411263	1302	1312	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
28411263	1318	1326	compared	T052	C1707455
28411263	1332	1340	patients	T101	C0030705
28411263	1357	1368	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
28411263	1393	1401	patients	T101	C0030705
28411263	1418	1429	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
28411263	1435	1439	rate	T081	C1521828
28411263	1443	1457	thromboembolic	T169	C0333214
28411263	1458	1471	complications	T046	C0009566
28411263	1476	1495	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28411263	1509	1517	received	T080	C1514756
28411263	1520	1531	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
28411263	1532	1537	boost	T169	C1511253
28411263	1554	1567	pre-procedure	T079	C3272300
28411263	1573	1581	compared	T052	C1707455
28411263	1639	1650	significant	T078	C0750502
28411263	1651	1661	difference	T033	C3842396
28411263	1669	1673	rate	T081	C1521828
28411263	1677	1688	hemorrhagic	T080	C0333275
28411263	1689	1702	complications	T046	C0009566
28411263	1711	1717	groups	T078	C0441833
28411263	1719	1730	Clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
28411263	1731	1744	nonresponders	T033	C0243095
28411263	1759	1779	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28411263	1780	1784	rate	T081	C1521828
28411263	1788	1802	thromboembolic	T169	C0333214
28411263	1803	1816	complications	T046	C0009566
28411263	1822	1830	compared	T052	C1707455
28411263	1836	1847	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
28411263	1848	1858	responders	T033	C0919876
28411263	1874	1878	risk	T078	C0035647
28411263	1891	1900	mitigated	T067	C1553901
28411263	1904	1917	nonresponders	T033	C0243095
28411263	1939	1949	ticagrelor	T114,T121	C1999375
28411263	1953	1961	received	T080	C1514756
28411263	1964	1975	clopidogrel	T109,T121	C0070166
28411263	1976	1981	boost	T169	C1511253
28411263	1998	2011	pre-procedure	T079	C3272300

28411311|t|Total Fluorescence Fingerprinting of Pesticides: A Reliable Approach for Continuous Monitoring of Soils and Waters
28411311|a|The present work relates to the creation / extension of a database of Total Excitation-Emission and Total Synchronous Fluorescence Matrices (TEEMs and TSFMs) along with optimal Synchronous Fluorescence Spectra (SFS) to fingerprint pesticides widely used in Morocco. This spectrometric multi-component fingerprinting may permit the direct detection of pesticides persisting in soil or water. The objective of the current investigation is to detect four pesticide remains in agricultural soils by applying the spectrometric fingerprinting results. They are the commercial: i) insecticide Axlera 5G (carbamate), ii) fungicide Orsalis 5% SC (triazole), iii) insecticide Force 0,5 G (pyrethrinoid) and iv) insecticide Proclaim 05 SG (non-assigned). The agricultural plantations monitored are located in the great agricultural Doukkala region at the western Atlantic side of Morocco, where these chemicals are in large sale and use.
28411311	6	18	Fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28411311	19	33	Fingerprinting	T073	C0016126
28411311	37	47	Pesticides	T131	C0031253
28411311	73	83	Continuous	T078	C0549178
28411311	84	114	Monitoring of Soils and Waters	T057	C0014416
28411311	147	155	creation	T052	C1706214
28411311	158	167	extension	T169	C0231448
28411311	173	181	database	T170	C0242356
28411311	185	254	Total Excitation-Emission and Total Synchronous Fluorescence Matrices	T059	C0037802
28411311	256	271	TEEMs and TSFMs	T059	C0037802
28411311	284	324	optimal Synchronous Fluorescence Spectra	T059	C0037802
28411311	326	329	SFS	T059	C0037802
28411311	334	345	fingerprint	T073	C0016126
28411311	346	356	pesticides	T131	C0031253
28411311	372	379	Morocco	T083	C0026544
28411311	386	430	spectrometric multi-component fingerprinting	T059	C0436196
28411311	453	476	detection of pesticides	T059	C0430417
28411311	477	495	persisting in soil	T131	C0037594
28411311	499	504	water	T131	C0043053
28411311	555	576	detect four pesticide	T059	C0430417
28411311	588	606	agricultural soils	T082	C0562975
28411311	623	651	spectrometric fingerprinting	T059	C0037802
28411311	689	710	insecticide Axlera 5G	T131	C0021578
28411311	712	721	carbamate	T131	C0021578
28411311	728	751	fungicide Orsalis 5% SC	T131	C0392419
28411311	753	761	triazole	T131	C0392419
28411311	769	792	insecticide Force 0,5 G	T109,T131	C0597329
28411311	794	806	pyrethrinoid	T109,T131	C0597329
28411311	816	842	insecticide Proclaim 05 SG	T131	C0021576
28411311	863	897	agricultural plantations monitored	T090	C0001827
28411311	917	951	great agricultural Doukkala region	T083	C0017446
28411311	959	980	western Atlantic side	T083	C0017446
28411311	984	991	Morocco	T083	C0026544
28411311	1005	1014	chemicals	T103	C0220806

28411442|t|Ankle muscle co-contractions during quiet standing are associated with decreased postural steadiness in the elderly
28411442|a|It has been reported that the elderly use co-contraction of the tibialis anterior (TA) and plantarflexor muscles for longer duration during quiet standing than the young. However, the particular role of ankle muscle co-contractions in the elderly during quiet standing remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between ankle muscle co-contractions and postural steadiness during standing in the elderly. Twenty-seven young (27.2±4.5yrs) and twenty-three elderly (66.2±5.0yrs) subjects were asked to stand quietly on a force plate for five trials. The center of pressure (COP) trajectory and its velocity (COPv) as well as the center of mass (COM) trajectory and its velocity (COMv) and acceleration (ACC) were calculated using the force plate outputs. Electromyograms were obtained from the right TA, soleus (SOL), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles. Periods of TA activity (TAon) and inactivity (TAoff) were determined using an EMG threshold based on TA resting level. Our results indicate that, in the elderly, the COPv, COMv, and ACC variability were significantly larger during TAon periods compared to TAoff periods. However, in the young, no significant association between respective variability and TA activity was found. We conclude that ankle muscle co-contractions in the elderly are not associated with an increase, but a decrease in postural steadiness. Future studies are needed to clarify the causal relationship between (1) ankle muscle co-contractions and (2) joint stiffness and multi-segmental actions during standing as well as their changes with aging.
28411442	0	5	Ankle	T029	C0003086
28411442	6	12	muscle	T024	C0026845
28411442	13	28	co-contractions	T190	C0009918
28411442	42	50	standing	T082	C0231472
28411442	55	70	associated with	T080	C0332281
28411442	81	89	postural	T169	C0205278
28411442	90	100	steadiness	T033	C0517933
28411442	108	115	elderly	T098	C0001792
28411442	146	153	elderly	T098	C0001792
28411442	158	172	co-contraction	T190	C0009918
28411442	180	197	tibialis anterior	T023	C0242690
28411442	199	201	TA	T023	C0242690
28411442	207	228	plantarflexor muscles	T042	C0231784
28411442	233	248	longer duration	T079	C0449238
28411442	262	270	standing	T082	C0231472
28411442	280	285	young	T079	C0332239
28411442	319	324	ankle	T029	C0003086
28411442	325	331	muscle	T024	C0026845
28411442	332	347	co-contractions	T190	C0009918
28411442	355	362	elderly	T098	C0001792
28411442	376	384	standing	T082	C0231472
28411442	464	475	association	T080	C0439849
28411442	484	489	ankle	T029	C0003086
28411442	490	496	muscle	T024	C0026845
28411442	497	512	co-contractions	T190	C0009918
28411442	517	525	postural	T169	C0205278
28411442	526	536	steadiness	T033	C0517933
28411442	544	552	standing	T082	C0231472
28411442	560	567	elderly	T098	C0001792
28411442	582	587	young	T079	C0332239
28411442	619	626	elderly	T098	C0001792
28411442	664	669	stand	T082	C0231472
28411442	704	710	trials	T062	C0681815
28411442	716	751	center of pressure (COP) trajectory	T082	C1254362
28411442	760	768	velocity	T082	C1254362
28411442	770	774	COPv	T082	C1254362
28411442	791	822	center of mass (COM) trajectory	T082	C1254362
28411442	831	839	velocity	T082	C1254362
28411442	841	845	COMv	T082	C1254362
28411442	851	863	acceleration	T067	C0000894
28411442	864	868	(ACC	T067	C0000894
28411442	896	915	force plate outputs	T077	C1709366
28411442	917	932	Electromyograms	T033	C4085371
28411442	962	964	TA	T023	C0242690
28411442	966	972	soleus	T023	C0242694
28411442	974	977	SOL	T023	C0242694
28411442	984	1017	medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles	T023	C0224460
28411442	1006	1008	MG	T023	C0224460
28411442	1019	1026	Periods	T079	C1948053
28411442	1030	1032	TA	T023	C0242690
28411442	1033	1041	activity	T169	C0205177
28411442	1043	1047	TAon	T023	C0242690
28411442	1065	1070	TAoff	T023	C0242690
28411442	1097	1100	EMG	T033	C4085371
28411442	1101	1110	threshold	T080	C0449864
28411442	1120	1122	TA	T023	C0242690
28411442	1172	1179	elderly	T098	C0001792
28411442	1185	1189	COPv	T082	C1254362
28411442	1191	1195	COMv	T082	C1254362
28411442	1201	1204	ACC	T067	C0000894
28411442	1205	1216	variability	T077	C2827666
28411442	1250	1254	TAon	T023	C0242690
28411442	1255	1262	periods	T079	C1948053
28411442	1275	1280	TAoff	T023	C0242690
28411442	1281	1288	periods	T079	C1948053
28411442	1306	1311	young	T079	C0332239
28411442	1328	1339	association	T080	C0439849
28411442	1359	1370	variability	T077	C2827666
28411442	1375	1377	TA	T023	C0242690
28411442	1415	1420	ankle	T029	C0003086
28411442	1421	1427	muscle	T024	C0026845
28411442	1428	1443	co-contractions	T190	C0009918
28411442	1451	1458	elderly	T098	C0001792
28411442	1514	1522	postural	T169	C0205278
28411442	1523	1533	steadiness	T033	C0517933
28411442	1583	1595	relationship	T080	C0439849
28411442	1608	1613	ankle	T029	C0003086
28411442	1614	1620	muscle	T024	C0026845
28411442	1621	1636	co-contractions	T190	C0009918
28411442	1645	1660	joint stiffness	T184	C0162298
28411442	1665	1688	multi-segmental actions	T052	C3266814
28411442	1696	1704	standing	T082	C0231472
28411442	1722	1729	changes	T169	C0392747
28411442	1735	1740	aging	T040	C0001811

28412023|t|Precise prediction of activators for the human constitutive androstane receptor using structure -based three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship methods
28412023|a|The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) regulates the expression of numerous drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters. The upregulation of various enzymes, including CYP2B6, by CAR activators is a critical problem leading to clinically severe drug-drug interactions (DDIs). To date, however, few effective computational approaches for identifying CAR activators exist. In this study, we aimed to develop three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models to predict the CAR activating potency of compounds emerging in the drug-discovery process. Models were constructed using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) based on the molecular alignments of ligands binding to CAR, which were obtained from ensemble ligand-docking using 28 compounds as a training set. The CoMFA model, modified by adding a lipophilic parameter with calculated logD7.4 (S+logD7.4), demonstrated statistically good predictive ability (r(2) = 0.99, q(2) = 0.74). We also confirmed the excellent predictability of the 3D-QSAR model for CAR activation (r(2)pred = 0.71) using seven compounds as a test set for external validation. Collectively, our results indicate that the 3D-QSAR model developed in this study provides precise prediction of CAR activating potency and, thus, should be useful for selecting drug candidates with minimized DDI risk related to enzyme-induction in the early drug-discovery stage.
28412023	8	18	prediction	T078	C0681842
28412023	22	32	activators	T121,T123	C0751968
28412023	41	46	human	T016	C0086418
28412023	47	79	constitutive androstane receptor	T116,T192	C0914906
28412023	86	95	structure	T085	C0026383
28412023	103	165	three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship	T081	C0887820
28412023	166	173	methods	T170	C0025663
28412023	178	210	constitutive androstane receptor	T116,T192	C0914906
28412023	212	215	CAR	T116,T192	C0914906
28412023	217	223	NR1I3)	T116,T192	C0663285
28412023	224	248	regulates the expression	T045	C2755857
28412023	252	260	numerous	T081	C0439064
28412023	261	278	drug-metabolizing	T044	C0683140
28412023	279	286	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28412023	291	303	transporters	T116,T123	C0007292
28412023	309	321	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28412023	333	340	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28412023	352	358	CYP2B6	T116,T126	C0534137
28412023	363	366	CAR	T116,T192	C0914906
28412023	367	377	activators	T121,T123	C0751968
28412023	422	428	severe	T080	C0205082
28412023	429	451	drug-drug interactions	T044	C0687133
28412023	453	457	DDIs	T044	C0687133
28412023	482	491	effective	T080	C1704419
28412023	492	516	computational approaches	T062	C1516769
28412023	533	536	CAR	T116,T192	C0914906
28412023	590	652	three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship	T081	C0887820
28412023	654	661	3D-QSAR	T081	C0887820
28412023	663	669	models	T170	C3161035
28412023	685	688	CAR	T116,T192	C0914906
28412023	689	699	activating	T043	C1514758
28412023	700	707	potency	T080	C3245505
28412023	711	720	compounds	T121	C1254351
28412023	737	751	drug-discovery	T062	C0920472
28412023	752	759	process	T067	C1522240
28412023	761	767	Models	T170	C3161035
28412023	791	827	comparative molecular field analysis	T063	C1513380
28412023	829	834	CoMFA	T063	C1513380
28412023	849	858	molecular	T167	C0567416
28412023	859	869	alignments	T081	C1706765
28412023	873	888	ligands binding	T044	C1517880
28412023	892	895	CAR	T116,T192	C0914906
28412023	931	945	ligand-docking	T044	C1522290
28412023	952	964	28 compounds	T121	C1254351
28412023	988	993	CoMFA	T063	C1513380
28412023	994	999	model	T170	C3161035
28412023	1001	1012	modified by	T080	C0205349
28412023	1022	1032	lipophilic	T081	C0598631
28412023	1033	1042	parameter	T081	C0598631
28412023	1112	1130	predictive ability	T080	C1514307
28412023	1191	1205	predictability	T081	C0237793
28412023	1213	1220	3D-QSAR	T081	C0887820
28412023	1221	1226	model	T170	C3161035
28412023	1231	1234	CAR	T116,T192	C0914906
28412023	1235	1245	activation	T043	C1514758
28412023	1276	1285	compounds	T121	C1254351
28412023	1304	1323	external validation	T062	C1519941
28412023	1343	1350	results	T169	C1274040
28412023	1369	1376	3D-QSAR	T081	C0887820
28412023	1377	1382	model	T170	C3161035
28412023	1416	1423	precise	T080	C2828393
28412023	1424	1434	prediction	T078	C0681842
28412023	1438	1441	CAR	T116,T192	C0914906
28412023	1442	1452	activating	T043	C1514758
28412023	1453	1460	potency	T080	C3245505
28412023	1503	1518	drug candidates	T121	C1254351
28412023	1524	1533	minimized	T080	C1524031
28412023	1534	1537	DDI	T044	C0687133
28412023	1538	1542	risk	T078	C0035647
28412023	1554	1570	enzyme-induction	T045	C0014431
28412023	1578	1583	early	T079	C1279919
28412023	1584	1598	drug-discovery	T062	C0920472
28412023	1599	1604	stage	T079	C1306673

28412693|t|Feeding Angptl4-/- mice trans fat promotes foam cell formation in mesenteric lymph nodes without leading to ascites
28412693|a|ANGPTL4 regulates plasma triglyceride levels by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase. Inactivation of ANGPTL4 decreases plasma triglycerides and reduces risk of coronary artery disease. Unfortunately, targeting ANGPTL4 for the therapeutic management of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis is hampered by the observation that mice and monkeys in which ANGPTL4 is inactivated exhibit lipid accumulation in mesenteric lymph nodes. In mice these pathological events exclusively unfold upon feeding a high saturated fatty acid diet and are followed by an ultimately lethal pro-inflammatory response and chylous ascites. Here we show that Angptl4-/- mice fed a diet rich in trans fatty acids develop numerous lipid -filled giant cells in their mesenteric lymph nodes, yet do not have elevated serum amyloid and haptoglobin, do not exhibit ascites, and survive, unlike Angptl4-/- mice fed a saturated fatty acid -rich diet. In RAW264.7 macrophages the saturated fatty acid palmitate markedly increases markers of inflammation and the unfolded protein response, whereas the trans-unsaturated elaidate and the cis-unsaturated oleate have the opposite effect. In conclusion, trans and saturated fatty acids have very distinct biological effects. Furthermore, lipid accumulation in mesenteric lymph nodes is uncoupled from activation of an acute-phase response and chylous ascites, suggesting that ANGPTL4 should not be fully dismissed as target for dyslipidemia.
28412693	0	7	Feeding	T052	C2987508
28412693	8	18	Angptl4-/-	T028	C1423931
28412693	19	23	mice	T015	C0206745
28412693	24	33	trans fat	T109,T168	C1257879
28412693	43	52	foam cell	T025	C0016390
28412693	53	62	formation	T169	C1522492
28412693	66	88	mesenteric lymph nodes	T023	C0229792
28412693	89	96	without	T080	C0332288
28412693	97	104	leading	T169	C0332294
28412693	108	115	ascites	T033	C0003962
28412693	116	123	ANGPTL4	T116,T123	C1438918
28412693	134	140	plasma	T031	C0032105
28412693	141	153	triglyceride	T109,T123	C0041004
28412693	164	174	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28412693	175	193	lipoprotein lipase	T116,T126	C0023816
28412693	195	207	Inactivation	T045	C0598496
28412693	211	218	ANGPTL4	T116,T123	C1438918
28412693	229	235	plasma	T031	C0032105
28412693	236	249	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28412693	270	293	coronary artery disease	T047	C0010068
28412693	320	327	ANGPTL4	T116,T123	C1438918
28412693	336	347	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28412693	348	358	management	T058	C0086388
28412693	362	374	dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339
28412693	379	394	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28412693	431	435	mice	T015	C0025929
28412693	440	447	monkeys	T015	C0026447
28412693	457	464	ANGPTL4	T116,T123	C1438918
28412693	468	479	inactivated	T169	C0544461
28412693	488	506	lipid accumulation	T033	C0333574
28412693	510	532	mesenteric lymph nodes	T023	C0229792
28412693	537	541	mice	T015	C0025929
28412693	548	560	pathological	T169	C1521733
28412693	561	567	events	T051	C0441471
28412693	592	599	feeding	T052	C2987508
28412693	602	627	high saturated fatty acid	T168	C0597423
28412693	628	632	diet	T168	C0012155
28412693	667	673	lethal	T033	C3151529
28412693	674	699	pro-inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28412693	704	719	chylous ascites	T047	C0008732
28412693	739	749	Angptl4-/-	T028	C1423931
28412693	750	754	mice	T015	C0206745
28412693	755	758	fed	T052	C2987508
28412693	761	765	diet	T168	C0012155
28412693	774	791	trans fatty acids	T109,T168	C1257879
28412693	809	814	lipid	T109	C0023779
28412693	809	822	lipid -filled	T080	C4086317
28412693	823	834	giant cells	T025	C0016390
28412693	844	866	mesenteric lymph nodes	T023	C0229792
28412693	893	898	serum	T031	C0229671
28412693	899	906	amyloid	T116,T123	C0002716
28412693	911	922	haptoglobin	T116,T123	C0018595
28412693	939	946	ascites	T033	C0003962
28412693	952	959	survive	T052	C0038952
28412693	968	978	Angptl4-/-	T028	C1423931
28412693	979	983	mice	T015	C0206745
28412693	990	1010	saturated fatty acid	T168	C0597423
28412693	1017	1021	diet	T168	C0012155
28412693	1026	1046	RAW264.7 macrophages	T025	C0024432
28412693	1051	1081	saturated fatty acid palmitate	T109	C3503116
28412693	1101	1108	markers	T201	C0005516
28412693	1112	1124	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28412693	1133	1158	unfolded protein response	T043	C1155342
28412693	1172	1198	trans-unsaturated elaidate	T109	C3886672
28412693	1207	1229	cis-unsaturated oleate	T109,T121,T123	C0220884
28412693	1271	1276	trans	T109,T168	C1257879
28412693	1281	1302	saturated fatty acids	T168	C0597423
28412693	1322	1332	biological	T080	C0205460
28412693	1333	1340	effects	T080	C1280500
28412693	1355	1373	lipid accumulation	T033	C0333574
28412693	1377	1399	mesenteric lymph nodes	T023	C0229792
28412693	1418	1428	activation	T052	C1879547
28412693	1435	1455	acute-phase response	T046	C0001349
28412693	1460	1475	chylous ascites	T047	C0008732
28412693	1493	1500	ANGPTL4	T116,T123	C1438918
28412693	1545	1557	dyslipidemia	T047	C0242339

28412969|t|Engagement of cellular prion protein with the co-chaperone Hsp70 / 90 organizing protein regulates the proliferation of glioblastoma stem-like cells
28412969|a|Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive brain tumor, contains a subpopulation of glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) that play roles in tumor maintenance, invasion, and therapeutic resistance. GSCs are therefore a promising target for GBM treatment. Our group identified the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) and its partner, the co-chaperone Hsp70 / 90 organizing protein (HOP), as potential target candidates due to their role in GBM tumorigenesis and in neural stem cell maintenance. GSCs expressing different levels of PrP(C) were cultured as neurospheres with growth factors, and characterized with stem cells markers and adhesion molecules markers through immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. We than evaluated GSC self-renewal and proliferation by clonal density assays and BrdU incorporation, respectively, in front of recombinant HOP treatment, combined or not with a HOP peptide which mimics the PrP(C) binding site. Stable silencing of HOP was also performed in parental and/or PrP(C) -depleted cell populations, and proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo were evaluated. Migration assays were performed on laminin-1 pre-coated glass. We observed that, when GBM cells are cultured as neurospheres, they express specific stemness markers such as CD133, CD15, Oct4, and SOX2; PrP(C) is upregulated compared to monolayer culture and co-localizes with CD133. PrP(C) silencing downregulates the expression of molecules associated with cancer stem cells, upregulates markers of cell differentiation and affects GSC self-renewal, pointing to a pivotal role for PrP(C) in the maintenance of GSCs. Exogenous HOP treatment increases proliferation and self-renewal of GSCs in a PrP(C) -dependent manner while HOP knockdown disturbs the proliferation process. In vivo, PrP(C) and/or HOP knockdown potently inhibits the growth of subcutaneously implanted glioblastoma cells. In addition, disruption of the PrP(C) - HOP complex by a HOP peptide, which mimics the PrP(C) binding site, affects GSC self-renewal and proliferation indicating that the HOP - PrP(C) complex is required for GSC stemness. Furthermore, PrP(C) -depleted GSCs downregulate cell adhesion-related proteins and impair cell migration indicating a putative role for PrP(C) in the cell surface stability of cell adhesion molecules and GBM cell invasiveness, respectively. In conclusion, our results show that the modulation of HOP - PrP(C) engagement or the decrease of PrP(C) and HOP expression may represent a potential therapeutic intervention in GBM, regulating glioblastoma stem-like cell self-renewal, proliferation, and migration.
28412969	14	36	cellular prion protein	T116	C0074202
28412969	46	58	co-chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
28412969	59	64	Hsp70	T116,T123	C0243043
28412969	59	88	Hsp70 / 90 organizing protein	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	67	69	90	T116,T123	C0243044
28412969	103	116	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28412969	120	132	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28412969	120	148	glioblastoma stem-like cells	T025	C0007634
28412969	149	161	Glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28412969	163	166	GBM	T191	C0017636
28412969	189	200	brain tumor	T191	C0006118
28412969	230	242	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28412969	230	258	glioblastoma stem-like cells	T025	C0007634
28412969	260	264	GSCs	T025	C0007634
28412969	285	290	tumor	T191	C0027651
28412969	291	302	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28412969	304	312	invasion	T046	C0027626
28412969	318	340	therapeutic resistance	T038	C0013203
28412969	342	346	GSCs	T025	C0007634
28412969	373	379	target	T169	C1521840
28412969	384	387	GBM	T191	C0017636
28412969	388	397	treatment	T169	C1522326
28412969	424	446	cellular prion protein	T116	C0074202
28412969	448	454	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	477	489	co-chaperone	T116,T123	C0243041
28412969	490	495	Hsp70	T116,T123	C0243043
28412969	490	519	Hsp70 / 90 organizing protein	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	498	500	90	T116,T123	C0243044
28412969	521	524	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	540	546	target	T169	C1521840
28412969	579	582	GBM	T191	C0017636
28412969	583	596	tumorigenesis	T191	C0596263
28412969	604	620	neural stem cell	T025	C1113654
28412969	634	638	GSCs	T025	C0007634
28412969	670	676	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	682	690	cultured	T059	C0007585
28412969	694	706	neurospheres	T025	C0007634
28412969	712	726	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28412969	751	761	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28412969	762	769	markers	T086	C0012872
28412969	774	800	adhesion molecules markers	T086	C0012872
28412969	809	827	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
28412969	832	846	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28412969	866	869	GSC	T025	C0007634
28412969	870	882	self-renewal	T043	C4042950
28412969	887	900	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28412969	904	925	clonal density assays	T059	C0005507
28412969	930	934	BrdU	T114,T121	C0006233
28412969	930	948	BrdU incorporation	T059	C0022885
28412969	988	991	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	992	1001	treatment	T169	C1522326
28412969	1026	1029	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	1030	1037	peptide	T116	C0030956
28412969	1055	1061	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	1062	1074	binding site	T192	C0005456
28412969	1083	1092	silencing	T045	C0598496
28412969	1096	1099	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	1138	1144	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	1155	1171	cell populations	T025	C0007634
28412969	1177	1190	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28412969	1191	1199	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28412969	1204	1216	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28412969	1217	1224	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28412969	1241	1257	Migration assays	T059	C1513300
28412969	1276	1285	laminin-1	T116	C0908936
28412969	1276	1302	laminin-1 pre-coated glass	T073	C0017596
28412969	1327	1330	GBM	T191	C0017636
28412969	1331	1336	cells	T025	C0007634
28412969	1341	1349	cultured	T059	C0007585
28412969	1353	1365	neurospheres	T025	C0007634
28412969	1389	1405	stemness markers	T086	C0012872
28412969	1414	1419	CD133	T116,T123	C0673026
28412969	1421	1425	CD15	T109,T129	C0080188
28412969	1427	1431	Oct4	T116,T123	C0069304
28412969	1437	1441	SOX2	T116,T123	C0300483
28412969	1443	1449	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	1477	1494	monolayer culture	T059	C1510803
28412969	1517	1522	CD133	T116,T123	C0673026
28412969	1524	1530	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	1531	1540	silencing	T045	C0598496
28412969	1559	1582	expression of molecules	T045	C0017262
28412969	1599	1616	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
28412969	1630	1637	markers	T086	C0012872
28412969	1641	1661	cell differentiation	T043	C0007589
28412969	1674	1677	GSC	T025	C0007634
28412969	1678	1690	self-renewal	T043	C4042950
28412969	1723	1729	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	1752	1756	GSCs	T025	C0007634
28412969	1768	1771	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	1772	1781	treatment	T169	C1522326
28412969	1792	1805	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28412969	1810	1822	self-renewal	T043	C4042950
28412969	1826	1830	GSCs	T025	C0007634
28412969	1836	1842	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	1867	1870	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	1894	1915	proliferation process	T043	C0596290
28412969	1917	1924	In vivo	T082	C1515655
28412969	1926	1932	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	1940	1943	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	1963	1971	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28412969	1976	1982	growth	T043	C0007595
28412969	2011	2023	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28412969	2024	2029	cells	T025	C0007634
28412969	2062	2068	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	2062	2082	PrP(C) - HOP complex	T116,T123	C1180347
28412969	2071	2074	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	2088	2091	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	2092	2099	peptide	T116	C0030956
28412969	2118	2124	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	2125	2137	binding site	T192	C0005456
28412969	2147	2150	GSC	T025	C0007634
28412969	2151	2163	self-renewal	T043	C4042950
28412969	2168	2181	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28412969	2202	2205	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	2202	2222	HOP - PrP(C) complex	T116,T123	C1180347
28412969	2208	2214	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	2239	2242	GSC	T025	C0007634
28412969	2243	2251	stemness	T080	C0205556
28412969	2266	2272	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	2283	2287	GSCs	T025	C0007634
28412969	2301	2305	cell	T025	C0007634
28412969	2306	2331	adhesion-related proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28412969	2343	2357	cell migration	T043	C1622501
28412969	2389	2395	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	2403	2425	cell surface stability	T033	C0243095
28412969	2429	2452	cell adhesion molecules	T116,T123	C0007578
28412969	2457	2460	GBM	T191	C0017636
28412969	2466	2478	invasiveness	T046	C0027626
28412969	2549	2552	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	2555	2561	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	2592	2598	PrP(C)	T116	C0074202
28412969	2603	2606	HOP	T116,T123	C0018850
28412969	2607	2617	expression	T045	C0017262
28412969	2644	2668	therapeutic intervention	T061	C0808232
28412969	2672	2675	GBM	T191	C0017636
28412969	2688	2700	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28412969	2688	2715	glioblastoma stem-like cell	T025	C0007634
28412969	2716	2728	self-renewal	T043	C4042950
28412969	2730	2743	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28412969	2749	2758	migration	T043	C1622501

28413179|t|Cyclic thrombocytopenia synchronizing with the menstrual cycle showing periodic phases of thrombocytopenia and rebound thrombocytosis
28413179|a|A 37- year -old woman was admitted to our hospital for purpura involving the extremities and thrombocytopenia. Prednisolone (PSL) was administered based on a diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), but was not effective for maintaining her platelet count within the normal range, which showed cyclic fluctuation corresponding to the menstrual cycle. Therefore, we discontinued PSL, and cyclic thrombocytopenia (CTP) was diagnosed. CTP is a rare disease which is usually treated as ITP but with no response. Although the exact cause of CTP is uncertain, in our case, a hormonal mechanism may be responsible for fluctuating platelet count.
28413179	0	23	Cyclic thrombocytopenia	T047	C0272282
28413179	24	37	synchronizing	T079	C0439580
28413179	47	62	menstrual cycle	T040	C0025329
28413179	71	79	periodic	T079	C0332182
28413179	80	86	phases	T079	C0205390
28413179	90	106	thrombocytopenia	T047	C0040034
28413179	111	118	rebound	T067	C0034897
28413179	119	133	thrombocytosis	T047	C0836924
28413179	140	144	year	T079	C1510829
28413179	150	155	woman	T098	C0043210
28413179	160	168	admitted	T058	C0184666
28413179	176	184	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28413179	189	196	purpura	T047	C0034150
28413179	211	222	extremities	T023	C0278454
28413179	227	243	thrombocytopenia	T047	C0040034
28413179	245	257	Prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
28413179	259	262	PSL	T109,T121	C0032950
28413179	268	280	administered	T169	C1521801
28413179	292	301	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28413179	305	340	idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura	T047	C0398650
28413179	342	345	ITP	T047	C0398650
28413179	356	369	not effective	T080	C1301751
28413179	374	385	maintaining	T052	C0024501
28413179	390	404	platelet count	T059	C0032181
28413179	416	428	normal range	T081	C0086715
28413179	443	461	cyclic fluctuation	UnknownType	C0681684
28413179	483	498	menstrual cycle	T040	C0025329
28413179	514	526	discontinued	T033	C1444662
28413179	527	530	PSL	T109,T121	C0032950
28413179	536	559	cyclic thrombocytopenia	T047	C0272282
28413179	561	564	CTP	T047	C0272282
28413179	570	579	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28413179	581	584	CTP	T047	C0272282
28413179	590	602	rare disease	T047	C0678236
28413179	620	627	treated	T169	C1522326
28413179	631	634	ITP	T047	C0398650
28413179	644	655	no response	T033	C4282382
28413179	676	681	cause	T078	C0085978
28413179	685	688	CTP	T047	C0272282
28413179	692	701	uncertain	T033	C0087130
28413179	710	714	case	T077	C1706256
28413179	718	736	hormonal mechanism	T040	C0920552
28413179	760	771	fluctuating	T079	C0231241
28413179	772	786	platelet count	T059	C0032181

28413509|t|Effects of siRNA -mediated suppression of HPV-11 L1 expression on the proliferation and apoptosis of vaginal epithelial cells
28413509|a|The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection on the gynecological disease of vaginitis and to demonstrate how the small interfering RNA (siRNA) method may be used for HPV prevention in the clinic. Human vaginal epithelial cells were transfected with HPV-11 L1 expression vector and siRNA - HPV-11 L1 vectors and a control group was transfected with scrambled siRNA. Cell proliferation in each group was analyzed using the MTT assay and the expression of apoptosis -associated proteins was measured by western blot analysis. Compared with the control group, HPV-11 L1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly increased following transfection with the HPV-11 L1 expression vector in cells (P<0.05), but this result was significantly reversed by silencing of HPV-11 L1 (P<0.05). In addition, cell proliferation in the HPV-11 group was lower than that in the control group; however, cell proliferation was significantly increased in cells transfected with silenced L1 compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, silencing of HPV-11 L1 significantly decreased caspase-3 and caspase-9 expressions in cells, whereas the expression was increased in the HPV-11 L1 group (P<0.05). The present study suggested that siRNA -mediated silencing of HPV-11 L1 may have potential therapeutic applications for treating gynecological diseases associated with HPV-11 infection.
28413509	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28413509	11	16	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28413509	27	38	suppression	T045	C0038855
28413509	42	51	HPV-11 L1	T028	C0017376
28413509	52	62	expression	T045	C0017262
28413509	70	83	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28413509	88	97	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28413509	101	125	vaginal epithelial cells	T025	C1987256
28413509	130	133	aim	T078	C1947946
28413509	149	154	study	T062	C2603343
28413509	162	173	investigate	T169	C1292732
28413509	178	188	effects of	T080	C1704420
28413509	189	225	human papillomavirus (HPV) infection	T047	C0343641
28413509	233	254	gynecological disease	T047	C1384956
28413509	258	267	vaginitis	T047	C0042267
28413509	295	316	small interfering RNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28413509	318	323	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28413509	348	351	HPV	T005	C0021344
28413509	352	362	prevention	T061	C0199176
28413509	370	376	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28413509	378	383	Human	T016	C0086418
28413509	384	408	vaginal epithelial cells	T025	C1987256
28413509	414	425	transfected	T063	C0040669
28413509	431	440	HPV-11 L1	T028	C0017376
28413509	441	458	expression vector	T114	C0599566
28413509	463	468	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28413509	471	480	HPV-11 L1	T028	C0017376
28413509	481	488	vectors	T114	C0017397
28413509	495	508	control group	T096	C0009932
28413509	513	524	transfected	T063	C0040669
28413509	540	545	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28413509	547	565	Cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28413509	603	612	MTT assay	T059	C1510438
28413509	621	631	expression	T045	C1171362
28413509	635	644	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28413509	657	665	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28413509	670	678	measured	T080	C0444706
28413509	682	703	western blot analysis	T059	C2121086
28413509	705	713	Compared	T052	C1707455
28413509	723	736	control group	T096	C0009932
28413509	738	747	HPV-11 L1	T028	C0017376
28413509	748	752	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28413509	757	771	protein levels	T034	C0428479
28413509	791	800	increased	T081	C0205217
28413509	811	823	transfection	T063	C0040669
28413509	833	842	HPV-11 L1	T028	C0017376
28413509	843	860	expression vector	T114	C0599566
28413509	864	869	cells	T025	C0007634
28413509	926	935	silencing	T045	C0598496
28413509	939	948	HPV-11 L1	T028	C0017376
28413509	972	990	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28413509	998	1010	HPV-11 group	T078	C0441833
28413509	1015	1020	lower	T080	C0205251
28413509	1038	1051	control group	T096	C0009932
28413509	1062	1080	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28413509	1099	1108	increased	T081	C0205217
28413509	1112	1117	cells	T025	C0007634
28413509	1118	1129	transfected	T063	C0040669
28413509	1135	1143	silenced	T045	C0598496
28413509	1144	1146	L1	T028	C0017376
28413509	1173	1186	control group	T096	C0009932
28413509	1210	1219	silencing	T045	C0598496
28413509	1223	1232	HPV-11 L1	T028	C0017376
28413509	1247	1256	decreased	T081	C0205216
28413509	1257	1266	caspase-3	T028	C1413132
28413509	1271	1280	caspase-9	T028	C1332668
28413509	1281	1292	expressions	T045	C0017262
28413509	1296	1301	cells	T025	C0007634
28413509	1315	1325	expression	T045	C0017262
28413509	1330	1339	increased	T081	C0205217
28413509	1347	1356	HPV-11 L1	T028	C0017376
28413509	1385	1390	study	T062	C2603343
28413509	1406	1411	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28413509	1422	1431	silencing	T045	C0598496
28413509	1435	1444	HPV-11 L1	T028	C0017376
28413509	1464	1488	therapeutic applications	T061	C0278296
28413509	1502	1524	gynecological diseases	T047	C1384956
28413509	1525	1540	associated with	T080	C0332281
28413509	1541	1547	HPV-11	T005	C1093046
28413509	1548	1557	infection	T046	C3714514

28413529|t|An evaluation of neuroendocrine dysfunction following acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: A prospective study
28413529|a|The aim was to investigate the incidence and pattern of neuroendocrine changes in cases of acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Endocrine assessment was performed in 100 consecutive cases of acute aneurysmal SAH presenting within 7 days of ictus. The gonadotropic, somatotrophic, thyrotropic, and corticotrophic axes were evaluated for their possible dysfunction. A total of 100 cases (38 males, 62 females; age range - 17-76 years; mean age - 43.6 years) of acute SAH were studied. The aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation (n = 95) and posterior circulation (n = 5). The most common hormone deficiency was of growth hormone (n = 67), followed by gonadotrophin (n = 50), corticotrophin (n = 49) and thyrotrophin (n = 35). Hyperprolactinemia was noted in 10 cases. One-pituitary hormone axis deficiency was noted in 26 cases while 67 cases had two or more pituitary hormone axes dysfunction. A total of 93 cases had hormonal dysfunction in one or more pituitary hormone axes, and seven cases had no hormonal dysfunction. Endocrine dysfunction occurs in 93% cases of acute SAH and multiple pituitary hormone axes dysfunction occurs in 67% cases. It is suggested that hormonal evaluation should be considered as part of management of acute SAH.
28413529	3	13	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28413529	17	31	neuroendocrine	T022	C0027912
28413529	32	43	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28413529	54	59	acute	T079	C0205178
28413529	60	94	aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage	T046	C0751530
28413529	98	115	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28413529	120	123	aim	T078	C1947946
28413529	131	142	investigate	T169	C1292732
28413529	161	168	pattern	T082	C0449774
28413529	172	186	neuroendocrine	T022	C0027912
28413529	198	203	cases	T101	C0030705
28413529	207	212	acute	T079	C0205178
28413529	213	247	aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage	T046	C0751530
28413529	249	252	SAH	T046	C0751530
28413529	255	264	Endocrine	T022	C0014136
28413529	265	275	assessment	T058	C0220825
28413529	309	314	cases	T101	C0030705
28413529	318	323	acute	T079	C0205178
28413529	324	338	aneurysmal SAH	T046	C0751530
28413529	359	363	days	T079	C0439228
28413529	367	372	ictus	T047	C0038454
28413529	378	390	gonadotropic	T116,T121,T125	C0018061
28413529	392	405	somatotrophic	T116,T121,T125	C0037663
28413529	407	418	thyrotropic	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
28413529	424	438	corticotrophic	T116,T121,T125	C0001655
28413529	449	458	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28413529	478	489	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28413529	506	511	cases	T101	C0030705
28413529	516	521	males	T032	C0086582
28413529	526	533	females	T032	C0086287
28413529	535	538	age	T032	C0001779
28413529	539	544	range	T081	C1514721
28413529	553	558	years	T079	C1510829
28413529	560	564	mean	T081	C0444504
28413529	565	568	age	T032	C0001779
28413529	576	581	years	T079	C1510829
28413529	586	591	acute	T079	C0205178
28413529	592	595	SAH	T046	C0751530
28413529	601	608	studied	T062	C0008972
28413529	614	623	aneurysms	T047	C0002940
28413529	644	664	anterior circulation	T042	C0007818
28413529	678	699	posterior circulation	T042	C0007818
28413529	725	743	hormone deficiency	T047	C0599750
28413529	751	765	growth hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0037663
28413529	788	801	gonadotrophin	T116,T121,T125	C0018061
28413529	812	826	corticotrophin	T116,T121,T125	C0001655
28413529	840	852	thyrotrophin	T116,T121,T125	C0040160
28413529	863	881	Hyperprolactinemia	T047	C0020514
28413529	898	903	cases	T101	C0030705
28413529	905	942	One-pituitary hormone axis deficiency	T033	C0857439
28413529	959	964	cases	T101	C0030705
28413529	974	979	cases	T101	C0030705
28413529	996	1013	pituitary hormone	T116,T125	C0032015
28413529	1019	1030	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28413529	1046	1051	cases	T101	C0030705
28413529	1056	1064	hormonal	T125	C0019932
28413529	1065	1076	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28413529	1092	1114	pituitary hormone axes	T116,T125	C0032015
28413529	1126	1131	cases	T101	C0030705
28413529	1139	1147	hormonal	T125	C0019932
28413529	1148	1159	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28413529	1161	1182	Endocrine dysfunction	T047	C1397856
28413529	1197	1202	cases	T101	C0030705
28413529	1206	1211	acute	T079	C0205178
28413529	1212	1215	SAH	T046	C0751530
28413529	1229	1251	pituitary hormone axes	T116,T125	C0032015
28413529	1252	1263	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28413529	1278	1283	cases	T101	C0030705
28413529	1306	1314	hormonal	T125	C0019932
28413529	1315	1325	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28413529	1372	1377	acute	T079	C0205178
28413529	1378	1381	SAH	T046	C0751530

28413598|t|Solitary peripheral ivory osteoma of the mandible presenting with difficulty in deglutition: a case report
28413598|a|Osteomas are benign bone tumors which arise from the cortex or medulla of craniofacial and jaw bones. They are usually asymptomatic or present as slow-growing painless masses. Larger lesions may present with aesthetic (facial asymmetry) and functional disturbances (jaw deviation, difficulty in breathing, pain, and sensory deficits). This paper highlights a case of solitary peripheral osteoma composed of a compact bony mass arising from the lower border of the mandible in an adult female patient. The lesion presented with discomfort during deglutition, which was attributed to impingement of muscles of the oral cavity floor, including the anterior belly of digastric muscle.
28413598	0	33	Solitary peripheral ivory osteoma	T191	C0029440
28413598	41	49	mandible	T023	C0024687
28413598	66	76	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28413598	80	91	deglutition	T040	C0011167
28413598	95	106	case report	T170	C0085973
28413598	107	115	Osteomas	T191	C0029440
28413598	120	138	benign bone tumors	T191	C0684516
28413598	160	166	cortex	T023	C1176472
28413598	170	177	medulla	T023	C1305694
28413598	181	193	craniofacial	T023	C0596392
28413598	198	207	jaw bones	T023	C0022359
28413598	226	238	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28413598	242	249	present	T033	C0150312
28413598	253	281	slow-growing painless masses	T033	C1710108
28413598	283	297	Larger lesions	T033	C0221198
28413598	302	309	present	T033	C0150312
28413598	315	324	aesthetic	T033	C1306710
28413598	326	342	facial asymmetry	T033	C1306710
28413598	348	371	functional disturbances	T046	C0277785
28413598	373	386	jaw deviation	T033	C0399519
28413598	388	411	difficulty in breathing	T033	C1821163
28413598	413	417	pain	T184	C0030193
28413598	423	439	sensory deficits	T047	C0748618
28413598	474	501	solitary peripheral osteoma	T191	C0029440
28413598	516	533	compact bony mass	T033	C2055644
28413598	551	579	lower border of the mandible	T029	C0448013
28413598	586	606	adult female patient	T032	C0150905
28413598	612	618	lesion	T033	C0221198
28413598	634	644	discomfort	T184	C2364135
28413598	652	663	deglutition	T040	C0011167
28413598	689	700	impingement	T184	C0231652
28413598	704	711	muscles	T024	C0026845
28413598	719	736	oral cavity floor	T030	C0226896
28413598	752	786	anterior belly of digastric muscle	T023	C0224156

28413643|t|Cytotoxic and antimigratory effects of Cratoxy formosum extract against HepG2 liver cancer cells
28413643|a|The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying Cratoxylum formosum (CF) Dyer-induced cancer cell death and antimigratory effects in HepG2 liver cancer cells. The cytotoxic, antiproliferative and antimigratory effects of CF leaf extract on human liver cancer HepG2 cell lines were evaluated using sulforhodamine B, colony formation, and wound healing assays. In addition, apoptosis induction mechanisms were investigated via reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, caspase 3 activities, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) disruption. Gene expression and apoptosis -associated protein levels were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. CF induced HepG2 cell death in a time- and dose-dependent manner with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 219.03±9.96 and 124.90±6.86 µg/ml at 24 and 48 h, respectively. Treatment with CF caused a significant and dose-dependent decrease in colony forming ability and cell migration. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that CF induced ROS formation, increased caspase 3 activities, decreased the ΔΨm, and caused HepG2 apoptosis. CF marginally decreased the expression level of the cell cycle regulatory protein, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac1) and the downstream protein, cyclin dependent kinase 6. Additionally, CF significantly enhanced p21 levels, reduced cyclin D1 protein levels and triggered cancer cell death. CF leaf extracts induced cell death, stimulated apoptosis and inhibited migration in HepG2 cells. Thus, CF may be useful for developing an anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of liver cancer.
28413643	0	9	Cytotoxic	T049	C0596402
28413643	14	35	antimigratory effects	T043	C1524058
28413643	39	55	Cratoxy formosum	T002	C1219382
28413643	56	63	extract	T123	C0032081
28413643	72	77	HepG2	T025	C2717940
28413643	78	96	liver cancer cells	T025	C2717940
28413643	120	125	study	T062	C2603343
28413643	133	144	investigate	T169	C1292732
28413643	149	169	molecular mechanisms	T044	C1148560
28413643	181	200	Cratoxylum formosum	T002	C1219382
28413643	202	204	CF	T002	C1219382
28413643	219	225	cancer	T191	C0006826
28413643	226	236	cell death	T043	C0007587
28413643	241	262	antimigratory effects	T043	C1524058
28413643	266	271	HepG2	T025	C2717940
28413643	272	290	liver cancer cells	T025	C2717940
28413643	296	305	cytotoxic	T049	C0596402
28413643	307	324	antiproliferative	T043	C1156236
28413643	329	350	antimigratory effects	T043	C1524058
28413643	354	356	CF	T002	C1219382
28413643	357	369	leaf extract	T123	C0032081
28413643	373	378	human	T016	C0086418
28413643	379	391	liver cancer	T191	C0345904
28413643	392	408	HepG2 cell lines	T025	C2717940
28413643	430	446	sulforhodamine B	T109,T130	C0065078
28413643	448	464	colony formation	T059	C0009385
28413643	470	490	wound healing assays	T059	C0005507
28413643	505	514	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28413643	515	535	induction mechanisms	T044	C1148560
28413643	541	553	investigated	T169	C1292732
28413643	558	581	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28413643	558	597	reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation	T044	C1148560
28413643	583	586	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28413643	599	619	caspase 3 activities	T044	C1150132
28413643	625	657	mitochondrial membrane potential	T043	C1720920
28413643	659	662	ΔΨm	T043	C1720920
28413643	664	674	disruption	T169	C0332453
28413643	676	691	Gene expression	T045	C0017262
28413643	696	705	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28413643	696	725	apoptosis -associated protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28413643	726	732	levels	T080	C0441889
28413643	750	810	reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0599161
28413643	815	831	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28413643	833	835	CF	T002	C1219382
28413643	844	849	HepG2	T025	C2717940
28413643	850	860	cell death	T043	C0007587
28413643	903	947	half maximal inhibitory concentration values	T080	C0042295
28413643	998	999	h	T079	C0439227
28413643	1015	1024	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28413643	1030	1032	CF	T002	C1219382
28413643	1085	1107	colony forming ability	T032	C0085732
28413643	1112	1126	cell migration	T043	C1622501
28413643	1153	1158	study	T062	C2603343
28413643	1177	1179	CF	T002	C1219382
28413643	1188	1191	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28413643	1188	1201	ROS formation	T044	C1148560
28413643	1213	1233	caspase 3 activities	T044	C1150132
28413643	1249	1252	ΔΨm	T043	C1720920
28413643	1265	1270	HepG2	T025	C2717940
28413643	1271	1280	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28413643	1282	1284	CF	T002	C1219382
28413643	1310	1326	expression level	T081	C3244092
28413643	1334	1363	cell cycle regulatory protein	T116,T123	C0674679
28413643	1365	1407	ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1	T116,T126	C0139880
28413643	1421	1451	small GTP binding protein Rac1	T116,T126	C0139880
28413643	1461	1479	downstream protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28413643	1481	1506	cyclin dependent kinase 6	T116,T126	C0252132
28413643	1522	1524	CF	T002	C1219382
28413643	1548	1551	p21	T116,T123	C0288472
28413643	1552	1558	levels	T080	C0441889
28413643	1568	1585	cyclin D1 protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28413643	1586	1592	levels	T080	C0441889
28413643	1607	1613	cancer	T191	C0006826
28413643	1614	1624	cell death	T043	C0007587
28413643	1626	1628	CF	T002	C1219382
28413643	1629	1642	leaf extracts	T123	C0032081
28413643	1651	1661	cell death	T043	C0007587
28413643	1674	1683	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28413643	1698	1707	migration	T043	C1622501
28413643	1711	1722	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
28413643	1730	1732	CF	T002	C1219382
28413643	1765	1790	anticancer drug candidate	T109,T121	C0003392
28413643	1799	1808	treatment	T061	C0087111
28413643	1812	1824	liver cancer	T191	C0345904

28413794|t|Comparative evaluation of iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in assessing neural crest tumors: Will they play a complementary role?
28413794|a|18-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has established a role in the evaluation of several malignancies. However, its precise clinical role in the neural crest cell tumors continues to evolve. The purpose of this study was to compare iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine ((131)I-MIBG) and FDG-PET of head to head in patients with neural crest tumors both qualitatively and semiquantitatively and to determine their clinical utility in disease status evaluation and further management. A total of 32 patients who had undergone (131)I-MIBG and FDG-PET prospectively were evaluated and clinicopathologically grouped into three categories: neuroblastoma, pheochromocytoma, and medullary carcinoma thyroid. In 18 patients of neuroblastoma, FDG PET and (131)I-MIBG showed patient-specific sensitivity of 84% and 72%, respectively. The mean maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of primary lesions in patients with unfavorable histology was found to be relatively higher than those with favorable histology (5.18 ± 2.38 vs. 3.21 ± 1.69). The mean SUVmax of two common sites (posterior superior iliac spine [PSIS] and greater trochanter) was higher in patients with involved marrow than those with uninvolved one (2.36 and 2.75 vs. 1.26 and 1.34, respectively). The ratio of SUVmax of the involved/ contralateral normal sites was 2.16 ± 1.9. In equivocal bone marrow results, the uptake pattern with SUV estimation can depict metastatic involvement and help in redirecting the biopsy site. Among seven patients of pheochromocytoma, FDG-PET revealed 100% patient-specific sensitivity. FDG-PET detected more metastatic foci than (131)I-MIBG (18 vs. 13 sites). In seven patients of medullary carcinoma thyroid, FDG-PET localized residual, recurrent, or metastatic disease with much higher sensitivity (32 metastatic foci with 72% patient specific sensitivity) than (131)I-MIBG, trending along the higher serum calcitonin levels. FDG-PET is not only a good complementary modality in the management of neural crest cell tumors but also it can even be superior, especially in cases of (131)I-MIBG nonavid tumors.
28413794	0	22	Comparative evaluation	T058	C1261322
28413794	26	60	iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine	T109,T121,T130	C0879568
28413794	65	86	18-fluorodeoxyglucose	T109,T130	C0046056
28413794	87	115	positron emission tomography	T060	C0032743
28413794	129	148	neural crest tumors	T047	C2931189
28413794	187	208	18-Fluorodeoxyglucose	T109,T130	C0046056
28413794	209	237	positron emission tomography	T060	C0032743
28413794	239	246	FDG-PET	T060	C0032743
28413794	300	312	malignancies	T191	C0006826
28413794	335	348	clinical role	T078	C2347795
28413794	356	380	neural crest cell tumors	T047	C2931189
28413794	443	477	iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine	T109,T121,T130	C0879568
28413794	479	490	(131)I-MIBG	T109,T121,T130	C0879568
28413794	496	503	FDG-PET	T060	C0032743
28413794	523	531	patients	T101	C0030705
28413794	537	556	neural crest tumors	T047	C2931189
28413794	562	575	qualitatively	T080	C0034375
28413794	580	598	semiquantitatively	T057	C2986822
28413794	622	638	clinical utility	T033	C0422813
28413794	642	667	disease status evaluation	T033	C0243095
28413794	672	690	further management	T058	C0376636
28413794	706	714	patients	T101	C0030705
28413794	733	744	(131)I-MIBG	T109,T121,T130	C0879568
28413794	749	756	FDG-PET	T060	C0032743
28413794	790	811	clinicopathologically	T169	C0205469
28413794	843	856	neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
28413794	858	874	pheochromocytoma	T191	C0031511
28413794	880	907	medullary carcinoma thyroid	T191	C0238462
28413794	915	923	patients	T101	C0030705
28413794	927	940	neuroblastoma	T191	C0027819
28413794	942	949	FDG PET	T060	C0032743
28413794	954	965	(131)I-MIBG	T109,T121,T130	C0879568
28413794	973	1001	patient-specific sensitivity	T033	C4304945
28413794	1041	1074	maximum standardized uptake value	T081	C2986846
28413794	1076	1082	SUVmax	T081	C2986846
28413794	1087	1102	primary lesions	T047	C1402294
28413794	1106	1114	patients	T101	C0030705
28413794	1120	1141	unfavorable histology	T169	C4048239
28413794	1192	1211	favorable histology	T169	C4048239
28413794	1252	1258	SUVmax	T081	C2986846
28413794	1280	1310	posterior superior iliac spine	T023	C0223646
28413794	1312	1316	PSIS	T023	C0223646
28413794	1322	1340	greater trochanter	T023	C0223865
28413794	1356	1364	patients	T101	C0030705
28413794	1379	1385	marrow	T023	C0376152
28413794	1479	1485	SUVmax	T081	C2986846
28413794	1503	1529	contralateral normal sites	T082	C0441988
28413794	1549	1558	equivocal	T080	C0332241
28413794	1559	1578	bone marrow results	T034	C0427694
28413794	1604	1607	SUV	T081	C2348529
28413794	1630	1652	metastatic involvement	T169	C1522484
28413794	1681	1692	biopsy site	T201	C1301128
28413794	1706	1714	patients	T101	C0030705
28413794	1718	1734	pheochromocytoma	T191	C0031511
28413794	1736	1743	FDG-PET	T060	C0032743
28413794	1758	1786	patient-specific sensitivity	T033	C4304945
28413794	1788	1795	FDG-PET	T060	C0032743
28413794	1810	1825	metastatic foci	T082	C0205234
28413794	1831	1842	(131)I-MIBG	T109,T121,T130	C0879568
28413794	1871	1879	patients	T101	C0030705
28413794	1883	1910	medullary carcinoma thyroid	T191	C0238462
28413794	1912	1919	FDG-PET	T060	C0032743
28413794	1940	1949	recurrent	T047	C0277556
28413794	1954	1972	metastatic disease	T191	C0027627
28413794	2006	2021	metastatic foci	T082	C0205234
28413794	2031	2059	patient specific sensitivity	T033	C4304945
28413794	2066	2077	(131)I-MIBG	T109,T121,T130	C0879568
28413794	2098	2128	higher serum calcitonin levels	T059	C0863135
28413794	2130	2137	FDG-PET	T060	C0032743
28413794	2157	2179	complementary modality	T078	C0695347
28413794	2201	2225	neural crest cell tumors	T047	C2931189
28413794	2283	2294	(131)I-MIBG	T109,T121,T130	C0879568
28413794	2295	2309	nonavid tumors	T191	C0027651

28413969|t|Optimizing the management of uncontrolled hypertension: what do triple fixed- dose drug combinations add?
28413969|a|Fixed-dose triple drug combinations represent one of the latest innovations of pharmacotherapy for hypertension (HT). They combine a traditional renin-angiotensin system blocker, a diuretic and a calcium channel blocker. The main benefit is the simplification of treatment regimen because 3 different agents are combined at different doses in a single pill. Improving adherence to treatment partly explains why this kind of combination may effectively reduce blood pressure (BP). BP lowering by a single-pill triple-drug combination can be approximately predicted, by using appropriate formulas described in previous meta-analysis of randomized trials. Thus, clinicians may select the appropriate dose for each of the combined drugs. Selection of different types of fixed-dose triple-drug combinations relies upon clinical experience, commercial availability and evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses for each agent alone. However, triple fixed-dose drug combinations should be reserved only for patients with uncontrolled BP with 2 agents, poor adherence in complex therapeutic regimens or on inappropriate free-drug combinations. Also, triple therapy may help overcome clinical inertia by prescribing more potent antihypertensive formulations in one pill. In contrast, this type of multiple-drug fixed-dose combination might be less safe in very old and frail patients, as well as in those with chronic kidney disease. Although new combinations may help overcome the clinical inertia of achieving individualized BP targets, doctors should also pay attention reinforcement of lifestyle changes.
28413969	0	10	Optimizing	T052	C2698650
28413969	15	25	management	T058	C0376636
28413969	29	54	uncontrolled hypertension	T047	C1868885
28413969	64	100	triple fixed- dose drug combinations	T121	C0013162
28413969	106	141	Fixed-dose triple drug combinations	T121	C0013162
28413969	185	200	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
28413969	205	217	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28413969	219	221	HT	T047	C0020538
28413969	251	275	renin-angiotensin system	T022	C0035096
28413969	276	283	blocker	T121	C0815017
28413969	287	295	diuretic	T121	C0012798
28413969	302	325	calcium channel blocker	T121	C0006684
28413969	369	386	treatment regimen	T061	C0040808
28413969	407	413	agents	T121	C1254351
28413969	440	445	doses	T081	C0178602
28413969	458	462	pill	T122	C0994475
28413969	474	483	adherence	T169	C1510802
28413969	487	496	treatment	T061	C0087111
28413969	530	541	combination	T121	C0013162
28413969	565	579	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28413969	581	583	BP	T040	C0005823
28413969	586	588	BP	T040	C0005823
28413969	603	638	single-pill triple-drug combination	T121	C0013162
28413969	692	700	formulas	T077	C1705957
28413969	723	736	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
28413969	740	757	randomized trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28413969	765	775	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28413969	803	807	dose	T081	C0178602
28413969	824	838	combined drugs	T121	C0013162
28413969	872	907	fixed-dose triple-drug combinations	T121	C0013162
28413969	920	939	clinical experience	T041	C0237607
28413969	941	964	commercial availability	T169	C0470187
28413969	983	998	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28413969	1003	1016	meta-analyses	T170	C0282458
28413969	1026	1031	agent	T121	C1254351
28413969	1048	1083	triple fixed-dose drug combinations	T121	C0013162
28413969	1112	1120	patients	T101	C0030705
28413969	1139	1141	BP	T040	C0005823
28413969	1149	1155	agents	T121	C1254351
28413969	1162	1171	adherence	T169	C1510802
28413969	1183	1203	therapeutic regimens	T061	C0040808
28413969	1224	1246	free-drug combinations	T121	C0013162
28413969	1254	1268	triple therapy	T061	C0087111
28413969	1287	1295	clinical	T080	C0205210
28413969	1287	1295	clinical	T080	C0205210
28413969	1296	1303	inertia	T033	C4022575
28413969	1331	1360	antihypertensive formulations	T121	C0003364
28413969	1368	1372	pill	T122	C0994475
28413969	1400	1436	multiple-drug fixed-dose combination	T121	C0013162
28413969	1459	1477	very old and frail	T100	C0079377
28413969	1478	1486	patients	T101	C0030705
28413969	1513	1535	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
28413969	1550	1562	combinations	T121	C0013162
28413969	1585	1593	clinical	T080	C0205210
28413969	1594	1601	inertia	T033	C4022575
28413969	1630	1632	BP	T040	C0005823
28413969	1642	1649	doctors	T097	C0031831
28413969	1693	1702	lifestyle	T054	C0023676

28414203|t|Self - assembled nanocomplex between polymerized phenylboronic acid and doxorubicin for efficient tumor - targeted chemotherapy
28414203|a|Since the discovery that nano-scaled particulates can easily be incorporated into tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, such nanostructures have been exploited as therapeutic small molecule delivery systems. However, the convoluted synthetic process of conventional nanostructures has impeded their feasibility and reproducibility in clinical applications. Herein, we report an easily prepared formulation of self - assembled nanostructures for systemic delivery of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). Phenylboronic acid (PBA) was grafted onto the polymeric backbone of poly(maleic anhydride). pPBA-DOX nanocomplexes were prepared by simple mixing, on the basis of the strong interaction between the 1,3-diol of DOX and the PBA moiety on pPBA. Three nanocomplexes (1, 2, 4) were designed on the basis of [PBA]:[DOX] molar ratios of 1:1, 2:1, and 4:1, respectively, to investigate the function of the residual PBA moiety as a targeting ligand. An acid-labile drug release profile was observed, owing to the intrinsic properties of the phenylboronic ester. Moreover, the tumor - targeting ability of the nanocomplexes was demonstrated, both in vitro by confocal microscopy and in vivo by fluorescence imaging, to be driven by an inherent property of the residual PBA. Ligand competition assays with free PBA pre-treatment demonstrated the targeting effect of the residual PBA from the nanocomplexes 2 and 4. Finally, the nanocomplexes 2 and 4, compared with the free DOX, exhibited significantly greater anti-cancer effects in vitro and even in vivo. Our pPBA-DOX nanocomplex enables a new paradigm for self - assembled nanostructures with potential biomedical applications.
28414203	0	4	Self	T078	C0036588
28414203	7	16	assembled	T052	C1706853
28414203	17	28	nanocomplex	T121	C1254351
28414203	37	48	polymerized	T067	C0314672
28414203	49	67	phenylboronic acid	T109,T130	C0053163
28414203	72	83	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28414203	88	97	efficient	T080	C0442799
28414203	98	103	tumor	T191	C0027651
28414203	106	114	targeted	T169	C1521840
28414203	115	127	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28414203	138	147	discovery	T052	C1880355
28414203	153	177	nano-scaled particulates	T073	C1450053
28414203	210	216	tumors	T191	C0027651
28414203	225	273	enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect	T080	C1280500
28414203	280	294	nanostructures	T073	C1450053
28414203	318	329	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28414203	345	361	delivery systems	T074	C0085104
28414203	376	386	convoluted	T080	C0205401
28414203	387	404	synthetic process	T052	C1883254
28414203	408	420	conventional	T080	C0439858
28414203	421	435	nanostructures	T073	C1450053
28414203	454	465	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28414203	470	485	reproducibility	T080	C1514863
28414203	489	510	clinical applications	T058	C1880106
28414203	523	529	report	T058	C0700287
28414203	549	560	formulation	T062	C0524527
28414203	564	568	self	T078	C0036588
28414203	571	580	assembled	T052	C1706853
28414203	581	595	nanostructures	T073	C1450053
28414203	600	617	systemic delivery	T074	C0085104
28414203	625	641	anti-cancer drug	T109,T121	C0003392
28414203	642	653	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28414203	655	658	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28414203	661	679	Phenylboronic acid	T109,T130	C0053163
28414203	681	684	PBA	T109,T130	C0053163
28414203	690	697	grafted	T080	C1527362
28414203	707	725	polymeric backbone	T104,T122	C0032521
28414203	729	751	poly(maleic anhydride)	T121	C1254351
28414203	753	775	pPBA-DOX nanocomplexes	T121	C1254351
28414203	793	799	simple	T080	C0205352
28414203	800	806	mixing	T169	C0205430
28414203	828	834	strong	T080	C0442821
28414203	835	846	interaction	T169	C1704675
28414203	871	874	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28414203	883	893	PBA moiety	T109,T130	C0053163
28414203	897	901	pPBA	T104,T122	C0032521
28414203	909	922	nanocomplexes	T121	C1254351
28414203	964	967	PBA	T109,T130	C0053163
28414203	970	973	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28414203	975	987	molar ratios	T081	C2825550
28414203	1027	1038	investigate	T169	C1292732
28414203	1043	1051	function	T169	C0542341
28414203	1059	1067	residual	T080	C1609982
28414203	1068	1078	PBA moiety	T109,T130	C0053163
28414203	1084	1093	targeting	T169	C1521840
28414203	1094	1100	ligand	T121	C1254351
28414203	1117	1129	drug release	T070	C3850077
28414203	1142	1150	observed	T169	C1441672
28414203	1165	1185	intrinsic properties	T169	C0439674
28414203	1193	1212	phenylboronic ester	T121	C1254351
28414203	1228	1233	tumor	T191	C0027651
28414203	1236	1245	targeting	T169	C1521840
28414203	1261	1274	nanocomplexes	T121	C1254351
28414203	1298	1306	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28414203	1310	1329	confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
28414203	1334	1341	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28414203	1345	1365	fluorescence imaging	T060	C0430876
28414203	1386	1403	inherent property	T067	C1562679
28414203	1411	1419	residual	T080	C1609982
28414203	1420	1423	PBA	T109,T130	C0053163
28414203	1425	1450	Ligand competition assays	T059	C0005507
28414203	1461	1464	PBA	T109,T130	C0053163
28414203	1465	1478	pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
28414203	1496	1505	targeting	T169	C1521840
28414203	1506	1512	effect	T080	C1280500
28414203	1520	1528	residual	T080	C1609982
28414203	1529	1532	PBA	T109,T130	C0053163
28414203	1542	1555	nanocomplexes	T121	C1254351
28414203	1578	1591	nanocomplexes	T121	C1254351
28414203	1601	1609	compared	T052	C1707455
28414203	1619	1627	free DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28414203	1653	1660	greater	T081	C1704243
28414203	1661	1672	anti-cancer	T109,T121	C0003392
28414203	1673	1680	effects	T080	C1280500
28414203	1681	1689	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28414203	1699	1706	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28414203	1712	1732	pPBA-DOX nanocomplex	T121	C1254351
28414203	1747	1755	paradigm	T062	C0681797
28414203	1760	1764	self	T078	C0036588
28414203	1767	1776	assembled	T052	C1706853
28414203	1777	1791	nanostructures	T073	C1450053
28414203	1797	1806	potential	T080	C3245505
28414203	1807	1830	biomedical applications	T058	C0752188

28414491|t|Associations Between Emotional Abuse and Neglect and Dimensions of Alexithymia: The Moderating Role of Sex
28414491|a|Child maltreatment, specifically emotional maltreatment (i.e., an act, such as belittling, blaming, or rejection, that is potentially harmful to a child's emotional development), has emerged as an important correlate of alexithymia. However, the evidence is mixed with regard to how emotional abuse and neglect might relate to dimensions of alexithymia (i.e., externally oriented thinking, difficulty describing feelings, and difficulty identifying feelings). Furthermore, research is needed to identify individual factors that might influence these associations. The current study examined the links between emotional abuse and neglect and externally oriented thinking, difficulty describing feelings, and difficulty identifying feelings and evaluated whether sex moderated these associations. Participants included 500 emerging adults (49.6% male) who completed an online battery of questionnaires assessing history of child maltreatment and dimensions of alexithymia. Regression analyses revealed that emotional abuse was associated with difficulty describing feelings and externally oriented thinking, but not difficulty identifying feelings. Emotional neglect was associated with difficulty identifying feelings, but not difficulty describing feelings or externally oriented thinking. There were no sex differences associated with difficulty describing feelings or externally oriented thinking. However, sex moderated the associations between emotional abuse and neglect and difficulty identifying feelings such that emotional abuse and neglect were both more strongly associated with difficulty identifying feelings for females. These results suggest that, in the aftermath of emotional maltreatment, sex may play an important role in the development of difficulty identifying feelings. (PsycINFO Database Record
28414491	0	12	Associations	T041	C0004083
28414491	21	36	Emotional Abuse	T048	C0730557
28414491	41	48	Neglect	T048	C4296683
28414491	53	63	Dimensions	T081	C0439534
28414491	67	78	Alexithymia	T184	C0002020
28414491	103	106	Sex	T032	C1522384
28414491	107	125	Child maltreatment	T048	C0008060
28414491	140	162	emotional maltreatment	T033	C0344197
28414491	173	176	act	T078	C1551336
28414491	186	196	belittling	T041	C0025361
28414491	198	205	blaming	T041	C0870209
28414491	210	219	rejection	T054	C0035015
28414491	229	248	potentially harmful	T033	C0438698
28414491	254	261	child's	T100	C0008059
28414491	262	283	emotional development	T041	C0679103
28414491	327	338	alexithymia	T184	C0002020
28414491	353	361	evidence	T078	C3887511
28414491	390	405	emotional abuse	T048	C0730557
28414491	410	417	neglect	T048	C4296683
28414491	434	444	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28414491	448	459	alexithymia	T184	C0002020
28414491	467	495	externally oriented thinking	T041	C0039869
28414491	497	507	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28414491	519	527	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	533	543	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28414491	556	564	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	580	588	research	T062	C0035168
28414491	611	621	individual	T098	C0237401
28414491	657	669	associations	T041	C0004083
28414491	675	688	current study	T062	C2603343
28414491	716	731	emotional abuse	T048	C0730557
28414491	736	743	neglect	T048	C4296683
28414491	748	776	externally oriented thinking	T041	C0039869
28414491	778	788	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28414491	800	808	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	814	824	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28414491	837	845	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	850	859	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28414491	868	871	sex	T032	C1522384
28414491	888	900	associations	T041	C0004083
28414491	902	914	Participants	T098	C0679646
28414491	937	943	adults	T100	C0001675
28414491	951	955	male	T032	C0086582
28414491	992	1006	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28414491	1028	1046	child maltreatment	T048	C0008060
28414491	1051	1061	dimensions	T081	C0439534
28414491	1065	1076	alexithymia	T184	C0002020
28414491	1078	1097	Regression analyses	T170	C0034980
28414491	1112	1127	emotional abuse	T048	C0730557
28414491	1132	1147	associated with	T080	C0332281
28414491	1148	1158	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28414491	1170	1178	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	1183	1211	externally oriented thinking	T041	C0039869
28414491	1217	1231	not difficulty	T033	C3843355
28414491	1244	1252	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	1254	1271	Emotional neglect	T048	C4296683
28414491	1276	1291	associated with	T080	C0332281
28414491	1292	1302	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28414491	1315	1323	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	1329	1343	not difficulty	T033	C3843355
28414491	1355	1363	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	1367	1395	externally oriented thinking	T041	C0039869
28414491	1411	1414	sex	T032	C1522384
28414491	1427	1442	associated with	T080	C0332281
28414491	1443	1453	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28414491	1465	1473	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	1477	1505	externally oriented thinking	T041	C0039869
28414491	1516	1519	sex	T032	C1522384
28414491	1534	1546	associations	T041	C0004083
28414491	1555	1570	emotional abuse	T048	C0730557
28414491	1575	1582	neglect	T048	C4296683
28414491	1587	1597	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28414491	1610	1618	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	1629	1644	emotional abuse	T048	C0730557
28414491	1649	1656	neglect	T048	C4296683
28414491	1681	1696	associated with	T080	C0332281
28414491	1697	1707	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28414491	1720	1728	feelings	T041	C1527305
28414491	1733	1740	females	T032	C0086287
28414491	1790	1812	emotional maltreatment	T033	C0344197
28414491	1814	1817	sex	T032	C1522384
28414491	1852	1863	development	T039	C0020119
28414491	1867	1877	difficulty	T080	C0332218
28414491	1890	1898	feelings	T041	C1527305

28415132|t|Genetic alterations in mesiodens as revealed by targeted next-generation sequencing and gene co-occurrence network analysis
28415132|a|Mesiodens is the most common type of supernumerary tooth which includes a population prevalence of 0.15%-1.9%. Alongside evidence that the condition is heritable, mutations in single genes have been reported in few human supernumerary tooth cases. Gene sequencing methods in tradition way are time-consuming and labor-intensive, whereas next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics are cost-effective for large samples and target sizes. We describe the application of a targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics approach to samples from 17 mesiodens patients. Subjects were diagnosed on the basis of panoramic radiograph. A total of 101 candidate genes which were captured custom genes were sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500. Multistep bioinformatics processing was performed including variant identification, base calling, and in silico analysis of putative disease - causing variants. Targeted capture identified 88 non-synonymous, rare, exonic variants involving 42 of the 101 candidate genes. Moreover, we investigated gene co-occurrence relationships between the genomic alterations and identified 88 significant relationships among 18 most recurrent driver alterations. Our search for co-occurring genetic alterations revealed that such alterations interact cooperatively to drive mesiodens. We discovered a gene co-occurrence network in mesiodens patients with functionally enriched gene groups in the sonic hedgehog (SHH), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP), and wingless integrated (WNT) signaling pathways.
28415132	0	19	Genetic alterations	T045	C0026882
28415132	23	32	mesiodens	T047	C0266030
28415132	36	44	revealed	T080	C0443289
28415132	48	56	targeted	T169	C1521840
28415132	57	83	next-generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
28415132	88	92	gene	T028	C0017337
28415132	93	106	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
28415132	107	123	network analysis	T062	C4277638
28415132	124	133	Mesiodens	T047	C0266030
28415132	146	152	common	T081	C0205214
28415132	153	157	type	T080	C0332307
28415132	161	180	supernumerary tooth	T033	C0040457
28415132	198	208	population	T098	C1257890
28415132	209	219	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28415132	245	253	evidence	T078	C3887511
28415132	263	272	condition	T080	C0348080
28415132	276	285	heritable	T169	C0439660
28415132	287	296	mutations	T045	C0026882
28415132	307	312	genes	T028	C0017337
28415132	339	344	human	T016	C0086418
28415132	345	364	supernumerary tooth	T033	C0040457
28415132	365	370	cases	T169	C0868928
28415132	372	395	Gene sequencing methods	T063	C1328887
28415132	417	431	time-consuming	T080	C3827829
28415132	436	451	labor-intensive	T098	C0022866
28415132	461	487	next-generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
28415132	492	506	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28415132	511	525	cost-effective	T057	C1511536
28415132	530	543	large samples	T081	C0871429
28415132	548	554	target	T169	C1521840
28415132	555	560	sizes	T081	C0242618
28415132	578	589	application	T169	C4048755
28415132	595	603	targeted	T169	C1521840
28415132	604	630	next-generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
28415132	632	635	NGS	T063	C2936622
28415132	641	655	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28415132	668	675	samples	T081	C0871429
28415132	684	693	mesiodens	T047	C0266030
28415132	694	702	patients	T101	C0030705
28415132	704	712	Subjects	T098	C2349001
28415132	718	727	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28415132	744	764	panoramic radiograph	T060	C0034579
28415132	781	796	candidate genes	T028	C1332838
28415132	824	829	genes	T028	C0017337
28415132	835	844	sequenced	T063	C1328887
28415132	852	871	Illumina HiSeq 2500	T074	C0025080
28415132	883	897	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28415132	898	908	processing	T052	C1709694
28415132	913	922	performed	T169	C0884358
28415132	933	940	variant	T080	C0205419
28415132	941	955	identification	T080	C0205396
28415132	957	969	base calling	T059	C1294197
28415132	975	984	in silico	T066	C3489666
28415132	985	993	analysis	T062	C0936012
28415132	997	1013	putative disease	T047	C0012634
28415132	1016	1023	causing	T169	C0678227
28415132	1024	1032	variants	T080	C0205419
28415132	1034	1042	Targeted	T169	C1521840
28415132	1051	1061	identified	T080	C0205396
28415132	1065	1079	non-synonymous	T045	C0599155
28415132	1081	1085	rare	T080	C0522498
28415132	1087	1093	exonic	T045	C1519323
28415132	1094	1102	variants	T080	C0205419
28415132	1127	1142	candidate genes	T028	C1332838
28415132	1157	1169	investigated	T169	C1292732
28415132	1170	1174	gene	T028	C0017337
28415132	1175	1188	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
28415132	1189	1202	relationships	T080	C0439849
28415132	1215	1234	genomic alterations	T045	C0026882
28415132	1239	1249	identified	T080	C0205396
28415132	1253	1264	significant	T078	C0750502
28415132	1265	1278	relationships	T080	C0439849
28415132	1293	1302	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28415132	1310	1321	alterations	T045	C0026882
28415132	1327	1333	search	T052	C1706202
28415132	1338	1350	co-occurring	T079	C2745955
28415132	1351	1370	genetic alterations	T045	C0026882
28415132	1371	1379	revealed	T080	C0443289
28415132	1390	1401	alterations	T045	C0026882
28415132	1402	1410	interact	T169	C1704675
28415132	1434	1443	mesiodens	T047	C0266030
28415132	1448	1458	discovered	T052	C1880355
28415132	1461	1465	gene	T028	C0017337
28415132	1466	1479	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
28415132	1480	1487	network	T169	C1882071
28415132	1491	1500	mesiodens	T047	C0266030
28415132	1501	1509	patients	T101	C0030705
28415132	1537	1541	gene	T028	C0017337
28415132	1542	1548	groups	T078	C0441833
28415132	1556	1570	sonic hedgehog	T116,T123	C0258846
28415132	1572	1575	SHH	T116,T123	C0258846
28415132	1578	1605	bone morphogenetic proteins	T116,T123	C0053932
28415132	1607	1610	BMP	T116,T123	C0053932
28415132	1617	1636	wingless integrated	T116,T123	C0753137
28415132	1638	1641	WNT	T116,T123	C0753137
28415132	1643	1661	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080

28415499|t|Antibacterial effect of PEO coating with silver on AA7075
28415499|a|In this work, plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings were produced on AA7075 using alkaline solution containing silicates compounds and silver micrometric particles in order to give to the coating an antimicrobial effect. In the optic of circular economy, silver chloride derived from the acid pre-treatment of electronic scraps was used as raw material and successively silver powders were synthesized from silver chloride solution using glucose syrup as reducing agent. The coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), potentiodynamic polarization test and antimicrobial tests. The results evidenced that the obtained coatings were homogenous and give to the samples higher corrosion resistance than untreated alloy. The silver particles, found both inside and outside of the pores that characterize the PEO layer, produced an efficacious antimicrobial effect both against E. coli and S. aureus.
28415499	0	20	Antibacterial effect	T043	C1516022
28415499	24	27	PEO	T067	C1254366
28415499	28	35	coating	T080	C1522408
28415499	41	47	silver	T196	C0037125
28415499	51	57	AA7075	T122,T197	C0002154
28415499	72	101	plasma electrolytic oxidation	T067	C1254366
28415499	103	106	PEO	T067	C1254366
28415499	108	116	coatings	T080	C1522408
28415499	134	140	AA7075	T122,T197	C0002154
28415499	147	155	alkaline	T080	C1979842
28415499	156	164	solution	T167	C0037633
28415499	176	195	silicates compounds	T197	C0086983
28415499	200	206	silver	T196	C0037125
28415499	207	228	micrometric particles	T104	C0597177
28415499	253	260	coating	T080	C1522408
28415499	264	284	antimicrobial effect	T043	C1516022
28415499	293	298	optic	T082	C0449911
28415499	302	318	circular economy	T081	C0870462
28415499	320	335	silver chloride	T197	C0074536
28415499	353	357	acid	T103	C0001128
28415499	358	371	pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
28415499	375	392	electronic scraps	T068	C2936634
28415499	405	408	raw	T080	C1709843
28415499	409	417	material	T167	C0520510
28415499	435	441	silver	T196	C0037125
28415499	442	449	powders	T167	C1382110
28415499	455	466	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28415499	472	487	silver chloride	T197	C0074536
28415499	488	496	solution	T167	C0037633
28415499	503	516	glucose syrup	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28415499	520	534	reducing agent	T130	C0376446
28415499	540	548	coatings	T080	C1522408
28415499	571	599	scanning electron microscope	T074	C0262878
28415499	601	604	SEM	T074	C0262878
28415499	607	633	X-ray diffraction analysis	T059	C0599643
28415499	635	638	XRD	T059	C0599643
28415499	641	673	X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy	T059	C2700282
28415499	675	678	XPS	T059	C2700282
28415499	681	714	potentiodynamic polarization test	T059	C0022885
28415499	719	738	antimicrobial tests	T059	C0201179
28415499	780	788	coatings	T080	C1522408
28415499	794	804	homogenous	T082	C0439713
28415499	821	828	samples	T167	C0370003
28415499	829	835	higher	T080	C0205250
28415499	836	845	corrosion	T070	C0010106
28415499	846	856	resistance	T169	C4281815
28415499	862	871	untreated	T033	C0243095
28415499	872	877	alloy	T122,T197	C0002154
28415499	883	889	silver	T196	C0037125
28415499	890	899	particles	T104	C0597177
28415499	912	918	inside	T082	C0205102
28415499	923	930	outside	T082	C0205101
28415499	938	943	pores	T081	C3829176
28415499	966	969	PEO	T067	C1254366
28415499	970	975	layer	T080	C1522408
28415499	989	1000	efficacious	T080	C1704419
28415499	1001	1021	antimicrobial effect	T043	C1516022
28415499	1027	1034	against	T080	C0521124
28415499	1035	1042	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28415499	1047	1056	S. aureus	T007	C0038172

28415552|t|In vitro and in vivo characterization of anodised zirconium as a potential material for biomedical applications
28415552|a|In vitro studies offer the insights for the understanding of the mechanisms at the tissue-implant interface that will provide an effective functioning in vivo. The good biocompatibility of zirconium makes a good candidate for biomedical applications and the attractive in vivo performance is mainly due to the presence of a protective oxide layer. The aim of this study is to evaluate by in vitro and in vivo approach, the influence of surface modification achieved by anodisation at 30 and 60V on zirconium implants on the first steps of the osseointegration process. In this study cell attachment, proliferation and morphology of mouse myoblast C2C12-GFP and in mouse osteoprogenitor MC3T3-E1 cells was evaluated. Also, together with the immune system response, osteoclast differentiation and morphology with RAW 264.7 murine cell line were analysed. It was found that anodisation treatment at 60V enhanced cell spreading and the osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells morphology, showing a strong dependence on the surface characteristics. In vivo tests were performed in a rat femur osteotomy model. Dynamical and static histological and histomorphometric analyses were developed 15 and 30 days after surgery. Newly formed bone around Zr60V implants showed a continuous newly compact and homogeneous bone just 15 after surgery, as judged by the enhanced thickness and mineralization rate. The results indicate that anodising treatment at 60V could be an effective improvement in the osseointegration of zirconium by stimulating adhesion, proliferation, morphology, new bone thickness and bone mineral apposition, making zirconium an emerging candidate material for biomedical applications.
28415552	0	8	In vitro	T080	C1533691
28415552	13	20	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28415552	21	37	characterization	T052	C1880022
28415552	41	59	anodised zirconium	T196	C0043506
28415552	75	83	material	T122	C0005479
28415552	88	98	biomedical	T091	C1879848
28415552	99	111	applications	T169	C4048755
28415552	112	128	In vitro studies	T062	C0681828
28415552	177	187	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28415552	195	219	tissue-implant interface	T030	C0229984
28415552	251	262	functioning	T169	C0542341
28415552	263	270	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28415552	281	297	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28415552	301	310	zirconium	T196	C0043506
28415552	338	348	biomedical	T091	C1879848
28415552	349	361	applications	T169	C4048755
28415552	381	388	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28415552	389	400	performance	T052	C1882330
28415552	447	452	oxide	T197	C0030015
28415552	453	458	layer	T080	C1522408
28415552	476	481	study	T062	C2603343
28415552	500	508	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28415552	513	520	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28415552	521	529	approach	T082	C0449445
28415552	548	555	surface	T082	C0205148
28415552	556	568	modification	T169	C0392747
28415552	581	592	anodisation	T067	C1254366
28415552	610	619	zirconium	T196	C0043506
28415552	620	628	implants	T074	C0021102
28415552	655	679	osseointegration process	T042	C0079949
28415552	689	694	study	T062	C2603343
28415552	695	710	cell attachment	T043	C0007577
28415552	712	725	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28415552	730	740	morphology	T080	C0243091
28415552	744	749	mouse	T015	C0025929
28415552	750	758	myoblast	T025	C0596995
28415552	759	768	C2C12-GFP	T025	C0596995
28415552	776	781	mouse	T015	C0025929
28415552	782	812	osteoprogenitor MC3T3-E1 cells	T025	C0038250
28415552	852	874	immune system response	T042	C0301872
28415552	876	886	osteoclast	T025	C0029431
28415552	887	902	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28415552	907	917	morphology	T080	C0332437
28415552	923	949	RAW 264.7 murine cell line	T025	C4042840
28415552	955	963	analysed	T062	C0936012
28415552	983	994	anodisation	T067	C1254366
28415552	995	1004	treatment	T169	C1522326
28415552	1021	1035	cell spreading	T043	C0007577
28415552	1044	1056	osteoblastic	T080	C0243091
28415552	1061	1090	osteoclastic cells morphology	T080	C0243091
28415552	1127	1134	surface	T082	C0205148
28415552	1135	1150	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28415552	1152	1165	In vivo tests	T059	C1511124
28415552	1186	1195	rat femur	T023	C1882669
28415552	1186	1211	rat femur osteotomy model	T075	C0026339
28415552	1234	1246	histological	T059	C0344441
28415552	1251	1277	histomorphometric analyses	T059	C0200771
28415552	1303	1307	days	T079	C0439228
28415552	1314	1321	surgery	T061	C0543467
28415552	1336	1340	bone	T023	C0262950
28415552	1348	1353	Zr60V	T196	C0043506
28415552	1354	1362	implants	T074	C0021102
28415552	1389	1396	compact	T024	C0222661
28415552	1401	1417	homogeneous bone	T023	C0262950
28415552	1432	1439	surgery	T061	C0543467
28415552	1467	1476	thickness	T080	C1280412
28415552	1481	1495	mineralization	T042	C2350989
28415552	1496	1500	rate	T081	C1521828
28415552	1506	1513	results	T169	C1274040
28415552	1528	1537	anodising	T067	C1254366
28415552	1538	1547	treatment	T169	C1522326
28415552	1551	1554	60V	T081	C0392762
28415552	1567	1576	effective	T080	C1704419
28415552	1577	1588	improvement	T077	C2986411
28415552	1596	1612	osseointegration	T042	C0079949
28415552	1616	1625	zirconium	T196	C0043506
28415552	1641	1649	adhesion	T043	C0007577
28415552	1651	1664	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28415552	1666	1676	morphology	T080	C0243091
28415552	1682	1686	bone	T023	C0262950
28415552	1687	1696	thickness	T080	C1280412
28415552	1701	1705	bone	T023	C0262950
28415552	1706	1724	mineral apposition	T042	C2350989
28415552	1733	1742	zirconium	T196	C0043506
28415552	1765	1773	material	T122	C0005479
28415552	1778	1788	biomedical	T091	C1879848
28415552	1789	1801	applications	T169	C4048755

28415987|t|Validity and reliability of fluoroscopy for digital radiography: a new way to evaluate diaphragmatic mobility
28415987|a|Fluoroscopy is considered the most accurate method to evaluate the diaphragm, yet most existing methods for measuring diaphragmatic mobility using fluoroscopy are complex. To assess the validity and reliability of a new evaluation method of diaphragmatic motion using fluoroscopy by digital radiography of healthy adults. Twenty-six adults were evaluated, according to the parameters: anthropometry and pulmonary function test. The evaluation of diaphragm mobility by means of fluoroscopy by digital radiography method was randomly conducted by two raters (A and B). The Pearson correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to assess the concurrent validity. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the measurement of diaphragmatic motion was determined using ICC and a confidence interval of 95%. There was a relationship in the assessment of the concurrent validity. There was good inter-rater reliability for right hemidiaphragm mobility and moderate reliability for left hemidiaphragm in the first assessment. In the second assessment, there was good reliability for the mobility of both hemidiaphragms. There was good intra-rater reliability in the mobility of both hemidiaphragms for raters A and B. The evaluation of diaphragmatic motion using fluoroscopy by digital radiography proved to be a valid and reliable method of healthy adults.
28415987	0	8	Validity	T081	C2349101
28415987	13	24	reliability	T081	C2347947
28415987	28	39	fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
28415987	44	63	digital radiography	T060	C0012249
28415987	78	86	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28415987	87	100	diaphragmatic	T023	C0011980
28415987	101	109	mobility	T070	C0026597
28415987	110	121	Fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
28415987	154	160	method	T062	C2911685
28415987	164	172	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28415987	177	186	diaphragm	T023	C0011980
28415987	206	213	methods	T062	C2911685
28415987	228	241	diaphragmatic	T023	C0011980
28415987	242	250	mobility	T070	C0026597
28415987	257	268	fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
28415987	296	304	validity	T081	C2349101
28415987	309	320	reliability	T081	C2347947
28415987	330	347	evaluation method	T062	C2911685
28415987	351	364	diaphragmatic	T023	C0011980
28415987	365	371	motion	T070	C0026597
28415987	378	389	fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
28415987	393	412	digital radiography	T060	C0012249
28415987	416	423	healthy	T080	C3898900
28415987	424	430	adults	T100	C0001675
28415987	443	449	adults	T100	C0001675
28415987	455	464	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28415987	495	508	anthropometry	T062	C0003188
28415987	513	536	pulmonary function test	T060	C0024119
28415987	542	552	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28415987	556	565	diaphragm	T023	C0011980
28415987	566	574	mobility	T070	C0026597
28415987	587	598	fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
28415987	602	621	digital radiography	T060	C0012249
28415987	622	628	method	T062	C2911685
28415987	681	712	Pearson correlation coefficient	T081	C0871052
28415987	721	755	intraclass correlation coefficient	T081	C0392762
28415987	757	760	ICC	T081	C0392762
28415987	797	805	validity	T081	C2349101
28415987	839	850	reliability	T081	C2347947
28415987	858	869	measurement	T169	C0242485
28415987	873	886	diaphragmatic	T023	C0011980
28415987	887	893	motion	T070	C0026597
28415987	915	918	ICC	T081	C0392762
28415987	965	977	relationship	T080	C0439849
28415987	985	995	assessment	T058	C0220825
28415987	1014	1022	validity	T081	C2349101
28415987	1051	1062	reliability	T081	C2347947
28415987	1073	1086	hemidiaphragm	T023	C1269845
28415987	1087	1095	mobility	T070	C0026597
28415987	1109	1120	reliability	T081	C2347947
28415987	1125	1143	left hemidiaphragm	T023	C0929194
28415987	1157	1167	assessment	T058	C0220825
28415987	1183	1193	assessment	T058	C0220825
28415987	1210	1221	reliability	T081	C2347947
28415987	1230	1238	mobility	T070	C0026597
28415987	1247	1261	hemidiaphragms	T023	C1269845
28415987	1290	1301	reliability	T081	C2347947
28415987	1309	1317	mobility	T070	C0026597
28415987	1326	1340	hemidiaphragms	T023	C1269845
28415987	1365	1375	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28415987	1379	1392	diaphragmatic	T023	C0011980
28415987	1393	1399	motion	T070	C0026597
28415987	1406	1417	fluoroscopy	T060	C0016356
28415987	1421	1440	digital radiography	T060	C0012249
28415987	1456	1461	valid	T080	C2349099
28415987	1466	1474	reliable	T080	C0205556
28415987	1475	1481	method	T062	C2911685
28415987	1485	1492	healthy	T080	C3898900
28415987	1493	1499	adults	T100	C0001675

28416098|t|Ideal cardiovascular health and inflammation in European adolescents: The HELENA study
28416098|a|Inflammation plays a key role in atherosclerosis and this process seems to appear in childhood. The ideal cardiovascular health index (ICHI) has been inversely related to atherosclerotic plaque in adults. However, evidence regarding inflammation and ICHI in adolescents is scarce. The aim is to assess the association between ICHI and inflammation in European adolescents. As many as 543 adolescents (251 boys and 292 girls) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study, a cross-sectional multi-center study including 9 European countries, were measured. C-reactive protein (CRP), complement factors C3 and C4, leptin and white blood cell counts were used to compute an inflammatory score. Multilevel linear models and multilevel logistic regression were used to assess the association between ICHI and inflammation controlling by covariates. Higher ICHI was associated with a lower inflammatory score, as well as with several individual components, both in boys and girls (p < 0.01). In addition, adolescents with at least 4 ideal components of the ICHI had significantly lower inflammatory score and lower levels of the study biomarkers, except CRP. Finally, the multilevel logistic regression showed that for every unit increase in the ICHI, the probability of having an inflammatory profile decreased by 28.1% in girls. Results from this study suggest that a better ICHI is associated with a lower inflammatory profile already in adolescence. Improving these health behaviors, and health factors included in the ICHI, could play an important role in CVD prevention.
28416098	0	27	Ideal cardiovascular health	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	32	44	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28416098	48	56	European	T098	C1535514
28416098	57	68	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28416098	74	86	HELENA study	T062	C0008972
28416098	87	99	Inflammation	T046	C0021368
28416098	120	135	atherosclerosis	T047	C0004153
28416098	172	181	childhood	T079	C0231335
28416098	187	220	ideal cardiovascular health index	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	222	226	ICHI	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	258	280	atherosclerotic plaque	T031	C2936350
28416098	284	290	adults	T100	C0001675
28416098	320	332	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28416098	337	341	ICHI	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	345	356	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28416098	413	417	ICHI	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	422	434	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28416098	438	446	European	T098	C1535514
28416098	447	458	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28416098	475	486	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28416098	492	496	boys	T100	C0870221
28416098	505	510	girls	T100	C0870604
28416098	521	591	Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study	T062	C0008972
28416098	611	629	multi-center study	T062	C1096776
28416098	642	660	European countries	T083	C0454713
28416098	677	695	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
28416098	697	700	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28416098	703	724	complement factors C3	T116,T129	C0009506
28416098	729	731	C4	T116,T129	C0009516
28416098	733	739	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28416098	744	767	white blood cell counts	T034	C0427512
28416098	792	804	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28416098	805	810	score	T081	C0449820
28416098	823	836	linear models	T081	C0023732
28416098	852	871	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28416098	916	920	ICHI	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	925	937	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28416098	972	976	ICHI	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	1005	1017	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28416098	1018	1023	score	T081	C0449820
28416098	1049	1070	individual components	T081	C0392762
28416098	1080	1084	boys	T100	C0870221
28416098	1089	1094	girls	T100	C0870604
28416098	1120	1131	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28416098	1154	1164	components	T081	C0392762
28416098	1172	1176	ICHI	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	1201	1213	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28416098	1214	1219	score	T081	C0449820
28416098	1244	1249	study	T062	C2603343
28416098	1250	1260	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28416098	1269	1272	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28416098	1298	1317	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28416098	1361	1365	ICHI	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	1396	1408	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28416098	1409	1416	profile	T059	C1979963
28416098	1439	1444	girls	T100	C0870604
28416098	1464	1469	study	T062	C2603343
28416098	1492	1496	ICHI	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	1524	1536	inflammatory	T046	C0021368
28416098	1537	1544	profile	T059	C1979963
28416098	1556	1567	adolescence	T079	C0001578
28416098	1585	1601	health behaviors	T055	C0018687
28416098	1607	1621	health factors	T033	C0810377
28416098	1638	1642	ICHI	T081,T170	C0018761
28416098	1676	1679	CVD	T047	C0007222
28416098	1680	1690	prevention	T061	C0199176

28416410|t|Progressive Occlusion and Recanalization after Endovascular Treatment for 287 Unruptured Small Aneurysms (<5mm): A Single-Center 6-Year Experience
28416410|a|We aimed to investigate the effect of coiling for small unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs)﹤5mm) on progressive occlusio n and recanalization, and the dubious factors related to progressive occlusion and recanalization among UIAs without complete occlusion. A total of 264 patients with 287 small UIAs were coiled in our institute between June 2009 and December 2014. All UIAs enrolled were divided into small (3-5mm) and very small (<3mm) group s, and UIAs without initial complete occlusion were divided into progressive, stable and recanalization groups. Baseline characteristics, procedure -related complications, angiographic follow-up results, and clinical outcomes were statistically analyzed. Among 287 aneurysms, 211 aneurysms (73.5%) were completely coiled, three (1.2%) intraoperative ruptures and 12 (4.2%) perioperative thromboembolic events occurred. Angiographic follow-up was available for 174 patients (65.9%), the incidence of recanalization was 5.7%. Among 56 aneurysms without complete occlusion, 43 (76.8%) had progressive occlusion and 6(10.7%) had recanalization. Anatomic results of initial and follow-up between small and very small groups were similar in both groups. On logistic regression analysis, smaller size (<3mm) without complete occlusion related to recanalization (OR, 8.0, 95% CI, 1.3-50.0, P=0.026). Our study suggested that coil embolization of small UIAs can achieve a high rate of progressive occlusion and low rate of recanalization during follow-up. Anatomic results of initial and follow-up between small (3-5mm) and very small (<3mm) groups were similar in both groups. What's more, smaller size (<3mm) without complete occlusion may relate to recanalization.
28416410	0	21	Progressive Occlusion	T169	C0441597
28416410	26	40	Recanalization	T061	C0034771
28416410	47	69	Endovascular Treatment	T061	C0087111
28416410	78	104	Unruptured Small Aneurysms	T047	C0002940
28416410	115	128	Single-Center	T093	C1274109
28416410	129	135	6-Year	T079	C0439234
28416410	136	146	Experience	T041	C0596545
28416410	175	181	effect	T080	C1280500
28416410	185	192	coiling	T082	C0444764
28416410	203	236	unruptured intracranial aneurysms	T047	C0007766
28416410	238	242	UIAs	T047	C0007766
28416410	252	272	progressive occlusio	T169	C0441597
28416410	279	293	recanalization	T061	C0034771
28416410	330	351	progressive occlusion	T169	C0441597
28416410	356	370	recanalization	T061	C0034771
28416410	377	381	UIAs	T047	C0007766
28416410	399	408	occlusion	T169	C0441597
28416410	425	433	patients	T101	C0030705
28416410	449	453	UIAs	T047	C0007766
28416410	473	482	institute	T092	C0021622
28416410	524	528	UIAs	T047	C0007766
28416410	592	597	group	T078	C0441833
28416410	605	609	UIAs	T047	C0007766
28416410	635	644	occlusion	T169	C0441597
28416410	663	674	progressive	T169	C0205329
28416410	676	682	stable	T080	C0205360
28416410	687	701	recanalization	T061	C0034771
28416410	702	708	groups	T078	C0441833
28416410	710	718	Baseline	T081	C1442488
28416410	719	734	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28416410	736	745	procedure	T061	C0087111
28416410	755	768	complications	T046	C0009566
28416410	770	782	angiographic	T060	C0002978
28416410	783	800	follow-up results	T058	C1522577
28416410	806	823	clinical outcomes	T080	C0085415
28416410	829	851	statistically analyzed	T062	C0871424
28416410	863	872	aneurysms	T047	C0002940
28416410	878	887	aneurysms	T047	C0002940
28416410	933	947	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28416410	948	956	ruptures	T037	C3203359
28416410	971	984	perioperative	T079	C1518988
28416410	985	1006	thromboembolic events	T046	C0040038
28416410	1017	1029	Angiographic	T060	C0002978
28416410	1030	1039	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28416410	1062	1070	patients	T101	C0030705
28416410	1084	1093	incidence	T081	C0021149
28416410	1097	1111	recanalization	T061	C0034771
28416410	1131	1140	aneurysms	T047	C0002940
28416410	1158	1167	occlusion	T169	C0441597
28416410	1184	1205	progressive occlusion	T169	C0441597
28416410	1223	1237	recanalization	T061	C0034771
28416410	1239	1255	Anatomic results	T033	C0243095
28416410	1271	1280	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28416410	1310	1316	groups	T078	C0441833
28416410	1338	1344	groups	T078	C0441833
28416410	1349	1377	logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28416410	1387	1391	size	T082	C0456389
28416410	1416	1425	occlusion	T169	C0441597
28416410	1437	1451	recanalization	T061	C0034771
28416410	1494	1499	study	T062	C2603343
28416410	1515	1532	coil embolization	T061	C0013931
28416410	1542	1546	UIAs	T047	C0007766
28416410	1574	1595	progressive occlusion	T169	C0441597
28416410	1612	1626	recanalization	T061	C0034771
28416410	1634	1643	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28416410	1645	1661	Anatomic results	T033	C0243095
28416410	1677	1686	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28416410	1731	1737	groups	T078	C0441833
28416410	1759	1765	groups	T078	C0441833
28416410	1817	1826	occlusion	T169	C0441597
28416410	1841	1855	recanalization	T061	C0034771

28416439|t|Clinical and radiographic outcomes of bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis with stenosis
28416439|a|Laminectomy with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) has been shown to achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes, but it leads to potential adverse consequences associated with extensive disruption of posterior bony and soft tissue structures. This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of bilateral decompression via a unilateral approach (BDUA) with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and laminectomy with PLIF in the treatment of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) with stenosis. This is a prospective cohort study. This study compared 43 patients undergoing BDUA + TLIF and 40 patients undergoing laminectomy + PLIF. Visual analog scale (VAS) for low back pain and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) score. The clinical outcomes were assessed, and intraoperative data and complications were collected. Radiographic outcomes included slippage of the vertebra, disc space height, segmental lordosis, and final fusion rate. This study was supported by a grant from The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81572168). There were significant improvements in clinical and radiographic outcomes from before surgery to 3 months and 2 years after surgery within each group. Analysis of leg pain VAS and ZCQ scores showed no significant differences in improvement between groups at either follow-up. The mean improvements in low back pain VAS and ODI scores were significantly greater in the BDUA + TLIF group than in the laminectomy + PLIF group. No significant difference was found in the final fusion rate at 2-year follow-up. The BDUA + TLIF group had significantly less blood loss, shorter length of postoperative hospital stay, and lower complication rate compared with the laminectomy + PLIF group. When compared with the conventional laminectomy + PLIF procedure, the BDUA + TLIF procedure achieves similar and satisfactory effects of decompression and fusion for DLS with stenosis. The BDUA + TLIF procedure appears to be associated with less postoperative low back discomfort and quicker recovery.
28416439	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28416439	13	25	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28416439	26	34	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28416439	38	47	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28416439	48	61	decompression	T061	C1829459
28416439	68	78	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28416439	79	87	approach	T082	C0449445
28416439	93	131	transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion	T061	C1997079
28416439	136	148	degenerative	T046	C0011164
28416439	149	173	lumbar spondylolisthesis	T020	C0746025
28416439	179	187	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28416439	188	199	Laminectomy	T061	C0022983
28416439	205	238	posterior lumbar interbody fusion	T061	C1998389
28416439	240	244	PLIF	T061	C1998389
28416439	272	284	satisfactory	T080	C0205410
28416439	285	293	clinical	T080	C0205210
28416439	294	302	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28416439	320	329	potential	T080	C3245505
28416439	330	350	adverse consequences	T046	C0879626
28416439	377	387	disruption	T169	C0332453
28416439	391	400	posterior	T082	C0205095
28416439	401	405	bony	T169	C0443157
28416439	410	421	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28416439	422	432	structures	T082	C0678594
28416439	466	474	clinical	T080	C0205210
28416439	479	491	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28416439	492	500	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28416439	504	513	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28416439	514	527	decompression	T061	C1829459
28416439	534	544	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28416439	545	553	approach	T082	C0449445
28416439	555	559	BDUA	T061	C1829459
28416439	566	604	transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion	T061	C1997079
28416439	606	610	TLIF	T061	C1997079
28416439	616	627	laminectomy	T061	C0022983
28416439	633	637	PLIF	T061	C1998389
28416439	645	654	treatment	T061	C0087111
28416439	658	670	degenerative	T046	C0011164
28416439	671	695	lumbar spondylolisthesis	T020	C0746025
28416439	697	700	DLS	T020	C0746025
28416439	707	715	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28416439	727	751	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
28416439	776	784	patients	T101	C0030705
28416439	796	800	BDUA	T061	C1829459
28416439	803	807	TLIF	T061	C1997079
28416439	815	823	patients	T101	C0030705
28416439	835	846	laminectomy	T061	C0022983
28416439	849	853	PLIF	T061	C1998389
28416439	855	874	Visual analog scale	T060	C0042815
28416439	876	879	VAS	T060	C0042815
28416439	885	898	low back pain	T184	C0024031
28416439	903	906	leg	T023	C1140621
28416439	907	911	pain	T184	C0030193
28416439	913	938	Oswestry Disability Index	T170	C0451360
28416439	940	943	ODI	T170	C0451360
28416439	950	995	Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (ZCQ) score	T033	C0243095
28416439	1001	1009	clinical	T080	C0205210
28416439	1010	1018	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28416439	1024	1032	assessed	T052	C1516048
28416439	1038	1052	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28416439	1053	1057	data	T078	C1511726
28416439	1062	1075	complications	T046	C0021890
28416439	1092	1104	Radiographic	T070	C0444708
28416439	1105	1113	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28416439	1123	1147	slippage of the vertebra	T047	C1403199
28416439	1149	1159	disc space	T030	C0223088
28416439	1160	1166	height	T184	C0037088
28416439	1168	1177	segmental	T082	C0205122
28416439	1178	1186	lordosis	T047	C0024003
28416439	1192	1209	final fusion rate	T081	C1521828
28416439	1256	1300	National Natural Science Foundation of China	T073,T092	C0683939
28416439	1324	1335	significant	T078	C0750502
28416439	1336	1348	improvements	T077	C2986411
28416439	1352	1360	clinical	T080	C0205210
28416439	1365	1377	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28416439	1378	1386	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28416439	1399	1406	surgery	T061	C0543467
28416439	1437	1444	surgery	T061	C0543467
28416439	1457	1462	group	T078	C0441833
28416439	1464	1472	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28416439	1476	1479	leg	T023	C1140621
28416439	1480	1484	pain	T184	C0030193
28416439	1485	1488	VAS	T201	C2960751
28416439	1493	1503	ZCQ scores	T033	C0243095
28416439	1511	1537	no significant differences	T033	C3842396
28416439	1541	1552	improvement	T077	C2986411
28416439	1561	1567	groups	T078	C0441833
28416439	1578	1587	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28416439	1598	1610	improvements	T077	C2986411
28416439	1614	1627	low back pain	T184	C0024031
28416439	1628	1631	VAS	T060	C0042815
28416439	1636	1646	ODI scores	T033	C2960603
28416439	1652	1673	significantly greater	T081	C4055637
28416439	1681	1685	BDUA	T061	C1829459
28416439	1688	1692	TLIF	T061	C1997079
28416439	1693	1698	group	T078	C0441833
28416439	1711	1722	laminectomy	T061	C0022983
28416439	1725	1729	PLIF	T061	C1998389
28416439	1730	1735	group	T078	C0441833
28416439	1737	1762	No significant difference	T033	C3842396
28416439	1780	1797	final fusion rate	T081	C1521828
28416439	1808	1817	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28416439	1823	1827	BDUA	T061	C1829459
28416439	1830	1834	TLIF	T061	C1997079
28416439	1835	1840	group	T078	C0441833
28416439	1845	1863	significantly less	T081	C4055638
28416439	1864	1874	blood loss	T033	C3163616
28416439	1894	1907	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28416439	1908	1921	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28416439	1927	1932	lower	T052	C2003888
28416439	1933	1945	complication	T046	C0009566
28416439	1946	1950	rate	T081	C1521828
28416439	1969	1980	laminectomy	T061	C0022983
28416439	1983	1987	PLIF	T061	C1998389
28416439	1988	1993	group	T078	C0441833
28416439	2018	2030	conventional	T080	C0439858
28416439	2031	2042	laminectomy	T061	C0022983
28416439	2045	2049	PLIF	T061	C1998389
28416439	2065	2069	BDUA	T061	C1829459
28416439	2072	2076	TLIF	T061	C1997079
28416439	2108	2120	satisfactory	T080	C0205410
28416439	2121	2131	effects of	T080	C1704420
28416439	2132	2145	decompression	T061	C1829459
28416439	2150	2156	fusion	T061	C0037935
28416439	2161	2164	DLS	T020	C0746025
28416439	2170	2178	stenosis	T046	C1261287
28416439	2184	2188	BDUA	T061	C1829459
28416439	2191	2195	TLIF	T061	C1997079
28416439	2241	2254	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28416439	2255	2258	low	T080	C0205251
28416439	2259	2274	back discomfort	T184	C0235706
28416439	2287	2295	recovery	T040	C2004454

28416598|t|EBV MicroRNA BART16 Suppresses Type I IFN Signaling
28416598|a|Type I IFNs play critical roles in orchestrating the antiviral defense by inducing direct antiviral activities and shaping the adaptive immune response. Viruses have evolved numerous strategies to specifically interfere with IFN production or its downstream mediators, thereby allowing successful infection of the host to occur. The prototypic human gammaherpesvirus EBV, which is associated with infectious mononucleosis and malignant tumors, harbors many immune-evasion proteins that manipulate the adaptive and innate immune systems. In addition to proteins, the virus encodes >40 mature microRNAs for which the functions remain largely unknown. In this article, we identify EBV - encoded miR-BART16 as a novel viral immune-evasion factor that interferes with the type I IFN signaling pathway. miR-BART16 directly targets CREB-binding protein, a key transcriptional coactivator in IFN signaling, thereby inducing CREB-binding protein downregulation in EBV-transformed B cells and gastric carcinoma cells. miR-BART16 abrogates the production of IFN - stimulated genes in response to IFN-α stimulation and it inhibits the antiproliferative effect of IFN-α on latently infected BL cells. By obstructing the type I IFN - induced antiviral response, miR-BART16 provides a means to facilitate the establishment of latent EBV infection and enhance viral replication.
28416598	0	3	EBV	T005	C0014644
28416598	4	19	MicroRNA BART16	T114,T123	C1101610
28416598	20	30	Suppresses	T169	C1260953
28416598	31	51	Type I IFN Signaling	T043	C2610474
28416598	52	63	Type I IFNs	T116,T121,T129	C0021743
28416598	87	100	orchestrating	T169	C1300196
28416598	105	122	antiviral defense	T040	C1155328
28416598	126	134	inducing	T169	C0205263
28416598	142	162	antiviral activities	T040	C1155328
28416598	167	174	shaping	T082	C0332479
28416598	179	203	adaptive immune response	T040	C1749719
28416598	205	212	Viruses	T005	C0042776
28416598	262	276	interfere with	T169	C0521102
28416598	277	291	IFN production	T040	C1819430
28416598	299	319	downstream mediators	T129	C0021054
28416598	349	358	infection	T046	C3714514
28416598	366	370	host	T001	C1167395
28416598	374	379	occur	T052	C1709305
28416598	396	418	human gammaherpesvirus	UnknownType	C0682456
28416598	419	422	EBV	T005	C0014644
28416598	433	448	associated with	T080	C0332281
28416598	449	473	infectious mononucleosis	T047	C0021345
28416598	478	494	malignant tumors	T191	C0006826
28416598	496	503	harbors	T078	C3154893
28416598	509	523	immune-evasion	T040	C1654934
28416598	524	532	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28416598	553	561	adaptive	T039	C0678209
28416598	566	572	innate	T032	C0020969
28416598	573	587	immune systems	T022	C0020962
28416598	604	612	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28416598	618	623	virus	T005	C0042776
28416598	643	652	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28416598	667	676	functions	T169	C0542341
28416598	721	729	identify	T080	C0205396
28416598	730	733	EBV	T005	C0014644
28416598	736	743	encoded	T052	C2700640
28416598	744	754	miR-BART16	T114,T123	C1101610
28416598	766	771	viral	T169	C0521026
28416598	772	786	immune-evasion	T040	C1654934
28416598	787	793	factor	T169	C1521761
28416598	799	809	interferes	T169	C0521102
28416598	819	847	type I IFN signaling pathway	T043	C2610474
28416598	849	859	miR-BART16	T114,T123	C1101610
28416598	877	897	CREB-binding protein	T116	C0256079
28416598	905	932	transcriptional coactivator	T116,T123	C1336776
28416598	936	949	IFN signaling	T039	C1512827
28416598	959	967	inducing	T169	C0205263
28416598	968	988	CREB-binding protein	T116	C0256079
28416598	989	1003	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28416598	1007	1030	EBV-transformed B cells	T025	C2699839
28416598	1035	1058	gastric carcinoma cells	T191	C1333789
28416598	1060	1070	miR-BART16	T114,T123	C1101610
28416598	1085	1095	production	T169	C0005572
28416598	1099	1102	IFN	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
28416598	1105	1115	stimulated	T044	C0038337
28416598	1116	1121	genes	T028	C0017337
28416598	1125	1133	response	T032	C0871261
28416598	1137	1142	IFN-α	T116,T121,T129	C0002199
28416598	1143	1154	stimulation	T044	C0038337
28416598	1162	1170	inhibits	T080	C0311403
28416598	1175	1192	antiproliferative	T109,T121	C0003392
28416598	1193	1199	effect	T080	C1280500
28416598	1203	1208	IFN-α	T116,T121,T129	C0002199
28416598	1212	1220	latently	T080	C0205275
28416598	1221	1229	infected	T033	C0439663
28416598	1230	1238	BL cells	T025	C0004561
28416598	1259	1269	type I IFN	T116,T121,T129	C0021743
28416598	1272	1279	induced	T169	C0205263
28416598	1280	1298	antiviral response	T040	C1155328
28416598	1300	1310	miR-BART16	T114,T123	C1101610
28416598	1363	1369	latent	T080	C0205275
28416598	1370	1373	EBV	T005	C0014644
28416598	1374	1383	infection	T046	C3714514
28416598	1388	1395	enhance	T052	C2349975
28416598	1396	1413	viral replication	T043	C0042774

28416855|t|Production and characterization of functional properties of protein hydrolysates from egg shell membranes by lactic acid bacteria fermentation
28416855|a|This study aimed to ferment the chicken eggshell membrane (ESM) using the lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum for preparation of functional and bioactive protein hydrolysates. Cultivation at an initial pH of 8.0 for 36 h resulted in maximum protein concentration (177.3 mg/g) and degree of hydrolysis (25.1%) of the hydrolysates. Fermentation resulted in the production of hydrolysates that demonstrated excellent solubility (90.7%), good foaming capacity (36.7%) and emulsification activity (94.6 m(2)/g). Additionally, these protein hydrolysates exhibited remarkable bioactive properties for instance reducing power (2.53), protection from DPPH radical (70.5%) and angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition (49.3%). The fermented protein hydrolysates were also found effective against various foodborne pathogens. The protein hydrolysates obtained by fermentation of ESM can be potentially incorporated in functional foods and nutraceuticals resulting in valorization of the ESM waste.
28416855	15	31	characterization	T052	C1880022
28416855	35	45	functional	T169	C0205245
28416855	46	56	properties	T080	C0871161
28416855	60	80	protein hydrolysates	T116,T121	C0033631
28416855	86	105	egg shell membranes	T109,T121	C3651790
28416855	109	129	lactic acid bacteria	T007	C0678170
28416855	130	142	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28416855	163	170	ferment	T044	C0015852
28416855	175	182	chicken	T012	C0008051
28416855	183	200	eggshell membrane	T109,T121	C3651790
28416855	202	205	ESM	T109,T121	C3651790
28416855	217	237	lactic acid bacteria	T007	C0678170
28416855	239	262	Lactobacillus plantarum	T007	C0317608
28416855	282	292	functional	T169	C0205245
28416855	307	327	protein hydrolysates	T116,T121	C0033631
28416855	355	357	pH	T081	C0020283
28416855	394	401	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28416855	402	415	concentration	T081	C1446561
28416855	433	453	degree of hydrolysis	T081	C0392762
28416855	469	481	hydrolysates	T116,T121	C0033631
28416855	483	495	Fermentation	T044	C0015852
28416855	526	538	hydrolysates	T116,T121	C0033631
28416855	567	577	solubility	T080	C0037628
28416855	587	608	good foaming capacity	T120	C0599512
28416855	621	644	emulsification activity	T061	C1292839
28416855	680	700	protein hydrolysates	T116,T121	C0033631
28416855	722	742	bioactive properties	T033	C0243095
28416855	756	770	reducing power	T081	C0392762
28416855	795	799	DPPH	T109	C2936710
28416855	800	807	radical	T104	C0302912
28416855	820	851	angiotensin I converting enzyme	T116,T126,T129	C0022709
28416855	852	862	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28416855	876	885	fermented	T044	C0015852
28416855	886	906	protein hydrolysates	T116,T121	C0033631
28416855	949	958	foodborne	T169	C3242390
28416855	959	968	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28416855	974	994	protein hydrolysates	T116,T121	C0033631
28416855	1007	1019	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28416855	1023	1026	ESM	T109,T121	C3651790
28416855	1062	1078	functional foods	T168	C2717755
28416855	1083	1097	nutraceuticals	T168	C1518478
28416855	1131	1134	ESM	T109,T121	C3651790

28416969|t|Repeatability and agreement of ultrasonography with computed tomography for evaluating forefoot structure in the coronal plane
28416969|a|Forefoot structure is important to understand some foot problems such as hallux valgus and metatarsalgia. Ultrasonography (US) is a highly portable, noninvasive, low cost, and fast imaging method, especially when compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and radiography. As the use of US for evaluating forefoot bony structure has not been validated, except for the presence of synovitis, erosions and bursitis within the forefoot in people with inflammatory arthritis, the purpose of this study was to determine whether US is a reliable method for evaluating forefoot structure. Sixty feet (30 women, age = 40.1 ± 11.8 years) were examined by US and CT to assess agreement with CT and repeatability of US evaluation of the 2nd metatarsal head height, length between the medial sesamoid bone and 5th metatarsal head, transverse arch height, transverse arch index, sesamoid rotation angle, and area under the transverse arch. The measurement data were evaluated for agreement with CT using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)3, 1, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plot, and with ICC1, 1 for repeatability. The ICC3, 1 values of 0.78-0.89, Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.78-0.90, and Bland-Altman plots showed almost perfect agreements between the US and CT method for all parameters, except the area under the transverse arch (AUTA). The ICC1, 1 also showed perfect agreements (0.84-0.92) between two sets of US measurements in all parameters. The US evaluation of forefoot structure in the coronal plane showed good agreement with CT and repeatability of two ultrasonograms in adult women. This reliable evaluation method of forefoot structure can contribute to a quick clinical assessment screening for risk factors of foot problems such as hallux valgus and metatarsalgia. However, because of some limitations such as a lack of inter-observer reliability, more research is needed to validate US evaluation of forefoot structure. The current study (trial registration number: R0297) was approved by the Ethical Committee for Human Experiments of Kyoto University (http://www.ec.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp) on December 3, 2015. The first participant in this study was enrolled on November 17, 2015 and retrospectively registered.
28416969	0	13	Repeatability	T080	C1514863
28416969	18	27	agreement	T170	C4255373
28416969	31	46	ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
28416969	52	71	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28416969	76	86	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28416969	87	105	forefoot structure	T023	C1510667
28416969	113	126	coronal plane	T082	C0205123
28416969	127	145	Forefoot structure	T023	C1510667
28416969	178	191	foot problems	T033	C0555980
28416969	200	213	hallux valgus	T190	C0018536
28416969	218	231	metatarsalgia	T184	C0025587
28416969	233	248	Ultrasonography	T060	C0041618
28416969	250	252	US	T060	C0041618
28416969	266	274	portable	T082	C4299032
28416969	276	287	noninvasive	T185	C2986496
28416969	293	297	cost	T081	C0010186
28416969	308	322	imaging method	T169	C1275506
28416969	352	378	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28416969	380	383	MRI	T060	C0024485
28416969	386	405	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28416969	407	409	CT	T060	C0040405
28416969	416	427	radiography	T060	C0043299
28416969	443	445	US	T060	C0041618
28416969	450	460	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28416969	461	484	forefoot bony structure	T023	C3714617
28416969	536	545	synovitis	T047	C0039103
28416969	547	555	erosions	T046	C1959609
28416969	560	568	bursitis	T047	C0006444
28416969	580	588	forefoot	T023	C1510667
28416969	592	598	people	T098	C0027361
28416969	604	626	inflammatory arthritis	T047	C0003864
28416969	648	653	study	T062	C0008972
28416969	679	681	US	T060	C0041618
28416969	696	702	method	T170	C0025663
28416969	707	717	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28416969	718	736	forefoot structure	T023	C1510667
28416969	744	748	feet	T023	C0016504
28416969	753	758	women	T098	C0043210
28416969	790	798	examined	T033	C0332128
28416969	802	804	US	T060	C0041618
28416969	809	811	CT	T060	C0040405
28416969	822	831	agreement	T170	C4255373
28416969	837	839	CT	T060	C0040405
28416969	844	857	repeatability	T080	C1514863
28416969	861	863	US	T060	C0041618
28416969	864	874	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28416969	882	901	2nd metatarsal head	T023	C0223987
28416969	902	908	height	T032	C1317145
28416969	910	916	length	T032	C1317146
28416969	929	949	medial sesamoid bone	T023	C0036846
28416969	954	973	5th metatarsal head	T023	C0224013
28416969	975	990	transverse arch	T029	C0230471
28416969	991	997	height	T032	C1317145
28416969	999	1014	transverse arch	T029	C0230471
28416969	1022	1030	sesamoid	T023	C0036846
28416969	1031	1045	rotation angle	T201	C1562710
28416969	1051	1081	area under the transverse arch	T029	C0230471
28416969	1087	1098	measurement	T169	C0242485
28416969	1109	1118	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28416969	1123	1132	agreement	T170	C4255373
28416969	1138	1140	CT	T060	C0040405
28416969	1151	1197	intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)3, 1,	T081	C0392762
28416969	1198	1229	Pearson correlation coefficient	T081	C0871052
28416969	1235	1252	Bland-Altman plot	T170	C0282574
28416969	1263	1267	ICC1	T081	C0392762
28416969	1275	1288	repeatability	T080	C1514863
28416969	1294	1298	ICC3	T081	C0392762
28416969	1323	1354	Pearson correlation coefficient	T081	C0871052
28416969	1373	1391	Bland-Altman plots	T170	C0282574
28416969	1414	1424	agreements	T170	C4255373
28416969	1437	1439	US	T060	C0041618
28416969	1444	1446	CT	T060	C0040405
28416969	1447	1453	method	T170	C0025663
28416969	1462	1472	parameters	T077	C0549193
28416969	1485	1522	area under the transverse arch (AUTA)	T029	C0230471
28416969	1528	1532	ICC1	T081	C0392762
28416969	1556	1566	agreements	T170	C4255373
28416969	1599	1601	US	T060	C0041618
28416969	1602	1614	measurements	T169	C0242485
28416969	1622	1632	parameters	T077	C0549193
28416969	1638	1640	US	T060	C0041618
28416969	1641	1651	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28416969	1655	1673	forefoot structure	T023	C1510667
28416969	1681	1694	coronal plane	T082	C0205123
28416969	1707	1716	agreement	T170	C4255373
28416969	1722	1724	CT	T060	C0040405
28416969	1729	1742	repeatability	T080	C1514863
28416969	1750	1764	ultrasonograms	T073	C3887754
28416969	1774	1779	women	T098	C0043210
28416969	1795	1812	evaluation method	T062	C2911685
28416969	1816	1834	forefoot structure	T023	C1510667
28416969	1855	1890	quick clinical assessment screening	T058	C0220908
28416969	1895	1907	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28416969	1911	1924	foot problems	T033	C0555980
28416969	1933	1946	hallux valgus	T190	C0018536
28416969	1951	1964	metatarsalgia	T184	C0025587
28416969	2021	2035	inter-observer	T096	C0870992
28416969	2036	2047	reliability	T081	C2347947
28416969	2054	2062	research	T062	C0035168
28416969	2085	2087	US	T060	C0041618
28416969	2088	2098	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28416969	2102	2120	forefoot structure	T023	C1510667
28416969	2134	2139	study	T062	C0008972
28416969	2141	2173	trial registration number: R0297	T170	C0282574
28416969	2195	2254	Ethical Committee for Human Experiments of Kyoto University	T073,T093	C0020028
28416969	2320	2331	participant	T098	C0679646
28416969	2340	2345	study	T062	C0008972
28416969	2384	2399	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28416969	2400	2410	registered	T058	C1514821

28417422|t|Selection of an Artificial Diet for Laboratory Rearing of Opogona sacchari (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) (Bojer, 1856)
28417422|a|The banana moth Opogona sacchari (Bojer) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) is a polyphagous pest that can cause serious damage, in particular to banana crops in southern Brazil. The insect is a quarantine pest in several countries, including Argentina, the main consumer market for bananas from southern Brazil. Little information is available about the biology and ecology of this moth, such as a suitable diet for laboratory rearing. In order to provide support for integrated pest management of the pest, this study furnished data for selecting two diets suitable for continuous laboratory rearing of O. sacchari, one based on dried beans, wheat germ, soy bran, brewer's yeast, and casein and another diet with wheat germ and casein as protein sources. With both diets, the viability of the egg - adult period exceeded 68%, with fertility over 338 eggs per female. A corrected biotic potential analysis gave similar values for the two diets.
28417422	0	9	Selection	T052	C1707391
28417422	16	26	Artificial	T080	C2004457
28417422	27	31	Diet	T168	C0012155
28417422	36	46	Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28417422	47	54	Rearing	T059	C1441721
28417422	58	74	Opogona sacchari	T204	C3002762
28417422	76	87	Lepidoptera	T204	C0023338
28417422	89	97	Tineidae	T204	C1009208
28417422	117	145	banana moth Opogona sacchari	T204	C3002762
28417422	147	152	Bojer	T204	C3002762
28417422	155	166	Lepidoptera	T204	C0023338
28417422	168	176	Tineidae	T204	C1009208
28417422	183	199	polyphagous pest	T204	C0684063
28417422	215	222	serious	T080	C0205404
28417422	223	229	damage	T169	C1883709
28417422	248	254	banana	T168	C0004722
28417422	255	260	crops	T002	C0242775
28417422	264	272	southern	T082	C1710133
28417422	273	279	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28417422	285	291	insect	T204	C0021585
28417422	308	312	pest	T204	C0684063
28417422	324	333	countries	T083	C0454664
28417422	345	354	Argentina	T083	C0003761
28417422	365	373	consumer	T098	C1707496
28417422	374	380	market	T083	C1318228
28417422	385	392	bananas	T168	C0004722
28417422	398	406	southern	T082	C1710133
28417422	407	413	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28417422	422	433	information	T078	C1533716
28417422	457	464	biology	T091	C0005532
28417422	469	476	ecology	T090	C0013546
28417422	485	489	moth	T204	C0026593
28417422	510	514	diet	T168	C0012155
28417422	519	529	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28417422	530	537	rearing	T059	C1441721
28417422	582	597	pest management	T057	C0031249
28417422	605	609	pest	T204	C0684063
28417422	616	621	study	T062	C2603343
28417422	632	636	data	T078	C1511726
28417422	655	660	diets	T168	C0012155
28417422	685	695	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28417422	696	703	rearing	T059	C1441721
28417422	707	718	O. sacchari	T204	C3002762
28417422	733	738	dried	T080	C1512080
28417422	739	744	beans	T168	C0004896
28417422	746	756	wheat germ	T168	C0016452
28417422	758	766	soy bran	T168	C0016452
28417422	768	782	brewer's yeast	T004	C0036025
28417422	788	794	casein	T116,T121	C0007332
28417422	807	811	diet	T168	C0012155
28417422	817	827	wheat germ	T168	C0016452
28417422	832	838	casein	T116,T121	C0007332
28417422	842	849	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28417422	850	857	sources	T033	C0449416
28417422	869	874	diets	T168	C0012155
28417422	880	889	viability	T080	C0443348
28417422	897	900	egg	T025	C0029974
28417422	903	908	adult	T100	C0001675
28417422	909	915	period	T079	C1948053
28417422	935	944	fertility	T040	C0015895
28417422	954	958	eggs	T025	C0029974
28417422	963	969	female	T098	C0043210
28417422	983	989	biotic	T070	C1253910
28417422	990	999	potential	T080	C3245505
28417422	1000	1008	analysis	T062	C0936012
28417422	1022	1028	values	T080	C0042295
28417422	1041	1046	diets	T168	C0012155

28418171|t|Formation of oxysterols during thermal processing and frozen storage of cooked minced meat
28418171|a|Cholesterol is susceptible to oxidation and formation of oxysterols, which could have a negative health effect. The formation and distribution of oxysterols was studied in meatloaves prepared under different baking regimes with increased temperature or prolonged time. The effect of frozen storage and marjoram addition on the level of oxysterols was studied as well. The effect of baking regime on the content and distribution of oxysterols was found. The temperature was the most important factor affecting 7-ketocholesterol formation in baked meatloaf. Its content was significantly higher after the baking at 250 °C than at 180 °C. The content of 7-ketocholesterol increased from the centre (87 µg kg(-1)) to the surface (122 µg kg(-1)) of baked meatloaf prepared under the standard conditions. The level of α-tocopherol and its distribution was also affected by the baking regime. Higher level of 7-ketocholesterol was found in the baked meatloaves after their frozen storage. The addition of marjoram did not change its level. Inadequate culinary conditions used for preparation of baked meat can contribute to increased oxysterol intake in the diet. Frozen storage did not stop oxysterols formation. The inhibition effect of marjoram on sterols oxidation was not proved.
28418171	0	9	Formation	T169	C1522492
28418171	13	23	oxysterols	T109,T123	C4277571
28418171	31	49	thermal processing	T056	C0335326
28418171	54	60	frozen	T070	C0016701
28418171	61	68	storage	T169	C1698986
28418171	72	78	cooked	T056	C0335326
28418171	79	85	minced	T168	C0453846
28418171	86	90	meat	T168	C0025017
28418171	91	102	Cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28418171	106	117	susceptible	T169	C0231204
28418171	121	130	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28418171	135	144	formation	T169	C1522492
28418171	148	158	oxysterols	T109,T123	C4277571
28418171	179	187	negative	T033	C0205160
28418171	188	194	health	T078	C0018684
28418171	195	201	effect	T080	C1280500
28418171	207	216	formation	T169	C1522492
28418171	221	233	distribution	T169	C1704711
28418171	237	247	oxysterols	T109,T123	C4277571
28418171	252	259	studied	T062	C2603343
28418171	263	273	meatloaves	T168	C0016452
28418171	299	305	baking	T056	C2712449
28418171	306	313	regimes	T169	C2700391
28418171	329	340	temperature	T081	C0039476
28418171	354	358	time	T079	C0040223
28418171	364	370	effect	T080	C1280500
28418171	374	380	frozen	T070	C0016701
28418171	381	388	storage	T169	C1698986
28418171	393	401	marjoram	T168	C0453261
28418171	418	423	level	T080	C0441889
28418171	427	437	oxysterols	T109,T123	C4277571
28418171	442	449	studied	T062	C2603343
28418171	463	469	effect	T080	C1280500
28418171	473	479	baking	T056	C2712449
28418171	480	486	regime	T169	C2700391
28418171	506	518	distribution	T169	C1704711
28418171	522	532	oxysterols	T109,T123	C4277571
28418171	548	559	temperature	T081	C0039476
28418171	583	589	factor	T169	C1521761
28418171	600	617	7-ketocholesterol	T109	C0049920
28418171	618	627	formation	T169	C1522492
28418171	631	636	baked	T056	C2712449
28418171	637	645	meatloaf	T168	C0016452
28418171	663	683	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28418171	694	700	baking	T056	C2712449
28418171	742	759	7-ketocholesterol	T109	C0049920
28418171	835	840	baked	T056	C2712449
28418171	841	849	meatloaf	T168	C0016452
28418171	869	877	standard	T080	C1442989
28418171	878	888	conditions	T080	C0348080
28418171	894	899	level	T080	C0441889
28418171	903	915	α-tocopherol	T109,T121,T127	C0969677
28418171	924	936	distribution	T169	C1704711
28418171	946	954	affected	T169	C0392760
28418171	962	968	baking	T056	C2712449
28418171	969	975	regime	T169	C2700391
28418171	984	989	level	T080	C0441889
28418171	993	1010	7-ketocholesterol	T109	C0049920
28418171	1028	1033	baked	T056	C2712449
28418171	1034	1044	meatloaves	T168	C0016452
28418171	1057	1063	frozen	T070	C0016701
28418171	1064	1071	storage	T169	C1698986
28418171	1089	1097	marjoram	T168	C0453261
28418171	1117	1122	level	T080	C0441889
28418171	1135	1143	culinary	T056	C0335326
28418171	1144	1154	conditions	T080	C0348080
28418171	1179	1184	baked	T056	C2712449
28418171	1185	1189	meat	T168	C0025017
28418171	1218	1227	oxysterol	T109,T123	C4277571
28418171	1228	1234	intake	T169	C1512806
28418171	1242	1246	diet	T168	C0012155
28418171	1248	1254	Frozen	T070	C0016701
28418171	1255	1262	storage	T169	C1698986
28418171	1276	1286	oxysterols	T109,T123	C4277571
28418171	1287	1296	formation	T169	C1522492
28418171	1302	1312	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28418171	1313	1319	effect	T080	C1280500
28418171	1323	1331	marjoram	T168	C0453261
28418171	1343	1352	oxidation	T044	C0030011

28418900|t|Therapeutic inhibition of USP7 - PTEN network in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a strategy to overcome TP53 mutated / deleted clones
28418900|a|Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a lymphoproliferative disorder with either indolent or aggressive clinical course. Current treatment regiments have significantly improved the overall outcomes even if higher risk subgroups - those harboring TP53 mutations or deletions of the short arm of chromosome 17 (del17p) - remain highly challenging. In the present work, we identified USP7, a known de-ubiquitinase with multiple roles in cellular homeostasis, as a potential therapeutic target in CLL. We demonstrated that in primary CLL samples and in CLL cell lines USP7 is: i) over-expressed through a mechanism involving miR-338-3p and miR-181b deregulation; ii) functionally activated by Casein Kinase 2 (CK2), an upstream interactor known to be deregulated in CLL; iii) effectively targeted by the USP7 inhibitor P5091. Treatment of primary CLL samples and cell lines with P5091 induces cell growth arrest and apoptosis, through the restoration of PTEN nuclear pool, both in TP53 - wild type and - null environment. Importantly, PTEN acts as the main tumor suppressive mediator along the USP7 - PTEN axis in a p53 dispensable manner. In conclusion, we propose USP7 as a new druggable target in CLL.
28418900	0	11	Therapeutic	T169	C0039798
28418900	12	22	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28418900	26	30	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28418900	33	37	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
28418900	49	77	chronic lymphocytic leukemia	T191	C0023434
28418900	93	101	overcome	T052	C2983310
28418900	102	106	TP53	T028	C0079419
28418900	107	114	mutated	T045	C0596611
28418900	117	124	deleted	T045	C0017260
28418900	125	131	clones	T025	C0009013
28418900	132	160	Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia	T191	C0023434
28418900	162	165	CLL	T191	C0023434
28418900	172	200	lymphoproliferative disorder	T191	C0024314
28418900	213	221	indolent	T033	C1334168
28418900	225	251	aggressive clinical course	T033	C1332223
28418900	261	280	treatment regiments	T061	C0392920
28418900	300	308	improved	T033	C0184511
28418900	313	320	overall	T080	C1561607
28418900	321	329	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28418900	378	382	TP53	T028	C0079419
28418900	383	392	mutations	T045	C0596611
28418900	396	405	deletions	T045	C0017260
28418900	413	439	short arm of chromosome 17	T086	C0796349
28418900	441	447	del17p	T086	C0796349
28418900	502	512	identified	T080	C0205396
28418900	513	517	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28418900	527	542	de-ubiquitinase	T116,T126	C0294105
28418900	548	556	multiple	T081	C0439064
28418900	557	562	roles	T077	C1705810
28418900	566	586	cellular homeostasis	T043	C2244223
28418900	593	602	potential	T080	C3245505
28418900	603	614	therapeutic	T169	C0039798
28418900	625	628	CLL	T191	C0023434
28418900	654	661	primary	T080	C0205225
28418900	662	665	CLL	T191	C0023434
28418900	666	673	samples	T077	C2347026
28418900	681	684	CLL	T191	C0023434
28418900	685	695	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28418900	696	700	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28418900	708	722	over-expressed	T045	C1514559
28418900	733	742	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28418900	753	763	miR-338-3p	T114,T123	C1101610
28418900	768	776	miR-181b	T114,T123	C1101610
28418900	777	789	deregulation	T052	C1880287
28418900	808	817	activated	T052	C1879547
28418900	821	836	Casein Kinase 2	T116,T126	C0108555
28418900	838	841	CK2	T116,T126	C0108555
28418900	847	855	upstream	T082	C0522505
28418900	856	866	interactor	T116,T123	C0033684
28418900	879	890	deregulated	T052	C1880287
28418900	894	897	CLL	T191	C0023434
28418900	904	915	effectively	T080	C1704419
28418900	932	936	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28418900	937	946	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28418900	947	952	P5091	T109,T121	C3500983
28418900	954	963	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28418900	967	974	primary	T080	C0205225
28418900	975	978	CLL	T191	C0023434
28418900	979	986	samples	T077	C2347026
28418900	991	1001	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28418900	1007	1012	P5091	T109,T121	C3500983
28418900	1021	1039	cell growth arrest	T043	C1371476
28418900	1044	1053	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28418900	1082	1086	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
28418900	1109	1113	TP53	T028	C0079419
28418900	1116	1125	wild type	T028	C1883559
28418900	1132	1148	null environment	T082	C0014406
28418900	1163	1167	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
28418900	1185	1211	tumor suppressive mediator	T116,T123	C0597611
28418900	1222	1226	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28418900	1229	1233	PTEN	T116,T126	C1430988
28418900	1244	1247	p53	T116,T123	C0080055
28418900	1248	1259	dispensable	T169	C0332291
28418900	1294	1298	USP7	T116,T126	C1142946
28418900	1308	1324	druggable target	T104,T120	C1513403
28418900	1328	1331	CLL	T191	C0023434

28418943|t|Loss of control over alcohol seeking in rats depends on individual vulnerability and duration of alcohol consumption experience
28418943|a|Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is characterized by excessive alcohol use and persistent alcohol seeking despite knowledge of its negative consequences. Importantly, AUD typically develops after chronic excessive alcohol use in a subgroup of individuals who drink alcohol, suggesting that AUD results from an interaction between individual vulnerability and prolonged alcohol exposure. The present study assessed the contribution of prolonged exposure to alcohol and individual levels of alcohol intake to the development of loss of control over alcohol seeking in a conditioned suppression model. To investigate the impact of prolonged alcohol exposure, conditioned suppression of alcohol seeking was assessed after 2 and 4 months of intermittent alcohol access (IAA) in a subgroup of rats drinking moderate amounts of alcohol. We observed that suppression of alcohol seeking was reduced after 4 months compared with 2 months of IAA. The influence of individual levels of alcohol intake on loss of control over alcohol seeking was subsequently determined by assessing conditioned suppression in subgroups of low and high alcohol drinking rats. Unlike the low alcohol drinking rats, the high alcohol drinking rats showed aversion-resistant alcohol seeking after 2 months of IAA, although both groups showed comparable levels of conditioned freezing. These findings show that the development of loss of control over alcohol seeking, a key characteristic of AUD in humans, is dependent on both the extent of alcohol exposure and the individual's propensity to consume alcohol.
28418943	0	15	Loss of control	T080	C0243148
28418943	21	36	alcohol seeking	UnknownType	C0813934
28418943	40	44	rats	T015	C0086893
28418943	56	66	individual	T098	C0237401
28418943	67	80	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28418943	97	116	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28418943	128	148	Alcohol use disorder	T048	C0001956
28418943	150	153	AUD	T048	C0001956
28418943	175	196	excessive alcohol use	T033	C0560219
28418943	201	211	persistent	T079	C0205322
28418943	212	227	alcohol seeking	UnknownType	C0813934
28418943	289	292	AUD	T048	C0001956
28418943	318	325	chronic	T079	C0205191
28418943	326	347	excessive alcohol use	T033	C0560219
28418943	353	361	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28418943	365	376	individuals	T098	C0237401
28418943	381	394	drink alcohol	T033	C3842894
28418943	412	415	AUD	T048	C0001956
28418943	432	443	interaction	T169	C1704675
28418943	452	462	individual	T098	C0237401
28418943	463	476	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28418943	481	507	prolonged alcohol exposure	T051	C4038778
28418943	521	526	study	T062	C2603343
28418943	527	535	assessed	T052	C1516048
28418943	556	585	prolonged exposure to alcohol	T051	C4038778
28418943	590	625	individual levels of alcohol intake	T055	C0001948
28418943	633	644	development	T169	C1527148
28418943	648	663	loss of control	T080	C0243148
28418943	669	684	alcohol seeking	UnknownType	C0813934
28418943	690	719	conditioned suppression model	T170	C3161035
28418943	724	735	investigate	T169	C1292732
28418943	750	776	prolonged alcohol exposure	T051	C4038778
28418943	778	801	conditioned suppression	T169	C1260953
28418943	805	820	alcohol seeking	UnknownType	C0813934
28418943	825	833	assessed	T052	C1516048
28418943	858	885	intermittent alcohol access	T079	C1254367
28418943	887	890	IAA	T079	C1254367
28418943	897	905	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28418943	909	913	rats	T015	C0086893
28418943	969	980	suppression	T169	C1260953
28418943	984	999	alcohol seeking	UnknownType	C0813934
28418943	1053	1056	IAA	T079	C1254367
28418943	1062	1071	influence	T077	C4054723
28418943	1096	1110	alcohol intake	T055	C0001948
28418943	1114	1129	loss of control	T080	C0243148
28418943	1135	1150	alcohol seeking	UnknownType	C0813934
28418943	1168	1181	determined by	T080	C0521095
28418943	1182	1191	assessing	T052	C1516048
28418943	1192	1215	conditioned suppression	T169	C1260953
28418943	1219	1228	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28418943	1232	1261	low and high alcohol drinking	T080	C0205556
28418943	1262	1266	rats	T015	C0086893
28418943	1279	1299	low alcohol drinking	T080	C0205556
28418943	1300	1304	rats	T015	C0086893
28418943	1310	1331	high alcohol drinking	T080	C0205556
28418943	1332	1336	rats	T015	C0086893
28418943	1344	1362	aversion-resistant	T169	C0332325
28418943	1363	1378	alcohol seeking	UnknownType	C0813934
28418943	1397	1400	IAA	T079	C1254367
28418943	1416	1422	groups	T078	C0441833
28418943	1517	1532	loss of control	T080	C0243148
28418943	1538	1553	alcohol seeking	UnknownType	C0813934
28418943	1579	1582	AUD	T048	C0001956
28418943	1586	1592	humans	T016	C0086418
28418943	1629	1645	alcohol exposure	T051	C4038778
28418943	1654	1666	individual's	T098	C0237401

28419010|t|Extending Short Peripheral Catheter Dwell Time: A Best Practice Discussion
28419010|a|Complications involving short peripheral catheters (SPCs) can significantly affect health care costs, patient quality of life, morbidity, mortality, and treatment expense, especially when the hospital stay is lengthened. This article examines the relationship between SPC dwell time and the incidence of phlebitis and potential bacteremia. The literature is replete with most studies supporting SPCs remaining in situ until a clinical reason warrants catheter removal. Removing and not routinely restarting unneccessary intravenous catheters can help prevent catheter -related infections and other vascular complications and reduce cost.
28419010	10	35	Short Peripheral Catheter	T074	C0179768
28419010	36	46	Dwell Time	T033	C0429659
28419010	75	88	Complications	T046	C0009566
28419010	99	125	short peripheral catheters	T074	C0179768
28419010	127	131	SPCs	T074	C0179768
28419010	158	175	health care costs	T081	C0085552
28419010	177	184	patient	T101	C0030705
28419010	185	200	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28419010	202	211	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28419010	213	222	mortality	T081	C0205848
28419010	228	237	treatment	T061	C0087111
28419010	238	245	expense	T081	C0680864
28419010	267	280	hospital stay	T079	C3489408
28419010	284	294	lengthened	T169	C0392744
28419010	343	346	SPC	T074	C0179768
28419010	347	357	dwell time	T033	C0429659
28419010	379	388	phlebitis	T046	C0031542
28419010	403	413	bacteremia	T047	C0004610
28419010	419	429	literature	T170	C0023866
28419010	451	458	studies	T062	C2603343
28419010	470	474	SPCs	T074	C0179768
28419010	485	492	in situ	T082	C0444498
28419010	501	509	clinical	T080	C0205210
28419010	510	516	reason	T078	C0392360
28419010	526	534	catheter	T074	C0085590
28419010	595	616	intravenous catheters	T074	C0745442
28419010	634	642	catheter	T074	C0085590
28419010	652	662	infections	T046	C3714514
28419010	673	695	vascular complications	T047	C1393529
28419010	707	711	cost	T081	C0010186

28419641|t|Neural correlates of experimental trauma memory retrieval
28419641|a|Traumatic memories such as intrusions and flashbacks play a major role in the development and maintenance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A thorough understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying traumatic memories is indispensable for precise diagnosis, for personalized treatment and prevention. In particular, the identification of early neural predictor variables for intrusion development shortly after trauma exposure requires detailed investigation. Here, we examined the neural correlates of early experimental trauma memory retrieval in a traumatic film paradigm in 42 young healthy females, using both implicit and explicit retrieval tasks. We show that implicit experimental trauma retrieval specifically involved the retrosplenial cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), while both retrieval tasks resulted in trauma-related activity in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the precuneus. Importantly, neural activity early after experimental trauma exposure predicted later intrusion development, with independent contributions from activity in the retrosplenial cortex (implicit retrieval) and the PCC (explicit retrieval). Additional analyses revealed a stronger connectivity between the bilateral amygdala and the supplementary motor area, precentral and paracentral lobule for the control group compared to the experimental trauma group. Our study gives new insights in the neural correlates of experimental trauma memory retrieval and their predictive value for subsequent symptom development. Our results could provide the basis for personalized early treatment and prevention of PTSD. Hum Brain Mapp, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
28419641	0	6	Neural	T169	C3714606
28419641	7	17	correlates	T041	C0871178
28419641	21	33	experimental	T080	C1517586
28419641	34	40	trauma	T037	C3714660
28419641	41	57	memory retrieval	T041	C0679061
28419641	58	67	Traumatic	T169	C0332663
28419641	68	76	memories	T041	C0025260
28419641	85	95	intrusions	T185	C4049623
28419641	100	110	flashbacks	T033	C1821940
28419641	136	147	development	T169	C1527148
28419641	152	163	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28419641	167	197	post-traumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
28419641	199	203	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28419641	238	244	neural	T169	C3714606
28419641	245	255	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28419641	267	276	traumatic	T169	C0332663
28419641	277	285	memories	T041	C0025260
28419641	315	324	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28419641	330	342	personalized	T080	C1709510
28419641	343	352	treatment	T061	C0087111
28419641	357	367	prevention	T061	C0199176
28419641	388	402	identification	T080	C0205396
28419641	412	418	neural	T169	C3714606
28419641	419	438	predictor variables	T170	C0683956
28419641	443	452	intrusion	T185	C4049623
28419641	453	464	development	T169	C1527148
28419641	479	485	trauma	T037	C3714660
28419641	486	494	exposure	T080	C0332157
28419641	513	526	investigation	T058	C0220825
28419641	537	545	examined	T033	C0332128
28419641	550	567	neural correlates	T041	C0871178
28419641	577	589	experimental	T080	C1517586
28419641	590	596	trauma	T037	C3714660
28419641	597	613	memory retrieval	T041	C0679061
28419641	619	642	traumatic film paradigm	T062	C0681797
28419641	655	662	healthy	T080	C3898900
28419641	663	670	females	T032	C0086287
28419641	683	691	implicit	T033	C0561768
28419641	696	704	explicit	T041	C0561766
28419641	705	720	retrieval tasks	T041	C0679061
28419641	735	743	implicit	T033	C0561768
28419641	744	756	experimental	T080	C1517586
28419641	757	763	trauma	T037	C3714660
28419641	764	773	retrieval	T041	C0679061
28419641	800	820	retrosplenial cortex	T023	C4085586
28419641	829	854	anterior cingulate cortex	T023	C0175190
28419641	856	859	ACC	T023	C0175190
28419641	873	888	retrieval tasks	T041	C0679061
28419641	901	915	trauma-related	T033	C1144879
28419641	916	924	activity	T052	C0441655
28419641	932	958	posterior cingulate cortex	T023	C0175191
28419641	960	963	PCC	T023	C0175191
28419641	973	982	precuneus	T023	C1281018
28419641	997	1003	neural	T169	C3714606
28419641	1004	1012	activity	T052	C0441655
28419641	1025	1037	experimental	T080	C1517586
28419641	1038	1044	trauma	T037	C3714660
28419641	1045	1053	exposure	T080	C0332157
28419641	1054	1063	predicted	T078	C0681842
28419641	1070	1079	intrusion	T185	C4049623
28419641	1080	1091	development	T169	C1527148
28419641	1098	1109	independent	T078	C0085862
28419641	1110	1123	contributions	T052	C1880177
28419641	1129	1137	activity	T052	C0441655
28419641	1145	1165	retrosplenial cortex	T023	C4085586
28419641	1167	1175	implicit	T033	C0561768
28419641	1176	1185	retrieval	T041	C0679061
28419641	1195	1198	PCC	T023	C0175191
28419641	1200	1208	explicit	T041	C0561766
28419641	1209	1218	retrieval	T041	C0679061
28419641	1221	1231	Additional	T169	C1524062
28419641	1232	1240	analyses	T062	C0936012
28419641	1241	1249	revealed	T080	C0443289
28419641	1261	1273	connectivity	T169	C1707489
28419641	1286	1304	bilateral amygdala	T023	C0002708
28419641	1313	1337	supplementary motor area	T029	C3496173
28419641	1339	1349	precentral	T023	C0921005
28419641	1354	1372	paracentral lobule	T023	C0228203
28419641	1381	1394	control group	T096	C0009932
28419641	1411	1423	experimental	T080	C1517586
28419641	1424	1430	trauma	T037	C3714660
28419641	1431	1436	group	T078	C0441833
28419641	1442	1447	study	T062	C0008972
28419641	1474	1480	neural	T169	C3714606
28419641	1481	1491	correlates	T041	C0871178
28419641	1495	1507	experimental	T080	C1517586
28419641	1508	1514	trauma	T037	C3714660
28419641	1515	1531	memory retrieval	T041	C0679061
28419641	1542	1558	predictive value	T080	C1514307
28419641	1563	1573	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28419641	1574	1581	symptom	T184	C1457887
28419641	1582	1593	development	T169	C1527148
28419641	1599	1606	results	T169	C1274040
28419641	1635	1647	personalized	T080	C1709510
28419641	1648	1663	early treatment	UnknownType	C0814494
28419641	1668	1678	prevention	T080	C2700409
28419641	1682	1686	PTSD	T048	C0038436

28419865|t|The nitroxyl donor Angeli's salt ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus -induced septic arthritis in mice
28419865|a|Septic arthritis is a severe and rapidly debilitating disease associated with severe joint pain, inflammation and oxidative stress. Nitroxyl (HNO) has become a nitrogen oxide of significant interest due to its pharmacological endpoints that are potentially favorable for treating varied diseases. However, whether HNO also serves as a treatment to septic arthritis is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the HNO donor, Angeli's salt (AS), in the outcome of chronic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced septic arthritis in mice. Daily treatment with AS inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and inflammation (edema, leukocyte migration, cytokines release and NF-κB activation, and oxidative stress) resulting in reduced disease severity (clinical course, histopathological changes, proteoglycan levels in the joints, and osteoclastogenesis). In addition, AS decreased the number of S. aureus colony forming unities in synovial tissue, enhanced the bactericidal effect of macrophages and inhibited the worsening of systemic inflammatory response (leukocyte counts in the lung and systemic proinflammatory cytokine concentration). Our results suggest for the first time the therapeutic potential of AS in a model of septic arthritis by mechanisms involving microbicidal effects, anti-inflammatory actions and reduction of disease severity.
28419865	4	18	nitroxyl donor	T121,T197	C0068882
28419865	19	32	Angeli's salt	T109,T130	C0103301
28419865	45	66	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28419865	76	92	septic arthritis	T047	C1692886
28419865	96	100	mice	T015	C0025929
28419865	101	117	Septic arthritis	T047	C1692886
28419865	123	129	severe	T080	C0205082
28419865	134	162	rapidly debilitating disease	T047	C0008679
28419865	179	196	severe joint pain	T184	C0003862
28419865	198	210	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28419865	215	231	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28419865	233	241	Nitroxyl	T121,T197	C0068882
28419865	243	246	HNO	T121,T197	C0068882
28419865	261	275	nitrogen oxide	T197	C0028167
28419865	311	326	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28419865	327	336	endpoints	T080	C2349179
28419865	346	367	potentially favorable	T080	C3640814
28419865	372	380	treating	T169	C1522326
28419865	388	396	diseases	T047	C0012634
28419865	415	418	HNO	T121,T197	C0068882
28419865	436	445	treatment	T169	C1522326
28419865	449	465	septic arthritis	T047	C1692886
28419865	533	539	effect	T169	C0728866
28419865	547	556	HNO donor	T121,T197	C0068882
28419865	558	571	Angeli's salt	T109,T130	C0103301
28419865	573	575	AS	T109,T130	C0103301
28419865	596	603	chronic	T047	C0008679
28419865	604	625	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28419865	627	636	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28419865	646	662	septic arthritis	T047	C1692886
28419865	666	670	mice	T015	C0025929
28419865	678	687	treatment	T169	C1522326
28419865	693	695	AS	T109,T130	C0103301
28419865	696	705	inhibited	T052	C3463820
28419865	706	729	mechanical hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28419865	734	746	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28419865	748	753	edema	T184	C0013604
28419865	755	774	leukocyte migration	T043	C1326500
28419865	776	793	cytokines release	T047	C0948245
28419865	798	814	NF-κB activation	T044	C1749855
28419865	820	836	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28419865	851	858	reduced	T080	C0392756
28419865	859	875	disease severity	T080	C0521117
28419865	877	892	clinical course	T079	C0449259
28419865	894	919	histopathological changes	T169	C0243140
28419865	921	933	proteoglycan	T116,T123	C0033692
28419865	934	940	levels	T080	C0441889
28419865	948	954	joints	T030	C0022417
28419865	960	978	osteoclastogenesis	T042	C4279953
28419865	994	996	AS	T109,T130	C0103301
28419865	997	1006	decreased	T081	C0205216
28419865	1021	1030	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28419865	1031	1053	colony forming unities	T034	C0201036
28419865	1057	1072	synovial tissue	T024	C0224494
28419865	1074	1082	enhanced	T081	C0205217
28419865	1087	1106	bactericidal effect	T039	C0544570
28419865	1110	1121	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28419865	1126	1135	inhibited	T052	C3463820
28419865	1140	1149	worsening	T033	C1457868
28419865	1153	1183	systemic inflammatory response	T047	C0242966
28419865	1185	1201	leukocyte counts	T059	C0023508
28419865	1209	1213	lung	T023	C0024109
28419865	1218	1226	systemic	T169	C0205373
28419865	1227	1265	proinflammatory cytokine concentration	T033	C4227660
28419865	1311	1332	therapeutic potential	T169	C0302350
28419865	1336	1338	AS	T109,T130	C0103301
28419865	1344	1349	model	T050	C0684309
28419865	1353	1369	septic arthritis	T047	C1692886
28419865	1394	1414	microbicidal effects	T043	C1516022
28419865	1416	1441	anti-inflammatory actions	T080	C1515999
28419865	1446	1455	reduction	T080	C0392756
28419865	1459	1475	disease severity	T080	C0521117

28420030|t|Role of endoscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Clinical Guideline
28420030|a|1 ESGE / EASL recommend that, as the primary diagnostic modality for PSC, magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) should be preferred over endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Moderate quality evidence, strong recommendation. 2 ESGE / EASL suggest that ERCP can be considered if MRC plus liver biopsy is equivocal or contraindicated in patients with persisting clinical suspicion of PSC. The risks of ERCP have to be weighed against the potential benefit with regard to surveillance and treatment recommendations. Low quality evidence, weak recommendation. 6 ESGE / EASL suggest that, in patients with an established diagnosis of PSC, MRC should be considered before therapeutic ERCP. Weak recommendation, low quality evidence. 7 ESGE / EASL suggest performing endoscopic treatment with concomitant ductal sampling (brush cytology, endobiliary biopsies) of suspected significant strictures identified at MRC in PSC patients who present with symptoms likely to improve following endoscopic treatment. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 9 ESGE / EASL recommend weighing the anticipated benefits of biliary papillotomy / sphincterotomy against its risks on a case-by-case basis. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. Biliary papillotomy / sphincterotomy should be considered especially after difficult cannulation. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 16 ESGE / EASL suggest routine administration of prophylactic antibiotics before ERCP in patients with PSC. Strong recommendation, low quality evidence. 17 EASL / ESGE recommend that cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) should be suspected in any patient with worsening cholestasis, weight loss, raised serum CA19-9, and/or new or progressive dominant stricture, particularly with an associated enhancing mass lesion. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence. 19 ESGE / EASL recommend ductal sampling (brush cytology, endobiliary biopsies) as part of the initial investigation for the diagnosis and staging of suspected CCA in patients with PSC. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.
28420030	8	17	endoscopy	T060	C0014245
28420030	21	51	primary sclerosing cholangitis	T047	C0566602
28420030	53	99	European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy	T093	C1708333
28420030	101	105	ESGE	T093	C1708333
28420030	111	158	European Association for the Study of the Liver	T093	C1708333
28420030	160	164	EASL	T093	C1708333
28420030	166	184	Clinical Guideline	T170	C0282451
28420030	187	191	ESGE	T093	C1708333
28420030	194	198	EASL	T093	C1708333
28420030	222	229	primary	T080	C0205225
28420030	230	240	diagnostic	T060	C0430022
28420030	241	249	modality	T078	C0695347
28420030	254	257	PSC	T047	C0566602
28420030	259	293	magnetic resonance cholangiography	T060	C1697842
28420030	295	298	MRC	T060	C1697842
28420030	325	371	endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography	T060	C0008310
28420030	373	377	ERCP	T060	C0008310
28420030	380	388	Moderate	T080	C0205081
28420030	389	396	quality	T080	C0332306
28420030	397	405	evidence	T078	C3887511
28420030	407	413	strong	T080	C0442821
28420030	414	428	recommendation	T170	C1545264
28420030	432	436	ESGE	T093	C1708333
28420030	439	443	EASL	T093	C1708333
28420030	457	461	ERCP	T060	C0008310
28420030	483	486	MRC	T060	C1697842
28420030	492	504	liver biopsy	T060	C0193388
28420030	508	517	equivocal	T080	C0332241
28420030	521	536	contraindicated	T033	C0420587
28420030	540	548	patients	T101	C0030705
28420030	574	583	suspicion	T033	C0243095
28420030	587	590	PSC	T047	C0566602
28420030	596	601	risks	T078	C0035647
28420030	605	609	ERCP	T060	C0008310
28420030	641	650	potential	T080	C3245505
28420030	651	658	benefit	T081	C0814225
28420030	674	686	surveillance	T058	C0700325
28420030	691	700	treatment	T061	C0087111
28420030	701	716	recommendations	T170	C1545264
28420030	718	721	Low	T080	C0205251
28420030	722	729	quality	T080	C0332306
28420030	730	738	evidence	T078	C3887511
28420030	740	744	weak	T080	C1762617
28420030	745	759	recommendation	T170	C1545264
28420030	763	767	ESGE	T093	C1708333
28420030	770	774	EASL	T093	C1708333
28420030	792	800	patients	T101	C0030705
28420030	809	830	established diagnosis	T080	C0332139
28420030	834	837	PSC	T047	C0566602
28420030	839	842	MRC	T060	C1697842
28420030	871	882	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
28420030	883	887	ERCP	T060	C0008310
28420030	889	893	Weak	T080	C1762617
28420030	894	908	recommendation	T170	C1545264
28420030	910	913	low	T080	C0205251
28420030	914	921	quality	T080	C0332306
28420030	922	930	evidence	T078	C3887511
28420030	934	938	ESGE	T093	C1708333
28420030	941	945	EASL	T093	C1708333
28420030	965	975	endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28420030	976	985	treatment	T061	C0087111
28420030	991	1002	concomitant	T079	C0521115
28420030	1003	1009	ductal	T023	C0005400
28420030	1010	1018	sampling	T078	C0870078
28420030	1020	1034	brush cytology	T074	C0490961
28420030	1036	1056	endobiliary biopsies	T074	C1737508
28420030	1061	1070	suspected	T080	C0332147
28420030	1071	1082	significant	T078	C0750502
28420030	1083	1093	strictures	T190	C0597984
28420030	1108	1111	MRC	T060	C1697842
28420030	1115	1118	PSC	T047	C0566602
28420030	1119	1127	patients	T101	C0030705
28420030	1145	1153	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28420030	1164	1171	improve	T033	C0184511
28420030	1182	1192	endoscopic	T060	C0014245
28420030	1193	1202	treatment	T061	C0087111
28420030	1204	1210	Strong	T080	C0442821
28420030	1211	1225	recommendation	T170	C1545264
28420030	1227	1230	low	T080	C0205251
28420030	1231	1238	quality	T080	C0332306
28420030	1239	1247	evidence	T078	C3887511
28420030	1251	1255	ESGE	T093	C1708333
28420030	1258	1262	EASL	T093	C1708333
28420030	1263	1272	recommend	T170	C1545264
28420030	1286	1297	anticipated	T033	C3840775
28420030	1298	1306	benefits	T081	C0814225
28420030	1310	1329	biliary papillotomy	T061	C0085263
28420030	1332	1346	sphincterotomy	T061	C0948386
28420030	1359	1364	risks	T078	C0035647
28420030	1390	1396	Strong	T080	C0442821
28420030	1397	1411	recommendation	T170	C1545264
28420030	1413	1421	moderate	T080	C0205081
28420030	1422	1429	quality	T080	C0332306
28420030	1430	1438	evidence	T078	C3887511
28420030	1440	1459	Biliary papillotomy	T061	C0085263
28420030	1462	1476	sphincterotomy	T061	C0948386
28420030	1515	1524	difficult	T080	C0332218
28420030	1525	1536	cannulation	T061	C0917707
28420030	1538	1544	Strong	T080	C0442821
28420030	1545	1559	recommendation	T170	C1545264
28420030	1561	1564	low	T080	C0205251
28420030	1565	1572	quality	T080	C0332306
28420030	1573	1581	evidence	T078	C3887511
28420030	1586	1590	ESGE	T093	C1708333
28420030	1593	1597	EASL	T093	C1708333
28420030	1606	1628	routine administration	T061	C0204888
28420030	1632	1656	prophylactic antibiotics	T061	C0508354
28420030	1657	1663	before	T079	C0332152
28420030	1664	1668	ERCP	T060	C0008310
28420030	1672	1680	patients	T101	C0030705
28420030	1686	1689	PSC	T047	C0566602
28420030	1691	1697	Strong	T080	C0442821
28420030	1698	1712	recommendation	T170	C1545264
28420030	1714	1717	low	T080	C0205251
28420030	1718	1725	quality	T080	C0332306
28420030	1726	1734	evidence	T078	C3887511
28420030	1739	1743	EASL	T093	C1708333
28420030	1746	1750	ESGE	T093	C1708333
28420030	1751	1760	recommend	T170	C1545264
28420030	1766	1784	cholangiocarcinoma	T191	C0206698
28420030	1786	1789	CCA	T191	C0206698
28420030	1801	1810	suspected	T047	C0277540
28420030	1818	1825	patient	T101	C0030705
28420030	1831	1840	worsening	T033	C1820858
28420030	1841	1852	cholestasis	T047	C0008370
28420030	1854	1865	weight loss	T046	C2911645
28420030	1867	1873	raised	T080	C0442818
28420030	1874	1879	serum	T031	C0229671
28420030	1880	1886	CA19-9	T059	C0201551
28420030	1895	1898	new	T080	C0205314
28420030	1902	1913	progressive	T169	C0205329
28420030	1914	1922	dominant	T169	C1527180
28420030	1923	1932	stricture	T190	C0597984
28420030	1966	1975	enhancing	T052	C2349975
28420030	1976	1987	mass lesion	T191	C0746408
28420030	1989	1995	Strong	T080	C0442821
28420030	1996	2010	recommendation	T170	C1545264
28420030	2012	2020	moderate	T080	C0205081
28420030	2021	2028	quality	T080	C0332306
28420030	2029	2037	evidence	T078	C3887511
28420030	2042	2046	ESGE	T093	C1708333
28420030	2049	2053	EASL	T093	C1708333
28420030	2054	2063	recommend	T170	C1545264
28420030	2064	2070	ductal	T023	C0005400
28420030	2071	2079	sampling	T078	C0870078
28420030	2081	2095	brush cytology	T074	C0490961
28420030	2097	2117	endobiliary biopsies	T074	C1737508
28420030	2134	2141	initial	T079	C0205265
28420030	2142	2155	investigation	T058	C0220825
28420030	2164	2173	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28420030	2178	2185	staging	T060	C0027646
28420030	2189	2198	suspected	T047	C0277540
28420030	2199	2202	CCA	T191	C0206698
28420030	2206	2214	patients	T101	C0030705
28420030	2220	2223	PSC	T047	C0566602
28420030	2225	2231	Strong	T080	C0442821
28420030	2232	2246	recommendation	T170	C1545264
28420030	2248	2252	high	T080	C0205250
28420030	2253	2260	quality	T080	C0332306
28420030	2261	2269	evidence	T078	C3887511

28420059|t|Neuropsychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus: impact on quality of life
28420059|a|Objective Assess quality of life in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting with neuropsychiatric symptoms (neuropsychiatric SLE, NPSLE). Methods Quality of life was assessed using the Short-Form 36 item Health Survey (SF-36) in patients visiting the Leiden NPSLE clinic at baseline and at follow-up. SF-36 subscales and summary scores were calculated and compared with quality of life of the general Dutch population and patients with other chronic diseases. Results At baseline, quality of life was assessed in 248 SLE patients, of whom 98 had NPSLE (39.7%). Follow-up data were available for 104 patients (42%), of whom 64 had NPSLE (61.5%). SLE patients presenting neuropsychiatric symptoms showed a significantly reduced quality of life in all subscales of the SF-36. Quality of life at follow-up showed a significant improvement in physical functioning role (p = 0.001), social functioning (p = 0.007), vitality (p = 0.023), mental health (p = 0.014) and mental component score (p = 0.042) in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms not attributed to SLE, but no significant improvement was seen in patients with NPSLE. Conclusion Quality of life is significantly reduced in patients with SLE presenting neuropsychiatric symptoms compared with the general population and patients with other chronic diseases. Quality of life remains considerably impaired at follow-up. Our results illustrate the need for biopsychosocial care in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
28420059	0	25	Neuropsychiatric symptoms	T184	C4285807
28420059	29	57	systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
28420059	59	84	impact on quality of life	T080	C3476057
28420059	85	94	Objective	T170	C0018017
28420059	95	101	Assess	T058	C0184514
28420059	102	117	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28420059	121	129	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	135	163	systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
28420059	165	168	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420059	170	180	presenting	T078	C0449450
28420059	186	211	neuropsychiatric symptoms	T184	C4285807
28420059	213	233	neuropsychiatric SLE	T047	C0752335
28420059	235	240	NPSLE	T047	C0752335
28420059	243	250	Methods	T170	C0025663
28420059	251	266	Quality of life	T078	C0034380
28420059	271	279	assessed	T052	C1516048
28420059	290	322	Short-Form 36 item Health Survey	T170	C1519136
28420059	324	329	SF-36	T170	C1519136
28420059	334	342	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	343	351	visiting	T058	C1512346
28420059	356	362	Leiden	T083	C0017446
28420059	363	368	NPSLE	T047	C0752335
28420059	369	375	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28420059	379	387	baseline	T081	C1442488
28420059	395	404	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28420059	406	411	SF-36	T170	C1519136
28420059	412	421	subscales	T081	C0459443
28420059	426	440	summary scores	T033	C3533165
28420059	446	456	calculated	T052	C1441506
28420059	461	469	compared	T052	C1707455
28420059	475	490	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28420059	498	505	general	T082	C0205246
28420059	506	522	Dutch population	T098	C0013331
28420059	527	535	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	541	546	other	T080	C0205394
28420059	547	563	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28420059	576	584	baseline	T081	C1442488
28420059	586	601	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28420059	606	614	assessed	T052	C1516048
28420059	622	625	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420059	626	634	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	651	656	NPSLE	T047	C0752335
28420059	666	675	Follow-up	T058	C1522577
28420059	676	680	data	T078	C1511726
28420059	704	712	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	735	740	NPSLE	T047	C0752335
28420059	750	753	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420059	754	762	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	763	773	presenting	T078	C0449450
28420059	774	799	neuropsychiatric symptoms	T184	C4285807
28420059	809	830	significantly reduced	T081	C4055638
28420059	831	846	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28420059	854	863	subscales	T081	C0459443
28420059	871	876	SF-36	T170	C1519136
28420059	878	893	Quality of life	T078	C0034380
28420059	897	906	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28420059	916	927	significant	T078	C0750502
28420059	928	939	improvement	T077	C2986411
28420059	943	963	physical functioning	T033	C0516981
28420059	964	968	role	T054	C0035820
28420059	982	1000	social functioning	T054	C0037395
28420059	1014	1022	vitality	T033	C0424589
28420059	1036	1049	mental health	T041	C0025353
28420059	1066	1088	mental component score	T081	C0449820
28420059	1104	1112	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	1118	1143	neuropsychiatric symptoms	T184	C4285807
28420059	1162	1165	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420059	1174	1185	significant	T078	C0750502
28420059	1186	1197	improvement	T077	C2986411
28420059	1210	1218	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	1224	1229	NPSLE	T047	C0752335
28420059	1242	1257	Quality of life	T078	C0034380
28420059	1261	1282	significantly reduced	T081	C4055638
28420059	1286	1294	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	1300	1303	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420059	1304	1314	presenting	T078	C0449450
28420059	1315	1340	neuropsychiatric symptoms	T184	C4285807
28420059	1341	1349	compared	T052	C1707455
28420059	1359	1377	general population	T098	C0683971
28420059	1382	1390	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	1396	1401	other	T080	C0205394
28420059	1402	1418	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28420059	1420	1435	Quality of life	T078	C0034380
28420059	1444	1465	considerably impaired	T169	C0221099
28420059	1469	1478	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28420059	1484	1491	results	T033	C0683954
28420059	1516	1536	biopsychosocial care	T058	C2958078
28420059	1540	1548	patients	T101	C0030705
28420059	1554	1557	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420059	1562	1587	neuropsychiatric symptoms	T184	C4285807

28420066|t|Disease evolution in late-onset and early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
28420066|a|Objective The objective of this study was to compare clinical features, disease activity, and outcome in late-onset versus early-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) over 5 years of follow up Method Patients with SLE since 1970 were followed prospectively according to standard protocol and tracked on a computerized database. Patients entering the cohort within one year of diagnosis constitute the inception cohort. Patients with late-onset (age at diagnosis ≥50) disease were identified and matched 1:2 based on gender and first clinic visit (±5) years with patients with early-onset disease (age at diagnosis 18-40 years). Results A total of 86 patients with late-onset disease (84.9% female, 81.4% Caucasian, mean age at SLE diagnosis ± SD 58.05 ± 7.30) and 169 patients with early-onset disease (86.4% female, 71% Caucasian, mean age at SLE diagnosis ± SD 27.80 ± 5.90) were identified. At enrollment, late-onset SLE patients had a lower total number of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, with less renal and neurologic manifestations. Mean SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores were lower in late-onset SLE, especially renal features and anti-dsDNA positivity. Over 5 years, mean SLEDAI-2K scores decreased in both groups, while mean Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index (SDI) scores increased more significantly in the late-onset group; they developed more cardiovascular, renal, and ocular damage, and had higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusion Although the late-onset SLE group had a milder presentation and less active disease, with the evolution of disease, they developed more organ damage likely as a consequence of cardiovascular risk factors and aging.
28420066	0	17	Disease evolution	T070	C1254365
28420066	21	31	late-onset	T079	C4025592
28420066	36	47	early-onset	T033	C1833334
28420066	48	76	systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
28420066	91	100	objective	T170	C0018017
28420066	109	114	study	T062	C2603343
28420066	130	138	clinical	T080	C0205210
28420066	139	147	features	T080	C2348519
28420066	149	165	disease activity	T060	C4065474
28420066	171	178	outcome	T033	C0679250
28420066	182	192	late-onset	T079	C4025592
28420066	200	211	early-onset	T033	C1833334
28420066	212	240	systemic lupus erythematosus	T047	C0024141
28420066	242	245	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420066	254	259	years	T079	C0439234
28420066	263	272	follow up	T058	C1522577
28420066	280	288	Patients	T101	C0030705
28420066	294	297	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420066	350	367	standard protocol	T061	C0008971
28420066	385	406	computerized database	T170	C0871696
28420066	408	416	Patients	T101	C0030705
28420066	430	436	cohort	T098	C0599755
28420066	444	452	one year	T079	C4082117
28420066	456	465	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28420066	481	497	inception cohort	UnknownType	C0150101
28420066	499	507	Patients	T101	C0030705
28420066	513	523	late-onset	T079	C4025592
28420066	525	528	age	T032	C0001779
28420066	532	541	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28420066	547	554	disease	T047	C0012634
28420066	560	570	identified	T080	C0205396
28420066	596	602	gender	T032	C0079399
28420066	613	625	clinic visit	T058	C0008952
28420066	631	636	years	T079	C0439234
28420066	642	650	patients	T101	C0030705
28420066	656	675	early-onset disease	T047	C0814120
28420066	677	680	age	T032	C0001779
28420066	684	693	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28420066	700	705	years	T079	C0439234
28420066	730	738	patients	T101	C0030705
28420066	744	754	late-onset	T079	C4025592
28420066	755	762	disease	T047	C0012634
28420066	770	776	female	T032	C0086287
28420066	784	793	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
28420066	795	799	mean	T081	C0444504
28420066	800	803	age	T032	C0001779
28420066	807	810	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420066	811	820	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28420066	848	856	patients	T101	C0030705
28420066	862	881	early-onset disease	T047	C0814120
28420066	889	895	female	T032	C0086287
28420066	901	910	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
28420066	912	916	mean	T081	C0444504
28420066	917	920	age	T032	C0001779
28420066	924	927	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420066	928	937	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28420066	962	972	identified	T080	C0205396
28420066	989	999	late-onset	T079	C4025592
28420066	1000	1003	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420066	1004	1012	patients	T101	C0030705
28420066	1041	1088	American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria	T170	C4055473
28420066	1110	1135	neurologic manifestations	T033	C0027854
28420066	1137	1141	Mean	T081	C0444504
28420066	1142	1192	SLE Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores	T170	C0451528
28420066	1198	1203	lower	T080	C0205251
28420066	1207	1217	late-onset	T079	C4025592
28420066	1218	1221	SLE	T047	C0024141
28420066	1234	1248	renal features	T201	C1285911
28420066	1253	1274	anti-dsDNA positivity	T034	C2747927
28420066	1283	1288	years	T079	C0439234
28420066	1290	1294	mean	T081	C0444504
28420066	1295	1311	SLEDAI-2K scores	T170	C0451528
28420066	1312	1321	decreased	T081	C0205216
28420066	1330	1336	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28420066	1344	1348	mean	T081	C0444504
28420066	1349	1429	Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ACR Damage Index (SDI) scores	T170	C4049882
28420066	1430	1439	increased	T081	C0205217
28420066	1466	1482	late-onset group	UnknownType	C0681860
28420066	1504	1518	cardiovascular	T037	C0560570
28420066	1520	1525	renal	T033	C1408258
28420066	1531	1544	ocular damage	T033	C4061128
28420066	1554	1571	higher prevalence	T081	C1512456
28420066	1575	1602	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28420066	1628	1648	late-onset SLE group	UnknownType	C0681860
28420066	1679	1690	less active	T033	C0243095
28420066	1691	1698	disease	T047	C0012634
28420066	1709	1729	evolution of disease	T070	C1254365
28420066	1751	1756	organ	T023	C0178784
28420066	1757	1763	damage	T169	C1883709
28420066	1776	1787	consequence	T169	C0686907
28420066	1791	1818	cardiovascular risk factors	T047	C0850624
28420066	1823	1828	aging	T040	C0001811

28420538|t|The impact on productivity of a hypothetical tax on sugar-sweetened beverages
28420538|a|To quantify the potential impact of an additional 20% tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on productivity in Australia. We used a multi-state lifetable Markov model to examine the potential impact of an additional 20% tax on SSBs on total lifetime productivity in the paid and unpaid sectors of the economy. The study population consisted of Australians aged 20 years or older in 2010, whose health and other relevant outcomes were modelled over their remaining lifetime. The SSBs tax was estimated to reduce the number of people with obesity by 1.96% of the entire population (437,000 fewer persons with obesity), and reduce the number of employees with obesity by 317,000 persons. These effects translated into productivity gains in the paid sector of AU$751 million for the working - age population (95% confidence interval: AU$565 million to AU$954 million), using the human capital approach. In the unpaid sector, the potential productivity gains amounted to AU$1172 million (AU$929 million to AU$1435 million) using the replacement cost method. These productivity benefits are in addition to the health benefits of 35,000 life years gained and a reduction in healthcare costs of AU$425 million. An additional 20% tax on SSBs not only improves health outcomes and reduces healthcare costs, but provides productivity gains in both the paid and unpaid sectors of the economy.
28420538	4	10	impact	T080	C4049986
28420538	14	26	productivity	T081	C0033269
28420538	32	48	hypothetical tax	T081	C0039371
28420538	52	77	sugar-sweetened beverages	T168	C0005329
28420538	94	103	potential	T080	C3245505
28420538	104	110	impact	T080	C4049986
28420538	117	127	additional	T169	C1524062
28420538	132	135	tax	T081	C0039371
28420538	139	164	sugar-sweetened beverages	T168	C0005329
28420538	166	170	SSBs	T168	C0005329
28420538	175	187	productivity	T081	C0033269
28420538	191	200	Australia	T083	C0004340
28420538	212	246	multi-state lifetable Markov model	T081,T170	C0023682
28420538	250	257	examine	T033	C0332128
28420538	262	271	potential	T080	C3245505
28420538	272	278	impact	T080	C4049986
28420538	285	295	additional	T169	C1524062
28420538	300	303	tax	T081	C0039371
28420538	307	311	SSBs	T168	C0005329
28420538	315	329	total lifetime	T079	C4071830
28420538	330	342	productivity	T081	C0033269
28420538	350	373	paid and unpaid sectors	T078	C0009433
28420538	381	388	economy	T081	C0870462
28420538	394	410	study population	T098	C2348561
28420538	424	435	Australians	T098	C0238711
28420538	436	440	aged	T032	C0001779
28420538	444	449	years	T079	C0439234
28420538	453	458	older	T098	C0001792
28420538	474	480	health	T170	C1550208
28420538	491	499	relevant	T080	C2347946
28420538	500	508	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28420538	514	522	modelled	T062	C0870071
28420538	534	543	remaining	T080	C1527428
28420538	544	552	lifetime	T079	C4071830
28420538	558	562	SSBs	T168	C0005329
28420538	563	566	tax	T081	C0039371
28420538	571	580	estimated	T081	C0750572
28420538	584	590	reduce	T080	C0392756
28420538	595	601	number	T081	C0237753
28420538	605	611	people	T098	C0027361
28420538	617	624	obesity	T047	C0028754
28420538	648	658	population	T098	C1257890
28420538	674	681	persons	T098	C0027361
28420538	687	694	obesity	T047	C0028754
28420538	701	707	reduce	T080	C0392756
28420538	712	718	number	T081	C0237753
28420538	722	731	employees	T097	C0599987
28420538	737	744	obesity	T047	C0028754
28420538	756	763	persons	T098	C0027361
28420538	771	778	effects	T080	C1280500
28420538	795	807	productivity	T081	C0033269
28420538	808	813	gains	T081	C1517378
28420538	821	832	paid sector	T078	C0009433
28420538	843	850	million	T081	C1881839
28420538	859	866	working	T057	C0043227
28420538	869	872	age	T032	C0001779
28420538	873	883	population	T098	C1257890
28420538	889	908	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28420538	917	924	million	T081	C1881839
28420538	935	942	million	T081	C1881839
28420538	955	968	human capital	T081	C0700103
28420538	969	977	approach	T082	C0449445
28420538	986	999	unpaid sector	T078	C0009433
28420538	1005	1014	potential	T080	C3245505
28420538	1015	1027	productivity	T081	C0033269
28420538	1028	1033	gains	T081	C1517378
28420538	1034	1042	amounted	T081	C1265611
28420538	1054	1061	million	T081	C1881839
28420538	1070	1077	million	T081	C1881839
28420538	1089	1096	million	T081	C1881839
28420538	1108	1131	replacement cost method	T170	C0025663
28420538	1139	1151	productivity	T081	C0033269
28420538	1152	1160	benefits	T081	C0814225
28420538	1184	1199	health benefits	T081	C0086387
28420538	1210	1220	life years	T079	C0080071
28420538	1221	1227	gained	T081	C1517378
28420538	1234	1243	reduction	T080	C0392756
28420538	1247	1263	healthcare costs	T081	C0085552
28420538	1274	1281	million	T081	C1881839
28420538	1286	1296	additional	T169	C1524062
28420538	1301	1304	tax	T081	C0039371
28420538	1308	1312	SSBs	T168	C0005329
28420538	1322	1330	improves	T033	C0184511
28420538	1331	1346	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
28420538	1351	1358	reduces	T080	C0392756
28420538	1359	1375	healthcare costs	T081	C0085552
28420538	1390	1402	productivity	T081	C0033269
28420538	1403	1408	gains	T081	C1517378
28420538	1421	1444	paid and unpaid sectors	T078	C0009433
28420538	1452	1459	economy	T081	C0870462

28421026|t|Keeping the Spirits Up: The Effect of Teachers' and Parents' Emotional Support on Children's Working Memory Performance
28421026|a|Working memory, used to temporarily store and mentally manipulate information, is important for children's learning. It is therefore valuable to understand which (contextual) factors promote or hinder working memory performance. Recent research shows positive associations between positive parent-child and teacher-student interactions and working memory performance and development. However, no study has yet experimentally investigated how parents and teachers affect working memory performance. Based on attachment theory, the current study investigated the role of parent and teacher emotional support in promoting working memory performance by buffering the negative effect of social stress. Questionnaires and an experimental session were completed by 170 children from grade 1 to 2 (Mage = 7 years 6 months, SD = 7 months). Questionnaires were used to assess children's perceptions of the teacher-student and parent-child relationship. During an experimental session, working memory was measured with the Corsi task backward (Milner, 1971) in a pre- and post-test design. In-between the tests stress was induced in the children using the Cyberball paradigm (Williams et al., 2000). Emotional support was manipulated (between-subjects) through an audio message (either a weather report, a supportive message of a stranger, a supportive message of a parent, or a supportive message of a teacher). Results of repeated measures ANOVA showed no clear effect of the stress induction. Nevertheless, an effect of parent and teacher support was found and depended on the quality of the parent-child relationship. When children had a positive relationship with their parent, support of parents and teachers had little effect on working memory performance. When children had a negative relationship with their parent, a supportive message of that parent decreased working memory performance, while a supportive message from the teacher increased performance. In sum, the current study suggests that parents and teachers can support working memory performance by being supportive for the child. Teacher support is most effective when the child has a negative relationship with the parent. These insights can give direction to specific measures aimed at preventing and resolving working memory problems and related issues.
28421026	28	34	Effect	T080	C1280500
28421026	38	47	Teachers'	T097	C0221457
28421026	52	60	Parents'	T099	C0030551
28421026	61	78	Emotional Support	T058	C0600015
28421026	82	92	Children's	T100	C0008059
28421026	93	107	Working Memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	108	119	Performance	T041	C1285654
28421026	120	134	Working memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	144	161	temporarily store	T041	C0025265
28421026	186	197	information	T078	C1533716
28421026	216	226	children's	T100	C0008059
28421026	227	235	learning	T041	C0023185
28421026	295	302	factors	T169	C1521761
28421026	303	310	promote	T052	C0033414
28421026	314	320	hinder	T052	C3463820
28421026	321	335	working memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	336	347	performance	T041	C1285654
28421026	356	364	research	T062	C0035168
28421026	371	379	positive	T033	C1446409
28421026	380	392	associations	T080	C0439849
28421026	401	409	positive	T033	C1446409
28421026	410	422	parent-child	T054	C0030542
28421026	427	455	teacher-student interactions	T054	C0871486
28421026	460	474	working memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	475	486	performance	T041	C1285654
28421026	491	502	development	T169	C1527148
28421026	516	521	study	T062	C2603343
28421026	530	557	experimentally investigated	T169	C1292732
28421026	562	569	parents	T099	C0030551
28421026	574	582	teachers	T097	C0221457
28421026	590	604	working memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	605	616	performance	T041	C1285654
28421026	627	644	attachment theory	T078	C0871935
28421026	658	663	study	T062	C2603343
28421026	664	676	investigated	T169	C1292732
28421026	689	695	parent	T099	C0030551
28421026	700	707	teacher	T097	C0221457
28421026	708	725	emotional support	T058	C0600015
28421026	729	738	promoting	T052	C0033414
28421026	739	753	working memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	754	765	performance	T041	C1285654
28421026	783	791	negative	T033	C0205160
28421026	792	798	effect	T080	C1280500
28421026	802	815	social stress	T048	C0871388
28421026	817	831	Questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28421026	839	859	experimental session	T062	C0242481
28421026	882	890	children	T100	C0008059
28421026	919	924	years	T079	C0439234
28421026	927	933	months	T079	C0439231
28421026	942	948	months	T079	C0439231
28421026	951	965	Questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28421026	986	996	children's	T100	C0008059
28421026	997	1008	perceptions	T041	C0030971
28421026	1016	1031	teacher-student	T054	C0871486
28421026	1036	1061	parent-child relationship	T054	C0030542
28421026	1073	1093	experimental session	T062	C0242481
28421026	1095	1109	working memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	1132	1151	Corsi task backward	UnknownType	C0681907
28421026	1172	1176	pre-	T052	C1707689
28421026	1181	1197	post-test design	T052	C1707689
28421026	1214	1219	tests	T170	C0392366
28421026	1220	1226	stress	T033	C0038435
28421026	1231	1238	induced	T169	C0205263
28421026	1246	1254	children	T100	C0008059
28421026	1265	1283	Cyberball paradigm	T062	C0681797
28421026	1309	1326	Emotional support	T058	C0600015
28421026	1331	1342	manipulated	T053	C0018578
28421026	1373	1378	audio	T073,T170	C3273156
28421026	1379	1386	message	T170	C0470166
28421026	1397	1404	weather	T070	C0043085
28421026	1405	1411	report	T170	C0684224
28421026	1415	1425	supportive	T058	C0600015
28421026	1426	1433	message	T170	C0470166
28421026	1439	1447	stranger	T098	C1257890
28421026	1451	1461	supportive	T058	C0600015
28421026	1462	1469	message	T170	C0470166
28421026	1475	1481	parent	T099	C0030551
28421026	1488	1498	supportive	T058	C0600015
28421026	1499	1506	message	T170	C0470166
28421026	1512	1519	teacher	T097	C0221457
28421026	1522	1529	Results	T169	C1274040
28421026	1533	1550	repeated measures	T062	C0871881
28421026	1551	1556	ANOVA	T081	C0002780
28421026	1573	1579	effect	T080	C1280500
28421026	1587	1593	stress	T033	C0038435
28421026	1594	1603	induction	T169	C0205263
28421026	1622	1628	effect	T080	C1280500
28421026	1632	1638	parent	T099	C0030551
28421026	1643	1650	teacher	T097	C0221457
28421026	1651	1658	support	T058	C0600015
28421026	1689	1696	quality	T080	C0332306
28421026	1704	1729	parent-child relationship	T054	C0030542
28421026	1736	1744	children	T100	C0008059
28421026	1751	1759	positive	T033	C1446409
28421026	1760	1772	relationship	T080	C0439849
28421026	1784	1790	parent	T099	C0030551
28421026	1792	1799	support	T058	C0600015
28421026	1803	1810	parents	T099	C0030551
28421026	1815	1823	teachers	T097	C0221457
28421026	1835	1841	effect	T080	C1280500
28421026	1845	1859	working memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	1860	1871	performance	T041	C1285654
28421026	1878	1886	children	T100	C0008059
28421026	1893	1901	negative	T033	C0205160
28421026	1902	1914	relationship	T080	C0439849
28421026	1926	1932	parent	T099	C0030551
28421026	1936	1946	supportive	T058	C0600015
28421026	1947	1954	message	T170	C0470166
28421026	1963	1969	parent	T099	C0030551
28421026	1980	1994	working memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	1995	2006	performance	T041	C1285654
28421026	2016	2026	supportive	T058	C0600015
28421026	2027	2034	message	T170	C0470166
28421026	2044	2051	teacher	T097	C0221457
28421026	2062	2073	performance	T041	C1285654
28421026	2095	2100	study	T062	C2603343
28421026	2115	2122	parents	T099	C0030551
28421026	2127	2135	teachers	T097	C0221457
28421026	2140	2147	support	T058	C0600015
28421026	2148	2162	working memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	2163	2174	performance	T041	C1285654
28421026	2184	2194	supportive	T058	C0600015
28421026	2203	2208	child	T100	C0008059
28421026	2210	2217	Teacher	T097	C0221457
28421026	2218	2225	support	T058	C0600015
28421026	2234	2243	effective	T080	C1704419
28421026	2253	2258	child	T100	C0008059
28421026	2265	2273	negative	T033	C0205160
28421026	2274	2286	relationship	T080	C0439849
28421026	2296	2302	parent	T099	C0030551
28421026	2368	2378	preventing	T169	C1292733
28421026	2383	2392	resolving	T033	C3714811
28421026	2393	2407	working memory	T041	C0025265
28421026	2408	2416	problems	T033	C0033213
28421026	2429	2435	issues	T033	C0033213

28421317|t|Effect of oral carbohydrate with amino acid solution on serum oxidative/anti-oxidative status in healthy volunteers
28421317|a|The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of oral carbohydrate with amino acid [oral nutritional supplement (ONS)] solution on oxidative stress in healthy persons. Fourteen healthy volunteers were segregated into control and ONS groups. Volunteers in the ONS group ingested 250 ml of Arginaid Water (Nestle Japan, Tokyo, Japan) in the evening before the experiment and at 7:00 am on the day of the experiment. Volunteers in the control group fasted after dinner and drank only water until 7:00 am on the day of the experiment. In both groups, blood was collected at 9:00 am. The serum total oxidant levels and antioxidant capacity were assessed by d-ROMs (derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites) test and BAP (biological antioxidant potential) test, respectively. In the ONS group, the serum d-ROMs level was significantly lower than in the control group (297 ± 43 and 327 ± 41 U.CARR, respectively, p = 0.018), while the serum BAP level was significantly higher than the control group (2410 ± 432 and 1979 ± 397 µmol/l, respectively, p = 0.005). The OXY level of Arginaid Water was much higher than preOp drink (Nutricia, Ireland). In conclusion, our study showed that an ONS with arginine loading could decrease oxidative stress and increase antioxidant capacity in healthy volunteers.
28421317	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
28421317	10	14	oral	T169	C1527415
28421317	15	27	carbohydrate	T121	C0556103
28421317	33	52	amino acid solution	UnknownType	C0308311
28421317	56	61	serum	T031	C0229671
28421317	62	93	oxidative/anti-oxidative status	T033	C2825141
28421317	97	115	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
28421317	144	155	investigate	T169	C1292732
28421317	160	166	effect	T080	C1280500
28421317	170	174	oral	T169	C1527415
28421317	175	187	carbohydrate	T121	C0556103
28421317	193	203	amino acid	UnknownType	C0308311
28421317	205	209	oral	T169	C1527415
28421317	210	232	nutritional supplement	T168	C0773323
28421317	234	237	ONS	T168	C0773323
28421317	240	248	solution	T167	C0037633
28421317	252	268	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28421317	272	287	healthy persons	T098	C0027361
28421317	298	316	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
28421317	338	345	control	T096	C0009932
28421317	350	353	ONS	T168	C0773323
28421317	354	360	groups	T078	C0441833
28421317	362	372	Volunteers	T098	C0020155
28421317	380	383	ONS	T168	C0773323
28421317	384	389	group	T078	C0441833
28421317	390	398	ingested	T038	C0232478
28421317	409	423	Arginaid Water	UnknownType	C2346224
28421317	425	431	Nestle	UnknownType	C0593737
28421317	432	437	Japan	T083	C0022341
28421317	439	444	Tokyo	T083	C0040371
28421317	446	451	Japan	T083	C0022341
28421317	460	467	evening	T079	C0587117
28421317	479	489	experiment	T062	C0681814
28421317	512	515	day	T079	C0439228
28421317	523	533	experiment	T062	C0681814
28421317	535	545	Volunteers	T098	C0020155
28421317	553	566	control group	T096	C0009932
28421317	567	573	fasted	T033	C0015663
28421317	580	586	dinner	T056	C4048877
28421317	602	607	water	T167	C0599638
28421317	629	632	day	T079	C0439228
28421317	640	650	experiment	T062	C0681814
28421317	660	666	groups	T078	C0441833
28421317	668	673	blood	T031	C0005767
28421317	678	687	collected	T169	C1516698
28421317	704	709	serum	T031	C0229671
28421317	710	715	total	T080	C0439810
28421317	716	723	oxidant	T120	C0085403
28421317	724	730	levels	T080	C0441889
28421317	735	755	antioxidant capacity	T034	C1254360
28421317	761	769	assessed	T052	C1516048
28421317	773	829	d-ROMs (derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites) test	T059	C4048784
28421317	834	877	BAP (biological antioxidant potential) test	T059	C4049351
28421317	900	903	ONS	T168	C0773323
28421317	904	909	group	T078	C0441833
28421317	915	920	serum	T031	C0229671
28421317	921	933	d-ROMs level	T059	C4048784
28421317	952	957	lower	T080	C0205251
28421317	970	983	control group	T096	C0009932
28421317	1051	1056	serum	T031	C0229671
28421317	1057	1066	BAP level	T059	C4049351
28421317	1085	1091	higher	T080	C0205250
28421317	1101	1114	control group	T096	C0009932
28421317	1180	1189	OXY level	T034	C1254360
28421317	1193	1207	Arginaid Water	UnknownType	C2346224
28421317	1217	1223	higher	T080	C0205250
28421317	1229	1240	preOp drink	T168	C0452428
28421317	1242	1250	Nutricia	T168	C0016452
28421317	1252	1259	Ireland	T083	C0022067
28421317	1281	1286	study	T062	C2603343
28421317	1302	1305	ONS	T168	C0773323
28421317	1311	1319	arginine	T116,T121,T123	C0003765
28421317	1334	1342	decrease	T081	C0547047
28421317	1343	1359	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28421317	1364	1372	increase	T169	C0442805
28421317	1373	1393	antioxidant capacity	T034	C1254360
28421317	1397	1415	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335

28421738|t|Targeting the Nrf2 / Amyloid-Beta Liaison in Alzheimer's Disease: A Rational Approach
28421738|a|Amyloid is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, a linear linkage between amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and the disease onset and progression has recently been questioned. In this context, the crucial partnership between Aβ and Nrf2 pathways is acquiring paramount importance, offering prospects for deciphering the Aβ -centered disease network. Here, we report on a new class of antiaggregating agents rationally designed to simultaneously activate transcription -based antioxidant responses, whose lead 1 showed interesting properties in a preliminary investigation. Relying on the requirements of Aβ recognition, we identified the catechol derivative 12. In SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, 12 combined remarkable free radical scavenger properties to the ability to trigger the Nrf2 pathway and induce the Nrf2 - dependent defensive gene NQO1 by means of electrophilic activation of the transcriptional response. Moreover, 12 prevented the formation of cytotoxic stable oligomeric intermediates, being significantly more effective, and per se less toxic, than prototype 1. More importantly, as different chemical features were exploited to regulate Nrf2 and Aβ activities, the two pathways could be tuned independently. These findings point to compound 12 and its derivatives as promising tools for investigating the therapeutic potential of the Nrf2 / Aβ cellular network, laying foundation for generating new drug leads to confront AD.
28421738	0	9	Targeting	T044	C1159372
28421738	14	18	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28421738	21	41	Amyloid-Beta Liaison	T044	C1149161
28421738	45	64	Alzheimer's Disease	T047	C0002395
28421738	68	85	Rational Approach	T081	C0010998
28421738	86	93	Amyloid	T116,T123	C0002716
28421738	99	108	prominent	T080	C0205402
28421738	109	116	feature	T080	C2348519
28421738	120	139	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28421738	141	143	AD	T047	C0002395
28421738	153	159	linear	T082	C0205132
28421738	160	167	linkage	T080	C0439849
28421738	176	193	amyloid-β peptide	T116	C0078939
28421738	195	197	Aβ	T116	C0078939
28421738	207	220	disease onset	T079	C0277793
28421738	225	236	progression	T046	C0242656
28421738	275	282	context	T078	C0449255
28421738	296	307	partnership	T080	C0439849
28421738	316	318	Aβ	T044	C1510880
28421738	323	336	Nrf2 pathways	T044	C1518762
28421738	340	349	acquiring	T080	C0439661
28421738	350	359	paramount	T080	C0205250
28421738	360	370	importance	T080	C3898777
28421738	395	406	deciphering	T169	C1285553
28421738	411	413	Aβ	T116	C0078939
28421738	424	431	disease	T047	C0012634
28421738	432	439	network	T169	C1882071
28421738	462	465	new	T080	C0205314
28421738	475	497	antiaggregating agents	T121	C0085826
28421738	521	535	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
28421738	536	558	activate transcription	T045	C0162493
28421738	566	577	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28421738	578	587	responses	T040	C0683154
28421738	595	601	lead 1	T121	C1254351
28421738	621	631	properties	T080	C0871161
28421738	637	648	preliminary	T079	C0439611
28421738	679	691	requirements	T033	C0556043
28421738	695	697	Aβ	T116	C0078939
28421738	698	709	recognition	T044	C0599844
28421738	714	724	identified	T080	C0205396
28421738	729	751	catechol derivative 12	T121	C1254351
28421738	756	783	SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells	UnknownType	C0815000
28421738	785	787	12	T121	C1254351
28421738	788	796	combined	T080	C0205195
28421738	808	830	free radical scavenger	T120	C0079381
28421738	831	841	properties	T080	C0871161
28421738	860	867	trigger	T080	C1444748
28421738	872	884	Nrf2 pathway	T044	C1518762
28421738	889	895	induce	T045	C0017391
28421738	900	904	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28421738	907	916	dependent	T169	C3244310
28421738	917	926	defensive	T033	C2164680
28421738	927	936	gene NQO1	T028	C0919428
28421738	949	973	electrophilic activation	T070	C1254365
28421738	981	1005	transcriptional response	T045	C0040649
28421738	1034	1043	formation	T169	C1522492
28421738	1047	1056	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
28421738	1057	1063	stable	T080	C0205360
28421738	1064	1088	oligomeric intermediates	T121	C1254351
28421738	1096	1109	significantly	T078	C0750502
28421738	1110	1114	more	T081	C0205172
28421738	1115	1124	effective	T080	C1704419
28421738	1137	1147	less toxic	T037	C0013221
28421738	1154	1165	prototype 1	T121	C1254351
28421738	1188	1197	different	T080	C1705242
28421738	1198	1215	chemical features	T070	C0243178
28421738	1234	1247	regulate Nrf2	T045	C1523114
28421738	1252	1254	Aβ	T116	C0078939
28421738	1255	1265	activities	T044	C1148560
28421738	1275	1283	pathways	T044	C1704259
28421738	1338	1349	compound 12	T121	C1254351
28421738	1358	1369	derivatives	T121	C1254351
28421738	1411	1422	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28421738	1423	1432	potential	T080	C3245505
28421738	1440	1444	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28421738	1447	1449	Aβ	T116	C0078939
28421738	1450	1458	cellular	T025	C0007634
28421738	1459	1466	network	T169	C1882071
28421738	1490	1500	generating	T052	C3146294
28421738	1505	1515	drug leads	T121	C1254351
28421738	1528	1530	AD	T047	C0002395

28421810|t|Catheter traction and gastric outlet obstruction: a repeated complication of using a Foley catheter for gastrostomy tube replacement
28421810|a|Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a safe procedure and major morbidity is unusual. However, the number of PEG fed patients is increasing all over the world and complications may become more and more frequent. We describe a 73 years old woman with persistent vomit after replacement of the standard PEG tube with a Foley catheter. An upper GI endoscopy showed the catheter pulled into the duodenum causing gastric outlet obstruction. It was removed and replaced by a suitable standard PEG tube, allowing PEG feeding to be resumed. Previous reports pointed the risk of this complication, almost always associated with insertion of a Foley-type catheter. Replacement of PEG tubes should be performed by experienced teams using standard PEG tubes and the use of Foley-type catheters for this purpose should be banned from routine practice.
28421810	0	17	Catheter traction	T074	C0085590
28421810	22	48	gastric outlet obstruction	T047	C0162651
28421810	52	60	repeated	T169	C0205341
28421810	61	73	complication	T046	C0009566
28421810	77	82	using	T169	C1524063
28421810	85	99	Foley catheter	T074	C0179804
28421810	104	132	gastrostomy tube replacement	T061	C0192461
28421810	133	168	Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy	T061	C0176751
28421810	170	173	PEG	T061	C0176751
28421810	185	194	procedure	T061	C0087111
28421810	199	204	major	T080	C0205164
28421810	205	214	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28421810	218	225	unusual	T080	C2700116
28421810	240	246	number	T081	C0237753
28421810	250	253	PEG	T061	C0176751
28421810	258	266	patients	T101	C0030705
28421810	270	280	increasing	T169	C0442808
28421810	285	289	over	T079	C0347984
28421810	294	299	world	T098	C2700280
28421810	304	317	complications	T046	C0009566
28421810	329	333	more	T081	C0205172
28421810	338	342	more	T081	C0205172
28421810	343	351	frequent	T079	C0332183
28421810	367	375	73 years	T079	C0439234
28421810	376	379	old	T079	C0580836
28421810	380	385	woman	T098	C0043210
28421810	391	407	persistent vomit	T184	C0152165
28421810	414	425	replacement	T061	C0192461
28421810	442	450	PEG tube	T074	C2985542
28421810	458	472	Foley catheter	T074	C0179804
28421810	477	495	upper GI endoscopy	T060	C0079304
28421810	507	515	catheter	T074	C0085590
28421810	516	527	pulled into	T033	C0243095
28421810	532	540	duodenum	T023	C0013303
28421810	541	548	causing	T169	C0678227
28421810	549	575	gastric outlet obstruction	T047	C0162651
28421810	584	591	removed	T080	C0849355
28421810	596	607	replaced by	T169	C1299987
28421810	610	618	suitable	T080	C3900053
28421810	619	627	standard	T080	C1442989
28421810	628	636	PEG tube	T074	C2985542
28421810	647	658	PEG feeding	T061	C0558014
28421810	665	672	resumed	T080	C1514902
28421810	674	682	Previous	T079	C0205156
28421810	683	690	reports	T170	C0684224
28421810	703	707	risk	T078	C0035647
28421810	716	728	complication	T046	C0009566
28421810	744	759	associated with	T080	C0332281
28421810	760	769	insertion	T061	C0021107
28421810	775	794	Foley-type catheter	T074	C0179804
28421810	796	807	Replacement	T061	C0035139
28421810	811	820	PEG tubes	T074	C2985542
28421810	831	843	performed by	T080	C1550369
28421810	844	855	experienced	T041	C0596545
28421810	856	861	teams	T080	C0520261
28421810	868	876	standard	T080	C1442989
28421810	877	886	PEG tubes	T074	C2985542
28421810	895	901	use of	T169	C1524063
28421810	902	922	Foley-type catheters	T074	C0179804
28421810	932	939	purpose	T169	C1285529
28421810	950	956	banned	T054	C0683610
28421810	962	969	routine	T080	C0205547
28421810	970	978	practice	T041	C0237607

28421865|t|It's not all about moral reasoning: Understanding the content of Moral Case Deliberation
28421865|a|Moral Case Deliberation is one form of clinical ethics support described as a facilitator -led collective moral reasoning by healthcare professionals on a concrete moral question connected to their practice. Evaluation research is needed, but, as human interaction is difficult to standardise, there is a need to capture the content beyond moral reasoning. This allows for a better understanding of Moral Case Deliberation, which may contribute to further development of valid outcome criteria and stimulate the normative discussion of what Moral Case Deliberation should contain. To explore and compare the content beyond moral reasoning in the dialogue in Moral Case Deliberation at Swedish workplaces. A mixed-methods approach was applied for analysing audio-recordings of 70 periodic Moral Case Deliberation meetings at 10 Swedish workplaces. Moral Case Deliberation facilitators and various healthcare professions participated, with registered nurses comprising the majority. Ethical considerations: No objection to the study was made by an Ethical Review Board. After oral and written information was provided, consent to be recorded was assumed by virtue of participation. Other than ' moral reasoning ' (median (md): 45% of the spoken time), the Moral Case Deliberations consisted of 'reflections on the psychosocial work environment ' to a varying extent (md: 29%). Additional content comprised 'assumptions about the patient's psychosocial situation ' (md: 6%), 'facts about the patient's situation ' (md: 5%), 'concrete problem-solving ' (md: 6%) and ' process ' (md: 3%). The findings suggest that a restorative function of staff's wellbeing in Moral Case Deliberation is needed, as this might contribute to good patient care. This supports outcome criteria of improved emotional support, which may include relief of moral distress. However, facilitators need a strategy for how to proceed from the participants ' own emotional needs and to develop the use of their emotional knowing to focus on the ethically difficult patient situation.
28421865	19	34	moral reasoning	T041	C0026527
28421865	36	49	Understanding	T041	C0162340
28421865	65	88	Moral Case Deliberation	T058	C1254363
28421865	89	112	Moral Case Deliberation	T058	C1254363
28421865	128	143	clinical ethics	T078	C0162365
28421865	167	178	facilitator	T097	C1522486
28421865	195	210	moral reasoning	T041	C0026527
28421865	214	238	healthcare professionals	T097	C0018724
28421865	253	267	moral question	T170	C1522634
28421865	287	295	practice	T057	C0033284
28421865	297	316	Evaluation research	T062	C0015195
28421865	336	341	human	T016	C0086418
28421865	342	353	interaction	T169	C1704675
28421865	429	444	moral reasoning	T041	C0026527
28421865	471	484	understanding	T041	C0162340
28421865	488	511	Moral Case Deliberation	T058	C1254363
28421865	545	556	development	T169	C1527148
28421865	601	621	normative discussion	T054	C2584313
28421865	630	653	Moral Case Deliberation	T058	C1254363
28421865	712	727	moral reasoning	T041	C0026527
28421865	747	770	Moral Case Deliberation	T058	C1254363
28421865	774	781	Swedish	T098	C1710263
28421865	782	792	workplaces	T082	C0162579
28421865	796	818	mixed-methods approach	T170	C0025663
28421865	835	844	analysing	T062	C0936012
28421865	845	861	audio-recordings	T058	C2316646
28421865	877	900	Moral Case Deliberation	T058	C1254363
28421865	901	909	meetings	T052	C0556656
28421865	916	923	Swedish	T098	C1710263
28421865	924	934	workplaces	T082	C0162579
28421865	936	959	Moral Case Deliberation	T058	C1254363
28421865	960	972	facilitators	T097	C1522486
28421865	985	1007	healthcare professions	T097	C0018724
28421865	1008	1020	participated	T169	C0679823
28421865	1027	1044	registered nurses	T097	C0687673
28421865	1070	1077	Ethical	T078	C0026531
28421865	1078	1092	considerations	T033	C0518609
28421865	1094	1106	No objection	T033	C0243095
28421865	1135	1155	Ethical Review Board	T097	C0086911
28421865	1172	1191	written information	T058	C3697199
28421865	1220	1228	recorded	T170	C0034869
28421865	1244	1250	virtue	T078	C0042764
28421865	1254	1267	participation	T169	C0679823
28421865	1282	1297	moral reasoning	T041	C0026527
28421865	1301	1307	median	T081	C0876920
28421865	1309	1311	md	T081	C0876920
28421865	1325	1336	spoken time	T079	C0040223
28421865	1343	1367	Moral Case Deliberations	T058	C1254363
28421865	1401	1418	psychosocial work	T091	C0037443
28421865	1419	1430	environment	UnknownType	C0681793
28421865	1454	1456	md	T081	C0876920
28421865	1516	1525	patient's	T101	C0030705
28421865	1526	1548	psychosocial situation	T080	C0337459
28421865	1552	1554	md	T081	C0876920
28421865	1578	1597	patient's situation	T033	C0449437
28421865	1601	1603	md	T081	C0876920
28421865	1620	1635	problem-solving	T041	C0033211
28421865	1639	1641	md	T081	C0876920
28421865	1653	1660	process	T067	C1522240
28421865	1664	1666	md	T081	C0876920
28421865	1677	1685	findings	T169	C2607943
28421865	1701	1721	restorative function	T169	C0542341
28421865	1725	1732	staff's	T097	C0851286
28421865	1733	1742	wellbeing	T078	C0018684
28421865	1746	1769	Moral Case Deliberation	T058	C1254363
28421865	1814	1826	patient care	T058	C0017313
28421865	1871	1888	emotional support	T058	C0600015
28421865	1918	1932	moral distress	T041	C1828099
28421865	1943	1955	facilitators	T097	C1522486
28421865	2000	2012	participants	T098	C0679646
28421865	2019	2034	emotional needs	T080	C0870484
28421865	2067	2084	emotional knowing	T033	C0849912
28421865	2101	2110	ethically	T078	C0026531
28421865	2121	2138	patient situation	T033	C0449437

28422140|t|The evolutionary history of bears is characterized by gene flow across species
28422140|a|Bears are iconic mammals with a complex evolutionary history. Natural bear hybrids and studies of few nuclear genes indicate that gene flow among bears may be more common than expected and not limited to polar and brown bears. Here we present a genome analysis of the bear family with representatives of all living species. Phylogenomic analyses of 869 mega base pairs divided into 18,621 genome fragments yielded a well-resolved coalescent species tree despite signals for extensive gene flow across species. However, genome analyses using different statistical methods show that gene flow is not limited to closely related species pairs. Strong ancestral gene flow between the Asiatic black bear and the ancestor to polar, brown and American black bear explains uncertainties in reconstructing the bear phylogeny. Gene flow across the bear clade may be mediated by intermediate species such as the geographically wide-spread brown bears leading to large amounts of phylogenetic conflict. Genome-scale analyses lead to a more complete understanding of complex evolutionary processes. Evidence for extensive inter-specific gene flow, found also in other animal species, necessitates shifting the attention from speciation processes achieving genome -wide reproductive isolation to the selective processes that maintain species divergence in the face of gene flow.
28422140	4	24	evolutionary history	T090	C0019664
28422140	28	33	bears	T015	C0004897
28422140	54	63	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28422140	71	78	species	T185	C1705920
28422140	79	84	Bears	T015	C0004897
28422140	96	103	mammals	T015	C0024660
28422140	111	118	complex	T080	C0439855
28422140	119	139	evolutionary history	T090	C0019664
28422140	141	148	Natural	T169	C0205296
28422140	149	153	bear	T015	C0004897
28422140	154	161	hybrids	T001	C0020205
28422140	166	173	studies	T062	C2603343
28422140	181	194	nuclear genes	T028	C0017337
28422140	209	218	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28422140	225	230	bears	T015	C0004897
28422140	243	249	common	T081	C0205214
28422140	283	288	polar	T015	C0325023
28422140	293	304	brown bears	T015	C0004897
28422140	314	321	present	T078	C0449450
28422140	324	339	genome analysis	T059	C3854164
28422140	347	358	bear family	T015	C0004897
28422140	387	401	living species	T185	C1705920
28422140	403	424	Phylogenomic analyses	T062	C0936012
28422140	432	447	mega base pairs	T044	C0600436
28422140	468	474	genome	T028	C0017428
28422140	475	484	fragments	T031	C0486805
28422140	520	532	species tree	T170	C0030761
28422140	553	562	extensive	T080	C0205231
28422140	563	572	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28422140	580	587	species	T185	C1705920
28422140	598	613	genome analyses	T059	C3854164
28422140	630	649	statistical methods	T062	C1710191
28422140	660	669	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28422140	704	711	species	T185	C1705920
28422140	712	717	pairs	T044	C0600436
28422140	726	735	ancestral	T099	C0870134
28422140	736	745	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28422140	758	776	Asiatic black bear	T015	C0325020
28422140	785	793	ancestor	T099	C0870134
28422140	797	802	polar	T015	C0325023
28422140	804	809	brown	T015	C0004897
28422140	814	833	American black bear	T015	C0325019
28422140	843	856	uncertainties	T033	C0087130
28422140	879	883	bear	T015	C0004897
28422140	884	893	phylogeny	T078	C0031797
28422140	895	904	Gene flow	T045	C1565556
28422140	916	926	bear clade	T015	C0004897
28422140	946	958	intermediate	T082	C0205103
28422140	959	966	species	T185	C1705920
28422140	979	993	geographically	UnknownType	C0681784
28422140	1006	1017	brown bears	T015	C0004897
28422140	1046	1058	phylogenetic	T080	C1519069
28422140	1059	1067	conflict	T055	C0009671
28422140	1069	1090	Genome-scale analyses	T059	C3854164
28422140	1106	1114	complete	T080	C0205197
28422140	1132	1139	complex	T080	C0439855
28422140	1164	1172	Evidence	T078	C3887511
28422140	1177	1186	extensive	T080	C0205231
28422140	1202	1211	gene flow	T045	C1565556
28422140	1233	1247	animal species	T185	C1705920
28422140	1290	1300	speciation	T070	C1563692
28422140	1321	1327	genome	T028	C0017428
28422140	1334	1356	reproductive isolation	T070	C3178896
28422140	1398	1405	species	T185	C1705920
28422140	1406	1416	divergence	T082	C0443204
28422140	1406	1416	divergence	T082	C0443204
28422140	1432	1441	gene flow	T045	C1565556

28422693|t|Singularities of Three - Layered Complex-Valued Neural Networks With Split Activation Function
28422693|a|There are three important concepts related to learning processes in neural networks: reducibility, nonminimality, and singularity. Although the definitions of these three concepts differ, they are equivalent in real-valued neural networks. This is also true of complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) with hidden neurons not employing biases. The situation of CVNNs with hidden neurons employing biases, however, is very complicated. Exceptional reducibility was found, and it was shown that reducibility and nonminimality are not the same. Irreducibility consists of minimality and exceptional reducibility. The relationship between minimality and singularity has not yet been established. In this paper, we describe our surprising finding that minimality and singularity are independent. We also provide several examples based on exceptional reducibility.
28422693	0	13	Singularities	T081	C0205171
28422693	17	22	Three	T081	C0205449
28422693	25	32	Layered	T078	C1254370
28422693	33	47	Complex-Valued	T080	C0439855
28422693	48	63	Neural Networks	T040	C0598941
28422693	69	74	Split	T169	C1534709
28422693	75	85	Activation	T052	C1879547
28422693	86	94	Function	T169	C0542341
28422693	105	110	three	T081	C0205449
28422693	111	120	important	T080	C3898777
28422693	121	129	concepts	T078	C0178566
28422693	141	149	learning	T041	C0023185
28422693	150	159	processes	T067	C1522240
28422693	163	178	neural networks	T040	C0598941
28422693	180	192	reducibility	T080	C0392756
28422693	194	207	nonminimality	T080	C0205556
28422693	213	224	singularity	T081	C0205171
28422693	239	250	definitions	T170	C1704788
28422693	260	265	three	T081	C0205449
28422693	266	274	concepts	T078	C0178566
28422693	275	281	differ	T080	C1705242
28422693	292	302	equivalent	T080	C0205163
28422693	306	317	real-valued	T080	C0205238
28422693	318	333	neural networks	T040	C0598941
28422693	356	370	complex-valued	T080	C0439855
28422693	371	386	neural networks	T040	C0598941
28422693	388	393	CVNNs	T040	C0598941
28422693	400	406	hidden	T080	C0205262
28422693	407	414	neurons	T025	C0027882
28422693	419	428	employing	T169	C0457083
28422693	429	435	biases	T078	C0242568
28422693	441	450	situation	T169	C1442792
28422693	454	459	CVNNs	T040	C0598941
28422693	465	471	hidden	T080	C0205262
28422693	472	479	neurons	T025	C0027882
28422693	480	489	employing	T169	C0457083
28422693	490	496	biases	T078	C0242568
28422693	515	526	complicated	T169	C0231242
28422693	528	539	Exceptional	T077	C1705847
28422693	540	552	reducibility	T080	C0392756
28422693	557	562	found	T033	C0150312
28422693	586	598	reducibility	T080	C0392756
28422693	603	616	nonminimality	T080	C0205556
28422693	635	649	Irreducibility	T169	C0205270
28422693	662	672	minimality	T080	C0547040
28422693	677	688	exceptional	T077	C1705847
28422693	689	701	reducibility	T080	C0392756
28422693	707	719	relationship	T080	C0439849
28422693	728	738	minimality	T080	C0547040
28422693	743	754	singularity	T081	C0205171
28422693	772	783	established	T080	C0443211
28422693	827	834	finding	T033	C0243095
28422693	840	850	minimality	T080	C0547040
28422693	855	866	singularity	T081	C0205171
28422693	871	882	independent	T078	C0085862
28422693	892	899	provide	T052	C1999230
28422693	900	907	several	T081	C0443302
28422693	908	916	examples	T077	C1707959
28422693	917	922	based	T169	C1527178
28422693	926	937	exceptional	T077	C1705847
28422693	938	950	reducibility	T080	C0392756

28422945|t|Growth pattern and final height of very preterm versus very low birth weight infants
28422945|a|Both very preterm (VP; i.e., gestational age <32 weeks) and very low birth weight (VLBW; i.e., birth weight <1,500 grams) are used as inclusion criteria by studies on preterm birth. We aimed to quantify the impact of these entities on postnatal growth until final height. Subjects born VP and/or with VLBW from the Project On Preterm and Small-for-gestational-age infants cohort were classified as: (1) VP+/VLBW+ (n=495), (2) VP+/VLBW- (n=207) or (3) VP-/VLBW + (n=296) infants. Anthropometric data were collected at birth, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months corrected age, and at 5 and 19 years. At 19 years, 590/998 (59%) of the subjects enrolled in 1983 were followed up. Birth size was smallest in the VP-/VLBW+ group compared to the VP+/VLBW+ and VP+/VLBW- groups. During childhood, length, weight and head circumference SD - scores increased in the VP-VLBW+ group, while SD - scores in the VP+/VLBW+ and VP+/VLBW- groups remained stable or decreased. Despite catch-up growth, VP-/VLBW+ infants remained the shortest and lightest at age 19. Classification according to VP and VLBW impacts growth, causing different growth patterns for infants born VP+/VLBW+, VP+/VLBW- or VP-/VLBW+. For future studies we recommend, at least for industrialized countries, including preterm infants based on gestational age .Pediatric Research accepted article preview online, 19 April 2017. doi:10.1038/pr.2017.63.
28422945	0	14	Growth pattern	T033	C1156245
28422945	19	24	final	T079	C3853528
28422945	25	31	height	T032	C0489786
28422945	35	47	very preterm	T100	C3897192
28422945	55	84	very low birth weight infants	T047	C0282667
28422945	90	102	very preterm	T100	C3897192
28422945	104	106	VP	T100	C3897192
28422945	114	129	gestational age	T032	C0017504
28422945	134	139	weeks	T079	C0439230
28422945	145	166	very low birth weight	T047	C0282667
28422945	168	172	VLBW	T047	C0282667
28422945	180	192	birth weight	T032	C0005612
28422945	219	228	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28422945	229	237	criteria	T078	C0243161
28422945	241	248	studies	T062	C2603343
28422945	252	265	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
28422945	270	275	aimed	T078	C1947946
28422945	279	287	quantify	T081	C1709793
28422945	292	298	impact	T080	C4049986
28422945	308	316	entities	T071	C1551338
28422945	320	336	postnatal growth	T040	C0243109
28422945	343	348	final	T079	C3853528
28422945	349	355	height	T032	C0489786
28422945	357	365	Subjects	T098	C0080105
28422945	366	370	born	T040	C0005615
28422945	371	373	VP	T100	C3897192
28422945	386	390	VLBW	T047	C0282667
28422945	400	407	Project	T077	C1709701
28422945	411	418	Preterm	T100	C4048294
28422945	423	456	Small-for-gestational-age infants	T047	C0021296
28422945	457	463	cohort	T098	C0599755
28422945	469	479	classified	T185	C0008902
28422945	488	497	VP+/VLBW+	UnknownType	C0745272
28422945	511	520	VP+/VLBW-	T100	C3897192
28422945	536	544	VP-/VLBW	T047	C0282667
28422945	555	562	infants	T100	C0021270
28422945	564	583	Anthropometric data	T081	C0815129
28422945	602	607	birth	T040	C0005615
28422945	625	631	months	T079	C0439231
28422945	632	645	corrected age	T032	C3831006
28422945	663	668	years	T079	C0439234
28422945	676	681	years	T079	C0439234
28422945	704	712	subjects	T098	C0080105
28422945	735	746	followed up	T058	C1522577
28422945	748	758	Birth size	T033	C4314701
28422945	763	771	smallest	T081	C2700395
28422945	779	794	VP-/VLBW+ group	UnknownType	C0681860
28422945	811	820	VP+/VLBW+	UnknownType	C0681860
28422945	825	841	VP+/VLBW- groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28422945	850	859	childhood	T079	C0231335
28422945	861	867	length	T032	C0005890
28422945	869	875	weight	T032	C0005910
28422945	880	898	head circumference	T201	C0262499
28422945	899	901	SD	T081	C0871420
28422945	904	910	scores	T081	C0449820
28422945	911	920	increased	T081	C0205217
28422945	928	942	VP-VLBW+ group	UnknownType	C0681860
28422945	950	952	SD	T081	C0871420
28422945	955	961	scores	T081	C0449820
28422945	969	978	VP+/VLBW+	UnknownType	C0681860
28422945	983	999	VP+/VLBW- groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28422945	1009	1015	stable	T080	C0205360
28422945	1019	1028	decreased	T080	C0392756
28422945	1038	1053	catch-up growth	T040	C0018270
28422945	1055	1072	VP-/VLBW+ infants	T100	C0021270
28422945	1086	1094	shortest	T081	C1806781
28422945	1099	1107	lightest	T033	C0243095
28422945	1111	1114	age	T032	C0001779
28422945	1119	1133	Classification	T185	C0008902
28422945	1147	1149	VP	T100	C3897192
28422945	1154	1158	VLBW	T047	C0282667
28422945	1159	1166	impacts	T080	C4049986
28422945	1167	1173	growth	T040	C0018270
28422945	1193	1208	growth patterns	T033	C1156245
28422945	1213	1220	infants	T100	C0021270
28422945	1221	1225	born	T040	C0005615
28422945	1226	1235	VP+/VLBW+	UnknownType	C0745272
28422945	1237	1246	VP+/VLBW-	T100	C3897192
28422945	1250	1259	VP-/VLBW+	T047	C0282667
28422945	1272	1279	studies	T062	C2603343
28422945	1307	1331	industrialized countries	T080	C0282613
28422945	1343	1358	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28422945	1368	1383	gestational age	T032	C0017504

28423032|t|Complete study demonstrating the absence of rhabdovirus in a distinct Sf9 cell line
28423032|a|A putative novel rhabdovirus (SfRV) was previously identified in a Spodoptera frugiperda cell line (Sf9 cells [ATCC CRL-1711 lot 58078522]) by next generation sequencing and extensive bioinformatic analysis. We performed an extensive analysis of our Sf9 cell bank (ATCC CRL-1711 lot 5814 [Sf9L5814]) to determine whether this virus was already present in cells obtained from ATCC in 1987. Inverse PCR of DNA isolated from Sf9 L5814 cellular DNA revealed integration of SfRV sequences in the cellular genome. RT-PCR of total RNA showed a deletion of 320 nucleotides in the SfRV RNA that includes the transcriptional motifs for genes X and L. Concentrated cell culture supernatant was analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and revealed a single band at a density of 1.14 g/ml. This fraction was further analysed by electron microscopy and showed amorphous and particulate debris that did not resemble a rhabdovirus in morphology or size. SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed that the protein composition did not contain the typical five rhabdovirus structural proteins and LC-MS/MS analysis revealed primarily of exosomal marker proteins, the SfRV N protein, and truncated forms of SfRV N, P, and G proteins. The SfRV L gene fragment RNA sequence was recovered from the supernatant after ultracentrifugation of the 1.14 g/ml fraction treated with diethyl ether suggesting that the SfRV L gene fragment sequence is not associated with a diethyl ether resistant nucleocapsid. Interestingly, the 1.14 g/ml fraction was able to transfer baculovirus DNA into Sf9L5814 cells, consistent with the presence of functional exosomes. Our results demonstrate the absence of viral particles in ATCC CRL-1711 lot 5814 Sf9 cells in contrast to a previous study that suggested the presence of infectious rhabdoviral particles in Sf9 cells from a different lot. This study highlights how cell lines with different lineages may present different virosomes and therefore no general conclusions can be drawn across Sf9 cells from different laboratories.
28423032	0	8	Complete	T080	C0205197
28423032	9	14	study	T062	C2603343
28423032	33	40	absence	T169	C0332197
28423032	44	55	rhabdovirus	T005	C0035414
28423032	70	83	Sf9 cell line	T025	C0597447
28423032	101	112	rhabdovirus	T005	C0035414
28423032	114	118	SfRV	T005	C0035414
28423032	135	145	identified	T080	C0205396
28423032	151	182	Spodoptera frugiperda cell line	T025	C0599415
28423032	184	193	Sf9 cells	T025	C3494245
28423032	195	221	ATCC CRL-1711 lot 58078522	T025	C3494245
28423032	227	253	next generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
28423032	258	267	extensive	T080	C0205231
28423032	268	281	bioinformatic	T091	C1140694
28423032	282	290	analysis	T062	C0936012
28423032	308	317	extensive	T080	C0205231
28423032	318	326	analysis	T062	C0936012
28423032	334	337	Sf9	T025	C3494245
28423032	338	347	cell bank	T073,T170	C0920429
28423032	349	371	ATCC CRL-1711 lot 5814	T025	C3494245
28423032	373	381	Sf9L5814	T025	C3494245
28423032	410	415	virus	T005	C0042776
28423032	428	435	present	T033	C0150312
28423032	439	444	cells	T025	C0007634
28423032	445	453	obtained	T169	C1301820
28423032	459	463	ATCC	T092	C0598079
28423032	473	484	Inverse PCR	T059,T063	C0079639
28423032	488	491	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28423032	492	500	isolated	T169	C0205409
28423032	506	524	Sf9 L5814 cellular	T025	C3494245
28423032	525	528	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28423032	529	537	revealed	T080	C0443289
28423032	538	549	integration	T045	C1158478
28423032	553	557	SfRV	T005	C0035414
28423032	558	567	sequences	T086	C0162326
28423032	575	583	cellular	T025	C0007634
28423032	584	590	genome	T028	C0017428
28423032	592	598	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28423032	608	611	RNA	T114	C0035668
28423032	621	629	deletion	T045	C2753464
28423032	637	648	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
28423032	656	660	SfRV	T005	C0035414
28423032	661	664	RNA	T114	C0035668
28423032	683	698	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28423032	699	705	motifs	T086	C3178796
28423032	710	723	genes X and L	T028	C0017337
28423032	738	750	cell culture	T059	C0007585
28423032	751	762	supernatant	T031	C1550101
28423032	779	818	sucrose density gradient centrifugation	T059	C0201799
28423032	823	831	revealed	T080	C0443289
28423032	878	886	fraction	T081	C1264633
28423032	911	930	electron microscopy	T059	C0026019
28423032	942	951	amorphous	T080	C1979848
28423032	956	967	particulate	T167	C0457784
28423032	968	974	debris	T167	C0440266
28423032	984	987	not	T169	C1518422
28423032	988	996	resemble	T080	C0205556
28423032	999	1010	rhabdovirus	T005	C0035414
28423032	1014	1024	morphology	T080	C0332437
28423032	1028	1032	size	T082	C0456389
28423032	1034	1051	SDS-PAGE analysis	T059,T062	C0600209
28423032	1071	1078	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28423032	1079	1090	composition	T201	C0486616
28423032	1095	1098	not	T169	C1518422
28423032	1124	1135	rhabdovirus	T005	C0035414
28423032	1136	1155	structural proteins	T116,T123	C0582263
28423032	1160	1177	LC-MS/MS analysis	T059	C0872318
28423032	1178	1186	revealed	T080	C0443289
28423032	1187	1196	primarily	T080	C0205225
28423032	1200	1208	exosomal	T026	C2350332
28423032	1209	1224	marker proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28423032	1230	1234	SfRV	T005	C0035414
28423032	1235	1244	N protein	T116,T123	C0524816
28423032	1250	1259	truncated	T044	C1514568
28423032	1269	1273	SfRV	T005	C0035414
28423032	1274	1275	N	T116,T123	C0524816
28423032	1277	1278	P	T116,T123	C0031689
28423032	1284	1294	G proteins	T116,T126	C0086376
28423032	1300	1304	SfRV	T005	C0035414
28423032	1305	1320	L gene fragment	T028	C0017337
28423032	1321	1333	RNA sequence	T086	C0162327
28423032	1338	1352	recovered from	T080	C0521108
28423032	1357	1368	supernatant	T031	C1550101
28423032	1375	1394	ultracentrifugation	T059	C0041609
28423032	1412	1420	fraction	T081	C1264633
28423032	1434	1447	diethyl ether	T109,T121	C0014994
28423032	1468	1472	SfRV	T005	C0035414
28423032	1473	1488	L gene fragment	T028	C0017337
28423032	1489	1497	sequence	T086	C0314659
28423032	1501	1504	not	T169	C1518422
28423032	1505	1520	associated with	T080	C0332281
28423032	1523	1536	diethyl ether	T109,T121	C0014994
28423032	1537	1546	resistant	T169	C0332325
28423032	1547	1559	nucleocapsid	T114,T116,T123	C0178774
28423032	1590	1598	fraction	T081	C1264633
28423032	1611	1619	transfer	T169	C1705822
28423032	1620	1631	baculovirus	T005	C0935640
28423032	1632	1635	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28423032	1641	1655	Sf9L5814 cells	T025	C3494245
28423032	1657	1672	consistent with	T080	C1524057
28423032	1677	1685	presence	T033	C0150312
28423032	1689	1699	functional	T169	C0205245
28423032	1700	1708	exosomes	T026	C2350332
28423032	1738	1745	absence	T169	C0332197
28423032	1749	1764	viral particles	T026	C0042760
28423032	1768	1790	ATCC CRL-1711 lot 5814	T025	C3494245
28423032	1791	1800	Sf9 cells	T025	C3494245
28423032	1804	1812	contrast	T080	C1979874
28423032	1827	1832	study	T062	C2603343
28423032	1864	1874	infectious	T080	C1550587
28423032	1875	1896	rhabdoviral particles	T026	C0042760
28423032	1900	1909	Sf9 cells	T025	C3494245
28423032	1917	1926	different	T080	C1705242
28423032	1927	1930	lot	T080	C1518000
28423032	1937	1942	study	T062	C2603343
28423032	1958	1968	cell lines	T025	C0007634
28423032	1974	1983	different	T080	C1705242
28423032	1984	1992	lineages	T077	C1881379
28423032	1997	2004	present	T033	C0150312
28423032	2005	2014	different	T080	C1705242
28423032	2015	2024	virosomes	T116,T121	C0887910
28423032	2050	2061	conclusions	T078	C1707478
28423032	2082	2091	Sf9 cells	T025	C3494245
28423032	2107	2119	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877

28423778|t|Developing Healthcare Data Analytics APPs with Open Data Science Tools
28423778|a|Recent advances in big data analytics provide more flexible, efficient, and open tools for researchers to gain insight from healthcare data. Whilst many tools require researchers to develop programs with programming languages like Python, R and so on, which is not a skill set grasped by many researchers in the healthcare data analytics area. To make data science more approachable, we explored existing tools and developed a practice that can help data scientists convert existing analytics pipelines to user-friendly analytics APPs with rich interactions and features of real-time analysis. With this practice, data scientists can develop customized analytics pipelines as APPs in Jupyter Notebook and disseminate them to other researchers easily, and researchers can benefit from the shared notebook to perform analysis tasks or reproduce research results much more easily.
28423778	11	21	Healthcare	T058	C0086388
28423778	22	41	Data Analytics APPs	T170	C3658303
28423778	47	70	Open Data Science Tools	T170	C0037589
28423778	94	108	data analytics	T057	C0010992
28423778	122	130	flexible	T080	C0443220
28423778	132	141	efficient	T080	C0442799
28423778	147	157	open tools	T170	C0037589
28423778	162	173	researchers	T097	C0035173
28423778	195	210	healthcare data	T170	C0242356
28423778	224	229	tools	T170	C0037589
28423778	238	249	researchers	T097	C0035173
28423778	261	269	programs	T169	C3484370
28423778	275	296	programming languages	T170	C0033348
28423778	302	308	Python	T170	C0033348
28423778	310	311	R	T170	C2347745
28423778	364	375	researchers	T097	C0035173
28423778	383	393	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28423778	394	408	data analytics	T057	C0010992
28423778	423	435	data science	T066	C1328866
28423778	476	481	tools	T170	C0037589
28423778	521	536	data scientists	T097	C0402112
28423778	554	573	analytics pipelines	T170	C0282574
28423778	591	605	analytics APPs	T170	C3658303
28423778	616	628	interactions	T169	C1704675
28423778	633	641	features	T080	C2348519
28423778	645	663	real-time analysis	T062	C0936012
28423778	685	700	data scientists	T097	C0402112
28423778	724	743	analytics pipelines	T170	C0282574
28423778	747	751	APPs	T170	C3658303
28423778	755	771	Jupyter Notebook	T170	C3873720
28423778	776	787	disseminate	T082	C0205221
28423778	802	813	researchers	T097	C0035173
28423778	826	837	researchers	T097	C0035173
28423778	866	874	notebook	T170	C3873720
28423778	886	894	analysis	T062	C0936012
28423778	914	930	research results	T033	C0683954

28423855|t|EHR Improvement Using Incident Reports
28423855|a|This paper discusses reactive improvement of clinical software using methods for incident analysis. We used the "Five Whys" method because we had only descriptive data and depended on a domain expert for the analysis. The analysis showed that there are two major root causes for EHR software failure, and that they are related to human and organizational errors. A main identified improvement is allocating more resources to system maintenance and user training.
28423855	0	3	EHR	T073	C4035898
28423855	4	15	Improvement	T077	C2986411
28423855	22	38	Incident Reports	T058	C0178896
28423855	60	68	reactive	T080	C0205332
28423855	69	80	improvement	T077	C2986411
28423855	84	92	clinical	T080	C0205210
28423855	93	101	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28423855	108	115	methods	T170	C0025663
28423855	120	128	incident	T067	C1551358
28423855	129	137	analysis	T062	C0936012
28423855	151	169	"Five Whys" method	T170	C0025663
28423855	190	206	descriptive data	T078	C1511726
28423855	211	219	depended	T169	C3244310
28423855	225	238	domain expert	T057	C0015325
28423855	247	255	analysis	T062	C0936012
28423855	261	269	analysis	T062	C0936012
28423855	292	295	two	T081	C0205448
28423855	302	313	root causes	T033	C0566251
28423855	318	321	EHR	T073	C4035898
28423855	322	330	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28423855	331	338	failure	T169	C0231175
28423855	369	374	human	T016	C0086418
28423855	379	393	organizational	T080	C0220885
28423855	394	400	errors	T080	C0743559
28423855	409	419	identified	T080	C0205396
28423855	420	431	improvement	T077	C2986411
28423855	451	460	resources	T078	C0035201
28423855	464	482	system maintenance	T169	C1883060
28423855	487	500	user training	T065	C0009616

28424061|t|Young people, mental health practitioners and researchers co-produce a Transition Preparation Programme to improve outcomes and experience for young people leaving Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS)
28424061|a|In the UK young people attending child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) are required to move on, either through discharge or referral to an adult service, at age 17/18, a period of increased risk for onset of mental health problems and other complex psychosocial and physical changes. CAMHS transitions are often poorly managed with negative outcomes for young people. Better preparation may improve outcomes and experience. This study aimed to co-produce, with young people who had transitioned or were facing transition from CAMHS, a CAMHS Transition Preparation Programme (TPP), deliverable in routine NHS settings. Eighteen young people, aged 17-22, from three UK National Health Service (NHS) mental health foundation trusts participated in creative, participatory research workshops. Seven parents completed short questionnaires. Thirty clinical staff from two trusts took part in workshops to ensure deliverability of young people's ideas. Young people were offered co-research opportunities. Most young people felt anxious, fearful and uncertain on leaving CAMHS and perceived mental health services as uncaring. Participants outlined transition procedures and drafted a range of preparation activities, centred around dedicated Transition Peer Support and a transition booklet, which should be offered to all CAMHS leavers, irrespective of discharge or transfer to an adult service. Preparation should aim to build confidence to help young people take responsibility for themselves and flourish in the adult world: coping or getting through it was not enough. Some clinicians also felt anxious at transition and recognised the potential impact on young people of poor communication and lack of understanding between services. Parents would appreciate help to support their offspring during the transition period. Clinicians cited lack of funding and inflexible NHS procedures and policies as potential barriers to the implementation of young people's ideas. Nine young people took up co-research opportunities. Mental health services underestimate the anxiety of CAMHS leavers. Young people have clear ideas about the preparation they require to leave CAMHS with the confidence to take responsibility for their own health care. Close collaboration of NHS staff and researchers facilitates the implementation of research findings.
28424061	0	5	Young	T079	C0332239
28424061	6	12	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	14	27	mental health	T041	C0025353
28424061	28	41	practitioners	T097	C1306754
28424061	46	57	researchers	T097	C0035173
28424061	71	103	Transition Preparation Programme	T170	C0282574
28424061	115	123	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28424061	128	138	experience	T041	C0596545
28424061	143	148	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	149	155	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	164	207	Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services	T058	C0025355
28424061	209	214	CAMHS	T058	C0025355
28424061	223	225	UK	T083	C0041700
28424061	226	231	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	232	238	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	249	292	child and adolescent mental health services	T058	C0025355
28424061	294	299	CAMHS	T058	C0025355
28424061	341	350	discharge	T079	C1548175
28424061	354	365	referral to	T058	C2585021
28424061	369	382	adult service	T058	C0025355
28424061	387	390	age	T032	C0001779
28424061	400	406	period	T079	C1948053
28424061	410	419	increased	T081	C0205217
28424061	420	424	risk	T078	C0035647
28424061	429	437	onset of	T080	C0332162
28424061	438	460	mental health problems	T033	C1446377
28424061	471	478	complex	T080	C0439855
28424061	479	491	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
28424061	496	504	physical	T169	C0205485
28424061	505	512	changes	T169	C0392747
28424061	514	519	CAMHS	T058	C0025355
28424061	520	531	transitions	T052	C2700061
28424061	562	570	negative	T033	C0205160
28424061	571	579	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28424061	584	589	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	590	596	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	605	616	preparation	T052	C1521827
28424061	629	637	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28424061	642	652	experience	T041	C0596545
28424061	659	664	study	T062	C0008972
28424061	691	696	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	697	703	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	712	724	transitioned	T052	C2700061
28424061	740	750	transition	T052	C2700061
28424061	756	761	CAMHS	T058	C0025355
28424061	765	770	CAMHS	T058	C0025355
28424061	771	803	Transition Preparation Programme	T170	C0282574
28424061	805	808	TPP	T170	C0282574
28424061	826	833	routine	T080	C0205547
28424061	834	837	NHS	T058	C0027462
28424061	857	862	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	863	869	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	894	896	UK	T083	C0041700
28424061	897	920	National Health Service	T058	C0027462
28424061	922	925	NHS	T058	C0027462
28424061	985	1017	participatory research workshops	T065	C0242262
28424061	1025	1032	parents	T099	C0030551
28424061	1049	1063	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28424061	1072	1086	clinical staff	T097	C0025106
28424061	1116	1125	workshops	T065	C0242262
28424061	1154	1159	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	1160	1168	people's	T098	C0027361
28424061	1169	1174	ideas	T078	C1254370
28424061	1176	1181	Young	T079	C0332239
28424061	1182	1188	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	1202	1227	co-research opportunities	T062	C0683937
28424061	1234	1239	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	1240	1246	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	1252	1259	anxious	T033	C0003467
28424061	1261	1268	fearful	T041	C0015726
28424061	1294	1299	CAMHS	T058	C0025355
28424061	1304	1313	perceived	T041	C0030971
28424061	1314	1336	mental health services	T058	C0025355
28424061	1350	1362	Participants	T098	C0679646
28424061	1372	1382	transition	T052	C2700061
28424061	1383	1393	procedures	T169	C2700391
28424061	1417	1439	preparation activities	T052	C0441655
28424061	1466	1476	Transition	T052	C2700061
28424061	1477	1489	Peer Support	T061	C0679740
28424061	1496	1506	transition	T052	C2700061
28424061	1507	1514	booklet	T073,T170	C0030258
28424061	1547	1552	CAMHS	T058	C0025355
28424061	1553	1560	leavers	T098	C1257890
28424061	1578	1587	discharge	T079	C1548175
28424061	1591	1599	transfer	T078	C3244299
28424061	1606	1619	adult service	T058	C0025355
28424061	1621	1632	Preparation	T052	C1521827
28424061	1653	1663	confidence	T041	C1704726
28424061	1672	1677	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	1678	1684	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	1690	1704	responsibility	T055	C0678341
28424061	1740	1745	adult	T100	C0001675
28424061	1746	1751	world	T098	C2700280
28424061	1803	1813	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28424061	1824	1831	anxious	T033	C0003467
28424061	1835	1845	transition	T052	C2700061
28424061	1875	1881	impact	T080	C4049986
28424061	1885	1890	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	1891	1897	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	1906	1919	communication	T054	C0009452
28424061	1924	1928	lack	T080	C0332268
28424061	1954	1962	services	T058	C0025355
28424061	1964	1971	Parents	T099	C0030551
28424061	1997	2004	support	T054	C0037438
28424061	2011	2020	offspring	T099	C0680063
28424061	2032	2042	transition	T052	C2700061
28424061	2043	2049	period	T079	C1948053
28424061	2051	2061	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
28424061	2068	2072	lack	T080	C0332268
28424061	2099	2102	NHS	T058	C0027462
28424061	2103	2113	procedures	T169	C2700391
28424061	2118	2126	policies	T170	C0242456
28424061	2140	2148	barriers	T080	C0205556
28424061	2156	2170	implementation	T052	C1708476
28424061	2174	2179	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	2180	2188	people's	T098	C0027361
28424061	2189	2194	ideas	T078	C1254370
28424061	2201	2206	young	T079	C0332239
28424061	2207	2213	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	2222	2247	co-research opportunities	T062	C0683937
28424061	2249	2271	Mental health services	T058	C0025355
28424061	2290	2297	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28424061	2301	2306	CAMHS	T058	C0025355
28424061	2307	2314	leavers	T098	C1257890
28424061	2316	2321	Young	T079	C0332239
28424061	2322	2328	people	T098	C0027361
28424061	2340	2345	ideas	T078	C1254370
28424061	2356	2367	preparation	T052	C1521827
28424061	2390	2395	CAMHS	T058	C0025355
28424061	2405	2415	confidence	T041	C1704726
28424061	2424	2438	responsibility	T055	C0678341
28424061	2453	2464	health care	T058	C0086388
28424061	2472	2485	collaboration	T054	C0282116
28424061	2489	2492	NHS	T058	C0027462
28424061	2493	2498	staff	T097	C0851286
28424061	2503	2514	researchers	T097	C0035173
28424061	2531	2545	implementation	T052	C1708476
28424061	2549	2557	research	T062	C0035168
28424061	2558	2566	findings	T169	C2607943

28424240|t|The Histone Acetyltransferase Gcn5 Positively Regulates T Cell Activation
28424240|a|Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) regulate inducible transcription in multiple cellular processes and during inflammatory and immune response. However, the functions of general control nonrepressed-protein 5 (Gcn5), an evolutionarily conserved HAT from yeast to human, in immune regulation remain unappreciated. In this study, we conditionally deleted Gcn5 (encoded by the Kat2a gene) specifically in T lymphocytes by crossing floxed Gcn5 and Lck-Cre mice, and demonstrated that Gcn5 plays important roles in multiple stages of T cell functions including development, clonal expansion, and differentiation. Loss of Gcn5 functions impaired T cell proliferation, IL-2 production, and Th1 / Th17, but not Th2 and regulatory T cell differentiation. Gcn5 is recruited onto the il-2 promoter by interacting with the NFAT in T cells upon TCR stimulation. Interestingly, instead of directly acetylating NFAT, Gcn5 catalyzes histone H3 lysine H9 acetylation to promote IL-2 production. T cell -specific suppression of Gcn5 partially protected mice from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein - induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an experimental model for human multiple sclerosis. Our study reveals previously unknown physiological functions for Gcn5 and a molecular mechanism underlying these functions in regulating T cell immunity. Hence Gcn5 may be an important new target for autoimmune disease therapy.
28424240	4	34	Histone Acetyltransferase Gcn5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	35	73	Positively Regulates T Cell Activation	T043	C1326165
28424240	74	100	Histone acetyltransferases	T116,T126	C0062773
28424240	102	106	HATs	T116,T126	C0062773
28424240	108	140	regulate inducible transcription	T045	C1158770
28424240	144	152	multiple	T081	C0439064
28424240	153	171	cellular processes	T043	C1325880
28424240	183	195	inflammatory	T046	C1155266
28424240	200	215	immune response	T042	C0301872
28424240	230	239	functions	T044	C1527118
28424240	243	281	general control nonrepressed-protein 5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	283	287	Gcn5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	318	321	HAT	T116,T126	C0062773
28424240	327	332	yeast	T004	C0043393
28424240	336	341	human	T016	C0086418
28424240	346	363	immune regulation	T040	C1327458
28424240	394	399	study	T062	C0008972
28424240	418	425	deleted	T045	C0017260
28424240	426	430	Gcn5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	432	439	encoded	T052	C2700640
28424240	447	457	Kat2a gene	T028	C1415020
28424240	475	488	T lymphocytes	T025	C0039194
28424240	492	500	crossing	T045	C0010366
28424240	501	512	floxed Gcn5	T028	C1415020
28424240	517	524	Lck-Cre	T028	C0919477
28424240	525	529	mice	T015	C0025929
28424240	553	557	Gcn5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	564	579	important roles	T077	C1705810
28424240	592	598	stages	T079	C1306673
28424240	602	618	T cell functions	T043	C0007613
28424240	629	640	development	T043	C0815089
28424240	642	658	clonal expansion	T046	C1516670
28424240	664	679	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28424240	681	688	Loss of	T033	C0243095
28424240	689	693	Gcn5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	704	733	impaired T cell proliferation	T049	C4022557
28424240	735	750	IL-2 production	T040	C1819447
28424240	756	759	Th1	T025	C0242632
28424240	762	766	Th17	T025	C2936411
28424240	776	779	Th2	T025	C0242633
28424240	784	817	regulatory T cell differentiation	T043	C1155041
28424240	819	823	Gcn5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	846	850	il-2	T028	C0879590
28424240	851	859	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28424240	863	874	interacting	T169	C1704675
28424240	884	888	NFAT	T116,T123	C0288011
28424240	892	899	T cells	T025	C0039194
28424240	905	908	TCR	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
28424240	905	920	TCR stimulation	T044	C2259054
28424240	957	968	acetylating	T044	C0001038
28424240	969	973	NFAT	T116,T123	C0288011
28424240	975	979	Gcn5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	980	989	catalyzes	T070	C0007382
28424240	990	1022	histone H3 lysine H9 acetylation	T044	C2613321
28424240	1026	1033	promote	T052	C0033414
28424240	1034	1049	IL-2 production	T040	C1819447
28424240	1051	1057	T cell	T025	C0039194
28424240	1068	1079	suppression	T169	C1260953
28424240	1083	1087	Gcn5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	1108	1112	mice	T015	C0025929
28424240	1118	1153	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0069428
28424240	1156	1163	induced	T169	C0205263
28424240	1164	1205	experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis	T050	C0014072
28424240	1210	1228	experimental model	T170	C0086272
28424240	1233	1238	human	T016	C0086418
28424240	1239	1257	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
28424240	1269	1276	reveals	T080	C0443289
28424240	1296	1319	physiological functions	T039	C1254359
28424240	1324	1328	Gcn5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	1335	1354	molecular mechanism	T044	C3537153
28424240	1372	1381	functions	T044	C1527118
28424240	1385	1411	regulating T cell immunity	T038	C1818823
28424240	1419	1423	Gcn5	T116,T123	C1571486
28424240	1459	1477	autoimmune disease	T047	C0004364
28424240	1478	1485	therapy	T061	C0087111

28424384|t|Minor physical anomalies and dermatoglyphic signs in affective disorders: A systematic review
28424384|a|The increased prevalence of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) and the abnormalities of dermatoglyphic patterns may be physical manifestations of neurodevelopmental disruption in affective disorders. This paper aims to review the current state of knowledge on the frequency of MPAs and dermatoglyphic abnormalities in mood disorders. A MEDLINE, PsychInfo and Web of Science search was carried out to collect all publications on the frequency of MPAs and on dermatoglyphic traits in bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. 24 studies on MPAs, 19 on dermatoglyphics, and 5 dealing with both were found with discrepant findings. The relative contribution of neurodevelopmental retardation to the aetiology of affective disorders remains undetermined, the field is open for further research. Increased recognition of neurodevelopmental processes in the origin of affective disorders may allow for earlier and more effective intervention and prevention.
28424384	0	24	Minor physical anomalies	T019	C0000768
28424384	29	43	dermatoglyphic	T029	C0221916
28424384	53	72	affective disorders	T048	C0525045
28424384	76	93	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28424384	98	107	increased	T081	C0205217
28424384	108	118	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28424384	122	146	minor physical anomalies	T019	C0000768
28424384	148	152	MPAs	T019	C0000768
28424384	162	202	abnormalities of dermatoglyphic patterns	T019	C0432333
28424384	210	218	physical	T169	C0205485
28424384	219	233	manifestations	T169	C0205319
28424384	237	266	neurodevelopmental disruption	UnknownType	C0679378
28424384	270	289	affective disorders	T048	C0525045
28424384	310	316	review	T170	C1955832
28424384	355	364	frequency	T079	C0439603
28424384	368	372	MPAs	T019	C0000768
28424384	377	405	dermatoglyphic abnormalities	T019	C0432333
28424384	409	423	mood disorders	T048	C0525045
28424384	427	434	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28424384	436	445	PsychInfo	T170	C0242356
28424384	450	471	Web of Science search	T170	C0242356
28424384	503	515	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
28424384	523	532	frequency	T079	C0439603
28424384	536	540	MPAs	T019	C0000768
28424384	548	569	dermatoglyphic traits	T190	C4025116
28424384	573	589	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
28424384	594	613	unipolar depression	T048	C0041696
28424384	618	625	studies	T062	C2603343
28424384	629	633	MPAs	T019	C0000768
28424384	641	656	dermatoglyphics	T059	C0011624
28424384	698	708	discrepant	T033	C1290905
28424384	709	717	findings	T169	C2607943
28424384	723	731	relative	T080	C0205345
28424384	732	744	contribution	T052	C1880177
28424384	748	778	neurodevelopmental retardation	UnknownType	C0679378
28424384	786	795	aetiology	T169	C1314792
28424384	799	818	affective disorders	T048	C0525045
28424384	871	879	research	T062	C0035168
28424384	881	890	Increased	T169	C0442805
28424384	891	902	recognition	T041	C0524637
28424384	906	924	neurodevelopmental	T042	C0599855
28424384	925	934	processes	T067	C1522240
28424384	942	948	origin	T079	C0439659
28424384	952	971	affective disorders	T048	C0525045
28424384	1003	1012	effective	T080	C1704419
28424384	1013	1025	intervention	T061	C0184661
28424384	1030	1040	prevention	T061	C0199176

28424445|t|Management of tachyarrhythmia during pregnancy
28424445|a|Maternal tachyarrhythmia is a common complication during pregnancy due to hormonal changes that enhance pre-existing arrhythmias or induce new arrhythmias in the presence of congenital heart defects in pregnant females. Presence of tachyarrhythmia during pregnancy poses risk to the mother and fetus, calling for proper treatment with medications. Use of antiarrhythmic drugs in cases of maternal tachyarrhythmia must give due consideration of potential teratogenic side effects. Utilization of antiarrhythmic drugs during pregnancy has been well studied; some result in minimal fetal harm or none at all. New techniques, such as cardiac ablation, have also been implemented with minimal or no radiation exposure to the fetus or mother. Pregnant women with tachyarrhythmia have been successfully treated with little to no impact on the developing fetus as result of increasing experience with antiarrhythmic drugs and progress of new procedural techniques.
28424445	0	10	Management	T057	C1273870
28424445	14	29	tachyarrhythmia	T033	C0080203
28424445	37	46	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28424445	47	55	Maternal	T033	C1858460
28424445	56	71	tachyarrhythmia	T033	C0080203
28424445	77	83	common	T081	C0205214
28424445	84	96	complication	T046	C0009566
28424445	104	113	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28424445	121	137	hormonal changes	T033	C1134488
28424445	143	150	enhance	T052	C2349975
28424445	151	163	pre-existing	T080	C2347662
28424445	164	175	arrhythmias	T033	C0080203
28424445	179	185	induce	T169	C0205263
28424445	190	201	arrhythmias	T033	C0080203
28424445	209	217	presence	T033	C0150312
28424445	221	245	congenital heart defects	T019	C0018798
28424445	249	265	pregnant females	T098	C0033011
28424445	267	275	Presence	T033	C0150312
28424445	279	294	tachyarrhythmia	T033	C0080203
28424445	302	311	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28424445	318	322	risk	T078	C0035647
28424445	330	336	mother	T099	C0026591
28424445	341	346	fetus	T018	C0015965
28424445	348	355	calling	T041	C0679006
28424445	360	376	proper treatment	T061	C0087111
28424445	382	393	medications	T121	C0013227
28424445	402	422	antiarrhythmic drugs	T121	C0003195
28424445	435	443	maternal	T033	C1858460
28424445	444	459	tachyarrhythmia	T033	C0080203
28424445	474	487	consideration	T078	C0750591
28424445	491	500	potential	T080	C3245505
28424445	501	525	teratogenic side effects	T046	C0232910
28424445	527	538	Utilization	T169	C0042153
28424445	542	562	antiarrhythmic drugs	T121	C0003195
28424445	570	579	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28424445	594	601	studied	T062	C2603343
28424445	608	614	result	T169	C1274040
28424445	618	625	minimal	T080	C0547040
28424445	626	631	fetal	T018	C0015965
28424445	632	636	harm	T037	C0005604
28424445	657	667	techniques	T169	C0449851
28424445	677	693	cardiac ablation	T061	C0162563
28424445	710	721	implemented	T052	C1708476
28424445	727	734	minimal	T080	C0547040
28424445	741	759	radiation exposure	T037	C0015333
28424445	767	772	fetus	T018	C0015965
28424445	776	782	mother	T099	C0026591
28424445	784	798	Pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28424445	804	819	tachyarrhythmia	T033	C0080203
28424445	830	842	successfully	T080	C1272703
28424445	843	850	treated	T033	C0332154
28424445	856	862	little	T081	C0700321
28424445	869	875	impact	T080	C4049986
28424445	883	899	developing fetus	T039	C3824789
28424445	903	909	result	T169	C1274040
28424445	913	923	increasing	T169	C0442808
28424445	924	934	experience	T041	C0596545
28424445	940	960	antiarrhythmic drugs	T121	C0003195
28424445	965	973	progress	T169	C1280477
28424445	981	991	procedural	T169	C2700391
28424445	992	1002	techniques	T169	C0449851

28424584|t|Hif-1α Overexpression Improves Transplanted Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Survival in Rat MCAO Stroke Model
28424584|a|Bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) death after transplantation is a serious obstacle impacting on the outcome of cell therapy for cerebral infarction. This study was aimed to investigate whether modification of BMSCs with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (Hif-1α) could enhance the survival of the implanted BMSCs. BMSCs were isolated from Wistar rats, and were infected with Hif-1α-GFP lentiviral vector or Hif-1α siRNA. The modified BMSCs were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) condition, cellular viability and apoptosis were then assessed. An inhibitor of AMPK (compound C) was used to detect whether AMPK and mTOR were implicated in the functions of Hif-1α on BMSCs survival. Besides, ultrastructure of BMSCs was observed and the expression of autophagy markers was measured. The modified BMSCs were transplanted into middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats, and the cerebral infarction volume and neurological function was assessed. The results indicated that Hif-1α overexpression protected OGD induced injury by promoting cellular viability and inhibiting apoptosis. AMPK was activated while mTOR was inactivated by Hif-1α overexpression, and that might be through which Hif-1α functioned BMSCs survival. Hif-1α overexpression promoted autophagy; more important, compound C abolished the induction of Hif-1α on autophagy. Transplantation of the overexpressed Hif-1α of BMSCs into the MCAO rats reduced brain infarct volume and improved neurobehavioral outcome; besides, it inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines generation while promoted neurotrophin secretion. In conclusion, Hif-1α might be contributed in the survival of BMSCs by regulating the activation of AMPK and mTOR, as well as by promoting autophagy.
28424584	0	6	Hif-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28424584	7	21	Overexpression	T045	C1514559
28424584	22	30	Improves	T033	C0184511
28424584	31	71	Transplanted Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells	T061	C1257990
28424584	72	80	Survival	T043	C0007620
28424584	84	105	Rat MCAO Stroke Model	T050	C0012644
28424584	106	133	Bone mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28424584	135	140	BMSCs	T025	C1257975
28424584	142	147	death	T043	C0007587
28424584	154	169	transplantation	T061	C1257990
28424584	220	232	cell therapy	T061	C0302189
28424584	237	256	cerebral infarction	T047	C0007785
28424584	263	268	study	T062	C0008972
28424584	273	278	aimed	T078	C1947946
28424584	282	293	investigate	T169	C1292732
28424584	302	314	modification	T169	C0392747
28424584	318	323	BMSCs	T025	C1257975
28424584	329	356	hypoxia-inducible factor 1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28424584	358	364	Hif-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28424584	372	379	enhance	T052	C2349975
28424584	384	392	survival	T043	C0007620
28424584	400	415	implanted BMSCs	T061	C1257990
28424584	417	422	BMSCs	T025	C1257975
28424584	428	436	isolated	T059	C3827940
28424584	442	453	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
28424584	464	472	infected	T046	C3714514
28424584	478	506	Hif-1α-GFP lentiviral vector	T121	C1520007
28424584	510	522	Hif-1α siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28424584	528	536	modified	T169	C0392747
28424584	537	542	BMSCs	T025	C1257975
28424584	559	601	oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) condition	T039	C4236781
28424584	603	621	cellular viability	T043	C0007620
28424584	626	635	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28424584	646	654	assessed	T052	C1516048
28424584	659	668	inhibitor	T121	C1254351
28424584	672	676	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28424584	678	688	compound C	T121	C1254351
28424584	702	708	detect	T061	C1511790
28424584	717	721	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28424584	726	730	mTOR	T116,T126	C1447315
28424584	767	773	Hif-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28424584	777	791	BMSCs survival	T043	C0007620
28424584	820	825	BMSCs	T025	C1257975
28424584	847	878	expression of autophagy markers	T045	C1171362
28424584	897	905	modified	T169	C0392747
28424584	906	911	BMSCs	T025	C1257975
28424584	917	929	transplanted	T061	C1257990
28424584	935	967	middle cerebral artery occlusion	T020	C0740391
28424584	969	973	MCAO	T020	C0740391
28424584	975	988	model of rats	T050	C0012644
28424584	998	1017	cerebral infarction	T047	C0007785
28424584	1018	1024	volume	T081	C0449468
28424584	1029	1050	neurological function	T042	C0027767
28424584	1055	1063	assessed	T052	C1516048
28424584	1092	1113	Hif-1α overexpression	T045	C1514559
28424584	1124	1127	OGD	T039	C4236781
28424584	1128	1135	induced	T169	C0205263
28424584	1136	1142	injury	T037	C3263723
28424584	1156	1174	cellular viability	T043	C0007620
28424584	1179	1189	inhibiting	T044	C0021469
28424584	1190	1199	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28424584	1201	1205	AMPK	T116,T126	C2350345
28424584	1226	1230	mTOR	T116,T126	C1447315
28424584	1235	1246	inactivated	T169	C0544461
28424584	1250	1271	Hif-1α overexpression	T045	C1514559
28424584	1305	1311	Hif-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28424584	1323	1337	BMSCs survival	T043	C0007620
28424584	1339	1360	Hif-1α overexpression	T045	C1514559
28424584	1370	1379	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28424584	1397	1407	compound C	T121	C1254351
28424584	1422	1441	induction of Hif-1α	T045	C0014431
28424584	1445	1454	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28424584	1456	1508	Transplantation of the overexpressed Hif-1α of BMSCs	T061	C1257990
28424584	1518	1527	MCAO rats	T050	C0012644
28424584	1536	1549	brain infarct	T047	C0007785
28424584	1550	1556	volume	T081	C0449468
28424584	1561	1569	improved	T033	C0184511
28424584	1570	1593	neurobehavioral outcome	T080	C2986478
28424584	1617	1643	pro-inflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28424584	1670	1682	neurotrophin	T116,T123	C0132298
28424584	1683	1692	secretion	T043	C1159339
28424584	1709	1715	Hif-1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28424584	1744	1761	survival of BMSCs	T043	C0007620
28424584	1780	1807	activation of AMPK and mTOR	T044	C0014429
28424584	1833	1842	autophagy	T043	C0004391

28424606|t|Bifurcation Analysis on Phase-Amplitude Cross-Frequency Coupling in Neural Networks with Dynamic Synapses
28424606|a|We investigate a discrete - time network model composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and dynamic synapses with the aim at revealing dynamical properties behind oscillatory phenomena possibly related to brain functions. We use a stochastic neural network model to derive the corresponding macroscopic mean field dynamics, and subsequently analyze the dynamical properties of the network. In addition to slow and fast oscillations arising from excitatory and inhibitory networks, respectively, we show that the interaction between these two networks generates phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling (CFC), in which multiple different frequency components coexist and the amplitude of the fast oscillation is modulated by the phase of the slow oscillation. Furthermore, we clarify the detailed properties of the oscillatory phenomena by applying the bifurcation analysis to the mean field model, and accordingly show that the intermittent and the continuous CFCs can be characterized by an aperiodic orbit on a closed curve and one on a torus, respectively. These two CFC modes switch depending on the coupling strength from the excitatory to inhibitory networks, via the saddle-node cycle bifurcation of a one-dimensional torus in map (MT1SNC), and may be associated with the function of multi - item representation. We believe that the present model might have potential for studying possible functional roles of phase - amplitude CFC in the cerebral cortex.
28424606	0	11	Bifurcation	T030	C3146289
28424606	12	20	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28424606	24	64	Phase-Amplitude Cross-Frequency Coupling	T044	C1148560
28424606	68	83	Neural Networks	T023	C0242406
28424606	89	96	Dynamic	T169	C0729333
28424606	97	105	Synapses	T030	C0039062
28424606	109	120	investigate	T169	C1292732
28424606	123	131	discrete	T080	C0443299
28424606	134	138	time	T079	C0040223
28424606	139	152	network model	T170	C0870951
28424606	165	175	excitatory	T042	C0234121
28424606	180	190	inhibitory	T042	C0234122
28424606	191	198	neurons	T025	C0027882
28424606	203	210	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28424606	211	219	synapses	T030	C0039062
28424606	229	232	aim	T078	C1947946
28424606	246	255	dynamical	T169	C0729333
28424606	256	266	properties	T080	C0871161
28424606	274	295	oscillatory phenomena	T042	C0678909
28424606	316	331	brain functions	T042	C0678908
28424606	342	352	stochastic	T081	C0038347
28424606	353	373	neural network model	T170	C0870951
28424606	402	433	macroscopic mean field dynamics	T070	C3826426
28424606	439	451	subsequently	T079	C0332282
28424606	452	459	analyze	T169	C1524024
28424606	464	473	dynamical	T169	C0729333
28424606	474	484	properties	T080	C0871161
28424606	492	499	network	T023	C0242406
28424606	516	520	slow	T080	C0439834
28424606	525	529	fast	T080	C0456962
28424606	530	542	oscillations	T042	C0678909
28424606	556	566	excitatory	T042	C0234121
28424606	571	581	inhibitory	T042	C0234122
28424606	582	590	networks	T023	C0242406
28424606	623	634	interaction	T169	C1704675
28424606	653	661	networks	T023	C0242406
28424606	672	712	phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling	T044	C1148560
28424606	714	717	CFC	T044	C1148560
28424606	729	737	multiple	T081	C0439064
28424606	738	747	different	T080	C1705242
28424606	748	757	frequency	T079	C0376249
28424606	758	768	components	T077	C1705248
28424606	785	794	amplitude	T082	C2346753
28424606	802	806	fast	T080	C0456962
28424606	807	818	oscillation	T042	C0678909
28424606	822	831	modulated	T082	C0443264
28424606	839	844	phase	T079	C0205390
28424606	852	856	slow	T080	C0439834
28424606	857	868	oscillation	T042	C0678909
28424606	898	906	detailed	T080	C1522508
28424606	907	917	properties	T080	C0871161
28424606	925	946	oscillatory phenomena	T042	C0678909
28424606	950	958	applying	T169	C4048755
28424606	963	974	bifurcation	T030	C3146289
28424606	975	983	analysis	T062	C0936012
28424606	991	1007	mean field model	T170	C0870951
28424606	1039	1051	intermittent	T079	C0205267
28424606	1060	1070	continuous	T078	C0549178
28424606	1071	1075	CFCs	T044	C1148560
28424606	1083	1096	characterized	T052	C1880022
28424606	1103	1118	aperiodic orbit	T082	C1254362
28424606	1124	1130	closed	T169	C0587267
28424606	1131	1136	curve	T081	C0392762
28424606	1150	1155	torus	T030	C0229984
28424606	1181	1184	CFC	T044	C1148560
28424606	1185	1190	modes	T169	C1513371
28424606	1191	1197	switch	T169	C0392747
28424606	1215	1232	coupling strength	T081	C0392762
28424606	1242	1252	excitatory	T042	C0234121
28424606	1256	1266	inhibitory	T042	C0234122
28424606	1267	1275	networks	T023	C0242406
28424606	1285	1314	saddle-node cycle bifurcation	T030	C3146289
28424606	1320	1335	one-dimensional	T081	C0439534
28424606	1336	1341	torus	T030	C0229984
28424606	1345	1348	map	T073	C0024779
28424606	1350	1356	MT1SNC	T073	C0024779
28424606	1370	1385	associated with	T080	C0332281
28424606	1390	1398	function	T169	C0542341
28424606	1402	1407	multi	T081	C0439064
28424606	1410	1414	item	T071	C1551338
28424606	1415	1429	representation	T052	C1882932
28424606	1459	1464	model	T170	C0870951
28424606	1476	1485	potential	T080	C3245505
28424606	1490	1498	studying	T062	C2603343
28424606	1499	1507	possible	T033	C0332149
28424606	1508	1518	functional	T169	C0205245
28424606	1519	1524	roles	T077	C1705810
28424606	1528	1533	phase	T079	C0205390
28424606	1536	1545	amplitude	T082	C2346753
28424606	1546	1549	CFC	T044	C1148560
28424606	1557	1572	cerebral cortex	T023	C0007776

28424683|t|Novel Strategy to Expand Super-Charged NK Cells with Significant Potential to Lyse and Differentiate Cancer Stem Cells: Differences in NK Expansion and Function between Healthy and Cancer Patients
28424683|a|Natural killer (NK) cells are known to target cancer stem cells and undifferentiated tumors. In this paper, we provide a novel strategy for expanding large numbers of super-charged NK cells with significant potential to lyse and differentiate cancer stem cells and demonstrate the differences in the dynamics of NK cell expansion between healthy donors and cancer patients. Decline in cytotoxicity and lower interferon (IFN)-γ secretion by osteoclast (OC)-expanded NK cells from cancer patients correlates with faster expansion of residual contaminating T cells within purified NK cells, whereas healthy donors ' OCs continue expanding super-charged NK cells while limiting T cell expansion for up to 60 days. Similar to patient NK cells, NK cells from tumor -bearing BLT-humanized mice promote faster expansion of residual T cells resulting in decreased numbers and function of NK cells, whereas NK cells from mice with no tumor continue expanding NK cells and retain their cytotoxicity. In addition, dendritic cells (DCs) in contrast to OCs are found to promote faster expansion of residual T cells within purified NK cells resulting in the decline in NK cell numbers from healthy individuals. Addition of anti-CD3 mAb inhibits T cell proliferation while enhancing NK cell expansion; however, expanding NK cells have lower cytotoxicity but higher secretion of IFN-γ. Expansion and functional activation of super-charged NK cells by OCs is dependent on interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-15. Thus, in this report, we not only provide a novel strategy to expand super-charged NK cells, but also demonstrate that rapid and sustained expansion of residual T cells within the purified NK cells during expansion with DCs or OCs could be a potential mechanism by which the numbers and function of NK cells decline in cancer patients and in BLT-humanized mice.
28424683	0	14	Novel Strategy	T062	C0035171
28424683	25	47	Super-Charged NK Cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	53	74	Significant Potential	T080	C3245505
28424683	78	82	Lyse	T046	C0024348
28424683	87	100	Differentiate	T080	C0205615
28424683	101	118	Cancer Stem Cells	T025	C1956422
28424683	120	131	Differences	T081	C1705241
28424683	135	147	NK Expansion	T043	C0007595
28424683	152	160	Function	T169	C0542341
28424683	169	176	Healthy	T098	C1708335
28424683	181	196	Cancer Patients	T101	C1516213
28424683	197	222	Natural killer (NK) cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	243	260	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
28424683	265	288	undifferentiated tumors	T191	C0205698
28424683	318	332	novel strategy	T062	C0035171
28424683	364	386	super-charged NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	392	413	significant potential	T080	C3245505
28424683	417	421	lyse	T046	C0024348
28424683	426	439	differentiate	T080	C0205615
28424683	440	457	cancer stem cells	T025	C1956422
28424683	478	489	differences	T081	C1705241
28424683	497	505	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28424683	509	516	NK cell	T025	C0022688
28424683	517	526	expansion	T043	C0007595
28424683	535	549	healthy donors	T098	C0013018
28424683	554	569	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
28424683	571	594	Decline in cytotoxicity	T033	C1849420
28424683	599	604	lower	T082	C0441994
28424683	605	633	interferon (IFN)-γ secretion	T043	C3156720
28424683	637	647	osteoclast	T025	C0029431
28424683	649	651	OC	T025	C0029431
28424683	662	670	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	676	691	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
28424683	708	714	faster	T080	C0456962
28424683	715	724	expansion	T043	C0007595
28424683	737	750	contaminating	T169	C0205279
28424683	751	758	T cells	T025	C0039194
28424683	766	774	purified	T169	C1998793
28424683	775	783	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	793	807	healthy donors	T098	C0013018
28424683	810	813	OCs	T025	C0029431
28424683	833	855	super-charged NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	871	877	T cell	T025	C0039194
28424683	878	887	expansion	T043	C0007595
28424683	901	905	days	T079	C0439228
28424683	918	925	patient	T101	C0030705
28424683	926	934	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	936	944	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	950	955	tumor	T191	C0027651
28424683	965	983	BLT-humanized mice	T050	C2986594
28424683	992	998	faster	T080	C0456962
28424683	999	1008	expansion	T043	C0007595
28424683	1021	1059	T cells resulting in decreased numbers	T033	C2673541
28424683	1064	1072	function	T169	C0542341
28424683	1076	1084	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	1094	1102	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	1108	1112	mice	T015	C0025929
28424683	1118	1120	no	T033	C1513916
28424683	1121	1126	tumor	T191	C0027651
28424683	1136	1145	expanding	T043	C0007595
28424683	1146	1154	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	1172	1184	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28424683	1199	1214	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
28424683	1216	1219	DCs	T025	C0011306
28424683	1236	1239	OCs	T025	C0029431
28424683	1261	1267	faster	T080	C0456962
28424683	1268	1277	expansion	T043	C0007595
28424683	1290	1297	T cells	T025	C0039194
28424683	1305	1313	purified	T169	C1998793
28424683	1314	1322	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	1340	1366	decline in NK cell numbers	T033	C2363838
28424683	1372	1391	healthy individuals	T098	C1708335
28424683	1405	1417	anti-CD3 mAb	T116	C3831520
28424683	1427	1447	T cell proliferation	T043	C1155046
28424683	1454	1463	enhancing	T052	C2349975
28424683	1464	1471	NK cell	T025	C0022688
28424683	1472	1481	expansion	T043	C0007595
28424683	1492	1501	expanding	T043	C0007595
28424683	1502	1510	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	1516	1521	lower	T082	C0441994
28424683	1522	1534	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28424683	1539	1545	higher	T080	C0205250
28424683	1546	1564	secretion of IFN-γ	T043	C3156720
28424683	1566	1575	Expansion	T043	C0007595
28424683	1580	1590	functional	T169	C0205245
28424683	1591	1601	activation	T052	C1879547
28424683	1605	1627	super-charged NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	1631	1634	OCs	T025	C0029431
28424683	1638	1647	dependent	T080	C0851827
28424683	1651	1670	interleukin (IL)-12	T116,T121,T129	C0123759
28424683	1675	1680	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
28424683	1726	1740	novel strategy	T062	C0035171
28424683	1744	1750	expand	T043	C0007595
28424683	1751	1773	super-charged NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	1801	1830	rapid and sustained expansion	T043	C0007595
28424683	1843	1850	T cells	T025	C0039194
28424683	1862	1870	purified	T169	C1998793
28424683	1871	1879	NK cells	T025	C0022688
28424683	1887	1896	expansion	T043	C0007595
28424683	1902	1905	DCs	T025	C0011306
28424683	1909	1912	OCs	T025	C0029431
28424683	1924	1933	potential	T080	C3245505
28424683	1934	1943	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28424683	1957	1964	numbers	T081	C0237753
28424683	1969	1977	function	T169	C0542341
28424683	1981	1997	NK cells decline	T033	C2363838
28424683	2001	2016	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
28424683	2024	2042	BLT-humanized mice	T050	C2986594

28424727|t|Host - Induced Silencing of Two Pharyngeal Gland Genes Conferred Transcriptional Alteration of Cell Wall - Modifying Enzymes of Meloidogyne incognita vis-à-vis Perturbed Nematode Infectivity in Eggplant
28424727|a|The complex parasitic strategy of Meloidogyne incognita appears to involve simultaneous expression of its pharyngeal gland - specific effector genes in order to colonize the host plants. Research reports related to effector crosstalk in phytonematodes for successful parasitism of the host tissue is yet underexplored. In view of this, we have used in planta effector screening approach to understand the possible interaction of pioneer genes (msp-18 and msp-20, putatively involved in late and early stage of M. incognita parasitism, respectively) with other unrelated effectors such as cell-wall modifying enzymes (CWMEs) in M. incognita. Host - induced gene silencing (HIGS) strategy was used to generate the transgenic eggplants expressing msp-18 and msp-20, independently. Putative transformants were characterized via qRT-PCR and Southern hybridization assay. SiRNAs specific to msp-18 and msp-20 were also detected in the transformants via Northern hybridization assay. Transgenic expression of the RNAi constructs of msp-18 and msp-20 genes resulted in 43.64-69.68% and 41.74-67.30% reduction in M. incognita multiplication encompassing 6 and 10 events, respectively. Additionally, transcriptional oscillation of CWMEs documented in the penetrating and developing nematodes suggested the possible interaction among CWMEs and pioneer genes. The rapid assimilation of plant-derived carbon by invading nematodes was also demonstrated using (14)C isotope probing approach. Our data suggests that HIGS of msp-18 and msp-20, improves nematode resistance in eggplant by affecting the steady-state transcription level of CWME genes in invading nematodes, and safeguard the plant against nematode invasion at very early stage because nematodes may become the recipient of bioactive RNA species during the process of penetration into the plant root.
28424727	0	4	Host	T001	C1167395
28424727	7	14	Induced	T169	C0205263
28424727	15	24	Silencing	T045	C0598496
28424727	32	48	Pharyngeal Gland	T023	C0926855
28424727	49	54	Genes	T028	C0017337
28424727	65	80	Transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28424727	81	91	Alteration	T078	C1515926
28424727	95	104	Cell Wall	T026	C0007623
28424727	107	124	Modifying Enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28424727	128	149	Meloidogyne incognita	T204	C0997984
28424727	170	178	Nematode	T204	C1704319
28424727	179	190	Infectivity	T080	C0030657
28424727	194	202	Eggplant	T002	C1223557
28424727	215	224	parasitic	T169	C0521066
28424727	225	233	strategy	T041	C0679199
28424727	237	258	Meloidogyne incognita	T204	C0997984
28424727	278	290	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28424727	291	301	expression	T045	C0017262
28424727	309	325	pharyngeal gland	T023	C0926855
28424727	328	351	specific effector genes	T028	C0017337
28424727	364	372	colonize	T033	C4289767
28424727	377	388	host plants	UnknownType	C0868970
28424727	390	406	Research reports	T170	C2936319
28424727	418	436	effector crosstalk	T044	C0010357
28424727	440	454	phytonematodes	T204	C1704319
28424727	459	480	successful parasitism	T070	C0677482
28424727	488	492	host	T001	C1167395
28424727	493	499	tissue	T025	C1514137
28424727	555	589	planta effector screening approach	T170	C0282574
28424727	608	628	possible interaction	T169	C1704675
28424727	632	645	pioneer genes	T028	C0017337
28424727	647	653	msp-18	T028	C0017337
28424727	658	664	msp-20	T028	C0017337
28424727	689	693	late	T079	C1279941
28424727	698	709	early stage	T079	C2363430
28424727	713	725	M. incognita	T204	C0997984
28424727	726	736	parasitism	T070	C0677482
28424727	791	800	cell-wall	T026	C0007623
28424727	801	818	modifying enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28424727	820	825	CWMEs	T116,T126	C0014442
28424727	830	842	M. incognita	T204	C0997984
28424727	844	848	Host	T001	C1167395
28424727	851	858	induced	T169	C0205263
28424727	859	873	gene silencing	T045	C0598496
28424727	875	879	HIGS	T045	C0598496
28424727	881	889	strategy	T041	C0679199
28424727	915	935	transgenic eggplants	T002	C0085245
28424727	936	946	expressing	T045	C0017262
28424727	947	953	msp-18	T028	C0017337
28424727	958	964	msp-20	T028	C0017337
28424727	966	979	independently	T078	C0085862
28424727	1009	1022	characterized	T052	C1880022
28424727	1027	1034	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
28424727	1039	1067	Southern hybridization assay	T059,T063	C0599927
28424727	1069	1075	SiRNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
28424727	1088	1094	msp-18	T028	C0017337
28424727	1099	1105	msp-20	T028	C0017337
28424727	1116	1124	detected	T033	C0442726
28424727	1150	1178	Northern hybridization assay	T059,T063	C0599862
28424727	1180	1190	Transgenic	T002	C0085245
28424727	1191	1201	expression	T045	C0017262
28424727	1209	1213	RNAi	T045	C1136031
28424727	1214	1224	constructs	T114	C0598279
28424727	1228	1234	msp-18	T028	C0017337
28424727	1239	1245	msp-20	T028	C0017337
28424727	1246	1251	genes	T028	C0017337
28424727	1294	1303	reduction	T080	C0392756
28424727	1307	1319	M. incognita	T204	C0997984
28424727	1320	1334	multiplication	T081	C2911648
28424727	1357	1363	events	T051	C0441471
28424727	1393	1408	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28424727	1424	1429	CWMEs	T116,T126	C0014442
28424727	1448	1459	penetrating	T169	C0205321
28424727	1464	1474	developing	T169	C1527148
28424727	1475	1484	nematodes	T204	C1704319
28424727	1499	1519	possible interaction	T169	C1704675
28424727	1526	1531	CWMEs	T116,T126	C0014442
28424727	1536	1549	pioneer genes	T028	C0017337
28424727	1555	1560	rapid	T080	C0456962
28424727	1561	1573	assimilation	T041	C1999057
28424727	1591	1597	carbon	T196	C0007009
28424727	1610	1619	nematodes	T204	C1704319
28424727	1648	1661	(14)C isotope	T130,T196	C0302945
28424727	1662	1678	probing approach	T060	C0419358
28424727	1684	1688	data	T078	C1511726
28424727	1703	1707	HIGS	T045	C0598496
28424727	1711	1717	msp-18	T028	C0017337
28424727	1722	1728	msp-20	T028	C0017337
28424727	1730	1738	improves	T033	C0184511
28424727	1739	1747	nematode	T204	C1704319
28424727	1748	1758	resistance	T169	C4281815
28424727	1762	1770	eggplant	T002	C1223557
28424727	1774	1783	affecting	T169	C0392760
28424727	1788	1800	steady-state	T070	C0678587
28424727	1801	1814	transcription	T045	C0040649
28424727	1824	1828	CWME	T116,T126	C0014442
28424727	1829	1834	genes	T028	C0017337
28424727	1847	1856	nematodes	T204	C1704319
28424727	1876	1881	plant	T002	C0032098
28424727	1890	1898	nematode	T204	C1704319
28424727	1911	1927	very early stage	T079	C2363430
28424727	1936	1945	nematodes	T204	C1704319
28424727	1961	1970	recipient	T098	C1709854
28424727	1974	1983	bioactive	T167	C3714412
28424727	1984	1987	RNA	T114	C0035668
28424727	1988	1995	species	T185	C1705920
28424727	2007	2014	process	T067	C1522240
28424727	2018	2029	penetration	T169	C0205321
28424727	2039	2049	plant root	T002	C0242726

28424986|t|Extremely Giant Liver Hemangioma (50 cm) with Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome
28424986|a|A 33- year - old male has been found with a giant liver hemangioma of initial size 29 cm for 5 years. He received arterial embolization twice in order to shrink the tumor; however, no effect was obtained. The tumor had rapidly grown to 50 cm and caused abnormalities in the hematological and coagulative systems. Preoperative computed tomography revealed that the right hepatic vein, right hepatic artery, and right portal vein were not involved by the hemangioma. Resection of the giant liver hemangioma was successfully performed after intraoperative intentional bloodletting with concurrent blood salvage. All hematological and coagulative abnormalities had returned to normal after the procedure.
28424986	0	9	Extremely	T080	C0205403
28424986	10	32	Giant Liver Hemangioma	T191	C0238246
28424986	46	71	Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome	T047	C0221025
28424986	78	82	year	T079	C0439234
28424986	85	88	old	T079	C0580836
28424986	89	93	male	T032	C0086582
28424986	103	108	found	T033	C0150312
28424986	116	138	giant liver hemangioma	T191	C0238246
28424986	142	149	initial	T079	C0205265
28424986	150	154	size	T082	C0475440
28424986	167	172	years	T079	C0439234
28424986	177	185	received	T080	C1514756
28424986	186	207	arterial embolization	T061	C3163695
28424986	208	213	twice	T081	C1948050
28424986	226	232	shrink	T082	C0205230
28424986	237	242	tumor	T191	C0027651
28424986	253	262	no effect	T080	C1301751
28424986	267	275	obtained	T169	C1301820
28424986	281	286	tumor	T191	C0027651
28424986	291	298	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28424986	299	304	grown	T067	C2911660
28424986	325	338	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28424986	346	359	hematological	T022	C0279810
28424986	364	375	coagulative	T042	C0005778
28424986	376	383	systems	T169	C0449913
28424986	385	397	Preoperative	T079	C0445204
28424986	398	417	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28424986	418	426	revealed	T080	C0443289
28424986	436	441	right	T082	C0205090
28424986	442	454	hepatic vein	T023	C0019155
28424986	456	461	right	T082	C0205090
28424986	462	476	hepatic artery	T023	C0019145
28424986	482	487	right	T082	C0205090
28424986	488	499	portal vein	T023	C0032718
28424986	505	517	not involved	T033	C4296884
28424986	525	535	hemangioma	T191	C0018916
28424986	537	546	Resection	T061	C0728940
28424986	554	576	giant liver hemangioma	T191	C0238246
28424986	581	593	successfully	T080	C1272703
28424986	594	603	performed	T169	C0884358
28424986	610	624	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28424986	625	636	intentional	T080	C1283828
28424986	637	649	bloodletting	T061	C0005857
28424986	655	665	concurrent	T079	C0205420
28424986	666	679	blood salvage	T061	C0200591
28424986	685	698	hematological	T022	C0279810
28424986	703	714	coagulative	T042	C0005778
28424986	715	728	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28424986	733	741	returned	T080	C0332156
28424986	745	751	normal	T080	C0205307
28424986	762	771	procedure	T061	C0087111

28425183|t|Associations between major life events and adherence, glycemic control, and psychosocial characteristics in teens with type 1 diabetes
28425183|a|This cross-sectional study assessed the type of major life events occurring in a contemporary sample of teens with type 1 diabetes and the association between event frequency and demographic, diabetes management, and psychosocial characteristics. Parents of 178 teens completed the Life Events Checklist to report major events teens had experienced in the last year: 42% experienced 0 to 1 event (n = 75), 32% experienced 2 to 3 events (n = 57), and 26% experienced 4+ events (n = 46). Teens and parents completed validated measures of treatment adherence, diabetes -specific self-efficacy, quality of life, and diabetes -specific family conflict. Parent-youth interview and chart review provided demographics and diabetes management data. Mean number of events / teen was 2.6 ± 2.7 (range = 0-15). The most common events were " Hospitalization of a family member " (24%), " Getting a bad report card " (20%), "Serious arguments between parents " (19%), and " Serious illness / injury in a family member " (19%). Compared with teens experiencing 0 to 1 event, teens experiencing 4+ events were less likely to have married parents (P = .01) and a parent with a college degree (P = .006). Teen s with 4+ events had significantly poorer adherence (P = .002 teen, P = .02 parent), lower self-efficacy (P = .03 teen, P < .0001 parent), poorer quality of life (P < .0001 teen, P < .0001 parent), and more conflict (P = .006 teen, P = .02 parent) than teens with fewer events. In a multivariate model (R (2) = 0.21, P < .0001) controlling for demographic and diabetes management characteristics, fewer events was associated with lower A1c (P = .0009). Occurrence of more major life events was associated with poorer diabetes care and A1c and more negative psychosocial qualities in teens with type 1 diabetes.
28425183	0	12	Associations	T080	C0439849
28425183	21	38	major life events	T032	C0557155
28425183	43	52	adherence	T169	C1510802
28425183	54	71	glycemic control,	T061	C3267174
28425183	76	104	psychosocial characteristics	T080	C0033963
28425183	108	113	teens	T098	C1521910
28425183	119	134	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28425183	140	161	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28425183	162	170	assessed	T052	C1516048
28425183	183	200	major life events	T032	C0557155
28425183	239	244	teens	T098	C1521910
28425183	250	265	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854
28425183	274	285	association	T080	C0439849
28425183	294	309	event frequency	T051	C0441471
28425183	314	325	demographic	T078	C0011292
28425183	327	346	diabetes management	T061	C0948092
28425183	352	380	psychosocial characteristics	T080	C0033963
28425183	382	389	Parents	T099	C0030551
28425183	397	402	teens	T098	C1521910
28425183	417	428	Life Events	T032	C0557155
28425183	429	438	Checklist	T170	C1707357
28425183	455	461	events	T051	C0441471
28425183	462	467	teens	T098	C1521910
28425183	472	483	experienced	T067	C0023672
28425183	496	500	year	T079	C0439234
28425183	506	517	experienced	T067	C0023672
28425183	525	530	event	T051	C0441471
28425183	545	556	experienced	T067	C0023672
28425183	564	570	events	T051	C0441471
28425183	589	600	experienced	T067	C0023672
28425183	604	610	events	T051	C0441471
28425183	621	626	Teens	T098	C1521910
28425183	631	638	parents	T099	C0030551
28425183	659	667	measures	T081	C0079809
28425183	671	690	treatment adherence	T033	C0516958
28425183	692	700	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28425183	711	724	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28425183	726	741	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28425183	747	755	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28425183	766	781	family conflict	T033	C0233542
28425183	783	805	Parent-youth interview	T052	C0021822
28425183	810	822	chart review	T058	C0541653
28425183	832	844	demographics	T062	C0011287
28425183	849	868	diabetes management	T061	C0948092
28425183	890	896	events	T051	C0441471
28425183	899	903	teen	T098	C1521910
28425183	950	956	events	T051	C0441471
28425183	964	979	Hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28425183	985	998	family member	T099	C0086282
28425183	1010	1035	Getting a bad report card	T033	C0243095
28425183	1054	1063	arguments	T054	C0680226
28425183	1072	1079	parents	T099	C0030551
28425183	1095	1110	Serious illness	T184	C0221423
28425183	1113	1119	injury	T037	C3263722
28425183	1125	1138	family member	T099	C0086282
28425183	1162	1167	teens	T098	C1521910
28425183	1188	1193	event	T051	C0441471
28425183	1195	1200	teens	T098	C1521910
28425183	1217	1223	events	T051	C0441471
28425183	1257	1264	parents	T099	C0030551
28425183	1281	1287	parent	T099	C0030551
28425183	1295	1309	college degree	T170	C0542560
28425183	1322	1326	Teen	T098	C1521910
28425183	1337	1343	events	T051	C0441471
28425183	1369	1378	adherence	T169	C1510802
28425183	1389	1393	teen	T098	C1521910
28425183	1403	1409	parent	T099	C0030551
28425183	1418	1431	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28425183	1441	1445	teen	T098	C1521910
28425183	1457	1463	parent	T099	C0030551
28425183	1473	1488	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28425183	1500	1504	teen	T098	C1521910
28425183	1516	1522	parent	T099	C0030551
28425183	1534	1542	conflict	T033	C0233542
28425183	1553	1557	teen	T098	C1521910
28425183	1567	1573	parent	T099	C0030551
28425183	1580	1585	teens	T098	C1521910
28425183	1597	1603	events	T051	C0441471
28425183	1610	1628	multivariate model	T170	C3161035
28425183	1671	1682	demographic	T078	C0011292
28425183	1687	1706	diabetes management	T061	C0948092
28425183	1730	1736	events	T051	C0441471
28425183	1763	1766	A1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28425183	1799	1816	major life events	T032	C0557155
28425183	1821	1836	associated with	T080	C0332281
28425183	1844	1857	diabetes care	T061	C3274787
28425183	1862	1865	A1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28425183	1884	1906	psychosocial qualities	T078	C0243156
28425183	1910	1915	teens	T098	C1521910
28425183	1921	1936	type 1 diabetes	T047	C0011854

28425861|t|Role of cysteine residues in regulation of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity of wheat cyclophilin TaCYPA-1
28425861|a|Oxidative conditions result in inhibition of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity of several cyclophilins. Thiol groups have been implicated in redox regulation of these proteins. In our previous study, we proposed that activity of wheat cyclophilin, TaCYPA-1, may be modulated through a novel dual mechanism of redox regulation. To further understand the regulation of PPIase activity of TaCYPA-1, we generated mutants of TaCYPA-1 by substituting cysteine residues at positions -40 and -122 with serine, and at -126 with proline. Comparative analysis of their PPIase activity revealed that catalytic efficiencies (Kcat/Km) of TaCYPA-1C40S (0.37 X 106 M-1 s-1) and TaCYPA-1C122S (0.31 X 106 M-1 s-1) were significantly lower as compared to the native TaCYPA-1 (1.33 X 106 M-1 s-1), whereas Kcat/Km of the double mutant TaCYPA-1C40S/C122S was significantly higher (2.36 X 106 M-1 s-1). Compared to wild-type TaCYPA-1, the different mutants also showed differential sensitivity to Cu2+. Furthermore, the results of this study also revealed that despite lacking PPIase activity, the mutant TaCYPA-1C126P was able to confer partial protection against heat stress. These observations suggest that the mechanism of TaCYPA-1 -induced thermotolerance may also involve other activities besides cis to trans isomerisation, which needs to be identified further.
28425861	0	4	Role	T077	C1705810
28425861	8	16	cysteine	T116,T123	C0010654
28425861	17	25	residues	T077	C1709915
28425861	29	39	regulation	T169	C0518894
28425861	43	87	peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity	T044	C1150301
28425861	91	96	wheat	T168	C0043137
28425861	97	108	cyclophilin	T116,T126,T192	C0917877
28425861	109	117	TaCYPA-1	T028	C1418793
28425861	118	127	Oxidative	T169	C0311404
28425861	128	138	conditions	T080	C0348080
28425861	149	159	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28425861	163	216	peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity	T044	C1150301
28425861	228	240	cyclophilins	T116,T126,T192	C0917877
28425861	242	247	Thiol	T109	C0038734
28425861	279	284	redox	T044	C0030012
28425861	285	295	regulation	T169	C0518894
28425861	305	313	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28425861	355	363	activity	T044	C0243102
28425861	367	372	wheat	T168	C0043137
28425861	373	384	cyclophilin	T116,T126,T192	C0917877
28425861	386	394	TaCYPA-1	T028	C1418793
28425861	403	412	modulated	T082	C0443264
28425861	434	443	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28425861	447	452	redox	T044	C0030012
28425861	453	463	regulation	T169	C0518894
28425861	491	501	regulation	T169	C0518894
28425861	505	520	PPIase activity	T044	C1150301
28425861	524	532	TaCYPA-1	T028	C1418793
28425861	547	554	mutants	T049	C0596988
28425861	558	566	TaCYPA-1	T028	C1418793
28425861	570	582	substituting	T052	C1706204
28425861	583	591	cysteine	T116,T123	C0010654
28425861	592	600	residues	T077	C1709915
28425861	604	613	positions	T082	C0733755
28425861	632	638	serine	T116,T121,T123	C0036720
28425861	657	664	proline	T116,T123	C0033382
28425861	666	686	Comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
28425861	696	711	PPIase activity	T044	C1150301
28425861	726	735	catalytic	T070	C0007382
28425861	736	748	efficiencies	T081	C0013682
28425861	762	774	TaCYPA-1C40S	T116,T126	C0136073
28425861	800	813	TaCYPA-1C122S	T116,T126	C0136073
28425861	840	859	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28425861	886	894	TaCYPA-1	T116,T126	C0136073
28425861	947	953	mutant	T049	C0596988
28425861	954	972	TaCYPA-1C40S/C122S	T116,T126	C0136073
28425861	977	997	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28425861	1032	1041	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28425861	1042	1050	TaCYPA-1	T028	C1418793
28425861	1066	1073	mutants	T049	C0596988
28425861	1086	1098	differential	T080	C0443199
28425861	1099	1110	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28425861	1114	1118	Cu2+	T121,T197	C1177210
28425861	1137	1144	results	T169	C1274040
28425861	1153	1158	study	T062	C2603343
28425861	1164	1172	revealed	T080	C0443289
28425861	1186	1193	lacking	T080	C0332268
28425861	1194	1209	PPIase activity	T044	C1150301
28425861	1215	1221	mutant	T049	C0596988
28425861	1222	1235	TaCYPA-1C126P	T028	C1418793
28425861	1255	1262	partial	T081	C0728938
28425861	1263	1273	protection	T033	C1545588
28425861	1282	1293	heat stress	T039	C0282498
28425861	1301	1313	observations	T062	C0302523
28425861	1331	1340	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28425861	1344	1352	TaCYPA-1	T028	C1418793
28425861	1362	1377	thermotolerance	T039	C3544386
28425861	1401	1411	activities	T052	C0441655
28425861	1420	1446	cis to trans isomerisation	T044	C0596342
28425861	1466	1476	identified	T080	C0205396

28426667|t|Bioenergetic status modulates motor neuron vulnerability and pathogenesis in a zebrafish model of spinal muscular atrophy
28426667|a|Degeneration and loss of lower motor neurons is the major pathological hallmark of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), resulting from low levels of ubiquitously-expressed survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. One remarkable, yet unresolved, feature of SMA is that not all motor neurons are equally affected, with some populations displaying a robust resistance to the disease. Here, we demonstrate that selective vulnerability of distinct motor neuron pools arises from fundamental modifications to their basal molecular profiles. Comparative gene expression profiling of motor neurons innervating the extensor digitorum longus (disease-resistant), gastrocnemius (intermediate vulnerability), and tibialis anterior (vulnerable) muscles in mice revealed that disease susceptibility correlates strongly with a modified bioenergetic profile. Targeting of identified bioenergetic pathways by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis rescued motor axon defects in SMA zebrafish. Moreover, targeting of a single bioenergetic protein, phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (Pgk1), was found to modulate motor neuron vulnerability in vivo. Knockdown of pgk1 alone was sufficient to partially mimic the SMA phenotype in wild-type zebrafish. Conversely, Pgk1 overexpression, or treatment with terazosin (an FDA -approved small molecule that binds and activates Pgk1), rescued motor axon phenotypes in SMA zebrafish. We conclude that global bioenergetics pathways can be therapeutically manipulated to ameliorate SMA motor neuron phenotypes in vivo.
28426667	0	12	Bioenergetic	T040	C0005486
28426667	13	19	status	T080	C0449438
28426667	20	29	modulates	T082	C0443264
28426667	30	42	motor neuron	T025	C0026609
28426667	43	56	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28426667	61	73	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28426667	79	88	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28426667	89	94	model	T050	C0012644
28426667	98	121	spinal muscular atrophy	T047	C0026847
28426667	122	166	Degeneration and loss of lower motor neurons	T033	C3809750
28426667	180	192	pathological	T169	C1521733
28426667	205	228	spinal muscular atrophy	T047	C0026847
28426667	230	233	SMA	T047	C0026847
28426667	288	323	survival motor neuron (SMN) protein	T116,T123	C4283935
28426667	368	371	SMA	T047	C0026847
28426667	388	401	motor neurons	T025	C0026609
28426667	414	422	affected	T169	C0392760
28426667	434	445	populations	T098	C1257890
28426667	466	491	resistance to the disease	T040	C1136180
28426667	529	542	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28426667	555	567	motor neuron	T025	C0026609
28426667	598	611	modifications	T169	C0392747
28426667	621	645	basal molecular profiles	T169	C1704864
28426667	659	684	gene expression profiling	T059,T063	C0752248
28426667	688	701	motor neurons	T025	C0026609
28426667	718	743	extensor digitorum longus	T023	C0224464
28426667	745	762	disease-resistant	T040	C1136180
28426667	765	778	gastrocnemius	T023	C0242691
28426667	780	806	intermediate vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28426667	813	830	tibialis anterior	T023	C0242690
28426667	832	842	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
28426667	844	851	muscles	T023	C1995013
28426667	855	859	mice	T015	C0025929
28426667	860	868	revealed	T080	C0443289
28426667	874	896	disease susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28426667	933	945	bioenergetic	T040	C0005486
28426667	946	953	profile	T059	C1979963
28426667	955	964	Targeting	T169	C1521840
28426667	968	978	identified	T080	C0205396
28426667	979	991	bioenergetic	T040	C0005486
28426667	992	1000	pathways	T077	C1705987
28426667	1014	1038	mitochondrial biogenesis	T043	C3494456
28426667	1047	1057	motor axon	T026	C2335621
28426667	1058	1065	defects	T169	C0243067
28426667	1069	1072	SMA	T047	C0026847
28426667	1073	1082	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28426667	1094	1103	targeting	T169	C1521840
28426667	1116	1128	bioenergetic	T040	C0005486
28426667	1129	1136	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28426667	1138	1163	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	T116,T126	C3814452
28426667	1165	1169	Pgk1	T116,T126	C3814452
28426667	1185	1193	modulate	T082	C0443264
28426667	1194	1206	motor neuron	T025	C0026609
28426667	1207	1220	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28426667	1221	1228	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28426667	1230	1239	Knockdown	T063	C2350567
28426667	1243	1247	pgk1	T028	C1418508
28426667	1258	1268	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28426667	1292	1295	SMA	T047	C0026847
28426667	1296	1305	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28426667	1309	1318	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28426667	1319	1328	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28426667	1342	1346	Pgk1	T028	C1418508
28426667	1347	1361	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28426667	1366	1375	treatment	T061	C0087111
28426667	1381	1390	terazosin	T109,T121	C0076107
28426667	1395	1398	FDA	T170	C2700205
28426667	1409	1423	small molecule	T109	C1328819
28426667	1429	1434	binds	T052	C1145667
28426667	1439	1448	activates	T052	C1879547
28426667	1449	1453	Pgk1	T116,T126	C3814452
28426667	1464	1474	motor axon	T026	C2335621
28426667	1475	1485	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28426667	1489	1492	SMA	T047	C0026847
28426667	1493	1502	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28426667	1528	1541	bioenergetics	T040	C0005486
28426667	1542	1550	pathways	T077	C1705987
28426667	1558	1573	therapeutically	T169	C0302350
28426667	1600	1603	SMA	T047	C0026847
28426667	1604	1616	motor neuron	T025	C0026609
28426667	1617	1627	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28426667	1628	1635	in vivo	T082	C1515655

28427273|t|Association of Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration With Systemic Inflammation Markers in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
28427273|a|Breastfeeding duration has been associated with less low-grade inflammation in healthy adolescents, but there is scarce information regarding obese subjects. This study aimed to evaluate whether exclusive breastfeeding is related to serum concentrations of inflammatory markers in a population of Spanish adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed on 1,001 adolescents (13.2 ± 1.2 years) randomly recruited from schools in southeast Spain. Data on breastfeeding duration were collected via a parental questionnaire. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined by solid-phase chemiluminescent immunometric assay. Nonadjusted and adjusted multivariate correlation analyses confirmed a strong association (p < .001, 95% confidence interval) between the three markers of inflammation and exclusive breastfeeding duration. No significant differences were observed for IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP serum concentrations among normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents, except for IL-6 between normal weight and obese subjects. Likewise, no significant association was found between these markers of inflammation and body mass index (BMI) z-score. We found a possible association between inflammatory markers and exclusive breastfeeding duration in adolescents, regardless of their BMI. This finding suggests that increased body weight or obesity might not mediate the association between breastfeeding and inflammation. These results contribute to the understanding of the relationship between breastfeeding and inflammatory markers in adolescents.
28427273	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28427273	15	38	Exclusive Breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28427273	39	47	Duration	T079	C0449238
28427273	53	74	Systemic Inflammation	T047	C3646020
28427273	75	82	Markers	T201	C0005516
28427273	86	97	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
28427273	101	122	Cross-Sectional Study	T062	C0010362
28427273	123	145	Breastfeeding duration	T033	C2136514
28427273	155	170	associated with	T080	C0332281
28427273	171	175	less	T081	C0439092
28427273	176	185	low-grade	T080	C1282907
28427273	186	198	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28427273	202	209	healthy	T080	C3898900
28427273	210	221	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28427273	236	242	scarce	T080	C0231180
28427273	243	254	information	T078	C1533716
28427273	265	270	obese	T047	C0028754
28427273	318	341	exclusive breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28427273	356	376	serum concentrations	T081	C0683149
28427273	380	392	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28427273	393	400	markers	T201	C0005516
28427273	406	416	population	T098	C1257890
28427273	420	427	Spanish	T098	C0086409
28427273	428	439	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28427273	443	464	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28427273	469	478	performed	T169	C0884358
28427273	488	499	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28427273	543	550	schools	T073,T092	C0036375
28427273	554	563	southeast	T082	C1711190
28427273	564	569	Spain	T083	C0037747
28427273	571	575	Data	T078	C1511726
28427273	579	601	breastfeeding duration	T033	C2136514
28427273	607	616	collected	T169	C1516698
28427273	623	645	parental questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28427273	647	660	Interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28427273	662	666	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28427273	672	699	tumor necrosis factor-alpha	T116,T129	C1456820
28427273	701	706	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28427273	713	726	determined by	T080	C0521095
28427273	727	760	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28427273	762	780	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
28427273	782	785	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28427273	791	804	determined by	T080	C0521095
28427273	805	852	solid-phase chemiluminescent immunometric assay	T059	C0020980
28427273	879	891	multivariate	T081	C0026777
28427273	892	912	correlation analyses	T062,T170	C0010101
28427273	913	922	confirmed	T080	C1456348
28427273	925	931	strong	T080	C0442821
28427273	932	943	association	T080	C0439849
28427273	959	978	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28427273	998	1005	markers	T201	C0005516
28427273	1009	1021	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28427273	1026	1049	exclusive breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28427273	1050	1058	duration	T079	C0449238
28427273	1060	1074	No significant	T033	C1273937
28427273	1075	1086	differences	T080	C1705242
28427273	1092	1100	observed	T169	C1441672
28427273	1105	1109	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28427273	1111	1116	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28427273	1122	1125	CRP	T116,T129	C0006560
28427273	1126	1146	serum concentrations	T081	C0683149
28427273	1153	1166	normal weight	T201	C1285592
28427273	1168	1178	overweight	T184	C0497406
28427273	1184	1189	obese	T047	C0028754
28427273	1190	1201	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28427273	1203	1213	except for	T169	C0332300
28427273	1214	1218	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28427273	1227	1240	normal weight	T201	C1285592
28427273	1245	1250	obese	T047	C0028754
28427273	1251	1259	subjects	T100	C0205653
28427273	1271	1285	no significant	T033	C1273937
28427273	1286	1297	association	T080	C0439849
28427273	1302	1307	found	T033	C0150312
28427273	1322	1329	markers	T201	C0005516
28427273	1333	1345	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28427273	1350	1365	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28427273	1367	1370	BMI	T201	C1305855
28427273	1372	1379	z-score	T081	C0871421
28427273	1384	1389	found	T033	C0150312
28427273	1392	1400	possible	T033	C0332149
28427273	1401	1412	association	T080	C0439849
28427273	1421	1433	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28427273	1434	1441	markers	T201	C0005516
28427273	1446	1469	exclusive breastfeeding	T055	C0242205
28427273	1470	1478	duration	T079	C0449238
28427273	1482	1493	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28427273	1495	1505	regardless	T080	C3641650
28427273	1515	1518	BMI	T201	C1305855
28427273	1525	1532	finding	T033	C0243095
28427273	1533	1541	suggests	T078	C1705535
28427273	1547	1556	increased	T081	C0205217
28427273	1557	1568	body weight	T032	C0005910
28427273	1572	1579	obesity	T047	C0028754
28427273	1602	1613	association	T080	C0439849
28427273	1622	1635	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28427273	1640	1652	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28427273	1660	1667	results	T169	C1274040
28427273	1686	1699	understanding	T041	C0162340
28427273	1707	1719	relationship	T080	C0439849
28427273	1728	1741	breastfeeding	T040	C0006147
28427273	1746	1758	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28427273	1759	1766	markers	T201	C0005516
28427273	1770	1781	adolescents	T100	C0205653

28427537|t|Metabolomics, Nutrition, and Potential Biomarkers of Food Quality, Intake, and Health Status
28427537|a|Diet, dietary patterns, and other environmental factors such as exposure to toxins are playing an important role in the prevention / development of many diseases, like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and consequently on the health status of individuals. A major challenge nowadays is to identify novel biomarkers to detect as early as possible metabolic dysfunction and to predict evolution of health status in order to refine nutritional advices to specific population groups. Omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics coupled with statistical and bioinformatics tools have already shown great potential in this research field even if so far only few biomarkers have been validated. For the past two decades, important analytical techniques have been developed to detect as many metabolites as possible in human biofluids such as urine, blood, and saliva. In the field of food science and nutrition, many studies have been carried out for food authenticity, quality, and safety, as well as for food processing. Furthermore, metabolomic investigations have been carried out to discover new early biomarkers of metabolic dysfunction and predictive biomarkers of developing pathologies (obesity, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, etc.). Great emphasis is also placed in the development of methodologies to identify and validate biomarkers of nutrients exposure.
28427537	0	12	Metabolomics	T091	C1328813
28427537	14	23	Nutrition	T033	C0392209
28427537	29	38	Potential	T080	C3245505
28427537	39	49	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28427537	53	65	Food Quality	T080	C0920525
28427537	67	73	Intake	T169	C1512806
28427537	79	92	Health Status	T080	C0018759
28427537	93	97	Diet	T168	C0012155
28427537	99	115	dietary patterns	T062	C1517289
28427537	127	148	environmental factors	T080	C0686732
28427537	157	168	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28427537	169	175	toxins	T123,T131	C0040549
28427537	201	205	role	T077	C1705810
28427537	213	223	prevention	T080	C2700409
28427537	226	237	development	T169	C1527148
28427537	246	254	diseases	T047	C0012634
28427537	261	268	obesity	T047	C0028754
28427537	270	285	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28427537	311	324	health status	T080	C0018759
28427537	328	339	individuals	T098	C0237401
28427537	374	382	identify	T080	C0205396
28427537	383	388	novel	T080	C0205314
28427537	389	399	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28427537	403	409	detect	T033	C0442726
28427537	413	418	early	T079	C1279919
28427537	431	440	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28427537	441	452	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28427537	460	467	predict	T078	C0681842
28427537	468	477	evolution	T169	C0205245
28427537	481	494	health status	T080	C0018759
28427537	514	533	nutritional advices	T061	C0850410
28427537	546	563	population groups	T098	C1257890
28427537	565	583	Omics technologies	T090	C0039421
28427537	592	600	genomics	T091	C0887950
28427537	619	629	proteomics	T091	C0872252
28427537	635	647	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
28427537	648	655	coupled	T169	C1948027
28427537	661	672	statistical	T170	C0037589
28427537	677	697	bioinformatics tools	T170	C0037589
28427537	723	732	potential	T080	C3245505
28427537	741	755	research field	UnknownType	C0683945
28427537	780	790	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28427537	829	836	decades	T081	C2981279
28427537	848	869	analytical techniques	T059	C0022885
28427537	880	889	developed	T169	C0205245
28427537	893	899	detect	T033	C0442726
28427537	908	919	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28427537	935	940	human	T016	C0086418
28427537	941	950	biofluids	T031	C0005889
28427537	959	964	urine	T031	C0042036
28427537	966	971	blood	T031	C0005767
28427537	977	983	saliva	T031	C0036087
28427537	1001	1013	food science	T090	C0920526
28427537	1018	1027	nutrition	T091	C0028707
28427537	1034	1041	studies	T062	C2603343
28427537	1068	1072	food	T168	C0016452
28427537	1073	1085	authenticity	T080	C0205556
28427537	1087	1094	quality	T080	C0332306
28427537	1100	1106	safety	T068	C0036043
28427537	1123	1138	food processing	T057	C0016487
28427537	1153	1164	metabolomic	T091	C1328813
28427537	1165	1179	investigations	T169	C1292732
28427537	1205	1213	discover	T052	C1880355
28427537	1218	1223	early	T079	C1279919
28427537	1224	1234	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28427537	1238	1247	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28427537	1248	1259	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28427537	1264	1274	predictive	T080	C0681890
28427537	1275	1285	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28427537	1300	1311	pathologies	T091	C0030664
28427537	1313	1320	obesity	T047	C0028754
28427537	1322	1340	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0039082
28427537	1342	1357	type-2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28427537	1403	1414	development	T169	C1527148
28427537	1418	1431	methodologies	T062	C0086912
28427537	1435	1443	identify	T080	C0205396
28427537	1457	1467	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28427537	1471	1480	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28427537	1481	1489	exposure	T080	C0332157

28427543|t|Changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour following pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COPD
28427543|a|A more profound investigation about the responses in activity levels following pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with COPD is needed. We aimed to describe groups of patients with COPD according to patterns of change in physical activity and sedentary behaviour following PR. 90 patients with COPD (60% male; mean age 67 ± 8; median FEV1 47 (32-62) %pred) completed a comprehensive PR programme. A triaxial accelerometer was used to assess the time in sedentary behaviour, light activities and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Additionally, exercise capacity, quality of life, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were assessed before and after PR. Six groups with different patterns of change in physical activity and sedentary behaviour were identified. The two most prevalent patterns were represented by good responders (increase in physical activity and reduction in sedentary behaviour, 34%) and poor responders (decrease in physical activity and increase in sedentary behaviour, 30%). Good responders had greater improvements in six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and symptoms of depression than poor responders (P < 0.05 for all). Strong correlation was found between changes in sedentary behaviour and changes in light activities (rs = -0.89; P < 0.0001). Changes in 6MWD correlated fairly with changes in sedentary behaviour (rs = -0.26), light activities (rs = 0.25), and MVPA (rs = 0.24); P < 0.05 for all. Different patterns of change in activity levels following PR can be found in patients with COPD. Focusing on light physical activities might be a potential strategy to make patients less sedentary, but for this to be achieved prior (or at least parallel) improvements in functional capacity seem to be necessary.
28427543	0	28	Changes in physical activity	T033	C0851408
28427543	33	52	sedentary behaviour	T033	C3824706
28427543	63	87	pulmonary rehabilitation	T061	C0199529
28427543	91	99	patients	T101	C0030705
28427543	105	109	COPD	T047	C0024117
28427543	150	159	responses	T032	C0871261
28427543	163	178	activity levels	T033	C0683317
28427543	189	213	pulmonary rehabilitation	T061	C0199529
28427543	215	217	PR	T061	C0199529
28427543	222	230	patients	T101	C0030705
28427543	236	240	COPD	T047	C0024117
28427543	283	291	patients	T101	C0030705
28427543	297	301	COPD	T047	C0024117
28427543	315	323	patterns	T080	C1272746
28427543	327	354	change in physical activity	T033	C0851408
28427543	359	378	sedentary behaviour	T033	C3824706
28427543	389	391	PR	T061	C0199529
28427543	396	404	patients	T101	C0030705
28427543	410	414	COPD	T047	C0024117
28427543	420	424	male	T032	C0086582
28427543	431	434	age	T032	C0001779
28427543	450	454	FEV1	T034	C3839615
28427543	499	501	PR	T061	C0199529
28427543	524	537	accelerometer	T074	C0178951
28427543	569	588	sedentary behaviour	T033	C3824706
28427543	596	606	activities	T056	C0026606
28427543	611	649	moderate-to-vigorous physical activity	T201	C4255242
28427543	651	655	MVPA	T201	C4255242
28427543	672	680	exercise	T056	C0026606
28427543	681	689	capacity	T081	C1516240
28427543	691	706	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28427543	712	720	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28427543	724	731	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28427543	736	746	depression	T048	C0011570
28427543	752	760	assessed	T052	C1516048
28427543	778	780	PR	T061	C0199529
28427543	808	816	patterns	T080	C1272746
28427543	820	847	change in physical activity	T033	C0851408
28427543	852	871	sedentary behaviour	T033	C3824706
28427543	877	887	identified	T080	C0205396
28427543	912	920	patterns	T080	C1272746
28427543	941	956	good responders	T033	C0919876
28427543	958	987	increase in physical activity	T033	C3694428
28427543	1005	1024	sedentary behaviour	T033	C3824706
28427543	1035	1050	poor responders	T033	C0919876
28427543	1052	1081	decrease in physical activity	T033	C0391853
28427543	1086	1094	increase	T169	C0442805
28427543	1098	1117	sedentary behaviour	T033	C3824706
28427543	1125	1140	Good responders	T033	C0919876
28427543	1153	1165	improvements	T077	C2986411
28427543	1169	1193	six-minute walk distance	T081	C3854161
28427543	1195	1199	6MWD	T081	C3854161
28427543	1205	1213	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28427543	1217	1227	depression	T048	C0011570
28427543	1233	1248	poor responders	T033	C0919876
28427543	1276	1287	correlation	T080	C1707520
28427543	1306	1313	changes	T169	C0392747
28427543	1317	1336	sedentary behaviour	T033	C3824706
28427543	1341	1348	changes	T169	C0392747
28427543	1395	1402	Changes	T169	C0392747
28427543	1406	1410	6MWD	T081	C3854161
28427543	1434	1441	changes	T169	C0392747
28427543	1434	1441	changes	T169	C0392747
28427543	1445	1464	sedentary behaviour	T033	C3824706
28427543	1513	1517	MVPA	T201	C4255242
28427543	1559	1567	patterns	T080	C1272746
28427543	1581	1596	activity levels	T033	C0683317
28427543	1607	1609	PR	T061	C0199529
28427543	1626	1634	patients	T101	C0030705
28427543	1640	1644	COPD	T047	C0024117
28427543	1664	1683	physical activities	T056	C0026606
28427543	1695	1704	potential	T080	C3245505
28427543	1705	1713	strategy	T041	C0679199
28427543	1722	1730	patients	T101	C0030705
28427543	1736	1745	sedentary	T080	C0205254
28427543	1804	1816	improvements	T077	C2986411
28427543	1820	1839	functional capacity	T033	C1998319

28427655|t|Effect of ultrasound and enzymatic pre-treatment on yield and properties of banana juice
28427655|a|Effect of ultrasound and enzymatic pre-treatments with cellulase and pectinase on yield and properties of banana juice were investigated. A two-level full factorial design was employed. The factors selected were ultrasonication time (0 and 30 min), cellulase concentration (0 and 0.2%) and pectinase concentration (0 and 0.2%). The responses studied were yield, viscosity, clarity, total soluble solids (TSS) and pH. It was observed that pectinase was more effective in increasing the yield of juice compared to cellulase. Ultrasonic pre-treatment alone did not significantly increase the yield of juice. When ultrasound was combined with pre-treatment with both the enzymes maximum yield of 89.40% was obtained compared to 47.30% in the control. The viscosity of the juice decreased with addition of enzymes and with application of ultrasound. The clarity of the juice was not affected by cellulase treatment, but improved with pectinase treatment. Ultrasonication alone was found to be more effective than pectinase or cellulase treatment in improving the clarity of the juice. The TSS increased with enzymatic treatment, ultrasonication and their combination. pH was not affected by treatment type, but was found to be lower for the treated juices. Significant correlations were observed between the various responses.
28427655	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
28427655	10	20	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28427655	25	34	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28427655	35	48	pre-treatment	T052	C3539076
28427655	52	57	yield	T081	C0392762
28427655	62	72	properties	T080	C0871161
28427655	76	82	banana	T168	C0004722
28427655	83	88	juice	T168	C1268568
28427655	89	95	Effect	T080	C1280500
28427655	99	109	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28427655	114	123	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28427655	124	138	pre-treatments	T052	C3539076
28427655	144	153	cellulase	T116,T121,T126	C0007641
28427655	158	167	pectinase	T116,T126	C0032491
28427655	171	176	yield	T081	C0392762
28427655	181	191	properties	T080	C0871161
28427655	195	201	banana	T168	C0004722
28427655	202	207	juice	T168	C1268568
28427655	213	225	investigated	T169	C1292732
28427655	229	260	two-level full factorial design	UnknownType	C0681865
28427655	301	321	ultrasonication time	T079	C0040223
28427655	332	335	min	T079	C0439232
28427655	338	347	cellulase	T116,T121,T126	C0007641
28427655	348	361	concentration	T081	C0392762
28427655	379	388	pectinase	T116,T126	C0032491
28427655	389	402	concentration	T081	C0392762
28427655	444	449	yield	T081	C0392762
28427655	451	460	viscosity	T070	C0042784
28427655	462	469	clarity	T059	C3272888
28427655	471	491	total soluble solids	T081	C0392762
28427655	493	496	TSS	T081	C0392762
28427655	502	504	pH	T081	C0020283
28427655	527	536	pectinase	T116,T126	C0032491
28427655	546	555	effective	T080	C1704419
28427655	559	569	increasing	T169	C0442808
28427655	574	579	yield	T081	C0392762
28427655	583	588	juice	T168	C1268568
28427655	601	610	cellulase	T116,T121,T126	C0007641
28427655	612	636	Ultrasonic pre-treatment	T052	C3539076
28427655	647	650	not	T033	C1513916
28427655	651	673	significantly increase	T169	C0442805
28427655	678	683	yield	T081	C0392762
28427655	687	692	juice	T168	C1268568
28427655	699	709	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28427655	728	741	pre-treatment	T052	C3539076
28427655	756	763	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28427655	764	777	maximum yield	T081	C0392762
28427655	827	834	control	T096	C0009932
28427655	840	849	viscosity	T070	C0042784
28427655	857	862	juice	T168	C1268568
28427655	863	872	decreased	T081	C0205216
28427655	890	897	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28427655	922	932	ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28427655	938	945	clarity	T080	C2963144
28427655	953	958	juice	T168	C1268568
28427655	979	988	cellulase	T116,T121,T126	C0007641
28427655	989	998	treatment	T169	C1522326
28427655	1004	1012	improved	T033	C0184511
28427655	1018	1027	pectinase	T116,T126	C0032491
28427655	1028	1037	treatment	T169	C1522326
28427655	1039	1054	Ultrasonication	T070	C1456803
28427655	1082	1091	effective	T080	C1704419
28427655	1097	1106	pectinase	T116,T126	C0032491
28427655	1110	1119	cellulase	T116,T121,T126	C0007641
28427655	1120	1129	treatment	T169	C1522326
28427655	1133	1142	improving	T080	C1272745
28427655	1147	1154	clarity	T201	C0486588
28427655	1162	1167	juice	T168	C1268568
28427655	1173	1176	TSS	T081	C0392762
28427655	1177	1186	increased	T081	C0205217
28427655	1192	1201	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28427655	1202	1211	treatment	T169	C1522326
28427655	1213	1228	ultrasonication	T070	C1456803
28427655	1252	1254	pH	T081	C0020283
28427655	1275	1284	treatment	T169	C1522326
28427655	1325	1332	treated	T169	C1522326
28427655	1333	1339	juices	T168	C1268568
28427655	1341	1365	Significant correlations	T080	C1707520

28427765|t|EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: The diagnosis and management of patients with primary biliary cholangitis
28427765|a|Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune cholestatic liver disease, which when untreated will culminate in end-stage biliary cirrhosis. Diagnosis is usually based on the presence of serum liver tests indicative of a cholestatic hepatitis in association with circulating antimitochondrial antibodies. Patient presentation and course can be diverse and risk stratification is important to ensure all patients receive a personalised approach to their care. The goals of treatment and management are the prevention of end-stage liver disease, and the amelioration of associated symptoms. Pharmacologic approaches in practice, to reduce the impact of the progressive nature of disease, currently include licensed therapies (ursodeoxycholic acid and obeticholic acid) and off-label therapies (fibric acid derivatives, budesonide). These clinical practice guidelines summarise the evidence for the importance of a structured, life-long and individualised, approach to the care of patients with PBC, providing a framework to help clinicians diagnose and effectively manage patients.
28427765	0	33	EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines	T170	C0282451
28427765	39	48	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28427765	53	63	management	T058	C0030677
28427765	67	75	patients	T101	C0030705
28427765	81	108	primary biliary cholangitis	T047	C0008312
28427765	109	136	Primary biliary cholangitis	T047	C0008312
28427765	138	141	PBC	T047	C0008312
28427765	148	168	chronic inflammatory	T046	C0021376
28427765	169	205	autoimmune cholestatic liver disease	T047	C0860204
28427765	218	227	untreated	T033	C0243095
28427765	246	255	end-stage	T080	C0205088
28427765	256	273	biliary cirrhosis	T047	C0023892
28427765	275	284	Diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28427765	309	317	presence	T033	C0150312
28427765	321	338	serum liver tests	T059	C0023901
28427765	355	376	cholestatic hepatitis	T047	C0149904
28427765	380	396	association with	T080	C0439849
28427765	409	437	antimitochondrial antibodies	T116,T129	C0312621
28427765	439	446	Patient	T101	C0030705
28427765	447	459	presentation	T078	C0449450
28427765	464	470	course	T079	C0750729
28427765	478	485	diverse	T080	C1880371
28427765	490	494	risk	T078	C0035647
28427765	495	509	stratification	T062	C1514983
28427765	513	522	important	T080	C3898777
28427765	537	545	patients	T101	C0030705
28427765	569	577	approach	T082	C0449445
28427765	587	591	care	T052	C1947933
28427765	597	615	goals of treatment	T170	C0679840
28427765	620	630	management	T058	C0030677
28427765	639	649	prevention	T169	C1292733
28427765	653	662	end-stage	T080	C0205088
28427765	663	676	liver disease	T047	C0023895
28427765	686	698	amelioration	T033	C0243095
28427765	702	721	associated symptoms	T184	C0521989
28427765	723	747	Pharmacologic approaches	T091	C0031330
28427765	789	800	progressive	T169	C0205329
28427765	801	818	nature of disease	T080	C0449786
28427765	838	846	licensed	T064	C0242373
28427765	847	856	therapies	T061	C0040808
28427765	858	878	ursodeoxycholic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0042105
28427765	883	899	obeticholic acid	T109,T121	C1143018
28427765	905	924	off-label therapies	T058	C1096117
28427765	926	949	fibric acid derivatives	T109	C2936462
28427765	951	961	budesonide	T109,T121	C0054201
28427765	970	998	clinical practice guidelines	T170	C0282451
28427765	1013	1021	evidence	T078	C3887511
28427765	1104	1108	care	T052	C1947933
28427765	1112	1120	patients	T101	C0030705
28427765	1126	1129	PBC	T047	C0008312
28427765	1161	1171	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28427765	1172	1180	diagnose	T062	C1704656
28427765	1204	1212	patients	T101	C0030705

28427900|t|Molecular cloning and characterization of kiss1 in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
28427900|a|Kisspeptin, encoded by kiss1, has been regarded as a major modulator of mammalian puberty and fertility due to its stimulation on GnRH. Brandt's vole is one of the main pest species on the Inner Mongolian steppes for its striking reproductive capacity and kiss1 is a key candidate gene related to reproductive regulatory cascades. In this study, kiss1 cDNA was cloned from the hypothalamus of Brandt's voles and kiss1 mRNA levels were investigated in different tissues, and at different developmental stages, using high-throughput real-time PCR. The full-length kiss1 cDNA was 682bp, containing an ORF of 405bp, encoding 134 amino acids with a conserved kisspeptin-10 region. Kiss1 mRNA was specifically expressed in ovary, testicle, small intestine, kidney, liver and hypothalamus tissues, and was undetectable in other tissues, including pituitary, heart, adrenal gland, bladder and uterus. Sexual organs of both male and female voles enter a period of rapid development in the postnatal 4 weeks and reach or approach sexual maturity by 8 weeks after birth. Kiss1 mRNA levels in the hypothalamus did not show a significant difference between week 2 and week 4, indicating kiss1 mRNA levels may not be related to the rapid growth of the sexual organs in early developmental stages. Kiss1 transcripts significantly increased in both sexes 8 weeks after birth, and then were maintained at high levels in adults, indicating its possible role in the onset of puberty and maintaining of reproductive activity. These results are helpful to further the study of kiss1 function in reproductive regulation of Brandt's voles.
28427900	0	17	Molecular cloning	T059,T063	C0009017
28427900	42	47	kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	51	65	Brandt's voles	T015	C2272478
28427900	67	88	Lasiopodomys brandtii	T015	C2272478
28427900	90	100	Kisspeptin	T116,T123	C3146273
28427900	113	118	kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	162	171	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28427900	172	179	puberty	T039	C0034011
28427900	184	193	fertility	T040	C0015895
28427900	205	216	stimulation	T043	C0007613
28427900	220	224	GnRH	T116,T121,T125	C0023610
28427900	226	239	Brandt's vole	T015	C2272478
28427900	259	271	pest species	T185	C1705920
28427900	279	302	Inner Mongolian steppes	T082	C0442534
28427900	320	332	reproductive	T040	C0035150
28427900	333	341	capacity	T081	C1516240
28427900	346	351	kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	371	375	gene	T028	C0017337
28427900	387	419	reproductive regulatory cascades	T038	C3157419
28427900	429	434	study	T062	C2603343
28427900	436	441	kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	442	446	cDNA	T114	C0006556
28427900	451	457	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
28427900	467	479	hypothalamus	T023	C1280712
28427900	483	497	Brandt's voles	T015	C2272478
28427900	502	507	kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	508	512	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28427900	513	519	levels	T080	C0441889
28427900	551	558	tissues	T024	C0040300
28427900	577	597	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
28427900	605	634	high-throughput real-time PCR	T063	C0032520
28427900	652	657	kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	658	662	cDNA	T114	C0006556
28427900	688	691	ORF	T028	C0079941
28427900	715	726	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28427900	744	757	kisspeptin-10	T116,T123	C3179410
28427900	766	771	Kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	772	776	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28427900	807	812	ovary	T023	C0029939
28427900	814	822	testicle	T023	C0039597
28427900	824	839	small intestine	T023	C0021852
28427900	841	847	kidney	T023	C0022646
28427900	849	854	liver	T023	C0023884
28427900	859	871	hypothalamus	T023	C1280712
28427900	872	879	tissues	T024	C0040300
28427900	911	918	tissues	T024	C0040300
28427900	930	939	pituitary	T023	C0032005
28427900	941	946	heart	T023	C0018787
28427900	948	961	adrenal gland	T023	C0001625
28427900	963	970	bladder	T023	C0005682
28427900	975	981	uterus	T023	C0042149
28427900	983	996	Sexual organs	T023	C0178784
28427900	1005	1009	male	T032	C0086582
28427900	1014	1020	female	T032	C0086287
28427900	1021	1026	voles	T015	C2272478
28427900	1045	1062	rapid development	T039	C0243107
28427900	1070	1079	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28427900	1082	1087	weeks	T079	C0439230
28427900	1131	1136	weeks	T079	C0439230
28427900	1143	1148	birth	T040	C0005615
28427900	1150	1155	Kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	1156	1160	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28427900	1175	1187	hypothalamus	T023	C1280712
28427900	1234	1238	week	T079	C0439230
28427900	1245	1249	week	T079	C0439230
28427900	1264	1269	kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	1270	1274	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28427900	1275	1281	levels	T080	C0441889
28427900	1328	1341	sexual organs	T023	C0178784
28427900	1351	1371	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
28427900	1373	1378	Kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	1379	1390	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28427900	1423	1428	sexes	T032	C0079399
28427900	1431	1436	weeks	T079	C0439230
28427900	1443	1448	birth	T040	C0005615
28427900	1493	1499	adults	T100	C0001675
28427900	1546	1553	puberty	T039	C0034011
28427900	1637	1642	study	T062	C2603343
28427900	1646	1651	kiss1	T028	C1334307
28427900	1664	1687	reproductive regulation	T038	C3157419
28427900	1691	1705	Brandt's voles	T015	C2272478

28428293|t|Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus cereus LA2007, a Human-Pathogenic Isolate Harboring Anthrax -Like Plasmids
28428293|a|We present the genome sequence of Bacillus cereus LA2007, a strain isolated in 2007 from a fatal pneumonia case in Louisiana. Sequence-based genome analysis revealed that LA2007 carries a plasmid highly similar to Bacillus anthracis pXO1, including the genes responsible for the production and regulation of anthrax toxin.
28428293	0	21	Draft Genome Sequence	T086	C0162326
28428293	25	47	Bacillus cereus LA2007	T007	C0004590
28428293	51	75	Human-Pathogenic Isolate	T123	C3494793
28428293	86	93	Anthrax	T204	C1254288
28428293	86	108	Anthrax -Like Plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
28428293	124	139	genome sequence	T086	C0162326
28428293	143	165	Bacillus cereus LA2007	T007	C0004590
28428293	169	175	strain	T001	C1518614
28428293	176	184	isolated	T169	C0205409
28428293	200	215	fatal pneumonia	T047	C0004626
28428293	216	220	case	T170	C0085973
28428293	224	233	Louisiana	T083	C0024024
28428293	235	265	Sequence-based genome analysis	T059	C3854164
28428293	266	274	revealed	T080	C0443289
28428293	280	286	LA2007	T007	C0004590
28428293	287	294	carries	T033	C0699809
28428293	297	304	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28428293	323	346	Bacillus anthracis pXO1	T007	C0004589
28428293	362	367	genes	T028	C0017337
28428293	388	398	production	T131	C0444622
28428293	403	413	regulation	T038	C1327622
28428293	417	430	anthrax toxin	T116,T123,T131	C0051962

28428488|t|Improvement in Exercise Capacity by Exercise Training Associated With Favorable Clinical Outcomes in Advanced Heart Failure With High B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Level
28428488|a|The efficacy of exercise training (ET) programs and its relationship with long-term clinical outcomes in advanced heart failure (HF) patients with high levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) remain uncertain.Methods and Results:We studied 340 consecutive HF patients with ejection fraction (EF) <45% who completed a 3- month ET program. Patients with BNP ≥200 pg/mL (High - BNP, n=170) had more advanced HF characteristics, including lower EF (25.0±8.6% vs. 28.1±8.0%, P=0.0008), than those with BNP <200 pg/mL. In the High - BNP patients, peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2) was significantly increased by 8.3±16.2% during the ET program, and changes in peak V̇O2 inversely correlated with changes in BNP (R=-0.453, P<0.0001) and changes in ventilatory efficiency (V̇E / V̇CO2 slope) (R=-0.439, P<0.0001). During a median follow-up of 46 months, patients in the upper tertile of changes in peak V̇O2 (≥13.0%), compared with those in the lower tertile (<1.0%), had lower rates of the composite of all-cause death or HF hospitalization (37.9% vs. 54.4%, P=0.036) and all-cause death (8.6% vs. 24.6%, P=0.056). In the multivariate analysis, change in peak V̇O2 was a significant independent predictor of the composite outcome and all-cause death. Even among advanced HF p atient s with high BNP level, an ET program significantly improved exercise capacity, and a greater improvement in exercise capacity was associated with greater decreases in BNP level and V̇E / V̇CO2 slope and more favorable long-term clinical outcomes.
28428488	0	11	Improvement	T077	C2986411
28428488	15	32	Exercise Capacity	T081	C1516240
28428488	36	53	Exercise Training	T056	C4279936
28428488	54	69	Associated With	T080	C0332281
28428488	70	97	Favorable Clinical Outcomes	T033	C1333602
28428488	101	123	Advanced Heart Failure	T047	C0018801
28428488	129	133	High	T080	C0205250
28428488	134	160	B-Type Natriuretic Peptide	T116,T121,T125	C0054015
28428488	171	179	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28428488	183	200	exercise training	T056	C4279936
28428488	202	204	ET	T056	C4279936
28428488	206	214	programs	T169	C3484370
28428488	223	235	relationship	T080	C0439849
28428488	241	250	long-term	T079	C0443252
28428488	251	268	clinical outcomes	T080	C0085415
28428488	272	294	advanced heart failure	T047	C0018801
28428488	296	298	HF	T047	C0018801
28428488	300	308	patients	T101	C0030705
28428488	314	318	high	T080	C0205250
28428488	319	325	levels	T080	C0441889
28428488	329	355	B-type natriuretic peptide	T116,T121,T125	C0054015
28428488	357	360	BNP	T116,T121,T125	C0054015
28428488	402	409	studied	T062	C2603343
28428488	414	425	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28428488	426	428	HF	T047	C0018801
28428488	429	437	patients	T101	C0030705
28428488	443	460	ejection fraction	T060	C0489482
28428488	462	464	EF	T060	C0489482
28428488	475	484	completed	T080	C0205197
28428488	490	495	month	T079	C0439231
28428488	496	498	ET	T056	C4279936
28428488	499	506	program	T169	C3484370
28428488	508	516	Patients	T101	C0030705
28428488	522	525	BNP	T116,T121,T125	C0054015
28428488	538	542	High	T080	C0205250
28428488	545	548	BNP	T116,T121,T125	C0054015
28428488	566	574	advanced	T079	C3854260
28428488	575	577	HF	T047	C0018801
28428488	578	593	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28428488	605	613	lower EF	T033	C0743400
28428488	667	670	BNP	T116,T121,T125	C0054015
28428488	690	694	High	T080	C0205250
28428488	697	700	BNP	T116,T121,T125	C0054015
28428488	701	709	patients	T101	C0030705
28428488	711	729	peak oxygen uptake	T033	C0429693
28428488	731	735	V̇O2	T033	C0429693
28428488	755	764	increased	T081	C0205217
28428488	789	791	ET	T056	C4279936
28428488	792	799	program	T169	C3484370
28428488	805	812	changes	T169	C0392747
28428488	816	825	peak V̇O2	T033	C0429693
28428488	836	846	correlated	T080	C1707520
28428488	852	859	changes	T169	C0392747
28428488	863	866	BNP	T116,T121,T125	C0054015
28428488	892	899	changes	T169	C0392747
28428488	903	925	ventilatory efficiency	T081	C0013682
28428488	927	930	V̇E	T081	C0013682
28428488	933	938	V̇CO2	T033	C0429247
28428488	984	993	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28428488	1000	1006	months	T079	C0439231
28428488	1008	1016	patients	T101	C0030705
28428488	1030	1037	tertile	T080	C0205556
28428488	1041	1048	changes	T169	C0392747
28428488	1052	1061	peak V̇O2	T033	C0429693
28428488	1072	1080	compared	T052	C1707455
28428488	1105	1112	tertile	T080	C0205556
28428488	1132	1137	rates	T081	C1521828
28428488	1145	1154	composite	T080	C0205199
28428488	1168	1173	death	T040	C0011065
28428488	1177	1179	HF	T047	C0018801
28428488	1180	1195	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28428488	1237	1242	death	T040	C0011065
28428488	1277	1298	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28428488	1300	1306	change	T169	C0392747
28428488	1310	1319	peak V̇O2	T033	C0429693
28428488	1326	1337	significant	T078	C0750502
28428488	1350	1359	predictor	T078	C2698872
28428488	1367	1376	composite	T080	C0205199
28428488	1377	1384	outcome	T169	C1274040
28428488	1399	1404	death	T040	C0011065
28428488	1426	1428	HF	T047	C0018801
28428488	1431	1437	atient	T101	C0030705
28428488	1445	1449	high	T080	C0205250
28428488	1450	1453	BNP	T116,T121,T125	C0054015
28428488	1454	1459	level	T080	C0441889
28428488	1464	1466	ET	T056	C4279936
28428488	1467	1474	program	T169	C3484370
28428488	1489	1497	improved	T033	C0184511
28428488	1498	1506	exercise	T056	C0015259
28428488	1507	1515	capacity	T081	C1516240
28428488	1531	1542	improvement	T077	C2986411
28428488	1546	1554	exercise	T056	C0015259
28428488	1555	1563	capacity	T081	C1516240
28428488	1568	1583	associated with	T080	C0332281
28428488	1592	1601	decreases	T033	C0442797
28428488	1605	1608	BNP	T116,T121,T125	C0054015
28428488	1609	1614	level	T080	C0441889
28428488	1619	1622	V̇E	T081	C0013682
28428488	1625	1630	V̇CO2	T033	C0429247
28428488	1646	1683	favorable long-term clinical outcomes	T033	C1333602

28428818|t|Does parent-child agreement vary based on presenting problems? Results from a UK clinical sample
28428818|a|Discrepancies are often found between child and parent reports of child psychopathology, nevertheless the role of the child's presenting difficulties in relation to these is underexplored. This study investigates whether parent-child agreement on the conduct and emotional scales of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) varied as a result of certain child characteristics, including the child's presenting problems to clinical services, age and gender. The UK -based sample consisted of 16,754 clinical records of children aged 11-17, the majority of which were female (57%) and White (76%). The dataset was provided by the Child Outcomes Research Consortium, which collects outcome measures from child services across the UK. Clinicians reported the child's presenting difficulties, and parents and children completed the SDQ. Using correlation analysis, the main findings indicated that agreement varied as a result of the child's difficulties for reports of conduct problems, and this seemed to be related to the presence or absence of externalising difficulties in the child's presentation. This was not the case for reports of emotional difficulties. In addition, agreement was higher when reporting problems not consistent with the child's presentation; for instance, agreement on conduct problems was greater for children presenting with internalising problems. Lastly, the children's age and gender did not seem to have an impact on agreement. These findings demonstrate that certain child presenting difficulties, and in particular conduct problems, may be related to informant agreement and need to be considered in clinical practice and research. Trial Registration This study was observational and as such did not require trial registration.
28428818	5	17	parent-child	T099	C0260096
28428818	18	27	agreement	T054	C0680240
28428818	42	61	presenting problems	T033	C2735056
28428818	63	70	Results	T169	C1274040
28428818	78	80	UK	T083	C0041700
28428818	97	110	Discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28428818	121	126	found	T033	C0150312
28428818	135	151	child and parent	T099	C0260096
28428818	152	159	reports	T170	C0025102
28428818	163	184	child psychopathology	T091	C3826585
28428818	215	222	child's	T100	C0008059
28428818	223	246	presenting difficulties	T033	C2735056
28428818	250	258	relation	T099	C0080103
28428818	291	296	study	T062	C2603343
28428818	297	309	investigates	T169	C1292732
28428818	318	330	parent-child	T099	C0260096
28428818	331	340	agreement	T054	C0680240
28428818	348	355	conduct	T170	C4055208
28428818	360	376	emotional scales	T170	C4055070
28428818	384	424	Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire	T170	C3472494
28428818	426	429	SDQ	T170	C3472494
28428818	443	449	result	T169	C1274040
28428818	461	466	child	T100	C0008059
28428818	467	482	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28428818	484	493	including	T169	C0332257
28428818	498	505	child's	T100	C0008059
28428818	506	525	presenting problems	T033	C2735056
28428818	529	546	clinical services	T058	C1704289
28428818	548	551	age	T032	C0001779
28428818	556	562	gender	T032	C0079399
28428818	568	570	UK	T083	C0041700
28428818	578	584	sample	T098	C2348150
28428818	605	621	clinical records	T170	C1299495
28428818	625	633	children	T100	C0008059
28428818	634	638	aged	T032	C0001779
28428818	673	679	female	T032	C0086287
28428818	690	695	White	T098	C0007457
28428818	707	714	dataset	T170	C0150098
28428818	719	727	provided	T052	C1999230
28428818	735	769	Child Outcomes Research Consortium	T097	C1880171
28428818	786	802	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
28428818	808	822	child services	T058	C0008079
28428818	834	836	UK	T083	C0041700
28428818	838	848	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
28428818	849	857	reported	T058	C0700287
28428818	862	869	child's	T100	C0008059
28428818	870	893	presenting difficulties	T033	C2735056
28428818	899	906	parents	T099	C0030551
28428818	911	919	children	T100	C0008059
28428818	920	929	completed	T080	C0205197
28428818	934	937	SDQ	T170	C3472494
28428818	945	965	correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
28428818	976	984	findings	T169	C2607943
28428818	985	994	indicated	T033	C1444656
28428818	1000	1009	agreement	T054	C0680240
28428818	1022	1028	result	T169	C1274040
28428818	1036	1043	child's	T100	C0008059
28428818	1044	1056	difficulties	T080	C0332218
28428818	1061	1068	reports	T170	C0025102
28428818	1072	1088	conduct problems	T033	C0243095
28428818	1112	1119	related	T080	C0439849
28428818	1127	1135	presence	T033	C0150312
28428818	1139	1146	absence	T169	C0332197
28428818	1150	1176	externalising difficulties	T033	C0243095
28428818	1184	1191	child's	T100	C0008059
28428818	1192	1204	presentation	T078	C0449450
28428818	1223	1227	case	T169	C0868928
28428818	1232	1239	reports	T170	C0025102
28428818	1243	1265	emotional difficulties	T048	C0677660
28428818	1280	1289	agreement	T054	C0680240
28428818	1294	1300	higher	T080	C0205250
28428818	1306	1315	reporting	T058	C0700287
28428818	1316	1324	problems	T033	C0033213
28428818	1329	1344	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28428818	1349	1356	child's	T100	C0008059
28428818	1357	1369	presentation	T078	C0449450
28428818	1385	1394	agreement	T054	C0680240
28428818	1398	1414	conduct problems	T033	C0243095
28428818	1419	1426	greater	T081	C1704243
28428818	1431	1439	children	T100	C0008059
28428818	1440	1450	presenting	T078	C0449450
28428818	1456	1478	internalising problems	T033	C0243095
28428818	1492	1502	children's	T100	C0008059
28428818	1503	1506	age	T032	C0001779
28428818	1511	1517	gender	T032	C0079399
28428818	1542	1548	impact	T080	C4049986
28428818	1552	1561	agreement	T054	C0680240
28428818	1569	1577	findings	T169	C2607943
28428818	1603	1608	child	T100	C0008059
28428818	1609	1632	presenting difficulties	T033	C2735056
28428818	1652	1668	conduct problems	T033	C0243095
28428818	1677	1684	related	T080	C0439849
28428818	1688	1697	informant	T169	C1550484
28428818	1698	1707	agreement	T054	C0680240
28428818	1723	1733	considered	T078	C0750591
28428818	1737	1754	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
28428818	1759	1767	research	T062	C0008972
28428818	1769	1787	Trial Registration	T058	C1514821
28428818	1803	1816	observational	T062	C1518527
28428818	1845	1863	trial registration	T058	C1514821

28429154|t|Developing elite Neurospora crassa strains for cellulosic ethanol production using fungal breeding
28429154|a|The demand for renewable and sustainable energy has generated considerable interest in the conversion of cellulosic biomass into liquid fuels such as ethanol using a filamentous fungus. While attempts have been made to study cellulose metabolism through the use of knock-out mutants, there have been no systematic effort to characterize natural variation for cellulose metabolism in ecotypes adapted to different habitats. Here, we characterized natural variation in saccharification of cellulose and fermentation in 73 ecotypes and 89 laboratory strains of the model fungus Neurospora crassa. We observed significant variation in both traits among natural and laboratory generated populations, with some elite strains performing better than the reference strain. In the F1 population N345, 15% of the population outperformed both parents with the top performing strain having 10% improvement in ethanol production. These results suggest that natural alleles can be exploited through fungal breeding for developing elite industrial strains for bioethanol production.
28429154	11	16	elite	T080	C1522427
28429154	17	34	Neurospora crassa	T004	C0027923
28429154	35	42	strains	T001	C1518614
28429154	47	57	cellulosic	T109,T123	C0007648
28429154	58	76	ethanol production	T040	C0678710
28429154	83	89	fungal	T169	C0521033
28429154	90	98	breeding	T040	C1260875
28429154	114	123	renewable	T169	C3178762
28429154	128	146	sustainable energy	T169	C3178763
28429154	151	160	generated	T052	C3146294
28429154	174	182	interest	T041	C0543488
28429154	190	200	conversion	T169	C0439836
28429154	204	214	cellulosic	T109,T123	C0007648
28429154	215	222	biomass	T081	C0005535
28429154	228	234	liquid	T167	C0302908
28429154	235	240	fuels	T073	C0556991
28429154	249	256	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28429154	265	283	filamentous fungus	T004	C0016832
28429154	291	299	attempts	T051	C1516084
28429154	318	323	study	T062	C2603343
28429154	324	344	cellulose metabolism	T044	C1157836
28429154	357	363	use of	T169	C1524063
28429154	364	373	knock-out	T050	C1522225
28429154	374	381	mutants	T049	C0596988
28429154	402	412	systematic	T169	C0220922
28429154	423	435	characterize	T052	C1880022
28429154	436	443	natural	T169	C0205296
28429154	444	453	variation	T070	C0042333
28429154	458	478	cellulose metabolism	T044	C1157836
28429154	482	490	ecotypes	T032	C3178911
28429154	491	498	adapted	T070	C0001398
28429154	502	511	different	T080	C1705242
28429154	512	520	habitats	T082	C0871648
28429154	531	544	characterized	T052	C1880022
28429154	545	552	natural	T169	C0205296
28429154	553	562	variation	T070	C0042333
28429154	566	582	saccharification	T067	C1254366
28429154	586	595	cellulose	T109,T123	C0007648
28429154	600	612	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28429154	619	627	ecotypes	T032	C3178911
28429154	635	645	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28429154	646	653	strains	T001	C1518614
28429154	661	666	model	T170	C3161035
28429154	667	673	fungus	T004	C0016832
28429154	674	691	Neurospora crassa	T004	C0027923
28429154	696	704	observed	T169	C1441672
28429154	705	716	significant	T078	C0750502
28429154	717	726	variation	T070	C0042333
28429154	735	741	traits	T032	C0599883
28429154	748	755	natural	T169	C0205296
28429154	760	780	laboratory generated	T080	C2346631
28429154	781	792	populations	T004	C0016832
28429154	804	809	elite	T080	C1522427
28429154	810	817	strains	T001	C1518614
28429154	818	828	performing	T169	C0884358
28429154	829	835	better	T080	C0332272
28429154	845	854	reference	T081	C0034925
28429154	855	861	strain	T001	C1518614
28429154	870	888	F1 population N345	T099	C0314650
28429154	901	911	population	T004	C0016832
28429154	930	937	parents	T004	C0016832
28429154	951	961	performing	T169	C0884358
28429154	962	968	strain	T001	C1518614
28429154	980	991	improvement	T077	C2986411
28429154	995	1013	ethanol production	T040	C0678710
28429154	1021	1028	results	T034	C1254595
28429154	1042	1049	natural	T169	C0205296
28429154	1050	1057	alleles	T028	C0002085
28429154	1083	1089	fungal	T169	C0521033
28429154	1090	1098	breeding	T040	C1260875
28429154	1114	1119	elite	T080	C1522427
28429154	1120	1130	industrial	T057	C0021267
28429154	1131	1138	strains	T001	C1518614
28429154	1143	1164	bioethanol production	T040	C0678710

28429315|t|The Mitochondrion of Euglena gracilis
28429315|a|In the presence of oxygen, Euglena gracilis mitochondria function much like mammalian mitochondria. Under anaerobiosis, E. gracilis mitochondria perform a malonyl-CoA independent synthesis of fatty acids leading to accumulation of wax esters, which serve as the sink for electrons stemming from glycolytic ATP synthesis and pyruvate oxidation. Some components (enzymes and cofactors) of Euglena's anaerobic energy metabolism are found among the anaerobic mitochondria of invertebrates, others are found among hydrogenosomes, the H2-producing anaerobic mitochondria of protists.
28429315	4	17	Mitochondrion	T026	C0026237
28429315	21	37	Euglena gracilis	T204	C0015155
28429315	57	63	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28429315	65	81	Euglena gracilis	T204	C0015155
28429315	82	94	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28429315	95	103	function	T043	C0920430
28429315	114	123	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28429315	124	136	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28429315	144	156	anaerobiosis	T040	C0002750
28429315	158	169	E. gracilis	T204	C0015155
28429315	170	182	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28429315	193	204	malonyl-CoA	T114,T123	C0024645
28429315	205	216	independent	T169	C0332291
28429315	217	241	synthesis of fatty acids	T044	C0596562
28429315	253	265	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28429315	269	279	wax esters	T109,T123	C0369212
28429315	309	327	electrons stemming	T044	C0013846
28429315	333	343	glycolytic	T044	C0017952
28429315	344	357	ATP synthesis	T044	C1157223
28429315	362	380	pyruvate oxidation	T044	C1158862
28429315	387	397	components	T123	C0574031
28429315	399	406	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28429315	411	420	cofactors	T123	C0178555
28429315	425	434	Euglena's	T204	C0015155
28429315	435	444	anaerobic	T040	C4279968
28429315	445	462	energy metabolism	T039	C0014272
28429315	483	492	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
28429315	493	505	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28429315	509	522	invertebrates	T204	C0021948
28429315	547	561	hydrogenosomes	T026	C1523865
28429315	567	579	H2-producing	T038	C3822293
28429315	580	589	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
28429315	590	602	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28429315	606	614	protists	T001	C0597305

28429354|t|The role of the hippocampus and the function of calcitonin gene-related peptide in the mechanism of traumatic brain injury accelerating fracture-healing
28429354|a|This research attempts to identify the part the hippocampus plays in accelerated fracture-healing after traumatic brain injury as well as to test functions of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) during this process. Experiments were carried out on Male Sprague-Dawley rats that were split into four groups at random: TBI - fracture group, fracture - only group, TBI - only group, and control group. In the first week, blood specimen would be drawn from rats among the groups except those of the control group at three-time points (24, 72 and 168 hours) post - damage. These rats would be assessed from the neurological perspective based on their grades of performance in a sequence of tests 24 hours before and 12 hours after brain injury. Blood samples were also taken from the control group 24 hours before the injury, and whole brain tissues in the injured groups were harvested at 72 and 168 hours post - injury. We compared the serum CGRP concentration, the distribution of CGRP, the CGRP expression, and the expression of CGRP in the hippocampus, the expression of CGRP in the hippocampus, the expression of CGRP in the hippocampus, and the expression of CGRP in the brain by immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, RT - Of CGRP RNA expression levels. Neurological examinations suggested that the functions of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem showed significant differences pre - and post - injury (p < 0.001). ELISA analysis indicated a great density of CGRP in TBI - fracture group at different time points. Furthermore, in the TBI - fracture group, CGRP in both hippocampus and the whole brain showed a noticeable augment in RT-PCR and western blot analysis at 72 and 168 h post - injury, and only in this group, immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that CGRP was present in the hippocampus at 168 hours post - injury. We observed that the hippocampus and CGRP were responsible for quick bone-healing mechanisms. We suggest a role for the hippocampus in accelerated fracture healing. CGRP expression, as determined by IHC, cannot be observed in other groups, indicating that the hippocampus may be the specific component of the brain that responds to " big stress ".
28429354	16	27	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28429354	48	79	calcitonin gene-related peptide	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	100	122	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
28429354	136	152	fracture-healing	T042	C0162542
28429354	201	212	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28429354	234	250	fracture-healing	T042	C0162542
28429354	257	279	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
28429354	312	343	calcitonin gene-related peptide	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	345	349	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	409	428	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
28429354	455	461	groups	T078	C0441833
28429354	473	476	TBI	T037	C0876926
28429354	479	487	fracture	T037	C0016658
28429354	488	493	group	T078	C0441833
28429354	495	503	fracture	T037	C0016658
28429354	506	510	only	T081	C0205171
28429354	511	516	group	T078	C0441833
28429354	518	521	TBI	T037	C0876926
28429354	524	528	only	T081	C0205171
28429354	529	534	group	T078	C0441833
28429354	540	553	control group	T096	C0009932
28429354	574	588	blood specimen	T031	C0178913
28429354	609	613	rats	T015	C0034715
28429354	624	630	groups	T078	C0441833
28429354	651	664	control group	T096	C0009932
28429354	709	713	post	T079	C0687676
28429354	716	722	damage	T037	C0270611
28429354	730	734	rats	T015	C0034715
28429354	762	774	neurological	T080	C0205494
28429354	882	894	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28429354	896	909	Blood samples	T059	C1277698
28429354	935	948	control group	T096	C0009932
28429354	969	975	injury	T037	C0270611
28429354	987	1000	brain tissues	T023	C0459385
28429354	1008	1015	injured	T169	C0332664
28429354	1016	1022	groups	T078	C0441833
28429354	1028	1037	harvested	T061	C0185110
28429354	1058	1062	post	T079	C0687676
28429354	1065	1071	injury	T037	C0270611
28429354	1089	1094	serum	T031	C0229671
28429354	1095	1099	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	1100	1113	concentration	T081	C1446561
28429354	1135	1139	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	1145	1149	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	1150	1160	expression	T045	C1171362
28429354	1170	1180	expression	T045	C1171362
28429354	1184	1188	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	1196	1207	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28429354	1213	1223	expression	T045	C1171362
28429354	1227	1231	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	1239	1250	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28429354	1256	1266	expression	T045	C1171362
28429354	1270	1274	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	1282	1293	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28429354	1303	1313	expression	T045	C1171362
28429354	1317	1321	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	1329	1334	brain	T023	C0006104
28429354	1338	1358	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28429354	1360	1376	Western blotting	T059	C0949466
28429354	1378	1380	RT	T045	C0035380
28429354	1386	1390	CGRP	T028	C0017337
28429354	1391	1405	RNA expression	T045	C1515670
28429354	1414	1439	Neurological examinations	T060	C0027853
28429354	1476	1491	cerebral cortex	T023	C0007776
28429354	1493	1503	cerebellum	T023	C0007765
28429354	1509	1519	brain stem	T023	C0006121
28429354	1551	1554	pre	T079	C0332152
28429354	1561	1565	post	T079	C0687676
28429354	1568	1574	injury	T037	C0270611
28429354	1588	1602	ELISA analysis	T059	C0014441
28429354	1632	1636	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	1640	1643	TBI	T037	C0876926
28429354	1646	1654	fracture	T037	C0016658
28429354	1655	1660	group	T078	C0441833
28429354	1707	1710	TBI	T037	C0876926
28429354	1713	1721	fracture	T037	C0016658
28429354	1722	1727	group	T078	C0441833
28429354	1729	1733	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	1742	1753	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28429354	1762	1773	whole brain	T023	C1269537
28429354	1805	1811	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28429354	1816	1837	western blot analysis	T059	C0949466
28429354	1854	1858	post	T079	C0687676
28429354	1861	1867	injury	T037	C0270611
28429354	1873	1877	only	T081	C0205171
28429354	1893	1922	immunohistochemistry analysis	T060	C0021044
28429354	1938	1942	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	1962	1973	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28429354	1987	1991	post	T079	C0687676
28429354	1994	2000	injury	T037	C0270611
28429354	2023	2034	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28429354	2039	2043	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	2071	2083	bone-healing	T047	C3687232
28429354	2122	2133	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28429354	2149	2165	fracture healing	T042	C0162542
28429354	2167	2171	CGRP	T116,T125	C0006669
28429354	2172	2182	expression	T045	C1171362
28429354	2201	2204	IHC	T060	C0021044
28429354	2234	2240	groups	T078	C0441833
28429354	2262	2273	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28429354	2311	2316	brain	T023	C0006104
28429354	2336	2346	big stress	T046	C0449430

28429412|t|Bone extracellular matrix hydrogel enhances osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and mouse primary calvarial cells
28429412|a|Hydrogel scaffolds derived from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammalian tissues have been successfully used to promote tissue repair in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osteogenic potential of ECM hydrogels prepared from demineralized and decellularized bovine bone in the presence and absence of osteogenic medium. Culture of C2C12 and mouse primary calvarial cells (mPCs) on decellularized bone ECM (bECM) and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) gels resulted in increased expression of osteogenic gene markers, including a 3.6- and 13.4-fold increase in osteopontin and 15.7- and 27.1-fold increase in osteocalcin when mPCs were cultured upon bECM with basal and osteogenic media, respectively. bECM hydrogels stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of C2C12 and mPCs even in the absence of osteogenic medium. These results suggest that bECM hydrogel scaffolds may have great utility in future clinical applications for bone tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2017.
28429412	0	4	Bone	T024	C0391978
28429412	5	25	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
28429412	26	34	hydrogel	T122	C0600484
28429412	44	70	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C0007589
28429412	74	89	C2C12 myoblasts	T025	C0596995
28429412	94	99	mouse	T015	C0025929
28429412	108	117	calvarial	T023	C0205950
28429412	118	123	cells	T025	C0007634
28429412	124	142	Hydrogel scaffolds	T122	C0600484
28429412	160	180	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
28429412	182	185	ECM	T024	C0015350
28429412	190	207	mammalian tissues	T024	C0040300
28429412	247	260	tissue repair	T040	C0043240
28429412	261	269	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28429412	274	281	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28429412	305	310	study	T062	C2603343
28429412	331	351	osteogenic potential	T042	C0029433
28429412	355	358	ECM	T024	C0015350
28429412	359	368	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
28429412	383	396	demineralized	T122	C1832069
28429412	401	427	decellularized bovine bone	T122	C0005479
28429412	459	476	osteogenic medium	T130	C0010454
28429412	478	485	Culture	T059	C0430400
28429412	489	494	C2C12	T025	C0596995
28429412	499	504	mouse	T015	C0025929
28429412	513	522	calvarial	T023	C0205950
28429412	523	528	cells	T025	C0007634
28429412	530	534	mPCs	T025	C0007634
28429412	539	562	decellularized bone ECM	T122	C0005479
28429412	564	568	bECM	T122	C0005479
28429412	574	599	demineralized bone matrix	T122	C1832069
28429412	601	604	DBM	T122	C1832069
28429412	606	610	gels	T122	C0600484
28429412	633	643	expression	T059	C0600223
28429412	647	670	osteogenic gene markers	T045	C0017393
28429412	715	726	osteopontin	T116,T123	C0069676
28429412	763	774	osteocalcin	T116,T123	C0029419
28429412	780	784	mPCs	T025	C0007634
28429412	790	798	cultured	T059	C0430400
28429412	804	808	bECM	T122	C0005479
28429412	814	819	basal	T130	C0010454
28429412	824	840	osteogenic media	T130	C0010454
28429412	856	860	bECM	T122	C0005479
28429412	861	870	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
28429412	886	912	osteogenic differentiation	T043	C0007589
28429412	916	921	C2C12	T025	C0596995
28429412	926	930	mPCs	T025	C0007634
28429412	954	971	osteogenic medium	T130	C0010454
28429412	1000	1004	bECM	T122	C0005479
28429412	1005	1023	hydrogel scaffolds	T122	C0600484
28429412	1057	1065	clinical	T080	C0205210
28429412	1066	1078	applications	T169	C4048755
28429412	1083	1087	bone	T024	C0391978
28429412	1088	1106	tissue engineering	T061	C0596171

28429500|t|Electrocardiographic appearance of aortic stenosis before and after aortic valve replacement
28429500|a|So far, the specific appearance of QRS complex, ST-segment, and T wave was observed in aortic stenosis (AS). S-wave dynamic change in leads V1 - V3 was not reported in AS. In a single-center, prospective study, we included a total number of 1.175 patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). We conducted 3-year gathering of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic severe AS, and separated them by hemodynamic stability into groups A and B, through EFLV (of more or less than 50%), AVA (of more or less than 0.9 cm(2)), PG (between 55 and 75 mm Hg or over 75 mm Hg), and end-diastolic LV dimension (of more or less than 56 mm). We evaluated the impact of S-wave magnitude in right precordial leads before and after AVR in all patients. We followed S-wave changes in electrocardiogram altogether with hemodynamic measurements derived from echocardiography. Analysis of echocardiographic parameters, measured in patients before surgery, did not show statistical significance between asymptomatic and symptomatic group. The statistical significance was observed in the change in S-wave magnitude in the right precordial leads in both subsets of patients before AVR. We found statistically significant predictive value of S-wave magnitude in leads V2 - V3 for dependent variables PG and end-diastolic LV dimension. S-wave changes in right precordial leads can predict increase in PG and critical narrowing of AVA, suggestive of timely referral for AVR.
28429500	0	31	Electrocardiographic appearance	T034	C0428946
28429500	35	50	aortic stenosis	T047	C0003507
28429500	68	92	aortic valve replacement	T061	C0003506
28429500	128	139	QRS complex	T033	C0429097
28429500	141	151	ST-segment	T033	C0429029
28429500	157	163	T wave	T033	C0239242
28429500	168	176	observed	T169	C1441672
28429500	180	195	aortic stenosis	T047	C0003507
28429500	197	199	AS	T047	C0003507
28429500	202	208	S-wave	T033	C0429094
28429500	209	216	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28429500	217	223	change	T169	C0392747
28429500	227	235	leads V1	T029	C0441907
28429500	238	240	V3	T029	C0449218
28429500	261	263	AS	T047	C0003507
28429500	285	302	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28429500	340	348	patients	T101	C0030705
28429500	363	371	surgical	T061	C0543467
28429500	372	396	aortic valve replacement	T061	C0003506
28429500	398	401	AVR	T061	C0003506
28429500	437	445	patients	T101	C0030705
28429500	451	462	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28429500	467	479	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28429500	487	489	AS	T047	C0003507
28429500	513	534	hemodynamic stability	T039	C0489528
28429500	564	568	EFLV	T201	C0428772
28429500	597	600	AVA	T032	C0428817
28429500	635	637	PG	T201	C0232117
28429500	657	662	mm Hg	T081	C0439475
28429500	674	679	mm Hg	T081	C0439475
28429500	686	712	end-diastolic LV dimension	T033	C2059470
28429500	746	755	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28429500	760	766	impact	T080	C4049986
28429500	770	776	S-wave	T033	C0429094
28429500	777	786	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28429500	790	806	right precordial	T184	C2729494
28429500	830	833	AVR	T061	C0003506
28429500	841	849	patients	T101	C0030705
28429500	863	869	S-wave	T033	C0429094
28429500	870	877	changes	T169	C0392747
28429500	881	898	electrocardiogram	T033	C0013798
28429500	915	939	hemodynamic measurements	T061	C0204901
28429500	953	969	echocardiography	T060	C0013516
28429500	971	979	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28429500	983	1000	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
28429500	1001	1011	parameters	T033	C0449381
28429500	1013	1021	measured	T080	C0444706
28429500	1025	1033	patients	T101	C0030705
28429500	1041	1048	surgery	T061	C0543467
28429500	1063	1087	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
28429500	1096	1108	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28429500	1113	1124	symptomatic	T169	C0231220
28429500	1136	1160	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
28429500	1165	1173	observed	T169	C1441672
28429500	1181	1187	change	T169	C0392747
28429500	1191	1197	S-wave	T033	C0429094
28429500	1198	1207	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28429500	1215	1231	right precordial	T184	C2729494
28429500	1257	1265	patients	T101	C0030705
28429500	1273	1276	AVR	T061	C0003506
28429500	1287	1312	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28429500	1313	1329	predictive value	T080	C1514307
28429500	1333	1339	S-wave	T033	C0429094
28429500	1340	1349	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28429500	1353	1361	leads V2	T029	C0441908
28429500	1364	1366	V3	T029	C0449218
28429500	1371	1390	dependent variables	T169	C0871711
28429500	1391	1393	PG	T201	C0232117
28429500	1398	1424	end-diastolic LV dimension	T033	C2059470
28429500	1426	1432	S-wave	T033	C0429094
28429500	1444	1460	right precordial	T184	C2729494
28429500	1479	1487	increase	T169	C0442805
28429500	1491	1493	PG	T201	C0232117
28429500	1520	1523	AVA	T032	C0428817
28429500	1525	1538	suggestive of	T169	C0332299
28429500	1546	1558	referral for	T058	C2585524
28429500	1559	1562	AVR	T061	C0003506

28429542|t|Study of the wearable cardioverter defibrillator in advanced heart-failure patients (SWIFT)
28429542|a|The wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) may allow stabilization until reassessment for an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) among high-risk HF patients. However, there are limited data on the WCD benefit in the acute decompensated HF setting. The Study of the Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator in Advanced Heart-Failure Patients (SWIFT) was a prospective clinical trial carried out at two medical centers. Patients hospitalized with advanced HF symptoms and reduced left ventricular ejection function (LVEF) were enrolled and prescribed a WCD prior to discharge for a total of 3 months. Outcome measures included arrhythmic events, WCD discharge, and death. Study patients (n=75, mean age 51±14 years, 31% women) had a mean LVEF of 21.5±10.4%. Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy was present in 66% of patients. The median WCD wearing time was 59 (interquartile range 17-97) days, and 80% of patients wore the device >50% of daily hours. WCD interrogations showed a total of 8 arrhythmic events in 5 patients, including 3 non-sustained or self-terminating ventricular tachycardia (VT) events, and one polymorphic VT successfully terminated by the WCD. None of the patients died while wearing the device and no inappropriate device therapies occurred. Upon termination of treatment with the WCD, 21 patients (28%) received an ICD. At 3 years the cumulative death rate was 20% in the ischemic and 21% in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients. A management strategy incorporating the WCD can be safely used to bridge the decision regarding the need for ICD implantation in high-risk patients with advanced HF. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28429542	0	5	Study	T062	C2603343
28429542	13	48	wearable cardioverter defibrillator	T061	C2203005
28429542	52	74	advanced heart-failure	T047	C0018801
28429542	75	83	patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	96	131	wearable cardioverter defibrillator	T061	C2203005
28429542	133	136	WCD	T061	C2203005
28429542	188	226	implantable cardioverter defibrillator	T074	C0162589
28429542	228	231	ICD	T074	C0162589
28429542	239	251	high-risk HF	T047	C0018801
28429542	252	260	patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	289	293	data	T078	C1511726
28429542	301	304	WCD	T061	C2203005
28429542	320	342	acute decompensated HF	T047	C1609524
28429542	356	361	Study	T062	C2603343
28429542	369	404	Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator	T061	C2203005
28429542	408	430	Advanced Heart-Failure	T047	C0018801
28429542	431	439	Patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	466	480	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
28429542	500	515	medical centers	T073,T093	C0565990
28429542	517	538	Patients hospitalized	T101	C0870668
28429542	553	555	HF	T047	C0018801
28429542	556	564	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28429542	577	611	left ventricular ejection function	T201	C0428772
28429542	613	617	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28429542	650	653	WCD	T061	C2203005
28429542	663	672	discharge	T058	C0030685
28429542	690	696	months	T079	C0439231
28429542	698	714	Outcome measures	T081	C0086749
28429542	743	746	WCD	T061	C2203005
28429542	762	767	death	T040	C0011065
28429542	769	774	Study	T062	C2603343
28429542	775	783	patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	796	799	age	T032	C0001779
28429542	806	811	years	T079	C0439234
28429542	817	822	women	T098	C0043210
28429542	835	839	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28429542	855	882	Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0877438
28429542	905	913	patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	926	929	WCD	T061	C2203005
28429542	930	942	wearing time	T079	C0040223
28429542	951	970	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28429542	978	982	days	T079	C0439228
28429542	995	1003	patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	1013	1019	device	T074	C0025080
28429542	1028	1033	daily	T079	C0332173
28429542	1034	1039	hours	T079	C0439227
28429542	1041	1044	WCD	T061	C2203005
28429542	1103	1111	patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	1142	1194	self-terminating ventricular tachycardia (VT) events	T033	C1963247
28429542	1204	1218	polymorphic VT	T047	C0344432
28429542	1232	1242	terminated	T080	C0205556
28429542	1250	1253	WCD	T061	C2203005
28429542	1267	1275	patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	1276	1280	died	T033	C1306577
28429542	1299	1305	device	T074	C0025080
28429542	1327	1333	device	T074	C0025080
28429542	1334	1343	therapies	T061	C0087111
28429542	1359	1383	termination of treatment	T079	C0871548
28429542	1393	1396	WCD	T061	C2203005
28429542	1401	1409	patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	1428	1431	ICD	T074	C0162589
28429542	1438	1443	years	T079	C0439234
28429542	1448	1458	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28429542	1459	1469	death rate	T081	C0205848
28429542	1485	1493	ischemic	T047	C0349782
28429542	1505	1532	non-ischemic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0877438
28429542	1533	1541	patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	1583	1586	WCD	T061	C2203005
28429542	1652	1655	ICD	T074	C0162589
28429542	1656	1668	implantation	T061	C0021107
28429542	1672	1690	high-risk patients	T101	C0030705
28429542	1696	1707	advanced HF	T047	C0018801

28429775|t|Fucoxanthin provides neuroprotection in models of traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2 - ARE and Nrf2 - autophagy pathways
28429775|a|Fucoxanthin is abundant in seaweed and is considered as a powerful antioxidant. It has been proposed to possess anti-cancer, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects. However, its roles in brain injury models have not been fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroprotection of fucoxanthin in models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant-response element (ARE) and Nrf2 - autophagy pathways in the putative neuroprotection. We found that fucoxanthin alleviated TBI -induced secondary brain injury, including neurological deficits, cerebral edema, brain lesion and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, the up-regulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were reversed by fucoxanthin treatment. Furthermore, our in vitro studies demonstrated that fucoxanthin increased the neuron survival and reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, fucoxanthin activated the Nrf2 - ARE pathway and autophagy both in vivo and in vitro, which was proven by the results of immunohistochemistry, western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). However, fucoxanthin failed to provide neuroprotection and activated autophagy following TBI in Nrf2 (-/-) mice. In conclusion, our studies indicated that fucoxanthin provided neuroprotective effects in models of TBI, potentially via regulation of the Nrf2 - ARE and Nrf2 - autophagy pathways.
28429775	0	11	Fucoxanthin	T109	C0060808
28429775	21	36	neuroprotection	T043	C0598958
28429775	40	46	models	T075	C0026336
28429775	50	72	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
28429775	81	85	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28429775	88	91	ARE	T114,T123	C3494205
28429775	96	100	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28429775	103	121	autophagy pathways	T043	C2265640
28429775	122	133	Fucoxanthin	T109	C0060808
28429775	137	145	abundant	T080	C2346714
28429775	149	156	seaweed	T204	C0036500
28429775	189	200	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28429775	214	222	proposed	T080	C1553874
28429775	226	233	possess	T078	C3154893
28429775	234	245	anti-cancer	T033	C0243095
28429775	247	259	anti-obesity	T033	C0243095
28429775	264	277	anti-diabetes	T033	C0243095
28429775	278	285	effects	T080	C1280500
28429775	300	305	roles	T077	C1705810
28429775	309	321	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28429775	322	328	models	T075	C0026336
28429775	365	374	objective	T170	C0018017
28429775	383	388	study	T062	C2603343
28429775	396	407	investigate	T169	C1292732
28429775	412	427	neuroprotection	T043	C0598958
28429775	431	442	fucoxanthin	T109	C0060808
28429775	446	452	models	T075	C0026336
28429775	456	478	traumatic brain injury	T037	C0876926
28429775	480	483	TBI	T037	C0876926
28429775	493	497	role	T077	C1705810
28429775	505	548	nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2	T116,T123	C0289507
28429775	550	554	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28429775	557	585	antioxidant-response element	T114,T123	C3494205
28429775	587	590	ARE	T114,T123	C3494205
28429775	596	600	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28429775	603	621	autophagy pathways	T043	C2265640
28429775	638	653	neuroprotection	T043	C0598958
28429775	669	680	fucoxanthin	T109	C0060808
28429775	692	695	TBI	T037	C0876926
28429775	705	714	secondary	T080	C0175668
28429775	715	727	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28429775	739	760	neurological deficits	T033	C0521654
28429775	762	776	cerebral edema	T046	C0006114
28429775	778	790	brain lesion	T047	C0221505
28429775	795	803	neuronal	T129	C0521390
28429775	804	813	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28429775	829	842	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
28429775	846	861	malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
28429775	863	866	MDA	T109,T123	C0024643
28429775	876	884	activity	T052	C0441655
28429775	888	910	glutathione peroxidase	T116,T126	C0017822
28429775	912	915	GPx	T116,T126	C0017822
28429775	922	930	reversed	T169	C1555029
28429775	934	945	fucoxanthin	T109	C0060808
28429775	946	955	treatment	T169	C1522326
28429775	974	990	in vitro studies	T062	C0681828
28429775	1009	1020	fucoxanthin	T109	C0060808
28429775	1021	1030	increased	T169	C0442805
28429775	1035	1050	neuron survival	T043	C1819944
28429775	1055	1062	reduced	T080	C0392756
28429775	1067	1090	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28429775	1092	1095	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28429775	1097	1102	level	T080	C0441889
28429775	1117	1128	fucoxanthin	T109	C0060808
28429775	1129	1138	activated	T052	C1879547
28429775	1143	1147	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28429775	1150	1153	ARE	T114,T123	C3494205
28429775	1154	1161	pathway	T077	C1705987
28429775	1166	1175	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28429775	1181	1188	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28429775	1193	1201	in vitro	T062	C0681828
28429775	1213	1219	proven	T080	C0456369
28429775	1227	1234	results	T169	C1274040
28429775	1238	1258	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28429775	1260	1272	western blot	T059	C0949466
28429775	1277	1313	electrophoretic mobility shift assay	T059	C0949632
28429775	1315	1319	EMSA	T059	C0949632
28429775	1331	1342	fucoxanthin	T109	C0060808
28429775	1343	1349	failed	T169	C0231175
28429775	1361	1376	neuroprotection	T043	C0598958
28429775	1381	1390	activated	T052	C1879547
28429775	1391	1400	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28429775	1411	1414	TBI	T037	C0876926
28429775	1418	1422	Nrf2	T028	C1417699
28429775	1429	1433	mice	T015	C0026809
28429775	1438	1448	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28429775	1454	1461	studies	T062	C2603343
28429775	1477	1488	fucoxanthin	T109	C0060808
28429775	1498	1521	neuroprotective effects	T169	C0815279
28429775	1525	1531	models	T075	C0026336
28429775	1535	1538	TBI	T037	C0876926
28429775	1540	1551	potentially	T080	C3245505
28429775	1556	1566	regulation	T038	C1327622
28429775	1574	1578	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28429775	1581	1584	ARE	T114,T123	C3494205
28429775	1589	1593	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28429775	1596	1614	autophagy pathways	T043	C2265640

28430012|t|ZO-1 expression is suppressed by GM-CSF via miR-96 / ERG in brain microvascular endothelial cells
28430012|a|The level of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) increases in some disorders such as vascular dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. We previously reported that in Alzheimer's disease patients, a high level of GM-CSF in the brain parenchyma downregulated expression of ZO-1, a blood-brain barrier tight junction protein, and facilitated the infiltration of peripheral monocytes across the blood-brain barrier. However, the molecular mechanism underlying regulation of ZO-1 expression by GM-CSF is unclear. Herein, we found that the erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor ERG cooperated with the proto-oncogene protein c-MYC in regulation of ZO-1 transcription in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). The ERG expression was suppressed by miR-96 which was increased by GM-CSF through the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/ Akt pathway. Inhibition of miR-96 prevented ZO-1 down-regulation induced by GM-CSF both in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed the mechanism of ZO-1 expression reduced by GM-CSF, and provided a potential target, miR-96, which could block ZO-1 down-regulation caused by GM-CSF in BMECs.
28430012	0	4	ZO-1	T116,T123	C1451683
28430012	5	15	expression	T045	C1171362
28430012	19	29	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28430012	33	39	GM-CSF	T116,T129	C0079460
28430012	44	50	miR-96	T114	C2716613
28430012	53	56	ERG	T116,T123	C0295291
28430012	60	65	brain	T023	C0006104
28430012	66	97	microvascular endothelial cells	T025	C1257792
28430012	111	159	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor	T116,T129	C0079460
28430012	161	167	GM-CSF	T116,T129	C0079460
28430012	187	196	disorders	T047	C0012634
28430012	205	222	vascular dementia	T047	C0011269
28430012	224	243	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28430012	249	267	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
28430012	300	319	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28430012	320	328	patients	T101	C0030705
28430012	346	352	GM-CSF	T116,T129	C0079460
28430012	360	365	brain	T023	C0006104
28430012	366	376	parenchyma	T023	C0933845
28430012	377	390	downregulated	T044	C0013081
28430012	391	401	expression	T045	C1171362
28430012	405	409	ZO-1	T116,T123	C1451683
28430012	413	432	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
28430012	433	455	tight junction protein	T116,T123	C3494363
28430012	477	489	infiltration	T046	C0332448
28430012	493	513	peripheral monocytes	T025	C1321301
28430012	525	544	blood-brain barrier	T023	C0005854
28430012	559	578	molecular mechanism	T044	C1148560
28430012	590	600	regulation	T045	C0017263
28430012	604	608	ZO-1	T116,T123	C1451683
28430012	609	619	expression	T045	C1171362
28430012	623	629	GM-CSF	T116,T129	C0079460
28430012	668	731	erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor	T116,T123	C0295291
28430012	732	735	ERG	T116,T123	C0295291
28430012	756	784	proto-oncogene protein c-MYC	T116,T123	C0080065
28430012	788	798	regulation	T045	C0017263
28430012	802	806	ZO-1	T028	C1420744
28430012	807	820	transcription	T045	C0040649
28430012	824	829	brain	T023	C0006104
28430012	830	861	microvascular endothelial cells	T025	C1257792
28430012	863	868	BMECs	T025	C1257792
28430012	875	878	ERG	T116,T123	C0295291
28430012	879	889	expression	T045	C1171362
28430012	894	904	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28430012	908	914	miR-96	T114	C2716613
28430012	938	944	GM-CSF	T116,T129	C0079460
28430012	957	982	phosphoinositide-3 kinase	T116,T126	C0044602
28430012	984	988	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28430012	991	1002	Akt pathway	T044	C1515844
28430012	1004	1014	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28430012	1018	1024	miR-96	T114	C2716613
28430012	1035	1039	ZO-1	T116,T123	C1451683
28430012	1040	1055	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
28430012	1067	1073	GM-CSF	T116,T129	C0079460
28430012	1079	1087	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28430012	1092	1099	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28430012	1139	1143	ZO-1	T116,T123	C1451683
28430012	1144	1154	expression	T045	C1171362
28430012	1166	1172	GM-CSF	T116,T129	C0079460
28430012	1199	1205	target	T169	C1521840
28430012	1207	1213	miR-96	T114	C2716613
28430012	1227	1232	block	T169	C0332206
28430012	1233	1237	ZO-1	T116,T123	C1451683
28430012	1238	1253	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
28430012	1264	1270	GM-CSF	T116,T129	C0079460
28430012	1274	1279	BMECs	T025	C1257792

28430341|t|Prostate-specific antigen increase during dutasteride to indicate the need for prostate biopsy: influence of prostatic inflammation
28430341|a|The aim of this study was to analyze the significance of an increase in total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum levels despite dutasteride treatment as a predictor of prostate cancer (PC) at biopsy. We focused our attention on the rate of the first PSA increase and on the influence of prostatic inflammation. From 2011 to 2016, 365 men with a previous negative prostate biopsy and persistent elevated PSA levels received dutasteride treatment. The population was followed for a range of 12-48 months. One hundred twelve cases with a confirmed PSA increase >0.5 ng/ml over the nadir value during the follow-up were included in Group A and underwent a new prostate biopsy. In Group A, the PSA increase was associated with PC at the re-biopsy in 66% of cases. The percentage of PSA reduction after 6 months of treatment was not a significant indicator of the risk for PC. The distribution of inflammatory infiltrates significantly (p<00.01) varied from positive to negative prostate biopsies. The relative risk for PC at biopsy significantly increase d according to PSA level during dutasteride. Treatment with dutasteride can help to analyze PSA kinetic. A persistent prostatic inflammation is a factor able to reduce the performance of PSA kinetic during dutasteride treatment.
28430341	0	25	Prostate-specific antigen	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28430341	26	34	increase	T169	C0442805
28430341	42	53	dutasteride	T109,T121	C0754659
28430341	79	94	prostate biopsy	T060	C0194804
28430341	109	131	prostatic inflammation	T047	C0033581
28430341	161	168	analyze	T062	C0936012
28430341	192	200	increase	T169	C0442805
28430341	204	254	total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) serum levels	T059	C2123607
28430341	263	274	dutasteride	T109,T121	C0754659
28430341	275	284	treatment	T061	C0087111
28430341	290	299	predictor	T078	C2698872
28430341	303	318	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28430341	320	322	PC	T191	C0376358
28430341	327	333	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28430341	367	371	rate	T081	C1521828
28430341	385	388	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28430341	385	388	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28430341	389	397	increase	T169	C0442805
28430341	422	444	prostatic inflammation	T047	C0033581
28430341	469	472	men	T098	C0025266
28430341	498	513	prostate biopsy	T060	C0194804
28430341	529	537	elevated	T080	C3163633
28430341	538	541	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28430341	538	548	PSA levels	T059	C2123607
28430341	558	569	dutasteride	T109,T121	C0754659
28430341	570	579	treatment	T061	C0087111
28430341	585	595	population	T098	C1257890
28430341	680	683	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28430341	684	692	increase	T169	C0442805
28430341	736	745	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28430341	791	806	prostate biopsy	T060	C0194804
28430341	824	827	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28430341	828	836	increase	T169	C0442805
28430341	841	856	associated with	T080	C0332281
28430341	857	859	PC	T191	C0376358
28430341	867	876	re-biopsy	T060	C0005558
28430341	912	925	PSA reduction	T033	C1096147
28430341	944	953	treatment	T061	C0087111
28430341	976	985	indicator	T201	C0005516
28430341	1002	1004	PC	T191	C0376358
28430341	1026	1050	inflammatory infiltrates	T033	C3887644
28430341	1108	1125	prostate biopsies	T060	C0194804
28430341	1149	1151	PC	T191	C0376358
28430341	1155	1161	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28430341	1176	1184	increase	T169	C0442805
28430341	1200	1203	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28430341	1200	1209	PSA level	T059	C2123607
28430341	1217	1228	dutasteride	T109,T121	C0754659
28430341	1230	1239	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28430341	1245	1256	dutasteride	T109,T121	C0754659
28430341	1269	1276	analyze	T062	C0936012
28430341	1277	1280	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28430341	1281	1288	kinetic	T070	C0022702
28430341	1303	1325	prostatic inflammation	T047	C0033581
28430341	1372	1375	PSA	T116,T126,T129	C0138741
28430341	1376	1383	kinetic	T070	C0022702
28430341	1391	1402	dutasteride	T109,T121	C0754659
28430341	1403	1412	treatment	T061	C0087111

28430726|t|Vaginal Mesh Removal Outcomes: Eight Years of Experience at an Academic Hospital
28430726|a|The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical history leading up to and the outcomes after vaginal mesh removal surgery at an academic hospital. A retrospective case series of patients who underwent vaginal mesh removal from 2008 to 2015 was conducted. Demographics, clinical history, physical examination, pre- and postoperative symptoms, and number and type of reoperations were abstracted. Between February 2008 and November 2015, 83 patients underwent vaginal mesh removal surgery at our hospital. The median time interval from initial mesh placement to removal was 58 months (range, 0.4-154 months). The most common preoperative symptoms were vaginal pain (n = 52, 62%), dyspareunia (n = 46, 55%), and pelvic pain (n = 42, 50%). Intraoperative complications were infrequent (n = 3, 4%). Of patients presenting for follow-up within 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively, the most common symptoms were urinary incontinence (n = 15, 28%), vaginal pain (n = 7, 13%), buttock pain (n = 5, 9%), and urinary tract infection (n = 5, 9%). There were no identifiable risk factors to predict which patients would have persistent postoperative symptoms or who would require more than 1 mesh removal surgery. After vaginal mesh removal, 29 patients (35%) required 1 or more reoperations, with 3 being the highest number of reoperations per patient. The total number of reoperations was 43, with a total of 63 individual procedures performed. Forty-four percent (n = 28) of the procedures were graft removals, 40% (n = 25) were pelvic organ prolapse surgeries (only native tissue repairs), and 16% (n = 10) were stress incontinence surgeries. More than 1 procedure was performed in 49% (n = 21) of the reoperations. Vaginal mesh removal surgery is safe; however, some patients require more than 1 procedure, and the risk factors for reoperations are unclear.
28430726	0	7	Vaginal	T023	C0042232
28430726	8	12	Mesh	T074	C0993768
28430726	13	20	Removal	T061	C0015252
28430726	21	29	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
28430726	46	56	Experience	T041	C0596545
28430726	63	80	Academic Hospital	T073,T093	C0000872
28430726	85	92	purpose	T169	C1285529
28430726	101	106	study	T062	C2603343
28430726	126	142	clinical history	T033	C2317559
28430726	143	150	leading	T169	C1522538
28430726	165	173	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28430726	180	187	vaginal	T023	C0042232
28430726	188	192	mesh	T074	C0993768
28430726	193	208	removal surgery	T061	C0015252
28430726	215	232	academic hospital	T073,T093	C0000872
28430726	236	254	retrospective case	T062	C0035363
28430726	255	261	series	T081	C0205549
28430726	265	273	patients	T101	C0030705
28430726	288	295	vaginal	T023	C0042232
28430726	296	300	mesh	T074	C0993768
28430726	301	308	removal	T061	C0015252
28430726	342	354	Demographics	T090	C0011298
28430726	356	372	clinical history	T033	C2317559
28430726	374	394	physical examination	T058	C0031809
28430726	396	400	pre-	T033	C0178808
28430726	405	427	postoperative symptoms	T033	C0231287
28430726	433	439	number	T081	C0449788
28430726	444	448	type	T080	C0332307
28430726	452	464	reoperations	T061	C0035110
28430726	526	534	patients	T101	C0030705
28430726	545	552	vaginal	T023	C0042232
28430726	553	557	mesh	T074	C0993768
28430726	558	573	removal surgery	T061	C0015252
28430726	581	589	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28430726	595	601	median	T082	C2939193
28430726	602	615	time interval	T079	C0872291
28430726	629	633	mesh	T074	C0993768
28430726	634	643	placement	T080	C1524072
28430726	647	654	removal	T061	C0015252
28430726	710	722	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28430726	723	731	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28430726	737	749	vaginal pain	T184	C0236082
28430726	765	776	dyspareunia	T047	C0013394
28430726	796	807	pelvic pain	T184	C0030794
28430726	823	851	Intraoperative complications	T046	C0021890
28430726	857	867	infrequent	T079	C0521114
28430726	884	892	patients	T101	C0030705
28430726	908	917	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28430726	938	953	postoperatively	T033	C0231287
28430726	971	979	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28430726	985	1005	urinary incontinence	T046	C0042024
28430726	1021	1033	vaginal pain	T184	C0236082
28430726	1048	1060	buttock pain	T184	C0231710
28430726	1078	1101	urinary tract infection	T047	C0042029
28430726	1142	1154	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28430726	1172	1180	patients	T101	C0030705
28430726	1192	1202	persistent	T079	C0205322
28430726	1203	1225	postoperative symptoms	T033	C0231287
28430726	1247	1256	more than	T081	C0439093
28430726	1264	1279	removal surgery	T061	C0015252
28430726	1287	1294	vaginal	T023	C0042232
28430726	1295	1299	mesh	T074	C0993768
28430726	1300	1307	removal	T061	C0015252
28430726	1312	1320	patients	T101	C0030705
28430726	1346	1358	reoperations	T061	C0035110
28430726	1377	1384	highest	T080	C1522410
28430726	1385	1391	number	T081	C0449788
28430726	1395	1407	reoperations	T061	C0035110
28430726	1412	1419	patient	T101	C0030705
28430726	1431	1437	number	T081	C0449788
28430726	1441	1453	reoperations	T061	C0035110
28430726	1492	1502	procedures	T061	C0184661
28430726	1549	1559	procedures	T061	C0184661
28430726	1565	1570	graft	T024	C0332835
28430726	1571	1579	removals	T061	C0015252
28430726	1599	1620	pelvic organ prolapse	T047	C0877015
28430726	1621	1630	surgeries	T061	C0543467
28430726	1644	1658	tissue repairs	T040	C0043240
28430726	1683	1689	stress	T033	C0038435
28430726	1690	1712	incontinence surgeries	T061	C3544091
28430726	1714	1723	More than	T081	C0439093
28430726	1726	1735	procedure	T061	C0184661
28430726	1773	1785	reoperations	T061	C0035110
28430726	1787	1794	Vaginal	T023	C0042232
28430726	1795	1799	mesh	T074	C0993768
28430726	1800	1815	removal surgery	T061	C0015252
28430726	1839	1847	patients	T101	C0030705
28430726	1856	1865	more than	T081	C0439093
28430726	1868	1877	procedure	T061	C0184661
28430726	1887	1899	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28430726	1904	1916	reoperations	T061	C0035110

28430891|t|Development and validation of diagnostic criteria for IBD subtypes with an emphasis on IBD-Unclassified in children: a multicenter study from the Pediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN
28430891|a|The revised Porto criteria identify subtypes of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases: ulcerative colitis (UC), atypical UC, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unclassified (IBDU), and Crohn's disease (CD). In continuation of the Porto criteria, we aimed to derive and validate criteria for standardizing the classification of the IBD subtypes. This was a multicenter retrospective longitudinal study from 23 centers affiliated with the Porto-group of ESPGHAN. Both a hypothesis-driven judgmental approach and mathematical CART modeling were utilized for creating a diagnostic algorithm. Since small bowel inflammation is easily recognized as CD, we focused here primarily on the phenotype of colitis. 749 IBD children were enrolled- 236 (32%) Crohn's colitis, 272 (36%) UC and 241 (32%(IBDU (age 10.9±3.6 years) with a median follow-up of 2.8 years (IQR 1.7-4.3). A total of 23 features were clustered in 3 classes according to their prevalence in UC: 6 class-1 (0% prevalence in UC), 12 class-2 (<5% prevalence) and 5 class-3 (5-10% prevalence). According to the algorithm, the disease should be classified as UC if no features exist in any of the classes. When at least one feature exist, different combinations classify the disease into atypical UC, IBDU and CD. The algorithm differentiated UC from CD and IBDU with 80% sensitivity (95% CI 71-88%) and 84% specificity (77-89%), and CD from IBDU and UC with 78% sensitivity (67-87%) and 94% specificity (89-97%). The validated algorithm can adequately classify children with IBD into small bowel CD, Colonic CD, IBDU, atypical UC and UC.
28430891	30	49	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
28430891	54	57	IBD	T047	C0021390
28430891	58	66	subtypes	T185	C0872379
28430891	87	103	IBD-Unclassified	T047	C4268603
28430891	107	115	children	T100	C0008059
28430891	119	136	multicenter study	T062	C1096776
28430891	146	155	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
28430891	156	159	IBD	T047	C0021390
28430891	160	171	Porto group	T098	C1257890
28430891	175	182	ESPGHAN	T092	C1561598
28430891	195	209	Porto criteria	T170	C0679228
28430891	219	227	subtypes	T185	C0872379
28430891	231	240	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28430891	241	268	inflammatory bowel diseases	T047	C0021390
28430891	270	288	ulcerative colitis	T047	C0009324
28430891	290	292	UC	T047	C0009324
28430891	304	306	UC	T047	C0009324
28430891	308	347	Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unclassified	T047	C4268603
28430891	349	353	IBDU	T047	C4268603
28430891	360	375	Crohn's disease	T047	C0010346
28430891	377	379	CD	T047	C0010346
28430891	405	419	Porto criteria	T170	C0679228
28430891	453	461	criteria	T170	C0679228
28430891	484	498	classification	T185	C0008902
28430891	506	509	IBD	T047	C0021390
28430891	510	518	subtypes	T185	C0872379
28430891	557	575	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
28430891	612	623	Porto-group	T098	C1257890
28430891	627	634	ESPGHAN	T092	C1561598
28430891	685	711	mathematical CART modeling	T170	C0876936
28430891	741	761	diagnostic algorithm	T170	C0679508
28430891	769	793	small bowel inflammation	T033	C1560337
28430891	818	820	CD	T047	C0010346
28430891	855	864	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28430891	868	875	colitis	T047	C0009319
28430891	881	884	IBD	T047	C0021390
28430891	885	893	children	T100	C0008059
28430891	919	934	Crohn's colitis	T047	C0010346
28430891	946	948	UC	T047	C0009324
28430891	962	966	IBDU	T047	C4268603
28430891	968	971	age	T032	C0001779
28430891	981	986	years	T079	C0439234
28430891	1002	1011	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28430891	1019	1024	years	T079	C0439234
28430891	1083	1090	classes	T170	C0456387
28430891	1110	1120	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28430891	1124	1126	UC	T047	C0009324
28430891	1130	1137	class-1	T185	C0441885
28430891	1142	1152	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28430891	1156	1158	UC	T047	C0009324
28430891	1164	1171	class-2	T170	C0441886
28430891	1177	1187	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28430891	1195	1202	class-3	T170	C0441887
28430891	1210	1220	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28430891	1240	1249	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28430891	1255	1262	disease	T047	C0012634
28430891	1287	1289	UC	T047	C0009324
28430891	1325	1332	classes	T170	C0456387
28430891	1403	1410	disease	T047	C0012634
28430891	1425	1427	UC	T047	C0009324
28430891	1429	1433	IBDU	T047	C4268603
28430891	1438	1440	CD	T047	C0010346
28430891	1446	1455	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28430891	1471	1473	UC	T047	C0009324
28430891	1479	1481	CD	T047	C0010346
28430891	1486	1490	IBDU	T047	C4268603
28430891	1517	1519	CI	T081	C0009667
28430891	1562	1564	CD	T047	C0010346
28430891	1570	1574	IBDU	T047	C4268603
28430891	1579	1581	UC	T047	C0009324
28430891	1656	1665	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28430891	1690	1698	children	T100	C0008059
28430891	1704	1707	IBD	T047	C0021390
28430891	1713	1724	small bowel	T023	C0021852
28430891	1725	1727	CD	T047	C0010346
28430891	1729	1736	Colonic	T023	C0009368
28430891	1737	1739	CD	T047	C0010346
28430891	1741	1745	IBDU	T047	C4268603
28430891	1756	1758	UC	T047	C0009324
28430891	1763	1765	UC	T047	C0009324

28430965|t|Nrf2 regulates the inflammatory response, including heme oxygenase-1 induction, by mycoplasma pneumoniae lipid-associated membrane proteins in THP-1 cells
28430965|a|A series of inflammatory responses caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae largely depend on the lipid-associated membrane proteins (LAMPs). Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor, is considered to be a critical modulator of inflammatory responses and cellular redox homeostasis. Monocytes play an important role in the invasion and immunity to resist pathogens. Here, we investigated the role of Nrf2 in the anti-inflammatory response stimulated by LAMPs using the human monocyte cell line THP-1. LAMPs were shown to affect the localization of Nrf2, and the levels of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory reactants, including nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8), were highly elevated in LAMP -stimulated Nrf2 -silenced THP-1 cells. Moreover, LAMPs induced the levels of mRNA and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In summary, our results demonstrated that LAMPs cause nuclear translocation of Nrf2, which further suppresses the expression of inflammatory reactants in THP-1 cells.
28430965	0	4	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28430965	19	40	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266
28430965	52	68	heme oxygenase-1	T116,T126	C0538674
28430965	83	104	mycoplasma pneumoniae	T007	C0026941
28430965	105	139	lipid-associated membrane proteins	T116,T123	C2936482
28430965	143	154	THP-1 cells	T025	C0682523
28430965	167	189	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
28430965	200	221	Mycoplasma pneumoniae	T007	C0026941
28430965	244	278	lipid-associated membrane proteins	T116,T123	C2936482
28430965	280	285	LAMPs	T116,T123	C2936482
28430965	288	322	Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2	T116,T123	C0289507
28430965	324	328	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28430965	333	353	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28430965	399	421	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
28430965	426	452	cellular redox homeostasis	T043	C1156287
28430965	454	463	Monocytes	T025	C0026473
28430965	494	502	invasion	T046	C2699153
28430965	507	515	immunity	T039	C0020964
28430965	526	535	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28430965	571	575	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28430965	583	609	anti-inflammatory response	T040	C1327441
28430965	624	629	LAMPs	T116,T123	C2936482
28430965	640	670	human monocyte cell line THP-1	T025	C0682523
28430965	672	677	LAMPs	T116,T123	C2936482
28430965	703	715	localization	T169	C0475264
28430965	719	723	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28430965	743	766	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28430965	771	793	inflammatory reactants	T123	C0574031
28430965	805	817	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28430965	819	821	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28430965	824	840	prostaglandin E2	T109	C3813211
28430965	842	846	PGE2	T109	C3813211
28430965	852	861	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28430965	863	867	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28430965	869	873	IL-8	T116,T129	C0079633
28430965	900	904	LAMP	T116,T123	C2936482
28430965	917	921	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28430965	932	943	THP-1 cells	T025	C0682523
28430965	955	960	LAMPs	T116,T123	C2936482
28430965	983	987	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28430965	996	1006	expression	T045	C1171362
28430965	1010	1026	heme oxygenase-1	T116,T126	C0538674
28430965	1028	1032	HO-1	T116,T126	C0538674
28430965	1077	1082	LAMPs	T116,T123	C2936482
28430965	1089	1110	nuclear translocation	T044	C1518440
28430965	1114	1118	Nrf2	T116,T123	C0289507
28430965	1149	1159	expression	T045	C1171362
28430965	1163	1185	inflammatory reactants	T123	C0574031
28430965	1189	1200	THP-1 cells	T025	C0682523

28431108|t|Investments in children's health and the Kenyan cash transfer for orphans and vulnerable children: evidence from an unconditional cash transfer scheme
28431108|a|Child mortality is one of the most pressing global health and policy issues in the developing world. The leading drivers of death - pneumonia, diarrhea and malaria -are preventable and treatable. However, these illnesses are exacerbated by a lack of accessible nutrition, water, basic and preventive health services, and sanitary living conditions -all factors which are more likely to disproportionately impact the poor. We examine whether Kenya's largest social protection impacts children's incidence of upper respiratory illness. The Kenya Cash Transfer for Orphans and Vulnerable Children was designed to support orphans affected by HIV / AIDS and has covered over 240,000 households as of 2014. Using longitudinal, cluster-randomized program data from 2007 to 2009, we run a generalized linear latent and mixed method estimation model on a sample of children 0-7 years and under-5 years of age. We find that the program is associated with a decrease in illness in children 0-7 years of age (P < 0.05), but found no effects on a stratified sample of under-5 children. Furthermore, no impacts on health care seeking in the event of illness were detected. This study is one of few examining children's health using data from a large scale unconditional cash transfer program. With the widespread adoption of over 123 cash transfer programs across sub-Saharan Africa, these findings suggest social cash transfer programs are capable of promoting the multidimensional well-being for the world's most vulnerable populations.
28431108	0	11	Investments	T073	C0021953
28431108	15	25	children's	T100	C0008059
28431108	26	32	health	T078	C0018684
28431108	41	61	Kenyan cash transfer	T170	C3242023
28431108	66	73	orphans	T098	C0242299
28431108	78	88	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
28431108	89	97	children	T100	C0008059
28431108	99	107	evidence	T078	C3887511
28431108	116	129	unconditional	T080	C1555537
28431108	130	150	cash transfer scheme	T170	C3242023
28431108	151	166	Child mortality	T081	C0008083
28431108	195	208	global health	T091	C1456573
28431108	213	219	policy	T170	C0242456
28431108	220	226	issues	T170	C1706387
28431108	275	280	death	T040	C0011065
28431108	283	292	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28431108	294	302	diarrhea	T184	C0011991
28431108	307	314	malaria	T047	C0024530
28431108	320	331	preventable	T080	C2700409
28431108	336	345	treatable	T169	C0039798
28431108	362	371	illnesses	T184	C0221423
28431108	376	387	exacerbated	T080	C1444749
28431108	401	411	accessible	T078	C0376640
28431108	412	421	nutrition	T032	C0028719
28431108	423	428	water	T167	C0599638
28431108	440	466	preventive health services	T058	C0033109
28431108	472	498	sanitary living conditions	T080	C0337645
28431108	504	511	factors	T169	C1521761
28431108	556	562	impact	T080	C4049986
28431108	567	571	poor	T102	C0032854
28431108	592	599	Kenya's	T083	C0022558
28431108	608	625	social protection	T064	C0242457
28431108	626	633	impacts	T080	C4049986
28431108	634	644	children's	T100	C0008059
28431108	645	654	incidence	T081	C0021149
28431108	658	683	upper respiratory illness	T047	C0035204
28431108	689	708	Kenya Cash Transfer	T170	C3242023
28431108	713	720	Orphans	T098	C0242299
28431108	725	735	Vulnerable	T169	C0231204
28431108	736	744	Children	T100	C0008059
28431108	769	776	orphans	T098	C0242299
28431108	777	785	affected	T169	C0392760
28431108	789	792	HIV	T047	C0019693
28431108	795	799	AIDS	T047	C0001175
28431108	829	839	households	T099	C0020052
28431108	872	903	cluster-randomized program data	T078	C1511726
28431108	944	957	linear latent	T081	C0023732
28431108	962	991	mixed method estimation model	T075	C0026336
28431108	1007	1015	children	T100	C0008059
28431108	1020	1025	years	T079	C1510829
28431108	1038	1043	years	T079	C1510829
28431108	1047	1050	age	T032	C0001779
28431108	1069	1076	program	T077	C1709697
28431108	1080	1095	associated with	T080	C0332281
28431108	1098	1106	decrease	T081	C0547047
28431108	1110	1117	illness	T184	C0221423
28431108	1121	1129	children	T100	C0008059
28431108	1134	1139	years	T079	C1510829
28431108	1143	1146	age	T032	C0001779
28431108	1169	1179	no effects	T080	C1301751
28431108	1185	1202	stratified sample	UnknownType	C0681881
28431108	1214	1222	children	T100	C0008059
28431108	1240	1247	impacts	T080	C4049986
28431108	1251	1262	health care	T058	C0086388
28431108	1287	1294	illness	T184	C0221423
28431108	1300	1308	detected	T033	C0442726
28431108	1315	1320	study	T062	C2603343
28431108	1345	1355	children's	T100	C0008059
28431108	1356	1362	health	T078	C0018684
28431108	1369	1373	data	T078	C1511726
28431108	1393	1406	unconditional	T080	C1555537
28431108	1407	1428	cash transfer program	T170	C3242023
28431108	1450	1458	adoption	T054	C0001593
28431108	1471	1493	cash transfer programs	T170	C3242023
28431108	1501	1519	sub-Saharan Africa	T083	C0001738
28431108	1527	1535	findings	T033	C0243095
28431108	1544	1573	social cash transfer programs	T170	C3242023
28431108	1603	1630	multidimensional well-being	T058	C0008093
28431108	1639	1646	world's	T098	C2700280
28431108	1652	1674	vulnerable populations	T098	C0949366

28431783|t|Supplementary Health Insurance from the consumer point of view: Are Israelis consumers doing an informed rational choice when purchasing Supplementary Health Insurance?
28431783|a|The National Health Insurance Law in Israel ensures basic health basket eligibility for all its citizens. A supplemental health insurance plan (SHIP) is offered for an additional fee. Over the years, the percentage of supplemental insurance's holders has risen considerably, ranking among the highest in OECD countries. The assumption that consumers implement an informed rational choice based on relevant information is doubtful. Are consumers sufficiently well informed to make market processes work well? To examine perspectives, preferences and knowledge of Israelis in relation to SHIP. A telephone survey was conducted with a representative sample of the Israeli adult population. 703 interviews were completed. The response rate was 50.3%. 85% of the sample reported possessing SHIP. This survey found that most of the Israeli public parched additional insurance coverage however did not show a significant knowledge about the benefits provided by the supplementary insurance, at least in the three measurements used in this study. The scope of SHIP acquisition is very broad and cannot be explained in economic terms alone. Acquiring SHIP became a default option rather than an active decision. It is time to review the goals, achievements and side effects of SHIP and to create new policy for the future.
28431783	0	13	Supplementary	T169	C2348609
28431783	14	30	Health Insurance	T058	C0021682
28431783	40	48	consumer	T098	C1707496
28431783	49	62	point of view	T041	C0242498
28431783	68	76	Israelis	T098	C0240069
28431783	77	86	consumers	T098	C1707496
28431783	96	104	informed	T080	C1522154
28431783	105	120	rational choice	T055	C0008300
28431783	126	136	purchasing	T052	C0870238
28431783	137	150	Supplementary	T169	C2348609
28431783	151	167	Health Insurance	T058	C0021682
28431783	173	202	National Health Insurance Law	T089	C0680575
28431783	206	212	Israel	T083	C0022271
28431783	221	240	basic health basket	T058	C0021682
28431783	241	252	eligibility	T080	C1548635
28431783	265	273	citizens	T098	C0682134
28431783	277	289	supplemental	T169	C2348609
28431783	290	311	health insurance plan	T170	C0679933
28431783	313	317	SHIP	T170	C0679933
28431783	337	347	additional	T169	C1524062
28431783	348	351	fee	T081	C0015751
28431783	362	367	years	T079	C0439234
28431783	373	383	percentage	T081	C0439165
28431783	387	399	supplemental	T169	C2348609
28431783	400	411	insurance's	T058	C0021682
28431783	424	429	risen	T169	C0442805
28431783	462	469	highest	T080	C1522410
28431783	473	477	OECD	T093	C3850013
28431783	478	487	countries	T083	C0454664
28431783	509	518	consumers	T098	C1707496
28431783	519	528	implement	T052	C1708476
28431783	532	540	informed	T080	C1522154
28431783	541	556	rational choice	T055	C0008300
28431783	566	574	relevant	T080	C2347946
28431783	575	586	information	T078	C1533716
28431783	604	613	consumers	T098	C1707496
28431783	614	626	sufficiently	T080	C0205410
28431783	632	640	informed	T080	C1522154
28431783	649	655	market	UnknownType	C0681057
28431783	656	665	processes	T067	C1522240
28431783	688	700	perspectives	UnknownType	C0678958
28431783	702	713	preferences	T078	C0558295
28431783	718	727	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28431783	731	739	Israelis	T098	C0240069
28431783	755	759	SHIP	T170	C0679933
28431783	763	772	telephone	T073	C0039457
28431783	773	779	survey	T170	C0038951
28431783	801	815	representative	T052	C1882932
28431783	816	822	sample	T081	C0242618
28431783	830	837	Israeli	T098	C0240069
28431783	838	843	adult	T100	C0001675
28431783	844	854	population	T098	C1257890
28431783	860	870	interviews	T052	C0021822
28431783	891	899	response	T041	C2911692
28431783	900	904	rate	T081	C1521828
28431783	927	933	sample	T098	C1257890
28431783	943	953	possessing	T078	C3154893
28431783	954	958	SHIP	T170	C0679933
28431783	965	971	survey	T170	C0038951
28431783	995	1002	Israeli	T098	C0240069
28431783	1003	1009	public	T098	C0027361
28431783	1018	1028	additional	T169	C1524062
28431783	1029	1038	insurance	T058	C0021682
28431783	1039	1047	coverage	T169	C1999244
28431783	1056	1068	did not show	T033	C0243095
28431783	1071	1082	significant	T078	C0750502
28431783	1083	1092	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28431783	1103	1111	benefits	T081	C0814225
28431783	1128	1141	supplementary	T169	C2348609
28431783	1142	1151	insurance	T058	C0021682
28431783	1175	1187	measurements	T169	C0242485
28431783	1201	1206	study	T062	C2603343
28431783	1212	1217	scope	T077	C1710028
28431783	1221	1225	SHIP	T170	C0679933
28431783	1226	1237	acquisition	T052	C1706701
28431783	1279	1287	economic	T169	C0013557
28431783	1301	1310	Acquiring	T052	C1706701
28431783	1311	1315	SHIP	T170	C0679933
28431783	1325	1339	default option	T080	C1706502
28431783	1355	1370	active decision	T041	C0679006
28431783	1386	1392	review	T078	C1552617
28431783	1397	1402	goals	T170	C0018017
28431783	1404	1416	achievements	T053	C0001072
28431783	1421	1433	side effects	T067	C0033902
28431783	1437	1441	SHIP	T170	C0679933
28431783	1456	1459	new	T080	C0205314
28431783	1460	1466	policy	T170	C0242456
28431783	1475	1481	future	T079	C0016884

28431885|t|Safety of Adding Oats to a Gluten-free Diet for Patients with Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical and Observational Studies
28431885|a|Patients with celiac disease should maintain a gluten-free diet (GFD), excluding wheat, rye, and barley. Oats might increase the nutritional value of a GFD, but their including is controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the safety of oats as part of a GFD in patients with celiac disease. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases for clinical trials and observational studies of the effects of including oats in GFD of patients with celiac disease. The studies reported patients ' symptoms, results from serology tests, and findings from histologic analyses. We used the GRADE approach to assess the quality of evidence. We identified 433 studies; 28 were eligible for analysis. Of these, 6 were randomized and 2 were not-randomized controlled trials comprising a total of 661 patients -the remaining studies were observational. All randomized controlled trials used pure/uncontaminated oats. Oat consumption for 12 months did not affect symptoms (standardized mean difference: reduction in symptom scores in patients who did and did not consumed oats, -0.22; 95% CI: -0.56 to 0.13; P=.22), histologic scores (relative risk for histologic findings in patients who consumed oats, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.01 to 4.8; P=.35), intraepithelial lymphocyte counts (standardized mean difference: 0.21; 95% CI, reduction of 1.44 to increase in 1.86), or results from serologic tests. Subgroup analyses of adults vs children did not reveal differences. The overall quality of evidence was low. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found no evidence that addition of oats to a GFD affects symptoms, histology, immunity, or serologic features of patients with celiac disease. However, there were few studies for many endpoints, as well as limited geographic distribution and low quality of evidence. Rigorous double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials, using commonly available oats sourced from different regions, are needed.
28431885	0	6	Safety	T068	C0036043
28431885	17	21	Oats	T168	C0028753
28431885	27	43	Gluten-free Diet	T058	C0344351
28431885	48	56	Patients	T101	C0030705
28431885	62	76	Celiac Disease	T047	C0007570
28431885	78	95	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
28431885	100	113	Meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28431885	117	125	Clinical	T062	C0008972
28431885	130	151	Observational Studies	T062	C1518527
28431885	152	160	Patients	T101	C0030705
28431885	166	180	celiac disease	T047	C0007570
28431885	199	215	gluten-free diet	T058	C0344351
28431885	217	220	GFD	T058	C0344351
28431885	233	238	wheat	T168	C0043137
28431885	240	243	rye	T168	C0035984
28431885	249	255	barley	T168	C1095831
28431885	257	261	Oats	T168	C0028753
28431885	281	298	nutritional value	T080	C0028722
28431885	304	307	GFD	T058	C0344351
28431885	362	379	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28431885	384	397	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28431885	414	420	safety	T068	C0036043
28431885	424	428	oats	T168	C0028753
28431885	442	445	GFD	T058	C0344351
28431885	449	457	patients	T101	C0030705
28431885	463	477	celiac disease	T047	C0007570
28431885	495	541	Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials	T170	C0242356
28431885	543	550	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28431885	556	572	EMBASE databases	T170	C0242356
28431885	577	592	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28431885	597	618	observational studies	T062	C1518527
28431885	626	636	effects of	T080	C1704420
28431885	647	651	oats	T168	C0028753
28431885	655	658	GFD	T058	C0344351
28431885	662	670	patients	T101	C0030705
28431885	676	690	celiac disease	T047	C0007570
28431885	713	721	patients	T101	C0030705
28431885	724	732	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28431885	747	761	serology tests	T059	C0036743
28431885	767	775	findings	T169	C2607943
28431885	781	800	histologic analyses	T059	C0344441
28431885	814	828	GRADE approach	T058	C1254363
28431885	832	838	assess	T058	C0184514
28431885	843	850	quality	T080	C0332306
28431885	854	862	evidence	T078	C3887511
28431885	867	877	identified	T080	C0205396
28431885	912	920	analysis	T062	C0936012
28431885	939	949	randomized	T062	C0206035
28431885	961	993	not-randomized controlled trials	T062	C2985410
28431885	1020	1028	patients	T101	C0030705
28431885	1044	1070	studies were observational	T062	C1518527
28431885	1076	1104	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28431885	1110	1134	pure/uncontaminated oats	T168	C0028753
28431885	1136	1139	Oat	T168	C0028753
28431885	1140	1151	consumption	T052	C2983605
28431885	1159	1165	months	T079	C0439231
28431885	1181	1189	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28431885	1191	1219	standardized mean difference	T081	C0392762
28431885	1221	1230	reduction	T080	C0392756
28431885	1234	1248	symptom scores	T033	C3476546
28431885	1252	1260	patients	T101	C0030705
28431885	1290	1294	oats	T168	C0028753
28431885	1307	1309	CI	T081	C0009667
28431885	1334	1351	histologic scores	T170	C0807321
28431885	1353	1366	relative risk	T081	C0242492
28431885	1371	1390	histologic findings	T033	C0586683
28431885	1394	1402	patients	T101	C0030705
28431885	1416	1420	oats	T168	C0028753
28431885	1432	1434	CI	T081	C0009667
28431885	1457	1472	intraepithelial	T082	C1512942
28431885	1473	1490	lymphocyte counts	T059	C0200635
28431885	1492	1520	standardized mean difference	T081	C0392762
28431885	1532	1534	CI	T081	C0009667
28431885	1536	1545	reduction	T080	C0392756
28431885	1592	1607	serologic tests	T059	C0036743
28431885	1609	1626	Subgroup analyses	T062	C0242481
28431885	1630	1636	adults	T100	C0001675
28431885	1640	1648	children	T100	C0008059
28431885	1664	1675	differences	T081	C1705241
28431885	1689	1696	quality	T080	C0332306
28431885	1700	1708	evidence	T078	C3887511
28431885	1723	1740	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28431885	1745	1758	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28431885	1769	1780	no evidence	T080	C0332125
28431885	1798	1802	oats	T168	C0028753
28431885	1808	1811	GFD	T058	C0344351
28431885	1820	1828	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28431885	1830	1839	histology	T169	C4048239
28431885	1841	1849	immunity	T039	C0020964
28431885	1854	1863	serologic	T169	C0205473
28431885	1864	1872	features	T080	C1521970
28431885	1876	1884	patients	T101	C0030705
28431885	1890	1904	celiac disease	T047	C0007570
28431885	1969	1976	limited	T169	C0439801
28431885	1977	2000	geographic distribution	T079	C0681686
28431885	2009	2016	quality	T080	C0332306
28431885	2020	2028	evidence	T078	C3887511
28431885	2039	2051	double-blind	T062	C0013072
28431885	2053	2071	placebo-controlled	T062,T170	C0599724
28431885	2073	2101	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28431885	2128	2132	oats	T168	C0028753
28431885	2156	2163	regions	T083	C0017446

28432098|t|Inhibitory effect of coumarin on syntrophic fatty acid oxidizing and methanogenic cultures and biogas reactor microbiomes
28432098|a|Coumarins are widely found in plants as natural constituents having antimicrobial activity. When considering plants rich in coumarins for biogas production, adverse effects on microorganisms driving the anaerobic digestion process are expected. Furthermore, coumarin derivatives like warfarin, which are used as anti-coagulating medicine, are found in wastewater affecting its treatment. Coumarin as the structure common to all coumarins inhibits the anaerobic digestion process. However, details of this inhibition are still elusive. Here, we studied the impact of coumarin on acetogenesis and methanogenesis. First, coumarin was applied at four concentrations between 0.25 and 1 g L(-1) to pure cultures of the methanogens Methanosarcina barkeri and Methanospirillum hungatei leading to up to 25% less methane production. Acetate production of syntrophic propionate and butyrate degrading cultures of Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans and Syntrophomonas wolfei were inhibited by 72% at a coumarin concentration of 1 g L(-1) Coumarin also inhibited acetogenesis and acetoclastic methanogenesis in a complex biogas reactor microbiome. When a coumarin-adapted microbiome was used, acetogenesis and methanogenesis were not inhibited. According to amplicon sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and mcrA genes, the microbial communities of both microbiomes were similar though Methanoculleus was more and Methanobacterium was less abundant in the coumarin-adapted than in the non-adapted microbiome. Our results suggest that well-dosed feeding with coumarin -rich feedstocks to full-scale biogas reactors keeping the coumarin concentrations below 0.5 g L(-1) will allow adaptation to coumarins by structural and functional community reorganization and coumarin degradation .IMPORTANCE Coumarins from natural and anthropogenic sources have an inhibitory impact on the anaerobic digestion process. Here, we studied in detail the adverse effects of the model compound coumarin on acetogenesis and methanogenesis, which are two important steps of the anaerobic digestion process. Coumarin concentrations lower than 0.5 g L(-1) had only a minor impact. Even though similar inhibitory effects can be assumed for coumarin derivatives, little effects on the anaerobic treatment of wastewater are expected where concentrations of coumarin derivatives are lower than 0.5 g L(-1) However, when full scale reactors are fed with coumarin -rich feedstocks, the biogas processes might be inhibited. Hence, these feedstocks should be utilized in a well- dosed manner or after adaptation of the microbial community.
28432098	0	10	Inhibitory	T044	C0021469
28432098	11	17	effect	T080	C1280500
28432098	21	29	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	33	54	syntrophic fatty acid	T109	C0015684
28432098	55	64	oxidizing	T044	C0030011
28432098	69	90	methanogenic cultures	T059	C2242979
28432098	95	101	biogas	T109	C2717893
28432098	102	109	reactor	T073	C3273359
28432098	110	121	microbiomes	T001	C1956108
28432098	122	131	Coumarins	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	152	158	plants	T002	C0032098
28432098	162	169	natural	T169	C0205296
28432098	170	182	constituents	T167	C0729650
28432098	190	212	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
28432098	231	237	plants	T002	C0032098
28432098	246	255	coumarins	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	260	266	biogas	T109	C2717893
28432098	279	294	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28432098	298	312	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28432098	325	334	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
28432098	335	352	digestion process	T040	C0596937
28432098	380	400	coumarin derivatives	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	406	414	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
28432098	434	459	anti-coagulating medicine	T121	C0003280
28432098	474	484	wastewater	T069	C3494254
28432098	485	494	affecting	T169	C0392760
28432098	499	508	treatment	T169	C1522326
28432098	510	518	Coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	550	559	coumarins	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	560	568	inhibits	T044	C0021469
28432098	573	582	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
28432098	583	600	digestion process	T040	C0596937
28432098	627	637	inhibition	T044	C0021469
28432098	688	696	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	700	712	acetogenesis	T038	C0220781
28432098	717	731	methanogenesis	T044	C1157690
28432098	740	748	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	769	783	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28432098	819	827	cultures	T059	C3826495
28432098	835	846	methanogens	T194	C0524822
28432098	847	869	Methanosarcina barkeri	T194	C0085530
28432098	874	899	Methanospirillum hungatei	T194	C0995897
28432098	926	944	methane production	T040	C1855163
28432098	946	953	Acetate	T109,T121	C0000975
28432098	954	964	production	T038	C0220781
28432098	968	989	syntrophic propionate	T109	C0392214
28432098	994	1002	butyrate	T109	C0220802
28432098	1013	1021	cultures	T059	C3826495
28432098	1025	1053	Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans	T007	C1057281
28432098	1058	1079	Syntrophomonas wolfei	T007	C1080717
28432098	1085	1094	inhibited	T044	C0021469
28432098	1107	1115	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	1116	1129	concentration	T081	C1446561
28432098	1143	1151	Coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	1157	1166	inhibited	T044	C0021469
28432098	1167	1179	acetogenesis	T038	C0220781
28432098	1184	1211	acetoclastic methanogenesis	T044	C1157690
28432098	1225	1231	biogas	T109	C2717893
28432098	1232	1239	reactor	T073	C3273359
28432098	1240	1250	microbiome	T001	C1956108
28432098	1259	1286	coumarin-adapted microbiome	T001	C1956108
28432098	1297	1309	acetogenesis	T038	C0220781
28432098	1314	1328	methanogenesis	T044	C1157690
28432098	1338	1347	inhibited	T044	C0021469
28432098	1362	1381	amplicon sequencing	T059	C1441475
28432098	1385	1394	bacterial	T080	C0521009
28432098	1395	1409	16S rRNA genes	T028	C0035899
28432098	1414	1424	mcrA genes	T028	C0017337
28432098	1430	1439	microbial	T001	C0599840
28432098	1440	1451	communities	T070	C1253910
28432098	1460	1471	microbiomes	T001	C1956108
28432098	1492	1506	Methanoculleus	T194	C1012319
28432098	1520	1536	Methanobacterium	T194	C0085523
28432098	1562	1578	coumarin-adapted	T001	C1956108
28432098	1591	1613	non-adapted microbiome	T001	C1956108
28432098	1664	1672	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	1679	1689	feedstocks	T167	C0439861
28432098	1704	1710	biogas	T109	C2717893
28432098	1711	1719	reactors	T073	C3273359
28432098	1732	1740	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	1741	1755	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28432098	1785	1795	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28432098	1799	1808	coumarins	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	1812	1822	structural	T082	C0678594
28432098	1827	1837	functional	T169	C0205245
28432098	1838	1847	community	T070	C1253910
28432098	1867	1875	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	1876	1887	degradation	T169	C0243125
28432098	1900	1909	Coumarins	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	1915	1922	natural	T169	C0205296
28432098	1927	1940	anthropogenic	T131	C0014417
28432098	1941	1948	sources	T033	C0449416
28432098	1957	1967	inhibitory	T044	C0021469
28432098	1982	1991	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
28432098	1992	2009	digestion process	T040	C0596937
28432098	2042	2057	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28432098	2080	2088	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	2092	2104	acetogenesis	T038	C0220781
28432098	2109	2123	methanogenesis	T044	C1157690
28432098	2162	2171	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
28432098	2172	2189	digestion process	T040	C0596937
28432098	2191	2199	Coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	2200	2214	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28432098	2283	2293	inhibitory	T044	C0021469
28432098	2294	2301	effects	T080	C1280500
28432098	2321	2341	coumarin derivatives	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	2350	2357	effects	T080	C1280500
28432098	2365	2374	anaerobic	T080	C3641081
28432098	2375	2384	treatment	T169	C1522326
28432098	2388	2398	wastewater	T069	C3494254
28432098	2418	2432	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28432098	2436	2456	coumarin derivatives	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	2509	2517	reactors	T073	C3273359
28432098	2531	2539	coumarin	T109,T121	C0010206
28432098	2546	2556	feedstocks	T167	C0439861
28432098	2562	2578	biogas processes	T067	C1522240
28432098	2588	2597	inhibited	T044	C0021469
28432098	2612	2622	feedstocks	T167	C0439861
28432098	2653	2658	dosed	T081	C0178602
28432098	2675	2685	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28432098	2693	2702	microbial	T001	C0599840
28432098	2703	2712	community	T070	C1253910

28432481|t|The Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio is a Prognostic Determinant of T3 - 4 Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
28432481|a|This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological factors that influence recurrence and survival in patients who undergo operations for T3 - 4 hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). One hundred and five patients who underwent surgery between 2001 and 2008 for advanced hypopharyngeal SCCs were consecutively enrolled and reviewed. The pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR; median 3.22, range 0.62-46.50) was associated with disease recurrence and patient survival. A difference in the 5-year cumulative disease recurrence rate between patients with high (≥3.22) and low (<3.22) NLRs was significant (60.4 and 36.5%, respectively; p = 0.004). A multivariate analysis confirmed that an NLR ≥3.22 was an independent indicator of a poor prognosis for advanced hypopharyngeal SCC, as per the following parameters: overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-4.30, p = 0.001), disease-specific survival (HR 2.45, 95% CI 1.38-4.34, p = 0.002), and disease-free survival (HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.24-3.83, p = 0.007). Additional prognostic factors per the survival analyses included lymph node density, surgical margin, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion. An NLR ≥3.22 is associated with a higher risk of disease recurrence and poor survival in patients with T3 - 4 hypopharyngeal SCCs. We propose the use of the NLR to broaden the current TNM staging system; the development of a more effective treatment protocol for patients with high NLRs will be essential.
28432481	4	16	Pretreatment	T052	C3539076
28432481	17	47	Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio	T081	C0392762
28432481	53	75	Prognostic Determinant	T201	C1514474
28432481	79	81	T3	T191	C0280390
28432481	84	124	4 Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma	T191	C0280391
28432481	145	156	investigate	T169	C1292732
28432481	194	203	influence	T077	C4054723
28432481	204	214	recurrence	T046	C2825055
28432481	219	227	survival	T169	C0220921
28432481	231	239	patients	T101	C0030705
28432481	252	262	operations	T061	C0543467
28432481	267	269	T3	T191	C0280390
28432481	272	313	4 hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas	T191	C0280391
28432481	315	319	SCCs	T191	C0280321
28432481	343	351	patients	T101	C0030705
28432481	366	373	surgery	T061	C0543467
28432481	400	408	advanced	T080	C0205179
28432481	409	423	hypopharyngeal	T029	C0020629
28432481	424	428	SCCs	T191	C0280321
28432481	448	456	enrolled	T058	C1254363
28432481	461	469	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28432481	475	487	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
28432481	488	518	neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio	T081	C0392762
28432481	520	523	NLR	T081	C0392762
28432481	560	575	associated with	T080	C0332281
28432481	576	594	disease recurrence	T046	C2825055
28432481	599	606	patient	T101	C0030705
28432481	607	615	survival	T169	C0220921
28432481	619	629	difference	T080	C1705242
28432481	644	654	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28432481	655	673	disease recurrence	T046	C2825055
28432481	674	678	rate	T081	C1521828
28432481	687	695	patients	T101	C0030705
28432481	701	705	high	T080	C0205250
28432481	718	721	low	T080	C0205251
28432481	730	734	NLRs	T081	C0392762
28432481	739	750	significant	T078	C0750502
28432481	796	817	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28432481	818	827	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28432481	836	839	NLR	T081	C0392762
28432481	853	864	independent	T033	C1299583
28432481	865	874	indicator	T078	C0392360
28432481	880	894	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
28432481	899	907	advanced	T080	C0205179
28432481	908	922	hypopharyngeal	T029	C0020629
28432481	923	926	SCC	T191	C0280321
28432481	939	948	following	T079	C0332282
28432481	949	959	parameters	T077	C0549193
28432481	961	977	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28432481	979	991	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28432481	993	995	HR	T081	C2985465
28432481	1007	1026	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28432481	1028	1030	CI	T081	C0009667
28432481	1055	1080	disease-specific survival	T081	C2986538
28432481	1082	1084	HR	T081	C2985465
28432481	1095	1097	CI	T081	C0009667
28432481	1125	1146	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
28432481	1148	1150	HR	T081	C2985465
28432481	1161	1163	CI	T081	C0009667
28432481	1198	1216	prognostic factors	T201	C1514474
28432481	1225	1242	survival analyses	T062	C0038953
28432481	1252	1270	lymph node density	T081	C0392762
28432481	1272	1287	surgical margin	T023	C0229985
28432481	1289	1312	lymphovascular invasion	T033	C1708790
28432481	1318	1337	perineural invasion	T033	C1317608
28432481	1342	1345	NLR	T081	C0392762
28432481	1355	1370	associated with	T080	C0332281
28432481	1373	1384	higher risk	T033	C3843761
28432481	1388	1406	disease recurrence	T046	C2825055
28432481	1411	1415	poor	T080	C0542537
28432481	1416	1424	survival	T169	C0220921
28432481	1428	1436	patients	T101	C0030705
28432481	1442	1444	T3	T191	C0280390
28432481	1447	1468	4 hypopharyngeal SCCs	T191	C0280391
28432481	1485	1491	use of	T169	C1524063
28432481	1496	1499	NLR	T081	C0392762
28432481	1515	1522	current	T079	C0521116
28432481	1523	1541	TNM staging system	T185	C1515169
28432481	1547	1558	development	T169	C1527148
28432481	1569	1578	effective	T080	C1704419
28432481	1579	1597	treatment protocol	T061	C0040808
28432481	1602	1610	patients	T101	C0030705
28432481	1616	1620	high	T080	C0205250
28432481	1621	1625	NLRs	T081	C0392762
28432481	1634	1643	essential	T080	C0205224

28432511|t|Environmental management zoning for coal mining in mainland China based on ecological and resources conditions
28432511|a|The purpose of this research is to establish an environmental management zoning for coal mining industry which is served as a basis for making environmental management policies. Based on the specific impacts of coal mining and regional characteristics of environment and resources, the ecological impact, water resources impact, and arable land impact are chose as the zoning indexes to construct the index system. The ecological sensitivity is graded into three levels of low, medium, and high according to analytical hierarchy processes and gray fixed weight clustering analysis, and the water resources sensitivity is divided into five levels of lower, low, medium, high, and higher according to the weighted sum of sub-indexes, while only the arable land sensitive zone was extracted on the basis of the ratio of arable land to the county or city. By combining the ecological sensitivity zoning and the water resources sensitive zoning and then overlapping the arable-sensitive areas, the mainland China is classified into six types of environmental management zones for coal mining except to the forbidden exploitation areas.
28432511	0	13	Environmental	T082	C0014406
28432511	14	24	management	T057	C1273870
28432511	25	31	zoning	UnknownType	C0680812
28432511	36	47	coal mining	T057	C0009133
28432511	51	65	mainland China	T083	C0008115
28432511	75	85	ecological	T090	C0013546
28432511	90	99	resources	T078	C0035201
28432511	100	110	conditions	T080	C0348080
28432511	159	172	environmental	T082	C0014406
28432511	173	183	management	T057	C1273870
28432511	184	190	zoning	UnknownType	C0680812
28432511	195	206	coal mining	T057	C0009133
28432511	207	215	industry	T057	C0021267
28432511	254	267	environmental	T082	C0014406
28432511	268	278	management	T057	C1273870
28432511	279	287	policies	T170	C0242456
28432511	311	318	impacts	T080	C4049986
28432511	322	333	coal mining	T057	C0009133
28432511	338	346	regional	T082	C0205147
28432511	347	362	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28432511	366	377	environment	T082	C0014406
28432511	382	391	resources	T078	C0035201
28432511	397	414	ecological impact	T067	C0282165
28432511	416	431	water resources	T070	C3494255
28432511	432	438	impact	T080	C4049986
28432511	444	455	arable land	T073	C0557668
28432511	456	462	impact	T080	C4049986
28432511	480	486	zoning	UnknownType	C0680812
28432511	487	494	indexes	T170	C0600653
28432511	512	517	index	T170	C0918012
28432511	518	524	system	T169	C0449913
28432511	530	540	ecological	T090	C0013546
28432511	541	552	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28432511	556	562	graded	T185	C0441800
28432511	584	587	low	T080	C0205251
28432511	589	595	medium	T081	C0439536
28432511	601	605	high	T080	C0205250
28432511	619	649	analytical hierarchy processes	T067	C1522240
28432511	654	691	gray fixed weight clustering analysis	T062	C0936012
28432511	701	716	water resources	T070	C3494255
28432511	717	728	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28432511	760	765	lower	T080	C0205251
28432511	767	770	low	T080	C0205251
28432511	772	778	medium	T081	C0439536
28432511	780	784	high	T080	C0205250
28432511	790	796	higher	T080	C0205250
28432511	814	822	weighted	T081	C0043100
28432511	823	826	sum	T081	C1515051
28432511	830	841	sub-indexes	T170	C0600653
28432511	858	869	arable land	T073	C0557668
28432511	870	879	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28432511	880	884	zone	T082	C1710706
28432511	919	924	ratio	T081	C0456603
28432511	928	939	arable land	T073	C0557668
28432511	947	953	county	T083	C0079170
28432511	957	961	city	T083	C0008848
28432511	980	990	ecological	T090	C0013546
28432511	991	1002	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28432511	1003	1009	zoning	UnknownType	C0680812
28432511	1018	1033	water resources	T070	C3494255
28432511	1034	1043	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28432511	1044	1050	zoning	UnknownType	C0680812
28432511	1076	1098	arable-sensitive areas	T082	C0205146
28432511	1104	1118	mainland China	T083	C0008115
28432511	1151	1164	environmental	T082	C0014406
28432511	1165	1175	management	T057	C1273870
28432511	1176	1181	zones	T082	C1710706
28432511	1186	1197	coal mining	T057	C0009133
28432511	1212	1240	forbidden exploitation areas	T082	C0205146

28432665|t|Systemic and microcirculatory effects of blood transfusion in experimental hemorrhagic shock
28432665|a|The microvascular reperfusion injury after retransfusion has not been completely characterized. Specifically, the question of heterogeneity among different microvascular beds needs to be addressed. In addition, the identification of anaerobic metabolism is elusive. The venoarterial PCO2 to arteriovenous oxygen content difference ratio (Pv-a CO2 /Ca-v O2) might be a surrogate for respiratory quotient, but this has not been validated. Therefore, our goal was to characterize sublingual and intestinal (mucosal and serosal) microvascular injury after blood resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock and its relation with O2 and CO2 metabolism. Anesthetized and mechanically ventilated sheep were assigned to stepwise bleeding and blood retransfusion (n = 10) and sham (n = 7) groups. We performed analysis of expired gases, arterial and mixed venous blood gases, and intestinal and sublingual videomicroscopy. In the bleeding group during the last step of hemorrhage, and compared to the sham group, there were decreases in oxygen consumption (3.7 [2.8-4.6] vs. 6.8 [5.8-8.0] mL min(-1) kg(-1), P < 0.001) and increases in respiratory quotient (0.96 [0.91-1.06] vs. 0.72 [0.69-0.77], P < 0.001). Retransfusion normalized these variables. The Pv-a CO2 /Ca-v O2 increased in the last step of bleeding (2.4 [2.0-2.8] vs. 1.1 [1.0-1.3], P < 0.001) and remained elevated after retransfusion, compared to the sham group (1.8 [1.5-2.0] vs. 1.1 [0.9-1.3], P < 0.001). Pv-a CO2 /Ca-v O2 had a weak correlation with respiratory quotient (Spearman R = 0.42, P < 0.001). All the intestinal and sublingual microcirculatory variables were affected during hemorrhage and improved after retransfusion. The recovery was only complete for intestinal red blood cell velocity and sublingual total and perfused vascular densities. Although there were some minor differences, intestinal and sublingual microcirculation behaved similarly. Therefore, sublingual mucosa might be an adequate window to track intestinal microvascular reperfusion injury. Additionally, Pv-a CO2 /Ca-v O2 was poorly correlated with respiratory quotient, and its physiologic behavior was different. Thus, it might be a misleading surrogate for anaerobic metabolism.
28432665	0	8	Systemic	T169	C0205373
28432665	13	29	microcirculatory	T042	C0025962
28432665	30	37	effects	T080	C1280500
28432665	41	58	blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28432665	62	74	experimental	T080	C1517586
28432665	75	92	hemorrhagic shock	T046	C0036982
28432665	97	110	microvascular	T169	C0443258
28432665	111	129	reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
28432665	136	149	retransfusion	T061	C0005841
28432665	154	157	not	T169	C1518422
28432665	163	173	completely	T080	C0205197
28432665	174	187	characterized	T052	C1880022
28432665	219	232	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28432665	249	267	microvascular beds	T023	C1513268
28432665	308	322	identification	T041	C0020792
28432665	326	346	anaerobic metabolism	T040	C4279968
28432665	350	357	elusive	T048	C0020903
28432665	363	375	venoarterial	T082	C0450124
28432665	376	380	PCO2	T059	C0201931
28432665	384	423	arteriovenous oxygen content difference	T059	C2237108
28432665	424	429	ratio	T081	C0456603
28432665	436	439	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28432665	446	448	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28432665	461	470	surrogate	T121	C0005836
28432665	475	495	respiratory quotient	T201	C0429702
28432665	519	528	validated	T062	C1519941
28432665	545	549	goal	T170	C0018017
28432665	557	569	characterize	T052	C1880022
28432665	570	580	sublingual	T029	C0026638
28432665	585	595	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28432665	597	604	mucosal	T024	C0026724
28432665	609	616	serosal	T029	C0521344
28432665	618	631	microvascular	T169	C0443258
28432665	632	638	injury	T037	C3263722
28432665	645	650	blood	T031	C0005767
28432665	651	664	resuscitation	T061	C0035273
28432665	668	685	hemorrhagic shock	T046	C0036982
28432665	708	710	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28432665	715	718	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28432665	719	729	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28432665	731	743	Anesthetized	T121	C0002932
28432665	748	771	mechanically ventilated	T061	C0199470
28432665	772	777	sheep	T015	C0036945
28432665	783	791	assigned	T169	C1516050
28432665	795	803	stepwise	T077	C1261552
28432665	804	812	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28432665	817	836	blood retransfusion	T061	C0005841
28432665	850	854	sham	T061	C0032042
28432665	863	869	groups	T078	C0441833
28432665	874	883	performed	T169	C0884358
28432665	884	892	analysis	T062	C0936012
28432665	896	909	expired gases	T201	C3871161
28432665	911	919	arterial	T082	C0221464
28432665	924	948	mixed venous blood gases	T060	C0177834
28432665	954	964	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28432665	969	979	sublingual	T029	C0026638
28432665	980	995	videomicroscopy	T059	C0242940
28432665	1004	1012	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28432665	1013	1018	group	T078	C0441833
28432665	1043	1053	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28432665	1059	1067	compared	T052	C1707455
28432665	1075	1079	sham	T061	C0032042
28432665	1080	1085	group	T078	C0441833
28432665	1098	1107	decreases	T081	C0547047
28432665	1111	1129	oxygen consumption	T201	C0030055
28432665	1197	1206	increases	T169	C0442805
28432665	1210	1230	respiratory quotient	T201	C0429702
28432665	1283	1296	Retransfusion	T061	C0005841
28432665	1297	1307	normalized	T062	C1882115
28432665	1314	1323	variables	T080	C0439828
28432665	1334	1337	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28432665	1344	1346	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28432665	1347	1356	increased	T081	C0205217
28432665	1377	1385	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28432665	1444	1452	elevated	T080	C3163633
28432665	1459	1472	retransfusion	T061	C0005841
28432665	1474	1482	compared	T052	C1707455
28432665	1490	1494	sham	T061	C0032042
28432665	1495	1500	group	T078	C0441833
28432665	1552	1555	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28432665	1562	1564	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28432665	1571	1575	weak	T080	C1762617
28432665	1576	1587	correlation	T080	C1707520
28432665	1593	1613	respiratory quotient	T201	C0429702
28432665	1615	1625	Spearman R	T081	C0242929
28432665	1654	1664	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28432665	1669	1679	sublingual	T029	C0026638
28432665	1680	1696	microcirculatory	T042	C0025962
28432665	1697	1706	variables	T080	C0439828
28432665	1712	1720	affected	T169	C0392760
28432665	1728	1738	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28432665	1743	1751	improved	T033	C0184511
28432665	1758	1771	retransfusion	T061	C0005841
28432665	1777	1785	recovery	T052	C0237820
28432665	1795	1803	complete	T080	C0205197
28432665	1808	1818	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28432665	1819	1833	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
28432665	1834	1842	velocity	T201	C1531610
28432665	1847	1857	sublingual	T029	C0026638
28432665	1858	1863	total	T080	C0439810
28432665	1868	1876	perfused	T061	C0031001
28432665	1877	1885	vascular	T080	C1801960
28432665	1886	1895	densities	T081	C0178587
28432665	1922	1927	minor	T080	C0205165
28432665	1928	1939	differences	T080	C1705242
28432665	1941	1951	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28432665	1956	1966	sublingual	T029	C0026638
28432665	1967	1983	microcirculation	T042	C0025962
28432665	1992	2001	similarly	T080	C2348205
28432665	2014	2024	sublingual	T029	C0026638
28432665	2025	2031	mucosa	T024	C0026724
28432665	2044	2052	adequate	T080	C0205411
28432665	2069	2079	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28432665	2080	2093	microvascular	T169	C0443258
28432665	2094	2112	reperfusion injury	T037	C0035126
28432665	2133	2136	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28432665	2143	2145	O2	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28432665	2150	2156	poorly	T080	C0542537
28432665	2157	2167	correlated	T080	C1707520
28432665	2173	2193	respiratory quotient	T201	C0429702
28432665	2203	2223	physiologic behavior	T039	C0031845
28432665	2228	2237	different	T080	C1705242
28432665	2270	2279	surrogate	T121	C0005836
28432665	2284	2304	anaerobic metabolism	T040	C4279968

28432743|t|Global and local visual processing in autism: An objective assessment approach
28432743|a|We examined global and local visual processing in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) via a match-to-sample task using Kanizsa illusory contours (KIC). School-aged children with ASD (n = 28) and age-matched typically developing controls (n = 22; 7-13 years) performed a sequential match-to-sample between a solid shape (sample) and two illusory alternatives. We tracked eye gaze and behavioral performance in two task conditions: one with and one without local interference from background noise elements. While analyses revealed lower accuracy and longer reaction time in ASD in the condition with local interference only, eye tracking robustly captured ASD -related global atypicalities across both conditions. Specifically, relative to controls, children with ASD showed decreased fixations to KIC centers, indicating reduced global perception. Notably, they did not differ from controls in regard to fixations to local elements or touch response location. These results indicate impaired global perception in the absence of heightened local processing in ASD. They also underscore the utility of eye-tracking measures as objective indices of global / local visual processing strategies in ASD. Autism Res 2017. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
28432743	0	6	Global	T080	C2348867
28432743	11	16	local	T082	C0205276
28432743	17	34	visual processing	T041	C0589087
28432743	38	44	autism	T048	C0004352
28432743	49	69	objective assessment	T080	C1571702
28432743	70	78	approach	T082	C0449445
28432743	82	90	examined	T033	C0332128
28432743	91	97	global	T080	C2348867
28432743	102	107	local	T082	C0205276
28432743	108	125	visual processing	T041	C0589087
28432743	129	153	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
28432743	155	158	ASD	T048	C1510586
28432743	166	186	match-to-sample task	T057	C3540678
28432743	193	218	Kanizsa illusory contours	T041	C0016563
28432743	220	223	KIC	T041	C0016563
28432743	226	246	School-aged children	T100	C0260267
28432743	252	255	ASD	T048	C1510586
28432743	269	280	age-matched	T080	C1708943
28432743	302	310	controls	T096	C0009932
28432743	325	330	years	T079	C0439234
28432743	332	341	performed	T169	C0884358
28432743	381	392	solid shape	T082	C0332479
28432743	394	400	sample	T167	C0370003
28432743	410	431	illusory alternatives	T033	C4023083
28432743	436	443	tracked	T039	C0597666
28432743	444	452	eye gaze	T033	C0553544
28432743	457	467	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28432743	468	479	performance	T055	C0597198
28432743	487	491	task	T057	C3540678
28432743	492	502	conditions	T080	C0348080
28432743	529	534	local	T082	C0205276
28432743	529	547	local interference	T041	C0679066
28432743	564	569	noise	T067	C0028263
28432743	570	578	elements	T077	C1705248
28432743	586	594	analyses	T062	C0936012
28432743	595	603	revealed	T080	C0443289
28432743	604	609	lower	T080	C0205251
28432743	610	618	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28432743	623	629	longer	T080	C0205166
28432743	630	643	reaction time	T079	C0034746
28432743	647	650	ASD	T048	C1510586
28432743	658	667	condition	T080	C0348080
28432743	673	678	local	T082	C0205276
28432743	673	691	local interference	T041	C0679066
28432743	698	710	eye tracking	T039	C0597666
28432743	729	732	ASD	T048	C1510586
28432743	742	748	global	T080	C2348867
28432743	749	762	atypicalities	T033	C0205161
28432743	775	785	conditions	T080	C0348080
28432743	813	821	controls	T096	C0009932
28432743	823	831	children	T100	C0008059
28432743	837	840	ASD	T048	C1510586
28432743	848	857	decreased	T081	C0205216
28432743	858	867	fixations	T041	C0728733
28432743	871	882	KIC centers	T073,T092	C0683939
28432743	895	902	reduced	T080	C0392756
28432743	903	909	global	T080	C2348867
28432743	910	920	perception	T041	C0030971
28432743	940	950	not differ	T033	C3842396
28432743	956	964	controls	T096	C0009932
28432743	978	987	fixations	T041	C0728733
28432743	991	996	local	T082	C0205276
28432743	991	1005	local elements	T077	C1705248
28432743	1009	1023	touch response	T042	C0702221
28432743	1024	1032	location	T029	C1515974
28432743	1040	1047	results	T169	C1274040
28432743	1057	1065	impaired	T169	C0221099
28432743	1066	1072	global	T080	C2348867
28432743	1073	1083	perception	T041	C0030971
28432743	1102	1112	heightened	T080	C0442803
28432743	1113	1118	local	T082	C0205276
28432743	1119	1129	processing	T052	C1709694
28432743	1133	1136	ASD	T048	C1510586
28432743	1148	1158	underscore	T081	C0449820
28432743	1163	1170	utility	T169	C0457083
28432743	1174	1186	eye-tracking	T039	C0597666
28432743	1187	1195	measures	T081	C0079809
28432743	1199	1216	objective indices	T170	C0918012
28432743	1220	1226	global	T080	C2348867
28432743	1229	1234	local	T082	C0205276
28432743	1235	1263	visual processing strategies	T041	C0589087
28432743	1267	1270	ASD	T048	C1510586

28432944|t|Phototoxic action of a zinc(II) phthalocyanine encapsulated into poloxamine polymeric micelles in 2D and 3D colon carcinoma cell cultures
28432944|a|Photodynamic therapy is emerging as a hopeful method for the treatment of oncological diseases. In the search of novel therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer, in this work we reported the photocytotoxic activity of a lipophilic zinc(II) phthalocyanine on a murine colon adenocarcinoma cell line (CT26 cells). The 2,9(10),16(17),23(24) tetrakis[(2-dimethylamino)ethylsulfanyl]phthalocyaninatozinc(II), named Pc9, was encapsulated into Tetronic® 1107 polymeric poloxamine micelles (T1107) and assayed in 2D and 3D cell cultures. We showed that the formulation Pc9 - T1107 was efficient to reduce cell viability after photodynamic treatment both in 2D cultures (IC50 10±2nM) as well as in CT26 spheroids (IC50 370±11nM). Cellular uptake of Pc9 - T1107 was a time- and concentration-dependent process, being the phthalocyanine formulation mainly incorporated into lysosomal vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum cisterns, but not in mitochondria. Pc9 - T1107 also induced the formation of reactive oxygen species immediately after cell irradiation. We also found that the phototoxic action of Pc9 - T1107 was partially reversed in the presence of antioxidants, such as TROLOX and N-acetyl-cysteine. In addition, we showed that Pc9 - T1107 treatment triggered an apoptotic cell death, as suggested by the detection of pyknotic nuclei, the reduction in the expression levels of procaspase-3 and the increase in caspase-3 enzymatic activity.
28432944	0	17	Phototoxic action	T169	C1511636
28432944	23	46	zinc(II) phthalocyanine	T109,T121	C0078832
28432944	47	59	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
28432944	65	75	poloxamine	T109,T121	C1876683
28432944	76	94	polymeric micelles	T109	C0025938
28432944	98	100	2D	T082	C1705052
28432944	105	107	3D	T082	C0450363
28432944	108	123	colon carcinoma	T191	C0699790
28432944	124	137	cell cultures	T059	C0007585
28432944	138	158	Photodynamic therapy	T061	C0031740
28432944	184	190	method	T169	C0449851
28432944	199	208	treatment	T061	C0087111
28432944	212	232	oncological diseases	T047	C0012634
28432944	257	279	therapeutic strategies	T170	C0679716
28432944	284	301	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28432944	332	355	photocytotoxic activity	T169	C1511636
28432944	361	371	lipophilic	T081	C0598631
28432944	372	395	zinc(II) phthalocyanine	T109,T121	C0078832
28432944	401	407	murine	T015	C0026809
28432944	408	428	colon adenocarcinoma	T191	C0338106
28432944	429	438	cell line	T025	C0007600
28432944	440	450	CT26 cells	T025	C0007634
28432944	457	543	2,9(10),16(17),23(24) tetrakis[(2-dimethylamino)ethylsulfanyl]phthalocyaninatozinc(II)	T121	C1254351
28432944	551	554	Pc9	T121	C1254351
28432944	560	572	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
28432944	578	592	Tetronic® 1107	T109,T121	C0675004
28432944	593	622	polymeric poloxamine micelles	T109,T121	C1876683
28432944	624	629	T1107	T109,T121	C0675004
28432944	646	648	2D	T082	C1705052
28432944	653	655	3D	T082	C0450363
28432944	656	669	cell cultures	T059	C0007585
28432944	690	701	formulation	T077	C1705957
28432944	702	705	Pc9	T121	C1254351
28432944	708	713	T1107	T109,T121	C0675004
28432944	731	737	reduce	T080	C0392756
28432944	738	752	cell viability	T043	C0007620
28432944	759	781	photodynamic treatment	T061	C0031740
28432944	790	792	2D	T082	C1705052
28432944	793	801	cultures	T059	C0007585
28432944	803	807	IC50	T081	C0600495
28432944	830	844	CT26 spheroids	T025	C0282501
28432944	846	850	IC50	T081	C0600495
28432944	862	877	Cellular uptake	T043	C0007613
28432944	881	884	Pc9	T121	C1254351
28432944	887	892	T1107	T109,T121	C0675004
28432944	899	904	time-	T067	C1522240
28432944	909	940	concentration-dependent process	T067	C1522240
28432944	952	966	phthalocyanine	T109,T121	C0078832
28432944	967	978	formulation	T077	C1705957
28432944	1004	1013	lysosomal	T029	C0521450
28432944	1014	1022	vesicles	T026	C1622418
28432944	1027	1057	endoplasmic reticulum cisterns	T026	C1166837
28432944	1070	1082	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28432944	1084	1087	Pc9	T121	C1254351
28432944	1090	1095	T1107	T109,T121	C0675004
28432944	1101	1108	induced	T169	C0205263
28432944	1113	1122	formation	T169	C1522492
28432944	1126	1149	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28432944	1168	1172	cell	T025	C0007634
28432944	1173	1184	irradiation	T070	C1282930
28432944	1209	1226	phototoxic action	T169	C1511636
28432944	1230	1233	Pc9	T121	C1254351
28432944	1236	1241	T1107	T109,T121	C0675004
28432944	1246	1255	partially	T081	C0728938
28432944	1256	1264	reversed	T169	C0205245
28432944	1284	1296	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
28432944	1306	1312	TROLOX	T109,T121	C0147003
28432944	1317	1334	N-acetyl-cysteine	T116,T121	C0001047
28432944	1364	1367	Pc9	T121	C1254351
28432944	1370	1375	T1107	T109,T121	C0675004
28432944	1376	1385	treatment	T061	C0087111
28432944	1386	1395	triggered	T080	C1444748
28432944	1399	1420	apoptotic cell death,	T043	C0162638
28432944	1441	1450	detection	T033	C0442726
28432944	1454	1462	pyknotic	T043	C0333904
28432944	1463	1469	nuclei	T026	C0007610
28432944	1475	1484	reduction	T080	C0392756
28432944	1492	1502	expression	T045	C1171362
28432944	1503	1509	levels	T080	C0441889
28432944	1513	1525	procaspase-3	T116,T126	C0758915
28432944	1534	1542	increase	T169	C0442805
28432944	1546	1555	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
28432944	1556	1574	enzymatic activity	T044	C2267219

28433058|t|Ultrathin Au nanowires assisted magnetic graphene - silica ZIC-HILIC composites for highly specific enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides
28433058|a|Protein glycosylation has been proven to participate in a variety of complex biological processes; however, the low abundance of glycopeptides in natural samples makes it essential to develop methods to isolate and enrich glycopeptides. In this study, a novel ultrathin Au nanowire assisted zwitterionic hydrophilic magnetic graphene oxide (GO - Fe3O4 / SiO2 / AuNWs / L-Cys) was synthesized with the good biocompatibility of GO, strong magnetic responses of Fe3O4, large surface area of ultrathin Au nanowires and excellent hydrophilicity of L-Cys via four simple and rapid steps. The ultrathin Au nanowires have a one-dimensional structure and were easily grafted with an abundant amount of L-Cys for the enrichment of glycopeptides. After the GO - Fe3O4 / SiO2 / AuNWs / L-Cys composites were applied to glycopeptide enrichment, 26 glycopeptides from a human IgG digest could be identified, with a detection limit as low as 10 fmol. Due to the abundant amount of grafted L-Cys, the composites also showed a large binding capacity (150 μg mg(-1)). Furthermore, the composites were applied for the analysis of real biological samples. A total of 793 glycopeptides from 467 glycoproteins were identified in three replicate analyses of 40 μg of mouse liver proteins. The results demonstrated the great potential of GO - Fe3O4 / SiO2 / AuNWs / L-Cys composites for the analysis of glycoproteins.
28433058	0	9	Ultrathin	T080	C0205556
28433058	10	12	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28433058	13	22	nanowires	T073	C1721063
28433058	23	31	assisted	T080	C1269765
28433058	32	49	magnetic graphene	T196	C2936695
28433058	52	58	silica	T122,T197	C0037098
28433058	59	79	ZIC-HILIC composites	T073	C1721059
28433058	114	136	N-linked glycopeptides	T116	C0017953
28433058	137	158	Protein glycosylation	T044	C0376322
28433058	178	189	participate	T169	C0679823
28433058	206	234	complex biological processes	T038	C3714634
28433058	253	262	abundance	T080	C2346714
28433058	266	279	glycopeptides	T116	C0017953
28433058	283	290	natural	T169	C0205296
28433058	291	298	samples	T167	C0439861
28433058	308	317	essential	T080	C0205224
28433058	329	336	methods	T169	C0449851
28433058	340	347	isolate	T169	C0205409
28433058	359	372	glycopeptides	T116	C0017953
28433058	382	387	study	T062	C2603343
28433058	397	406	ultrathin	T080	C0205556
28433058	407	409	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28433058	410	418	nanowire	T073	C1721063
28433058	419	427	assisted	T080	C1269765
28433058	428	452	zwitterionic hydrophilic	T104	C1254350
28433058	453	476	magnetic graphene oxide	T196	C2936695
28433058	478	480	GO	T196	C2936695
28433058	483	488	Fe3O4	T197	C0919332
28433058	491	495	SiO2	T122,T197	C0037098
28433058	498	503	AuNWs	T073	C1721063
28433058	506	511	L-Cys	T116,T123	C0010654
28433058	517	528	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28433058	543	559	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28433058	563	565	GO	T196	C2936695
28433058	574	592	magnetic responses	T070	C0563532
28433058	596	601	Fe3O4	T197	C0919332
28433058	625	634	ultrathin	T080	C0205556
28433058	635	637	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28433058	638	647	nanowires	T073	C1721063
28433058	652	661	excellent	T080	C1961136
28433058	662	676	hydrophilicity	T080	C0475370
28433058	680	685	L-Cys	T116,T123	C0010654
28433058	695	701	simple	T080	C0205352
28433058	706	711	rapid	T080	C0456962
28433058	712	717	steps	T077	C1261552
28433058	723	732	ultrathin	T080	C0205556
28433058	733	735	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28433058	736	745	nanowires	T073	C1721063
28433058	753	778	one-dimensional structure	T082	C0678594
28433058	795	802	grafted	T067	C1254366
28433058	811	819	abundant	T080	C2346714
28433058	820	826	amount	T081	C1265611
28433058	830	835	L-Cys	T116,T123	C0010654
28433058	858	871	glycopeptides	T116	C0017953
28433058	883	885	GO	T196	C2936695
28433058	888	893	Fe3O4	T197	C0919332
28433058	896	900	SiO2	T122,T197	C0037098
28433058	903	908	AuNWs	T073	C1721063
28433058	911	916	L-Cys	T116,T123	C0010654
28433058	917	927	composites	T073	C1721059
28433058	933	940	applied	T169	C4048755
28433058	944	956	glycopeptide	T116	C0017953
28433058	972	985	glycopeptides	T116	C0017953
28433058	993	1002	human IgG	T116,T121,T129	C2702333
28433058	1019	1029	identified	T080	C0205396
28433058	1038	1053	detection limit	T081	C2718050
28433058	1084	1092	abundant	T080	C2346714
28433058	1093	1099	amount	T081	C1265611
28433058	1103	1110	grafted	T067	C1254366
28433058	1111	1116	L-Cys	T116,T123	C0010654
28433058	1122	1132	composites	T073	C1721059
28433058	1147	1152	large	T081	C0549177
28433058	1153	1169	binding capacity	T081	C0439155
28433058	1204	1214	composites	T073	C1721059
28433058	1220	1227	applied	T169	C4048755
28433058	1236	1244	analysis	T062	C0936012
28433058	1253	1271	biological samples	T077	C2347026
28433058	1288	1301	glycopeptides	T116	C0017953
28433058	1311	1324	glycoproteins	T116,T123	C0017968
28433058	1330	1340	identified	T080	C0205396
28433058	1350	1368	replicate analyses	T059	C4266672
28433058	1381	1392	mouse liver	T024	C1517914
28433058	1393	1401	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28433058	1407	1414	results	T169	C1274040
28433058	1438	1447	potential	T080	C3245505
28433058	1451	1453	GO	T196	C2936695
28433058	1456	1461	Fe3O4	T197	C0919332
28433058	1464	1468	SiO2	T122,T197	C0037098
28433058	1471	1476	AuNWs	T073	C1721063
28433058	1479	1484	L-Cys	T116,T123	C0010654
28433058	1485	1495	composites	T073	C1721059
28433058	1516	1529	glycoproteins	T116,T123	C0017968

28433214|t|Maturational Patterns of Systolic Ventricular Deformation Mechanics by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Preterm Infants over the First Year of Age
28433214|a|The aim of this study was to determine the maturational changes in systolic ventricular strain mechanics by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in extremely preterm neonates from birth to 1 year of age and discern the impact of common cardiopulmonary abnormalities on the deformation measures. In a prospective multicenter study of 239 extremely preterm infants (<29 weeks gestation at birth), left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global longitudinal systolic strain rate (GLSRs), interventricular septal wall (IVS) GLS and GLSRs, (RV) free wall longitudinal strain and strain rate, and segmental longitudinal strain in the RV free wall, LV free wall, and IVS were serially measured on days 1, 2, and 5 to 7, at 32 and 36 weeks postmenstrual age, and at 1 year corrected age (CA). Premature infants who developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia or had echocardiographic findings of pulmonary hypertension were analyzed separately. In uncomplicated preterm infants (n = 103 [48%]), LV GLS and GLSRs remained unchanged from days 5 to 7 to 1 year CA (P = .60 and P = .59). RV free wall longitudinal strain, RV free wall longitudinal strain rate, and IVS GLS and GLSRs significantly increased over the same time period (P < .01 for all measures). A significant base-to-apex (highest to lowest) segmental longitudinal strain gradient (P < .01) was seen in the RV free wall and a reverse apex-to-base gradient (P < .01) in the LV free wall. In infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and/or pulmonary hypertension (n = 119 [51%]), RV free wall longitudinal strain and IVS GLS were significantly lower (P < .01), LV GLS and GLSRs were similar (P = .56), and IVS segmental longitudinal strain persisted as an RV - dominant base-to-apex gradient from 32 weeks postmenstrual age to 1 year CA. This study tracks the maturational patterns of global and regional deformation by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in extremely preterm infants from birth to 1 year CA. The maturational patterns are ventricular specific. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension leave a negative impact on RV and IVS strain, while LV strain remains stable.
28433214	0	21	Maturational Patterns	T040	C0678723
28433214	25	67	Systolic Ventricular Deformation Mechanics	T033	C0243095
28433214	71	120	Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography	T060	C0013524
28433214	124	139	Preterm Infants	T100	C4048294
28433214	149	166	First Year of Age	T033	C4314929
28433214	210	230	maturational changes	T067	C0870861
28433214	234	271	systolic ventricular strain mechanics	T033	C0243095
28433214	275	324	two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography	T060	C0013524
28433214	338	354	preterm neonates	T100	C0021289
28433214	360	365	birth	T040	C0005615
28433214	369	382	1 year of age	T033	C1843991
28433214	399	405	impact	T080	C4049986
28433214	416	431	cardiopulmonary	T029	C0553534
28433214	432	445	abnormalities	T046	C0011164
28433214	480	509	prospective multicenter study	T062	C0033522
28433214	527	542	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28433214	548	553	weeks	T079	C0439230
28433214	554	572	gestation at birth	T033	C0456129
28433214	575	591	left ventricular	T023	C0225897
28433214	593	595	LV	T023	C0225897
28433214	684	712	interventricular septal wall	T023	C0225870
28433214	714	717	IVS	T023	C0225870
28433214	734	748	(RV) free wall	T023	C4288280
28433214	790	799	segmental	T082	C0205122
28433214	827	839	RV free wall	T023	C4288280
28433214	841	853	LV free wall	T029	C2326066
28433214	859	862	IVS	T023	C0225870
28433214	889	893	days	T079	C0439228
28433214	925	930	weeks	T079	C0439230
28433214	931	948	postmenstrual age	T032	C3828508
28433214	959	963	year	T079	C1510829
28433214	964	977	corrected age	T032	C3831006
28433214	979	981	CA	T032	C3831006
28433214	984	1001	Premature infants	T047	C0021294
28433214	1016	1042	bronchopulmonary dysplasia	T047	C0006287
28433214	1050	1067	echocardiographic	T060	C0013516
28433214	1080	1102	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
28433214	1146	1161	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28433214	1179	1181	LV	T023	C0225897
28433214	1190	1195	GLSRs	T201	C4263410
28433214	1220	1224	days	T079	C0439228
28433214	1242	1244	CA	T032	C3831006
28433214	1268	1280	RV free wall	T023	C4288280
28433214	1281	1300	longitudinal strain	T201	C4265378
28433214	1302	1314	RV free wall	T023	C4288280
28433214	1345	1348	IVS	T023	C0225870
28433214	1401	1412	time period	T079	C1948053
28433214	1488	1497	segmental	T082	C0205122
28433214	1518	1526	gradient	T081	C0812409
28433214	1553	1565	RV free wall	T023	C4288280
28433214	1593	1601	gradient	T081	C0812409
28433214	1619	1631	LV free wall	T029	C2326066
28433214	1636	1643	infants	T100	C0021270
28433214	1649	1675	bronchopulmonary dysplasia	T047	C0006287
28433214	1683	1705	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
28433214	1723	1735	RV free wall	T023	C4288280
28433214	1760	1763	IVS	T023	C0225870
28433214	1804	1806	LV	T023	C0225897
28433214	1849	1852	IVS	T023	C0225870
28433214	1853	1862	segmental	T082	C0205122
28433214	1899	1901	RV	T023	C0225883
28433214	1904	1912	dominant	T169	C1527180
28433214	1949	1966	postmenstrual age	T032	C3828508
28433214	1972	1976	year	T079	C1510829
28433214	1977	1979	CA	T032	C3831006
28433214	2003	2024	maturational patterns	T040	C0678723
28433214	2028	2034	global	T080	C2348867
28433214	2039	2047	regional	T082	C0205147
28433214	2048	2059	deformation	T033	C1562006
28433214	2063	2112	two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography	T060	C0013524
28433214	2126	2141	preterm infants	T100	C4048294
28433214	2158	2162	year	T079	C1510829
28433214	2163	2165	CA	T032	C3831006
28433214	2171	2192	maturational patterns	T040	C0678723
28433214	2197	2208	ventricular	T082	C1522565
28433214	2219	2245	Bronchopulmonary dysplasia	T047	C0006287
28433214	2250	2272	pulmonary hypertension	T046	C0020542
28433214	2281	2296	negative impact	T033	C4061372
28433214	2300	2302	RV	T033	C3267177
28433214	2307	2310	IVS	T023	C0225870
28433214	2311	2317	strain	T037	C0080194

28433448|t|Anemia complicating type 2 diabetes: Prevalence, risk factors and prognosis
28433448|a|To determine the prevalence, risk factors and prognosis of anemia in representative community-based patients with type 2 diabetes. Data from the Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II (FDS2; n=1551, mean age 65.7years, 51.9% males) and Busselton Diabetes Study (BDS; n=186, mean age 70.2years, 50.0% males) cohorts, and from 186 matched BDS participants without diabetes, were analyzed. The prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin ≤130g/L males, ≤120g/L females) was determined in each sample. In FDS2, associates of anemia were assessed using multiple logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling identified predictors of death during 4.3±1.2years post-recruitment. The prevalence of anemia at baseline was 11.5% in FDS2 participants, 17.8% in BDS type 2 patients and 5.4% in BDS participants without diabetes. In FDS2, 163 of 178 patients with anemia (91.6%) had at least one other risk factor (serum vitamin B12 <140pmol/L, serum ferritin <30μg/L and/or transferrin saturation <20%, serum testosterone <10nmol/L (males), glitazone therapy, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60mL/min 1.73m(2), malignancy, hemoglobinopathy). More anemic than non-anemic FDS2 patients died (28.7% versus 8.0%; P<0.001). After adjustment for other independent predictors (age as time-scale, male sex, Aboriginality, marital status, smoking, eGFR), anemia was associated with a 57% increase in mortality (P=0.015). Type 2 diabetes at least doubles the risk of anemia but other mostly modifiable risk factors are usually present. Anemia is associated with an increased risk of death after adjustment for other predictors.
28433448	0	6	Anemia	T047	C0002871
28433448	7	19	complicating	T169	C1522701
28433448	20	35	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28433448	37	47	Prevalence	T081	C0220900
28433448	49	61	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28433448	66	75	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28433448	93	103	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28433448	105	117	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28433448	122	131	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28433448	135	141	anemia	T047	C0002871
28433448	145	159	representative	T097	C0030701
28433448	176	184	patients	T101	C0030705
28433448	190	205	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28433448	221	254	Fremantle Diabetes Study Phase II	T062	C2603343
28433448	256	260	FDS2	T062	C2603343
28433448	296	301	males	T032	C0086582
28433448	307	331	Busselton Diabetes Study	T062	C2603343
28433448	333	336	BDS	T062	C2603343
28433448	371	376	males	T032	C0086582
28433448	378	385	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28433448	408	411	BDS	T062	C2603343
28433448	412	424	participants	T098	C0679646
28433448	433	441	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28433448	448	456	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28433448	462	472	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28433448	476	482	anemia	T047	C0002871
28433448	484	494	hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
28433448	503	508	males	T032	C0086582
28433448	518	525	females	T032	C0086287
28433448	531	541	determined	T080	C0521095
28433448	550	556	sample	T031	C0178913
28433448	561	565	FDS2	T062	C2603343
28433448	581	587	anemia	T047	C0002871
28433448	593	601	assessed	T052	C1516048
28433448	617	636	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28433448	641	674	Cox proportional hazards modeling	T081,T170	C0010235
28433448	686	696	predictors	T033	C0035648
28433448	700	705	death	T040	C0011065
28433448	748	758	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28433448	762	768	anemia	T047	C0002871
28433448	794	798	FDS2	T062	C2603343
28433448	799	811	participants	T098	C0679646
28433448	822	825	BDS	T062	C2603343
28433448	833	841	patients	T101	C0030705
28433448	854	857	BDS	T062	C2603343
28433448	858	870	participants	T098	C0679646
28433448	879	887	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28433448	892	896	FDS2	T062	C2603343
28433448	909	917	patients	T101	C0030705
28433448	923	929	anemia	T047	C0002871
28433448	961	972	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28433448	974	991	serum vitamin B12	T059	C0427408
28433448	1004	1018	serum ferritin	T033	C0241012
28433448	1034	1056	transferrin saturation	T059	C1277709
28433448	1063	1081	serum testosterone	T059	C0428413
28433448	1093	1098	males	T032	C0086582
28433448	1101	1110	glitazone	T109,T121	C1257987
28433448	1111	1118	therapy	T061	C0087111
28433448	1120	1156	estimated glomerular filtration rate	T059	C3811844
28433448	1158	1162	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28433448	1184	1194	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28433448	1196	1212	hemoglobinopathy	T047	C0019045
28433448	1220	1226	anemic	T033	C0857322
28433448	1232	1242	non-anemic	T033	C0857322
28433448	1243	1247	FDS2	T062	C2603343
28433448	1248	1256	patients	T101	C0030705
28433448	1331	1341	predictors	T033	C0035648
28433448	1372	1385	Aboriginality	T033	C1704258
28433448	1387	1401	marital status	T102	C0024819
28433448	1403	1410	smoking	T055	C0037369
28433448	1412	1416	eGFR	T059	C3811844
28433448	1419	1425	anemia	T047	C0002871
28433448	1430	1445	associated with	T080	C0332281
28433448	1452	1460	increase	T169	C0442805
28433448	1485	1500	Type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28433448	1530	1536	anemia	T047	C0002871
28433448	1565	1577	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28433448	1590	1597	present	T033	C0150312
28433448	1599	1605	Anemia	T047	C0002871
28433448	1609	1624	associated with	T080	C0332281
28433448	1628	1651	increased risk of death	T033	C2749787
28433448	1679	1689	predictors	T033	C0035648

28433844|t|Neurological Decline in an Elderly with Repaired Myelomeningocele Complicated with Lumbar Canal Stenosis: a case report
28433844|a|Tethered cord syndrome is a well-known complication after myelomeningocele (MMC) repair in childhood. However, late complications in adults with a repaired MMC are not well understood. In particular, the influence of a degenerative spinal deformity on a sustained tethered cord is still unclear. A 63-year-old man with a repaired MMC presented with a progressive gait disturbance and numbness in both lower limbs. Magnetic resonance images demonstrated that the tethered spinal cord was compressed by severe canal stenosis along the entire lumbar spine. After a multi-level lumbar decompression surgery, the patient recovered to baseline neurological status. In adults with a repaired MMC, lumbar canal stenosis should be investigated as a possible cause of late neurological decline. Clinical manifestations may be complicated by the coexistence of both the original and subsequent neurological disorders. Because these additional disorders result from compressive myelopathy, early surgical decompression is indicated to avoid irreversible spinal cord dysfunction.
28433844	0	20	Neurological Decline	T033	C4314692
28433844	27	34	Elderly	T098	C0001792
28433844	40	48	Repaired	T169	C0205340
28433844	49	65	Myelomeningocele	T019	C0025312
28433844	66	77	Complicated	T169	C0231242
28433844	83	104	Lumbar Canal Stenosis	T047	C0158288
28433844	108	119	case report	T170	C0085973
28433844	120	142	Tethered cord syndrome	T047	C0080218
28433844	159	171	complication	T046	C0009566
28433844	178	194	myelomeningocele	T019	C0025312
28433844	196	199	MMC	T019	C0025312
28433844	201	207	repair	T058	C1705181
28433844	211	220	childhood	T079	C0231335
28433844	236	249	complications	T046	C0009566
28433844	253	259	adults	T100	C0001675
28433844	267	275	repaired	T169	C0205340
28433844	276	279	MMC	T019	C0025312
28433844	324	333	influence	T077	C4054723
28433844	339	368	degenerative spinal deformity	T190	C0575157
28433844	374	383	sustained	T169	C0443318
28433844	384	397	tethered cord	T033	C1842369
28433844	418	429	63-year-old	T100	C0001675
28433844	430	433	man	T032	C0086582
28433844	441	449	repaired	T169	C0205340
28433844	450	453	MMC	T019	C0025312
28433844	471	499	progressive gait disturbance	T033	C0243095
28433844	504	512	numbness	T184	C0028643
28433844	521	532	lower limbs	T023	C0023216
28433844	534	559	Magnetic resonance images	T170	C1704922
28433844	582	602	tethered spinal cord	T033	C1842369
28433844	607	617	compressed	T169	C0332260
28433844	621	627	severe	T080	C0205082
28433844	628	642	canal stenosis	T047	C0158288
28433844	653	672	entire lumbar spine	T029	C1269871
28433844	682	714	multi-level lumbar decompression	T061	C0578803
28433844	715	722	surgery	T061	C0543467
28433844	728	745	patient recovered	T032	C1115804
28433844	749	757	baseline	T081	C1442488
28433844	758	770	neurological	T080	C0205494
28433844	782	788	adults	T100	C0001675
28433844	796	804	repaired	T169	C0205340
28433844	805	808	MMC	T019	C0025312
28433844	810	831	lumbar canal stenosis	T047	C0158288
28433844	842	854	investigated	T169	C1292732
28433844	883	903	neurological decline	T033	C4314692
28433844	936	947	complicated	T169	C0231242
28433844	1003	1025	neurological disorders	T047	C0027765
28433844	1052	1061	disorders	T047	C0012634
28433844	1074	1096	compressive myelopathy	T047	C0037926
28433844	1104	1126	surgical decompression	T061	C0376530
28433844	1162	1185	spinal cord dysfunction	T047	C0012634

28433910|t|Succinic acid production by immobilized cultures using spent sulphite liquor as fermentation medium
28433910|a|Spent sulphite liquor (SSL) was used as carbon source for the production of succinic acid using immobilized cultures of Actinobacillus succinogenes and Basfia succiniciproducens on two different supports, delignified cellulosic material (DCM) and alginate beads. Fed-batch immobilized cultures with A. succinogenes in alginates resulted in higher sugar to succinic acid conversion yield (0.81g/g) than the respective yield achieved (0.65g/g) when DCM immobilized cultures were used. The final succinic acid concentration and yield achieved in fed-batch with immobilized cultures of B. succiniciproducens in alginates (45g/L and 0.66g/g) were higher than A. succinogenes immobilized cultures (35.4g/L and 0.61g/g) using nano - filtrated SSL as fermentation medium. Immobilized cultures of B. succiniciproducens in alginate beads were reused in four sequential fed-batch fermentations of nano - filtrated SSL leading to the production of 64.7g of succinic acid with a yield range of 0.42-0.67g/g and productivity range of 0.29-0.65g/L/h. The immobilized cultures improved the efficiency of succinic acid production as compared to free cell cultures.
28433910	0	13	Succinic acid	T109,T121	C0075429
28433910	14	24	production	T052	C1883254
28433910	28	39	immobilized	T025	C0282542
28433910	40	48	cultures	T059	C0007585
28433910	55	76	spent sulphite liquor	T167	C0302908
28433910	80	92	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28433910	93	99	medium	T167	C1705217
28433910	100	121	Spent sulphite liquor	T130	C0010454
28433910	123	126	SSL	T130	C0010454
28433910	140	146	carbon	T196	C0007009
28433910	147	153	source	T033	C0449416
28433910	162	172	production	T052	C1883254
28433910	176	189	succinic acid	T109,T121	C0075429
28433910	196	207	immobilized	T025	C0282542
28433910	208	216	cultures	T059	C0007585
28433910	220	247	Actinobacillus succinogenes	T007	C1026661
28433910	252	277	Basfia succiniciproducens	T007	C3716734
28433910	295	303	supports	T167	C0439861
28433910	305	336	delignified cellulosic material	T121	C3256315
28433910	338	341	DCM	T121	C3256315
28433910	347	355	alginate	T109,T122	C0102137
28433910	356	361	beads	T167	C0439861
28433910	363	393	Fed-batch immobilized cultures	T059	C3179109
28433910	399	414	A. succinogenes	T007	C1026661
28433910	418	427	alginates	T109,T122	C0102137
28433910	440	446	higher	T080	C0205250
28433910	447	452	sugar	T109,T121	C0242209
28433910	456	469	succinic acid	T109,T121	C0075429
28433910	470	486	conversion yield	T081	C0392762
28433910	517	522	yield	T081	C0392762
28433910	547	550	DCM	T121	C3256315
28433910	551	562	immobilized	T025	C0282542
28433910	563	571	cultures	T059	C0007585
28433910	593	606	succinic acid	T109,T121	C0075429
28433910	607	620	concentration	T081	C1446561
28433910	625	630	yield	T081	C0392762
28433910	643	652	fed-batch	T059	C3179109
28433910	658	669	immobilized	T025	C0282542
28433910	670	678	cultures	T059	C0007585
28433910	682	703	B. succiniciproducens	T007	C3716734
28433910	707	716	alginates	T109,T122	C0102137
28433910	742	748	higher	T080	C0205250
28433910	754	769	A. succinogenes	T007	C1026661
28433910	770	781	immobilized	T025	C0282542
28433910	782	790	cultures	T059	C0007585
28433910	819	823	nano	T081	C1553036
28433910	826	839	filtrated SSL	T167	C0302908
28433910	843	855	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28433910	856	862	medium	T167	C1705217
28433910	864	875	Immobilized	T025	C0282542
28433910	876	884	cultures	T059	C0007585
28433910	888	909	B. succiniciproducens	T007	C3716734
28433910	913	921	alginate	T109,T122	C0102137
28433910	922	927	beads	T167	C0439861
28433910	948	968	sequential fed-batch	T059	C3179109
28433910	969	982	fermentations	T044	C0015852
28433910	986	990	nano	T081	C1553036
28433910	993	1006	filtrated SSL	T130	C0010454
28433910	1022	1032	production	T052	C1883254
28433910	1045	1058	succinic acid	T109,T121	C0075429
28433910	1066	1071	yield	T081	C0392762
28433910	1098	1110	productivity	T081	C0033269
28433910	1140	1151	immobilized	T025	C0282542
28433910	1152	1160	cultures	T059	C0007585
28433910	1174	1184	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28433910	1188	1201	succinic acid	T109,T121	C0075429
28433910	1202	1212	production	T052	C1883254
28433910	1216	1224	compared	T052	C1707455
28433910	1228	1246	free cell cultures	T059	C0007585

28434897|t|Epidemiology of polyomavirus BK (BKV) and the emergent African variant in kidney and bone marrow transplant recipients in the Fundacion Valle del Lili in Cali, Colombia
28434897|a|To describe the epidemiology of BKV and to assess the presence of the African variant in bone marrow and kidney transplant patients who have suspected BKV reactivation. A descriptive study was conducted, using institutional records, at the Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali - Colombia. The overall prevalence of BKV during the study period was 51%. The African variant was identified in 49.4% of samples that were positive for BKV. 50.6% of the samples were found to have the wild strain of BKV. Among BKV positive patients, 57% were kidney transplant recipients and 43% were bone marrow transplant recipients. This is the first epidemiological study describing the African variant of BKV in Colombia.
28434897	0	12	Epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28434897	16	31	polyomavirus BK	T005	C0005670
28434897	33	36	BKV	T005	C0005670
28434897	46	54	emergent	T078	C0750573
28434897	55	62	African	T083	C0001737
28434897	63	70	variant	T080	C0205419
28434897	74	80	kidney	T023	C0022646
28434897	85	96	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28434897	97	118	transplant recipients	T101	C0376387
28434897	126	158	Fundacion Valle del Lili in Cali	T093	C1708333
28434897	160	168	Colombia	T083	C3245499
28434897	185	197	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28434897	201	204	BKV	T005	C0005670
28434897	212	218	assess	T052	C1516048
28434897	223	231	presence	T033	C0150312
28434897	239	246	African	T083	C0001737
28434897	247	254	variant	T080	C0205419
28434897	258	269	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28434897	274	300	kidney transplant patients	T033	C4304779
28434897	310	319	suspected	T080	C0332147
28434897	320	323	BKV	T005	C0005670
28434897	324	336	reactivation	T052	C4086768
28434897	340	357	descriptive study	T062	C0002783
28434897	362	371	conducted	T033	C3844519
28434897	379	400	institutional records	T170	C0034869
28434897	409	439	Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali	T093	C1708333
28434897	442	450	Colombia	T083	C3245499
28434897	456	474	overall prevalence	T081	C0033106
28434897	478	481	BKV	T005	C0005670
28434897	519	526	African	T083	C0001737
28434897	527	534	variant	T080	C0205419
28434897	539	549	identified	T080	C0205396
28434897	562	569	samples	T167	C0370003
28434897	580	588	positive	T033	C1446409
28434897	593	596	BKV	T005	C0005670
28434897	611	618	samples	T167	C0370003
28434897	642	646	wild	T028	C1883559
28434897	647	653	strain	T080	C0456178
28434897	657	660	BKV	T005	C0005670
28434897	668	671	BKV	T005	C0005670
28434897	672	680	positive	T033	C1446409
28434897	681	689	patients	T101	C0030705
28434897	700	728	kidney transplant recipients	T033	C4304779
28434897	742	753	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28434897	754	775	transplant recipients	T101	C0376387
28434897	795	816	epidemiological study	T062	C0002783
28434897	832	839	African	T083	C0001737
28434897	840	847	variant	T080	C0205419
28434897	851	854	BKV	T005	C0005670
28434897	858	866	Colombia	T083	C3245499

28434980|t|Thaw -and-use target cells pre-labeled with calcein AM for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays
28434980|a|In vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays are routinely performed to support the research and development of therapeutic antibodies. In ADCC assays, target cells bound by the antibodies are lysed by activated effector cells following interactions between the Fc region of the bound antibody and Fcγ receptors on effector cells. Target cell lysis is typically measured by quantification of released endogenous enzymes, e.g., lactate dehydrogenase, or measurement of released exogenous labels, e.g., (51)Cr, europium or calcein. ADCC assays based on the detection of exogenous labels released from lysed target cells generally show higher sensitivity and require shorter incubation times. However, target cells are usually labeled immediately prior to assay, which inadvertently introduces additional assay variations due to differences in target cell conditions and labeling / handling processes. In this report, we describe the use of thaw -and-use pre-labeled target cells for ADCC assays. Thaw -and-use target cells in our experiments were pre-labeled with the fluorescent dye calcein AM, cryopreserved in single-use aliquots and used directly in assays after thawing. Upon thaw, the pre-labeled cells displayed viability and label retention comparable to freshly labeled cells, responded to ADCC mediated by both peripheral blood mononuclear cells and engineered natural killer cells, performed stably for at least 3 years and provided favorable precision and accuracy to ADCC assays. Implementation of thaw -and-use pre-labeled target cells in ADCC assays can help to alleviate both cell culture and dye labeling derived variability, increase the flexibility of assay scheduling and improve assay consistency and robustness.
28434980	0	4	Thaw	T059	C1710378
28434980	14	26	target cells	T025	C0221284
28434980	27	38	pre-labeled	T080	C1708632
28434980	44	54	calcein AM	T130	C0016320
28434980	59	111	antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays	T059	C0201624
28434980	112	120	In vitro	T080	C1533691
28434980	121	180	antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays	T059	C0201624
28434980	248	270	therapeutic antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28434980	275	286	ADCC assays	T059	C0201624
28434980	288	300	target cells	T025	C0221284
28434980	314	324	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28434980	329	334	lysed	T046	C0024348
28434980	338	347	activated	T052	C1879547
28434980	348	362	effector cells	T025	C0312740
28434980	398	407	Fc region	T116,T129	C0021032
28434980	421	429	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28434980	434	447	Fcγ receptors	T116,T129,T192	C0034805
28434980	451	465	effector cells	T025	C0312740
28434980	467	478	Target cell	T025	C0221284
28434980	479	484	lysis	T046	C0024348
28434980	510	524	quantification	T081	C1709793
28434980	537	547	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28434980	548	555	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28434980	563	584	lactate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0022917
28434980	613	622	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28434980	623	629	labels	T130	C1522485
28434980	637	643	(51)Cr	T121,T130,T196	C0303212
28434980	645	653	europium	T196	C0015180
28434980	657	664	calcein	T109,T130	C0060549
28434980	666	677	ADCC assays	T059	C0201624
28434980	704	713	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28434980	714	720	labels	T130	C1522485
28434980	735	740	lysed	T046	C0024348
28434980	741	753	target cells	T025	C0221284
28434980	808	824	incubation times	T033	C1320226
28434980	835	847	target cells	T025	C0221284
28434980	860	867	labeled	T080	C1708632
28434980	889	894	assay	T059	C1510438
28434980	938	943	assay	T059	C1510438
28434980	944	954	variations	T080	C0205419
28434980	977	988	target cell	T025	C0221284
28434980	1004	1012	labeling	T059	C2347885
28434980	1015	1033	handling processes	T059	C0037793
28434980	1074	1078	thaw	T059	C1710378
28434980	1088	1099	pre-labeled	T080	C1708632
28434980	1100	1112	target cells	T025	C0221284
28434980	1117	1128	ADCC assays	T059	C0201624
28434980	1130	1134	Thaw	T059	C1710378
28434980	1144	1156	target cells	T025	C0221284
28434980	1181	1192	pre-labeled	T080	C1708632
28434980	1202	1228	fluorescent dye calcein AM	T130	C0016320
28434980	1230	1243	cryopreserved	T059	C0010405
28434980	1288	1294	assays	T059	C1510438
28434980	1301	1308	thawing	T059	C2025613
28434980	1315	1319	thaw	T059	C1710378
28434980	1325	1336	pre-labeled	T080	C1708632
28434980	1337	1342	cells	T025	C0007634
28434980	1353	1362	viability	T043	C0007620
28434980	1367	1372	label	T130	C1522485
28434980	1373	1382	retention	T169	C0333118
28434980	1405	1412	labeled	T080	C1708632
28434980	1413	1418	cells	T025	C0007634
28434980	1433	1437	ADCC	T043	C0003272
28434980	1455	1489	peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
28434980	1494	1525	engineered natural killer cells	T025	C0022688
28434980	1614	1625	ADCC assays	T059	C0201624
28434980	1645	1649	thaw	T059	C1710378
28434980	1659	1670	pre-labeled	T080	C1708632
28434980	1671	1683	target cells	T025	C0221284
28434980	1687	1698	ADCC assays	T059	C0201624
28434980	1726	1738	cell culture	T059	C0007585
28434980	1743	1755	dye labeling	T059	C0886517
28434980	1805	1810	assay	T059	C1510438
28434980	1834	1851	assay consistency	T080	C0332529
28434980	1856	1866	robustness	T080	C2986815

28435038|t|A convergent synthesis of novel alkyne-azide cycloaddition congeners of betulinic acid as potent cytotoxic agent
28435038|a|In an endeavour to develop potent anti-tumor agents from betulinic acid (BA), a series of C-28 derived 1,2,3-triazolyl derivatives were designed and synthesized by employing Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. All the derivatives were evaluated for cytotoxic activity by MTT assay against five different human cancer cell lines: lung (A549), colon (HCT116), prostate (PC3), pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2) and breast (T47D). The data revealed that compounds 11c, 11d, 11g, 11h and 13a possess most promising cytotoxic potential. The compound 11h was one of the most active compounds, with IC50 values in the range of 4-6µM against all the five cancer cell lines. The results of this study suggested that derivatives with free -OH (11c, 11d and 11g) and free -COOH (11h and 13a) substitutions in the triazole moiety introduced at the C-28 position significantly improved the anti-tumor activity and may be the favourable position to synthesize potent anticancer leads from BA. Introduction of a non polar alkyl groups at C-28 position (10, 12 and 14) resulted in the significant loss of the activity. Further, DAPI staining, ROS generation and wound healing experiments revealed that compound 11h induces apoptosis in HCT-116 cells.
28435038	2	22	convergent synthesis	T070	C0007987
28435038	32	58	alkyne-azide cycloaddition	T067	C0598128
28435038	59	68	congeners	T104	C0678518
28435038	72	86	betulinic acid	T109,T121	C0053530
28435038	97	112	cytotoxic agent	T121	C0304497
28435038	147	164	anti-tumor agents	T109,T121	C0003392
28435038	170	184	betulinic acid	T109,T121	C0053530
28435038	186	188	BA	T109,T121	C0053530
28435038	216	243	1,2,3-triazolyl derivatives	T109	C0040880
28435038	287	292	Cu(I)	T121,T123,T196	C0009968
28435038	303	345	Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction	T067	C0598128
28435038	386	404	cytotoxic activity	T033	C0243095
28435038	408	417	MTT assay	T062	C2986858
28435038	441	446	human	T016	C0086418
28435038	447	464	cancer cell lines	T025	C0085983
28435038	466	477	lung (A549)	T025	C4277577
28435038	479	493	colon (HCT116)	T025	C1258005
28435038	495	508	prostate (PC3	T025	C0085983
28435038	511	534	pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2)	T025	C0085983
28435038	539	552	breast (T47D)	T025	C1512505
28435038	558	562	data	T078	C1511726
28435038	577	590	compounds 11c	T121	C1254351
28435038	592	595	11d	T121	C1254351
28435038	597	600	11g	T121	C1254351
28435038	602	605	11h	T121	C1254351
28435038	610	613	13a	T121	C1254351
28435038	637	646	cytotoxic	T049	C0596402
28435038	647	656	potential	T080	C3245505
28435038	662	674	compound 11h	T121	C1254351
28435038	695	711	active compounds	T121	C1254351
28435038	718	722	IC50	T081	C0600495
28435038	723	729	values	T080	C0042295
28435038	773	790	cancer cell lines	T025	C0085983
28435038	812	817	study	T062	C2603343
28435038	850	858	free -OH	T104	C1254350
28435038	860	863	11c	T121	C1254351
28435038	865	868	11d	T121	C1254351
28435038	873	876	11g	T121	C1254351
28435038	882	892	free -COOH	T104	C1254350
28435038	894	897	11h	T121	C1254351
28435038	902	905	13a	T121	C1254351
28435038	928	943	triazole moiety	T109	C0040880
28435038	962	975	C-28 position	T082	C0450429
28435038	1003	1022	anti-tumor activity	T033	C0243095
28435038	1038	1057	favourable position	T082	C0450429
28435038	1079	1095	anticancer leads	T121	C1254351
28435038	1101	1103	BA	T109,T121	C0053530
28435038	1123	1145	non polar alkyl groups	T104	C1254350
28435038	1149	1162	C-28 position	T082	C0450429
28435038	1164	1166	10	T121	C1254351
28435038	1168	1170	12	T121	C1254351
28435038	1175	1177	14	T121	C1254351
28435038	1207	1227	loss of the activity	T033	C0243095
28435038	1238	1242	DAPI	T109,T121	C0057142
28435038	1243	1251	staining	T059	C0487602
28435038	1253	1267	ROS generation	T038	C3894443
28435038	1272	1285	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28435038	1286	1297	experiments	T062	C0681814
28435038	1312	1324	compound 11h	T121	C1254351
28435038	1333	1342	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28435038	1346	1359	HCT-116 cells	T025	C1258005

28435209|t|Increase in average foveal thickness after internal limiting membrane peeling
28435209|a|To report the findings in three cases in which the average foveal thickness was increased after a thin epiretinal membrane (ERM) was removed by vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. The foveal contour was normal preoperatively in all eyes. All cases underwent successful phacovitrectomy with ILM peeling for a thin ERM. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were examined before and after the surgery. The changes in the average foveal (1 mm) thickness and the foveal areas within 500 μm from the foveal center were measured. The postoperative changes in the inner and outer retinal areas determined from the cross-sectional OCT images were analyzed. The average foveal thickness and the inner and outer foveal areas increased significantly after the surgery in each of the three cases. The percentage increase in the average foveal thickness relative to the baseline thickness was 26% in Case 1, 29% in Case 2, and 31% in Case 3. The percentage increase in the foveal inner retinal area was 71% in Case 1, 113% in Case 2, and 110% in Case 3, and the percentage increase in foveal outer retinal area was 8% in Case 1, 13% in Case 2, and 18% in Case 3. The increase in the average foveal thickness and the inner and outer foveal areas suggests that a centripetal movement of the inner and outer retinal layers toward the foveal center probably occurred due to the ILM peeling.
28435209	0	8	Increase	T169	C0442805
28435209	12	19	average	T081	C1510992
28435209	20	36	foveal thickness	T081	C4067878
28435209	43	77	internal limiting membrane peeling	T061	C3544111
28435209	92	100	findings	T033	C0243095
28435209	110	115	cases	T077	C1706256
28435209	129	136	average	T081	C1510992
28435209	137	153	foveal thickness	T081	C4067878
28435209	158	167	increased	T081	C0205217
28435209	176	180	thin	T080	C0205168
28435209	181	200	epiretinal membrane	T020	C0339543
28435209	202	205	ERM	T020	C0339543
28435209	211	218	removed	T080	C0849355
28435209	222	232	vitrectomy	T061	C0042903
28435209	238	264	internal limiting membrane	T023	C0459664
28435209	266	269	ILM	T023	C0459664
28435209	271	278	peeling	T061	C3544111
28435209	284	290	foveal	T023	C0016622
28435209	291	298	contour	T082	C0876954
28435209	303	309	normal	T080	C0205307
28435209	310	324	preoperatively	T033	C0178808
28435209	332	336	eyes	T023	C0015392
28435209	342	347	cases	T077	C1706256
28435209	358	368	successful	T080	C1272703
28435209	369	384	phacovitrectomy	T061	C0042903
28435209	390	401	ILM peeling	T061	C3544111
28435209	408	412	thin	T080	C0205168
28435209	413	416	ERM	T020	C0339543
28435209	422	450	optical coherence tomography	T060	C2013322
28435209	452	455	OCT	T060	C2013322
28435209	457	463	images	T170	C1704922
28435209	478	484	before	T079	C0332152
28435209	489	494	after	T079	C0687676
28435209	499	506	surgery	T061	C0543467
28435209	512	519	changes	T169	C0392747
28435209	527	534	average	T081	C1510992
28435209	535	558	foveal (1 mm) thickness	T081	C4067878
28435209	567	573	foveal	T023	C0016622
28435209	574	579	areas	T082	C0205146
28435209	603	609	foveal	T023	C0016622
28435209	610	616	center	T082	C0205099
28435209	622	630	measured	T080	C0444706
28435209	636	649	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28435209	650	657	changes	T169	C0392747
28435209	665	670	inner	T082	C0205102
28435209	675	680	outer	T082	C0205101
28435209	681	688	retinal	T023	C0035298
28435209	689	694	areas	T082	C0205146
28435209	715	730	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
28435209	731	734	OCT	T060	C2013322
28435209	735	741	images	T170	C1704922
28435209	747	755	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28435209	761	768	average	T081	C1510992
28435209	769	785	foveal thickness	T081	C4067878
28435209	794	799	inner	T082	C0205102
28435209	804	809	outer	T082	C0205101
28435209	810	816	foveal	T023	C0016622
28435209	817	822	areas	T082	C0205146
28435209	823	832	increased	T081	C0205217
28435209	847	864	after the surgery	T033	C0241311
28435209	886	891	cases	T077	C1706256
28435209	897	907	percentage	T081	C0439165
28435209	908	916	increase	T169	C0442805
28435209	924	931	average	T081	C1510992
28435209	932	948	foveal thickness	T081	C4067878
28435209	965	973	baseline	T081	C1442488
28435209	974	983	thickness	T081	C4067878
28435209	1041	1051	percentage	T081	C0439165
28435209	1052	1060	increase	T169	C0442805
28435209	1068	1074	foveal	T023	C0016622
28435209	1075	1080	inner	T082	C0205102
28435209	1081	1088	retinal	T023	C0035298
28435209	1089	1093	area	T082	C0205146
28435209	1157	1167	percentage	T081	C0439165
28435209	1168	1176	increase	T169	C0442805
28435209	1180	1186	foveal	T023	C0016622
28435209	1187	1192	outer	T082	C0205101
28435209	1193	1200	retinal	T023	C0035298
28435209	1201	1205	area	T082	C0205146
28435209	1262	1270	increase	T169	C0442805
28435209	1278	1285	average	T081	C1510992
28435209	1286	1302	foveal thickness	T081	C4067878
28435209	1311	1316	inner	T082	C0205102
28435209	1321	1326	outer	T082	C0205101
28435209	1327	1333	foveal	T023	C0016622
28435209	1334	1339	areas	T082	C0205146
28435209	1356	1367	centripetal	T080	C1301977
28435209	1368	1376	movement	T040	C0026649
28435209	1384	1389	inner	T082	C0205102
28435209	1394	1399	outer	T082	C0205101
28435209	1400	1407	retinal	T023	C0035298
28435209	1408	1414	layers	T023	C0934502
28435209	1426	1432	foveal	T023	C0016622
28435209	1433	1439	center	T082	C0205099
28435209	1469	1480	ILM peeling	T061	C3544111

28435583|t|Ulnar Osteotomy with 2-Pin Unilateral Gradual Distraction for Treatment of Chronic Monteggia Fracture: A Case Report
28435583|a|Missed Monteggia fracture leading to chronic radial head dislocation is a known complication. The surgical treatment options remain challenging. The aim of treatment is to reduce the radial head and to maintain the stability of the elbow in all ranges of motion. A few surgical techniques have been described with complications. We report the case of a 13 years old boy with chronic radial head dislocation as a result of an unrecognised Monteggia fracture - dislocation for eight years. We successfully reduced the radial head and corrected the cubital valgus from 45 degrees to 10 degrees with a proximal ulna osteotomy and gradual distraction with 2-pin Monotube external fixator. The correction was uneventful with good functional outcome.
28435583	0	15	Ulnar Osteotomy	T061	C0186393
28435583	21	57	2-Pin Unilateral Gradual Distraction	T061	C1369038
28435583	62	71	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28435583	75	101	Chronic Monteggia Fracture	T037	C0026508
28435583	105	116	Case Report	T170	C0085973
28435583	117	142	Missed Monteggia fracture	T037	C0026508
28435583	154	185	chronic radial head dislocation	T037	C0434609
28435583	197	209	complication	T046	C0009566
28435583	215	241	surgical treatment options	T061	C0543467
28435583	266	269	aim	T078	C1947946
28435583	273	282	treatment	T061	C0087111
28435583	300	311	radial head	T023	C0223696
28435583	332	341	stability	T080	C0205360
28435583	349	354	elbow	T029	C0013769
28435583	362	378	ranges of motion	T201	C2607871
28435583	386	405	surgical techniques	T060	C0011918
28435583	431	444	complications	T046	C0009566
28435583	449	464	report the case	T170	C0085973
28435583	483	486	boy	T100	C0870221
28435583	492	523	chronic radial head dislocation	T037	C0434609
28435583	555	573	Monteggia fracture	T037	C0026508
28435583	576	587	dislocation	T037	C0332761
28435583	598	603	years	T079	C0439234
28435583	608	628	successfully reduced	T080	C0392756
28435583	633	644	radial head	T023	C0223696
28435583	649	658	corrected	T080	C0205202
28435583	663	677	cubital valgus	T020	C0158465
28435583	715	738	proximal ulna osteotomy	T061	C0186393
28435583	743	762	gradual distraction	T061	C1369038
28435583	768	799	2-pin Monotube external fixator	T074	C0079321
28435583	805	815	correction	T169	C1947976
28435583	841	859	functional outcome	T169	C1274040

28436186|t|Protective factors against cognitive decline among community-dwelling middle-aged and older people in Taiwan: A 6-year national population -based study
28436186|a|Dementia and cognitive impairment are important public health challenges to a rapidly aging country. The present study aimed to explore the protective factors against cognitive decline among community-dwelling middle-aged and older people from health, social, and lifestyle perspectives. Data of the Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study, a population -based cohort study in Taiwan, were retrieved for the study. Overall, 676 participants with intact baseline cognitive function (measured by the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire) were enrolled and followed for six years. Any increasing score of the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire in the observational period was referred to as cognitive function decline. Associated factors for cognitive decline were identified by the logistic regression model. Among all participants, 205 (30%) experienced cognitive decline during the study period. Crude logistic regression showed that women (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-2.6), low educational level (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4-3.0) and low mastery (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9) were associated with cognitive decline, but no daily consumption of vegetables and fruits had only a marginal association (OR 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-1.8). In the fully adjusted logistic regression analysis, old age, women, low educational level and low sense of mastery were independent predictors for cognitive decline. Participants with two modifiable factors (mastery, and daily consumptions of vegetables and fruits) had a lower risk of cognitive decline (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9), compared with those without any protective factor. Participants with a better educational level, better personal mastery, and more consumption of fruits and vegetables were less likely to experience cognitive decline. An intervention study combining these features should be carried out to promote better cognitive health in communities. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017: 17 (Suppl. 1): 20-27.
28436186	0	18	Protective factors	T055	C0679688
28436186	27	44	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656
28436186	51	69	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
28436186	70	81	middle-aged	T100	C0205847
28436186	86	98	older people	T098	C3826770
28436186	102	108	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
28436186	102	108	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
28436186	119	127	national	T185	C0079946
28436186	128	138	population	T098	C1257890
28436186	146	151	study	T062	C0008972
28436186	152	160	Dementia	T048	C0497327
28436186	165	185	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28436186	190	199	important	T080	C3898777
28436186	200	206	public	T092	C0678367
28436186	207	213	health	T078	C0018684
28436186	214	224	challenges	T058	C0805586
28436186	230	237	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28436186	244	251	country	T083	C0454664
28436186	265	270	study	T062	C0008972
28436186	292	310	protective factors	T055	C0679688
28436186	319	336	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656
28436186	343	361	community-dwelling	T056	C4045975
28436186	362	373	middle-aged	T100	C0205847
28436186	378	390	older people	T098	C3826770
28436186	396	402	health	T078	C0018684
28436186	404	410	social	T169	C0728831
28436186	416	425	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28436186	440	444	Data	T078	C1511726
28436186	452	500	Social Environment and Biomarkers of Aging Study	T062	C0681876
28436186	504	514	population	T098	C1257890
28436186	522	534	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28436186	538	544	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
28436186	569	574	study	T062	C0008972
28436186	589	601	participants	T098	C0679646
28436186	607	613	intact	T080	C0205266
28436186	614	622	baseline	T081	C1442488
28436186	623	641	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
28436186	643	651	measured	T080	C0444706
28436186	659	701	Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire	T170	C0451081
28436186	721	729	followed	T079	C0332283
28436186	749	759	increasing	T169	C0442808
28436186	760	765	score	T081	C0449820
28436186	773	815	Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire	T170	C0451081
28436186	823	836	observational	T060	C1964257
28436186	837	843	period	T079	C1948053
28436186	863	889	cognitive function decline	T046	C0234985
28436186	891	901	Associated	T080	C0332281
28436186	902	909	factors	T169	C1521761
28436186	914	931	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656
28436186	937	947	identified	T080	C0205396
28436186	955	980	logistic regression model	T062	C0206031
28436186	992	1004	participants	T098	C0679646
28436186	1028	1045	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656
28436186	1057	1062	study	T062	C0008972
28436186	1063	1069	period	T079	C1948053
28436186	1077	1096	logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28436186	1116	1126	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28436186	1128	1130	OR	T081	C0028873
28436186	1141	1160	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28436186	1162	1164	CI	T081	C0009667
28436186	1176	1197	low educational level	T033	C4063053
28436186	1199	1201	OR	T081	C0028873
28436186	1211	1213	CI	T081	C0009667
28436186	1227	1238	low mastery	T033	C0243095
28436186	1240	1242	OR	T081	C0028873
28436186	1252	1254	CI	T081	C0009667
28436186	1269	1284	associated with	T080	C0332281
28436186	1285	1302	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656
28436186	1308	1310	no	T033	C1513916
28436186	1311	1316	daily	T079	C0332173
28436186	1317	1328	consumption	T052	C2983605
28436186	1332	1342	vegetables	T168	C0042440
28436186	1347	1353	fruits	T168	C0016767
28436186	1365	1373	marginal	T080	C1947914
28436186	1374	1385	association	T080	C0439849
28436186	1387	1389	OR	T081	C0028873
28436186	1399	1401	CI	T081	C0009667
28436186	1434	1462	logistic regression analysis	UnknownType	C0681925
28436186	1480	1501	low educational level	T033	C4063053
28436186	1506	1526	low sense of mastery	T033	C0243095
28436186	1544	1554	predictors	T078	C2698872
28436186	1559	1576	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656
28436186	1578	1590	Participants	T098	C0679646
28436186	1600	1610	modifiable	T169	C0392747
28436186	1611	1618	factors	T169	C1521761
28436186	1620	1627	mastery	T041	C0870851
28436186	1633	1638	daily	T079	C0332173
28436186	1639	1651	consumptions	T052	C2983605
28436186	1655	1665	vegetables	T168	C0042440
28436186	1670	1676	fruits	T168	C0016767
28436186	1698	1715	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656
28436186	1717	1719	OR	T081	C0028873
28436186	1729	1731	CI	T081	C0009667
28436186	1742	1750	compared	T052	C1707455
28436186	1774	1791	protective factor	T055	C0679688
28436186	1793	1805	Participants	T098	C0679646
28436186	1813	1819	better	T080	C0332272
28436186	1820	1837	educational level	T033	C0013658
28436186	1839	1845	better	T080	C0332272
28436186	1846	1854	personal	T032	C1519021
28436186	1855	1862	mastery	T041	C0870851
28436186	1873	1884	consumption	T052	C2983605
28436186	1888	1894	fruits	T168	C0016767
28436186	1899	1909	vegetables	T168	C0042440
28436186	1941	1958	cognitive decline	T048	C0338656
28436186	1963	1981	intervention study	T170	C1096775
28436186	1982	1991	combining	T080	C0205195
28436186	1998	2006	features	T080	C2348519
28436186	2032	2039	promote	T052	C0033414
28436186	2047	2056	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28436186	2057	2063	health	T078	C0018684
28436186	2067	2078	communities	T096	C0009462

28436264|t|Interventions to Improve Grandparent Caregivers' Mental and Physical Health: An Integrative Review
28436264|a|The aim of this integrative review is to appraise grandparent caregiver interventions that are designed to improve their physical and mental health. A database search was performed to identify relevant studies published between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 2014. Thirteen publications, including 11 studies, met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. All studies included grandparent mental health outcomes with fewer focusing on physical health and social relations. Improvements were found in all three areas with fewer improvements seen in physical health. However, small effect sizes were seen with most measures of these outcomes. Although the interventions led to positive grandparent caregiver outcomes, the studies were limited by their design, only one of which was a randomized controlled trial. Also, interventions did not consider variations in the grandchild's or parent's ages or if the grandparent provided primary or shared care. These gaps should be addressed in future research.
28436264	0	13	Interventions	T058	C1273869
28436264	17	24	Improve	T033	C0184511
28436264	25	36	Grandparent	T099	C0337471
28436264	37	48	Caregivers'	T099	C0086279
28436264	49	55	Mental	T041	C0025353
28436264	60	75	Physical Health	T033	C0517226
28436264	80	98	Integrative Review	T170	C0282443
28436264	103	106	aim	T078	C1947946
28436264	115	133	integrative review	T170	C0282443
28436264	149	160	grandparent	T099	C0337471
28436264	161	170	caregiver	T099	C0086279
28436264	171	184	interventions	T058	C1273869
28436264	206	213	improve	T033	C0184511
28436264	220	228	physical	T033	C0517226
28436264	233	246	mental health	T041	C0025353
28436264	250	258	database	T170	C0242356
28436264	259	265	search	T052	C1706202
28436264	292	300	relevant	T080	C2347946
28436264	301	308	studies	T062	C2603343
28436264	309	318	published	T057	C0034037
28436264	376	388	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
28436264	403	410	studies	T062	C2603343
28436264	420	429	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28436264	434	452	exclusion criteria	T169	C0680251
28436264	458	465	studies	T062	C2603343
28436264	475	486	grandparent	T099	C0337471
28436264	487	500	mental health	T041	C0025353
28436264	501	509	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28436264	533	548	physical health	T033	C0517226
28436264	553	569	social relations	T098	C0337609
28436264	571	583	Improvements	T077	C2986411
28436264	608	613	areas	T082	C0205146
28436264	625	637	improvements	T077	C2986411
28436264	646	661	physical health	T033	C0517226
28436264	672	690	small effect sizes	T081	C0814843
28436264	711	719	measures	T169	C1879489
28436264	729	737	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28436264	752	765	interventions	T058	C1273869
28436264	782	793	grandparent	T099	C0337471
28436264	794	803	caregiver	T099	C0086279
28436264	818	825	studies	T062	C2603343
28436264	831	838	limited	T169	C0439801
28436264	848	854	design	T052	C1707689
28436264	880	907	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28436264	915	928	interventions	T058	C1273869
28436264	946	956	variations	T080	C0205419
28436264	964	976	grandchild's	T099	C0337548
28436264	980	988	parent's	T099	C0030551
28436264	989	993	ages	T032	C0001779
28436264	1004	1015	grandparent	T099	C0337471
28436264	1025	1032	primary	T080	C0205225
28436264	1036	1042	shared	T054	C0237876
28436264	1043	1047	care	T052	C1947933
28436264	1083	1089	future	T079	C0016884
28436264	1090	1098	research	T062	C0035168

28436286|t|Coordinated Asthma Program Improves Asthma Outcomes in High-Risk Children
28436286|a|Innovative approaches within primary care are needed to reduce fragmented care, increase continuity of care, and improve asthma outcomes in children with asthma. Our objective was to assess the impact of coordinated team -based asthma care on unplanned asthma -related health care utilization. A multidisciplinary asthma team was developed to provide coordinated care to high-risk asthma patients. Patients received an in-depth diagnostic and family needs assessment, asthma education, and coordinated referral to social and community services. Over a 2- year period, 141 patients were followed. At both 1 and 2 years postintervention, there was a significant decrease from preintervention rates in urgent care visits (40%, P = .002; 50%, P < .0001), emergency department visits (63%, P < .0001; 70%, P < .0001), and inpatient hospitalization (69%, P = .002; 54%, P = .04). Our coordinated asthma care program was associated with a reduction in urgent care visits, emergency department visits, and inpatient hospitalizations among high-risk children with asthma.
28436286	0	11	Coordinated	T169	C0700114
28436286	12	18	Asthma	T047	C0004096
28436286	19	26	Program	T058	C0043113
28436286	27	35	Improves	T033	C0184511
28436286	36	42	Asthma	T047	C0004096
28436286	43	51	Outcomes	T033	C0679250
28436286	55	73	High-Risk Children	T033	C0419437
28436286	74	95	Innovative approaches	T057	C0039152
28436286	103	115	primary care	T058	C0033137
28436286	148	152	care	T058	C0086388
28436286	154	162	increase	T169	C0442805
28436286	163	181	continuity of care	T058	C0009853
28436286	195	201	asthma	T047	C0004096
28436286	202	210	outcomes	T033	C0679250
28436286	214	222	children	T100	C0008059
28436286	228	234	asthma	T047	C0004096
28436286	240	249	objective	T170	C0018017
28436286	268	274	impact	T080	C4049986
28436286	278	289	coordinated	T169	C0700114
28436286	290	294	team	T058	C0086390
28436286	302	313	asthma care	T058	C1318955
28436286	327	333	asthma	T047	C0004096
28436286	343	366	health care utilization	T058	C0030672
28436286	370	387	multidisciplinary	T058	C1659155
28436286	388	394	asthma	T047	C0004096
28436286	395	399	team	T058	C0086390
28436286	425	436	coordinated	T169	C0700114
28436286	445	454	high-risk	T098	C0684030
28436286	455	461	asthma	T047	C0004096
28436286	462	470	patients	T101	C0030705
28436286	472	480	Patients	T101	C0030705
28436286	493	512	in-depth diagnostic	T060	C0431080
28436286	517	540	family needs assessment	T058	C4041190
28436286	542	558	asthma education	T058	C1679754
28436286	564	575	coordinated	T169	C0700114
28436286	576	587	referral to	T058	C2585021
28436286	588	594	social	T058	C1519393
28436286	599	617	community services	T058	C0009472
28436286	629	633	year	T079	C0439234
28436286	634	640	period	T079	C1948053
28436286	646	654	patients	T101	C0030705
28436286	686	691	years	T079	C0439234
28436286	692	708	postintervention	T170	C2347647
28436286	734	742	decrease	T081	C0547047
28436286	748	763	preintervention	T058	C0886296
28436286	764	769	rates	T081	C1521828
28436286	773	791	urgent care visits	T058	C0553618
28436286	825	852	emergency department visits	T058	C0586082
28436286	891	900	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28436286	901	916	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28436286	952	963	coordinated	T169	C0700114
28436286	964	975	asthma care	T058	C1318955
28436286	976	983	program	T058	C0043113
28436286	988	1003	associated with	T080	C0332281
28436286	1006	1015	reduction	T080	C0392756
28436286	1019	1037	urgent care visits	T058	C0553618
28436286	1039	1066	emergency department visits	T058	C0586082
28436286	1072	1081	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28436286	1082	1098	hospitalizations	T058	C0019993
28436286	1105	1123	high-risk children	T033	C0419437
28436286	1129	1135	asthma	T047	C0004096

28436433|t|Pathways and Genes Associated with Immune Dysfunction in Sheep Paratuberculosis
28436433|a|Multibacillary and paucibacillary paratuberculosis are both caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Multibacillary lesions are composed largely of infected epithelioid macrophages and paucibacillary lesions contain T cells but few bacteria. Multibacillary disease is similar to human lepromatous leprosy, with variable/high levels of antibody and a dysfunctional immune response. Animals with paucibacillary disease have high cell-mediated immunity and variable levels of antibody. This study aims to characterize the immunological dysfunction using TruSeq analysis of the ileocaecal lymph node that drains disease lesions. Immune dysfunction is highlighted by repression of TCR / CD3 genes, T cell co-receptors / co-stimulators, T cell activation and signal-transduction genes. Inflammation was an acute phase response and chronic inflammation, with little evidence of acute inflammation. The high levels of immunoglobulin and plasma cell transcripts is consistent with the anti-MAP antibody responses in paratuberculosis sheep. Also notable was the overwhelming reduction in mast cell transcripts, potentially affecting DC activation of the immune response. This study also shows that there were no fundamental differences in the gene expression patterns in multibacillary and paucibacillary disease, no shift in T cell genes from Th1 to Th2 pattern but rather an incremental decline into immune dysfunction leading to multibacillary pathology.
28436433	0	8	Pathways	T044	C1704259
28436433	13	18	Genes	T028	C0017337
28436433	19	34	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28436433	35	41	Immune	T022	C0020962
28436433	42	53	Dysfunction	T046	C0277785
28436433	57	62	Sheep	T015	C0036945
28436433	63	79	Paratuberculosis	T047	C0030524
28436433	80	94	Multibacillary	T033	C0243095
28436433	99	113	paucibacillary	T033	C0243095
28436433	114	130	paratuberculosis	T047	C0030524
28436433	150	197	Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis	T007	C0085442
28436433	199	213	Multibacillary	T033	C0243095
28436433	214	221	lesions	T033	C0221198
28436433	246	254	infected	T033	C0439663
28436433	255	278	epithelioid macrophages	T025	C0014603
28436433	283	297	paucibacillary	T033	C0243095
28436433	298	305	lesions	T033	C0221198
28436433	314	321	T cells	T025	C0039194
28436433	330	338	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28436433	340	354	Multibacillary	T033	C0243095
28436433	355	362	disease	T047	C0012634
28436433	383	402	lepromatous leprosy	T047	C0023348
28436433	433	441	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28436433	448	461	dysfunctional	T169	C0031847
28436433	462	477	immune response	T042	C0301872
28436433	479	486	Animals	T008	C0003062
28436433	492	506	paucibacillary	T033	C0243095
28436433	507	514	disease	T047	C0012634
28436433	525	547	cell-mediated immunity	T040	C0020966
28436433	552	567	variable levels	T080	C0441889
28436433	571	579	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28436433	617	642	immunological dysfunction	T047	C1532237
28436433	649	655	TruSeq	T170	C0282574
28436433	656	664	analysis	T062	C0936012
28436433	672	682	ileocaecal	T082	C0700426
28436433	683	693	lymph node	T023	C0024204
28436433	706	713	disease	T047	C0012634
28436433	714	721	lesions	T033	C0221198
28436433	723	729	Immune	T022	C0020962
28436433	730	741	dysfunction	T046	C0277785
28436433	760	770	repression	T045	C0920533
28436433	774	777	TCR	T028	C0524889
28436433	780	789	CD3 genes	T028	C0017337
28436433	791	810	T cell co-receptors	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
28436433	813	827	co-stimulators	T116,T121,T129	C3203085
28436433	829	846	T cell activation	T043	C1155065
28436433	851	870	signal-transduction	T043	C0037083
28436433	871	876	genes	T028	C0017337
28436433	878	890	Inflammation	T046	C0021368
28436433	898	918	acute phase response	T046	C0001349
28436433	923	943	chronic inflammation	T046	C0021376
28436433	969	987	acute inflammation	T033	C0333361
28436433	1008	1022	immunoglobulin	T116,T129	C0021027
28436433	1027	1038	plasma cell	T025	C0032112
28436433	1039	1050	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28436433	1074	1101	anti-MAP antibody responses	T038	C0003261
28436433	1105	1121	paratuberculosis	T047	C0030524
28436433	1122	1127	sheep	T015	C0036945
28436433	1163	1172	reduction	T080	C0392756
28436433	1176	1185	mast cell	T025	C0024880
28436433	1186	1197	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28436433	1211	1220	affecting	T169	C0392760
28436433	1221	1257	DC activation of the immune response	T043	C1817431
28436433	1331	1346	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28436433	1359	1373	multibacillary	T033	C0243095
28436433	1378	1392	paucibacillary	T033	C0243095
28436433	1393	1400	disease	T047	C0012634
28436433	1414	1420	T cell	T025	C0039194
28436433	1421	1426	genes	T028	C0017337
28436433	1432	1435	Th1	T025	C0242632
28436433	1439	1442	Th2	T025	C0242633
28436433	1465	1476	incremental	T081	C1705117
28436433	1490	1496	immune	T022	C0020962
28436433	1497	1508	dysfunction	T046	C0277785
28436433	1520	1534	multibacillary	T033	C0243095
28436433	1535	1544	pathology	T047	C0012634

28436493|t|An attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical strain with a defect in ESX-1 secretion induces minimal host immune responses and pathology
28436493|a|Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) DK9897 is an attenuated strain, it was isolated from a patient with extrapulmonary tuberculosis and vaccination with a subunit vaccine (H56) induced poor protection against it. Both attenuation and lack of protection are because M.tb DK9897 cannot secrete the EsxA virulence factor nor induce a host response against it. Genome sequencing identified a frameshift mutation in the eccCa1 gene. Since the encoded EccCa1 protein provides energy for ESX-1 secretion, it suggested a defect in the ESX-1 type VII secretion system. Genetic complementation with a plasmid carrying the M.tb H37Rv sequence of eccCa1-eccCb1-pe35 re-established EsxA secretion, host specific EsxA T-cell responses, and increased strain virulence. The ESX-1 secretion defect prevents several virulence factors from being functional during infection and therefore attenuates M.tb. It precludes specific T-cell responses against strong antigens and we found very little in vivo cytokine production, gross pathology or granuloma formation in lungs from M.tb DK9897 infected animals. This coincides with M.tb DK9897 being unable to disrupt the phagosome membrane and make contact to the cytosol.
28436493	3	13	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28436493	14	40	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28436493	41	49	clinical	T080	C0205210
28436493	50	56	strain	T001	C1518614
28436493	64	70	defect	T169	C1457869
28436493	74	79	ESX-1	T116,T129	C1744314
28436493	80	89	secretion	T038	C0036536
28436493	98	105	minimal	T080	C0547040
28436493	106	110	host	T001	C1167395
28436493	111	127	immune responses	T042	C0301872
28436493	132	141	pathology	T091	C0030664
28436493	151	191	Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) DK9897	T007	C0026926
28436493	198	208	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28436493	209	215	strain	T001	C1518614
28436493	224	232	isolated	T169	C0205409
28436493	240	247	patient	T101	C0030705
28436493	253	280	extrapulmonary tuberculosis	T047	C0679362
28436493	285	296	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28436493	304	319	subunit vaccine	T121,T129	C0887892
28436493	321	324	H56	T121,T129	C0887892
28436493	326	333	induced	T169	C0205263
28436493	334	338	poor	T080	C0542537
28436493	339	349	protection	T033	C1545588
28436493	367	378	attenuation	T052	C0599946
28436493	383	387	lack	T080	C0332268
28436493	391	401	protection	T033	C1545588
28436493	414	425	M.tb DK9897	T007	C0026926
28436493	433	440	secrete	T038	C0036536
28436493	445	449	EsxA	T116,T129	C1744314
28436493	450	466	virulence factor	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
28436493	480	493	host response	T042	C0301872
28436493	506	523	Genome sequencing	T063	C1328887
28436493	537	556	frameshift mutation	T049	C0079380
28436493	564	575	eccCa1 gene	T028	C0017337
28436493	587	594	encoded	T052	C2700640
28436493	595	609	EccCa1 protein	T116	C1254349
28436493	619	625	energy	T081	C1442080
28436493	630	635	ESX-1	T116,T129	C1744314
28436493	636	645	secretion	T038	C0036536
28436493	662	668	defect	T169	C1457869
28436493	676	681	ESX-1	T116,T129	C1744314
28436493	682	707	type VII secretion system	T043	C3159197
28436493	709	732	Genetic complementation	T045	C0178654
28436493	740	747	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28436493	761	771	M.tb H37Rv	T007	C0026926
28436493	784	802	eccCa1-eccCb1-pe35	T114	C0012931
28436493	818	822	EsxA	T116,T129	C1744314
28436493	823	832	secretion	T038	C0036536
28436493	834	838	host	T001	C1167395
28436493	848	852	EsxA	T116,T129	C1744314
28436493	853	859	T-cell	T025	C0039194
28436493	860	869	responses	T042	C0301872
28436493	875	884	increased	T081	C0205217
28436493	885	891	strain	T001	C1518614
28436493	892	901	virulence	T038	C0042765
28436493	907	912	ESX-1	T116,T129	C1744314
28436493	913	922	secretion	T038	C0036536
28436493	923	929	defect	T169	C1457869
28436493	930	938	prevents	T169	C1292733
28436493	947	964	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
28436493	994	1003	infection	T046	C3714514
28436493	1018	1028	attenuates	T052	C0599946
28436493	1029	1033	M.tb	T007	C0026926
28436493	1057	1063	T-cell	T025	C0039194
28436493	1064	1073	responses	T042	C0301872
28436493	1089	1097	antigens	T129	C0003320
28436493	1123	1130	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28436493	1131	1150	cytokine production	T040	C1327413
28436493	1152	1167	gross pathology	T034	C0428094
28436493	1171	1190	granuloma formation	T038	C1817882
28436493	1194	1199	lungs	T023	C0024109
28436493	1205	1216	M.tb DK9897	T007	C0026926
28436493	1217	1233	infected animals	T033	C0237158
28436493	1255	1266	M.tb DK9897	T007	C0026926
28436493	1295	1313	phagosome membrane	T026	C1166752
28436493	1338	1345	cytosol	T026	C1383501

28436593|t|Results for patients with sarcoma not otherwise specified and other diagnoses than Ewing sarcoma treated according to the Euro-EWING 99 trial
28436593|a|Euro-EWING 99 trial of the European Ewing tumor Working Initiative of National Groups (EE99) was an international phase III study in patients with Ewing sarcoma. The German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH) data center registered and followed patients with other diagnoses than Ewing sarcoma who were treated according to the EE99 protocol in an additional non-Ewing database. Data of 27 patients with other diagnoses than Ewing sarcoma treated according to the EE99 protocol were analyzed. Patients had miscellaneous histologic diagnoses, the majority were diagnosed with sarcoma not otherwise specified (NOS) arising in bone and soft tissue (63%). The median age at diagnosis was 16.9 years (range 4.5-41.4). Localized disease was diagnosed in 61.5% of the patients and 38.5% had distant metastases at time of primary diagnosis. The median follow-up time was 3.7 years (range 0.5-9.5). Patients with localized disease showed a 3-year event-free survival (EFS) of 68%, compared to 3-year EFS of 20% in patients with metastases (P = 0.042). Three-year EFS for patients with sarcoma NOS was 52%, patients with localized and metastatic disease showed 3-year EFS of 66 and 20%, respectively. EFS in patients with other diagnoses than Ewing sarcoma treated according to EE99 was significantly higher in patients with localized than metastatic disease. Sarcomas of soft tissue and bone that cannot be classified to current diagnostic categories constitute a therapeutic challenge.
28436593	0	7	Results	T033	C0683954
28436593	12	20	patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	26	33	sarcoma	T191	C1261473
28436593	34	57	not otherwise specified	T080	C1518425
28436593	68	77	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28436593	83	96	Ewing sarcoma	T191	C0553580
28436593	97	104	treated	T033	C0332154
28436593	122	141	Euro-EWING 99 trial	T062	C0008976
28436593	142	161	Euro-EWING 99 trial	T062	C0008976
28436593	169	177	European	T098	C1535514
28436593	178	189	Ewing tumor	T191	C0553580
28436593	190	197	Working	T057	C0043227
28436593	198	208	Initiative	T033	C1287154
28436593	212	220	National	T092	C0015737
28436593	221	227	Groups	T078	C0441833
28436593	229	233	EE99	T170	C1507394
28436593	242	255	international	T078	C1512888
28436593	256	271	phase III study	T062	C0282461
28436593	275	283	patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	289	302	Ewing sarcoma	T191	C0553580
28436593	308	378	German Society of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology (GPOH) data center	T093	C1708333
28436593	379	389	registered	T058	C1514821
28436593	403	411	patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	423	432	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28436593	438	451	Ewing sarcoma	T191	C0553580
28436593	461	468	treated	T033	C0332154
28436593	486	499	EE99 protocol	T170	C1507394
28436593	517	535	non-Ewing database	T170	C0242356
28436593	537	541	Data	T078	C1511726
28436593	548	556	patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	568	577	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28436593	583	596	Ewing sarcoma	T191	C0553580
28436593	597	604	treated	T033	C0332154
28436593	622	635	EE99 protocol	T170	C1507394
28436593	641	649	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28436593	651	659	Patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	664	677	miscellaneous	T080	C0205395
28436593	678	688	histologic	T169	C0205462
28436593	689	698	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28436593	704	712	majority	T081	C0205393
28436593	718	727	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28436593	733	740	sarcoma	T191	C1261473
28436593	741	764	not otherwise specified	T080	C1518425
28436593	766	769	NOS	T080	C1518425
28436593	782	786	bone	T024	C0391978
28436593	791	802	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28436593	814	820	median	T081	C0876920
28436593	821	824	age	T032	C0001779
28436593	828	837	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28436593	871	888	Localized disease	T047	C0277565
28436593	893	902	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28436593	919	927	patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	942	960	distant metastases	T191	C0027627
28436593	972	979	primary	T080	C0205225
28436593	980	989	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28436593	995	1001	median	T081	C0876920
28436593	1002	1011	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28436593	1012	1016	time	T079	C0040223
28436593	1048	1056	Patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	1062	1079	localized disease	T047	C0277565
28436593	1096	1115	event-free survival	T081	C0242793
28436593	1117	1120	EFS	T081	C0242793
28436593	1149	1152	EFS	T081	C0242793
28436593	1163	1171	patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	1177	1187	metastases	T191	C0027627
28436593	1212	1215	EFS	T081	C0242793
28436593	1220	1228	patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	1234	1241	sarcoma	T191	C1261473
28436593	1242	1245	NOS	T080	C1518425
28436593	1255	1263	patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	1269	1278	localized	T047	C0277565
28436593	1283	1301	metastatic disease	T191	C0027627
28436593	1316	1319	EFS	T081	C0242793
28436593	1349	1352	EFS	T081	C0242793
28436593	1356	1364	patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	1376	1385	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28436593	1391	1404	Ewing sarcoma	T191	C0553580
28436593	1405	1412	treated	T033	C0332154
28436593	1426	1430	EE99	T170	C1507394
28436593	1435	1448	significantly	T078	C0750502
28436593	1459	1467	patients	T101	C0030705
28436593	1473	1482	localized	T047	C0277565
28436593	1488	1506	metastatic disease	T191	C0027627
28436593	1508	1516	Sarcomas	T191	C1261473
28436593	1520	1531	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28436593	1536	1540	bone	T024	C0391978
28436593	1556	1566	classified	T185	C0008902
28436593	1570	1577	current	T079	C0521116
28436593	1578	1599	diagnostic categories	T185	C1550395
28436593	1613	1624	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28436593	1625	1634	challenge	T058	C0805586

28436738|t|Brainstem Injury in Motor Vehicle Crashes
28436738|a|This is a descriptive study of the frequency and risk for brainstem injury by crash type, belt use and crash severity (delta V). NASS-CDS electronic cases were reviewed to see if the transition from vehicles without advanced airbags and seatbelts, side airbags and curtains to vehicles with the safety technologies has influenced the risk for brainstem injury. 1994-2013 NASS-CDS was analyzed to determine the number of brainstem injuries in non-ejected adults (15+ year old) in vehicle crashes. Crashes were grouped by front, side, rear and rollover. The effect of belt use was investigated. Light vehicles were included with model year (MY) 1994+. Occupants with severe head injury (AIS 4+) and MAIS 4+F injury were also determined. The risk for injury with standard errors was determined using the MAIS 0+F exposure by belt use and crash type. NASS-CDS electronic cases were studied with brainstem injury in 2001-2013 MY vehicles. NASS-CDS indicates there are 872 ± 133 cases of brainstem injury per year. About 16.0% of AIS 4+ head injury involves the brainstem. For belted occupants, the highest risk for brainstem injury was in side impacts at 0.065% ± 0.010%. In contrast, the highest risk for brainstem injury was 0.310% ± 0.291% in rear impacts and 0.310% ± 0.170% in rollovers for unbelted occupants. The risk for brainstem injury increased with crash severity. The highest risk for brainstem injury was 3.54% ± 1.45% in crashes with >72 km/h (>45 mph) delta V. Exponential functions fit the change in risk with delta V. Eighteen NASS-CDS electronic cases showed that brainstem injury occurred in very severe collisions where the occupant experienced multiple injuries from intrusion or impact on vehicle structures stiffened by deformation. The risk for brainstem injury in belted occupants has remained essentially constant over 20 years, whereas the risk for MAIS 4+F injury has declined 38.3%. The prevention of brainstem injuries must address the extreme speed of collisions and weight mismatches that overwhelm structures, seatbelts, frontal airbags, side airbags and curtains in modern vehicles.
28436738	0	16	Brainstem Injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	20	41	Motor Vehicle Crashes	T067	C0683911
28436738	64	69	study	T062	C2603343
28436738	77	86	frequency	T081	C0871396
28436738	91	95	risk	T078	C0035647
28436738	100	116	brainstem injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	120	125	crash	T037	C0000932
28436738	132	140	belt use	T033	C0518426
28436738	145	150	crash	T037	C0000932
28436738	151	159	severity	T080	C0439793
28436738	171	179	NASS-CDS	T170	C2697756
28436738	180	196	electronic cases	T078	C0013850
28436738	202	210	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28436738	225	235	transition	T052	C2700061
28436738	241	249	vehicles	T073	C0175845
28436738	267	274	airbags	T073	C0162697
28436738	279	288	seatbelts	T073	C0036498
28436738	290	302	side airbags	T073	C0162697
28436738	307	315	curtains	T073	C0180239
28436738	319	327	vehicles	T073	C0175845
28436738	337	356	safety technologies	UnknownType	C0681518
28436738	376	380	risk	T078	C0035647
28436738	385	401	brainstem injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	413	421	NASS-CDS	T170	C2697756
28436738	426	434	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28436738	438	447	determine	T080	C0521095
28436738	452	458	number	T081	C0237753
28436738	462	480	brainstem injuries	T037	C0270611
28436738	496	502	adults	T100	C0001675
28436738	521	536	vehicle crashes	T067	C0683911
28436738	538	545	Crashes	T037	C0000932
28436738	551	558	grouped	T082	C0439745
28436738	562	567	front	T082	C0205094
28436738	569	573	side	T082	C0441987
28436738	575	579	rear	T082	C3687023
28436738	584	592	rollover	T033	C2136155
28436738	598	604	effect	T080	C1280500
28436738	608	616	belt use	T033	C0518426
28436738	621	633	investigated	T169	C1292732
28436738	635	649	Light vehicles	T073	C0175845
28436738	669	679	model year	T170	C0805701
28436738	681	683	MY	T170	C0805701
28436738	692	701	Occupants	T098	C0450049
28436738	707	713	severe	T080	C0205082
28436738	714	725	head injury	T037	C0018674
28436738	748	754	injury	T037	C3263723
28436738	765	775	determined	T080	C0521095
28436738	781	785	risk	T078	C0035647
28436738	790	796	injury	T037	C3263723
28436738	802	817	standard errors	T081	C1710181
28436738	822	832	determined	T080	C0521095
28436738	852	860	exposure	T080	C0332157
28436738	864	872	belt use	T033	C0518426
28436738	877	882	crash	T037	C0000932
28436738	889	897	NASS-CDS	T170	C2697756
28436738	898	914	electronic cases	T078	C0013850
28436738	933	949	brainstem injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	963	965	MY	T170	C0805701
28436738	966	974	vehicles	T073	C0175845
28436738	976	984	NASS-CDS	T170	C2697756
28436738	1024	1040	brainstem injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	1041	1049	per year	T079	C0439508
28436738	1073	1084	head injury	T037	C0018674
28436738	1098	1107	brainstem	T023	C0006121
28436738	1113	1119	belted	T033	C1303116
28436738	1120	1129	occupants	T098	C0450049
28436738	1135	1147	highest risk	T033	C3843761
28436738	1152	1168	brainstem injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	1181	1188	impacts	T080	C4049986
28436738	1226	1238	highest risk	T033	C3843761
28436738	1243	1259	brainstem injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	1283	1287	rear	T082	C3687023
28436738	1288	1295	impacts	T080	C4049986
28436738	1319	1328	rollovers	T033	C2136155
28436738	1333	1341	unbelted	T033	C1303051
28436738	1342	1351	occupants	T098	C0450049
28436738	1357	1361	risk	T078	C0035647
28436738	1366	1382	brainstem injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	1398	1403	crash	T037	C0000932
28436738	1404	1412	severity	T080	C0439793
28436738	1418	1430	highest risk	T033	C3843761
28436738	1435	1451	brainstem injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	1473	1480	crashes	T037	C0000932
28436738	1514	1535	Exponential functions	T081	C2986953
28436738	1536	1539	fit	T052	C2349186
28436738	1544	1550	change	T169	C0392747
28436738	1554	1558	risk	T078	C0035647
28436738	1582	1590	NASS-CDS	T170	C2697756
28436738	1591	1607	electronic cases	T078	C0013850
28436738	1620	1636	brainstem injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	1654	1660	severe	T080	C0205082
28436738	1661	1671	collisions	T037	C0337196
28436738	1682	1690	occupant	T098	C0450049
28436738	1703	1720	multiple injuries	T037	C0026771
28436738	1726	1735	intrusion	T033	C3842215
28436738	1739	1745	impact	T080	C4049986
28436738	1749	1756	vehicle	T073	C0348005
28436738	1757	1767	structures	T082	C0678594
28436738	1781	1792	deformation	T169	C2984773
28436738	1798	1802	risk	T078	C0035647
28436738	1807	1823	brainstem injury	T037	C0270611
28436738	1827	1833	belted	T033	C1303116
28436738	1834	1843	occupants	T098	C0450049
28436738	1886	1891	years	T079	C0585341
28436738	1905	1909	risk	T078	C0035647
28436738	1923	1929	injury	T037	C3263723
28436738	1954	1964	prevention	T061	C0000918
28436738	1968	1986	brainstem injuries	T037	C0270611
28436738	1992	1999	address	T170	C1442065
28436738	2004	2031	extreme speed of collisions	T033	C2136154
28436738	2036	2042	weight	T081	C0043100
28436738	2043	2053	mismatches	T080	C1881865
28436738	2069	2079	structures	T082	C0678594
28436738	2081	2090	seatbelts	T073	C0036498
28436738	2092	2107	frontal airbags	T073	C0522712
28436738	2109	2121	side airbags	T073	C0162697
28436738	2126	2134	curtains	T073	C0180239
28436738	2138	2153	modern vehicles	T073	C0175845

28436990|t|TCRP1 promotes NIH/3T3 cell transformation by over-activating PDK1 and AKT1
28436990|a|Tongue cancer resistance-related protein 1 (TCRP1) gene was first cloned from the multidrug resistance tongue cancer cell (Tca8113 / pingyangmycin) in our lab. Our precious studies demonstrated that TCRP1 was involving in chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance of tongue cancer cells, lung cancer cells and ovarian cancer cells. In this study, we showed that TCRP1 overexpression promotes cell transformation and tumorigenesis through hyperphosphorylation of the oncogenic kinase 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) and AKT1, whereas inhibition of PDK1 by OSU-03012 or PDK1 small interfering RNA reversed TCRP1 -mediated cell transformation. Importantly, TCRP1 was able to directly interact with PDK1, and 93-107 amino-acid and 109-124 amino-acid sites of TCRP1 were the common binding domain of PDK1. Moreover, in line with its oncogenic activity, we found that TCRP1 is often overexpressed in human in lung cancer, glioma, ovarian cancer, thyroid cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer and tongue carcinoma tissues. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of TCRP1 has a positive correlation with p-PDK1, as well as p-AKT1 in lung cancer and gliomas tissues. Thus, TCRP1 may be a candidate as human oncoprotein that promotes cancer development by activation of PDK1 / AKT1 signaling.
28436990	0	5	TCRP1	T116,T123	C3181276
28436990	15	27	NIH/3T3 cell	T025	C1257739
28436990	28	42	transformation	T043	C0040682
28436990	46	61	over-activating	T045	C1514559
28436990	62	66	PDK1	T116,T126	C0541150
28436990	71	75	AKT1	T116,T126	C0668624
28436990	76	131	Tongue cancer resistance-related protein 1 (TCRP1) gene	T028	C2681496
28436990	142	148	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
28436990	158	178	multidrug resistance	T032	C0242640
28436990	179	192	tongue cancer	T191	C0153349
28436990	193	197	cell	T025	C0597032
28436990	199	206	Tca8113	T025	C0085983
28436990	209	222	pingyangmycin	T109,T195	C0053847
28436990	231	234	lab	T073,T093	C0022877
28436990	275	280	TCRP1	T028	C2681496
28436990	298	310	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28436990	315	327	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28436990	328	338	resistance	T169	C4281815
28436990	342	355	tongue cancer	T191	C0153349
28436990	356	361	cells	T025	C0597032
28436990	363	374	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28436990	375	380	cells	T025	C0597032
28436990	385	399	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
28436990	400	405	cells	T025	C0597032
28436990	437	442	TCRP1	T116,T123	C3181276
28436990	443	457	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28436990	467	486	cell transformation	T043	C0040682
28436990	491	504	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621
28436990	513	533	hyperphosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28436990	541	557	oncogenic kinase	T116,T126	C0031727
28436990	558	603	3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1	T116,T126	C0541150
28436990	605	609	PDK1	T116,T126	C0541150
28436990	615	619	AKT1	T116,T126	C0668624
28436990	629	639	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28436990	643	647	PDK1	T116,T126	C0541150
28436990	651	660	OSU-03012	T109	C1569671
28436990	664	668	PDK1	T116,T126	C0541150
28436990	669	690	small interfering RNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28436990	700	705	TCRP1	T116,T123	C3181276
28436990	716	735	cell transformation	T043	C0040682
28436990	750	755	TCRP1	T116,T123	C3181276
28436990	791	795	PDK1	T116,T126	C0541150
28436990	808	818	amino-acid	T087	C0002518
28436990	831	847	amino-acid sites	T087	C0002518
28436990	851	856	TCRP1	T116,T123	C3181276
28436990	873	887	binding domain	T116,T123	C0242210
28436990	891	895	PDK1	T116,T126	C0541150
28436990	924	933	oncogenic	T116,T126	C0031727
28436990	934	942	activity	T045	C0599177
28436990	958	963	TCRP1	T116,T123	C3181276
28436990	973	986	overexpressed	T045	C1514559
28436990	990	995	human	T016	C0086418
28436990	999	1010	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28436990	1012	1018	glioma	T191	C0017638
28436990	1020	1034	ovarian cancer	T191	C0029925
28436990	1036	1050	thyroid cancer	T191	C0549473
28436990	1052	1076	nasopharyngeal carcinoma	T191	C2931822
28436990	1078	1095	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
28436990	1097	1111	stomach cancer	T191	C0699791
28436990	1116	1132	tongue carcinoma	T191	C0558353
28436990	1133	1140	tissues	T024	C0475358
28436990	1142	1171	Spearman correlation analysis	T062,T170	C0010101
28436990	1188	1198	expression	T045	C0017262
28436990	1202	1207	TCRP1	T116,T123	C3181276
28436990	1223	1234	correlation	T080	C1707520
28436990	1240	1246	p-PDK1	T116,T126	C0541150
28436990	1259	1265	p-AKT1	T116,T126	C0668624
28436990	1269	1280	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28436990	1285	1292	gliomas	T191	C0017638
28436990	1293	1300	tissues	T024	C0475358
28436990	1308	1313	TCRP1	T116,T123	C3181276
28436990	1336	1341	human	T016	C0086418
28436990	1342	1353	oncoprotein	T116,T123	C0029005
28436990	1368	1374	cancer	T191	C0006826
28436990	1390	1400	activation	T045	C0599177
28436990	1404	1408	PDK1	T116,T126	C0541150
28436990	1411	1415	AKT1	T116,T126	C0668624
28436990	1416	1425	signaling	T044	C1148560

28437199|t|The Correlation of Arterial Stiffness with Biophysical Parameters and Blood Biochemistry
28437199|a|Type 2 diabetes presents with numerous macrovascular and microvascular impairments, which in turn lead to various co-morbidities. Vascular co-morbidities can be seen when examining arterial stiffness (AS), which is a predictor for endothelial health and cardiovascular disease risk. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) are two tests that are commonly used to measure AS. Currently, disease states and progression are tracked via blood biochemistry. These gold standards in monitoring diabetes are expensive and need optimization. To investigate which biophysical and biochemical parameters correlated best with AS, which may reduce the number of biochemical tests and biophysical parameter measurements needed to track disease progression. Data from 42 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus for ≤10 years, aged 40-70 years, were analyzed at a single time point. We investigated various blood biochemistry, body composition, and AS parameters. A combination of fat mass and fat-free mass was most associated with PWA over any other parameters. Leptin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein seem to be the next two parameters that correlate with augmentation index. No other parameters had strong correlations to either PWA or PWV values. Body composition methods seemed to be better predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus patient's vascular disease progression. Our study indicates that body composition measurements may help replace expensive tests. This may have public health and health surveillance implications in countries facing financial challenges.
28437199	4	15	Correlation	T080	C1707520
28437199	19	37	Arterial Stiffness	T039	C0599949
28437199	43	65	Biophysical Parameters	T081	C0392762
28437199	70	75	Blood	T031	C0005767
28437199	76	88	Biochemistry	T090	C0005477
28437199	89	104	Type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28437199	128	141	macrovascular	T047	C0042373
28437199	146	171	microvascular impairments	T047	C0042373
28437199	203	217	co-morbidities	T078	C0009488
28437199	219	227	Vascular	T023	C0005847
28437199	228	242	co-morbidities	T078	C0009488
28437199	270	288	arterial stiffness	T039	C0599949
28437199	290	292	AS	T039	C0599949
28437199	306	315	predictor	T078	C2698872
28437199	320	331	endothelial	T024	C0014257
28437199	332	338	health	T078	C0018684
28437199	343	365	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28437199	366	370	risk	T078	C0035647
28437199	372	391	Pulse wave analysis	T060	C3494430
28437199	393	396	PWA	T060	C3494430
28437199	402	421	pulse wave velocity	T081	C3494431
28437199	423	426	PWV	T081	C3494431
28437199	468	475	measure	T169	C0242485
28437199	476	478	AS	T039	C0599949
28437199	491	505	disease states	T033	C3887610
28437199	510	521	progression	T046	C0242656
28437199	526	533	tracked	T057	C0681689
28437199	538	543	blood	T031	C0005767
28437199	544	556	biochemistry	T090	C0005477
28437199	564	578	gold standards	T080	C0150110
28437199	582	592	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28437199	593	601	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28437199	606	615	expensive	T033	C0243095
28437199	625	637	optimization	T052	C2698650
28437199	660	671	biophysical	T081	C0392762
28437199	676	698	biochemical parameters	T081	C0392762
28437199	720	722	AS	T039	C0599949
28437199	755	772	biochemical tests	T059	C0430027
28437199	777	798	biophysical parameter	T081	C0392762
28437199	799	811	measurements	T169	C0242485
28437199	822	827	track	T057	C0681689
28437199	828	847	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28437199	862	870	subjects	T096	C0681850
28437199	876	900	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28437199	939	947	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28437199	953	970	single time point	T079	C2348792
28437199	996	1001	blood	T031	C0005767
28437199	1002	1014	biochemistry	T090	C0005477
28437199	1016	1032	body composition	T032	C0005885
28437199	1038	1040	AS	T039	C0599949
28437199	1041	1051	parameters	T081	C0392762
28437199	1070	1078	fat mass	T032	C3656665
28437199	1083	1096	fat-free mass	T033	C0424679
28437199	1106	1121	associated with	T080	C0332281
28437199	1122	1125	PWA	T060	C3494430
28437199	1141	1151	parameters	T081	C0392762
28437199	1153	1159	Leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28437199	1181	1199	C-reactive protein	T116,T129	C0006560
28437199	1224	1234	parameters	T081	C0392762
28437199	1255	1273	augmentation index	T081	C0392762
28437199	1284	1294	parameters	T081	C0392762
28437199	1329	1332	PWA	T060	C3494430
28437199	1336	1339	PWV	T081	C3494431
28437199	1348	1372	Body composition methods	T059	C0022885
28437199	1393	1403	predictors	T078	C2698872
28437199	1407	1431	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28437199	1432	1441	patient's	T101	C0030705
28437199	1442	1458	vascular disease	T047	C0042373
28437199	1459	1470	progression	T046	C0242656
28437199	1476	1481	study	T062	C2603343
28437199	1497	1526	body composition measurements	T201	C1285593
28437199	1544	1559	expensive tests	T059	C0022885
28437199	1575	1588	public health	T058	C0699943
28437199	1593	1612	health surveillance	T058	C3494318
28437199	1629	1638	countries	T083	C0454664
28437199	1646	1666	financial challenges	T033	C0549106

28437231|t|Capsular Polysaccharide Types and Virulence-Related Traits of Epidemic KPC - Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in a Chinese University Hospital
28437231|a|Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important human pathogen associated with a variety of diseases and the prevalence of blaKPC carrying K. pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) is rapidly increasing. Capsule is an important virulence factor in K. pneumoniae. In this study, we determined to first systematically characterize capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and virulence traits in KPC-Kp strains. A total of 56 KPC-Kp isolates were recovered from clinical samples in a Chinese hospital, which were assigned to clonal lineages by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Capsule typing (wzi sequencing and wzc polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) and virulence genes were characterized by molecular approaches. The virulence of these strains was determined by biofilm formation, serum killing resistance, phagocytosis, and infection models. Six different STs were found among 56 KPC-Kp isolates: 76.8% (43 of 56 isolates) belonged to ST11, 6 isolates belonged to ST147, 4 isolates belonged to ST15, 1 isolate belonged to ST1456, 1 isolate belonged to ST65, and 1 isolate was ST23. Based on the wzi gene DNA sequences and wzc PCR, these 56 strains were classified as capsular type wzi47-K47 (n = 37), wzi64-K64 (n = 8), wzi8-K8 (n = 4), wzi37-K37 (n = 4), wzi53-K53 (n = 1), wzi125-K2 (n = 1), and wzi1-K1 (n = 1). Heterogeneity was detected in biofilm formation and phagocytosis among different CPS types. ST11 strains were less virulent than other ST strains. KPC-Kp strains exhibit variability of virulence-associated traits. Differences were associated with the ST types and CPS.
28437231	0	23	Capsular Polysaccharide	T109,T129	C0032595
28437231	24	29	Types	T080	C0332307
28437231	34	51	Virulence-Related	T038	C0042765
28437231	52	58	Traits	T032	C0599883
28437231	62	70	Epidemic	T067	C0014499
28437231	71	74	KPC	T047	C1855645
28437231	77	86	Producing	T169	C0678227
28437231	87	108	Klebsiella pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28437231	109	117	Isolates	T123	C1764827
28437231	123	130	Chinese	T083	C0008115
28437231	131	150	University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28437231	151	172	Klebsiella pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28437231	179	188	important	T080	C3898777
28437231	189	194	human	T016	C0086418
28437231	195	203	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28437231	204	219	associated with	T080	C0332281
28437231	222	229	variety	T077	C2346866
28437231	233	241	diseases	T047	C0012634
28437231	250	260	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28437231	264	270	blaKPC	T028	C0017337
28437231	280	293	K. pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28437231	295	301	KPC-Kp	T007	C0001699
28437231	306	324	rapidly increasing	T169	C0442808
28437231	326	333	Capsule	T116,T129	C0085229
28437231	340	349	important	T080	C3898777
28437231	350	366	virulence factor	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
28437231	370	383	K. pneumoniae	T007	C0001699
28437231	393	398	study	T062	C2603343
28437231	423	437	systematically	T169	C0220922
28437231	438	450	characterize	T052	C1880022
28437231	451	474	capsular polysaccharide	T109,T129	C0032595
28437231	476	479	CPS	T109,T129	C0032595
28437231	485	494	virulence	T038	C0042765
28437231	495	501	traits	T032	C0599883
28437231	505	511	KPC-Kp	T007	C0001699
28437231	512	519	strains	T001	C1518614
28437231	535	541	KPC-Kp	T007	C0001699
28437231	542	550	isolates	T123	C1764827
28437231	556	565	recovered	T080	C0521108
28437231	571	587	clinical samples	T167	C0370003
28437231	593	609	Chinese hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28437231	622	630	assigned	T169	C1516050
28437231	634	649	clonal lineages	T078	C0282637
28437231	653	679	multilocus sequence typing	T062	C2936544
28437231	681	685	MLST	T062	C2936544
28437231	688	695	Capsule	T116,T129	C0085229
28437231	696	702	typing	T058	C0441704
28437231	704	718	wzi sequencing	T059	C1294197
28437231	723	752	wzc polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
28437231	754	757	PCR	T063	C0032520
28437231	764	773	virulence	T038	C0042765
28437231	774	779	genes	T028	C0017337
28437231	785	798	characterized	T052	C1880022
28437231	802	822	molecular approaches	T059	C0200924
28437231	828	837	virulence	T038	C0042765
28437231	847	854	strains	T001	C1518614
28437231	873	890	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28437231	892	897	serum	T031	C0229671
28437231	898	905	killing	T043	C0599733
28437231	906	916	resistance	T169	C4281815
28437231	918	930	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28437231	936	945	infection	T046	C3714514
28437231	946	952	models	T170	C3161035
28437231	968	971	STs	T033	C2359784
28437231	977	982	found	T033	C0150312
28437231	992	998	KPC-Kp	T007	C0001699
28437231	999	1007	isolates	T123	C1764827
28437231	1025	1033	isolates	T123	C1764827
28437231	1047	1051	ST11	T033	C2359784
28437231	1053	1054	6	T033	C2359784
28437231	1055	1063	isolates	T123	C1764827
28437231	1076	1081	ST147	T033	C2359784
28437231	1085	1093	isolates	T123	C1764827
28437231	1106	1110	ST15	T033	C2359784
28437231	1134	1140	ST1456	T033	C2359784
28437231	1164	1168	ST65	T033	C2359784
28437231	1188	1192	ST23	T033	C2359784
28437231	1207	1229	wzi gene DNA sequences	T059	C3708993
28437231	1234	1241	wzc PCR	T063	C0032520
28437231	1252	1259	strains	T001	C1518614
28437231	1279	1287	capsular	T116,T129	C0085229
28437231	1288	1292	type	T080	C0332307
28437231	1293	1302	wzi47-K47	T116,T129	C0085229
28437231	1313	1322	wzi64-K64	T116,T129	C0085229
28437231	1332	1339	wzi8-K8	T116,T129	C0085229
28437231	1349	1358	wzi37-K37	T116,T129	C0085229
28437231	1368	1377	wzi53-K53	T116,T129	C0085229
28437231	1387	1396	wzi125-K2	T116,T129	C0085229
28437231	1410	1417	wzi1-K1	T116,T129	C0085229
28437231	1427	1440	Heterogeneity	T032	C0242960
28437231	1445	1453	detected	T033	C0442726
28437231	1457	1474	biofilm formation	T043	C1325881
28437231	1479	1491	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28437231	1508	1511	CPS	T109,T129	C0032595
28437231	1512	1517	types	T080	C0332307
28437231	1519	1523	ST11	T033	C2359784
28437231	1524	1531	strains	T001	C1518614
28437231	1542	1550	virulent	T080	C1520022
28437231	1562	1564	ST	T033	C2359784
28437231	1565	1572	strains	T001	C1518614
28437231	1574	1580	KPC-Kp	T007	C0001699
28437231	1581	1588	strains	T001	C1518614
28437231	1597	1608	variability	T077	C2827666
28437231	1612	1632	virulence-associated	T038	C0042765
28437231	1633	1639	traits	T032	C0599883
28437231	1678	1680	ST	T033	C2359784
28437231	1681	1686	types	T080	C0332307
28437231	1691	1694	CPS	T109,T129	C0032595

28437254|t|Interaction-driven distinctive electronic states of artificial atoms at the ZnO interface
28437254|a|We have investigated the electronic states of planar quantum dots at the ZnO interface containing a few interacting electrons in an externally applied magnetic field. The electron-electron interaction effects are expected to be much stronger in this case than in traditional semiconductor quantum systems, such as in GaAs or InAs quantum dots. In order to highlight that stronger Coulomb effects in the ZnO quantum dots, we have compared the energy spectra and the magnetization in this system to those of the InAs quantum dots. We have found that in the ZnO quantum dots the signatures of stronger Coulomb interaction manifests in an unique ground state that has very different properties than the corresponding ones in the InAs dot. Our results for the magnetization also exhibits behaviors never before observed in a quantum dot for a realistic set of parameters. We have found a stronger temperature dependence and other unexpected features, such as paramagnetic-like behavior at high temperatures for a quantum-dot helium.
28437254	0	18	Interaction-driven	T169	C1704675
28437254	31	48	electronic states	T082	C0449830
28437254	52	68	artificial atoms	T196	C0567415
28437254	76	79	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28437254	80	89	interface	T080	C0205556
28437254	98	110	investigated	T169	C1292732
28437254	115	132	electronic states	T082	C0449830
28437254	136	155	planar quantum dots	T073	C1258084
28437254	163	166	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28437254	167	176	interface	T080	C0205556
28437254	194	205	interacting	T169	C1704675
28437254	206	215	electrons	T196	C0013852
28437254	222	240	externally applied	T169	C4048755
28437254	241	255	magnetic field	T070	C0563533
28437254	261	278	electron-electron	T196	C0013852
28437254	279	290	interaction	T169	C1704675
28437254	291	298	effects	T080	C1280500
28437254	318	331	much stronger	T080	C0442821
28437254	340	344	case	T169	C0868928
28437254	353	394	traditional semiconductor quantum systems	T169	C0449913
28437254	407	411	GaAs	T197	C0061005
28437254	415	419	InAs	T197	C0172463
28437254	420	432	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
28437254	461	469	stronger	T080	C0442821
28437254	470	485	Coulomb effects	T080	C1280500
28437254	493	496	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28437254	497	509	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
28437254	519	527	compared	T052	C1707455
28437254	532	546	energy spectra	T067	C1254366
28437254	555	568	magnetization	T070	C0563532
28437254	577	583	system	T169	C0449913
28437254	600	604	InAs	T197	C0172463
28437254	605	617	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
28437254	645	648	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28437254	649	661	quantum dots	T073	C1258084
28437254	680	688	stronger	T080	C0442821
28437254	689	708	Coulomb interaction	T169	C1704675
28437254	709	718	manifests	T169	C0205319
28437254	725	731	unique	T080	C1710548
28437254	732	744	ground state	T082	C0449830
28437254	759	768	different	T080	C1705242
28437254	769	779	properties	T077	C1882134
28437254	815	819	InAs	T197	C0172463
28437254	820	823	dot	T073	C1258084
28437254	829	836	results	T169	C1274040
28437254	845	858	magnetization	T070	C0563532
28437254	864	882	exhibits behaviors	T080	C0205556
28437254	883	888	never	T079	C2003901
28437254	889	895	before	T079	C0332152
28437254	896	904	observed	T169	C1441672
28437254	910	921	quantum dot	T073	C1258084
28437254	928	955	realistic set of parameters	T081	C0392762
28437254	973	981	stronger	T080	C0442821
28437254	982	993	temperature	T081	C0039476
28437254	994	1004	dependence	T080	C0851827
28437254	1015	1034	unexpected features	T080	C2348519
28437254	1044	1070	paramagnetic-like behavior	T070	C1254365
28437254	1074	1091	high temperatures	T081	C0039476
28437254	1098	1109	quantum-dot	T073	C1258084
28437254	1110	1116	helium	T121,T196	C0018880

28437457|t|Tissue factor - dependent coagulation activation by heme: A thromboelastometry study
28437457|a|Heme has been characterized as potent trigger of inflammation. In hemostasis, although heme has been shown to both induce and inhibit different compartments of hemostasis, its net effect on the hemostatic balance, and the biological relevance of these effects remain to be determined. Herein we evaluated the effect of heme on hemostasis using a global assay able to generate clinically relevant data in several other complex hemostatic diseases. Citrated whole blood samples from healthy participants were stimulated by heme or vehicle and incubated for 4h at 37°C. Rotational thromboelastometry was immediately performed. The participation of tissue factor in coagulation activation was evaluated using inhibitory antibody. Heme was able of inducing ex vivo coagulation activation in whole blood, affecting predominantly parameters associated with the initial phases of clot formation. This activation effect was at least partially dependent on hematopoietic tissue factor, since the effects of heme were partially abrogated by the inhibition of human tissue factor. In conclusion, using a global hemostasis assay, our study confirmed that heme is able to activate coagulation in whole blood, in a tissue factor - dependent way. These findings could explain the disturbance in hemostatic balance observed in conditions associated with the release of heme such as sickle cell disease.
28437457	0	13	Tissue factor	T116,T129	C4048299
28437457	16	25	dependent	T080	C0851827
28437457	26	48	coagulation activation	T040	C2244461
28437457	52	56	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28437457	60	84	thromboelastometry study	T060	C3661505
28437457	85	89	Heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28437457	123	130	trigger	T080	C1444748
28437457	134	146	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28437457	151	161	hemostasis	T042	C0019116
28437457	172	176	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28437457	200	206	induce	T169	C0205263
28437457	211	218	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28437457	245	255	hemostasis	T042	C0019116
28437457	261	271	net effect	T080	C1280500
28437457	279	289	hemostatic	T042	C0019116
28437457	290	297	balance	T038	C0019868
28437457	307	317	biological	T080	C0205460
28437457	318	327	relevance	T080	C2347946
28437457	337	344	effects	T080	C1280500
28437457	394	400	effect	T080	C1280500
28437457	404	408	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28437457	412	422	hemostasis	T042	C0019116
28437457	431	443	global assay	T059	C0005507
28437457	461	471	clinically	T080	C0205210
28437457	472	480	relevant	T080	C2347946
28437457	481	485	data	T078	C1511726
28437457	503	510	complex	T080	C0439855
28437457	511	530	hemostatic diseases	T047	C0600502
28437457	541	560	whole blood samples	T031	C0444256
28437457	566	586	healthy participants	T098	C1708335
28437457	592	602	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28437457	606	610	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28437457	626	635	incubated	T059	C1439852
28437457	652	681	Rotational thromboelastometry	T060	C3661505
28437457	686	697	immediately	T079	C0205548
28437457	713	726	participation	T169	C0679823
28437457	730	743	tissue factor	T116,T129	C4048299
28437457	747	769	coagulation activation	T040	C2244461
28437457	790	800	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28437457	801	809	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28437457	811	815	Heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28437457	837	844	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28437457	845	856	coagulation	T042	C0005778
28437457	857	867	activation	T052	C1879547
28437457	871	882	whole blood	T031	C0370231
28437457	908	918	parameters	T077	C0549193
28437457	919	934	associated with	T080	C0332281
28437457	939	946	initial	T079	C0205265
28437457	947	953	phases	T079	C0205390
28437457	957	971	clot formation	T044	C3156338
28437457	978	988	activation	T052	C1879547
28437457	989	995	effect	T080	C1280500
28437457	1019	1028	dependent	T080	C0851827
28437457	1032	1045	hematopoietic	T169	C0229601
28437457	1046	1059	tissue factor	T116,T129	C4048299
28437457	1071	1078	effects	T080	C1280500
28437457	1082	1086	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28437457	1119	1129	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28437457	1133	1138	human	T016	C0086418
28437457	1139	1152	tissue factor	T116,T129	C4048299
28437457	1184	1194	hemostasis	T042	C0019116
28437457	1227	1231	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28437457	1243	1278	activate coagulation in whole blood	T040	C2244461
28437457	1285	1298	tissue factor	T116,T129	C4048299
28437457	1301	1310	dependent	T080	C0851827
28437457	1349	1360	disturbance	T080	C2699787
28437457	1364	1374	hemostatic	T042	C0019116
28437457	1375	1382	balance	T038	C0019868
28437457	1426	1433	release	T169	C0391871
28437457	1437	1441	heme	T109,T123	C0018966
28437457	1450	1469	sickle cell disease	T047	C0002895

28437582|t|Modified frailty index predicts postoperative outcomes in older gastrointestinal cancer patients
28437582|a|Frailty disproportionately impacts older patients with gastrointestinal cancer, rendering them at increased risk for poor outcomes. A frailty index may aid in preoperative risk stratification. We hypothesized that high modified frailty index (mFI) scores are associated with adverse outcomes after tumor resection in older, gastrointestinal cancer patients. Patients (60-90 years old) who underwent gastrointestinal tumor resection were identified in the 2005-2012 NSQIP Participant Use File. mFI was defined by 11 previously described, preoperative variables. Frailty was defined by an mFI score >0.27. The postoperative course was evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. 41 455 patients (mean age 72.4 years, 47.4% female) were identified. The most prevalent form of cancer was colorectal (69.3%, n = 28 708) and 2.8% of patients were frail (n = 1,164). Frail patients were significantly more likely to have increased length of stay (11.7 vs 9.0 days), major complications (29.1% vs 17.9%), and 30-day mortality (5.6% vs 2.5%), (all P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified mFI as an independent predictor of major complications (OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.39-1.65, P < 0.001) and 30-day mortality (OR 1.48, 95%CI 1.24-1.75, P < 0.001). mFI was associated with the incidence of postoperative complications and mortality in older surgical patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
28437582	0	8	Modified	T169	C0392747
28437582	9	22	frailty index	T170	C4075886
28437582	23	31	predicts	T078	C0681842
28437582	32	45	postoperative	T033	C0231287
28437582	46	54	outcomes	T081	C0086749
28437582	58	63	older	T098	C3826770
28437582	64	87	gastrointestinal cancer	T191	C0685938
28437582	88	96	patients	T101	C0030705
28437582	97	104	Frailty	T033	C0424594
28437582	105	123	disproportionately	T080	C0205556
28437582	124	131	impacts	T080	C4049986
28437582	132	137	older	T098	C3826770
28437582	138	146	patients	T101	C0030705
28437582	152	175	gastrointestinal cancer	T191	C0685938
28437582	177	186	rendering	T169	C0205245
28437582	195	227	increased risk for poor outcomes	T033	C3553618
28437582	231	244	frailty index	T170	C4075886
28437582	256	268	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28437582	269	273	risk	T078	C0035647
28437582	274	288	stratification	T062	C1514983
28437582	293	305	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28437582	316	351	modified frailty index (mFI) scores	T033	C4075885
28437582	356	371	associated with	T080	C0332281
28437582	372	388	adverse outcomes	T033	C1705586
28437582	395	400	tumor	T191	C0027651
28437582	401	410	resection	T061	C0015252
28437582	414	419	older	T098	C3826770
28437582	421	444	gastrointestinal cancer	T191	C0685938
28437582	445	453	patients	T101	C0030705
28437582	455	463	Patients	T101	C0030705
28437582	465	480	60-90 years old	T098	C3826770
28437582	486	495	underwent	T169	C0205245
28437582	496	528	gastrointestinal tumor resection	UnknownType	C0744337
28437582	534	544	identified	T080	C0205396
28437582	562	567	NSQIP	T033	C1532051
28437582	568	579	Participant	T098	C0679646
28437582	590	593	mFI	T033	C4075885
28437582	612	622	previously	T079	C0205156
28437582	623	632	described	T078	C1552738
28437582	634	646	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28437582	647	656	variables	T080	C0439828
28437582	658	665	Frailty	T033	C0424594
28437582	684	693	mFI score	T033	C4075885
28437582	705	725	postoperative course	T058	C0032786
28437582	730	739	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28437582	746	756	univariate	T062	C0683962
28437582	761	782	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28437582	791	799	patients	T101	C0030705
28437582	828	834	female	T032	C0086287
28437582	841	851	identified	T080	C0205396
28437582	862	876	prevalent form	T082	C0205391
28437582	880	886	cancer	T191	C0006826
28437582	891	901	colorectal	T191	C1527249
28437582	934	942	patients	T101	C0030705
28437582	948	953	frail	T033	C0871754
28437582	967	972	Frail	T033	C0871754
28437582	973	981	patients	T101	C0030705
28437582	987	1000	significantly	T078	C0750502
28437582	1001	1012	more likely	T078	C0750501
28437582	1021	1045	increased length of stay	T079	C3840528
28437582	1066	1071	major	T080	C0205164
28437582	1072	1085	complications	T046	C0009566
28437582	1115	1124	mortality	T081	C0026565
28437582	1158	1179	Multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28437582	1180	1190	identified	T080	C0205396
28437582	1191	1194	mFI	T033	C4075885
28437582	1201	1212	independent	T078	C0085862
28437582	1213	1222	predictor	T078	C2698872
28437582	1226	1231	major	T080	C0205164
28437582	1232	1245	complications	T046	C0009566
28437582	1295	1304	mortality	T081	C0026565
28437582	1344	1347	mFI	T033	C4075885
28437582	1352	1367	associated with	T080	C0332281
28437582	1372	1381	incidence	T081	C0021149
28437582	1385	1398	postoperative	T033	C0231287
28437582	1399	1412	complications	T046	C0009566
28437582	1417	1426	mortality	T081	C0026565
28437582	1430	1435	older	T098	C3826770
28437582	1436	1453	surgical patients	T101	C0871463
28437582	1459	1482	gastrointestinal cancer	T191	C0685938

28437772|t|Shifts in soil microbial metabolic activities and community structures along a salinity gradient of irrigation water in a typical arid region of China
28437772|a|Saline water irrigation can change soil environment, which thereby influence soil microbial process. Based on a field experiment, the shifts in soil microbial metabolic activities and community structures under five irrigation salinities were studied using Biolog and metagenomic methods in this study. The results demonstrated that microbial metabolic activities were greatly restrained in saline water irrigated soils, as average well color development (AWCD) reduced under all saline water irrigation treatments. Although no significant difference in carbon substrate utilization of all six categories was observed among Mild, Medium, High and Severe treatments, the consumption of sole carbon source was significantly varied. Especially, asparagine, galacturonic, putrescine and 4-benzoic acid played a decisive role in dominating the differences. Soil bacterial richness and diversity increased with irrigation salinity while the number of bacterial phyla decreased. Three significantly increased (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi), two decreased (Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes) and two irresponsive (Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria) phyla were observed as the dominant groups in saline water irrigated soils. The results presented here could improve the understanding of the soil biological process under saline circumstance.
28437772	0	6	Shifts	T067	C2347509
28437772	10	14	soil	T167	C0037592
28437772	15	24	microbial	T001	C0599840
28437772	25	45	metabolic activities	UnknownType	C0541512
28437772	50	70	community structures	T080	C2936391
28437772	79	87	salinity	T034	C1956027
28437772	88	96	gradient	T081	C0812409
28437772	100	110	irrigation	T169	C0205245
28437772	111	116	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28437772	122	141	typical arid region	T082	C0205147
28437772	145	150	China	T083	C0008115
28437772	151	163	Saline water	T167	C4042921
28437772	164	174	irrigation	T169	C0205245
28437772	179	185	change	T169	C0392747
28437772	186	190	soil	T167	C0037592
28437772	191	202	environment	T082	C0014406
28437772	228	232	soil	T167	C0037592
28437772	233	242	microbial	T001	C0599840
28437772	243	250	process	T067	C1522240
28437772	263	279	field experiment	T062	C0868962
28437772	295	299	soil	T167	C0037592
28437772	300	309	microbial	T001	C0599840
28437772	310	330	metabolic activities	UnknownType	C0541512
28437772	335	355	community structures	T080	C2936391
28437772	367	377	irrigation	T169	C0205245
28437772	378	388	salinities	T034	C1956027
28437772	408	438	Biolog and metagenomic methods	T170	C0025663
28437772	458	465	results	T169	C1274040
28437772	466	478	demonstrated	T080	C0205556
28437772	484	493	microbial	T001	C0599840
28437772	494	514	metabolic activities	UnknownType	C0541512
28437772	520	538	greatly restrained	T033	C0243095
28437772	542	554	saline water	T167	C4042921
28437772	555	564	irrigated	T169	C0205245
28437772	565	570	soils	T167	C0037592
28437772	575	605	average well color development	T081	C0392762
28437772	607	611	AWCD	T081	C0392762
28437772	613	620	reduced	T080	C0392756
28437772	631	643	saline water	T167	C4042921
28437772	644	654	irrigation	T169	C0205245
28437772	655	665	treatments	T169	C1522326
28437772	679	690	significant	T078	C0750502
28437772	691	701	difference	T080	C1705242
28437772	705	711	carbon	T196	C0007009
28437772	712	721	substrate	T167	C3891814
28437772	722	733	utilization	T169	C0042153
28437772	741	744	six	T081	C0205452
28437772	745	755	categories	T170	C0683312
28437772	760	768	observed	T169	C1441672
28437772	775	779	Mild	T080	C2945599
28437772	781	787	Medium	T081	C0439536
28437772	789	793	High	T080	C0205250
28437772	798	804	Severe	T080	C0205082
28437772	805	815	treatments	T169	C1522326
28437772	821	832	consumption	T039	C1947907
28437772	836	847	sole carbon	T196	C0007009
28437772	848	854	source	T033	C0449416
28437772	859	872	significantly	T078	C0750502
28437772	873	879	varied	T080	C0205556
28437772	893	903	asparagine	T116,T123	C0003995
28437772	905	917	galacturonic	T109	C0060991
28437772	919	929	putrescine	T109,T123	C0034170
28437772	934	948	4-benzoic acid	T109,T121	C0053225
28437772	958	971	decisive role	T078	C0086939
28437772	975	985	dominating	T080	C0205556
28437772	990	1001	differences	T080	C1705242
28437772	1003	1007	Soil	T167	C0037592
28437772	1008	1017	bacterial	T080	C0521009
28437772	1018	1026	richness	T081	C0392762
28437772	1031	1040	diversity	T080	C1880371
28437772	1041	1050	increased	T081	C0205217
28437772	1056	1066	irrigation	T169	C0205245
28437772	1067	1075	salinity	T034	C1956027
28437772	1086	1092	number	T081	C0237753
28437772	1096	1111	bacterial phyla	T007	C4128753
28437772	1112	1121	decreased	T081	C0205216
28437772	1129	1142	significantly	T078	C0750502
28437772	1143	1152	increased	T081	C0205217
28437772	1154	1168	Proteobacteria	T007	C0751985
28437772	1170	1184	Actinobacteria	T007	C0600148
28437772	1189	1200	Chloroflexi	T007	C1003889
28437772	1207	1216	decreased	T081	C0205216
28437772	1218	1232	Planctomycetes	T007	C1222577
28437772	1234	1247	Bacteroidetes	T007	C0995456
28437772	1257	1269	irresponsive	T033	C0243095
28437772	1271	1287	Gemmatimonadetes	T007	C1068855
28437772	1292	1305	Acidobacteria	T007	C1020337
28437772	1307	1312	phyla	T007	C4128753
28437772	1343	1349	groups	T098	C1257890
28437772	1353	1365	saline water	T167	C4042921
28437772	1366	1375	irrigated	T169	C0205245
28437772	1376	1381	soils	T167	C0037592
28437772	1387	1394	results	T169	C1274040
28437772	1428	1441	understanding	T041	C0162340
28437772	1449	1453	soil	T167	C0037592
28437772	1454	1464	biological	T080	C0205460
28437772	1465	1472	process	T067	C1522240
28437772	1479	1485	saline	T167	C4042921
28437772	1486	1498	circumstance	T080	C0348080

28438037|t|Evaluation of Tobacco Control Policies in San Francisco Homeless Housing Programs
28438037|a|The 2014 Surgeon General's Report noted that high smoking rates in vulnerable populations such as the homeless have been a persistent public health problem; smoking prevalence among individuals experiencing homelessness exceeds 70%. Historically, service providers for the homeless have not enacted comprehensive tobacco control policies. We conducted a qualitative study of homeless housing programs in San Francisco. Administrators representing 9 of the city's 11 homeless service agencies were interviewed to assess institutional smoking -related policies and cessation programs and perceived barriers and receptivity to instituting tobacco control interventions. Respondents indicated that although most programs had adopted smoke - free grounds and some had eliminated evidence of staff smoking, the smoking status of clients was assessed only when required by funders. None of the programs offered smoking cessation interventions. Most administrators were receptive to adopting policies that would promote a tobacco - free culture; however, they noted that their clients had unique challenges that made traditional smoking cessation programs unfeasible. Homeless housing programs in San Francisco have not yet adopted a tobacco - free culture. Existing policies were created in response to external mandates, and smoking cessation programs may need to be modified in order to effectively reach clients.
28438037	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28438037	14	38	Tobacco Control Policies	T064,T170	C0680803
28438037	42	55	San Francisco	T083	C0036152
28438037	56	64	Homeless	T098	C0019863
28438037	65	81	Housing Programs	UnknownType	C0687761
28438037	91	115	Surgeon General's Report	T170	C0684224
28438037	116	121	noted	T080	C4288581
28438037	127	131	high	T080	C0205250
28438037	132	145	smoking rates	T033	C1822491
28438037	149	171	vulnerable populations	T098	C0949366
28438037	184	192	homeless	T098	C0019863
28438037	205	215	persistent	T079	C0205322
28438037	216	222	public	T092	C0678367
28438037	223	237	health problem	T033	C1398682
28438037	239	246	smoking	T055	C0037369
28438037	247	257	prevalence	T081	C0683919
28438037	264	275	individuals	T098	C0237401
28438037	276	288	experiencing	T055	C0683573
28438037	289	301	homelessness	T033	C0237154
28438037	329	346	service providers	T058	C0679886
28438037	355	363	homeless	T098	C0019863
28438037	381	394	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28438037	395	419	tobacco control policies	T064,T170	C0680803
28438037	424	433	conducted	T169	C1300196
28438037	436	453	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28438037	457	465	homeless	T098	C0019863
28438037	466	482	housing programs	UnknownType	C0687761
28438037	486	499	San Francisco	T083	C0036152
28438037	501	515	Administrators	T097	C0085751
28438037	516	528	representing	T052	C1882932
28438037	548	573	homeless service agencies	T092	C0586395
28438037	579	590	interviewed	T052	C0021822
28438037	594	600	assess	T058	C0184514
28438037	601	614	institutional	T078	C0015003
28438037	615	622	smoking	T055	C0037369
28438037	632	640	policies	T170	C0242456
28438037	645	654	cessation	T055	C0085134
28438037	655	663	programs	T169	C3484370
28438037	668	677	perceived	T041	C0030971
28438037	678	686	barriers	T080	C0679881
28438037	691	702	receptivity	T169	C0205342
28438037	706	717	instituting	T078	C1272753
28438037	718	725	tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
28438037	726	733	control	T169	C2587213
28438037	734	747	interventions	T061	C0184661
28438037	749	760	Respondents	T098	C0282122
28438037	761	770	indicated	T033	C1444656
28438037	790	798	programs	T169	C3484370
28438037	803	810	adopted	T080	C1272684
28438037	811	816	smoke	T131	C0037366
28438037	819	823	free	T169	C0332296
28438037	824	831	grounds	T082	C1254362
28438037	845	855	eliminated	T080	C0849355
28438037	856	864	evidence	T078	C3887511
28438037	868	873	staff	T097	C0851286
28438037	874	881	smoking	T055	C0037369
28438037	887	894	smoking	T055	C0037369
28438037	895	901	status	T080	C0449438
28438037	905	912	clients	T096	C0008942
28438037	917	925	assessed	T052	C1516048
28438037	936	944	required	T169	C1514873
28438037	969	977	programs	T169	C3484370
28438037	978	985	offered	T033	C1444648
28438037	986	1003	smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28438037	1004	1017	interventions	T061	C0184661
28438037	1024	1038	administrators	T097	C0085751
28438037	1044	1053	receptive	T169	C0205342
28438037	1057	1065	adopting	T080	C1272684
28438037	1066	1074	policies	T170	C0242456
28438037	1086	1093	promote	T052	C0033414
28438037	1096	1103	tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
28438037	1106	1110	free	T169	C0332296
28438037	1111	1118	culture	T092	C0037455
28438037	1134	1139	noted	T080	C4288581
28438037	1151	1158	clients	T096	C0008942
28438037	1163	1169	unique	T080	C1710548
28438037	1170	1180	challenges	T058	C0805586
28438037	1191	1202	traditional	T169	C0443324
28438037	1203	1220	smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28438037	1221	1229	programs	T169	C3484370
28438037	1242	1250	Homeless	T098	C0019863
28438037	1251	1267	housing programs	UnknownType	C0687761
28438037	1271	1284	San Francisco	T083	C0036152
28438037	1298	1305	adopted	T080	C1272684
28438037	1308	1315	tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
28438037	1318	1322	free	T169	C0332296
28438037	1323	1330	culture	T092	C0037455
28438037	1332	1340	Existing	T077	C2987476
28438037	1341	1349	policies	T170	C0242456
28438037	1355	1362	created	T052	C1706214
28438037	1366	1374	response	T032	C0871261
28438037	1378	1386	external	T082	C0205101
28438037	1387	1395	mandates	T170	C1442085
28438037	1401	1418	smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28438037	1419	1427	programs	T169	C3484370
28438037	1443	1451	modified	T169	C0392747
28438037	1464	1475	effectively	T080	C1704419
28438037	1482	1489	clients	T096	C0008942

28438309|t|Association of Albuminuria With Cardiac Dysfunction in US Hispanics / Latinos
28438309|a|Higher urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) has been associated with cardiac dysfunction in the general population. We assessed the association of UACR with cardiac structure and function in the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (Echo-SOL), an ancillary study of the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos across 4 US sites. Echo-SOL participants underwent standard 2-dimensional echocardiography, including speckle-tracking strain analysis. UACR was categorized as normal and high-normal (based on the midpoint of values below microalbuminuria), microalbuminuria (≥17 mg/g for men; ≥25 mg/g for women), and macroalbuminuria (≥250 mg/g; ≥355 mg/g). Simultaneous assessments were made of left ventricular (LV) mass index and hypertrophy and measures of LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction. We assessed the association of UACR with subclinical cardiac measures, adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiometabolic factors. Among 1,815 participants (median age 54, women 65%), 42% had normal UACR, 43% high-normal UACR, 13% microalbuminuria, and 2% macroalbuminuria. Prevalence of LV hypertrophy was 13%, LV systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction <50%) 3%, and diastolic dysfunction 53%. After covariate adjustment, both micro- and macroalbuminuria were significantly associated with a twofold increase in LV hypertrophy. Microalbuminuria but not macroalbuminuria was associated with worse global longitudinal strain. Elevated UACR, even at high-normal levels, was significantly associated with greater diastolic dysfunction. In conclusion, elevated UACR was associated with LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in the largest known population sample of US Hispanic / Latinos. Screening and detection of even high-normal UACR could be of value to guide cardiovascular disease prevention efforts among Hispanic / Latino Americans.
28438309	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28438309	15	26	Albuminuria	T033	C0001925
28438309	32	51	Cardiac Dysfunction	T047	C0018799
28438309	55	57	US	T083	C0041703
28438309	58	67	Hispanics	T098	C0086409
28438309	70	77	Latinos	T098	C0086528
28438309	78	84	Higher	T080	C0205250
28438309	85	118	urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio	T034	C1318330
28438309	120	124	UACR	T034	C1318330
28438309	135	150	associated with	T080	C0332281
28438309	151	170	cardiac dysfunction	T047	C0018799
28438309	178	196	general population	T098	C0683971
28438309	201	209	assessed	T052	C1516048
28438309	214	225	association	T080	C0439849
28438309	229	233	UACR	T034	C1318330
28438309	239	256	cardiac structure	T023	C0018787
28438309	261	269	function	T042	C0232164
28438309	277	311	Echocardiographic Study of Latinos	T062	C0002783
28438309	313	321	Echo-SOL	T062	C0002783
28438309	327	342	ancillary study	T062	C1515980
28438309	350	381	Hispanic Community Health Study	T062	C0002783
28438309	384	400	Study of Latinos	T062	C0002783
28438309	410	412	US	T083	C0041703
28438309	420	428	Echo-SOL	T062	C0002783
28438309	429	441	participants	T098	C0679646
28438309	461	491	2-dimensional echocardiography	T060	C0013524
28438309	503	535	speckle-tracking strain analysis	T060	C0430022
28438309	537	541	UACR	T034	C1318330
28438309	561	567	normal	T080	C0205307
28438309	572	583	high-normal	T033	C0205161
28438309	623	639	microalbuminuria	T033	C0730345
28438309	642	658	microalbuminuria	T033	C0730345
28438309	673	676	men	T098	C0025266
28438309	691	696	women	T098	C0043210
28438309	703	719	macroalbuminuria	T033	C1654921
28438309	757	768	assessments	T058	C0220825
28438309	782	814	left ventricular (LV) mass index	T033	C2059474
28438309	819	830	hypertrophy	T046	C0020564
28438309	847	858	LV systolic	T047	C1277187
28438309	863	884	diastolic dysfunction	T047	C1273070
28438309	889	897	assessed	T052	C1516048
28438309	902	913	association	T080	C0439849
28438309	917	921	UACR	T034	C1318330
28438309	927	955	subclinical cardiac measures	T060	C0588131
28438309	971	987	sociodemographic	T078	C0011292
28438309	1029	1041	participants	T098	C0679646
28438309	1043	1053	median age	T032	C0001779
28438309	1058	1063	women	T098	C0043210
28438309	1078	1089	normal UACR	T033	C1096057
28438309	1095	1111	high-normal UACR	T033	C1096058
28438309	1117	1133	microalbuminuria	T033	C0730345
28438309	1142	1158	macroalbuminuria	T033	C1654921
28438309	1174	1188	LV hypertrophy	T047	C0149721
28438309	1198	1221	LV systolic dysfunction	T047	C1277187
28438309	1255	1276	diastolic dysfunction	T047	C1273070
28438309	1315	1321	micro-	T033	C0730345
28438309	1326	1342	macroalbuminuria	T033	C1654921
28438309	1362	1377	associated with	T080	C0332281
28438309	1400	1414	LV hypertrophy	T047	C0149721
28438309	1416	1432	Microalbuminuria	T033	C0730345
28438309	1441	1457	macroalbuminuria	T033	C1654921
28438309	1462	1477	associated with	T080	C0332281
28438309	1484	1510	global longitudinal strain	T170	C0282574
28438309	1512	1525	Elevated UACR	T033	C1096699
28438309	1535	1553	high-normal levels	T033	C0205161
28438309	1573	1588	associated with	T080	C0332281
28438309	1597	1618	diastolic dysfunction	T047	C1273070
28438309	1635	1648	elevated UACR	T033	C1096699
28438309	1653	1668	associated with	T080	C0332281
28438309	1669	1683	LV hypertrophy	T047	C0149721
28438309	1688	1709	diastolic dysfunction	T047	C1273070
28438309	1731	1748	population sample	T098	C2348150
28438309	1752	1754	US	T083	C0041703
28438309	1755	1763	Hispanic	T098	C0086409
28438309	1766	1773	Latinos	T098	C0086528
28438309	1775	1784	Screening	T060	C1710031
28438309	1789	1798	detection	T061	C1511790
28438309	1807	1823	high-normal UACR	T033	C1096058
28438309	1851	1892	cardiovascular disease prevention efforts	T061	C2585889
28438309	1899	1907	Hispanic	T098	C0019576
28438309	1910	1926	Latino Americans	T098	C0086528

28438506|t|Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ Limits Cytokine -dependent Expansion of CD8(+) T Cells with Broad Antitumor Capacity
28438506|a|Interleukin-2 and -15 drive expansion / differentiation of cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells that eliminate targets via antigen-independent killing. This property is clinically relevant for the improvement of T cell -based antitumor therapies. Diacylglycerol kinase α and ζ (DGKα / ζ) metabolize the diacylglycerol generated following antigen recognition by T lymphocytes. Enhanced expression of these two lipid kinases in tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells promotes a hyporesponsive state that contributes to tumor immune escape. Inhibition of these two enzymes might thus be of interest for potentiating conventional antigen -directed tumor elimination. In this study, we sought to characterize the contribution of DGKα and ζ to antigen -independent cytotoxic functions of CD8(+) T cells. Analysis of DGKζ - deficient mice showed an increase in bystander memory -like CD8(+) T cell populations not observed in DGKα - deficient mice. We demonstrate that DGKζ limits cytokine responses in an antigen -independent manner. Cytokine -specific expansion of DGKζ - deficient CD8(+) T cells promoted enhanced differentiation of innate-like cytotoxic cells in vitro, and correlated with the more potent in vivo anti-tumor responses of DGKζ - deficient mice engrafted with the murine A20 lymphoma. Our studies reveal a isoform - specific function for DGKζ downstream of IL-2 / IL-15 -mediated expansion of innate-like cytotoxic T cells, Pharmacological manipulation of DGKζ activity is of therapeutic interest for cytokine -directed anti-tumor treatments.
28438506	0	23	Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ	T116,T123	C1743812
28438506	31	39	Cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28438506	51	60	Expansion	T043	C0007595
28438506	64	78	CD8(+) T Cells	T025	C0242629
28438506	90	108	Antitumor Capacity	T033	C0243095
28438506	109	122	Interleukin-2	T116,T129	C0021756
28438506	127	130	-15	T116,T129	C0254610
28438506	137	146	expansion	T043	C0007595
28438506	149	164	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28438506	168	192	cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0039195
28438506	220	247	antigen-independent killing	T043	C0599733
28438506	254	262	property	T080	C0871161
28438506	266	276	clinically	T080	C0205210
28438506	277	285	relevant	T080	C2347946
28438506	309	315	T cell	T025	C0242629
28438506	323	342	antitumor therapies	T061	C0087111
28438506	344	367	Diacylglycerol kinase α	T116,T126	C3815868
28438506	372	373	ζ	T116,T123	C1743812
28438506	375	379	DGKα	T116,T126	C3815868
28438506	382	383	ζ	T116,T123	C1743812
28438506	385	395	metabolize	T044	C1148560
28438506	400	414	diacylglycerol	T109,T121,T123	C0043791
28438506	435	454	antigen recognition	UnknownType	C0678894
28438506	458	471	T lymphocytes	T025	C0242629
28438506	482	492	expression	T045	C1171362
28438506	506	519	lipid kinases	T116,T126	C0113519
28438506	523	556	tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0079722
28438506	568	588	hyporesponsive state	T169	C1442792
28438506	609	628	tumor immune escape	T046	C0282683
28438506	630	640	Inhibition	T039	C1524081
28438506	654	661	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28438506	718	725	antigen	T129	C0003320
28438506	736	741	tumor	T191	C0027651
28438506	742	753	elimination	T058	C3178995
28438506	783	795	characterize	T052	C1880022
28438506	800	812	contribution	T052	C1880177
28438506	816	820	DGKα	T116,T126	C3815868
28438506	825	826	ζ	T116,T123	C1743812
28438506	830	837	antigen	T129	C0003320
28438506	851	860	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
28438506	861	870	functions	T169	C0542341
28438506	874	888	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
28438506	890	898	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28438506	902	906	DGKζ	T116,T123	C1743812
28438506	909	918	deficient	T169	C0011155
28438506	919	923	mice	T015	C0025929
28438506	934	942	increase	T169	C0442805
28438506	946	962	bystander memory	T043	C0949629
28438506	969	994	CD8(+) T cell populations	T025	C0242629
28438506	1011	1015	DGKα	T116,T126	C3815868
28438506	1018	1027	deficient	T169	C0011155
28438506	1028	1032	mice	T015	C0025929
28438506	1054	1058	DGKζ	T116,T123	C1743812
28438506	1066	1084	cytokine responses	T043	C2247677
28438506	1091	1098	antigen	T129	C0003320
28438506	1112	1118	manner	T169	C0205245
28438506	1120	1128	Cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28438506	1139	1148	expansion	T043	C0007595
28438506	1152	1156	DGKζ	T116,T123	C1743812
28438506	1159	1168	deficient	T169	C0011155
28438506	1169	1183	CD8(+) T cells	T025	C0242629
28438506	1202	1217	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28438506	1221	1248	innate-like cytotoxic cells	T025	C0039195
28438506	1249	1257	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28438506	1295	1302	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28438506	1303	1323	anti-tumor responses	T033	C0243095
28438506	1327	1331	DGKζ	T116,T123	C1743812
28438506	1334	1343	deficient	T169	C0011155
28438506	1344	1348	mice	T015	C0025929
28438506	1368	1378	murine A20	T015	C0026809
28438506	1379	1387	lymphoma	T191	C0024299
28438506	1410	1417	isoform	T116	C0597298
28438506	1420	1428	specific	T080	C0205369
28438506	1429	1437	function	T169	C0542341
28438506	1442	1446	DGKζ	T116,T123	C1743812
28438506	1447	1457	downstream	T082	C0522506
28438506	1461	1465	IL-2	T116,T129	C0021756
28438506	1468	1473	IL-15	T116,T129	C0254610
28438506	1484	1493	expansion	T043	C0007595
28438506	1497	1526	innate-like cytotoxic T cells	T025	C0039195
28438506	1528	1543	Pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28438506	1544	1556	manipulation	T061	C0947647
28438506	1560	1564	DGKζ	T116,T123	C1743812
28438506	1565	1573	activity	T044	C0243102
28438506	1605	1613	cytokine	T116,T129	C0079189
28438506	1624	1645	anti-tumor treatments	T061	C0087111

28438542|t|Identification of low micromolar dual inhibitors for aldose reductase (ALR2) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1) using structure based design approach
28438542|a|Clinical studies have revealed that diabetic retinopathy is a multifactorial disorder. Moreover, studies also suggest that ALR2 and PARP-1 co-occur in retinal cells, making them appropriate targets for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. To find the dual inhibitors of ALR2 and PARP-1, the structure based design was carried out in parallel for both the target proteins. A series of novel thiazolidine-2,4-dione (TZD) derivatives were therefore rationally designed, synthesized and their in vitro inhibitory activities against ALR2 and PARP-1 were evaluated. The experimental results showed that compounds 5b and 5f, with 2-chloro and 4-fluoro substitutions, showed biochemical activities in micromolar and submicromolar range (IC50 1.34-5.03μM) against both the targeted enzymes. The structure-activity relationship elucidated for these novel inhibitors against both the enzymes provide new insight into the binding mode of the inhibitors to the active sites of enzymes. The positive results of the biochemical assay suggest that these compounds may be further optimized and utilized for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
28438542	22	32	micromolar	T081	C0439300
28438542	38	48	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28438542	53	69	aldose reductase	T116,T126	C0002003
28438542	71	75	ALR2	T116,T126	C0002003
28438542	81	109	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase	T116,T126	C0032405
28438542	111	117	PARP-1	T116,T126	C0032405
28438542	125	134	structure	T082	C0678594
28438542	141	147	design	T052	C1707689
28438542	157	173	Clinical studies	T062	C0008972
28438542	193	213	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
28438542	234	242	disorder	T047	C0012634
28438542	280	284	ALR2	T116,T126	C0002003
28438542	289	295	PARP-1	T116,T126	C0032405
28438542	308	315	retinal	T023	C0035298
28438542	316	321	cells	T025	C0007634
28438542	347	354	targets	T169	C1521840
28438542	363	372	treatment	T061	C0087111
28438542	376	396	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
28438542	415	425	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28438542	429	433	ALR2	T116,T126	C0002003
28438542	438	444	PARP-1	T116,T126	C0032405
28438542	450	459	structure	T082	C0678594
28438542	466	472	design	T052	C1707689
28438542	514	520	target	T169	C1521840
28438542	521	529	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28438542	549	571	thiazolidine-2,4-dione	T109	C1568506
28438542	573	576	TZD	T109	C1568506
28438542	578	589	derivatives	T169	C1527240
28438542	616	624	designed	T052	C1707689
28438542	626	637	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28438542	648	656	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28438542	657	678	inhibitory activities	T044	C1152555
28438542	687	691	ALR2	T116,T126	C0002003
28438542	696	702	PARP-1	T116,T126	C0032405
28438542	723	743	experimental results	T033	C2825142
28438542	756	768	compounds 5b	T121	C1254351
28438542	773	775	5f	T121	C1254351
28438542	826	837	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28438542	838	848	activities	T052	C0441655
28438542	852	862	micromolar	T081	C0439300
28438542	867	880	submicromolar	T081	C0439300
28438542	881	886	range	T081	C1514721
28438542	888	892	IC50	T081	C0600495
28438542	923	931	targeted	T169	C1521840
28438542	932	939	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28438542	945	976	structure-activity relationship	T080	C0038477
28438542	1004	1014	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28438542	1032	1039	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28438542	1069	1076	binding	T044	C1167622
28438542	1077	1081	mode	T169	C1513371
28438542	1089	1099	inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28438542	1107	1119	active sites	T169	C0205681
28438542	1123	1130	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28438542	1136	1144	positive	T033	C1446409
28438542	1145	1152	results	T033	C0683954
28438542	1160	1171	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28438542	1172	1177	assay	T059	C0005507
28438542	1197	1206	compounds	T121	C1254351
28438542	1222	1231	optimized	T052	C2698650
28438542	1236	1244	utilized	T169	C0042153
28438542	1253	1262	treatment	T061	C0087111
28438542	1266	1286	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884

28438558|t|Cooling Down Thermomorphogenesis by UV-B Signaling
28438558|a|PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) is a key transcriptional regulator promoting plant responses to elevated ambient temperatures. A recent study reported that the ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B) photoreceptor UVR8 signaling pathway inhibits PIF4 via multiple mechanisms to repress plant responses to high ambient temperatures.
28438558	0	12	Cooling Down	T070	C0678568
28438558	13	32	Thermomorphogenesis	T040	C0026559
28438558	36	50	UV-B Signaling	T070	C0564461
28438558	51	83	PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4	T116,T123	C1432491
28438558	85	89	PIF4	T116,T123	C1432491
28438558	100	125	transcriptional regulator	T045	C1152944
28438558	126	135	promoting	T052	C0033414
28438558	136	141	plant	T002	C0032098
28438558	142	151	responses	T032	C0871261
28438558	155	163	elevated	T080	C3163633
28438558	164	184	ambient temperatures	T070	C0428692
28438558	219	242	ultraviolet B radiation	T070	C0564461
28438558	244	248	UV-B	T070	C0564461
28438558	250	263	photoreceptor	T025	C0031760
28438558	264	268	UVR8	T116,T123	C2002445
28438558	269	286	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28438558	287	295	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28438558	296	300	PIF4	T116,T123	C1432491
28438558	314	324	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28438558	328	335	repress	T039	C0301628
28438558	336	341	plant	T002	C0032098
28438558	342	351	responses	T032	C0871261
28438558	355	359	high	T080	C0205250
28438558	360	380	ambient temperatures	T070	C0428692

28438945|t|Multi-hospital occurrence of pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147 with an ISEcp1 -directed blaOXA-181 insertion into the mgrB gene in the United Arab Emirates
28438945|a|The emergence of pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains is an increasing concern. In the current study we describe a cluster of 9 pan-resistant K. pneumoniae ST147 isolates encountered in 4 patients over nearly one year in 3 hospitals of the United Arab Emirates. The isolates exhibited highly similar genotypes. All produced chromosomally encoded OXA-181 and the majority also produced the NDM-5 carbapenemase. Similarly to the previously described single isolate from the UAE, MS6671, the mgrB was disrupted by a functional, ISEcp1 -driven blaOXA-181 insertion causing resistance to carbapenems. The mutation was successfully complemented with an intact mgrB gene indicating that it was responsible for colistin resistance. blaNDM-5 was located within a resistance island of an approximately 100 kb IncFII plasmid carrying ermB, mph(A), blaTEM-1B, rmtB, blaNDM-5, sul1, aadA2 and dfrA12 resistance genes. Sequencing this plasmid (pABC143-NDM) revealed that its backbone was nearly identical to that of plasmid pMS6671E from which several resistance genes, including blaNDM-5, had been deleted. More extensive similarities of the backbone and the resistance island were found between pABC143C-NDM and the blaNDM-5 carrying IncFII plasmids of two K. pneumoniae ST147 isolates from South Korea, one of which was colistin resistant, and both also produced OXA-181. Notably one of these strains was isolated from a patient transferred from the UAE. Our data show that this pan-resistant clone has an alarming capacity to maintain itself over an extended period of time, and even likely to be transmitted internationally.
28438945	0	14	Multi-hospital	T093	C0026745
28438945	15	25	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28438945	29	42	pan-resistant	T038	C0013203
28438945	43	70	Klebsiella pneumoniae ST147	T007	C0001699
28438945	79	85	ISEcp1	T114,T123	C0205742
28438945	96	106	blaOXA-181	T028	C0017337
28438945	107	116	insertion	T049	C1955829
28438945	126	135	mgrB gene	T028	C0017337
28438945	143	163	United Arab Emirates	T083	C0041698
28438945	181	194	pan-resistant	T038	C0013203
28438945	195	224	Klebsiella pneumoniae strains	T007	C0001699
28438945	299	312	pan-resistant	T038	C0013203
28438945	313	341	K. pneumoniae ST147 isolates	T007	C0001699
28438945	359	367	patients	T101	C0030705
28438945	384	388	year	T079	C0439234
28438945	394	403	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28438945	411	431	United Arab Emirates	T083	C0041698
28438945	437	445	isolates	T007	C0001699
28438945	471	480	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28438945	495	508	chromosomally	T026	C0008633
28438945	517	524	OXA-181	T116,T126	C1447565
28438945	560	579	NDM-5 carbapenemase	T116,T126	C0246081
28438945	626	633	isolate	T007	C0001699
28438945	643	646	UAE	T083	C0041698
28438945	648	654	MS6671	T007	C0001699
28438945	660	664	mgrB	T028	C0017337
28438945	696	702	ISEcp1	T114,T123	C0205742
28438945	711	721	blaOXA-181	T028	C0017337
28438945	722	731	insertion	T049	C1955829
28438945	740	750	resistance	T038	C0013203
28438945	754	765	carbapenems	T109,T195	C0006968
28438945	771	779	mutation	T045	C0026882
28438945	825	834	mgrB gene	T028	C0017337
28438945	874	882	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
28438945	883	893	resistance	T038	C0013203
28438945	895	903	blaNDM-5	T028	C3699343
28438945	925	942	resistance island	T114,T123	C1257892
28438945	970	984	IncFII plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28438945	994	998	ermB	T028	C0017337
28438945	1000	1006	mph(A)	T028	C0017337
28438945	1008	1017	blaTEM-1B	T028	C0017337
28438945	1019	1023	rmtB	T028	C0017337
28438945	1025	1033	blaNDM-5	T028	C3699343
28438945	1035	1039	sul1	T028	C0017337
28438945	1041	1046	aadA2	T028	C0017337
28438945	1051	1057	dfrA12	T028	C0017337
28438945	1058	1074	resistance genes	T028	C2945710
28438945	1076	1086	Sequencing	T059	C1294197
28438945	1092	1099	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28438945	1101	1112	pABC143-NDM	T114,T123	C0032136
28438945	1132	1140	backbone	T086	C0004793
28438945	1173	1189	plasmid pMS6671E	T114,T123	C0032136
28438945	1209	1225	resistance genes	T028	C2945710
28438945	1237	1245	blaNDM-5	T028	C3699343
28438945	1280	1292	similarities	T080	C2348205
28438945	1300	1308	backbone	T086	C0004793
28438945	1317	1334	resistance island	T114,T123	C1257892
28438945	1354	1366	pABC143C-NDM	T114,T123	C0032136
28438945	1375	1383	blaNDM-5	T028	C3699343
28438945	1393	1408	IncFII plasmids	T114,T123	C0032136
28438945	1416	1444	K. pneumoniae ST147 isolates	T007	C0001699
28438945	1450	1461	South Korea	T083	C0022773
28438945	1480	1488	colistin	T116,T195	C0009316
28438945	1489	1498	resistant	T169	C0332325
28438945	1523	1530	OXA-181	T116,T126	C1447565
28438945	1553	1560	strains	T007	C0001699
28438945	1581	1588	patient	T101	C0030705
28438945	1589	1600	transferred	T033	C4049693
28438945	1610	1613	UAE	T083	C0041698
28438945	1619	1623	data	T078	C1511726
28438945	1639	1652	pan-resistant	T038	C0013203
28438945	1653	1658	clone	T007	C0001699
28438945	1687	1702	maintain itself	T169	C0220921
28438945	1720	1734	period of time	T079	C1948053
28438945	1770	1785	internationally	T078	C1512888

28438975|t|Galectin-3 is a target for proteases involved in the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus
28438975|a|Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of skin and soft-tissue infection. The bacterium expresses four major proteases emerging as virulence factors; aureolysin (Aur), V8 protease (SspA), staphopain A (ScpA), and staphopain B (SspB). We hypothesized that human galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin involved in immune regulation and antimicrobial defense, is a target for these proteases, and that proteolysis of galectin-3 is a novel immune evasion mechanism. Indeed, supernatants from laboratory strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus caused galectin-3 degradation. Similar proteolytic capacity was found in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates, but not Staphylococcus saprophyticus Galectin-3 -induced activation of the neutrophil NADPH-oxidase was abrogated by bacteria -derived proteolysis of galectin-3, and SspB was identified as the major protease responsible. The impact of galectin-3 and protease expression on S. aureus virulence was studied in a murine skin infection model. In galectin-3(+/+) mice, SspB - expressing S. aureus caused larger lesions and higher bacterial load than protease-lacking bacteria. No such difference was detected in galectin-3(-/-) mice, which also showed smaller lesion size as compared to the galectin-3(+/+) animals. In conclusion, the staphylococcal protease SspB inactivates galectin-3, abrogating its stimulation of oxygen radical production in human neutrophils and increasing tissue damage during skin infection.
28438975	0	10	Galectin-3	T116,T129	C0245382
28438975	16	22	target	T169	C1521840
28438975	27	36	proteases	T116,T126	C0030940
28438975	53	62	virulence	T038	C0042765
28438975	66	87	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28438975	88	109	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28438975	115	120	major	T080	C0205164
28438975	130	134	skin	T047	C0037278
28438975	139	160	soft-tissue infection	T047	C0149778
28438975	166	175	bacterium	T007	C0004611
28438975	176	185	expresses	T045	C1171362
28438975	191	196	major	T080	C0205164
28438975	197	206	proteases	T116,T126	C0030940
28438975	219	236	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
28438975	238	248	aureolysin	T116,T126	C0759663
28438975	250	253	Aur	T116,T126	C0759663
28438975	256	267	V8 protease	T116,T126	C0163582
28438975	269	273	SspA	T116,T126	C0163582
28438975	276	288	staphopain A	T116,T126	C1570150
28438975	290	294	ScpA	T116,T126	C1570150
28438975	301	313	staphopain B	T116,T126	C1313435
28438975	315	319	SspB	T116,T126	C1313435
28438975	343	359	human galectin-3	T116,T123	C3710772
28438975	363	391	β-galactoside-binding lectin	T116,T123	C0607430
28438975	404	421	immune regulation	T040	C1327458
28438975	426	447	antimicrobial defense	T201	C1456627
28438975	454	460	target	T169	C1521840
28438975	471	480	proteases	T116,T126	C0030940
28438975	491	502	proteolysis	T044	C0597304
28438975	506	516	galectin-3	T116,T129	C0245382
28438975	522	527	novel	T080	C0205314
28438975	528	542	immune evasion	T040	C1654934
28438975	543	552	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28438975	562	574	supernatants	T031	C1550101
28438975	580	598	laboratory strains	T059	C0487602
28438975	603	620	clinical isolates	T123	C3494793
28438975	624	633	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28438975	641	651	galectin-3	T116,T129	C0245382
28438975	652	663	degradation	T044	C0597304
28438975	673	693	proteolytic capacity	T044	C1514570
28438975	707	733	Staphylococcus epidermidis	T007	C0038174
28438975	707	742	Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates	T123	C3494793
28438975	752	780	Staphylococcus saprophyticus	T007	C0318112
28438975	781	791	Galectin-3	T116,T129	C0245382
28438975	801	811	activation	T045	C0599177
28438975	819	829	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
28438975	830	843	NADPH-oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
28438975	848	857	abrogated	T080	C0311403
28438975	861	869	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28438975	879	890	proteolysis	T044	C0597304
28438975	894	904	galectin-3	T116,T129	C0245382
28438975	910	914	SspB	T116,T126	C4043448
28438975	919	929	identified	T080	C0205396
28438975	937	942	major	T080	C0205164
28438975	943	951	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28438975	952	963	responsible	T033	C1273518
28438975	969	975	impact	T080	C4049986
28438975	979	989	galectin-3	T116,T129	C0245382
28438975	994	1002	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28438975	1003	1013	expression	T045	C1171362
28438975	1017	1026	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28438975	1017	1036	S. aureus virulence	T034	C1829683
28438975	1054	1060	murine	T015	C0025929
28438975	1061	1075	skin infection	T047	C0037278
28438975	1076	1081	model	T050	C2986594
28438975	1086	1101	galectin-3(+/+)	T028	C1416831
28438975	1102	1106	mice	T015	C0025929
28438975	1108	1112	SspB	T116,T126	C4043448
28438975	1115	1125	expressing	T045	C1171362
28438975	1126	1135	S. aureus	T007	C0038172
28438975	1143	1157	larger lesions	T033	C0221198
28438975	1162	1183	higher bacterial load	T081	C2936404
28438975	1189	1205	protease-lacking	T169	C0011155
28438975	1206	1214	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28438975	1224	1234	difference	T080	C1705242
28438975	1239	1247	detected	T033	C0442726
28438975	1251	1266	galectin-3(-/-)	T028	C1416831
28438975	1267	1271	mice	T015	C0206745
28438975	1291	1298	smaller	T080	C0547044
28438975	1299	1310	lesion size	T082	C0449453
28438975	1330	1345	galectin-3(+/+)	T028	C1416831
28438975	1346	1353	animals	T008	C0003062
28438975	1358	1368	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28438975	1374	1397	staphylococcal protease	T116,T126	C0143587
28438975	1398	1402	SspB	T116,T126	C1313435
28438975	1403	1414	inactivates	T169	C0544461
28438975	1415	1425	galectin-3	T116,T129	C0245382
28438975	1427	1437	abrogating	T080	C0311403
28438975	1442	1453	stimulation	UnknownType	C0678668
28438975	1457	1471	oxygen radical	T123	C0178645
28438975	1472	1482	production	T169	C1522492
28438975	1486	1503	human neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28438975	1508	1518	increasing	T169	C0442808
28438975	1519	1532	tissue damage	T037	C0010957
28438975	1540	1554	skin infection	T047	C0162627

28439067|t|Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS)- induced Sertoli cell injury through a disruption of F-actin and microtubule organization is mediated by Akt1 / 2
28439067|a|PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonate, or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid) is an anthropogenic fluorosurfactant widely used in consumer products. While its use in Europe, Canada and the U.S. has been banned due to its human toxicity, it continues to be used in China and other developing countries as a global pollutant. Herein, using an in vitro model of Sertoli cell blood-testis barrier (BTB), PFOS was found to induce Sertoli cell injury by perturbing actin cytoskeleton through changes in the spatial expression of actin regulatory proteins. Specifically, PFOS caused mis-localization of Arp3 (actin-related protein 3, a branched actin polymerization protein) and palladin (an actin bundling protein). These disruptive changes thus led to a dis-organization of F-actin across Sertoli cell cytosol, causing truncation of actin microfilament, thereby failing to support the Sertoli cell morphology and adhesion protein complexes (e.g., occludin - ZO-1, CAR - ZO-1, and N-cadherin - ß-catenin), through a down-regulation of p-Akt1-S473 and p-Akt2-S474. The use of SC79, an Akt1 / 2 inhibitor, was found to block the PFOS - induced Sertoli cell injury by rescuing the PFOS - induced F-actin dis-organization. These findings thus illustrate PFOS exerts its disruptive effects on Sertoli cell function downstream through Akt1 / 2. As such, PFOS - induced male reproductive dysfunction can possibly be managed through an intervention on Akt1 / 2 expression.
28439067	0	24	Perfluorooctanesulfonate	T109,T121	C1872584
28439067	26	30	PFOS	T109,T121	C1872584
28439067	33	40	induced	T169	C0205263
28439067	41	53	Sertoli cell	T025	C0036770
28439067	54	60	injury	T037	C3263722
28439067	71	81	disruption	T169	C0332453
28439067	85	92	F-actin	T116,T123	C1180307
28439067	97	108	microtubule	T026	C0026046
28439067	109	121	organization	T039	C0029237
28439067	125	133	mediated	T054	C0680727
28439067	137	141	Akt1	T116,T126	C0285558
28439067	144	145	2	T116,T126	C1312419
28439067	146	150	PFOS	T109,T121	C1872584
28439067	152	176	perfluorooctanesulfonate	T109,T121	C1872584
28439067	181	210	perfluorooctane sulfonic acid	T109,T121	C0172926
28439067	218	231	anthropogenic	T078	C1254370
28439067	232	248	fluorosurfactant	T120	C0038891
28439067	264	281	consumer products	T080	C0596381
28439067	300	306	Europe	T083	C0015176
28439067	308	314	Canada	T083	C0006823
28439067	323	326	U.S	T083	C0041703
28439067	337	343	banned	T054	C0683610
28439067	355	369	human toxicity	T080	C0040539
28439067	398	403	China	T083	C0008115
28439067	414	434	developing countries	T080	C0011750
28439067	440	456	global pollutant	T131	C0599786
28439067	475	489	in vitro model	T062	C1515654
28439067	493	505	Sertoli cell	T025	C0036770
28439067	506	526	blood-testis barrier	T042	C0005856
28439067	528	531	BTB	T042	C0005856
28439067	534	538	PFOS	T109,T121	C1872584
28439067	552	558	induce	T169	C0205263
28439067	559	571	Sertoli cell	T025	C0036770
28439067	572	578	injury	T037	C3263722
28439067	582	592	perturbing	T169	C0332453
28439067	593	611	actin cytoskeleton	T026	C0025979
28439067	643	653	expression	T045	C1171362
28439067	657	662	actin	T116,T123	C0001271
28439067	663	682	regulatory proteins	T116,T123	C0815047
28439067	698	702	PFOS	T109,T121	C1872584
28439067	710	726	mis-localization	T039	C1254359
28439067	730	734	Arp3	T116,T123	C0676794
28439067	736	759	actin-related protein 3	T116,T123	C0676794
28439067	763	800	branched actin polymerization protein	T116,T123	C0676794
28439067	806	814	palladin	T116	C2703161
28439067	819	841	actin bundling protein	T116,T123	C1179885
28439067	850	868	disruptive changes	T033	C0474416
28439067	883	899	dis-organization	T039	C1254359
28439067	903	910	F-actin	T116,T123	C1180307
28439067	918	930	Sertoli cell	T025	C0036770
28439067	931	938	cytosol	T026	C1383501
28439067	948	981	truncation of actin microfilament	T049	C1706395
28439067	1014	1026	Sertoli cell	T025	C0036770
28439067	1027	1037	morphology	T080	C0332437
28439067	1042	1068	adhesion protein complexes	T026	C3821354
28439067	1076	1084	occludin	T116,T192	C0250400
28439067	1087	1091	ZO-1	T116,T123	C3503764
28439067	1093	1096	CAR	T116,T123	C3539542
28439067	1099	1103	ZO-1	T116,T123	C3503764
28439067	1109	1119	N-cadherin	T116,T123	C0027215
28439067	1122	1131	ß-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
28439067	1144	1159	down-regulation	T044	C0013081
28439067	1163	1174	p-Akt1-S473	T116	C3699952
28439067	1179	1190	p-Akt2-S474	T116,T126	C1312419
28439067	1203	1207	SC79	T109	C4307495
28439067	1212	1216	Akt1	T116,T126	C0285558
28439067	1219	1220	2	T116,T126	C1312419
28439067	1221	1230	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28439067	1245	1250	block	T046	C0028778
28439067	1255	1259	PFOS	T109,T121	C1872584
28439067	1262	1269	induced	T169	C0205263
28439067	1270	1282	Sertoli cell	T025	C0036770
28439067	1283	1289	injury	T037	C3263722
28439067	1306	1310	PFOS	T109,T121	C1872584
28439067	1313	1320	induced	T169	C0205263
28439067	1321	1328	F-actin	T116,T123	C1180307
28439067	1329	1345	dis-organization	T039	C1254359
28439067	1378	1382	PFOS	T109,T121	C1872584
28439067	1383	1389	exerts	T040	C0015264
28439067	1394	1412	disruptive effects	T033	C0474416
28439067	1416	1428	Sertoli cell	T025	C0036770
28439067	1429	1437	function	T169	C0542341
28439067	1457	1461	Akt1	T116,T126	C0285558
28439067	1464	1465	2	T116,T126	C1312419
28439067	1476	1480	PFOS	T109,T121	C1872584
28439067	1483	1490	induced	T169	C0205263
28439067	1491	1508	male reproductive	T022	C1963704
28439067	1509	1520	dysfunction	T077	C3887504
28439067	1556	1568	intervention	T061	C0184661
28439067	1572	1576	Akt1	T116,T126	C0285558
28439067	1579	1580	2	T116,T126	C1312419
28439067	1581	1591	expression	T045	C1171362

28439713|t|Personalized axillary dissection: the number of excised lymph nodes of nodal-positive breast cancer patients has no significant impact on relapse-free and overall survival
28439713|a|Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for the staging of clinically node-negative breast cancer patients (BCP), demonstrating equivalent survival to ALND while resulting in reduced morbidity. ALND has remained the standard of care for the majority of BCP with clinical axillary metastases or metastases found on SLN biopsy. More recently, it is debated whether ALND could be avoided not only in SLN - negative BCP but also in selected SLN - positive disease or even in all patients. This analysis of pN+ BCP shows the impact of the number of excised lymph nodes on RFS and OAS adjusted by age, tumor size, intrinsic subtypes and adjuvant systemic therapy. In this retrospective, multicenter cohort study, we investigated data from 2992 pN+ primary BCP recruited from 17 participating certified breast cancer centers in Germany between 2001 and 2008 within the BRENDA study group. The median number of excised lymph nodes was 17. The number of excised lymph nodes was neither significant for RFS (p = 0.085) nor for OAS (p = 0.285). Adjustments were made for age, tumor size and intrinsic subtypes. The most important significant parameters for RFS were intrinsic subtypes (p < 0.001) and tumor size (p < 0.001) and for OAS age (p < 0.001) and intrinsic subtypes (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in RFS and OAS in any subgroup stratified by the number of excised lymph nodes. Only for T3 / T4 tumors, there is a very small significant advantage of ALND for RFS but not for OAS. After adjusting in addition by guideline adherence of adjuvant systemic therapy (AST), intrinsic subtypes and guideline-adherent AST are the most important significant (p < 0.001) parameters for RFS and OAS. The number of excised lymph nodes of pN+ BCP neither correlates with RFS nor with OAS. Survival of pN+ BCP is primarily determined by the biology and the guideline-adherent AST based on the corresponding intrinsic subtypes. These results support the omission of a radical ALND at least for pN+ patients scheduled for breast-conserving surgery (not mastectomy), provided they receive whole breast irradiation and guideline-adherent AST.
28439713	13	32	axillary dissection	T061	C0193867
28439713	48	55	excised	T061	C0728940
28439713	56	67	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28439713	71	99	nodal-positive breast cancer	T191	C3160887
28439713	100	108	patients	T101	C1516213
28439713	128	134	impact	T080	C4049986
28439713	138	150	relapse-free	T081	C0242793
28439713	155	171	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28439713	172	191	Sentinel lymph node	T023	C1522495
28439713	193	196	SLN	T023	C1522495
28439713	198	204	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28439713	218	248	axillary lymph node dissection	T061	C0193867
28439713	250	254	ALND	T061	C0193867
28439713	264	271	staging	T185	C0178759
28439713	275	285	clinically	T080	C0205210
28439713	286	313	node-negative breast cancer	T191	C3160889
28439713	314	322	patients	T101	C1516213
28439713	324	327	BCP	T101	C1516213
28439713	367	371	ALND	T061	C0193867
28439713	391	398	reduced	T080	C0392756
28439713	399	408	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28439713	410	414	ALND	T061	C0193867
28439713	469	472	BCP	T101	C1516213
28439713	478	486	clinical	T080	C0205210
28439713	487	506	axillary metastases	T191	C0684830
28439713	510	520	metastases	T191	C0027627
28439713	530	533	SLN	T023	C1522495
28439713	534	540	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28439713	579	583	ALND	T061	C0193867
28439713	613	616	SLN	T023	C1522495
28439713	619	627	negative	T033	C0205160
28439713	628	631	BCP	T101	C1516213
28439713	653	656	SLN	T023	C1522495
28439713	659	667	positive	T033	C1446409
28439713	668	675	disease	T047	C0012634
28439713	691	699	patients	T101	C0030705
28439713	718	725	pN+ BCP	T101	C1516213
28439713	736	742	impact	T080	C4049986
28439713	760	767	excised	T061	C0728940
28439713	768	779	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28439713	783	786	RFS	T081	C0242793
28439713	791	794	OAS	T081	C4086681
28439713	807	810	age	T032	C0001779
28439713	812	822	tumor size	T082	C0475440
28439713	824	833	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28439713	834	842	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28439713	847	872	adjuvant systemic therapy	T061	C0677850
28439713	882	895	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28439713	897	908	multicenter	T062	C1096776
28439713	909	921	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28439713	939	943	data	T078	C1511726
28439713	954	969	pN+ primary BCP	T101	C1516213
28439713	1012	1033	breast cancer centers	T073,T093	C1516604
28439713	1037	1044	Germany	T083	C0017480
28439713	1078	1084	BRENDA	T170	C0021428
28439713	1085	1096	study group	UnknownType	C0681860
28439713	1102	1115	median number	T081	C0876920
28439713	1119	1126	excised	T061	C0728940
28439713	1127	1138	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28439713	1161	1168	excised	T061	C0728940
28439713	1169	1180	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28439713	1209	1212	RFS	T081	C0242793
28439713	1233	1236	OAS	T081	C4086681
28439713	1276	1279	age	T032	C0001779
28439713	1281	1291	tumor size	T082	C0475440
28439713	1296	1305	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28439713	1306	1314	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28439713	1362	1365	RFS	T081	C0242793
28439713	1371	1380	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28439713	1381	1389	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28439713	1406	1416	tumor size	T082	C0475440
28439713	1437	1440	OAS	T081	C4086681
28439713	1441	1444	age	T032	C0001779
28439713	1461	1470	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28439713	1471	1479	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28439713	1534	1537	RFS	T081	C0242793
28439713	1542	1545	OAS	T081	C4086681
28439713	1590	1597	excised	T061	C0728940
28439713	1598	1609	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28439713	1620	1622	T3	T033	C0475374
28439713	1625	1634	T4 tumors	T033	C0475751
28439713	1683	1687	ALND	T061	C0193867
28439713	1692	1695	RFS	T081	C0242793
28439713	1708	1711	OAS	T081	C4086681
28439713	1744	1763	guideline adherence	T064	C0525059
28439713	1767	1792	adjuvant systemic therapy	T061	C0677850
28439713	1794	1797	AST	T061	C0677850
28439713	1800	1809	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28439713	1810	1818	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28439713	1823	1841	guideline-adherent	T064	C0525059
28439713	1842	1845	AST	T061	C0677850
28439713	1908	1911	RFS	T081	C0242793
28439713	1916	1919	OAS	T081	C4086681
28439713	1935	1942	excised	T061	C0728940
28439713	1943	1954	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28439713	1943	1954	lymph nodes	T023	C0024204
28439713	1958	1965	pN+ BCP	T101	C1516213
28439713	1990	1993	RFS	T081	C0242793
28439713	2003	2006	OAS	T081	C4086681
28439713	2020	2027	pN+ BCP	T101	C1516213
28439713	2059	2066	biology	T090	C0678657
28439713	2075	2093	guideline-adherent	T064	C0525059
28439713	2094	2097	AST	T061	C0677850
28439713	2125	2134	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28439713	2135	2143	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28439713	2171	2179	omission	T033	C3845736
28439713	2185	2192	radical	T080	C0439807
28439713	2193	2197	ALND	T061	C0193867
28439713	2211	2223	pN+ patients	T101	C1516213
28439713	2238	2263	breast-conserving surgery	T061	C0917927
28439713	2269	2279	mastectomy	T061	C0024881
28439713	2304	2328	whole breast irradiation	T061	C3897169
28439713	2333	2351	guideline-adherent	T064	C0525059
28439713	2352	2355	AST	T061	C0677850

28439925|t|Work-related psychosocial stress and the risk of type 2 diabetes in later life
28439925|a|Although work-related psychosocial stress and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been investigated, the association between lifelong work stress and T2DM in later life remains unclear. This study examined whether high work stress increased the risk of T2DM risk in later life, accounting also for other sources of stress outside work, such as burden from household chores. From the population -based prospective study SNAC-K, 2719 diabetes-free participants aged ≥60 years were identified and followed up for 6 years. T2DM was ascertained by glycated haemoglobin level, self-report, hypoglycaemic medication use and clinical records. Levels of job control and demands over the whole working life were assessed by a validated matrix. Household chores load was assessed by hours spent on such chores. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between job strain and T2DM. During the 6- year follow-up, 154 incident cases of T2DM were identified. High job strain was associated with T2DM occurrence amongst the 60- year - old cohort (OR = 3.14, 95% CI: 1.27-7.77), and only amongst women (OR = 6.18, 95% CI: 1.22-31.26), but not in men. When taking into account household chores load, a more pronounced risk of T2DM was associated with high job strain in combination with heavy household chores load in women aged 60 years at baseline (OR = 9.45, 95% CI: 1.17-76.53). Work-related psychosocial stress may increase the risk of T2DM only amongst women in their early 60s. The risk can be amplified by high household chores load.
28439925	0	12	Work-related	T033	C1698590
28439925	13	32	psychosocial stress	UnknownType	C0679118
28439925	41	45	risk	T078	C0035647
28439925	49	64	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28439925	68	73	later	T079	C0205087
28439925	74	78	life	T078	C0376558
28439925	88	100	work-related	T033	C1698590
28439925	101	120	psychosocial stress	UnknownType	C0679118
28439925	125	149	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28439925	151	155	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28439925	167	179	investigated	T169	C1292732
28439925	185	196	association	T080	C0439849
28439925	205	213	lifelong	T079	C4274169
28439925	214	225	work stress	T033	C0344330
28439925	230	234	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28439925	238	243	later	T079	C0205087
28439925	244	248	life	T078	C0376558
28439925	257	264	unclear	T033	C3845108
28439925	271	276	study	T062	C2603343
28439925	277	285	examined	T033	C0332128
28439925	294	298	high	T080	C0205250
28439925	299	310	work stress	T033	C0344330
28439925	311	320	increased	T081	C0205217
28439925	325	329	risk	T078	C0035647
28439925	333	337	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28439925	338	342	risk	T078	C0035647
28439925	346	351	later	T079	C0205087
28439925	352	356	life	T078	C0376558
28439925	384	391	sources	T033	C0449416
28439925	395	401	stress	T033	C0038435
28439925	410	414	work	T057	C0043227
28439925	424	430	burden	T078	C2828008
28439925	436	452	household chores	T056	C0001288
28439925	463	473	population	T098	C1257890
28439925	481	498	prospective study	T062	C2603343
28439925	499	505	SNAC-K	T062	C0023981
28439925	512	538	diabetes-free participants	T098	C0679646
28439925	539	543	aged	T032	C0001779
28439925	548	553	years	T079	C0439234
28439925	559	569	identified	T080	C0205396
28439925	574	585	followed up	T058	C1522577
28439925	592	597	years	T079	C0439234
28439925	599	603	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28439925	608	622	ascertained by	T080	C0521093
28439925	623	643	glycated haemoglobin	T116,T123	C0017853
28439925	644	649	level	T080	C0441889
28439925	651	662	self-report	T062	C2700446
28439925	664	688	hypoglycaemic medication	T121	C0020616
28439925	689	692	use	T169	C0457083
28439925	697	713	clinical records	T170	C1299495
28439925	715	721	Levels	T080	C0441889
28439925	725	736	job control	T033	C0243095
28439925	741	748	demands	T033	C4062503
28439925	764	771	working	T057	C0043227
28439925	772	776	life	T078	C0376558
28439925	782	790	assessed	T052	C1516048
28439925	796	812	validated matrix	T062,T170	C0681836
28439925	814	830	Household chores	T056	C0001288
28439925	831	835	load	T081	C0085122
28439925	840	848	assessed	T052	C1516048
28439925	852	857	hours	T079	C0439227
28439925	872	878	chores	T056	C0026606
28439925	880	919	Multivariate logistic regression models	T081,T170	C0023965
28439925	933	941	estimate	T081	C0750572
28439925	946	957	association	T080	C0439849
28439925	966	976	job strain	T184	C2985217
28439925	981	985	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28439925	1001	1005	year	T079	C0439234
28439925	1006	1015	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28439925	1021	1029	incident	T067	C1551358
28439925	1030	1035	cases	T169	C0868928
28439925	1039	1043	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28439925	1049	1059	identified	T080	C0205396
28439925	1061	1065	High	T080	C0205250
28439925	1066	1076	job strain	T184	C2985217
28439925	1081	1096	associated with	T080	C0332281
28439925	1097	1101	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28439925	1102	1112	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28439925	1129	1133	year	T079	C0439234
28439925	1136	1146	old cohort	T098	C0599755
28439925	1148	1150	OR	T081	C0028873
28439925	1163	1165	CI	T081	C0009667
28439925	1196	1201	women	T098	C0043210
28439925	1203	1205	OR	T081	C0028873
28439925	1218	1220	CI	T081	C0009667
28439925	1246	1249	men	T098	C0025266
28439925	1276	1292	household chores	T056	C0001288
28439925	1293	1297	load	T081	C0085122
28439925	1317	1321	risk	T078	C0035647
28439925	1325	1329	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28439925	1334	1349	associated with	T080	C0332281
28439925	1350	1354	high	T080	C0205250
28439925	1355	1365	job strain	T184	C2985217
28439925	1369	1380	combination	T080	C0205195
28439925	1392	1408	household chores	T056	C0001288
28439925	1409	1413	load	T081	C0085122
28439925	1417	1422	women	T098	C0043210
28439925	1431	1436	years	T079	C0439234
28439925	1440	1448	baseline	T081	C1442488
28439925	1450	1452	OR	T081	C0028873
28439925	1465	1467	CI	T081	C0009667
28439925	1482	1494	Work-related	T033	C1698590
28439925	1495	1514	psychosocial stress	UnknownType	C0679118
28439925	1519	1527	increase	T169	C0442805
28439925	1532	1536	risk	T078	C0035647
28439925	1540	1544	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28439925	1558	1563	women	T098	C0043210
28439925	1588	1592	risk	T078	C0035647
28439925	1600	1609	amplified	T169	C0442805
28439925	1613	1617	high	T080	C0205250
28439925	1618	1634	household chores	T056	C0001288
28439925	1635	1639	load	T081	C0085122

28440090|t|Spermatocytic Tumor With Sarcoma: A Rare Testicular Neoplasm
28440090|a|Spermatocytic tumor, formerly known as spermatocytic seminoma, is an uncommon testicular neoplasm which is a distinct clinicopathologic entity from classic seminoma. These tumors are not associated with germ cell neoplasia in situ, other germ cell tumors, or isochromosome 12p. Although typically, these tumors have an excellent prognosis occasional cases are associated with sarcoma and have a very poor prognosis. We present a case of spermatocytic tumor with sarcoma showing a chondrosarcomatous component, discuss the pathologic findings and differential diagnosis and provide follow-up information.
28440090	0	19	Spermatocytic Tumor	T191	C0334517
28440090	25	32	Sarcoma	T191	C1261473
28440090	36	40	Rare	T080	C0522498
28440090	41	60	Testicular Neoplasm	T191	C0039590
28440090	61	80	Spermatocytic tumor	T191	C0334517
28440090	100	122	spermatocytic seminoma	T191	C0334517
28440090	130	138	uncommon	T080	C0522498
28440090	139	158	testicular neoplasm	T191	C0039590
28440090	179	203	clinicopathologic entity	T169	C0205469
28440090	217	225	seminoma	T191	C0036631
28440090	233	239	tumors	T191	C0027651
28440090	264	283	germ cell neoplasia	T191	C4021985
28440090	299	315	germ cell tumors	T191	C0205851
28440090	320	337	isochromosome 12p	T049	C1515647
28440090	365	371	tumors	T191	C0027651
28440090	380	389	excellent	T080	C1961136
28440090	390	399	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28440090	400	416	occasional cases	T169	C0868928
28440090	421	436	associated with	T080	C0332281
28440090	437	444	sarcoma	T191	C1261473
28440090	456	475	very poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
28440090	490	494	case	T077	C1706256
28440090	498	517	spermatocytic tumor	T191	C0334517
28440090	523	530	sarcoma	T191	C1261473
28440090	541	569	chondrosarcomatous component	T191	C0008479
28440090	583	602	pathologic findings	T033	C1317598
28440090	607	629	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
28440090	642	651	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28440090	652	663	information	T078	C1533716

28440108|t|Microbiology of the Upper and Lower Airways in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients
28440108|a|Objective To evaluate the microbiology of the upper and lower airways in pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients who underwent sinus surgery. Study Design Retrospective case series with chart review. Setting Tertiary care children's hospital. Subjects and Methods A total of 201 paired sinus and pulmonary cultures from 105 CF patients were identified between 1996 and 2014. Demographics and culture results were analyzed. Results The mean age of patients was 11.2 ± 5.4 years (range, 1-27 years), and approximately one-half were female. Methicillin - sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen overall. A significantly higher prevalence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (32% for pulmonary and 37% for sinus cultures) was observed in older patients versus younger patients (P < .001). There was low to moderate agreement between sinus and pulmonary cultures (Kappa statistic range, 0.03-0.56). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) increased significantly for lower respiratory tract culture (from 5% to 16%) and sinus culture (from 5% to 27%) between 1996-2004 and 2010-2014 (P = .016 and P < .001, respectively). The prevalence of positive sinus cultures increased from 40% to 85% between 1996-2004 and 2010-2014 (P = .018). Patients with pulmonary MRSA were more likely to be coinfected with pulmonary P aeruginosa (risk ratio, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2-4.8; P = .015) or Aspergillus fumigatus (risk ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.8; P = .035). Conclusions There is low to moderate correlation between pulmonary and sinus pathogens in CF patients. This is important to consider when treating infections. The prevalence of MRSA in sinus cultures has increased over time and warrants further investigation.
28440108	0	12	Microbiology	T059	C0085672
28440108	20	25	Upper	T030	C0225377
28440108	30	43	Lower Airways	T039	C0231989
28440108	47	56	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
28440108	57	72	Cystic Fibrosis	T047	C0010674
28440108	73	81	Patients	T101	C0030705
28440108	155	164	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28440108	165	180	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
28440108	182	184	CF	T047	C0010674
28440108	186	194	patients	T101	C0030705
28440108	209	222	sinus surgery	T061	C0748725
28440108	237	250	Retrospective	T062	C0035363
28440108	290	303	Tertiary care	T073,T093	C0337954
28440108	304	323	children's hospital	T093	C0020017
28440108	368	373	sinus	T059	C2237356
28440108	378	396	pulmonary cultures	T059	C2020984
28440108	406	408	CF	T047	C0010674
28440108	409	417	patients	T101	C0030705
28440108	457	469	Demographics	T062	C0011289
28440108	474	481	culture	T059	C0430400
28440108	482	489	results	T169	C1274040
28440108	495	503	analyzed	UnknownType	C0681874
28440108	505	512	Results	T169	C1274040
28440108	529	537	patients	T101	C0030705
28440108	612	618	female	T098	C0043210
28440108	620	631	Methicillin	T109,T195	C0025643
28440108	634	643	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28440108	644	665	Staphylococcus aureus	T007	C0038172
28440108	686	694	pathogen	T001	C4267729
28440108	727	737	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28440108	741	763	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
28440108	773	782	pulmonary	T059	C2020984
28440108	795	809	sinus cultures	T059	C2237356
28440108	827	832	older	T098	C1999167
28440108	833	841	patients	T101	C0030705
28440108	849	856	younger	T100	C0238598
28440108	857	865	patients	T101	C0030705
28440108	867	868	P	T081	C0033105
28440108	895	903	moderate	T080	C1881878
28440108	904	913	agreement	T080	C1707520
28440108	922	927	sinus	T059	C2237356
28440108	932	950	pulmonary cultures	T059	C2020984
28440108	952	957	Kappa	T170	C0439099
28440108	958	973	statistic range	T081	C0220900
28440108	991	1001	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28440108	1005	1035	methicillin-resistant S aureus	T007	C1265292
28440108	1037	1041	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28440108	1053	1066	significantly	T081	C0237881
28440108	1071	1102	lower respiratory tract culture	T059	C2199769
28440108	1124	1137	sinus culture	T059	C2237356
28440108	1188	1189	P	T081	C0033105
28440108	1201	1202	P	T081	C0033105
28440108	1230	1240	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28440108	1244	1252	positive	T033	C1514241
28440108	1253	1267	sinus cultures	T059	C2237356
28440108	1327	1328	P	T081	C0033105
28440108	1338	1346	Patients	T101	C0030705
28440108	1352	1361	pulmonary	T080	C2709248
28440108	1362	1366	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28440108	1390	1400	coinfected	T047	C0275524
28440108	1406	1415	pulmonary	T080	C2709248
28440108	1416	1428	P aeruginosa	T007	C0033809
28440108	1430	1440	risk ratio	T081	C0242492
28440108	1451	1453	CI	T081	C0009667
28440108	1477	1498	Aspergillus fumigatus	T004	C0004037
28440108	1500	1510	risk ratio	T081	C0242492
28440108	1521	1523	CI	T081	C0009667
28440108	1573	1581	moderate	T080	C1881878
28440108	1582	1593	correlation	T080	C1707520
28440108	1602	1611	pulmonary	T080	C2709248
28440108	1616	1621	sinus	T030	C0030471
28440108	1622	1631	pathogens	T001	C4267729
28440108	1635	1637	CF	T047	C0010674
28440108	1638	1646	patients	T101	C0030705
28440108	1683	1691	treating	T061	C0087111
28440108	1692	1702	infections	T046	C3714514
28440108	1708	1718	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28440108	1722	1726	MRSA	T007	C1265292
28440108	1730	1744	sinus cultures	T059	C2237356
28440108	1790	1803	investigation	T058	C0220825

28440461|t|The role of miR-451 in the switching between proliferation and migration in malignant glioma cells: AMPK signaling, mTOR modulation and Rac1 activation required
28440461|a|Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), WHO grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common primary neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS) and has the highest malignancy and mortality rates. The invasive nature of GBM complicates surgical resection and restricts chemotherapeutic access, contributing to poor patient prognosis. The migration of tumor cells is closely related to the tumor cell proliferation. The acquisition of migratory capability, in addition to intracellular factors, is proposed to be a crucial mechanism during the progression of invasion. Using qRT-PCR analysis, we determined that the expression of miR-451 in glioma tissue was lower than in control brain tissue, especially in the central portions of the tumor. In glioma cell lines, we found that decreased miR-451 expression suppressed tumor cell proliferation but enhanced migration with a concomitant low level of CAB39 / AMPK / mTOR pathway activation and high level of Rac1 / cofilin pathway activation, respectively. Notably, the effect of miR-451 on cytological behavior and on the activation of mTOR and Rac1 was limited when AMPKα1 expression was knocked-down with a synthetic shRNA. We suggest that the glioma microenvironment results in heterogeneity of miR-451 expression. Our data indicated that miR-451 relays environmental signals by upregulating the activity of AMPK signaling, thereby modulating the activation of mTOR and Rac1 / cofilin which, in turn, play key roles in glioma cell proliferation and migration, respectively. Our results highlight the need to consider opposing roles of a therapeutic target which, while suppressing tumor cell proliferation, could also promote cell infiltration.
28440461	12	19	miR-451	T114	C2603907
28440461	45	58	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28440461	63	72	migration	T039	C1533574
28440461	76	92	malignant glioma	T191	C0555198
28440461	93	98	cells	T025	C0007634
28440461	100	104	AMPK	T116,T121,T126	C0252214
28440461	105	114	signaling	T038	C3537152
28440461	116	120	mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
28440461	121	131	modulation	T082	C0443264
28440461	136	140	Rac1	T116,T126	C0139880
28440461	141	151	activation	T045	C0599177
28440461	161	184	Glioblastoma multiforme	T191	C1621958
28440461	186	189	GBM	T191	C1621958
28440461	192	216	WHO grade IV astrocytoma	T191	C0017636
28440461	237	253	primary neoplasm	T191	C0677930
28440461	261	283	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
28440461	285	288	CNS	T022	C3714787
28440461	310	320	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28440461	325	340	mortality rates	T081	C0205848
28440461	346	361	invasive nature	T080	C0205281
28440461	365	368	GBM	T191	C1621958
28440461	381	399	surgical resection	T061	C0728940
28440461	414	437	chemotherapeutic access	T061	C0870057
28440461	460	467	patient	T101	C0030705
28440461	468	477	prognosis	T058	C0033325
28440461	483	492	migration	T039	C1533574
28440461	496	507	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
28440461	534	544	tumor cell	T025	C0597032
28440461	545	558	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28440461	564	575	acquisition	T052	C1706701
28440461	579	588	migratory	T169	C0232901
28440461	589	599	capability	T080	C2698977
28440461	616	629	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28440461	630	637	factors	T169	C1521761
28440461	659	676	crucial mechanism	T169	C0441712
28440461	688	699	progression	T169	C0449258
28440461	703	711	invasion	T033	C1269955
28440461	719	726	qRT-PCR	T063	C1514628
28440461	727	735	analysis	T062	C0936012
28440461	760	770	expression	T045	C0017262
28440461	774	781	miR-451	T028	C1826031
28440461	785	791	glioma	T191	C0017638
28440461	792	798	tissue	T024	C0040300
28440461	817	837	control brain tissue	T023	C0459385
28440461	857	864	central	T082	C0205099
28440461	865	873	portions	T082	C0449719
28440461	881	886	tumor	T191	C0027651
28440461	891	897	glioma	T191	C0017638
28440461	898	908	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28440461	924	933	decreased	T081	C0205216
28440461	934	941	miR-451	T028	C1826031
28440461	942	952	expression	T045	C0017262
28440461	953	963	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28440461	964	974	tumor cell	T025	C0597032
28440461	975	988	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28440461	1002	1011	migration	T039	C1533574
28440461	1019	1030	concomitant	T079	C0521115
28440461	1044	1049	CAB39	T116,T123	C2715759
28440461	1052	1056	AMPK	T116,T121,T126	C0252214
28440461	1059	1063	mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
28440461	1064	1082	pathway activation	T169	C1514528
28440461	1101	1105	Rac1	T116,T126	C0139880
28440461	1108	1115	cofilin	T116,T123	C0056080
28440461	1116	1134	pathway activation	T169	C1514528
28440461	1173	1180	miR-451	T114	C2603907
28440461	1184	1204	cytological behavior	T169	C0205471
28440461	1216	1226	activation	T045	C0599177
28440461	1230	1234	mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
28440461	1239	1243	Rac1	T116,T126	C0139880
28440461	1261	1267	AMPKα1	T116,T126	C1739697
28440461	1268	1278	expression	T045	C1171362
28440461	1303	1312	synthetic	T052	C1883254
28440461	1313	1318	shRNA	T114	C2930586
28440461	1340	1346	glioma	T191	C0017638
28440461	1347	1363	microenvironment	T070	C2936626
28440461	1375	1388	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28440461	1392	1399	miR-451	T028	C1826031
28440461	1400	1410	expression	T045	C0017262
28440461	1436	1443	miR-451	T114	C2603907
28440461	1476	1488	upregulating	T044	C0041904
28440461	1505	1509	AMPK	T116,T121,T126	C0252214
28440461	1510	1519	signaling	T038	C3537152
28440461	1529	1539	modulating	T082	C0443264
28440461	1544	1554	activation	T045	C0599177
28440461	1558	1562	mTOR	T116,T126	C1307407
28440461	1567	1571	Rac1	T116,T126	C0139880
28440461	1574	1581	cofilin	T116,T123	C0056080
28440461	1616	1622	glioma	T191	C0017638
28440461	1628	1641	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28440461	1646	1655	migration	T039	C1533574
28440461	1734	1745	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28440461	1766	1777	suppressing	T169	C1260953
28440461	1778	1788	tumor cell	T025	C0597032
28440461	1789	1802	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28440461	1823	1827	cell	T025	C0007634
28440461	1828	1840	infiltration	T046	C0332448

28441459|t|Cannabis use is associated with reduced prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A cross-sectional study
28441459|a|Cannabis use is associated with reduced prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) in humans and mouse disease models. Obesity and DM are a well-established independent risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most prevalent liver disease globally. The effects of cannabis use on NAFLD prevalence in humans remains ill-defined. Our objective is to determine the relationship between cannabis use and the prevalence of NAFLD in humans. We conducted a population-based case-control study of 5,950,391 patients using the 2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Nationwide Inpatient Survey (NIS) discharge records of patients 18 years and older. After identifying patients with NAFLD (1% of all patients), we next identified three exposure groups: non-cannabis users (98.04%), non-dependent cannabis users (1.74%), and dependent cannabis users (0.22%). We adjusted for potential demographics and patient related confounders and used multivariate logistic regression (SAS 9.4) to determine the odds of developing NAFLD with respects to cannabis use. Our findings revealed that cannabis users (dependent and non-dependent) showed significantly lower NAFLD prevalence compared to non-users (AOR: 0.82[0.76-0.88]; p<0.0001). The prevalence of NAFLD was 15% lower in non-dependent users (AOR: 0.85[0.79-0.92]; p<0.0001) and 52% lower in dependent users (AOR: 0.49[0.36-0.65]; p<0.0001). Among cannabis users, dependent patients had 43% significantly lower prevalence of NAFLD compared to non-dependent patients (AOR: 0.57[0.42-0.77]; p<0.0001). Our observations suggest that cannabis use is associated with lower prevalence of NAFLD in patients. These novel findings suggest additional molecular mechanistic studies to explore the potential role of cannabis use in NAFLD development.
28441459	0	12	Cannabis use	T048	C3160814
28441459	16	31	associated with	T080	C0332281
28441459	32	50	reduced prevalence	T081	C1518029
28441459	54	87	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	T047	C0400966
28441459	91	112	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28441459	113	125	Cannabis use	T048	C3160814
28441459	129	144	associated with	T080	C0332281
28441459	145	163	reduced prevalence	T081	C1518029
28441459	167	174	obesity	T047	C0028754
28441459	179	196	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28441459	198	200	DM	T047	C0011849
28441459	205	211	humans	T016	C0086418
28441459	216	221	mouse	T015	C0026809
28441459	222	236	disease models	T050	C0684309
28441459	238	245	Obesity	T047	C0028754
28441459	250	252	DM	T047	C0011849
28441459	288	299	risk factor	T033	C0850664
28441459	304	337	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	T047	C0400966
28441459	339	344	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28441459	366	379	liver disease	T047	C0023895
28441459	394	401	effects	T080	C1280500
28441459	405	417	cannabis use	T048	C3160814
28441459	421	426	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28441459	427	437	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28441459	441	447	humans	T016	C0086418
28441459	456	467	ill-defined	T046	C2047937
28441459	473	482	objective	T170	C0018017
28441459	503	515	relationship	T080	C0439849
28441459	524	536	cannabis use	T048	C3160814
28441459	545	555	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28441459	559	564	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28441459	568	574	humans	T016	C0086418
28441459	591	626	population-based case-control study	T062	C0007328
28441459	640	648	patients	T101	C0030705
28441459	664	679	Healthcare Cost	T081	C0085552
28441459	684	703	Utilization Project	T077	C1709701
28441459	705	709	HCUP	T077	C1709701
28441459	712	739	Nationwide Inpatient Survey	T170	C0038951
28441459	741	744	NIS	T170	C0038951
28441459	746	763	discharge records	T170	C0743221
28441459	767	775	patients	T101	C0030705
28441459	779	784	years	T079	C0439234
28441459	789	794	older	T032	C0001779
28441459	802	813	identifying	T080	C0205396
28441459	814	822	patients	T101	C0030705
28441459	828	833	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28441459	845	853	patients	T101	C0030705
28441459	864	874	identified	T080	C0205396
28441459	881	896	exposure groups	T098	C1257890
28441459	898	916	non-cannabis users	T098	C1706077
28441459	927	955	non-dependent cannabis users	T098	C1706077
28441459	969	993	dependent cannabis users	T098	C1706077
28441459	1006	1014	adjusted	T169	C0456081
28441459	1029	1041	demographics	T090	C0011298
28441459	1046	1053	patient	T101	C0030705
28441459	1083	1115	multivariate logistic regression	UnknownType	C0681925
28441459	1117	1120	SAS	T062	C0871424
28441459	1143	1147	odds	T081	C0028873
28441459	1162	1167	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28441459	1185	1197	cannabis use	T048	C3160814
28441459	1203	1211	findings	T033	C0243095
28441459	1212	1220	revealed	T080	C0443289
28441459	1226	1234	cannabis	T109,T121	C0024808
28441459	1235	1240	users	T098	C1706077
28441459	1242	1251	dependent	T080	C0851827
28441459	1256	1269	non-dependent	T033	C0243095
28441459	1292	1297	lower	T082	C0441994
28441459	1298	1303	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28441459	1304	1314	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28441459	1315	1323	compared	T052	C1707455
28441459	1327	1336	non-users	T098	C1706077
28441459	1338	1341	AOR	T081	C0028873
28441459	1375	1385	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28441459	1389	1394	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28441459	1403	1408	lower	T082	C0441994
28441459	1412	1431	non-dependent users	T098	C1706077
28441459	1433	1436	AOR	T081	C0028873
28441459	1473	1478	lower	T082	C0441994
28441459	1482	1497	dependent users	T098	C1706077
28441459	1499	1502	AOR	T081	C0028873
28441459	1538	1546	cannabis	T109,T121	C0024808
28441459	1547	1552	users	T098	C1706077
28441459	1554	1572	dependent patients	T101	C0030705
28441459	1595	1611	lower prevalence	T081	C1518029
28441459	1615	1620	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28441459	1621	1629	compared	T052	C1707455
28441459	1633	1655	non-dependent patients	T101	C0030705
28441459	1657	1660	AOR	T081	C0028873
28441459	1694	1706	observations	T062	C0302523
28441459	1720	1732	cannabis use	T048	C3160814
28441459	1736	1751	associated with	T080	C0332281
28441459	1752	1768	lower prevalence	T081	C1518029
28441459	1772	1777	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28441459	1781	1789	patients	T101	C0030705
28441459	1803	1811	findings	T033	C0243095
28441459	1831	1860	molecular mechanistic studies	T059	C0947630
28441459	1876	1890	potential role	T080	C3245505
28441459	1894	1906	cannabis use	T048	C3160814
28441459	1910	1915	NAFLD	T047	C0400966
28441459	1916	1927	development	T039	C0243107

28441489|t|Comparison of Gasoline Direct-Injection (GDI) and Port Fuel Injection (PFI) Vehicle Emissions: Emission Certification Standards, Cold-Start, Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Potential, and Potential Climate Impacts
28441489|a|Recent increases in the Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards have led to widespread adoption of vehicles equipped with gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines. Changes in engine technologies can alter emissions. To quantify these effects, we measured gas- and particle-phase emissions from 82 light-duty gasoline vehicles recruited from the California in-use fleet tested on a chassis dynamometer using the cold-start unified cycle. The fleet included 15 GDI vehicles, including 8 GDIs certified to the most-stringent emissions standard, superultra-low-emission vehicles (SULEV). We quantified the effects of engine technology, emission certification standards, and cold-start on emissions. For vehicles certified to the same emissions standard, there is no statistical difference of regulated gas-phase pollutant emissions between PFIs and GDIs. However, GDIs had, on average, a factor of 2 higher particulate matter (PM) mass emissions than PFIs due to higher elemental carbon (EC) emissions. SULEV certified GDIs have a factor of 2 lower PM mass emissions than GDIs certified as ultralow-emission vehicles (3.0 ± 1.1 versus 6.3 ± 1.1 mg/mi), suggesting improvements in engine design and calibration. Comprehensive organic speciation revealed no statistically significant differences in the composition of the volatile organic compounds emissions between PFI and GDIs, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). Therefore, the secondary organic aerosol and ozone formation potential of the exhaust does not depend on engine technology. Cold-start contributes a larger fraction of the total unified cycle emissions for vehicles meeting more-stringent emission standards. Organic gas emissions were the most sensitive to cold-start compared to the other pollutants tested here. There were no statistically significant differences in the effects of cold-start on GDIs and PFIs. For our test fleet, the measured 14.5% decrease in CO2 emissions from GDIs was much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions. Thus, switching from PFI to GDI vehicles will likely lead to a reduction in net global warming.
28441489	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28441489	14	39	Gasoline Direct-Injection	T073	C3273359
28441489	41	44	GDI	T073	C3273359
28441489	50	69	Port Fuel Injection	T073	C3273359
28441489	71	74	PFI	T073	C3273359
28441489	76	93	Vehicle Emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	95	103	Emission	T131	C0004380
28441489	104	117	Certification	T064	C0007836
28441489	118	127	Standards	T170	C0038137
28441489	129	139	Cold-Start	T033	C0243095
28441489	151	158	Organic	T080	C0747055
28441489	159	166	Aerosol	T073	C0001712
28441489	167	176	Formation	T169	C1522492
28441489	177	186	Potential	T080	C3245505
28441489	192	201	Potential	T080	C3245505
28441489	202	209	Climate	T070	C0008946
28441489	210	217	Impacts	T080	C4049986
28441489	225	234	increases	T081	C0205217
28441489	242	251	Corporate	T080	C0205556
28441489	252	272	Average Fuel Economy	T081	C0870462
28441489	273	282	standards	T170	C0038137
28441489	295	305	widespread	T082	C0205391
28441489	318	326	vehicles	T073	C0175845
28441489	341	366	gasoline direct-injection	T073	C3273359
28441489	368	371	GDI	T073	C3273359
28441489	373	380	engines	T073	C3273359
28441489	393	399	engine	T073	C3273359
28441489	400	412	technologies	T090	C0039421
28441489	423	432	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	437	445	quantify	T081	C1709793
28441489	452	459	effects	T080	C1280500
28441489	464	472	measured	T080	C0444706
28441489	473	477	gas-	T104	C0017110
28441489	482	496	particle-phase	T104	C1254350
28441489	497	506	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	515	525	light-duty	T080	C0205556
28441489	526	534	gasoline	T073	C0017113
28441489	535	543	vehicles	T073	C0175845
28441489	563	573	California	T083	C0006754
28441489	587	593	tested	T170	C0392366
28441489	599	606	chassis	T073	C1707356
28441489	607	618	dynamometer	T073	C3273359
28441489	629	639	cold-start	T033	C0243095
28441489	677	680	GDI	T073	C3273359
28441489	681	689	vehicles	T073	C0175845
28441489	703	707	GDIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	708	717	certified	T064	C0007836
28441489	740	749	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	750	758	standard	T170	C0038137
28441489	760	792	superultra-low-emission vehicles	T185	C0008902
28441489	794	799	SULEV	T185	C0008902
28441489	805	815	quantified	T081	C1709793
28441489	820	830	effects of	T080	C1704420
28441489	831	837	engine	T073	C3273359
28441489	838	848	technology	T090	C0039421
28441489	850	858	emission	T131	C0004380
28441489	859	872	certification	T064	C0007836
28441489	873	882	standards	T170	C0038137
28441489	888	898	cold-start	T033	C0243095
28441489	902	911	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	917	925	vehicles	T073	C0175845
28441489	926	935	certified	T064	C0007836
28441489	948	957	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	958	966	standard	T170	C0038137
28441489	980	991	statistical	T090	C0038215
28441489	992	1002	difference	T081	C1705241
28441489	1016	1025	gas-phase	T104	C1254350
28441489	1026	1035	pollutant	T131	C0599786
28441489	1036	1045	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	1054	1058	PFIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	1063	1067	GDIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	1078	1082	GDIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	1091	1098	average	T081	C1510992
28441489	1102	1108	factor	T169	C1521761
28441489	1121	1139	particulate matter	T167	C1720884
28441489	1141	1143	PM	T167	C1720884
28441489	1150	1159	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	1165	1169	PFIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	1184	1200	elemental carbon	T196	C0007009
28441489	1202	1204	EC	T196	C0007009
28441489	1206	1215	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	1217	1222	SULEV	T185	C0008902
28441489	1223	1232	certified	T064	C0007836
28441489	1233	1237	GDIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	1245	1251	factor	T169	C1521761
28441489	1263	1265	PM	T167	C1720884
28441489	1271	1280	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	1286	1290	GDIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	1291	1300	certified	T064	C0007836
28441489	1304	1330	ultralow-emission vehicles	T185	C0008902
28441489	1378	1390	improvements	T077	C2986411
28441489	1394	1400	engine	T073	C3273359
28441489	1401	1407	design	T052	C1707689
28441489	1412	1423	calibration	T081	C0006751
28441489	1425	1438	Comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28441489	1439	1446	organic	T080	C0747055
28441489	1458	1466	revealed	T080	C0443289
28441489	1470	1495	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28441489	1496	1507	differences	T081	C1705241
28441489	1515	1526	composition	T070	C0243176
28441489	1534	1542	volatile	T080	C1963547
28441489	1543	1560	organic compounds	T109	C0029224
28441489	1561	1570	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	1579	1582	PFI	T073	C3273359
28441489	1587	1591	GDIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	1603	1610	benzene	T109,T131	C0005036
28441489	1612	1619	toluene	T109	C0040383
28441489	1621	1633	ethylbenzene	T109,T130	C0059792
28441489	1639	1646	xylenes	T109,T130	C0043368
28441489	1648	1652	BTEX	T109	C0029224
28441489	1680	1687	organic	T080	C0747055
28441489	1688	1695	aerosol	T073	C0001712
28441489	1700	1705	ozone	T103	C0030106
28441489	1706	1715	formation	T169	C1522492
28441489	1716	1725	potential	T080	C3245505
28441489	1733	1740	exhaust	T131	C0178629
28441489	1760	1766	engine	T073	C3273359
28441489	1767	1777	technology	T090	C0039421
28441489	1779	1789	Cold-start	T033	C0243095
28441489	1790	1801	contributes	T052	C1880177
28441489	1804	1810	larger	T081	C0549177
28441489	1811	1822	fraction of	T081	C1264633
28441489	1847	1856	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	1861	1869	vehicles	T073	C0175845
28441489	1893	1901	emission	T131	C0004380
28441489	1902	1911	standards	T170	C0038137
28441489	1913	1920	Organic	T080	C0747055
28441489	1921	1924	gas	T104	C0017110
28441489	1925	1934	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	1949	1958	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28441489	1962	1972	cold-start	T033	C0243095
28441489	1973	1981	compared	T052	C1707455
28441489	1995	2005	pollutants	T131	C0599786
28441489	2006	2012	tested	T170	C0392366
28441489	2033	2058	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28441489	2059	2070	differences	T081	C1705241
28441489	2078	2088	effects of	T080	C1704420
28441489	2089	2099	cold-start	T033	C0243095
28441489	2103	2107	GDIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	2112	2116	PFIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	2142	2150	measured	T080	C0444706
28441489	2157	2165	decrease	T081	C0205216
28441489	2169	2172	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28441489	2173	2182	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	2188	2192	GDIs	T073	C3273359
28441489	2202	2209	greater	T081	C1704243
28441489	2219	2228	potential	T080	C3245505
28441489	2229	2236	climate	T070	C0008946
28441489	2245	2260	associated with	T080	C0332281
28441489	2268	2280	black carbon	T121,T130,T196	C0007010
28441489	2281	2290	emissions	T131	C0004380
28441489	2313	2316	PFI	T073	C3273359
28441489	2320	2323	GDI	T073	C3273359
28441489	2324	2332	vehicles	T073	C0175845
28441489	2355	2364	reduction	T080	C0392756
28441489	2372	2386	global warming	T069	C0206217

28441911|t|The effects of a data driven maximum surgical blood ordering schedule on preoperative blood ordering practices
28441911|a|The maximum surgical blood ordering schedule (MSBOS) provides guidelines for pre-operative pre-transfusion testing for elective surgical procedures. This study compared blood ordering and utilization during the period when the MSBOS was created by achieving consensus between the blood bank and the various surgical specialties, and after the introduction of an MSBOS created by using department-specific red blood cell (RBC) transfusion data (data driven MSBOS, dMSBOS). The dMSBOS was created by analyzing 12 months of RBC transfusion data for each procedure across a regional health system. Pre-transfusion testing and the RBC crossmatch: transfusion (C:T) ratios at 8 of the hospitals were compared between the 12 month period before the dMSBOS was introduced, and the 15 months after its introduction. There were significant reductions in the median monthly number of type and screens not associated with RBC crossmatches (10 714-10 061; p < 0.0001) and the median number of type and screens associated with RBC crossmatches (10 127-9 349; p = 0.0014) on surgical patients after dMSBOS implementation. There were significant decreases in the median number of monthly RBC units crossmatched (2 981-2 444; p < 0.0001) and transfused (890-791; p < 0.0001) to surgical patients after implementing the dMSBOS. The overall system-wide C:T ratio trended down after dMSBOS implementation (from 3.34 to 3.17, p = 0.067). Crossmatching fewer RBC units facilitates more efficient management of the blood bank's inventory. The dMSBOS was effective in reducing the extent of unnecessary pre-transfusion testing before surgery and reduced the number of RBCs that were crossmatched for specific patients.
28441911	17	69	data driven maximum surgical blood ordering schedule	T170	C0086960
28441911	73	85	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28441911	86	110	blood ordering practices	T058	C1549263
28441911	115	155	maximum surgical blood ordering schedule	T170	C0086960
28441911	157	162	MSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	188	201	pre-operative	T079	C0445204
28441911	202	217	pre-transfusion	T079	C1979588
28441911	218	225	testing	T060	C0683443
28441911	230	258	elective surgical procedures	T061	C0206058
28441911	265	270	study	T062	C2603343
28441911	280	294	blood ordering	T058	C1549263
28441911	338	343	MSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	391	401	blood bank	T073,T093	C0005770
28441911	418	438	surgical specialties	T091	C0037781
28441911	473	478	MSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	516	530	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
28441911	532	535	RBC	T025	C0014792
28441911	537	548	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28441911	549	553	data	T078	C1511726
28441911	555	572	data driven MSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	574	580	dMSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	587	593	dMSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	622	628	months	T079	C0439231
28441911	632	635	RBC	T025	C0014792
28441911	636	647	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28441911	648	652	data	T078	C1511726
28441911	681	689	regional	T082	C0205147
28441911	690	703	health system	T093	C0018696
28441911	705	720	Pre-transfusion	T079	C1979588
28441911	721	728	testing	T060	C0683443
28441911	737	740	RBC	T025	C0014792
28441911	741	751	crossmatch	T059	C0855279
28441911	753	764	transfusion	T061	C0005841
28441911	765	777	(C:T) ratios	T081	C0456603
28441911	790	799	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28441911	829	834	month	T079	C0439231
28441911	853	859	dMSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	887	893	months	T079	C0439231
28441911	966	973	monthly	T079	C0332177
28441911	1021	1024	RBC	T025	C0014792
28441911	1025	1037	crossmatches	T059	C0855279
28441911	1124	1127	RBC	T025	C0014792
28441911	1128	1140	crossmatches	T059	C0855279
28441911	1171	1179	surgical	T061	C0543467
28441911	1180	1188	patients	T101	C0030705
28441911	1195	1201	dMSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	1202	1216	implementation	T052	C1708476
28441911	1275	1282	monthly	T079	C0332177
28441911	1283	1286	RBC	T025	C0014792
28441911	1293	1305	crossmatched	T059	C0855279
28441911	1336	1346	transfused	T061	C0005841
28441911	1372	1380	surgical	T061	C0543467
28441911	1381	1389	patients	T101	C0030705
28441911	1396	1408	implementing	T052	C1708476
28441911	1413	1419	dMSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	1445	1454	C:T ratio	T081	C0456603
28441911	1474	1480	dMSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	1481	1495	implementation	T052	C1708476
28441911	1528	1541	Crossmatching	T059	C0855279
28441911	1548	1551	RBC	T025	C0014792
28441911	1552	1557	units	T081	C1519795
28441911	1603	1625	blood bank's inventory	T059	C0200614
28441911	1631	1637	dMSBOS	T170	C0086960
28441911	1690	1705	pre-transfusion	T079	C1979588
28441911	1706	1713	testing	T060	C0683443
28441911	1721	1728	surgery	T061	C0543467
28441911	1755	1759	RBCs	T025	C0014792
28441911	1770	1782	crossmatched	T059	C0855279
28441911	1796	1804	patients	T101	C0030705

28442229|t|Changing attitudes to childhood immunisation in English parents
28442229|a|We undertook a national survey of parental attitudes to childhood vaccinations and compared results with those in earlier comparable surveys covering a 10year period. We randomly selected 275 nationally representative sampling locations in England. Interviewers identified eligible primary care givers (referred to as parents) of children aged from 2 months to <5 years and conducted home -based interviews between January and April 2015. We aimed to recruit 1000 parents of children aged 0-2 years and 1000 of children aged 3-4 years. The questionnaire covered all aspects of the immunisation process, vaccines administered in pregnancy and from infancy to pre-school with a maximum of 86 mixed questions. Interviews were completed with 1792 parents of whom 1130 had children aged 0-2 years and 999 had children aged 3-4 years; 337 had children of both ages. The findings showed that confidence in and acceptance of the vaccination programme was high. Only 2% of parents reported refusing vaccination whilst 90% reported vaccinating their children automatically when due. Almost all parents (97%) consulted web-based resources for information on vaccination. Parents who used chat rooms or discussion forums for this purpose were significantly more likely to say they had seen something that would make them doubt having their child(ren) immunised (31% compared to 8% amongst all parents). Health professionals and the NHS were seen as the most trusted source of advice on immunisation (90% agreed / strongly agreed with each). Very few parents did not trust these sources (4% and 3% disagreed, respectively). Health professionals remain extremely important in communicating information about vaccination and are highly trusted by parents; a trust that has increased in recent years. Despite most parents seeking information on the Internet, trust in and advice from health care professionals appeared to be key factors influencing parental decisions.
28442229	0	8	Changing	T169	C0392747
28442229	9	18	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28442229	22	31	childhood	T079	C0231335
28442229	32	44	immunisation	T061	C0020971
28442229	48	55	English	T098	C1556083
28442229	56	63	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	79	94	national survey	T062	C0681817
28442229	98	116	parental attitudes	T080	C0680059
28442229	120	129	childhood	T079	C0231335
28442229	130	142	vaccinations	T061	C0042196
28442229	197	204	surveys	T170	C0038951
28442229	282	290	sampling	T078	C0870078
28442229	291	300	locations	T082	C0450429
28442229	304	311	England	T083	C0014282
28442229	313	325	Interviewers	T097	C0021821
28442229	346	353	primary	T080	C0205225
28442229	354	365	care givers	T097	C0085537
28442229	382	389	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	394	402	children	T100	C0008059
28442229	415	421	months	T079	C0439231
28442229	428	433	years	T079	C0439234
28442229	448	452	home	T082	C0442519
28442229	460	470	interviews	T052	C0021822
28442229	528	535	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	539	547	children	T100	C0008059
28442229	557	562	years	T079	C0439234
28442229	575	583	children	T100	C0008059
28442229	593	598	years	T079	C0439234
28442229	604	617	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28442229	645	657	immunisation	T061	C0020971
28442229	667	675	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210
28442229	676	688	administered	T169	C1521801
28442229	692	701	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28442229	711	718	infancy	T079	C0231330
28442229	722	732	pre-school	T073	C0424930
28442229	771	781	Interviews	T052	C0021822
28442229	807	814	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	832	840	children	T100	C0008059
28442229	850	855	years	T079	C0439234
28442229	868	876	children	T100	C0008059
28442229	886	891	years	T079	C0439234
28442229	901	909	children	T100	C0008059
28442229	928	936	findings	T169	C2607943
28442229	949	959	confidence	T041	C1704726
28442229	967	977	acceptance	T033	C3176353
28442229	985	1006	vaccination programme	T058	C0206082
28442229	1028	1035	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	1054	1065	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28442229	1086	1097	vaccinating	T033	C1116171
28442229	1104	1112	children	T100	C0008059
28442229	1132	1135	due	T033	C0474305
28442229	1148	1155	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	1172	1191	web-based resources	T170	C0282574
28442229	1196	1207	information	T078	C1533716
28442229	1211	1222	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28442229	1224	1231	Parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	1295	1313	significantly more	T080	C0205556
28442229	1392	1402	child(ren)	T100	C0008059
28442229	1403	1412	immunised	T033	C4302768
28442229	1445	1452	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	1455	1475	Health professionals	T097	C1704312
28442229	1484	1487	NHS	T058	C0027462
28442229	1510	1517	trusted	T054	C0237935
28442229	1538	1550	immunisation	T061	C0020971
28442229	1556	1562	agreed	T033	C3641827
28442229	1565	1580	strongly agreed	T033	C3642483
28442229	1602	1609	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	1602	1609	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	1649	1658	disagreed	T033	C3641828
28442229	1675	1695	Health professionals	T097	C1704312
28442229	1740	1751	information	T078	C1533716
28442229	1758	1769	vaccination	T061	C0042196
28442229	1785	1792	trusted	T054	C0237935
28442229	1796	1803	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	1822	1831	increased	T081	C0205217
28442229	1842	1847	years	T079	C0439234
28442229	1862	1869	parents	T099	C0030551
28442229	1878	1889	information	T078	C1533716
28442229	1897	1905	Internet	T073	C0282111
28442229	1920	1926	advice	T058	C0150600
28442229	1932	1957	health care professionals	T097	C1704312
28442229	1997	2005	parental	T099	C0030551
28442229	2006	2015	decisions	T041	C0679006

28442243|t|Abnormal neural precursor cell regulation in the early postnatal Fragile X mouse hippocampus
28442243|a|The regulation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) is indispensable for a properly functioning brain. Abnormalities in NPC proliferation, differentiation, survival, or integration have been linked to various neurological diseases including Fragile X syndrome. Yet, no studies have examined NPCs from the early postnatal Fragile X mouse hippocampus despite the importance of this developmental time point, which marks the highest expression level of FMRP, the protein missing in Fragile X, in the rodent hippocampus and is when hippocampal NPCs have migrated to the dentate gyrus (DG) to give rise to lifelong neurogenesis. In this study, we examined NPCs from the early postnatal hippocampus and DG of Fragile X mice (Fmr1 - KO). Immunocytochemistry on neurospheres showed increased Nestin expression and decreased Ki67 expression, which collectively indicated aberrant NPC biology. Intriguingly, flow cytometric analysis of the expression of the antigens CD15, CD24, CD133, GLAST, and PSA-NCAM showed a decreased proportion of neural stem cells (GLAST(+)CD15(+)CD133(+)) and an increased proportion of neuroblasts (PSA-NCAM(+)CD15(+)) in the DG of P7 Fmr1 - KO mice. This was mirrored by lower expression levels of Nestin and the mitotic marker phospho-histone H3 in vivo in the P9 hippocampus, as well as a decreased proportion of cells in the G2/M phases of the P7 DG. Thus, the absence of FMRP leads to fewer actively cycling NPCs, coinciding with a decrease in neural stem cells and an increase in neuroblasts. Together, these results show the importance of FMRP in the developing hippocampal formation and suggest abnormalities in cell cycle regulation in Fragile X.
28442243	0	8	Abnormal	T033	C0205161
28442243	9	30	neural precursor cell	T025	C1113654
28442243	31	41	regulation	T043	C1155872
28442243	49	54	early	T079	C1279919
28442243	55	64	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28442243	65	74	Fragile X	T047	C0016667
28442243	75	80	mouse	T015	C0025929
28442243	81	92	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28442243	97	107	regulation	T043	C1155872
28442243	111	133	neural precursor cells	T025	C1113654
28442243	135	139	NPCs	T025	C1113654
28442243	144	157	indispensable	T080	C0205224
28442243	185	190	brain	T023	C0006104
28442243	192	205	Abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28442243	209	226	NPC proliferation	T043	C3155886
28442243	228	243	differentiation	T043	C1514964
28442243	245	253	survival	T043	C0007620
28442243	258	269	integration	T043	C0007613
28442243	298	319	neurological diseases	T047	C2359473
28442243	330	348	Fragile X syndrome	T047	C0016667
28442243	355	357	no	T033	C1513916
28442243	358	365	studies	T062	C0008972
28442243	380	384	NPCs	T025	C1113654
28442243	394	399	early	T079	C1279919
28442243	400	409	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28442243	410	419	Fragile X	T047	C0016667
28442243	420	425	mouse	T015	C0025929
28442243	426	437	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28442243	450	460	importance	T080	C3898777
28442243	469	482	developmental	T080	C0458003
28442243	483	493	time point	T079	C2348792
28442243	511	518	highest	T080	C1522410
28442243	519	535	expression level	T081	C3244092
28442243	539	543	FMRP	T116,T123	C0118036
28442243	549	556	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28442243	557	564	missing	T080	C1705492
28442243	568	577	Fragile X	T047	C0016667
28442243	586	592	rodent	T015	C0035804
28442243	593	604	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28442243	617	628	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28442243	629	633	NPCs	T025	C1113654
28442243	655	668	dentate gyrus	T023	C0152314
28442243	670	672	DG	T023	C0152314
28442243	690	698	lifelong	T079	C4274169
28442243	699	711	neurogenesis	T040	C0814002
28442243	740	744	NPCs	T025	C1113654
28442243	754	759	early	T079	C1279919
28442243	760	769	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28442243	770	781	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28442243	786	788	DG	T023	C0152314
28442243	792	801	Fragile X	T047	C0016667
28442243	802	806	mice	T015	C0025929
28442243	808	812	Fmr1	T028	C1414649
28442243	815	817	KO	T050	C1522225
28442243	820	839	Immunocytochemistry	T059	C0242349
28442243	843	855	neurospheres	T025	C0007635
28442243	863	872	increased	T081	C0205217
28442243	873	879	Nestin	T116,T123	C0068575
28442243	880	890	expression	T045	C1171362
28442243	895	904	decreased	T081	C0205216
28442243	905	909	Ki67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
28442243	910	920	expression	T045	C1171362
28442243	960	963	NPC	T025	C1113654
28442243	987	1011	flow cytometric analysis	T059	C0016263
28442243	1019	1029	expression	T045	C1171362
28442243	1037	1050	antigens CD15	T109,T129	C0080188
28442243	1052	1056	CD24	T116,T129	C0054948
28442243	1058	1063	CD133	T116,T129	C0673028
28442243	1065	1070	GLAST	T116,T123	C1529083
28442243	1076	1084	PSA-NCAM	T116,T123	C0533925
28442243	1094	1103	decreased	T081	C0205216
28442243	1104	1114	proportion	T081	C1709707
28442243	1118	1161	neural stem cells (GLAST(+)CD15(+)CD133(+))	T025	C1113654
28442243	1169	1178	increased	T081	C0205217
28442243	1179	1189	proportion	T081	C1709707
28442243	1193	1225	neuroblasts (PSA-NCAM(+)CD15(+))	T025	C0814005
28442243	1233	1235	DG	T023	C0152314
28442243	1239	1241	P7	T079	C0443281
28442243	1242	1246	Fmr1	T028	C1414649
28442243	1249	1251	KO	T050	C1522225
28442243	1252	1256	mice	T015	C0025929
28442243	1285	1302	expression levels	T081	C3244092
28442243	1306	1312	Nestin	T116,T123	C0068575
28442243	1321	1328	mitotic	T080	C1513354
28442243	1329	1335	marker	T201	C0005516
28442243	1336	1354	phospho-histone H3	T116,T123	C0019647
28442243	1355	1362	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28442243	1370	1372	P9	T079	C0443281
28442243	1373	1384	hippocampus	T023	C0019564
28442243	1399	1408	decreased	T081	C0205216
28442243	1409	1419	proportion	T081	C1709707
28442243	1423	1428	cells	T025	C0007634
28442243	1436	1447	G2/M phases	T043	C1517347
28442243	1455	1457	P7	T079	C0443281
28442243	1458	1460	DG	T023	C0152314
28442243	1472	1479	absence	T169	C0332197
28442243	1483	1487	FMRP	T116,T123	C0118036
28442243	1520	1524	NPCs	T025	C1113654
28442243	1544	1552	decrease	T081	C0547047
28442243	1556	1573	neural stem cells	T025	C1113654
28442243	1581	1589	increase	T169	C0442805
28442243	1593	1604	neuroblasts	T025	C0814005
28442243	1622	1629	results	T033	C0683954
28442243	1639	1649	importance	T080	C3898777
28442243	1653	1657	FMRP	T116,T123	C0118036
28442243	1676	1687	hippocampal	T023	C0019564
28442243	1688	1697	formation	T169	C1522492
28442243	1710	1723	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28442243	1727	1748	cell cycle regulation	T043	C1155872
28442243	1752	1761	Fragile X	T047	C0016667

28442343|t|Pig has no uncoupling protein 1
28442343|a|Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is critical for mammal's survival in the cold environment. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is responsible for the non-shivering thermogenesis in the BAT. Pig is important economically as a meat -producing livestock. However, whether BAT or more precisely UCP1 protein exists in pig remains a controversy. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether pig has UCP1 protein. In this study, we used rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique to obtain the UCP1 mRNA 3' end sequence, confirmed only exons 1 and 2 of the UCP1 gene are transcribed in the pig. Then we cloned the pig UCP1 gene exons 1 and 2, and expressed the UCP1 protein from the truncated pig gene using E. coli BL21. We used the expressed pig UCP1 protein as antigen for antibody production in a rabbit. We could not detect any UCP1 protein expression in different pig adipose tissues by the specific pig UCP1 antibody, while our antibody can detect the cloned pig UCP1 as well as the mice adipose UCP1 protein. This result shows although exons 1 and 2 of the pig UCP1 gene were transcribed but not translated in the pig adipose tissue. Furthermore, we detected no uncoupled respiration in the isolated pig adipocytes. Thus, these results unequivocally demonstrate that pig has no UCP1 protein. Our results have resolved the controversy of whether pigs have the brown adipose tissue.
28442343	0	3	Pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	8	10	no	T033	C1513916
28442343	11	31	uncoupling protein 1	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	32	52	Brown adipose tissue	T024	C0006298
28442343	54	57	BAT	T024	C0006298
28442343	75	83	mammal's	T015	C0024660
28442343	84	92	survival	T052	C0038952
28442343	100	116	cold environment	T067	C0241842
28442343	118	138	Uncoupling protein 1	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	140	144	UCP1	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	169	196	non-shivering thermogenesis	T033	C0518713
28442343	204	207	BAT	T024	C0006298
28442343	209	212	Pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	244	248	meat	T168	C0025017
28442343	260	269	livestock	T008	C2936506
28442343	288	291	BAT	T024	C0006298
28442343	310	322	UCP1 protein	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	333	336	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	347	358	controversy	T054	C0680243
28442343	364	373	objective	T078	C2985627
28442343	382	387	study	T062	C2603343
28442343	413	416	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	421	433	UCP1 protein	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	443	448	study	T062	C2603343
28442343	458	507	rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique	T063	C0887814
28442343	522	526	UCP1	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	527	547	mRNA 3' end sequence	T045	C1623057
28442343	549	558	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28442343	564	577	exons 1 and 2	T114,T123	C0015295
28442343	585	594	UCP1 gene	T028	C1421313
28442343	599	610	transcribed	T045	C0040649
28442343	618	621	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	631	637	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
28442343	642	645	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	646	655	UCP1 gene	T028	C1421313
28442343	656	669	exons 1 and 2	T114,T123	C0015295
28442343	675	684	expressed	T045	C1171362
28442343	689	701	UCP1 protein	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	721	724	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	725	729	gene	T028	C0017337
28442343	736	748	E. coli BL21	T007	C0014834
28442343	762	771	expressed	T045	C1171362
28442343	772	775	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	776	788	UCP1 protein	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	792	799	antigen	T129	C0003320
28442343	804	823	antibody production	T038	C0003261
28442343	829	835	rabbit	T015	C3887509
28442343	850	856	detect	T033	C0442726
28442343	861	873	UCP1 protein	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	874	884	expression	T045	C1171362
28442343	898	901	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	902	917	adipose tissues	T024	C0001527
28442343	934	937	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	938	942	UCP1	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	943	951	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28442343	963	971	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28442343	976	982	detect	T033	C0442726
28442343	987	993	cloned	T059,T063	C0598888
28442343	994	997	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	998	1002	UCP1	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	1018	1022	mice	T015	C0025929
28442343	1023	1043	adipose UCP1 protein	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	1050	1056	result	T034	C0456984
28442343	1072	1085	exons 1 and 2	T114,T123	C0015295
28442343	1093	1096	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	1097	1106	UCP1 gene	T028	C1421313
28442343	1112	1123	transcribed	T045	C0040649
28442343	1132	1142	translated	T045	C1519614
28442343	1150	1153	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	1154	1168	adipose tissue	T024	C0001527
28442343	1186	1194	detected	T033	C0442726
28442343	1195	1197	no	T033	C1513916
28442343	1198	1219	uncoupled respiration	T039	C0035203
28442343	1227	1235	isolated	T169	C0205409
28442343	1236	1239	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	1240	1250	adipocytes	T025	C0206131
28442343	1264	1271	results	T034	C0456984
28442343	1303	1306	pig	T015	C0039005
28442343	1311	1313	no	T033	C1513916
28442343	1314	1326	UCP1 protein	T116,T123	C0107264
28442343	1332	1339	results	T034	C0456984
28442343	1345	1353	resolved	T033	C3714811
28442343	1358	1369	controversy	T054	C0680243
28442343	1381	1385	pigs	T015	C0039005
28442343	1395	1415	brown adipose tissue	T024	C0006298

28442401|t|TRIB3 downregulation enhances doxorubicin - induced cytotoxicity in gastric cancer cells
28442401|a|TRIB3, which is a pseudokinase known to regulate multiple pro-survival pathways, appears to be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human tumors. However, its precise role in cancer is controversial, as TRIB3 protein levels have been associated with both good and poor prognosis in cancer patients. Here, we investigated the significance of TRIB3 expression in the survival of gastric cancer cells exposed to anticancer drugs. We found that the tested anticancer drug, doxorubicin, induced cytotoxicity by decreasing TRIB3 transcription, which was followed by apoptotic cell death. Moreover, TRIB3 siRNA knockdown appeared to enhance doxorubicin - induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells, concurrently with altering the expression of downstream apoptotic factors. Conversely, overexpression of TRIB3 significantly protected cells against doxorubicin - induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that downregulation of TRIB3 appears to promote cell death and enhance doxorubicin - induced apoptosis, supporting the anti-apoptotic role of TRIB3. The inductions of three classes of MAPKs failed to affect doxorubicin -mediated TRIB3 downregulation, while TRIB3 overexpression did not affect doxorubicin - induced MAPK activation. In sum, our findings indicate that TRIB3 plays an anti-apoptotic role in doxorubicin -treated gastric cancer cell lines, perhaps indicating that the status of TRIB3 expression in response to anticancer drugs, such as doxorubicin, irinotecan or oxaliplatin, may reflect the efficiency for cancer therapy.
28442401	0	5	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	6	20	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28442401	21	29	enhances	T052	C2349975
28442401	30	41	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28442401	44	51	induced	T169	C0458082
28442401	52	64	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28442401	68	82	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
28442401	83	88	cells	T025	C0334227
28442401	89	94	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	107	119	pseudokinase	T116,T123	C0033684
28442401	129	168	regulate multiple pro-survival pathways	T038	C1327622
28442401	196	207	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
28442401	208	214	target	T169	C1521840
28442401	223	232	treatment	T061	C0920425
28442401	236	241	human	T016	C0086418
28442401	242	248	tumors	T191	C0027651
28442401	279	285	cancer	T191	C0006826
28442401	307	312	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	313	327	protein levels	T034	C0428479
28442401	359	363	good	T033	C0278250
28442401	368	382	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
28442401	386	401	cancer patients	T101	C1516213
28442401	445	450	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	451	461	expression	T045	C1171362
28442401	469	477	survival	T043	C0007620
28442401	481	495	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
28442401	496	501	cells	T025	C0334227
28442401	513	529	anticancer drugs	T109,T121	C0003392
28442401	549	555	tested	T169	C0039593
28442401	556	571	anticancer drug	T109,T121	C0003392
28442401	573	584	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28442401	586	593	induced	T169	C0458082
28442401	594	606	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28442401	621	626	TRIB3	T028	C1540055
28442401	627	640	transcription	T045	C0040649
28442401	664	684	apoptotic cell death	T043	C0162638
28442401	696	707	TRIB3 siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28442401	708	717	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28442401	730	737	enhance	T052	C2349975
28442401	738	749	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28442401	752	759	induced	T169	C0458082
28442401	760	769	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28442401	773	787	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
28442401	788	793	cells	T025	C0334227
28442401	826	836	expression	T045	C1171362
28442401	840	850	downstream	T082	C0522506
28442401	851	868	apoptotic factors	T116,T123	C0763396
28442401	882	896	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28442401	900	905	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	920	935	protected cells	T025	C0007634
28442401	944	955	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28442401	958	965	induced	T169	C0458082
28442401	966	975	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28442401	1003	1017	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28442401	1021	1026	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	1038	1045	promote	T052	C0033414
28442401	1046	1056	cell death	T043	C0007587
28442401	1061	1068	enhance	T052	C2349975
28442401	1069	1080	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28442401	1083	1090	induced	T169	C0458082
28442401	1091	1100	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28442401	1117	1131	anti-apoptotic	T120	C2986514
28442401	1140	1145	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	1151	1161	inductions	T045	C0017391
28442401	1182	1187	MAPKs	T116,T126	C0752312
28442401	1205	1216	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28442401	1227	1232	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	1233	1247	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28442401	1255	1260	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	1261	1275	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28442401	1291	1302	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28442401	1305	1312	induced	T169	C0458082
28442401	1313	1328	MAPK activation	T044	C1155551
28442401	1342	1350	findings	T033	C2825141
28442401	1365	1370	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	1380	1394	anti-apoptotic	T120	C2986514
28442401	1403	1414	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28442401	1424	1438	gastric cancer	T191	C0024623
28442401	1439	1449	cell lines	T025	C0334227
28442401	1489	1494	TRIB3	T116,T123	C1259051
28442401	1495	1505	expression	T045	C1171362
28442401	1521	1537	anticancer drugs	T109,T121	C0003392
28442401	1547	1558	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28442401	1560	1570	irinotecan	T109,T121	C0123931
28442401	1574	1585	oxaliplatin	T109,T121	C0069717
28442401	1618	1632	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425

28442480|t|Structure-function relations in physiology education: Where's the mechanism?
28442480|a|Physiology demands systems thinking: reasoning within and between levels of biological organization and across different organ systems. Many physiological mechanisms explain how structures and their properties interact at one level of organization to produce emergent functions at a higher level of organization. Current physiology principles, such as structure-function relations, selectively neglect mechanisms by not mentioning this term explicitly. We explored how students characterized mechanisms and functions to shed light on how students make sense of these terms. Students characterized mechanisms as 1) processes that occur at levels of organization lower than that of functions; and 2) as detailed events with many steps involved. We also found that students produced more variability in how they characterized functions compared with mechanisms: students characterized functions in relation to multiple levels of organization and multiple definitions. We interpret these results as evidence that students see mechanisms as holding a more narrow definition than used in the biological sciences, and that students struggle to coordinate and distinguish mechanisms from functions due to cognitive processes germane to learning in many domains. We offer the instructional suggestion that we scaffold student learning by affording students opportunities to relate and also distinguish between these terms so central to understanding physiology.
28442480	0	18	Structure-function	T044	C1148560
28442480	19	28	relations	T080	C0439849
28442480	32	42	physiology	T091	C0031842
28442480	43	52	education	T065	C0013621
28442480	66	75	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28442480	77	87	Physiology	T091	C0031842
28442480	88	95	demands	T169	C0205245
28442480	96	112	systems thinking	T033	C0243095
28442480	143	149	levels	T080	C0441889
28442480	153	176	biological organization	T017	C0700276
28442480	188	197	different	T080	C1705242
28442480	198	211	organ systems	T022	C0460002
28442480	218	231	physiological	T039	C0031845
28442480	232	242	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28442480	255	265	structures	T017	C0700276
28442480	276	286	properties	T080	C0871161
28442480	287	295	interact	T169	C1704675
28442480	303	308	level	T080	C0441889
28442480	312	324	organization	T017	C0700276
28442480	336	344	emergent	T078	C0750573
28442480	345	354	functions	T169	C0542341
28442480	367	372	level	T080	C0441889
28442480	376	388	organization	T017	C0700276
28442480	398	419	physiology principles	T039	C0031843
28442480	429	447	structure-function	T044	C1148560
28442480	448	457	relations	T080	C0439849
28442480	479	489	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28442480	513	517	term	T170	C2826302
28442480	546	554	students	T098	C0038492
28442480	555	568	characterized	T052	C1880022
28442480	569	579	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28442480	584	593	functions	T169	C0542341
28442480	615	623	students	T098	C0038492
28442480	644	649	terms	T170	C2826302
28442480	651	659	Students	T098	C0038492
28442480	660	673	characterized	T052	C1880022
28442480	674	684	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28442480	691	700	processes	T067	C1522240
28442480	706	711	occur	T052	C1709305
28442480	715	721	levels	T080	C0441889
28442480	725	737	organization	T017	C0700276
28442480	757	766	functions	T169	C0542341
28442480	778	786	detailed	T080	C1522508
28442480	787	793	events	T051	C0441471
28442480	804	809	steps	T077	C1261552
28442480	810	818	involved	T169	C1314939
28442480	839	847	students	T098	C0038492
28442480	862	873	variability	T077	C2827666
28442480	886	899	characterized	T052	C1880022
28442480	900	909	functions	T169	C0542341
28442480	910	918	compared	T052	C1707455
28442480	924	934	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28442480	936	944	students	T098	C0038492
28442480	945	958	characterized	T052	C1880022
28442480	959	968	functions	T169	C0542341
28442480	984	992	multiple	T081	C0439064
28442480	993	999	levels	T080	C0441889
28442480	1003	1015	organization	T017	C0700276
28442480	1020	1028	multiple	T081	C0439064
28442480	1029	1040	definitions	T170	C1704788
28442480	1061	1068	results	T169	C1274040
28442480	1072	1080	evidence	T078	C3887511
28442480	1086	1094	students	T098	C0038492
28442480	1099	1109	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28442480	1135	1145	definition	T170	C1704788
28442480	1163	1182	biological sciences	T090	C0005526
28442480	1193	1201	students	T098	C0038492
28442480	1214	1224	coordinate	T169	C0700114
28442480	1229	1240	distinguish	T080	C0205235
28442480	1241	1251	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28442480	1257	1266	functions	T169	C0542341
28442480	1274	1293	cognitive processes	T041	C0871689
28442480	1294	1301	germane	T078	C1706203
28442480	1305	1313	learning	T041	C0023185
28442480	1322	1329	domains	T169	C1880389
28442480	1344	1357	instructional	T065	C0039401
28442480	1358	1368	suggestion	T078	C1705535
28442480	1377	1385	scaffold	T080	C0205556
28442480	1386	1393	student	T098	C0038492
28442480	1394	1402	learning	T041	C0023185
28442480	1416	1424	students	T098	C0038492
28442480	1458	1469	distinguish	T080	C0205235
28442480	1484	1489	terms	T170	C2826302
28442480	1518	1528	physiology	T091	C0031842

28442859|t|Digital Myopericytoma: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review
28442859|a|A myopericytoma (MP) is an exceedingly rare perivascular tumor of unknown etiology. Given their potential for mimicry and malignancy, MP tumors pose a unique challenge for surgeons and may be overlooked on differential diagnosis. We present a case report of an otherwise healthy 33-year-old right-hand dominant male who presented to our outpatient clinic with a 2-month history of painless swelling and erythema of the pulp of his left index finger. Subsequent plain film X-ray showed near-complete bony destruction of his distal phalanx. Pathological evaluation of an incisional biopsy showed a benign variant of MP. The lesion was treated by excision with tumor shelling, and there was no evidence of recurrence 81 days postoperatively. A systematic literature review of the management and outcome of all known cases of hand and wrist MP is presented.
28442859	0	7	Digital	T023	C0016129
28442859	8	21	Myopericytoma	T191	C1302808
28442859	25	36	Case Report	T170	C0007320
28442859	41	69	Systematic Literature Review	T170	C1955832
28442859	72	85	myopericytoma	T191	C1302808
28442859	87	89	MP	T191	C1302808
28442859	114	132	perivascular tumor	T191	C1335392
28442859	136	152	unknown etiology	T033	C0743626
28442859	166	175	potential	T080	C3245505
28442859	180	187	mimicry	T044	C0242943
28442859	192	202	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28442859	204	213	MP tumors	T191	C1302808
28442859	242	250	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28442859	276	298	differential diagnosis	T060	C0011906
28442859	313	324	case report	T170	C0007320
28442859	341	348	healthy	T080	C3898900
28442859	361	380	right-hand dominant	T032	C0344333
28442859	381	385	male	T098	C0025266
28442859	407	424	outpatient clinic	T073,T093	C0029916
28442859	451	459	painless	T169	C0234226
28442859	460	468	swelling	T033	C0038999
28442859	473	518	erythema of the pulp of his left index finger	T033	C2071552
28442859	531	547	plain film X-ray	T060	C1306645
28442859	555	568	near-complete	T080	C0205197
28442859	569	585	bony destruction	T033	C3810196
28442859	593	607	distal phalanx	T023	C0223821
28442859	609	621	Pathological	T046	C0030660
28442859	622	632	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28442859	639	656	incisional biopsy	T060	C0184922
28442859	666	680	benign variant	T191	C0086692
28442859	684	686	MP	T191	C1302808
28442859	692	698	lesion	T033	C0221198
28442859	714	722	excision	T061	C0728940
28442859	728	733	tumor	T191	C0027651
28442859	734	742	shelling	T061	C1283248
28442859	758	772	no evidence of	T080	C0332125
28442859	773	783	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28442859	792	807	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28442859	847	857	management	T058	C0376636
28442859	862	869	outcome	T080	C0085415
28442859	883	888	cases	T170	C0085973
28442859	892	906	hand and wrist	T029	C0869996
28442859	907	909	MP	T191	C1302808

28443376|t|Remote Ischemic Conditioning and Renal Protection
28443376|a|Over the course of the last 2 decades, the concept of remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) has attracted considerable research interest, because RIC, in most of its embodiments offers an inexpensive way of protecting tissues against ischemic damage inflicted by a number of medical conditions or procedures. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common side effect in the context of various medical procedures, and RIC has been suggested as a means of reducing its incidence. Outcomes regarding kidney function have been reported in numerous studies that evaluated the effects of RIC in a variety of settings (eg, cardiac surgery, interventions requiring intravenous administration of contrast media). Although several individual studies have implied a beneficial effect of RIC in preserving kidney function, 3 recently published randomized controlled trials evaluating more than 1000 patients each (Effect of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in the Cardiac Surgery, Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning for Heart Surgery, and E RIC CA) were negative. However, AKI or any other index of renal function was not a stand-alone primary end point in any of these trials. On the other hand, a range of meta-analyses (each including thousands of participants) have reported mixed results, with the most recent among them showing benefit from RIC, pinpointing at the same time a number of shortcomings in published studies, adversely affecting the quality of available data. The present review provides a critical appraisal of the current state of this field of research. It is the opinion of the authors of this review that there is a clear need for a common clinical trial framework for ischemic conditioning studies. If the current babel of definitions, procedures, outcomes, and goals persists, it is most likely that soon ischemic conditioning will be "yesterday's news" with no definitive conclusions having been reached in terms of its real clinical utility.
28443376	0	6	Remote	T082	C0205157
28443376	7	28	Ischemic Conditioning	T061	C0376466
28443376	33	38	Renal	T023	C0022646
28443376	39	49	Protection	T033	C1545588
28443376	104	110	remote	T082	C0205157
28443376	111	132	ischemic conditioning	T061	C0376466
28443376	134	137	RIC	T061	C0376466
28443376	166	174	research	T062	C0035168
28443376	175	183	interest	T041	C0543488
28443376	193	196	RIC	T061	C0376466
28443376	254	264	protecting	T033	C1545588
28443376	265	272	tissues	T024	C0040300
28443376	281	289	ischemic	T169	C0475224
28443376	290	296	damage	T037	C0010957
28443376	322	329	medical	T169	C0205476
28443376	330	340	conditions	T080	C0348080
28443376	344	354	procedures	T058	C0199171
28443376	356	375	Acute kidney injury	T037	C2609414
28443376	377	380	AKI	T037	C2609414
28443376	394	405	side effect	T169	C0001688
28443376	432	450	medical procedures	T058	C0199171
28443376	456	459	RIC	T061	C0376466
28443376	517	525	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
28443376	536	551	kidney function	T042	C0232804
28443376	583	590	studies	T062	C0079816
28443376	610	620	effects of	T080	C1704420
28443376	621	624	RIC	T061	C0376466
28443376	655	670	cardiac surgery	T061	C0018821
28443376	672	685	interventions	T061	C0184661
28443376	696	722	intravenous administration	T082	C0013125
28443376	726	740	contrast media	T130	C0009924
28443376	771	778	studies	T062	C0079816
28443376	805	814	effect of	T080	C1704420
28443376	815	818	RIC	T061	C0376466
28443376	833	848	kidney function	T042	C0232804
28443376	871	899	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28443376	926	934	patients	T101	C0030705
28443376	941	950	Effect of	T080	C1704420
28443376	951	982	Remote Ischemic Preconditioning	T061	C0376442
28443376	990	1005	Cardiac Surgery	T061	C0018821
28443376	1007	1039	Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning	T061	C0376442
28443376	1044	1057	Heart Surgery	T061	C0018821
28443376	1063	1071	E RIC CA	T061	C0010055
28443376	1065	1068	RIC	T061	C0376466
28443376	1078	1086	negative	T033	C1513916
28443376	1097	1100	AKI	T037	C2609414
28443376	1123	1137	renal function	T042	C0232804
28443376	1194	1200	trials	T062	C0008976
28443376	1232	1245	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28443376	1275	1287	participants	T098	C0679646
28443376	1309	1316	results	T169	C1274040
28443376	1371	1374	RIC	T061	C0376466
28443376	1433	1442	published	T170	C1704324
28443376	1443	1450	studies	T062	C0079816
28443376	1452	1471	adversely affecting	T169	C0001688
28443376	1476	1483	quality	T080	C0332306
28443376	1487	1501	available data	T170	C0150098
28443376	1515	1521	review	T170	C0282443
28443376	1590	1598	research	T062	C0035168
28443376	1625	1632	authors	T097	C3812881
28443376	1641	1647	review	T170	C0282443
28443376	1688	1702	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
28443376	1717	1738	ischemic conditioning	T061	C0376466
28443376	1739	1746	studies	T062	C0079816
28443376	1772	1783	definitions	T170	C1704788
28443376	1785	1795	procedures	T169	C0025664
28443376	1797	1805	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28443376	1811	1825	goals persists	T170	C0679840
28443376	1855	1876	ischemic conditioning	T061	C0376466
28443376	1976	1992	clinical utility	T061	C0008971

28443481|t|Impact of Abnormal DNA Methylation of Imprinted Loci on Human Spontaneous Abortion
28443481|a|Currently, there is a growing concern regarding the safety of assisted reproductive technology (ART) due to increased risk of spontaneous abortion (SA) and imprinting disorders in ART - conceived offspring. Early investigations suggested that aberrant genetic imprinting may be related to pregnancy loss; however, few studies have used human tissue specimens. Here the DNA methylation patterns of 3 imprinted genes, including maternally inherited GRB10 and the paternally inherited IGF2 and PEG3 genes, were evaluated in human chorionic villus samples by pyrosequencing and bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction. The samples were divided into 4 groups: (1) SA of natural conception (NC; n = 84), (2) induced abortion of NC (n = 94), (3) SA after ART (n = 73), and (4) fetal reduction after ART (n = 86). The methylation levels and the percentages of abnormal methylation of the IGF2, GRB10, and PEG3 genes between the ART group and the NC group showed no significant difference. Both IGF2 and GRB10 genes showed higher methylation levels in the SA group compared to the non-SA group. Additionally, determining the single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 4 loci, including IGF2 rs3741205, rs3741206, rs3741211, and GRB10 rs2237457, showed that the TC+CC genotype of IGF2 rs3741211 had a 1.91-fold increased risk of SA after ART. However, there was no association between the mutant genotype of IGF2 rs3741211 and the methylation levels of IGF2 and H19, and ART might not affect the distribution of the abovementioned genotypes. It provides support for the opinion that genetic imprinting defects may be associated with SA, which might not be due to ART treatments.
28443481	0	6	Impact	T080	C4049986
28443481	10	18	Abnormal	T033	C0205161
28443481	19	34	DNA Methylation	T044	C0376452
28443481	38	52	Imprinted Loci	T028	C0678933
28443481	56	61	Human	T016	C0086418
28443481	62	82	Spontaneous Abortion	T046	C0000786
28443481	135	141	safety	T068	C0036043
28443481	145	177	assisted reproductive technology	T061	C0872104
28443481	179	182	ART	T061	C0872104
28443481	191	200	increased	T081	C0205217
28443481	201	205	risk	T078	C0035647
28443481	209	229	spontaneous abortion	T046	C0000786
28443481	231	233	SA	T046	C0000786
28443481	239	259	imprinting disorders	T047	C0012634
28443481	263	266	ART	T061	C0872104
28443481	269	278	conceived	T169	C0232908
28443481	279	288	offspring	T099	C0680063
28443481	290	295	Early	T079	C1279919
28443481	296	310	investigations	T058	C0220825
28443481	326	334	aberrant	T080	C0443127
28443481	335	353	genetic imprinting	T044	C2754720
28443481	372	386	pregnancy loss	T046	C0687675
28443481	419	424	human	T016	C0086418
28443481	425	441	tissue specimens	T024	C1292533
28443481	452	467	DNA methylation	T044	C0376452
28443481	482	497	imprinted genes	T028	C0017337
28443481	509	529	maternally inherited	T045	C4277511
28443481	530	535	GRB10	T028	C1366512
28443481	544	564	paternally inherited	T045	C4277541
28443481	565	569	IGF2	T028	C1334091
28443481	574	584	PEG3 genes	T028	C1418452
28443481	604	609	human	T016	C0086418
28443481	610	626	chorionic villus	T018	C0008508
28443481	627	634	samples	T167	C0370003
28443481	638	652	pyrosequencing	T059	C2732543
28443481	657	677	bisulfite sequencing	T063	C3831347
28443481	678	703	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
28443481	709	716	samples	T167	C0370003
28443481	737	743	groups	T078	C0441833
28443481	749	751	SA	T046	C0000786
28443481	755	773	natural conception	T033	C2113898
28443481	775	777	NC	T033	C2113898
28443481	792	808	induced abortion	T061	C0392535
28443481	812	814	NC	T033	C2113898
28443481	829	831	SA	T046	C0000786
28443481	838	841	ART	T061	C0872104
28443481	860	875	fetal reduction	T061	C0242835
28443481	882	885	ART	T061	C0872104
28443481	900	911	methylation	T044	C0376452
28443481	912	918	levels	T080	C0441889
28443481	927	938	percentages	T081	C0439165
28443481	942	950	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28443481	951	962	methylation	T044	C0376452
28443481	970	974	IGF2	T028	C1334091
28443481	976	981	GRB10	T028	C1366512
28443481	987	997	PEG3 genes	T028	C1418452
28443481	1010	1013	ART	T061	C0872104
28443481	1014	1019	group	T078	C0441833
28443481	1028	1030	NC	T033	C2113898
28443481	1031	1036	group	T078	C0441833
28443481	1044	1058	no significant	T033	C3694175
28443481	1059	1069	difference	T081	C1705241
28443481	1076	1080	IGF2	T028	C1334091
28443481	1085	1096	GRB10 genes	T028	C1366512
28443481	1111	1122	methylation	T044	C0376452
28443481	1123	1129	levels	T080	C0441889
28443481	1137	1139	SA	T046	C0000786
28443481	1140	1145	group	T078	C0441833
28443481	1162	1174	non-SA group	T078	C0441833
28443481	1206	1237	single-nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28443481	1241	1247	4 loci	T028	C0678933
28443481	1259	1273	IGF2 rs3741205	T028	C1334091
28443481	1275	1284	rs3741206	T028	C1334091
28443481	1286	1295	rs3741211	T028	C1334091
28443481	1301	1316	GRB10 rs2237457	T028	C1366512
28443481	1334	1348	TC+CC genotype	T032	C0017431
28443481	1352	1366	IGF2 rs3741211	T028	C1334091
28443481	1383	1392	increased	T081	C0205217
28443481	1393	1397	risk	T078	C0035647
28443481	1401	1403	SA	T046	C0000786
28443481	1410	1413	ART	T061	C0872104
28443481	1434	1436	no	T033	C1513916
28443481	1437	1448	association	T080	C0439849
28443481	1461	1467	mutant	T028	C0678941
28443481	1468	1476	genotype	T032	C0017431
28443481	1480	1494	IGF2 rs3741211	T028	C1334091
28443481	1503	1514	methylation	T044	C0376452
28443481	1515	1521	levels	T080	C0441889
28443481	1525	1529	IGF2	T028	C1334091
28443481	1534	1537	H19	T028	C1333887
28443481	1543	1546	ART	T061	C0872104
28443481	1568	1580	distribution	T169	C1704711
28443481	1603	1612	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28443481	1655	1673	genetic imprinting	T044	C2754720
28443481	1674	1681	defects	T169	C0243067
28443481	1689	1704	associated with	T080	C0332281
28443481	1705	1707	SA	T046	C0000786
28443481	1735	1738	ART	T061	C0872104
28443481	1739	1749	treatments	T061	C0087111

28443672|t|Heightened HIV antibody responses in postpartum women as exemplified by recent infection assays: implications for incidence estimates
28443672|a|Laboratory assays that identify recent HIV infections are important for assessing impacts of interventions aimed at reducing HIV incidence. Kinetics of HIV humoral responses can vary with inherent assay properties, and between HIV subtypes, populations and physiological states. They are important in determining mean duration of recent infection (MDRI) for antibody-based assays for detecting recent HIV infections. We determined MDRIs for BED-CEIA, LAg and BRAI assays for 101 seroconverting postpartum women, recruited in Harare in 1997- 2000 during the Zimbabwe Vitamin A for Mothers and Babies (ZVITAMBO) Trial, comparing them against published MDRIs estimated from seroconverting cases in the general population. We also compared MDRIs for women who seroconverted either during the first nine months, or at later stages, postpartum. At cut-offs (C) of 0.8 for BED, 1.5 for LAg and 40% for BRAI, estimated MDRIs for postpartum mothers, were 192, 104 and 144 days, 33%, 32-41% and 52% lower than published estimates of 287, 152-177 and 298 days, respectively, for clade C samples from general populations. Point estimates of MDRI values were 7 - 19% shorter for women who seroconverted in the first 9- months postpartum, compared with those seroconverting later. MDRI values for three HIV incidence biomarkers are longer in the general population than among postpartum women, particularly those who recently gave birth, consistent with heightened immunologic activation soon after birth. Our results provide a caution that MDRI may vary significantly between subjects in different physiological states.
28443672	0	10	Heightened	T080	C0442803
28443672	11	23	HIV antibody	T116,T129	C0019683
28443672	24	33	responses	T038	C0003261
28443672	37	53	postpartum women	T101	C0032804
28443672	79	95	infection assays	T059	C0005507
28443672	97	109	implications	T078	C1705535
28443672	114	123	incidence	T081	C0021149
28443672	124	133	estimates	T081	C0750572
28443672	134	151	Laboratory assays	T059	C0005507
28443672	157	165	identify	T080	C0205396
28443672	166	187	recent HIV infections	T047	C0019693
28443672	206	215	assessing	T058	C0184514
28443672	216	223	impacts	T080	C4049986
28443672	227	240	interventions	T058	C1273869
28443672	250	258	reducing	T080	C0392756
28443672	259	262	HIV	T047	C0019693
28443672	263	272	incidence	T081	C0021149
28443672	274	282	Kinetics	T070	C0022702
28443672	286	289	HIV	T047	C0019693
28443672	290	307	humoral responses	T043	C1155229
28443672	322	347	inherent assay properties	T080	C0871161
28443672	361	364	HIV	T005	C0019682
28443672	365	373	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28443672	375	386	populations	T098	C1257890
28443672	391	411	physiological states	T039	C0031843
28443672	452	460	duration	T079	C0449238
28443672	464	480	recent infection	T033	C2169571
28443672	482	486	MDRI	T033	C2169571
28443672	492	513	antibody-based assays	T059	C0005507
28443672	518	527	detecting	T061	C1511790
28443672	528	549	recent HIV infections	T047	C0019693
28443672	565	570	MDRIs	T033	C2169571
28443672	575	583	BED-CEIA	T059	C0086231
28443672	585	588	LAg	T059	C0086231
28443672	593	604	BRAI assays	T059	C0086231
28443672	613	627	seroconverting	T070	C4042908
28443672	628	644	postpartum women	T101	C0032804
28443672	659	665	Harare	UnknownType	C0681784
28443672	691	749	Zimbabwe Vitamin A for Mothers and Babies (ZVITAMBO) Trial	T062	C0008976
28443672	751	760	comparing	T052	C1707455
28443672	774	783	published	T170	C0993637
28443672	784	789	MDRIs	T033	C2169571
28443672	790	799	estimated	T081	C0750572
28443672	805	819	seroconverting	T070	C4042908
28443672	820	825	cases	T077	C1706256
28443672	833	851	general population	T098	C0683971
28443672	861	869	compared	T052	C1707455
28443672	870	875	MDRIs	T033	C2169571
28443672	880	885	women	T098	C0043210
28443672	890	903	seroconverted	T070	C4042908
28443672	933	939	months	T079	C0439231
28443672	953	959	stages	T079	C0205390
28443672	961	971	postpartum	T079	C0086839
28443672	1000	1003	BED	T059	C0086231
28443672	1013	1016	LAg	T059	C0086231
28443672	1029	1033	BRAI	T059	C0086231
28443672	1035	1044	estimated	T081	C0750572
28443672	1045	1050	MDRIs	T033	C2169571
28443672	1055	1073	postpartum mothers	T101	C0032804
28443672	1097	1101	days	T079	C0439228
28443672	1123	1128	lower	T080	C0205251
28443672	1134	1153	published estimates	T170	C0993637
28443672	1178	1182	days	T079	C0439228
28443672	1202	1209	clade C	T185	C0449560
28443672	1210	1217	samples	T077	C2347026
28443672	1223	1242	general populations	T098	C0683971
28443672	1244	1259	Point estimates	T062	C1709586
28443672	1263	1267	MDRI	T033	C2169571
28443672	1268	1274	values	T170	C1285164
28443672	1288	1295	shorter	T080	C0205251
28443672	1300	1305	women	T098	C0043210
28443672	1310	1323	seroconverted	T070	C4042908
28443672	1340	1346	months	T079	C0439231
28443672	1347	1357	postpartum	T079	C0086839
28443672	1379	1393	seroconverting	T070	C4042908
28443672	1401	1405	MDRI	T033	C2169571
28443672	1406	1412	values	T170	C1285164
28443672	1423	1426	HIV	T047	C0019693
28443672	1427	1436	incidence	T081	C0021149
28443672	1437	1447	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28443672	1452	1458	longer	T080	C0205250
28443672	1466	1484	general population	T098	C0683971
28443672	1496	1512	postpartum women	T101	C0032804
28443672	1551	1556	birth	T040	C0005615
28443672	1558	1573	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28443672	1574	1584	heightened	T080	C0442803
28443672	1585	1607	immunologic activation	T039	C1512670
28443672	1619	1624	birth	T040	C0005615
28443672	1630	1637	results	T169	C1274040
28443672	1661	1665	MDRI	T033	C2169571
28443672	1675	1688	significantly	T078	C0750502
28443672	1697	1705	subjects	T098	C2349001
28443672	1719	1739	physiological states	T039	C0031843

28444830|t|Gene expression reveals evidence for EGFR -dependent proximal-distal limb patterning in a myriapod
28444830|a|Evolution of segmented limbs is one of the key innovations of Arthropoda, allowing development of functionally specific specialized head and trunk appendages, a major factor behind their unmatched evolutionary success. Proximodistal limb patterning is controlled by two regulatory networks in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, and other insects. The first is represented by the function of the morphogens Wingless (Wg) and Decapentaplegic (Dpp); the second by the EGFR-signaling cascade. While the role of Wg and Dpp has been studied in a wide range of arthropods representing all main branches, that is, Pancrustacea (= Hexapoda + Crustacea), Myriapoda and Chelicerata, investigation of the potential role of EGFR-signaling is restricted to insects (Hexapoda). Gene expression analysis of Egfr, its potential ligands, and putative downstream factors in the pill millipede Glomeris marginata (Myriapoda: Diplopoda), reveals that-in at least mandibulate arthropods - EGFR-signaling is likely a conserved regulatory mechanism in proximodistal limb patterning.
28444830	0	15	Gene expression	T045	C0017262
28444830	24	32	evidence	T078	C3887511
28444830	37	41	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28444830	53	73	proximal-distal limb	T023	C0015385
28444830	74	84	patterning	T045	C0376678
28444830	90	98	myriapod	T204	C0597910
28444830	99	108	Evolution	T045	C0015219
28444830	112	127	segmented limbs	T023	C0015385
28444830	161	171	Arthropoda	T204	C0003903
28444830	231	235	head	T029	C0018670
28444830	240	245	trunk	T029	C0460005
28444830	246	256	appendages	T023	C0598782
28444830	318	336	Proximodistal limb	T023	C0015385
28444830	337	347	patterning	T045	C0376678
28444830	369	388	regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
28444830	396	407	vinegar fly	T204	C0598324
28444830	408	431	Drosophila melanogaster	T204	C0013139
28444830	443	450	insects	T204	C0021585
28444830	500	510	morphogens	T123	C0566267
28444830	511	519	Wingless	T116	C0168282
28444830	521	523	Wg	T116	C0168282
28444830	529	544	Decapentaplegic	T116,T123	C0082344
28444830	546	549	Dpp	T116,T123	C0082344
28444830	570	592	EGFR-signaling cascade	T044	C1155379
28444830	612	614	Wg	T116	C0168282
28444830	619	622	Dpp	T116,T123	C0082344
28444830	632	639	studied	T062	C2603343
28444830	659	669	arthropods	T204	C0003903
28444830	711	723	Pancrustacea	T204	C1218615
28444830	727	735	Hexapoda	T204	C1095852
28444830	738	747	Crustacea	T204	C0010395
28444830	750	759	Myriapoda	T204	C0597910
28444830	764	775	Chelicerata	T204	C0998333
28444830	777	790	investigation	T169	C1292732
28444830	816	830	EGFR-signaling	T044	C1155379
28444830	848	855	insects	T204	C0021585
28444830	857	865	Hexapoda	T204	C1095852
28444830	868	892	Gene expression analysis	T063	C1880945
28444830	896	900	Egfr	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28444830	906	915	potential	T080	C3245505
28444830	916	923	ligands	T103	C0023688
28444830	929	956	putative downstream factors	T116,T123	C0033684
28444830	964	978	pill millipede	T204	C0323823
28444830	979	997	Glomeris marginata	T204	C1023180
28444830	999	1008	Myriapoda	T204	C0597910
28444830	1010	1019	Diplopoda	T204	C0323823
28444830	1047	1058	mandibulate	T204	C1218616
28444830	1059	1069	arthropods	T204	C0003903
28444830	1072	1086	EGFR-signaling	T044	C1155379
28444830	1109	1129	regulatory mechanism	T033	C0243095
28444830	1133	1151	proximodistal limb	T023	C0015385
28444830	1152	1162	patterning	T045	C0376678

28445368|t|Correcting Concavity of Rabbit Auricular Cartilage: Comparison of Single Scoring Incisions with Butyl Cyanoacrylate -Aided Techniques
28445368|a|The authors present the results of an experimental study in which four different techniques were used for the correction of concave rabbit auricular cartilage. Sixteen New Zealand adult male rabbits were used in the study. Butyl cyanoacrylate -aided cartilage graft fixation and butyl cyanoacrylate -aided bone graft fixation and scoring technique, alone or combined with butyl cyanoacrylate application, were performed to correct the concavity of rabbit auricular cartilage. Angle measurements showed that all four techniques were efficient for correction of the cartilage concavities. However, the mean postsacrifice angles of the graft fixation groups were significantly higher than those of the other study groups, reflecting the fact that graft fixation with butyl cyanoacrylate application was more efficient for preserving the final cartilage shape. Furthermore, in the ninth month, graft fixation groups had the lowest chondrocyte densities, the highest degree of inflammation, the highest degree of foreign body reaction, and the highest butyl cyanoacrylate density. Fibrosis or chondrocyte proliferation on scoring incision lines is not an associated feature of this technique. When the incision depths were standardized, the scoring technique provided efficacy similar to that of the scoring incisions combined with butyl cyanoacrylate application for correction of the cartilage concavity. The scoring incision plus butyl cyanoacrylate group showed less toxicity than the graft fixation groups because of rapid removal of toxic breakdown products. Graft fixation techniques were superior to other corrective procedures with regard to preservation of the final cartilage shape. Although they resulted in greater toxicity, the cartilage correction was not affected unfavorably.
28445368	0	10	Correcting	T169	C1947976
28445368	11	20	Concavity	T082	C0521162
28445368	24	30	Rabbit	T015	C3887509
28445368	31	50	Auricular Cartilage	T023	C0229320
28445368	52	62	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28445368	73	90	Scoring Incisions	T061	C0184898
28445368	96	115	Butyl Cyanoacrylate	T109,T122	C0014035
28445368	123	133	Techniques	T169	C0449851
28445368	158	165	results	T169	C1274040
28445368	172	190	experimental study	T062	C0681814
28445368	215	225	techniques	T169	C0449851
28445368	244	254	correction	T169	C1947976
28445368	258	265	concave	T082	C0521162
28445368	266	272	rabbit	T015	C3887509
28445368	273	292	auricular cartilage	T023	C0229320
28445368	302	313	New Zealand	T083	C0027978
28445368	314	319	adult	T100	C0001675
28445368	320	324	male	T032	C0086582
28445368	325	332	rabbits	T015	C3887509
28445368	350	355	study	T062	C2603343
28445368	357	376	Butyl cyanoacrylate	T109,T122	C0014035
28445368	384	408	cartilage graft fixation	T061	C1271247
28445368	413	432	butyl cyanoacrylate	T109,T122	C0014035
28445368	440	450	bone graft	T061	C3701420
28445368	451	459	fixation	T061	C0185023
28445368	464	481	scoring technique	T061	C0184898
28445368	506	525	butyl cyanoacrylate	T109,T122	C0014035
28445368	526	537	application	T169	C4048755
28445368	557	564	correct	T169	C1947976
28445368	569	578	concavity	T082	C0521162
28445368	582	588	rabbit	T015	C3887509
28445368	589	608	auricular cartilage	T023	C0229320
28445368	610	615	Angle	T082	C0205143
28445368	616	628	measurements	T169	C0242485
28445368	650	660	techniques	T169	C0449851
28445368	666	675	efficient	T080	C0442799
28445368	680	690	correction	T169	C1947976
28445368	698	707	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28445368	708	719	concavities	T082	C0521162
28445368	734	738	mean	T081	C0444504
28445368	753	759	angles	T082	C0205143
28445368	767	772	graft	T061	C1961139
28445368	773	781	fixation	T061	C0185023
28445368	782	788	groups	T078	C0441833
28445368	794	814	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28445368	839	844	study	T062	C2603343
28445368	845	851	groups	T078	C0441833
28445368	868	872	fact	T078	C3687477
28445368	878	883	graft	T061	C1961139
28445368	884	892	fixation	T061	C0185023
28445368	898	917	butyl cyanoacrylate	T109,T122	C0014035
28445368	918	929	application	T169	C4048755
28445368	939	948	efficient	T080	C0442799
28445368	953	963	preserving	T169	C0728887
28445368	974	983	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28445368	984	989	shape	T082	C0332479
28445368	1017	1022	month	T079	C0439231
28445368	1024	1029	graft	T061	C1961139
28445368	1030	1038	fixation	T061	C0185023
28445368	1039	1045	groups	T078	C0441833
28445368	1061	1072	chondrocyte	T025	C0225369
28445368	1073	1082	densities	T081	C0178587
28445368	1106	1118	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28445368	1142	1163	foreign body reaction	T046	C0016549
28445368	1181	1200	butyl cyanoacrylate	T109,T122	C0014035
28445368	1201	1208	density	T081	C0178587
28445368	1210	1218	Fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28445368	1222	1247	chondrocyte proliferation	T043	C3271470
28445368	1251	1267	scoring incision	T061	C0184898
28445368	1284	1294	associated	T080	C0332281
28445368	1295	1302	feature	T080	C2348519
28445368	1311	1320	technique	T169	C0449851
28445368	1331	1346	incision depths	T033	C2116677
28445368	1352	1364	standardized	T170	C0237892
28445368	1370	1387	scoring technique	T061	C0184898
28445368	1397	1405	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28445368	1429	1446	scoring incisions	T061	C0184898
28445368	1461	1480	butyl cyanoacrylate	T109,T122	C0014035
28445368	1481	1492	application	T169	C4048755
28445368	1497	1507	correction	T169	C1947976
28445368	1515	1524	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28445368	1525	1534	concavity	T082	C0521162
28445368	1540	1556	scoring incision	T061	C0184898
28445368	1562	1581	butyl cyanoacrylate	T109,T122	C0014035
28445368	1582	1587	group	T078	C0441833
28445368	1600	1608	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28445368	1618	1623	graft	T061	C1961139
28445368	1624	1632	fixation	T061	C0185023
28445368	1633	1639	groups	T078	C0441833
28445368	1668	1673	toxic	T080	C1407029
28445368	1674	1683	breakdown	T040	C0699900
28445368	1684	1692	products	T071	C1514468
28445368	1694	1699	Graft	T061	C1961139
28445368	1700	1708	fixation	T061	C0185023
28445368	1709	1719	techniques	T169	C0449851
28445368	1725	1733	superior	T082	C1282910
28445368	1743	1753	corrective	T169	C1947976
28445368	1754	1764	procedures	T169	C2700391
28445368	1780	1792	preservation	T059	C1514402
28445368	1806	1815	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28445368	1816	1821	shape	T082	C0332479
28445368	1837	1845	resulted	T169	C1274040
28445368	1857	1865	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28445368	1871	1880	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28445368	1881	1891	correction	T169	C1947976
28445368	1900	1908	affected	T169	C0392760

28445375|t|A New Classification of Three-Dimensional Printing Technologies: Systematic Review of Three-Dimensional Printing for Patient -Specific Craniomaxillofacial Surgery
28445375|a|Three-dimensional printing technology has been advancing in surgical applications. This systematic review examines its patient -specific applications in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Terms related to " three-dimensional printing " and " surgery " were searched on PubMed on May 4, 2015; 313 unique articles were returned. Inclusion and exclusion criteria concentrated on patient -specific surgical applications, yielding 141 full-text articles, of which 33 craniomaxillofacial articles were analyzed. Thirty-three articles included 315 patients who underwent three-dimensional printing -assisted operations. The most common modeling software was Mimics, the most common printing software was 3D Systems, the average time to create a printed object was 18.9 hours (range, 1.5 to 96 hours), and the average cost of a printed object was $1353.31 (range, $69.75 to $5500). Surgical procedures were divided among 203 craniofacial patients (205 three-dimensional printing objects) and 112 maxillofacial patients (137 objects). Printing technologies could be classified as contour models, guides, splints, and implants. For craniofacial patients, 173 contour models (84 percent), 13 guides (6 percent), two splints (1 percent), and 17 implants (8 percent) were made. For maxillofacial patients, 41 contour models (30 percent), 48 guides (35 percent), 40 splints (29 percent), and eight implants (6 percent) were made. These distributions were significantly different (p < 0.0001). Four studies compared three-dimensional printing techniques to conventional techniques; two of them found that three-dimensional printing produced improved outcomes. Three-dimensional printing technology in craniomaxillofacial surgery can be classified into contour models (type I), guides (type II), splints (type III), and implants (type IV). These four methods vary in their use between craniofacial and maxillofacial surgery, reflecting their different goals. This understanding may help advance and predict three-dimensional printing applications for other types of plastic surgery and beyond.
28445375	6	20	Classification	T185	C0008902
28445375	24	50	Three-Dimensional Printing	T073	C3849992
28445375	51	63	Technologies	T058	C0752188
28445375	65	82	Systematic Review	T170	C1955832
28445375	86	112	Three-Dimensional Printing	T073	C3849992
28445375	117	124	Patient	T101	C0030705
28445375	135	162	Craniomaxillofacial Surgery	T061	C0812928
28445375	163	189	Three-dimensional printing	T073	C3849992
28445375	190	200	technology	T058	C0752188
28445375	223	244	surgical applications	T169	C0038895
28445375	251	268	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28445375	282	289	patient	T101	C0030705
28445375	316	343	craniomaxillofacial surgery	T061	C0812928
28445375	345	350	Terms	T078	C1705313
28445375	364	390	three-dimensional printing	T073	C3849992
28445375	399	406	surgery	T061	C0543467
28445375	426	432	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28445375	453	459	unique	T080	C1710548
28445375	460	468	articles	T170	C0282420
28445375	484	493	Inclusion	T080	C1512693
28445375	498	516	exclusion criteria	T169	C0680251
28445375	533	540	patient	T101	C0030705
28445375	551	559	surgical	T061	C0543467
28445375	597	605	articles	T170	C0282420
28445375	619	647	craniomaxillofacial articles	T170	C0282420
28445375	653	661	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28445375	676	684	articles	T170	C0282420
28445375	698	706	patients	T101	C0030705
28445375	721	747	three-dimensional printing	T073	C3849992
28445375	758	768	operations	T061	C0543467
28445375	786	803	modeling software	T073,T170	C0037585
28445375	808	814	Mimics	T073,T170	C0037585
28445375	832	849	printing software	T073,T170	C0037585
28445375	854	864	3D Systems	T073,T170	C0037585
28445375	870	882	average time	T033	C1717587
28445375	895	909	printed object	T073	C3273359
28445375	919	924	hours	T079	C0439227
28445375	943	948	hours	T079	C0439227
28445375	977	991	printed object	T073	C3273359
28445375	1031	1050	Surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
28445375	1074	1095	craniofacial patients	T101	C0030705
28445375	1101	1135	three-dimensional printing objects	T073	C3273359
28445375	1145	1167	maxillofacial patients	T101	C0030705
28445375	1173	1180	objects	T073	C3273359
28445375	1183	1204	Printing technologies	T058	C0752188
28445375	1214	1224	classified	T185	C0008902
28445375	1228	1242	contour models	T075	C0026336
28445375	1244	1250	guides	T074	C0302614
28445375	1252	1259	splints	T074	C0038009
28445375	1265	1273	implants	T074	C0021102
28445375	1279	1300	craniofacial patients	T101	C0030705
28445375	1306	1320	contour models	T075	C0026336
28445375	1338	1344	guides	T074	C0302614
28445375	1362	1369	splints	T074	C0038009
28445375	1390	1398	implants	T074	C0021102
28445375	1426	1448	maxillofacial patients	T101	C0030705
28445375	1453	1467	contour models	T075	C0026336
28445375	1485	1491	guides	T074	C0302614
28445375	1509	1516	splints	T074	C0038009
28445375	1541	1549	implants	T074	C0021102
28445375	1598	1611	significantly	T078	C0750502
28445375	1641	1648	studies	T062	C0008972
28445375	1658	1684	three-dimensional printing	T073	C3849992
28445375	1685	1695	techniques	T058	C0752188
28445375	1699	1722	conventional techniques	T169	C0449851
28445375	1747	1773	three-dimensional printing	T073	C3849992
28445375	1802	1828	Three-dimensional printing	T073	C3849992
28445375	1829	1839	technology	T058	C0752188
28445375	1843	1870	craniomaxillofacial surgery	T061	C0812928
28445375	1878	1888	classified	T185	C0008902
28445375	1894	1908	contour models	T075	C0026336
28445375	1919	1925	guides	T074	C0302614
28445375	1937	1944	splints	T074	C0038009
28445375	1961	1969	implants	T074	C0021102
28445375	1992	1999	methods	T170	C0025663
28445375	2026	2038	craniofacial	T061	C0543467
28445375	2043	2064	maxillofacial surgery	T061	C0543467
28445375	2093	2098	goals	T170	C0018017
28445375	2148	2174	three-dimensional printing	T073	C3849992
28445375	2207	2222	plastic surgery	T061	C0677616

28445497|t|Prostaglandin E2 produced following infection with Theiler's virus promotes the pathogenesis of demyelinating disease
28445497|a|Infection of various cells with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) activates the TLR - and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-dependent pathways, resulting in the production of IL-1β via the activation of caspase-1 upon assembly of the node-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The role of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of TMEV - induced demyelinating disease was previously investigated. However, the signaling effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) downstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome on the immune responses to viral determinants and the pathogenesis of demyelinating disease are unknown. In this study, we investigated the levels of intermediate molecules leading to PGE2 signaling and the effects of blocking PGE2 signaling on the immune response to TMEV infection, viral persistence and the development of demyelinating disease. We demonstrate here that TMEV infection activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and PGE2 signaling much more vigorously in dendritic cells (DCs) and CD11b+ cells from susceptible SJL mice than in cells from resistant B6 mice. Inhibition of virus - induced PGE2 signaling using AH23848 resulted in decreased pathogenesis of demyelinating disease and viral loads in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, AH23848 treatment caused the elevation of protective early IFN-γ - producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Because the levels of IFN-β were lower in AH23848 - treated mice but the level of IL-6 was similar, over-production of pathogenic IFN-β was modulated and the generation of IFN-γ - producing T cell responses was enhanced by the inhibition of PGE2 signaling. These results strongly suggest that excessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and downstream PGE2 signaling contribute to the pathogenesis of TMEV - induced demyelinating disease.
28445497	0	16	Prostaglandin E2	T109	C3813211
28445497	36	45	infection	T046	C3714514
28445497	51	66	Theiler's virus	T005	C0206425
28445497	67	75	promotes	T052	C0033414
28445497	80	92	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28445497	96	117	demyelinating disease	T047	C0011303
28445497	118	127	Infection	T046	C3714514
28445497	139	144	cells	T025	C0007634
28445497	150	190	Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus	T005	C0206425
28445497	192	196	TMEV	T005	C0206425
28445497	198	207	activates	T044	C1148560
28445497	212	215	TLR	T116,T192	C0670896
28445497	222	290	melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-dependent pathways	T044	C3271892
28445497	292	304	resulting in	T169	C0332294
28445497	309	319	production	T043	C0007613
28445497	323	328	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28445497	337	347	activation	T044	C0014429
28445497	351	360	caspase-1	T116,T126	C0534519
28445497	366	431	assembly of the node-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome	T044	C3272079
28445497	445	450	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28445497	458	470	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28445497	474	478	TMEV	T005	C0206425
28445497	481	488	induced	T169	C0205263
28445497	489	510	demyelinating disease	T047	C0011303
28445497	526	538	investigated	T169	C1292732
28445497	553	562	signaling	T043	C0037083
28445497	563	570	effects	T080	C1280500
28445497	574	590	prostaglandin E2	T109	C3813211
28445497	592	596	PGE2	T109	C3813211
28445497	598	608	downstream	T082	C0522506
28445497	616	634	NLRP3 inflammasome	T026	C3156614
28445497	642	658	immune responses	T042	C0301872
28445497	662	667	viral	T005	C0042776
28445497	668	680	determinants	T129	C0003316
28445497	689	701	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28445497	705	726	demyelinating disease	T047	C0011303
28445497	748	753	study	T062	C2603343
28445497	758	770	investigated	T169	C1292732
28445497	775	781	levels	T080	C0441889
28445497	785	797	intermediate	T082	C0205103
28445497	798	807	molecules	T167	C0567416
28445497	819	823	PGE2	T109	C3813211
28445497	824	833	signaling	T043	C0037083
28445497	842	849	effects	T080	C1280500
28445497	853	861	blocking	T169	C0332206
28445497	862	866	PGE2	T109	C3813211
28445497	867	876	signaling	T043	C0037083
28445497	884	899	immune response	T042	C0301872
28445497	903	907	TMEV	T005	C0206425
28445497	908	917	infection	T046	C3714514
28445497	919	924	viral	T005	C0042776
28445497	925	936	persistence	T033	C0243095
28445497	945	956	development	T169	C1527148
28445497	960	981	demyelinating disease	T047	C0011303
28445497	1008	1012	TMEV	T005	C0206425
28445497	1013	1022	infection	T046	C3714514
28445497	1023	1032	activates	T044	C1148560
28445497	1037	1055	NLRP3 inflammasome	T026	C3156614
28445497	1060	1064	PGE2	T109	C3813211
28445497	1065	1074	signaling	T043	C0037083
28445497	1085	1095	vigorously	T080	C1690553
28445497	1099	1114	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
28445497	1116	1119	DCs	T025	C0011306
28445497	1125	1137	CD11b+ cells	T025	C1267867
28445497	1143	1154	susceptible	T169	C0231204
28445497	1155	1163	SJL mice	T015	C1519146
28445497	1172	1177	cells	T025	C0007634
28445497	1183	1192	resistant	T169	C0332325
28445497	1193	1200	B6 mice	T015	C0025929
28445497	1202	1212	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28445497	1216	1221	virus	T005	C0206425
28445497	1224	1231	induced	T169	C0205263
28445497	1232	1236	PGE2	T109	C3813211
28445497	1237	1246	signaling	T043	C0037083
28445497	1253	1260	AH23848	T109,T121	C0051000
28445497	1261	1269	resulted	T169	C1274040
28445497	1273	1282	decreased	T081	C0205216
28445497	1283	1295	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28445497	1299	1320	demyelinating disease	T047	C0011303
28445497	1325	1336	viral loads	T033	C0376705
28445497	1344	1366	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
28445497	1368	1371	CNS	T022	C3714787
28445497	1387	1394	AH23848	T109,T121	C0051000
28445497	1395	1404	treatment	T061	C0087111
28445497	1416	1425	elevation	T082	C0702240
28445497	1429	1439	protective	T033	C1545588
28445497	1446	1451	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28445497	1454	1463	producing	T043	C0007613
28445497	1464	1468	CD4+	T025	C0039215
28445497	1473	1484	CD8+ T cell	T025	C0242629
28445497	1485	1494	responses	T032	C0871261
28445497	1508	1514	levels	T080	C0441889
28445497	1518	1523	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
28445497	1538	1545	AH23848	T109,T121	C0051000
28445497	1548	1555	treated	T169	C1522326
28445497	1556	1560	mice	T015	C0025929
28445497	1578	1582	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28445497	1596	1611	over-production	T043	C0007613
28445497	1615	1625	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
28445497	1626	1631	IFN-β	T116,T121,T129	C0015980
28445497	1636	1645	modulated	T082	C0443264
28445497	1654	1664	generation	T052	C3146294
28445497	1668	1673	IFN-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28445497	1676	1685	producing	T043	C0007613
28445497	1686	1692	T cell	T025	C0039194
28445497	1693	1702	responses	T032	C0871261
28445497	1707	1715	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28445497	1723	1733	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28445497	1737	1741	PGE2	T109	C3813211
28445497	1742	1751	signaling	T043	C0037083
28445497	1759	1766	results	T169	C1274040
28445497	1789	1798	excessive	T080	C0442802
28445497	1799	1809	activation	T044	C1148560
28445497	1817	1835	NLRP3 inflammasome	T026	C3156614
28445497	1840	1850	downstream	T082	C0522506
28445497	1851	1855	PGE2	T109	C3813211
28445497	1856	1865	signaling	T043	C0037083
28445497	1884	1896	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28445497	1900	1904	TMEV	T005	C0206425
28445497	1907	1914	induced	T169	C0205263
28445497	1915	1936	demyelinating disease	T047	C0011303

28445929|t|The kinesin motor protein Kif7 is required for T-cell development and normal MHC expression on thymic epithelial cells (TEC) in the thymus
28445929|a|Kif7 is a ciliary kinesin motor protein that regulates mammalian Hedgehog pathway activation through influencing structure of the primary cilium. Here we show that Kif7 is required for normal T-cell development, despite the fact that T-cells lack primary cilia. Analysis of Kif7 - deficient thymus showed that Kif7 - deficiency increases the early CD44+ CD25+ CD4- CD8- thymocyte progenitor population but reduces differentiation to CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) cell. At the transition from DP to mature T-cell, Kif7 - deficiency selectively delayed maturation to the CD8 lineage. Expression of CD5, which correlates with TCR signal strength, was reduced on DP and mature CD4 and CD8 cells, as a result of thymocyte - intrinsic Kif7 - deficiency, and Kif7 - deficient T-cells from radiation chimeras activated less efficiently when stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in vitro. Kif7 - deficient thymocytes showed higher expression of the Hedgehog target gene Ptch1 than WT, but were less sensitive to treatment with recombinant Shh, and Kif7 - deficient T-cell development was refractory to neutralisation of endogenous Hh proteins, indicating that Kif7 - deficient thymocytes were unable to interpret changes in the Hedgehog signal. In addition, Kif7 - deficiency reduced cell-surface MHCII expression on thymic epithelial cells.
28445929	4	30	kinesin motor protein Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	47	65	T-cell development	T043	C1515126
28445929	77	80	MHC	T116	C2334430
28445929	81	91	expression	T045	C1171362
28445929	95	118	thymic epithelial cells	T025	C0229951
28445929	120	123	TEC	T025	C0229951
28445929	132	138	thymus	T023	C0040113
28445929	139	143	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	149	156	ciliary	T023	C0008779
28445929	157	178	kinesin motor protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	184	193	regulates	T038	C1327622
28445929	194	203	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28445929	204	220	Hedgehog pathway	T044	C1155468
28445929	221	231	activation	T052	C1879547
28445929	240	251	influencing	T077	C4054723
28445929	252	261	structure	T082	C0678594
28445929	269	283	primary cilium	T026	C3156332
28445929	303	307	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	331	349	T-cell development	T043	C1515126
28445929	373	380	T-cells	T025	C0039194
28445929	381	385	lack	T080	C0332268
28445929	386	399	primary cilia	T026	C3156332
28445929	401	409	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28445929	413	417	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	420	429	deficient	T169	C0011155
28445929	430	436	thymus	T023	C0040113
28445929	449	453	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	456	466	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28445929	487	492	CD44+	T025	C1267897
28445929	493	498	CD25+	T025	C1267897
28445929	499	503	CD4-	T025	C0039194
28445929	504	508	CD8-	T025	C0039194
28445929	509	518	thymocyte	T025	C0814999
28445929	519	529	progenitor	T025	C0038250
28445929	530	540	population	T098	C1257890
28445929	572	580	CD4+CD8+	T025	C0483191
28445929	581	596	double positive	T033	C1446409
28445929	598	600	DP	T033	C1446409
28445929	602	606	cell	T025	C0007634
28445929	615	625	transition	T052	C2700061
28445929	631	633	DP	T033	C1446409
28445929	637	650	mature T-cell	T025	C1513029
28445929	652	656	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	659	669	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28445929	682	689	delayed	T079	C0205421
28445929	708	711	CD8	T025	C0242629
28445929	712	719	lineage	T077	C1881379
28445929	721	731	Expression	T045	C1171362
28445929	735	738	CD5	T116,T129	C0054964
28445929	746	756	correlates	T080	C1707520
28445929	762	765	TCR	T116,T129,T192	C0034790
28445929	766	772	signal	T067	C1710082
28445929	773	781	strength	T078	C0808080
28445929	798	800	DP	T033	C1446409
28445929	812	815	CD4	T025	C0039215
28445929	820	829	CD8 cells	T025	C0242629
28445929	846	855	thymocyte	T025	C0814999
28445929	858	867	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28445929	868	872	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	875	885	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28445929	891	895	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	898	907	deficient	T169	C0011155
28445929	908	915	T-cells	T025	C0039194
28445929	921	939	radiation chimeras	T001	C0034523
28445929	940	949	activated	T052	C1879547
28445929	955	966	efficiently	T080	C0442799
28445929	972	982	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28445929	988	996	anti-CD3	T116,T129	C3891558
28445929	1001	1010	anti-CD28	T129	C0021054
28445929	1011	1019	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28445929	1021	1025	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	1028	1037	deficient	T169	C0011155
28445929	1038	1048	thymocytes	T025	C0814999
28445929	1063	1073	expression	T045	C0017262
28445929	1081	1089	Hedgehog	T015	C0018866
28445929	1097	1101	gene	T028	C0017337
28445929	1102	1107	Ptch1	T028	C1826732
28445929	1113	1115	WT	T028	C1883559
28445929	1131	1140	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28445929	1144	1153	treatment	T169	C1522326
28445929	1159	1170	recombinant	T116	C0034861
28445929	1171	1174	Shh	T116,T123	C1457880
28445929	1180	1184	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	1187	1196	deficient	T169	C0011155
28445929	1197	1215	T-cell development	T043	C1515126
28445929	1252	1262	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28445929	1263	1274	Hh proteins	T116,T123	C1721080
28445929	1292	1296	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	1299	1308	deficient	T169	C0011155
28445929	1299	1308	deficient	T169	C0011155
28445929	1309	1319	thymocytes	T025	C0814999
28445929	1335	1344	interpret	T169	C1285553
28445929	1345	1352	changes	T169	C0392747
28445929	1360	1375	Hedgehog signal	T044	C1155468
28445929	1390	1394	Kif7	T116,T123	C0033684
28445929	1397	1407	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28445929	1408	1415	reduced	T080	C0392756
28445929	1416	1428	cell-surface	T026	C0699040
28445929	1429	1434	MHCII	T116,T129	C0019630
28445929	1435	1445	expression	T045	C1171362
28445929	1449	1472	thymic epithelial cells	T025	C0229951

28445938|t|Pirfenidone normalizes the tumor microenvironment to improve chemotherapy
28445938|a|Normalization of the tumor microenvironment by selectively targeting components of the tumor extracellular matrix has been recently proposed to have the potential to decompress tumor blood vessels, increase vessel perfusion and thus, improve drug delivery and the efficacy of cancer therapy. Therefore, we now need to identify safe and well tolerated pharmaceutical agents that are able to remodel the microenvironment of solid tumors and enhance chemotherapy. In this study, we repurposed Pirfenidone, a clinically approved anti-fibrotic drug for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, to investigate its possible role on tumor microenvironment normalization. Using two orthotopic mammary tumor models we demonstrate that Pirfenidone reduces collagen and hyaluronan levels and, as a result, significantly increases blood vessel functionality and perfusion and improves the anti-tumor efficacy of doxorubicin. Reduction of extracellular matrix components were mediated via TGFβ signaling pathway inhibition due to downregulation of TGFβ1, COL1A1, COL3A1, HAS2, HAS3 expression levels. Our findings provide evidence that repurposing Pirfenidone could be used as a promising strategy to enhance drug delivery to solid tumors by normalizing the tumor microenvironment.
28445938	0	11	Pirfenidone	T109,T121	C0298067
28445938	12	22	normalizes	T169	C0599112
28445938	27	49	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
28445938	61	73	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28445938	74	87	Normalization	T061	C0556530
28445938	95	117	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
28445938	133	142	targeting	T169	C1521840
28445938	143	153	components	T026	C0932050
28445938	161	166	tumor	T191	C0027651
28445938	167	187	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
28445938	227	236	potential	T080	C3245505
28445938	240	250	decompress	T169	C1965697
28445938	251	256	tumor	T191	C0027651
28445938	257	270	blood vessels	T023	C0005847
28445938	272	280	increase	T169	C0442805
28445938	281	287	vessel	T023	C0005847
28445938	288	297	perfusion	T042	C0599705
28445938	316	329	drug delivery	T061	C0087111
28445938	338	346	efficacy	T080	C0598333
28445938	350	364	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425
28445938	392	400	identify	T080	C0205396
28445938	415	424	tolerated	T033	C0243095
28445938	425	446	pharmaceutical agents	T121	C1254351
28445938	476	492	microenvironment	T070	C2936626
28445938	496	508	solid tumors	T191	C0280100
28445938	513	520	enhance	T052	C2349975
28445938	521	533	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28445938	543	548	study	T062	C2603343
28445938	564	575	Pirfenidone	T109,T121	C0298067
28445938	579	589	clinically	T080	C0205210
28445938	590	598	approved	T080	C0205540
28445938	599	617	anti-fibrotic drug	T121	C4031950
28445938	626	635	treatment	T061	C0087111
28445938	639	668	idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis	T047	C1800706
28445938	673	684	investigate	T169	C1292732
28445938	706	728	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626
28445938	729	742	normalization	T061	C0556530
28445938	754	764	orthotopic	T082	C0574893
28445938	765	772	mammary	T023	C0006141
28445938	773	785	tumor models	T170	C1710493
28445938	806	817	Pirfenidone	T109,T121	C0298067
28445938	818	825	reduces	T081	C0547047
28445938	826	834	collagen	T116	C0009325
28445938	839	849	hyaluronan	T109,T121,T123	C0813622
28445938	850	856	levels	T080	C0441889
28445938	867	873	result	T169	C1274040
28445938	875	888	significantly	T078	C0750502
28445938	889	898	increases	T169	C0442805
28445938	899	911	blood vessel	T023	C0005847
28445938	912	925	functionality	T169	C0542341
28445938	930	939	perfusion	T042	C0599705
28445938	957	976	anti-tumor efficacy	T080	C0598333
28445938	980	991	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28445938	993	1002	Reduction	T080	C0392756
28445938	1006	1037	extracellular matrix components	T026	C0932050
28445938	1056	1078	TGFβ signaling pathway	T169	C2984328
28445938	1079	1089	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28445938	1097	1111	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28445938	1115	1120	TGFβ1	T028	C1366557
28445938	1122	1128	COL1A1	T028	C1332772
28445938	1130	1136	COL3A1	T028	C1413581
28445938	1138	1142	HAS2	T028	C1415475
28445938	1144	1148	HAS3	T028	C1415476
28445938	1149	1159	expression	T045	C0017262
28445938	1160	1166	levels	T080	C0441889
28445938	1172	1180	findings	T033	C0243095
28445938	1189	1197	evidence	T078	C3887511
28445938	1215	1226	Pirfenidone	T109,T121	C0298067
28445938	1256	1264	strategy	T062	C0035171
28445938	1268	1275	enhance	T052	C2349975
28445938	1276	1289	drug delivery	T061	C0087111
28445938	1293	1305	solid tumors	T191	C0280100
28445938	1309	1320	normalizing	T061	C0556530
28445938	1325	1347	tumor microenvironment	T070	C2936626

28446633|t|Lactose Intolerance (LCT-13910C>T) Genotype Is Associated with Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in Caucasians: A Mendelian Randomization Study
28446633|a|Background: The LCT-13910C>T gene variant is associated with lactose intolerance (LI) in different ethnic groups. Individuals with LI often limit or avoid dairy consumption, a major dietary source of vitamin D in North America, which may lead to inadequate vitamin D intake. Objective: The objective was to determine the prevalence of genotypes predictive of LI in different ethnic groups living in Canada and to determine whether the LCT genotype is associated with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations .Methods: Blood samples were drawn from a total of 1495 men and women aged 20-29 y from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study for genotyping and plasma 25(OH)D analysis. Intakes of dairy were assessed by using a 196-item food frequency questionnaire. The prevalence of LCT-13910C>T genotypes was compared by using χ(2) analysis. Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we examined the association between LCT genotypes and 25(OH)D concentrations .Results: Approximately 32% of Caucasians, 99% of East Asians, 74% of South Asians, and 59% of those with other or mixed ethnicities had the CC genotype associated with LI. Compared with those with the TT genotype, those with the CC genotype had a lower mean ± SE total dairy intake (2.15 ± 0.09 compared with 2.67 ± 0.12 servings/d, P = 0.003), a lower skim-milk intake (0.20 ± 0.03 compared with 0.46 ± 0.06 servings/d, P = 0.0004), and a lower plasma 25(OH)D concentration (63 ± 1.9 compared with 75.8 ± 2.4 nmol/L, P < 0.0001). The CT and CC genotypes were associated with a 50% and a 2-fold increased risk, respectively, of a suboptimal plasma 25(OH)D concentration (<75 nmol/L).Conclusions: In Caucasians, the CC genotype that predicts LI is associated with a lower plasma 25(OH)D concentration, which is attributable at least in part to a lower intake of dairy, particularly skim milk. Increased risk of suboptimal concentrations of vitamin D was also observed among those with the CT genotype, suggesting an intermediate effect of the heterozygous genotype.
28446633	0	19	Lactose Intolerance	T047	C0022951
28446633	21	33	LCT-13910C>T	T028	C1416808
28446633	35	43	Genotype	T032	C0017431
28446633	47	62	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28446633	63	69	Plasma	T031	C0032105
28446633	70	89	25-Hydroxyvitamin D	T109,T127	C0535968
28446633	90	104	Concentrations	T081	C0392762
28446633	108	118	Caucasians	T098	C0043157
28446633	122	151	Mendelian Randomization Study	T062	C2718019
28446633	168	180	LCT-13910C>T	T028	C1416808
28446633	181	193	gene variant	T028	C0678941
28446633	197	212	associated with	T080	C0332281
28446633	213	232	lactose intolerance	T047	C0022951
28446633	234	236	LI	T047	C0022951
28446633	241	250	different	T080	C1705242
28446633	251	264	ethnic groups	T098	C0015031
28446633	266	277	Individuals	T098	C0237401
28446633	283	285	LI	T047	C0022951
28446633	307	312	dairy	T168	C0010947
28446633	313	324	consumption	T052	C2983605
28446633	334	341	dietary	T168	C0012155
28446633	342	348	source	T033	C0449416
28446633	352	361	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28446633	365	378	North America	T083	C0028405
28446633	398	408	inadequate	T080	C0205412
28446633	409	425	vitamin D intake	T033	C0564439
28446633	427	436	Objective	T170	C0018017
28446633	442	451	objective	T170	C0018017
28446633	473	483	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28446633	487	496	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28446633	497	507	predictive	T080	C0681890
28446633	511	513	LI	T047	C0022951
28446633	517	526	different	T080	C1705242
28446633	527	540	ethnic groups	T098	C0015031
28446633	541	547	living	T052	C2982691
28446633	551	557	Canada	T083	C0006823
28446633	587	590	LCT	T028	C1416808
28446633	591	599	genotype	T032	C0017431
28446633	603	618	associated with	T080	C0332281
28446633	619	625	plasma	T031	C0032105
28446633	626	633	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
28446633	634	648	concentrations	T081	C0392762
28446633	659	672	Blood samples	T031	C0178913
28446633	705	708	men	T098	C0025266
28446633	713	718	women	T098	C0043210
28446633	719	723	aged	T032	C0001779
28446633	741	762	Toronto Nutrigenomics	T091	C1956006
28446633	767	779	Health Study	T062	C0242481
28446633	784	794	genotyping	T059,T063	C3178894
28446633	799	805	plasma	T031	C0032105
28446633	806	813	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
28446633	814	822	analysis	T062	C0936012
28446633	824	840	Intakes of dairy	T033	C0559267
28446633	846	854	assessed	T052	C1516048
28446633	866	903	196-item food frequency questionnaire	T170	C2986698
28446633	909	919	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28446633	923	935	LCT-13910C>T	T028	C1416808
28446633	936	945	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28446633	968	981	χ(2) analysis	T170	C0008041
28446633	991	1023	Mendelian randomization approach	T062	C2718019
28446633	1041	1052	association	T080	C0439849
28446633	1061	1064	LCT	T028	C1416808
28446633	1065	1074	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28446633	1079	1086	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
28446633	1087	1101	concentrations	T081	C0392762
28446633	1112	1125	Approximately	T080	C0332232
28446633	1133	1143	Caucasians	T098	C0043157
28446633	1152	1163	East Asians	T098	C0078988
28446633	1172	1184	South Asians	T098	C1519427
28446633	1223	1234	ethnicities	T098	C0015031
28446633	1243	1254	CC genotype	T032	C0017431
28446633	1255	1270	associated with	T080	C0332281
28446633	1271	1273	LI	T047	C0022951
28446633	1304	1315	TT genotype	T032	C0017431
28446633	1332	1343	CC genotype	T032	C0017431
28446633	1350	1355	lower	T080	C0205251
28446633	1363	1365	SE	T081	C1710181
28446633	1366	1384	total dairy intake	T033	C0559267
28446633	1450	1472	lower skim-milk intake	T033	C0243095
28446633	1543	1548	lower	T080	C0205251
28446633	1549	1555	plasma	T031	C0032105
28446633	1556	1563	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
28446633	1564	1577	concentration	T081	C0392762
28446633	1638	1640	CT	T032	C0017431
28446633	1645	1657	CC genotypes	T032	C0017431
28446633	1663	1678	associated with	T080	C0332281
28446633	1698	1707	increased	T081	C0205217
28446633	1708	1712	risk	T078	C0035647
28446633	1733	1743	suboptimal	T080	C2984009
28446633	1744	1750	plasma	T031	C0032105
28446633	1751	1758	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
28446633	1759	1772	concentration	T081	C0392762
28446633	1802	1812	Caucasians	T098	C0043157
28446633	1818	1829	CC genotype	T032	C0017431
28446633	1844	1846	LI	T047	C0022951
28446633	1850	1865	associated with	T080	C0332281
28446633	1868	1873	lower	T080	C0205251
28446633	1874	1880	plasma	T031	C0032105
28446633	1881	1888	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
28446633	1889	1902	concentration	T081	C0392762
28446633	1948	1953	lower	T080	C0205251
28446633	1954	1969	intake of dairy	T033	C0559267
28446633	1984	1993	skim milk	T033	C0243095
28446633	1995	2004	Increased	T081	C0205217
28446633	2005	2009	risk	T078	C0035647
28446633	2013	2023	suboptimal	T080	C2984009
28446633	2024	2038	concentrations	T081	C0392762
28446633	2042	2051	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28446633	2091	2102	CT genotype	T032	C0017431
28446633	2118	2137	intermediate effect	T033	C0243095
28446633	2145	2166	heterozygous genotype	T032	C0019425

28446912|t|Temporal and Spatial Variability of Fungal Structures and Host Responses in an Incompatible Rust-Wheat Interaction
28446912|a|Information about temporal and spatial variability of fungal structures and host responses is scarce in comparison to the vast amount of genetic, biochemical, and physiological studies of host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we used avirulent wild type and virulent mutant isolates of Puccinia striiformis to characterize the interactions in wheat carrying yellow rust Yr2 resistance. Both conventional and advanced microscopic techniques were used for a detailed study of morphology and growth of fungal colonies and associated host cell responses. The growth of the wild type isolates was highly restricted due to hypersensitive response (HR, plant cell death) indicated by autofluorescence and change in the shape of the affected plant cells. The host response appeared post - haustorial, but large variation in the time and stage of arrest was observed for individual fungal colonies, probably due to a delay between detection and response. Some colonies were stopped right after the formation of the primary infection hyphae whereas others formed highly branched mycelia. HR was first observed in host cells in direct contact with fungal structures, after which the defense responses spread to adjacent host cells, and eventually led to encasement of the fungal colony. Several cells with HR contained haustoria, which were small and underdeveloped, but some cells contained normal sized haustoria without signs of hypersensitivity. The growth of the virulent mutants in the resistant plants was similar to the growth in plants without Yr2 resistance, which is a strong indication that the incompatible phenotype was associated with Yr2. The interaction between P. striiformis and wheat with Yr2 resistance was highly variable in time and space, which demonstrate that histological studies are important for a deeper understanding of host-pathogen interactions and plant defense mechanisms in general.
28446912	0	8	Temporal	T079	C2362314
28446912	13	20	Spatial	T082	C1254362
28446912	21	32	Variability	T077	C2827666
28446912	36	53	Fungal Structures	T017	C2717804
28446912	58	72	Host Responses	T042	C0301872
28446912	79	114	Incompatible Rust-Wheat Interaction	T040	C1155325
28446912	115	126	Information	T078	C1533716
28446912	133	141	temporal	T079	C2362314
28446912	146	153	spatial	T082	C1254362
28446912	154	165	variability	T077	C2827666
28446912	169	186	fungal structures	T017	C2717804
28446912	191	205	host responses	T042	C0301872
28446912	209	215	scarce	T080	C0231180
28446912	219	229	comparison	T052	C1707455
28446912	242	248	amount	T081	C1265611
28446912	252	259	genetic	T169	C0314603
28446912	261	272	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28446912	278	291	physiological	T169	C0205463
28446912	292	299	studies	T062	C2603343
28446912	303	329	host-pathogen interactions	T040	C1752856
28446912	339	344	study	T062	C2603343
28446912	349	353	used	T169	C0457083
28446912	354	363	avirulent	T080	C0205556
28446912	364	373	wild type	T028	C1883559
28446912	378	386	virulent	T080	C1520022
28446912	387	393	mutant	T028	C0678941
28446912	394	402	isolates	T123	C1764827
28446912	406	426	Puccinia striiformis	T004	C1001443
28446912	430	442	characterize	T052	C1880022
28446912	447	459	interactions	T169	C1704675
28446912	463	468	wheat	T168	C0043137
28446912	469	477	carrying	T052	C0206243
28446912	478	489	yellow rust	T004	C1001443
28446912	490	493	Yr2	T004	C1001443
28446912	494	504	resistance	T046	C4087433
28446912	511	523	conventional	T080	C1442989
28446912	528	536	advanced	T080	C0205179
28446912	537	548	microscopic	T080	C0205288
28446912	549	559	techniques	T169	C0449851
28446912	565	569	used	T169	C0457083
28446912	576	584	detailed	T080	C1522508
28446912	585	590	study	T062	C2603343
28446912	594	604	morphology	T080	C0332437
28446912	609	615	growth	T040	C0018270
28446912	619	625	fungal	T169	C0521033
28446912	626	634	colonies	T025	C1947989
28446912	639	649	associated	T080	C0332281
28446912	650	669	host cell responses	T042	C0301872
28446912	675	681	growth	T040	C0018270
28446912	689	698	wild type	T028	C1883559
28446912	699	707	isolates	T123	C1764827
28446912	712	718	highly	T080	C0205250
28446912	719	729	restricted	T169	C0443288
28446912	737	760	hypersensitive response	T046	C0020517
28446912	762	764	HR	T046	C0020517
28446912	766	771	plant	T002	C0032098
28446912	772	782	cell death	T043	C0007587
28446912	784	793	indicated	T033	C1444656
28446912	797	813	autofluorescence	T059	C0544711
28446912	818	824	change	T169	C0392747
28446912	832	837	shape	T082	C0332479
28446912	845	853	affected	T169	C0392760
28446912	854	865	plant cells	T025	C3178867
28446912	871	884	host response	T042	C0301872
28446912	885	893	appeared	T080	C0700364
28446912	894	898	post	T079	C0687676
28446912	901	911	haustorial	T017	C2717804
28446912	917	922	large	T081	C0549177
28446912	923	932	variation	T080	C0205419
28446912	940	944	time	T079	C0040223
28446912	949	954	stage	T079	C0205390
28446912	958	964	arrest	T046	C0333951
28446912	969	977	observed	T169	C1441672
28446912	982	992	individual	T098	C0237401
28446912	993	999	fungal	T169	C0521033
28446912	1000	1008	colonies	T025	C1947989
28446912	1010	1018	probably	T078	C0750492
28446912	1028	1033	delay	T079	C0205421
28446912	1034	1041	between	T082	C0205103
28446912	1042	1051	detection	T061	C1511790
28446912	1056	1064	response	T032	C0871261
28446912	1071	1079	colonies	T025	C1947989
28446912	1085	1092	stopped	T079	C2746065
28446912	1093	1104	right after	T079	C0205253
28446912	1109	1118	formation	T169	C1522492
28446912	1126	1143	primary infection	T047	C0948192
28446912	1144	1150	hyphae	T004	C0521057
28446912	1166	1172	formed	T169	C0205431
28446912	1173	1179	highly	T080	C0205250
28446912	1180	1188	branched	T082	C2700384
28446912	1189	1196	mycelia	T004	C0949695
28446912	1198	1200	HR	T046	C0020517
28446912	1211	1219	observed	T169	C1441672
28446912	1223	1233	host cells	T026	C1819995
28446912	1237	1243	direct	T080	C1947931
28446912	1244	1251	contact	T067	C0392367
28446912	1257	1274	fungal structures	T017	C2717804
28446912	1292	1309	defense responses	T040	C1154988
28446912	1310	1316	spread	T080	C0332261
28446912	1320	1328	adjacent	T082	C0205117
28446912	1329	1339	host cells	T026	C1819995
28446912	1363	1373	encasement	T082	C1254362
28446912	1381	1387	fungal	T169	C0521033
28446912	1388	1394	colony	T025	C1947989
28446912	1396	1403	Several	T081	C0443302
28446912	1404	1409	cells	T025	C0007634
28446912	1415	1417	HR	T046	C0020517
28446912	1418	1427	contained	T052	C2700400
28446912	1428	1437	haustoria	T017	C2717804
28446912	1450	1455	small	T081	C0700321
28446912	1460	1474	underdeveloped	T080	C0205252
28446912	1480	1484	some	T081	C0205392
28446912	1485	1490	cells	T025	C0007634
28446912	1491	1500	contained	T052	C2700400
28446912	1501	1507	normal	T080	C0205307
28446912	1508	1513	sized	T082	C0456389
28446912	1514	1523	haustoria	T017	C2717804
28446912	1532	1537	signs	T184	C0037088
28446912	1541	1557	hypersensitivity	T046	C0020517
28446912	1563	1569	growth	T040	C0018270
28446912	1577	1585	virulent	T080	C1520022
28446912	1586	1593	mutants	T028	C0678941
28446912	1601	1610	resistant	T169	C0332325
28446912	1611	1617	plants	T002	C0032098
28446912	1622	1629	similar	T080	C2348205
28446912	1637	1643	growth	T040	C0018270
28446912	1647	1653	plants	T002	C0032098
28446912	1662	1665	Yr2	T004	C1001443
28446912	1666	1676	resistance	T046	C4087433
28446912	1689	1695	strong	T080	C0442821
28446912	1696	1706	indication	T078	C3146298
28446912	1716	1728	incompatible	T080	C1881865
28446912	1729	1738	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28446912	1743	1753	associated	T080	C0332281
28446912	1759	1762	Yr2	T004	C1001443
28446912	1768	1779	interaction	T169	C1704675
28446912	1780	1787	between	T082	C0205103
28446912	1788	1802	P. striiformis	T004	C1001443
28446912	1807	1812	wheat	T168	C0043137
28446912	1818	1821	Yr2	T004	C1001443
28446912	1822	1832	resistance	T046	C4087433
28446912	1837	1843	highly	T080	C0205250
28446912	1844	1852	variable	T080	C0439828
28446912	1856	1860	time	T079	C0040223
28446912	1865	1870	space	T082	C1254362
28446912	1878	1889	demonstrate	T080	C0443289
28446912	1895	1907	histological	T091	C0019638
28446912	1908	1915	studies	T062	C2603343
28446912	1920	1929	important	T080	C3898777
28446912	1936	1956	deeper understanding	T041	C0162340
28446912	1960	1986	host-pathogen interactions	T040	C1752856
28446912	1991	1996	plant	T002	C0032098
28446912	1997	2004	defense	T042	C0520990
28446912	2005	2015	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28446912	2019	2026	general	T082	C0205246

28447132|t|High-throughput analysis of sub-visible mAb aggregate particles using automated fluorescence microscopy imaging
28447132|a|Aggregation of therapeutic proteins is a major concern as aggregates lower the yield and can impact the efficacy of the drug as well as the patient's safety. It can occur in all production stages; thus, it is essential to perform a detailed analysis for protein aggregates. Several methods such as size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC), light scattering, turbidity, light obscuration, and microscopy-based approaches are used to analyze aggregates. None of these methods allows determination of all types of higher molecular weight (HMW) species due to a limited size range. Furthermore, quantification and specification of different HMW species are often not possible. Moreover, automation is a perspective challenge coming up with automated robotic laboratory systems. Hence, there is a need for a fast, high-throughput-compatible method, which can detect a broad size range and enable quantification and classification. We describe a novel approach for the detection of aggregates in the size range 1 to 1000 μm combining fluorescent dyes for protein aggregate labelling and automated fluorescence microscope imaging (aFMI). After appropriate selection of the dye and method optimization, our method enabled us to detect various types of HMW species of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Using 10 μmol L(-1) 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonate (Bis-ANS) in combination with aFMI allowed the analysis of mAb aggregates induced by different stresses occurring during downstream processing, storage, and administration. Validation of our results was performed by SE-HPLC, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. With this new approach, we could not only reliably detect different HMW species but also quantify and classify them in an automated approach. Our method achieves high-throughput requirements and the selection of various fluorescent dyes enables a broad range of applications.
28447132	0	24	High-throughput analysis	T060	C0872186
28447132	28	39	sub-visible	T080	C0205379
28447132	40	43	mAb	T116,T129	C0003250
28447132	44	53	aggregate	T080	C0205418
28447132	54	63	particles	T104	C0597177
28447132	70	111	automated fluorescence microscopy imaging	T059	C0026022
28447132	112	123	Aggregation	T169	C0332621
28447132	127	147	therapeutic proteins	T121	C0872285
28447132	153	166	major concern	T078	C2699424
28447132	170	180	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28447132	181	186	lower	T052	C2003888
28447132	205	211	impact	T080	C4049986
28447132	216	224	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28447132	232	236	drug	T121	C1254351
28447132	252	268	patient's safety	T061	C1279809
28447132	290	300	production	T057	C0033268
28447132	301	307	stages	T079	C1306673
28447132	321	330	essential	T080	C0205224
28447132	334	341	perform	T169	C0884358
28447132	344	361	detailed analysis	T062	C0936012
28447132	366	384	protein aggregates	T116	C3850144
28447132	394	401	methods	T170	C0025663
28447132	410	463	size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography	T059	C0008562
28447132	465	472	SE-HPLC	T059	C0008562
28447132	475	491	light scattering	T067	C0596837
28447132	493	502	turbidity	T080	C0301633
28447132	504	521	light obscuration	T059	C0022885
28447132	527	543	microscopy-based	T059	C0026018
28447132	567	574	analyze	T062	C0936012
28447132	575	585	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28447132	601	608	methods	T170	C0025663
28447132	616	629	determination	T059	C1148554
28447132	646	669	higher molecular weight	T080	C1979900
28447132	671	674	HMW	T080	C1979900
28447132	676	683	species	T185	C1705920
28447132	693	705	limited size	T082	C0456389
28447132	706	711	range	T081	C1514721
28447132	726	740	quantification	T081	C1709793
28447132	745	758	specification	T170	C2348235
28447132	772	775	HMW	T080	C1979900
28447132	776	783	species	T185	C1705920
28447132	818	828	automation	T169	C0205554
28447132	834	855	perspective challenge	T078	C1254370
28447132	871	907	automated robotic laboratory systems	T074	C0878866
28447132	881	888	robotic	T090	C0035785
28447132	938	942	fast	T080	C0456962
28447132	944	977	high-throughput-compatible method	T170	C0872047
28447132	989	995	detect	T033	C0442726
28447132	1004	1008	size	T082	C0456389
28447132	1009	1014	range	T081	C1514721
28447132	1026	1040	quantification	T081	C1709793
28447132	1045	1059	classification	T185	C0008902
28447132	1098	1107	detection	T033	C0442726
28447132	1111	1121	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28447132	1129	1133	size	T082	C0456389
28447132	1134	1139	range	T081	C1514721
28447132	1163	1179	fluorescent dyes	T130	C0016320
28447132	1184	1201	protein aggregate	T116	C3850144
28447132	1216	1257	automated fluorescence microscope imaging	T059	C0026022
28447132	1259	1263	aFMI	T059	C0026022
28447132	1284	1293	selection	T052	C1707391
28447132	1301	1304	dye	T130	C0013343
28447132	1309	1315	method	T170	C0025663
28447132	1316	1328	optimization	T052	C2698650
28447132	1334	1340	method	T170	C0025663
28447132	1355	1361	detect	T033	C0442726
28447132	1379	1382	HMW	T080	C1979900
28447132	1383	1390	species	T185	C1705920
28447132	1394	1415	monoclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0003250
28447132	1417	1421	mAbs	T116,T129	C0003250
28447132	1438	1491	L(-1) 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binaphthyl-5,5'-disulfonate	T109,T121	C0048876
28447132	1493	1500	Bis-ANS	T109,T121	C0048876
28447132	1522	1526	aFMI	T059	C0026022
28447132	1539	1547	analysis	T062	C0936012
28447132	1551	1554	mAb	T116,T129	C0003250
28447132	1555	1565	aggregates	T080	C0205418
28447132	1566	1573	induced	T169	C0205263
28447132	1587	1595	stresses	T070	C0038442
28447132	1613	1634	downstream processing	T052	C1709694
28447132	1636	1643	storage	T169	C1698986
28447132	1649	1663	administration	T081	C0001555
28447132	1708	1715	SE-HPLC	T059	C0008562
28447132	1717	1736	UV-Vis spectroscopy	T059	C0201693
28447132	1742	1766	dynamic light scattering	T059	C1882368
28447132	1819	1825	detect	T033	C0442726
28447132	1836	1839	HMW	T080	C1979900
28447132	1840	1847	species	T185	C1705920
28447132	1857	1865	quantify	T081	C1709793
28447132	1870	1878	classify	T185	C0008902
28447132	1890	1899	automated	T169	C0205554
28447132	1914	1920	method	T170	C0025663
28447132	1930	1945	high-throughput	T060	C0872186
28447132	1946	1958	requirements	T169	C1514873
28447132	1967	1976	selection	T052	C1707391
28447132	1988	2004	fluorescent dyes	T130	C0016320
28447132	2021	2026	range	T081	C1514721

28447201|t|Teleophthalmology image-based navigated retinal laser therapy for diabetic macular edema: a concept of retinal telephotocoagulation
28447201|a|To determine the feasibility and efficacy of a retinal telephotocoagulation treatment plan for diabetic macular edema. Prospective, interventional cohort study at two clinical sites. Sixteen eyes of ten subjects with diabetic macular edema underwent navigated focal laser photocoagulation using a novel teleretinal treatment plan. Clinic 1 (King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) collected retinal images and fundus fluorescein angiogram. Clinic 2 (Palmetto Retina Center, West Columbia, SC, USA) created image -based treatment plans based on which macular laser photocoagulation was performed back at clinic 1. The primary outcome of the study was feasibility of image transfer and performing navigated laser photocoagulation for subjects with diabetic macular edema between two distant clinics. Secondary measures were change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at 3 months after treatment. The teleretinal treatment plan was able to be successfully completed in all 16 eyes. The mean logMAR BCVA at baseline was 0.49 ± 0.1, which remained stable (0.45 ± 0.1) 3 months after treatment (p = 0.060). The CRT improved from 290.1 ± 37.6 μm at baseline to 270.8 ± 27.7 μm 3 months after treatment (p = 0.005). All eyes demonstrated improvement in the area of retinal edema after laser photocoagulation, and no eyes demonstrated visual acuity loss 3 months after treatment. This study introduces the concept of retinal telephotocoagulation for diabetic macular edema, and demonstrates the feasibility and safety of using telemedicine to perform navigated retinal laser treatments regardless of geographical distance.
28447201	0	17	Teleophthalmology	T061	C1315028
28447201	18	61	image-based navigated retinal laser therapy	T061	C0438670
28447201	66	88	diabetic macular edema	T047	C0730285
28447201	92	99	concept	T078	C0178566
28447201	103	131	retinal telephotocoagulation	T061	C0395565
28447201	135	144	determine	T059	C1148554
28447201	149	160	feasibility	T080	C0205556
28447201	165	173	efficacy	T080	C0087113
28447201	179	207	retinal telephotocoagulation	T061	C0395565
28447201	208	222	treatment plan	T170	C0599880
28447201	227	249	diabetic macular edema	T047	C0730285
28447201	251	291	Prospective, interventional cohort study	T062	C1709709
28447201	299	307	clinical	T080	C0205210
28447201	308	313	sites	T082	C0205145
28447201	323	327	eyes	T023	C0015392
28447201	335	343	subjects	T098	C0080105
28447201	349	371	diabetic macular edema	T047	C0730285
28447201	382	420	navigated focal laser photocoagulation	T061	C0948675
28447201	435	461	teleretinal treatment plan	T170	C0599880
28447201	463	469	Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28447201	473	508	King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28447201	510	530	Riyadh, Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
28447201	542	556	retinal images	T070	C0237660
28447201	561	589	fundus fluorescein angiogram	T060	C2022120
28447201	591	597	Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28447201	601	623	Palmetto Retina Center	T073,T093	C0019994
28447201	625	647	West Columbia, SC, USA	T083	C0041703
28447201	657	662	image	T170	C1704254
28447201	670	685	treatment plans	T170	C0599880
28447201	701	708	macular	T082	C0332574
28447201	709	731	laser photocoagulation	T061	C0441510
28447201	736	745	performed	T169	C0884358
28447201	754	760	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28447201	768	783	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28447201	791	796	study	T062	C2603343
28447201	801	812	feasibility	T080	C0443348
28447201	816	821	image	T170	C1704254
28447201	822	830	transfer	T169	C1705822
28447201	835	845	performing	T169	C0884358
28447201	846	878	navigated laser photocoagulation	T061	C0441510
28447201	883	891	subjects	T098	C0080105
28447201	897	919	diabetic macular edema	T047	C0730285
28447201	932	939	distant	T082	C0443203
28447201	940	947	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28447201	949	967	Secondary measures	T080	C3274440
28447201	973	979	change	T169	C0392747
28447201	983	1011	best-corrected visual acuity	T033	C1690532
28447201	1013	1017	BCVA	T033	C1690532
28447201	1023	1048	central retinal thickness	T033	C0243095
28447201	1050	1053	CRT	T033	C0243095
28447201	1058	1102	spectral-domain optical coherence tomography	T074	C3876157
28447201	1121	1130	treatment	T061	C0850168
28447201	1136	1162	teleretinal treatment plan	T170	C0599880
28447201	1178	1190	successfully	T080	C1272703
28447201	1191	1200	completed	T078	C1556116
28447201	1211	1215	eyes	T023	C0015392
28447201	1221	1232	mean logMAR	T081	C0444504
28447201	1233	1237	BCVA	T033	C1690532
28447201	1241	1249	baseline	T081	C1442488
28447201	1281	1287	stable	T080	C0205360
28447201	1316	1325	treatment	T061	C0850168
28447201	1343	1346	CRT	T033	C0243095
28447201	1347	1355	improved	T033	C0184511
28447201	1380	1388	baseline	T081	C1442488
28447201	1423	1432	treatment	T061	C0850168
28447201	1450	1454	eyes	T023	C0015392
28447201	1455	1467	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
28447201	1468	1479	improvement	T077	C2986411
28447201	1495	1508	retinal edema	T047	C0242420
28447201	1515	1537	laser photocoagulation	T061	C0441510
28447201	1546	1550	eyes	T023	C0015392
28447201	1551	1563	demonstrated	T080	C0443289
28447201	1564	1582	visual acuity loss	T033	C0234632
28447201	1598	1607	treatment	T061	C0850168
28447201	1614	1619	study	T062	C2603343
28447201	1635	1642	concept	T078	C0178566
28447201	1646	1674	retinal telephotocoagulation	T061	C0395565
28447201	1679	1701	diabetic macular edema	T047	C0730285
28447201	1707	1719	demonstrates	T080	C0443289
28447201	1724	1735	feasibility	T080	C0205556
28447201	1740	1746	safety	T058	C0014680
28447201	1756	1768	telemedicine	T058	C0162648
28447201	1780	1814	navigated retinal laser treatments	T061	C0850168
28447201	1829	1841	geographical	T082	C0442527
28447201	1842	1850	distance	T081	C0012751

28447586|t|Serum vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 levels in patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer
28447586|a|Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we quantified the serum vascular endothelial growth factor-3 (VEGFR-3) expression in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to evaluate the role of VEGFR-3 in ESCC. Ninety five patients with ESCC were studied. Pre-therapy and preoperative samples were stored and ELISA was used to designate the concentrations of VEGFR-3. The serum values of VEGFR-3 were significantly higher in patients with ESCC than in healthy donors (p<0.0001). The results imply a very good sensitivity of VEGFR-3 in ESCC. VEGFR-3 may be a good diagnostic biomarker for ESCC. Biomarker, ESCC, VEGFR-3.
28447586	0	5	Serum	T031	C0229671
28447586	6	51	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3	T116,T126,T192	C0169539
28447586	52	58	levels	T081	C1446561
28447586	62	70	patients	T101	C0030705
28447586	76	107	esophageal squamous cell cancer	T191	C0279626
28447586	108	125	Esophageal cancer	T191	C0014859
28447586	156	192	tumors of the gastrointestinal tract	T191	C0017185
28447586	227	232	serum	T031	C0229671
28447586	233	269	vascular endothelial growth factor-3	T116,T126,T192	C0169539
28447586	271	278	VEGFR-3	T116,T126,T192	C0169539
28447586	280	290	expression	T045	C1171362
28447586	294	302	patients	T101	C0030705
28447586	308	342	esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0279626
28447586	344	348	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28447586	374	381	VEGFR-3	T116,T126,T192	C0169539
28447586	385	389	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28447586	403	411	patients	T101	C0030705
28447586	417	421	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28447586	436	447	Pre-therapy	T079	C1882440
28447586	452	464	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28447586	465	472	samples	T031	C1550100
28447586	489	494	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28447586	539	546	VEGFR-3	T116,T126,T192	C0169539
28447586	552	564	serum values	T081	C0683149
28447586	568	575	VEGFR-3	T116,T126,T192	C0169539
28447586	605	613	patients	T101	C0030705
28447586	619	623	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28447586	632	639	healthy	T080	C3898900
28447586	640	646	donors	T098	C0013018
28447586	689	700	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28447586	704	711	VEGFR-3	T116,T126,T192	C0169539
28447586	715	719	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28447586	721	728	VEGFR-3	T116,T126,T192	C0169539
28447586	743	753	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28447586	754	763	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28447586	768	772	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28447586	774	783	Biomarker	T201	C0005516
28447586	785	789	ESCC	T191	C0279626
28447586	791	798	VEGFR-3	T116,T126,T192	C0169539

28447822|t|Social Cognition, Internalized Stigma, and Recovery Orientation Among Adults With Serious Mental Illness
28447822|a|The social-cognitive model is useful in understanding internalized stigma, but research has not examined it in relationship to recovery orientation, an important outcome. This study examined the impact of the four stages of internalized stigma on recovery orientation and assessed cognitive insight as a moderator. Data from a community sample of adults with serious mental illness (N = 268) were collected through structured interviews. Regression -based analyses were used to examine the main effects of internalized stigma on recovery orientation and the moderating effect of cognitive insight. Applying stigmatizing beliefs to oneself and the related decrement in self-esteem each predicted decreased recovery orientation. Cognitive insight moderated the effect of self-application of stigmatizing beliefs on recovery orientation. Increasing cognitive insight by fostering flexibility in self-cognitions may help reduce internalized stigma. Interventions may also benefit from addressing the emotional component of internalized stigma, such as feelings of shame. (PsycINFO Database Record
28447822	0	16	Social Cognition	T054	C0871381
28447822	18	37	Internalized Stigma	T033	C0243095
28447822	43	51	Recovery	T052	C0237820
28447822	52	63	Orientation	T041	C0029266
28447822	70	76	Adults	T100	C0001675
28447822	82	104	Serious Mental Illness	T033	C3841614
28447822	109	131	social-cognitive model	T170	C3161035
28447822	145	158	understanding	T041	C0162340
28447822	159	178	internalized stigma	T033	C0243095
28447822	184	192	research	T062	C0035168
28447822	216	228	relationship	T080	C0439849
28447822	232	240	recovery	T052	C0237820
28447822	241	252	orientation	T041	C0029266
28447822	267	274	outcome	T169	C1274040
28447822	281	286	study	T062	C2603343
28447822	300	306	impact	T080	C4049986
28447822	319	325	stages	T079	C1306673
28447822	329	348	internalized stigma	T033	C0243095
28447822	352	360	recovery	T052	C0237820
28447822	361	372	orientation	T041	C0029266
28447822	377	385	assessed	T052	C1516048
28447822	386	395	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28447822	396	403	insight	T041	C0233820
28447822	420	424	Data	T078	C1511726
28447822	442	448	sample	T096	C0681850
28447822	452	458	adults	T100	C0001675
28447822	464	486	serious mental illness	T033	C3841614
28447822	502	511	collected	T169	C1516698
28447822	520	541	structured interviews	UnknownType	C0681913
28447822	543	553	Regression	T041	C0684321
28447822	561	569	analyses	T062	C0936012
28447822	600	607	effects	T080	C1280500
28447822	611	630	internalized stigma	T033	C0243095
28447822	634	642	recovery	T052	C0237820
28447822	643	654	orientation	T041	C0029266
28447822	663	680	moderating effect	T080	C1280500
28447822	684	693	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28447822	694	701	insight	T041	C0233820
28447822	712	732	stigmatizing beliefs	T078	C0004951
28447822	773	784	self-esteem	T041	C0036597
28447822	810	818	recovery	T052	C0237820
28447822	819	830	orientation	T041	C0029266
28447822	832	841	Cognitive	T169	C1516691
28447822	842	849	insight	T041	C0233820
28447822	850	859	moderated	T080	C1881878
28447822	864	870	effect	T080	C1280500
28447822	894	914	stigmatizing beliefs	T078	C0004951
28447822	918	926	recovery	T052	C0237820
28447822	927	938	orientation	T041	C0029266
28447822	940	950	Increasing	T169	C0442808
28447822	951	960	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28447822	961	968	insight	T041	C0233820
28447822	972	981	fostering	T056	C0242298
28447822	982	993	flexibility	T080	C0242808
28447822	997	1012	self-cognitions	T041	C0009240
28447822	1022	1028	reduce	T080	C0392756
28447822	1029	1048	internalized stigma	T033	C0243095
28447822	1050	1063	Interventions	T169	C0205245
28447822	1073	1080	benefit	T081	C0814225
28447822	1101	1120	emotional component	T041	C0013987
28447822	1124	1143	internalized stigma	T033	C0243095
28447822	1153	1161	feelings	T041	C1527305
28447822	1165	1170	shame	T041	C0036938

28447828|t|Gender Differences in Depression in Representative National Samples: Meta-Analyses of Diagnoses and Symptoms
28447828|a|In 2 meta-analyses on gender differences in depression in nationally representative samples, we advance previous work by including studies of depression diagnoses and symptoms to (a) estimate the magnitude of the gender difference in depression across a wide array of nations and ages; (b) use a developmental perspective to elucidate patterns of gender differences across the life span; and (c) incorporate additional theory-driven moderators (e.g., gender equity). For major depression diagnoses and depression symptoms, respectively, we meta-analyzed data from 65 and 95 articles and their corresponding national data sets, representing data from 1,716,195 and 1,922,064 people in over 90 different nations. Overall, odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.88, 2.03], and d = 0.27 [0.26, 0.29]. Age was the strongest predictor of effect size. The gender difference for diagnoses emerged earlier than previously thought, with OR = 2.37 at age 12. For both meta-analyses, the gender difference peaked in adolescence (OR = 3.02 for ages 13-15, and d = 0.47 for age 16) but then declined and remained stable in adulthood. Cross-national analyses indicated that larger gender differences were found in nations with greater gender equity, for major depression, but not depression symptoms. The gender difference in depression represents a health disparity, especially in adolescence, yet the magnitude of the difference indicates that depression in men should not be overlooked. (PsycINFO Database Record
28447828	0	18	Gender Differences	T032	C0036866
28447828	22	32	Depression	T048	C0011570
28447828	36	67	Representative National Samples	T167	C0370003
28447828	69	82	Meta-Analyses	T062	C0920317
28447828	86	95	Diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28447828	100	108	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
28447828	114	127	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28447828	131	149	gender differences	T032	C0036866
28447828	153	163	depression	T048	C0011570
28447828	167	200	nationally representative samples	T167	C0370003
28447828	205	212	advance	T079	C3854260
28447828	213	221	previous	T079	C0205156
28447828	222	226	work	T057	C0043227
28447828	230	239	including	T169	C0332257
28447828	240	247	studies	T062	C0681814
28447828	251	261	depression	T048	C0011570
28447828	262	271	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28447828	276	284	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28447828	292	300	estimate	T081	C0750572
28447828	305	314	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28447828	322	339	gender difference	T032	C0036866
28447828	343	353	depression	T048	C0011570
28447828	363	373	wide array	T082	C1510941
28447828	377	384	nations	UnknownType	C0683734
28447828	389	393	ages	T032	C0001779
28447828	405	418	developmental	T080	C0458003
28447828	419	430	perspective	T041	C0030971
28447828	444	452	patterns	T082	C0449774
28447828	456	474	gender differences	T032	C0036866
28447828	486	495	life span	T102	C0870809
28447828	517	527	additional	T169	C1524062
28447828	528	541	theory-driven	T078	C0871935
28447828	542	552	moderators	T080	C0205556
28447828	560	566	gender	T032	C0079399
28447828	567	573	equity	T080	C0205556
28447828	586	596	depression	T048	C0011570
28447828	597	606	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28447828	611	621	depression	T048	C0011570
28447828	622	630	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28447828	649	667	meta-analyzed data	T057	C0010992
28447828	683	691	articles	T170	C1706852
28447828	716	734	national data sets	T170	C0150098
28447828	749	753	data	T078	C1511726
28447828	783	789	people	T098	C0027361
28447828	801	810	different	T080	C1705242
28447828	811	818	nations	UnknownType	C0683734
28447828	820	827	Overall	T080	C1561607
28447828	829	839	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28447828	841	843	OR	T081	C0028873
28447828	857	876	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28447828	878	880	CI	T081	C0009667
28447828	923	926	Age	T032	C0001779
28447828	935	954	strongest predictor	T078	C2698872
28447828	958	969	effect size	T081	C0237589
28447828	975	992	gender difference	T032	C0036866
28447828	997	1006	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28447828	1015	1022	earlier	T079	C1279919
28447828	1028	1038	previously	T079	C0205156
28447828	1053	1055	OR	T081	C0028873
28447828	1066	1069	age	T032	C0001779
28447828	1083	1096	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28447828	1102	1119	gender difference	T032	C0036866
28447828	1120	1126	peaked	T080	C0444505
28447828	1130	1141	adolescence	T079	C0001578
28447828	1143	1145	OR	T081	C0028873
28447828	1157	1161	ages	T032	C0001779
28447828	1186	1189	age	T032	C0001779
28447828	1225	1231	stable	T080	C0205360
28447828	1235	1244	adulthood	T079	C0700597
28447828	1246	1269	Cross-national analyses	T062	C0936012
28447828	1270	1279	indicated	T033	C1444656
28447828	1285	1291	larger	T081	C0549177
28447828	1292	1310	gender differences	T032	C0036866
28447828	1316	1321	found	T033	C0150312
28447828	1325	1332	nations	UnknownType	C0683734
28447828	1338	1345	greater	T081	C1704243
28447828	1346	1352	gender	T032	C0079399
28447828	1353	1359	equity	T080	C0205556
28447828	1365	1370	major	T080	C0205164
28447828	1371	1381	depression	T048	C0011570
28447828	1391	1401	depression	T048	C0011570
28447828	1402	1410	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28447828	1416	1433	gender difference	T032	C0036866
28447828	1437	1447	depression	T048	C0011570
28447828	1448	1458	represents	T052	C1882932
28447828	1461	1477	health disparity	T033	C1171307
28447828	1493	1504	adolescence	T079	C0001578
28447828	1514	1523	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28447828	1531	1541	difference	T080	C1705242
28447828	1557	1567	depression	T048	C0011570
28447828	1571	1574	men	T098	C0025266

28447924|t|The Effects of Messages about the Causes of Obesity on Disciplinary Action Decisions for Overweight Employees
28447924|a|We investigated the impact of messages about the causes of obesity (controllable or uncontrollable) on the disciplinary action consequences selected for obese employees in response to a work-related mistake. Participants read about either the controllable or uncontrollable causes of obesity before reviewing an ostensible employee file that included a description of an employee mistake. Depending on condition, the file contained a photo of the employee that either depicted them as obese or average weight. Participants were more willing to withhold a raise or promotion from an obese employee than from an average - weight employee. Further, there was little evidence that the messages about the causes of obesity affected participants ' perceived control and self-efficacy for healthy behaviors.
28447924	4	14	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28447924	15	23	Messages	T170	C0470166
28447924	34	40	Causes	T169	C0015127
28447924	44	51	Obesity	T047	C0028754
28447924	55	74	Disciplinary Action	T057	C1552598
28447924	75	84	Decisions	T041	C0679006
28447924	89	99	Overweight	T047	C1561826
28447924	100	109	Employees	T097	C0599987
28447924	113	125	investigated	T169	C1292732
28447924	130	136	impact	T080	C4049986
28447924	140	148	messages	T170	C0470166
28447924	159	165	causes	T169	C0015127
28447924	169	176	obesity	T047	C0028754
28447924	178	190	controllable	T033	C2911690
28447924	194	208	uncontrollable	T080	C0205318
28447924	217	236	disciplinary action	T057	C1552598
28447924	237	249	consequences	T169	C0686907
28447924	263	268	obese	T047	C0028754
28447924	269	278	employees	T097	C0599987
28447924	282	290	response	T032	C0871261
28447924	296	308	work-related	T033	C1698590
28447924	309	316	mistake	T080	C0743559
28447924	318	330	Participants	T098	C0679646
28447924	353	365	controllable	T033	C2911690
28447924	369	383	uncontrollable	T080	C0205318
28447924	384	390	causes	T169	C0015127
28447924	394	401	obesity	T047	C0028754
28447924	409	418	reviewing	T080	C1704362
28447924	422	432	ostensible	T078	C0750489
28447924	433	441	employee	T097	C0599987
28447924	442	446	file	T057	C0016094
28447924	481	489	employee	T097	C0599987
28447924	490	497	mistake	T080	C0743559
28447924	527	531	file	T057	C0016094
28447924	544	549	photo	T073	C0441468
28447924	557	565	employee	T097	C0599987
28447924	595	600	obese	T047	C0028754
28447924	604	611	average	T081	C1510992
28447924	612	618	weight	T032	C0005910
28447924	620	632	Participants	T098	C0679646
28447924	654	662	withhold	T052	C1705116
28447924	674	683	promotion	T057	C0681129
28447924	692	697	obese	T047	C0028754
28447924	698	706	employee	T097	C0599987
28447924	720	727	average	T081	C1510992
28447924	730	736	weight	T032	C0005910
28447924	737	745	employee	T097	C0599987
28447924	773	781	evidence	T078	C3887511
28447924	791	799	messages	T170	C0470166
28447924	810	816	causes	T169	C0015127
28447924	820	827	obesity	T047	C0028754
28447924	828	836	affected	T169	C0392760
28447924	837	849	participants	T098	C0679646
28447924	852	869	perceived control	T033	C0517445
28447924	874	887	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28447924	892	899	healthy	T080	C3898900
28447924	900	909	behaviors	T053	C0004927

28447984|t|Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants ' Object Categorization
28447984|a|At birth, infants not only prefer listening to human vocalizations, but also have begun to link these vocalizations to cognition: For infants as young as three months of age, listening to human language supports object categorization, a core cognitive capacity. This precocious link is initially broad: At 3 and 4 months, vocalizations of both humans and nonhuman primates support categorization. But by 6 months, infants have narrowed the link: Only human vocalizations support object categorization. Here we ask what guides infants as they tune their initially broad link to a more precise one, engaged only by the vocalizations of our species. Across three studies, we use a novel exposure paradigm to examine the effects of experience. We document that merely exposing infants to nonhuman primate vocalizations enables infants to preserve the early - established link between this signal and categorization. In contrast, exposing infants to backward speech - a signal that fails to support categorization at any age - offers no such advantage. Our findings reveal the power of early experience as infants specify which signals, from an initially broad set, they will continue to link to cognition.
28447984	0	10	Experience	T041	C0596545
28447984	14	26	Instrumental	T081	C1704339
28447984	30	36	Tuning	T081	C0006751
28447984	39	43	Link	T052	C2986575
28447984	52	60	Language	T171	C0023008
28447984	65	74	Cognition	T041	C0009240
28447984	76	84	Evidence	T078	C3887511
28447984	90	108	6- to 7- Month-Old	T032	C0001779
28447984	109	116	Infants	T100	C0021270
28447984	126	140	Categorization	T185	C0008902
28447984	141	149	At birth	T080	C1744681
28447984	151	158	infants	T100	C0021270
28447984	175	184	listening	T041	C2584303
28447984	188	193	human	T016	C0086418
28447984	194	207	vocalizations	T054	C0009452
28447984	223	228	begun	T079	C0439659
28447984	232	236	link	T052	C2986575
28447984	243	256	vocalizations	T054	C0009452
28447984	260	269	cognition	T041	C0009240
28447984	275	282	infants	T100	C0021270
28447984	286	291	young	T079	C0332239
28447984	295	307	three months	T079	C1442461
28447984	311	314	age	T032	C0001779
28447984	316	325	listening	T041	C2584303
28447984	329	334	human	T016	C0086418
28447984	335	343	language	T171	C0023008
28447984	360	374	categorization	T185	C0008902
28447984	378	382	core	T082	C0444669
28447984	383	392	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28447984	393	401	capacity	T081	C1516240
28447984	408	418	precocious	T079	C1279930
28447984	419	423	link	T082	C0449379
28447984	427	436	initially	T079	C0205265
28447984	437	442	broad	T082	C0332464
28447984	463	476	vocalizations	T054	C0009452
28447984	480	484	both	T080	C1706086
28447984	485	491	humans	T016	C0086418
28447984	496	513	nonhuman primates	T015	C0237798
28447984	522	536	categorization	T185	C0008902
28447984	545	553	6 months	T079	C4082120
28447984	555	562	infants	T100	C0021270
28447984	568	576	narrowed	T080	C0333164
28447984	581	585	link	T052	C2986575
28447984	592	597	human	T016	C0086418
28447984	598	611	vocalizations	T054	C0009452
28447984	627	641	categorization	T185	C0008902
28447984	667	674	infants	T100	C0021270
28447984	683	687	tune	T081	C0006751
28447984	694	703	initially	T079	C0205265
28447984	704	709	broad	T082	C0332464
28447984	710	714	link	T052	C2986575
28447984	725	732	precise	T080	C2828393
28447984	758	771	vocalizations	T054	C0009452
28447984	779	786	species	T185	C1705920
28447984	801	808	studies	T062	C2603343
28447984	819	824	novel	T080	C0205314
28447984	825	833	exposure	T080	C0332157
28447984	834	842	paradigm	T062	C0681797
28447984	858	865	effects	T080	C1280500
28447984	869	879	experience	T041	C0596545
28447984	905	913	exposing	T080	C0332157
28447984	914	921	infants	T100	C0021270
28447984	925	941	nonhuman primate	T015	C0237798
28447984	942	955	vocalizations	T054	C0009452
28447984	956	963	enables	T041	C1171285
28447984	964	971	infants	T100	C0021270
28447984	988	993	early	T079	C1279919
28447984	996	1007	established	T080	C0443211
28447984	1008	1012	link	T052	C2986575
28447984	1026	1032	signal	T067	C1710082
28447984	1037	1051	categorization	T185	C0008902
28447984	1066	1074	exposing	T080	C0332157
28447984	1075	1082	infants	T100	C0021270
28447984	1086	1094	backward	T169	C1555029
28447984	1095	1101	speech	T040	C0037817
28447984	1106	1112	signal	T067	C1710082
28447984	1118	1123	fails	T169	C0231175
28447984	1127	1134	support	T077	C1521721
28447984	1135	1149	categorization	T185	C0008902
28447984	1157	1160	age	T032	C0001779
28447984	1193	1201	findings	T033	C0243095
28447984	1202	1208	reveal	T080	C0443289
28447984	1213	1218	power	T081	C3854080
28447984	1222	1227	early	T079	C1279919
28447984	1228	1238	experience	T041	C0596545
28447984	1242	1249	infants	T100	C0021270
28447984	1264	1271	signals	T067	C1710082
28447984	1281	1290	initially	T079	C0205265
28447984	1291	1296	broad	T082	C0332464
28447984	1312	1320	continue	T078	C0549178
28447984	1324	1328	link	T052	C2986575
28447984	1332	1341	cognition	T041	C0009240

28448089|t|Bone Degeneration and Its Recovery in SMP30/GNL - Knockout Mice
28448089|a|Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) decreases androgen -independently with aging and is a lactone - hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase (GNL) that is involved in vitamin C biosynthesis. In the present study, bone properties of SMP30/GNL knockout (KO) mice with deficiency in vitamin C synthesis were investigated to reveal the effects of SMP30/GNL and exogenous vitamin C supplementation on bone formation. Mineral content (BMC) and mineral density (BMD) of the mandible and femur of SMP30/GNL KO and wild-type mice at 2 and 3 months of age with or without vitamin C supplementation were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Body and bone weight of both age groups decreased and became significantly lower than those of wild-type mice. The bones of SMP30/GNL KO mice were rough and porous, with BMC and BMD significantly below wild-type. Oral supplementation with vitamin C eliminated differences in body weight, bone weight, BMC, and BMD between SMP30/GNL KO and wild-type mice at each age. These results indicate that bone degeneration in SMP30/GNL KO mice was caused by lack of vitamin C, and that this mouse strain is an appropriate model for bone metabolism in humans, which have no ability to synthesize vitamin C.
28448089	0	17	Bone Degeneration	T047	C1390464
28448089	38	47	SMP30/GNL	T028	C1419366
28448089	50	63	Knockout Mice	T015	C0206745
28448089	64	92	Senescence marker protein-30	T116,T123	C1451963
28448089	94	99	SMP30	T116,T123	C1451963
28448089	111	119	androgen	T121,T125	C0002844
28448089	140	145	aging	T040	C0001811
28448089	155	162	lactone	T109	C0022947
28448089	165	183	hydrolyzing enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28448089	184	200	gluconolactonase	T116,T126	C0051129
28448089	202	205	GNL	T116,T126	C0051129
28448089	227	236	vitamin C	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
28448089	237	249	biosynthesis	T169	C0005572
28448089	266	271	study	T062	C2603343
28448089	273	277	bone	T023	C0262950
28448089	292	301	SMP30/GNL	T028	C1419366
28448089	302	320	knockout (KO) mice	T015	C0206745
28448089	326	336	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28448089	340	349	vitamin C	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
28448089	350	359	synthesis	T169	C0005572
28448089	403	412	SMP30/GNL	T116,T123	C1451963
28448089	417	426	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28448089	427	436	vitamin C	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
28448089	437	452	supplementation	T121	C0302837
28448089	456	470	bone formation	T042	C0029433
28448089	472	487	Mineral content	T081	C0005963
28448089	489	492	BMC	T081	C0005963
28448089	498	513	mineral density	T201	C0005938
28448089	515	518	BMD	T201	C0005938
28448089	527	535	mandible	T023	C0024687
28448089	540	545	femur	T023	C0015811
28448089	549	558	SMP30/GNL	T028	C1419366
28448089	559	561	KO	T015	C0206745
28448089	566	580	wild-type mice	T015	C1520150
28448089	592	598	months	T079	C0439231
28448089	602	605	age	T032	C0001779
28448089	622	631	vitamin C	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
28448089	632	647	supplementation	T121	C0302837
28448089	665	697	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
28448089	699	703	Body	T032	C0005910
28448089	708	712	bone	T023	C0262950
28448089	713	719	weight	T081	C0043100
28448089	728	738	age groups	T100	C0596090
28448089	794	808	wild-type mice	T015	C1520150
28448089	814	819	bones	T023	C0262950
28448089	823	832	SMP30/GNL	T028	C1419366
28448089	833	840	KO mice	T015	C0206745
28448089	869	872	BMC	T081	C0005963
28448089	877	880	BMD	T201	C0005938
28448089	901	910	wild-type	T015	C1520150
28448089	912	916	Oral	T030	C0226896
28448089	917	932	supplementation	T121	C0302837
28448089	938	947	vitamin C	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
28448089	974	985	body weight	T032	C0005910
28448089	987	991	bone	T023	C0262950
28448089	1000	1003	BMC	T081	C0005963
28448089	1009	1012	BMD	T201	C0005938
28448089	1021	1030	SMP30/GNL	T028	C1419366
28448089	1031	1033	KO	T015	C0206745
28448089	1038	1052	wild-type mice	T015	C1520150
28448089	1061	1064	age	T032	C0001779
28448089	1094	1111	bone degeneration	T047	C1390464
28448089	1115	1124	SMP30/GNL	T028	C1419366
28448089	1125	1132	KO mice	T015	C0206745
28448089	1155	1164	vitamin C	T109,T121,T127	C0003968
28448089	1180	1192	mouse strain	T015	C0025930
28448089	1211	1216	model	T008	C0599779
28448089	1221	1236	bone metabolism	T042	C0596204
28448089	1240	1246	humans	T016	C0086418
28448089	1273	1283	synthesize	T169	C0005572
28448089	1284	1293	vitamin C	T109,T121,T127	C0003968

28448233|t|T1 and T2 Mapping in Recognition of Early Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Sarcoidosis
28448233|a|Purpose To determine whether quantitative tissue characterization with T1 and T2 mapping supports recognition of myocardial involvement in patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Materials and Methods Fifty-three consecutive patients with a biopsy-proven extracardiac diagnosis of systemic sarcoidosis (21 men; median age, 45 years; interquartile range, 22 years) and 36 normotensive previously healthy control subjects (14 men; median age, 43 years; interquartile range, 18 years) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, which was performed to assess cardiac function and late gadolinium enhancement, and T1 and T2 mapping. A follow-up substudy was performed in 40 patients (mean follow-up interval, 144 days ± 35 [standard deviation]); of these 40 patients, 18 underwent anti-inflammatory treatment for systemic symptoms. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were used to assess discrimination between health and disease; Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess the effect of treatment. Results When compared with control subjects, patients had higher ventricular volume, higher myocardial native T1 and T2, and lower longitudinal strain and ejection fraction (P < .05 for all). Myocardial native T1 and T2 had higher discriminatory accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.96 and 0.89, respectively) for separation between control subjects and patients when compared with the standard diagnostic criteria (AUC < 0.67). Native T1 was the independent discriminator between health and disease (specificity, 90%; sensitivity, 96%; accuracy, 94%). There was a significant reduction of native T1 and T2 in the patients who underwent treatment (z score: -3.72 and -2.88; P < .01) but not in the patients who did not (z score, -1.42 and -1.38; P > .15). Conclusion Quantitative myocardial tissue characterization with T1 and T2 mapping may enable noninvasive recognition of cardiac involvement and activity of myocardial inflammation in patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Future studies will be performed to confirm their role in risk stratification and guidance of clinical management. (©) RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
28448233	0	2	T1	T081	C2697938
28448233	7	9	T2	T081	C2700066
28448233	10	17	Mapping	T052	C1283195
28448233	21	32	Recognition	T033	C0243095
28448233	36	61	Early Cardiac Involvement	T033	C0243095
28448233	65	85	Systemic Sarcoidosis	UnknownType	C0519072
28448233	115	127	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28448233	128	134	tissue	T024	C0027061
28448233	135	151	characterization	T052	C1880022
28448233	157	159	T1	T081	C2697938
28448233	164	166	T2	T081	C2700066
28448233	167	174	mapping	T052	C1283195
28448233	175	183	supports	T080	C1269765
28448233	184	195	recognition	T033	C0243095
28448233	199	209	myocardial	T024	C0027061
28448233	225	233	patients	T101	C0030705
28448233	239	259	systemic sarcoidosis	UnknownType	C0519072
28448233	295	306	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28448233	307	315	patients	T101	C0030705
28448233	323	336	biopsy-proven	T060	C1304881
28448233	337	359	extracardiac diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28448233	363	383	systemic sarcoidosis	UnknownType	C0519072
28448233	388	391	men	T098	C0025266
28448233	393	399	median	T081	C2348144
28448233	400	403	age	T032	C0001779
28448233	408	413	years	T079	C1510829
28448233	415	434	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28448233	439	444	years	T079	C1510829
28448233	453	465	normotensive	T033	C2712122
28448233	477	484	healthy	T080	C3898900
28448233	485	501	control subjects	T096	C0009932
28448233	506	509	men	T098	C0025266
28448233	511	517	median	T081	C2348144
28448233	518	521	age	T032	C0001779
28448233	526	531	years	T079	C1510829
28448233	533	552	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28448233	557	562	years	T079	C1510829
28448233	574	588	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28448233	589	615	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28448233	640	646	assess	T058	C0184514
28448233	647	663	cardiac function	T042	C0232164
28448233	668	695	late gadolinium enhancement	T060	C2936236
28448233	701	703	T1	T081	C2697938
28448233	708	710	T2	T081	C2700066
28448233	711	718	mapping	T052	C1283195
28448233	722	731	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28448233	732	740	substudy	T062	C2603343
28448233	745	754	performed	T169	C0884358
28448233	761	769	patients	T101	C0030705
28448233	776	794	follow-up interval	T079	C1272706
28448233	800	804	days	T079	C0439228
28448233	811	829	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28448233	845	853	patients	T101	C0030705
28448233	868	895	anti-inflammatory treatment	T061	C0087111
28448233	900	917	systemic symptoms	T184	C2039684
28448233	919	945	Binary logistic regression	UnknownType	C0681925
28448233	950	989	receiver operating characteristic curve	T081	C0035787
28448233	990	998	analyses	T062	C0936012
28448233	1012	1018	assess	T058	C0184514
28448233	1019	1033	discrimination	T169	C2945687
28448233	1042	1048	health	T078	C0018684
28448233	1053	1060	disease	T047	C0012634
28448233	1062	1087	Wilcoxon signed rank test	T170	C0871608
28448233	1100	1106	assess	T058	C0184514
28448233	1111	1130	effect of treatment	T033	C1518681
28448233	1159	1175	control subjects	T096	C0009932
28448233	1177	1185	patients	T101	C0030705
28448233	1190	1196	higher	T080	C0205250
28448233	1197	1215	ventricular volume	T081	C1980012
28448233	1217	1223	higher	T080	C0205250
28448233	1224	1234	myocardial	T082	C1522564
28448233	1235	1244	native T1	T081	C2697938
28448233	1249	1251	T2	T081	C2700066
28448233	1257	1262	lower	T080	C0205251
28448233	1263	1282	longitudinal strain	T033	C0243095
28448233	1287	1304	ejection fraction	T033	C2700378
28448233	1324	1334	Myocardial	T082	C1522564
28448233	1335	1344	native T1	T081	C2697938
28448233	1349	1351	T2	T081	C2700066
28448233	1356	1362	higher	T080	C0205250
28448233	1363	1386	discriminatory accuracy	T080	C0598285
28448233	1388	1442	area under the receiver operating characteristic curve	T081	C0376690
28448233	1444	1447	AUC	T081	C0376690
28448233	1502	1518	control subjects	T096	C0009932
28448233	1523	1531	patients	T101	C0030705
28448233	1555	1563	standard	T080	C1442989
28448233	1564	1583	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
28448233	1585	1588	AUC	T081	C0376690
28448233	1598	1607	Native T1	T081	C2697938
28448233	1616	1641	independent discriminator	T080	C0205556
28448233	1650	1656	health	T078	C0018684
28448233	1661	1668	disease	T047	C0012634
28448233	1670	1681	specificity	T081	C1511884
28448233	1688	1699	sensitivity	T081	C1511883
28448233	1706	1714	accuracy	T080	C0598285
28448233	1734	1755	significant reduction	T061	C0441610
28448233	1759	1768	native T1	T081	C2697938
28448233	1773	1775	T2	T081	C2700066
28448233	1783	1791	patients	T101	C0030705
28448233	1806	1815	treatment	T061	C0087111
28448233	1817	1824	z score	T081	C0871421
28448233	1856	1859	not	T033	C0205160
28448233	1867	1875	patients	T101	C0030705
28448233	1884	1887	not	T033	C0205160
28448233	1889	1896	z score	T081	C0871421
28448233	1936	1948	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28448233	1949	1966	myocardial tissue	T024	C0027061
28448233	1967	1983	characterization	T052	C1880022
28448233	1989	1991	T1	T081	C2697938
28448233	1996	1998	T2	T081	C2700066
28448233	1999	2006	mapping	T052	C1283195
28448233	2018	2041	noninvasive recognition	T058	C0814177
28448233	2045	2064	cardiac involvement	T033	C0243095
28448233	2069	2077	activity	T052	C0441655
28448233	2081	2104	myocardial inflammation	T047	C0027059
28448233	2108	2116	patients	T101	C0030705
28448233	2122	2142	systemic sarcoidosis	UnknownType	C0519072
28448233	2151	2158	studies	T062	C2603343
28448233	2167	2176	performed	T169	C0884358
28448233	2202	2206	risk	T078	C0035647
28448233	2207	2221	stratification	T062	C1514983
28448233	2226	2234	guidance	T058	C0150600
28448233	2238	2257	clinical management	T058	C1516615

28448263|t|Zinc and Wound Healing: A Review of Zinc Physiology and Clinical Applications
28448263|a|Our understanding of the role of zinc in normal human physiology is constantly expanding, yet there are major gaps in our knowledge with regard to the function of zinc in wound healing. This review aims to provide the clinician with sufficient understanding of zinc biology and an up-to-date perspective on the role of zinc in wound healing. Zinc is an essential ion that is crucial for maintenance of normal physiology, and zinc deficiency has many manifestations ranging from delayed wound healing to immune dysfunction and impairment of multiple sensory systems. While consensus has been reached regarding the detrimental effects of zinc deficiency on wound healing, there is considerable discord in the literature on the optimal methods and true benefits of zinc supplementation.
28448263	0	4	Zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28448263	9	22	Wound Healing	T040	C0043240
28448263	26	35	Review of	T169	C0699752
28448263	36	40	Zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28448263	41	51	Physiology	T039	C0031843
28448263	56	77	Clinical Applications	T169	C4048755
28448263	82	95	understanding	T041	C0233820
28448263	111	115	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28448263	126	131	human	T016	C0086418
28448263	132	142	physiology	T039	C0031843
28448263	146	156	constantly	T080	C1948059
28448263	188	192	gaps	T082	C3887622
28448263	229	237	function	T169	C0542341
28448263	241	245	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28448263	249	262	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28448263	269	275	review	T170	C0282443
28448263	276	280	aims	T078	C1947946
28448263	296	305	clinician	T097	C0871685
28448263	311	321	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28448263	339	343	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28448263	344	351	biology	T091	C0005532
28448263	397	401	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28448263	405	418	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28448263	420	424	Zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28448263	441	444	ion	T196	C0022023
28448263	487	497	physiology	T039	C0031843
28448263	503	518	zinc deficiency	T047	C0235950
28448263	528	542	manifestations	T169	C0205319
28448263	556	563	delayed	T079	C0205421
28448263	564	577	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28448263	581	599	immune dysfunction	T047	C0021053
28448263	604	614	impairment	T169	C0221099
28448263	618	626	multiple	T081	C0439064
28448263	627	642	sensory systems	T022	C0682647
28448263	650	659	consensus	T054	C0376298
28448263	691	710	detrimental effects	T080	C1280500
28448263	714	729	zinc deficiency	T047	C0235950
28448263	733	746	wound healing	T040	C0043240
28448263	770	777	discord	T054	C0680238
28448263	785	795	literature	T170	C0023866
28448263	803	818	optimal methods	T170	C0025663
28448263	823	836	true benefits	T081	C0814225
28448263	840	844	zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481

28448873|t|Osthole attenuates lipid accumulation, regulates the expression of inflammatory mediators, and increases antioxidants in FL83B cells
28448873|a|Osthole is found in Cnidium monnieri (L.) and has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. It also inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This study aimed to evaluate the osthole suppressive nonalcoholic fatty liver disease effects in oleic acid (OA)- induced hepatic steatosis and if it can modulate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. FL83B cell s were pretreated with OA (250μΜ) for 24h, and then added different concentrations of osthole (3-100μM) for 24h. Subsequently, lipolysis and transcription factors of adipogenesis and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase proteins were measured. In addition, cells with OA - induced steatosis were H2O2 - stimulated, and then incubated with osthole to evaluated if it could suppress its progression to steatohepatitis. Osthole significantly enhanced glycerol release and lipolysis protein expression. Osthole also promoted phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinases and increased the activity of triglyceride lipase and hormone- sensitive lipase. Osthole suppressed the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and decreased the malondialdehyde concentration in FL83B cells with OA - induced steatosis that were treated with H2O2. These results suggest that osthole might suppress nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by decreasing lipid accumulation, and through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects via blocked NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
28448873	0	7	Osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28448873	8	18	attenuates	T052	C0599946
28448873	19	37	lipid accumulation	T033	C0333574
28448873	39	48	regulates	T038	C1327622
28448873	53	63	expression	T045	C1171362
28448873	67	89	inflammatory mediators	T121	C0243042
28448873	95	104	increases	T081	C0205217
28448873	105	117	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
28448873	121	132	FL83B cells	T025	C0007634
28448873	133	140	Osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28448873	153	174	Cnidium monnieri (L.)	T002	C1042483
28448873	183	200	anti-inflammatory	T080	C1515999
28448873	205	230	anti-oxidative properties	T039	C3179302
28448873	240	248	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28448873	253	266	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28448873	270	294	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28448873	295	300	cells	T025	C0007634
28448873	335	342	osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28448873	343	354	suppressive	T169	C0205367
28448873	355	387	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease	T047	C0400966
28448873	388	395	effects	T080	C1280500
28448873	399	409	oleic acid	T109,T121	C0028928
28448873	411	413	OA	T109,T121	C0028928
28448873	416	423	induced	T169	C0205263
28448873	424	441	hepatic steatosis	T047	C2711227
28448873	465	487	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
28448873	492	508	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28448873	510	520	FL83B cell	T025	C0007634
28448873	528	538	pretreated	T052	C3539076
28448873	544	546	OA	T109,T121	C0028928
28448873	579	588	different	T080	C1705242
28448873	589	603	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28448873	607	614	osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28448873	648	657	lipolysis	T040	C0023796
28448873	662	683	transcription factors	T116,T123	C0040648
28448873	687	699	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
28448873	704	719	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28448873	723	760	AMP-activated protein kinase proteins	T116,T126	C2350345
28448873	766	774	measured	T080	C0444706
28448873	789	794	cells	T025	C0007634
28448873	800	802	OA	T109,T121	C0028928
28448873	805	812	induced	T169	C0205263
28448873	813	822	steatosis	T046	C0152254
28448873	828	832	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28448873	835	845	stimulated	T070	C1948023
28448873	856	865	incubated	T059	C1439852
28448873	871	878	osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28448873	904	912	suppress	T169	C1260953
28448873	917	928	progression	T169	C0449258
28448873	932	947	steatohepatitis	T047	C2711227
28448873	949	956	Osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28448873	971	979	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28448873	980	988	glycerol	T109,T121,T123	C0017861
28448873	989	996	release	T169	C1283071
28448873	1001	1010	lipolysis	T040	C0023796
28448873	1011	1029	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28448873	1031	1038	Osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28448873	1053	1068	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28448873	1072	1101	AMP-activated protein kinases	T116,T126	C2350345
28448873	1106	1115	increased	T081	C0205217
28448873	1120	1151	activity of triglyceride lipase	T044	C2262029
28448873	1156	1181	hormone- sensitive lipase	T044	C2266414
28448873	1183	1190	Osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28448873	1191	1201	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28448873	1206	1242	nuclear transcription factor kappa-B	T116,T129	C0079904
28448873	1251	1287	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase	T116,T126	C1120843
28448873	1288	1295	pathway	T044	C1704259
28448873	1301	1310	decreased	T081	C0205216
28448873	1315	1330	malondialdehyde	T109,T123	C0024643
28448873	1331	1344	concentration	T081	C1446561
28448873	1348	1359	FL83B cells	T025	C0007634
28448873	1365	1367	OA	T109,T121	C0028928
28448873	1370	1377	induced	T169	C0205263
28448873	1378	1387	steatosis	T046	C0152254
28448873	1398	1410	treated with	T169	C1522326
28448873	1411	1415	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28448873	1444	1451	osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28448873	1458	1466	suppress	T169	C1260953
28448873	1467	1499	nonalcoholic fatty liver disease	T047	C0400966
28448873	1514	1532	lipid accumulation	T033	C0333574
28448873	1550	1564	anti-oxidative	T039	C3179302
28448873	1569	1594	anti-inflammatory effects	T080	C1515999
28448873	1599	1606	blocked	T169	C0332206
28448873	1607	1612	NF-κB	T116,T129	C0079904
28448873	1617	1640	MAPK signaling pathways	T043	C1518102

28449310|t|RATIONAL DESIGN OF NANOBODY80 LOOP PEPTIDOMIMETICS: TOWARDS BIASED β2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR LIGANDS
28449310|a|G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an important role for many cellular responses, and as such their mechanism of action is of utmost interest. To gain insight into the active conformation of GPCRs, the X-ray crystal structures of Nanobody(Nb) -stabilized β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) have been reported. Nb80 in particular is able to bind the intracellular G protein binding site of β2AR and stabilize the receptors in an active conformation. Within Nb80, the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) is responsible for most of the binding interactions. Hence we hypothesized that peptidomimetics of the CDR3 loop might be sufficient for binding to the receptor, inhibiting the interaction of β2AR with intracellular GPCR interacting proteins (e.g. G proteins). Based on previous crystallographic data, a set of peptidomimetics were synthesized which, similarly to the Nb80 CDR3 loop, adopt a  -hairpin conformation. Syntheses, conformationa l analysis, binding and functional in vitro assays, as well as internalization experiments were performed. We demonstrate that peptidomimetics can structurally mimic the CDR3 loop of a Nanobody and its function by inhibiting G protein coupling as measured by partial inhibition of cAMP production.
28449310	19	29	NANOBODY80	T116,T129	C4276535
28449310	30	34	LOOP	T082	C0445022
28449310	35	50	PEPTIDOMIMETICS	T121	C2936235
28449310	60	66	BIASED	T078	C0242568
28449310	67	97	β2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR LIGANDS	T044	C1623230
28449310	98	125	G protein-coupled receptors	T116,T192	C0682972
28449310	127	132	GPCRs	T116,T192	C0682972
28449310	166	184	cellular responses	T039	C1659608
28449310	204	223	mechanism of action	T039	C0031327
28449310	279	291	conformation	T082	C0026377
28449310	295	300	GPCRs	T116,T192	C0682972
28449310	306	311	X-ray	T070	C0043309
28449310	312	330	crystal structures	T026	C0230587
28449310	334	346	Nanobody(Nb)	T116,T129	C4276535
28449310	359	381	β2-adrenergic receptor	T116,T192	C0001643
28449310	383	387	β2AR	T116,T192	C0001643
28449310	409	413	Nb80	T116,T129	C4276535
28449310	439	443	bind	T044	C1167622
28449310	448	461	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28449310	462	471	G protein	T116,T126	C0086376
28449310	472	484	binding site	T087	C1514535
28449310	488	492	β2AR	T116,T192	C0001643
28449310	511	520	receptors	T116,T192	C0597357
28449310	527	546	active conformation	T082	C0033625
28449310	555	559	Nb80	T116,T129	C4276535
28449310	565	601	complementarity-determining region 3	T116,T129	C0887928
28449310	603	607	CDR3	T116,T129	C0887928
28449310	640	660	binding interactions	T044	C1167622
28449310	689	704	peptidomimetics	T121	C2936235
28449310	712	716	CDR3	T116,T129	C0887928
28449310	717	721	loop	T082	C0445022
28449310	746	769	binding to the receptor	T044	C0597358
28449310	771	781	inhibiting	T044	C3269586
28449310	786	797	interaction	T044	C1167622
28449310	801	805	β2AR	T116,T192	C0001643
28449310	811	824	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28449310	825	841	GPCR interacting	T044	C1749317
28449310	842	850	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28449310	857	867	G proteins	T116,T126	C0086376
28449310	888	909	crystallographic data	T059	C0010424
28449310	920	935	peptidomimetics	T121	C2936235
28449310	941	952	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28449310	977	981	Nb80	T116,T129	C4276535
28449310	982	986	CDR3	T116,T129	C0887928
28449310	987	991	loop	T082	C0445022
28449310	1003	1024	-hairpin conformation	T082	C1518960
28449310	1026	1035	Syntheses	T052	C3178925
28449310	1037	1050	conformationa	T082	C1518960
28449310	1063	1070	binding	T044	C1167622
28449310	1086	1101	in vitro assays	T062	C1515653
28449310	1114	1129	internalization	T067	C0599281
28449310	1178	1193	peptidomimetics	T121	C2936235
28449310	1198	1210	structurally	T085	C0026383
28449310	1221	1225	CDR3	T116,T129	C0887928
28449310	1226	1230	loop	T082	C0445022
28449310	1236	1244	Nanobody	T116,T129	C4276535
28449310	1253	1261	function	T044	C1527118
28449310	1265	1275	inhibiting	T040	C2245433
28449310	1276	1294	G protein coupling	T044	C1819628
28449310	1310	1317	partial	T081	C0728938
28449310	1318	1328	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28449310	1332	1347	cAMP production	T044	C1157594

28449774|t|Utility of Post-Mortem Genetic Testing in Cases of Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome
28449774|a|Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) describes a sudden death with negative autopsy and toxicological analysis. Cardiac genetic disease is a likely etiology. This study investigated the clinical utility and combined yield of post-mortem genetic testing (molecular autopsy) in cases of SADS and comprehensive clinical evaluation of surviving relatives. We evaluated 302 expertly validated SADS cases with suitable DNA (median age: 24 years; 65% males) who underwent next-generation sequencing using an extended panel of 77 primary electrical disorder and cardiomyopathy genes. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were classified using American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) consensus guidelines. The yield of combined molecular autopsy and clinical evaluation in 82 surviving families was evaluated. A gene-level rare variant association analysis was conducted in SADS cases versus controls. A clinically actionable pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was identified in 40 of 302 cases (13%). The main etiologies established were catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and long QT syndrome (17 [6%] and 11 [4%], respectively). Gene-based rare variants association analysis showed enrichment of rare predicted deleterious variants in RYR2 (p = 5 × 10(-5)). Combining molecular autopsy with clinical evaluation in surviving families increased diagnostic yield from 26% to 39%. Molecular autopsy for electrical disorder and cardiomyopathy genes, using ACMG guidelines for variant classification, identified a modest but realistic yield in SADS. Our data highlighted the predominant role of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and long QT syndrome, especially the RYR2 gene, as well as the minimal yield from other genes. Furthermore, we showed the enhanced utility of combined clinical and genetic evaluation.
28449774	11	22	Post-Mortem	T060	C0004398
28449774	23	38	Genetic Testing	T062	C1517514
28449774	51	83	Sudden Arrhythmic Death Syndrome	T047	C2721586
28449774	84	116	Sudden arrhythmic death syndrome	T047	C2721586
28449774	118	122	SADS	T047	C2721586
28449774	136	148	sudden death	T046	C0011071
28449774	163	170	autopsy	T060	C0004398
28449774	175	188	toxicological	T169	C0205472
28449774	189	197	analysis	T062	C0936012
28449774	199	222	Cardiac genetic disease	T047	C0019247
28449774	235	243	etiology	T169	C1314792
28449774	250	255	study	T062	C2603343
28449774	256	268	investigated	T169	C1292732
28449774	273	289	clinical utility	T080	C0205210
28449774	312	323	post-mortem	T060	C0004398
28449774	324	339	genetic testing	T062	C1517514
28449774	341	358	molecular autopsy	T060	C0004398
28449774	372	376	SADS	T047	C2721586
28449774	381	394	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28449774	395	414	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
28449774	418	427	surviving	T052	C0038952
28449774	428	437	relatives	T099	C0080103
28449774	442	451	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28449774	475	479	SADS	T047	C2721586
28449774	500	503	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28449774	512	515	age	T032	C0001779
28449774	531	536	males	T032	C0086582
28449774	552	567	next-generation	T090	C3274765
28449774	568	578	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28449774	597	602	panel	T078	C0441833
28449774	609	636	primary electrical disorder	T028	C0017337
28449774	641	661	cardiomyopathy genes	T028	C0017337
28449774	663	673	Pathogenic	T033	C3816499
28449774	685	704	pathogenic variants	T080	C0205419
28449774	727	763	American College of Medical Genetics	T093	C1708333
28449774	765	769	ACMG	T093	C1708333
28449774	771	791	consensus guidelines	T170	C0162791
28449774	815	832	molecular autopsy	T060	C0004398
28449774	837	856	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
28449774	863	881	surviving families	T099	C0015576
28449774	886	895	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28449774	899	943	gene-level rare variant association analysis	T063	C2350277
28449774	961	965	SADS	T047	C2721586
28449774	979	987	controls	T096	C0009932
28449774	991	1012	clinically actionable	T080	C0205556
28449774	1013	1023	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
28449774	1034	1052	pathogenic variant	T080	C0205419
28449774	1103	1113	etiologies	T169	C1314792
28449774	1131	1184	catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia	T047	C4053736
28449774	1189	1205	long QT syndrome	T047	C0023976
28449774	1243	1288	Gene-based rare variants association analysis	T063	C2350277
28449774	1325	1345	deleterious variants	T080	C0205419
28449774	1349	1353	RYR2	T028	C1419779
28449774	1382	1399	molecular autopsy	T060	C0004398
28449774	1405	1424	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
28449774	1428	1446	surviving families	T099	C0015576
28449774	1457	1473	diagnostic yield	T080	C0205556
28449774	1491	1508	Molecular autopsy	T060	C0004398
28449774	1513	1532	electrical disorder	T028	C0017337
28449774	1537	1557	cardiomyopathy genes	T028	C0017337
28449774	1565	1569	ACMG	T093	C1708333
28449774	1570	1580	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28449774	1585	1607	variant classification	T185	C0008902
28449774	1652	1656	SADS	T047	C2721586
28449774	1703	1756	catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia	T047	C4053736
28449774	1761	1777	long QT syndrome	T047	C0023976
28449774	1794	1803	RYR2 gene	T028	C1419779
28449774	1845	1850	genes	T028	C0017337
28449774	1908	1916	clinical	T058	C4084924
28449774	1921	1939	genetic evaluation	T058	C0846617

28450196|t|Receipt of thyroid hormone deficiency treatment and risk of herpes zoster
28450196|a|Thyroid hormone (TH) has been suggested to control herpes virus gene expression and replication in neurons via epigenetics through its nuclear receptors. It has previously been shown that patients with hypothyroidism are predisposed to herpes zoster (HZ), suggesting that the TH deficiency may be a risk factor for varicella zoster virus (VZV) reactivation. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that TH treatment will ameliorate the complication of HZ. This study investigated the hypothesis by enquiring into a comprehensive medical database at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) to verify whether patients taking TH medication experience a reduction in HZ occurrence. It was shown by Kaplan-Meier analysis that hypothyroidism patients taking TH medicines had a lower risk of HZ. The fully adjusted analysis indicated that patients receiving medication for the treatment of TH deficiency exhibited a reduced risk of HZ (hazard ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.51-0.71). This lower risk of HZ was significant in all age groups except the 18-39 years cohort. In addition, female patients taking TH treatment exhibited a lower risk than their male counterparts. Together these findings support the hypothesis that a constant level of TH will provide a degree of protection from contracting HZ. More studies are underway to evaluate the laboratory data for an analysis of hormonal effects on individuals.
28450196	11	37	thyroid hormone deficiency	T047	C0020676
28450196	38	47	treatment	T061	C0087111
28450196	52	56	risk	T078	C0035647
28450196	60	73	herpes zoster	T047	C0019360
28450196	74	89	Thyroid hormone	T116,T125	C0040135
28450196	91	93	TH	T116,T125	C0040135
28450196	125	137	herpes virus	T005	C0019369
28450196	138	153	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28450196	158	169	replication	T045	C0598312
28450196	173	180	neurons	T025	C0027882
28450196	185	196	epigenetics	T045	C1516924
28450196	209	226	nuclear receptors	T116,T192	C0206588
28450196	262	270	patients	T101	C0030705
28450196	276	290	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
28450196	310	323	herpes zoster	T047	C0019360
28450196	325	327	HZ	T047	C0019360
28450196	350	363	TH deficiency	T047	C0020676
28450196	373	384	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28450196	389	411	varicella zoster virus	T005	C0042338
28450196	413	416	VZV	T005	C0042338
28450196	418	430	reactivation	T052	C4086768
28450196	436	439	aim	T078	C1947946
28450196	448	453	study	T062	C2603343
28450196	470	480	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28450196	486	498	TH treatment	T061	C2986608
28450196	519	531	complication	T046	C0009566
28450196	535	537	HZ	T047	C0019360
28450196	544	549	study	T062	C2603343
28450196	550	562	investigated	T169	C1292732
28450196	567	577	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28450196	598	628	comprehensive medical database	T170	C0242356
28450196	632	669	Kaiser Permanente Southern California	T093	C1708333
28450196	671	675	KPSC	T093	C1708333
28450196	695	703	patients	T101	C0030705
28450196	711	713	TH	T116,T125	C0040135
28450196	714	724	medication	T058	C2081612
28450196	751	753	HZ	T047	C0019360
28450196	782	803	Kaplan-Meier analysis	T081	C1720943
28450196	809	823	hypothyroidism	T047	C0020676
28450196	824	832	patients	T101	C0030705
28450196	840	842	TH	T116,T125	C0040135
28450196	843	852	medicines	T121	C0013227
28450196	865	869	risk	T078	C0035647
28450196	873	875	HZ	T047	C0019360
28450196	896	904	analysis	T062	C0936012
28450196	920	928	patients	T101	C0030705
28450196	939	949	medication	T058	C2081612
28450196	958	967	treatment	T061	C0087111
28450196	971	984	TH deficiency	T047	C0020676
28450196	1005	1009	risk	T078	C0035647
28450196	1013	1015	HZ	T047	C0019360
28450196	1017	1029	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28450196	1040	1059	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28450196	1083	1087	risk	T078	C0035647
28450196	1091	1093	HZ	T047	C0019360
28450196	1117	1127	age groups	T100	C0027362
28450196	1145	1150	years	T079	C0439234
28450196	1151	1157	cohort	T098	C0599755
28450196	1172	1178	female	T032	C0086287
28450196	1179	1187	patients	T101	C0030705
28450196	1195	1207	TH treatment	T061	C2986608
28450196	1226	1230	risk	T078	C0035647
28450196	1242	1246	male	T032	C0086582
28450196	1276	1284	findings	T033	C0243095
28450196	1297	1307	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28450196	1333	1335	TH	T116,T125	C0040135
28450196	1389	1391	HZ	T047	C0019360
28450196	1398	1405	studies	T062	C2603343
28450196	1422	1450	evaluate the laboratory data	T058	C0262707
28450196	1458	1466	analysis	T062	C0936012
28450196	1470	1478	hormonal	T080	C0458083
28450196	1479	1486	effects	T080	C1280500
28450196	1490	1501	individuals	T098	C0027361

28450207|t|Drug release studies from lipid nanoparticles in physiological media by a new DSC method
28450207|a|Lipid nanoparticles are an interesting parenteral delivery system for poorly water-soluble drugs. In order to approach physiological conditions when conducting release studies from such systems the release media should preferentially contain lipophilic acceptor compartments such as lipoproteins or other colloidal lipophilic components. In practice, drug release studies under such close to physiological conditions may be complicated by the small size of lipid nanoparticles, which is in the same range as that of the potential acceptor particles. This study describes a novel differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method for drug release measurements which works without separation of donor and acceptor particles. The technique is based on measuring the crystallization temperature of trimyristin nanoparticles by DSC. The crystallization temperature of the nanoparticles decreases proportionally with the amount of active ingredient incorporated and thus increases as a result of drug release. Liquid trimyristin nanoparticles loaded with fenofibrate, orlistat, tocopherol acetate and ubidecarenone were studied in three different release media with increasing complexity and comparability to physiological conditions: a rapeseed oil nanoemulsion, porcine serum and porcine blood. Using the new method, a correlation between release behavior and drug lipophilicity was observed: the higher the logP value of the drug, the slower the release. The extent of drug release was influenced by partition equilibrium as indicated by increased drug release in the rapeseed oil nanoemulsion compared to porcine serum and blood.
28450207	0	12	Drug release	T070	C3850077
28450207	13	20	studies	T062	C2603343
28450207	26	31	lipid	T109	C0023779
28450207	32	45	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28450207	49	62	physiological	T169	C0205463
28450207	63	68	media	T130	C0010454
28450207	78	81	DSC	T059	C0006780
28450207	82	88	method	T170	C0025663
28450207	89	94	Lipid	T109	C0023779
28450207	95	108	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28450207	128	154	parenteral delivery system	T169	C1518896
28450207	166	185	water-soluble drugs	T121	C1254351
28450207	208	221	physiological	T169	C0205463
28450207	222	232	conditions	T080	C0348080
28450207	257	264	studies	T062	C2603343
28450207	295	300	media	T130	C0010454
28450207	331	341	lipophilic	T081	C0598631
28450207	342	363	acceptor compartments	T082	C1254362
28450207	372	384	lipoproteins	T116,T123	C0023820
28450207	394	403	colloidal	T122	C0009361
28450207	404	414	lipophilic	T081	C0598631
28450207	415	425	components	T077	C1705248
28450207	440	452	drug release	T070	C3850077
28450207	453	460	studies	T062	C2603343
28450207	481	494	physiological	T169	C0205463
28450207	495	505	conditions	T080	C0348080
28450207	532	542	small size	T033	C0748864
28450207	546	551	lipid	T109	C0023779
28450207	552	565	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28450207	619	637	acceptor particles	T104	C0597177
28450207	644	649	study	T062	C2603343
28450207	668	701	differential scanning calorimetry	T059	C0006780
28450207	703	706	DSC	T059	C0006780
28450207	708	714	method	T170	C0025663
28450207	719	731	drug release	T070	C3850077
28450207	732	744	measurements	T169	C0242485
28450207	779	784	donor	T104	C0597177
28450207	789	807	acceptor particles	T104	C0597177
28450207	813	822	technique	T169	C0449851
28450207	849	864	crystallization	T070	C0010423
28450207	865	876	temperature	T081	C0039476
28450207	880	891	trimyristin	T109,T121	C0077214
28450207	892	905	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28450207	909	912	DSC	T059	C0006780
28450207	918	933	crystallization	T070	C0010423
28450207	934	945	temperature	T081	C0039476
28450207	953	966	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28450207	1076	1088	drug release	T070	C3850077
28450207	1097	1108	trimyristin	T109,T121	C0077214
28450207	1109	1122	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28450207	1135	1146	fenofibrate	T109,T121	C0033228
28450207	1148	1156	orlistat	T109,T121	C0076275
28450207	1158	1176	tocopherol acetate	T109,T121,T127	C0078373
28450207	1181	1194	ubidecarenone	T109,T121,T123	C0056077
28450207	1235	1240	media	T130	C0010454
28450207	1289	1302	physiological	T169	C0205463
28450207	1303	1313	conditions	T080	C0348080
28450207	1317	1342	rapeseed oil nanoemulsion	T121	C3191795
28450207	1344	1351	porcine	T015	C0039005
28450207	1352	1357	serum	T031	C0229671
28450207	1362	1369	porcine	T015	C0039005
28450207	1370	1375	blood	T031	C0005767
28450207	1387	1397	new method	T170	C0025663
28450207	1442	1446	drug	T121	C1254351
28450207	1447	1460	lipophilicity	T081	C0598631
28450207	1490	1500	logP value	T081	C1522609
28450207	1508	1512	drug	T121	C1254351
28450207	1552	1564	drug release	T070	C3850077
28450207	1631	1643	drug release	T070	C3850077
28450207	1651	1676	rapeseed oil nanoemulsion	T121	C3191795
28450207	1689	1696	porcine	T015	C0039005
28450207	1697	1702	serum	T031	C0229671
28450207	1707	1712	blood	T031	C0005767

28450395|t|Binding of DEAD-box helicase Dhh1 to the 5'UTR of ASH1 mRNA represses localized translation of ASH1 in yeast cells
28450395|a|Local translation of specific mRNAs is regulated by dynamic changes in their subcellular localization, and these changes are due to complex mechanisms controlling cytoplasmic mRNA transport. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is well suited to studying these mechanisms because many of its transcripts are transported from the mother cell to the budding daughter cell. Here, we investigated the translational control of ASH1 mRNA after transport and localization. We show that although ASH1 transcripts were translated after they reached the bud-tip, some mRNAs were bound by the RNA-binding protein Puf6 and were non-polysomal. We also found that the DEAD-box helicase Dhh1 complexed with the untranslated ASH1 mRNA and Puf6. Loss of Dhh1 affected local translation of ASH1 mRNA and resulted in delocalization of ASH1 transcript in the bud. Forcibly shifting the non-polysomal ASH1 mRNA into polysomes was associated with Dhh1 dissociation. We further demonstrated that Dhh1 is not recruited to ASH1 mRNA co-transcriptionally, suggesting that it could bind to ASH1 mRNA within the cytoplasm. Of note, Dhh1 bound to the 5 UTR of ASH1 mRNA and inhibited its translation in vitro. These results suggest that after localization to the bud tip, a portion of the localized ASH1 mRNA becomes translationally inactive, because of binding of Dhh1 and Puf6 to the 5' and 3' UTRs of ASH1 mRNA.
28450395	0	7	Binding	T052	C1145667
28450395	11	28	DEAD-box helicase	T116,T126	C0072382
28450395	29	33	Dhh1	T116,T126	C1100944
28450395	41	46	5'UTR	T114,T123	C0600493
28450395	50	54	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	55	59	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	60	69	represses	T045	C1519619
28450395	80	91	translation	T045	C1519614
28450395	95	99	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	103	108	yeast	T004	C0043393
28450395	109	114	cells	T025	C0007634
28450395	115	132	Local translation	T045	C1519614
28450395	136	144	specific	T080	C0205369
28450395	145	150	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	154	163	regulated	T043	C1326447
28450395	192	203	subcellular	T026	C0729605
28450395	204	216	localization	T169	C0475264
28450395	228	235	changes	T169	C0392747
28450395	247	254	complex	T080	C0439855
28450395	255	265	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28450395	266	277	controlling	T067	C2239193
28450395	278	289	cytoplasmic	T026	C0521449
28450395	290	304	mRNA transport	T043	C1523053
28450395	310	323	budding yeast	T004	C0014181
28450395	324	348	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28450395	382	392	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28450395	413	424	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28450395	429	440	transported	T044	C1519628
28450395	450	461	mother cell	T025	C0007634
28450395	469	476	budding	T043	C1155616
28450395	477	490	daughter cell	T025	C0007634
28450395	501	513	investigated	T169	C1292732
28450395	518	539	translational control	T043	C1157519
28450395	543	547	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	548	552	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	559	568	transport	T044	C1519628
28450395	573	585	localization	T169	C0475264
28450395	609	613	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	609	613	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	614	625	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28450395	631	641	translated	T045	C1519614
28450395	665	672	bud-tip	T026	C2263090
28450395	679	684	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	703	722	RNA-binding protein	T116,T123	C0085177
28450395	723	727	Puf6	T116,T123	C1453996
28450395	737	750	non-polysomal	T033	C0243095
28450395	775	792	DEAD-box helicase	T116,T126	C0072382
28450395	793	797	Dhh1	T116,T126	C1100944
28450395	798	807	complexed	T080	C0439855
28450395	817	829	untranslated	T114	C0600680
28450395	830	834	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	835	839	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	844	848	Puf6	T116,T123	C1453996
28450395	858	862	Dhh1	T116,T126	C1100944
28450395	872	889	local translation	T045	C1519614
28450395	893	897	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	898	902	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	919	933	delocalization	T169	C0475264
28450395	937	941	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	942	952	transcript	T114	C1519595
28450395	960	963	bud	T002	C2700462
28450395	987	1000	non-polysomal	T033	C0243095
28450395	1001	1005	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	1006	1010	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	1016	1025	polysomes	T026	C0032592
28450395	1046	1050	Dhh1	T116,T126	C1100944
28450395	1051	1063	dissociation	T048	C0086168
28450395	1094	1098	Dhh1	T116,T126	C1100944
28450395	1119	1123	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	1124	1128	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	1129	1149	co-transcriptionally	T045	C0040649
28450395	1151	1161	suggesting	T078	C1705535
28450395	1184	1188	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	1189	1193	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	1205	1214	cytoplasm	T026	C0010834
28450395	1225	1229	Dhh1	T116,T126	C1100944
28450395	1243	1248	5 UTR	T114,T123	C0600493
28450395	1252	1256	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	1257	1261	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	1266	1275	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28450395	1280	1291	translation	T045	C1519614
28450395	1292	1300	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28450395	1316	1323	suggest	T078	C1705535
28450395	1335	1347	localization	T169	C0475264
28450395	1355	1363	bud tip,	T026	C2263090
28450395	1366	1373	portion	T082	C0449719
28450395	1381	1390	localized	T082	C0392752
28450395	1391	1395	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	1396	1400	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28450395	1409	1424	translationally	T045	C1519614
28450395	1425	1433	inactive	T080	C3244312
28450395	1446	1453	binding	T052	C1145667
28450395	1457	1461	Dhh1	T116,T126	C1100944
28450395	1466	1470	Puf6	T116,T123	C1453996
28450395	1478	1492	5' and 3' UTRs	T114,T123	C0600493
28450395	1496	1500	ASH1	T028	C1426004
28450395	1501	1505	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696

28450514|t|Draft Genome Sequence of MPKL 26, the Type Strain of the Novel Species Sinomonas mesophila
28450514|a|Sinomonas mesophila MPKL 26(T) can produce silver nanoparticles. Here, we present the 4.0-Mb genome of this type strain, which contains 47 scaffolds with an N50 scaffold length of 261,266 bp. The availability of the genome sequence will provide a better understanding of strain MPKL 26(T) and the genus Sinomonas.
28450514	0	21	Draft Genome Sequence	T085	C2348746
28450514	25	32	MPKL 26	T001	C1518614
28450514	38	49	Type Strain	T001	C1518614
28450514	57	70	Novel Species	T185	C1705920
28450514	71	90	Sinomonas mesophila	T007	C3962310
28450514	91	110	Sinomonas mesophila	T007	C3962310
28450514	111	121	MPKL 26(T)	T001	C1518614
28450514	134	154	silver nanoparticles	T073	C1721060
28450514	177	190	4.0-Mb genome	T028	C0017428
28450514	199	210	type strain	T001	C1518614
28450514	230	239	scaffolds	T085	C1254364
28450514	252	260	scaffold	T085	C1254364
28450514	307	322	genome sequence	T085	C2348746
28450514	362	379	strain MPKL 26(T)	T001	C1518614
28450514	388	403	genus Sinomonas	T007	C2668374

28450855|t|The Abundance of Endofungal Bacterium Rhizobium radiobacter (syn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens) Increases in Its Fungal Host Piriformospora indica during the Tripartite Sebacinalean Symbiosis with Higher Plants
28450855|a|Rhizobium radiobacter (syn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, syn. " Agrobacterium fabrum ") is an endofungal bacterium of the fungal mutualist Piriformospora (syn. Serendipita) indica (Basidiomycota), which together form a tripartite Sebacinalean symbiosis with a broad range of plants. R. radiobacter strain F4 (RrF4), isolated from P. indica DSM 11827, induces growth promotion and systemic resistance in cereal crops, including barley and wheat, suggesting that R. radiobacter contributes to a successful symbiosis. Here, we studied the impact of endobacteria on the morphology and the beneficial activity of P. indica during interactions with plants. Low numbers of endobacteria were detected in the axenically grown P. indica (long term lab-cultured, lcPiri) whereas mycelia colonizing the plant root contained increased numbers of bacteria. Higher numbers of endobacteria were also found in axenic cultures of P. indica that was freshly re-isolated (riPiri) from plant roots, though numbers dropped during repeated axenic re-cultivation. Prolonged treatments of P. indica cultures with various antibiotics could not completely eliminate the bacterium, though the number of detectable endobacteria decreased significantly, resulting in partial-cured P. indica (pcPiri). pcPiri showed reduced growth in axenic cultures and poor sporulation. Consistent with this, pcPiri also showed reduced plant growth promotion and reduced systemic resistanc e against powdery mildew infection as compared with riPiri and lcPiri. These results are consistent with the assumption that the endobacterium R. radiobacter improves P. indica's fitness and thus contributes to the success of the tripartite Sebacinalean symbiosis.
28450855	4	13	Abundance	T080	C2346714
28450855	17	37	Endofungal Bacterium	T007	C0004611
28450855	38	59	Rhizobium radiobacter	T007	C0085472
28450855	66	91	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	T007	C0085472
28450855	93	102	Increases	T169	C0442805
28450855	110	116	Fungal	T169	C0521033
28450855	117	121	Host	T001	C1167395
28450855	122	143	Piriformospora indica	T004	C1025512
28450855	166	178	Sebacinalean	T004	C1665458
28450855	179	188	Symbiosis	T070	C0039029
28450855	194	207	Higher Plants	T002	C1562025
28450855	208	229	Rhizobium radiobacter	T007	C0085472
28450855	236	261	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	T007	C0085472
28450855	270	290	Agrobacterium fabrum	T007	C3560206
28450855	300	320	endofungal bacterium	T007	C0004611
28450855	328	334	fungal	T169	C0521033
28450855	335	344	mutualist	T070	C0599514
28450855	345	359	Piriformospora	T004	C1025512
28450855	366	377	Serendipita	T004	C1916017
28450855	379	385	indica	T004	C1025512
28450855	387	400	Basidiomycota	T004	C0004810
28450855	436	448	Sebacinalean	T004	C1665458
28450855	449	458	symbiosis	T070	C0039029
28450855	481	487	plants	T002	C0032098
28450855	489	503	R. radiobacter	T007	C0085472
28450855	504	513	strain F4	T001	C1518614
28450855	515	519	RrF4	T001	C1518614
28450855	536	555	P. indica DSM 11827	T004	C1025512
28450855	557	564	induces	T169	C0205263
28450855	565	571	growth	T040	C0018270
28450855	572	581	promotion	T052	C0033414
28450855	586	605	systemic resistance	T043	C1155264
28450855	609	615	cereal	T168	C0007757
28450855	616	621	crops	T002	C0242775
28450855	633	639	barley	T002	C0004755
28450855	644	649	wheat	T002	C0087114
28450855	667	681	R. radiobacter	T007	C0085472
28450855	710	719	symbiosis	T070	C0039029
28450855	742	748	impact	T080	C4049986
28450855	752	764	endobacteria	T007	C0004611
28450855	772	782	morphology	T080	C0332437
28450855	814	823	P. indica	T004	C1025512
28450855	831	843	interactions	T169	C1704675
28450855	849	855	plants	T002	C0032098
28450855	872	884	endobacteria	T007	C0004611
28450855	890	898	detected	T033	C0442726
28450855	906	922	axenically grown	T059	C0598869
28450855	923	932	P. indica	T004	C1025512
28450855	934	943	long term	T079	C0443252
28450855	944	956	lab-cultured	T059	C0430400
28450855	958	964	lcPiri	T004	C1025512
28450855	974	981	mycelia	T004	C0949695
28450855	982	992	colonizing	T033	C4289767
28450855	997	1007	plant root	T002	C0242726
28450855	1018	1027	increased	T081	C0205217
28450855	1039	1047	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28450855	1067	1079	endobacteria	T007	C0004611
28450855	1099	1114	axenic cultures	T059	C0598869
28450855	1118	1127	P. indica	T004	C1025512
28450855	1145	1156	re-isolated	T169	C0205409
28450855	1158	1164	riPiri	T004	C1025512
28450855	1171	1182	plant roots	T002	C0242726
28450855	1223	1244	axenic re-cultivation	T059	C0598869
28450855	1246	1255	Prolonged	T079	C0439590
28450855	1256	1266	treatments	T061	C0087111
28450855	1270	1279	P. indica	T004	C1025512
28450855	1280	1288	cultures	T059	C0200954
28450855	1302	1313	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28450855	1349	1358	bacterium	T007	C0004611
28450855	1381	1391	detectable	T201	C3830527
28450855	1392	1404	endobacteria	T007	C0004611
28450855	1405	1414	decreased	T081	C0205216
28450855	1415	1428	significantly	T078	C0750502
28450855	1443	1456	partial-cured	T033	C0243095
28450855	1457	1466	P. indica	T004	C1025512
28450855	1468	1474	pcPiri	T004	C1025512
28450855	1477	1483	pcPiri	T004	C1025512
28450855	1491	1498	reduced	T080	C0392756
28450855	1499	1505	growth	T040	C0018270
28450855	1509	1524	axenic cultures	T059	C0598869
28450855	1529	1533	poor	T080	C0542537
28450855	1534	1545	sporulation	T043	C2613267
28450855	1547	1562	Consistent with	T078	C0332290
28450855	1569	1575	pcPiri	T004	C1025512
28450855	1588	1595	reduced	T080	C0392756
28450855	1596	1608	plant growth	T040	C0597252
28450855	1609	1618	promotion	T052	C0033414
28450855	1623	1630	reduced	T080	C0392756
28450855	1631	1649	systemic resistanc	T043	C1155264
28450855	1660	1674	powdery mildew	T004	C0319635
28450855	1675	1684	infection	T046	C3714514
28450855	1702	1708	riPiri	T004	C1025512
28450855	1713	1719	lcPiri	T004	C1025512
28450855	1727	1734	results	T169	C1274040
28450855	1739	1754	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28450855	1779	1792	endobacterium	T007	C0004611
28450855	1793	1807	R. radiobacter	T007	C0085472
28450855	1808	1816	improves	T033	C0184511
28450855	1817	1828	P. indica's	T004	C1025512
28450855	1829	1836	fitness	T032	C4305181
28450855	1891	1903	Sebacinalean	T004	C1665458
28450855	1904	1913	symbiosis	T070	C0039029

28451250|t|Engineering monolayer poration for rapid exfoliation of microbial membranes
28451250|a|The spread of bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics continues to stimulate the search for alternative antimicrobial strategies. All forms of life, from bacteria to humans, are postulated to rely on a fundamental host defense mechanism, which exploits the formation of open pores in microbial phospholipid bilayers. Here we predict that transmembrane poration is not necessary for antimicrobial activity and reveal a distinct poration mechanism that targets the outer leaflet of phospholipid bilayers. Using a combination of molecular - scale and real-time imaging, spectroscopy and spectrometry approaches, we introduce a structural motif with a universal insertion mode in reconstituted membranes and live bacteria. We demonstrate that this motif rapidly assembles into monolayer pits that coalesce during progressive membrane exfoliation, leading to bacterial cell death within minutes. The findings offer a new physical basis for designing effective antibiotics.
28451250	0	11	Engineering	T091	C0005539
28451250	12	21	monolayer	T200	C0872351
28451250	22	30	poration	T026	C1325742
28451250	35	40	rapid	T080	C0456962
28451250	41	52	exfoliation	T033	C2010779
28451250	56	65	microbial	T001	C0599840
28451250	66	75	membranes	T026	C0596901
28451250	80	86	spread	T080	C0332261
28451250	90	110	bacterial resistance	T046	C0151521
28451250	114	125	traditional	T091	C0025131
28451250	126	137	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28451250	138	147	continues	T078	C0549178
28451250	151	160	stimulate	T070	C1948023
28451250	165	171	search	T052	C1706202
28451250	176	187	alternative	T077	C1523987
28451250	188	201	antimicrobial	T043	C1516022
28451250	202	212	strategies	T041	C0679199
28451250	218	223	forms	T080	C0348078
28451250	227	231	life	T078	C0376558
28451250	238	246	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28451250	250	256	humans	T016	C0086418
28451250	262	272	postulated	T078	C1705535
28451250	276	280	rely	T080	C1701901
28451250	286	297	fundamental	UnknownType	C0678989
28451250	298	320	host defense mechanism	T042	C0520990
28451250	328	336	exploits	T078	C1546940
28451250	341	350	formation	T169	C1522492
28451250	354	358	open	T082	C0175566
28451250	359	364	pores	T026	C1325742
28451250	368	377	microbial	T001	C0599840
28451250	378	399	phospholipid bilayers	T026	C0023768
28451250	409	416	predict	T078	C0681842
28451250	422	435	transmembrane	T026	C1167322
28451250	436	444	poration	T026	C1325742
28451250	466	488	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
28451250	493	499	reveal	T080	C0443289
28451250	502	510	distinct	T080	C2963144
28451250	511	519	poration	T082	C1881977
28451250	520	529	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28451250	535	542	targets	T169	C1521840
28451250	553	585	leaflet of phospholipid bilayers	T024	C3821065
28451250	595	606	combination	T080	C0205195
28451250	610	619	molecular	T080	C1521991
28451250	622	627	scale	T077	C1522412
28451250	632	649	real-time imaging	T060	C1135565
28451250	651	663	spectroscopy	T059	C0037812
28451250	668	680	spectrometry	T059	C0436196
28451250	681	691	approaches	T057	C0039152
28451250	696	705	introduce	T169	C1292748
28451250	708	718	structural	T082	C0678594
28451250	719	724	motif	T082	C0449774
28451250	732	741	universal	T080	C0175671
28451250	742	751	insertion	T169	C1883719
28451250	752	756	mode	T169	C1513371
28451250	760	783	reconstituted membranes	T075	C0920581
28451250	788	792	live	T080	C1548795
28451250	793	801	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28451250	806	817	demonstrate	T080	C0443289
28451250	828	833	motif	T082	C0449774
28451250	834	841	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28451250	842	851	assembles	T052	C1706853
28451250	857	866	monolayer	T200	C0872351
28451250	867	871	pits	T026	C1325742
28451250	877	885	coalesce	T080	C0205195
28451250	893	904	progressive	T169	C0205329
28451250	905	913	membrane	T026	C0596901
28451250	914	925	exfoliation	T033	C2010779
28451250	938	952	bacterial cell	T007	C0563199
28451250	953	958	death	T033	C1306577
28451250	966	973	minutes	T079	C0439232
28451250	979	987	findings	T033	C0243095
28451250	1000	1008	physical	T169	C0205485
28451250	1009	1014	basis	T169	C1527178
28451250	1019	1028	designing	T090	C0013171
28451250	1029	1038	effective	T080	C1704419
28451250	1039	1050	antibiotics	T195	C0003232

28451395|t|Association of COL4A3 (rs55703767), MMP-9 (rs17576) and TIMP-1 (rs6609533) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to type 2 diabetes
28451395|a|Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is defined by high levels of glucose in the blood. The collagen IV level is associated with conditions of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Collagen type IV α3 chain (COL4A3) is a structural protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) is an enzyme that degrades the extracellular matrix and its activity is moderated by TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (TIMP-1). The aim of the current study was to examine the association between genetic polymorphisms of COL4A3 (rs55703767), MMP-9 (rs17576) and TIMP-1 (rs6609533) in patients with T2D. This case-control study was performed on 120 Iranian patients with T2D and 120 healthy individuals. Genotypes were analyzed using the amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction technique. The findings demonstrated significant differences between genotypic and allelic distributions of COL4A3 (G / T) and MMP-9 (A / G) polymorphisms as follows: COL4A3 (G / T); TT vs. GG, odds ratio (OR)=0.235, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.063-0.0802 (P=0.013) and T vs. G, OR =0.592, 95% CI =0.371-0.943 (P=0.026); MMP-9 (A / G); A G vs. GG, OR =2.429, 95% CI =1.232-4.820 (P=0.008) and A vs. G, OR =2.176, 95% CI =1.155-4.130 (P=0.013). No significant association was identified between TIMP-1 (A / G) polymorphism and T2D in females and males. Thus, the genotypic and allelic distributions of COL4A3 (G / T) and MMP-9 (A / G) polymorphisms were associated with T2D. In addition, no significant association was identified in the genotypic distribution of the TIMP-1 (A / G) gene in females and in males. Further studies in other ethnic groups are required to confirm these findings.
28451395	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28451395	15	34	COL4A3 (rs55703767)	T028	C1332774
28451395	36	51	MMP-9 (rs17576)	T028	C1334523
28451395	56	74	TIMP-1 (rs6609533)	T028	C1367459
28451395	75	93	gene polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28451395	99	113	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28451395	117	132	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28451395	133	148	Type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28451395	150	153	T2D	T047	C0011860
28451395	174	191	levels of glucose	T034	C0428548
28451395	199	204	blood	T031	C0005767
28451395	210	221	collagen IV	T116,T123	C0009333
28451395	222	227	level	T080	C0441889
28451395	231	246	associated with	T080	C0332281
28451395	247	257	conditions	T080	C0348080
28451395	261	274	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
28451395	279	297	insulin resistance	T046	C0021655
28451395	299	333	Collagen type IV α3 chain (COL4A3)	T116,T129	C1314894
28451395	339	357	structural protein	T116,T123	C0582263
28451395	365	385	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
28451395	387	390	ECM	T024	C0015350
28451395	393	418	Matrix metallopeptidase 9	T116,T126	C0165519
28451395	420	425	MMP-9	T116,T126	C0165519
28451395	433	439	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28451395	445	453	degrades	T169	C0243125
28451395	458	478	extracellular matrix	T024	C0015350
28451395	487	495	activity	T044	C0243102
28451395	512	545	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	T116,T123	C0145947
28451395	547	553	TIMP-1	T116,T123	C0145947
28451395	604	615	association	T080	C0439849
28451395	624	645	genetic polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
28451395	649	668	COL4A3 (rs55703767)	T028	C1332774
28451395	670	685	MMP-9 (rs17576)	T028	C1334523
28451395	690	708	TIMP-1 (rs6609533)	T028	C1367459
28451395	712	720	patients	T101	C0030705
28451395	726	729	T2D	T047	C0011860
28451395	736	754	case-control study	T062	C0007328
28451395	776	783	Iranian	T098	C1553355
28451395	784	792	patients	T101	C0030705
28451395	798	801	T2D	T047	C0011860
28451395	810	829	healthy individuals	T098	C0237401
28451395	831	840	Genotypes	T032	C0017431
28451395	846	941	analyzed using the amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction technique	T059	C2732542
28451395	947	955	findings	T169	C2607943
28451395	981	992	differences	T080	C1705242
28451395	1001	1010	genotypic	T032	C0017431
28451395	1015	1022	allelic	T028	C0002085
28451395	1023	1036	distributions	T169	C1704711
28451395	1040	1046	COL4A3	T028	C1332774
28451395	1048	1049	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1052	1053	T	T114,T123	C0040087
28451395	1059	1064	MMP-9	T028	C1334523
28451395	1066	1067	A	T114,T123	C0001407
28451395	1070	1071	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1073	1086	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28451395	1099	1105	COL4A3	T028	C1332774
28451395	1107	1108	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1111	1112	T	T114,T123	C0040087
28451395	1115	1117	TT	T114,T123	C0040087
28451395	1122	1124	GG	T114	C0018321
28451395	1126	1136	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28451395	1138	1140	OR	T081	C0028873
28451395	1153	1172	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28451395	1174	1176	CI	T081	C0009667
28451395	1205	1206	T	T114,T123	C0040087
28451395	1211	1212	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1214	1216	OR	T081	C0028873
28451395	1229	1231	CI	T081	C0009667
28451395	1256	1261	MMP-9	T028	C1334523
28451395	1263	1264	A	T114,T123	C0001407
28451395	1267	1268	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1271	1272	A	T114,T123	C0001407
28451395	1273	1274	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1279	1281	GG	T114	C0018321
28451395	1283	1285	OR	T081	C0028873
28451395	1298	1300	CI	T081	C0009667
28451395	1328	1329	A	T114,T123	C0001407
28451395	1334	1335	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1337	1339	OR	T081	C0028873
28451395	1352	1354	CI	T081	C0009667
28451395	1379	1393	No significant	T033	C3694175
28451395	1394	1405	association	T080	C0439849
28451395	1410	1420	identified	T080	C0205396
28451395	1429	1435	TIMP-1	T028	C1367459
28451395	1437	1438	A	T114,T123	C0001407
28451395	1441	1442	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1444	1456	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28451395	1461	1464	T2D	T047	C0011860
28451395	1468	1475	females	T098	C0043210
28451395	1480	1485	males	T098	C0025266
28451395	1497	1506	genotypic	T032	C0017431
28451395	1511	1518	allelic	T028	C0002085
28451395	1519	1532	distributions	T169	C1704711
28451395	1536	1542	COL4A3	T028	C1332774
28451395	1544	1545	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1548	1549	T	T114,T123	C0040087
28451395	1555	1560	MMP-9	T028	C1334523
28451395	1562	1563	A	T114,T123	C0001407
28451395	1566	1567	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1569	1582	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28451395	1588	1603	associated with	T080	C0332281
28451395	1604	1607	T2D	T047	C0011860
28451395	1622	1636	no significant	T033	C3694175
28451395	1637	1648	association	T080	C0439849
28451395	1653	1663	identified	T080	C0205396
28451395	1671	1680	genotypic	T032	C0017431
28451395	1681	1693	distribution	T169	C1704711
28451395	1701	1707	TIMP-1	T028	C1367459
28451395	1709	1710	A	T114,T123	C0001407
28451395	1713	1714	G	T114	C0018321
28451395	1716	1720	gene	T028	C0017337
28451395	1724	1731	females	T098	C0043210
28451395	1739	1744	males	T098	C0025266
28451395	1771	1784	ethnic groups	T098	C0015031
28451395	1815	1823	findings	T169	C2607943

28451446|t|Stem cell registry programme for patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: what benefits does it derive?
28451446|a|Standardization of stem cell therapy requires application of appropriate methods to evaluate safety and efficac y, including long-term pharmacovigilance. To accomplish this objective, a long-term registry programme was installed. We analysed 150 patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy, who received intramyocardial CD133+ bone marrow mononuclear stem cell treatment combined with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or CABG alone. The mortality rate, major adverse cerebral and cardiac events, and functional outcome parameters were evaluated for the time period up to 14 years follow-up. As a result, we have stratified the patient population (96 patients) into responders and non-responders. Furthermore, the analysis of relevant predictors of good response to CD133+ bone marrow mononuclear stem cell treatment was performed. Several positive tendencies related to stem cells transplantation were demonstrated. First, no significant difference in major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events was observed between stem cell and control group up to 14 years follow-up. Second, an improvement of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) in stem cell group retained for 5 years in contrast with CABG - only group, where no significant changes in LVEF after 2 years were observed. In addition, LVEF under 30% and left ventricle end diastolic diameter above 60 mm were independent predictors of functional response to CD133+ cell therapy. Participants with overt heart failure benefit most from CABG combined with intramyocardial injection of CD133+ bone marrow mononuclear cell within the group. An improvement LVEF in stem cell group remained for 5 years in contrast with the CABG - only group. The patients, in whom the improvement of both LVEF and LVED was observed, have benefited by increased life expectancy.
28451446	0	9	Stem cell	T025	C0038250
28451446	10	18	registry	T170	C0920695
28451446	19	28	programme	T169	C3484370
28451446	33	41	patients	T101	C0030705
28451446	47	70	ischemic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0349782
28451446	82	113	coronary artery bypass grafting	T061	C0010055
28451446	120	128	benefits	T081	C0814225
28451446	145	160	Standardization	T062	C0038136
28451446	164	181	stem cell therapy	T061	C0872278
28451446	218	225	methods	T062	C2911685
28451446	229	237	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28451446	238	256	safety and efficac	T058	C0511730
28451446	270	279	long-term	T079	C0443252
28451446	280	297	pharmacovigilance	T062	C3178990
28451446	318	327	objective	T170	C0018017
28451446	331	340	long-term	T079	C0443252
28451446	341	359	registry programme	T073,T170	C0037585
28451446	391	399	patients	T101	C0030705
28451446	405	428	ischemic cardiomyopathy	T047	C0349782
28451446	434	442	received	T080	C1514756
28451446	443	458	intramyocardial	T024	C0027061
28451446	459	499	CD133+ bone marrow mononuclear stem cell	T025	C1511246
28451446	500	509	treatment	T061	C0087111
28451446	510	518	combined	T080	C0205195
28451446	524	555	coronary artery bypass grafting	T061	C0010055
28451446	557	561	CABG	T061	C0010055
28451446	566	570	CABG	T061	C0010055
28451446	571	576	alone	T081	C0205171
28451446	582	596	mortality rate	T081	C0026565
28451446	598	603	major	T080	C0205164
28451446	604	620	adverse cerebral	T033	C0243095
28451446	625	639	cardiac events	T033	C1556247
28451446	680	689	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28451446	698	709	time period	T079	C1948053
28451446	725	734	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28451446	757	767	stratified	T080	C0205363
28451446	772	779	patient	T101	C0030705
28451446	780	790	population	T098	C1257890
28451446	795	803	patients	T101	C0030705
28451446	810	820	responders	T033	C0919876
28451446	825	839	non-responders	T033	C0919875
28451446	858	866	analysis	T062	C0936012
28451446	870	878	relevant	T080	C2347946
28451446	879	889	predictors	T078	C2698872
28451446	893	906	good response	T033	C0184785
28451446	910	950	CD133+ bone marrow mononuclear stem cell	T025	C1511246
28451446	951	960	treatment	T061	C0087111
28451446	965	974	performed	T169	C0884358
28451446	976	983	Several	T081	C0443302
28451446	1015	1041	stem cells transplantation	T061	C1504389
28451446	1068	1082	no significant	T033	C0243095
28451446	1083	1093	difference	T080	C1705242
28451446	1097	1102	major	T080	C0205164
28451446	1103	1125	adverse cardiovascular	T033	C0243095
28451446	1130	1145	cerebral events	T033	C0243095
28451446	1150	1158	observed	T169	C1441672
28451446	1167	1176	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28451446	1181	1194	control group	T096	C0009932
28451446	1210	1219	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28451446	1232	1243	improvement	T077	C2986411
28451446	1247	1279	left ventricle ejection fraction	T201	C0428772
28451446	1281	1285	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28451446	1290	1299	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28451446	1300	1305	group	T078	C0441833
28451446	1306	1314	retained	T169	C0333118
28451446	1330	1338	contrast	T080	C1979874
28451446	1344	1348	CABG	T061	C0010055
28451446	1351	1355	only	T081	C0205171
28451446	1356	1361	group	T078	C0441833
28451446	1395	1399	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28451446	1442	1446	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28451446	1461	1498	left ventricle end diastolic diameter	T060	C0919652
28451446	1528	1538	predictors	T078	C2698872
28451446	1542	1552	functional	T169	C0205245
28451446	1565	1576	CD133+ cell	T025	C0007634
28451446	1577	1584	therapy	T061	C0302189
28451446	1586	1598	Participants	T098	C0679646
28451446	1604	1623	overt heart failure	T047	C0018801
28451446	1624	1631	benefit	T081	C0814225
28451446	1632	1636	most	T081	C0205393
28451446	1642	1646	CABG	T061	C0010055
28451446	1647	1655	combined	T080	C0205195
28451446	1661	1676	intramyocardial	T024	C0027061
28451446	1677	1686	injection	T061	C1533685
28451446	1690	1725	CD133+ bone marrow mononuclear cell	T025	C1511246
28451446	1737	1742	group	T078	C0441833
28451446	1747	1758	improvement	T077	C2986411
28451446	1759	1763	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28451446	1767	1776	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28451446	1777	1782	group	T078	C0441833
28451446	1807	1815	contrast	T080	C1979874
28451446	1825	1829	CABG	T061	C0010055
28451446	1832	1836	only	T081	C0205171
28451446	1837	1842	group	T078	C0441833
28451446	1848	1856	patients	T101	C0030705
28451446	1870	1881	improvement	T077	C2986411
28451446	1890	1894	LVEF	T201	C0428772
28451446	1899	1903	LVED	T060	C0919652
28451446	1908	1916	observed	T169	C1441672
28451446	1936	1945	increased	T081	C0205217
28451446	1946	1961	life expectancy	T102	C0023671

28451474|t|Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
28451474|a|Thymic carcinoid tumors are very rare. Between two and four percent of carcinoids originate from the thymus with an estimated incidence of 1.5 to 3 per 10,000,000 persons per year. Thymic carcinoids can be associated with the multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1. The principal treatment is surgical resection. The potential roles of systemic and radiation treatments are a matter of debate. We describe the successful multidisciplinary treatment of a case of thymic carcinoid associated with MEN and review the literature pertaining to the use of adjuvant thoracic radiation.
28451474	0	21	Adjuvant Radiotherapy	T061	C0242939
28451474	26	54	Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumors	T191	C2210965
28451474	58	69	Case Report	T170	C0007320
28451474	74	98	Review of the Literature	T170	C0282441
28451474	99	122	Thymic carcinoid tumors	T191	C2210965
28451474	132	136	rare	T080	C0522498
28451474	170	180	carcinoids	T191	C0007095
28451474	181	190	originate	T079	C0439659
28451474	200	206	thymus	T023	C0040113
28451474	215	224	estimated	T081	C0750572
28451474	225	234	incidence	T081	C0021149
28451474	262	269	persons	T098	C0027361
28451474	270	278	per year	T079	C0439508
28451474	280	297	Thymic carcinoids	T191	C1336746
28451474	305	320	associated with	T080	C0332281
28451474	325	366	multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1	T191	C0025267
28451474	372	381	principal	T080	C0205225
28451474	382	391	treatment	T169	C1522326
28451474	395	413	surgical resection	T061	C0728940
28451474	419	428	potential	T080	C3245505
28451474	438	446	systemic	T169	C0205373
28451474	451	471	radiation treatments	T061	C3871222
28451474	512	522	successful	T080	C1272703
28451474	523	550	multidisciplinary treatment	T061	C0870721
28451474	556	560	case	T077	C1706256
28451474	564	580	thymic carcinoid	T191	C2210965
28451474	581	596	associated with	T080	C0332281
28451474	597	600	MEN	T191	C0027662
28451474	605	626	review the literature	T170	C0282441
28451474	652	679	adjuvant thoracic radiation	T061	C0242939

28451494|t|C5 Palsy After Cervical Spine Surgery: A Multicenter Retrospective Review of 59 Cases
28451494|a|A multicenter, retrospective review of C5 palsy after cervical spine surgery. Postoperative C5 palsy is a known complication of cervical decompressive spinal surgery. The goal of this study was to review the incidence, patient characteristics, and outcome of C5 palsy in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective review of 13 946 patients across 21 centers who received cervical spine surgery (levels C2 to C7) between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, inclusive. P values were calculated using 2-sample t test for continuous variables and χ(2) tests or Fisher exact tests for categorical variables. Of the 13 946 cases reviewed, 59 patients experienced a postoperative C5 palsy. The incidence rate across the 21 sites ranged from 0% to 2.5%. At most recent follow-up, 32 patients reported complete resolution of symptoms (54.2%), 15 had symptoms resolve with residual effects (25.4%), 10 patients did not recover (17.0%), and 2 were lost to follow-up (3.4%). C5 palsy occurred in all surgical approaches and across a variety of diagnoses. The majority of patients had full recovery or recovery with residual effects. This study represents the largest series of North American patients reviewed to date.
28451494	0	8	C5 Palsy	T047	C4285911
28451494	15	37	Cervical Spine Surgery	T061	C0742216
28451494	41	52	Multicenter	T062	C1096776
28451494	53	73	Retrospective Review	T062	C0035363
28451494	80	85	Cases	T169	C0868928
28451494	88	99	multicenter	T062	C1096776
28451494	101	121	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
28451494	125	133	C5 palsy	T047	C4285911
28451494	140	162	cervical spine surgery	T061	C0742216
28451494	164	177	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
28451494	178	186	C5 palsy	T047	C4285911
28451494	198	210	complication	T046	C0009566
28451494	214	251	cervical decompressive spinal surgery	T061	C0742216
28451494	270	275	study	T062	C2603343
28451494	283	289	review	T169	C0699752
28451494	294	303	incidence	T081	C0021149
28451494	305	328	patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
28451494	334	341	outcome	T169	C1274040
28451494	345	353	C5 palsy	T047	C4285911
28451494	357	365	patients	T101	C0030705
28451494	377	399	cervical spine surgery	T061	C0742216
28451494	416	427	multicenter	T062	C1096776
28451494	429	449	retrospective review	T062	C0035363
28451494	460	468	patients	T101	C0030705
28451494	479	486	centers	T093	C1708333
28451494	500	522	cervical spine surgery	T061	C0742216
28451494	524	539	levels C2 to C7	T080	C0441889
28451494	600	608	P values	T081	C1709380
28451494	614	624	calculated	T052	C1441506
28451494	631	646	2-sample t test	T170	C0871472
28451494	651	671	continuous variables	T081	C3242610
28451494	676	686	χ(2) tests	T170	C0008041
28451494	690	708	Fisher exact tests	T170	C1708064
28451494	713	734	categorical variables	T080	C0439828
28451494	750	755	cases	T169	C0868928
28451494	756	764	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28451494	769	777	patients	T101	C0030705
28451494	778	789	experienced	T041	C0596545
28451494	792	805	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28451494	806	814	C5 palsy	T047	C4285911
28451494	820	829	incidence	T081	C0021149
28451494	830	834	rate	T081	C1521828
28451494	849	854	sites	T082	C0205145
28451494	855	861	ranged	T081	C1514721
28451494	894	903	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28451494	908	916	patients	T101	C0030705
28451494	917	925	reported	T058	C0700287
28451494	926	934	complete	T080	C0205197
28451494	935	945	resolution	T077	C2699488
28451494	949	957	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28451494	974	982	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28451494	996	1004	residual	T080	C1609982
28451494	1005	1012	effects	T080	C1280500
28451494	1025	1033	patients	T101	C0030705
28451494	1078	1087	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28451494	1096	1104	C5 palsy	T047	C4285911
28451494	1121	1140	surgical approaches	T169	C0449446
28451494	1165	1174	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28451494	1192	1200	patients	T101	C0030705
28451494	1205	1209	full	T080	C0205197
28451494	1210	1218	recovery	T040	C2004454
28451494	1222	1230	recovery	T040	C2004454
28451494	1236	1244	residual	T080	C1609982
28451494	1245	1252	effects	T080	C1280500
28451494	1259	1264	study	T062	C2603343
28451494	1288	1294	series	T081	C0205549
28451494	1298	1312	North American	T083	C0028405
28451494	1313	1321	patients	T101	C0030705
28451494	1322	1330	reviewed	T080	C1709940

28451941|t|Peer Exclusion During the Pubertal Transition: The Role of Social Competence
28451941|a|For some youth, early puberty is accompanied by peer exclusion. Yet early developers may experience less peer exclusion if they have social competence, which would bolster their ability to develop and maintain positive relationships with their peers. Accordingly, the present study tests whether pubertal timing and tempo predicts decrements in children's social competence and whether decrements in social competence account for associations between puberty (timing and tempo) and peer exclusion over time. Longitudinal data were drawn from 1364 families (48% female; 76% White; M = 9.32 years, SD = .48, at Wave 3) who participated in Waves 3-5 (i.e., grades 4-6) of Phase III of the NICHD - SECCYD. The results from latent growth curve models indicated that earlier pubertal timing and more rapid pubertal tempo among girls were associated with high initial levels of peer exclusion. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that early developers' susceptibility to peer exclusion was associated with their initial level of social competence. In boys, pubertal timing and tempo were not directly associated with peer exclusion; instead, indirect effects of pubertal timing on peer exclusion (intercept, slope) occurred through initial levels of social competence. On average, early developers' who had low levels of social competence also had high initial levels of peer exclusion but experienced decrements in peer exclusion over time. The association between the intercepts for puberty and peer exclusion and the slopes for social competence and peer exclusion were stronger for boys than girls. Overall, our findings suggest that early developers' susceptibility to and experiences of peer exclusion are associated with their development of social competence.
28451941	0	4	Peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	5	14	Exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	26	34	Pubertal	T033	C1627769
28451941	35	45	Transition	T052	C2700061
28451941	59	76	Social Competence	T054	C0683256
28451941	86	91	youth	T100	C0087178
28451941	93	106	early puberty	T047	C0034013
28451941	125	129	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	130	139	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	145	150	early	T079	C1279919
28451941	151	161	developers	T098	C1257890
28451941	166	176	experience	T041	C0596545
28451941	182	186	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	187	196	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	210	227	social competence	T054	C0683256
28451941	241	248	bolster	T169	C1511253
28451941	266	273	develop	T169	C1527148
28451941	278	286	maintain	T052	C0024501
28451941	287	295	positive	T033	C1446409
28451941	296	309	relationships	T080	C0439849
28451941	321	326	peers	T098	C0679739
28451941	345	352	present	T033	C0150312
28451941	353	358	study	T062	C2603343
28451941	373	381	pubertal	T033	C1627769
28451941	382	388	timing	T079	C0449243
28451941	393	398	tempo	T079	C0876945
28451941	399	407	predicts	T078	C0681842
28451941	408	418	decrements	T080	C0392756
28451941	422	432	children's	T100	C0008059
28451941	433	450	social competence	T054	C0683256
28451941	463	473	decrements	T080	C0392756
28451941	477	494	social competence	T054	C0683256
28451941	507	519	associations	T080	C0332281
28451941	528	535	puberty	T039	C0034011
28451941	537	543	timing	T079	C0449243
28451941	548	553	tempo	T079	C0876945
28451941	559	563	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	564	573	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	579	583	time	T079	C0040223
28451941	585	597	Longitudinal	T062	C0023981
28451941	598	602	data	T078	C1511726
28451941	624	632	families	T099	C0015576
28451941	638	644	female	T098	C0043210
28451941	650	655	White	T098	C0007457
28451941	666	671	years	T079	C0439234
28451941	698	710	participated	T169	C0679823
28451941	746	755	Phase III	T062	C0282461
28451941	763	768	NICHD	T093	C1513896
28451941	771	777	SECCYD	T062	C0023981
28451941	783	790	results	T169	C1274040
28451941	796	822	latent growth curve models	UnknownType	C0814921
28451941	838	845	earlier	T079	C1279919
28451941	846	854	pubertal	T033	C1627769
28451941	855	861	timing	T079	C0449243
28451941	871	876	rapid	T080	C0456962
28451941	877	885	pubertal	T033	C1627769
28451941	886	891	tempo	T079	C0876945
28451941	898	903	girls	T100	C0870604
28451941	909	924	associated with	T080	C0332281
28451941	925	929	high	T080	C0205250
28451941	930	937	initial	T079	C0205265
28451941	938	944	levels	T080	C0441889
28451941	948	952	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	953	962	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	974	992	mediation analyses	UnknownType	C0814912
28451941	1007	1012	early	T079	C1279919
28451941	1013	1024	developers'	T098	C1257890
28451941	1025	1039	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28451941	1043	1047	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	1048	1057	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	1062	1077	associated with	T080	C0332281
28451941	1084	1091	initial	T079	C0205265
28451941	1092	1097	level	T080	C0441889
28451941	1101	1118	social competence	T054	C0683256
28451941	1123	1127	boys	T100	C0870221
28451941	1129	1137	pubertal	T033	C1627769
28451941	1138	1144	timing	T079	C0449243
28451941	1149	1154	tempo	T079	C0876945
28451941	1173	1188	associated with	T080	C0332281
28451941	1189	1193	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	1194	1203	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	1223	1233	effects of	T080	C1704420
28451941	1234	1242	pubertal	T033	C1627769
28451941	1243	1249	timing	T079	C0449243
28451941	1253	1257	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	1258	1267	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	1269	1278	intercept	T081	C3146232
28451941	1280	1285	slope	T081	C0807955
28451941	1304	1311	initial	T079	C0205265
28451941	1312	1318	levels	T080	C0441889
28451941	1322	1339	social competence	T054	C0683256
28451941	1344	1351	average	T081	C1510992
28451941	1353	1358	early	T079	C1279919
28451941	1359	1370	developers'	T098	C1257890
28451941	1379	1382	low	T080	C0205251
28451941	1383	1389	levels	T080	C0441889
28451941	1393	1410	social competence	T054	C0683256
28451941	1420	1424	high	T080	C0205250
28451941	1425	1432	initial	T079	C0205265
28451941	1433	1439	levels	T080	C0441889
28451941	1443	1447	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	1448	1457	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	1462	1473	experienced	T041	C0596545
28451941	1474	1484	decrements	T080	C0392756
28451941	1488	1492	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	1493	1502	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	1518	1529	association	T080	C0332281
28451941	1542	1552	intercepts	T081	C3146232
28451941	1557	1564	puberty	T039	C0034011
28451941	1569	1573	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	1574	1583	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	1592	1598	slopes	T081	C0807955
28451941	1603	1620	social competence	T054	C0683256
28451941	1625	1629	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	1630	1639	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	1645	1653	stronger	T080	C0442821
28451941	1658	1662	boys	T100	C0870221
28451941	1668	1673	girls	T100	C0870604
28451941	1688	1696	findings	T033	C0243095
28451941	1710	1715	early	T079	C1279919
28451941	1716	1727	developers'	T098	C1257890
28451941	1728	1742	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28451941	1750	1761	experiences	T041	C0596545
28451941	1765	1769	peer	T098	C0679739
28451941	1770	1779	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28451941	1784	1799	associated with	T080	C0332281
28451941	1806	1817	development	T169	C1527148
28451941	1821	1838	social competence	T054	C0683256

28452185|t|Computer-aided Dereplication and Structure Elucidation of Natural Products at the University of Reims
28452185|a|Natural product chemistry began in Reims, France, in a pharmacognosy research laboratory whose main emphasis was the isolation and identification of bioactive molecules, following the guidelines of chemotaxonomy. The structure elucidation of new compounds of steadily increasing complexity favored the emergence of methodological work in nuclear magnetic resonance. As a result, our group was the first to report the use of proton-detected heteronuclear chemical shift correlation spectra for the computer-assisted structure elucidation of small organic molecules driven by atom proximity relationships and without relying on databases. The early detection of known compounds appeared as a necessity in order to deal more efficiently with complex plant extracts. This goal was reached by an original combination of mixture fractionation by centrifugal partition chromatography, analysis by (13) C NMR, digital data reduction and alignment, hierarchical data clustering, and computer database search.
28452185	0	14	Computer-aided	T059	C2362103
28452185	15	28	Dereplication	T033	C1409616
28452185	33	54	Structure Elucidation	T089	C2699868
28452185	58	74	Natural Products	T123	C1566558
28452185	82	101	University of Reims	T073,T092	C0041740
28452185	102	117	Natural product	T123	C1566558
28452185	118	127	chemistry	T090	C0007996
28452185	137	142	Reims	UnknownType	C0681784
28452185	144	150	France	T083	C0016674
28452185	157	170	pharmacognosy	T091	C0031326
28452185	171	190	research laboratory	T062	C0022886
28452185	219	228	isolation	T059	C0220862
28452185	233	247	identification	T059	C0201685
28452185	251	270	bioactive molecules	T167	C3714412
28452185	286	296	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28452185	300	313	chemotaxonomy	T077	C1515221
28452185	319	340	structure elucidation	T089	C2699868
28452185	344	357	new compounds	T103	C1706082
28452185	381	391	complexity	T057	C4046005
28452185	417	436	methodological work	T057	C0025662
28452185	440	466	nuclear magnetic resonance	T070	C0028580
28452185	526	590	proton-detected heteronuclear chemical shift correlation spectra	T059	C0242411
28452185	599	616	computer-assisted	T059	C2362103
28452185	617	638	structure elucidation	T089	C2699868
28452185	642	665	small organic molecules	T109	C1328819
28452185	676	690	atom proximity	T082	C1514583
28452185	691	704	relationships	T080	C0439849
28452185	728	737	databases	T170	C0242356
28452185	749	777	detection of known compounds	T059	C0201685
28452185	841	863	complex plant extracts	T123	C0032081
28452185	917	938	mixture fractionation	T059	C0016640
28452185	942	978	centrifugal partition chromatography	T059	C0598785
28452185	980	1002	analysis by (13) C NMR	T060	C3850003
28452185	1004	1026	digital data reduction	T057	C0010992
28452185	1031	1040	alignment	T081	C1706765
28452185	1042	1070	hierarchical data clustering	T062	C1881045
28452185	1076	1100	computer database search	T170	C0242356

28452427|t|Results of an innovative bulking agent in patients with stress urinary incontinence who are not optimal candidates for mid-urethral sling surgery
28452427|a|To assess the efficacy and safety of peri-urethral bulking injections (PBI) with an innovative bulking material (PDMS-U) in women with stress-urinary incontinence (SUI) who are not optimal candidates for mid-urethral sling surgery. A prospective study was performed in women with SUI who, for several reasons, have a relative contraindication for a mid-urethral sling procedure. These reasons include: (i) recurrent SUI after a prior SUI surgical procedure; (ii) a history of oncologic gynaecological surgery; (iii) a history of neurologic disease resulting in voiding problems; (iv) a maximal flow rate of less than 15 mL per second or; (v) women with a contraindication for surgery with general or regional anaesthesia. All women were treated with PBI consisting of PDMS-U, a bulking agent that polymerizes in situ. The primary outcome was subjective improvement, defined as " a little better " to " very much better " on the PGI-I. Secondary outcomes included objective cure, disease specific quality of life and adverse events. Subjective improvement was reported by 18 (90%) of the 20 included patients. The subjective cure rate was 56% and the objective cure rate was 65%. There was a statistically significant improvement of all domain scores of the UDI-6, IIQ-7, and PISQ-12 at 6 months follow up. Abnormal post voiding residual volume (>150 mL) was the most common adverse event (40%), but persisted in only one patient, based on the patient's preference for a catheter. PBI with PDMS-U is a viable treatment option in women with a relative contra-indication for mid-urethral sling surgery.
28452427	14	38	innovative bulking agent	T122	C0005479
28452427	42	50	patients	T101	C0030705
28452427	56	83	stress urinary incontinence	T047	C0042025
28452427	119	145	mid-urethral sling surgery	T061	C0543467
28452427	183	215	peri-urethral bulking injections	T061	C1735321
28452427	217	220	PBI	T061	C1735321
28452427	230	257	innovative bulking material	T122	C0005479
28452427	259	265	PDMS-U	T122	C0005479
28452427	270	275	women	T098	C0043210
28452427	281	308	stress-urinary incontinence	T047	C0042025
28452427	310	313	SUI	T047	C0042025
28452427	350	376	mid-urethral sling surgery	T061	C0543467
28452427	415	420	women	T098	C0043210
28452427	426	429	SUI	T047	C0042025
28452427	472	488	contraindication	T033	C1301638
28452427	495	523	mid-urethral sling procedure	T061	C0543467
28452427	562	565	SUI	T047	C0042025
28452427	580	583	SUI	T047	C0042025
28452427	584	602	surgical procedure	T061	C0543467
28452427	611	621	history of	T033	C0332119
28452427	622	654	oncologic gynaecological surgery	T061	C0038902
28452427	664	674	history of	T033	C0332119
28452427	675	693	neurologic disease	T047	C0524851
28452427	707	723	voiding problems	T047	C4053857
28452427	740	749	flow rate	T081	C2826285
28452427	788	793	women	T098	C0043210
28452427	801	817	contraindication	T033	C1301638
28452427	822	829	surgery	T061	C0038913
28452427	835	842	general	T061	C0002915
28452427	846	866	regional anaesthesia	T061	C0002911
28452427	872	877	women	T098	C0043210
28452427	883	895	treated with	T061	C0332293
28452427	896	899	PBI	T061	C1735321
28452427	914	920	PDMS-U	T122	C0005479
28452427	924	937	bulking agent	T122	C0005479
28452427	943	954	polymerizes	T067	C0314672
28452427	955	962	in situ	T082	C0444498
28452427	968	983	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28452427	988	1010	subjective improvement	T077	C2986413
28452427	1025	1040	a little better	T033	C4049139
28452427	1048	1064	very much better	T170	C4086947
28452427	1074	1079	PGI-I	T170	C0282574
28452427	1081	1099	Secondary outcomes	T080	C3274440
28452427	1119	1123	cure	T077	C1880198
28452427	1142	1157	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28452427	1162	1176	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28452427	1178	1200	Subjective improvement	T077	C2986413
28452427	1245	1253	patients	T101	C0030705
28452427	1270	1279	cure rate	T081	C1521828
28452427	1306	1315	cure rate	T081	C1521828
28452427	1403	1408	UDI-6	T170	C0282574
28452427	1410	1415	IIQ-7	T170	C0282574
28452427	1421	1428	PISQ-12	T170	C0282574
28452427	1434	1440	months	T079	C0439231
28452427	1452	1489	Abnormal post voiding residual volume	T033	C0429774
28452427	1520	1533	adverse event	T046	C0877248
28452427	1567	1574	patient	T101	C0030705
28452427	1589	1598	patient's	T101	C0030705
28452427	1616	1624	catheter	T074	C0085590
28452427	1626	1629	PBI	T061	C1735321
28452427	1635	1641	PDMS-U	T122	C0005479
28452427	1654	1663	treatment	T061	C0087111
28452427	1674	1679	women	T098	C0043210
28452427	1696	1713	contra-indication	T033	C1301638
28452427	1718	1744	mid-urethral sling surgery	T061	C0543467

28453826|t|Unplanned readmissions within 30 days after discharge: improving quality through easy prediction
28453826|a|To propose an easy predictive model for the risk of rehospitalization, built from hospital administrative data, in order to prevent repeated admissions and to improve transitional care. Retrospective cohort study. Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (Pisa University Hospital). Patients residing in the territory of the province of Pisa (Tuscany Region) with at least one unplanned hospital admission leading to a medical Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) in the calendar year 2012. We compared two groups of patients: patients coded as 'RA30' (readmitted within 30 days after the previous discharge) and patients coded as 'NRA30' (either admitted only once or readmitted after 30 days since the latest discharge). The effect of age, sex, length of stay, number of diagnoses, normalized number of admissions and presence of diseases on the probability of rehospitalization within 30 days after discharge was evaluated. The significant variables included in the predictive model were: age, odds ratio (OR) = 1.018, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.011-1.026; normalized number of admissions, OR = 1.257, CI = 1.225-1.290; number of diagnoses, OR = 1.306, CI = 1.174-1.452 and presence of cancer diagnosis, OR = 1.479, CI = 1.088-2.011. The model can be easily applied when discharging patients who have been hospitalized after an access to the Emergency Department to predict the risk of rehospitalization within 30 days. The prediction can be used to activate focused hospital-primary care transitional interventions. The model has to be validated first in order to be implemented in clinical practice.
28453826	10	22	readmissions	T058	C0030700
28453826	33	37	days	T079	C0439228
28453826	44	53	discharge	T058	C0030685
28453826	65	72	quality	T080	C0332306
28453826	86	96	prediction	T078	C0681842
28453826	116	132	predictive model	T081,T170	C0026348
28453826	141	166	risk of rehospitalization	T033	C2735448
28453826	179	187	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28453826	188	202	administrative	T169	C1292785
28453826	203	207	data	T078	C1511726
28453826	229	237	repeated	T169	C0205341
28453826	238	248	admissions	T058	C0030673
28453826	264	281	transitional care	T058	C4019071
28453826	283	309	Retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
28453826	311	351	Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana	T073,T093	C0020028
28453826	353	377	Pisa University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28453826	380	388	Patients	T101	C0030705
28453826	389	397	residing	T052	C2982691
28453826	405	414	territory	T083	C2983136
28453826	422	430	province	T083	C1514578
28453826	434	438	Pisa	T083	C0017446
28453826	440	454	Tuscany Region	T083	C0017446
28453826	484	502	hospital admission	T058	C0184666
28453826	524	547	Diagnosis-Related Group	T170	C0011928
28453826	549	552	DRG	T170	C0011928
28453826	561	574	calendar year	T079	C0456586
28453826	584	592	compared	T052	C1707455
28453826	593	603	two groups	T098	C1257890
28453826	607	615	patients	T101	C0030705
28453826	617	625	patients	T101	C0030705
28453826	643	653	readmitted	T058	C0184666
28453826	664	668	days	T079	C0439228
28453826	688	697	discharge	T058	C0030685
28453826	703	711	patients	T101	C0030705
28453826	737	745	admitted	T058	C0184666
28453826	759	769	readmitted	T058	C0184666
28453826	779	783	days	T079	C0439228
28453826	801	810	discharge	T058	C0030685
28453826	817	823	effect	T080	C1280500
28453826	827	830	age	T032	C0001779
28453826	832	835	sex	T032	C1522384
28453826	837	851	length of stay	T079	C0023303
28453826	853	859	number	T081	C0237753
28453826	863	872	diagnoses	T062	C1704656
28453826	885	905	number of admissions	T033	C0574846
28453826	910	918	presence	T033	C0150312
28453826	922	930	diseases	T047	C0012634
28453826	938	949	probability	T081	C0033204
28453826	953	970	rehospitalization	T058	C0019993
28453826	981	985	days	T079	C0439228
28453826	992	1001	discharge	T058	C0030685
28453826	1006	1015	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28453826	1021	1042	significant variables	T081	C0237881
28453826	1059	1075	predictive model	T081,T170	C0026348
28453826	1082	1085	age	T032	C0001779
28453826	1087	1097	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28453826	1099	1101	OR	T081	C0028873
28453826	1116	1135	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28453826	1137	1139	CI	T081	C0009667
28453826	1167	1187	number of admissions	T033	C0574846
28453826	1189	1191	OR	T081	C0028873
28453826	1201	1203	CI	T081	C0009667
28453826	1229	1238	diagnoses	T062	C1704656
28453826	1240	1242	OR	T081	C0028873
28453826	1252	1254	CI	T081	C0009667
28453826	1285	1301	cancer diagnosis	T060	C0920688
28453826	1303	1305	OR	T081	C0028873
28453826	1315	1317	CI	T081	C0009667
28453826	1337	1342	model	T081,T170	C0026348
28453826	1357	1364	applied	T169	C4048755
28453826	1370	1390	discharging patients	T058	C0030685
28453826	1405	1417	hospitalized	T058	C0019993
28453826	1441	1461	Emergency Department	T073,T093	C0562508
28453826	1477	1502	risk of rehospitalization	T033	C2735448
28453826	1513	1517	days	T079	C0439228
28453826	1523	1533	prediction	T078	C0681842
28453826	1549	1557	activate	T052	C1879547
28453826	1566	1587	hospital-primary care	T073,T093	C0337952
28453826	1588	1600	transitional	T058	C4019071
28453826	1601	1614	interventions	T061	C0184661
28453826	1620	1625	model	T081,T170	C0026348
28453826	1682	1699	clinical practice	T057	C0205897

28454015|t|Air pollution characteristics and health risks in Henan Province, China
28454015|a|Events of severe air pollution occurred frequently in China recently, thus understanding of the air pollution characteristics and its health risks is very important. In this work, we analyzed a two-year dataset (March 2014 - February 2016) including daily concentrations of six criteria pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) from 18 cities in Henan province. Results reveal the serious air pollution status in Henan province, especially the northern part, and Zhengzhou is the city with the worst air quality. Annual average PM2.5 concentrations exceed the second grade of Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard (75μg/m(3)) at both 2014 and 2015. PM2.5 is typically the major pollutant, but ozone pollution can be significant during summer. Furthermore, as the commonly used air quality index (AQI) neglects the mutual health effects from multiple pollutants, we introduced the aggregate air quality index (AAQI) and health-risk based air quality index (HAQI) to evaluate the health risks. Results show that based on HAQI, the current AQI system likely significantly underestimate the health risks of air pollution, highlighting that the general public may need stricter health protection measures. The population -weighted two-year average HAQI data further demonstrates that all population in the studied cities in Henan province live with polluted air - 72% of the population is exposed to air that is unhealthy for sensitive people, while 28% of people is exposed to air that can be harmful to healthy people; and the health risks are much greater during winter than during other seasons. Future works should further improve the HAQI algorithm, and validate the links between the clinical / epidemiologic data and the HAQI values.
28454015	0	13	Air pollution	T069	C0001873
28454015	14	29	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28454015	34	46	health risks	T061	C0679809
28454015	50	64	Henan Province	T083	C1514578
28454015	66	71	China	T083	C0008115
28454015	82	88	severe	T080	C0205082
28454015	89	102	air pollution	T069	C0001873
28454015	126	131	China	T083	C0008115
28454015	168	181	air pollution	T069	C0001873
28454015	182	197	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28454015	206	212	health	T078	C0018684
28454015	213	218	risks	T078	C0035647
28454015	275	282	dataset	T170	C0150098
28454015	322	327	daily	T079	C0332173
28454015	328	342	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28454015	359	369	pollutants	T131	C0001869
28454015	371	376	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
28454015	378	382	PM10	T167	C1720884
28454015	384	386	CO	T131,T197	C0007018
28454015	388	391	SO2	T131,T197	C0038777
28454015	393	396	NO2	T131,T197	C0028160
28454015	402	404	O3	T103	C0030106
28454015	424	438	Henan province	T083	C1514578
28454015	467	480	air pollution	T069	C0001873
28454015	481	487	status	T080	C0449438
28454015	491	505	Henan province	T083	C1514578
28454015	522	535	northern part	T082	C1709269
28454015	541	550	Zhengzhou	T083	C0008848
28454015	558	562	city	T083	C0008848
28454015	572	577	worst	T080	C1522166
28454015	578	589	air quality	T080	C2371710
28454015	606	611	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
28454015	612	626	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28454015	654	690	Chinese Ambient Air Quality Standard	T081	C0034925
28454015	726	731	PM2.5	T167	C1720884
28454015	755	764	pollutant	T131	C0599786
28454015	770	775	ozone	T103	C0030106
28454015	776	785	pollution	T069	C0001873
28454015	812	818	summer	T079	C0241301
28454015	854	871	air quality index	T170	C0918012
28454015	873	876	AQI	T170	C0918012
28454015	898	904	health	T078	C0018684
28454015	927	937	pollutants	T131	C0599786
28454015	957	984	aggregate air quality index	T170	C0918012
28454015	986	990	AAQI	T170	C0918012
28454015	996	1031	health-risk based air quality index	T170	C0918012
28454015	1033	1037	HAQI	T170	C0918012
28454015	1042	1067	evaluate the health risks	T061	C0679809
28454015	1096	1100	HAQI	T170	C0918012
28454015	1114	1117	AQI	T170	C0918012
28454015	1164	1170	health	T078	C0018684
28454015	1171	1176	risks	T078	C0035647
28454015	1180	1193	air pollution	T069	C0001873
28454015	1217	1231	general public	T098	C0683971
28454015	1250	1276	health protection measures	T058	C1254363
28454015	1282	1292	population	T081	C0032659
28454015	1320	1324	HAQI	T170	C0918012
28454015	1360	1370	population	T081	C0032659
28454015	1386	1392	cities	T083	C0008848
28454015	1396	1410	Henan province	T083	C1514578
28454015	1421	1433	polluted air	T069	C0001873
28454015	1447	1457	population	T081	C0032659
28454015	1461	1471	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28454015	1472	1475	air	T167	C0001861
28454015	1484	1493	unhealthy	T033	C0243095
28454015	1498	1507	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28454015	1508	1514	people	T098	C0027361
28454015	1529	1535	people	T098	C0027361
28454015	1539	1549	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28454015	1550	1553	air	T167	C0001861
28454015	1577	1584	healthy	T080	C3898900
28454015	1585	1591	people	T098	C0027361
28454015	1601	1607	health	T078	C0018684
28454015	1608	1613	risks	T078	C0035647
28454015	1638	1644	winter	T079	C0241737
28454015	1663	1670	seasons	T079	C0036497
28454015	1712	1716	HAQI	T170	C0918012
28454015	1717	1726	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28454015	1763	1771	clinical	T170	C1516606
28454015	1774	1787	epidemiologic	T169	C0014508
28454015	1788	1792	data	T170	C0150098
28454015	1801	1805	HAQI	T170	C0918012

28454282|t|Gastrointestinal tract cancers: Genetics, heritability and germ line mutations
28454282|a|Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers that arise due to genetic mutations affect a large number of individuals worldwide. Even though many of the GI tract cancers arise sporadically, few of these GI tract cancers harboring a hereditary predisposition are now recognized and well characterized. These include Cowden syndrome, MUTYH-associated polyposis, hereditary pancreatic cancer, Lynch syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), attenuated FAP, serrated polyposis syndrome, and hereditary gastric cancer. Molecular characterization of the genes that are involved in these syndromes was useful in the development of genetic testing for diagnosis and also facilitated understanding of the genetic basis of GI cancers. Current knowledge on the genetics of GI cancers with emphasis on heritability and germ line mutations forms the basis of the present review.
28454282	0	30	Gastrointestinal tract cancers	T191	C0685938
28454282	32	40	Genetics	T169	C0017399
28454282	42	54	heritability	T081	C0392762
28454282	59	78	germ line mutations	T045	C0206530
28454282	79	114	Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers	T191	C0685938
28454282	126	132	due to	T169	C0678226
28454282	133	150	genetic mutations	T045	C0026882
28454282	151	157	affect	T080	C1280500
28454282	160	165	large	T081	C0549177
28454282	166	172	number	T081	C0237753
28454282	176	187	individuals	T098	C0237401
28454282	188	197	worldwide	T082	C0332464
28454282	223	239	GI tract cancers	T191	C0685938
28454282	246	258	sporadically	T033	C3843639
28454282	273	289	GI tract cancers	T191	C0685938
28454282	302	312	hereditary	T169	C0439660
28454282	313	327	predisposition	T032	C0220898
28454282	356	369	characterized	T052	C1880022
28454282	385	400	Cowden syndrome	T191	C0018553
28454282	402	428	MUTYH-associated polyposis	T191	C3272841
28454282	430	458	hereditary pancreatic cancer	T191	C2931038
28454282	460	474	Lynch syndrome	T191	C1333990
28454282	476	498	Peutz-Jeghers syndrome	T047	C0031269
28454282	500	530	familial adenomatous polyposis	T191	C0032580
28454282	532	535	FAP	T191	C0032580
28454282	538	548	attenuated	T080	C0332161
28454282	549	552	FAP	T191	C0032580
28454282	554	581	serrated polyposis syndrome	T191	C4023010
28454282	587	612	hereditary gastric cancer	T191	C1708349
28454282	614	623	Molecular	T080	C1521991
28454282	624	640	characterization	T052	C1880022
28454282	648	653	genes	T028	C0017337
28454282	663	671	involved	T169	C1314939
28454282	681	690	syndromes	T047	C0039082
28454282	695	701	useful	T080	C3827682
28454282	709	720	development	T169	C1527148
28454282	724	739	genetic testing	T059	C0679560
28454282	744	753	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
28454282	775	788	understanding	T041	C0162340
28454282	796	803	genetic	T169	C0314603
28454282	804	809	basis	T169	C1527178
28454282	813	823	GI cancers	T191	C0685938
28454282	825	832	Current	T079	C0521116
28454282	833	842	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28454282	850	858	genetics	T169	C0017399
28454282	862	872	GI cancers	T191	C0685938
28454282	878	886	emphasis	T080	C3898777
28454282	890	902	heritability	T081	C0392762
28454282	907	926	germ line mutations	T045	C0206530
28454282	927	932	forms	T169	C1522492
28454282	937	942	basis	T169	C1527178
28454282	950	957	present	T079	C0521116
28454282	958	964	review	T170	C0282443

28454482|t|Effects of Environmental Factors and Metallic Electrodes on AC Electrical Conduction Through DNA Molecule
28454482|a|Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is one of the best candidate materials for various device applications such as in electrodes for rechargeable batteries, biosensors, molecular electronics, medical - and biomedical - applications etc. Hence, it is worthwhile to examine the mechanism of charge transport in the DNA molecule, however, still a question without a clear answer is DNA a molecular conducting material (wire), semiconductor, or insulator? The answer, after the published data, is still ambiguous without any confirmed and clear scientific answer. DNA is found to be always surrounded with different electric charges, ions, and dipoles. These surrounding charges and electric barrier(s) due to metallic electrodes (as environmental factors (EFs)) play a substantial role when measuring the electrical conductivity through λ-double helix (DNA) molecule suspended between metallic electrodes. We found that strong frequency dependence of AC - complex conductivity comes from the electrical conduction of EFs. This leads to superimposing serious incorrect experimental data to measured ones. At 1 MHz, we carried out a first control experiment on electrical conductivity with and without the presence of DNA molecule. If there are possible electrical conduction due to stray ions and contribution of substrate, we will detected them. This control experiment revealed that there is an important role played by the environmental - charges around DNA molecule and any experiment should consider this role. We have succeeded to measure both electrical conductivity due to EFs (σ ENV) and electrical conductivity due to DNA molecule (σ DNA) independently by carrying the measurements at different DNA - lengths and subtracting the data. We carried out measurements as a function of frequency (f) and temperature (T) in the ranges 0.1 Hz < f < 1 MHz and 288 K < T < 343 K. The measured conductivity (σ MES) portrays a metal -like behavior at high frequencies near 1 MHz. However, we found that σ DNA was far from this behavior because the conduction due to EFs superimposes σ DNA, in particular at low frequencies. By measuring the electrical conductivity at different lengths: 40, 60, 80, and 100 nm, we have succeeded not only to separate the electrical conduction of the DNA molecule from all EFs effects that surround the molecule, but also to present accurate values of σ DNA and the dielectric constant of the molecule ε'DNA as a function of temperature and frequency. Furthermore, in order to explain these data, we present a model describing the electrical conduction through DNA molecule: DNA is a classical semiconductor with charges, dipoles and ions that result in creation of localized energy - states (LESs) in the extended bands and in the energy gap of the DNA molecule. This model explains clearly the mechanism of charge transfer mechanism in the DNA, and it sheds light on why the charge transfer through the DNA can lead to insulating, semiconducting, or metallic behavior on the same time. The model considers charges on DNA, in the extended bands, either could be free to move under electric field or localized in potential wells/hills. Localization of charges in DNA is an intrinsic structural - property of this solitaire molecule. At all temperatures, the expected increase in thermal - induced charge is attributed to the delocalization of holes (or/and electrons) in potential hills (or/and potential wells) which accurately accounts for the total electric and dielectric behavior through DNA molecule. We succeeded to fit the experiment al data to the proposed model with reasonable magnitudes of potential hills/wells that are in the energy range from 0.068 eV.
28454482	0	7	Effects	T080	C1280500
28454482	11	24	Environmental	T082	C0014406
28454482	25	32	Factors	T169	C1521761
28454482	37	45	Metallic	T197	C0025552
28454482	46	56	Electrodes	T074	C0013812
28454482	60	62	AC	T070	C0442830
28454482	63	84	Electrical Conduction	T081	C0013777
28454482	93	105	DNA Molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	106	133	Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	185	191	device	T073	C0699733
28454482	192	204	applications	T169	C4048755
28454482	216	226	electrodes	T074	C0013812
28454482	231	253	rechargeable batteries	T073	C0337088
28454482	255	265	biosensors	T075	C0600364
28454482	267	288	molecular electronics	T074	C0025080
28454482	290	297	medical	T074	C0025080
28454482	304	314	biomedical	T074	C0025080
28454482	317	329	applications	T169	C4048755
28454482	387	403	charge transport	T070	C0563548
28454482	411	423	DNA molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	477	480	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	483	492	molecular	T080	C1521991
28454482	493	503	conducting	T070	C0457405
28454482	504	512	material	T167	C0520510
28454482	514	518	wire	T073	C1705105
28454482	521	534	semiconductor	T073	C0036623
28454482	539	548	insulator	T073	C3273359
28454482	658	661	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	710	726	electric charges	T070	C0563548
28454482	728	732	ions	T196	C0022023
28454482	738	745	dipoles	UnknownType	C0813981
28454482	765	772	charges	T070	C0563548
28454482	777	796	electric barrier(s)	T073	C3273359
28454482	804	812	metallic	T197	C0025552
28454482	813	823	electrodes	T074	C0013812
28454482	828	841	environmental	T082	C0014406
28454482	842	849	factors	T169	C1521761
28454482	851	854	EFs	T169	C1521761
28454482	886	895	measuring	T080	C0444706
28454482	886	895	measuring	T080	C0444706
28454482	900	923	electrical conductivity	T081	C0013777
28454482	932	961	λ-double helix (DNA) molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	980	988	metallic	T197	C0025552
28454482	989	999	electrodes	T074	C0013812
28454482	1015	1021	strong	T080	C0442821
28454482	1022	1031	frequency	T079	C0439603
28454482	1046	1048	AC	T070	C0442830
28454482	1051	1058	complex	T080	C0439855
28454482	1059	1071	conductivity	T081	C0013777
28454482	1087	1108	electrical conduction	T067	C2747877
28454482	1112	1115	EFs	T169	C1521761
28454482	1163	1175	experimental	T062	C0681814
28454482	1184	1192	measured	T080	C0444706
28454482	1240	1250	experiment	T062	C0681814
28454482	1254	1277	electrical conductivity	T081	C0013777
28454482	1311	1323	DNA molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	1347	1368	electrical conduction	T081	C0013777
28454482	1382	1386	ions	T196	C0022023
28454482	1454	1464	experiment	T062	C0681814
28454482	1520	1533	environmental	T082	C0014406
28454482	1536	1543	charges	T070	C0563548
28454482	1551	1563	DNA molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	1572	1582	experiment	T062	C0681814
28454482	1631	1638	measure	T081	C0079809
28454482	1644	1667	electrical conductivity	T081	C0013777
28454482	1675	1678	EFs	T169	C1521761
28454482	1691	1714	electrical conductivity	T081	C0013777
28454482	1722	1734	DNA molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	1736	1741	σ DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	1773	1785	measurements	T169	C0242485
28454482	1799	1802	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	1805	1812	lengths	T081	C1444754
28454482	1854	1866	measurements	T169	C0242485
28454482	1884	1897	frequency (f)	T079	C0376249
28454482	1902	1917	temperature (T)	T081	C0039476
28454482	1978	1986	measured	T080	C0444706
28454482	1987	1999	conductivity	T081	C0013777
28454482	2019	2024	metal	T197	C0025552
28454482	2043	2059	high frequencies	T079	C0205212
28454482	2095	2100	σ DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	2140	2150	conduction	T070	C0457405
28454482	2158	2161	EFs	T169	C1521761
28454482	2175	2180	σ DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	2199	2214	low frequencies	T079	C0205213
28454482	2219	2228	measuring	T080	C0444706
28454482	2233	2256	electrical conductivity	T081	C0013777
28454482	2270	2277	lengths	T081	C1444754
28454482	2346	2367	electrical conduction	T067	C2747877
28454482	2375	2387	DNA molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	2397	2400	EFs	T169	C1521761
28454482	2427	2435	molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	2476	2481	σ DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	2490	2509	dielectric constant	UnknownType	C0813980
28454482	2526	2531	ε'DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	2655	2676	electrical conduction	T067	C2747877
28454482	2685	2697	DNA molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	2699	2702	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	2718	2731	semiconductor	T073	C0036623
28454482	2737	2744	charges	T070	C0563548
28454482	2746	2753	dipoles	UnknownType	C0813981
28454482	2758	2762	ions	T196	C0022023
28454482	2790	2799	localized	T169	C0475264
28454482	2800	2806	energy	T081	C1442080
28454482	2809	2815	states	T169	C1442792
28454482	2856	2866	energy gap	T070	C0013790
28454482	2874	2886	DNA molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	2933	2958	charge transfer mechanism	T070	C1254365
28454482	2966	2969	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	3001	3016	charge transfer	T070	C1254365
28454482	3029	3032	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	3045	3055	insulating	T070	C0457405
28454482	3057	3071	semiconducting	T070	C0457405
28454482	3076	3084	metallic	T197	C0025552
28454482	3132	3139	charges	T070	C0563548
28454482	3143	3146	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	3206	3220	electric field	T070	C0337037
28454482	3237	3258	potential wells/hills	T082	C1254362
28454482	3260	3272	Localization	T169	C0475264
28454482	3276	3283	charges	T070	C0563548
28454482	3287	3290	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	3297	3306	intrinsic	T169	C0439674
28454482	3307	3317	structural	T082	C0678594
28454482	3320	3328	property	T080	C0871161
28454482	3403	3410	thermal	T070	C0018837
28454482	3413	3420	induced	T169	C0205263
28454482	3421	3427	charge	T070	C0563548
28454482	3449	3472	delocalization of holes	T070	C1254365
28454482	3481	3490	electrons	T196	C0013852
28454482	3495	3510	potential hills	T082	C1254362
28454482	3519	3535	potential wells)	T082	C1254362
28454482	3576	3584	electric	T081	C0392762
28454482	3589	3608	dielectric behavior	T081	C0596437
28454482	3617	3629	DNA molecule	T114,T123	C0012854
28454482	3655	3665	experiment	T062	C0681814
28454482	3726	3747	potential hills/wells	T082	C1254362
28454482	3764	3770	energy	T081	C1442080

28454487|t|Diffusion kurtosis imaging of the liver at 3 Tesla: in vivo comparison to standard diffusion-weighted imaging
28454487|a|Background Functional techniques like diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) are gaining more and more importance in liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) is an advanced technique that might help to overcome current limitations of DWI. Purpose To evaluate DKI for the differentiation of hepatic lesions in comparison to conventional DWI at 3 Tesla. Material and Methods Fifty-six consecutive patients were examined using a routine abdominal MR protocol at 3 Tesla which included DWI with b-values of 50, 400, 800, and 1000 s/mm(2). Apparent diffusion coefficient maps were calculated applying a standard mono-exponential fit, while a non-Gaussian kurtosis fit was used to obtain DKI maps. ADC as well as Kurtosis-corrected diffusion (D) values were quantified by region of interest analysis and compared between lesions. Results Sixty-eight hepatic lesions (hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC] [n = 25]; hepatic adenoma [n = 4], cysts [n = 18]; hepatic hemangioma [HH] [n = 18]; and focal nodular hyperplasia [n = 3]) were identified. Differentiation of malignant and benign lesions was possible based on both DWI ADC as well as DKI D-values (P values were in the range of 0.04 to < 0.0001). Conclusion In vivo abdominal DKI calculated using standard b-values is feasible and enables quantitative differentiation between malignant and benign liver lesions. Assessment of conventional ADC values leads to similar results when using b-values below 1000 s/mm(2) for DKI calculation.
28454487	0	26	Diffusion kurtosis imaging	T060	C3896679
28454487	34	39	liver	T023	C0023884
28454487	43	50	3 Tesla	T081	C1551055
28454487	52	59	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28454487	60	70	comparison	T052	C1707455
28454487	83	109	diffusion-weighted imaging	T060	C0598801
28454487	132	142	techniques	T060	C0430022
28454487	148	174	diffusion-weighted imaging	T060	C0598801
28454487	176	179	DWI	T060	C0598801
28454487	221	226	liver	T023	C0023884
28454487	227	253	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28454487	255	258	MRI	T060	C0024485
28454487	261	287	Diffusion kurtosis imaging	T060	C3896679
28454487	289	292	DKI	T060	C3896679
28454487	309	318	technique	T060	C0430022
28454487	355	366	limitations	T169	C0449295
28454487	370	373	DWI	T060	C0598801
28454487	395	398	DKI	T060	C3896679
28454487	407	422	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28454487	426	441	hepatic lesions	T033	C0577053
28454487	445	455	comparison	T052	C1707455
28454487	472	475	DWI	T060	C0598801
28454487	479	486	3 Tesla	T081	C1551055
28454487	531	539	patients	T101	C0030705
28454487	570	591	abdominal MR protocol	T060	C0412693
28454487	595	602	3 Tesla	T081	C1551055
28454487	618	621	DWI	T060	C0598801
28454487	627	635	b-values	T080	C0042295
28454487	671	701	Apparent diffusion coefficient	T077	C3890194
28454487	702	706	maps	T073	C0024779
28454487	743	763	mono-exponential fit	T170	C0282574
28454487	773	798	non-Gaussian kurtosis fit	T170	C0282574
28454487	818	821	DKI	T060	C3896679
28454487	822	826	maps	T073	C0024779
28454487	828	831	ADC	T077	C3890194
28454487	843	882	Kurtosis-corrected diffusion (D) values	T081	C0392762
28454487	888	898	quantified	T081	C1709793
28454487	921	929	analysis	T062	C0936012
28454487	934	942	compared	T052	C1707455
28454487	951	958	lesions	T033	C0577053
28454487	980	995	hepatic lesions	T033	C0577053
28454487	997	1021	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28454487	1023	1026	HCC	T191	C2239176
28454487	1038	1053	hepatic adenoma	T191	C0206669
28454487	1063	1068	cysts	T047	C0010709
28454487	1079	1097	hepatic hemangioma	T191	C0238246
28454487	1099	1101	HH	T191	C0238246
28454487	1117	1142	focal nodular hyperplasia	T047	C0333980
28454487	1169	1184	Differentiation	T169	C2945687
28454487	1188	1197	malignant	T080	C0205282
28454487	1202	1208	benign	T080	C0205183
28454487	1209	1216	lesions	T033	C0577053
28454487	1244	1247	DWI	T060	C0598801
28454487	1248	1251	ADC	T077	C3890194
28454487	1263	1266	DKI	T060	C3896679
28454487	1267	1275	D-values	T081	C0392762
28454487	1337	1344	In vivo	T082	C1515655
28454487	1345	1354	abdominal	T029	C0000726
28454487	1355	1358	DKI	T060	C3896679
28454487	1385	1393	b-values	T080	C0042295
28454487	1418	1430	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28454487	1431	1446	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28454487	1455	1464	malignant	T080	C0205282
28454487	1469	1475	benign	T080	C0205183
28454487	1476	1489	liver lesions	T033	C0577053
28454487	1491	1501	Assessment	T062	C0936012
28454487	1518	1521	ADC	T077	C3890194
28454487	1522	1528	values	T080	C0042295
28454487	1546	1553	results	T169	C1274040
28454487	1565	1573	b-values	T080	C0042295
28454487	1597	1600	DKI	T060	C3896679
28454487	1601	1612	calculation	T052	C1441506

28454863|t|Distracting behaviors among teenagers and young, middle-aged, and older adult drivers when driving without and with warnings from an integrated vehicle safety system
28454863|a|Negative reinforcement from crash warnings may reduce the likelihood that drivers engage in distracted driving. Alternatively, drivers may compensate for the perceived safety benefit of crash warnings by engaging in distractions more frequently, especially at higher speeds. The purpose of this study was to examine whether warning feedback from an integrated vehicle - based safety system affected the likelihood that various secondary behaviors were present among drivers ages 16-17, 20-30, 40-50, and 60-70. Participants drove an instrumented sedan with various collision warning systems for an extended period. Ten 5-second video clips were randomly sampled from driving periods at speeds above 25 mph and below 5 mph each week for each driver and coded for the presence of 11 secondary behaviors. At least one secondary behavior was present in 46% of video clips; conversing with a passenger (17%), personal grooming (9%), and cellphone conversation (6%) were the most common. The likelihood that at least one secondary behavior was present was not significantly different during period s when drivers received warnings relative to period s without warnings. At least one secondary behavior was 21% more likely to be present at speeds below 5 mph relative to speeds above 25 mph; however, the effect of vehicle speed was not significantly affected by warning presence. Separate models for each of the five most common secondary behaviors also indicated that warnings had no significant effect on the likelihood that each behavior was present. Collision warnings were not associated with significant increases or decreases in the overall likelihood that teen and adult drivers engaged in secondary behaviors or the likelihood of the behaviors at speeds above 25 mph or below 5 mph. There was no evidence that forward collision warning and other technologies like those in this study will increase or decrease distracted driving.
28454863	0	21	Distracting behaviors	T053	C4060717
28454863	28	37	teenagers	T098	C1521910
28454863	42	47	young	T079	C0332239
28454863	49	60	middle-aged	T100	C0205847
28454863	66	77	older adult	T098	C0001792
28454863	78	85	drivers	T098	C0684312
28454863	91	98	driving	T056	C0004379
28454863	116	124	warnings	T064	C0871599
28454863	133	143	integrated	T058	C0870717
28454863	144	151	vehicle	T073	C0348005
28454863	152	158	safety	T068	C0036043
28454863	159	165	system	T169	C0449913
28454863	166	188	Negative reinforcement	T061	C0027561
28454863	194	199	crash	T037	C0000932
28454863	200	208	warnings	T064	C0871599
28454863	213	219	reduce	T080	C0392756
28454863	224	234	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28454863	240	247	drivers	T098	C0684312
28454863	258	276	distracted driving	T055	C2963175
28454863	293	300	drivers	T098	C0684312
28454863	305	315	compensate	T080	C0205432
28454863	334	340	safety	T068	C0036043
28454863	341	348	benefit	T081	C0814225
28454863	352	357	crash	T037	C0000932
28454863	358	366	warnings	T064	C0871599
28454863	382	394	distractions	T033	C3845886
28454863	400	410	frequently	T079	C0332183
28454863	426	432	higher	T080	C0205250
28454863	433	439	speeds	T081	C0678536
28454863	445	452	purpose	T169	C1285529
28454863	461	466	study	T062	C2603343
28454863	474	481	examine	T033	C0332128
28454863	490	497	warning	T064	C0871599
28454863	498	506	feedback	T170	C3699624
28454863	515	525	integrated	T058	C0870717
28454863	526	533	vehicle	T073	C0348005
28454863	536	541	based	T169	C1527178
28454863	542	548	safety	T068	C0036043
28454863	549	555	system	T169	C0449913
28454863	556	564	affected	T169	C0392760
28454863	569	579	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28454863	593	602	secondary	T080	C0175668
28454863	603	612	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28454863	618	625	present	T033	C0150312
28454863	632	639	drivers	T098	C0684312
28454863	640	644	ages	T032	C0001779
28454863	677	689	Participants	T098	C0679646
28454863	690	695	drove	T056	C0004379
28454863	699	711	instrumented	T074	C0348000
28454863	712	717	sedan	T073	C0004381
28454863	731	740	collision	T037	C0337196
28454863	741	748	warning	T064	C0871599
28454863	749	756	systems	T169	C0449913
28454863	764	772	extended	T082	C0231449
28454863	773	779	period	T079	C1948053
28454863	794	805	video clips	T170	C3463807
28454863	811	827	randomly sampled	T062	C0150105
28454863	833	840	driving	T056	C0004379
28454863	841	848	periods	T079	C1948053
28454863	852	858	speeds	T081	C0678536
28454863	868	871	mph	T081	C0439495
28454863	884	887	mph	T081	C0439495
28454863	893	897	week	T079	C0439230
28454863	907	913	driver	T098	C0684312
28454863	918	923	coded	T078	C1548303
28454863	932	940	presence	T033	C0150312
28454863	947	956	secondary	T080	C0175668
28454863	957	966	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28454863	981	990	secondary	T080	C0175668
28454863	991	999	behavior	T053	C0004927
28454863	1004	1011	present	T033	C0150312
28454863	1022	1033	video clips	T170	C3463807
28454863	1035	1045	conversing	T033	C1717520
28454863	1053	1062	passenger	T098	C0450048
28454863	1070	1087	personal grooming	T055	C3854001
28454863	1098	1107	cellphone	T073	C1136359
28454863	1108	1120	conversation	T054	C0871703
28454863	1135	1139	most	T081	C0205393
28454863	1140	1146	common	T081	C0205214
28454863	1152	1162	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28454863	1181	1190	secondary	T080	C0175668
28454863	1191	1199	behavior	T053	C0004927
28454863	1204	1211	present	T033	C0150312
28454863	1216	1233	not significantly	T033	C1273937
28454863	1234	1243	different	T080	C1705242
28454863	1251	1257	period	T079	C1948053
28454863	1265	1272	drivers	T098	C0684312
28454863	1282	1290	warnings	T064	C0871599
28454863	1303	1309	period	T079	C1948053
28454863	1320	1328	warnings	T064	C0871599
28454863	1343	1352	secondary	T080	C0175668
28454863	1353	1361	behavior	T053	C0004927
28454863	1370	1381	more likely	T078	C0750492
28454863	1388	1395	present	T033	C0150312
28454863	1399	1405	speeds	T081	C0678536
28454863	1414	1417	mph	T081	C0439495
28454863	1430	1436	speeds	T081	C0678536
28454863	1446	1449	mph	T081	C0439495
28454863	1464	1470	effect	T080	C1280500
28454863	1474	1481	vehicle	T073	C0348005
28454863	1482	1487	speed	T081	C0678536
28454863	1492	1509	not significantly	T033	C1273937
28454863	1510	1518	affected	T169	C0392760
28454863	1522	1529	warning	T064	C0871599
28454863	1530	1538	presence	T033	C0150312
28454863	1540	1548	Separate	T080	C0443299
28454863	1549	1555	models	T170	C3161035
28454863	1577	1581	most	T081	C0205393
28454863	1582	1588	common	T081	C0205214
28454863	1589	1598	secondary	T080	C0175668
28454863	1599	1608	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28454863	1614	1623	indicated	T033	C1444656
28454863	1629	1637	warnings	T064	C0871599
28454863	1642	1656	no significant	T033	C3694175
28454863	1657	1663	effect	T080	C1280500
28454863	1671	1681	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28454863	1692	1700	behavior	T053	C0004927
28454863	1705	1712	present	T033	C0150312
28454863	1714	1723	Collision	T037	C0337196
28454863	1724	1732	warnings	T064	C0871599
28454863	1758	1769	significant	T078	C0750502
28454863	1770	1779	increases	T169	C0442805
28454863	1783	1792	decreases	T081	C0547047
28454863	1800	1807	overall	T080	C1561607
28454863	1808	1818	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28454863	1824	1828	teen	T098	C1521910
28454863	1833	1838	adult	T100	C0001675
28454863	1839	1846	drivers	T098	C0684312
28454863	1858	1867	secondary	T080	C0175668
28454863	1868	1877	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28454863	1885	1895	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28454863	1903	1912	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28454863	1916	1922	speeds	T081	C0678536
28454863	1932	1935	mph	T081	C0439495
28454863	1947	1950	mph	T081	C0439495
28454863	1965	1973	evidence	T078	C3887511
28454863	1987	1996	collision	T037	C0337196
28454863	1997	2004	warning	T064	C0871599
28454863	2015	2027	technologies	T090	C0039421
28454863	2047	2052	study	T062	C2603343
28454863	2058	2066	increase	T169	C0442805
28454863	2070	2078	decrease	T081	C0547047
28454863	2079	2097	distracted driving	T055	C2963175

28455257|t|Molecular insights into the inhibitory mechanism of rifamycin SV against β2-microglobulin aggregation: A molecular dynamics simulation study
28455257|a|Dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA) is a severe condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloidogenic β2-microglobulin (β2m) protein around skeletal joints and bones. The small molecules that modulate β2m aggregation have been identified in vitro, however, the underlying inhibitory mechanism remain elusive. In the present study, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism of an antibiotic, rifamycin SV (C1) reported for its in vitro anti-aggregation activity against β2m. The molecular docking analysis highlight that C1 display hydrophobic contacts with residues in the aggregation prone region of β2m. MD simulations reveal enhanced structural stability of β2m in the presence of C1. C1 inhibit the conformational transition of the C-terminal region of β2m from a β-sheet to random coil conformation, which is reported for the initiation of fibrillogenesis of β2m. The results of the present study provide insight into the key interactions and underlying inhibitory mechanism of a small molecule against β2m aggregation that will help in the design and development of more potent, novel inhibitors of β2m aggregation.
28455257	28	38	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28455257	39	48	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28455257	52	64	rifamycin SV	T109,T195	C0073371
28455257	73	89	β2-microglobulin	T116,T123	C0005149
28455257	90	101	aggregation	T044	C3850147
28455257	105	134	molecular dynamics simulation	T066	C2717775
28455257	141	157	Dialysis-related	T037	C3266969
28455257	158	169	amyloidosis	T047	C0002726
28455257	171	174	DRA	T047	C0002726
28455257	235	248	amyloidogenic	T116,T123	C1456454
28455257	249	279	β2-microglobulin (β2m) protein	T116,T123	C0005149
28455257	287	295	skeletal	T082	C0521324
28455257	296	312	joints and bones	T030	C0545594
28455257	348	351	β2m	T116,T123	C0005149
28455257	352	363	aggregation	T044	C3850147
28455257	385	393	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28455257	419	429	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28455257	430	439	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28455257	478	495	molecular docking	T063	C3494273
28455257	500	535	molecular dynamics (MD) simulations	T066	C2717775
28455257	568	578	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28455257	579	588	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28455257	595	605	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28455257	607	619	rifamycin SV	T109,T195	C0073371
28455257	621	623	C1	T109,T195	C0073371
28455257	642	650	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28455257	685	688	β2m	T116,T123	C0005149
28455257	694	720	molecular docking analysis	T063	C3494273
28455257	736	738	C1	T109,T195	C0073371
28455257	747	767	hydrophobic contacts	T044	C0678607
28455257	789	800	aggregation	T044	C3850147
28455257	817	820	β2m	T116,T123	C0005149
28455257	822	836	MD simulations	T066	C2717775
28455257	853	873	structural stability	T080	C2350440
28455257	877	880	β2m	T116,T123	C0005149
28455257	900	902	C1	T109,T195	C0073371
28455257	904	906	C1	T109,T195	C0073371
28455257	919	944	conformational transition	T044	C0301641
28455257	952	969	C-terminal region	T087	C1707271
28455257	973	976	β2m	T116,T123	C0005149
28455257	984	991	β-sheet	T082	C0162806
28455257	995	1006	random coil	T087	C0599218
28455257	1007	1019	conformation	T082	C0033625
28455257	1061	1076	fibrillogenesis	T044	C3544412
28455257	1080	1083	β2m	T116,T123	C0005149
28455257	1175	1185	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28455257	1186	1195	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28455257	1224	1227	β2m	T116,T123	C0005149
28455257	1228	1239	aggregation	T044	C3850147
28455257	1307	1317	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28455257	1321	1324	β2m	T116,T123	C0005149

28456571|t|Erythropoietin activates SIRT1 to protect human cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin - induced mitochondrial dysfunction and toxicity
28456571|a|The hormone erythropoietin (EPO) has been demonstrated to protect against chemotherapy drug doxorubicin (DOX)- induced cardiotoxicity, but the underlying mechanism remains obscure. We hypothesized that silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), an NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase that activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial function and mediating the beneficial effect of EPO. Our study in human cardiomyocyte AC16 cells showed that DOX - induced cytotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction, as manifested by decreased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, can be mitigated by EPO pretreatment. EPO was found to upregulate SIRT1 activity and protein expression to reverse DOX - induced acetylation of PGC-1α and suppression of a suite of PGC-1α - activated genes involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis, such as nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), citrate synthase (CS), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), cytochrome c oxidase IV (COXIV), and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC). Silencing of SIRT1 via small RNA interference sensitized AC16 cells to DOX - induced cytotoxicity and reduction in mtDNA copy number. Although with SIRT1 silenced, EPO could reverse to some extent DOX - induced mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP depletion, it failed to normalize protein expression of PGC-1α and its downstream genes. Taken together, our results indicated that EPO may activate SIRT1 to enhance mitochondrial function and protect against DOX - induced cardiotoxicity.
28456571	0	14	Erythropoietin	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
28456571	25	30	SIRT1	T116,T126	C1101544
28456571	42	47	human	T016	C0086418
28456571	48	62	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28456571	63	70	against	T080	C0521124
28456571	71	82	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28456571	85	92	induced	T169	C0205263
28456571	93	118	mitochondrial dysfunction	T033	C4021734
28456571	123	131	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28456571	136	143	hormone	T125	C0019932
28456571	144	158	erythropoietin	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
28456571	160	163	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
28456571	198	205	against	T080	C0521124
28456571	206	218	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28456571	219	223	drug	T121	C0013227
28456571	224	235	doxorubicin	T109,T195	C0013089
28456571	237	240	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28456571	243	250	induced	T169	C0205263
28456571	251	265	cardiotoxicity	T037	C0876994
28456571	286	295	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28456571	316	328	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28456571	334	387	silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1	T116,T126	C1101544
28456571	389	394	SIRT1	T116,T126	C1101544
28456571	400	436	NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase	T116,T126	C1101544
28456571	452	520	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha	T116,T123	C1452082
28456571	522	528	PGC-1α	T116,T123	C1452082
28456571	566	588	mitochondrial function	UnknownType	C0678850
28456571	607	617	beneficial	T081	C0814225
28456571	618	624	effect	T080	C1280500
28456571	628	631	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
28456571	637	642	study	T062	C2603343
28456571	646	651	human	T016	C0086418
28456571	652	665	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
28456571	666	676	AC16 cells	T025	C0682523
28456571	689	692	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28456571	695	702	induced	T169	C0205263
28456571	703	715	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28456571	720	745	mitochondrial dysfunction	T033	C4021734
28456571	764	773	decreased	T081	C0205216
28456571	774	791	mitochondrial DNA	T114,T123	C0012929
28456571	793	798	mtDNA	T114,T123	C0012929
28456571	800	811	copy number	T081	C1707513
28456571	813	845	mitochondrial membrane potential	T043	C1720920
28456571	851	860	increased	T081	C0205217
28456571	861	885	mitochondrial superoxide	T116,T126	C1743497
28456571	886	898	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28456571	907	916	mitigated	T067	C1553901
28456571	920	923	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
28456571	924	936	pretreatment	T052	C3539076
28456571	938	941	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
28456571	955	965	upregulate	T044	C0041904
28456571	966	971	SIRT1	T116,T126	C1101544
28456571	972	980	activity	T044	C1537044
28456571	985	1003	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28456571	1007	1014	reverse	T169	C1555029
28456571	1015	1018	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28456571	1021	1028	induced	T169	C0205263
28456571	1029	1040	acetylation	T044	C1521754
28456571	1044	1050	PGC-1α	T116,T123	C1452082
28456571	1055	1066	suppression	T045	C0038855
28456571	1081	1087	PGC-1α	T116,T123	C1452082
28456571	1090	1099	activated	T052	C1879547
28456571	1100	1105	genes	T028	C0017337
28456571	1118	1140	mitochondrial function	UnknownType	C0678850
28456571	1145	1155	biogenesis	T070	C0005495
28456571	1165	1193	nuclear respiratory factor-1	T116,T123	C1565068
28456571	1195	1199	NRF1	T116,T123	C1565068
28456571	1202	1238	mitochondrial transcription factor A	T116,T123	C0965025
28456571	1240	1244	TFAM	T116,T123	C0965025
28456571	1247	1263	citrate synthase	T116,T126	C0008855
28456571	1265	1267	CS	T116,T126	C0008855
28456571	1270	1292	superoxide dismutase 2	T116,T126	C0968147
28456571	1294	1298	SOD2	T116,T126	C0968147
28456571	1301	1324	cytochrome c oxidase IV	T116,T126	C0010760
28456571	1326	1331	COXIV	T116,T126	C0010760
28456571	1338	1369	voltage-dependent anion channel	T116,T123	C1506024
28456571	1371	1375	VDAC	T116,T123	C1506024
28456571	1378	1387	Silencing	T045	C0598496
28456571	1391	1396	SIRT1	T028	C1423062
28456571	1407	1423	RNA interference	T045	C1136031
28456571	1424	1445	sensitized AC16 cells	T025	C0312864
28456571	1449	1452	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28456571	1455	1462	induced	T169	C0205263
28456571	1463	1475	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28456571	1480	1489	reduction	T080	C0392756
28456571	1493	1498	mtDNA	T114,T123	C0012929
28456571	1499	1510	copy number	T081	C1707513
28456571	1526	1531	SIRT1	T028	C1423062
28456571	1532	1540	silenced	T045	C0598496
28456571	1542	1545	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
28456571	1552	1559	reverse	T169	C1555029
28456571	1575	1578	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28456571	1581	1588	induced	T169	C0205263
28456571	1589	1613	mitochondrial superoxide	T116,T126	C1743497
28456571	1614	1626	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28456571	1628	1632	loss	T081	C1517945
28456571	1636	1668	mitochondrial membrane potential	T043	C1720920
28456571	1673	1676	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28456571	1677	1686	depletion	T169	C0333668
28456571	1711	1729	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28456571	1733	1739	PGC-1α	T116,T123	C1452082
28456571	1748	1758	downstream	T082	C0522506
28456571	1759	1764	genes	T028	C0017337
28456571	1809	1812	EPO	T116,T121,T125	C0014822
28456571	1826	1831	SIRT1	T116,T126	C2720167
28456571	1835	1842	enhance	T052	C2349975
28456571	1843	1865	mitochondrial function	UnknownType	C0678850
28456571	1878	1885	against	T080	C0521124
28456571	1886	1889	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28456571	1892	1899	induced	T169	C0205263
28456571	1900	1914	cardiotoxicity	T037	C0876994

28456611|t|Increased risk of PTLD in lung transplant recipients with cystic fibrosis
28456611|a|Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation. Recipients with cystic fibrosis (CF) may have an increased risk of PTLD although the literature is limited to single center cohorts. Our primary aim is to examine PTLD in an adult lung transplant population by utilizing the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Registry. We studied 30,598 adult recipients of lung transplants performed between 1999 and 2011. The primary outcome was development of and time to PTLD. In addition to indication for transplant, other predictors examined included Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus, gender, and age. Outcomes were assessed with univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to obtain hazard ratios (HR). 17% of the cohort had a diagnosis of CF. PTLD developed in 2% of CF recipients compared to 1% for non-CF recipients (p<0.001). Compared to non-CF recipients, CF recipients had higher prevalence of EBV and CMV seronegativity and higher prevalences of high risk EBV and CMV mismatch (D+/R-). There is a significant association between CF and the development of PTLD [HR 1.66 (95% CI 1.30-2.12)]. Stratified multivariable analysis controlling for age revealed EBV negative non-CF recipients have an almost 2 fold increased risk of developing PTLD, whereas EBV negative CF recipients had an almost 6.5 fold increased risk. CF recipients have a higher risk for PTLD compared to non-CF recipients. Further studies are needed to account for additional risk factors and management in this population post-transplant.
28456611	0	9	Increased	T081	C0205217
28456611	10	14	risk	T078	C0035647
28456611	18	22	PTLD	T191	C0432487
28456611	26	52	lung transplant recipients	T033	C2063401
28456611	58	73	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
28456611	74	117	Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease	T191	C0432487
28456611	119	123	PTLD	T191	C0432487
28456611	150	159	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28456611	164	173	mortality	T081	C0026566
28456611	184	204	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28456611	206	216	Recipients	T101	C0376387
28456611	222	237	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
28456611	239	241	CF	T047	C0010674
28456611	255	264	increased	T081	C0205217
28456611	265	269	risk	T078	C0035647
28456611	273	277	PTLD	T191	C0432487
28456611	291	301	literature	T170	C0023866
28456611	316	337	single center cohorts	T098	C0599755
28456611	369	373	PTLD	T191	C0432487
28456611	380	385	adult	T100	C0001675
28456611	386	401	lung transplant	T061	C0024128
28456611	402	412	population	T098	C1257890
28456611	430	495	International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Registry	T170	C0282574
28456611	500	507	studied	T062	C2603343
28456611	515	520	adult	T100	C0001675
28456611	521	531	recipients	T098	C1709854
28456611	535	551	lung transplants	T061	C0024128
28456611	597	604	outcome	T169	C1274040
28456611	609	620	development	T169	C1527148
28456611	628	632	time	T079	C0040223
28456611	636	640	PTLD	T191	C0432487
28456611	672	682	transplant	T061	C0040732
28456611	690	700	predictors	T078	C2698872
28456611	719	737	Epstein-Barr virus	T005	C0014644
28456611	739	742	EBV	T005	C0014644
28456611	748	763	cytomegalovirus	T005	C0010825
28456611	765	768	CMV	T005	C0010825
28456611	770	780	serostatus	T201	C1300950
28456611	782	788	gender	T032	C0079399
28456611	794	797	age	T032	C0001779
28456611	799	807	Outcomes	T169	C1274040
28456611	813	821	assessed	T052	C1516048
28456611	827	838	univariable	T062	C0683962
28456611	843	887	multivariable Cox proportional hazard models	T081,T170	C0010235
28456611	898	911	hazard ratios	T081	C2985465
28456611	913	915	HR	T081	C2985465
28456611	929	935	cohort	T098	C0599755
28456611	942	951	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28456611	955	957	CF	T047	C0010674
28456611	959	963	PTLD	T191	C0432487
28456611	983	985	CF	T047	C0010674
28456611	986	996	recipients	T101	C0376387
28456611	1016	1033	non-CF recipients	T033	C2063401
28456611	1057	1074	non-CF recipients	T033	C2063401
28456611	1076	1078	CF	T047	C0010674
28456611	1079	1089	recipients	T101	C0376387
28456611	1094	1111	higher prevalence	T081	C0220900
28456611	1115	1118	EBV	T005	C0014644
28456611	1123	1141	CMV seronegativity	T034	C2919629
28456611	1146	1164	higher prevalences	T081	C0220900
28456611	1168	1177	high risk	T078	C0035647
28456611	1178	1181	EBV	T005	C0014644
28456611	1186	1189	CMV	T005	C0010825
28456611	1251	1253	CF	T047	C0010674
28456611	1262	1273	development	T169	C1527148
28456611	1277	1281	PTLD	T191	C0432487
28456611	1283	1285	HR	T081	C2985465
28456611	1312	1345	Stratified multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28456611	1362	1365	age	T032	C0001779
28456611	1375	1378	EBV	T005	C0014644
28456611	1379	1387	negative	T033	C1513916
28456611	1388	1405	non-CF recipients	T033	C2063401
28456611	1428	1437	increased	T081	C0205217
28456611	1438	1442	risk	T078	C0035647
28456611	1457	1461	PTLD	T191	C0432487
28456611	1471	1474	EBV	T005	C0014644
28456611	1484	1486	CF	T047	C0010674
28456611	1487	1497	recipients	T101	C0376387
28456611	1521	1530	increased	T081	C0205217
28456611	1531	1535	risk	T078	C0035647
28456611	1537	1539	CF	T047	C0010674
28456611	1540	1550	recipients	T101	C0376387
28456611	1565	1569	risk	T078	C0035647
28456611	1574	1578	PTLD	T191	C0432487
28456611	1591	1608	non-CF recipients	T033	C2063401
28456611	1618	1625	studies	T062	C2603343
28456611	1663	1675	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28456611	1680	1690	management	T058	C0035649
28456611	1699	1725	population post-transplant	T033	C2063401

28456743|t|Does objective quality of physicians correlate with patient satisfaction measured by Hospital Compare metrics in New York State?
28456743|a|It is unclear whether publicly reported benchmarks correlate with the quality of physicians and institutions. We investigated the association of patient satisfaction measures from a public reporting platform with the performance of neurosurgeons in New York State. We performed a cohort study involving patients undergoing neurosurgical operations from 2009-2013, who were registered in the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database. This cohort was merged with publicly available data from the CMS Hospital Compare website. A propensity adjusted regression analysis was used to investigate the association of patient satisfaction metrics with neurosurgeon quality, as measured by their individual rate of mortality and average length-of-stay (LOS). Overall, 166,365 patients underwent neurosurgical procedures during the study. Using a propensity adjusted multivariable regression analysis we demonstrated that undergoing neurosurgical operations in hospitals with a greater percentage of patient - assigned " high " score were associated with higher chance of being treated by a physician with superior performance in terms of mortality (OR 1.90; 95% CI, 1.86 to 1.95), and a higher chance of being treated by a physician with superior performance in terms of length-of-stay (LOS) (OR 1.24; 95% CI, 1.21 to 1.27). Similar associations were identified for hospitals with a higher percentage of patients, who claimed they would recommend these institutions to others. Merging a comprehensive all-payer cohort of neurosurgery patients in New York State with data from the CMS Hospital Compare website, we observed an association of superior hospital - level patient satisfaction measures with the objective performance of individual neurosurgeons in the corresponding hospitals.
28456743	5	14	objective	T080	C1571702
28456743	15	22	quality	T080	C0332306
28456743	26	36	physicians	T097	C0031831
28456743	37	46	correlate	T080	C1707520
28456743	52	72	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
28456743	73	81	measured	T080	C0444706
28456743	85	109	Hospital Compare metrics	T170	C0282574
28456743	113	127	New York State	T083	C0027977
28456743	135	142	unclear	T033	C3845108
28456743	169	179	benchmarks	T081	C0525063
28456743	180	189	correlate	T080	C1707520
28456743	199	206	quality	T080	C0332306
28456743	210	220	physicians	T097	C0031831
28456743	225	237	institutions	UnknownType	C0337951
28456743	242	254	investigated	T169	C1292732
28456743	259	270	association	T080	C0439849
28456743	274	294	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
28456743	295	303	measures	T081	C0079809
28456743	346	357	performance	T055	C0597198
28456743	361	374	neurosurgeons	T097	C0237427
28456743	378	392	New York State	T083	C0027977
28456743	397	406	performed	T169	C0884358
28456743	409	421	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28456743	422	431	involving	T169	C1314939
28456743	432	440	patients	T101	C0030705
28456743	452	476	neurosurgical operations	T061	C0524850
28456743	502	512	registered	T058	C1514821
28456743	520	588	Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS) database	T170	C0242356
28456743	595	601	cohort	T098	C0599755
28456743	606	612	merged	T052	C1881786
28456743	618	641	publicly available data	UnknownType	C0677295
28456743	651	679	CMS Hospital Compare website	T170	C2349146
28456743	703	722	regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28456743	735	746	investigate	T169	C1292732
28456743	751	762	association	T080	C0439849
28456743	766	794	patient satisfaction metrics	T170	C0451370
28456743	800	812	neurosurgeon	T097	C0237427
28456743	813	820	quality	T080	C0332306
28456743	825	833	measured	T080	C0444706
28456743	843	853	individual	T098	C0237401
28456743	854	871	rate of mortality	T081	C0026565
28456743	876	883	average	T081	C1510992
28456743	884	898	length-of-stay	T079	C0023303
28456743	900	903	LOS	T079	C0023303
28456743	906	913	Overall	T080	C1561607
28456743	923	931	patients	T101	C0030705
28456743	942	966	neurosurgical procedures	T061	C0524850
28456743	978	983	study	T062	C2603343
28456743	1013	1046	multivariable regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28456743	1079	1103	neurosurgical operations	T061	C0524850
28456743	1107	1116	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28456743	1124	1131	greater	T081	C1704243
28456743	1132	1142	percentage	T081	C0439165
28456743	1146	1153	patient	T101	C0030705
28456743	1156	1164	assigned	T169	C1516050
28456743	1167	1171	high	T080	C0205250
28456743	1174	1179	score	T081	C0449820
28456743	1185	1200	associated with	T080	C0332281
28456743	1201	1207	higher	T080	C0205250
28456743	1208	1214	chance	T080	C0237506
28456743	1224	1231	treated	T169	C1522326
28456743	1237	1246	physician	T097	C0031831
28456743	1252	1260	superior	T080	C0205250
28456743	1261	1272	performance	T055	C0597198
28456743	1285	1294	mortality	T081	C0205848
28456743	1296	1298	OR	T081	C0028873
28456743	1309	1311	CI	T081	C0009667
28456743	1334	1340	higher	T080	C0205250
28456743	1341	1347	chance	T080	C0237506
28456743	1357	1364	treated	T169	C1522326
28456743	1370	1379	physician	T097	C0031831
28456743	1385	1393	superior	T080	C0205250
28456743	1394	1405	performance	T055	C0597198
28456743	1418	1432	length-of-stay	T079	C0023303
28456743	1434	1437	LOS	T079	C0023303
28456743	1440	1442	OR	T081	C0028873
28456743	1453	1455	CI	T081	C0009667
28456743	1480	1492	associations	T080	C0439849
28456743	1513	1522	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28456743	1530	1536	higher	T080	C0205250
28456743	1537	1547	percentage	T081	C0439165
28456743	1551	1559	patients	T101	C0030705
28456743	1584	1593	recommend	T078	C0034866
28456743	1600	1612	institutions	UnknownType	C0337951
28456743	1624	1631	Merging	T052	C1881786
28456743	1634	1647	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28456743	1648	1664	all-payer cohort	T098	C0599755
28456743	1668	1680	neurosurgery	T061	C0524850
28456743	1681	1689	patients	T101	C0030705
28456743	1693	1707	New York State	T083	C0027977
28456743	1713	1717	data	T078	C1511726
28456743	1727	1755	CMS Hospital Compare website	T170	C2349146
28456743	1760	1768	observed	T169	C1441672
28456743	1772	1783	association	T080	C0439849
28456743	1787	1795	superior	T080	C0205250
28456743	1796	1804	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28456743	1807	1812	level	T080	C0441889
28456743	1813	1833	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
28456743	1834	1842	measures	T081	C0079809
28456743	1852	1861	objective	T080	C1571702
28456743	1862	1873	performance	T055	C0597198
28456743	1877	1887	individual	T098	C0237401
28456743	1888	1901	neurosurgeons	T097	C0237427
28456743	1923	1932	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994

28456744|t|E-WIN Project 2016: Evaluating the current gender situation in neurosurgery across Europe. An interactive, multiple-level Survey
28456744|a|The proportion of females among neurosurgeons appears to be growing worldwide with time. Official data concerning the current situation across Europe have not yet been published. Thus, there are still concerns about gender inequality. The E-WIN Project 2016 was designed to recognize the current situation across Europe. The office holders of the national neurosurgical societies of 39 countries forming the EANS were contacted to provide data stating the proportion of females in neurosurgery. Obtained data were supplied with the results of an online survey. The response rate of national office holders was 90%. Total number of reported neurosurgeons was n=12985, overall proportion of females represented 12%. A total of n=237 responses to online questionnaire were taken into account. The overall proportion of female responders was 30%. There was no inter- gender variability in responses regarding amount of working time per week, exposure to surgeries or administrative work. Male responders reported dedicating significantly more time to scientific work and feeling more confident dictating own career direction. Female responders reported being less often married, having a smaller number of children, a stronger perception of gender significance level and a higher appreciation of personal qualities. Neurosurgery is challenging field of medicine. The results of our survey did not imply an overall feeling of gender inequality among European responders, although women feel the gender issue to be more important than men, and have to sacrifice more of their personal life.
28456744	0	18	E-WIN Project 2016	T062	C0700032
28456744	43	59	gender situation	T080	C0282206
28456744	63	75	neurosurgery	T091	C0027926
28456744	83	89	Europe	T083	C0015176
28456744	107	128	multiple-level Survey	T062	C0814909
28456744	133	143	proportion	T081	C1709707
28456744	147	154	females	T098	C0043210
28456744	161	174	neurosurgeons	T097	C0237427
28456744	218	226	Official	T080	C2347387
28456744	227	231	data	T078	C1511726
28456744	272	278	Europe	T083	C0015176
28456744	345	351	gender	T032	C0079399
28456744	352	362	inequality	T080	C0242503
28456744	368	386	E-WIN Project 2016	T062	C0700032
28456744	442	448	Europe	T083	C0015176
28456744	454	468	office holders	T097	C1522486
28456744	476	508	national neurosurgical societies	T093	C0587523
28456744	515	524	countries	T083	C0454664
28456744	537	541	EANS	T093	C0587523
28456744	568	572	data	T078	C1511726
28456744	585	595	proportion	T081	C1709707
28456744	599	606	females	T098	C0043210
28456744	610	622	neurosurgery	T091	C0027926
28456744	633	637	data	T078	C1511726
28456744	675	688	online survey	T170	C0038951
28456744	694	702	response	T170	C1706817
28456744	711	734	national office holders	T097	C1522486
28456744	769	782	neurosurgeons	T097	C0237427
28456744	804	814	proportion	T081	C1709707
28456744	818	825	females	T098	C0043210
28456744	860	869	responses	T170	C1706817
28456744	873	893	online questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28456744	931	941	proportion	T081	C1709707
28456744	945	951	female	T098	C0043210
28456744	952	962	responders	T098	C0282122
28456744	992	998	gender	T032	C0079399
28456744	999	1010	variability	T077	C2827666
28456744	1014	1023	responses	T170	C1706817
28456744	1044	1051	working	T057	C0043227
28456744	1052	1065	time per week	T081	C0456698
28456744	1079	1088	surgeries	T061	C0543467
28456744	1092	1111	administrative work	T058	C0184665
28456744	1113	1117	Male	T098	C0025266
28456744	1118	1128	responders	T098	C0282122
28456744	1149	1162	significantly	T078	C0750502
28456744	1176	1191	scientific work	T059	C0947630
28456744	1233	1249	career direction	T057	C0814772
28456744	1251	1257	Female	T098	C0043210
28456744	1258	1268	responders	T098	C0282122
28456744	1295	1302	married	T033	C0555047
28456744	1331	1339	children	T100	C0008059
28456744	1366	1372	gender	T032	C0079399
28456744	1373	1391	significance level	T062	C0814896
28456744	1421	1439	personal qualities	T080	C0332306
28456744	1441	1453	Neurosurgery	T091	C0027926
28456744	1478	1486	medicine	T091	C0025118
28456744	1507	1513	survey	T062	C0814909
28456744	1550	1556	gender	T032	C0079399
28456744	1557	1567	inequality	T080	C0242503
28456744	1574	1582	European	T098	C1535514
28456744	1583	1593	responders	T098	C0282122
28456744	1604	1609	women	T098	C0043210
28456744	1619	1631	gender issue	T080	C0282206
28456744	1658	1661	men	T098	C0025266
28456744	1699	1712	personal life	T078	C0376558

28456751|t|Methods, tools and current perspectives in proteogenomics
28456751|a|With combined technological advancements in high-throughput next-generation sequencing and deep mass spectrometry -based proteomics, proteogenomics, i.e., the integrative analysis of proteomic and genomic data, has emerged as a new research field. Early efforts in the field were focused on improving protein identification using sample-specific genomic and transcriptomic sequencing data. More recently, integrative analysis of quantitative measurements from genomic and proteomic studies have identified novel insights into gene expression regulation, cell signaling, and disease. Many methods and tools have been developed or adapted to enable an array of integrative proteogenomic approaches and in this article, we systematically classify published methods and tools into four major categories, (1) Sequence -centric proteogenomics; (2) Analysis of proteogenomic relationships; (3) Integrative modeling of proteogenomic data; and (4) Data sharing and visualization. We provide a comprehensive review of methods and available tools in each category and highlight their typical applications.
28456751	0	7	Methods	T170	C0025663
28456751	9	14	tools	UnknownType	C0541506
28456751	19	26	current	T079	C0521116
28456751	27	39	perspectives	T078	C1254370
28456751	43	57	proteogenomics	T091	C3897816
28456751	72	98	technological advancements	UnknownType	C0681519
28456751	102	144	high-throughput next-generation sequencing	T063	C2936625
28456751	149	171	deep mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28456751	179	189	proteomics	T091	C0872252
28456751	191	205	proteogenomics	T091	C3897816
28456751	217	237	integrative analysis	T062	C0936012
28456751	241	267	proteomic and genomic data	T078	C1511726
28456751	290	304	research field	UnknownType	C0683945
28456751	327	332	field	UnknownType	C0683945
28456751	359	366	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28456751	367	381	identification	T080	C0205396
28456751	388	411	sample-specific genomic	T170	C0282574
28456751	416	446	transcriptomic sequencing data	T170	C0026382
28456751	463	483	integrative analysis	T062	C0936012
28456751	487	499	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28456751	500	512	measurements	T169	C0242485
28456751	518	547	genomic and proteomic studies	T062	C0681814
28456751	553	563	identified	T080	C0205396
28456751	584	610	gene expression regulation	T045	C0017263
28456751	612	626	cell signaling	T043	C0037083
28456751	632	639	disease	T047	C0012634
28456751	646	653	methods	T170	C0025663
28456751	658	663	tools	UnknownType	C0541506
28456751	708	713	array	T082	C1510941
28456751	717	753	integrative proteogenomic approaches	T169	C1292724
28456751	766	773	article	T170	C1706852
28456751	778	792	systematically	T169	C0220922
28456751	793	801	classify	T185	C0008902
28456751	802	811	published	T057	C0034037
28456751	812	819	methods	T170	C0025663
28456751	824	829	tools	UnknownType	C0541506
28456751	840	856	major categories	T185	C1550395
28456751	862	870	Sequence	T086	C0004793
28456751	862	894	Sequence -centric proteogenomics	T091	C3897816
28456751	900	908	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28456751	912	939	proteogenomic relationships	T080	C0439849
28456751	945	965	Integrative modeling	T062	C0870071
28456751	969	987	proteogenomic data	T078	C1511726
28456751	997	1009	Data sharing	T054	C2713450
28456751	1014	1027	visualization	T041	C0175631
28456751	1042	1055	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28456751	1056	1065	review of	T169	C0699752
28456751	1066	1073	methods	T170	C0025663
28456751	1078	1087	available	T169	C0470187
28456751	1088	1093	tools	UnknownType	C0541506
28456751	1102	1110	category	T170	C0683312
28456751	1131	1138	typical	T080	C3538928
28456751	1139	1151	applications	T169	C0205245

28456850|t|Influence of body mass index on survival in indolent and mantle cell lymphomas: analysis of the StiL NHL1 trial
28456850|a|Obesity is a well-known risk factor for the development of cancer, but its influence on the course of disease is still controversial. We investigated the influence of body mass index (BMI) on overall survival (OS) in 502 patients with indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or mantle cell lymphoma in a subgroup analysis of the StiL (Study Group Indolent Lymphomas) NHL1 trial. We defined a cut-off of 22.55 kg/m(2) by ROC calculation and Youden Index analysis and stratified patients into " low BMI " and " high BMI ". Five- year OS was significantly longer in the high BMI group (82.2%) when compared to that of the low BMI group (66.2%) (HR 0.597; 95% CI 0.370-0.963; p = 0.034). BMI was also an independent prognostic factor for OS in multivariate analysis (HR 0.541; 95% CI 0.332-0.883; p = 0.014). Of note, patients had a significantly lower BMI in the presence than patients in the absence of B-symptoms (p = 0.025). BMI significantly impacts on OS in indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma, which may be influenced by the effect of B-symptoms on BMI.
28456850	0	9	Influence	T077	C4054723
28456850	13	28	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28456850	32	40	survival	T052	C0038952
28456850	44	52	indolent	T191	C1334170
28456850	57	78	mantle cell lymphomas	T191	C0334634
28456850	80	88	analysis	T062	C0936012
28456850	96	100	StiL	T098	C2348561
28456850	101	105	NHL1	T191	C0024305
28456850	106	111	trial	T062	C0681815
28456850	112	119	Obesity	T047	C0028754
28456850	136	147	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28456850	171	177	cancer	T191	C0006826
28456850	187	196	influence	T077	C4054723
28456850	214	221	disease	T047	C0012634
28456850	249	261	investigated	T169	C1292732
28456850	266	275	influence	T077	C4054723
28456850	279	294	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28456850	296	299	BMI	T201	C1305855
28456850	304	320	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28456850	322	324	OS	T081	C4086681
28456850	333	341	patients	T101	C0030705
28456850	347	378	indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma	T191	C1334170
28456850	382	402	mantle cell lymphoma	T191	C0334634
28456850	408	416	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28456850	417	425	analysis	T062	C0936012
28456850	433	437	StiL	T098	C2348561
28456850	439	450	Study Group	T098	C2348561
28456850	451	469	Indolent Lymphomas	T191	C1334170
28456850	471	475	NHL1	T191	C0024305
28456850	476	481	trial	T062	C0681815
28456850	524	527	ROC	T081	C0035787
28456850	528	539	calculation	T052	C1441506
28456850	544	556	Youden Index	T170	C0918012
28456850	557	565	analysis	T062	C0936012
28456850	570	580	stratified	T080	C0205363
28456850	581	589	patients	T101	C0030705
28456850	597	604	low BMI	T033	C0231255
28456850	613	621	high BMI	T033	C0231254
28456850	631	635	year	T079	C0439234
28456850	636	638	OS	T081	C4086681
28456850	643	656	significantly	T078	C0750502
28456850	657	663	longer	T080	C0205166
28456850	671	679	high BMI	T033	C0231254
28456850	680	685	group	T098	C1257890
28456850	699	707	compared	T052	C1707455
28456850	723	730	low BMI	T033	C0231255
28456850	731	736	group	T098	C1257890
28456850	746	748	HR	T081	C2985465
28456850	760	762	CI	T081	C0009667
28456850	776	777	p	T081	C1709380
28456850	788	791	BMI	T201	C1305855
28456850	816	833	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
28456850	838	840	OS	T081	C4086681
28456850	844	865	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28456850	867	869	HR	T081	C2985465
28456850	881	883	CI	T081	C0009667
28456850	897	898	p	T081	C1709380
28456850	918	926	patients	T101	C0030705
28456850	933	946	significantly	T078	C0750502
28456850	947	956	lower BMI	T033	C0231255
28456850	978	986	patients	T101	C0030705
28456850	1005	1015	B-symptoms	T033	C1706867
28456850	1017	1018	p	T081	C1709380
28456850	1029	1032	BMI	T201	C1305855
28456850	1033	1046	significantly	T078	C0750502
28456850	1047	1054	impacts	T080	C4049986
28456850	1058	1060	OS	T081	C4086681
28456850	1064	1095	indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma	T191	C1334170
28456850	1100	1120	mantle cell lymphoma	T191	C0334634
28456850	1135	1145	influenced	T077	C4054723
28456850	1153	1159	effect	T080	C1280500
28456850	1163	1173	B-symptoms	T033	C1706867
28456850	1177	1180	BMI	T201	C1305855

28456987|t|Next-Generation Sequencing Approaches to Define the Role of the Autophagy Lysosomal Pathway in Human Disease: The Example of LysoPlex
28456987|a|Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies have deeply changed the throughput of genetic testing allowing analyzing millions of DNA fragments in parallel. One key application is the understanding of genetically heterogeneous and complex diseases where 50-100 different genes may converge to control the same pathways. These disorders cannot be studied using traditional approaches, based on gene-by-gene Sanger sequencing. We have set up an NGS protocol based on a specific selection of DNA regions belonging to about 900 genes of the autophagy-lysosomal (ALP) pathway. We here specify all the technical steps and challenges of our protocol, named LysoPlex. This is based on the Haloplex technology and together with high-coverage sequencing empowers a high and uniform coverage of ALP genes. LysoPlex outplays other NGS applications in sensitivity and specificity, providing an accurate picture of all variations in ALP genes.
28456987	0	26	Next-Generation Sequencing	T063	C2936622
28456987	27	37	Approaches	T169	C1292724
28456987	52	56	Role	T077	C1705810
28456987	64	91	Autophagy Lysosomal Pathway	T043	C0007613
28456987	95	100	Human	T016	C0086418
28456987	101	108	Disease	T047	C0012634
28456987	114	121	Example	T077	C1707959
28456987	125	133	LysoPlex	T170	C0442711
28456987	134	179	Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies	T063	C2936622
28456987	204	214	throughput	T081	C2986816
28456987	218	233	genetic testing	T059	C0679560
28456987	265	278	DNA fragments	UnknownType	C0684192
28456987	282	290	parallel	T080	C0205556
28456987	300	311	application	T169	C0205245
28456987	336	347	genetically	T169	C0314603
28456987	348	361	heterogeneous	T033	C1858576
28456987	366	382	complex diseases	T047	C0012634
28456987	406	411	genes	T028	C0017337
28456987	428	435	control	T080	C0243148
28456987	445	453	pathways	T044	C1704259
28456987	461	470	disorders	T047	C0012634
28456987	495	506	traditional	T169	C0443324
28456987	507	517	approaches	T169	C1292724
28456987	528	558	gene-by-gene Sanger sequencing	T063	C1511897
28456987	578	581	NGS	T063	C2936622
28456987	582	590	protocol	T170	C0442711
28456987	611	620	selection	T052	C1707391
28456987	624	635	DNA regions	T114,T123	C0012854
28456987	659	664	genes	T028	C0017337
28456987	672	705	autophagy-lysosomal (ALP) pathway	T043	C0007613
28456987	731	746	technical steps	T077	C1261552
28456987	751	761	challenges	T058	C0805586
28456987	769	777	protocol	T170	C0442711
28456987	785	793	LysoPlex	T170	C0442711
28456987	854	878	high-coverage sequencing	UnknownType	C0687728
28456987	919	928	ALP genes	T028	C0017337
28456987	930	938	LysoPlex	T170	C0442711
28456987	954	957	NGS	T063	C2936622
28456987	958	970	applications	T169	C0205245
28456987	974	1001	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
28456987	1040	1050	variations	T070	C0042333
28456987	1054	1063	ALP genes	T028	C0017337

28456990|t|Prenatal Diagnosis of Lysosomal Storage Disorders Using Chorionic Villi
28456990|a|Prenatal enzymatic diagnosis for an array of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) can be performed accurately, provided that a confirmed diagnosis by biochemical/molecular study in the index case is available and a strict defined protocol, specific to each individual disorder is followed. The present chapter describes the protocols for reliable and accurate prenatal enzymatic diagnoses by fluorometric and spectrophotometric methods of lysosomal storage disorders: Gaucher, Fabry, Pompe, Niemann Pick A/B, Tay Sach, Sandhoff, GM1, Mucoplysaccharidoses, Wolman, Krabbe, Metachromatic leukodystrophy, and Batten diseases using uncultured chorionic villi samples. The biological reference intervals for enzyme levels in normal and affected fetuses are given for interpretation of prenatal results. It is imperative to establish normal reference interval in each laboratory to take into account the local environment, technical variations, and different ethnicities. Besides, enzyme activity in the fetus should be represented as percentage of the mean activity of enzyme of normal fetuses. The pitfalls and challenges in prenatal diagnosis as well as technical problems in performing enzyme assays are also discussed to help the reader in standardization and performing the assays for correct diagnosis.
28456990	0	18	Prenatal Diagnosis	T060	C0033053
28456990	22	49	Lysosomal Storage Disorders	T047	C0085078
28456990	56	71	Chorionic Villi	T018	C0008508
28456990	72	100	Prenatal enzymatic diagnosis	T060	C0033053
28456990	117	144	lysosomal storage disorders	T047	C0085078
28456990	146	150	LSDs	T047	C0085078
28456990	207	216	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28456990	220	247	biochemical/molecular study	T062	C0008972
28456990	255	265	index case	T033	C2597943
28456990	292	308	defined protocol	T170	C0442711
28456990	338	346	disorder	T047	C0012634
28456990	394	403	protocols	T170	C0442711
28456990	408	416	reliable	T169	C1548383
28456990	430	458	prenatal enzymatic diagnoses	T060	C0033053
28456990	462	474	fluorometric	T059	C0016352
28456990	479	505	spectrophotometric methods	T059	C0037805
28456990	509	536	lysosomal storage disorders	T047	C0085078
28456990	538	545	Gaucher	T047	C0017205
28456990	547	552	Fabry	T047	C0002986
28456990	554	559	Pompe	T047	C0017921
28456990	561	577	Niemann Pick A/B	T047	C3169377
28456990	579	587	Tay Sach	T047	C0039373
28456990	589	597	Sandhoff	T047	C0036161
28456990	599	602	GM1	T047	C0085131
28456990	604	624	Mucoplysaccharidoses	T047	C0026703
28456990	626	632	Wolman	T047	C0043208
28456990	634	640	Krabbe	T047	C0023521
28456990	642	670	Metachromatic leukodystrophy	T047	C0023522
28456990	676	691	Batten diseases	T047	C0751383
28456990	698	724	uncultured chorionic villi	T018	C0008508
28456990	725	732	samples	T077	C2347026
28456990	749	768	reference intervals	T081	C0086715
28456990	773	786	enzyme levels	T059	C0014440
28456990	790	796	normal	T080	C0205307
28456990	801	809	affected	T169	C0392760
28456990	810	817	fetuses	T018	C0015965
28456990	832	846	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28456990	850	858	prenatal	T100	C0678804
28456990	859	866	results	T034	C0456984
28456990	874	884	imperative	T080	C3898777
28456990	898	923	normal reference interval	T081	C0086715
28456990	932	942	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28456990	968	985	local environment	T082	C0014406
28456990	987	996	technical	T169	C0449851
28456990	997	1007	variations	T080	C0205419
28456990	1023	1034	ethnicities	T098	C0015031
28456990	1045	1060	enzyme activity	T044	C0243102
28456990	1068	1073	fetus	T018	C0015965
28456990	1122	1140	activity of enzyme	T044	C0243102
28456990	1151	1158	fetuses	T018	C0015965
28456990	1191	1209	prenatal diagnosis	T060	C0033053
28456990	1221	1239	technical problems	T067	C1710348
28456990	1254	1267	enzyme assays	T059	C2717977
28456990	1309	1324	standardization	T062	C0038136
28456990	1344	1350	assays	T059	C0005507
28456990	1363	1372	diagnosis	T033	C0011900

28457143|t|Typical Skin Injuries in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
28457143|a|Pediatric skin injuries have primarily been described in typically developing children. Our objectives were to describe the prevalence and pattern of skin injuries of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to describe how this compared with previously demonstrated skin injury locations in typically developing children, and to identify differences in skin injury frequency and locations between autistic children with and without self-injurious behaviors (SIBs). Children with ASD were recruited between September of 2011 and September of 2014. Demographic information was obtained from the caregiver. All skin injuries and their locations were documented. Of the 41 children enrolled, half were reported to have SIBs. The most identified skin injury locations were the legs, knees, and back. Children with autism (1) obtain skin injuries frequently and in similar locations as typically developing children and (2) rarely obtain skin injuries to locations that are considered uncommon for accidental injuries despite reports of SIBs.
28457143	8	21	Skin Injuries	T037	C0281980
28457143	25	33	Children	T100	C0008059
28457143	39	63	Autism Spectrum Disorder	T048	C1510586
28457143	64	73	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
28457143	74	87	skin injuries	T037	C0281980
28457143	131	150	developing children	T100	C0008059
28457143	156	166	objectives	T170	C0018017
28457143	188	198	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28457143	203	210	pattern	T082	C0449774
28457143	214	227	skin injuries	T037	C0281980
28457143	231	239	children	T100	C0008059
28457143	245	269	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
28457143	271	274	ASD	T048	C1510586
28457143	336	347	skin injury	T037	C0281980
28457143	348	357	locations	T033	C0552513
28457143	371	390	developing children	T100	C0008059
28457143	408	419	differences	T080	C1705242
28457143	423	434	skin injury	T037	C0281980
28457143	435	444	frequency	T079	C0439603
28457143	449	458	locations	T033	C0552513
28457143	467	484	autistic children	T101	C0175842
28457143	502	526	self-injurious behaviors	T055	C0085271
28457143	528	532	SIBs	T055	C0085271
28457143	535	543	Children	T100	C0008059
28457143	549	552	ASD	T048	C1510586
28457143	576	585	September	T079	C3828193
28457143	598	607	September	T079	C3828193
28457143	617	640	Demographic information	T078	C0011292
28457143	663	672	caregiver	T097	C0085537
28457143	678	691	skin injuries	T037	C0281980
28457143	702	711	locations	T033	C0552513
28457143	717	727	documented	T058	C1301725
28457143	739	747	children	T100	C0008059
28457143	785	789	SIBs	T055	C0085271
28457143	811	822	skin injury	T037	C0281980
28457143	823	832	locations	T033	C0552513
28457143	842	846	legs	T023	C1140621
28457143	848	853	knees	T023	C0022742
28457143	859	863	back	T029	C0004600
28457143	865	873	Children	T100	C0008059
28457143	879	885	autism	T048	C0004352
28457143	897	910	skin injuries	T037	C0281980
28457143	937	946	locations	T033	C0552513
28457143	960	979	developing children	T100	C0008059
28457143	1002	1015	skin injuries	T037	C0281980
28457143	1019	1028	locations	T033	C0552513
28457143	1062	1081	accidental injuries	T037	C0151736
28457143	1101	1105	SIBs	T055	C0085271

28457334|t|Plasma DNA and RNA differentially impact coagulation during abdominal sepsis -an explorative study
28457334|a|Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and extracellular RNA (exRNA) are both suspected to activate coagulation cascades in sepsis. Therefore, our study investigated the influence of plasmatic nucleic acids on coagulation in septic patients in comparison to patients after major abdominal surgery. A total of 15 patients with sepsis, 10 postoperative patients, and 10 healthy volunteers were included in this longitudinal study. Blood was collected at sepsis onset and after surgery respectively, as well as after 24, 72 and 168 h. Levels of cfDNA and exRNA were measured by quantitative probe-based polymerase chain reaction. In addition, thromboelastography for coagulation as well as thromboaggregometry for platelet function was conducted. Both cfDNA and exRNA were elevated in patients with sepsis compared with postoperative patients and healthy volunteers. While higher exRNA levels correlated with a faster clotting time and more stable clots, cfDNA correlated with a shorter clotting time but also less fibrinolysis. In addition, higher cfDNA seems to be associated with kidney dysfunction as well as with general markers of cell damage (lactate dehydrogenase and lactate). Both nucleic acid species might be associated with different effects on coagulation during sepsis, with an overall procoagulatory influence. For this reason, individualized therapeutic approaches in patients suffering from coagulation - associated organ dysfunction might be feasible.
28457334	0	6	Plasma	T031	C0032105
28457334	7	10	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28457334	15	18	RNA	T114	C0035668
28457334	19	33	differentially	T080	C1705242
28457334	34	40	impact	T080	C4049986
28457334	41	52	coagulation	T042	C0005778
28457334	60	76	abdominal sepsis	T047	C1141926
28457334	81	98	explorative study	T062	C2603343
28457334	99	112	Cell-free DNA	T114	C4289789
28457334	114	119	cfDNA	T114	C4289789
28457334	125	138	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28457334	139	142	RNA	T114	C0035668
28457334	144	149	exRNA	T114	C0035668
28457334	160	169	suspected	T078	C0750491
28457334	173	181	activate	T169	C1515877
28457334	182	202	coagulation cascades	T047	C0005779
28457334	206	212	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28457334	229	234	study	T062	C2603343
28457334	235	247	investigated	T169	C1292732
28457334	252	261	influence	T077	C4054723
28457334	265	274	plasmatic	T031	C0032105
28457334	275	288	nucleic acids	T114,T123	C0028606
28457334	292	303	coagulation	T042	C0005778
28457334	307	313	septic	T169	C0333534
28457334	314	322	patients	T101	C0030705
28457334	326	336	comparison	T052	C1707455
28457334	340	348	patients	T101	C0030705
28457334	361	378	abdominal surgery	T061	C0198482
28457334	394	402	patients	T101	C0030705
28457334	408	414	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28457334	419	432	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28457334	433	441	patients	T101	C0030705
28457334	450	468	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
28457334	474	482	included	T169	C0332257
28457334	491	509	longitudinal study	T062	C0023981
28457334	511	516	Blood	T031	C0005767
28457334	521	530	collected	T078	C1516695
28457334	534	540	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28457334	541	546	onset	T079	C0277793
28457334	557	564	surgery	T061	C0543467
28457334	614	620	Levels	T080	C0441889
28457334	624	629	cfDNA	T114	C4289789
28457334	634	639	exRNA	T114	C0035668
28457334	645	653	measured	T080	C0444706
28457334	657	669	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28457334	670	681	probe-based	T074	C0182400
28457334	682	707	polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0032520
28457334	722	741	thromboelastography	T059	C0040017
28457334	746	757	coagulation	T042	C0005778
28457334	769	788	thromboaggregometry	T059	C0022885
28457334	793	810	platelet function	T043	C1254881
28457334	831	836	cfDNA	T114	C4289789
28457334	841	846	exRNA	T114	C0035668
28457334	852	860	elevated	T080	C3163633
28457334	864	872	patients	T101	C0030705
28457334	878	884	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28457334	885	893	compared	T052	C1707455
28457334	899	912	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28457334	913	921	patients	T101	C0030705
28457334	926	944	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
28457334	952	958	higher	T080	C0205250
28457334	959	964	exRNA	T114	C0035668
28457334	965	971	levels	T080	C0441889
28457334	972	982	correlated	T080	C1707520
28457334	990	1010	faster clotting time	T034	C2266672
28457334	1020	1032	stable clots	T046	C0302148
28457334	1034	1039	cfDNA	T114	C4289789
28457334	1040	1050	correlated	T080	C1707520
28457334	1058	1079	shorter clotting time	T034	C2266672
28457334	1094	1106	fibrinolysis	T039	C0016017
28457334	1121	1127	higher	T080	C0205250
28457334	1128	1133	cfDNA	T114	C4289789
28457334	1146	1161	associated with	T080	C0332281
28457334	1162	1180	kidney dysfunction	T046	C0151746
28457334	1205	1212	markers	T201	C0005516
28457334	1216	1227	cell damage	T049	C0599732
28457334	1229	1250	lactate dehydrogenase	T116,T126	C0022917
28457334	1255	1262	lactate	T109,T121	C0376261
28457334	1270	1282	nucleic acid	T114,T123	C0028606
28457334	1300	1315	associated with	T080	C0332281
28457334	1316	1325	different	T080	C1705242
28457334	1326	1333	effects	T080	C1280500
28457334	1337	1348	coagulation	T042	C0005778
28457334	1356	1362	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28457334	1372	1379	overall	T080	C1561607
28457334	1380	1394	procoagulatory	T042	C2917275
28457334	1395	1404	influence	T077	C4054723
28457334	1423	1437	individualized	T080	C1881197
28457334	1438	1460	therapeutic approaches	T061	C0087111
28457334	1464	1472	patients	T101	C0030705
28457334	1473	1482	suffering	T184	C0751408
28457334	1488	1499	coagulation	T042	C0005778
28457334	1502	1512	associated	T033	C0449380
28457334	1513	1530	organ dysfunction	T047	C0342953

28457384|t|Liver Retransplantation for Hepatic Abscess Due to Hepatic Artery Thrombosis: A Case Report
28457384|a|Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) is a well-recognized complication of liver transplantation (LT). HAT is an important risk factor for infectious, in particular hepatic abscess, which can cause graft loss and increasing morbidity and mortality. We present a case report of complicated LT in a 52- year-old Caucasian man with primary sclerosing cholangitis. In 2007 the patient was included on the waiting list in Padua for LT. In 2012 the patient underwent percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage for bile duct stricture, complicated with acute pancreatitis. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed with choledochotomy and Kehr's T tube drainage. On February 14, 2012, the patient underwent LT with arterial reconstruction and choledochojejunostomy. The postoperative course was complicated with HAT, multiple liver abscesses, and sepsis associated with bacteremia due to Enterococcus faecium despite massive intravenous antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainages. On November 28, 2012, the patient underwent retransplantation. Four years after transplantation the patient is still in good general condition. Hepatic abscess formation secondary to HAT following LT is a major complication associated with important morbidity and mortality. In selected cases retransplantation should be considered as our case demonstrates.
28457384	0	23	Liver Retransplantation	T061	C4087552
28457384	28	43	Hepatic Abscess	T047	C0023885
28457384	51	76	Hepatic Artery Thrombosis	T046	C0392106
28457384	92	117	Hepatic artery thrombosis	T046	C0392106
28457384	119	122	HAT	T046	C0392106
28457384	145	157	complication	T046	C0009566
28457384	161	182	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911
28457384	184	186	LT	T061	C0023911
28457384	189	192	HAT	T046	C0392106
28457384	209	220	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28457384	225	235	infectious	T080	C1550587
28457384	251	266	hepatic abscess	T047	C0023885
28457384	284	294	graft loss	T046	C0877042
28457384	310	319	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28457384	324	333	mortality	T081	C0026565
28457384	375	377	LT	T061	C0023911
28457384	387	395	year-old	T100	C0596728
28457384	396	405	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
28457384	406	409	man	T032	C0086582
28457384	415	445	primary sclerosing cholangitis	T047	C0566602
28457384	459	466	patient	T101	C0030705
28457384	487	499	waiting list	T170	C0043010
28457384	503	508	Padua	T170	C0451365
28457384	513	515	LT	T061	C0023911
28457384	529	536	patient	T101	C0030705
28457384	547	589	percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage	T061	C1504490
28457384	594	613	bile duct stricture	T047	C0235982
28457384	632	650	acute pancreatitis	T047	C0001339
28457384	654	676	diagnostic laparoscopy	T060	C1880304
28457384	696	737	choledochotomy and Kehr's T tube drainage	T058	C3522222
28457384	742	750	February	T080	C3830166
28457384	765	772	patient	T101	C0030705
28457384	783	785	LT	T061	C0023911
28457384	791	814	arterial reconstruction	T061	C2937236
28457384	819	840	choledochojejunostomy	T061	C0008343
28457384	888	891	HAT	T046	C0392106
28457384	893	917	multiple liver abscesses	T047	C0023885
28457384	923	929	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28457384	946	956	bacteremia	T047	C0004610
28457384	964	984	Enterococcus faecium	T007	C0085495
28457384	1001	1031	intravenous antibiotic therapy	T061	C0559680
28457384	1036	1058	percutaneous drainages	T061	C0400410
28457384	1063	1071	November	T079	C3828767
28457384	1086	1093	patient	T101	C0030705
28457384	1104	1121	retransplantation	T061	C0597409
28457384	1128	1133	years	T079	C0585341
28457384	1140	1155	transplantation	T061	C0040732
28457384	1160	1167	patient	T101	C0030705
28457384	1204	1219	Hepatic abscess	T047	C0023885
28457384	1243	1246	HAT	T046	C0392106
28457384	1257	1259	LT	T061	C0023911
28457384	1271	1283	complication	T046	C0009566
28457384	1310	1319	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28457384	1324	1333	mortality	T081	C0026565
28457384	1353	1370	retransplantation	T061	C0597409

28457522|t|Lung Transplantation for FLNA - Associated Progressive Lung Disease
28457522|a|To describe a series of patients with pathogenic variants in FLNA and progressive lung disease necessitating lung transplantation. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 6 female infants with heterozygous presumed loss-of-function pathogenic variants in FLNA whose initial presentation was early and progressive respiratory failure. Each patient received lung transplantation at an average age of 11 months (range, 5-15 months). All patients had pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic respiratory failure requiring tracheostomy and escalating levels of ventilator support before transplantation. All 6 patients survived initial lung transplantation; however, 1 patient died after a subsequent heart-lung transplant. The remaining 5 patients are living unrestricted lives on chronic immunosuppression at most recent follow-up (range, 19 months to 11.3 years post - transplantation). However, in all patients, severe ascending aortic dilation has been observed with aortic regurgitation. Respiratory failure secondary to progressive obstructive lung disease during infancy may be the presenting phenotype of FLNA-associated periventricular nodular heterotopia. We describe a cohort of patients with progressive respiratory failure related to a pathogenic variant in FLNA and present lung transplantation as a viable therapeutic option for this group of patients.
28457522	0	20	Lung Transplantation	T061	C0024128
28457522	25	29	FLNA	T028	C1414635
28457522	32	42	Associated	T080	C0332281
28457522	43	54	Progressive	T169	C0205329
28457522	55	67	Lung Disease	T047	C0024115
28457522	92	100	patients	T101	C0030705
28457522	106	133	pathogenic variants in FLNA	T033	C3837440
28457522	138	149	progressive	T169	C0205329
28457522	150	162	lung disease	T047	C0024115
28457522	177	197	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28457522	214	227	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28457522	228	240	chart review	UnknownType	C0553620
28457522	246	260	female infants	T033	C2222300
28457522	266	278	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
28457522	288	304	loss-of-function	T033	C0243095
28457522	305	332	pathogenic variants in FLNA	T033	C3837440
28457522	339	359	initial presentation	T169	C0449976
28457522	364	369	early	T033	C3807376
28457522	374	385	progressive	T169	C0205329
28457522	386	405	respiratory failure	T047	C1145670
28457522	412	419	patient	T101	C0030705
28457522	429	449	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28457522	464	467	age	T032	C0001779
28457522	474	480	months	T079	C0439231
28457522	494	500	months	T079	C0439231
28457522	507	515	patients	T101	C0030705
28457522	520	551	pulmonary arterial hypertension	T047	C2973725
28457522	556	583	chronic respiratory failure	T047	C0264492
28457522	594	606	tracheostomy	T061	C0040590
28457522	611	628	escalating levels	T080	C0441889
28457522	632	650	ventilator support	T074	C0087153
28457522	658	673	transplantation	T061	C0024128
28457522	681	689	patients	T101	C0030705
28457522	707	727	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28457522	740	747	patient	T101	C0030705
28457522	748	752	died	T040	C0011065
28457522	761	771	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28457522	772	793	heart-lung transplant	T061	C0018833
28457522	811	819	patients	T101	C0030705
28457522	831	849	unrestricted lives	T078	C3858706
28457522	853	878	chronic immunosuppression	T047	C4048329
28457522	887	903	recent follow-up	T058	C1522577
28457522	915	921	months	T079	C0439231
28457522	930	935	years	T079	C0439234
28457522	936	940	post	T079	C0687676
28457522	943	958	transplantation	T061	C0024128
28457522	977	985	patients	T101	C0030705
28457522	987	993	severe	T080	C0205082
28457522	994	1019	ascending aortic dilation	T190	C0345049
28457522	1043	1063	aortic regurgitation	T047	C0003504
28457522	1065	1084	Respiratory failure	T047	C1145670
28457522	1085	1097	secondary to	T080	C0175668
28457522	1098	1109	progressive	T169	C0205329
28457522	1110	1134	obstructive lung disease	T047	C0600260
28457522	1142	1149	infancy	T079	C0231330
28457522	1172	1181	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28457522	1185	1236	FLNA-associated periventricular nodular heterotopia	T047	C1868720
28457522	1252	1258	cohort	T098	C0599755
28457522	1262	1270	patients	T101	C0030705
28457522	1276	1287	progressive	T169	C0205329
28457522	1288	1307	respiratory failure	T047	C1145670
28457522	1321	1347	pathogenic variant in FLNA	T033	C3837440
28457522	1360	1380	lung transplantation	T061	C0024128
28457522	1386	1411	viable therapeutic option	T061	C0087111
28457522	1421	1426	group	T078	C0441833
28457522	1430	1438	patients	T101	C0030705

28457994|t|Increase in acid sphingomyelinase level in human retinal endothelial cells and CD34(+) circulating angiogenic cells isolated from diabetic individuals is associated with dysfunctional retinal vasculature and vascular repair process in diabetes
28457994|a|Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular disease that results from retinal vascular degeneration and defective repair due to diabetes - induced endothelial progenitor dysfunction. Understanding key molecular factors involved in vascular degeneration and repair is paramount for developing effective diabetic retinopathy treatment strategies. We propose that diabetes - induced activation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) plays essential role in retinal endothelial and CD34(+) circulating angiogenic cell (CAC) dysfunction in diabetes. Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) isolated from control and diabetic donor tissue and human CD34(+) CACs from control and diabetic patients were used in this study. ASM messenger RNA and protein expression were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. To evaluate the effect of diabetes - induced ASM on HRECs and CD34(+) CACs function, tube formation, CAC incorporation into endothelial tubes, and diurnal release of CD34(+) CACs in diabetic individuals were determined. ASM expression level was significantly increased in HRECs isolated from diabetic compared with control donor tissue, as well as CD34(+) CACs and plasma of diabetic patients. A significant decrease in tube area was observed in HRECs from diabetic donors compared with control HRECs. The tube formation deficiency was associated with increased expression of ASM in diabetic HRECs. Moreover, diabetic CD34(+) CACs with high ASM showed defective incorporation into endothelial tubes. Diurnal release of CD34(+) CACs was disrupted with the rhythmicity lost in diabetic patients. Collectively, these findings support that diabetes - induced ASM upregulation has a marked detrimental effect on both retinal endothelial cells and CACs.
28457994	0	8	Increase	T169	C0442805
28457994	12	33	acid sphingomyelinase	T116,T126	C0599122
28457994	34	39	level	T080	C0441889
28457994	43	48	human	T016	C0086418
28457994	49	56	retinal	T023	C0035298
28457994	57	74	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28457994	79	115	CD34(+) circulating angiogenic cells	T025	C0882849
28457994	130	138	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28457994	139	150	individuals	T098	C0237401
28457994	154	169	associated with	T080	C0332281
28457994	170	203	dysfunctional retinal vasculature	T190	C4024753
28457994	208	231	vascular repair process	T061	C0869795
28457994	235	243	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28457994	244	264	Diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
28457994	270	291	microvascular disease	UnknownType	C0748385
28457994	310	317	retinal	T023	C0035298
28457994	318	339	vascular degeneration	T047	C1281300
28457994	344	353	defective	T169	C0332452
28457994	354	360	repair	T058	C1705181
28457994	368	376	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28457994	379	386	induced	T169	C0205263
28457994	387	421	endothelial progenitor dysfunction	T047	C0856169
28457994	471	492	vascular degeneration	T047	C1281300
28457994	497	503	repair	T058	C1705181
28457994	542	562	diabetic retinopathy	T047	C0011884
28457994	563	572	treatment	T061	C0087111
28457994	601	609	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28457994	612	619	induced	T169	C0205263
28457994	620	630	activation	T052	C1879547
28457994	634	655	acid sphingomyelinase	T116,T126	C0599122
28457994	657	660	ASM	T116,T126	C0599122
28457994	686	693	retinal	T023	C0035298
28457994	694	705	endothelial	T025	C0225336
28457994	710	745	CD34(+) circulating angiogenic cell	T025	C0882849
28457994	747	750	CAC	T025	C0882849
28457994	767	775	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28457994	777	782	Human	T016	C0086418
28457994	783	790	retinal	T023	C0035298
28457994	791	808	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28457994	810	815	HRECs	T025	C0225336
28457994	843	851	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28457994	852	857	donor	T098	C0013018
28457994	858	864	tissue	T024	C0040300
28457994	869	874	human	T016	C0086418
28457994	875	887	CD34(+) CACs	T025	C0882849
28457994	905	913	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28457994	914	922	patients	T101	C0030705
28457994	948	951	ASM	T028	C1420259
28457994	952	965	messenger RNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28457994	970	988	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28457994	1006	1044	quantitative polymerase chain reaction	T063	C3179034
28457994	1049	1082	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28457994	1124	1132	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28457994	1135	1142	induced	T169	C0205263
28457994	1143	1146	ASM	T116,T126	C0599122
28457994	1150	1155	HRECs	T025	C0225336
28457994	1160	1172	CD34(+) CACs	T025	C0882849
28457994	1173	1181	function	T043	C0007613
28457994	1183	1197	tube formation	T042	C2752214
28457994	1199	1202	CAC	T025	C0882849
28457994	1203	1216	incorporation	T169	C0243126
28457994	1222	1239	endothelial tubes	T024	C0014257
28457994	1245	1252	diurnal	T079	C0332173
28457994	1253	1260	release	T169	C0391871
28457994	1264	1276	CD34(+) CACs	T025	C0882849
28457994	1280	1288	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28457994	1289	1300	individuals	T098	C0237401
28457994	1318	1321	ASM	T116,T126	C0599122
28457994	1322	1338	expression level	T081	C3244092
28457994	1357	1366	increased	T081	C0205217
28457994	1370	1375	HRECs	T025	C0225336
28457994	1390	1398	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28457994	1421	1426	donor	T098	C0013018
28457994	1427	1433	tissue	T024	C0040300
28457994	1446	1458	CD34(+) CACs	T025	C0882849
28457994	1463	1469	plasma	T031	C0032105
28457994	1473	1481	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28457994	1482	1490	patients	T101	C0030705
28457994	1506	1514	decrease	T081	C0547047
28457994	1544	1549	HRECs	T025	C0225336
28457994	1555	1563	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28457994	1564	1570	donors	T098	C0013018
28457994	1593	1598	HRECs	T025	C0225336
28457994	1604	1618	tube formation	T042	C2752214
28457994	1619	1629	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28457994	1634	1649	associated with	T080	C0332281
28457994	1650	1659	increased	T081	C0205217
28457994	1660	1670	expression	T045	C1171362
28457994	1674	1677	ASM	T116,T126	C0599122
28457994	1681	1689	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28457994	1690	1695	HRECs	T025	C0225336
28457994	1707	1715	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28457994	1716	1728	CD34(+) CACs	T025	C0882849
28457994	1739	1742	ASM	T116,T126	C0599122
28457994	1750	1759	defective	T169	C0332452
28457994	1760	1773	incorporation	T169	C0243126
28457994	1779	1796	endothelial tubes	T024	C0014257
28457994	1798	1805	Diurnal	T079	C0332173
28457994	1806	1813	release	T169	C0391871
28457994	1817	1829	CD34(+) CACs	T025	C0882849
28457994	1853	1864	rhythmicity	T079	C0031084
28457994	1865	1869	lost	T169	C0745777
28457994	1873	1881	diabetic	T047	C0011847
28457994	1882	1890	patients	T101	C0030705
28457994	1934	1942	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28457994	1945	1952	induced	T169	C0205263
28457994	1953	1956	ASM	T028	C1420259
28457994	1957	1969	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28457994	2010	2017	retinal	T023	C0035298
28457994	2018	2035	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28457994	2040	2044	CACs	T025	C0882849

28458045|t|The yeast ADH7 promoter enables gene expression under pronounced translation repression caused by the combined stress of vanillin, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
28458045|a|Lignocellulosic biomass conversion inhibitors such as vanillin, furfural, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) inhibit the growth of and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A high concentration of each fermentation inhibitor represses translation and increases non-translated mRNAs. We previously reported that the mRNAs of ADH7 and BDH2, which encode putative NADPH- and NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, respectively, were efficiently translated even with translation repression in response to severe vanillin stress. However, the combined effects of these fermentation inhibitors on the expression of ADH7 and BDH2 remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that exposure to a combined stress of vanillin, furfural, and HMF repressed translation. The protein synthesis of Adh7, but not Bdh2 was significantly induced under combined stress conditions, even though the mRNA levels of ADH7 and BDH2 were up-regulated. Additionally, adh7Δ cells were more sensitive to the combined stress than wild-type and bdh2Δ cells. These results suggest that induction of the ADH7 expression plays a role in the tolerance to the combined stress of vanillin, furfural, and HMF. Furthermore, we succeeded in improving yeast tolerance to the combined stress by controlling the expression of ALD6 with the ADH7 promoter. Our results demonstrate that the ADH7 promoter can overcome the pronounced translation repression caused by the combined stress of vanillin, furfural, and HMF, and also suggest a new gene engineering strategy to breed robust and optimized yeasts for bioethanol production from a lignocellulosic biomass.
28458045	4	9	yeast	T004	C0043393
28458045	10	14	ADH7	T028	C1412242
28458045	15	23	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28458045	32	47	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28458045	54	64	pronounced	T080	C0205402
28458045	65	87	translation repression	T045	C1519619
28458045	102	117	combined stress	T033	C0038435
28458045	121	129	vanillin	T109,T121	C0078032
28458045	131	139	furfural	T109,T131	C0016849
28458045	145	168	5-hydroxymethylfurfural	T109,T121	C0049244
28458045	169	184	Lignocellulosic	T109	C0064974
28458045	185	192	biomass	T081	C0005535
28458045	193	203	conversion	T169	C0439836
28458045	204	214	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28458045	223	231	vanillin	T109,T121	C0078032
28458045	233	241	furfural	T109,T131	C0016849
28458045	247	270	5-hydroxymethylfurfural	T109,T121	C0049244
28458045	272	275	HMF	T109,T121	C0049244
28458045	277	284	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28458045	289	295	growth	T040	C0018270
28458045	303	315	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28458045	319	343	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28458045	347	351	high	T080	C0205250
28458045	352	365	concentration	T081	C1265611
28458045	374	386	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28458045	387	396	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28458045	397	418	represses translation	T045	C1519619
28458045	423	432	increases	T169	C0442805
28458045	433	453	non-translated mRNAs	T114	C0887909
28458045	487	492	mRNAs	T114,T123	C0035696
28458045	496	500	ADH7	T028	C1412242
28458045	505	509	BDH2	T028	C1826419
28458045	517	523	encode	T052	C2700640
28458045	533	539	NADPH-	T116,T126	C0001942
28458045	544	581	NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases	T116,T126	C0001942
28458045	614	624	translated	UnknownType	C0678935
28458045	635	657	translation repression	T045	C1519619
28458045	680	688	vanillin	T109,T121	C0078032
28458045	689	695	stress	T033	C0038435
28458045	719	729	effects of	T080	C1704420
28458045	736	748	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28458045	749	759	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28458045	767	777	expression	T045	C1171362
28458045	781	785	ADH7	T028	C1412242
28458045	790	794	BDH2	T028	C1826419
28458045	839	850	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28458045	853	868	combined stress	T033	C0038435
28458045	872	880	vanillin	T109,T121	C0078032
28458045	882	890	furfural	T109,T131	C0016849
28458045	896	899	HMF	T109,T121	C0049244
28458045	900	921	repressed translation	T045	C1519619
28458045	927	944	protein synthesis	T044	C0597295
28458045	948	952	Adh7	T116,T126	C1173273
28458045	962	966	Bdh2	T116,T126	C0020331
28458045	985	992	induced	T169	C0205263
28458045	999	1014	combined stress	T033	C0038435
28458045	1043	1047	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28458045	1048	1054	levels	T080	C0441889
28458045	1058	1062	ADH7	T028	C1412242
28458045	1067	1071	BDH2	T028	C1826419
28458045	1077	1090	up-regulated.	T044	C0041904
28458045	1127	1136	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28458045	1144	1159	combined stress	T033	C0038435
28458045	1165	1174	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28458045	1198	1205	results	T034	C0456984
28458045	1219	1228	induction	T045	C0017391
28458045	1236	1240	ADH7	T028	C1412242
28458045	1241	1251	expression	T045	C1171362
28458045	1260	1264	role	T077	C1705810
28458045	1272	1281	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28458045	1289	1304	combined stress	T033	C0038435
28458045	1308	1316	vanillin	T109,T121	C0078032
28458045	1318	1326	furfural	T109,T131	C0016849
28458045	1332	1335	HMF	T109,T121	C0049244
28458045	1366	1375	improving	T080	C1272745
28458045	1376	1381	yeast	T004	C0043393
28458045	1382	1391	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28458045	1399	1414	combined stress	T033	C0038435
28458045	1434	1444	expression	T045	C0017262
28458045	1448	1452	ALD6	T116,T126	C1258324
28458045	1462	1466	ADH7	T028	C1412242
28458045	1467	1475	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28458045	1481	1488	results	T034	C0456984
28458045	1510	1514	ADH7	T028	C1412242
28458045	1515	1523	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28458045	1528	1536	overcome	T052	C2983310
28458045	1541	1551	pronounced	T080	C0205402
28458045	1552	1574	translation repression	T045	C1519619
28458045	1589	1604	combined stress	T033	C0038435
28458045	1608	1616	vanillin	T109,T121	C0078032
28458045	1618	1626	furfural	T109,T131	C0016849
28458045	1632	1635	HMF	T109,T121	C0049244
28458045	1660	1676	gene engineering	T063	C0017387
28458045	1695	1701	robust	T080	C2986815
28458045	1716	1722	yeasts	T004	C0043393
28458045	1727	1748	bioethanol production	T040	C0678710
28458045	1756	1771	lignocellulosic	T109	C0064974
28458045	1772	1779	biomass	T081	C0005535

28458075|t|Executive function fails to predict smoking outcomes in a clinical trial to motivate smokers to quit
28458075|a|Executive function (EF) is considered an important mediator of health outcomes. It is hypothesized that those with better EF are more likely to succeed in turning their intentions into actual health behaviors. Prior studies indicate EF is associated with smoking cessation. Experimental and longitudinal studies, however, have yielded mixed results. Few studies have examined whether EF predicts post-treatment smoking behavior. Fewer still have done so prospectively in a large trial. We sought to determine if EF predicts quit attempts and cessation among community smokers in a large randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of motivational interventions for encouraging cessation. Participants (N=255) completed a baseline assessment that included a cognitive battery to assess EF (Oral Trail Making Test B, Stroop, Controlled Oral Word Association Test). Participants were then randomized to 4 sessions of Motivational Interviewing or Health Education or one session of Brief Advice to quit. Quit attempts and cessation were assessed at weeks 12 and 26. In regression analyses, none of the EF measures were statistically significant predictors of quit attempts or cessation (all ps>0.20). Our data did not support models of health behavior that emphasize EF as a mediator of health outcomes. Methodological shortcomings weaken the existing support for an association between EF and smoking behavior. We suggest methodological improvements that could help move this potentially important area of research forward.
28458075	0	18	Executive function	T041	C0935584
28458075	19	35	fails to predict	T169	C0231175
28458075	36	52	smoking outcomes	T062	C1519387
28458075	58	72	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
28458075	76	100	motivate smokers to quit	T058	C0811286
28458075	101	119	Executive function	T041	C0935584
28458075	121	123	EF	T041	C0935584
28458075	164	179	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
28458075	187	199	hypothesized	T078	C1512571
28458075	223	225	EF	T041	C0935584
28458075	256	280	turning their intentions	T041	C0162425
28458075	286	309	actual health behaviors	T055	C0018687
28458075	334	336	EF	T041	C0935584
28458075	340	355	associated with	T080	C0332281
28458075	356	373	smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28458075	375	387	Experimental	T080	C1517586
28458075	392	412	longitudinal studies	T062	C0023981
28458075	485	487	EF	T041	C0935584
28458075	497	511	post-treatment	T079	C2709088
28458075	512	528	smoking behavior	T055	C1519383
28458075	555	585	prospectively in a large trial	T062	C0033522
28458075	613	615	EF	T041	C0935584
28458075	625	638	quit attempts	T033	C3166135
28458075	643	676	cessation among community smokers	T055	C0085134
28458075	682	704	large randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034
28458075	720	728	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28458075	732	744	motivational	T061	C0454480
28458075	745	758	interventions	T061	C0184661
28458075	763	784	encouraging cessation	T061	C0582393
28458075	786	798	Participants	T098	C0679646
28458075	819	838	baseline assessment	T058	C0558020
28458075	855	882	cognitive battery to assess	T060	C0870300
28458075	883	885	EF	T041	C0935584
28458075	887	911	Oral Trail Making Test B	T170	C0040604
28458075	913	919	Stroop	T060	C2718024
28458075	921	958	Controlled Oral Word Association Test	T170	C3827022
28458075	961	973	Participants	T098	C0679646
28458075	984	994	randomized	T062	C0034656
28458075	1000	1008	sessions	T077	C1883017
28458075	1012	1037	Motivational Interviewing	T061	C0683474
28458075	1041	1057	Health Education	T065	C0018701
28458075	1065	1072	session	T077	C1883017
28458075	1098	1111	Quit attempts	T033	C3166135
28458075	1116	1125	cessation	T052	C1880019
28458075	1131	1139	assessed	T052	C1516048
28458075	1163	1182	regression analyses	T170	C0034980
28458075	1196	1198	EF	T041	C0935584
28458075	1213	1238	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28458075	1253	1266	quit attempts	T033	C0243095
28458075	1270	1279	cessation	T052	C1880019
28458075	1299	1303	data	T078	C1511726
28458075	1320	1326	models	T075	C0026336
28458075	1330	1345	health behavior	T055	C0018687
28458075	1361	1363	EF	T041	C0935584
28458075	1381	1396	health outcomes	T170	C1550208
28458075	1398	1425	Methodological shortcomings	UnknownType	C0815254
28458075	1481	1483	EF	T041	C0935584
28458075	1488	1504	smoking behavior	T055	C1519383
28458075	1517	1531	methodological	UnknownType	C0815254
28458075	1532	1544	improvements	T077	C2986411
28458075	1601	1609	research	T062	C0035168

28458091|t|Residential segregation, political representation, and preterm birth among U.S. - and foreign - born Black women in the U.S. 2008-2010
28458091|a|Although racial residential segregation is associated with preterm birth (PTB) among non-Hispanic black (NHB) women in the U.S ., prior work suggests that increased black political power arising from segregation may be protective for infant health. We examined associations between residential segregation, black political representation, and preterm birth (PTB) among U.S - and foreign - born NHB women in major U.S. cities using birth certificate data from 2008 to 2010 (n=861,450). Each 10- unit increase in segregation was associated with 3-6% increases in odds of PTB for both U.S .- and foreign - born NHB women. Black political representation was not associated with PTB and did not moderate the association between residential segregation and PTB.
28458091	0	23	Residential segregation	T185	C2985115
28458091	25	34	political	T092	C0680784
28458091	35	49	representation	T052	C1882932
28458091	55	68	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
28458091	75	79	U.S.	T083	C0041703
28458091	86	93	foreign	T080	C1517294
28458091	96	100	born	T040	C0005615
28458091	101	106	Black	T098	C0005680
28458091	107	112	women	T098	C0043210
28458091	120	123	U.S	T083	C0041703
28458091	144	174	racial residential segregation	T185	C2985115
28458091	178	193	associated with	T080	C0332281
28458091	194	207	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
28458091	208	213	(PTB)	T033	C0151526
28458091	220	238	non-Hispanic black	T098	C1531522
28458091	239	244	(NHB)	T098	C1531522
28458091	245	250	women	T098	C0043210
28458091	258	261	U.S	T083	C0041703
28458091	265	270	prior	T079	C0332152
28458091	271	275	work	T057	C0043227
28458091	276	284	suggests	T078	C1705535
28458091	290	299	increased	T081	C0205217
28458091	300	305	black	T098	C0005680
28458091	306	321	political power	UnknownType	C0680750
28458091	335	346	segregation	T054	C0080141
28458091	354	364	protective	T033	C1545588
28458091	369	382	infant health	T080	C0205806
28458091	387	395	examined	T033	C0332128
28458091	396	408	associations	T080	C0439849
28458091	417	440	residential segregation	T185	C2985115
28458091	442	447	black	T098	C0005680
28458091	448	457	political	T092	C0680784
28458091	458	472	representation	T052	C1882932
28458091	478	491	preterm birth	T033	C0151526
28458091	493	496	PTB	T033	C0151526
28458091	504	507	U.S	T083	C0041703
28458091	514	521	foreign	T080	C1517294
28458091	524	528	born	T040	C0005615
28458091	529	532	NHB	T098	C1531522
28458091	533	538	women	T098	C0043210
28458091	542	547	major	T080	C0205164
28458091	548	551	U.S	T083	C0041703
28458091	553	559	cities	T083	C0008848
28458091	566	588	birth certificate data	T170	C0005600
28458091	629	633	unit	T081	C0439148
28458091	634	642	increase	T169	C0442805
28458091	646	657	segregation	T054	C0080141
28458091	662	677	associated with	T080	C0332281
28458091	683	692	increases	T169	C0442805
28458091	696	700	odds	T081	C0028873
28458091	704	707	PTB	T033	C0151526
28458091	717	720	U.S	T083	C0041703
28458091	728	735	foreign	T080	C1517294
28458091	738	742	born	T040	C0005615
28458091	743	746	NHB	T098	C1531522
28458091	747	752	women	T098	C0043210
28458091	754	759	Black	T098	C0005680
28458091	760	769	political	T092	C0680784
28458091	770	784	representation	T052	C1882932
28458091	793	808	associated with	T080	C0332281
28458091	809	812	PTB	T033	C0151526
28458091	825	833	moderate	T080	C1881878
28458091	838	849	association	T080	C0439849
28458091	858	881	residential segregation	T185	C2985115
28458091	886	889	PTB	T033	C0151526

28458290|t|Study of Safety Evaluation in Dispensing of Medicines - Analysis of Relationship between Dispensing Error Rate, Inspecting Error Rate, and Malpractice Rate
28458290|a|In this study, we established a methodology to calculate the rate of overlooking a dispensing error (inspecting error rate) as a new index for the purpose of determining dispensing error and malpractice rates. Using data obtained from analyses of these error rates at our and two other hospitals, an inspecting error rate was calculated for each institution. Our results showed that inspecting errors occurred at a frequency 3-5 times greater as compared to dispensing errors at each of the examined hospitals. We concluded that construction of a higher quality safety management system would be enabled by incorporation of an inspecting error rate as a new index to evaluate medical safety in regard to dispensing of medicines and managing inspection accuracy.
28458290	0	15	Study of Safety	T062	C1705187
28458290	16	26	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28458290	30	40	Dispensing	T058	C1880359
28458290	44	53	Medicines	T121	C0013227
28458290	56	64	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28458290	68	80	Relationship	T080	C0439849
28458290	89	105	Dispensing Error	T033	C1536012
28458290	106	110	Rate	T081	C1521828
28458290	112	122	Inspecting	T169	C0199219
28458290	123	133	Error Rate	T081	C1521828
28458290	139	150	Malpractice	T080	C0680560
28458290	151	155	Rate	T081	C1521828
28458290	164	169	study	T062	C2603343
28458290	188	199	methodology	T078	C3266812
28458290	217	221	rate	T081	C1521828
28458290	239	255	dispensing error	T033	C1536012
28458290	257	267	inspecting	T169	C0199219
28458290	268	278	error rate	T081	C1521828
28458290	285	294	new index	T170	C0918012
28458290	326	342	dispensing error	T033	C1536012
28458290	347	358	malpractice	T080	C0680560
28458290	359	364	rates	T081	C1521828
28458290	372	376	data	T062	C0010995
28458290	391	399	analyses	T062	C0936012
28458290	409	420	error rates	T081	C1521828
28458290	442	451	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28458290	456	466	inspecting	T169	C0199219
28458290	467	477	error rate	T081	C1521828
28458290	502	513	institution	T093	C2607850
28458290	519	526	results	T169	C1274040
28458290	539	549	inspecting	T169	C0199219
28458290	550	556	errors	T080	C0743559
28458290	571	580	frequency	T079	C0439603
28458290	591	598	greater	T081	C1704243
28458290	602	610	compared	T052	C1707455
28458290	614	631	dispensing errors	T033	C1536012
28458290	647	655	examined	T033	C0332128
28458290	656	665	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28458290	703	709	higher	T080	C0205250
28458290	710	717	quality	T080	C0332306
28458290	718	742	safety management system	T058	C1272368
28458290	763	776	incorporation	T169	C0243126
28458290	783	804	inspecting error rate	T081	C1521828
28458290	810	819	new index	T170	C0918012
28458290	823	831	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28458290	832	839	medical	T169	C0205476
28458290	840	846	safety	T062	C1705187
28458290	860	870	dispensing	T058	C1880359
28458290	874	883	medicines	T121	C0013227
28458290	897	907	inspection	T169	C0199219
28458290	908	916	accuracy	T080	C4035952

28458643|t|Grammatical Language Impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Exploring Language Phenotypes Beyond Standardized Testing
28458643|a|Linguistic and cognitive abilities manifest huge heterogeneity in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Some children present with commensurate language and cognitive abilities, while others show more variable patterns of development. Using spontaneous language samples, we investigate the presence and extent of grammatical language impairment in a heterogeneous sample of children with ASD. Findings from our sample suggest that children with ASD can be categorized into three meaningful subgroups: those with normal language, those with marked difficulty in grammatical production but relatively intact vocabulary, and those with more globally low language abilities. These findings support the use of sensitive assessment measures to evaluate language in autism, as well as the utility of within- disorder comparisons, in order to comprehensively define the various cognitive and linguistic phenotypes in this heterogeneous disorder.
28458643	0	11	Grammatical	T090	C0870615
28458643	12	31	Language Impairment	T048	C0023015
28458643	35	59	Autism Spectrum Disorder	T048	C1510586
28458643	71	79	Language	T171	C0023008
28458643	80	90	Phenotypes	T078	C0441833
28458643	98	118	Standardized Testing	T170	C0237892
28458643	119	129	Linguistic	T090	C0023741
28458643	134	153	cognitive abilities	T041	C0392334
28458643	168	181	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28458643	185	193	children	T100	C0008059
28458643	199	223	autism spectrum disorder	T048	C1510586
28458643	225	228	ASD	T048	C1510586
28458643	236	244	children	T100	C0008059
28458643	271	279	language	T171	C0023008
28458643	284	303	cognitive abilities	T041	C0392334
28458643	349	360	development	T169	C1527148
28458643	380	388	language	T171	C0023008
28458643	440	451	grammatical	T090	C0870615
28458643	452	471	language impairment	T048	C0023015
28458643	501	509	children	T100	C0008059
28458643	515	518	ASD	T048	C1510586
28458643	520	528	Findings	T033	C0243095
28458643	558	566	children	T100	C0008059
28458643	572	575	ASD	T048	C1510586
28458643	617	626	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28458643	646	654	language	T171	C0023008
28458643	674	710	difficulty in grammatical production	T033	C0566045
28458643	726	732	intact	T080	C0205266
28458643	733	743	vocabulary	T170	C0042926
28458643	774	777	low	T080	C0205251
28458643	778	796	language abilities	T041	C1145677
28458643	804	812	findings	T033	C0243095
28458643	874	882	language	T171	C0023008
28458643	886	892	autism	T048	C0004352
28458643	928	936	disorder	T047	C0012634
28458643	997	1006	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28458643	1011	1021	linguistic	T090	C0023741
28458643	1022	1032	phenotypes	T078	C0441833
28458643	1041	1063	heterogeneous disorder	T033	C1858576

28458859|t|Pancreaticoduodenectomy in a patient with previous left ventricular assist device: a case report with specific emphasis on peri-operative logistics
28458859|a|To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of this nature described in the literature. Sharing the authors experience with this case, particularly the technical challenges and post-operative management may aid other physicians facing similar scenarios. In this report, we describe a pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a patient with a previous left ventricular assist device (LVAD). A multidisciplinary approach, particularly close involvement of the advanced heart failure, mechanical heart and pancreas surgery teams was key to the success of this case. Major abdominal surgery in the setting of previous LVAD should be considered carefully, however, the LVAD should not be generalized as an absolute contraindication.
28458859	0	23	Pancreaticoduodenectomy	T061	C0085162
28458859	29	36	patient	T101	C0030705
28458859	42	50	previous	T079	C0205156
28458859	51	81	left ventricular assist device	T074	C0181598
28458859	85	96	case report	T170	C0085973
28458859	123	147	peri-operative logistics	T058	C0150706
28458859	195	199	case	T077	C1706256
28458859	232	242	literature	T170	C0023866
28458859	256	263	authors	T097	C3812881
28458859	264	274	experience	T041	C0596545
28458859	285	289	case	T077	C1706256
28458859	308	328	technical challenges	T067	C1710348
28458859	333	347	post-operative	T079	C0032790
28458859	348	358	management	T058	C0085971
28458859	373	383	physicians	T097	C0031831
28458859	391	398	similar	T080	C2348205
28458859	399	408	scenarios	T169	C0683579
28458859	418	424	report	T170	C0684224
28458859	440	463	pancreaticoduodenectomy	T061	C0085162
28458859	468	493	pancreatic adenocarcinoma	T191	C0281361
28458859	499	506	patient	T101	C0030705
28458859	514	522	previous	T079	C0205156
28458859	523	553	left ventricular assist device	T074	C0181598
28458859	555	559	LVAD	T074	C0181598
28458859	564	590	multidisciplinary approach	T061	C0870721
28458859	630	638	advanced	T080	C0205179
28458859	639	652	heart failure	T047	C0018801
28458859	654	670	mechanical heart	T074	C0018829
28458859	675	691	pancreas surgery	T061	C0193594
28458859	692	697	teams	T080	C0520261
28458859	713	720	success	T080	C0679864
28458859	729	733	case	T077	C1706256
28458859	735	758	Major abdominal surgery	T033	C0455612
28458859	777	785	previous	T079	C0205156
28458859	786	790	LVAD	T074	C0181598
28458859	836	840	LVAD	T074	C0181598
28458859	855	866	generalized	T082	C0205246
28458859	873	881	absolute	T080	C0205344
28458859	882	898	contraindication	T033	C1301624

28458935|t|Successful Management of Acquired Hemophilia A Associated with Bullous Pemphigoid: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
28458935|a|Background. Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare condition, due to the spontaneous formation of neutralizing antibodies against endogenous factor VIII. About half the cases are associated with pregnancy, postpartum, autoimmune diseases, malignancies, or adverse drug reactions. Symptoms include severe and unexpected bleeding that may prove life-threatening. Case Study. We report a case of AHA associated with bullous pemphigoid (BP), a chronic, autoimmune, subepidermal, blistering skin disease. To our knowledge, this is the 25th documented case of such an association. Following treatment for less than 3 months consisting of methylprednisolone at decreasing dose levels along with four courses of rituximab (monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 protein), AHA was completely cured and BP well-controlled. Conclusions. This report illustrates a rare association of AHA and BP, supporting the possibility of eradicating the inhibitor with a well-conducted short-term treatment.
28458935	0	21	Successful Management	T058	C0376636
28458935	25	33	Acquired	T080	C0439661
28458935	34	46	Hemophilia A	T047	C0019069
28458935	63	81	Bullous Pemphigoid	T047	C0030805
28458935	85	96	Case Report	T170	C0085973
28458935	101	125	Review of the Literature	T170	C0282441
28458935	138	146	Acquired	T080	C0439661
28458935	147	159	hemophilia A	T047	C0019069
28458935	161	164	AHA	T047	C0019069
28458935	171	185	rare condition	T047	C0678236
28458935	198	209	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28458935	210	219	formation	T169	C1522492
28458935	223	246	neutralizing antibodies	T116,T129	C0475463
28458935	255	277	endogenous factor VIII	T169	C1516853
28458935	294	299	cases	T169	C0868928
28458935	320	329	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28458935	331	341	postpartum	T079	C0086839
28458935	343	362	autoimmune diseases	T047	C0004364
28458935	364	376	malignancies	T191	C4282132
28458935	381	403	adverse drug reactions	T046	C0041755
28458935	405	413	Symptoms	T184	C1457887
28458935	422	428	severe	T080	C0205082
28458935	444	452	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28458935	468	484	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
28458935	486	496	Case Study	T170	C0085973
28458935	501	507	report	T170	C0684224
28458935	510	514	case	T169	C0868928
28458935	518	521	AHA	T047	C0019069
28458935	538	556	bullous pemphigoid	T047	C0030805
28458935	558	560	BP	T047	C0030805
28458935	565	572	chronic	T079	C0205191
28458935	574	584	autoimmune	T046	C0004368
28458935	586	598	subepidermal	T033	C1856956
28458935	600	623	blistering skin disease	T033	C4314154
28458935	660	670	documented	T058	C1301725
28458935	671	675	case	T169	C0868928
28458935	710	719	treatment	T061	C0087111
28458935	736	742	months	T079	C0439231
28458935	757	775	methylprednisolone	T109,T121,T125	C0025815
28458935	779	789	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28458935	790	794	dose	T081	C0178602
28458935	795	801	levels	T080	C0441889
28458935	818	825	courses	T079	C0750729
28458935	829	838	rituximab	T116,T121,T129	C0393022
28458935	840	859	monoclonal antibody	T116,T129	C0003250
28458935	881	893	CD20 protein	T116,T123	C1447954
28458935	896	899	AHA	T047	C0019069
28458935	915	920	cured	T077	C1880198
28458935	925	927	BP	T047	C0030805
28458935	928	943	well-controlled	T169	C3853142
28458935	963	969	report	T170	C0684224
28458935	1004	1007	AHA	T047	C0019069
28458935	1012	1014	BP	T047	C0030805
28458935	1046	1057	eradicating	T058	C3178994
28458935	1062	1071	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28458935	1094	1104	short-term	T079	C0443303
28458935	1105	1114	treatment	T061	C0087111

28459029|t|Association of Fat Mass and Obesity - associated Gene Variant with Lifestyle Factors and Body Fat in Indian Children
28459029|a|Common intronic variants of the fat mass and obesity - associated (FTO) gene have been associated with obesity -related traits in humans. (1) The aim of this study is to study the distribution of FTO gene variants across different body mass index (BMI) categories and (2) to explore the association between FTO gene variants and lifestyle factors in obese and normal weight Indian children. Fifty-six children (26 boys, mean age 10.3 ± 2.2 years) were studied. Height, weight, and waist and hip circumference were measured. Physical activity (questionnaire) and food intake (food frequency questionnaire) were assessed. Body fat percentage (%BF) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. FTO allelic variants at rs9939609 site were detected by SYBR Green Amplification Refractory Mutation System real-time polymerase chain reaction using allele - specific primers. Generalized linear model was used to investigate the simultaneous influence of genetic and lifestyle factors on %BF. Mean height, weight, and BMI of normal and obese children were 130.6 ± 7.1 versus 143.2 ± 15.6, 24.0 ± 5.2 versus 53.1 ± 15.8, and 13.9 ± 2.1 versus 25.3 ± 3.2, respectively. The frequency of AA allele was 57% among obese children and 35% in normal weight children. Children with the AA allele who were obese had least physical activity, whereas children with AT allele and obesity had the highest intake of calories when compared to children who had AT allele and were normal. %BF was positively associated with AA alleles and junk food intake and negatively with healthy food intake and moderate physical activity. Healthy lifestyle with high physical activity and diet low in calories and fat may help in modifying the risk imposed by FTO variants in children.
28459029	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28459029	15	23	Fat Mass	T032	C3656665
28459029	28	35	Obesity	T047	C0028754
28459029	38	48	associated	T080	C0332281
28459029	49	61	Gene Variant	T028	C0678941
28459029	67	76	Lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28459029	77	84	Factors	T169	C1521761
28459029	89	97	Body Fat	T201	C0344335
28459029	101	107	Indian	T098	C1524069
28459029	108	116	Children	T100	C0008059
28459029	124	141	intronic variants	T028	C0678941
28459029	149	157	fat mass	T032	C3656665
28459029	162	169	obesity	T047	C0028754
28459029	172	182	associated	T080	C0332281
28459029	183	193	(FTO) gene	T028	C1970415
28459029	204	219	associated with	T080	C0332281
28459029	220	227	obesity	T047	C0028754
28459029	237	243	traits	T032	C0599883
28459029	247	253	humans	T016	C0086418
28459029	275	280	study	T062	C2603343
28459029	287	292	study	T062	C2603343
28459029	313	321	FTO gene	T028	C1970415
28459029	322	330	variants	T028	C0678941
28459029	348	363	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28459029	365	368	BMI	T201	C1305855
28459029	404	415	association	T080	C0439849
28459029	424	432	FTO gene	T028	C1970415
28459029	433	441	variants	T028	C0678941
28459029	446	455	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28459029	456	463	factors	T169	C1521761
28459029	467	472	obese	T047	C0028754
28459029	477	490	normal weight	T033	C2712185
28459029	491	497	Indian	T098	C1524069
28459029	498	506	children	T100	C0008059
28459029	518	526	children	T100	C0008059
28459029	531	535	boys	T100	C0870221
28459029	542	545	age	T032	C0001779
28459029	557	562	years	T079	C0439234
28459029	569	576	studied	T062	C2603343
28459029	578	584	Height	T032	C0005890
28459029	586	592	weight	T032	C0005910
28459029	598	603	waist	T201	C0455829
28459029	608	625	hip circumference	T201	C0562350
28459029	631	639	measured	T080	C0444706
28459029	641	658	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
28459029	660	673	questionnaire	T170	C4264334
28459029	679	683	food	T168	C0016452
28459029	684	690	intake	T169	C1512806
28459029	692	720	food frequency questionnaire	T170	C2986698
28459029	727	735	assessed	T052	C1516048
28459029	737	756	Body fat percentage	T201	C1632383
28459029	758	761	%BF	T201	C1632383
28459029	779	811	dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry	T060	C1510486
28459029	813	833	FTO allelic variants	T028	C0678941
28459029	837	851	rs9939609 site	T082	C1517493
28459029	869	956	SYBR Green Amplification Refractory Mutation System real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C1709846
28459029	963	969	allele	T028	C0002085
28459029	972	980	specific	T080	C0205369
28459029	981	988	primers	T114	C0206415
28459029	990	1014	Generalized linear model	T081	C0023732
28459029	1027	1038	investigate	T169	C1292732
28459029	1043	1055	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28459029	1056	1065	influence	T077	C4054723
28459029	1069	1076	genetic	T169	C0314603
28459029	1081	1090	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28459029	1091	1098	factors	T169	C1521761
28459029	1102	1105	%BF	T201	C1632383
28459029	1112	1118	height	T032	C0005890
28459029	1120	1126	weight	T032	C0005910
28459029	1132	1135	BMI	T201	C1305855
28459029	1139	1145	normal	T080	C0205307
28459029	1150	1155	obese	T047	C0028754
28459029	1156	1164	children	T100	C0008059
28459029	1299	1308	AA allele	T028	C0002085
28459029	1323	1328	obese	T047	C0028754
28459029	1329	1337	children	T100	C0008059
28459029	1349	1362	normal weight	T033	C2712185
28459029	1363	1371	children	T100	C0008059
28459029	1373	1381	Children	T100	C0008059
28459029	1391	1400	AA allele	T028	C0002085
28459029	1410	1415	obese	T047	C0028754
28459029	1426	1443	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28459029	1453	1461	children	T100	C0008059
28459029	1467	1476	AT allele	T028	C0002085
28459029	1481	1488	obesity	T047	C0028754
28459029	1497	1504	highest	T080	C1522410
28459029	1505	1523	intake of calories	T081	C4281687
28459029	1529	1537	compared	T052	C1707455
28459029	1541	1549	children	T100	C0008059
28459029	1558	1567	AT allele	T028	C0002085
28459029	1577	1583	normal	T080	C0205307
28459029	1585	1588	%BF	T201	C1632383
28459029	1604	1619	associated with	T080	C0332281
28459029	1620	1630	AA alleles	T028	C0002085
28459029	1635	1644	junk food	T168	C0681578
28459029	1645	1651	intake	T169	C1512806
28459029	1672	1679	healthy	T080	C3898900
28459029	1680	1684	food	T168	C0016452
28459029	1685	1691	intake	T169	C1512806
28459029	1705	1722	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28459029	1724	1741	Healthy lifestyle	T055	C4277664
28459029	1752	1769	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28459029	1774	1778	diet	T168	C0012155
28459029	1779	1782	low	T080	C0205251
28459029	1786	1794	calories	T081	C1556156
28459029	1799	1802	fat	T109,T168	C0012171
28459029	1815	1824	modifying	T169	C0392747
28459029	1829	1833	risk	T078	C0035647
28459029	1845	1857	FTO variants	T028	C0678941
28459029	1861	1869	children	T100	C0008059

28459089|t|Data on the uptake and metabolism of testosterone by the common mussel, Mytilus spp
28459089|a|This article provides data in support of the research article entitled " Rapid uptake, biotransformation, esterification and lack of depuration of testosterone and its metabolites by the common mussel, Mytilus spp ." (T.I. Schwarz, I. Katsiadaki, B.H. Maskrey, A.P. Scott, 2017) [1]. The uptake of tritiated testosterone (T) from water by mussels is presented. The two main radioactive peaks formed from T and present in the fatty acid ester fraction of mussel tissues were shown to have the same elution positions on a thin layer chromatography plate as 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one (DHT) and 5α-androstan-3β,17β-diol (3β,17β-A5α). Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography of the non-esterified (80% ethanol) fraction of the mussel tissue extracts also presented radioactive peaks at the elution positions of DHT and 3β,17β-A5α. There was no evidence for sulfated T in this fraction. It was shown that aeration led to significant losses of radiolabeled testosterone from the water column.
28459089	0	4	Data	T078	C1511726
28459089	12	18	uptake	T039	C0243144
28459089	23	33	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28459089	37	49	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28459089	57	70	common mussel	T204	C0446373
28459089	72	83	Mytilus spp	T204	C1023083
28459089	106	110	data	T078	C1511726
28459089	129	145	research article	T170	C0282574
28459089	157	162	Rapid	T080	C0456962
28459089	163	169	uptake	T039	C0243144
28459089	171	188	biotransformation	T040	C0005576
28459089	190	204	esterification	T070	C0014895
28459089	209	213	lack	T080	C0332268
28459089	217	227	depuration	T169	C1998793
28459089	231	243	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28459089	252	263	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28459089	271	284	common mussel	T204	C0446373
28459089	286	297	Mytilus spp	T204	C1023083
28459089	372	378	uptake	T039	C0243144
28459089	382	404	tritiated testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28459089	406	407	T	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28459089	414	419	water	T121,T197	C0043047
28459089	423	430	mussels	T204	C0026871
28459089	458	469	radioactive	T070	C0034553
28459089	470	475	peaks	T080	C0444505
28459089	488	489	T	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28459089	509	525	fatty acid ester	T109,T123	C0369212
28459089	526	534	fraction	T081	C1264633
28459089	538	544	mussel	T204	C0026871
28459089	545	552	tissues	T024	C0040300
28459089	581	588	elution	T059	C1441565
28459089	589	598	positions	T082	C0733755
28459089	604	635	thin layer chromatography plate	T059	C0008569
28459089	639	669	17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one	T109,T121,T125	C0038148
28459089	671	674	DHT	T109,T121,T125	C0038148
28459089	680	704	5α-androstan-3β,17β-diol	T109,T125	C1256763
28459089	706	716	3β,17β-A5α	T109,T125	C1256763
28459089	719	771	Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography	T059	C2717789
28459089	779	793	non-esterified	T109	C0015688
28459089	799	806	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28459089	808	816	fraction	T081	C1264633
28459089	824	830	mussel	T204	C0026871
28459089	831	846	tissue extracts	T123	C0040291
28459089	862	873	radioactive	T070	C0034553
28459089	874	879	peaks	T080	C0444505
28459089	887	894	elution	T059	C1441565
28459089	895	904	positions	T082	C0733755
28459089	908	911	DHT	T109,T121,T125	C0038148
28459089	916	926	3β,17β-A5α	T109,T125	C1256763
28459089	941	949	evidence	T078	C3887511
28459089	954	964	sulfated T	T109,T121	C0039608
28459089	973	981	fraction	T081	C1264633
28459089	1001	1009	aeration	T067	C1254366
28459089	1017	1028	significant	T078	C0750502
28459089	1029	1035	losses	T081	C1517945
28459089	1039	1051	radiolabeled	T080	C1527121
28459089	1052	1064	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28459089	1074	1079	water	T167	C0036499
28459089	1080	1086	column	T075	C1705246

28459124|t|Museum specimen data reveal emergence of a plant disease may be linked to increases in the insect vector population
28459124|a|The emergence rate of new plant diseases is increasing due to novel introductions, climate change, and changes in vector populations, posing risks to agricultural sustainability. Assessing and managing future disease risks depends on understanding the causes of contemporary and historical emergence events. Since the mid-1990s, potato growers in the western United States, Mexico, and Central America have experienced severe yield loss from Zebra Chip disease and have responded by increasing insecticide use to suppress populations of the insect vector, the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae). Despite the severe nature of Zebra Chip outbreaks, the causes of emergence remain unknown. We tested the hypotheses that 1) B. cockerelli occupancy has increased over the last century in California and 2) such increases are related to climate change, specifically warmer winters. We compiled a dataset of 87,000 museum specimen occurrence records across the order Hemiptera collected between 1900 and 2014. We then analyzed changes in B. cockerelli distribution using a hierarchical occupancy model using changes in background species lists to correct for collecting effort. We found evidence that B. cockerelli occupancy has increased over the last century. However, these changes appear to be unrelated to climate changes, at least at the scale of our analysis. To the extent that species occupancy is related to abundance, our analysis provides the first quantitative support for the hypothesis that B. cockerelli population abundance has increased, but further work is needed to link B. cockerelli population dynamics to Zebra Chip epidemics. Finally, we demonstrate how this historical macro-ecological approach provides a general framework for comparative risk assessment of future pest and insect vector outbreaks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28459124	0	6	Museum	T073	C0026863
28459124	7	15	specimen	T167	C0370003
28459124	16	20	data	T078	C1511726
28459124	43	56	plant disease	T047	C0032080
28459124	74	83	increases	T169	C0442805
28459124	91	104	insect vector	T204	C0021573
28459124	91	115	insect vector population	T098	C1257890
28459124	120	134	emergence rate	T081	C1521828
28459124	142	156	plant diseases	T047	C0032080
28459124	160	170	increasing	T169	C0442808
28459124	199	213	climate change	T070	C2718051
28459124	219	226	changes	T169	C0392747
28459124	230	248	vector populations	T098	C1257890
28459124	257	262	risks	T078	C0035647
28459124	266	278	agricultural	T090	C0001829
28459124	266	293	agricultural sustainability	T169	C0205245
28459124	295	317	Assessing and managing	T052	C0441655
28459124	325	332	disease	T047	C0012634
28459124	333	338	risks	T078	C0035647
28459124	378	422	contemporary and historical emergence events	T051	C0441471
28459124	445	459	potato growers	T097	C0027363
28459124	467	488	western United States	T083	C0041703
28459124	490	496	Mexico	T083	C0025885
28459124	502	517	Central America	T083	C0007674
28459124	542	552	yield loss	T081	C0392762
28459124	558	576	Zebra Chip disease	T047	C0012634
28459124	610	621	insecticide	T131	C0021576
28459124	638	649	populations	T098	C1257890
28459124	657	670	insect vector	T204	C0021573
28459124	676	690	potato psyllid	T204	C1502411
28459124	692	714	Bactericera cockerelli	T204	C1502411
28459124	716	725	Hemiptera	T204	C0018992
28459124	727	736	Triozidae	T204	C1007295
28459124	768	778	Zebra Chip	T047	C0012634
28459124	779	788	outbreaks	T067	C0012652
28459124	844	854	hypotheses	T078	C1512571
28459124	863	876	B. cockerelli	T204	C1502411
28459124	877	886	occupancy	T080	C2827063
28459124	891	900	increased	T081	C0205217
28459124	915	922	century	T121,T127	C0719214
28459124	926	936	California	T083	C0006754
28459124	974	988	climate change	T070	C2718051
28459124	1003	1017	warmer winters	T079	C0241737
28459124	1033	1040	dataset	T170	C0150098
28459124	1051	1057	museum	T073	C0026863
28459124	1058	1066	specimen	T167	C0370003
28459124	1078	1085	records	T170	C0034869
28459124	1103	1112	Hemiptera	T204	C0018992
28459124	1154	1162	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28459124	1174	1187	B. cockerelli	T204	C1502411
28459124	1209	1237	hierarchical occupancy model	T170	C3161035
28459124	1266	1273	species	T185	C1705920
28459124	1266	1279	species lists	T170	C0745732
28459124	1323	1331	evidence	T078	C3887511
28459124	1337	1350	B. cockerelli	T204	C1502411
28459124	1351	1360	occupancy	T080	C2827063
28459124	1365	1374	increased	T081	C0205217
28459124	1389	1396	century	T121,T127	C0719214
28459124	1447	1462	climate changes	T070	C2718051
28459124	1493	1501	analysis	T062	C0936012
28459124	1522	1529	species	T185	C1705920
28459124	1530	1539	occupancy	T080	C2827063
28459124	1569	1577	analysis	T062	C0936012
28459124	1626	1636	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28459124	1642	1655	B. cockerelli	T204	C1502411
28459124	1656	1666	population	T098	C1257890
28459124	1681	1690	increased	T081	C0205217
28459124	1727	1740	B. cockerelli	T204	C1502411
28459124	1741	1751	population	T098	C1257890
28459124	1752	1760	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28459124	1764	1774	Zebra Chip	T047	C0012634
28459124	1764	1784	Zebra Chip epidemics	T047	C0277548
28459124	1819	1855	historical macro-ecological approach	T082	C0449445
28459124	1889	1916	comparative risk assessment	T058	C0086930
28459124	1927	1931	pest	T204	C0684063
28459124	1936	1949	insect vector	T204	C0021573
28459124	1950	1959	outbreaks	T067	C0012652

28459391|t|Nordic Walking Improves Gait Power Profiles at the Knee Joint in Parkinson's Disease
28459391|a|We investigated the impact of Nordic Walking (NW) on gait patterns in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) following a 6-week NW familiarization. Twelve participants with PD and healthy older adults took part in a gait analysis walking with and without poles (NP). Results showed larger knee power (knee extensor: K2) on the most affected leg in NW compared to NP (P=0.01). On the less affected side, larger power absorption (knee extensor: K3) was found during pre - swing (K3) compared to older adults in both NP and NW (P=0.01). NW showed longer stride length and single support time (P<0.01) compared to NP. Walking with poles improved gait spatial - temporal characteristics and power profile s at the knee joint both on the less and most affected sides in individuals with PD. NW could be beneficial to help regain a more functional gait pattern in PD.
28459391	0	14	Nordic Walking	T056	C0080331
28459391	15	23	Improves	T033	C0184511
28459391	24	28	Gait	T033	C0016928
28459391	29	34	Power	T081	C1442080
28459391	35	43	Profiles	T169	C2003903
28459391	51	61	Knee Joint	T030	C0022745
28459391	65	84	Parkinson's Disease	T047	C0030567
28459391	88	100	investigated	T058	C0220825
28459391	105	111	impact	T080	C4049986
28459391	115	129	Nordic Walking	T056	C0080331
28459391	131	133	NW	T056	C0080331
28459391	138	151	gait patterns	T040	C2371258
28459391	155	166	individuals	T098	C0237401
28459391	172	191	Parkinson's disease	T047	C0030567
28459391	193	195	PD	T047	C0030567
28459391	197	206	following	T079	C0332282
28459391	216	218	NW	T056	C0080331
28459391	243	255	participants	T098	C0679646
28459391	261	263	PD	T047	C0030567
28459391	268	275	healthy	T080	C3898900
28459391	276	288	older adults	T098	C0001792
28459391	304	308	gait	T033	C0016928
28459391	309	317	analysis	T062	C0936012
28459391	318	325	walking	T056	C0080331
28459391	343	348	poles	T074	C0182182
28459391	350	352	NP	T074	C0182182
28459391	355	362	Results	T033	C0683954
28459391	370	376	larger	T081	C0549177
28459391	377	381	knee	T023	C0022742
28459391	382	387	power	T081	C1442080
28459391	389	402	knee extensor	T023	C0581537
28459391	415	419	most	T081	C0205393
28459391	420	428	affected	T169	C0392760
28459391	429	432	leg	T023	C1140621
28459391	436	438	NW	T056	C0080331
28459391	439	447	compared	T052	C1707455
28459391	451	453	NP	T074	C0182182
28459391	471	475	less	T081	C0439092
28459391	476	484	affected	T169	C0392760
28459391	491	497	larger	T081	C0549177
28459391	498	503	power	T081	C1442080
28459391	504	514	absorption	T070	C0000854
28459391	516	529	knee extensor	T023	C0581537
28459391	552	555	pre	T079	C0332152
28459391	558	563	swing	T033	C2039052
28459391	569	577	compared	T052	C1707455
28459391	581	593	older adults	T098	C0001792
28459391	602	604	NP	T074	C0182182
28459391	609	611	NW	T056	C0080331
28459391	622	624	NW	T056	C0080331
28459391	632	652	longer stride length	T033	C2048876
28459391	657	663	single	T081	C0205171
28459391	664	671	support	T077	C1521721
28459391	672	676	time	T079	C0040223
28459391	686	694	compared	T052	C1707455
28459391	698	700	NP	T074	C0182182
28459391	702	709	Walking	T056	C0080331
28459391	715	720	poles	T074	C0182182
28459391	721	729	improved	T033	C0184511
28459391	730	734	gait	T033	C0016928
28459391	735	742	spatial	T082	C1704322
28459391	745	753	temporal	T079	C2362314
28459391	754	769	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28459391	774	779	power	T081	C1442080
28459391	780	787	profile	T169	C2003903
28459391	797	807	knee joint	T030	C0022745
28459391	820	824	less	T081	C0439092
28459391	829	833	most	T081	C0205393
28459391	834	842	affected	T169	C0392760
28459391	852	863	individuals	T098	C0237401
28459391	869	871	PD	T047	C0030567
28459391	873	875	NW	T056	C0080331
28459391	885	895	beneficial	T081	C0814225
28459391	904	910	regain	T081	C1517378
28459391	918	941	functional gait pattern	T040	C2371258
28459391	945	947	PD	T047	C0030567

28459420|t|Is Total Elbow Arthroplasty Safe as an Outpatient Procedure?
28459420|a|Ambulatory surgery centers are the preferred setting for many procedures formerly performed in a hospital setting. This study sought to determine whether outpatient total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is as safe as inpatient TEA. A retrospective analysis was performed of inpatient (IP) versus outpatient (OP) TEA by a single surgeon over a period of 18 years. Demographic, social, and comorbidity measures as well as complication rates were analyzed and stratified by IP or OP status. Bivariate comparison showed increased prevalence of coronary artery disease in the OP group (32% vs. 7%) and increased age in the IP group (68 years vs. 58 years). All other demographic, social, and comorbidity factors were comparable between the IP and OP groups, although more infections were seen in the IP group. The surgeons' initial learning curve occurred mostly within the IP group. Most important, no difference in complication rate was observed between the IP and OP groups.
28459420	3	27	Total Elbow Arthroplasty	T061	C0186781
28459420	28	32	Safe	T068	C0036043
28459420	39	59	Outpatient Procedure	T061	C1299353
28459420	61	87	Ambulatory surgery centers	T073,T093	C1321139
28459420	96	113	preferred setting	T073,T093	C0815184
28459420	123	133	procedures	T169	C2700391
28459420	143	152	performed	T169	C0884358
28459420	158	166	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28459420	167	174	setting	T073,T093	C0815184
28459420	181	186	study	T062	C2603343
28459420	215	225	outpatient	T101	C0029921
28459420	226	250	total elbow arthroplasty	T061	C0186781
28459420	252	255	TEA	T061	C0186781
28459420	263	267	safe	T068	C0036043
28459420	271	280	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28459420	281	284	TEA	T061	C0186781
28459420	288	310	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
28459420	315	324	performed	T169	C0884358
28459420	328	337	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28459420	339	341	IP	T101	C0021562
28459420	350	360	outpatient	T101	C0029921
28459420	362	364	OP	T101	C0029921
28459420	366	369	TEA	T061	C0186781
28459420	375	381	single	T081	C0205171
28459420	382	389	surgeon	T097	C0582175
28459420	410	415	years	T079	C0439234
28459420	417	428	Demographic	T062	C0011289
28459420	430	436	social	T080	C0699806
28459420	442	462	comorbidity measures	T081	C1516737
28459420	474	486	complication	T046	C0009566
28459420	487	492	rates	T081	C1521828
28459420	498	506	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28459420	511	521	stratified	T080	C0205363
28459420	525	527	IP	T101	C0021562
28459420	531	533	OP	T101	C0029921
28459420	534	540	status	T080	C0449438
28459420	542	562	Bivariate comparison	UnknownType	C0681927
28459420	570	579	increased	T081	C0205217
28459420	580	590	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28459420	594	617	coronary artery disease	T047	C1956346
28459420	625	627	OP	T101	C0029921
28459420	628	633	group	T098	C1257890
28459420	651	660	increased	T081	C0205217
28459420	661	664	age	T032	C0001779
28459420	672	674	IP	T101	C0021562
28459420	675	680	group	T098	C1257890
28459420	685	690	years	T079	C0439234
28459420	698	703	years	T079	C0439234
28459420	716	727	demographic	T062	C0011289
28459420	729	735	social	T080	C0699806
28459420	741	760	comorbidity factors	T081	C1516737
28459420	766	776	comparable	T052	C1707455
28459420	789	791	IP	T101	C0021562
28459420	796	798	OP	T101	C0029921
28459420	799	805	groups	T098	C1257890
28459420	816	820	more	T081	C0205172
28459420	821	831	infections	T046	C3714514
28459420	837	841	seen	T080	C0205397
28459420	849	851	IP	T101	C0021562
28459420	852	857	group	T098	C1257890
28459420	863	872	surgeons'	T097	C0582175
28459420	873	895	initial learning curve	T041	C2936637
28459420	896	904	occurred	T052	C1709305
28459420	923	925	IP	T101	C0021562
28459420	926	931	group	T098	C1257890
28459420	949	962	no difference	T033	C3842396
28459420	966	978	complication	T046	C0009566
28459420	979	983	rate	T081	C1521828
28459420	988	996	observed	T169	C1441672
28459420	1009	1011	IP	T101	C0021562
28459420	1016	1018	OP	T101	C0029921
28459420	1019	1025	groups	T098	C1257890

28459654|t|Developmental Hypoxia Has Negligible Effects on Long-Term Hypoxia Tolerance and Aerobic Metabolism of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)
28459654|a|Exposure to developmental hypoxia can have long-term impacts on the physiological performance of fish because of irreversible plasticity. Wild and captive-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) can be exposed to hypoxic conditions during development and continue to experience fluctuating oxygen levels as juveniles and adults. Here, we examine whether developmental hypoxia impacts subsequent hypoxia tolerance and aerobic performance of Atlantic salmon. Individuals at 8°C were exposed to 50% (hypoxia) or 100% (normoxia) dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation (as percent of air saturation) from fertilization for ∼100 d (800 degree days) and then raised in normoxic conditions for a further 15 mo. At 18 mo after fertilization, aerobic scope was calculated in normoxia (100% DO) and acute (18 h) hypoxia (50% DO) from the difference between the minimum and maximum oxygen consumption rates ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively) at 10°C. Hypoxia tolerance was determined as the DO at which loss of equilibrium (LOE) occurred in a constantly decreasing DO environment. There was no difference in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], or aerobic scope between fish raised in hypoxia or normoxia. There was some evidence that hypoxia tolerance was lower (higher DO at LOE) in hypoxia - raised fish compared with those raised in normoxia, but the magnitude of the effect was small (12.52% DO vs. 11.73% DO at LOE). Acute hypoxia significantly reduced aerobic scope by reducing [Formula: see text], while [Formula: see text] remained unchanged. Interestingly, acute hypoxia uncovered individual -level relationships between DO at LOE and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and aerobic scope. We discuss our findings in the context of developmental trajectories and the role of aerobic performance in hypoxia tolerance.
28459654	0	13	Developmental	T080	C0458003
28459654	14	21	Hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	26	36	Negligible	T080	C0332269
28459654	37	44	Effects	T080	C1280500
28459654	48	57	Long-Term	T079	C0443252
28459654	58	65	Hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	66	75	Tolerance	T080	C1704410
28459654	80	98	Aerobic Metabolism	T043	C0282636
28459654	102	117	Atlantic Salmon	T013	C0327949
28459654	119	130	Salmo salar	T013	C0327949
28459654	132	143	Exposure to	T080	C0332157
28459654	144	157	developmental	T080	C0458003
28459654	158	165	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	175	184	long-term	T079	C0443252
28459654	185	192	impacts	T080	C4049986
28459654	200	213	physiological	T039	C0031845
28459654	214	225	performance	T052	C1882330
28459654	229	233	fish	T013	C0016163
28459654	245	257	irreversible	T169	C0205245
28459654	258	268	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28459654	270	274	Wild	T170	C0445392
28459654	279	293	captive-reared	T033	C0243095
28459654	294	309	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
28459654	311	322	Salmo salar	T013	C0327949
28459654	331	341	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28459654	342	349	hypoxic	T046	C0242184
28459654	350	360	conditions	T080	C0348080
28459654	368	379	development	T169	C1527148
28459654	384	392	continue	T078	C0549178
28459654	407	418	fluctuating	T079	C0231241
28459654	419	425	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28459654	426	432	levels	T080	C0441889
28459654	436	445	juveniles	T100	C3146221
28459654	450	456	adults	T100	C0001675
28459654	467	474	examine	T033	C0332128
28459654	483	496	developmental	T080	C0458003
28459654	497	504	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	505	512	impacts	T080	C4049986
28459654	513	523	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28459654	524	531	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	532	541	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28459654	546	553	aerobic	T080	C1510824
28459654	554	565	performance	T052	C1882330
28459654	569	584	Atlantic salmon	T013	C0327949
28459654	586	597	Individuals	T013	C0016163
28459654	610	620	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28459654	626	633	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	644	652	normoxia	T070	C0311411
28459654	654	686	dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation	T044	C0369768
28459654	702	716	air saturation	T070	C0522534
28459654	723	736	fertilization	T040	C3826354
28459654	775	781	raised	T080	C0442818
28459654	785	793	normoxic	T070	C0311411
28459654	794	804	conditions	T080	C0348080
28459654	841	854	fertilization	T040	C3826354
28459654	856	863	aerobic	T080	C1510824
28459654	864	869	scope	T077	C1710028
28459654	874	884	calculated	T052	C1441506
28459654	888	896	normoxia	T070	C0311411
28459654	903	905	DO	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28459654	911	916	acute	T079	C0205178
28459654	924	931	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	937	939	DO	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28459654	950	960	difference	T080	C1705242
28459654	973	980	minimum	T080	C1524031
28459654	985	992	maximum	T081	C0806909
28459654	993	1011	oxygen consumption	T201	C0030055
28459654	1012	1017	rates	T081	C1521828
28459654	1087	1094	Hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	1095	1104	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28459654	1109	1119	determined	T080	C0521095
28459654	1127	1129	DO	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28459654	1139	1158	loss of equilibrium	T184	C0278126
28459654	1160	1163	LOE	T184	C0278126
28459654	1165	1173	occurred	T052	C1709305
28459654	1190	1200	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28459654	1201	1203	DO	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28459654	1227	1240	no difference	T033	C3842396
28459654	1289	1296	aerobic	T080	C1510824
28459654	1297	1302	scope	T077	C1710028
28459654	1311	1315	fish	T013	C0016163
28459654	1316	1322	raised	T080	C0442818
28459654	1326	1333	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	1337	1345	normoxia	T070	C0311411
28459654	1362	1370	evidence	T078	C3887511
28459654	1376	1383	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	1384	1393	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28459654	1398	1403	lower	T052	C2003888
28459654	1412	1414	DO	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28459654	1418	1421	LOE	T184	C0278126
28459654	1426	1433	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	1436	1442	raised	T080	C0442818
28459654	1443	1447	fish	T013	C0016163
28459654	1468	1474	raised	T080	C0442818
28459654	1478	1486	normoxia	T070	C0311411
28459654	1496	1505	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28459654	1513	1519	effect	T080	C1280500
28459654	1524	1529	small	T081	C0700321
28459654	1538	1540	DO	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28459654	1552	1554	DO	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28459654	1558	1561	LOE	T184	C0278126
28459654	1564	1569	Acute	T079	C0205178
28459654	1570	1577	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	1592	1599	reduced	T080	C0392756
28459654	1600	1607	aerobic	T080	C1510824
28459654	1608	1613	scope	T077	C1710028
28459654	1617	1625	reducing	T080	C0392756
28459654	1682	1691	unchanged	T033	C0442739
28459654	1708	1713	acute	T079	C0205178
28459654	1714	1721	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	1732	1742	individual	T013	C0016163
28459654	1750	1763	relationships	T080	C0439849
28459654	1772	1774	DO	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28459654	1778	1781	LOE	T184	C0278126
28459654	1832	1839	aerobic	T080	C1510824
28459654	1840	1845	scope	T077	C1710028
28459654	1862	1870	findings	T169	C2607943
28459654	1889	1902	developmental	T080	C0458003
28459654	1932	1939	aerobic	T080	C1510824
28459654	1940	1951	performance	T052	C1882330
28459654	1955	1962	hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28459654	1963	1972	tolerance	T080	C1704410

28459977|t|GSuite HyperBrowser: integrative analysis of dataset collections across the genome and epigenome
28459977|a|Recent large-scale undertakings such as ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics have generated experimental data mapped to the human reference genome (as genomic tracks) representing a variety of functional elements across a large number of cell types. Despite the high potential value of these publicly available data for a broad variety of investigations, little attention has been given to the analytical methodology necessary for their widespread utilisation. We here present a first principled treatment of the analysis of collections of genomic tracks. We have developed novel computational and statistical methodology to permit comparative and confirmatory analyses across multiple and disparate data sources. We delineate a set of generic questions that are useful across a broad range of investigations and discuss the implications of choosing different statistical measures and null models. Examples include contrasting analyses across different tissues or diseases. The methodology has been implemented in a comprehensive open-source software system, the GSuite HyperBrowser. To make the functionality accessible to biologists, and to facilitate reproducible analysis, we have also developed a web-based interface providing an expertly guided and customizable way of utilizing the methodology. With this system, many novel biological questions can flexibly be posed and rapidly answered. Through a combination of streamlined data acquisition, interoperable representation of dataset collections and customizable statistical analysis with guided setup and interpretation, the GSuite HyperBrowser represents a first comprehensive solution for integrative analysis of track collections across the genome and epigenome. The software is available at: https://hyperbrowser.uio.no.
28459977	0	19	GSuite HyperBrowser	T170	C3658317
28459977	21	41	integrative analysis	T062	C0936012
28459977	45	64	dataset collections	T062	C0010995
28459977	76	82	genome	T028	C0017428
28459977	87	96	epigenome	T028	C0017428
28459977	137	143	ENCODE	T170	C0014095
28459977	148	167	Roadmap Epigenomics	T170	C0282574
28459977	183	195	experimental	T080	C1517586
28459977	201	220	mapped to the human	T062	C1517491
28459977	231	237	genome	T028	C0017428
28459977	242	256	genomic tracks	T028	C0017428
28459977	284	294	functional	T169	C0205245
28459977	329	339	cell types	T170	C0449475
28459977	402	406	data	T078	C1511726
28459977	430	444	investigations	T080	C1517586
28459977	485	507	analytical methodology	T170	C0969625
28459977	587	596	treatment	T061	C0087111
28459977	604	612	analysis	T062	C0936012
28459977	616	627	collections	T062	C0010995
28459977	631	645	genomic tracks	T028	C0017428
28459977	671	684	computational	T170	C0009627
28459977	689	712	statistical methodology	T170	C0038208
28459977	723	734	comparative	T062	C0683941
28459977	739	760	confirmatory analyses	T080	C0870334
28459977	768	776	multiple	T081	C0439064
28459977	791	803	data sources	T081	C0011001
28459977	827	844	generic questions	T170	C1522634
28459977	885	899	investigations	T080	C1517586
28459977	951	971	statistical measures	T081	C0871425
28459977	976	987	null models	T170	C3161035
28459977	1018	1026	analyses	T062	C0936012
28459977	1044	1051	tissues	T024	C0040300
28459977	1055	1063	diseases	T047	C0012634
28459977	1069	1080	methodology	T170	C0969625
28459977	1107	1120	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28459977	1121	1148	open-source software system	T170	C0282574
28459977	1154	1173	GSuite HyperBrowser	T170	C3658317
28459977	1187	1200	functionality	T169	C0205245
28459977	1215	1225	biologists	T097	C0334861
28459977	1245	1266	reproducible analysis	T062	C0936012
28459977	1293	1312	web-based interface	T170	C0282574
28459977	1326	1341	expertly guided	T097	C0181090
28459977	1380	1391	methodology	T170	C0969625
28459977	1403	1409	system	T169	C0449913
28459977	1422	1432	biological	T080	C0205460
28459977	1433	1442	questions	T170	C1522634
28459977	1524	1528	data	T078	C1511726
28459977	1574	1593	dataset collections	T062	C0010995
28459977	1611	1631	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28459977	1637	1643	guided	T097	C0181090
28459977	1674	1693	GSuite HyperBrowser	T170	C3658317
28459977	1713	1726	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28459977	1740	1760	integrative analysis	T062	C0936012
28459977	1764	1781	track collections	T170	C0600644
28459977	1793	1799	genome	T028	C0017428
28459977	1804	1813	epigenome	T028	C0017428
28459977	1819	1827	software	T073,T170	C0037585
28459977	1845	1872	https://hyperbrowser.uio.no	T170	C2349146

28459980|t|Genome Mutational and Transcriptional Hotspots Are Traps for Duplicated Genes and Sources of Adaptations
28459980|a|Gene duplication generates new genetic material, which has been shown to lead to major innovations in unicellular and multicellular organisms. A whole - genome duplication occurred in the ancestor of Saccharomyces yeast species but 92% of duplicates returned to single-copy genes shortly after duplication. The persisting duplicated genes in Saccharomyces led to the origin of major metabolic innovations, which have been the source of the unique biotechnological capabilities in the Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. What factors have determined the fate of duplicated genes remains unknown. Here, we report the first demonstration that the local genome mutation and transcription rates determine the fate of duplicates. We show, for the first time, a preferential location of duplicated genes in the mutational and transcriptional hotspots of S. cerevisiae genome. The mechanism of duplication matters, with whole - genome duplicates exhibiting different preservation trends compared to small-scale duplicates. Genome mutational and transcriptional hotspots are rich in duplicates with large repetitive promoter elements. Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows more tolerance to deleterious mutations in duplicates with repetitive promoter elements, which in turn exhibit higher transcriptional plasticity against environmental perturbations. Our data demonstrate that the genome traps duplicates through the accelerated regulatory and functional divergence of their gene copies providing a source of novel adaptations in yeast.
28459980	0	6	Genome	T028	C0017428
28459980	7	17	Mutational	T045	C0026882
28459980	22	37	Transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28459980	38	46	Hotspots	T086	C2986491
28459980	61	71	Duplicated	T169	C0332597
28459980	72	77	Genes	T028	C0017337
28459980	82	89	Sources	T033	C0449416
28459980	93	104	Adaptations	T038	C0392673
28459980	105	121	Gene duplication	T045	C0017261
28459980	132	135	new	T080	C0205314
28459980	136	152	genetic material	T028	C0440471
28459980	207	218	unicellular	T001	C0445623
28459980	223	246	multicellular organisms	T001	C0029235
28459980	250	255	whole	T081	C0444667
28459980	258	264	genome	T028	C0017428
28459980	265	276	duplication	T169	C0332597
28459980	293	301	ancestor	T099	C0870134
28459980	305	332	Saccharomyces yeast species	T004	C0772093
28459980	344	354	duplicates	T169	C0205173
28459980	367	384	single-copy genes	T028	C0017337
28459980	399	410	duplication	T169	C0332597
28459980	427	437	duplicated	T169	C0332597
28459980	438	443	genes	T028	C0017337
28459980	447	460	Saccharomyces	T004	C0036024
28459980	472	478	origin	T079	C0439659
28459980	488	497	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28459980	531	537	source	T033	C0449416
28459980	545	551	unique	T080	C1710548
28459980	552	568	biotechnological	T091	C0005574
28459980	569	581	capabilities	T080	C2698977
28459980	589	627	Baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28459980	634	641	factors	T169	C1521761
28459980	670	680	duplicated	T169	C0332597
28459980	681	686	genes	T028	C0017337
28459980	713	719	report	T058	C0700287
28459980	753	758	local	T082	C0205276
28459980	759	765	genome	T028	C0017428
28459980	766	774	mutation	T045	C0026882
28459980	779	792	transcription	T045	C0040649
28459980	793	798	rates	T081	C1521828
28459980	821	831	duplicates	T169	C0205173
28459980	877	885	location	T082	C0450429
28459980	889	899	duplicated	T169	C0332597
28459980	900	905	genes	T028	C0017337
28459980	913	923	mutational	T045	C0026882
28459980	928	943	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28459980	944	952	hotspots	T086	C2986491
28459980	956	969	S. cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28459980	970	976	genome	T028	C0017428
28459980	982	991	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28459980	995	1006	duplication	T169	C0332597
28459980	1021	1026	whole	T081	C0444667
28459980	1029	1035	genome	T028	C0017428
28459980	1036	1046	duplicates	T169	C0205173
28459980	1058	1067	different	T080	C1705242
28459980	1100	1111	small-scale	T081	C0700321
28459980	1112	1122	duplicates	T169	C0205173
28459980	1124	1130	Genome	T028	C0017428
28459980	1131	1141	mutational	T045	C0026882
28459980	1146	1161	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28459980	1162	1170	hotspots	T086	C2986491
28459980	1183	1193	duplicates	T169	C0205173
28459980	1199	1204	large	T081	C0549177
28459980	1216	1233	promoter elements	T114,T123	C0086860
28459980	1235	1259	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	T004	C0036025
28459980	1271	1280	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28459980	1284	1305	deleterious mutations	T049	C2985436
28459980	1309	1319	duplicates	T169	C0205173
28459980	1336	1353	promoter elements	T114,T123	C0086860
28459980	1384	1399	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28459980	1400	1410	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28459980	1419	1432	environmental	T082	C0014406
28459980	1433	1446	perturbations	T169	C0332453
28459980	1452	1456	data	T078	C1511726
28459980	1478	1484	genome	T028	C0017428
28459980	1491	1501	duplicates	T169	C0205173
28459980	1514	1525	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28459980	1526	1536	regulatory	T077	C1704735
28459980	1541	1562	functional divergence	T169	C0205245
28459980	1572	1583	gene copies	T028	C0017337
28459980	1596	1602	source	T033	C0449416
28459980	1606	1611	novel	T080	C0205314
28459980	1612	1623	adaptations	T038	C0392673
28459980	1627	1632	yeast	T004	C0036025

28460030|t|Subcutaneous cardioverter defibrillator has longer time to therapy but is less cardiotoxic than transvenous cardioverter defibrillator. Study carried out in a preclinical porcine model
28460030|a|Totally subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) delivers higher shock energy and can have longer time to therapy compared to transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (T-ICD). Aim of the study was to compare time to therapy and to investigate cardiac, cerebral and systemic injuries of S-ICD and T-ICD shocks delivered after ventricular fibrillation (VF) induction. Fourteen pigs were randomly implanted with a S-ICD (n = 7) or a T-ICD (n = 7). Five VF episodes were induced in each pig. For each VF episode, up to two shocks could be delivered by the T-ICD or the S-ICD to terminate the arrhythmia. Cardiac, systemic, and cerebral toxicity were monitored. Mean time to therapy was longer in the S-ICD group compared to the T-ICD group (19[18; 23] s vs. 9 [7; 10] s; P = 0.001, respectively). High-sensitivity troponin T levels were significantly higher in the T-ICD group from 1 to 24 h after the procedure (P ≤ 0.02). Creatine phosphokinase activity levels were significantly higher in the S-ICD group, at 3, 6, and 24 h after the procedure (P ≤ 0.05). Lactate levels were not significantly different between groups. S100 protein level was similar in both groups at 1 h after the procedure and then decreased in the T-ICD group compared to the S-ICD group (P = 0.04). Time to therapy in S-ICD was twice as long as for T-ICD, but didn't induce relevant brain injury. Conversely, S-ICD shocks were less cardiotoxic than T-ICD shocks.
28460030	0	39	Subcutaneous cardioverter defibrillator	T074	C3694431
28460030	44	50	longer	T080	C0205166
28460030	51	55	time	T079	C0040223
28460030	59	66	therapy	T061	C0087111
28460030	79	90	cardiotoxic	T037	C0876994
28460030	96	134	transvenous cardioverter defibrillator	T074	C0810516
28460030	136	141	Study	T062	C2603343
28460030	159	170	preclinical	T080	C1709630
28460030	193	244	subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator	T074	C3694431
28460030	246	251	S-ICD	T074	C3694431
28460030	262	281	higher shock energy	T033	C1536257
28460030	295	301	longer	T080	C0205166
28460030	302	306	time	T079	C0040223
28460030	310	317	therapy	T061	C0087111
28460030	318	326	compared	T052	C1707455
28460030	330	380	transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator	T074	C0810516
28460030	382	387	T-ICD	T074	C0810516
28460030	401	406	study	T062	C2603343
28460030	414	421	compare	T052	C1707455
28460030	422	426	time	T079	C0040223
28460030	430	437	therapy	T061	C0087111
28460030	445	456	investigate	T169	C1292732
28460030	457	464	cardiac	T037	C0178314
28460030	466	474	cerebral	T037	C0270611
28460030	479	496	systemic injuries	T037	C0178314
28460030	500	505	S-ICD	T074	C3694431
28460030	510	515	T-ICD	T074	C0810516
28460030	516	522	shocks	T033	C1536257
28460030	539	563	ventricular fibrillation	T047	C0042510
28460030	565	567	VF	T047	C0042510
28460030	569	578	induction	T169	C0205263
28460030	589	593	pigs	T015	C3665571
28460030	599	607	randomly	T080	C0439605
28460030	608	617	implanted	T033	C2828363
28460030	625	630	S-ICD	T074	C3694431
28460030	644	649	T-ICD	T074	C0810516
28460030	664	666	VF	T047	C0042510
28460030	697	700	pig	T015	C3665571
28460030	711	713	VF	T047	C0042510
28460030	733	739	shocks	T033	C1536257
28460030	766	771	T-ICD	T074	C0810516
28460030	779	784	S-ICD	T074	C3694431
28460030	802	812	arrhythmia	T033	C0003811
28460030	814	821	Cardiac	T037	C0876994
28460030	823	831	systemic	T037	C0600688
28460030	837	854	cerebral toxicity	T037	C0270611
28460030	876	880	time	T079	C0040223
28460030	884	891	therapy	T061	C0087111
28460030	896	902	longer	T080	C0205166
28460030	910	915	S-ICD	T074	C3694431
28460030	916	921	group	T078	C0441833
28460030	922	930	compared	T052	C1707455
28460030	938	943	T-ICD	T074	C0810516
28460030	944	949	group	T078	C0441833
28460030	1007	1034	High-sensitivity troponin T	T059	C3827339
28460030	1035	1041	levels	T080	C0441889
28460030	1075	1080	T-ICD	T074	C0810516
28460030	1081	1086	group	T078	C0441833
28460030	1100	1101	h	T079	C0439227
28460030	1112	1121	procedure	T061	C0087111
28460030	1134	1165	Creatine phosphokinase activity	T044	C1150462
28460030	1166	1172	levels	T080	C0441889
28460030	1206	1211	S-ICD	T074	C3694431
28460030	1212	1217	group	T078	C0441833
28460030	1235	1236	h	T079	C0439227
28460030	1247	1256	procedure	T061	C0087111
28460030	1269	1283	Lactate levels	T034	C1304767
28460030	1325	1331	groups	T078	C0441833
28460030	1333	1345	S100 protein	T116,T123	C0027758
28460030	1372	1378	groups	T078	C0441833
28460030	1384	1385	h	T079	C0439227
28460030	1396	1405	procedure	T061	C0087111
28460030	1432	1437	T-ICD	T074	C0810516
28460030	1438	1443	group	T078	C0441833
28460030	1444	1452	compared	T052	C1707455
28460030	1460	1465	S-ICD	T074	C3694431
28460030	1466	1471	group	T078	C0441833
28460030	1492	1499	therapy	T061	C0087111
28460030	1503	1508	S-ICD	T074	C3694431
28460030	1534	1539	T-ICD	T074	C0810516
28460030	1568	1580	brain injury	T037	C0270611
28460030	1594	1599	S-ICD	T074	C3694431
28460030	1600	1606	shocks	T033	C1536257
28460030	1617	1628	cardiotoxic	T037	C0876994
28460030	1634	1639	T-ICD	T074	C0810516
28460030	1640	1646	shocks	T033	C1536257

28460054|t|Effect of halotolerant rhizobacteria isolated from halophytes on the growth of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L .) under salt stress
28460054|a|Utilization of rhizobacteria that have associated with plant roots in harsh environments could be a feasible strategy to deal with limits to agricultural production caused by soil salinity. Halophytes occur naturally in high - salt environments, and their roots may be associated with promising microbial candidates for promoting growth and salt tolerance in crops. This study aimed to isolate efficient halotolerant plant - growth - promoting rhizobacterial strains from halophytes and evaluate their activity and effects on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L .) growth under salinity stress. A total of 23 isolates were initially screened for their ability to secrete 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACD) as well as other plant-growth - promoting characteristics and subsequently identified by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. Three isolates, identified as Micrococcus yunnanensis, Planococcus rifietoensis and Variovorax paradoxus, enhanced salt stress tolerance remarkably in sugar beet, resulting in greater seed germination and plant biomass, higher photosynthetic capacity and lower stress - induced ethylene production at different NaCl concentrations (50-125 mM). These results demonstrate that salinity - adapted, ACD -producing bacteria isolated from halophytes could promote sugar beet growth under saline stress conditions.
28460054	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
28460054	10	36	halotolerant rhizobacteria	T007	C0004611
28460054	37	45	isolated	T169	C0205409
28460054	51	61	halophytes	T002	C2350261
28460054	69	75	growth	T040	C0018270
28460054	79	89	sugar beet	T002	C0330391
28460054	91	106	Beta vulgaris L	T002	C0330391
28460054	116	127	salt stress	T043	C1154956
28460054	128	139	Utilization	T169	C0042153
28460054	143	156	rhizobacteria	T007	C0004611
28460054	167	182	associated with	T080	C0332281
28460054	183	194	plant roots	T002	C0242726
28460054	198	203	harsh	T033	C4068826
28460054	204	216	environments	T082	C0014406
28460054	228	245	feasible strategy	T062	C0035171
28460054	269	292	agricultural production	T090	C0001827
28460054	303	307	soil	T167	C0037592
28460054	308	316	salinity	T034	C1956027
28460054	318	328	Halophytes	T002	C2350261
28460054	348	352	high	T080	C0205250
28460054	355	372	salt environments	T082	C0178838
28460054	384	389	roots	T002	C0242726
28460054	397	412	associated with	T080	C0332281
28460054	423	443	microbial candidates	T001	C0599840
28460054	448	457	promoting	T052	C0033414
28460054	458	464	growth	T040	C0018270
28460054	469	483	salt tolerance	T043	C1752460
28460054	487	492	crops	T002	C0242775
28460054	499	504	study	T062	C2603343
28460054	514	521	isolate	T169	C0205409
28460054	532	550	halotolerant plant	T002	C2350260
28460054	553	559	growth	T040	C0597252
28460054	562	571	promoting	T052	C0033414
28460054	572	586	rhizobacterial	T080	C0521009
28460054	587	594	strains	T001	C1518614
28460054	600	610	halophytes	T002	C2350261
28460054	615	623	evaluate	T052	C1516048
28460054	630	638	activity	T052	C0441655
28460054	643	650	effects	T080	C1280500
28460054	654	664	sugar beet	T002	C0330391
28460054	666	681	Beta vulgaris L	T002	C0330391
28460054	685	691	growth	T040	C0018270
28460054	698	713	salinity stress	T043	C1154956
28460054	729	737	isolates	T123	C1764827
28460054	772	779	ability	T032	C0085732
28460054	791	834	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase	T116,T126	C0044278
28460054	836	839	ACD	T116,T126	C0044278
28460054	858	870	plant-growth	T040	C0597252
28460054	873	882	promoting	T052	C0033414
28460054	883	898	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28460054	916	926	identified	T080	C0205396
28460054	930	940	sequencing	T169	C1561491
28460054	945	953	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
28460054	954	958	gene	T028	C0017337
28460054	966	974	isolates	T123	C1764827
28460054	990	1013	Micrococcus yunnanensis	T007	C2766719
28460054	1015	1039	Planococcus rifietoensis	T007	C1483193
28460054	1044	1064	Variovorax paradoxus	T007	C0314842
28460054	1066	1074	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28460054	1075	1086	salt stress	T043	C1154956
28460054	1087	1096	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28460054	1111	1121	sugar beet	T002	C0330391
28460054	1123	1135	resulting in	T169	C0332294
28460054	1136	1143	greater	T081	C1704243
28460054	1144	1160	seed germination	T040	C1160189
28460054	1165	1170	plant	T002	C0032098
28460054	1171	1178	biomass	T081	C0005535
28460054	1180	1186	higher	T080	C0205250
28460054	1187	1201	photosynthetic	T070	C0031764
28460054	1202	1210	capacity	T081	C1516240
28460054	1215	1220	lower	T080	C0205251
28460054	1221	1227	stress	T033	C0038435
28460054	1230	1237	induced	T169	C0205263
28460054	1238	1246	ethylene	T109,T121	C0015075
28460054	1247	1257	production	T169	C0005572
28460054	1261	1270	different	T080	C1705242
28460054	1271	1275	NaCl	T121,T123,T197	C0037494
28460054	1276	1290	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28460054	1310	1317	results	T169	C1274040
28460054	1335	1343	salinity	T034	C1956027
28460054	1346	1353	adapted	T038	C0392673
28460054	1355	1358	ACD	T116,T126	C0044278
28460054	1370	1378	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28460054	1379	1387	isolated	T169	C0205409
28460054	1393	1403	halophytes	T002	C2350261
28460054	1410	1417	promote	T052	C0033414
28460054	1418	1428	sugar beet	T002	C0330391
28460054	1429	1435	growth	T040	C0018270
28460054	1442	1466	saline stress conditions	T043	C1154956

28460374|t|LDL particle number and size and cardiovascular risk: anything new under the sun?
28460374|a|We provide here an up-to-date perspective on the potential use of LDL particle number and size as complementary risk factors to predict and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the clinical realm. Studies show that a significant proportion of the population has discordant LDL particle number and cholesterol indices [non-HDL cholesterol (HDL-C)]. Data also show that risk prediction may be improved when using information on LDL particle number in patients with discordant particle number and cholesterol data. Yet, most of the current CVD guidelines conclude that LDL particle number is not superior to cholesterol indices, including non-HDL-C concentrations, in predicting CVD risk. LDL particle size, on the other hand, has not been independently associated with CVD risk after adjustment for other risk factors such as LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-C and that routine use of information pertaining to particle size to determine and manage patients' risk is not yet justified. Additional studies are required to settle the debate on which of cholesterol indices and LDL particle number is the best predictor of CVD risk, and if such measures should be integrated in clinical practice.
28460374	0	3	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
28460374	4	19	particle number	T081	C0392762
28460374	24	28	size	T081	C0030608
28460374	33	47	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28460374	48	52	risk	T078	C0035647
28460374	131	140	potential	T080	C3245505
28460374	141	144	use	T169	C0457083
28460374	148	151	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
28460374	152	167	particle number	T081	C0392762
28460374	172	176	size	T081	C0030608
28460374	194	206	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28460374	229	251	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28460374	253	256	CVD	T047	C0007222
28460374	258	262	risk	T078	C0035647
28460374	270	278	clinical	T080	C0205210
28460374	286	293	Studies	T062	C0008972
28460374	306	317	significant	T078	C0750502
28460374	318	328	proportion	T081	C1709707
28460374	336	346	population	T098	C1257890
28460374	351	361	discordant	T077	C3639994
28460374	362	365	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
28460374	366	381	particle number	T081	C0392762
28460374	386	397	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28460374	398	405	indices	T170	C0918012
28460374	407	426	non-HDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0729627
28460374	428	433	HDL-C	T109,T123	C0023822
28460374	500	511	information	T078	C1533716
28460374	515	518	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
28460374	519	534	particle number	T081	C0392762
28460374	538	546	patients	T101	C0030705
28460374	552	562	discordant	T077	C3639994
28460374	563	578	particle number	T081	C0392762
28460374	583	594	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28460374	626	629	CVD	T047	C0007222
28460374	630	640	guidelines	T170	C0282451
28460374	655	658	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
28460374	659	674	particle number	T081	C0392762
28460374	694	705	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28460374	706	713	indices	T170	C0918012
28460374	725	734	non-HDL-C	T109,T123	C0729627
28460374	735	749	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28460374	765	768	CVD	T047	C0007222
28460374	769	773	risk	T078	C0035647
28460374	775	778	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
28460374	779	792	particle size	T081	C0030608
28460374	840	855	associated with	T080	C0332281
28460374	856	859	CVD	T047	C0007222
28460374	860	864	risk	T078	C0035647
28460374	871	881	adjustment	T169	C0456081
28460374	892	904	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28460374	913	928	LDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
28460374	930	943	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28460374	949	954	HDL-C	T109,T123	C0023822
28460374	979	990	information	T078	C1533716
28460374	1005	1018	particle size	T081	C0030608
28460374	1043	1052	patients'	T101	C0030705
28460374	1053	1057	risk	T078	C0035647
28460374	1080	1090	Additional	T169	C1524062
28460374	1091	1098	studies	T062	C0008972
28460374	1126	1132	debate	T052	C0870392
28460374	1145	1156	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28460374	1157	1164	indices	T170	C0918012
28460374	1169	1172	LDL	T109,T123	C0023823
28460374	1173	1188	particle number	T081	C0392762
28460374	1214	1217	CVD	T047	C0007222
28460374	1218	1222	risk	T078	C0035647
28460374	1236	1244	measures	T081	C0079809
28460374	1269	1286	clinical practice	T061	C0087111

28460474|t|TT genotype of rs2941484 in the human HNF4G gene is associated with hyperuricemia in Chinese Han men
28460474|a|The aim of the study is to investigate the association between the human hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G) gene and hyperuricemia in Chinese Han population. A total of 414 hyperuricemia patients and 406 gender and age -matched normouricemic controls were enrolled. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped as genetic markers for the human HNF4G gene (rs2977939, rs1805098, rs2941484, rs4735692). Data were analyzed for two separate groups: men and women. For rs2941484, the genotype distribution frequency in hyperuricemic subjects and was significantly different from that in normouricemic controls in men (P = 0.038). Meanwhile, in recessive model of rs2941484, the distribution frequency of TT genotype and CC+CT genotypes also differed significantly between the hyperuricemia men and normouricemic men (P = 0.011). For the other 3 SNPs in both men and women, there was no difference in the genotype and allele and distribution frequency between the hyperuricemia patients and normouricemic controls. In men, after adjustments for BMI, SBP, DBP, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and creatinine, the men with the TT genotype of rs2941484 were found to have significantly higher probability of suffering from hyperuricemia than the ones with CT and CC genotypes (OR = 2.170, P < 0.001). Therefore, TT genotype of rs2941484 in the human HNF4G gene might be a gender -specific genetic marker for hyperuricemia in Chinese Han men.
28460474	0	11	TT genotype	T032	C0017431
28460474	15	24	rs2941484	T028	C0017337
28460474	32	37	human	T016	C0086418
28460474	38	48	HNF4G gene	T028	C1415631
28460474	52	67	associated with	T080	C0332281
28460474	68	81	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
28460474	85	96	Chinese Han	UnknownType	C0814942
28460474	97	100	men	T098	C0025266
28460474	116	121	study	T062	C2603343
28460474	144	155	association	T080	C0439849
28460474	168	173	human	T016	C0086418
28460474	174	220	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma (HNF4G) gene	T028	C1415631
28460474	225	238	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
28460474	242	264	Chinese Han population	UnknownType	C0814942
28460474	281	294	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
28460474	295	303	patients	T101	C0030705
28460474	312	318	gender	T032	C0079399
28460474	323	326	age	T032	C0001779
28460474	336	358	normouricemic controls	T096	C0009932
28460474	379	410	single nucleotide polymorphisms	T086	C0752046
28460474	416	425	genotyped	T059,T063	C3178894
28460474	429	444	genetic markers	T045	C0017393
28460474	453	458	human	T016	C0086418
28460474	459	469	HNF4G gene	T028	C1415631
28460474	471	480	rs2977939	T028	C0017337
28460474	482	491	rs1805098	T028	C0017337
28460474	493	502	rs2941484	T028	C0017337
28460474	504	513	rs4735692	T028	C0017337
28460474	560	563	men	T098	C0025266
28460474	568	573	women	T098	C0043210
28460474	579	588	rs2941484	T028	C0017337
28460474	594	602	genotype	T032	C0017431
28460474	603	625	distribution frequency	T081	C0237580
28460474	629	642	hyperuricemic	T047	C0740394
28460474	643	651	subjects	T098	C0080105
28460474	697	719	normouricemic controls	T096	C0009932
28460474	723	726	men	T098	C0025266
28460474	754	769	recessive model	T170	C0026343
28460474	773	782	rs2941484	T028	C0017337
28460474	788	810	distribution frequency	T081	C0237580
28460474	814	825	TT genotype	T032	C0017431
28460474	830	845	CC+CT genotypes	T032	C0017431
28460474	886	899	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
28460474	900	903	men	T098	C0025266
28460474	908	921	normouricemic	T096	C0009932
28460474	922	925	men	T098	C0025266
28460474	955	959	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28460474	968	971	men	T098	C0025266
28460474	976	981	women	T098	C0043210
28460474	993	1006	no difference	T033	C3842396
28460474	1014	1022	genotype	T032	C0017431
28460474	1027	1033	allele	T028	C0002085
28460474	1038	1060	distribution frequency	T081	C0237580
28460474	1073	1086	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
28460474	1087	1095	patients	T101	C0030705
28460474	1100	1122	normouricemic controls	T096	C0009932
28460474	1127	1130	men	T098	C0025266
28460474	1138	1149	adjustments	T169	C0456081
28460474	1154	1157	BMI	T201	C1305855
28460474	1159	1162	SBP	T201	C0871470
28460474	1164	1167	DBP	T201	C0428883
28460474	1169	1184	fasting glucose	T034	C0428548
28460474	1186	1203	total cholesterol	T109	C0543421
28460474	1205	1218	triglycerides	T109,T123	C0041004
28460474	1220	1255	low density lipoprotein cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023824
28460474	1260	1270	creatinine	T109,T123	C0010294
28460474	1276	1279	men	T098	C0025266
28460474	1289	1300	TT genotype	T032	C0017431
28460474	1304	1313	rs2941484	T028	C0017337
28460474	1369	1378	suffering	T184	C0751408
28460474	1384	1397	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
28460474	1417	1419	CT	T032	C0017431
28460474	1424	1436	CC genotypes	T032	C0017431
28460474	1473	1484	TT genotype	T032	C0017431
28460474	1488	1497	rs2941484	T028	C0017337
28460474	1505	1510	human	T016	C0086418
28460474	1511	1521	HNF4G gene	T028	C1415631
28460474	1533	1539	gender	T032	C0079399
28460474	1550	1564	genetic marker	T045	C0017393
28460474	1569	1582	hyperuricemia	T047	C0740394
28460474	1586	1597	Chinese Han	UnknownType	C0814942
28460474	1598	1601	men	T098	C0025266

28461000|t|Potential Sunitinib - Induced Coronary Artery and Aortic Dissections
28461000|a|Small-molecule multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy is used in different types of cancer. These drugs have been associated with cardiovascular toxicity, including aortic dissection. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a coronary dissection potentially associated with a TKI treatment has been described.
28461000	0	9	Potential	T080	C3245505
28461000	10	19	Sunitinib	T109,T121	C1176020
28461000	22	29	Induced	T169	C0205263
28461000	30	45	Coronary Artery	T023	C0205042
28461000	50	68	Aortic Dissections	T047	C0340643
28461000	69	137	Small-molecule multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy	T061	C0879484
28461000	168	174	cancer	T191	C0006826
28461000	182	187	drugs	T121	C0013227
28461000	198	213	associated with	T080	C0332281
28461000	214	237	cardiovascular toxicity	T037	C0876994
28461000	249	266	aortic dissection	T047	C0340643
28461000	275	284	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28461000	298	308	first time	T079	C0040223
28461000	316	335	coronary dissection	T047	C0340643
28461000	336	347	potentially	T080	C3245505
28461000	348	363	associated with	T080	C0332281
28461000	366	379	TKI treatment	T061	C0879484

28462032|t|The emerging contribution of social wasps to grape rot disease ecology
28462032|a|Grape sour (bunch) rot is a polymicrobial disease of vineyards that causes millions of dollars in lost revenue per year due to decreased quality of grapes and resultant wine. The disease is associated with damaged berries infected with a community of acetic acid bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi that results in rotting berries with high amounts of undesirable volatile acidity. Many insect species cause the initial grape berry damage that can lead to this disease, but most studies have focused on the role of fruit flies in facilitating symptoms and vectoring the microorganisms of this disease complex. Like fruit flies, social wasps are abundant in vineyards where they feed on ripe berries and cause significant damage, while also dispersing yeasts involved in wine fermentation. Despite this, their possible role in disease facilitation and dispersal of grape rots has not been explored. We tested the hypothesis that the paper wasp Polistes dominulus could facilitate grape sour rot in the absence of other insect vectors. Using marker gene sequencing we characterized the bacterial and fungal community of wild-caught adults. We used a sterilized foraging arena to determine if these wasps transfer viable microorganisms when foraging. We then tested if wasps harboring their native microbial community, or those inoculated with sour rot, had an effect on grape sour rot incidence and severity using a laboratory foraging arena. We found that all wasps harbor some portion of the sour rot microbial community and that they have the ability to transfer viable microorganisms when foraging. Foraging by inoculated and uninoculated wasps led to an increase in berry rot disease symptom severity and incidence. Our results indicate that paper wasps can facilitate sour rot diseases in the absence of other vectors and that the mechanism of this facilitation may include both increasing host susceptibility and transmitting these microbial communities to the grapes. Social wasps are understudied but relevant players in the sour rot ecology of vineyards.
28462032	4	25	emerging contribution	T052	C1880177
28462032	29	41	social wasps	T204	C0043041
28462032	45	62	grape rot disease	T047	C0032080
28462032	63	70	ecology	T090	C0013546
28462032	71	93	Grape sour (bunch) rot	T047	C0032080
28462032	99	120	polymicrobial disease	T047	C0598196
28462032	124	133	vineyards	T083	C4279988
28462032	146	154	millions	T081	C1881839
28462032	158	165	dollars	T081	C0562019
28462032	169	181	lost revenue	T081	C0681042
28462032	182	190	per year	T079	C0439508
28462032	198	207	decreased	T081	C0205216
28462032	208	215	quality	T080	C0332306
28462032	219	225	grapes	T168	C0018208
28462032	230	244	resultant wine	T168	C0043188
28462032	250	257	disease	T047	C0012634
28462032	261	276	associated with	T080	C0332281
28462032	277	284	damaged	T169	C1883709
28462032	285	292	berries	T168	C0005135
28462032	293	301	infected	T033	C0439663
28462032	309	318	community	T096	C0009462
28462032	322	342	acetic acid bacteria	T007	C0018150
28462032	344	350	yeasts	T004	C0043393
28462032	356	373	filamentous fungi	T004	C0369241
28462032	390	397	rotting	T067	C2700592
28462032	398	405	berries	T168	C0005135
28462032	411	415	high	T080	C0205250
28462032	416	423	amounts	T081	C1265611
28462032	439	447	volatile	T080	C1963547
28462032	448	455	acidity	T103	C0001128
28462032	462	468	insect	T204	C0021585
28462032	469	476	species	T185	C1705920
28462032	487	494	initial	T079	C0205265
28462032	495	500	grape	T168	C0018208
28462032	501	506	berry	T168	C0005135
28462032	507	513	damage	T169	C1883709
28462032	536	543	disease	T047	C0012634
28462032	554	561	studies	T062	C0681814
28462032	567	574	focused	T169	C1285542
28462032	582	586	role	T077	C1705810
28462032	590	601	fruit flies	T204	C0013138
28462032	618	626	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28462032	631	640	vectoring	T204	C0021573
28462032	645	659	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28462032	668	675	disease	T047	C0012634
28462032	676	683	complex	T080	C0439855
28462032	690	701	fruit flies	T204	C0013138
28462032	703	715	social wasps	T204	C0043041
28462032	720	728	abundant	T080	C2346714
28462032	732	741	vineyards	T083	C4279988
28462032	761	773	ripe berries	T168	C0005135
28462032	784	795	significant	T078	C0750502
28462032	796	802	damage	T169	C1883709
28462032	815	825	dispersing	T082	C0332624
28462032	826	832	yeasts	T004	C0043393
28462032	833	841	involved	T169	C1314939
28462032	845	849	wine	T168	C0043188
28462032	850	862	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28462032	893	897	role	T077	C1705810
28462032	901	908	disease	T047	C0012634
28462032	926	949	dispersal of grape rots	T047	C0012634
28462032	976	982	tested	T169	C0039593
28462032	987	997	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28462032	1007	1017	paper wasp	T204	C0446349
28462032	1018	1036	Polistes dominulus	T129	C1005260
28462032	1054	1068	grape sour rot	T047	C0012634
28462032	1076	1083	absence	T169	C0332197
28462032	1093	1107	insect vectors	T204	C0021573
28462032	1115	1137	marker gene sequencing	T059	C1294197
28462032	1141	1154	characterized	T052	C1880022
28462032	1159	1168	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28462032	1173	1179	fungal	T004	C0016832
28462032	1180	1189	community	T096	C0009462
28462032	1193	1211	wild-caught adults	T100	C0001675
28462032	1234	1248	foraging arena	T082	C0205146
28462032	1271	1276	wasps	T204	C0043041
28462032	1286	1292	viable	T080	C0443348
28462032	1293	1307	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28462032	1313	1321	foraging	T055	C2752984
28462032	1331	1337	tested	T169	C0039593
28462032	1341	1346	wasps	T204	C0043041
28462032	1363	1369	native	T098	C0079891
28462032	1370	1379	microbial	T001	C0599840
28462032	1380	1389	community	T096	C0009462
28462032	1400	1410	inoculated	T061	C2987620
28462032	1416	1424	sour rot	T047	C0012634
28462032	1433	1439	effect	T080	C1280500
28462032	1443	1457	grape sour rot	T047	C0012634
28462032	1458	1467	incidence	T081	C0021149
28462032	1472	1480	severity	T080	C0439793
28462032	1489	1514	laboratory foraging arena	T083	C0017446
28462032	1534	1539	wasps	T204	C0043041
28462032	1567	1575	sour rot	T047	C0012634
28462032	1576	1585	microbial	T001	C0599840
28462032	1586	1595	community	T096	C0009462
28462032	1619	1626	ability	T032	C0085732
28462032	1639	1645	viable	T080	C0443348
28462032	1646	1660	microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28462032	1666	1674	foraging	T055	C2752984
28462032	1676	1684	Foraging	T055	C2752984
28462032	1688	1698	inoculated	T061	C2987620
28462032	1703	1721	uninoculated wasps	T204	C0043041
28462032	1732	1740	increase	T169	C0442805
28462032	1744	1761	berry rot disease	T047	C0032080
28462032	1762	1769	symptom	T184	C1457887
28462032	1770	1778	severity	T080	C0439793
28462032	1783	1792	incidence	T081	C0021149
28462032	1798	1805	results	T033	C0459422
28462032	1820	1831	paper wasps	T204	C0446349
28462032	1847	1864	sour rot diseases	T047	C0032080
28462032	1872	1879	absence	T169	C0332197
28462032	1883	1896	other vectors	T204	C0021573
28462032	1910	1919	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28462032	1958	1968	increasing	T169	C0442808
28462032	1969	1973	host	T001	C1167395
28462032	1974	1988	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28462032	1993	2005	transmitting	T169	C0332289
28462032	2012	2021	microbial	T001	C0599840
28462032	2022	2033	communities	T096	C0009462
28462032	2041	2047	grapes	T168	C0018208
28462032	2049	2061	Social wasps	T204	C0043041
28462032	2083	2099	relevant players	T080	C2347946
28462032	2107	2115	sour rot	T047	C0012634
28462032	2116	2123	ecology	T090	C0013546
28462032	2127	2136	vineyards	T083	C4279988

28462513|t|An easy to produce and economical three-dimensional brain phantom for stereotactic computed tomographic-guided brain biopsy training in the dog
28462513|a|To develop and validate a three-dimensional (3D) brain phantom that can be incorporated into existing stereotactic headframes to simulate stereotactic brain biopsy (SBB) and train veterinary surgeons. Experimental study. Canine brain phantoms were fabricated from osteological skull specimens, agarose brain parenchyma, and cheddar and mozzarella cheese molds (simulating meningiomas and gliomas). The neuroradiologic and viscoelastic properties of phantoms were quantified with computed tomography (CT) and oscillatory compression tests, respectively. Phantoms were validated by experienced and novice operators performing SBB on phantoms containing randomly placed, focal targets. Target yield and needle placement error (NPE) were compared between operators. Phantoms were produced in <4 hours, at an average cost of $92. The CT appearances of the phantom skull, agarose, and cheese components approximated the in vivo features of skull, brain parenchyma, and contrast-enhancing tumors of meningeal and glial origin, respectively. The complex moduli of the agarose and cheeses were comparable to the viscoelastic properties of in vivo brain tissues and brain tumors. The overall diagnostic yield of SBB was 88%. Although NPE did not differ between novice (median 3.68 mm; range, 1.46-14.54 mm) and experienced surgeons (median 1.17 mm, range, 0.78-1.58 mm), our results support the relevance of the learning curve associated with the SBB procedure. This 3D phantom replicates anatomical, CT, and tactile features of brain tissues and tumors and can be used to develop the technical skills required to perform SBB.
28462513	3	7	easy	T033	C0332219
28462513	23	33	economical	T081	C0870462
28462513	34	51	three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28462513	52	57	brain	T023	C0006104
28462513	58	65	phantom	T073	C0282611
28462513	70	123	stereotactic computed tomographic-guided brain biopsy	T060	C2041181
28462513	124	132	training	T056	C0015259
28462513	140	143	dog	T015	C0012984
28462513	170	192	three-dimensional (3D)	T082	C0450363
28462513	193	198	brain	T023	C0006104
28462513	199	206	phantom	T073	C0282611
28462513	246	269	stereotactic headframes	T074	C0221876
28462513	273	281	simulate	T066	C0009609
28462513	282	307	stereotactic brain biopsy	T060	C0579037
28462513	309	312	SBB	T060	C0579037
28462513	318	323	train	T065	C0220931
28462513	324	343	veterinary surgeons	T097	C0242856
28462513	345	363	Experimental study	T062	C0681814
28462513	365	371	Canine	T015	C0012984
28462513	372	377	brain	T023	C0006104
28462513	378	386	phantoms	T073	C0282611
28462513	392	402	fabricated	T067	C1254366
28462513	408	420	osteological	T091	C3178759
28462513	421	436	skull specimens	T031	C2584668
28462513	438	445	agarose	T109	C0036681
28462513	446	462	brain parenchyma	T023	C0933845
28462513	468	475	cheddar	T168	C0452767
28462513	480	497	mozzarella cheese	T168	C0452783
28462513	498	503	molds	T073	C3273359
28462513	505	515	simulating	T066	C0009609
28462513	516	527	meningiomas	T191	C0025286
28462513	532	539	gliomas	T191	C0017638
28462513	546	561	neuroradiologic	T081	C0392762
28462513	566	589	viscoelastic properties	T081	C0599618
28462513	593	601	phantoms	T073	C0282611
28462513	623	642	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28462513	644	646	CT	T060	C0040405
28462513	652	681	oscillatory compression tests	T169	C2984643
28462513	697	705	Phantoms	T073	C0282611
28462513	724	735	experienced	T033	C0557355
28462513	740	746	novice	T033	C3845885
28462513	747	756	operators	T098	C1705274
28462513	768	771	SBB	T060	C0579037
28462513	775	783	phantoms	T073	C0282611
28462513	818	825	targets	T169	C1521840
28462513	827	833	Target	T169	C1521840
28462513	844	866	needle placement error	T080	C0011922
28462513	868	871	NPE	T080	C0011922
28462513	895	904	operators	T098	C1705274
28462513	906	914	Phantoms	T073	C0282611
28462513	973	975	CT	T060	C0040405
28462513	976	987	appearances	T080	C0700364
28462513	995	1002	phantom	T073	C0282611
28462513	1003	1008	skull	T023	C2951888
28462513	1010	1017	agarose	T109	C0036681
28462513	1023	1040	cheese components	T168	C0007968
28462513	1058	1065	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28462513	1066	1074	features	T080	C2348519
28462513	1078	1083	skull	T023	C2951888
28462513	1085	1101	brain parenchyma	T023	C0933845
28462513	1107	1125	contrast-enhancing	T060	C2029455
28462513	1126	1145	tumors of meningeal	T191	C0025284
28462513	1150	1162	glial origin	T191	C0017638
28462513	1182	1196	complex moduli	T081	C0392762
28462513	1204	1211	agarose	T109	C0036681
28462513	1216	1223	cheeses	T168	C0007968
28462513	1229	1239	comparable	T052	C1707455
28462513	1247	1270	viscoelastic properties	T081	C0599618
28462513	1274	1281	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28462513	1282	1295	brain tissues	T023	C0459385
28462513	1300	1312	brain tumors	T191	C0006118
28462513	1318	1325	overall	T080	C1561607
28462513	1326	1342	diagnostic yield	T033	C0011900
28462513	1346	1349	SBB	T060	C0579037
28462513	1368	1371	NPE	T080	C0011922
28462513	1395	1401	novice	T033	C3845885
28462513	1445	1456	experienced	T033	C0557355
28462513	1457	1465	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28462513	1529	1538	relevance	T080	C2347946
28462513	1546	1560	learning curve	T041	C2936637
28462513	1561	1576	associated with	T080	C0332281
28462513	1581	1594	SBB procedure	T060	C0579037
28462513	1601	1611	3D phantom	T073	C1253948
28462513	1612	1622	replicates	T080	C1883725
28462513	1623	1633	anatomical	T073	C0026337
28462513	1635	1637	CT	T060	C0040405
28462513	1643	1650	tactile	T080	C0439815
28462513	1651	1659	features	T080	C2348519
28462513	1663	1676	brain tissues	T023	C0459385
28462513	1681	1687	tumors	T191	C0006118
28462513	1719	1735	technical skills	T169	C0449851
28462513	1748	1755	perform	T169	C0884358
28462513	1756	1759	SBB	T060	C0579037

28462652|t|Sequential scapholunate and volar beak ligament reconstructions with flexor carpi radialis tendon grafts
28462652|a|The flexor carpi radialis tendon is considered by many the workhorse tendon in hand and wrist surgery. Some have expressed concerns about altering the mechanics of the wrist by sacrificing part or all of the flexor carpi radialis tendon. We present an interesting case of sequential scapholunate and volar beak ligament reconstructions using a flexor carpi radialis tendon autograft where a slip of tendon was harvested twice within three years, achieving a satisfactory clinical outcome at five years following the initial surgery.
28462652	0	10	Sequential	T080	C1705294
28462652	11	23	scapholunate	T023	C0447936
28462652	28	47	volar beak ligament	T024	C0023685
28462652	48	63	reconstructions	T061	C0524865
28462652	69	97	flexor carpi radialis tendon	T023	C0224884
28462652	98	104	grafts	T061	C1279739
28462652	109	137	flexor carpi radialis tendon	T023	C0224884
28462652	174	180	tendon	T023	C0039508
28462652	184	188	hand	T061	C0187067
28462652	193	206	wrist surgery	T061	C0187064
28462652	243	251	altering	T078	C1515926
28462652	256	265	mechanics	T070	C0376706
28462652	273	278	wrist	T029	C0043262
28462652	282	293	sacrificing	T061	C0554486
28462652	294	298	part	T023	C0229962
28462652	313	341	flexor carpi radialis tendon	T023	C0224884
28462652	377	387	sequential	T080	C1705294
28462652	388	400	scapholunate	T023	C0447936
28462652	405	424	volar beak ligament	T024	C0023685
28462652	425	440	reconstructions	T061	C0524865
28462652	449	477	flexor carpi radialis tendon	T023	C0224884
28462652	478	487	autograft	T061	C0040736
28462652	496	510	slip of tendon	T023	C0039508
28462652	515	524	harvested	T061	C0185480
28462652	544	549	years	T079	C0439234
28462652	563	575	satisfactory	T080	C0205410
28462652	576	584	clinical	T080	C0205210
28462652	585	592	outcome	T169	C1274040
28462652	601	606	years	T079	C0439234
28462652	629	636	surgery	T061	C0543467

28462752|t|Sources of meaning in family caregivers of terminally ill patients supported by a palliative nursing care team: A naturalistic three-month cohort study
28462752|a|Our aim was to identify possible patterns of change or durability in sources of meaning for family caregivers of terminally ill patients after the onset of support at home by an outreach palliative nursing team during a three-month survey period. The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe) was administered to 100 caregivers of terminally ill patients at four measurement timepoints: immediately before the onset of the palliative care (t 0), and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after t 0. Time-dependent changes were assessed for the completed subsample (n = 24) by means of bivariate linear as well as quadratic regression models. Multivariate regressions with dimensions of meaning in life as dependent variables were performed for the whole sample by means of random-effects models: dependent variables changed over time (four timepoints), whereas regressors remained constant. No significant differences were found for psychosocial and clinical variables or for sources of meaning between the uncompleted and completed subsamples. Growth curve analyses revealed no statistically significant but tendentiously parabolic changes for any dimensions or for single sources of meaning. In multivariate models, a negative association was found between patient age, psychological burden of family caregivers, and changes in total SoMe score, as well as for the superordinate dimensions. According to our hypothesis, sources of meaning and meaning in life seem to remain robust in relatives caring for terminally ill family members during the three-month survey period. A parabolic development pattern of single sources of meaning indicates an adjustment process. An important limitation of our study is the small number of participants compared with larger multivariate models because of high dropout rates, primarily due to the death of three-quarters of the participants during the survey period.
28462752	0	18	Sources of meaning	T033	C0243095
28462752	22	39	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
28462752	43	66	terminally ill patients	T101	C0871503
28462752	82	105	palliative nursing care	T058	C3816218
28462752	106	110	team	T058	C0028704
28462752	127	138	three-month	T079	C4082119
28462752	139	151	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28462752	185	203	patterns of change	T080	C1272746
28462752	221	239	sources of meaning	T033	C0243095
28462752	244	261	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
28462752	265	288	terminally ill patients	T101	C0871503
28462752	330	338	outreach	T095	C0683805
28462752	339	357	palliative nursing	T058	C3816218
28462752	358	362	team	T058	C0028704
28462752	372	383	three-month	T079	C4082119
28462752	384	390	survey	T170	C0038951
28462752	391	397	period	T079	C1948053
28462752	403	455	Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28462752	457	461	SoMe	T170	C0034394
28462752	487	497	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28462752	501	524	terminally ill patients	T101	C0871503
28462752	545	555	timepoints	T079	C2348792
28462752	593	608	palliative care	T091	C0030231
28462752	625	629	week	T079	C0439230
28462752	633	638	month	T079	C0439231
28462752	646	652	months	T079	C0439231
28462752	664	686	Time-dependent changes	T070	C2371702
28462752	709	728	completed subsample	T081	C0871429
28462752	750	766	bivariate linear	UnknownType	C0681927
28462752	778	805	quadratic regression models	T170	C0034980
28462752	807	831	Multivariate regressions	T170	C0034980
28462752	851	866	meaning in life	T033	C0243095
28462752	870	889	dependent variables	T169	C0871711
28462752	919	925	sample	T081	C0871429
28462752	938	959	random-effects models	T170	C3161035
28462752	961	980	dependent variables	T169	C0871711
28462752	981	988	changed	T169	C0392747
28462752	994	998	time	T079	C0040223
28462752	1005	1015	timepoints	T079	C2348792
28462752	1046	1054	constant	T080	C1948059
28462752	1056	1082	No significant differences	T033	C3842396
28462752	1098	1110	psychosocial	T080	C0033963
28462752	1115	1133	clinical variables	T033	C3810252
28462752	1141	1159	sources of meaning	T033	C0243095
28462752	1172	1183	uncompleted	T081	C0871429
28462752	1188	1208	completed subsamples	T081	C0871429
28462752	1210	1231	Growth curve analyses	T062	C0936012
28462752	1288	1305	parabolic changes	T169	C0392747
28462752	1339	1357	sources of meaning	T033	C0243095
28462752	1362	1381	multivariate models	T081	C0026777
28462752	1385	1405	negative association	T033	C1513916
28462752	1424	1431	patient	T101	C0030705
28462752	1432	1435	age	T032	C0001779
28462752	1437	1450	psychological	T169	C0205486
28462752	1451	1457	burden	T078	C2828008
28462752	1461	1478	family caregivers	T099	C0086279
28462752	1484	1491	changes	T169	C0392747
28462752	1501	1505	SoMe	T170	C0034394
28462752	1506	1511	score	T081	C0449820
28462752	1575	1585	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28462752	1587	1605	sources of meaning	T033	C0243095
28462752	1610	1625	meaning in life	T033	C0243095
28462752	1651	1667	relatives caring	T061	C0581007
28462752	1672	1701	terminally ill family members	T101	C0871503
28462752	1713	1724	three-month	T079	C4082119
28462752	1725	1731	survey	T170	C0038951
28462752	1732	1738	period	T079	C1948053
28462752	1742	1763	parabolic development	T169	C1527148
28462752	1782	1800	sources of meaning	T033	C0243095
28462752	1814	1832	adjustment process	T169	C0456081
28462752	1847	1857	limitation	T169	C0449295
28462752	1865	1870	study	T062	C2603343
28462752	1894	1906	participants	T098	C0679646
28462752	1928	1947	multivariate models	T081	C0026777
28462752	2000	2005	death	T040	C0011065
28462752	2031	2043	participants	T098	C0679646
28462752	2055	2061	survey	T170	C0038951
28462752	2062	2068	period	T079	C1948053

28462781|t|A new approach to nasomaxillary complex type of nasal bone fracture: Clip operation
28462781|a|Nasal bone fractures comprise almost 40% of all facial injuries. Most are initially reduced using closed reduction. This study introduces a newly developed method, the clip operation via endonasal approach. The operation was performed in these patients by a single surgeon extensively experienced in facial bone fractures. An absorbable mesh plate made into a clip was used for fixation after open reduction via the endonasal approach. No screws were used for fixation. Nasal packing was removed the first day after surgery; aluminum splinting was removed the third week after surgery. Three-dimensional facial computed tomography and cephalolateral radiography were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Plastic surgeon satisfaction and postoperative complications were assessed. Fracture relapse was not observed. Reduction status was well maintained. Postoperative complications occurred, with a low final incidence of 1.8% in the third postoperative month. Plastic surgeon satisfaction was very high at 4.58. This operation takes 5-10 min, and is simple to perform. It entails a short hospitalization, and the duration during which nasal packing and aluminum splint are maintained is comparable. Undesirable functional, aesthetic complications and secondary surgery resulting from inaccurate relapse were reduced. The clip operation is a useful technique for correcting nasal bone fractures, especially nasomaxillary complex type.
28462781	18	39	nasomaxillary complex	T030	C0224557
28462781	48	67	nasal bone fracture	T037	C0339848
28462781	69	73	Clip	T074	C0175722
28462781	74	83	operation	T061	C0543467
28462781	84	104	Nasal bone fractures	T037	C0339848
28462781	132	147	facial injuries	T037	C0015459
28462781	158	167	initially	T079	C0205265
28462781	168	175	reduced	T080	C0392756
28462781	182	198	closed reduction	T061	C0185496
28462781	205	210	study	T062	C2603343
28462781	211	221	introduces	T169	C1292748
28462781	240	246	method	T170	C0025663
28462781	252	256	clip	T074	C0175722
28462781	257	266	operation	T061	C0543467
28462781	271	280	endonasal	T029	C0225425
28462781	295	304	operation	T061	C0543467
28462781	309	318	performed	T169	C0884358
28462781	328	336	patients	T101	C0030705
28462781	349	356	surgeon	T097	C0582175
28462781	369	380	experienced	T041	C0237607
28462781	384	405	facial bone fractures	T037	C0159321
28462781	410	420	absorbable	T080	C2699518
28462781	421	431	mesh plate	T074	C1139930
28462781	444	448	clip	T074	C0175722
28462781	462	470	fixation	T061	C0185023
28462781	477	491	open reduction	T061	C2370853
28462781	500	509	endonasal	T029	C0225425
28462781	510	518	approach	T082	C0449445
28462781	520	522	No	T033	C1513916
28462781	523	529	screws	T074	C0301559
28462781	544	552	fixation	T061	C0185023
28462781	554	567	Nasal packing	T061	C0150685
28462781	572	579	removed	T080	C0849355
28462781	600	607	surgery	T061	C0543467
28462781	609	627	aluminum splinting	T074	C0038009
28462781	632	639	removed	T080	C0849355
28462781	661	668	surgery	T061	C0543467
28462781	670	687	Three-dimensional	T082	C0450363
28462781	688	714	facial computed tomography	T060	C1631067
28462781	719	745	cephalolateral radiography	T060	C0407698
28462781	751	760	performed	T169	C0884358
28462781	761	775	preoperatively	T079	C0445204
28462781	780	795	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28462781	797	812	Plastic surgeon	T097	C0279538
28462781	813	825	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28462781	830	843	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28462781	844	857	complications	T078	C2362589
28462781	863	871	assessed	T052	C1516048
28462781	873	881	Fracture	T037	C0016658
28462781	882	889	relapse	T067	C0035020
28462781	898	906	observed	T169	C1441672
28462781	908	917	Reduction	T061	C0441610
28462781	929	944	well maintained	T201	C1317834
28462781	946	959	Postoperative	T079	C0032790
28462781	960	973	complications	T078	C2362589
28462781	974	982	occurred	T052	C1709305
28462781	1001	1010	incidence	T081	C0021149
28462781	1032	1045	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28462781	1053	1068	Plastic surgeon	T097	C0279538
28462781	1069	1081	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28462781	1110	1119	operation	T061	C0543467
28462781	1181	1196	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28462781	1228	1241	nasal packing	T061	C0150685
28462781	1246	1261	aluminum splint	T074	C0038009
28462781	1304	1314	functional	T169	C0205245
28462781	1316	1325	aesthetic	T090	C0014901
28462781	1326	1339	complications	T078	C2362589
28462781	1354	1361	surgery	T061	C0543467
28462781	1362	1371	resulting	T034	C0456984
28462781	1377	1387	inaccurate	T080	C0443236
28462781	1388	1395	relapse	T067	C0035020
28462781	1401	1408	reduced	T080	C0392756
28462781	1414	1418	clip	T074	C0175722
28462781	1419	1428	operation	T061	C0543467
28462781	1434	1440	useful	T080	C3827682
28462781	1441	1450	technique	T169	C0449851
28462781	1466	1486	nasal bone fractures	T037	C0339848
28462781	1499	1520	nasomaxillary complex	T030	C0224557

28463085|t|Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces periodontal atrophy in occlusal hypofunctional teeth
28463085|a|To clarify whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exposure has recovery effects on the hypofunctional periodontal ligament (PDL) and interradicular alveolar bone (IRAB). Twelve- week -old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 5 each): a normal occlusion (C) group, an occlusal hypofunction (H) group, and an occlusal hypofunction group subjected to LIPUS (HL) treatment. Hypofunctional occlusion of the maxillary first molar (M1) of the H and HL groups was induced by the bite-raising technique. Only the HL group was irradiated with LIPUS for 5 days. The IRAB and PDL of M1 were examined by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. To quantify mRNA expression of cytokines involved in PDL proliferation and development, real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed for twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (Twist1), periostin, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the PDL samples. Micro-CT analysis showed that the PDL volume was decreased in the H group compared with that of the C and HL groups. Both bone volume per tissue volume (BV / TV) of IRAB was decreased in the H group compared with that in the C group. LIPUS exposure restored BV / TV in the IRAB of the HL group. qRT-PCR analysis showed that Twist1, periostin, and CTGF mRNA levels were decreased in the H group and increased in the HL group. LIPUS exposure reduced the atrophic changes of alveolar bone by inducing the upregulation of periostin and CTGF expression to promote PDL healing after induction of occlusal hypofunction.
28463085	0	31	Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound	T070	C4042796
28463085	40	59	periodontal atrophy	T047	C2350270
28463085	63	71	occlusal	T042	C0011382
28463085	72	86	hypofunctional	T046	C0679221
28463085	87	92	teeth	T023	C0040426
28463085	112	143	low-intensity pulsed ultrasound	T070	C4042796
28463085	145	150	LIPUS	T070	C4042796
28463085	189	203	hypofunctional	T046	C0679221
28463085	204	224	periodontal ligament	T023	C0031093
28463085	226	229	PDL	T023	C0031093
28463085	235	263	interradicular alveolar bone	T023	C0932533
28463085	265	269	IRAB	T023	C0932533
28463085	280	284	week	T079	C0439230
28463085	290	294	male	T032	C0086582
28463085	295	314	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
28463085	339	345	groups	T098	C1257890
28463085	362	378	normal occlusion	T042	C0011382
28463085	383	388	group	T098	C1257890
28463085	393	401	occlusal	T042	C0011382
28463085	402	414	hypofunction	T046	C0679221
28463085	419	424	group	T098	C1257890
28463085	433	460	occlusal hypofunction group	T098	C1257890
28463085	474	479	LIPUS	T070	C4042796
28463085	485	494	treatment	T061	C0087111
28463085	496	510	Hypofunctional	T046	C0679221
28463085	511	520	occlusion	T042	C0011382
28463085	528	549	maxillary first molar	T023	C4082817
28463085	551	553	M1	T023	C4082817
28463085	562	563	H	T098	C1257890
28463085	568	577	HL groups	T098	C1257890
28463085	597	619	bite-raising technique	T058	C0376583
28463085	630	638	HL group	T098	C1257890
28463085	659	664	LIPUS	T070	C4042796
28463085	671	675	days	T079	C0439228
28463085	681	685	IRAB	T023	C0932533
28463085	690	693	PDL	T023	C0031093
28463085	697	699	M1	T023	C4082817
28463085	717	741	microcomputed tomography	T060	C2350281
28463085	743	751	micro-CT	T060	C2350281
28463085	753	761	analysis	T062	C0936012
28463085	775	779	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28463085	780	790	expression	T045	C1171362
28463085	794	803	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28463085	816	819	PDL	T023	C0031093
28463085	820	833	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28463085	838	849	development	T169	C1527148
28463085	851	899	real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR	T063	C0599161
28463085	901	908	qRT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28463085	928	968	twist family bHLH transcription factor 1	T028	C1421244
28463085	970	976	Twist1	T028	C1421244
28463085	979	988	periostin	T028	C1424662
28463085	994	1025	connective tissue growth factor	T028	C1413791
28463085	1027	1031	CTGF	T028	C1413791
28463085	1040	1043	PDL	T023	C0031093
28463085	1044	1051	samples	T167	C0370003
28463085	1053	1061	Micro-CT	T060	C2350281
28463085	1062	1070	analysis	T062	C0936012
28463085	1087	1090	PDL	T023	C0031093
28463085	1091	1097	volume	T081	C0449468
28463085	1119	1126	H group	T098	C1257890
28463085	1153	1154	C	T098	C1257890
28463085	1159	1168	HL groups	T098	C1257890
28463085	1175	1186	bone volume	T032	C1317149
28463085	1191	1204	tissue volume	T081	C0449468
28463085	1206	1208	BV	T032	C1317149
28463085	1211	1213	TV	T081	C0449468
28463085	1218	1222	IRAB	T023	C0932533
28463085	1244	1251	H group	T098	C1257890
28463085	1278	1285	C group	T098	C1257890
28463085	1287	1292	LIPUS	T070	C4042796
28463085	1311	1313	BV	T032	C1317149
28463085	1316	1318	TV	T081	C0449468
28463085	1326	1330	IRAB	T023	C0932533
28463085	1338	1346	HL group	T098	C1257890
28463085	1348	1355	qRT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28463085	1356	1364	analysis	T062	C0936012
28463085	1377	1383	Twist1	T028	C1421244
28463085	1385	1394	periostin	T028	C1424662
28463085	1400	1404	CTGF	T028	C1413791
28463085	1405	1409	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28463085	1410	1416	levels	T080	C0441889
28463085	1439	1446	H group	T098	C1257890
28463085	1468	1476	HL group	T098	C1257890
28463085	1478	1483	LIPUS	T070	C4042796
28463085	1505	1513	atrophic	T046	C0333641
28463085	1514	1521	changes	T169	C0392747
28463085	1525	1538	alveolar bone	T023	C0932533
28463085	1542	1550	inducing	T169	C0205263
28463085	1555	1567	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28463085	1571	1580	periostin	T028	C1424662
28463085	1585	1589	CTGF	T028	C1413791
28463085	1590	1600	expression	T045	C1171362
28463085	1612	1615	PDL	T023	C0031093
28463085	1616	1623	healing	T040	C0043240
28463085	1630	1639	induction	T061	C0857127
28463085	1643	1651	occlusal	T042	C0011382
28463085	1652	1664	hypofunction	T046	C0679221

28463669|t|Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: Diagnostic, Management and Indications for Operation. Part I
28463669|a|We notice an increasing frequency in the detection and evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) over the last three decades. They show awide spectrum of imaging and clinical features. The diagnosis and discrimination of these lesions are very important because of the risk for concurrent or later development of malignancy. The main reason is the increased awareness of these lesions and the extensive use of cross-sectional imaging, an always improving technique (1). Commonly, PCLs are diagnosed incidentally during investigation for often unrelated and nonspecific abdominal complaints using state-of-the art abdominal imaging (CT, MRT). The term PCN denotes a histologically heterogeneous collection of neoplasms showing a wide spectrum of diagnoses, ranging from completely benign to potentially malignant, to carcinoma in situ, to frankly invasive and malignant (2,3). In 1978, Compagno and Oertel were the first to recognize the crucial distinction between the serous and the mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas by explaining the importance of identifying the mucinous neoplasms because of their overt or latent malignant potential (4,5). Since then, the interest in PCLs increased markedly, especially so with the recognition of the importance and prevalence of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). Nowadays, PCLs represent a common and often difficult challenge in clinical practice, because of the increase in their detection in asymptomatic patients and our still immature understanding of some aspects of their biologic behavior. Their important differences regarding their outcome and the fact of being increasingly often identified has put a special focus on these neoplasms by surgeons, pathologists, gastroenterologists, radiologists, and oncologists alike. Management of patients with PCNs can be challenging and varies considerably among the various subtypes of PCNs. Their treatment ranges from resection of malignant lesions, to resection and/or surveillance in the case of premalignant lesions, to simple observation in the case of benign or indolent lesions. Under these circumstances, the accurate classification of PCNs becomes crucial. Therapeutic decision making and classification rely mainly on the presenting symptoms and radiologic findings, often without actual histologic tissue. It is of extreme importance to identify suspicious features indicating potential or certain malignancy in order to select the appropriate treatment. The risk of overtreatment (unnecessary pancreatectomy) should he balanced carefully with the risk of under treatment (missing the opportunity to cure a potentially curable malignant or premalignant disease).
28463669	0	10	Pancreatic	T023	C0030274
28463669	11	25	Cystic Lesions	T033	C1511606
28463669	27	37	Diagnostic	T033	C0011900
28463669	39	49	Management	T058	C0376636
28463669	54	65	Indications	T078	C3146298
28463669	70	79	Operation	T061	C0543467
28463669	101	111	increasing	T169	C0442808
28463669	112	121	frequency	T081	C1705502
28463669	129	138	detection	T061	C1511790
28463669	143	153	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28463669	157	167	pancreatic	T023	C0030274
28463669	168	182	cystic lesions	T033	C1511606
28463669	184	188	PCLs	T033	C1511606
28463669	210	217	decades	T081	C2981279
28463669	235	243	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28463669	247	254	imaging	T060	C0011923
28463669	259	267	clinical	T080	C0205210
28463669	268	276	features	T080	C2348519
28463669	282	291	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28463669	296	310	discrimination	T169	C2945687
28463669	320	327	lesions	T033	C1511606
28463669	362	366	risk	T078	C0035647
28463669	371	381	concurrent	T079	C0205420
28463669	391	402	development	T169	C1527148
28463669	406	416	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28463669	441	450	increased	T081	C0205217
28463669	451	460	awareness	T041	C0004448
28463669	470	477	lesions	T033	C1511606
28463669	486	495	extensive	T080	C0205231
28463669	503	526	cross-sectional imaging	T170	C3824793
28463669	548	557	technique	T169	C0449851
28463669	573	577	PCLs	T033	C1511606
28463669	582	591	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28463669	592	604	incidentally	T169	C0444507
28463669	612	625	investigation	T058	C0220825
28463669	636	645	unrelated	T033	C0445356
28463669	650	661	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
28463669	662	671	abdominal	T029	C0000726
28463669	672	682	complaints	T184	C1660601
28463669	706	715	abdominal	T029	C0000726
28463669	716	723	imaging	T060	C0011923
28463669	725	727	CT	T060	C0040405
28463669	729	732	MRT	T060	C0024485
28463669	744	747	PCN	T191	C1333190
28463669	758	772	histologically	T169	C0205462
28463669	773	786	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28463669	801	810	neoplasms	T191	C0027651
28463669	826	834	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28463669	838	847	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28463669	849	856	ranging	T081	C1514721
28463669	873	879	benign	T080	C0205183
28463669	883	894	potentially	T080	C3245505
28463669	895	904	malignant	T080	C0205282
28463669	909	918	carcinoma	T191	C0007097
28463669	919	926	in situ	T082	C0444498
28463669	939	947	invasive	T080	C0205281
28463669	952	961	malignant	T080	C0205282
28463669	1016	1025	recognize	T080	C0205396
28463669	1030	1037	crucial	T080	C1511545
28463669	1038	1049	distinction	T080	C1705242
28463669	1062	1102	serous and the mucinous cystic neoplasms	T191	C0476127
28463669	1110	1118	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28463669	1151	1162	identifying	T041	C0020792
28463669	1167	1185	mucinous neoplasms	T191	C1334811
28463669	1203	1208	overt	T169	C1513040
28463669	1212	1218	latent	T080	C0205275
28463669	1219	1228	malignant	T080	C0205282
28463669	1229	1238	potential	T080	C3245505
28463669	1274	1278	PCLs	T033	C1511606
28463669	1279	1288	increased	T081	C0205217
28463669	1289	1297	markedly	T080	C0522501
28463669	1322	1333	recognition	T080	C0205396
28463669	1356	1366	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28463669	1370	1410	intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms	T191	C3160815
28463669	1412	1417	IPMNs	T191	C3160815
28463669	1430	1434	PCLs	T033	C1511606
28463669	1487	1504	clinical practice	T061	C0695275
28463669	1521	1529	increase	T169	C0442805
28463669	1539	1548	detection	T061	C1511790
28463669	1552	1564	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28463669	1565	1573	patients	T101	C0030705
28463669	1588	1596	immature	T080	C0205252
28463669	1597	1610	understanding	T041	C0162340
28463669	1636	1644	biologic	T080	C0205460
28463669	1645	1653	behavior	T053	C0004927
28463669	1699	1706	outcome	T169	C1274040
28463669	1792	1801	neoplasms	T191	C0027651
28463669	1805	1813	surgeons	T097	C0582175
28463669	1815	1827	pathologists	T097	C0334866
28463669	1829	1848	gastroenterologists	T097	C0259901
28463669	1850	1862	radiologists	T097	C0260194
28463669	1868	1879	oncologists	T097	C0259990
28463669	1887	1897	Management	T058	C0376636
28463669	1901	1909	patients	T101	C0030705
28463669	1915	1919	PCNs	T191	C1333190
28463669	1927	1938	challenging	T058	C0805586
28463669	1981	1989	subtypes	T185	C0449560
28463669	1993	1997	PCNs	T191	C1333190
28463669	2005	2014	treatment	T061	C0087111
28463669	2015	2021	ranges	T081	C1514721
28463669	2027	2036	resection	T061	C0728940
28463669	2040	2049	malignant	T080	C0205282
28463669	2050	2057	lesions	T033	C1511606
28463669	2062	2071	resection	T061	C0728940
28463669	2079	2091	surveillance	T058	C0733511
28463669	2099	2103	case	T169	C0868928
28463669	2107	2127	premalignant lesions	T191	C0850639
28463669	2139	2150	observation	T062	C0302523
28463669	2158	2162	case	T169	C0868928
28463669	2166	2172	benign	T080	C0205183
28463669	2176	2184	indolent	T169	C0234227
28463669	2185	2192	lesions	T033	C1511606
28463669	2234	2248	classification	T185	C0008902
28463669	2252	2256	PCNs	T191	C1333190
28463669	2265	2272	crucial	T080	C1511545
28463669	2274	2285	Therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28463669	2286	2301	decision making	T055	C0518155
28463669	2306	2320	classification	T185	C0008902
28463669	2351	2359	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28463669	2364	2383	radiologic findings	T033	C1290916
28463669	2399	2405	actual	T080	C0237400
28463669	2406	2416	histologic	T169	C0205462
28463669	2406	2416	histologic	T169	C0205462
28463669	2417	2423	tissue	T024	C0040300
28463669	2456	2464	identify	T080	C0205396
28463669	2465	2475	suspicious	T078	C0750493
28463669	2485	2495	indicating	T078	C3146298
28463669	2496	2505	potential	T080	C3245505
28463669	2517	2527	malignancy	T191	C4282132
28463669	2563	2572	treatment	T061	C0087111
28463669	2578	2582	risk	T078	C0035647
28463669	2586	2599	overtreatment	T058	C4046039
28463669	2613	2627	pancreatectomy	T061	C0030279
28463669	2667	2671	risk	T078	C0035647
28463669	2681	2690	treatment	T061	C0087111
28463669	2719	2723	cure	T077	C1880198
28463669	2726	2737	potentially	T080	C3245505
28463669	2738	2745	curable	T077	C1880198
28463669	2746	2755	malignant	T080	C0205282
28463669	2759	2771	premalignant	T080	C1514391
28463669	2772	2779	disease	T047	C0012634

28463704|t|Recovery of orthographic processing after stroke: A longitudinal fMRI study
28463704|a|An intact orthographic processing system is critical for normal reading and spelling. Here we investigate the neural changes associated with impairment and subsequent recovery of the orthographic lexical processing system in an individual with an ischemic left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke. This work describes a longitudinal case study of a patient, whose initials are MMY, with impairments in orthographic lexical processing for reading and spelling at stroke onset, and who recovered these skills within 1 year post stroke. We tested the hypothesis that this acute impairment to reading and spelling would be associated with a selective loss of neural activation in the left fusiform gyrus (FG), and that subsequent recovery would be associated with a gain of neural activation in this region. MMY's case provided a unique opportunity to assess the selectivity of neural changes because she demonstrated a behavioral recovery of naming as well; i.e., if there is neural recovery for reading and spelling, but not naming, then these neural changes are selective to the recovery of orthographic processing. To test our hypothesis, we examined longitudinal behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data of reading, spelling, and visual object naming acquired acutely, 3 weeks, 5 months, and one year post stroke. In confirmation of our hypothesis, the loss and subsequent gain of orthographic lexical processing was associated with up-regulation of neural activation in areas previously associated with orthographic lexical processing: i.e., the left mid-FG and inferior frontal junction (IFJ). Furthermore, these neural changes were found to be selective to orthographic processing, as they were observed for reading and spelling, but not for visual object naming within the left mid-FG. This work shows that left PCA stroke can temporarily and selectively disrupt the orthographic lexical processing system, not only in the posterior region adjacent to the stroke, but also in relatively distant frontal orthographic processing regions.
28463704	0	11	Recovery of	T052	C0237820
28463704	12	24	orthographic	T090	C0871846
28463704	25	35	processing	T041	C0025361
28463704	42	48	stroke	T047	C0038454
28463704	52	64	longitudinal	T062	C0023981
28463704	65	69	fMRI	T060	C0376335
28463704	86	98	orthographic	T090	C0871846
28463704	99	109	processing	T041	C0025361
28463704	133	160	normal reading and spelling	T048	C1404290
28463704	186	200	neural changes	T169	C3714606
28463704	217	227	impairment	T169	C0221099
28463704	243	251	recovery	T052	C0237820
28463704	259	271	orthographic	T090	C0871846
28463704	272	290	lexical processing	T041	C0871801
28463704	323	331	ischemic	T046	C0022116
28463704	332	375	left posterior cerebral artery (PCA) stroke	T047	C2062605
28463704	399	422	longitudinal case study	T062	C0023981
28463704	456	459	MMY	T016	C0086418
28463704	466	477	impairments	T169	C0221099
28463704	481	493	orthographic	T090	C0871846
28463704	494	512	lexical processing	T041	C0871801
28463704	517	537	reading and spelling	T048	C1404290
28463704	541	547	stroke	T047	C0038454
28463704	548	553	onset	T079	C0277793
28463704	605	611	stroke	T047	C0038454
28463704	627	637	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28463704	648	653	acute	T079	C0205178
28463704	654	664	impairment	T169	C0221099
28463704	668	688	reading and spelling	T048	C1404290
28463704	726	733	loss of	T081	C1517945
28463704	734	751	neural activation	T169	C3714606
28463704	759	778	left fusiform gyrus	T023	C2337131
28463704	780	782	FG	T023	C2337131
28463704	841	848	gain of	T081	C1517378
28463704	849	866	neural activation	T169	C3714606
28463704	883	888	MMY's	T016	C0086418
28463704	953	967	neural changes	T169	C3714606
28463704	995	1005	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28463704	1006	1032	recovery of naming as well	T040	C2004454
28463704	1052	1067	neural recovery	T169	C3714606
28463704	1072	1092	reading and spelling	T048	C1404290
28463704	1121	1135	neural changes	T169	C3714606
28463704	1169	1181	orthographic	T090	C0871846
28463704	1182	1192	processing	T041	C0025361
28463704	1230	1253	longitudinal behavioral	T062	C0004939
28463704	1258	1295	functional magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0376335
28463704	1297	1301	fMRI	T060	C0376335
28463704	1311	1318	reading	T041	C0586739
28463704	1320	1328	spelling	UnknownType	C0869025
28463704	1334	1354	visual object naming	T170	C0451342
28463704	1410	1416	stroke	T047	C0038454
28463704	1441	1451	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28463704	1485	1497	orthographic	T090	C0871846
28463704	1498	1516	lexical processing	T041	C0871801
28463704	1537	1550	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
28463704	1554	1571	neural activation	T169	C3714606
28463704	1608	1620	orthographic	T090	C0871846
28463704	1621	1639	lexical processing	T041	C0871801
28463704	1651	1662	left mid-FG	T029	C2953769
28463704	1667	1692	inferior frontal junction	T023	C0152298
28463704	1694	1697	IFJ	T023	C0152298
28463704	1719	1733	neural changes	T169	C3714606
28463704	1764	1776	orthographic	T090	C0871846
28463704	1777	1787	processing	T041	C0025361
28463704	1815	1822	reading	T041	C0586739
28463704	1827	1835	spelling	UnknownType	C0869025
28463704	1849	1869	visual object naming	T170	C0451342
28463704	1881	1892	left mid-FG	T029	C2953769
28463704	1915	1930	left PCA stroke	T047	C2062605
28463704	1975	1987	orthographic	T090	C0871846
28463704	1988	2006	lexical processing	T041	C0871801
28463704	2031	2047	posterior region	T082	C1254362
28463704	2048	2056	adjacent	T082	C0205117
28463704	2064	2070	stroke	T047	C0038454
28463704	2095	2110	distant frontal	T082	C1254362
28463704	2111	2123	orthographic	T090	C0871846
28463704	2124	2134	processing	T041	C0025361

28463933|t|Brief Potentially Ictal Rhythmic Discharges [B(I)RDs] in Noncritically Ill Adults
28463933|a|Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges (B(I)RDs) have been described in neonates and critically ill adults, and their association with seizures has been demonstrated. Their significance in noncritically ill adults remains unclear. We aimed to investigate their prevalence, electrographic characteristics, and clinical significance. We identified adult patients with B(I)RDs who received long-term EEG recordings either in the epilepsy monitoring unit or in the ambulatory setting. Patients with acute findings on imaging or status epilepticus were excluded. B(I)RDs were defined as very brief (<10 seconds) runs of focal or generalized sharply contoured rhythmic activity greater than 4 Hz, with or without evolution, that were not consistent with any known normal or benign pattern. The clinical history, EEG, and imaging results were retrieved. Each patient with B(I)RDs was matched by age and etiology to a control group with epileptiform discharges but without B(I)RDs in a 1:2 ratio. We identified B(I)RDs in 15 patients of 1,230 EEGs (1.2%). The pattern typically consisted of 0.5 to 4 second runs of sharply contoured alpha activity without evolution. All patients with B(I)RDs had epilepsy, and, when compared with controls with epilepsy but without BIRDs, were more likely to be medically refractory (10 of 15 [67%] vs. 5 of 30 [17%]; P < 0.01). All seizure onsets colocalized to the B(I)RDs, and most were morphologically similar. In noncritically ill patients, B(I)RDs are associated with refractory epilepsy and their location is correlated with the seizure onset area.
28463933	0	43	Brief Potentially Ictal Rhythmic Discharges	T033	C0243095
28463933	45	52	B(I)RDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	57	70	Noncritically	T080	C0205556
28463933	71	74	Ill	T184	C0221423
28463933	75	81	Adults	T100	C0001675
28463933	82	125	Brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges	T033	C0243095
28463933	127	134	B(I)RDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	159	167	neonates	T100	C0021289
28463933	172	186	critically ill	T047	C0010340
28463933	187	193	adults	T100	C0001675
28463933	205	216	association	T080	C0439849
28463933	222	230	seizures	T184	C0036572
28463933	260	272	significance	T078	C0750502
28463933	276	289	noncritically	T080	C0205556
28463933	290	293	ill	T184	C0221423
28463933	294	300	adults	T100	C0001675
28463933	309	316	unclear	T033	C3845108
28463933	330	341	investigate	T169	C1292732
28463933	348	358	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28463933	360	390	electrographic characteristics	T080	C1521970
28463933	396	417	clinical significance	T033	C2826293
28463933	433	438	adult	T100	C0001675
28463933	439	447	patients	T101	C0030705
28463933	453	460	B(I)RDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	465	473	received	T080	C1514756
28463933	474	483	long-term	T079	C0443252
28463933	484	487	EEG	T060	C0013819
28463933	488	498	recordings	T170	C0025102
28463933	513	521	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28463933	522	537	monitoring unit	T074	C0025080
28463933	568	576	Patients	T101	C0030705
28463933	582	596	acute findings	T184	C0037088
28463933	600	607	imaging	T060	C0011923
28463933	611	629	status epilepticus	T047	C0038220
28463933	645	652	B(I)RDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	674	679	brief	T079	C1879313
28463933	723	758	sharply contoured rhythmic activity	T033	C0243095
28463933	794	803	evolution	T169	C0205245
28463933	819	834	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28463933	845	851	normal	T080	C0205307
28463933	855	861	benign	T080	C0205183
28463933	862	869	pattern	T082	C0449774
28463933	875	891	clinical history	T169	C1285163
28463933	893	896	EEG	T060	C0013819
28463933	902	909	imaging	T060	C0011923
28463933	939	946	patient	T101	C0030705
28463933	952	959	B(I)RDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	964	971	matched	T080	C1708943
28463933	975	978	age	T032	C0001779
28463933	983	991	etiology	T169	C1314792
28463933	997	1010	control group	T096	C0009932
28463933	1016	1039	epileptiform discharges	T033	C0243095
28463933	1052	1059	B(I)RDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	1079	1089	identified	T080	C0205396
28463933	1090	1097	B(I)RDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	1104	1112	patients	T101	C0030705
28463933	1122	1126	EEGs	T060	C0013819
28463933	1139	1146	pattern	T082	C0449774
28463933	1194	1226	sharply contoured alpha activity	T033	C0243095
28463933	1235	1244	evolution	T169	C0205245
28463933	1250	1258	patients	T101	C0030705
28463933	1264	1271	B(I)RDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	1276	1284	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28463933	1310	1318	controls	T096	C0009932
28463933	1324	1332	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28463933	1345	1350	BIRDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	1375	1395	medically refractory	T169	C0205269
28463933	1446	1453	seizure	T184	C0036572
28463933	1454	1460	onsets	T079	C1299997
28463933	1480	1487	B(I)RDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	1503	1518	morphologically	T080	C0205556
28463933	1531	1544	noncritically	T080	C0205556
28463933	1545	1548	ill	T184	C0221423
28463933	1549	1557	patients	T101	C0030705
28463933	1559	1566	B(I)RDs	T033	C0243095
28463933	1571	1586	associated with	T080	C0332281
28463933	1587	1597	refractory	T169	C0205269
28463933	1598	1606	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28463933	1617	1625	location	T082	C0450429
28463933	1649	1656	seizure	T184	C0036572
28463933	1657	1667	onset area	T033	C0243095

28464019|t|Radiologic assessment of quality of root canal fillings and periapical status in an Austrian subpopulation - An observational study
28464019|a|Progress in endodontic techniques and methodological advances have altered root canal therapy over the last decades. These techniques and methods need periodical documentation. This observational study determined the current prevalence of endodontic treatments, and investigated the relationship of various factors with the periapical status in a Lower Austrian subpopulation. One thousand orthopantomograms of first-time university adult patients radiographed at an outpatient clinic were evaluated. For each tooth, the presence of periradicular pathosis and/or endodontic treatment was recorded, as was the quality of (post-) endodontic treatment (homogeneity and length of root canal fillings; preparation failures; posts / screws; apicoectomies; coronal restorations). Two evaluators, blinded to each other, scored all teeth. In cases of disagreement, they joined for a consensus score. In all, 22,586 teeth were counted. Of these, 2,907 teeth (12.9%) had periapical pathosis, while 2,504 teeth had undergone root canal treatment. Of the endodontically treated teeth, 52% showed no radiographic signs of apical periodontitis, while 44.9% had overt apical lesions, and 3,1% revealed widened periodontal ligament space. The majority of the root canal fillings was inhomogeneous (70.4%); 75.4% were rated too short, and 3.8% too long. The presence of apical pathosis was significantly correlated (odds ratio (OR) 2.556 [confidence interval (CI) 2.076-3.146]; P<0.0001) with poor root canal fillings (length and homogeneity). Posts or screws positively affected periapical status (OR 1.853 [CI 1.219-2.819]; P = 0.004), but endodontically treated posterior teeth were infrequently restored (posts, 7.5%; screws, 2.7%). Best results were found for teeth with both appropriate endodontic treatment and adequate coronal restoration. A high prevalence of periradicular radiolucencies was observed with root canal filled teeth, along with high numbers of unmet treatment needs. Periapical health was associated with adequate root canal obturation and high-grade postendodontic restorations, and quality regarding these latter aspects is considered mandatory to promote periapical health.
28464019	0	21	Radiologic assessment	T060	C0043299
28464019	36	55	root canal fillings	T061	C0035848
28464019	60	77	periapical status	T082	C0729269
28464019	84	92	Austrian	T098	C0337795
28464019	93	106	subpopulation	T098	C1257890
28464019	112	131	observational study	T062	C1518527
28464019	132	140	Progress	T169	C1280477
28464019	144	165	endodontic techniques	T061	C0700632
28464019	207	225	root canal therapy	T061	C0035849
28464019	283	293	periodical	T170	C0031082
28464019	294	307	documentation	T170	C0920316
28464019	314	333	observational study	T062	C1518527
28464019	357	367	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28464019	371	393	endodontic treatments,	T061	C0700632
28464019	398	410	investigated	T169	C1292732
28464019	456	473	periapical status	T082	C0729269
28464019	485	493	Austrian	T098	C0337795
28464019	494	507	subpopulation	T098	C1257890
28464019	522	539	orthopantomograms	T060	C0034579
28464019	554	564	university	T073,T093	C0020028
28464019	571	579	patients	T101	C0030705
28464019	580	592	radiographed	T060	C1306645
28464019	599	616	outpatient clinic	T073,T093	C0029916
28464019	622	631	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28464019	642	647	tooth	T023	C0040426
28464019	653	661	presence	T033	C0150312
28464019	665	687	periradicular pathosis	T047	C0031028
28464019	695	715	endodontic treatment	T061	C0700632
28464019	760	780	endodontic treatment	T061	C0700632
28464019	782	793	homogeneity	T080	C1881065
28464019	808	827	root canal fillings	T061	C0035848
28464019	829	849	preparation failures	T033	C2938896
28464019	851	856	posts	T074	C0183062
28464019	859	865	screws	T074	C0301559
28464019	867	880	apicoectomies	T061	C0003571
28464019	882	902	coronal restorations	T061	C0204297
28464019	909	919	evaluators	T097	C1707957
28464019	921	928	blinded	T062	C0150108
28464019	944	950	scored	T081	C0449820
28464019	955	960	teeth	T023	C0040426
28464019	1016	1021	score	T081	C0449820
28464019	1038	1056	teeth were counted	T081	C0449772
28464019	1074	1079	teeth	T023	C0040426
28464019	1092	1111	periapical pathosis	T047	C0031028
28464019	1125	1130	teeth	T023	C0040426
28464019	1145	1165	root canal treatment	T061	C0035849
28464019	1174	1202	endodontically treated teeth	T047	C0376699
28464019	1218	1230	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28464019	1240	1260	apical periodontitis	T047	C4082298
28464019	1284	1298	apical lesions	T047	C1402310
28464019	1318	1352	widened periodontal ligament space	T047	C1290664
28464019	1374	1393	root canal fillings	T061	C0035848
28464019	1472	1480	presence	T033	C0150312
28464019	1484	1490	apical	T023	C0524789
28464019	1491	1499	pathosis	T047	C0012634
28464019	1504	1528	significantly correlated	T080	C1707520
28464019	1530	1540	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28464019	1542	1544	OR	T081	C0028873
28464019	1553	1572	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28464019	1574	1576	CI	T081	C0009667
28464019	1612	1631	root canal fillings	T061	C0035848
28464019	1644	1655	homogeneity	T080	C1881065
28464019	1658	1663	Posts	T074	C0183062
28464019	1667	1673	screws	T074	C0301559
28464019	1694	1711	periapical status	T082	C0729269
28464019	1713	1715	OR	T081	C0028873
28464019	1756	1794	endodontically treated posterior teeth	T047	C0376699
28464019	1813	1821	restored	T061	C0565067
28464019	1823	1828	posts	T074	C0183062
28464019	1836	1842	screws	T074	C0301559
28464019	1879	1884	teeth	T023	C0040426
28464019	1907	1927	endodontic treatment	T061	C0700632
28464019	1941	1960	coronal restoration	T061	C0204297
28464019	1964	1979	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
28464019	1983	2011	periradicular radiolucencies	T033	C1852169
28464019	2030	2053	root canal filled teeth	T023	C0040426
28464019	2088	2097	treatment	T061	C0087111
28464019	2105	2115	Periapical	T082	C0729269
28464019	2116	2122	health	T078	C0018684
28464019	2127	2142	associated with	T080	C0332281
28464019	2152	2173	root canal obturation	T061	C0035848
28464019	2189	2216	postendodontic restorations	T061	C2368673
28464019	2296	2306	periapical	T082	C0729269
28464019	2307	2313	health	T078	C0018684

28464071|t|Chemical composition and amino acid digestibility of soybean meal produced in the United States, China, Argentina, Brazil, or India
28464071|a|An experiment was conducted to compare nutritional composition of soybean meal (SBM) produced in China, Argentina, Brazil, the U.S ., or India and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in these SBM when fed to growing pigs. Five sources of SBM from China, Argentina, Brazil, and the U.S ., and 4 sources from India were collected for a total of 24 sources of SBM. All samples were analyzed for energy, DM, and nutrients, and each source was included in a cornstarch based diet in which SBM was the only AA contributing ingredient. An N-free diet was also formulated. Twenty-five barrows (initial BW: 30.53 ± 1.73 kg) were equipped with a T-cannula in the distal ileum and randomly allotted to a 25 × 8 Youden square design with 25 diets and 8 periods. Results indicate that the concentration of CP was greater (< 0.05) in SBM from Brazil and India (49.3 and 49.5%, respectively) than in SBM from China, Argentina, or the U.S. (45.1, 46.7, and 47.3%, respectively, as-fed basis). The concentration of most indispensable AA followed the same pattern as CP with the exception that SBM from the U.S. contained more (< 0.05) indispensable AA than SBM from China or Argentina. However, SBM from India contained more (< 0.05) trypsin inhibitors than SBM from the other countries. A greater (< 0.05) AID and SID of CP and most AA was observed in SBM from the U.S. compared with SBM from Brazil, Argentina, and India, but there were no differences between SBM from the U.S. and SBM from China. However, because of the lower concentration of AA in SBM from China, the concentration of standardized ileal digestible AA in SBM from China was less (< 0.05) than in SBM from the U.S. Soybean meal from the U.S. or Brazil had less (< 0.05) variability in SID values than SBM from Argentina, China, or India. In conclusion, the SID of CP and AA is dependent on the country where the SBM is produced. This difference and the variability within each country should be evaluated when formulating diets for pigs.
28464071	0	20	Chemical composition	T070	C0243176
28464071	25	35	amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28464071	36	49	digestibility	T081	C0392762
28464071	53	65	soybean meal	T168	C0037733
28464071	82	95	United States	T083	C0041703
28464071	97	102	China	T083	C0008115
28464071	104	113	Argentina	T083	C0003761
28464071	115	121	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28464071	126	131	India	T083	C0021201
28464071	171	182	nutritional	T080	C1521739
28464071	183	194	composition	T070	C0243176
28464071	198	210	soybean meal	T168	C0037733
28464071	212	215	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	229	234	China	T083	C0008115
28464071	236	245	Argentina	T083	C0003761
28464071	247	253	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28464071	259	262	U.S	T083	C0041703
28464071	269	274	India	T083	C0021201
28464071	283	311	apparent ileal digestibility	T081	C0392762
28464071	313	316	AID	T081	C0392762
28464071	326	358	standardized ileal digestibility	T081	C0392762
28464071	360	363	SID	T081	C0392762
28464071	368	370	CP	T116,T123	C0033684
28464071	375	377	AA	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28464071	387	390	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	411	415	pigs	T015	C0039005
28464071	433	436	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	442	447	China	T083	C0008115
28464071	449	458	Argentina	T083	C0003761
28464071	460	466	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28464071	476	479	U.S	T083	C0041703
28464071	502	507	India	T083	C0021201
28464071	552	555	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	587	593	energy	T081	C1442080
28464071	595	597	DM	T167	C1720884
28464071	603	612	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28464071	648	669	cornstarch based diet	T109,T121	C1384515
28464071	679	682	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	696	698	AA	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28464071	712	722	ingredient	T120	C1550600
28464071	727	738	N-free diet	T168	C0012155
28464071	848	860	distal ileum	T029	C0227327
28464071	895	915	Youden square design	T062	C0035171
28464071	924	929	diets	T168	C0012155
28464071	936	943	periods	T079	C1948053
28464071	971	984	concentration	T081	C0457929
28464071	988	990	CP	T116,T123	C0033684
28464071	1015	1018	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1024	1030	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28464071	1035	1040	India	T083	C0021201
28464071	1080	1083	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1089	1094	China	T083	C0008115
28464071	1096	1105	Argentina	T083	C0003761
28464071	1114	1117	U.S	T083	C0041703
28464071	1176	1189	concentration	T081	C0457929
28464071	1212	1214	AA	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28464071	1244	1246	CP	T116,T123	C0033684
28464071	1271	1274	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1284	1287	U.S	T083	C0041703
28464071	1327	1329	AA	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28464071	1335	1338	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1344	1349	China	T083	C0008115
28464071	1353	1362	Argentina	T083	C0003761
28464071	1373	1376	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1382	1387	India	T083	C0021201
28464071	1412	1430	trypsin inhibitors	T116,T121,T123	C0041242
28464071	1436	1439	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1455	1464	countries	T083	C0454664
28464071	1485	1488	AID	T081	C0392762
28464071	1493	1496	SID	T081	C0392762
28464071	1500	1502	CP	T116,T123	C0033684
28464071	1512	1514	AA	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28464071	1531	1534	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1544	1547	U.S	T083	C0041703
28464071	1563	1566	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1572	1578	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28464071	1580	1589	Argentina	T083	C0003761
28464071	1595	1600	India	T083	C0021201
28464071	1640	1643	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1653	1656	U.S	T083	C0041703
28464071	1662	1665	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1671	1676	China	T083	C0008115
28464071	1708	1721	concentration	T081	C0457929
28464071	1725	1727	AA	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28464071	1731	1734	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1740	1745	China	T083	C0008115
28464071	1751	1764	concentration	T081	C0457929
28464071	1768	1797	standardized ileal digestible	T081	C0392762
28464071	1798	1800	AA	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28464071	1804	1807	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1813	1818	China	T083	C0008115
28464071	1845	1848	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1858	1861	U.S	T083	C0041703
28464071	1885	1888	U.S	T083	C0041703
28464071	1893	1899	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28464071	1933	1936	SID	T081	C0392762
28464071	1949	1952	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	1958	1967	Argentina	T083	C0003761
28464071	1969	1974	China	T083	C0008115
28464071	1979	1984	India	T083	C0021201
28464071	2005	2008	SID	T081	C0392762
28464071	2012	2014	CP	T116,T123	C0033684
28464071	2019	2021	AA	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28464071	2042	2049	country	T083	C0454664
28464071	2060	2063	SBM	T168	C0037733
28464071	2125	2132	country	T083	C0454664
28464071	2158	2175	formulating diets	T061	C0012164
28464071	2180	2184	pigs	T015	C0039005

28464073|t|BREEDING AND GENETICS SYMPOSIUM: Breeding for resilience to heat stress effects in dairy ruminants. A comprehensive review
28464073|a|Selection for heat tolerant (HT) animals in dairy production has been so far linked to estimation of declines in production using milk recording and meteorological information on the day of control using reaction norms. Results from these models show that there is a reasonable amount of genetic variability in the individual response to high heat loads, which makes feasible selection of HT animals at low costs. However, the antagonistic relationship between level of production and response to heat stress (HS) implies that selection for HT animals under this approach must be done with caution so that productivity is not damaged. Decomposition of the genetic variability in principal components (PC) can provide selection criteria independent of milk production level although biological interpretation of PC is difficult. Moreover, given that response to heat stress for each animal is estimated with very sparse information collected under different physiological and management circumstances, biased (normally underestimation) and lack of accuracy may be expected. Alternative phenotypic characterization of HT can come from the use of physiological traits, which have also shown moderate heritability. However, costs of a large scale implementation based on physiological characteristics has precluded its use. Another alternative is the use of biomarkers that define heat tolerance. A review of biomarkers of HS from more recent studies is provided. Of particular interest are milk biomarkers, which together with infrared spectra prediction equations can provide useful tools for genetic selection. In the 'omics' era, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics have been already used to detect genes affecting HT. A review of findings in these areas is also provided. Except for the slick hair gene, there are no other genes for which variants have been clearly associated with HT. However, integration of omics information could help in pointing at knots of the HS control network and, in the end, to a panel of markers to be used in the selection of HT animals. Overall, HT is a complex phenomenon that requires integration of fine phenotypes and omics information to provide accurate tools for selection without damaging productivity. Technological developments to make on-farm implementation feasible and with greater insight into the key biomarkers and genes involved in HT are needed.
28464073	0	8	BREEDING	T040	C0178477
28464073	13	21	GENETICS	T169	C0314603
28464073	22	31	SYMPOSIUM	T068	C0086047
28464073	33	41	Breeding	T040	C0178477
28464073	46	64	resilience to heat	T033	C0424795
28464073	60	79	heat stress effects	T037	C0282507
28464073	83	88	dairy	T032	C3687582
28464073	89	98	ruminants	T015	C0035950
28464073	102	115	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28464073	116	122	review	T170	C0282443
28464073	123	132	Selection	T052	C1707391
28464073	137	150	heat tolerant	T033	C0424795
28464073	152	154	HT	T033	C0424795
28464073	156	163	animals	T008	C0003062
28464073	167	183	dairy production	T032	C3687582
28464073	210	220	estimation	T081	C0750572
28464073	236	246	production	T057	C0033268
28464073	253	257	milk	T031	C0026131
28464073	272	286	meteorological	T070	C0008946
28464073	287	298	information	T078	C1533716
28464073	343	350	Results	T033	C0683954
28464073	362	368	models	T170	C3161035
28464073	411	418	genetic	T169	C0314603
28464073	419	430	variability	T077	C2827666
28464073	438	448	individual	T008	C0003062
28464073	449	457	response	T032	C0871261
28464073	461	465	high	T080	C0205250
28464073	466	470	heat	T070	C0018837
28464073	499	508	selection	T052	C1707391
28464073	512	514	HT	T033	C0424795
28464073	515	522	animals	T008	C0003062
28464073	550	562	antagonistic	T120	C0003139
28464073	563	575	relationship	T080	C0439849
28464073	584	589	level	T080	C0441889
28464073	593	603	production	T057	C0033268
28464073	608	631	response to heat stress	T039	C0282498
28464073	633	635	HS	T039	C0282498
28464073	650	659	selection	T052	C1707391
28464073	664	666	HT	T033	C0424795
28464073	667	674	animals	T008	C0003062
28464073	686	694	approach	T169	C1292724
28464073	703	720	done with caution	T169	C1710588
28464073	729	741	productivity	T081	C0033269
28464073	749	756	damaged	T169	C1883709
28464073	758	771	Decomposition	T080	C0205556
28464073	779	786	genetic	T169	C0314603
28464073	787	798	variability	T077	C2827666
28464073	802	822	principal components	T081	C1882460
28464073	824	826	PC	T081	C1882460
28464073	840	858	selection criteria	T080	C0242801
28464073	859	870	independent	T078	C0085862
28464073	874	878	milk	T031	C0026131
28464073	879	889	production	T057	C0033268
28464073	905	915	biological	T080	C0205460
28464073	916	930	interpretation	T170	C0459471
28464073	934	936	PC	T081	C1882460
28464073	972	995	response to heat stress	T039	C0282498
28464073	1005	1011	animal	T008	C0003062
28464073	1015	1024	estimated	T081	C0750572
28464073	1035	1053	sparse information	T078	C1533716
28464073	1080	1093	physiological	T169	C0205463
28464073	1098	1122	management circumstances	T078	C1254370
28464073	1162	1166	lack	T080	C0332268
28464073	1170	1178	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28464073	1186	1194	expected	T170	C1517001
28464073	1196	1207	Alternative	T077	C1523987
28464073	1208	1218	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28464073	1219	1235	characterization	T052	C1880022
28464073	1239	1241	HT	T033	C0424795
28464073	1267	1280	physiological	T169	C0205463
28464073	1281	1287	traits	T032	C0599883
28464073	1311	1319	moderate	T080	C0205081
28464073	1320	1332	heritability	T169	C0728826
28464073	1366	1380	implementation	T052	C1708476
28464073	1390	1403	physiological	T169	C0205463
28464073	1404	1419	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28464073	1451	1462	alternative	T077	C1523987
28464073	1477	1487	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28464073	1500	1514	heat tolerance	T039	C3544386
28464073	1518	1527	review of	T169	C0699752
28464073	1528	1538	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28464073	1542	1544	HS	T039	C0282498
28464073	1555	1561	recent	T079	C0332185
28464073	1562	1569	studies	T062	C2603343
28464073	1610	1614	milk	T031	C0026131
28464073	1615	1625	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28464073	1647	1663	infrared spectra	T059	C0260249
28464073	1664	1674	prediction	T078	C0681842
28464073	1675	1684	equations	T077	C0552449
28464073	1714	1731	genetic selection	T045	C0036576
28464073	1753	1761	genomics	T091	C0887950
28464073	1763	1778	transcriptomics	T090	C0028811
28464073	1780	1790	proteomics	T091	C0872252
28464073	1795	1807	metabolomics	T091	C1328813
28464073	1834	1840	detect	T033	C0442726
28464073	1841	1846	genes	T028	C0017337
28464073	1847	1856	affecting	T169	C0392760
28464073	1857	1859	HT	T033	C0424795
28464073	1863	1872	review of	T169	C0699752
28464073	1873	1881	findings	T033	C0243095
28464073	1936	1940	hair	T023	C0018494
28464073	1941	1945	gene	T028	C0017337
28464073	1966	1971	genes	T028	C0017337
28464073	1982	1990	variants	T028	C0678941
28464073	2009	2024	associated with	T080	C0332281
28464073	2025	2027	HT	T033	C0424795
28464073	2053	2070	omics information	T078	C1533716
28464073	2110	2112	HS	T037	C0282507
28464073	2110	2112	HS	T039	C0282498
28464073	2113	2120	control	T080	C0243148
28464073	2121	2128	network	T169	C1882071
28464073	2160	2167	markers	T074	C2745888
28464073	2186	2195	selection	T052	C1707391
28464073	2199	2201	HT	T033	C0424795
28464073	2202	2209	animals	T008	C0003062
28464073	2220	2222	HT	T033	C0424795
28464073	2228	2235	complex	T080	C0439855
28464073	2236	2246	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28464073	2261	2272	integration	UnknownType	C0678673
28464073	2281	2291	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28464073	2296	2313	omics information	T078	C1533716
28464073	2344	2353	selection	T052	C1707391
28464073	2362	2370	damaging	T169	C1883709
28464073	2371	2383	productivity	T081	C0033269
28464073	2385	2411	Technological developments	T170	C0599834
28464073	2420	2427	on-farm	T082	C0557759
28464073	2428	2442	implementation	T052	C1708476
28464073	2490	2500	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28464073	2505	2510	genes	T028	C0017337
28464073	2511	2519	involved	T169	C1314939
28464073	2523	2525	HT	T033	C0424795

28464291|t|Developing understanding of object fall: Going beyond inhibitory processes
28464291|a|A study is reported where 118 participants aged between 10 years and early 20s drew the trajectories they expected objects to follow as they fell. The younger participants typically anticipated backward trajectories during fall from moving carriers while forward but non-parabolic trajectories were relatively more frequent amongst the older participants. Both patterns suggest strong sociocultural influences, with implications for models that regard development in this area as purely the inhibition of principles established in infancy. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Research with infants demonstrates an early - established belief that dropped objects fall straight down. The erroneous expectations that pre-schoolers hold about object fall are consistent with failure to inhibit the presumption of straight - down fall, in contexts where it is inappropriate. What does this study add? The research replicates and extends research with older participants, which indicates errors that cannot be explained via failed inhibition of straight - down fall. It is the first study to trace patterns of errors across late childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. A consequence of the findings is that adequate modelling in developmental psychology must consider multilayered interactions between prior representations and sociocultural experiences.
28464291	0	10	Developing	T169	C1527148
28464291	11	24	understanding	T041	C0162340
28464291	28	34	object	T072	C0347997
28464291	35	39	fall	T033	C0085639
28464291	54	64	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28464291	65	74	processes	T067	C1522240
28464291	77	82	study	T062	C2603343
28464291	86	94	reported	T170	C0684224
28464291	105	117	participants	T098	C0679646
28464291	118	122	aged	T032	C0001779
28464291	144	149	early	T079	C1279919
28464291	163	175	trajectories	T079	C0750729
28464291	181	189	expected	T170	C1517001
28464291	190	197	objects	T072	C0347997
28464291	201	207	follow	T169	C4281991
28464291	216	220	fell	T033	C0085639
28464291	226	233	younger	T079	C0332239
28464291	234	246	participants	T098	C0679646
28464291	247	256	typically	T080	C3538928
28464291	257	268	anticipated	T033	C3840775
28464291	269	277	backward	T082	C0439781
28464291	278	290	trajectories	T079	C0750729
28464291	298	302	fall	T033	C0085639
28464291	308	314	moving	T040	C0560560
28464291	315	323	carriers	T073	C3888060
28464291	330	337	forward	T082	C0439780
28464291	342	368	non-parabolic trajectories	T079	C0750729
28464291	374	384	relatively	T080	C0205345
28464291	385	389	more	T081	C0205172
28464291	390	398	frequent	T079	C0332183
28464291	411	429	older participants	T098	C0001792
28464291	436	444	patterns	T082	C0449774
28464291	445	452	suggest	T078	C1705535
28464291	453	459	strong	T080	C0442821
28464291	460	473	sociocultural	UnknownType	C0680352
28464291	474	484	influences	T077	C4054723
28464291	491	503	implications	T078	C3146298
28464291	508	514	models	T170	C3161035
28464291	527	538	development	T169	C1527148
28464291	547	551	area	T078	C0178566
28464291	555	561	purely	T080	C2963144
28464291	566	576	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28464291	580	590	principles	UnknownType	C0678989
28464291	591	602	established	T080	C0443211
28464291	606	613	infancy	T079	C0231330
28464291	615	624	Statement	T078	C1710187
28464291	628	640	contribution	T052	C1880177
28464291	657	662	known	T080	C0205309
28464291	671	678	subject	T096	C0681850
28464291	680	688	Research	T062	C0035168
28464291	694	701	infants	T100	C0021270
28464291	702	714	demonstrates	T080	C0443289
28464291	718	723	early	T079	C1279919
28464291	726	737	established	T080	C0443211
28464291	738	744	belief	T078	C0004951
28464291	750	757	dropped	T052	C1705648
28464291	758	765	objects	T072	C0347997
28464291	766	770	fall	T033	C0085639
28464291	771	779	straight	T082	C0445291
28464291	780	784	down	T082	C0205104
28464291	790	799	erroneous	T078	C1547323
28464291	800	812	expectations	T078	C0679138
28464291	818	831	pre-schoolers	T100	C0008100
28464291	832	836	hold	T052	C1948035
28464291	843	849	object	T072	C0347997
28464291	850	854	fall	T033	C0085639
28464291	859	874	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28464291	875	882	failure	T055	C0680095
28464291	886	893	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28464291	898	909	presumption	T078	C1254370
28464291	913	921	straight	T082	C0445291
28464291	924	928	down	T082	C0205104
28464291	929	933	fall	T033	C0085639
28464291	938	946	contexts	T078	C0449255
28464291	959	972	inappropriate	T080	C1548788
28464291	989	994	study	T062	C2603343
28464291	1004	1012	research	T062	C0035168
28464291	1013	1023	replicates	T169	C0205173
28464291	1028	1035	extends	T169	C0231448
28464291	1036	1044	research	T062	C0035168
28464291	1050	1068	older participants	T098	C0001792
28464291	1076	1085	indicates	T078	C3146298
28464291	1086	1092	errors	T080	C0743559
28464291	1108	1117	explained	T058	C3526595
28464291	1122	1128	failed	T169	C0231175
28464291	1129	1139	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28464291	1143	1151	straight	T082	C0445291
28464291	1154	1158	down	T082	C0205104
28464291	1159	1163	fall	T033	C0085639
28464291	1181	1186	study	T062	C2603343
28464291	1196	1204	patterns	T082	C0449774
28464291	1208	1214	errors	T080	C0743559
28464291	1222	1226	late	T079	C0205087
28464291	1227	1236	childhood	T079	C0231335
28464291	1238	1249	adolescence	T079	C0001578
28464291	1254	1259	early	T079	C1279919
28464291	1260	1269	adulthood	T079	C0700597
28464291	1273	1287	consequence of	T169	C0686907
28464291	1292	1300	findings	T033	C0243095
28464291	1309	1317	adequate	T080	C0205411
28464291	1318	1327	modelling	T077	C3714583
28464291	1331	1355	developmental psychology	T091	C1511810
28464291	1361	1369	consider	T078	C0750591
28464291	1370	1382	multilayered	T077	C1254372
28464291	1383	1395	interactions	T169	C1704675
28464291	1404	1409	prior	T079	C0332152
28464291	1410	1425	representations	T052	C1882932
28464291	1430	1443	sociocultural	UnknownType	C0680352
28464291	1444	1455	experiences	T041	C0596545

28464554|t|Does training of fellows affect peri-operative outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy?
28464554|a|To evaluate the impact of fellows ' involvement on the peri-operative outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). We analysed 216 patients who underwent RAPN for a small renal tumour. We stratified our cohort into two groups according to the involvement of a fellow surgeon during the procedure: expert surgeon operating alone (expert group) and fellow operating under the supervision of the expert surgeon (fellow group). Peri-operative data were compared between the two groups. Linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of fellows ' involvement on peri-operative and postoperative outcomes. Trifecta and margins ischaemia complications (MIC) score achievement rates were used to assess the quality of surgery in both the expert and fellow groups. Trifecta was defined as a combination of warm ischaemia time <25 min, negative surgical margins and no peri-operative complications. MIC score was defined as negative surgical margins, ischaemia time <20 min, and absence of complications grade ≥3. Fellows were involved in a total of 89 procedures (41%). Patients ' characteristics were similar in the two groups. Operating time and warm ischaemia time (WIT) were longer in the fellow group (180 vs 120 min, P < 0.001, and 18 vs 14 min, P = 0.002, respectively). Length of hospital stay (LOS) was longer in the fellow group (5 vs 4.3 days; P = 0.05) and patients in this group had higher estimated blood loss (EBL; 400 vs 300 mL; P = 0.01), but this had no impact on transfusion rate (14% vs 11%; P = 0.43). Positive surgical margin rates were similar in the fellow and expert groups (2.2% vs 3.1%; P = 0.70). Major complications were more frequent in the fellow group (12.3% vs 6.3%), but the difference was not significant (P = 0.10). In multivariable analysis, fellow involvement was predictive of longer WIT (β = 0.22; P = 0.003) and operating time (β = 0.49; P < 0.001), but was not associated with EBL (β = 0.12, P = 0.09) or LOS (β = 0.12, P = 0.11). Finally, fellow involvement was associated with a lower rate of trifecta and MIC score accomplishment (odds ratio [OR] 0.53, P = 0.05 and OR 0.46, P = 0.01, respectively). Training fellows to perform RAPN is associated with longer operating time and WIT but does not appear to compromise other peri-operative outcomes.
28464554	5	13	training	T065	C0220931
28464554	17	24	fellows	T097	C4300223
28464554	32	46	peri-operative	T079	C1518988
28464554	59	93	robot-assisted partial nephrectomy	T061	C4039858
28464554	111	117	impact	T080	C4049986
28464554	121	128	fellows	T097	C4300223
28464554	150	164	peri-operative	T079	C1518988
28464554	177	211	robot-assisted partial nephrectomy	T061	C4039858
28464554	213	217	RAPN	T061	C4039858
28464554	236	244	patients	T101	C0030705
28464554	259	263	RAPN	T061	C4039858
28464554	276	288	renal tumour	T191	C0022665
28464554	308	314	cohort	T098	C0599755
28464554	324	330	groups	T078	C0441833
28464554	365	371	fellow	T097	C4300223
28464554	372	379	surgeon	T097	C0582175
28464554	402	408	expert	T097	C2348234
28464554	409	416	surgeon	T097	C0582175
28464554	417	426	operating	T061	C0543467
28464554	434	440	expert	T097	C2348234
28464554	441	446	group	T078	C0441833
28464554	452	458	fellow	T097	C4300223
28464554	459	468	operating	T061	C0543467
28464554	498	504	expert	T097	C2348234
28464554	505	512	surgeon	T097	C0582175
28464554	514	520	fellow	T097	C4300223
28464554	521	526	group	T078	C0441833
28464554	529	543	Peri-operative	T079	C1518988
28464554	544	548	data	T078	C1511726
28464554	579	585	groups	T078	C0441833
28464554	587	593	Linear	T081	C0023733
28464554	598	626	logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
28464554	656	662	impact	T080	C4049986
28464554	666	673	fellows	T097	C4300223
28464554	691	705	peri-operative	T079	C1518988
28464554	710	723	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28464554	734	742	Trifecta	T046	C0030660
28464554	747	790	margins ischaemia complications (MIC) score	T081	C0449820
28464554	791	808	achievement rates	T081	C1521828
28464554	833	840	quality	T080	C0332306
28464554	844	851	surgery	T061	C0543467
28464554	864	870	expert	T097	C2348234
28464554	875	881	fellow	T097	C4300223
28464554	882	888	groups	T078	C0441833
28464554	890	898	Trifecta	T046	C0030660
28464554	931	945	warm ischaemia	T046	C0022116
28464554	946	950	time	T079	C0040223
28464554	960	985	negative surgical margins	T033	C1709157
28464554	993	1007	peri-operative	T079	C1518988
28464554	1008	1021	complications	T046	C0009566
28464554	1023	1032	MIC score	T081	C0449820
28464554	1048	1073	negative surgical margins	T033	C1709157
28464554	1075	1084	ischaemia	T046	C0022116
28464554	1085	1089	time	T079	C0040223
28464554	1114	1127	complications	T046	C0009566
28464554	1128	1133	grade	T185	C0441800
28464554	1138	1145	Fellows	T097	C4300223
28464554	1195	1203	Patients	T101	C0030705
28464554	1206	1221	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28464554	1246	1252	groups	T078	C0441833
28464554	1254	1263	Operating	T061	C0543467
28464554	1264	1268	time	T079	C0040223
28464554	1273	1287	warm ischaemia	T046	C0022116
28464554	1288	1292	time	T079	C0040223
28464554	1294	1297	WIT	T079	C0040223
28464554	1304	1310	longer	T080	C0205166
28464554	1318	1324	fellow	T097	C4300223
28464554	1325	1330	group	T078	C0441833
28464554	1403	1426	Length of hospital stay	T079	C0023303
28464554	1428	1431	LOS	T079	C0023303
28464554	1437	1443	longer	T080	C0205166
28464554	1451	1457	fellow	T097	C4300223
28464554	1458	1463	group	T078	C0441833
28464554	1494	1502	patients	T101	C0030705
28464554	1511	1516	group	T078	C0441833
28464554	1521	1527	higher	T080	C0205250
28464554	1528	1548	estimated blood loss	T033	C1443559
28464554	1550	1553	EBL	T033	C1443559
28464554	1597	1603	impact	T080	C4049986
28464554	1607	1623	transfusion rate	T061	C3693349
28464554	1648	1672	Positive surgical margin	T033	C1709603
28464554	1673	1678	rates	T081	C1521828
28464554	1699	1705	fellow	T097	C4300223
28464554	1710	1716	expert	T097	C2348234
28464554	1717	1723	groups	T078	C0441833
28464554	1756	1769	complications	T046	C0009566
28464554	1796	1802	fellow	T097	C4300223
28464554	1803	1808	group	T078	C0441833
28464554	1849	1864	not significant	T033	C1273937
28464554	1880	1902	multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28464554	1904	1910	fellow	T097	C4300223
28464554	1941	1947	longer	T080	C0205166
28464554	1948	1951	WIT	T079	C0040223
28464554	1978	1987	operating	T061	C0543467
28464554	1988	1992	time	T079	C0040223
28464554	2028	2043	associated with	T080	C0332281
28464554	2044	2047	EBL	T033	C1443559
28464554	2072	2075	LOS	T079	C0023303
28464554	2107	2113	fellow	T097	C4300223
28464554	2130	2145	associated with	T080	C0332281
28464554	2148	2153	lower	T080	C0205251
28464554	2162	2170	trifecta	T046	C0030660
28464554	2175	2184	MIC score	T081	C0449820
28464554	2201	2211	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28464554	2213	2215	OR	T081	C0028873
28464554	2236	2238	OR	T081	C0028873
28464554	2270	2278	Training	T065	C0220931
28464554	2279	2286	fellows	T097	C4300223
28464554	2298	2302	RAPN	T061	C4039858
28464554	2306	2321	associated with	T080	C0332281
28464554	2329	2338	operating	T061	C0543467
28464554	2339	2343	time	T079	C0040223
28464554	2348	2351	WIT	T079	C0040223
28464554	2392	2406	peri-operative	T079	C1518988

28464602|t|Attenuation of High Glucose - Induced Rat Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis by Exendin-4 via Intervention of HO-1 / Nrf-2 and the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
28464602|a|Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, demonstrated cytoprotective actions beyond glycemic control in recent studies. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of exendin-4 on high glucose (HG)- induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the possible mechanisms. Rat cardiomyocytes were divided into 3 groups: normal glucose group (NG group), HG group and HG + exendin-4 group (HG + Ex Group). Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was evaluated by double-staining with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/ propidium iodide (PI) and flow cytometry. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was detected by 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHF-DA) incubation and fluorescence microscopy. LY294002 (LY), a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway inhibitor, was added to the medium of the HG + Ex + LY Group for further western blot analysis. The proteins analyzed involved oxidative stress - associated proteins, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), and apoptosis - associated proteins, caspase-3, Bax/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and p-AKT / AKT. HG treatment induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis (P = 0.00) and clearly upregulated ROS production (P = 0.00); exendin-4 co-incubation also ameliorated cardiomyocyte apoptosis (P = 0.004) and decreased ROS (P = 0.00) level significantly. HO-1 and Nrf-2 protein expression levels decreased significantly in the HG group (P < 0.05), but the levels were elevated by exendin-4 intervention (P < 0.05). Furthermore, exendin-4 attenuated HG - induced higher protein expression, including cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, increased the expression of Bcl-2 protein (P < 0.05). However, these impacts of exendin-4 were counteracted significantly by co-incubation with LY294002. In addition, exendin-4 ameliorated HG - induced p-AKT / AKT lower expression, and this impact was also suppressed by LY294002. Exendin-4 ameliorates HG - induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and the mechanisms may involve anti-oxidative stress via the HO-1 / Nrf-2 system, as well as intervention of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
28464602	0	11	Attenuation	T052	C0599946
28464602	15	27	High Glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	30	37	Induced	T169	C0205263
28464602	38	41	Rat	T015	C0034693
28464602	42	55	Cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
28464602	56	65	Apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28464602	69	78	Exendin-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	83	95	Intervention	T061	C0184661
28464602	99	103	HO-1	T116,T126	C0538674
28464602	106	111	Nrf-2	T116,T123	C0289507
28464602	120	146	PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway	T169	C2984369
28464602	147	156	Exendin-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	160	200	glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist	T121	C2917359
28464602	215	237	cytoprotective actions	T039	C0524828
28464602	245	261	glycemic control	T033	C0522082
28464602	285	289	aims	T078	C1947946
28464602	305	310	study	T062	C2603343
28464602	319	330	investigate	T169	C1292732
28464602	335	345	effects of	T080	C1704420
28464602	346	355	exendin-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	359	371	high glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	373	375	HG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	378	385	induced	T169	C0205263
28464602	386	399	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
28464602	400	409	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28464602	427	437	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28464602	439	442	Rat	T015	C0034693
28464602	443	457	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28464602	478	484	groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28464602	486	500	normal glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	501	506	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28464602	508	510	NG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	511	516	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28464602	519	521	HG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	522	527	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28464602	532	534	HG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	537	546	exendin-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	547	552	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28464602	554	556	HG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	559	561	Ex	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	562	567	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
28464602	570	583	Cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
28464602	584	593	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28464602	611	626	double-staining	T059	C0022885
28464602	632	668	annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate	T109,T130	C0085216
28464602	670	674	FITC	T109,T130	C0085216
28464602	677	693	propidium iodide	T109,T130	C0033470
28464602	695	697	PI	T109,T130	C0033470
28464602	703	717	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28464602	719	732	Intracellular	T082	C0178719
28464602	733	762	reactive oxygen species (ROS)	T123	C1537052
28464602	763	773	production	T169	C0542341
28464602	778	786	detected	T033	C0442726
28464602	790	832	2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate	T109,T130	C0670829
28464602	834	841	DCHF-DA	T109,T130	C0670829
28464602	843	853	incubation	T059	C1439852
28464602	858	881	fluorescence microscopy	T059	C0026022
28464602	883	891	LY294002	T109,T121	C0251991
28464602	893	895	LY	T109,T121	C0251991
28464602	900	925	phosphoinositide 3-kinase	T116,T126	C0044602
28464602	927	931	PI3K	T116,T126	C0044602
28464602	933	940	pathway	T044	C1704259
28464602	941	950	inhibitor	T080	C1999216
28464602	969	975	medium	T130	C0010454
28464602	983	985	HG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	988	990	Ex	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	993	995	LY	T109,T121	C0251991
28464602	996	1001	Group	UnknownType	C0681860
28464602	1014	1035	western blot analysis	T059	C0949466
28464602	1041	1049	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28464602	1050	1058	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28464602	1068	1084	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28464602	1087	1106	associated proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28464602	1108	1124	heme oxygenase-1	T116,T126	C0538674
28464602	1126	1130	HO-1	T116,T126	C0538674
28464602	1136	1170	nuclear factor E2-related factor 2	T116,T123	C0289507
28464602	1172	1177	Nrf-2	T116,T123	C0289507
28464602	1184	1193	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28464602	1196	1215	associated proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28464602	1217	1226	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
28464602	1228	1249	Bax/B-cell lymphoma 2	T116,T123	C0219474
28464602	1251	1256	Bcl-2	T116,T123	C0219474
28464602	1262	1267	p-AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
28464602	1270	1273	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
28464602	1275	1277	HG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	1278	1287	treatment	T169	C1522326
28464602	1288	1295	induced	T169	C0205263
28464602	1296	1309	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
28464602	1310	1319	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28464602	1343	1354	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28464602	1355	1358	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28464602	1359	1369	production	T169	C0542341
28464602	1382	1391	exendin-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	1392	1405	co-incubation	T059	C1439852
28464602	1423	1436	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
28464602	1437	1446	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28464602	1463	1472	decreased	T081	C0205216
28464602	1473	1476	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28464602	1488	1493	level	T080	C0441889
28464602	1494	1507	significantly	T078	C0750502
28464602	1509	1513	HO-1	T116,T126	C0538674
28464602	1518	1523	Nrf-2	T116,T123	C0289507
28464602	1524	1542	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28464602	1543	1549	levels	T080	C0441889
28464602	1550	1559	decreased	T081	C0205216
28464602	1560	1573	significantly	T078	C0750502
28464602	1581	1583	HG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	1584	1589	group	UnknownType	C0681860
28464602	1610	1616	levels	T080	C0441889
28464602	1622	1630	elevated	T080	C3163633
28464602	1634	1643	exendin-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	1644	1656	intervention	T061	C0184661
28464602	1682	1691	exendin-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	1692	1702	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28464602	1703	1705	HG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	1708	1715	induced	T169	C0205263
28464602	1723	1741	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28464602	1761	1770	caspase-3	T116,T126	C0291573
28464602	1775	1778	Bax	T116,T123	C0219474
28464602	1780	1789	increased	T081	C0205217
28464602	1794	1804	expression	T045	C1171362
28464602	1808	1821	Bcl-2 protein	T116	C4042483
28464602	1849	1856	impacts	T080	C4049986
28464602	1860	1869	exendin-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	1888	1901	significantly	T078	C0750502
28464602	1905	1918	co-incubation	T059	C1439852
28464602	1924	1932	LY294002	T109,T121	C0251991
28464602	1947	1956	exendin-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	1969	1971	HG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	1974	1981	induced	T169	C0205263
28464602	1982	1987	p-AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
28464602	1990	1993	AKT	T116,T126	C0164786
28464602	1994	2010	lower expression	T045	C1171362
28464602	2021	2027	impact	T080	C4049986
28464602	2037	2047	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28464602	2051	2059	LY294002	T109,T121	C0251991
28464602	2061	2070	Exendin-4	T116,T121	C0167117
28464602	2083	2085	HG	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28464602	2088	2095	induced	T169	C0205263
28464602	2096	2109	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
28464602	2110	2119	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28464602	2129	2139	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28464602	2152	2173	anti-oxidative stress	T044	C1148560
28464602	2182	2186	HO-1	T116,T126	C0538674
28464602	2189	2194	Nrf-2	T116,T123	C0289507
28464602	2214	2226	intervention	T061	C0184661
28464602	2234	2260	PI3K/AKT signaling pathway	T169	C2984369

28464828|t|Analysis of patients with diabetes and complicated intra-abdominal infection or complicated urinary tract infection in phase 3 trials of ceftolozane/tazobactam
28464828|a|Diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia are associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections and poor treatment outcomes. This post hoc evaluation of the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) and complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) aimed to evaluate baseline characteristics, efficacy, and safety in patients with and without diabetes treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam and comparators. Ceftolozane/tazobactam is an antibacterial with potent activity against Gram-negative pathogens and is approved for the treatment of cIAI (with metronidazole) and cUTI (including pyelonephritis). Patients from the phase 3 ASPECT studies with (n = 245) and without (n = 1802) diabetes were compared to evaluate the baseline characteristics, efficacy, and safety of ceftolozane/tazobactam and active comparators. Significantly more patients with than without diabetes were 65 years of age or older; patients with diabetes were also more likely to weigh ≥75 kg at baseline (57.1% vs 44.5%), to have renal impairment (48.5% vs 30.2%), or to have APACHE II scores ≥10 (33.8% vs 17.0%). More patients with diabetes had comorbidities and an increased incidence of complicating factors in both cIAI and cUTI. Clinical cIAI and composite cure cUTI rates across study treatments were lower in patients with than without diabetes (cIAI, 75.4% vs 86.1%, P = 0.0196; cUTI, 62.4% vs 74.7%, P = 0.1299) but were generally similar between the ceftolozane/tazobactam and active comparator treatment groups. However, significantly higher composite cure rates were reported with ceftolozane/tazobactam than with levofloxacin in patients without diabetes with cUTI (79.5% vs 69.9%; P = 0.0048). Significantly higher rates of adverse events observed in patients with diabetes were likely due to comorbidities because treatment -related adverse events were similar between groups. In this post hoc analysis, patients with diabetes in general were older, heavier, and had a greater number of complicating comorbidities. Patients with diabetes had lower cure rates and a significantly higher frequency of adverse events than patients without diabetes, likely because of the higher rates of medical complications in this subgroup. Ceftolozane/tazobactam was shown to be at least as effective as comparators in treating cUTI and cIAI in this population. cIAI, NCT01445665 and NCT01445678 (both trials registered prospectively on September 26, 2011); cUTI, NCT01345929 and NCT01345955 (both trials registered prospectively on April 28, 2011).
28464828	0	8	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28464828	12	20	patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	26	34	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	39	50	complicated	T169	C0231242
28464828	51	76	intra-abdominal infection	T047	C1112209
28464828	80	91	complicated	T169	C0231242
28464828	92	115	urinary tract infection	T047	C0042029
28464828	119	133	phase 3 trials	T062	C0282461
28464828	137	159	ceftolozane/tazobactam	T121	C3656593
28464828	160	177	Diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28464828	182	195	hyperglycemia	T047	C0020456
28464828	216	264	increased susceptibility to bacterial infections	T033	C2748958
28464828	269	273	poor	T080	C0542537
28464828	274	292	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
28464828	299	318	post hoc evaluation	T058	C0220825
28464828	326	335	treatment	T061	C0087111
28464828	339	350	complicated	T169	C0231242
28464828	351	377	intra-abdominal infections	T047	C1112209
28464828	379	383	cIAI	T047	C1112209
28464828	389	400	complicated	T169	C0231242
28464828	401	425	urinary tract infections	T047	C0042029
28464828	427	431	cUTI	T047	C0042029
28464828	442	450	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28464828	451	459	baseline	T081	C1442488
28464828	460	475	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28464828	477	485	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28464828	491	509	safety in patients	T058	C3824712
28464828	527	535	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	536	543	treated	T061	C0087111
28464828	549	571	ceftolozane/tazobactam	T121	C3656593
28464828	576	587	comparators	T077	C2347178
28464828	589	611	Ceftolozane/tazobactam	T121	C3656593
28464828	618	631	antibacterial	T195	C0279516
28464828	637	652	potent activity	T038	C0678792
28464828	661	684	Gram-negative pathogens	T007	C0018150
28464828	692	700	approved	T080	C0205540
28464828	709	718	treatment	T061	C0087111
28464828	722	726	cIAI	T047	C1112209
28464828	733	746	metronidazole	T109,T121	C0025872
28464828	752	756	cUTI	T047	C0042029
28464828	768	782	pyelonephritis	T047	C0034186
28464828	785	793	Patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	803	817	phase 3 ASPECT	T062	C0282461
28464828	818	825	studies	T062	C2603343
28464828	864	872	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	878	886	compared	T052	C1707455
28464828	890	898	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28464828	903	911	baseline	T081	C1442488
28464828	912	927	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28464828	953	975	ceftolozane/tazobactam	T121	C3656593
28464828	980	998	active comparators	T077	C2347177
28464828	1019	1027	patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	1046	1054	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	1063	1075	years of age	T079	C1510829
28464828	1079	1084	older	T098	C0001792
28464828	1086	1094	patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	1100	1108	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	1150	1158	baseline	T081	C1442488
28464828	1185	1201	renal impairment	T047	C1565489
28464828	1231	1247	APACHE II scores	T060	C0489438
28464828	1275	1283	patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	1289	1297	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	1302	1315	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28464828	1323	1332	increased	T081	C0205217
28464828	1333	1342	incidence	T081	C0021149
28464828	1346	1366	complicating factors	T169	C1521761
28464828	1375	1379	cIAI	T047	C1112209
28464828	1384	1388	cUTI	T047	C0042029
28464828	1399	1403	cIAI	T047	C1112209
28464828	1408	1417	composite	T080	C0205199
28464828	1418	1422	cure	T077	C1880198
28464828	1423	1427	cUTI	T047	C0042029
28464828	1428	1433	rates	T081	C1521828
28464828	1441	1457	study treatments	T062	C3161471
28464828	1463	1468	lower	T082	C0441994
28464828	1472	1480	patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	1499	1507	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	1509	1513	cIAI	T047	C1112209
28464828	1543	1547	cUTI	T047	C0042029
28464828	1616	1638	ceftolozane/tazobactam	T121	C3656593
28464828	1643	1660	active comparator	T077	C2347177
28464828	1661	1670	treatment	T061	C0087111
28464828	1671	1677	groups	T078	C0441833
28464828	1702	1708	higher	T080	C0205250
28464828	1709	1718	composite	T080	C0205199
28464828	1719	1723	cure	T077	C1880198
28464828	1724	1729	rates	T081	C1521828
28464828	1735	1743	reported	T058	C0700287
28464828	1749	1771	ceftolozane/tazobactam	T121	C3656593
28464828	1782	1794	levofloxacin	T109,T195	C0282386
28464828	1798	1806	patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	1815	1823	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	1829	1833	cUTI	T047	C0042029
28464828	1878	1884	higher	T080	C0205250
28464828	1885	1890	rates	T081	C1521828
28464828	1894	1908	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28464828	1909	1917	observed	T169	C1441672
28464828	1921	1929	patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	1935	1943	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	1963	1976	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28464828	1985	1994	treatment	T061	C0087111
28464828	2004	2018	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28464828	2040	2046	groups	T078	C0441833
28464828	2061	2073	hoc analysis	T062	C0936012
28464828	2075	2083	patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	2089	2097	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	2114	2119	older	T098	C0001792
28464828	2121	2128	heavier	T032	C0005910
28464828	2140	2154	greater number	T081	C1704243
28464828	2158	2170	complicating	T169	C0231242
28464828	2171	2184	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28464828	2186	2194	Patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	2200	2208	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	2213	2218	lower	T082	C0441994
28464828	2219	2223	cure	T077	C1880198
28464828	2224	2229	rates	T081	C1521828
28464828	2250	2256	higher	T080	C0205250
28464828	2257	2266	frequency	T079	C0439603
28464828	2270	2284	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28464828	2290	2298	patients	T101	C0030705
28464828	2307	2315	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28464828	2339	2345	higher	T080	C0205250
28464828	2346	2351	rates	T081	C1521828
28464828	2355	2376	medical complications	T046	C0221791
28464828	2385	2393	subgroup	T078	C0441833
28464828	2395	2417	Ceftolozane/tazobactam	T121	C3656593
28464828	2434	2442	at least	T082	C0441994
28464828	2446	2455	effective	T080	C1704419
28464828	2459	2470	comparators	T077	C2347178
28464828	2474	2482	treating	T061	C0087111
28464828	2483	2487	cUTI	T047	C0042029
28464828	2492	2496	cIAI	T047	C1112209
28464828	2505	2515	population	T098	C1257890
28464828	2517	2521	cIAI	T047	C1112209
28464828	2613	2617	cUTI	T047	C0042029

28464907|t|Nodal skip metastasis in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a cohort study
28464907|a|Nodal skip metastasis is a prognostic factor in some sites of malignancies, but its role in esophageal cancer is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate occurrence and effect of nodal skip metastases in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. All 578 patients undergoing esophagectomy for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma at the Center for Esophageal Diseases located in Padova between January 1992 and December 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. Selection criteria were R0 resection, pathological M0 stage and pathological lymph node involvement. Patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. The selection identified 88 patients with lymph node involvement confirmed by pathological evaluation. Sixteen patients (18.2%) had nodal skip metastasis. Adjusting for the number of lymph node metastases, patient with nodal skip metastasis had similar 5-year overall survival (14% vs. 13%, p = 0.93) and 5-year disease free survival (14% vs. 9%, p = 0.48) compared to patients with both peritumoral and distant lymph node metastases. The risk difference of nodal skip metastasis was: -24.1% (95% C.I. -43.1% to -5.2%) in patients with more than one lymph node metastasis compared to those with one lymph node metastasis; -2.3% (95% C.I. -29.8% to 25.2%) in middle thoracic esophagus and -23.0% (95% C.I. -47.8% to 1.8%) in lower thoracic esophagus compared to upper thoracic esophagus; 18.1% (95% C.I. 3.2% to 33.0%) in clinical N0 stage vs. clinical N+ stage. Nodal skip metastasis is a common pattern of metastatic lymph involvement in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, neither overall survival nor disease free survival are associated with nodal skip metastasis occurrence.
28464907	0	5	Nodal	T082	C0443268
28464907	6	10	skip	T033	C0560435
28464907	11	21	metastasis	T191	C0596869
28464907	25	68	thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0861674
28464907	72	84	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28464907	85	90	Nodal	T082	C0443268
28464907	91	95	skip	T033	C0560435
28464907	96	106	metastasis	T191	C0596869
28464907	112	129	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
28464907	147	159	malignancies	T191	C4282132
28464907	177	194	esophageal cancer	T191	C0014859
28464907	204	211	unclear	T033	C3845108
28464907	240	251	investigate	T169	C1292732
28464907	267	273	effect	T080	C1280500
28464907	277	282	nodal	T082	C0443268
28464907	283	287	skip	T033	C0560435
28464907	302	345	thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0861674
28464907	355	363	patients	T101	C0030705
28464907	375	388	esophagectomy	T061	C0085198
28464907	393	436	thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0861674
28464907	444	474	Center for Esophageal Diseases	T093	C1708333
28464907	486	492	Padova	UnknownType	C0681784
28464907	501	508	January	T080	C3829466
28464907	518	526	December	T080	C3830550
28464907	537	562	retrospectively evaluated	T062	C0035363
28464907	564	582	Selection criteria	T080	C0242801
28464907	588	600	R0 resection	T033	C0677874
28464907	602	614	pathological	T169	C1521733
28464907	615	623	M0 stage	T033	C0445034
28464907	628	640	pathological	T169	C1521733
28464907	641	663	lymph node involvement	T033	C0806692
28464907	665	673	Patients	T101	C1516213
28464907	684	703	neoadjuvant therapy	T061	C0600558
28464907	747	755	patients	T101	C0030705
28464907	761	783	lymph node involvement	T033	C0806692
28464907	797	809	pathological	T169	C1521733
28464907	810	820	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28464907	830	838	patients	T101	C1516213
28464907	851	856	nodal	T082	C0443268
28464907	857	861	skip	T033	C0560435
28464907	862	872	metastasis	T191	C0596869
28464907	902	923	lymph node metastases	T191	C0596869
28464907	925	932	patient	T101	C1516213
28464907	938	943	nodal	T082	C0443268
28464907	944	948	skip	T033	C0560435
28464907	949	959	metastasis	T191	C0596869
28464907	979	995	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28464907	1031	1052	disease free survival	T081	C0242793
28464907	1088	1096	patients	T101	C0030705
28464907	1107	1118	peritumoral	T082	C3897941
28464907	1123	1130	distant	T082	C0443203
28464907	1131	1152	lymph node metastases	T191	C0596869
28464907	1177	1182	nodal	T082	C0443268
28464907	1183	1187	skip	T033	C0560435
28464907	1188	1198	metastasis	T191	C0596869
28464907	1216	1219	C.I	T081	C0009667
28464907	1241	1249	patients	T101	C0030705
28464907	1269	1290	lymph node metastasis	T191	C0596869
28464907	1318	1339	lymph node metastasis	T191	C0596869
28464907	1352	1355	C.I	T081	C0009667
28464907	1377	1383	middle	T082	C0444598
28464907	1384	1402	thoracic esophagus	T023	C0227188
28464907	1419	1422	C.I	T081	C0009667
28464907	1443	1448	lower	T082	C0441994
28464907	1449	1467	thoracic esophagus	T023	C0227188
28464907	1480	1485	upper	T082	C1282910
28464907	1486	1504	thoracic esophagus	T023	C0227188
28464907	1517	1521	C.I.	T081	C0009667
28464907	1540	1548	clinical	T080	C0205210
28464907	1549	1557	N0 stage	T033	C0441959
28464907	1562	1570	clinical	T080	C0205210
28464907	1571	1579	N+ stage	T033	C1272457
28464907	1581	1586	Nodal	T082	C0443268
28464907	1587	1591	skip	T033	C0560435
28464907	1592	1602	metastasis	T191	C0596869
28464907	1626	1654	metastatic lymph involvement	T033	C0806692
28464907	1658	1701	thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	T191	C0861674
28464907	1712	1719	neither	T080	C4284892
28464907	1720	1736	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28464907	1741	1762	disease free survival	T081	C0242793
28464907	1767	1782	associated with	T080	C0332281
28464907	1783	1788	nodal	T082	C0443268
28464907	1789	1793	skip	T033	C0560435
28464907	1794	1804	metastasis	T191	C0596869

28464953|t|The efficacy of human placenta -derived mesenchymal stem cells on radiation enteropathy along with proteomic biomarkers predicting a favorable response
28464953|a|Radiation enteropathy is a common complication in patients with abdominopelvic cancer, but no treatment has yet been established. Stem cell therapy may be a viable therapeutic option because intestinal stem cells are highly vulnerable to ionizing radiation (IR) and stem cell loss explains its intractability to general treatment. Here, we investigated either prophylactic or therapeutic efficacy of human placenta -derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDSCs) against radiation enteropathy and could identify biomarkers predicting a favorable response to stem cell therapy. We challenged a radiation-induced enteropathy model with hPDSCs. After sacrifice, we checked the gross anatomy of small intestine, histology gross, and analyzed that, accompanied with molecular changes implicated in this model. hPDSCs significantly improved the outcome of mice induced with either radiation enteropathy or lethal radiation syndrome (P < 0.01). hPDSCs exerted inhibitory actions on inflammatory cytokines, the re-establishment of epithelium homeostasis was completed with increasing endogenous restorative processes as assessed with increased levels of proliferative markers in the hPDSCs group, and a significant inhibition of IR - induced apoptosis. The preservation of cells expressing lysozyme, and Musashi-1 were significantly increased in the hPDSC treatment group. Both preventive and therapeutic efficacies of hPDSCs were noted against IR-induced enteropathy. Label-free quantification was used to identify biomarkers which predict favorable responses after hPDSC treatment, and finally glutathione S-transferase-mu type, interleukin-10, and peroxiredoxin-2 were validated as proteomic biomarkers predicting a favorable response to hPDSCs in radiation enteropathy. hPDSCs may be a useful prophylactic and therapeutic cell therapy for radiation enteropathy.
28464953	4	12	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28464953	16	21	human	T016	C0086418
28464953	22	30	placenta	T018	C0032043
28464953	40	62	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28464953	66	87	radiation enteropathy	T047	C0341275
28464953	99	108	proteomic	T116,T123	C0751973
28464953	109	119	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28464953	133	151	favorable response	T033	C4054987
28464953	152	173	Radiation enteropathy	T047	C0341275
28464953	186	198	complication	T046	C0009566
28464953	202	210	patients	T101	C0030705
28464953	216	237	abdominopelvic cancer	T191	C0153662
28464953	246	255	treatment	T061	C0087111
28464953	282	299	Stem cell therapy	T061	C0872278
28464953	316	327	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
28464953	343	353	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28464953	354	364	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28464953	376	386	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
28464953	390	408	ionizing radiation	T070	C0034538
28464953	410	412	IR	T070	C0034538
28464953	418	427	stem cell	T025	C0038250
28464953	428	432	loss	T081	C1517945
28464953	446	460	intractability	T169	C0205269
28464953	472	481	treatment	T061	C0087111
28464953	492	504	investigated	T169	C1292732
28464953	512	524	prophylactic	T061	C0199176
28464953	528	539	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
28464953	540	548	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28464953	552	557	human	T016	C0086418
28464953	558	566	placenta	T018	C0032043
28464953	576	598	mesenchymal stem cells	T025	C1257975
28464953	600	606	hPDSCs	T025	C1257975
28464953	616	637	radiation enteropathy	T047	C0341275
28464953	657	667	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28464953	681	699	favorable response	T033	C4054987
28464953	703	720	stem cell therapy	T061	C0872278
28464953	738	767	radiation-induced enteropathy	T047	C0341275
28464953	768	773	model	T050	C0012644
28464953	779	785	hPDSCs	T025	C1257975
28464953	793	802	sacrifice	T078	C0681205
28464953	819	824	gross	T080	C0439806
28464953	825	832	anatomy	T017	C0700276
28464953	836	851	small intestine	T023	C0021852
28464953	853	862	histology	T080	C0002809
28464953	863	868	gross	T080	C0439806
28464953	874	882	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28464953	906	915	molecular	T080	C1521991
28464953	943	948	model	T050	C0012644
28464953	950	956	hPDSCs	T025	C1257975
28464953	957	970	significantly	T078	C0750502
28464953	984	991	outcome	T080	C0085415
28464953	995	999	mice	T015	C0025929
28464953	1000	1007	induced	T169	C0205263
28464953	1020	1041	radiation enteropathy	T047	C0341275
28464953	1045	1070	lethal radiation syndrome	T047	C0039082
28464953	1083	1089	hPDSCs	T025	C1257975
28464953	1098	1108	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28464953	1120	1132	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28464953	1133	1142	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28464953	1148	1164	re-establishment	T080	C0443211
28464953	1168	1178	epithelium	T024	C0014609
28464953	1179	1190	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28464953	1221	1231	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28464953	1232	1253	restorative processes	T039	C0031845
28464953	1291	1304	proliferative	T046	C0334094
28464953	1305	1312	markers	T201	C0005516
28464953	1320	1326	hPDSCs	T025	C1257975
28464953	1340	1351	significant	T078	C0750502
28464953	1352	1362	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28464953	1366	1368	IR	T070	C0034538
28464953	1371	1378	induced	T169	C0205263
28464953	1379	1388	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28464953	1394	1406	preservation	T059	C0033085
28464953	1410	1415	cells	T025	C0007634
28464953	1427	1435	lysozyme	T116,T121,T126	C3541379
28464953	1441	1450	Musashi-1	T116,T123	C0536620
28464953	1456	1469	significantly	T078	C0750502
28464953	1487	1492	hPDSC	T025	C1257975
28464953	1493	1502	treatment	T061	C0087111
28464953	1515	1525	preventive	T061	C0679698
28464953	1530	1541	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
28464953	1542	1552	efficacies	T080	C1280519
28464953	1556	1562	hPDSCs	T025	C1257975
28464953	1582	1604	IR-induced enteropathy	T047	C0341275
28464953	1606	1631	Label-free quantification	T081	C1709793
28464953	1653	1663	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28464953	1678	1697	favorable responses	T033	C4054987
28464953	1704	1709	hPDSC	T025	C1257975
28464953	1710	1719	treatment	T061	C0087111
28464953	1733	1761	glutathione S-transferase-mu	T116,T126	C3814418
28464953	1768	1782	interleukin-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28464953	1788	1803	peroxiredoxin-2	T116,T126	C1137156
28464953	1822	1831	proteomic	T116,T123	C0751973
28464953	1832	1842	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28464953	1856	1874	favorable response	T033	C4054987
28464953	1878	1884	hPDSCs	T025	C1257975
28464953	1888	1909	radiation enteropathy	T047	C0341275
28464953	1911	1917	hPDSCs	T025	C1257975
28464953	1934	1946	prophylactic	T061	C0199176
28464953	1951	1962	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
28464953	1963	1975	cell therapy	T061	C0302189
28464953	1980	2001	radiation enteropathy	T047	C0341275

28465195|t|Extensor indicis proprius tendon transfer using shear wave elastography
28465195|a|The means for judging optimal tension during tendon transfers are approximate and not very quantifiable. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of quantitatively assessing muscular mechanical properties intraoperatively using ultrasound elastography (shear wave elastography [SWE]) during extensor indicis proprius (EIP) transfer. We report two cases of EIP transfer for post-traumatic rupture of the extensor pollicis longus muscle. Ultrasound acquisitions measured the elasticity modulus of the EIP muscle at different stages: rest, active extension, active extension against resistance, EIP section, distal passive traction of the tendon, after tendon transfer at rest and then during active extension. A preliminary analysis was conducted of the distribution of values for this modulus at the various transfer steps. Different shear wave velocity and elasticity modulus values were observed at the various transfer steps. The tension applied during the transfer seemed close to the resting tension if a traditional protocol were followed. The elasticity modulus varied by a factor of 37 between the active extension against resistance step (565.1 kPa) and after the tendon section (15.3 kPa). The elasticity modulus values were distributed in the same way for each patient. The therapeutic benefit of SWE elastography was studied for the first time in tendon transfers. Quantitative data on the elasticity modulus during this test may make it an effective means of improving intraoperative adjustments.
28465195	0	25	Extensor indicis proprius	T023	C0224286
28465195	26	41	tendon transfer	T061	C0039505
28465195	48	71	shear wave elastography	T060	C2748260
28465195	76	81	means	T077	C1704970
28465195	94	101	optimal	T080	C2698651
28465195	102	109	tension	T033	C0427195
28465195	117	133	tendon transfers	T061	C0039505
28465195	138	149	approximate	T080	C0332232
28465195	154	175	not very quantifiable	T081	C1709793
28465195	181	188	purpose	T169	C1285529
28465195	197	202	study	T062	C0681814
28465195	226	237	feasibility	T080	C0443348
28465195	241	255	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
28465195	256	265	assessing	T052	C1516048
28465195	266	274	muscular	T024	C0026845
28465195	275	296	mechanical properties	T080	C0871161
28465195	297	313	intraoperatively	T079	C0456904
28465195	320	343	ultrasound elastography	T060	C3163956
28465195	345	368	shear wave elastography	T060	C2748260
28465195	370	373	SWE	T060	C2748260
28465195	383	408	extensor indicis proprius	T023	C0224286
28465195	410	413	EIP	T023	C0224286
28465195	415	423	transfer	T061	C0039505
28465195	428	434	report	T170	C0684224
28465195	439	444	cases	T169	C0868928
28465195	448	451	EIP	T023	C0224286
28465195	452	460	transfer	T061	C0039505
28465195	465	487	post-traumatic rupture	T037	C3203359
28465195	495	526	extensor pollicis longus muscle	T023	C0224285
28465195	528	538	Ultrasound	T070	C1456803
28465195	539	551	acquisitions	T052	C1706701
28465195	552	560	measured	T080	C0444706
28465195	565	583	elasticity modulus	T081	C2350289
28465195	591	594	EIP	T023	C0224286
28465195	605	614	different	T080	C1705242
28465195	615	621	stages	T079	C1306673
28465195	623	627	rest	T056	C0035253
28465195	629	645	active extension	T169	C0231448
28465195	647	663	active extension	T169	C0231448
28465195	672	682	resistance	T169	C4281815
28465195	684	687	EIP	T023	C0224286
28465195	688	695	section	T082	C0449719
28465195	697	720	distal passive traction	T061	C0040597
28465195	728	734	tendon	T023	C0039508
28465195	742	757	tendon transfer	T061	C0039505
28465195	761	765	rest	T056	C0035253
28465195	775	781	during	T079	C0347984
28465195	782	798	active extension	T169	C0231448
28465195	802	822	preliminary analysis	T062	C0936012
28465195	827	836	conducted	T169	C1300196
28465195	844	856	distribution	T169	C1704711
28465195	860	866	values	T081	C1522609
28465195	876	883	modulus	T081	C2350289
28465195	899	907	transfer	T061	C0039505
28465195	908	913	steps	T077	C1261552
28465195	925	944	shear wave velocity	T081	C0439830
28465195	949	967	elasticity modulus	T081	C2350289
28465195	968	974	values	T081	C1522609
28465195	980	988	observed	T169	C1441672
28465195	1004	1012	transfer	T061	C0039505
28465195	1013	1018	steps	T077	C1261552
28465195	1024	1031	tension	T033	C0427195
28465195	1032	1039	applied	T169	C4048755
28465195	1051	1059	transfer	T061	C0039505
28465195	1080	1095	resting tension	T033	C0427195
28465195	1101	1121	traditional protocol	T170	C0442711
28465195	1127	1135	followed	T079	C0332283
28465195	1141	1159	elasticity modulus	T081	C2350289
28465195	1172	1178	factor	T169	C1521761
28465195	1197	1213	active extension	T169	C0231448
28465195	1222	1232	resistance	T169	C4281815
28465195	1233	1237	step	T077	C1261552
28465195	1245	1248	kPa	T081	C0439474
28465195	1264	1270	tendon	T023	C0039508
28465195	1271	1278	section	T082	C0449719
28465195	1285	1288	kPa	T081	C0439474
28465195	1295	1313	elasticity modulus	T081	C2350289
28465195	1314	1320	values	T081	C1522609
28465195	1326	1337	distributed	T169	C1704711
28465195	1363	1370	patient	T101	C0030705
28465195	1376	1387	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28465195	1388	1395	benefit	T081	C0814225
28465195	1399	1402	SWE	T060	C2748260
28465195	1403	1415	elastography	T060	C1955928
28465195	1420	1427	studied	T062	C2603343
28465195	1442	1446	time	T079	C0040223
28465195	1450	1466	tendon transfers	T061	C0039505
28465195	1468	1485	Quantitative data	T081	C0392762
28465195	1493	1511	elasticity modulus	T081	C2350289
28465195	1524	1528	test	T169	C0039593
28465195	1544	1553	effective	T080	C1704419
28465195	1554	1559	means	T077	C1704970
28465195	1563	1572	improving	T080	C1272745
28465195	1573	1587	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28465195	1588	1599	adjustments	T055	C0376209

28465502|t|Outcome of obese and diabetic patients underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass: when the surgery fails
28465502|a|The beneficial effects of bariatric surgery on diabetes and obesity have been widely demonstrated in literature. The aim of our study was to evaluate the rate of failure of laparoscopic gastric bypass both in terms of weight loss and metabolic remission after one follow-up year. A longitudinal, multicentric prospective study was carried out on 771 patients affected by pathological obesity. The following parameters were recorded for each patient before surgery: anthropometric, metabolic, social, smoking habits and previous failure of other bariatric procedures. After 1 follow-up year, final weight, final BMI, final percentage of lost excess body weight and percentage of lost BMI were evaluated. Statistical analysis showed a correlation between BMI > 50 Kg/m2, presence of metabolic syndrome, presence of diabetes, gastric pouch volume greater than 60 ml and failure of weight loss outcome. Statistical analysis of metabolic failure has recognized a high preoperative HbA1c % value as a statistically significant negative predictive factor. Bariatric Surgery is the most effective treatment for weight loss and metabolic improvement. However, in our study, surgery did not achieve the expected outcome in patients with specific metabolic, anthropometric and surgical characteristics (BMI > 50 Kg/m2, presence of metabolic syndrome, presence of T2DM with high preoperative HbA1c % level and gastric pouch volume greater than 60 ml).
28465502	11	16	obese	T047	C0028754
28465502	21	29	diabetic	T033	C0241863
28465502	30	38	patients	T101	C0030705
28465502	49	76	laparoscopic gastric bypass	T061	C4039248
28465502	87	94	surgery	T061	C0543467
28465502	95	100	fails	T169	C0231175
28465502	105	123	beneficial effects	T081	C0814225
28465502	127	144	bariatric surgery	T061	C1456587
28465502	148	156	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28465502	161	168	obesity	T047	C0028754
28465502	263	270	failure	T033	C0162643
28465502	274	301	laparoscopic gastric bypass	T061	C4039248
28465502	319	330	weight loss	T033	C1262477
28465502	335	354	metabolic remission	T169	C0311400
28465502	365	374	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28465502	397	427	multicentric prospective study	T062	C0242481
28465502	451	459	patients	T101	C0030705
28465502	472	484	pathological	T169	C1521733
28465502	485	492	obesity	T047	C0028754
28465502	542	549	patient	T101	C0030705
28465502	550	564	before surgery	T060	C1293091
28465502	566	580	anthropometric	T081	C0815129
28465502	582	591	metabolic	T169	C0025520
28465502	593	599	social	T169	C0728831
28465502	601	615	smoking habits	T169	C1266863
28465502	646	666	bariatric procedures	T061	C1456587
28465502	676	685	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28465502	698	704	weight	T032	C0005910
28465502	712	715	BMI	T201	C1305855
28465502	737	741	lost	T169	C0745777
28465502	742	748	excess	T080	C1979886
28465502	749	760	body weight	T032	C0005910
28465502	779	783	lost	T169	C0745777
28465502	784	787	BMI	T201	C1305855
28465502	804	824	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28465502	834	845	correlation	T080	C1707520
28465502	854	857	BMI	T201	C1305855
28465502	882	900	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0025517
28465502	914	922	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28465502	924	937	gastric pouch	T023	C0038351
28465502	938	944	volume	T081	C0449468
28465502	1000	1020	Statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28465502	1024	1033	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28465502	1034	1041	failure	T169	C0231174
28465502	1064	1076	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28465502	1077	1082	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28465502	1096	1121	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28465502	1122	1130	negative	T033	C0205160
28465502	1131	1148	predictive factor	T170	C0683956
28465502	1150	1167	Bariatric Surgery	T061	C1456587
28465502	1180	1189	effective	T080	C1280519
28465502	1190	1199	treatment	T061	C0087111
28465502	1204	1215	weight loss	T033	C1262477
28465502	1220	1229	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28465502	1230	1241	improvement	T077	C2986411
28465502	1266	1273	surgery	T061	C0543467
28465502	1294	1302	expected	T170	C1517001
28465502	1303	1310	outcome	T169	C1274040
28465502	1314	1322	patients	T101	C0030705
28465502	1337	1346	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28465502	1348	1362	anthropometric	T081	C0815129
28465502	1367	1375	surgical	T061	C0543467
28465502	1393	1396	BMI	T201	C1305855
28465502	1421	1439	metabolic syndrome	T047	C0025517
28465502	1453	1457	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28465502	1468	1480	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28465502	1481	1486	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28465502	1499	1512	gastric pouch	T023	C0038351
28465502	1513	1519	volume	T081	C0449468

28465773|t|Treatment Patterns and Outcomes in Patients with Varicose Veins
28465773|a|Approximately 24% of adults in the United States have visible varicose veins, and an estimated 6% have evidence of advanced chronic venous disease. The majority of individuals with varicose veins seek treatment because of symptoms, such as aching, throbbing, fatigue, pruritus, ankle swelling, and tenderness, rather than cosmetic reasons. Furthermore, varicose veins are a manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency, which can progress to leg pain, leg edema, chronic skin changes, and nonhealing ulcers. To assess varicose vein treatment patterns and their corresponding outcomes, including additional treatment rates, disease progression to new ulcers, and associated costs from a US perspective. We conducted a retrospective claims database study using data from the Truven Health MarketScan database. Adults who were newly diagnosed with varicose veins between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2010, and met the study inclusion criteria were eligible to participate and were divided into 6 cohorts based on the type of first or initial therapy they received after the index diagnosis date, including surveillance and compression therapy, surgery, laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, sclerotherapy, or multiple therapies. The patients were followed for 2 years after the index diagnosis date to assess their treatment patterns and outcomes. A total of 144,098 patients met the study criteria. Of these patients, 100,072 (69.5%) were under surveillance for disease progression and/or received compression therapy; 14,007 (9.7%) received laser ablation; 9125 (6.3%) received radiofrequency ablation; 4778 (3.3%) received sclerotherapy; 4851 (3.4%) had surgery; and 11,265 (7.8%) received multiple therapies. During the 2-year follow-up period, among patients receiving interventional treatment, 54.7% of patients received additional interventional treatment (either with the same mode or a different mode from the initial treatment); 30.1% had >1 postintervention claim for symptomatic varicose veins (not including additional procedures) at 8 weeks; and 44.2% had >1 postintervention claim for symptomatic varicose veins at 1 year after the initial interventional therapy. A majority of the patients in the study received conservative management. For patients receiving interventional therapy, the outcomes varied based on the treatment cohort. The surgery cohort was associated with the most favorable outcome regarding the need for additional treatment and evidence of postintervention claims for symptomatic varicose veins, followed by the multiple therapies cohort. A better understanding of these treatment outcomes in the real-world setting may affect new strategies to improve the management of patients with varicose veins.
28465773	0	18	Treatment Patterns	T061	C0087111
28465773	23	31	Outcomes	T080	C0085415
28465773	35	43	Patients	T101	C0030705
28465773	49	63	Varicose Veins	T047	C0042345
28465773	85	91	adults	T100	C0001675
28465773	99	112	United States	T083	C0041703
28465773	126	140	varicose veins	T047	C0042345
28465773	188	195	chronic	T079	C0205191
28465773	196	210	venous disease	T047	C0235522
28465773	228	239	individuals	T098	C0237401
28465773	245	259	varicose veins	T047	C0042345
28465773	265	274	treatment	T061	C0087111
28465773	286	294	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28465773	304	310	aching	T184	C0234238
28465773	312	321	throbbing	T033	C0030252
28465773	323	330	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28465773	332	340	pruritus	T184	C0033774
28465773	342	356	ankle swelling	T033	C0235439
28465773	362	372	tenderness	T184	C0234233
28465773	386	394	cosmetic	T073	C0010164
28465773	417	431	varicose veins	T047	C0042345
28465773	438	454	manifestation of	T080	C1280464
28465773	455	483	chronic venous insufficiency	T047	C1306557
28465773	507	515	leg pain	T184	C0023222
28465773	517	526	leg edema	T046	C0235886
28465773	528	548	chronic skin changes	T184	C1399787
28465773	565	571	ulcers	T047	C0041582
28465773	583	596	varicose vein	T047	C0042345
28465773	597	615	treatment patterns	T061	C0087111
28465773	640	648	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28465773	688	707	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28465773	715	721	ulcers	T047	C0041582
28465773	738	743	costs	T081	C0087112
28465773	751	753	US	T083	C0041703
28465773	754	765	perspective	UnknownType	C0678958
28465773	803	811	database	T170	C0242356
28465773	812	817	study	T062	C2603343
28465773	824	828	data	T078	C1511726
28465773	838	871	Truven Health MarketScan database	T170	C0242356
28465773	873	879	Adults	T100	C0001675
28465773	895	904	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28465773	910	924	varicose veins	T047	C0042345
28465773	1059	1066	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28465773	1105	1112	therapy	T061	C0087111
28465773	1143	1157	diagnosis date	T079	C2316983
28465773	1169	1181	surveillance	T061	C0038842
28465773	1186	1205	compression therapy	T061	C0565514
28465773	1207	1214	surgery	T061	C0543467
28465773	1216	1230	laser ablation	T061	C0348007
28465773	1232	1255	radiofrequency ablation	T061	C0850292
28465773	1257	1270	sclerotherapy	T061	C0036435
28465773	1284	1293	therapies	T061	C0087111
28465773	1299	1307	patients	T101	C0030705
28465773	1328	1333	years	T079	C0439234
28465773	1350	1364	diagnosis date	T079	C2316983
28465773	1381	1399	treatment patterns	T061	C0087111
28465773	1404	1412	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28465773	1433	1441	patients	T101	C0030705
28465773	1475	1483	patients	T101	C0030705
28465773	1512	1524	surveillance	T061	C0038842
28465773	1529	1548	disease progression	T046	C0242656
28465773	1565	1584	compression therapy	T061	C0565514
28465773	1609	1623	laser ablation	T061	C0348007
28465773	1646	1669	radiofrequency ablation	T061	C0850292
28465773	1692	1705	sclerotherapy	T061	C0036435
28465773	1723	1730	surgery	T061	C0543467
28465773	1768	1777	therapies	T061	C0087111
28465773	1790	1796	2-year	T079	C0439234
28465773	1797	1806	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28465773	1821	1829	patients	T101	C0030705
28465773	1840	1864	interventional treatment	T061	C0184661
28465773	1875	1883	patients	T101	C0030705
28465773	1904	1928	interventional treatment	T061	C0184661
28465773	2018	2034	postintervention	T079	C1254367
28465773	2057	2071	varicose veins	T047	C0042345
28465773	2115	2120	weeks	T079	C0439230
28465773	2139	2155	postintervention	T079	C1254367
28465773	2178	2192	varicose veins	T047	C0042345
28465773	2198	2202	year	T079	C0439234
28465773	2221	2243	interventional therapy	T061	C0184661
28465773	2263	2271	patients	T101	C0030705
28465773	2279	2284	study	T062	C2603343
28465773	2323	2331	patients	T101	C0030705
28465773	2323	2331	patients	T101	C0030705
28465773	2342	2364	interventional therapy	T061	C0184661
28465773	2370	2378	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28465773	2399	2408	treatment	T061	C0087111
28465773	2409	2415	cohort	T098	C0599755
28465773	2421	2428	surgery	T061	C0543467
28465773	2429	2435	cohort	T098	C0599755
28465773	2440	2455	associated with	T080	C0332281
28465773	2475	2482	outcome	T080	C0085415
28465773	2517	2526	treatment	T061	C0087111
28465773	2543	2559	postintervention	T079	C1254367
28465773	2583	2597	varicose veins	T047	C0042345
28465773	2624	2633	therapies	T061	C0087111
28465773	2634	2640	cohort	T098	C0599755
28465773	2674	2692	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
28465773	2760	2770	management	T058	C0030677
28465773	2774	2782	patients	T101	C0030705
28465773	2788	2802	varicose veins	T047	C0042345

28465793|t|KMAP-O framework for care management research of patients with type 2 diabetes
28465793|a|To review impacts of interventions involving self-management education, health coaching, and motivational interviewing for type 2 diabetes. A thorough review of the scientific literature on diabetes care and management was executed by a research team. This article summarizes important findings in regard to the validity of developing a comprehensive behavioral system as a framework for empirical investigation. The behavioral system framework consists of patients ' knowledge (K), motivation (M), attitude (A), and practice (P) as predictor variables for diabetes care outcomes (O). Care management strategies or health education programs serve as the intervention variable that directly influences K, M, A, and P and then indirectly affects the variability in patient care outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes. This review contributes to the understanding of the KMAP-O framework and how it can guide the care management of patients with type 2 diabetes. It will allow the tailoring of interventions to be more effective through knowledge enhancement, increased motivation, attitudinal changes, and improved preventive practice to reduce the progression of type 2 diabetes and comorbidities. Furthermore, the use of health information technology for enhancing changes in KMAP and communications is advocated in health promotion and development.
28465793	0	16	KMAP-O framework	T058	C0679897
28465793	21	36	care management	T058	C2735310
28465793	37	45	research	T062	C0035168
28465793	49	57	patients	T101	C0030705
28465793	63	78	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28465793	82	88	review	T080	C1704362
28465793	89	96	impacts	T080	C4049986
28465793	100	113	interventions	T058	C1273869
28465793	124	149	self-management education	T058	C3698325
28465793	151	166	health coaching	T065	C4255176
28465793	172	197	motivational interviewing	T061	C0683474
28465793	202	217	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28465793	230	236	review	T078	C1552617
28465793	244	265	scientific literature	T170	C0023866
28465793	269	277	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28465793	278	297	care and management	T058	C2735310
28465793	316	324	research	T062	C0035168
28465793	325	329	team	T096	C0871489
28465793	336	343	article	T170	C1706852
28465793	365	373	findings	T169	C2607943
28465793	391	399	validity	T081	C2349101
28465793	403	413	developing	T169	C0205245
28465793	416	429	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28465793	430	447	behavioral system	T078	C1254370
28465793	453	462	framework	T058	C0679897
28465793	467	476	empirical	T080	C1880496
28465793	477	490	investigation	T058	C0220825
28465793	496	513	behavioral system	T078	C1254370
28465793	514	523	framework	T058	C0679897
28465793	536	544	patients	T101	C0030705
28465793	547	556	knowledge	T033	C0518904
28465793	558	559	K	T033	C0518904
28465793	562	572	motivation	T041	C0026605
28465793	574	575	M	T041	C0026605
28465793	578	586	attitude	T041	C0004271
28465793	588	589	A	T041	C0004271
28465793	596	604	practice	T041	C0237607
28465793	606	607	P	T041	C0237607
28465793	612	621	predictor	T078	C2698872
28465793	622	631	variables	T080	C0439828
28465793	636	644	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28465793	645	658	care outcomes	T170	C0518889
28465793	660	661	O	T170	C0518889
28465793	664	679	Care management	T058	C2735310
28465793	694	719	health education programs	T058	C0679897
28465793	733	745	intervention	T058	C1273869
28465793	746	754	variable	T080	C0439828
28465793	769	779	influences	T077	C4054723
28465793	780	781	K	T033	C0518904
28465793	783	784	M	T041	C0026605
28465793	786	787	A	T041	C0004271
28465793	793	794	P	T041	C0237607
28465793	827	838	variability	T077	C2827666
28465793	842	849	patient	T101	C0030705
28465793	850	863	care outcomes	T170	C0518889
28465793	867	875	patients	T101	C0030705
28465793	881	896	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28465793	903	909	review	T170	C0282443
28465793	950	966	KMAP-O framework	T058	C0679897
28465793	982	987	guide	T170	C0681467
28465793	992	1007	care management	T058	C2735310
28465793	1011	1019	patients	T101	C0030705
28465793	1025	1040	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28465793	1073	1086	interventions	T058	C1273869
28465793	1116	1125	knowledge	T033	C0518904
28465793	1126	1137	enhancement	T052	C2349975
28465793	1139	1159	increased motivation	T041	C0520939
28465793	1161	1172	attitudinal	T041	C0004271
28465793	1173	1180	changes	T169	C0392747
28465793	1186	1194	improved	T033	C0184511
28465793	1195	1214	preventive practice	T058	C1516623
28465793	1218	1224	reduce	T080	C0392756
28465793	1229	1240	progression	T046	C0242656
28465793	1244	1259	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28465793	1264	1277	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28465793	1296	1302	use of	T169	C1524063
28465793	1303	1332	health information technology	T066	C2936756
28465793	1337	1346	enhancing	T052	C2349975
28465793	1347	1354	changes	T169	C0392747
28465793	1358	1362	KMAP	T058	C0679897
28465793	1367	1381	communications	T054	C0009452
28465793	1398	1414	health promotion	T058	C0018738
28465793	1419	1430	development	T169	C1527148

28466053|t|Analyzing the clinical profile of swine flu / influenza A H1N1 infection in central India: a retrospective study
28466053|a|Recently, India reported an increase in swine flu (influenza A H1N1) activity. There are limited studies on epidemiology of swine flu in Indian context. This study aims to analyze clinical and epidemiological profile of suspected swine flu cases in central India. 171 cases were included in a hospital based, observational, descriptive study conducted from December 2014 to April 2015. Demographics, clinical presentation and outcome of positive and negative cases were compared. Data was analyzed using STATA software. Distribution by age, sex and residence was found similar (p > 0.05) in positive and negative cases. Cough (89%), fever (85%) and throat irritation (51%) were chief complaints (avg. duration = 4.9 days). History of travel, history of contact with swine flu cases (p = 0.002) and history of visiting crowded places (p = 0.098) was reported considerably in higher proportion in positive cases as compared to negative cases. There were 14 deaths and they occurred significantly in younger age among positive cases as compared to negatives (Mean ± SD: 34 ± 2.8 vs 47 ± 8.4 years). Case fatality ratio (CFR) in positive cases showing history of travel, contact with swine flu cases, requiring invasive ventilator support and >3 X-ray zones involvement were significantly higher. Outbreak in later part of winter, high case fatality and younger population is more affected. In this study, swine flu infection and outbreaks started later in the year Hospital stay and CFR were increased. Understanding the swine flu infection, changing clinical presentation of swine flu and formulate new strategies for its prevention and management.
28466053	0	9	Analyzing	T062	C0936012
28466053	14	22	clinical	T080	C0205210
28466053	23	30	profile	T059	C1979963
28466053	34	43	swine flu	T047	C2076600
28466053	46	72	influenza A H1N1 infection	T047	C2076600
28466053	76	89	central India	T083	C0021201
28466053	93	112	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28466053	123	128	India	T083	C0021201
28466053	141	149	increase	T169	C0442805
28466053	153	162	swine flu	T047	C2076600
28466053	164	180	influenza A H1N1	T047	C2076600
28466053	210	217	studies	T059	C0947630
28466053	221	233	epidemiology	T091	C0014507
28466053	237	246	swine flu	T047	C2076600
28466053	250	264	Indian context	T078	C0449255
28466053	271	276	study	T059	C0947630
28466053	277	281	aims	T078	C1947946
28466053	285	292	analyze	T062	C0936012
28466053	293	301	clinical	T080	C0205210
28466053	306	329	epidemiological profile	T062	C0002783
28466053	333	342	suspected	T080	C0332147
28466053	343	352	swine flu	T047	C2076600
28466053	353	358	cases	T077	C1706256
28466053	362	375	central India	T083	C0021201
28466053	381	386	cases	T077	C1706256
28466053	406	414	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28466053	422	435	observational	T062	C1518527
28466053	437	448	descriptive	T170	C0678257
28466053	499	511	Demographics	T090	C0011298
28466053	513	534	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
28466053	539	546	outcome	T169	C1274040
28466053	550	558	positive	T033	C1514241
28466053	563	577	negative cases	T033	C1513916
28466053	593	597	Data	T078	C1511726
28466053	602	610	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28466053	617	631	STATA software	T073,T170	C0037585
28466053	633	645	Distribution	T169	C1704711
28466053	649	652	age	T081	C0001782
28466053	654	657	sex	T081	C0036878
28466053	662	671	residence	T082	C0237096
28466053	704	712	positive	T033	C1514241
28466053	717	731	negative cases	T033	C1513916
28466053	733	738	Cough	T184	C0010200
28466053	746	751	fever	T184	C0015967
28466053	762	779	throat irritation	T184	C0700184
28466053	791	807	chief complaints	T033	C0277786
28466053	836	853	History of travel	T033	C0489542
28466053	855	862	history	T033	C2004062
28466053	866	878	contact with	T169	C0332158
28466053	879	888	swine flu	T047	C2076600
28466053	889	894	cases	T077	C1706256
28466053	911	918	history	T033	C2004062
28466053	931	945	crowded places	T082	C0442504
28466053	987	993	higher	T080	C0205250
28466053	994	1004	proportion	T081	C1709707
28466053	1008	1022	positive cases	T033	C1514241
28466053	1038	1052	negative cases	T033	C1513916
28466053	1068	1074	deaths	T040	C0011065
28466053	1110	1121	younger age	T033	C4061789
28466053	1128	1142	positive cases	T033	C1514241
28466053	1158	1167	negatives	T033	C1513916
28466053	1209	1228	Case fatality ratio	T081	C0282250
28466053	1230	1233	CFR	T081	C0282250
28466053	1238	1252	positive cases	T033	C1514241
28466053	1261	1278	history of travel	T033	C0489542
28466053	1280	1292	contact with	T169	C0332158
28466053	1293	1302	swine flu	T047	C2076600
28466053	1303	1308	cases	T077	C1706256
28466053	1320	1347	invasive ventilator support	T074	C0183683
28466053	1355	1360	X-ray	T169	C0034571
28466053	1361	1366	zones	T082	C1710706
28466053	1406	1414	Outbreak	T067	C0012652
28466053	1432	1438	winter	T079	C0241737
28466053	1440	1458	high case fatality	T081	C0681679
28466053	1463	1481	younger population	T098	C1257890
28466053	1490	1498	affected	T169	C0392760
28466053	1508	1513	study	T059	C0947630
28466053	1515	1534	swine flu infection	T047	C2076600
28466053	1539	1548	outbreaks	T067	C0012652
28466053	1575	1583	Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28466053	1593	1596	CFR	T081	C0282250
28466053	1602	1611	increased	T169	C0442805
28466053	1631	1650	swine flu infection	T047	C2076600
28466053	1661	1682	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
28466053	1686	1695	swine flu	T047	C2076600
28466053	1733	1743	prevention	T061	C0679698
28466053	1748	1758	management	T058	C0376636

28466270|t|Synaptic NMDA Receptor Activation Induces Ubiquitination and Degradation of STEP61
28466270|a|NMDA receptor signaling is critical for the development of synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, and dysregulation of NMDAR signaling is implicated in a number of neurological disorders including schizophrenia (SZ). Previous work has demonstrated that the STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase 61 kDa (STEP61) is elevated in human SZ postmortem cortical samples and after administration of psychotomimetics to cultures or mice. Here, we report that activation of synaptic NMDAR by bicuculline or D-serine results in the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of STEP61, and increased surface localization of GluN1 / GluN2B receptors. Moreover, bicuculline or D-serine treatments rescue the motor and cognitive deficits in MK-801 -treated mice and reduce STEP61 in mouse frontal cortex. These results suggest that STEP61 may contribute to the therapeutic effects of D-serine.
28466270	0	8	Synaptic	T030	C0039062
28466270	9	22	NMDA Receptor	T116,T192	C0080093
28466270	23	33	Activation	T043	C1514758
28466270	42	56	Ubiquitination	T044	C1519751
28466270	61	72	Degradation	T044	C0597297
28466270	76	82	STEP61	T116,T126	C1453844
28466270	83	96	NMDA receptor	T116,T192	C0080093
28466270	97	106	signaling	T043	C0037083
28466270	142	161	synaptic plasticity	T042	C0027880
28466270	163	171	learning	T041	C0023185
28466270	177	183	memory	T041	C0025260
28466270	189	202	dysregulation	T169	C0221099
28466270	206	211	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
28466270	212	221	signaling	T043	C0037083
28466270	251	273	neurological disorders	T047	C0027765
28466270	284	297	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28466270	299	301	SZ	T048	C0036341
28466270	344	397	STriatal-Enriched protein tyrosine Phosphatase 61 kDa	T116,T126	C1453844
28466270	399	405	STEP61	T116,T126	C1453844
28466270	422	427	human	T016	C0086418
28466270	428	430	SZ	T048	C0036341
28466270	431	441	postmortem	T060	C0004398
28466270	442	450	cortical	T023	C0007776
28466270	451	458	samples	T077	C2347026
28466270	469	483	administration	T061	C1533734
28466270	487	503	psychotomimetics	UnknownType	C0684170
28466270	507	515	cultures	T059	C0040284
28466270	519	523	mice	T015	C0025929
28466270	546	556	activation	T043	C1514758
28466270	560	568	synaptic	T030	C0039062
28466270	569	574	NMDAR	T116,T192	C0080093
28466270	578	589	bicuculline	T109,T121	C0005372
28466270	593	601	D-serine	T116	C1880218
28466270	617	631	ubiquitination	T044	C1519751
28466270	636	659	proteasomal degradation	T044	C0597297
28466270	663	669	STEP61	T116,T126	C1447230
28466270	709	714	GluN1	T116,T192	C0061465
28466270	717	733	GluN2B receptors	T192	C1099474
28466270	745	756	bicuculline	T109,T121	C0005372
28466270	760	768	D-serine	T116	C1880218
28466270	769	779	treatments	T061	C0087111
28466270	791	796	motor	T033	C0521654
28466270	801	819	cognitive deficits	T048	C0009241
28466270	823	829	MK-801	T109,T121	C0813872
28466270	839	843	mice	T015	C0025929
28466270	855	861	STEP61	T116,T126	C1447230
28466270	865	870	mouse	T015	C0025929
28466270	871	885	frontal cortex	T023	C0016733
28466270	893	900	results	T169	C1274040
28466270	914	920	STEP61	T116,T126	C1447230
28466270	943	962	therapeutic effects	T201	C1527144
28466270	966	974	D-serine	T116	C1880218

28466379|t|Bayesian and Phylogenic Approaches for Studying Relationships among Table Olive Cultivars
28466379|a|To enhance table olive tree authentication, relationship, and productivity, we consider the analysis of 18 worldwide table olive cultivars (Olea europaea L.) based on morphological, biological, and physicochemical markers analyzed by bioinformatic and biostatistic tools. Accordingly, we assess the relationships between the studied varieties, on the one hand, and the potential productivity - quantitative parameter links on the other hand. The bioinformatic analysis based on the graphical representation of the matrix of Euclidean distances, the principal components analysis, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed three major clusters which were not correlated with the geographic origin. The statistical analysis based on Kendall's and Spearman correlation coefficients suggests two highly significant associations with both fruit color and pollinization and the productivity character. These results are confirmed by the multiple linear regression prediction models. In fact, based on the coefficient of determination (R (2)) value, the best model demonstrated the power of the pollinization on the tree productivity (R (2) = 0.846). Moreover, the derived directed acyclic graph showed that only two direct influences are detected: effect of tolerance on fruit and stone symmetry on side and effect of tolerance on stone form and oil content on the other side. This work provides better understanding of the diversity available in worldwide table olive cultivars and supplies an important contribution for olive breeding and authenticity.
28466379	0	8	Bayesian	T081	C0242196
28466379	13	34	Phylogenic Approaches	T062	C1519068
28466379	48	61	Relationships	T080	C0439849
28466379	68	89	Table Olive Cultivars	T002	C0996956
28466379	101	117	table olive tree	T002	C0996956
28466379	118	132	authentication	T080	C0205556
28466379	134	146	relationship	T080	C0439849
28466379	152	164	productivity	T081	C0033269
28466379	182	190	analysis	T062	C0936012
28466379	207	228	table olive cultivars	T002	C0996956
28466379	230	246	Olea europaea L.	T002	C0996956
28466379	257	270	morphological	T080	C0332437
28466379	272	282	biological	T080	C0205460
28466379	288	311	physicochemical markers	T045	C0017393
28466379	324	337	bioinformatic	T170	C0037589
28466379	342	360	biostatistic tools	T170	C0037589
28466379	389	402	relationships	T080	C0439849
28466379	423	432	varieties	T080	C0205419
28466379	469	481	productivity	T081	C0033269
28466379	484	496	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28466379	497	506	parameter	T077	C0549193
28466379	536	549	bioinformatic	T170	C0037589
28466379	550	558	analysis	T062	C0936012
28466379	572	596	graphical representation	T170	C0870616
28466379	604	633	matrix of Euclidean distances	T062	C1880593
28466379	639	668	principal components analysis	T081	C0429865
28466379	670	698	unweighted pair group method	T062	C1881045
28466379	704	719	arithmetic mean	T081	C0444504
28466379	725	754	principal coordinate analysis	T062	C0936012
28466379	756	760	PCoA	T062	C0936012
28466379	783	791	clusters	T081	C1704332
28466379	827	837	geographic	T082	C1517526
28466379	838	844	origin	T033	C0584985
28466379	850	870	statistical analysis	T062	C0871424
28466379	894	927	Spearman correlation coefficients	T081	C0242929
28466379	960	972	associations	T080	C0439849
28466379	983	988	fruit	T168	C0016767
28466379	989	994	color	T080	C0009393
28466379	999	1012	pollinization	T040	C1522786
28466379	1021	1033	productivity	T081	C0033269
28466379	1051	1058	results	T169	C1274040
28466379	1080	1124	multiple linear regression prediction models	T081	C0023733
28466379	1148	1176	coefficient of determination	T081	C2827748
28466379	1178	1183	R (2)	T081	C2827748
28466379	1201	1206	model	T170	C3161035
28466379	1224	1229	power	T081	C3854080
28466379	1237	1250	pollinization	T040	C1522786
28466379	1263	1275	productivity	T081	C0033269
28466379	1277	1282	R (2)	T081	C2827748
28466379	1315	1337	directed acyclic graph	T170	C1706232
28466379	1366	1376	influences	T077	C4054723
28466379	1381	1389	detected	T033	C0442726
28466379	1391	1397	effect	T080	C1280500
28466379	1401	1410	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28466379	1414	1419	fruit	T168	C0016767
28466379	1424	1438	stone symmetry	T080	C0205556
28466379	1451	1457	effect	T080	C1280500
28466379	1461	1470	tolerance	T080	C1704410
28466379	1474	1484	stone form	T080	C0205556
28466379	1489	1492	oil	T109	C0028908
28466379	1493	1500	content	T077	C0456205
28466379	1567	1576	diversity	T080	C1880371
28466379	1600	1621	table olive cultivars	T002	C0996956
28466379	1665	1670	olive	T002	C0996956
28466379	1671	1679	breeding	T040	C0006159
28466379	1684	1696	authenticity	T080	C0205556

28466814|t|Association of leukemia inhibitory factor gene polymorphism and in vitro fertilization outcome in a population in northern Iran
28466814|a|Several studies have been demonstrated that endometrial leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is important in embryo implantation. LIF is a secreted glycoprotein with a variety of biological functions including stimulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and survival that are all essential for blastocyete development and implantation. The LIF receptor activates several signaling pathways in diverse cell types, including Jak/STAT, MAPK and PI3-kinase pathways in the endometrium of fertile woman. It has been suggested that the initial lower expression of LIF in proliferative phase may be one of the causes for multiple failure of implantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal genotype of SNP 3951C/T LIF and in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF - ET) outcome in infertile women. This case-control study was comprised of infertile patients (n=70) and women having one healthy child as controls (n=73). Genotyping for SNP-3951C/T was performed by PCR/RFLP. Allele and genotype distribution did not differ significantly between patients and controls (P>0.05). The LIF genotype frequencies amongst the 70 cases were C/C =40%, C/T =52.8% and T/T =7.2%; the C and T allele frequencies were 66% and 34%, respectively. The LIF genotype frequencies amongst the 73 controls were C/C =45.20%, C/T =50.70% and T/T =4.1%; the C and T allele frequencies were 70% and 30%, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that SNP 3951C/T of LIF may not be associated with IVF - ET outcome in this population. Although more studies should be considered with larger number of patients and control subjects to confirm our results.
28466814	0	11	Association	T080	C0439849
28466814	15	46	leukemia inhibitory factor gene	T028	C1366463
28466814	47	59	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28466814	64	72	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28466814	73	86	fertilization	T040	C0015914
28466814	87	94	outcome	T169	C1274040
28466814	100	110	population	T098	C1257890
28466814	114	127	northern Iran	T083	C0022065
28466814	136	143	studies	T062	C2603343
28466814	172	183	endometrial	T082	C0227843
28466814	184	210	leukemia inhibitory factor	T116,T129	C0125606
28466814	212	215	LIF	T116,T129	C0125606
28466814	233	252	embryo implantation	T040	C0029976
28466814	254	257	LIF	T116,T129	C0125606
28466814	272	284	glycoprotein	T116,T123	C0017968
28466814	303	323	biological functions	T038	C3714634
28466814	334	345	stimulation	T070	C1948023
28466814	349	367	cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28466814	369	384	differentiation	T043	C0007589
28466814	389	397	survival	T043	C0007620
28466814	411	420	essential	T080	C0205224
28466814	425	436	blastocyete	T018	C0005705
28466814	437	448	development	T169	C1527148
28466814	453	465	implantation	T040	C0029976
28466814	471	483	LIF receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0125607
28466814	484	493	activates	T052	C1879547
28466814	502	520	signaling pathways	T044	C0037080
28466814	524	542	diverse cell types	T170	C0449475
28466814	554	562	Jak/STAT	T169	C2984327
28466814	564	568	MAPK	T116,T126	C0752312
28466814	573	583	PI3-kinase	T116,T126	C0044602
28466814	584	592	pathways	T044	C0037080
28466814	600	611	endometrium	T023	C0014180
28466814	615	622	fertile	T040	C0015895
28466814	623	628	woman	T098	C0043210
28466814	675	685	expression	T045	C1171362
28466814	689	692	LIF	T116,T129	C0125606
28466814	696	709	proliferative	T046	C0334094
28466814	710	715	phase	T079	C0205390
28466814	754	761	failure	T169	C0231174
28466814	765	777	implantation	T061	C0021107
28466814	795	800	study	T062	C2603343
28466814	821	832	association	T080	C0439849
28466814	841	849	maternal	T033	C1858460
28466814	850	858	genotype	T032	C0017431
28466814	862	873	SNP 3951C/T	T086	C0752046
28466814	874	877	LIF	T116,T129	C0125606
28466814	882	904	in vitro fertilization	T061	C0015915
28466814	909	924	embryo transfer	T061	C0013938
28466814	926	929	IVF	T061	C0015915
28466814	932	934	ET	T061	C0013938
28466814	936	943	outcome	T080	C0085415
28466814	947	956	infertile	T046	C0021359
28466814	957	962	women	T098	C0043210
28466814	969	987	case-control study	T062	C0007328
28466814	1005	1014	infertile	T046	C0021359
28466814	1015	1023	patients	T101	C0030705
28466814	1035	1040	women	T098	C0043210
28466814	1052	1065	healthy child	T033	C0686744
28466814	1069	1077	controls	T096	C0009932
28466814	1086	1096	Genotyping	T059	C1285573
28466814	1101	1112	SNP-3951C/T	T086	C0752046
28466814	1130	1138	PCR/RFLP	T059	C3714764
28466814	1140	1146	Allele	T028	C0002085
28466814	1151	1159	genotype	T032	C0017431
28466814	1160	1172	distribution	T169	C1704711
28466814	1210	1218	patients	T101	C0030705
28466814	1223	1231	controls	T096	C0009932
28466814	1246	1249	LIF	T116,T129	C0125606
28466814	1250	1258	genotype	T032	C0017431
28466814	1259	1270	frequencies	T081	C0017270
28466814	1286	1291	cases	T169	C0868928
28466814	1297	1300	C/C	T086	C0004793
28466814	1307	1310	C/T	T086	C0004793
28466814	1322	1325	T/T	T086	C0004793
28466814	1345	1351	allele	T028	C0002085
28466814	1352	1363	frequencies	T081	C0017270
28466814	1400	1403	LIF	T116,T129	C0125606
28466814	1404	1412	genotype	T032	C0017431
28466814	1413	1424	frequencies	T081	C0017270
28466814	1440	1448	controls	T096	C0009932
28466814	1454	1457	C/C	T086	C0004793
28466814	1467	1470	C/T	T086	C0004793
28466814	1483	1486	T/T	T086	C0004793
28466814	1506	1512	allele	T028	C0002085
28466814	1513	1524	frequencies	T081	C0017270
28466814	1576	1583	results	T169	C1274040
28466814	1612	1623	SNP 3951C/T	T086	C0752046
28466814	1627	1630	LIF	T116,T129	C0125606
28466814	1642	1657	associated with	T080	C0332281
28466814	1658	1661	IVF	T061	C0015915
28466814	1664	1666	ET	T061	C0013938
28466814	1667	1674	outcome	T080	C0085415
28466814	1683	1693	population	T098	C1257890
28466814	1709	1716	studies	T062	C2603343
28466814	1760	1768	patients	T101	C0030705
28466814	1773	1789	control subjects	T096	C0009932
28466814	1793	1800	confirm	T080	C1456348
28466814	1805	1812	results	T169	C1274040

28467858|t|ANTI ANGIOGENIC EFFECT OF CHEBULAGIC ACID INVOLVES INHIBITION OF VEGFR2 AND GSK3β DEPENDENT SIGNALING PATHWAYS
28467858|a|Inhibition of angiogenesis is a useful strategy to prevent cancer growth, which targets new vessels that grow to nourish actively proliferating tumor cells. Endothelial cells can use a number of different pathways to cause angiogenesis and each step in these pathways can be targeted. The use of multi targeted drugs is gaining much importance in this scenario. Our previous results have shown the anti angiogenic effect of Chebulagic acid - a benzopyran tannin present in the fruits of Terminalia chebula. The present study was designed to examine the molecular mechanism of the anti angiogenic effect of chebulagic acid. Results of our investigations using molecular docking studies and HUVECs in culture suggested that Chebulagic acid inhibited GSK-3β dependent β-catenin phosphorylation, an important mediator of VE-cadherin / β-catenin signaling and VEGFR2 phosphorylation which is an important step involved in VEGF signaling. Chebulagic acid inhibits angiogenesis by blocking both VEGF / VEGFR2 and cell-cell contact dependent downstream signaling pathway.
28467858	0	22	ANTI ANGIOGENIC EFFECT	T033	C0243095
28467858	26	41	CHEBULAGIC ACID	T109,T121	C0653267
28467858	51	61	INHIBITION	T052	C3463820
28467858	65	71	VEGFR2	T044	C3549205
28467858	76	110	GSK3β DEPENDENT SIGNALING PATHWAYS	T044	C0037080
28467858	111	121	Inhibition	T052	C3463820
28467858	125	137	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28467858	150	158	strategy	T170	C0679716
28467858	162	169	prevent	T080	C2700409
28467858	170	183	cancer growth	T191	C1516170
28467858	191	198	targets	T169	C1521840
28467858	203	210	vessels	T023	C0005847
28467858	241	254	proliferating	T169	C1514485
28467858	255	266	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
28467858	268	285	Endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28467858	316	324	pathways	T044	C0037080
28467858	334	346	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28467858	370	378	pathways	T044	C0037080
28467858	386	394	targeted	T169	C1521840
28467858	407	427	multi targeted drugs	T121	C1254351
28467858	509	531	anti angiogenic effect	T033	C0243095
28467858	535	550	Chebulagic acid	T109,T121	C0653267
28467858	555	565	benzopyran	T109	C0005078
28467858	566	572	tannin	T109,T121,T130	C1456509
28467858	588	594	fruits	T168	C0016767
28467858	598	616	Terminalia chebula	T002	C1193061
28467858	664	683	molecular mechanism	T044	C3537153
28467858	691	713	anti angiogenic effect	T033	C0243095
28467858	717	732	chebulagic acid	T109,T121	C0653267
28467858	770	795	molecular docking studies	T170	C3494274
28467858	800	806	HUVECs	T025	C3179121
28467858	810	817	culture	T059	C0007585
28467858	833	848	Chebulagic acid	T109,T121	C0653267
28467858	849	858	inhibited	T052	C3463820
28467858	859	865	GSK-3β	T116,T126	C0244988
28467858	866	875	dependent	T169	C3244310
28467858	876	885	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
28467858	886	901	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28467858	928	939	VE-cadherin	T116,T129	C0300423
28467858	942	951	β-catenin	T116,T123	C0105770
28467858	952	961	signaling	T044	C0037080
28467858	966	972	VEGFR2	T116,T126,T192	C3849882
28467858	973	988	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28467858	1028	1042	VEGF signaling	T044	C3271788
28467858	1044	1059	Chebulagic acid	T109,T121	C0653267
28467858	1060	1068	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28467858	1069	1081	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28467858	1085	1093	blocking	T169	C0332206
28467858	1099	1103	VEGF	T116,T123	C1256770
28467858	1106	1112	VEGFR2	T116,T126,T192	C3849882
28467858	1117	1173	cell-cell contact dependent downstream signaling pathway	T044	C0037080

28468175|t|Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Syndrome With Bilateral Tarsal Kink: Three Sutures for Correction
28468175|a|The authors describe a 5- month-old male infant with Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome, which is an extremely rare condition. He had tarsal kink in upper eyelids in both eyes. The authors treated bilateral tarsal kink with an everting suture via a transconjunctival approach under local anesthesia.
28468175	0	32	Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch Syndrome	T047	C0406586
28468175	38	47	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
28468175	48	59	Tarsal Kink	T019	C1303000
28468175	67	74	Sutures	T061	C0038968
28468175	79	89	Correction	T169	C1947976
28468175	116	125	month-old	T079	C0580836
28468175	126	130	male	T032	C0086582
28468175	131	137	infant	T100	C0021270
28468175	143	175	Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome	T047	C0406586
28468175	199	203	rare	T080	C0522498
28468175	204	213	condition	T047	C0012634
28468175	222	233	tarsal kink	T019	C1303000
28468175	237	250	upper eyelids	T023	C0585636
28468175	254	263	both eyes	T023	C0229118
28468175	277	284	treated	T169	C1522326
28468175	285	294	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28468175	295	306	tarsal kink	T019	C1303000
28468175	315	323	everting	T058	C0455231
28468175	324	330	suture	T061	C0038968
28468175	337	363	transconjunctival approach	T082	C0442347
28468175	370	386	local anesthesia	T061	C0002921

28468714|t|The Indications for Laparoscopic Pancreatectomy
28468714|a|Laparoscopic pancreatectomy is not yet established as a routine procedure everywhere in Germany or in other countries. Few data are available on its short- and long-term outcomes. From 2008 onward, a working group initiated by 10 centers and currently comprising 34 centers has gathered data on all cases of laparoscopic pancreatectomy. Procedures in which laparoscopy was converted to open surgery are also included. The registry now contains 550 data sets representing 267 cases of benign disease, 244 malignancies, and 39 borderline tumors. The most common procedure was laparoscopic left pancreatectomy, followed by resection of the head of the pancreas and tumor enucleation. The most common intraoperative complication was hemorrhage, with a frequency of 3%. The rate of conversion to open surgery was 35%; if minilaparotomies are excluded, the conversion rate was only 16%. 39% of patients developed a pancreatic fistula after surgery (usually grade A or B, with 1.5% grade C) and 3% underwent reoperation because of postoperative hemorrhage. The procedure-related mortality was 1.3%. 91% of the patients reported only very mild postoperative pain. 6.7% newly developed diabetes mellitus after the procedure. The patient cohort in the registry consists of persons who were selected to undergo laparoscopic pancreatectomy by the participating hospital teams, and the data are thus inherently affected by selection bias. The operative procedures that they underwent reflect the current practice of laparoscopic pancreatectomy in Germany. The complication rates are similar to those of open surgery. Selection bias can be avoided only by a randomized trial.
28468714	4	15	Indications	T078	C0392360
28468714	20	47	Laparoscopic Pancreatectomy	T061	C0030279
28468714	48	75	Laparoscopic pancreatectomy	T061	C0030279
28468714	104	121	routine procedure	T061	C1298805
28468714	136	143	Germany	T083	C0017480
28468714	156	165	countries	T083	C0454664
28468714	171	175	data	T078	C1511726
28468714	197	226	short- and long-term outcomes	T080	C0085415
28468714	248	261	working group	T098	C1883562
28468714	278	285	centers	T073,T093	C0475309
28468714	314	321	centers	T073,T093	C0475309
28468714	335	339	data	T078	C1511726
28468714	347	352	cases	T169	C0868928
28468714	356	383	laparoscopic pancreatectomy	T061	C0030279
28468714	385	395	Procedures	T061	C0087111
28468714	405	416	laparoscopy	T061	C1883297
28468714	434	446	open surgery	T061	C4283938
28468714	470	478	registry	T170	C0034975
28468714	496	500	data	T078	C1511726
28468714	523	528	cases	T169	C0868928
28468714	532	546	benign disease	T191	C0086692
28468714	552	564	malignancies	T191	C0006826
28468714	573	590	borderline tumors	T191	C0027651
28468714	608	617	procedure	T061	C0087111
28468714	622	654	laparoscopic left pancreatectomy	T061	C0030279
28468714	668	677	resection	T061	C0015252
28468714	685	705	head of the pancreas	T023	C0227579
28468714	710	715	tumor	T191	C0027651
28468714	716	727	enucleation	T061	C1283063
28468714	745	772	intraoperative complication	T046	C0021890
28468714	777	787	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28468714	817	821	rate	T081	C1521828
28468714	825	835	conversion	T169	C0439836
28468714	839	851	open surgery	T061	C4283938
28468714	864	880	minilaparotomies	T058	C0026168
28468714	899	909	conversion	T169	C0439836
28468714	910	914	rate	T081	C1521828
28468714	936	944	patients	T101	C0030705
28468714	957	975	pancreatic fistula	T047	C0030290
28468714	982	989	surgery	T061	C0543467
28468714	1049	1060	reoperation	T061	C0035110
28468714	1072	1096	postoperative hemorrhage	T046	C0032788
28468714	1102	1129	procedure-related mortality	T033	C0277599
28468714	1151	1159	patients	T101	C0030705
28468714	1184	1202	postoperative pain	T184	C0030201
28468714	1225	1242	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28468714	1253	1262	procedure	T061	C0087111
28468714	1268	1275	patient	T101	C0030705
28468714	1276	1282	cohort	T098	C0599755
28468714	1290	1298	registry	T170	C0034975
28468714	1311	1318	persons	T098	C0027361
28468714	1348	1375	laparoscopic pancreatectomy	T061	C0030279
28468714	1397	1405	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28468714	1406	1411	teams	T096	C0871489
28468714	1421	1425	data	T078	C1511726
28468714	1458	1472	selection bias	T081	C0036577
28468714	1478	1498	operative procedures	T061	C0543467
28468714	1551	1578	laparoscopic pancreatectomy	T061	C0030279
28468714	1582	1589	Germany	T083	C0017480
28468714	1595	1607	complication	T046	C0009566
28468714	1608	1613	rates	T081	C1521828
28468714	1638	1650	open surgery	T061	C4283938
28468714	1652	1666	Selection bias	T081	C0036577
28468714	1692	1708	randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034

28468745|t|Erosion of Digital Professionalism During Medical Students' Core Clinical Clerkships
28468745|a|The increased use of social media, cloud computing, and mobile devices has led to the emergence of guidelines and novel teaching efforts to guide students toward the appropriate use of technology. Despite this, violations of professional conduct are common. We sought to explore professional behaviors specific to appropriate use of technology by looking at changes in third-year medical students' attitudes and behaviors at the beginning and conclusion of their clinical clerkships. After formal teaching about digital professionalism, we administered a survey to medical students that described 35 technology - related behaviors and queried students about professionalism of the behavior (on a 5-point Likert scale), observation of others engaging in the behavior (yes or no), as well as personal participation in the behavior (yes or no). Students were resurveyed at the end of the academic year. Over the year, perceptions of what is considered acceptable behavior regarding privacy, data security, communications, and social media boundaries changed, despite formal teaching sessions to reinforce professional behavior. Furthermore, medical students who observed unprofessional behaviors were more likely to participate in such behaviors. Although technology is a useful tool to enhance teaching and learning, our results reflect an erosion of professionalism related to information security that occurred despite medical school and hospital -based teaching sessions to promote digital professionalism. True alteration of trainee behavior will require a cultural shift that includes continual education, better role models, and frequent reminders for faculty, house staff, students, and staff.
28468745	0	7	Erosion	T067	C1254366
28468745	11	18	Digital	T080	C1883674
28468745	19	34	Professionalism	T080	C0815219
28468745	42	59	Medical Students'	T097	C0038495
28468745	60	84	Core Clinical Clerkships	T065	C0008955
28468745	89	98	increased	T081	C0205217
28468745	99	105	use of	T169	C1524063
28468745	106	118	social media	T170	C3179065
28468745	120	135	cloud computing	T066	C4042841
28468745	141	155	mobile devices	T073	C1136359
28468745	184	194	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28468745	199	204	novel	T080	C0205314
28468745	205	221	teaching efforts	T065	C0039401
28468745	231	239	students	T097	C0038495
28468745	251	262	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28468745	263	269	use of	T169	C1524063
28468745	270	280	technology	T090	C0039421
28468745	296	306	violations	T053	C0004927
28468745	310	330	professional conduct	T053	C0004927
28468745	364	386	professional behaviors	T053	C0004927
28468745	399	410	appropriate	T080	C1548787
28468745	411	417	use of	T169	C1524063
28468745	418	428	technology	T090	C0039421
28468745	443	450	changes	T169	C0392747
28468745	454	464	third-year	T079	C1254367
28468745	465	482	medical students'	T097	C0038495
28468745	483	492	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28468745	497	506	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28468745	514	523	beginning	T079	C0439659
28468745	528	538	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28468745	548	567	clinical clerkships	T065	C0008955
28468745	575	590	formal teaching	T065	C0039401
28468745	597	604	digital	T080	C1883674
28468745	605	620	professionalism	T080	C0815219
28468745	625	637	administered	T169	C1521801
28468745	640	646	survey	T170	C0038951
28468745	650	666	medical students	T097	C0038495
28468745	685	695	technology	T090	C0039421
28468745	698	705	related	T169	C1552599
28468745	706	715	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28468745	728	736	students	T098	C0038492
28468745	743	758	professionalism	T080	C0815219
28468745	766	774	behavior	T053	C0004927
28468745	781	801	5-point Likert scale	T170	C0451267
28468745	804	815	observation	T078	C1554188
28468745	826	834	engaging	T169	C0205245
28468745	842	850	behavior	T053	C0004927
28468745	852	861	yes or no	T185	C1512698
28468745	875	897	personal participation	T169	C0679823
28468745	905	913	behavior	T053	C0004927
28468745	915	924	yes or no	T185	C1512698
28468745	927	935	Students	T097	C0038495
28468745	941	951	resurveyed	T169	C0205245
28468745	959	962	end	T079	C2746065
28468745	970	983	academic year	T079	C3258203
28468745	994	998	year	T079	C0439234
28468745	1000	1011	perceptions	T041	C0030971
28468745	1034	1044	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28468745	1045	1053	behavior	T053	C0004927
28468745	1064	1071	privacy	T078	C0080048
28468745	1073	1086	data security	T080	C0086100
28468745	1088	1102	communications	T054	C0009452
28468745	1108	1120	social media	T170	C3179065
28468745	1121	1131	boundaries	T082	C1254362
28468745	1132	1139	changed	T169	C0392747
28468745	1149	1164	formal teaching	T065	C0039401
28468745	1165	1173	sessions	T051	C1883016
28468745	1177	1186	reinforce	T169	C0205245
28468745	1187	1208	professional behavior	T053	C0004927
28468745	1223	1239	medical students	T097	C0038495
28468745	1253	1277	unprofessional behaviors	T053	C0004927
28468745	1318	1327	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28468745	1338	1348	technology	T090	C0039421
28468745	1361	1365	tool	T073	C0336791
28468745	1377	1385	teaching	T065	C0039401
28468745	1390	1398	learning	T041	C0023185
28468745	1423	1430	erosion	T067	C1254366
28468745	1434	1449	professionalism	T080	C0815219
28468745	1461	1472	information	T078	C1533716
28468745	1473	1481	security	T080	C0086100
28468745	1487	1495	occurred	T052	C1709305
28468745	1504	1518	medical school	T073,T093	C0036378
28468745	1523	1531	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28468745	1539	1547	teaching	T065	C0039401
28468745	1548	1556	sessions	T051	C1883016
28468745	1568	1575	digital	T080	C1883674
28468745	1576	1591	professionalism	T080	C0815219
28468745	1598	1608	alteration	T078	C1515926
28468745	1612	1619	trainee	T097	C1522486
28468745	1620	1628	behavior	T053	C0004927
28468745	1673	1682	continual	T079	C0439598
28468745	1683	1692	education	T065	C0039401
28468745	1701	1712	role models	T098	C0178835
28468745	1718	1726	frequent	T079	C0332183
28468745	1727	1736	reminders	T077	C1709896
28468745	1741	1748	faculty	T097	C0015537
28468745	1750	1761	house staff	T097	C0020044
28468745	1763	1771	students	T097	C0038495
28468745	1777	1782	staff	T097	C0851286

28468761|t|CD177 (+) neutrophils as functionally activated neutrophils negatively regulate IBD
28468761|a|Neutrophils are accumulated in inflamed mucosa of IBD and play an important role in the pathogenesis. CD177 is expressed in neutrophils specifically and upregulated during inflammation. However, the role of CD177(+) neutrophils in pathogenesis of IBD remains elusive. Expression of CD177 was analysed in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa from patients with IBD using quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. CD177(+) and CD177(-) neutrophils were isolated to determine gene differences by RNA sequencing. Colitis was established in CD177(-/-) and wild-type mice in response to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) insults to determine the role of CD177(+) neutrophils in IBD. CD177(+) neutrophils were markedly increased in peripheral blood and inflamed mucosa from patients with active IBD compared with healthy controls. RNA sequencing revealed that differential gene expression between CD177(+) and CD177(-) neutrophils from patients with IBD was associated with response to bacterial defence, hydrogen peroxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS). CD177(+) neutrophils produced lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines (ie, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A), but higher levels of IL-22 and transforming growth factor-β, and exhibited increased bactericidal activities (ie, ROS, antimicrobial peptides, neutrophil extracellular trap) compared with CD177(-) subset. CD177(-/-) mice developed more severe colitis on DSS insults compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, CD177 deficiency led to compromised intestinal barrier and impaired antibacterial immunity through decreased production of IL-22 by CD177(-) neutrophils. CD177(+) neutrophils represent functionally activated population and play a protective role in IBD through increased bactericidal activity and IL-22 production. Targeting CD177 (+) neutrophils may be beneficial for treatment of IBD.
28468761	0	5	CD177	T028	C1824675
28468761	10	21	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	48	59	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	80	83	IBD	T047	C0021390
28468761	84	95	Neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	115	130	inflamed mucosa	T033	C3671082
28468761	134	137	IBD	T047	C0021390
28468761	172	184	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28468761	186	191	CD177	T028	C1824675
28468761	195	204	expressed	T045	C0017262
28468761	208	219	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	237	248	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28468761	256	268	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28468761	291	299	CD177(+)	T028	C1824675
28468761	300	311	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	315	327	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28468761	331	334	IBD	T047	C0021390
28468761	352	362	Expression	T045	C0017262
28468761	366	371	CD177	T028	C1824675
28468761	388	404	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
28468761	409	426	intestinal mucosa	T024	C0021839
28468761	432	440	patients	T101	C0030705
28468761	446	449	IBD	T047	C0021390
28468761	469	475	RT-PCR	T063	C0599161
28468761	477	491	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28468761	496	516	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28468761	518	526	CD177(+)	T028	C1824675
28468761	531	539	CD177(-)	T028	C1824675
28468761	540	551	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	579	583	gene	T028	C0017337
28468761	599	613	RNA sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
28468761	615	622	Colitis	T047	C0009319
28468761	642	652	CD177(-/-)	T028	C1824675
28468761	657	671	wild-type mice	T015	C1520150
28468761	687	709	dextran sulfate sodium	T109,T121	C0079225
28468761	711	714	DSS	T109,T121	C0079225
28468761	749	757	CD177(+)	T028	C1824675
28468761	758	769	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	773	776	IBD	T047	C0021390
28468761	778	786	CD177(+)	T028	C1824675
28468761	787	798	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	826	842	peripheral blood	T031	C0229664
28468761	847	862	inflamed mucosa	T033	C3671082
28468761	868	876	patients	T101	C0030705
28468761	889	892	IBD	T047	C0021390
28468761	907	923	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28468761	925	939	RNA sequencing	T059,T063	C0917793
28468761	967	982	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28468761	991	999	CD177(+)	T028	C1824675
28468761	1004	1012	CD177(-)	T028	C1824675
28468761	1013	1024	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	1030	1038	patients	T101	C0030705
28468761	1044	1047	IBD	T047	C0021390
28468761	1080	1097	bacterial defence	T040	C1327592
28468761	1099	1116	hydrogen peroxide	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28468761	1121	1144	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28468761	1146	1149	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28468761	1152	1160	CD177(+)	T028	C1824675
28468761	1161	1172	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	1198	1223	proinflammatory cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28468761	1229	1241	interferon-γ	T116,T121,T129	C0021745
28468761	1243	1261	interleukin (IL)-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28468761	1263	1269	IL-17A	T116,T192	C1705947
28468761	1293	1298	IL-22	T116,T129	C0961814
28468761	1303	1331	transforming growth factor-β	T116,T123	C0040690
28468761	1357	1380	bactericidal activities	T039	C0544570
28468761	1386	1389	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28468761	1391	1413	antimicrobial peptides	T116	C0030956
28468761	1415	1444	neutrophil extracellular trap	T026	C3850088
28468761	1460	1468	CD177(-)	T028	C1824675
28468761	1477	1487	CD177(-/-)	T028	C1824675
28468761	1488	1492	mice	T015	C0026809
28468761	1515	1522	colitis	T047	C0009319
28468761	1526	1529	DSS	T109,T121	C0079225
28468761	1552	1566	wild-type mice	T015	C1520150
28468761	1578	1583	CD177	T028	C1824675
28468761	1614	1632	intestinal barrier	T043	C3821032
28468761	1646	1668	antibacterial immunity	T039	C0020964
28468761	1701	1706	IL-22	T116,T129	C0961814
28468761	1710	1718	CD177(-)	T028	C1824675
28468761	1719	1730	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	1732	1740	CD177(+)	T028	C1824675
28468761	1741	1752	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	1827	1830	IBD	T047	C0021390
28468761	1849	1870	bactericidal activity	T039	C0544570
28468761	1875	1880	IL-22	T116,T129	C0961814
28468761	1903	1908	CD177	T028	C1824675
28468761	1913	1924	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28468761	1947	1956	treatment	T061	C0087111
28468761	1960	1963	IBD	T047	C0021390

28468980|t|Identification of protective B-cell epitopes within the novel malaria vaccine candidate P. falciparum Schizont Egress Antigen-1
28468980|a|Naturally -acquired antibodies to PfSEA-1A are associated with protection against severe malaria in children. Vaccination of mice with PbSEA-1A decreases parasitemia and prolongs survival following Plasmodium berghei ANKA challenge. To enhance the immunogenicity of PfSEA-1A, we identified five linear, B-cell epitopes using peptide microarrays probed with anti-sera from rPfSEA-1A - vaccinated non-human primates. We evaluated the relationship between epitope -specific antibody levels and protection from parasitemia in a longitudinal treatment - reinfection cohort in Western Kenya. Antibodies to three epitopes were associated with 16-17% decreased parasitemia over an 18- week high transmission season. We are currently designing immunogens to enhance antibody responses to these three epitopes.
28468980	29	44	B-cell epitopes	T129	C0282581
28468980	62	77	malaria vaccine	T121,T129	C0206255
28468980	88	127	P. falciparum Schizont Egress Antigen-1	T116,T129	C3849939
28468980	128	137	Naturally	T169	C0205296
28468980	148	158	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28468980	162	170	PfSEA-1A	T116,T129	C3849939
28468980	217	224	malaria	T047	C0024530
28468980	228	236	children	T100	C0008059
28468980	238	249	Vaccination	T061	C0042196
28468980	253	257	mice	T015	C0025929
28468980	263	271	PbSEA-1A	T129	C4040232
28468980	282	293	parasitemia	T047	C0242723
28468980	326	349	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	T204	C0032149
28468980	376	390	immunogenicity	T038	C4277607
28468980	394	402	PfSEA-1A	T116,T129	C3849939
28468980	431	446	B-cell epitopes	T129	C0282581
28468980	453	460	peptide	T116	C0030956
28468980	461	472	microarrays	T075	C1136348
28468980	485	494	anti-sera	T116,T121,T129	C0020960
28468980	500	509	rPfSEA-1A	T116,T129	C3849939
28468980	512	522	vaccinated	T033	C1519885
28468980	533	541	primates	T015	C0033147
28468980	546	555	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28468980	581	588	epitope	T129	C0003316
28468980	599	607	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28468980	635	646	parasitemia	T047	C0242723
28468980	665	674	treatment	T061	C0087111
28468980	677	688	reinfection	T169	C0205339
28468980	689	695	cohort	T098	C0599755
28468980	699	712	Western Kenya	T083	C0022558
28468980	714	724	Antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28468980	734	742	epitopes	T129	C0003316
28468980	781	792	parasitemia	T047	C0242723
28468980	805	809	week	T079	C0439230
28468980	815	827	transmission	T070	C1521797
28468980	863	873	immunogens	T116,T121,T129	C0042213
28468980	885	903	antibody responses	T038	C0003261
28468980	919	927	epitopes	T129	C0003316

28469263|t|Estrogen deficiency accelerates lumbar facet joints arthritis
28469263|a|Dramatic increase in the prevalence of lumbar facet joint (LFJ) arthritis in women around the age of menopause indicates a protective role for estrogen in LFJ arthritis. To date, there is no evidence for this indication and the mechanism of such an effect remains poorly understood. In this study, ovariectomized (OVX) mice were used to mimic the estrogen - deficient status of post-menopausal women. Micro-CT and immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the morphological and molecular changes in ovariectomy - induced LFJ arthritis. The results show that the LFJ subchondral bone mass was significantly decreased in OVX mice, with increased cavities on the interface of the subchondral bone. Severe cartilage degradation was observed in ovariectomy - induced LFJ arthritis. Increased blood vessels and innervations were also found in degenerated LFJ, particularly in the subchondral bone area. 17β-Estradiol treatment efficiently suppressed LFJ subchondral bone turnover, markedly inhibited cartilage degradation, and increased blood vessel and nerve ending growth in degenerated LFJ in OVX mice. Our study reveals that estrogen is a key factor in regulating LFJ metabolism. Severe LFJ degeneration occurs when estrogen is absent in vivo. Collapsed subchondral bone may be the initiation of this process, and estrogen replacement therapy can effectively prevent degeneration of LFJ under estrogen - deficient conditions.
28469263	0	8	Estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28469263	9	19	deficiency	T169	C0011155
28469263	20	31	accelerates	T169	C0521110
28469263	32	51	lumbar facet joints	T030	C0507372
28469263	52	61	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28469263	71	79	increase	T169	C0442805
28469263	87	97	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28469263	101	119	lumbar facet joint	T030	C0507372
28469263	121	124	LFJ	T030	C0507372
28469263	126	135	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28469263	139	144	women	T098	C0043210
28469263	156	159	age	T032	C0001779
28469263	163	172	menopause	T039	C0025320
28469263	185	200	protective role	T078	C0086939
28469263	205	213	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28469263	217	220	LFJ	T030	C0507372
28469263	221	230	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28469263	250	261	no evidence	T080	C0332125
28469263	271	281	indication	T078	C3146298
28469263	290	299	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28469263	311	317	effect	T080	C1280500
28469263	353	358	study	T062	C2603343
28469263	360	385	ovariectomized (OVX) mice	T015	C0025929
28469263	409	417	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28469263	420	429	deficient	T169	C0011155
28469263	430	436	status	T080	C0449438
28469263	440	455	post-menopausal	T040	C0206159
28469263	456	461	women	T098	C0043210
28469263	463	471	Micro-CT	T060	C2350281
28469263	476	496	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28469263	513	519	assess	T058	C0184514
28469263	524	537	morphological	T082	C0543482
28469263	542	551	molecular	T080	C1521991
28469263	552	559	changes	T169	C0392747
28469263	563	574	ovariectomy	T061	C0029936
28469263	577	584	induced	T169	C0205263
28469263	585	588	LFJ	T030	C0507372
28469263	589	598	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28469263	604	611	results	T169	C1274040
28469263	626	629	LFJ	T030	C0507372
28469263	630	651	subchondral bone mass	T201	C0005938
28469263	670	679	decreased	T081	C0205216
28469263	683	691	OVX mice	T015	C0025929
28469263	698	707	increased	T081	C0205217
28469263	708	716	cavities	T030	C0229984
28469263	724	733	interface	T082	C1254362
28469263	741	757	subchondral bone	T023	C0262950
28469263	759	765	Severe	T080	C0205082
28469263	766	775	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28469263	776	787	degradation	T169	C0243125
28469263	804	815	ovariectomy	T061	C0029936
28469263	818	825	induced	T169	C0205263
28469263	826	829	LFJ	T030	C0507372
28469263	830	839	arthritis	T047	C0003864
28469263	841	850	Increased	T081	C0205217
28469263	851	864	blood vessels	T023	C0005847
28469263	869	881	innervations	T080	C1619351
28469263	901	912	degenerated	T046	C0011164
28469263	913	916	LFJ	T030	C0507372
28469263	938	954	subchondral bone	T023	C0262950
28469263	955	959	area	T029	C0005898
28469263	961	974	17β-Estradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
28469263	975	984	treatment	T061	C0087111
28469263	997	1007	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28469263	1008	1011	LFJ	T030	C0507372
28469263	1012	1037	subchondral bone turnover	T033	C0231544
28469263	1048	1057	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28469263	1058	1067	cartilage	T024	C0007301
28469263	1068	1079	degradation	T169	C0243125
28469263	1085	1094	increased	T081	C0205217
28469263	1095	1107	blood vessel	T023	C0005847
28469263	1112	1124	nerve ending	T026	C0027747
28469263	1125	1131	growth	T040	C0018270
28469263	1135	1146	degenerated	T046	C0011164
28469263	1147	1150	LFJ	T030	C0507372
28469263	1154	1162	OVX mice	T015	C0025929
28469263	1168	1173	study	T062	C2603343
28469263	1187	1195	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28469263	1205	1211	factor	T169	C1521761
28469263	1215	1240	regulating LFJ metabolism	T169	C0518894
28469263	1242	1248	Severe	T080	C0205082
28469263	1249	1252	LFJ	T030	C0507372
28469263	1253	1265	degeneration	T046	C0011164
28469263	1278	1286	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28469263	1290	1296	absent	T169	C0332197
28469263	1297	1304	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28469263	1306	1315	Collapsed	T169	C0392748
28469263	1316	1332	subchondral bone	T023	C0262950
28469263	1344	1354	initiation	T169	C1704686
28469263	1363	1370	process	T067	C1522240
28469263	1376	1404	estrogen replacement therapy	T061	C0014935
28469263	1429	1441	degeneration	T046	C0011164
28469263	1445	1448	LFJ	T030	C0507372
28469263	1455	1463	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28469263	1466	1475	deficient	T169	C0011155
28469263	1476	1486	conditions	T080	C0348080

28469422|t|Seroprevalence of Asymptomatic Dengue Virus Infection and Its Antibodies Among Healthy / Eligible Saudi Blood Donors: Findings From Holy Makkah City
28469422|a|Threat to blood transfusion - transmitted dengue virus (DENV) and its antibodies has recently emerged worldwide. Dengue fever is an endemic disease in Saudi Arabia, particularly in its Western region. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of asymptomatic DENV infection and its antibodies among eligible Saudi blood donors. Serum samples from 910 healthy / eligible adult male Saudi blood donors, who reside in Holy Makkah City of Saudi Arabia, were collected between March 2015 and August 2016 and screened for the detection of DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen and anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Panbio, Brisbane, QLD, Australia). Among the tested donors, 48 (5.3%) were seropositive for DENV-NS1 antigen, whereas 50 (5.5%) and 354 (38.9%) were seropositive for anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies, respectively. Seropositivity for DENV-NS1 antigen and/or anti-DENV IgM antibody among the tested donors reflects their ongoing asymptomatic viremic infectious stage with DENV during their donation time, whereas high prevalence of anti-DENV IgG seropositivity reflects the high endemicity of dengue disease in this region of Saudi Arabia. These results show high prevalence of asymptomatic DENV infection and its antibodies among Saudi blood donors, raising the importance of establishing blood screening for dengue disease at different blood donation services and units in Saudi Arabia to improve the guarantee of blood transfusions and to control DENV dissemination.
28469422	0	14	Seroprevalence	T062	C0600367
28469422	18	30	Asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28469422	31	43	Dengue Virus	T005	C0011315
28469422	44	53	Infection	T047	C0042769
28469422	62	72	Antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28469422	79	86	Healthy	T080	C3898900
28469422	89	97	Eligible	T080	C1548635
28469422	98	103	Saudi	T083	C0036243
28469422	104	116	Blood Donors	T098	C0005795
28469422	132	148	Holy Makkah City	UnknownType	C0681784
28469422	149	155	Threat	T078	C0749385
28469422	159	176	blood transfusion	T061	C0005841
28469422	179	190	transmitted	T046	C0242781
28469422	191	203	dengue virus	T005	C0011315
28469422	205	209	DENV	T005	C0011315
28469422	219	229	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28469422	262	274	Dengue fever	T047	C0011311
28469422	281	296	endemic disease	T047	C0277550
28469422	300	312	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
28469422	334	348	Western region	UnknownType	C0681784
28469422	379	387	estimate	T081	C0750572
28469422	392	406	seroprevalence	T062	C0600367
28469422	410	422	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28469422	423	427	DENV	T005	C0011315
28469422	428	437	infection	T047	C0042769
28469422	446	456	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28469422	463	471	eligible	T080	C1548635
28469422	472	477	Saudi	T083	C0036243
28469422	478	490	blood donors	T098	C0005795
28469422	492	505	Serum samples	T031	C1550100
28469422	515	522	healthy	T080	C3898900
28469422	525	533	eligible	T080	C1548635
28469422	534	539	adult	T100	C0001675
28469422	540	544	male	T032	C0086582
28469422	545	550	Saudi	T083	C0036243
28469422	551	563	blood donors	T098	C0005795
28469422	579	595	Holy Makkah City	UnknownType	C0681784
28469422	599	611	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
28469422	684	693	detection	T061	C1511790
28469422	697	739	DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen	T116,T129	C3869773
28469422	744	757	anti-DENV IgM	T116,T129	C0003241
28469422	762	776	IgG antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28469422	794	832	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits	T059	C0014441
28469422	857	866	Australia	T083	C0004340
28469422	879	892	tested donors	T098	C0005795
28469422	909	921	seropositive	T080	C0521143
28469422	926	942	DENV-NS1 antigen	T116,T129	C3869773
28469422	983	995	seropositive	T080	C0521143
28469422	1000	1013	anti-DENV IgM	T116,T129	C0003241
28469422	1018	1032	IgG antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28469422	1048	1062	Seropositivity	T080	C0521143
28469422	1067	1083	DENV-NS1 antigen	T116,T129	C3869773
28469422	1091	1113	anti-DENV IgM antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28469422	1124	1137	tested donors	T098	C0005795
28469422	1161	1173	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28469422	1174	1198	viremic infectious stage	T047	C0012634
28469422	1204	1208	DENV	T005	C0011315
28469422	1222	1230	donation	T058	C0005794
28469422	1231	1235	time	T079	C0040223
28469422	1245	1260	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
28469422	1264	1277	anti-DENV IgG	T116,T129	C0003241
28469422	1278	1292	seropositivity	T080	C0521143
28469422	1311	1321	endemicity	T047	C0277550
28469422	1325	1339	dengue disease	T047	C0011311
28469422	1358	1370	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
28469422	1391	1406	high prevalence	T081	C1512456
28469422	1410	1422	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28469422	1423	1427	DENV	T005	C0011315
28469422	1428	1437	infection	T047	C0042769
28469422	1446	1456	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28469422	1463	1468	Saudi	T083	C0036243
28469422	1469	1481	blood donors	T098	C0005795
28469422	1522	1537	blood screening	T059	C1511226
28469422	1542	1556	dengue disease	T047	C0011311
28469422	1570	1593	blood donation services	T058	C0005794
28469422	1607	1619	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
28469422	1648	1666	blood transfusions	T061	C0005841
28469422	1682	1686	DENV	T005	C0011315
28469422	1687	1700	dissemination	T080	C0332261

28469481|t|Simultaneous Bilateral Cataract Surgery in Outreach Surgical Camps
28469481|a|The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and visual outcomes of simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery (SBCS) with intraocular lens implantation performed in outreach surgical eye camps. The medical records of 47 consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral small-incision cataract surgery between January 2010 and December 2015 in outreach surgical camps in rural Cameroon were reviewed. The measures included postoperative visual outcomes and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Data from 94 eyes of 47 participants (30 men, 17 women; mean age: 60.93 ± 13.58 years, range: 45-80 years) were included in this study. The presented best visual acuity (VA) was less than 3/60 in 100% of the eyes. At the 4- week follow-up, 84.04% of the eyes showed increased VA of 1 line or more (P = .001). Of these, 71 (75.53%) achieved good VA (greater than 6/18). Intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in 19 (20.21%) eyes. The most serious intraoperative complication was a posterior capsule rupture and vitreous loss (2 patients, 2 eyes). The postoperative complications included a transient elevation in the intraocular pressure (6 eyes), chronic corneal oedema (5 eyes), iris capture (3 eyes), lens decentration (2 eyes), and hyphema (1 eye). No cases of postoperative endophthalmitis were recorded. Under the strict observation of endophthalmitis prophylaxis, SBCS is an option to reduce the cataract blindness backlog in rural areas of developing countries.
28469481	0	12	Simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28469481	13	22	Bilateral	T082	C0238767
28469481	23	39	Cataract Surgery	T061	C2939459
28469481	43	51	Outreach	T095	C0683805
28469481	52	66	Surgical Camps	T058	C0587668
28469481	71	74	aim	T078	C1947946
28469481	83	88	study	T062	C2603343
28469481	109	115	safety	T068	C0036043
28469481	120	126	visual	T169	C0234621
28469481	127	135	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28469481	139	151	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28469481	152	161	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28469481	162	178	cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
28469481	180	184	SBCS	T061	C2939459
28469481	191	220	intraocular lens implantation	T061	C0023311
28469481	234	242	outreach	T095	C0683805
28469481	243	261	surgical eye camps	T058	C0587668
28469481	267	282	medical records	T170	C0025102
28469481	301	309	patients	T101	C0030705
28469481	324	336	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28469481	337	346	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28469481	347	361	small-incision	T061	C1293726
28469481	362	378	cataract surgery	T061	C2939459
28469481	387	394	January	T080	C3829466
28469481	404	412	December	T080	C3830550
28469481	421	429	outreach	T095	C0683805
28469481	430	444	surgical camps	T058	C0587668
28469481	448	453	rural	T082	C0178837
28469481	454	462	Cameroon	T083	C0006802
28469481	468	476	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28469481	482	490	measures	T081	C0086749
28469481	500	513	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28469481	514	520	visual	T169	C0234621
28469481	521	529	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28469481	534	548	intraoperative	T046	C0021890
28469481	553	580	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
28469481	582	586	Data	T078	C1511726
28469481	595	599	eyes	T023	C0015392
28469481	606	618	participants	T098	C1997894
28469481	623	626	men	T098	C0025266
28469481	631	636	women	T098	C0043210
28469481	662	667	years	T079	C1510829
28469481	682	687	years	T079	C1510829
28469481	711	716	study	T062	C2603343
28469481	732	736	best	T080	C1522427
28469481	737	750	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
28469481	752	754	VA	T201	C0042812
28469481	790	794	eyes	T023	C0015392
28469481	806	810	week	T079	C0439230
28469481	811	820	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28469481	836	840	eyes	T023	C0015392
28469481	848	857	increased	T169	C0442805
28469481	858	860	VA	T201	C0042812
28469481	927	929	VA	T201	C0042812
28469481	951	965	Intraoperative	T046	C0021890
28469481	969	996	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
28469481	997	1005	occurred	T079	C2745955
28469481	1021	1025	eyes	T023	C0015392
28469481	1036	1043	serious	T080	C0205404
28469481	1044	1071	intraoperative complication	T046	C0021890
28469481	1078	1103	posterior capsule rupture	T037	C1535895
28469481	1108	1121	vitreous loss	T047	C1398740
28469481	1125	1133	patients	T101	C0030705
28469481	1137	1141	eyes	T023	C0015392
28469481	1148	1175	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
28469481	1187	1234	transient elevation in the intraocular pressure	T033	C0234708
28469481	1238	1242	eyes	T023	C0015392
28469481	1245	1252	chronic	T047	C0008679
28469481	1253	1267	corneal oedema	T047	C0010037
28469481	1271	1275	eyes	T023	C0015392
28469481	1278	1290	iris capture	T047	C0022078
28469481	1294	1298	eyes	T023	C0015392
28469481	1301	1318	lens decentration	T060	C1964257
28469481	1322	1326	eyes	T023	C0015392
28469481	1333	1340	hyphema	UnknownType	C0743690
28469481	1344	1347	eye	T023	C0015392
28469481	1362	1391	postoperative endophthalmitis	T047	C1282227
28469481	1439	1454	endophthalmitis	T047	C0014236
28469481	1455	1466	prophylaxis	T061	C0199176
28469481	1468	1472	SBCS	T061	C2939459
28469481	1489	1495	reduce	T081	C0547047
28469481	1500	1508	cataract	T020	C0086543
28469481	1509	1518	blindness	T033	C0456909
28469481	1530	1541	rural areas	T082	C0178837
28469481	1545	1565	developing countries	T080	C0011750

28469632|t|Interplant Aboveground Signaling Prompts Upregulation of Auxin Promoter and Malate Transporter as Part of Defensive Response in the Neighboring Plants
28469632|a|When disrupted by stimuli such as herbivory, pathogenic infection, or mechanical wounding, plants secrete signals such as root exudates and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The emission of VOCs induces a response in the neighboring plant communities and can improve plant fitness by alerting nearby plants of an impending threat and prompting them to alter their physiology for defensive purposes. In this study, we investigated the role of plant -derived signals, released as a result of mechanical wounding, that may play a role in intraspecific communication between Arabidopsis thaliana communities. Plant -derived signals released by the wounded plant resulted in more elaborate root development in the neighboring, unwounded plants. Such plant -derived signals also upregulated the Aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT1) responsible for the secretion of malic acid (MA) and the DR5 promoter, an auxin responsive promoter concentrated in root apex of the neighboring plants. We speculate that plant -derived signal - induced upregulation of root -specific ALMT1 in the undamaged neighboring plants sharing the environment with stressed plants may associate more with the benign microbes belowground. We also observed increased association of beneficial bacterium Bacillus subtilis UD1022 on roots of the neighboring plants sharing environment with the damaged plants. Wounding-induced plant -derived signals therefore induce defense mechanisms in the undamaged, local plants, eliciting a two-pronged preemptive response of more rapid root growth and up-regulation of ALMT1, resulting in increased association with beneficial microbiome.
28469632	0	40	Interplant Aboveground Signaling Prompts	T070	C1254365
28469632	11	22	Aboveground	T082	C1254362
28469632	41	53	Upregulation	T044	C0041904
28469632	57	62	Auxin	T109,T123	C0004409
28469632	63	71	Promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28469632	76	82	Malate	T109,T123,T130	C0220873
28469632	83	94	Transporter	T044	C1153570
28469632	106	124	Defensive Response	T040	C1154988
28469632	132	143	Neighboring	T082	C0205107
28469632	144	150	Plants	T002	C0032098
28469632	156	165	disrupted	T080	C0332454
28469632	169	176	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28469632	185	194	herbivory	T008	C0562691
28469632	196	216	pathogenic infection	T046	C3714514
28469632	221	240	mechanical wounding	T037	C0178314
28469632	242	248	plants	T002	C0032098
28469632	249	256	secrete	T038	C0036536
28469632	257	264	signals	T067	C1710082
28469632	273	277	root	T002	C0242726
28469632	278	286	exudates	T167	C1720935
28469632	291	317	volatile organic compounds	T109	C2350439
28469632	319	323	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28469632	342	346	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28469632	357	365	response	T032	C0871261
28469632	373	384	neighboring	T082	C0205107
28469632	385	390	plant	T002	C0032098
28469632	391	402	communities	T096	C0009462
28469632	419	424	plant	T002	C0032098
28469632	419	432	plant fitness	T033	C0243095
28469632	445	451	nearby	T080	C1706276
28469632	452	458	plants	T002	C0032098
28469632	465	481	impending threat	T078	C0749385
28469632	486	495	prompting	T169	C0871157
28469632	516	526	physiology	T039	C0031843
28469632	531	549	defensive purposes	T040	C1328750
28469632	569	581	investigated	T169	C1292732
28469632	594	599	plant	T002	C0032098
28469632	594	616	plant -derived signals	T067	C1710082
28469632	618	626	released	T169	C0391871
28469632	642	661	mechanical wounding	T037	C0178314
28469632	687	714	intraspecific communication	T169	C0205245
28469632	723	743	Arabidopsis thaliana	T002	C0162740
28469632	744	755	communities	T096	C0009462
28469632	757	762	Plant	T002	C0032098
28469632	757	779	Plant -derived signals	T067	C1710082
28469632	780	788	released	T169	C0391871
28469632	796	803	wounded	T033	C0332797
28469632	804	809	plant	T002	C0032098
28469632	837	853	root development	T040	C1524120
28469632	861	872	neighboring	T082	C0205107
28469632	874	890	unwounded plants	T002	C0032098
28469632	897	902	plant	T002	C0032098
28469632	897	919	plant -derived signals	T067	C1710082
28469632	925	936	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28469632	941	978	Aluminum-activated malate transporter	T116,T123	C1570084
28469632	980	985	ALMT1	T116,T123	C1570084
28469632	1007	1016	secretion	T038	C0036536
28469632	1020	1030	malic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0065583
28469632	1032	1034	MA	T109,T121,T123	C0065583
28469632	1044	1056	DR5 promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28469632	1061	1086	auxin responsive promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28469632	1103	1107	root	T002	C0242726
28469632	1108	1112	apex	T080	C1522410
28469632	1120	1131	neighboring	T082	C0205107
28469632	1132	1138	plants	T002	C0032098
28469632	1158	1163	plant	T002	C0032098
28469632	1158	1179	plant -derived signal	T067	C1710082
28469632	1182	1189	induced	T169	C0205263
28469632	1190	1202	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28469632	1206	1210	root	T002	C0242726
28469632	1206	1226	root -specific ALMT1	T116,T123	C1570084
28469632	1244	1255	neighboring	T082	C0205107
28469632	1256	1262	plants	T002	C0032098
28469632	1275	1286	environment	T082	C0014406
28469632	1292	1300	stressed	T033	C0038435
28469632	1301	1307	plants	T002	C0032098
28469632	1312	1321	associate	T078	C0750490
28469632	1336	1342	benign	T080	C0205183
28469632	1343	1351	microbes	T001	C0445623
28469632	1352	1363	belowground	T082	C1254362
28469632	1382	1391	increased	T081	C0205217
28469632	1392	1403	association	T080	C0439849
28469632	1418	1427	bacterium	T007	C0004611
28469632	1428	1452	Bacillus subtilis UD1022	T007	C0004595
28469632	1456	1461	roots	T002	C0242726
28469632	1469	1480	neighboring	T082	C0205107
28469632	1481	1487	plants	T002	C0032098
28469632	1496	1507	environment	T082	C0014406
28469632	1517	1531	damaged plants	T002	C0032098
28469632	1533	1572	Wounding-induced plant -derived signals	T067	C1710082
28469632	1550	1555	plant	T002	C0032098
28469632	1583	1589	induce	T169	C0205263
28469632	1590	1608	defense mechanisms	T070	C1254365
28469632	1616	1625	undamaged	T033	C0243095
28469632	1627	1639	local plants	T002	C0032098
28469632	1653	1684	two-pronged preemptive response	T032	C0871261
28469632	1699	1703	root	T002	C0242726
28469632	1704	1710	growth	T067	C2911660
28469632	1715	1728	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
28469632	1732	1737	ALMT1	T116,T123	C1570084
28469632	1752	1761	increased	T081	C0205217
28469632	1762	1773	association	T080	C0439849
28469632	1790	1800	microbiome	T001	C1956108

28469721|t|Vitamin D deficiency and interleukin-17 relationship in severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome
28469721|a|We aimed to assess Vitamin D (VD) abnormalities in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), to study its association with clinical and polygraphic data, and to correlate VD levels with interleukin-17 (IL-17). Ninety-two patients with severe OSAHS were consecutively enrolled between September 2014 and February 2016 and compared to age -, sex -, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Anthropometric parameters and medical history were collected. The serum levels of VD and IL-17 were determined by radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Ninety-two severe OSAHS patients and thirty controls were enrolled in the study. All OSAHS patients had VD deficiency. The mean level of VD was at 7.9 ng/ml among OSAHS group versus 16.8 ng/ml among control group. IL-17A levels were elevated (20.3 pg/ml) in OSAHS group compared to healthy group (10.05 pg/ml). VD levels were negatively correlated with nocturia severity (r = -0.26; P = 0.01) and positively correlated with mean O2 saturation (r = 0.59; P = 0.02) and lowest O2 saturation (r = 0.3; P = 0.03). IL-17 levels were positively correlated with nocturia severity (r = 0.24; P = 0.03) and negatively correlated with mean O2 saturation (r = -0.42; P = 0.03). A significant negative association was observed between IL-7 and VD levels (r = -0.64, P = 0.2 10(-4)). The magnitude of this correlation was higher for important nocturia, lower MSaO2, or higher BMI. VD deficiency in patients with severe OSAHS is common with a negative association between IL-17 and VD serum levels. Hypoxia could play an important role in this association. Further studies are needed to clarify this relationship.
28469721	0	20	Vitamin D deficiency	T047	C0042870
28469721	25	39	interleukin-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28469721	40	52	relationship	T080	C0439849
28469721	56	62	severe	T080	C0205082
28469721	63	104	obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome	T047	C4285910
28469721	124	133	Vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28469721	135	137	VD	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28469721	139	152	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28469721	156	164	patients	T101	C0030705
28469721	170	176	severe	T080	C0205082
28469721	177	218	obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome	T047	C4285910
28469721	220	225	OSAHS	T047	C4285910
28469721	231	236	study	T062	C2603343
28469721	241	252	association	T080	C0439849
28469721	258	266	clinical	T170	C1516606
28469721	271	287	polygraphic data	T078	C1511726
28469721	296	305	correlate	T080	C1707520
28469721	306	315	VD levels	T059	C0919758
28469721	321	335	interleukin-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28469721	337	342	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28469721	356	364	patients	T101	C0030705
28469721	370	376	severe	T080	C0205082
28469721	377	382	OSAHS	T047	C4285910
28469721	419	428	September	T079	C3828193
28469721	438	446	February	T080	C3830166
28469721	468	471	age	T032	C0001779
28469721	475	478	sex	T032	C0079399
28469721	486	501	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28469721	503	506	BMI	T201	C1305855
28469721	516	524	controls	T096	C0009932
28469721	526	551	Anthropometric parameters	T170	C2598146
28469721	556	571	medical history	T033	C0262926
28469721	592	610	serum levels of VD	T059	C0428586
28469721	615	620	IL-17	T059	C2697765
28469721	640	656	radioimmunoassay	T059	C0034580
28469721	661	694	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	T059	C0014441
28469721	721	727	severe	T080	C0205082
28469721	728	733	OSAHS	T047	C4285910
28469721	734	742	patients	T101	C0030705
28469721	754	762	controls	T096	C0009932
28469721	784	789	study	T062	C2603343
28469721	795	800	OSAHS	T047	C4285910
28469721	801	809	patients	T101	C0030705
28469721	814	827	VD deficiency	T047	C0042870
28469721	833	837	mean	T081	C0444504
28469721	838	849	level of VD	T059	C0919758
28469721	873	878	OSAHS	T047	C4285910
28469721	879	884	group	T098	C1257890
28469721	909	922	control group	T096	C0009932
28469721	924	937	IL-17A levels	T059	C2697765
28469721	943	951	elevated	T080	C3163633
28469721	968	973	OSAHS	T047	C4285910
28469721	974	979	group	T098	C1257890
28469721	992	1005	healthy group	T098	C1257890
28469721	1021	1030	VD levels	T059	C0919758
28469721	1036	1046	negatively	T033	C1513916
28469721	1063	1071	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28469721	1072	1080	severity	T080	C0392364
28469721	1107	1117	positively	T033	C1514241
28469721	1134	1138	mean	T081	C0444504
28469721	1139	1152	O2 saturation	T059	C0523807
28469721	1178	1184	lowest	T080	C1708760
28469721	1185	1198	O2 saturation	T059	C0523807
28469721	1220	1232	IL-17 levels	T059	C2697765
28469721	1238	1248	positively	T033	C1514241
28469721	1265	1273	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28469721	1274	1282	severity	T080	C0392364
28469721	1308	1318	negatively	T033	C1513916
28469721	1335	1339	mean	T081	C0444504
28469721	1340	1353	O2 saturation	T059	C0523807
28469721	1391	1411	negative association	T033	C1513916
28469721	1433	1437	IL-7	T059	C2697765
28469721	1442	1451	VD levels	T059	C0919758
28469721	1485	1494	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28469721	1503	1514	correlation	T080	C1707520
28469721	1540	1548	nocturia	T047	C0028734
28469721	1556	1561	MSaO2	T059	C0428175
28469721	1573	1576	BMI	T201	C1305855
28469721	1578	1591	VD deficiency	T047	C0042870
28469721	1595	1603	patients	T101	C0030705
28469721	1609	1615	severe	T080	C0205082
28469721	1616	1621	OSAHS	T047	C4285910
28469721	1639	1659	negative association	T033	C1513916
28469721	1668	1673	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28469721	1678	1693	VD serum levels	T059	C0428586
28469721	1695	1702	Hypoxia	T046	C0242184
28469721	1727	1731	role	T077	C1705810
28469721	1740	1751	association	T080	C0439849
28469721	1761	1768	studies	T062	C2603343
28469721	1796	1808	relationship	T080	C0439849

28469905|t|SWITCH: Al Wakra Hospital Journey to 90% Hand Hygiene Practice Compliance, 2011 - 2015
28469905|a|Hand Hygiene is the cheapest and simplest way to prevent the spread of infection, however international compliance is below than 40% (WHO, 2009). In the experience of Al Wakra Hospital, the improvement in hand hygiene compliance highlighted not just interventions towards training and education but also behavioral motivation and physical allocations of hand hygiene appliances and equipment. Through motivating the behavioral, emotional, physical and intellectual dimensions of the different healthcare worker professions, hand hygiene compliance has increased from 60.78% in 2011 to 94.14% by the end of December 2015. It took 25 months of continuous and collaborative work with different healthcare workers to reach the 90% hand hygiene target. " Together, we have reached our goals and together we fight against infections ! Because we always strive for excellence in everything we do - that is our vision here in Al Wakra Hospital ."
28469905	8	25	Al Wakra Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28469905	26	33	Journey	T058	C0028900
28469905	41	53	Hand Hygiene	T055	C3494474
28469905	54	62	Practice	T041	C0237607
28469905	63	73	Compliance	T055	C1321605
28469905	87	99	Hand Hygiene	T055	C3494474
28469905	107	115	cheapest	T080	C0205556
28469905	120	128	simplest	T080	C0205352
28469905	136	167	prevent the spread of infection	T061	C0558249
28469905	177	201	international compliance	T170	C0282574
28469905	221	224	WHO	T093	C0043237
28469905	240	250	experience	T080	C0870520
28469905	254	271	Al Wakra Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28469905	277	288	improvement	T077	C2986411
28469905	292	304	hand hygiene	T055	C3494474
28469905	305	315	compliance	T055	C1321605
28469905	337	350	interventions	T058	C1273869
28469905	359	381	training and education	T065	C0582584
28469905	391	401	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28469905	402	412	motivation	T041	C0026605
28469905	417	425	physical	T169	C0205485
28469905	426	437	allocations	T052	C1706778
28469905	441	453	hand hygiene	T055	C3494474
28469905	454	464	appliances	T073	C0243112
28469905	469	478	equipment	T073	C0014672
28469905	480	487	Through	T169	C0332273
28469905	488	498	motivating	T061	C0557964
28469905	503	513	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28469905	515	524	emotional	T041	C0013987
28469905	526	534	physical	T169	C0205485
28469905	539	562	intellectual dimensions	T041	C0589510
28469905	580	610	healthcare worker professions,	T091	C0018722
28469905	611	623	hand hygiene	T055	C3494474
28469905	624	634	compliance	T055	C1321605
28469905	639	648	increased	T081	C0205217
28469905	729	739	continuous	T078	C0549178
28469905	744	757	collaborative	T054	C0282116
28469905	758	762	work	T057	C0043227
28469905	778	796	healthcare workers	T097	C0018724
28469905	800	805	reach	T033	C0560521
28469905	814	826	hand hygiene	T055	C3494474
28469905	827	833	target	T169	C1521840
28469905	837	845	Together	T080	C1883357
28469905	855	862	reached	T033	C0560521
28469905	867	872	goals	T170	C0018017
28469905	877	885	together	T080	C1883357
28469905	889	894	fight	T040	C1154988
28469905	895	902	against	T080	C0521124
28469905	903	913	infections	T047	C0009450
28469905	945	955	excellence	T080	C1961136
28469905	990	996	vision	T093	C4085584
28469905	1005	1022	Al Wakra Hospital	T073,T093	C0019994

28469987|t|Efficacy of a multi-component psychosocial intervention program for caregivers of persons living with neurocognitive disorders, Alexandria, Egypt: A randomized controlled trial
28469987|a|Unlike other chronic diseases, dementia caregiving associated with enormous psychological burden, which stresses the need for caregivers -directed psychosocial interventions. Aim: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to evaluate the short-term efficacy of a multi-component psychosocial intervention program for informal caregivers of persons with neurocognitive disorders in Alexandria, Egypt. Informal caregivers (120) were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group (60) participated in a multi-component program of 8 sessions, including psycho-education, group cognitive-behavioral therapy, and group social support. Program primary outcomes were assessed after program termination (post-1), and three months later (post-2). Measured outcomes included caregivers ' knowledge, depression and anxiety symptoms, and perceived burden. Caregivers ' depression, anxiety, and perceived burden demonstrated significant drop at post-1, and post-2 compared to the control group (P< 0.001). The intervention group showed significant negative absolute change on depression, anxiety, and perceived burden measures, while on the dementia -related knowledge measure, a significant positive absolute change was found at post-1, and post-2 (P< 0.001), in comparison to controls. All outcome measures recorded a large effect size; the highest was for knowledge (partial eta2 = 0.98), and the least was for perceived burden (partial eta2 = 0.71). A multi-component psychosocial intervention for caregivers of persons with neurocognitive disorders demonstrated a short-term efficacy in reducing their burden, depression, and anxiety, as well as improving caregivers ' knowledge. However, further research is needed to investigate long-term efficacy of the intervention.
28469987	0	8	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28469987	14	55	multi-component psychosocial intervention	T061	C0454041
28469987	56	63	program	T061	C0599917
28469987	68	78	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28469987	82	89	persons	T098	C0027361
28469987	90	96	living	T078	C0376558
28469987	102	126	neurocognitive disorders	T048	C4041080
28469987	128	138	Alexandria	T083	C3831574
28469987	140	145	Egypt	T083	C0013715
28469987	149	176	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28469987	190	206	chronic diseases	T047	C0008679
28469987	208	216	dementia	T048	C0497327
28469987	217	227	caregiving	T054	C1328742
28469987	228	243	associated with	T080	C0332281
28469987	253	266	psychological	T169	C0205486
28469987	267	273	burden	T078	C2828008
28469987	303	313	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28469987	324	350	psychosocial interventions	T061	C0454041
28469987	362	389	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28469987	391	394	RCT	T062	C0206035
28469987	413	421	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28469987	426	436	short-term	T079	C0443303
28469987	437	445	efficacy	T080	C0087113
28469987	451	492	multi-component psychosocial intervention	T061	C0454041
28469987	493	500	program	T061	C0599917
28469987	514	524	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28469987	528	535	persons	T098	C0027361
28469987	541	565	neurocognitive disorders	T048	C4041080
28469987	569	579	Alexandria	T083	C3831574
28469987	581	586	Egypt	T083	C0013715
28469987	597	607	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28469987	628	636	assigned	T169	C1516050
28469987	642	654	intervention	T098	C2986530
28469987	659	673	control groups	T096	C0009932
28469987	679	697	intervention group	T098	C2986530
28469987	721	744	multi-component program	T169	C3484370
28469987	750	758	sessions	T051	C1883016
28469987	770	786	psycho-education	T065	C0871175
28469987	794	822	cognitive-behavioral therapy	T061	C0009244
28469987	834	848	social support	T054	C0037438
28469987	880	888	assessed	T052	C1516048
28469987	958	975	Measured outcomes	T081	C0086749
28469987	985	995	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28469987	998	1007	knowledge	T033	C1948177
28469987	1009	1019	depression	T184	C1579931
28469987	1024	1041	anxiety symptoms,	T033	C0860603
28469987	1046	1062	perceived burden	T033	C1821827
28469987	1064	1074	Caregivers	T097	C0085537
28469987	1077	1087	depression	T184	C1579931
28469987	1089	1096	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28469987	1102	1118	perceived burden	T033	C1821827
28469987	1132	1143	significant	T078	C0750502
28469987	1187	1200	control group	T096	C0009932
28469987	1217	1235	intervention group	T098	C2986530
28469987	1243	1254	significant	T078	C0750502
28469987	1255	1263	negative	T033	C0205160
28469987	1264	1279	absolute change	T078	C1549031
28469987	1283	1293	depression	T184	C1579931
28469987	1295	1302	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28469987	1308	1324	perceived burden	T033	C1821827
28469987	1325	1333	measures	T081	C0079809
28469987	1348	1356	dementia	T048	C0497327
28469987	1366	1375	knowledge	T033	C1948177
28469987	1387	1398	significant	T078	C0750502
28469987	1399	1407	positive	T033	C1446409
28469987	1408	1423	absolute change	T078	C1549031
28469987	1471	1481	comparison	T052	C1707455
28469987	1485	1493	controls	T080	C0243148
28469987	1499	1515	outcome measures	T081	C0086749
28469987	1533	1544	effect size	T081	C0814843
28469987	1566	1575	knowledge	T033	C1948177
28469987	1621	1637	perceived burden	T033	C1821827
28469987	1663	1704	multi-component psychosocial intervention	T061	C0454041
28469987	1709	1719	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28469987	1723	1730	persons	T098	C0027361
28469987	1736	1760	neurocognitive disorders	T048	C4041080
28469987	1776	1786	short-term	T079	C0443303
28469987	1787	1795	efficacy	T080	C0087113
28469987	1814	1820	burden	T078	C2828008
28469987	1822	1832	depression	T184	C1579931
28469987	1838	1845	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28469987	1858	1867	improving	T080	C1272745
28469987	1868	1878	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28469987	1881	1890	knowledge	T033	C1948177
28469987	1909	1917	research	T062	C0035168
28469987	1931	1942	investigate	T169	C1292732
28469987	1943	1952	long-term	T079	C0443252
28469987	1953	1961	efficacy	T080	C0087113
28469987	1969	1981	intervention	T061	C0184661

28470100|t|Dexmedetomidine Effect on Emergence Agitation and Delirium in Children Undergoing Laparoscopic Hernia Repair: a Preliminary Study
28470100|a|Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine (Dex) to prevent emergence agitation (EA) and delirium (ED) in children undergoing laparoscopic hernia repair under general anesthesia. Methods 100 children (1-5 years, 10-25 kg) were randomized into four groups: controls (saline) and intravenous Dex at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 µg/kg (D1, D2, D3, respectively). Dex / saline infusion was started following anesthesia. EA and ED were evaluated on a 5-point scale. Results For the C, D1, D2, and D3 groups, respectively, EA frequencies were 45.8%, 30.4%, 12%, 4%; ED frequencies 29.1%, 13%, 4%, 4%; CHIPPS scores 8, 6, 3, 3; sevoflurane doses from 13.2 ± 3.4 (controls) to 9.4 ± 3.5 ml (D3). Intervals until mask removal / spontaneous eye opening were significantly longer for D2 and D3 than controls. PACU stay was longer for D3. Conclusions There was significantly less postoperative EA and pain, with less sevoflurane required, using Dex.
28470100	0	15	Dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28470100	16	22	Effect	T080	C1280500
28470100	26	45	Emergence Agitation	T048	C0920253
28470100	50	58	Delirium	T048	C0011206
28470100	62	70	Children	T100	C0008059
28470100	82	108	Laparoscopic Hernia Repair	T061	C2111384
28470100	112	123	Preliminary	T079	C0439611
28470100	124	129	Study	T062	C2603343
28470100	156	162	safety	T080	C0678800
28470100	167	175	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28470100	179	194	dexmedetomidine	T109,T121	C0113293
28470100	196	199	Dex	T109,T121	C0113293
28470100	212	231	emergence agitation	T048	C0920253
28470100	233	235	EA	T048	C0920253
28470100	241	249	delirium	T048	C0011206
28470100	251	253	ED	T048	C0011206
28470100	258	266	children	T100	C0008059
28470100	278	304	laparoscopic hernia repair	T061	C2111384
28470100	311	329	general anesthesia	T061	C0002915
28470100	343	351	children	T100	C0008059
28470100	357	362	years	T079	C0439234
28470100	379	389	randomized	T062	C0034656
28470100	400	406	groups	T078	C0441833
28470100	408	416	controls	T096	C0009932
28470100	418	424	saline	T167	C0036082
28470100	430	441	intravenous	T082	C0348016
28470100	442	445	Dex	T109,T121	C0113293
28470100	475	477	D1	T081	C0178602
28470100	479	481	D2	T081	C0178602
28470100	483	485	D3	T081	C0178602
28470100	502	505	Dex	T109,T121	C0113293
28470100	508	514	saline	T167	C0036082
28470100	515	523	infusion	T061	C0574032
28470100	546	556	anesthesia	T121	C4049933
28470100	558	560	EA	T048	C0920253
28470100	565	567	ED	T048	C0011206
28470100	588	601	5-point scale	T170	C0282574
28470100	619	620	C	T096	C0009932
28470100	622	624	D1	T081	C0178602
28470100	626	628	D2	T081	C0178602
28470100	634	636	D3	T081	C0178602
28470100	637	643	groups	T078	C0441833
28470100	659	661	EA	T048	C0920253
28470100	662	673	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28470100	702	704	ED	T048	C0011206
28470100	705	716	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28470100	737	743	CHIPPS	T170	C1504479
28470100	744	750	scores	T081	C0449820
28470100	763	774	sevoflurane	T109,T121	C0074414
28470100	775	780	doses	T081	C0178602
28470100	798	806	controls	T096	C0009932
28470100	825	827	D3	T081	C0178602
28470100	830	839	Intervals	T079	C1272706
28470100	846	850	mask	T074	C0024861
28470100	851	858	removal	T052	C1883720
28470100	861	884	spontaneous eye opening	T082	C1882151
28470100	904	910	longer	T080	C0205166
28470100	915	917	D2	T081	C0178602
28470100	922	924	D3	T081	C0178602
28470100	930	938	controls	T096	C0009932
28470100	940	944	PACU	T073,T093	C0034871
28470100	945	949	stay	T079	C3489408
28470100	954	960	longer	T080	C0205166
28470100	965	967	D3	T081	C0178602
28470100	1010	1023	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28470100	1024	1026	EA	T048	C0920253
28470100	1031	1035	pain	T184	C0030201
28470100	1047	1058	sevoflurane	T109,T121	C0074414
28470100	1075	1078	Dex	T109,T121	C0113293

28470106|t|Associations of NEUROD2 polymorphisms and change of cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder after eight weeks of antipsychotic treatment
28470106|a|NEUROD2 is a neurospecific helix-loop-helix transcription factor which has an impact on the regulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic genes. We investigated an association of NEUROD2 with neurocognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients before and during treatment with different second-generation antipsychotics. Patients were genotyped for four different polymorphisms of the NEUROD2 gene ((rs9889354(A/G), rs1877032(C/T), rs12453682(C/T) and rs11078918(C/G)). Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and week 8. Results of individual neuropsychological tests were assigned to six cognitive domains (reaction time and quality; executive function; working, verbal and visual memory) and a general cognitive index. 167 patients were included in the study. The NEUROD2 exonic polymorphism rs11078918 showed significant associations with verbal memory and executive functions, whereas the NEUROD2 polymorphism rs12453682 was significantly associated with working and verbal memory, executive functions and with a cognitive index. Significant associations were found at baseline and after eight weeks. Moreover, significant associations between the change in neuropsychological test results during antipsychotic treatment and the NEUROD2 polymorphisms rs11078918 and rs12453682 were observed. Our findings suggest that the NEUROD2 gene could play a role in the pathophysiology of neurocognitive dysfunctions as well as in the change of cognitive symptoms under antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
28470106	16	23	NEUROD2	T028	C1417684
28470106	24	37	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28470106	42	48	change	T169	C0392747
28470106	52	74	cognitive dysfunctions	T048	C0338656
28470106	78	91	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28470106	96	120	schizoaffective disorder	T048	C0036337
28470106	133	138	weeks	T079	C0439230
28470106	142	155	antipsychotic	T121	C0040615
28470106	156	165	treatment	T061	C0087111
28470106	166	173	NEUROD2	T028	C1417684
28470106	179	209	neurospecific helix-loop-helix	T082	C0206678
28470106	210	230	transcription factor	T116,T123	C0040648
28470106	244	250	impact	T080	C4049986
28470106	258	268	regulation	T045	C0017263
28470106	272	285	glutamatergic	T116,T123	C0220839
28470106	290	299	GABAergic	T116,T123	C0016904
28470106	300	305	genes	T028	C0017337
28470106	310	322	investigated	T169	C1292732
28470106	341	348	NEUROD2	T028	C1417684
28470106	354	381	neurocognitive dysfunctions	T048	C0338656
28470106	385	398	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28470106	403	427	schizoaffective disorder	T048	C0036337
28470106	428	436	patients	T101	C0030705
28470106	455	464	treatment	T061	C0087111
28470106	480	512	second-generation antipsychotics	T121	C0040615
28470106	514	522	Patients	T101	C0030705
28470106	528	537	genotyped	T032	C0017431
28470106	557	570	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28470106	578	585	NEUROD2	T028	C1417684
28470106	586	590	gene	T028	C0017337
28470106	593	606	rs9889354(A/G	T045	C0678951
28470106	609	623	rs1877032(C/T)	T045	C0678951
28470106	625	640	rs12453682(C/T)	T045	C0678951
28470106	645	660	rs11078918(C/G)	T045	C0678951
28470106	663	681	Cognitive function	T041	C0392335
28470106	686	694	assessed	T052	C1516048
28470106	698	706	baseline	T081	C1442488
28470106	711	715	week	T079	C0439230
28470106	719	726	Results	T169	C1274040
28470106	741	765	neuropsychological tests	T060	C0027902
28470106	787	804	cognitive domains	T170	C4050130
28470106	805	819	(reaction time	T079	C0034746
28470106	824	831	quality	T080	C0332306
28470106	833	851	executive function	T041	C0935584
28470106	853	860	working	T078	C1563351
28470106	862	868	verbal	T041	C0561770
28470106	873	886	visual memory	T041	C0542316
28470106	902	911	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28470106	912	917	index	T170	C0918012
28470106	923	931	patients	T101	C0030705
28470106	953	958	study	T062	C2603343
28470106	964	971	NEUROD2	T028	C1417684
28470106	972	1002	exonic polymorphism rs11078918	T045	C0678951
28470106	1040	1053	verbal memory	T041	C0561770
28470106	1058	1077	executive functions	T041	C0935584
28470106	1091	1098	NEUROD2	T028	C1417684
28470106	1099	1122	polymorphism rs12453682	T045	C0678951
28470106	1157	1164	working	T078	C1563351
28470106	1169	1182	verbal memory	T041	C0561770
28470106	1184	1203	executive functions	T041	C0935584
28470106	1215	1224	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28470106	1225	1230	index	T170	C0918012
28470106	1271	1279	baseline	T081	C1442488
28470106	1296	1301	weeks	T079	C0439230
28470106	1350	1356	change	T169	C0392747
28470106	1360	1383	neuropsychological test	T060	C0027902
28470106	1384	1391	results	T169	C1274040
28470106	1399	1412	antipsychotic	T121	C0040615
28470106	1413	1422	treatment	T061	C0087111
28470106	1431	1438	NEUROD2	T028	C1417684
28470106	1439	1452	polymorphisms	T045	C0678951
28470106	1453	1463	rs11078918	T045	C0678951
28470106	1468	1478	rs12453682	T045	C0678951
28470106	1524	1536	NEUROD2 gene	T028	C1417684
28470106	1562	1577	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28470106	1581	1608	neurocognitive dysfunctions	T048	C0338656
28470106	1627	1633	change	T169	C0392747
28470106	1637	1655	cognitive symptoms	T184	C0525041
28470106	1662	1675	antipsychotic	T121	C0040615
28470106	1676	1685	treatment	T061	C0087111
28470106	1689	1702	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28470106	1707	1731	schizoaffective disorder	T048	C0036337

28470421|t|How should the optical tweezers experiment be used to characterize the red blood cell membrane mechanics?
28470421|a|Stretching red blood cells using optical tweezers is a way to characterize the mechanical properties of their membrane by measuring the size of the cell in the direction of the stretching (axial diameter) and perpendicularly (transverse diameter). Recently, such data have been used in numerous publications to validate solvers dedicated to the computation of red blood cell dynamics under flow. In the present study, different mechanical models are used to simulate the stretching of red blood cells by optical tweezers. Results first show that the mechanical moduli of the membranes have to be adjusted as a function of the model used. In addition, by assessing the area dilation of the cells, the axial and transverse diameters measured in optical tweezers experiments are found to be insufficient to discriminate between models relevant to red blood cells or not. At last, it is shown that other quantities such as the height or the profile of the cell should be preferred for validation purposes since they are more sensitive to the membrane model.
28470421	15	42	optical tweezers experiment	T062	C1883721
28470421	54	66	characterize	T052	C1880022
28470421	71	85	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
28470421	86	94	membrane	T026	C0596901
28470421	95	104	mechanics	T070	C0376706
28470421	106	116	Stretching	T061	C0581717
28470421	117	132	red blood cells	T025	C0014792
28470421	139	155	optical tweezers	T062	C1883721
28470421	168	180	characterize	T052	C1880022
28470421	185	195	mechanical	T169	C0443254
28470421	196	206	properties	T080	C0871161
28470421	216	224	membrane	T026	C0596901
28470421	228	237	measuring	T080	C0444706
28470421	242	258	size of the cell	T081	C0162658
28470421	266	275	direction	T082	C0449738
28470421	283	293	stretching	T061	C0581717
28470421	295	309	axial diameter	T081	C3174763
28470421	315	330	perpendicularly	T077	C3272860
28470421	332	351	transverse diameter	T081	C0552414
28470421	369	373	data	T078	C1511726
28470421	392	400	numerous	T081	C0439064
28470421	401	413	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
28470421	451	462	computation	T052	C1880157
28470421	466	480	red blood cell	T025	C0014792
28470421	481	489	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28470421	509	522	present study	T062	C2603343
28470421	534	544	mechanical	T169	C0443254
28470421	545	551	models	T075	C0026336
28470421	577	587	stretching	T061	C0581717
28470421	591	606	red blood cells	T025	C0014792
28470421	610	626	optical tweezers	T062	C1883721
28470421	628	635	Results	T034	C0456984
28470421	656	673	mechanical moduli	T169	C0443254
28470421	681	690	membranes	T026	C0596901
28470421	732	737	model	T075	C0026336
28470421	779	787	dilation	T033	C0700124
28470421	795	800	cells	T025	C0007634
28470421	806	811	axial	T082	C0205131
28470421	816	836	transverse diameters	T081	C0552414
28470421	837	845	measured	T080	C0444706
28470421	849	877	optical tweezers experiments	T062	C1883721
28470421	894	906	insufficient	T080	C0231180
28470421	910	922	discriminate	T080	C0205235
28470421	931	937	models	T075	C0026336
28470421	950	965	red blood cells	T025	C0014792
28470421	1006	1016	quantities	T081	C1265611
28470421	1058	1062	cell	T025	C0007634
28470421	1073	1082	preferred	T078	C0558295
28470421	1087	1097	validation	T062	C1519941
28470421	1127	1136	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28470421	1144	1158	membrane model	T170	C0596899

28470482|t|New Diterpenoids from Clerodendranthus spicatus
28470482|a|Two new diterpenoids, neoorthosiphonones B and C (1 and 2), and one known diterpenoid, were isolated from the aerial parts of Clerodendranthus spicatus. Their structures including absolute configurations were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and X-ray crystallographic methods. No compound was found to inhibit fibronectin production at the concentration of 20 μM.
28470482	0	3	New	T080	C0205314
28470482	4	16	Diterpenoids	T109	C0012780
28470482	22	47	Clerodendranthus spicatus	T002	C2311252
28470482	52	55	new	T080	C0205314
28470482	56	68	diterpenoids	T109	C0012780
28470482	70	90	neoorthosiphonones B	T109	C0012780
28470482	95	96	C	T109	C0012780
28470482	98	99	1	T109	C0012780
28470482	104	105	2	T109	C0012780
28470482	122	133	diterpenoid	T109	C0012780
28470482	140	148	isolated	T169	C0205409
28470482	158	170	aerial parts	T002	C1136056
28470482	174	199	Clerodendranthus spicatus	T002	C2311252
28470482	207	217	structures	T082	C0678594
28470482	228	236	absolute	T080	C0205344
28470482	237	251	configurations	T082	C0449830
28470482	257	270	determined by	T080	C0521095
28470482	285	307	spectroscopic analyses	T059	C0022885
28470482	312	342	X-ray crystallographic methods	T059	C0206755
28470482	347	355	compound	T080	C0205198
28470482	369	376	inhibit	T080	C0521111
28470482	377	388	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
28470482	389	399	production	T057	C0033268
28470482	407	420	concentration	T081	C1446561

28470550|t|The effect of type and volume of fluid hydration on labor duration of nulliparous women: a randomized controlled trial
28470550|a|Type and volume of fluid administered for intrapartum maintenance had been reported to differently affect labor length, delivery mode, and cord artery pH and glucose level. We aimed to compare the effect of three different fluid regimens on labor duration. In a randomized trial, healthy nulliparous in labor were randomized into one of three intravenous fluid regimens: group 1, the reference group, lactated Ringer's solution infused at a rate of 125 mL/h; group 2, lactated Ringer's solution infused at a rate of 250 mL/h; group 3, 0.9% saline solution boosted with 5% glucose, infused at a rate of 125 mL/h. The primary outcome was labor length from enrollment until delivery. Between December 2010 and July 2015, 300 women were randomized to one of the three groups. Demographic and baseline obstetric characteristics were comparable between the groups. There was no significant difference in the time from enrollment to delivery (p = 0.62). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in second stage duration (p = 0.73), mode of delivery (p = 0.21), cord artery pH and glucose level between the groups. Increasing the intravenous volume of lactated Ringer's solution or substituting to fluid containing 5% glucose solution does not affect labor length. ClinicalTrials.gov, http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01242293.
28470550	4	13	effect of	T080	C1704420
28470550	14	18	type	T080	C0332307
28470550	23	29	volume	T081	C0449468
28470550	33	38	fluid	T167	C1704353
28470550	39	48	hydration	T040	C0237116
28470550	52	66	labor duration	T201	C0566679
28470550	70	81	nulliparous	T033	C0425979
28470550	82	87	women	T098	C0043210
28470550	91	118	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28470550	119	123	Type	T080	C0332307
28470550	128	134	volume	T081	C0449468
28470550	138	143	fluid	T167	C1704353
28470550	144	156	administered	T169	C1521801
28470550	161	172	intrapartum	T079	C0456337
28470550	173	184	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28470550	225	237	labor length	T201	C0566679
28470550	239	247	delivery	T040	C0005615
28470550	248	252	mode	T169	C1513371
28470550	258	269	cord artery	T023	C1185921
28470550	270	272	pH	T081	C0020283
28470550	277	290	glucose level	T034	C0428548
28470550	304	311	compare	T052	C1707455
28470550	316	325	effect of	T080	C1704420
28470550	332	341	different	T080	C1705242
28470550	342	347	fluid	T167	C1704353
28470550	348	356	regimens	T170	C2945654
28470550	360	374	labor duration	T201	C0566679
28470550	381	397	randomized trial	T062,T170	C0206034
28470550	399	406	healthy	T080	C3898900
28470550	407	418	nulliparous	T033	C0425979
28470550	422	427	labor	T040	C0022864
28470550	433	443	randomized	T062	C0034656
28470550	462	473	intravenous	T082	C0348016
28470550	474	479	fluid	T167	C1704353
28470550	480	488	regimens	T170	C2945654
28470550	490	497	group 1	T170	C0441861
28470550	503	518	reference group	T098	C0680399
28470550	520	546	lactated Ringer's solution	T109,T121	C0073385
28470550	547	554	infused	T169	C1827465
28470550	578	585	group 2	T170	C0441865
28470550	587	613	lactated Ringer's solution	T109,T121	C0073385
28470550	614	621	infused	T169	C1827465
28470550	645	652	group 3	T170	C0441869
28470550	659	674	saline solution	T167	C0036082
28470550	700	707	infused	T169	C1827465
28470550	735	750	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28470550	755	767	labor length	T201	C0566679
28470550	773	783	enrollment	T058	C1516879
28470550	790	798	delivery	T040	C0005615
28470550	841	846	women	T098	C0043210
28470550	852	862	randomized	T062	C0034656
28470550	883	889	groups	T078	C0441833
28470550	891	902	Demographic	T102	C0683970
28470550	907	915	baseline	T081	C1442488
28470550	916	925	obstetric	T040	C0022864
28470550	926	941	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28470550	970	976	groups	T078	C0441833
28470550	988	1002	no significant	T033	C3694175
28470550	1003	1013	difference	T081	C1705241
28470550	1031	1041	enrollment	T058	C1516879
28470550	1045	1053	delivery	T040	C0005615
28470550	1090	1104	no significant	T033	C3694175
28470550	1105	1116	differences	T081	C1705241
28470550	1120	1141	second stage duration	T033	C0474477
28470550	1154	1158	mode	T169	C1513371
28470550	1162	1170	delivery	T040	C0005615
28470550	1183	1194	cord artery	T023	C1185921
28470550	1195	1197	pH	T081	C0020283
28470550	1202	1215	glucose level	T034	C0428548
28470550	1228	1234	groups	T078	C0441833
28470550	1236	1246	Increasing	T169	C0442808
28470550	1251	1262	intravenous	T082	C0348016
28470550	1263	1269	volume	T081	C0449468
28470550	1273	1299	lactated Ringer's solution	T109,T121	C0073385
28470550	1319	1324	fluid	T167	C1704353
28470550	1372	1384	labor length	T201	C0566679
28470550	1437	1448	NCT01242293	T170	C3274381

28470753|t|Stalk versus base invasion in pT1 papillary cancers of the bladder: improved substaging system predicting risk of progression
28470753|a|Pathologic stage T1 (pT1) bladder cancers are a clinically heterogeneous group. However, current staging guidelines for superficially invasive cancers do not acknowledge the variability in type and extent of lamina propria invasion in papillary urothelial carcinomas (PUC), and historically proposed substaging systems showed either high inter-observer variation or limited value in predicting patient outcomes. Herein we reappraise pT1 PUC substaging, aiming to identify a novel scheme which is reproducible and prognostically meaningful. Stage pT1 PUC diagnosed during years 1999-2015 were retrospectively reviewed and characterized as focal invasion confined to papillary stalk, focal invasion of tumor base, or extensive invasion of tumor base. Cases with concurrent flat carcinoma in-situ, angiolymphatic invasion, absent muscularis propria, or clinically advanced disease were excluded. We calculated cumulative incidence of recurrence, progression, and death by tumor subtype and evaluated differential risks using log-rank tests and Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by type and extent of invasion. Among 62 patients satisfying inclusion criteria, 22 of 29 patients with base extensive invasion progressed while 4 of 13 with base focal and 0 of 20 with stalk only invasion progressed. There was strong evidence that base extensive patients had higher risk of progression and death due to bladder cancer than base focal or stalk only counterparts (P<0.0001). However, tumor subtype was not significantly associated with risk of recurrence (P=0.21). We propose an innovative substaging approach for reporting site and extent of lamina propria invasion in patients with pT1 PUC allowing patient stratification for risk of progression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28470753	0	5	Stalk	T017	C1947953
28470753	13	17	base	T017	C0700276
28470753	18	26	invasion	T033	C1269955
28470753	30	33	pT1	T033	C0332391
28470753	34	66	papillary cancers of the bladder	T191	C0699885
28470753	106	110	risk	T078	C0035647
28470753	114	125	progression	T046	C0242656
28470753	126	145	Pathologic stage T1	T033	C0332391
28470753	147	150	pT1	T033	C0332391
28470753	152	167	bladder cancers	T191	C0699885
28470753	174	184	clinically	T080	C0205210
28470753	185	204	heterogeneous group	T080	C0019409
28470753	223	230	staging	T185	C0178759
28470753	246	259	superficially	T082	C0205124
28470753	260	276	invasive cancers	T191	C0677898
28470753	300	311	variability	T077	C2827666
28470753	334	357	lamina propria invasion	T033	C1269980
28470753	361	392	papillary urothelial carcinomas	T191	C1368911
28470753	394	397	PUC	T191	C1368911
28470753	464	488	inter-observer variation	T081	C0021713
28470753	492	505	limited value	T169	C0439801
28470753	520	536	patient outcomes	T058	C0030698
28470753	548	558	reappraise	T058	C0184514
28470753	559	562	pT1	T033	C0332391
28470753	563	566	PUC	T191	C1368911
28470753	579	585	aiming	T078	C1947946
28470753	589	597	identify	T080	C0205396
28470753	600	605	novel	T080	C0205314
28470753	606	612	scheme	T170	C1519193
28470753	622	634	reproducible	T080	C1524057
28470753	639	653	prognostically	T170	C0220901
28470753	666	675	Stage pT1	T033	C0332391
28470753	676	679	PUC	T191	C1368911
28470753	680	689	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28470753	697	702	years	T079	C0439234
28470753	718	742	retrospectively reviewed	T062	C0035363
28470753	747	760	characterized	T052	C1880022
28470753	764	769	focal	T082	C0205234
28470753	770	778	invasion	T046	C2699153
28470753	791	806	papillary stalk	T017	C1947953
28470753	808	813	focal	T082	C0205234
28470753	814	822	invasion	T033	C1269955
28470753	826	831	tumor	T191	C0027651
28470753	832	836	base	T017	C0700276
28470753	851	859	invasion	T033	C1269955
28470753	863	868	tumor	T191	C0027651
28470753	869	873	base	T017	C0700276
28470753	875	880	Cases	T169	C0868928
28470753	886	896	concurrent	T079	C0205420
28470753	897	919	flat carcinoma in-situ	T033	C1300924
28470753	921	944	angiolymphatic invasion	T033	C1708790
28470753	946	952	absent	T169	C0332197
28470753	953	971	muscularis propria	T024	C0225358
28470753	976	986	clinically	T080	C0205210
28470753	987	1003	advanced disease	UnknownType	C0679246
28470753	1009	1017	excluded	T169	C0332196
28470753	1033	1043	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28470753	1044	1053	incidence	T081	C0021149
28470753	1057	1067	recurrence	T033	C0679254
28470753	1069	1080	progression	T046	C0242656
28470753	1086	1091	death	T040	C0011065
28470753	1095	1108	tumor subtype	T185	C1519691
28470753	1113	1122	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28470753	1123	1141	differential risks	T033	C0035648
28470753	1148	1162	log-rank tests	T170	C0237913
28470753	1167	1186	Kaplan-Meier curves	T081	C1720944
28470753	1187	1197	stratified	T080	C0205363
28470753	1201	1205	type	T080	C0332307
28470753	1210	1228	extent of invasion	T201	C1269793
28470753	1239	1247	patients	T101	C0030705
28470753	1259	1268	inclusion	T080	C1512693
28470753	1269	1277	criteria	T078	C0243161
28470753	1288	1296	patients	T101	C0030705
28470753	1302	1306	base	T017	C0700276
28470753	1307	1316	extensive	T080	C0205231
28470753	1317	1325	invasion	T033	C1269955
28470753	1326	1336	progressed	T169	C1280477
28470753	1356	1360	base	T017	C0700276
28470753	1361	1366	focal	T082	C0205234
28470753	1384	1389	stalk	T017	C1947953
28470753	1395	1403	invasion	T033	C1269955
28470753	1404	1414	progressed	T169	C1280477
28470753	1447	1451	base	T017	C0700276
28470753	1462	1470	patients	T101	C0030705
28470753	1482	1486	risk	T078	C0035647
28470753	1490	1501	progression	T046	C0242656
28470753	1506	1511	death	T040	C0011065
28470753	1519	1533	bladder cancer	T191	C0699885
28470753	1539	1543	base	T017	C0700276
28470753	1544	1549	focal	T082	C0205234
28470753	1553	1558	stalk	T017	C1947953
28470753	1598	1611	tumor subtype	T185	C1519691
28470753	1650	1654	risk	T078	C0035647
28470753	1658	1668	recurrence	T033	C0679254
28470753	1757	1780	lamina propria invasion	T033	C1269980
28470753	1784	1792	patients	T101	C0030705
28470753	1798	1801	pT1	T033	C0332391
28470753	1802	1805	PUC	T191	C1368911
28470753	1815	1822	patient	T101	C0030705
28470753	1823	1837	stratification	T080	C0205363
28470753	1842	1846	risk	T078	C0035647
28470753	1850	1861	progression	T046	C0242656

28471040|t|Farnesylthiosalicylic acid -loaded lipid-polyethylene glycol-polymer hybrid nanoparticles for treatment of glioblastoma
28471040|a|We aimed to develop lipid-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, which have high affinity to tumour tissue with active ingredient, a new generation antineoplastic drug, farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTA) for treatment of glioblastoma. Farnesylthiosalicylic acid -loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-1,2 distearoyl-glycerol-3-phospho-ethanolamine-N [methoxy (PEG)-2000] ammonium salt (PLGA-DSPE-PEG) with or without 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) hybrid nanoparticles has been prepared and evaluated for in-vitro characterization. Cytotoxicity of FTA-loaded nanoparticles along with its efficacy on rat glioma-2 (RG2) cells was also evaluated both in vitro (in comparison with non-malignant cell line, L929) and in vivo. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed that all formulations prepared had smooth surface and spherical in shape. FTA and FTA-loaded nanoparticles have cytotoxic activity against RG2 glioma cell lines in cell culture studies, which further increases with addition of DOTAP. Magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic evaluation on RG2 tumour cells in rat glioma model (49 female Wistar rats, 250-300 g) comparing intravenous and intratumoral injections of the drug have been performed and FTA-loaded nanoparticles reduced tumour size significantly in in-vivo studies, with higher efficiency of intratumoral administration than intravenous route. Farnesylthiosalicylic acid -loaded PLGA-DSPE-PEG-DOTAP hybrid nanoparticles are proven to be effective against glioblastoma in both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments.
28471040	0	26	Farnesylthiosalicylic acid	T109	C0297002
28471040	35	89	lipid-polyethylene glycol-polymer hybrid nanoparticles	T121	C1254351
28471040	94	103	treatment	T061	C0087111
28471040	107	119	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28471040	140	200	lipid-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polymer hybrid nanoparticles	T121	C1254351
28471040	230	243	tumour tissue	T024	C0475358
28471040	249	266	active ingredient	T120	C1372955
28471040	274	284	generation	T079	C0079411
28471040	285	304	antineoplastic drug	T109,T121	C0003392
28471040	306	332	farnesylthiosalicylic acid	T109	C0297002
28471040	334	337	FTA	T109	C0297002
28471040	343	352	treatment	T061	C0087111
28471040	356	368	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28471040	370	396	Farnesylthiosalicylic acid	T109	C0297002
28471040	405	518	poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-1,2 distearoyl-glycerol-3-phospho-ethanolamine-N [methoxy (PEG)-2000] ammonium salt	T121	C1254351
28471040	520	533	PLGA-DSPE-PEG	T121	C1254351
28471040	551	620	1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) hybrid nanoparticles	T121	C1254351
28471040	630	638	prepared	T033	C4082130
28471040	643	652	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28471040	657	682	in-vitro characterization	T062	C0681828
28471040	684	696	Cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28471040	700	724	FTA-loaded nanoparticles	T109	C0297002
28471040	740	748	efficacy	T081	C0013682
28471040	752	776	rat glioma-2 (RG2) cells	T025	C0007634
28471040	786	795	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28471040	801	809	in vitro	T062	C0681828
28471040	830	859	non-malignant cell line, L929	T025	C0007600
28471040	865	872	in vivo	T062	C0681829
28471040	874	910	Scanning electron microscopy studies	T059	C0523160
28471040	927	948	formulations prepared	T077	C1705957
28471040	953	967	smooth surface	T201	C1182795
28471040	972	990	spherical in shape	T082	C0332501
28471040	992	995	FTA	T109	C0297002
28471040	1000	1024	FTA-loaded nanoparticles	T109	C0297002
28471040	1030	1048	cytotoxic activity	T049	C0596402
28471040	1057	1078	RG2 glioma cell lines	T025	C0007600
28471040	1082	1102	cell culture studies	UnknownType	C0681854
28471040	1145	1150	DOTAP	T121	C1254351
28471040	1152	1178	Magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28471040	1183	1198	histopathologic	T091	C0677043
28471040	1199	1209	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28471040	1213	1229	RG2 tumour cells	T025	C0431085
28471040	1233	1249	rat glioma model	T050	C0012644
28471040	1261	1272	Wistar rats	T015	C0034716
28471040	1295	1306	intravenous	T169	C0021494
28471040	1311	1334	intratumoral injections	T169	C1517565
28471040	1342	1346	drug	T121	C1254351
28471040	1371	1395	FTA-loaded nanoparticles	T109	C0297002
28471040	1404	1415	tumour size	T082	C0475440
28471040	1433	1448	in-vivo studies	T062	C0681829
28471040	1462	1472	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28471040	1476	1503	intratumoral administration	T169	C1517565
28471040	1509	1526	intravenous route	T169	C1522726
28471040	1528	1554	Farnesylthiosalicylic acid	T109	C0297002
28471040	1563	1603	PLGA-DSPE-PEG-DOTAP hybrid nanoparticles	T121	C1254351
28471040	1621	1630	effective	T080	C1704419
28471040	1639	1651	glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28471040	1660	1668	in-vitro	T062	C0681828
28471040	1673	1692	in-vivo experiments	T062	C0681829

28471060|t|Modeling and evaluation of hand-eye coordination of surgical robotic system on task performance
28471060|a|Robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery changes the direct hand and eye coordination in traditional surgery to indirect instrument and camera coordination, which affects the ergonomics, operation performance, and safety. A camera, two instruments, and a target, as the descriptors, are used to construct the workspace correspondence and geometrical relationships in a surgical operation. A parametric model with a set of parameters is proposed to describe the hand-eye coordination of the surgical robot. From the results, optimal values and acceptable ranges of these parameters are identified from two tasks. A 90° viewing angle had the longest completion time; 60° instrument elevation angle and 0° deflection angle had better performance; there is no significant difference among manipulation angles and observing distances on task performance. This hand-eye coordination model provides evidence for robotic design, surgeon training, and robotic initialization to achieve dexterous and safe manipulation in surgery.
28471060	0	8	Modeling	T062	C0870071
28471060	13	23	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28471060	52	75	surgical robotic system	T074	C0879117
28471060	79	95	task performance	T061	C0039333
28471060	96	139	Robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery	T061	C2349249
28471060	200	207	surgery	T061	C0543467
28471060	220	230	instrument	T074	C0348000
28471060	235	241	camera	T074	C0179533
28471060	242	254	coordination	T169	C0700114
28471060	274	284	ergonomics	T090	C0086246
28471060	286	295	operation	T061	C0543467
28471060	296	307	performance	T055	C0597198
28471060	313	319	safety	T068	C0036043
28471060	323	329	camera	T074	C0179533
28471060	335	346	instruments	T074	C0348000
28471060	354	360	target	T169	C1521840
28471060	369	380	descriptors	T170	C0282354
28471060	468	486	surgical operation	T061	C0543467
28471060	521	531	parameters	T033	C0449381
28471060	589	603	surgical robot	T074	C3204163
28471060	623	630	optimal	T080	C2698651
28471060	642	652	acceptable	T080	C1879533
28471060	653	659	ranges	T081	C1514721
28471060	669	679	parameters	T033	C0449381
28471060	739	762	longest completion time	T079	C1254367
28471060	779	794	elevation angle	T081	C0392762
28471060	802	818	deflection angle	T081	C0392762
28471060	830	841	performance	T055	C0597198
28471060	884	903	manipulation angles	T081	C0392762
28471060	908	927	observing distances	T081	C0012751
28471060	931	947	task performance	T061	C0039333
28471060	991	999	evidence	T078	C3887511
28471060	1004	1018	robotic design	T052	C1707689
28471060	1020	1027	surgeon	T097	C0582175
28471060	1028	1036	training	T065	C0220931
28471060	1042	1064	robotic initialization	T061	C2349254
28471060	1095	1118	manipulation in surgery	T061	C0185111

28471149|t|Clinical imaging in patients with fever and suspected endocarditis
28471149|a|Echocardiography remains the cornerstone of the diagnostic of anatomic lesions and consequences on cardiac function caused by infective endocarditis (IE). There is now evidence that other imaging techniques are useful in reducing the number of non-conclusive diagnoses, in particular when IE is suspected on prosthetic material or devices. Besides diagnosis, cardiac imaging strongly contributes to prognostic assessment, indications for early surgery and patient follow-up. It is required a specific expertise for implementing and interpreting all imaging techniques and the complexity of decision-making highlights the need for a multidisciplinary management of difficult cases in specialized endocarditis teams.
28471149	0	16	Clinical imaging	T060	C0011923
28471149	20	28	patients	T101	C0030705
28471149	34	39	fever	T184	C0015967
28471149	44	53	suspected	T080	C0332147
28471149	54	66	endocarditis	T047	C0014118
28471149	67	83	Echocardiography	T060	C0013516
28471149	115	125	diagnostic	T033	C0011900
28471149	129	137	anatomic	T080	C0220784
28471149	138	145	lesions	T033	C0221198
28471149	150	162	consequences	T169	C0686907
28471149	166	182	cardiac function	T042	C0232164
28471149	193	215	infective endocarditis	T047	C1541923
28471149	217	219	IE	T047	C1541923
28471149	235	243	evidence	T078	C3887511
28471149	255	273	imaging techniques	T060	C0079595
28471149	311	325	non-conclusive	T033	C3842141
28471149	326	335	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28471149	356	358	IE	T047	C1541923
28471149	362	371	suspected	T080	C0332147
28471149	375	394	prosthetic material	T074	C0175649
28471149	398	405	devices	T074	C0025080
28471149	415	424	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28471149	426	441	cardiac imaging	T060	C0851587
28471149	466	476	prognostic	T170	C0220901
28471149	477	487	assessment	T058	C0220825
28471149	489	500	indications	T078	C3146298
28471149	505	510	early	T079	C1279919
28471149	511	518	surgery	T061	C0543467
28471149	523	530	patient	T101	C0030705
28471149	531	540	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28471149	568	577	expertise	T080	C0870520
28471149	582	594	implementing	T052	C1708476
28471149	599	611	interpreting	T169	C1285553
28471149	616	634	imaging techniques	T060	C0079595
28471149	643	653	complexity	T041	C0237521
28471149	657	672	decision-making	T041	C0011109
28471149	699	727	multidisciplinary management	T057	C0001554
28471149	731	740	difficult	T080	C0332218
28471149	741	746	cases	T169	C0868928
28471149	762	774	endocarditis	T047	C0014118
28471149	775	780	teams	T058	C0086390

28471296|t|Map learning and working memory: Multimodal learning strategies
28471296|a|The current research investigated whether learning spatial information from a map involves different modalities, which are managed by discrete components in working memory. In four experiments, participants studied a map either while performing a simultaneous interference task (high cognitive load) or without interference (low cognitive load). The modality of interference varied between experiments. Experiment 1 used a tapping task (visuospatial), Experiment 2 a backwards counting task (verbal), Experiment 3 an articulatory suppression task (verbal) and Experiment 4 an n-back task (central executive). Spatial recall was assessed in two tests, directional judgements and map drawing. Cognitive load was found to affect spatial recall detrimentally regardless of interference modality. The findings suggest that when learning maps people use a multimodal learning strategy, utilising resources from all components of working memory.
28471296	0	12	Map learning	T041	C0582587
28471296	17	31	working memory	T041	C0025265
28471296	44	63	learning strategies	T065	C0237896
28471296	76	84	research	T062	C0035168
28471296	106	122	learning spatial	T041	C0582587
28471296	123	134	information	T078	C1533716
28471296	142	145	map	T073	C0024779
28471296	155	175	different modalities	T169	C1275506
28471296	221	235	working memory	T041	C0025265
28471296	258	270	participants	T098	C0679646
28471296	311	323	simultaneous	T079	C0521115
28471296	324	341	interference task	T041	C0025361
28471296	348	362	cognitive load	T081	C0870301
28471296	367	387	without interference	T041	C0025361
28471296	393	407	cognitive load	T081	C0870301
28471296	414	422	modality	T078	C0695347
28471296	426	438	interference	T041	C0679066
28471296	487	499	tapping task	T041	C0025361
28471296	501	513	visuospatial	T041	C0814069
28471296	531	554	backwards counting task	T041	C0025361
28471296	556	562	verbal	T080	C0439824
28471296	581	593	articulatory	T048	C0003910
28471296	594	610	suppression task	T059	C0201782
28471296	612	618	verbal	T080	C0439824
28471296	640	651	n-back task	T041	C0025361
28471296	653	670	central executive	T041	C0025361
28471296	673	687	Spatial recall	T033	C0243095
28471296	692	700	assessed	T052	C1516048
28471296	715	737	directional judgements	T041	C0022423
28471296	742	753	map drawing	UnknownType	C0699866
28471296	755	769	Cognitive load	T081	C0870301
28471296	790	804	spatial recall	T033	C0243095
28471296	819	829	regardless	T080	C3641650
28471296	833	845	interference	T041	C0679066
28471296	846	854	modality	T078	C0695347
28471296	887	900	learning maps	T041	C0582587
28471296	925	942	learning strategy	T065	C0237896
28471296	954	963	resources	T078	C0035201
28471296	987	1001	working memory	T041	C0025265

28471447|t|MicroRNA-18a-5p functions as an oncogene by directly targeting IRF2 in lung cancer
28471447|a|Lung cancer is the major form of cancer resulting in cancer-related mortality around the world. MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding single-stranded RNAs, which can engage in the regulation of gene expression. In this study, miR-18a-5p significantly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and NSCLC cell lines, suggesting an oncogenic function in lung cancer. Additionally, miR-18a-5p can promote carcinogenesis by directly targeting interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2). Further experiments indicated that IRF2 can increase cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and migration ability. Our study demonstrates that miR-18a-5p promotes autophagy in NSCLC. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-18a-5p can not only promote NSCLC by suppressing IRF2, but also will be a promising target in the near future.
28471447	0	15	MicroRNA-18a-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28471447	16	25	functions	T169	C0542341
28471447	32	40	oncogene	T028	C0029016
28471447	44	52	directly	T080	C1947931
28471447	53	62	targeting	T044	C1159372
28471447	63	67	IRF2	T116,T123	C0063701
28471447	71	82	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28471447	83	94	Lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28471447	102	107	major	T080	C0205164
28471447	116	122	cancer	T191	C0006826
28471447	123	135	resulting in	T169	C0332294
28471447	136	150	cancer-related	T033	C2826292
28471447	151	160	mortality	T081	C0205848
28471447	161	167	around	T078	C0750503
28471447	172	177	world	T098	C2700280
28471447	179	188	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28471447	193	203	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28471447	204	241	small non-coding single-stranded RNAs	T114	C2936494
28471447	267	296	regulation of gene expression	T045	C0017263
28471447	313	323	miR-18a-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28471447	338	349	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28471447	353	379	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28471447	381	386	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28471447	388	395	tissues	T024	C0475358
28471447	400	405	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28471447	406	416	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28471447	432	441	oncogenic	T028	C0029016
28471447	442	450	function	T045	C0314627
28471447	454	465	lung cancer	T191	C0242379
28471447	481	491	miR-18a-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28471447	496	503	promote	T052	C0033414
28471447	504	518	carcinogenesis	T191	C0596263
28471447	522	530	directly	T080	C1947931
28471447	531	540	targeting	T044	C1159372
28471447	541	571	interferon regulatory factor 2	T116,T123	C0063701
28471447	573	577	IRF2	T116,T123	C0063701
28471447	615	619	IRF2	T116,T123	C0063701
28471447	624	632	increase	T169	C0442805
28471447	633	637	cell	T025	C0334227
28471447	638	647	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28471447	649	675	inhibit cell proliferation	T043	C1156236
28471447	680	697	migration ability	T043	C1524058
28471447	727	737	miR-18a-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28471447	738	746	promotes	T052	C0033414
28471447	747	756	autophagy	T043	C0004391
28471447	760	765	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28471447	787	794	results	T169	C1274040
28471447	795	803	indicate	T078	C3146298
28471447	809	819	miR-18a-5p	T114,T123	C1101610
28471447	833	840	promote	T052	C0033414
28471447	841	846	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28471447	850	861	suppressing	T169	C1260953
28471447	862	866	IRF2	T116,T123	C0063701
28471447	897	903	target	T169	C1521840
28471447	911	915	near	T080	C1706276
28471447	916	922	future	T079	C0016884

28471656|t|4-Anilino-2-pyridylquinazolines and - pyrimidines as Highly Potent and Nontoxic Inhibitors of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2)
28471656|a|Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins remains a major problem in the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer and might be overcome by inhibition of the transporter. Because of the lack of understanding, the complex mechanisms involved in the transport process, in particular for breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP / ABCG2), there is a persistent need for studies of inhibitors of ABCG2. In this study, we investigated a systematic series of 4-substituted-2-pyridylquinazolines in terms of their inhibitory potency as well as selectivity toward ABCG2. For comparison, the quinazoline scaffold was reduced to the significantly smaller 4-methylpyrimidine basic structure. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and the ability to reverse MDR was tested with the chemotherapeutic agents SN-38 and mitoxantrone (MX). Interaction of the compounds with ABCG2 was investigated by a colorimetric ATPase assay. Enzyme kinetic studies were carried out with Hoechst 33342 as fluorescent dye and substrate of ABCG2 to elucidate the compounds binding modes.
28471656	0	31	4-Anilino-2-pyridylquinazolines	T109	C0034407
28471656	38	49	pyrimidines	T114,T123	C0034289
28471656	60	66	Potent	T080	C0442821
28471656	71	79	Nontoxic	T080	C1518413
28471656	80	90	Inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28471656	94	126	Breast Cancer Resistance Protein	T116,T123	C0761993
28471656	128	133	ABCG2	T116,T123	C0761993
28471656	135	155	Multidrug resistance	T032	C0242640
28471656	157	160	MDR	T032	C0242640
28471656	174	219	ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transport proteins	T116,T123	C0242738
28471656	251	277	chemotherapeutic treatment	T061	C3665472
28471656	281	287	cancer	T191	C0027651
28471656	301	309	overcome	T052	C2983310
28471656	313	323	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28471656	331	342	transporter	T116,T123	C0596902
28471656	394	404	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28471656	421	438	transport process	T044	C1519628
28471656	458	490	breast cancer resistance protein	T116,T123	C0761993
28471656	492	496	BCRP	T116,T123	C0761993
28471656	499	504	ABCG2	T116,T123	C0761993
28471656	549	559	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28471656	563	568	ABCG2	T116,T123	C0761993
28471656	588	600	investigated	T169	C1292732
28471656	624	659	4-substituted-2-pyridylquinazolines	T109	C0034407
28471656	678	688	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28471656	689	696	potency	T080	C3245505
28471656	708	719	selectivity	T081	C0037791
28471656	727	732	ABCG2	T116,T123	C0761993
28471656	754	774	quinazoline scaffold	T109	C0034407
28471656	816	834	4-methylpyrimidine	T114,T123	C0034289
28471656	869	881	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28471656	901	908	reverse	T169	C1555029
28471656	909	912	MDR	T032	C0242640
28471656	933	956	chemotherapeutic agents	T121	C0729502
28471656	957	962	SN-38	T109,T121	C0142710
28471656	967	979	mitoxantrone	T109,T121	C0026259
28471656	981	983	MX	T109,T121	C0026259
28471656	986	997	Interaction	T169	C1704675
28471656	1005	1014	compounds	T103	C1706082
28471656	1020	1025	ABCG2	T116,T123	C0761993
28471656	1030	1042	investigated	T169	C1292732
28471656	1048	1060	colorimetric	T059	C1531834
28471656	1061	1067	ATPase	T116,T126	C0001473
28471656	1068	1073	assay	T059	C2717977
28471656	1075	1097	Enzyme kinetic studies	T090	C1516893
28471656	1120	1133	Hoechst 33342	T121	C0062907
28471656	1137	1152	fluorescent dye	T130	C0016320
28471656	1157	1166	substrate	T167	C3891814
28471656	1170	1175	ABCG2	T116,T123	C0761993
28471656	1193	1202	compounds	T103	C1706082
28471656	1203	1216	binding modes	T052	C1145667

28471772|t|Reexamining the Role of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescents
28471772|a|Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is rarely, if ever, considered for the treatment of severe anorexia nervosa (AN) or other eating disorders comorbid with an affective illness. Mood disorders are common in these patients, and psychotropic medications, although frequently used, have limited evidence of benefit in AN or copresenting depressive symptoms. Even when the illness is life threatening, ECT as a treatment may be overlooked. We present a case of an adolescent girl with severe AN and comorbid major depressive disorder with suicidality. This patient failed multiple medication trials but went on to experience complete remission from both the symptoms of her AN and major depressive disorder after undergoing a course of bilateral ECT. Electroconvulsive therapy may prove to be a fast and effective treatment strategy for mood disorders and suicidality in the setting of comorbid AN in adolescents.
28471772	0	11	Reexamining	T033	C0332128
28471772	24	49	Electroconvulsive Therapy	T061	C0013806
28471772	53	69	Anorexia Nervosa	T048	C0003125
28471772	73	84	Adolescents	T100	C0205653
28471772	85	110	Electroconvulsive therapy	T061	C0013806
28471772	112	115	ECT	T061	C0013806
28471772	156	165	treatment	T169	C1522326
28471772	169	192	severe anorexia nervosa	T048	C0003125
28471772	194	196	AN	T048	C0003125
28471772	201	223	other eating disorders	T048	C0013473
28471772	224	232	comorbid	T033	C1275743
28471772	241	258	affective illness	T184	C0221423
28471772	260	274	Mood disorders	T048	C0525045
28471772	295	303	patients	T101	C0030705
28471772	309	333	psychotropic medications	T121	C0033978
28471772	366	393	limited evidence of benefit	T081	C0086387
28471772	397	399	AN	T048	C0003125
28471772	403	435	copresenting depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28471772	451	478	illness is life threatening	T033	C3846017
28471772	480	483	ECT	T061	C0013806
28471772	489	498	treatment	T169	C1522326
28471772	506	516	overlooked	T033	C0243095
28471772	542	557	adolescent girl	T100	C0001588
28471772	563	572	severe AN	T048	C0003125
28471772	577	585	comorbid	T033	C1275743
28471772	592	611	depressive disorder	T048	C0011581
28471772	617	628	suicidality	T201	C3166387
28471772	635	642	patient	T101	C0030705
28471772	643	649	failed	T169	C0231175
28471772	650	676	multiple medication trials	T033	C0243095
28471772	703	744	complete remission from both the symptoms	T046	C0597370
28471772	752	754	AN	T048	C0003125
28471772	759	784	major depressive disorder	T048	C1269683
28471772	814	827	bilateral ECT	T061	C0562343
28471772	829	854	Electroconvulsive therapy	T061	C0013806
28471772	892	910	treatment strategy	T170	C0599880
28471772	915	929	mood disorders	T048	C0525045
28471772	934	945	suicidality	T201	C3166387
28471772	964	972	comorbid	T033	C1275743
28471772	973	975	AN	T048	C0003125
28471772	979	990	adolescents	T100	C0205653

28471941|t|Basic science and pathogenesis of ageing with HIV: potential mechanisms and biomarkers
28471941|a|: The increased prevalence of age -related comorbidities and mortality is worrisome in ageing HIV-infected patients. Here, we aim to analyse the different ageing mechanisms with regard to HIV infection. Ageing results from the time - dependent accumulation of random cellular damage. Epigenetic modifications and mitochondrial DNA haplogroups modulate ageing. In antiretroviral treatment -controlled patients, epigenetic clock appears to be advanced, and some haplogroups are associated with HIV infection severity. Telomere shortening is enhanced in HIV-infected patients because of HIV and some nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Mitochondria -related oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA mutations are increased during ageing and also by some nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Overall, increased inflammation or ' inflammageing ' is a major driver of ageing and could result from cell senescence with secreted proinflammatory mediators, altered gut microbiota, and coinfections. In HIV-infected patients, the level of inflammation and innate immunity activation is enhanced and related to most comorbidities and to mortality. This status could result, in addition to age, from the virus itself or viral protein released from reservoirs, from HIV -enhanced gut permeability and dysbiosis, from antiretroviral treatment, from frequent cytomegalovirus and hepatitis C virus coinfections, and also from personal and environmental factors, as central fat accumulation or smoking. Adaptive immune activation and immunosenescence are associated with comorbidities and mortality in the general population but are less predictive in HIV-infected patients. Biomarkers to evaluate ageing in HIV-infected patients are required. Numerous systemic or cellular inflammatory, immune activation, oxidative stress, or senescence markers can be tested in serum or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The novel European Study to Establish Biomarkers of Human Ageing MARK-AGE algorithm, evaluating the biological age, is currently assessed in HIV-infected patients and reveals an advanced biological age. Some enhanced inflammatory or innate immune activation markers are interesting but still not validated for the patient's follow-up. To be able to assess patients ' biological age is an important objective to improve their healthspan.
28471941	0	13	Basic science	T062	C0681833
28471941	18	30	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28471941	34	40	ageing	T040	C0001811
28471941	46	49	HIV	T047	C0019693
28471941	61	71	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28471941	76	86	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28471941	103	113	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28471941	117	120	age	T032	C0001779
28471941	130	143	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28471941	148	157	mortality	T081	C0178686
28471941	161	170	worrisome	T033	C0233481
28471941	174	180	ageing	T040	C0001811
28471941	181	193	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28471941	194	202	patients	T101	C0030705
28471941	213	216	aim	T078	C1947946
28471941	220	227	analyse	T062	C0936012
28471941	242	248	ageing	T040	C0001811
28471941	249	259	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28471941	275	288	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
28471941	290	296	Ageing	T040	C0001811
28471941	314	318	time	T079	C0040223
28471941	321	330	dependent	T169	C3244310
28471941	331	343	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28471941	354	369	cellular damage	T049	C0599732
28471941	371	395	Epigenetic modifications	T045	C1516924
28471941	400	417	mitochondrial DNA	T114,T123	C0012929
28471941	418	429	haplogroups	T032	C0018591
28471941	430	438	modulate	T082	C0443264
28471941	439	445	ageing	T040	C0001811
28471941	450	474	antiretroviral treatment	T061	C1963724
28471941	487	495	patients	T101	C0030705
28471941	497	513	epigenetic clock	T040	C0085759
28471941	547	558	haplogroups	T032	C0018591
28471941	579	592	HIV infection	T047	C0019693
28471941	593	601	severity	T080	C0439793
28471941	603	622	Telomere shortening	T049	C1515263
28471941	638	650	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28471941	651	659	patients	T101	C0030705
28471941	671	674	HIV	T005	C0019682
28471941	684	703	nucleoside analogue	T114,T121	C1579410
28471941	704	736	reverse transcriptase inhibitors	T121	C0282519
28471941	738	750	Mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28471941	760	776	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28471941	781	798	mitochondrial DNA	T114,T123	C0012929
28471941	799	808	mutations	T045	C0026882
28471941	830	836	ageing	T040	C0001811
28471941	854	873	nucleoside analogue	T114,T121	C1579410
28471941	874	906	reverse transcriptase inhibitors	T121	C0282519
28471941	927	939	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28471941	945	958	inflammageing	T046	C0021368
28471941	982	988	ageing	T040	C0001811
28471941	1011	1026	cell senescence	T043	C0007581
28471941	1041	1066	proinflammatory mediators	T121	C0243042
28471941	1076	1090	gut microbiota	T001	C2985398
28471941	1096	1108	coinfections	T047	C0275524
28471941	1113	1125	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28471941	1126	1134	patients	T101	C0030705
28471941	1140	1145	level	T080	C0441889
28471941	1149	1161	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28471941	1166	1181	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
28471941	1182	1192	activation	T052	C1879547
28471941	1225	1238	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28471941	1246	1255	mortality	T081	C0178686
28471941	1298	1301	age	T032	C0001779
28471941	1312	1317	virus	T005	C0042776
28471941	1328	1341	viral protein	T116,T123	C0042736
28471941	1356	1366	reservoirs	T078	C0012653
28471941	1373	1376	HIV	T005	C0019682
28471941	1387	1390	gut	T023	C0699819
28471941	1391	1403	permeability	T070	C0031164
28471941	1408	1417	dysbiosis	T046	C3658208
28471941	1424	1448	antiretroviral treatment	T061	C1963724
28471941	1464	1479	cytomegalovirus	T005	C0010825
28471941	1484	1501	hepatitis C virus	T005	C0220847
28471941	1502	1514	coinfections	T047	C0275524
28471941	1543	1564	environmental factors	T169	C1516998
28471941	1577	1593	fat accumulation	T033	C0333574
28471941	1597	1604	smoking	T055	C0037369
28471941	1606	1621	Adaptive immune	T039	C0678209
28471941	1622	1632	activation	T052	C1879547
28471941	1637	1653	immunosenescence	T039	C0596761
28471941	1674	1687	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28471941	1692	1701	mortality	T081	C0178686
28471941	1709	1727	general population	T098	C0683971
28471941	1741	1751	predictive	T080	C0681890
28471941	1755	1767	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28471941	1768	1776	patients	T101	C0030705
28471941	1778	1788	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28471941	1792	1800	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28471941	1801	1807	ageing	T040	C0001811
28471941	1811	1823	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28471941	1824	1832	patients	T101	C0030705
28471941	1856	1864	systemic	T169	C0205373
28471941	1868	1889	cellular inflammatory	T025	C0440752
28471941	1891	1897	immune	T169	C0439662
28471941	1898	1908	activation	T052	C1879547
28471941	1910	1926	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28471941	1942	1949	markers	T201	C0005516
28471941	1957	1963	tested	T169	C0039593
28471941	1967	1972	serum	T031	C0229671
28471941	1976	2010	peripheral blood mononuclear cells	T025	C1321301
28471941	2022	2030	European	T083	C0015176
28471941	2031	2036	Study	T062	C2603343
28471941	2050	2060	Biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28471941	2064	2095	Human Ageing MARK-AGE algorithm	T170	C0002045
28471941	2097	2107	evaluating	T058	C0220825
28471941	2112	2122	biological	T080	C0205460
28471941	2123	2126	age	T032	C0001779
28471941	2153	2165	HIV-infected	T047	C0019693
28471941	2166	2174	patients	T101	C0030705
28471941	2199	2209	biological	T080	C0205460
28471941	2210	2213	age	T032	C0001779
28471941	2229	2241	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28471941	2245	2258	innate immune	T032	C0020969
28471941	2259	2269	activation	T052	C1879547
28471941	2270	2277	markers	T201	C0005516
28471941	2326	2335	patient's	T101	C0030705
28471941	2336	2345	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28471941	2368	2376	patients	T101	C0030705
28471941	2379	2389	biological	T080	C0205460
28471941	2390	2393	age	T032	C0001779
28471941	2437	2447	healthspan	T078	C0018684

28472082|t|Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in patients with bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
28472082|a|Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is considered a promising adjuvant to pharmacotherapy for treating bipolar disorder (BD), its efficacy is unproven. The present review and meta-analysis evaluated the treatment outcomes of patients with BD treated with CBT plus medication and compared these data with the outcomes of those who received standard care alone. Electronic searches from inception to July 31, 2016, were performed using PubMed, Medline OVID, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL plus, and PsycINFO. In the extensive electronic literature search, keywords such as " bipolar disorder ," " manic-depressive psychosis ," " bipolar affective disorder ," " bipolar depression ," " cognitive therapy ," " cognitive-behavioral therapy ," and " psychotherapy " were transformed into MeSH terms, and only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) of relapse rates and Hedges's g, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for the mean differences in the levels of depression, mania, and psychosocial functioning were calculated. Further subgroup analyses were conducted according to the characteristics of the CBT approaches, patients, and therapists, if the data were available. A total of 19 RCTs comprising 1384 patients with type I or II BD were enrolled in our systematic review and meta-analysis. The main analysis revealed that CBT could lower the relapse rate (pooled OR = 0.506; 95% CI = 0.278 -0.921) and improve depressive symptoms (g = -0.494; 95% CI = -0.963 to -0.026), mania severity (g = -0.581; 95% CI = -1.127 to -0.035), and psychosocial functioning (g = 0.457; 95% CI = 0.106-0.809). CBT is effective in decreasing the relapse rate and improving depressive symptoms, mania severity, and psychosocial functioning, with a mild-to-moderate effect size. Subgroup analyses indicated that improvements in depression or mania are more potent with a CBT treatment duration of ≥90 min per session, and the relapse rate is much lower among patients with type I BD.
28472082	0	8	Efficacy	T080	C0087113
28472082	12	40	cognitive-behavioral therapy	T061	C0009244
28472082	44	52	patients	T101	C0030705
28472082	58	74	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
28472082	78	91	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28472082	95	123	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28472082	133	161	cognitive behavioral therapy	T061	C0009244
28472082	163	166	CBT	T061	C0009244
28472082	194	202	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
28472082	206	221	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
28472082	226	234	treating	T169	C1522326
28472082	235	251	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
28472082	253	255	BD	T048	C0005586
28472082	262	270	efficacy	T080	C0087113
28472082	296	302	review	T170	C0282443
28472082	307	320	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28472082	321	330	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28472082	335	353	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
28472082	357	365	patients	T101	C0030705
28472082	371	373	BD	T048	C0005586
28472082	374	386	treated with	T061	C0332293
28472082	387	390	CBT	T061	C0009244
28472082	396	406	medication	T058	C1254363
28472082	411	419	compared	T052	C1707455
28472082	440	448	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28472082	462	470	received	T080	C1514756
28472082	471	484	standard care	T061	C2936643
28472082	492	502	Electronic	T078	C0013850
28472082	503	511	searches	T052	C1706202
28472082	550	559	performed	T169	C0884358
28472082	566	572	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28472082	574	586	Medline OVID	T170	C0025141
28472082	588	604	Cochrane Library	T170	C0282574
28472082	606	612	EMBASE	T170	C0282574
28472082	614	625	CINAHL plus	T170	C0282574
28472082	631	639	PsycINFO	T170	C1140129
28472082	658	668	electronic	T078	C0013850
28472082	669	679	literature	T170	C0023866
28472082	680	686	search	T052	C1706202
28472082	688	696	keywords	T170	C1708608
28472082	707	723	bipolar disorder	T048	C0005586
28472082	729	755	manic-depressive psychosis	T048	C0005586
28472082	761	787	bipolar affective disorder	T048	C0005586
28472082	793	811	bipolar depression	T048	C0005587
28472082	817	834	cognitive therapy	T061	C0009244
28472082	840	868	cognitive-behavioral therapy	T061	C0009244
28472082	878	891	psychotherapy	T061	C0033968
28472082	916	920	MeSH	T170	C1135584
28472082	937	965	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28472082	967	971	RCTs	T062	C0206035
28472082	992	998	pooled	T169	C2349200
28472082	999	1010	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28472082	1012	1015	ORs	T081	C0028873
28472082	1020	1027	relapse	T067	C0035020
28472082	1028	1033	rates	T081	C1521828
28472082	1038	1048	Hedges's g	T081	C0392762
28472082	1065	1085	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28472082	1087	1090	CIs	T081	C0009667
28472082	1101	1105	mean	T081	C0444504
28472082	1106	1117	differences	T081	C1705241
28472082	1125	1145	levels of depression	T033	C1319226
28472082	1147	1152	mania	T048	C0338831
28472082	1158	1182	psychosocial functioning	T201	C0518884
28472082	1188	1198	calculated	T052	C1441506
28472082	1208	1216	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28472082	1217	1225	analyses	T062	C0936012
28472082	1258	1273	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28472082	1281	1284	CBT	T061	C0009244
28472082	1285	1295	approaches	T082	C0449445
28472082	1297	1305	patients	T101	C0030705
28472082	1311	1321	therapists	T097	C0871525
28472082	1330	1334	data	T078	C1511726
28472082	1340	1349	available	T169	C0470187
28472082	1353	1358	total	T080	C0439810
28472082	1365	1369	RCTs	T062	C0206035
28472082	1386	1394	patients	T101	C0030705
28472082	1400	1406	type I	T048	C0853193
28472082	1410	1415	II BD	T048	C0236788
28472082	1437	1447	systematic	T169	C0220922
28472082	1448	1454	review	T170	C0282443
28472082	1459	1472	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28472082	1483	1491	analysis	T062	C0936012
28472082	1506	1509	CBT	T061	C0009244
28472082	1516	1521	lower	T052	C2003888
28472082	1526	1533	relapse	T067	C0035020
28472082	1534	1538	rate	T081	C1521828
28472082	1540	1546	pooled	T169	C2349200
28472082	1547	1549	OR	T081	C0028873
28472082	1563	1565	CI	T081	C0009667
28472082	1586	1593	improve	T033	C0184511
28472082	1594	1613	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28472082	1615	1616	g	T081	C0392762
28472082	1631	1633	CI	T081	C0009667
28472082	1655	1660	mania	T048	C0338831
28472082	1661	1669	severity	T080	C0392364
28472082	1671	1672	g	T081	C0392762
28472082	1687	1689	CI	T081	C0009667
28472082	1715	1739	psychosocial functioning	T201	C0518884
28472082	1741	1742	g	T081	C0392762
28472082	1756	1758	CI	T081	C0009667
28472082	1775	1778	CBT	T061	C0009244
28472082	1782	1791	effective	T080	C1704419
28472082	1795	1805	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28472082	1810	1817	relapse	T067	C0035020
28472082	1818	1822	rate	T081	C1521828
28472082	1827	1836	improving	T080	C1272745
28472082	1837	1856	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28472082	1858	1863	mania	T048	C0338831
28472082	1864	1872	severity	T080	C0392364
28472082	1878	1902	psychosocial functioning	T201	C0518884
28472082	1911	1927	mild-to-moderate	T080	C1299392
28472082	1928	1939	effect size	T081	C0237589
28472082	1941	1949	Subgroup	T185	C1515021
28472082	1950	1958	analyses	T062	C0936012
28472082	1974	1986	improvements	T077	C2986411
28472082	1990	2000	depression	T048	C0011570
28472082	2004	2009	mania	T048	C0338831
28472082	2033	2036	CBT	T061	C0009244
28472082	2037	2055	treatment duration	T079	C0444921
28472082	2071	2078	session	T051	C1883016
28472082	2088	2095	relapse	T067	C0035020
28472082	2096	2100	rate	T081	C1521828
28472082	2121	2129	patients	T101	C0030705
28472082	2135	2144	type I BD	T048	C0853193

28472129|t|Copy number variation of FCGR genes in etiopathogenesis of sarcoidosis
28472129|a|We have previously revealed that, in contrast to polymorphism of FCGR2B and FCGR3B, polymorphism of FCGR2A, FCGR2C and FCGR3A genes, encoding receptors for Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (Fcγ receptors), play a role in increased level of circulating immune complexes with occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock proteins in patients with sarcoidosis. However, this immunocomplexemia might also be caused by decreased clearance by immune cells due to a changed copy number of FCGR genes. Thus, the next step of our study was to evaluate copy number variation of FCGR2A, FCGR2B, FCGR2C, FCGR3A and FCGR3B in this disease. The analysis was carried out by real-time quantitative PCR on 104 patients and 110 healthy volunteers. Despite previously detected variation in allele / genotype frequencies of FCGR in sarcoidosis and its particular stages, there was no copy number variation of the tested genes between sarcoidosis or its stages and healthy control, as well as between stages themselves. A relevant increase in copy number of FCGR2C and FCGR3B in Stage IV of sarcoidosis vs. other stages and controls was detected, but this observation was based on a limited number of Stage IV patients. Hence, polymorphism of FCGR genes seems to be more important than their copy number variation in etiopathogenesis of sarcoidosis in patients from the Polish population.
28472129	0	21	Copy number variation	T086	C1511518
28472129	25	35	FCGR genes	T028	C0017337
28472129	39	55	etiopathogenesis	T169	C1510540
28472129	59	70	sarcoidosis	T047	C0036202
28472129	120	132	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28472129	136	142	FCGR2B	T028	C1414554
28472129	147	153	FCGR3B	T028	C1414556
28472129	155	167	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28472129	171	177	FCGR2A	T028	C1414553
28472129	179	185	FCGR2C	T028	C1521989
28472129	190	202	FCGR3A genes	T028	C1414555
28472129	204	212	encoding	T052	C2700640
28472129	213	258	receptors for Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G	T116,T129,T192	C0034805
28472129	260	273	Fcγ receptors	T116,T129,T192	C0034805
28472129	291	300	increased	T081	C0205217
28472129	301	306	level	T080	C0441889
28472129	310	321	circulating	T169	C0175630
28472129	322	338	immune complexes	T116,T129	C0003313
28472129	344	354	occurrence	T079	C2745955
28472129	358	384	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	T007	C0026926
28472129	385	404	heat shock proteins	T116,T123	C0018850
28472129	408	416	patients	T101	C0030705
28472129	422	433	sarcoidosis	T047	C0036202
28472129	449	466	immunocomplexemia	T184	C0037088
28472129	491	500	decreased	T081	C0205216
28472129	501	510	clearance	T080	C0449297
28472129	514	526	immune cells	T025	C0007634
28472129	536	543	changed	T169	C0392747
28472129	544	555	copy number	T081	C1707513
28472129	559	569	FCGR genes	T028	C0017337
28472129	611	619	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28472129	620	641	copy number variation	T086	C1511518
28472129	645	651	FCGR2A	T028	C1414553
28472129	653	659	FCGR2B	T028	C1414554
28472129	661	667	FCGR2C	T028	C1521989
28472129	669	675	FCGR3A	T028	C1414555
28472129	680	686	FCGR3B	T028	C1414556
28472129	695	702	disease	T047	C0012634
28472129	708	716	analysis	T062	C0936012
28472129	736	762	real-time quantitative PCR	T063	C3179034
28472129	770	778	patients	T101	C0030705
28472129	787	805	healthy volunteers	T098	C1708335
28472129	826	834	detected	T033	C0442726
28472129	835	844	variation	T086	C1511518
28472129	848	854	allele	T028	C0002085
28472129	857	865	genotype	T032	C0017431
28472129	866	877	frequencies	T081	C0017270
28472129	881	885	FCGR	T028	C0017337
28472129	889	900	sarcoidosis	T047	C0036202
28472129	920	926	stages	T079	C1306673
28472129	941	962	copy number variation	T086	C1511518
28472129	977	982	genes	T028	C0017337
28472129	991	1002	sarcoidosis	T047	C0036202
28472129	1010	1016	stages	T079	C1306673
28472129	1021	1036	healthy control	T080	C2986479
28472129	1057	1063	stages	T079	C1306673
28472129	1087	1095	increase	T169	C0442805
28472129	1099	1110	copy number	T081	C1707513
28472129	1114	1120	FCGR2C	T028	C1521989
28472129	1125	1131	FCGR3B	T028	C1414556
28472129	1135	1143	Stage IV	T080	C0205585
28472129	1147	1158	sarcoidosis	T047	C0036202
28472129	1169	1175	stages	T079	C1306673
28472129	1180	1188	controls	T096	C0009932
28472129	1193	1201	detected	T033	C0442726
28472129	1212	1223	observation	T062	C0302523
28472129	1257	1265	Stage IV	T080	C0205585
28472129	1266	1274	patients	T101	C0030705
28472129	1283	1295	polymorphism	T045	C0678951
28472129	1299	1309	FCGR genes	T028	C0017337
28472129	1348	1369	copy number variation	T086	C1511518
28472129	1373	1389	etiopathogenesis	T169	C1510540
28472129	1393	1404	sarcoidosis	T047	C0036202
28472129	1408	1416	patients	T101	C0030705
28472129	1426	1443	Polish population	T098	C0220896

28472512|t|Chloroplast function and ion regulation in plants growing on saline soils: lessons from halophytes
28472512|a|Salt stress impacts multiple aspects of plant metabolism and physiology. For instance it inhibits photosynthesis through stomatal limitation, causes excessive accumulation of sodium and chloride in chloroplasts, and disturbs chloroplast potassium homeostasis. Most research on salt stress has focused primarily on cytosolic ion homeostasis with few studies of how salt stress affects chloroplast ion homeostasis. This review asks the question whether membrane-transport processes and ionic relations are differentially regulated between glycophyte and halophyte chloroplasts and whether this contributes to the superior salt tolerance of halophytes. The available literature indicates that halophytes can overcome stomatal limitation by switching to CO2 concentrating mechanisms and increasing the number of chloroplasts per cell under saline conditions. Furthermore, salt entry into the chloroplast stroma may be critical for grana formation and photosystem II activity in halophytes but not in glycophytes. Salt also inhibits some stromal enzymes (e.g. fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) to a lesser extent in halophyte species. Halophytes accumulate more chloride in chloroplasts than glycophytes and appear to use sodium in functional roles. We propose the molecular identities of candidate transporters that move sodium, chloride and potassium across chloroplast membranes and discuss how their operation may regulate photochemistry and photosystem I and II activity in chloroplasts.
28472512	0	11	Chloroplast	T026	C0008266
28472512	12	20	function	T039	C1254359
28472512	25	39	ion regulation	T043	C1523902
28472512	43	49	plants	T002	C0032098
28472512	61	67	saline	T080	C0205556
28472512	68	73	soils	T167	C0037592
28472512	88	98	halophytes	T002	C2350261
28472512	99	110	Salt stress	T043	C1154956
28472512	111	118	impacts	T080	C4049986
28472512	119	127	multiple	T081	C0439064
28472512	128	135	aspects	T080	C0010820
28472512	139	144	plant	T002	C0032098
28472512	145	155	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28472512	160	170	physiology	T039	C0243056
28472512	188	196	inhibits	T044	C0021469
28472512	197	211	photosynthesis	T070	C0031764
28472512	220	228	stomatal	T002	C1955855
28472512	229	239	limitation	T169	C0449295
28472512	248	257	excessive	T080	C0442802
28472512	258	270	accumulation	T033	C4055506
28472512	274	280	sodium	T123,T196	C0037473
28472512	285	293	chloride	T196	C0596019
28472512	297	309	chloroplasts	T026	C0008266
28472512	324	335	chloroplast	T026	C0008266
28472512	336	357	potassium homeostasis	T040	C1156280
28472512	364	372	research	T062	C0035168
28472512	376	387	salt stress	T043	C1154956
28472512	400	409	primarily	T080	C0205225
28472512	413	422	cytosolic	T026	C1383501
28472512	423	438	ion homeostasis	T039	C1326962
28472512	463	474	salt stress	T043	C1154956
28472512	483	494	chloroplast	T026	C0008266
28472512	495	510	ion homeostasis	T039	C1326962
28472512	517	523	review	T170	C0282443
28472512	550	578	membrane-transport processes	T043	C1519624
28472512	583	598	ionic relations	T039	C0031843
28472512	618	627	regulated	T038	C1327622
28472512	636	646	glycophyte	T002	C0032098
28472512	651	660	halophyte	T002	C2350261
28472512	661	673	chloroplasts	T026	C0008266
28472512	719	733	salt tolerance	T043	C1752460
28472512	737	747	halophytes	T002	C2350261
28472512	763	773	literature	T170	C0023866
28472512	789	799	halophytes	T002	C2350261
28472512	804	812	overcome	T052	C2983310
28472512	813	821	stomatal	T002	C1955855
28472512	822	832	limitation	T169	C0449295
28472512	849	852	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28472512	853	866	concentrating	T052	C2003864
28472512	867	877	mechanisms	T044	C0678659
28472512	882	892	increasing	T081	C0205217
28472512	907	919	chloroplasts	T026	C0008266
28472512	924	928	cell	T025	C0007634
28472512	935	952	saline conditions	T080	C0205556
28472512	967	971	salt	T104	C0036140
28472512	987	1005	chloroplast stroma	T026	C1166955
28472512	1013	1021	critical	T080	C1511545
28472512	1026	1041	grana formation	T043	C3157019
28472512	1046	1060	photosystem II	T026	C1166978
28472512	1073	1083	halophytes	T002	C2350261
28472512	1095	1106	glycophytes	T002	C0032098
28472512	1118	1126	inhibits	T044	C0021469
28472512	1132	1139	stromal	T080	C0205556
28472512	1140	1147	enzymes	T116,T126	C0014442
28472512	1154	1181	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase	T116,T126	C0016755
28472512	1188	1194	lesser	T080	C0547044
28472512	1205	1214	halophyte	T002	C2350261
28472512	1215	1222	species	T185	C1705920
28472512	1224	1234	Halophytes	T002	C2350261
28472512	1235	1245	accumulate	T033	C4055506
28472512	1251	1259	chloride	T196	C0596019
28472512	1263	1275	chloroplasts	T026	C0008266
28472512	1281	1292	glycophytes	T002	C0032098
28472512	1311	1317	sodium	T123,T196	C0037473
28472512	1321	1337	functional roles	T077	C1705810
28472512	1354	1363	molecular	T080	C1521991
28472512	1388	1400	transporters	T116,T123	C0596902
28472512	1411	1417	sodium	T123,T196	C0037473
28472512	1419	1427	chloride	T196	C0596019
28472512	1432	1441	potassium	T123,T196	C0032821
28472512	1449	1470	chloroplast membranes	T026	C1623291
28472512	1493	1502	operation	T052	C3241922
28472512	1507	1515	regulate	T038	C1327622
28472512	1516	1530	photochemistry	T090	C0031739
28472512	1535	1548	photosystem I	T026	C2244433
28472512	1553	1555	II	T026	C1166978
28472512	1568	1580	chloroplasts	T026	C0008266

28472521|t|The Value of Biosamples in Smoking Cessation Trials: A Review of Genetic, Metabolomic, and Epigenetic Findings
28472521|a|Evidence is emerging that certain genotypes and biomarkers are associated with smoking cessation success and efficacy of smoking cessation treatments. We review key findings that open potential avenues for personalizing smoking cessation treatment according to an individual's genetic or metabolic profile. These results provide important incentive for smoking cessation researchers to collect biosamples and perform genotyping in research studies and clinical trials.
28472521	13	23	Biosamples	T077	C1706958
28472521	27	44	Smoking Cessation	T055	C0085134
28472521	45	51	Trials	T062	C0008976
28472521	65	72	Genetic	T034	C0730319
28472521	74	85	Metabolomic	T091	C1328813
28472521	91	101	Epigenetic	T045	C1516924
28472521	102	110	Findings	T033	C0243095
28472521	145	154	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28472521	159	169	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28472521	190	207	smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28472521	232	260	smoking cessation treatments	T061	C1095963
28472521	331	358	smoking cessation treatment	T061	C1095963
28472521	375	387	individual's	T098	C0237401
28472521	388	395	genetic	T059	C2986505
28472521	399	416	metabolic profile	T039	C3853758
28472521	450	459	incentive	T080	C0021147
28472521	464	481	smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28472521	482	493	researchers	T097	C0687734
28472521	505	515	biosamples	T077	C1706958
28472521	528	538	genotyping	T059	C1285573
28472521	542	558	research studies	T062	C0681814
28472521	563	578	clinical trials	T062	C0008976

28472611|t|Coexisting cortical atrophy plays a crucial role in cognitive impairment in moderate to severe cerebral small vessel disease patients
28472611|a|Whether white matter lesion (WML) is associated with vascular cognitive impairment in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) remains controversial; some severe CSVD patients retain normal cognitive function, and cortical thinning associated with WMLs has also been recently reported. The contribution of cortical atrophy to vascular cognitive impairment in severe CSVD and whether WML affects cortical atrophy remain unknown. From November 2012 to January 2015, 50- to 80-year-old patients with moderate to severe WMLs or more than four lacunar infarctions and cognitive complaints, excluding those with large vascular diseases diagnosed by transcranial cerebral Doppler, were recruited. The patients were divided into CSVD groups with or without vascular cognitive impairment - no dementia (VCIND) according to scores on neuropsychological tests that evaluated five cognitive domains. Based on these results, 16 patients were included in the CSVD with VCIND group, and 12 were included in the CSVD without VCIND group. T1, T2, 3D-MPRAGE, and diffusion tensor imaging were performed, and gray matter volume and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were compared between the two groups. Gray matter volume, especially in the frontal cortex, bilateral calcarine sulcus, and fusiform gyrus, was considerably lower in the CSVD with VCIND patients, with 24,619 fewer voxels. In addition, the FA values of 1,583 voxels were lower in the CSVD patients with VCIND than in those without. In conclusion, cortical atrophy is associated with cognitive impairment in moderate to severe WML or lacunar infarction patients, suggesting that cortical atrophy might be secondary to white matter damage in vascular cognitive impairment caused by CSVD.
28472611	0	10	Coexisting	T047	C0679225
28472611	11	27	cortical atrophy	T047	C0235946
28472611	52	72	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28472611	76	94	moderate to severe	T080	C1299393
28472611	95	124	cerebral small vessel disease	T047	C2733158
28472611	125	133	patients	T101	C0030705
28472611	142	161	white matter lesion	T033	C2752009
28472611	163	166	WML	T033	C2752009
28472611	171	186	associated with	T080	C0332281
28472611	187	216	vascular cognitive impairment	T047	C3805043
28472611	220	249	cerebral small vessel disease	T047	C2733158
28472611	251	255	CSVD	T047	C2733158
28472611	285	291	severe	T080	C0205082
28472611	292	296	CSVD	T047	C2733158
28472611	297	305	patients	T101	C0030705
28472611	313	338	normal cognitive function	T041	C0392335
28472611	344	361	cortical thinning	T033	C3278126
28472611	362	377	associated with	T080	C0332281
28472611	378	382	WMLs	T033	C2752009
28472611	397	414	recently reported	T170	C0684224
28472611	436	452	cortical atrophy	T047	C0235946
28472611	456	485	vascular cognitive impairment	T047	C3805043
28472611	489	495	severe	T080	C0205082
28472611	496	500	CSVD	T047	C2733158
28472611	513	516	WML	T033	C2752009
28472611	517	524	affects	T041	C0001721
28472611	525	541	cortical atrophy	T047	C0235946
28472611	563	571	November	T079	C3828767
28472611	580	587	January	T080	C3829466
28472611	613	621	patients	T101	C0030705
28472611	627	645	moderate to severe	T080	C1299393
28472611	646	650	WMLs	T033	C2752009
28472611	669	688	lacunar infarctions	T047	C0333559
28472611	693	713	cognitive complaints	T041	C0009240
28472611	742	759	vascular diseases	T047	C0042373
28472611	773	802	transcranial cerebral Doppler	T060	C0206077
28472611	824	832	patients	T101	C0030705
28472611	851	855	CSVD	T047	C2733158
28472611	856	862	groups	T078	C0441833
28472611	879	908	vascular cognitive impairment	T047	C3805043
28472611	911	922	no dementia	T033	C1838634
28472611	924	929	VCIND	T047	C3805043
28472611	944	950	scores	T081	C0449820
28472611	954	978	neuropsychological tests	T060	C0027902
28472611	984	993	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28472611	999	1016	cognitive domains	T041	C0009240
28472611	1045	1053	patients	T101	C0030705
28472611	1075	1079	CSVD	T047	C2733158
28472611	1085	1090	VCIND	T047	C3805043
28472611	1091	1096	group	T078	C0441833
28472611	1126	1130	CSVD	T047	C2733158
28472611	1139	1144	VCIND	T047	C3805043
28472611	1145	1150	group	T078	C0441833
28472611	1152	1154	T1	T060	C0430022
28472611	1156	1158	T2	T060	C0430022
28472611	1160	1169	3D-MPRAGE	T060	C0430022
28472611	1175	1199	diffusion tensor imaging	T060	C1537007
28472611	1220	1231	gray matter	T024	C0018220
28472611	1232	1238	volume	T081	C0449468
28472611	1243	1264	fractional anisotropy	T070	C0085406
28472611	1266	1268	FA	T070	C0085406
28472611	1270	1276	values	T080	C0042295
28472611	1307	1313	groups	T078	C0441833
28472611	1315	1326	Gray matter	T024	C0018220
28472611	1327	1333	volume	T081	C0449468
28472611	1353	1367	frontal cortex	T023	C0016733
28472611	1369	1395	bilateral calcarine sulcus	T030	C0228224
28472611	1401	1415	fusiform gyrus	T023	C0228243
28472611	1447	1451	CSVD	T047	C2733158
28472611	1457	1462	VCIND	T047	C3805043
28472611	1463	1471	patients	T101	C0030705
28472611	1491	1497	voxels	T077	C2700259
28472611	1516	1518	FA	T070	C0085406
28472611	1535	1541	voxels	T077	C2700259
28472611	1560	1564	CSVD	T047	C2733158
28472611	1565	1573	patients	T101	C0030705
28472611	1579	1584	VCIND	T047	C3805043
28472611	1623	1639	cortical atrophy	T047	C0235946
28472611	1643	1658	associated with	T080	C0332281
28472611	1659	1679	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28472611	1683	1701	moderate to severe	T080	C1299393
28472611	1702	1705	WML	T033	C2752009
28472611	1709	1727	lacunar infarction	T047	C0333559
28472611	1728	1736	patients	T101	C0030705
28472611	1754	1770	cortical atrophy	T047	C0235946
28472611	1780	1792	secondary to	T080	C0175668
28472611	1793	1805	white matter	T024	C0152295
28472611	1806	1812	damage	T169	C1883709
28472611	1816	1845	vascular cognitive impairment	T047	C3805043
28472611	1856	1860	CSVD	T047	C2733158

28472931|t|Relationship between interpersonal trauma exposure and addictive behaviors: a systematic review
28472931|a|The aim of this study was to systematically summarize knowledge on the association between exposure to interpersonal trauma and addictive behaviors. Extant reviews on this association focused on a restricted range of substance-related addictions, and/or used a narrative instead of a systematic approach. Systematic searches of 8 databases yielded 29,841 studies, of which 3054 studies were included and subsequently classified in relation to study design (scoping review). A subset of observational studies (N = 181) prospectively investigating the relationship between exposure to interpersonal traumata and subsequent behavioral or substance-related addiction problems were characterized. Heterogeneity in study methodologies and types of addictive behaviors and traumatic experiences assessed precluded meta-analysis. Instead, the proportions of associations tested in this literature that revealed positive, negative, or null relationships between trauma exposure and subsequent addictive behaviors were recorded, along with other methodological features. Of 3054 included studies, 70.7% (n = 2160) used a cross-sectional design. In the 181 prospective observational studies (407,041 participants, 98.8% recruited from developed countries), 35.1% of the tested associations between trauma exposure and later addictive behaviors was positive, 1.3% was negative, and 63.6% was non-significant. These results were primarily obtained among non-treatment seeking samples (80.7% of studies; n = 146), using single and multi-item measures of addictive behaviors of unknown psychometric quality (46.4% of studies). Positive associations were more frequently observed in studies examining childhood versus adult traumatization (39.7% vs. 29.7%). Longitudinal research in this area emphasizes alcohol abuse, and almost no research has examined behavioral addictions. Results provide some support for a positive association between exposure to interpersonal trauma and subsequent addictive behaviors but this relationship was not consistently reported. Longitudinal studies typically assessed trauma exposure retrospectively, often after addictive behavior onset, thus precluding robust inferences about whether traumatization affects initial onset of addictive behaviors.
28472931	0	12	Relationship	T080	C0439849
28472931	21	34	interpersonal	T080	C3476070
28472931	35	41	trauma	T037	C3714660
28472931	42	50	exposure	T080	C0332157
28472931	55	74	addictive behaviors	T048	C0085281
28472931	78	95	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28472931	100	103	aim	T078	C1947946
28472931	112	117	study	T062	C2603343
28472931	125	139	systematically	T169	C0220922
28472931	150	159	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28472931	167	178	association	T080	C0439849
28472931	187	195	exposure	T080	C0332157
28472931	199	212	interpersonal	T080	C3476070
28472931	213	219	trauma	T037	C3714660
28472931	224	243	addictive behaviors	T048	C0085281
28472931	252	259	reviews	T078	C1552617
28472931	268	279	association	T080	C0439849
28472931	293	303	restricted	T169	C0443288
28472931	304	309	range	T081	C1514721
28472931	331	341	addictions	T048	C0085281
28472931	357	366	narrative	T054	C1135957
28472931	380	390	systematic	T169	C0220922
28472931	401	411	Systematic	T169	C0220922
28472931	426	435	databases	T170	C0242356
28472931	451	458	studies	T062	C2603343
28472931	474	481	studies	T062	C2603343
28472931	513	523	classified	T185	C0008902
28472931	527	535	relation	T054	C0869014
28472931	539	551	study design	T062	C0035171
28472931	561	567	review	T170	C0282443
28472931	582	603	observational studies	T062	C1518527
28472931	628	641	investigating	T169	C1292732
28472931	646	658	relationship	T080	C0439849
28472931	667	675	exposure	T080	C0332157
28472931	679	692	interpersonal	T080	C3476070
28472931	693	701	traumata	T037	C3714660
28472931	717	727	behavioral	T048	C4285828
28472931	749	758	addiction	T048	C0085281
28472931	759	767	problems	T033	C0033213
28472931	788	801	Heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28472931	805	824	study methodologies	T062	C0086912
28472931	829	834	types	T080	C0332307
28472931	838	857	addictive behaviors	T048	C0085281
28472931	862	871	traumatic	T037	C3714660
28472931	903	916	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28472931	931	942	proportions	T081	C1709707
28472931	946	958	associations	T080	C0439849
28472931	974	984	literature	T170	C0023866
28472931	990	998	revealed	T080	C0443289
28472931	999	1007	positive	T033	C1446409
28472931	1009	1017	negative	T033	C0205160
28472931	1022	1026	null	T081	C0456148
28472931	1027	1040	relationships	T080	C0439849
28472931	1049	1055	trauma	T037	C3714660
28472931	1056	1064	exposure	T080	C0332157
28472931	1080	1099	addictive behaviors	T048	C0085281
28472931	1105	1113	recorded	T081	C3853788
28472931	1132	1146	methodological	T078	C3266812
28472931	1147	1155	features	T080	C2348519
28472931	1174	1181	studies	T062	C2603343
28472931	1207	1222	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
28472931	1223	1229	design	T052	C1707689
28472931	1254	1275	observational studies	T062	C1518527
28472931	1285	1297	participants	T098	C0679646
28472931	1320	1339	developed countries	T080	C0282613
28472931	1362	1374	associations	T080	C0439849
28472931	1383	1389	trauma	T037	C3714660
28472931	1390	1398	exposure	T080	C0332157
28472931	1409	1428	addictive behaviors	T048	C0085281
28472931	1433	1441	positive	T033	C1446409
28472931	1452	1460	negative	T033	C0205160
28472931	1476	1491	non-significant	T033	C1273937
28472931	1499	1506	results	T169	C1274040
28472931	1512	1521	primarily	T080	C0205225
28472931	1537	1550	non-treatment	T033	C0746919
28472931	1559	1566	samples	T167	C0370003
28472931	1577	1584	studies	T062	C2603343
28472931	1636	1655	addictive behaviors	T048	C0085281
28472931	1667	1679	psychometric	T060	C0033920
28472931	1680	1687	quality	T080	C0332306
28472931	1698	1705	studies	T062	C2603343
28472931	1708	1716	Positive	T033	C1446409
28472931	1717	1729	associations	T080	C0439849
28472931	1740	1750	frequently	T079	C0332183
28472931	1751	1759	observed	T169	C1441672
28472931	1763	1770	studies	T062	C2603343
28472931	1781	1790	childhood	T079	C0231335
28472931	1798	1803	adult	T100	C0001675
28472931	1804	1818	traumatization	T037	C3714660
28472931	1838	1859	Longitudinal research	T062	C0023981
28472931	1868	1872	area	T082	C0205146
28472931	1884	1897	alcohol abuse	T048	C0085762
28472931	1913	1921	research	T062	C0035168
28472931	1935	1956	behavioral addictions	T048	C4285828
28472931	1958	1965	Results	T169	C1274040
28472931	1993	2001	positive	T033	C1446409
28472931	2002	2013	association	T080	C0439849
28472931	2022	2033	exposure to	T080	C0332157
28472931	2034	2047	interpersonal	T080	C3476070
28472931	2048	2054	trauma	T037	C3714660
28472931	2070	2089	addictive behaviors	T048	C0085281
28472931	2099	2111	relationship	T080	C0439849
28472931	2143	2163	Longitudinal studies	T062	C0023981
28472931	2183	2189	trauma	T037	C3714660
28472931	2190	2198	exposure	T080	C0332157
28472931	2228	2246	addictive behavior	T048	C0085281
28472931	2270	2276	robust	T080	C2986815
28472931	2302	2316	traumatization	T037	C3714660
28472931	2342	2361	addictive behaviors	T048	C0085281

28473015|t|MESOTHELIAL CELL ADHERENCE TO VASCULAR PROSTHESES AND THEIR SUBSEQUENT GROWTH IN VITRO
28473015|a|Cell seeding may decrease the thrombogenicity of implanted vascular grafts, but its application is hampered by the limited availability of autologous endothelial cells. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells have blood flow supporting qualities and are readily available. This study investigated the adherence of mesothelial cells to vascular prostheses and their subsequent growth in vitro. Circular pieces of various vascular prosthetic materials were seeded with 51Chromium-labeled mesothelial and endothelial cells and left for either 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. The unattached cells were removed and the degree of cell attachment was measured. The number of mesothelial cells to Dacron increased during the first 60 min up to 35.2 % of the seeded inoculum where after a plateau was reached. Scanning electron microscopy showed spreaded mesothelial cells adherent to the Dacron fibers. A significant increase in adherence was observed after preincubation of Dacron with 10 μg/mL fibronectin, but no improvement was found after preincubation with human serum albumin or gelatin. Mesothelial cells adhered better to Gelcoated than to Gelsealed or plain Dacron. The adherence of mesothelial cells to ePTFE (Teflon) was significantly poorer. No significant differences in adherence were found between mesothelial and endothelial cells. Mesothelial cell growth on Dacron resulted in a modest increase in the number of viable cells during 27 days, which implies biocompatibility of Dacron and mesothelial cells in vitro.
28473015	0	16	MESOTHELIAL CELL	T025	C0225335
28473015	17	26	ADHERENCE	T169	C0334154
28473015	30	49	VASCULAR PROSTHESES	T074	C0005846
28473015	60	70	SUBSEQUENT	T079	C0332282
28473015	71	77	GROWTH	T040	C0018270
28473015	78	86	IN VITRO	T080	C1533691
28473015	87	91	Cell	T025	C0007634
28473015	92	99	seeding	T059	C1705192
28473015	104	112	decrease	T081	C0547047
28473015	117	132	thrombogenicity	T046	C0040053
28473015	136	145	implanted	T074	C0021102
28473015	146	161	vascular grafts	T074	C0879126
28473015	210	225	availability of	T169	C0470187
28473015	226	236	autologous	T080	C0439859
28473015	237	254	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28473015	256	261	Human	T016	C0086418
28473015	262	272	peritoneal	T029	C0442034
28473015	273	290	mesothelial cells	T025	C0225335
28473015	296	306	blood flow	T039	C0232338
28473015	307	327	supporting qualities	T080	C0332306
28473015	336	353	readily available	T169	C0470187
28473015	366	378	investigated	T169	C1292732
28473015	383	392	adherence	T169	C0334154
28473015	396	413	mesothelial cells	T025	C0225335
28473015	417	436	vascular prostheses	T074	C0005846
28473015	447	457	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28473015	458	464	growth	T040	C0018270
28473015	465	473	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28473015	475	483	Circular	T082	C1282913
28473015	484	490	pieces	T081	C2982836
28473015	502	510	vascular	T080	C1801960
28473015	511	531	prosthetic materials	T122	C0444752
28473015	537	543	seeded	T059	C1705192
28473015	549	567	51Chromium-labeled	T121,T130,T196	C0303212
28473015	568	579	mesothelial	T025	C0225335
28473015	584	601	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28473015	645	652	minutes	T079	C0439232
28473015	658	668	unattached	T033	C3841381
28473015	669	674	cells	T025	C0007634
28473015	680	687	removed	T080	C0849355
28473015	696	702	degree	T081	C0449286
28473015	706	710	cell	T025	C0007634
28473015	711	721	attachment	T052	C1947904
28473015	726	734	measured	T080	C0444706
28473015	740	746	number	T081	C0237753
28473015	750	767	mesothelial cells	T025	C0225335
28473015	771	777	Dacron	T109,T122	C0947693
28473015	778	787	increased	T081	C0205217
28473015	808	811	min	T079	C0439232
28473015	832	838	seeded	T059	C1705192
28473015	839	847	inoculum	T167	C0439861
28473015	862	869	plateau	T081	C2964353
28473015	874	881	reached	T033	C0243095
28473015	883	911	Scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
28473015	919	927	spreaded	T080	C0332261
28473015	928	945	mesothelial cells	T025	C0225335
28473015	946	954	adherent	T169	C0334154
28473015	962	975	Dacron fibers	T109,T122	C0947693
28473015	979	990	significant	T078	C0750502
28473015	991	999	increase	T169	C0442805
28473015	1003	1012	adherence	T169	C0334154
28473015	1017	1025	observed	T169	C1441672
28473015	1032	1045	preincubation	T059	C0022885
28473015	1049	1055	Dacron	T109,T122	C0947693
28473015	1070	1081	fibronectin	T116,T123	C0016055
28473015	1087	1101	no improvement	T033	C3844714
28473015	1106	1111	found	T033	C0150312
28473015	1118	1131	preincubation	T059	C0022885
28473015	1137	1142	human	T016	C0086418
28473015	1143	1156	serum albumin	T116	C0036773
28473015	1160	1167	gelatin	T116,T121,T122	C0017237
28473015	1169	1186	Mesothelial cells	T025	C0225335
28473015	1187	1194	adhered	T067	C3714578
28473015	1205	1214	Gelcoated	T080	C1522408
28473015	1223	1232	Gelsealed	T080	C0205556
28473015	1236	1248	plain Dacron	T109,T122	C0947693
28473015	1254	1263	adherence	T169	C0334154
28473015	1267	1284	mesothelial cells	T025	C0225335
28473015	1288	1293	ePTFE	T109,T122	C0015312
28473015	1295	1301	Teflon	T109,T122	C0699518
28473015	1307	1320	significantly	T078	C0750502
28473015	1321	1327	poorer	T080	C2700379
28473015	1329	1343	No significant	T033	C1273937
28473015	1344	1355	differences	T080	C1705242
28473015	1359	1368	adherence	T169	C0334154
28473015	1374	1379	found	T033	C0150312
28473015	1388	1399	mesothelial	T025	C0225335
28473015	1404	1421	endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28473015	1423	1439	Mesothelial cell	T025	C0225335
28473015	1440	1446	growth	T040	C0018270
28473015	1450	1456	Dacron	T109,T122	C0947693
28473015	1457	1465	resulted	T169	C1274040
28473015	1471	1486	modest increase	T169	C0442805
28473015	1494	1500	number	T081	C0237753
28473015	1504	1516	viable cells	T025	C1441322
28473015	1527	1531	days	T079	C0439228
28473015	1547	1563	biocompatibility	T044	C0596177
28473015	1567	1573	Dacron	T109,T122	C0947693
28473015	1578	1595	mesothelial cells	T025	C0225335
28473015	1596	1604	in vitro	T080	C1533691

28473083|t|ACR Appropriateness Criteria (®) Radiologic Management of Mesenteric Ischemia
28473083|a|Mesenteric vascular insufficiency is a serious medical condition that may lead to bowel infarction, morbidity, and mortality that may approach 50%. Recommended therapy for acute mesenteric ischemia includes aspiration embolectomy, transcatheter thrombolysis, and angioplasty with or without stenting for the treatment of underlying arterial stenosis. Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia may respond to transarterial infusion of vasodilators such as nitroglycerin, papaverine, glucagon, and prostaglandin E1. Recommended therapy for chronic mesenteric ischemia includes angioplasty with or without stent placement and, if an endovascular approach is not possible, surgical bypass or endarterectomy. The diagnosis of median arcuate ligament syndrome is controversial, but surgical release may be appropriate depending on the clinical situation. Venous mesenteric ischemia may respond to systemic anticoagulation alone. Transhepatic or transjugular superior mesenteric vein catheterization and thrombolytic infusion can be offered depending on the severity of symptoms, condition of the patient, and response to systemic anticoagulation. Adjunct transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation can be considered for outflow improvement. The American College of Radiology Appropriateness Criteria are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of well-established methodologies (RAND / UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment.
28473083	0	3	ACR	T094	C1515941
28473083	4	28	Appropriateness Criteria	T078	C0243161
28473083	33	43	Radiologic	T169	C0205483
28473083	44	54	Management	T058	C0376636
28473083	58	77	Mesenteric Ischemia	T047	C1412000
28473083	78	111	Mesenteric vascular insufficiency	T047	C1412000
28473083	125	142	medical condition	T033	C3843040
28473083	160	176	bowel infarction	T047	C0241950
28473083	178	187	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28473083	193	202	mortality	T081	C0178686
28473083	212	220	approach	T082	C0449445
28473083	238	245	therapy	T061	C0087111
28473083	250	275	acute mesenteric ischemia	T047	C0001363
28473083	285	295	aspiration	T061	C0349707
28473083	296	307	embolectomy	T061	C0162575
28473083	309	322	transcatheter	T061	C0203005
28473083	323	335	thrombolysis	T061	C0040044
28473083	341	352	angioplasty	T061	C0162577
28473083	369	377	stenting	T061	C2348535
28473083	386	395	treatment	T061	C0087111
28473083	410	427	arterial stenosis	T190	C0238397
28473083	429	461	Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia	T047	C3852986
28473083	477	499	transarterial infusion	T061	C0021439
28473083	503	515	vasodilators	T121	C0042402
28473083	524	537	nitroglycerin	T109,T121	C0017887
28473083	539	549	papaverine	T109,T121	C0030350
28473083	551	559	glucagon	T116,T121,T125	C0017687
28473083	565	581	prostaglandin E1	T109,T121	C0002335
28473083	595	602	therapy	T061	C0087111
28473083	607	634	chronic mesenteric ischemia	T047	C0311262
28473083	644	655	angioplasty	T061	C0162577
28473083	672	687	stent placement	T061	C0522776
28473083	699	720	endovascular approach	T061	C1997114
28473083	738	753	surgical bypass	T061	C1536078
28473083	757	771	endarterectomy	T061	C0014098
28473083	777	786	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28473083	790	822	median arcuate ligament syndrome	T047	C1861783
28473083	845	853	surgical	T061	C0543467
28473083	898	916	clinical situation	T080	C0018759
28473083	918	924	Venous	T082	C0348013
28473083	925	944	mesenteric ischemia	T047	C1412000
28473083	960	968	systemic	T169	C0205373
28473083	969	984	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
28473083	992	1004	Transhepatic	T082	C0589464
28473083	1008	1020	transjugular	T082	C1254362
28473083	1021	1045	superior mesenteric vein	T023	C0226742
28473083	1046	1087	catheterization and thrombolytic infusion	T060	C2025545
28473083	1132	1140	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28473083	1142	1166	condition of the patient	T033	C0683521
28473083	1172	1180	response	T032	C0871261
28473083	1184	1192	systemic	T169	C0205373
28473083	1193	1208	anticoagulation	T061	C0003281
28473083	1210	1217	Adjunct	T169	C1719882
28473083	1218	1272	transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation	T061	C0339897
28473083	1303	1314	improvement	T077	C2986411
28473083	1320	1349	American College of Radiology	T094	C1515941
28473083	1350	1374	Appropriateness Criteria	T078	C0243161
28473083	1379	1393	evidence-based	T169	C1510541
28473083	1394	1404	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28473083	1418	1437	clinical conditions	T033	C0683521
28473083	1447	1455	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28473083	1456	1464	annually	T079	C0332181
28473083	1470	1500	multidisciplinary expert panel	T097	C1319406
28473083	1506	1515	guideline	T170	C0162791
28473083	1516	1527	development	T169	C1527148
28473083	1532	1540	revision	T079	C0439617
28473083	1552	1570	extensive analysis	T062	C0936012
28473083	1582	1600	medical literature	T078	C0025120
28473083	1606	1628	peer-reviewed journals	T170	C2985503
28473083	1669	1682	methodologies	T062	C0086912
28473083	1684	1688	RAND	T170	C3826892
28473083	1691	1695	UCLA	T170	C4285296
28473083	1696	1711	Appropriateness	T080	C0814634
28473083	1723	1789	Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation	T170	C0282574
28473083	1793	1798	GRADE	T170	C0282574
28473083	1812	1827	appropriateness	T080	C0814634
28473083	1831	1838	imaging	T060	C0079595
28473083	1843	1863	treatment procedures	T061	C0087111
28473083	1877	1885	clinical	T080	C0205210
28473083	1886	1895	scenarios	T169	C0683579
28473083	1906	1915	instances	T078	C1550608
28473083	1922	1930	evidence	T078	C3887511
28473083	1934	1941	lacking	T080	C0332268
28473083	1945	1954	equivocal	T080	C0332241
28473083	1956	1970	expert opinion	T077	C0600219
28473083	1975	1985	supplement	T169	C2348609
28473083	2000	2008	evidence	T078	C3887511
28473083	2022	2029	imaging	T060	C0079595
28473083	2033	2042	treatment	T061	C0087111

28473360|t|Emergency splenectomy postelective colonoscopy
28473360|a|Colonoscopy is the gold standard for investigation of colorectal carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease. Splenic injury is a rare but potentially fatal complication of colonoscopy. The present case study outlines the early clinical presentation and rapid deterioration of a patient with a splenic injury after an elective colonoscopy. A 70-year-old female underwent a colonoscopy for investigation of altered bowel habit. The procedure was documented as difficult due to the presence of ' stiff loopy colon '. In recovery, patient's condition deteriorated and she was moved to the ward for further assessment. She gradually became haemodynamically unstable and displayed signs of peritoneal irritation. Initial attempts of fluid resuscitation failed to improve patient's clinical condition. Further testing revealed a significant drop in haemoglobin and CT confirmed the diagnosis of a splenic rupture. She underwent an emergency splenectomy that evening. Postoperatively she was managed in the high dependency unit.
28473360	0	9	Emergency	T067	C0013956
28473360	10	21	splenectomy	T061	C0037995
28473360	22	34	postelective	T079	C0439608
28473360	35	46	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28473360	47	58	Colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28473360	66	79	gold standard	T080	C0150110
28473360	84	97	investigation	T058	C0220825
28473360	101	121	colorectal carcinoma	T191	C0009402
28473360	126	152	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
28473360	154	168	Splenic injury	T037	C0160405
28473360	174	178	rare	T080	C0522498
28473360	195	200	fatal	T080	C1302234
28473360	201	213	complication	T046	C0009566
28473360	217	228	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28473360	266	271	early	T079	C1279919
28473360	272	293	clinical presentation	T170	C2708283
28473360	298	303	rapid	T080	C0456962
28473360	304	317	deterioration	T067	C0868945
28473360	323	330	patient	T101	C0030705
28473360	338	352	splenic injury	T037	C0160405
28473360	362	370	elective	T079	C0439608
28473360	371	382	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28473360	398	404	female	T032	C0086287
28473360	417	428	colonoscopy	T060	C0009378
28473360	433	446	investigation	T058	C0220825
28473360	450	469	altered bowel habit	T184	C0278008
28473360	475	484	procedure	T061	C0184661
28473360	503	512	difficult	T080	C0332218
28473360	513	519	due to	T169	C0678226
28473360	524	532	presence	T033	C0150312
28473360	538	555	stiff loopy colon	T023	C0009368
28473360	562	570	recovery	T040	C2004454
28473360	572	604	patient's condition deteriorated	T033	C0555790
28473360	617	625	moved to	T169	C1299988
28473360	630	634	ward	T073,T093	C1305702
28473360	647	657	assessment	T058	C0031809
28473360	663	672	gradually	T080	C0439833
28473360	680	705	haemodynamically unstable	T047	C0948268
28473360	710	719	displayed	T169	C0870432
28473360	720	725	signs	T169	C0220912
28473360	729	739	peritoneal	T024	C0031153
28473360	740	750	irritation	T033	C0587867
28473360	752	759	Initial	T079	C0205265
28473360	772	791	fluid resuscitation	T061	C0150238
28473360	792	798	failed	T169	C0231175
28473360	802	809	improve	T033	C0184511
28473360	810	819	patient's	T101	C0030705
28473360	820	838	clinical condition	T080	C0205210
28473360	848	855	testing	T169	C0039593
28473360	856	864	revealed	T080	C0443289
28473360	867	878	significant	T080	C1546944
28473360	879	898	drop in haemoglobin	T033	C0162119
28473360	903	905	CT	T060	C2183251
28473360	906	915	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28473360	920	929	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28473360	935	950	splenic rupture	T037	C0038000
28473360	969	978	emergency	T067	C0013956
28473360	979	990	splenectomy	T061	C0037995
28473360	996	1003	evening	T079	C0587117
28473360	1005	1020	Postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28473360	1044	1048	high	T080	C0205250

28473531|t|Oncogenic RAS regulates long non-coding RNA Orilnc1 in human cancer
28473531|a|RAS and its downstream cascades transmit cellular signals resulting in increased transcription of genes involved in cell growth and division. Protein-coding gene targets of RAS signaling have been characterized extensively, but long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) regulated by these processes have not. Using a custom-designed lncRNA microarray, we identified the lncRNA Orilnc1 as a genetic target of RAS that is critical for RAS oncogenicity. Orilnc1 expression was regulated by RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling via the transcription factor AP1. Orilnc1 was highly expressed in BRAF-mutant cancers such as melanoma. Silencing of Orilnc1 blocked tumor cell proliferation and growth in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, Orilnc1 blockade reduced expression of Cyclin E1 and induced G1/S cell cycle arrest in tumor cells. Taken together, our results identify Orilnc1 as a novel, non-protein mediator of RAS/RAF activation which may serve as a therapeutic target in RAS/RAF-driven cancers.
28473531	0	13	Oncogenic RAS	T028	C0034678
28473531	14	23	regulates	T045	C0017263
28473531	24	51	long non-coding RNA Orilnc1	T114,T123	C3494264
28473531	55	60	human	T016	C0086418
28473531	61	67	cancer	T191	C0007097
28473531	68	71	RAS	T028	C0034678
28473531	80	99	downstream cascades	T028	C0017337
28473531	100	108	transmit	T169	C0332289
28473531	109	125	cellular signals	T043	C0037083
28473531	126	138	resulting in	T169	C0332294
28473531	139	148	increased	T081	C0205217
28473531	149	171	transcription of genes	T045	C0040649
28473531	184	195	cell growth	T043	C0007595
28473531	200	208	division	T043	C0007590
28473531	210	229	Protein-coding gene	T028	C3839127
28473531	230	237	targets	T169	C1521840
28473531	241	254	RAS signaling	T044	C1514731
28473531	265	278	characterized	T052	C1880022
28473531	296	316	long non-coding RNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
28473531	318	324	lncRNA	T114,T123	C3494264
28473531	326	335	regulated	T045	C0017263
28473531	345	354	processes	T067	C1522240
28473531	373	406	custom-designed lncRNA microarray	T075	C3853655
28473531	411	421	identified	T080	C0205396
28473531	426	440	lncRNA Orilnc1	T114,T123	C3494264
28473531	446	453	genetic	T169	C0314603
28473531	454	460	target	T169	C1521840
28473531	464	467	RAS	T028	C0034678
28473531	476	484	critical	T080	C1511545
28473531	489	492	RAS	T028	C0034678
28473531	493	505	oncogenicity	T201	C3828709
28473531	507	514	Orilnc1	T114,T123	C3494264
28473531	515	525	expression	T045	C0017262
28473531	530	539	regulated	T045	C0017263
28473531	543	568	RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling	T044	C0037080
28473531	577	601	transcription factor AP1	T026	C3888349
28473531	603	610	Orilnc1	T114,T123	C3494264
28473531	622	631	expressed	T045	C0017262
28473531	635	646	BRAF-mutant	T049	C1511021
28473531	647	654	cancers	T191	C0007097
28473531	663	671	melanoma	T191	C0025202
28473531	673	682	Silencing	T045	C0598496
28473531	686	693	Orilnc1	T114,T123	C3494264
28473531	694	701	blocked	T169	C0332206
28473531	702	726	tumor cell proliferation	T043	C0596290
28473531	731	737	growth	T043	C0007595
28473531	738	746	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28473531	751	758	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28473531	774	781	Orilnc1	T114,T123	C3494264
28473531	782	790	blockade	T169	C0332206
28473531	791	798	reduced	T080	C0392756
28473531	799	809	expression	T045	C1171362
28473531	813	822	Cyclin E1	T116,T123	C1259807
28473531	827	834	induced	T169	C0205263
28473531	835	857	G1/S cell cycle arrest	T044	C1517339
28473531	861	872	tumor cells	T025	C0597032
28473531	894	901	results	T169	C1274040
28473531	902	910	identify	T080	C0205396
28473531	911	918	Orilnc1	T114,T123	C3494264
28473531	924	929	novel	T080	C0205314
28473531	955	973	RAS/RAF activation	T040	C2265359
28473531	995	1006	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28473531	1007	1013	target	T169	C1521840
28473531	1017	1039	RAS/RAF-driven cancers	T191	C0007097

28473640|t|Anterolateral entorhinal cortex volume predicted by altered intra-item configural processing
28473640|a|Recent functional imaging studies have proposed that the human entorhinal cortex is subdivided into functionally distinct anterolateral (alERC) and posteromedial (pmERC) subregions. The alERC overlaps with regions that are affected earliest by Alzheimer's disease pathology, yet its cognitive function remains poorly understood. Previous human fMRI studies have focused on its role in object memory, but rodent studies on the putatively homologous lateral entorhinal cortex suggest that it also plays an important role in representing spatial properties of objects. In order to investigate the cognitive effects of human alERC volume differences, we developed an eyetracking-based task to evaluate intra-item configural processing (i.e., processing the arrangement of an object's features), and used manual segmentation based on a recently- developed protocol to delineate the alERC / pmERC as well as other medial temporal lobe (MTL) subregions. In a group of older adult men and women at varying stages of brain atrophy and cognitive decline, we found that intra-item configural processing - regardless of an object's novelty - was strongly predicted by alERC volume, but not by the volume of any other MTL subregion. These results provide the first evidence that the human alERC plays a role in supporting a distinct aspect of object processing, namely attending to the arrangement of an object's component features.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Alzheimer's disease pathology appears earliest in brain regions that overlap with the anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alERC). However, the cognitive role of the alERC is poorly understood. Previous human studies treat the alERC as an extension of the neighboring perirhinal cortex, supporting object memory. Animal studies suggest that the alERC may support the spatial properties of objects. In a group of older adult humans at the earliest stages of cognitive decline, we show that alERC volume selectively predicted configural processing (attention to the spatial arrangement of an object's parts). This is the first study to demonstrate a cognitive role related to alERC volume in humans. This task can be adapted to serve as an early detection method for Alzheimer's disease pathology.
28473640	0	13	Anterolateral	T082	C0332194
28473640	14	31	entorhinal cortex	T023	C0175196
28473640	32	38	volume	T081	C0449468
28473640	60	92	intra-item configural processing	T170	C0449335
28473640	111	126	imaging studies	T060	C1881134
28473640	150	155	human	T016	C0086418
28473640	156	173	entorhinal cortex	T023	C0175196
28473640	215	228	anterolateral	T082	C0332194
28473640	230	235	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	241	254	posteromedial	T082	C1179848
28473640	256	261	pmERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	263	273	subregions	T029	C0005898
28473640	279	284	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	337	356	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28473640	357	366	pathology	T046	C0677042
28473640	376	394	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
28473640	431	436	human	T016	C0086418
28473640	437	449	fMRI studies	T060	C0376335
28473640	478	484	object	T072	C0347997
28473640	485	491	memory	T041	C0025260
28473640	497	503	rodent	T015	C0035804
28473640	504	511	studies	T008	C0683949
28473640	549	566	entorhinal cortex	T023	C0175196
28473640	628	646	spatial properties	T082	C0012727
28473640	650	657	objects	T072	C0347997
28473640	687	704	cognitive effects	T033	C0935657
28473640	708	713	human	T016	C0086418
28473640	714	719	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	720	726	volume	T081	C0449468
28473640	782	790	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28473640	791	823	intra-item configural processing	T170	C0449335
28473640	831	841	processing	T052	C1709694
28473640	846	857	arrangement	T082	C0449830
28473640	864	872	object's	T072	C0347997
28473640	893	912	manual segmentation	T058	C0700381
28473640	934	952	developed protocol	T170	C2348563
28473640	970	975	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	978	983	pmERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	1001	1021	medial temporal lobe	T023	C0039485
28473640	1023	1026	MTL	T023	C0039485
28473640	1028	1038	subregions	T029	C0005898
28473640	1060	1065	adult	T100	C0001675
28473640	1066	1069	men	T098	C0025266
28473640	1074	1079	women	T098	C0043210
28473640	1091	1097	stages	T079	C1306673
28473640	1101	1114	brain atrophy	T047	C0235946
28473640	1119	1136	cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
28473640	1152	1184	intra-item configural processing	T170	C0449335
28473640	1204	1212	object's	T072	C0347997
28473640	1249	1254	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	1255	1261	volume	T081	C0449468
28473640	1278	1284	volume	T081	C0449468
28473640	1298	1311	MTL subregion	T023	C0039485
28473640	1363	1368	human	T016	C0086418
28473640	1369	1374	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	1423	1429	object	T072	C0347997
28473640	1430	1440	processing	T052	C1709694
28473640	1466	1477	arrangement	T082	C0449830
28473640	1484	1492	object's	T072	C0347997
28473640	1535	1554	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28473640	1555	1564	pathology	T046	C0677042
28473640	1585	1598	brain regions	T029	C1273723
28473640	1621	1634	anterolateral	T082	C0332194
28473640	1635	1652	entorhinal cortex	T023	C0175196
28473640	1654	1659	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	1675	1689	cognitive role	T041	C0009240
28473640	1697	1702	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	1734	1747	human studies	T062	C0178693
28473640	1748	1753	treat	T061	C0087111
28473640	1758	1763	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	1799	1816	perirhinal cortex	T029	C2326929
28473640	1829	1835	object	T072	C0347997
28473640	1836	1842	memory	T041	C0025260
28473640	1844	1858	Animal studies	T008	C0683949
28473640	1876	1881	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	1898	1916	spatial properties	T082	C0012727
28473640	1920	1927	objects	T072	C0347997
28473640	1949	1954	adult	T100	C0001675
28473640	1955	1961	humans	T016	C0086418
28473640	1969	1984	earliest stages	T079	C2363430
28473640	1988	2005	cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
28473640	2020	2025	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	2026	2032	volume	T081	C0449468
28473640	2055	2076	configural processing	T170	C0449335
28473640	2078	2087	attention	T041	C0004268
28473640	2095	2114	spatial arrangement	T082	C0449830
28473640	2121	2129	object's	T072	C0347997
28473640	2179	2193	cognitive role	T041	C0009240
28473640	2205	2210	alERC	T023	C0175196
28473640	2211	2217	volume	T081	C0449468
28473640	2221	2227	humans	T016	C0086418
28473640	2269	2291	early detection method	T170	C0449335
28473640	2296	2315	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28473640	2316	2325	pathology	T046	C0677042

28473742|t|NADPH Oxidase Activation Contributes to Heavy Ion Irradiation - Induced Cell Death
28473742|a|Increased oxidative stress plays an important role in heavy ion radiation - induced cell death. The mechanism involved in the generation of elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) is not fully illustrated. Here we show that NADPH oxidase activation is closely related to heavy ion radiation - induced cell death via excessive ROS generation. Cell death and cellular ROS can be greatly reduced in irradiated cancer cells with the preincubation of diphenyleneiodium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Most of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family proteins (NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, and NOX5) showed increased expression after heavy ion irradiation. Meanwhile, the cytoplasmic subunit p47(phox) was translocated to the cell membrane and localized with NOX2 to form reactive NADPH oxidase. Our data suggest for the first time that ROS generation, as mediated by NADPH oxidase activation, could be an important contributor to heavy ion irradiation - induced cell death.
28473742	0	13	NADPH Oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
28473742	14	24	Activation	T044	C0014429
28473742	25	36	Contributes	T052	C1880177
28473742	40	61	Heavy Ion Irradiation	T070	C0729621
28473742	64	71	Induced	T169	C0205263
28473742	72	82	Cell Death	T043	C0007587
28473742	83	92	Increased	T081	C0205217
28473742	93	109	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28473742	137	156	heavy ion radiation	T070	C0729621
28473742	159	166	induced	T169	C0205263
28473742	167	177	cell death	T043	C0007587
28473742	183	192	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28473742	209	255	generation of elevated reactive oxygen species	T038	C3894443
28473742	257	260	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28473742	306	319	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
28473742	320	330	activation	T044	C0014429
28473742	353	372	heavy ion radiation	T070	C0729621
28473742	375	382	induced	T169	C0205263
28473742	383	393	cell death	T043	C0007587
28473742	398	407	excessive	T080	C0442802
28473742	408	422	ROS generation	T038	C3894443
28473742	424	434	Cell death	T043	C0007587
28473742	439	447	cellular	T025	C0007634
28473742	448	451	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28473742	467	474	reduced	T080	C0392756
28473742	478	488	irradiated	T070	C1282930
28473742	489	501	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28473742	511	524	preincubation	T059	C1441618
28473742	528	545	diphenyleneiodium	T121	C1254351
28473742	550	559	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28473742	563	576	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
28473742	590	603	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
28473742	605	608	NOX	T116,T126	C0068355
28473742	610	625	family proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28473742	627	631	NOX1	T116,T126	C1438664
28473742	633	637	NOX2	T116,T123	C1429424
28473742	639	643	NOX3	T116,T126	C1310038
28473742	645	649	NOX4	T116,T126	C1454287
28473742	655	659	NOX5	T116,T126	C1448044
28473742	668	677	increased	T081	C0205217
28473742	678	688	expression	T045	C1171362
28473742	695	716	heavy ion irradiation	T070	C0729621
28473742	733	744	cytoplasmic	T026	C0010834
28473742	745	752	subunit	T081	C1711351
28473742	753	762	p47(phox)	T116,T123	C1448596
28473742	767	779	translocated	T043	C0599893
28473742	787	800	cell membrane	T026	C0007603
28473742	805	814	localized	T082	C0392752
28473742	820	824	NOX2	T116,T123	C1429424
28473742	833	841	reactive	T080	C0205332
28473742	842	855	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
28473742	898	912	ROS generation	T038	C3894443
28473742	929	942	NADPH oxidase	T116,T126	C0068355
28473742	943	953	activation	T044	C0014429
28473742	977	988	contributor	T052	C1880177
28473742	992	1013	heavy ion irradiation	T070	C0729621
28473742	1016	1023	induced	T169	C0205263
28473742	1024	1034	cell death	T043	C0007587

28474673|t|Single-cell RNA-seq enables comprehensive tumour and immune cell profiling in primary breast cancer
28474673|a|Single-cell transcriptome profiling of tumour tissue isolates allows the characterization of heterogeneous tumour cells along with neighbouring stromal and immune cells. Here we adopt this powerful approach to breast cancer and analyse 515 cells from 11 patients. Inferred copy number variations from the single-cell RNA-seq data separate carcinoma cells from non-cancer cells. At a single-cell resolution, carcinoma cells display common signatures within the tumour as well as intratumoral heterogeneity regarding breast cancer subtype and crucial cancer-related pathways. Most of the non-cancer cells are immune cells, with three distinct clusters of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and macrophages. T lymphocytes and macrophages both display immunosuppressive characteristics: T cells with a regulatory or an exhausted phenotype and macrophages with an M2 phenotype. These results illustrate that the breast cancer transcriptome has a wide range of intratumoral heterogeneity, which is shaped by the tumour cells and immune cells in the surrounding microenvironment.
28474673	0	19	Single-cell RNA-seq	T086	C0162327
28474673	28	41	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28474673	42	48	tumour	T191	C0027651
28474673	53	74	immune cell profiling	T059	C0022885
28474673	78	99	primary breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28474673	100	135	Single-cell transcriptome profiling	T059,T063	C0752248
28474673	139	161	tumour tissue isolates	T024	C0475358
28474673	173	189	characterization	T052	C1880022
28474673	193	206	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28474673	207	219	tumour cells	T025	C0431085
28474673	244	251	stromal	T025	C0162597
28474673	256	268	immune cells	T025	C0312740
28474673	310	323	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28474673	328	335	analyse	T062	C0936012
28474673	340	345	cells	T025	C0007634
28474673	354	362	patients	T101	C0030705
28474673	364	395	Inferred copy number variations	T086	C1511518
28474673	405	424	single-cell RNA-seq	T086	C0162327
28474673	425	429	data	T078	C1511726
28474673	439	454	carcinoma cells	T025	C1518174
28474673	460	476	non-cancer cells	T025	C0007634
28474673	507	522	carcinoma cells	T025	C1518174
28474673	523	530	display	T169	C0870432
28474673	560	566	tumour	T191	C0027651
28474673	578	604	intratumoral heterogeneity	T080	C4054700
28474673	615	636	breast cancer subtype	T191	C3642471
28474673	649	672	cancer-related pathways	T169	C2984249
28474673	686	702	non-cancer cells	T025	C0007634
28474673	707	719	immune cells	T025	C0312740
28474673	741	749	clusters	T081	C1704332
28474673	753	766	T lymphocytes	T025	C0039194
28474673	768	781	B lymphocytes	T025	C0004561
28474673	786	797	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28474673	799	812	T lymphocytes	T025	C0039194
28474673	817	828	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28474673	834	841	display	T169	C0870432
28474673	842	859	immunosuppressive	T040	C0021080
28474673	860	875	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28474673	877	884	T cells	T025	C0039194
28474673	919	928	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28474673	933	944	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28474673	953	965	M2 phenotype	T025	C4086555
28474673	973	980	results	T034	C0456984
28474673	1001	1014	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28474673	1015	1028	transcriptome	T086	C3178810
28474673	1049	1061	intratumoral	T082	C1517564
28474673	1062	1075	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28474673	1100	1112	tumour cells	T025	C0431085
28474673	1117	1129	immune cells	T025	C0312740
28474673	1137	1165	surrounding microenvironment	T070	C2936626

28474967|t|Salivary Colony Stimulating Factor-1, Interleukin-34, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 as Markers of Periodontal Disease
28474967|a|Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1 and interleukin (IL)-34 are macrophage growth factors and regulators of osteoclastogenesis. The potential involvement of CSF-1 and IL-34 in periodontal disease is yet unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the presence of CSF-1 and IL-34 in whole saliva in relation to periodontal disease. Protocol validation was assessed in saliva of healthy donors (n=21) by ELISA. Salivary CSF-1, IL-34, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, a biomarker candidate of periodontitis, were determined in 48 patients (29 periodontitis, 12 gingivitis, 7 healthy) and related to the clinical periodontal parameters bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (AL), and plaque index (PI). An additional separate group of gingivitis (n=21) and part of periodontitis patients (n=11) were subjected to non-surgical periodontal treatment whereupon changes in salivary CSF-1, IL-34, and MMP-8 levels were determined and related to periodontal outcome. Periodontitis patients displayed higher CSF-1 and MMP-8 levels in saliva compared to healthy, while IL-34 levels were lower. Higher CSF-1 / IL-34 ratio was observed in periodontitis patients compared to healthy. There was a positive correlation between CSF-1 and MMP-8 which both correlated negatively to IL-34, in gingivitis and periodontitis. Clinical periodontal parameters correlated positively to CSF-1, MMP-8, and to the CSF-1 / IL-34 ratio and negatively to IL-34 in periodontitis patients. Following treatment CSF-1 and MMP-8 levels decreased along with clinical improvement in gingivitis patients. CSF-1 and IL-34 are present in saliva and seem to have complementary roles in periodontal disease, IL-34 in steady-state and CSF-1 in inflammation.
28474967	0	8	Salivary	T082	C0442040
28474967	9	36	Colony Stimulating Factor-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	38	52	Interleukin-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	58	84	Matrix Metalloproteinase-8	T116,T126	C1721358
28474967	88	95	Markers	T201	C0005516
28474967	99	118	Periodontal Disease	T047	C0031090
28474967	119	152	Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	157	176	interleukin (IL)-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	181	191	macrophage	T025	C0024432
28474967	192	206	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28474967	211	221	regulators	T077	C1704735
28474967	225	243	osteoclastogenesis	T042	C4279953
28474967	274	279	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	284	289	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	293	312	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28474967	345	350	study	T062	C2603343
28474967	382	387	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	392	397	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	407	413	saliva	T031	C0036087
28474967	429	448	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28474967	450	469	Protocol validation	T062	C1519941
28474967	486	492	saliva	T031	C0036087
28474967	496	503	healthy	T080	C3898900
28474967	504	510	donors	T098	C0013018
28474967	521	526	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28474967	528	536	Salivary	T082	C0442040
28474967	537	542	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	544	549	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	555	587	matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8	T116,T126	C1721358
28474967	591	600	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28474967	614	627	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28474967	651	659	patients	T101	C0030705
28474967	664	677	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28474967	682	692	gingivitis	T047	C0017574
28474967	696	703	healthy	T080	C3898900
28474967	724	732	clinical	T080	C0205210
28474967	733	755	periodontal parameters	T077	C0549193
28474967	756	775	bleeding on probing	T033	C2698524
28474967	777	780	BOP	T033	C2698524
28474967	783	796	probing depth	T081	C1317646
28474967	798	800	PD	T081	C1317646
28474967	803	811	clinical	T080	C0205210
28474967	812	827	attachment loss	T047	C0206114
28474967	829	831	AL	T047	C0206114
28474967	838	850	plaque index	T170	C0011390
28474967	852	854	PI	T170	C0011390
28474967	880	885	group	T098	C1257890
28474967	889	899	gingivitis	T047	C0017574
28474967	919	932	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28474967	933	941	patients	T101	C0030705
28474967	967	1001	non-surgical periodontal treatment	T061	C2193643
28474967	1023	1031	salivary	T082	C0442040
28474967	1032	1037	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	1039	1044	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	1050	1055	MMP-8	T116,T126	C1721358
28474967	1056	1062	levels	T080	C0441889
28474967	1094	1113	periodontal outcome	T169	C1274040
28474967	1115	1128	Periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28474967	1129	1137	patients	T101	C0030705
28474967	1155	1160	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	1165	1170	MMP-8	T116,T126	C1721358
28474967	1171	1177	levels	T080	C0441889
28474967	1181	1187	saliva	T031	C0036087
28474967	1200	1207	healthy	T080	C3898900
28474967	1215	1220	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	1221	1227	levels	T080	C0441889
28474967	1247	1252	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	1255	1260	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	1261	1266	ratio	T081	C0456603
28474967	1283	1296	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28474967	1297	1305	patients	T101	C0030705
28474967	1318	1325	healthy	T080	C3898900
28474967	1368	1373	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	1378	1383	MMP-8	T116,T126	C1721358
28474967	1420	1425	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	1430	1440	gingivitis	T047	C0017574
28474967	1445	1458	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28474967	1460	1468	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28474967	1469	1491	periodontal parameters	T077	C0549193
28474967	1517	1522	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	1524	1529	MMP-8	T116,T126	C1721358
28474967	1542	1547	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	1550	1555	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	1580	1585	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	1589	1602	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28474967	1603	1611	patients	T101	C0030705
28474967	1633	1638	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	1643	1648	MMP-8	T116,T126	C1721358
28474967	1649	1655	levels	T080	C0441889
28474967	1677	1685	clinical	T080	C0205210
28474967	1686	1697	improvement	T077	C2986411
28474967	1701	1711	gingivitis	T047	C0017574
28474967	1712	1720	patients	T101	C0030705
28474967	1722	1727	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	1732	1737	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	1753	1759	saliva	T031	C0036087
28474967	1800	1819	periodontal disease	T047	C0031090
28474967	1821	1826	IL-34	T116,T123	C2353974
28474967	1847	1852	CSF-1	T116,T129	C0079784
28474967	1856	1868	inflammation	T046	C0021368

28475081|t|Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride in caries prevention and arrest: a systematic literature review
28475081|a|This study aimed to evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in preventing and arresting caries in the primary dentition and permanent first molars. A systematic review (SR) was performed by 2 independent reviewers using 3 electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus). The database search employed the following key words: " topical fluorides " AND " children " AND " clinical trials "; " topical fluorides " OR " silver diamine fluoride " AND " randomized controlled trial "; " silver diamine fluoride " AND " children " OR " primary dentition " AND " tooth decay "; " silver diamine fluoride " OR " sodium fluoride varnish " AND " early childhood caries "; and " silver diamine fluoride " AND " children ". Inclusion criteria were articles published in English, from 2005 to January 2016, on clinical studies using SDF as a treatment intervention to evaluate caries arrest in children with primary dentition and/or permanent first molars. Database searches provided 821 eligible publications, of which 33 met the inclusion criteria. After the abstracts were prescreened, 25 articles were dismissed based on exclusion criteria. The remaining 8 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 7 publications were included in the SR. These included 1 study assessing the effectiveness of SDF at different concentrations; 3 studies comparing SDF with other interventions; 2 investigations comparing SDF at different application frequencies and with other interventions; and 1 study comparing semiannual SDF applications versus a control group. The literature indicates that SDF is a preventive treatment for dental caries in community settings. At concentrations of 30% and 38%, SDF shows potential as an alternative treatment for caries arrest in the primary dentition and permanent first molars. To establish guidelines, more studies are needed to fully assess the effectiveness of SDF and to determine the appropriate application frequency.
28475081	0	13	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28475081	17	40	silver diamine fluoride	T197	C0074538
28475081	44	61	caries prevention	T058	C1960644
28475081	66	72	arrest	T079	C0237477
28475081	76	104	systematic literature review	T170	C1955832
28475081	110	115	study	T062	C2603343
28475081	125	133	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28475081	138	157	scientific evidence	T078	C3887511
28475081	172	185	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28475081	189	212	silver diamine fluoride	T197	C0074538
28475081	214	217	SDF	T197	C0074538
28475081	222	232	preventing	T058	C1960644
28475081	237	246	arresting	T079	C0237477
28475081	247	253	caries	T047	C0011334
28475081	261	268	primary	T080	C0205225
28475081	269	278	dentition	T023	C0011443
28475081	283	305	permanent first molars	T023	C0582449
28475081	309	326	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28475081	328	330	SR	T170	C1955832
28475081	363	372	reviewers	T098	C1882950
28475081	381	401	electronic databases	T170	C3841595
28475081	403	409	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28475081	411	424	ScienceDirect	T170	C3841595
28475081	430	436	Scopus	T170	C3841595
28475081	443	451	database	T170	C3841595
28475081	452	458	search	T052	C1706202
28475081	495	512	topical fluorides	T122,T197	C0016328
28475081	521	529	children	T100	C0008059
28475081	538	553	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28475081	559	576	topical fluorides	T122,T197	C0016328
28475081	584	607	silver diamine fluoride	T197	C0074538
28475081	616	643	randomized controlled trial	T062,T170	C0206034
28475081	649	672	silver diamine fluoride	T197	C0074538
28475081	681	689	children	T100	C0008059
28475081	697	704	primary	T080	C0205225
28475081	705	714	dentition	T023	C0011443
28475081	723	734	tooth decay	T047	C0011334
28475081	740	763	silver diamine fluoride	T197	C0074538
28475081	771	794	sodium fluoride varnish	T122	C0011379
28475081	803	818	early childhood	T079	C0599196
28475081	819	825	caries	T047	C0011334
28475081	835	858	silver diamine fluoride	T197	C0074538
28475081	867	875	children	T100	C0008059
28475081	879	897	Inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28475081	903	911	articles	T170	C1706852
28475081	925	932	English	T171	C0376245
28475081	947	954	January	T080	C3829466
28475081	964	980	clinical studies	T062	C0008972
28475081	987	990	SDF	T197	C0074538
28475081	996	1018	treatment intervention	UnknownType	C0814449
28475081	1022	1030	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28475081	1031	1037	caries	T047	C0011334
28475081	1038	1044	arrest	T079	C0237477
28475081	1048	1056	children	T100	C0008059
28475081	1062	1069	primary	T080	C0205225
28475081	1070	1079	dentition	T023	C0011443
28475081	1087	1109	permanent first molars	T023	C0582449
28475081	1111	1119	Database	T170	C3841595
28475081	1120	1128	searches	T052	C1706202
28475081	1151	1163	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
28475081	1185	1203	inclusion criteria	T080	C1512693
28475081	1215	1224	abstracts	T170	C0600678
28475081	1230	1241	prescreened	T052	C0441655
28475081	1246	1254	articles	T170	C1706852
28475081	1279	1297	exclusion criteria	T169	C0680251
28475081	1315	1333	full-text articles	T170	C1706852
28475081	1339	1347	assessed	T052	C1516048
28475081	1377	1389	publications	T073,T170	C0034036
28475081	1411	1413	SR	T170	C1955832
28475081	1432	1437	study	T062	C2603343
28475081	1452	1465	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28475081	1469	1472	SDF	T197	C0074538
28475081	1486	1500	concentrations	T080	C0205556
28475081	1504	1511	studies	T062	C2603343
28475081	1522	1525	SDF	T197	C0074538
28475081	1537	1550	interventions	T058	C1273869
28475081	1554	1568	investigations	T058	C0220825
28475081	1579	1582	SDF	T197	C0074538
28475081	1596	1607	application	T058	C0185125
28475081	1608	1619	frequencies	T079	C0439603
28475081	1635	1648	interventions	T058	C1273869
28475081	1656	1661	study	T062	C2603343
28475081	1672	1682	semiannual	T079	C1254367
28475081	1683	1686	SDF	T197	C0074538
28475081	1687	1699	applications	T058	C0185125
28475081	1709	1722	control group	T096	C0009932
28475081	1728	1738	literature	T170	C0023866
28475081	1754	1757	SDF	T197	C0074538
28475081	1763	1801	preventive treatment for dental caries	T058	C1960644
28475081	1795	1801	caries	T047	C0011334
28475081	1805	1814	community	T096	C0009462
28475081	1828	1842	concentrations	T080	C0205556
28475081	1859	1862	SDF	T197	C0074538
28475081	1885	1906	alternative treatment	UnknownType	C0683466
28475081	1911	1917	caries	T047	C0011334
28475081	1918	1924	arrest	T079	C0237477
28475081	1932	1939	primary	T080	C0205225
28475081	1940	1949	dentition	T023	C0011443
28475081	1954	1976	permanent first molars	T023	C0582449
28475081	1991	2001	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28475081	2036	2042	assess	T058	C0184514
28475081	2047	2060	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28475081	2064	2067	SDF	T197	C0074538
28475081	2101	2112	application	T058	C0185125
28475081	2113	2122	frequency	T079	C0439603

28475307|t|Polymer brush - functionalized chitosan hydrogels as antifouling implant coatings
28475307|a|Implantable sensor devices require coatings that efficiently interface with the tissue environment to mediate biochemical analysis. In this regard, bioinspired polymer hydrogels offer an attractive and abundant source of coating materials. However, upon implantation these materials generally elicit inflammation and the foreign body reaction as a consequence of protein fouling on their surface and concomitant poor hemocompatibility. In this report we investigate a strategy to endow chitosan hydrogel coatings with antifouling properties by the grafting of polymer brushes in a " grafting-from " approach. Chitosan coatings were functionalized with polymer brushes of oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate using photoinduced single electron transfer living radical polymerization and the surfaces were thoroughly characterized by XPS, AFM, water contact angle goniometry, and in situ ellipsometry. The antifouling properties of these new bioinspired hydrogel-brush coatings were investigated by surface plasmon resonance. The influence of the modifications to the chitosan on hemocompatibility was assessed by contacting the surfaces with platelets and leukocytes. The coatings were hydrophilic and reached a thickness of up to 180 nm within 30 min of polymerization. The functionalization of the surface with polymer brushes significantly reduced the protein fouling and eliminated platelet activation and leukocyte adhesion. This methodology offers a facile route to functionalizing implantable sensor systems with antifouling coatings that improve hemocompatibility and pave the way for enhanced device integration in tissue.
28475307	0	13	Polymer brush	T104,T122	C0032521
28475307	16	30	functionalized	T169	C0205245
28475307	31	39	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28475307	40	49	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
28475307	53	64	antifouling	T033	C0243095
28475307	65	72	implant	T074	C0021102
28475307	73	81	coatings	T080	C1522408
28475307	82	108	Implantable sensor devices	T074	C0021102
28475307	117	125	coatings	T080	C1522408
28475307	131	142	efficiently	T080	C0442799
28475307	162	168	tissue	T024	C0040300
28475307	169	180	environment	T082	C1254362
28475307	192	212	biochemical analysis	T059	C0430027
28475307	242	249	polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28475307	250	259	hydrogels	T122	C0600484
28475307	269	279	attractive	T080	C2346874
28475307	284	292	abundant	T080	C2346714
28475307	293	299	source	T033	C0449416
28475307	303	320	coating materials	T122	C0005479
28475307	336	348	implantation	T061	C0021107
28475307	355	364	materials	T122	C0005479
28475307	375	381	elicit	T080	C0449265
28475307	382	394	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28475307	403	424	foreign body reaction	T046	C0016549
28475307	430	444	consequence of	T169	C0686907
28475307	445	452	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28475307	453	460	fouling	T070	C3826310
28475307	470	477	surface	T082	C0205148
28475307	482	493	concomitant	T079	C0521115
28475307	499	516	hemocompatibility	T080	C0205556
28475307	536	547	investigate	T169	C1292732
28475307	562	576	endow chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28475307	577	585	hydrogel	T122	C0600484
28475307	586	594	coatings	T080	C1522408
28475307	600	611	antifouling	T033	C0243095
28475307	612	622	properties	T080	C0871161
28475307	630	638	grafting	T080	C1527362
28475307	642	657	polymer brushes	T104,T122	C0032521
28475307	665	678	grafting-from	T080	C1527362
28475307	691	699	Chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28475307	700	708	coatings	T080	C1522408
28475307	714	728	functionalized	T169	C0205245
28475307	734	749	polymer brushes	T104,T122	C0032521
28475307	753	801	oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate	T122	C0005538
28475307	806	833	2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate	T109,T122	C0063127
28475307	840	877	photoinduced single electron transfer	T067	C1254366
28475307	885	907	radical polymerization	T067	C0314672
28475307	916	924	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28475307	941	954	characterized	T052	C1880022
28475307	958	961	XPS	T059	C2700282
28475307	963	966	AFM	T059	C0242849
28475307	968	998	water contact angle goniometry	T059	C0022885
28475307	1004	1011	in situ	T082	C0444498
28475307	1012	1024	ellipsometry	T059	C0022885
28475307	1030	1041	antifouling	T033	C0243095
28475307	1042	1052	properties	T080	C0871161
28475307	1078	1092	hydrogel-brush	T122	C0600484
28475307	1093	1101	coatings	T080	C1522408
28475307	1107	1119	investigated	T169	C1292732
28475307	1123	1148	surface plasmon resonance	T063	C0597731
28475307	1154	1163	influence	T077	C4054723
28475307	1171	1184	modifications	T169	C0392747
28475307	1192	1200	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28475307	1204	1221	hemocompatibility	T080	C0205556
28475307	1238	1248	contacting	T169	C0332158
28475307	1253	1261	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28475307	1267	1276	platelets	T025	C0005821
28475307	1281	1291	leukocytes	T025	C0023516
28475307	1297	1305	coatings	T080	C1522408
28475307	1311	1322	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28475307	1337	1346	thickness	T080	C1280412
28475307	1380	1394	polymerization	T067	C0314672
28475307	1400	1417	functionalization	T169	C0205245
28475307	1425	1432	surface	T082	C0205148
28475307	1438	1453	polymer brushes	T104,T122	C0032521
28475307	1468	1475	reduced	T080	C0392756
28475307	1480	1487	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28475307	1488	1495	fouling	T070	C3826310
28475307	1511	1530	platelet activation	T042	C0032173
28475307	1535	1553	leukocyte adhesion	T043	C1154393
28475307	1597	1612	functionalizing	T169	C0205245
28475307	1613	1639	implantable sensor systems	T074	C0021102
28475307	1645	1656	antifouling	T033	C0243095
28475307	1657	1665	coatings	T080	C1522408
28475307	1679	1696	hemocompatibility	T080	C0205556
28475307	1718	1726	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28475307	1727	1733	device	T074	C0025080
28475307	1749	1755	tissue	T024	C0040300

28475553|t|Competition Load Described By Objective And Subjective Methods During A Surfing Championship
28475553|a|The aims of this study were to describe the competition load of surfers during a single heat via objective and subjective methods and to analyze the relationship between objective and subjective methods with the judges' score. Ten competitive surfers were fitted with a global positioning system (GPS) during a competitive heat. The GPS was synchronized with a chronometer and a stationary video camera to identify the surfer's specific actions. After the end of each heat, participants were assessed for the rating of perceived respiratory and muscular exertion (RPEres, RPEmus) and also official scores from every participant were collected. A very large significant relationship between wave riding distance and respiratory perceived exertion heat load (RPEres HL, r =0.79; ± 0.26 CL p < 0 .01, 99.5/0.4/0.1, very likely) was found. Active time was also very large and significantly related to both RPEres HL (r = 0.75; ± 0.29 CL p < 0.05, 99.0/0.8/0.2, very likely) and muscular perceived exertion heat load (RPEmus HL, r = 0.83; ± 0.22 CL, p <0.01, 99.8/0.2/0.0, most likely). Very large significant correlation was obtained between the RPEres and score (r = 0.83; ± 0.22 CL, p < 0.01, 99.8/0.2/0.0, most likely). The subjective method seems to be a good instrument to assess the heat load of a surf competition. Wave characteristics seem to be an important factor in perceived exertion during competitive surfing.
28475553	0	11	Competition	T054	C0679932
28475553	12	16	Load	T081	C0870879
28475553	17	26	Described	T078	C1552738
28475553	30	39	Objective	T080	C1571702
28475553	44	54	Subjective	T080	C0439655
28475553	55	62	Methods	T169	C0449851
28475553	72	79	Surfing	T056	C0336932
28475553	80	92	Championship	T056	C0034872
28475553	97	101	aims	T078	C1947946
28475553	110	115	study	T062	C2603343
28475553	137	148	competition	T054	C0679932
28475553	149	153	load	T081	C0870879
28475553	157	164	surfers	T098	C1257890
28475553	174	185	single heat	T079	C2362314
28475553	190	199	objective	T080	C1571702
28475553	204	214	subjective	T080	C0439655
28475553	215	222	methods	T169	C0449851
28475553	230	237	analyze	T062	C0936012
28475553	242	254	relationship	T080	C0439849
28475553	263	272	objective	T080	C1571702
28475553	277	287	subjective	T080	C0439655
28475553	288	295	methods	T169	C0449851
28475553	305	312	judges'	T097	C0221191
28475553	313	318	score	T081	C0449820
28475553	324	335	competitive	T054	C0679932
28475553	336	343	surfers	T098	C1257890
28475553	363	388	global positioning system	T073	C2350032
28475553	390	393	GPS	T073	C2350032
28475553	404	415	competitive	T054	C0679932
28475553	416	420	heat	T079	C2362314
28475553	426	429	GPS	T073	C2350032
28475553	434	446	synchronized	T079	C0439580
28475553	454	465	chronometer	T073	C3273359
28475553	472	482	stationary	T080	C0439835
28475553	483	495	video camera	T073	C0179547
28475553	512	520	surfer's	T098	C1257890
28475553	521	529	specific	T080	C0205369
28475553	561	565	heat	T079	C2362314
28475553	567	579	participants	T098	C0679646
28475553	585	593	assessed	T052	C1516048
28475553	602	608	rating	T052	C0871208
28475553	612	621	perceived	T169	C0205245
28475553	622	633	respiratory	T169	C0521346
28475553	638	646	muscular	T082	C0442025
28475553	647	655	exertion	T040	C0031807
28475553	657	663	RPEres	T170	C0429689
28475553	665	671	RPEmus	T170	C0429689
28475553	682	690	official	T080	C2347387
28475553	691	697	scores	T081	C0449820
28475553	709	720	participant	T098	C0679646
28475553	744	749	large	T081	C0549177
28475553	750	761	significant	T078	C0750502
28475553	762	774	relationship	T080	C0439849
28475553	783	787	wave	T070	C0337002
28475553	788	794	riding	T056	C0034872
28475553	795	803	distance	T081	C0012751
28475553	808	819	respiratory	T169	C0521346
28475553	820	829	perceived	T169	C0205245
28475553	830	838	exertion	T040	C0031807
28475553	839	843	heat	T079	C2362314
28475553	844	848	load	T081	C0870879
28475553	850	856	RPEres	T170	C0429689
28475553	857	859	HL	T081	C0870879
28475553	877	879	CL	T081	C0237530
28475553	929	935	Active	T169	C0205177
28475553	936	940	time	T079	C0040223
28475553	955	960	large	T081	C0549177
28475553	965	978	significantly	T078	C0750502
28475553	995	1001	RPEres	T170	C0429689
28475553	1002	1004	HL	T081	C0870879
28475553	1023	1025	CL	T081	C0237530
28475553	1067	1075	muscular	T082	C0442025
28475553	1076	1085	perceived	T169	C0205245
28475553	1086	1094	exertion	T040	C0031807
28475553	1095	1099	heat	T079	C2362314
28475553	1100	1104	load	T081	C0870879
28475553	1106	1112	RPEmus	T170	C0429689
28475553	1113	1115	HL	T081	C0870879
28475553	1134	1136	CL	T081	C0237530
28475553	1180	1185	large	T081	C0549177
28475553	1186	1197	significant	T078	C0750502
28475553	1198	1209	correlation	T080	C1707520
28475553	1214	1222	obtained	T169	C1301820
28475553	1235	1241	RPEres	T170	C0429689
28475553	1246	1251	score	T081	C0449820
28475553	1270	1272	CL	T081	C0237530
28475553	1316	1326	subjective	T080	C0439655
28475553	1327	1333	method	T169	C0449851
28475553	1367	1373	assess	T058	C0184514
28475553	1378	1382	heat	T079	C2362314
28475553	1383	1387	load	T081	C0870879
28475553	1398	1409	competition	T054	C0679932
28475553	1411	1415	Wave	T070	C0337002
28475553	1416	1431	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28475553	1446	1455	important	T080	C3898777
28475553	1456	1462	factor	T169	C1521761
28475553	1466	1475	perceived	T169	C0205245
28475553	1476	1484	exertion	T040	C0031807
28475553	1492	1503	competitive	T054	C0679932
28475553	1504	1511	surfing	T056	C0336932

28475787|t|Zero Transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: Lessons Learned From Thailand
28475787|a|New emerging pathogens can quickly become a global health threat in this era. A number of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks have been linked to healthcare facilities. The healthcare -associated transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS - CoV) has been attributed to overcrowding, delayed diagnosis, and the breakdown of infection control systems. Strict infection control precautions and a well-prepared hospital system may have contributed to no nosocomial transmission occurring during the treatment of MERS - CoV infections imported to Thailand. The recent outbreaks of MERS and previous emerging infections provide valuable lessons to be learned. Continuous vigilance and strengthening of infection control systems will shape the capacity to prevent and control MERS - CoV or new emerging disease transmission.
28475787	0	17	Zero Transmission	T078	C0040722
28475787	21	53	Middle East Respiratory Syndrome	T047	C3694279
28475787	76	84	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28475787	98	107	pathogens	T001	C4267729
28475787	129	149	global health threat	T033	C0517471
28475787	158	161	era	T079	C0681698
28475787	175	207	Middle East respiratory syndrome	T047	C3694279
28475787	209	213	MERS	T047	C3694279
28475787	215	224	outbreaks	T067	C0012652
28475787	245	266	healthcare facilities	T073,T093	C0018704
28475787	272	282	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28475787	295	307	transmission	T043	C1160716
28475787	311	343	Middle East respiratory syndrome	T047	C3694279
28475787	344	355	coronavirus	T005	C0010076
28475787	357	361	MERS	T047	C3694279
28475787	364	367	CoV	T005	C0010076
28475787	378	404	attributed to overcrowding	T054	C0010383
28475787	406	423	delayed diagnosis	T080	C2718036
28475787	433	442	breakdown	T080	C0443161
28475787	446	471	infection control systems	T058	C0085557
28475787	473	509	Strict infection control precautions	UnknownType	C0547607
28475787	516	545	well-prepared hospital system	T093	C0019973
28475787	573	596	nosocomial transmission	T169	C1562481
28475787	597	606	occurring	T052	C1709305
28475787	618	627	treatment	T061	C0087111
28475787	631	635	MERS	T047	C3694279
28475787	638	652	CoV infections	T047	C0206750
28475787	665	673	Thailand	T083	C0039725
28475787	686	695	outbreaks	T067	C0012652
28475787	699	703	MERS	T047	C3694279
28475787	717	736	emerging infections	T046	C3714514
28475787	788	844	vigilance and strengthening of infection control systems	UnknownType	C0547607
28475787	872	891	prevent and control	T061	C0596453
28475787	892	896	MERS	T047	C3694279
28475787	899	902	CoV	T005	C0010076
28475787	919	939	disease transmission	T046	C0242781

28476060|t|Blur perception throughout the visual field in myopia and emmetropia
28476060|a|We evaluated the ability of emmetropic and myopic observers to detect and discriminate blur across the retina under monocular or binocular viewing conditions. We recruited 39 young (23-30 years) healthy adults (n = 19 myopes) with best-corrected visual acuity 0.0 LogMAR (20/20) or better in each eye and no binocular or accommodative dysfunction. Monocular and binocular blur discrimination thresholds were measured as a function of pedestal blur using naturalistic stimuli with an adaptive 4AFC procedure. Stimuli were presented in a 46° diameter window at 40 cm. Gaussian blur pedestals were confined to an annulus at either 0°, 4°, 8°, or 12° eccentricity, with a blur increment applied to only one quadrant of the image. The adaptive procedure efficiently estimated a dipper shaped blur discrimination threshold function with two parameters: intrinsic blur and blur sensitivity. The amount of intrinsic blur increased for retinal eccentricities beyond 4° (p < 0.001) and was lower in binocular than monocular conditions (p < 0.001), but was similar across refractive groups (p = 0.47). Blur sensitivity decreased with retinal eccentricity (p < 0.001) and was highest for binocular viewing, but only for central vision (p < 0.05). Myopes showed worse blur sensitivity than emmetropes monocularly (p < 0.05) but not binocularly (p = 0.66). As expected, blur perception worsens in the visual periphery and binocular summation is most evident in central vision. Furthermore, myopes exhibit a monocular impairment in blur sensitivity that improves under binocular conditions. Implications for the development of myopia are discussed.
28476060	0	4	Blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	5	15	perception	T041	C0030971
28476060	31	43	visual field	T082	C0042826
28476060	47	53	myopia	T047	C0027092
28476060	58	68	emmetropia	T033	C0234622
28476060	72	81	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28476060	86	93	ability	T032	C0085732
28476060	97	107	emmetropic	T033	C0234622
28476060	112	118	myopic	T047	C0027092
28476060	119	128	observers	T096	C0870992
28476060	132	138	detect	T033	C0442726
28476060	143	155	discriminate	T080	C0205235
28476060	156	160	blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	172	178	retina	T023	C0035298
28476060	185	194	monocular	T042	C0042797
28476060	198	215	binocular viewing	T041	C0042794
28476060	216	226	conditions	T080	C0348080
28476060	231	240	recruited	T052	C2949735
28476060	244	249	young	T079	C0332239
28476060	264	278	healthy adults	T033	C0686750
28476060	287	293	myopes	T047	C0027092
28476060	300	314	best-corrected	T080	C4072794
28476060	315	328	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
28476060	333	347	LogMAR (20/20)	T074	C0007963
28476060	351	357	better	T080	C0332272
28476060	366	369	eye	T023	C0015392
28476060	374	386	no binocular	T033	C0243095
28476060	390	415	accommodative dysfunction	T033	C0042790
28476060	417	426	Monocular	T042	C0042797
28476060	431	440	binocular	T041	C0042794
28476060	441	445	blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	446	460	discrimination	T080	C0205235
28476060	461	471	thresholds	T080	C0449864
28476060	477	485	measured	T080	C0444706
28476060	491	499	function	T170	C1705273
28476060	503	516	pedestal blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	523	535	naturalistic	T169	C0205296
28476060	536	543	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28476060	552	575	adaptive 4AFC procedure	T060	C0430872
28476060	577	584	Stimuli	T067	C0234402
28476060	590	599	presented	T078	C0449450
28476060	609	617	diameter	T081	C1301886
28476060	635	658	Gaussian blur pedestals	T080	C1511231
28476060	664	672	confined	T169	C0443288
28476060	679	686	annulus	T073	C3273359
28476060	716	728	eccentricity	T042	C0871265
28476060	737	741	blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	742	751	increment	T081	C1705117
28476060	752	759	applied	T169	C4048755
28476060	768	780	one quadrant	T082	C1631280
28476060	788	793	image	T170	C1704922
28476060	799	817	adaptive procedure	T060	C0430872
28476060	818	829	efficiently	T080	C0442799
28476060	830	839	estimated	T081	C0750572
28476060	842	855	dipper shaped	T033	C0243095
28476060	856	860	blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	861	875	discrimination	T080	C0205235
28476060	876	885	threshold	T080	C0449864
28476060	886	894	function	T170	C1705273
28476060	900	903	two	T081	C0205448
28476060	904	914	parameters	T077	C0549193
28476060	916	925	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28476060	926	930	blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	935	939	blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	940	951	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28476060	957	963	amount	T081	C1265611
28476060	967	976	intrinsic	T082	C0205102
28476060	977	981	blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	982	991	increased	T081	C0205217
28476060	996	1018	retinal eccentricities	T042	C0871265
28476060	1049	1054	lower	T052	C2003888
28476060	1058	1067	binocular	T041	C0042794
28476060	1073	1082	monocular	T042	C0042797
28476060	1083	1093	conditions	T080	C0348080
28476060	1115	1122	similar	T080	C2348205
28476060	1130	1140	refractive	T042	C0870812
28476060	1141	1147	groups	T078	C0441833
28476060	1160	1164	Blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	1165	1176	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28476060	1177	1186	decreased	T081	C0205216
28476060	1192	1212	retinal eccentricity	T042	C0871265
28476060	1233	1240	highest	T080	C1522410
28476060	1245	1254	binocular	T041	C0042794
28476060	1277	1291	central vision	T042	C0678899
28476060	1304	1310	Myopes	T047	C0027092
28476060	1318	1323	worse	T033	C1457868
28476060	1324	1328	blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	1329	1340	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28476060	1346	1356	emmetropes	T033	C0234622
28476060	1357	1368	monocularly	T042	C0042797
28476060	1388	1399	binocularly	T041	C0042794
28476060	1425	1429	blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	1430	1440	perception	T041	C0030971
28476060	1441	1448	worsens	T033	C1457868
28476060	1456	1472	visual periphery	T041	C0234628
28476060	1477	1486	binocular	T041	C0042794
28476060	1487	1496	summation	T042	C0234108
28476060	1505	1512	evident	T078	C0750489
28476060	1516	1530	central vision	T042	C0678899
28476060	1545	1551	myopes	T047	C0027092
28476060	1562	1571	monocular	T042	C0042797
28476060	1572	1582	impairment	T169	C0221099
28476060	1586	1590	blur	T080	C1511231
28476060	1591	1602	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28476060	1608	1616	improves	T033	C0184511
28476060	1623	1632	binocular	T041	C0042794
28476060	1633	1643	conditions	T080	C0348080
28476060	1645	1657	Implications	T041	C0679201
28476060	1666	1677	development	T169	C1527148
28476060	1681	1687	myopia	T047	C0027092

28476169|t|Effects of diacetyl-liensinine on electrophysiology in rabbit ventricular myocytes
28476169|a|Diacetyl-liensinine is a chemosynthetic derivative of liensinine, extracted from the seed embryo of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, in China. It has been found to have extensive anti- arrhythmic actions. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of diacetyl-liensinine on electro- physiology of myocytes. We exposed rabbit ventricular myocytes to diacetyl-liensinine using standard whole-cell patch-clamp technique and measured the action potential, L-type calcium current (I Ca-L), delayed rectifier potassium current (I K), transient outward potassium current (I to) and inward rectifier potassium current (I K1). Our results showed that diacetyl-liensinine significantly prolonged action potential duration at 50 and 90% repolarization (APD50, APD90), at 10 and 30 μM, while shortened APD50 and APD90 at 100 μM. In addition, diacetyl-liensinine inhibited the ICa-L, IK, I to and IK1 in a concentration - dependent manner. The results suggest that diacetyl-liensinine might be a potential anti-arrhythmic agent.
28476169	0	10	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28476169	11	30	diacetyl-liensinine	T109,T121	C0214131
28476169	34	51	electrophysiology	T060	C1446476
28476169	55	61	rabbit	T015	C3887509
28476169	62	73	ventricular	T082	C1522565
28476169	74	82	myocytes	T025	C0596981
28476169	83	102	Diacetyl-liensinine	T109,T121	C0214131
28476169	108	133	chemosynthetic derivative	T104	C0002776
28476169	137	147	liensinine	T109,T121	C0214131
28476169	168	172	seed	T002	C0036563
28476169	173	179	embryo	T018	C0013935
28476169	183	206	Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn	T002	C0973447
28476169	211	216	China	T083	C0008115
28476169	244	253	extensive	T080	C0205231
28476169	254	270	anti- arrhythmic	T121	C0003195
28476169	271	278	actions	T070	C0600511
28476169	314	325	investigate	T169	C1292732
28476169	330	340	effects of	T080	C1704420
28476169	341	360	diacetyl-liensinine	T109,T121	C0214131
28476169	364	383	electro- physiology	T060	C1446476
28476169	387	395	myocytes	T025	C0596981
28476169	400	407	exposed	T080	C0332157
28476169	408	414	rabbit	T015	C3887509
28476169	415	426	ventricular	T082	C1522565
28476169	427	435	myocytes	T025	C0596981
28476169	439	458	diacetyl-liensinine	T109,T121	C0214131
28476169	465	473	standard	T080	C1442989
28476169	474	506	whole-cell patch-clamp technique	T062	C0242625
28476169	511	519	measured	T080	C0444706
28476169	524	540	action potential	T043	C0001272
28476169	542	564	L-type calcium current	T044	C3820933
28476169	566	572	I Ca-L	T044	C3820933
28476169	575	610	delayed rectifier potassium current	T044	C1148560
28476169	612	615	I K	T044	C1148560
28476169	618	653	transient outward potassium current	T044	C1148560
28476169	655	659	I to	T044	C1148560
28476169	665	699	inward rectifier potassium current	T044	C1148560
28476169	701	705	I K1	T044	C1148560
28476169	732	751	diacetyl-liensinine	T109,T121	C0214131
28476169	776	792	action potential	T043	C0001272
28476169	793	801	duration	T079	C0449238
28476169	816	830	repolarization	T043	C3268904
28476169	832	837	APD50	T043	C0001272
28476169	839	844	APD90	T043	C0001272
28476169	870	879	shortened	T080	C1282927
28476169	880	885	APD50	T043	C0001272
28476169	890	895	APD90	T043	C0001272
28476169	920	939	diacetyl-liensinine	T109,T121	C0214131
28476169	940	949	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28476169	954	959	ICa-L	T044	C3820933
28476169	961	963	IK	T044	C1148560
28476169	965	969	I to	T044	C1148560
28476169	974	977	IK1	T044	C1148560
28476169	983	996	concentration	T081	C1446561
28476169	999	1008	dependent	T080	C1701901
28476169	1042	1061	diacetyl-liensinine	T109,T121	C0214131
28476169	1073	1082	potential	T080	C3245505
28476169	1083	1104	anti-arrhythmic agent	T121	C0003195

28476271|t|Alcohol brief intervention in primary care: Blood pressure outcomes in hypertensive patients
28476271|a|In clinical trials alcohol brief intervention (BI) in adult primary care has been efficacious in reducing alcohol consumption, but we know little about its impact on health outcomes. Hypertension is a prevalent and costly chronic condition in the U.S. and worldwide, and alcohol use is a modifiable hypertension risk factor. To evaluate the effect of receiving BI for unhealthy drinking on blood pressure (BP) control among adult hypertensive patients by analyzing secondary data from a clustered, randomized controlled trial on alcohol screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT) implementation by primary care physicians (PCP intervention arm) and non-physician providers and medical assistants (NPP & MA intervention arm) in a large, integrated health care delivery system. Observational, prospective cohort study. 3811 adult hypertensive primary care patients screening positive for past-year heavy drinking at baseline, of which 1422 (37%) had an electronic health record BP measure at baseline and 18-month follow-up. Change in BP and controlled BP (systolic/diastolic BP <140/90 mmHg). Overall no significant associations were found between alcohol BI and BP change at 18-month follow-up when analyzing the combined sample of subjects in both intervention arms. However, moderation analyses found that receiving BI for positive past-year unhealthy drinking was positively associated with better BP control at 18months in the PCP intervention arm, and for those with lower heavy drinking frequency and poor BP control at the index screening. Our findings suggest that hypertensive patients may benefit from receiving physician brief intervention for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care. Findings also highlight potential population-level benefits of alcohol BI if widely applied, suggesting a need for the development of innovative strategies to facilitate SBIRT delivery in primary care settings.
28476271	0	26	Alcohol brief intervention	T058	C3494740
28476271	30	42	primary care	T058	C0033137
28476271	44	58	Blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28476271	59	67	outcomes	T033	C2015879
28476271	71	83	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
28476271	84	92	patients	T101	C0030705
28476271	96	111	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28476271	112	138	alcohol brief intervention	T058	C3494740
28476271	140	142	BI	T058	C3494740
28476271	147	152	adult	T100	C0001675
28476271	153	165	primary care	T058	C0033137
28476271	175	186	efficacious	T080	C1704419
28476271	190	198	reducing	T080	C0392756
28476271	199	218	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28476271	249	255	impact	T080	C4049986
28476271	259	274	health outcomes	T080	C0085415
28476271	276	288	Hypertension	T047	C0020538
28476271	315	332	chronic condition	T033	C4315615
28476271	340	344	U.S.	T083	C0041703
28476271	349	358	worldwide	T080	C2348867
28476271	364	375	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
28476271	392	404	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28476271	405	416	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28476271	434	440	effect	T080	C1280500
28476271	454	456	BI	T058	C3494740
28476271	461	479	unhealthy drinking	T055	C4303858
28476271	483	510	blood pressure (BP) control	T040	C1753303
28476271	517	522	adult	T100	C0001675
28476271	523	535	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
28476271	536	544	patients	T101	C0030705
28476271	548	572	analyzing secondary data	UnknownType	C0683944
28476271	580	589	clustered	T062	C0009085
28476271	591	618	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28476271	622	639	alcohol screening	T058	C0420032
28476271	641	659	brief intervention	T058	C0814459
28476271	664	685	referral to treatment	UnknownType	C0814457
28476271	687	692	SBIRT	T058	C1254363
28476271	694	708	implementation	T052	C1708476
28476271	712	735	primary care physicians	T097	C0033131
28476271	737	757	PCP intervention arm	T097	C0033131
28476271	763	786	non-physician providers	T097	C0027363
28476271	791	809	medical assistants	T097	C0334914
28476271	811	814	NPP	T097	C0027363
28476271	817	836	MA intervention arm	T097	C0334914
28476271	850	888	integrated health care delivery system	T093	C0282599
28476271	890	903	Observational	T062	C1518527
28476271	905	929	prospective cohort study	T062	C1709709
28476271	936	941	adult	T100	C0001675
28476271	942	954	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
28476271	955	976	primary care patients	T101	C0030705
28476271	977	986	screening	T058	C1710032
28476271	1000	1009	past-year	T079	C4086728
28476271	1010	1024	heavy drinking	T048	C0687132
28476271	1028	1036	baseline	T081	C1442488
28476271	1065	1089	electronic health record	T170	C2362543
28476271	1090	1092	BP	T040	C0005823
28476271	1104	1112	baseline	T081	C1442488
28476271	1117	1125	18-month	T079	C0439231
28476271	1126	1135	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28476271	1137	1149	Change in BP	T033	C1268766
28476271	1154	1167	controlled BP	T040	C1753303
28476271	1169	1190	systolic/diastolic BP	T032	C2704328
28476271	1199	1203	mmHg	T081	C0439475
28476271	1229	1241	associations	T080	C0439849
28476271	1261	1271	alcohol BI	T058	C3494740
28476271	1276	1285	BP change	T033	C1268766
28476271	1289	1297	18-month	T079	C0439231
28476271	1298	1307	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28476271	1346	1354	subjects	T098	C0080105
28476271	1363	1380	intervention arms	T097	C0027363
28476271	1432	1434	BI	T058	C3494740
28476271	1448	1457	past-year	T079	C4086728
28476271	1458	1476	unhealthy drinking	T055	C4303858
28476271	1492	1507	associated with	T080	C0332281
28476271	1515	1525	BP control	T040	C1753303
28476271	1529	1537	18months	T079	C0439231
28476271	1545	1565	PCP intervention arm	T097	C0033131
28476271	1592	1606	heavy drinking	T048	C0687132
28476271	1607	1616	frequency	T079	C0439603
28476271	1626	1636	BP control	T040	C1753303
28476271	1644	1659	index screening	T058	C1710032
28476271	1687	1699	hypertensive	T047	C0020538
28476271	1700	1708	patients	T101	C0030705
28476271	1713	1720	benefit	T081	C0814225
28476271	1736	1745	physician	T097	C0031831
28476271	1746	1764	brief intervention	T058	C0814459
28476271	1769	1790	unhealthy alcohol use	T055	C4303858
28476271	1794	1806	primary care	T058	C0033137
28476271	1842	1867	population-level benefits	T081	C0814225
28476271	1871	1881	alcohol BI	T058	C3494740
28476271	1978	1992	SBIRT delivery	T058	C1254363
28476271	1996	2008	primary care	T058	C0033137

28476381|t|Unusual asymptomatic presentation of bladder cancer metastatic to the penis
28476381|a|Penile metastasis is an extremely rare event and mainly originate from primary pelvic tumor sites such us urinary bladder, gastro-intestinal tract and prostate and more rarely from respiratory system, bone tumors and melanoma. Here we describe the unusual presentation of two bladder urothelial cancer metastatic to the penis with no relevant clinical symptoms. Namely, a 69 years-old man with a warthy lesions of the foreskin and the glans misunderstood for a condylomata that at histological and immunohistochemical analysis showed a bladder urothelial carcinoma; and a 71 years-old man with reddish skin lesion of the glans, a previous history of bladder and urethral carcinoma and histological pagetoid spread of urothelial cancer to the glans. Recurrent bladder urothelial carcinoma is usually a visceral disease that rarely presents as a superficial asymptomatic skin lesion. The two reported cases were asymptomatic superficial penis metastases with a relatively slow growth and a fairy good prognosis after conservative surgical approach. Accurate clinical examination of the penis is mandatory for males with history of bladder cancer.
28476381	0	7	Unusual	T080	C2700116
28476381	8	33	asymptomatic presentation	T047	C0275522
28476381	37	51	bladder cancer	T191	C0005695
28476381	52	75	metastatic to the penis	T191	C0347002
28476381	76	93	Penile metastasis	T191	C0347002
28476381	100	120	extremely rare event	T047	C0678236
28476381	155	161	pelvic	T023	C0030797
28476381	162	173	tumor sites	T082	C0475445
28476381	182	197	urinary bladder	T023	C0005682
28476381	199	222	gastro-intestinal tract	T022	C0017189
28476381	227	235	prostate	T023	C0033572
28476381	257	275	respiratory system	T022	C0035237
28476381	277	288	bone tumors	T191	C0005967
28476381	293	301	melanoma	T191	C0025202
28476381	324	331	unusual	T080	C2700116
28476381	332	344	presentation	T078	C0449450
28476381	352	377	bladder urothelial cancer	T191	C0751571
28476381	378	391	metastatic to	T169	C0036525
28476381	396	401	penis	T023	C0030851
28476381	407	436	no relevant clinical symptoms	T033	C0231221
28476381	479	486	lesions	T033	C0221198
28476381	494	516	foreskin and the glans	UnknownType	C0545925
28476381	537	548	condylomata	T047	C0302180
28476381	557	569	histological	T059	C0019637
28476381	574	602	immunohistochemical analysis	T059	C1441616
28476381	612	640	bladder urothelial carcinoma	T191	C2145472
28476381	670	677	reddish	T080	C1260956
28476381	678	702	skin lesion of the glans	T033	C2168434
28476381	715	733	history of bladder	T033	C0567322
28476381	738	756	urethral carcinoma	T191	C2145472
28476381	761	789	histological pagetoid spread	T033	C1335292
28476381	793	810	urothelial cancer	T191	C2145472
28476381	811	823	to the glans	T023	C0227948
28476381	825	863	Recurrent bladder urothelial carcinoma	T191	C0278827
28476381	877	885	visceral	T023	C0042779
28476381	886	893	disease	T047	C0012634
28476381	932	944	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28476381	945	956	skin lesion	T047	C0037284
28476381	975	998	cases were asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28476381	999	1027	superficial penis metastases	T191	C0347002
28476381	1064	1084	fairy good prognosis	T033	C0278250
28476381	1091	1121	conservative surgical approach	T169	C0449446
28476381	1132	1188	clinical examination of the penis is mandatory for males	T064	C0242803
28476381	1194	1219	history of bladder cancer	T033	C0567322

28476508|t|Risk Factors of Neurological Deterioration in Patients with Cerebral Infarction due to Large-Artery Atherosclerosis
28476508|a|In some patients with acute ischemic stroke, neurological deterioration (ND) is observed, and it is difficult to predict at the time of admission. Especially in some patients with large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), aggressive medical treatments and surgical interventions might be helpful to prevent ND. Therefore, we investigated factors associated with ND in patients with LAA. We studied patients with LAA who were admitted to our hospital. We divided them into 2 groups with (group 1) and without deterioration (group 2), and evaluated their medical records, risk factors, and radiological findings, such as number of diffusion - positive lesion and degree of stenosis. Our study population consisted of 171 patients; 71 (41.5%) did and 100 (58.5%) did not suffer deterioration. By univariate analysis, blood pressure (BP), heart rate, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, number of diffusion - positive lesion, count of red blood cell, high-density lipoprotein, and degree of stenosis differed significantly between the 2 groups. By multivariate analysis, systolic BP (≥170 mm Hg, odds ratio: 7.20, P <.001) was associated with ND. Furthermore, number of diffusion-weighted image (DWI)- positive lesion (≥8), degree of stenosis (>80.0%), and NIHSS score (≥4) were also independent factors associated with ND. High BP, severity of neurological deficit at the time of admission, and radiological findings, such as degree of stenosis and number of DWI - positive lesion, are independently associated with ND in patients with LAA.
28476508	0	12	Risk Factors	T033	C0035648
28476508	16	42	Neurological Deterioration	T184	C1536136
28476508	46	54	Patients	T101	C0030705
28476508	60	79	Cerebral Infarction	T047	C0007785
28476508	87	115	Large-Artery Atherosclerosis	T047	C2711237
28476508	124	132	patients	T101	C0030705
28476508	138	143	acute	T079	C0205178
28476508	144	159	ischemic stroke	T047	C0948008
28476508	161	187	neurological deterioration	T184	C1536136
28476508	189	191	ND	T184	C1536136
28476508	196	204	observed	T169	C1441672
28476508	216	225	difficult	T080	C0332218
28476508	229	236	predict	T078	C0681842
28476508	244	261	time of admission	T079	C3854259
28476508	282	290	patients	T101	C0030705
28476508	296	324	large-artery atherosclerosis	T047	C2711237
28476508	326	329	LAA	T047	C2711237
28476508	332	342	aggressive	T079	C0580822
28476508	343	361	medical treatments	T058	C0237726
28476508	366	388	surgical interventions	T058	C4035998
28476508	398	405	helpful	T080	C3898897
28476508	417	419	ND	T184	C1536136
28476508	435	447	investigated	T169	C1292732
28476508	448	455	factors	T169	C0014501
28476508	456	471	associated with	T080	C0332281
28476508	472	474	ND	T184	C1536136
28476508	478	486	patients	T101	C0030705
28476508	492	495	LAA	T047	C2711237
28476508	500	507	studied	T062	C2603343
28476508	508	516	patients	T101	C0030705
28476508	522	525	LAA	T047	C2711237
28476508	535	559	admitted to our hospital	T058	C0184666
28476508	564	571	divided	T169	C0332849
28476508	584	590	groups	T078	C0441833
28476508	597	602	group	T078	C0441833
28476508	618	631	deterioration	T046	C0234985
28476508	633	638	group	T078	C0441833
28476508	647	656	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28476508	663	678	medical records	T170	C0025102
28476508	680	692	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28476508	698	710	radiological	T077	C0929225
28476508	711	719	findings	T033	C0243095
28476508	739	748	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28476508	751	759	positive	T033	C1514241
28476508	760	766	lesion	T033	C0221198
28476508	771	789	degree of stenosis	T201	C4034225
28476508	795	811	study population	T098	C2348561
28476508	829	837	patients	T101	C0030705
28476508	878	884	suffer	T048	C0683278
28476508	885	898	deterioration	T046	C0234985
28476508	903	922	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28476508	924	938	blood pressure	T040	C0005823
28476508	940	942	BP	T040	C0005823
28476508	945	955	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28476508	957	1013	National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score	T033	C4269147
28476508	1025	1034	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28476508	1037	1045	positive	T033	C1514241
28476508	1046	1052	lesion	T033	C0221198
28476508	1054	1077	count of red blood cell	T059	C0014772
28476508	1079	1103	high-density lipoprotein	T116,T123	C0023821
28476508	1109	1127	degree of stenosis	T201	C4034225
28476508	1137	1150	significantly	T078	C0750502
28476508	1165	1171	groups	T078	C0441833
28476508	1176	1197	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28476508	1199	1210	systolic BP	T201	C0871470
28476508	1224	1234	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28476508	1255	1270	associated with	T080	C0332281
28476508	1271	1273	ND	T184	C1536136
28476508	1298	1322	diffusion-weighted image	T060	C0598801
28476508	1324	1327	DWI	T060	C0598801
28476508	1330	1338	positive	T033	C1514241
28476508	1339	1345	lesion	T033	C0221198
28476508	1352	1370	degree of stenosis	T201	C4034225
28476508	1385	1396	NIHSS score	T033	C4269147
28476508	1412	1423	independent	T078	C0085862
28476508	1424	1431	factors	T169	C0014501
28476508	1432	1447	associated with	T080	C0332281
28476508	1448	1450	ND	T184	C1536136
28476508	1452	1459	High BP	T047	C0020538
28476508	1461	1469	severity	T080	C0439793
28476508	1473	1493	neurological deficit	T033	C0521654
28476508	1501	1518	time of admission	T079	C3854259
28476508	1524	1536	radiological	T077	C0929225
28476508	1537	1545	findings	T033	C0243095
28476508	1555	1573	degree of stenosis	T201	C4034225
28476508	1588	1591	DWI	T060	C0598801
28476508	1594	1602	positive	T033	C1514241
28476508	1603	1609	lesion	T033	C0221198
28476508	1615	1628	independently	T033	C0243095
28476508	1629	1644	associated with	T080	C0332281
28476508	1645	1647	ND	T184	C1536136
28476508	1651	1659	patients	T101	C0030705
28476508	1665	1668	LAA	T047	C2711237

28476926|t|A helical segment makes potassium channels go-go
28476926|a|More than 500 variants in the KCNH2 gene, which encodes the cardiac human ether-a-go-go (hERG) ion channel, have been associated with sudden cardiac death, but only a subset of these variants have been investigated. Matthew D. Perry and colleagues now combine NMR spectroscopy and electrophysiological experiments to explore the functional properties of mutations within an overlooked hERG helix, finding important contributions to channel function.
28476926	2	9	helical	T082	C1704821
28476926	10	17	segment	T082	C0441635
28476926	24	48	potassium channels go-go	T116,T123	C1563386
28476926	63	71	variants	T028	C0678941
28476926	79	89	KCNH2 gene	T028	C1416572
28476926	97	104	encodes	T052	C2700640
28476926	109	116	cardiac	T082	C1522601
28476926	117	155	human ether-a-go-go (hERG) ion channel	T116,T123	C4308143
28476926	167	182	associated with	T080	C0332281
28476926	183	203	sudden cardiac death	T046	C0085298
28476926	232	240	variants	T028	C0678941
28476926	309	325	NMR spectroscopy	T060	C0877853
28476926	330	362	electrophysiological experiments	T060	C0850293
28476926	403	412	mutations	T045	C0026882
28476926	434	438	hERG	T116,T123	C4308143
28476926	439	444	helix	T082	C1704821
28476926	464	477	contributions	T052	C1880177
28476926	481	497	channel function	T043	C0022008

28477705|t|A quantitative method for the assessment of dysarthrophonia in myasthenia gravis
28477705|a|Speech and voice symptomatology (dysarthrophonia) are often reported by patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). However, they have been poorly investigated despite their significant impact on quality of life. Quantitative methods for the assessment of dysarthrοphonia could facilitate the evaluation of these common MG symptoms. The goal of this study was to investigate the phonatory (sustained phonation and reading) and speech (diadochokinesis) function in MG patients using quantitative measures. The voice / speech of 12 MG patients (7 with anti-AchR and 5 with anti-MuSK antibodies) and 24 age-matched healthy controls was recorded and analyzed using electroglottography (EGG) and speech acoustics. For the analysis of voice, the variables that were found to distinguish MG patients compared to healthy controls were a higher average fundamental frequency (P<0.05), a higher standard deviation of the average fundamental frequency (P<0.001), a higher mean fundamental frequency of the vibrating vocal folds (P<0.005) and a higher fundamental frequency range (P<0.005). The analysis of diadochokinesis showed that MG patients had a higher mean duration of the silent interval between a series of repetitive /pa/ syllables (P<0.05), of the sound /t/ (P=0.05) and of the silent interval between a series of repetitive /ka/syllables (P<0.05). No statistical differences were found in any of these variables between the MG subgroups with anti-AchR or anti-MuSK antibodies. This study demonstrates that non-invasive physiological methods (EGG and speech acoustics) offer essential tools for the assessment of dysarthrophonia in MG patients.
28477705	2	14	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28477705	15	21	method	T170	C0025663
28477705	30	40	assessment	T058	C0220825
28477705	44	59	dysarthrophonia	T184	C1457887
28477705	63	80	myasthenia gravis	T047	C0026896
28477705	81	87	Speech	T040	C0037817
28477705	92	97	voice	T040	C0042939
28477705	98	112	symptomatology	T184	C1457887
28477705	114	129	dysarthrophonia	T184	C1457887
28477705	141	152	reported by	T096	C1709908
28477705	153	161	patients	T101	C0030705
28477705	167	184	myasthenia gravis	T047	C0026896
28477705	186	188	MG	T047	C0026896
28477705	215	221	poorly	T080	C0205169
28477705	222	234	investigated	T169	C1292732
28477705	249	260	significant	T078	C0750502
28477705	261	267	impact	T080	C4049986
28477705	271	286	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28477705	288	300	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28477705	301	308	methods	T170	C0025663
28477705	317	327	assessment	T058	C0220825
28477705	331	346	dysarthrοphonia	T184	C1457887
28477705	368	378	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28477705	388	394	common	T081	C0205214
28477705	395	397	MG	T047	C0026896
28477705	398	406	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28477705	412	416	goal	T170	C0018017
28477705	438	449	investigate	T169	C1292732
28477705	454	463	phonatory	T042	C0031577
28477705	475	484	phonation	T042	C0031577
28477705	489	496	reading	T056	C0034754
28477705	502	508	speech	T040	C0037817
28477705	510	525	diadochokinesis	T033	C0278157
28477705	527	535	function	T039	C0031843
28477705	539	541	MG	T047	C0026896
28477705	542	550	patients	T101	C0030705
28477705	557	569	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28477705	570	578	measures	T081	C0079809
28477705	584	589	voice	T040	C0042939
28477705	592	598	speech	T040	C0037817
28477705	605	607	MG	T047	C0026896
28477705	608	616	patients	T101	C0030705
28477705	625	634	anti-AchR	T116,T129	C0236516
28477705	646	666	anti-MuSK antibodies	T059	C3203598
28477705	687	703	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28477705	736	755	electroglottography	T060	C1096366
28477705	757	760	EGG	T060	C1096366
28477705	766	782	speech acoustics	T081	C0037818
28477705	792	800	analysis	T169	C1524024
28477705	804	809	voice	T040	C0042939
28477705	815	824	variables	T080	C0439828
28477705	856	858	MG	T047	C0026896
28477705	859	867	patients	T101	C0030705
28477705	868	876	compared	T052	C1707455
28477705	880	896	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28477705	904	910	higher	T080	C0205250
28477705	919	940	fundamental frequency	T079	C0439603
28477705	953	959	higher	T080	C0205250
28477705	960	978	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28477705	986	993	average	T081	C1510992
28477705	994	1015	fundamental frequency	T079	C0439603
28477705	1029	1035	higher	T080	C0205250
28477705	1036	1040	mean	T081	C0444504
28477705	1041	1062	fundamental frequency	T079	C0439603
28477705	1070	1091	vibrating vocal folds	T023	C0042930
28477705	1108	1114	higher	T080	C0205250
28477705	1115	1136	fundamental frequency	T079	C0439603
28477705	1137	1142	range	T081	C1514721
28477705	1158	1166	analysis	T169	C1524024
28477705	1170	1185	diadochokinesis	T033	C0278157
28477705	1198	1200	MG	T047	C0026896
28477705	1201	1209	patients	T101	C0030705
28477705	1216	1222	higher	T080	C0205250
28477705	1223	1227	mean	T081	C0444504
28477705	1228	1236	duration	T079	C0449238
28477705	1244	1250	silent	T080	C0443304
28477705	1251	1259	interval	T079	C1272706
28477705	1270	1276	series	T081	C0205549
28477705	1280	1305	repetitive /pa/ syllables	T033	C2170441
28477705	1323	1328	sound	T070	C0037709
28477705	1353	1359	silent	T080	C0443304
28477705	1360	1368	interval	T079	C1272706
28477705	1379	1385	series	T081	C0205549
28477705	1389	1413	repetitive /ka/syllables	T033	C2170441
28477705	1427	1450	statistical differences	T081	C1705241
28477705	1478	1487	variables	T080	C0439828
28477705	1500	1502	MG	T047	C0026896
28477705	1503	1512	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28477705	1518	1527	anti-AchR	T116,T129	C0236516
28477705	1531	1551	anti-MuSK antibodies	T059	C3203598
28477705	1558	1563	study	T062	C2603343
28477705	1582	1594	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28477705	1595	1608	physiological	T169	C0205463
28477705	1609	1616	methods	T170	C0025663
28477705	1618	1621	EGG	T060	C1096366
28477705	1626	1642	speech acoustics	T081	C0037818
28477705	1650	1659	essential	T080	C0205224
28477705	1660	1665	tools	T073	C2827396
28477705	1674	1684	assessment	T058	C0220825
28477705	1688	1703	dysarthrophonia	T184	C1457887
28477705	1707	1709	MG	T047	C0026896
28477705	1710	1718	patients	T101	C0030705

28477843|t|Development and validation of an easy-to-use risk assessment tool for cumulative low back loading: The Lifting Fatigue Failure Tool (LiFFT)
28477843|a|Recent evidence suggests that musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) may be the result of a fatigue failure process in affected tissues. This paper describes a new low back exposure assessment tool (the Lifting Fatigue Failure Tool [LiFFT]), which estimates a " daily dose " of cumulative loading on the low back using fatigue failure principles. Only three variables are necessary to derive the cumulative load associated with a lifting task: the weight of the load, the maximum horizontal distance from the spine to the load, and the number of repetitions for tasks performed during the workday. The new tool was validated using two existing epidemiological databases: the Lumbar Motion Monitor (LMM) database, and a database from a U.S. automotive manufacturer. The LiFFT cumulative damage metric explained 92% of the deviance in low back disorders (LBDs) in the LMM database and 72-95% of the deviance in low back outcomes in the automotive database (depending on the outcome measure). Thus, LiFFT is practitioner friendly and its cumulative damage metric highly related to low back outcomes.
28477843	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
28477843	16	26	validation	T062	C1519941
28477843	45	65	risk assessment tool	T058	C0086930
28477843	81	89	low back	T023	C0230102
28477843	90	97	loading	T032	C1318107
28477843	103	131	Lifting Fatigue Failure Tool	T122	C0005479
28477843	133	138	LiFFT	T122	C0005479
28477843	170	195	musculoskeletal disorders	T047	C0026857
28477843	197	201	MSDs	T047	C0026857
28477843	226	233	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28477843	234	249	failure process	T169	C0231174
28477843	253	261	affected	T169	C0392760
28477843	262	269	tissues	T024	C0040300
28477843	298	315	low back exposure	T032	C1318107
28477843	316	331	assessment tool	T122	C0005479
28477843	337	365	Lifting Fatigue Failure Tool	T122	C0005479
28477843	367	372	LiFFT	T122	C0005479
28477843	396	406	daily dose	T081	C2348070
28477843	412	422	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28477843	423	430	loading	T032	C1318107
28477843	438	446	low back	T023	C0230102
28477843	453	460	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28477843	461	468	failure	T169	C0231174
28477843	469	479	principles	T078	C0178566
28477843	492	501	variables	T080	C0439828
28477843	530	540	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28477843	541	545	load	T032	C1318107
28477843	546	561	associated with	T080	C0332281
28477843	564	571	lifting	T052	C0206244
28477843	572	576	task	T057	C3540678
28477843	582	600	weight of the load	T081	C0043100
28477843	614	633	horizontal distance	T081	C0012751
28477843	643	648	spine	T023	C0037949
28477843	649	660	to the load	T032	C1318107
28477843	680	691	repetitions	T169	C0205341
28477843	696	711	tasks performed	T061	C0039333
28477843	723	730	workday	T079	C0680192
28477843	736	744	new tool	T122	C0005479
28477843	749	758	validated	T062	C1519941
28477843	778	793	epidemiological	T169	C1516907
28477843	794	803	databases	T170	C0242356
28477843	809	822	Lumbar Motion	T033	C0575375
28477843	809	830	Lumbar Motion Monitor	T033	C0575375
28477843	832	835	LMM	T033	C0575375
28477843	837	845	database	T170	C0242356
28477843	853	861	database	T170	C0242356
28477843	869	872	U.S	T083	C0041703
28477843	874	897	automotive manufacturer	T090	C3641679
28477843	903	908	LiFFT	T122	C0005479
28477843	909	933	cumulative damage metric	T058	C0558029
28477843	967	985	low back disorders	T184	C0024031
28477843	987	991	LBDs	T184	C0024031
28477843	1000	1012	LMM database	UnknownType	C0677336
28477843	1043	1060	low back outcomes	T080	C0085415
28477843	1068	1087	automotive database	T073	C0589476
28477843	1106	1121	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
28477843	1130	1135	LiFFT	T122	C0005479
28477843	1139	1160	practitioner friendly	T080	C0205556
28477843	1169	1179	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28477843	1180	1193	damage metric	T058	C0558029
28477843	1212	1229	low back outcomes	T080	C0085415

28478321|t|The bachelorette: Female Siamese fighting fish avoid males exposed to an estrogen mimic
28478321|a|Due to improper disposal and a lack of removal during the wastewater treatment process, endocrine disrupting chemicals enter aquatic ecosystems where they exert detrimental effects on fish behavior and physiology. Perhaps the most well-studied and prevalent EDC is 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), an active ingredient in oral contraceptives, which is known to cause dramatic reductions in male -typical behaviors. While it is likely that alterations in male courtship behavior decrease reproductive fitness, this is rarely explicitly examined. To this end, whether EE2 exposure reduces male attractiveness to female Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, was investigated by showing females video images of exposed and unexposed males. Females were randomly assigned to one of two exposure conditions (exposed to EE2, control) and each subject then viewed four different video combinations of male conspecifics (courting exposed + exposed; courting unexposed + unexposed; courting unexposed + exposed; swimming unexposed + exposed). Females, regardless of whether or not they were exposed to EE2, directed markedly less behavior towards exposed males, especially when they viewed an exposed male and an unexposed male simultaneously. These findings demonstrate that EE2 can have significant individual - and population-level consequences on fitness by disrupting sexual selection and, ultimately, the success of exposed males.
28478321	18	24	Female	T032	C0086287
28478321	25	46	Siamese fighting fish	T013	C0599049
28478321	47	52	avoid	T169	C0443288
28478321	53	58	males	T032	C0086582
28478321	59	69	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28478321	73	81	estrogen	T109,T121,T125	C0014939
28478321	82	87	mimic	T169	C0205245
28478321	95	103	improper	T080	C3827420
28478321	104	112	disposal	T052	C1707797
28478321	119	123	lack	T080	C0332268
28478321	127	134	removal	T052	C1883720
28478321	146	156	wastewater	T069	C3494254
28478321	157	174	treatment process	T169	C1522326
28478321	176	185	endocrine	T169	C0521425
28478321	186	196	disrupting	T080	C0332454
28478321	197	206	chemicals	T103	C0220806
28478321	213	231	aquatic ecosystems	T067	C0563034
28478321	261	268	effects	T080	C1280500
28478321	272	276	fish	T013	C0016163
28478321	277	285	behavior	T053	C0004927
28478321	290	300	physiology	T039	C0031843
28478321	336	345	prevalent	T081	C0220900
28478321	346	349	EDC	T103	C0220806
28478321	353	373	17α-ethinylestradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0015011
28478321	375	378	EE2	T109,T121,T125	C0015011
28478321	391	401	ingredient	T120	C1550600
28478321	405	424	oral contraceptives	T121	C0009905
28478321	459	469	reductions	T080	C0392756
28478321	473	477	male	T032	C0086582
28478321	487	496	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28478321	522	533	alterations	T078	C1515926
28478321	537	541	male	T032	C0086582
28478321	542	551	courtship	T054	C0237548
28478321	552	560	behavior	T053	C0004927
28478321	561	569	decrease	T081	C0547047
28478321	570	590	reproductive fitness	T045	C2717777
28478321	649	652	EE2	T109,T121,T125	C0015011
28478321	653	661	exposure	T080	C0332157
28478321	662	669	reduces	T080	C0392756
28478321	670	674	male	T032	C0086582
28478321	675	689	attractiveness	T032	C0871078
28478321	693	699	female	T032	C0086287
28478321	700	721	Siamese fighting fish	T013	C0599049
28478321	723	738	Betta splendens	T013	C0599049
28478321	744	756	investigated	T169	C1292732
28478321	768	775	females	T032	C0086287
28478321	776	781	video	T170	C3463807
28478321	782	788	images	T170	C1704922
28478321	792	799	exposed	T098	C2348484
28478321	804	813	unexposed	T098	C2349018
28478321	814	819	males	T032	C0086582
28478321	821	828	Females	T032	C0086287
28478321	866	874	exposure	T080	C0332157
28478321	875	885	conditions	T080	C0348080
28478321	887	897	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28478321	898	901	EE2	T109,T121,T125	C0015011
28478321	903	910	control	T096	C0009932
28478321	921	928	subject	T096	C0681850
28478321	941	945	four	T081	C0205450
28478321	946	955	different	T080	C1705242
28478321	956	961	video	T170	C3463807
28478321	962	974	combinations	T080	C0205195
28478321	978	982	male	T032	C0086582
28478321	983	995	conspecifics	T078	C1510537
28478321	997	1005	courting	T054	C0237548
28478321	1006	1013	exposed	T098	C2348484
28478321	1016	1023	exposed	T098	C2348484
28478321	1025	1033	courting	T054	C0237548
28478321	1034	1043	unexposed	T098	C2349018
28478321	1046	1055	unexposed	T098	C2349018
28478321	1057	1065	courting	T054	C0237548
28478321	1066	1075	unexposed	T098	C2349018
28478321	1078	1085	exposed	T098	C2348484
28478321	1087	1095	swimming	T056	C0039003
28478321	1096	1105	unexposed	T098	C2349018
28478321	1108	1115	exposed	T098	C2348484
28478321	1118	1125	Females	T032	C0086287
28478321	1166	1176	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28478321	1177	1180	EE2	T109,T121,T125	C0015011
28478321	1205	1213	behavior	T053	C0004927
28478321	1222	1229	exposed	T098	C2348484
28478321	1230	1235	males	T032	C0086582
28478321	1268	1275	exposed	T098	C2348484
28478321	1276	1280	male	T032	C0086582
28478321	1288	1297	unexposed	T098	C2349018
28478321	1298	1302	male	T032	C0086582
28478321	1303	1317	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
28478321	1351	1354	EE2	T109,T121,T125	C0015011
28478321	1364	1375	significant	T078	C0750502
28478321	1376	1386	individual	T081	C0205171
28478321	1393	1409	population-level	T098	C1257890
28478321	1410	1422	consequences	T169	C0686907
28478321	1426	1433	fitness	T078	C0031812
28478321	1437	1447	disrupting	T080	C0332454
28478321	1448	1464	sexual selection	T054	C0024909
28478321	1486	1493	success	T054	C0597535
28478321	1497	1504	exposed	T098	C2348484
28478321	1505	1510	males	T032	C0086582
28478321	1505	1510	males	T032	C0086582

28478464|t|Comparative analysis of macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in normal, glaucoma suspect and glaucomatous eyes by optical coherence tomography
28478464|a|Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness analysis is a subjective method of analysis of glaucomatous damage. As almost 50% of retinal ganglion cells are located in the macula, assessment of macular thickness can be an alternative method for diagnosis of glaucoma. To evaluate the changes in macular and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in controls, glaucoma suspects and glaucoma patients using time domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT). Macular and peripapillary RNFL scans were performed in one eye of 70 controls, 35 glaucoma suspect s and 70 glaucoma patients by TD-OCT. The discriminating power of each parameter between the groups was determined by area under the receiver operating characteristic (AROC) curve. The correlation of macula r thickness and RNFL thickness parameters with global field indices were also performed. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The differences in all the macula r thickness parameters between the groups were statistically significant (pless than 0.05) except foveal thickness (FT) and nasal inner (NI) quadrant thickness. The temporal outer (TO) macular quadrant produced largest AROC curve of 0.90 between controls and glaucoma patients. The differences in all the RNFL thickness parameters were highly significant between the groups (pless than 0.001). The AROC curve between control group and glaucoma patients for RNFL average thickness was 0.99. Macular thickness as detected by TD-OCT had high discriminating power between controls, glaucoma suspects and glaucoma patients comparable with peripapillary RNFL thickness parameters.
28478464	0	20	Comparative analysis	T062	C0683941
28478464	24	31	macular	T023	C0450295
28478464	36	49	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
28478464	50	75	retinal nerve fiber layer	T023	C1517753
28478464	76	85	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	97	113	glaucoma suspect	T047	C0017614
28478464	118	135	glaucomatous eyes	T047	C0017601
28478464	139	167	optical coherence tomography	T060	C2013322
28478464	168	181	Peripapillary	T082	C0442163
28478464	182	207	retinal nerve fiber layer	T023	C1517753
28478464	209	213	RNFL	T023	C1517753
28478464	215	224	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	225	233	analysis	T062	C0936012
28478464	239	268	subjective method of analysis	T060	C4067875
28478464	272	284	glaucomatous	T047	C0017601
28478464	285	291	damage	T169	C1883709
28478464	310	332	retinal ganglion cells	T025	C0035316
28478464	337	344	located	T082	C0332285
28478464	352	358	macula	T023	C0450295
28478464	360	370	assessment	T058	C0220825
28478464	374	381	macular	T023	C0450295
28478464	382	391	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	402	413	alternative	T077	C1523987
28478464	414	420	method	T170	C0025663
28478464	425	434	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28478464	438	446	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
28478464	451	459	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28478464	464	471	changes	T169	C0392747
28478464	475	482	macular	T023	C0450295
28478464	487	512	retinal nerve fiber layer	T023	C1517753
28478464	513	522	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	526	534	controls	T096	C0009932
28478464	536	553	glaucoma suspects	T047	C0017614
28478464	558	566	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
28478464	567	575	patients	T101	C0030705
28478464	582	622	time domain optical coherence tomography	T060	C2013322
28478464	624	630	TD-OCT	T060	C2013322
28478464	633	640	Macular	T023	C0450295
28478464	645	658	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
28478464	659	663	RNFL	T023	C1517753
28478464	664	669	scans	T060	C0441633
28478464	692	695	eye	T023	C0015392
28478464	702	710	controls	T096	C0009932
28478464	715	731	glaucoma suspect	T047	C0017614
28478464	741	749	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
28478464	750	758	patients	T101	C0030705
28478464	762	768	TD-OCT	T060	C2013322
28478464	803	812	parameter	T033	C0449381
28478464	825	831	groups	T078	C0441833
28478464	850	911	area under the receiver operating characteristic (AROC) curve	T081	C0376690
28478464	865	898	receiver operating characteristic	T081	C1527113
28478464	917	928	correlation	T080	C1707520
28478464	932	938	macula	T023	C0450295
28478464	941	950	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	955	959	RNFL	T023	C1517753
28478464	960	969	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	970	980	parameters	T033	C0449381
28478464	986	1006	global field indices	T201	C1720706
28478464	1028	1035	P-value	T081	C1709380
28478464	1069	1094	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28478464	1123	1129	macula	T023	C0450295
28478464	1132	1141	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	1142	1152	parameters	T033	C0449381
28478464	1165	1171	groups	T078	C0441833
28478464	1177	1202	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28478464	1228	1244	foveal thickness	T081	C4067878
28478464	1246	1248	FT	T081	C4067878
28478464	1254	1289	nasal inner (NI) quadrant thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	1295	1331	temporal outer (TO) macular quadrant	T082	C1631280
28478464	1349	1359	AROC curve	T081	C0376690
28478464	1376	1384	controls	T096	C0009932
28478464	1389	1397	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
28478464	1398	1406	patients	T101	C0030705
28478464	1435	1439	RNFL	T023	C1517753
28478464	1440	1449	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	1450	1460	parameters	T033	C0449381
28478464	1497	1503	groups	T078	C0441833
28478464	1528	1538	AROC curve	T081	C0376690
28478464	1565	1573	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
28478464	1574	1582	patients	T101	C0030705
28478464	1587	1591	RNFL	T023	C1517753
28478464	1600	1609	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	1620	1627	Macular	T023	C0450295
28478464	1628	1637	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	1653	1659	TD-OCT	T060	C2013322
28478464	1698	1706	controls	T096	C0009932
28478464	1708	1725	glaucoma suspects	T047	C0017614
28478464	1730	1738	glaucoma	T047	C0017601
28478464	1739	1747	patients	T101	C0030705
28478464	1764	1777	peripapillary	T082	C0442163
28478464	1778	1782	RNFL	T023	C1517753
28478464	1783	1792	thickness	T080	C1280412
28478464	1793	1803	parameters	T033	C0449381

28478603|t|Genetic Diversity in Various Accessions of Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.] Using ISSR and SSR Markers
28478603|a|Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 36 pineapple accessions that were introduced from 10 countries / regions. Thirteen ISSR primers amplified 96 bands, of which 91 (93.65%) were polymorphic, whereas 20 SSR primers amplified 73 bands, of which 70 (96.50%) were polymorphic. Nei's gene diversity (h = 0.28), Shannon's information index (I = 0.43), and polymorphism information content (PIC = 0.29) generated using the SSR primers were higher than that with ISSR primers (h = 0.23, I = 0.37, PIC = 0.24), thereby suggesting that the SSR system is more efficient than the ISSR system in assessing genetic diversity in various pineapple accessions. Mean genetic similarities were 0.74, 0.61, and 0.69, as determined using ISSR, SSR, and combined ISSR / SSR, respectively. These results suggest that the genetic diversity among pineapple accessions is very high. We clustered the 36 pineapple accessions into three or five groups on the basis of the phylogenetic trees constructed based on the results of ISSR, SSR, and combined ISSR / SSR analyses using the unweighted pair-group with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) method. The results of principal components analysis (PCA) also supported the UPGMA clustering. These results will be useful not only for the scientific conservation and management of pineapple germplasm but also for the improvement of the current pineapple breeding strategies.
28478603	0	17	Genetic Diversity	T070	C0042333
28478603	29	39	Accessions	T170	C1510755
28478603	43	52	Pineapple	T002	C0946573
28478603	54	79	Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.	T002	C0946573
28478603	87	91	ISSR	T114,T123	C0039290
28478603	96	99	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
28478603	100	107	Markers	T086	C0012872
28478603	108	136	Inter simple sequence repeat	T114,T123	C0039290
28478603	138	142	ISSR	T114,T123	C0039290
28478603	148	170	simple sequence repeat	T114,T123	C1519302
28478603	172	175	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
28478603	177	184	markers	T086	C0012872
28478603	209	226	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
28478603	233	242	pineapple	T002	C0946573
28478603	243	253	accessions	T170	C1510755
28478603	283	292	countries	T083	C0454664
28478603	295	302	regions	T083	C0017446
28478603	313	317	ISSR	T114,T123	C0039290
28478603	318	325	primers	T114	C0206415
28478603	326	335	amplified	T059	C1441475
28478603	372	383	polymorphic	T080	C1882417
28478603	396	399	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
28478603	400	407	primers	T114	C0206415
28478603	408	417	amplified	T059	C1441475
28478603	454	465	polymorphic	T080	C1882417
28478603	467	487	Nei's gene diversity	T170	C0282574
28478603	489	490	h	T170	C0282574
28478603	500	527	Shannon's information index	T170	C0918012
28478603	529	530	I	T170	C0918012
28478603	544	576	polymorphism information content	T170	C0282574
28478603	578	581	PIC	T170	C0282574
28478603	610	613	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
28478603	614	621	primers	T114	C0206415
28478603	649	653	ISSR	T114,T123	C0039290
28478603	654	661	primers	T114	C0206415
28478603	663	664	h	T170	C0282574
28478603	673	674	I	T170	C0918012
28478603	683	686	PIC	T170	C0282574
28478603	724	734	SSR system	T114,T123	C1519302
28478603	762	773	ISSR system	T114,T123	C0039290
28478603	787	804	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
28478603	816	825	pineapple	T002	C0946573
28478603	826	836	accessions	T170	C1510755
28478603	843	850	genetic	T169	C0314603
28478603	851	863	similarities	T080	C2348205
28478603	911	915	ISSR	T114,T123	C0039290
28478603	917	920	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
28478603	935	939	ISSR	T114,T123	C0039290
28478603	942	945	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
28478603	992	1009	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
28478603	1016	1025	pineapple	T002	C0946573
28478603	1026	1036	accessions	T170	C1510755
28478603	1054	1063	clustered	T062	C1881045
28478603	1071	1080	pineapple	T002	C0946573
28478603	1081	1091	accessions	T170	C1510755
28478603	1138	1156	phylogenetic trees	T080	C1519069
28478603	1193	1197	ISSR	T114,T123	C0039290
28478603	1199	1202	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
28478603	1217	1221	ISSR	T114,T123	C0039290
28478603	1224	1227	SSR	T114,T123	C1519302
28478603	1228	1236	analyses	T062	C0936012
28478603	1247	1309	unweighted pair-group with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) method	T170	C0025663
28478603	1326	1355	principal components analysis	T081	C0429865
28478603	1357	1360	PCA	T081	C0429865
28478603	1381	1386	UPGMA	T170	C0025663
28478603	1387	1397	clustering	T062	C1881045
28478603	1487	1496	pineapple	T002	C0946573
28478603	1497	1506	germplasm	T002	C4046074
28478603	1551	1560	pineapple	T002	C0946573
28478603	1561	1580	breeding strategies	T040	C4042898

28478636|t|Advanced age is not a barrier to creating a functional arteriovenous fistula: a retrospective study
28478636|a|Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the recommended form of vascular access for hemodialysis. However, controversy exists regarding whether AVFs are suitable for elderly patients. Single-center retrospective review to investigate the impact of age on AVF outcomes. Five hundred and twenty-five patients with AVF creation were stratified based on age <65, 65-75, and >75 years. AVF outcomes including primary failure, AVF patency (primary, secondary, and functional), and AVF complications were studied for 3 years following AVF creation. The cohort was 63% male, 44% Caucasian, and 55% had diabetes or cardiovascular disease. 39% were aged <65 years, 33% 65-75 years, and 28% were aged >75 years. No differences in rates of primary failure, loss of primary patency, complications, or need for intervention were observed between age groups. There was a significant association of age with secondary patency and functional patency, with age >75 being an independent risk factor for shortened lifespan of the fistula. For patients aged >75 years, secondary patency at 3 years was 64% compared to 75%-78% for younger patients. Functional patency at 2 years was 69% for those aged >75 years compared to 78%-81% for younger patients. We found no difference in AVF maturation, primary patency, complications, or interventions in those over the age of 75 compared to younger counterparts. While secondary and functional patency rates were significantly lower in those aged >75 years, the magnitude of difference is likely not clinically relevant. Therefore, we recommend that advanced age alone should not preclude patients from AVF creation.
28478636	0	12	Advanced age	T098	C1999167
28478636	22	29	barrier	T169	C0443288
28478636	44	54	functional	T169	C0205245
28478636	55	76	arteriovenous fistula	T020	C1541850
28478636	80	99	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28478636	100	122	Arteriovenous fistulas	T020	C1541850
28478636	124	128	AVFs	T020	C1541850
28478636	158	173	vascular access	T074	C0750138
28478636	178	190	hemodialysis	T061	C0019004
28478636	201	212	controversy	T054	C0680243
28478636	238	242	AVFs	T020	C1541850
28478636	260	267	elderly	T098	C0001792
28478636	268	276	patients	T101	C0030705
28478636	278	312	Single-center retrospective review	T062	C0035363
28478636	316	327	investigate	T169	C1292732
28478636	332	338	impact	T080	C4049986
28478636	342	345	age	T032	C0001779
28478636	349	352	AVF	T020	C1541850
28478636	353	361	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28478636	392	400	patients	T101	C0030705
28478636	406	409	AVF	T020	C1541850
28478636	410	418	creation	T052	C1706214
28478636	424	434	stratified	T080	C0205363
28478636	444	447	age	T032	C0001779
28478636	448	451	<65	T100	C0027362
28478636	453	458	65-75	T100	C0027362
28478636	464	467	>75	T100	C0027362
28478636	468	473	years	T079	C0439234
28478636	475	478	AVF	T020	C1541850
28478636	479	487	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28478636	498	505	primary	T080	C0205225
28478636	506	513	failure	T169	C0231174
28478636	515	518	AVF	T020	C1541850
28478636	519	526	patency	T042	C0042377
28478636	528	535	primary	T080	C0205225
28478636	537	546	secondary	T080	C0175668
28478636	552	562	functional	T169	C0205245
28478636	569	572	AVF	T020	C1541850
28478636	573	586	complications	T046	C0009566
28478636	606	611	years	T079	C0439234
28478636	622	625	AVF	T020	C1541850
28478636	626	634	creation	T052	C1706214
28478636	640	646	cohort	T098	C0599755
28478636	655	659	male	T098	C0025266
28478636	665	674	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
28478636	688	696	diabetes	T047	C0011847
28478636	700	722	cardiovascular disease	T047	C0007222
28478636	733	737	aged	T032	C0001779
28478636	738	741	<65	T100	C0027362
28478636	742	747	years	T079	C0439234
28478636	753	758	65-75	T100	C0027362
28478636	759	764	years	T079	C0439234
28478636	779	783	aged	T032	C0001779
28478636	784	787	>75	T100	C0027362
28478636	788	793	years	T079	C0439234
28478636	822	829	primary	T080	C0205225
28478636	830	837	failure	T169	C0231174
28478636	847	854	primary	T080	C0205225
28478636	855	862	patency	T042	C0042377
28478636	864	877	complications	T046	C0009566
28478636	891	903	intervention	T061	C0184661
28478636	926	936	age groups	T100	C0027362
28478636	962	973	association	T080	C0439849
28478636	977	980	age	T032	C0001779
28478636	986	995	secondary	T080	C0175668
28478636	996	1003	patency	T042	C0042377
28478636	1008	1018	functional	T169	C0205245
28478636	1019	1026	patency	T042	C0042377
28478636	1033	1036	age	T032	C0001779
28478636	1037	1040	>75	T100	C0027362
28478636	1062	1073	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28478636	1078	1087	shortened	T080	C1282927
28478636	1088	1096	lifespan	T079	C1254367
28478636	1117	1125	patients	T101	C0030705
28478636	1126	1130	aged	T032	C0001779
28478636	1131	1134	>75	T100	C0027362
28478636	1135	1140	years	T079	C0439234
28478636	1142	1151	secondary	T080	C0175668
28478636	1152	1159	patency	T042	C0042377
28478636	1165	1170	years	T079	C0439234
28478636	1203	1210	younger	T079	C0332239
28478636	1211	1219	patients	T101	C0030705
28478636	1221	1231	Functional	T169	C0205245
28478636	1232	1239	patency	T042	C0042377
28478636	1245	1250	years	T079	C0439234
28478636	1269	1273	aged	T032	C0001779
28478636	1274	1277	>75	T100	C0027362
28478636	1278	1283	years	T079	C0439234
28478636	1308	1315	younger	T079	C0332239
28478636	1316	1324	patients	T101	C0030705
28478636	1352	1355	AVF	T020	C1541850
28478636	1356	1366	maturation	T039	C1254042
28478636	1368	1375	primary	T080	C0205225
28478636	1376	1383	patency	T042	C0042377
28478636	1385	1398	complications	T046	C0009566
28478636	1403	1416	interventions	T061	C0184661
28478636	1435	1438	age	T032	C0001779
28478636	1442	1444	75	T100	C0027362
28478636	1457	1464	younger	T079	C0332239
28478636	1485	1494	secondary	T080	C0175668
28478636	1499	1509	functional	T169	C0205245
28478636	1510	1517	patency	T042	C0042377
28478636	1518	1523	rates	T081	C1521828
28478636	1558	1562	aged	T032	C0001779
28478636	1563	1566	>75	T100	C0027362
28478636	1567	1572	years	T079	C0439234
28478636	1666	1678	advanced age	T098	C1999167
28478636	1705	1713	patients	T101	C0030705
28478636	1719	1722	AVF	T020	C1541850
28478636	1723	1731	creation	T052	C1706214

28478867|t|Targeting accuracy of single-isocenter intensity-modulated radiosurgery for multiple lesions
28478867|a|To investigate the targeting accuracy of intensity-modulated SRS (IMRS) plans designed to simultaneously treat multiple brain metastases with a single isocenter. A home-made acrylic phantom able to support a film (EBT3) in its coronal plane was used. The phantom was CT scanned and three coplanar small targets (a central and two peripheral) were outlined in the Eclipse system. Peripheral targets were 6 cm apart from the central one. A reference IMRS plan was designed to simultaneously treat the three targets, but only a single isocenter located at the center of the central target was used. After positioning the phantom on the linac using the room lasers, a CBCT scan was acquired and the reference plan were mapped on it, by placing the planned isocenter at the intersection of the landmarks used in the film showing the linac isocenter. The mapped plan was then recalculated and delivered. The film dose distribution was derived using a cloud computing application (www.radiochromic.com) that uses a triple-channel dosimetry algorithm. Comparison of dose distributions using the gamma index (5%/1 mm) were performed over a 5 × 5 cm(2) region centered over each target. 2D shifts required to get the best gamma passing rates on the peripheral target regions were compared with the reported ones for the central target. The experiment was repeated ten times in different sessions. Average 2D shifts required to achieve optimal gamma passing rates (99%, 97%, 99%) were 0.7 mm (SD: 0.3 mm), 0.8 mm (SD: 0.4 mm) and 0.8 mm (SD: 0.3 mm), for the central and the two peripheral targets, respectively. No statistical differences (p > 0.05) were found for targeting accuracy between the central and the two peripheral targets. The study revealed a targeting accuracy within 1 mm for off- isocenter targets within 6 cm of the linac isocenter, when a single-isocenter IMRS plan is designed.
28478867	0	9	Targeting	T169	C1521840
28478867	10	18	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28478867	22	38	single-isocenter	T082	C1881275
28478867	39	58	intensity-modulated	T061	C1512814
28478867	59	71	radiosurgery	T061	C0085203
28478867	85	92	lesions	T033	C0221198
28478867	96	107	investigate	T169	C1292732
28478867	112	121	targeting	T169	C1521840
28478867	122	130	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28478867	134	153	intensity-modulated	T061	C1512814
28478867	154	157	SRS	T061	C0085203
28478867	159	163	IMRS	T061	C0085203
28478867	165	170	plans	T170	C0599880
28478867	213	218	brain	T023	C0006104
28478867	219	229	metastases	T046	C4255448
28478867	237	253	single isocenter	T082	C1881275
28478867	257	274	home-made acrylic	T122	C0001222
28478867	275	282	phantom	T073	C0282611
28478867	301	305	film	T167	C1561572
28478867	307	311	EBT3	T167	C1561572
28478867	320	333	coronal plane	T082	C0205123
28478867	348	355	phantom	T073	C0282611
28478867	360	370	CT scanned	T060	C0040405
28478867	396	403	targets	T169	C1521840
28478867	407	414	central	T082	C0205099
28478867	423	433	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28478867	456	470	Eclipse system	T061	C2363849
28478867	472	482	Peripheral	T082	C0205100
28478867	483	490	targets	T169	C1521840
28478867	516	523	central	T082	C0205099
28478867	541	545	IMRS	T061	C0085203
28478867	546	550	plan	T170	C0599880
28478867	598	605	targets	T169	C1521840
28478867	618	634	single isocenter	T082	C1881275
28478867	664	671	central	T082	C0205099
28478867	672	678	target	T169	C1521840
28478867	695	706	positioning	T082	C1550045
28478867	711	718	phantom	T073	C0282611
28478867	726	731	linac	T074	C0023730
28478867	742	746	room	T082	C1547703
28478867	747	753	lasers	T073	C0023089
28478867	757	766	CBCT scan	T060	C0040405
28478867	798	802	plan	T170	C0599880
28478867	808	814	mapped	T052	C1283195
28478867	845	854	isocenter	T082	C1881275
28478867	862	874	intersection	T078	C1555443
28478867	904	908	film	T167	C1561572
28478867	921	926	linac	T074	C0023730
28478867	927	936	isocenter	T082	C1881275
28478867	942	948	mapped	T052	C1283195
28478867	949	953	plan	T170	C0599880
28478867	963	975	recalculated	T052	C1441506
28478867	980	989	delivered	T169	C1705822
28478867	995	999	film	T167	C1561572
28478867	1000	1017	dose distribution	T061	C0087111
28478867	1038	1065	cloud computing application	T170	C3873720
28478867	1067	1087	www.radiochromic.com	T170	C3873720
28478867	1116	1125	dosimetry	T059	C0016103
28478867	1126	1135	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28478867	1151	1169	dose distributions	T061	C0087111
28478867	1180	1191	gamma index	T081	C1708185
28478867	1262	1268	target	T169	C1521840
28478867	1270	1279	2D shifts	T169	C0333051
28478867	1305	1310	gamma	T070	C0017011
28478867	1332	1342	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28478867	1343	1349	target	T169	C1521840
28478867	1403	1410	central	T082	C0205099
28478867	1411	1417	target	T169	C1521840
28478867	1423	1433	experiment	T062	C0681814
28478867	1470	1478	sessions	T061	C0481503
28478867	1488	1497	2D shifts	T169	C0333051
28478867	1526	1531	gamma	T070	C0017011
28478867	1641	1648	central	T082	C0205099
28478867	1661	1671	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28478867	1672	1679	targets	T169	C1521840
28478867	1748	1757	targeting	T169	C1521840
28478867	1758	1766	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28478867	1779	1786	central	T082	C0205099
28478867	1799	1809	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28478867	1810	1817	targets	T169	C1521840
28478867	1823	1828	study	T062	C2603343
28478867	1840	1849	targeting	T169	C1521840
28478867	1850	1858	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28478867	1880	1889	isocenter	T082	C1881275
28478867	1890	1897	targets	T169	C1521840
28478867	1917	1922	linac	T074	C0023730
28478867	1923	1932	isocenter	T082	C1881275
28478867	1941	1957	single-isocenter	T082	C1881275
28478867	1958	1962	IMRS	T061	C0085203
28478867	1963	1967	plan	T170	C0599880

28479016|t|The impact of rate of weight loss on body composition and compensatory mechanisms during weight reduction: A randomized control trial
28479016|a|Rapid weight loss (WL) has been associated with a larger loss of fat free mass and a disproportional reduction in resting metabolic rate (RMR), but the evidence is inconclusive. We aimed to evaluate the impact of WL rate on body composition and compensatory mechanisms activated with WL (reduced RMR, increased exercise efficiency (ExEff) and appetite), both during negative and neutral energy balance (EB). Thirty-five participants with obesity were randomized to lose a similar weight rapidly (4 weeks) or gradually (8 weeks), and afterwards to maintain it (4 weeks). Body weight and composition, RMR, ExEff (10, 25 and 50 W), appetite feelings and appetite-regulating hormones (active ghrelin, cholecystokinin, total peptide YY (PYY), active glucagon-like peptide-1 and insulin), in fasting and every 30 min up to 2.5 h, were measured at baseline and after each phase. Changes in body weight (≈9%) and composition were similar in both groups. With WL, RMR decreased and ExEff at 10 W increased significantly in the rapid WL group only. However, fasting hunger increased significantly with gradual WL only, while fasting and postprandial prospective food consumption, and postprandial hunger decreased (and postprandial fullness increased) significantly with rapid WL only. Basal total PYY, and basal and postprandial insulin decreased significantly, and similarly in both groups. After weight stabilization and no ketosis no differences between groups were found. Despite differences while under negative EB, WL rate does not seem to have a significant impact on body composition or on compensatory mechanisms, once EB is reestablished. NCT01912742 (the study was registered in clinicaltrial.gov).
28479016	4	10	impact	T080	C4049986
28479016	14	18	rate	T081	C1521828
28479016	22	33	weight loss	T033	C1262477
28479016	37	53	body composition	T032	C0005885
28479016	58	70	compensatory	T169	C0231186
28479016	71	81	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28479016	89	105	weight reduction	T033	C1262477
28479016	109	133	randomized control trial	T062	C0206035
28479016	134	139	Rapid	T080	C0456962
28479016	140	151	weight loss	T033	C1262477
28479016	153	155	WL	T033	C1262477
28479016	166	181	associated with	T080	C0332281
28479016	191	195	loss	T081	C1517945
28479016	199	212	fat free mass	T033	C0424679
28479016	219	244	disproportional reduction	T081	C0547047
28479016	248	270	resting metabolic rate	T040	C4082350
28479016	272	275	RMR	T040	C4082350
28479016	337	343	impact	T080	C4049986
28479016	347	349	WL	T033	C1262477
28479016	350	354	rate	T081	C1521828
28479016	358	374	body composition	T032	C0005885
28479016	379	391	compensatory	T169	C0231186
28479016	392	402	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28479016	418	420	WL	T033	C1262477
28479016	422	429	reduced	T080	C0392756
28479016	430	433	RMR	T040	C4082350
28479016	435	444	increased	T081	C0205217
28479016	445	453	exercise	T056	C0015259
28479016	454	464	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28479016	466	471	ExEff	T081	C0013682
28479016	477	485	appetite	T040	C0003618
28479016	500	508	negative	T033	C0205160
28479016	513	520	neutral	T080	C0205556
28479016	521	535	energy balance	T040	C0597987
28479016	537	539	EB	T040	C0597987
28479016	554	566	participants	T098	C0679646
28479016	585	595	randomized	T062	C0034656
28479016	599	620	lose a similar weight	T033	C1262477
28479016	621	628	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28479016	632	637	weeks	T079	C0439230
28479016	642	651	gradually	T080	C0439833
28479016	655	660	weeks	T079	C0439230
28479016	696	701	weeks	T079	C0439230
28479016	704	715	Body weight	T032	C0005910
28479016	720	731	composition	T032	C0005885
28479016	733	736	RMR	T040	C4082350
28479016	738	743	ExEff	T081	C0013682
28479016	763	771	appetite	T040	C0003618
28479016	772	780	feelings	T041	C1527305
28479016	785	813	appetite-regulating hormones	T116,T125	C0916615
28479016	815	829	active ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
28479016	831	846	cholecystokinin	T116,T121,T125	C0008328
28479016	848	864	total peptide YY	T116,T125	C0070358
28479016	866	869	PYY	T116,T125	C0070358
28479016	872	902	active glucagon-like peptide-1	T116	C0061355
28479016	907	914	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28479016	920	927	fasting	T033	C0015663
28479016	975	983	baseline	T081	C1442488
28479016	999	1004	phase	T079	C0205390
28479016	1006	1013	Changes	T169	C0392747
28479016	1017	1028	body weight	T032	C0005910
28479016	1039	1050	composition	T032	C0005885
28479016	1072	1078	groups	T078	C0441833
28479016	1085	1087	WL	T033	C1262477
28479016	1089	1092	RMR	T040	C4082350
28479016	1093	1102	decreased	T081	C0205216
28479016	1107	1112	ExEff	T081	C0013682
28479016	1121	1130	increased	T081	C0205217
28479016	1152	1157	rapid	T080	C0456962
28479016	1158	1160	WL	T033	C1262477
28479016	1161	1166	group	T078	C0441833
28479016	1182	1189	fasting	T033	C0015663
28479016	1190	1196	hunger	T184	C0020175
28479016	1197	1206	increased	T081	C0205217
28479016	1226	1233	gradual	T080	C0439833
28479016	1234	1236	WL	T033	C1262477
28479016	1249	1256	fasting	T033	C0015663
28479016	1261	1273	postprandial	T079	C0376674
28479016	1274	1302	prospective food consumption	T052	C2983605
28479016	1308	1320	postprandial	T079	C0376674
28479016	1321	1327	hunger	T184	C0020175
28479016	1328	1337	decreased	T081	C0205216
28479016	1343	1355	postprandial	T079	C0376674
28479016	1365	1374	increased	T081	C0205217
28479016	1395	1400	rapid	T080	C0456962
28479016	1401	1403	WL	T033	C1262477
28479016	1410	1415	Basal	T082	C0205112
28479016	1416	1425	total PYY	T116,T125	C0070358
28479016	1431	1436	basal	T082	C0205112
28479016	1441	1453	postprandial	T079	C0376674
28479016	1454	1461	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28479016	1462	1471	decreased	T081	C0205216
28479016	1509	1515	groups	T078	C0441833
28479016	1523	1529	weight	T032	C0005910
28479016	1530	1543	stabilization	T052	C0441655
28479016	1548	1558	no ketosis	T033	C2749744
28479016	1559	1573	no differences	T033	C3842396
28479016	1582	1588	groups	T078	C0441833
28479016	1609	1620	differences	T080	C1705242
28479016	1633	1641	negative	T033	C0205160
28479016	1642	1644	EB	T040	C0597987
28479016	1646	1648	WL	T033	C1262477
28479016	1649	1653	rate	T081	C1521828
28479016	1690	1696	impact	T080	C4049986
28479016	1700	1716	body composition	T032	C0005885
28479016	1723	1735	compensatory	T169	C0231186
28479016	1736	1746	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28479016	1753	1755	EB	T040	C0597987

28479259|t|Physical activity limits the effects of age and Alzheimer's disease on postural control
28479259|a|The aim was to study the possible influence of physical activity on the postural performance of subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The postural performance (i.e. surface area of the center of foot pressure displacement) of 3 groups was compared: Alzheimer active group (AA), Alzheimer non-active group (ANA) and healthy non-active group (HNA). The AA group's postural performance was superior to that of the ANA and HNA groups. AD disturbed postural performance but participation in regular physical activity made it possible to limit the disturbing effects of AD to a surprising extent, since the postural performance of active AD subjects was also superior to that of healthy subjects.
28479259	0	17	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
28479259	18	24	limits	T169	C0439801
28479259	29	39	effects of	T080	C1704420
28479259	40	43	age	T032	C0001779
28479259	48	67	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28479259	71	87	postural control	T042	C0683212
28479259	92	95	aim	T078	C1947946
28479259	122	131	influence	T077	C4054723
28479259	135	152	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28479259	160	168	postural	T169	C0205278
28479259	169	180	performance	T052	C1882330
28479259	184	192	subjects	T098	C2349001
28479259	198	217	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28479259	219	221	AD	T047	C0002395
28479259	228	236	postural	T169	C0205278
28479259	237	248	performance	T052	C1882330
28479259	255	267	surface area	T081	C4263416
28479259	275	311	center of foot pressure displacement	T082	C0012727
28479259	318	324	groups	T078	C0441833
28479259	329	337	compared	T052	C1707455
28479259	339	361	Alzheimer active group	T078	C0441833
28479259	363	365	AA	T078	C0441833
28479259	368	394	Alzheimer non-active group	T078	C0441833
28479259	396	399	ANA	T078	C0441833
28479259	405	429	healthy non-active group	T078	C0441833
28479259	431	434	HNA	T078	C0441833
28479259	441	451	AA group's	T098	C1257890
28479259	452	460	postural	T169	C0205278
28479259	461	472	performance	T052	C1882330
28479259	477	485	superior	T082	C1282910
28479259	501	504	ANA	T078	C0441833
28479259	509	519	HNA groups	T078	C0441833
28479259	521	523	AD	T047	C0002395
28479259	534	542	postural	T169	C0205278
28479259	543	554	performance	T052	C1882330
28479259	559	572	participation	T169	C0679823
28479259	576	583	regular	T080	C0205272
28479259	584	601	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28479259	622	627	limit	T169	C0439801
28479259	632	650	disturbing effects	T080	C1280500
28479259	654	656	AD	T047	C0002395
28479259	691	699	postural	T169	C0205278
28479259	700	711	performance	T052	C1882330
28479259	715	733	active AD subjects	T098	C0080105
28479259	743	751	superior	T082	C1282910
28479259	763	779	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335

28479312|t|A modified ESBL Nordmann/Dortet/Poirel-based protocol to optimize early sepsis management
28479312|a|We evaluated a modification of a colorimetric test recently described by Dortet et al. (2015) for the rapid detection of ESBL -producing Enterobacteriaceae directly from positive blood cultures that requires less manipulation, materials and hands-on time. The simplified protocol showed a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 95.7% respectively.
28479312	2	10	modified	T169	C0392747
28479312	11	15	ESBL	T116,T126	C0486433
28479312	11	53	ESBL Nordmann/Dortet/Poirel-based protocol	T059	C0022885
28479312	57	65	optimize	T052	C2698650
28479312	66	71	early	T079	C1279919
28479312	72	78	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28479312	79	89	management	T058	C0376636
28479312	93	102	evaluated	T169	C1292732
28479312	105	117	modification	T169	C0392747
28479312	123	140	colorimetric test	T059	C1531834
28479312	198	207	detection	T061	C1511790
28479312	211	215	ESBL	T116,T126	C0486433
28479312	227	245	Enterobacteriaceae	T007	C0014346
28479312	260	268	positive	T033	C1446409
28479312	269	283	blood cultures	T059	C0200949
28479312	303	315	manipulation	T059	C0022885
28479312	317	326	materials	T167	C0520510
28479312	340	344	time	T079	C0040223
28479312	361	369	protocol	T059	C0022885
28479312	379	390	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28479312	395	406	specificity	T081	C0037791

28479344|t|Characterization and antimicrobial evaluation of SpPR-AMP1, a proline-rich antimicrobial peptide from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain
28479344|a|Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is an important molecule in the innate immune system. Here, we report the cloning and functional studies of proline-rich AMPs (PR-AMPs) from the three species of mud crab: Scylla paramamosain, S. serrata, and the swimming crab Portunus pelagicus. The deduced peptides revealed that they contain the putative signal peptides and encode for mature peptides, which contain sequence architecture similar to a 6.5-kDa proline-rich AMP of the shore crab, Carcinus maenas which showed similarity with the bactenecin7. Tissue distribuction analysis indicated that the SpPR-AMP1 was expressed in a wide range of adult tissues, with the highest expression levels in the crab hemocyte. Challenge experiments showed that the levels of SpPR-AMP1 mRNA expression were up-regulated in the hemocyte after peptidoglycan stimulation. To evaluate the biological properties of mature SpPR-AMP1, peptides were chemically synthesized and recombinantly expressed. SpPR-AMP1 showed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus and Gram-negative bacteria Vibrio harveyi. The results indicate that the SpPR-AMP1 plays a role in crab immunity.
28479344	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
28479344	21	45	antimicrobial evaluation	T059	C3516522
28479344	49	58	SpPR-AMP1	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	62	74	proline-rich	T116,T123	C0033382
28479344	75	96	antimicrobial peptide	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	106	114	mud crab	T204	C0010260
28479344	115	134	Scylla paramamosain	T204	C1037475
28479344	135	156	Antimicrobial peptide	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	158	161	AMP	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	179	187	molecule	T167	C0567416
28479344	195	215	innate immune system	T032	C0020969
28479344	237	244	cloning	T059,T063	C0009017
28479344	249	259	functional	T169	C0205245
28479344	271	283	proline-rich	T116,T123	C0033382
28479344	284	288	AMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	290	297	PR-AMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	314	321	species	T185	C1705920
28479344	325	333	mud crab	T204	C0010260
28479344	335	354	Scylla paramamosain	T204	C1037475
28479344	356	366	S. serrata	T204	C0998271
28479344	376	389	swimming crab	T204	C0010260
28479344	390	408	Portunus pelagicus	T204	C1034475
28479344	422	430	peptides	T116	C0030956
28479344	431	439	revealed	T080	C0443289
28479344	471	486	signal peptides	T087	C0037081
28479344	491	497	encode	T052	C2700640
28479344	502	508	mature	T079	C0205286
28479344	509	517	peptides	T116	C0030956
28479344	555	562	similar	T080	C2348205
28479344	576	588	proline-rich	T116,T123	C0033382
28479344	589	592	AMP	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	600	610	shore crab	T204	C0998269
28479344	612	627	Carcinus maenas	T204	C0998269
28479344	641	651	similarity	T080	C2348205
28479344	661	672	bactenecin7	T116,T121	C0052891
28479344	674	694	Tissue distribuction	T169	C0220927
28479344	695	703	analysis	T062	C0936012
28479344	704	713	indicated	T033	C1444656
28479344	723	732	SpPR-AMP1	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	737	746	expressed	T045	C1171362
28479344	766	779	adult tissues	T024	C0040300
28479344	798	808	expression	T045	C1171362
28479344	823	827	crab	T204	C0010260
28479344	828	836	hemocyte	T025	C0019000
28479344	848	859	experiments	T062	C0681814
28479344	886	895	SpPR-AMP1	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	896	911	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28479344	917	929	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28479344	937	945	hemocyte	T025	C0019000
28479344	952	965	peptidoglycan	T109,T123	C0030958
28479344	966	977	stimulation	T070	C1948023
28479344	995	1005	biological	T080	C0205460
28479344	1006	1016	properties	T080	C0871161
28479344	1020	1026	mature	T079	C0205286
28479344	1027	1036	SpPR-AMP1	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	1038	1046	peptides	T116	C0030956
28479344	1052	1074	chemically synthesized	T070	C0007987
28479344	1079	1092	recombinantly	T063	C0017387
28479344	1093	1102	expressed	T045	C1171362
28479344	1104	1113	SpPR-AMP1	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	1128	1141	antibacterial	T195	C0279516
28479344	1142	1150	activity	T052	C0441655
28479344	1164	1186	Gram-positive bacteria	T007	C0018154
28479344	1187	1205	Micrococcus luteus	T007	C0085493
28479344	1210	1232	Gram-negative bacteria	T007	C0018150
28479344	1233	1247	Vibrio harveyi	T007	C1262461
28479344	1279	1288	SpPR-AMP1	T116,T121	C4084937
28479344	1305	1309	crab	T204	C0010260
28479344	1310	1318	immunity	T039	C0020964

28480148|t|The use of informativity in the development of robust viromics -based examinations
28480148|a|Metagenomics -based studies have provided insight into many of the complex microbial communities responsible for maintaining life on this planet. Sequencing efforts often uncover novel genetic content; this is most evident for phage communities, in which upwards of 90% of all sequences exhibit no similarity to any sequence in current data repositories. For the small fraction that can be identified, the top BLAST hit is generally posited as being representative of a viral taxon present in the sample of origin. Homology -based classification, however, can be misleading as sequence repositories capture but a small fraction of phage diversity. Furthermore, lateral gene transfer is pervasive within phage communities. As such, the presence of a particular gene may not be indicative of the presence of a particular viral species. Rather, it is just that: an indication of the presence of a specific gene. To circumvent this limitation, we have developed a new method for the analysis of viral metagenomic datasets. BLAST hits are weighted, integrating the sequence identity and length of alignments as well as a taxonomic signal, such that each gene is evaluated with respect to its information content. Through this quantifiable metric, predictions of viral community structure can be made with confidence. As a proof-of-concept, the approach presented here was implemented and applied to seven freshwater viral metagenomes. While providing a robust method for evaluating viral metagenomic data, the tool is versatile and can easily be customized to investigations of any environment or biome.
28480148	32	43	development	T169	C1527148
28480148	47	62	robust viromics	T028	C0042720
28480148	70	82	examinations	T062	C0242481
28480148	83	95	Metagenomics	T090	C2717799
28480148	158	179	microbial communities	T001	C0599840
28480148	196	227	maintaining life on this planet	T058	C0184640
28480148	229	239	Sequencing	T063	C0487717
28480148	268	283	genetic content	T028,T114	C0017272
28480148	310	327	phage communities	T005	C0004651
28480148	360	369	sequences	T059,T063	C0162801
28480148	399	407	sequence	T059,T063	C0162801
28480148	419	436	data repositories	T073	C3847505
28480148	446	460	small fraction	T081	C1264633
28480148	493	498	BLAST	T170	C2698333
28480148	533	547	representative	T052	C1882932
28480148	553	564	viral taxon	T170	C0597651
28480148	598	606	Homology	T080	C2697616
28480148	614	628	classification	T185	C0008902
28480148	660	681	sequence repositories	T170	C0026382
28480148	696	710	small fraction	T081	C1264633
28480148	714	729	phage diversity	T005	C0004651
28480148	744	751	lateral	T082	C0205093
28480148	752	765	gene transfer	T063	C1517499
28480148	769	778	pervasive	T082	C0205391
28480148	786	803	phage communities	T005	C0004651
28480148	832	847	particular gene	T028	C0017337
28480148	891	915	particular viral species	T005	C0042776
28480148	945	955	indication	T078	C3146298
28480148	977	990	specific gene	T028	C0017337
28480148	1011	1021	limitation	T169	C0449295
28480148	1062	1100	analysis of viral metagenomic datasets	T059	C3854164
28480148	1102	1107	BLAST	T170	C2698333
28480148	1127	1160	integrating the sequence identity	T170	C2359783
28480148	1165	1185	length of alignments	T063	C0080143
28480148	1199	1215	taxonomic signal	T169	C0008903
28480148	1227	1236	each gene	T028	C0017337
28480148	1270	1289	information content	T078	C1533716
28480148	1304	1323	quantifiable metric	T081	C0025867
28480148	1325	1336	predictions	T078	C0681842
28480148	1340	1355	viral community	T001	C1956108
28480148	1400	1416	proof-of-concept	T078	C1254370
28480148	1450	1461	implemented	T052	C1708476
28480148	1483	1511	freshwater viral metagenomes	T028	C2717745
28480148	1531	1544	robust method	T080	C2986815
28480148	1560	1582	viral metagenomic data	T090	C2717799
28480148	1588	1592	tool	T170	C0037589
28480148	1596	1605	versatile	T080	C0205556
28480148	1624	1634	customized	T052	C1880202
28480148	1638	1652	investigations	T058	C1261322
28480148	1660	1671	environment	T082	C0014406
28480148	1675	1680	biome	T001	C1956108

28480413|t|PRESENCE OF CITRININ IN GRAINS AND ITS POSSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS
28480413|a|Citrinin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus and it occurs mainly in stored grain. Citrinin is generally formed after harvest and occurs mainly in stored grains, it also occurs in other plant products. Often, the co-occurrence with other mycotoxins is observed, especially ochratoxin A, which is usually associated with endemic nephropathy. At the European Union level, systematic monitoring of Citrinin in grains began with the aim of determining its highest permissible amount in food. Thus, far the systematic monitoring of the above mentioned mycotoxin in Croatia is yet to begin. The main goal of this study was to determine the presence of Citrinin in grains sampled in the area of Međimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Vukovar-Srijem and Brod-Posavina County. For the purpose of identification and quantification of citrinin, high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) with fluorescence was used (Calibration curve k > 0.999; Intra assay CV = 2.1%; Inter assay CV = 4.3%; LOQ < 1 μg/kg). From the area of Međimurje County, 10 samples of corn and 10 samples of wheat were analyzed. None of the samples contained Citrinin (<1 μg/kg). From the area of Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem County, 15 samples from each County were analyzed. The mean value for the samples of Osijek-Baranja County was 19.63 μg/kg (median =15.8 μg/kg), while for Vukovar-Srijem County the mean value of citrinin was 14,6 μg/kg (median =1.23 μg/kg). From 5 analyzed samples from Brod-Posavina County, one of the samples contained citrinin in the amount of 23.8 μg/kg, while the registered amount s in the other samples were <1 μg/kg. The results show that grains from several Counties contain certain amounts of Citrinin possibly indicating a significant intake of citrinin in humans. It must be stated that grains and grain-based products are the basis of everyday diet of all age groups, especially small children, where higher intake of citrinin can occur. Consequently, we emphasize the need for systematic analysis of larger amount of samples, from both large grains and small grains, especially in the area of Brod-Posavina County, in order to obtain more realistic notion of citrinin contamination of grains and to asses the health risk in humans.
28480413	0	11	PRESENCE OF	T033	C0150312
28480413	12	20	CITRININ	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	24	30	GRAINS	T168	C0007757
28480413	39	47	POSSIBLE	T033	C0332149
28480413	48	54	HEALTH	T078	C0018684
28480413	55	62	EFFECTS	T080	C1280500
28480413	63	71	Citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	77	86	mycotoxin	T109,T131	C0026955
28480413	87	95	produced	T169	C0205245
28480413	107	114	species	T185	C1705920
28480413	122	140	genera Aspergillus	T004	C0004034
28480413	142	153	Penicillium	T004	C0030843
28480413	158	166	Monascus	T004	C0997448
28480413	174	180	occurs	T052	C1709305
28480413	191	203	stored grain	T168	C0007757
28480413	205	213	Citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	227	233	formed	T169	C0205431
28480413	240	247	harvest	T169	C0205245
28480413	252	258	occurs	T052	C1709305
28480413	269	282	stored grains	T168	C0007757
28480413	292	298	occurs	T052	C1709305
28480413	302	322	other plant products	UnknownType	C0541488
28480413	335	348	co-occurrence	T079	C2745955
28480413	360	370	mycotoxins	T109,T131	C0026955
28480413	374	382	observed	T169	C1441672
28480413	395	407	ochratoxin A	T109,T121	C0069299
28480413	426	441	associated with	T080	C0332281
28480413	442	461	endemic nephropathy	T047	C0004698
28480413	470	484	European Union	T092	C0015179
28480413	485	490	level	T080	C0441889
28480413	492	502	systematic	T169	C0220922
28480413	503	513	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28480413	517	525	Citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	529	535	grains	T168	C0007757
28480413	551	554	aim	T078	C1947946
28480413	558	569	determining	T080	C0205556
28480413	582	600	permissible amount	T081	C1265611
28480413	604	608	food	T168	C0016452
28480413	624	634	systematic	T169	C0220922
28480413	635	645	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28480413	653	678	above mentioned mycotoxin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	682	689	Croatia	T083	C0010343
28480413	700	705	begin	T079	C0439659
28480413	711	720	main goal	T170	C0018017
28480413	729	734	study	T062	C2603343
28480413	742	751	determine	T080	C0205556
28480413	756	767	presence of	T033	C0150312
28480413	768	776	Citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	780	786	grains	T168	C0007757
28480413	787	794	sampled	T078	C0870078
28480413	802	806	area	T082	C0205146
28480413	810	819	Međimurje	T083	C0079170
28480413	821	835	Osijek-Baranja	T083	C0079170
28480413	837	851	Vukovar-Srijem	T083	C0079170
28480413	856	876	Brod-Posavina County	T083	C0079170
28480413	886	893	purpose	T169	C1285529
28480413	897	911	identification	T080	C0205396
28480413	916	930	quantification	T081	C1709793
28480413	934	942	citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	944	1006	high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) with fluorescence	T059	C4054775
28480413	1011	1015	used	T033	C1273517
28480413	1017	1034	Calibration curve	T081	C0006751
28480413	1046	1060	Intra assay CV	T170	C3176771
28480413	1069	1083	Inter assay CV	T170	C3176771
28480413	1092	1095	LOQ	T081	C1709793
28480413	1117	1121	area	T082	C0205146
28480413	1125	1141	Međimurje County	T083	C0079170
28480413	1146	1153	samples	T167	C0370003
28480413	1157	1161	corn	T168	C1138842
28480413	1169	1176	samples	T167	C0370003
28480413	1180	1185	wheat	T168	C0043137
28480413	1191	1199	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28480413	1213	1220	samples	T167	C0370003
28480413	1221	1230	contained	T052	C2700400
28480413	1231	1239	Citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	1261	1265	area	T082	C0205146
28480413	1269	1283	Osijek-Baranja	T083	C0079170
28480413	1288	1309	Vukovar-Srijem County	T083	C0079170
28480413	1314	1321	samples	T167	C0370003
28480413	1332	1338	County	T083	C0079170
28480413	1344	1352	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28480413	1358	1368	mean value	T081	C0444504
28480413	1377	1384	samples	T167	C0370003
28480413	1388	1409	Osijek-Baranja County	T083	C0079170
28480413	1427	1433	median	T081	C2348144
28480413	1458	1479	Vukovar-Srijem County	T083	C0079170
28480413	1484	1494	mean value	T081	C0444504
28480413	1498	1506	citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	1523	1529	median	T081	C2348144
28480413	1551	1559	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28480413	1560	1567	samples	T167	C0370003
28480413	1573	1593	Brod-Posavina County	T083	C0079170
28480413	1606	1613	samples	T167	C0370003
28480413	1614	1623	contained	T052	C2700400
28480413	1624	1632	citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	1640	1646	amount	T081	C1265611
28480413	1672	1682	registered	T058	C1514821
28480413	1683	1689	amount	T081	C1265611
28480413	1705	1712	samples	T167	C0370003
28480413	1732	1739	results	T169	C1274040
28480413	1750	1756	grains	T168	C0007757
28480413	1762	1769	several	T081	C0439064
28480413	1770	1778	Counties	T083	C0079170
28480413	1779	1786	contain	T052	C2700400
28480413	1795	1802	amounts	T081	C1265611
28480413	1806	1814	Citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	1824	1834	indicating	T033	C1444656
28480413	1837	1848	significant	T078	C0750502
28480413	1849	1855	intake	T169	C1512806
28480413	1859	1867	citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	1871	1877	humans	T016	C0086418
28480413	1902	1908	grains	T168	C0007757
28480413	1913	1933	grain-based products	T168	C0016452
28480413	1951	1959	everyday	T079	C0332173
28480413	1960	1964	diet	T168	C0012155
28480413	1972	1982	age groups	T100	C0027362
28480413	1995	2009	small children	T100	C0008059
28480413	2017	2023	higher	T080	C0205250
28480413	2024	2030	intake	T169	C1512806
28480413	2034	2042	citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	2047	2052	occur	T052	C1709305
28480413	2071	2080	emphasize	T080	C0205556
28480413	2094	2104	systematic	T169	C0220922
28480413	2105	2113	analysis	T062	C0936012
28480413	2117	2130	larger amount	T081	C1265611
28480413	2134	2141	samples	T167	C0370003
28480413	2153	2165	large grains	T168	C0007757
28480413	2170	2182	small grains	T168	C0007757
28480413	2202	2206	area	T082	C0205146
28480413	2210	2230	Brod-Posavina County	T083	C0079170
28480413	2276	2284	citrinin	T109,T123,T195	C0008861
28480413	2285	2298	contamination	T078	C2349974
28480413	2302	2308	grains	T168	C0007757
28480413	2316	2321	asses	T052	C1516048
28480413	2326	2332	health	T078	C0018684
28480413	2333	2337	risk	T078	C0035647
28480413	2341	2347	humans	T016	C0086418

28480570|t|In vitro antifungal, probiotic, and antioxidant functional properties of a novel Lactobacillus paraplantarum isolated from fermented dates in Saudi Arabia
28480570|a|Fermented foods produced using dates are used in Gulf countries as beneficial and healthful foods. The beneficial microbial flora in fermented dates contributes to maintaining the nutritional properties of dates by preventing the growth of spoilage fungi. Here, we examined the antifungal, probiotic, and antioxidant properties of the novel Lactobacillus strain D-3 isolated from fermented dates. Analyzing the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of this strain demonstrated that it was similar to Lactobacillus species, and molecular level amplification of the 16S rRNA gene showed that it belonged to Lactobacillus paraplantarum. Under shake flask cultivation using date juice, the strain produced significant amounts of ethanol and lactic, succinic, and acetic acids. Purification of benzoic acid extracted from the extracellular fermentation medium was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared and mass spectral data revealed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 10, 20, 10, 5, and 10 mg mL(-1) for Aspergillus fumigates, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Gibberella moniliformis, and Penicillium chrysogenum, respectively. The strain showed several advantages, including the ability to survive under conditions similar to the gastrointestinal tract (low pH, bile salts, and antimicrobial susceptibility) and high levels of extracellular enzyme activities. The strain's growth patterns under various concentrations of H2 O2 and its scavenging properties towards hydroxyl radical (64.85%) and DPPH (84.97%) were also interesting properties. The antifungal, probiotic, and antioxidant properties of L. paraplantarum D3 may provide health benefits to consumers.
28480570	0	8	In vitro	T062	C0681828
28480570	9	19	antifungal	UnknownType	C0718566
28480570	21	30	probiotic	T121	C1445707
28480570	36	47	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28480570	48	58	functional	T169	C0205245
28480570	59	69	properties	T080	C0871161
28480570	75	80	novel	T080	C0205314
28480570	81	108	Lactobacillus paraplantarum	T007	C1022278
28480570	109	117	isolated	T169	C0205409
28480570	123	132	fermented	T168	C1827145
28480570	133	138	dates	T168	C2348077
28480570	142	154	Saudi Arabia	T083	C0036243
28480570	155	170	Fermented foods	T168	C1827145
28480570	186	191	dates	T168	C2348077
28480570	204	218	Gulf countries	T083	C3829919
28480570	237	252	healthful foods	T168	C0016452
28480570	269	284	microbial flora	T001	C0445623
28480570	288	303	fermented dates	T168	C1827145
28480570	304	315	contributes	T052	C1880177
28480570	319	330	maintaining	T169	C1314677
28480570	335	346	nutritional	T080	C1521739
28480570	347	357	properties	T080	C0871161
28480570	361	366	dates	T168	C2348077
28480570	370	380	preventing	T169	C1292733
28480570	385	391	growth	T043	C0007595
28480570	395	409	spoilage fungi	T004	C0016832
28480570	420	428	examined	T033	C0332128
28480570	433	443	antifungal	UnknownType	C0718566
28480570	445	454	probiotic	T121	C1445707
28480570	460	471	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28480570	472	482	properties	T080	C0871161
28480570	490	495	novel	T080	C0205314
28480570	496	520	Lactobacillus strain D-3	T007	C1265210
28480570	521	529	isolated	T169	C0205409
28480570	535	550	fermented dates	T168	C1827145
28480570	566	579	morphological	T082	C0543482
28480570	581	594	physiological	T169	C0205463
28480570	600	611	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28480570	612	627	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28480570	636	642	strain	T007	C0022938
28480570	679	700	Lactobacillus species	T007	C1265210
28480570	706	735	molecular level amplification	T045	C0017256
28480570	743	751	16S rRNA	T114	C3537372
28480570	752	756	gene	T028	C0017337
28480570	784	811	Lactobacillus paraplantarum	T007	C1022278
28480570	819	842	shake flask cultivation	T059	C3179108
28480570	849	859	date juice	T168	C1268568
28480570	865	871	strain	T007	C0022938
28480570	904	911	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28480570	916	922	lactic	T109,T121,T123	C0064582
28480570	924	932	succinic	T109,T121	C0075429
28480570	938	950	acetic acids	T109,T121,T130	C0000983
28480570	952	964	Purification	T059	C3830282
28480570	968	980	benzoic acid	T109,T121	C0053225
28480570	1000	1013	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28480570	1014	1026	fermentation	T044	C0015852
28480570	1027	1033	medium	T130	C0010454
28480570	1051	1077	nuclear magnetic resonance	T060	C0877853
28480570	1079	1082	NMR	T060	C0877853
28480570	1089	1097	infrared	T059	C0037807
28480570	1102	1115	mass spectral	T059	C0037813
28480570	1116	1120	data	T078	C1511726
28480570	1121	1129	revealed	T080	C0443289
28480570	1130	1162	minimum inhibitory concentration	T059	C0427978
28480570	1164	1167	MIC	T059	C0427978
28480570	1215	1236	Aspergillus fumigates	T004	C0004037
28480570	1238	1255	Curvularia lunata	T004	C0320079
28480570	1257	1275	Fusarium oxysporum	T004	C0259898
28480570	1277	1300	Gibberella moniliformis	T004	C1056091
28480570	1306	1329	Penicillium chrysogenum	T004	C0030844
28480570	1349	1355	strain	T007	C0022938
28480570	1397	1404	ability	T032	C0085732
28480570	1408	1415	survive	T043	C0007620
28480570	1448	1470	gastrointestinal tract	T022	C0017189
28480570	1472	1478	low pH	T033	C0728725
28480570	1480	1490	bile salts	T109,T123	C0005404
28480570	1496	1524	antimicrobial susceptibility	T033	C0427965
28480570	1545	1558	extracellular	T026	C0521119
28480570	1559	1576	enzyme activities	T044	C0243102
28480570	1582	1590	strain's	T007	C0022938
28480570	1591	1606	growth patterns	T033	C1156245
28480570	1621	1635	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28480570	1639	1644	H2 O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28480570	1653	1674	scavenging properties	T044	C2752369
28480570	1683	1699	hydroxyl radical	T197	C0063146
28480570	1713	1717	DPPH	T109,T130	C0045305
28480570	1749	1759	properties	T080	C0871161
28480570	1765	1775	antifungal	UnknownType	C0718566
28480570	1777	1786	probiotic	T121	C1445707
28480570	1792	1803	antioxidant	T121	C0003402
28480570	1804	1814	properties	T080	C0871161
28480570	1818	1837	L. paraplantarum D3	T007	C1022278
28480570	1850	1865	health benefits	T081	C0086387
28480570	1869	1878	consumers	T098	C1707496

28481004|t|Tips and Pitfalls in Direct Ligation of Large Spontaneous Splenorenal Shunt during Liver Transplantation
28481004|a|Patients with large spontaneous splenorenal shunt (SRS) prove challenging during liver transplantation (LT), irrespective of organizing portal vein (PV) thrombosis. Here, we detail the clinical outcomes of 26 patients who underwent direct ligation of large SRS during LT. Direct ligation of large SRS was applied in poor portal flow during LT. We performed temporary test clamping of the SRS before direct ligation and applied PV pressure monitoring in patients who showed signs of portal hypertension, such as bowel edema. We retrospectively reviewed and evaluated their clinical outcomes. Among 843 patients who underwent LT between 2010 and 2015, 26 (3.9%) underwent direct ligation of SRS without any intraoperative event. Mean preoperative MELD score was 16.7±9.0. The main PV diameter on preoperative computed tomography was 8.3±3.4 mm (range, 3.0-14.0 mm). SRS was easily identified at just below the distal pancreas and beside the inferior mesenteric vein in all patients. Accompanying PV thrombectomy was done in 42.3% of patients. Among 26 patients, massive and prolonged ascites was evident in 15.4% (n = 4) postoperatively. They were all living donor LT recipients with a small PV diameter (4.0-6.7 mm). Except for one patient who underwent splenic artery embolization, ascites was tolerable and well controlled by conservative management. There was a 7.7% rate of major complications related to direct ligation, including reoperation due to combined ligation of SRS along with a left renal vein at the confluence. Except for one hospital mortality due to sepsis, 25 patients (96.2%) are alive with no evidence of further PV complications. In conclusion, direct ligation of large SRS during LT is a safe and feasible method to overcome the effects of a large SRS. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28481004	0	4	Tips	T080	C0205556
28481004	9	17	Pitfalls	T080	C0205556
28481004	21	36	Direct Ligation	T061	C0023690
28481004	40	45	Large	T081	C0549177
28481004	46	75	Spontaneous Splenorenal Shunt	T074	C0542331
28481004	83	104	Liver Transplantation	T061	C0023911
28481004	105	113	Patients	T101	C0030705
28481004	119	124	large	T170	C1718072
28481004	125	154	spontaneous splenorenal shunt	T074	C0542331
28481004	156	159	SRS	T074	C0542331
28481004	186	207	liver transplantation	T061	C0023911
28481004	209	211	LT	T061	C0023911
28481004	230	240	organizing	T169	C1300196
28481004	241	268	portal vein (PV) thrombosis	T047	C0155773
28481004	279	285	detail	T080	C1522508
28481004	290	307	clinical outcomes	T033	C0243095
28481004	314	322	patients	T101	C0030705
28481004	337	352	direct ligation	T061	C0023690
28481004	356	361	large	T170	C1718072
28481004	362	365	SRS	T074	C0542331
28481004	373	375	LT	T061	C0023911
28481004	377	392	Direct ligation	T061	C0023690
28481004	396	401	large	T170	C1718072
28481004	402	405	SRS	T074	C0542331
28481004	410	417	applied	T169	C4048755
28481004	421	437	poor portal flow	T033	C1558963
28481004	445	447	LT	T061	C0023911
28481004	452	461	performed	T169	C0884358
28481004	462	476	temporary test	T059	C0022885
28481004	477	485	clamping	T061	C0521213
28481004	493	496	SRS	T074	C0542331
28481004	504	519	direct ligation	T061	C0023690
28481004	524	531	applied	T169	C4048755
28481004	532	534	PV	T023	C0032718
28481004	535	543	pressure	T040	C0005823
28481004	544	554	monitoring	T062	C1516647
28481004	558	566	patients	T101	C0030705
28481004	587	606	portal hypertension	T047	C0020541
28481004	616	627	bowel edema	T184	C0013604
28481004	632	647	retrospectively	T062	C0035363
28481004	648	656	reviewed	T170	C0282443
28481004	661	670	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28481004	677	694	clinical outcomes	T033	C0243095
28481004	706	714	patients	T101	C0030705
28481004	729	731	LT	T061	C0023911
28481004	775	790	direct ligation	T061	C0023690
28481004	794	797	SRS	T074	C0542331
28481004	810	824	intraoperative	T079	C0456904
28481004	825	830	event	T051	C0441471
28481004	832	836	Mean	T081	C0444504
28481004	837	849	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28481004	850	860	MELD score	T170	C1718072
28481004	879	883	main	T080	C1542147
28481004	884	886	PV	T023	C0032718
28481004	887	895	diameter	T081	C1301886
28481004	899	911	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28481004	912	931	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28481004	969	972	SRS	T074	C0542331
28481004	984	994	identified	T080	C0205396
28481004	1013	1028	distal pancreas	T023	C0030274
28481004	1044	1052	inferior	T082	C0542339
28481004	1053	1068	mesenteric vein	T023	C0025473
28481004	1076	1084	patients	T101	C0030705
28481004	1099	1114	PV thrombectomy	T061	C0398124
28481004	1136	1144	patients	T101	C0030705
28481004	1155	1163	patients	T101	C0030705
28481004	1165	1172	massive	T080	C0522501
28481004	1177	1186	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28481004	1187	1194	ascites	T033	C0003962
28481004	1224	1239	postoperatively	T046	C0032787
28481004	1255	1281	living donor LT recipients	T101	C0376387
28481004	1289	1294	small	T081	C0700321
28481004	1295	1297	PV	T023	C0032718
28481004	1298	1306	diameter	T081	C1301886
28481004	1321	1331	Except for	T169	C0332300
28481004	1336	1343	patient	T101	C0030705
28481004	1358	1372	splenic artery	T023	C0037996
28481004	1373	1385	embolization	T061	C0013931
28481004	1387	1394	ascites	T033	C0003962
28481004	1399	1408	tolerable	T080	C4053931
28481004	1413	1428	well controlled	T169	C3853142
28481004	1432	1455	conservative management	T061	C0459914
28481004	1474	1478	rate	T081	C1521828
28481004	1482	1501	major complications	T046	C0009566
28481004	1513	1528	direct ligation	T061	C0023690
28481004	1540	1551	reoperation	T061	C0035110
28481004	1559	1567	combined	T080	C0205195
28481004	1568	1576	ligation	T061	C0023690
28481004	1580	1583	SRS	T074	C0542331
28481004	1597	1612	left renal vein	T023	C0508001
28481004	1620	1630	confluence	T030	C1184561
28481004	1632	1642	Except for	T169	C0332300
28481004	1647	1665	hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28481004	1673	1679	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28481004	1684	1692	patients	T101	C0030705
28481004	1705	1710	alive	T033	C2584946
28481004	1716	1730	no evidence of	T080	C0332125
28481004	1731	1738	further	T082	C1517331
28481004	1739	1741	PV	T023	C0032718
28481004	1742	1755	complications	T046	C0009566
28481004	1760	1770	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28481004	1772	1787	direct ligation	T061	C0023690
28481004	1791	1796	large	T170	C1718072
28481004	1797	1800	SRS	T074	C0542331
28481004	1808	1810	LT	T061	C0023911
28481004	1816	1840	safe and feasible method	T061	C0087111
28481004	1844	1852	overcome	T052	C2983310
28481004	1857	1867	effects of	T080	C1704420
28481004	1870	1875	large	T170	C1718072
28481004	1876	1879	SRS	T074	C0542331

28481342|t|Recurrent noncoding regulatory mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
28481342|a|The contributions of coding mutations to tumorigenesis are relatively well known; however, little is known about somatic alterations in noncoding DNA. Here we describe GECCO (Genomic Enrichment Computational Clustering Operation) to analyze somatic noncoding alterations in 308 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs) and identify commonly mutated regulatory regions. We find recurrent noncoding mutations to be enriched in PDA pathways, including axon guidance and cell adhesion, and newly identified processes, including transcription and homeobox genes. We identified mutations in protein binding sites correlating with differential expression of proximal genes and experimentally validated effects of mutations on expression. We developed an expression modulation score that quantifies the strength of gene regulation imposed by each class of regulatory elements, and found the strongest elements were most frequently mutated, suggesting a selective advantage. Our detailed single-cancer analysis of noncoding alterations identifies regulatory mutations as candidates for diagnostic and prognostic markers, and suggests new mechanisms for tumor evolution.
28481342	0	40	Recurrent noncoding regulatory mutations	T045	C0026882
28481342	44	76	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
28481342	81	94	contributions	T052	C1880177
28481342	98	114	coding mutations	T045	C0026882
28481342	118	131	tumorigenesis	T191	C0007621
28481342	190	209	somatic alterations	T049	C0544886
28481342	213	226	noncoding DNA	T114,T123	C0021920
28481342	318	347	somatic noncoding alterations	T049	C0544886
28481342	355	388	pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas	T191	C1335302
28481342	390	394	PDAs	T191	C1335302
28481342	418	444	mutated regulatory regions	T086	C0004793
28481342	454	483	recurrent noncoding mutations	T045	C0026882
28481342	502	505	PDA	T191	C1335302
28481342	506	514	pathways	T044	C1704259
28481342	526	539	axon guidance	T043	C2984268
28481342	544	557	cell adhesion	T043	C0007577
28481342	569	579	identified	T080	C0205396
28481342	580	589	processes	T067	C1522240
28481342	601	614	transcription	T045	C0040649
28481342	619	633	homeobox genes	T028	C0017347
28481342	638	648	identified	T080	C0205396
28481342	649	658	mutations	T045	C0026882
28481342	662	683	protein binding sites	T087	C1514535
28481342	701	713	differential	T080	C0443199
28481342	714	724	expression	T045	C0017262
28481342	728	736	proximal	T082	C0205107
28481342	737	742	genes	T028	C0017337
28481342	772	782	effects of	T080	C1704420
28481342	783	792	mutations	T045	C0026882
28481342	796	806	expression	T045	C0017262
28481342	824	851	expression modulation score	T081	C0392762
28481342	857	867	quantifies	T081	C1709793
28481342	872	880	strength	T078	C0808080
28481342	884	899	gene regulation	T045	C0017263
28481342	925	944	regulatory elements	T028	C0017362
28481342	970	978	elements	T028	C0017362
28481342	1056	1078	single-cancer analysis	T059	C0022885
28481342	1082	1103	noncoding alterations	T045	C0026882
28481342	1115	1135	regulatory mutations	T045	C0026882
28481342	1139	1149	candidates	T080	C0205556
28481342	1154	1164	diagnostic	T201	C1511876
28481342	1169	1187	prognostic markers	T080	C1514475
28481342	1206	1216	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28481342	1221	1236	tumor evolution	T191	C0007621

28481498|t|Effect of Variations in Micropatterns and Surface Modulus on Marine Fouling of Engineering Polymers
28481498|a|We report on the marine fouling and fouling release effects caused by variations of surface mechanical properties and microtopography of engineering polymers. Polymeric materials were covered with hierarchical micromolded topographical patterns inspired by the shell of the marine decapod crab Myomenippe hardwickii. These micropatterned surfaces were deployed in field static immersion tests. PDMS, polyurethane, and PMMA surfaces with higher elastic modulus and hardness were found to accumulate more fouling and exhibited poor fouling release properties. The results indicate interplay between surface mechanical properties and microtopography on antifouling performance.
28481498	0	6	Effect	T080	C1280500
28481498	10	20	Variations	T080	C0205419
28481498	24	37	Micropatterns	T082	C0449774
28481498	42	57	Surface Modulus	T082	C0205148
28481498	61	67	Marine	T083	C0036493
28481498	68	75	Fouling	T070	C3826310
28481498	79	90	Engineering	T090	C0014279
28481498	91	99	Polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
28481498	117	123	marine	T083	C0036493
28481498	124	131	fouling	T070	C3826310
28481498	136	143	fouling	T070	C3826310
28481498	144	151	release	T169	C0391871
28481498	152	159	effects	T080	C1280500
28481498	170	180	variations	T080	C0205419
28481498	184	191	surface	T082	C0205148
28481498	192	202	mechanical	T070	C0376706
28481498	203	213	properties	T080	C0871161
28481498	218	233	microtopography	T082	C1254362
28481498	237	248	engineering	T090	C0014279
28481498	249	257	polymers	T104,T122	C0032521
28481498	259	278	Polymeric materials	T167	C0520510
28481498	297	321	hierarchical micromolded	T073	C3273359
28481498	322	335	topographical	T082	C1254362
28481498	336	344	patterns	T082	C0449774
28481498	361	366	shell	T023	C0222041
28481498	374	380	marine	T083	C0036493
28481498	381	393	decapod crab	T204	C0010260
28481498	394	415	Myomenippe hardwickii	T204	C3320334
28481498	423	437	micropatterned	T082	C0449774
28481498	438	446	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28481498	452	460	deployed	T052	C2825812
28481498	464	492	field static immersion tests	T059	C0022885
28481498	494	498	PDMS	T109,T122	C0137758
28481498	500	512	polyurethane	T122	C0032616
28481498	518	522	PMMA	T109,T122	C0005533
28481498	523	531	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28481498	537	543	higher	T080	C0205250
28481498	544	559	elastic modulus	T081	C2350289
28481498	564	572	hardness	T080	C0018599
28481498	603	610	fouling	T070	C3826310
28481498	625	629	poor	T080	C2700379
28481498	630	637	fouling	T070	C3826310
28481498	638	645	release	T169	C0391871
28481498	646	656	properties	T080	C0871161
28481498	662	669	results	T169	C1274040
28481498	697	704	surface	T082	C0205148
28481498	705	715	mechanical	T070	C0376706
28481498	716	726	properties	T080	C0871161
28481498	731	746	microtopography	T082	C1254362
28481498	750	761	antifouling	T033	C0243095
28481498	762	773	performance	T052	C1882330

28482033|t|Long-term survival outcome after postoperative recurrence of non-small-cell lung cancer: who is ' cured ' from postoperative recurrence?
28482033|a|Since survival after postoperative non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recurrence is extremely poor, the long-term post - recurrence outcomes are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term post - recurrence outcomes and clarify who are possibly ' cured ' in recent clinical practice. We reviewed the medical records of 635 patients who developed postoperative recurrence until 2012 after R0 resection for pathological Stage IA-IIIA NSCLC between 1993 and 2006. Factors associated with post - recurrence surviva l (PRS) and the characteristics of the long-term (≥5 years) survivors were analysed retrospectively. The 5- year PRS rate of all 635 patients was 13%. Multivariable analysis revealed that female [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.78], adenocarcinoma (HR = 0.77), locoregional (only) recurrence (HR = 0.59) and longer recurrence -free survival (HR = 0.99) were favourably associated with PRS. A total of 51 patients achieved 5- year PRS; however, 32 (63%) were cancer -bearing patients in their fifth post-recurrent year who were mainly treated by epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). Subsequent PRS curves for cancer - controlled and cancer -bearing groups were different (8- year PRS: 94% vs 31%, P = 0.003). Among 19 cancer - controlled patients in their fifth post-recurrent year, 17 (89%) patients initially received radical local therapy for their recurrence. Two-thirds of 5- year survivors after postoperative NSCLC recurrence had a cancer -bearing status and showed deteriorated subsequent survival. Curability of postoperative NSCLC recurrence should be evaluated in terms of the ' cancer - controlled ' status, and ' cured ' population is included in the patients who are ' cancer controlled ' at the fifth post-recurrent year.
28482033	0	9	Long-term	T079	C0443252
28482033	10	18	survival	T052	C0038952
28482033	19	26	outcome	T169	C1274040
28482033	33	46	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28482033	47	57	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	61	87	non-small-cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28482033	98	103	cured	T033	C0438113
28482033	111	124	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28482033	125	135	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	143	151	survival	T052	C0038952
28482033	158	171	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28482033	172	198	non-small-cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28482033	200	205	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28482033	207	217	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	231	235	poor	T080	C2700379
28482033	241	250	long-term	T079	C0443252
28482033	251	255	post	T079	C0687676
28482033	258	268	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	269	277	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28482033	336	344	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28482033	349	358	long-term	T079	C0443252
28482033	359	363	post	T079	C0687676
28482033	366	376	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	377	385	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28482033	390	397	clarify	T052	C2986669
28482033	417	422	cured	T033	C0438113
28482033	428	434	recent	T079	C0332185
28482033	435	452	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
28482033	457	465	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28482033	470	485	medical records	T170	C0025102
28482033	493	501	patients	T101	C0030705
28482033	516	529	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28482033	530	540	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	558	570	R0 resection	T061	C0728940
28482033	575	607	pathological Stage IA-IIIA NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28482033	631	638	Factors	T169	C1521761
28482033	639	654	associated with	T080	C0332281
28482033	655	659	post	T079	C0687676
28482033	662	672	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	673	680	surviva	T052	C0038952
28482033	684	687	PRS	T052	C0038952
28482033	697	712	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28482033	720	729	long-term	T079	C0443252
28482033	734	739	years	T079	C0439234
28482033	741	750	survivors	T101	C0206194
28482033	756	780	analysed retrospectively	T062	C0035363
28482033	789	793	year	T079	C0439234
28482033	794	797	PRS	T052	C0038952
28482033	798	802	rate	T081	C1521828
28482033	814	822	patients	T101	C0030705
28482033	832	854	Multivariable analysis	T081	C0026777
28482033	855	863	revealed	T080	C0443289
28482033	869	875	female	T032	C0086287
28482033	877	889	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28482033	891	893	HR	T081	C2985465
28482033	904	918	adenocarcinoma	T191	C0001418
28482033	920	922	HR	T081	C2985465
28482033	932	962	locoregional (only) recurrence	T191	C0027643
28482033	952	962	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	964	966	HR	T081	C2985465
28482033	979	1011	longer recurrence -free survival	T033	C2919733
28482033	986	996	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	1013	1015	HR	T081	C2985465
28482033	1040	1055	associated with	T080	C0332281
28482033	1056	1059	PRS	T052	C0038952
28482033	1075	1083	patients	T101	C0030705
28482033	1096	1100	year	T079	C0439234
28482033	1101	1104	PRS	T052	C0038952
28482033	1129	1135	cancer	T191	C0006826
28482033	1145	1153	patients	T101	C0030705
28482033	1169	1183	post-recurrent	T079	C1254367
28482033	1184	1188	year	T079	C0439234
28482033	1205	1212	treated	T169	C1522326
28482033	1216	1274	epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor	T121	C1443775
28482033	1276	1284	EGFR-TKI	T121	C1443775
28482033	1298	1301	PRS	T052	C0038952
28482033	1302	1308	curves	T170	C0681493
28482033	1313	1319	cancer	T191	C0006826
28482033	1322	1332	controlled	T033	C2911690
28482033	1337	1343	cancer	T191	C0006826
28482033	1353	1359	groups	T078	C0441833
28482033	1365	1374	different	T080	C1705242
28482033	1379	1383	year	T079	C0439234
28482033	1384	1387	PRS	T052	C0038952
28482033	1422	1428	cancer	T191	C0006826
28482033	1431	1441	controlled	T033	C2911690
28482033	1442	1450	patients	T101	C0030705
28482033	1466	1485	post-recurrent year	T079	C0439234
28482033	1496	1504	patients	T101	C0030705
28482033	1524	1545	radical local therapy	T061	C2986520
28482033	1556	1566	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	1585	1589	year	T079	C0439234
28482033	1590	1599	survivors	T101	C0206194
28482033	1606	1619	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28482033	1620	1625	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28482033	1626	1636	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	1643	1649	cancer	T191	C0006826
28482033	1659	1665	status	T080	C0449438
28482033	1677	1689	deteriorated	T033	C1457868
28482033	1701	1709	survival	T052	C0038952
28482033	1725	1738	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28482033	1739	1744	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28482033	1745	1755	recurrence	T191	C1458156
28482033	1766	1775	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28482033	1794	1800	cancer	T191	C0006826
28482033	1803	1813	controlled	T033	C2911690
28482033	1816	1822	status	T080	C0449438
28482033	1830	1835	cured	T033	C0438113
28482033	1838	1848	population	T098	C1257890
28482033	1868	1876	patients	T101	C0030705
28482033	1887	1893	cancer	T191	C0006826
28482033	1894	1904	controlled	T033	C2911690
28482033	1920	1939	post-recurrent year	T079	C0439234

28482688|t|Subjective Cognitive Decline in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease
28482688|a|Older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in the absence of objective neuropsychological dysfunction are increasingly viewed as at risk for non-normative cognitive decline and eventual progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. The past decade has witnessed tremendous growth in research on SCD, which may reflect the recognition of SCD as the earliest symptomatic manifestation of AD. Yet methodological challenges associated with establishing common assessment and classification procedures hamper the construct. This article reviews essential features of SCD associated with preclinical AD and current measurement approaches, highlighting challenges in harmonizing study findings across settings. We consider the relation of SCD to important variables and outcomes (e.g., AD biomarkers, clinical progression). We also examine the role of self- and informant - reports in SCD and various psychological, medical, and demographic factors that influence the self-report of cognition. We conclude with a discussion of intervention strategies for SCD, ethical considerations, and future research priorities.
28482688	0	28	Subjective Cognitive Decline	T046	C0234985
28482688	32	43	Preclinical	T080	C1709630
28482688	44	63	Alzheimer's Disease	T047	C0002395
28482688	64	76	Older adults	T098	C0001792
28482688	82	110	subjective cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
28482688	112	115	SCD	T046	C0234985
28482688	145	175	neuropsychological dysfunction	T048	C0004936
28482688	215	246	non-normative cognitive decline	T046	C0234985
28482688	260	271	progression	T169	C0449258
28482688	275	294	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28482688	296	298	AD	T047	C0002395
28482688	300	308	dementia	T048	C0497327
28482688	361	369	research	T062	C0035168
28482688	373	376	SCD	T046	C0234985
28482688	400	411	recognition	T080	C0205396
28482688	415	418	SCD	T046	C0234985
28482688	435	446	symptomatic	T184	C1457887
28482688	447	460	manifestation	T169	C0205319
28482688	464	466	AD	T047	C0002395
28482688	472	486	methodological	T169	C2700391
28482688	487	497	challenges	T058	C0805586
28482688	534	544	assessment	T058	C0220825
28482688	549	563	classification	T185	C0008902
28482688	564	574	procedures	T169	C2700391
28482688	602	609	article	T170	C1706852
28482688	610	617	reviews	T080	C1704362
28482688	640	643	SCD	T046	C0234985
28482688	660	671	preclinical	T080	C1709630
28482688	672	674	AD	T047	C0002395
28482688	687	698	measurement	T169	C0242485
28482688	699	709	approaches	T169	C1292724
28482688	724	734	challenges	T058	C0805586
28482688	738	755	harmonizing study	T062	C2603343
28482688	756	764	findings	T033	C0243095
28482688	798	806	relation	T080	C0439849
28482688	810	813	SCD	T046	C0234985
28482688	827	836	variables	T080	C0439828
28482688	841	849	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28482688	857	859	AD	T047	C0002395
28482688	860	870	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28482688	872	880	clinical	T080	C0205210
28482688	881	892	progression	T169	C0449258
28482688	923	928	self-	T062	C2700446
28482688	933	942	informant	T169	C1550484
28482688	945	952	reports	T170	C0684224
28482688	956	959	SCD	T046	C0234985
28482688	972	985	psychological	T041	C0033898
28482688	987	994	medical	T169	C0205476
28482688	1000	1019	demographic factors	T078	C0011292
28482688	1039	1050	self-report	T062	C2700446
28482688	1054	1063	cognition	T041	C0009240
28482688	1098	1121	intervention strategies	T061	C0454040
28482688	1126	1129	SCD	T046	C0234985
28482688	1131	1138	ethical	T078	C0086264
28482688	1139	1153	considerations	T033	C0518609
28482688	1166	1185	research priorities	T062	C0376368

28482961|t|Low prevalence of malnourishment among household contacts of patients with tuberculosis in Guinea-Bissau
28482961|a|An urban demographic surveillance site in Bissau, the capital of Guinea-Bissau, West Africa .BACKGROUND We hypothesised that if previous malnutrition plays a part in acquiring active tuberculosis (TB) disease, households of TB cases would have a higher prevalence of malnutrition than those of healthy controls. A cross-sectional study comparing nutritional and socio-economic status of all newly diagnosed patients with TB in 2014 with household contacts (persons residing in the household of TB cases) and random controls. Exclusion criteria were extra-pulmonary TB, age <15 years and pregnancy. Prevalence of malnutrition was 5% in household contacts and healthy controls, and 51% in patients with TB. Patients with TB had 22% (95%CI 19-25) lower body weight, 22% (95%CI 20-25) lower body mass index and 22% (95%CI 19-24) lower mid-upper arm circumference than healthy controls (P < 0.001); household contacts and healthy controls were comparable for all measures. The socio-economic status of households with TB cases was lower. We did not find a higher prevalence of malnourishment in households with TB cases. This finding did not support the hypothesis that malnourishment was an important causative factor for the development of active TB among patients in this study.
28482961	0	14	Low prevalence	T081	C1518029
28482961	18	32	malnourishment	T047	C0162429
28482961	39	57	household contacts	T080	C3640861
28482961	61	69	patients	T101	C0030705
28482961	75	87	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
28482961	91	104	Guinea-Bissau	T083	C0018387
28482961	108	113	urban	T083	C0442529
28482961	114	138	demographic surveillance	T062	C0011296
28482961	139	143	site	T082	C0205145
28482961	147	153	Bissau	T083	C0017446
28482961	170	183	Guinea-Bissau	T083	C0018387
28482961	185	196	West Africa	T083	C0001747
28482961	212	224	hypothesised	T078	C1512571
28482961	242	254	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
28482961	281	300	active tuberculosis	T047	C0151332
28482961	302	304	TB	T047	C0041296
28482961	306	313	disease	T047	C0012634
28482961	315	325	households	T099	C0020052
28482961	329	331	TB	T047	C0041296
28482961	351	368	higher prevalence	T081	C1512456
28482961	372	384	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
28482961	399	415	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28482961	419	440	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28482961	451	462	nutritional	T033	C0392209
28482961	467	488	socio-economic status	T080	C0086996
28482961	496	511	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
28482961	512	520	patients	T101	C0030705
28482961	526	528	TB	T047	C0041296
28482961	542	560	household contacts	T080	C3640861
28482961	562	595	persons residing in the household	T033	C2046890
28482961	599	601	TB	T047	C0041296
28482961	613	628	random controls	T096	C0009932
28482961	630	648	Exclusion criteria	T169	C0680251
28482961	654	672	extra-pulmonary TB	T047	C0679362
28482961	674	677	age	T032	C0001779
28482961	692	701	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28482961	703	713	Prevalence	T081	C0033105
28482961	717	729	malnutrition	T047	C0162429
28482961	740	758	household contacts	T080	C3640861
28482961	763	779	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28482961	792	800	patients	T101	C0030705
28482961	806	808	TB	T047	C0041296
28482961	810	818	Patients	T101	C0030705
28482961	824	826	TB	T047	C0041296
28482961	849	866	lower body weight	T033	C4014768
28482961	886	907	lower body mass index	T033	C0231255
28482961	930	963	lower mid-upper arm circumference	T033	C0562351
28482961	969	985	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28482961	999	1017	household contacts	T080	C3640861
28482961	1022	1038	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28482961	1063	1071	measures	T081	C0079809
28482961	1077	1098	socio-economic status	T080	C0086996
28482961	1102	1112	households	T099	C0020052
28482961	1118	1120	TB	T047	C0041296
28482961	1156	1173	higher prevalence	T081	C1512456
28482961	1177	1191	malnourishment	T047	C0162429
28482961	1195	1205	households	T099	C0020052
28482961	1211	1213	TB	T047	C0041296
28482961	1226	1233	finding	T033	C0243095
28482961	1254	1264	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28482961	1270	1284	malnourishment	T047	C0162429
28482961	1302	1318	causative factor	T033	C0449411
28482961	1342	1351	active TB	T047	C0151332
28482961	1358	1366	patients	T101	C0030705
28482961	1375	1380	study	T062	C2603343

28483305|t|Bactec™ blood culture bottles allied to MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: rapid etiologic diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis
28483305|a|Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has been used for direct identification of pathogens from blood-inoculated blood culture bottles (BCBs). We showed that MALDI-TOF MS is an useful technique for rapid identification of the causative agents of endophthalmitis from vitreous humor - inoculated BCBs with a simple protocol.
28483305	8	29	blood culture bottles	T074	C0302637
28483305	40	67	MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry	T062	C1518101
28483305	75	84	etiologic	T169	C1314792
28483305	85	94	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28483305	98	123	bacterial endophthalmitis	T047	C1531510
28483305	124	217	Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS)	T062	C1518101
28483305	243	257	identification	T058	C1254363
28483305	261	270	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28483305	276	292	blood-inoculated	T059	C2238065
28483305	293	314	blood culture bottles	T074	C0302637
28483305	316	320	BCBs	T074	C0302637
28483305	338	350	MALDI-TOF MS	T062	C1518101
28483305	364	373	technique	T169	C0449851
28483305	384	398	identification	T058	C1254363
28483305	406	422	causative agents	T033	C0449411
28483305	426	441	endophthalmitis	T047	C0014236
28483305	447	461	vitreous humor	T031	C0229096
28483305	464	474	inoculated	T061	C2987620
28483305	475	479	BCBs	T074	C0302637
28483305	487	493	simple	T080	C0205352
28483305	494	502	protocol	T170	C0442711

28483455|t|Identification of novel 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl-substituted benzo[d]thiazoles: Lead generation and optimization toward potent and orally active EP1 receptor antagonists
28483455|a|Herein we described the design, synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of benzo[d]thiazole derivatives toward an orally active EP1 antagonist. Lead generation studies provided benzo[d]thiazole core from the four designed scaffolds. Optimization of this scaffold in terms of EP1 antagonist potency and ligand-lipophilicity efficiency (LLE; pIC50-clogP) led to a 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl-substituted benzo[d]thiazole derivative, 7r (IC50 1.1nM; LLE 4.7), which showed a good pharmacological effect when administered intraduodenally in a 17-phenyl trinor-PGE2 (17-PTP)- induced overactive bladder model in rats.
28483455	0	14	Identification	T052	C0441655
28483455	24	79	1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl-substituted benzo[d]thiazoles	T121	C1254351
28483455	81	96	Lead generation	T062	C0242481
28483455	101	113	optimization	T052	C2698650
28483455	132	138	orally	T169	C1527415
28483455	139	145	active	T169	C0205177
28483455	146	158	EP1 receptor	T116,T192	C2936364
28483455	159	170	antagonists	T044	C1373004
28483455	195	201	design	T052	C1707689
28483455	203	212	synthesis	T070	C0007987
28483455	217	227	evaluation	T078	C1550157
28483455	249	277	benzo[d]thiazole derivatives	T121	C1254351
28483455	288	294	orally	T169	C1527415
28483455	295	301	active	T169	C0205177
28483455	302	305	EP1	T116,T192	C2936364
28483455	306	316	antagonist	T044	C1373004
28483455	318	341	Lead generation studies	T062	C0242481
28483455	351	372	benzo[d]thiazole core	T104	C1254350
28483455	396	405	scaffolds	T079	C1254367
28483455	407	419	Optimization	T052	C2698650
28483455	428	436	scaffold	T079	C1254367
28483455	449	452	EP1	T116,T192	C2936364
28483455	453	463	antagonist	T044	C1373004
28483455	464	471	potency	T038	C0678792
28483455	476	507	ligand-lipophilicity efficiency	T081	C0013682
28483455	509	512	LLE	T081	C0013682
28483455	514	525	pIC50-clogP	T081	C0392762
28483455	536	605	1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridyl-substituted benzo[d]thiazole derivative, 7r	T121	C1254351
28483455	607	611	IC50	T081	C0600495
28483455	619	622	LLE	T081	C0013682
28483455	649	664	pharmacological	T169	C0205464
28483455	665	671	effect	T080	C1280500
28483455	677	689	administered	T169	C1521801
28483455	690	705	intraduodenally	T169	C1512937
28483455	711	732	17-phenyl trinor-PGE2	T109	C0295046
28483455	734	740	17-PTP	T109	C0295046
28483455	743	750	induced	T169	C0205263
28483455	751	769	overactive bladder	T047	C0878773
28483455	770	775	model	T075	C0026336
28483455	779	783	rats	T015	C0034693

28483530|t|LAMP-2 mediates oxidative stress -dependent cell death in Zn(2+) - treated lung epithelium cells
28483530|a|Zinc is an essential element for the biological system. However, excessive exogenous Zn(2+) would disrupt cellular Zn(2+) homeostasis and cause toxicity. In particular, Zinc salts or ZnO nanoparticles exposure could induce respiratory injury. Although previous studies have indicated that organelle damage (including mitochondria or lysosomes) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production are involved in Zn(2+) -induced toxicity, the interplay between mitochondria / lysosomes damage and ROS production is obscure. Herein, we demonstrated that Zn(2+) could induce deglycosylation of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 and 2 (LAMP-1 and LAMP-2), which primarily locate in late endosomes / lysosomes, in A549 lung epithelium cells. Intriguingly, LAMP-2 knockdown further aggravated Zn(2+) -mediated ROS production and cell death, indicating LAMP-2 (not LAMP-1) was involved in Zn(2+) -induced toxicity. Our results provide a new insight that LAMP-2 contributes to the ROS clearance and cell death induced by Zn(2+) treatment, which would help us to get a better understanding of Zn(2+) -induced toxicity in respiratory system.
28483530	0	6	LAMP-2	T116,T123	C1563373
28483530	16	32	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28483530	44	54	cell death	T043	C0007587
28483530	58	64	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28483530	67	74	treated	T061	C0087111
28483530	75	79	lung	T023	C0024109
28483530	80	96	epithelium cells	T025	C0014597
28483530	97	101	Zinc	T121,T123,T196	C0043481
28483530	118	125	element	T196	C0013879
28483530	134	151	biological system	T022	C0460002
28483530	172	181	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28483530	182	188	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28483530	203	230	cellular Zn(2+) homeostasis	T043	C2263139
28483530	235	249	cause toxicity	T037	C0600688
28483530	266	276	Zinc salts	T121,T197	C0351669
28483530	280	283	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28483530	284	297	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28483530	320	338	respiratory injury	T037	C0560313
28483530	386	395	organelle	T026	C0029219
28483530	396	402	damage	T049	C0599732
28483530	414	426	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28483530	430	439	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
28483530	445	468	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28483530	470	473	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28483530	502	508	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28483530	518	526	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28483530	550	562	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28483530	565	574	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
28483530	575	581	damage	T049	C0599732
28483530	586	589	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28483530	642	648	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28483530	662	677	deglycosylation	T044	C1157972
28483530	681	719	lysosome-associated membrane protein 1	T116,T123	C3539735
28483530	724	725	2	T116,T123	C1563373
28483530	727	733	LAMP-1	T116,T123	C3539735
28483530	738	744	LAMP-2	T116,T123	C1563373
28483530	778	787	endosomes	T026	C0034850
28483530	790	799	lysosomes	T026	C0024369
28483530	804	830	A549 lung epithelium cells	T025	C0014597
28483530	846	852	LAMP-2	T028	C1416790
28483530	853	862	knockdown	T063	C2350567
28483530	871	881	aggravated	T080	C1444749
28483530	882	888	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28483530	899	902	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28483530	918	928	cell death	T043	C0007587
28483530	941	947	LAMP-2	T116,T123	C1563373
28483530	953	959	LAMP-1	T116,T123	C3539735
28483530	977	983	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28483530	993	1001	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28483530	1042	1048	LAMP-2	T116,T123	C1563373
28483530	1068	1071	ROS	T123,T196	C0162772
28483530	1086	1096	cell death	T043	C0007587
28483530	1108	1114	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28483530	1115	1124	treatment	T061	C0087111
28483530	1179	1185	Zn(2+)	T121,T196	C2346521
28483530	1195	1203	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28483530	1207	1225	respiratory system	T022	C0035237

28484250|t|Maternal depression attenuates newborn vitamin D concentrations in winter - spring: a prospective population-based study
28484250|a|We aimed to investigate whether the newborns of mothers with maternal depression (MD) had lower vitamin D levels than newborns of non-MD (NMD) mothers and identify the potential mechanism underlying this association. Maternal depressive symptoms in late pregnancy and concentrations of cord blood 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured in 1491 mother - infant pairs. Data on maternal sociodemographic characteristics, health status, lifestyle and birth outcomes were prospectively collected. For infants born in winter - spring, the infants of MD mothers had significantly reduced concentrations of 25(OH) D (adjusted β = -3.51 nmol/L; 95% CI: -6.19, -0.84; P = 0.010) and lower birth weight (3267 ± 470 g vs 3348 ± 598 g, F = 4.64, P = 0.031), compared with the infants of NMD mothers. A significant, inverse linear relationship was noted between maternal depression scores and the concentration of 25(OH)D for infants born in winter - spring (adjusted β = -0.158; 95% CI: -0.259, -0.057). The significant, inverse linear relationship between maternal depression scores and fetomaternal ratios of 25(OH) D was also observed among the infants born in winter - spring (adjusted β = -0.005; 95% CI: -0.008, -0.003). MD appears to significantly attenuate the vitamin D concentrations and birth weight of infants born in winter - spring. A decreased fetomaternal ratio of 25(OH)D might be involved in this biological pathway.
28484250	0	8	Maternal	T033	C1858460
28484250	9	19	depression	T048	C0011570
28484250	20	30	attenuates	T052	C0599946
28484250	31	38	newborn	T100	C0021289
28484250	39	48	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28484250	49	63	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28484250	67	73	winter	T079	C0241737
28484250	76	82	spring	T079	C0241232
28484250	86	120	prospective population-based study	T062	C1709709
28484250	133	144	investigate	T169	C1292732
28484250	157	165	newborns	T100	C0021289
28484250	169	176	mothers	T099	C0026591
28484250	182	190	maternal	T033	C1858460
28484250	191	201	depression	T048	C0011570
28484250	203	205	MD	T048	C0011570
28484250	217	233	vitamin D levels	T059	C0919758
28484250	239	247	newborns	T100	C0021289
28484250	251	263	non-MD (NMD)	T033	C0243095
28484250	264	271	mothers	T099	C0026591
28484250	338	346	Maternal	T033	C1858460
28484250	347	366	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28484250	370	384	late pregnancy	T046	C0878751
28484250	389	403	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28484250	418	437	25 hydroxyvitamin D	T109,T127	C0535968
28484250	439	446	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
28484250	470	476	mother	T099	C0026591
28484250	479	485	infant	T100	C0021270
28484250	501	509	maternal	T033	C1858460
28484250	510	542	sociodemographic characteristics	T062	C0242481
28484250	544	557	health status	T080	C0018759
28484250	559	568	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28484250	573	587	birth outcomes	T201	C1286282
28484250	622	634	infants born	T100	C0021289
28484250	638	644	winter	T079	C0241737
28484250	647	653	spring	T079	C0241232
28484250	659	666	infants	T100	C0021270
28484250	670	672	MD	T048	C0011570
28484250	673	680	mothers	T099	C0026591
28484250	707	721	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28484250	725	733	25(OH) D	T109,T127	C0535968
28484250	799	817	lower birth weight	T033	C0024032
28484250	889	896	infants	T100	C0021270
28484250	900	903	NMD	T033	C0243095
28484250	904	911	mothers	T099	C0026591
28484250	928	935	inverse	T080	C0439850
28484250	936	955	linear relationship	T080	C0439849
28484250	974	982	maternal	T033	C1858460
28484250	983	993	depression	T048	C0011570
28484250	1009	1022	concentration	T081	C1446561
28484250	1026	1033	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
28484250	1038	1050	infants born	T100	C0021289
28484250	1054	1060	winter	T079	C0241737
28484250	1063	1069	spring	T079	C0241232
28484250	1134	1141	inverse	T080	C0439850
28484250	1142	1161	linear relationship	T080	C0439849
28484250	1170	1178	maternal	T033	C1858460
28484250	1179	1189	depression	T048	C0011570
28484250	1201	1213	fetomaternal	T033	C1858460
28484250	1214	1220	ratios	T081	C0456603
28484250	1224	1232	25(OH) D	T109,T127	C0535968
28484250	1261	1273	infants born	T100	C0021289
28484250	1277	1283	winter	T079	C0241737
28484250	1286	1292	spring	T079	C0241232
28484250	1340	1342	MD	T048	C0011570
28484250	1368	1377	attenuate	T052	C0599946
28484250	1382	1391	vitamin D	T109,T121,T127	C0042866
28484250	1392	1406	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28484250	1411	1423	birth weight	T032	C0005612
28484250	1427	1439	infants born	T100	C0021289
28484250	1443	1449	winter	T079	C0241737
28484250	1452	1458	spring	T079	C0241232
28484250	1472	1484	fetomaternal	T033	C1858460
28484250	1485	1490	ratio	T081	C0456603
28484250	1494	1501	25(OH)D	T109,T127	C0535968
28484250	1528	1546	biological pathway	T044	C1704259

28484550|t|Distal posterior cerebral artery revascularization for a fusiform PCA aneurysm: A lesson learned
28484550|a|The need for revascularization with proximal posterior cerebral artery occlusion in the treatment of giant and fusiform aneurysms is unclear. While early series demonstrated only about a 10% chance of infarction following posterior cerebral artery occlusion, recently several authors have advocated a bypass prior to parent vessel sacrifice in all cases. We present the case of an adult man with a fusiform aneurysm of the right posterior cerebral artery at the P2-P3 junction. He clinically failed a balloon test occlusion preoperatively and therefore underwent an occipital artery to distal posterior cerebral artery bypass with subsequent endovascular occlusion of the parent vessel and aneurysm. Despite the fact that the immediate and 6 month follow up cerebral angiography confirmed a patent bypass, the patient still developed a posterior cerebral artery territory stroke. We believe this case demonstrates that successful distal revascularization in the setting of proximal posterior cerebral artery occlusion does not guarantee against cerebral ischemia and infarction even in those patients that fail a test occlusion.
28484550	0	6	Distal	T082	C0205108
28484550	7	32	posterior cerebral artery	T023	C0149576
28484550	33	50	revascularization	T061	C0007794
28484550	57	65	fusiform	T077	C0332493
28484550	66	69	PCA	T023	C0149576
28484550	70	78	aneurysm	T047	C0002940
28484550	110	127	revascularization	T061	C0007794
28484550	133	141	proximal	T082	C0205107
28484550	142	167	posterior cerebral artery	T023	C0149576
28484550	168	177	occlusion	T020	C0028790
28484550	185	194	treatment	T169	C1522326
28484550	198	203	giant	T047	C0751004
28484550	208	226	fusiform aneurysms	T190	C0333099
28484550	298	308	infarction	T046	C0021308
28484550	319	344	posterior cerebral artery	T023	C0149576
28484550	345	354	occlusion	T020	C0028790
28484550	373	380	authors	T097	C3812881
28484550	398	404	bypass	T061	C0741847
28484550	421	427	vessel	T023	C0005847
28484550	495	512	fusiform aneurysm	T190	C0333099
28484550	526	551	posterior cerebral artery	T023	C0149576
28484550	559	573	P2-P3 junction	UnknownType	C0682580
28484550	578	595	clinically failed	T033	C3640841
28484550	598	620	balloon test occlusion	T058	C3697458
28484550	621	635	preoperatively	T079	C0445204
28484550	663	679	occipital artery	T023	C0226117
28484550	683	689	distal	T082	C0205108
28484550	690	715	posterior cerebral artery	T023	C0149576
28484550	716	722	bypass	T061	C0741847
28484550	739	782	endovascular occlusion of the parent vessel	T061	C2223520
28484550	787	795	aneurysm	T047	C0002940
28484550	845	854	follow up	T058	C1522577
28484550	855	875	cerebral angiography	T060	C0007767
28484550	895	901	bypass	T061	C0741847
28484550	907	914	patient	T101	C0030705
28484550	933	958	posterior cerebral artery	T023	C0149576
28484550	959	975	territory stroke	T047	C0038454
28484550	1027	1033	distal	T082	C0205108
28484550	1034	1051	revascularization	T061	C0007794
28484550	1070	1078	proximal	T082	C0205107
28484550	1079	1104	posterior cerebral artery	T023	C0149576
28484550	1105	1114	occlusion	T020	C0028790
28484550	1142	1159	cerebral ischemia	T047	C0917798
28484550	1164	1174	infarction	T046	C0021308
28484550	1189	1197	patients	T101	C0030705
28484550	1210	1224	test occlusion	T058	C3697458

28485130|t|Fluorescence hyperspectral imaging (fHSI) using a spectrally resolved detector array
28485130|a|The ability to resolve multiple fluorescent emissions from different biological targets in video rate applications, such as endoscopy and intraoperative imaging, has traditionally been limited by the use of filter-based imaging systems. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) facilitates the detection of both spatial and spectral information in a single data acquisition, however, instrumentation for HSI is typically complex, bulky and expensive. We sought to overcome these limitations using a novel robust and low cost HSI camera based on a spectrally resolved detector array (SRDA). We integrated this HSI camera into a wide-field reflectance-based imaging system operating in the near-infrared range to assess the suitability for in vivo imaging of exogenous fluorescent contrast agents. Using this fluorescence HSI (fHSI) system, we were able to accurately resolve the presence and concentration of at least 7 fluorescent dyes in solution. We also demonstrate high spectral unmixing precision, signal linearity with dye concentration and at depth in tissue mimicking phantoms, and delineate 4 fluorescent dyes in vivo. Our approach, including statistical background removal, could be directly generalised to broader spectral ranges, for example, to resolve tissue reflectance or autofluorescence and in future be tailored to video rate applications requiring snapshot HSI data acquisition.
28485130	0	34	Fluorescence hyperspectral imaging	T060	C0430022
28485130	36	40	fHSI	T060	C0430022
28485130	50	60	spectrally	T080	C0205556
28485130	61	69	resolved	T033	C3714811
28485130	70	84	detector array	T074	C0025080
28485130	100	107	resolve	T077	C2699488
28485130	108	116	multiple	T081	C0439064
28485130	117	138	fluorescent emissions	T067	C1522240
28485130	144	153	different	T080	C1705242
28485130	154	164	biological	T080	C0205460
28485130	165	172	targets	T169	C1521840
28485130	176	199	video rate applications	UnknownType	C0869019
28485130	209	218	endoscopy	T060	C0014245
28485130	223	245	intraoperative imaging	T060	C3898703
28485130	270	277	limited	T169	C0439801
28485130	292	304	filter-based	T080	C0205556
28485130	305	321	imaging systems.	T074	C0025080
28485130	322	343	Hyperspectral imaging	T060	C0430022
28485130	345	348	HSI	T060	C0430022
28485130	366	375	detection	T061	C1511790
28485130	384	391	spatial	T082	C0037775
28485130	396	404	spectral	T081	C1883073
28485130	405	416	information	T078	C1533716
28485130	422	445	single data acquisition	T052	C0441655
28485130	456	471	instrumentation	T080	C0021632
28485130	476	479	HSI	T060	C0430022
28485130	493	500	complex	T080	C0439855
28485130	502	507	bulky	T081	C0392762
28485130	512	521	expensive	T080	C0205556
28485130	536	544	overcome	T052	C2983310
28485130	551	562	limitations	T169	C0449295
28485130	571	576	novel	T080	C0205314
28485130	577	583	robust	T080	C2986815
28485130	588	596	low cost	T081	C0392762
28485130	597	600	HSI	T060	C0430022
28485130	601	607	camera	T074	C0179533
28485130	619	653	spectrally resolved detector array	T074	C0025080
28485130	655	659	SRDA	T074	C0025080
28485130	665	675	integrated	T066	C1705422
28485130	681	684	HSI	T060	C0430022
28485130	685	691	camera	T074	C0179533
28485130	699	709	wide-field	T033	C0243095
28485130	710	727	reflectance-based	T059	C1514813
28485130	728	742	imaging system	T073	C2697665
28485130	743	752	operating	T169	C0205245
28485130	760	773	near-infrared	T080	C1532326
28485130	774	779	range	T081	C1514721
28485130	783	789	assess	T058	C0184514
28485130	810	825	in vivo imaging	T059	C1708481
28485130	829	838	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28485130	839	866	fluorescent contrast agents	T130	C0009924
28485130	879	895	fluorescence HSI	T060	C0430022
28485130	897	901	fHSI	T060	C0430022
28485130	903	909	system	T169	C0449913
28485130	927	937	accurately	T080	C0443131
28485130	938	945	resolve	T077	C2699488
28485130	950	958	presence	T080	C3854307
28485130	963	976	concentration	T081	C1446561
28485130	991	1007	fluorescent dyes	T130	C0016320
28485130	1011	1019	solution	T167	C0037633
28485130	1041	1045	high	T080	C0205250
28485130	1046	1063	spectral unmixing	T066	C2827423
28485130	1064	1073	precision	T080	C1706245
28485130	1075	1081	signal	T067	C1710082
28485130	1082	1091	linearity	T080	C0205556
28485130	1097	1100	dye	T130	C0013343
28485130	1101	1114	concentration	T081	C1446561
28485130	1122	1127	depth	T082	C0205125
28485130	1131	1137	tissue	T024	C0040300
28485130	1138	1147	mimicking	T070	C4042849
28485130	1148	1156	phantoms	T073	C0282611
28485130	1162	1171	delineate	T033	C0243095
28485130	1174	1190	fluorescent dyes	T130	C0016320
28485130	1191	1198	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28485130	1214	1223	including	T169	C0332257
28485130	1224	1235	statistical	T080	C0205556
28485130	1236	1246	background	T077	C1706907
28485130	1265	1273	directly	T080	C1947931
28485130	1274	1285	generalised	T082	C0205246
28485130	1289	1305	broader spectral	T074	C1138667
28485130	1306	1312	ranges	T081	C1514721
28485130	1330	1337	resolve	T077	C2699488
28485130	1338	1344	tissue	T024	C0040300
28485130	1345	1356	reflectance	T059	C1514813
28485130	1360	1376	autofluorescence	T059	C0544711
28485130	1384	1390	future	T079	C0016884
28485130	1406	1429	video rate applications	UnknownType	C0869019
28485130	1449	1452	HSI	T060	C0430022
28485130	1453	1469	data acquisition	T052	C0441655

28485268|t|Biochemical studies of amylase, lipase and protease in Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) populations fed with Vigna unguiculata grain cultivated with diazotrophic bacteria strains
28485268|a|The objective of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of homogenates of insects fed on grain of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.), cultivars grown with different nitrogen sources. For the experiment we used aliquots of the homogenate of 100 unsexed adult insects, emerged from 10 g of grain obtained from four cowpea cultivars: ' BRS Acauã ', ' BRS Carijó ', ' BRS Pujante ', and ' BRS Tapaihum ' grown under different regimes of nitrogen sources: mineral fertilizer, inoculation with strains of diazotrophs (BR 3267, BR 3262, BR 3299; INPA 03-11B, 03-84 UFLA, as well as the control (with soil nitrogen). The parameters evaluated were enzymatic activities of insect protease, amylase and lipase and the starch content of the grains. There were differences in the enzymatic activity of amylase, lipase and protease of insect homogenate according to the food source. A lower activity of the enzyme amylase from C. maculatus homogenate was observed when insects were fed grain of the cultivar BRS Carijó. A lower activity of lipase enzyme from C. maculatus homogenate was observed when the insects fed on grain from the interaction of the cultivar Tapaihum inoculated with BR 3262 diazotrophs. The lowest proteolytic activity was observed in homogenate of insects fed on interaction of ' BRS Carijó ' inoculated with BR 3262 diazotroph s. Starch content correlated positively with the amylase activity of C. maculatus homogenate. The cultivar BRS Carijó had a different behavior from the other cultivars, according to the cluster analysis.
28485268	0	11	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
28485268	12	19	studies	T062	C2603343
28485268	23	30	amylase	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
28485268	32	38	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
28485268	43	51	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28485268	55	79	Callosobruchus maculatus	T204	C1024702
28485268	81	91	Coleoptera	T204	C0009276
28485268	93	106	Chrysomelidae	T204	C1001499
28485268	108	119	populations	T098	C1257890
28485268	129	146	Vigna unguiculata	T002	C0996865
28485268	147	152	grain	T168	C0007757
28485268	153	163	cultivated	T062	C0242481
28485268	169	198	diazotrophic bacteria strains	T007	C0004611
28485268	221	226	study	T062	C2603343
28485268	247	265	enzymatic activity	T044	C0243102
28485268	269	280	homogenates	T072	C3829671
28485268	284	291	insects	T204	C0021585
28485268	299	304	grain	T168	C0007757
28485268	308	314	cowpea	T002	C0996865
28485268	316	338	Vigna unguiculata (L.)	T002	C0996865
28485268	340	349	cultivars	T002	C0032098
28485268	371	379	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28485268	432	442	homogenate	T072	C3829671
28485268	458	463	adult	T100	C0001675
28485268	464	471	insects	T204	C0021585
28485268	494	499	grain	T168	C0007757
28485268	519	525	cowpea	T002	C0996865
28485268	526	535	cultivars	T002	C0032098
28485268	539	548	BRS Acauã	T002	C0032098
28485268	554	564	BRS Carijó	T002	C0032098
28485268	570	581	BRS Pujante	T002	C0032098
28485268	591	603	BRS Tapaihum	T002	C0032098
28485268	639	647	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28485268	657	664	mineral	T197	C0026162
28485268	665	675	fertilizer	T073,T131	C0015919
28485268	677	688	inoculation	T059	C0022885
28485268	694	716	strains of diazotrophs	T007	C0004611
28485268	718	725	BR 3267	T007	C3917457
28485268	727	734	BR 3262	T007	C3917456
28485268	736	743	BR 3299	T007	C0004611
28485268	745	756	INPA 03-11B	T007	C0004611
28485268	758	768	03-84 UFLA	T007	C0004611
28485268	785	792	control	T096	C0009932
28485268	799	803	soil	T167	C0037592
28485268	804	812	nitrogen	T123,T196	C0028158
28485268	845	865	enzymatic activities	T044	C0243102
28485268	869	875	insect	T204	C0021585
28485268	876	884	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28485268	886	893	amylase	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
28485268	898	904	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
28485268	913	919	starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
28485268	935	941	grains	T168	C0007757
28485268	973	991	enzymatic activity	T044	C0243102
28485268	995	1002	amylase	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
28485268	1004	1010	lipase	T116,T121,T126	C0023764
28485268	1015	1023	protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28485268	1027	1033	insect	T204	C0021585
28485268	1034	1044	homogenate	T072	C3829671
28485268	1062	1066	food	T168	C0016452
28485268	1083	1105	activity of the enzyme	T044	C0243102
28485268	1106	1113	amylase	T116,T121,T126	C0002712
28485268	1119	1131	C. maculatus	T204	C1024702
28485268	1132	1142	homogenate	T072	C3829671
28485268	1161	1168	insects	T204	C0021585
28485268	1178	1183	grain	T168	C0007757
28485268	1191	1210	cultivar BRS Carijó	T002	C0032098
28485268	1220	1245	activity of lipase enzyme	T044	C1149836
28485268	1251	1263	C. maculatus	T204	C1024702
28485268	1264	1274	homogenate	T072	C3829671
28485268	1297	1304	insects	T204	C0021585
28485268	1312	1317	grain	T168	C0007757
28485268	1346	1363	cultivar Tapaihum	T002	C0032098
28485268	1380	1399	BR 3262 diazotrophs	T007	C3917456
28485268	1412	1432	proteolytic activity	T044	C0597304
28485268	1449	1459	homogenate	T072	C3829671
28485268	1463	1470	insects	T204	C0021585
28485268	1495	1505	BRS Carijó	T002	C0032098
28485268	1524	1542	BR 3262 diazotroph	T007	C3917456
28485268	1546	1552	Starch	T109,T121,T123	C0038179
28485268	1592	1608	amylase activity	T044	C1150038
28485268	1612	1624	C. maculatus	T204	C1024702
28485268	1625	1635	homogenate	T072	C3829671
28485268	1641	1660	cultivar BRS Carijó	T002	C0032098
28485268	1701	1710	cultivars	T002	C0032098
28485268	1729	1745	cluster analysis	T062	C0009085

28485296|t|The correlation of the results of the survey SNOT-20 of objective studies of nasal obstruction and the geometry of the nasal cavities
28485296|a|In this paper were verified the correlation between the results of the survey SNOT-20 and the results of the objective tests of nasal obstruction which are rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry before and after surgical treatment, such as septoplasty, septoconchoplasty, ethmoidectomy and septoethmoidectomy. The material used in this study was 233 patients diagnosed routinely in the Rhinomanometry Laboratory of the Department of Otolaryngology at the Medical University of Warsaw, reporting rhinological problems. Data were obtained from 70 women (31,4%) ranging in ages from 18 to 81 years of age and 153 men (68,6%) ranging in ages from 16 to 81 years of age. The researches presented in the study were made using the device RhinoMetrics SRE 2100 which combines the Rhinomanometer (RhinoStream) and Acoustic Rhinometer (RhinoScan) Interacoustics AS (Denmark). Survey SNOT-20 (Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20) in Polish was completed by patients before surgery and during the postoperative control visits. The calculated correlations between the objective parameter, which was the resistance to the flow of air through the nasal cavity, and the subjective feelings of respondents expressed in the survey SNOT-20 were generally weak, and statistical significance was achieved with respect to the first question survey (the severity of the nose obstruction) for all components of resistance flow. The feeling of nasal obstruction is the most reproducible and reliable complaint reported by the patient with rhinological problems.
28485296	4	30	correlation of the results	T081	C0010100
28485296	38	52	survey SNOT-20	T170	C0038951
28485296	56	73	objective studies	T078	C2985627
28485296	77	94	nasal obstruction	T033	C0027429
28485296	119	133	nasal cavities	T030	C0027423
28485296	166	197	correlation between the results	T081	C0010100
28485296	205	219	survey SNOT-20	T170	C0038951
28485296	228	258	results of the objective tests	T033	C0243095
28485296	262	279	nasal obstruction	T033	C0027429
28485296	290	304	rhinomanometry	T060	C0430615
28485296	309	328	acoustic rhinometry	T060	C0430619
28485296	346	364	surgical treatment	T061	C0543467
28485296	374	385	septoplasty	T061	C0844334
28485296	387	404	septoconchoplasty	T060	C0430022
28485296	406	419	ethmoidectomy	T061	C0189149
28485296	424	442	septoethmoidectomy	T060	C0430022
28485296	484	492	patients	T101	C0030705
28485296	493	502	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28485296	520	534	Rhinomanometry	T060	C0430615
28485296	535	545	Laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28485296	553	581	Department of Otolaryngology	T093	C4047590
28485296	589	607	Medical University	T073,T093	C0000872
28485296	611	617	Warsaw	UnknownType	C0681784
28485296	629	650	rhinological problems	T047	C0029896
28485296	652	656	Data	T078	C1511726
28485296	679	684	women	T098	C0043210
28485296	744	747	men	T098	C0025266
28485296	865	886	RhinoMetrics SRE 2100	T074	C0025080
28485296	906	920	Rhinomanometer	T074	C0183043
28485296	922	933	RhinoStream	T074	C0183043
28485296	939	958	Acoustic Rhinometer	T074	C3881541
28485296	960	969	RhinoScan	T074	C3881541
28485296	971	988	Interacoustics AS	T074	C0025080
28485296	990	997	Denmark	T083	C0011318
28485296	1000	1014	Survey SNOT-20	T170	C0038951
28485296	1016	1042	Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20	T170	C0038951
28485296	1047	1053	Polish	UnknownType	C0681784
28485296	1071	1079	patients	T101	C0030705
28485296	1080	1094	before surgery	T079	C1254367
28485296	1099	1138	during the postoperative control visits	T079	C0032790
28485296	1180	1199	objective parameter	T033	C0449381
28485296	1215	1225	resistance	T169	C4281815
28485296	1233	1269	flow of air through the nasal cavity	T033	C0429203
28485296	1279	1313	subjective feelings of respondents	T033	C0243095
28485296	1331	1345	survey SNOT-20	T170	C0038951
28485296	1351	1365	generally weak	T080	C1762617
28485296	1371	1395	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
28485296	1429	1450	first question survey	T062	C0038949
28485296	1456	1488	severity of the nose obstruction	T033	C0027429
28485296	1512	1527	resistance flow	T169	C4281815
28485296	1544	1561	nasal obstruction	T033	C0027429
28485296	1626	1633	patient	T101	C0030705
28485296	1639	1660	rhinological problems	T047	C0029896

28486232|t|Osthole, a Coumadin Analog from Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson, Ameliorates Nucleus Pulposus - Induced Radicular Inflammatory Pain by Inhibiting the Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase in Rats
28486232|a|This study was aimed at assessing the role of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) in mechanical allodynia resulting from lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and exploring the osthole 's anti-nociceptive effect on ERK activation. Radicular pain was generated by applying nucleus pulposus (NP) to the L5 dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Allodynia was measured using Von Frey filaments to calculate the mechanical pain threshold. Phosphorylated ERK and total ERK protein in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn was detected by using the Western blot technique. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA was assessed by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The application of NP to L5 DRG induced mechanical hypersensitivity which lasted for at least 28 days, and a significant increase of ERK phosphorylation in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn from postoperative day (POD) 1 to POD 21. ERK inhibitor attenuated NP - induced hyperalgesia compared to the dimethyl sulfoxide -(vehicle control) administered group (p < 0.05). Epidural treatment with osthole could ameliorate NP - evoked hyperalgesia by suppressing the activation of ERK rather than decreasing the expression of ERK protein. Osthole could also inhibit the increased expression of COX-2 mRNA in spinal dorsal horn, which was a known downstream effect of ERK signaling pathway. Our results suggest that ERK activation in the spinal dorsal horn plays a vital role in NP - evoked hyperalgesia. Osthole exerts analgesic effect on radicular inflammatory pain in LDH rat model, by down-regulating the mRNA expression of the target gene of COX-2 via inhibiting ERK activation in the spinal dorsal horn.
28486232	0	7	Osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28486232	11	19	Coumadin	T109,T121	C0699129
28486232	20	26	Analog	T104	C0243071
28486232	32	60	Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson	T002	C1042483
28486232	74	90	Nucleus Pulposus	T023	C1185714
28486232	93	100	Induced	T169	C0205263
28486232	101	128	Radicular Inflammatory Pain	T184	C0278147
28486232	132	142	Inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28486232	147	157	Activation	T045	C0599177
28486232	161	198	Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	202	206	Rats	T015	C0034693
28486232	212	217	study	T062	C2603343
28486232	231	240	assessing	T058	C0184514
28486232	245	249	role	T170	C1704326
28486232	253	290	extracellular signal regulated kinase	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	292	295	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	300	320	mechanical allodynia	T184	C2936719
28486232	336	358	lumbar disc herniation	T020	C0281899
28486232	360	363	LDH	T020	C0281899
28486232	383	390	osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28486232	394	417	anti-nociceptive effect	T033	C0243095
28486232	421	424	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	425	435	activation	T045	C0599177
28486232	437	451	Radicular pain	T184	C0278147
28486232	456	465	generated	T052	C3146294
28486232	478	494	nucleus pulposus	T023	C1185714
28486232	496	498	NP	T023	C1185714
28486232	507	530	L5 dorsal root ganglion	T023	C0017070
28486232	532	535	DRG	T023	C0017070
28486232	538	547	Allodynia	T184	C2936719
28486232	552	560	measured	T080	C0444706
28486232	567	585	Von Frey filaments	T074	C3882122
28486232	603	628	mechanical pain threshold	T033	C0162703
28486232	630	648	Phosphorylated ERK	T116,T123	C0033684
28486232	653	658	total	T080	C0439810
28486232	659	662	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	663	670	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28486232	678	684	lumbar	T029	C0024090
28486232	685	703	spinal dorsal horn	T023	C0228564
28486232	708	716	detected	T033	C0442726
28486232	730	752	Western blot technique	T059,T063	C0005863
28486232	754	770	Cyclooxygenase 2	T116,T126	C0387583
28486232	772	777	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
28486232	779	783	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28486232	788	796	assessed	T052	C1516048
28486232	800	809	real-time	T063	C1709846
28486232	810	857	reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction	T063	C0599161
28486232	878	880	NP	T023	C1185714
28486232	887	890	DRG	T023	C0017070
28486232	891	898	induced	T169	C0205263
28486232	899	926	mechanical hypersensitivity	T046	C0020517
28486232	956	960	days	T079	C0439228
28486232	980	988	increase	T169	C0442805
28486232	992	995	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	996	1011	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28486232	1019	1030	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
28486232	1031	1049	spinal dorsal horn	T023	C0228564
28486232	1055	1068	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28486232	1069	1072	day	T079	C0439228
28486232	1074	1077	POD	T079	C0439228
28486232	1084	1087	POD	T079	C0439228
28486232	1092	1095	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	1096	1105	inhibitor	T116,T121	C3537035
28486232	1106	1116	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28486232	1117	1119	NP	T023	C1185714
28486232	1122	1129	induced	T169	C0205263
28486232	1130	1142	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28486232	1159	1177	dimethyl sulfoxide	T109,T121	C0012403
28486232	1180	1195	vehicle control	T122	C0042444
28486232	1197	1209	administered	T169	C1521801
28486232	1210	1215	group	T078	C0441833
28486232	1228	1236	Epidural	T030	C0228134
28486232	1237	1246	treatment	T169	C1522326
28486232	1252	1259	osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28486232	1277	1279	NP	T023	C1185714
28486232	1282	1288	evoked	T080	C1444748
28486232	1289	1301	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28486232	1305	1316	suppressing	T169	C1260953
28486232	1321	1331	activation	T045	C0599177
28486232	1335	1338	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	1351	1361	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28486232	1366	1376	expression	T045	C1171362
28486232	1380	1383	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	1384	1391	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28486232	1393	1400	Osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28486232	1412	1419	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28486232	1424	1433	increased	T081	C0205217
28486232	1434	1444	expression	T045	C1171362
28486232	1448	1453	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
28486232	1454	1458	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28486232	1462	1480	spinal dorsal horn	T023	C0228564
28486232	1500	1517	downstream effect	T033	C0243095
28486232	1521	1524	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	1525	1542	signaling pathway	T044	C0037080
28486232	1569	1572	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	1573	1583	activation	T045	C0599177
28486232	1591	1609	spinal dorsal horn	T023	C0228564
28486232	1632	1634	NP	T023	C1185714
28486232	1637	1643	evoked	T080	C1444748
28486232	1644	1656	hyperalgesia	T184	C0020429
28486232	1658	1665	Osthole	T109,T121	C0069679
28486232	1673	1689	analgesic effect	T033	C0948482
28486232	1693	1720	radicular inflammatory pain	T184	C0278147
28486232	1724	1727	LDH	T020	C0281899
28486232	1728	1731	rat	T015	C0034693
28486232	1732	1737	model	T008	C0599779
28486232	1742	1757	down-regulating	T044	C0013081
28486232	1762	1766	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28486232	1767	1777	expression	T045	C0017262
28486232	1785	1791	target	T169	C1521840
28486232	1792	1796	gene	T028	C0017337
28486232	1800	1805	COX-2	T116,T126	C0387583
28486232	1810	1820	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28486232	1821	1824	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28486232	1825	1835	activation	T045	C0599177
28486232	1843	1861	spinal dorsal horn	T023	C0228564

28486801|t|Potential Anti-inflammatory Steroidal Saponins from the Berries of Solanum nigrum L. (European Black Nightshade)
28486801|a|Solanum nigrum L. or European black nightshade (Solanum genus) is a common weed of crops and gardens. The berries and leaves of S. nigrum L. are consumed as food or vegetable in some regions and reported to possess a range of biological activities. In this study, nine new steroidal saponins, solanigrosides Y1-Y9 (1-6, 10-12), together with seven known congeners, were isolated from the berries of S. nigrum. Their potential inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6 and IL-1β production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages cell line RAW 264.7 were evaluated. Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibition on NO production with an IC50 value of 9.7 μM, and some compounds exhibited significant inhibition effects on the LPS -induced IL-6 and IL-1β production. These results suggest that the steroidal saponins from berries of S. nigrum demonstrated pronounced anti-inflammatory activity and might be explored as a healthy benefit agent.
28486801	10	37	Anti-inflammatory Steroidal	T109,T121	C0003212
28486801	38	46	Saponins	T109	C0036189
28486801	56	63	Berries	T168	C0005135
28486801	67	84	Solanum nigrum L.	T002	C0331225
28486801	86	111	European Black Nightshade	T002	C0331225
28486801	113	130	Solanum nigrum L.	T002	C0331225
28486801	134	159	European black nightshade	T002	C0331225
28486801	161	174	Solanum genus	T002	C0331221
28486801	188	192	weed	T002	C0005337
28486801	196	201	crops	T002	C0242775
28486801	206	213	gardens	T080	C4019428
28486801	219	226	berries	T168	C0005135
28486801	231	237	leaves	T002	C0242724
28486801	241	253	S. nigrum L.	T002	C0331225
28486801	258	266	consumed	T039	C1947907
28486801	270	274	food	T168	C0016452
28486801	278	287	vegetable	T168	C0042440
28486801	296	303	regions	T083	C0017446
28486801	320	327	possess	T078	C3154893
28486801	339	360	biological activities	T052	C0441655
28486801	370	375	study	T062	C2603343
28486801	386	404	steroidal saponins	T109	C0036189
28486801	406	426	solanigrosides Y1-Y9	T109	C0036189
28486801	428	431	1-6	T109	C0036189
28486801	433	438	10-12	T109	C0036189
28486801	467	476	congeners	T104	C0678518
28486801	483	491	isolated	T169	C0205409
28486801	501	508	berries	T168	C0005135
28486801	512	521	S. nigrum	T002	C0331225
28486801	539	557	inhibitory effects	T052	C3463820
28486801	561	573	nitric oxide	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28486801	575	577	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28486801	583	587	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28486801	592	597	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28486801	598	608	production	T040	C3159141
28486801	609	616	induced	T169	C0205263
28486801	620	638	lipopolysaccharide	T109	C0023810
28486801	640	643	LPS	T109	C0023810
28486801	648	659	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28486801	660	679	cell line RAW 264.7	T025	C4042840
28486801	696	706	Compound 1	T109	C0036189
28486801	729	739	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28486801	743	745	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28486801	746	756	production	T169	C0005572
28486801	765	775	IC50 value	T081	C0600495
28486801	796	805	compounds	T109	C0036189
28486801	828	846	inhibition effects	T052	C3463820
28486801	854	857	LPS	T109	C0023810
28486801	867	871	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28486801	876	881	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28486801	882	892	production	T040	C3159141
28486801	925	943	steroidal saponins	T109	C0036189
28486801	949	956	berries	T168	C0005135
28486801	960	969	S. nigrum	T002	C0331225
28486801	994	1020	anti-inflammatory activity	T080	C1515999
28486801	1048	1069	healthy benefit agent	T081	C0814225

28486810|t|A Facile Strategy to Prepare an Enzyme - Responsive Mussel Mimetic Coating for Drug Delivery Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
28486810|a|Surface functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been widely used as promosing materials for drug delivery. Herein, we reported a facile strategy to construct MSNs coated by enzyme - resposive polylysine - dopamine (PLDA) films through self-polymerization of dopamine derivative lysine - dopamine, in which the drug could be loaded and delivered efficiently. In detail, RhB or DOX was used as a drug model and loaded in functional MSNs via a one-pot procedure among MSNs, drug, and lysine - dopamine (LDA) under basic conditions. Owing to the fact that the peptide bonds between lysine and dopamine can be cleaved under triggering by pepsin, the resulting RhB / DOX @ PLDA - MSNs exibit enzyme - responsive characterization. After the DOX @ PLDA - MSNs enter into the cancer cells, the drug can be released effectively through degradation of peptide bonds under the influence of enzyme in cancer cells, which shows marked anticancer activity in vitro. This facile strategy may provide a new platform to construct enzyme - responsive controlled drug delivery systems.
28486810	2	8	Facile	T080	C0205352
28486810	9	17	Strategy	T062	C0035171
28486810	32	38	Enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28486810	41	51	Responsive	T169	C0205342
28486810	52	58	Mussel	T204	C0026871
28486810	59	66	Mimetic	T091	C0920591
28486810	67	74	Coating	T080	C1522408
28486810	79	92	Drug Delivery	T058	C1881966
28486810	102	119	Mesoporous Silica	T122,T197	C0037098
28486810	120	133	Nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28486810	134	141	Surface	T082	C0205148
28486810	142	152	functional	T169	C0205245
28486810	153	170	mesoporous silica	T122,T197	C0037098
28486810	171	184	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28486810	186	190	MSNs	T122,T197	C0037098
28486810	227	236	materials	T122	C0005479
28486810	241	254	drug delivery	T058	C1881966
28486810	278	284	facile	T080	C0205352
28486810	285	293	strategy	T062	C0035171
28486810	307	311	MSNs	T122,T197	C0037098
28486810	312	318	coated	T080	C1522408
28486810	322	328	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28486810	331	340	resposive	T169	C0205342
28486810	341	351	polylysine	T116	C0032518
28486810	354	362	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28486810	364	368	PLDA	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28486810	370	375	films	T167	C1561572
28486810	384	403	self-polymerization	T067	C0314672
28486810	407	415	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28486810	427	433	lysine	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
28486810	436	444	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28486810	459	463	drug	T121	C0013227
28486810	473	479	loaded	T052	C1708715
28486810	484	493	delivered	T169	C1705822
28486810	494	505	efficiently	T080	C0442799
28486810	518	521	RhB	T109,T130	C0073194
28486810	525	528	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28486810	543	547	drug	T121	C1254351
28486810	548	553	model	T062	C1515654
28486810	558	564	loaded	T052	C1708715
28486810	568	578	functional	T169	C0205245
28486810	579	583	MSNs	T122,T197	C0037098
28486810	614	618	MSNs	T122,T197	C0037098
28486810	620	624	drug	T121	C1254351
28486810	630	636	lysine	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
28486810	639	647	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28486810	649	652	LDA	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28486810	660	665	basic	T120	C0178499
28486810	666	676	conditions	T080	C0348080
28486810	705	718	peptide bonds	UnknownType	C0678595
28486810	727	733	lysine	T116,T121,T123	C0024337
28486810	738	746	dopamine	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28486810	754	761	cleaved	T067	C0596311
28486810	768	781	triggering by	T080	C1444748
28486810	782	788	pepsin	T116,T121,T126	C0030909
28486810	804	807	RhB	T109,T130	C0073194
28486810	810	813	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28486810	816	820	PLDA	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28486810	823	827	MSNs	T122,T197	C0037098
28486810	835	841	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28486810	844	854	responsive	T169	C0205342
28486810	855	871	characterization	T052	C1880022
28486810	883	886	DOX	T109,T195	C0013089
28486810	889	893	PLDA	T109,T121,T123	C0013030
28486810	896	900	MSNs	T122,T197	C0037098
28486810	916	928	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28486810	934	938	drug	T121	C1254351
28486810	946	954	released	T169	C0391871
28486810	955	966	effectively	T080	C1280519
28486810	975	1003	degradation of peptide bonds	T044	C0597304
28486810	1014	1023	influence	T077	C4054723
28486810	1027	1033	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28486810	1037	1049	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28486810	1070	1080	anticancer	T109,T121	C0003392
28486810	1081	1089	activity	T169	C0205177
28486810	1090	1098	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28486810	1105	1111	facile	T080	C0205352
28486810	1112	1120	strategy	T062	C0035171
28486810	1161	1167	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28486810	1170	1180	responsive	T169	C0205342
28486810	1181	1191	controlled	T169	C2587213
28486810	1192	1213	drug delivery systems	T058	C1881966

28486889|t|Coming full circle: thirty years of paediatric fluid resuscitation
28486889|a|Fluid bolus therapy (FBT) is a cornerstone of the management of the septic child, but clinical research in this field is challenging to perform, and hard to interpret. The evidence base for independent benefit from liberal FBT in the developed world is limited, and the Fluid Expansion as Supportive Therapy (FEAST) trial has led to conservative changes in the World Health Organization - recommended approach to FBT in resource-poor settings. Trials in the intensive care unit (ICU) and emergency department settings post-FEAST have continued to explore liberal FBT strategies as the norm, despite a strong signal associating fluid accumulation with pulmonary pathology in the paediatric population. Modern clinical trial methodology may ameliorate the traditional challenges of performing randomised interventional trials in critically ill children. Such trials could examine differing strategies of fluid resuscitation, or compare early FBT to early vasoactive agent use. Given the ubiquity of FBT and the potential for harm, appropriately powered examinations of the efficacy of FBT compared to alternative interventions in the paediatric emergency and ICU settings in the developed world appear justified and warranted.
28486889	36	46	paediatric	T091	C0030755
28486889	47	66	fluid resuscitation	T061	C0150238
28486889	67	86	Fluid bolus therapy	T061	C0016286
28486889	88	91	FBT	T061	C0016286
28486889	98	127	cornerstone of the management	T058	C0376636
28486889	135	147	septic child	T047	C3826128
28486889	153	170	clinical research	T062	C0008972
28486889	216	233	hard to interpret	T169	C1285553
28486889	239	252	evidence base	T078	C3887511
28486889	290	293	FBT	T061	C0016286
28486889	337	374	Fluid Expansion as Supportive Therapy	T061	C0436313
28486889	376	381	FEAST	T061	C0436313
28486889	383	388	trial	T062	C0008976
28486889	428	453	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
28486889	456	476	recommended approach	T170	C2964444
28486889	480	483	FBT	T061	C0016286
28486889	511	517	Trials	T062	C0008976
28486889	525	544	intensive care unit	T073,T093	C0021710
28486889	546	549	ICU	T073,T093	C0021710
28486889	555	584	emergency department settings	T058	C0374899
28486889	585	595	post-FEAST	T061	C0436313
28486889	630	644	FBT strategies	T061	C0016286
28486889	645	656	as the norm	T081	C0237752
28486889	694	712	fluid accumulation	T169	C0333229
28486889	718	737	pulmonary pathology	T047	C0748168
28486889	745	766	paediatric population	T100	C0008059
28486889	775	801	clinical trial methodology	T062	C0008976
28486889	858	890	randomised interventional trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28486889	894	917	critically ill children	T101	C0175989
28486889	919	930	Such trials	T062	C0008976
28486889	969	988	fluid resuscitation	T061	C0150238
28486889	1007	1010	FBT	T061	C0016286
28486889	1020	1036	vasoactive agent	T121	C0597639
28486889	1064	1067	FBT	T061	C0016286
28486889	1076	1094	potential for harm	T058	C0511762
28486889	1118	1146	examinations of the efficacy	T062	C1707887
28486889	1150	1153	FBT	T061	C0016286
28486889	1166	1191	alternative interventions	T061	C0184661
28486889	1199	1219	paediatric emergency	T058	C4039843
28486889	1224	1236	ICU settings	T073,T093	C0021710

28486935|t|Emergency department use and barriers to wellness: a survey of emergency department frequent users
28486935|a|There is no common understanding of how needs of emergency department (ED) frequent users differ from other patients. This study sought to examine how to best serve this population. Examinations of why ED frequent users present to the ED, what barriers to care exist, and what service offerings may help these patients achieve an optimal level of health were conducted. We performed a prospective study of frequent ED users in an adult only, level 1 trauma center with approximately 90,000 visits per year. Frequent ED users were defined as those who make four or more ED visits in a 12 month period. Participants were administered a piloted structured interview by a trained researcher querying demographics, ED usage, perceived barriers to care, and potential aids to maintaining health. Of 1,523 screened patients, 297 were identified as frequent ED users. One hundred frequent ED users were enrolled. The mean age was 48 years (95% CI 45-51). The majority of subjects were female (64%, 64/100, 95% CI 55-73%), white (61%, 60/98, 95% CI 52-71%) and insured by Medicaid (55%, 47/86, 95% CI 44-65%) or Medicare (23%, 20/86, 95% CI 14-32%). Subjects had a median of 6 ED visits, and 2 inpatient admissions in the past 12 months at this hospital. Most frequent ED users (61%, 59/96, 95% CI 52-71%) stated the primary reason for their visit was that they felt that their health problem could only be treated in an ED. Transportation presented as a major barrier to few patients (7%, 7/95, 95% CI 3-14%). Subjects stated that " after-hours options, besides the ED for minor health issues " (63%, 60/95, 95% CI 53-73%) and having "a nurse to work with you one-on-one to help manage health care needs " (53%, 50/95, 95% CI 43-63%) would be most helpful in achieving optimal health. This study characterized ED frequent users and identified several opportunities to better serve this population. By understanding barriers to care from the patient perspective, health systems can potentially address unmet needs that prevent wellness in this population.
28486935	0	20	Emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	21	24	use	T169	C0457083
28486935	29	37	barriers	T080	C0679881
28486935	41	49	wellness	T078	C0018684
28486935	53	59	survey	T170	C0038951
28486935	63	83	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	84	92	frequent	T079	C0332183
28486935	93	98	users	T098	C1706077
28486935	139	144	needs	T080	C0027552
28486935	148	168	emergency department	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	170	172	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	174	182	frequent	T079	C0332183
28486935	183	188	users	T098	C1706077
28486935	207	215	patients	T101	C0030705
28486935	222	227	study	T062	C2603343
28486935	269	279	population	T098	C1257890
28486935	281	293	Examinations	T058	C0582103
28486935	301	303	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	304	312	frequent	T079	C0332183
28486935	313	318	users	T098	C1706077
28486935	319	326	present	T033	C0150312
28486935	334	336	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	343	351	barriers	T080	C0679881
28486935	355	359	care	T058	C0017313
28486935	360	365	exist	T077	C2987476
28486935	376	383	service	T057	C0557854
28486935	409	417	patients	T101	C0030705
28486935	429	436	optimal	T080	C2698651
28486935	437	442	level	T080	C0441889
28486935	446	452	health	T078	C0018684
28486935	484	501	prospective study	T062	C0033522
28486935	505	513	frequent	T079	C0332183
28486935	514	516	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	517	522	users	T098	C1706077
28486935	529	534	adult	T100	C0001675
28486935	541	562	level 1 trauma center	T073,T093	C0040786
28486935	568	581	approximately	T080	C0332232
28486935	589	595	visits	T058	C1512346
28486935	596	604	per year	T079	C0439508
28486935	606	614	Frequent	T079	C0332183
28486935	615	617	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	618	623	users	T098	C1706077
28486935	668	677	ED visits	T058	C0586082
28486935	686	691	month	T079	C0439231
28486935	692	698	period	T079	C1948053
28486935	700	712	Participants	T098	C0679646
28486935	718	730	administered	T169	C1521801
28486935	733	761	piloted structured interview	UnknownType	C0681913
28486935	767	785	trained researcher	T097	C0035173
28486935	786	794	querying	T170	C1522634
28486935	795	807	demographics	T090	C0011298
28486935	809	811	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	812	817	usage	T169	C0457083
28486935	819	837	perceived barriers	T080	C0205556
28486935	841	845	care	T058	C0017313
28486935	861	865	aids	T080	C0205556
28486935	869	887	maintaining health	T055	C2371475
28486935	898	906	screened	T058	C1710032
28486935	907	915	patients	T101	C0030705
28486935	926	936	identified	T080	C0205396
28486935	940	948	frequent	T079	C0332183
28486935	949	951	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	952	957	users	T098	C1706077
28486935	971	979	frequent	T079	C0332183
28486935	980	982	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	983	988	users	T098	C1706077
28486935	1008	1016	mean age	T032	C0001779
28486935	1024	1029	years	T079	C1510829
28486935	1035	1037	CI	T081	C0009667
28486935	1062	1070	subjects	T098	C0080105
28486935	1076	1082	female	T098	C0043210
28486935	1101	1103	CI	T081	C0009667
28486935	1113	1118	white	T098	C1257890
28486935	1136	1138	CI	T081	C0009667
28486935	1151	1158	insured	T170	C1548605
28486935	1162	1170	Medicaid	T064	C0025071
28486935	1188	1190	CI	T081	C0009667
28486935	1202	1210	Medicare	T064	C0018717
28486935	1228	1230	CI	T081	C0009667
28486935	1240	1248	Subjects	T098	C0080105
28486935	1255	1261	median	T081	C0439536
28486935	1267	1276	ED visits	T058	C0586082
28486935	1284	1304	inpatient admissions	T169	C0420512
28486935	1312	1316	past	T079	C1444637
28486935	1320	1326	months	T079	C0439231
28486935	1335	1343	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28486935	1350	1358	frequent	T079	C0332183
28486935	1359	1361	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	1362	1367	users	T098	C1706077
28486935	1385	1387	CI	T081	C0009667
28486935	1407	1421	primary reason	T078	C1549995
28486935	1432	1437	visit	T058	C1512346
28486935	1468	1482	health problem	T033	C1398682
28486935	1497	1504	treated	T169	C1522326
28486935	1511	1513	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	1515	1529	Transportation	T078	C1554194
28486935	1545	1550	major	T080	C0205164
28486935	1551	1558	barrier	T080	C0205556
28486935	1562	1565	few	T081	C0205388
28486935	1566	1574	patients	T101	C0030705
28486935	1590	1592	CI	T081	C0009667
28486935	1601	1609	Subjects	T098	C0080105
28486935	1624	1643	after-hours options	T058	C1136313
28486935	1657	1659	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	1664	1669	minor	T080	C0205165
28486935	1670	1683	health issues	T078	C2362508
28486935	1703	1705	CI	T081	C0009667
28486935	1728	1733	nurse	T097	C0028661
28486935	1737	1741	work	T057	C0043227
28486935	1751	1761	one-on-one	T061	C0557987
28486935	1770	1776	manage	T058	C0184516
28486935	1777	1788	health care	T058	C0086388
28486935	1789	1794	needs	T080	C0027552
28486935	1814	1816	CI	T081	C0009667
28486935	1860	1867	optimal	T080	C2698651
28486935	1868	1874	health	T078	C0018684
28486935	1881	1886	study	T062	C2603343
28486935	1887	1900	characterized	T052	C1880022
28486935	1901	1903	ED	T073,T093	C0562508
28486935	1904	1912	frequent	T079	C0332183
28486935	1913	1918	users	T098	C1706077
28486935	1923	1933	identified	T080	C0205396
28486935	1934	1941	several	T081	C0443302
28486935	1942	1955	opportunities	T062	C0683937
28486935	1977	1987	population	T098	C1257890
28486935	2006	2014	barriers	T080	C0205556
28486935	2018	2022	care	T058	C0017313
28486935	2032	2039	patient	T101	C0030705
28486935	2053	2067	health systems	T064	C1456613
28486935	2098	2103	needs	T080	C0027552
28486935	2109	2116	prevent	T080	C2700409
28486935	2117	2125	wellness	T078	C0018684
28486935	2134	2144	population	T098	C1257890

28487075|t|N-(1H-Pyrazol-3-yl)quinazolin-4-amines as a novel class of casein kinase 1δ / ε inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies
28487075|a|Described herein is the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)quinazolin-4-amines against a panel of eight disease relevant protein kinases. The kinase inhibition results indicated that two compounds inhibited casein kinase 1δ / ε (CK1δ / ε) with some selectivity over related kinases, namely CDK5/p25, GSK-3α / β, and DYRK1A. Docking studies with 3c and 3d revealed the key interactions with desired amino acids in the ATP binding site of CK1δ. Furthermore, compound 3c also elicited selective cytotoxic activity against the pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PANC-1) cell line. Taken together, the results of this study establish N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)quinazolin-4-amines especially 3c and 3d as valuable lead molecules with great potential for CK1δ / ε inhibitor development targeting neurodegenerative disorders and cancer.
28487075	0	38	N-(1H-Pyrazol-3-yl)quinazolin-4-amines	T121	C1254351
28487075	44	55	novel class	T080	C0205314
28487075	59	75	casein kinase 1δ	T116,T126	C1171766
28487075	78	79	ε	T116,T126	C0752519
28487075	80	90	inhibitors	T120	C0243077
28487075	92	101	Synthesis	T052	C1883254
28487075	103	113	biological	T080	C0205460
28487075	114	124	evaluation	T078	C1550157
28487075	129	155	molecular modeling studies	T062,T170	C0600115
28487075	180	186	design	T052	C1707689
28487075	188	197	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28487075	202	212	biological	T080	C0205460
28487075	213	223	evaluation	T078	C1550157
28487075	239	277	N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)quinazolin-4-amines	T121	C1254351
28487075	303	310	disease	T047	C0012634
28487075	311	319	relevant	T080	C2347946
28487075	320	335	protein kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
28487075	341	358	kinase inhibition	T044	C2247121
28487075	367	376	indicated	T033	C1444656
28487075	386	395	compounds	T121	C1254351
28487075	396	405	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28487075	406	422	casein kinase 1δ	T116,T126	C1171766
28487075	425	426	ε	T116,T126	C0752519
28487075	428	432	CK1δ	T116,T126	C1171766
28487075	435	436	ε	T116,T126	C0752519
28487075	448	459	selectivity	T080	C0205556
28487075	473	480	kinases	T116,T126	C0033640
28487075	489	497	CDK5/p25	T116,T126	C0249586
28487075	499	505	GSK-3α	T116,T126	C3853562
28487075	508	509	β	T116,T126	C4283740
28487075	515	521	DYRK1A	T116,T126	C1453762
28487075	523	530	Docking	T044	C1522290
28487075	531	538	studies	T059	C0947630
28487075	544	546	3c	T121	C1254351
28487075	551	553	3d	T121	C1254351
28487075	554	562	revealed	T080	C0443289
28487075	571	583	interactions	T169	C1704675
28487075	597	608	amino acids	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28487075	616	619	ATP	T114,T121,T123	C0001480
28487075	620	632	binding site	T044	C1149343
28487075	636	640	CK1δ	T116,T126	C1171766
28487075	655	666	compound 3c	T121	C1254351
28487075	672	680	elicited	T080	C0449265
28487075	691	700	cytotoxic	T169	C1511636
28487075	701	709	activity	T052	C0441655
28487075	710	717	against	T080	C0521124
28487075	722	752	pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma	T191	C1335302
28487075	754	760	PANC-1	T191	C1335302
28487075	762	771	cell line	T025	C0085983
28487075	793	800	results	T169	C1274040
28487075	809	814	study	T062	C2603343
28487075	825	863	N-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)quinazolin-4-amines	T121	C1254351
28487075	875	877	3c	T121	C1254351
28487075	882	884	3d	T121	C1254351
28487075	897	911	lead molecules	T167	C0567416
28487075	923	932	potential	T080	C3245505
28487075	937	941	CK1δ	T116,T126	C1171766
28487075	944	945	ε	T116,T126	C0752519
28487075	946	955	inhibitor	T120	C0243077
28487075	956	967	development	T169	C1527148
28487075	968	977	targeting	T169	C1521840
28487075	978	1005	neurodegenerative disorders	T047	C0524851
28487075	1010	1016	cancer	T191	C0006826

28487334|t|Hemorrhage Risk of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations During Pregnancy and Puerperium in a North American Cohort
28487334|a|Conclusions reached in existing literature about risk of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) hemorrhage during pregnancy are controversial. This study compares the risk of hemorrhage in pregnant and nonpregnant female patients with AVM in a North American cohort. We retrospectively reviewed female patients with AVM evaluated from 1990 to 2015. Exposure period for pregnancy and puerperium was calculated as 40 and 6 weeks, respectively, for each full-term pregnancy and 6 weeks for each abortion. Hemorrhage events and patient-years were calculated during an exposure period (pregnancy and puerperium), and a nonexposure period defined as either the interval from birth until AVM obliteration or until last follow-up after subtracting exposure period. Poisson rate ratio test was used to compare rate of hemorrhage between exposure and nonexposure periods. For 270 female patients with AVM, mean age was 35.0±19.6 years, and race distribution was white (n=165, 61.1%), black (n=59, 21.9%), Hispanic (n=9, 3.3%), Asian (n=6, 2.2%), and other (n=31, 11.5%). From 191 total pregnancies occurring before AVM obliteration, there were 175 (91.6%) term deliveries and 16 (8.4%) abortions. Overall annual hemorrhage rate for 149 total hemorrhages during an average of 11 097 patient-years was 1.34%. There were 140 hemorrhages in nonexposed women and 9 hemorrhages in pregnant women, translating to an annual hemorrhage rate of 1.3% in nonpregnant women versus 5.7% in pregnant women (P<0.001). Identical analysis for reproductive age patients (15-50) demonstrated a rate of 1.3% versus 7.0% (P<0.001). Our results conflict with those from a recent study describing no increased rate of rupture during pregnancy. This difference may reflect unique population attributes influencing brain AVM hemorrhage during pregnancy.
28487334	0	10	Hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28487334	11	15	Risk	T058	C0086930
28487334	19	52	Brain Arteriovenous Malformations	T019	C0007772
28487334	60	69	Pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28487334	74	84	Puerperium	T079	C0034042
28487334	90	104	North American	T098	C2700615
28487334	105	111	Cohort	T098	C0599755
28487334	112	123	Conclusions	T078	C1707478
28487334	144	154	literature	T170	C0023866
28487334	161	165	risk	T058	C0086930
28487334	169	195	arteriovenous malformation	T019	C0003857
28487334	197	200	AVM	T019	C0003857
28487334	202	212	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28487334	220	229	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28487334	273	277	risk	T058	C0086930
28487334	281	291	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28487334	295	303	pregnant	T033	C0549206
28487334	308	319	nonpregnant	T033	C0232973
28487334	320	326	female	T032	C0086287
28487334	327	335	patients	T101	C0030705
28487334	341	344	AVM	T019	C0003857
28487334	350	364	North American	T098	C2700615
28487334	365	371	cohort	T098	C0599755
28487334	392	400	reviewed	T169	C0699752
28487334	401	407	female	T032	C0086287
28487334	408	416	patients	T101	C0030705
28487334	422	425	AVM	T019	C0003857
28487334	455	463	Exposure	T080	C0332157
28487334	464	470	period	T079	C1948053
28487334	475	484	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28487334	489	499	puerperium	T079	C0034042
28487334	527	532	weeks	T079	C0439230
28487334	557	566	full-term	T170	C1547236
28487334	567	576	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28487334	583	588	weeks	T079	C0439230
28487334	598	606	abortion	T033	C0156543
28487334	608	618	Hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28487334	619	625	events	T051	C0441471
28487334	630	643	patient-years	T081	C1708485
28487334	670	678	exposure	T080	C0332157
28487334	679	685	period	T079	C1948053
28487334	687	696	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28487334	701	711	puerperium	T079	C0034042
28487334	732	738	period	T079	C1948053
28487334	775	780	birth	T040	C0005615
28487334	787	790	AVM	T019	C0003857
28487334	791	803	obliteration	T169	C0332465
28487334	818	827	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28487334	834	845	subtracting	T067	C2348589
28487334	846	854	exposure	T080	C0332157
28487334	855	861	period	T079	C1948053
28487334	863	875	Poisson rate	T081	C1521828
28487334	876	881	ratio	T081	C0456603
28487334	907	911	rate	T081	C1521828
28487334	915	925	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28487334	934	942	exposure	T080	C0332157
28487334	959	966	periods	T079	C1948053
28487334	976	982	female	T032	C0086287
28487334	983	991	patients	T101	C0030705
28487334	997	1000	AVM	T019	C0003857
28487334	1007	1010	age	T032	C0001779
28487334	1036	1040	race	T098	C0034510
28487334	1041	1053	distribution	T169	C1704711
28487334	1058	1063	white	T098	C0043157
28487334	1080	1085	black	T098	C0005680
28487334	1101	1109	Hispanic	T098	C0086409
28487334	1123	1128	Asian	T098	C0078988
28487334	1182	1193	pregnancies	T040	C0032961
28487334	1211	1214	AVM	T019	C0003857
28487334	1215	1227	obliteration	T169	C0332465
28487334	1252	1267	term deliveries	T040	C0233089
28487334	1282	1291	abortions	T033	C0156543
28487334	1301	1307	annual	T079	C0332181
28487334	1308	1318	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28487334	1319	1323	rate	T081	C1521828
28487334	1338	1349	hemorrhages	T046	C0019080
28487334	1378	1391	patient-years	T081	C1708485
28487334	1418	1429	hemorrhages	T046	C0019080
28487334	1444	1449	women	T098	C0043210
28487334	1456	1467	hemorrhages	T046	C0019080
28487334	1471	1485	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28487334	1505	1511	annual	T079	C0332181
28487334	1512	1522	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28487334	1523	1527	rate	T081	C1521828
28487334	1539	1550	nonpregnant	T033	C0232973
28487334	1551	1556	women	T098	C0043210
28487334	1572	1586	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28487334	1608	1616	analysis	T062	C0936012
28487334	1621	1637	reproductive age	T032	C0001779
28487334	1638	1646	patients	T101	C0030705
28487334	1670	1674	rate	T081	C1521828
28487334	1782	1786	rate	T081	C1521828
28487334	1790	1797	rupture	T037	C3203359
28487334	1805	1814	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28487334	1851	1861	population	T098	C1257890
28487334	1885	1894	brain AVM	T019	C0007772
28487334	1895	1905	hemorrhage	T046	C0019080
28487334	1913	1922	pregnancy	T040	C0032961

28487667|t|When Is a Test Score Fair for the Individual Who Is Being Tested? Effects of Different Scoring Procedures across Multiple Attempts When Testing a Motor Skill Task
28487667|a|Tests or test batteries used for assessing motor skills, either in research studies or in clinical settings, apply a variety of procedures for scoring performances, including everything from one to ten attempts, of which the best is scored or an average is computed. The rationale behind scoring procedures is rarely stated, and it seems that the number of attempts allowed is decided without much qualification from research. It is uncertain whether procedures fairly capture an individual's skill level. Thus, the validity of the tests may be compromised. The present study tested 24 young female soccer players on the juggling of a soccer ball. They were given 10 attempts, and trials were scored according to nine different procedures including the ' best of ' or ' mean of ' either one, two, three, five, or ten attempts. Individual raw scores differed widely across trials, but no general effect of trials was found. The mean (SD) percentage difference between the lowest and highest scores was 27.7(9.9)%, with 17 players (71%) demonstrating a significant change from lowest to highest score. Correlations between raw scores were low across trials, while they were generally higher across scoring procedures. The first trial was significantly different from the remaining both as a raw score and as scoring procedure. The mean percentage difference between best-of-two and best-of-ten scores was 95%, with 50 % of the players demonstrating a significant difference between the two scoring procedures. No significant differences were found across mean-of-rule scorings. Best-of-rule and mean-of-rule scorings were significantly different except for the best-of-two vs. mean-of-two. The mean difference between highest and lowest rank across players was 6.7 (3.6), with individual rankings within the group varying 33% on average across procedures. One player moved from 3rd to 23rd place because of procedural differences. Therefore, it is concluded that scoring procedures affect results and may have an impact on test outcomes. This may present consequences for decision-making from test results, such as diagnosing and selection of intervention groups. We hope that our results would inspire further research into the scoring procedures of the vast amount of tests and tasks in common use.
28487667	10	20	Test Score	T080	C0237855
28487667	21	25	Fair	T080	C2911689
28487667	34	44	Individual	T098	C0237401
28487667	58	64	Tested	T170	C0392366
28487667	66	76	Effects of	T080	C1704420
28487667	87	105	Scoring Procedures	T062	C0036449
28487667	113	121	Multiple	T081	C0439064
28487667	122	130	Attempts	T051	C1516084
28487667	136	143	Testing	T169	C0039593
28487667	146	157	Motor Skill	T040	C0026612
28487667	158	162	Task	T057	C3540678
28487667	163	168	Tests	T170	C0392366
28487667	172	186	test batteries	T170	C0392366
28487667	196	205	assessing	T052	C1516048
28487667	206	218	motor skills	T040	C0026612
28487667	230	246	research studies	T062	C0681814
28487667	253	270	clinical settings	T062	C0008976
28487667	291	301	procedures	T169	C0025664
28487667	306	313	scoring	T062	C0036449
28487667	314	326	performances	T055	C0597198
28487667	365	373	attempts	T051	C1516084
28487667	396	402	scored	T081	C0449820
28487667	409	416	average	T081	C1510992
28487667	420	428	computed	T059	C1441526
28487667	451	458	scoring	T062	C0036449
28487667	459	469	procedures	T169	C0025664
28487667	520	528	attempts	T051	C1516084
28487667	580	588	research	T062	C0035168
28487667	614	624	procedures	T169	C0025664
28487667	643	655	individual's	T098	C0237401
28487667	656	661	skill	T040	C0026612
28487667	662	667	level	T080	C0441889
28487667	695	700	tests	T170	C0392366
28487667	733	738	study	T062	C2603343
28487667	739	745	tested	T170	C0392366
28487667	755	761	female	T098	C0043210
28487667	762	768	soccer	T056	C0037393
28487667	769	776	players	T097	C0335104
28487667	784	792	juggling	T056	C0034872
28487667	798	809	soccer ball	T073	C0336986
28487667	830	838	attempts	T051	C1516084
28487667	844	850	trials	T062	C0681815
28487667	856	862	scored	T081	C0449820
28487667	891	901	procedures	T169	C0025664
28487667	918	925	best of	T080	C1522427
28487667	933	940	mean of	T081	C0444504
28487667	980	988	attempts	T051	C1516084
28487667	990	1000	Individual	T098	C0237401
28487667	1001	1011	raw scores	T081	C0449820
28487667	1035	1041	trials	T062	C0681815
28487667	1047	1064	no general effect	T080	C1301751
28487667	1068	1074	trials	T062	C0681815
28487667	1090	1121	mean (SD) percentage difference	T081	C0392762
28487667	1134	1140	lowest	T080	C1708760
28487667	1145	1152	highest	T080	C1522410
28487667	1153	1159	scores	T081	C0449820
28487667	1184	1191	players	T097	C0335104
28487667	1214	1225	significant	T078	C0750502
28487667	1238	1244	lowest	T080	C1708760
28487667	1248	1255	highest	T080	C1522410
28487667	1256	1261	score	T081	C0449820
28487667	1263	1275	Correlations	T080	C1707520
28487667	1284	1294	raw scores	T081	C0449820
28487667	1300	1303	low	T080	C0205251
28487667	1311	1317	trials	T062	C0681815
28487667	1345	1351	higher	T080	C0205250
28487667	1359	1366	scoring	T062	C0036449
28487667	1367	1377	procedures	T169	C0025664
28487667	1389	1394	trial	T062	C0681815
28487667	1399	1412	significantly	T078	C0750502
28487667	1413	1422	different	T080	C1705242
28487667	1452	1461	raw score	T081	C0449820
28487667	1469	1476	scoring	T062	C0036449
28487667	1477	1486	procedure	T169	C0025664
28487667	1492	1518	mean percentage difference	T081	C0392762
28487667	1527	1538	best-of-two	T081	C0449820
28487667	1543	1561	best-of-ten scores	T081	C0449820
28487667	1588	1595	players	T097	C0335104
28487667	1612	1623	significant	T078	C0750502
28487667	1624	1634	difference	T080	C1705242
28487667	1651	1658	scoring	T062	C0036449
28487667	1659	1669	procedures	T169	C0025664
28487667	1671	1697	No significant differences	T033	C3842396
28487667	1716	1737	mean-of-rule scorings	T081	C0449820
28487667	1739	1751	Best-of-rule	T081	C0449820
28487667	1756	1777	mean-of-rule scorings	T081	C0449820
28487667	1783	1796	significantly	T078	C0750502
28487667	1797	1806	different	T080	C1705242
28487667	1822	1833	best-of-two	T081	C0449820
28487667	1838	1849	mean-of-two	T081	C0449820
28487667	1855	1870	mean difference	T081	C0392762
28487667	1879	1886	highest	T080	C1522410
28487667	1891	1897	lowest	T080	C1708760
28487667	1898	1902	rank	T170	C0699794
28487667	1910	1917	players	T097	C0335104
28487667	1938	1948	individual	T098	C0237401
28487667	1949	1957	rankings	T170	C0699794
28487667	1969	1974	group	T098	C1257890
28487667	2005	2015	procedures	T169	C0025664
28487667	2068	2078	procedural	T169	C0025664
28487667	2079	2090	differences	T080	C1705242
28487667	2124	2131	scoring	T062	C0036449
28487667	2132	2142	procedures	T169	C0025664
28487667	2150	2157	results	T034	C0456984
28487667	2184	2197	test outcomes	T034	C0456984
28487667	2254	2266	test results	T034	C0456984
28487667	2276	2286	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
28487667	2304	2316	intervention	T061	C0184661
28487667	2317	2323	groups	T078	C0441833
28487667	2372	2380	research	T062	C0035168
28487667	2390	2397	scoring	T062	C0036449
28487667	2398	2408	procedures	T169	C0025664
28487667	2431	2436	tests	T170	C0392366

28487818|t|Modeling adsorption of brominated, chlorinated and mixed bromo / chloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins on C60 fullerene using Nano-QSPR
28487818|a|Many technological implementations in the field of nanotechnology have involved carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes such as the buckminsterfullerene, C60. The unprecedented properties of such organic nanomaterials (in particular their large surface area) gained extensive attention for their potential use as organic pollutant sorbents. Sorption interactions can be very hazardous and useful at the same time. This work investigates the influence of halogenation by bromine and/or chlorine in dibenzo-p-dioxins on their sorption ability on the C60 fullerene surface. Halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PXDDs, where X = Br or Cl) are ever-present in the environment and accidently produced in many technological processes in only approximately known quantities. If all combinatorial Br and/or Cl dioxin substitution possibilities are present in the environment, the experimental characterization and investigation of sorbent effectiveness is more than difficult. In this work, we have developed a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model (R(2) = 0.998), predicting the adsorption energy [kcal/mol] for 1,701 PXDDs adsorbed on C60 (PXDD @ C60). Based on the QSPR model reported herein, we concluded that the lowest energy PXDD @ C60 complexes are those that the World Health Organization (WHO) considers to be less dangerous with respect to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) toxicity mechanism. Therefore, the effectiveness of fullerenes as sorbent agents may be underestimated as sorption could be less effective for toxic congeners than previously believed.
28487818	0	8	Modeling	T062	C0870071
28487818	9	19	adsorption	T059	C0001674
28487818	23	33	brominated	T109	C1723493
28487818	35	46	chlorinated	T109,T131	C4277576
28487818	57	62	bromo	T109	C1723493
28487818	65	89	chloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins	T109,T131	C4277576
28487818	93	106	C60 fullerene	T109,T121	C0118354
28487818	113	122	Nano-QSPR	T081	C1564131
28487818	128	141	technological	UnknownType	C0681539
28487818	142	157	implementations	T052	C1708476
28487818	174	188	nanotechnology	T090	C0872323
28487818	203	209	carbon	T196	C0007009
28487818	210	223	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28487818	235	245	fullerenes	T104	C0302934
28487818	258	278	buckminsterfullerene	T109	C3665327
28487818	280	283	C60	T109	C3665327
28487818	303	313	properties	T080	C0871161
28487818	322	329	organic	T080	C0747055
28487818	330	343	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28487818	371	383	surface area	T082	C1254362
28487818	392	401	extensive	T080	C0205231
28487818	422	431	potential	T080	C3245505
28487818	439	446	organic	T080	C0747055
28487818	447	456	pollutant	T131	C0599786
28487818	457	465	sorbents	T073	C3273359
28487818	467	475	Sorption	T067	C1882365
28487818	476	488	interactions	T169	C1704675
28487818	501	510	hazardous	T080	C0337044
28487818	515	521	useful	T080	C3827682
28487818	550	562	investigates	T169	C1292732
28487818	567	576	influence	T077	C4054723
28487818	580	592	halogenation	T067	C0259913
28487818	596	603	bromine	T131,T196	C0006223
28487818	611	619	chlorine	T131,T196	C0008209
28487818	623	640	dibenzo-p-dioxins	T109	C1723493
28487818	650	666	sorption ability	T067	C1882365
28487818	674	687	C60 fullerene	T109,T121	C0118354
28487818	688	695	surface	T082	C0205148
28487818	697	708	Halogenated	T080	C0205556
28487818	709	726	dibenzo-p-dioxins	T109	C1723493
28487818	728	733	PXDDs	T109	C1723493
28487818	745	747	Br	T131,T196	C0006223
28487818	751	753	Cl	T131,T196	C0008209
28487818	779	790	environment	T082	C0014406
28487818	795	805	accidently	T033	C0243095
28487818	823	846	technological processes	UnknownType	C0681539
28487818	855	868	approximately	T080	C0332232
28487818	875	885	quantities	T081	C1265611
28487818	894	907	combinatorial	T080	C0205556
28487818	908	910	Br	T131,T196	C0006223
28487818	918	920	Cl	T131,T196	C0008209
28487818	921	927	dioxin	T109,T131	C0012503
28487818	928	940	substitution	T044	C0596324
28487818	959	966	present	T033	C0150312
28487818	974	985	environment	T082	C0014406
28487818	991	1003	experimental	T080	C1517586
28487818	1004	1020	characterization	T185	C0243175
28487818	1025	1038	investigation	T058	C0220825
28487818	1042	1049	sorbent	T073	C3273359
28487818	1050	1063	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28487818	1077	1086	difficult	T080	C0332218
28487818	1122	1166	quantitative structure-property relationship	T081	C1564131
28487818	1168	1172	QSPR	T081	C1564131
28487818	1174	1179	model	T170	C3161035
28487818	1211	1221	adsorption	T059	C0001674
28487818	1222	1228	energy	T070	C0542479
28487818	1250	1255	PXDDs	T109	C1723493
28487818	1256	1264	adsorbed	T067	C1882365
28487818	1268	1271	C60	T109	C3665327
28487818	1273	1277	PXDD	T109	C1723493
28487818	1280	1283	C60	T109	C3665327
28487818	1299	1303	QSPR	T081	C1564131
28487818	1304	1309	model	T170	C3161035
28487818	1310	1318	reported	T170	C0684224
28487818	1349	1355	lowest	T080	C1708760
28487818	1356	1362	energy	T070	C0542479
28487818	1363	1367	PXDD	T109	C1723493
28487818	1370	1373	C60	T109	C3665327
28487818	1374	1383	complexes	T104	C1704241
28487818	1403	1428	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237
28487818	1430	1433	WHO	T093	C0043237
28487818	1435	1444	considers	T078	C0750591
28487818	1486	1511	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	T116,T192	C0052441
28487818	1513	1516	AhR	T116,T192	C0052441
28487818	1518	1526	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28487818	1527	1536	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28487818	1553	1566	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28487818	1570	1580	fullerenes	T104	C0302934
28487818	1584	1591	sorbent	T073	C3273359
28487818	1592	1598	agents	T120	C0450442
28487818	1624	1632	sorption	T067	C1882365
28487818	1647	1656	effective	T080	C1704419
28487818	1661	1666	toxic	T080	C1407029
28487818	1667	1676	congeners	T104	C0678518

28487909|t|IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL SCREENING OF AQUILARIA AGALLOCHA ROOTS
28487909|a|It was previously shown that some parts of Aquilaria agallocha, which is commonly known as oud or oodh, such as roots have been used as a traditional medical herbal in different countries. In Turkey A. agallocha is one of the ingredients while preparing famous Mesir paste, which was invented as a medicinal paste and used from the Ottoman period to now at least for 500 years. The identification the in vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of A. agallocha roots is main purpose of this analysis. By using 17 bacteria and 1 fungi, which include Bacillus, Candida, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Listeria, Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Staphylococcus genera, the activity of A. agallocha root extracts were analysed by the help of the disk diffusion method, that is one of the methods commonly used to determine antimicrobial activities. As a result of the study it was observed that ethanol extracts of A. agallocha roots have a clear antimicrobial activity against nearly all microorganism used in the study, but only two bacteria namely E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. typhimurium SL 1344. According to the disk diffusion test results it may be possible to propose that A. agallocha roots should have a medicinal uses especially against E. faecium, L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644, B. subtilis DSMZ 1971, C. albicans DSMZ 1386, S. epidermidis DSMZ 20044 and S. aureus ATCC 25923.
28487909	0	8	IN VITRO	T080	C1533691
28487909	9	22	ANTIMICROBIAL	T034	C1271650
28487909	23	32	SCREENING	T169	C1305399
28487909	36	55	AQUILARIA AGALLOCHA	T002	C3925616
28487909	56	61	ROOTS	T002	C0242726
28487909	96	101	parts	T002	C0243055
28487909	105	124	Aquilaria agallocha	T002	C3925616
28487909	153	156	oud	T002	C3925616
28487909	160	164	oodh	T002	C3925616
28487909	174	179	roots	T002	C0242726
28487909	200	226	traditional medical herbal	T002	C0025125
28487909	240	249	countries	T083	C0454664
28487909	254	260	Turkey	T083	C0041400
28487909	261	273	A. agallocha	T002	C3925616
28487909	288	299	ingredients	T120	C1550600
28487909	323	334	Mesir paste	T121	C1254351
28487909	360	375	medicinal paste	T121	C1254351
28487909	394	408	Ottoman period	T079	C1948053
28487909	433	438	years	T079	C0439234
28487909	463	471	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28487909	472	494	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
28487909	498	505	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28487909	506	513	extract	T123	C0032081
28487909	517	529	A. agallocha	T002	C3925616
28487909	530	535	roots	T002	C0242726
28487909	560	568	analysis	T062	C0936012
28487909	582	590	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28487909	597	602	fungi	T004	C0016832
28487909	618	626	Bacillus	T007	C0004587
28487909	628	635	Candida	T004	C0006836
28487909	637	649	Enterobacter	T007	C0014344
28487909	651	663	Enterococcus	T007	C0085494
28487909	665	676	Escherichia	T007	C0014833
28487909	678	688	Klebsiella	T007	C0022727
28487909	690	698	Listeria	T007	C0023859
28487909	700	711	Pseudomonas	T007	C0033808
28487909	713	723	Salmonella	T007	C0036111
28487909	728	749	Staphylococcus genera	T007	C0038170
28487909	767	779	A. agallocha	T002	C3925616
28487909	780	784	root	T002	C0242726
28487909	785	793	extracts	T123	C0032081
28487909	799	807	analysed	T062	C0936012
28487909	827	848	disk diffusion method	T059	C2827787
28487909	869	876	methods	T059	C0022885
28487909	904	928	antimicrobial activities	T034	C1271650
28487909	935	941	result	T169	C1274040
28487909	949	954	study	T062	C2603343
28487909	976	983	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28487909	984	992	extracts	T123	C0032081
28487909	996	1008	A. agallocha	T002	C3925616
28487909	1009	1014	roots	T002	C0242726
28487909	1028	1050	antimicrobial activity	T034	C1271650
28487909	1051	1058	against	T080	C0521124
28487909	1070	1083	microorganism	T001	C0445623
28487909	1096	1101	study	T062	C2603343
28487909	1116	1124	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28487909	1132	1150	E. coli ATCC 25922	T007	C0014834
28487909	1155	1177	S. typhimurium SL 1344	T007	C0036126
28487909	1196	1215	disk diffusion test	T059	C2827787
28487909	1216	1223	results	T169	C1274040
28487909	1259	1271	A. agallocha	T002	C3925616
28487909	1272	1277	roots	T002	C0242726
28487909	1292	1306	medicinal uses	T080	C0039795
28487909	1326	1336	E. faecium	T007	C0085495
28487909	1338	1364	L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644	T007	C0023861
28487909	1366	1387	B. subtilis DSMZ 1971	T007	C0004595
28487909	1389	1410	C. albicans DSMZ 1386	T004	C0006837
28487909	1412	1437	S. epidermidis DSMZ 20044	T007	C0038174
28487909	1442	1462	S. aureus ATCC 25923	T007	C0038172

28490164|t|Contralateral Superior Cerebellar Artery Syndrome: A Consequence of Brain Herniation
28490164|a|Vascular compromise is a well-known consequence of brain herniation syndromes. Transtentorial brain herniation most often involves posterior cerebral arteries. However, isolated involvement of contralateral superior cerebellar artery (SCA) during unilateral impending brain herniation is reported only once and we present another case of this exceedingly rare entity. A 24-year-old man was referred to us with impending herniation due to a multiloculated hydrocephalus, and during the course of illness, he developed an isolated SCA ischemia in the opposite side of the most dilated entrapped horn. In the current article we discuss the probable pathophysiologic mechanisms of this phenomenon, as well as recommending more inclusive brain studies in cases suspected of Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon in unilateral brain herniation. The rationale for this commentary is that contralateral SCA transient ischemia or infarct might be the underdiagnosed underlying pathomechanism of ipsilateral hemiparesis occurring in many cases of this somehow vague phenomenon.
28490164	0	13	Contralateral	T082	C0441988
28490164	14	49	Superior Cerebellar Artery Syndrome	T046	C1384733
28490164	53	67	Consequence of	T169	C0686907
28490164	68	84	Brain Herniation	T190	C0553686
28490164	85	93	Vascular	T023	C0005847
28490164	94	104	compromise	T033	C2945640
28490164	121	135	consequence of	T169	C0686907
28490164	136	152	brain herniation	T190	C0553686
28490164	153	162	syndromes	T047	C0039082
28490164	164	178	Transtentorial	T082	C0522519
28490164	179	195	brain herniation	T190	C0553686
28490164	216	243	posterior cerebral arteries	T023	C0149576
28490164	254	262	isolated	T169	C0205409
28490164	263	274	involvement	T169	C1314939
28490164	278	291	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28490164	292	318	superior cerebellar artery	T023	C0149575
28490164	320	323	SCA	T023	C0149575
28490164	332	342	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28490164	343	352	impending	T079	C0332190
28490164	353	369	brain herniation	T190	C0553686
28490164	373	381	reported	T058	C0700287
28490164	440	444	rare	T080	C0522498
28490164	445	451	entity	T071	C1551338
28490164	467	470	man	T098	C0025266
28490164	495	504	impending	T079	C0332190
28490164	505	515	herniation	T190	C0019270
28490164	525	539	multiloculated	T082	C0205293
28490164	540	553	hydrocephalus	T047	C0020255
28490164	570	587	course of illness	T046	C0242656
28490164	605	613	isolated	T169	C0205409
28490164	614	617	SCA	T023	C0149575
28490164	618	626	ischemia	T046	C0022116
28490164	660	667	dilated	T033	C0700124
28490164	678	682	horn	T023	C0019939
28490164	699	706	article	T170	C1706852
28490164	731	747	pathophysiologic	T169	C0031847
28490164	748	758	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28490164	767	777	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28490164	808	817	inclusive	T169	C0332257
28490164	818	823	brain	T023	C0006104
28490164	841	850	suspected	T078	C0750491
28490164	854	887	Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon	T046	C0030660
28490164	891	901	unilateral	T082	C0205092
28490164	902	918	brain herniation	T190	C0553686
28490164	924	933	rationale	T078	C2699007
28490164	943	953	commentary	T170	C0282411
28490164	962	975	contralateral	T082	C0441988
28490164	976	979	SCA	T023	C0149575
28490164	980	998	transient ischemia	T047	C0022118
28490164	1002	1009	infarct	T046	C0021308
28490164	1023	1037	underdiagnosed	T033	C0243095
28490164	1049	1063	pathomechanism	T046	C0030660
28490164	1067	1078	ipsilateral	T082	C0441989
28490164	1079	1090	hemiparesis	T184	C0018989
28490164	1131	1136	vague	T080	C0205408
28490164	1137	1147	phenomenon	T067	C1882365

28490253|t|Science to the rescue or contingent progress? Comparing 10 years of public, expert and policy discourses on new and emerging science and technology in the United Kingdom
28490253|a|Over the past 10 years, numerous public debates on new and emerging science and technologies have taken place in the United Kingdom. In this article, we characterise the discourses emerging from these debates and compare them to the discourses in analogous expert scientific and policy reports. We find that while the public is broadly supportive of new scientific developments, they see the risks and social and ethical issues associated with them as unpredictable but inherent parts of the developments. In contrast, the scientific experts and policymakers see risks and social and ethical issues as manageable and quantifiable with more research and knowledge. We argue that these differences amount to two different sociotechnical imaginaries or views of science and how it shapes our world - an elite imaginary of ' science to the rescue ' shared by scientists and policymakers and public counter- imaginary of ' contingent progress '. We argue that these two imaginaries indicate that, but also help explain why, public dialogue has had limited impact on public policy.
28490253	0	7	Science	T090	C0036397
28490253	15	21	rescue	T169	C0205245
28490253	25	35	contingent	T080	C1701901
28490253	36	44	progress	T169	C1280477
28490253	46	55	Comparing	T052	C1707455
28490253	68	74	public	T092	C0678367
28490253	76	82	expert	T077	C0600219
28490253	87	93	policy	T170	C0242456
28490253	94	104	discourses	T054	C2584313
28490253	116	124	emerging	T080	C0700364
28490253	125	132	science	T090	C0036397
28490253	137	147	technology	T090	C0039421
28490253	155	169	United Kingdom	T083	C0041700
28490253	194	202	numerous	T081	C0439064
28490253	203	209	public	T092	C0678367
28490253	210	217	debates	T052	C0870392
28490253	229	237	emerging	T080	C0700364
28490253	238	245	science	T090	C0036397
28490253	250	262	technologies	T090	C0039421
28490253	287	301	United Kingdom	T083	C0041700
28490253	311	318	article	T170	C1706852
28490253	323	335	characterise	T080	C1521970
28490253	340	350	discourses	T054	C2584313
28490253	351	359	emerging	T080	C0700364
28490253	371	378	debates	T052	C0870392
28490253	383	390	compare	T052	C1707455
28490253	403	413	discourses	T054	C2584313
28490253	417	433	analogous expert	T073,T170	C0015324
28490253	434	444	scientific	T090	C0036397
28490253	449	455	policy	T170	C0242456
28490253	456	463	reports	T170	C0684224
28490253	488	494	public	T092	C0678367
28490253	498	505	broadly	T082	C0332464
28490253	506	516	supportive	T077	C1521721
28490253	524	534	scientific	T090	C0036397
28490253	535	547	developments	T169	C1527148
28490253	562	567	risks	T078	C0035647
28490253	572	578	social	T169	C0728831
28490253	583	597	ethical issues	T078	C0086264
28490253	598	613	associated with	T080	C0332281
28490253	622	635	unpredictable	T033	C0087130
28490253	640	648	inherent	T082	C0205102
28490253	649	654	parts	T082	C0449719
28490253	662	674	developments	T169	C1527148
28490253	679	687	contrast	T080	C1979874
28490253	693	703	scientific	T090	C0036397
28490253	704	711	experts	T097	C0009817
28490253	716	728	policymakers	T097	C0242170
28490253	733	738	risks	T078	C0035647
28490253	743	749	social	T169	C0728831
28490253	754	768	ethical issues	T078	C0086264
28490253	772	782	manageable	T033	C1446391
28490253	787	799	quantifiable	T081	C1709793
28490253	810	818	research	T062	C0035168
28490253	823	832	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28490253	854	865	differences	T080	C1705242
28490253	866	872	amount	T081	C1265611
28490253	880	889	different	T080	C1705242
28490253	890	916	sociotechnical imaginaries	T078	C1254370
28490253	920	925	views	T082	C0449911
28490253	929	936	science	T090	C0036397
28490253	948	954	shapes	T082	C0332479
28490253	959	964	world	T098	C2700280
28490253	976	985	imaginary	T078	C1254370
28490253	991	998	science	T090	C0036397
28490253	1006	1012	rescue	T169	C0205245
28490253	1025	1035	scientists	T097	C0402112
28490253	1040	1052	policymakers	T097	C0242170
28490253	1057	1063	public	T092	C0678367
28490253	1073	1082	imaginary	T078	C1254370
28490253	1088	1098	contingent	T080	C1701901
28490253	1099	1107	progress	T169	C1280477
28490253	1135	1146	imaginaries	T078	C1254370
28490253	1147	1155	indicate	T078	C3146298
28490253	1189	1195	public	T092	C0678367
28490253	1196	1204	dialogue	T054	C0871703
28490253	1213	1220	limited	T169	C0439801
28490253	1221	1227	impact	T080	C4049986
28490253	1231	1237	public	T092	C0678367
28490253	1238	1244	policy	T170	C0242456

28490376|t|The effects of clinical supervision on supervisees and patients in cognitive-behavioral therapy: a study protocol for a systematic review
28490376|a|Clinical supervision by a senior therapist is a very common practice in psychotherapist training and psychiatric care settings. Though clinical supervision is advocated by most educational and governing institutions, the effects of clinical supervision on the supervisees ' competence, e.g., attitudes, behaviors, and skills, as well as on treatment outcomes and other patient variables are debated and largely unknown. Evidence-based practice is advocated in clinical settings but has not yet been fully implemented in educational or clinical training settings. The aim of this systematic review is to synthesize and present the empirical literature regarding effects of clinical supervision in cognitive-behavioral therapy. This study will include a systematic review of the literature to identify studies that have empirically investigated the effects of supervision on supervised psychotherapists and/or the supervisees' patients. A comprehensive search strategy will be conducted to identify published controlled studies indexed in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases. Data on supervision outcomes in both psychotherapists and their patients will be extracted, synthesized, and reported. Risk of bias and quality of the included studies will be assessed systematically. This systematic review will rigorously follow established guidelines for systematic reviews in order to summarize and present the evidence base for clinical supervision in cognitive-behavioral therapy and may aid further research and discussion in this area. PROSPERO CRD42016046834.
28490376	4	14	effects of	T080	C1704420
28490376	15	35	clinical supervision	T057	C0870294
28490376	39	50	supervisees	T098	C1257890
28490376	55	63	patients	T101	C0030705
28490376	67	95	cognitive-behavioral therapy	T061	C0009244
28490376	99	113	study protocol	T170	C2348563
28490376	120	137	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28490376	138	158	Clinical supervision	T057	C0870294
28490376	164	180	senior therapist	T097	C0871525
28490376	198	206	practice	T041	C0032893
28490376	210	225	psychotherapist	T097	C0557555
28490376	226	234	training	T065	C0220931
28490376	239	255	psychiatric care	T061	C0597312
28490376	273	293	clinical supervision	T057	C0870294
28490376	315	353	educational and governing institutions	UnknownType	C0681325
28490376	370	390	clinical supervision	T057	C0870294
28490376	398	409	supervisees	T098	C1257890
28490376	412	422	competence	T080	C0086035
28490376	430	439	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28490376	441	450	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28490376	456	462	skills	T055	C0678856
28490376	478	496	treatment outcomes	T080	C0085415
28490376	507	514	patient	T101	C0030705
28490376	558	581	Evidence-based practice	T169	C1510541
28490376	598	615	clinical settings	T082	C3176918
28490376	717	734	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28490376	768	788	empirical literature	T170	C0023866
28490376	810	830	clinical supervision	T057	C0870294
28490376	834	862	cognitive-behavioral therapy	T061	C0009244
28490376	890	907	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28490376	915	925	literature	T170	C0023866
28490376	1011	1038	supervised psychotherapists	T097	C0557555
28490376	1063	1071	patients	T101	C0030705
28490376	1164	1171	indexed	T170	C0918012
28490376	1179	1186	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28490376	1188	1194	EMBASE	T170	C0282574
28490376	1196	1204	PsycINFO	T170	C1140129
28490376	1210	1236	Cochrane Library databases	T170	C0282574
28490376	1238	1242	Data	T078	C1511726
28490376	1275	1291	psychotherapists	T097	C0557555
28490376	1302	1310	patients	T101	C0030705
28490376	1347	1355	reported	T170	C0684224
28490376	1444	1461	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28490376	1497	1507	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28490376	1512	1530	systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
28490376	1587	1607	clinical supervision	T057	C0870294
28490376	1611	1639	cognitive-behavioral therapy	T061	C0009244
28490376	1660	1668	research	T062	C0035168

28490813|t|Leptin receptor antagonism of iNKT cell function: a novel strategy to combat multiple myeloma
28490813|a|A hallmark of bone marrow changes with aging is the increase in adipocyte composition, but how this impacts development of multiple myeloma (MM) is unknown. Here, we report the role of the adipokine leptin as master regulator of anti- myeloma tumor immunity by modulating the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell function. A marked increase in serum leptin levels and leptin receptor (LR) expression on iNKT cells in MM patients and the 5T33 murine MM model was observed. MM cells and leptin synergistically counteracted anti-tumor functionality of both murine and human iNKT cells. In vivo blockade of LR signalling combined with iNKT stimulation resulted in superior anti-tumor protection. This was linked to persistent IFN-γ secretion upon repeated iNKT cell stimulation and a restoration of the dynamic antigen - induced motility arrest as observed by intravital microscopy, thereby showing alleviation of iNKT cell anergy. Overall our data reveal the LR axis as novel therapeutic target for checkpoint inhibition to treat MM .Leukemia accepted article preview online, 11 May 2017. doi:10.1038/leu.2017.146.
28490813	0	15	Leptin receptor	T116,T192	C0385463
28490813	16	26	antagonism	T043	C0007613
28490813	30	34	iNKT	T025	C2350467
28490813	35	48	cell function	T043	C0007613
28490813	52	57	novel	T080	C0205314
28490813	58	66	strategy	T041	C0679199
28490813	77	93	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28490813	108	119	bone marrow	T024	C0005953
28490813	120	127	changes	T169	C0392747
28490813	133	138	aging	T040	C0001811
28490813	158	167	adipocyte	T025	C0206131
28490813	168	179	composition	T201	C0486616
28490813	194	201	impacts	T080	C4049986
28490813	202	213	development	T169	C1527148
28490813	217	233	multiple myeloma	T191	C0026764
28490813	235	237	MM	T191	C0026764
28490813	283	292	adipokine	T116,T123	C1955907
28490813	293	299	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28490813	310	319	regulator	T077	C1704735
28490813	329	351	myeloma tumor immunity	T047	C1519680
28490813	355	365	modulating	UnknownType	C0544633
28490813	370	396	invariant natural killer T	T025	C2350467
28490813	398	402	iNKT	T025	C2350467
28490813	404	417	cell function	T043	C0007613
28490813	428	459	increase in serum leptin levels	T033	C2747815
28490813	464	479	leptin receptor	T116,T192	C0385463
28490813	481	483	LR	T116,T192	C0385463
28490813	485	495	expression	T045	C0597360
28490813	499	509	iNKT cells	T025	C2350467
28490813	513	515	MM	T191	C0026764
28490813	516	524	patients	T101	C0030705
28490813	538	544	murine	T109,T121	C0591833
28490813	545	547	MM	T191	C0026764
28490813	548	553	model	T050	C0012644
28490813	568	570	MM	T191	C0026764
28490813	571	576	cells	T025	C0007634
28490813	581	587	leptin	T116,T125	C0299583
28490813	588	603	synergistically	T080	C2986495
28490813	617	641	anti-tumor functionality	T042	C1516031
28490813	650	656	murine	T109,T121	C0591833
28490813	661	666	human	T016	C0086418
28490813	667	677	iNKT cells	T025	C2350467
28490813	679	686	In vivo	T082	C1515655
28490813	687	695	blockade	T169	C0332206
28490813	699	701	LR	T116,T192	C0385463
28490813	702	712	signalling	T044	C1514762
28490813	727	731	iNKT	T025	C2350467
28490813	732	743	stimulation	T043	C1622572
28490813	765	786	anti-tumor protection	T042	C1516031
28490813	807	817	persistent	T079	C0205322
28490813	818	833	IFN-γ secretion	T043	C3156720
28490813	848	852	iNKT	T025	C2350467
28490813	853	869	cell stimulation	T043	C1622572
28490813	903	910	antigen	T129	C0003320
28490813	913	920	induced	T169	C0205263
28490813	921	936	motility arrest	T043	C2259317
28490813	952	973	intravital microscopy	T059	C0596795
28490813	991	1022	alleviation of iNKT cell anergy	T043	C2256009
28490813	1036	1040	data	T078	C1511726
28490813	1052	1054	LR	T116,T192	C0385463
28490813	1063	1068	novel	T080	C0205314
28490813	1069	1080	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28490813	1081	1087	target	T169	C1521840
28490813	1092	1113	checkpoint inhibition	T043	C3544497
28490813	1123	1125	MM	T191	C0026764

28491259|t|The Antibacterial Effect of Additional Photodynamic Therapy in Failed Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Pilot Study
28491259|a|Introduction: Root canal therapy as a routine dental procedure has resulted in retention of millions of teeth that would otherwise be lost. Unfortunately, successful outcomes are not always achievable within initial endodontic treatments, and that necessitates further treatment. Nonsurgical retreatment is the first choice in most clinical situations. The aim of this clinical pilot study was to assess the effect of additional photodynamic therapy (PDT) on intraradicular bacterial load following retreatment of failed previously root treated teeth. Methods: Thirty single-rooted / canalled endodontically treated matured teeth (in 27 healthy patients) accompanied by apical periodontitis (AP) were selected for this study. Standard protocol was followed for nonsurgical retreatment of each tooth. Microbiological samples were taken after establishment of apical patency, finished cleaning/shaping procedure, and PDT (665 nm, 1 W, 240 seconds). All samples were cultured for 72 hours and colony-forming unit (CFU) was counted. McNemar test was used for statistical analysis of the data. The level of significance was set at 0.001. Results: Routine cleaning and shaping resulted in twenty four negative (80%) out of 30 cultures. Four additional negative results were obtained after additional PDT (93.3%). The addition of PDT to routine procedures significantly enhanced the number of bacteria -free samples (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Regarding elimination of intraradicular microbiota, additional PDT may increase the effectiveness of conventional chemomechanical preparation in previously root filled teeth accompanied by AP. Well controlled randomized clinical trials should be planned for future.
28491259	4	24	Antibacterial Effect	T043	C1516022
28491259	28	38	Additional	T169	C1524062
28491259	39	59	Photodynamic Therapy	T061	C0031740
28491259	63	69	Failed	T169	C0231175
28491259	70	98	Endodontically Treated Teeth	T047	C0376699
28491259	102	113	Pilot Study	T062	C0031928
28491259	128	146	Root canal therapy	T061	C0035849
28491259	152	159	routine	T080	C0205547
28491259	160	176	dental procedure	T061	C0011331
28491259	181	189	resulted	T169	C1274040
28491259	193	202	retention	T169	C0333117
28491259	206	214	millions	T081	C1881839
28491259	218	223	teeth	T023	C0040426
28491259	248	252	lost	T169	C0745777
28491259	269	279	successful	T080	C1272703
28491259	280	288	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28491259	330	351	endodontic treatments	T061	C0700632
28491259	362	374	necessitates	T080	C0205556
28491259	383	392	treatment	T169	C1522326
28491259	394	417	Nonsurgical retreatment	T061	C0376495
28491259	446	454	clinical	T080	C0205210
28491259	455	465	situations	T080	C0205556
28491259	483	491	clinical	T080	C0205210
28491259	492	503	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28491259	511	517	assess	T052	C1516048
28491259	522	528	effect	T080	C1280500
28491259	532	542	additional	T169	C1524062
28491259	543	563	photodynamic therapy	T061	C0031740
28491259	565	568	PDT	T061	C0031740
28491259	573	587	intraradicular	T082	C1254362
28491259	588	602	bacterial load	T081	C2936404
28491259	613	624	retreatment	T061	C0376495
28491259	628	634	failed	T169	C0231175
28491259	635	645	previously	T079	C0205156
28491259	646	650	root	T023	C0040452
28491259	651	658	treated	T169	C1522326
28491259	659	664	teeth	T023	C0040426
28491259	675	681	Thirty	T081	C3816446
28491259	682	695	single-rooted	T023	C0040452
28491259	698	706	canalled	T030	C0086881
28491259	707	743	endodontically treated matured teeth	T047	C0376699
28491259	751	758	healthy	T080	C3898900
28491259	759	767	patients	T101	C0030705
28491259	784	804	apical periodontitis	T047	C0031030
28491259	806	808	AP	T047	C0031030
28491259	815	823	selected	T052	C1707391
28491259	833	838	study	T062	C2603343
28491259	840	857	Standard protocol	T170	C2348563
28491259	875	898	nonsurgical retreatment	T061	C0376495
28491259	907	912	tooth	T023	C0040426
28491259	914	937	Microbiological samples	T059	C0430351
28491259	955	968	establishment	T080	C0443211
28491259	972	978	apical	T082	C0205111
28491259	979	986	patency	T082	C0175566
28491259	997	1023	cleaning/shaping procedure	T061	C0087111
28491259	1029	1032	PDT	T061	C0031740
28491259	1065	1072	samples	T077	C2347026
28491259	1078	1086	cultured	T059	C0430400
28491259	1094	1099	hours	T079	C0439227
28491259	1104	1123	colony-forming unit	T081	C0553561
28491259	1125	1128	CFU	T081	C0553561
28491259	1134	1141	counted	T081	C0750480
28491259	1143	1155	McNemar test	T170	C0237913
28491259	1169	1201	statistical analysis of the data	T081	C0010998
28491259	1207	1228	level of significance	T062	C0814896
28491259	1256	1263	Routine	T080	C0205547
28491259	1264	1272	cleaning	T052	C1947930
28491259	1277	1284	shaping	T061	C0087111
28491259	1297	1308	twenty four	T081	C3715070
28491259	1309	1317	negative	T033	C0205160
28491259	1334	1342	cultures	T059	C0430400
28491259	1349	1359	additional	T169	C1524062
28491259	1360	1368	negative	T033	C0205160
28491259	1369	1376	results	T169	C1274040
28491259	1382	1390	obtained	T169	C1301820
28491259	1397	1407	additional	T169	C1524062
28491259	1408	1411	PDT	T061	C0031740
28491259	1425	1433	addition	T169	C1524062
28491259	1437	1440	PDT	T061	C0031740
28491259	1444	1451	routine	T080	C0205547
28491259	1452	1462	procedures	T169	C0025664
28491259	1463	1476	significantly	T078	C0750502
28491259	1477	1485	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28491259	1490	1496	number	T081	C0237753
28491259	1500	1508	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28491259	1515	1522	samples	T077	C2347026
28491259	1558	1569	elimination	T169	C0542341
28491259	1573	1587	intraradicular	T082	C1254362
28491259	1588	1598	microbiota	T001	C0445623
28491259	1600	1610	additional	T169	C1524062
28491259	1611	1614	PDT	T061	C0031740
28491259	1619	1627	increase	T169	C0442805
28491259	1632	1645	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28491259	1662	1689	chemomechanical preparation	T061	C0087111
28491259	1704	1715	root filled	T061	C0035848
28491259	1716	1721	teeth	T023	C0040426
28491259	1737	1739	AP	T047	C0031030
28491259	1741	1756	Well controlled	T169	C3853142
28491259	1757	1783	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28491259	1794	1801	planned	T169	C1301732
28491259	1806	1812	future	T079	C0016884

28492106|t|Higher risk of revision for infection using systemic clindamycin prophylaxis than with cloxacillin
28492106|a|Background and purpose - Clindamycin has not been compared with other antibiotics for prophylaxis in arthroplasty. Since 2009, the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register (SKAR) has been collecting information on the prophylactic antibiotic regime used at every individual operation. In Sweden, when there is allergy to penicillin, clindamycin has been the recommended alternative. We examined whether there were differences in the rate of revision due to infection depending on which antibiotic was used as systemic prophylaxis. Patients and methods - Patients who had a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed due to osteoarthritis (OA) during the years 2009-2015 were included in the study. Information on which antibiotic was used was available for 80,018 operations (55,530 patients). Survival statistics were used to calculate the rate of revision due to infection until the end of 2015, comparing the group of patients who received cloxacillin with those who received clindamycin as systemic prophylaxis. Results - Cloxacillin was used in 90% of the cases, clindamycin in 7%, and cephalosporins in 2%. The risk of being revised due to infection was higher when clindamycin was used than when cloxacillin was used (RR =1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-2.0; p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in the revision rate for other causes (p = 0.2). Interpretation - We advise that patients reporting allergic reaction to penicillin should have their allergic history explored. In the absence of a clear history of type-I allergic reaction (e.g. urticaria, anaphylaxis, or bronchospasm), we suggest the use of a third-generation cephalosporin instead of clindamycin as perioperative prophylaxis when undergoing a TKR. No recommendation can be given regarding patients with type-1 allergy.
28492106	0	14	Higher risk of	T033	C0332167
28492106	15	23	revision	T079	C0439617
28492106	28	37	infection	T046	C3714514
28492106	44	52	systemic	T169	C0205373
28492106	53	64	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
28492106	65	76	prophylaxis	T061	C0282638
28492106	87	98	cloxacillin	T109,T195	C0009077
28492106	124	135	Clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
28492106	169	180	antibiotics	T195	C0003232
28492106	185	196	prophylaxis	T061	C0282638
28492106	200	212	arthroplasty	T061	C0003893
28492106	230	264	Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register	T170	C0034975
28492106	238	255	Knee Arthroplasty	T061	C0086511
28492106	266	270	SKAR	T170	C0034975
28492106	281	291	collecting	T169	C1516698
28492106	292	303	information	T078	C1533716
28492106	311	341	prophylactic antibiotic regime	T061	C0282638
28492106	356	366	individual	T098	C0237401
28492106	367	376	operation	T169	C0038895
28492106	381	387	Sweden	T083	C0038995
28492106	403	410	allergy	T046	C0020517
28492106	414	424	penicillin	T109,T195	C0220892
28492106	426	437	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
28492106	451	462	recommended	T078	C0034866
28492106	463	474	alternative	T077	C1523987
28492106	534	542	revision	T079	C0439617
28492106	550	559	infection	T046	C3714514
28492106	579	589	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28492106	602	610	systemic	T169	C0205373
28492106	611	622	prophylaxis	T061	C0282638
28492106	624	632	Patients	T101	C0030705
28492106	647	655	Patients	T101	C0030705
28492106	666	689	total knee arthroplasty	T061	C0086511
28492106	691	694	TKA	T061	C0086511
28492106	713	727	osteoarthritis	T047	C0029408
28492106	729	731	OA	T047	C0029408
28492106	809	819	antibiotic	T195	C0003232
28492106	854	864	operations	T169	C0038895
28492106	873	881	patients	T101	C0030705
28492106	884	903	Survival statistics	T170	C0600673
28492106	939	947	revision	T079	C0439617
28492106	955	964	infection	T046	C3714514
28492106	1011	1019	patients	T101	C0030705
28492106	1033	1044	cloxacillin	T109,T195	C0009077
28492106	1069	1080	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
28492106	1084	1092	systemic	T169	C0205373
28492106	1093	1104	prophylaxis	T061	C0282638
28492106	1116	1127	Cloxacillin	T109,T195	C0009077
28492106	1158	1169	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
28492106	1181	1195	cephalosporins	T109,T195	C3536856
28492106	1236	1245	infection	T046	C3714514
28492106	1262	1273	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
28492106	1293	1304	cloxacillin	T109,T195	C0009077
28492106	1396	1404	revision	T079	C0439617
28492106	1420	1426	causes	T169	C0015127
28492106	1438	1452	Interpretation	T170	C0459471
28492106	1470	1478	patients	T101	C0030705
28492106	1489	1506	allergic reaction	T046	C1527304
28492106	1510	1520	penicillin	T109,T195	C0220892
28492106	1539	1555	allergic history	T184	C2106654
28492106	1592	1599	history	T184	C2106654
28492106	1603	1627	type-I allergic reaction	T046	C1527304
28492106	1634	1643	urticaria	T047	C0042109
28492106	1645	1656	anaphylaxis	T047	C0850803
28492106	1661	1673	bronchospasm	T047	C0006266
28492106	1700	1730	third-generation cephalosporin	T109,T195	C0304320
28492106	1742	1753	clindamycin	T109,T195	C0008947
28492106	1757	1770	perioperative	T079	C1518988
28492106	1771	1782	prophylaxis	T061	C0282638
28492106	1801	1804	TKR	T061	C0086511
28492106	1809	1823	recommendation	T078	C0034866
28492106	1847	1855	patients	T101	C0030705
28492106	1861	1875	type-1 allergy	T046	C0020517

28492483|t|PCVMZM: Using the Probabilistic Classification Vector Machines Model Combined with a Zernike Moments Descriptor to Predict Protein-Protein Interactions from Protein Sequences
28492483|a|Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential for most living organisms ' process. Thus, detecting PPIs is extremely important to understand the molecular mechanisms of biological systems. Although many PPIs data have been generated by high-throughput technologies for a variety of organisms, the whole interatom is still far from complete. In addition, the high-throughput technologies for detecting PPIs has some unavoidable defects, including time consumption, high cost, and high error rate. In recent years, with the development of machine learning, computational methods have been broadly used to predict PPIs, and can achieve good prediction rate. In this paper, we present here PCVMZM, a computational method based on a Probabilistic Classification Vector Machines (PCVM) model and Zernike moments (ZM) descriptor for predicting the PPIs from protein amino acids sequences. Specifically, a Zernike moments (ZM) descriptor is used to extract protein evolutionary information from Position-Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) generated by Position-Specific Iterated Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (PSI-BLAST). Then, PCVM classifier is used to infer the interactions among protein. When performed on PPIs datasets of Yeast and H. Pylori, the proposed method can achieve the average prediction accuracy of 94.48% and 91.25%, respectively. In order to further evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the state-of-the-art support vector machines (SVM) classifier is used and compares with the PCVM model. Experimental results on the Yeast dataset show that the performance of PCVM classifier is better than that of SVM classifier. The experimental results indicate that our proposed method is robust, powerful and feasible, which can be used as a helpful tool for proteomics research.
28492483	0	6	PCVMZM	T062	C1516769
28492483	18	100	Probabilistic Classification Vector Machines Model Combined with a Zernike Moments	T062	C1516769
28492483	115	122	Predict	T078	C0681842
28492483	123	151	Protein-Protein Interactions	T044	C0872079
28492483	157	174	Protein Sequences	T087	C0002518
28492483	175	203	Protein-protein interactions	T044	C0872079
28492483	205	209	PPIs	T044	C0872079
28492483	234	250	living organisms	T001	C0029235
28492483	278	282	PPIs	T044	C0872079
28492483	324	333	molecular	T080	C1521991
28492483	334	344	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28492483	348	366	biological systems	T169	C0449913
28492483	382	386	PPIs	T044	C0872079
28492483	415	443	high-throughput technologies	T170	C0872047
28492483	461	470	organisms	T001	C0029235
28492483	537	565	high-throughput technologies	T170	C0872047
28492483	580	584	PPIs	T044	C0872079
28492483	594	613	unavoidable defects	T169	C1457869
28492483	625	641	time consumption	T079	C0040223
28492483	648	652	cost	T081	C0010186
28492483	663	673	error rate	T081	C0392762
28492483	716	732	machine learning	T066	C0376284
28492483	734	755	computational methods	T062	C1516769
28492483	790	794	PPIs	T044	C0872079
28492483	817	827	prediction	T078	C0681842
28492483	865	871	PCVMZM	T062	C1516769
28492483	875	895	computational method	T062	C1516769
28492483	907	964	Probabilistic Classification Vector Machines (PCVM) model	T081	C2699740
28492483	969	1000	Zernike moments (ZM) descriptor	T081,T170	C0026346
28492483	1005	1015	predicting	T078	C0681842
28492483	1020	1024	PPIs	T044	C0872079
28492483	1030	1037	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28492483	1038	1059	amino acids sequences	T087	C0002518
28492483	1077	1108	Zernike moments (ZM) descriptor	T081,T170	C0026346
28492483	1128	1135	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28492483	1149	1160	information	T078	C1533716
28492483	1166	1198	Position-Specific Scoring Matrix	T081	C2717845
28492483	1200	1204	PSSM	T081	C2717845
28492483	1219	1291	Position-Specific Iterated Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (PSI-BLAST)	T170	C2698333
28492483	1299	1314	PCVM classifier	T081	C2699740
28492483	1336	1348	interactions	T044	C0872079
28492483	1355	1362	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28492483	1382	1386	PPIs	T044	C0872079
28492483	1399	1404	Yeast	T004	C0043393
28492483	1409	1418	H. Pylori	T007	C0079488
28492483	1464	1474	prediction	T078	C0681842
28492483	1475	1483	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28492483	1593	1609	state-of-the-art	T170	C0038199
28492483	1610	1633	support vector machines	T081	C2699740
28492483	1635	1650	SVM) classifier	T081	C2699740
28492483	1681	1691	PCVM model	T081	C2699740
28492483	1693	1713	Experimental results	T033	C2825142
28492483	1721	1726	Yeast	T004	C0043393
28492483	1764	1779	PCVM classifier	T081	C2699740
28492483	1803	1817	SVM classifier	T081	C2699740
28492483	1823	1843	experimental results	T033	C2825142
28492483	1952	1971	proteomics research	T062	C0035168

28493125|t|Conditional Knockdown of Endogenous MicroRNAs in CHO Cells Using TET-ON-SanDI Sponge Vectors
28493125|a|MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs of about 22 nucleotides in length and have proven to be useful targets for genetic modifications for desirable phenotype in the biotech industry. The use of constitutively expressed " miRNA sponge" vectors in which multiple, tandem miRNA binding sites containing transcripts are transcriptionally regulated by a constitutive promoter for down regulating the levels of endogenous microRNAs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has shown to be more advantageous than using synthetic antisense oligonucleotides. The application of miRNA sponges in biotechnological processes, however, could be more effective, if expression of miRNA sponges could be tuned. In this chapter, we present a method for the generation of stable CHO cell lines expressing a TET-ON-SanDI-miRNA-sponge that is in theory expressed only in the presence of an inducer.
28493125	0	11	Conditional	T080	C1701901
28493125	12	21	Knockdown	T063	C2350567
28493125	25	35	Endogenous	T169	C0205227
28493125	36	45	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28493125	49	58	CHO Cells	T025	C0085080
28493125	65	92	TET-ON-SanDI Sponge Vectors	T114	C0017397
28493125	93	102	MicroRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28493125	104	110	miRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28493125	123	137	noncoding RNAs	T114	C0887909
28493125	150	161	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
28493125	201	208	targets	T169	C1521840
28493125	213	234	genetic modifications	T063	C4277689
28493125	249	258	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28493125	266	273	biotech	T091	C0005574
28493125	274	282	industry	T057	C0021267
28493125	322	343	miRNA sponge" vectors	T114	C0017397
28493125	363	375	tandem miRNA	T114,T123	C1101610
28493125	376	389	binding sites	T192	C0005456
28493125	401	412	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28493125	417	444	transcriptionally regulated	T045	C1158770
28493125	463	471	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28493125	476	491	down regulating	T044	C0013081
28493125	506	516	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28493125	517	526	microRNAs	T114,T123	C1101610
28493125	530	563	Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells	T025	C0085080
28493125	619	645	antisense oligonucleotides	T114,T123,T130	C0079925
28493125	666	679	miRNA sponges	T114	C0599566
28493125	683	699	biotechnological	T091	C0005574
28493125	700	709	processes	T067	C1522240
28493125	734	743	effective	T080	C1704419
28493125	748	758	expression	T045	C0017262
28493125	762	775	miRNA sponges	T114	C0599566
28493125	858	872	CHO cell lines	T025	C0085080
28493125	873	883	expressing	T045	C0017262
28493125	886	911	TET-ON-SanDI-miRNA-sponge	T114	C0599566
28493125	967	974	inducer	T167	C3898767

28493435|t|A Fast Peak-Searching Algorithm for Ultrasonic Elastography
28493435|a|Tissue axial strain estimation with ultrasound elastography has become a hot field in recent years. However, for keypoints tracking-based elastography algorithms, locating extrema in multimodal ultrasonic radiofrequency signals is still a challenging problem. In this paper, a new method is proposed to locate the local maxima and minima of the RF signals directly without derivation operation. This algorithm can accurately locate extrema even if disturbed peaks resulting from different noise exist. Furthermore, the new algorithm can speed up approximately 79% of the implementation process as compared with the standard cross-correlation method on the same computing platform. In addition, the elastographic signal-to-noise ratio and the contrast-to-noise ratio are also significantly improved with this new method.
28493435	2	31	Fast Peak-Searching Algorithm	T170	C0002045
28493435	36	59	Ultrasonic Elastography	T060	C3163956
28493435	60	119	Tissue axial strain estimation with ultrasound elastography	T060	C2316047
28493435	183	221	tracking-based elastography algorithms	T170	C0002045
28493435	223	231	locating	T033	C0243095
28493435	232	239	extrema	T080	C0205556
28493435	254	264	ultrasonic	T169	C0220934
28493435	265	279	radiofrequency	T070	C2347883
28493435	280	287	signals	T067	C1710082
28493435	311	318	problem	T033	C0033213
28493435	351	359	proposed	T080	C1553874
28493435	363	369	locate	T033	C0243095
28493435	380	386	maxima	T081	C0806909
28493435	391	397	minima	T080	C1524031
28493435	405	407	RF	T070	C2347883
28493435	408	415	signals	T067	C1710082
28493435	433	443	derivation	T080	C1441547
28493435	444	453	operation	T052	C3241922
28493435	460	469	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28493435	485	491	locate	T033	C0243095
28493435	492	499	extrema	T080	C0205556
28493435	518	523	peaks	T080	C0444505
28493435	549	554	noise	T067	C0028263
28493435	583	592	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28493435	631	645	implementation	T052	C1708476
28493435	657	665	compared	T052	C1707455
28493435	675	708	standard cross-correlation method	T062	C0242481
28493435	721	730	computing	T052	C1880157
28493435	772	793	signal-to-noise ratio	T081	C2986823
28493435	802	825	contrast-to-noise ratio	T081	C0392762

28493821|t|Multicentric studies of the fetal neurobehavior by KANET test
28493821|a|Assessment of fetal neurobehavior and detection of neurological impairment prenatally has been a great challenge in perinatal medicine. The evolution of four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound not only enabled a better visualization of fetal anatomy but also allowed the study of fetal behavior in real time. Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test (KANET) was developed for the assessment of fetal neurobehavior and the detection of neurological disorders, based on the assessment of the fetus by application of 4D ultrasound in the same way that a neonate is assessed postnatally. KANET is a method that has been applied for the past 10 years and studies show that it is a strong diagnostic tool and can be introduced into everyday clinical practice. We present all data from studies performed up to now on KANET.
28493821	0	20	Multicentric studies	T062	C1096776
28493821	28	33	fetal	T169	C0521457
28493821	34	47	neurobehavior	T033	C0872354
28493821	51	61	KANET test	T060	C0430022
28493821	62	72	Assessment	T060	C0278372
28493821	76	81	fetal	T169	C0521457
28493821	82	95	neurobehavior	T033	C0872354
28493821	100	109	detection	T061	C1511790
28493821	113	136	neurological impairment	T047	C0027765
28493821	137	147	prenatally	T100	C0678804
28493821	165	174	challenge	T078	C1947946
28493821	178	196	perinatal medicine	T091	C0031063
28493821	202	211	evolution	T060	C0278372
28493821	215	247	four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound	T060	C2322162
28493821	267	273	better	T080	C0332272
28493821	274	287	visualization	T169	C0234621
28493821	291	304	fetal anatomy	T060	C0412563
28493821	326	331	study	T062	C2603343
28493821	335	340	fetal	T169	C0521457
28493821	341	349	behavior	T033	C0872354
28493821	353	362	real time	T079	C1550177
28493821	364	404	Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test	T060	C0430022
28493821	406	411	KANET	T060	C0430022
28493821	435	445	assessment	T060	C0278372
28493821	449	454	fetal	T169	C0521457
28493821	455	468	neurobehavior	T033	C0872354
28493821	477	486	detection	T061	C1511790
28493821	490	512	neurological disorders	T047	C0027765
28493821	527	537	assessment	T060	C0278372
28493821	545	550	fetus	T018	C0015965
28493821	554	565	application	T169	C4048755
28493821	569	582	4D ultrasound	T060	C2322162
28493821	606	613	neonate	T100	C0021289
28493821	626	637	postnatally	T079	C0443281
28493821	639	644	KANET	T060	C0430022
28493821	650	656	method	T060	C0430022
28493821	671	678	applied	T169	C4048755
28493821	687	700	past 10 years	T033	C3843825
28493821	705	712	studies	T062	C1096776
28493821	731	737	strong	T080	C0442821
28493821	738	753	diagnostic tool	T060	C0430022
28493821	765	775	introduced	T169	C1292748
28493821	781	789	everyday	T079	C0332173
28493821	790	807	clinical practice	T062	C0008972
28493821	812	819	present	T078	C0449450
28493821	820	823	all	T081	C0444868
28493821	824	828	data	T078	C1511726
28493821	834	841	studies	T062	C1096776
28493821	842	851	performed	T169	C0884358
28493821	865	870	KANET	T060	C0430022

28494223|t|Audiovisual integration supports face - name associative memory formation
28494223|a|Prior multisensory experience influences how we perceive our environment, and hence how memories are encoded for subsequent retrieval. This study investigated if audiovisual (AV) integration and associative memory formation rely on overlapping or distinct processes. Our functional magnetic resonance imaging results demonstrate that the neural mechanisms underlying AV integration and associative memory overlap substantially. In particular, activity in anterior superior temporal sulcus (STS) is increased during AV integration and also determines the success of novel AV face - name association formation. Dynamic causal modeling results further demonstrate how the anterior STS interacts with the associative memory system to facilitate successful memory formation for AV face - name associations. Specifically, the connection of fusiform gyrus to anterior STS is enhanced while the reverse connection is reduced when participants subsequently remembered both face and name. Collectively, our results demonstrate how multisensory associative memories can be formed for subsequent retrieval.
28494223	0	11	Audiovisual	T039	C1254359
28494223	12	23	integration	T040	C0679019
28494223	33	37	face	T029	C0015450
28494223	40	44	name	T170	C1547383
28494223	45	56	associative	T041	C0679045
28494223	57	73	memory formation	T041	C0025260
28494223	80	92	multisensory	T080	C0445254
28494223	93	103	experience	T041	C0596545
28494223	135	146	environment	T082	C0014406
28494223	162	170	memories	T041	C0025260
28494223	198	207	retrieval	T041	C0679061
28494223	214	219	study	T062	C2603343
28494223	236	247	audiovisual	T039	C1254359
28494223	249	251	AV	T039	C1254359
28494223	253	264	integration	T040	C0679019
28494223	269	280	associative	T041	C0679045
28494223	281	297	memory formation	T041	C0025260
28494223	356	382	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28494223	412	418	neural	T025	C0027882
28494223	419	429	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28494223	441	443	AV	T039	C1254359
28494223	444	455	integration	T040	C0679019
28494223	460	471	associative	T041	C0679045
28494223	472	478	memory	T041	C0025260
28494223	479	486	overlap	T079	C1948020
28494223	517	525	activity	T052	C0441655
28494223	529	562	anterior superior temporal sulcus	T030	C3499005
28494223	564	567	STS	T030	C1281074
28494223	589	591	AV	T039	C1254359
28494223	592	603	integration	T040	C0679019
28494223	645	647	AV	T039	C1254359
28494223	648	652	face	T029	C0015450
28494223	655	659	name	T170	C1547383
28494223	683	706	Dynamic causal modeling	UnknownType	C0681944
28494223	743	755	anterior STS	T030	C3499005
28494223	775	786	associative	T041	C0679045
28494223	787	800	memory system	T041	C0025260
28494223	826	842	memory formation	T041	C0025260
28494223	847	849	AV	T039	C1254359
28494223	850	854	face	T029	C0015450
28494223	857	861	name	T170	C1547383
28494223	862	874	associations	T041	C0679045
28494223	908	922	fusiform gyrus	T023	C0228243
28494223	926	938	anterior STS	T030	C3499005
28494223	996	1008	participants	T098	C0679646
28494223	1022	1032	remembered	T041	C0034770
28494223	1038	1042	face	T029	C0015450
28494223	1047	1051	name	T170	C1547383
28494223	1095	1107	multisensory	T080	C0445254
28494223	1108	1119	associative	T041	C0679045
28494223	1120	1128	memories	T041	C0025260
28494223	1158	1167	retrieval	T041	C0679061

28494325|t|HIV-1 integrase inhibitor resistance among treatment naïve patients in the West of Scotland
28494325|a|Transmitted integrase inhibitor resistance is rare, with only a small number of cases reported world-wide to date. The aim of this study was to assess whether transmitted integrase inhibitor resistance has occurred in Scotland and if so, could there be a case for performing genotypic integrase resistance testing at baseline. The study population consisted of 106 treatment naïve, newly diagnosed, HIV positive patients. The patient samples were collected between October 2015 and March 2016 at the time of HIV diagnosis and prior to initiation of anti-retroviral therapy. The integrase region was amplified and sequenced. We detected integrase inhibitor resistance (T66I/T) at baseline in one patient sample. This is a non-polymorphic mutation seen in patients receiving elvitegravir which confers high-level resistance to elvitegravir and intermediate resistance to raltegravir. A further 10 patients had accessory mutations which have minimal or no effect on susceptibility to integrase inhibitors. Transmitted integrase inhibitor resistance remains rare. The results of the present study do not support performing integrase resistance testing at baseline.
28494325	0	25	HIV-1 integrase inhibitor	T121	C2917373
28494325	26	36	resistance	T038	C0013203
28494325	43	52	treatment	T061	C0087111
28494325	59	67	patients	T101	C0030705
28494325	75	79	West	T082	C1705493
28494325	83	91	Scotland	T083	C0036453
28494325	92	103	Transmitted	T169	C0332289
28494325	104	123	integrase inhibitor	T121,T123	C0376601
28494325	124	134	resistance	T038	C0013203
28494325	138	142	rare	T080	C0522498
28494325	172	177	cases	T077	C1706256
28494325	178	186	reported	T170	C0684224
28494325	211	214	aim	T078	C1947946
28494325	223	228	study	T062	C2603343
28494325	236	242	assess	T052	C1516048
28494325	251	262	transmitted	T169	C0332289
28494325	263	282	integrase inhibitor	T121,T123	C0376601
28494325	283	293	resistance	T038	C0013203
28494325	310	318	Scotland	T083	C0036453
28494325	367	405	genotypic integrase resistance testing	T059	C0877124
28494325	409	417	baseline	T081	C1442488
28494325	423	439	study population	T098	C2348561
28494325	457	466	treatment	T061	C0087111
28494325	474	489	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
28494325	491	503	HIV positive	T034	C0019699
28494325	504	512	patients	T101	C0030705
28494325	518	533	patient samples	T031	C1550655
28494325	539	548	collected	T169	C1516698
28494325	600	613	HIV diagnosis	T060	C0920550
28494325	641	664	anti-retroviral therapy	T061	C1963724
28494325	670	686	integrase region	T028	C3534413
28494325	691	700	amplified	T045	C0017256
28494325	705	714	sequenced	T059	C1294197
28494325	719	727	detected	T033	C0442726
28494325	728	747	integrase inhibitor	T121,T123	C0376601
28494325	748	758	resistance	T038	C0013203
28494325	760	766	T66I/T	T045	C3534412
28494325	771	779	baseline	T081	C1442488
28494325	787	801	patient sample	T031	C1550655
28494325	813	837	non-polymorphic mutation	T045	C0026882
28494325	846	854	patients	T101	C0030705
28494325	865	877	elvitegravir	T109,T121	C2606637
28494325	892	902	high-level	T080	C0441889
28494325	903	913	resistance	T038	C0013203
28494325	917	929	elvitegravir	T109,T121	C2606637
28494325	934	946	intermediate	T082	C0205103
28494325	947	957	resistance	T038	C0013203
28494325	961	972	raltegravir	T114,T121	C1871526
28494325	987	995	patients	T101	C0030705
28494325	1000	1019	accessory mutations	T045	C0026882
28494325	1031	1038	minimal	T080	C0547040
28494325	1042	1051	no effect	T080	C1301751
28494325	1055	1069	susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28494325	1073	1093	integrase inhibitors	T121,T123	C0376601
28494325	1095	1106	Transmitted	T169	C0332289
28494325	1107	1126	integrase inhibitor	T121,T123	C0376601
28494325	1127	1137	resistance	T038	C0013203
28494325	1146	1150	rare	T080	C0522498
28494325	1156	1163	results	T033	C0683954
28494325	1179	1184	study	T062	C2603343
28494325	1211	1220	integrase	T121,T123	C0376601
28494325	1221	1231	resistance	T038	C0013203
28494325	1243	1251	baseline	T101	C0030705

28494337|t|Quantification of apigenin trimethyl ether in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application to a pre-clinical pharmacokinetic study
28494337|a|Apigenin trimethyl ether (5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone, ATE) is a naturally occurring polymethoxyflavone with a wide range of health-promoting activities. In this study, a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantification of ATE in rat plasma. Protein precipitation was applied as plasma clean-up procedure; the electrospray ionization was operated in its positive ion mode while ATE and formononetin (internal standard) were measured by multiple reactions monitoring (ATE: m/z 313.1→298.1; formononetin: 269.2→213.3). This LC-MS/MS method displayed good selectivity, sensitivity (lower limit of quantification =2.5ng/ml), accuracy (both intra- and inter-day analytical recovery within 100±10%) and precision (both intra- and inter-day RSD <10%). The matrix effect was found to be insignificant. The pharmacokinetic profiles of ATE were subsequently examined in Sprague-Dawley rats after single oral administration (10mg/kg). When given in an aqueous suspension, ATE was slowly absorbed with quite low plasma exposure (AUC). Fasting further attenuated its oral absorption and led to ∼70% drops in average maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) and AUC. When dosed in a solution formulated with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, the oral absorption of ATE was substantially improved with ∼500% increases in average Cmax and AUC. Clearly, aqueous solubility has been identified as a barrier to the oral absorption of ATE. The information obtained from this study will facilitate further medicinal exploration on ATE.
28494337	0	14	Quantification	T081	C1709793
28494337	18	42	apigenin trimethyl ether	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	46	49	rat	T015	C0034721
28494337	50	56	plasma	T031	C0032105
28494337	60	106	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
28494337	125	137	pre-clinical	T080	C1709630
28494337	138	159	pharmacokinetic study	T062	C0201734
28494337	160	184	Apigenin trimethyl ether	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	186	210	5,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	212	215	ATE	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	222	231	naturally	T169	C0205296
28494337	232	241	occurring	T079	C2745955
28494337	242	260	polymethoxyflavone	T109	C0016219
28494337	282	309	health-promoting activities	T033	C0517496
28494337	319	324	study	T062	C2603343
28494337	328	337	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28494337	338	384	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
28494337	386	394	LC-MS/MS	T059	C4049918
28494337	396	402	method	T170	C0025663
28494337	407	416	developed	T169	C1527148
28494337	421	430	validated	T062	C1519941
28494337	439	453	quantification	T081	C1709793
28494337	457	460	ATE	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	464	467	rat	T015	C0034721
28494337	468	474	plasma	T031	C0032105
28494337	476	497	Protein precipitation	T059	C3815102
28494337	502	509	applied	T169	C4048755
28494337	513	519	plasma	T031	C0032105
28494337	520	528	clean-up	T033	C3841937
28494337	529	538	procedure	T169	C2700391
28494337	544	567	electrospray ionization	T059	C1516801
28494337	588	605	positive ion mode	T169	C1513371
28494337	612	615	ATE	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	620	632	formononetin	T109,T123	C0060656
28494337	634	651	internal standard	T081	C0034925
28494337	658	666	measured	T080	C0444706
28494337	670	699	multiple reactions monitoring	T170	C0025663
28494337	701	704	ATE	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	723	735	formononetin	T109,T123	C0060656
28494337	756	771	LC-MS/MS method	T059	C4049918
28494337	782	786	good	T080	C0205170
28494337	787	811	selectivity, sensitivity	T081	C0036668
28494337	828	842	quantification	T081	C1709793
28494337	855	863	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28494337	870	876	intra-	T081	C0392762
28494337	881	910	inter-day analytical recovery	T081	C0392762
28494337	931	940	precision	T080	C1706245
28494337	947	953	intra-	T081	C0392762
28494337	958	971	inter-day RSD	T081	C0392762
28494337	983	996	matrix effect	T080	C1280500
28494337	1013	1026	insignificant	T080	C0205556
28494337	1032	1056	pharmacokinetic profiles	T169	C0031328
28494337	1060	1063	ATE	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	1082	1090	examined	T033	C0332128
28494337	1094	1113	Sprague-Dawley rats	T015	C0034715
28494337	1127	1146	oral administration	T061	C0001563
28494337	1175	1193	aqueous suspension	T122	C0038960
28494337	1195	1198	ATE	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	1210	1218	absorbed	T067	C1522240
28494337	1234	1240	plasma	T031	C0032105
28494337	1241	1249	exposure	T080	C0332157
28494337	1251	1254	AUC	T081	C0376690
28494337	1273	1283	attenuated	T052	C0599946
28494337	1288	1292	oral	T082	C0442027
28494337	1293	1303	absorption	T070	C0000854
28494337	1337	1344	maximal	T080	C0205289
28494337	1345	1365	plasma concentration	T081	C0683150
28494337	1367	1371	Cmax	T081	C0683150
28494337	1377	1380	AUC	T081	C0376690
28494337	1387	1392	dosed	T081	C0178602
28494337	1398	1406	solution	T167	C0037633
28494337	1407	1417	formulated	T062	C0524527
28494337	1423	1453	2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin	T109,T121	C0046237
28494337	1459	1463	oral	T082	C0442027
28494337	1464	1474	absorption	T070	C0000854
28494337	1478	1481	ATE	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	1486	1508	substantially improved	T033	C0184511
28494337	1520	1529	increases	T169	C0442805
28494337	1541	1545	Cmax	T081	C0683150
28494337	1550	1553	AUC	T081	C0376690
28494337	1564	1582	aqueous solubility	T081	C0597682
28494337	1608	1615	barrier	T033	C1704513
28494337	1623	1627	oral	T082	C0442027
28494337	1628	1638	absorption	T070	C0000854
28494337	1642	1645	ATE	T109,T121	C0533187
28494337	1651	1662	information	T078	C1533716
28494337	1682	1687	study	T062	C2603343
28494337	1712	1721	medicinal	T121	C0013227
28494337	1722	1733	exploration	T170	C3494260
28494337	1737	1740	ATE	T109,T121	C0533187

28494350|t|Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry quantification of acetamiprid and thiacloprid residues in butterbur grown under regulated conditions
28494350|a|An analytical method was developed to quantify the residual levels of the neonicotinoid insecticides, acetamiprid and thiacloprid, in field-incurred butterbur samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with dichloromethane. After partitioning, purification was conducted using a Florisil(®) cartridge. Linearity of a matrix-matched calibration curve of the two compounds over a concentration range of 0.004-0.4μg/g was excellent, with determination coefficients (R(2))≥0.9998. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) for both acetamiprid and thiacloprid were 0.0006 and 0.002mg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries for acetamiprid and thiacloprid at two spiking levels (0.02 and 0.1mg/kg, i.e., 10× LOQ and 50× LOQ) were between 78.23 to 82.17%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs)≤7.22%. The method was successfully applied to field-incurred samples treated with a commercial pesticide product, either once (zero or 7 days before harvest) or twice (0 and 7, 7 and 14, or 14 and 21 days before harvest). The highest and lowest residues were obtained for the 7 and 0 days ' treatment and the 21 and 14 days ' treatment, respectively. The developed method is simple and accurate and can be extrapolated to other leafy vegetables.
28494350	0	46	Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
28494350	47	61	quantification	T081	C1709793
28494350	65	76	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
28494350	81	92	thiacloprid	T109,T121	C0962702
28494350	93	101	residues	T131	C1254354
28494350	105	114	butterbur	T002	C1019150
28494350	127	147	regulated conditions	T082	C0014406
28494350	151	168	analytical method	T170	C0178476
28494350	186	194	quantify	T081	C1709793
28494350	199	207	residual	T131	C1254354
28494350	208	214	levels	T080	C0441889
28494350	222	248	neonicotinoid insecticides	T131	C1997222
28494350	250	261	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
28494350	266	277	thiacloprid	T109,T121	C0962702
28494350	282	296	field-incurred	T169	C0443318
28494350	297	306	butterbur	T002	C1019150
28494350	307	314	samples	T167	C0370003
28494350	321	367	liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry	T059	C4049918
28494350	369	377	LC-MS/MS	T059	C4049918
28494350	380	387	Samples	T167	C0370003
28494350	393	402	extracted	T059	C0684295
28494350	408	420	acetonitrile	T109	C0050456
28494350	442	457	dichloromethane	T109,T121,T131	C0025748
28494350	479	491	purification	T169	C1998793
28494350	514	535	Florisil(®) cartridge	T074	C1504285
28494350	537	546	Linearity	T082	C0205132
28494350	552	584	matrix-matched calibration curve	T081	C0006751
28494350	596	605	compounds	T131	C1254354
28494350	613	626	concentration	T081	C1446561
28494350	627	632	range	T081	C1514721
28494350	670	696	determination coefficients	T081	C2827748
28494350	698	702	R(2)	T081	C2827748
28494350	716	735	limits of detection	T081	C2718050
28494350	737	740	LOD	T081	C2718050
28494350	746	758	quantitation	T081	C1709793
28494350	760	763	LOQ	T081	C1709793
28494350	774	785	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
28494350	790	801	thiacloprid	T109,T121	C0962702
28494350	871	882	acetamiprid	T109	C1142891
28494350	887	898	thiacloprid	T109,T121	C0962702
28494350	906	920	spiking levels	T080	C0441889
28494350	951	954	LOQ	T081	C1709793
28494350	963	966	LOQ	T081	C1709793
28494350	1003	1031	relative standard deviations	T081	C0871420
28494350	1033	1037	RSDs	T081	C0871420
28494350	1050	1056	method	T170	C0178476
28494350	1085	1099	field-incurred	T169	C0443318
28494350	1100	1107	samples	T167	C0370003
28494350	1108	1115	treated	T169	C1522326
28494350	1123	1133	commercial	T170	C0680536
28494350	1134	1151	pesticide product	T131	C0031253
28494350	1176	1180	days	T079	C0439228
28494350	1188	1195	harvest	T169	C0205245
28494350	1239	1243	days	T079	C0439228
28494350	1251	1258	harvest	T169	C0205245
28494350	1284	1292	residues	T131	C1254354
28494350	1323	1327	days	T079	C0439228
28494350	1330	1339	treatment	T169	C1522326
28494350	1358	1362	days	T079	C0439228
28494350	1365	1374	treatment	T169	C1522326
28494350	1404	1410	method	T170	C0178476
28494350	1425	1433	accurate	T080	C0443131
28494350	1467	1483	leafy vegetables	T168	C0042440

28494421|t|Forest protected areas governance in Zimbabwe: Shift needed away from a long history of local community exclusion
28494421|a|In this literature review based paper we explored the concept of exclusion of local communities from accessing resources in forest protected areas (FPAs) in Zimbabwe. We discussed the colonial and post - colonial forms, causes and mechanisms of exclusion and their social, economic and ecological outcomes. We examined the range of powers embodied in and exercised through various mechanisms, processes and social relations and their impact on local communities ' access to FPA resources and associated benefits along the historical trajectory of forest governance in Zimbabwe. Results showed that the forms and extent of exclusion changed over time in tandem with the shifting political and economic landscape. During the colonial period, it was total exclusion whereby people were evicted from forest land as well as being denied access to basic resources for their livelihoods. Local communities ' access to low value FPA resources improved during the post-colonial period but access to high value resources like commercial timber as well as sharing income benefits derived from FPA commercial activities remained a pipe dream. Regulation, legitimation, force and markets constituted the mixture of the power elements that FPA governing authorities used to exclude local communities. These powers remained intact despite attempts at collaborative governance in the 1990s. However, from the year 2000, local communities expressed their dissatisfaction with the centralised exclusionary governance system by invading the FPAs rendering them ungovernable. There is therefore a need for policy reform within the FPA sector to improve the current dire situation.
28494421	0	6	Forest	T070	C0086312
28494421	7	22	protected areas	T083	C0017446
28494421	23	33	governance	T080	C0243148
28494421	37	45	Zimbabwe	T083	C0043476
28494421	47	52	Shift	T067	C2347509
28494421	72	84	long history	T033	C3714536
28494421	88	93	local	T082	C0205276
28494421	94	103	community	T096	C0009462
28494421	104	113	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28494421	168	175	concept	T078	C0178566
28494421	179	188	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28494421	192	197	local	T082	C0205276
28494421	198	209	communities	T096	C0009462
28494421	215	224	accessing	T078	C0015472
28494421	225	234	resources	T078	C0027492
28494421	238	244	forest	T070	C0086312
28494421	245	260	protected areas	T083	C0017446
28494421	262	266	FPAs	T083	C0017446
28494421	271	279	Zimbabwe	T083	C0043476
28494421	298	306	colonial	T170	C0870077
28494421	311	315	post	T079	C0687676
28494421	318	332	colonial forms	T170	C0870077
28494421	345	355	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28494421	359	368	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28494421	379	385	social	T078	C0037403
28494421	387	395	economic	T081	C0013551
28494421	400	419	ecological outcomes	T077	C0870460
28494421	424	432	examined	T033	C0332128
28494421	437	442	range	T081	C1514721
28494421	446	452	powers	T068	C0037430
28494421	507	516	processes	T067	C1522240
28494421	521	537	social relations	T054	C0037397
28494421	548	554	impact	T080	C4049986
28494421	558	563	local	T082	C0205276
28494421	564	575	communities	T096	C0009462
28494421	578	584	access	T078	C0015472
28494421	588	591	FPA	T083	C0017446
28494421	592	601	resources	T078	C0027492
28494421	617	625	benefits	T081	C0814225
28494421	636	646	historical	T079	C0681698
28494421	647	657	trajectory	T169	C0392747
28494421	661	667	forest	T070	C0086312
28494421	668	678	governance	T080	C0243148
28494421	682	690	Zimbabwe	T083	C0043476
28494421	716	721	forms	T080	C0348078
28494421	726	732	extent	T082	C0439792
28494421	736	745	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28494421	746	753	changed	T081	C0443172
28494421	754	758	over	T079	C0347984
28494421	759	763	time	T079	C0040223
28494421	783	791	shifting	T169	C0333051
28494421	792	801	political	T078	C0032381
28494421	806	824	economic landscape	T064	C0282159
28494421	837	852	colonial period	T079	C1254367
28494421	867	876	exclusion	T052	C2828389
28494421	885	891	people	T098	C0027361
28494421	897	904	evicted	T052	C2828389
28494421	910	916	forest	T070	C0086312
28494421	917	921	land	T073	C0557668
28494421	939	945	denied	T080	C0332319
28494421	946	952	access	T078	C0015472
28494421	956	961	basic	T169	C1527178
28494421	962	971	resources	T078	C0027492
28494421	995	1000	Local	T082	C0205276
28494421	1001	1012	communities	T096	C0009462
28494421	1015	1021	access	T078	C0015472
28494421	1025	1028	low	T080	C0205251
28494421	1029	1034	value	T081	C1522609
28494421	1035	1038	FPA	T083	C0017446
28494421	1039	1048	resources	T078	C0027492
28494421	1049	1057	improved	T033	C0184511
28494421	1069	1089	post-colonial period	T079	C1254367
28494421	1094	1100	access	T078	C0015472
28494421	1104	1108	high	T080	C0205250
28494421	1109	1114	value	T081	C1522609
28494421	1115	1124	resources	T078	C0027492
28494421	1130	1147	commercial timber	T167	C0043217
28494421	1159	1166	sharing	T054	C0237876
28494421	1167	1173	income	T081	C0021162
28494421	1174	1182	benefits	T081	C0814225
28494421	1183	1190	derived	T080	C1441547
28494421	1196	1199	FPA	T083	C0017446
28494421	1200	1221	commercial activities	T052	C0441655
28494421	1233	1243	pipe dream	T077	C1254372
28494421	1245	1255	Regulation	T064	C0851285
28494421	1257	1269	legitimation	T064	C0023637
28494421	1340	1343	FPA	T083	C0017446
28494421	1344	1353	governing	T080	C0243148
28494421	1354	1365	authorities	T054	C0599437
28494421	1374	1381	exclude	T052	C2828389
28494421	1382	1387	local	T082	C0205276
28494421	1388	1399	communities	T096	C0009462
28494421	1423	1429	intact	T080	C0205266
28494421	1450	1463	collaborative	T054	C0282116
28494421	1464	1474	governance	T080	C0243148
28494421	1518	1523	local	T082	C0205276
28494421	1524	1535	communities	T096	C0009462
28494421	1536	1545	expressed	T055	C0455212
28494421	1552	1567	dissatisfaction	T041	C0870433
28494421	1577	1619	centralised exclusionary governance system	T064	C0034982
28494421	1636	1640	FPAs	T083	C0017446
28494421	1656	1668	ungovernable	T033	C0243095
28494421	1700	1706	policy	T170	C0242456
28494421	1707	1713	reform	T169	C0392747
28494421	1725	1728	FPA	T083	C0017446
28494421	1729	1735	sector	T083	C1708237
28494421	1739	1746	improve	T033	C0184511
28494421	1751	1758	current	T079	C0521116
28494421	1759	1773	dire situation	T067	C0013956

28495458|t|Demonstration of a bronchobiliary fistula using magnetic resonance image with hepatospecific contrast agent
28495458|a|Bronchobiliary fistulas are a rare entity of difficult diagnosis. The utility of magnetic resonance image (MRI) with hepatospecific contrast agents to demonstrate such condition is seldom described in the literature. This case reports a patient with pulmonary infection with a past history of hepatic surgery for hydatid disease in whom the presence of bile in the sputum rose the suspicious of a bronchobiliary fistula. MRI with hepatospecific contrast agents showed the communication between the biliary and bronchial tree and provided anatomic data to allow a therapeutic approach.
28495458	19	41	bronchobiliary fistula	T190	C0340235
28495458	48	72	magnetic resonance image	T060	C0024485
28495458	78	92	hepatospecific	T042	C1372766
28495458	93	107	contrast agent	T130	C0009924
28495458	108	131	Bronchobiliary fistulas	T190	C0340235
28495458	138	142	rare	T080	C0522498
28495458	143	149	entity	T071	C1551338
28495458	163	172	diagnosis	T062	C1704656
28495458	189	213	magnetic resonance image	T060	C0024485
28495458	215	218	MRI	T060	C0024485
28495458	225	239	hepatospecific	T042	C1372766
28495458	240	255	contrast agents	T130	C0009924
28495458	289	295	seldom	T080	C0522498
28495458	313	323	literature	T170	C0023866
28495458	345	352	patient	T101	C0030705
28495458	358	377	pulmonary infection	T047	C0876973
28495458	385	400	past history of	T033	C0332119
28495458	401	408	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28495458	409	416	surgery	T061	C0543467
28495458	421	436	hydatid disease	T047	C0013504
28495458	461	465	bile	T031	C0005388
28495458	473	479	sputum	T031	C0038056
28495458	505	527	bronchobiliary fistula	T190	C0340235
28495458	529	532	MRI	T060	C0024485
28495458	538	552	hepatospecific	T042	C1372766
28495458	553	568	contrast agents	T130	C0009924
28495458	606	613	biliary	T023	C0005423
28495458	618	632	bronchial tree	T023	C0819141
28495458	646	654	anatomic	T080	C0220784
28495458	655	659	data	T078	C1511726
28495458	671	691	therapeutic approach	T061	C0087111

28495504|t|Renal arterial mycotic aneurysm after kidney transplantation
28495504|a|Mycotic aneurysm is a rare condition mostly attributable to Candida or Aspergillus species. About 20 cases of Candida -related arteritis have been reported in kidney transplant patients. Herein, we report the case of a 40-year- old man who received a kidney from a deceased donor in whom an accidental digestive wound was made during organ retrieval. He presented with sudden anuria 47 days after renal transplantation revealing a large mycotic aneurysm of the kidney graft renal artery. Organs derived from donors in whom a digestive breach is noticed should be used with caution.
28495504	0	31	Renal arterial mycotic aneurysm	T047	C0085808
28495504	38	60	kidney transplantation	T061	C0022671
28495504	61	77	Mycotic aneurysm	T047	C0085808
28495504	105	117	attributable	T078	C0449234
28495504	121	128	Candida	T004	C0006836
28495504	132	151	Aspergillus species	T004	C0004034
28495504	171	178	Candida	T004	C0006836
28495504	188	197	arteritis	T046	C0003860
28495504	220	237	kidney transplant	T061	C0022671
28495504	238	246	patients	T101	C0030705
28495504	259	265	report	T170	C0684224
28495504	312	318	kidney	T023	C0022646
28495504	335	340	donor	T098	C0013018
28495504	352	362	accidental	T169	C0521129
28495504	363	378	digestive wound	T037	C0850041
28495504	395	410	organ retrieval	T058	C0162438
28495504	437	443	anuria	T047	C0003460
28495504	458	479	renal transplantation	T061	C0022671
28495504	498	514	mycotic aneurysm	T047	C0085808
28495504	522	534	kidney graft	T024	C1720289
28495504	535	547	renal artery	T023	C0035065
28495504	549	555	Organs	T023	C0178784
28495504	569	575	donors	T098	C0013018
28495504	586	602	digestive breach	T037	C0850041
28495504	624	641	used with caution	T169	C1710588

28495651|t|Percentile categorization of QT interval as an approach for identifying adult patients at risk for cardiovascular death
28495651|a|The results from studies of the association of QT prolongation with cardiovascular death (CVD) have been inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to compare the major correction formulas to percentile values of QT for heart rate ranges as to their ability to remove the relationship of QT to heart rate and to predict CVD. Participants were 16,531 veterans who had an initial ECG at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Palo Alto, between March 31, 1987, and December 20, 1999, and were followed for CVD. The 4 major correction formulas (Bazett, Fridericia, Framingham, and Hodges) were used to correct QT interval. In addition, the percentiles for heart rate ranges as proposed by Schwartz were calculated. During median follow-up of 17.8 years, 455 CVD events occurred. When compared to the other equations, QTc Bazett had the greatest dependence on heart rate (R(2) = 0.18). The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for CVD was 2.08 (1.28-3.9) for the 98th percentile of QT interval by heart rate ranges, 2.05 (1.27-3.33) for QTc Bazett, 1.39 (0.44-4.34) for QTc Fridericia, 1.05 (0.26-4.24) for QTc Hodges, and 1.12 (0.28-4.52) for QTc Framingham. The hazard ratio of QTc Bazett was significantly higher than the other formulas except for the 98th percentile method. The Framingham, Hodges, and Fridericia equations remove the effect of heart rate on QT interval significantly better than the Bazett equation. Using QT-interval percentiles based on heart rate provides a consistent approach both for identifying those whose QT intervals prolong due to drugs or other stressors and for assessing CVD risk.
28495651	0	10	Percentile	T081	C1264641
28495651	11	25	categorization	T185	C0008902
28495651	29	40	QT interval	T033	C1287082
28495651	47	55	approach	T082	C0449445
28495651	60	71	identifying	T058	C0557971
28495651	72	77	adult	T100	C0001675
28495651	78	86	patients	T101	C0030705
28495651	90	94	risk	T078	C0035647
28495651	99	119	cardiovascular death	T201	C2926098
28495651	167	182	QT prolongation	T033	C0151878
28495651	188	208	cardiovascular death	T201	C2926098
28495651	210	213	CVD	T201	C2926098
28495651	225	237	inconsistent	T080	C0442809
28495651	243	264	purpose of this study	UnknownType	C0681832
28495651	272	279	compare	T052	C1707455
28495651	290	309	correction formulas	T081	C0392762
28495651	313	330	percentile values	T081	C1532337
28495651	334	336	QT	T081	C0860814
28495651	341	351	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28495651	352	358	ranges	T081	C1514721
28495651	371	378	ability	T032	C0085732
28495651	382	388	remove	T052	C1883720
28495651	393	405	relationship	T080	C0439849
28495651	409	411	QT	T081	C0860814
28495651	415	425	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28495651	441	444	CVD	T201	C2926098
28495651	446	458	Participants	T098	C0679646
28495651	471	479	veterans	T098	C0042610
28495651	499	502	ECG	T033	C0013798
28495651	510	541	Veterans Affairs Medical Center	T170	C0282574
28495651	543	552	Palo Alto	T083	C3827373
28495651	562	567	March	T079	C3829202
28495651	582	590	December	T080	C3830550
28495651	623	626	CVD	T201	C2926098
28495651	640	659	correction formulas	T081	C0392762
28495651	661	667	Bazett	T081	C1882512
28495651	669	679	Fridericia	T081	C1882513
28495651	681	691	Framingham	T081	C0392762
28495651	697	703	Hodges	T081	C0392762
28495651	726	737	QT interval	T033	C1287082
28495651	756	767	percentiles	T081	C1264641
28495651	772	782	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28495651	783	789	ranges	T081	C1514721
28495651	805	813	Schwartz	T016	C0086418
28495651	838	844	median	T082	C2939193
28495651	863	868	years	T079	C1510829
28495651	874	877	CVD	T201	C2926098
28495651	922	931	equations	T077	C0552449
28495651	975	985	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28495651	1005	1017	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28495651	1023	1042	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28495651	1048	1051	CVD	T201	C2926098
28495651	1085	1095	percentile	T081	C1264641
28495651	1099	1110	QT interval	T033	C1287082
28495651	1114	1124	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28495651	1125	1131	ranges	T081	C1514721
28495651	1154	1164	QTc Bazett	T081	C1882512
28495651	1224	1234	QTc Hodges	T081	C0392762
28495651	1261	1275	QTc Framingham	T081	C0392762
28495651	1297	1307	QTc Bazett	T081	C1882512
28495651	1312	1332	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28495651	1348	1356	formulas	T170	C0489829
28495651	1377	1387	percentile	T081	C1264641
28495651	1400	1410	Framingham	T081	C0392762
28495651	1412	1418	Hodges	T081	C0392762
28495651	1424	1444	Fridericia equations	T081	C0392762
28495651	1445	1451	remove	T052	C1883720
28495651	1456	1462	effect	T080	C1280500
28495651	1466	1476	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28495651	1480	1491	QT interval	T033	C1287082
28495651	1522	1537	Bazett equation	T081	C0392762
28495651	1545	1556	QT-interval	T033	C1287082
28495651	1557	1568	percentiles	T081	C1264641
28495651	1578	1588	heart rate	T201	C0018810
28495651	1611	1619	approach	T082	C0449445
28495651	1653	1665	QT intervals	T033	C1287082
28495651	1681	1686	drugs	T061	C3687832
28495651	1696	1705	stressors	T078	C0597530
28495651	1724	1727	CVD	T201	C2926098
28495651	1728	1732	risk	T078	C0035647

28495811|t|Randomised controlled trial of online continuing education for health professionals to improve the management of chronic fatigue syndrome: a study protocol
28495811|a|Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a serious and debilitating illness that affects between 0.2%-2.6% of the world's population. Although there is level 1 evidence of the benefit of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy (GET) for some people with CFS, uptake of these interventions is low or at best untimely. This can be partly attributed to poor clinician awareness and knowledge of CFS and related CBT and GET interventions. This trial aims to evaluate the effect of participation in an online education programme, compared with a wait-list control group, on allied health professionals' knowledge about evidence-based CFS interventions and their levels of confidence to engage in the dissemination of these interventions. A randomised controlled trial consisting of 180 consenting allied health professionals will be conducted. Participants will be randomised into an intervention group (n=90) that will receive access to the online education programme, or a wait-list control group (n=90). The primary outcomes will be: 1) knowledge and clinical reasoning skills regarding CFS and its management, measured at baseline, postintervention and follow-up, and 2) self-reported confidence in knowledge and clinical reasoning skills related to CFS. Secondary outcomes include retention of knowledge and satisfaction with the online education programme. The influence of the education programme on clinical practice behaviour, and self-reported success in the management of people with CFS, will also be assessed in a cohort study design with participants from the intervention and control groups combined. The study protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee at The University of New South Wales (approval number HC16419). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal articles and presentations at scientific conferences and meetings. ACTRN12616000296437.
28495811	0	27	Randomised controlled trial	T062,T170	C1096777
28495811	49	58	education	T065	C0013621
28495811	63	83	health professionals	T097	C1704312
28495811	99	109	management	T058	C0376636
28495811	113	137	chronic fatigue syndrome	T047	C0015674
28495811	141	155	study protocol	T170	C2348563
28495811	156	180	Chronic fatigue syndrome	T047	C0015674
28495811	182	185	CFS	T047	C0015674
28495811	217	224	illness	T184	C0221423
28495811	263	281	world's population	T098	C2349156
28495811	301	308	level 1	T170	C0456947
28495811	336	363	cognitive behaviour therapy	T061	C0009244
28495811	365	368	CBT	T061	C0009244
28495811	374	397	graded exercise therapy	T061	C2711962
28495811	399	402	GET	T061	C2711962
28495811	413	419	people	T098	C0027361
28495811	425	428	CFS	T047	C0015674
28495811	446	459	interventions	T061	C0184661
28495811	521	545	poor clinician awareness	T033	C1328734
28495811	550	559	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28495811	563	566	CFS	T047	C0015674
28495811	579	582	CBT	T061	C0009244
28495811	587	590	GET	T061	C2711962
28495811	591	604	interventions	T061	C0184661
28495811	625	633	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28495811	648	661	participation	T169	C0679823
28495811	668	694	online education programme	T065	C0729314
28495811	712	735	wait-list control group	T096	C0009932
28495811	740	768	allied health professionals'	T097	C0002122
28495811	769	778	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28495811	800	803	CFS	T047	C0015674
28495811	804	817	interventions	T061	C0184661
28495811	828	848	levels of confidence	T033	C0518578
28495811	866	879	dissemination	T054	C0021417
28495811	889	902	interventions	T061	C0184661
28495811	906	933	randomised controlled trial	T062,T170	C1096777
28495811	963	990	allied health professionals	T097	C0002122
28495811	1010	1022	Participants	T098	C0679646
28495811	1031	1041	randomised	T062	C0034656
28495811	1050	1062	intervention	T061	C0184661
28495811	1108	1134	online education programme	T065	C0729314
28495811	1141	1164	wait-list control group	T096	C0009932
28495811	1206	1215	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28495811	1220	1245	clinical reasoning skills	T058	C1254363
28495811	1256	1259	CFS	T047	C0015674
28495811	1268	1278	management	T058	C0376636
28495811	1292	1300	baseline	T081	C1442488
28495811	1302	1318	postintervention	T061	C0184661
28495811	1323	1332	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28495811	1341	1354	self-reported	T062	C2700446
28495811	1355	1365	confidence	T041	C1704726
28495811	1369	1378	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28495811	1383	1408	clinical reasoning skills	T058	C1254363
28495811	1420	1423	CFS	T047	C0015674
28495811	1465	1474	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28495811	1501	1527	online education programme	T065	C0729314
28495811	1550	1569	education programme	T065	C0729314
28495811	1573	1600	clinical practice behaviour	T057	C0205897
28495811	1606	1619	self-reported	T062	C2700446
28495811	1635	1645	management	T058	C0376636
28495811	1649	1655	people	T098	C0027361
28495811	1661	1664	CFS	T047	C0015674
28495811	1693	1712	cohort study design	T081	C0009247
28495811	1718	1730	participants	T098	C0679646
28495811	1740	1752	intervention	T061	C0184661
28495811	1757	1771	control groups	T096	C0009932
28495811	1786	1800	study protocol	T170	C2348563
28495811	1826	1857	Human Research Ethics Committee	T097	C0086911
28495811	1865	1894	University of New South Wales	T073,T092	C0041740
28495811	1938	1950	disseminated	T054	C0021417
28495811	1955	1985	peer-reviewed journal articles	T170	C0282420
28495811	1990	2003	presentations	T078	C0449450
28495811	2007	2042	scientific conferences and meetings	T058	C0586182

28495897|t|Geographical Difference of the Interaction of Sex With Treatment Strategy in Patients With Multivessel Disease and Left Main Disease: A Meta-Analysis From SYNTAX (Synergy Between PCI With Taxus and Cardiac Surgery), PRECOMBAT (Bypass Surgery Versus Angioplasty Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients With Left Main Coronary Artery Disease), and BEST (Bypass Surgery and Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation in the Treatment of Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease) Randomized Controlled Trials
28495897|a|The impact of sex on clinical outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass graft for patients with multivessel coronary disease and unprotected left main disease could be dissimilar between Western and Asian populations. To assess clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft in women and men with multivessel coronary disease and unprotected left main disease, a pooled analysis (n=3280) was performed using the patient - level data from 3 large randomized trials: SYNTAX (Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery), PRECOMBAT (Bypass Surgery Versus Angioplasty Using Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients With Left Main Coronary Artery Disease), and BEST (Bypass Surgery and Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation in the Treatment of Patients with Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease) trials. The primary end point was all-cause death. Of 3280 patients, 794 patients (24.2%) were women. The median follow-up period was 1806 days (1611-1837 days). In women, a high heterogeneity of the treatment effect among the 3 trials was found for all-cause death (I(2)>50%), whereas in men, it was consistent across the 3 trials. In the Western trial (SYNTAX), female sex favored coronary artery bypass graft compared with percutaneous coronary intervention (hazard ratio (percutaneous coronary intervention) 2.213; 95% confidence interval, 1.242-3.943; P=0.007), whereas in the Asian women (PRECOMBAT and BEST), the treatment effect was neutral between both strategies. Sex interaction with treatment strategy was evident in the Western trial (Pinteraction =0.019) but not in the Asian trials (PRECOMBAT Pinteraction =0.469 and BEST Pinteraction =0.472; I(2)=58%). The present meta-analysis suggested the presence of the heterogeneous sex - treatment interaction across Asian and Western trials. Considering the ongoing globalization of our medical practice, the heterogeneity of the sex - treatment interaction needs to be well recognized and taken into account during the decision making of the treatment strategy. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00114972, NCT00997828, NCT00422968.
28495897	0	23	Geographical Difference	T033	C0935553
28495897	31	42	Interaction	T169	C1704675
28495897	46	49	Sex	T040	C0009253
28495897	55	73	Treatment Strategy	T061	C0040808
28495897	77	85	Patients	T101	C0030705
28495897	91	110	Multivessel Disease	T047	C0012634
28495897	115	132	Left Main Disease	T047	C1299433
28495897	136	149	Meta-Analysis	T062	C0920317
28495897	155	161	SYNTAX	T061	C0087111
28495897	179	182	PCI	T061	C1532338
28495897	188	193	Taxus	T074	C0038257
28495897	198	213	Cardiac Surgery	T061	C0018821
28495897	216	225	PRECOMBAT	T061	C0087111
28495897	227	241	Bypass Surgery	T061	C1536078
28495897	249	260	Angioplasty	T061	C0162577
28495897	267	290	Sirolimus-Eluting Stent	T074	C2199093
28495897	294	302	Patients	T101	C0030705
28495897	308	341	Left Main Coronary Artery Disease	T047	C1299433
28495897	348	352	BEST	T061	C0087111
28495897	354	368	Bypass Surgery	T061	C1536078
28495897	373	397	Everolimus-Eluting Stent	T074	C1322815
28495897	398	410	Implantation	T061	C0021107
28495897	418	427	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28495897	431	439	Patients	T101	C0030705
28495897	445	480	Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease	T047	C0010068
28495897	482	510	Randomized Controlled Trials	T062	C0206035
28495897	515	521	impact	T080	C4049986
28495897	525	528	sex	T040	C0009253
28495897	532	549	clinical outcomes	T034	C0456984
28495897	553	587	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
28495897	592	620	coronary artery bypass graft	T061	C0010055
28495897	625	633	patients	T101	C0030705
28495897	639	667	multivessel coronary disease	T047	C0010068
28495897	684	701	left main disease	T047	C1299433
28495897	711	721	dissimilar	T080	C0443202
28495897	730	737	Western	T098	C1257890
28495897	742	759	Asian populations	T098	C0078988
28495897	771	788	clinical outcomes	T034	C0456984
28495897	795	829	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
28495897	833	861	coronary artery bypass graft	T061	C0010055
28495897	865	870	women	T098	C0043210
28495897	875	878	men	T098	C0025266
28495897	884	912	multivessel coronary disease	T047	C0010068
28495897	929	946	left main disease	T047	C1299433
28495897	950	965	pooled analysis	T062	C0936012
28495897	979	988	performed	T169	C0884358
28495897	989	994	using	T169	C1524063
28495897	999	1006	patient	T101	C0030705
28495897	1009	1014	level	T080	C0441889
28495897	1015	1019	data	T078	C1511726
28495897	1033	1050	randomized trials	T062	C0206035
28495897	1052	1058	SYNTAX	T061	C0087111
28495897	1076	1079	PCI	T061	C1532338
28495897	1085	1090	Taxus	T074	C0038257
28495897	1095	1110	Cardiac Surgery	T061	C0018821
28495897	1113	1122	PRECOMBAT	T061	C0087111
28495897	1124	1138	Bypass Surgery	T061	C1536078
28495897	1146	1157	Angioplasty	T061	C0162577
28495897	1164	1187	Sirolimus-Eluting Stent	T074	C2199093
28495897	1191	1199	Patients	T101	C0030705
28495897	1205	1238	Left Main Coronary Artery Disease	T047	C1299433
28495897	1245	1249	BEST	T061	C0087111
28495897	1251	1265	Bypass Surgery	T061	C1536078
28495897	1270	1294	Everolimus-Eluting Stent	T074	C1322815
28495897	1295	1307	Implantation	T061	C0021107
28495897	1315	1324	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28495897	1328	1336	Patients	T101	C0030705
28495897	1342	1377	Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease	T047	C0010068
28495897	1379	1385	trials	T062	C0206035
28495897	1391	1398	primary	T080	C0205225
28495897	1399	1408	end point	T080	C2349179
28495897	1413	1428	all-cause death	T033	C0007465
28495897	1438	1446	patients	T101	C0030705
28495897	1452	1460	patients	T101	C0030705
28495897	1474	1479	women	T098	C0043210
28495897	1485	1491	median	T081	C0876920
28495897	1492	1501	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28495897	1502	1508	period	T079	C1948053
28495897	1513	1522	1806 days	T079	C0439228
28495897	1544	1549	women	T098	C0043210
28495897	1553	1557	high	T080	C0205250
28495897	1558	1571	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28495897	1579	1595	treatment effect	T033	C1518681
28495897	1608	1614	trials	T062	C0206035
28495897	1619	1624	found	T033	C0150312
28495897	1629	1644	all-cause death	T033	C0007465
28495897	1668	1671	men	T098	C0025266
28495897	1680	1690	consistent	T078	C0332290
28495897	1704	1710	trials	T062	C0206035
28495897	1719	1726	Western	T098	C1257890
28495897	1727	1732	trial	T062	C0206035
28495897	1734	1740	SYNTAX	T061	C0087111
28495897	1743	1749	female	T098	C0043210
28495897	1750	1753	sex	T040	C0009253
28495897	1762	1790	coronary artery bypass graft	T061	C0010055
28495897	1791	1799	compared	T052	C1707455
28495897	1805	1839	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
28495897	1841	1853	hazard ratio	T081	C2985465
28495897	1855	1889	percutaneous coronary intervention	T061	C1532338
28495897	1902	1921	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28495897	1961	1966	Asian	T098	C0078988
28495897	1967	1972	women	T098	C0043210
28495897	1974	1983	PRECOMBAT	T061	C0087111
28495897	1988	1992	BEST	T061	C0087111
28495897	1999	2008	treatment	T061	C0087111
28495897	2009	2015	effect	T080	C1280500
28495897	2041	2051	strategies	T061	C0040808
28495897	2053	2056	Sex	T040	C0009253
28495897	2057	2068	interaction	T169	C1704675
28495897	2074	2092	treatment strategy	T061	C0040808
28495897	2097	2104	evident	T078	C3887511
28495897	2112	2119	Western	T098	C1257890
28495897	2120	2125	trial	T062	C0206035
28495897	2127	2139	Pinteraction	T081	C0392762
28495897	2152	2155	not	T169	C1518422
28495897	2163	2168	Asian	T098	C0078988
28495897	2169	2175	trials	T062	C0206035
28495897	2177	2186	PRECOMBAT	T061	C0087111
28495897	2187	2199	Pinteraction	T081	C0392762
28495897	2211	2215	BEST	T061	C0087111
28495897	2216	2228	Pinteraction	T081	C0392762
28495897	2260	2273	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28495897	2288	2296	presence	T033	C0150312
28495897	2304	2317	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28495897	2318	2321	sex	T040	C0009253
28495897	2324	2333	treatment	T061	C0087111
28495897	2334	2345	interaction	T169	C1704675
28495897	2353	2358	Asian	T098	C0078988
28495897	2363	2370	Western	T098	C1257890
28495897	2371	2377	trials	T062	C0206035
28495897	2395	2402	ongoing	T078	C0549178
28495897	2403	2416	globalization	T067	C1510610
28495897	2424	2440	medical practice	T058	C0032895
28495897	2446	2459	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28495897	2467	2470	sex	T040	C0009253
28495897	2473	2482	treatment	T061	C0087111
28495897	2483	2494	interaction	T169	C1704675
28495897	2546	2552	during	T079	C0347984
28495897	2557	2572	decision making	T041	C0011109
28495897	2580	2598	treatment strategy	T061	C0040808

28495934|t|How Should I Study for the Exam? Self-Regulated Learning Strategies and Achievement in Introductory Biology
28495934|a|In college introductory science courses, students are challenged with mastering large amounts of disciplinary content while developing as autonomous and effective learners. Self-regulated learning (SRL) is the process of setting learning goals, monitoring progress toward them, and applying appropriate study strategies. SRL characterizes successful, "expert" learners, and develops with time and practice. In a large, undergraduate introductory biology course, we investigated: 1) what SRL strategies students reported using the most when studying for exams, 2) which strategies were associated with higher achievement and with grade improvement on exams, and 3) what study approaches students proposed to use for future exams. Higher - achieving students, and students whose exam grades improved in the first half of the semester, reported using specific cognitive and metacognitive strategies significantly more frequently than their lower - achieving peers. Lower - achieving students more frequently reported that they did not implement their planned strategies or, if they did, still did not improve their outcomes. These results suggest that many students entering introductory biology have limited knowledge of SRL strategies and/or limited ability to implement them, which can impact their achievement. Course -specific interventions that promote SRL development should be considered as integral pedagogical tools, aimed at fostering development of students ' lifelong learning skills.
28495934	27	31	Exam	UnknownType	C0681376
28495934	33	56	Self-Regulated Learning	T041	C1510634
28495934	57	67	Strategies	T065	C0237896
28495934	72	83	Achievement	T065,T170	C0237912
28495934	87	107	Introductory Biology	T091	C0005532
28495934	111	118	college	T073	C0557806
28495934	119	139	introductory science	T090	C0036397
28495934	140	147	courses	T065	C0013652
28495934	149	157	students	T098	C0038492
28495934	205	225	disciplinary content	T080	C0205556
28495934	246	256	autonomous	UnknownType	C0815096
28495934	261	270	effective	T080	C1704419
28495934	271	279	learners	T098	C0038492
28495934	281	304	Self-regulated learning	T041	C1510634
28495934	306	309	SRL	T041	C1510634
28495934	337	351	learning goals	T078	C2010704
28495934	364	372	progress	T169	C1280477
28495934	411	427	study strategies	T065	C0237896
28495934	429	432	SRL	T041	C1510634
28495934	468	476	learners	T098	C0038492
28495934	527	540	undergraduate	T170	C0683865
28495934	541	561	introductory biology	T091	C0005532
28495934	562	568	course	T065	C0013652
28495934	595	598	SRL	T041	C1510634
28495934	599	609	strategies	T065	C0237896
28495934	610	618	students	T098	C0038492
28495934	661	666	exams	UnknownType	C0681376
28495934	677	687	strategies	T065	C0237896
28495934	716	727	achievement	T053	C0001072
28495934	737	742	grade	T185	C0441800
28495934	743	754	improvement	T033	C0184511
28495934	758	763	exams	UnknownType	C0681376
28495934	794	802	students	T098	C0038492
28495934	830	835	exams	UnknownType	C0681376
28495934	837	843	Higher	T080	C0205250
28495934	846	855	achieving	T053	C0001072
28495934	856	864	students	T098	C0038492
28495934	870	878	students	T098	C0038492
28495934	885	889	exam	UnknownType	C0681376
28495934	890	896	grades	T185	C0441800
28495934	897	905	improved	T033	C0184511
28495934	913	923	first half	T033	C3843058
28495934	931	939	semester	T079	C2348178
28495934	965	974	cognitive	T041	C0009240
28495934	979	1003	metacognitive strategies	T041	C0870885
28495934	1023	1033	frequently	T079	C0332183
28495934	1045	1050	lower	T052	C2003888
28495934	1053	1062	achieving	T053	C0001072
28495934	1063	1068	peers	T098	C0679739
28495934	1070	1075	Lower	T052	C2003888
28495934	1078	1087	achieving	T053	C0001072
28495934	1088	1096	students	T098	C0038492
28495934	1102	1112	frequently	T079	C0332183
28495934	1164	1174	strategies	T065	C0237896
28495934	1220	1228	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28495934	1262	1270	students	T098	C0038492
28495934	1280	1300	introductory biology	T091	C0005532
28495934	1306	1313	limited	T169	C0439801
28495934	1314	1323	knowledge	T065	C0013621
28495934	1327	1330	SRL	T041	C1510634
28495934	1331	1341	strategies	T065	C0237896
28495934	1349	1356	limited	T169	C0439801
28495934	1394	1400	impact	T080	C4049986
28495934	1407	1418	achievement	T065,T170	C0237912
28495934	1420	1426	Course	T065	C0013652
28495934	1437	1450	interventions	T058	C0242687
28495934	1464	1467	SRL	T041	C1510634
28495934	1513	1530	pedagogical tools	T090	C1510624
28495934	1541	1550	fostering	T056	C0242298
28495934	1566	1574	students	T098	C0038492
28495934	1577	1585	lifelong	T079	C4274169
28495934	1586	1601	learning skills	T041	C0871370

28496002|t|Risk of cancer in patients with heart failure who use digoxin: a 10-year follow-up study and cell -based verification
28496002|a|Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of death in the world and digoxin remains one of the oldest therapies for HF. However, its safety and efficacy have been controversial since its initial use and there is uncertainty about its long-term efficacy and safety. Recently, the repositioning of cardiac glycosides is to function in anti-tumor activity via multiple working pathways. It is interesting to compare the potential effects of digoxin in clinical patients and cell lines. First, we analyze patient information retrieved from the National Health Insurance Research database of Taiwan between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2000. This retrospective study included a study cohort (1,219 patients) and a comparison cohort. Our analytical data suggested that patients taking digoxin are at an increased risk of cancers, including breast, liver, and lung cancers, during the 10-year follow-up period. In contrast to the anti-tumor function of digoxin, we further examined the potential pathway of digoxin via the cell -based strategy using several breast cancer cell lines, including MCF-7, BT-474, MAD-MB-231, and ZR-75-1. Digoxin consistently exerted its cytotoxicity to these four cell lines with various range of concentration. However, the proliferation of ZR-75-1 cells was the only cell lines induced by digoxin and the others were dramatically suppressed by digoxin. The responsiveness of SRSF3 to digoxin might be involved with cell-type differences. In summary, we combined a cohort study for digoxin treatment for HF patients with a cell -based strategy that addresses the translation issue, which revealed the complexity of personalized medicine.
28496002	0	14	Risk of cancer	T081	C0596244
28496002	18	26	patients	T101	C0030705
28496002	32	45	heart failure	T047	C0018801
28496002	54	61	digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	73	88	follow-up study	T062	C0016441
28496002	93	97	cell	T025	C0007634
28496002	105	117	verification	T169	C1711411
28496002	118	131	Heart failure	T047	C0018801
28496002	133	135	HF	T047	C0018801
28496002	152	166	cause of death	T033	C0007465
28496002	174	179	world	T098	C2700280
28496002	184	191	digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	218	227	therapies	T061	C0087111
28496002	232	234	HF	T047	C0018801
28496002	249	255	safety	T068	C0036043
28496002	260	268	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28496002	311	314	use	T169	C0457083
28496002	328	339	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28496002	350	359	long-term	T079	C0443252
28496002	360	368	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28496002	373	379	safety	T068	C0036043
28496002	395	408	repositioning	T061	C0556030
28496002	412	430	cardiac glycosides	T109,T121	C0007158
28496002	437	445	function	T169	C0542341
28496002	449	468	anti-tumor activity	T061	C0920425
28496002	473	481	multiple	T081	C0439064
28496002	482	498	working pathways	T077	C1705987
28496002	521	528	compare	T052	C1707455
28496002	533	542	potential	T080	C3245505
28496002	543	550	effects	T080	C1280500
28496002	554	561	digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	565	573	clinical	T080	C0205210
28496002	574	582	patients	T101	C0030705
28496002	587	597	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28496002	617	636	patient information	T170	C1955348
28496002	656	699	National Health Insurance Research database	T170	C0242356
28496002	703	709	Taiwan	T083	C0039260
28496002	762	781	retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28496002	799	805	cohort	T098	C0599755
28496002	813	821	patients	T101	C0030705
28496002	829	839	comparison	T052	C1707455
28496002	840	846	cohort	T098	C0599755
28496002	852	867	analytical data	T078	C1511726
28496002	883	891	patients	T101	C0030705
28496002	899	906	digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	917	926	increased	T081	C0205217
28496002	927	942	risk of cancers	T081	C0596244
28496002	954	960	breast	T191	C0006142
28496002	962	967	liver	T191	C0345904
28496002	973	985	lung cancers	T191	C0684249
28496002	1006	1022	follow-up period	T058	C1522577
28496002	1043	1062	anti-tumor function	T061	C0920425
28496002	1066	1073	digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	1099	1108	potential	T080	C3245505
28496002	1109	1116	pathway	T169	C1291081
28496002	1120	1127	digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	1136	1140	cell	T025	C0007634
28496002	1148	1156	strategy	T041	C0679199
28496002	1171	1184	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28496002	1185	1195	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28496002	1207	1212	MCF-7	T025	C0596890
28496002	1214	1220	BT-474	T025	C0085983
28496002	1222	1232	MAD-MB-231	T025	C0085983
28496002	1238	1245	ZR-75-1	T025	C0085983
28496002	1247	1254	Digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	1280	1292	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28496002	1307	1317	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28496002	1340	1353	concentration	T081	C1446561
28496002	1368	1381	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28496002	1385	1398	ZR-75-1 cells	T025	C0085983
28496002	1412	1422	cell lines	T025	C0085983
28496002	1434	1441	digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	1475	1485	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28496002	1489	1496	digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	1502	1516	responsiveness	T169	C0205342
28496002	1520	1525	SRSF3	T028	C1419994
28496002	1529	1536	digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	1560	1569	cell-type	T170	C0449475
28496002	1570	1581	differences	T080	C1705242
28496002	1609	1621	cohort study	T081	C0009247
28496002	1626	1633	digoxin	T109,T121	C0012265
28496002	1634	1643	treatment	T061	C0087111
28496002	1648	1650	HF	T047	C0018801
28496002	1651	1659	patients	T101	C0030705
28496002	1667	1671	cell	T025	C0007634
28496002	1679	1687	strategy	T041	C0679199
28496002	1745	1755	complexity	T080	C0439855
28496002	1759	1780	personalized medicine	T061	C2718059

28496419|t|Comparison and Outcome Analysis of Patients with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Triggered by Emotional Stress or Physical Stress
28496419|a|Background: Previous studies revealed that takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is triggered by physical and emotional stresses. This study was performed to determine the short- and long-term prognostic impact of emotional- and physical stress associated with TTC. Methods and results: Our institutional database constituted a collective of 84 patients diagnosed with TTC between 2003 and 2015. The patients were divided into two groups as per the presence of emotional stress (n = 24, 21%) or physical stress (n = 60, 52.6%). The endpoint was a composite of in-hospital events (thromboembolic events and life-threatening arrhythmias), myocardial infarction, all- cause of mortality, re-hospitalization due to heart failure, stroke, and recurrence of TTC. A Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a significantly lower event-free survival rate over a mean follow-up of 5 years in the emotional group than the physical stress group (log-rank, p < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed only emotional stress (HR 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.9, p < 0.05) as a negative independent predictor of the primary endpoint. Conclusion: Rates of in-hospital events and short- as well as long-term events were significantly lower in TTC patients suffering from emotional stress as compared to patients with physical stress.
28496419	23	43	Analysis of Patients	T058	C0679830
28496419	49	73	Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy	T047	C1739395
28496419	74	86	Triggered by	T080	C1444748
28496419	87	103	Emotional Stress	T048	C0086209
28496419	107	122	Physical Stress	T046	C0231302
28496419	166	190	takotsubo cardiomyopathy	T047	C1739395
28496419	192	195	TTC	T047	C1739395
28496419	200	212	triggered by	T080	C1444748
28496419	213	221	physical	T046	C0231302
28496419	226	244	emotional stresses	T048	C0086209
28496419	288	294	short-	T079	C0443303
28496419	299	308	long-term	T079	C0443252
28496419	330	340	emotional-	T048	C0086209
28496419	345	360	physical stress	T046	C0231302
28496419	361	376	associated with	T080	C0332281
28496419	377	380	TTC	T047	C1739395
28496419	407	429	institutional database	T170	C0242356
28496419	461	469	patients	T101	C0030705
28496419	470	479	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28496419	485	488	TTC	T047	C1739395
28496419	516	524	patients	T101	C0030705
28496419	547	553	groups	T078	C0441833
28496419	577	593	emotional stress	T048	C0086209
28496419	611	626	physical stress	T046	C0231302
28496419	648	656	endpoint	T080	C2349179
28496419	663	672	composite	T080	C0205199
28496419	676	694	in-hospital events	T033	C0243095
28496419	696	717	thromboembolic events	T046	C0040038
28496419	722	738	life-threatening	T033	C2826244
28496419	739	750	arrhythmias	T033	C0003811
28496419	753	774	myocardial infarction	T047	C0027051
28496419	781	799	cause of mortality	T033	C1408525
28496419	801	819	re-hospitalization	T058	C1254363
28496419	827	840	heart failure	T047	C0018801
28496419	842	848	stroke	T047	C0038454
28496419	854	864	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28496419	868	871	TTC	T047	C1739395
28496419	875	896	Kaplan-Meier analysis	T081	C1720943
28496419	940	953	survival rate	T081	C0038954
28496419	966	975	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28496419	994	1003	emotional	T048	C0086209
28496419	1004	1009	group	T078	C0441833
28496419	1019	1034	physical stress	T046	C0231302
28496419	1035	1040	group	T078	C0441833
28496419	1063	1099	Multivariate Cox regression analysis	T170	C0034980
28496419	1114	1130	emotional stress	T048	C0086209
28496419	1172	1202	negative independent predictor	T033	C0243095
28496419	1218	1226	endpoint	T080	C2349179
28496419	1249	1267	in-hospital events	T033	C0243095
28496419	1272	1278	short-	T079	C0443303
28496419	1290	1299	long-term	T079	C0443252
28496419	1335	1338	TTC	T047	C1739395
28496419	1339	1347	patients	T101	C0030705
28496419	1348	1357	suffering	T048	C0683278
28496419	1363	1379	emotional stress	T048	C0086209
28496419	1395	1403	patients	T101	C0030705
28496419	1409	1424	physical stress	T046	C0231302

28497106|t|Stress and Intimate Partner Aggression
28497106|a|Evidence suggests that stressed couples also tend to be aggressive couples. Chronic external stresses interact with individuals' dispositional and regulatory deficiencies, resulting in a spillover of these stresses into the relationship. High individual stress in combination with problematic interaction styles and problem-solving abilities increases the likelihood of IPA. We applied the I(3) Model to better organize the instigating, impelling, and inhibiting factors and processes that moderate the stress - IPA association. Evidence suggests that certain forms of stress, such as IPA victimization, reliably instigate IPA perpetration, with weak inhibitory processes and impaired problem solving moderating the stress - IPA association. More research is needed that specifies the 'perfect storm' of factors that increase our understanding of how, and for whom, stress increases IPA risk.
28497106	0	6	Stress	T033	C0038435
28497106	11	38	Intimate Partner Aggression	T053	C4042876
28497106	62	70	stressed	T033	C0038435
28497106	71	78	couples	T099	C0010222
28497106	95	105	aggressive	T055	C0001807
28497106	106	113	couples	T099	C0010222
28497106	115	122	Chronic	T079	C0205191
28497106	132	140	stresses	T033	C0038435
28497106	141	149	interact	T169	C1704675
28497106	155	167	individuals'	T098	C0237401
28497106	168	209	dispositional and regulatory deficiencies	T041	C0025361
28497106	245	253	stresses	T033	C0038435
28497106	263	275	relationship	T080	C0439849
28497106	282	292	individual	T098	C0237401
28497106	293	299	stress	T033	C0038435
28497106	303	314	combination	T080	C0205195
28497106	320	350	problematic interaction styles	T033	C0243095
28497106	355	380	problem-solving abilities	T033	C0243095
28497106	409	412	IPA	T053	C4042876
28497106	429	439	I(3) Model	T170	C0282574
28497106	450	458	organize	T169	C1300196
28497106	463	474	instigating	T169	C1704686
28497106	476	485	impelling	T053	C0004927
28497106	491	509	inhibiting factors	T041	C0025361
28497106	514	523	processes	T067	C1522240
28497106	542	548	stress	T033	C0038435
28497106	551	554	IPA	T053	C4042876
28497106	555	566	association	T080	C0439849
28497106	608	614	stress	T033	C0038435
28497106	624	627	IPA	T053	C4042876
28497106	628	641	victimization	T068	C0376695
28497106	652	661	instigate	T169	C1704686
28497106	662	665	IPA	T053	C4042876
28497106	666	678	perpetration	T037	C0178314
28497106	690	710	inhibitory processes	T067	C1522240
28497106	715	723	impaired	T169	C0221099
28497106	724	739	problem solving	T041	C0033211
28497106	755	761	stress	T033	C0038435
28497106	764	767	IPA	T053	C4042876
28497106	768	779	association	T080	C0439849
28497106	786	794	research	T062	C0035168
28497106	869	882	understanding	T041	C0162340
28497106	905	911	stress	T033	C0038435
28497106	922	925	IPA	T053	C4042876
28497106	926	930	risk	T078	C0035647

28497407|t|Tobacco use is not associated with groin hernia repair, a population-based study
28497407|a|The pathogenesis of groin hernia is not fully understood and some suggested risk factors are debatable. This population-based study evaluates the association between groin hernia repair and tobacco use. An observational study based on register linkage between the Swedish Hernia Register and the Västerbotten Intervention Program (VIP). All primary groin hernia repairs performed from 2001 to 2013 in the county of Västerbotten, Sweden, were included. VIP provided data on the use of tobacco in 102,857 individuals. Neither smoking nor the use of snus, increased the risk for requiring a groin hernia repair. On the contrary, heavy smoking decreased the risk for men, HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.58-0.96), as did having a BMI over 30 kg/m(2) HR (men) 0.33 (95% CI 0.27-0.40). Tobacco use is not a risk factor for requiring a groin hernia repair, whereas having a low BMI significantly increases the risk.
28497407	0	7	Tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
28497407	8	11	use	T169	C0457083
28497407	19	34	associated with	T080	C0332281
28497407	35	54	groin hernia repair	T061	C3514453
28497407	58	80	population-based study	T062	C1709599
28497407	85	97	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28497407	101	106	groin	T029	C0816951
28497407	107	113	hernia	T190	C0019270
28497407	157	169	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28497407	174	183	debatable	T201	C3830527
28497407	190	212	population-based study	T062	C1709599
28497407	213	222	evaluates	T058	C0220825
28497407	227	238	association	T080	C0439849
28497407	247	266	groin hernia repair	T061	C3514453
28497407	271	278	tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
28497407	279	282	use	T169	C0457083
28497407	287	306	observational study	T062	C1518527
28497407	345	368	Swedish Hernia Register	T170	C0034975
28497407	377	410	Västerbotten Intervention Program	T058	C3863932
28497407	412	415	VIP	T058	C3863932
28497407	422	429	primary	T080	C0205225
28497407	430	450	groin hernia repairs	T061	C3514453
28497407	451	460	performed	T061	C0450010
28497407	486	508	county of Västerbotten	T083	C0454664
28497407	510	516	Sweden	T083	C0038995
28497407	533	536	VIP	T058	C3863932
28497407	546	550	data	T078	C1511726
28497407	558	564	use of	T169	C1524063
28497407	565	572	tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
28497407	584	595	individuals	T098	C0237401
28497407	597	604	Neither	T080	C4284892
28497407	605	612	smoking	T055	C0453996
28497407	621	627	use of	T169	C1524063
28497407	628	632	snus	T131	C4288198
28497407	634	643	increased	T081	C0205217
28497407	648	652	risk	T078	C0035647
28497407	669	688	groin hernia repair	T061	C3514453
28497407	707	720	heavy smoking	T033	C3845546
28497407	721	730	decreased	T081	C0205216
28497407	735	739	risk	T078	C0035647
28497407	744	747	men	T098	C0025266
28497407	749	751	HR	T081	C2985465
28497407	762	764	CI	T081	C0009667
28497407	793	796	BMI	T201	C1305855
28497407	813	815	HR	T081	C2985465
28497407	817	820	men	T098	C0025266
28497407	832	834	CI	T081	C0009667
28497407	847	854	Tobacco	T109,T131	C0040329
28497407	855	858	use	T169	C0457083
28497407	868	879	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28497407	896	915	groin hernia repair	T061	C3514453
28497407	934	937	low	T080	C0205251
28497407	938	941	BMI	T201	C1305855
28497407	956	965	increases	T169	C0442805
28497407	970	974	risk	T078	C0035647

28497418|t|Assessing time-of-flight signal-to-noise ratio gains within the myocardium and subsequent reductions in administered activity in cardiac PET studies
28497418|a|Time-of-flight (TOF) is known to increase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and facilitate reductions in administered activity. Established measures of SNR gain are derived from areas of uniform uptake, which is not applicable to the heterogeneous uptake in cardiac PET images using fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG). This study aimed to develop a technique to quantify SNR gains within the myocardium due to TOF. Reference TOF SNR gains were measured in 88 FDG oncology patients. Phantom data were used to translate reference SNR gains and validate a method of quantifying SNR gains within the myocardium from parametric images produced from multiple replicate images. This technique was applied to 13 FDG cardiac viability patients. Reference TOF SNR gains of +23% ± 8.5% were measured in oncology patients. Measurements of SNR gain from the phantom data were in agreement and showed the parametric image technique to be sufficiently robust. SNR gains within the myocardium in the viability patients were +21% ± 2.8%. A method to quantify SNR gains from TOF within the myocardium has been developed and evaluated. SNR gains within the myocardium are comparable to those observed by established methods. This allows guidance for protocol optimization for TOF systems in cardiac PET.
28497418	10	24	time-of-flight	T081	C2348791
28497418	25	46	signal-to-noise ratio	T081	C2986823
28497418	47	52	gains	T081	C1517378
28497418	64	74	myocardium	T024	C0027061
28497418	90	100	reductions	T080	C0392756
28497418	104	116	administered	T169	C1521801
28497418	117	125	activity	T052	C0441655
28497418	129	136	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28497418	137	140	PET	T060	C0032743
28497418	141	148	studies	T062	C2603343
28497418	149	163	Time-of-flight	T081	C2348791
28497418	165	168	TOF	T081	C2348791
28497418	191	212	signal-to-noise ratio	T081	C2986823
28497418	214	217	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	234	244	reductions	T080	C0392756
28497418	248	260	administered	T169	C1521801
28497418	261	269	activity	T052	C0441655
28497418	295	298	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	299	303	gain	T081	C1517378
28497418	401	408	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28497418	409	412	PET	T060	C0032743
28497418	413	419	images	T170	C1704922
28497418	426	445	fluoro-deoxyglucose	T109,T130	C0046056
28497418	447	450	FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
28497418	458	463	study	T062	C2603343
28497418	483	492	technique	T169	C0449851
28497418	496	504	quantify	T081	C1709793
28497418	505	508	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	509	514	gains	T081	C1517378
28497418	526	536	myocardium	T024	C0027061
28497418	544	547	TOF	T081	C2348791
28497418	559	562	TOF	T081	C2348791
28497418	563	566	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	567	572	gains	T081	C1517378
28497418	593	596	FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
28497418	597	614	oncology patients	T101	C0030705
28497418	616	623	Phantom	T073	C0282611
28497418	624	628	data	T078	C1511726
28497418	662	665	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	666	671	gains	T081	C1517378
28497418	697	708	quantifying	T081	C1709793
28497418	709	712	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	713	718	gains	T081	C1517378
28497418	730	740	myocardium	T024	C0027061
28497418	746	763	parametric images	T060	C2986793
28497418	778	803	multiple replicate images	T170	C1704922
28497418	810	819	technique	T169	C0449851
28497418	838	841	FDG	T109,T130	C0046056
28497418	842	849	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28497418	850	859	viability	T080	C0443348
28497418	860	868	patients	T101	C0030705
28497418	880	883	TOF	T081	C2348791
28497418	884	887	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	888	893	gains	T081	C1517378
28497418	926	943	oncology patients	T101	C0030705
28497418	961	964	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	965	969	gain	T081	C1517378
28497418	979	986	phantom	T073	C0282611
28497418	987	991	data	T078	C1511726
28497418	1025	1041	parametric image	T060	C2986793
28497418	1042	1051	technique	T169	C0449851
28497418	1071	1077	robust	T080	C2986815
28497418	1079	1082	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	1083	1088	gains	T081	C1517378
28497418	1100	1110	myocardium	T024	C0027061
28497418	1118	1127	viability	T080	C0443348
28497418	1128	1136	patients	T101	C0030705
28497418	1167	1175	quantify	T081	C1709793
28497418	1176	1179	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	1180	1185	gains	T081	C1517378
28497418	1191	1194	TOF	T081	C2348791
28497418	1206	1216	myocardium	T024	C0027061
28497418	1251	1254	SNR	T081	C2986823
28497418	1255	1260	gains	T081	C1517378
28497418	1272	1282	myocardium	T024	C0027061
28497418	1287	1297	comparable	T052	C1707455
28497418	1319	1330	established	T080	C0443211
28497418	1331	1338	methods	T169	C0449851
28497418	1365	1373	protocol	T170	C0442711
28497418	1374	1386	optimization	T052	C2698650
28497418	1391	1394	TOF	T081	C2348791
28497418	1406	1413	cardiac	T023	C0018787
28497418	1414	1417	PET	T060	C0032743

28497698|t|Orthogonal Chemical Modification of Template - Synthesized Nanostructures with DNA
28497698|a|Very few chemical strategies for the selective functionalization of nanostructures have been developed despite their potential for controlling high-order assembly processes. We report a novel approach for the selective chemical functionalization and localized assembly of one-dimensional nanostructures (rods), based upon the systematic activation (DNA functionalization) and passivation (self-assembled monolayers) of specific surface sites through the use of orthogonal chemical reactions on electrochemically grown metal nanorod arrays in porous anodic aluminum oxide templates. The ability to orthogonally functionalize the ends or the side of a nanorod, as well as the gaps between two rods, with different DNA strands allows one to synthesize nanostructure assemblies that would be difficult to realize any other way and that could ultimately be utilized for making a wide variety of device architectures.
28497698	0	10	Orthogonal	T080	C0205556
28497698	11	19	Chemical	T103	C0220806
28497698	20	32	Modification	T033	C3840684
28497698	36	44	Template	T078	C1705542
28497698	47	58	Synthesized	T052	C1883254
28497698	59	73	Nanostructures	T073	C1450053
28497698	79	82	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28497698	88	91	few	T081	C0205388
28497698	92	100	chemical	T103	C0220806
28497698	130	165	functionalization of nanostructures	T104	C1881972
28497698	200	209	potential	T080	C3245505
28497698	214	225	controlling	T169	C2587213
28497698	237	255	assembly processes	T052	C1706853
28497698	269	274	novel	T080	C0205314
28497698	302	328	chemical functionalization	T104	C1881972
28497698	333	342	localized	T082	C0392752
28497698	343	351	assembly	T052	C1706853
28497698	355	370	one-dimensional	T082	C1254362
28497698	371	385	nanostructures	T073	C1450053
28497698	387	391	rods	T073	C1720846
28497698	409	419	systematic	T169	C0220922
28497698	420	430	activation	T052	C1879547
28497698	432	435	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28497698	436	453	functionalization	T169	C0205245
28497698	472	486	self-assembled	T044	C0872376
28497698	487	497	monolayers	T200	C0872351
28497698	544	554	orthogonal	T080	C0205556
28497698	555	573	chemical reactions	T067	C0596319
28497698	577	594	electrochemically	T059	C2350499
28497698	601	606	metal	T197	C0025552
28497698	607	614	nanorod	T073	C1720846
28497698	615	621	arrays	T082	C1510941
28497698	625	631	porous	T082	C1254362
28497698	632	653	anodic aluminum oxide	T122,T130,T197	C0002374
28497698	654	663	templates	T078	C1705542
28497698	669	676	ability	T032	C0085732
28497698	680	692	orthogonally	T080	C0205556
28497698	693	706	functionalize	T169	C0205245
28497698	711	715	ends	T082	C0444930
28497698	723	727	side	T082	C0441987
28497698	733	740	nanorod	T073	C1720846
28497698	757	761	gaps	T082	C3887622
28497698	774	778	rods	T073	C1720846
28497698	785	794	different	T080	C1705242
28497698	795	806	DNA strands	T114,T123	C0012854
28497698	821	831	synthesize	T052	C1883254
28497698	832	845	nanostructure	T073	C1450053
28497698	846	856	assemblies	T073	C1879748
28497698	973	979	device	T073	C0699733

28497887|t|Surviving moment to moment: The experience of living in a state of ambivalence for those with recurrent suicide attempts
28497887|a|This qualitative study aimed to capture the experience of living in the ambivalent space between life and death for adults with recurrent suicide attempts (RSA). It sought to expand upon an earlier study that explored the processes involved in transitioning away from RSA among adults, which revealed that occupying this ambivalent space is a crucial part of this process. Interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used. This methodology was designed to explore the lived experiences and meaning making and enabled interpretation of the multidimensional subjective experiences of RSA participants. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight adult women with a history of RSA who had participated in a therapeutic intervention at the research site (Skills for Safer Living: A Psychosocial / Psychoeducational Intervention for People with Recurrent Suicide Attempts [SfSL / PISA]). The six stages of IPA were followed to analyse the interview data. Analysis revealed the superordinate theme, ' surviving moment to moment ', which refers to a precarious state of making decisions about one's life and destiny on a moment -to- moment basis without clear commitment to either life or death. Two subordinate themes were identified: ' deciding not to die in the moment ' when the participants were more invested in dying than living and ' deciding to live in the moment ' when they were more invested in living than dying. The study illuminated the complex process of making decisions about ones' destiny on a moment -to- moment basis. It revealed the torment experienced when occupying this state, while paradoxically, also revealing how indecision about life and death provided a lifeline opportunity for those with RSA. Clinicians who recognize the subtle distinctions associated with this in-between state can tailor their interventions accordingly. Surviving moment to moment is characterized by a state of emotional flux and uncertainty about one's destiny, where the person has not fully committed to either life or death. Within this state, there are two interlinked subprocesses, whereby the person is leaning more towards death or life. A critical feature in working with this client group is to recognize their ambiguity and the fragility and temporality of their decisions about their destiny. The practitioner has an opportunity to be a catalyst in the momentum towards life by demonstrating understanding of this survival struggle and tailoring intervention to fit with the nuanced processes within this state.
28497887	0	9	Surviving	T169	C0220921
28497887	10	16	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	20	26	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	32	42	experience	T041	C0596545
28497887	46	52	living	T078	C0376558
28497887	58	63	state	T033	C0278060
28497887	67	78	ambivalence	T041	C0233495
28497887	94	103	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28497887	104	120	suicide attempts	T033	C0038663
28497887	126	143	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28497887	165	175	experience	T041	C0596545
28497887	179	185	living	T078	C0376558
28497887	193	209	ambivalent space	T041	C0233495
28497887	218	222	life	T078	C0376558
28497887	227	232	death	T078	C1546949
28497887	237	243	adults	T100	C0001675
28497887	249	258	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28497887	259	275	suicide attempts	T033	C0038663
28497887	277	280	RSA	T033	C0038663
28497887	296	302	expand	T082	C0205229
28497887	319	324	study	T062	C2603343
28497887	343	352	processes	T041	C0025361
28497887	353	361	involved	T169	C1314939
28497887	365	378	transitioning	T052	C2700061
28497887	389	392	RSA	T033	C0038663
28497887	399	405	adults	T100	C0001675
28497887	413	421	revealed	T080	C0443289
28497887	442	458	ambivalent space	T041	C0233495
28497887	485	492	process	T067	C1522240
28497887	494	532	Interpretive phenomenological analysis	T062	C0936012
28497887	534	537	IPA	T062	C0936012
28497887	554	565	methodology	T078	C3266812
28497887	570	578	designed	T052	C1707689
28497887	594	611	lived experiences	T041	C0596545
28497887	616	630	meaning making	T041	C0025361
28497887	643	657	interpretation	T062,T170	C0871180
28497887	665	681	multidimensional	T082	C2347299
28497887	682	692	subjective	T080	C0439655
28497887	693	704	experiences	T041	C0596545
28497887	708	711	RSA	T033	C0038663
28497887	712	724	participants	T098	C0679646
28497887	735	761	semi-structured interviews	UnknownType	C0681913
28497887	767	776	conducted	T052	C0441655
28497887	788	799	adult women	T098	C0043210
28497887	807	814	history	T169	C0019665
28497887	818	821	RSA	T033	C0038663
28497887	830	842	participated	T169	C0679823
28497887	848	872	therapeutic intervention	T061	C0808232
28497887	880	888	research	T062	C0035168
28497887	889	893	site	T082	C0205145
28497887	895	901	Skills	T055	C0678856
28497887	906	918	Safer Living	T078	C0376558
28497887	922	934	Psychosocial	T169	C0542298
28497887	937	967	Psychoeducational Intervention	T065	C0871175
28497887	972	978	People	T098	C0027361
28497887	984	993	Recurrent	T079	C2945760
28497887	994	1010	Suicide Attempts	T033	C0038663
28497887	1012	1016	SfSL	T078	C0376558
28497887	1019	1023	PISA	T033	C0038663
28497887	1035	1041	stages	T079	C1306673
28497887	1045	1048	IPA	T062	C0936012
28497887	1066	1073	analyse	T062	C0936012
28497887	1078	1087	interview	T058	C0683518
28497887	1088	1092	data	T078	C1511726
28497887	1094	1102	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28497887	1103	1111	revealed	T080	C0443289
28497887	1116	1135	superordinate theme	UnknownType	C0869035
28497887	1139	1148	surviving	T169	C0220921
28497887	1149	1155	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	1159	1165	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	1187	1203	precarious state	T033	C0278060
28497887	1207	1223	making decisions	T041	C0011109
28497887	1236	1240	life	T078	C0376558
28497887	1245	1252	destiny	T079	C0016884
28497887	1258	1264	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	1270	1276	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	1297	1307	commitment	T041	C0870312
28497887	1318	1322	life	T078	C0376558
28497887	1326	1331	death	T078	C1546949
28497887	1337	1355	subordinate themes	UnknownType	C0869035
28497887	1361	1371	identified	T080	C0205396
28497887	1375	1383	deciding	T080	C0205556
28497887	1391	1394	die	T033	C4061184
28497887	1402	1408	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	1420	1432	participants	T098	C0679646
28497887	1443	1451	invested	T169	C0205245
28497887	1455	1460	dying	T033	C4061184
28497887	1466	1472	living	T078	C0376558
28497887	1479	1487	deciding	T080	C0205556
28497887	1491	1495	live	T078	C0376558
28497887	1503	1509	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	1532	1540	invested	T169	C0205245
28497887	1544	1550	living	T078	C0376558
28497887	1556	1561	dying	T033	C4061184
28497887	1567	1572	study	T062	C2603343
28497887	1589	1596	complex	T080	C0439855
28497887	1597	1604	process	T067	C1522240
28497887	1608	1624	making decisions	T041	C0011109
28497887	1637	1644	destiny	T079	C0016884
28497887	1650	1656	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	1662	1668	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	1679	1687	revealed	T080	C0443289
28497887	1700	1711	experienced	T041	C0596545
28497887	1732	1737	state	T033	C0278060
28497887	1745	1758	paradoxically	T080	C0205310
28497887	1779	1789	indecision	T033	C0423908
28497887	1796	1800	life	T078	C0376558
28497887	1805	1810	death	T078	C1546949
28497887	1811	1819	provided	T052	C1999230
28497887	1822	1830	lifeline	T078	C0376558
28497887	1831	1842	opportunity	T080	C0205556
28497887	1858	1861	RSA	T033	C0038663
28497887	1863	1873	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
28497887	1912	1927	associated with	T080	C0332281
28497887	1944	1949	state	T033	C0278060
28497887	1967	1980	interventions	T061	C0184661
28497887	1994	2003	Surviving	T169	C0220921
28497887	2004	2010	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	2014	2020	moment	T079	C0040223
28497887	2024	2037	characterized	T052	C1880022
28497887	2043	2048	state	T033	C0278060
28497887	2052	2066	emotional flux	T033	C0849912
28497887	2071	2082	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28497887	2095	2102	destiny	T079	C0016884
28497887	2114	2120	person	T098	C0027361
28497887	2155	2159	life	T078	C0376558
28497887	2163	2168	death	T078	C1546949
28497887	2182	2187	state	T033	C0278060
28497887	2203	2227	interlinked subprocesses	T041	C0025361
28497887	2241	2247	person	T098	C0027361
28497887	2251	2258	leaning	T078	C0558295
28497887	2272	2277	death	T078	C1546949
28497887	2281	2285	life	T078	C0376558
28497887	2298	2305	feature	T080	C2348519
28497887	2309	2316	working	T057	C0043227
28497887	2327	2339	client group	T096	C0008942
28497887	2362	2371	ambiguity	T080	C2346729
28497887	2380	2389	fragility	T033	C3553489
28497887	2394	2405	temporality	T041	C0040226
28497887	2415	2424	decisions	T041	C0679006
28497887	2437	2444	destiny	T079	C0016884
28497887	2450	2462	practitioner	T097	C1709627
28497887	2470	2481	opportunity	T080	C0205556
28497887	2523	2527	life	T078	C0376558
28497887	2545	2558	understanding	T041	C0162340
28497887	2567	2575	survival	T169	C0220921
28497887	2576	2584	struggle	T033	C0243095
28497887	2589	2611	tailoring intervention	T061	C0184661
28497887	2628	2645	nuanced processes	T041	C0025361
28497887	2658	2663	state	T033	C0278060

28497891|t|Does adenomatous polyposis coli gene promoter 1A methylation increase non-small cell lung cancer risk? A meta-analysis
28497891|a|The promoter region of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene is hypermethylated in several types of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The prevalence of methylation in the promoter region of this gene in tumor tissues and autologous controls has not been consistent in previous studies. We evaluated the frequency of APC gene promoter 1A methylation between tumor tissues and autologous controls in NSCLC patients by meta-analysis. Open published studies of APC gene promoter 1A methylation between tumor tissues and autologous samples in NSCLC patients were identified using a systematic search. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of APC gene promoter 1A methylation in lung cancer tissues versus autologous controls were calculated. Fourteen studies, involving a total of 1345 patients and 2182 samples, were finally included. The pooled proportion of APC promoter 1A methylation was 0.62 (95% CI 0.52-072) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.21-0.50) in cancer tissues and autologous controls, respectively. The APC gene promoter 1A methylation rate in cancer tissues was much higher than in autologous controls, with a pooled OR of 3.66 (95% CI 2.12-6.33). A strong and significant correlation of APC gene promoter 1A methylation between tumor tissues and autologous controls was detected (correlation coefficient rpearson = 0.77; P = 0.0013). The proportion of APC promoter 1A methylation in lung cancer tissues was higher than in autologous controls, indicating that promoter 1A methylation of the APC gene may play an important role in NSCLC carcinogenesis.
28497891	5	36	adenomatous polyposis coli gene	T028	C0162832
28497891	37	48	promoter 1A	T028	C0314621
28497891	49	60	methylation	T059	C3166861
28497891	70	96	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28497891	97	101	risk	T081	C0596244
28497891	105	118	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28497891	123	138	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
28497891	146	183	adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene	T028	C0162832
28497891	187	202	hypermethylated	T045	C1512554
28497891	223	230	cancers	T191	C0006826
28497891	242	268	non-small cell lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28497891	270	275	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28497891	296	307	methylation	T059	C3166861
28497891	315	330	promoter region	T114,T123	C0033413
28497891	339	343	gene	T028	C0162832
28497891	347	360	tumor tissues	T024	C0475358
28497891	365	384	autologous controls	T059	C0018941
28497891	433	442	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28497891	460	468	APC gene	T028	C0162832
28497891	469	480	promoter 1A	T028	C0314621
28497891	481	492	methylation	T059	C3166861
28497891	501	514	tumor tissues	T024	C0475358
28497891	519	538	autologous controls	T059	C0018941
28497891	542	547	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28497891	548	556	patients	T101	C0030705
28497891	560	573	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28497891	601	609	APC gene	T028	C0162832
28497891	610	621	promoter 1A	T028	C0314621
28497891	622	633	methylation	T059	C3166861
28497891	642	655	tumor tissues	T024	C0475358
28497891	660	678	autologous samples	T031	C1550100
28497891	682	687	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28497891	688	696	patients	T101	C0030705
28497891	740	751	Odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28497891	753	755	OR	T081	C0028873
28497891	765	785	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28497891	787	789	CI	T081	C0009667
28497891	794	802	APC gene	T028	C0162832
28497891	803	814	promoter 1A	T028	C0314621
28497891	815	826	methylation	T059	C3166861
28497891	830	841	lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28497891	842	849	tissues	T024	C0475358
28497891	857	876	autologous controls	T059	C0018941
28497891	938	946	patients	T101	C0030705
28497891	956	963	samples	T167	C0370003
28497891	1013	1016	APC	T028	C0162832
28497891	1017	1028	promoter 1A	T028	C0314621
28497891	1029	1040	methylation	T059	C3166861
28497891	1055	1057	CI	T081	C0009667
28497891	1082	1084	CI	T081	C0009667
28497891	1099	1105	cancer	T191	C0007131
28497891	1106	1113	tissues	T024	C0475358
28497891	1118	1137	autologous controls	T059	C0018941
28497891	1157	1165	APC gene	T028	C0162832
28497891	1166	1177	promoter 1A	T028	C0314621
28497891	1178	1189	methylation	T059	C3166861
28497891	1198	1204	cancer	T191	C0007131
28497891	1205	1212	tissues	T024	C0475358
28497891	1237	1256	autologous controls	T059	C0018941
28497891	1272	1274	OR	T081	C0028873
28497891	1288	1290	CI	T081	C0009667
28497891	1343	1351	APC gene	T028	C0162832
28497891	1352	1363	promoter 1A	T028	C0314621
28497891	1364	1375	methylation	T059	C3166861
28497891	1384	1397	tumor tissues	T024	C0475358
28497891	1402	1421	autologous controls	T059	C0018941
28497891	1436	1468	correlation coefficient rpearson	T081	C0871052
28497891	1508	1511	APC	T028	C0162832
28497891	1512	1523	promoter 1A	T028	C0314621
28497891	1524	1535	methylation	T059	C3166861
28497891	1539	1550	lung cancer	T191	C0007131
28497891	1551	1558	tissues	T024	C0475358
28497891	1578	1597	autologous controls	T059	C0018941
28497891	1615	1626	promoter 1A	T028	C0314621
28497891	1627	1638	methylation	T059	C3166861
28497891	1646	1654	APC gene	T028	C0162832
28497891	1685	1690	NSCLC	T191	C0007131
28497891	1691	1705	carcinogenesis	T191	C0596263

28498873|t|Associations of androgens with depressive symptoms and cognitive status in the general population
28498873|a|Associations between androgens and depressive symptoms were mostly reported from cross-sectional and patient-based studies. Longitudinal data from 4,110 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania were used to assess sex - specific associations of baseline total and free testosterone, androstenedione and sex hormone-binding globulin with incident depressive symptoms and cognitive status at 5- and 10- year follow-up. Despite sex - specific differences in depressive symptoms prevalence at baseline (women: 17.4%, men: 8.1%), cross-sectional analyses showed no associations between sex hormones and depressive symptoms. In age-adjusted longitudinal analyses, total testosterone was associated with incident depressive symptoms (relative risk at 5- year follow-up: 0.73, 95% confidence interval: 0.58-0.92). Similarly, age-adjusted analyses showed a positive association between sex hormone-binding globulin and cognitive status in men (β-coefficient per standard deviation: 0.44, 95% confidence interval: 0.13-0.74). In women, age-adjusted associations of androstenedione with baseline depressive symptoms (relative risk: 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.77-0.99) were found. None of the observed associations remained after multivariable adjustment. The present population-based, longitudinal study revealed inverse associations between sex hormones and depressive symptoms. However, the null finding after multivariable adjustment suggests, that the observed associations were not independent of relevant confounders including body mass index, smoking and physical inactivity. Furthermore, the low number of incident endpoints in our non-clinical population-based sample limited the statistical power and reduced the chance to detect a statistically significant effect.
28498873	0	12	Associations	T080	C0439849
28498873	16	25	androgens	T121,T125	C0002844
28498873	31	50	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28498873	55	71	cognitive status	T033	C0945985
28498873	79	97	general population	T098	C0683971
28498873	98	110	Associations	T080	C0439849
28498873	119	128	androgens	T121,T125	C0002844
28498873	133	152	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28498873	179	194	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
28498873	199	220	patient-based studies	T062	C0242481
28498873	222	239	Longitudinal data	T078	C1511726
28498873	251	263	participants	T098	C0679646
28498873	271	286	Study of Health	T062	C0242481
28498873	290	299	Pomerania	UnknownType	C0681784
28498873	313	319	assess	T058	C0184514
28498873	320	323	sex	T032	C1522384
28498873	326	334	specific	T080	C0205369
28498873	335	347	associations	T080	C0439849
28498873	351	359	baseline	T081	C1442488
28498873	360	365	total	T080	C0439810
28498873	370	374	free	T080	C1996904
28498873	375	387	testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28498873	389	404	androstenedione	T109,T121,T125	C0002860
28498873	409	437	sex hormone-binding globulin	T116,T123	C0036883
28498873	443	451	incident	T067	C1551358
28498873	452	471	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28498873	476	492	cognitive status	T033	C0945985
28498873	507	511	year	T079	C0439234
28498873	512	521	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28498873	531	534	sex	T032	C1522384
28498873	537	545	specific	T080	C0205369
28498873	546	557	differences	T080	C1705242
28498873	561	580	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28498873	581	591	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28498873	595	603	baseline	T081	C1442488
28498873	605	610	women	T098	C0043210
28498873	619	622	men	T098	C0025266
28498873	631	655	cross-sectional analyses	T062	C0010362
28498873	663	665	no	T033	C1513916
28498873	666	678	associations	T080	C0439849
28498873	687	690	sex	T032	C1522384
28498873	691	699	hormones	T125	C0019932
28498873	704	723	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28498873	728	762	age-adjusted longitudinal analyses	UnknownType	C0815265
28498873	764	782	total testosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0039601
28498873	787	802	associated with	T080	C0332281
28498873	803	811	incident	T067	C1551358
28498873	812	831	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28498873	833	846	relative risk	T081	C0242492
28498873	853	857	year	T079	C0439234
28498873	858	867	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28498873	879	898	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28498873	923	944	age-adjusted analyses	UnknownType	C0815265
28498873	954	962	positive	T033	C1446409
28498873	963	974	association	T080	C0439849
28498873	983	1011	sex hormone-binding globulin	T116,T123	C0036883
28498873	1016	1032	cognitive status	T033	C0945985
28498873	1036	1039	men	T098	C0025266
28498873	1041	1054	β-coefficient	T081	C1707429
28498873	1059	1077	standard deviation	T081	C0871420
28498873	1089	1108	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28498873	1125	1130	women	T098	C0043210
28498873	1145	1157	associations	T080	C0439849
28498873	1161	1176	androstenedione	T109,T121,T125	C0002860
28498873	1182	1190	baseline	T081	C1442488
28498873	1191	1210	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28498873	1212	1225	relative risk	T081	C0242492
28498873	1237	1256	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28498873	1302	1314	associations	T080	C0439849
28498873	1330	1354	multivariable adjustment	T062	C0242481
28498873	1368	1384	population-based	T062	C1709599
28498873	1386	1404	longitudinal study	UnknownType	C0815265
28498873	1414	1421	inverse	T080	C0439850
28498873	1422	1434	associations	T080	C0439849
28498873	1443	1446	sex	T032	C1522384
28498873	1447	1455	hormones	T125	C0019932
28498873	1460	1479	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28498873	1513	1537	multivariable adjustment	T062	C0242481
28498873	1566	1578	associations	T080	C0439849
28498873	1588	1599	independent	T078	C0085862
28498873	1603	1611	relevant	T080	C2347946
28498873	1612	1623	confounders	T169	C0009673
28498873	1634	1649	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28498873	1651	1658	smoking	T055	C0037369
28498873	1663	1682	physical inactivity	T056	C3890554
28498873	1715	1723	incident	T067	C1551358
28498873	1724	1733	endpoints	T080	C2349179
28498873	1741	1777	non-clinical population-based sample	T062	C0242481
28498873	1790	1807	statistical power	T062	C0814897
28498873	1812	1819	reduced	T080	C0392756
28498873	1834	1840	detect	T033	C0442726
28498873	1843	1868	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28498873	1869	1875	effect	T080	C1280500

28499113|t|Social and Individual-Level Predictors of Alcohol Use Initiation and Escalation: Replicating and Extending Tests of Differential Effects
28499113|a|Although alcohol use is considered a developmental phenomenon, there is a relative dearth of studies disaggregating predictors of alcohol use initiation versus early escalation of drinking. One perspective that has emerged is that social levels of influence may be relevant for the initiation of drinking, whereas individual levels of influence may be relevant for the early escalation in level of drinking among initiators, which we refer to as the specificity hypothesis. A sample of alcohol - naive youth (n = 944; mean age = 12.16 years, SD = 0.96) was prospectively assessed for 3 years, spanning six waves of data collection. Both social (parental conflict, perceived prevalence of peer drinking) and individual-level (higher sensation seeking) variables uniquely predicted increases in the likelihood of alcohol initiation. Likewise, both social (perceived descriptive norms of peer drinking) and individual-level (lower school grades, higher sensation seeking) variables uniquely predicted escalation in level of drinking among initiators (although only marginally for sensation seeking). Overall, there was little support for the specificity hypothesis. Our findings suggest that to assume that social and individual-level processes differentially predict drinking outcomes may be a false dichotomy. Theoretical work may benefit from drawing from developmental models emphasizing the interplay between individual and environmental factors in the prediction of the early development of drinking. The emergence of drinking behaviors is likely to result from a developmental cascade of interacting variables that make the ontogeny of drinking unlikely to emerge from a single class of variables.
28499113	0	6	Social	T169	C0728831
28499113	11	27	Individual-Level	UnknownType	C0815261
28499113	28	38	Predictors	T078	C2698872
28499113	42	64	Alcohol Use Initiation	T055	C0001948
28499113	69	79	Escalation	T052	C4086266
28499113	81	92	Replicating	T169	C0205173
28499113	97	106	Extending	T082	C0439792
28499113	107	112	Tests	T169	C0039593
28499113	116	128	Differential	T080	C1705242
28499113	129	136	Effects	T080	C1280500
28499113	146	157	alcohol use	T055	C0001948
28499113	154	157	use	T169	C0457083
28499113	174	187	developmental	T080	C0458003
28499113	188	198	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28499113	211	219	relative	T080	C0205345
28499113	220	226	dearth	T080	C0332268
28499113	230	237	studies	T062	C2603343
28499113	253	263	predictors	T078	C2698872
28499113	267	289	alcohol use initiation	T055	C0001948
28499113	275	278	use	T169	C0457083
28499113	279	289	initiation	T169	C1704686
28499113	297	302	early	T079	C1279919
28499113	303	313	escalation	T052	C4086266
28499113	317	325	drinking	T055	C0001948
28499113	331	342	perspective	T082	C0449445
28499113	352	359	emerged	T079	C0439659
28499113	368	374	social	T169	C0728831
28499113	375	381	levels	T080	C0441889
28499113	385	394	influence	T077	C4054723
28499113	402	410	relevant	T080	C2347946
28499113	419	429	initiation	T169	C1704686
28499113	433	441	drinking	T055	C0001948
28499113	451	468	individual levels	UnknownType	C0815261
28499113	472	481	influence	T077	C4054723
28499113	489	497	relevant	T080	C2347946
28499113	506	511	early	T079	C1279919
28499113	512	522	escalation	T052	C4086266
28499113	526	531	level	T080	C0441889
28499113	535	543	drinking	T055	C0001948
28499113	550	560	initiators	T098	C0027361
28499113	587	598	specificity	T081	C0037791
28499113	599	609	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28499113	613	619	sample	T167	C0370003
28499113	623	630	alcohol	T109,T121	C0001975
28499113	633	644	naive youth	T100	C0087178
28499113	655	663	mean age	T081	C2348143
28499113	672	677	years	T079	C0439234
28499113	708	716	assessed	T052	C1516048
28499113	723	728	years	T079	C0439234
28499113	730	738	spanning	T102	C0870809
28499113	752	767	data collection	T062	C0010995
28499113	774	780	social	T169	C0728831
28499113	782	799	parental conflict	T033	C1999012
28499113	801	821	perceived prevalence	T081	C0220900
28499113	825	829	peer	T098	C0679739
28499113	830	838	drinking	T055	C0001948
28499113	844	860	individual-level	UnknownType	C0815261
28499113	862	868	higher	T080	C0205250
28499113	869	886	sensation seeking	T055	C0871336
28499113	888	897	variables	T080	C0439828
28499113	907	916	predicted	T078	C0681842
28499113	917	926	increases	T169	C0442805
28499113	934	944	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28499113	948	966	alcohol initiation	T055	C0001948
28499113	956	966	initiation	T169	C1704686
28499113	983	989	social	T169	C0728831
28499113	1001	1018	descriptive norms	T170	C0678257
28499113	1022	1026	peer	T098	C0679739
28499113	1027	1035	drinking	T055	C0001948
28499113	1041	1057	individual-level	UnknownType	C0815261
28499113	1059	1064	lower	T080	C0205251
28499113	1065	1078	school grades	T098	C1257890
28499113	1080	1086	higher	T080	C0205250
28499113	1087	1104	sensation seeking	T055	C0871336
28499113	1106	1115	variables	T080	C0439828
28499113	1125	1134	predicted	T078	C0681842
28499113	1135	1145	escalation	T052	C4086266
28499113	1149	1154	level	T080	C0441889
28499113	1158	1166	drinking	T055	C0001948
28499113	1173	1183	initiators	T098	C0027361
28499113	1199	1209	marginally	T082	C0205284
28499113	1214	1231	sensation seeking	T055	C0871336
28499113	1253	1267	little support	T077	C1521721
28499113	1276	1287	specificity	T081	C0037791
28499113	1288	1298	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28499113	1304	1312	findings	T033	C0243095
28499113	1341	1347	social	T169	C0728831
28499113	1352	1368	individual-level	UnknownType	C0815261
28499113	1379	1393	differentially	T080	C1705242
28499113	1394	1401	predict	T078	C0681842
28499113	1402	1410	drinking	T055	C0001948
28499113	1411	1419	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28499113	1429	1444	false dichotomy	T052	C2919031
28499113	1446	1462	Theoretical work	T062,T170	C0039778
28499113	1480	1487	drawing	T170	C0013113
28499113	1493	1506	developmental	T080	C0458003
28499113	1507	1513	models	T170	C3161035
28499113	1530	1539	interplay	T169	C1704675
28499113	1548	1584	individual and environmental factors	T169	C1521761
28499113	1592	1602	prediction	T078	C0681842
28499113	1610	1615	early	T079	C1279919
28499113	1616	1627	development	T169	C1527148
28499113	1631	1639	drinking	T055	C0001948
28499113	1645	1654	emergence	T079	C0439659
28499113	1658	1676	drinking behaviors	T055	C0001948
28499113	1690	1696	result	T169	C1274040
28499113	1704	1725	developmental cascade	T080	C0458003
28499113	1729	1740	interacting	T169	C1704675
28499113	1741	1750	variables	T080	C0439828
28499113	1765	1773	ontogeny	T040	C1621967
28499113	1777	1785	drinking	T055	C0001948
28499113	1786	1794	unlikely	T033	C0750558
28499113	1798	1804	emerge	T079	C0439659
28499113	1812	1824	single class	T185	C0008902
28499113	1828	1837	variables	T080	C0439828

28499120|t|Characterising bias in regulatory risk and decision analysis: An analysis of heuristics applied in health technology appraisal, chemicals regulation, and climate change governance
28499120|a|In many environmental and public health domains, heuristic methods of risk and decision analysis must be relied upon, either because problem structures are ambiguous, reliable data is lacking, or decisions are urgent. This introduces an additional source of uncertainty beyond model and measurement error - uncertainty stemming from relying on inexact inference rules. Here we identify and analyse heuristics used to prioritise risk objects, to discriminate between signal and noise, to weight evidence, to construct models, to extrapolate beyond datasets, and to make policy. Some of these heuristics are based on causal generalisations, yet can misfire when these relationships are presumed rather than tested (e.g. surrogates in clinical trials). Others are conventions designed to confer stability to decision analysis, yet which may introduce serious error when applied ritualistically (e.g. significance testing). Some heuristics can be traced back to formal justifications, but only subject to strong assumptions that are often violated in practical applications. Heuristic decision rules (e.g. feasibility rules) in principle act as surrogates for utility maximisation or distributional concerns, yet in practice may neglect costs and benefits, be based on arbitrary thresholds, and be prone to gaming. We highlight the problem of rule-entrenchment, where analytical choices that are in principle contestable are arbitrarily fixed in practice, masking uncertainty and potentially introducing bias. Strategies for making risk and decision analysis more rigorous include: formalising the assumptions and scope conditions under which heuristics should be applied; testing rather than presuming their underlying empirical or theoretical justifications; using sensitivity analysis, simulations, multiple bias analysis, and deductive systems of inference (e.g. directed acyclic graphs) to characterise rule uncertainty and refine heuristics; adopting " recovery schemes " to correct for known biases; and basing decision rules on clearly articulated values and evidence, rather than convention.
28499120	0	14	Characterising	T052	C1880022
28499120	15	19	bias	T078	C0242568
28499120	23	38	regulatory risk	T078	C0035647
28499120	43	60	decision analysis	T090	C0011108
28499120	65	73	analysis	T062	C0936012
28499120	77	87	heuristics	T170	C0597916
28499120	99	116	health technology	T058	C0752189
28499120	117	126	appraisal	T058	C1254363
28499120	128	137	chemicals	T103	C0220806
28499120	138	148	regulation	T064	C0851285
28499120	154	168	climate change	T070	C2718051
28499120	169	179	governance	T052	C0441655
28499120	188	201	environmental	T185	C0237095
28499120	206	227	public health domains	T170	C3244304
28499120	229	246	heuristic methods	T170	C0597916
28499120	250	254	risk	T078	C0035647
28499120	259	276	decision analysis	T090	C0011108
28499120	313	331	problem structures	T033	C0033213
28499120	356	360	data	T078	C1511726
28499120	364	371	lacking	T080	C0332268
28499120	376	385	decisions	T041	C0679006
28499120	428	434	source	T033	C0449416
28499120	438	449	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28499120	457	462	model	T170	C3161035
28499120	467	484	measurement error	T081	C0681899
28499120	487	498	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28499120	532	547	inference rules	T170	C0870077
28499120	557	565	identify	T169	C0205245
28499120	570	577	analyse	T169	C1524024
28499120	578	588	heuristics	T170	C0597916
28499120	608	612	risk	T078	C0035647
28499120	613	620	objects	T077	C1518526
28499120	625	637	discriminate	T080	C0205235
28499120	646	652	signal	T067	C1710082
28499120	657	662	noise	T067	C0028263
28499120	667	673	weight	T081	C0043100
28499120	674	682	evidence	T078	C3887511
28499120	697	703	models	T170	C3161035
28499120	727	735	datasets	T170	C0150098
28499120	749	755	policy	T170	C0242456
28499120	771	781	heuristics	T170	C0597916
28499120	802	817	generalisations	T080	C0205556
28499120	846	859	relationships	T080	C0439849
28499120	898	908	surrogates	T099	C4053457
28499120	912	927	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28499120	941	952	conventions	T080	C0205556
28499120	972	981	stability	T080	C0205360
28499120	985	1002	decision analysis	T090	C0011108
28499120	1036	1041	error	T080	C0743559
28499120	1077	1097	significance testing	T169	C0039593
28499120	1105	1115	heuristics	T170	C0597916
28499120	1145	1159	justifications	T078	C0392360
28499120	1188	1199	assumptions	T078	C1254370
28499120	1227	1249	practical applications	T169	C0205245
28499120	1251	1260	Heuristic	T170	C0597916
28499120	1261	1275	decision rules	T170	C0870077
28499120	1282	1299	feasibility rules	T170	C0870077
28499120	1321	1331	surrogates	T099	C4053457
28499120	1336	1356	utility maximisation	T080	C0205556
28499120	1360	1374	distributional	T169	C1704711
28499120	1375	1383	concerns	T078	C2699424
28499120	1392	1400	practice	T077	C1254372
28499120	1413	1431	costs and benefits	T081	C0010187
28499120	1445	1454	arbitrary	T080	C1264693
28499120	1455	1465	thresholds	T080	C0449864
28499120	1508	1515	problem	T033	C0033213
28499120	1519	1536	rule-entrenchment	T067	C1254366
28499120	1544	1562	analytical choices	T052	C1707391
28499120	1622	1630	practice	T077	C1254372
28499120	1640	1651	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28499120	1680	1684	bias	T078	C0242568
28499120	1686	1696	Strategies	T041	C0679199
28499120	1708	1712	risk	T078	C0035647
28499120	1717	1734	decision analysis	T090	C0011108
28499120	1774	1785	assumptions	T078	C1254370
28499120	1790	1795	scope	T077	C1710028
28499120	1796	1806	conditions	T078	C1254370
28499120	1819	1829	heuristics	T170	C0597916
28499120	1849	1856	testing	T169	C0039593
28499120	1896	1905	empirical	T078	C0392360
28499120	1909	1935	theoretical justifications	T078	C0392360
28499120	1943	1954	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28499120	1955	1963	analysis	T062	C0936012
28499120	1965	1976	simulations	T062	C0679083
28499120	1978	2000	multiple bias analysis	T062	C0242481
28499120	2006	2036	deductive systems of inference	T170	C0282574
28499120	2043	2066	directed acyclic graphs	T170	C1706232
28499120	2084	2088	rule	T170	C0870077
28499120	2089	2100	uncertainty	T033	C0087130
28499120	2112	2122	heuristics	T170	C0597916
28499120	2135	2151	recovery schemes	T170	C1519193
28499120	2175	2182	biases;	T078	C0242568
28499120	2194	2208	decision rules	T170	C0870077
28499120	2232	2238	values	T080	C0042295
28499120	2243	2251	evidence	T078	C3887511
28499120	2265	2275	convention	T080	C0205556

28499328|t|Negative Psychological Consequences of Breast Cancer among Recently Diagnosed Ethnically Diverse Women
28499328|a|Breast cancer has psychological consequences that impact quality of life (QOL). We examined factors associated with negative psychological consequences of a breast cancer diagnosis, in a diverse sample of 910 recently diagnosed patients (378 African-American, 372 White, and 160 Latina). Patients completed an in-person interview as part of the Breast Cancer Care in Chicago study within an average of four months from diagnosis. The Cockburn negative psychological consequences of breast cancer screening scale was revised to focus on a breast cancer diagnosis. Path analysis assessed predictors of psychological consequences and potential mediators between race / ethnicity and psychological consequences. Compared to White counterparts, bivariate analysis showed African-American (β = 1.4, p < 0.05) and Latina (β = 3.6, p < 0.001) women reported greater psychological consequences. Strongest predictors (P < 0.05 for all) included unmet social support (β = 0.38), and provider trust (β = 0.12), followed by stage at diagnosis (β = 0.10) and perceived neighborhood social disorder (β = 0.09).The strongest mediator between race / ethnicity and psychological consequences was unmet social support. African-American and Latina women reported greater psychological consequences related to their breast cancer diagnosis; this disparity was mediated by differences in unmet social support. Social support represents a promising point of intervention.
28499328	0	8	Negative	T033	C0205160
28499328	9	22	Psychological	T169	C0205486
28499328	23	38	Consequences of	T169	C0686907
28499328	39	52	Breast Cancer	T191	C0006142
28499328	68	77	Diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28499328	78	88	Ethnically	T098	C0015031
28499328	89	96	Diverse	T080	C1880371
28499328	97	102	Women	T098	C0043210
28499328	103	116	Breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28499328	121	134	psychological	T169	C0205486
28499328	135	147	consequences	T169	C0686907
28499328	153	159	impact	T080	C4049986
28499328	160	175	quality of life	T078	C0034380
28499328	177	180	QOL	T078	C0034380
28499328	186	194	examined	T033	C0332128
28499328	203	218	associated with	T080	C0332281
28499328	219	227	negative	T033	C0205160
28499328	228	241	psychological	T169	C0205486
28499328	242	257	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28499328	260	273	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28499328	274	283	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28499328	290	297	diverse	T080	C1880371
28499328	298	304	sample	T077	C2347026
28499328	321	330	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28499328	331	339	patients	T101	C0030705
28499328	345	361	African-American	T098	C0085756
28499328	367	372	White	T098	C0043157
28499328	382	388	Latina	T098	C1553378
28499328	391	399	Patients	T101	C0030705
28499328	400	409	completed	T080	C0205197
28499328	413	422	in-person	T098	C0027361
28499328	423	432	interview	T052	C0021822
28499328	448	466	Breast Cancer Care	T061	C0920687
28499328	470	477	Chicago	T083	C0008044
28499328	478	483	study	T062	C2603343
28499328	510	516	months	T079	C0439231
28499328	522	531	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28499328	546	554	negative	T033	C0205160
28499328	555	568	psychological	T169	C0205486
28499328	569	584	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28499328	585	608	breast cancer screening	T060	C0199230
28499328	609	614	scale	T052	C1947916
28499328	641	654	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28499328	655	664	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28499328	666	679	Path analysis	T062	C0683963
28499328	680	688	assessed	T052	C1516048
28499328	689	699	predictors	T078	C2698872
28499328	703	716	psychological	T169	C0205486
28499328	717	729	consequences	T169	C0686907
28499328	762	766	race	T098	C0034510
28499328	769	778	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
28499328	783	796	psychological	T169	C0205486
28499328	797	809	consequences	T169	C0686907
28499328	823	828	White	T098	C0043157
28499328	843	861	bivariate analysis	UnknownType	C0681927
28499328	869	885	African-American	T098	C0085756
28499328	910	916	Latina	T098	C1553378
28499328	938	943	women	T098	C0043210
28499328	953	960	greater	T081	C1704243
28499328	961	974	psychological	T169	C0205486
28499328	975	987	consequences	T169	C0686907
28499328	989	998	Strongest	T080	C0442821
28499328	999	1009	predictors	T078	C2698872
28499328	1038	1043	unmet	T052	C3274904
28499328	1044	1058	social support	T054	C0037438
28499328	1084	1089	trust	T054	C0237935
28499328	1123	1132	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28499328	1158	1170	neighborhood	T083	C0027569
28499328	1171	1186	social disorder	T033	C0850782
28499328	1229	1233	race	T098	C0034510
28499328	1236	1245	ethnicity	T098	C0015031
28499328	1250	1263	psychological	T169	C0205486
28499328	1264	1276	consequences	T169	C0686907
28499328	1281	1286	unmet	T052	C3274904
28499328	1287	1301	social support	T054	C0037438
28499328	1303	1319	African-American	T098	C0085756
28499328	1324	1330	Latina	T083	C0023122
28499328	1331	1336	women	T098	C0043210
28499328	1346	1353	greater	T081	C1704243
28499328	1354	1367	psychological	T169	C0205486
28499328	1368	1380	consequences	T169	C0686907
28499328	1398	1411	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28499328	1412	1421	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28499328	1428	1437	disparity	T033	C1171307
28499328	1469	1474	unmet	T052	C3274904
28499328	1475	1489	social support	T054	C0037438
28499328	1491	1505	Social support	T054	C0037438

28499343|t|Knee Loading Deficits During Dynamic Tasks in Individuals Following ACL Reconstruction
28499343|a|Study Design Controlled laboratory study, cross-sectional. Background Well documented deficits in sagittal plane knee loading, during dynamic tasks indicate individuals limit the magnitude of knee loading following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). It is unknown how these individuals modulate the speed of knee flexion during loading, which is particularly important as they progress to running during rehabilitation. Objective To investigate how individuals following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction perform dynamic knee loading tasks compared to healthy controls. Methods Two groups of recreationally active individuals participated; 15 healthy controls (CTRL) and 15 post-ACLR (ACLR). Participants performed 3 trials of over-ground running (RUN) and a single limb loading (SLL) task. Sagittal plane range of motion, peak knee extensor moment, peak knee flexion angular velocity, peak knee power absorption, and rate of knee extensor moment were calculated during deceleration. Mixed-factor multivariate analysis of variance was performed to compare differences in variables between groups (ACLR and CTRL), limbs (within ACLR) and tasks (within CTRL). Results Knee power absorption, knee flexion angular velocity and rate of knee extensor moment were decreased in reconstructed limbs (SLL :5.6W/kg; 325.8deg/s; 10.5Nm/kg/s, RUN :11.8W/kg; 421.4deg/s; 38.2Nm/kg/s, respectively) compared to non-surgical limbs (SLL :9.7W/kg; 432.0deg/s; 19.1Nm/kg/s, RUN :18.8W/kg; 494.1deg/s; 72.8Nm/kg/s, respectively) during both tasks (p<0.001). The magnitude of between limb differences in knee flexion angular velocity were similar in both tasks. Conclusion Despite lower loading demands during SLL, individuals post-ACLR exhibit deficits in knee dynamics during SLL and RUN suggesting an inability or reluctance to dynamically accommodate forces at the knee when progressing to running in rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 12 May 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6912.
28499343	0	4	Knee	T023	C0022742
28499343	5	12	Loading	T052	C1708715
28499343	13	21	Deficits	T080	C2987487
28499343	29	36	Dynamic	T169	C0729333
28499343	37	42	Tasks	T057	C3540678
28499343	46	57	Individuals	T098	C0237401
28499343	68	86	ACL Reconstruction	T061	C3178820
28499343	87	99	Study Design	T062	C0035171
28499343	100	127	Controlled laboratory study	T059	C0681827
28499343	129	144	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
28499343	173	181	deficits	T080	C2987487
28499343	185	199	sagittal plane	T029	C0935598
28499343	200	204	knee	T023	C0022742
28499343	205	212	loading	T052	C1708715
28499343	221	228	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28499343	229	234	tasks	T057	C3540678
28499343	244	255	individuals	T098	C0237401
28499343	266	275	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28499343	279	283	knee	T023	C0022742
28499343	284	291	loading	T052	C1708715
28499343	302	343	anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction	T061	C3178820
28499343	345	349	ACLR	T061	C3178820
28499343	376	387	individuals	T098	C0237401
28499343	388	396	modulate	T082	C0443264
28499343	401	406	speed	T081	C0678536
28499343	410	422	knee flexion	T033	C0240114
28499343	430	437	loading	T052	C1708715
28499343	479	487	progress	T169	C1280477
28499343	491	498	running	T056	C0035953
28499343	506	520	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992
28499343	551	562	individuals	T098	C0237401
28499343	573	614	anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction	T061	C3178820
28499343	623	630	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28499343	631	635	knee	T023	C0022742
28499343	636	643	loading	T052	C1708715
28499343	644	649	tasks	T057	C3540678
28499343	662	678	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28499343	692	698	groups	T078	C0441833
28499343	702	723	recreationally active	T056	C0034872
28499343	724	735	individuals	T098	C0237401
28499343	753	769	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28499343	771	775	CTRL	T080	C2986479
28499343	784	793	post-ACLR	T078	C0441833
28499343	795	799	ACLR	T078	C0441833
28499343	802	814	Participants	T098	C0679646
28499343	827	833	trials	T062	C0008976
28499343	849	856	running	T056	C0035953
28499343	858	861	RUN	T056	C0035953
28499343	876	880	limb	T023	C0015385
28499343	881	888	loading	T052	C1708715
28499343	890	893	SLL	T052	C1708715
28499343	895	899	task	T057	C3540678
28499343	901	915	Sagittal plane	T029	C0935598
28499343	916	931	range of motion	T201	C2607871
28499343	933	958	peak knee extensor moment	T081	C0392762
28499343	938	951	knee extensor	T023	C0581537
28499343	960	994	peak knee flexion angular velocity	T081	C0392762
28499343	965	977	knee flexion	T033	C0240114
28499343	996	1022	peak knee power absorption	T081	C0392762
28499343	1001	1005	knee	T023	C0022742
28499343	1028	1056	rate of knee extensor moment	T081	C0392762
28499343	1036	1049	knee extensor	T023	C0581537
28499343	1080	1092	deceleration	T070	C0011100
28499343	1094	1128	Mixed-factor multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28499343	1132	1140	variance	T080	C1711260
28499343	1199	1205	groups	T078	C0441833
28499343	1207	1211	ACLR	T078	C0441833
28499343	1216	1220	CTRL	T080	C2986479
28499343	1223	1228	limbs	T023	C0015385
28499343	1237	1241	ACLR	T078	C0441833
28499343	1247	1252	tasks	T057	C3540678
28499343	1261	1265	CTRL	T080	C2986479
28499343	1276	1280	Knee	T023	C0022742
28499343	1276	1297	Knee power absorption	T081	C0392762
28499343	1299	1311	knee flexion	T033	C0240114
28499343	1299	1328	knee flexion angular velocity	T081	C0392762
28499343	1333	1361	rate of knee extensor moment	T081	C0392762
28499343	1341	1354	knee extensor	T023	C0581537
28499343	1367	1376	decreased	T081	C0205216
28499343	1380	1393	reconstructed	T080	C0205556
28499343	1394	1399	limbs	T023	C0015385
28499343	1401	1404	SLL	T052	C1708715
28499343	1440	1443	RUN	T056	C0035953
28499343	1506	1518	non-surgical	T169	C1518388
28499343	1519	1524	limbs	T023	C0015385
28499343	1526	1529	SLL	T052	C1708715
28499343	1565	1568	RUN	T056	C0035953
28499343	1631	1636	tasks	T057	C3540678
28499343	1652	1661	magnitude	T081	C1704240
28499343	1673	1677	limb	T023	C0015385
28499343	1678	1689	differences	T080	C1705242
28499343	1693	1705	knee flexion	T033	C0240114
28499343	1693	1722	knee flexion angular velocity	T081	C0392762
28499343	1744	1749	tasks	T057	C3540678
28499343	1776	1783	loading	T052	C1708715
28499343	1799	1802	SLL	T052	C1708715
28499343	1804	1815	individuals	T098	C0237401
28499343	1816	1825	post-ACLR	T078	C0441833
28499343	1834	1842	deficits	T080	C2987487
28499343	1846	1850	knee	T023	C0022742
28499343	1851	1859	dynamics	T169	C0729333
28499343	1867	1870	SLL	T052	C1708715
28499343	1875	1878	RUN	T056	C0035953
28499343	1906	1916	reluctance	T041	C2347948
28499343	1920	1931	dynamically	T169	C0729333
28499343	1944	1950	forces	T067	C0441722
28499343	1958	1962	knee	T023	C0022742
28499343	1968	1979	progressing	T169	C0205329
28499343	1983	1990	running	T056	C0035953
28499343	1994	2008	rehabilitation	T169	C0034992

28500789|t|ATLANTIC SMALL - MAMMAL: a dataset of communities of rodents and marsupials of the Atlantic Forests of South America
28500789|a|The contribution of small mammal ecology to the understanding of macroecological patterns of biodiversity, population dynamics and community assembly has been hindered by the absence of large datasets of small mammal communities from tropical regions. Here we compile the largest dataset of inventories of small mammal communities for the Neotropical region. The dataset reviews small mammal communities from the Atlantic forest of South America, one of the regions with the highest diversity of small mammals and a global biodiversity hotspot, though currently covering less than 12% of its original area due to anthropogenic pressures. The dataset comprises 136 references from 300 locations covering seven vegetation types of tropical and subtropical Atlantic forests of South America, and presents data on species composition, richness, and relative abundance (captures/trap-nights). One paper was published more that 70 years ago but 80% of them were published after 2000. The dataset comprises 53,518 individuals of 124 species of small mammals, including 30 species of marsupials and 94 species of rodents. Species richness averaged 8.2 species (1 - 21) per site. Only two species occurred in more than 50% of the sites (the common opossum, Didelphis aurita and black-footed pigmy rice rat Oligoryzomys nigripes). Mean species abundance varied 430-fold, from 4.3 to 0.01 individuals/trap-night. The dataset also revealed a hyper-dominance of 22 species that comprised 78.29% of all individuals captured, with only seven species representing 44% of all captures. The information contained on this dataset can be applied in the study of macroecological patterns of biodiversity, communities and populations, but also to evaluate the ecological consequences of fragmentation and defaunation, and predict disease outbreaks, trophic interactions and community dynamics in this biodiversity hotspot. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28500789	0	8	ATLANTIC	UnknownType	C0681784
28500789	9	14	SMALL	T081	C0700321
28500789	17	23	MAMMAL	T015	C0024660
28500789	27	34	dataset	T170	C0150098
28500789	38	49	communities	T070	C1253910
28500789	53	60	rodents	T015	C0035804
28500789	65	75	marsupials	T015	C0024852
28500789	83	91	Atlantic	UnknownType	C0681784
28500789	92	99	Forests	T070	C0086312
28500789	103	116	South America	T083	C0037713
28500789	137	142	small	T081	C0700321
28500789	143	149	mammal	T015	C0024660
28500789	150	157	ecology	T090	C0596094
28500789	182	197	macroecological	T090	C0013546
28500789	198	206	patterns	T082	C0449774
28500789	210	222	biodiversity	T080	C0282469
28500789	224	243	population dynamics	T081	C0032667
28500789	248	257	community	T070	C1253910
28500789	309	317	datasets	T170	C0150098
28500789	321	326	small	T081	C0700321
28500789	327	333	mammal	T015	C0024660
28500789	334	345	communities	T070	C1253910
28500789	351	367	tropical regions	T083	C0017446
28500789	397	404	dataset	T170	C0150098
28500789	423	428	small	T081	C0700321
28500789	429	435	mammal	T015	C0024660
28500789	436	447	communities	T070	C1253910
28500789	456	474	Neotropical region	T083	C0017446
28500789	480	487	dataset	T170	C0150098
28500789	496	501	small	T081	C0700321
28500789	502	508	mammal	T015	C0024660
28500789	509	520	communities	T070	C1253910
28500789	530	538	Atlantic	UnknownType	C0681784
28500789	539	545	forest	T070	C0086312
28500789	549	562	South America	T083	C0037713
28500789	575	582	regions	T083	C0017446
28500789	600	609	diversity	T080	C0282469
28500789	613	618	small	T081	C0700321
28500789	619	626	mammals	T015	C0024660
28500789	633	660	global biodiversity hotspot	T083	C0017446
28500789	718	722	area	T082	C0205146
28500789	759	766	dataset	T170	C0150098
28500789	781	791	references	T077	C1706462
28500789	801	810	locations	T083	C0017446
28500789	826	842	vegetation types	T002	C0032098
28500789	846	854	tropical	UnknownType	C0681784
28500789	859	879	subtropical Atlantic	UnknownType	C0681784
28500789	880	887	forests	T070	C0086312
28500789	891	904	South America	T083	C0037713
28500789	919	923	data	T078	C1511726
28500789	927	946	species composition	T080	C0282469
28500789	948	956	richness	T080	C2346714
28500789	982	1002	captures/trap-nights	T081	C0392762
28500789	1042	1047	years	T079	C0439234
28500789	1099	1106	dataset	T170	C0150098
28500789	1124	1135	individuals	T008	C0003062
28500789	1143	1150	species	T185	C1705920
28500789	1154	1159	small	T081	C0700321
28500789	1160	1167	mammals	T015	C0024660
28500789	1182	1189	species	T185	C1705920
28500789	1193	1203	marsupials	T015	C0024852
28500789	1211	1218	species	T185	C1705920
28500789	1222	1229	rodents	T015	C0035804
28500789	1231	1238	Species	T185	C1705920
28500789	1239	1247	richness	T080	C2346714
28500789	1261	1268	species	T185	C1705920
28500789	1297	1304	species	T185	C1705920
28500789	1356	1363	opossum	T015	C0029115
28500789	1365	1381	Didelphis aurita	T015	C1037571
28500789	1386	1413	black-footed pigmy rice rat	T015	C1006575
28500789	1414	1435	Oligoryzomys nigripes	T015	C1006575
28500789	1443	1450	species	T185	C1705920
28500789	1451	1460	abundance	T080	C2346714
28500789	1495	1517	individuals/trap-night	T081	C0392762
28500789	1523	1530	dataset	T170	C0150098
28500789	1547	1562	hyper-dominance	T054	C0237583
28500789	1569	1576	species	T185	C1705920
28500789	1606	1617	individuals	T008	C0003062
28500789	1644	1651	species	T185	C1705920
28500789	1676	1684	captures	T081	C0392762
28500789	1720	1727	dataset	T170	C0150098
28500789	1750	1755	study	T062	C2603343
28500789	1759	1774	macroecological	T090	C0013546
28500789	1775	1783	patterns	T082	C0449774
28500789	1787	1799	biodiversity	T080	C0282469
28500789	1801	1812	communities	T070	C1253910
28500789	1817	1828	populations	T008	C1318101
28500789	1855	1865	ecological	T090	C0013546
28500789	1866	1881	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28500789	1882	1895	fragmentation	T033	C0243095
28500789	1900	1911	defaunation	T033	C0243095
28500789	1925	1942	disease outbreaks	T067	C0012652
28500789	1969	1987	community dynamics	T081	C0032667
28500789	1996	2016	biodiversity hotspot	T083	C0017446
28500789	2047	2056	copyright	T170	C0009993

28500879|t|Role of forensic medicine in evaluating non-fatal physical violence against women by their husbands in Jordan
28500879|a|Intimate partner violence against women is a major health problem in most nations, but to date, there has been little awareness of the extent or seriousness of this issue in Jordan. Forensic medical practitioners play a significant role in diagnosing, evaluating and reporting these cases. The Jordanian judicial system is dependent on forensic reports. This study aims to assess the role of forensic medicine in evaluating the physical injuries sustained by women who are abused by their husbands. A retrospective review of 158 forensic reports of Jordanian women alleging assault by their husbands and who were seen at Jordan University Hospital over the period 2010-2015. Of the 158 women who presented, 87 had multiple injuries. The majority of injuries were soft tissue injuries, but others included fractures, tympanic membrane perforation, burns and neck contusions. Twelve women were pregnant at the time of the assessment. The period of incapacity caused by these injuries (an important factor for the Jordanian judicial system) was between 1 and 14 days. Intimate partner violence can present with a range of injuries from relatively minor to potentially disabling or life threatening. Forensic medicine has a role in documenting and evaluating these injuries and advising the judicial system in these cases. These are all key elements in increasing the awareness of the nature and extent of this behavior and its impact on women (and men) and the wider society.
28500879	8	25	forensic medicine	T091	C0016557
28500879	29	39	evaluating	T062	C0178628
28500879	40	67	non-fatal physical violence	T048	C0476480
28500879	76	81	women	T098	C0043210
28500879	91	99	husbands	T099	C0242664
28500879	103	109	Jordan	T083	C0022418
28500879	110	135	Intimate partner violence	T053	C4042876
28500879	144	149	women	T098	C0043210
28500879	161	175	health problem	T033	C1398682
28500879	184	191	nations	T092	C1555720
28500879	228	237	awareness	T041	C0004448
28500879	255	266	seriousness	T055	C0871902
28500879	275	280	issue	T033	C0033213
28500879	284	290	Jordan	T083	C0022418
28500879	292	322	Forensic medical practitioners	T097	C1306754
28500879	350	360	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
28500879	362	372	evaluating	T062	C0178628
28500879	377	386	reporting	T064	C0376485
28500879	393	398	cases	T169	C0868928
28500879	404	429	Jordanian judicial system	UnknownType	C0680776
28500879	446	462	forensic reports	T170	C0684224
28500879	502	519	forensic medicine	T091	C0016557
28500879	523	533	evaluating	T062	C0178628
28500879	538	555	physical injuries	T037	C3263723
28500879	556	565	sustained	T169	C0443318
28500879	569	589	women who are abused	T101	C0242810
28500879	599	607	husbands	T099	C0242664
28500879	611	631	retrospective review	T170	C0282443
28500879	639	655	forensic reports	T170	C0684224
28500879	659	674	Jordanian women	T098	C0043210
28500879	675	691	alleging assault	T037	C0004063
28500879	701	709	husbands	T099	C0242664
28500879	731	737	Jordan	T083	C0022418
28500879	738	757	University Hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28500879	767	773	period	T079	C1948053
28500879	796	801	women	T098	C0043210
28500879	824	841	multiple injuries	T037	C0026771
28500879	859	867	injuries	T037	C3263723
28500879	873	893	soft tissue injuries	T037	C0037578
28500879	915	924	fractures	T037	C0016658
28500879	926	955	tympanic membrane perforation	T037	C0206504
28500879	957	962	burns	T037	C0006434
28500879	967	982	neck contusions	T037	C0274215
28500879	991	996	women	T098	C0043210
28500879	1002	1010	pregnant	T169	C0553641
28500879	1018	1022	time	T079	C0040223
28500879	1030	1040	assessment	T058	C0220825
28500879	1046	1052	period	T079	C1948053
28500879	1083	1091	injuries	T037	C3263723
28500879	1121	1146	Jordanian judicial system	UnknownType	C0680776
28500879	1169	1173	days	T079	C0439228
28500879	1175	1200	Intimate partner violence	T053	C4042876
28500879	1229	1237	injuries	T037	C3263723
28500879	1275	1284	disabling	T033	C4061999
28500879	1288	1304	life threatening	T033	C2826244
28500879	1306	1323	Forensic medicine	T091	C0016557
28500879	1338	1349	documenting	T058	C1301725
28500879	1354	1364	evaluating	T062	C0178628
28500879	1371	1379	injuries	T037	C3263723
28500879	1384	1392	advising	T052	C1828381
28500879	1397	1412	judicial system	UnknownType	C0680776
28500879	1422	1427	cases	T169	C0868928
28500879	1459	1469	increasing	T169	C0442808
28500879	1474	1483	awareness	T041	C0004448
28500879	1491	1497	nature	T169	C1262865
28500879	1517	1525	behavior	T053	C0004927
28500879	1544	1549	women	T098	C0043210
28500879	1555	1558	men	T098	C0025266
28500879	1568	1581	wider society	T092	C0037455

28500997|t|Does a policy of earlier induction affect labour outcomes in women induced for postmaturity? A retrospective analysis in a tertiary hospital in the North of England
28500997|a|to investigate whether a change in the management of postmature pregnancy to earlier induction affects the length of labour and the induction process. Secondly, to assess the feasibility of the research process to inform a future larger study. a change in management of postmature pregnancy in an NHS hospital in October 2013, from induction at 42 weeks gestation to induction between 41-42 weeks, provided an opportunity to conduct a retrospective analysis. Pre-existing data from the maternity database and casenotes were collected and primary outcomes analysed using the Mann-Whitney test and the Hodges-Lehman confidence interval for differences in medians. a large city based tertiary referral hospital in the North of England. 125 women induced before the change in policy were compared with 309 women induced after the change. primary outcomes were length of 1st and 2nd stage of labour, overall length of labour, length of induction to established labour and length of induction to birth. the median overall length of labour for women induced at 42 weeks was 6.5 hours, while for women induced at 41-42 weeks this was 5.2 hours. The difference was not statistically significant (p=0.15, 95% CI for median difference -0.27 to 1.93 hours) with a small effect size (Pearson's r=-0.08). The median length of induction to birth was 13.6 hours for women induced at 42 weeks and 16.5 hours for women induced at 41-42 weeks. This difference was also not statistically significant (p=0.14, 95% CI for median difference -7.25 to 1.20 hours) with a small effect size (Pearson's r=-0.13). This study demonstrated no statistically significant difference s in length of labour and induction following a change in the management of postmature pregnancy to earlier induction. A large study is needed to establish definitively the effects of earlier induction on labour outcomes.
28500997	7	13	policy	T170	C0242456
28500997	17	34	earlier induction	T061	C3710446
28500997	42	48	labour	T040	C0022864
28500997	49	57	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28500997	61	66	women	T098	C0033011
28500997	67	74	induced	T169	C0205263
28500997	79	91	postmaturity	T047	C0221007
28500997	95	108	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28500997	109	117	analysis	T062	C0936012
28500997	123	140	tertiary hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
28500997	148	153	North	T082	C1709269
28500997	157	164	England	T083	C0014282
28500997	168	179	investigate	T169	C1292732
28500997	190	196	change	T169	C0392747
28500997	204	214	management	T057	C1273870
28500997	218	238	postmature pregnancy	T046	C0032993
28500997	242	259	earlier induction	T061	C3710446
28500997	272	288	length of labour	T201	C0566679
28500997	297	314	induction process	T061	C0259787
28500997	329	335	assess	T052	C1516048
28500997	340	351	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28500997	359	375	research process	T062	C0242481
28500997	388	394	future	T079	C0016884
28500997	395	407	larger study	T062	C2603343
28500997	411	417	change	T169	C0392747
28500997	421	431	management	T057	C1273870
28500997	435	455	postmature pregnancy	T046	C0032993
28500997	462	465	NHS	T058	C0027462
28500997	466	474	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28500997	478	485	October	T079	C3828732
28500997	497	506	induction	T061	C0259787
28500997	513	518	weeks	T079	C0439230
28500997	519	528	gestation	T040	C0032961
28500997	532	541	induction	T061	C0259787
28500997	556	561	weeks	T079	C0439230
28500997	563	571	provided	T052	C1999230
28500997	575	586	opportunity	T062	C0683937
28500997	600	613	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28500997	614	622	analysis	T062	C0936012
28500997	624	636	Pre-existing	T080	C2347662
28500997	637	641	data	T078	C1511726
28500997	651	660	maternity	T054	C0681108
28500997	661	669	database	T170	C0242356
28500997	674	683	casenotes	T170	C3842891
28500997	689	698	collected	T169	C1516698
28500997	703	719	primary outcomes	T062	C0086750
28500997	720	728	analysed	T062	C0936012
28500997	739	756	Mann-Whitney test	T170	C1708930
28500997	765	798	Hodges-Lehman confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28500997	803	814	differences	T080	C1705242
28500997	818	825	medians	T081	C0876920
28500997	829	839	large city	T083	C0008848
28500997	846	872	tertiary referral hospital	T073,T093	C0587437
28500997	880	885	North	T082	C1709269
28500997	889	896	England	T083	C0014282
28500997	902	907	women	T098	C0033011
28500997	908	915	induced	T169	C0205263
28500997	927	933	change	T169	C0392747
28500997	937	943	policy	T170	C0242456
28500997	949	957	compared	T052	C1707455
28500997	967	972	women	T098	C0033011
28500997	973	980	induced	T169	C0205263
28500997	991	997	change	T169	C0392747
28500997	999	1015	primary outcomes	T062	C0086750
28500997	1021	1027	length	T081	C1444754
28500997	1031	1034	1st	T079	C0022871
28500997	1039	1058	2nd stage of labour	T079	C0022872
28500997	1068	1084	length of labour	T201	C0566679
28500997	1086	1092	length	T081	C1444754
28500997	1096	1105	induction	T061	C0259787
28500997	1109	1120	established	T080	C0443211
28500997	1121	1127	labour	T040	C0022864
28500997	1132	1138	length	T081	C1444754
28500997	1142	1151	induction	T061	C0259787
28500997	1155	1160	birth	T040	C0005615
28500997	1166	1172	median	T081	C0876920
28500997	1181	1197	length of labour	T201	C0566679
28500997	1202	1207	women	T098	C0033011
28500997	1208	1215	induced	T169	C0205263
28500997	1222	1227	weeks	T079	C0439230
28500997	1236	1241	hours	T079	C0439227
28500997	1253	1258	women	T098	C0033011
28500997	1259	1266	induced	T169	C0205263
28500997	1276	1281	weeks	T079	C0439230
28500997	1295	1300	hours	T079	C0439227
28500997	1306	1316	difference	T080	C1705242
28500997	1325	1350	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28500997	1364	1366	CI	T081	C0009667
28500997	1371	1377	median	T081	C0876920
28500997	1378	1388	difference	T080	C1705242
28500997	1403	1408	hours	T079	C0439227
28500997	1417	1434	small effect size	T081	C0814843
28500997	1436	1445	Pearson's	T081	C0871052
28500997	1460	1466	median	T081	C0876920
28500997	1467	1473	length	T081	C1444754
28500997	1477	1486	induction	T061	C0259787
28500997	1490	1495	birth	T040	C0005615
28500997	1505	1510	hours	T079	C0439227
28500997	1515	1520	women	T098	C0033011
28500997	1521	1528	induced	T169	C0205263
28500997	1535	1540	weeks	T079	C0439230
28500997	1550	1555	hours	T079	C0439227
28500997	1560	1565	women	T098	C0033011
28500997	1566	1573	induced	T169	C0205263
28500997	1583	1588	weeks	T079	C0439230
28500997	1595	1605	difference	T080	C1705242
28500997	1619	1644	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28500997	1658	1660	CI	T081	C0009667
28500997	1665	1671	median	T081	C0876920
28500997	1672	1682	difference	T080	C1705242
28500997	1697	1702	hours	T079	C0439227
28500997	1711	1728	small effect size	T081	C0814843
28500997	1730	1739	Pearson's	T081	C0871052
28500997	1755	1760	study	T062	C2603343
28500997	1777	1802	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28500997	1803	1813	difference	T080	C1705242
28500997	1819	1835	length of labour	T201	C0566679
28500997	1840	1849	induction	T061	C0259787
28500997	1862	1868	change	T169	C0392747
28500997	1876	1886	management	T057	C1273870
28500997	1890	1910	postmature pregnancy	T046	C0032993
28500997	1914	1931	earlier induction	T061	C3710446
28500997	1935	1946	large study	T062	C2603343
28500997	1960	1969	establish	T080	C0443211
28500997	1987	1997	effects of	T080	C1704420
28500997	1998	2015	earlier induction	T061	C3710446
28500997	2019	2025	labour	T040	C0022864
28500997	2026	2034	outcomes	T169	C1274040

28501006|t|Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry -based quantitative proteomics analysis reveals chondroprotective effects of astragaloside IV in interleukin-1β - induced SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells
28501006|a|Chondrocyte apoptosis played a key role on the progression of Osteoarthritis (OA). Safe and effective drugs are urgently needed for the treatment of OA. Previous study reported that Astragaloside IV (ASG-IV) had exerted a protective effect against articular cartilage degeneration by promoting rapid proliferation of chondrocyte. Therefore, the aim of our study is to explore the effects and mechanisms of ASG-IV in chondrocyte apoptosis. Isobaric Tags For Relative And Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics was used to quantitatively detect and map proteins in SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells pre-treated with ASG-IV or interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or ASG-IV + IL-1β. The iTRAQ-labeled peptides were fractionated by high-accuracy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Cell apoptosis and differentially expressed proteins was detected by flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blotting, respectively. The apoptosis of the IL-1β - induced SW1353 cells treated with ASG-IV was greatly inhibited. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that gamma actin 1 (ACTG1) and Yes Associated Protein 1 (YAP1), participating in the Hippo signaling pathway and Vitronectin (VTN) and Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain (COL1A1), involving in the extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction signaling pathway, were all significantly up-regulated in the IL-1β - induced SW1353 cells after treatment with ASG-IV. The qRT-PCR and Western blotting results confirmed the up-regulation of these four genes. ASG-IV played a positive role in human osteoarthritic chondrocyte apoptosis, possibly through modulation of the Hippo signaling pathway by up-regulating YAP1 and ACTG1 expression, and also by up-regulating VTN and COL1A1, which are involved in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. Taken together, all the results suggested that ASG-IV had a novel therapeutic potential for the treatment of OA.
28501006	0	39	Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry	T059	C0872318
28501006	47	79	quantitative proteomics analysis	T059	C0022885
28501006	60	70	proteomics	T091	C0872252
28501006	88	113	chondroprotective effects	T033	C0243095
28501006	117	133	astragaloside IV	T109,T121	C0378018
28501006	137	151	interleukin-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28501006	154	161	induced	T169	C0205263
28501006	162	191	SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells	T025	C1516497
28501006	192	203	Chondrocyte	T025	C0225369
28501006	204	213	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28501006	239	250	progression	T046	C0242656
28501006	254	268	Osteoarthritis	T047	C0029408
28501006	270	272	OA	T047	C0029408
28501006	294	299	drugs	T061	C3687832
28501006	328	337	treatment	T169	C1522326
28501006	341	343	OA	T047	C0029408
28501006	354	359	study	T077	C1706256
28501006	374	390	Astragaloside IV	T109,T121	C0378018
28501006	392	398	ASG-IV	T109,T121	C0378018
28501006	414	431	protective effect	UnknownType	C0678771
28501006	440	472	articular cartilage degeneration	T047	C1394964
28501006	492	505	proliferation	T169	C1514485
28501006	509	520	chondrocyte	T025	C0225369
28501006	548	553	study	T077	C1706256
28501006	572	579	effects	T169	C0728866
28501006	584	594	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28501006	598	604	ASG-IV	T109,T121	C0378018
28501006	608	619	chondrocyte	T025	C0225369
28501006	620	629	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28501006	631	721	Isobaric Tags For Relative And Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomics	T059	C0022885
28501006	711	721	proteomics	T091	C0872252
28501006	749	755	detect	T033	C0442726
28501006	760	763	map	T052	C1283195
28501006	764	772	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28501006	776	805	SW1353 chondrocyte-like cells	T025	C1516497
28501006	806	817	pre-treated	T169	C1522326
28501006	823	829	ASG-IV	T109,T121	C0378018
28501006	833	847	interleukin-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28501006	849	854	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28501006	859	865	ASG-IV	T109,T121	C0378018
28501006	868	873	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28501006	879	901	iTRAQ-labeled peptides	T116	C0030956
28501006	907	919	fractionated	T080	C1979893
28501006	923	976	high-accuracy liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry	T059	C0872318
28501006	978	983	LC-MS	T059	C0872318
28501006	986	1000	Cell apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28501006	1005	1038	differentially expressed proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28501006	1043	1051	detected	T033	C0442726
28501006	1055	1069	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28501006	1071	1074	FCM	T059	C0016263
28501006	1077	1125	quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction	T063	C3179034
28501006	1127	1134	qRT-PCR	T063	C3179034
28501006	1141	1157	western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28501006	1177	1186	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28501006	1194	1199	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28501006	1202	1209	induced	T169	C0205263
28501006	1210	1222	SW1353 cells	T025	C1516497
28501006	1223	1230	treated	T169	C1522326
28501006	1236	1242	ASG-IV	T109,T121	C0378018
28501006	1255	1264	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28501006	1266	1280	Bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28501006	1266	1289	Bioinformatics analysis	T059	C0022885
28501006	1304	1317	gamma actin 1	T116	C3884655
28501006	1319	1324	ACTG1	T116	C3884655
28501006	1330	1354	Yes Associated Protein 1	T116,T123	C1318127
28501006	1356	1360	YAP1	T116,T123	C1318127
28501006	1384	1407	Hippo signaling pathway	T043	C3158583
28501006	1412	1423	Vitronectin	T116,T123	C4281807
28501006	1425	1428	VTN	T116,T123	C4281807
28501006	1434	1463	Collagen Type I Alpha 1 Chain	T116,T123	C0972255
28501006	1465	1471	COL1A1	T116,T123	C0972255
28501006	1491	1556	extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction signaling pathway	T169	C2984324
28501006	1581	1593	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28501006	1601	1606	IL-1β	T116,T129	C0021753
28501006	1609	1616	induced	T169	C0205263
28501006	1617	1629	SW1353 cells	T025	C1516497
28501006	1636	1645	treatment	T169	C1522326
28501006	1651	1657	ASG-IV	T109,T121	C0378018
28501006	1663	1670	qRT-PCR	T063	C3179034
28501006	1675	1691	Western blotting	T059,T063	C0005863
28501006	1714	1727	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
28501006	1742	1747	genes	T028	C0017337
28501006	1749	1755	ASG-IV	T109,T121	C0378018
28501006	1765	1778	positive role	T033	C1446409
28501006	1782	1787	human	T016	C0086418
28501006	1788	1824	osteoarthritic chondrocyte apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28501006	1803	1814	chondrocyte	T025	C0225369
28501006	1843	1853	modulation	UnknownType	C0544633
28501006	1861	1884	Hippo signaling pathway	T043	C3158583
28501006	1888	1901	up-regulating	T044	C0041904
28501006	1902	1906	YAP1	T116,T123	C1318127
28501006	1911	1916	ACTG1	T116	C3884655
28501006	1917	1927	expression	T045	C0017262
28501006	1941	1954	up-regulating	T044	C0041904
28501006	1955	1958	VTN	T116,T123	C4281807
28501006	1963	1969	COL1A1	T116,T123	C0972255
28501006	1997	2029	ECM-receptor interaction pathway	T169	C2984324
28501006	2078	2084	ASG-IV	T109,T121	C0378018
28501006	2097	2108	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28501006	2109	2118	potential	T080	C3245505
28501006	2127	2136	treatment	T169	C1522326
28501006	2140	2142	OA	T047	C0029408

28501028|t|Multicentric Castleman disease of hyaline vascular variant presenting with unusual systemic manifestations: a case report
28501028|a|Castleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder presenting with localized or disseminated lymphadenopathy and systemic manifestations. It can be categorized in numerous ways, such as unicentric versus multicentric, histopathological variants (hyaline - vascular, plasma cell, and mixed), or subtypes based on causative viral infections (human immunodeficiency virus, human herpesvirus-8, or Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus). Presentation ranges from asymptomatic to symptoms involving multiple organs. Even though the exact mechanism of pathogenesis is unknown, treatment is directed toward possible etiologies such as interleukin-6, cluster of differentiation 20, and viral agents. A 36- year -old Sri Lankan woman presented with generalized body swelling and foamy urine of 2 weeks ' duration. Examination revealed pallor; generalized edema; axillary, cervical, and inguinal lymphadenopathy; hypertension; and hepatomegaly. Investigations showed bicytopenia, nephrotic range proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and features of hyaline - vascular type Castleman disease in a lymph node biopsy. She was managed with rituximab and had good clinical improvement. Castleman disease has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, disease pathogeneses, and associations and/or complications. Medical professionals need to be familiar with this spectrum because timely diagnosis and aggressive targeted therapy are the cornerstones of managing these patients.
28501028	0	30	Multicentric Castleman disease	T191	C1334815
28501028	34	41	hyaline	T031	C0020191
28501028	42	50	vascular	T023	C0005847
28501028	51	58	variant	T080	C0205419
28501028	75	82	unusual	T080	C2700116
28501028	83	91	systemic	T169	C0205373
28501028	92	106	manifestations	T080	C1280464
28501028	110	121	case report	T170	C0007320
28501028	122	139	Castleman disease	T191	C1334815
28501028	145	149	rare	T080	C0522498
28501028	150	178	lymphoproliferative disorder	T191	C0024314
28501028	195	204	localized	T082	C0392752
28501028	208	220	disseminated	T082	C0205221
28501028	221	236	lymphadenopathy	T047	C0497156
28501028	241	249	systemic	T169	C0205373
28501028	250	264	manifestations	T080	C1280464
28501028	276	287	categorized	T185	C0008902
28501028	291	299	numerous	T081	C0439064
28501028	314	324	unicentric	T047	C0017531
28501028	332	344	multicentric	T191	C1334815
28501028	346	363	histopathological	T169	C0243140
28501028	364	372	variants	T080	C0205419
28501028	374	381	hyaline	T031	C0020191
28501028	384	392	vascular	T023	C0005847
28501028	394	405	plasma cell	T025	C0032112
28501028	411	416	mixed	T080	C0205419
28501028	422	430	subtypes	T185	C0872379
28501028	440	449	causative	T033	C0449411
28501028	450	466	viral infections	T047	C0042769
28501028	468	496	human immunodeficiency virus	T005	C0019682
28501028	498	517	human herpesvirus-8	T005	C0376526
28501028	522	548	Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus	T005	C0376526
28501028	576	588	asymptomatic	T033	C0231221
28501028	592	600	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28501028	611	619	multiple	T081	C0439064
28501028	620	626	organs	T023	C0178784
28501028	650	659	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28501028	663	675	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28501028	688	697	treatment	T169	C1522326
28501028	701	709	directed	T080	C1879741
28501028	726	736	etiologies	T169	C0015127
28501028	745	758	interleukin-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28501028	760	789	cluster of differentiation 20	T116,T129	C0054946
28501028	795	807	viral agents	T169	C0521026
28501028	815	819	year	T079	C0439234
28501028	825	835	Sri Lankan	T098	C1553327
28501028	836	841	woman	T098	C0043210
28501028	869	882	body swelling	T184	C0577596
28501028	887	898	foamy urine	T184	C2188715
28501028	904	909	weeks	T079	C0439230
28501028	912	920	duration	T079	C0449238
28501028	922	933	Examination	T058	C0582103
28501028	943	949	pallor	T033	C0030232
28501028	951	968	generalized edema	T033	C1850534
28501028	970	978	axillary	T029	C0004454
28501028	980	988	cervical	T082	C0205064
28501028	994	1018	inguinal lymphadenopathy	T047	C0578736
28501028	1020	1032	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28501028	1038	1050	hepatomegaly	T033	C0019209
28501028	1052	1066	Investigations	T058	C1261322
28501028	1074	1085	bicytopenia	T034	C1142446
28501028	1087	1114	nephrotic range proteinuria	T033	C0445118
28501028	1120	1135	hypoalbuminemia	T047	C0239981
28501028	1137	1158	hypogammaglobulinemia	T047	C0086438
28501028	1164	1172	features	T080	C2348519
28501028	1176	1183	hyaline	T031	C0020191
28501028	1186	1194	vascular	T023	C0005847
28501028	1195	1199	type	T080	C0332307
28501028	1200	1217	Castleman disease	T191	C1334815
28501028	1223	1240	lymph node biopsy	T060	C0193842
28501028	1250	1257	managed	T058	C0086583
28501028	1263	1272	rituximab	T116,T121,T129	C0393022
28501028	1286	1294	clinical	T080	C0205210
28501028	1295	1306	improvement	T077	C2986411
28501028	1308	1325	Castleman disease	T191	C1334815
28501028	1332	1337	broad	T082	C0332464
28501028	1338	1346	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28501028	1350	1358	clinical	T080	C0205210
28501028	1359	1373	manifestations	T080	C1280464
28501028	1375	1382	disease	T047	C0012634
28501028	1383	1395	pathogeneses	T046	C0699748
28501028	1401	1413	associations	T080	C0205556
28501028	1421	1434	complications	T046	C0009566
28501028	1436	1443	Medical	T169	C0205476
28501028	1444	1457	professionals	T097	C1704312
28501028	1488	1496	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28501028	1512	1521	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28501028	1526	1553	aggressive targeted therapy	T061	C2985566
28501028	1593	1601	patients	T101	C0030705

28501443|t|Meibomian gland dysfunction and its determinants in Iranian adults: A population-based study
28501443|a|To estimate the prevalence of Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and determine the associated factors in the general population in Iran. This cross-sectional study is based on the data from the second phase of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study conducted in 2014. Of the 4737 participants of the second phase, data was available for 4700 people; their mean age was 55.9±6.2 years and 2768 (58.9%) were women. Diagnosis of MGD was made based on the classification of the International Workshop on MGD as judged by the examining ophthalmologist. The prevalence of MGD was summarized as percentage and 95% confidence intervals (CI), and related factors were studied through simple and multiple logistic regressions. The diagnosis of MGD in at least one eye was recorded for 1235 (26.3%) participants; the prevalence of unilateral and bilateral MGD was 26.3% (95% CI: 24.5-28.1) and 26.1% (95% CI: 24.3-27.9), respectively. In the multiple logistic regression analyses, MGD significantly correlated with pinguecula [odds ratio (OR)=1.3, 95% CI: 1.12-1.50], hypertension (OR =1.34, 95% CI: 1.11-1.61), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (OR =0.0992, 95% CI: 0.986-0.999), diabetes mellitus (OR =0.83, 95% CI: 0.71-0.97), and years of education (OR =0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-0.99). MGD prevalence in this study was lower than the rates reported in other studies on Asian populations. Besides HDL level, MGD is associated with another ocular surface disorder, namely pinguecula, as well as certain systemic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. These associations should be taken into consideration when diagnosing MGD.
28501443	0	27	Meibomian gland dysfunction	T047	C1275684
28501443	36	48	determinants	T169	C1521761
28501443	52	59	Iranian	T098	C1553355
28501443	60	66	adults	T100	C0001675
28501443	70	92	population-based study	T062	C1709599
28501443	109	119	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28501443	123	150	Meibomian gland dysfunction	T047	C1275684
28501443	152	155	MGD	T047	C1275684
28501443	175	185	associated	T080	C0332281
28501443	186	193	factors	T169	C1521761
28501443	201	219	general population	T098	C0683971
28501443	223	227	Iran	T083	C0022065
28501443	234	255	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28501443	272	276	data	T078	C1511726
28501443	306	331	Shahroud Eye Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
28501443	363	375	participants	T098	C0679646
28501443	397	401	data	T078	C1511726
28501443	439	443	mean	T081	C0444504
28501443	444	447	age	T032	C0001779
28501443	461	466	years	T079	C1510829
28501443	489	494	women	T098	C0043210
28501443	496	505	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28501443	509	512	MGD	T047	C1275684
28501443	535	549	classification	T185	C0008902
28501443	557	579	International Workshop	UnknownType	C0681323
28501443	583	586	MGD	T047	C1275684
28501443	614	629	ophthalmologist	T097	C1704292
28501443	635	645	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28501443	649	652	MGD	T047	C1275684
28501443	671	681	percentage	T081	C0439165
28501443	690	710	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28501443	712	714	CI	T081	C0009667
28501443	729	736	factors	T169	C1521761
28501443	778	798	logistic regressions	T062	C0206031
28501443	804	813	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28501443	817	820	MGD	T047	C1275684
28501443	837	840	eye	T023	C0015392
28501443	871	883	participants	T098	C0679646
28501443	889	899	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28501443	928	931	MGD	T047	C1275684
28501443	947	949	CI	T081	C0009667
28501443	977	979	CI	T081	C0009667
28501443	1014	1051	multiple logistic regression analyses	UnknownType	C0681925
28501443	1053	1056	MGD	T047	C1275684
28501443	1071	1081	correlated	T080	C1707520
28501443	1087	1097	pinguecula	T047	C0152255
28501443	1099	1109	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28501443	1111	1113	OR	T081	C0028873
28501443	1124	1126	CI	T081	C0009667
28501443	1140	1152	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28501443	1154	1156	OR	T081	C0028873
28501443	1168	1170	CI	T081	C0009667
28501443	1184	1220	high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level	T059	C0392885
28501443	1222	1224	OR	T081	C0028873
28501443	1238	1240	CI	T081	C0009667
28501443	1256	1273	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28501443	1275	1277	OR	T081	C0028873
28501443	1289	1291	CI	T081	C0009667
28501443	1329	1331	OR	T081	C0028873
28501443	1343	1345	CI	T081	C0009667
28501443	1359	1362	MGD	T047	C1275684
28501443	1363	1373	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28501443	1442	1459	Asian populations	T098	C0078988
28501443	1469	1478	HDL level	T059	C0392885
28501443	1480	1483	MGD	T047	C1275684
28501443	1511	1534	ocular surface disorder	T047	C0013238
28501443	1543	1553	pinguecula	T047	C0152255
28501443	1574	1591	systemic diseases	T047	C0442893
28501443	1600	1612	hypertension	T047	C0020538
28501443	1617	1634	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28501443	1706	1709	MGD	T047	C1275684

28501699|t|The AGES-Reykjavik study atlases: Non-linear multi-spectral template and atlases for studies of the ageing brain
28501699|a|Quantitative analyses of brain structures from Magnetic Resonance (MR) image data are often performed using automatic segmentation algorithms. Many of these algorithms rely on templates and atlases in a common coordinate space. Most freely available brain atlases are generated from relatively young individuals and not always derived from well-defined cohort studies. In this paper, we introduce a publicly available multi-spectral template with corresponding tissue probability atlases and regional atlases, optimised to use in studies of ageing cohorts (mean age 75 ± 5 years). Furthermore, we provide validation data from a regional segmentation pipeline to assure the integrity of the dataset.
28501699	4	32	AGES-Reykjavik study atlases	T073,T170	C0004171
28501699	34	44	Non-linear	T077	C0206165
28501699	45	68	multi-spectral template	T078	C1705542
28501699	73	80	atlases	T073,T170	C0004171
28501699	85	92	studies	T062	C2603343
28501699	100	106	ageing	T040	C0001811
28501699	107	112	brain	T023	C0006104
28501699	113	134	Quantitative analyses	T081	C0034384
28501699	138	143	brain	T023	C0006104
28501699	144	154	structures	T082	C0678594
28501699	160	178	Magnetic Resonance	T060	C0024485
28501699	180	182	MR	T060	C0024485
28501699	184	189	image	T060	C0024485
28501699	190	194	data	T078	C1511726
28501699	221	230	automatic	T169	C0205554
28501699	231	243	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28501699	244	254	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28501699	270	280	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28501699	289	298	templates	T078	C1705542
28501699	303	310	atlases	T073,T170	C0004171
28501699	323	339	coordinate space	T170	C1183514
28501699	346	352	freely	T080	C1996904
28501699	353	362	available	T169	C0470187
28501699	363	368	brain	T023	C0006104
28501699	369	376	atlases	T073,T170	C0004171
28501699	407	412	young	T079	C0332239
28501699	413	424	individuals	T098	C0027361
28501699	466	480	cohort studies	T081	C0009247
28501699	512	520	publicly	T092	C0678367
28501699	521	530	available	T169	C0470187
28501699	531	554	multi-spectral template	T078	C1705542
28501699	574	580	tissue	T024	C0040300
28501699	581	592	probability	T081	C0033204
28501699	593	600	atlases	T073,T170	C0004171
28501699	605	613	regional	T082	C0205147
28501699	614	621	atlases	T073,T170	C0004171
28501699	623	632	optimised	T052	C2698650
28501699	643	650	studies	T062	C2603343
28501699	654	660	ageing	T040	C0001811
28501699	661	668	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28501699	718	728	validation	T062	C1519941
28501699	729	733	data	T078	C1511726
28501699	741	749	regional	T082	C0205147
28501699	750	762	segmentation	T066	C2697664
28501699	786	795	integrity	T080	C1947912
28501699	803	810	dataset	T170	C0150098

28501764|t|Open-label, multicentre safety study of vemurafenib in 3219 patients with BRAF(V600) mutation - positive metastatic melanoma: 2-year follow-up data and long-term responders' analysis
28501764|a|The orally available BRAF kinase inhibitor vemurafenib is an effective and tolerable treatment option for patients with metastatic melanoma harbouring BRAF(V600) mutations. We assessed the safety of vemurafenib in a large population of patients with few alternative treatment options; we report updated 2-year safety. This was an open-label, multicentre study of vemurafenib (960 mg bid) in patients with previously treated or untreated BRAF mutation - positive metastatic melanoma (cobas(®) 4800 BRAF V600 Mutation Test). The primary end-point was safety; efficacy end-points were secondary. An exploratory analysis was performed to assess safety outcomes in patients with long duration of response (DOR) (≥12 or ≥24 months). After a median follow-up of 32.2 months (95% CI, 31.1-33.2 months), 3079/3219 patients (96%) had discontinued treatment. Adverse events (AEs) were largely consistent with previous reports; the most common all-grade treatment -related AEs were arthralgia (37%), alopecia (25%) and hyperkeratosis (23%); the most common grade 3/4 treatment -related AEs were squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (8%) and keratoacanthoma (8%). In the exploratory analysis, patients with DOR ≥12 months (n = 287) or ≥24 months (n = 133) were more likely to experience grade 3/4 AEs than the overall population. No new specific safety signals were observed with longer vemurafenib exposure. After 2 years' follow-up, safety was maintained in this large group of patients with BRAF(V600) mutation - positive metastatic melanoma who are more representative of routine clinical practice than typical clinical trial populations. These data suggest that long-term vemurafenib treatment is effective and tolerable without the development of new safety signals.
28501764	0	36	Open-label, multicentre safety study	T062	C1709323
28501764	40	51	vemurafenib	T109,T121	C3192263
28501764	60	68	patients	T101	C0030705
28501764	74	93	BRAF(V600) mutation	T049	C3811884
28501764	96	104	positive	T033	C1514241
28501764	105	124	metastatic melanoma	T191	C0278883
28501764	133	142	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28501764	143	147	data	T078	C1511726
28501764	152	161	long-term	T079	C0443252
28501764	162	182	responders' analysis	T062	C0936012
28501764	187	193	orally	T082	C0442027
28501764	204	225	BRAF kinase inhibitor	T116,T121	C3838813
28501764	226	237	vemurafenib	T109,T121	C3192263
28501764	244	253	effective	T080	C1704419
28501764	258	267	tolerable	T080	C4053931
28501764	268	284	treatment option	T061	C0683525
28501764	289	297	patients	T101	C0030705
28501764	303	322	metastatic melanoma	T191	C0278883
28501764	334	354	BRAF(V600) mutations	T049	C3811884
28501764	359	367	assessed	T052	C1516048
28501764	372	378	safety	T080	C0678800
28501764	382	393	vemurafenib	T109,T121	C3192263
28501764	399	404	large	T081	C0549177
28501764	405	415	population	T098	C1257890
28501764	419	427	patients	T101	C0030705
28501764	437	448	alternative	T077	C1523987
28501764	449	466	treatment options	T061	C0683525
28501764	493	499	safety	T080	C0678800
28501764	513	542	open-label, multicentre study	T062	C1709323
28501764	546	557	vemurafenib	T109,T121	C3192263
28501764	574	582	patients	T101	C0030705
28501764	599	606	treated	T169	C1522326
28501764	610	619	untreated	T033	C0332155
28501764	620	633	BRAF mutation	T049	C3811884
28501764	636	644	positive	T033	C1514241
28501764	645	664	metastatic melanoma	T191	C0278883
28501764	666	679	cobas(®) 4800	T074	C0025080
28501764	680	703	BRAF V600 Mutation Test	T059	C1504359
28501764	710	717	primary	T080	C0205225
28501764	718	727	end-point	T080	C2349179
28501764	732	738	safety	T080	C0678800
28501764	749	759	end-points	T080	C2349179
28501764	765	774	secondary	T080	C0175668
28501764	779	799	exploratory analysis	T062	C0936012
28501764	817	823	assess	T058	C0184514
28501764	824	830	safety	T080	C0678800
28501764	831	839	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28501764	843	851	patients	T101	C0030705
28501764	857	861	long	T080	C0205166
28501764	862	882	duration of response	T079	C0237585
28501764	884	887	DOR	T079	C0237585
28501764	901	907	months	T079	C0439231
28501764	918	924	median	T082	C0549183
28501764	925	934	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28501764	943	949	months	T079	C0439231
28501764	969	975	months	T079	C0439231
28501764	988	996	patients	T101	C0030705
28501764	1007	1029	discontinued treatment	T033	C0558681
28501764	1031	1045	Adverse events	T046	C0877248
28501764	1047	1050	AEs	T046	C0877248
28501764	1065	1080	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28501764	1125	1134	treatment	T169	C0039798
28501764	1144	1147	AEs	T046	C0877248
28501764	1153	1163	arthralgia	T184	C0003862
28501764	1171	1179	alopecia	T047	C0002170
28501764	1190	1204	hyperkeratosis	T047	C0870082
28501764	1238	1247	treatment	T169	C0039798
28501764	1257	1260	AEs	T046	C0877248
28501764	1266	1301	squamous cell carcinoma of the skin	T191	C0553723
28501764	1311	1326	keratoacanthoma	T191	C0022572
28501764	1340	1360	exploratory analysis	T062	C0936012
28501764	1362	1370	patients	T101	C0030705
28501764	1376	1379	DOR	T079	C0237585
28501764	1384	1390	months	T079	C0439231
28501764	1408	1414	months	T079	C0439231
28501764	1466	1469	AEs	T046	C0877248
28501764	1479	1486	overall	T080	C1561607
28501764	1487	1497	population	T098	C1257890
28501764	1506	1514	specific	T080	C0205369
28501764	1515	1529	safety signals	T073	C0183301
28501764	1556	1567	vemurafenib	T109,T121	C3192263
28501764	1556	1576	vemurafenib exposure	T033	C0743284
28501764	1593	1602	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28501764	1604	1610	safety	T080	C0678800
28501764	1634	1645	large group	UnknownType	C0679991
28501764	1649	1657	patients	T101	C0030705
28501764	1663	1682	BRAF(V600) mutation	T049	C3811884
28501764	1685	1693	positive	T033	C1514241
28501764	1694	1713	metastatic melanoma	T191	C0278883
28501764	1753	1770	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
28501764	1784	1798	clinical trial	T062	C0008976
28501764	1799	1810	populations	T098	C1257890
28501764	1836	1845	long-term	T079	C0443252
28501764	1846	1857	vemurafenib	T109,T121	C3192263
28501764	1858	1867	treatment	T169	C0039798
28501764	1871	1880	effective	T080	C1704419
28501764	1885	1894	tolerable	T080	C4053931
28501764	1926	1940	safety signals	T073	C0183301

28502074|t|Causes and consequences of mesenteric embolization after endovascular aorto-iliac intervention - a nested case control study
28502074|a|Causes and consequences of mesenteric embolization after endovascular aorto-iliac procedures have not been studied adequately. Consecutive patients with mesenteric embolization after endovascular aorto-iliac intervention between 2011 and 2015 (case - group, n = 9) were investigated and compared with age, gender and procedure - matched random controls (n = 36). Compared to the control group, a higher proportion of patients with mesenteric embolization were current smokers (89% vs. 53%; P = 0.048) and had renal insufficiency at admission (44% vs. 11%; P = 0.019). In patients treated for aorto-iliac occlusive disease, aortic irregularity (shagginess) was more severe (P = 0.015), visceral thrombus volume was larger (P = 0.004) and operation - time was longer (P = 0.009) among the case - group. However, no difference s were found between cases with mesenteric embolization caused by endovascular aortic aneurysm repair versus controls. Myoglobin, arterial blood lactate, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and pancreatic amylase levels were elevated in 100%, 67%, 89%, 89%, 89% and 56% of patients with mesenteric embolization, respectively. Overall in-hospital mortality among cases was 33% (3/9). The in-hospital mortality was 17% (1/6) in patients treated with open abdomen therapy, of whom five were managed with stomas. Smoking cessation, careful patient selection and procedure planning with identification of severe shaggy aortas might prevent mesenteric embolization during aorto-iliac procedures. In suspected cases of mesenteric embolization, elevated myoglobin and arterial blood lactate may be indicative of this complication. Aspartate and alanine aminotranferases, as well as pancreatic amylase, are also relevant tests to assess the extent of organ ischaemia. Damage control with open abdomen therapy and the creation of stomas seem justifiable in order to improve survival in this complex situation.
28502074	0	6	Causes	T078	C0085978
28502074	11	23	consequences	T169	C0686907
28502074	27	50	mesenteric embolization	T047	C0267407
28502074	57	69	endovascular	T029	C0524425
28502074	70	81	aorto-iliac	T023	C1268307
28502074	82	94	intervention	T061	C0184661
28502074	99	124	nested case control study	T062	C0027775
28502074	125	131	Causes	T078	C0085978
28502074	136	148	consequences	T169	C0686907
28502074	152	175	mesenteric embolization	T047	C0267407
28502074	182	194	endovascular	T029	C0524425
28502074	195	206	aorto-iliac	T023	C1268307
28502074	207	217	procedures	T061	C0184661
28502074	232	239	studied	T062	C2603343
28502074	252	263	Consecutive	T080	C1707491
28502074	264	272	patients	T101	C0030705
28502074	278	301	mesenteric embolization	T047	C0267407
28502074	308	320	endovascular	T029	C0524425
28502074	321	332	aorto-iliac	T023	C1268307
28502074	333	345	intervention	T061	C0184661
28502074	369	373	case	T169	C0868928
28502074	376	381	group	T078	C0441833
28502074	395	407	investigated	T169	C1292732
28502074	426	429	age	T032	C0001779
28502074	431	437	gender	T032	C0079399
28502074	442	451	procedure	T169	C2700391
28502074	454	461	matched	T080	C1708943
28502074	462	468	random	T080	C0439605
28502074	469	477	controls	T080	C0243148
28502074	504	517	control group	T096	C0009932
28502074	521	527	higher	T080	C0205250
28502074	528	538	proportion	T081	C1709707
28502074	542	550	patients	T101	C0030705
28502074	556	579	mesenteric embolization	T047	C0267407
28502074	593	600	smokers	T033	C0337664
28502074	634	653	renal insufficiency	T047	C1565489
28502074	657	666	admission	T058	C0809949
28502074	696	704	patients	T101	C0030705
28502074	717	728	aorto-iliac	T023	C1268307
28502074	729	746	occlusive disease	T047	C0003838
28502074	748	754	aortic	T023	C0003483
28502074	755	767	irregularity	T080	C0205271
28502074	790	796	severe	T080	C0205082
28502074	810	818	visceral	T082	C0442045
28502074	819	827	thrombus	T046	C0087086
28502074	828	834	volume	T081	C0449468
28502074	862	871	operation	T061	C0543467
28502074	874	878	time	T079	C0040223
28502074	912	916	case	T169	C0868928
28502074	919	924	group	T078	C0441833
28502074	935	948	no difference	T033	C3842396
28502074	970	975	cases	T169	C0868928
28502074	981	1004	mesenteric embolization	T047	C0267407
28502074	1005	1011	caused	T078	C0085978
28502074	1015	1050	endovascular aortic aneurysm repair	T061	C0918249
28502074	1058	1066	controls	T080	C0243148
28502074	1068	1077	Myoglobin	T116,T123	C0027078
28502074	1079	1101	arterial blood lactate	T109,T121	C1991210
28502074	1103	1129	aspartate aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0004002
28502074	1131	1155	alanine aminotransferase	T116,T126	C0001899
28502074	1160	1178	pancreatic amylase	T116,T126	C0301812
28502074	1179	1185	levels	T080	C0441889
28502074	1239	1247	patients	T101	C0030705
28502074	1253	1276	mesenteric embolization	T047	C0267407
28502074	1300	1321	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28502074	1328	1333	cases	T169	C0868928
28502074	1353	1374	in-hospital mortality	T080	C0085556
28502074	1392	1400	patients	T101	C0030705
28502074	1414	1418	open	T082	C0175566
28502074	1419	1426	abdomen	T029	C0000726
28502074	1427	1434	therapy	T169	C0039798
28502074	1454	1461	managed	T057	C1273870
28502074	1467	1473	stomas	T017	C1955856
28502074	1475	1492	Smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28502074	1502	1519	patient selection	T062	C0242802
28502074	1524	1533	procedure	T169	C2700391
28502074	1534	1542	planning	T169	C1301732
28502074	1548	1562	identification	T080	C0205396
28502074	1566	1572	severe	T080	C0205082
28502074	1580	1586	aortas	T023	C0003483
28502074	1601	1624	mesenteric embolization	T047	C0267407
28502074	1632	1643	aorto-iliac	T023	C1268307
28502074	1644	1654	procedures	T061	C0184661
28502074	1669	1674	cases	T169	C0868928
28502074	1678	1701	mesenteric embolization	T047	C0267407
28502074	1712	1721	myoglobin	T116,T123	C0027078
28502074	1726	1748	arterial blood lactate	T109,T121	C1991210
28502074	1756	1766	indicative	T078	C3146298
28502074	1775	1787	complication	T046	C0009566
28502074	1789	1798	Aspartate	T116,T126	C0004002
28502074	1803	1827	alanine aminotranferases	T116,T126	C0001899
28502074	1840	1858	pancreatic amylase	T116,T126	C0301812
28502074	1878	1883	tests	T169	C0039593
28502074	1887	1893	assess	T052	C1516048
28502074	1898	1904	extent	T082	C0439792
28502074	1908	1913	organ	T023	C0178784
28502074	1914	1923	ischaemia	T046	C0022116
28502074	1925	1931	Damage	T169	C1883709
28502074	1932	1939	control	T080	C0243148
28502074	1945	1949	open	T082	C0175566
28502074	1950	1957	abdomen	T029	C0000726
28502074	1958	1965	therapy	T169	C0039798
28502074	1974	1982	creation	T061	C0441513
28502074	1986	1992	stomas	T017	C1955856
28502074	2022	2029	improve	T033	C0184511
28502074	2030	2038	survival	T052	C0038952
28502074	2047	2054	complex	T080	C0439855

28502652|t|Comparative and evolutionary analysis of an adapter molecule MyD88 in invertebrate metazoans
28502652|a|The myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is an essential adapter in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling pathways, with TLR the first pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) that was discovered in Drosophila. In the present study, a MyD88 gene was identified and characterized from a commercially important shellfish, Scapharca subcrenata, including a DEATH domain and TIR domain conserved within other molluscs. Furthermore, comparative genomic evidence revealed that MyD88 was of different lengths and contained quantitative exon and intron regions, which might be involved in specific mechanisms. To further explore the phylogenetic relationships of invertebrate metazoan MyD88, we applied MrBayes and PhyML software to construct phylogenetic trees using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches, respectively, which suggested that the MyD88 of Arthropoda was closely related to lower invertebrates, in contrast to morphological taxonomy. Finally, we investigated the evolutionary patterns and location of positive selection sites (PSSs) in the MyD88 gene from Arthropoda, Mollusca and Insecta using PAML software with the maximum likelihood method. The data showed that positive selection sites were detected in these groups, and partial sites were located in the TIR domain but were not found in the DEATH domain. To summarize, in this study, we report on the diversification of MyD88 in invertebrate metazoans, the specific evolutionary position of Arthropoda MyD88, and the positive selection pressures on MyD88 of Arthropoda, Mollusca and Insecta. These results are a valuable contribution to understand and clarify the evolutionary pattern of TLR / MyD88 signalling pathways in invertebrate and vertebrate taxa.
28502652	0	11	Comparative	T062	C0683941
28502652	16	37	evolutionary analysis	T062	C0936012
28502652	44	66	adapter molecule MyD88	T028	C1417530
28502652	70	82	invertebrate	T204	C0021948
28502652	83	92	metazoans	T204	C2713498
28502652	97	130	myeloid differentiation factor 88	T028	C1417530
28502652	132	137	MyD88	T028	C1417530
28502652	166	184	Toll-like receptor	T116,T192	C0670896
28502652	186	189	TLR	T116,T192	C0670896
28502652	191	210	signalling pathways	T043	C0037083
28502652	217	220	TLR	T116,T192	C0670896
28502652	231	259	pattern-recognition receptor	T116,T129,T192	C1564907
28502652	261	264	PRR	T116,T129,T192	C1564907
28502652	289	299	Drosophila	T204	C0013138
28502652	316	321	study	T062	C2603343
28502652	325	335	MyD88 gene	T028	C1417530
28502652	340	350	identified	T080	C0205396
28502652	355	368	characterized	T052	C1880022
28502652	399	408	shellfish	T204	C1304606
28502652	410	430	Scapharca subcrenata	T204	C3346701
28502652	444	456	DEATH domain	T087	C1511738
28502652	461	471	TIR domain	T082	C1956034
28502652	495	503	molluscs	T204	C0026391
28502652	518	546	comparative genomic evidence	T063	C0796358
28502652	561	566	MyD88	T028	C1417530
28502652	574	583	different	T080	C1705242
28502652	584	591	lengths	T081	C1444754
28502652	606	618	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28502652	619	623	exon	T114,T123	C0015295
28502652	628	642	intron regions	T114,T123	C0021920
28502652	671	690	specific mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28502652	715	741	phylogenetic relationships	T062	C1519068
28502652	745	757	invertebrate	T204	C0021948
28502652	758	766	metazoan	T204	C2713498
28502652	767	772	MyD88	T028	C1417530
28502652	785	811	MrBayes and PhyML software	T170	C0037589
28502652	815	824	construct	T185	C2827421
28502652	825	843	phylogenetic trees	T080	C1519069
28502652	850	858	Bayesian	T081	C0242196
28502652	863	892	maximum likelihood approaches	T081,T170	C0024970
28502652	933	938	MyD88	T028	C1417530
28502652	942	952	Arthropoda	T204	C0003903
28502652	976	981	lower	T080	C0205251
28502652	982	995	invertebrates	T204	C0021948
28502652	1000	1008	contrast	T080	C1979874
28502652	1012	1025	morphological	T082	C0543482
28502652	1026	1034	taxonomy	T090	C0087066
28502652	1048	1060	investigated	T169	C1292732
28502652	1065	1086	evolutionary patterns	T045	C0015219
28502652	1103	1127	positive selection sites	T028	C0678933
28502652	1129	1133	PSSs	T028	C0678933
28502652	1142	1152	MyD88 gene	T028	C1417530
28502652	1158	1168	Arthropoda	T204	C0003903
28502652	1170	1178	Mollusca	T204	C0026391
28502652	1183	1190	Insecta	T204	C0021585
28502652	1197	1210	PAML software	T170	C0037589
28502652	1220	1245	maximum likelihood method	T170	C0025663
28502652	1251	1255	data	T078	C1511726
28502652	1268	1292	positive selection sites	T028	C0678933
28502652	1298	1306	detected	T033	C0442726
28502652	1316	1322	groups	T098	C1257890
28502652	1328	1341	partial sites	T087	C0002518
28502652	1362	1372	TIR domain	T082	C1956034
28502652	1382	1391	not found	T033	C0442737
28502652	1399	1411	DEATH domain	T087	C1511738
28502652	1435	1440	study	T062	C2603343
28502652	1459	1474	diversification	T057	C0680948
28502652	1478	1483	MyD88	T028	C1417530
28502652	1487	1499	invertebrate	T204	C0021948
28502652	1500	1509	metazoans	T204	C2713498
28502652	1515	1523	specific	T080	C0205369
28502652	1524	1545	evolutionary position	T045	C0015219
28502652	1549	1559	Arthropoda	T204	C0003903
28502652	1560	1565	MyD88	T028	C1417530
28502652	1575	1583	positive	T033	C1446409
28502652	1584	1603	selection pressures	T045	C0036576
28502652	1607	1612	MyD88	T028	C1417530
28502652	1616	1626	Arthropoda	T204	C0003903
28502652	1628	1636	Mollusca	T204	C0026391
28502652	1641	1648	Insecta	T204	C0021585
28502652	1656	1663	results	T169	C1274040
28502652	1670	1691	valuable contribution	T052	C1880177
28502652	1710	1717	clarify	T052	C2986669
28502652	1722	1742	evolutionary pattern	T045	C0015219
28502652	1746	1749	TLR	T116,T192	C0670896
28502652	1752	1757	MyD88	T028	C1417530
28502652	1758	1777	signalling pathways	T043	C0037083
28502652	1781	1793	invertebrate	T204	C0021948
28502652	1798	1813	vertebrate taxa	T010	C0042567

28502812|t|Collecting and Reporting Safety Data and Monitoring Trial Conduct In Pragmatic Trials
28502812|a|Pragmatic trials offer the opportunity to obtain real-life data on the relative effectiveness and safety of a treatment before or after market authorisation. This is the penultimate paper in a series of eight, describing the impact of design choices on the practical implementation of pragmatic trials. This paper focuses on the practical challenges of collecting and reporting safety data and of monitoring trial conduct while maintaining routine clinical care practice. Current ICH guidance recommends that, all serious adverse events (SAEs) and all drug -related events must be reported in an interventional trial. In line with current guidance, we propose a risk based approach to the collection of non - drug related non-serious AEs, and even serious events not related to treatment based on the risk profile of the medicine /class in the patient population of interest. Different options available to support the collection and reporting of safety data whilst minimizing study -related follow-up visits are discussed. A risk -based approach to monitoring trial conduct is also discussed, highlighting the difference in the balance of risks likely to occur in a pragmatic trial compared to traditional clinical trials, and the careful consideration that must be given to the mitigation and management of these risks in order to maintain routine care.
28502812	0	10	Collecting	T062	C0010995
28502812	15	36	Reporting Safety Data	T062	C0011000
28502812	41	65	Monitoring Trial Conduct	T062	C1516647
28502812	69	85	Pragmatic Trials	T062,T170	C3658215
28502812	86	102	Pragmatic trials	T062,T170	C3658215
28502812	113	124	opportunity	T062	C0683937
28502812	135	144	real-life	T078	C0376558
28502812	145	149	data	T078	C1511726
28502812	166	179	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28502812	184	190	safety	T068	C0036043
28502812	196	205	treatment	T061	C0087111
28502812	222	242	market authorisation	T064	C2981648
28502812	256	273	penultimate paper	T078	C1547566
28502812	321	327	design	T090	C0013171
28502812	328	335	choices	T052	C1707391
28502812	353	367	implementation	T052	C1708476
28502812	371	387	pragmatic trials	T062,T170	C3658215
28502812	394	399	paper	T078	C1547566
28502812	439	449	collecting	T062	C0010995
28502812	454	475	reporting safety data	T062	C0011000
28502812	483	507	monitoring trial conduct	T062	C1516647
28502812	534	556	clinical care practice	T061	C0695275
28502812	566	569	ICH	T170	C0282574
28502812	600	622	serious adverse events	T033	C1519255
28502812	624	628	SAEs	T033	C1519255
28502812	638	642	drug	T121	C1254351
28502812	682	696	interventional	T061	C0184661
28502812	697	702	trial	T062	C0008976
28502812	748	752	risk	T078	C0035647
28502812	759	767	approach	T082	C0449445
28502812	775	785	collection	T062	C0010995
28502812	789	792	non	T033	C1513916
28502812	795	799	drug	T121	C1254351
28502812	808	823	non-serious AEs	T033	C1518404
28502812	834	848	serious events	T080	C2826307
28502812	864	873	treatment	T061	C0087111
28502812	887	891	risk	T078	C0035647
28502812	892	899	profile	T169	C2003903
28502812	907	915	medicine	T121	C0013227
28502812	930	937	patient	T101	C0030705
28502812	938	948	population	T098	C1257890
28502812	1005	1015	collection	T062	C0010995
28502812	1020	1044	reporting of safety data	T062	C0011000
28502812	1063	1068	study	T062	C2603343
28502812	1078	1094	follow-up visits	T058	C0589121
28502812	1112	1116	risk	T078	C0035647
28502812	1124	1132	approach	T082	C0449445
28502812	1136	1160	monitoring trial conduct	T062	C1516647
28502812	1226	1231	risks	T078	C0035647
28502812	1253	1268	pragmatic trial	T062,T170	C3658215
28502812	1293	1308	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28502812	1366	1376	mitigation	T067	C1553901
28502812	1381	1406	management of these risks	T058	C0035649
28502812	1436	1440	care	T052	C1947933

28503387|t|Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome Associated with Pituitary Macroadenoma: A Case Report
28503387|a|Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RSTS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that is classically characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth restriction, microcephaly, dysmorphic craniofacial features, broad thumbs and toes, and intellectual disability. We describe the first reported case of a pituitary macroadenoma associated with RSTS. A 39-year-old Caucasian female with a past medical history of RSTS diagnosed at age two was found to have a gadolinium -enhancing pituitary mass on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain three years ago during workup for migraine-like headaches. Subsequent serial imaging showed radiographic evidence of growth up to 11.5 x 14.0 x 10.0 mm in size. The pituitary sellar lesion was resected through an endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal approach and was found to be a thyrotroph adenoma. RSTS is a rare, neurodevelopmental genetic disease where most patients with disabilities survive into adulthood. The disorder is associated with an increased predisposition for development of nervous system tumors, including pituitary adenomas.
28503387	0	25	Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome	T047	C0035934
28503387	26	41	Associated with	T080	C0332281
28503387	42	64	Pituitary Macroadenoma	T191	C0346308
28503387	68	79	Case Report	T170	C0085973
28503387	80	105	Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome	T047	C0035934
28503387	107	111	RSTS	T047	C0035934
28503387	119	146	autosomal dominant disorder	T047	C3899989
28503387	167	180	characterized	T052	C1880022
28503387	184	192	prenatal	T079	C2828394
28503387	197	206	postnatal	T079	C0443281
28503387	207	225	growth restriction	T046	C0151686
28503387	227	239	microcephaly	T019	C0025958
28503387	241	273	dysmorphic craniofacial features	T019	C0432072
28503387	275	287	broad thumbs	T033	C0426891
28503387	292	296	toes	T033	C1865038
28503387	302	325	intellectual disability	T048	C3714756
28503387	368	390	pituitary macroadenoma	T191	C0346308
28503387	391	406	associated with	T080	C0332281
28503387	407	411	RSTS	T047	C0035934
28503387	427	436	Caucasian	T098	C0043157
28503387	437	443	female	T098	C0043210
28503387	451	471	past medical history	T033	C0455458
28503387	475	479	RSTS	T047	C0035934
28503387	480	489	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28503387	493	496	age	T032	C0001779
28503387	521	531	gadolinium	T130,T196	C0016911
28503387	543	557	pituitary mass	T190	C0342419
28503387	561	587	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28503387	589	592	MRI	T060	C0024485
28503387	601	606	brain	T023	C0006104
28503387	613	618	years	T079	C0439234
28503387	641	664	migraine-like headaches	T184	C0018681
28503387	684	691	imaging	T060	C0011923
28503387	699	720	radiographic evidence	T078	C3887511
28503387	724	730	growth	T040	C0018270
28503387	762	766	size	T082	C0456389
28503387	772	781	pituitary	T023	C0032005
28503387	782	795	sellar lesion	T033	C0221198
28503387	800	808	resected	T061	C0015252
28503387	820	830	endoscopic	T082	C0442418
28503387	831	841	transnasal	T082	C3897344
28503387	842	866	transsphenoidal approach	T082	C0205508
28503387	889	907	thyrotroph adenoma	T191	C0346303
28503387	909	913	RSTS	T047	C0035934
28503387	919	923	rare	T080	C0522498
28503387	925	943	neurodevelopmental	T048	C1535926
28503387	944	959	genetic disease	T047	C0019247
28503387	971	997	patients with disabilities	T101	C0018576
28503387	998	1005	survive	T052	C0038952
28503387	1011	1020	adulthood	T079	C0700597
28503387	1026	1034	disorder	T047	C0012634
28503387	1038	1053	associated with	T080	C0332281
28503387	1057	1066	increased	T081	C0205217
28503387	1067	1081	predisposition	T032	C0220898
28503387	1086	1097	development	T169	C1527148
28503387	1101	1122	nervous system tumors	T191	C0027766
28503387	1134	1152	pituitary adenomas	T191	C0032000

28503431|t|A pilot study of intraocular lens explantation in 69 eyes in Chinese patients
28503431|a|To study the effects of intraocular lens (IOL) explantation and demographic characteristics. Retrospective non-comparative case series. Clinical data recorded from patient charts included the following: demographic, preoperative and postoperative characteristics; complications; surgical methods, and changes in visual acuity. A total of 69 eyes in 67 Chinese patients who received IOL explants were studied. The patients ' mean age at the time of explantation was 46.1 years old [SD 22.5 (6-85)], and 37 patients were female (55.2%). Regarding employment, 47.8% were farmers, 23.9% were retired, 16.4% were students, 4.5% were unemployed, 3% were workers, and 4.5% were other (including staff members, teachers and officers). The main reasons for explantation were dislocation / decentration in 41 cases (59.4%) and retinal detachment in 10 cases (14.5%). The third most prevalent cause was incorrect lens power in 7 eyes (10.1%). The remaining reasons were endophthalmitis in 6 cases (8.7%), posterior capsular opacity in 3 eyes (4.3%), and impacting retinal surgery operation in 2 cases (2.9%). The main comorbidities were high myopia in 18 eyes (26.1%), trauma in 8 eyes (11.6%), retinal detachment in 6 eyes (8.7%), congenital cataracts in 8 eyes (11.6%), and Marfan's syndrome in 2 eyes (2.9%). The mean time from implantation to explantation was 4.0y [SD 4.2 (0.005-15)]. Treatment after explantation included posterior chamber IOL implantation in 44 eyes (63.8%) and aphakia in 25 eyes (36.2%). After surgery, the best corrected visual ability (BCVA) was improved in 50 cases (72.5%), including 28 patients (40.6%) in whom visual ability was improved by more than two lines. Dislocation / decentration is the main cause for explantation, and high myopia is a main risk factor. Posterior chamber IOL implantation remains the most elected treatment after explantation.
28503431	2	13	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28503431	17	46	intraocular lens explantation	T061	C1096279
28503431	53	57	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	61	77	Chinese patients	T101	C0030705
28503431	102	137	intraocular lens (IOL) explantation	T061	C1096279
28503431	142	169	demographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28503431	171	184	Retrospective	T080	C1514923
28503431	185	212	non-comparative case series	T062	C0150093
28503431	214	227	Clinical data	T170	C1516606
28503431	242	256	patient charts	T073	C1268547
28503431	281	292	demographic	T102	C0683970
28503431	294	306	preoperative	T058	C0205908
28503431	311	324	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28503431	325	340	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28503431	342	355	complications	T046	C0009566
28503431	357	373	surgical methods	UnknownType	C0683469
28503431	390	403	visual acuity	T060	C0200150
28503431	419	423	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	430	437	Chinese	T098	C0152035
28503431	438	446	patients	T101	C0030705
28503431	460	472	IOL explants	T061	C1096279
28503431	491	499	patients	T101	C0030705
28503431	507	510	age	T032	C0001779
28503431	518	538	time of explantation	T079	C1254367
28503431	583	603	patients were female	T032	C0150905
28503431	623	633	employment	T080	C0014003
28503431	646	653	farmers	T097	C0221460
28503431	666	673	retired	T097	C4076599
28503431	686	694	students	T098	C0038492
28503431	706	716	unemployed	T033	C0041674
28503431	726	733	workers	T098	C1527116
28503431	766	779	staff members	T097	C1552089
28503431	781	789	teachers	T097	C0221457
28503431	794	802	officers	T078	C1549461
28503431	826	838	explantation	T061	C0561946
28503431	844	855	dislocation	T037	C0012691
28503431	858	870	decentration	T033	C2609312
28503431	895	913	retinal detachment	T047	C0035305
28503431	950	965	prevalent cause	T169	C0015127
28503431	970	990	incorrect lens power	T033	C1627355
28503431	996	1000	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	1037	1052	endophthalmitis	T047	C0014236
28503431	1072	1098	posterior capsular opacity	T047	C1444680
28503431	1104	1108	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	1121	1130	impacting	T080	C4049986
28503431	1131	1156	retinal surgery operation	T061	C0197770
28503431	1185	1198	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28503431	1204	1215	high myopia	T047	C0271183
28503431	1222	1226	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	1236	1242	trauma	T037	C3714660
28503431	1248	1252	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	1262	1280	retinal detachment	T047	C0035305
28503431	1286	1290	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	1299	1319	congenital cataracts	T019	C0009691
28503431	1325	1329	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	1343	1360	Marfan's syndrome	T047	C0024796
28503431	1366	1370	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	1383	1426	mean time from implantation to explantation	T079	C1254367
28503431	1457	1485	Treatment after explantation	T058	C0032786
28503431	1495	1529	posterior chamber IOL implantation	T061	C1298763
28503431	1536	1540	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	1553	1560	aphakia	T190	C0003534
28503431	1567	1571	eyes	T023	C0015392
28503431	1581	1594	After surgery	T033	C0241311
28503431	1600	1629	best corrected visual ability	T033	C1690532
28503431	1631	1635	BCVA	T033	C1690532
28503431	1684	1692	patients	T101	C0030705
28503431	1709	1723	visual ability	T201	C0042812
28503431	1761	1772	Dislocation	T037	C0012691
28503431	1775	1787	decentration	T033	C2609312
28503431	1795	1805	main cause	T169	C0015127
28503431	1810	1822	explantation	T061	C0561946
28503431	1828	1839	high myopia	T047	C0271183
28503431	1845	1861	main risk factor	T033	C0035648
28503431	1863	1897	Posterior chamber IOL implantation	T061	C1298763
28503431	1923	1951	treatment after explantation	T058	C0032786

28503759|t|Evaluation of Weight Change During Carboplatin Therapy in Dogs With Appendicular Osteosarcoma
28503759|a|The prevalence of cancer cachexia in veterinary medicine has not been studied widely, and as of yet, no definitive diagnostic criteria effectively assess this syndrome in veterinary patients. (1) To determine the patterns of weight change in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with amputation and single-agent carboplatin during the course of adjuvant chemotherapy; and (2) to determine whether postoperative weight change is a negative prognostic indicator for survival time in dogs with osteosarcoma. Eighty-eight dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma. Animals were accrued from 3 veterinary teaching hospitals. Retrospective, multi-institutional study. Dogs diagnosed with appendicular osteosarcoma and treated with limb amputation followed by a minimum of 4 doses of single-agent carboplatin were included. Data analyzed in each patient included signalment, tumor site, preoperative serum alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and body weight (kg) at each carboplatin treatment. A slight increase in weight occurred over the course of chemotherapy, but this change was not statistically significant. Weight change did not have a significant effect on survival. Institution, patient sex, and serum ALP activity did not have a significant effect on survival. Weight change was not a prognostic factor in these dogs, and weight loss alone may not be a suitable method of determining cancer cachexia in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.
28503759	0	10	Evaluation	T058	C0220825
28503759	14	27	Weight Change	T033	C0005911
28503759	35	54	Carboplatin Therapy	T061	C2960156
28503759	58	62	Dogs	T015	C1280551
28503759	68	80	Appendicular	T023	C0003617
28503759	81	93	Osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28503759	98	108	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28503759	112	127	cancer cachexia	T191	C1391732
28503759	131	150	veterinary medicine	T091	C0042615
28503759	164	171	studied	T062	C2603343
28503759	209	228	diagnostic criteria	T170	C0679228
28503759	241	247	assess	T058	C0184514
28503759	253	261	syndrome	T047	C0039082
28503759	265	284	veterinary patients	T001	C1705908
28503759	307	315	patterns	T080	C1272746
28503759	319	332	weight change	T033	C0005911
28503759	336	340	dogs	T015	C1280551
28503759	346	358	appendicular	T023	C0003617
28503759	359	371	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28503759	372	379	treated	T169	C1522326
28503759	385	395	amputation	T061	C0002688
28503759	400	424	single-agent carboplatin	T109,T121	C0079083
28503759	436	442	course	T079	C0750729
28503759	446	467	adjuvant chemotherapy	T061	C0085533
28503759	498	511	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28503759	512	525	weight change	T033	C0005911
28503759	531	539	negative	T033	C0205160
28503759	540	560	prognostic indicator	T201	C1514474
28503759	565	578	survival time	T201	C2919552
28503759	582	586	dogs	T015	C1280551
28503759	592	604	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28503759	619	623	dogs	T015	C1280551
28503759	624	633	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28503759	639	651	appendicular	T023	C0003617
28503759	652	664	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28503759	666	673	Animals	T008	C0003062
28503759	694	723	veterinary teaching hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28503759	725	738	Retrospective	T062	C0035363
28503759	740	765	multi-institutional study	T062	C1096776
28503759	767	771	Dogs	T015	C1280551
28503759	772	781	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28503759	787	799	appendicular	T023	C0003617
28503759	800	812	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463
28503759	817	824	treated	T169	C1522326
28503759	830	845	limb amputation	T061	C0002689
28503759	873	878	doses	T081	C0178602
28503759	882	906	single-agent carboplatin	T109,T121	C0079083
28503759	922	926	Data	T078	C1511726
28503759	927	935	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28503759	944	951	patient	T001	C1705908
28503759	961	971	signalment	T080	C0205556
28503759	973	983	tumor site	T082	C0475445
28503759	985	997	preoperative	T079	C0445204
28503759	998	1003	serum	T031	C0229671
28503759	1004	1033	alkaline phosphatase activity	T044	C1149888
28503759	1035	1038	ALP	T044	C1149888
28503759	1045	1056	body weight	T032	C0005910
28503759	1070	1081	carboplatin	T109,T121	C0079083
28503759	1082	1091	treatment	T169	C0039798
28503759	1095	1110	slight increase	T169	C0442805
28503759	1114	1120	weight	T032	C0005910
28503759	1139	1145	course	T079	C0750729
28503759	1149	1161	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28503759	1172	1178	change	T033	C0005911
28503759	1187	1212	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28503759	1214	1227	Weight change	T033	C0005911
28503759	1243	1261	significant effect	T080	C1280500
28503759	1265	1273	survival	T169	C0220921
28503759	1288	1299	patient sex	T032	C0150831
28503759	1305	1310	serum	T031	C0229671
28503759	1311	1323	ALP activity	T044	C1149888
28503759	1339	1357	significant effect	T080	C1280500
28503759	1361	1369	survival	T169	C0220921
28503759	1371	1384	Weight change	T033	C0005911
28503759	1395	1412	prognostic factor	T201	C1514474
28503759	1422	1426	dogs	T015	C1280551
28503759	1432	1443	weight loss	T033	C1262477
28503759	1472	1478	method	T170	C0025663
28503759	1494	1509	cancer cachexia	T191	C1391732
28503759	1513	1517	dogs	T015	C1280551
28503759	1523	1535	appendicular	T023	C0003617
28503759	1536	1548	osteosarcoma	T191	C0029463

28504165|t|Calcium silicate nanowires - An effective alternative for improving mechanical properties of chitosan - hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) copolymer nanocomposites
28504165|a|Nanowires of calcium silicate were successfully synthesized by ultrasonic irradiation process and incorporated into chitosan and hydroxyetheyl methacrylate (HEMA) copolymer matrix by solution blending for efficacious preparation of biodegradable nanocomposites. Remarkable improvement in mechanical properties of the nanocomposites was noticed after micro-tensile analysis. Enlarged surface area and higher aspect ratio of CaSiO3 nanowires were the key factors responsible for such improvement. This was supported by EDS and XRD analysis in terms of proper distribution of nanofiller through the copolymer matrix and corresponding rise in percentage crystallanity respectively. Contact angle and biodegradation studies further clarified that nano - CaSiO3 did not affect the hydrophilicity and general degradation route of chitosan copolymer respectively. This renders the nano - CaSiO3 as an ideal substitute for preparing high performance nanocomposites to be applicable for biomedical applications.
28504165	0	16	Calcium silicate	T121,T197	C0054483
28504165	17	26	nanowires	T073	C1721063
28504165	58	67	improving	T033	C0184511
28504165	68	89	mechanical properties	T081	C0392762
28504165	93	101	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28504165	104	129	hydroxyethyl methacrylate	T109,T122	C0063127
28504165	131	135	HEMA	T109,T122	C0063127
28504165	137	146	copolymer	T104	C0596383
28504165	147	161	nanocomposites	T073	C1721059
28504165	162	171	Nanowires	T073	C1721063
28504165	175	191	calcium silicate	T121,T197	C0054483
28504165	210	221	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28504165	225	247	ultrasonic irradiation	T070	C1456803
28504165	278	286	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28504165	291	317	hydroxyetheyl methacrylate	T109,T122	C0063127
28504165	319	323	HEMA	T109,T122	C0063127
28504165	325	334	copolymer	T104	C0596383
28504165	394	407	biodegradable	T109,T122	C0597998
28504165	408	422	nanocomposites	T073	C1721059
28504165	450	471	mechanical properties	T081	C0392762
28504165	479	493	nanocomposites	T073	C1721059
28504165	512	534	micro-tensile analysis	T059	C0002778
28504165	536	557	Enlarged surface area	T033	C2825141
28504165	585	591	CaSiO3	T130,T131,T197	C0892056
28504165	592	601	nanowires	T073	C1721063
28504165	615	622	factors	T169	C1521761
28504165	679	682	EDS	T059	C2699997
28504165	687	699	XRD analysis	T059	C0043301
28504165	735	745	nanofiller	T073	C0729441
28504165	758	767	copolymer	T104	C0596383
28504165	801	825	percentage crystallanity	T033	C2825141
28504165	840	853	Contact angle	T033	C2825141
28504165	858	872	biodegradation	T070	C0005482
28504165	904	908	nano	T081	C1553036
28504165	911	917	CaSiO3	T130,T131,T197	C0892056
28504165	937	951	hydrophilicity	T080	C0475370
28504165	964	981	degradation route	T169	C0243125
28504165	985	993	chitosan	T109,T121	C0162969
28504165	994	1003	copolymer	T104	C0596383
28504165	1035	1039	nano	T081	C1553036
28504165	1042	1048	CaSiO3	T130,T131,T197	C0892056
28504165	1103	1117	nanocomposites	T073	C1721059
28504165	1139	1162	biomedical applications	T091	C0005539

28504776|t|Insulin -mediated hypoglycaemia secondary to recurrent clear cell renal carcinoma
28504776|a|Renal cell carcinoma has previously been associated with hypoglycaemia in the setting of non-islet cell tumours, caused by a paraneoplastic phenomenon relating to the production of insulin-like growth factor type II. We present a case of recurrent clear cell renal cell carcinoma, leading to an insulin -mediated paraneoplastic phenomenon causing severe recurrent hypoglycaemia. Hypoglycaemina was managed successfully using diazoxide therapy, in conjunction with pazopanib and radiotherapy to reduce tumour burden.
28504776	0	7	Insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28504776	18	31	hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
28504776	32	44	secondary to	T080	C0175668
28504776	45	54	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28504776	55	81	clear cell renal carcinoma	T191	C0279702
28504776	82	102	Renal cell carcinoma	T191	C0007134
28504776	123	138	associated with	T080	C0332281
28504776	139	185	hypoglycaemia in the setting of non-islet cell	T047	C2047711
28504776	186	193	tumours	T191	C0027651
28504776	195	201	caused	T169	C0678227
28504776	207	221	paraneoplastic	T129	C1441055
28504776	222	232	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28504776	249	259	production	T169	C0005572
28504776	263	297	insulin-like growth factor type II	T116,T123	C0021666
28504776	320	329	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28504776	330	361	clear cell renal cell carcinoma	T191	C0279702
28504776	377	384	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28504776	395	409	paraneoplastic	T129	C1441055
28504776	410	420	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28504776	421	428	causing	T169	C0678227
28504776	429	435	severe	T080	C0205082
28504776	436	445	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28504776	446	459	hypoglycaemia	T047	C0020615
28504776	461	475	Hypoglycaemina	T047	C0020615
28504776	507	516	diazoxide	T109,T121	C0012022
28504776	517	524	therapy	T061	C0087111
28504776	529	540	conjunction	T078	C2699427
28504776	546	555	pazopanib	T109,T121	C1831796
28504776	560	572	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28504776	576	582	reduce	T080	C0392756
28504776	583	596	tumour burden	T060	C1449699

28504984|t|Melding a High-Risk Patient for Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device into a Low-Risk Patient
28504984|a|The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) has been used as a predictor of mortality after left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement. However, improvement or worsening of MELD and how those changes affect outcomes is unknown. We performed a retrospective analysis of 244 patients implanted with a continuous flow (CF) LVAD. Patients were dichotomized at admission into low - or high-risk categories using a cutoff of MELD ≥ 19, and they were reclassified at day of implant forming four groups: Group LL (remained low risk), LH (worsened to high risk), HH (remained high risk), and HL (improved to low risk). Patients who improved to a low risk (group HL) had the same 1 year survival as those that remained low risk (group LL; 80% vs. 77%; p = 0.6). However, patients who were initially classified as low risk and worsened to a high risk (group LH) had a survival that was worse than those that were consistently high risk (group HH; 55% vs. 10%; p = 0.01). Model for end-stage liver disease reclassification after adjusting for commonly attributed risk factors remained an independent predictor for mortality, including patients classified as Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) 1 and 2. In conclusion, our MELD score reclassification is an independent and powerful predictor of mortality in patients undergoing LVAD implantation.
28504984	10	19	High-Risk	T098	C0684030
28504984	10	27	High-Risk Patient	T101	C0030705
28504984	32	78	Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device	T074	C0181598
28504984	86	94	Low-Risk	T081	C3538919
28504984	95	102	Patient	T101	C0030705
28504984	107	140	model for end-stage liver disease	T185	C3826979
28504984	142	146	MELD	T185	C3826979
28504984	167	176	predictor	T170	C0683956
28504984	180	189	mortality	T081	C0178686
28504984	196	226	left ventricular assist device	T074	C0181598
28504984	228	232	LVAD	T074	C0181598
28504984	234	243	placement	T058	C1533810
28504984	254	265	improvement	T077	C2986411
28504984	269	278	worsening	T078	C1546960
28504984	282	286	MELD	T185	C3826979
28504984	316	324	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28504984	352	374	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
28504984	382	390	patients	T101	C0030705
28504984	391	400	implanted	T061	C0184961
28504984	408	433	continuous flow (CF) LVAD	T074	C0181598
28504984	435	443	Patients	T101	C0030705
28504984	449	461	dichotomized	T169	C0332849
28504984	465	474	admission	T058	C0184666
28504984	480	483	low	T081	C3538919
28504984	489	509	high-risk categories	T098	C0684030
28504984	518	524	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28504984	528	532	MELD	T185	C3826979
28504984	553	565	reclassified	T080	C0205542
28504984	569	572	day	T079	C0439228
28504984	576	583	implant	T061	C0021107
28504984	597	603	groups	T185	C0008902
28504984	605	610	Group	T185	C0008902
28504984	615	623	remained	T033	C0442739
28504984	624	632	low risk	T081	C3538919
28504984	639	647	worsened	T170	C4084902
28504984	651	660	high risk	T098	C0684030
28504984	667	675	remained	T033	C0442739
28504984	676	685	high risk	T098	C0684030
28504984	696	704	improved	T033	C0184511
28504984	708	716	low risk	T081	C3538919
28504984	719	727	Patients	T101	C0030705
28504984	732	740	improved	T033	C0184511
28504984	746	754	low risk	T081	C3538919
28504984	756	761	group	T185	C0008902
28504984	779	785	1 year	T079	C0439234
28504984	786	794	survival	T201	C2919552
28504984	809	817	remained	T033	C0442739
28504984	818	826	low risk	T081	C3538919
28504984	828	833	group	T185	C0008902
28504984	870	878	patients	T101	C0030705
28504984	898	908	classified	T185	C0008902
28504984	912	920	low risk	T081	C3538919
28504984	925	933	worsened	T170	C4084902
28504984	939	948	high risk	T098	C0684030
28504984	950	955	group	T185	C0008902
28504984	966	974	survival	T081	C0038954
28504984	984	989	worse	T033	C1457868
28504984	1024	1033	high risk	T098	C0684030
28504984	1035	1040	group	T185	C0008902
28504984	1069	1102	Model for end-stage liver disease	T185	C3826979
28504984	1103	1119	reclassification	T185	C0008902
28504984	1160	1172	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28504984	1197	1206	predictor	T170	C0683956
28504984	1211	1220	mortality	T081	C0178686
28504984	1232	1240	patients	T101	C0030705
28504984	1255	1333	Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS)	T170	C0034975
28504984	1334	1335	1	T185	C0008902
28504984	1340	1341	2	T185	C0008902
28504984	1362	1366	MELD	T185	C3826979
28504984	1362	1372	MELD score	T170	C1718072
28504984	1373	1389	reclassification	T185	C0008902
28504984	1421	1430	predictor	T170	C0683956
28504984	1434	1443	mortality	T081	C0178686
28504984	1447	1455	patients	T101	C0030705
28504984	1467	1484	LVAD implantation	T061	C0397130

28505177|t|The clinico- radiological paradox of cognitive function and MRI burden of white matter lesions in people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
28505177|a|Moderate correlation exists between the imaging quantification of brain white matter lesions and cognitive performance in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). This may reflect the greater importance of other features, including subvisible pathology, or methodological limitations of the primary literature. To summarise the cognitive clinico- radiological paradox and explore the potential methodological factors that could influence the assessment of this relationship. Systematic review and meta-analysis of primary research relating cognitive function to white matter lesion burden. Fifty papers met eligibility criteria for review, and meta-analysis of overall results was possible in thirty-two (2050 participants). Aggregate correlation between cognition and T2 lesion burden was r = -0.30 (95% confidence interval: -0.34, -0.26). Wide methodological variability was seen, particularly related to key factors in the cognitive data capture and image analysis techniques. Resolving the persistent clinico- radiological paradox will likely require simultaneous evaluation of multiple components of the complex pathology using optimum measurement techniques for both cognitive and MRI feature quantification. We recommend a consensus initiative to support common standards for image analysis in MS, enabling benchmarking while also supporting ongoing innovation.
28505177	13	25	radiological	T091	C0039431
28505177	26	33	paradox	T033	C0221733
28505177	37	55	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
28505177	60	63	MRI	T060	C0024485
28505177	64	70	burden	T078	C2828008
28505177	74	86	white matter	T024	C0682708
28505177	87	94	lesions	T033	C0221198
28505177	98	104	people	T098	C0027361
28505177	110	128	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
28505177	132	149	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28505177	154	167	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
28505177	168	176	Moderate	T080	C0205081
28505177	177	188	correlation	T080	C1707520
28505177	208	230	imaging quantification	T052	C2984008
28505177	234	239	brain	T023	C0006104
28505177	240	252	white matter	T024	C0682708
28505177	253	260	lesions	T033	C0221198
28505177	265	274	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28505177	275	286	performance	T055	C0597198
28505177	290	296	people	T098	C0027361
28505177	302	320	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
28505177	322	324	MS	T047	C0026769
28505177	376	384	features	T080	C2348519
28505177	407	416	pathology	T091	C0030664
28505177	421	435	methodological	T078	C3266812
28505177	436	447	limitations	T169	C0449295
28505177	455	462	primary	T080	C0205225
28505177	463	473	literature	T170	C0023866
28505177	492	501	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28505177	511	523	radiological	T091	C0039431
28505177	524	531	paradox	T033	C0221733
28505177	548	557	potential	T080	C3245505
28505177	558	572	methodological	T078	C3266812
28505177	573	580	factors	T169	C1521761
28505177	606	616	assessment	T052	C1516048
28505177	625	637	relationship	T080	C0439849
28505177	639	656	Systematic review	T170	C1955832
28505177	661	674	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
28505177	678	685	primary	T080	C0205225
28505177	686	694	research	T062	C0035168
28505177	704	722	cognitive function	T041	C0392335
28505177	726	738	white matter	T024	C0682708
28505177	739	745	lesion	T033	C0221198
28505177	746	752	burden	T078	C2828008
28505177	760	766	papers	T073	C0030351
28505177	771	791	eligibility criteria	T080	C1512693
28505177	796	802	review	T170	C0282443
28505177	808	821	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
28505177	833	840	results	T169	C1274040
28505177	874	886	participants	T098	C0679646
28505177	889	898	Aggregate	T080	C0205418
28505177	899	910	correlation	T080	C1707520
28505177	919	928	cognition	T041	C0009240
28505177	933	935	T2	T033	C0475373
28505177	936	942	lesion	T033	C0221198
28505177	943	949	burden	T078	C2828008
28505177	969	988	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28505177	1010	1024	methodological	T078	C3266812
28505177	1025	1036	variability	T077	C2827666
28505177	1075	1082	factors	T169	C1521761
28505177	1090	1099	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28505177	1100	1104	data	T078	C1511726
28505177	1117	1142	image analysis techniques	T059	C0200765
28505177	1178	1190	radiological	T091	C0039431
28505177	1191	1198	paradox	T033	C0221733
28505177	1232	1242	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28505177	1246	1254	multiple	T081	C0439064
28505177	1255	1265	components	T077	C1705248
28505177	1273	1280	complex	T080	C0439855
28505177	1281	1290	pathology	T091	C0030664
28505177	1297	1304	optimum	T080	C2698651
28505177	1305	1316	measurement	T169	C0242485
28505177	1317	1327	techniques	T169	C0449851
28505177	1337	1346	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28505177	1351	1354	MRI	T060	C0024485
28505177	1355	1362	feature	T080	C2348519
28505177	1363	1377	quantification	T081	C1709793
28505177	1394	1403	consensus	T054	C0376298
28505177	1433	1442	standards	T080	C1442989
28505177	1447	1461	image analysis	T059	C0200765
28505177	1465	1467	MS	T047	C0026769
28505177	1478	1490	benchmarking	T081	C0525063
28505177	1521	1531	innovation	T170	C0683888

28505339|t|LabRS: A Rosetta stone for retrospective standardization of clinical laboratory test results
28505339|a|Clinical laboratories in the United States do not have an explicit result standard to report the 7 billion laboratory tests results they produce each year. The absence of standardized test results creates inefficiencies and ambiguities for secondary data users. We developed and tested a tool to standardize the results of laboratory tests in a large, multicenter clinical data warehouse. Laboratory records, each of which consisted of a laboratory result and a test identifier, from 27 diverse facilities were captured from 2000 through 2015. Each record underwent a standardization process to convert the original result into a format amenable to secondary data analysis. The standardization process included the correction of typos, normalization of categorical result s, separation of inequalities from numbers, and conversion of numbers represented by words (eg, "million") to numerals. Quality control included expert review. We obtained 1.266 × 10 9 laboratory records and standardized 1.252 × 10 9 records (98.9%). Of the unique unstandardized records (78.887 × 10 3), most appeared <5 times (96%, eg, typos), did not have a test identifier (47%), or belonged to an esoteric test with <100 results (2%). Overall, these 3 reasons accounted for nearly all unstandardized results (98%). Current results suggest that the tool is both scalable and generalizable among diverse clinical laboratories. Based on observed trends, the tool will require ongoing maintenance to stay current with new tests and result formats. Future work to develop and implement an explicit standard for test results would reduce the need to retrospective ly standardize test results.
28505339	0	5	LabRS	T170	C0037589
28505339	7	22	A Rosetta stone	T170	C0037589
28505339	27	40	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28505339	41	56	standardization	T062	C0038136
28505339	60	92	clinical laboratory test results	T034	C0456984
28505339	93	114	Clinical laboratories	T073	C1882331
28505339	122	135	United States	T083	C0041703
28505339	151	159	explicit	T080	C2963144
28505339	160	166	result	T034	C0456984
28505339	167	175	standard	T080	C1442989
28505339	167	175	standard	T080	C1442989
28505339	179	185	report	T058	C0700287
28505339	200	224	laboratory tests results	T034	C0456984
28505339	230	237	produce	T067	C1522240
28505339	253	260	absence	T169	C0332197
28505339	264	281	standardized test	T170	C0237892
28505339	282	289	results	T034	C0456984
28505339	290	297	creates	T052	C1706214
28505339	298	312	inefficiencies	T033	C0231184
28505339	317	328	ambiguities	T080	C2346729
28505339	333	342	secondary	T080	C0175668
28505339	343	347	data	T078	C1511726
28505339	348	353	users	T098	C1706077
28505339	358	367	developed	T169	C1527148
28505339	372	378	tested	T169	C0039593
28505339	381	385	tool	T170	C0037589
28505339	389	400	standardize	T062	C0038136
28505339	405	432	results of laboratory tests	T034	C0456984
28505339	438	443	large	T081	C0549177
28505339	445	470	multicenter clinical data	T170	C1516606
28505339	471	480	warehouse	T073	C0442627
28505339	482	500	Laboratory records	T170	C4082310
28505339	531	548	laboratory result	T034	C0456984
28505339	555	570	test identifier	T170	C2826900
28505339	580	587	diverse	T080	C1880371
28505339	588	598	facilities	T073	C1547538
28505339	604	612	captured	T033	C3669169
28505339	642	648	record	T170	C0034869
28505339	661	676	standardization	T062	C0038136
28505339	677	684	process	T067	C1522240
28505339	688	695	convert	T169	C0439836
28505339	700	708	original	T078	C0205313
28505339	709	715	result	T034	C0456984
28505339	723	729	format	T170	C1301627
28505339	730	738	amenable	T080	C3900053
28505339	742	751	secondary	T080	C0175668
28505339	752	756	data	T078	C1511726
28505339	757	765	analysis	T062	C0936012
28505339	771	786	standardization	T062	C0038136
28505339	787	794	process	T067	C1522240
28505339	795	803	included	T052	C2700399
28505339	808	818	correction	T169	C1947976
28505339	822	827	typos	T080	C0743559
28505339	829	842	normalization	T062	C1882115
28505339	846	857	categorical	T080	C2963144
28505339	858	864	result	T034	C0456984
28505339	868	878	separation	T080	C0443299
28505339	882	894	inequalities	T080	C0242503
28505339	900	907	numbers	T081	C0237753
28505339	913	923	conversion	T169	C0439836
28505339	927	934	numbers	T081	C0237753
28505339	950	955	words	T170	C0042926
28505339	975	984	numerals.	T081	C0237753
28505339	985	1000	Quality control	T169	C0034378
28505339	1001	1009	included	T052	C2700399
28505339	1010	1016	expert	T073,T170	C0015324
28505339	1017	1023	review	T170	C0282443
28505339	1028	1036	obtained	T169	C1301820
28505339	1050	1068	laboratory records	T170	C4082310
28505339	1073	1085	standardized	T170	C0237892
28505339	1099	1106	records	T170	C0034869
28505339	1123	1129	unique	T080	C1710548
28505339	1130	1144	unstandardized	T033	C0243095
28505339	1145	1152	records	T170	C0034869
28505339	1170	1174	most	T081	C0205393
28505339	1175	1183	appeared	T080	C0700364
28505339	1187	1192	times	T081	C1632851
28505339	1203	1208	typos	T080	C0743559
28505339	1226	1241	test identifier	T170	C2826900
28505339	1267	1275	esoteric	T080	C0332218
28505339	1276	1280	test	T059	C0022885
28505339	1291	1298	results	T034	C0456984
28505339	1305	1312	Overall	T080	C1561607
28505339	1322	1329	reasons	T078	C0392360
28505339	1330	1339	accounted	T052	C2986669
28505339	1355	1369	unstandardized	T033	C0243095
28505339	1370	1377	results	T034	C0456984
28505339	1385	1392	Current	T079	C0521116
28505339	1393	1400	results	T034	C0456984
28505339	1418	1422	tool	T170	C0037589
28505339	1431	1439	scalable	T169	C0205245
28505339	1444	1457	generalizable	T082	C0205246
28505339	1464	1471	diverse	T080	C1880371
28505339	1472	1493	clinical laboratories	T073	C1882331
28505339	1495	1500	Based	T169	C1527178
28505339	1504	1512	observed	T169	C1441672
28505339	1525	1529	tool	T170	C0037589
28505339	1535	1542	require	T169	C1514873
28505339	1543	1550	ongoing	T078	C0549178
28505339	1551	1562	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28505339	1571	1578	current	T079	C0521116
28505339	1588	1593	tests	T059	C0022885
28505339	1598	1604	result	T034	C0456984
28505339	1605	1612	formats	T170	C1301627
28505339	1614	1620	Future	T079	C0016884
28505339	1621	1625	work	T057	C0043227
28505339	1629	1636	develop	T169	C1527148
28505339	1641	1650	implement	T052	C1708476
28505339	1654	1662	explicit	T080	C2963144
28505339	1663	1671	standard	T080	C1442989
28505339	1676	1688	test results	T034	C0456984
28505339	1695	1701	reduce	T080	C0392756
28505339	1706	1710	need	T080	C0027552
28505339	1714	1727	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28505339	1731	1747	standardize test	T170	C0237892
28505339	1748	1755	results	T034	C0456984

28505472|t|Improvement of older - person - specific QOL after hearing aid fitting and its relation to social interaction
28505472|a|This study aimed to investigate whether hearing aids use is associated with improvement of older - person - specific QOL and whether social interactions modify the association. The WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire was answered by 105 older adults aged 60 to 90 years who were newly fitted hearing aids on the day of fitting and at 2 - 6 months afterward. The associations between the daily hours of hearing aid usage and social relations with changes in the WHOQOL-OLD total score after hearing aids fitting were estimated adjusting for possible confounders. Older persons with hearing loss experienced significant increases in WHOQOL-OLD total score after hearing aid fitting. Regular use of hearing aid was associated with a greater increase in the total score. The combined categorical variable of social relations and hearing aid usage revealed no separate effects of these two variables, but a combined effect; only those with frequent social interactions who used their hearing aid regularly had a significantly greater increase in WHOQOL-OLD total score. This study's findings indicate that hearing aid fitting may be associated with a subsequent improvement in older - person - specific QOL by improvements in hearing due to the hearing aid, and possibly enhanced communication opportunities.
28505472	0	11	Improvement	T077	C2986411
28505472	15	20	older	T098	C0001792
28505472	23	29	person	T098	C0027361
28505472	32	40	specific	T080	C0205369
28505472	41	44	QOL	T078	C0034380
28505472	51	62	hearing aid	T074	C0018768
28505472	63	70	fitting	T061	C0185023
28505472	79	87	relation	T080	C0439849
28505472	91	109	social interaction	T033	C0037420
28505472	115	120	study	T062	C2603343
28505472	121	126	aimed	T078	C1947946
28505472	130	141	investigate	T169	C1292732
28505472	150	162	hearing aids	T074	C0018768
28505472	170	185	associated with	T080	C0332281
28505472	186	197	improvement	T077	C2986411
28505472	201	206	older	T098	C0001792
28505472	209	215	person	T098	C0027361
28505472	218	226	specific	T080	C0205369
28505472	227	230	QOL	T078	C0034380
28505472	243	262	social interactions	T033	C0037420
28505472	263	269	modify	T169	C0392747
28505472	274	285	association	T080	C0439849
28505472	291	315	WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28505472	320	328	answered	T170	C1706817
28505472	336	348	older adults	T098	C0001792
28505472	349	353	aged	T032	C0001779
28505472	378	383	newly	T078	C0750546
28505472	384	390	fitted	T061	C0185023
28505472	391	403	hearing aids	T074	C0018768
28505472	418	425	fitting	T061	C0185023
28505472	446	455	afterward	T079	C0205087
28505472	461	473	associations	T080	C0439849
28505472	501	512	hearing aid	T074	C0018768
28505472	513	518	usage	T169	C0457083
28505472	523	539	social relations	UnknownType	C0683633
28505472	545	552	changes	T169	C0392747
28505472	560	570	WHOQOL-OLD	T170	C0034394
28505472	571	582	total score	T081	C2964552
28505472	589	601	hearing aids	T074	C0018768
28505472	602	609	fitting	T061	C0185023
28505472	615	624	estimated	T081	C0750572
28505472	625	634	adjusting	T061	C0849719
28505472	639	647	possible	T033	C0332149
28505472	648	659	confounders	T169	C0009673
28505472	661	666	Older	T098	C0001792
28505472	667	674	persons	T098	C0027361
28505472	680	692	hearing loss	T033	C3887873
28505472	693	704	experienced	T052	C1709305
28505472	705	716	significant	T078	C0750502
28505472	717	726	increases	T169	C0442805
28505472	730	740	WHOQOL-OLD	T170	C0034394
28505472	741	752	total score	T081	C2964552
28505472	759	770	hearing aid	T074	C0018768
28505472	771	778	fitting	T061	C0185023
28505472	780	787	Regular	T080	C0205272
28505472	788	794	use of	T169	C1524063
28505472	795	806	hearing aid	T074	C0018768
28505472	811	826	associated with	T080	C0332281
28505472	829	836	greater	T081	C1704243
28505472	837	845	increase	T169	C0442805
28505472	853	864	total score	T081	C2964552
28505472	870	878	combined	T080	C0205195
28505472	879	890	categorical	T170	C0683312
28505472	891	899	variable	T080	C0439828
28505472	903	919	social relations	UnknownType	C0683633
28505472	924	935	hearing aid	T074	C0018768
28505472	936	941	usage	T169	C0457083
28505472	942	950	revealed	T080	C0443289
28505472	954	962	separate	T080	C0443299
28505472	963	970	effects	T080	C1280500
28505472	984	993	variables	T080	C0439828
28505472	1001	1009	combined	T080	C0205195
28505472	1010	1016	effect	T080	C1280500
28505472	1034	1042	frequent	T079	C0332183
28505472	1043	1062	social interactions	T033	C0037420
28505472	1078	1089	hearing aid	T074	C0018768
28505472	1090	1099	regularly	T080	C0205272
28505472	1106	1119	significantly	T078	C0750502
28505472	1120	1127	greater	T081	C1704243
28505472	1128	1136	increase	T169	C0442805
28505472	1140	1150	WHOQOL-OLD	T170	C0034394
28505472	1151	1162	total score	T081	C2964552
28505472	1169	1176	study's	T062	C2603343
28505472	1177	1185	findings	T169	C2607943
28505472	1186	1194	indicate	T080	C1521902
28505472	1200	1211	hearing aid	T074	C0018768
28505472	1212	1219	fitting	T061	C0185023
28505472	1227	1242	associated with	T080	C0332281
28505472	1245	1255	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28505472	1256	1267	improvement	T077	C2986411
28505472	1271	1276	older	T098	C0001792
28505472	1279	1285	person	T098	C0027361
28505472	1288	1296	specific	T080	C0205369
28505472	1297	1300	QOL	T078	C0034380
28505472	1304	1316	improvements	T077	C2986411
28505472	1320	1327	hearing	T039	C0018767
28505472	1339	1350	hearing aid	T074	C0018768
28505472	1356	1364	possibly	T033	C0332149
28505472	1365	1373	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28505472	1374	1387	communication	T054	C0009452
28505472	1388	1401	opportunities	T080	C0237506

28505487|t|Heroin refusal self-efficacy and preference for medication-assisted treatment after inpatient detoxification
28505487|a|An individual's self-efficacy to refuse using heroin in high-risk situations is believed to minimize the likelihood for relapse. However, among individuals completing inpatient heroin detoxification, perceived refusal self-efficacy may also reduce one's perceived need for medication-assisted treatment (MAT), an effective and recommended treatment for opioid use disorder. In the current study, we examined the relationship between heroin refusal self-efficacy and preference for MAT following inpatient detoxification. Participants (N=397) were interviewed at the start of brief inpatient opioid detoxification. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the adjusted association of background characteristics, depressed mood, and perceived heroin refusal self-efficacy with preference for MAT. Controlling for other covariates, depressed mood and lower perceived refusal self-efficacy were associated with a significantly greater likelihood of expressing preference for MAT (versus no MAT). Perceived ability to refuse heroin after leaving detox is inversely associated with a heroin user's desire for MAT. An effective continuum of care model may benefit from greater attention to patient's perceived refusal self-efficacy during detoxification which may impact preference for MAT and long-term recovery.
28505487	0	6	Heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
28505487	7	14	refusal	T052	C1705116
28505487	15	28	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28505487	33	43	preference	T078	C0558295
28505487	48	67	medication-assisted	T033	C1290954
28505487	68	77	treatment	T061	C0087111
28505487	84	93	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28505487	94	108	detoxification	T061	C0150543
28505487	112	124	individual's	T098	C0237401
28505487	125	138	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28505487	142	148	refuse	T052	C1705116
28505487	155	161	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
28505487	165	174	high-risk	T033	C0332167
28505487	214	224	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28505487	229	236	relapse	T067	C0035020
28505487	253	264	individuals	T098	C0237401
28505487	276	285	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28505487	286	292	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
28505487	293	307	detoxification	T061	C0150543
28505487	309	318	perceived	T041	C0030971
28505487	319	326	refusal	T052	C1705116
28505487	327	340	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28505487	350	356	reduce	T080	C0392756
28505487	363	372	perceived	T041	C0030971
28505487	382	401	medication-assisted	T033	C1290954
28505487	402	411	treatment	T061	C0087111
28505487	413	416	MAT	T061	C0087111
28505487	422	431	effective	T080	C1704419
28505487	436	457	recommended treatment	T061	C0087111
28505487	462	481	opioid use disorder	T048	C0240602
28505487	490	497	current	T079	C0521116
28505487	498	503	study	T062	C2603343
28505487	521	533	relationship	T080	C0439849
28505487	542	548	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
28505487	549	556	refusal	T052	C1705116
28505487	557	570	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28505487	575	585	preference	T078	C0558295
28505487	590	593	MAT	T061	C0087111
28505487	594	603	following	T079	C0332282
28505487	604	613	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28505487	614	628	detoxification	T061	C0150543
28505487	630	642	Participants	T098	C0679646
28505487	656	667	interviewed	T052	C0021822
28505487	684	689	brief	T079	C1879313
28505487	690	699	inpatient	T101	C0021562
28505487	700	706	opioid	T109,T121,T131	C0242402
28505487	707	721	detoxification	T061	C0150543
28505487	723	751	Multiple logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28505487	764	772	estimate	T081	C0750572
28505487	777	785	adjusted	T169	C0456081
28505487	786	797	association	T080	C0439849
28505487	801	811	background	T077	C1706907
28505487	812	827	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28505487	829	843	depressed mood	T033	C0344315
28505487	849	858	perceived	T041	C0030971
28505487	859	865	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
28505487	866	873	refusal	T052	C1705116
28505487	874	887	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28505487	893	903	preference	T078	C0558295
28505487	908	911	MAT	T061	C0087111
28505487	913	924	Controlling	T067	C2239193
28505487	935	945	covariates	T080	C0439828
28505487	947	961	depressed mood	T033	C0344315
28505487	966	971	lower	T052	C2003888
28505487	972	981	perceived	T041	C0030971
28505487	982	989	refusal	T052	C1705116
28505487	990	1003	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28505487	1009	1024	associated with	T080	C0332281
28505487	1027	1048	significantly greater	T081	C4055637
28505487	1049	1059	likelihood	T081	C0033204
28505487	1063	1073	expressing	T055	C0565975
28505487	1074	1084	preference	T078	C0558295
28505487	1089	1092	MAT	T061	C0087111
28505487	1104	1107	MAT	T061	C0087111
28505487	1110	1119	Perceived	T041	C0030971
28505487	1120	1127	ability	T032	C0085732
28505487	1131	1137	refuse	T052	C1705116
28505487	1138	1144	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
28505487	1151	1158	leaving	T052	C1706081
28505487	1159	1164	detox	T061	C0150543
28505487	1168	1177	inversely	T080	C0439850
28505487	1178	1193	associated with	T080	C0332281
28505487	1196	1202	heroin	T109,T121,T131	C0011892
28505487	1203	1209	user's	T098	C1706077
28505487	1210	1216	desire	T041	C0871633
28505487	1221	1224	MAT	T061	C0087111
28505487	1229	1238	effective	T080	C1704419
28505487	1239	1262	continuum of care model	T058	C0009853
28505487	1267	1274	benefit	T081	C0814225
28505487	1280	1287	greater	T081	C1704243
28505487	1288	1297	attention	T041	C0004268
28505487	1301	1310	patient's	T101	C0030705
28505487	1311	1320	perceived	T041	C0030971
28505487	1321	1328	refusal	T052	C1705116
28505487	1329	1342	self-efficacy	T041	C0600564
28505487	1343	1349	during	T079	C0347984
28505487	1350	1364	detoxification	T061	C0150543
28505487	1375	1381	impact	T080	C4049986
28505487	1382	1392	preference	T078	C0558295
28505487	1397	1400	MAT	T061	C0087111
28505487	1405	1414	long-term	T079	C0443252
28505487	1415	1423	recovery	T040	C2004454

28505540|t|Salivary protective factors in patients suffering from decompensated type 2 diabetes
28505540|a|Defining the level of protective factors in saliva of patients suffering from decompensated type 2 diabetes. 50 Patients with diagnosis of decompensated type 2 diabetes, including 32 women and 18 men at the age of 57.9±9.2 years. The control group consisted of 50 people among whom there were 38 women and 12 men whose average age was estimated at 51.2±9.9 years. It was stated the increased concentration of total protein by 60% and decreased concentration of IgA by 70%, of lysozyme by 27% and of lactoferrin by 40% in resting saliva of patients with type 2 diabetes if compared to the control group. These outcomes were really statistically meaningful. The evaluation of dependences between the analyzed protective factors and the indicator of oral cavity condition proved the positive correlation between the concentration of total protein and the number of DMFT (i.e. the rate of caries intensity). The remaining coefficients of correlation being evaluated proved to be negative and statistically meaningless. The obtained outcomes prove a high influence of proteins included in saliva on the prevalence and development of caries at patients with decompensated type 2 diabetes.
28505540	0	8	Salivary	T082	C0442040
28505540	9	19	protective	T033	C1545588
28505540	20	27	factors	T169	C1521761
28505540	31	39	patients	T101	C0030705
28505540	55	68	decompensated	T080	C0205434
28505540	69	84	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28505540	98	103	level	T080	C0441889
28505540	107	117	protective	T033	C1545588
28505540	118	125	factors	T169	C1521761
28505540	129	135	saliva	T031	C0036087
28505540	139	147	patients	T101	C0030705
28505540	163	176	decompensated	T080	C0205434
28505540	177	192	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28505540	197	205	Patients	T101	C0030705
28505540	211	220	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28505540	224	237	decompensated	T080	C0205434
28505540	238	253	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28505540	268	273	women	T098	C0043210
28505540	281	284	men	T098	C0025266
28505540	319	332	control group	T096	C0009932
28505540	349	355	people	T098	C0027361
28505540	381	386	women	T098	C0043210
28505540	394	397	men	T098	C0025266
28505540	467	476	increased	T081	C0205217
28505540	477	490	concentration	T081	C1446561
28505540	494	507	total protein	T034	C1261360
28505540	519	528	decreased	T081	C0205216
28505540	529	542	concentration	T081	C1446561
28505540	546	549	IgA	T116,T129	C0020835
28505540	561	569	lysozyme	T116,T121,T126	C3541379
28505540	584	595	lactoferrin	T116,T123	C0022942
28505540	614	620	saliva	T031	C0036087
28505540	624	632	patients	T101	C0030705
28505540	638	653	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28505540	673	686	control group	T096	C0009932
28505540	694	702	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28505540	715	739	statistically meaningful	T081	C0237881
28505540	745	755	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28505540	792	802	protective	T033	C1545588
28505540	803	810	factors	T169	C1521761
28505540	819	828	indicator	T169	C1522602
28505540	832	853	oral cavity condition	T033	C2010703
28505540	865	873	positive	T033	C1446409
28505540	874	885	correlation	T080	C1707520
28505540	898	911	concentration	T081	C1446561
28505540	915	928	total protein	T059	C0555903
28505540	947	951	DMFT	T020	C0086103
28505540	970	976	caries	T047	C0011334
28505540	977	986	intensity	T080	C0522510
28505540	1003	1015	coefficients	T081	C1707429
28505540	1019	1030	correlation	T080	C1707520
28505540	1060	1068	negative	T033	C0205160
28505540	1073	1098	statistically meaningless	T033	C3694175
28505540	1113	1121	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28505540	1135	1144	influence	T077	C4054723
28505540	1148	1156	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28505540	1169	1175	saliva	T031	C0036087
28505540	1183	1193	prevalence	T081	C0683921
28505540	1198	1209	development	T169	C1527148
28505540	1213	1219	caries	T047	C0011334
28505540	1223	1231	patients	T101	C0030705
28505540	1237	1250	decompensated	T080	C0205434
28505540	1251	1266	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860

28505806|t|Kinetic discrimination of a polymerase in the presence of obstacles
28505806|a|One of the causes of high fidelity of copying in biological systems is kinetic discrimination. In this mechanism larger dissipation and copying velocity result in improved copying accuracy. We consider a model of a polymerase which simultaneously copies a single-stranded RNA and opens a single- to double-stranded junction serving as an obstacle. The presence of the obstacle slows down the motor, resulting in a change of its fidelity, which can be used to gain information about the motor and junction dynamics. We find that the motor's fidelity does not depend on details of the motor-junction interaction, such as whether the interaction is passive or active. Analysis of the copying fidelity can still be used as a tool for investigating the junction kinetics.
28505806	0	22	Kinetic discrimination	T044	C1148560
28505806	28	38	polymerase	T116,T126	C1335439
28505806	58	67	obstacles	T080	C0205556
28505806	94	102	fidelity	T080	C0205556
28505806	106	113	copying	T044	C1148560
28505806	117	127	biological	T080	C0205460
28505806	128	135	systems	T169	C0449913
28505806	139	161	kinetic discrimination	T044	C1148560
28505806	171	180	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28505806	181	187	larger	T081	C0549177
28505806	188	199	dissipation	T080	C0205556
28505806	204	220	copying velocity	T081	C0439830
28505806	240	247	copying	T044	C1148560
28505806	248	256	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28505806	272	277	model	T075	C0026339
28505806	283	293	polymerase	T116,T126	C1335439
28505806	300	314	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
28505806	315	321	copies	T044	C1148560
28505806	324	343	single-stranded RNA	T114	C3272452
28505806	348	353	opens	T169	C0205245
28505806	356	363	single-	T114	C3272452
28505806	367	382	double-stranded	T114,T123	C0035693
28505806	383	391	junction	T082	C0205144
28505806	406	414	obstacle	T080	C0205556
28505806	436	444	obstacle	T080	C0205556
28505806	445	455	slows down	T080	C0439834
28505806	460	465	motor	T169	C1513492
28505806	482	488	change	T169	C0392747
28505806	496	504	fidelity	T080	C0205556
28505806	532	543	information	T078	C1533716
28505806	554	581	motor and junction dynamics	T033	C0243095
28505806	600	616	motor's fidelity	T044	C1148560
28505806	651	677	motor-junction interaction	T169	C1704675
28505806	699	710	interaction	T169	C1704675
28505806	714	721	passive	T080	C3686820
28505806	725	731	active	T169	C0205177
28505806	733	741	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28505806	749	756	copying	T044	C1148560
28505806	757	765	fidelity	T080	C0205556
28505806	798	811	investigating	T169	C1292732
28505806	816	824	junction	T082	C0205144
28505806	825	833	kinetics	T070	C0022702

28506069|t|Interplay between adsorbed peptide structure, trapped water, and surface hydrophobicity
28506069|a|Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the influence of interfacial water on the orientation and conformation of a facewise amphipathic α-helical peptide adsorbed to hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates. Water behavior beneath the peptide adsorbed to a hydrophilic surface was observed to vary with the height of the peptide above the surface. In general, the orientation of water close to the peptide (with the oxygen atom pointing up toward the peptide) was complementary to that observed near the hydrophilic surface in the absence of peptide. That is, no change in orientation of water trapped between the peptide and a hydrophilic surface is required as the peptide approaches the surface. The adsorption of the peptide to the hydrophilic surface was observed to be mediated by a layer of ordered water. Water was found to be largely excluded on adsorption to the hydrophobic surface. However, the small amount of water present was observed to be highly ordered. At the closest point of contact to the hydrophobic surface, the peptide was observed to make direct contact. These findings shed light on the fundamental driving forces of peptide adsorption to hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces in aqueous environments.
28506069	18	26	adsorbed	T038	C3714634
28506069	27	44	peptide structure	T082	C0597196
28506069	46	59	trapped water	T031	C0005909
28506069	65	72	surface	T082	C0205148
28506069	73	87	hydrophobicity	T080	C0598629
28506069	88	97	Atomistic	T078	C0870168
28506069	98	128	molecular dynamics simulations	T066	C2717775
28506069	142	147	study	T062	C2603343
28506069	152	161	influence	T077	C4054723
28506069	165	176	interfacial	T070	C1512826
28506069	177	182	water	T031	C0005909
28506069	190	201	orientation	T082	C1704322
28506069	206	218	conformation	T082	C1518960
28506069	224	232	facewise	T185	C4284034
28506069	233	262	amphipathic α-helical peptide	T116,T121	C0173327
28506069	263	271	adsorbed	T038	C3714634
28506069	275	286	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28506069	291	302	hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
28506069	303	313	substrates	T167	C3891814
28506069	315	320	Water	T031	C0005909
28506069	321	329	behavior	T053	C0004927
28506069	342	349	peptide	T116	C0030956
28506069	350	358	adsorbed	T038	C3714634
28506069	364	375	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28506069	376	383	surface	T082	C0205148
28506069	388	396	observed	T169	C1441672
28506069	414	420	height	T032	C0489786
28506069	428	435	peptide	T116	C0030956
28506069	446	453	surface	T082	C0205148
28506069	471	482	orientation	T082	C1704322
28506069	486	491	water	T031	C0005909
28506069	492	497	close	T080	C1706276
28506069	505	512	peptide	T116	C0030956
28506069	523	534	oxygen atom	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28506069	558	565	peptide	T116	C0030956
28506069	571	584	complementary	T080	C0205556
28506069	593	601	observed	T169	C1441672
28506069	602	606	near	T080	C1706276
28506069	611	622	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28506069	623	630	surface	T082	C0205148
28506069	638	645	absence	T169	C0332197
28506069	649	656	peptide	T116	C0030956
28506069	667	676	no change	T033	C0442739
28506069	680	691	orientation	T082	C1704322
28506069	695	700	water	T031	C0005909
28506069	721	728	peptide	T116	C0030956
28506069	735	746	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28506069	747	754	surface	T082	C0205148
28506069	774	781	peptide	T116	C0030956
28506069	782	792	approaches	T082	C0449445
28506069	797	804	surface	T082	C0205148
28506069	810	820	adsorption	T038	C3714634
28506069	828	835	peptide	T116	C0030956
28506069	843	854	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28506069	855	862	surface	T082	C0205148
28506069	867	875	observed	T169	C1441672
28506069	896	901	layer	T080	C1522408
28506069	905	912	ordered	T080	C1705176
28506069	913	918	water	T031	C0005909
28506069	920	925	Water	T031	C0005909
28506069	942	949	largely	T081	C0549177
28506069	950	958	excluded	T052	C2828389
28506069	962	972	adsorption	T038	C3714634
28506069	980	999	hydrophobic surface	T070	C3825187
28506069	1014	1026	small amount	T081	C3869892
28506069	1030	1035	water	T031	C0005909
28506069	1036	1043	present	T033	C0150312
28506069	1048	1056	observed	T169	C1441672
28506069	1063	1069	highly	T080	C0205250
28506069	1070	1077	ordered	T080	C1705176
28506069	1086	1093	closest	T082	C1522666
28506069	1094	1099	point	T082	C3714763
28506069	1103	1110	contact	T067	C0392367
28506069	1118	1137	hydrophobic surface	T070	C3825187
28506069	1143	1150	peptide	T116	C0030956
28506069	1155	1163	observed	T169	C1441672
28506069	1172	1178	direct	T080	C1947931
28506069	1179	1186	contact	T067	C0392367
28506069	1194	1202	findings	T033	C0243095
28506069	1203	1213	shed light	T052	C2986669
28506069	1221	1232	fundamental	T080	C0205164
28506069	1233	1247	driving forces	T067	C0441722
28506069	1251	1258	peptide	T116	C0030956
28506069	1259	1269	adsorption	T038	C3714634
28506069	1273	1284	hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
28506069	1289	1300	hydrophilic	T080	C0475370
28506069	1301	1309	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28506069	1313	1320	aqueous	T031	C0005909
28506069	1321	1333	environments	T082	C0014406

28506602|t|Ventricular tachycardia score - A novel method for wide QRS complex tachycardia differentiation - Explained
28506602|a|Philosophy, merits and limitations of a novel method for wide QRS complex tachycardia differentiation, based on a scoring system and called the ventricular tachycardia (VT) score, were explained. The following criteria were assigned one point: initial dominant R wave in V1; initial r>40 ms in V1 or V2; notched S in V1; initial R wave in a VR; lead II RWPT ≥50 ms; and absence of an RS in leads V1-V6. Atrioventricular dissociation (including fusion / capture beats and partial dissociation) was assigned two points. We recommend ≥3 VT score points for a firm diagnosis of VT. A cut-off ≥1 point can be used for diagnosis of VT when highest overall accuracy rather than error - free diagnosis is desired. However, in case of VT score of 0-2 (i.e., not fully diagnostic ECG), we recommend using other options (electrophysiological study, clinical data, previous and following ECGs, etc.) for confirming the diagnosis.
28506602	0	23	Ventricular tachycardia	T047	C0042514
28506602	24	29	score	T081	C0449820
28506602	34	39	novel	T080	C0205314
28506602	40	46	method	T059	C0871511
28506602	51	67	wide QRS complex	T033	C0235475
28506602	68	79	tachycardia	T046	C0039231
28506602	80	95	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28506602	108	118	Philosophy	T090	C0031534
28506602	120	126	merits	T081	C0814225
28506602	131	142	limitations	T169	C0449295
28506602	148	153	novel	T080	C0205314
28506602	154	160	method	T059	C0871511
28506602	165	181	wide QRS complex	T033	C0235475
28506602	182	193	tachycardia	T046	C0039231
28506602	194	209	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28506602	211	216	based	T169	C1527178
28506602	222	236	scoring system	T170	C0282574
28506602	252	275	ventricular tachycardia	T047	C0042514
28506602	277	279	VT	T047	C0042514
28506602	281	286	score	T081	C0449820
28506602	360	375	dominant R wave	T033	C0429091
28506602	383	390	initial	T079	C0205265
28506602	412	421	notched S	T081	C0392762
28506602	429	436	initial	T079	C0205265
28506602	437	443	R wave	T033	C0429091
28506602	449	451	VR	T042	C3537202
28506602	453	465	lead II RWPT	T081	C0392762
28506602	478	485	absence	T169	C0332197
28506602	492	494	RS	T080	C0205556
28506602	511	540	Atrioventricular dissociation	T046	C2882262
28506602	552	558	fusion	T046	C0232213
28506602	579	599	partial dissociation	T046	C2882262
28506602	629	638	recommend	T078	C0034866
28506602	642	644	VT	T047	C0042514
28506602	645	657	score points	T081	C0449820
28506602	669	678	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
28506602	682	684	VT	T047	C0042514
28506602	699	704	point	T081	C1552961
28506602	712	716	used	T169	C1524063
28506602	721	730	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
28506602	734	736	VT	T047	C0042514
28506602	742	749	highest	T080	C1522410
28506602	750	757	overall	T080	C1561607
28506602	758	766	accuracy	T080	C0598285
28506602	767	778	rather than	T033	C3897775
28506602	779	784	error	T080	C0743559
28506602	787	791	free	T080	C1880497
28506602	792	801	diagnosis	T060	C0430022
28506602	805	812	desired	T041	C0871633
28506602	826	830	case	T169	C0868928
28506602	834	836	VT	T047	C0042514
28506602	837	842	score	T081	C0449820
28506602	867	881	diagnostic ECG	T060	C1623258
28506602	887	896	recommend	T078	C0034866
28506602	903	908	other	T080	C0205394
28506602	909	916	options	T169	C1518601
28506602	918	944	electrophysiological study	T060	C0850293
28506602	946	959	clinical data	T170	C1516606
28506602	984	988	ECGs	T060	C1623258
28506602	1015	1024	diagnosis	T060	C0430022

28506931|t|In vitro affinity of Deinococcus radiodurans MutS towards mismatched DNA exceeds that of its orthologues from Escherichia coli and Thermus thermophilus
28506931|a|The mismatch binding protein MutS is responsible for the recognition of mispaired and unpaired bases, which is the initial step in DNA repair. Among the MutS proteins most extensively studied in vitro are those derived from Thermus thermophilus, Thermus aquaticus and Escherichia coli. Here, we present the first report on the in vitro examination of DNA mismatch binding activity of MutS protein from Deinococcus radiodurans and confront this with the properties of those from E. coli and T. thermophilus. The analyses which included mobility gel-shift assay, colorimetric and qPCR estimation of MutS -bound DNA clearly showed that D. radiodurans MutS exhibited much higher affinity towards mismatched DNA in vitro than its counterparts from E. coli and T. thermophilus. In addition, D. radiodurans MutS displayed a significantly higher specificity of DNA mismatch binding than the two other orthologues. The specificity expressed as the ratio of mismatched to fully complementary DNA bound reached over 4 and 20-fold higher values for D. radiodurans than for T. thermophilus and E. coli MutS, respectively. The results demonstrate mainly the biotechnological potential of D. radiodurans MutS but the in vitro characteristics of the MutS orthologues could reflect substantial differences in DNA mismatch binding activities existing in vivo.
28506931	0	8	In vitro	T080	C1533691
28506931	9	17	affinity	T070	C1510827
28506931	21	44	Deinococcus radiodurans	T007	C0544157
28506931	45	49	MutS	T116,T126	C0129377
28506931	58	72	mismatched DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28506931	93	104	orthologues	T104	C1254350
28506931	110	126	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28506931	131	151	Thermus thermophilus	T007	C0085475
28506931	156	185	mismatch binding protein MutS	T116,T126	C0129377
28506931	209	220	recognition	T044	C0599844
28506931	224	233	mispaired	T049	C0600501
28506931	238	246	unpaired	T080	C2700112
28506931	247	252	bases	T120	C0178499
28506931	283	293	DNA repair	T045	C0012899
28506931	305	318	MutS proteins	T116,T126	C0129377
28506931	344	352	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28506931	376	396	Thermus thermophilus	T007	C0085475
28506931	398	415	Thermus aquaticus	T007	C0995303
28506931	420	436	Escherichia coli	T007	C0014834
28506931	479	487	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28506931	503	523	DNA mismatch binding	T045	C1148673
28506931	524	532	activity	T044	C2266866
28506931	536	548	MutS protein	T116,T126	C0129377
28506931	554	577	Deinococcus radiodurans	T007	C0544157
28506931	605	615	properties	T080	C0871161
28506931	630	637	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28506931	642	657	T. thermophilus	T007	C0085475
28506931	687	711	mobility gel-shift assay	T060	C0596608
28506931	713	725	colorimetric	T059	C0009407
28506931	730	745	qPCR estimation	T059	C2733022
28506931	749	753	MutS	T116,T126	C0129377
28506931	761	764	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28506931	785	799	D. radiodurans	T007	C0544157
28506931	800	804	MutS	T116,T126	C0129377
28506931	820	826	higher	T080	C0205250
28506931	827	835	affinity	T070	C1510827
28506931	844	858	mismatched DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28506931	859	867	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28506931	895	902	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28506931	907	922	T. thermophilus	T007	C0085475
28506931	937	951	D. radiodurans	T007	C0544157
28506931	952	956	MutS	T116,T126	C0129377
28506931	983	989	higher	T080	C0205250
28506931	990	1001	specificity	T081	C0037791
28506931	1005	1025	DNA mismatch binding	T045	C1148673
28506931	1045	1056	orthologues	T104	C1254350
28506931	1062	1073	specificity	T081	C0037791
28506931	1091	1096	ratio	T081	C0456603
28506931	1100	1110	mismatched	T114,T123	C0012854
28506931	1120	1137	complementary DNA	T114	C0006556
28506931	1171	1177	higher	T080	C0205250
28506931	1178	1184	values	T080	C0042295
28506931	1189	1203	D. radiodurans	T007	C0544157
28506931	1213	1228	T. thermophilus	T007	C0085475
28506931	1233	1240	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28506931	1241	1245	MutS	T116,T126	C0129377
28506931	1265	1272	results	T169	C1274040
28506931	1326	1340	D. radiodurans	T007	C0544157
28506931	1341	1345	MutS	T116,T126	C0129377
28506931	1354	1362	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28506931	1386	1390	MutS	T116,T126	C0129377
28506931	1391	1402	orthologues	T104	C1254350
28506931	1444	1464	DNA mismatch binding	T045	C1148673
28506931	1485	1492	in vivo	T082	C1515655

28506958|t|Enhancing Comparative Effectiveness Research With Automated Pediatric Pneumonia Detection in a Multi-Institutional Clinical Repository: A PHIS + Pilot Study
28506958|a|Community-acquired pneumonia is a leading cause of pediatric morbidity. Administrative data are often used to conduct comparative effectiveness research (CER) with sufficient sample sizes to enhance detection of important outcomes. However, such studies are prone to misclassification errors because of the variable accuracy of discharge diagnosis codes. The aim of this study was to develop an automated, scalable, and accurate method to determine the presence or absence of pneumonia in children using chest imaging reports. The multi-institutional PHIS + clinical repository was developed to support pediatric CER by expanding an administrative database of children's hospitals with detailed clinical data. To develop a scalable approach to find patients with bacterial pneumonia more accurately, we developed a Natural Language Processing (NLP) application to extract relevant information from chest diagnostic imaging reports. Domain experts established a reference standard by manually annotating 282 reports to train and then test the NLP application. Findings of pleural effusion, pulmonary infiltrate, and pneumonia were automatically extracted from the reports and then used to automatically classify whether a report was consistent with bacterial pneumonia. Compared with the annotated diagnostic imaging reports reference standard, the most accurate implementation of machine learning algorithms in our NLP application allowed extracting relevant findings with a sensitivity of .939 and a positive predictive value of .925. It allowed classifying reports with a sensitivity of .71, a positive predictive value of .86, and a specificity of .962. When compared with each of the domain experts manually annotating these reports, the NLP application allowed for significantly higher sensitivity (.71 vs .527) and similar positive predictive value and specificity. NLP -based pneumonia information extraction of pediatric diagnostic imaging reports performed better than domain experts in this pilot study. NLP is an efficient method to extract information from a large collection of imaging reports to facilitate CER.
28506958	10	44	Comparative Effectiveness Research	T062	C2718022
28506958	50	59	Automated	T169	C0205554
28506958	60	69	Pediatric	T080	C1521725
28506958	70	79	Pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28506958	80	89	Detection	T061	C1511790
28506958	95	114	Multi-Institutional	T093	C0026738
28506958	115	123	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28506958	124	134	Repository	T073	C3847505
28506958	138	142	PHIS	T170	C0679918
28506958	145	156	Pilot Study	T062	C0031928
28506958	157	185	Community-acquired pneumonia	T047	C0694549
28506958	208	217	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28506958	218	227	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28506958	229	243	Administrative	T169	C1292785
28506958	244	248	data	T078	C1511726
28506958	275	309	comparative effectiveness research	T062	C2718022
28506958	311	314	CER	T062	C2718022
28506958	332	344	sample sizes	T081	C0242618
28506958	356	365	detection	T033	C0442726
28506958	369	378	important	T080	C3898777
28506958	379	387	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28506958	424	448	misclassification errors	T080	C0743559
28506958	464	472	variable	T080	C0439828
28506958	473	481	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28506958	485	504	discharge diagnosis	T033	C1555319
28506958	505	510	codes	T170	C0805701
28506958	552	561	automated	T169	C0205554
28506958	563	571	scalable	T169	C1513040
28506958	577	585	accurate	T080	C0443131
28506958	586	592	method	T170	C0025663
28506958	596	605	determine	T080	C0521095
28506958	610	618	presence	T033	C0150312
28506958	622	629	absence	T169	C0332197
28506958	633	642	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28506958	646	654	children	T100	C0008059
28506958	661	674	chest imaging	T060	C1531652
28506958	675	682	reports	T170	C4274373
28506958	688	707	multi-institutional	T093	C0026738
28506958	708	712	PHIS	T170	C0679918
28506958	715	723	clinical	T080	C0205210
28506958	724	734	repository	T073	C3847505
28506958	760	769	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28506958	770	773	CER	T062	C2718022
28506958	790	804	administrative	T169	C1292785
28506958	805	813	database	T170	C0242356
28506958	817	837	children's hospitals	T093	C0020017
28506958	852	860	clinical	T080	C0205210
28506958	861	865	data	T078	C1511726
28506958	880	888	scalable	T169	C1513040
28506958	901	905	find	T033	C0243095
28506958	906	914	patients	T101	C0030705
28506958	920	939	bacterial pneumonia	T047	C0004626
28506958	972	999	Natural Language Processing	T066	C0027489
28506958	1001	1004	NLP	T066	C0027489
28506958	1006	1017	application	T080	C0205556
28506958	1029	1037	relevant	T080	C2347946
28506958	1038	1049	information	T078	C1533716
28506958	1055	1079	chest diagnostic imaging	T060	C1531652
28506958	1080	1087	reports	T170	C4274373
28506958	1089	1095	Domain	T169	C1880389
28506958	1096	1103	experts	T097	C0009817
28506958	1104	1115	established	T080	C0443211
28506958	1118	1136	reference standard	T081	C0034925
28506958	1140	1148	manually	T033	C3842330
28506958	1149	1159	annotating	T169	C0205245
28506958	1164	1171	reports	T170	C4274373
28506958	1199	1202	NLP	T066	C0027489
28506958	1203	1214	application	T080	C0205556
28506958	1228	1244	pleural effusion	T047	C0032227
28506958	1246	1266	pulmonary infiltrate	T033	C0235896
28506958	1272	1281	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28506958	1287	1300	automatically	T033	C3842331
28506958	1320	1327	reports	T170	C4274373
28506958	1345	1358	automatically	T033	C3842331
28506958	1359	1367	classify	T185	C0008902
28506958	1378	1384	report	T170	C4274373
28506958	1389	1404	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28506958	1405	1424	bacterial pneumonia	T047	C0004626
28506958	1426	1434	Compared	T052	C1707455
28506958	1454	1472	diagnostic imaging	T060	C0011923
28506958	1473	1480	reports	T170	C4274373
28506958	1481	1499	reference standard	T081	C0034925
28506958	1510	1518	accurate	T080	C0443131
28506958	1519	1533	implementation	T052	C1708476
28506958	1537	1553	machine learning	T066	C0376284
28506958	1554	1564	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28506958	1572	1575	NLP	T066	C0027489
28506958	1576	1587	application	T080	C0205556
28506958	1607	1615	relevant	T080	C2347946
28506958	1616	1624	findings	T169	C2607943
28506958	1632	1643	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28506958	1658	1666	positive	T033	C1446409
28506958	1667	1683	predictive value	T080	C1514307
28506958	1704	1715	classifying	T185	C0008902
28506958	1716	1723	reports	T170	C4274373
28506958	1731	1742	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28506958	1753	1761	positive	T033	C1446409
28506958	1762	1778	predictive value	T080	C1514307
28506958	1793	1804	specificity	T081	C0037791
28506958	1819	1827	compared	T052	C1707455
28506958	1845	1851	domain	T169	C1880389
28506958	1852	1859	experts	T097	C0009817
28506958	1860	1868	manually	T033	C3842330
28506958	1869	1879	annotating	T169	C0205245
28506958	1886	1893	reports	T170	C0025102
28506958	1899	1902	NLP	T066	C0027489
28506958	1903	1914	application	T080	C0205556
28506958	1927	1947	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28506958	1948	1959	sensitivity	T081	C0036667
28506958	1986	1994	positive	T033	C1446409
28506958	1995	2011	predictive value	T080	C1514307
28506958	2016	2027	specificity	T081	C0037791
28506958	2029	2032	NLP	T066	C0027489
28506958	2040	2049	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28506958	2050	2061	information	T078	C1533716
28506958	2076	2085	pediatric	T080	C1521725
28506958	2086	2104	diagnostic imaging	T060	C0011923
28506958	2105	2112	reports	T170	C4274373
28506958	2113	2122	performed	T169	C0884358
28506958	2135	2141	domain	T169	C1880389
28506958	2142	2149	experts	T097	C0009817
28506958	2158	2169	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28506958	2171	2174	NLP	T066	C0027489
28506958	2209	2220	information	T078	C1533716
28506958	2234	2244	collection	T169	C1516698
28506958	2248	2263	imaging reports	T170	C4274373
28506958	2278	2281	CER	T062	C2718022

28507142|t|Quantitative assessment of passive electrical properties of the cardiac T-tubular system by FRAP microscopy
28507142|a|Well-coordinated activation of all cardiomyocytes must occur on every heartbeat. At the cell level, a complex network of sarcolemmal invaginations, called the transverse-axial tubular system (TATS), propagates membrane potential changes to the cell core, ensuring synchronous and uniform excitation-contraction coupling. Although myocardial conduction of excitation has been widely described, the electrical properties of the TATS remain mostly unknown. Here, we exploit the formal analogy between diffusion and electrical conductivity to link the latter with the diffusional properties of TATS. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) microscopy is used to probe the diffusion properties of TATS in isolated rat cardiomyocytes: A fluorescent dextran inside TATS lumen is photobleached, and signal recovery by diffusion of unbleached dextran from the extracellular space is monitored. We designed a mathematical model to correlate the time constant of fluorescence recovery with the apparent diffusion coefficient of the fluorescent molecules. Then, apparent diffusion is linked to electrical conductivity and used to evaluate the efficiency of the passive spread of membrane depolarization along TATS. The method is first validated in cells where most TATS elements are acutely detached by osmotic shock and then applied to probe TATS electrical conductivity in failing heart cells. We find that acute and pathological tubular remodeling significantly affect TATS electrical conductivity. This may explain the occurrence of defects in action potential propagation at the level of single T-tubules, recently observed in diseased cardiomyocytes.
28507142	0	12	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28507142	13	23	assessment	T058	C0220825
28507142	27	34	passive	T080	C3686820
28507142	35	45	electrical	T169	C0442828
28507142	46	56	properties	T042	C0231493
28507142	64	88	cardiac T-tubular system	T022	C0018796
28507142	92	96	FRAP	T059	C1138405
28507142	97	107	microscopy	T059	C0026018
28507142	125	135	activation	T052	C1879547
28507142	143	157	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28507142	178	187	heartbeat	T042	C0425583
28507142	196	200	cell	T025	C0007634
28507142	210	217	complex	T080	C0439855
28507142	218	225	network	T169	C1882071
28507142	229	240	sarcolemmal	T026	C0036208
28507142	241	254	invaginations	T190	C0221224
28507142	267	298	transverse-axial tubular system	T026	C1179122
28507142	300	304	TATS	T026	C1179122
28507142	307	317	propagates	T043	C4236672
28507142	318	336	membrane potential	T043	C0025251
28507142	352	356	cell	T025	C0007634
28507142	357	361	core	T082	C0444669
28507142	372	383	synchronous	T079	C0439580
28507142	396	427	excitation-contraction coupling	T039	C2717948
28507142	438	448	myocardial	T024	C0027061
28507142	449	459	conduction	T042	C0232217
28507142	463	473	excitation	T052	C0549255
28507142	505	515	electrical	T169	C0442828
28507142	516	526	properties	T042	C0231493
28507142	534	538	TATS	T026	C1179122
28507142	590	597	analogy	T078	C0679213
28507142	606	615	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28507142	620	643	electrical conductivity	T081	C0013777
28507142	672	683	diffusional	T070	C0012222
28507142	684	694	properties	T042	C0231493
28507142	698	702	TATS	T026	C1179122
28507142	704	746	Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching	T059	C1138405
28507142	748	752	FRAP	T059	C1138405
28507142	754	764	microscopy	T059	C0026018
28507142	776	781	probe	T062	C0936012
28507142	786	795	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28507142	796	806	properties	T042	C0231493
28507142	810	814	TATS	T026	C1179122
28507142	818	826	isolated	T169	C0205409
28507142	827	830	rat	T015	C0034693
28507142	831	845	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828
28507142	849	868	fluorescent dextran	T130	C0021212
28507142	876	880	TATS	T026	C1179122
28507142	881	886	lumen	T030	C0524461
28507142	890	903	photobleached	T070	C1138417
28507142	909	915	signal	T067	C1710082
28507142	916	924	recovery	T052	C0237820
28507142	928	937	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28507142	952	959	dextran	T130	C0021212
28507142	969	988	extracellular space	T030	C0015352
28507142	992	1001	monitored	T058	C1283169
28507142	1017	1035	mathematical model	T170	C0876936
28507142	1070	1091	fluorescence recovery	T059	C1138405
28507142	1101	1131	apparent diffusion coefficient	T077	C3890194
28507142	1139	1160	fluorescent molecules	T130	C0016320
28507142	1168	1176	apparent	T078	C0750489
28507142	1177	1186	diffusion	T070	C0012222
28507142	1200	1223	electrical conductivity	T081	C0013777
28507142	1236	1244	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28507142	1249	1259	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28507142	1267	1274	passive	T080	C3686820
28507142	1285	1308	membrane depolarization	T043	C1816453
28507142	1315	1319	TATS	T026	C1179122
28507142	1354	1359	cells	T025	C0007634
28507142	1371	1375	TATS	T026	C1179122
28507142	1397	1405	detached	T169	C0687118
28507142	1409	1422	osmotic shock	T070	C0524680
28507142	1443	1448	probe	T120	C2347609
28507142	1449	1453	TATS	T026	C1179122
28507142	1454	1477	electrical conductivity	T081	C0013777
28507142	1489	1500	heart cells	T025	C0920751
28507142	1515	1520	acute	T079	C0205178
28507142	1525	1537	pathological	T046	C0030660
28507142	1538	1545	tubular	T026	C1179122
28507142	1546	1556	remodeling	T038	C1820201
28507142	1578	1582	TATS	T026	C1179122
28507142	1583	1606	electrical conductivity	T081	C0013777
28507142	1654	1682	action potential propagation	T043	C4236672
28507142	1699	1715	single T-tubules	T026	C1179122
28507142	1738	1746	diseased	T047	C0012634
28507142	1747	1761	cardiomyocytes	T025	C0225828

28507202|t|Determination of volatile organic compounds exhaled by cell lines derived from hematological malignancies
28507202|a|Background: The gas human exhaled contains many volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which is related to the health status of body. Analysis of VOCs has been proposed as a noninvasive diagnostic tool for certain cancers. Detailed research on the VOCs in gas exhaled by cell can characterize cell type specific metabolites and may be helpful to detect the cancer markers in clinical practice. Methods: Solid phase microextraction - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry was used to detect VOCs in the headspace of tissue culture flask in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cell line JEKO and acute mononuclear leukemia cell line SHI-1, to elaborate the characteristic gaseous biomarkers of hematological malignancies. While macrophage cells and lymphocytic cells were acted as control. The blank group was only the RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal calf serum that without cells. Results: Comparing to control group, the concentration of dimethyl sulphide, 2,4-dimethyl-heptane, methylbenzene, o-xylene, dodecane and 1,3-ditert-butylbenzene in JEKO cells were relatively higher, while the concentration of ethanol, hexanal and benzaldehyde was lower. In SHI-1 cells, the levels of 2,4-dimethyl-heptane, benzene, 4-methyldecane, chloroform, 3,7-dimethyl dodecane and hexadecane were significantly elevated, but the levels of hexanol and cyclohexanol were distinctly reduced. Conclusions: This pilot study revealed that the malignant hematological cells could change the components of VOCs in the cell culture flask in a cell type specific pattern. The traits of VOCs in our setting offered new strategy for hematological malignancies tracing, and would act as potential biomarkers in diagnosis of malignant hematological diseases.
28507202	0	13	Determination	T058	C1254363
28507202	17	43	volatile organic compounds	T109	C2350439
28507202	44	51	exhaled	T040	C0231800
28507202	55	65	cell lines	T025	C0682523
28507202	66	73	derived	T080	C1441547
28507202	79	105	hematological malignancies	T191	C0376545
28507202	122	125	gas	T104	C0017110
28507202	126	131	human	T016	C0086418
28507202	132	139	exhaled	T040	C0231800
28507202	154	180	volatile organic compounds	T109	C2350439
28507202	182	186	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28507202	213	226	health status	T080	C0018759
28507202	230	234	body	T016	C0242821
28507202	236	244	Analysis	T062	C0936012
28507202	248	252	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28507202	276	287	noninvasive	T185	C2986496
28507202	288	303	diagnostic tool	T060	C0430022
28507202	316	323	cancers	T191	C0027651
28507202	350	354	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28507202	358	361	gas	T104	C0017110
28507202	362	369	exhaled	T040	C0231800
28507202	373	377	cell	T025	C0007634
28507202	395	404	cell type	T170	C0449475
28507202	414	425	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28507202	459	473	cancer markers	T123	C0041366
28507202	477	494	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
28507202	505	532	Solid phase microextraction	T059	C1720881
28507202	535	553	gas chromatography	T059	C0008555
28507202	556	573	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28507202	593	597	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28507202	618	638	tissue culture flask	T074	C0492793
28507202	642	664	non-Hodgkin's lymphoma	T191	C0024305
28507202	665	679	cell line JEKO	T025	C0085983
28507202	684	710	acute mononuclear leukemia	T191	C0085669
28507202	711	726	cell line SHI-1	T025	C0085983
28507202	760	767	gaseous	T104	C0017110
28507202	768	778	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
28507202	782	808	hematological malignancies	T191	C0376545
28507202	816	832	macrophage cells	T025	C0024432
28507202	837	854	lymphocytic cells	T025	C0024264
28507202	869	876	control	T096	C0009932
28507202	882	893	blank group	T078	C0441833
28507202	907	923	RPMI 1640 medium	T130	C0010454
28507202	939	955	fetal calf serum	T130	C3812213
28507202	969	974	cells	T025	C0007634
28507202	998	1011	control group	T096	C0009932
28507202	1017	1030	concentration	T081	C1446561
28507202	1034	1051	dimethyl sulphide	T123	C0574031
28507202	1053	1073	2,4-dimethyl-heptane	T123	C0574031
28507202	1075	1088	methylbenzene	T109	C0040383
28507202	1090	1098	o-xylene	T109,T131	C0046596
28507202	1100	1108	dodecane	T109,T121	C0067942
28507202	1113	1136	1,3-ditert-butylbenzene	T123	C0574031
28507202	1140	1150	JEKO cells	T025	C0085983
28507202	1202	1209	ethanol	T109,T121	C0001962
28507202	1211	1218	hexanal	T109	C0068007
28507202	1223	1235	benzaldehyde	T109,T130	C0005023
28507202	1250	1261	SHI-1 cells	T025	C0085983
28507202	1277	1297	2,4-dimethyl-heptane	T123	C0574031
28507202	1299	1306	benzene	T109,T131	C0005036
28507202	1308	1322	4-methyldecane	T123	C0574031
28507202	1324	1334	chloroform	T109,T130,T131	C0008238
28507202	1336	1357	3,7-dimethyl dodecane	T123	C0574031
28507202	1362	1372	hexadecane	T109,T130	C0068005
28507202	1420	1427	hexanol	T109	C0001978
28507202	1432	1444	cyclohexanol	T109,T121	C0010569
28507202	1488	1499	pilot study	T062	C0031928
28507202	1518	1541	malignant hematological	T191	C0376545
28507202	1542	1547	cells	T025	C0007634
28507202	1579	1583	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28507202	1591	1609	cell culture flask	T059	C3830103
28507202	1615	1624	cell type	T170	C0449475
28507202	1657	1661	VOCs	T109	C2350439
28507202	1702	1728	hematological malignancies	T191	C0376545
28507202	1765	1775	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
28507202	1779	1788	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28507202	1792	1801	malignant	T080	C0205282
28507202	1802	1824	hematological diseases	T047	C0018939

28508214|t|Efficient Reverse Genetic Systems for Rapid Genetic Manipulation of Emergent and Preemergent Infectious Coronaviruses
28508214|a|Emergent and preemergent coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a global threat that requires immediate intervention. Rapid intervention necessitates the capacity to generate, grow, and genetically manipulate infectious CoVs in order to rapidly evaluate pathogenic mechanisms, host and tissue permissibility, and candidate antiviral therapeutic efficacy. CoVs encode the largest viral RNA genomes at about 28-32,000 nucleotides in length, and thereby complicate efficient engineering of the genome. Deconstructing the genome into manageable fragments affords the plasticity necessary to rapidly introduce targeted genetic changes in parallel and assort mutated fragments while maximizing genome stability over time. In this protocol we describe a well-developed reverse genetic platform strategy for CoVs that is comprised of partitioning the viral genome into 5-7 independent DNA fragments (depending on the CoV genome), each subcloned into a plasmid for increased stability and ease of genetic manipulation and amplification. Coronavirus genomes are conveniently partitioned by introducing type IIS or IIG restriction enzyme recognition sites that confer directional cloning. Since each restriction site leaves a unique overhang between adjoining fragments, reconstruction of the full-length genome can be achieved through a standard DNA ligation comprised of equal molar ratios of each fragment. Using this method, recombinant CoVs can be rapidly generated and used to investigate host range, gene function, pathogenesis, and candidate therapeutics for emerging and preemergent CoVs both in vitro and in vivo.
28508214	0	9	Efficient	T080	C0442799
28508214	10	25	Reverse Genetic	T062	C1657306
28508214	26	33	Systems	T169	C0449913
28508214	44	64	Genetic Manipulation	T063	C0178659
28508214	68	76	Emergent	T078	C0750573
28508214	81	92	Preemergent	T078	C0750573
28508214	93	117	Infectious Coronaviruses	T047	C0206750
28508214	118	126	Emergent	T078	C0750573
28508214	131	142	preemergent	T078	C0750573
28508214	143	156	coronaviruses	T005	C0010076
28508214	158	162	CoVs	T005	C0010076
28508214	171	177	global	T080	C2348867
28508214	178	184	threat	T078	C0749385
28508214	209	221	intervention	T061	C0017296
28508214	223	241	Rapid intervention	T061	C0017296
28508214	259	267	capacity	T081	C1516240
28508214	271	279	generate	T052	C3146294
28508214	281	285	grow	T067	C2911660
28508214	291	313	genetically manipulate	T063	C0017387
28508214	314	329	infectious CoVs	T047	C0206750
28508214	350	358	evaluate	T052	C1516048
28508214	359	369	pathogenic	T033	C3816499
28508214	370	380	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28508214	382	412	host and tissue permissibility	T039	C4277517
28508214	418	427	candidate	UnknownType	C0743153
28508214	428	458	antiviral therapeutic efficacy	T061	C0280274
28508214	460	464	CoVs	T005	C0010076
28508214	465	471	encode	T052	C2700640
28508214	484	493	viral RNA	T114	C0035736
28508214	494	501	genomes	T028	C0017428
28508214	521	532	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
28508214	536	542	length	T081	C1444754
28508214	556	566	complicate	T169	C0231242
28508214	567	576	efficient	T080	C0442799
28508214	577	602	engineering of the genome	T063	C0017387
28508214	604	629	Deconstructing the genome	T063	C0017387
28508214	646	655	fragments	T028	C1704681
28508214	668	678	plasticity	T070	C0678558
28508214	719	734	genetic changes	T049	C1705285
28508214	758	765	mutated	T045	C1513776
28508214	766	775	fragments	T028	C1704681
28508214	793	809	genome stability	T045	C1257825
28508214	815	819	time	T079	C0040223
28508214	829	837	protocol	T170	C2348563
28508214	867	891	reverse genetic platform	T062	C1657306
28508214	905	909	CoVs	T005	C0010076
28508214	931	943	partitioning	T169	C0332849
28508214	948	960	viral genome	T028	C0042720
28508214	982	995	DNA fragments	UnknownType	C0684192
28508214	1014	1017	CoV	T005	C0010076
28508214	1018	1024	genome	T028	C0017428
28508214	1032	1041	subcloned	T059,T063	C0598888
28508214	1049	1056	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28508214	1061	1070	increased	T081	C0205217
28508214	1071	1080	stability	T045	C1257825
28508214	1093	1113	genetic manipulation	T063	C0178659
28508214	1118	1131	amplification	T045	C0017256
28508214	1133	1144	Coronavirus	T005	C0010076
28508214	1145	1152	genomes	T028	C0017428
28508214	1170	1181	partitioned	T169	C0332849
28508214	1197	1205	type IIS	T116,T126	C0012906
28508214	1209	1231	IIG restriction enzyme	T116,T126	C0012906
28508214	1232	1249	recognition sites	T086	C1882940
28508214	1262	1281	directional cloning	T059,T063	C0598888
28508214	1294	1310	restriction site	T086	C1882940
28508214	1354	1363	fragments	T028	C1704681
28508214	1365	1405	reconstruction of the full-length genome	T063	C0017387
28508214	1441	1453	DNA ligation	T045	C1155649
28508214	1494	1502	fragment	T031	C0486805
28508214	1515	1521	method	T170	C0025663
28508214	1523	1539	recombinant CoVs	T005	C0597363
28508214	1547	1564	rapidly generated	T052	C3146294
28508214	1589	1599	host range	T070	C2936413
28508214	1601	1614	gene function	T045	C0314627
28508214	1616	1628	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28508214	1634	1643	candidate	UnknownType	C0743153
28508214	1644	1656	therapeutics	T061	C0087111
28508214	1661	1669	emerging	T078	C0750573
28508214	1674	1685	preemergent	T078	C0750573
28508214	1686	1690	CoVs	T005	C0010076
28508214	1696	1704	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28508214	1709	1716	in vivo	T082	C1515655

28508329|t|Long Non-Coding RNA SNHG6 as a Potential Biomarker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
28508329|a|Long Non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) refer to all non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. Their critical roles in different biological pathways have been already well established. Altered expression of lncRNAs can be involved in the cancer initiation and/or progression. Since patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are usually diagnosed in late stages, developing diagnostic methods seems to be essential. In this study, the expression levels of different lncRNAs were systematically analysed in different genomic and transcriptome datasets. The analyses showed that SNHG6 is among the lncRNAs with distinctive dysregulation of expression and copy number variation in HCC tumors compared with normal tissues. The results also suggest that the dysregulation of SNHG6 is highly cancer type specific. Through co-occurrence analyses, we found that SNHG6 and its related co-expressed genes on 8q are involved in the structural integrity of ribosome and translation. This comprehensive in silico analysis, provides a resource for investigating SNHG6 in hepatocellular carcinoma and lays the groundwork for design of next researches.
28508329	0	19	Long Non-Coding RNA	T114,T123	C3494264
28508329	20	25	SNHG6	T028	C1822801
28508329	41	50	Biomarker	T123	C0041365
28508329	55	79	Hepatocellular Carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28508329	80	100	Long Non-coding RNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
28508329	102	109	lncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
28508329	124	142	non-protein coding	T114	C0887909
28508329	143	154	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28508329	171	182	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
28508329	218	228	biological	T080	C0205460
28508329	229	237	pathways	T077	C1705987
28508329	282	292	expression	T045	C0017262
28508329	296	303	lncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
28508329	327	344	cancer initiation	T191	C0598935
28508329	352	363	progression	T191	C0178874
28508329	371	379	patients	T101	C0030705
28508329	385	409	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28508329	411	414	HCC	T191	C2239176
28508329	428	437	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28508329	441	452	late stages	T079	C1279941
28508329	465	483	diagnostic methods	T060	C0920688
28508329	515	520	study	T062	C2603343
28508329	526	536	expression	T045	C0017262
28508329	557	564	lncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
28508329	585	593	analysed	T062	C0936012
28508329	607	614	genomic	T170	C0150098
28508329	619	641	transcriptome datasets	T170	C0150098
28508329	647	655	analyses	T062	C0936012
28508329	668	673	SNHG6	T028	C1822801
28508329	687	694	lncRNAs	T114,T123	C3494264
28508329	712	725	dysregulation	T045	C0017263
28508329	729	739	expression	T045	C0017262
28508329	769	779	HCC tumors	T191	C2239176
28508329	794	808	normal tissues	T024	C0040300
28508329	844	857	dysregulation	T045	C0017263
28508329	861	866	SNHG6	T028	C1822801
28508329	877	883	cancer	T191	C0006826
28508329	921	929	analyses	T062	C0936012
28508329	945	950	SNHG6	T028	C1822801
28508329	967	979	co-expressed	T045	C0017262
28508329	980	985	genes	T028	C0017337
28508329	989	991	8q	T086	C1515445
28508329	1012	1022	structural	T082	C0678594
28508329	1023	1032	integrity	T080	C1947912
28508329	1036	1044	ribosome	T026	C0035553
28508329	1049	1060	translation	T045	C1519614
28508329	1067	1080	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28508329	1081	1090	in silico	T066	C3489666
28508329	1091	1099	analysis	T062	C0936012
28508329	1125	1138	investigating	T169	C1292732
28508329	1139	1144	SNHG6	T028	C1822801
28508329	1148	1172	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28508329	1216	1226	researches	T062	C0035168

28508422|t|Age -related inequalities in health and healthcare: the life stages approach
28508422|a|How should healthcare systems prepare to care for growing numbers and proportions of older people? Older people generally suffer worse health than younger people do. Should societies take steps to reduce age -related health inequalities? Some express concern that doing so would increase age -related inequalities in healthcare. This paper addresses this debate by (1) presenting an argument in support of three principles for distributing scarce resources between age groups; (2) framing these principles of age group justice in terms of life stages; and (3) indicating policy implications that merit further attention in light of rapidly aging societies.
28508422	0	3	Age	T032	C0001779
28508422	13	25	inequalities	T080	C0242503
28508422	29	35	health	T078	C0018684
28508422	40	50	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28508422	56	67	life stages	T079	C0680083
28508422	68	76	approach	T082	C0449445
28508422	88	106	healthcare systems	T093	C0018696
28508422	118	122	care	T052	C1947933
28508422	135	142	numbers	T081	C0237753
28508422	147	158	proportions	T081	C1709707
28508422	162	174	older people	T098	C3826770
28508422	176	188	Older people	T098	C3826770
28508422	199	205	suffer	T033	C0231303
28508422	206	211	worse	T033	C1457868
28508422	212	218	health	T078	C0018684
28508422	224	238	younger people	T098	C0027361
28508422	250	259	societies	T092	C0037455
28508422	281	284	age	T032	C0001779
28508422	294	300	health	T078	C0018684
28508422	301	313	inequalities	T080	C0242503
28508422	328	335	concern	T078	C2699424
28508422	356	364	increase	T169	C0442805
28508422	365	368	age	T032	C0001779
28508422	378	390	inequalities	T080	C0242503
28508422	394	404	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28508422	432	438	debate	T052	C0870392
28508422	446	456	presenting	T078	C0449450
28508422	460	468	argument	T054	C0680226
28508422	504	516	distributing	T078	C0520511
28508422	524	533	resources	T078	C0035201
28508422	542	552	age groups	T100	C0027362
28508422	586	595	age group	T100	C0027362
28508422	596	603	justice	T080	C0022437
28508422	616	627	life stages	T079	C0680083
28508422	648	667	policy implications	UnknownType	C0814846
28508422	687	696	attention	T041	C0004268
28508422	717	722	aging	T040	C0001811
28508422	723	732	societies	T092	C0037455

28508668|t|Total synthesis and neuroprotective effect of O-methylmurrayamine A and 7-methoxymurrayacine
28508668|a|O-Methylmurrayamine A (7) and 7-methoxymurrayacine (8) are natural products isolated from Murraya koenigii and Murraya siamensis, respectively. In this paper, we report the synthesis of 7 and 8 which are featured in the key step of cyclization to form carbazole intermediate 5 with mild conditions. The structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. In addition, compounds 7 and 8 were tested for their neuroprotective effects against H2O2 -induced PC12 cell damage. The results showed that compounds 7 and 8 have neuroprotective effect.
28508668	6	15	synthesis	T070	C0007987
28508668	20	42	neuroprotective effect	T169	C0815279
28508668	46	67	O-methylmurrayamine A	T109	C3181580
28508668	72	92	7-methoxymurrayacine	T109	C3181581
28508668	93	118	O-Methylmurrayamine A (7)	T109	C3181580
28508668	123	147	7-methoxymurrayacine (8)	T109	C3181581
28508668	152	168	natural products	T123	C1566558
28508668	169	177	isolated	T169	C0205409
28508668	183	199	Murraya koenigii	T002	C1095616
28508668	204	221	Murraya siamensis	T002	C3557025
28508668	266	275	synthesis	T070	C0007987
28508668	279	280	7	T109	C3181580
28508668	285	286	8	T109	C3181581
28508668	325	336	cyclization	T070	C0010546
28508668	345	369	carbazole intermediate 5	T109,T121	C0054658
28508668	396	406	structures	T085	C0026383
28508668	425	433	(1)H NMR	T060	C3850001
28508668	435	444	(13)C NMR	T060	C3850003
28508668	450	459	HR-ESI-MS	T059	C0037813
28508668	474	485	compounds 7	T109	C3181580
28508668	490	491	8	T109	C3181581
28508668	514	537	neuroprotective effects	T169	C0815279
28508668	546	550	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28508668	560	569	PC12 cell	T025	C0085262
28508668	570	576	damage	T049	C0599732
28508668	602	613	compounds 7	T109	C3181580
28508668	618	619	8	T109	C3181581
28508668	625	647	neuroprotective effect	T169	C0815279

28508736|t|Out of harm's way: Secure versus insecure-disorganized attachment predicts less adolescent risk taking related to childhood poverty
28508736|a|Although some risk taking in adolescence is normative, evidence suggests that adolescents raised in conditions of socioeconomic disadvantage are disproportionately burdened with risk taking and its negative consequences. Using longitudinal data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we investigated quality of the early caregiving environment as a potential prospective buffer against the long-term association between childhood poverty and adolescent risk taking. Multicategorical moderation model results indicated that if raised in poverty across age 1-54 months (average family income to needs ratio ≤ 1.02), relative to affluence (income to needs ratio ≥ 6.16), adolescents with histories of secure attachment to caregivers exhibited two times the number of risk behaviors at age 15, whereas adolescents with insecure-disorganized histories exhibited nearly five times the number of risk behaviors. Both early family economic hardship and history of insecure-disorganized attachment remained significant predictors of increased adolescent risk taking, alongside the interactive effect. Probing the interaction's region of significance revealed that history of secure (vs. insecure-disorganized) attachment is associated with protective reductions in risk taking below a family income to needs ratio of 2.24, or about 220% poverty level. Findings support a diathesis -stress model in which children with secure attachment histories are less deleteriously impacted by early socioeconomic adversity than their insecure-disorganized peers.
28508736	7	17	harm's way	T080	C0205556
28508736	19	25	Secure	T033	C0582757
28508736	33	65	insecure-disorganized attachment	T033	C0582758
28508736	66	74	predicts	T033	C0243095
28508736	80	90	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28508736	91	102	risk taking	T055	C0035651
28508736	114	123	childhood	T079	C0231335
28508736	124	131	poverty	T102	C0032854
28508736	146	157	risk taking	T055	C0035651
28508736	161	172	adolescence	T079	C0001578
28508736	176	185	normative	T080	C0205556
28508736	187	195	evidence	T078	C3887511
28508736	210	221	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28508736	222	228	raised	T080	C0442818
28508736	232	242	conditions	T080	C0348080
28508736	246	259	socioeconomic	T077	C0748878
28508736	260	272	disadvantage	T080	C0205556
28508736	277	295	disproportionately	T080	C0205350
28508736	296	304	burdened	T078	C2828008
28508736	310	321	risk taking	T055	C0035651
28508736	330	338	negative	T033	C0205160
28508736	339	351	consequences	T169	C0686907
28508736	359	376	longitudinal data	T078	C1511726
28508736	386	391	NICHD	T093	C1513896
28508736	392	439	Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development	T062	C0242481
28508736	444	456	investigated	T169	C1292732
28508736	457	464	quality	T080	C0332306
28508736	472	477	early	T079	C1279919
28508736	478	488	caregiving	T054	C0037397
28508736	489	500	environment	T082	C0014406
28508736	516	534	prospective buffer	T077	C1254372
28508736	547	556	long-term	T079	C0443252
28508736	557	568	association	T080	C0439849
28508736	577	586	childhood	T079	C0231335
28508736	587	594	poverty	T102	C0032854
28508736	599	609	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28508736	610	621	risk taking	T055	C0035651
28508736	623	656	Multicategorical moderation model	T170	C3161035
28508736	683	689	raised	T080	C0442818
28508736	693	700	poverty	T102	C0032854
28508736	708	711	age	T032	C0001779
28508736	717	723	months	T032	C1510828
28508736	725	761	average family income to needs ratio	T081	C0392762
28508736	794	815	income to needs ratio	T081	C0392762
28508736	825	836	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28508736	842	851	histories	T033	C0241889
28508736	855	872	secure attachment	T033	C0582757
28508736	876	886	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28508736	897	906	two times	T081	C1948050
28508736	911	917	number	T081	C0237753
28508736	921	935	risk behaviors	T055	C0086931
28508736	939	942	age	T032	C0001779
28508736	955	966	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28508736	972	993	insecure-disorganized	T033	C0582758
28508736	994	1003	histories	T033	C0241889
28508736	1021	1025	five	T081	C0205451
28508736	1026	1031	times	T081	C1632851
28508736	1036	1042	number	T081	C0237753
28508736	1046	1060	risk behaviors	T055	C0086931
28508736	1067	1072	early	T079	C1279919
28508736	1073	1079	family	T099	C0015576
28508736	1080	1097	economic hardship	T102	C0032854
28508736	1102	1109	history	T033	C0241889
28508736	1113	1145	insecure-disorganized attachment	T033	C0582758
28508736	1155	1166	significant	T078	C0750502
28508736	1167	1177	predictors	T078	C2698872
28508736	1181	1190	increased	T081	C0205217
28508736	1191	1201	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28508736	1202	1213	risk taking	T055	C0035651
28508736	1229	1240	interactive	T169	C1704675
28508736	1241	1247	effect	T080	C1280500
28508736	1261	1274	interaction's	T169	C1704675
28508736	1275	1281	region	T082	C0205147
28508736	1285	1297	significance	T078	C0750502
28508736	1312	1319	history	T033	C0241889
28508736	1323	1329	secure	T033	C0582757
28508736	1335	1356	insecure-disorganized	T033	C0582758
28508736	1358	1368	attachment	T033	C0582757
28508736	1372	1387	associated with	T080	C0332281
28508736	1399	1409	reductions	T080	C0392756
28508736	1413	1424	risk taking	T055	C0035651
28508736	1433	1461	family income to needs ratio	T081	C0392762
28508736	1485	1492	poverty	T102	C0032854
28508736	1493	1498	level	T080	C0441889
28508736	1500	1508	Findings	T033	C0243095
28508736	1519	1528	diathesis	T201	C0012655
28508736	1519	1542	diathesis -stress model	T170	C3161035
28508736	1552	1560	children	T100	C0008059
28508736	1566	1583	secure attachment	T033	C0582757
28508736	1584	1593	histories	T033	C0241889
28508736	1629	1634	early	T079	C1279919
28508736	1635	1648	socioeconomic	T077	C0748878
28508736	1649	1658	adversity	T077	C3900081
28508736	1670	1697	insecure-disorganized peers	T033	C0582758

28508943|t|Perceived ethnic discrimination in relation to smoking and alcohol consumption in ethnic minority groups in The Netherlands: the HELIUS study
28508943|a|We examined the associations of perceived ethnic discrimination (PED) with smoking and alcohol consumption in ethnic minority groups residing in a middle-sized European city. Data were derived from the HELIUS study in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. We included 23,126 participants aged 18-70 years of Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish, and Moroccan origin. We collected self-reported data on PED, current smoking, heavy smoking, nicotine dependence, current drinking, excessive drinking, and alcohol dependence. Logistic regression was used. In general, we observed positive associations in participants of African Surinamese and Ghanaian origin, but no associations in those of South-Asian Surinamese, Turkish, or Moroccan origin. In African Surinamese, the associations were positive for current smoking, nicotine, and alcohol dependence (odds ratios of 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.27, 1.34; 1.15-1.57 and 1.40; 1.20-1.64, respectively). In Ghanaians, positive association was observed for current drinking (1.21; 1.08-1.36). The associations of PED with smoking and alcohol consumption considerably varied by ethnicity and outcome measure. This suggests that ethnic minority groups in Europe might use different behavioural strategies to cope with PED.
28508943	0	31	Perceived ethnic discrimination	T054	C0870511
28508943	47	54	smoking	T055	C0037369
28508943	59	78	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28508943	82	104	ethnic minority groups	T098	C0026192
28508943	108	123	The Netherlands	T083	C0027778
28508943	129	141	HELIUS study	T062	C0681876
28508943	158	170	associations	T080	C0439849
28508943	174	205	perceived ethnic discrimination	T054	C0870511
28508943	207	210	PED	T054	C0870511
28508943	217	224	smoking	T055	C0037369
28508943	229	248	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28508943	252	274	ethnic minority groups	T098	C0026192
28508943	302	315	European city	T083	C0015176
28508943	317	321	Data	T078	C1511726
28508943	344	356	HELIUS study	T062	C0681876
28508943	360	369	Amsterdam	T083	C0017446
28508943	371	386	The Netherlands	T083	C0027778
28508943	407	419	participants	T098	C0679646
28508943	440	445	Dutch	T098	C0013331
28508943	447	458	South-Asian	T083	C0003983
28508943	459	469	Surinamese	T098	C1257890
28508943	471	478	African	T083	C0001737
28508943	479	489	Surinamese	T098	C1257890
28508943	491	499	Ghanaian	T098	C0337834
28508943	501	508	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28508943	514	522	Moroccan	T098	C1257890
28508943	523	529	origin	T185	C0079946
28508943	558	562	data	T078	C1511726
28508943	566	569	PED	T054	C0870511
28508943	571	578	current	T079	C0521116
28508943	579	586	smoking	T055	C0037369
28508943	588	601	heavy smoking	T033	C3845546
28508943	603	622	nicotine dependence	T048	C0028043
28508943	624	631	current	T079	C0521116
28508943	632	640	drinking	T055	C0001948
28508943	642	651	excessive	T080	C0442802
28508943	652	660	drinking	T055	C0001948
28508943	666	684	alcohol dependence	T048	C0001973
28508943	686	705	Logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28508943	740	748	positive	T033	C1446409
28508943	749	761	associations	T080	C0439849
28508943	765	777	participants	T098	C0679646
28508943	789	799	Surinamese	T098	C1257890
28508943	804	812	Ghanaian	T098	C0337834
28508943	813	819	origin	T185	C0079946
28508943	828	840	associations	T080	C0439849
28508943	853	864	South-Asian	T083	C0003983
28508943	865	875	Surinamese	T098	C1257890
28508943	877	884	Turkish	T098	C0549217
28508943	889	897	Moroccan	T098	C1257890
28508943	898	904	origin	T185	C0079946
28508943	909	916	African	T083	C0001737
28508943	917	927	Surinamese	T098	C1257890
28508943	933	945	associations	T080	C0439849
28508943	951	959	positive	T033	C1446409
28508943	964	971	current	T079	C0521116
28508943	972	979	smoking	T055	C0037369
28508943	981	989	nicotine	T048	C0028043
28508943	995	1013	alcohol dependence	T048	C0001973
28508943	1015	1026	odds ratios	T081	C0028873
28508943	1040	1059	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28508943	1127	1136	Ghanaians	T098	C0337834
28508943	1138	1146	positive	T033	C1446409
28508943	1147	1158	association	T080	C0439849
28508943	1176	1183	current	T079	C0521116
28508943	1184	1192	drinking	T055	C0001948
28508943	1216	1228	associations	T080	C0439849
28508943	1232	1235	PED	T054	C0870511
28508943	1241	1248	smoking	T055	C0037369
28508943	1253	1272	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28508943	1296	1305	ethnicity	T080	C0243103
28508943	1310	1325	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
28508943	1346	1368	ethnic minority groups	T098	C0026192
28508943	1372	1378	Europe	T083	C0015176
28508943	1399	1421	behavioural strategies	T041	C0679199
28508943	1435	1438	PED	T054	C0870511

28509318|t|The duration of pregnancy in ecologically-challenged area. The effects of environmental pollution with aromatic hydrocarbons on the angiogenesis and elements of the mesenchymal tissue of the human placenta
28509318|a|The literature presents only few reports regarding the effects of elevated levels of aromatic hydrocarbons (AH) on the functions of the human placenta. The effects of environmental contamination with AH (including phenol and 1-hydroxypyrene) have certain negative effects on parenchymal organs such as human placenta. The paper aimed to assess the effects of elevated levels of AH on the placental angiogenesis and elements of the mesenchymal tissue of the placenta. Tissue material from 50 afterbirths from Płock constituted a study group, whereas 50 afterbirths from Kutno constituted a control group. Immunohistochemical reactions with the peroxidase method using LSAB kits (DAKO) were performed. The extent and intensity of reactions were analysed. The levels of phenols and 1-hydroxypyrene in the excreted urine of pregnant women (undergoing delivery) were detected using gas chromatography and colorimetry. The levels of phenol and 1-hydroxypyrene in the excreted urine were demonstrated to be statistically significantly higher in patients living in the area of Płock. Statistically significantly higher expression of antibodies indicating placental angiogenesis was observed in the placentas in the Płock group (p < 0.01). Moreover, lower expression of vimentin indicating reactions with proteins in mesenchymal cells was observed in the Kutno group (p < 0.01). Pregnancy in the environment with elevated levels of aromatic hydrocarbons has detrimental effects on the human placenta. The foetus is protected by activation of adaptation and compensation mechanisms that are manifested as significant angiogenesis and greater development and differentiation of mesenchymal cells compared to the control group.
28509318	4	12	duration	T079	C0449238
28509318	16	25	pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28509318	29	57	ecologically-challenged area	T082	C0565987
28509318	63	70	effects	T080	C1280500
28509318	74	97	environmental pollution	T069	C0014419
28509318	103	124	aromatic hydrocarbons	T109	C0020245
28509318	132	144	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28509318	165	183	mesenchymal tissue	T018	C0162415
28509318	191	196	human	T016	C0086418
28509318	197	205	placenta	T018	C0032043
28509318	210	220	literature	T170	C0023866
28509318	261	268	effects	T080	C1280500
28509318	272	280	elevated	T080	C3163633
28509318	281	287	levels	T080	C0441889
28509318	291	312	aromatic hydrocarbons	T109	C0020245
28509318	314	316	AH	T109	C0020245
28509318	342	347	human	T016	C0086418
28509318	348	356	placenta	T018	C0032043
28509318	362	369	effects	T080	C1280500
28509318	373	400	environmental contamination	T069	C0014419
28509318	406	408	AH	T109	C0020245
28509318	420	426	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
28509318	431	446	1-hydroxypyrene	T109,T131	C0044415
28509318	461	469	negative	T033	C0205160
28509318	470	477	effects	T080	C1280500
28509318	481	499	parenchymal organs	T029	C0524464
28509318	508	513	human	T016	C0086418
28509318	514	522	placenta	T018	C0032043
28509318	554	561	effects	T080	C1280500
28509318	565	573	elevated	T080	C3163633
28509318	574	580	levels	T080	C0441889
28509318	584	586	AH	T109	C0020245
28509318	594	603	placental	T018	C0032043
28509318	604	616	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28509318	637	655	mesenchymal tissue	T018	C0162415
28509318	663	671	placenta	T018	C0032043
28509318	673	688	Tissue material	T024	C0457457
28509318	697	708	afterbirths	T018	C0392917
28509318	714	719	Płock	UnknownType	C0681784
28509318	734	745	study group	UnknownType	C0681860
28509318	758	769	afterbirths	T018	C0392917
28509318	775	780	Kutno	UnknownType	C0681784
28509318	795	808	control group	T096	C0009932
28509318	810	866	Immunohistochemical reactions with the peroxidase method	T059	C0021067
28509318	873	882	LSAB kits	T170	C0282574
28509318	910	916	extent	T082	C0439792
28509318	949	957	analysed	T062	C0936012
28509318	963	969	levels	T080	C0441889
28509318	973	980	phenols	T109,T121	C0070570
28509318	985	1000	1-hydroxypyrene	T109,T131	C0044415
28509318	1008	1016	excreted	T039	C0221102
28509318	1017	1022	urine	T031	C0042036
28509318	1026	1040	pregnant women	T098	C0033011
28509318	1053	1061	delivery	T040	C0005615
28509318	1068	1076	detected	T061	C1511790
28509318	1083	1101	gas chromatography	T059	C0008555
28509318	1106	1117	colorimetry	T059	C0009407
28509318	1123	1129	levels	T080	C0441889
28509318	1133	1139	phenol	T109,T121	C0070570
28509318	1144	1159	1-hydroxypyrene	T109,T131	C0044415
28509318	1167	1175	excreted	T039	C0221102
28509318	1176	1181	urine	T031	C0042036
28509318	1206	1233	statistically significantly	T081	C0237881
28509318	1234	1240	higher	T080	C0205250
28509318	1244	1252	patients	T101	C0030705
28509318	1275	1280	Płock	UnknownType	C0681784
28509318	1282	1309	Statistically significantly	T081	C0237881
28509318	1310	1316	higher	T080	C0205250
28509318	1317	1327	expression	T045	C1171362
28509318	1331	1341	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28509318	1353	1362	placental	T018	C0032043
28509318	1363	1375	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28509318	1380	1388	observed	T169	C1441672
28509318	1396	1405	placentas	T018	C0032043
28509318	1413	1424	Płock group	T098	C1257890
28509318	1447	1452	lower	T080	C0205251
28509318	1453	1463	expression	T045	C1171362
28509318	1467	1475	vimentin	T116,T123	C0042666
28509318	1514	1531	mesenchymal cells	T025	C1257975
28509318	1536	1544	observed	T169	C1441672
28509318	1552	1563	Kutno group	T098	C1257890
28509318	1576	1585	Pregnancy	T040	C0032961
28509318	1593	1604	environment	T082	C0014406
28509318	1610	1618	elevated	T080	C3163633
28509318	1619	1625	levels	T080	C0441889
28509318	1629	1650	aromatic hydrocarbons	T109	C0020245
28509318	1667	1674	effects	T080	C1280500
28509318	1682	1687	human	T016	C0086418
28509318	1688	1696	placenta	T018	C0032043
28509318	1702	1708	foetus	T018	C0015965
28509318	1725	1735	activation	T052	C1879547
28509318	1739	1749	adaptation	T038	C0392673
28509318	1754	1777	compensation mechanisms	T039	C0152058
28509318	1801	1812	significant	T078	C0750502
28509318	1813	1825	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28509318	1830	1837	greater	T081	C1704243
28509318	1838	1849	development	T039	C0243107
28509318	1854	1869	differentiation	T169	C2945687
28509318	1873	1890	mesenchymal cells	T025	C1257975
28509318	1907	1920	control group	T096	C0009932

28509526|t|Paraoxonases and psoriasis: negative imbalance of anti--oxidant endogenous mechanisms
28509526|a|Numerous reports have shown that psoriasis patients are more exposed to lipoprotein peroxidation and to a decrease in the activity of paraoxonase (PON)1, an anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory enzyme. Thus, it has been suggested that malfunction of the anti-oxidant system and an increased production of reactive oxygen species drive immune inflammatory events, that result in progressive skin cell damage in patients with psoriasis. The PON protein family, including PON1, PON2 and PON3, is one of the most important endogenous defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. In the present study, we investigated PON gene expression in psoriasis and in cutaneous oxidative stress. The study population included 10 patients affected by moderate -to- severe plaque psoriasis and 15 healthy donors who have undergone to plastic surgery, were used as control. Skin punch biopsies of lesional and non lesional psoriatic skin were performed for analysis of PON2 and PON3 gene expression. In addition, oxidation assays in ex vivo full-thickness healthy skin organ cultures were performed. No significant differences were observed between PON2 and PON3 gene expression in psoriatic lesional and non lesional skin compared with healthy controls. H2O2 treatment induced a significant decrease of PON2 and PON3 expression in ex vivo full-thickness healthy skin organ cultures; conversely the pre-treatment of samples with the anti-oxidant reagent N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) induced a significant increase. Interestingly, no significant alterations were reported for PON2 and PON3 expression in ex vivo full-thickness healthy skin organ cultures stimulated with IL-17. Taken together our findings have revealed that a strong pro-oxidative activity is not effectively countered by anti-oxidant endogenous mechanisms both in psoriatic skin and in ex vivo experimental model.
28509526	0	12	Paraoxonases	T116,T126	C0052451
28509526	17	26	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28509526	28	36	negative	T033	C0205160
28509526	37	46	imbalance	T184	C1397014
28509526	50	63	anti--oxidant	T121	C0003402
28509526	64	74	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28509526	75	85	mechanisms	T044	C0678659
28509526	119	128	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28509526	129	137	patients	T101	C0030705
28509526	147	157	exposed to	T080	C0332157
28509526	158	182	lipoprotein peroxidation	T044	C0023775
28509526	192	200	decrease	T081	C0547047
28509526	208	216	activity	T044	C2257843
28509526	220	238	paraoxonase (PON)1	T116,T126	C1121571
28509526	243	255	anti-oxidant	T121	C0003402
28509526	260	277	anti-inflammatory	T121	C0003209
28509526	278	284	enzyme	T116,T126	C0014442
28509526	319	330	malfunction	T169	C0231174
28509526	338	357	anti-oxidant system	T121	C0003402
28509526	365	374	increased	T081	C0205217
28509526	375	385	production	T038	C3714634
28509526	389	412	reactive oxygen species	T123,T196	C0162772
28509526	419	425	immune	T169	C0439662
28509526	426	438	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28509526	439	445	events	T051	C0441471
28509526	452	458	result	T169	C1274040
28509526	462	473	progressive	T169	C0205329
28509526	474	483	skin cell	T025	C0814995
28509526	484	490	damage	T049	C0599732
28509526	494	502	patients	T101	C0030705
28509526	508	517	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28509526	523	526	PON	T116,T126	C0052451
28509526	527	541	protein family	T116,T123	C1335532
28509526	553	557	PON1	T116,T126	C1257646
28509526	559	563	PON2	T116,T126	C0755726
28509526	568	572	PON3	T116,T126	C1447656
28509526	603	613	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28509526	614	632	defense mechanisms	T041	C0011142
28509526	641	657	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28509526	674	679	study	T062	C2603343
28509526	684	696	investigated	T169	C1292732
28509526	697	705	PON gene	T028	C0017337
28509526	706	716	expression	T045	C0017262
28509526	720	729	psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28509526	737	746	cutaneous	T082	C0221912
28509526	747	763	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28509526	769	774	study	T062	C2603343
28509526	775	785	population	T098	C1257890
28509526	798	806	patients	T101	C0030705
28509526	807	815	affected	T169	C0392760
28509526	819	827	moderate	T080	C0205081
28509526	833	839	severe	T080	C0205082
28509526	840	856	plaque psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28509526	864	871	healthy	T080	C3898900
28509526	872	878	donors	T098	C0013018
28509526	901	916	plastic surgery	T061	C0677616
28509526	931	938	control	T096	C0009932
28509526	940	959	Skin punch biopsies	T060	C0191321
28509526	963	971	lesional	T022	C1123023
28509526	976	1003	non lesional psoriatic skin	T022	C1123023
28509526	1023	1031	analysis	T062	C0936012
28509526	1035	1039	PON2	T028	C1418755
28509526	1044	1048	PON3	T028	C1418756
28509526	1049	1064	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28509526	1079	1088	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28509526	1089	1095	assays	T059	C0005507
28509526	1099	1106	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28509526	1107	1121	full-thickness	T081	C0439809
28509526	1122	1129	healthy	T080	C3898900
28509526	1130	1134	skin	T022	C1123023
28509526	1135	1149	organ cultures	T059	C0029205
28509526	1155	1164	performed	T169	C0884358
28509526	1166	1192	No significant differences	T033	C3842396
28509526	1215	1219	PON2	T028	C1418755
28509526	1224	1228	PON3	T028	C1418756
28509526	1229	1244	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28509526	1248	1266	psoriatic lesional	T022	C1123023
28509526	1271	1288	non lesional skin	T022	C1123023
28509526	1289	1297	compared	T052	C1707455
28509526	1303	1319	healthy controls	T080	C2986479
28509526	1321	1325	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28509526	1326	1335	treatment	T169	C1522326
28509526	1336	1343	induced	T169	C0205263
28509526	1358	1366	decrease	T081	C0547047
28509526	1370	1374	PON2	T028	C1418755
28509526	1379	1383	PON3	T028	C1418756
28509526	1384	1394	expression	T045	C0017262
28509526	1398	1405	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28509526	1406	1420	full-thickness	T081	C0439809
28509526	1421	1428	healthy	T080	C3898900
28509526	1429	1433	skin	T022	C1123023
28509526	1434	1448	organ cultures	T059	C0029205
28509526	1465	1478	pre-treatment	T079	C2709094
28509526	1482	1489	samples	T167	C0370003
28509526	1499	1519	anti-oxidant reagent	T121	C0003402
28509526	1520	1539	N-acetyl-L-cysteine	T116,T121	C0001047
28509526	1541	1544	NAC	T116,T121	C0001047
28509526	1546	1553	induced	T169	C0205263
28509526	1568	1576	increase	T169	C0442805
28509526	1593	1607	no significant	T033	C3694175
28509526	1608	1619	alterations	T169	C0392747
28509526	1638	1642	PON2	T028	C1418755
28509526	1647	1651	PON3	T028	C1418756
28509526	1652	1662	expression	T045	C0017262
28509526	1666	1673	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28509526	1674	1688	full-thickness	T081	C0439809
28509526	1689	1696	healthy	T080	C3898900
28509526	1697	1701	skin	T022	C1123023
28509526	1702	1716	organ cultures	T059	C0029205
28509526	1717	1727	stimulated	T042	C1254358
28509526	1733	1738	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28509526	1759	1767	findings	T033	C0243095
28509526	1789	1795	strong	T080	C0442821
28509526	1796	1818	pro-oxidative activity	T044	C2266999
28509526	1851	1863	anti-oxidant	T121	C0003402
28509526	1864	1874	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28509526	1875	1885	mechanisms	T044	C0678659
28509526	1894	1903	psoriatic	T047	C0033860
28509526	1904	1908	skin	T022	C1123023
28509526	1916	1923	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28509526	1924	1942	experimental model	T170	C0086272

28509623|t|Gastrostomy in patients with prion disease
28509623|a|Patients with prion diseases can live for long periods of time in a state of akinetic mutism given appropriate management of their symptoms. To study symptom support in these cases, we performed gastrostomies on 3 patients with V180I genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) who had become akinetic and mute, and compared them to 14 other similar patients being fed by tube. In the 3 gastrostomy cases, there were no direct complications due to the gastrostomy or tube feeding, nor were there episodes of discontinuation of tube feeding or initiation of continuous drip infusion due to severe complications. Antibiotics were administered for mild infections, a complication of CJD, with 0.2% and 8.8% of the total time after gastrostomy being used for intravenous or transluminal administration, respectively. We compared the present patient series with that of our previous report statistically, and found that patients undergoing gastrostomy required significantly fewer discontinuations of tube feeding than those who did not. No significant difference in antibiotic administration was found between groups, however. It is our conclusion that gastrostomy should be allowed for symptom support in akinetic patients with prion disease, but adequate informed consent must be provided to the patient's family.
28509623	0	11	Gastrostomy	T061	C0017196
28509623	15	23	patients	T101	C0030705
28509623	29	42	prion disease	T047	C0162534
28509623	43	51	Patients	T101	C0030705
28509623	57	71	prion diseases	T047	C0162534
28509623	72	80	can live	T052	C0038952
28509623	85	105	long periods of time	T079	C1948053
28509623	120	135	akinetic mutism	T047	C0001889
28509623	154	182	management of their symptoms	T061	C1536570
28509623	193	200	symptom	T184	C1457887
28509623	238	251	gastrostomies	T061	C0017196
28509623	257	265	patients	T101	C0030705
28509623	271	310	V180I genetic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease	T047	C0022336
28509623	312	315	CJD	T047	C0022336
28509623	332	340	akinetic	T169	C0233568
28509623	345	349	mute	T033	C0278249
28509623	389	397	patients	T101	C0030705
28509623	404	415	fed by tube	T061	C0041281
28509623	426	437	gastrostomy	T061	C0017196
28509623	456	479	no direct complications	T033	C4032686
28509623	491	502	gastrostomy	T061	C0017196
28509623	506	518	tube feeding	T061	C0041281
28509623	535	546	episodes of	T079	C0332189
28509623	547	562	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
28509623	566	578	tube feeding	T061	C0041281
28509623	582	620	initiation of continuous drip infusion	T061	C0574032
28509623	628	648	severe complications	T033	C3495031
28509623	650	679	Antibiotics were administered	T061	C0199779
28509623	684	699	mild infections	T047	C0004623
28509623	703	715	complication	T078	C2362589
28509623	719	722	CJD	T047	C0022336
28509623	767	778	gastrostomy	T061	C0017196
28509623	794	805	intravenous	T082	C0348016
28509623	809	836	transluminal administration	T169	C1522231
28509623	876	890	patient series	T101	C0030705
28509623	954	962	patients	T101	C0030705
28509623	974	985	gastrostomy	T061	C0017196
28509623	1015	1031	discontinuations	T058	C0457454
28509623	1035	1047	tube feeding	T061	C0041281
28509623	1072	1097	No significant difference	T033	C3842396
28509623	1101	1126	antibiotic administration	T061	C0199779
28509623	1145	1151	groups	T078	C0441833
28509623	1188	1199	gastrostomy	T061	C0017196
28509623	1222	1229	symptom	T184	C1457887
28509623	1241	1249	akinetic	T169	C0233568
28509623	1250	1258	patients	T101	C0030705
28509623	1264	1277	prion disease	T047	C0162534
28509623	1283	1291	adequate	T080	C0205411
28509623	1301	1308	consent	T169	C1511481
28509623	1333	1349	patient's family	T099	C0015576

28509710|t|Ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis: a novel parasternal approach
28509710|a|The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel pericardiocentesis technique using an in-plane parasternal medial -to- lateral approach with the use of a high-frequency probe in patients with cardiac tamponade. Echocardiography is pivotal in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion and tamponade physiology. Ultrasound guidance for pericardiocentesis is currently considered the standard of care. Several approaches have been described recently, which differ mainly on the site of puncture (subxiphoid, apical, or parasternal). Although they share the use of low-frequency probes, there is absence of complete control of needle trajectory and real-time needle visualization. An in-plane and real-time technique has only been described anecdotally. A retrospective analysis of 11 patients (63% men, mean age: 37.7±21.2 years) presenting with cardiac tamponade admitted to the tertiary-care emergency department and treated with parasternal medial-to-lateral in-plane pericardiocentesis was carried out. The underlying causes of cardiac tamponade were different among the population. All the pericardiocentesis were successfully performed in the emergency department, without complications, relieving the hemodynamic instability. The mean time taken to perform the eight- step procedure was 309±76.4 s, with no procedure-related complications. The parasternal medial-to-lateral in-plane pericardiocentesis is a new technique theoretically free of complications and it enables real-time monitoring of needle trajectory. For the first time, a pericardiocentesis approach with a medial-to-lateral needle trajectory and real-time, in-plane, needle visualization was performed in a tamponade patient population .This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
28509710	0	17	Ultrasound-guided	T060	C0442973
28509710	18	36	pericardiocentesis	T060	C0397466
28509710	46	57	parasternal	T082	C0442146
28509710	58	66	approach	T169	C1292724
28509710	83	88	study	T062	C2603343
28509710	96	104	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28509710	113	131	pericardiocentesis	T060	C0397466
28509710	132	141	technique	T169	C0449851
28509710	151	159	in-plane	T082	C1254362
28509710	160	171	parasternal	T082	C0442146
28509710	172	178	medial	T082	C0205098
28509710	184	191	lateral	T082	C0205093
28509710	192	200	approach	T169	C1292724
28509710	210	216	use of	T169	C1524063
28509710	219	233	high-frequency	T079	C0205212
28509710	234	239	probe	T074	C0182400
28509710	243	251	patients	T101	C0030705
28509710	257	274	cardiac tamponade	T047	C0007177
28509710	276	292	Echocardiography	T060	C0013516
28509710	311	320	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28509710	324	344	pericardial effusion	T047	C0031039
28509710	349	358	tamponade	T047	C0007177
28509710	359	369	physiology	T039	C0031843
28509710	371	390	Ultrasound guidance	T060	C0442973
28509710	395	413	pericardiocentesis	T060	C0397466
28509710	442	458	standard of care	T061	C2936643
28509710	468	478	approaches	T169	C1292724
28509710	536	540	site	T082	C0205145
28509710	544	552	puncture	T037	C0033119
28509710	554	564	subxiphoid	T082	C4039027
28509710	566	572	apical	T082	C0205111
28509710	577	588	parasternal	T082	C0442146
28509710	615	621	use of	T169	C1524063
28509710	622	635	low-frequency	T079	C0205213
28509710	636	642	probes	T074	C0182400
28509710	664	672	complete	T080	C0205197
28509710	673	680	control	T080	C0243148
28509710	684	690	needle	T074	C0027551
28509710	691	701	trajectory	T082	C1254362
28509710	706	715	real-time	T079	C1550177
28509710	716	722	needle	T074	C0027551
28509710	723	736	visualization	T060	C0178707
28509710	741	749	in-plane	T082	C1254362
28509710	754	763	real-time	T079	C1550177
28509710	764	773	technique	T169	C0449851
28509710	813	835	retrospective analysis	T062	C0035363
28509710	842	850	patients	T101	C0030705
28509710	856	859	men	T098	C0025266
28509710	866	869	age	T032	C0001779
28509710	881	886	years	T079	C1510829
28509710	904	921	cardiac tamponade	T047	C0007177
28509710	922	930	admitted	T058	C0184666
28509710	938	951	tertiary-care	T058	C3494403
28509710	952	972	emergency department	T058	C0374899
28509710	977	984	treated	T169	C1522326
28509710	990	1001	parasternal	T082	C0442146
28509710	1002	1028	medial-to-lateral in-plane	T082	C1302283
28509710	1029	1047	pericardiocentesis	T060	C0397466
28509710	1080	1086	causes	T169	C0015127
28509710	1090	1107	cardiac tamponade	T047	C0007177
28509710	1133	1143	population	T098	C1257890
28509710	1153	1171	pericardiocentesis	T060	C0397466
28509710	1207	1227	emergency department	T058	C0374899
28509710	1229	1250	without complications	T033	C4032686
28509710	1266	1289	hemodynamic instability	T047	C0948268
28509710	1300	1304	time	T079	C0040223
28509710	1333	1337	step	T077	C1261552
28509710	1338	1347	procedure	T169	C2700391
28509710	1369	1403	no procedure-related complications	T033	C4032686
28509710	1409	1420	parasternal	T082	C0442146
28509710	1421	1447	medial-to-lateral in-plane	T082	C1302283
28509710	1448	1466	pericardiocentesis	T060	C0397466
28509710	1476	1485	technique	T169	C0449851
28509710	1500	1521	free of complications	T033	C4032686
28509710	1537	1546	real-time	T079	C1550177
28509710	1547	1557	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28509710	1561	1567	needle	T074	C0027551
28509710	1568	1578	trajectory	T082	C1254362
28509710	1602	1620	pericardiocentesis	T060	C0397466
28509710	1621	1629	approach	T082	C0449445
28509710	1637	1654	medial-to-lateral	T082	C1302283
28509710	1655	1661	needle	T074	C0027551
28509710	1662	1672	trajectory	T082	C1254362
28509710	1677	1686	real-time	T079	C1550177
28509710	1688	1696	in-plane	T082	C1254362
28509710	1698	1704	needle	T074	C0027551
28509710	1705	1718	visualization	T060	C0178707
28509710	1738	1747	tamponade	T047	C0007177
28509710	1748	1766	patient population	T101	C0030705

28509716|t|Multicenter Patch Testing With Methylchloroisothizoline/Methylisothiazolinone in 100 and 200 ppm Within the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group
28509716|a|The preservative methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) is a well-known contact sensitizer. Historically, there have been different opinions on the optimal patch test concentration of MCI/MI, and both 0.01% and 0.02% aqueous (aq.) have been proposed. In 2011, based on literature reviews, it was recommended that the concentration of 0.02% aq. should be used in the international baseline series. The aim of this study was to verify the recommendation from 2011 by comparing the patch test results from consecutive patch testing with MCI/MI 0.01% and 0.02% in clinics representing countries around the world. Two thousand seven hundred three consecutive patients with dermatitis in 8 dermatology clinics representing 8 countries were patch tested with MCI/MI 0.01% aq. and, in parallel with MCI/MI 0.02% aq., provisionally included in the baseline series. Contact allergy to MCI/MI at 0.01% and 0.02% was found in 3.7% and 5.6% of the patients, respectively (P < 0.001). Methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI 0.02% aq. (dose, 6 μg/cm) diagnoses significantly more contact allergy than 0.01% (dose, 3 μg/cm), without resulting in more adverse reactions. Methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI at 0.02% aq. should therefore be continuously used in the international baseline series.
28509716	0	25	Multicenter Patch Testing	T060	C0030646
28509716	31	77	Methylchloroisothizoline/Methylisothiazolinone	T109	C4294478
28509716	108	155	International Contact Dermatitis Research Group	T093	C1708333
28509716	160	172	preservative	T122	C0033086
28509716	173	222	methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone	T109	C4294478
28509716	224	230	MCI/MI	T109	C4294478
28509716	248	266	contact sensitizer	T129	C0009841
28509716	324	331	optimal	T080	C2698651
28509716	332	342	patch test	T060	C0030646
28509716	343	356	concentration	T081	C1446561
28509716	360	366	MCI/MI	T109	C4294478
28509716	393	400	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28509716	402	405	aq.	T080	C0599956
28509716	445	463	literature reviews	T170	C0282441
28509716	472	483	recommended	T078	C0034866
28509716	493	506	concentration	T081	C1446561
28509716	516	519	aq.	T080	C0599956
28509716	542	571	international baseline series	T170	C0282574
28509716	577	580	aim	T078	C1947946
28509716	589	594	study	T062	C0008972
28509716	602	608	verify	T169	C1711411
28509716	613	627	recommendation	T078	C0034866
28509716	655	665	patch test	T060	C0030646
28509716	666	673	results	T034	C0456984
28509716	679	690	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28509716	691	704	patch testing	T060	C0030646
28509716	710	716	MCI/MI	T109	C4294478
28509716	736	743	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28509716	757	766	countries	T083	C0454664
28509716	778	783	world	T098	C2700280
28509716	818	829	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28509716	830	838	patients	T101	C0030705
28509716	844	854	dermatitis	T047	C0011616
28509716	860	871	dermatology	T091	C0011627
28509716	872	879	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28509716	895	904	countries	T083	C0454664
28509716	910	922	patch tested	T060	C0030646
28509716	928	934	MCI/MI	T109	C4294478
28509716	941	944	aq.	T080	C0599956
28509716	953	961	parallel	T062	C2826345
28509716	967	973	MCI/MI	T109	C4294478
28509716	980	983	aq.	T080	C0599956
28509716	1015	1030	baseline series	T170	C0282574
28509716	1032	1047	Contact allergy	T047	C0162820
28509716	1051	1057	MCI/MI	T109	C4294478
28509716	1111	1119	patients	T101	C0030705
28509716	1147	1177	Methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI	T109	C4294478
28509716	1184	1187	aq.	T080	C0599956
28509716	1189	1193	dose	T081	C0178602
28509716	1204	1213	diagnoses	T033	C0011900
28509716	1214	1232	significantly more	T081	C4055637
28509716	1233	1248	contact allergy	T047	C0162820
28509716	1261	1265	dose	T081	C0178602
28509716	1285	1297	resulting in	T169	C0332294
28509716	1303	1320	adverse reactions	T046	C0559546
28509716	1322	1352	Methylchloroisothiazolinone/MI	T109	C4294478
28509716	1362	1365	aq.	T080	C0599956
28509716	1386	1398	continuously	T078	C0549178
28509716	1411	1440	international baseline series	T170	C0282574

28509989|t|The DNA sequence specificity of bleomycin cleavage in a systematically altered DNA sequence
28509989|a|Bleomycin is an anti-tumour agent that is clinically used to treat several types of cancers. Bleomycin cleaves DNA at specific DNA sequences and recent genome-wide DNA sequencing specificity data indicated that the sequence 5'-RTGT*AY (where T* is the site of bleomycin cleavage, R is G / A and Y is T / C) is preferentially cleaved by bleomycin in human cells. Based on this DNA sequence, we constructed a plasmid clone to explore this bleomycin cleavage preference. By systematic variation of single nucleotides in the 5'-RTGT*AY sequence, we were able to investigate the effect of nucleotide changes on bleomycin cleavage efficiency. We observed that the preferred consensus DNA sequence for bleomycin cleavage in the plasmid clone was 5'-YYGT*AW (where W is A / T). The most highly cleaved sequence was 5'-TCGT*AT and, in fact, the seven most highly cleaved sequences conformed to the consensus sequence 5'-YYGT*AW. A comparison with genome-wide results was also performed and while the core sequence was similar in both environments, the surrounding nucleotides were different.
28509989	4	16	DNA sequence	T086	C0162326
28509989	17	28	specificity	T081	C0037791
28509989	32	41	bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
28509989	42	50	cleavage	T067	C0596311
28509989	56	70	systematically	T169	C0220922
28509989	71	78	altered	T169	C0392747
28509989	79	91	DNA sequence	T086	C0162326
28509989	92	101	Bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
28509989	108	125	anti-tumour agent	T109,T121	C0003392
28509989	153	158	treat	T061	C0087111
28509989	176	183	cancers	T191	C0006826
28509989	185	194	Bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
28509989	195	202	cleaves	T067	C0596311
28509989	203	206	DNA	T114,T123	C0012854
28509989	210	232	specific DNA sequences	T086	C0162326
28509989	244	255	genome-wide	T063	C2350277
28509989	256	270	DNA sequencing	UnknownType	C0687728
28509989	271	282	specificity	T081	C0037791
28509989	288	297	indicated	T033	C1444656
28509989	307	315	sequence	T086	C0162326
28509989	316	326	5'-RTGT*AY	T086	C0004793
28509989	352	361	bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
28509989	362	370	cleavage	T067	C0596311
28509989	377	378	G	T114	C0011502
28509989	381	382	A	T114	C0011473
28509989	392	393	T	T114	C0040090
28509989	396	397	C	T114	C0011493
28509989	417	424	cleaved	T082	C0205242
28509989	428	437	bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
28509989	441	446	human	T016	C0086418
28509989	447	452	cells	T025	C0007634
28509989	468	480	DNA sequence	T086	C0162326
28509989	499	506	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28509989	529	538	bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
28509989	539	547	cleavage	T067	C0596311
28509989	548	558	preference	T078	C0558295
28509989	563	573	systematic	T169	C0220922
28509989	594	605	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
28509989	613	632	5'-RTGT*AY sequence	T086	C0004793
28509989	650	661	investigate	T169	C1292732
28509989	666	672	effect	T080	C1280500
28509989	676	686	nucleotide	T114	C0028630
28509989	687	694	changes	T169	C0392747
28509989	698	707	bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
28509989	708	716	cleavage	T067	C0596311
28509989	717	727	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28509989	732	740	observed	T169	C1441672
28509989	750	759	preferred	T078	C0558295
28509989	760	782	consensus DNA sequence	T086	C0079160
28509989	787	796	bleomycin	T116,T195	C0005740
28509989	797	805	cleavage	T067	C0596311
28509989	813	820	plasmid	T114,T123	C0032136
28509989	821	826	clone	T024	C1522642
28509989	831	841	5'-YYGT*AW	T086	C0004793
28509989	854	855	A	T114	C0011473
28509989	858	859	T	T114	C0040090
28509989	878	885	cleaved	T082	C0205242
28509989	886	894	sequence	T086	C0162326
28509989	899	909	5'-TCGT*AT	T086	C0004793
28509989	946	953	cleaved	T082	C0205242
28509989	954	963	sequences	T086	C0162326
28509989	981	999	consensus sequence	T086	C0079160
28509989	1000	1010	5'-YYGT*AW	T086	C0004793
28509989	1014	1024	comparison	T052	C1707455
28509989	1030	1041	genome-wide	T063	C2350277
28509989	1042	1049	results	T034	C0456984
28509989	1059	1068	performed	T169	C0884358
28509989	1083	1087	core	T082	C0444669
28509989	1088	1096	sequence	T086	C0162326
28509989	1101	1108	similar	T080	C2348205
28509989	1117	1129	environments	T082	C0014406
28509989	1147	1158	nucleotides	T114	C0028630

28511890|t|Intratympanic steroid delivery by an indwelling catheter in refractory severe sudden sensorineural hearing loss
28511890|a|Many studies over the last decade showed favorable outcomes with intratympanic (IT) steroid treatment, alone as salvage treatment or in combination with conventional systemic therapy (ST). However, in severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss resistant to ST, the optimal infusion mode, the type and concentration of the solution, the preferable drug, its total amount, and the duration and fractionation of the treatment are still debated. Aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility and the outcomes of a direct and constant IT delivery of dexamethasone (DEX) by means of a new indwelling catheter. A prospective case-control study in a tertiary referral university hospital. Ninety-nine subjects treated with ST only and 28 with additional IT DEX have been included in the study. A 4 Fr catheter inserted in a sub-annular fashion with a minimal postero-inferior tympanotomy through and endocanalar approach under local anesthesia. DEX 4mg/ml delivered daily, up to 7 days. Daily bone and air-conducted pure tone and speech audiometry were performed with a follow-up at 1, 3, 6 months after treatment. Twenty-one out of 28 patients (75%) refractory to ST gained on average 24.0dB±20.5dB HL after IT - DEX, compared to 35.4% (average 6.7dB±16.6dB HL) of those receiving only medical ST (p<0.001). No significant side effects were noted. In severe to profound sudden deafness refractory to conventional ST, the daily perfusion of 4mg/ml DEX through an intratympanic catheter is an easy, well accepted procedure that enables patients to receive a drug in the middle ear in a repeatable or sustained form, with minimal discomfort and a partial rescue (67.86%) and a speech recognition gain of 39%.
28511890	0	30	Intratympanic steroid delivery	T169	C1517566
28511890	14	21	steroid	T109	C0038317
28511890	37	56	indwelling catheter	T074	C0007439
28511890	60	111	refractory severe sudden sensorineural hearing loss	T047	C4275242
28511890	139	145	decade	T081	C2981279
28511890	163	171	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28511890	177	190	intratympanic	T169	C1517566
28511890	192	194	IT	T169	C1517566
28511890	196	203	steroid	T109	C0038317
28511890	196	213	steroid treatment	T061	C0149783
28511890	224	241	salvage treatment	T061	C0085405
28511890	278	294	systemic therapy	T061	C1515119
28511890	296	298	ST	T061	C1515119
28511890	332	358	sensorineural hearing loss	T047	C4275242
28511890	359	368	resistant	T169	C0332325
28511890	372	374	ST	T061	C1515119
28511890	388	401	infusion mode	T061	C0574032
28511890	407	411	type	T080	C0332307
28511890	416	429	concentration	T081	C0392762
28511890	437	445	solution	T167	C0037633
28511890	462	466	drug	T121	C1254351
28511890	472	484	total amount	T081	C1265611
28511890	494	502	duration	T079	C0444921
28511890	507	520	fractionation	T061	C0524811
28511890	528	537	treatment	T061	C0087111
28511890	581	592	investigate	T169	C1292732
28511890	617	625	outcomes	T080	C0085415
28511890	631	662	direct and constant IT delivery	T169	C1517566
28511890	666	679	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28511890	681	684	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28511890	704	723	indwelling catheter	T074	C0007439
28511890	727	757	prospective case-control study	T062	C0007328
28511890	763	800	tertiary referral university hospital	T073,T093	C0020028
28511890	814	822	subjects	T098	C0080105
28511890	823	830	treated	T169	C1522326
28511890	836	838	ST	T061	C1515119
28511890	867	869	IT	T169	C1517566
28511890	870	873	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28511890	909	922	4 Fr catheter	T074	C0085590
28511890	923	931	inserted	T058	C0441587
28511890	937	956	sub-annular fashion	T080	C0205556
28511890	972	988	postero-inferior	T082	C1179852
28511890	989	1000	tympanotomy	T061	C0087123
28511890	1013	1033	endocanalar approach	T082	C0444470
28511890	1040	1056	local anesthesia	T061	C0002921
28511890	1058	1061	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28511890	1094	1098	days	T079	C0439228
28511890	1106	1138	bone and air-conducted pure tone	T060	C0200273
28511890	1143	1160	speech audiometry	T060	C0004293
28511890	1204	1210	months	T079	C0439231
28511890	1217	1226	treatment	T061	C0087111
28511890	1249	1257	patients	T101	C0030705
28511890	1264	1274	refractory	T169	C0205269
28511890	1278	1280	ST	T061	C1515119
28511890	1313	1315	HL	T033	C0175841
28511890	1322	1324	IT	T169	C1517566
28511890	1327	1330	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28511890	1372	1374	HL	T033	C0175841
28511890	1408	1410	ST	T061	C1515119
28511890	1437	1449	side effects	T046	C0879626
28511890	1484	1499	sudden deafness	T184	C1148477
28511890	1500	1510	refractory	T169	C0205269
28511890	1527	1529	ST	T061	C1515119
28511890	1541	1550	perfusion	T061	C0031001
28511890	1561	1564	DEX	T109,T121	C0011777
28511890	1576	1589	intratympanic	T169	C1517566
28511890	1590	1598	catheter	T074	C0085590
28511890	1648	1656	patients	T101	C0030705
28511890	1670	1674	drug	T121	C1254351
28511890	1682	1692	middle ear	T030	C0013455
28511890	1698	1708	repeatable	T061	C0087111
28511890	1712	1726	sustained form	T122	C1710261
28511890	1741	1772	discomfort and a partial rescue	T062	C3661486
28511890	1788	1806	speech recognition	T041	C0597498

28511906|t|Design, synthesis and anti-tumor activity study of novel histone deacetylase inhibitors containing isatin -based caps and o-phenylenediamine -based zinc binding groups
28511906|a|As a hot topic of epigenetic studies, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are related to lots of diseases, especially cancer. Further researches indicated that different HDAC isoforms played various roles in a wide range of tumor types. Herein a novel series of HDAC inhibitors with isatin -based caps and o-phenylenediamine -based zinc binding groups have been designed and synthesized through scaffold hopping strategy. Among these compounds, the most potent compound 9n exhibited similar if not better HDAC inhibition and antiproliferative activities against multiple tumor cell lines compared with the positive control entinostat (MS-275). Additionally, compared with MS-275 (IC50 values for HDAC1, 2 and 3 were 0.163, 0.396 and 0.605µM, respectively), compound 9n with IC50 values of 0.032, 0.256 and 0.311µM for HDAC1, 2 and 3 respectively, showed a moderate HDAC1 selectivity.
28511906	0	6	Design	T052	C1707689
28511906	8	17	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28511906	22	41	anti-tumor activity	T044	C1148560
28511906	42	47	study	T062	C2603343
28511906	57	87	histone deacetylase inhibitors	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
28511906	99	105	isatin	T109,T121,T130	C0022115
28511906	113	117	caps	T104	C1254350
28511906	122	140	o-phenylenediamine	T109,T131	C0043796
28511906	148	167	zinc binding groups	T104	C1254350
28511906	186	204	epigenetic studies	T091	C1655731
28511906	206	226	histone deacetylases	T116,T126	C0019643
28511906	228	233	HDACs	T116,T126	C0019643
28511906	258	266	diseases	T047	C0012634
28511906	279	285	cancer	T191	C0027651
28511906	295	305	researches	T062	C0035168
28511906	321	330	different	T080	C1705242
28511906	331	344	HDAC isoforms	T116,T126	C0019643
28511906	360	365	roles	T077	C1705810
28511906	385	396	tumor types	T033	C4263544
28511906	413	419	series	T081	C0205549
28511906	423	438	HDAC inhibitors	T116,T121,T126	C1512474
28511906	444	450	isatin	T109,T121,T130	C0022115
28511906	458	462	caps	T104	C1254350
28511906	467	485	o-phenylenediamine	T109,T131	C0043796
28511906	493	512	zinc binding groups	T104	C1254350
28511906	523	531	designed	T052	C1707689
28511906	536	547	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28511906	548	555	through	T169	C0332273
28511906	556	581	scaffold hopping strategy	T059	C0022885
28511906	595	604	compounds	T103	C1706082
28511906	622	633	compound 9n	T103	C1706082
28511906	659	665	better	T080	C0332272
28511906	666	670	HDAC	T116,T126	C0019643
28511906	671	681	inhibition	T039	C1524081
28511906	686	714	antiproliferative activities	T044	C1148560
28511906	723	731	multiple	T081	C0439064
28511906	732	748	tumor cell lines	T025	C0085983
28511906	749	757	compared	T052	C1707455
28511906	767	783	positive control	T077	C1883676
28511906	784	794	entinostat	T109,T121	C2743752
28511906	796	802	MS-275	T109,T121	C1510480
28511906	819	827	compared	T052	C1707455
28511906	833	839	MS-275	T109,T121	C1510480
28511906	841	845	IC50	T081	C0600495
28511906	846	852	values	T081	C1522609
28511906	857	862	HDAC1	T116,T126	C2718309
28511906	864	865	2	T116,T126	C0768528
28511906	870	871	3	T116,T126	C1098658
28511906	918	929	compound 9n	T103	C1706082
28511906	935	939	IC50	T081	C0600495
28511906	940	946	values	T081	C1522609
28511906	979	984	HDAC1	T116,T126	C2718309
28511906	986	987	2	T116,T126	C0768528
28511906	992	993	3	T116,T126	C1098658
28511906	1026	1031	HDAC1	T116,T126	C2718309
28511906	1032	1043	selectivity	T080	C0205556

28512014|t|Expressional divergence of insect GOX genes: From specialist to generalist glucose oxidase
28512014|a|Insect herbivores often secrete glucose oxidase (GOX) onto plants to counteract plant defenses and potential pathogens. Whether generalist herbivores always have significantly higher GOX activities than their specialist counterparts at any comparable stage or conditions and how this is realized remain unknown. To address these two general questions, we subjected larvae of a pair of sister species differed mainly in host range, the generalist Helicoverpa armigera and its specialist counterpart Helicoverpa assulta, to the same sets of stage, protein to digestible carbohydrate (P:C) ratio, allelochemical or host plant treatments for simultaneous analyses of GOX transcripts and activities in their labial glands. GOX activity and transcripts are upregulated concurrently with food ingestion and body growth, downregulated with stopping ingestion and wandering for pupation in both species. The three tested host plants upregulated GOX transcripts, and to a lesser extent, GOX activity in both species. There were significant differences in both GOX transcripts and activity elicited by allelochemicals, but only in GOX transcripts by P:C ratios in both species. GOX activities were higher in H. armigera than H. assulta in all the comparable treatments, but GOX transcripts were significantly higher either in generalists or in specialists, depending on the developmental stages, host plants, P:C ratio and allelochemicals they encounter. These data indicate that the greater GOX activity in generalist herbivores is not achieved by greater transcription rate, but by greater transcript stability, greater translation rate, better enzyme stability and/or their combination.
28512014	0	12	Expressional	T045	C0017262
28512014	13	23	divergence	T082	C0443204
28512014	27	33	insect	T204	C0021585
28512014	34	43	GOX genes	T028	C1415468
28512014	75	90	glucose oxidase	T116,T126	C0017735
28512014	91	108	Insect herbivores	T204	C0021585
28512014	115	122	secrete	T043	C1327616
28512014	123	138	glucose oxidase	T116,T126	C0017735
28512014	140	143	GOX	T116,T126	C0017735
28512014	150	156	plants	T002	C0032098
28512014	160	170	counteract	T053	C1947978
28512014	171	176	plant	T002	C0032098
28512014	177	185	defenses	T077	C1880266
28512014	190	199	potential	T080	C3245505
28512014	200	209	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28512014	230	240	herbivores	T204	C0021585
28512014	253	273	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28512014	274	277	GOX	T116,T126	C0017735
28512014	278	288	activities	T052	C0441655
28512014	311	323	counterparts	T053	C1947978
28512014	456	462	larvae	T204	C0023047
28512014	483	490	species	T185	C1705920
28512014	537	557	Helicoverpa armigera	T204	C1002429
28512014	577	588	counterpart	T053	C1947978
28512014	589	608	Helicoverpa assulta	T204	C1093556
28512014	637	644	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28512014	648	658	digestible	T040	C0012238
28512014	659	671	carbohydrate	T168	C0453802
28512014	685	699	allelochemical	T123	C1135843
28512014	703	713	host plant	UnknownType	C0868970
28512014	714	724	treatments	T169	C1522326
28512014	754	757	GOX	T028	C1415468
28512014	758	769	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28512014	774	784	activities	T052	C0441655
28512014	794	807	labial glands	T023	C0226928
28512014	809	812	GOX	T028	C1415468
28512014	813	821	activity	T052	C0441655
28512014	826	837	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28512014	842	853	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28512014	872	876	food	T168	C0016452
28512014	877	886	ingestion	T038	C0232478
28512014	891	902	body growth	T040	C0231256
28512014	904	917	downregulated	T044	C0013081
28512014	932	941	ingestion	T038	C0232478
28512014	946	955	wandering	T053	C0233569
28512014	960	968	pupation	T040	C1326578
28512014	977	984	species	T185	C1705920
28512014	1003	1014	host plants	UnknownType	C0868970
28512014	1015	1026	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28512014	1027	1030	GOX	T028	C1415468
28512014	1031	1042	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28512014	1068	1071	GOX	T028	C1415468
28512014	1072	1080	activity	T052	C0441655
28512014	1089	1096	species	T185	C1705920
28512014	1141	1144	GOX	T028	C1415468
28512014	1145	1156	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28512014	1161	1169	activity	T052	C0441655
28512014	1182	1197	allelochemicals	T123	C1135843
28512014	1211	1214	GOX	T028	C1415468
28512014	1215	1226	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28512014	1249	1256	species	T185	C1705920
28512014	1258	1261	GOX	T116,T126	C0017735
28512014	1262	1272	activities	T052	C0441655
28512014	1288	1299	H. armigera	T204	C1002429
28512014	1305	1315	H. assulta	T204	C1093556
28512014	1354	1357	GOX	T028	C1415468
28512014	1358	1369	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28512014	1375	1395	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28512014	1454	1474	developmental stages	T079	C0870411
28512014	1476	1487	host plants	UnknownType	C0868970
28512014	1503	1518	allelochemicals	T123	C1135843
28512014	1524	1533	encounter	T053	C1947978
28512014	1541	1545	data	T078	C1511726
28512014	1564	1571	greater	T081	C1704243
28512014	1572	1575	GOX	T116,T126	C0017735
28512014	1576	1584	activity	T052	C0441655
28512014	1599	1609	herbivores	T204	C0021585
28512014	1629	1636	greater	T081	C1704243
28512014	1637	1650	transcription	T045	C0040649
28512014	1672	1682	transcript	T114	C1519595
28512014	1702	1713	translation	T045	C1519614
28512014	1720	1743	better enzyme stability	T044	C0014439

28512060|t|Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of complete mitochondrial genomes for two desert cyprinodontoid fishes, Empetrichthys latos and Crenichthys baileyi
28512060|a|The Pahrump poolfish (Empetrichthys latos) and White River springfish (Crenichthys baileyi) are small-bodied teleost fishes (order Cyprinodontiformes) endemic to the arid Great Basin and Mojave Desert regions of western North America. These taxa survive as small, isolated populations in remote streams and springs and evolved to tolerate extreme conditions of high temperature and low dissolved oxygen. Both species have experienced severe population declines over the last 50-60years that led to some subspecies being categorized with protected status under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Here we report the first sequencing of the complete mitochondrial DNA genomes for both E. l. latos and the moapae subspecies of C. baileyi. Complete mitogenomes of 16,546bp nucleotides were obtained from two E. l. latos individuals collected from introduced populations at Spring Mountain Ranch State Park and Shoshone Ponds Natural Area, Nevada, USA, while a single mitogenome of 16,537bp was sequenced for C. b. moapae. The mitogenomes of both species contain 13 protein - encoding genes, twenty-two tRNAs, and two rRNAs (12S and 18S) following the syntenic arrangement typical of Actinopterygiian fish mitogenomes, as well as D-loop control regions of 858bp for E. latos and 842bp for C. baileyi moapae. The two E. latos individuals exhibited only 0.0181% nucleotide sequence divergence across the entire mitogenome, implying little intraspecific mtDNA genetic variation. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of the poolfish and springfish mitochondrial genomes to available mitogenomes of other Cyprinodontoid fishes confirmed the close relationship of these oviparous Empetrichthys and Crenichthys genera to the viviparous goodeid fishes of central Mexico, and showed the combined clade of these fishes to be a sister group to the Profundulidae killifishes. Despite several significant life history and morphological differences between the Empetrichthyinae and Goodienae, estimates of evolutionary genetic distances using two partial regions of mtDNA point to inclusion of the Empetrichthys and Crenichthys genera within the family Goodeidae along with the goodeid fishes of central Mexico.
28512060	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
28512060	21	42	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
28512060	46	54	complete	T080	C0205197
28512060	55	76	mitochondrial genomes	T028	C1819716
28512060	85	91	desert	T083	C0562523
28512060	92	113	cyprinodontoid fishes	T013	C0022690
28512060	115	134	Empetrichthys latos	T013	C0328561
28512060	139	158	Crenichthys baileyi	T013	C0328546
28512060	163	179	Pahrump poolfish	T013	C0328561
28512060	181	200	Empetrichthys latos	T013	C0328561
28512060	206	228	White River springfish	T013	C0328546
28512060	230	249	Crenichthys baileyi	T013	C0328546
28512060	268	282	teleost fishes	T013	C1028265
28512060	290	308	Cyprinodontiformes	T013	C0010617
28512060	310	317	endemic	T169	C0302891
28512060	325	329	arid	T070	C0011673
28512060	330	341	Great Basin	T083	C0017446
28512060	346	359	Mojave Desert	T083	C0562523
28512060	371	378	western	T082	C1705493
28512060	379	392	North America	T083	C0028405
28512060	400	404	taxa	T077	C1515221
28512060	416	421	small	T081	C0700321
28512060	423	431	isolated	T169	C0205409
28512060	432	443	populations	T098	C1257890
28512060	454	461	streams	T070	C0442540
28512060	466	473	springs	T070	C3179043
28512060	478	485	evolved	T169	C0332253
28512060	498	505	extreme	T080	C0205403
28512060	506	516	conditions	T080	C1883726
28512060	520	536	high temperature	T033	C4060775
28512060	541	544	low	T080	C0205251
28512060	545	561	dissolved oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28512060	568	575	species	T185	C1705920
28512060	593	599	severe	T080	C0205082
28512060	600	619	population declines	UnknownType	C0681670
28512060	662	672	subspecies	T185	C1883207
28512060	679	690	categorized	T052	C0871968
28512060	723	750	U.S. Endangered Species Act	T089	C0680575
28512060	777	787	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28512060	795	803	complete	T080	C0205197
28512060	804	829	mitochondrial DNA genomes	T028	C1819716
28512060	839	850	E. l. latos	T013	C0328561
28512060	859	865	moapae	T013	C1206536
28512060	866	876	subspecies	T185	C1883207
28512060	880	890	C. baileyi	T013	C0328546
28512060	892	900	Complete	T080	C0205197
28512060	901	912	mitogenomes	T028	C1819716
28512060	916	936	16,546bp nucleotides	T114	C0028630
28512060	960	971	E. l. latos	T013	C0328561
28512060	984	993	collected	T169	C1516698
28512060	999	1021	introduced populations	T098	C2936532
28512060	1025	1057	Spring Mountain Ranch State Park	T083	C0017446
28512060	1062	1089	Shoshone Ponds Natural Area	T083	C0017446
28512060	1091	1097	Nevada	T083	C0027951
28512060	1099	1102	USA	T083	C0041703
28512060	1119	1129	mitogenome	T028	C1819716
28512060	1160	1172	C. b. moapae	T013	C0328546
28512060	1178	1189	mitogenomes	T028	C1819716
28512060	1198	1205	species	T185	C1705920
28512060	1217	1224	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28512060	1227	1235	encoding	T052	C2700640
28512060	1236	1241	genes	T028	C0017337
28512060	1254	1259	tRNAs	T114,T123	C0035711
28512060	1269	1274	rRNAs	T114,T123	C0035701
28512060	1303	1311	syntenic	T044	C0314656
28512060	1312	1323	arrangement	T044	C0887940
28512060	1324	1331	typical	T080	C3538928
28512060	1335	1356	Actinopterygiian fish	T013	C3341633
28512060	1357	1368	mitogenomes	T028	C1819716
28512060	1381	1403	D-loop control regions	T082	C1254362
28512060	1417	1425	E. latos	T013	C0328561
28512060	1440	1457	C. baileyi moapae	T013	C0328546
28512060	1467	1475	E. latos	T013	C0328561
28512060	1511	1530	nucleotide sequence	T086	C0004793
28512060	1560	1570	mitogenome	T028	C1819716
28512060	1588	1601	intraspecific	T082	C1254362
28512060	1602	1607	mtDNA	T114,T123	C0012929
28512060	1608	1625	genetic variation	T070	C0042333
28512060	1627	1638	Comparative	T062	C0683941
28512060	1639	1660	phylogenetic analysis	T062	C1519068
28512060	1668	1676	poolfish	T013	C0328561
28512060	1681	1691	springfish	T013	C0328546
28512060	1692	1713	mitochondrial genomes	T028	C1819716
28512060	1717	1726	available	T169	C0470187
28512060	1727	1738	mitogenomes	T028	C1819716
28512060	1748	1769	Cyprinodontoid fishes	T013	C0022690
28512060	1770	1779	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28512060	1790	1802	relationship	T080	C0439849
28512060	1812	1821	oviparous	T042	C1568405
28512060	1822	1835	Empetrichthys	T013	C1004559
28512060	1840	1851	Crenichthys	T013	C1002246
28512060	1852	1858	genera	T185	C1708235
28512060	1866	1876	viviparous	T042	C1568403
28512060	1877	1891	goodeid fishes	T013	C1002245
28512060	1895	1902	central	T082	C0205099
28512060	1903	1909	Mexico	T083	C0025885
28512060	1926	1934	combined	T080	C0205195
28512060	1950	1956	fishes	T013	C0016163
28512060	1985	1998	Profundulidae	T013	C1002254
28512060	1999	2010	killifishes	T013	C0022690
28512060	2028	2039	significant	T078	C0750502
28512060	2040	2052	life history	T032	C0598779
28512060	2057	2070	morphological	T082	C0543482
28512060	2071	2082	differences	T081	C1705241
28512060	2095	2111	Empetrichthyinae	T013	C1004559
28512060	2116	2125	Goodienae	T013	C1002245
28512060	2127	2136	estimates	T081	C0750572
28512060	2153	2160	genetic	T169	C0314603
28512060	2161	2170	distances	T081	C0012751
28512060	2181	2188	partial	T081	C0728938
28512060	2189	2196	regions	T082	C0205147
28512060	2200	2205	mtDNA	T114,T123	C0012929
28512060	2232	2245	Empetrichthys	T013	C1004559
28512060	2250	2261	Crenichthys	T013	C1002246
28512060	2262	2268	genera	T185	C1708235
28512060	2280	2286	family	T077	C1704727
28512060	2287	2296	Goodeidae	T013	C1002245
28512060	2312	2326	goodeid fishes	T013	C1002245
28512060	2330	2337	central	T082	C0205099
28512060	2338	2344	Mexico	T083	C0025885

28512111|t|An Initial Evaluation of the Impact of Pokémon GO on Physical Activity
28512111|a|Pokémon GO is a location -based augmented reality game. Using GPS and the camera on a smartphone, the game requires players to travel in real world to capture animated creatures, called Pokémon. We examined the impact of Pokémon GO on physical activity (PA). A pre-post observational study of 167 Pokémon GO players who were self-enrolled through recruitment flyers or online social media was performed. Participants were instructed to provide screenshots of their step counts recorded by the iPhone Health app between June 15 and July 31, 2016, which was 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after the Pokémon GO release date. Of 167 participants, the median age was 25 years (interquartile range, 21-29 years). The daily average steps of participants at baseline was 5678 (SD, 2833; median, 5718 [interquartile range, 3675-7279]). After initiation of Pokémon GO, daily activity rose to 7654 steps (SD, 3616; median, 7232 [interquartile range, 5041-9744], pre-post change: 1976; 95% CI, 1494-2458, or a 34.8% relative increase [P<0.001]). On average, 10 000 " XP" points (a measure of game progression) was associated with 2134 additional steps per day (95% CI, 1673-2595), suggesting a potential dose-response relationship. The number of participants achieving a goal of 10 000+ steps per day increased from 15.3% before to 27.5% after (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.70-2.50). Increased PA was also observed in subgroups, with the largest increases seen in participants who spent more time playing Pokémon GO, those who were overweight / obese, or those with a lower baseline PA level. Pokémon GO participation was associated with a significant increase in PA among young adults. Incorporating PA into gameplay may provide an alternative way to promote PA in persons who are attracted to the game. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02888314.
28512111	11	21	Evaluation	T170	C0015196
28512111	29	35	Impact	T080	C4049986
28512111	39	49	Pokémon GO	T170	C0282574
28512111	53	70	Physical Activity	T056	C0026606
28512111	71	81	Pokémon GO	T170	C0282574
28512111	87	95	location	T082	C0450429
28512111	121	125	game	T073	C0042649
28512111	133	136	GPS	T073	C2350032
28512111	145	151	camera	T073	C0179547
28512111	157	167	smartphone	T073	C3204335
28512111	173	177	game	T073	C0042649
28512111	187	194	players	T098	C1257890
28512111	198	204	travel	T056	C0040802
28512111	213	218	world	T098	C2700280
28512111	230	248	animated creatures	T170	C0282574
28512111	257	264	Pokémon	UnknownType	C0681447
28512111	269	277	examined	T033	C0332128
28512111	282	288	impact	T080	C4049986
28512111	292	302	Pokémon GO	T170	C0282574
28512111	306	323	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28512111	325	327	PA	T056	C0026606
28512111	332	360	pre-post observational study	T062	C1518527
28512111	368	378	Pokémon GO	T170	C0282574
28512111	379	386	players	T098	C1257890
28512111	396	409	self-enrolled	T058	C1516879
28512111	418	429	recruitment	T052	C2949735
28512111	430	436	flyers	T170	C0683877
28512111	440	446	online	T073,T170	C0029038
28512111	447	459	social media	T170	C3179065
28512111	475	487	Participants	T098	C0679646
28512111	515	526	screenshots	T170	C1704922
28512111	536	547	step counts	T081	C1651669
28512111	564	581	iPhone Health app	T170	C3658310
28512111	664	674	Pokémon GO	T170	C0282574
28512111	696	708	participants	T098	C0679646
28512111	714	724	median age	T032	C0001779
28512111	739	758	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28512111	778	783	daily	T079	C0332173
28512111	784	791	average	T081	C1510992
28512111	792	797	steps	T081	C1651669
28512111	801	813	participants	T098	C0679646
28512111	817	825	baseline	T081	C1442488
28512111	836	838	SD	T081	C0871420
28512111	846	852	median	T081	C0876920
28512111	860	879	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28512111	900	910	initiation	T169	C1704686
28512111	914	924	Pokémon GO	T170	C0282574
28512111	926	940	daily activity	T056	C0871707
28512111	941	945	rose	T081	C0205217
28512111	954	959	steps	T081	C1651669
28512111	961	963	SD	T081	C0871420
28512111	971	977	median	T081	C0876920
28512111	985	1004	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28512111	1045	1047	CI	T081	C0009667
28512111	1122	1132	XP" points	T170	C0282574
28512111	1147	1151	game	T073	C0042649
28512111	1152	1163	progression	T169	C0449258
28512111	1169	1184	associated with	T080	C0332281
28512111	1190	1200	additional	T169	C1524062
28512111	1201	1206	steps	T081	C1651669
28512111	1207	1214	per day	T079	C0439505
28512111	1220	1222	CI	T081	C0009667
28512111	1259	1285	dose-response relationship	T038	C0678790
28512111	1301	1313	participants	T098	C0679646
28512111	1314	1330	achieving a goal	T033	C1272277
28512111	1342	1347	steps	T081	C1651669
28512111	1348	1355	per day	T079	C0439505
28512111	1356	1365	increased	T081	C0205217
28512111	1400	1410	odds ratio	T081	C0028873
28512111	1422	1424	CI	T081	C0009667
28512111	1438	1450	Increased PA	T033	C4039165
28512111	1472	1481	subgroups	T185	C1515021
28512111	1518	1530	participants	T098	C0679646
28512111	1551	1558	playing	T056	C0032214
28512111	1559	1569	Pokémon GO	T170	C0282574
28512111	1586	1596	overweight	T098	C3825277
28512111	1599	1604	obese	T032	C0424612
28512111	1628	1636	baseline	T081	C1442488
28512111	1637	1639	PA	T056	C0026606
28512111	1647	1657	Pokémon GO	T170	C0282574
28512111	1676	1691	associated with	T080	C0332281
28512111	1694	1720	significant increase in PA	T033	C3694428
28512111	1727	1739	young adults	T100	C0238598
28512111	1755	1757	PA	T056	C0026606
28512111	1763	1771	gameplay	T056	C0032214
28512111	1814	1816	PA	T056	C0026606
28512111	1820	1827	persons	T098	C0027361
28512111	1853	1857	game	T073	C0042649

28513195|t|Binge drinking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions
28513195|a|Binge drinking (also called heavy episodic drinking, risky single-occasion drinking etc.) is a major public health problem. This paper provides an overview of recently published evidence concerning the definition and measuremen t, prevalence rates, health impact, demographic and psychosocial correlates of, and interventions for, binge drinking. Narrative review. Mostly occurring among young people at weekends, binge drinking increases the risk of both acute (e.g. injuries) and long-term negative consequences (e.g. alcohol disorders). Binge drinkers tend to be extrovert, impulsive and sensation-seeking. Stress, anxiety, traumatic events and depression are also related to binge drinking. Both alcohol-related behaviour of parents and general parenting (e.g. parenting styles, monitoring) are also important. Other major risk factors for binge drinking are frequently spending time with friends who drink, and the drinking norms observed in the wider social environment (e.g. school, community, culture). Emergency departments, birthday parties, fraternities and the workplace serve as settings for interventions; these are increasingly delivered via digital and mobile technology. There is evidence of small-sized effects across approaches (brief interventions, personalised normative feedback, protective behavioural strategies etc.) and populations. A more consistent terminology, investigating multi-level influences and identifying the most effective intervention components are challenges for future research.
28513195	0	14	Binge drinking	T055	C0556346
28513195	16	29	Health impact	T058	C3494320
28513195	31	41	prevalence	T081	C0033106
28513195	43	53	correlates	T041	C0871178
28513195	58	71	interventions	T061	C0184661
28513195	72	86	Binge drinking	T055	C0556346
28513195	100	123	heavy episodic drinking	T048	C0687132
28513195	131	146	single-occasion	T079	C1254367
28513195	147	155	drinking	T055	C0001948
28513195	173	194	public health problem	T033	C1398682
28513195	240	258	published evidence	T170	C0993637
28513195	274	284	definition	T170	C1704788
28513195	289	299	measuremen	T169	C0242485
28513195	303	319	prevalence rates	T081	C0220900
28513195	321	334	health impact	T058	C3494320
28513195	336	347	demographic	T062	C0011289
28513195	352	375	psychosocial correlates	T041	C0871178
28513195	384	397	interventions	T061	C0184661
28513195	403	417	binge drinking	T055	C0556346
28513195	419	435	Narrative review	UnknownType	C0815257
28513195	460	465	young	T079	C0332239
28513195	466	472	people	T098	C0027361
28513195	476	484	weekends	T079	C0680190
28513195	486	500	binge drinking	T055	C0556346
28513195	501	510	increases	T169	C0442805
28513195	515	519	risk	T078	C0035647
28513195	528	533	acute	T079	C0205178
28513195	540	548	injuries	T037	C3263722
28513195	554	563	long-term	T079	C0443252
28513195	573	585	consequences	T169	C0686907
28513195	592	609	alcohol disorders	T048	C0001956
28513195	612	626	Binge drinkers	T033	C0556335
28513195	638	647	extrovert	T041	C0557871
28513195	649	658	impulsive	T055	C0021125
28513195	663	680	sensation-seeking	T055	C0871336
28513195	682	688	Stress	T048	C0038443
28513195	690	697	anxiety	T033	C0003467
28513195	699	708	traumatic	T169	C0332663
28513195	709	715	events	T051	C0441471
28513195	720	730	depression	T048	C0011570
28513195	740	747	related	T080	C0439849
28513195	751	765	binge drinking	T055	C0556346
28513195	772	808	alcohol-related behaviour of parents	T054	C0085092
28513195	821	830	parenting	T054	C0085092
28513195	837	853	parenting styles	T080	C1510623
28513195	855	865	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28513195	899	911	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28513195	916	930	binge drinking	T055	C0556346
28513195	955	959	time	T079	C0040223
28513195	965	972	friends	T098	C0079382
28513195	977	982	drink	T055	C0001948
28513195	992	1006	drinking norms	T054	C0740872
28513195	1029	1047	social environment	T078	C0037414
28513195	1054	1060	school	T073,T092	C0036375
28513195	1062	1071	community	T096	C0009462
28513195	1073	1080	culture	T169	C0220814
28513195	1083	1104	Emergency departments	T058	C0374899
28513195	1106	1114	birthday	T079	C2826645
28513195	1115	1122	parties	T077	C1518904
28513195	1124	1136	fraternities	T092	C1561598
28513195	1145	1154	workplace	T082	C0162579
28513195	1177	1190	interventions	T061	C0184661
28513195	1229	1258	digital and mobile technology	T090	C0039421
28513195	1269	1277	evidence	T078	C3887511
28513195	1293	1300	effects	T080	C1280500
28513195	1308	1318	approaches	T169	C1292724
28513195	1320	1339	brief interventions	T058	C0814459
28513195	1341	1353	personalised	T032	C1519021
28513195	1354	1372	normative feedback	T041	C2911691
28513195	1374	1396	protective behavioural	T053	C4060711
28513195	1397	1407	strategies	T041	C0679199
28513195	1418	1429	populations	T098	C1257890
28513195	1449	1460	terminology	T170	C0028275
28513195	1462	1475	investigating	T169	C1292732
28513195	1488	1498	influences	T077	C4054723
28513195	1524	1533	effective	T080	C1280519
28513195	1534	1546	intervention	T061	C0184661
28513195	1577	1583	future	T079	C0016884
28513195	1584	1592	research	T062	C0035168

28513626|t|Fabrication of cerebral aneurysm simulator with a desktop 3D printer
28513626|a|Now, more and more patients are suffering cerebral aneurysm. However, long training time limits the rapid growth of cerebrovascular neurosurgeons. Here we developed a novel cerebral aneurysm simulator which can be better represented the dynamic bulging process of cerebral aneurysm The proposed simulator features the integration of a hollow elastic vascular model, a skull model and a brain model, which can be affordably fabricated at the clinic (Fab@Clinic), under $25.00 each with the help of a low-cost desktop 3D printer. Moreover, the clinical blood flow and pulsation pressure similar to the human can be well simulated, which can be used to train the neurosurgical residents how to clip aneurysms more effectively.
28513626	0	11	Fabrication	T090	C0682029
28513626	15	32	cerebral aneurysm	T047	C0917996
28513626	33	42	simulator	T074	C0183309
28513626	50	68	desktop 3D printer	T073	C3852948
28513626	88	96	patients	T101	C0030705
28513626	101	110	suffering	T033	C0231303
28513626	111	128	cerebral aneurysm	T047	C0917996
28513626	139	152	long training	T065	C0220931
28513626	153	157	time	T079	C0040223
28513626	158	164	limits	T169	C0439801
28513626	169	174	rapid	T080	C0456962
28513626	185	200	cerebrovascular	T080	C1880018
28513626	201	214	neurosurgeons	T097	C0237427
28513626	236	241	novel	T080	C0205314
28513626	242	259	cerebral aneurysm	T047	C0917996
28513626	260	269	simulator	T074	C0183309
28513626	283	289	better	T080	C0332272
28513626	306	321	dynamic bulging	T033	C0038999
28513626	322	329	process	T067	C1522240
28513626	333	350	cerebral aneurysm	T047	C0917996
28513626	364	373	simulator	T074	C0183309
28513626	374	382	features	T080	C2348519
28513626	404	433	hollow elastic vascular model	T075	C0026339
28513626	437	448	skull model	T075	C0026339
28513626	455	466	brain model	T075	C0026339
28513626	492	502	fabricated	T090	C0682029
28513626	510	516	clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28513626	518	528	Fab@Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28513626	568	576	low-cost	T081	C0010186
28513626	577	595	desktop 3D printer	T073	C3852948
28513626	611	619	clinical	T080	C0205210
28513626	620	630	blood flow	T039	C0005775
28513626	635	653	pulsation pressure	T040	C0949236
28513626	669	674	human	T016	C0086418
28513626	687	696	simulated	T169	C0205173
28513626	719	724	train	T065	C0683844
28513626	729	752	neurosurgical residents	T097	C0237427
28513626	760	764	clip	T061	C1283066
28513626	765	774	aneurysms	T047	C0002940
28513626	780	791	effectively	T080	C1704419

28513923|t|Histological variability and consequences in chronic bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis
28513923|a|Lobar and temporal histological variability in chronic bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis (BRHP) has not been clearly elucidated. This study was designed to evaluate the spatio-temporal histopathological variability in chronic BRHP. Fifty-two patients with chronic BRHP who underwent a surgical lung biopsy (SLB) between 1992 and 2008 were evaluated. The histopathological characteristics of the lung biopsy specimens were classified by the 2002 American Thoracic Society / European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) consensus classification of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). Autopsy specimens from seven patients were also evaluated to examine the serial changes from SLB to autopsy. In a study of lobar histological variability based on the findings of SLB, 7 patients were diagnosed with cellular nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) pattern, 16 with fibrotic NSIP pattern, 20 with fibrotic NSIP pattern and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (discordant UIP) pattern and 9 with UIP (concordant UIP) pattern. In a study of sequential changes, specimens of SLBs with fibrotic NSIP pattern changed to a bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia (BIP) pattern or UIP pattern. Interlobar and intralobar histological variability is present in chronic BRHP. In several patients with chronic BRHP, a fibrotic NSIP pattern may be an early lesion that progresses to a UIP pattern.
28513923	0	12	Histological	T169	C0205462
28513923	13	24	variability	T077	C2827666
28513923	29	41	consequences	T169	C0686907
28513923	45	52	chronic	T079	C0205191
28513923	53	94	bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis	T047	C0005592
28513923	95	100	Lobar	T080	C1522010
28513923	105	113	temporal	T079	C2362314
28513923	114	126	histological	T169	C0205462
28513923	127	138	variability	T077	C2827666
28513923	142	149	chronic	T079	C0205191
28513923	150	191	bird-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis	T047	C0005592
28513923	193	197	BRHP	T047	C0005592
28513923	237	242	study	T062	C2603343
28513923	259	267	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28513923	272	287	spatio-temporal	T062	C3494293
28513923	288	305	histopathological	T169	C0243140
28513923	306	317	variability	T077	C2827666
28513923	321	328	chronic	T079	C0205191
28513923	329	333	BRHP	T047	C0005592
28513923	345	353	patients	T101	C0030705
28513923	359	366	chronic	T079	C0205191
28513923	367	371	BRHP	T047	C0005592
28513923	388	396	surgical	T061	C0543467
28513923	397	408	lung biopsy	T060	C0189485
28513923	410	413	SLB	T060	C0189485
28513923	457	490	histopathological characteristics	T169	C0243140
28513923	498	519	lung biopsy specimens	T024	C0586651
28513923	548	573	American Thoracic Society	T094	C0037459
28513923	576	604	European Respiratory Society	T094	C0037459
28513923	606	613	ATS/ERS	T094	C0037459
28513923	615	639	consensus classification	T185	C0008902
28513923	643	677	idiopathic interstitial pneumonias	T047	C2350236
28513923	679	683	IIPs	T047	C2350236
28513923	686	693	Autopsy	T060	C0004398
28513923	694	703	specimens	T167	C0370003
28513923	715	723	patients	T101	C0030705
28513923	734	743	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28513923	779	782	SLB	T060	C0189485
28513923	786	793	autopsy	T060	C0004398
28513923	800	805	study	T062	C2603343
28513923	809	814	lobar	T080	C1522010
28513923	815	827	histological	T169	C0205462
28513923	828	839	variability	T077	C2827666
28513923	853	861	findings	T033	C2825141
28513923	865	868	SLB	T060	C0189485
28513923	872	880	patients	T101	C0030705
28513923	886	895	diagnosed	T062	C1704656
28513923	910	944	nonspecific interstitial pneumonia	T047	C1290344
28513923	946	950	NSIP	T047	C1290344
28513923	969	977	fibrotic	T169	C0334129
28513923	978	982	NSIP	T047	C1290344
28513923	1000	1008	fibrotic	T169	C0334129
28513923	1009	1013	NSIP	T047	C1290344
28513923	1026	1054	usual interstitial pneumonia	T047	C1800706
28513923	1056	1059	UIP	T047	C1800706
28513923	1062	1072	discordant	T077	C3639994
28513923	1073	1076	UIP	T047	C1800706
28513923	1097	1100	UIP	T047	C1800706
28513923	1102	1112	concordant	T077	C1254372
28513923	1113	1116	UIP	T047	C1800706
28513923	1141	1151	sequential	T080	C1705294
28513923	1152	1159	changes	T081	C1705241
28513923	1161	1170	specimens	T024	C0677862
28513923	1174	1178	SLBs	T060	C0189485
28513923	1184	1192	fibrotic	T169	C0334129
28513923	1193	1197	NSIP	T047	C1290344
28513923	1219	1259	bronchiolocentric interstitial pneumonia	T047	C0206061
28513923	1261	1264	BIP	T047	C0206061
28513923	1277	1280	UIP	T047	C1800706
28513923	1290	1300	Interlobar	T082	C1512855
28513923	1305	1315	intralobar	T082	C1254362
28513923	1316	1328	histological	T169	C0205462
28513923	1329	1340	variability	T077	C2827666
28513923	1355	1362	chronic	T079	C0205191
28513923	1363	1367	BRHP	T047	C0005592
28513923	1380	1388	patients	T101	C0030705
28513923	1394	1401	chronic	T079	C0205191
28513923	1402	1406	BRHP	T047	C0005592
28513923	1410	1418	fibrotic	T169	C0334129
28513923	1419	1423	NSIP	T047	C1290344
28513923	1448	1454	lesion	T033	C0221198
28513923	1476	1479	UIP	T047	C1800706

28514301|t|Unusual axillary metastasis of recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer: A case report
28514301|a|Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a high propensity of metastasis. The most commonly described sites of distant metastasis are the bones, lungs, and liver, whereas axillary metastasis is seldom reported. We hereby present the case of a 66-year-old man with NPC, cT2N2M0, at diagnosis. He had completed chemoradiotherapy and been disease-free for 7 years. After that period, late recurrence in the form of a solitary axillary lymph node metastasis was detected and confirmed by core-needle biopsy. The lesion was chemoresistant but responded to salvage radiotherapy at a dose of 65 Gy in 21 fractions. Post-radiotherapy positron emission tomography scan showed no evidence of disease. We suggested that long-term follow-up of NPC patients is important because a late relapse may occur at an unusual site. Aggressive management of solitary metastasis may achieve good outcome.
28514301	0	7	Unusual	T080	C2700116
28514301	8	27	axillary metastasis	T191	C0684830
28514301	31	40	recurrent	T079	C2945760
28514301	41	62	nasopharyngeal cancer	T191	C0153392
28514301	78	102	Nasopharyngeal carcinoma	T191	C2931822
28514301	104	107	NPC	T191	C2931822
28514301	134	144	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28514301	174	179	sites	T029	C0005898
28514301	191	201	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28514301	210	215	bones	T023	C0262950
28514301	217	222	lungs	T023	C0024109
28514301	228	233	liver	T023	C0023884
28514301	243	262	axillary metastasis	T191	C0684830
28514301	305	309	case	T077	C1706256
28514301	327	330	man	T032	C0086582
28514301	336	339	NPC	T191	C2931822
28514301	341	348	cT2N2M0	T185	C0475284
28514301	353	362	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28514301	381	398	chemoradiotherapy	T061	C0436307
28514301	408	420	disease-free	T081	C0242793
28514301	427	432	years	T079	C0439234
28514301	458	468	recurrence	T046	C2825055
28514301	486	525	solitary axillary lymph node metastasis	UnknownType	C0741344
28514301	530	538	detected	T033	C0442726
28514301	543	552	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28514301	556	574	core-needle biopsy	T060	C1318309
28514301	580	586	lesion	T033	C0221198
28514301	591	605	chemoresistant	T039	C1514892
28514301	623	643	salvage radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28514301	649	653	dose	T081	C0034620
28514301	698	731	positron emission tomography scan	T060	C0032743
28514301	739	761	no evidence of disease	T033	C1518340
28514301	781	800	long-term follow-up	T058	C1517942
28514301	804	816	NPC patients	T101	C0030705
28514301	840	852	late relapse	T033	C4054664
28514301	869	881	unusual site	T029	C0005898
28514301	883	904	Aggressive management	T058	C0376636
28514301	917	927	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28514301	945	952	outcome	T080	C0085415

28514486|t|Efficacy of 42 Pharmacologic Cotreatment Strategies Added to Antipsychotic Monotherapy in Schizophrenia: Systematic Overview and Quality Appraisal of the Meta-analytic Evidence
28514486|a|Limited treatment responses in schizophrenia prompted the testing of combining an antipsychotic drug treatment with a second psychotropic medication. A comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of multiple medication combinations is missing. To summarize and compare the meta-analytically determined efficacy of pharmacologic combination strategies of antipsychotic drugs in adults with schizophrenia. Systematic search of PubMed and PsycInfo until May 13, 2016. Meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy of antipsychotic drugs combined with other antipsychotic or nonantipsychotic medications vs placebos or antipsychotic monotherapy among adults with schizophrenia. Independent reviewers extracted the data and assessed the quality of the methods of the included meta-analyses using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), adding 6 new items to rate their quality. Effect sizes, expressed as standardized mean difference /Hedges g or risk ratio, were compared separately for combinations with any antipsychotic drug and for combinations with clozapine. The primary outcome was total symptom reduction. Secondary outcomes included positive and negative symptoms, treatment recommendations by authors, study-defined inefficacies, cognitive and depressive symptoms, discontinuation of treatment because of any cause, and inefficacies or intolerabilities. Of 3397 publications, 29 meta-analyses testing 42 combination strategies in 381 individual trials and among 19 833 participants were included. For total symptom reductions, 32 strategies that augmented any antipsychotic drug and 5 strategies that augmented clozapine were examined. Fourteen combination treatments outperformed controls (standard mean difference /Hedges g, -1.27 [95% CI, -2.35 to -0.19] to -0.23 [95% CI, -0.44 to -0.02]; P = .05). No combination strategies with clozapine outperformed controls. The quality of the methods of the meta-analyses was generally high (mean score, 9 of a maximum score of 11) but the quality of the meta-analyzed studies was low (mean score, 2.8 of a maximum score of 8). Treatment recommendations correlated with the effect size (correlation coefficient, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.35-0.10; P < .001), yet effect sizes were inversely correlated with study quality (correlation coefficient, -0.06; 95% CI, 0.01 to -0.12; P = .02). Meta-analyses of 21 interventions fully or partially recommended their use, with recommendations being positively correlated with the effect sizes of the pooled intervention. However, the effect sizes were inversely correlated with meta-analyzed study quality, reducing confidence in these recommendations. Higher - quality trials and patient -based meta-analyses are needed to determine whether subpopulations might benefit from combination treatment, as no single strategy can be recommended for patients with schizophrenia based on the current meta-analytic literature.
28514486	0	8	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28514486	15	28	Pharmacologic	T121	C1254351
28514486	29	40	Cotreatment	T061	C0087111
28514486	61	74	Antipsychotic	T121	C0040615
28514486	75	86	Monotherapy	T061	C0087111
28514486	90	103	Schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28514486	129	136	Quality	T080	C0332306
28514486	154	167	Meta-analytic	T062	C0920317
28514486	168	176	Evidence	T078	C3887511
28514486	185	194	treatment	T061	C0087111
28514486	195	204	responses	T032	C0871261
28514486	208	221	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28514486	259	277	antipsychotic drug	T121	C0040615
28514486	278	287	treatment	T061	C0087111
28514486	302	314	psychotropic	T121	C0033978
28514486	315	325	medication	T121	C0013227
28514486	343	353	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28514486	361	369	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28514486	382	392	medication	T121	C0013227
28514486	393	405	combinations	T121	C0013162
28514486	447	464	meta-analytically	T062	C0920317
28514486	476	484	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28514486	488	501	pharmacologic	T121	C1254351
28514486	502	513	combination	T121	C0013162
28514486	528	547	antipsychotic drugs	T121	C0040615
28514486	551	557	adults	T100	C0001675
28514486	563	576	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28514486	599	605	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28514486	610	618	PsycInfo	T170	C1140129
28514486	639	652	Meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28514486	656	682	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28514486	697	705	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28514486	709	728	antipsychotic drugs	T121	C0040615
28514486	749	762	antipsychotic	T121	C0040615
28514486	766	794	nonantipsychotic medications	T121	C0013227
28514486	798	806	placebos	T122	C1696465
28514486	810	823	antipsychotic	T121	C0040615
28514486	824	835	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
28514486	842	848	adults	T100	C0001675
28514486	854	867	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28514486	881	890	reviewers	T098	C1882950
28514486	905	909	data	T078	C1511726
28514486	927	934	quality	T080	C0332306
28514486	942	949	methods	T170	C0025663
28514486	966	979	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28514486	988	1033	Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews	T170	C1955832
28514486	1035	1041	AMSTAR	T170	C1955832
28514486	1077	1084	quality	T080	C0332306
28514486	1086	1098	Effect sizes	T081	C0814843
28514486	1113	1141	standardized mean difference	T201	C1828170
28514486	1155	1165	risk ratio	T081	C0028873
28514486	1196	1208	combinations	T121	C0013162
28514486	1218	1236	antipsychotic drug	T121	C0040615
28514486	1245	1257	combinations	T121	C0013162
28514486	1263	1272	clozapine	T109,T121	C0009079
28514486	1304	1311	symptom	T184	C1457887
28514486	1312	1321	reduction	T080	C0392756
28514486	1351	1359	positive	T033	C1446409
28514486	1364	1372	negative	T033	C0205160
28514486	1373	1381	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28514486	1383	1408	treatment recommendations	T058	C0582427
28514486	1435	1447	inefficacies	T033	C0231184
28514486	1449	1458	cognitive	T169	C1516691
28514486	1463	1482	depressive symptoms	T184	C0086132
28514486	1484	1499	discontinuation	T058	C0457454
28514486	1503	1512	treatment	T061	C0087111
28514486	1539	1551	inefficacies	T033	C0231184
28514486	1598	1611	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28514486	1623	1634	combination	T121	C0013162
28514486	1653	1663	individual	T098	C0237401
28514486	1688	1700	participants	T098	C0679646
28514486	1726	1733	symptom	T184	C1457887
28514486	1734	1744	reductions	T061	C0441610
28514486	1779	1797	antipsychotic drug	T121	C0040615
28514486	1830	1839	clozapine	T109,T121	C0009079
28514486	1864	1875	combination	T121	C0013162
28514486	1876	1886	treatments	T061	C0087111
28514486	1910	1934	standard mean difference	T201	C1828170
28514486	1957	1959	CI	T081	C0009667
28514486	1991	1993	CI	T081	C0009667
28514486	2025	2036	combination	T121	C0013162
28514486	2053	2062	clozapine	T109,T121	C0009079
28514486	2090	2097	quality	T080	C0332306
28514486	2105	2112	methods	T170	C0025663
28514486	2120	2133	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28514486	2148	2152	high	T080	C0205250
28514486	2154	2164	mean score	T033	C3533236
28514486	2173	2186	maximum score	T081	C0449820
28514486	2202	2209	quality	T080	C0332306
28514486	2217	2238	meta-analyzed studies	T062	C0920317
28514486	2243	2246	low	T080	C0205251
28514486	2248	2258	mean score	T033	C3533236
28514486	2269	2282	maximum score	T081	C0449820
28514486	2290	2315	Treatment recommendations	T058	C0582427
28514486	2336	2347	effect size	T081	C0814843
28514486	2349	2372	correlation coefficient	T081	C0392762
28514486	2384	2386	CI	T081	C0009667
28514486	2414	2426	effect sizes	T081	C0814843
28514486	2464	2471	quality	T080	C0332306
28514486	2473	2496	correlation coefficient	T081	C0392762
28514486	2509	2511	CI	T081	C0009667
28514486	2538	2551	Meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28514486	2619	2634	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28514486	2641	2651	positively	T033	C1446409
28514486	2672	2684	effect sizes	T081	C0814843
28514486	2726	2738	effect sizes	T081	C0814843
28514486	2770	2789	meta-analyzed study	T062	C0920317
28514486	2790	2797	quality	T080	C0332306
28514486	2799	2807	reducing	T080	C0392756
28514486	2808	2818	confidence	T041	C1704726
28514486	2828	2843	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28514486	2845	2851	Higher	T080	C0205250
28514486	2854	2861	quality	T080	C0332306
28514486	2873	2880	patient	T101	C0030705
28514486	2888	2901	meta-analyses	T062	C0920317
28514486	2934	2948	subpopulations	T098	C1257890
28514486	2968	2979	combination	T121	C0013162
28514486	2980	2989	treatment	T061	C0087111
28514486	3036	3044	patients	T101	C0030705
28514486	3050	3063	schizophrenia	T048	C0036341
28514486	3085	3098	meta-analytic	T062	C0920317
28514486	3099	3109	literature	T170	C0023866

28514681|t|Only Two Can Tango: Mast Cells Displace Epithelial Cells to Dance with ILC2s
28514681|a|Mast cells have been implicated in protective immunity to helminth infection, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Shimokawa et al., 2017 report that mast cells are a bridge linking dying epithelial cells with effector type 2 innate lymphoid cells.
28514681	20	30	Mast Cells	T025	C0024880
28514681	31	39	Displace	T169	C0559956
28514681	40	56	Epithelial Cells	T025	C0014597
28514681	60	65	Dance	T052	C2986575
28514681	71	76	ILC2s	T025	C0086574
28514681	77	87	Mast cells	T025	C0024880
28514681	98	108	implicated	T080	C0205556
28514681	112	131	protective immunity	T039	C0020964
28514681	135	153	helminth infection	T047	C0018889
28514681	163	170	precise	T080	C2828393
28514681	171	180	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28514681	189	196	unclear	T033	C3845108
28514681	206	211	issue	T170	C1706387
28514681	215	223	Immunity	T039	C0020964
28514681	225	234	Shimokawa	T016	C0086418
28514681	248	254	report	T170	C0684224
28514681	260	270	mast cells	T025	C0024880
28514681	277	291	bridge linking	T052	C2986575
28514681	292	297	dying	T043	C0007587
28514681	298	314	epithelial cells	T025	C0014597
28514681	320	357	effector type 2 innate lymphoid cells	T025	C0086574

28515226|t|A neutralizing anti-G-CSFR antibody blocks G-CSF - induced neutrophilia without inducing neutropenia in nonhuman primates
28515226|a|Neutrophils are the most abundant WBCs and have an essential role in the clearance of pathogens. Tight regulation of neutrophil numbers and their recruitment to sites of inflammation is critical in maintaining a balanced immune response. In various inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, cystic fibrosis, and inflammatory bowel disease, increased serum G-CSF correlates with neutrophilia and enhanced neutrophil infiltration into inflamed tissues. We describe a fully human therapeutic anti-G-CSFR antibody (CSL324) that is safe and well tolerated when administered via i.v. infusion to cynomolgus macaques. CSL324 was effective in controlling G-CSF -mediated neutrophilia when administered either before or after G-CSF. A single ascending-dose study showed CSL324 did not alter steady-state neutrophil numbers, even at doses sufficient to completely prevent G-CSF -mediated neutrophilia. Weekly infusions of CSL324 (≤10 mg/kg) for 3 wk completely neutralized G-CSF -mediated pSTAT3 phosphorylation without neutropenia. Moreover, repeat dosing up to 100 mg/kg for 12 wk did not result in neutropenia at any point, including the 12-wk follow-up after the last infusion. In addition, CSL324 had no observable effect on basic neutrophil functions, such as phagocytosis and oxidative burst. These data suggest that targeting G-CSFR may provide a safe and effective means of controlling G-CSF -mediated neutrophilia as observed in various inflammatory diseases.
28515226	2	35	neutralizing anti-G-CSFR antibody	T116,T129	C0475463
28515226	36	42	blocks	T169	C0332206
28515226	43	48	G-CSF	T116,T129	C0079459
28515226	51	58	induced	T169	C0205263
28515226	59	71	neutrophilia	T047	C3665444
28515226	80	88	inducing	T169	C0205263
28515226	89	100	neutropenia	T047	C0027947
28515226	104	121	nonhuman primates	T015	C0237798
28515226	122	133	Neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28515226	147	155	abundant	T080	C2346714
28515226	156	160	WBCs	T025	C0023516
28515226	173	182	essential	T080	C0205224
28515226	195	204	clearance	T080	C0449297
28515226	208	217	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28515226	225	235	regulation	T038	C1327622
28515226	239	249	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
28515226	268	279	recruitment	T052	C2949735
28515226	292	304	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28515226	343	358	immune response	T042	C0301872
28515226	371	394	inflammatory conditions	UnknownType	C0544805
28515226	404	424	rheumatoid arthritis	T047	C0003873
28515226	426	436	vasculitis	T047	C0042384
28515226	438	453	cystic fibrosis	T047	C0010674
28515226	459	485	inflammatory bowel disease	T047	C0021390
28515226	487	496	increased	T081	C0205217
28515226	497	502	serum	T031	C0229671
28515226	503	508	G-CSF	T116,T129	C0079459
28515226	525	537	neutrophilia	T047	C3665444
28515226	542	550	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28515226	551	574	neutrophil infiltration	T039	C0751982
28515226	580	588	inflamed	T169	C0333348
28515226	589	596	tissues	T024	C0040300
28515226	618	623	human	T016	C0086418
28515226	624	635	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28515226	636	656	anti-G-CSFR antibody	T116,T129	C0475463
28515226	658	664	CSL324	T116,T129	C0475463
28515226	703	715	administered	T169	C1521801
28515226	725	733	infusion	T061	C0574032
28515226	737	756	cynomolgus macaques	T015	C0024399
28515226	758	764	CSL324	T116,T129	C0475463
28515226	769	778	effective	T080	C1704419
28515226	794	799	G-CSF	T116,T129	C0079459
28515226	810	822	neutrophilia	T047	C3665444
28515226	828	840	administered	T169	C1521801
28515226	864	869	G-CSF	T116,T129	C0079459
28515226	880	894	ascending-dose	T033	C4297006
28515226	908	914	CSL324	T116,T129	C0475463
28515226	929	941	steady-state	T070	C0678587
28515226	942	960	neutrophil numbers	T059	C0200633
28515226	970	975	doses	T081	C0178602
28515226	976	986	sufficient	T080	C0205410
28515226	990	1000	completely	T080	C0205197
28515226	1009	1014	G-CSF	T116,T129	C0079459
28515226	1025	1037	neutrophilia	T047	C3665444
28515226	1046	1055	infusions	T061	C0574032
28515226	1059	1065	CSL324	T116,T129	C0475463
28515226	1087	1097	completely	T080	C0205197
28515226	1110	1115	G-CSF	T116,T129	C0079459
28515226	1126	1132	pSTAT3	T116,T123	C0253050
28515226	1133	1148	phosphorylation	T044	C0031715
28515226	1157	1168	neutropenia	T047	C0027947
28515226	1180	1186	repeat	T169	C0205341
28515226	1187	1193	dosing	T081	C0178602
28515226	1238	1249	neutropenia	T047	C0027947
28515226	1284	1293	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28515226	1309	1317	infusion	T061	C0574032
28515226	1332	1338	CSL324	T116,T129	C0475463
28515226	1357	1363	effect	T080	C1280500
28515226	1373	1383	neutrophil	T025	C0027950
28515226	1384	1393	functions	T169	C0542341
28515226	1403	1415	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28515226	1420	1435	oxidative burst	T043	C0085416
28515226	1443	1447	data	T078	C1511726
28515226	1448	1455	suggest	T078	C1705535
28515226	1461	1470	targeting	T169	C1521840
28515226	1471	1477	G-CSFR	T116,T192	C0080090
28515226	1501	1510	effective	T080	C1704419
28515226	1532	1537	G-CSF	T116,T129	C0079459
28515226	1548	1560	neutrophilia	T047	C3665444
28515226	1564	1572	observed	T169	C1441672
28515226	1584	1605	inflammatory diseases	T047	C1290884

28515354|t|Clinical application and outcomes of sentinel node navigation surgery in patients with early gastric cancer
28515354|a|Sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) has been recognized as a minimally invasive tool for individualized lymphadenectomy in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). The aim of this study was to compare clinicopathological factors, adverse events, and clinical outcomes between sentinel node mapping (SNM) and SN dissection (SND) groups and assess the clinical utility of SNNS in patients with EGC. The clinical data of 157 patients with EGC, diagnosed as clinical T1N0M0 with tumors ≤ 40 mm, undergoing SNNS between March 2004 and April 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-seven patients were excluded from the analysis. In the remaining 130 patients, 59 and 71 patients underwent standard lymphadenectomy for SNM and SND, respectively. The sentinel node detection rate in the SNM and SND groups was 98.3% (58/59) and 100% (71/71), respectively. Two (3.5%), 15 (25.9%), and 41 (70.7%) patients having sentinel nodes underwent total gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy (PG), and distal gastrectomy (DG), respectively, in the SNM group. One (1.4%), 5 (7.0%), 10 (14.1%), 39 (54.9%), and 16 (22.5%) patients underwent PG, DG, segmental gastrectomy, local resection, and endoscopic submucosal dissection, respectively, in the SND group. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the SNM and SND groups (P = 0.781). Survival did not differ between the both groups (P = 0.856). The present results suggest that personalized surgery with SND provides technical safety and curability related with a favorable survival outcome in patients with EGC.
28515354	0	8	Clinical	T080	C0205210
28515354	9	20	application	T169	C4048755
28515354	25	33	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28515354	37	69	sentinel node navigation surgery	T061	C0543467
28515354	73	81	patients	T101	C0030705
28515354	87	107	early gastric cancer	T191	C0349530
28515354	108	140	Sentinel node navigation surgery	T061	C0543467
28515354	142	146	SNNS	T061	C0543467
28515354	201	215	individualized	T080	C1709510
28515354	216	231	lymphadenectomy	T061	C0024203
28515354	235	243	patients	T101	C0030705
28515354	249	269	early gastric cancer	T191	C0349530
28515354	271	274	EGC	T191	C0349530
28515354	293	298	study	T062	C2603343
28515354	306	313	compare	T052	C1707455
28515354	314	333	clinicopathological	T169	C1521733
28515354	334	341	factors	T169	C1521761
28515354	343	357	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28515354	363	371	clinical	T080	C0205210
28515354	372	380	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28515354	389	410	sentinel node mapping	T060	C1519247
28515354	412	415	SNM	T060	C1519247
28515354	421	434	SN dissection	T061	C0242382
28515354	436	439	SND	T061	C0242382
28515354	441	447	groups	T078	C0441833
28515354	463	471	clinical	T080	C0205210
28515354	472	479	utility	T169	C0457083
28515354	483	487	SNNS	T061	C0543467
28515354	491	499	patients	T101	C0030705
28515354	505	508	EGC	T191	C0349530
28515354	514	527	clinical data	T170	C1516606
28515354	535	543	patients	T101	C0030705
28515354	549	552	EGC	T191	C0349530
28515354	554	563	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28515354	567	575	clinical	T080	C0205210
28515354	576	594	T1N0M0 with tumors	T191	C0027651
28515354	615	619	SNNS	T061	C0543467
28515354	659	674	retrospectively	T080	C1514923
28515354	675	683	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28515354	698	706	patients	T101	C0030705
28515354	712	720	excluded	T052	C2828389
28515354	730	738	analysis	T062	C0936012
28515354	761	769	patients	T101	C0030705
28515354	781	789	patients	T101	C0030705
28515354	809	824	lymphadenectomy	T061	C0024203
28515354	829	832	SNM	T060	C1519247
28515354	837	840	SND	T061	C0242382
28515354	860	873	sentinel node	T023	C1522495
28515354	874	883	detection	T061	C1511790
28515354	884	888	rate	T081	C1521828
28515354	896	899	SNM	T060	C1519247
28515354	904	907	SND	T061	C0242382
28515354	908	914	groups	T078	C0441833
28515354	1004	1012	patients	T101	C0030705
28515354	1020	1034	sentinel nodes	T023	C1522495
28515354	1051	1062	gastrectomy	T061	C0017118
28515354	1064	1084	proximal gastrectomy	T061	C0399713
28515354	1086	1088	PG	T061	C0399713
28515354	1095	1113	distal gastrectomy	T061	C0192440
28515354	1115	1117	DG	T061	C0192440
28515354	1141	1144	SNM	T060	C1519247
28515354	1145	1150	group	T078	C0441833
28515354	1213	1221	patients	T101	C0030705
28515354	1232	1234	PG	T061	C0399713
28515354	1236	1238	DG	T061	C0192440
28515354	1240	1249	segmental	T082	C0205122
28515354	1250	1261	gastrectomy	T061	C0017118
28515354	1263	1278	local resection	T061	C0278259
28515354	1284	1316	endoscopic submucosal dissection	T061	C1700929
28515354	1339	1342	SND	T061	C0242382
28515354	1343	1348	group	T078	C0441833
28515354	1389	1416	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
28515354	1429	1432	SNM	T060	C1519247
28515354	1437	1440	SND	T061	C0242382
28515354	1441	1447	groups	T078	C0441833
28515354	1461	1469	Survival	T081	C0038954
28515354	1502	1508	groups	T078	C0441833
28515354	1534	1541	results	T169	C1274040
28515354	1555	1567	personalized	T080	C1709510
28515354	1568	1575	surgery	T061	C0543467
28515354	1581	1584	SND	T061	C0242382
28515354	1594	1610	technical safety	T068	C0036043
28515354	1651	1659	survival	T052	C0038952
28515354	1660	1667	outcome	T169	C1274040
28515354	1671	1679	patients	T101	C0030705
28515354	1685	1688	EGC	T191	C0349530

28515448|t|Involvement Of Vascular Aldosterone Synthase In Phosphate - Induced Osteogenic Transformation Of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
28515448|a|Vascular calcification resulting from hyperphosphatemia is a major determinant of mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vascular calcification is driven by aldosterone -sensitive osteogenic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We show that even in absence of exogenous aldosterone, silencing and pharmacological inhibition (spironolactone, eplerenone) of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) ameliorated phosphate - induced osteo- / chondrogenic transformation of primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs). High phosphate concentrations up-regulated aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression in HAoSMCs. Silencing and deficiency of CYP11B2 in VSMCs ameliorated phosphate - induced osteogenic reprogramming and calcification. Phosphate treatment was followed by nuclear export of APEX1, a CYP11B2 transcriptional repressor. APEX1 silencing up-regulated CYP11B2 expression and stimulated osteo- / chondrogenic transformation. APEX1 overexpression blunted the phosphate - induced osteo- / chondrogenic transformation and calcification of HAoSMCs. Cyp11b2 expression was higher in aortic tissue of hyperphosphatemic klotho-hypomorphic (kl/kl) mice than in wild-type mice. In adrenalectomized kl/kl mice, spironolactone treatment still significantly ameliorated aortic osteoinductive reprogramming. Our findings suggest that VSMCs express aldosterone synthase, which is up-regulated by phosphate - induced disruption of APEX1 -dependent gene suppression. Vascular CYP11B2 may contribute to stimulation of VSMCs osteo- / chondrogenic transformation during hyperphosphatemia.
28515448	0	11	Involvement	T169	C1314939
28515448	15	23	Vascular	T023	C0005847
28515448	24	44	Aldosterone Synthase	T116,T126	C0075233
28515448	48	57	Phosphate	T121,T197	C1601799
28515448	60	67	Induced	T169	C0205263
28515448	68	93	Osteogenic Transformation	T033	C0243095
28515448	97	105	Vascular	T023	C0005847
28515448	106	125	Smooth Muscle Cells	T025	C1135918
28515448	126	148	Vascular calcification	T046	C0342649
28515448	164	181	hyperphosphatemia	T047	C0085681
28515448	208	217	mortality	T081	C0178686
28515448	221	243	chronic kidney disease	T047	C1561643
28515448	245	248	CKD	T047	C1561643
28515448	251	273	Vascular calcification	T046	C0342649
28515448	287	298	aldosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0002006
28515448	310	335	osteogenic transformation	T033	C0243095
28515448	339	347	vascular	T023	C0005847
28515448	348	367	smooth muscle cells	T025	C1135918
28515448	369	374	VSMCs	T025	C1135918
28515448	398	405	absence	T169	C0332197
28515448	409	418	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28515448	419	430	aldosterone	T109,T121,T125	C0002006
28515448	432	441	silencing	T044	C1148560
28515448	446	472	pharmacological inhibition	T044	C1148560
28515448	474	488	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
28515448	490	500	eplerenone	T109,T121	C0961485
28515448	509	535	mineralocorticoid receptor	T116,T192	C0066563
28515448	537	539	MR	T116,T192	C0066563
28515448	553	562	phosphate	T121,T197	C1601799
28515448	565	572	induced	T169	C0205263
28515448	573	579	osteo-	T033	C0243095
28515448	582	609	chondrogenic transformation	T033	C0243095
28515448	613	620	primary	T080	C0205225
28515448	621	626	human	T016	C0086418
28515448	627	633	aortic	T023	C0003483
28515448	634	653	smooth muscle cells	T025	C1135918
28515448	655	662	HAoSMCs	T025	C1135918
28515448	670	679	phosphate	T121,T197	C1601799
28515448	680	694	concentrations	T081	C0392762
28515448	695	707	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28515448	708	728	aldosterone synthase	T116,T126	C0075233
28515448	730	737	CYP11B2	T116,T126	C1527416
28515448	739	749	expression	T045	C1171362
28515448	753	760	HAoSMCs	T025	C1135918
28515448	762	771	Silencing	T044	C1148560
28515448	776	786	deficiency	T047	C0033626
28515448	790	797	CYP11B2	T116,T126	C1527416
28515448	801	806	VSMCs	T025	C1135918
28515448	819	828	phosphate	T121,T197	C1601799
28515448	831	838	induced	T169	C0205263
28515448	839	863	osteogenic reprogramming	T042	C1254358
28515448	868	881	calcification	T042	C1533591
28515448	883	892	Phosphate	T121,T197	C1601799
28515448	893	902	treatment	T169	C1522326
28515448	919	933	nuclear export	T043	C0887840
28515448	937	942	APEX1	T116,T126	C0140145
28515448	946	953	CYP11B2	T028	C1413857
28515448	954	979	transcriptional repressor	T116,T123	C1336789
28515448	981	986	APEX1	T116,T126	C0140145
28515448	987	996	silencing	T044	C1148560
28515448	997	1009	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28515448	1010	1017	CYP11B2	T028	C1413857
28515448	1018	1028	expression	T045	C0017262
28515448	1044	1050	osteo-	T033	C0243095
28515448	1053	1080	chondrogenic transformation	T033	C0243095
28515448	1082	1087	APEX1	T116,T126	C0140145
28515448	1088	1102	overexpression	T045	C1514559
28515448	1115	1124	phosphate	T121,T197	C1601799
28515448	1127	1134	induced	T169	C0205263
28515448	1135	1141	osteo-	T033	C0243095
28515448	1144	1171	chondrogenic transformation	T033	C0243095
28515448	1176	1189	calcification	T042	C1533591
28515448	1193	1200	HAoSMCs	T025	C1135918
28515448	1202	1209	Cyp11b2	T028	C1413857
28515448	1210	1220	expression	T045	C0017262
28515448	1235	1241	aortic	T023	C0003483
28515448	1242	1248	tissue	T024	C0040300
28515448	1252	1269	hyperphosphatemic	T047	C0085681
28515448	1270	1301	klotho-hypomorphic (kl/kl) mice	T015	C0025929
28515448	1310	1319	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28515448	1320	1324	mice	T015	C0025929
28515448	1329	1356	adrenalectomized kl/kl mice	T015	C0025929
28515448	1358	1372	spironolactone	T109,T121	C0037982
28515448	1373	1382	treatment	T169	C1522326
28515448	1415	1421	aortic	T023	C0003483
28515448	1422	1450	osteoinductive reprogramming	T042	C1254358
28515448	1456	1464	findings	T169	C2607943
28515448	1478	1483	VSMCs	T025	C1135918
28515448	1492	1512	aldosterone synthase	T116,T126	C0075233
28515448	1523	1535	up-regulated	T044	C0041904
28515448	1539	1548	phosphate	T121,T197	C1601799
28515448	1551	1558	induced	T169	C0205263
28515448	1559	1569	disruption	T169	C0332453
28515448	1573	1578	APEX1	T116,T126	C0140145
28515448	1590	1606	gene suppression	T045	C0038855
28515448	1608	1616	Vascular	T023	C0005847
28515448	1617	1624	CYP11B2	T116,T126	C1527416
28515448	1658	1663	VSMCs	T025	C1135918
28515448	1664	1670	osteo-	T033	C0243095
28515448	1673	1700	chondrogenic transformation	T033	C0243095
28515448	1708	1725	hyperphosphatemia	T047	C0085681

28515464|t|Systems Immunology of Diabetes - Tuberculosis Comorbidity Reveals Signatures of Disease Complications
28515464|a|Comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) increases tuberculosis (TB) risk and adverse outcomes but the pathological interactions between DM and TB remain incompletely understood. We performed an integrative analysis of whole blood gene expression and plasma analytes, comparing South Indian TB patients with and without DM to diabetic and non-diabetic controls without TB. Luminex assay of plasma cytokines and growth factors delineated a distinct biosignature in comorbid TBDM in this cohort. Transcriptional profiling revealed elements in common with published TB signatures from cohorts that excluded DM. Neutrophil count correlated with the molecular degree of perturbation, especially in TBDM patients. Body mass index and HDL cholesterol were negatively correlated with molecular degree of perturbation. Diabetic complication pathways including several pathways linked to epigenetic reprogramming were activated in TBDM above levels observed with DM alone. Our data provide a rationale for trials of host-directed therapies in TBDM, targeting neutrophilic inflammation and diabetic complication pathways to address the greater morbidity and mortality associated with this increasingly prevalent dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases.
28515464	0	18	Systems Immunology	UnknownType	C0681949
28515464	22	30	Diabetes	T047	C0011847
28515464	33	45	Tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
28515464	46	57	Comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28515464	58	65	Reveals	T080	C0443289
28515464	66	76	Signatures	T169	C1704864
28515464	80	101	Disease Complications	T046	C0544688
28515464	102	110	Comorbid	T078	C0009488
28515464	111	128	diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011849
28515464	130	132	DM	T047	C0011849
28515464	134	143	increases	T081	C0205217
28515464	144	156	tuberculosis	T047	C0041296
28515464	158	160	TB	T047	C0041296
28515464	162	166	risk	T078	C0035647
28515464	171	187	adverse outcomes	T033	C1705586
28515464	196	208	pathological	T169	C1521733
28515464	209	221	interactions	T169	C1704675
28515464	230	232	DM	T047	C0011849
28515464	237	239	TB	T047	C0041296
28515464	275	284	performed	T169	C0884358
28515464	288	299	integrative	T080	C0205195
28515464	300	308	analysis	T062	C0936012
28515464	312	323	whole blood	T031	C0370231
28515464	324	339	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28515464	344	359	plasma analytes	T031	C1609077
28515464	361	370	comparing	T052	C1707455
28515464	371	383	South Indian	T098	C1257890
28515464	384	386	TB	T047	C0041296
28515464	387	395	patients	T101	C0030705
28515464	413	415	DM	T047	C0011849
28515464	419	427	diabetic	T033	C0241863
28515464	445	453	controls	T096	C0009932
28515464	462	464	TB	T047	C0041296
28515464	466	479	Luminex assay	T059	C0005507
28515464	483	499	plasma cytokines	T201	C1544815
28515464	504	518	growth factors	T116,T123	C0018284
28515464	519	529	delineated	T033	C0150312
28515464	541	553	biosignature	T169	C1704864
28515464	557	570	comorbid TBDM	T033	C1275743
28515464	579	585	cohort	T098	C0599755
28515464	587	612	Transcriptional profiling	T063	C1513400
28515464	613	621	revealed	T080	C0443289
28515464	646	655	published	T170	C1704324
28515464	656	658	TB	T047	C0041296
28515464	659	669	signatures	T169	C1704864
28515464	675	682	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28515464	688	696	excluded	T052	C2828389
28515464	697	699	DM	T047	C0011849
28515464	701	717	Neutrophil count	T059	C0200633
28515464	718	728	correlated	T080	C1707520
28515464	738	747	molecular	T080	C1521991
28515464	748	754	degree	T081	C0449286
28515464	758	770	perturbation	T169	C0332453
28515464	786	799	TBDM patients	T101	C0030705
28515464	801	816	Body mass index	T201	C1305855
28515464	821	836	HDL cholesterol	T109,T123	C0023822
28515464	842	852	negatively	T033	C0205160
28515464	853	863	correlated	T080	C1707520
28515464	869	878	molecular	T080	C1521991
28515464	879	885	degree	T081	C0449286
28515464	889	901	perturbation	T169	C0332453
28515464	903	911	Diabetic	T033	C0241863
28515464	912	924	complication	T046	C0544688
28515464	925	933	pathways	T077	C1705987
28515464	952	960	pathways	T077	C1705987
28515464	971	995	epigenetic reprogramming	T045	C1516924
28515464	1001	1010	activated	T052	C1879547
28515464	1014	1018	TBDM	T033	C1275743
28515464	1025	1031	levels	T080	C0441889
28515464	1046	1048	DM	T047	C0011849
28515464	1060	1064	data	T078	C1511726
28515464	1075	1084	rationale	T078	C2699007
28515464	1089	1095	trials	T062	C0008976
28515464	1099	1122	host-directed therapies	T169	C0039798
28515464	1126	1130	TBDM	T033	C1275743
28515464	1132	1141	targeting	T043	C0599894
28515464	1142	1154	neutrophilic	T025	C0027950
28515464	1155	1167	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28515464	1172	1180	diabetic	T033	C0241863
28515464	1181	1193	complication	T046	C0544688
28515464	1194	1202	pathways	T077	C1705987
28515464	1226	1235	morbidity	T081	C0026538
28515464	1240	1249	mortality	T033	C1306577
28515464	1250	1265	associated with	T080	C0332281
28515464	1271	1293	increasingly prevalent	T081	C1512456
28515464	1299	1305	burden	T078	C2828008
28515464	1309	1321	communicable	T047	C0009450

28515617|t|A modified subgradient extragradient method for solving monotone variational inequalities
28515617|a|In the setting of Hilbert space, a modified subgradient extragradient method is proposed for solving Lipschitz-continuous and monotone variational inequalities defined on a level set of a convex function. Our iterative process is relaxed and self-adaptive, that is, in each iteration, calculating two metric projections onto some half-spaces containing the domain is involved only and the step size can be selected in some adaptive ways. A weak convergence theorem for our algorithm is proved. We also prove that our method has [Formula: see text] convergence rate.
28515617	2	43	modified subgradient extragradient method	T170	C0282574
28515617	56	64	monotone	UnknownType	C0241704
28515617	65	76	variational	T080	C0205419
28515617	77	89	inequalities	T080	C0242503
28515617	108	121	Hilbert space	T170	C0282574
28515617	125	166	modified subgradient extragradient method	T170	C0282574
28515617	191	211	Lipschitz-continuous	T170	C0282574
28515617	216	224	monotone	UnknownType	C0241704
28515617	225	236	variational	T080	C0205419
28515617	237	249	inequalities	T080	C0242503
28515617	278	284	convex	T082	C0521163
28515617	285	293	function	T169	C0542341
28515617	299	308	iterative	T033	C1854293
28515617	309	316	process	T067	C1522240
28515617	320	327	relaxed	T080	C0542193
28515617	332	345	self-adaptive	T169	C0231193
28515617	364	373	iteration	T033	C1854293
28515617	398	409	projections	T082	C0348018
28515617	484	488	size	T082	C0456389
28515617	513	526	adaptive ways	T062	C3274373
28515617	535	546	convergence	T082	C0443193
28515617	547	554	theorem	T170	C0039828
28515617	563	572	algorithm	T170	C0002045
28515617	607	613	method	T170	C0025663
28515617	638	649	convergence	T082	C0443193
28515617	650	654	rate	T081	C1521828

28516341|t|Fairness: the hidden challenge for competency-based postgraduate medical education programs
28516341|a|Competency-based medical education systems allow institutions to individualize teaching practices to meet the needs of diverse learners. Yet, the focus on continuous improvement and individualization of curricula does not exempt programs from treating learners in a fair manner. When learners fail to meet key competencies and are placed on probation or dismissed from training programs, issues of fairness may form the basis of their legal claims. In a literature search, we found no in-depth examination of fairness. In this paper, we utilize a systems lens to examine fairness within postgraduate medical education contexts, focusing on educational opportunities, assessment practices, decision-making processes, fairness from a legal standpoint, and fairness in the context of the learning environment. While we provide examples of fairness issues within US training programs, concerns regarding fairness are relevant in any medical education system which utilizes a competency-based education framework. Assessment oversight committees and annual programmatic evaluations, while recommended, will not guarantee fairness within postgraduate medical education programs, but they can provide a window into 'hidden' threats to fairness, as everything from training experiences to assessment practices may be examined by these committees. One of the first steps programs can take is to recognize that threats to fairness may exist in any educational program, including their own, and begin conversations about how to address these issues.
28516341	0	8	Fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	21	30	challenge	T058	C0805586
28516341	35	91	competency-based postgraduate medical education programs	T065	C0150562
28516341	92	134	Competency-based medical education systems	UnknownType	C0681326
28516341	141	153	institutions	UnknownType	C0681325
28516341	157	170	individualize	T169	C0205245
28516341	171	189	teaching practices	T065	C0039403
28516341	193	197	meet	T067	C1550543
28516341	202	207	needs	T080	C0027552
28516341	211	227	diverse learners	T098	C0038492
28516341	258	269	improvement	T077	C2986411
28516341	274	291	individualization	T169	C0205245
28516341	295	304	curricula	T170	C0010478
28516341	321	329	programs	T169	C3484370
28516341	344	352	learners	T098	C0038492
28516341	358	369	fair manner	T033	C0243095
28516341	376	384	learners	T098	C0038492
28516341	402	414	competencies	T080	C0086035
28516341	433	442	probation	T089	C0687758
28516341	446	455	dismissed	T052	C2348301
28516341	461	478	training programs	T065	C0040607
28516341	480	486	issues	T033	C0033213
28516341	490	498	fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	527	539	legal claims	T170	C0282574
28516341	586	597	examination	T057	C0033336
28516341	601	609	fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	655	662	examine	T033	C0332128
28516341	663	671	fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	679	709	postgraduate medical education	T065	C0013633
28516341	710	718	contexts	T078	C0449255
28516341	732	757	educational opportunities	T033	C0243095
28516341	759	779	assessment practices	T058	C0220825
28516341	781	806	decision-making processes	T057	C0011111
28516341	808	816	fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	824	840	legal standpoint	T169	C1301860
28516341	846	854	fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	862	869	context	T078	C0449255
28516341	877	897	learning environment	T082	C1510556
28516341	928	936	fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	937	943	issues	T033	C0033213
28516341	951	953	US	T083	C0041703
28516341	954	971	training programs	T065	C0040607
28516341	992	1000	fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	1021	1045	medical education system	UnknownType	C0681326
28516341	1063	1099	competency-based education framework	T078	C1254370
28516341	1101	1111	Assessment	T057	C0033336
28516341	1122	1132	committees	T097	C1522486
28516341	1137	1168	annual programmatic evaluations	T057	C0033336
28516341	1208	1216	fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	1224	1263	postgraduate medical education programs	T065	C0150562
28516341	1320	1328	fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	1349	1369	training experiences	T065	C0220931
28516341	1373	1393	assessment practices	T058	C0220825
28516341	1401	1409	examined	T033	C0332128
28516341	1419	1429	committees	T097	C1522486
28516341	1454	1462	programs	T169	C3484370
28516341	1504	1512	fairness	T080	C2911689
28516341	1530	1549	educational program	T065	C0150562
28516341	1582	1595	conversations	T054	C0871703
28516341	1623	1629	issues	T033	C0033213

28516841|t|Us3 and Us9 proteins contribute to the stromal invasion of bovine herpesvirus 1 in the respiratory mucosa
28516841|a|Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection may lead to conjunctivitis, upper respiratory tract problems, pneumonia, genital disorders and abortion. BHV-1 is able to spread quickly in a plaque -wise manner and invade by breaching the basement membrane (BM) barrier in the respiratory mucosa. BHV-1 Us3, a serine/threonine kinase, induces a dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization and BHV-1 Us9, a tail-anchored membrane protein, is required for axonal transport of viruses in neurons. In this study, we investigated the role of Us3 and Us9 during BHV-1 infection in the respiratory mucosa. First, we constructed and characterized BHV-1 Us3 null, Us9 null and revertant viruses. Then, we analysed the viral replication and plaque size (latitude) in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells and the respiratory mucosa as well as viral penetration depth underneath the BM of the respiratory mucosa when inoculated with these recombinant viruses. Knockout of Us3 resulted in a 1 log10 reduction in viral titre and plaque size (latitude) in MDBK cells and the trachea mucosa. There were no defects in the cell-to-cell spread observed for BHV-1 Us9 null virus. Both BHV-1 Us3 null and Us9 null viruses showed a significant reduction of plaque penetration underneath the BM; however, penetration was not completely inhibited. In conclusion, the current findings demonstrated that Us3 and Us9 play an important role in the invasion of BHV-1 through the BM of the respiratory mucosa, which shows the way forward for research -based attenuation of viruses in order to make safer and better - performing vaccines.
28516841	0	3	Us3	T116,T123	C0033684
28516841	8	11	Us9	T116,T123	C2001544
28516841	12	20	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28516841	39	55	stromal invasion	T033	C1336515
28516841	59	79	bovine herpesvirus 1	T005	C0021335
28516841	87	105	respiratory mucosa	T024	C0751974
28516841	106	144	Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection	T047	C3687301
28516841	157	171	conjunctivitis	T047	C0009763
28516841	173	196	upper respiratory tract	T023	C0458578
28516841	197	205	problems	T033	C0033213
28516841	207	216	pneumonia	T047	C0032285
28516841	218	235	genital disorders	T047	C0178829
28516841	240	248	abortion	T033	C0156543
28516841	250	255	BHV-1	T005	C0021335
28516841	267	273	spread	T080	C0332261
28516841	287	293	plaque	T033	C0332461
28516841	300	306	manner	T169	C0205245
28516841	311	317	invade	T169	C0205245
28516841	321	330	breaching	T037	C3203359
28516841	335	352	basement membrane	T024	C0004799
28516841	353	357	(BM)	T024	C0004799
28516841	358	365	barrier	UnknownType	C0682585
28516841	373	391	respiratory mucosa	T024	C0751974
28516841	393	398	BHV-1	T005	C0021335
28516841	399	402	Us3	T116,T123	C0033684
28516841	406	429	serine/threonine kinase	T116,T126	C0072402
28516841	431	438	induces	T169	C0205263
28516841	450	477	cytoskeletal reorganization	T043	C1511632
28516841	482	487	BHV-1	T005	C0021335
28516841	488	491	Us9	T116,T123	C2001544
28516841	495	525	tail-anchored membrane protein	T116,T123	C0025252
28516841	543	559	axonal transport	T043	C0004462
28516841	563	570	viruses	T005	C0042776
28516841	574	581	neurons	T025	C0027882
28516841	591	596	study	T062	C2603343
28516841	601	613	investigated	T169	C1292732
28516841	618	622	role	T077	C1705810
28516841	626	629	Us3	T116,T123	C0033684
28516841	634	637	Us9	T116,T123	C2001544
28516841	645	660	BHV-1 infection	T047	C3687301
28516841	668	686	respiratory mucosa	T024	C0751974
28516841	714	727	characterized	T052	C1880022
28516841	728	733	BHV-1	T005	C0021335
28516841	734	737	Us3	T028	C0017337
28516841	738	742	null	T005	C0042776
28516841	744	747	Us9	T028	C0017337
28516841	748	752	null	T005	C0042776
28516841	757	774	revertant viruses	T005	C0042776
28516841	785	793	analysed	T062	C0936012
28516841	798	815	viral replication	T043	C0042774
28516841	820	826	plaque	T033	C0332461
28516841	827	831	size	T082	C0456389
28516841	846	871	Madin-Darby bovine kidney	T025	C0598829
28516841	873	877	MDBK	T025	C0598829
28516841	879	884	cells	T025	C0598829
28516841	893	911	respiratory mucosa	T024	C0751974
28516841	923	940	viral penetration	T043	C1656555
28516841	962	964	BM	T024	C0004799
28516841	972	990	respiratory mucosa	T024	C0751974
28516841	996	1006	inoculated	T061	C2987620
28516841	1018	1037	recombinant viruses	T005	C0085391
28516841	1039	1047	Knockout	T050	C1522225
28516841	1051	1054	Us3	T028	C0017337
28516841	1077	1086	reduction	T080	C0392756
28516841	1090	1101	viral titre	T081	C2713348
28516841	1106	1112	plaque	T033	C0332461
28516841	1113	1117	size	T082	C0456389
28516841	1119	1127	latitude	T081	C1627936
28516841	1132	1142	MDBK cells	T025	C0598829
28516841	1151	1165	trachea mucosa	T023	C0225584
28516841	1178	1180	no	T033	C1513916
28516841	1181	1188	defects	T169	C1457869
28516841	1196	1215	cell-to-cell spread	T040	C1160712
28516841	1216	1224	observed	T169	C1441672
28516841	1229	1234	BHV-1	T005	C0021335
28516841	1235	1238	Us9	T028	C0017337
28516841	1239	1249	null virus	T005	C0042776
28516841	1256	1261	BHV-1	T005	C0021335
28516841	1262	1265	Us3	T028	C0017337
28516841	1266	1270	null	T005	C0042776
28516841	1275	1278	Us9	T028	C0017337
28516841	1279	1291	null viruses	T005	C0042776
28516841	1301	1312	significant	T078	C0750502
28516841	1313	1322	reduction	T080	C0392756
28516841	1326	1332	plaque	T033	C0332461
28516841	1333	1344	penetration	T169	C0205321
28516841	1360	1362	BM	T024	C0004799
28516841	1373	1384	penetration	T169	C0205321
28516841	1404	1413	inhibited	T052	C3463820
28516841	1418	1428	conclusion	T078	C1707478
28516841	1442	1450	findings	T062	C0035168
28516841	1469	1472	Us3	T028	C0017337
28516841	1477	1480	Us9	T028	C0017337
28516841	1499	1503	role	T077	C1705810
28516841	1511	1519	invasion	T033	C1336515
28516841	1523	1528	BHV-1	T005	C0021335
28516841	1541	1543	BM	T024	C0004799
28516841	1551	1569	respiratory mucosa	T024	C0751974
28516841	1603	1611	research	T062	C0035168
28516841	1619	1630	attenuation	T052	C0599946
28516841	1634	1641	viruses	T005	C0042776
28516841	1669	1675	better	T080	C0332272
28516841	1678	1688	performing	T169	C0884358
28516841	1689	1697	vaccines	T121,T129	C0042210

28518001|t|Propranolol Effects on Decompression Sickness in a Simulated DISSUB Rescue in Swine
28518001|a|Disabled submarine (DISSUB) survivors may face elevated CO2 levels and inert gas saturation, putting them at risk for CO2 toxicity and decompression sickness (DCS). Propranolol was shown to reduce CO2 production in an experimental DISSUB model in humans but its effects on DCS in a DISSUB rescue scenario are unknown. A 100% oxygen prebreathe (OPB) reduces DCS incidence and severity and is incorporated into some DISSUB rescue protocols. We used a swine model of DISSUB rescue to study the effect of propranolol on DCS incidence and mortality with and without an OPB. In Experiment 1, male Yorkshire Swine (70 kg) were pressurized to 2.8 ATA for 22 h. Propranolol 1.0 mg · kg-1 (IV) was administered at 21.25 h. At 22 h, the animal was rapidly decompressed and observed for DCS type, onset time, and mortality. Experimental animals (N = 21; 69 ± 4.1 kg), PROP1.0, were compared to PROP1.0 - OPB45 (N = 8; 69 ± 2.8 kg) with the same dive profile, except for a 45 min OPB prior to decompression. In Experiment 2, the same methodology was used with the following changes: swine pressurized to 2.8 ATA for 28 h; experimental group (N = 25; 67 ± 3.3 kg), PROP0.5 bis, propranolol 0.5 mg · kg-1 bis (twice) (IV) was administered at 22 h and 26 h. Control animals (N = 25; 67 ± 3.9 kg) received normal saline. OPB reduced mortality in PROP1.0 - OBP45 compared to PROP1.0 (0% vs. 71%). PROP0.5 bis had increased mortality compared to CONTROL (60-% vs. 4%). Administration of beta blockers prior to saturation decompression appears to increase DCS and worsen mortality in a swine model; however, their effects in bounce diving remain unknown.Forbes AS, Regis DP, HallAA, Mahon RT, Cronin WA. Propranolol effects on decompression sickness in a simulated DISSUB rescue in swine. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(4):385-391.
28518001	0	11	Propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	23	45	Decompression Sickness	T047	C0011119
28518001	61	67	DISSUB	T073	C0221094
28518001	68	74	Rescue	T057	C0242857
28518001	78	83	Swine	T015	C1135183
28518001	84	102	Disabled submarine	T073	C0221094
28518001	104	110	DISSUB	T073	C0221094
28518001	112	121	survivors	T096	C1171334
28518001	131	150	elevated CO2 levels	T033	C0020440
28518001	155	175	inert gas saturation	UnknownType	C0545273
28518001	202	205	CO2	T123,T197	C0007012
28518001	206	214	toxicity	T080	C0040539
28518001	219	241	decompression sickness	T047	C0011119
28518001	243	246	DCS	T047	C0011119
28518001	249	260	Propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	274	295	reduce CO2 production	T059	C0201930
28518001	315	321	DISSUB	T073	C0221094
28518001	322	327	model	T075	C0026336
28518001	331	337	humans	T016	C0086418
28518001	357	360	DCS	T047	C0011119
28518001	366	372	DISSUB	T073	C0221094
28518001	373	388	rescue scenario	T057	C0242857
28518001	409	426	oxygen prebreathe	T039	C0035203
28518001	428	431	OPB	T039	C0035203
28518001	441	444	DCS	T047	C0011119
28518001	498	504	DISSUB	T073	C0221094
28518001	505	521	rescue protocols	T057	C0242857
28518001	533	544	swine model	T015	C1135183
28518001	548	554	DISSUB	T073	C0221094
28518001	555	561	rescue	T057	C0242857
28518001	585	596	propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	600	603	DCS	T047	C0011119
28518001	618	627	mortality	T081	C0205848
28518001	648	651	OPB	T039	C0035203
28518001	670	674	male	T032	C0086582
28518001	675	690	Yorkshire Swine	T015	C0324292
28518001	704	715	pressurized	T067	C0033095
28518001	737	748	Propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	772	787	administered at	T169	C1521801
28518001	810	816	animal	T008	C0003062
28518001	821	841	rapidly decompressed	T169	C1965697
28518001	859	862	DCS	T047	C0011119
28518001	869	879	onset time	T079	C0449244
28518001	885	894	mortality	T081	C0205848
28518001	909	916	animals	T008	C0003062
28518001	940	947	PROP1.0	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	966	973	PROP1.0	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	976	981	OPB45	T039	C0035203
28518001	1017	1021	dive	T032	C0178599
28518001	1051	1054	OPB	T039	C0035203
28518001	1064	1077	decompression	T169	C1965697
28518001	1105	1116	methodology	T078	C3266812
28518001	1154	1159	swine	T015	C1135183
28518001	1160	1171	pressurized	T067	C0033095
28518001	1235	1242	PROP0.5	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	1248	1259	propranolol	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	1295	1310	administered at	T169	C1521801
28518001	1326	1341	Control animals	T008	C1511501
28518001	1373	1386	normal saline	T121,T197	C0445115
28518001	1388	1391	OPB	T039	C0035203
28518001	1392	1409	reduced mortality	T081	C0205848
28518001	1413	1420	PROP1.0	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	1423	1428	OBP45	T039	C0035203
28518001	1441	1448	PROP1.0	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	1463	1470	PROP0.5	T109,T121	C0033497
28518001	1479	1498	increased mortality	T081	C0205848
28518001	1552	1565	beta blockers	T121	C0001645
28518001	1575	1599	saturation decompression	T169	C1965697
28518001	1620	1623	DCS	T047	C0011119
28518001	1628	1644	worsen mortality	T081	C0205848
28518001	1650	1655	swine	T015	C1135183
28518001	1656	1661	model	T075	C0026336
28518001	1689	1702	bounce diving	T032	C0178599

28518216|t|Queen presence mediates the relationship between collective behavior and disease susceptibility in ant colonies
28518216|a|The success of social living can be explained, in part, by a group's ability to execute collective behaviors unachievable by solitary individuals. However, groups vary in their ability to execute these complex behaviors, often because they vary in their phenotypic composition. Group membership changes over time due to mortality or emigration, potentially leaving groups vulnerable to ecological challenges in times of flux. In some societies, the loss of important individuals (e.g., leaders, elites, queens) may have an especially detrimental effect on groups' ability to deal with these challenges. Here, we test whether the removal of queens in colonies of the acorn ant Temnothorax curvispinosus alters their ability to execute important collective behaviors and survive outbreaks of a generalist entomopathogen. We employed a split-colony design where one half of a colony was maintained with its queen, while the other half was separated from the queen. We then tested these subcolonies' performance in a series of collective behavior assays and finally exposed colonies to the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium robertsii by exposing two individuals from the colony and then sealing them back into the nest. We found that queenright subcolonies outperformed their queenless counterparts in nearly all collective behaviors. Queenless subcolonies were also more vulnerable to mortality from disease. However, queenless groups that displayed more interactions with brood experienced greater survivorship, a trend not present in queenright subcolonies. Queenless subcolonies that engage in more brood interactions may have had more resources available to cope with two physiological challenges (ovarian development after queen loss and immune activation after pathogen exposure). Our results indicate that queen presence can play an integral role in colony behavior, survivorship, and their relationship. They also suggest that interactions between workers and brood are integral to colonies survival. Overall, a social group's history of social reorganization may have strong consequences on their collective behaviors and their vulnerability to disease outbreaks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28518216	0	5	Queen	T097	C0027363
28518216	6	14	presence	T033	C0150312
28518216	15	23	mediates	T054	C0086597
28518216	28	40	relationship	T080	C0439849
28518216	49	68	collective behavior	T054	C0680406
28518216	73	95	disease susceptibility	T201	C0012655
28518216	99	102	ant	T204	C0003455
28518216	103	111	colonies	T025	C1947989
28518216	116	123	success	T054	C0597535
28518216	127	133	social	T169	C0728831
28518216	134	140	living	T078	C0376558
28518216	173	180	group's	T098	C1257890
28518216	181	188	ability	T032	C0085732
28518216	192	199	execute	T052	C1705848
28518216	200	220	collective behaviors	T054	C0680406
28518216	221	233	unachievable	T080	C0205556
28518216	237	245	solitary	T081	C0205171
28518216	246	257	individuals	T098	C0237401
28518216	268	274	groups	T098	C1257890
28518216	289	296	ability	T032	C0085732
28518216	300	307	execute	T052	C1705848
28518216	314	331	complex behaviors	T053	C1285661
28518216	366	376	phenotypic	T032	C0031437
28518216	366	388	phenotypic composition	T201	C0486616
28518216	390	395	Group	T098	C1257890
28518216	396	406	membership	T055	C0680038
28518216	407	414	changes	T169	C0392747
28518216	420	424	time	T079	C0040223
28518216	432	441	mortality	T081	C0205848
28518216	445	455	emigration	T052	C0013975
28518216	469	483	leaving groups	T098	C1257890
28518216	484	494	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
28518216	498	519	ecological challenges	T077	C0870460
28518216	523	536	times of flux	T070	C2348693
28518216	546	555	societies	T092	C0037455
28518216	561	565	loss	T081	C1517945
28518216	579	590	individuals	T098	C0237401
28518216	598	605	leaders	T097	C0027363
28518216	607	613	elites	T098	C0237401
28518216	615	621	queens	T097	C0027363
28518216	646	664	detrimental effect	T080	C1280500
28518216	668	675	groups'	T098	C1257890
28518216	676	683	ability	T032	C0085732
28518216	703	713	challenges	T080	C0205556
28518216	724	728	test	T169	C0039593
28518216	741	748	removal	T052	C1883720
28518216	752	758	queens	T097	C0027363
28518216	762	770	colonies	T025	C1947989
28518216	778	787	acorn ant	T204	C0003455
28518216	788	813	Temnothorax curvispinosus	T204	C1687415
28518216	827	834	ability	T032	C0085732
28518216	838	845	execute	T052	C1705848
28518216	856	876	collective behaviors	T054	C0680406
28518216	881	888	survive	T081	C0038954
28518216	889	898	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
28518216	904	929	generalist entomopathogen	T001	C0450254
28518216	945	964	split-colony design	T062	C0242481
28518216	975	979	half	T081	C2825407
28518216	985	991	colony	T025	C1947989
28518216	996	1006	maintained	T169	C1314677
28518216	1016	1021	queen	T097	C0027363
28518216	1039	1043	half	T081	C2825407
28518216	1048	1057	separated	T169	C0687118
28518216	1067	1072	queen	T097	C0027363
28518216	1095	1107	subcolonies'	T025	C1947989
28518216	1108	1119	performance	T052	C1882330
28518216	1135	1154	collective behavior	T054	C0680406
28518216	1155	1161	assays	T080	C0243073
28518216	1174	1181	exposed	T080	C0332157
28518216	1182	1190	colonies	T025	C1947989
28518216	1198	1221	entomopathogenic fungus	T004	C3826297
28518216	1222	1243	Metarhizium robertsii	T004	C2766746
28518216	1247	1255	exposing	T080	C0332157
28518216	1260	1271	individuals	T098	C0237401
28518216	1281	1287	colony	T025	C1947989
28518216	1297	1304	sealing	T169	C0349677
28518216	1324	1328	nest	T082	C1254362
28518216	1344	1366	queenright subcolonies	T025	C1947989
28518216	1423	1443	collective behaviors	T054	C0680406
28518216	1445	1466	Queenless subcolonies	T025	C1947989
28518216	1482	1492	vulnerable	T169	C0231204
28518216	1496	1505	mortality	T081	C0205848
28518216	1511	1518	disease	T047	C0012634
28518216	1529	1545	queenless groups	T098	C1257890
28518216	1551	1560	displayed	T169	C0870432
28518216	1566	1578	interactions	T169	C1704675
28518216	1584	1589	brood	T098	C1257890
28518216	1610	1622	survivorship	T079	C0038955
28518216	1647	1669	queenright subcolonies	T025	C1947989
28518216	1671	1692	Queenless subcolonies	T025	C1947989
28518216	1713	1718	brood	T098	C1257890
28518216	1719	1731	interactions	T169	C1704675
28518216	1773	1777	cope	T055	C0009967
28518216	1787	1811	physiological challenges	T039	C0442687
28518216	1813	1832	ovarian development	T042	C1160265
28518216	1839	1844	queen	T097	C0027363
28518216	1845	1849	loss	T081	C1517945
28518216	1854	1871	immune activation	T043	C1155000
28518216	1878	1895	pathogen exposure	T033	C4060607
28518216	1902	1909	results	T169	C1274040
28518216	1924	1929	queen	T097	C0027363
28518216	1930	1938	presence	T033	C0150312
28518216	1968	1974	colony	T025	C1947989
28518216	1975	1983	behavior	T053	C0004927
28518216	1985	1997	survivorship	T079	C0038955
28518216	2009	2021	relationship	T080	C0439849
28518216	2033	2040	suggest	T078	C1705535
28518216	2046	2058	interactions	T169	C1704675
28518216	2067	2074	workers	T098	C1527116
28518216	2079	2084	brood	T098	C1257890
28518216	2101	2109	colonies	T025	C1947989
28518216	2110	2118	survival	T081	C0038954
28518216	2131	2145	social group's	T098	C0687744
28518216	2157	2178	social reorganization	T078	C0680829
28518216	2188	2207	strong consequences	T169	C0686907
28518216	2217	2237	collective behaviors	T054	C0680406
28518216	2248	2261	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28518216	2265	2272	disease	T047	C0012634
28518216	2273	2282	outbreaks	T169	C0220888

28520198|t|Dynamic and steady-state oxygen - dependent lung relaxometry using inversion recovery ultra-fast steady-state free precession imaging at 1.5 T
28520198|a|To demonstrate the feasibility of oxygen - dependent relaxometry in human lung using an inversion recovery ultra-fast steady-state free precession (IR-ufSSFP) technique. Electrocardiogram-triggered pulmonary relaxometry with IR-ufSSFP was performed in 7 healthy human subjects at 1.5 T. The data were acquired under both normoxic and hyperoxic conditions. In a single breath - hold of less than 9 seconds, 30 transient state IR-ufSSFP images were acquired, yielding longitudinal (T1) and transversal (T2) relaxometry parameter maps using voxel -wise nonlinear fitting. Possible spatial misalignments between consecutive IR-ufSSFP parameter maps were corrected using elastic image registration. Furthermore, dynamic relaxometry oxygen wash-in and wash-out scans were performed in one volunteer. From this, T1 -related wash-in and wash-out time constants (τwi, τwo) were calculated voxel -wise on registered maps using an exponential fitting model. For healthy lung, observed T1 values were 1399 ± 77 and 1290 ± 76 ms under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions, respectively. Oxygen -related reduction of T1 was statistically significant in every volunteer. No statistically significant change, however, was observed in T2, with normoxic and hyperoxic T2 values of 55 ± 16 and 56 ± 17 ms, respectively. The observed average τwi was 87.0 ± 28.7 seconds, whereas the average τwo was 73.5 ± 21.6 seconds. IR-ufSSFP allows fast, steady-state, and dynamic oxygen - dependent relaxometry of the human lung. Magn Reson Med, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
28520198	0	7	Dynamic	T169	C0729333
28520198	12	24	steady-state	T070	C0678587
28520198	25	31	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28520198	34	43	dependent	T080	C1701901
28520198	44	60	lung relaxometry	T060	C0430022
28520198	67	133	inversion recovery ultra-fast steady-state free precession imaging	T060	C0011923
28520198	162	173	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28520198	177	183	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28520198	186	195	dependent	T080	C1701901
28520198	196	207	relaxometry	T060	C0430022
28520198	211	216	human	T016	C0086418
28520198	217	221	lung	T023	C0024109
28520198	231	311	inversion recovery ultra-fast steady-state free precession (IR-ufSSFP) technique	T060	C0079595
28520198	313	362	Electrocardiogram-triggered pulmonary relaxometry	T060	C0430022
28520198	368	377	IR-ufSSFP	T060	C0079595
28520198	397	410	healthy human	T098	C1708335
28520198	434	438	data	T078	C1511726
28520198	464	472	normoxic	T080	C0348080
28520198	477	497	hyperoxic conditions	T080	C0348080
28520198	504	517	single breath	T201	C1979974
28520198	520	524	hold	T033	C0235744
28520198	540	547	seconds	T079	C0457385
28520198	552	584	transient state IR-ufSSFP images	T078	C1551337
28520198	609	626	longitudinal (T1)	T060	C0430022
28520198	631	659	transversal (T2) relaxometry	T060	C0430022
28520198	660	674	parameter maps	T077	C0549193
28520198	681	686	voxel	T077	C2700259
28520198	693	710	nonlinear fitting	T170	C0282574
28520198	721	742	spatial misalignments	T080	C1275957
28520198	751	762	consecutive	T080	C1707491
28520198	763	772	IR-ufSSFP	T060	C0079595
28520198	773	787	parameter maps	T077	C0549193
28520198	793	802	corrected	T080	C0205202
28520198	809	835	elastic image registration	T066	C2697663
28520198	850	857	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28520198	858	869	relaxometry	T060	C0430022
28520198	870	876	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28520198	877	884	wash-in	T060	C0441633
28520198	889	903	wash-out scans	T060	C0441633
28520198	926	935	volunteer	T098	C0020155
28520198	948	967	T1 -related wash-in	T081	C0392762
28520198	972	995	wash-out time constants	T081	C0392762
28520198	997	1000	τwi	T081	C0392762
28520198	1002	1005	τwo	T081	C0392762
28520198	1023	1028	voxel	T077	C2700259
28520198	1063	1088	exponential fitting model	T081,T170	C0023965
28520198	1094	1101	healthy	T080	C3898900
28520198	1102	1106	lung	T023	C0024109
28520198	1117	1126	T1 values	T081	C1522609
28520198	1165	1173	normoxic	T080	C0348080
28520198	1178	1187	hyperoxic	T080	C0348080
28520198	1214	1220	Oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28520198	1230	1239	reduction	T080	C0392756
28520198	1285	1294	volunteer	T098	C0020155
28520198	1296	1331	No statistically significant change	T033	C0442739
28520198	1367	1375	normoxic	T080	C0348080
28520198	1380	1389	hyperoxic	T080	C0348080
28520198	1390	1399	T2 values	T081	C1522609
28520198	1462	1465	τwi	T081	C0392762
28520198	1482	1489	seconds	T079	C0457385
28520198	1511	1514	τwo	T081	C0392762
28520198	1531	1538	seconds	T079	C0457385
28520198	1540	1549	IR-ufSSFP	T060	C0079595
28520198	1563	1575	steady-state	T070	C0678587
28520198	1581	1588	dynamic	T169	C0729333
28520198	1589	1595	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28520198	1598	1607	dependent	T080	C1701901
28520198	1608	1619	relaxometry	T060	C0430022
28520198	1627	1632	human	T016	C0086418
28520198	1633	1637	lung	T023	C0024109

28520655|t|Effectiveness of Intracavitary Electrocardiogram Guidance in Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Tip Placement in Neonates
28520655|a|Correct tip location is crucial for a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) to maximize the effects of central venous infusion. However, it is difficult to place the tip in a correct location in neonates because of the unreliable estimated length by surface landmark. Therefore, we evaluated the feasibility and safety of an improved intracavitary electrocardiogram (IC - ECG) technique in guiding PICC placement in neonates based on the ratios of P/R wave amplitudes on IC - ECG. The results showed that all of the 32 neonates whose PICCs had been successfully placed and correct tip position verified by chest radiography acquired qualified P wave on IC - ECG. The average ratio of P/R wave amplitude was 0.6 ± 0.1, with a range of 0.4 to 0.8. The 49 neonates who received IC - ECG -guided PICC catheterization showed higher success rates of correct PICC tip position on the first attempt than traditional, predetermined length estimation on surface landmark (93.9% vs 62.5%, χ = 18.01, P < .001). No significant complications occurred in the studied neonates. Based on these findings, IC - ECG -guided tip placement appears to be a promising approach in improving the success rate of tip location when placing a PICC in neonates.
28520655	0	13	Effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28520655	17	30	Intracavitary	T082	C1298613
28520655	31	48	Electrocardiogram	T033	C0013798
28520655	49	57	Guidance	T058	C0150600
28520655	61	99	Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter	T074	C0179740
28520655	100	103	Tip	T074	C0444299
28520655	104	113	Placement	T058	C1533810
28520655	117	125	Neonates	T100	C0021289
28520655	126	133	Correct	T080	C2349182
28520655	134	137	tip	T074	C0444299
28520655	138	146	location	T082	C0450429
28520655	164	202	peripherally inserted central catheter	T074	C0179740
28520655	204	208	PICC	T074	C0179740
28520655	226	236	effects of	T080	C1704420
28520655	237	260	central venous infusion	T074	C1145640
28520655	290	295	place	T058	C1533810
28520655	300	303	tip	T074	C0444299
28520655	309	316	correct	T080	C2349182
28520655	317	325	location	T082	C0450429
28520655	329	337	neonates	T100	C0021289
28520655	353	363	unreliable	T078	C0749770
28520655	364	373	estimated	T081	C0750572
28520655	374	380	length	T081	C1444754
28520655	384	400	surface landmark	T061	C0456655
28520655	416	425	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28520655	430	441	feasibility	T062,T170	C0015730
28520655	446	452	safety	T062	C1705187
28520655	459	467	improved	T033	C0184511
28520655	468	481	intracavitary	T082	C1298613
28520655	482	499	electrocardiogram	T033	C0013798
28520655	501	503	IC	T082	C1298613
28520655	506	509	ECG	T033	C0013798
28520655	511	520	technique	T169	C0449851
28520655	532	536	PICC	T074	C0179740
28520655	537	546	placement	T058	C1533810
28520655	550	558	neonates	T100	C0021289
28520655	572	578	ratios	T081	C0456603
28520655	582	585	P/R	T201	C0520877
28520655	586	601	wave amplitudes	UnknownType	C0678555
28520655	605	607	IC	T082	C1298613
28520655	610	613	ECG	T033	C0013798
28520655	619	626	results	T034	C0456984
28520655	653	661	neonates	T100	C0021289
28520655	668	702	PICCs had been successfully placed	T033	C2024079
28520655	707	714	correct	T080	C2349182
28520655	715	718	tip	T074	C0444299
28520655	719	727	position	T082	C0733755
28520655	728	736	verified	T058	C3834725
28520655	740	757	chest radiography	T060	C0039985
28520655	758	766	acquired	T080	C0439661
28520655	777	783	P wave	T201	C0429084
28520655	787	789	IC	T082	C1298613
28520655	792	795	ECG	T033	C0013798
28520655	801	808	average	T081	C1510992
28520655	809	814	ratio	T081	C0456603
28520655	818	821	P/R	T201	C0520877
28520655	822	836	wave amplitude	UnknownType	C0678555
28520655	859	864	range	T081	C1514721
28520655	887	895	neonates	T100	C0021289
28520655	900	908	received	T080	C1514756
28520655	909	911	IC	T082	C1298613
28520655	914	917	ECG	T033	C0013798
28520655	926	930	PICC	T074	C0179740
28520655	931	946	catheterization	T061	C0007430
28520655	954	960	higher	T080	C0205250
28520655	961	968	success	T080	C0679864
28520655	969	974	rates	T081	C1521828
28520655	978	985	correct	T080	C2349182
28520655	986	990	PICC	T074	C0179740
28520655	991	994	tip	T074	C0444299
28520655	995	1003	position	T082	C0733755
28520655	1017	1024	attempt	T051	C1516084
28520655	1030	1041	traditional	T061	C3650840
28520655	1043	1056	predetermined	T080	C0205556
28520655	1057	1063	length	T081	C1444754
28520655	1064	1074	estimation	T081	C0750572
28520655	1078	1094	surface landmark	T061	C0456655
28520655	1137	1148	significant	T078	C0750502
28520655	1149	1162	complications	T046	C0009566
28520655	1163	1171	occurred	T052	C1709305
28520655	1179	1186	studied	T062	C2603343
28520655	1187	1195	neonates	T100	C0021289
28520655	1212	1220	findings	T033	C0243095
28520655	1222	1224	IC	T082	C1298613
28520655	1227	1230	ECG	T033	C0013798
28520655	1239	1242	tip	T074	C0444299
28520655	1243	1252	placement	T058	C1533810
28520655	1291	1300	improving	T080	C1272745
28520655	1305	1312	success	T080	C0679864
28520655	1313	1317	rate	T081	C1521828
28520655	1321	1324	tip	T074	C0444299
28520655	1325	1333	location	T082	C0450429
28520655	1339	1346	placing	T058	C1533810
28520655	1349	1353	PICC	T074	C0179740
28520655	1357	1365	neonates	T100	C0021289

28520661|t|Traumatic Brain Injury and Depression in a Community - Based Sample: A Cohort Study Across the Adult Life Span
28520661|a|To determine whether self-reported traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are associated with " cases " of clinically significant depression in the general community. To examine interactions between variables previously linked to depression after a TBI. Population -based community study (Canberra and Queanbeyan, Australia). Three age cohorts: young, middle-aged, and older adults (aged 20-24, 40-44, and 60-64 years at baseline) randomly selected from the electoral roll and followed across 3 waves (4 years apart). A total of 7397, 6621, and 6042 people provided their TBI history in waves 1 to 3. Lifetime (TBIlifetime: sustained at any time since birth), recent (TBIrecent: in the preceding 4 years), and multiple (TBImultiple: more than 1) TBIs, current depression, and known risk factors for depression (age, sex, marital / employment status, prior history of depression, medical conditions, recent life events, alcohol consumption, social support, physical activity). Generalized estimating equations demonstrated a significant association between sustaining a TBI and experiencing clinically significant depression (cases), even after controlling for multiple demographic and health / lifestyle factors. There is an enduring association between depression and TBI, suggesting that, following a TBI, individuals should be monitored and supported to optimize their long-term psychological health.
28520661	0	22	Traumatic Brain Injury	T037	C0876926
28520661	27	37	Depression	T048	C0011570
28520661	43	52	Community	T096	C0009462
28520661	55	60	Based	T169	C1527178
28520661	71	83	Cohort Study	T081	C0009247
28520661	95	100	Adult	T100	C0001675
28520661	101	110	Life Span	T102	C0870809
28520661	146	170	traumatic brain injuries	T037	C0876926
28520661	172	176	TBIs	T037	C0876926
28520661	182	197	associated with	T080	C0332281
28520661	200	205	cases	T077	C1706256
28520661	211	233	clinically significant	T033	C2826293
28520661	234	244	depression	T048	C0011570
28520661	252	269	general community	T096	C0009462
28520661	282	294	interactions	T169	C1704675
28520661	303	312	variables	T081	C1705098
28520661	334	344	depression	T048	C0011570
28520661	353	356	TBI	T037	C0876926
28520661	358	368	Population	T098	C1257890
28520661	376	385	community	T096	C0009462
28520661	386	391	study	T062	C2603343
28520661	393	401	Canberra	T083	C0454764
28520661	406	416	Queanbeyan	UnknownType	C0681784
28520661	418	427	Australia	T083	C0004340
28520661	430	435	Three	T081	C0205449
28520661	436	447	age cohorts	T098	C2348001
28520661	449	454	young	T079	C0332239
28520661	456	467	middle-aged	T100	C0205847
28520661	473	478	older	T098	C0001792
28520661	479	485	adults	T100	C0001675
28520661	487	491	aged	T032	C0001779
28520661	510	521	60-64 years	T100	C4035747
28520661	525	533	baseline	T081	C1442488
28520661	535	543	randomly	T080	C0439605
28520661	544	552	selected	T052	C1707391
28520661	581	589	followed	T079	C0332283
28520661	608	619	years apart	T079	C0439234
28520661	654	660	people	T098	C0027361
28520661	676	679	TBI	T037	C0876926
28520661	705	713	Lifetime	T079	C4071830
28520661	728	737	sustained	T169	C0443318
28520661	745	749	time	T079	C0040223
28520661	750	755	since	T079	C1711239
28520661	756	761	birth	T040	C0005615
28520661	764	770	recent	T079	C0332185
28520661	790	799	preceding	T079	C0332152
28520661	802	807	years	T079	C0439234
28520661	814	822	multiple	T081	C0439064
28520661	850	854	TBIs	T037	C0876926
28520661	856	863	current	T079	C0521116
28520661	864	874	depression	T048	C0011570
28520661	886	898	risk factors	T033	C0035648
28520661	903	913	depression	T048	C0011570
28520661	915	918	age	T032	C0001779
28520661	920	923	sex	T032	C0079399
28520661	925	932	marital	T102	C0024819
28520661	935	952	employment status	T033	C0242271
28520661	954	967	prior history	T033	C2133631
28520661	971	981	depression	T048	C0011570
28520661	983	1001	medical conditions	T033	C0243095
28520661	1010	1021	life events	T051	C0441471
28520661	1023	1042	alcohol consumption	T055	C0001948
28520661	1044	1058	social support	T054	C0037438
28520661	1060	1077	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28520661	1103	1112	equations	T077	C0552449
28520661	1140	1151	association	T080	C0439849
28520661	1173	1176	TBI	T037	C0876926
28520661	1194	1216	clinically significant	T033	C2826293
28520661	1217	1227	depression	T048	C0011570
28520661	1229	1234	cases	T077	C1706256
28520661	1248	1259	controlling	T067	C2239193
28520661	1264	1272	multiple	T081	C0439064
28520661	1273	1284	demographic	T078	C0011292
28520661	1289	1295	health	T078	C0018684
28520661	1298	1307	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28520661	1308	1315	factors	T169	C1521761
28520661	1338	1349	association	T080	C0439849
28520661	1358	1368	depression	T048	C0011570
28520661	1373	1376	TBI	T037	C0876926
28520661	1407	1410	TBI	T037	C0876926
28520661	1412	1423	individuals	T098	C0237401
28520661	1434	1443	monitored	T097	C1521743
28520661	1476	1485	long-term	T079	C0443252
28520661	1486	1506	psychological health	T041	C0025353

28520994|t|Gut microbiota -mediated protection against diarrheal infections
28520994|a|The mammalian gut microbiota is a highly abundant and diverse microbial community that resides in the gastrointestinal tract. One major benefit that the gut microbiota provides to its host is colonization resistance -the ability to prevent colonization by foreign microbes, including diarrheal pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. We conducted a literature review of the effects of the gut microbiota on infection by diarrheal pathogens. We used PubMed to search for relevant articles published before July 2016, as well as incorporated data from our laboratory. The gut microbiota provides protection from diarrheal infections both by direct inhibition of pathogens and by indirect effects on host functions. Direct effects of the microbiota on diarrheal pathogens include competing for nutrients and producing metabolites that inhibit pathogen growth or virulence. Indirect effects of the gut microbiota include promoting maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier and stimulating innate and adaptive immunity. Human epidemiological studies and experimental infections of laboratory animals both demonstrate that antibiotic treatment can alter the gut microbial community and thereby reduce colonization resistance against diarrheal pathogens. Further research might lead to the development of next-generation probiotics that could be used to bolster colonization resistance and thus prevent travellers' diarrheal.
28520994	0	14	Gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
28520994	25	35	protection	T033	C1545588
28520994	44	53	diarrheal	T184	C0011991
28520994	54	64	infections	T046	C3714514
28520994	69	78	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28520994	79	93	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
28520994	127	136	microbial	T001	C0445623
28520994	137	146	community	T096	C0009462
28520994	152	159	resides	T052	C2982691
28520994	167	189	gastrointestinal tract	T022	C0017189
28520994	218	232	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
28520994	249	253	host	T001	C1167395
28520994	257	269	colonization	T033	C4289767
28520994	270	280	resistance	T169	C4281815
28520994	297	304	prevent	T169	C0205245
28520994	305	317	colonization	T033	C4289767
28520994	321	337	foreign microbes	T001	C0445623
28520994	349	358	diarrheal	T184	C0011991
28520994	359	368	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28520994	377	398	Clostridium difficile	T007	C0079134
28520994	400	439	Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium	T007	C0036126
28520994	444	474	diarrheagenic Escherichia coli	T007	C1264842
28520994	491	508	literature review	T170	C0282441
28520994	516	526	effects of	T080	C1704420
28520994	531	545	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
28520994	549	558	infection	T046	C3714514
28520994	562	571	diarrheal	T184	C0011991
28520994	572	581	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28520994	591	597	PubMed	T170	C1138432
28520994	621	629	articles	T170	C1706852
28520994	682	686	data	T078	C1511726
28520994	696	706	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28520994	712	726	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
28520994	736	746	protection	T033	C1545588
28520994	752	761	diarrheal	T184	C0011991
28520994	762	772	infections	T046	C3714514
28520994	781	787	direct	T080	C1947931
28520994	788	798	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28520994	802	811	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28520994	819	827	indirect	T080	C0439852
28520994	828	835	effects	T080	C1280500
28520994	839	843	host	T001	C1167395
28520994	844	853	functions	T169	C0542341
28520994	855	861	Direct	T080	C1947931
28520994	862	872	effects of	T080	C1704420
28520994	877	887	microbiota	T001	C4018878
28520994	891	900	diarrheal	T184	C0011991
28520994	901	910	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28520994	933	942	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28520994	957	968	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28520994	974	981	inhibit	T169	C0205245
28520994	982	990	pathogen	T001	C0450254
28520994	991	997	growth	T040	C0018270
28520994	1001	1010	virulence	T038	C0042765
28520994	1012	1020	Indirect	T080	C0439852
28520994	1021	1031	effects of	T080	C1704420
28520994	1036	1050	gut microbiota	T001	C4018878
28520994	1069	1080	maintenance	T052	C0024501
28520994	1088	1107	gut mucosal barrier	T042	C0232577
28520994	1124	1130	innate	T032	C0020969
28520994	1135	1152	adaptive immunity	T039	C0678209
28520994	1154	1159	Human	T016	C0086418
28520994	1160	1183	epidemiological studies	T062	C0002783
28520994	1188	1200	experimental	T080	C1517586
28520994	1201	1211	infections	T046	C3714514
28520994	1215	1233	laboratory animals	T008	C0003064
28520994	1256	1276	antibiotic treatment	T061	C0338237
28520994	1291	1304	gut microbial	T001	C4018878
28520994	1305	1314	community	T096	C0009462
28520994	1334	1346	colonization	T033	C4289767
28520994	1347	1357	resistance	T169	C4281815
28520994	1366	1375	diarrheal	T184	C0011991
28520994	1376	1385	pathogens	T001	C0450254
28520994	1395	1403	research	T062	C0035168
28520994	1422	1433	development	T169	C1527148
28520994	1437	1463	next-generation probiotics	T007	C0525033
28520994	1494	1506	colonization	T033	C4289767
28520994	1507	1517	resistance	T169	C4281815
28520994	1527	1534	prevent	T169	C0205245
28520994	1535	1556	travellers' diarrheal	T047	C0277528

28521168|t|Ecotoxicity testing and environmental risk assessment of iron nanomaterials for sub-surface remediation - Recommendations from the FP7 project NanoRem
28521168|a|Nanoremediation with iron (Fe) nanomaterials opens new doors for treating contaminated soil and groundwater, but is also accompanied by new potential risks as large quantities of engineered nanomaterials are introduced into the environment. In this study, we have assessed the ecotoxicity of four engineered Fe nanomaterials, specifically, Nano-Goethite, Trap-Ox Fe-zeolites, Carbo-Iron (®) and FerMEG12, developed within the European FP7 project NanoRem for sub-surface remediation towards a test battery consisting of eight ecotoxicity tests on bacteria (V. fisheri, E. coli), algae (P. subcapitata, Chlamydomonas sp.), crustaceans (D. magna), worms (E. fetida, L. variegatus) and plants (R. sativus, L. multiflorum). The tested materials are commercially available and include Fe oxide and nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI), but also hybrid products with Fe loaded into a matrix. All but one material, a ball milled nZVI (FerMEG12), showed no toxicity in the test battery when tested in concentrations up to 100 mg/L, which is the cutoff for hazard labeling in chemicals regulation in Europe. However it should be noted that Fe nanomaterials proved challenging to test adequately due to their turbidity, aggregation and sedimentation behavior in aqueous media. This paper provides a number of recommendations concerning future testing of Fe nanomaterials and discusses environmental risk assessment considerations related to these.
28521168	0	11	Ecotoxicity	T037	C0600688
28521168	12	19	testing	T169	C0039593
28521168	24	53	environmental risk assessment	T058	C4076706
28521168	57	61	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	62	75	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28521168	92	103	remediation	T069	C3853059
28521168	106	121	Recommendations	T078	C0034866
28521168	131	150	FP7 project NanoRem	T062	C0700032
28521168	151	166	Nanoremediation	T069	C3853059
28521168	172	176	iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	178	180	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	182	195	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28521168	216	224	treating	T169	C1522326
28521168	225	237	contaminated	T169	C0205279
28521168	238	242	soil	T167	C0037592
28521168	247	258	groundwater	T121,T197	C0043047
28521168	291	306	potential risks	T078	C0035647
28521168	330	354	engineered nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28521168	379	390	environment	T082	C0014406
28521168	400	405	study	T062	C2603343
28521168	415	423	assessed	T052	C1516048
28521168	428	439	ecotoxicity	T037	C0600688
28521168	459	461	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	462	475	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28521168	491	504	Nano-Goethite	T197	C0300269
28521168	506	525	Trap-Ox Fe-zeolites	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	527	537	Carbo-Iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	546	554	FerMEG12	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	577	605	European FP7 project NanoRem	T062	C0700032
28521168	622	633	remediation	T069	C3853059
28521168	644	656	test battery	T059	C0022885
28521168	677	688	ecotoxicity	T037	C0600688
28521168	689	694	tests	T059	C0022885
28521168	698	706	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28521168	708	718	V. fisheri	T007	C0318276
28521168	720	727	E. coli	T007	C0014834
28521168	730	735	algae	T204	C0002028
28521168	737	751	P. subcapitata	T002	C1089415
28521168	753	770	Chlamydomonas sp.	T002	C0008155
28521168	773	784	crustaceans	T204	C0010395
28521168	786	794	D. magna	T204	C1081963
28521168	797	802	worms	T204	C0018893
28521168	804	813	E. fetida	T204	C0524676
28521168	815	828	L. variegatus	T204	C0998692
28521168	834	840	plants	T002	C0032098
28521168	842	852	R. sativus	T002	C0996771
28521168	854	868	L. multiflorum	T002	C0331557
28521168	931	939	Fe oxide	T121,T197	C0060240
28521168	944	970	nanoscale zero valent iron	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	972	976	nZVI	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	1009	1011	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	1026	1032	matrix	T082	C1704640
28521168	1046	1054	material	T167	C0520510
28521168	1058	1074	ball milled nZVI	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	1076	1084	FerMEG12	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	1094	1105	no toxicity	T033	C1513916
28521168	1113	1125	test battery	T059	C0022885
28521168	1141	1155	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28521168	1185	1191	cutoff	T169	C1442160
28521168	1196	1202	hazard	T080	C0598697
28521168	1203	1211	labeling	T064	C2827499
28521168	1215	1235	chemicals regulation	T064	C0851285
28521168	1239	1245	Europe	T083	C0015176
28521168	1279	1281	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	1282	1295	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28521168	1347	1356	turbidity	T080	C0301633
28521168	1358	1369	aggregation	T169	C0332621
28521168	1374	1396	sedimentation behavior	T070	C1384604
28521168	1400	1407	aqueous	T080	C0599956
28521168	1408	1413	media	T167	C1705217
28521168	1447	1462	recommendations	T078	C0034866
28521168	1474	1488	future testing	T169	C0039593
28521168	1492	1494	Fe	T121,T123,T196	C0302583
28521168	1495	1508	nanomaterials	T073	C1450053
28521168	1523	1552	environmental risk assessment	T058	C4076706

28521254|t|CS - PEG decorated PLGA nano-prototype for delivery of bioactive compounds: A novel approach for induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cell line
28521254|a|Polymer - based nanoparticles are used as vectors for cancer drug delivery. The bioactive compounds (quercetin, ellagic acid and gallic acid) are well known to be not only antioxidants but also chemopreventive candidates against various types of cancers. To circumvent the low bioavailability and the short half-life time obstacles, we hypothesized a novel PLGA nano-platform functionalized with CS and PEG to encapsulate these phytochemicals. This encapsulation will protect the compounds from the phagocytic uptake and deliver PLGA-CS-PEG nano-prototype with high biodegradability and biosafety. Three consequent types of PLGA-based nanocomposites were prepared and characterized. Furthermore, we investigated the newly synthesized nano-formulations against human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and colorectal cancer (HCT 116) cell lines using cell growth inhibition assays, followed by apoptosis and necrosis assays using flow cytometry to detect the underlying mechanism of HepG2 cell death. Through Malvern Zeta Sizer, we recorded that the average diameters of the nano-prototypes ranged from 150 to 300nm. The cytotoxic activity of quercetin, ellagic acid, and gallic acid - encapsulated PLGA, PLGA-CS, and PLGA-CS-PEG nano-prototypes it has been found that they reduce the IC50s of the HepG2 cells values by 2.2, 2.9, 2.8- folds, 1, 1.5, 2.7- folds, and 0.9, 0.7, 1.5- folds, respectively. Mechanistically, the nano-platforms of quercetin seem to be dependent on both apoptosis and necrosis, while those of ellagic acid and gallic acid are mainly dependent on apoptosis. CS - PEG -blended PLGA nano-delivery system of quercetin, ellagic acid and gallic acid can potentiate apoptosis-mediated cell death in HepG2 cell line.
28521254	0	2	CS	T109,T121	C0162969
28521254	5	8	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
28521254	19	38	PLGA nano-prototype	T109,T122	C0071599
28521254	43	51	delivery	T070	C3850077
28521254	55	74	bioactive compounds	T123	C0574031
28521254	78	83	novel	T080	C0205314
28521254	84	92	approach	T082	C0449445
28521254	97	106	induction	T169	C0205263
28521254	110	119	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28521254	123	138	HepG2 cell line	T025	C2717940
28521254	139	146	Polymer	T104,T122	C0032521
28521254	149	154	based	T169	C1527178
28521254	155	168	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28521254	173	177	used	T169	C1524063
28521254	181	188	vectors	T082	C0442335
28521254	193	199	cancer	T191	C0007097
28521254	200	213	drug delivery	T169	C0039798
28521254	219	238	bioactive compounds	T123	C0574031
28521254	240	249	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
28521254	251	263	ellagic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0013900
28521254	268	279	gallic acid	T109,T130	C0016979
28521254	311	323	antioxidants	T121	C0003402
28521254	333	359	chemopreventive candidates	T121	C1516463
28521254	360	367	against	T080	C0521124
28521254	368	375	various	T081	C0439064
28521254	376	381	types	T080	C0332307
28521254	385	392	cancers	T191	C0007097
28521254	412	415	low	T080	C0205251
28521254	416	431	bioavailability	T081	C0005508
28521254	440	445	short	T081	C1806781
28521254	446	455	half-life	T079	C0018517
28521254	456	460	time	T079	C0040223
28521254	461	470	obstacles	T169	C0332206
28521254	490	495	novel	T080	C0205314
28521254	496	514	PLGA nano-platform	T109,T122	C0071599
28521254	515	529	functionalized	T169	C0205245
28521254	535	537	CS	T109,T121	C0162969
28521254	542	545	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
28521254	549	560	encapsulate	T080	C0205223
28521254	567	581	phytochemicals	T109,T123	C0577749
28521254	588	601	encapsulation	T067	C2348438
28521254	607	614	protect	T033	C1545588
28521254	619	628	compounds	T121	C1254351
28521254	638	655	phagocytic uptake	T043	C3888108
28521254	660	667	deliver	T070	C3850077
28521254	668	694	PLGA-CS-PEG nano-prototype	T121	C1254351
28521254	705	721	biodegradability	T080	C0205556
28521254	726	735	biosafety	T080	C0205556
28521254	754	759	types	T080	C0332307
28521254	763	788	PLGA-based nanocomposites	T121	C1254351
28521254	794	802	prepared	T052	C1521827
28521254	807	820	characterized	T052	C1880022
28521254	838	850	investigated	T169	C1292732
28521254	861	872	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28521254	873	890	nano-formulations	T073	C1707824
28521254	891	898	against	T080	C0521124
28521254	899	904	human	T016	C0086418
28521254	905	929	hepatocellular carcinoma	T191	C2239176
28521254	931	936	HepG2	T025	C2717940
28521254	942	959	colorectal cancer	T191	C1527249
28521254	961	968	HCT 116	T025	C1258005
28521254	970	980	cell lines	T025	C0682523
28521254	981	986	using	T169	C1524063
28521254	987	1009	cell growth inhibition	T043	C1512773
28521254	1010	1016	assays	T059	C1510438
28521254	1018	1029	followed by	T079	C0332283
28521254	1030	1039	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28521254	1044	1052	necrosis	T042	C0027540
28521254	1053	1059	assays	T059	C1510438
28521254	1060	1065	using	T169	C1524063
28521254	1066	1080	flow cytometry	T059	C0016263
28521254	1084	1090	detect	T059	C0022885
28521254	1106	1115	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28521254	1119	1124	HepG2	T025	C2717940
28521254	1125	1135	cell death	T043	C0007587
28521254	1186	1193	average	T081	C1510992
28521254	1194	1203	diameters	T081	C1301886
28521254	1211	1226	nano-prototypes	T073	C1450054
28521254	1257	1275	cytotoxic activity	T059	C1551412
28521254	1279	1288	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
28521254	1290	1302	ellagic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0013900
28521254	1308	1319	gallic acid	T109,T130	C0016979
28521254	1322	1334	encapsulated	T080	C0205223
28521254	1335	1339	PLGA	T109,T122	C0071599
28521254	1341	1348	PLGA-CS	T121	C1254351
28521254	1354	1381	PLGA-CS-PEG nano-prototypes	T121	C1254351
28521254	1394	1399	found	T033	C0150312
28521254	1410	1416	reduce	T080	C0392756
28521254	1421	1426	IC50s	T081	C0600495
28521254	1434	1445	HepG2 cells	T025	C2717940
28521254	1446	1452	values	T081	C1522609
28521254	1471	1476	folds	T081	C1880833
28521254	1491	1496	folds	T081	C1880833
28521254	1517	1522	folds	T081	C1880833
28521254	1577	1586	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
28521254	1598	1607	dependent	T080	C0851827
28521254	1616	1625	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28521254	1630	1638	necrosis	T042	C0027540
28521254	1655	1667	ellagic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0013900
28521254	1672	1683	gallic acid	T109,T130	C0016979
28521254	1695	1704	dependent	T080	C0851827
28521254	1708	1717	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28521254	1719	1721	CS	T109,T121	C0162969
28521254	1724	1727	PEG	T109,T121,T122	C0032483
28521254	1737	1741	PLGA	T109,T122	C0071599
28521254	1742	1762	nano-delivery system	T169	C0449914
28521254	1766	1775	quercetin	T109,T121,T127	C0034392
28521254	1777	1789	ellagic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0013900
28521254	1794	1805	gallic acid	T109,T130	C0016979
28521254	1810	1820	potentiate	T052	C2349975
28521254	1821	1839	apoptosis-mediated	T043	C0162638
28521254	1840	1850	cell death	T043	C0007587
28521254	1854	1869	HepG2 cell line	T025	C2717940

28521299|t|Isradipine attenuates MPTP - induced dopamine neuron degeneration by inhibiting up-regulation of L-type calcium channels and iron accumulation in the substantia nigra of mice
28521299|a|The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) on MPTP - induced dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration and iron accumulation in the substantia nigra (SN) of mice. By real-time PCR and western blots, we first quatified expressions of L-type Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 calcium channel α1 subunits in the SN of experimental mice treated with MPTP. We found that the expressions of Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 calcium channel α1 subunits markedly increased after MPTP treatment for 2 and 3 weeks. Secondly, we observed the effects of isradipine, a LTCC antagonist, on MPTP - induced DA neuron degeneration and iron accumulation in the SN. Our results showed that isradipine treatment prevented against MPTP - induced Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 calcium channel α1 subunits up-regulation in the SN. We also found that isradipine prevented against MPTP - induced DA neuron depletion in the SN and partly restored the DA content in the striatum. Moreover, we found that isradipine inhibited the increase of iron positive cells in the SN of the MPTP - treated mice. Finally, we investigated the effects of isradipine on cellular iron accumulation in the dopaminergic MES23.5 cell line. Our studies showed that MPP+ treatment accelerated iron influx in the MES23.5 cells. Treatment with Bayk8644 further aggravated iron accumulation. Treatment with isradipine prevented against MPP+ - induced iron influx in the MES23.5 cells. These results suggest that up-regulation of LTCCs may be responsible for the DA neuron degeneration in the MPTP - treated mice, The LTCCs may directly contribute to iron influx into DA neurons, and isradipine may suppress cellular iron accumulation and prevents neurodegeneration.
28521299	0	10	Isradipine	T109,T121	C0071304
28521299	11	21	attenuates	T052	C0599946
28521299	22	26	MPTP	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	29	36	induced	T046	C0007994
28521299	37	52	dopamine neuron	T025	C1512035
28521299	53	65	degeneration	T049	C0027746
28521299	69	79	inhibiting	T052	C3463820
28521299	80	93	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
28521299	97	120	L-type calcium channels	T116,T123	C0288263
28521299	125	166	iron accumulation in the substantia nigra	T033	C4022785
28521299	170	174	mice	T015	C0025929
28521299	191	196	study	T062	C0008972
28521299	203	214	investigate	T169	C1292732
28521299	219	229	effects of	T080	C1704420
28521299	230	253	L-type calcium channels	T116,T123	C0288263
28521299	255	260	LTCCs	T116,T123	C0288263
28521299	265	269	MPTP	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	272	279	induced	T046	C0007994
28521299	280	300	dopamine (DA) neuron	T025	C1512035
28521299	301	313	degeneration	T049	C0027746
28521299	318	359	iron accumulation in the substantia nigra	T033	C4022785
28521299	361	363	SN	T023	C0038590
28521299	368	372	mice	T015	C0025929
28521299	377	390	real-time PCR	T063	C1709846
28521299	395	408	western blots	T059	C0949466
28521299	419	428	quatified	T081	C1709793
28521299	429	440	expressions	T045	C1171362
28521299	444	457	L-type Cav1.2	T116,T123	C1742148
28521299	462	496	Cav1.3 calcium channel α1 subunits	T116,T123	C1451807
28521299	504	506	SN	T023	C0038590
28521299	510	527	experimental mice	T008	C0003064
28521299	528	540	treated with	T061	C0332293
28521299	541	545	MPTP	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	565	576	expressions	T045	C1171362
28521299	580	586	Cav1.2	T116,T123	C1742148
28521299	591	625	Cav1.3 calcium channel α1 subunits	T116,T123	C1451807
28521299	635	644	increased	T081	C0205217
28521299	651	655	MPTP	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	656	665	treatment	T169	C1522326
28521299	678	683	weeks	T079	C0439230
28521299	698	706	observed	T169	C1441672
28521299	711	721	effects of	T080	C1704420
28521299	722	732	isradipine	T109,T121	C0071304
28521299	736	740	LTCC	T116,T123	C0288263
28521299	741	751	antagonist	T120	C0243076
28521299	756	760	MPTP	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	763	770	induced	T046	C0007994
28521299	771	780	DA neuron	T025	C1512035
28521299	781	793	degeneration	T049	C0027746
28521299	798	825	iron accumulation in the SN	T033	C4022785
28521299	831	838	results	T033	C0683954
28521299	851	861	isradipine	T109,T121	C0071304
28521299	862	871	treatment	T169	C1522326
28521299	872	881	prevented	T169	C1292733
28521299	890	894	MPTP	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	897	904	induced	T046	C0007994
28521299	905	911	Cav1.2	T116,T123	C1742148
28521299	916	950	Cav1.3 calcium channel α1 subunits	T116,T123	C1451807
28521299	951	964	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
28521299	972	974	SN	T023	C0038590
28521299	995	1005	isradipine	T109,T121	C0071304
28521299	1006	1015	prevented	T169	C1292733
28521299	1024	1028	MPTP	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	1031	1038	induced	T046	C0007994
28521299	1039	1048	DA neuron	T025	C1512035
28521299	1049	1058	depletion	T169	C1880269
28521299	1066	1068	SN	T023	C0038590
28521299	1080	1088	restored	T061	C1283255
28521299	1093	1103	DA content	T059	C0201989
28521299	1111	1119	striatum	T023	C0010097
28521299	1145	1155	isradipine	T109,T121	C0071304
28521299	1156	1165	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28521299	1170	1178	increase	T169	C0442805
28521299	1182	1201	iron positive cells	T033	C2825141
28521299	1209	1211	SN	T023	C0038590
28521299	1219	1223	MPTP	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	1226	1233	treated	T061	C0087111
28521299	1234	1238	mice	T015	C0025929
28521299	1252	1264	investigated	T169	C1292732
28521299	1269	1279	effects of	T080	C1704420
28521299	1280	1290	isradipine	T109,T121	C0071304
28521299	1294	1320	cellular iron accumulation	T033	C4022785
28521299	1328	1340	dopaminergic	T025	C1512035
28521299	1341	1358	MES23.5 cell line	T191	C0027819
28521299	1364	1371	studies	T062	C0008972
28521299	1384	1388	MPP+	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	1389	1398	treatment	T169	C1522326
28521299	1399	1410	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28521299	1411	1422	iron influx	T044	C3548550
28521299	1430	1443	MES23.5 cells	T191	C0027819
28521299	1445	1454	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28521299	1460	1468	Bayk8644	T109,T121	C0004855
28521299	1477	1487	aggravated	T080	C1444749
28521299	1488	1505	iron accumulation	T033	C4022785
28521299	1507	1516	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28521299	1522	1532	isradipine	T109,T121	C0071304
28521299	1533	1542	prevented	T169	C1292733
28521299	1551	1555	MPP+	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	1558	1565	induced	T046	C0007994
28521299	1566	1577	iron influx	T044	C3548550
28521299	1585	1598	MES23.5 cells	T191	C0027819
28521299	1606	1613	results	T033	C0683954
28521299	1627	1640	up-regulation	T044	C0041904
28521299	1644	1649	LTCCs	T116,T123	C0288263
28521299	1677	1686	DA neuron	T025	C1512035
28521299	1687	1699	degeneration	T049	C0027746
28521299	1707	1711	MPTP	T109,T131	C0000097
28521299	1714	1721	treated	T061	C0087111
28521299	1722	1726	mice	T015	C0025929
28521299	1732	1737	LTCCs	T116,T123	C0288263
28521299	1765	1776	iron influx	T044	C3548550
28521299	1782	1792	DA neurons	T025	C1512035
28521299	1798	1808	isradipine	T109,T121	C0071304
28521299	1813	1821	suppress	T169	C1260953
28521299	1822	1848	cellular iron accumulation	T033	C4022785
28521299	1853	1861	prevents	T169	C1292733
28521299	1862	1879	neurodegeneration	T049	C0027746

28521617|t|Fingerprint -based background checks for personal care workers: Stakeholder views of policy criteria
28521617|a|Decision makers face difficult choices when tasked with identifying and implementing appropriate mechanisms for protecting the elderly and other vulnerable adults from abuse. A pilot project involving fingerprint -based criminal history background checks for personal care workers in Michigan has supplied an opportunity to examine one such mechanism. In conjunction with the pilot project, we have conducted a stakeholder analysis with the aim of informing decision makers about stakeholder perceptions of standard policy criteria like effectiveness, efficiency, and equity. We employed focus groups and a web-based survey to collect data from stakeholders. While stakeholders generally see fingerprint -based background checks for personal care workers as potentially effective and as a net benefit, they also point to a variety of contingencies. They also recognize difficulties and constraints for government involvement. This preliminary analysis provides solid foundational information for decision makers and for more extensive benefit-cost analysis.
28521617	0	11	Fingerprint	T073	C0016126
28521617	19	36	background checks	T033	C0243095
28521617	41	62	personal care workers	T097	C1522486
28521617	64	75	Stakeholder	T098	C0027361
28521617	76	81	views	T078	C1254370
28521617	85	91	policy	T170	C0242456
28521617	92	100	criteria	T078	C0243161
28521617	101	116	Decision makers	T098	C1257890
28521617	173	185	implementing	T052	C1708476
28521617	198	208	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28521617	213	223	protecting	T033	C0516529
28521617	228	235	elderly	T098	C0001792
28521617	246	263	vulnerable adults	T033	C1562367
28521617	269	274	abuse	T051	C1546935
28521617	278	291	pilot project	T062	C0031928
28521617	302	313	fingerprint	T073	C0016126
28521617	321	329	criminal	T098	C2607966
28521617	338	355	background checks	T033	C0243095
28521617	360	381	personal care workers	T097	C1522486
28521617	385	393	Michigan	T083	C1548669
28521617	410	421	opportunity	T062	C0683937
28521617	442	451	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28521617	456	467	conjunction	T078	C2699427
28521617	477	490	pilot project	T062	C0031928
28521617	512	523	stakeholder	T097	C1522486
28521617	524	532	analysis	T062	C0936012
28521617	559	574	decision makers	T098	C1257890
28521617	581	592	stakeholder	T098	C0027361
28521617	593	604	perceptions	T041	C0030971
28521617	608	616	standard	T170	C3244099
28521617	617	623	policy	T170	C0242456
28521617	624	632	criteria	T078	C0243161
28521617	638	651	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28521617	653	663	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28521617	669	675	equity	T080	C0237597
28521617	689	701	focus groups	UnknownType	C0681860
28521617	708	724	web-based survey	T170	C0038951
28521617	728	735	collect	T062	C0010995
28521617	736	740	data	T078	C1511726
28521617	746	758	stakeholders	T098	C0027361
28521617	766	778	stakeholders	T098	C0027361
28521617	793	804	fingerprint	T073	C0016126
28521617	812	829	background checks	T033	C0243095
28521617	834	855	personal care workers	T097	C1522486
28521617	871	880	effective	T080	C1704419
28521617	890	901	net benefit	T081	C0814225
28521617	935	948	contingencies	T051	C0441471
28521617	970	982	difficulties	T033	C0425101
28521617	987	998	constraints	T169	C0443288
28521617	1003	1013	government	T092	C0018104
28521617	1014	1025	involvement	T169	C1314939
28521617	1032	1052	preliminary analysis	T062	C0936012
28521617	1068	1092	foundational information	T078	C1533716
28521617	1097	1112	decision makers	T098	C1257890
28521617	1136	1157	benefit-cost analysis	T057	C0010174

28521676|t|The ultimate outlier: Transitional care for persons with dementia and BPSD
28521676|a|Transitional care units aim to assist caregivers who cannot manage the care for persons with dementia who manifest behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, there is a dearth in research on such care units. The current study reviewed one specialized transitional unit to better understand the characteristics of the persons with dementia and behavioral symptoms entering such unit. The study also looked at the change in terms of (a) BPSD, (b) use of psychotropic medications and (c) function of the patients in this unit. A retrospective chart review of 73 residents of a transitional care unit was conducted. Background and outcome information were collected on electronic data entry sheets. Patients had an average age of 75.0 years, 74.0% were men. Mean Cognitive Performance Scale score was 4.7. Comparing admission to discharge, there was a significant decrease in BPSD, and a significant increase in number of central nervous system medications. There were no significant changes in cognition or ability to perform activities of daily living. Patient characteristics differed from those of other long term care settings. This unique population requires further study to optimize outcomes.
28521676	22	39	Transitional care	T058	C4019071
28521676	44	51	persons	T098	C0027361
28521676	57	65	dementia	T048	C0497327
28521676	70	74	BPSD	T048	C1868717
28521676	75	92	Transitional care	T058	C4019071
28521676	93	98	units	T073,T093	C0019988
28521676	106	112	assist	T058	C0557034
28521676	113	123	caregivers	T097	C0085537
28521676	128	134	cannot	T033	C1299582
28521676	135	141	manage	T058	C0184516
28521676	146	150	care	T052	C1947933
28521676	155	162	persons	T098	C0027361
28521676	168	176	dementia	T048	C0497327
28521676	181	189	manifest	T169	C0205319
28521676	190	239	behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia	T048	C1868717
28521676	241	245	BPSD	T048	C1868717
28521676	278	286	research	T062	C0035168
28521676	295	305	care units	T073,T093	C0019988
28521676	319	324	study	T062	C2603343
28521676	325	333	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28521676	338	349	specialized	T077	C1704211
28521676	350	362	transitional	T058	C4019071
28521676	363	367	unit	T073,T093	C0019988
28521676	378	388	understand	T041	C0162340
28521676	393	408	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28521676	416	423	persons	T098	C0027361
28521676	429	437	dementia	T048	C0497327
28521676	442	461	behavioral symptoms	T184	C0004941
28521676	476	480	unit	T073,T093	C0019988
28521676	486	491	study	T062	C2603343
28521676	511	517	change	T169	C0392747
28521676	534	538	BPSD	T048	C1868717
28521676	551	575	psychotropic medications	T121	C0033978
28521676	584	592	function	T039	C0031843
28521676	600	608	patients	T101	C0030705
28521676	617	621	unit	T073,T093	C0019988
28521676	625	651	retrospective chart review	T062	C0035363
28521676	658	667	residents	T098	C2347958
28521676	673	690	transitional care	T058	C4019071
28521676	691	695	unit	T073,T093	C0019988
28521676	711	721	Background	T077	C1706907
28521676	726	733	outcome	T033	C0683954
28521676	734	745	information	T078	C1533716
28521676	751	760	collected	T169	C1516698
28521676	764	792	electronic data entry sheets	T170	C0282574
28521676	794	802	Patients	T101	C0030705
28521676	810	817	average	T081	C1510992
28521676	818	821	age	T032	C0001779
28521676	830	835	years	T079	C1510829
28521676	848	851	men	T098	C0025266
28521676	853	857	Mean	T081	C0444504
28521676	858	891	Cognitive Performance Scale score	T081	C0449820
28521676	901	910	Comparing	T052	C1707455
28521676	911	920	admission	T058	C0030673
28521676	924	933	discharge	T058	C0030685
28521676	947	958	significant	T078	C0750502
28521676	959	967	decrease	T081	C0547047
28521676	971	975	BPSD	T048	C1868717
28521676	983	994	significant	T078	C0750502
28521676	995	1003	increase	T169	C0442805
28521676	1007	1013	number	T081	C0237753
28521676	1017	1051	central nervous system medications	T121	C0007680
28521676	1064	1078	no significant	T033	C1273937
28521676	1079	1086	changes	T169	C0392747
28521676	1090	1099	cognition	T041	C0009240
28521676	1103	1148	ability to perform activities of daily living	T033	C0562507
28521676	1150	1173	Patient characteristics	T201	C0815172
28521676	1203	1217	long term care	T058	C0023977
28521676	1233	1239	unique	T080	C1710548
28521676	1240	1250	population	T098	C1257890
28521676	1268	1273	study	T062	C2603343
28521676	1286	1294	outcomes	T033	C0683954

28521737|t|Validation of the German version of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire
28521737|a|Health benefits of the Mediterranean Diet (MD) have been shown in different at-risk populations. A German translation of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) consortium was used in the LIBRE study, investigating effects of lifestyle - intervention on women with BRCA1 / 2 mutations. The purpose of the present study is to validate the MEDAS German version. LIBRE is a multicentre (three university hospitals during this pilot phase), unblinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Women with a BRCA1 / 2 mutation of age 18 or over who provided written consent were eligible for the trial. As part of the assessment, all were given a full-length Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and MEDAS at baseline and after 3 months. Data derived from FFQ was compared to MEDAS in order to evaluate agreement or concordance between the two questionnaires. Additionally, the association of dietary intake biomarkers in the blood (β-carotene, omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)) with some MEDAS items was analyzed using t-Tests and a multivariate regression. The participants of the LIBRE pilot study were 68 in total (33 Intervention, 35 Control). Only participants who completed both questionnaires were included in this analysis (baseline: 66, month three: 54). The concordance between these two questionnaires varied between the items (Intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.91 for pulses at the highest and -0.33 for sugar-sweetened drinks). Mean MEDAS scores (sum of all items) were 9% higher than their FFQ counter-parts at baseline and 15% after 3 months. Higher fish consumption (at least 3 portions) was associated with lower omega-6 fatty acid levels (p = 0.026) and higher omega-3 fatty acid levels (p = 0.037), both results being statistically significant. We conclude that the German MEDAS in its current version could be a useful tool in clinical trials and in practice to assess adherence to MD. ClinicalTrials.gov, registered on March 12, 2014, identifier: NCT02087592. World Health Organization Trial Registration, registered on 3 August 2015, identifier: NCT02087592.
28521737	0	10	Validation	T062	C1519941
28521737	18	24	German	T171	C0017477
28521737	25	32	version	T170	C0333052
28521737	40	77	Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener	T170	C0282574
28521737	79	84	MEDAS	T170	C0282574
28521737	86	99	questionnaire	T170	C0034394
28521737	100	115	Health benefits	T081	C0086387
28521737	123	141	Mediterranean Diet	T061	C1138412
28521737	143	145	MD	T061	C1138412
28521737	166	175	different	T080	C1705242
28521737	176	195	at-risk populations	T098	C0242444
28521737	199	205	German	T171	C0017477
28521737	206	217	translation	T170	C0040712
28521737	225	262	Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener	T170	C0282574
28521737	264	269	MEDAS	T170	C0282574
28521737	280	313	PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea	T170	C0282574
28521737	315	323	PREDIMED	T170	C0282574
28521737	325	335	consortium	T097	C1513822
28521737	352	363	LIBRE study	T062	C2603343
28521737	365	378	investigating	T169	C1292732
28521737	379	389	effects of	T080	C1704420
28521737	390	399	lifestyle	T054	C0023676
28521737	402	414	intervention	T058	C1273869
28521737	418	423	women	T098	C0043210
28521737	429	434	BRCA1	T049	C1511022
28521737	437	448	2 mutations	T049	C1511024
28521737	454	461	purpose	T169	C1285529
28521737	477	482	study	T062	C2603343
28521737	489	497	validate	T062	C1519941
28521737	502	507	MEDAS	T170	C0282574
28521737	508	514	German	T171	C0017477
28521737	515	522	version	T170	C0333052
28521737	524	529	LIBRE	T093	C1708333
28521737	535	546	multicentre	T093	C1708333
28521737	554	574	university hospitals	T073,T093	C0020028
28521737	593	598	phase	T079	C0205390
28521737	601	649	unblinded, randomized, controlled clinical trial	T062	C0206035
28521737	651	656	Women	T098	C0043210
28521737	664	669	BRCA1	T049	C1511022
28521737	672	682	2 mutation	T049	C1511024
28521737	705	713	provided	T052	C1999230
28521737	714	729	written consent	T058	C0811746
28521737	735	743	eligible	T080	C1548635
28521737	752	757	trial	T062	C0008976
28521737	774	784	assessment	T058	C0220825
28521737	803	843	full-length Food Frequency Questionnaire	T170	C2986698
28521737	845	848	FFQ	T170	C2986698
28521737	854	859	MEDAS	T170	C0282574
28521737	863	871	baseline	T081	C1442488
28521737	892	896	Data	T078	C1511726
28521737	897	904	derived	T080	C1441547
28521737	910	913	FFQ	T170	C2986698
28521737	918	926	compared	T052	C1707455
28521737	930	935	MEDAS	T170	C0282574
28521737	948	956	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28521737	957	966	agreement	T054	C0680240
28521737	970	981	concordance	T054	C0680240
28521737	998	1012	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28521737	1032	1043	association	T080	C0439849
28521737	1047	1061	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
28521737	1062	1072	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28521737	1080	1085	blood	T031	C0005767
28521737	1087	1097	β-carotene	T109,T121,T127	C0053396
28521737	1099	1106	omega-3	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28521737	1108	1115	omega-6	T109,T123	C0133860
28521737	1120	1139	omega-9 fatty acids	T121	C4056511
28521737	1144	1179	high-sensitivity C-reactive protein	T059	C0973334
28521737	1181	1186	hsCRP	T059	C0973334
28521737	1199	1204	MEDAS	T170	C0282574
28521737	1205	1210	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28521737	1215	1223	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28521737	1230	1237	t-Tests	T170	C0871472
28521737	1244	1256	multivariate	T062,T170	C0010101
28521737	1257	1267	regression	T081	C0023733
28521737	1273	1285	participants	T098	C0679646
28521737	1293	1310	LIBRE pilot study	T062	C0031928
28521737	1332	1344	Intervention	T058	C1273869
28521737	1349	1356	Control	T096	C0009932
28521737	1364	1376	participants	T098	C0679646
28521737	1381	1390	completed	T078	C1556116
28521737	1396	1410	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28521737	1416	1424	included	T169	C0332257
28521737	1433	1441	analysis	T062	C0936012
28521737	1443	1451	baseline	T081	C1442488
28521737	1479	1490	concordance	T054	C0680240
28521737	1509	1523	questionnaires	T170	C0034394
28521737	1543	1548	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28521737	1550	1584	Intraclass correlation coefficient	T081	C0392762
28521737	1611	1618	highest	T080	C1522410
28521737	1633	1655	sugar-sweetened drinks	T168	C0016452
28521737	1658	1675	Mean MEDAS scores	T033	C3533236
28521737	1688	1693	items	T062,T170	C0871509
28521737	1703	1709	higher	T080	C0205250
28521737	1721	1724	FFQ	T170	C2986698
28521737	1742	1750	baseline	T081	C1442488
28521737	1775	1781	Higher	T080	C0205250
28521737	1782	1798	fish consumption	T039	C1947907
28521737	1811	1819	portions	T081	C0560666
28521737	1825	1840	associated with	T080	C0332281
28521737	1841	1846	lower	T052	C2003888
28521737	1847	1865	omega-6 fatty acid	T109,T123	C0133860
28521737	1866	1872	levels	T080	C0441889
28521737	1889	1895	higher	T080	C0205250
28521737	1896	1914	omega-3 fatty acid	T109,T121,T123	C0015689
28521737	1915	1921	levels	T080	C0441889
28521737	1940	1947	results	T034	C0456984
28521737	1954	1979	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28521737	1984	1992	conclude	T078	C1707478
28521737	2002	2008	German	T171	C0017477
28521737	2009	2014	MEDAS	T170	C0282574
28521737	2022	2029	current	T079	C0521116
28521737	2030	2037	version	T170	C0333052
28521737	2049	2055	useful	T080	C3827682
28521737	2064	2079	clinical trials	T062	C0008976
28521737	2099	2105	assess	T058	C0184514
28521737	2106	2115	adherence	T169	C1510802
28521737	2119	2121	MD	T061	C1138412
28521737	2198	2223	World Health Organization	T093	C0043237

28522288|t|Grade Group Underestimation in Prostate Biopsy: Predictive Factors and Outcomes in Candidates for Active Surveillance
28522288|a|We intended to analyze the outcomes and predictive factors for underestimating the prostate cancer (PCa) grade group (GG) from prostate biopsies in a large monocentric cohort of patients treated by minimally invasive radical prostatectomy (RP). Using a monocentric prospectively maintained database, we included 3062 patients who underwent minimally invasive RP between 2006 and 2013. We explored clinicopathologic features and outcomes associated with a GG upgrade from biopsy to RP. Multivariate logistic regression was used to develop and validate a nomogram to predict upgrading for GG1. Biopsy GG was upgraded after RP in 51.5% of cases. Patients upgraded from GG1 to GG2 or GG3 after RP had a longer time to biochemical recurrence than those with GG2 or GG3 respectively, on both biopsy and RP, but a shorter time to biochemical recurrence than those who remained GG1 after RP (P < .0001). In multivariate analyses, variables predicting upgrading for GG1 PCa were age (P = .0014), abnormal digital rectal examination (P < .0001), prostate -specific antigen density (P < .0001), percentage of positive cores (P < .0001), and body mass index (P = .037). A nomogram was generated and validated internally. Biopsy grading system is misleading in approximately 50% of cases. Upgrading GG from biopsy to RP may have consequences on clinical outcomes. A nomogram using clinicopathologic features could aid the probability of needing to upgrade GG1 patients at their initial evaluation.
28522288	0	11	Grade Group	T185	C0008902
28522288	12	27	Underestimation	T033	C0243095
28522288	31	46	Prostate Biopsy	T060	C0194804
28522288	48	66	Predictive Factors	T170	C0683956
28522288	71	79	Outcomes	T033	C1518681
28522288	83	93	Candidates	T098	C1257890
28522288	98	117	Active Surveillance	T058	C1827061
28522288	145	153	outcomes	T033	C1518681
28522288	158	176	predictive factors	T170	C0683956
28522288	201	216	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28522288	218	221	PCa	T191	C0376358
28522288	223	234	grade group	T185	C0008902
28522288	236	238	GG	T185	C0008902
28522288	245	262	prostate biopsies	T060	C0194804
28522288	274	292	monocentric cohort	T098	C0599755
28522288	296	304	patients	T101	C0030705
28522288	305	312	treated	T169	C1522326
28522288	316	356	minimally invasive radical prostatectomy	T061	C0194810
28522288	358	360	RP	T061	C0194810
28522288	371	416	monocentric prospectively maintained database	T170	C0242356
28522288	435	443	patients	T101	C0030705
28522288	458	479	minimally invasive RP	T061	C0194810
28522288	546	554	outcomes	T033	C1518681
28522288	555	570	associated with	T080	C0332281
28522288	573	575	GG	T185	C0008902
28522288	589	595	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28522288	599	601	RP	T061	C0194810
28522288	603	635	Multivariate logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28522288	671	679	nomogram	T170	C1450294
28522288	705	708	GG1	T185	C0008902
28522288	710	716	Biopsy	T060	C0005558
28522288	717	719	GG	T185	C0008902
28522288	739	741	RP	T061	C0194810
28522288	761	769	Patients	T101	C0030705
28522288	784	787	GG1	T185	C0008902
28522288	791	794	GG2	T185	C0008902
28522288	798	801	GG3	T185	C0008902
28522288	808	810	RP	T061	C0194810
28522288	817	828	longer time	T079	C0040223
28522288	832	854	biochemical recurrence	T033	C2985506
28522288	871	874	GG2	T185	C0008902
28522288	878	881	GG3	T185	C0008902
28522288	904	910	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28522288	915	917	RP	T061	C0194810
28522288	925	937	shorter time	T079	C0040223
28522288	941	963	biochemical recurrence	T033	C2985506
28522288	988	991	GG1	T185	C0008902
28522288	1017	1038	multivariate analyses	T081	C0026777
28522288	1040	1049	variables	T081	C1705098
28522288	1075	1078	GG1	T185	C0008902
28522288	1079	1082	PCa	T191	C0376358
28522288	1088	1091	age	T032	C0001779
28522288	1105	1140	abnormal digital rectal examination	T060	C1384593
28522288	1154	1162	prostate	T023	C0033572
28522288	1154	1188	prostate -specific antigen density	T033	C0243095
28522288	1202	1230	percentage of positive cores	T033	C0243095
28522288	1248	1263	body mass index	T170	C4055400
28522288	1278	1286	nomogram	T170	C1450294
28522288	1327	1333	Biopsy	T060	C0005558
28522288	1334	1348	grading system	T058	C1273712
28522288	1404	1406	GG	T185	C0008902
28522288	1412	1418	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28522288	1422	1424	RP	T061	C0194810
28522288	1450	1467	clinical outcomes	T033	C1518681
28522288	1471	1479	nomogram	T170	C1450294
28522288	1527	1538	probability	T081	C0033204
28522288	1561	1564	GG1	T185	C0008902
28522288	1565	1573	patients	T101	C0030705
28522288	1591	1601	evaluation	T058	C0220825

28523090|t|Penetrating Craniomaxillofacial Injury Caused by a Pneumatic Nail Gun
28523090|a|Craniomaxillofacial injuries can be complex, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The primary survey is always the first step in trauma management prior to proceeding with further evaluation and treatment. A 26- year -old man presented with a penetrating nail gun injury through the oral and nasal cavities. He did not present in extremis but required elective endotracheal intubation for intraoperative assessment and treatment. Airway management was enhanced by the use of lingual nerve and inferior alveolar nerve blocks via the Vazirani-Akinosi technique to maintain spontaneous respiration while the tongue was distracted from the palate. The nail was removed and rapid sequence induction initiated for orotracheal intubation. Local nerve blocks can be an effective tool in the armamentarium of the craniomaxillofacial trauma surgeon in managing blunt and penetrating injuries. We demonstrate its utility in airway management when a penetrating foreign body in the upper airway precludes orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation.
28523090	0	11	Penetrating	T169	C0205321
28523090	12	38	Craniomaxillofacial Injury	T037	C0024961
28523090	12	69	Craniomaxillofacial Injury Caused by a Pneumatic Nail Gun	T037	C0418073
28523090	51	69	Pneumatic Nail Gun	T073	C3273359
28523090	268	277	treatment	T169	C1522326
28523090	316	327	penetrating	T169	C0205321
28523090	356	360	oral	T030	C0226896
28523090	365	379	nasal cavities	T030	C0027423
28523090	492	501	treatment	T169	C1522326
28523090	525	533	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28523090	548	561	lingual nerve	T061	C0394805
28523090	566	596	inferior alveolar nerve blocks	T061	C0394801
28523090	635	643	maintain	T052	C0024501
28523090	644	667	spontaneous respiration	T033	C0412771
28523090	678	684	tongue	T023	C0040408
28523090	689	699	distracted	T033	C0243095
28523090	709	715	palate	T023	C0700374
28523090	1043	1055	upper airway	T023	C0458827

28523174|t|Rupture of GORE-TEX neochordae 10 years after mitral valve repair
28523174|a|The current non - resectional paradigm in mitral valve (MV) repair emphasizes the use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for artificial chordal replacement. While excellent long-term durability of repair using PTFE neochordae has been established, there have been rare reports of neochordal rupture at various times after surgery. We report a case of artificial chordal rupture 10 years after anterior mitral leaflet repair, necessitating reoperation. This complication may have been precipitated by maldistributed intracardiac tensile forces as a consequence of a malpositioned annuloplasty band.
28523174	0	7	Rupture	T067	C1881712
28523174	11	30	GORE-TEX neochordae	T109,T122	C0018088
28523174	46	65	mitral valve repair	T061	C0869755
28523174	70	77	current	T079	C0521116
28523174	78	81	non	T169	C1518422
28523174	84	95	resectional	T061	C0015252
28523174	96	104	paradigm	T062	C0681797
28523174	108	132	mitral valve (MV) repair	T061	C0869755
28523174	148	154	use of	T169	C1524063
28523174	155	178	polytetrafluoroethylene	T109,T122	C0032611
28523174	180	184	PTFE	T109,T122	C0032611
28523174	190	220	artificial chordal replacement	T061	C0026268
28523174	228	237	excellent	T080	C1961136
28523174	238	247	long-term	T079	C0443252
28523174	248	258	durability	T067	C3179278
28523174	262	268	repair	T061	C0869755
28523174	275	290	PTFE neochordae	T109,T122	C0032611
28523174	329	333	rare	T080	C0522498
28523174	334	341	reports	T058	C0178896
28523174	345	363	neochordal rupture	T047	C0340366
28523174	367	374	various	T080	C1705242
28523174	375	380	times	T079	C1948053
28523174	387	394	surgery	T091	C0038894
28523174	408	412	case	T169	C0868928
28523174	416	426	artificial	T080	C2004457
28523174	427	442	chordal rupture	T047	C0340366
28523174	452	457	after	T079	C0687676
28523174	458	466	anterior	T082	C0205094
28523174	467	488	mitral leaflet repair	T061	C2066462
28523174	504	515	reoperation	T061	C0035110
28523174	522	534	complication	T046	C0009566
28523174	549	564	precipitated by	T080	C1444748
28523174	565	579	maldistributed	T080	C0332619
28523174	580	592	intracardiac	T023	C0729936
28523174	593	607	tensile forces	T081	C0039526
28523174	613	627	consequence of	T169	C0686907
28523174	630	643	malpositioned	T082	C0333042
28523174	644	661	annuloplasty band	T074	C2363436

28523425|t|Characterization of electrocorticogram high - gamma signal in response to varying upper extremity movement velocity
28523425|a|The mechanism by which the human primary motor cortex (M1) encodes upper extremity movement kinematics is not fully understood. For example, human electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals have been shown to modulate with upper extremity movement s; however, this relationship has not been explicitly characterized. To address this issue, we recorded high - density ECoG signals from patients undergoing epilepsy surgery evaluation as they performed elementary upper extremity movements while systematically varying movement speed and duration. Specifically, subjects performed intermittent pincer grasp / release, elbow flexion / extension, and shoulder flexion / extension at slow, moderate, and fast speeds. In all movements, bursts of power in the high -[Formula: see text] band (80-160 Hz) were observed in M1. In addition, the amplitude of these power bursts and the area of M1 with elevated high -[Formula: see text] activity were directly proportional to the movement speed. Likewise, the duration of elevated high -[Formula: see text] activity increased with movement duration. Based on linear regression, M1 high -[Formula: see text] power amplitude and duration covaried with movement speed and duration, respectively, with an average [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. These findings indicate that the encoding of upper extremity movement speed by M1 high -[Formula: see text] activity is primarily linear. Also, the fact that this activity remained elevated throughout a movement suggests that M1 does not merely generate transient instructions for a specific movement duration, but instead is responsible for the entirety of the movement. Finally, the spatial distribution of high -[Formula: see text] activity suggests the presence of a recruitment phenomenon in which higher speeds or increased muscle activity involve activation of larger M1 area s.
28523425	0	16	Characterization	T052	C1880022
28523425	20	38	electrocorticogram	T060	C0430797
28523425	39	43	high	T080	C0205250
28523425	46	51	gamma	T070	C0017011
28523425	52	58	signal	T067	C1710082
28523425	62	70	response	T032	C0871261
28523425	74	81	varying	T080	C1705242
28523425	82	97	upper extremity	T023	C1140618
28523425	98	106	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	107	115	velocity	T081	C0439830
28523425	120	129	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28523425	143	148	human	T016	C0086418
28523425	149	169	primary motor cortex	T029	C3495441
28523425	171	173	M1	T029	C3495441
28523425	175	182	encodes	T052	C2700640
28523425	183	198	upper extremity	T023	C1140618
28523425	199	207	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	208	218	kinematics	T091	C0600169
28523425	257	262	human	T016	C0086418
28523425	263	281	electrocorticogram	T060	C0430797
28523425	283	287	ECoG	T060	C0430797
28523425	289	296	signals	T067	C1710082
28523425	316	324	modulate	T082	C0443264
28523425	330	345	upper extremity	T023	C1140618
28523425	346	354	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	372	384	relationship	T080	C0439849
28523425	398	408	explicitly	T080	C2963144
28523425	409	422	characterized	T052	C1880022
28523425	440	445	issue	T033	C0033213
28523425	450	458	recorded	T081	C3853788
28523425	459	463	high	T080	C0205250
28523425	466	473	density	T081	C0178587
28523425	474	478	ECoG	T060	C0430797
28523425	479	486	signals	T067	C1710082
28523425	492	500	patients	T101	C0030705
28523425	512	520	epilepsy	T047	C0014544
28523425	521	528	surgery	T061	C0543467
28523425	529	539	evaluation	T058	C0220825
28523425	548	557	performed	T169	C0884358
28523425	558	568	elementary	T167	C0013878
28523425	569	584	upper extremity	T023	C1140618
28523425	585	594	movements	T040	C0026649
28523425	601	615	systematically	T169	C0220922
28523425	616	623	varying	T080	C1705242
28523425	624	632	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	633	638	speed	T081	C0678536
28523425	643	651	duration	T079	C0449238
28523425	653	665	Specifically	T080	C0205369
28523425	667	675	subjects	T096	C0681850
28523425	676	685	performed	T169	C0884358
28523425	686	698	intermittent	T079	C0205267
28523425	699	711	pincer grasp	T033	C0429273
28523425	714	721	release	T169	C0391871
28523425	723	736	elbow flexion	T033	C2215879
28523425	739	748	extension	T169	C0231448
28523425	754	770	shoulder flexion	T033	C0575546
28523425	773	782	extension	T169	C0231448
28523425	786	790	slow	T080	C0439834
28523425	792	800	moderate	T080	C0205081
28523425	806	810	fast	T080	C0456962
28523425	811	817	speeds	T081	C0678536
28523425	826	835	movements	T040	C0026649
28523425	837	843	bursts	T081	C4296482
28523425	847	852	power	T081	C3854080
28523425	860	864	high	T080	C0205250
28523425	908	916	observed	T169	C1441672
28523425	920	922	M1	T029	C3495441
28523425	927	935	addition	T169	C0332287
28523425	941	950	amplitude	T082	C2346753
28523425	960	965	power	T081	C3854080
28523425	966	972	bursts	T081	C4296482
28523425	981	985	area	T082	C0205146
28523425	989	991	M1	T029	C3495441
28523425	997	1005	elevated	T080	C3163633
28523425	1006	1010	high	T080	C0205250
28523425	1032	1040	activity	T052	C0441655
28523425	1046	1054	directly	T080	C1947931
28523425	1055	1067	proportional	T080	C0205351
28523425	1075	1083	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	1084	1089	speed	T081	C0678536
28523425	1105	1113	duration	T079	C0449238
28523425	1117	1125	elevated	T080	C3163633
28523425	1126	1130	high	T080	C0205250
28523425	1152	1160	activity	T052	C0441655
28523425	1161	1170	increased	T081	C0205217
28523425	1176	1184	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	1185	1193	duration	T079	C0449238
28523425	1195	1200	Based	T169	C1527178
28523425	1204	1221	linear regression	T081	C0023733
28523425	1223	1225	M1	T029	C3495441
28523425	1226	1230	high	T080	C0205250
28523425	1252	1257	power	T081	C3854080
28523425	1258	1267	amplitude	T082	C2346753
28523425	1272	1280	duration	T079	C0449238
28523425	1281	1289	covaried	T080	C0205419
28523425	1295	1303	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	1304	1309	speed	T081	C0678536
28523425	1314	1322	duration	T079	C0449238
28523425	1346	1353	average	T081	C1510992
28523425	1428	1436	findings	T033	C0243095
28523425	1437	1445	indicate	T078	C3146298
28523425	1455	1463	encoding	T052	C2700640
28523425	1467	1482	upper extremity	T023	C1140618
28523425	1483	1491	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	1492	1497	speed	T081	C0678536
28523425	1501	1503	M1	T029	C3495441
28523425	1504	1508	high	T080	C0205250
28523425	1530	1538	activity	T052	C0441655
28523425	1542	1551	primarily	T080	C0205225
28523425	1552	1558	linear	T082	C0205132
28523425	1585	1593	activity	T052	C0441655
28523425	1603	1611	elevated	T080	C3163633
28523425	1625	1633	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	1648	1650	M1	T029	C3495441
28523425	1676	1685	transient	T079	C0205374
28523425	1686	1698	instructions	T170	C1442085
28523425	1705	1713	specific	T080	C0205369
28523425	1714	1722	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	1723	1731	duration	T079	C0449238
28523425	1768	1776	entirety	T081	C0444667
28523425	1784	1792	movement	T040	C0026649
28523425	1807	1827	spatial distribution	T082	C0037775
28523425	1831	1835	high	T080	C0205250
28523425	1857	1865	activity	T052	C0441655
28523425	1879	1887	presence	T033	C0150312
28523425	1893	1904	recruitment	T052	C2949735
28523425	1905	1915	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28523425	1925	1931	higher	T080	C0205250
28523425	1932	1938	speeds	T081	C0678536
28523425	1942	1951	increased	T081	C0205217
28523425	1952	1958	muscle	T024	C0026845
28523425	1959	1967	activity	T052	C0441655
28523425	1976	1986	activation	T052	C1879547
28523425	1997	1999	M1	T029	C3495441
28523425	2000	2004	area	T082	C0205146

28523479|t|Fatty Acids Have Different Adipogenic Differentiation Potentials in Stromal Vascular Cells Isolated from Abdominal Fat in Laying Hens
28523479|a|This study was conducted to examine the effects of fatty acids (FA) with/without chicken serum (CS) on the expression of adipogenic transcripts and adipogenesis in chicken stromal vascular cells (SVC). In experiment 1, SVC were grown in DMEM containing 10% FBS (Control) and treated with 300 µM oleic acid (OLA) + FBS, linoleic acid (LNA) + FBS, palmitic acid (PAM) + FBS, or stearic acid (STA) + FBS for 48 h. In experiment 2, cells were grown in DMEM containing 5% CS and treated with 300 µM OLA (CS + OLA), PAM (CS + PAM), STA (CS + STA) or 200 µM LNA (CS + LNA) for 48 h. Adipogenesis was determined using Oil Red O staining and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity. The proportion of OLA, PAM, or STA was increased (P < 0.05) in SVC grown in either FBS or CS with OLA, PAM or STA. Adipogenesis was induced in FBS + OLA, FBS + LNA, FBS + PAM, FBS + STA, CS + OLA, CS + LNA, CS + PAM, or CS + STA compared to FBS. GPDH activity was significantly higher in FBS + OLA and FBS + LNA than one in FBS. Compared to FBS, the expression of FABP4 mRNA increased (P < 0.05) in FBS + OLA, FBS + LNA, or FBS + PAM, whereas that of C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and ATGL increased (P < 0.05) in FBS + OLA or FBS + LNA cells. Expression of FABP4 and C/EBPβ mRNA was higher in CS, CS + OLA, CS + LNA, CS + PAM, or CS + STA compared with (FBS, whereas the expression of ATGL and C/EBPα was higher in CS, CS + OLA, or CS + LNA than FBS cells. In conclusion, these results showed that FA have different potentials to induce adipogenesis, LNA is the most potent among the tested FA, and these potentials can be improved in the presence of CS.
28523479	0	11	Fatty Acids	T109	C0015684
28523479	17	26	Different	T080	C1705242
28523479	27	53	Adipogenic Differentiation	T044	C0596843
28523479	54	64	Potentials	T080	C3245505
28523479	68	90	Stromal Vascular Cells	T025	C0162597
28523479	91	99	Isolated	T169	C0205409
28523479	105	118	Abdominal Fat	T024	C1563742
28523479	122	128	Laying	T040	C1622979
28523479	129	133	Hens	T012	C0008051
28523479	139	144	study	T062	C2603343
28523479	174	184	effects of	T080	C1704420
28523479	185	196	fatty acids	T109	C0015684
28523479	198	200	FA	T109	C0015684
28523479	215	228	chicken serum	T129	C1440440
28523479	230	232	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	241	251	expression	T045	C0017262
28523479	255	265	adipogenic	T044	C0596843
28523479	266	277	transcripts	T114	C1519595
28523479	282	294	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
28523479	298	305	chicken	T012	C0008051
28523479	306	328	stromal vascular cells	T025	C0162597
28523479	330	333	SVC	T025	C0162597
28523479	353	356	SVC	T025	C0162597
28523479	371	375	DMEM	T121	C1665363
28523479	391	394	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	396	403	Control	T096	C0009932
28523479	409	416	treated	T169	C1522326
28523479	429	439	oleic acid	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	441	444	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	448	451	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	453	466	linoleic acid	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	468	471	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	475	478	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	480	493	palmitic acid	T109,T123	C0030234
28523479	495	498	PAM	T109,T123	C0030234
28523479	502	505	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	510	522	stearic acid	T109,T121	C0038229
28523479	524	527	STA	T109,T121	C0038229
28523479	531	534	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	562	567	cells	T025	C0007634
28523479	582	586	DMEM	T121	C1665363
28523479	601	603	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	608	615	treated	T169	C1522326
28523479	628	631	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	633	635	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	638	641	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	644	647	PAM	T109,T123	C0030234
28523479	649	651	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	654	657	PAM	T109,T123	C0030234
28523479	660	663	STA	T109,T121	C0038229
28523479	665	667	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	670	673	STA	T109,T121	C0038229
28523479	685	688	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	690	692	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	695	698	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	710	722	Adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
28523479	744	762	Oil Red O staining	T059	C1294000
28523479	767	817	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity	T044	C1151278
28523479	837	840	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	842	845	PAM	T109,T123	C0030234
28523479	850	853	STA	T109,T121	C0038229
28523479	858	867	increased	T081	C0205217
28523479	882	885	SVC	T025	C0162597
28523479	902	905	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	909	911	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	917	920	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	922	925	PAM	T109,T123	C0030234
28523479	929	932	STA	T109,T121	C0038229
28523479	934	946	Adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
28523479	951	958	induced	T169	C0205263
28523479	962	965	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	968	971	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	973	976	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	979	982	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	984	987	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	990	993	PAM	T109,T123	C0030234
28523479	995	998	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1001	1004	STA	T109,T121	C0038229
28523479	1006	1008	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1011	1014	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	1016	1018	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1021	1024	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	1026	1028	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1031	1034	PAM	T109,T123	C0030234
28523479	1039	1041	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1044	1047	STA	T109,T121	C0038229
28523479	1060	1063	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1065	1078	GPDH activity	T044	C1151278
28523479	1083	1103	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28523479	1107	1110	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1113	1116	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	1121	1124	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1127	1130	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	1143	1146	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1160	1163	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1169	1179	expression	T045	C0017262
28523479	1183	1188	FABP4	T028	C1333527
28523479	1189	1193	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28523479	1194	1203	increased	T081	C0205217
28523479	1218	1221	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1224	1227	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	1229	1232	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1235	1238	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	1243	1246	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1249	1252	PAM	T109,T123	C0030234
28523479	1270	1276	C/EBPα	T028	C1413322
28523479	1278	1284	C/EBPβ	T028	C1413323
28523479	1290	1294	ATGL	T028	C1538686
28523479	1295	1304	increased	T081	C0205217
28523479	1319	1322	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1325	1328	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	1332	1335	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1338	1341	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	1342	1347	cells	T025	C0007634
28523479	1349	1359	Expression	T045	C0017262
28523479	1363	1368	FABP4	T028	C1333527
28523479	1373	1379	C/EBPβ	T028	C1413323
28523479	1380	1384	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28523479	1389	1395	higher	T080	C0205250
28523479	1399	1401	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1403	1405	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1408	1411	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	1413	1415	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1418	1421	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	1423	1425	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1428	1431	PAM	T109,T123	C0030234
28523479	1436	1438	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1441	1444	STA	T109,T121	C0038229
28523479	1445	1453	compared	T052	C1707455
28523479	1460	1463	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1477	1487	expression	T045	C0017262
28523479	1491	1495	ATGL	T028	C1538686
28523479	1500	1506	C/EBPα	T028	C1413322
28523479	1511	1517	higher	T080	C0205250
28523479	1521	1523	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1525	1527	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1530	1533	OLA	T109,T121	C0028928
28523479	1538	1540	CS	T129	C1440440
28523479	1543	1546	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	1552	1555	FBS	T130	C3812213
28523479	1556	1561	cells	T025	C0007634
28523479	1584	1591	results	T033	C2825142
28523479	1604	1606	FA	T109	C0015684
28523479	1612	1621	different	T080	C1705242
28523479	1622	1632	potentials	T080	C3245505
28523479	1636	1642	induce	T169	C0205263
28523479	1643	1655	adipogenesis	T044	C0596843
28523479	1657	1660	LNA	T109,T121,T123	C0023749
28523479	1673	1679	potent	T080	C3245505
28523479	1697	1699	FA	T109	C0015684
28523479	1711	1721	potentials	T080	C3245505
28523479	1745	1753	presence	T033	C0150312
28523479	1757	1759	CS	T129	C1440440

28523528|t|Comparison of visual outcomes and reading performance after bilateral implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses with bilateral monofocal intraocular lenses
28523528|a|To compare the visual acuity outcomes, contrast sensitivity function (CS) and reading ability in patients with bilateral multifocal intraocular lenses and patients with bilateral monofocal lenses. Vizyon Eye Center, Denizli, Turkey. Comparative case series. Consecutive bilateral cataract patients having implantation of Acriva Reviol MFM 611 multifocal IOLs (Group A) or Acriva BB UD 613 monofocal IOLs (Group B) were included. Parameters analyzed 6 months postoperatively included monocular uncorrected distance (UDVA), binocular uncorrected intermediate (UIVA), binocular uncorrected near (UNVA), CS and bilateral reading performance using MN Read. The study evaluated 42 eyes in Group A and 40 eyes in Group B. There were no statistically significant differences in UDVA between two groups postoperatively (p = .39). Binocular UIVA and binocular UNVA are better in Group A (p = .00, p = .00). Under photopic and scotopic conditions, contrast sensitivity results were decreased in Group A, especially at high spatial frequencies. No statistically difference were found in reading acuity, critical print size and maximum reading speed between two groups (p = .57, p = .62, p = .22). This study concludes that multifocal lenses are reliable and efficient replacements for reading glasses since they significantly improve the vision for near or intermediate distance activities.
28523528	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28523528	14	20	visual	T169	C0234621
28523528	21	29	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28523528	34	41	reading	T056	C0034754
28523528	42	53	performance	T055	C0597198
28523528	60	69	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28523528	70	82	implantation	T061	C0021107
28523528	86	115	multifocal intraocular lenses	T074	C0493722
28523528	121	159	bilateral monofocal intraocular lenses	T061	C2732418
28523528	175	188	visual acuity	T201	C0042812
28523528	189	197	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28523528	199	219	contrast sensitivity	T041	C3825267
28523528	230	232	CS	T041	C3825267
28523528	238	253	reading ability	T041	C0586739
28523528	257	265	patients	T101	C0030705
28523528	271	310	bilateral multifocal intraocular lenses	T074	C0025080
28523528	315	323	patients	T101	C0030705
28523528	329	355	bilateral monofocal lenses	T074	C0025080
28523528	357	374	Vizyon Eye Center	T093	C1708333
28523528	376	383	Denizli	T083	C0017446
28523528	385	391	Turkey	T083	C0041400
28523528	393	404	Comparative	T052	C1707455
28523528	405	416	case series	T062	C0150093
28523528	418	429	Consecutive	T080	C1707491
28523528	430	448	bilateral cataract	T033	C4230663
28523528	449	457	patients	T101	C0030705
28523528	465	477	implantation	T061	C0021107
28523528	481	518	Acriva Reviol MFM 611 multifocal IOLs	T074	C0493722
28523528	520	525	Group	T078	C0441833
28523528	532	563	Acriva BB UD 613 monofocal IOLs	T074	C0023319
28523528	565	570	Group	T078	C0441833
28523528	589	599	Parameters	T033	C0449381
28523528	600	608	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28523528	611	617	months	T079	C0439231
28523528	618	633	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28523528	643	673	monocular uncorrected distance	T080	C0205556
28523528	675	679	UDVA	T080	C0205556
28523528	682	716	binocular uncorrected intermediate	T080	C0205556
28523528	718	722	UIVA	T080	C0205556
28523528	725	751	binocular uncorrected near	T080	C0205556
28523528	753	757	UNVA	T080	C0205556
28523528	760	762	CS	T041	C3825267
28523528	767	796	bilateral reading performance	T080	C0205556
28523528	803	810	MN Read	T060	C0430022
28523528	816	821	study	T062	C2603343
28523528	822	831	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28523528	835	839	eyes	T023	C0015392
28523528	843	848	Group	T078	C0441833
28523528	858	862	eyes	T023	C0015392
28523528	866	871	Group	T078	C0441833
28523528	889	914	statistically significant	T081	C0237881
28523528	915	926	differences	T080	C1705242
28523528	930	934	UDVA	T080	C0205556
28523528	954	969	postoperatively	T079	C0032790
28523528	981	990	Binocular	T041	C0042794
28523528	991	995	UIVA	T080	C0205556
28523528	1000	1009	binocular	T041	C0042794
28523528	1010	1014	UNVA	T080	C0205556
28523528	1029	1034	Group	T078	C0441833
28523528	1063	1071	photopic	T040	C0086032
28523528	1076	1095	scotopic conditions	T042	C2350309
28523528	1097	1117	contrast sensitivity	T041	C3825267
28523528	1118	1125	results	T169	C1274040
28523528	1131	1140	decreased	T081	C0205216
28523528	1144	1149	Group	T078	C0441833
28523528	1172	1191	spatial frequencies	T081	C0871396
28523528	1235	1249	reading acuity	T201	C0042812
28523528	1283	1296	reading speed	T081	C0871221
28523528	1309	1315	groups	T078	C0441833
28523528	1350	1355	study	T062	C2603343
28523528	1371	1381	multifocal	T082	C0205292
28523528	1382	1388	lenses	T074	C0023318
28523528	1416	1428	replacements	T169	C0559956
28523528	1433	1448	reading glasses	T058	C0514593
28523528	1460	1473	significantly	T078	C0750502
28523528	1474	1481	improve	T033	C0184511
28523528	1486	1492	vision	T040	C0042789
28523528	1497	1501	near	T080	C1706276
28523528	1505	1526	intermediate distance	T033	C0429593
28523528	1527	1537	activities	T052	C0441655

28523722|t|Design of a candidate vibrational signal for mating disruption against the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis
28523722|a|The glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis, is an important pest of grapevines due to its ability to transmit Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease. GWSS mating communication is based on vibrational signals; therefore, vibrational mating disruption could be an alternative to insecticides for suppression of GWSS population. Our objectives were to identify spectral features of female signal that elicit male signaling, design disruptive signals able to alter male perception and acceptance of a female, and determine the signal intensity required for future field applications. Results showed that male responses to playback of modified female signals were significantly reduced by 60-75%when part of the female signal spectral components above or below 400 Hz were deleted. Playback bioassays showed that transmission of an 80 Hz pure frequency tone to plants completely suppressed male signaling to female signal playback, even if the disruptive signal amplitude was 10 dB lower than the female signal playback. Although the mechanism underlying cessation of male signaling activity in the presence of disruption is not yet understood, results suggest that an 80 Hz vibrational signal should be tested in laboratory and field experiments to assess its efficacy in disrupting mating of GWSS.
28523722	22	40	vibrational signal	T067	C1710082
28523722	45	51	mating	T040	C1260875
28523722	52	62	disruption	T169	C0332453
28523722	75	101	glassy-winged sharpshooter	T204	C0600235
28523722	103	126	Homalodisca vitripennis	T204	C1218186
28523722	131	157	glassy-winged sharpshooter	T204	C0600235
28523722	159	163	GWSS	T204	C0600235
28523722	166	189	Homalodisca vitripennis	T204	C1218186
28523722	207	211	pest	T204	C0021585
28523722	215	225	grapevines	T002	C0682492
28523722	248	256	transmit	T169	C0332289
28523722	257	275	Xylella fastidiosa	T007	C0995982
28523722	281	293	causal agent	T001	C0314732
28523722	297	313	Pierce's disease	T047	C0032080
28523722	315	319	GWSS	T204	C0600235
28523722	320	326	mating	T040	C1260875
28523722	327	340	communication	T054	C0003046
28523722	353	372	vibrational signals	T067	C1710082
28523722	385	396	vibrational	T080	C0205556
28523722	397	403	mating	T040	C1260875
28523722	404	414	disruption	T169	C0332453
28523722	427	438	alternative	T077	C1523987
28523722	442	454	insecticides	T131	C0021576
28523722	459	470	suppression	UnknownType	C0678671
28523722	474	478	GWSS	T204	C0600235
28523722	479	489	population	T098	C1257890
28523722	495	505	objectives	T170	C0018017
28523722	523	531	spectral	T081	C1883073
28523722	532	540	features	T080	C2348519
28523722	544	550	female	T032	C0086287
28523722	551	557	signal	T067	C1710082
28523722	570	574	male	T032	C0086582
28523722	575	584	signaling	T040	C3158821
28523722	593	603	disruptive	T080	C0332454
28523722	604	611	signals	T067	C1710082
28523722	620	625	alter	T169	C0392747
28523722	626	630	male	T032	C0086582
28523722	631	641	perception	T041	C0030971
28523722	646	656	acceptance	T055	C0000899
28523722	662	668	female	T032	C0086287
28523722	688	704	signal intensity	T081	C0871362
28523722	745	752	Results	T033	C0683954
28523722	765	769	male	T032	C0086582
28523722	770	779	responses	T032	C0871261
28523722	783	791	playback	T052	C0441655
28523722	795	803	modified	T169	C0392747
28523722	804	810	female	T032	C0086287
28523722	811	818	signals	T067	C1710082
28523722	824	837	significantly	T078	C0750502
28523722	838	845	reduced	T080	C0392756
28523722	872	878	female	T032	C0086287
28523722	879	905	signal spectral components	T077	C1705248
28523722	942	950	Playback	T052	C0441655
28523722	951	960	bioassays	T059	C0005507
28523722	973	985	transmission	T070	C1521797
28523722	1003	1017	frequency tone	T079	C0237917
28523722	1021	1027	plants	T002	C0032098
28523722	1039	1049	suppressed	T169	C1260953
28523722	1050	1054	male	T032	C0086582
28523722	1055	1064	signaling	T040	C3158821
28523722	1068	1074	female	T032	C0086287
28523722	1075	1090	signal playback	T052	C0441655
28523722	1104	1114	disruptive	T080	C0332454
28523722	1115	1131	signal amplitude	T082	C3828024
28523722	1157	1163	female	T032	C0086287
28523722	1164	1179	signal playback	T052	C0441655
28523722	1194	1203	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28523722	1215	1224	cessation	T052	C1880019
28523722	1228	1232	male	T032	C0086582
28523722	1233	1242	signaling	T040	C3158821
28523722	1259	1267	presence	T033	C0150312
28523722	1271	1281	disruption	T169	C0332453
28523722	1305	1312	results	T033	C0683954
28523722	1335	1353	vibrational signal	T067	C1710082
28523722	1374	1384	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28523722	1389	1406	field experiments	T062	C0868962
28523722	1410	1416	assess	T052	C1516048
28523722	1421	1429	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28523722	1444	1450	mating	T040	C1260875
28523722	1454	1458	GWSS	T204	C0600235

28523846|t|A novel rapid analysis using mass spectrometry to evaluate downstream refolding of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (mecasermin)
28523846|a|Mecasermin is used to treat elevated blood sugar as well as growth hormone - resistant Laron-type dwarfism. Mecasermin isolated from inclusion bodies in extracts of E.coli must be refolded to acquire sufficient activity. However, there is no rapid analytical method for monitoring refolding during the purification process. We prepared mecasermin drug product, in-process samples during the oxidation of mecasermin, forced-reduced mecasermin, and aerially oxidized mecasermin after forced reduction. Desalted mecasermin samples were analyzed using MALDI-ISD. The peak intensity ratio of product to precursor ion was determined. The charge state distribution (CSD) of mecasermin ions was evaluated using ESI-MS coupled with SEC-mode HPLC. The drift time and collision cross-sectional areas (CCS) of mecasermin ions were evaluated using ESI-IMS-MS coupled with SEC-mode HPLC. MALDI-ISD data, CSD values determined using ESI-MS, and the CCS acquired using ESI-IMS-MS revealed the relationship between the folded and unfolded proteoforms of forced-reduced mecasermin and aerially oxidized mecasermin with the free-SH: protein ratio of mecasermin drug product. The collision cross-sectional area, which is determined using ESI-IMS-MS, provided proteoform information through rapid monitoring (<2 min) of in-process samples during the manufacture of mecasermin. ESI-IMS-MS coupled with SEC-mode HPLC is a rapid and robust method for analyzing the free-SH: protein ratio of mecasermin that allows evaluating and monitoring proteoform changes during the oxidation of mecasermin. ESI-IMS-MS is applicable as a process analytical technology tool for identifying the " critical quality attributes " and implementing " quality by design " for manufacturing mecasermin.
28523846	2	7	novel	T080	C0205314
28523846	8	13	rapid	T080	C0456962
28523846	14	22	analysis	T062	C0936012
28523846	29	46	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28523846	59	69	downstream	T082	C0522506
28523846	70	79	refolding	T044	C0162847
28523846	83	129	recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	131	141	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	143	153	Mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	171	191	elevated blood sugar	T047	C0020456
28523846	203	217	growth hormone	T116,T121,T125	C0037663
28523846	220	229	resistant	T169	C0332325
28523846	230	249	Laron-type dwarfism	T047	C0271568
28523846	251	261	Mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	276	292	inclusion bodies	T026	C0007637
28523846	308	314	E.coli	T007	C0014834
28523846	385	390	rapid	T080	C0456962
28523846	391	408	analytical method	T170	C0178476
28523846	424	433	refolding	T044	C0162847
28523846	445	457	purification	T059	C0597301
28523846	479	489	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	490	502	drug product	T121	C0013227
28523846	515	522	samples	T167	C0370003
28523846	534	543	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28523846	547	557	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	574	584	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	608	618	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	632	641	reduction	T070	C0301630
28523846	652	662	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	663	670	samples	T167	C0370003
28523846	691	700	MALDI-ISD	T059	C0282597
28523846	706	726	peak intensity ratio	T081	C0392762
28523846	775	800	charge state distribution	T080	C0205556
28523846	802	805	CSD	T080	C0205556
28523846	810	820	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	846	852	ESI-MS	T059	C0596495
28523846	875	879	HPLC	T059	C0008562
28523846	885	895	drift time	T081	C0392762
28523846	900	931	collision cross-sectional areas	T081	C0392762
28523846	933	936	CCS	T081	C0392762
28523846	941	951	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	978	988	ESI-IMS-MS	T059	C0022885
28523846	989	996	coupled	T169	C1948027
28523846	1011	1015	HPLC	T059	C0008562
28523846	1017	1026	MALDI-ISD	T059	C0282597
28523846	1033	1043	CSD values	T081	C0392762
28523846	1061	1067	ESI-MS	T059	C0596495
28523846	1077	1080	CCS	T081	C0392762
28523846	1096	1106	ESI-IMS-MS	T059	C0022885
28523846	1120	1132	relationship	T080	C0439849
28523846	1145	1151	folded	T082	C0332462
28523846	1156	1164	unfolded	T082	C1254362
28523846	1165	1176	proteoforms	T116	C1510464
28523846	1195	1205	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	1228	1238	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	1248	1270	free-SH: protein ratio	T081	C0392762
28523846	1274	1284	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	1285	1297	drug product	T121	C0013227
28523846	1303	1333	collision cross-sectional area	T081	C0392762
28523846	1361	1371	ESI-IMS-MS	T059	C0022885
28523846	1382	1392	proteoform	T116	C1510464
28523846	1413	1418	rapid	T080	C0456962
28523846	1453	1460	samples	T167	C0370003
28523846	1487	1497	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	1499	1509	ESI-IMS-MS	T059	C0022885
28523846	1532	1536	HPLC	T059	C0008562
28523846	1542	1547	rapid	T080	C0456962
28523846	1552	1558	robust	T080	C2986815
28523846	1584	1606	free-SH: protein ratio	T081	C0392762
28523846	1610	1620	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	1659	1669	proteoform	T116	C1510464
28523846	1689	1698	oxidation	T044	C0030011
28523846	1702	1712	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505
28523846	1714	1724	ESI-IMS-MS	T059	C0022885
28523846	1801	1809	critical	T080	C1511545
28523846	1810	1817	quality	T080	C0332306
28523846	1818	1828	attributes	T080	C1882133
28523846	1850	1857	quality	T080	C0332306
28523846	1861	1867	design	T052	C1707689
28523846	1888	1898	mecasermin	T116,T121,T123	C0904505

28524099|t|Metabolomics of Therapy Response in Preclinical Glioblastoma: A Multi-Slice MRSI -Based Volumetric Analysis for Noninvasive Assessmen t of Temozolomide Treatment
28524099|a|Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with a short survival time even after aggressive therapy. Non-invasive surrogate biomarkers of therapy response may be relevant for improving patient survival. Previous work produced such biomarkers in preclinical GBM using semi-supervised source extraction and single-slice Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI). Nevertheless, GBMs are heterogeneous and single-slice studies could prevent obtaining relevant information. The purpose of this work was to evaluate whether a multi-slice MRSI approach, acquiring consecutive grids across the tumor, is feasible for preclinical models and may produce additional insight into therapy response. Nosological images were analyzed pixel-by-pixel and a relative responding volume, the Tumor Responding Index (TRI), was defined to quantify response. Heterogeneous response levels were observed and treated animals were ascribed to three arbitrary predefined groups: high response (HR, n = 2), TRI = 68.2 ± 2.8%, intermediate response (IR, n = 6), TRI = 41.1 ± 4.2% and low response (LR, n = 2), TRI = 13.4 ± 14.3%, producing therapy response categorization which had not been fully registered in single-slice studies. Results agreed with the multi-slice approach being feasible and producing an inverse correlation between TRI and Ki67 immunostaining. Additionally, ca. 7-day oscillations of TRI were observed, suggesting that host immune system activation in response to treatment could contribute to the responding patterns detected.
28524099	0	12	Metabolomics	T091	C1328813
28524099	16	23	Therapy	T061	C0087111
28524099	24	32	Response	T032	C0871261
28524099	36	47	Preclinical	T080	C1709630
28524099	48	60	Glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28524099	64	80	Multi-Slice MRSI	T060	C1522706
28524099	88	107	Volumetric Analysis	T059	C3825502
28524099	112	133	Noninvasive Assessmen	T060	C0259832
28524099	139	151	Temozolomide	T109,T121	C0076080
28524099	152	161	Treatment	T061	C0087111
28524099	162	174	Glioblastoma	T191	C0017636
28524099	176	179	GBM	T191	C0017636
28524099	200	210	aggressive	T079	C0580822
28524099	219	230	brain tumor	T191	C0006118
28524099	234	240	adults	T100	C0001675
28524099	255	268	survival time	T201	C2919552
28524099	280	290	aggressive	T079	C0580822
28524099	291	298	therapy	T061	C0087111
28524099	300	312	Non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28524099	313	322	surrogate	T080	C0086589
28524099	323	333	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
28524099	337	344	therapy	T061	C0087111
28524099	345	353	response	T032	C0871261
28524099	361	369	relevant	T080	C2347946
28524099	374	383	improving	T080	C1272745
28524099	384	391	patient	T101	C0030705
28524099	392	400	survival	T052	C0038952
28524099	411	415	work	T062	C0008972
28524099	430	440	biomarkers	T123	C0041366
28524099	444	455	preclinical	T080	C1709630
28524099	456	459	GBM	T191	C0017636
28524099	466	499	semi-supervised source extraction	T059	C0005567
28524099	504	557	single-slice Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging	T060	C1522706
28524099	559	563	MRSI	T060	C1522706
28524099	580	584	GBMs	T191	C0017636
28524099	589	602	heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28524099	607	627	single-slice studies	T062	C0008972
28524099	652	660	relevant	T080	C2347946
28524099	661	672	information	T078	C1533716
28524099	678	685	purpose	T169	C1285529
28524099	694	698	work	T062	C0008972
28524099	706	714	evaluate	T062	C0936012
28524099	725	741	multi-slice MRSI	T060	C1522706
28524099	791	796	tumor	T191	C0027651
28524099	814	832	preclinical models	T170	C1514292
28524099	873	880	therapy	T061	C0087111
28524099	881	889	response	T032	C0871261
28524099	891	902	Nosological	T170	C0683326
28524099	915	923	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28524099	965	971	volume	T081	C0449468
28524099	977	999	Tumor Responding Index	T170	C0918012
28524099	1001	1004	TRI	T170	C0918012
28524099	1022	1030	quantify	T081	C1709793
28524099	1031	1039	response	T032	C0871261
28524099	1041	1054	Heterogeneous	T080	C0019409
28524099	1055	1063	response	T032	C0871261
28524099	1076	1084	observed	T169	C1441672
28524099	1089	1096	treated	T061	C0332293
28524099	1097	1104	animals	T008	C0003062
28524099	1128	1137	arbitrary	T080	C1264693
28524099	1149	1155	groups	T078	C0441833
28524099	1157	1170	high response	T032	C0871261
28524099	1172	1174	HR	T032	C0871261
28524099	1184	1187	TRI	T170	C0918012
28524099	1203	1224	intermediate response	T032	C0871261
28524099	1226	1228	IR	T032	C0871261
28524099	1238	1241	TRI	T170	C0918012
28524099	1260	1272	low response	T032	C0871261
28524099	1274	1276	LR	T032	C0871261
28524099	1286	1289	TRI	T170	C0918012
28524099	1316	1323	therapy	T061	C0087111
28524099	1324	1332	response	T032	C0871261
28524099	1333	1347	categorization	T185	C0008902
28524099	1387	1407	single-slice studies	T062	C0008972
28524099	1433	1453	multi-slice approach	T060	C1522706
28524099	1514	1517	TRI	T170	C0918012
28524099	1522	1541	Ki67 immunostaining	T059	C4055454
28524099	1557	1559	ca	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28524099	1561	1566	7-day	T079	C0439228
28524099	1567	1579	oscillations	T061	C0695434
28524099	1583	1586	TRI	T170	C0918012
28524099	1592	1600	observed	T169	C1441672
28524099	1623	1647	immune system activation	T039	C2256029
28524099	1651	1672	response to treatment	T201	C0521982
28524099	1708	1716	patterns	T082	C0449774

28524604|t|Prevalence of high fractional exhaled nitric oxide among US youth with asthma
28524604|a|High fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is an indicator of poor asthma control and has been proposed as a non-invasive assessment tool to guide asthma management. We aimed to describe the prevalence of and factors associated with high FeNO among US youth with asthma. Data from 716 children and adolescents with asthma ages 6-19 years who participated in the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Using American Thoracic Society guidelines, high FeNO was defined as >50 ppb for ages 12-19 years and >35 ppb for ages 6-11 years. Multivariate logistic regression examined associations between high FeNO and age, sex, race / Hispanic origin, income status, weight status, tobacco smoke exposure, and other factors associated with asthma control (recent use of inhaled corticosteroids, recent respiratory illness, asthma -related respiratory signs/symptoms, and spirometry). About 16.5% of youth with asthma had high FeNO. The prevalence of high FeNO was higher among non-Hispanic black (27%, P < 0.001) and Hispanic (20.2%, P = 0.002) youth than non-Hispanic white (9.7%) youth. Differences in high FeNO prevalence by sex (girls < boys), weight status (obese < normal weight), tobacco smoke exposure (smokers < home exposure < no exposure), and FEV1/FVC (normal < abnormal) were also observed. No differences were noted between categories for the remaining covariates. High FeNO was observed to be associated with sex, race / Hispanic origin, weight status, tobacco smoke exposure, and abnormal FEV1/FVC, but was not associated with asthma -related respiratory symptoms. These findings may help inform future research and clinical practice guidelines on the use of high FeNO in the assessment of asthma control.
28524604	14	50	high fractional exhaled nitric oxide	T033	C4285781
28524604	57	59	US	T083	C0041703
28524604	60	65	youth	T100	C0087178
28524604	71	77	asthma	T047	C0004096
28524604	78	114	High fractional exhaled nitric oxide	T033	C4285781
28524604	116	120	FeNO	T033	C4285781
28524604	146	160	asthma control	T058	C1318955
28524604	226	243	asthma management	T058	C1318955
28524604	312	321	high FeNO	T033	C4285781
28524604	328	330	US	T083	C0041703
28524604	331	336	youth	T100	C0087178
28524604	342	348	asthma	T047	C0004096
28524604	364	372	children	T100	C0008059
28524604	377	388	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28524604	394	400	asthma	T047	C0004096
28524604	411	416	years	T079	C0439234
28524604	451	499	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey	T062	C0376344
28524604	521	557	American Thoracic Society guidelines	T170	C0282574
28524604	559	568	high FeNO	T033	C4285781
28524604	596	600	ages	T032	C0001779
28524604	607	612	years	T079	C0439234
28524604	629	633	ages	T032	C0001779
28524604	639	644	years	T079	C0439234
28524604	646	678	Multivariate logistic regression	T062	C0206031
28524604	709	718	high FeNO	T033	C4285781
28524604	723	726	age	T032	C0001779
28524604	728	731	sex	T032	C1522384
28524604	733	737	race	T098	C0034510
28524604	740	755	Hispanic origin	T098	C0086409
28524604	757	770	income status	T080	C0449438
28524604	772	785	weight status	T032	C0005910
28524604	787	809	tobacco smoke exposure	T033	C4300344
28524604	845	859	asthma control	T058	C1318955
28524604	875	882	inhaled	T040	C0004048
28524604	883	898	corticosteroids	T121	C3536709
28524604	907	926	respiratory illness	T047	C0035204
28524604	928	934	asthma	T047	C0004096
28524604	944	970	respiratory signs/symptoms	T184	C0037090
28524604	976	986	spirometry	T060	C0037981
28524604	1004	1009	youth	T100	C0087178
28524604	1015	1021	asthma	T047	C0004096
28524604	1026	1035	high FeNO	T033	C4285781
28524604	1055	1064	high FeNO	T033	C4285781
28524604	1082	1100	non-Hispanic black	T098	C1531522
28524604	1122	1130	Hispanic	T098	C0086409
28524604	1150	1155	youth	T100	C0087178
28524604	1161	1179	non-Hispanic white	T098	C3843227
28524604	1187	1192	youth	T100	C0087178
28524604	1209	1218	high FeNO	T033	C4285781
28524604	1233	1236	sex	T032	C1522384
28524604	1238	1243	girls	T100	C0870604
28524604	1246	1250	boys	T100	C0870221
28524604	1268	1273	obese	T033	C0436578
28524604	1276	1289	normal weight	T033	C2712185
28524604	1292	1314	tobacco smoke exposure	T033	C4300344
28524604	1316	1323	smokers	T033	C0337664
28524604	1326	1339	home exposure	T033	C0243095
28524604	1342	1353	no exposure	T033	C0243095
28524604	1360	1368	FEV1/FVC	T034	C0730560
28524604	1484	1493	High FeNO	T033	C4285781
28524604	1529	1532	sex	T032	C1522384
28524604	1534	1538	race	T098	C0034510
28524604	1541	1556	Hispanic origin	T098	C0086409
28524604	1573	1595	tobacco smoke exposure	T033	C4300344
28524604	1601	1618	abnormal FEV1/FVC	T033	C0438193
28524604	1648	1654	asthma	T047	C0004096
28524604	1664	1684	respiratory symptoms	T184	C0037090
28524604	1692	1700	findings	T033	C0243095
28524604	1737	1765	clinical practice guidelines	T170	C0282451
28524604	1780	1789	high FeNO	T033	C4285781
28524604	1811	1825	asthma control	T058	C1318955

28524704|t|Radiation from wireless technology elevates blood glucose and body temperature in 40-year-old type 1 diabetic male
28524704|a|A type 1 diabetic male reports multiple instances when his blood glucose was dramatically elevated by the presence of microwave radiation from wireless technology and plummeted when the radiation exposure ended. In one instance, his body temperature elevated in addition to his blood glucose. Both remained elevated for nearly 48 h after exposure with the effect gradually decreasing. Possible mechanisms for microwave radiation elevating blood glucose include effects on glucose transport proteins and ion channels, insulin conformational changes and oxidative stress. Temperature elevation may be caused by microwave radiation - triggered Ca (2+) efflux, a mechanism similar to malignant hyperthermia. The potential for radiation from wireless technology to cause serious biological effects has important implications and necessitates a reevaluation of its near-ubiquitous presence, especially in hospitals and medical facilities.
28524704	0	9	Radiation	T070	C0851346
28524704	15	34	wireless technology	T073	C1520154
28524704	35	43	elevates	T080	C3163633
28524704	44	57	blood glucose	T109	C0005802
28524704	62	78	body temperature	T032	C0005903
28524704	94	109	type 1 diabetic	T047	C0011854
28524704	110	114	male	T032	C0086582
28524704	117	132	type 1 diabetic	T047	C0011854
28524704	133	137	male	T032	C0086582
28524704	174	187	blood glucose	T109	C0005802
28524704	205	213	elevated	T080	C3163633
28524704	221	229	presence	T080	C3854307
28524704	233	252	microwave radiation	T070	C0026051
28524704	258	277	wireless technology	T073	C1520154
28524704	301	319	radiation exposure	T037	C0015333
28524704	348	364	body temperature	T032	C0005903
28524704	365	373	elevated	T080	C3163633
28524704	393	406	blood glucose	T109	C0005802
28524704	422	430	elevated	T080	C3163633
28524704	453	461	exposure	T080	C0332157
28524704	488	498	decreasing	T033	C0442797
28524704	524	543	microwave radiation	T070	C0026051
28524704	544	553	elevating	T080	C3163633
28524704	554	567	blood glucose	T109	C0005802
28524704	587	613	glucose transport proteins	T116,T123	C0017742
28524704	618	630	ion channels	T116,T123	C0022009
28524704	632	639	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28524704	640	662	conformational changes	T044	C0301641
28524704	667	683	oxidative stress	T049	C0242606
28524704	685	706	Temperature elevation	T033	C0243095
28524704	714	720	caused	T169	C0015127
28524704	724	743	microwave radiation	T070	C0026051
28524704	746	755	triggered	T080	C1444748
28524704	756	763	Ca (2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28524704	764	770	efflux	T043	C0007613
28524704	795	817	malignant hyperthermia	T047	C0024591
28524704	837	846	radiation	T070	C0851346
28524704	852	871	wireless technology	T073	C1520154
28524704	875	880	cause	T169	C0015127
28524704	889	907	biological effects	T038	C0599269
28524704	990	998	presence	T080	C3854307
28524704	1014	1023	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28524704	1028	1046	medical facilities	T073,T093	C0018704

28525754|t|Regulated Intron Removal Integrates Motivational State and Experience
28525754|a|Myriad experiences produce transient memory, yet, contingent on the internal state of the organism and the saliency of the experience, only some memories persist over time. How experience and internal state influence the duration of memory at the molecular level remains unknown. A self-assembled aggregated state of Drosophila Orb2A protein is required specifically for long-lasting memory. We report that in the adult fly brain the mRNA encoding Orb2A protein exists in an unspliced non-protein-coding form. The convergence of experience and internal drive transiently increases the spliced protein-coding Orb2A mRNA. A screen identified pasilla, the fly ortholog of mammalian Nova-1 / 2, as a mediator of Orb2A mRNA processing. A single-nucleotide substitution in the intronic region that reduces Pasilla binding and intron removal selectively impairs long-term memory. We posit that pasilla -mediated processing of unspliced Orb2A mRNA integrates experience and internal state to control Orb2A protein abundance and long-term memory formation.
28525754	0	9	Regulated	T045	C0017263
28525754	10	16	Intron	T114,T123	C0021920
28525754	17	24	Removal	T052	C1883720
28525754	36	54	Motivational State	T041	C3825945
28525754	59	69	Experience	T041	C0596545
28525754	77	88	experiences	T041	C0596545
28525754	97	113	transient memory	T041	C0025265
28525754	138	152	internal state	T041	C0025361
28525754	160	168	organism	T001	C0029235
28525754	193	203	experience	T041	C0596545
28525754	215	223	memories	T041	C0025260
28525754	237	241	time	T079	C0040223
28525754	247	257	experience	T041	C0596545
28525754	262	276	internal state	T041	C0025361
28525754	277	286	influence	T077	C4054723
28525754	291	299	duration	T079	C0449238
28525754	303	309	memory	T041	C0025260
28525754	352	377	self-assembled aggregated	T080	C0205418
28525754	387	411	Drosophila Orb2A protein	T116,T123	C0949989
28525754	441	460	long-lasting memory	T041	C0423909
28525754	484	493	adult fly	T204	C1440070
28525754	494	499	brain	T023	C0006104
28525754	504	508	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28525754	509	517	encoding	T052	C2700640
28525754	518	531	Orb2A protein	T116,T123	C0949989
28525754	545	578	unspliced non-protein-coding form	T114,T123	C0026661
28525754	584	595	convergence	T052	C2700387
28525754	599	609	experience	T041	C0596545
28525754	614	628	internal drive	T041	C0013126
28525754	641	650	increases	T169	C0442805
28525754	655	688	spliced protein-coding Orb2A mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28525754	710	717	pasilla	T116,T123	C1100909
28525754	723	726	fly	T204	C1440070
28525754	739	748	mammalian	T015	C0024660
28525754	749	755	Nova-1	T116,T123	C0033684
28525754	758	759	2	T116,T123	C0033684
28525754	766	774	mediator	T116,T123	C1363844
28525754	778	788	Orb2A mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28525754	789	799	processing	T045	C0314627
28525754	803	820	single-nucleotide	T114	C0028630
28525754	821	833	substitution	T044	C0596324
28525754	841	849	intronic	T114,T123	C0021920
28525754	862	869	reduces	T080	C0392756
28525754	870	877	Pasilla	T116,T123	C1100909
28525754	878	885	binding	T044	C0033618
28525754	890	896	intron	T114,T123	C0021920
28525754	897	904	removal	T052	C1883720
28525754	917	924	impairs	T169	C0221099
28525754	925	941	long-term memory	T041	C0423909
28525754	957	964	pasilla	T116,T123	C1100909
28525754	975	985	processing	T045	C0314627
28525754	989	1009	unspliced Orb2A mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28525754	1021	1031	experience	T041	C0596545
28525754	1036	1050	internal state	T041	C0025361
28525754	1062	1075	Orb2A protein	T116,T123	C0949989
28525754	1076	1085	abundance	T080	C2346714
28525754	1090	1106	long-term memory	T041	C0423909
28525754	1107	1116	formation	T169	C1522492

28525838|t|Design, synthesis and evaluation of azaacridine derivatives as dual-target EGFR and Src kinase inhibitors for antitumor treatment
28525838|a|Overexpression of EGFR is often associated with advanced stage disease and poor prognosis. In certain cancers, Src works synergistically with EGFR to promote proliferation, survival, invasion and metastasis. Development of dual-target drugs against EGFR and Src is of therapeutic advantage against these cancers. Based on molecular docking and our previous studies, we rationally designed a new series of azaacridine derivatives as potent EGFR and Src dual inhibitors. Most of the synthesized azaacridines displayed good antiproliferative activity against K562 and A549 cells. The representative compound 13b showed nM IC50 values against K562 and A549 cells, and inhibited EGFR at inhibition rate of 33.53% at 10 μM and Src at inhibition rate of 72.12% at 1 μM. Furthermore, compound 13b could inhibit the expression of EGFR, p-EGFR, Src and p-Src. Moreover, 13b efficiently inhibited the invasion of tumor cells and induced cancer cells apoptosis. Our study suggested that azaacridine scaffold can be developed as novel multi-target kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy.
28525838	0	6	Design	T052	C1707689
28525838	8	17	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28525838	36	59	azaacridine derivatives	T109	C0001186
28525838	63	74	dual-target	T169	C1521840
28525838	75	79	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28525838	84	94	Src kinase	T116,T126	C0282625
28525838	95	105	inhibitors	T116,T121	C3537035
28525838	110	119	antitumor	T080	C2986475
28525838	120	129	treatment	T061	C0087111
28525838	130	144	Overexpression	T045	C1514559
28525838	148	152	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28525838	162	177	associated with	T080	C0332281
28525838	178	192	advanced stage	T080	C0205179
28525838	193	200	disease	T047	C0012634
28525838	205	219	poor prognosis	T033	C0278252
28525838	232	239	cancers	T191	C0007097
28525838	241	244	Src	T116,T126	C0282625
28525838	251	266	synergistically	T080	C2986495
28525838	272	276	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28525838	280	287	promote	T052	C0033414
28525838	288	301	proliferation	T043	C0596290
28525838	303	311	survival	T043	C0007620
28525838	313	321	invasion	T046	C2699153
28525838	326	336	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28525838	338	349	Development	T169	C1527148
28525838	353	364	dual-target	T169	C1521840
28525838	365	370	drugs	T121	C0013227
28525838	371	378	against	T080	C0521124
28525838	379	383	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28525838	388	391	Src	T116,T126	C0282625
28525838	398	409	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28525838	420	427	against	T080	C0521124
28525838	434	441	cancers	T191	C0007097
28525838	443	448	Based	T078	C1705938
28525838	452	469	molecular docking	T170	C3494274
28525838	487	494	studies	T062	C2603343
28525838	510	518	designed	T052	C1707689
28525838	525	531	series	T081	C0205549
28525838	535	558	azaacridine derivatives	T109	C0001186
28525838	569	573	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28525838	578	581	Src	T116,T126	C0282625
28525838	587	597	inhibitors	T116,T121	C3537035
28525838	611	622	synthesized	T052	C1883254
28525838	623	635	azaacridines	T109	C0001186
28525838	636	645	displayed	T169	C0870432
28525838	646	650	good	T080	C0205170
28525838	651	677	antiproliferative activity	T169	C0599112
28525838	678	685	against	T080	C0521124
28525838	686	690	K562	T025	C0600432
28525838	695	705	A549 cells	T025	C4277577
28525838	726	738	compound 13b	T121	C1254351
28525838	749	753	IC50	T081	C0600495
28525838	754	760	values	T080	C0042295
28525838	761	768	against	T080	C0521124
28525838	769	773	K562	T025	C0600432
28525838	778	788	A549 cells	T025	C4277577
28525838	794	803	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28525838	804	808	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28525838	812	822	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28525838	823	827	rate	T081	C1521828
28525838	851	854	Src	T116,T126	C0282625
28525838	858	868	inhibition	T052	C3463820
28525838	869	873	rate	T081	C1521828
28525838	906	918	compound 13b	T121	C1254351
28525838	925	932	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28525838	937	947	expression	T045	C1171362
28525838	951	955	EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28525838	957	963	p-EGFR	T116,T126,T192	C0034802
28525838	965	968	Src	T116,T126	C0282625
28525838	973	978	p-Src	T116,T126	C0282625
28525838	990	993	13b	T121	C1254351
28525838	994	1005	efficiently	T080	C0442799
28525838	1006	1015	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28525838	1020	1043	invasion of tumor cells	T033	C1269955
28525838	1048	1055	induced	T169	C0205263
28525838	1056	1068	cancer cells	T025	C0334227
28525838	1069	1078	apoptosis	T043	C0162638
28525838	1084	1089	study	T062	C2603343
28525838	1090	1099	suggested	T078	C1705535
28525838	1105	1116	azaacridine	T109	C0001186
28525838	1117	1125	scaffold	T073	C0337143
28525838	1133	1142	developed	T169	C1527148
28525838	1146	1151	novel	T080	C0205314
28525838	1152	1182	multi-target kinase inhibitors	T116,T121	C3537035
28525838	1187	1201	cancer therapy	T061	C0920425

28526000|t|Barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation in a cancer context: A qualitative study of patient, family and professional views
28526000|a|Continued smoking after cancer adversely affects quality of life and survival, but one fifth of cancer survivors still smoke. Despite its demands, cancer presents an opportunity for positive behaviour change. Smoking often occurs in social groups, therefore interventions which target families and individuals may be more successful. This qualitative study explored patients, family members and health professionals ' views and experiences of smoking and smoking cessation after cancer, in order to inform future interventions. In-depth qualitative interviews (n = 67) with 29 patients, 14 family members and 24 health professionals. Data were analysed using the 'Framework' method. Few patient s and family members had used National Health Service (NHS) smoking cessation services and more than half still smoked. Most recalled little ' smoking -related' discussion with clinicians but were receptive to talking openly. Clinicians revealed several barriers to discussion. Participants ' continued smoking was explained by the stress of diagnosis; desire to maintain personal control; and lack of connection between smoking, cancer and health. A range of barriers to smoking cessation exist for patients and family members. These are insufficiently assessed and considered by clinicians. Interventions must be more effectively integrated into routine practice.
28526000	0	8	Barriers	T080	C0205556
28526000	13	25	facilitators	T080	C0205556
28526000	29	46	smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28526000	52	58	cancer	T191	C0006826
28526000	59	66	context	T078	C0449255
28526000	70	87	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28526000	91	98	patient	T101	C0030705
28526000	100	106	family	T099	C0015576
28526000	111	123	professional	T097	C0679924
28526000	124	129	views	T080	C0205556
28526000	130	139	Continued	T078	C0549178
28526000	140	147	smoking	T055	C0037369
28526000	154	160	cancer	T191	C0006826
28526000	161	178	adversely affects	T046	C0879626
28526000	179	194	quality of life	T184	C0518214
28526000	199	207	survival	T169	C0220921
28526000	226	232	cancer	T191	C0006826
28526000	233	242	survivors	T101	C0206194
28526000	249	254	smoke	T055	C0037369
28526000	277	283	cancer	T191	C0006826
28526000	312	320	positive	T033	C1446409
28526000	321	337	behaviour change	T055	C0542299
28526000	339	346	Smoking	T055	C0037369
28526000	363	376	social groups	T098	C0687744
28526000	388	401	interventions	T061	C0184661
28526000	408	414	target	T169	C1521840
28526000	415	423	families	T099	C0015576
28526000	428	439	individuals	T098	C0027361
28526000	452	462	successful	T080	C1272703
28526000	469	486	qualitative study	T062	C0949415
28526000	496	504	patients	T101	C0030705
28526000	506	520	family members	T099	C0086282
28526000	525	545	health professionals	T097	C1704312
28526000	548	553	views	T080	C0205556
28526000	558	569	experiences	T041	C0596545
28526000	573	580	smoking	T055	C0037369
28526000	585	602	smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28526000	609	615	cancer	T191	C0006826
28526000	643	656	interventions	T061	C0184661
28526000	658	689	In-depth qualitative interviews	T058	C0683518
28526000	707	715	patients	T101	C0030705
28526000	720	734	family members	T099	C0086282
28526000	742	762	health professionals	T097	C1704312
28526000	764	768	Data	T078	C1511726
28526000	793	811	'Framework' method	T169	C0449851
28526000	817	824	patient	T101	C0030705
28526000	831	845	family members	T099	C0086282
28526000	855	878	National Health Service	T058	C0027462
28526000	880	883	NHS	T058	C0027462
28526000	885	902	smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28526000	903	911	services	T058	C0018747
28526000	937	943	smoked	T055	C0037369
28526000	968	975	smoking	T055	C0037369
28526000	986	996	discussion	T061	C0557050
28526000	1002	1012	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28526000	1051	1061	Clinicians	T097	C0871685
28526000	1079	1087	barriers	T080	C0205556
28526000	1091	1101	discussion	T061	C0557050
28526000	1103	1115	Participants	T098	C0679646
28526000	1118	1127	continued	T078	C0549178
28526000	1128	1135	smoking	T055	C0037369
28526000	1157	1163	stress	T033	C0038435
28526000	1167	1176	diagnosis	T060	C0920688
28526000	1197	1205	personal	T032	C1519021
28526000	1206	1213	control	T080	C0243148
28526000	1219	1223	lack	T080	C0332268
28526000	1246	1253	smoking	T055	C0037369
28526000	1255	1261	cancer	T191	C0006826
28526000	1266	1272	health	T078	C0018684
28526000	1285	1293	barriers	T080	C0205556
28526000	1297	1314	smoking cessation	T055	C0085134
28526000	1325	1333	patients	T101	C0030705
28526000	1338	1352	family members	T099	C0086282
28526000	1364	1378	insufficiently	T080	C0231180
28526000	1379	1387	assessed	T052	C1516048
28526000	1406	1416	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28526000	1418	1431	Interventions	T061	C0184661

28526360|t|The FLASHE Study: Survey Development, Dyadic Perspectives, and Participant Characteristics
28526360|a|The National Cancer Institute developed the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating (FLASHE) Study to examine multiple cancer preventive behaviors within parent - adolescent dyads. The purpose of creating FLASHE was to enable the examination of physical activity, diet, and other cancer preventive behaviors and potential correlates among parent - adolescent dyads. FLASHE surveys were developed from a process involving literature reviews, scientific input from experts in the field, cognitive testing, and usability testing. This cross-sectional, web-based study of parents and their adolescent children (aged 12-17 years) was administered between April and October 2014. The nationwide sample consisted of 1,573 parent - adolescent dyads (1,699 parents and 1,581 adolescents) who returned all FLASHE surveys. FLASHE assessed parent and adolescent reports of several intrapersonal and interpersonal domains (including psychosocial variables, parenting, and the community and home environments). On a subset of example FLASHE items across these domains, responses of parents and adolescents within the same dyads were positively and significantly correlated (r =0.32-0.63). Analyses were run in 2015-2016. FLASHE data present multiple opportunities for studying research questions among individuals or dyads, including the ability to examine similarity between parents and adolescents on many constructs relevant to cancer preventive behaviors. FLASHE data are publicly available for researchers and practitioners to help advance research on cancer preventive health behaviors.
28526360	4	16	FLASHE Study	T170	C0038951
28526360	18	24	Survey	T170	C0038951
28526360	25	36	Development	T169	C1527148
28526360	38	44	Dyadic	T098	C0870454
28526360	63	74	Participant	T098	C0679646
28526360	75	90	Characteristics	T080	C1521970
28526360	95	120	National Cancer Institute	T093	C1513882
28526360	135	146	Family Life	T054	C0015608
28526360	148	156	Activity	T052	C0441655
28526360	158	161	Sun	T070	C0038817
28526360	163	169	Health	T078	C0018684
28526360	175	181	Eating	T040	C0013470
28526360	183	189	FLASHE	T170	C0038951
28526360	191	196	Study	T170	C0038951
28526360	217	234	cancer preventive	T061	C0281206
28526360	235	244	behaviors	T055	C0018687
28526360	252	258	parent	T099	C0030551
28526360	261	271	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28526360	272	277	dyads	T098	C0870454
28526360	303	309	FLASHE	T170	C0038951
28526360	343	360	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28526360	362	366	diet	T168	C0012155
28526360	378	405	cancer preventive behaviors	T061	C0281206
28526360	437	443	parent	T099	C0030551
28526360	446	456	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28526360	457	462	dyads	T098	C0870454
28526360	464	478	FLASHE surveys	T170	C0038951
28526360	519	537	literature reviews	T170	C0282441
28526360	539	549	scientific	T090	C0036397
28526360	550	555	input	T077	C1708517
28526360	561	568	experts	T097	C0009817
28526360	583	600	cognitive testing	T060	C0204471
28526360	630	645	cross-sectional	T062	C0010362
28526360	647	662	web-based study	T062	C2603343
28526360	666	673	parents	T099	C0030551
28526360	684	694	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28526360	695	703	children	T099	C0680063
28526360	727	739	administered	T169	C1621583
28526360	748	753	April	T079	C3715024
28526360	758	765	October	T079	C3828732
28526360	813	819	parent	T099	C0030551
28526360	822	832	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28526360	833	838	dyads	T098	C0870454
28526360	846	853	parents	T099	C0030551
28526360	864	875	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28526360	894	908	FLASHE surveys	T170	C0038951
28526360	910	916	FLASHE	T170	C0038951
28526360	926	932	parent	T099	C0030551
28526360	937	947	adolescent	T100	C0205653
28526360	985	998	interpersonal	T080	C3476070
28526360	1018	1040	psychosocial variables	T080	C0033963
28526360	1042	1051	parenting	T054	C0085092
28526360	1061	1070	community	T080	C0563116
28526360	1075	1092	home environments	T082	C0442519
28526360	1118	1124	FLASHE	T170	C0038951
28526360	1153	1162	responses	T078	C1547656
28526360	1166	1173	parents	T099	C0030551
28526360	1178	1189	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28526360	1206	1211	dyads	T098	C0870454
28526360	1246	1256	correlated	T081	C0010100
28526360	1305	1311	FLASHE	T170	C0038951
28526360	1361	1379	research questions	T078	C0681799
28526360	1386	1397	individuals	T098	C0027361
28526360	1401	1406	dyads	T098	C0870454
28526360	1422	1429	ability	T032	C0085732
28526360	1441	1451	similarity	T080	C2348205
28526360	1460	1467	parents	T099	C0030551
28526360	1472	1483	adolescents	T100	C0205653
28526360	1515	1542	cancer preventive behaviors	T061	C0281206
28526360	1544	1550	FLASHE	T170	C0038951
28526360	1583	1594	researchers	T097	C0035173
28526360	1599	1612	practitioners	T097	C0017319
28526360	1629	1637	research	T062	C0035168
28526360	1641	1658	cancer preventive	T061	C0281206
28526360	1659	1675	health behaviors	T055	C0018687

28526485|t|Improving the Sexual Health of Young People With Mobility Impairments: Challenges and Recommendations
28526485|a|This mixed-method study (a) describes challenges to providing sexual health services to youth with mobility impairments from the perspective of health care providers and experts and (b) describes and compares sexual health -related experiences of youth with mobility impairments. Secondary data analysis of My Path, a study focused on the transition to adulthood for youth with mobility impairments. Using an exploratory sequential design, qualitative data (n = 10) were analyzed using systematic content analysis followed by quantitative analysis of survey data (N = 337). Challenges included not talking about sex, managing sexual development, adaptation and instruction, parent roles, and safety. Survey data showed that youth with mobility impairments are diverse in their experiences with sexual behavior and sources of sexual health information. Although connected with primary care providers, few received information about sexual health. Interventions to improve youths ' well-being should include comprehensive care and education that promotes and supports healthy sexual development.
28526485	0	9	Improving	T080	C1272745
28526485	14	27	Sexual Health	T032	C2362326
28526485	31	43	Young People	T100	C0087178
28526485	49	69	Mobility Impairments	T033	C0518456
28526485	71	81	Challenges	T058	C0805586
28526485	86	101	Recommendations	T078	C0034866
28526485	107	125	mixed-method study	T062	C0681814
28526485	140	150	challenges	T058	C0805586
28526485	154	163	providing	T052	C1999230
28526485	164	177	sexual health	T032	C2362326
28526485	178	186	services	T058	C0018747
28526485	190	195	youth	T100	C0087178
28526485	201	221	mobility impairments	T033	C0518456
28526485	231	242	perspective	T082	C0449911
28526485	246	267	health care providers	T097	C0018724
28526485	272	279	experts	T097	C0009817
28526485	302	310	compares	T052	C1707455
28526485	311	324	sexual health	T032	C2362326
28526485	334	345	experiences	T041	C0596545
28526485	349	354	youth	T100	C0087178
28526485	360	380	mobility impairments	T033	C0518456
28526485	382	416	Secondary data analysis of My Path	UnknownType	C0683944
28526485	420	425	study	T062	C0681814
28526485	426	433	focused	T169	C1285542
28526485	441	451	transition	T052	C2700061
28526485	455	464	adulthood	T079	C0700597
28526485	469	474	youth	T100	C0087178
28526485	480	500	mobility impairments	T033	C0518456
28526485	511	540	exploratory sequential design	T062	C0035171
28526485	542	558	qualitative data	UnknownType	C0681942
28526485	573	581	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28526485	588	598	systematic	T169	C0220922
28526485	599	615	content analysis	T062	C0681915
28526485	628	664	quantitative analysis of survey data	UnknownType	C0681919
28526485	676	686	Challenges	T058	C0805586
28526485	687	695	included	T169	C0332257
28526485	696	707	not talking	T080	C0205556
28526485	714	717	sex	T032	C1522384
28526485	728	746	sexual development	T040	C0233896
28526485	748	758	adaptation	T040	C0000934
28526485	763	774	instruction	T170	C1442085
28526485	776	788	parent roles	T054	C0680075
28526485	794	800	safety	T068	C0036043
28526485	802	808	Survey	T170	C0038951
28526485	809	813	data	T078	C1511726
28526485	826	831	youth	T100	C0087178
28526485	837	857	mobility impairments	T033	C0518456
28526485	862	869	diverse	T080	C1880371
28526485	879	890	experiences	T041	C0596545
28526485	896	911	sexual behavior	T053	C0036864
28526485	916	923	sources	T033	C0449416
28526485	927	940	sexual health	T032	C2362326
28526485	941	952	information	T078	C1533716
28526485	963	972	connected	T052	C2986575
28526485	978	1000	primary care providers	T097	C0018724
28526485	1006	1014	received	T080	C1514756
28526485	1015	1026	information	T078	C1533716
28526485	1033	1046	sexual health	T032	C2362326
28526485	1048	1061	Interventions	T058	C1273869
28526485	1065	1072	improve	T033	C0184511
28526485	1073	1079	youths	T100	C0087178
28526485	1082	1092	well-being	T078	C0018684
28526485	1100	1107	include	T052	C2700399
28526485	1108	1126	comprehensive care	T058	C0009586
28526485	1131	1140	education	T065	C0018701
28526485	1146	1154	promotes	T052	C0033414
28526485	1159	1167	supports	T077	C1521721
28526485	1168	1175	healthy	T080	C3898900
28526485	1176	1194	sexual development	T040	C0233896

28526565|t|Efficacy of indefinite chronic oral antimicrobial suppression for prosthetic joint infection in the elderly: a comparative study
28526565|a|During prosthetic joint infection (PJI), surgical management is sometimes impossible, indefinite chronic oral antimicrobial suppression (ICOAS) may sometimes be the only option. We evaluated the outcome of elderly patients who benefited from ICOAS for a strictly palliative goal METHODS: We performed a national retrospective cohort study in France of patients aged >75years old with PJI, and managed with ICOAS planned for life long from 2009 to 2014, and compared the population with an event versus the population free of event. Event was defined as a composite outcome in patients under ICOAS, including: local or systemic progression of the infection; death or discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy because of adverse drug reaction. Twenty-one patients were included, with a median age of 85 (IQR: 81; 88) years old. There were 8/21 patients with an event: 1 patient with adverse drug reaction; 3 patients had systemic progression of sepsis; and 2 had local progression. A total of 2/21 patients died. No deaths were related to ICOAS or infection. There was no significant difference (p >0.05) between the population with an event and free of event considering demographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics. In our cohort, ICOAS seems to be an effective and safe option.
28526565	0	8	Efficacy	T062	C1707887
28526565	12	61	indefinite chronic oral antimicrobial suppression	T061	C0087111
28526565	66	92	prosthetic joint infection	T047	C0410808
28526565	100	107	elderly	T098	C0001792
28526565	111	128	comparative study	T062	C1579762
28526565	136	162	prosthetic joint infection	T047	C0410808
28526565	164	167	PJI	T047	C0410808
28526565	170	189	surgical management	T058	C1515089
28526565	215	264	indefinite chronic oral antimicrobial suppression	T061	C0087111
28526565	266	271	ICOAS	T061	C0087111
28526565	310	319	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28526565	324	331	outcome	T169	C1274040
28526565	335	342	elderly	T098	C0001792
28526565	343	351	patients	T101	C0030705
28526565	371	376	ICOAS	T061	C0087111
28526565	392	407	palliative goal	T091	C0030231
28526565	432	467	national retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
28526565	471	477	France	T083	C0016674
28526565	481	489	patients	T101	C0030705
28526565	513	516	PJI	T047	C0410808
28526565	535	540	ICOAS	T061	C0087111
28526565	553	562	life long	T079	C4274169
28526565	599	609	population	T098	C1257890
28526565	618	623	event	T051	C0441471
28526565	635	645	population	T098	C1257890
28526565	654	659	event	T051	C0441471
28526565	661	666	Event	T051	C0441471
28526565	694	701	outcome	T033	C1624730
28526565	705	713	patients	T101	C0030705
28526565	720	725	ICOAS	T061	C0087111
28526565	738	767	local or systemic progression	T046	C0242656
28526565	775	784	infection	T046	C3714514
28526565	786	791	death	T033	C1306577
28526565	795	810	discontinuation	T033	C1444662
28526565	814	827	antimicrobial	T121	C1136254
28526565	828	835	therapy	T061	C0087111
28526565	847	868	adverse drug reaction	T046	C0041755
28526565	881	889	patients	T101	C0030705
28526565	970	978	patients	T101	C0030705
28526565	987	992	event	T051	C0441471
28526565	996	1003	patient	T101	C0030705
28526565	1009	1030	adverse drug reaction	T046	C0041755
28526565	1034	1042	patients	T101	C0030705
28526565	1047	1067	systemic progression	T046	C0242656
28526565	1071	1077	sepsis	T047	C0243026
28526565	1089	1106	local progression	T046	C0242656
28526565	1124	1132	patients	T101	C0030705
28526565	1133	1137	died	T033	C1306577
28526565	1139	1148	No deaths	T052	C0038952
28526565	1165	1170	ICOAS	T061	C0087111
28526565	1174	1183	infection	T046	C3714514
28526565	1243	1253	population	T098	C1257890
28526565	1262	1267	event	T051	C0441471
28526565	1272	1285	free of event	T081	C0242793
28526565	1280	1285	event	T051	C0441471
28526565	1298	1309	demographic	T102	C0683970
28526565	1311	1319	clinical	T201	C0683325
28526565	1324	1355	microbiological characteristics	T001	C0029235
28526565	1364	1370	cohort	T062	C2985505
28526565	1372	1377	ICOAS	T201	C1456627
28526565	1372	1377	ICOAS	T061	C0087111
28526565	1393	1402	effective	T080	C1704419
28526565	1407	1411	safe	T068	C0036043

28526692|t|Understanding the interrelationship between the synthesis of urea and gluconeogenesis by formulating an overall balanced equation
28526692|a|It is well known that a strong metabolic interrelationship exists between ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis. In this paper, we present a detailed, overall equation, describing a possible metabolic link between ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis. We adopted a guided approach in which we strongly suggest that students, when faced with the problem of obtaining the overall equation of a metabolic pathway, carefully account for all atoms and charges of the single reactions, as well as the cellular localizations of the substrates, and the related transport systems. If this suggestion is always taken into account, a balanced, overall equation of a metabolic pathway will be obtained, which strongly facilitates the discussion of its physiological role. Unfortunately, textbooks often report unbalanced overall equations of metabolic pathways, including ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis. Most likely the reason is that metabolism and enzymology have been neglected for about three decades, owing to the remarkable advances of molecular biology and molecular genetics. In this paper, we strongly suggest that students, when faced with the problem of obtaining the overall reaction of a metabolic pathway, carefully control if the single reactions are properly balanced for atoms and charges. Following this suggestion, we were able to obtain an overall equation describing the metabolic interrelationship between ureagenesis and gluconeogenesis, in which urea and glucose are the final products. The aim is to better rationalize this topic and to convince students and teachers that metabolism is an important and rewarding chapter of human physiology.
28526692	0	13	Understanding	T041	C0162340
28526692	18	35	interrelationship	T080	C0439849
28526692	48	57	synthesis	T038	C0220781
28526692	61	65	urea	T109,T121,T123	C0041942
28526692	70	85	gluconeogenesis	T044	C0017715
28526692	104	111	overall	T080	C1561607
28526692	112	129	balanced equation	T077	C0552449
28526692	161	170	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28526692	171	188	interrelationship	T080	C0439849
28526692	204	215	ureagenesis	T044	C0597619
28526692	220	235	gluconeogenesis	T044	C0017715
28526692	275	282	overall	T080	C1561607
28526692	283	291	equation	T077	C0552449
28526692	315	324	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28526692	325	329	link	T082	C0449379
28526692	338	349	ureagenesis	T044	C0597619
28526692	354	369	gluconeogenesis	T044	C0017715
28526692	384	399	guided approach	T082	C0449445
28526692	434	442	students	T098	C0038492
28526692	464	471	problem	T033	C0033213
28526692	475	484	obtaining	T052	C1706701
28526692	489	496	overall	T080	C1561607
28526692	497	505	equation	T077	C0552449
28526692	511	528	metabolic pathway	T169	C1291081
28526692	556	561	atoms	T196	C0567415
28526692	566	573	charges	T032	C1706211
28526692	588	597	reactions	T169	C0443286
28526692	614	636	cellular localizations	T043	C1660642
28526692	644	654	substrates	T167	C3891814
28526692	672	681	transport	T044	C1519628
28526692	682	689	systems	T169	C0449913
28526692	742	750	balanced	T169	C0205415
28526692	752	759	overall	T080	C1561607
28526692	760	768	equation	T077	C0552449
28526692	774	791	metabolic pathway	T169	C1291081
28526692	859	872	physiological	T169	C0205463
28526692	894	903	textbooks	T073,T170	C0039712
28526692	910	916	report	T170	C0684224
28526692	928	935	overall	T080	C1561607
28526692	936	945	equations	T077	C0552449
28526692	949	967	metabolic pathways	T169	C1291081
28526692	979	990	ureagenesis	T044	C0597619
28526692	995	1010	gluconeogenesis	T044	C0017715
28526692	1043	1053	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28526692	1058	1068	enzymology	T169	C0014445
28526692	1150	1167	molecular biology	T091	C0026376
28526692	1172	1190	molecular genetics	T091	C0086345
28526692	1200	1205	paper	T170	C1706852
28526692	1232	1240	students	T098	C0038492
28526692	1287	1294	overall	T080	C1561607
28526692	1295	1303	reaction	T169	C0443286
28526692	1309	1326	metabolic pathway	T169	C1291081
28526692	1360	1369	reactions	T169	C0443286
28526692	1383	1391	balanced	T169	C0205415
28526692	1396	1401	atoms	T196	C0567415
28526692	1406	1413	charges	T032	C1706211
28526692	1430	1440	suggestion	T078	C1705535
28526692	1468	1475	overall	T080	C1561607
28526692	1476	1484	equation	T077	C0552449
28526692	1500	1509	metabolic	T169	C0311400
28526692	1510	1527	interrelationship	T080	C0439849
28526692	1536	1547	ureagenesis	T044	C0597619
28526692	1552	1567	gluconeogenesis	T044	C0017715
28526692	1578	1582	urea	T109,T121,T123	C0041942
28526692	1587	1594	glucose	T109,T121,T123	C0017725
28526692	1603	1608	final	T079	C3853528
28526692	1609	1617	products	T071	C1514468
28526692	1640	1651	rationalize	T169	C1552821
28526692	1657	1662	topic	T078	C1706203
28526692	1679	1687	students	T098	C0038492
28526692	1692	1700	teachers	T097	C0221457
28526692	1706	1716	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28526692	1747	1754	chapter	T078	C1552857
28526692	1758	1774	human physiology	T091	C3826168

28526816|t|Delineation of B-cell Epitopes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Hemolysin E: Potential antibody therapeutic target
28526816|a|Hemolysin E (HlyE) is an immunogenic novel pore -forming toxin involved in the pathogenesis of typhoid fever. Thus, mapping of B-cell epitopes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) is critical to identify key immunogenic regions of HlyE. A random 20-mer peptide library was used for biopanning with enriched anti-HlyE polyclonal antibodies from typhoid patient sera. Bioinformatic tools were used to refine, analyze and map the enriched peptide sequences against the protein to identify the epitopes. The analysis identified both linear and conformational epitopes on the HlyE protein. The predicted linear GAAAGIVAG and conformational epitope PYSQESVLSADSQNQK were further validated against the pooled sera. The identified epitopes were then used to isolate epitope specific monoclonal antibodies by antibody phage display. Monoclonal scFv antibodies were enriched for both linear and conformational epitopes. Molecular docking was performed to elucidate the antigen-antibody interaction of the monoclonal antibodies against the epitopes on the HlyE monomer and oligomer structure. An in-depth view of the mechanistic and positional characteristics of the antibodies and epitope for HlyE was successfully accomplished by a combination of phage display and bioinformatic analysis. The predicted function and structure of the antibodies highlights the possibility of utilizing the antibodies as neutralizing agents for typhoid fever.
28526816	15	21	B-cell	T025	C0004561
28526816	22	30	Epitopes	T129	C0003316
28526816	34	67	Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi	T007	C0036125
28526816	68	79	Hemolysin E	T116,T123	C2603981
28526816	81	90	Potential	T080	C3245505
28526816	91	99	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28526816	100	111	therapeutic	T061	C0087111
28526816	112	118	target	T169	C1521840
28526816	119	130	Hemolysin E	T116,T123	C2603981
28526816	132	136	HlyE	T116,T123	C2603981
28526816	144	155	immunogenic	T169	C0872192
28526816	156	161	novel	T080	C0205314
28526816	162	166	pore	T026	C1325742
28526816	176	181	toxin	T109,T131	C0073997
28526816	198	210	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28526816	214	227	typhoid fever	T047	C0041466
28526816	235	242	mapping	T052	C1283195
28526816	246	252	B-cell	T025	C0004561
28526816	253	261	epitopes	T129	C0003316
28526816	265	298	Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi	T007	C0036125
28526816	300	308	S. Typhi	T007	C0036125
28526816	313	321	critical	T080	C1511545
28526816	338	357	immunogenic regions	T082	C1254362
28526816	361	365	HlyE	T116,T123	C2603981
28526816	383	398	peptide library	T116,T130	C0376436
28526816	437	468	anti-HlyE polyclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0312586
28526816	474	481	typhoid	T047	C0041466
28526816	482	489	patient	T101	C0030705
28526816	490	494	sera	T031	C0229671
28526816	496	509	Bioinformatic	T091	C1140694
28526816	510	515	tools	T170	C0037589
28526816	537	544	analyze	T062	C0936012
28526816	549	552	map	T052	C1283195
28526816	566	583	peptide sequences	T087	C0920679
28526816	596	603	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28526816	620	628	epitopes	T129	C0003316
28526816	634	642	analysis	T062	C0936012
28526816	659	665	linear	T082	C0205132
28526816	670	684	conformational	T082	C1254362
28526816	685	693	epitopes	T129	C0003316
28526816	701	713	HlyE protein	T116,T123	C2603981
28526816	719	728	predicted	T078	C0681842
28526816	729	735	linear	T082	C0205132
28526816	736	745	GAAAGIVAG	T087	C0002518
28526816	750	764	conformational	T082	C1254362
28526816	765	772	epitope	T129	C0003316
28526816	773	789	PYSQESVLSADSQNQK	T087	C0002518
28526816	832	836	sera	T031	C0229671
28526816	853	861	epitopes	T129	C0003316
28526816	880	887	isolate	T061	C0204727
28526816	888	895	epitope	T129	C0003316
28526816	905	926	monoclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0003250
28526816	930	938	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28526816	939	952	phage display	T063	C1519025
28526816	954	969	Monoclonal scFv	T116,T129	C1432679
28526816	970	980	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28526816	1004	1010	linear	T082	C0205132
28526816	1015	1029	conformational	T082	C1254362
28526816	1030	1038	epitopes	T129	C0003316
28526816	1040	1057	Molecular docking	T170	C3494274
28526816	1089	1117	antigen-antibody interaction	T039	C1268869
28526816	1125	1146	monoclonal antibodies	T116,T129	C0003250
28526816	1159	1167	epitopes	T129	C0003316
28526816	1175	1179	HlyE	T116,T123	C2603981
28526816	1180	1187	monomer	T116,T129	C0312811
28526816	1192	1210	oligomer structure	T087	C0599219
28526816	1252	1262	positional	T033	C0240795
28526816	1263	1278	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28526816	1286	1296	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28526816	1301	1308	epitope	T129	C0003316
28526816	1313	1317	HlyE	T116,T123	C2603981
28526816	1353	1364	combination	T080	C0205195
28526816	1368	1381	phage display	T063	C1519025
28526816	1386	1399	bioinformatic	T091	C1140694
28526816	1400	1408	analysis	T062	C0936012
28526816	1414	1423	predicted	T078	C0681842
28526816	1424	1432	function	T169	C0542341
28526816	1437	1446	structure	T082	C0678594
28526816	1454	1464	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28526816	1509	1519	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28526816	1523	1542	neutralizing agents	T121	C1254351
28526816	1547	1560	typhoid fever	T047	C0041466

28527429|t|Coexistence of light-driven Na(+) and H(+) transport in a microbial rhodopsin from Nonlabens dokdonensis
28527429|a|Ion pumping microbial rhodopsins are photochemically active membrane proteins, converting light energy into ion-motive-force for ATP synthesis. Nonlabens dokdonensis rhodopsin 2 (NdR2), was recently identified as a light-driven Na(+) pump. However, few functional studies on NdR2 have been conducted to elucidate its mechanism of ion transport. By reconstituting NdR2 into liposomes, we proved that NdR2 functions as a light-driven Na(+) / H(+) pump. As Na(+) concentration increased, the dominant H(+) pump activity switched to the Na(+) pump activity at neutral pH. The inversion of pH change by the addition of CCCP at low Na(+) further suggested that the transport of Na(+) and H(+) should coexist in NdR2. By increasing H(+) concentration, the affinity for Na(+) lowered, which was indicated by an increase in KM from ~31mM at pH ~7.5, to ~74mM at pH ~6.5. These results demonstrated that Na(+) transport competed with H(+) transport in NdR2, which was confirmed by the dominant H(+) pump activity at pH ~5.7. Kinetic experiments using pyranine uncovered a transient H(+) uptake, followed by an H(+) release at the millisecond time scale in both Na(+) and K(+) solutions. Therefore, these NdR2 results may provide functional and kinetic insights into the ion transport mechanism in light-driven Na(+) pumps.
28527429	0	11	Coexistence	T077	C2987476
28527429	15	27	light-driven	T044	C1159580
28527429	28	33	Na(+)	T043	C1159690
28527429	38	52	H(+) transport	T043	C1159576
28527429	58	77	microbial rhodopsin	T116,T123	C0949708
28527429	83	104	Nonlabens dokdonensis	T007	C1623666
28527429	105	116	Ion pumping	T116,T123	C0085193
28527429	117	137	microbial rhodopsins	T116,T123	C0949708
28527429	142	157	photochemically	T070	C2350502
28527429	158	182	active membrane proteins	T116,T123	C0025252
28527429	195	207	light energy	T070	C1254365
28527429	213	229	ion-motive-force	T044	C0282517
28527429	234	247	ATP synthesis	T044	C1157223
28527429	249	270	Nonlabens dokdonensis	T007	C1623666
28527429	271	282	rhodopsin 2	T116,T123	C0035499
28527429	284	288	NdR2	T116,T123	C0035499
28527429	320	332	light-driven	T044	C1159580
28527429	333	343	Na(+) pump	T043	C1159690
28527429	358	368	functional	T169	C0205245
28527429	380	384	NdR2	T116,T123	C0035499
28527429	422	431	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28527429	435	448	ion transport	T043	C0162585
28527429	468	472	NdR2	T116,T123	C0035499
28527429	478	487	liposomes	T109	C0023828
28527429	504	508	NdR2	T116,T123	C0035499
28527429	524	536	light-driven	T044	C1159580
28527429	537	542	Na(+)	T043	C1159690
28527429	545	554	H(+) pump	T116,T126	C0018440
28527429	559	564	Na(+)	T196	C0597484
28527429	565	578	concentration	T081	C1446561
28527429	603	621	H(+) pump activity	T116,T126	C0018440
28527429	638	657	Na(+) pump activity	T044	C1749452
28527429	669	671	pH	T081	C0020283
28527429	690	692	pH	T081	C0020283
28527429	719	723	CCCP	T109	C0007043
28527429	731	736	Na(+)	T196	C0597484
28527429	764	782	transport of Na(+)	T043	C1159690
28527429	787	791	H(+)	T043	C1159576
28527429	810	814	NdR2	T116,T123	C0035499
28527429	830	848	H(+) concentration	T081	C0020283
28527429	867	872	Na(+)	T196	C0597484
28527429	920	922	KM	T081	C1706312
28527429	937	939	pH	T081	C0020283
28527429	958	960	pH	T081	C0020283
28527429	999	1014	Na(+) transport	T043	C1159690
28527429	1029	1043	H(+) transport	T043	C1159576
28527429	1047	1051	NdR2	T116,T123	C0035499
28527429	1089	1107	H(+) pump activity	T116,T126	C0018440
28527429	1111	1113	pH	T081	C0020283
28527429	1120	1139	Kinetic experiments	T070	C0022702
28527429	1146	1154	pyranine	T109,T130	C0072651
28527429	1177	1181	H(+)	T196	C0033727
28527429	1205	1209	H(+)	T196	C0033727
28527429	1237	1247	time scale	T079	C0040223
28527429	1256	1261	Na(+)	T196	C0597484
28527429	1266	1280	K(+) solutions	T123,T196	C0032821
28527429	1299	1303	NdR2	T116,T123	C0035499
28527429	1324	1334	functional	T169	C0205245
28527429	1339	1346	kinetic	T070	C0022702
28527429	1365	1378	ion transport	T043	C0162585
28527429	1379	1388	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28527429	1392	1404	light-driven	T044	C1159580
28527429	1405	1416	Na(+) pumps	T043	C1159690

28527513|t|Enzymatic biosynthesis of novel neobavaisoflavone glucosides via Bacillus UDP - glycosyltransferase
28527513|a|The present study was designed to perform structural modifications of of neobavaisoflavone (NBIF), using an in vitro enzymatic glycosylation reaction, in order to improve its water-solubility. Two novel glucosides of NBIF were obtained from an enzymatic glycosylation by UDP - glycosyltransferase. The glycosylated products were elucidated by LC-MS, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR analysis. The HPLC peaks were integrated and the concentrations in sample solutions were calculated. The MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxic activity of compounds in cancer cell lines. Based on the spectroscopic analyses, the two novel glucosides were identified as neobavaisoflavone-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and neobavaisoflavone-4', 7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). Additionally, the water-solubilities of compounds 1 and 2 were approximately 175.1- and 4 031.9-fold higher than that of the substrate, respectively. Among the test compounds, only NBIF exhibited weak cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 63.47 to 72.81 µmol·L(-1). These results suggest that in vitro enzymatic glycosylation is a powerful approach to structural modification, improving water-solubility.
28527513	0	22	Enzymatic biosynthesis	T044	C0596522
28527513	26	31	novel	T080	C0205314
28527513	32	60	neobavaisoflavone glucosides	T109,T121	C2934343
28527513	65	73	Bacillus	T007	C0004587
28527513	74	77	UDP	T114,T123	C0041986
28527513	80	99	glycosyltransferase	T116,T126	C0085249
28527513	142	166	structural modifications	T104	C3890228
28527513	173	190	neobavaisoflavone	T109,T121	C2934343
28527513	192	196	NBIF	T109,T121	C2934343
28527513	208	216	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28527513	217	226	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28527513	227	249	glycosylation reaction	T070	C0017982
28527513	263	270	improve	T033	C0184511
28527513	275	291	water-solubility	T081	C0597682
28527513	297	302	novel	T080	C0205314
28527513	303	313	glucosides	T109	C0017765
28527513	317	321	NBIF	T109,T121	C2934343
28527513	344	353	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28527513	354	367	glycosylation	T070	C0017982
28527513	371	374	UDP	T114,T123	C0041986
28527513	377	396	glycosyltransferase	T116,T126	C0085249
28527513	402	423	glycosylated products	T109,T121	C2934343
28527513	443	448	LC-MS	T059	C0872318
28527513	450	459	HR-ESI-MS	T059	C0596495
28527513	465	477	NMR analysis	T070	C0028580
28527513	483	487	HPLC	T059	C0008562
28527513	488	493	peaks	T080	C0444505
28527513	518	532	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28527513	536	552	sample solutions	T167	C0037633
28527513	558	568	calculated	T052	C1441506
28527513	574	583	MTT assay	T059	C0201596
28527513	607	625	cytotoxic activity	T049	C0596402
28527513	629	638	compounds	T080	C0205198
28527513	642	659	cancer cell lines	T025	C0085983
28527513	674	687	spectroscopic	T090	C2713504
28527513	688	696	analyses	T062	C0936012
28527513	706	711	novel	T080	C0205314
28527513	712	722	glucosides	T109	C0017765
28527513	742	788	neobavaisoflavone-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1)	T109,T121	C2934343
28527513	793	845	neobavaisoflavone-4', 7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2)	T109,T121	C2934343
28527513	865	883	water-solubilities	T081	C0597682
28527513	887	904	compounds 1 and 2	T109,T121	C2934343
28527513	948	954	higher	T080	C0205250
28527513	972	981	substrate	T167	C3891814
28527513	1012	1021	compounds	T080	C0205198
28527513	1028	1032	NBIF	T109,T121	C2934343
28527513	1043	1047	weak	T080	C1762617
28527513	1048	1060	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28527513	1074	1097	human cancer cell lines	T025	C0085983
28527513	1104	1115	IC50 values	T081	C0600495
28527513	1183	1191	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28527513	1192	1201	enzymatic	T116,T126	C0014442
28527513	1202	1215	glycosylation	T070	C0017982
28527513	1242	1265	structural modification	T061	C0581602
28527513	1267	1276	improving	T080	C1272745
28527513	1277	1293	water-solubility	T081	C0597682

28527621|t|Physical activity patterns and associations with health-related quality of life in bladder cancer survivors
28527621|a|Physical activity has been shown to significantly improve health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and survivorship in a variety of patients with cancer. However, little is known about the physical activity patterns of bladder cancer survivors and how these are related to HRQOL in the United States. Our objective was to describe self-reported physical activity patterns and HRQOL and examine the association between these measures in a large cohort of bladder cancer survivors. In this cross-sectional study, long-term bladder cancer survivors identified through an institutional database were mailed a survey that included the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Bladder Cancer (FACT-BL) and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Associations between HRQOL, as assessed by the FACT-BL, and physical activity, as assessed by the IPAQ, were examined by stratified analyses of HRQOL by different levels of physical activity, proportional odds ordinal logistic regression models, and local polynomial regression models. A total of 472 subjects (49% response rate) completed the survey. The mean age was 74 years; 81% were male and 87% were white. The median total weekly physical activity was 2,794 MET-min. Subjects reporting " high " physical activity had a median FACT-BL score of 129 compared with 119 among those reporting " low " physical activity, a statistically and clinically significant difference. Similarly, subjects reporting " high " physical activity had a 2.2-fold increased odds of reporting higher global HRQOL compared with subjects reporting " low " physical activity. This large cohort of bladder cancer survivors reported high levels of physical activity. Physical activity was positively associated with HRQOL. Further studies investigating the causal relationship between physical activity and HRQOL in the posttreatment setting in bladder cancer survivors are warranted.
28527621	0	17	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	18	26	patterns	T055	C0018464
28527621	31	43	associations	T080	C0439849
28527621	49	79	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
28527621	83	97	bladder cancer	T191	C0005695
28527621	98	107	survivors	T101	C1516231
28527621	108	125	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	158	165	improve	T033	C0184511
28527621	166	196	health-related quality of life	T078	C4279947
28527621	198	203	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
28527621	209	221	survivorship	T079	C0038955
28527621	238	246	patients	T101	C0030705
28527621	252	258	cancer	T191	C0006826
28527621	269	275	little	T081	C0700321
28527621	295	312	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	313	321	patterns	T055	C0018464
28527621	325	339	bladder cancer	T191	C0005695
28527621	340	349	survivors	T101	C1516231
28527621	379	384	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
28527621	392	405	United States	T083	C0041703
28527621	451	468	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	469	477	patterns	T055	C0018464
28527621	482	487	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
28527621	492	499	examine	T033	C0332128
28527621	504	515	association	T080	C0439849
28527621	530	538	measures	T081	C0079809
28527621	544	549	large	T081	C0549177
28527621	550	556	cohort	T098	C0599755
28527621	560	574	bladder cancer	T191	C0005695
28527621	575	584	survivors	T101	C1516231
28527621	594	615	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28527621	617	626	long-term	T079	C0443252
28527621	627	641	bladder cancer	T191	C0005695
28527621	642	651	survivors	T101	C1516231
28527621	652	662	identified	T080	C0205396
28527621	663	670	through	T169	C0332273
28527621	688	696	database	T170	C0242356
28527621	711	717	survey	T170	C0038951
28527621	736	790	Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Bladder Cancer	T170	C3899181
28527621	792	799	FACT-BL	T170	C3899181
28527621	809	854	International Physical Activity Questionnaire	T170	C0282574
28527621	856	860	IPAQ	T170	C0282574
28527621	863	875	Associations	T080	C0439849
28527621	884	889	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
28527621	894	902	assessed	T052	C1516048
28527621	910	917	FACT-BL	T170	C3899181
28527621	923	940	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	945	953	assessed	T052	C1516048
28527621	961	965	IPAQ	T170	C0282574
28527621	972	980	examined	T033	C0332128
28527621	1007	1012	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
28527621	1016	1032	different levels	T080	C0441889
28527621	1036	1053	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	1055	1107	proportional odds ordinal logistic regression models	T170	C0282574
28527621	1113	1147	local polynomial regression models	T170	C0282574
28527621	1178	1191	response rate	T079	C0237629
28527621	1207	1213	survey	T170	C0038951
28527621	1219	1227	mean age	T033	C0243095
28527621	1251	1255	male	T032	C0086582
28527621	1269	1274	white	T080	C0220938
28527621	1280	1286	median	T081	C0876920
28527621	1300	1317	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	1328	1335	MET-min	T081	C4288759
28527621	1337	1355	Subjects reporting	T062	C0011000
28527621	1358	1362	high	T080	C0205250
28527621	1365	1382	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	1389	1395	median	T081	C0876920
28527621	1396	1403	FACT-BL	T170	C3899181
28527621	1404	1409	score	T081	C0449820
28527621	1447	1456	reporting	T062	C0011000
28527621	1459	1462	low	T080	C0205251
28527621	1465	1482	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	1486	1499	statistically	T081	C0237881
28527621	1504	1526	clinically significant	T033	C2826293
28527621	1527	1537	difference	T080	C1705242
28527621	1550	1568	subjects reporting	T062	C0011000
28527621	1571	1575	high	T080	C0205250
28527621	1578	1595	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	1653	1658	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
28527621	1673	1691	subjects reporting	T062	C0011000
28527621	1694	1697	low	T080	C0205251
28527621	1700	1717	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	1724	1729	large	T081	C0549177
28527621	1730	1736	cohort	T098	C0599755
28527621	1740	1754	bladder cancer	T191	C0005695
28527621	1755	1764	survivors	T101	C1516231
28527621	1774	1785	high levels	T080	C0441889
28527621	1789	1806	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	1808	1825	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	1830	1840	positively	T033	C3843166
28527621	1857	1862	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
28527621	1880	1893	investigating	T169	C1292732
28527621	1898	1917	causal relationship	T080	C0439849
28527621	1926	1943	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28527621	1948	1953	HRQOL	T078	C4279947
28527621	1961	1974	posttreatment	T079	C2709088
28527621	1986	2000	bladder cancer	T191	C0005695
28527621	2001	2010	survivors	T101	C1516231

28527954|t|Sex differences in the effect of chronic mild stress on mouse prefrontal cortical BDNF levels: A role of major ovarian hormones
28527954|a|Depression induced by stress is affected by sex, age and hormonal status of the animal and also by duration and type of the stressors. Moreover, higher prevalence of depression and comorbidities in women than men implies the need to include the sex variable in studies on animal models of depression. The present study was therefore initiated to evaluate the effect of sex and ovarian hormones on depression -like phenotypes in mice exposed to a 21-day Chronic Variable Mild Stress (CVMS) paradigm. Adult male, intact female and, ovariectomized (OVX) female mice exposed to CVMS displayed despair behavior, a depression -like phenotype, in all the groups. However, intact females alone, but not males and OVX females, showed anhedonia, another depression -like phenotype. At the molecular level, the expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), a neuropeptide associated with depression, and few other stress -specific genes CRH, NR3C1, CART, and NPY were measured in the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) region of the reward circuitry. There was a significant decrease in the BDNF protein expression along with an increase in the mRNA expression of CRH, NR3C1, CART, and NPY in intact females, but not in the other two groups of mice. OVX females resembled males in behavioral and molecular responses to CVMS. 17β-Estradiol (E2) administration, not Progesterone (P4), to OVX female stress mice, mitigated despair and enhanced hedonic capacity with an increased expression of BDNF in PFC. This study strengthens the evidence for the beneficial effects of E2 administration in stress condition.
28527954	0	15	Sex differences	T032	C0036866
28527954	23	32	effect of	T080	C1704420
28527954	33	52	chronic mild stress	UnknownType	C1510527
28527954	56	61	mouse	T015	C0025929
28527954	62	81	prefrontal cortical	T023	C0162783
28527954	82	86	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
28527954	111	127	ovarian hormones	T109,T121,T125	C0729511
28527954	128	138	Depression	T048	C0011570
28527954	139	146	induced	T169	C0205263
28527954	150	156	stress	T033	C0038435
28527954	172	175	sex	T032	C1522384
28527954	177	180	age	T032	C0001779
28527954	185	193	hormonal	T080	C0458083
28527954	208	214	animal	T008	C0003062
28527954	227	235	duration	T079	C0449238
28527954	252	261	stressors	T078	C0597530
28527954	294	304	depression	T048	C0011570
28527954	309	322	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28527954	326	331	women	T098	C0043210
28527954	337	340	men	T098	C0025266
28527954	373	376	sex	T032	C1522384
28527954	400	413	animal models	T008	C0599779
28527954	417	427	depression	T048	C0011570
28527954	487	496	effect of	T080	C1704420
28527954	497	500	sex	T032	C1522384
28527954	505	521	ovarian hormones	T109,T121,T125	C0729511
28527954	525	535	depression	T048	C0011570
28527954	542	552	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28527954	556	560	mice	T015	C0025929
28527954	581	609	Chronic Variable Mild Stress	UnknownType	C1510527
28527954	611	615	CVMS	UnknownType	C1510527
28527954	617	625	paradigm	T062	C0242481
28527954	627	632	Adult	T100	C0001675
28527954	633	637	male	T032	C0086582
28527954	639	652	intact female	T033	C3687560
28527954	658	685	ovariectomized (OVX) female	T033	C3687559
28527954	686	690	mice	T015	C0025929
28527954	702	706	CVMS	UnknownType	C1510527
28527954	725	733	behavior	T053	C0004927
28527954	737	747	depression	T048	C0011570
28527954	754	763	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28527954	793	807	intact females	T033	C3687560
28527954	823	828	males	T032	C0086582
28527954	833	844	OVX females	T033	C3687559
28527954	853	862	anhedonia	T048	C0178417
28527954	872	882	depression	T048	C0011570
28527954	889	898	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28527954	907	922	molecular level	T081	C0596958
28527954	928	938	expression	T045	C1171362
28527954	942	975	Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor	T116,T123	C0107103
28527954	977	981	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
28527954	986	998	neuropeptide	T116,T123	C0027895
28527954	999	1014	associated with	T080	C0332281
28527954	1015	1025	depression	T048	C0011570
28527954	1041	1047	stress	T033	C0038435
28527954	1058	1063	genes	T028	C0017337
28527954	1064	1067	CRH	T028	C1366488
28527954	1069	1074	NR3C1	T028	C1334899
28527954	1076	1080	CART	T028	C1824528
28527954	1086	1089	NPY	T028	C1417815
28527954	1111	1128	Prefrontal Cortex	T023	C0162783
28527954	1130	1133	PFC	T023	C0162783
28527954	1207	1211	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
28527954	1212	1230	protein expression	T045	C1171362
28527954	1261	1276	mRNA expression	T045	C1515670
28527954	1280	1283	CRH	T028	C1366488
28527954	1285	1290	NR3C1	T028	C1334899
28527954	1292	1296	CART	T028	C1824528
28527954	1302	1305	NPY	T028	C1417815
28527954	1309	1323	intact females	T033	C3687560
28527954	1360	1364	mice	T015	C0025929
28527954	1366	1377	OVX females	T033	C3687559
28527954	1388	1393	males	T032	C0086582
28527954	1397	1407	behavioral	T033	C0243095
28527954	1412	1431	molecular responses	T033	C4054479
28527954	1435	1439	CVMS	UnknownType	C1510527
28527954	1441	1454	17β-Estradiol	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
28527954	1456	1458	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
28527954	1460	1474	administration	T061	C1533734
28527954	1480	1492	Progesterone	T109,T121,T125	C0033308
28527954	1494	1496	P4	T109,T121,T125	C0033308
28527954	1502	1512	OVX female	T033	C3687559
28527954	1513	1519	stress	T033	C0038435
28527954	1520	1524	mice	T015	C0025929
28527954	1592	1602	expression	T045	C1171362
28527954	1606	1610	BDNF	T116,T123	C0107103
28527954	1614	1617	PFC	T023	C0162783
28527954	1674	1684	effects of	T080	C1704420
28527954	1685	1687	E2	T109,T121,T125	C0014912
28527954	1688	1702	administration	T061	C1533734
28527954	1706	1712	stress	T033	C0038435

28528178|t|Expanding biological activities of Ts19 Frag-II toxin: Insights into IL-17 production
28528178|a|Tityus serrulatus (Ts) venom is composed of a mixture of toxins presenting diverse biological functions. However, although this venom has been studied over the past three decades, omics analysis revealed that most of its toxins are not identified or their biological activities are unknown. Ts19 Frag-II is included is this group, which function is still uncertain. This study aimed to expand the biological activities of Ts19 Frag-II through in vivo investigation. Our results demonstrates that mice challenged with Ts19 Frag-II presented biochemical alterations, increasing serum levels of urea, ALT and β-globulin, besides decreasing γ-globulins. Moreover, this toxin was also able to induce immunological alterations, increasing NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17, being considered a proinflammatory toxin. The increase of IL-17 was unprecedented regarding Ts toxins and could be a result of the overall produced-effect of cells of innate immunity (neutrophils, monocytes, natural killers and lymphoid tissue inducers - LTis) cells) as well as of adaptive immunity (Th17 cells). This study expanded the biological activities of Ts19 Frag-II, suggesting that this toxin could be contributing to the Ts envenoming through alterations of biochemical parameters as well as triggering the inflammatory response.
28528178	10	31	biological activities	T038	C3714634
28528178	35	53	Ts19 Frag-II toxin	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	69	74	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28528178	75	85	production	T040	C3159141
28528178	86	103	Tityus serrulatus	T204	C0563464
28528178	105	107	Ts	T204	C0563464
28528178	109	114	venom	T123,T131	C0036450
28528178	143	149	toxins	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	169	189	biological functions	T038	C3714634
28528178	214	219	venom	T123,T131	C0036450
28528178	229	236	studied	T062	C2603343
28528178	257	264	decades	T081	C2981279
28528178	266	280	omics analysis	T062	C0936012
28528178	307	313	toxins	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	342	363	biological activities	T038	C3714634
28528178	377	389	Ts19 Frag-II	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	457	462	study	T062	C2603343
28528178	483	504	biological activities	T038	C3714634
28528178	508	520	Ts19 Frag-II	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	529	536	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28528178	537	550	investigation	T062	C2603343
28528178	556	563	results	T169	C1274040
28528178	582	586	mice	T015	C0025929
28528178	603	615	Ts19 Frag-II	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	626	637	biochemical	T044	C1704259
28528178	638	649	alterations	T078	C1515926
28528178	662	682	serum levels of urea	T034	C2945624
28528178	684	687	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28528178	692	702	β-globulin	T116,T123	C0005157
28528178	723	734	γ-globulins	T116,T129	C0017007
28528178	751	756	toxin	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	781	806	immunological alterations	T033	C4061464
28528178	819	821	NO	T121,T123,T197	C0028128
28528178	823	827	IL-6	T116,T129	C0021760
28528178	829	834	TNF-α	T116,T129	C1456820
28528178	839	844	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28528178	865	886	proinflammatory toxin	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	904	909	IL-17	T116,T129	C0384648
28528178	938	940	Ts	T204	C0563464
28528178	941	947	toxins	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	963	969	result	T169	C1274040
28528178	1004	1009	cells	T025	C0007634
28528178	1013	1028	innate immunity	T032	C0020969
28528178	1030	1041	neutrophils	T025	C0027950
28528178	1043	1052	monocytes	T025	C0026473
28528178	1054	1069	natural killers	T025	C0022688
28528178	1074	1098	lymphoid tissue inducers	T025	C0007634
28528178	1101	1105	LTis	T025	C0007634
28528178	1107	1112	cells	T025	C0007634
28528178	1128	1145	adaptive immunity	T039	C0678209
28528178	1147	1157	Th17 cells	T025	C2936411
28528178	1165	1170	study	T062	C2603343
28528178	1184	1205	biological activities	T038	C3714634
28528178	1209	1221	Ts19 Frag-II	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	1244	1249	toxin	T123,T131	C0040549
28528178	1279	1281	Ts	T204	C0563464
28528178	1282	1292	envenoming	T037	C0032343
28528178	1301	1312	alterations	T078	C1515926
28528178	1316	1338	biochemical parameters	T077	C0549193
28528178	1350	1360	triggering	T080	C1444748
28528178	1365	1386	inflammatory response	T046	C1155266

28528555|t|Development and Evaluation of the ADHD Cognitions Scale for Adults
28528555|a|The clinical literature on ADHD in adults suggests that " overly positive " or optimistic cognitions may contribute to impairment and failure to use self-regulation skills in this population, yet the research literature on this topic is limited. We developed the ADHD Cognitions Scale (ACS), a brief self-report measure of ADHD -related thoughts, and evaluated its psychometric properties. We collected self-report measures, inculding the ACS, from two large community samples (Ns = 262, 304). The measure demonstrated a one-factor solution that replicated in the second sample. Evidence of good internal consistency and also convergent and divergent validity was obtained for both samples. Scores on the ACS correlated with functional impairment, time management problems, and avoidant coping strategies. With additional study, the ACS may be useful to identify and track maladaptive ADHD -related cognitions during cognitive-behavioral treatment, and to further study the role of these thoughts in ADHD -related impairment.
28528555	0	11	Development	T169	C1527148
28528555	16	26	Evaluation	T062	C0015194
28528555	34	38	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28528555	34	55	ADHD Cognitions Scale	T170	C0451081
28528555	60	66	Adults	T100	C0001675
28528555	71	90	clinical literature	T170	C0023866
28528555	94	98	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28528555	102	108	adults	T100	C0001675
28528555	125	140	overly positive	T041	C0009240
28528555	146	167	optimistic cognitions	T041	C0563183
28528555	186	196	impairment	T169	C0221099
28528555	201	208	failure	T055	C0680095
28528555	216	238	self-regulation skills	T055	C0678856
28528555	247	257	population	T098	C1257890
28528555	267	275	research	T062	C0035168
28528555	276	286	literature	T170	C0023866
28528555	330	334	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28528555	330	351	ADHD Cognitions Scale	T170	C0451081
28528555	353	356	ACS	T170	C0451081
28528555	367	378	self-report	T062	C2700446
28528555	379	386	measure	T081	C0079809
28528555	390	394	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28528555	404	412	thoughts	T041	C0039869
28528555	432	455	psychometric properties	T080	C0871161
28528555	470	481	self-report	T062	C2700446
28528555	482	490	measures	T081	C0079809
28528555	506	509	ACS	T170	C0451081
28528555	526	543	community samples	T096	C0009462
28528555	588	607	one-factor solution	T081	C0392762
28528555	613	623	replicated	T169	C0205173
28528555	638	644	sample	T096	C0009462
28528555	663	683	internal consistency	T081	C0870731
28528555	693	703	convergent	T080	C1510594
28528555	708	726	divergent validity	T080	C1510603
28528555	749	756	samples	T096	C0009462
28528555	758	764	Scores	T081	C0449820
28528555	772	775	ACS	T170	C0451081
28528555	792	813	functional impairment	T033	C4062321
28528555	815	839	time management problems	T033	C0033213
28528555	845	860	avoidant coping	T033	C0231426
28528555	861	871	strategies	T041	C0679199
28528555	889	894	study	T062	C2603343
28528555	900	903	ACS	T170	C0451081
28528555	940	951	maladaptive	T033	C0562443
28528555	952	956	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28528555	966	976	cognitions	T041	C0009240
28528555	984	1014	cognitive-behavioral treatment	T061	C0009244
28528555	1031	1036	study	T062	C2603343
28528555	1055	1063	thoughts	T041	C0039869
28528555	1067	1071	ADHD	T048	C1263846
28528555	1067	1091	ADHD -related impairment	T033	C4062321

28528624|t|Root Cause Analysis of Adverse Events in an Outpatient Anticoagulation Management Consortium
28528624|a|A number of factors can lead to adverse events (AEs) in patients taking warfarin. Performing a root cause analysis (RCA) of serious AEs is one systematic way of determining the causes of these events. Multidisciplinary teams were formed at Michigan Anticoagulation Quality Improvement Initiative (MAQI(2)) sites with organized anticoagulation management services (AMS). Medical records from patients who suffered serious AEs (major bleed, embolic stroke, venous thromboembolism) were reviewed, and AMS staff were interviewed to determine the root cause using the "5 Whys" technique. More than 600 patients had an AE and underwent screening by trained RNs. Of these, 79 required full review by a multidisciplinary panel. All potential contributing factors (comorbidities, concurrent medications, current protocols) were assessed to determine the main factor that caused the AE. Full RCA was completed in 79 cases. The main contributing factor was identified in 69/79 (87%) cases. Most identified AEs, 55/69 (80%), were due to patient - specific factors such as comorbidities. Patient -to- provider and provider -to- provider communication accounted for 16/69 (23%) of events and was the second most common cause. Other causes included protocol non-adherence and technology / equipment issues. After each detailed review, the multidisciplinary panel recommended system changes that addressed the primary cause. The majority of severe AEs for patients taking warfarin were related to nonmodifiable patient -related issues. The remaining AEs were primarily due to patient -to- provider and provider -to- provider communication issues. Methods for improving communication need to be addressed, and methods for more effective patient education should be investigated.
28528624	0	19	Root Cause Analysis	T080	C3179036
28528624	23	37	Adverse Events	T046	C0877248
28528624	44	54	Outpatient	T101	C0029921
28528624	55	70	Anticoagulation	T033	C2919015
28528624	71	81	Management	T058	C0376636
28528624	82	92	Consortium	T097	C1513822
28528624	105	112	factors	T169	C1521761
28528624	125	139	adverse events	T046	C0877248
28528624	141	144	AEs	T046	C0877248
28528624	149	157	patients	T101	C0030705
28528624	165	173	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
28528624	188	207	root cause analysis	T080	C3179036
28528624	209	212	RCA	T080	C3179036
28528624	225	228	AEs	T046	C0877248
28528624	236	250	systematic way	T169	C0220922
28528624	270	276	causes	T169	C0015127
28528624	286	292	events	T046	C0877248
28528624	294	317	Multidisciplinary teams	T096	C0871489
28528624	333	341	Michigan	T083	C0025939
28528624	420	455	anticoagulation management services	T092	C0282196
28528624	457	460	AMS	T092	C0282196
28528624	463	478	Medical records	T170	C0025102
28528624	484	492	patients	T101	C0030705
28528624	514	517	AEs	T046	C0877248
28528624	519	530	major bleed	T046	C3160769
28528624	532	546	embolic stroke	T047	C0262469
28528624	548	570	venous thromboembolism	T047	C1861172
28528624	577	585	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28528624	591	594	AMS	T092	C0282196
28528624	595	600	staff	T097	C0851286
28528624	606	617	interviewed	T052	C0021822
28528624	635	645	root cause	T169	C0015127
28528624	656	674	"5 Whys" technique	T170	C0282574
28528624	690	698	patients	T101	C0030705
28528624	706	708	AE	T046	C0877248
28528624	723	732	screening	T058	C0220908
28528624	744	747	RNs	T097	C1522486
28528624	776	782	review	T078	C1552617
28528624	788	811	multidisciplinary panel	T078	C0441833
28528624	840	847	factors	T169	C1521761
28528624	849	862	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28528624	864	874	concurrent	T079	C0205420
28528624	875	886	medications	T058	C2081612
28528624	896	905	protocols	T170	C0442711
28528624	912	920	assessed	T052	C1516048
28528624	943	949	factor	T169	C1521761
28528624	966	968	AE	T046	C0877248
28528624	975	978	RCA	T080	C3179036
28528624	999	1004	cases	T077	C1706256
28528624	1028	1034	factor	T169	C1521761
28528624	1039	1049	identified	T080	C0205396
28528624	1065	1070	cases	T077	C1706256
28528624	1077	1087	identified	T080	C0205396
28528624	1088	1091	AEs	T046	C0877248
28528624	1118	1125	patient	T101	C0030705
28528624	1128	1136	specific	T080	C0205369
28528624	1137	1144	factors	T169	C1521761
28528624	1153	1166	comorbidities	T078	C0009488
28528624	1168	1175	Patient	T101	C0030705
28528624	1181	1189	provider	T097	C0018724
28528624	1194	1202	provider	T097	C0018724
28528624	1208	1216	provider	T097	C0018724
28528624	1217	1230	communication	T054	C0009452
28528624	1260	1266	events	T046	C0877248
28528624	1298	1303	cause	T169	C0015127
28528624	1311	1317	causes	T169	C0015127
28528624	1327	1335	protocol	T170	C0442711
28528624	1336	1349	non-adherence	T080	C0205556
28528624	1354	1364	technology	T058	C0752189
28528624	1367	1376	equipment	T073	C0014672
28528624	1377	1383	issues	T033	C0033213
28528624	1405	1411	review	T078	C1552617
28528624	1417	1440	multidisciplinary panel	T078	C0441833
28528624	1453	1459	system	T093	C0018696
28528624	1460	1467	changes	T169	C0392747
28528624	1487	1494	primary	T080	C0205225
28528624	1495	1500	cause	T169	C0015127
28528624	1518	1524	severe	T080	C0205082
28528624	1525	1528	AEs	T046	C0877248
28528624	1533	1541	patients	T101	C0030705
28528624	1549	1557	warfarin	T109,T121,T131	C0043031
28528624	1574	1587	nonmodifiable	T080	C0205556
28528624	1588	1595	patient	T101	C0030705
28528624	1605	1611	issues	T033	C0033213
28528624	1627	1630	AEs	T046	C0877248
28528624	1653	1660	patient	T101	C0030705
28528624	1666	1674	provider	T097	C0018724
28528624	1679	1687	provider	T097	C0018724
28528624	1693	1701	provider	T097	C0018724
28528624	1702	1715	communication	T054	C0009452
28528624	1716	1722	issues	T033	C0033213
28528624	1724	1731	Methods	T169	C0025664
28528624	1746	1759	communication	T054	C0009452
28528624	1786	1793	methods	T169	C0025664
28528624	1813	1830	patient education	T065	C0030688
28528624	1841	1853	investigated	T169	C1292732

28529121|t|Patient-centred care and shared decision-making in Chile: Rising momentum for progress and implementation in clinical practice
28529121|a|The Chilean legislation establishes that patients have rights and responsibilities in regards to their healthcare. This is an important statement as it declares that people must be informed and become actively involved in their care; meanwhile, the health system needs to coordinate the provision of personalised and effective services. Although patient-centred care (PCC) and shared decision-making (SDM) are relatively new concepts in Chile, the country is experiencing an interesting political momentum to create more interventions to achieve PCC and SDM and explore clinical implementation. Currently, research efforts in Chile have focused on better understanding the state of the art related to both concepts and how new clinical approaches could help to operationalize them.
28529121	0	20	Patient-centred care	T058	C0017313
28529121	25	47	shared decision-making	T041	C3179495
28529121	51	56	Chile	T083	C0008107
28529121	78	86	progress	T169	C1280477
28529121	91	105	implementation	T052	C1708476
28529121	109	126	clinical practice	T057	C0205897
28529121	131	138	Chilean	T098	C0239045
28529121	139	150	legislation	T089	C0018719
28529121	168	176	patients	T101	C0030705
28529121	182	188	rights	T078	C0030706
28529121	230	240	healthcare	T058	C0086388
28529121	263	272	statement	T078	C1710187
28529121	293	299	people	T098	C0027361
28529121	355	359	care	T058	C0086388
28529121	376	389	health system	T093	C0018696
28529121	454	462	services	T058	C0199168
28529121	473	493	patient-centred care	T058	C0017313
28529121	495	498	PCC	T058	C0017313
28529121	504	526	shared decision-making	T041	C3179495
28529121	528	531	SDM	T041	C3179495
28529121	552	560	concepts	T078	C0178566
28529121	564	569	Chile	T083	C0008107
28529121	575	582	country	T083	C0454664
28529121	648	661	interventions	T058	C1273869
28529121	673	676	PCC	T058	C0017313
28529121	681	684	SDM	T041	C3179495
28529121	697	705	clinical	T080	C0205210
28529121	706	720	implementation	T052	C1708476
28529121	753	758	Chile	T083	C0008107
28529121	833	841	concepts	T078	C0178566
28529121	854	873	clinical approaches	T061	C0008971

28529546|t|Disease management programs for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Germany: a longitudinal population-based descriptive study
28529546|a|The primary aim of the disease management program (DMP) for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 is to improve the quality of health care and the treatment process. 12 years after its introduction in Germany, there is still no consensus as to whether DMP has been effective in reaching these goals. A retrospective longitudinal population-based study between 2004 and 2015 were conducted to evaluate the DMP for type 2 diabetes in Bavaria using routinely collected patient medical records hold from the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians of Bavaria. During the first 12 years of DMP, the number of participants increased continually to reach 580,222 in 2015. The proportion of participants older than 70 years increased during the observation from 41.6 to 51.1%. The percentage of smokers increased slightly from 9 to 11%. Similarly, the distribution of body mass index remained with approximately 50% of patients having a body mass index >30 kg/m(2). Control of HbA1c was without an appreciable change over the course, with between 8.3 and 9.4% of all patients with uncontrolled values higher than 8.5%. Prescription of metformin increased from 40.5% in 2004 to 54.1% in 2015. Among patients receiving insulin, the proportion receiving a combined therapy with metformin increased from 28.4% in 2004 to 50.8% in 2015. In contrast, the percentage with insulin monotherapy decreased from 55.4 to 33.7%. The proportion of patients with a diabetic education increased within the course from 12.8 to 29.3%. Data from the German DMP for type 2 diabetes demonstrates an improvement in the quality of care with respect to pharmacotherapy and patient education and therefore to an improved adherence to guidelines. However, no appreciable improvement was observed with regard to smoking status, obesity or HbA1c control.
28529546	0	27	Disease management programs	T061	C1303150
28529546	32	40	patients	T101	C0030705
28529546	46	70	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28529546	74	81	Germany	T083	C0017480
28529546	85	97	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
28529546	98	132	population-based descriptive study	T062	C1709599
28529546	137	144	primary	T080	C0205225
28529546	145	148	aim	T078	C1947946
28529546	156	182	disease management program	T061	C1303150
28529546	184	187	DMP	T061	C1303150
28529546	193	201	patients	T101	C0030705
28529546	207	231	diabetes mellitus type 2	T047	C0011860
28529546	238	245	improve	T033	C0184511
28529546	250	257	quality	T080	C0332306
28529546	261	272	health care	T058	C0086388
28529546	281	298	treatment process	T169	C1522326
28529546	303	308	years	T079	C0439234
28529546	319	331	introduction	T169	C0579004
28529546	335	342	Germany	T083	C0017480
28529546	386	389	DMP	T061	C1303150
28529546	399	408	effective	T080	C1280519
28529546	436	449	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28529546	450	462	longitudinal	T082	C0205127
28529546	463	485	population-based study	T062	C1709599
28529546	526	534	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28529546	539	542	DMP	T061	C1303150
28529546	547	562	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28529546	566	573	Bavaria	UnknownType	C0681784
28529546	600	607	patient	T101	C0030705
28529546	608	623	medical records	T170	C0025102
28529546	638	688	National Association of Statutory Health Insurance	T058	C0027452
28529546	689	699	Physicians	T097	C0031831
28529546	703	710	Bavaria	UnknownType	C0681784
28529546	732	737	years	T079	C0439234
28529546	741	744	DMP	T061	C1303150
28529546	750	756	number	T081	C0237753
28529546	760	772	participants	T098	C0679646
28529546	773	782	increased	T081	C0205217
28529546	825	835	proportion	T081	C1709707
28529546	839	851	participants	T098	C0679646
28529546	866	871	years	T079	C0439234
28529546	872	881	increased	T081	C0205217
28529546	893	904	observation	T169	C1441672
28529546	929	939	percentage	T081	C0439165
28529546	943	950	smokers	T033	C0337664
28529546	951	960	increased	T081	C0205217
28529546	1000	1012	distribution	T169	C1704711
28529546	1016	1031	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28529546	1046	1059	approximately	T080	C0332232
28529546	1067	1075	patients	T101	C0030705
28529546	1085	1100	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28529546	1114	1121	Control	T169	C2587213
28529546	1125	1130	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28529546	1158	1164	change	T169	C0392747
28529546	1174	1180	course	T079	C0750729
28529546	1215	1223	patients	T101	C0030705
28529546	1229	1241	uncontrolled	T080	C0205318
28529546	1249	1255	higher	T080	C0205250
28529546	1267	1279	Prescription	T058	C0033080
28529546	1283	1292	metformin	T109,T121	C0025598
28529546	1293	1302	increased	T081	C0205217
28529546	1346	1354	patients	T101	C0030705
28529546	1365	1372	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28529546	1378	1388	proportion	T081	C1709707
28529546	1401	1417	combined therapy	T061	C0009429
28529546	1423	1432	metformin	T109,T121	C0025598
28529546	1433	1442	increased	T081	C0205217
28529546	1497	1507	percentage	T081	C0439165
28529546	1513	1520	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28529546	1521	1532	monotherapy	T061	C0087111
28529546	1533	1542	decreased	T081	C0205216
28529546	1567	1577	proportion	T081	C1709707
28529546	1581	1589	patients	T101	C0030705
28529546	1597	1615	diabetic education	T058	C0204935
28529546	1616	1625	increased	T081	C0205217
28529546	1637	1643	course	T079	C0750729
28529546	1664	1668	Data	T078	C1511726
28529546	1678	1684	German	T083	C0017480
28529546	1685	1688	DMP	T061	C1303150
28529546	1693	1708	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28529546	1725	1736	improvement	T077	C2986411
28529546	1744	1759	quality of care	T058	C0034379
28529546	1776	1791	pharmacotherapy	T061	C0013216
28529546	1796	1813	patient education	T065	C0030688
28529546	1834	1842	improved	T077	C2986411
28529546	1843	1852	adherence	T169	C1510802
28529546	1856	1866	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28529546	1892	1903	improvement	T077	C2986411
28529546	1908	1916	observed	T169	C1441672
28529546	1932	1946	smoking status	T201	C1519386
28529546	1948	1955	obesity	T047	C0028754
28529546	1959	1964	HbA1c	T116,T123	C0019018
28529546	1965	1972	control	T169	C2587213

28530664|t|Flexible information routing by transient synchrony
28530664|a|Perception, cognition and behavior rely on flexible communication between microcircuits in distinct cortical regions. The mechanisms underlying rapid information rerouting between such microcircuits are still unknown. It has been proposed that changing patterns of coherence between local gamma rhythms support flexible information rerouting. The stochastic and transient nature of gamma oscillations in vivo, however, is hard to reconcile with such a function. Here we show that models of cortical circuits near the onset of oscillatory synchrony selectively route input signals despite the short duration of gamma bursts and the irregularity of neuronal firing. In canonical multiarea circuits, we find that gamma bursts spontaneously arise with matched timing and frequency and that they organize information flow by large-scale routing states. Specific self-organized routing states can be induced by minor modulations of background activity.
28530664	0	8	Flexible	T080	C0443220
28530664	9	20	information	T078	C1533716
28530664	21	28	routing	T067	C1522240
28530664	32	41	transient	T079	C0205374
28530664	42	51	synchrony	T060	C0010114
28530664	52	62	Perception	T041	C0030971
28530664	64	73	cognition	T041	C0009240
28530664	78	91	behavior rely	T053	C0004927
28530664	95	103	flexible	T080	C0443220
28530664	104	117	communication	T054	C0009452
28530664	126	139	microcircuits	UnknownType	C0814033
28530664	152	168	cortical regions	T029	C0005898
28530664	174	184	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28530664	202	213	information	T078	C1533716
28530664	214	223	rerouting	T067	C1522240
28530664	237	250	microcircuits	UnknownType	C0814033
28530664	296	304	changing	T169	C0392747
28530664	317	326	coherence	T080	C0205556
28530664	335	354	local gamma rhythms	T042	C3850154
28530664	363	371	flexible	T080	C0443220
28530664	372	383	information	T078	C1533716
28530664	384	393	rerouting	T067	C1522240
28530664	399	409	stochastic	T081	C0038347
28530664	414	423	transient	T079	C0205374
28530664	424	430	nature	T080	C0205556
28530664	434	452	gamma oscillations	T061	C0695434
28530664	453	460	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28530664	482	491	reconcile	UnknownType	C0677371
28530664	504	512	function	T169	C0542341
28530664	532	538	models	T075	C0026336
28530664	542	559	cortical circuits	UnknownType	C0814033
28530664	578	589	oscillatory	T061	C0695434
28530664	590	599	synchrony	T060	C0010114
28530664	612	617	route	T067	C1522240
28530664	618	631	input signals	T067	C1710082
28530664	644	658	short duration	T080	C0439593
28530664	662	674	gamma bursts	T042	C1254358
28530664	683	695	irregularity	T080	C0205271
28530664	699	714	neuronal firing	T042	C1254358
28530664	719	747	canonical multiarea circuits	T023	C0229962
28530664	762	774	gamma bursts	T042	C1254358
28530664	775	788	spontaneously	T169	C0205359
28530664	800	807	matched	T080	C1708943
28530664	808	814	timing	T079	C0449243
28530664	819	828	frequency	T079	C0439603
28530664	843	851	organize	T169	C1300196
28530664	852	868	information flow	T042	C1254358
28530664	872	898	large-scale routing states	T067	C1522240
28530664	909	923	self-organized	T169	C1300196
28530664	924	938	routing states	T067	C1522240
28530664	946	953	induced	T169	C0205263
28530664	963	974	modulations	T169	C0205245
28530664	989	997	activity	T052	C0441655

28530715|t|Nanofluidic device for continuous multiparameter quality assurance of biologics
28530715|a|Process analytical technology (PAT) is critical for the manufacture of high - quality biologics as it enables continuous, real-time and on-line/at-line monitoring during biomanufacturing processes. The conventional analytical tools currently used have many restrictions to realizing the PAT of current and future biomanufacturing. Here we describe a nanofluidic device for the continuous monitoring of biologics ' purity and bioactivity with high sensitivity, resolution and speed. Periodic and angled nanofilter arrays served as the molecular sieve structures to conduct a continuous size -based analysis of biologics. A multiparameter quality monitoring of three separate commercial biologic samples within 50 minutes has been demonstrated, with 20 µl of sample consumption, inclusive of dead volume in the reservoirs. Additionally, a proof-of-concept prototype system, which integrates an on-line sample-preparation system and the nanofluidic device, was demonstrated for at-line monitoring. Thus, the system is ideal for on-site monitoring, and the real-time quality assurance of biologics throughout the biomanufacturing processes.
28530715	0	18	Nanofluidic device	T074	C0025080
28530715	23	33	continuous	T078	C0549178
28530715	34	48	multiparameter	T077	C0549193
28530715	49	66	quality assurance	T057	C0178932
28530715	70	79	biologics	T121,T123	C0005522
28530715	80	109	Process analytical technology	T090	C0039421
28530715	111	114	PAT	T090	C0039421
28530715	136	147	manufacture	T057	C0870840
28530715	151	155	high	T080	C0205250
28530715	158	165	quality	T080	C0332306
28530715	166	175	biologics	T121,T123	C0005522
28530715	190	200	continuous	T078	C0549178
28530715	202	211	real-time	T079	C1550177
28530715	216	242	on-line/at-line monitoring	T052	C0441655
28530715	250	276	biomanufacturing processes	T067	C1522240
28530715	282	294	conventional	T080	C0439858
28530715	295	311	analytical tools	T170	C0178476
28530715	367	370	PAT	T090	C0039421
28530715	393	409	biomanufacturing	T067	C1522240
28530715	430	448	nanofluidic device	T074	C0025080
28530715	457	467	continuous	T078	C0549178
28530715	468	478	monitoring	T052	C0441655
28530715	482	491	biologics	T121,T123	C0005522
28530715	494	500	purity	UnknownType	C0678739
28530715	505	516	bioactivity	T080	C0205556
28530715	522	526	high	T080	C0205250
28530715	527	538	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28530715	540	550	resolution	T081	C1706463
28530715	555	560	speed	T081	C0678536
28530715	582	599	nanofilter arrays	T082	C1510941
28530715	614	640	molecular sieve structures	T082	C0678594
28530715	654	664	continuous	T078	C0549178
28530715	665	669	size	T082	C0456389
28530715	677	685	analysis	T062	C0936012
28530715	689	698	biologics	T121,T123	C0005522
28530715	702	716	multiparameter	T077	C0549193
28530715	717	724	quality	T080	C0332306
28530715	725	735	monitoring	T052	C0441655
28530715	765	773	biologic	T121,T123	C0005522
28530715	774	781	samples	T167	C0370003
28530715	837	855	sample consumption	T039	C1947907
28530715	870	881	dead volume	T077	C1707639
28530715	889	899	reservoirs	T073	C1705182
28530715	917	933	proof-of-concept	T078	C3887511
28530715	934	950	prototype system	T170	C3161035
28530715	980	1005	sample-preparation system	T073	C1704459
28530715	1014	1032	nanofluidic device	T074	C0025080
28530715	1055	1073	at-line monitoring	T052	C0441655
28530715	1085	1091	system	T073	C1704459
28530715	1105	1123	on-site monitoring	T052	C0441655
28530715	1133	1142	real-time	T079	C1550177
28530715	1143	1160	quality assurance	T057	C0178932
28530715	1164	1173	biologics	T121,T123	C0005522
28530715	1189	1215	biomanufacturing processes	T067	C1522240

28531851|t|Comparative life cycle assessment study on environmental impact of oil production from micro-algae and terrestrial oilseed crops
28531851|a|In this study the LCA methodology is applied in order to satisfy two goals: i) to evaluate the hot spots in site-specific production chain of biodiesel from terrestrial and micro-algae feedstock; ii) to compare quantitatively, utilizing primary data, the impacts of the first generation in respect to the third generation bio-fuels. Results show that micro-algae are neither competitive yet with traditional oil crops nor with fossil fuel. The use of renewable technologies as photovoltaics and biogas self production might increase the competitiveness of micro-algae oil. Further investigations are however necessary to optimize their production chain and to increase the added value of co-products.
28531851	12	22	life cycle	T079	C0023675
28531851	23	39	assessment study	T062	C2603343
28531851	43	63	environmental impact	T067	C0282165
28531851	67	70	oil	T109	C0028908
28531851	71	81	production	T057	C0033268
28531851	87	98	micro-algae	T204	C0002028
28531851	103	114	terrestrial	T082	C0562020
28531851	115	128	oilseed crops	T002	C0242775
28531851	147	162	LCA methodology	T059	C0201683
28531851	224	233	hot spots	T082	C1521990
28531851	237	250	site-specific	T082	C0449604
28531851	251	261	production	T057	C0033268
28531851	271	280	biodiesel	T109	C2717894
28531851	286	297	terrestrial	T082	C0562020
28531851	302	313	micro-algae	T204	C0002028
28531851	314	323	feedstock	T168	C0003050
28531851	340	354	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
28531851	366	378	primary data	T078	C2827398
28531851	451	460	bio-fuels	T109	C2717891
28531851	480	491	micro-algae	T204	C0002028
28531851	537	540	oil	T109	C0028908
28531851	541	546	crops	T002	C0242775
28531851	556	567	fossil fuel	T167	C0016613
28531851	580	589	renewable	T169	C3178762
28531851	590	602	technologies	T090	C0039421
28531851	606	619	photovoltaics	T090	C0039421
28531851	624	630	biogas	T109	C2717893
28531851	636	646	production	T057	C0033268
28531851	666	681	competitiveness	T057	C0013550
28531851	685	696	micro-algae	T204	C0002028
28531851	697	700	oil	T109	C0028908
28531851	710	724	investigations	T170	C1552578
28531851	765	775	production	T057	C0033268
28531851	817	828	co-products	T071	C1514468

28531873|t|Randomized control trial investigating the efficacy of a computer-based intolerance of uncertainty intervention
28531873|a|Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is an important transdiagnostic variable within various anxiety and mood disorders. Theory suggests that individuals high in IU interpret ambiguous information in a more threatening manner. A parallel line of research has shown that interpretive biases can be modified through cognitive training and previous research aimed at modifying negative interpretations through Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM-I) has yielded promising results. Despite these findings, no research to date has examined the efficacy of an IU -focused CBM-I paradigm. The current study investigated the impact of a brief IU -focused CBM-I on reductions in IU. Participants selected for a high IU interpretation bias (IU - IB) were randomly assigned to an active (IU CBM-I) or control CBM-I condition. Results indicated that our active IU CBM-I was associated with significant changes in IU - IB from pre-to-post intervention as well as with significant reductions in IU at post-intervention and month-one follow-up. Findings also found that the IU CBM-I led to reductions in IU self-report via the hypothesized mechanism. This study is the first to provide evidence that a CBM-I focused on IU is effective in reducing IU - IB and IU across time and suggest that IU CBM-I paradigms may be a novel prevention / intervention treatment for anxiety.
28531873	0	24	Randomized control trial	T062	C0206035
28531873	25	38	investigating	T169	C1292732
28531873	43	51	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28531873	57	71	computer-based	T169	C0870325
28531873	72	111	intolerance of uncertainty intervention	T077	C1254372
28531873	112	138	Intolerance of uncertainty	T077	C1254372
28531873	140	142	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	160	184	transdiagnostic variable	T033	C0243095
28531873	200	207	anxiety	T048	C0003469
28531873	212	226	mood disorders	T048	C0525045
28531873	249	260	individuals	T098	C0027361
28531873	261	265	high	T080	C0205250
28531873	269	271	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	282	303	ambiguous information	T078	C1533716
28531873	314	325	threatening	T041	C0015726
28531873	353	361	research	T062	C0035168
28531873	377	396	interpretive biases	T169	C1285553
28531873	421	439	cognitive training	T061	C1868940
28531873	453	461	research	T062	C0035168
28531873	481	505	negative interpretations	T170	C0459471
28531873	514	541	Cognitive Bias Modification	T061	C0841584
28531873	543	548	CBM-I	T061	C0841584
28531873	595	603	findings	T033	C0243095
28531873	608	616	research	T062	C0035168
28531873	642	650	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28531873	657	659	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	669	674	CBM-I	T061	C0841584
28531873	675	683	paradigm	T062	C0681797
28531873	703	715	investigated	T169	C1292732
28531873	738	740	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	750	755	CBM-I	T061	C0841584
28531873	759	769	reductions	T080	C0392756
28531873	773	775	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	777	789	Participants	T098	C0679646
28531873	810	812	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	813	832	interpretation bias	T033	C0420833
28531873	834	836	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	839	841	IB	T033	C0420833
28531873	848	865	randomly assigned	UnknownType	C0814868
28531873	880	882	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	883	888	CBM-I	T061	C0841584
28531873	893	906	control CBM-I	T061	C0841584
28531873	918	925	Results	T169	C1274040
28531873	918	925	Results	T169	C1274040
28531873	952	954	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	955	960	CBM-I	T061	C0841584
28531873	1004	1006	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	1009	1011	IB	T033	C0420833
28531873	1017	1041	pre-to-post intervention	T079	C0449238
28531873	1070	1080	reductions	T080	C0392756
28531873	1084	1086	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	1090	1107	post-intervention	T170	C2347647
28531873	1112	1131	month-one follow-up	T033	C0420334
28531873	1133	1141	Findings	T033	C0243095
28531873	1162	1164	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	1165	1170	CBM-I	T061	C0841584
28531873	1178	1188	reductions	T080	C0392756
28531873	1192	1194	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	1195	1206	self-report	T062	C2700446
28531873	1215	1237	hypothesized mechanism	T078	C1512571
28531873	1290	1295	CBM-I	T061	C0841584
28531873	1307	1309	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	1326	1334	reducing	T080	C0392756
28531873	1335	1337	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	1340	1342	IB	T033	C0420833
28531873	1347	1349	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	1379	1381	IU	T077	C1254372
28531873	1382	1387	CBM-I	T061	C0841584
28531873	1388	1397	paradigms	T062	C0681797
28531873	1413	1423	prevention	T061	C0199176
28531873	1426	1438	intervention	T061	C0184661
28531873	1439	1460	treatment for anxiety	T061	C0741150

28532107|t|Comparison of electrospun and solvent cast polylactic acid (PLA)/ poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) inserts as potential ocular drug delivery vehicles
28532107|a|The purpose of this work was to develop, characterize and compare electrospun nanofiber inserts (ENIs) and solvent cast polymeric inserts (SCIs) for ocular drug delivery. ENI and SCI of 1%, 5% and 10% w/w dexamethasone were fabricated using a blend of poly-lactic acid (PLA) and poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA). Inserts were characterized for morphology, thickness, pH, drug content, drug crystallinity, in vitro drug release, sterility, dimethylformamide (DMF) and chloroform content, and cytotoxicity. The thickness of 1%, 5%, and 10% dexamethasone -loaded ENIs were found to be 50μm, 62.5μm, and 93.3μm, respectively, with good folding endurance. SCIs were brittle, with thickness values >200μm. Drug release rates from 1%, 5% and 10% ENIs were found to be 0.62μg/h, 1.46μg/h, and 2.30μg/h, respectively, while those from SCIs were erratic. DMF content in ENIs and SCIs were 0.007% w/w and 0.123% w/w, respectively, while chloroform was not detected. No cytotoxicity was observed from ENIs in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells for up to 24h. We conclude that ENIs are better than SCIs and could be utilized as a potential delivery system for treating anterior segment ocular diseases.
28532107	0	10	Comparison	T052	C1707455
28532107	14	25	electrospun	T067	C1254366
28532107	30	42	solvent cast	T067	C1254366
28532107	43	58	polylactic acid	T109,T122	C0071443
28532107	60	63	PLA	T109,T122	C0071443
28532107	66	85	poly(vinyl alcohol)	T122	C0032623
28532107	87	90	PVA	T122	C0032623
28532107	92	99	inserts	T122	C0005479
28532107	113	119	ocular	T023	C0015392
28532107	120	142	drug delivery vehicles	T122	C0042444
28532107	209	230	electrospun nanofiber	T073	C1881960
28532107	231	238	inserts	T122	C0005479
28532107	240	244	ENIs	T073	C1881960
28532107	250	262	solvent cast	T067	C1254366
28532107	263	272	polymeric	T104,T122	C0032521
28532107	273	280	inserts	T122	C0005479
28532107	282	286	SCIs	T104,T122	C0032521
28532107	292	298	ocular	T023	C0015392
28532107	299	312	drug delivery	T074	C0085104
28532107	314	317	ENI	T073	C1881960
28532107	322	325	SCI	T104,T122	C0032521
28532107	348	361	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28532107	367	377	fabricated	T067	C1254366
28532107	386	391	blend	T068	C0678946
28532107	395	411	poly-lactic acid	T109,T122	C0071443
28532107	413	416	PLA	T109,T122	C0071443
28532107	422	440	poly-vinyl alcohol	T122	C0032623
28532107	442	445	PVA	T122	C0032623
28532107	448	455	Inserts	T122	C0005479
28532107	479	489	morphology	T080	C0332437
28532107	491	500	thickness	T080	C1280412
28532107	502	504	pH	T081	C0020283
28532107	506	518	drug content	T077	C0456205
28532107	520	538	drug crystallinity	T080	C0205556
28532107	540	548	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28532107	549	561	drug release	T070	C3850077
28532107	563	572	sterility	T080	C0232920
28532107	574	591	dimethylformamide	T109,T130	C0012426
28532107	593	596	DMF	T109,T130	C0012426
28532107	602	612	chloroform	T109,T130,T131	C0008238
28532107	613	620	content	T077	C0456205
28532107	626	638	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28532107	644	653	thickness	T080	C1280412
28532107	673	686	dexamethasone	T109,T121	C0011777
28532107	695	699	ENIs	T073	C1881960
28532107	767	784	folding endurance	T033	C0518031
28532107	786	790	SCIs	T104,T122	C0032521
28532107	796	803	brittle	T033	C3810845
28532107	810	819	thickness	T080	C1280412
28532107	835	847	Drug release	T070	C3850077
28532107	848	853	rates	T081	C1521828
28532107	874	878	ENIs	T073	C1881960
28532107	961	965	SCIs	T104,T122	C0032521
28532107	980	983	DMF	T109,T130	C0012426
28532107	984	991	content	T077	C0456205
28532107	995	999	ENIs	T073	C1881960
28532107	1004	1008	SCIs	T104,T122	C0032521
28532107	1061	1071	chloroform	T109,T130,T131	C0008238
28532107	1076	1088	not detected	T033	C0442737
28532107	1090	1092	No	T033	C1513916
28532107	1093	1105	cytotoxicity	T049	C0596402
28532107	1124	1128	ENIs	T073	C1881960
28532107	1132	1140	cultured	T025	C0007635
28532107	1141	1147	bovine	T015	C3667982
28532107	1148	1173	corneal endothelial cells	T025	C0225336
28532107	1206	1210	ENIs	T073	C1881960
28532107	1227	1231	SCIs	T104,T122	C0032521
28532107	1269	1284	delivery system	T074	C0085104
28532107	1289	1297	treating	T169	C1522326
28532107	1298	1314	anterior segment	T082	C0348014
28532107	1315	1330	ocular diseases	T047	C0015397

28532323|t|Quantitative regulation of histone variant H2A.Z during cell cycle by ubiquitin proteasome system and SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases
28532323|a|Quantitative control of histones and histone variants during cell cycle is relevant to their epigenetic functions. We found that the level of yeast histone variant H2A.Z in the G2/M-phase is actively kept low by the ubiquitin proteasome system and SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases. Overexpression of H2A.Z induced defects in mitotic progression, suggesting functional importance of this quantitative control.
28532323	0	12	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28532323	13	23	regulation	T038	C1327622
28532323	27	48	histone variant H2A.Z	T116,T123	C4284633
28532323	49	55	during	T079	C0347984
28532323	56	66	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
28532323	70	97	ubiquitin proteasome system	T044	C1523807
28532323	102	133	SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases	T026	C2247240
28532323	134	146	Quantitative	T081	C0392762
28532323	147	154	control	T169	C2587213
28532323	158	166	histones	T116,T123	C0019652
28532323	171	187	histone variants	T116,T123	C1529369
28532323	188	194	during	T079	C0347984
28532323	195	205	cell cycle	T043	C0007586
28532323	209	217	relevant	T080	C2347946
28532323	227	247	epigenetic functions	T043	C1160465
28532323	267	272	level	T080	C0441889
28532323	276	303	yeast histone variant H2A.Z	T116,T123	C4284633
28532323	311	321	G2/M-phase	T043	C3824600
28532323	325	333	actively	T169	C0205177
28532323	350	377	ubiquitin proteasome system	T044	C1523807
28532323	382	413	SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases	T026	C2247240
28532323	415	429	Overexpression	T045	C1514559
28532323	433	438	H2A.Z	T116,T123	C4284633
28532323	439	477	induced defects in mitotic progression	T043	C1155864
28532323	479	489	suggesting	T078	C1705535
28532323	490	500	functional	T169	C0205245
28532323	501	511	importance	T080	C3898777
28532323	520	532	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28532323	533	540	control	T169	C2587213

28532359|t|Visual Confidence
28532359|a|Visual confidence refers to an observer's ability to judge the accuracy of her perceptual decisions. Even though confidence judgments have been recorded since the early days of psychophysics, only recently have they been recognized as essential for a deeper understanding of visual perception. The reluctance to study visual confidence may have come in part from obtaining convincing experimental evidence in favor of metacognitive abilities rather than just perceptual sensitivity. Some effort has thus been dedicated to offer different experimental paradigms to study visual confidence in humans and nonhuman animals. To understand the origins of confidence judgments, investigators have developed two competing frameworks. The approach based on signal decision theory is popular but fails to account for response times. In contrast, the approach based on accumulation of evidence models naturally includes the dynamics of perceptual decisions. These models can explain a range of results, including the apparently paradoxical dissociation between performance and confidence that is sometimes observed.
28532359	0	6	Visual	T169	C0234621
28532359	7	17	Confidence	T041	C1704726
28532359	18	24	Visual	T169	C0234621
28532359	25	35	confidence	T041	C1704726
28532359	49	59	observer's	T096	C0870992
28532359	60	67	ability	T032	C0085732
28532359	71	76	judge	T041	C0022423
28532359	81	89	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28532359	97	117	perceptual decisions	T041	C0679006
28532359	131	141	confidence	T041	C1704726
28532359	142	151	judgments	T041	C0022423
28532359	195	208	psychophysics	T091	C0033930
28532359	293	310	visual perception	T041	C0042830
28532359	336	342	visual	T169	C0234621
28532359	343	353	confidence	T041	C1704726
28532359	402	423	experimental evidence	T078	C3887511
28532359	436	459	metacognitive abilities	T041	C0589513
28532359	477	499	perceptual sensitivity	T041	C0312418
28532359	556	578	experimental paradigms	T062	C0681797
28532359	582	587	study	T062	C2603343
28532359	588	594	visual	T169	C0234621
28532359	595	605	confidence	T041	C1704726
28532359	609	615	humans	T016	C0086418
28532359	620	636	nonhuman animals	T008	C0003062
28532359	656	663	origins	T079	C0439659
28532359	667	677	confidence	T041	C1704726
28532359	678	687	judgments	T041	C0022423
28532359	689	702	investigators	T097	C0035173
28532359	766	788	signal decision theory	T170	C0011114
28532359	804	809	fails	T169	C0231175
28532359	825	839	response times	T079	C0034746
28532359	892	900	evidence	T078	C3887511
28532359	901	907	models	T170	C3161035
28532359	931	939	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28532359	943	963	perceptual decisions	T041	C0679006
28532359	971	977	models	T170	C3161035
28532359	1001	1008	results	T169	C1274040
28532359	1035	1046	paradoxical	T080	C0205310
28532359	1047	1059	dissociation	T048	C0086168
28532359	1068	1079	performance	T055	C0597198
28532359	1084	1094	confidence	T041	C1704726

28532624|t|Tyrphostin AG-related compounds attenuate H2O2 - induced TRPM2 - dependent and - independent cellular responses
28532624|a|TRPM2 is a Ca(2+)-permeable channel that is activated by H2O2. TRPM2 -mediated Ca(2+) signaling has been implicated in the aggravation of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the development of TRPM2 inhibitors to prevent the aggravation of these diseases is expected. We recently reported that some Tyrphostin AG-related compounds inhibited the H2O2 - induced activation of TRPM2 by scavenging the intracellular hydroxyl radical. In the present study, we examined the effects of AG-related compounds on H2O2 - induced cellular responses in human monocytic U937 cells, which functionally express TRPM2. The effects of AG-related compounds on H2O2 - induced changes in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, and CXCL8 secretion were assessed using U937 cells. Ca(2+) influxes via TRPM2 in response to H2O2 were blocked by AG-related compounds. AG-related compounds also inhibited the H2O2 - induced activation of ERK, and subsequent secretion of CXCL8 mediated by TRPM2 - dependent and - independent mechanisms. Our results show that AG-related compounds inhibit H2O2 - induced CXCL8 secretion following ERK activation, which is mediated by TRPM2 - dependent and - independent mechanisms in U937 cells. We previously reported that AG-related compounds blocked H2O2 - induced TRPM2 activation by scavenging the hydroxyl radical. The inhibitory effects of AG-related compounds on TRPM2 - independent responses may be due to scavenging of the hydroxyl radical.
28532624	0	31	Tyrphostin AG-related compounds	T121	C1254351
28532624	42	46	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28532624	49	56	induced	T169	C0205263
28532624	57	62	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	65	74	dependent	T080	C0851827
28532624	81	92	independent	T169	C0332291
28532624	93	101	cellular	T025	C0007634
28532624	102	111	responses	T032	C0871261
28532624	112	117	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	123	147	Ca(2+)-permeable channel	T116,T123	C0006685
28532624	156	165	activated	T052	C1879547
28532624	169	173	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28532624	175	180	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	191	207	Ca(2+) signaling	T043	C0600431
28532624	235	246	aggravation	T033	C0541889
28532624	250	271	inflammatory diseases	T047	C1290884
28532624	288	299	development	T169	C1527148
28532624	303	308	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	309	319	inhibitors	T121	C0033671
28532624	335	346	aggravation	T033	C0541889
28532624	356	364	diseases	T047	C0012634
28532624	409	440	Tyrphostin AG-related compounds	T121	C1254351
28532624	441	450	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28532624	455	459	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28532624	462	469	induced	T169	C0205263
28532624	470	480	activation	T052	C1879547
28532624	484	489	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	493	538	scavenging the intracellular hydroxyl radical	T044	C3537124
28532624	578	588	effects of	T080	C1704420
28532624	589	609	AG-related compounds	T121	C1254351
28532624	613	617	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28532624	620	627	induced	T169	C0205263
28532624	628	636	cellular	T025	C0007634
28532624	637	646	responses	T032	C0871261
28532624	650	655	human	T016	C0086418
28532624	656	665	monocytic	T025	C0026473
28532624	666	676	U937 cells	T025	C0600531
28532624	684	696	functionally	T169	C0205245
28532624	697	704	express	T045	C1171362
28532624	705	710	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	716	726	effects of	T080	C1704420
28532624	727	747	AG-related compounds	T121	C1254351
28532624	751	755	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28532624	758	765	induced	T169	C0205263
28532624	766	773	changes	T169	C0392747
28532624	777	790	intracellular	T082	C0178719
28532624	791	797	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28532624	798	812	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28532624	814	851	extracellular signal-regulated kinase	T116,T126	C0600388
28532624	853	856	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28532624	858	868	activation	T052	C1879547
28532624	874	879	CXCL8	T116,T123	C1698756
28532624	880	889	secretion	T043	C1159339
28532624	910	920	U937 cells	T025	C0600531
28532624	922	937	Ca(2+) influxes	T043	C3158761
28532624	942	947	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	963	967	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28532624	973	980	blocked	T046	C0028778
28532624	984	1004	AG-related compounds	T121	C1254351
28532624	1006	1026	AG-related compounds	T121	C1254351
28532624	1032	1041	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28532624	1046	1050	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28532624	1053	1060	induced	T169	C0205263
28532624	1061	1071	activation	T052	C1879547
28532624	1075	1078	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28532624	1095	1104	secretion	T043	C1159339
28532624	1108	1113	CXCL8	T116,T123	C1698756
28532624	1126	1131	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	1134	1143	dependent	T080	C0851827
28532624	1150	1161	independent	T169	C0332291
28532624	1162	1172	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28532624	1196	1216	AG-related compounds	T121	C1254351
28532624	1217	1224	inhibit	T080	C0311403
28532624	1225	1229	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28532624	1232	1239	induced	T169	C0205263
28532624	1240	1245	CXCL8	T116,T123	C1698756
28532624	1246	1255	secretion	T043	C1159339
28532624	1266	1269	ERK	T116,T126	C0600388
28532624	1270	1280	activation	T052	C1879547
28532624	1303	1308	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	1311	1320	dependent	T080	C0851827
28532624	1327	1338	independent	T169	C0332291
28532624	1339	1349	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28532624	1353	1363	U937 cells	T025	C0600531
28532624	1393	1413	AG-related compounds	T121	C1254351
28532624	1414	1421	blocked	T046	C0028778
28532624	1422	1426	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28532624	1429	1436	induced	T169	C0205263
28532624	1437	1442	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	1443	1453	activation	T052	C1879547
28532624	1457	1488	scavenging the hydroxyl radical	T044	C3537124
28532624	1494	1504	inhibitory	T052	C3463820
28532624	1505	1512	effects	T080	C1280500
28532624	1516	1536	AG-related compounds	T121	C1254351
28532624	1540	1545	TRPM2	T116,T192	C1505166
28532624	1548	1559	independent	T169	C0332291
28532624	1560	1569	responses	T032	C0871261
28532624	1584	1618	scavenging of the hydroxyl radical	T044	C3537124

28532629|t|Shared decision making in the UK: Moving towards wider uptake
28532629|a|Shared decision making (SDM) is firmly on the policy agenda in the UK and a recent legal ruling has confirmed its importance. Policymakers, ethicists, professional regulators and societies, patient organisations and now the courts are committed to ensuring that SDM becomes the norm throughout the NHS, but an unfavourable economic climate makes this especially challenging. Considerable progress has been made over the last few years, with new learning from demonstration sites, various initiatives in capacity building and training, wider availability of patient decision aids, and important leadership initiatives. Enthusiasm for this way of working is growing among clinicians, patients and managers, but it could be undermined if SDM comes to be seen primarily as a means of cost control.
28532629	0	22	Shared decision making	T041	C3179495
28532629	30	32	UK	T083	C0041700
28532629	62	84	Shared decision making	T041	C3179495
28532629	86	89	SDM	T041	C3179495
28532629	108	114	policy	T170	C0242456
28532629	115	121	agenda	T170	C0681473
28532629	129	131	UK	T083	C0041700
28532629	145	150	legal	T169	C1301860
28532629	151	157	ruling	T064	C0022424
28532629	188	200	Policymakers	T097	C0242170
28532629	202	211	ethicists	T097	C0086267
28532629	213	236	professional regulators	T097	C1522486
28532629	241	250	societies	T092	C0037455
28532629	252	273	patient organisations	T092	C1561598
28532629	286	292	courts	T092	C0178572
28532629	324	327	SDM	T041	C3179495
28532629	340	344	norm	T080	C0205307
28532629	360	363	NHS	T058	C0027462
28532629	385	401	economic climate	UnknownType	C0683773
28532629	450	458	progress	T169	C1280477
28532629	491	496	years	T079	C0439234
28532629	507	515	learning	T041	C0023185
28532629	521	534	demonstration	T054	C0237560
28532629	535	540	sites	T082	C0205145
28532629	550	561	initiatives	T041	C0424093
28532629	565	582	capacity building	T058	C2718026
28532629	587	595	training	T065	C0220931
28532629	619	626	patient	T101	C0030705
28532629	627	640	decision aids	T170	C0086104
28532629	656	666	leadership	T054	C0023181
28532629	667	678	initiatives	T041	C0424093
28532629	680	690	Enthusiasm	T041	C0424090
28532629	707	714	working	T057	C0043227
28532629	732	742	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28532629	744	752	patients	T101	C0030705
28532629	757	765	managers	T097	C0335141
28532629	797	800	SDM	T041	C3179495
28532629	833	838	means	T077	C1704970
28532629	842	854	cost control	T064	C0010176

28532645|t|Identification of a novel PSEN1 mutation (Leu232Pro) in a Korean patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease and a family history of dementia
28532645|a|In the present study, a novel mutation in exon 7 of presenilin 1 (Leu232Pro) was discovered in a Korean patient with early-onset Alzheimer's disease, who represented memory decline at 37 years of age, followed by impairment in spatial activity and concentrations and personality changes. Imaging analyses with magnetic resonance scan showed diffuse atrophy in the frontoparietal regions. Targeted next generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing identified a heterozygous T to C transition at position 695 (c.695T>C) of in presenilin 1 gene (PSEN1), resulting in a novel missense mutation at codon 232 from leucine to proline (L232P). Several family members of the patient developed dementia, suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance; however, we were unable to perform a segregation analysis to confirm this. Since the proline may play a role as a helix breaker, this mutation could significantly disturb the transmembrane helix domain-V of PSEN1 and perturb its protein functions. This hypothesis was supported by the results from the in silico analyses, predicted a major kink on this helix. Several leucine > proline substitutions in other PSEN1 transmembrane helices revealed aggressive AD phenotypes. Future functional studies would be needed to evaluate the pathogenicity of this mutation in AD.
28532645	26	31	PSEN1	T028	C1418985
28532645	32	40	mutation	T045	C0596611
28532645	42	51	Leu232Pro	T087	C0002518
28532645	58	64	Korean	T098	C1556095
28532645	65	72	patient	T101	C0030705
28532645	78	109	early-onset Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0750901
28532645	116	130	family history	T033	C0241889
28532645	134	142	dementia	T048	C0497327
28532645	173	181	mutation	T045	C0596611
28532645	185	191	exon 7	T114,T123	C0015295
28532645	195	207	presenilin 1	T028	C1418985
28532645	209	218	Leu232Pro	T087	C0002518
28532645	224	234	discovered	T052	C1880355
28532645	240	246	Korean	T098	C1556095
28532645	247	254	patient	T101	C0030705
28532645	260	291	early-onset Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0750901
28532645	309	323	memory decline	T048	C0233794
28532645	330	342	years of age	T079	C1510829
28532645	356	366	impairment	T169	C0221099
28532645	370	386	spatial activity	UnknownType	C0814166
28532645	391	405	concentrations	T033	C0235198
28532645	410	429	personality changes	T184	C0240735
28532645	431	447	Imaging analyses	T060	C1881134
28532645	453	476	magnetic resonance scan	T060	C0024485
28532645	492	499	atrophy	T046	C0333641
28532645	507	529	frontoparietal regions	T029	C3496642
28532645	531	566	Targeted next generation sequencing	T063	C2936622
28532645	571	588	Sanger sequencing	T063	C1511897
28532645	602	614	heterozygous	T032	C0019425
28532645	615	648	T to C transition at position 695	T045	C0314627
28532645	650	658	c.695T>C	T045	C0314627
28532645	666	683	presenilin 1 gene	T028	C1418985
28532645	685	690	PSEN1	T028	C1418985
28532645	714	731	missense mutation	T045	C0599155
28532645	735	744	codon 232	T086	C0009221
28532645	750	776	leucine to proline (L232P)	T087	C0002518
28532645	786	800	family members	T099	C0086282
28532645	808	815	patient	T101	C0030705
28532645	826	834	dementia	T048	C0497327
28532645	850	880	autosomal dominant inheritance	T045	C0443147
28532645	919	939	segregation analysis	T062	C0936012
28532645	967	974	proline	T116,T123	C0033382
28532645	996	1001	helix	T082	C1704821
28532645	1002	1009	breaker	T123	C0574031
28532645	1016	1024	mutation	T045	C0596611
28532645	1057	1070	transmembrane	T026	C1167322
28532645	1071	1076	helix	T082	C1704821
28532645	1077	1085	domain-V	T087	C1514562
28532645	1089	1094	PSEN1	T028	C1418985
28532645	1111	1128	protein functions	T044	C1527118
28532645	1135	1145	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28532645	1187	1202	silico analyses	T062	C0936012
28532645	1222	1226	kink	T169	C0333177
28532645	1235	1240	helix	T082	C1704821
28532645	1250	1257	leucine	T116,T121,T123	C0023401
28532645	1260	1281	proline substitutions	T116,T123	C0033382
28532645	1291	1296	PSEN1	T028	C1418985
28532645	1297	1310	transmembrane	T026	C1167322
28532645	1311	1318	helices	T082	C1704821
28532645	1339	1341	AD	T047	C0750901
28532645	1342	1352	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28532645	1399	1407	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28532645	1412	1425	pathogenicity	T032	C1136169
28532645	1434	1442	mutation	T045	C0596611
28532645	1446	1448	AD	T047	C0750901

28532912|t|Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia; does the status of offending vessels influence on pain control or side effects?
28532912|a|To determine pain control and side effects after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for classical idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with or without neurovascular compression (NVC). This study included 47 patients with type 1 idiopathic TN and Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain class IV or V that were treated with GKRS, with maximal dose of 85 Gy targeting root entry zone, as a first-treatment modality between January 2005 and March 2015. A retrospective analysis was made of NVC status, pain control, side effects, recurrence, and cross-sectional area. During the median 21.5 months follow-up (range, 3-119 months), 36 (76.6%) patients showed good outcomes (improved to below BNI class IIIa). Twenty two patients did not show NVC (group A) and 25 had NVC present (group B). Good outcomes were not different in two groups (group A: 19/22; group B: 17/25)(p = 0.138). The numbers of cases in BNI class I or II, and recurrences were not different (p = 0.532, 0.786, respectively). The mean areas were 8.64 ± 2.59 mm3 in non-deviated cases (n = 27) and 2.59 ± 1.68 mm3 in deviated (n = 10). Side effects were significantly more frequent in deviated cases (8/10; 80%) than in non-deviated (7/27; 25.9%) (p = 0.003). NVC is not a predictive factor for pain control after GKRS for the treatment of idiopathic TN. Side effects may occur more frequently in patients with NVC at the target coordinate when a root entry zone is used, but the subjective symptoms are not always bothersome.
28532912	0	24	Gamma Knife Radiosurgery	T061	C0086330
28532912	29	60	Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia	T047	C0393786
28532912	81	98	offending vessels	T023	C0005847
28532912	99	108	influence	T077	C4054723
28532912	112	124	pain control	T061	C1304888
28532912	128	140	side effects	T046	C0879626
28532912	155	167	pain control	T061	C1304888
28532912	172	184	side effects	T046	C0879626
28532912	191	215	gamma knife radiosurgery	T061	C0086330
28532912	217	221	GKRS	T061	C0086330
28532912	237	268	idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia	T047	C0393786
28532912	270	272	TN	T047	C0393786
28532912	290	315	neurovascular compression	T047	C3160813
28532912	317	320	NVC	T047	C3160813
28532912	346	354	patients	T101	C0030705
28532912	360	366	type 1	T185	C0441729
28532912	367	380	idiopathic TN	T047	C0393786
28532912	385	414	Barrow Neurological Institute	T093	C0920545
28532912	416	419	BNI	T093	C0920545
28532912	421	425	pain	T184	C0030193
28532912	426	434	class IV	T185	C0008902
28532912	438	439	V	T185	C0008902
28532912	450	462	treated with	T061	C0332293
28532912	463	467	GKRS	T061	C0086330
28532912	474	486	maximal dose	T081	C0178602
28532912	496	505	targeting	T169	C1521840
28532912	506	521	root entry zone	T082	C1710706
28532912	528	543	first-treatment	T169	C1522326
28532912	544	552	modality	T078	C0695347
28532912	561	568	January	T080	C3829466
28532912	578	583	March	T079	C3829202
28532912	592	605	retrospective	T080	C1514923
28532912	606	614	analysis	T062	C0936012
28532912	627	630	NVC	T047	C3160813
28532912	631	637	status	T080	C0449438
28532912	639	651	pain control	T061	C1304888
28532912	653	665	side effects	T046	C0879626
28532912	667	677	recurrence	T067	C0034897
28532912	683	703	cross-sectional area	T082	C0552389
28532912	716	722	median	T082	C2939193
28532912	728	734	months	T079	C0439231
28532912	735	744	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28532912	759	765	months	T079	C0439231
28532912	779	787	patients	T101	C0030705
28532912	795	808	good outcomes	T169	C1274040
28532912	828	831	BNI	T093	C0920545
28532912	832	842	class IIIa	T185	C0008902
28532912	845	855	Twenty two	T081	C4284772
28532912	856	864	patients	T101	C0030705
28532912	878	881	NVC	T047	C3160813
28532912	883	890	group A	T185	C0441835
28532912	903	906	NVC	T047	C3160813
28532912	907	914	present	T033	C0150312
28532912	916	923	group B	T185	C0008902
28532912	926	939	Good outcomes	T169	C1274040
28532912	949	958	different	T080	C1705242
28532912	962	965	two	T081	C0205448
28532912	966	972	groups	T098	C1257890
28532912	974	981	group A	T185	C0441835
28532912	990	997	group B	T185	C0008902
28532912	1022	1029	numbers	T081	C0237753
28532912	1033	1038	cases	T077	C1706256
28532912	1042	1045	BNI	T093	C0920545
28532912	1046	1053	class I	T185	C0008902
28532912	1057	1059	II	T185	C0008902
28532912	1065	1076	recurrences	T067	C0034897
28532912	1086	1095	different	T080	C1705242
28532912	1182	1187	cases	T077	C1706256
28532912	1239	1251	Side effects	T046	C0879626
28532912	1257	1270	significantly	T078	C0750502
28532912	1271	1284	more frequent	T079	C0332183
28532912	1297	1302	cases	T077	C1706256
28532912	1363	1366	NVC	T047	C3160813
28532912	1376	1393	predictive factor	T170	C0683956
28532912	1398	1410	pain control	T061	C1304888
28532912	1417	1421	GKRS	T061	C0086330
28532912	1430	1439	treatment	T169	C1522326
28532912	1443	1456	idiopathic TN	T047	C0393786
28532912	1458	1470	Side effects	T046	C0879626
28532912	1481	1496	more frequently	T079	C0332183
28532912	1500	1508	patients	T101	C0030705
28532912	1514	1517	NVC	T047	C3160813
28532912	1525	1531	target	T169	C1521840
28532912	1532	1542	coordinate	T169	C0700114
28532912	1550	1565	root entry zone	T082	C1710706
28532912	1583	1602	subjective symptoms	T033	C2266644
28532912	1618	1628	bothersome	T033	C0243095

28533050|t|Dual-core steered non-rigid registration for multi-modal images via bi-directional image synthesis
28533050|a|In prostate cancer radiotherapy, computed tomography (CT) is widely used for dose planning purposes. However, because CT has low soft tissue contrast, it makes manual contouring difficult for major pelvic organs. In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides high soft tissue contrast, which makes it ideal for accurate manual contouring. Therefore, the contouring accuracy on CT can be significantly improved if the contours in MRI can be mapped to CT domain by registering MRI with CT of the same subject, which would eventually lead to high treatment efficacy. In this paper, we propose a bi-directional image synthesis based approach for MRI -to- CT pelvic image registration. First, we use patch-wise random forest with auto-context model to learn the appearance mapping from CT to MRI domain, and then vice versa. Consequently, we can synthesize a pseudo-MRI whose anatomical structures are exactly same with CT but with MRI -like appearance, and a pseudo-CT as well. Then, our MRI -to- CT registration can be steered in a dual manner, by simultaneously estimating two deformation pathways: 1) one from the pseudo-CT to the actual CT and 2) another from actual MRI to the pseudo-MRI. Next, a dual-core deformation fusion framework is developed to iteratively and effectively combine these two registration pathways by using complementary information from both modalities. Experiments on a dataset with real pelvic CT and MRI have shown improved registration performance of the proposed method by comparing it to the conventional registration methods, thus indicating its high potential of translation to the routine radiation therapy.
28533050	0	40	Dual-core steered non-rigid registration	T066	C2697663
28533050	45	63	multi-modal images	T170	C1704254
28533050	68	82	bi-directional	T080	C1706937
28533050	83	88	image	T170	C1704254
28533050	89	98	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28533050	102	117	prostate cancer	T191	C0376358
28533050	118	130	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28533050	132	151	computed tomography	T060	C0040405
28533050	153	155	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	176	180	dose	T081	C0178602
28533050	181	189	planning	T169	C1301732
28533050	217	219	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	224	227	low	T080	C0205251
28533050	228	239	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28533050	240	248	contrast	T080	C1979874
28533050	259	265	manual	T169	C0175674
28533050	266	276	contouring	T061	C1288294
28533050	291	296	major	T080	C0205164
28533050	297	310	pelvic organs	T023	C0230273
28533050	315	323	contrast	T080	C1979874
28533050	325	351	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28533050	353	356	MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	367	371	high	T080	C0205250
28533050	372	383	soft tissue	T024	C0225317
28533050	384	392	contrast	T080	C1979874
28533050	419	427	accurate	T080	C0443131
28533050	428	434	manual	T169	C0175674
28533050	435	445	contouring	T061	C1288294
28533050	462	472	contouring	T061	C1288294
28533050	473	481	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28533050	485	487	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	525	533	contours	T082	C0876954
28533050	537	540	MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	548	554	mapped	T170	C3858752
28533050	558	560	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	561	567	domain	T077	C1516778
28533050	571	582	registering	T066	C2697663
28533050	583	586	MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	592	594	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	607	614	subject	T096	C0681850
28533050	647	651	high	T080	C0205250
28533050	652	670	treatment efficacy	T080	C0087113
28533050	700	714	bi-directional	T080	C1706937
28533050	715	720	image	T170	C1704254
28533050	721	730	synthesis	T052	C1883254
28533050	737	745	approach	T169	C1292724
28533050	750	753	MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	759	761	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	762	768	pelvic	T023	C0030797
28533050	769	787	image registration	T066	C2697663
28533050	803	827	patch-wise random forest	T170	C0282574
28533050	833	851	auto-context model	T170	C3161035
28533050	855	860	learn	T041	C0023185
28533050	865	875	appearance	T080	C0700364
28533050	876	883	mapping	T052	C1283195
28533050	889	891	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	895	898	MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	899	905	domain	T077	C1516778
28533050	949	959	synthesize	T052	C1883254
28533050	962	972	pseudo-MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	979	1000	anatomical structures	T017	C0700276
28533050	1023	1025	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	1035	1038	MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	1045	1055	appearance	T080	C0700364
28533050	1063	1072	pseudo-CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	1092	1095	MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	1101	1103	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	1104	1116	registration	T066	C2697663
28533050	1137	1148	dual manner	T080	C0205556
28533050	1153	1167	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
28533050	1168	1178	estimating	T081	C0750572
28533050	1183	1203	deformation pathways	T077	C1705987
28533050	1221	1230	pseudo-CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	1238	1244	actual	T080	C0237400
28533050	1245	1247	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	1268	1274	actual	T080	C0237400
28533050	1275	1278	MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	1286	1296	pseudo-MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	1306	1344	dual-core deformation fusion framework	T077	C1254372
28533050	1407	1419	registration	T066	C2697663
28533050	1420	1428	pathways	T077	C1705987
28533050	1438	1463	complementary information	T078	C1533716
28533050	1474	1484	modalities	T169	C1275506
28533050	1486	1497	Experiments	T062	C0681814
28533050	1503	1510	dataset	T170	C0150098
28533050	1516	1520	real	T080	C0237400
28533050	1521	1527	pelvic	T023	C0030797
28533050	1528	1530	CT	T060	C0040405
28533050	1535	1538	MRI	T060	C0024485
28533050	1559	1571	registration	T066	C2697663
28533050	1572	1583	performance	T052	C1882330
28533050	1591	1599	proposed	T080	C1578820
28533050	1600	1606	method	T170	C0025663
28533050	1643	1655	registration	T066	C2697663
28533050	1656	1663	methods	T170	C0025663
28533050	1685	1689	high	T080	C0205250
28533050	1690	1699	potential	T080	C3245505
28533050	1722	1729	routine	T080	C0205547
28533050	1730	1747	radiation therapy	T061	C1522449

28533317|t|Cardiovascular Toxicity of Illicit Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use
28533317|a|Millions of individuals have used illicit anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), but the long-term cardiovascular associations of these drugs remain incompletely understood. Using a cross-sectional cohort design, we recruited 140 experienced male weightlifters 34 to 54 years of age, comprising 86 men reporting ≥2 years of cumulative lifetime AAS use and 54 nonusing men. Using transthoracic echocardiography and coronary computed tomography angiography, we assessed 3 primary outcome measures: left ventricular (LV) systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction), LV diastolic function (early relaxation velocity), and coronary atherosclerosis (coronary artery plaque volume). Compared with nonusers, AAS users demonstrated relatively reduced LV systolic function (mean ± SD left ventricular ejection fraction = 52±11% versus 63±8%; P<0.001) and diastolic function (early relaxation velocity = 9.3±2.4 cm/second versus 11.1±2.0 cm/second; P<0.001). Users currently taking AAS at the time of evaluation (N=58) showed significantly reduced LV systolic (left ventricular ejection fraction = 49±10% versus 58±10%; P<0.001) and diastolic function (early relaxation velocity = 8.9±2.4 cm/second versus 10.1±2.4 cm/second; P=0.035) compared with users currently off - drug (N=28). In addition, AAS users demonstrated higher coronary artery plaque volume than nonusers (median [interquartile range] 3 [0, 174] mL(3) versus 0 [0, 69] mL(3); P=0.012). Lifetime AAS dose was strongly associated with coronary atherosclerotic burden (increase [95% confidence interval] in rank of plaque volume for each 10- year increase in cumulative duration of AAS use: 0.60 SD units [0.16-1.03 SD units]; P=0.008). Long-term AAS use appears to be associated with myocardial dysfunction and accelerated coronary atherosclerosis. These forms of AAS - associated adverse cardiovascular phenotypes may represent a previously underrecognized public-health problem.
28533317	0	14	Cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28533317	15	23	Toxicity	T037	C0600688
28533317	27	34	Illicit	T169	C0332266
28533317	35	62	Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid	T109	C0038317
28533317	63	66	Use	T169	C0457083
28533317	67	75	Millions	T081	C1881839
28533317	79	90	individuals	T098	C0237401
28533317	101	108	illicit	T169	C0332266
28533317	109	137	anabolic-androgenic steroids	T109	C0038317
28533317	139	142	AAS	T109	C0038317
28533317	153	162	long-term	T079	C0443252
28533317	163	177	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28533317	178	190	associations	T080	C0439849
28533317	200	205	drugs	T121	C1254351
28533317	213	225	incompletely	T080	C0205257
28533317	226	236	understood	T041	C0162340
28533317	246	275	cross-sectional cohort design	T062	C0035171
28533317	280	289	recruited	T052	C2949735
28533317	294	305	experienced	T041	C0596545
28533317	306	324	male weightlifters	T098	C0025266
28533317	334	346	years of age	T079	C1510829
28533317	348	358	comprising	T052	C2700400
28533317	362	365	men	T098	C0025266
28533317	366	375	reporting	T058	C0700287
28533317	376	384	≥2 years	T033	C3843647
28533317	388	398	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28533317	399	407	lifetime	T079	C4071830
28533317	408	411	AAS	T109	C0038317
28533317	412	415	use	T169	C0457083
28533317	423	431	nonusing	T169	C0205245
28533317	432	435	men	T098	C0025266
28533317	443	473	transthoracic echocardiography	T060	C0430462
28533317	478	518	coronary computed tomography angiography	T060	C1634617
28533317	523	531	assessed	T052	C1516048
28533317	534	558	primary outcome measures	T080	C3274433
28533317	560	599	left ventricular (LV) systolic function	T042	C0080310
28533317	601	635	left ventricular ejection fraction	T201	C0428772
28533317	638	659	LV diastolic function	T042	C0080310
28533317	661	666	early	T079	C1279919
28533317	667	677	relaxation	T052	C0035028
28533317	678	686	velocity	T081	C0439830
28533317	693	717	coronary atherosclerosis	T047	C0010054
28533317	719	734	coronary artery	T023	C0205042
28533317	735	741	plaque	T033	C0332461
28533317	742	748	volume	T081	C0449468
28533317	751	759	Compared	T052	C1707455
28533317	765	773	nonusers	T098	C1257890
28533317	775	778	AAS	T109	C0038317
28533317	779	784	users	T101	C0338666
28533317	798	808	relatively	T080	C0205345
28533317	809	816	reduced	T080	C0392756
28533317	817	837	LV systolic function	T042	C0080310
28533317	839	843	mean	T081	C0444504
28533317	846	848	SD	T081	C0871420
28533317	849	883	left ventricular ejection fraction	T201	C0428772
28533317	920	938	diastolic function	T042	C0080310
28533317	940	945	early	T079	C1279919
28533317	946	956	relaxation	T052	C0035028
28533317	957	965	velocity	T081	C0439830
28533317	976	985	cm/second	T081	C0439392
28533317	1002	1011	cm/second	T081	C0439392
28533317	1023	1028	Users	T101	C0338666
28533317	1029	1038	currently	T079	C0521116
28533317	1039	1045	taking	T058	C1515187
28533317	1046	1049	AAS	T109	C0038317
28533317	1065	1075	evaluation	T052	C1516048
28533317	1090	1111	significantly reduced	T081	C4055638
28533317	1112	1123	LV systolic	T042	C0080310
28533317	1125	1159	left ventricular ejection fraction	T201	C0428772
28533317	1197	1215	diastolic function	T042	C0080310
28533317	1217	1222	early	T079	C1279919
28533317	1223	1233	relaxation	T052	C0035028
28533317	1234	1242	velocity	T081	C0439830
28533317	1253	1262	cm/second	T081	C0439392
28533317	1279	1288	cm/second	T081	C0439392
28533317	1299	1307	compared	T052	C1707455
28533317	1313	1318	users	T101	C0338666
28533317	1319	1328	currently	T079	C0521116
28533317	1329	1332	off	T080	C1518543
28533317	1335	1339	drug	T121	C1254351
28533317	1348	1359	In addition	T169	C0332287
28533317	1361	1364	AAS	T109	C0038317
28533317	1365	1370	users	T101	C0338666
28533317	1384	1390	higher	T080	C0205250
28533317	1391	1406	coronary artery	T023	C0205042
28533317	1407	1413	plaque	T033	C0332461
28533317	1414	1420	volume	T081	C0449468
28533317	1426	1434	nonusers	T098	C1257890
28533317	1436	1442	median	T081	C0876920
28533317	1444	1463	interquartile range	T081	C1711350
28533317	1516	1524	Lifetime	T079	C4071830
28533317	1525	1528	AAS	T109	C0038317
28533317	1529	1533	dose	T081	C0178602
28533317	1538	1562	strongly associated with	T080	C0332281
28533317	1563	1587	coronary atherosclerotic	T047	C0010054
28533317	1588	1594	burden	T078	C2828008
28533317	1596	1604	increase	T169	C0442805
28533317	1610	1629	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28533317	1642	1648	plaque	T033	C0332461
28533317	1649	1655	volume	T081	C0449468
28533317	1660	1664	each	T081	C1457900
28533317	1669	1673	year	T079	C0439234
28533317	1674	1682	increase	T169	C0442805
28533317	1686	1696	cumulative	T080	C1511559
28533317	1697	1705	duration	T079	C0449238
28533317	1709	1712	AAS	T109	C0038317
28533317	1713	1716	use	T169	C0457083
28533317	1723	1725	SD	T081	C0871420
28533317	1726	1731	units	T081	C1519795
28533317	1743	1745	SD	T081	C0871420
28533317	1746	1751	units	T081	C1519795
28533317	1764	1773	Long-term	T079	C0443252
28533317	1774	1777	AAS	T109	C0038317
28533317	1778	1781	use	T169	C0457083
28533317	1796	1811	associated with	T080	C0332281
28533317	1812	1834	myocardial dysfunction	T046	C0340515
28533317	1839	1850	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28533317	1851	1875	coronary atherosclerosis	T047	C0010054
28533317	1883	1888	forms	T080	C0348078
28533317	1892	1895	AAS	T109	C0038317
28533317	1898	1908	associated	T080	C0332281
28533317	1909	1916	adverse	T046	C0879626
28533317	1917	1931	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28533317	1932	1942	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28533317	1947	1956	represent	T052	C1882932
28533317	1959	1969	previously	T079	C0205156
28533317	1986	2007	public-health problem	T033	C1398682

28533524|t|Enhancing the genome editing toolbox: genome wide CRISPR arrayed libraries
28533524|a|CRISPR-Cas9 technology has accelerated biological research becoming routine for many laboratories. It is rapidly replacing conventional gene editing techniques and has high utility for both genome-wide and gene-focussed applications. Here we present the first individually cloned CRISPR-Cas9 genome wide arrayed sgRNA libraries covering 17,166 human and 20,430 mouse genes at a complexity of 34,332 sgRNAs for human and 40,860 sgRNAs for the mouse genome. For flexibility in generating stable cell lines the sgRNAs have been cloned in a lentivirus backbone containing PiggyBac transposase recognition elements together with fluorescent and drug selection markers. Over 95% of tested sgRNA induced specific DNA cleavage as measured by CEL-1 assays. Furthermore, sgRNA targeting GPI anchor protein pathway genes induced loss of function mutations in human and mouse cell lines measured by FLAER labelling. These arrayed libraries offer the prospect for performing screens on individual genes, combinations as well as larger gene sets. They also facilitate rapid deconvolution of signals from genome-wide screens. This set of vectors provide an organized comprehensive gene editing toolbox of considerable scientific value.
28533524	0	9	Enhancing	T052	C2349975
28533524	14	28	genome editing	T063	C4279981
28533524	29	36	toolbox	T170	C0282574
28533524	38	44	genome	T028	C0017428
28533524	50	64	CRISPR arrayed	T114	C3658200
28533524	65	74	libraries	T028,T114	C0017430
28533524	75	86	CRISPR-Cas9	T028	C0017428
28533524	102	113	accelerated	T169	C0521110
28533524	114	124	biological	T080	C0205460
28533524	125	133	research	T062	C0035168
28533524	160	172	laboratories	T073,T093	C0022877
28533524	198	210	conventional	T080	C0439858
28533524	211	234	gene editing techniques	T063	C4277689
28533524	265	307	genome-wide and gene-focussed applications	T170	C0282574
28533524	348	354	cloned	T062	C0009015
28533524	355	373	CRISPR-Cas9 genome	T028	C0017428
28533524	387	392	sgRNA	T114	C0035668
28533524	393	402	libraries	T028,T114	C0017430
28533524	419	424	human	T016	C0086418
28533524	436	441	mouse	T015	C0026809
28533524	442	447	genes	T028	C0017337
28533524	474	480	sgRNAs	T114	C0035668
28533524	485	490	human	T016	C0086418
28533524	502	508	sgRNAs	T114	C0035668
28533524	517	522	mouse	T015	C0026809
28533524	523	529	genome	T028	C0017428
28533524	535	546	flexibility	T080	C0242808
28533524	561	578	stable cell lines	T025	C0598091
28533524	583	589	sgRNAs	T114	C0035668
28533524	600	606	cloned	T062	C0009015
28533524	612	622	lentivirus	T005	C1644888
28533524	643	663	PiggyBac transposase	T116,T126	C0076934
28533524	664	684	recognition elements	T114,T123	C0205742
28533524	699	737	fluorescent and drug selection markers	T201	C0005516
28533524	751	757	tested	T169	C0039593
28533524	758	763	sgRNA	T114	C0035668
28533524	781	793	DNA cleavage	T044	C1721094
28533524	797	805	measured	T080	C0444706
28533524	809	814	CEL-1	T116,T126	C0917631
28533524	815	821	assays	T059	C1510438
28533524	836	841	sgRNA	T114	C0035668
28533524	852	878	GPI anchor protein pathway	T044	C1704259
28533524	879	884	genes	T028	C0017337
28533524	893	919	loss of function mutations	T033	C0243095
28533524	923	928	human	T016	C0086418
28533524	933	938	mouse	T015	C0026809
28533524	939	949	cell lines	T025	C0022827
28533524	950	958	measured	T080	C0444706
28533524	962	967	FLAER	T130	C1979892
28533524	985	1002	arrayed libraries	T028,T114	C0017272
28533524	1037	1044	screens	T062	C0242481
28533524	1059	1064	genes	T028	C0017337
28533524	1066	1078	combinations	T080	C0205195
28533524	1090	1096	larger	T081	C0549177
28533524	1097	1106	gene sets	T028	C0017337
28533524	1135	1159	deconvolution of signals	T066	C1707643
28533524	1165	1176	genome-wide	T028	C0017428
28533524	1177	1184	screens	T062	C0242481
28533524	1198	1205	vectors	T114	C0017397
28533524	1217	1226	organized	T063	C4277689
28533524	1227	1240	comprehensive	T080	C1880156
28533524	1241	1253	gene editing	T063	C4279981
28533524	1254	1261	toolbox	T170	C0282574
28533524	1278	1294	scientific value	T080	C0205556

28533788|t|Grapevine Subtilase Family: Update on New Sequences and Nomenclature Proposal
28533788|a|In grapevine, serine peptidases from the subtilase family were recently associated to Plasmopara viticola resistance. This family in grapevine, first characterized in 2014, was re-analyzed last year and 82 subtilase genes were identified. However, in November of 2016, the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (NCBI) made a new public release of the grapevine genome annotation based on new sequencing data and better prediction algorithms. As a consequence, some gene annotations and lengths changed. Here we present an update to the grapevine subtilase gene family sequences (SBT), namely sequence identifiers, bioinformatic predictions and recommend a nomenclature for the grapevine SBT genes. Our results show that grapevine subtilase gene family is now constituted by 87 subtilase genes encoding for 109 subtilase proteins and, despite the reported alterations, expression data on subtilases associated to grapevine resistance to P. viticola pathosystem did not suffer any alteration.
28533788	0	9	Grapevine	T002	C0682492
28533788	10	26	Subtilase Family	T116,T126	C0767764
28533788	42	51	Sequences	T086	C0004793
28533788	56	77	Nomenclature Proposal	T170	C0600281
28533788	81	90	grapevine	T002	C0682492
28533788	92	109	serine peptidases	T116,T126	C2717971
28533788	119	135	subtilase family	T116,T126	C0767764
28533788	164	183	Plasmopara viticola	T002	C1091290
28533788	184	194	resistance	T169	C4281815
28533788	211	220	grapevine	T002	C0682492
28533788	255	266	re-analyzed	T062	C0936012
28533788	284	293	subtilase	T116,T126	C0767764
28533788	294	299	genes	T028	C0017337
28533788	351	396	National Center for Biotechnology Information	T092	C1705803
28533788	397	405	database	T170	C0242356
28533788	407	411	NCBI	T092	C1705803
28533788	446	455	grapevine	T002	C0682492
28533788	456	473	genome annotation	T063	C2936606
28533788	487	502	sequencing data	T170	C0026382
28533788	514	524	prediction	T078	C0681842
28533788	525	535	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28533788	542	553	consequence	T169	C0686907
28533788	560	576	gene annotations	T063	C2936606
28533788	631	640	grapevine	T002	C0682492
28533788	641	650	subtilase	T116,T126	C0767764
28533788	651	662	gene family	T028	C1517488
28533788	663	672	sequences	T086	C0004793
28533788	674	677	SBT	T116,T126	C0767764
28533788	687	707	sequence identifiers	T170	C0600091
28533788	709	722	bioinformatic	T091	C1140694
28533788	723	734	predictions	T078	C0681842
28533788	751	763	nomenclature	T170	C0600281
28533788	772	781	grapevine	T002	C0682492
28533788	782	785	SBT	T116,T126	C0767764
28533788	786	791	genes	T028	C0017337
28533788	797	804	results	T034	C0456984
28533788	815	824	grapevine	T002	C0682492
28533788	825	834	subtilase	T116,T126	C0767764
28533788	835	846	gene family	T028	C1517488
28533788	872	881	subtilase	T116,T126	C0767764
28533788	882	887	genes	T028	C0017337
28533788	888	896	encoding	T052	C2700640
28533788	905	923	subtilase proteins	T116,T126	C0767764
28533788	950	961	alterations	T045	C0596611
28533788	963	973	expression	T045	C0017262
28533788	974	978	data	T078	C1511726
28533788	982	992	subtilases	T116,T126	C0767764
28533788	1007	1016	grapevine	T002	C0682492
28533788	1017	1027	resistance	T169	C4281815
28533788	1031	1042	P. viticola	T002	C1091290
28533788	1043	1054	pathosystem	T001	C0450254
28533788	1074	1084	alteration	T045	C0596611

28533814|t|Teenage Mothers Today: What We Know and How It Matters
28533814|a|Over the past two decades, births to U.S. teenagers have fallen and no longer follow overall fertility patterns. Yet the unique challenges faced by teenage mothers and their families justify continued research. Across disciplines, newer work has furthered our understanding of teenage motherhood today. In this article, I highlight four areas of progress: processes of selection into teenage motherhood, the broader consequences of teenage childbearing beyond the socioeconomic realm, heterogeneity of effects, and the application of life course principles. Emerging societal trends such as complex family structures, a stalled recovery from the recession for families of low socioeconomic status, and a rapidly evolving political environment for reproductive health care continue to challenge the lives of teenage mothers. Given that the consequences for teenagers of becoming mothers may change, continued research is needed. Shifts in policy to favor supporting teenage mothers and addressing the causes of both teenage pregnancy and social disadvantage may help improve the lives of these mothers and their families.
28533814	0	15	Teenage Mothers	T099	C0237404
28533814	16	21	Today	T109,T195	C0310367
28533814	73	80	decades	T081	C2981279
28533814	82	88	births	T040	C0005615
28533814	92	95	U.S	T083	C0041703
28533814	97	106	teenagers	T098	C1521910
28533814	112	118	fallen	T080	C0205386
28533814	133	139	follow	T169	C4281991
28533814	140	147	overall	T080	C1561607
28533814	148	157	fertility	T040	C0015895
28533814	158	166	patterns	T082	C0449774
28533814	176	182	unique	T080	C1710548
28533814	183	193	challenges	T058	C0805586
28533814	203	218	teenage mothers	T099	C0237404
28533814	229	237	families	T099	C0015576
28533814	256	264	research	T062	C0035168
28533814	273	284	disciplines	T058	C0237070
28533814	286	291	newer	T080	C0205314
28533814	292	296	work	T062	C0242481
28533814	332	339	teenage	T100	C0205653
28533814	340	350	motherhood	T032	C0337490
28533814	351	356	today	T109,T195	C0310367
28533814	366	373	article	T170	C0282420
28533814	401	409	progress	T169	C1280477
28533814	411	420	processes	T067	C1522240
28533814	424	433	selection	T052	C1707391
28533814	439	446	teenage	T100	C0205653
28533814	447	457	motherhood	T032	C0337490
28533814	471	486	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28533814	487	494	teenage	T079	C0001578
28533814	495	507	childbearing	T033	C1657137
28533814	519	532	socioeconomic	T077	C0748878
28533814	533	538	realm	T078	C3244047
28533814	540	553	heterogeneity	T080	C0019409
28533814	557	564	effects	T080	C1280500
28533814	574	585	application	T052	C1708476
28533814	589	600	life course	T079	C1510618
28533814	601	611	principles	T033	C1328746
28533814	622	637	societal trends	T078	C0237750
28533814	646	653	complex	T080	C0439855
28533814	654	671	family structures	T099	C0680034
28533814	675	682	stalled	T080	C0443239
28533814	683	691	recovery	T052	C0237820
28533814	701	710	recession	T190	C0333047
28533814	715	723	families	T099	C0015576
28533814	727	751	low socioeconomic status	T081	C1328812
28533814	759	766	rapidly	T080	C0456962
28533814	767	775	evolving	T169	C0332253
28533814	776	785	political	T090	C0032382
28533814	786	797	environment	T082	C0014406
28533814	802	826	reproductive health care	T058	C1136000
28533814	839	848	challenge	T058	C0805586
28533814	853	858	lives	T078	C0376558
28533814	862	877	teenage mothers	T099	C0237404
28533814	894	906	consequences	T169	C0686907
28533814	911	920	teenagers	T098	C1521910
28533814	933	940	mothers	T099	C0026591
28533814	945	951	change	T169	C0392747
28533814	963	971	research	T062	C0035168
28533814	983	989	Shifts	T169	C0333051
28533814	993	999	policy	T170	C0242456
28533814	1020	1035	teenage mothers	T099	C0237404
28533814	1055	1061	causes	T078	C0085978
28533814	1070	1087	teenage pregnancy	T033	C0032968
28533814	1092	1098	social	T169	C0728831
28533814	1121	1128	improve	T033	C0184511
28533814	1133	1138	lives	T078	C0376558
28533814	1148	1155	mothers	T099	C0026591
28533814	1166	1174	families	T099	C0015576

28533939|t|Efficacy of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with (177)Lu-octreotate in metastatic pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors: a dual-centre analysis
28533939|a|There is lack of data on the specific benefit of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) in neuroendocrine tumors (NET) of pulmonary origin. This dual- centre study aimed to assess outcome and toxicity of standardized PRRT with (177)Lu-octreotate in a patient population of advanced pulmonary NET of grade 1-2. We retrospectively assessed 22 consecutively patients treated with 4 intended cycles at 3 monthly intervals (mean activity per cycle 7.8±0.68 GBq). In a median follow-up period of 54 months, no significant nephrotoxicity (≥ grade 3) was observed. Reversible hematotoxicity (grade 3) occurred in 3 patients (13.6%). Treatment response consisted of partial response in 6 (27.3%), stable disease in 9 (40.9%), and progressive disease in 7 (31.8%) patients. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 27 (95% CI, 9-45) and 42 months (95% CI, 25-59), respectively. High hepatic tumor load (> 50%) and high plasma chromogranin A (> 600 ng/mL) were negative baseline predictors for PFS and OS on univariate analysis, CgA remained significant on multivariate analysis (PFS, P=0.011; OS, P=0.026). Disease progression despite PRRT was associated with shorter survival (median OS 15 vs 53 mo, P<0.001). Despite a higher incidence of treatment failure compared to NET of other origins, the observed substantial and sustained disease stabilization (median PFS of 27 mo, disease control rate of > 2/3 of pts) indicates considerable efficacy of (177)Lu-octreotate in pulmonary NET.
28533939	0	8	Efficacy	T080	C1280519
28533939	12	28	peptide receptor	T116,T192	C0206473
28533939	29	49	radionuclide therapy	T061	C0203608
28533939	55	73	(177)Lu-octreotate	T121	C1254351
28533939	77	87	metastatic	T169	C1522484
28533939	88	97	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
28533939	98	119	neuroendocrine tumors	T191	C0206754
28533939	135	143	analysis	T062	C0936012
28533939	193	209	peptide receptor	T116,T192	C0206473
28533939	210	230	radionuclide therapy	T061	C0203608
28533939	232	236	PRRT	T061	C0203608
28533939	241	262	neuroendocrine tumors	T191	C0206754
28533939	264	267	NET	T191	C0206754
28533939	272	281	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
28533939	308	313	study	T062	C2603343
28533939	330	337	outcome	T080	C0085415
28533939	342	350	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28533939	367	371	PRRT	T061	C0203608
28533939	377	395	(177)Lu-octreotate	T121	C1254351
28533939	401	408	patient	T101	C0030705
28533939	432	441	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
28533939	442	445	NET	T191	C0206754
28533939	449	458	grade 1-2	T185	C0441800
28533939	505	513	patients	T101	C0030705
28533939	514	526	treated with	T061	C0332293
28533939	558	567	intervals	T079	C1272706
28533939	620	629	follow-up	T058	C1522577
28533939	643	649	months	T079	C0439231
28533939	666	680	nephrotoxicity	T037	C0599918
28533939	684	691	grade 3	T185	C0441800
28533939	718	732	hematotoxicity	T046	C0920103
28533939	734	741	grade 3	T185	C0441800
28533939	757	765	patients	T101	C0030705
28533939	775	793	Treatment response	T201	C0521982
28533939	838	852	stable disease	T033	C0677946
28533939	871	890	progressive disease	T047	C1335499
28533939	904	912	patients	T101	C0030705
28533939	921	946	progression-free survival	T081	C0242792
28533939	948	951	PFS	T081	C0242792
28533939	957	973	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28533939	975	977	OS	T081	C4086681
28533939	991	993	CI	T081	C0009667
28533939	1008	1014	months	T079	C0439231
28533939	1020	1022	CI	T081	C0009667
28533939	1051	1064	hepatic tumor	T191	C0023903
28533939	1087	1108	plasma chromogranin A	T116,T125,T130	C0055633
28533939	1137	1145	baseline	T081	C1442488
28533939	1146	1156	predictors	T078	C2698872
28533939	1161	1164	PFS	T081	C0242792
28533939	1169	1171	OS	T081	C4086681
28533939	1175	1194	univariate analysis	T062	C0683962
28533939	1196	1199	CgA	T116,T125,T130	C0055633
28533939	1224	1245	multivariate analysis	T081	C0026777
28533939	1247	1250	PFS	T081	C0242792
28533939	1261	1263	OS	T081	C4086681
28533939	1275	1294	Disease progression	T046	C0242656
28533939	1303	1307	PRRT	T061	C0203608
28533939	1336	1344	survival	T052	C0038952
28533939	1353	1355	OS	T081	C4086681
28533939	1396	1405	incidence	T081	C0021149
28533939	1409	1426	treatment failure	T033	C0162643
28533939	1439	1442	NET	T191	C0206754
28533939	1500	1507	disease	T047	C0012634
28533939	1508	1521	stabilization	T061	C1293130
28533939	1530	1533	PFS	T081	C0242792
28533939	1544	1559	disease control	T061	C0920467
28533939	1605	1613	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28533939	1617	1635	(177)Lu-octreotate	T121	C1254351
28533939	1639	1648	pulmonary	T023	C0024109
28533939	1649	1652	NET	T191	C0206754

28534189|t|National Trends in Bariatric Surgery 2012-2015: Demographics, Procedure Selection, Readmissions, and Cost
28534189|a|Bariatric surgery is widely accepted as the best treatment for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and the sleeve gastrectomy (SG) have become the predominant bariatric procedures in the USA over the last several years, although the most recent trends in selection are unknown. The objective of this study is to assess selection trends, readmission rates, and cost of bariatric procedures in the USA from 2012 to 2015. We used the Premier database from 2012 to 2015 to examine trends in incidence of RYGB, adjustable gastric banding (LAGB), and SG; readmissions; and cost. Multivariate regression was performed to identify predictors of readmission. The proportion of SG went up from 38 to 63% while the RYGB decreased from 44 to 30% over this time period. LAGB has decreased in use from 13 to 2%. In comparison to RYGB, readmission was less likely for SG (OR 0.64), males (OR 0.91), and more likely for black race (OR 1.27). The overall proportion of patients seeking RYGB with type 2 diabetes was higher than with SG (36 versus 25%), but SG has now overtaken RYGB as the most common procedure among diabetics. The SG is less costly than RYGB ($11,183 versus $13,485). There is a continued overall trend in the increased popularity of the SG and decreased utilization of the RYGB and LAGB, although growth of the SG appears to be slowing. This is also true among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Regardless of surgery type, underinsured and African-American race were more likely to be readmitted.
28534189	0	8	National	T082	C0681788
28534189	9	15	Trends	T079	C1521798
28534189	19	36	Bariatric Surgery	T061	C1456587
28534189	48	60	Demographics	T090	C0011298
28534189	62	71	Procedure	T061	C0087111
28534189	72	81	Selection	T052	C1707391
28534189	83	95	Readmissions	T058	C0030700
28534189	101	105	Cost	T081	C0010186
28534189	106	123	Bariatric surgery	T061	C1456587
28534189	155	164	treatment	T061	C0087111
28534189	169	176	obesity	T047	C0028754
28534189	181	205	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28534189	207	211	T2DM	T047	C0011860
28534189	218	242	Roux-en-Y gastric bypass	T061	C0585179
28534189	244	248	RYGB	T061	C0585179
28534189	258	276	sleeve gastrectomy	T061	C3160799
28534189	278	280	SG	T061	C3160799
28534189	298	309	predominant	T080	C1542147
28534189	310	330	bariatric procedures	T061	C1456587
28534189	338	341	USA	T083	C0041703
28534189	396	402	trends	T079	C1521798
28534189	433	442	objective	T170	C0018017
28534189	451	456	study	T062	C2603343
28534189	480	486	trends	T079	C1521798
28534189	488	499	readmission	T058	C0030700
28534189	500	505	rates	T081	C1521828
28534189	511	515	cost	T081	C0010186
28534189	519	539	bariatric procedures	T061	C1456587
28534189	547	550	USA	T083	C0041703
28534189	582	598	Premier database	T170	C0242356
28534189	628	634	trends	T079	C1521798
28534189	638	647	incidence	T081	C0021149
28534189	651	655	RYGB	T061	C0585179
28534189	657	683	adjustable gastric banding	T061	C1532765
28534189	685	689	LAGB	T061	C1532765
28534189	696	698	SG	T061	C3160799
28534189	700	712	readmissions	T058	C0030700
28534189	718	722	cost	T081	C0010186
28534189	724	747	Multivariate regression	T081	C0026777
28534189	774	784	predictors	T078	C2698872
28534189	788	799	readmission	T058	C0030700
28534189	805	815	proportion	T081	C1709707
28534189	819	821	SG	T061	C3160799
28534189	855	859	RYGB	T061	C0585179
28534189	860	869	decreased	T081	C0205216
28534189	908	912	LAGB	T061	C1532765
28534189	917	926	decreased	T081	C0205216
28534189	952	962	comparison	T052	C1707455
28534189	966	970	RYGB	T061	C0585179
28534189	972	983	readmission	T058	C0030700
28534189	993	999	likely	T078	C0750492
28534189	1004	1006	SG	T061	C3160799
28534189	1018	1023	males	T032	C0086582
28534189	1044	1050	likely	T078	C0750492
28534189	1055	1065	black race	T098	C0005680
28534189	1081	1088	overall	T080	C1561607
28534189	1103	1111	patients	T101	C0030705
28534189	1120	1124	RYGB	T061	C0585179
28534189	1130	1145	type 2 diabetes	T047	C0011860
28534189	1150	1156	higher	T080	C0205250
28534189	1167	1169	SG	T061	C3160799
28534189	1191	1193	SG	T061	C3160799
28534189	1212	1216	RYGB	T061	C0585179
28534189	1236	1245	procedure	T061	C0087111
28534189	1252	1261	diabetics	T033	C0241863
28534189	1267	1269	SG	T061	C3160799
28534189	1290	1294	RYGB	T061	C0585179
28534189	1342	1349	overall	T080	C1561607
28534189	1350	1355	trend	T079	C1521798
28534189	1363	1372	increased	T081	C0205217
28534189	1391	1393	SG	T061	C3160799
28534189	1398	1407	decreased	T081	C0205216
28534189	1427	1431	RYGB	T061	C0585179
28534189	1436	1440	LAGB	T061	C1532765
28534189	1465	1467	SG	T061	C3160799
28534189	1515	1523	patients	T101	C0030705
28534189	1529	1553	type 2 diabetes mellitus	T047	C0011860
28534189	1569	1576	surgery	T061	C0543467
28534189	1577	1581	type	T080	C0332307
28534189	1600	1621	African-American race	T098	C0085756
28534189	1632	1638	likely	T078	C0750492
28534189	1645	1655	readmitted	T058	C0030700

28534284|t|Transparent bactericidal ZnO nanocoatings
28534284|a|Thin bactericidal ZnO coatings prepared with the polymer-salt method are shown to be highly transparent in the visible. The spectral measurements and XRD analysis data show that coatings prepared are formed by ZnO nanoparticles ~ 10 nm in size. The coatings demonstrate the bactericidal effect against the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 209P and gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 bacteria both under the natural light and in the darkness.
28534284	0	11	Transparent	T080	C0522503
28534284	12	41	bactericidal ZnO nanocoatings	T073	C1450053
28534284	25	28	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28534284	42	72	Thin bactericidal ZnO coatings	T073	C1450053
28534284	60	63	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28534284	73	81	prepared	T052	C1521827
28534284	91	110	polymer-salt method	T169	C0449851
28534284	134	145	transparent	T080	C0522503
28534284	153	160	visible	T080	C0205379
28534284	166	187	spectral measurements	T169	C0242485
28534284	192	204	XRD analysis	T059	C0043301
28534284	205	209	data	T078	C1511726
28534284	220	228	coatings	T080	C1522408
28534284	229	237	prepared	T052	C1521827
28534284	252	255	ZnO	T121,T197	C0043491
28534284	256	269	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28534284	281	285	size	T082	C0456389
28534284	291	299	coatings	T080	C1522408
28534284	316	335	bactericidal effect	T033	C0243095
28534284	348	361	gram-positive	T007	C0018154
28534284	362	393	Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 209P	T007	C0038172
28534284	398	411	gram-negative	T007	C0018150
28534284	412	439	Escherichia coli ATCC 25922	T007	C0014834
28534284	440	448	bacteria	T007	C0004611
28534284	464	471	natural	T169	C0205296
28534284	472	477	light	T070	C0023693
28534284	489	497	darkness	T070	C0010986

28534352|t|Tumor response and patient outcome after preoperative radiotherapy in locally advanced non-inflammatory breast cancer patients
28534352|a|The purpose of this analysis was to assess the tumor response and long-term outcome in patients treated with preoperative radiotherapy (PRT) without systemic therapy. Between 1997 and 2000, 134 patients with non-inflammatory locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) were treated with PRT. The tumor dose was 45 Gy in 15 fractions to the breast and to regional lymph nodes over 6 weeks. Radical mastectomy was performed 6 weeks after PRT to all patients and adjuvant systemic therapy was administered as per protocol. The measures of disease outcome were overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) which estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Median follow-up was 74 months (range 4-216). Objective clinical tumor response after PRT was observed in 77.6% of the patients. Clinical complete tumor response (cCR) was achieved in 21.6% of the patients. Pathological CR in the breast was achieved in 15% of the patients. The 5- and 10- year OS were 55.1 and 37.8%, respectively. The 5- and 10- year DFS were 39.2 and 27%, respectively. Patients who achieved cCR had significantly longer OS in comparison with patients achieving clinical partial response (cPR) and clinical stable disease (cSD). Similarly, DFS of patients in the cCR group was longer compared with patients with cPR and cSD, yet without statistical significance. Our results showed that local control in LABC patients achieved by primary PRT, followed by radical mastectomy was comparable with the results reported in the literature. Complete pathologic response to PRT identified a subgroup of patients with a trend toward better DFS and OS.
28534352	0	14	Tumor response	T033	C4053910
28534352	19	34	patient outcome	T078	C1547647
28534352	41	66	preoperative radiotherapy	T061	C0436204
28534352	70	117	locally advanced non-inflammatory breast cancer	T191	C3495949
28534352	118	126	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	147	155	analysis	T062	C0936012
28534352	163	169	assess	T052	C1516048
28534352	174	188	tumor response	T033	C4053910
28534352	193	202	long-term	T079	C0443252
28534352	203	210	outcome	T169	C1274040
28534352	214	222	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	223	230	treated	T169	C1522326
28534352	236	261	preoperative radiotherapy	T061	C0436204
28534352	263	266	PRT	T061	C0436204
28534352	276	292	systemic therapy	T061	C1515119
28534352	321	329	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	335	351	non-inflammatory	T033	C0442743
28534352	352	382	locally advanced breast cancer	T191	C3495949
28534352	384	388	LABC	T191	C3495949
28534352	395	402	treated	T169	C1522326
28534352	395	402	treated	T169	C1522326
28534352	408	411	PRT	T061	C0436204
28534352	417	422	tumor	T191	C0027651
28534352	423	427	dose	T081	C0178602
28534352	444	453	fractions	T081	C1264633
28534352	461	467	breast	T023	C0006141
28534352	475	495	regional lymph nodes	T023	C0729852
28534352	503	508	weeks	T079	C0439230
28534352	510	528	Radical mastectomy	T061	C0024884
28534352	533	542	performed	T169	C0884358
28534352	545	550	weeks	T079	C0439230
28534352	557	560	PRT	T061	C0436204
28534352	568	576	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	581	589	adjuvant	T169	C1522673
28534352	590	606	systemic therapy	T061	C1515119
28534352	611	623	administered	T169	C1521801
28534352	631	639	protocol	T061	C0008971
28534352	645	653	measures	T081	C0079809
28534352	657	672	disease outcome	T033	C0679250
28534352	678	694	overall survival	T081	C4086681
28534352	696	698	OS	T081	C4086681
28534352	704	725	disease-free survival	T081	C0242793
28534352	727	730	DFS	T081	C0242793
28534352	738	747	estimated	T081	C0750572
28534352	758	777	Kaplan-Meier method	T062	C0038953
28534352	779	795	Median follow-up	T058	C1522577
28534352	803	809	months	T079	C0439231
28534352	811	816	range	T081	C1514721
28534352	825	834	Objective	T080	C1571702
28534352	835	843	clinical	T080	C0205210
28534352	844	858	tumor response	T033	C4053910
28534352	865	868	PRT	T061	C0436204
28534352	873	881	observed	T169	C1441672
28534352	898	906	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	908	940	Clinical complete tumor response	T033	C4050094
28534352	942	945	cCR	T033	C4050094
28534352	951	959	achieved	T033	C0432600
28534352	976	984	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	986	1001	Pathological CR	T033	C4050242
28534352	1009	1015	breast	T023	C0006141
28534352	1020	1028	achieved	T033	C0432600
28534352	1043	1051	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	1068	1072	year	T079	C0439234
28534352	1073	1075	OS	T081	C4086681
28534352	1126	1130	year	T079	C0439234
28534352	1131	1134	DFS	T081	C0242793
28534352	1168	1176	Patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	1181	1189	achieved	T033	C0432600
28534352	1190	1193	cCR	T033	C4050094
28534352	1198	1218	significantly longer	T081	C4055637
28534352	1219	1221	OS	T081	C4086681
28534352	1225	1235	comparison	T052	C1707455
28534352	1241	1249	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	1260	1285	clinical partial response	T033	C4050019
28534352	1287	1290	cPR	T033	C4050019
28534352	1296	1319	clinical stable disease	T033	C0677946
28534352	1321	1324	cSD	T033	C0677946
28534352	1338	1341	DFS	T081	C0242793
28534352	1345	1353	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	1361	1364	cCR	T033	C4050094
28534352	1365	1370	group	T096	C0681850
28534352	1382	1390	compared	T052	C1707455
28534352	1396	1404	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	1410	1413	cPR	T033	C4050019
28534352	1418	1421	cSD	T033	C0677946
28534352	1435	1459	statistical significance	T081	C0237881
28534352	1465	1472	results	T169	C1274040
28534352	1485	1498	local control	T169	C2587213
28534352	1502	1506	LABC	T191	C3495949
28534352	1507	1515	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	1516	1524	achieved	T033	C0432600
28534352	1536	1539	PRT	T061	C0436204
28534352	1553	1571	radical mastectomy	T061	C0024884
28534352	1576	1586	comparable	T052	C1707455
28534352	1596	1603	results	T169	C1274040
28534352	1604	1612	reported	T170	C0684224
28534352	1620	1630	literature	T170	C0023866
28534352	1632	1660	Complete pathologic response	T033	C4050242
28534352	1664	1667	PRT	T061	C0436204
28534352	1681	1689	subgroup	T185	C1515021
28534352	1693	1701	patients	T101	C0030705
28534352	1709	1714	trend	T079	C1521798
28534352	1722	1728	better	T080	C0332272
28534352	1729	1732	DFS	T081	C0242793
28534352	1737	1739	OS	T081	C4086681

28534358|t|Prognostic implications of the intrinsic molecular subtypes in male breast cancer
28534358|a|Intrinsic molecular subtyping has been widely used in female breast cancer, and it has proven its significance. In this article, we aimed to study the intrinsic subtypes of male breast cancer (MBC) in correlation with clinicopathological features. We retrospectively identified 130 MBC cases from 2004 to 2013. Intrinsic molecular subtypes were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). From a total of 130 MBC cases, 45.4% of tumors were luminal A subtype, 44.6% were luminal B, 5% were HER2 positive and 5% were triple negative tumors. There were statistically significant differences between different IHC intrinsic subtypes regarding tumor size (p=0.001), estrogen receptor (ER) status (p=0.001), progesterone receptor (PR) status (p=0.001), HER2 status (p=0.001) and Ki67 proliferation index (p=0.001). The distribution of breast cancer intrinsic subtypes in males is different compared to its female counterpart; however, they don't seem to give the same prognostic value.
28534358	0	10	Prognostic	T170	C0220901
28534358	11	23	implications	T078	C1707478
28534358	31	59	intrinsic molecular subtypes	T185	C0872379
28534358	63	81	male breast cancer	T191	C0238033
28534358	82	111	Intrinsic molecular subtyping	T059	C0022885
28534358	136	156	female breast cancer	T191	C0007104
28534358	202	209	article	T170	C1706852
28534358	223	228	study	T062	C2603343
28534358	233	251	intrinsic subtypes	T185	C0872379
28534358	255	273	male breast cancer	T191	C0238033
28534358	275	278	MBC	T191	C0238033
28534358	283	294	correlation	T080	C1707520
28534358	300	328	clinicopathological features	T201	C1301651
28534358	364	367	MBC	T191	C0238033
28534358	393	421	Intrinsic molecular subtypes	T185	C0872379
28534358	441	461	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28534358	463	466	IHC	T060	C0021044
28534358	489	492	MBC	T191	C0238033
28534358	493	498	cases	T077	C1706256
28534358	509	515	tumors	T191	C0027651
28534358	521	538	luminal A subtype	T191	C3642345
28534358	551	560	luminal B	T191	C3642346
28534358	570	583	HER2 positive	T191	C1960398
28534358	596	611	triple negative	T033	C1513916
28534358	612	618	tumors	T191	C0027651
28534358	687	690	IHC	T060	C0021044
28534358	691	709	intrinsic subtypes	T185	C0872379
28534358	720	730	tumor size	T082	C0475440
28534358	742	771	estrogen receptor (ER) status	T201	C1516974
28534358	783	816	progesterone receptor (PR) status	T201	C1514471
28534358	828	839	HER2 status	T201	C1512413
28534358	854	858	Ki67	T116,T129,T130	C0208804
28534358	859	878	proliferation index	T081	C1514489
28534358	894	906	distribution	T169	C1704711
28534358	910	923	breast cancer	T191	C0006142
28534358	924	942	intrinsic subtypes	T185	C0872379
28534358	946	951	males	T032	C0086582
28534358	981	987	female	T032	C0086287
28534358	1043	1060	prognostic value.	T170	C0220901

28534452|t|The recurrent domestication of viruses: major evolutionary transitions in parasitic wasps
28534452|a|Several lineages of endoparasitoid wasps, which develop inside the body of other insects, have domesticated viruses, used as delivery tools of essential virulence factors for the successful development of their progeny. Virus domestication s are major evolutionary transitions in highly diverse parasitoid wasps. Much progress has recently been made to characterize the nature of these ancestrally captured endogenous viruses that have evolved within the wasp genomes. Virus domestication from different viral families occurred at least three times in parasitoid wasps. This evolutionary convergence led to different strategies. Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are viral gene transfer agents and virus -like particles of the wasp Venturia canescens deliver proteins. Here, we take the standpoint of parasitoid wasps to review current knowledge on virus domestications by different parasitoid lineages. Then, based on genomic data from parasitoid wasps, PDVs and exogenous viruses, we discuss the different evolutionary steps required to transform viruses into vehicles for the delivery of the virulence molecules that we observe today. Finally, we discuss how endoparasitoid wasps manipulate host physiology and ensure parasitism success, to highlight the possible advantages of viral domestication as compared with other virulence strategies.
28534452	14	27	domestication	T078	C0175819
28534452	31	38	viruses	T005	C0042776
28534452	46	58	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
28534452	59	70	transitions	T052	C2700061
28534452	74	83	parasitic	T204	C0030498
28534452	84	89	wasps	T204	C0043041
28534452	98	106	lineages	T077	C1881379
28534452	110	124	endoparasitoid	T204	C0320225
28534452	125	130	wasps	T204	C0043041
28534452	146	152	inside	T082	C0205102
28534452	157	161	body	T017	C1268086
28534452	171	178	insects	T204	C0021585
28534452	185	197	domesticated	T078	C0175819
28534452	198	205	viruses	T005	C0042776
28534452	215	223	delivery	T169	C1705822
28534452	224	229	tools	T001	C0029235
28534452	243	260	virulence factors	T109,T123,T131	C1136170
28534452	280	291	development	T040	C0678723
28534452	301	308	progeny	T099	C0680063
28534452	310	315	Virus	T005	C0042776
28534452	316	329	domestication	T078	C0175819
28534452	342	354	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
28534452	355	366	transitions	T052	C2700061
28534452	377	384	diverse	T080	C1880371
28534452	385	395	parasitoid	T204	C0030498
28534452	396	401	wasps	T204	C0043041
28534452	443	455	characterize	T080	C0205396
28534452	460	466	nature	T169	C1262865
28534452	476	487	ancestrally	T079	C1254367
28534452	497	507	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28534452	508	515	viruses	T005	C0042776
28534452	526	533	evolved	T169	C0332253
28534452	545	549	wasp	T204	C0043041
28534452	550	557	genomes	T028	C0017428
28534452	559	564	Virus	T005	C0042776
28534452	565	578	domestication	T078	C0175819
28534452	594	599	viral	T005	C0042776
28534452	600	608	families	T077	C1704727
28534452	633	638	times	T079	C0040223
28534452	642	652	parasitoid	T204	C0030498
28534452	653	658	wasps	T204	C0043041
28534452	665	677	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
28534452	678	689	convergence	T082	C0443193
28534452	707	717	strategies	T082	C0449445
28534452	719	733	Polydnaviruses	T005	C0084126
28534452	735	739	PDVs	T005	C0084126
28534452	745	755	viral gene	T028	C0017376
28534452	756	771	transfer agents	T001	C0029235
28534452	776	781	virus	T005	C0042776
28534452	788	797	particles	T167	C0439861
28534452	805	809	wasp	T204	C0043041
28534452	810	828	Venturia canescens	T204	C1004036
28534452	829	836	deliver	T169	C1705822
28534452	837	845	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28534452	879	889	parasitoid	T204	C0030498
28534452	890	895	wasps	T204	C0043041
28534452	899	905	review	T080	C1704362
28534452	927	932	virus	T005	C0042776
28534452	933	947	domestications	T078	C0175819
28534452	961	980	parasitoid lineages	T077	C1881379
28534452	997	1004	genomic	T028	C0017428
28534452	1005	1009	data	T078	C1511726
28534452	1015	1025	parasitoid	T204	C0030498
28534452	1026	1031	wasps	T204	C0043041
28534452	1033	1037	PDVs	T005	C0084126
28534452	1042	1051	exogenous	T169	C0205228
28534452	1052	1059	viruses	T005	C0042776
28534452	1086	1098	evolutionary	T045	C0015219
28534452	1117	1126	transform	T169	C0392747
28534452	1127	1134	viruses	T005	C0042776
28534452	1140	1148	vehicles	T001	C0029235
28534452	1157	1165	delivery	T169	C1705822
28534452	1173	1182	virulence	T038	C0042765
28534452	1240	1254	endoparasitoid	T204	C0320225
28534452	1255	1260	wasps	T204	C0043041
28534452	1272	1276	host	T001	C1167395
28534452	1277	1287	physiology	T039	C0031843
28534452	1299	1309	parasitism	T070	C0677482
28534452	1359	1364	viral	T005	C0042776
28534452	1365	1378	domestication	T078	C0175819
28534452	1382	1390	compared	T052	C1707455
28534452	1402	1411	virulence	T038	C0042765
28534452	1412	1422	strategies	T082	C0449445

28535279|t|Identification of Forensically Important Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in China Based on COI
28535279|a|Blow flies are among the most important insects in forensic entomology casework. Identification of blow fly species can be a time consuming and difficult task, especially at their early development stages. Present DNA-based technologies provide a promising identification method for these forensically important calliphorids. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence has been applied as a suitable DNA marker in calliphorid identification for many years; however, limitation exists in using short sequence to determine genetically close species. In this study, COI long sequences were utilized in species -level identification. Seventy-two specimens were collected from 27 locations across 22 Chinese provinces, and unambiguously determined as 16 species under seven genera of Calliphoridae. Analysis of long mitochondrial COI sequence (1,021-1,382 bp) data from forensically relevant blow flies collected in the inland region of China provided a reliable marker for accurate identification. Our data provide genetic diversity and reference for global forensic -related blow fly species identification, and conductive meaning on future utilization of Chinese calliphorids used in forensic entomological practice.
28535279	0	14	Identification	T080	C0205396
28535279	18	30	Forensically	T091	C0016557
28535279	41	51	Blow Flies	T204	C0322495
28535279	53	60	Diptera	T204	C0012578
28535279	62	75	Calliphoridae	T204	C0322495
28535279	80	85	China	T083	C0008115
28535279	95	98	COI	T116,T126	C4284184
28535279	99	109	Blow flies	T204	C0322495
28535279	139	146	insects	T204	C0021585
28535279	150	158	forensic	T091	C0016557
28535279	159	169	entomology	T091	C1513055
28535279	180	194	Identification	T080	C0205396
28535279	198	206	blow fly	T204	C0322495
28535279	207	214	species	T185	C1705920
28535279	224	238	time consuming	T080	C3827829
28535279	253	257	task	T057	C3540678
28535279	279	303	early development stages	T040	C0678723
28535279	313	335	DNA-based technologies	T063	C1517026
28535279	356	377	identification method	T080	C1301921
28535279	388	400	forensically	T091	C0016557
28535279	411	423	calliphorids	T204	C0322495
28535279	429	457	cytochrome oxidase subunit I	T116,T126	C4284184
28535279	458	472	(COI) sequence	T086	C0004793
28535279	504	514	DNA marker	T086	C0012872
28535279	518	529	calliphorid	T204	C0322495
28535279	530	544	identification	T080	C0205396
28535279	597	611	short sequence	T086	C0004793
28535279	625	636	genetically	T169	C0314603
28535279	643	650	species	T185	C1705920
28535279	667	685	COI long sequences	T086	C0004793
28535279	703	710	species	T185	C1705920
28535279	718	732	identification	T080	C0205396
28535279	746	755	specimens	T167	C0370003
28535279	799	806	Chinese	T083	C0008115
28535279	853	860	species	T185	C1705920
28535279	883	896	Calliphoridae	T204	C0322495
28535279	915	928	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28535279	929	941	COI sequence	T086	C0004793
28535279	969	981	forensically	T091	C0016557
28535279	991	1001	blow flies	T204	C0322495
28535279	1019	1032	inland region	T083	C0017446
28535279	1036	1041	China	T083	C0008115
28535279	1062	1068	marker	T086	C0012872
28535279	1082	1096	identification	T080	C0205396
28535279	1115	1132	genetic diversity	T070	C0042333
28535279	1158	1166	forensic	T091	C0016557
28535279	1176	1184	blow fly	T204	C0322495
28535279	1185	1192	species	T185	C1705920
28535279	1193	1207	identification	T080	C0205396
28535279	1257	1264	Chinese	T083	C0008115
28535279	1265	1277	calliphorids	T204	C0322495
28535279	1286	1294	forensic	T091	C0016557
28535279	1295	1317	entomological practice	T091	C1513055

28536004|t|Multimodality imaging approach in the diagnosis of chronic myocarditis with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (MCpEF): The role of 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography
28536004|a|Up to one third of patients with chronic myocarditis (MC) have preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (MCpEF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of adding 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) to cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) in the diagnosis of patients with MCpEF. We analyzed 67 patients with suspected MCpEF who underwent endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). Thirty-two patients with confirmed chronic myocardial inflammation by EMB served as study group (MCpEF) and the remaining patients (n=35) served as control group. In all patients, 2D STE and cMRI were performed within 48h before EMB. Patients with MCpEF had significantly lower LV global longitudinal systolic strain (GLS) than controls (GLS: -17.01±2.42% vs. -19.39±3.81%, p<0.001; respectively). In line, an abnormal GLS had adequate diagnostic performance to detect MCpEF (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 82%, 70%, and 76%, respectively), which was superior to cMRI based on the Lake-Louise criteria (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy 54%, 71%, and 67%, respectively). In addition, adding GLS to the Lake-Louise criteria improved significantly the diagnostic performance of cMRI to detect MCpEF (sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy 96%, 55%, and 75%, respectively). The findings of this study suggest that GLS using 2D STE could play an important role in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected chronic myocarditis with preserved LV ejection fraction (MCpEF).
28536004	0	21	Multimodality imaging	T060	C0079595
28536004	38	47	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28536004	51	70	chronic myocarditis	T047	C0865681
28536004	76	120	preserved left ventricular ejection fraction	T033	C2700378
28536004	122	127	MCpEF	T047	C0865681
28536004	142	178	2D speckle-tracking echocardiography	T060	C0013524
28536004	198	206	patients	T101	C0030705
28536004	212	231	chronic myocarditis	T047	C0865681
28536004	233	235	MC	T047	C0865681
28536004	242	291	preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction	T033	C2700378
28536004	293	298	MCpEF	T047	C0865681
28536004	321	326	study	T062	C2603343
28536004	362	398	2D speckle-tracking echocardiography	T060	C0013524
28536004	400	403	STE	T060	C0013524
28536004	408	442	cardiac magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0412692
28536004	444	448	cMRI	T060	C0412692
28536004	457	466	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28536004	470	478	patients	T101	C0030705
28536004	484	489	MCpEF	T047	C0865681
28536004	494	502	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28536004	506	514	patients	T101	C0030705
28536004	520	535	suspected MCpEF	T047	C0865681
28536004	550	571	endomyocardial biopsy	T060	C0189785
28536004	573	576	EMB	T060	C0189785
28536004	590	598	patients	T101	C0030705
28536004	614	645	chronic myocardial inflammation	T047	C0027059
28536004	649	652	EMB	T060	C0189785
28536004	663	674	study group	T101	C0030705
28536004	676	681	MCpEF	T047	C0865681
28536004	701	709	patients	T101	C0030705
28536004	727	740	control group	T098	C1257890
28536004	749	757	patients	T101	C0030705
28536004	759	765	2D STE	T060	C0013524
28536004	770	774	cMRI	T060	C0412692
28536004	808	811	EMB	T060	C0189785
28536004	813	821	Patients	T101	C0030705
28536004	827	832	MCpEF	T047	C0865681
28536004	857	895	LV global longitudinal systolic strain	T037	C0178314
28536004	897	900	GLS	T037	C0178314
28536004	907	915	controls	T098	C1257890
28536004	917	920	GLS	T037	C0178314
28536004	998	1001	GLS	T037	C0178314
28536004	1015	1037	diagnostic performance	T033	C0011900
28536004	1041	1047	detect	T033	C0442726
28536004	1048	1053	MCpEF	T047	C0865681
28536004	1055	1079	sensitivity, specificity	T081	C0036668
28536004	1085	1093	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28536004	1153	1157	cMRI	T060	C0412692
28536004	1171	1191	Lake-Louise criteria	T080	C0205556
28536004	1193	1217	sensitivity, specificity	T081	C0036668
28536004	1223	1231	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28536004	1286	1289	GLS	T037	C0178314
28536004	1297	1317	Lake-Louise criteria	T080	C0205556
28536004	1345	1367	diagnostic performance	T033	C0011900
28536004	1371	1375	cMRI	T060	C0412692
28536004	1379	1385	detect	T033	C0442726
28536004	1386	1391	MCpEF	T047	C0865681
28536004	1393	1417	sensitivity, specificity	T081	C0036668
28536004	1423	1431	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28536004	1487	1492	study	T062	C2603343
28536004	1506	1509	GLS	T037	C0178314
28536004	1516	1522	2D STE	T060	C0013524
28536004	1559	1580	diagnostic evaluation	T033	C0011900
28536004	1584	1592	patients	T101	C0030705
28536004	1598	1627	suspected chronic myocarditis	T047	C0865681
28536004	1633	1663	preserved LV ejection fraction	T033	C2700378
28536004	1665	1670	MCpEF	T047	C0865681

28536031|t|Lactate induces osteoblast differentiation by stabilization of HIF1α
28536031|a|Aerobic glycolysis is involved in osteoblast differentiation induced by Wnt signaling or PTH treatment. However, it is still unclear whether lactate, the end product of aerobic glycolysis, plays any role in osteoblast differentiation. Herein we report that in cultures of osteoblast-lineage cells, lactate promoted alkaline phosphatase -positive cell formation, increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and induced the expression of osteocalcin. This osteoblast differentiation -inducing effect of lactate can be inhibited by blocking its entry into cells with MCT1 siRNA or inhibitors, and by interfering with its metabolism by using specific siRNAs for LDHB and PDH. Moreover, lactate stabilized HIF1α expression and inhibited HIF1α activity, with BAY87-2243 lowering the osteoblast differentiation -inducing effect of lactate. Thus, these findings reveal an unrecognized role for aerobic glycolysis in osteoblast differentiation via its end product, lactate.
28536031	0	7	Lactate	T109	C0022924
28536031	16	42	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
28536031	46	59	stabilization	T044	C1152620
28536031	63	68	HIF1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28536031	69	87	Aerobic glycolysis	T044	C0598754
28536031	103	129	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
28536031	141	154	Wnt signaling	T044	C1520113
28536031	158	161	PTH	T116,T121,T125	C0030520
28536031	162	171	treatment	T169	C1522326
28536031	210	217	lactate	T109	C0022924
28536031	238	256	aerobic glycolysis	T044	C0598754
28536031	276	302	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
28536031	329	337	cultures	T059	C0007585
28536031	341	365	osteoblast-lineage cells	T025	C0029418
28536031	367	374	lactate	T109	C0022924
28536031	384	404	alkaline phosphatase	T116,T126	C0002059
28536031	415	429	cell formation	T043	C0007613
28536031	445	453	activity	T044	C0243102
28536031	457	477	alkaline phosphatase	T116,T126	C0002059
28536031	495	505	expression	T045	C1171362
28536031	509	520	osteocalcin	T116,T123	C0029419
28536031	527	553	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
28536031	574	581	lactate	T109	C0022924
28536031	589	598	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28536031	602	610	blocking	T169	C0332206
28536031	626	631	cells	T025	C0007634
28536031	637	641	MCT1	T116,T123	C3812715
28536031	642	647	siRNA	T114,T123	C1099354
28536031	651	661	inhibitors	T121	C0033671
28536031	691	701	metabolism	T040	C0025519
28536031	720	726	siRNAs	T114,T123	C1099354
28536031	731	735	LDHB	T116,T126	C0022918
28536031	740	743	PDH	T116,T126	C0034343
28536031	755	762	lactate	T109	C0022924
28536031	774	779	HIF1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28536031	780	790	expression	T045	C1171362
28536031	795	804	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28536031	805	810	HIF1α	T116,T123	C0965644
28536031	811	819	activity	T044	C1537044
28536031	826	836	BAY87-2243	T121	C0033671
28536031	850	876	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
28536031	897	904	lactate	T109	C0022924
28536031	918	926	findings	T033	C0243095
28536031	959	977	aerobic glycolysis	T044	C0598754
28536031	981	1007	osteoblast differentiation	T043	C1159974
28536031	1029	1036	lactate	T109	C0022924

28536123|t|Randomized Controlled Trial of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade in Children with Chronic Kidney Allograft Nephropathy
28536123|a|We showed that mineralocorticoid receptor blockade (MRB) prevented acute and chronic cyclosporine nephropathy (CsA-Nx) in the rat. The aim of this translational study was to investigate the effect of long-term eplerenone administration on renal allograft function in children with biopsy -proven chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Renal transplant children <18 years, biopsy -proven CAN, and a GFR >40 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) were included. Patients with BK virus active nephritis, recurrence of renal disease, GFR decline in previous 3 months, or treated with calcium antagonists or antifungal drugs were excluded. They were randomized to receive placebo (n=10) or eplerenone 25 mg/d for 24 months (n=13). Visits were scheduled at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. At each period, a complete clinical examination was performed and blood and urine samples were taken. Urine creatinine, 8-hydroxylated-guanosine, heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) levels were also assessed. In kidney biopsy samples, the tubulo-interstitial area affected by fibrosis (TIF) and glomerulosclerosis were measured at baseline and after 24 months. The baseline eGFR was 80±6 in the placebo and 86±6 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in the eplerenone group; at 24 months it was 66±8 and 81±7 ml/min per 1.73 m(2), respectively (P=0.33; 95% confidence intervals, -18 to 33 at baseline, and -11 to 40 after 24 months). The albumin-to-creatinine ratio was 110±74 in the placebo, and 265±140 mg/g in the eplerenone group; and after 24 months it was 276±140 and 228±88 mg/g, respectively (P=0.15; 95% confidence intervals, -283 to 593, and -485 to 391, respectively). In addition, the placebo exhibited a greater TIF, glomerulosclerosis, and urinary HSP72 compared with the eplerenone group. Although this study was underpowered to provide definitive evidence that long-term eplerenone administration attenuates the progression of CAN in pediatric transplant patients, it encourages testing the potential benefit of MRB in this pediatric population.
28536123	31	57	Mineralocorticoid Receptor	T116,T192	C0066563
28536123	58	66	Blockade	T121,T196	C3540676
28536123	70	78	Children	T100	C0008059
28536123	84	120	Chronic Kidney Allograft Nephropathy	T047	C0403592
28536123	136	162	mineralocorticoid receptor	T116,T192	C0066563
28536123	163	171	blockade	T121,T196	C3540676
28536123	173	177	MRB)	T121,T196	C3540676
28536123	188	193	acute	T079	C0205178
28536123	198	230	chronic cyclosporine nephropathy	T047	C3875332
28536123	232	238	CsA-Nx	T047	C3875332
28536123	247	250	rat	T015	C0034693
28536123	268	287	translational study	T062	C3494163
28536123	331	341	eplerenone	T109,T121	C0961485
28536123	342	356	administration	T061	C1533734
28536123	360	375	renal allograft	T023	C0564454
28536123	388	396	children	T100	C0008059
28536123	402	408	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28536123	417	446	chronic allograft nephropathy	T047	C0403592
28536123	448	451	CAN	T047	C0403592
28536123	454	470	Renal transplant	T061	C0022671
28536123	471	479	children	T100	C0008059
28536123	484	489	years	T079	C0439234
28536123	491	497	biopsy	T060	C0005558
28536123	506	509	CAN	T047	C0403592
28536123	517	520	GFR	T060	C0017654
28536123	561	569	Patients	T101	C0030705
28536123	575	583	BK virus	T005	C0005670
28536123	591	600	nephritis	T047	C0027697
28536123	616	629	renal disease	T047	C0022658
28536123	631	642	GFR decline	T033	C0853068
28536123	657	663	months	T079	C0439231
28536123	668	680	treated with	T061	C0332293
28536123	681	700	calcium antagonists	T121	C0006684
28536123	704	720	antifungal drugs	T121	C0003308
28536123	768	775	placebo	T061	C0032042
28536123	786	796	eplerenone	T109,T121	C0961485
28536123	812	818	months	T079	C0439231
28536123	852	860	baseline	T081	C1442488
28536123	876	882	months	T079	C0439231
28536123	892	898	period	T079	C1948053
28536123	911	931	clinical examination	T033	C1456356
28536123	950	955	blood	T031	C0178913
28536123	960	973	urine samples	T031	C1610733
28536123	986	1002	Urine creatinine	T059	C1318439
28536123	1004	1028	8-hydroxylated-guanosine	T114,T121	C0050092
28536123	1030	1051	heat shock protein 72	T116,T123	C0256926
28536123	1053	1058	HSP72	T116,T123	C0256926
28536123	1065	1102	kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) levels	T059	C2681921
28536123	1126	1147	kidney biopsy samples	T024	C0586763
28536123	1153	1198	tubulo-interstitial area affected by fibrosis	T060	C4285457
28536123	1200	1203	TIF	T060	C4285457
28536123	1209	1227	glomerulosclerosis	T047	C0178664
28536123	1245	1253	baseline	T081	C1442488
28536123	1267	1273	months	T079	C0439231
28536123	1279	1287	baseline	T081	C1442488
28536123	1288	1292	eGFR	T060	C0017654
28536123	1309	1316	placebo	T098	C1257890
28536123	1354	1370	eplerenone group	T098	C1257890
28536123	1378	1384	months	T079	C0439231
28536123	1454	1474	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28536123	1489	1497	baseline	T081	C1442488
28536123	1522	1528	months	T079	C0439231
28536123	1535	1562	albumin-to-creatinine ratio	T034	C1318293
28536123	1581	1588	placebo	T098	C1257890
28536123	1614	1630	eplerenone group	T098	C1257890
28536123	1645	1651	months	T079	C0439231
28536123	1710	1730	confidence intervals	T081	C0009667
28536123	1794	1801	placebo	T061	C0032042
28536123	1822	1825	TIF	T060	C4285457
28536123	1827	1845	glomerulosclerosis	T047	C0178664
28536123	1851	1858	urinary	T031	C0042036
28536123	1859	1864	HSP72	T116,T123	C0256926
28536123	1915	1920	study	T062	C2603343
28536123	1984	1994	eplerenone	T109,T121	C0961485
28536123	1995	2009	administration	T061	C1533734
28536123	2040	2043	CAN	T047	C0403592
28536123	2047	2076	pediatric transplant patients	T101	C0030705
28536123	2125	2128	MRB	T121,T196	C3540676
28536123	2137	2157	pediatric population	T098	C1257890

28536535|t|Role of Intestinal LXRα in Regulating Post-prandial Lipid Excursion and Diet - Induced Hypercholesterolemia and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation
28536535|a|Post-prandial hyperlipidemia has emerged as a cardiovascular risk factor with limited therapeutic options. The Liver X receptors (Lxrs) are nuclear hormone receptors that regulate cholesterol elimination. Knowledge of their role in regulating the absorption and handling of dietary fats is incomplete. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of intestinal Lxrα in post-prandial intestinal lipid transport. Using Lxrα knockout (nr1h3(-/-)) and intestine - limited Lxrα over-expressing [Tg(fabp2a: EGFP - nr1h3)] zebrafish strains, we measured post-prandial lipid excursion with live imaging in larvae and physiological methods in adults. We also conducted a long-term high - cholesterol dietary challenge in adults to examine the chronic effect of modulating nr1h3 gene dose on the development of hypercholesterolemia and hepatic lipid accumulation. Over-expression of Lxrα in the intestine delays the transport of ingested lipids in larvae, while deletion of Lxrα increases the rate of lipid transport. Pre-treating wildtype larvae with the liver-sparing Lxr agonist hyodeoxycholic acid also delayed the rate of intestinal lipid transport in larvae. In adult males, deletion of Lxrα accelerates intestinal transport of ingested lipids. Adult females showed higher plasma Lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) activity compared to males, and lower post-gavage blood triacylglycerol (TAG) excursion. Despite the sexually dimorphic effect on acute intestinal lipid handling, Tg(fabp2a: EGFP - nr1h3) adults of both sexes are protected from high cholesterol diet (HCD)- induced hepatic lipid accumulation, while nr1h3(-/-) mutants are sensitive to the effects of HCD challenge. These data indicate that intestinal Lxr activity dampens the pace of intestinal lipid transport cell-autonomously. Selective activation of intestinal Lxrα holds therapeutic promise.
28536535	8	18	Intestinal	T023	C0021853
28536535	19	23	LXRα	T116,T192	C0297439
28536535	27	37	Regulating	T038	C1327622
28536535	38	51	Post-prandial	T079	C0376674
28536535	52	57	Lipid	T109	C0023779
28536535	58	67	Excursion	T058	C3468074
28536535	72	76	Diet	T168	C0012155
28536535	79	86	Induced	T169	C0205263
28536535	87	107	Hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
28536535	112	119	Hepatic	T029	C0205054
28536535	120	138	Lipid Accumulation	T033	C0333574
28536535	139	152	Post-prandial	T079	C0376674
28536535	153	167	hyperlipidemia	T047	C0020473
28536535	185	199	cardiovascular	T029	C3887460
28536535	200	211	risk factor	T033	C0035648
28536535	225	244	therapeutic options	T061	C0683525
28536535	250	267	Liver X receptors	T116,T192	C4277606
28536535	269	273	Lxrs	T116,T192	C4277606
28536535	279	304	nuclear hormone receptors	T116,T192	C0887829
28536535	310	318	regulate	T038	C1327622
28536535	319	330	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28536535	331	342	elimination	T039	C0221102
28536535	371	381	regulating	T038	C1327622
28536535	386	396	absorption	T039	C0443214
28536535	401	409	handling	T033	C1832073
28536535	413	425	dietary fats	T109,T168	C0012171
28536535	429	439	incomplete	T080	C0205257
28536535	496	506	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28536535	507	511	Lxrα	T116,T192	C0297439
28536535	515	528	post-prandial	T079	C0376674
28536535	529	539	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28536535	540	545	lipid	T109	C0023779
28536535	546	555	transport	T043	C0005528
28536535	563	567	Lxrα	T028	C1417824
28536535	568	576	knockout	T050	C1522225
28536535	578	588	nr1h3(-/-)	T028	C1417824
28536535	594	603	intestine	T023	C0021853
28536535	606	613	limited	T169	C0439801
28536535	614	618	Lxrα	T028	C1417824
28536535	619	634	over-expressing	T045	C0017262
28536535	639	645	fabp2a	T028	C1333525
28536535	647	651	EGFP	T028	C0017337
28536535	654	659	nr1h3	T028	C1417824
28536535	662	671	zebrafish	T013	C0043457
28536535	672	679	strains	T001	C1518614
28536535	693	706	post-prandial	T079	C0376674
28536535	707	712	lipid	T109	C0023779
28536535	713	722	excursion	T058	C3468074
28536535	728	740	live imaging	T060	C0011923
28536535	744	750	larvae	T204	C0023047
28536535	755	768	physiological	T169	C0205463
28536535	769	776	methods	T170	C0025663
28536535	780	786	adults	T008	C0596888
28536535	808	817	long-term	T079	C0443252
28536535	818	822	high	T080	C0205250
28536535	825	836	cholesterol	T109,T123	C0008377
28536535	837	844	dietary	T168	C0012155
28536535	845	854	challenge	T058	C0805586
28536535	858	864	adults	T008	C0596888
28536535	880	887	chronic	T079	C0205191
28536535	888	894	effect	T080	C1280500
28536535	909	919	nr1h3 gene	T028	C1417824
28536535	920	924	dose	T081	C0178602
28536535	932	943	development	T169	C1527148
28536535	947	967	hypercholesterolemia	T047	C0020443
28536535	972	979	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28536535	980	998	lipid accumulation	T033	C0333574
28536535	1000	1015	Over-expression	T045	C1171362
28536535	1019	1023	Lxrα	T028	C1417824
28536535	1031	1040	intestine	T023	C0021853
28536535	1041	1047	delays	T079	C0205421
28536535	1052	1061	transport	T043	C0005528
28536535	1074	1080	lipids	T109	C0023779
28536535	1084	1090	larvae	T204	C0023047
28536535	1098	1106	deletion	T045	C0017260
28536535	1110	1114	Lxrα	T116,T192	C0297439
28536535	1129	1133	rate	T081	C1521828
28536535	1137	1142	lipid	T109	C0023779
28536535	1143	1152	transport	T043	C0005528
28536535	1167	1175	wildtype	T028	C1883559
28536535	1176	1182	larvae	T204	C0023047
28536535	1206	1209	Lxr	T116,T192	C4277606
28536535	1210	1217	agonist	T121	C2987634
28536535	1218	1237	hyodeoxycholic acid	T109	C0063208
28536535	1243	1250	delayed	T079	C0205421
28536535	1255	1259	rate	T081	C1521828
28536535	1263	1273	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28536535	1274	1279	lipid	T109	C0023779
28536535	1280	1289	transport	T043	C0005528
28536535	1293	1299	larvae	T204	C0023047
28536535	1304	1309	adult	T008	C0596888
28536535	1310	1315	males	T032	C0086582
28536535	1317	1325	deletion	T045	C0017260
28536535	1329	1333	Lxrα	T028	C1417824
28536535	1334	1345	accelerates	T169	C0521110
28536535	1346	1356	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28536535	1357	1366	transport	T043	C0005528
28536535	1379	1385	lipids	T109	C0023779
28536535	1387	1392	Adult	T008	C0596888
28536535	1393	1400	females	T032	C0086287
28536535	1415	1421	plasma	T031	C0032105
28536535	1422	1440	Lipoprotein lipase	T116,T126	C0023816
28536535	1442	1445	Lpl	T116,T126	C0023816
28536535	1447	1455	activity	T044	C0243102
28536535	1468	1473	males	T032	C0086582
28536535	1485	1496	post-gavage	T079	C1254367
28536535	1497	1502	blood	T031	C0005767
28536535	1503	1518	triacylglycerol	T109,T123	C0041004
28536535	1520	1523	TAG	T109,T123	C0041004
28536535	1525	1534	excursion	T058	C3468074
28536535	1548	1573	sexually dimorphic effect	T032	C0036866
28536535	1583	1593	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28536535	1594	1599	lipid	T109	C0023779
28536535	1600	1608	handling	T033	C1832073
28536535	1613	1619	fabp2a	T028	C1333525
28536535	1621	1625	EGFP	T028	C0017337
28536535	1628	1633	nr1h3	T028	C1417824
28536535	1635	1641	adults	T008	C0596888
28536535	1650	1655	sexes	T032	C1522384
28536535	1675	1696	high cholesterol diet	T033	C2163356
28536535	1698	1701	HCD	T033	C2163356
28536535	1704	1711	induced	T169	C0205263
28536535	1712	1719	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28536535	1720	1738	lipid accumulation	T033	C0333574
28536535	1746	1756	nr1h3(-/-)	T028	C1417824
28536535	1757	1764	mutants	T049	C0596988
28536535	1769	1778	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28536535	1797	1800	HCD	T033	C2163356
28536535	1801	1810	challenge	T058	C0805586
28536535	1818	1822	data	T078	C1511726
28536535	1837	1847	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28536535	1848	1851	Lxr	T116,T192	C4277606
28536535	1852	1860	activity	T052	C0441655
28536535	1881	1891	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28536535	1892	1897	lipid	T109	C0023779
28536535	1898	1907	transport	T043	C0005528
28536535	1937	1947	activation	T052	C1879547
28536535	1951	1961	intestinal	T023	C0021853
28536535	1962	1966	Lxrα	T116,T192	C0297439
28536535	1973	1984	therapeutic	T169	C0302350

28537612|t|Proline -rich antimicrobial peptides targeting protein synthesis
28537612|a|Covering: up to 2017The innate immune system employs a broad array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to attack invading microorganisms. While most AMPs act by permeabilizing the bacterial membrane, specific subclasses of AMPs have been identified that pass through membranes and inhibit bacterial growth by targeting fundamental intracellular processes. One such subclass is the proline -rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) that bind to the ribosome and interfere with the process of protein synthesis. A diverse range of PrAMPs have been identified in insects, such as bees, wasps and beetles, and crustaceans, such as crabs, as well as in mammals, such as cows, sheep, goats and pigs. Mechanistically, the best-characterized PrAMPs are the insect oncocins, such as Onc112, and bovine bactenecins, such as Bac7. Biochemical and structural studies have revealed that these PrAMPs bind within the ribosomal exit tunnel with a reverse orientation compared to a nascent polypeptide chain. The PrAMPs allow initiation but prevent the transition into the elongation phase of translation. Insight into the interactions of PrAMPs with their ribosomal target provides the opportunity to further develop these peptides as novel antimicrobial agents.
28537612	0	7	Proline	T116,T123	C0033382
28537612	14	36	antimicrobial peptides	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	37	46	targeting	T169	C1521840
28537612	47	64	protein synthesis	T044	C0597295
28537612	89	109	innate immune system	T022	C0020962
28537612	126	131	array	T082	C1510941
28537612	135	157	antimicrobial peptides	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	159	163	AMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	168	174	attack	T052	C3266814
28537612	175	198	invading microorganisms	T001	C0445623
28537612	211	215	AMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	223	237	permeabilizing	T169	C0205326
28537612	242	251	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28537612	252	260	membrane	T026	C0596901
28537612	271	281	subclasses	T185	C0445604
28537612	285	289	AMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	300	310	identified	T080	C0205396
28537612	329	338	membranes	T026	C0596901
28537612	343	350	inhibit	T052	C3463820
28537612	351	360	bacterial	T007	C0004611
28537612	361	367	growth	T040	C0018270
28537612	371	380	targeting	T169	C1521840
28537612	393	416	intracellular processes	T043	C1325880
28537612	427	435	subclass	T185	C0445604
28537612	443	450	proline	T116,T123	C0033382
28537612	457	479	antimicrobial peptides	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	481	487	PrAMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	494	498	bind	T052	C1145667
28537612	506	514	ribosome	T026	C0035553
28537612	519	533	interfere with	T169	C0521102
28537612	538	545	process	T067	C1522240
28537612	549	566	protein synthesis	T044	C0597295
28537612	587	593	PrAMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	604	614	identified	T080	C0205396
28537612	618	625	insects	T204	C0021585
28537612	635	639	bees	T204	C0004923
28537612	641	646	wasps	T204	C0043041
28537612	651	658	beetles	T204	C0009276
28537612	664	675	crustaceans	T204	C0010395
28537612	685	690	crabs	T204	C0010260
28537612	706	713	mammals	T015	C0024660
28537612	723	727	cows	T015	C0007452
28537612	729	734	sheep	T015	C0036945
28537612	736	741	goats	T015	C1510458
28537612	746	750	pigs	T015	C0039005
28537612	773	791	best-characterized	T052	C1880022
28537612	792	798	PrAMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	807	813	insect	T204	C0021585
28537612	814	822	oncocins	T116,T123	C2936048
28537612	832	838	Onc112	T116	C1254349
28537612	844	850	bovine	T015	C3667982
28537612	851	862	bactenecins	T116,T121	C0052891
28537612	872	876	Bac7	T116,T121	C0285830
28537612	878	889	Biochemical	T169	C0205474
28537612	894	912	structural studies	T104	C1254350
28537612	918	926	revealed	T080	C0443289
28537612	938	944	PrAMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	945	949	bind	T052	C1145667
28537612	961	970	ribosomal	T026	C0035553
28537612	990	997	reverse	T169	C1555029
28537612	998	1009	orientation	T082	C1704322
28537612	1032	1049	polypeptide chain	T116	C1305923
28537612	1055	1061	PrAMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	1068	1078	initiation	T045	C1519613
28537612	1083	1090	prevent	T169	C1292733
28537612	1095	1105	transition	T052	C2700061
28537612	1115	1125	elongation	T045	C1157562
28537612	1126	1131	phase	T079	C0205390
28537612	1135	1146	translation	T044	C0597295
28537612	1165	1177	interactions	T169	C1704675
28537612	1181	1187	PrAMPs	T116,T121	C4084937
28537612	1199	1208	ribosomal	T026	C0035553
28537612	1209	1215	target	T169	C1521840
28537612	1216	1224	provides	T052	C1999230
28537612	1244	1251	further	T082	C1517331
28537612	1266	1274	peptides	T116	C0030956
28537612	1278	1283	novel	T080	C0205314
28537612	1284	1304	antimicrobial agents	T121	C1136254

28537717|t|Organophosphate Esters in Air, Snow and Seawater in the North Atlantic and the Arctic
28537717|a|The concentrations of eight organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been investigated in air, snow and seawater samples collected during the cruise of ARK-XXVIII/2 from 6th June to 3rd July 2014 across the North Atlantic and the Arctic. The sum of gaseous and particle concentrations (∑OPE) ranged from 35 to 343 pg/m3. The three chlorinated OPEs accounted for 88 ± 5% of the ∑OPE. The most abundant OPE was tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), with concentrations ranging from 30 to 227 pg/m3, followed by three major OPEs, such as tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP, 0.8 to 82 pg/m3), tri-n-butyl phosphate (TnBP, 2 to 19 pg/m3) and tri-iso-butyl phosphate (TiBP, 0.3 to 14 pg/m3). The ∑OPE concentrations in snow and seawater ranged from 4356 to 10561 pg/L and from 348 to 8396 pg/L, respectively. The atmospheric particle -bound dry depositions of TCEP ranged from 2 to 12 ng/m2/day. The air - seawater gas exchange fluxes were dominated by net volatilization from seawater to air for TCEP (mean, 146 ± 239 ng/m2/day), TCPP (mean, 1670 ± 3031 ng/m2/day), TiBP (mean, 537 ± 581 ng/m2/day) and TnBP (mean, 230 ± 254 ng/m2/day). This study highlighted that OPEs are subject to long-range transport via both air and seawater from the European continent and seas to the North Atlantic and the Arctic.
28537717	0	22	Organophosphate Esters	T109	C0029224
28537717	26	29	Air	T167	C0001861
28537717	31	35	Snow	T070	C0037386
28537717	40	48	Seawater	T167	C0036499
28537717	56	70	North Atlantic	T083	C0004166
28537717	79	85	Arctic	T083	C0003740
28537717	90	104	concentrations	T081	C1264643
28537717	114	136	organophosphate esters	T109	C0029224
28537717	138	142	OPEs	T109	C0029224
28537717	170	173	air	T167	C0001861
28537717	175	179	snow	T070	C0037386
28537717	184	192	seawater	T167	C0036499
28537717	193	200	samples	T167	C0370003
28537717	222	244	cruise of ARK-XXVIII/2	T079	C1254367
28537717	287	301	North Atlantic	T083	C0004166
28537717	310	316	Arctic	T083	C0003740
28537717	322	325	sum	T081	C1515051
28537717	329	336	gaseous	T104	C0017110
28537717	341	349	particle	T104	C0597177
28537717	350	364	concentrations	T081	C1264643
28537717	366	370	∑OPE	T081	C0392762
28537717	411	427	chlorinated OPEs	T109	C0029224
28537717	457	461	∑OPE	T081	C0392762
28537717	472	480	abundant	T080	C2346714
28537717	481	484	OPE	T109	C0029224
28537717	489	519	tris-(2-chloroethyl) phosphate	T109	C0029224
28537717	521	525	TCEP	T109	C0029224
28537717	533	547	concentrations	T081	C1264643
28537717	602	606	OPEs	T109	C0029224
28537717	616	650	tris-(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate	T109	C0029224
28537717	652	656	TCPP	T109	C0029224
28537717	676	697	tri-n-butyl phosphate	T109,T121	C0077021
28537717	699	703	TnBP	T109,T121	C0077021
28537717	724	747	tri-iso-butyl phosphate	T109	C0029224
28537717	749	753	TiBP	T109	C0029224
28537717	777	781	∑OPE	T081	C0392762
28537717	782	796	concentrations	T081	C1264643
28537717	800	804	snow	T070	C0037386
28537717	809	817	seawater	T167	C0036499
28537717	894	914	atmospheric particle	T104	C0597177
28537717	922	937	dry depositions	T169	C0333562
28537717	941	945	TCEP	T109	C0029224
28537717	981	984	air	T167	C0001861
28537717	987	995	seawater	T167	C0036499
28537717	996	1015	gas exchange fluxes	T070	C2348693
28537717	1038	1052	volatilization	T070	C0042945
28537717	1058	1066	seawater	T167	C0036499
28537717	1078	1082	TCEP	T109	C0029224
28537717	1112	1116	TCPP	T109	C0029224
28537717	1148	1152	TiBP	T109	C0029224
28537717	1185	1189	TnBP	T109,T121	C0077021
28537717	1247	1251	OPEs	T109	C0029224
28537717	1267	1287	long-range transport	T070	C1254365
28537717	1297	1300	air	T167	C0001861
28537717	1297	1300	air	T167	C0001861
28537717	1305	1313	seawater	T167	C0036499
28537717	1323	1331	European	T083	C0015176
28537717	1332	1341	continent	T083	C0454690
28537717	1346	1350	seas	T083	C0036493
28537717	1358	1372	North Atlantic	T083	C0004166
28537717	1381	1387	Arctic	T083	C0003740

28538491|t|Committee Opinion No. 701 Summary: Choosing The Route Of Hysterectomy For Benign Disease
28538491|a|Hysterectomy is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the United States. Selection of the route of hysterectomy for benign causes can be influenced by the size and shape of the vagina and uterus; accessibility to the uterus; extent of extrauterine disease; the need for concurrent procedures; surgeon training and experience; average case volume; available hospital technology, devices, and support; whether the case is emergent or scheduled; and preference of the informed patient. Vaginal and laparoscopic procedures are considered " minimally invasive " surgical approaches because they do not require a large abdominal incision and, thus, typically are associated with shortened hospitalization and postoperative recovery times compared with open abdominal hysterectomy. Minimally invasive approaches to hysterectomy should be performed, whenever feasible, based on their well-documented advantages over abdominal hysterectomy. The vaginal approach is preferred among the minimally invasive approaches. Laparoscopic hysterectomy is a preferable alternative to open abdominal hysterectomy for those patients in whom a vaginal hysterectomy is not indicated or feasible. Although minimally invasive approaches to hysterectomy are the preferred route, open abdominal hysterectomy remains an important surgical option for some patients. The obstetrician - gynecologist should discuss the options with patients and make clear recommendations on which route of hysterectomy will maximize benefits and minimize risks given the specific clinical situation. The relative advantages and disadvantages of the approaches to hysterectomy should be discussed in the context of the patient 's values and preferences, and the patient and health care provider should together determine the best course of action after this discussion.
28538491	0	9	Committee	T096	C2699414
28538491	48	53	Route	T082	C0449444
28538491	57	69	Hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28538491	74	80	Benign	T080	C0205183
28538491	81	88	Disease	T047	C0012634
28538491	89	101	Hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28538491	142	161	surgical procedures	T061	C0543467
28538491	169	182	United States	T083	C0041703
28538491	184	193	Selection	T052	C1707391
28538491	201	206	route	T082	C0449444
28538491	210	222	hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28538491	227	233	benign	T080	C0205183
28538491	266	270	size	T082	C0456389
28538491	275	280	shape	T082	C0332479
28538491	288	294	vagina	T023	C0042232
28538491	299	305	uterus	T023	C0042149
28538491	328	334	uterus	T023	C0042149
28538491	346	366	extrauterine disease	T047	C0012634
28538491	404	411	surgeon	T097	C0582175
28538491	412	420	training	T065	C0220931
28538491	425	435	experience	T041	C0596545
28538491	445	456	case volume	T081	C0392762
28538491	468	476	hospital	T073,T093	C0019994
28538491	477	487	technology	T058	C0752189
28538491	489	496	devices	T074	C0025080
28538491	585	592	patient	T101	C0030705
28538491	594	601	Vaginal	T061	C0195117
28538491	606	629	laparoscopic procedures	T061	C0751429
28538491	647	665	minimally invasive	T169	C2711297
28538491	668	687	surgical approaches	T169	C0449446
28538491	724	742	abdominal incision	T061	C0198488
28538491	794	809	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28538491	814	842	postoperative recovery times	T033	C4061108
28538491	862	884	abdominal hysterectomy	T061	C0404077
28538491	886	915	Minimally invasive approaches	T169	C2711297
28538491	919	931	hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28538491	1019	1041	abdominal hysterectomy	T061	C0404077
28538491	1047	1063	vaginal approach	T082	C0175672
28538491	1087	1116	minimally invasive approaches	T169	C2711297
28538491	1118	1143	Laparoscopic hysterectomy	T061	C0404089
28538491	1180	1202	abdominal hysterectomy	T061	C0404077
28538491	1213	1221	patients	T101	C0030705
28538491	1232	1252	vaginal hysterectomy	T061	C0020700
28538491	1292	1321	minimally invasive approaches	T169	C2711297
28538491	1325	1337	hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28538491	1356	1361	route	T082	C0449444
28538491	1363	1367	open	T061	C4283938
28538491	1368	1390	abdominal hysterectomy	T061	C0404077
28538491	1437	1445	patients	T101	C0030705
28538491	1451	1463	obstetrician	T097	C0334897
28538491	1466	1478	gynecologist	T097	C0237419
28538491	1511	1519	patients	T101	C0030705
28538491	1560	1565	route	T082	C0449444
28538491	1569	1581	hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28538491	1596	1604	benefits	T081	C0814225
28538491	1618	1623	risks	T078	C0035647
28538491	1712	1722	approaches	T169	C1292724
28538491	1726	1738	hysterectomy	T061	C0020699
28538491	1781	1788	patient	T101	C0030705
28538491	1803	1814	preferences	T080	C0376409
28538491	1824	1831	patient	T101	C0030705
28538491	1836	1856	health care provider	T097	C0018724

28538498|t|Ghrelin Protects the Thymic Epithelium From Conditioning-Regimen - Induced Damage and Promotes the Restoration of CD4+ T Cells in Mice After Bone Marrow Transplantation
28538498|a|The delay in immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), especially a delay in central immune reconstitution, leads to opportunistic infections and disease relapse after transplantation and affects the long-term outcome of HSCT. This delay is mainly attributable to thymic damage after myeloablative chemotherapy and radiotherapy METHODS: We established a model of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in mice and administered ghrelin (GRL) 7 days before the conditioning regimen or the day after BMT. All the GRL - treated mice, especially those administered GRL prior to the conditioning regimen, exhibited more intact thymic architecture and a more rapid restoration of CD4 T lymphocytes after BMT than those of the corresponding control mice. Moreover, the levels of T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) were significantly higher in the mice treated with GRL prior to the conditioning regimen than in the control mice at 28 days after BMT. Our finding s suggest that GRL may be a novel potential therapeutic approach to protecting the thymic epithelium from conditioning-regimen - induced damage and promoting rapid and durable thymic and peripheral CD4 T cell recovery after HSCT.
28538498	0	7	Ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
28538498	8	16	Protects	T033	C1545588
28538498	21	38	Thymic Epithelium	T025	C0229951
28538498	44	64	Conditioning-Regimen	T061	C0376450
28538498	67	74	Induced	T169	C0205263
28538498	75	81	Damage	T169	C1883709
28538498	86	94	Promotes	T052	C0033414
28538498	99	110	Restoration	T061	C1283255
28538498	114	126	CD4+ T Cells	T025	C0039215
28538498	130	134	Mice	T015	C0026809
28538498	141	168	Bone Marrow Transplantation	T061	C0005961
28538498	173	178	delay	T079	C0205421
28538498	182	203	immune reconstitution	T033	C1960768
28538498	210	249	hematopoietic stem cell transplantation	T061	C0472699
28538498	251	255	HSCT	T061	C0472699
28538498	271	276	delay	T079	C0205421
28538498	288	309	immune reconstitution	T047	C1096197
28538498	320	344	opportunistic infections	T047	C0029118
28538498	349	364	disease relapse	T047	C0277556
28538498	371	386	transplantation	T061	C0040732
28538498	403	412	long-term	T079	C0443252
28538498	413	420	outcome	T080	C0085415
28538498	424	428	HSCT	T061	C0472699
28538498	435	440	delay	T079	C0205421
28538498	467	480	thymic damage	T037	C3897359
28538498	487	513	myeloablative chemotherapy	T061	C1513784
28538498	518	530	radiotherapy	T061	C1522449
28538498	543	554	established	T080	C0443211
28538498	566	576	allogeneic	T080	C1515895
28538498	577	604	bone marrow transplantation	T061	C0005961
28538498	606	609	BMT	T061	C0005961
28538498	614	618	mice	T015	C0026809
28538498	623	635	administered	T169	C1521801
28538498	636	643	ghrelin	T116,T125	C0911014
28538498	645	648	GRL	T116,T125	C0911014
28538498	652	656	days	T079	C0439228
28538498	668	688	conditioning regimen	T061	C0376450
28538498	706	709	BMT	T061	C0005961
28538498	719	722	GRL	T116,T125	C0911014
28538498	725	732	treated	T169	C1522326
28538498	733	737	mice	T015	C0026809
28538498	756	768	administered	T169	C1521801
28538498	769	772	GRL	T116,T125	C0911014
28538498	786	806	conditioning regimen	T061	C0376450
28538498	830	836	thymic	T023	C0040113
28538498	861	866	rapid	T080	C0456962
28538498	867	878	restoration	T061	C1283255
28538498	882	899	CD4 T lymphocytes	T025	C0039215
28538498	906	909	BMT	T061	C0005961
28538498	942	949	control	T080	C0243148
28538498	950	954	mice	T015	C0026809
28538498	980	1012	T cell receptor excision circles	T114	C1515131
28538498	1014	1019	TRECs	T114	C1515131
28538498	1026	1046	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28538498	1054	1058	mice	T015	C0026809
28538498	1059	1071	treated with	T061	C0332293
28538498	1072	1075	GRL	T116,T125	C0911014
28538498	1089	1109	conditioning regimen	T061	C0376450
28538498	1122	1129	control	T080	C0243148
28538498	1130	1134	mice	T015	C0026809
28538498	1141	1145	days	T079	C0439228
28538498	1152	1155	BMT	T061	C0005961
28538498	1161	1168	finding	T033	C0243095
28538498	1184	1187	GRL	T116,T125	C0911014
28538498	1197	1202	novel	T080	C0205314
28538498	1203	1212	potential	T080	C3245505
28538498	1213	1224	therapeutic	T169	C0302350
28538498	1252	1258	thymic	T023	C0040113
28538498	1259	1269	epithelium	T024	C0014609
28538498	1275	1295	conditioning-regimen	T061	C0376450
28538498	1298	1305	induced	T169	C0205263
28538498	1306	1312	damage	T169	C1883709
28538498	1327	1332	rapid	T080	C0456962
28538498	1345	1351	thymic	T023	C0040113
28538498	1356	1366	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28538498	1367	1377	CD4 T cell	T025	C0039215
28538498	1378	1386	recovery	T040	C2004454
28538498	1393	1397	HSCT	T061	C0472699

28538914|t|The regulation and adoption of health technologies under Brazil's Unified Health System: barriers to access to medicines for diseases of poverty?
28538914|a|The study aimed to examine the regulation and adoption of health technologies for the diseases of poverty in the Brazil's Unified Health System (SUS). An exploratory, descriptive study was conducted between January and May 2016 consisting of the search and analysis of relevant documents on the websites of Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the National Commission for the Adoption of Technologies by the SUS, and Saúde Legis (the Ministry of Health's Legislation System). The 2014 version of the Brazilian National List of Essential Medicines (RENAME, acronym in Portuguese) contained 132 medicines for diseases of poverty. Over one-third of these (49) had only one national producer, while 24 were not registered in the country. The number of medicines contained in the RENAME dedicated to this group of diseases increased by 46% between 2006 and 2014. Despite advances in the regulation and incorporation of technologies by the SUS, given the lack of market interest and neglect of diseases of poverty, the government has a vital role to play in ensuring access to the best available therapies in order to reduce health inequalities. It therefore follows that Brazil needs to improve the regulation of medicines that do not attract market interest.
28538914	4	14	regulation	T064	C0851285
28538914	31	50	health technologies	T058	C0752189
28538914	57	65	Brazil's	T083	C0006137
28538914	66	87	Unified Health System	T093	C0018696
28538914	111	120	medicines	T121	C0013227
28538914	125	133	diseases	T047	C0012634
28538914	137	144	poverty	T102	C0032854
28538914	177	187	regulation	T064	C0851285
28538914	204	223	health technologies	T058	C0752189
28538914	232	240	diseases	T047	C0012634
28538914	244	251	poverty	T102	C0032854
28538914	259	267	Brazil's	T083	C0006137
28538914	268	289	Unified Health System	T093	C0018696
28538914	291	294	SUS	T093	C0018696
28538914	453	461	Brazil's	T083	C0006137
28538914	462	497	National Health Surveillance Agency	T093	C1708333
28538914	503	536	U.S. Food and Drug Administration	T093	C0041714
28538914	538	541	FDA	T093	C0041714
28538914	548	573	European Medicines Agency	T093	C1708333
28538914	575	578	EMA	T093	C1708333
28538914	585	637	National Commission for the Adoption of Technologies	T093	C1708333
28538914	645	648	SUS	T093	C0018696
28538914	671	710	Ministry of Health's Legislation System	T093	C0018696
28538914	722	729	version	T170	C0333052
28538914	737	746	Brazilian	T033	C0238815
28538914	747	783	National List of Essential Medicines	T170	C0282574
28538914	785	791	RENAME	T170	C0282574
28538914	804	814	Portuguese	T171	C0376250
28538914	830	839	medicines	T121	C0013227
28538914	844	852	diseases	T047	C0012634
28538914	856	863	poverty	T102	C0032854
28538914	907	915	national	T082	C0681788
28538914	916	924	producer	T098	C1709696
28538914	962	969	country	T083	C0454664
28538914	975	981	number	T081	C0237753
28538914	985	994	medicines	T121	C0013227
28538914	1012	1018	RENAME	T170	C0282574
28538914	1037	1042	group	T078	C0441833
28538914	1046	1054	diseases	T047	C0012634
28538914	1055	1064	increased	T081	C0205217
28538914	1103	1111	advances	T079	C3854260
28538914	1119	1129	regulation	T064	C0851285
28538914	1134	1147	incorporation	T169	C0243126
28538914	1151	1163	technologies	T058	C0752189
28538914	1171	1174	SUS	T093	C0018696
28538914	1186	1190	lack	T080	C0332268
28538914	1194	1200	market	T169	C0525052
28538914	1201	1209	interest	T065	C0237439
28538914	1225	1233	diseases	T047	C0012634
28538914	1237	1244	poverty	T102	C0032854
28538914	1250	1260	government	T092	C0018104
28538914	1327	1336	therapies	T061	C0087111
28538914	1356	1362	health	T078	C0018684
28538914	1363	1375	inequalities	T080	C0242503
28538914	1403	1409	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28538914	1410	1415	needs	T080	C0027552
28538914	1419	1426	improve	T033	C0184511
28538914	1431	1441	regulation	T064	C0851285
28538914	1445	1454	medicines	T121	C0013227
28538914	1475	1481	market	T169	C0525052
28538914	1482	1490	interest	T065	C0237439

28538990|t|Measuring nonlinear signal combination using EEG
28538990|a|Relatively little is known about the processes, both linear and nonlinear, by which signals are combined beyond V1. By presenting two stimulus components simultaneously, flickering at different temporal frequencies (frequency tagging) while measuring steady-state visual evoked potentials, we can assess responses to the individual components, including direct measurements of suppression on each other, and various nonlinear responses to their combination found at intermodulation frequencies. The result is a rather rich dataset of frequencies at which responses can be found. We presented pairs of sinusoidal gratings at different temporal frequencies, forming plaid patterns that were " coherent " (looking like a checkerboar d) and " noncoherent " (looking like a pair of transparently overlaid gratings), and found clear intermodulation responses to compound stimuli, indicating nonlinear summation. This might have been attributed to cross-orientation suppression except that the pattern of intermodulation responses differed for coherent and noncoherent patterns, whereas the effects of suppression (measured at the component frequencies) did not. A two-stage model of nonlinear summation involving conjunction detection with a logical AND gate described the data well, capturing the difference between coherent and noncoherent plaids over a wide array of possible response frequencies. Multistimulus frequency -tagged EEG in combination with computational modeling may be a very valuable tool in studying the conjunction of these signals. In the current study the results suggest a second-order mechanism responding selectively to coherent plaid patterns.
28538990	0	9	Measuring	T080	C0444706
28538990	10	19	nonlinear	T080	C0205556
28538990	20	26	signal	T067	C1710082
28538990	27	38	combination	T080	C0205195
28538990	45	48	EEG	T060	C0013819
28538990	49	59	Relatively	T080	C0205345
28538990	86	95	processes	T067	C1522240
28538990	102	108	linear	T082	C0205132
28538990	113	122	nonlinear	T080	C0205556
28538990	133	140	signals	T067	C1710082
28538990	145	153	combined	T080	C0205195
28538990	161	163	V1	T029	C0038446
28538990	183	191	stimulus	T067	C0234402
28538990	192	202	components	T077	C1705248
28538990	203	217	simultaneously	T079	C0521115
28538990	219	229	flickering	T033	C0243095
28538990	233	242	different	T080	C1705242
28538990	243	263	temporal frequencies	T079	C0871500
28538990	265	274	frequency	T081	C0871396
28538990	275	282	tagging	T074	C0183825
28538990	290	299	measuring	T080	C0444706
28538990	300	312	steady-state	T070	C0678587
28538990	313	337	visual evoked potentials	T042	C0015217
28538990	346	352	assess	T058	C0184514
28538990	353	362	responses	T032	C0871261
28538990	381	391	components	T077	C1705248
28538990	403	409	direct	T080	C1947931
28538990	410	422	measurements	T169	C0242485
28538990	426	437	suppression	T046	C0221103
28538990	465	474	nonlinear	T080	C0205556
28538990	475	484	responses	T032	C0871261
28538990	494	505	combination	T080	C0205195
28538990	515	530	intermodulation	T080	C0205556
28538990	531	542	frequencies	T081	C0871396
28538990	548	554	result	T034	C0456984
28538990	572	579	dataset	T170	C0150098
28538990	583	594	frequencies	T081	C0871396
28538990	604	613	responses	T032	C0871261
28538990	641	646	pairs	T080	C1709450
28538990	650	669	sinusoidal gratings	T082	C1254362
28538990	673	682	different	T080	C1705242
28538990	683	703	temporal frequencies	T079	C0871500
28538990	713	727	plaid patterns	T033	C0243095
28538990	740	748	coherent	T033	C4068804
28538990	752	778	looking like a checkerboar	T082	C0456340
28538990	788	799	noncoherent	T033	C0243095
28538990	818	822	pair	T080	C1709450
28538990	826	839	transparently	T080	C0522503
28538990	840	857	overlaid gratings	T082	C0456341
28538990	876	891	intermodulation	T080	C0205556
28538990	892	901	responses	T032	C0871261
28538990	905	913	compound	T080	C0205198
28538990	914	921	stimuli	T067	C0234402
28538990	934	943	nonlinear	T080	C0205556
28538990	944	953	summation	T042	C0234109
28538990	990	1007	cross-orientation	T082	C1704322
28538990	1008	1019	suppression	T046	C0221103
28538990	1036	1043	pattern	T082	C0449774
28538990	1047	1062	intermodulation	T080	C0205556
28538990	1063	1072	responses	T032	C0871261
28538990	1073	1081	differed	T080	C0205556
28538990	1086	1094	coherent	T033	C4068804
28538990	1099	1110	noncoherent	T033	C0243095
28538990	1111	1119	patterns	T082	C0449774
28538990	1133	1143	effects of	T080	C1704420
28538990	1144	1155	suppression	T046	C0221103
28538990	1173	1182	component	T077	C1705248
28538990	1183	1194	frequencies	T081	C0871396
28538990	1207	1222	two-stage model	T170	C3161035
28538990	1226	1235	nonlinear	T080	C0205556
28538990	1236	1245	summation	T042	C0234109
28538990	1256	1267	conjunction	T078	C2699427
28538990	1268	1277	detection	T061	C1511790
28538990	1285	1292	logical	T077	C1705253
28538990	1293	1301	AND gate	T170	C0282574
28538990	1316	1320	data	T078	C1511726
28538990	1341	1351	difference	T081	C1705241
28538990	1360	1368	coherent	T033	C4068804
28538990	1373	1384	noncoherent	T033	C0243095
28538990	1385	1391	plaids	T082	C1254362
28538990	1404	1409	array	T082	C1510941
28538990	1413	1421	possible	T033	C0332149
28538990	1422	1442	response frequencies	T079	C0237629
28538990	1444	1457	Multistimulus	T080	C0205556
28538990	1458	1467	frequency	T081	C0871396
28538990	1476	1479	EEG	T060	C0013819
28538990	1483	1494	combination	T080	C0205195
28538990	1500	1522	computational modeling	T066	C3850009
28538990	1567	1578	conjunction	T078	C2699427
28538990	1588	1595	signals	T067	C1710082
28538990	1612	1617	study	T062	C2603343
28538990	1622	1629	results	T034	C0456984
28538990	1640	1662	second-order mechanism	T042	C0597439
28538990	1674	1685	selectively	T080	C0205556
28538990	1689	1697	coherent	T033	C4068804
28538990	1698	1712	plaid patterns	T033	C0243095

28539075|t|Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: Associations with clinical, MRI and CSF parameters
28539075|a|Damage of different brain structures has been related to fatigue. Alternatively, functional alterations of central nervous system (CNS) cells by the inflammatory milieu within the CNS may be responsible for the development of fatigue. To investigate the effect of structural brain damage and inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes on fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS). We determined the association of different clinical, CSF and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters with prevalence and severity of fatigue, as measured by the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions in 68 early MS patients (discovery cohort). We validated our findings in two MS cohorts: the MRI validation cohort (N = 233) for the clinical and MRI parameters, and the CSF validation cohort (N = 81) for the clinical and CSF parameters. Fatigue was associated with clinical disability. Fatigue did not correlate with any CSF parameter but correlated negatively with total and cortical grey matter volume. However, when controlling for Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in a multivariate model, these associations lost significance. Disability and disease duration best explain fatigue severity but none of the tested MRI or CSF parameter was reliably associated with fatigue.
28539075	0	7	Fatigue	T184	C0015672
28539075	11	29	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
28539075	31	43	Associations	T080	C0439849
28539075	49	57	clinical	T080	C0205210
28539075	59	62	MRI	T060	C0024485
28539075	67	70	CSF	T031	C0007806
28539075	71	81	parameters	T077	C0549193
28539075	82	88	Damage	T037	C0270611
28539075	102	118	brain structures	T023	C0006104
28539075	128	135	related	T080	C0439849
28539075	139	146	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28539075	163	173	functional	T169	C0205245
28539075	174	185	alterations	T078	C1515926
28539075	189	211	central nervous system	T022	C3714787
28539075	213	216	CNS	T022	C3714787
28539075	218	223	cells	T025	C0007634
28539075	231	243	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28539075	244	250	milieu	T082	C0014406
28539075	262	265	CNS	T022	C3714787
28539075	293	304	development	T169	C1527148
28539075	308	315	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28539075	320	331	investigate	T169	C1292732
28539075	336	345	effect of	T080	C1704420
28539075	346	356	structural	T082	C0678594
28539075	357	369	brain damage	T037	C0270611
28539075	374	386	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28539075	387	406	cerebrospinal fluid	T031	C0007806
28539075	408	411	CSF	T031	C0007806
28539075	413	420	changes	T169	C0392747
28539075	424	431	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28539075	435	453	multiple sclerosis	T047	C0026769
28539075	455	457	MS	T047	C0026769
28539075	478	489	association	T080	C0439849
28539075	503	511	clinical	T080	C0205210
28539075	513	516	CSF	T031	C0007806
28539075	521	547	magnetic resonance imaging	T060	C0024485
28539075	549	552	MRI	T060	C0024485
28539075	554	564	parameters	T077	C0549193
28539075	570	580	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28539075	585	593	severity	T080	C0392364
28539075	597	604	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28539075	609	617	measured	T080	C0444706
28539075	625	672	Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions	T170	C0349674
28539075	679	684	early	T079	C1279919
28539075	685	687	MS	T047	C0026769
28539075	688	696	patients	T101	C0030705
28539075	698	714	discovery cohort	T098	C0599755
28539075	734	742	findings	T033	C0243095
28539075	750	752	MS	T047	C0026769
28539075	753	760	cohorts	T098	C0599755
28539075	766	769	MRI	T060	C0024485
28539075	770	787	validation cohort	T098	C0599755
28539075	806	814	clinical	T080	C0205210
28539075	819	822	MRI	T060	C0024485
28539075	823	833	parameters	T077	C0549193
28539075	843	846	CSF	T031	C0007806
28539075	847	864	validation cohort	T098	C0599755
28539075	882	890	clinical	T080	C0205210
28539075	895	898	CSF	T031	C0007806
28539075	899	909	parameters	T077	C0549193
28539075	911	918	Fatigue	T184	C0015672
28539075	923	938	associated with	T080	C0332281
28539075	939	947	clinical	T080	C0205210
28539075	948	958	disability	T033	C0231170
28539075	960	967	Fatigue	T184	C0015672
28539075	972	975	not	T169	C1518422
28539075	976	985	correlate	T080	C1707520
28539075	995	998	CSF	T031	C0007806
28539075	999	1008	parameter	T077	C0549193
28539075	1013	1023	correlated	T080	C1707520
28539075	1024	1034	negatively	T033	C1513916
28539075	1040	1045	total	T080	C0439810
28539075	1050	1058	cortical	T023	C0007776
28539075	1059	1070	grey matter	T024	C0018220
28539075	1071	1077	volume	T081	C0449468
28539075	1093	1104	controlling	T067	C2239193
28539075	1109	1141	Expanded Disability Status Scale	T170	C0451246
28539075	1143	1147	EDSS	T170	C0451246
28539075	1154	1166	multivariate	T080	C0681923
28539075	1167	1172	model	T170	C3161035
28539075	1180	1192	associations	T080	C0439849
28539075	1193	1197	lost	T169	C0745777
28539075	1198	1210	significance	T078	C0750502
28539075	1212	1222	Disability	T033	C0231170
28539075	1227	1234	disease	T047	C0012634
28539075	1235	1243	duration	T079	C0449238
28539075	1257	1264	fatigue	T184	C0015672
28539075	1265	1273	severity	T080	C0392364
28539075	1290	1296	tested	T169	C0039593
28539075	1297	1300	MRI	T060	C0024485
28539075	1304	1307	CSF	T031	C0007806
28539075	1308	1317	parameter	T077	C0549193
28539075	1331	1346	associated with	T080	C0332281
28539075	1347	1354	fatigue	T184	C0015672

28539192|t|Shared Decision Making and the promise of a respectful and equitable healthcare system in Peru
28539192|a|Peru has achieved sustained development in the last two decades. However, despite this achievement, it has not been matched with improvements in the quality of education and health; investment in both sectors is among the lowest in the region. This situation perpetuates huge gaps in infrastructure and also conditions a poor literacy level of the population specifically in health. Currently, there is a fragmented model of patient care, in which the systems are exclusive of each other. They do not cooperate or communicate with each other; and if there is no vertical communication within the system, preventing referral of patients directly from the basic level to the complex level of care when needed. In addition, there has been no progress in the development of an empathetic, respectful or person-centered clinical practice; instead, economic, social and educational differences perpetuate a paternalistic clinical practice. The task of orienting medical training towards the development of humanism is pending. The patient is the center of the medical act and the main objective of doctors' actions. A humanistic care approach will not only empower the person in the clinical encounter - to participate and make decisions related to his/her health care - but it will allow us to move towards an empathetic, caring, respectful and kind model of clinical practice.
28539192	0	22	Shared Decision Making	T041	C3179495
28539192	31	38	promise	T078	C1555307
28539192	69	86	healthcare system	T093	C0018696
28539192	90	94	Peru	T083	C0031238
28539192	95	99	Peru	T083	C0031238
28539192	113	134	sustained development	T070	C0282113
28539192	151	158	decades	T081	C2981279
28539192	224	236	improvements	T057	C2936612
28539192	244	264	quality of education	T080	C0870471
28539192	269	275	health	T058	C0034379
28539192	296	303	sectors	T078	C0009433
28539192	331	337	region	T083	C0017446
28539192	371	375	gaps	T033	C4277599
28539192	379	393	infrastructure	T058	C1254363
28539192	416	435	poor literacy level	T033	C1401894
28539192	443	453	population	T098	C1257890
28539192	470	476	health	T078	C0018684
28539192	511	516	model	T170	C3161035
28539192	520	532	patient care	T058	C0017313
28539192	547	554	systems	T093	C0018696
28539192	596	605	cooperate	T054	C0392337
28539192	609	620	communicate	T054	C0009452
28539192	666	679	communication	T054	C0009452
28539192	691	697	system	T093	C0018696
28539192	710	730	referral of patients	T058	C0034927
28539192	749	760	basic level	T033	C1547668
28539192	768	781	complex level	T033	C1547668
28539192	785	789	care	T058	C0017313
28539192	850	861	development	T169	C1527148
28539192	894	927	person-centered clinical practice	T058	C1254363
28539192	938	946	economic	T169	C0013557
28539192	948	954	social	T169	C0728831
28539192	959	970	educational	T065	C0013652
28539192	1010	1027	clinical practice	T058	C1254363
28539192	1051	1067	medical training	T065	C0220931
28539192	1080	1091	development	T169	C1527148
28539192	1095	1103	humanism	T078	C0020156
28539192	1120	1127	patient	T101	C0030705
28539192	1149	1160	medical act	T062	C0079816
28539192	1187	1195	doctors'	T097	C0031831
28539192	1207	1231	humanistic care approach	T052	C1947933
28539192	1258	1264	person	T098	C0027361
28539192	1346	1357	health care	T058	C0086388
28539192	1412	1418	caring	T055	C0150499
28539192	1420	1430	respectful	T054	C0679133
28539192	1440	1445	model	T170	C3161035
28539192	1449	1466	clinical practice	T058	C1254363

28539349|t|Sleep Loss Promotes Astrocytic Phagocytosis and Microglial Activation in Mouse Cerebral Cortex
28539349|a|We previously found that Mertk and its ligand Gas6, astrocytic genes involved in phagocytosis, are upregulated after acute sleep deprivation. These results suggested that astrocytes may engage in phagocytic activity during extended wake, but direct evidence was lacking. Studies in humans and rodents also found that sleep loss increases peripheral markers of inflammation, but whether these changes are associated with neuroinflammation and/or activation of microglia, the brain's resident innate immune cells, was unknown. Here we used serial block-face scanning electron microscopy to obtain 3D volume measurements of synapses and surrounding astrocytic processes in mouse frontal cortex after 6-8 h of sleep, spontaneous wake, or sleep deprivation (SD) and after chronic (∼5 d) sleep restriction (CSR). Astrocytic phagocytosis, mainly of presynaptic components of large synapses, increased after both acute and chronic sleep loss relative to sleep and wake. MERTK expression and lipid peroxidation in synaptoneurosomes also increased to a similar extent after short and long sleep loss, suggesting that astrocytic phagocytosis may represent the brain's response to the increase in synaptic activity associated with prolonged wake, clearing worn components of heavily used synapses. Using confocal microscopy, we then found that CSR but not SD mice show morphological signs of microglial activation and enhanced microglial phagocytosis of synaptic elements, without obvious signs of neuroinflammation in the CSF. Because low - level sustained microglia activation can lead to abnormal responses to a secondary insult, these results suggest that chronic sleep loss, through microglia priming, may predispose the brain to further damage .SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We find that astrocytic phagocytosis of synaptic elements, mostly of presynaptic origin and in large synapses, is upregulated already after a few hours of sleep deprivation and shows a further significant increase after prolonged and severe sleep loss, suggesting that it may promote the housekeeping of heavily used and strong synapses in response to the increased neuronal activity of extended wake. By contrast, chronic sleep restriction but not acute sleep loss activates microglia, promotes their phagocytic activity, and does so in the absence of overt signs of neuroinflammation, suggesting that like many other stressors, extended sleep disruption may lead to a state of sustained microglia activation, perhaps increasing the brain's susceptibility to other forms of damage.
28539349	0	10	Sleep Loss	T033	C0235161
28539349	11	19	Promotes	T052	C0033414
28539349	20	30	Astrocytic	T029	C0521395
28539349	31	43	Phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28539349	48	69	Microglial Activation	T043	C1326169
28539349	73	94	Mouse Cerebral Cortex	T024	C1522579
28539349	120	125	Mertk	T116,T126,T192	C1259418
28539349	134	145	ligand Gas6	T116,T123	C1567829
28539349	147	157	astrocytic	T029	C0521395
28539349	158	163	genes	T028	C0017337
28539349	176	188	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28539349	194	205	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28539349	206	211	after	T079	C0687676
28539349	212	217	acute	T079	C0205178
28539349	218	235	sleep deprivation	T033	C0037316
28539349	266	276	astrocytes	T025	C0004112
28539349	291	310	phagocytic activity	T043	C0031308
28539349	311	317	during	T079	C0347984
28539349	318	326	extended	T082	C0231449
28539349	327	331	wake	T039	C0442696
28539349	337	343	direct	T080	C1947931
28539349	344	352	evidence	T078	C3887511
28539349	357	364	lacking	T080	C0332268
28539349	366	373	Studies	T062	C2603343
28539349	377	383	humans	T016	C0086418
28539349	388	395	rodents	T015	C0035804
28539349	401	406	found	T033	C0150312
28539349	412	422	sleep loss	T033	C0235161
28539349	423	432	increases	T169	C0442805
28539349	433	443	peripheral	T082	C0205100
28539349	444	451	markers	T201	C0005516
28539349	455	467	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28539349	487	494	changes	T169	C0392747
28539349	499	514	associated with	T080	C0332281
28539349	515	532	neuroinflammation	UnknownType	C0683396
28539349	540	550	activation	T043	C1326120
28539349	554	563	microglia	T025	C0206116
28539349	569	576	brain's	T023	C0006104
28539349	586	605	innate immune cells	T025	C0312740
28539349	611	618	unknown	T080	C0439673
28539349	628	632	used	T169	C1524063
28539349	633	679	serial block-face scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
28539349	693	699	volume	T081	C0449468
28539349	700	712	measurements	T169	C0242485
28539349	716	724	synapses	T030	C0039062
28539349	729	740	surrounding	T082	C1282914
28539349	741	751	astrocytic	T029	C0521395
28539349	752	761	processes	T038	C3714634
28539349	765	770	mouse	T015	C0025929
28539349	771	785	frontal cortex	T023	C0016733
28539349	786	791	after	T079	C0687676
28539349	801	806	sleep	T040	C0037313
28539349	808	819	spontaneous	T169	C0205359
28539349	820	824	wake	T039	C0442696
28539349	829	846	sleep deprivation	T033	C0037316
28539349	848	850	SD	T033	C0037316
28539349	856	861	after	T079	C0687676
28539349	862	894	chronic (∼5 d) sleep restriction	T169	C0443288
28539349	896	899	CSR	T169	C0443288
28539349	902	912	Astrocytic	T029	C0521395
28539349	913	925	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28539349	937	977	presynaptic components of large synapses	T026	C1179895
28539349	979	988	increased	T081	C0205217
28539349	989	994	after	T079	C0687676
28539349	995	999	both	T080	C1706086
28539349	1000	1005	acute	T079	C0205178
28539349	1010	1017	chronic	T079	C0205191
28539349	1018	1028	sleep loss	T033	C0235161
28539349	1029	1037	relative	T080	C0205345
28539349	1041	1046	sleep	T040	C0037313
28539349	1051	1055	wake	T039	C0442696
28539349	1057	1062	MERTK	T116,T126,T192	C1259417
28539349	1063	1073	expression	T045	C1171362
28539349	1078	1096	lipid peroxidation	T044	C0023775
28539349	1100	1117	synaptoneurosomes	T026	C0039067
28539349	1123	1132	increased	T081	C0205217
28539349	1138	1145	similar	T080	C2348205
28539349	1146	1152	extent	T082	C0439792
28539349	1153	1158	after	T079	C0687676
28539349	1159	1164	short	T081	C1806781
28539349	1169	1173	long	T080	C0205166
28539349	1174	1184	sleep loss	T033	C0235161
28539349	1202	1212	astrocytic	T029	C0521395
28539349	1213	1225	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28539349	1230	1239	represent	T052	C1882932
28539349	1244	1251	brain's	T023	C0006104
28539349	1252	1260	response	T032	C0871261
28539349	1268	1276	increase	T169	C0442805
28539349	1280	1297	synaptic activity	T043	C0027793
28539349	1298	1313	associated with	T080	C0332281
28539349	1314	1323	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28539349	1324	1328	wake	T039	C0442696
28539349	1330	1338	clearing	T080	C2963144
28539349	1366	1370	used	T169	C1524063
28539349	1371	1379	synapses	T030	C0039062
28539349	1381	1386	Using	T169	C1524063
28539349	1387	1406	confocal microscopy	T059	C0242842
28539349	1416	1421	found	T033	C0150312
28539349	1427	1430	CSR	T169	C0443288
28539349	1435	1438	not	T169	C1518422
28539349	1439	1441	SD	T033	C0037316
28539349	1442	1446	mice	T015	C0025929
28539349	1452	1465	morphological	T082	C0543482
28539349	1466	1471	signs	T184	C0037088
28539349	1475	1496	microglial activation	T043	C1326169
28539349	1501	1509	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28539349	1510	1520	microglial	T029	C0521398
28539349	1521	1533	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28539349	1537	1554	synaptic elements	T026	C3893360
28539349	1556	1563	without	T080	C0332288
28539349	1572	1577	signs	T184	C0037088
28539349	1581	1598	neuroinflammation	UnknownType	C0683396
28539349	1606	1609	CSF	T031	C0007806
28539349	1619	1622	low	T080	C0205251
28539349	1625	1630	level	T080	C0441889
28539349	1631	1640	sustained	T169	C0443318
28539349	1641	1661	microglia activation	T043	C1326169
28539349	1674	1682	abnormal	T033	C0205161
28539349	1683	1692	responses	T032	C0871261
28539349	1698	1707	secondary	T080	C0175668
28539349	1708	1714	insult	T037	C0598698
28539349	1722	1729	results	T169	C1274040
28539349	1730	1737	suggest	T078	C1705535
28539349	1743	1750	chronic	T079	C0205191
28539349	1751	1761	sleep loss	T033	C0235161
28539349	1763	1770	through	T169	C0332273
28539349	1771	1780	microglia	T025	C0206116
28539349	1781	1788	priming	T043	C0007613
28539349	1809	1814	brain	T023	C0006104
28539349	1818	1825	further	T082	C1517331
28539349	1826	1832	damage	T169	C1883709
28539349	1860	1864	find	T033	C0243095
28539349	1870	1880	astrocytic	T029	C0521395
28539349	1881	1893	phagocytosis	T043	C0031308
28539349	1897	1914	synaptic elements	T026	C3893360
28539349	1926	1944	presynaptic origin	T026	C3893360
28539349	1952	1957	large	T081	C0549177
28539349	1958	1966	synapses	T030	C0039062
28539349	1971	1982	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28539349	1991	1996	after	T079	C0687676
28539349	1999	2002	few	T081	C0205388
28539349	2003	2008	hours	T079	C0439227
28539349	2012	2029	sleep deprivation	T033	C0037316
28539349	2042	2049	further	T082	C1517331
28539349	2050	2061	significant	T078	C0750502
28539349	2062	2070	increase	T169	C0442805
28539349	2071	2076	after	T079	C0687676
28539349	2077	2086	prolonged	T079	C0439590
28539349	2091	2097	severe	T080	C0205082
28539349	2098	2108	sleep loss	T033	C0235161
28539349	2133	2140	promote	T052	C0033414
28539349	2145	2157	housekeeping	T057	C0020053
28539349	2169	2173	used	T169	C1524063
28539349	2178	2184	strong	T080	C0442821
28539349	2185	2193	synapses	T030	C0039062
28539349	2197	2205	response	T032	C0871261
28539349	2213	2222	increased	T081	C0205217
28539349	2223	2231	neuronal	T025	C0027882
28539349	2232	2240	activity	T043	C0007613
28539349	2244	2252	extended	T082	C0231449
28539349	2253	2257	wake	T039	C0442696
28539349	2262	2270	contrast	T080	C1979874
28539349	2272	2297	chronic sleep restriction	T169	C0443288
28539349	2302	2305	not	T169	C1518422
28539349	2306	2311	acute	T079	C0205178
28539349	2312	2322	sleep loss	T033	C0235161
28539349	2323	2332	activates	T043	C1326120
28539349	2333	2342	microglia	T025	C0206116
28539349	2344	2352	promotes	T052	C0033414
28539349	2359	2378	phagocytic activity	T043	C0031308
28539349	2399	2406	absence	T169	C0332197
28539349	2416	2421	signs	T184	C0037088
28539349	2425	2442	neuroinflammation	UnknownType	C0683396
28539349	2470	2475	other	T080	C0205394
28539349	2476	2485	stressors	T078	C0597530
28539349	2487	2495	extended	T082	C0231449
28539349	2496	2512	sleep disruption	T033	C1821308
28539349	2527	2532	state	T169	C1442792
28539349	2536	2545	sustained	T169	C0443318
28539349	2546	2566	microglia activation	T043	C1326169
28539349	2576	2586	increasing	T169	C0442808
28539349	2591	2598	brain's	T023	C0006104
28539349	2599	2613	susceptibility	T169	C1264642
28539349	2617	2622	other	T080	C0205394
28539349	2623	2628	forms	T169	C1522492
28539349	2632	2638	damage	T169	C1883709

28539885|t|Intranasal Insulin Prevents Anesthesia - Induced Cognitive Impairment and Chronic Neurobehavioral Changes
28539885|a|General anesthesia increases the risk for cognitive impairment post operation, especially in the elderly and vulnerable individuals. Recent animal studies on the impact of anesthesia on postoperative cognitive impairment have provided some valuable insights, but much remains to be understood. Here, by using mice of various ages and conditions, we found that anesthesia with propofol and sevoflurane caused significant deficits in spatial learning and memory, as tested using Morris Water Maze (MWM) 2-6 days after anesthesia exposure, in aged (17-18 months old) wild-type (WT) mice and in adult (7-8 months old) 3xTg-AD mice (a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD)), but not in adult WT mice. Anesthesia resulted in long-term neurobehavioral changes in the fear conditioning task carried out 65 days after exposure to anesthesia in 3xTg-AD mice. Importantly, daily intranasal administration of insulin (1.75 U/ mouse / day) for only 3 days prior to anesthesia completely prevented the anesthesia - induced deficits in spatial learning and memory and the long-term neurobehavioral changes tested 65 days after exposure to anesthesia in 3xTg-AD mice. These results indicate that aging and AD -like brain pathology increase the vulnerability to cognitive impairment after anesthesia and that intranasal treatment with insulin can prevent anesthesia - induced cognitive impairment.
28539885	0	10	Intranasal	T061	C0001560
28539885	11	18	Insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28539885	19	27	Prevents	T169	C1292733
28539885	28	38	Anesthesia	T061	C0002903
28539885	41	48	Induced	T169	C0205263
28539885	49	69	Cognitive Impairment	T048	C0338656
28539885	74	81	Chronic	T079	C0205191
28539885	82	105	Neurobehavioral Changes	UnknownType	C0815123
28539885	106	124	General anesthesia	T061	C0002915
28539885	125	134	increases	T169	C0442805
28539885	139	143	risk	T078	C0035647
28539885	148	168	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28539885	169	183	post operation	T079	C0032790
28539885	203	210	elderly	T098	C0001792
28539885	215	237	vulnerable individuals	T098	C0949366
28539885	239	245	Recent	T079	C0332185
28539885	246	260	animal studies	T008	C0683949
28539885	268	274	impact	T080	C4049986
28539885	278	288	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
28539885	292	305	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28539885	306	326	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28539885	415	419	mice	T015	C0025929
28539885	431	435	ages	T032	C0001779
28539885	440	450	conditions	T080	C0348080
28539885	466	476	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
28539885	482	490	propofol	T109,T121	C0033487
28539885	495	506	sevoflurane	T109,T121	C0074414
28539885	514	525	significant	T078	C0750502
28539885	526	565	deficits in spatial learning and memory	UnknownType	C0814168
28539885	583	600	Morris Water Maze	T059	C0022885
28539885	602	605	MWM	T059	C0022885
28539885	611	615	days	T079	C0439228
28539885	622	641	anesthesia exposure	UnknownType	C0744348
28539885	670	689	wild-type (WT) mice	T015	C1520150
28539885	720	732	3xTg-AD mice	T015	C0025936
28539885	736	759	triple transgenic mouse	T015	C0025936
28539885	760	765	model	T050	C1519606
28539885	769	788	Alzheimer's disease	T047	C0002395
28539885	790	792	AD	T047	C0002395
28539885	813	820	WT mice	T015	C1520150
28539885	822	832	Anesthesia	T061	C0002903
28539885	845	854	long-term	T079	C0443252
28539885	855	878	neurobehavioral changes	UnknownType	C0815123
28539885	924	928	days	T079	C0439228
28539885	935	957	exposure to anesthesia	UnknownType	C0744348
28539885	961	973	3xTg-AD mice	T015	C0025936
28539885	994	1019	intranasal administration	T061	C0001560
28539885	1023	1030	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28539885	1040	1045	mouse	T015	C0025929
28539885	1048	1051	day	T079	C0439228
28539885	1064	1068	days	T079	C0439228
28539885	1078	1088	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
28539885	1100	1109	prevented	T169	C1292733
28539885	1114	1124	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
28539885	1127	1134	induced	T169	C0205263
28539885	1135	1174	deficits in spatial learning and memory	UnknownType	C0814168
28539885	1183	1192	long-term	T079	C0443252
28539885	1193	1216	neurobehavioral changes	UnknownType	C0815123
28539885	1227	1231	days	T079	C0439228
28539885	1238	1260	exposure to anesthesia	UnknownType	C0744348
28539885	1264	1276	3xTg-AD mice	T015	C0025936
28539885	1284	1291	results	T169	C1274040
28539885	1306	1311	aging	T040	C0001811
28539885	1316	1318	AD	T047	C0002395
28539885	1325	1340	brain pathology	T046	C0006119
28539885	1341	1349	increase	T169	C0442805
28539885	1354	1367	vulnerability	T033	C1821973
28539885	1371	1391	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656
28539885	1398	1408	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
28539885	1418	1438	intranasal treatment	T061	C0001560
28539885	1444	1451	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28539885	1456	1463	prevent	T169	C1292733
28539885	1464	1474	anesthesia	T061	C0002903
28539885	1477	1484	induced	T169	C0205263
28539885	1485	1505	cognitive impairment	T048	C0338656

28540341|t|Reflections on Hip Fracture Recovery From Older Adults Enrolled in a Clinical Trial
28540341|a|This study describes patients' perspectives on recovery during participation in a randomized controlled trial that tested a postoperative hip fracture management program (B4 Clinic), compared with usual care, on mobility. Semistructured qualitative interviews were conducted with 50 older adults with hip fracture (from both groups) twice over 12 months. A total of 32 women (64%) and 18 men (36%) participated in the study with a mean age at baseline of 82 (range = 65-98) years. A total of 40 participants reported recovery goals at some point during their recovery from hip fracture but only 18 participants realized their goals within 12 months. Recovering mobility, returning to prefracture activities, and obtaining stable health were the most commonly reported goals. Participants described good social support, access to physiotherapy, and positive perspective as most important to recovery. These factors were influenced by participants ' knowledge, resources, and monthly contact with study staff (perceived as a form of social support). The most frequently reported barriers to participants ' recovery were the onset of complications, pain, and limited access to physiotherapy. Potential implications of these findings include design and modification of new or preexisting fracture programs, prioritizing patient engagement and enhanced knowledge for future clinical research in hip fracture recovery.
28540341	0	11	Reflections	T062	C2603343
28540341	15	36	Hip Fracture Recovery	T061	C0744924
28540341	42	54	Older Adults	T098	C0001792
28540341	69	83	Clinical Trial	T062	C0008976
28540341	89	94	study	T062	C2603343
28540341	105	114	patients'	T101	C0030705
28540341	115	127	perspectives	UnknownType	C0678958
28540341	131	139	recovery	T052	C0237820
28540341	147	160	participation	T169	C0679823
28540341	166	193	randomized controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28540341	199	205	tested	T170	C0392366
28540341	208	221	postoperative	T079	C0032790
28540341	222	234	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
28540341	235	253	management program	T169	C0039798
28540341	255	264	B4 Clinic	T073,T093	C0442592
28540341	267	275	compared	T052	C1707455
28540341	281	291	usual care	T058	C0511425
28540341	296	304	mobility	T080	C0449580
28540341	306	320	Semistructured	T082	C0678594
28540341	321	332	qualitative	T080	C0205556
28540341	333	343	interviews	T052	C0021822
28540341	367	379	older adults	T098	C0001792
28540341	385	397	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
28540341	409	415	groups	T098	C1257890
28540341	441	446	total	T080	C0439810
28540341	453	458	women	T098	C0043210
28540341	472	475	men	T098	C0025266
28540341	482	494	participated	T169	C0679823
28540341	502	507	study	T062	C2603343
28540341	515	519	mean	T081	C0444504
28540341	520	523	age	T032	C0001779
28540341	527	535	baseline	T081	C1442488
28540341	543	548	range	T081	C1514721
28540341	567	572	total	T080	C0439810
28540341	579	591	participants	T098	C0679646
28540341	592	600	reported	T058	C0700287
28540341	601	609	recovery	T052	C0237820
28540341	610	615	goals	T170	C0018017
28540341	643	651	recovery	T052	C0237820
28540341	657	669	hip fracture	T037	C0019557
28540341	682	694	participants	T098	C0679646
28540341	695	703	realized	T078	C4304473
28540341	710	715	goals	T170	C0018017
28540341	734	744	Recovering	T040	C2004454
28540341	745	753	mobility	T080	C0449580
28540341	755	764	returning	T080	C0332156
28540341	768	790	prefracture activities	T052	C0441655
28540341	796	805	obtaining	T169	C1301820
28540341	806	812	stable	T080	C0205360
28540341	813	819	health	T078	C0018684
28540341	829	833	most	T081	C0205393
28540341	834	842	commonly	T081	C0205214
28540341	843	851	reported	T058	C0700287
28540341	852	857	goals	T170	C0018017
28540341	859	871	Participants	T098	C0679646
28540341	882	886	good	T080	C0205170
28540341	887	901	social support	T058	C1540833
28540341	903	909	access	T082	C0444454
28540341	913	926	physiotherapy	T061	C0949766
28540341	932	940	positive	T033	C1446409
28540341	941	952	perspective	UnknownType	C0678958
28540341	956	960	most	T081	C0205393
28540341	961	970	important	T080	C3898777
28540341	974	982	recovery	T052	C0237820
28540341	990	997	factors	T169	C1521761
28540341	1003	1013	influenced	T077	C4054723
28540341	1017	1029	participants	T098	C0679646
28540341	1032	1041	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28540341	1043	1052	resources	T078	C0035201
28540341	1066	1073	contact	T078	C1705415
28540341	1079	1084	study	T062	C2603343
28540341	1085	1090	staff	T097	C0851286
28540341	1092	1101	perceived	T041	C0030971
28540341	1115	1129	social support	T058	C1540833
28540341	1136	1140	most	T081	C0205393
28540341	1141	1151	frequently	T079	C0332183
28540341	1152	1160	reported	T058	C0700287
28540341	1161	1169	barriers	T080	C0679881
28540341	1173	1185	participants	T098	C0679646
28540341	1188	1196	recovery	T052	C0237820
28540341	1206	1214	onset of	T080	C0332162
28540341	1215	1228	complications	T046	C0009566
28540341	1230	1234	pain	T184	C0030193
28540341	1240	1254	limited access	T033	C1948144
28540341	1258	1271	physiotherapy	T061	C0949766
28540341	1273	1282	Potential	T080	C3245505
28540341	1283	1295	implications	T078	C0392360
28540341	1305	1313	findings	T033	C0243095
28540341	1314	1321	include	T052	C2700399
28540341	1322	1328	design	T052	C1707689
28540341	1333	1345	modification	T033	C3840684
28540341	1356	1367	preexisting	T080	C2347662
28540341	1368	1376	fracture	T037	C0016658
28540341	1377	1385	programs	T169	C3484370
28540341	1387	1399	prioritizing	T079	C0549179
28540341	1400	1418	patient engagement	T058	C0030675
28540341	1423	1431	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28540341	1432	1441	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28540341	1446	1452	future	T079	C0016884
28540341	1453	1470	clinical research	T062	C0008972
28540341	1474	1495	hip fracture recovery	T061	C0744924

28540429|t|Identification of markers for quiescent pancreatic stellate cells in the normal human pancreas
28540429|a|Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a central role as source of fibrogenic cells in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. In contrast to quiescent hepatic stellate cells (qHSCs), a specific marker for quiescent PSCs (qPSCs) that can be used in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) normal human pancreatic tissue has not been identified. The aim of this study was to identify a marker enabling the identification of qPSCs in normal human FFPE pancreatic tissue. Immunohistochemical (IHC), double-IHC, immunofluorescence (IF) and double-IF analyses were carried out using a tissue microarray consisting of cores with normal human pancreatic tissue. Cores with normal human liver served as control. Antibodies directed against adipophilin, α-SMA, CD146, CRBP-1, cytoglobin, desmin, GFAP, nestin, S100A4 and vinculin were examined, with special emphasis on their expression in periacinar cells in the normal human pancreas and perisinusoidal cells in the normal human liver. The immunolabelling capacity was evaluated according to a semiquantitative scoring system. Double-IF of the markers of interest together with markers for other periacinar cells was performed. Moreover, the utility of histochemical stains for the identification of human qPSCs was examined, and their ultrastructure was revisited by electron microscopy. Adipophilin, CRBP-1, cytoglobin and vinculin were expressed in qHSCs in the liver, whereas cytoglobin and adipophilin were expressed in qPSCs in the pancreas. Adipophilin immunohistochemistry was highly dependent on the preanalytical time interval (PATI) from removal of the tissue to formalin fixation. Cytoglobin, S100A4 and vinculin were expressed in periacinar fibroblasts (FBs). The other examined markers were negative in human qPSCs. Our data indicate that cytoglobin and adipophilin are markers of qPSCs in the normal human pancreas. However, the use of adipophilin as a qPSC marker may be limited due to its high dependence on optimal PATI. Cytoglobin, on the other hand, is a sensitive marker for qPSCs but is expressed in FBs as well.
28540429	18	25	markers	T201	C0005516
28540429	30	39	quiescent	T080	C3686820
28540429	40	65	pancreatic stellate cells	T025	C2936598
28540429	73	79	normal	T080	C0205307
28540429	80	85	human	T016	C0086418
28540429	86	94	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28540429	95	120	Pancreatic stellate cells	T025	C2936598
28540429	122	126	PSCs	T025	C2936598
28540429	161	177	fibrogenic cells	T025	C0007634
28540429	181	198	pancreatic cancer	T191	C0235974
28540429	203	223	chronic pancreatitis	T047	C0149521
28540429	240	249	quiescent	T080	C3686820
28540429	250	272	hepatic stellate cells	T025	C2340138
28540429	274	279	qHSCs	T025	C2340138
28540429	293	299	marker	T201	C0005516
28540429	304	313	quiescent	T080	C3686820
28540429	314	318	PSCs	T025	C2936598
28540429	320	325	qPSCs	T025	C2936598
28540429	347	421	formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) normal human pancreatic tissue	T024	C2711483
28540429	525	530	qPSCs	T025	C2936598
28540429	534	540	normal	T080	C0205307
28540429	541	546	human	T016	C0086418
28540429	547	569	FFPE pancreatic tissue	T024	C2711483
28540429	571	590	Immunohistochemical	T059	C1441616
28540429	592	595	IHC	T059	C1441616
28540429	598	608	double-IHC	T059	C1441616
28540429	610	628	immunofluorescence	T059	C0079603
28540429	630	632	IF	T059	C0079603
28540429	638	656	double-IF analyses	T059	C0079603
28540429	682	699	tissue microarray	T075	C1519522
28540429	725	731	normal	T080	C0205307
28540429	732	737	human	T016	C0086418
28540429	738	755	pancreatic tissue	T024	C0587009
28540429	768	774	normal	T080	C0205307
28540429	775	780	human	T016	C0086418
28540429	781	786	liver	T023	C0023884
28540429	797	804	control	T096	C0009932
28540429	806	816	Antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28540429	834	845	adipophilin	T116,T123	C1505480
28540429	847	852	α-SMA	T116,T123	C2716282
28540429	854	859	CD146	T116,T129	C0386212
28540429	861	867	CRBP-1	T116,T123	C1872428
28540429	869	879	cytoglobin	T116,T126	C1450216
28540429	881	887	desmin	T116,T123	C0011696
28540429	889	893	GFAP	T116,T123	C0017626
28540429	895	901	nestin	T116,T123	C3711758
28540429	903	909	S100A4	T116,T123	C0287850
28540429	914	922	vinculin	T116,T123	C1454484
28540429	983	993	periacinar	T082	C0442156
28540429	994	999	cells	T025	C0007634
28540429	1007	1013	normal	T080	C0205307
28540429	1014	1019	human	T016	C0086418
28540429	1020	1028	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28540429	1033	1053	perisinusoidal cells	T025	C0227531
28540429	1061	1067	normal	T080	C0205307
28540429	1068	1073	human	T016	C0086418
28540429	1074	1079	liver	T023	C0023884
28540429	1085	1100	immunolabelling	T059	C0079609
28540429	1101	1109	capacity	T081	C1516240
28540429	1139	1170	semiquantitative scoring system	T057	C2986822
28540429	1172	1181	Double-IF	T059	C0079603
28540429	1189	1196	markers	T201	C0005516
28540429	1223	1230	markers	T201	C0005516
28540429	1241	1251	periacinar	T082	C0442156
28540429	1252	1257	cells	T025	C0007634
28540429	1298	1318	histochemical stains	T059	C1508788
28540429	1345	1350	human	T016	C0086418
28540429	1351	1356	qPSCs	T025	C2936598
28540429	1381	1395	ultrastructure	T078	C0041623
28540429	1413	1432	electron microscopy	T059	C0013842
28540429	1434	1445	Adipophilin	T116,T123	C1505480
28540429	1447	1453	CRBP-1	T116,T123	C1872428
28540429	1455	1465	cytoglobin	T116,T126	C1450216
28540429	1470	1478	vinculin	T116,T123	C1454484
28540429	1497	1502	qHSCs	T025	C2340138
28540429	1510	1515	liver	T023	C0023884
28540429	1525	1535	cytoglobin	T116,T126	C1450216
28540429	1540	1551	adipophilin	T116,T123	C1505480
28540429	1570	1575	qPSCs	T025	C2936598
28540429	1583	1591	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28540429	1593	1604	Adipophilin	T116,T123	C1505480
28540429	1605	1625	immunohistochemistry	T060	C0021044
28540429	1654	1681	preanalytical time interval	T079	C0872291
28540429	1683	1687	PATI	T079	C0872291
28540429	1709	1715	tissue	T024	C0040300
28540429	1719	1736	formalin fixation	T059	C3536615
28540429	1738	1748	Cytoglobin	T116,T126	C1450216
28540429	1750	1756	S100A4	T116,T123	C0287850
28540429	1761	1769	vinculin	T116,T123	C1454484
28540429	1788	1798	periacinar	T082	C0442156
28540429	1799	1810	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
28540429	1812	1815	FBs	T025	C0016030
28540429	1837	1844	markers	T201	C0005516
28540429	1862	1867	human	T016	C0086418
28540429	1868	1873	qPSCs	T025	C2936598
28540429	1898	1908	cytoglobin	T116,T126	C1450216
28540429	1913	1924	adipophilin	T116,T123	C1505480
28540429	1929	1936	markers	T201	C0005516
28540429	1940	1945	qPSCs	T025	C2936598
28540429	1953	1959	normal	T080	C0205307
28540429	1960	1965	human	T016	C0086418
28540429	1966	1974	pancreas	T023	C0030274
28540429	1996	2007	adipophilin	T116,T123	C1505480
28540429	2013	2017	qPSC	T025	C2936598
28540429	2078	2082	PATI	T079	C0872291
28540429	2084	2094	Cytoglobin	T116,T126	C1450216
28540429	2130	2136	marker	T201	C0005516
28540429	2141	2146	qPSCs	T025	C2936598
28540429	2167	2170	FBs	T025	C0016030

28540536|t|Effects of robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation in stroke patients: a systematic review with meta-analysis
28540536|a|Technology-supported training is emerging as a solution to support therapists in their efforts providing high-intensity, repetitive, and task-specific treatment, in order to enhance the recovery process. The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of different robotic devices (end-effector and exoskeleton robots) in comparison with any other type of intervention. Furthermore, we aim to assess whether or not better improvements are obtained in the sub-acute phase after stroke onset than in the chronic phase. A research was conducted in the electronic bibliographic databases Cochrane, MEDLINE, and EMBASE. A total of 17 studies were included: 14 randomized controlled trials, 2 systematic reviews, and one meta-analysis. Fugl-Meyer and modified Ashworth scale were selected to measure primary outcomes, i.e., motor function and muscle tone. Functional independence measure and motor activity log were selected to measure secondary outcomes, i.e., activities of daily living. In comparison with conventional therapy, the robot-assisted rehabilitation is more effective in improving upper limb motor function recovery, especially in chronic stroke patients. No significant improvements are observed in the reduction of muscle tone or daily living activities. The present systematic review shows that the use of robotic devices can positively affect the recovery of arm function in patients with stroke.
28540536	11	51	robot-assisted upper limb rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28540536	55	61	stroke	T047	C0038454
28540536	62	70	patients	T101	C0030705
28540536	74	91	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28540536	97	110	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
28540536	111	140	Technology-supported training	T065	C0220931
28540536	178	188	therapists	T097	C0871525
28540536	216	230	high-intensity	T185	C4081854
28540536	232	242	repetitive	T169	C0205341
28540536	248	271	task-specific treatment	T061	C0087111
28540536	297	313	recovery process	T040	C2004454
28540536	355	368	effectiveness	T080	C1280519
28540536	382	397	robotic devices	T073	C0336537
28540536	399	411	end-effector	T073	C0336537
28540536	416	434	exoskeleton robots	T073	C0336537
28540536	439	449	comparison	T052	C1707455
28540536	473	485	intervention	T061	C0184661
28540536	572	587	sub-acute phase	T079	C0205390
28540536	594	600	stroke	T047	C0038454
28540536	601	606	onset	T080	C0332162
28540536	619	632	chronic phase	T079	C0457343
28540536	636	644	research	T062	C0035168
28540536	666	700	electronic bibliographic databases	T170	C0242356
28540536	701	709	Cochrane	T170	C0242356
28540536	711	718	MEDLINE	T170	C0025141
28540536	724	730	EMBASE	T170	C0282574
28540536	746	753	studies	T062	C2603343
28540536	772	800	randomized controlled trials	T062	C0206035
28540536	804	822	systematic reviews	T170	C1955832
28540536	832	845	meta-analysis	T170	C0282458
28540536	862	885	modified Ashworth scale	T170	C0451002
28540536	911	927	primary outcomes	T169	C1274040
28540536	935	949	motor function	T038	C0234130
28540536	954	965	muscle tone	T042	C0026841
28540536	967	998	Functional independence measure	T170	C0451172
28540536	1003	1021	motor activity log	T081	C2986775
28540536	1047	1065	secondary outcomes	T169	C1274040
28540536	1073	1099	activities of daily living	T056	C0001288
28540536	1104	1114	comparison	T052	C1707455
28540536	1120	1140	conventional therapy	T061	C2945704
28540536	1146	1175	robot-assisted rehabilitation	T061	C0034991
28540536	1197	1206	improving	T077	C2986411
28540536	1207	1217	upper limb	T023	C1140618
28540536	1218	1232	motor function	T038	C0234130
28540536	1233	1241	recovery	T040	C2004454
28540536	1257	1271	chronic stroke	T047	C3536593
28540536	1272	1280	patients	T101	C0030705
28540536	1343	1354	muscle tone	T042	C0026841
28540536	1358	1381	daily living activities	T056	C0001288
28540536	1395	1412	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28540536	1435	1450	robotic devices	T073	C0336537
28540536	1477	1485	recovery	T040	C2004454
28540536	1489	1501	arm function	T038	C3714634
28540536	1505	1513	patients	T101	C0030705
28540536	1519	1525	stroke	T047	C0038454

28540768|t|Daily stressors, trauma exposure, and mental health among stateless Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh
28540768|a|The Rohingya of Myanmar are a severely persecuted minority who form one of the largest groups of stateless people; thousands of them reside in refugee camps in southeastern Bangladesh. There has been little research into the mental health consequences of persecution, war, and other historical trauma endured by the Rohingya; nor has the role of daily environmental stressors associated with continued displacement, statelessness, and life in the refugee camps, been thoroughly researched. This cross-sectional study examined: trauma history, daily environmental stressors, and mental health outcomes for 148 Rohingya adults residing in Kutupalong and Nayapara refugee camps in Bangladesh. Results indicated high levels of mental health concerns: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, somatic complaints, and associated functional impairment. Participants also endorsed local idioms of distress, including somatic complaints and concerns associated with spirit possession. The study also found very high levels of daily environmental stressors associated with life in the camps, including problems with food, lack of freedom of movement, and concerns regarding safety. Regression and associated mediation analyses indicated that, while there was a direct effect of trauma exposure on mental health outcomes (PTSD symptoms), daily environmental stressors partially mediated this relationship. Depression symptoms were associated with daily stressors, but not prior trauma exposure. These findings indicate that daily stressors play a pivotal role in mental health outcomes of populations affected by collective violence and statelessness. It is, therefore, important to consider the role and effects of environmental stressors associated with life in refugee camps on the mental health and psychosocial well-being of stateless populations such as the Rohingya, living in protracted humanitarian environment s.
28540768	0	5	Daily	T079	C0332173
28540768	6	15	stressors	T078	C0597530
28540768	17	23	trauma	T037	C3714660
28540768	24	32	exposure	T080	C0332157
28540768	38	51	mental health	T041	C0025353
28540768	58	85	stateless Rohingya refugees	T098	C1257890
28540768	89	99	Bangladesh	T083	C0004732
28540768	104	112	Rohingya	T098	C1257890
28540768	116	123	Myanmar	T083	C0006416
28540768	139	149	persecuted	T054	C0871062
28540768	150	158	minority	T098	C0026192
28540768	187	193	groups	T098	C1257890
28540768	197	213	stateless people	T098	C0027361
28540768	243	256	refugee camps	T082	C0242477
28540768	260	272	southeastern	T082	C1711190
28540768	273	283	Bangladesh	T083	C0004732
28540768	325	338	mental health	T041	C0025353
28540768	339	354	consequences of	T169	C0686907
28540768	355	366	persecution	T054	C0871062
28540768	368	371	war	T052	C0043027
28540768	383	393	historical	T079	C0019659
28540768	394	400	trauma	T037	C3714660
28540768	416	424	Rohingya	T098	C1257890
28540768	438	442	role	T077	C1705810
28540768	446	451	daily	T079	C0332173
28540768	452	475	environmental stressors	T033	C0596519
28540768	476	491	associated with	T080	C0332281
28540768	502	514	displacement	T082	C0012727
28540768	516	529	statelessness	T080	C0205556
28540768	535	539	life	T078	C0376558
28540768	547	560	refugee camps	T082	C0242477
28540768	595	616	cross-sectional study	T062	C0010362
28540768	627	641	trauma history	T033	C1387429
28540768	643	648	daily	T079	C0332173
28540768	649	672	environmental stressors	T033	C0596519
28540768	678	691	mental health	T041	C0025353
28540768	692	700	outcomes	T170	C1550208
28540768	709	717	Rohingya	T098	C1257890
28540768	718	724	adults	T100	C0001675
28540768	737	747	Kutupalong	UnknownType	C0681784
28540768	752	760	Nayapara	UnknownType	C0681784
28540768	761	774	refugee camps	T082	C0242477
28540768	778	788	Bangladesh	T083	C0004732
28540768	813	819	levels	T080	C0441889
28540768	823	836	mental health	T041	C0025353
28540768	837	845	concerns	T033	C3869780
28540768	847	876	posttraumatic stress disorder	T048	C0038436
28540768	878	882	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28540768	885	895	depression	T048	C0011570
28540768	897	915	somatic complaints	T033	C1948148
28540768	921	953	associated functional impairment	T033	C4062321
28540768	955	967	Participants	T098	C0679646
28540768	998	1006	distress	T033	C0235109
28540768	1018	1036	somatic complaints	T033	C1948148
28540768	1050	1065	associated with	T080	C0332281
28540768	1066	1083	spirit possession	T078	C0871415
28540768	1116	1122	levels	T080	C0441889
28540768	1126	1131	daily	T079	C0332173
28540768	1132	1155	environmental stressors	T033	C0596519
28540768	1156	1171	associated with	T080	C0332281
28540768	1172	1176	life	T078	C0376558
28540768	1184	1189	camps	T082	C0242477
28540768	1201	1219	problems with food	T033	C0497502
28540768	1221	1248	lack of freedom of movement	T033	C0243095
28540768	1254	1262	concerns	T078	C2699424
28540768	1273	1279	safety	T068	C0036043
28540768	1281	1291	Regression	T170	C0034980
28540768	1296	1325	associated mediation analyses	UnknownType	C0814912
28540768	1367	1376	effect of	T080	C1704420
28540768	1377	1383	trauma	T037	C3714660
28540768	1384	1392	exposure	T080	C0332157
28540768	1396	1409	mental health	T041	C0025353
28540768	1410	1418	outcomes	T170	C1550208
28540768	1420	1424	PTSD	T048	C0038436
28540768	1425	1433	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28540768	1436	1441	daily	T079	C0332173
28540768	1442	1465	environmental stressors	T033	C0596519
28540768	1490	1502	relationship	T080	C0439849
28540768	1504	1523	Depression symptoms	T184	C0086132
28540768	1529	1544	associated with	T080	C0332281
28540768	1545	1550	daily	T079	C0332173
28540768	1551	1560	stressors	T078	C0597530
28540768	1576	1582	trauma	T037	C3714660
28540768	1583	1591	exposure	T080	C0332157
28540768	1599	1607	findings	T169	C2607943
28540768	1622	1627	daily	T079	C0332173
28540768	1628	1637	stressors	T078	C0597530
28540768	1653	1657	role	T077	C1705810
28540768	1661	1674	mental health	T041	C0025353
28540768	1675	1683	outcomes	T170	C1550208
28540768	1687	1698	populations	T098	C1257890
28540768	1722	1730	violence	T048	C0042693
28540768	1735	1748	statelessness	T080	C0205556
28540768	1794	1798	role	T077	C1705810
28540768	1803	1813	effects of	T080	C1704420
28540768	1814	1837	environmental stressors	T033	C0596519
28540768	1838	1853	associated with	T080	C0332281
28540768	1854	1858	life	T078	C0376558
28540768	1862	1875	refugee camps	T082	C0242477
28540768	1883	1896	mental health	T041	C0025353
28540768	1901	1913	psychosocial	T169	C0542298
28540768	1914	1924	well-being	T078	C0018684
28540768	1928	1949	stateless populations	T098	C1257890
28540768	1962	1970	Rohingya	T098	C1257890
28540768	1993	2017	humanitarian environment	T082	C0014406

28541292|t|Long-range allosteric regulation of the human 26S proteasome by 20S proteasome - targeting cancer drugs
28541292|a|The proteasome holoenzyme is the major non-lysosomal protease; its proteolytic activity is essential for cellular homeostasis. Thus, it is an attractive target for the development of chemotherapeutics. While the structural basis of core particle (CP) inhibitors is largely understood, their structural impact on the proteasome holoenzyme remains entirely elusive. Here, we determined the structure of the 26S proteasome with and without the inhibitor Oprozomib. Drug binding modifies the energy landscape of conformational motion in the proteasome regulatory particle (RP). Structurally, the energy barrier created by Oprozomib triggers a long-range allosteric regulation, resulting in the stabilization of a non-productive state. Thereby, the chemical drug-binding signal is converted, propagated and amplified into structural changes over a distance of more than 150 Å from the proteolytic site to the ubiquitin receptor Rpn10. The direct visualization of changes in conformational dynamics upon drug binding allows new ways to screen and develop future allosteric proteasome inhibitors.
28541292	0	10	Long-range	T081	C0392762
28541292	11	32	allosteric regulation	T044	C0002145
28541292	40	60	human 26S proteasome	T116,T126	C0286330
28541292	64	78	20S proteasome	T116,T126	C0208355
28541292	81	90	targeting	T169	C1521840
28541292	91	103	cancer drugs	T109,T121	C0003392
28541292	108	118	proteasome	T116,T126	C0208355
28541292	119	129	holoenzyme	T116,T126	C0282109
28541292	143	165	non-lysosomal protease	T116,T126	C0030940
28541292	171	191	proteolytic activity	T044	C0597304
28541292	195	204	essential	T080	C0205224
28541292	209	229	cellular homeostasis	T043	C2244223
28541292	246	256	attractive	T080	C2346874
28541292	257	263	target	T169	C1521840
28541292	272	283	development	T169	C1527148
28541292	287	304	chemotherapeutics	T109,T121	C0003392
28541292	327	332	basis	T169	C1527178
28541292	336	365	core particle (CP) inhibitors	T121	C0014432
28541292	406	412	impact	T080	C4049986
28541292	420	430	proteasome	T116,T126	C0208355
28541292	431	441	holoenzyme	T116,T126	C0282109
28541292	509	523	26S proteasome	T116,T126	C0286330
28541292	545	554	inhibitor	T121	C0014432
28541292	555	564	Oprozomib	T121	C2984209
28541292	566	578	Drug binding	T039	C0678749
28541292	579	587	modifies	T169	C0392747
28541292	599	608	landscape	T082	C0870781
28541292	612	633	conformational motion	T044	C1148560
28541292	641	651	proteasome	T116,T126	C0208355
28541292	652	671	regulatory particle	T026	C1325623
28541292	673	675	RP	T026	C1325623
28541292	696	710	energy barrier	T070	C1254365
28541292	722	731	Oprozomib	T121	C2984209
28541292	732	740	triggers	T201	C0032930
28541292	743	753	long-range	T081	C0392762
28541292	754	775	allosteric regulation	T044	C0002145
28541292	794	807	stabilization	T061	C1292828
28541292	848	869	chemical drug-binding	T039	C0678749
28541292	870	876	signal	T067	C1710082
28541292	880	889	converted	T169	C0439836
28541292	891	901	propagated	T067	C1254366
28541292	906	915	amplified	T067	C1521871
28541292	921	931	structural	T082	C0678594
28541292	932	939	changes	T169	C0392747
28541292	947	955	distance	T061	C1292828
28541292	984	1000	proteolytic site	T087	C1513411
28541292	1008	1026	ubiquitin receptor	T116,T129,T192	C0769158
28541292	1027	1032	Rpn10	T116,T192	C1869537
28541292	1038	1058	direct visualization	T033	C3846514
28541292	1062	1069	changes	T169	C0392747
28541292	1073	1096	conformational dynamics	T044	C1148560
28541292	1102	1114	drug binding	T039	C0678749
28541292	1134	1140	screen	T058	C0220908
28541292	1160	1170	allosteric	T044	C0002145
28541292	1171	1192	proteasome inhibitors	T121	C1443643

28541529|t|Statistical algorithms improve accuracy of gene fusion detection
28541529|a|Gene fusions are known to play critical roles in tumor pathogenesis. Yet, sensitive and specific algorithms to detect gene fusions in cancer do not currently exist. In this paper, we present a new statistical algorithm, MACHETE (Mismatched Alignment CHimEra Tracking Engine), which achieves highly sensitive and specific detection of gene fusions from RNA-Seq data, including the highest Positive Predictive Value (PPV) compared to the current state-of-the-art, as assessed in simulated data. We show that the best performing published algorithms either find large numbers of fusions in negative control data or suffer from low sensitivity detecting known driving fusions in gold standard settings, such as EWSR1-FLI1. As proof of principle that MACHETE discovers novel gene fusions with high accuracy in vivo, we mined public data to discover and subsequently PCR validate novel gene fusions missed by other algorithms in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3. These results highlight the gains in accuracy achieved by introducing statistical models into fusion detection, and pave the way for unbiased discovery of potentially driving and druggable gene fusions in primary tumors.
28541529	0	22	Statistical algorithms	T170	C0002045
28541529	23	30	improve	T077	C2986411
28541529	31	39	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28541529	43	54	gene fusion	T063	C0178648
28541529	55	64	detection	T033	C0442726
28541529	65	77	Gene fusions	T063	C0178648
28541529	105	110	roles	T077	C1705810
28541529	114	119	tumor	T191	C0027651
28541529	120	132	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28541529	139	148	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28541529	153	161	specific	T080	C0205369
28541529	162	172	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28541529	176	182	detect	T033	C0442726
28541529	183	195	gene fusions	T063	C0178648
28541529	199	205	cancer	T191	C0006826
28541529	262	283	statistical algorithm	T170	C0002045
28541529	285	292	MACHETE	T170	C0282574
28541529	294	339	Mismatched Alignment CHimEra Tracking Engine)	T170	C0282574
28541529	363	372	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28541529	377	385	specific	T080	C0205369
28541529	386	395	detection	T033	C0442726
28541529	399	411	gene fusions	T063	C0178648
28541529	417	429	RNA-Seq data	T170	C0026382
28541529	445	452	highest	T080	C1522410
28541529	453	484	Positive Predictive Value (PPV)	T081	C1514243
28541529	530	538	assessed	T052	C1516048
28541529	542	556	simulated data	T078	C1511726
28541529	591	600	published	T170	C0993637
28541529	601	611	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28541529	624	637	large numbers	T081	C0449788
28541529	641	648	fusions	T063	C0178648
28541529	652	660	negative	T033	C0205160
28541529	661	673	control data	T078	C1511726
28541529	689	692	low	T080	C0205251
28541529	693	704	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28541529	705	714	detecting	T033	C0442726
28541529	729	736	fusions	T063	C0178648
28541529	772	782	EWSR1-FLI1	T028	C1860425
28541529	811	818	MACHETE	T170	C0282574
28541529	829	834	novel	T080	C0205314
28541529	835	847	gene fusions	T063	C0178648
28541529	858	866	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28541529	867	874	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28541529	885	891	public	T092	C0678367
28541529	892	896	data	T078	C1511726
28541529	900	908	discover	T052	C1880355
28541529	926	929	PCR	T063	C0032520
28541529	930	938	validate	T062	C1519941
28541529	939	944	novel	T080	C0205314
28541529	945	957	gene fusions	T063	C0178648
28541529	958	964	missed	T080	C1705492
28541529	974	984	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28541529	992	1006	ovarian cancer	T191	C1140680
28541529	1007	1016	cell line	T025	C0334227
28541529	1017	1023	OVCAR3	T025	C0334227
28541529	1031	1038	results	T033	C0683954
28541529	1062	1070	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28541529	1095	1113	statistical models	T081,T170	C0026348
28541529	1119	1125	fusion	T063	C0178648
28541529	1126	1135	detection	T033	C0442726
28541529	1167	1176	discovery	T052	C1880355
28541529	1180	1191	potentially	T080	C3245505
28541529	1214	1226	gene fusions	T063	C0178648
28541529	1230	1244	primary tumors	T191	C0677930

28541679|t|Biomagnetic monitoring of atmospheric pollution: a review of magnetic signatures from biological sensors
28541679|a|Biomagnetic monitoring of atmospheric pollution is a growing application in the field of environmental magnetism. Particulate matter (PM) in atmospheric pollution contains readily- measurable concentrations of magnetic minerals. Biological surfaces, exposed to atmospheric pollution, accumulate magnetic particles over time, providing a record of location - specific, time-integrated air quality information. This review summarizes current knowledge of biological material (' sensors ') used for biomagnetic monitoring purposes. Our work addresses: the range of magnetic properties reported for lichens, mosses, leaves, bark, trunk wood, insects, crustaceans, mammal and human tissues; their associations with atmospheric pollutant species (PM, NOx, trace elements, PAHs); the pros and cons of biomagnetic monitoring of atmospheric pollution; current challenges for large-scale implementation of biomagnetic monitoring; and future perspectives. A summary table is presented, with the aim of aiding researchers and policy makers in selecting the most suitable biological sensor for their intended biomagnetic monitoring purpose.
28541679	0	22	Biomagnetic monitoring	T059	C0596176
28541679	26	47	atmospheric pollution	UnknownType	C0683932
28541679	51	60	review of	T169	C0699752
28541679	61	69	magnetic	T070	C0563532
28541679	86	104	biological sensors	T075	C0600364
28541679	105	127	Biomagnetic monitoring	T059	C0596176
28541679	131	152	atmospheric pollution	UnknownType	C0683932
28541679	194	207	environmental	T082	C0014406
28541679	208	217	magnetism	T070	C0563532
28541679	219	237	Particulate matter	T167	C1720884
28541679	239	241	PM	T167	C1720884
28541679	246	267	atmospheric pollution	UnknownType	C0683932
28541679	286	296	measurable	T169	C1513040
28541679	315	332	magnetic minerals	T197	C0439876
28541679	334	344	Biological	T080	C0205460
28541679	345	353	surfaces	T082	C0205148
28541679	366	387	atmospheric pollution	UnknownType	C0683932
28541679	400	408	magnetic	T070	C0563532
28541679	409	418	particles	T104	C0597177
28541679	452	460	location	T082	C0450429
28541679	463	471	specific	T080	C0205369
28541679	473	488	time-integrated	T033	C1961029
28541679	489	500	air quality	T080	C2371710
28541679	501	512	information	T078	C1533716
28541679	519	525	review	T170	C0282443
28541679	558	577	biological material	T075	C0600364
28541679	581	588	sensors	T075	C0600364
28541679	601	623	biomagnetic monitoring	T059	C0596176
28541679	667	686	magnetic properties	T070	C0563532
28541679	700	707	lichens	T002	C0023657
28541679	709	715	mosses	T002	C0282635
28541679	717	723	leaves	T002	C0242724
28541679	725	729	bark	T002	C0949119
28541679	731	741	trunk wood	T002	C2700369
28541679	743	750	insects	T204	C0021585
28541679	752	763	crustaceans	T204	C1704306
28541679	765	771	mammal	T015	C0024660
28541679	776	789	human tissues	T024	C0440744
28541679	815	844	atmospheric pollutant species	T131	C0001869
28541679	846	848	PM	T167	C1720884
28541679	850	853	NOx	T197	C0028167
28541679	855	869	trace elements	T123,T196	C0040577
28541679	871	875	PAHs	T109	C0032458
28541679	882	895	pros and cons	T033	C0243095
28541679	899	921	biomagnetic monitoring	T059	C0596176
28541679	925	946	atmospheric pollution	UnknownType	C0683932
28541679	971	997	large-scale implementation	UnknownType	C0814860
28541679	1001	1023	biomagnetic monitoring	T059	C0596176
28541679	1029	1035	future	T079	C0016884
28541679	1103	1114	researchers	T097	C0035173
28541679	1119	1132	policy makers	T097	C0242170
28541679	1164	1181	biological sensor	T075	C0600364
28541679	1201	1223	biomagnetic monitoring	T059	C0596176

28541870|t|Palmoplantar pustulosis - a cross-sectional analysis in Germany
28541870|a|Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a recalcitrant chronic inflammatory skin disease. Data relevant for the medical care of patients with PPP are scarce. Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the disease burden, clinical characteristics, and comorbidity of PPP patients in Germany. PPP patients were examined in a crosssectional study at seven specialized psoriasis centers in Germany. Of the 172 included patients with PPP, 79.1% were female and 69.8% were smokers .In addition, 25.0% suffered from psoriasis vulgaris, 28.2% had documented psoriatic arthritis, and 30.2% had a family history of psoriasis. In 77 patients the mean Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was 12.2 ± 7.7 (mean ± SD). The mean Psoriasis Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI) was 12.6 ± 8.6. Mean body mass index was above average at 27.1 ± 5.5. The PPP patients had previously received an average of 2.6 ± 2.1 different anti-psoriatic systemic drugs or UV-therapies. The systemic drugs that had been used most frequently were corticosteroids in 40.1% of patients, followed by acitretin (37.8%), and methotrexate (27.9%). The PPPASI was 13.4 ± 8.9 in patients without current systemic therapy and 10.4 ± 7.9 in patients with systemic therapy. Many PPP patients had a concomitant diagnosis of psoriasis vulgaris and/or psoriatic arthritis or had a family history of psoriasis. Despite the fact that many of the patients were using anti-psoriatic therapies, there was still a high burden of disease within this PPP cohort. This insufficient control of symptoms demonstrates the urgent need for new PPP treatments.
28541870	0	23	Palmoplantar pustulosis	T047	C0030246
28541870	28	52	cross-sectional analysis	T062	C0010362
28541870	56	63	Germany	T083	C0017480
28541870	64	87	Palmoplantar pustulosis	T047	C0030246
28541870	89	92	PPP	T047	C0030246
28541870	112	119	chronic	T079	C0205191
28541870	120	145	inflammatory skin disease	T047	C3875321
28541870	169	181	medical care	T033	C0496675
28541870	185	193	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	199	202	PPP	T047	C0030246
28541870	265	279	disease burden	T081	C0162698
28541870	281	305	clinical characteristics	T201	C0683325
28541870	311	322	comorbidity	T078	C0009488
28541870	326	329	PPP	T047	C0030246
28541870	330	338	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	342	349	Germany	T083	C0017480
28541870	351	354	PPP	T047	C0030246
28541870	355	363	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	413	442	specialized psoriasis centers	T093	C1708333
28541870	446	453	Germany	T083	C0017480
28541870	475	483	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	489	492	PPP	T047	C0030246
28541870	505	511	female	T098	C0043210
28541870	527	534	smokers	T033	C0337664
28541870	569	587	psoriasis vulgaris	T047	C0263361
28541870	610	629	psoriatic arthritis	T047	C0003872
28541870	647	674	family history of psoriasis	T033	C0455439
28541870	682	690	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	700	730	Dermatology Life Quality Index	T170	C0451112
28541870	732	736	DLQI	T170	C0451112
28541870	754	758	mean	T081	C0444504
28541870	761	763	SD	T081	C0871420
28541870	770	774	mean	T081	C0444504
28541870	775	784	Psoriasis	T047	C0033860
28541870	785	808	Palmoplantar Pustulosis	T047	C0030246
28541870	809	813	Area	T032	C0005902
28541870	818	832	Severity Index	T081	C0036859
28541870	834	840	PPPASI	T081	C0036859
28541870	858	862	Mean	T081	C0444504
28541870	863	878	body mass index	T201	C1305855
28541870	916	919	PPP	T047	C0030246
28541870	920	928	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	987	1016	anti-psoriatic systemic drugs	T121	C1516001
28541870	1020	1032	UV-therapies	T061	C0041626
28541870	1038	1046	systemic	T169	C0205373
28541870	1047	1052	drugs	T121	C1254351
28541870	1093	1108	corticosteroids	T109,T121,T125	C0001617
28541870	1121	1129	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	1143	1152	acitretin	T109,T121	C0050559
28541870	1166	1178	methotrexate	T109,T121	C0025677
28541870	1192	1198	PPPASI	T081	C0036859
28541870	1217	1225	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	1226	1233	without	T080	C0332288
28541870	1242	1258	systemic therapy	T061	C1515119
28541870	1277	1285	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	1291	1307	systemic therapy	T061	C1515119
28541870	1314	1317	PPP	T047	C0030246
28541870	1318	1326	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	1333	1344	concomitant	T079	C0521115
28541870	1345	1354	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28541870	1358	1376	psoriasis vulgaris	T047	C0263361
28541870	1384	1403	psoriatic arthritis	T047	C0003872
28541870	1413	1440	family history of psoriasis	T033	C0455439
28541870	1476	1484	patients	T101	C0030705
28541870	1496	1520	anti-psoriatic therapies	T061	C3258078
28541870	1545	1562	burden of disease	T081	C0162698
28541870	1575	1578	PPP	T047	C0030246
28541870	1592	1604	insufficient	T080	C0231180
28541870	1605	1624	control of symptoms	T061	C1274136
28541870	1662	1665	PPP	T047	C0030246
28541870	1666	1676	treatments	T061	C0087111

28542333|t|It takes biking to learn: Physical activity improves learning a second language
28542333|a|Recent studies have shown that concurrent physical activity enhances learning a completely unfamiliar L2 vocabulary as compared to learning it in a static condition. In this paper we report a study whose aim is twofold: to test for possible positive effects of physical activity when L2 learning has already reached some level of proficiency, and to test whether the assumed better performance when engaged in physical activity is limited to the linguistic level probed at training (i.e. L2 vocabulary tested by means of a Word-Picture Verification task), or whether it extends also to the sentence level (which was tested by means of a Sentence Semantic Judgment Task). The results show that Chinese speakers with basic knowledge of English benefited from physical activity while learning a set of new words. Furthermore, their better performance emerged also at the sentential level, as shown by their performance in a Semantic Judgment task. Finally, an interesting temporal asymmetry between the lexical and the sentential level emerges, with the difference between the experimental and control group emerging from the 1st testing session at the lexical level but after several weeks at the sentential level.
28542333	19	24	learn	T041	C0023185
28542333	26	43	Physical activity	T056	C0026606
28542333	44	52	improves	T033	C0184511
28542333	53	61	learning	T041	C0023185
28542333	64	79	second language	T033	C0557074
28542333	87	94	studies	T062	C2603343
28542333	111	121	concurrent	T079	C0205420
28542333	122	139	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28542333	140	148	enhances	T052	C2349975
28542333	149	157	learning	T041	C0023185
28542333	182	184	L2	T033	C0557074
28542333	185	195	vocabulary	T170	C0042926
28542333	211	219	learning	T041	C0023185
28542333	228	234	static	T080	C0441463
28542333	235	244	condition	T080	C0348080
28542333	272	277	study	T062	C2603343
28542333	312	320	possible	T033	C0332149
28542333	321	329	positive	T033	C1446409
28542333	330	340	effects of	T080	C1704420
28542333	341	358	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28542333	364	366	L2	T033	C0557074
28542333	367	375	learning	T041	C0023185
28542333	401	406	level	T080	C0441889
28542333	410	421	proficiency	T080	C0678997
28542333	455	461	better	T080	C0332272
28542333	462	473	performance	T052	C1882330
28542333	490	507	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28542333	526	536	linguistic	T090	C0023741
28542333	537	542	level	T080	C0441889
28542333	553	561	training	T080	C2673163
28542333	568	570	L2	T033	C0557074
28542333	571	581	vocabulary	T170	C0042926
28542333	582	588	tested	T169	C0039593
28542333	603	633	Word-Picture Verification task	T062	C0242481
28542333	670	678	sentence	T170	C0876929
28542333	679	684	level	T080	C0441889
28542333	696	702	tested	T169	C0039593
28542333	717	748	Sentence Semantic Judgment Task	T062	C0242481
28542333	773	789	Chinese speakers	T098	C0152035
28542333	795	810	basic knowledge	T033	C4036283
28542333	814	821	English	T171	C0376245
28542333	822	831	benefited	T081	C0814225
28542333	837	854	physical activity	T056	C0026606
28542333	861	869	learning	T041	C0023185
28542333	883	888	words	T170	C0042926
28542333	909	915	better	T080	C0332272
28542333	916	927	performance	T052	C1882330
28542333	948	958	sentential	T170	C0876929
28542333	959	965	level,	T080	C0441889
28542333	984	995	performance	T052	C1882330
28542333	1001	1023	Semantic Judgment task	T062	C0242481
28542333	1080	1087	lexical	T078	C1705313
28542333	1096	1106	sentential	T170	C0876929
28542333	1107	1112	level	T080	C0441889
28542333	1154	1166	experimental	T078	C0441833
28542333	1171	1184	control group	T096	C0009932
28542333	1207	1222	testing session	T051	C1883016
28542333	1230	1237	lexical	T078	C1705313
28542333	1238	1243	level	T080	C0441889
28542333	1275	1285	sentential	T170	C0876929
28542333	1286	1291	level	T080	C0441889

28542641|t|Platelet proteome reveals novel pathways of platelet activation and platelet - mediated immunoregulation in dengue
28542641|a|Dengue is the most prevalent human arbovirus disease worldwide. Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes syndromes varying from self-limiting febrile illness to severe dengue. Although dengue pathophysiology is not completely understood, it is widely accepted that increased inflammation plays important roles in dengue pathogenesis. Platelets are blood cells classically known as effectors of hemostasis which have been increasingly recognized to have major immune and inflammatory activities. Nevertheless, the phenotype and effector functions of platelets in dengue pathogenesis are not completely understood. Here we used quantitative proteomics to investigate the protein content of platelets in clinical samples from patients with dengue compared to platelets from healthy donors. Our assays revealed a set of 252 differentially abundant proteins. In silico analyses associated these proteins with key molecular events including platelet activation and inflammatory responses, and with events not previously attributed to platelets during dengue infection including antigen processing and presentation, proteasome activity, and expression of histones. From these results, we conducted functional assays using samples from a larger cohort of patients and demonstrated evidence for platelet activation indicated by P-selectin (CD62P) translocation and secretion of granule-stored chemokines by platelets. In addition, we found evidence that DENV infection triggers HLA class I synthesis and surface expression by a mechanism depending on functional proteasome activity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that cell-free histone H2A released during dengue infection binds to platelets, increasing platelet activation. These findings are consistent with functional importance of HLA class I, proteasome subunits, and histones that we found exclusively in proteome analysis of platelets in samples from dengue patients. Our study provides the first in-depth characterization of the platelet proteome in dengue, and sheds light on new mechanisms of platelet activation and platelet - mediated immune and inflammatory responses.
28542641	0	8	Platelet	T025	C0005821
28542641	9	17	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
28542641	18	25	reveals	T080	C0443289
28542641	32	40	pathways	T077	C1705987
28542641	44	63	platelet activation	T042	C0032173
28542641	68	76	platelet	T025	C0005821
28542641	79	87	mediated	T080	C1280500
28542641	88	104	immunoregulation	T040	C0678889
28542641	108	114	dengue	T047	C0011311
28542641	115	121	Dengue	T047	C0011311
28542641	144	149	human	T016	C0086418
28542641	150	167	arbovirus disease	T047	C0599941
28542641	168	177	worldwide	T082	C0332464
28542641	179	208	Dengue virus (DENV) infection	T047	C0011311
28542641	209	215	causes	T169	C0015127
28542641	216	225	syndromes	T047	C0039082
28542641	253	268	febrile illness	T047	C0743841
28542641	272	285	severe dengue	T047	C0019100
28542641	296	302	dengue	T047	C0011311
28542641	303	318	pathophysiology	T169	C0031847
28542641	322	325	not	T169	C1518422
28542641	326	336	completely	T080	C0205197
28542641	337	347	understood	T041	C0162340
28542641	376	385	increased	T081	C0205217
28542641	386	398	inflammation	T046	C0021368
28542641	415	420	roles	T077	C1705810
28542641	424	430	dengue	T047	C0011311
28542641	431	443	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28542641	445	454	Platelets	T025	C0005821
28542641	459	470	blood cells	T025	C0005773
28542641	483	488	known	T080	C0205309
28542641	505	515	hemostasis	T042	C0019116
28542641	564	569	major	T080	C0205164
28542641	570	576	immune	T169	C0439662
28542641	581	593	inflammatory	T169	C0333348
28542641	594	604	activities	T052	C0441655
28542641	624	633	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28542641	638	656	effector functions	T043	C0007613
28542641	660	669	platelets	T025	C0005821
28542641	673	679	dengue	T047	C0011311
28542641	680	692	pathogenesis	T046	C0699748
28542641	697	700	not	T169	C1518422
28542641	701	711	completely	T080	C0205197
28542641	712	722	understood	T041	C0162340
28542641	737	749	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28542641	750	760	proteomics	T059	C1327760
28542641	764	775	investigate	T169	C1292732
28542641	780	795	protein content	T059	C0202202
28542641	799	808	platelets	T025	C0005821
28542641	812	820	clinical	T080	C0205210
28542641	821	828	samples	T031	C0178913
28542641	834	842	patients	T101	C0030705
28542641	848	854	dengue	T047	C0011311
28542641	855	863	compared	T052	C1707455
28542641	867	876	platelets	T025	C0005821
28542641	882	889	healthy	T080	C3898900
28542641	890	896	donors	T098	C0005795
28542641	902	908	assays	T059	C1510438
28542641	909	917	revealed	T080	C0443289
28542641	931	945	differentially	T080	C0443199
28542641	946	954	abundant	T080	C2346714
28542641	955	963	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28542641	965	974	In silico	T066	C3489666
28542641	975	983	analyses	T062	C0936012
28542641	984	994	associated	T080	C0332281
28542641	1001	1009	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28542641	1019	1028	molecular	T080	C1521991
28542641	1029	1035	events	T051	C0441471
28542641	1036	1045	including	T169	C0332257
28542641	1046	1065	platelet activation	T042	C0032173
28542641	1070	1092	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266
28542641	1103	1109	events	T051	C0441471
28542641	1110	1113	not	T169	C1518422
28542641	1125	1135	attributed	T080	C1879746
28542641	1139	1148	platelets	T025	C0005821
28542641	1149	1155	during	T079	C0347984
28542641	1156	1162	dengue	T047	C0011311
28542641	1163	1172	infection	T046	C3714514
28542641	1173	1182	including	T169	C0332257
28542641	1183	1190	antigen	T129	C0003320
28542641	1191	1201	processing	T052	C1709694
28542641	1206	1218	presentation	T078	C0449450
28542641	1220	1239	proteasome activity	T044	C1622946
28542641	1245	1255	expression	T045	C1171362
28542641	1259	1267	histones	T116,T123	C0019652
28542641	1280	1287	results	T169	C1274040
28542641	1302	1312	functional	T169	C0205245
28542641	1313	1319	assays	T059	C1510438
28542641	1320	1325	using	T169	C1524063
28542641	1326	1333	samples	T167	C0370003
28542641	1341	1347	larger	T081	C0549177
28542641	1348	1354	cohort	T098	C0599755
28542641	1358	1366	patients	T101	C0030705
28542641	1384	1392	evidence	T078	C3887511
28542641	1397	1416	platelet activation	T042	C0032173
28542641	1417	1426	indicated	T033	C1444656
28542641	1430	1440	P-selectin	T116,T129	C0134835
28542641	1442	1447	CD62P	T116,T129	C0134835
28542641	1449	1462	translocation	T043	C0599893
28542641	1467	1476	secretion	T038	C0036536
28542641	1495	1505	chemokines	T116,T129	C0282554
28542641	1509	1518	platelets	T025	C0005821
28542641	1536	1541	found	T033	C0150312
28542641	1542	1550	evidence	T078	C3887511
28542641	1556	1570	DENV infection	T047	C0011311
28542641	1571	1579	triggers	T080	C1444748
28542641	1580	1591	HLA class I	T116,T129	C4038479
28542641	1592	1601	synthesis	T044	C0597295
28542641	1606	1613	surface	T082	C0205148
28542641	1614	1624	expression	T045	C1171362
28542641	1630	1639	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28542641	1653	1663	functional	T169	C0205245
28542641	1664	1683	proteasome activity	T044	C1622946
28542641	1718	1739	cell-free histone H2A	T116,T123	C0019646
28542641	1740	1748	released	T169	C0391871
28542641	1749	1755	during	T079	C0347984
28542641	1756	1772	dengue infection	T047	C0011311
28542641	1773	1778	binds	T044	C1167622
28542641	1782	1791	platelets	T025	C0005821
28542641	1793	1803	increasing	T169	C0442808
28542641	1804	1823	platelet activation	T042	C0032173
28542641	1831	1839	findings	T033	C0243095
28542641	1844	1859	consistent with	T078	C0332290
28542641	1860	1870	functional	T169	C0205245
28542641	1871	1881	importance	T080	C3898777
28542641	1885	1896	HLA class I	T116,T129	C4038479
28542641	1898	1908	proteasome	T116,T126	C0208355
28542641	1909	1917	subunits	T116	C0599220
28542641	1923	1931	histones	T116,T123	C0019652
28542641	1940	1945	found	T033	C0150312
28542641	1961	1969	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
28542641	1970	1978	analysis	T169	C1524024
28542641	1982	1991	platelets	T025	C0005821
28542641	1995	2002	samples	T031	C0178913
28542641	2008	2014	dengue	T047	C0011311
28542641	2015	2023	patients	T101	C0030705
28542641	2029	2034	study	T062	C2603343
28542641	2035	2043	provides	T052	C1999230
28542641	2063	2079	characterization	T052	C1880022
28542641	2087	2095	platelet	T025	C0005821
28542641	2096	2104	proteome	T116,T123	C0751973
28542641	2108	2114	dengue	T047	C0011311
28542641	2139	2149	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28542641	2153	2172	platelet activation	T042	C0032173
28542641	2177	2185	platelet	T025	C0005821
28542641	2188	2196	mediated	T080	C1280500
28542641	2197	2203	immune	T042	C0301872
28542641	2208	2230	inflammatory responses	T046	C1155266

28542952|t|Compensatory and decompensatory alterations in cardiomyocyte Ca(2+) dynamics in hearts with diastolic dysfunction following aortic banding
28542952|a|At the cellular level cardiac hypertrophy causes remodelling, leading to changes in ionic channel, pump and exchanger densities and kinetics. Previous studies have focused on quantifying changes in channels, pump s and exchangers without quantitatively linking these changes with emergent cellular scale functionality. Two biophysical cardiac cell models were created, parameterized and validated and are able to simulate electrophysiology and calcium dynamics in myocytes from control sham operated rats and aortic - banded rats exhibiting diastolic dysfunction. The contribution of each ionic pathway to the calcium kinetics was calculated, identifying the L-type Ca(2+) channel and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase as the principal regulators of systolic and diastolic Ca(2+), respectively. Results show that the ability to dynamically change systolic Ca(2+), through changes in expression of key Ca(2+) modelling protein densities, is drastically reduced following the aortic banding procedure; however the cells are able to compensate Ca(2+) homeostasis in an efficient way to minimize systolic dysfunction. Elevated left ventricular afterload leads to myocardial hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction, cellular remodelling and compromised calcium dynamics. At the cellular scale this remodelling of the ionic channels, pumps and exchangers gives rise to changes in the Ca(2+) transient. However, the relative roles of the underlying subcellular processes and the positive or negative impact of each remodelling mechanism are not fully understood. Biophysical cardiac cell models were created to simulate electrophysiology and calcium dynamics in myocytes from control rats (SHAM) and aortic - banded rats exhibiting diastolic dysfunction. The model parameters and framework were validated and the fitted parameters demonstrated to be unique for explaining our experimental data. The contribution of each ionic pathway to the calcium kinetics was calculated, identifying the L-type Ca(2+) channel (LCC) and the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) -ATPase (SERCA) as the principal regulators of systolic and diastolic Ca(2+), respectively. In the aortic banding model, the sensitivity of systolic Ca(2+) to LCC density and diastolic Ca(2+) to SERCA density decreased by 16-fold and increased by 23%, respectively, relative to the SHAM model. The energy cost of ionic homeostasis is maintained across the two models. The models predict that changes in ionic pathway densities in compensated aortic banding rats maintain Ca(2+) function and efficiency. The ability to dynamically alter systolic function is significantly diminished, while the capacity to maintain diastolic Ca(2+) is moderately increased.
28542952	0	12	Compensatory	T169	C0231186
28542952	17	31	decompensatory	T033	C0231187
28542952	32	43	alterations	T078	C1515926
28542952	47	60	cardiomyocyte	T025	C0225828
28542952	61	67	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	68	76	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28542952	80	86	hearts	T023	C0018787
28542952	92	113	diastolic dysfunction	T046	C0520863
28542952	124	130	aortic	T023	C0003483
28542952	131	138	banding	T061	C0185014
28542952	146	160	cellular level	T043	C1155939
28542952	161	180	cardiac hypertrophy	T046	C1383860
28542952	188	199	remodelling	UnknownType	C0678692
28542952	212	219	changes	T169	C0392747
28542952	223	236	ionic channel	T116,T123	C0022009
28542952	238	242	pump	T116,T123	C0085193
28542952	247	256	exchanger	T116,T123	C0598847
28542952	257	266	densities	T081	C0178587
28542952	271	279	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28542952	290	297	studies	T062	C2603343
28542952	314	325	quantifying	T081	C1709793
28542952	326	333	changes	T169	C0392747
28542952	337	345	channels	T116,T123	C0022009
28542952	347	351	pump	T116,T123	C0085193
28542952	358	368	exchangers	T116,T123	C0598847
28542952	377	391	quantitatively	T081	C0392762
28542952	406	413	changes	T169	C0392747
28542952	419	427	emergent	T078	C0750573
28542952	428	456	cellular scale functionality	T043	C0007613
28542952	462	473	biophysical	T070	C2350452
28542952	474	486	cardiac cell	T025	C0920751
28542952	487	493	models	T170	C0026344
28542952	508	521	parameterized	T077	C0549193
28542952	526	535	validated	T062	C1519941
28542952	552	560	simulate	T062	C0679083
28542952	561	578	electrophysiology	T091	C0013865
28542952	583	590	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28542952	591	599	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28542952	603	611	myocytes	T025	C0596981
28542952	617	643	control sham operated rats	T015	C0086893
28542952	648	654	aortic	T023	C0003483
28542952	657	663	banded	T061	C0185014
28542952	664	668	rats	T015	C0034721
28542952	680	701	diastolic dysfunction	T046	C0520863
28542952	707	719	contribution	T052	C1880177
28542952	728	741	ionic pathway	T044	C0037080
28542952	749	756	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28542952	757	765	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28542952	770	780	calculated	T169	C0444686
28542952	782	793	identifying	T033	C0489557
28542952	798	819	L-type Ca(2+) channel	T116,T123	C0288263
28542952	824	865	sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase	T116,T126	C0916181
28542952	873	882	principal	T080	C0205225
28542952	883	893	regulators	T077	C1704735
28542952	897	905	systolic	T079	C0039155
28542952	910	919	diastolic	T201	C0012000
28542952	920	926	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	942	949	Results	T033	C0683954
28542952	975	986	dynamically	T169	C0729333
28542952	987	993	change	T169	C0392747
28542952	994	1002	systolic	T079	C0039155
28542952	1003	1009	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	1019	1026	changes	T169	C0392747
28542952	1030	1040	expression	T045	C1171362
28542952	1044	1047	key	T077	C1706198
28542952	1048	1054	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	1055	1064	modelling	T062,T170	C0600115
28542952	1065	1072	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28542952	1073	1082	densities	T081	C0178587
28542952	1099	1106	reduced	T080	C0392756
28542952	1121	1127	aortic	T023	C0003483
28542952	1128	1145	banding procedure	T061	C0185014
28542952	1159	1164	cells	T025	C0920751
28542952	1177	1187	compensate	T080	C0205432
28542952	1188	1194	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	1195	1206	homeostasis	T039	C1326962
28542952	1213	1222	efficient	T080	C0442799
28542952	1239	1259	systolic dysfunction	T046	C0749225
28542952	1261	1296	Elevated left ventricular afterload	T033	C0919821
28542952	1306	1328	myocardial hypertrophy	T046	C3495916
28542952	1330	1351	diastolic dysfunction	T046	C0520863
28542952	1353	1361	cellular	T025	C0007634
28542952	1362	1373	remodelling	UnknownType	C0678692
28542952	1378	1389	compromised	T033	C2945640
28542952	1390	1397	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28542952	1398	1406	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28542952	1415	1423	cellular	T025	C0007634
28542952	1424	1429	scale	T077	C1522412
28542952	1435	1446	remodelling	UnknownType	C0678692
28542952	1454	1468	ionic channels	T116,T123	C0022009
28542952	1470	1475	pumps	T116,T123	C0085193
28542952	1480	1490	exchangers	T116,T123	C0598847
28542952	1505	1512	changes	T169	C0392747
28542952	1520	1526	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	1527	1536	transient	T079	C0205374
28542952	1584	1605	subcellular processes	T043	C0007613
28542952	1614	1622	positive	T033	C1446409
28542952	1626	1634	negative	T033	C0205160
28542952	1635	1641	impact	T080	C4049986
28542952	1650	1661	remodelling	UnknownType	C0678692
28542952	1662	1671	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28542952	1698	1709	Biophysical	T070	C2350452
28542952	1710	1722	cardiac cell	T025	C0920751
28542952	1723	1729	models	T075	C0026339
28542952	1746	1754	simulate	T062	C0679083
28542952	1755	1772	electrophysiology	T091	C0013865
28542952	1777	1784	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28542952	1785	1793	dynamics	T070	C3826426
28542952	1797	1805	myocytes	T025	C0596981
28542952	1811	1830	control rats (SHAM)	T015	C0086893
28542952	1835	1841	aortic	T023	C0003483
28542952	1844	1850	banded	T061	C0185014
28542952	1851	1855	rats	T015	C0086893
28542952	1867	1888	diastolic dysfunction	T046	C0520863
28542952	1894	1899	model	T170	C0026344
28542952	1900	1910	parameters	T077	C0549193
28542952	1915	1924	framework	T080	C0205556
28542952	1930	1939	validated	T062	C1519941
28542952	1955	1965	parameters	T077	C0549193
28542952	1985	1991	unique	T080	C1710548
28542952	2011	2028	experimental data	T078	C1511726
28542952	2034	2046	contribution	T052	C1880177
28542952	2055	2068	ionic pathway	T044	C0037080
28542952	2076	2083	calcium	T121,T123,T196	C0006675
28542952	2084	2092	kinetics	T070	C0022702
28542952	2097	2107	calculated	T169	C0444686
28542952	2109	2120	identifying	T033	C0489557
28542952	2125	2146	L-type Ca(2+) channel	T116,T123	C0288263
28542952	2148	2151	LCC	T116,T123	C0288263
28542952	2161	2203	sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) -ATPase	T116,T126	C0916181
28542952	2205	2210	SERCA	T116,T126	C0916181
28542952	2219	2228	principal	T080	C0205225
28542952	2229	2239	regulators	T077	C1704735
28542952	2243	2251	systolic	T079	C0039155
28542952	2256	2265	diastolic	T201	C0012000
28542952	2266	2272	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	2295	2301	aortic	T023	C0003483
28542952	2302	2309	banding	T061	C0185014
28542952	2310	2315	model	T170	C0026344
28542952	2321	2332	sensitivity	T080	C1522640
28542952	2336	2344	systolic	T079	C0039155
28542952	2345	2351	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	2355	2358	LCC	T116,T123	C0288263
28542952	2359	2366	density	T081	C0178587
28542952	2371	2380	diastolic	T201	C0012000
28542952	2381	2387	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	2391	2396	SERCA	T116,T126	C0916181
28542952	2397	2404	density	T081	C0178587
28542952	2405	2414	decreased	T081	C0205216
28542952	2430	2439	increased	T081	C0205217
28542952	2478	2488	SHAM model	T015	C0086893
28542952	2494	2505	energy cost	T081	C1442080
28542952	2509	2526	ionic homeostasis	T039	C1326962
28542952	2530	2540	maintained	T052	C0024501
28542952	2556	2562	models	T170	C0026344
28542952	2568	2574	models	T170	C0026344
28542952	2588	2595	changes	T169	C0392747
28542952	2599	2612	ionic pathway	T044	C0037080
28542952	2613	2622	densities	T081	C0178587
28542952	2626	2637	compensated	T080	C0205432
28542952	2638	2644	aortic	T023	C0003483
28542952	2645	2652	banding	T061	C0185014
28542952	2653	2657	rats	T015	C0034721
28542952	2658	2666	maintain	T052	C0024501
28542952	2667	2673	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	2674	2682	function	T039	C0031843
28542952	2687	2697	efficiency	T081	C0013682
28542952	2703	2710	ability	T032	C0085732
28542952	2714	2725	dynamically	T169	C0729333
28542952	2732	2749	systolic function	T042	C0442710
28542952	2753	2766	significantly	T078	C0750502
28542952	2767	2777	diminished	T081	C0205216
28542952	2789	2797	capacity	T081	C1516240
28542952	2801	2809	maintain	T052	C0024501
28542952	2810	2819	diastolic	T201	C0012000
28542952	2820	2826	Ca(2+)	T121,T196	C0596235
28542952	2830	2840	moderately	T080	C0205081
28542952	2841	2850	increased	T081	C0205217

28543041|t|The added value of cardiac index and pulse pressure variation monitoring to mean arterial pressure - guided volume therapy in moderate-risk abdominal surgery (COGUIDE): a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial
28543041|a|There is disagreement regarding the benefits of goal-directed therapy in moderate-risk abdominal surgery. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the addition of non-invasive cardiac index and pulse pressure variation monitoring to mean arterial pressure -based goal-directed therapy would reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in patients having moderate-risk abdominal surgery. In this pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial, we randomly allocated 244 patients by envelope drawing in a 1:1 fashion, stratified per centre. All patients had mean arterial pressure, cardiac index and pulse pressure variation measured continuously. In one group, healthcare professionals were blinded to cardiac index and pulse pressure variation values and were asked to guide haemodynamic therapy only based on mean arterial pressure (control group). In the second group, cardiac index and pulse pressure variation values were displayed and kept within target ranges following a pre-defined algorithm (CI-PPV group). The primary endpoint was the incidence of postoperative complications within 30 days. One hundred and seventy-five patients were eligible for final analysis. Overall complication rates were similar (42/94 (44.7%) vs. 38/81 (46.9%) in the control and CI-PPV groups, respectively; p = 0.95). The CI-PPV group had lower mean (SD) pulse pressure variation values (9.5 (2.0)% vs. 11.9 (4.6)%; p = 0.003) and higher mean (SD) cardiac indices (2.76 (0.62) l min(-1) .m(-2) vs. 2.53 (0.66) l min(-1) .m(-2); p = 0.004) than the control group. In moderate-risk abdominal surgery, we observed no additional value of cardiac index and pulse pressure variation - guided haemodynamic therapy to mean arterial pressure - guided volume therapy with regard to postoperative complications.
28543041	4	9	added	T169	C1524062
28543041	10	15	value	T081	C1522609
28543041	19	32	cardiac index	T033	C0428776
28543041	37	51	pulse pressure	T040	C0949236
28543041	52	61	variation	T080	C0205419
28543041	62	72	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28543041	76	98	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
28543041	101	122	guided volume therapy	T061	C0087111
28543041	126	157	moderate-risk abdominal surgery	T061	C2066139
28543041	159	166	COGUIDE	T061	C0087111
28543041	171	180	pragmatic	T062	C3658312
28543041	181	192	multicentre	T062	C0206012
28543041	193	220	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28543041	230	242	disagreement	UnknownType	C0681800
28543041	257	265	benefits	T081	C0814225
28543041	269	290	goal-directed therapy	T061	C1271494
28543041	294	325	moderate-risk abdominal surgery	T061	C2066139
28543041	341	347	tested	T170	C0392366
28543041	352	362	hypothesis	T078	C1512571
28543041	372	380	addition	T169	C0332287
28543041	384	396	non-invasive	T169	C0205303
28543041	397	410	cardiac index	T033	C0428776
28543041	415	429	pulse pressure	T040	C0949236
28543041	430	439	variation	T080	C0205419
28543041	440	450	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28543041	454	476	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
28543041	484	505	goal-directed therapy	T061	C1271494
28543041	512	518	reduce	T080	C0392756
28543041	523	532	incidence	T081	C0021149
28543041	536	563	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
28543041	567	575	patients	T101	C0030705
28543041	583	614	moderate-risk abdominal surgery	T061	C2066139
28543041	624	633	pragmatic	T062	C3658312
28543041	634	645	multicentre	T062	C0206012
28543041	646	673	randomised controlled trial	T062	C0206035
28543041	678	696	randomly allocated	T062	C0034656
28543041	701	709	patients	T101	C0030705
28543041	713	729	envelope drawing	T170	C0013113
28543041	748	758	stratified	T080	C0205363
28543041	775	783	patients	T101	C0030705
28543041	788	810	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
28543041	812	825	cardiac index	T033	C0428776
28543041	830	844	pulse pressure	T040	C0949236
28543041	845	854	variation	T080	C0205419
28543041	855	863	measured	T080	C0444706
28543041	864	876	continuously	T078	C0549178
28543041	885	890	group	T078	C0441833
28543041	892	916	healthcare professionals	T097	C0018724
28543041	922	929	blinded	T062	C0150108
28543041	933	946	cardiac index	T033	C0428776
28543041	951	965	pulse pressure	T040	C0949236
28543041	966	975	variation	T080	C0205419
28543041	976	982	values	T081	C1522609
28543041	1007	1027	haemodynamic therapy	T061	C0087111
28543041	1042	1064	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
28543041	1066	1079	control group	T096	C0009932
28543041	1096	1101	group	T078	C0441833
28543041	1103	1116	cardiac index	T033	C0428776
28543041	1121	1135	pulse pressure	T040	C0949236
28543041	1136	1145	variation	T080	C0205419
28543041	1146	1152	values	T081	C1522609
28543041	1158	1167	displayed	T169	C0870432
28543041	1184	1190	target	T169	C1521840
28543041	1191	1197	ranges	T081	C1514721
28543041	1210	1231	pre-defined algorithm	T170	C0002045
28543041	1233	1245	CI-PPV group	T078	C0441833
28543041	1252	1268	primary endpoint	T130	C2986535
28543041	1277	1286	incidence	T081	C0021149
28543041	1290	1317	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787
28543041	1318	1332	within 30 days	T033	C3845590
28543041	1363	1371	patients	T101	C0030705
28543041	1377	1385	eligible	T080	C1548635
28543041	1390	1395	final	T079	C3853528
28543041	1396	1404	analysis	T062	C0936012
28543041	1406	1413	Overall	T080	C1561607
28543041	1414	1432	complication rates	T046	C0009566
28543041	1486	1493	control	T096	C0009932
28543041	1498	1511	CI-PPV groups	T078	C0441833
28543041	1542	1554	CI-PPV group	T078	C0441833
28543041	1559	1564	lower	T080	C0205251
28543041	1565	1569	mean	T081	C0444504
28543041	1571	1573	SD	T081	C0871420
28543041	1575	1589	pulse pressure	T040	C0949236
28543041	1590	1599	variation	T080	C0205419
28543041	1600	1606	values	T081	C1522609
28543041	1651	1657	higher	T080	C0205250
28543041	1658	1662	mean	T081	C0444504
28543041	1664	1666	SD	T081	C0871420
28543041	1668	1683	cardiac indices	T033	C0428776
28543041	1768	1781	control group	T096	C0009932
28543041	1786	1817	moderate-risk abdominal surgery	T061	C2066139
28543041	1822	1830	observed	T169	C1441672
28543041	1834	1850	additional value	T170	C0439062
28543041	1854	1867	cardiac index	T033	C0428776
28543041	1872	1886	pulse pressure	T040	C0949236
28543041	1887	1896	variation	T080	C0205419
28543041	1899	1926	guided haemodynamic therapy	T061	C0087111
28543041	1930	1952	mean arterial pressure	T033	C0428886
28543041	1955	1976	guided volume therapy	T061	C0087111
28543041	1992	2019	postoperative complications	T046	C0032787

28543991|t|Sensitivity and Specificity of Plasma ALT, ALP, and Bile Acids for Hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers
28543991|a|Biochemical indicators for diagnosing liver disease are plasma alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and bile acid concentration (BA). To determine the sensitivity and specificity of ALT, ALP, and BA for detecting primary hepatitis (PH) in clinically healthy Labrador retrievers and investigate whether ALT and ALP can discriminate between dogs with PH and nonspecific reactive hepatitis (RH). 191 clinically healthy and 51 clinically ill Labrador retrievers with hepatic histopathology. Retrospective study. Medical records were reviewed for ALT, ALP, preprandial BA, liver histopathology, and hepatic copper concentrations. In 64% (122/191) of the clinically healthy Labrador retrievers, hepatic histology revealed inflammatory infiltrates. This frequency might be biased because part of them was included as first-line relatives of dogs with copper-associated hepatitis. Sensitivity of ALT, ALP, and BA in this population for detecting acute hepatitis was 45, 15, and 15%, respectively. For chronic hepatitis, sensitivity was 71, 35, and 13%, respectively. Specificity of ALT, ALP, and BA was >90% for AH, CH, and RH. When increased liver enzymes were present, median ALT was significantly higher in PH cases (312 U/L, range 38-1,369) compared to RH cases (91 U/L, range 39-139) (P < .001). There was no difference in ALP between dogs with a PH and a RH (P = .361). Histopathologic abnormalities in the liver were present in the majority of apparent clinically healthy Labrador retrievers. The sensitivity of ALT, ALP, and BA for detecting acute and chronic hepatitis in this population was low. More sensitive biomarkers are needed for early detection of liver disease in apparent clinically healthy dogs.
28543991	0	27	Sensitivity and Specificity	T081	C0036668
28543991	31	37	Plasma	T031	C0032105
28543991	38	41	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28543991	43	46	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
28543991	52	62	Bile Acids	T109,T123	C0005390
28543991	67	76	Hepatitis	T047	C0019158
28543991	80	99	Labrador Retrievers	T015	C0324431
28543991	100	122	Biochemical indicators	T130	C0021212
28543991	127	137	diagnosing	T033	C0011900
28543991	138	151	liver disease	T047	C0023895
28543991	156	162	plasma	T031	C0032105
28543991	163	196	alanine aminotransferase activity	T044	C2257648
28543991	198	201	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28543991	204	233	alkaline phosphatase activity	T044	C1149888
28543991	235	238	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
28543991	245	268	bile acid concentration	T059	C0523530
28543991	270	272	BA	T109,T123	C0005390
28543991	292	319	sensitivity and specificity	T081	C0036668
28543991	323	326	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28543991	328	331	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
28543991	337	339	BA	T109,T123	C0005390
28543991	344	353	detecting	T033	C0442726
28543991	354	371	primary hepatitis	T047	C0019158
28543991	373	375	PH	T047	C0019158
28543991	380	398	clinically healthy	T080	C3898900
28543991	399	418	Labrador retrievers	T015	C0324431
28543991	423	434	investigate	T169	C1292732
28543991	443	446	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28543991	451	454	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
28543991	459	471	discriminate	T080	C0205235
28543991	480	484	dogs	T015	C0012984
28543991	490	492	PH	T047	C0019158
28543991	497	508	nonspecific	T078	C0750540
28543991	509	527	reactive hepatitis	T047	C1399450
28543991	529	531	RH	T047	C1399450
28543991	538	556	clinically healthy	T080	C3898900
28543991	564	578	clinically ill	T184	C0221423
28543991	579	598	Labrador retrievers	T015	C0324431
28543991	604	611	hepatic	T029	C0205054
28543991	612	626	histopathology	T091	C0677043
28543991	628	647	Retrospective study	T062	C0035363
28543991	649	664	Medical records	T170	C0025102
28543991	670	678	reviewed	T080	C1709940
28543991	683	686	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28543991	688	691	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
28543991	693	704	preprandial	T079	C1550738
28543991	705	707	BA	T109,T123	C0005390
28543991	709	714	liver	T023	C0023884
28543991	715	729	histopathology	T091	C0677043
28543991	735	764	hepatic copper concentrations	T033	C3672035
28543991	790	808	clinically healthy	T080	C3898900
28543991	809	828	Labrador retrievers	T015	C0324431
28543991	830	847	hepatic histology	T033	C1857467
28543991	848	856	revealed	T080	C0443289
28543991	857	881	inflammatory infiltrates	T033	C3887644
28543991	888	897	frequency	T079	C0439603
28543991	907	913	biased	T078	C0242568
28543991	939	947	included	T169	C0332257
28543991	951	961	first-line	T080	C0444502
28543991	975	979	dogs	T015	C0012984
28543991	985	1012	copper-associated hepatitis	T047	C1299900
28543991	1014	1025	Sensitivity	T062	C1516631
28543991	1029	1032	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28543991	1034	1037	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
28543991	1043	1045	BA	T109,T123	C0005390
28543991	1054	1064	population	T008	C1318101
28543991	1079	1094	acute hepatitis	T047	C0267797
28543991	1134	1151	chronic hepatitis	T047	C0019189
28543991	1153	1164	sensitivity	T062	C1516631
28543991	1200	1211	Specificity	T081	C0037791
28543991	1215	1218	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28543991	1220	1223	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
28543991	1229	1231	BA	T109,T123	C0005390
28543991	1245	1247	AH	T047	C0267797
28543991	1249	1251	CH	T047	C0019189
28543991	1257	1259	RH	T047	C1399450
28543991	1266	1289	increased liver enzymes	T033	C0235996
28543991	1295	1302	present	T033	C0150312
28543991	1304	1310	median	T081	C2348144
28543991	1311	1314	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28543991	1319	1339	significantly higher	T080	C0205250
28543991	1343	1345	PH	T047	C0019158
28543991	1346	1351	cases	T169	C0868928
28543991	1362	1367	range	T081	C1514721
28543991	1378	1386	compared	T052	C1707455
28543991	1390	1392	RH	T047	C1399450
28543991	1393	1398	cases	T169	C0868928
28543991	1408	1413	range	T081	C1514721
28543991	1444	1457	no difference	T033	C3842396
28543991	1461	1464	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
28543991	1473	1477	dogs	T015	C0012984
28543991	1485	1487	PH	T047	C0019158
28543991	1494	1496	RH	T047	C1399450
28543991	1509	1524	Histopathologic	T091	C0677043
28543991	1525	1538	abnormalities	T033	C1704258
28543991	1546	1551	liver	T023	C0023884
28543991	1557	1564	present	T033	C0150312
28543991	1584	1592	apparent	T078	C0750489
28543991	1593	1611	clinically healthy	T080	C3898900
28543991	1612	1631	Labrador retrievers	T015	C0324431
28543991	1637	1648	sensitivity	T062	C1516631
28543991	1652	1655	ALT	T116,T126	C0001899
28543991	1657	1660	ALP	T116,T126	C0002059
28543991	1666	1668	BA	T109,T123	C0005390
28543991	1683	1688	acute	T047	C0267797
28543991	1693	1710	chronic hepatitis	T047	C0019189
28543991	1719	1729	population	T008	C1318101
28543991	1744	1753	sensitive	T169	C0332324
28543991	1754	1764	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28543991	1780	1795	early detection	T060	C2350051
28543991	1799	1812	liver disease	T047	C0023895
28543991	1816	1824	apparent	T078	C0750489
28543991	1825	1843	clinically healthy	T080	C3898900
28543991	1844	1848	dogs	T015	C0012984

28544215|t|Anterior single implants with different neck designs: 5 Year results of a randomized clinical trial
28544215|a|The design of the implant neck might be significant for preservation of marginal bone. To compare the 5-year radiographic and clinical outcome of single anterior implants provided with a smooth neck, a rough neck or a scalloped rough neck. 93 Patients with a missing anterior tooth in the maxilla were included. At random, patients received an implant with a 1.5 mm smooth neck (" smooth group "), a rough neck with grooves (" rough group ") or a scalloped rough neck with grooves (" scalloped group "). Implants were installed in healed sites. Follow-up visits were conducted after final crown delivery and 1 year and 5 years later. Scalloped implants showed significantly more initial marginal bone resorption. The total amount of bone loss was 1.26 ± 0.90 mm in the smooth group, 1.20 ± 1.1 mm in the rough group and 2.28 ± 0.97 mm in the scalloped group (P < .05). Survival rates were 96.2% for the smooth and scalloped group and 100% for the rough group. Scalloped implants showed deeper pocket depths, more bleeding and more technical complications. There were no differences in esthetic outcome nor in patient satisfaction. For anterior single tooth replacements, scalloped implants show less favorable radiographic and clinical outcome compared to regular implants with a smooth neck or rough neck.
28544215	0	24	Anterior single implants	T074	C0376511
28544215	40	44	neck	T082	C1254362
28544215	45	52	designs	T052	C1707689
28544215	56	60	Year	T079	C0439234
28544215	74	99	randomized clinical trial	T062,T170	C0206034
28544215	104	110	design	T052	C1707689
28544215	118	130	implant neck	T074	C0376511
28544215	156	168	preservation	T059	C1514402
28544215	172	180	marginal	T082	C0205284
28544215	181	185	bone	T024	C0005931
28544215	202	208	5-year	T079	C0439234
28544215	209	221	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28544215	226	234	clinical	T080	C0205210
28544215	235	242	outcome	T169	C1274040
28544215	246	270	single anterior implants	T074	C0376511
28544215	287	293	smooth	T080	C0205357
28544215	287	298	smooth neck	T082	C1254362
28544215	302	312	rough neck	T082	C1254362
28544215	328	338	rough neck	T082	C1254362
28544215	343	351	Patients	T101	C0030705
28544215	367	375	anterior	T082	C0205094
28544215	376	381	tooth	T023	C0040426
28544215	389	396	maxilla	T023	C0024947
28544215	423	431	patients	T101	C0030705
28544215	444	451	implant	T074	C0376511
28544215	466	472	smooth	T080	C0205357
28544215	473	477	neck	T082	C1254362
28544215	481	493	smooth group	T078	C0441833
28544215	500	510	rough neck	T082	C1254362
28544215	527	538	rough group	T078	C0441833
28544215	557	567	rough neck	T082	C1254362
28544215	584	599	scalloped group	T078	C0441833
28544215	604	612	Implants	T074	C0376511
28544215	631	643	healed sites	T029	C1515974
28544215	645	661	Follow-up visits	T058	C0589121
28544215	689	703	crown delivery	T169	C1705822
28544215	710	714	year	T079	C0439234
28544215	721	726	years	T079	C0439234
28544215	744	752	implants	T074	C0376511
28544215	787	795	marginal	T082	C0205284
28544215	796	811	bone resorption	T042	C0005974
28544215	833	842	bone loss	T042	C0005974
28544215	869	881	smooth group	T078	C0441833
28544215	904	915	rough group	T078	C0441833
28544215	942	957	scalloped group	T078	C0441833
28544215	969	983	Survival rates	T081	C0038954
28544215	1003	1009	smooth	T078	C0441833
28544215	1014	1029	scalloped group	T078	C0441833
28544215	1047	1058	rough group	T078	C0441833
28544215	1070	1078	implants	T074	C0376511
28544215	1086	1106	deeper pocket depths	T082	C0205125
28544215	1113	1121	bleeding	T046	C0019080
28544215	1141	1154	complications	T078	C2362589
28544215	1185	1201	esthetic outcome	T169	C1274040
28544215	1209	1229	patient satisfaction	T080	C0030702
28544215	1235	1243	anterior	T082	C0205094
28544215	1251	1269	tooth replacements	T042	C3893426
28544215	1281	1289	implants	T074	C0376511
28544215	1310	1322	radiographic	T070	C0444708
28544215	1327	1335	clinical	T080	C0205210
28544215	1336	1343	outcome	T169	C1274040
28544215	1364	1372	implants	T074	C0376511
28544215	1380	1386	smooth	T080	C0205357
28544215	1387	1391	neck	T082	C1254362
28544215	1395	1405	rough neck	T082	C1254362

28544275|t|Recessive mutations in MSTO1 cause mitochondrial dynamics impairment, leading to myopathy and ataxia
28544275|a|We report here the first families carrying recessive variants in the MSTO1 gene: compound heterozygous mutations were identified in two sisters and in an unrelated singleton case, who presented a multisystem complex phenotype mainly characterized by myopathy and cerebellar ataxia. Human MSTO1 is a poorly studied protein, suggested to have mitochondrial localization and to regulate morphology and distribution of mitochondria. As for other mutations affecting genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics, no biochemical defects typical of mitochondrial disorders were reported. Studies in patients ' fibroblasts revealed that MSTO1 protein levels were strongly reduced, the mitochondrial network was fragmented and the fusion events among mitochondria were decreased, confirming the deleterious effect of the identified variants and the role of MSTO1 in modulating mitochondrial dynamics. We also found that MSTO1 is mainly a cytosolic protein. These findings indicate recessive mutations in MSTO1 as a new cause for inherited neuromuscular disorders with multisystem features. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28544275	0	19	Recessive mutations	T045	C0026882
28544275	23	28	MSTO1	T116,T123	C1957185
28544275	35	57	mitochondrial dynamics	T043	C3494415
28544275	58	68	impairment	T169	C0221099
28544275	81	89	myopathy	T047	C0026848
28544275	94	100	ataxia	T184	C0004134
28544275	126	134	families	T099	C0015576
28544275	154	162	variants	T080	C0205419
28544275	170	180	MSTO1 gene	T028	C1826310
28544275	182	203	compound heterozygous	T033	C4264438
28544275	204	213	mutations	T045	C0026882
28544275	204	213	mutations	T045	C0026882
28544275	219	229	identified	T080	C0205396
28544275	237	244	sisters	T099	C0337514
28544275	255	264	unrelated	T033	C0445356
28544275	265	274	singleton	T099	C1313913
28544275	285	294	presented	T078	C0449450
28544275	309	316	complex	T080	C0439855
28544275	317	326	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28544275	334	347	characterized	T052	C1880022
28544275	351	359	myopathy	T047	C0026848
28544275	364	381	cerebellar ataxia	T184	C0007758
28544275	383	394	Human MSTO1	T116,T123	C1957185
28544275	424	433	suggested	T078	C1705535
28544275	442	468	mitochondrial localization	T038	C1657244
28544275	476	484	regulate	T038	C1327622
28544275	485	495	morphology	T080	C0332437
28544275	500	528	distribution of mitochondria	T043	C1522855
28544275	543	552	mutations	T045	C0026882
28544275	553	562	affecting	T169	C0392760
28544275	563	568	genes	T028	C0017337
28544275	581	603	mitochondrial dynamics	T043	C3494415
28544275	608	619	biochemical	T169	C0205474
28544275	620	627	defects	T169	C0243067
28544275	639	662	mitochondrial disorders	T047	C0751651
28544275	668	676	reported	T058	C0700287
28544275	689	697	patients	T101	C0030705
28544275	700	711	fibroblasts	T025	C0016030
28544275	712	720	revealed	T080	C0443289
28544275	726	739	MSTO1 protein	T116,T123	C1957185
28544275	740	746	levels	T080	C0441889
28544275	761	768	reduced	T080	C0392756
28544275	774	810	mitochondrial network was fragmented	T033	C3809602
28544275	819	825	fusion	T169	C0332466
28544275	839	851	mitochondria	T026	C0026237
28544275	857	866	decreased	T081	C0205216
28544275	883	901	deleterious effect	T049	C2985436
28544275	909	919	identified	T080	C0205396
28544275	920	928	variants	T080	C0205419
28544275	945	950	MSTO1	T116,T123	C1957185
28544275	954	964	modulating	T082	C0443264
28544275	965	987	mitochondrial dynamics	T043	C3494415
28544275	1026	1043	cytosolic protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28544275	1069	1088	recessive mutations	T045	C0026882
28544275	1092	1097	MSTO1	T116,T123	C1957185
28544275	1117	1126	inherited	T169	C0439660
28544275	1127	1150	neuromuscular disorders	T047	C0027868

28544452|t|A Conserved Role for VEGF Signaling in Specification of Homologous Mesenchymal Cell Types Positioned at Spatially Distinct Developmental Addresses in Early Development of Sea Urchins
28544452|a|Comparative studies of early development in echinoderms are revealing the tempo and mode of alterations to developmental gene regulatory networks and to the cell types they specify. In euechinoid sea urchins, skeletogenic mesenchyme (SM) ingresses prior to gastrulation at the vegetal pole and aligns into a ring-like array with two bilateral pockets of cells, the sites where spiculogenesis will later occur. In cidaroid sea urchins, the anciently diverged sister clade to euechinoid sea urchins, a homologous SM cell type ingresses later in development, after gastrulation has commenced, and consequently at a distinct developmental address. Thus, a heterochronic shift of ingression of the SM cell type occurred in one of the echinoid lineages. In euechinoids, specification and migration of SM are facilitated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. We describe spatiotemporal expression of vegf and vegfr and experimental manipulations targeting VEGF signaling in the cidaroid Eucidaris tribuloides. Spatially, vegf and vegfr mRNA localizes similarly as in euechinoids, suggesting conserved deployment in echinoids despite their spatially distinct development addresses of ingression. Inhibition of VEGF signaling in E. tribuloides suggests its role in SM specification is conserved in echinoids. Temporal discrepancies between the onset of vegf expression and SM ingression likely result in previous observations of SM "random wandering" behavior. Our results indicate that, although the SM cell type in echinoids ingresses into distinct developmental landscapes, it retains a signaling mechanism that restricts their spatial localization to a conserved developmental address where spiculogenesis later occurs.
28544452	12	16	Role	T077	C1705810
28544452	21	35	VEGF Signaling	T044	C3271788
28544452	56	66	Homologous	T032	C0301883
28544452	67	78	Mesenchymal	T018	C0162415
28544452	79	89	Cell Types	T025	C0007634
28544452	90	100	Positioned	T082	C0733755
28544452	123	136	Developmental	T040	C0678723
28544452	137	146	Addresses	T029	C1515974
28544452	150	167	Early Development	T040	C0678723
28544452	171	182	Sea Urchins	T204	C0036488
28544452	183	202	Comparative studies	T062	C1579762
28544452	206	223	early development	T040	C0678723
28544452	227	238	echinoderms	T204	C0013507
28544452	257	262	tempo	T079	C0040223
28544452	267	271	mode	T169	C1513371
28544452	275	286	alterations	T078	C1515926
28544452	290	303	developmental	T028	C0017340
28544452	304	328	gene regulatory networks	T044	C1720950
28544452	340	350	cell types	T025	C0007634
28544452	368	378	euechinoid	T204	C0998680
28544452	379	390	sea urchins	T204	C0036488
28544452	392	415	skeletogenic mesenchyme	T018	C0162415
28544452	417	419	SM	T018	C0162415
28544452	421	430	ingresses	T042	C4242052
28544452	440	452	gastrulation	T040	C0259902
28544452	491	506	ring-like array	T082	C1510941
28544452	516	525	bilateral	T082	C0238767
28544452	526	542	pockets of cells	T025	C0007634
28544452	548	553	sites	T082	C0205145
28544452	596	604	cidaroid	T204	C0998672
28544452	605	616	sea urchins	T204	C0036488
28544452	641	653	sister clade	T204	C0684063
28544452	657	667	euechinoid	T204	C0998680
28544452	668	679	sea urchins	T204	C0036488
28544452	683	693	homologous	T032	C0301883
28544452	694	696	SM	T018	C0162415
28544452	697	706	cell type	T025	C0007634
28544452	707	716	ingresses	T042	C4242052
28544452	726	737	development	T040	C0678723
28544452	745	757	gastrulation	T040	C0259902
28544452	804	817	developmental	T040	C0678723
28544452	818	825	address	T029	C1515974
28544452	835	854	heterochronic shift	T040	C1160201
28544452	858	868	ingression	T042	C4242052
28544452	876	878	SM	T018	C0162415
28544452	879	888	cell type	T025	C0007634
28544452	912	920	echinoid	T204	C0036488
28544452	921	929	lineages	T078	C0282637
28544452	934	945	euechinoids	T204	C0998680
28544452	965	974	migration	T042	C2755542
28544452	978	980	SM	T018	C0162415
28544452	1000	1051	vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling	T044	C3271788
28544452	1065	1090	spatiotemporal expression	T045	C1171362
28544452	1094	1098	vegf	T116,T123	C1256770
28544452	1103	1108	vegfr	T116,T126,T192	C0148199
28544452	1150	1164	VEGF signaling	T044	C3271788
28544452	1172	1202	cidaroid Eucidaris tribuloides	T204	C0998676
28544452	1215	1219	vegf	T116,T123	C1256770
28544452	1224	1229	vegfr	T116,T126,T192	C0148199
28544452	1230	1234	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28544452	1235	1244	localizes	T082	C0392752
28544452	1261	1272	euechinoids	T204	C0998680
28544452	1295	1305	deployment	T052	C2825812
28544452	1309	1318	echinoids	T204	C0036488
28544452	1352	1363	development	T040	C0678723
28544452	1364	1373	addresses	T029	C1515974
28544452	1377	1387	ingression	T042	C4242052
28544452	1389	1417	Inhibition of VEGF signaling	T044	C3547942
28544452	1421	1435	E. tribuloides	T204	C0998676
28544452	1449	1453	role	T077	C1705810
28544452	1457	1459	SM	T018	C0162415
28544452	1490	1499	echinoids	T204	C0036488
28544452	1501	1509	Temporal	T082	C0442043
28544452	1510	1523	discrepancies	T033	C1290905
28544452	1536	1541	onset	T080	C0332162
28544452	1545	1549	vegf	T116,T123	C1256770
28544452	1550	1560	expression	T045	C1171362
28544452	1565	1567	SM	T018	C0162415
28544452	1568	1578	ingression	T042	C4242052
28544452	1621	1623	SM	T018	C0162415
28544452	1693	1695	SM	T018	C0162415
28544452	1696	1705	cell type	T025	C0007634
28544452	1709	1718	echinoids	T204	C0036488
28544452	1719	1728	ingresses	T042	C4242052
28544452	1743	1756	developmental	T040	C0678723
28544452	1782	1801	signaling mechanism	T044	C0037080
28544452	1807	1816	restricts	T169	C0443288
28544452	1823	1843	spatial localization	T169	C0475264
28544452	1859	1872	developmental	T040	C0678723
28544452	1873	1880	address	T029	C1515974

28544492|t|Epistatic influence in tomato Ve1 - mediated resistance
28544492|a|Resistance to Verticillium wilt disease is associated with the tomato Ve-locus; however, the individual functional roles of Ve1 and Ve2 in host plants remain controversial. As a first step towards Ve mutational analyses in planta, the Ve1 coding region from a resistant tomato near-isoline (cv. Craigella GCR218) was introduced into a susceptible near-isoline (cv. Craigella GCR26). 35S:Ve1 plants segregated into two distinct classes; roughly half were resistant and half were susceptible. Ve1 transcript levels were upregulated in both classes compared to wild-type plants, showing stable transgenic expression. Expression analysis of Ve2 revealed that mRNA levels were similar between 35S:Ve1 and wild-type tomatoes, demonstrating that Ve1 transgene introduction does not alter endogenous Ve2 expression. Overall, the results of this study confirm the functional role of Ve1 protein in resistance to the vascular fungal pathogen V. dahliae race 1 (Vd1), but suggest that a yet undefined factor exerts an epistatic influence on the Ve1 gene. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28544492	0	9	Epistatic	T045	C0014589
28544492	10	19	influence	T077	C4054723
28544492	23	29	tomato	T168	C0242772
28544492	30	33	Ve1	T028	C0017337
28544492	36	44	mediated	T054	C0680727
28544492	45	55	resistance	T040	C1136180
28544492	56	66	Resistance	T040	C1136180
28544492	70	95	Verticillium wilt disease	T047	C0012634
28544492	99	114	associated with	T080	C0332281
28544492	119	125	tomato	T168	C0242772
28544492	126	134	Ve-locus	T028	C0678933
28544492	160	176	functional roles	T077	C1705810
28544492	180	183	Ve1	T028	C0017337
28544492	188	191	Ve2	T028	C0017337
28544492	195	206	host plants	UnknownType	C0868970
28544492	214	227	controversial	T054	C0680243
28544492	253	275	Ve mutational analyses	T059,T063	C0012878
28544492	279	285	planta	T002	C0032098
28544492	291	294	Ve1	T028	C0017337
28544492	295	308	coding region	T114,T123	C0015295
28544492	316	325	resistant	T169	C0332325
28544492	326	367	tomato near-isoline (cv. Craigella GCR218	T168	C0242772
28544492	403	437	near-isoline (cv. Craigella GCR26)	T168	C0242772
28544492	439	453	35S:Ve1 plants	T002	C0032098
28544492	474	490	distinct classes	T170	C0456387
28544492	500	504	half	T081	C2825407
28544492	510	519	resistant	T169	C0332325
28544492	524	528	half	T081	C2825407
28544492	534	545	susceptible	T169	C0231204
28544492	547	550	Ve1	T028	C0017337
28544492	551	561	transcript	T114	C1519595
28544492	562	568	levels	T080	C0441889
28544492	574	585	upregulated	T044	C0041904
28544492	594	601	classes	T170	C0456387
28544492	614	623	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28544492	624	630	plants	T002	C0032098
28544492	640	646	stable	T080	C0205360
28544492	647	657	transgenic	T028	C0282641
28544492	658	668	expression	T045	C0017262
28544492	670	689	Expression analysis	T063	C1880945
28544492	693	696	Ve2	T028	C0017337
28544492	711	715	mRNA	T114,T123	C0035696
28544492	716	722	levels	T080	C0441889
28544492	728	735	similar	T080	C2348205
28544492	744	751	35S:Ve1	T002	C0032098
28544492	756	765	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28544492	766	774	tomatoes	T168	C0242772
28544492	795	798	Ve1	T028	C0017337
28544492	799	808	transgene	T028	C0282641
28544492	809	821	introduction	T169	C0579004
28544492	837	847	endogenous	T169	C0205227
28544492	848	851	Ve2	T028	C0017337
28544492	852	862	expression	T045	C0017262
28544492	877	884	results	T169	C1274040
28544492	893	898	study	T062	C2603343
28544492	911	926	functional role	T077	C1705810
28544492	930	941	Ve1 protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28544492	945	955	resistance	T040	C1136180
28544492	963	987	vascular fungal pathogen	T004	C0016832
28544492	988	1005	V. dahliae race 1	T004	C1001432
28544492	1007	1010	Vd1	T004	C1001432
28544492	1036	1045	undefined	T078	C0750600
28544492	1046	1052	factor	T169	C1521761
28544492	1053	1059	exerts	T040	C0015264
28544492	1063	1072	epistatic	T045	C0014589
28544492	1073	1082	influence	T077	C4054723
28544492	1090	1098	Ve1 gene	T028	C0017337

28544601|t|The impact of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features on the performance of the Afirma gene expression classifier
28544601|a|A recent revision in thyroid tumor nomenclature has resulted in a change from a malignant diagnosis (noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma) to one that is nonmalignant (noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features [NIFTP]). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of this change on the performance of the Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC). The authors retrospectively analyzed consecutive thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens with indeterminate diagnoses on which GEC was performed. Surgical pathology material was reviewed with the reclassification of nodules into NIFTP. GEC testing was performed on 384 fine-needle aspiration specimens diagnosed as atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) (304 cases) and suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (SFN) (80 cases) and yielded a suspicious result in 152 of the AUS cases (50%) and 50 of the SFN cases (63%). Thyroidectomy was performed on 177 patients. After reclassifying NIFTP, the positive predictive value of GEC decreased from 42% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 39%-45%) to 24% (95% CI, 22%-26%) in the AUS group and from 23% (95% CI, 19%-27%) to 13% (95% CI, 9%-18%) in the SFN group. Total thyroidectomy was performed more frequently than a partial thyroidectomy in patients with AUS with a suspicious GEC result compared with pre-GEC controls (68% vs 49%; P = .037). Reclassification of NIFTP significantly decreases the positive predictive value of GEC in indeterminate thyroid nodules. Nevertheless, the majority of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules with a suspicious GEC result in the study institution have undergone total thyroidectomy. This finding raises concerns over reliance on a suspicious GEC result by clinicians to justify total thyroidectomy. Cancer Cytopathol 2017. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
28544601	4	10	impact	T080	C4049986
28544601	14	90	noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features	T191	C4287590
28544601	98	109	performance	T052	C1882330
28544601	117	150	Afirma gene expression classifier	T062	C0242481
28544601	172	185	thyroid tumor	T191	C0040136
28544601	186	198	nomenclature	T170	C0600281
28544601	231	240	malignant	T080	C0205282
28544601	241	250	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28544601	252	313	noninvasive follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma	T191	C0238463
28544601	330	342	nonmalignant	T080	C1518371
28544601	344	420	noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features	T191	C4287590
28544601	422	427	NIFTP	T191	C4287590
28544601	460	465	study	T062	C2603343
28544601	486	492	impact	T080	C4049986
28544601	515	526	performance	T052	C1882330
28544601	534	567	Afirma gene expression classifier	T062	C0242481
28544601	569	572	GEC	T062	C0242481
28544601	587	611	retrospectively analyzed	T062	C0936012
28544601	624	654	thyroid fine-needle aspiration	T060	C0193787
28544601	655	664	specimens	T167	C0370003
28544601	684	693	diagnoses	T060	C0011911
28544601	703	706	GEC	T062	C0242481
28544601	722	749	Surgical pathology material	T167	C0520510
28544601	772	788	reclassification	T185	C0008902
28544601	792	799	nodules	T020	C0028259
28544601	805	810	NIFTP	T191	C4287590
28544601	812	815	GEC	T062	C0242481
28544601	845	867	fine-needle aspiration	T060	C0193787
28544601	868	877	specimens	T167	C0370003
28544601	878	887	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28544601	891	926	atypia of undetermined significance	T033	C0243095
28544601	928	931	AUS	T033	C0243095
28544601	938	943	cases	T169	C0868928
28544601	966	985	follicular neoplasm	T191	C0474808
28544601	987	990	SFN	T191	C0474808
28544601	996	1001	cases	T169	C0868928
28544601	1049	1052	AUS	T033	C0243095
28544601	1053	1058	cases	T169	C0868928
28544601	1079	1082	SFN	T191	C0474808
28544601	1083	1088	cases	T169	C0868928
28544601	1096	1109	Thyroidectomy	T061	C0040145
28544601	1131	1139	patients	T101	C0030705
28544601	1147	1160	reclassifying	T185	C0008902
28544601	1161	1166	NIFTP	T191	C4287590
28544601	1181	1197	predictive value	T080	C1514307
28544601	1201	1204	GEC	T062	C0242481
28544601	1205	1214	decreased	T081	C0205216
28544601	1229	1248	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28544601	1254	1256	CI	T081	C0009667
28544601	1280	1282	CI	T081	C0009667
28544601	1300	1303	AUS	T033	C0243095
28544601	1304	1309	group	T101	C0030705
28544601	1328	1330	CI	T081	C0009667
28544601	1353	1355	CI	T081	C0009667
28544601	1372	1375	SFN	T191	C0474808
28544601	1376	1381	group	T101	C0030705
28544601	1389	1402	thyroidectomy	T061	C0040145
28544601	1448	1461	thyroidectomy	T061	C0040145
28544601	1465	1473	patients	T101	C0030705
28544601	1479	1482	AUS	T033	C0243095
28544601	1501	1504	GEC	T062	C0242481
28544601	1526	1542	pre-GEC controls	T096	C0009932
28544601	1567	1583	Reclassification	T185	C0008902
28544601	1587	1592	NIFTP	T191	C4287590
28544601	1607	1616	decreases	T081	C0547047
28544601	1630	1646	predictive value	T080	C1514307
28544601	1650	1653	GEC	T062	C0242481
28544601	1671	1678	thyroid	T023	C0040132
28544601	1679	1686	nodules	T020	C0028259
28544601	1718	1726	patients	T101	C0030705
28544601	1746	1753	thyroid	T023	C0040132
28544601	1754	1761	nodules	T020	C0028259
28544601	1780	1783	GEC	T062	C0242481
28544601	1798	1803	study	T062	C2603343
28544601	1804	1815	institution	T093	C2607850
28544601	1837	1850	thyroidectomy	T061	C0040145
28544601	1872	1880	concerns	T078	C2699424
28544601	1911	1914	GEC	T062	C0242481
28544601	1925	1935	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28544601	1953	1966	thyroidectomy	T061	C0040145

28544860|t|Behavioral Processes in Long-Lag Intervention Studies
28544860|a|We argue that psychologists who conduct experiments with long lags between the manipulation and the outcome measure should pay more attention to behavioral processes that intervene between the manipulation and the outcome measure. Neglect of such processes, we contend, stems from psychology's long tradition of short-lag lab experiments where there is little scope for intervening behavioral processes. Studying process in the lab invariably involves studying psychological processes, but in long-lag field experiments it is important to study causally relevant behavioral processes as well as psychological ones. To illustrate the roles that behavioral processes can play in long-lag experiments we examine field experiments motivated by three policy -relevant goals: prejudice reduction, health promotion, and educational achievement. In each of the experiments discussed we identify various behavioral pathways through which the manipulated psychological state could have produced the observed outcome. We argue that if psychologists conducting long-lag interventions posited a theory of change that linked manipulated psychological states to outcomes via behavioral pathways, the result would be richer theory and more practically useful research. Movement in this direction would also permit more opportunities for productive collaborations between psychologists and other social scientists interested in similar social problems.
28544860	0	10	Behavioral	T053	C0004927
28544860	11	20	Processes	T067	C1522240
28544860	24	53	Long-Lag Intervention Studies	T170	C1096775
28544860	68	81	psychologists	T097	C0033908
28544860	94	105	experiments	T062	C0681814
28544860	133	145	manipulation	T053	C0018578
28544860	154	169	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
28544860	186	195	attention	T041	C0004268
28544860	199	209	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28544860	210	219	processes	T067	C1522240
28544860	225	234	intervene	T052	C0441655
28544860	247	259	manipulation	T053	C0018578
28544860	268	283	outcome measure	T081	C0086749
28544860	301	310	processes	T067	C1522240
28544860	335	347	psychology's	T091	C0033909
28544860	353	362	tradition	T054	C0683624
28544860	366	391	short-lag lab experiments	T062	C0681814
28544860	414	419	scope	T077	C1710028
28544860	424	435	intervening	T052	C0441655
28544860	436	446	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28544860	447	456	processes	T067	C1522240
28544860	458	474	Studying process	T067	C1522240
28544860	482	485	lab	T073,T093	C0022877
28544860	515	528	psychological	T169	C0205486
28544860	529	538	processes	T067	C1522240
28544860	547	573	long-lag field experiments	T062	C0868962
28544860	593	598	study	T062	C2603343
28544860	617	627	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28544860	628	637	processes	T067	C1522240
28544860	649	662	psychological	T169	C0205486
28544860	687	692	roles	T077	C1705810
28544860	698	708	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28544860	709	718	processes	T067	C1522240
28544860	731	751	long-lag experiments	T062	C0681814
28544860	763	780	field experiments	T062	C0868962
28544860	800	806	policy	T170	C0242456
28544860	817	822	goals	T170	C0018017
28544860	824	833	prejudice	T055	C0033023
28544860	834	843	reduction	T061	C0441610
28544860	845	861	health promotion	T058	C0018738
28544860	867	890	educational achievement	T033	C0013658
28544860	907	918	experiments	T062	C0681814
28544860	949	959	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28544860	960	968	pathways	T077	C1705987
28544860	999	1012	psychological	T169	C0205486
28544860	1013	1018	state	T033	C0278060
28544860	1043	1051	observed	T169	C1441672
28544860	1052	1059	outcome	T169	C1274040
28544860	1078	1091	psychologists	T097	C0033908
28544860	1103	1125	long-lag interventions	T061	C0184661
28544860	1136	1152	theory of change	UnknownType	C0814655
28544860	1177	1190	psychological	T169	C0205486
28544860	1201	1209	outcomes	T169	C1274040
28544860	1214	1224	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28544860	1225	1233	pathways	T077	C1705987
28544860	1239	1245	result	T169	C1274040
28544860	1262	1268	theory	T078	C0871935
28544860	1297	1305	research	T062	C0035168
28544860	1324	1333	direction	T082	C0449738
28544860	1357	1370	opportunities	T062	C0683937
28544860	1386	1400	collaborations	T054	C0282116
28544860	1409	1422	psychologists	T097	C0033908
28544860	1433	1450	social scientists	T097	C4054009
28544860	1465	1472	similar	T080	C2348205
28544860	1473	1488	social problems	T033	C0037431

28545139|t|An example of host plant expansion of host - specialized Aphis gossypii Glover in the field
28545139|a|The host plant expansion of host - specialized Aphis gossypii (Glover) has been well studied in the laboratory; however, this phenomenon is poorly understood in the field. Here, we provide a series of laboratory and field experiments to assess the role of zucchini in the host plant expansion of cotton - specialized aphids. We observed that cotton - specialized aphids possessed the ability to expand on a new host plant (cucumber), with individuals first recorded on June 12 and consequently increasing exponentially in number in a field cage. A bioassay experiment showed that aphids from both cotton and cucumber preferred their natal host, but clones from zucchini have a stronger preference for cucumber than cotton or zucchini. A total of 1512 individuals were collected from a cotton field (mixed cotton and cucurbit plot), cotton farmland (cotton alone) and a field cage and sequenced to identify their biotypes. The results for apterous individuals from the cotton field showed that more cucurbit - specialized biotypes occurred on cucumber and more cotton - specialized biotypes occurred on cotton and zucchini. A majority (> 97.0%) of aphids from both the field cage and cotton farmland were cotton - specialized individuals. Consequently, eliminating intermediate host plants may be an effective measure to suppress A. gossypii outbreaks, because cotton and cucumber are often grown together in fields and greenhouses.
28545139	3	10	example	T077	C1707959
28545139	14	18	host	T001	C1167395
28545139	19	24	plant	T002	C0032098
28545139	25	34	expansion	T043	C0007595
28545139	38	42	host	T001	C1167395
28545139	45	56	specialized	T077	C1704211
28545139	57	78	Aphis gossypii Glover	T204	C1034430
28545139	86	91	field	T082	C0562975
28545139	96	100	host	T001	C1167395
28545139	101	106	plant	T002	C0032098
28545139	107	116	expansion	T043	C0007595
28545139	120	124	host	T001	C1167395
28545139	127	138	specialized	T077	C1704211
28545139	139	153	Aphis gossypii	T204	C1034430
28545139	155	161	Glover	T204	C1034430
28545139	177	184	studied	T062	C2603343
28545139	192	202	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28545139	218	228	phenomenon	T067	C1882365
28545139	239	249	understood	T041	C0162340
28545139	257	262	field	T082	C0562975
28545139	273	280	provide	T052	C1999230
28545139	283	289	series	T081	C0205549
28545139	293	303	laboratory	T073,T093	C0022877
28545139	308	325	field experiments	T062	C0868962
28545139	329	335	assess	T058	C0184514
28545139	340	344	role	T170	C3871154
28545139	348	356	zucchini	T168	C0453125
28545139	364	368	host	T001	C1167395
28545139	369	374	plant	T002	C0032098
28545139	375	384	expansion	T043	C0007595
28545139	388	394	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	397	408	specialized	T077	C1704211
28545139	409	415	aphids	T204	C0003562
28545139	420	428	observed	T169	C1441672
28545139	434	440	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	443	454	specialized	T077	C1704211
28545139	455	461	aphids	T204	C0003562
28545139	462	471	possessed	T078	C3154893
28545139	476	483	ability	T032	C0085732
28545139	487	493	expand	T082	C0205229
28545139	503	507	host	T001	C1167395
28545139	508	513	plant	T002	C0032098
28545139	515	523	cucumber	T002	C0936045
28545139	531	542	individuals	T204	C0684063
28545139	561	565	June	T079	C3829443
28545139	573	585	consequently	T033	C3845876
28545139	586	596	increasing	T081	C0205217
28545139	597	610	exponentially	T081	C0392762
28545139	626	636	field cage	T082	C1254362
28545139	640	648	bioassay	T059	C0005507
28545139	649	659	experiment	T062	C0681814
28545139	672	678	aphids	T204	C0003562
28545139	689	695	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	700	708	cucumber	T002	C0936045
28545139	709	718	preferred	T078	C0558295
28545139	725	730	natal	T083	C0454729
28545139	731	735	host	T001	C1167395
28545139	741	747	clones	T024	C1522642
28545139	753	761	zucchini	T168	C0453125
28545139	769	777	stronger	T080	C0442821
28545139	778	788	preference	T078	C0558295
28545139	793	801	cucumber	T002	C0936045
28545139	807	813	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	817	825	zucchini	T168	C0453125
28545139	843	854	individuals	T204	C0684063
28545139	860	869	collected	T078	C1516695
28545139	877	883	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	884	889	field	T082	C0562975
28545139	891	896	mixed	T169	C0205430
28545139	897	903	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	908	916	cucurbit	T002	C0032098
28545139	917	921	plot	T082	C1254362
28545139	924	930	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	931	939	farmland	T073	C0442610
28545139	941	947	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	961	971	field cage	T082	C1254362
28545139	976	985	sequenced	T059	C1294197
28545139	1004	1012	biotypes	T170	C0449562
28545139	1018	1025	results	T034	C0456984
28545139	1030	1038	apterous	T204	C0684063
28545139	1039	1050	individuals	T204	C0684063
28545139	1060	1066	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	1067	1072	field	T082	C0562975
28545139	1090	1098	cucurbit	T002	C0032098
28545139	1101	1112	specialized	T077	C1704211
28545139	1113	1121	biotypes	T170	C0449562
28545139	1122	1130	occurred	T052	C1709305
28545139	1134	1142	cucumber	T002	C0936045
28545139	1152	1158	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	1161	1172	specialized	T077	C1704211
28545139	1173	1181	biotypes	T170	C0449562
28545139	1182	1190	occurred	T052	C1709305
28545139	1194	1200	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	1205	1213	zucchini	T168	C0453125
28545139	1239	1245	aphids	T204	C0003562
28545139	1260	1270	field cage	T082	C1254362
28545139	1275	1281	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	1282	1290	farmland	T073	C0442610
28545139	1296	1302	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	1305	1316	specialized	T077	C1704211
28545139	1317	1328	individuals	T204	C0684063
28545139	1330	1342	Consequently	T033	C3845876
28545139	1344	1355	eliminating	T169	C0205245
28545139	1369	1373	host	T001	C1167395
28545139	1374	1380	plants	T002	C0032098
28545139	1391	1400	effective	T080	C1704419
28545139	1401	1408	measure	T081	C0079809
28545139	1412	1420	suppress	T169	C1260953
28545139	1421	1432	A. gossypii	T204	C1034430
28545139	1433	1442	outbreaks	T169	C0220888
28545139	1452	1458	cotton	T002	C0010196
28545139	1463	1471	cucumber	T002	C0936045
28545139	1488	1496	together	T080	C1883357
28545139	1500	1506	fields	T082	C0562975
28545139	1511	1522	greenhouses	T073	C0556992

28545217|t|A miniature bird -borne passive air sampler for monitoring halogenated flame retardants
28545217|a|Birds have been used intensively as biomonitors of halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), and several studies have reported elevated tissue concentrations and inter- individual variability for these contaminants. While diet is known to be an important exposure pathway for HFRs in birds, it has been suggested that exposure through air may represent an underestimated source of HFRs for certain species. However, a method was not available for measuring the atmospheric exposure of individual birds to HFRs or other semi-volatile contaminants. The goal of this study was to develop a bird -borne passive air sampler (PAS) enabling the determination of individual atmospheric exposure to gas - and particle-phase HFRs using the ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis) nesting in the Montreal area (QC, Canada). The new miniaturized elliptical-shaped PAS (mean weight: 2.72g) was tested using two sorbent types during three exposure periods (one, two and three weeks). Results showed that PAS using polyurethane foam (PUF) combined with a glass fiber filter collected all major polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and exhibited better performance for collecting highly hydrophobic DecaBDE mixture congeners compared to the PAS using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Emerging HFRs including hexabromobenzene, Dechlorane 604 Component B, and Dechlorane plus (DP) isomers also were sampled by the PUF -based PAS. Sampling rates for most HFRs were comparable between the three exposure periods. This novel bird -borne PAS provides valuable information on the non-dietary exposure of free-ranging birds to HFRs.
28545217	12	16	bird	T012	C0005595
28545217	24	43	passive air sampler	T074	C0178984
28545217	48	58	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28545217	59	87	halogenated flame retardants	T120	C0016198
28545217	88	93	Birds	T012	C0005595
28545217	124	135	biomonitors	T074	C0025080
28545217	139	167	halogenated flame retardants	T120	C0016198
28545217	169	173	HFRs	T120	C0016198
28545217	188	195	studies	T062	C2603343
28545217	219	225	tissue	T024	C0040300
28545217	226	240	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28545217	252	262	individual	T098	C0237401
28545217	263	274	variability	T077	C2827666
28545217	285	297	contaminants	T167	C2827365
28545217	305	309	diet	T168	C0012155
28545217	338	346	exposure	T080	C0332157
28545217	347	354	pathway	T077	C1705987
28545217	359	363	HFRs	T120	C0016198
28545217	367	372	birds	T012	C0005595
28545217	386	395	suggested	T078	C1705535
28545217	401	409	exposure	T080	C0332157
28545217	418	421	air	T167	C0001861
28545217	426	435	represent	T052	C1882932
28545217	454	460	source	T033	C0449416
28545217	464	468	HFRs	T120	C0016198
28545217	481	488	species	T185	C1705920
28545217	501	507	method	T170	C0025663
28545217	512	525	not available	T080	C0686905
28545217	530	539	measuring	T080	C0444706
28545217	544	555	atmospheric	T070	C0004178
28545217	556	564	exposure	T080	C0332157
28545217	568	578	individual	T098	C0237401
28545217	579	584	birds	T012	C0005595
28545217	588	592	HFRs	T120	C0016198
28545217	602	615	semi-volatile	T080	C1963547
28545217	616	628	contaminants	T167	C2827365
28545217	634	638	goal	T170	C0018017
28545217	647	652	study	T062	C2603343
28545217	670	674	bird	T012	C0005595
28545217	682	701	passive air sampler	T074	C0178984
28545217	703	706	PAS	T074	C0178984
28545217	721	734	determination	T059	C1148554
28545217	738	748	individual	T098	C0237401
28545217	749	760	atmospheric	T070	C0004178
28545217	761	769	exposure	T080	C0332157
28545217	773	776	gas	T104	C0017110
28545217	783	797	particle-phase	T104	C0597177
28545217	798	802	HFRs	T120	C0016198
28545217	813	829	ring-billed gull	T012	C1061035
28545217	831	849	Larus delawarensis	T012	C1061035
28545217	851	858	nesting	T053	C0870949
28545217	866	879	Montreal area	UnknownType	C0681784
28545217	881	883	QC	T083	C0034390
28545217	885	891	Canada	T083	C0006823
28545217	915	932	elliptical-shaped	T082	C1947977
28545217	933	936	PAS	T074	C0178984
28545217	938	949	mean weight	T081	C0043100
28545217	962	968	tested	T169	C0039593
28545217	975	992	two sorbent types	T059	C0022885
28545217	1006	1022	exposure periods	T079	C2826764
28545217	1051	1058	Results	T169	C1274040
28545217	1071	1074	PAS	T074	C0178984
28545217	1081	1098	polyurethane foam	T109	C0071696
28545217	1100	1103	PUF	T109	C0071696
28545217	1121	1132	glass fiber	T122,T131	C0060317
28545217	1133	1149	filter collected	UnknownType	C0545227
28545217	1160	1190	polybrominated diphenyl ethers	T109,T131	C2350562
28545217	1192	1197	PBDEs	T109,T131	C2350562
28545217	1213	1231	better performance	T052	C1882330
28545217	1236	1246	collecting	T169	C1516698
28545217	1247	1265	highly hydrophobic	T080	C0598629
28545217	1266	1273	DecaBDE	T109,T131	C2350562
28545217	1274	1281	mixture	T167	C0439962
28545217	1282	1291	congeners	T104	C0678518
28545217	1292	1303	compared to	T052	C1707455
28545217	1308	1311	PAS	T074	C0178984
28545217	1318	1338	polydimethylsiloxane	T109,T122	C0137758
28545217	1340	1344	PDMS	T109,T122	C0137758
28545217	1356	1360	HFRs	T120	C0016198
28545217	1371	1387	hexabromobenzene	T109	C0062598
28545217	1389	1415	Dechlorane 604 Component B	T109	C3180256
28545217	1421	1436	Dechlorane plus	T109	C2351195
28545217	1438	1440	DP	T109	C2351195
28545217	1442	1449	isomers	T070	C0022203
28545217	1460	1467	sampled	T060	C0441621
28545217	1475	1478	PUF	T109	C0071696
28545217	1486	1489	PAS	T074	C0178984
28545217	1491	1499	Sampling	T060	C0441621
28545217	1500	1505	rates	T081	C1521828
28545217	1515	1519	HFRs	T120	C0016198
28545217	1525	1535	comparable	T052	C1707455
28545217	1554	1570	exposure periods	T079	C2826764
28545217	1583	1587	bird	T012	C0005595
28545217	1595	1598	PAS	T074	C0178984
28545217	1608	1628	valuable information	T078	C1533716
28545217	1636	1656	non-dietary exposure	T080	C0332157
28545217	1660	1672	free-ranging	T033	C3845292
28545217	1673	1678	birds	T012	C0005595
28545217	1682	1686	HFRs	T120	C0016198

28545358|t|Molecular Imaging of Tumor Angiogenesis and Therapeutic Effects with Dual Bioluminescence
28545358|a|Angiogenesis is critical for the growth of tumor by supplying nutrients and oxygen that exacerbates the metastasis and progression of cancer. Noninvasive imaging of angiogenesis during the tumor therapeutic processes may provide novel opportunities for image-guided tumor management. Here, we want to develop a mouse animal model for assessing cancer progression and angiogenesis in the same individuals by molecular imaging. Breast cancer model was developed with mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1 carrying a reporter system encoding a triple fusion (TF) reporter gene consisting of renilla luciferase (Rluc), red fluorescent protein (RFP) and herpes simplex virus truncated thymidine kinase (HSV-ttk) in transgenic mice, which expressed firefly luciferase (Fluc) under the promoter of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (Vegfr2-luc). The mice were subsequently treated with ganciclovir (GCV) and the tumor angiogenesis was tracked by Fluc imaging and the growth status of tumor was monitored by imaging of Rluc simultaneously. Overall, this traceable breast cancer model can simultaneously image the tumor growth and angiogenesis in single individual, which may facilitate a better understanding the mechanisms of angiogenesis in the progression and regression of tumor.
28545358	0	17	Molecular Imaging	T060	C1537028
28545358	21	39	Tumor Angiogenesis	T191	C1519670
28545358	44	63	Therapeutic Effects	T201	C1527144
28545358	69	89	Dual Bioluminescence	T038	C0162404
28545358	90	102	Angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28545358	106	114	critical	T080	C1511545
28545358	123	129	growth	T040	C0018270
28545358	133	138	tumor	T191	C0027651
28545358	142	151	supplying	T169	C1561604
28545358	152	161	nutrients	T168	C0678695
28545358	166	172	oxygen	T121,T123,T196	C0030054
28545358	178	189	exacerbates	T033	C0436331
28545358	194	204	metastasis	T046	C4255448
28545358	209	220	progression	T169	C0449258
28545358	224	230	cancer	T191	C0006826
28545358	232	243	Noninvasive	T185	C2986496
28545358	244	251	imaging	T060	C0011923
28545358	255	267	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28545358	279	284	tumor	T191	C0027651
28545358	285	306	therapeutic processes	T061	C0935606
28545358	319	324	novel	T080	C0205314
28545358	325	338	opportunities	T062	C0683937
28545358	343	355	image-guided	T061	C1171347
28545358	356	361	tumor	T191	C0027651
28545358	362	372	management	T058	C0376636
28545358	401	419	mouse animal model	T050	C2986594
28545358	424	433	assessing	T058	C0184514
28545358	434	440	cancer	T191	C0006826
28545358	441	452	progression	T046	C0242656
28545358	457	469	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28545358	482	493	individuals	T098	C0237401
28545358	497	514	molecular imaging	T060	C1537028
28545358	516	535	Breast cancer model	T050	C1511291
28545358	555	560	mouse	T015	C0025929
28545358	561	574	breast cancer	T191	C0678222
28545358	575	584	cell line	T025	C0085983
28545358	585	588	4T1	T025	C0007634
28545358	600	615	reporter system	T077	C1705915
28545358	616	624	encoding	T052	C2700640
28545358	627	659	triple fusion (TF) reporter gene	T028	C1533585
28545358	674	692	renilla luciferase	T116,T126,T130	C1450145
28545358	694	698	Rluc	T116,T126,T130	C1450145
28545358	701	724	red fluorescent protein	T116	C0960938
28545358	726	729	RFP	T116	C0960938
28545358	735	755	herpes simplex virus	T005	C0319232
28545358	756	782	truncated thymidine kinase	T116,T126	C0040078
28545358	784	791	HSV-ttk	T116,T126	C0040078
28545358	796	811	transgenic mice	T015	C0025936
28545358	829	847	firefly luciferase	T116,T126	C0311727
28545358	849	853	Fluc	T116,T126	C0311727
28545358	865	873	promoter	T114,T123	C0086860
28545358	877	922	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	T116,T192	C0378796
28545358	924	934	Vegfr2-luc	T116,T192	C0378796
28545358	941	945	mice	T015	C0025929
28545358	964	971	treated	T169	C1522326
28545358	977	988	ganciclovir	T114,T121	C0017066
28545358	990	993	GCV	T114,T121	C0017066
28545358	1003	1021	tumor angiogenesis	T191	C1519670
28545358	1037	1041	Fluc	T116,T126	C0311727
28545358	1042	1049	imaging	T060	C0011923
28545358	1058	1064	growth	T040	C0018270
28545358	1065	1071	status	T080	C0449438
28545358	1075	1080	tumor	T191	C0027651
28545358	1098	1105	imaging	T060	C0011923
28545358	1109	1113	Rluc	T116,T126,T130	C1450145
28545358	1154	1173	breast cancer model	T050	C1511291
28545358	1193	1198	image	T170	C1704922
28545358	1203	1215	tumor growth	T191	C0598934
28545358	1220	1232	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28545358	1243	1253	individual	T098	C0237401
28545358	1285	1298	understanding	T041	C0162340
28545358	1303	1313	mechanisms	T169	C0441712
28545358	1317	1329	angiogenesis	T042	C0302600
28545358	1337	1348	progression	T046	C0242656
28545358	1353	1363	regression	T046	C0684320
28545358	1367	1372	tumor	T191	C0027651

28545365|t|Role of infrared spectroscopy and imaging in cancer diagnosis
28545365|a|FTIR imaging has been used to diagnose and differentiate the molecular differences between normal and diseased tissues. The differences correspond to the distribution and structure of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids as well as other metabolites. These differences depended on the type and the grade of cancer. The sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs on individual specific was also discussed. Here, we emphasize that FTIR spectroscopy and imaging can be considered as a promising technique and will find its place on the detection of this dreadful disease because of high sensitivity, accuracy and inexpensive technique. Now the medical community started using and accepting this technique for early stage cancer detection. But, this technique endures several challenges on its application into the diagnosis of cancer in regards of sample preparations, data interpretation, and data analysis. In general, more research is needed in this field and it is necessary to understand the morphology and biology of the sample before using the spectroscopy and imaging because invaluable information to be figured out.
28545365	8	29	infrared spectroscopy	T059	C0260249
28545365	34	41	imaging	T060	C0079595
28545365	45	51	cancer	T191	C0006826
28545365	52	61	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28545365	62	66	FTIR	T062	C0206055
28545365	67	74	imaging	T060	C0079595
28545365	92	100	diagnose	T033	C0011900
28545365	105	118	differentiate	T080	C0205615
28545365	123	132	molecular	T080	C1521991
28545365	133	144	differences	T080	C1705242
28545365	153	159	normal	T024	C0040300
28545365	164	172	diseased	T047	C0012634
28545365	173	180	tissues	T024	C0040300
28545365	186	197	differences	T080	C1705242
28545365	216	228	distribution	T169	C1704711
28545365	233	242	structure	T082	C0678594
28545365	246	252	lipids	T109	C0023779
28545365	254	262	proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28545365	264	277	nucleic acids	T114,T123	C0028606
28545365	295	306	metabolites	T123	C0870883
28545365	314	325	differences	T080	C1705242
28545365	342	346	type	T033	C0872066
28545365	364	370	cancer	T191	C0006826
28545365	376	387	sensitivity	T169	C0332324
28545365	391	403	chemotherapy	T061	C3665472
28545365	404	409	drugs	T121	C1254351
28545365	413	423	individual	T098	C0237401
28545365	477	494	FTIR spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
28545365	499	506	imaging	T060	C0079595
28545365	540	549	technique	T169	C0449851
28545365	581	590	detection	T061	C1511790
28545365	599	615	dreadful disease	T047	C0012634
28545365	627	643	high sensitivity	T059	C1441604
28545365	645	653	accuracy	T080	C4035952
28545365	670	679	technique	T169	C0449851
28545365	689	706	medical community	T073,T093	C1562642
28545365	740	749	technique	T169	C0449851
28545365	754	765	early stage	T079	C2363430
28545365	766	772	cancer	T191	C0006826
28545365	773	782	detection	T061	C1511790
28545365	794	803	technique	T169	C0449851
28545365	820	830	challenges	T058	C0805586
28545365	859	868	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28545365	872	878	cancer	T191	C0006826
28545365	893	912	sample preparations	T059	C3824791
28545365	914	933	data interpretation	T058	C0262707
28545365	939	952	data analysis	T057	C0010992
28545365	971	979	research	T062	C0035168
28545365	1042	1052	morphology	T080	C0332437
28545365	1057	1064	biology	T091	C0005532
28545365	1096	1108	spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
28545365	1113	1120	imaging	T060	C0079595
28545365	1129	1139	invaluable	T080	C1511545
28545365	1140	1151	information	T078	C1533716

28545416|t|The role of Indonesian patients' health behaviors in delaying the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
28545416|a|With an estimated 13,000 newly diagnosed patients per year, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common types of cancer in males in Indonesia. Moreover, most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease. This study aimed to explore the health behaviors of patients diagnosed with NPC and the possible causes of patient delay in NPC diagnosis. A qualitative research method was used to gain better insight into patient behaviors. Twelve patients were interviewed using semi-structured interview guidelines. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed according to a standard content analysis framework. Most patients had limited knowledge regarding NPC and its causes. Fifty percent of the patients had a delay of six months from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis. The main reason for this delay was the lack of awareness among the patients, which was influenced by their environment, economic status, family, culture, and religion. The perceived barriers to seeking medical help included direct non- medical costs not covered by health insurance, complex and time-consuming insurance and referral systems, and negative experiences in the past. Health insurance did motivate people to seek medical help. This study provides additional insight into patients ' motivations to delay seeking medical help and can facilitate the design of NPC education programs. To improve awareness of the abovementioned causes for delay, community -based education programs are highly warranted and should focus on the recognition of NPC symptoms and possible solutions to overcome the main barriers at an earlier disease stage.
28545416	12	22	Indonesian	T098	C0337900
28545416	23	32	patients'	T101	C0030705
28545416	33	49	health behaviors	T055	C0018687
28545416	66	75	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28545416	79	103	nasopharyngeal carcinoma	T191	C2931822
28545416	129	144	newly diagnosed	T080	C1518321
28545416	145	153	patients	T101	C0030705
28545416	164	188	nasopharyngeal carcinoma	T191	C2931822
28545416	190	193	NPC	T191	C2931822
28545416	230	236	cancer	T191	C0006826
28545416	240	245	males	T032	C0086582
28545416	249	258	Indonesia	T083	C0021247
28545416	275	283	patients	T101	C0030705
28545416	288	297	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28545416	304	318	advanced stage	T201	C1300072
28545416	326	333	disease	T047	C0012634
28545416	340	345	study	T062	C2603343
28545416	346	351	aimed	T078	C1947946
28545416	367	383	health behaviors	T055	C0018687
28545416	387	395	patients	T101	C0030705
28545416	396	405	diagnosed	T033	C0011900
28545416	411	414	NPC	T191	C2931822
28545416	432	438	causes	T169	C1314792
28545416	442	449	patient	T101	C0030705
28545416	459	462	NPC	T191	C2931822
28545416	463	472	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28545416	476	503	qualitative research method	T062	C0681940
28545416	528	535	insight	T041	C0233820
28545416	541	548	patient	T101	C0030705
28545416	549	558	behaviors	T053	C0004927
28545416	567	575	patients	T101	C0030705
28545416	581	592	interviewed	T052	C0021822
28545416	615	624	interview	T052	C0021822
28545416	625	635	guidelines	T170	C0162791
28545416	641	651	interviews	T052	C0021822
28545416	657	665	recorded	T170	C0034869
28545416	679	687	verbatim	T080	C1710631
28545416	692	700	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28545416	733	741	analysis	T062	C0936012
28545416	758	766	patients	T101	C0030705
28545416	799	802	NPC	T191	C2931822
28545416	811	817	causes	T169	C1314792
28545416	840	848	patients	T101	C0030705
28545416	868	874	months	T079	C0439231
28545416	893	901	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28545416	905	914	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28545416	983	991	patients	T101	C0030705
28545416	1003	1013	influenced	T077	C4054723
28545416	1023	1034	environment	T082	C0014406
28545416	1036	1051	economic status	T102	C0337781
28545416	1053	1059	family	T099	C0015576
28545416	1061	1068	culture	T078	C0010453
28545416	1074	1082	religion	T078	C0035039
28545416	1088	1106	perceived barriers	T033	C4063003
28545416	1118	1130	medical help	T058	C0199168
28545416	1152	1159	medical	T169	C0205476
28545416	1160	1165	costs	T081	C0085552
28545416	1181	1197	health insurance	T058	C0021682
28545416	1199	1206	complex	T080	C0439855
28545416	1211	1225	time-consuming	T080	C3827829
28545416	1226	1235	insurance	T078	C0021672
28545416	1240	1248	referral	T058	C0019982
28545416	1249	1256	systems	T169	C0449913
28545416	1262	1270	negative	T033	C0205160
28545416	1271	1282	experiences	T067	C0023672
28545416	1296	1312	Health insurance	T058	C0021682
28545416	1326	1332	people	T098	C0027361
28545416	1341	1353	medical help	T058	C0199168
28545416	1360	1365	study	T062	C2603343
28545416	1386	1393	insight	T041	C0233820
28545416	1399	1407	patients	T101	C0030705
28545416	1439	1451	medical help	T058	C0199168
28545416	1485	1488	NPC	T191	C2931822
28545416	1489	1507	education programs	T065	C0150562
28545416	1552	1558	causes	T169	C1314792
28545416	1570	1579	community	T096	C0009462
28545416	1587	1605	education programs	T065	C0150562
28545416	1666	1669	NPC	T191	C2931822
28545416	1670	1678	symptoms	T184	C1457887
28545416	1723	1731	barriers	T080	C0679881
28545416	1746	1753	disease	T047	C0012634

28545437|t|Post endodontic pain following single-visit root canal preparation with rotary vs reciprocating instruments: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
28545437|a|In endodontic therapy, continuous rotary instrumentation reduced debris compared to reciprocal instrumentation, which might affect the incidence of post-endodontic pain (PP). The aim of our study was to assess whether PP incidence and levels were influenced by the choice of rotary or reciprocal instruments. In this meta-analysis the Pubmed and EM databases were searched for prospective clinical randomized trials published before April 20, 2016, using combinations of the keywords: root canal preparation / instrumentation / treatment / therapy; post-operative / endodontic pain; reciprocal and rotary instruments. Three studies were included, involving a total of 1,317 patients, 659 treated with reciprocating instruments and 658 treated with rotary instruments. PP was reported in 139 patients in the reciprocating group and 172 in the rotary group. The PP incidence odds ratio was 1.27 with 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.25, 6.52) favoring rotary instruments. The mild, moderate and severe PP levels odds ratios were 0.31 (0.11, 0.84), 2.24 (0.66, 7.59) and 11.71 (0.63, 218.15), respectively. No evidence of publication bias was found. Rotary instrument choice in endodontic therapy is associated with a lower incidence of PP than reciprocating instruments, while reciprocating instruments are associated with less mild PP incidence.
28545437	0	4	Post	T079	C0032790
28545437	5	20	endodontic pain	T184	C0030193
28545437	44	66	root canal preparation	T061	C0282543
28545437	72	78	rotary	T074	C0011377
28545437	82	107	reciprocating instruments	T074	C0011377
28545437	111	124	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28545437	128	154	randomized clinical trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28545437	158	176	endodontic therapy	T061	C0035849
28545437	189	211	rotary instrumentation	UnknownType	C0587378
28545437	220	226	debris	T167	C0440266
28545437	239	265	reciprocal instrumentation	UnknownType	C0587378
28545437	290	299	incidence	T081	C0021149
28545437	303	323	post-endodontic pain	T184	C0030193
28545437	325	327	PP	T184	C0030193
28545437	345	350	study	T062	C2603343
28545437	373	375	PP	T184	C0030193
28545437	376	385	incidence	T081	C0021149
28545437	430	436	rotary	T074	C0011377
28545437	440	462	reciprocal instruments	T074	C0011377
28545437	472	485	meta-analysis	T062	C0920317
28545437	490	496	Pubmed	T170	C1138432
28545437	501	513	EM databases	T170	C0242356
28545437	544	570	clinical randomized trials	T062,T170	C0206034
28545437	640	662	root canal preparation	T061	C0282543
28545437	665	680	instrumentation	UnknownType	C0587378
28545437	683	692	treatment	T061	C0087111
28545437	695	702	therapy	T061	C0087111
28545437	704	718	post-operative	T079	C0032790
28545437	721	736	endodontic pain	T184	C0030193
28545437	738	748	reciprocal	T074	C0011377
28545437	753	771	rotary instruments	T074	C0011377
28545437	779	786	studies	T062	C2603343
28545437	829	837	patients	T101	C0030705
28545437	856	881	reciprocating instruments	T074	C0011377
28545437	903	921	rotary instruments	T074	C0011377
28545437	923	925	PP	T184	C0030193
28545437	946	954	patients	T101	C0030705
28545437	962	981	reciprocating group	T098	C1257890
28545437	997	1009	rotary group	T098	C1257890
28545437	1015	1017	PP	T184	C0030193
28545437	1018	1027	incidence	T081	C0021149
28545437	1057	1076	confidence interval	T081	C0009667
28545437	1078	1080	CI	T081	C0009667
28545437	1104	1122	rotary instruments	T074	C0011377
28545437	1128	1132	mild	T080	C2945599
28545437	1134	1142	moderate	T080	C0205081
28545437	1147	1153	severe	T080	C0205082
28545437	1154	1156	PP	T184	C0030193
28545437	1301	1318	Rotary instrument	T074	C0011377
28545437	1329	1347	endodontic therapy	T061	C0035849
28545437	1351	1366	associated with	T080	C0332281
28545437	1375	1384	incidence	T081	C0021149
28545437	1388	1390	PP	T184	C0030193
28545437	1396	1421	reciprocating instruments	T074	C0011377
28545437	1429	1454	reciprocating instruments	T074	C0011377
28545437	1459	1474	associated with	T080	C0332281
28545437	1485	1487	PP	T184	C0030193
28545437	1488	1497	incidence	T081	C0021149

28546318|t|An environment - dependent transcriptional network specifies human microglia identity
28546318|a|Microglia play essential roles in central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and influence diverse aspects of neuronal function. However, the transcriptional mechanisms that specify human microglia phenotypes are largely unknown. We examined the transcriptomes and epigenetic landscapes of human microglia isolated from surgically resected brain tissue ex vivo and following transition to an in vitro environment. Transfer to a tissue culture environment results in rapid and extensive downregulation of microglia -specific genes that are induced in primitive mouse macrophages following migration into the fetal brain. Substantial subsets of these genes exhibit altered expression in neurodegenerative and behavioral diseases and are associated with non-coding risk variants. These findings reveal an environment -dependent transcriptional network specifying microglia -specific programs of gene expression and facilitate efforts to understand the roles of microglia in human disease.
28546318	3	14	environment	T082	C0014406
28546318	17	26	dependent	T080	C0851827
28546318	27	42	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28546318	43	50	network	T169	C1882071
28546318	61	66	human	T016	C0086418
28546318	67	76	microglia	T025	C0206116
28546318	77	85	identity	T033	C1264691
28546318	86	95	Microglia	T025	C0206116
28546318	120	142	central nervous system	T022	C1269563
28546318	144	147	CNS	T022	C1269563
28546318	149	160	homeostasis	T038	C0019868
28546318	175	190	diverse aspects	T080	C1880371
28546318	194	202	neuronal	T129	C0521390
28546318	203	211	function	T169	C0542341
28546318	226	252	transcriptional mechanisms	T045	C0040649
28546318	266	271	human	T016	C0086418
28546318	272	281	microglia	T025	C0206116
28546318	282	292	phenotypes	T032	C0031437
28546318	330	344	transcriptomes	T086	C3178810
28546318	349	370	epigenetic landscapes	T078	C0178566
28546318	374	379	human	T016	C0086418
28546318	380	389	microglia	T025	C0206116
28546318	404	414	surgically	T061	C0543467
28546318	424	436	brain tissue	T023	C0459385
28546318	437	444	ex vivo	T169	C2348480
28546318	459	469	transition	T052	C2700061
28546318	485	496	environment	T082	C0014406
28546318	512	526	tissue culture	T059	C0040284
28546318	527	538	environment	T082	C0014406
28546318	570	584	downregulation	T044	C0013081
28546318	588	597	microglia	T025	C0206116
28546318	608	613	genes	T028	C0017337
28546318	623	630	induced	T169	C0205263
28546318	644	649	mouse	T015	C0026809
28546318	650	661	macrophages	T025	C0024432
28546318	691	702	fetal brain	T018	C0440731
28546318	733	738	genes	T028	C0017337
28546318	755	765	expression	T045	C0017262
28546318	769	786	neurodegenerative	T047	C0524851
28546318	791	801	behavioral	T053	C0004927
28546318	802	810	diseases	T047	C0012634
28546318	835	845	non-coding	T114,T123	C0021920
28546318	846	850	risk	T078	C0035647
28546318	851	859	variants	T080	C0205419
28546318	867	875	findings	T033	C0243095
28546318	886	897	environment	T082	C0014406
28546318	909	924	transcriptional	T045	C0040649
28546318	925	932	network	T169	C1882071
28546318	944	953	microglia	T025	C0206116
28546318	964	972	programs	T169	C3484370
28546318	976	991	gene expression	T045	C0017262
28546318	1042	1051	microglia	T025	C0206116
28546318	1055	1060	human	T016	C0086418
28546318	1061	1068	disease	T047	C0012634

28546554|t|High throughput resistance profiling of Plasmodium falciparum infections based on custom dual indexing and Illumina next generation sequencing-technology
28546554|a|Genetic polymorphisms in P. falciparum can be used to indicate the parasite's susceptibility to antimalarial drugs as well as its geographical origin. Both of these factors are key to monitoring development and spread of antimalarial drug resistance. In this study, we combine multiplex PCR, custom designed dual indexing and Miseq sequencing for high throughput SNP - profiling of 457 malaria infections from Guinea-Bissau, at the cost of 10 USD per sample. By amplifying and sequencing 15 genetic fragments, we cover 20 resistance -conferring SNPs occurring in pfcrt, pfmdr1, pfdhfr, pfdhps, as well as the entire length of pfK13, and the mitochondrial barcode for parasite origin. SNPs of interest were sequenced with an average depth of 2,043 reads, and bases were called for the various SNP - positions with a p-value below 0.05, for 89.8-100% of samples. The SNP data indicates that artemisinin resistance -conferring SNPs in pfK13 are absent from the studied area of Guinea-Bissau, while the pfmdr1 86 N allele is found at a high prevalence. The mitochondrial barcodes are unanimous and accommodate a West African origin of the parasites. With this method, very reliable high throughput surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance becomes more affordable than ever before.
28546554	16	26	resistance	T039	C1514892
28546554	27	36	profiling	T169	C2003903
28546554	40	61	Plasmodium falciparum	T204	C0032150
28546554	40	72	Plasmodium falciparum infections	T046	C3714514
28546554	82	102	custom dual indexing	T062	C0017395
28546554	107	153	Illumina next generation sequencing-technology	T062	C0017395
28546554	154	175	Genetic polymorphisms	T045	C0032529
28546554	179	192	P. falciparum	T204	C0032150
28546554	221	231	parasite's	T204	C0030498
28546554	232	246	susceptibility	T033	C0243095
28546554	250	268	antimalarial drugs	T121	C0003374
28546554	284	303	geographical origin	T082	C0565935
28546554	338	348	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28546554	349	360	development	T169	C1527148
28546554	365	371	spread	T080	C0332261
28546554	375	387	antimalarial	T121	C0003374
28546554	375	403	antimalarial drug resistance	T038	C0013203
28546554	431	444	multiplex PCR	T059	C2732533
28546554	446	475	custom designed dual indexing	T062	C0017395
28546554	480	485	Miseq	T170	C3898361
28546554	486	496	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28546554	517	520	SNP	T086	C0752046
28546554	523	532	profiling	T169	C2003903
28546554	540	547	malaria	T047	C0024530
28546554	548	558	infections	T046	C3714514
28546554	564	577	Guinea-Bissau	T083	C0018387
28546554	586	590	cost	T081	C0010186
28546554	616	626	amplifying	T045	C0017256
28546554	631	641	sequencing	T059	C1294197
28546554	645	652	genetic	T169	C0314603
28546554	653	662	fragments	T080	C1708096
28546554	676	686	resistance	T039	C1514892
28546554	699	703	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28546554	717	722	pfcrt	T028	C0017337
28546554	724	730	pfmdr1	T028	C0017337
28546554	732	738	pfdhfr	T028	C0017337
28546554	740	746	pfdhps	T028	C0017337
28546554	770	776	length	T081	C1444754
28546554	780	785	pfK13	T028	C0017337
28546554	795	808	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28546554	809	816	barcode	T170	C0004738
28546554	821	829	parasite	T204	C0030498
28546554	830	836	origin	T033	C0584985
28546554	838	842	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28546554	878	885	average	T081	C1510992
28546554	946	949	SNP	T086	C0752046
28546554	952	961	positions	T082	C0733755
28546554	1019	1022	SNP	T086	C0752046
28546554	1043	1054	artemisinin	T109,T121	C0052430
28546554	1043	1065	artemisinin resistance	T038	C0013203
28546554	1078	1082	SNPs	T086	C0752046
28546554	1086	1091	pfK13	T028	C0017337
28546554	1096	1102	absent	T169	C0332197
28546554	1128	1141	Guinea-Bissau	T083	C0018387
28546554	1153	1159	pfmdr1	T028	C0017337
28546554	1191	1201	prevalence	T081	C0220900
28546554	1207	1220	mitochondrial	T026	C0026237
28546554	1221	1229	barcodes	T170	C0004738
28546554	1262	1274	West African	T098	C0238606
28546554	1262	1281	West African origin	T033	C0584985
28546554	1289	1298	parasites	T204	C0030498
28546554	1310	1316	method	T170	C0025663
28546554	1323	1331	reliable	T170	C3858758
28546554	1348	1360	surveillance	T061	C0038842
28546554	1364	1376	antimalarial	T121	C0003374
28546554	1364	1392	antimalarial drug resistance	T038	C0013203

28547383|t|Complete nucleotide sequence of a highly divergent cherry -associated luteovirus (ChALV) isolate from peach in South Korea
28547383|a|We determined the complete genome sequence of a highly divergent South Korean (SK) isolate of a cherry -associated luteovirus (ChALV) from peach. The ChALV - SK genome consists of 5,815 nucleotides, and contains five open reading frames (ORFs). A comparative analysis of the full genome showed only 73.1% nucleotide sequence identity with a recently described ChALV from the Czech Republic (CZ). Amino acid similarities of the individual ORFs between ChALV - SK and other luteoviruses range from 17.3 to 92%, which places the new isolate close to the species demarcation value for luteoviruses. Results show our ChALV - SK isolate to be highly diverged from the ChALV - CZ isolate.
28547383	0	8	Complete	T080	C0205197
28547383	9	28	nucleotide sequence	T086	C0004793
28547383	34	50	highly divergent	T080	C1705242
28547383	51	57	cherry	T002	C0330657
28547383	70	80	luteovirus	T005	C0206264
28547383	82	87	ChALV	T005	C0206264
28547383	89	96	isolate	T123	C1764827
28547383	102	107	peach	T002	C0330659
28547383	111	122	South Korea	T083	C0022773
28547383	141	149	complete	T080	C0205197
28547383	150	165	genome sequence	T085	C2348746
28547383	171	187	highly divergent	T080	C1705242
28547383	188	200	South Korean	T083	C0022773
28547383	202	204	SK	T083	C0022773
28547383	206	213	isolate	T123	C1764827
28547383	219	225	cherry	T002	C0330657
28547383	238	248	luteovirus	T005	C0206264
28547383	250	255	ChALV	T005	C0206264
28547383	262	267	peach	T002	C0330659
28547383	273	278	ChALV	T005	C0206264
28547383	281	283	SK	T083	C0022773
28547383	284	290	genome	T028	C0042720
28547383	284	290	genome	T028	C0042720
28547383	309	320	nucleotides	T114	C0028630
28547383	340	359	open reading frames	T028	C0079941
28547383	361	365	ORFs	T028	C0079941
28547383	370	390	comparative analysis	T063	C0796358
28547383	403	409	genome	T028	C0042720
28547383	428	447	nucleotide sequence	T086	C0004793
28547383	483	488	ChALV	T005	C0206264
28547383	498	512	Czech Republic	T083	C0206578
28547383	514	516	CZ	T083	C0206578
28547383	514	516	CZ	T083	C0206578
28547383	519	529	Amino acid	T116,T121,T123	C0002520
28547383	530	542	similarities	T081	C1710052
28547383	561	565	ORFs	T028	C0079941
28547383	574	579	ChALV	T005	C0206264
28547383	582	584	SK	T083	C0022773
28547383	595	607	luteoviruses	T005	C0206264
28547383	653	660	isolate	T123	C1764827
28547383	674	681	species	T185	C1705920
28547383	682	699	demarcation value	T033	C0243095
28547383	704	716	luteoviruses	T005	C0206264
28547383	735	740	ChALV	T005	C0206264
28547383	743	745	SK	T083	C0022773
28547383	746	753	isolate	T123	C1764827
28547383	760	775	highly diverged	T080	C1705242
28547383	785	790	ChALV	T005	C0206264
28547383	793	795	CZ	T083	C0206578
28547383	796	803	isolate	T123	C1764827

28548488|t|A Fluorescent Split Aptamer for Visualizing RNA-RNA Assembly In Vivo
28548488|a|RNA-RNA assembly governs key biological processes and is a powerful tool for engineering synthetic genetic circuits. Characterizing RNA assembly in living cells often involves monitoring fluorescent reporter proteins, which are at best indirect measures of underlying RNA-RNA hybridization events and are subject to additional temporal and load constraints associated with translation and activation of reporter proteins. In contrast, RNA aptamers that sequester small molecule dyes and activate their fluorescence are increasingly utilized in genetically encoded strategies to report on RNA - level events. Split-aptamer systems have been rationally designed to generate signal upon hybridization of two or more discrete RNA transcripts, but none directly function when expressed in vivo. We reasoned that the improved physiological properties of the Broccoli aptamer enable construction of a split-aptamer system that could function in living cells. Here we present the Split-Broccoli system, in which self-assembly is nucleated by a thermostable, three-way junction RNA architecture and fluorescence activation requires both strands. Functional assembly of the system approximately follows second-order kinetics in vitro and improves when cotranscribed, rather than when assembled from purified components. Split-Broccoli fluorescence is digital in vivo and retains functional modularity when fused to RNAs that regulate circuit function through RNA-RNA hybridization, as demonstrated with an RNA Toehold switch. Split-Broccoli represents the first functional split-aptamer system to operate in vivo. It offers a genetically encoded and nondestructive platform to monitor and exploit RNA-RNA hybridization, whether as an all- RNA, stand-alone AND gate or as a tool for monitoring assembly of RNA-RNA hybrids.
28548488	2	27	Fluorescent Split Aptamer	T114	C0599013
28548488	44	51	RNA-RNA	T114	C0035668
28548488	52	60	Assembly	T044	C0872376
28548488	61	68	In Vivo	T082	C1515655
28548488	69	76	RNA-RNA	T114	C0035668
28548488	77	85	assembly	T044	C0872376
28548488	98	118	biological processes	T038	C3714634
28548488	201	204	RNA	T114	C0035668
28548488	205	213	assembly	T044	C0872376
28548488	217	229	living cells	T025	C0007634
28548488	256	285	fluorescent reporter proteins	T116,T130	C0120285
28548488	337	358	RNA-RNA hybridization	T059,T063	C0599862
28548488	359	365	events	T051	C0441471
28548488	396	425	temporal and load constraints	T033	C0243095
28548488	442	453	translation	T044	C0597295
28548488	458	468	activation	T052	C1879547
28548488	472	489	reporter proteins	T116,T123	C0033684
28548488	504	516	RNA aptamers	T114	C1567954
28548488	522	531	sequester	T169	C0333312
28548488	532	551	small molecule dyes	T130	C0013343
28548488	556	564	activate	T052	C1879547
28548488	571	583	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28548488	613	624	genetically	T169	C0314603
28548488	625	632	encoded	T052	C2700640
28548488	657	660	RNA	T114	C0035668
28548488	663	668	level	T080	C0441889
28548488	669	675	events	T051	C0441471
28548488	677	698	Split-aptamer systems	T114	C0599013
28548488	720	728	designed	T052	C1707689
28548488	741	747	signal	T067	C1710082
28548488	753	766	hybridization	T059	C1300517
28548488	791	806	RNA transcripts	T114,T123	C1136155
28548488	840	849	expressed	T045	C0017262
28548488	850	857	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28548488	889	913	physiological properties	T039	C1254359
28548488	921	937	Broccoli aptamer	T114	C0599013
28548488	963	983	split-aptamer system	T114	C0599013
28548488	1007	1019	living cells	T025	C0007634
28548488	1041	1062	Split-Broccoli system	T114	C0599013
28548488	1073	1086	self-assembly	T044	C0872376
28548488	1090	1099	nucleated	T080	C1979936
28548488	1105	1117	thermostable	T169	C0205245
28548488	1138	1141	RNA	T114	C0035668
28548488	1159	1171	fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28548488	1172	1182	activation	T052	C1879547
28548488	1197	1204	strands	T114	C1704973
28548488	1206	1225	Functional assembly	T044	C0872376
28548488	1233	1239	system	T114	C0599013
28548488	1262	1283	second-order kinetics	T070	C1254365
28548488	1284	1292	in vitro	T080	C1533691
28548488	1311	1324	cotranscribed	T045	C0040649
28548488	1343	1352	assembled	T044	C0872376
28548488	1367	1377	components	T114	C0035668
28548488	1379	1406	Split-Broccoli fluorescence	T070	C0016315
28548488	1418	1425	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28548488	1438	1459	functional modularity	T169	C0205245
28548488	1465	1470	fused	T169	C0332466
28548488	1474	1478	RNAs	T114	C0035668
28548488	1518	1539	RNA-RNA hybridization	T059,T063	C0599862
28548488	1565	1583	RNA Toehold switch	T114	C0035668
28548488	1585	1599	Split-Broccoli	T114	C0599013
28548488	1632	1652	split-aptamer system	T114	C0599013
28548488	1664	1671	in vivo	T082	C1515655
28548488	1685	1696	genetically	T169	C0314603
28548488	1697	1704	encoded	T052	C2700640
28548488	1756	1777	RNA-RNA hybridization	T059,T063	C0599862
28548488	1798	1801	RNA	T114	C0035668
28548488	1852	1860	assembly	T044	C0872376
28548488	1864	1879	RNA-RNA hybrids	T059,T063	C0599862

28548676|t|The Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Migraine in Primary Care
28548676|a|Chronic migraine is common, affecting approximately 1% of the general population, and causes significant disability. To summarize optimal involvement of primary care physicians in chronic migraine care, and to provide algorithms to assist them in the diagnosis and management of patients with chronic migraine. An analysis of diagnostic and treatment needs in chronic migraine, based on a synthesis of the medical literature and clinical experience. Chronic migraine represents the more severe end of the migraine spectrum, usually arises out of previous episodic migraine, and is characterized by headache on 15 days a month or more. Importantly, the headache needs to meet migraine diagnostic criteria on only 8 days a month in order to meet chronic migraine diagnostic criteria. When acute medication overuse is present, a second diagnosis of medication overuse headache should be made. If patients meet criteria for chronic migraine, this excludes a diagnosis of chronic tension-type headache. Acute therapy of chronic migraine is similar to episodic migraine, except that medication overuse is a much greater risk in chronic migraine and must be addressed. All patients should be considered for pharmacological prophylaxis, and the behavioral aspects of therapy should be emphasized. The two prophylactic drugs with the best evidence for efficacy in chronic migraine are topiramate and onabotulinumtoxinA. Given the disability caused by chronic migraine, these should both be available to patients as necessary. Management of chronic migraine is complex, and many patients are relatively refractory to therapy. Specialist referral will often be required and should not be unduly delayed. On the other hand, the primary care physician should be able to make the diagnosis, initiate therapy, and manage some less refractory patients without referral. The timing of referral should depend both on the expertise of the primary care physician in headache management and the patient's response to initial therapy.
28548676	4	13	Diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28548676	18	28	Management	T058	C0376636
28548676	32	48	Chronic Migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	52	64	Primary Care	T058	C0033137
28548676	65	81	Chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	93	102	affecting	T169	C0392760
28548676	127	145	general population	T098	C0683971
28548676	170	180	disability	T033	C0231170
28548676	195	202	optimal	T080	C2698651
28548676	218	241	primary care physicians	T097	C0033131
28548676	245	261	chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	262	266	care	T058	C0086388
28548676	283	293	algorithms	T170	C0002045
28548676	316	325	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28548676	330	340	management	T058	C0376636
28548676	344	352	patients	T101	C0030705
28548676	358	374	chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	379	387	analysis	T062	C0936012
28548676	391	401	diagnostic	T169	C0348026
28548676	406	415	treatment	T061	C0087111
28548676	425	441	chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	471	489	medical literature	T170	C0023866
28548676	494	502	clinical	T080	C0205210
28548676	503	513	experience	T041	C0596545
28548676	515	531	Chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	570	578	migraine	T047	C0149931
28548676	579	587	spectrum	T077	C2827424
28548676	620	628	episodic	T080	C1455761
28548676	629	637	migraine	T047	C0149931
28548676	663	671	headache	T184	C0018681
28548676	678	682	days	T079	C0439228
28548676	685	690	month	T079	C0439231
28548676	717	725	headache	T184	C0018681
28548676	740	748	migraine	T047	C0149931
28548676	749	768	diagnostic criteria	T080	C1704338
28548676	779	783	days	T079	C0439228
28548676	786	791	month	T079	C0439231
28548676	809	825	chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	826	845	diagnostic criteria	T080	C1704338
28548676	852	887	acute medication overuse is present	T055	C3266697
28548676	898	907	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28548676	911	938	medication overuse headache	T046	C2349423
28548676	958	966	patients	T101	C0030705
28548676	985	1001	chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	1019	1028	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28548676	1032	1062	chronic tension-type headache.	T047	C0393738
28548676	1069	1076	therapy	T061	C0087111
28548676	1080	1096	chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	1111	1119	episodic	T080	C1455761
28548676	1120	1128	migraine	T047	C0149931
28548676	1142	1160	medication overuse	T055	C3266697
28548676	1187	1203	chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	1231	1239	patients	T101	C0030705
28548676	1265	1292	pharmacological prophylaxis	T061	C0013216
28548676	1302	1331	behavioral aspects of therapy	T061	C0004933
28548676	1375	1380	drugs	T121	C0013227
28548676	1408	1416	efficacy	T080	C1280519
28548676	1420	1436	chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	1441	1451	topiramate	T109,T121	C0076829
28548676	1456	1474	onabotulinumtoxinA	T116,T121,T129	C2719767
28548676	1486	1496	disability	T033	C0231170
28548676	1507	1523	chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	1559	1567	patients	T101	C0030705
28548676	1582	1592	Management	T058	C0376636
28548676	1596	1612	chronic migraine	T047	C1960870
28548676	1634	1642	patients	T101	C0030705
28548676	1658	1668	refractory	T169	C0205269
28548676	1672	1679	therapy	T061	C0087111
28548676	1781	1803	primary care physician	T097	C0033131
28548676	1831	1840	diagnosis	T033	C0011900
28548676	1851	1858	therapy	T061	C0087111
28548676	1881	1891	refractory	T169	C0205269
28548676	1892	1900	patients	T101	C0030705
28548676	1968	1977	expertise	T080	C0870520
28548676	1985	2007	primary care physician	T097	C0033131
28548676	2011	2019	headache	T184	C0018681
28548676	2020	2030	management	T058	C0376636
28548676	2039	2048	patient's	T101	C0030705
28548676	2049	2057	response	T032	C0871261
28548676	2069	2076	therapy	T061	C0087111

28548949|t|Dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins inactivate regulatory T cells by promoting NER - dependent DNA repair in dendritic cells in UVB - exposed skin
28548949|a|Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and depletion of these Treg cells alleviates immunosuppression and inhibits photocarcinogenesis in mice. Here, we determined the effects of dietary grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) on the development and activity of UVB - induced Treg cells. C3H/HeN mice fed a GSPs (0.5%, w/w)- supplemented or control diet were exposed to UVB (150 mJ/cm2) radiation, sensitized to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and sacrificed 5 days later. FACS analysis indicated that dietary GSPs decrease the numbers of UVB - induced Treg cells. ELISA analysis of cultured sorted Treg cells indicated that secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines (interleukin-10, TGF-β) was significantly lower in Treg cells from GSPs - fed mice. Dietary GSPs also enhanced the ability of Treg cells from wild-type mice to stimulate production of IFNγ by T cells. These effects of dietary GSPs on Treg cell function were not found in XPA - deficient mice, which are incapable of repairing UVB - induced DNA damage. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that naïve recipients that received Treg cells from GSPs - fed UVB - irradiated wild-type donors that had been sensitized to DNFB exhibited a significantly higher contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response to DNFB than mice that received Treg cells from UVB - exposed mice fed the control diet. There was no significant difference in the CHS response between mice that received Treg cells from UVB - irradiated XPA - deficient donors fed GSPs or the control diet. Furthermore, dietary GSPs significantly inhibited UVB - induced skin tumor development in wild-type mice but not in XPA - deficient mice. These results suggest that GSPs inactivate Treg cells by promoting DNA repair in dendritic cells in UVB - exposed skin.
28548949	0	7	Dietary	T168	C0012155
28548949	8	36	grape seed proanthocyanidins	T109,T121	C0937626
28548949	37	47	inactivate	T169	C0544461
28548949	48	66	regulatory T cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	70	79	promoting	T052	C0033414
28548949	80	83	NER	T045	C0524550
28548949	86	95	dependent	T169	C3244310
28548949	96	106	DNA repair	T045	C0012899
28548949	110	125	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
28548949	129	132	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	135	142	exposed	T080	C0332157
28548949	143	147	skin	T022	C1123023
28548949	148	161	Ultraviolet B	T070	C0564461
28548949	163	166	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	168	177	radiation	T070	C0851346
28548949	178	185	induces	T169	C0205263
28548949	186	204	regulatory T cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	206	216	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	222	231	depletion	T169	C0333668
28548949	241	251	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	263	280	immunosuppression	T047	C4048329
28548949	285	293	inhibits	T052	C3463820
28548949	294	313	photocarcinogenesis	T191	C0596263
28548949	317	321	mice	T015	C0025929
28548949	332	342	determined	T080	C0521095
28548949	347	357	effects of	T080	C1704420
28548949	358	365	dietary	T168	C0012155
28548949	366	394	grape seed proanthocyanidins	T109,T121	C0937626
28548949	409	420	development	T169	C1527148
28548949	425	433	activity	T052	C0441655
28548949	437	440	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	443	450	induced	T169	C0205263
28548949	451	461	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	463	475	C3H/HeN mice	T015	C1511363
28548949	476	479	fed	T052	C2987508
28548949	500	512	supplemented	T169	C2348609
28548949	516	528	control diet	T033	C2930544
28548949	534	541	exposed	T080	C0332157
28548949	545	548	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	562	571	radiation	T070	C0851346
28548949	573	583	sensitized	UnknownType	C0259887
28548949	587	611	2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene	T109,T130	C0012463
28548949	613	617	DNFB	T109,T130	C0012463
28548949	648	652	FACS	T059	C0079366
28548949	653	661	analysis	T062	C0936012
28548949	662	671	indicated	T033	C1444656
28548949	677	684	dietary	T168	C0012155
28548949	690	698	decrease	T081	C0547047
28548949	714	717	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	720	727	induced	T169	C0205263
28548949	728	738	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	740	745	ELISA	T059	C0014441
28548949	746	754	analysis	T062	C0936012
28548949	774	784	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	785	794	indicated	T033	C1444656
28548949	800	809	secretion	T038	C0036536
28548949	813	830	immunosuppressive	T047	C4048329
28548949	831	840	cytokines	T116,T129	C0079189
28548949	842	856	interleukin-10	T116,T129	C0085295
28548949	858	863	TGF-β	T116,T123	C0040690
28548949	869	888	significantly lower	T081	C4055638
28548949	892	902	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	915	918	fed	T052	C2987508
28548949	919	923	mice	T015	C0025929
28548949	925	932	Dietary	T168	C0012155
28548949	943	951	enhanced	T052	C2349975
28548949	956	963	ability	T032	C0085732
28548949	967	977	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	983	992	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28548949	993	997	mice	T015	C0025929
28548949	1011	1021	production	T057	C0033268
28548949	1025	1029	IFNγ	T116,T121,T129	C0021747
28548949	1033	1040	T cells	T025	C0039194
28548949	1048	1058	effects of	T080	C1704420
28548949	1059	1066	dietary	T168	C0012155
28548949	1075	1084	Treg cell	T025	C0039198
28548949	1085	1093	function	T043	C0007613
28548949	1112	1115	XPA	T028	C1337030
28548949	1118	1127	deficient	T045	C0017260
28548949	1128	1132	mice	T015	C0025929
28548949	1144	1153	incapable	T033	C1550518
28548949	1157	1166	repairing	T045	C0012899
28548949	1167	1170	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	1173	1180	induced	T169	C0205263
28548949	1181	1191	DNA damage	T049	C0012860
28548949	1193	1222	Adoptive transfer experiments	T061	C0376518
28548949	1243	1253	recipients	T098	C1709854
28548949	1259	1267	received	T080	C1514756
28548949	1268	1278	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	1291	1294	fed	T052	C2987508
28548949	1295	1298	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	1301	1311	irradiated	T070	C1282930
28548949	1312	1321	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28548949	1322	1328	donors	T098	C0013018
28548949	1343	1353	sensitized	UnknownType	C0259887
28548949	1357	1361	DNFB	T109,T130	C0012463
28548949	1374	1394	significantly higher	T081	C4055637
28548949	1395	1419	contact hypersensitivity	T046	C0162351
28548949	1421	1424	CHS	T046	C0162351
28548949	1426	1434	response	T032	C0871261
28548949	1438	1442	DNFB	T109,T130	C0012463
28548949	1448	1452	mice	T015	C0025929
28548949	1458	1466	received	T080	C1514756
28548949	1467	1477	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	1483	1486	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	1489	1496	exposed	T080	C0332157
28548949	1497	1501	mice	T015	C0025929
28548949	1502	1505	fed	T052	C2987508
28548949	1510	1522	control diet	T033	C2930544
28548949	1537	1548	significant	T078	C0750502
28548949	1567	1570	CHS	T046	C0162351
28548949	1571	1579	response	T032	C0871261
28548949	1588	1592	mice	T015	C0025929
28548949	1598	1606	received	T080	C1514756
28548949	1607	1617	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	1623	1626	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	1629	1639	irradiated	T070	C1282930
28548949	1640	1643	XPA	T028	C1337030
28548949	1646	1655	deficient	T045	C0017260
28548949	1656	1662	donors	T098	C0013018
28548949	1663	1666	fed	T052	C2987508
28548949	1679	1691	control diet	T033	C2930544
28548949	1706	1713	dietary	T168	C0012155
28548949	1719	1732	significantly	T081	C4055637
28548949	1733	1742	inhibited	T080	C0311403
28548949	1743	1746	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	1749	1756	induced	T169	C0205263
28548949	1757	1767	skin tumor	T191	C0037286
28548949	1768	1779	development	T169	C1527148
28548949	1783	1792	wild-type	T028	C1883559
28548949	1793	1797	mice	T015	C0025929
28548949	1809	1812	XPA	T028	C1337030
28548949	1809	1812	XPA	T116,T123	C1506534
28548949	1815	1824	deficient	T045	C0017260
28548949	1825	1829	mice	T015	C0025929
28548949	1863	1873	inactivate	T169	C0544461
28548949	1874	1884	Treg cells	T025	C0039198
28548949	1888	1897	promoting	T052	C0033414
28548949	1898	1908	DNA repair	T045	C0012899
28548949	1912	1927	dendritic cells	T025	C0011306
28548949	1931	1934	UVB	T070	C0564461
28548949	1937	1944	exposed	T080	C0332157
28548949	1937	1944	exposed	T080	C0332157
28548949	1945	1949	skin	T022	C1123023

28548970|t|Rinsing paired-agent model (RPAM) to quantify cell-surface receptor concentrations in topical staining applications of thick tissues
28548970|a|Conventional molecular assessment of tissue through histology, if adapted to fresh thicker samples, has the potential to enhance cancer detection in surgical margins and monitoring of 3D cell culture molecular environments. However, in thicker samples, substantial background staining is common despite repeated rinsing, which can significantly reduce image contrast. Recently, ' paired-agent' methods -which employ co-administration of a control (untargeted) imaging agent -have been applied to thick - sample staining applications to account for background staining. To date, these methods have included (1) a simple ratiometric method that is relatively insensitive to noise in the data but has accuracy that is dependent on the staining protocol and the characteristics of the sample; and (2) a complex paired-agent kinetic modeling method that is more accurate but is more noise-sensitive and requires a precise serial rinsing protocol. Here, a new simplified mathematical model-the rinsing paired-agent model (RPAM)-is derived and tested that offers a good balance between the previous models, is adaptable to arbitrary rinsing-imaging protocols, and does not require calibration of the imaging system. RPAM is evaluated against previous models and is validated by comparison to estimated concentrations of targeted biomarkers on the surface of 3D cell culture and tumor xenograft models. This work supports the use of RPAM as a preferable model to quantitatively analyze targeted biomarker concentrations in topically stained thick tissues, as it was found to match the accuracy of the complex paired-agent kinetic model while retaining the low noise-sensitivity characteristics of the ratiometric method.
28548970	0	26	Rinsing paired-agent model	T170	C0876936
28548970	28	32	RPAM	T170	C0876936
28548970	37	45	quantify	T081	C1709793
28548970	46	67	cell-surface receptor	T116,T192	C0034800
28548970	68	82	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28548970	86	93	topical	T082	C0332237
28548970	94	102	staining	T059	C0487602
28548970	119	124	thick	T080	C1280412
28548970	125	132	tissues	T024	C0040300
28548970	133	145	Conventional	T080	C0439858
28548970	146	166	molecular assessment	T058	C2985397
28548970	170	176	tissue	T024	C0040300
28548970	177	184	through	T169	C0332273
28548970	185	194	histology	T059	C0344441
28548970	210	231	fresh thicker samples	T031	C2827486
28548970	241	250	potential	T080	C3245505
28548970	254	261	enhance	T052	C2349975
28548970	262	278	cancer detection	T058	C1516193
28548970	282	298	surgical margins	T023	C0229985
28548970	303	313	monitoring	T058	C1283169
28548970	317	332	3D cell culture	T059	C0007585
28548970	369	384	thicker samples	T077	C2347026
28548970	398	417	background staining	T130	C0805222
28548970	421	427	common	T081	C0205214
28548970	436	444	repeated	T169	C0205341
28548970	445	452	rinsing	T052	C1882955
28548970	464	477	significantly	T078	C0750502
28548970	478	484	reduce	T080	C0392756
28548970	485	490	image	T170	C1704254
28548970	491	499	contrast	T080	C1979874
28548970	513	534	paired-agent' methods	T059	C0022885
28548970	542	548	employ	T169	C0457083
28548970	572	606	control (untargeted) imaging agent	T130	C1512628
28548970	618	625	applied	T169	C4048755
28548970	629	634	thick	T080	C1280412
28548970	637	652	sample staining	T059	C0487602
28548970	681	700	background staining	T130	C0805222
28548970	717	724	methods	T060	C0021044
28548970	752	770	ratiometric method	T169	C0242485
28548970	790	810	insensitive to noise	T033	C0424315
28548970	831	839	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28548970	865	873	staining	T059	C0487602
28548970	874	882	protocol	T170	C0442711
28548970	891	906	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28548970	914	920	sample	T167	C0370003
28548970	932	976	complex paired-agent kinetic modeling method	T170	C2986731
28548970	985	989	more	T081	C0205172
28548970	990	998	accurate	T080	C0443131
28548970	1006	1010	more	T081	C0205172
28548970	1011	1026	noise-sensitive	T033	C3843207
28548970	1098	1147	mathematical model-the rinsing paired-agent model	T170	C0876936
28548970	1149	1153	RPAM	T170	C0876936
28548970	1170	1176	tested	T169	C0039593
28548970	1216	1224	previous	T079	C0205156
28548970	1225	1231	models	T170	C3161035
28548970	1249	1258	arbitrary	T080	C1264693
28548970	1259	1284	rinsing-imaging protocols	T060	C1537000
28548970	1307	1318	calibration	T081	C0006751
28548970	1326	1340	imaging system	T073	C2697665
28548970	1342	1346	RPAM	T170	C0876936
28548970	1368	1376	previous	T079	C0205156
28548970	1377	1383	models	T170	C3161035
28548970	1404	1414	comparison	T052	C1707455
28548970	1418	1427	estimated	T081	C0750572
28548970	1428	1442	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28548970	1446	1454	targeted	T169	C1521840
28548970	1455	1465	biomarkers	T201	C0005516
28548970	1473	1480	surface	T082	C0205148
28548970	1484	1499	3D cell culture	T059	C0007585
28548970	1504	1509	tumor	T191	C0027651
28548970	1510	1526	xenograft models	T050	C1520166
28548970	1551	1557	use of	T169	C1524063
28548970	1558	1562	RPAM	T170	C0876936
28548970	1579	1584	model	T170	C0876936
28548970	1588	1610	quantitatively analyze	T081	C0034384
28548970	1611	1619	targeted	T169	C1521840
28548970	1620	1629	biomarker	T201	C0005516
28548970	1630	1644	concentrations	T081	C1446561
28548970	1648	1657	topically	T082	C0332237
28548970	1658	1665	stained	T059	C0487602
28548970	1666	1671	thick	T080	C1280412
28548970	1672	1679	tissues	T024	C0040300
28548970	1700	1705	match	T080	C1708943
28548970	1710	1718	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28548970	1734	1760	paired-agent kinetic model	T170	C2986731
28548970	1767	1776	retaining	T169	C0333118
28548970	1781	1784	low	T080	C0205251
28548970	1785	1802	noise-sensitivity	T033	C3843207
28548970	1803	1818	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28548970	1826	1844	ratiometric method	T169	C0242485

28548973|t|Beneficial Effects of Two Types of Personal Health Record Services Connected With Electronic Medical Records Within the Hospital Setting
28548973|a|Healthcare consumers must be able to make decisions based on accurate health information. To assist with this, we designed and developed an integrated system connected with electronic medical records in hospitals to ensure delivery of accurate health information. The system -called the Consumer-centered Open Personal Health Record platform -is composed of two services: a portal for users with any disease and a mobile application for users with cleft lip / palate. To assess the benefits of these services, we used a quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design, assigning participants to the portal (n = 50) and application (n = 52) groups. Both groups showed significantly increased knowledge, both objective (actual knowledge of health information) and subjective (C of health information), after the intervention. Furthermore, while both groups showed higher information needs satisfaction after the intervention, the application group was significantly more satisfied. Knowledge changes were more affected by participant characteristics in the application group. Our results may be due to the application's provision of specific disease information and a personalized treatment plan based on the participant and other users' data. We recommend that services connected with electronic medical records target specific diseases to provide personalized health management to patients in a hospital setting.
28548973	0	18	Beneficial Effects	T081	C0086387
28548973	26	31	Types	T080	C0332307
28548973	35	57	Personal Health Record	T170	C0018739
28548973	58	66	Services	T058	C0018747
28548973	82	108	Electronic Medical Records	T170	C2362543
28548973	120	136	Hospital Setting	T073,T093	C0019994
28548973	137	157	Healthcare consumers	T098	C1707496
28548973	179	188	decisions	T041	C0679006
28548973	198	206	accurate	T080	C0443131
28548973	207	225	health information	T058	C0850397
28548973	277	294	integrated system	T093	C0282599
28548973	310	336	electronic medical records	T170	C2362543
28548973	340	349	hospitals	T073,T093	C0019994
28548973	360	368	delivery	T169	C1705822
28548973	372	380	accurate	T080	C0443131
28548973	381	399	health information	T058	C0850397
28548973	405	411	system	T093	C0018696
28548973	424	478	Consumer-centered Open Personal Health Record platform	T170	C0018739
28548973	499	507	services	T058	C0018747
28548973	511	527	portal for users	T170	C4277550
28548973	537	544	disease	T047	C0012634
28548973	551	569	mobile application	T170	C3658310
28548973	574	579	users	T098	C1706077
28548973	585	594	cleft lip	T019	C0008924
28548973	597	604	palate.	T019	C0008925
28548973	619	627	benefits	T081	C0086387
28548973	637	645	services	T058	C0018747
28548973	657	700	quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design	UnknownType	C0815255
28548973	712	724	participants	T098	C0679646
28548973	732	738	portal	T098	C1705429
28548973	752	763	application	T098	C1705429
28548973	786	792	groups	T098	C1705429
28548973	814	833	increased knowledge	T170	C0376554
28548973	851	857	actual	T080	C0237400
28548973	858	867	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28548973	871	889	health information	T058	C0850397
28548973	912	930	health information	T058	C0850397
28548973	943	955	intervention	T058	C1881205
28548973	981	987	groups	T098	C1705429
28548973	1002	1013	information	T078	C1533716
28548973	1043	1055	intervention	T061	C0184661
28548973	1061	1078	application group	T098	C1705429
28548973	1113	1122	Knowledge	T170	C0376554
28548973	1141	1149	affected	T169	C0392760
28548973	1153	1164	participant	T098	C0679646
28548973	1165	1180	characteristics	T080	C1521970
28548973	1188	1205	application group	T098	C1705429
28548973	1211	1218	results	T169	C1274040
28548973	1264	1272	specific	T080	C0205369
28548973	1273	1280	disease	T047	C0012634
28548973	1281	1292	information	T078	C1533716
28548973	1299	1311	personalized	T080	C1709510
28548973	1312	1326	treatment plan	T170	C0599880
28548973	1340	1351	participant	T098	C0679646
28548973	1362	1373	users' data	T078	C1511726
28548973	1393	1401	services	T058	C0018747
28548973	1417	1443	electronic medical records	T170	C2362543
28548973	1451	1459	specific	T080	C0205369
28548973	1460	1468	diseases	T047	C0012634
28548973	1480	1492	personalized	T080	C1709510
28548973	1493	1510	health management	T058	C1328735
28548973	1514	1522	patients	T101	C0030705
28548973	1528	1544	hospital setting	T073,T093	C0019994

28549178|t|RhoA / Rock Inhibition Improves the Beneficial Effects of Glucocorticoid Treatment in Dystrophic Muscle: Implications for Stem Cell Depletion
28549178|a|Glucocorticoid treatment represents a standard palliative treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients, but various adverse effects have limited this treatment. In an effort to understand the mechanism(s) by which glucocorticoids impart their effects on the dystrophic muscle, and potentially reduce the adverse effects, we have studied the effect of prednisolone treatment in dystrophin / utrophin double knockout (dKO) mice, which exhibit a severe dystrophic phenotype due to rapid muscle stem cell depletion. Our results indicate that muscle stem cell depletion in dKO muscle is related to upregulation of mTOR, and that prednisolone treatment reduces the expression of mTOR and other pro-inflammatory mediators, consequently slowing down muscle stem cell depletion. However, prednisolone treatment was unable to improve the myogenesis of stem cells and reduce fibrosis in dKO muscle. We then studied whether glucocorticoid treatment can be improved by co-administration of an inhibitor of RhoA / ROCK signaling, which can be activated by glucocorticoids and was found in our previous work to be over-activated in dystrophic muscle. Our results indicate that the combination of RhoA / ROCK inhibition and glucocorticoid treatment in dystrophic muscle have a synergistic effect in alleviating the dystrophic phenotype. Taken together, our study not only shed light on the mechanism by which glucocorticoid imparts its beneficial effect on dystrophic muscle, but also revealed the synergistic effect of RhoA / ROCK inhibition and glucocorticoid treatment, which could lead to the development of more efficient therapeutic approaches for treating DMD patients.
28549178	0	4	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
28549178	7	11	Rock	T116,T126	C0389995
28549178	12	22	Inhibition	T044	C2247986
28549178	36	46	Beneficial	T081	C0814225
28549178	47	54	Effects	T080	C1280500
28549178	58	82	Glucocorticoid Treatment	T061	C2922114
28549178	86	103	Dystrophic Muscle	T047	C0026850
28549178	122	131	Stem Cell	T025	C0038250
28549178	132	141	Depletion	T169	C0333668
28549178	142	166	Glucocorticoid treatment	T061	C2922114
28549178	189	209	palliative treatment	T091	C0030231
28549178	214	241	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	T047	C0013264
28549178	243	246	DMD	T047	C0013264
28549178	248	256	patients	T101	C0030705
28549178	270	285	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28549178	304	313	treatment	T061	C0087111
28549178	346	358	mechanism(s)	T169	C0441712
28549178	368	383	glucocorticoids	T109,T125	C0017710
28549178	397	404	effects	T080	C1280500
28549178	412	429	dystrophic muscle	T047	C0026850
28549178	458	473	adverse effects	T046	C0879626
28549178	495	501	effect	T080	C1280500
28549178	505	517	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
28549178	518	527	treatment	T061	C0087111
28549178	531	541	dystrophin	T028	C1414083
28549178	544	552	utrophin	T028	C1421412
28549178	553	579	double knockout (dKO) mice	T015	C0206745
28549178	604	614	dystrophic	T047	C0026850
28549178	615	624	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28549178	638	654	muscle stem cell	T025	C0599856
28549178	655	664	depletion	T169	C0333668
28549178	692	708	muscle stem cell	T025	C0599856
28549178	709	718	depletion	T169	C0333668
28549178	722	725	dKO	T050	C1522225
28549178	726	732	muscle	T024	C0026845
28549178	747	759	upregulation	T044	C0041904
28549178	763	767	mTOR	T116,T126	C1447315
28549178	778	790	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
28549178	791	800	treatment	T061	C1533734
28549178	813	823	expression	T045	C1171362
28549178	827	831	mTOR	T116,T126	C1447315
28549178	842	868	pro-inflammatory mediators	T123	C0574031
28549178	883	895	slowing down	T080	C0439834
28549178	896	912	muscle stem cell	T025	C0599856
28549178	913	922	depletion	T169	C0333668
28549178	933	945	prednisolone	T109,T121	C0032950
28549178	946	955	treatment	T061	C0087111
28549178	982	992	myogenesis	T042	C0596997
28549178	996	1006	stem cells	T025	C0038250
28549178	1018	1026	fibrosis	T046	C0016059
28549178	1030	1033	dKO	T050	C1522225
28549178	1034	1040	muscle	T024	C0026845
28549178	1066	1090	glucocorticoid treatment	T061	C2922114
28549178	1110	1127	co-administration	T061	C1533734
28549178	1134	1143	inhibitor	T121	C1519313
28549178	1147	1151	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
28549178	1154	1158	ROCK	T116,T126	C0389995
28549178	1159	1168	signaling	T044	C0037080
28549178	1196	1211	glucocorticoids	T109,T125	C0017710
28549178	1271	1288	dystrophic muscle	T047	C0026850
28549178	1335	1339	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
28549178	1342	1346	ROCK	T116,T126	C0389995
28549178	1347	1357	inhibition	T044	C2247986
28549178	1362	1386	glucocorticoid treatment	T061	C2922114
28549178	1390	1407	dystrophic muscle	T047	C0026850
28549178	1415	1426	synergistic	T080	C2986495
28549178	1427	1433	effect	T080	C1280500
28549178	1453	1463	dystrophic	T047	C0026850
28549178	1464	1473	phenotype	T032	C0031437
28549178	1528	1537	mechanism	T169	C0441712
28549178	1547	1561	glucocorticoid	T109,T125	C0017710
28549178	1574	1584	beneficial	T081	C0814225
28549178	1585	1591	effect	T080	C1280500
28549178	1595	1612	dystrophic muscle	T047	C0026850
28549178	1636	1647	synergistic	T080	C2986495
28549178	1648	1654	effect	T080	C1280500
28549178	1658	1662	RhoA	T116,T126	C0643681
28549178	1665	1669	ROCK	T116,T126	C0389995
28549178	1670	1680	inhibition	T044	C2247986
28549178	1685	1709	glucocorticoid treatment	T061	C2922114
28549178	1765	1787	therapeutic approaches	T061	C0087111
28549178	1792	1800	treating	T169	C1522326
28549178	1801	1804	DMD	T047	C0013264
28549178	1805	1813	patients	T101	C0030705

28549352|t|Eye abduction reduces but does not eliminate competition in the oculomotor system
28549352|a|Although it is well established that there is a tight coupling between covert attention and the eye movement system there is an ongoing controversy whether this relationship is functional. Previous studies demonstrated that disrupting the ability to execute an eye movement interferes with the allocation of covert attention. One technique that prevents the execution of an eye movement involves the abduction of the eye in the orbit while presenting the stimuli outside of the effective oculomotor range (Craighero, Nascimben, & Fadiga, 2004). Although eye abduction is supposed to disrupt activation of the oculomotor program responsible for the shift of covert attention, this crucial assumption has never been tested experimentally. In the present study we used saccadic curvature to examine whether eye abduction eliminates the target-distractor competition in the oculomotor system. We experimentally reduced the ability to execute saccades by abducting the eye by 30° (monocular vision). This way the peripheral part of the temporal hemifield was located outside the oculomotor range. Participants made a vertical eye movement while on some trials a distractor was shown either inside or outside of the oculomotor range. The curvature away from distractors located outside the oculomotor range was reduced, but not completely eliminated. This confirms that eye abduction influences the activation of the oculomotor program, but points to the fact that other forms of motor planning, such as head movements are also represented in the oculomotor system. The results are in line with the idea that covert attention is an emerging property of movement planning, but is not restricted to saccade planning.
28549352	0	3	Eye	T023	C0015392
28549352	4	13	abduction	T039	C0231456
28549352	14	21	reduces	T080	C0392756
28549352	45	56	competition	T054	C0679932
28549352	64	81	oculomotor system	T022	C1298729
28549352	153	169	covert attention	T041	C0004268
28549352	178	190	eye movement	T039	C0015413
28549352	191	197	system	T169	C0449913
28549352	243	255	relationship	T080	C0439849
28549352	259	269	functional	T169	C0205245
28549352	280	287	studies	T062	C2603343
28549352	306	316	disrupting	T169	C0332453
28549352	321	328	ability	T032	C0085732
28549352	332	339	execute	T052	C1705848
28549352	343	355	eye movement	T039	C0015413
28549352	356	371	interferes with	T169	C0521102
28549352	376	386	allocation	T052	C1706778
28549352	390	406	covert attention	T041	C0004268
28549352	412	421	technique	T169	C0449851
28549352	427	435	prevents	T169	C1292733
28549352	440	449	execution	T052	C1705848
28549352	456	468	eye movement	T039	C0015413
28549352	482	491	abduction	T039	C0231456
28549352	499	502	eye	T023	C0015392
28549352	510	515	orbit	T030	C0029180
28549352	537	544	stimuli	T078	C0010439
28549352	545	552	outside	T082	C0205101
28549352	560	569	effective	T080	C1704419
28549352	570	580	oculomotor	T042	C0872237
28549352	581	586	range	T081	C1514721
28549352	636	639	eye	T023	C0015392
28549352	640	649	abduction	T039	C0231456
28549352	665	672	disrupt	T169	C0332453
28549352	673	683	activation	T052	C1879547
28549352	691	701	oculomotor	T042	C0872237
28549352	730	735	shift	T169	C0333051
28549352	739	755	covert attention	T041	C0004268
28549352	796	802	tested	T169	C0039593
28549352	803	817	experimentally	T077	C1254372
28549352	834	839	study	T062	C2603343
28549352	848	856	saccadic	T042	C0036019
28549352	857	866	curvature	T082	C1254362
28549352	870	877	examine	T033	C0332128
28549352	886	889	eye	T023	C0015392
28549352	890	899	abduction	T039	C0231456
28549352	915	944	target-distractor competition	T054	C0679932
28549352	952	969	oculomotor system	T022	C1298729
28549352	974	988	experimentally	T077	C1254372
28549352	989	996	reduced	T080	C0392756
28549352	1001	1008	ability	T032	C0085732
28549352	1012	1019	execute	T052	C1705848
28549352	1020	1028	saccades	T042	C0036019
28549352	1032	1041	abducting	T039	C0231456
28549352	1046	1049	eye	T023	C0015392
28549352	1058	1074	monocular vision	T042	C0042797
28549352	1090	1105	peripheral part	T082	C0205100
28549352	1113	1131	temporal hemifield	T082	C1254362
28549352	1144	1151	outside	T082	C0205101
28549352	1156	1166	oculomotor	T042	C0872237
28549352	1167	1172	range	T081	C1514721
28549352	1174	1186	Participants	T098	C0679646
28549352	1194	1202	vertical	T082	C0205128
28549352	1203	1215	eye movement	T039	C0015413
28549352	1267	1273	inside	T082	C0205102
28549352	1277	1284	outside	T082	C0205101
28549352	1292	1302	oculomotor	T042	C0872237
28549352	1303	1308	range	T081	C1514721
28549352	1314	1323	curvature	T082	C1254362
28549352	1354	1361	outside	T082	C0205101
28549352	1366	1376	oculomotor	T042	C0872237
28549352	1377	1382	range	T081	C1514721
28549352	1387	1394	reduced	T080	C0392756
28549352	1446	1449	eye	T023	C0015392
28549352	1450	1459	abduction	T039	C0231456
28549352	1460	1470	influences	T077	C4054723
28549352	1475	1485	activation	T052	C1879547
28549352	1493	1503	oculomotor	T042	C0872237
28549352	1556	1561	motor	T169	C1513492
28549352	1562	1570	planning	T041	C0032074
28549352	1580	1594	head movements	T040	C0376591
28549352	1623	1640	oculomotor system	T022	C1298729
28549352	1646	1653	results	T169	C1274040
28549352	1685	1701	covert attention	T041	C0004268
28549352	1717	1725	property	T080	C0871161
28549352	1729	1737	movement	T040	C0026649
28549352	1738	1746	planning	T041	C0032074
28549352	1773	1780	saccade	T042	C0036019

28549399|t|A systematic review investigating psychosocial aspects of egg sharing in the United Kingdom and their potential effects on egg donation numbers
28549399|a|This review aims to provide an up-to-date knowledge of the psychosocial aspects of egg donation from the perspectives of the egg share donor and their recipient. It explores the motives, experiences and attitudes of egg sharers and their views towards donor anonymity and disclosure. Conclusions are made on how these findings can guide clinical practice and improve egg sharing numbers. A systematic search of peer-reviewed journals of four computerized databases was undertaken. Eleven studies were included in the review. Psychosocial aspects towards donation were positive from the egg share donor and recipient. Concerns raised were whether participating in the egg sharing scheme would impact on their success rates, as well as frustration expressed by a minority regarding the lack of knowledge of egg sharing outside of fertility clinics. The 2005 legislative changes in the UK have not caused the anticipated dramatic decrease in egg donation; however, oocyte donation still falls short of demand. Egg sharing provides a practical option for more patients to access IVF, whilst also providing more donor oocytes. Improved information provision will result in greater awareness of egg sharing, with the potential to recruit more donors and meet the needs of recipients currently on long waiting lists.
28549399	2	19	systematic review	T170	C1955832
28549399	20	33	investigating	T169	C1292732
28549399	34	54	psychosocial aspects	T078	C0243156
28549399	58	69	egg sharing	T061	C4053456
28549399	77	91	United Kingdom	T083	C0041700
28549399	102	111	potential	T080	C3245505
28549399	112	119	effects	T080	C1280500
28549399	123	135	egg donation	T061	C4053456
28549399	136	143	numbers	T081	C0237753
28549399	149	155	review	T170	C0282443
28549399	186	195	knowledge	T170	C0376554
28549399	203	223	psychosocial aspects	T078	C0243156
28549399	227	239	egg donation	T061	C4053456
28549399	269	284	egg share donor	T098	C0029975
28549399	295	304	recipient	T098	C1709854
28549399	322	329	motives	UnknownType	C0869035
28549399	331	342	experiences	T041	C0596545
28549399	347	356	attitudes	T041	C0004271
28549399	360	371	egg sharers	T098	C0029975
28549399	396	401	donor	T098	C0029975
28549399	402	411	anonymity	T078	C0871649
28549399	416	426	disclosure	T055	C0012625
28549399	428	439	Conclusions	T078	C1707478
28549399	462	470	findings	T033	C0243095
28549399	475	498	guide clinical practice	T170	C0282451
28549399	511	522	egg sharing	T061	C4053456
28549399	523	530	numbers	T081	C0237753
28549399	534	544	systematic	T169	C0220922
28549399	545	551	search	T052	C1706202
28549399	555	577	peer-reviewed journals	T170	C2985503
28549399	586	608	computerized databases	T170	C0871696
28549399	632	639	studies	T062	C2603343
28549399	661	667	review	T170	C0282443
28549399	669	689	Psychosocial aspects	T078	C0243156
28549399	698	706	donation	T061	C4053456
28549399	712	720	positive	T033	C1446409
28549399	730	745	egg share donor	T098	C0029975
28549399	750	759	recipient	T098	C1709854
28549399	761	769	Concerns	T078	C2699424
28549399	770	776	raised	T080	C0442818
28549399	790	803	participating	T169	C0679823
28549399	811	822	egg sharing	T061	C4053456
28549399	823	829	scheme	T170	C1519193
28549399	836	842	impact	T080	C4049986
28549399	852	859	success	T080	C0679864
28549399	860	865	rates	T081	C1521828
28549399	878	889	frustration	T041	C0016770
28549399	890	899	expressed	T078	C1551042
28549399	905	913	minority	T098	C0026192
28549399	928	945	lack of knowledge	T033	C1998986
28549399	949	960	egg sharing	T061	C4053456
28549399	972	981	fertility	T040	C0015895
28549399	982	989	clinics	T073,T093	C0442592
28549399	1000	1011	legislative	T170	C2937257
28549399	1012	1019	changes	T169	C0392747
28549399	1027	1029	UK	T083	C0041700
28549399	1071	1079	decrease	T081	C0547047
28549399	1083	1095	egg donation	T061	C4053456
28549399	1106	1121	oocyte donation	T061	C0242813
28549399	1143	1149	demand	T061	C0441516
28549399	1151	1162	Egg sharing	T061	C4053456
28549399	1174	1190	practical option	T169	C1518601
28549399	1200	1208	patients	T101	C0030705
28549399	1212	1218	access	T169	C1554204
28549399	1219	1222	IVF	T061	C0015915
28549399	1251	1264	donor oocytes	T098	C3267027
28549399	1275	1296	information provision	UnknownType	C0681319
28549399	1302	1308	result	T169	C1274040
28549399	1320	1329	awareness	T041	C0004448
28549399	1333	1344	egg sharing	T061	C4053456
28549399	1355	1364	potential	T080	C3245505
28549399	1368	1375	recruit	T052	C2949735
28549399	1392	1396	meet	T067	C1550543
28549399	1410	1420	recipients	T098	C1709854
28549399	1421	1430	currently	T079	C0521116
28549399	1439	1452	waiting lists	T170	C0043010

28549760|t|Perception of food consumed at home and dietary intake: A nationwide study from Brazil
28549760|a|Perception of food consumed is a key factor in acknowledging the need for behavioral change to improve diet quality. We analyzed family dietary intake according to the head of household's perception of satisfaction with food consumed by the family. Households (n = 13,351) that participated in the Brazilian Household Budget Survey and the National Dietary Survey were classified as satisfied or dissatisfied with the food consumed in the home. We compared the family dietary intake of the two groups considering their socio-demographic characteristics. Satisfied families (n = 4429) reported statistically higher intake (in grams/1000 kcal) of vegetables (47.3 vs 33.7), fruits (46.9 vs 21.4), sugar-sweetened beverages (118 vs 71.7), milk and dairy (57.9 vs 34.6), and ultra-processed products (18.6 vs 9.8); and lower intake of rice (86.2 vs 112), beans (91.7 vs 136), and meat (76.5 vs 84.0) when compared to dissatisfied families (n = 1717). Among satisfied families, in the youngest group we found lower consumption of fruits and higher intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed products when compared to the oldest group. Also among satisfied families, those in the highest per capita income group presented higher intake of fruits and lower intake of beans than those in the lowest income group. Satisfied families in the highest income group also consumed more fruits and less beans than dissatisfied families in the same income group. Socio-demographic characteristics may influence perception of satisfaction with food consumed and potentially influence the success of public health efforts to offer nutrition guidance for families satisfied with diets that may or may not be comprised of healthy food and beverages.
28549760	0	10	Perception	T041	C0030971
28549760	14	27	food consumed	T052	C2983605
28549760	31	35	home	T092	C1547197
28549760	40	54	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
28549760	69	74	study	T062	C2603343
28549760	80	86	Brazil	T083	C0006137
28549760	87	97	Perception	T041	C0030971
28549760	101	114	food consumed	T052	C2983605
28549760	124	130	factor	T169	C1521761
28549760	161	178	behavioral change	T055	C0542299
28549760	182	189	improve	T033	C0184511
28549760	190	202	diet quality	T033	C2136285
28549760	207	215	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28549760	216	222	family	T099	C0015576
28549760	223	237	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
28549760	255	274	head of household's	T099	C0018677
28549760	275	285	perception	T041	C0030971
28549760	289	301	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28549760	307	320	food consumed	T052	C2983605
28549760	328	334	family	T099	C0015576
28549760	336	346	Households	T099	C0020052
28549760	365	377	participated	T169	C0679823
28549760	385	394	Brazilian	T033	C0238815
28549760	395	404	Household	T099	C0020052
28549760	405	418	Budget Survey	T170	C0038951
28549760	427	450	National Dietary Survey	T170	C0038951
28549760	456	466	classified	T185	C0008902
28549760	470	479	satisfied	T170	C4084799
28549760	483	495	dissatisfied	T170	C4085546
28549760	505	518	food consumed	T052	C2983605
28549760	526	530	home	T092	C1547197
28549760	535	543	compared	T052	C1707455
28549760	548	554	family	T099	C0015576
28549760	555	569	dietary intake	T040	C1286104
28549760	581	587	groups	T078	C0441833
28549760	606	639	socio-demographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28549760	641	650	Satisfied	T170	C4084799
28549760	651	659	families	T099	C0015576
28549760	671	679	reported	T058	C0700287
28549760	680	700	statistically higher	T080	C0205250
28549760	701	707	intake	T169	C1512806
28549760	732	742	vegetables	T168	C0042440
28549760	759	765	fruits	T168	C0016767
28549760	782	807	sugar-sweetened beverages	T168	C0005329
28549760	823	827	milk	T168	C0349374
28549760	832	837	dairy	T168	C0010947
28549760	858	882	ultra-processed products	T168	C0344355
28549760	902	907	lower	T080	C0205251
28549760	908	914	intake	T169	C1512806
28549760	918	922	rice	T168	C0035567
28549760	938	943	beans	T168	C0004896
28549760	963	967	meat	T168	C0025017
28549760	988	996	compared	T052	C1707455
28549760	1000	1012	dissatisfied	T170	C4085546
28549760	1013	1021	families	T099	C0015576
28549760	1040	1049	satisfied	T170	C4084799
28549760	1050	1058	families	T099	C0015576
28549760	1067	1075	youngest	T079	C1254367
28549760	1076	1081	group	T078	C0441833
28549760	1091	1096	lower	T080	C0205251
28549760	1097	1108	consumption	T052	C2983605
28549760	1112	1118	fruits	T168	C0016767
28549760	1123	1129	higher	T080	C0205250
28549760	1130	1136	intake	T169	C1512806
28549760	1140	1165	sugar-sweetened beverages	T168	C0005329
28549760	1170	1194	ultra-processed products	T168	C0344355
28549760	1200	1208	compared	T052	C1707455
28549760	1216	1222	oldest	T079	C1254367
28549760	1223	1228	group	T078	C0441833
28549760	1241	1250	satisfied	T170	C4084799
28549760	1251	1259	families	T099	C0015576
28549760	1282	1299	per capita income	UnknownType	C0681015
28549760	1300	1305	group	T078	C0441833
28549760	1306	1315	presented	T078	C0449450
28549760	1316	1322	higher	T080	C0205250
28549760	1323	1329	intake	T169	C1512806
28549760	1333	1339	fruits	T168	C0016767
28549760	1344	1349	lower	T080	C0205251
28549760	1350	1356	intake	T169	C1512806
28549760	1360	1365	beans	T168	C0004896
28549760	1384	1403	lowest income group	T098	C0024045
28549760	1405	1414	Satisfied	T170	C4084799
28549760	1415	1423	families	T099	C0015576
28549760	1431	1451	highest income group	T098	C0019532
28549760	1457	1465	consumed	T033	C3468056
28549760	1471	1477	fruits	T168	C0016767
28549760	1482	1486	less	T081	C0439092
28549760	1487	1492	beans	T168	C0004896
28549760	1498	1510	dissatisfied	T170	C4085546
28549760	1511	1519	families	T099	C0015576
28549760	1527	1544	same income group	T098	C0019532
28549760	1546	1579	Socio-demographic characteristics	T102	C0683970
28549760	1584	1593	influence	T077	C4054723
28549760	1594	1604	perception	T041	C0030971
28549760	1608	1620	satisfaction	T041	C0242428
28549760	1626	1639	food consumed	T052	C2983605
28549760	1644	1655	potentially	T080	C3245505
28549760	1656	1665	influence	T077	C4054723
28549760	1670	1677	success	T054	C0597535
28549760	1681	1694	public health	T058	C0699943
28549760	1712	1730	nutrition guidance	T058	C1667087
28549760	1735	1743	families	T099	C0015576
28549760	1744	1753	satisfied	T170	C4084799
28549760	1759	1764	diets	T168	C0012155
28549760	1788	1797	comprised	T052	C2700400
28549760	1801	1813	healthy food	T168	C0016452
28549760	1818	1827	beverages	T168	C0005329

28549770|t|Inversion 3 Cytogenetic Abnormality in an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipient Representative of a Donor Derived Constitutional Abnormality
28549770|a|Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is an important treatment for many severe hematological disorders. However HCT can be associated with significant complications including organ toxicity, graft -versus-host disease and relapse. One other serious but rare complication is the transmission of hematologic and non- hematologic diseases from the donor to the recipient. With older donors, the risk of an abnormality in the donor may be higher. Here we describe the transmission of an inversion 3 constitutional cytogenetic abnormality from an unrelated donor to a recipient and review the clinical implications of the discovery of donor - derived constitutional cytogenetic abnormalities.
28549770	0	11	Inversion 3	T049	C0021943
28549770	12	35	Cytogenetic Abnormality	T033	C0262496
28549770	42	52	Allogeneic	T080	C1515895
28549770	53	71	Hematopoietic Cell	T025	C2323499
28549770	72	82	Transplant	T033	C3841811
28549770	83	92	Recipient	T098	C1709854
28549770	93	107	Representative	T169	C1522602
28549770	113	118	Donor	T098	C0013018
28549770	119	126	Derived	T080	C1441547
28549770	127	153	Constitutional Abnormality	T033	C0262496
28549770	154	199	Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation	T061	C1705576
28549770	200	205	(HCT)	T061	C1705576
28549770	212	221	important	T080	C3898777
28549770	222	231	treatment	T061	C0087111
28549770	241	247	severe	T080	C0205082
28549770	248	271	hematological disorders	T047	C0018939
28549770	281	284	HCT	T061	C1705576
28549770	292	307	associated with	T080	C0332281
28549770	308	319	significant	T078	C0750502
28549770	320	333	complications	T046	C0009566
28549770	334	343	including	T169	C0332257
28549770	344	349	organ	T023	C0178784
28549770	350	358	toxicity	T037	C0600688
28549770	360	386	graft -versus-host disease	T047	C0018133
28549770	391	398	relapse	T067	C0035020
28549770	410	417	serious	T080	C0205404
28549770	422	426	rare	T080	C0522498
28549770	427	439	complication	T046	C0009566
28549770	447	459	transmission	T070	C1521797
28549770	463	474	hematologic	T047	C0018939
28549770	479	504	non- hematologic diseases	T047	C0012634
28549770	514	519	donor	T098	C0013018
28549770	527	536	recipient	T098	C1709854
28549770	543	548	older	T098	C0001792
28549770	549	555	donors	T098	C0013018
28549770	561	565	risk	T078	C0035647
28549770	572	583	abnormality	T033	C0262496
28549770	591	596	donor	T098	C0013018
28549770	604	610	higher	T080	C0205250
28549770	620	628	describe	T058	C0700287
28549770	633	645	transmission	T070	C1521797
28549770	652	663	inversion 3	T049	C0021943
28549770	664	702	constitutional cytogenetic abnormality	T033	C0262496
28549770	711	720	unrelated	T033	C0445356
28549770	721	726	donor	T098	C0013018
28549770	732	741	recipient	T098	C1709854
28549770	746	752	review	T078	C1552617
28549770	757	765	clinical	T080	C0205210
28549770	766	778	implications	T078	C1705535
28549770	786	795	discovery	T052	C1880355
28549770	799	804	donor	T098	C0013018
28549770	807	814	derived	T080	C1441547
28549770	815	855	constitutional cytogenetic abnormalities	T033	C0262496

28550154|t|An amperometric H2O2 biosensor based on hemoglobin nanoparticles immobilized onto a gold electrode
28550154|a|The nanoparticles (NPs) of hemoglobin (Hb) were prepared by desolvation method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). An amperometric H2O2 biosensor was constructed by immobilizing Hb NPs covalently onto a polycrystalline Au electrode (Au E). Hb NPs / Au E was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) before and after immobilization of Hb NPs. The Hb NPs / Au electrode showed optimum response within 2.5s at pH 6.5 in 0.1M sodium phosphate buffer containing 100μM H2O2 and 30⁰C, when operated at -0.2V against Ag/AgCl. The H bN Ps/ A uE exhibited Vmax of 5.161±0.1 μA cm(-2) with Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of 0.1±0.01mM. The biosensor showed lower detection limit (1.0μM), high sensitivity (129±0.25μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) and wider linear range (1.0-1200μM) for H2O2 as compared to earlier biosensors. The analytical recoveries of added H2O2 in serum (0.5μM and1.0μM) were 97.77% and 98.01% respectively and within and between batch coefficients of variation (CV) were 3.16% and 3.36% respectively. There was a good correlation between sera H2O2 values obtained by standard enzymic colourimetric method and the present biosensor (R(2)=0.99). The biosensor measured H2O2 level in sera of apparently healthy subjects and persons suffering from diabetes type II. The Hb NPs / Au electrode lost 10% of its initial activity after 90 days of its regular uses, when stored dry at 4(o)C.
28550154	16	20	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28550154	21	30	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28550154	40	50	hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
28550154	51	64	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28550154	65	76	immobilized	T061	C0020944
28550154	84	88	gold	T121,T196	C0018026
28550154	89	98	electrode	T074	C0013812
28550154	103	116	nanoparticles	T073	C1450054
28550154	118	121	NPs	T073	C1450054
28550154	126	136	hemoglobin	T116,T123	C0019046
28550154	138	140	Hb	T116,T123	C0019046
28550154	159	177	desolvation method	T169	C0449851
28550154	182	195	characterized	T052	C1880022
28550154	199	231	transmission electron microscopy	T059	C0678118
28550154	233	236	TEM	T059	C0678118
28550154	239	268	ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy	T059	C0260250
28550154	273	312	Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy	T062	C0206055
28550154	314	318	FTIR	T062	C0206055
28550154	337	341	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28550154	342	351	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28550154	371	383	immobilizing	T061	C0020944
28550154	384	386	Hb	T116,T123	C0019046
28550154	387	390	NPs	T073	C1450054
28550154	391	401	covalently	T044	C1511539
28550154	409	424	polycrystalline	T104	C0444626
28550154	425	427	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28550154	428	437	electrode	T074	C0013812
28550154	439	441	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28550154	442	443	E	T074	C0013812
28550154	446	448	Hb	T116,T123	C0019046
28550154	449	452	NPs	T073	C1450054
28550154	455	457	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28550154	458	459	E	T074	C0013812
28550154	464	477	characterized	T052	C1880022
28550154	481	509	scanning electron microscopy	T059	C0026020
28550154	511	514	SEM	T059	C0026020
28550154	517	535	cyclic voltammetry	UnknownType	C0683134
28550154	537	539	CV	UnknownType	C0683134
28550154	545	578	electrochemical impedance spectra	T059	C2936361
28550154	580	583	EIS	T059	C2936361
28550154	602	616	immobilization	T061	C0020944
28550154	620	622	Hb	T116,T123	C0019046
28550154	623	626	NPs	T073	C1450054
28550154	632	634	Hb	T116,T123	C0019046
28550154	635	638	NPs	T073	C1450054
28550154	641	643	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28550154	644	653	electrode	T074	C0013812
28550154	661	668	optimum	T080	C2698651
28550154	669	677	response	T044	C0009528
28550154	708	731	sodium phosphate buffer	T121	C3256935
28550154	749	753	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28550154	769	777	operated	T169	C3242339
28550154	810	812	bN	T116,T123	C0019046
28550154	813	816	Ps/	T073	C1450054
28550154	819	821	uE	T121,T196	C0018026
28550154	832	836	Vmax	T067	C1710637
28550154	865	890	Michaelis-Menten constant	T081	C1706312
28550154	892	894	Km	T081	C1706312
28550154	915	924	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28550154	932	953	lower detection limit	T081	C2718050
28550154	963	979	high sensitivity	T059	C1441604
28550154	1011	1016	wider	T082	C0332464
28550154	1017	1023	linear	T082	C0205132
28550154	1024	1029	range	T081	C1514721
28550154	1047	1051	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28550154	1075	1085	biosensors	T075	C0600364
28550154	1091	1101	analytical	T062	C0936012
28550154	1102	1112	recoveries	T052	C0237820
28550154	1122	1126	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28550154	1130	1135	serum	T031	C0229671
28550154	1212	1217	batch	T081	C1948031
28550154	1218	1243	coefficients of variation	T081	C0681921
28550154	1245	1247	CV	T081	C0681921
28550154	1301	1312	correlation	T080	C1707520
28550154	1321	1325	sera	T031	C0229671
28550154	1326	1330	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28550154	1350	1358	standard	T080	C1442989
28550154	1359	1366	enzymic	T116,T126	C0014442
28550154	1367	1387	colourimetric method	T059	C1531834
28550154	1404	1413	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28550154	1431	1440	biosensor	T075	C0600364
28550154	1441	1449	measured	T080	C0444706
28550154	1450	1454	H2O2	T121,T130,T197	C0020281
28550154	1455	1460	level	T080	C0441889
28550154	1464	1468	sera	T031	C0229671
28550154	1483	1499	healthy subjects	T098	C1708335
28550154	1504	1511	persons	T098	C0027361
28550154	1512	1521	suffering	T184	C0751408
28550154	1527	1543	diabetes type II	T047	C0011860
28550154	1549	1551	Hb	T116,T123	C0019046
28550154	1552	1555	NPs	T073	C1450054
28550154	1558	1560	Au	T121,T196	C0018026
28550154	1561	1570	electrode	T074	C0013812
28550154	1571	1575	lost	T169	C0745777
28550154	1587	1594	initial	T079	C0205265
28550154	1595	1603	activity	T052	C0441655
28550154	1625	1632	regular	T080	C0205272
28550154	1633	1637	uses	T169	C0457083
28550154	1644	1650	stored	T169	C1698986
28550154	1651	1654	dry	T080	C0205222

28550165|t|The CLASP2 Protein Interaction Network in Adipocytes Links CLIP2 to AGAP3, CLASP2 to G2L1, MARK2, and SOGA1, and Identifies SOGA1 as a Microtubule-Associated Protein
28550165|a|CLASP2 is a microtubule-associated protein that undergoes insulin - stimulated phosphorylation and co-localization with reorganized actin and GLUT4 at the plasma membrane. To gain insight to the role of CLASP2 in this system, we developed and successfully executed a streamlined interactome approach and built a CLASP2 protein network in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Using two different commercially available antibodies for CLASP2 and an antibody for epitope -tagged, overexpressed CLASP2, we performed multiple affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry (AP - MS) experiments in combination with label-free quantitative proteomics and analyzed the data with the bioinformatics tool Significance Analysis of Interactome (SAINT). We discovered that CLASP2 co-immunoprecipitates (co-IPs) the novel protein SOGA1, the microtubule-associated protein kinase MARK2, and the microtubule / actin - regulating protein G2L1. The GTPase-activating proteins AGAP1 and AGAP3 were also enriched in the CLASP2 interactome, although subsequent AGAP3 and CLIP2 interactome analysis suggests a preference of AGAP3 for CLIP2. Follow-up MARK2 interactome analysis confirmed reciprocal co-IP of CLASP2 and also revealed MARK2 can co-IP SOGA1, glycogen synthase, and glycogenin. Investigating the SOGA1 interactome confirmed SOGA1 can reciprocal co-IP both CLASP2 and MARK2 as well as glycogen synthase and glycogenin. SOGA1 was confirmed to colocalize with CLASP2 and also with tubulin, which identifies SOGA1 as a new microtubule-associated protein. These results introduce the metabolic function of these proposed novel protein networks and their relationship with microtubules as new fields of cytoskeleton - associated protein biology.
28550165	4	10	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	11	38	Protein Interaction Network	T169	C3178902
28550165	42	52	Adipocytes	T025	C0206131
28550165	59	64	CLIP2	T116,T123	C2350719
28550165	68	73	AGAP3	T116,T123	C0061928
28550165	75	81	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	85	89	G2L1	T116,T123	C0033684
28550165	91	96	MARK2	T116,T126	C0299851
28550165	102	107	SOGA1	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	124	129	SOGA1	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	135	165	Microtubule-Associated Protein	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	166	172	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	178	208	microtubule-associated protein	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	224	231	insulin	T116,T121,T125	C0021641
28550165	234	244	stimulated	T045	C0599177
28550165	245	260	phosphorylation	T044	C1158886
28550165	265	280	co-localization	T169	C0475264
28550165	286	297	reorganized	T078	C0680829
28550165	298	303	actin	T116,T123	C0001271
28550165	308	313	GLUT4	T116,T123	C0166441
28550165	321	336	plasma membrane	T026	C0007603
28550165	341	345	gain	T081	C1517378
28550165	346	353	insight	T041	C0233820
28550165	361	365	role	T077	C1705810
28550165	369	375	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	384	390	system	T043	C0597714
28550165	395	404	developed	T169	C1527148
28550165	409	421	successfully	T080	C1272703
28550165	422	430	executed	T052	C1705848
28550165	433	444	streamlined	T080	C0205357
28550165	445	456	interactome	T044	C0872079
28550165	457	465	approach	T082	C0444454
28550165	478	484	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	485	500	protein network	T169	C3178902
28550165	504	521	3T3-L1 adipocytes	T025	C1257743
28550165	533	542	different	T080	C1705242
28550165	543	555	commercially	T170	C0680536
28550165	556	565	available	T169	C0470187
28550165	566	576	antibodies	T116,T129	C0003241
28550165	581	587	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	595	603	antibody	T116,T129	C0003241
28550165	608	615	epitope	T129	C0003316
28550165	625	638	overexpressed	T045	C1171362
28550165	639	645	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	650	659	performed	T169	C0884358
28550165	660	668	multiple	T081	C0439064
28550165	669	690	affinity purification	T059	C0008551
28550165	691	698	coupled	T169	C1948027
28550165	704	721	mass spectrometry	T059	C0037813
28550165	723	725	AP	T059	C0008551
28550165	728	730	MS	T059	C0037813
28550165	732	743	experiments	T062	C0681814
28550165	747	758	combination	T080	C0205195
28550165	764	774	label-free	T033	C0475878
28550165	775	787	quantitative	T081	C0392762
28550165	788	798	proteomics	T091	C0872252
28550165	803	811	analyzed	T062	C0936012
28550165	816	820	data	T078	C1511726
28550165	830	844	bioinformatics	T091	C1140694
28550165	845	849	tool	T170	C0037589
28550165	850	886	Significance Analysis of Interactome	T170	C3203917
28550165	888	893	SAINT	T170	C3203917
28550165	899	909	discovered	T052	C1880355
28550165	915	921	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	922	943	co-immunoprecipitates	T129	C0301871
28550165	945	951	co-IPs	T129	C0301871
28550165	963	970	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28550165	971	976	SOGA1	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	982	1019	microtubule-associated protein kinase	T116,T126	C3542416
28550165	1020	1025	MARK2	T116,T126	C0299851
28550165	1035	1046	microtubule	T026	C0026046
28550165	1049	1054	actin	T116,T123	C0001271
28550165	1057	1067	regulating	T038	C1327622
28550165	1068	1075	protein	T116,T123	C0033684
28550165	1076	1080	G2L1	T116,T123	C0033684
28550165	1086	1112	GTPase-activating proteins	T116,T123	C0061928
28550165	1113	1118	AGAP1	T116,T123	C1173678
28550165	1123	1128	AGAP3	T116,T123	C0061928
28550165	1155	1161	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	1162	1173	interactome	T044	C0872079
28550165	1184	1194	subsequent	T079	C0332282
28550165	1195	1200	AGAP3	T116,T123	C0061928
28550165	1205	1210	CLIP2	T116,T123	C2350719
28550165	1211	1222	interactome	T044	C0872079
28550165	1223	1231	analysis	T062	C0936012
28550165	1243	1253	preference	T078	C0558295
28550165	1257	1262	AGAP3	T116,T123	C0061928
28550165	1267	1272	CLIP2	T116,T123	C2350719
28550165	1284	1289	MARK2	T116,T126	C0299851
28550165	1290	1301	interactome	T044	C0872079
28550165	1302	1310	analysis	T062	C0936012
28550165	1311	1320	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28550165	1321	1331	reciprocal	T080	C1882911
28550165	1332	1337	co-IP	T129	C0301871
28550165	1341	1347	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	1366	1371	MARK2	T116,T126	C0299851
28550165	1376	1381	co-IP	T129	C0301871
28550165	1382	1387	SOGA1	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	1389	1406	glycogen synthase	T116,T126	C0017932
28550165	1412	1422	glycogenin	T116,T126	C1612135
28550165	1424	1437	Investigating	T169	C1292732
28550165	1442	1447	SOGA1	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	1448	1459	interactome	T044	C0872079
28550165	1460	1469	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28550165	1470	1475	SOGA1	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	1480	1490	reciprocal	T080	C1882911
28550165	1491	1496	co-IP	T129	C0301871
28550165	1502	1508	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	1513	1518	MARK2	T116,T126	C0299851
28550165	1530	1547	glycogen synthase	T116,T126	C0017932
28550165	1552	1562	glycogenin	T116,T126	C1612135
28550165	1564	1569	SOGA1	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	1574	1583	confirmed	T033	C0750484
28550165	1587	1597	colocalize	T082	C0392752
28550165	1603	1609	CLASP2	T116,T123	C1566863
28550165	1624	1631	tubulin	T116,T123	C0041348
28550165	1650	1655	SOGA1	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	1665	1695	microtubule-associated protein	T116,T123	C0026045
28550165	1703	1710	results	T033	C0683954
28550165	1725	1743	metabolic function	T044	C0597299
28550165	1753	1761	proposed	T080	C1553874
28550165	1768	1784	protein networks	T169	C3178902
28550165	1795	1807	relationship	T080	C0439849
28550165	1813	1825	microtubules	T026	C0026046
28550165	1843	1855	cytoskeleton	T026	C0010853
28550165	1858	1868	associated	T080	C0332281
28550165	1869	1884	protein biology	T091	C0026376

28550348|t|Medication regimen complexity and prevalence of potentially inappropriate medicines in older patients after hospitalisation
28550348|a|Background There is a relative paucity of information to characterise potential changes in medication regimen complexity and prevalence of prescribing of potentially inappropriate medications after hospitalisation, both in Australia and elsewhere. Objective To evaluate medication regimen complexity and the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications before and after admission to hospital. Setting General medical units of a tertiary care hospital in Australia. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients aged 65 years and above. Medication complexity was measured by using the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI). Main outcome measure The primary outcome was the change in the Medication Regimen Complexity Index for all prescribed medications after hospitalization. Results A convenience sample of 100 patients was included in the study. There was a significant change in the mean medication complexity score (as measured using the MRCI), increasing from 29 at the time of admission to 32 at the time of discharge (p < 0.05). Factors such as baseline medication regimen complexity (pre-admission MRCI) and length of stay in the hospitals appear to influence the change in medication complexity. However, the proportion of patients prescribed at least one potentially inappropriate medicine (PIM) decreased significantly, from 52% pre-hospitalization to 42% at discharge (p = 0.04). Conclusions Relative to the time of admission, overall medication complexity increased and the proportion of patients who were prescribed PIMs decreased after hospitalisation.
28550348	0	18	Medication regimen	T061	C0237125
28550348	19	29	complexity	T078	C0237522
28550348	34	44	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28550348	48	83	potentially inappropriate medicines	T080	C4042848
28550348	87	92	older	T098	C0001792
28550348	93	101	patients	T101	C0030705
28550348	108	123	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
28550348	146	154	relative	T080	C0205345
28550348	166	177	information	T078	C1533716
28550348	194	203	potential	T080	C3245505
28550348	204	211	changes	T169	C0392747
28550348	215	233	medication regimen	T061	C0237125
28550348	234	244	complexity	T078	C0237522
28550348	249	259	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28550348	263	274	prescribing	T058	C2239117
28550348	278	315	potentially inappropriate medications	T080	C4042848
28550348	322	337	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993
28550348	347	356	Australia	T083	C0004340
28550348	372	381	Objective	T170	C0018017
28550348	385	393	evaluate	T058	C0220825
28550348	394	412	medication regimen	T061	C0237125
28550348	413	423	complexity	T078	C0237522
28550348	432	442	prevalence	T081	C0033105
28550348	446	483	potentially inappropriate medications	T080	C4042848
28550348	484	490	before	T079	C0332152
28550348	501	522	admission to hospital	T058	C0184666
28550348	532	553	General medical units	T093	C1708333
28550348	559	581	tertiary care hospital	T073,T093	C0337954
28550348	585	594	Australia	T083	C0004340
28550348	604	630	Retrospective cohort study	T062	C2985505
28550348	634	642	patients	T101	C0030705
28550348	643	647	aged	T032	C0001779
28550348	668	678	Medication	T058	C2081612
28550348	679	689	complexity	T078	C0237522
28550348	694	702	measured	T080	C0444706
28550348	716	751	Medication Regimen Complexity Index	T170	C0282574
28550348	753	757	MRCI	T170	C0282574
28550348	760	780	Main outcome measure	T080	C3274433
28550348	785	800	primary outcome	T080	C3274433
28550348	809	815	change	T169	C0392747
28550348	823	858	Medication Regimen Complexity Index	T170	C0282574
28550348	867	889	prescribed medications	T121	C3166216
28550348	896	911	hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28550348	913	920	Results	T034	C0456984
28550348	923	941	convenience sample	T062	C0150095
28550348	949	957	patients	T101	C0030705
28550348	962	970	included	T169	C0332257
28550348	978	983	study	T062	C2603343
28550348	997	1008	significant	T078	C0750502
28550348	1009	1015	change	T169	C0392747
28550348	1023	1027	mean	T081	C0444504
28550348	1028	1038	medication	T058	C2081612
28550348	1039	1049	complexity	T078	C0237522
28550348	1050	1055	score	T081	C0449820
28550348	1060	1068	measured	T080	C0444706
28550348	1079	1083	MRCI	T170	C0282574
28550348	1086	1096	increasing	T081	C0205217
28550348	1112	1129	time of admission	T079	C3854259
28550348	1143	1160	time of discharge	T079	C3864299
28550348	1173	1180	Factors	T169	C1521761
28550348	1189	1197	baseline	T081	C1442488
28550348	1198	1216	medication regimen	T061	C0237125
28550348	1217	1227	complexity	T078	C0237522
28550348	1229	1242	pre-admission	T079	C0559269
28550348	1243	1247	MRCI	T170	C0282574
28550348	1253	1284	length of stay in the hospitals	T079	C0023303
28550348	1285	1291	appear	T080	C0700364
28550348	1295	1304	influence	T077	C4054723
28550348	1309	1315	change	T169	C0392747
28550348	1319	1329	medication	T058	C2081612
28550348	1330	1340	complexity	T078	C0237522
28550348	1355	1365	proportion	T081	C1709707
28550348	1369	1377	patients	T101	C0030705
28550348	1378	1388	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28550348	1402	1436	potentially inappropriate medicine	T080	C4042848
28550348	1438	1441	PIM	T080	C4042848
28550348	1443	1466	decreased significantly	T081	C4055638
28550348	1477	1496	pre-hospitalization	T058	C0019993
28550348	1504	1516	at discharge	T079	C3871203
28550348	1541	1549	Relative	T080	C0205345
28550348	1557	1574	time of admission	T079	C3854259
28550348	1576	1583	overall	T080	C1561607
28550348	1584	1594	medication	T058	C2081612
28550348	1595	1605	complexity	T078	C0237522
28550348	1606	1615	increased	T081	C0205217
28550348	1624	1634	proportion	T081	C1709707
28550348	1638	1646	patients	T101	C0030705
28550348	1656	1666	prescribed	T058	C0278329
28550348	1667	1671	PIMs	T080	C4042848
28550348	1672	1681	decreased	T081	C0205216
28550348	1688	1703	hospitalisation	T058	C0019993

28550436|t|Short periods of high temperature during meiosis prevent normal meiotic progression and reduce grain number in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
28550436|a|Exposure of wheat to high temperatures during male meiosis prevents normal meiotic progression and reduces grain number. We define a temperature - sensitive period and link heat tolerance to chromosome 5D. This study assesses the effects of heat on meiotic progression and grain number in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Chinese Spring), defines a heat - sensitive stage and evaluates the role of chromosome 5D in heat tolerance. Plants were exposed to high temperatures (30 or 35 °C) in a controlled environment room for 20-h periods during meiosis and the premeiotic interphase just prior to meiosis. Examination of pollen mother cells (PMCs) from immature anthers immediately before and after heat treatment enabled precise identification of the developmental phases being exposed to heat. A temperature - sensitive period was defined, lasting from premeiotic interphase to late leptotene, during which heat can prevent PMCs from progressing through meiosis. PMCs exposed to 35 °C were less likely to progress than those exposed to 30 °C. Grain number per spike was reduced at 30 °C, and reduced even further at 35 °C. Chinese Spring nullisomic 5D-tetrasomic 5B (N5DT5B) plants, which lack chromosome 5D, were more susceptible to heat during premeiosis - leptotene than Chinese Spring plants with the normal (euploid) chromosome complement. The proportion of plants with PMCs progressing through meiosis after heat treatment was lower for N5DT5B plants than for euploids, but the difference was not significant. However, following exposure to 30 °C, in euploid plants grain number was reduced (though not significantly), whereas in N5DT5B plants the reduction was highly significant. After exposure to 35 °C, the reduction in grain number was highly significant for both genotypes. Implications of these findings for the breeding of thermotolerant wheat are discussed.
28550436	6	13	periods	T079	C1948053
28550436	17	33	high temperature	T081	C0039476
28550436	41	48	meiosis	T043	C0025186
28550436	49	56	prevent	T169	C1292733
28550436	64	83	meiotic progression	T044	C1654943
28550436	88	94	reduce	T080	C0392756
28550436	95	100	grain	T002	C0086369
28550436	101	107	number	T081	C0237753
28550436	111	126	hexaploid wheat	T002	C1123020
28550436	128	148	Triticum aestivum L.	T002	C1123020
28550436	150	158	Exposure	T080	C0332157
28550436	162	167	wheat	T002	C0087114
28550436	171	188	high temperatures	T081	C0039476
28550436	196	208	male meiosis	T043	C1155808
28550436	209	217	prevents	T169	C1292733
28550436	225	244	meiotic progression	T044	C1654943
28550436	249	256	reduces	T080	C0392756
28550436	257	262	grain	T002	C0086369
28550436	263	269	number	T081	C0237753
28550436	283	294	temperature	T081	C0039476
28550436	297	313	sensitive period	T079	C1306673
28550436	323	337	heat tolerance	T039	C3544386
28550436	341	354	chromosome 5D	T026	C0008633
28550436	380	395	effects of heat	T047	C0221500
28550436	399	418	meiotic progression	T044	C1654943
28550436	423	428	grain	T002	C0086369
28550436	429	435	number	T081	C0237753
28550436	439	454	hexaploid wheat	T002	C1123020
28550436	456	496	Triticum aestivum L. var. Chinese Spring	T002	C1123020
28550436	509	513	heat	T070	C0018837
28550436	516	531	sensitive stage	T079	C1306673
28550436	558	571	chromosome 5D	T026	C0008633
28550436	575	589	heat tolerance	T039	C3544386
28550436	591	597	Plants	T002	C0032098
28550436	603	610	exposed	T080	C0332157
28550436	614	631	high temperatures	T081	C0039476
28550436	651	673	controlled environment	T068	C0014409
28550436	703	710	meiosis	T043	C0025186
28550436	719	740	premeiotic interphase	T043	C0007591
28550436	755	762	meiosis	T043	C0025186
28550436	779	798	pollen mother cells	T025	C0038250
28550436	800	804	PMCs	T025	C0038250
28550436	811	819	immature	T080	C0205252
28550436	820	827	anthers	T002	C1136229
28550436	857	861	heat	T070	C0018837
28550436	862	871	treatment	T169	C0039798
28550436	910	930	developmental phases	T079	C0870411
28550436	937	944	exposed	T080	C0332157
28550436	948	952	heat	T070	C0018837
28550436	956	967	temperature	T081	C0039476
28550436	970	986	sensitive period	T079	C1306673
28550436	1013	1034	premeiotic interphase	T043	C0007591
28550436	1043	1052	leptotene	T043	C1155821
28550436	1067	1071	heat	T070	C0018837
28550436	1076	1083	prevent	T169	C1292733
28550436	1084	1088	PMCs	T025	C0038250
28550436	1114	1121	meiosis	T043	C0025186
28550436	1123	1127	PMCs	T025	C0038250
28550436	1128	1135	exposed	T080	C0332157
28550436	1185	1192	exposed	T080	C0332157
28550436	1203	1208	Grain	T002	C0086369
28550436	1209	1215	number	T081	C0237753
28550436	1230	1237	reduced	T080	C0392756
28550436	1252	1259	reduced	T080	C0392756
28550436	1283	1290	Chinese	T083	C0008115
28550436	1291	1341	Spring nullisomic 5D-tetrasomic 5B (N5DT5B) plants	T002	C0032098
28550436	1354	1367	chromosome 5D	T026	C0008633
28550436	1394	1398	heat	T070	C0018837
28550436	1406	1416	premeiosis	T043	C0007591
28550436	1419	1428	leptotene	T043	C1155821
28550436	1434	1441	Chinese	T083	C0008115
28550436	1442	1455	Spring plants	T002	C0032098
28550436	1472	1503	(euploid) chromosome complement	T081	C0032246
28550436	1523	1529	plants	T002	C0032098
28550436	1535	1539	PMCs	T025	C0038250
28550436	1560	1567	meiosis	T043	C0025186
28550436	1574	1578	heat	T070	C0018837
28550436	1579	1588	treatment	T169	C0039798
28550436	1603	1616	N5DT5B plants	T002	C0032098
28550436	1626	1634	euploids	T081	C0392762
28550436	1659	1674	not significant	T033	C1273937
28550436	1695	1703	exposure	T080	C0332157
28550436	1717	1731	euploid plants	T002	C0032098
28550436	1732	1737	grain	T002	C0086369
28550436	1738	1744	number	T081	C0237753
28550436	1749	1756	reduced	T080	C0392756
28550436	1765	1782	not significantly	T033	C1273937
28550436	1796	1809	N5DT5B plants	T002	C0032098
28550436	1814	1823	reduction	T080	C0392756
28550436	1828	1846	highly significant	T080	C1299395
28550436	1854	1862	exposure	T080	C0332157
28550436	1877	1886	reduction	T080	C0392756
28550436	1890	1895	grain	T002	C0086369
28550436	1896	1902	number	T081	C0237753
28550436	1907	1925	highly significant	T080	C1299395
28550436	1935	1944	genotypes	T032	C0017431
28550436	1985	1993	breeding	T040	C0006159
28550436	1997	2011	thermotolerant	T039	C3544386
28550436	2012	2017	wheat	T002	C0087114

28550521|t|Assessment of periodontal bone level revisited: a controlled study on the diagnostic accuracy of clinical evaluation methods and intra-oral radiography
28550521|a|The accuracy of analogue and especially digital intra-oral radiography in assessing interdental bone level needs further documentation. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic bone level assessment to intra-surgical bone level registration (1) and to identify the clinical variables rendering interdental bone level assessment inaccurate (2). The study sample included 49 interdental sites in 17 periodontitis patients. Evaluation methods included vertical relative probing attachment level (RAL-V), analogue and digital intra-oral radiography and bone sounding without and with flap elevation. The latter was considered the true bone level. Five examiners evaluated all radiographs. Significant underestimation of the true bone level was observed for all evaluation methods pointing to 2.7 mm on average for analogue radiography, 2.5 mm for digital radiography, 1.8 mm for RAL-V and 0.6 mm for bone sounding without flap elevation (p < 0.001). Radiographic underestimation of the true bone level was higher in the (pre)molar region (p ≤ 0.047) and increased with defect depth (p < 0.001). Variation between clinicians was huge (range analogue radiography 2.2-3.2 mm; range digital radiography 2.1-3.0 mm). All evaluation methods significantly underestimated the true bone level. Bone sounding was most accurate, whereas intra-oral radiographs were least accurate. Deep periodontal defects in the (pre)molar region were most underrated by intra-oral radiography. Bone sounding had the highest accuracy in assessing interdental bone level.
28550521	0	10	Assessment	T052	C1516048
28550521	14	25	periodontal	T080	C0332275
28550521	26	36	bone level	T201	C1317144
28550521	50	66	controlled study	T062	C0681867
28550521	74	93	diagnostic accuracy	T080	C0598285
28550521	97	116	clinical evaluation	T058	C4084924
28550521	117	124	methods	T170	C0025663
28550521	129	151	intra-oral radiography	T060	C0430022
28550521	156	164	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28550521	168	176	analogue	T060	C0034575
28550521	192	222	digital intra-oral radiography	T060	C0430022
28550521	226	235	assessing	T058	C0184514
28550521	236	247	interdental	T082	C0442104
28550521	248	258	bone level	T201	C1317144
28550521	273	286	documentation	T170	C0920316
28550521	325	333	clinical	T080	C0205210
28550521	338	350	radiographic	T060	C0043299
28550521	351	361	bone level	T201	C1317144
28550521	362	372	assessment	T058	C0220825
28550521	376	390	intra-surgical	T079	C0456904
28550521	391	401	bone level	T201	C1317144
28550521	402	414	registration	T058	C1514821
28550521	439	447	clinical	T080	C0205210
28550521	448	457	variables	T080	C0439828
28550521	468	479	interdental	T082	C0442104
28550521	480	490	bone level	T201	C1317144
28550521	491	501	assessment	T058	C0220825
28550521	502	512	inaccurate	T080	C0443236
28550521	547	558	interdental	T082	C0442104
28550521	559	564	sites	T082	C0205145
28550521	571	584	periodontitis	T047	C0031099
28550521	585	593	patients	T101	C0030705
28550521	595	613	Evaluation methods	T062	C2911685
28550521	623	665	vertical relative probing attachment level	T201	C1317110
28550521	666	672	(RAL-V	T201	C1317110
28550521	675	683	analogue	T060	C0034575
28550521	688	718	digital intra-oral radiography	T060	C0202592
28550521	723	736	bone sounding	T060	C0430022
28550521	737	744	without	T080	C0332288
28550521	754	758	flap	T024	C1266913
28550521	759	768	elevation	T061	C0439775
28550521	800	804	true	T080	C0205238
28550521	805	815	bone level	T201	C1317144
28550521	822	831	examiners	T097	C0025082
28550521	832	841	evaluated	T058	C0220825
28550521	846	857	radiographs	T060	C0034575
28550521	859	870	Significant	T078	C0750502
28550521	871	886	underestimation	T033	C0243095
28550521	894	898	true	T080	C0205238
28550521	899	909	bone level	T201	C1317144
28550521	914	922	observed	T169	C1441672
28550521	931	949	evaluation methods	T062	C2911685
28550521	984	1004	analogue radiography	T060	C0034575
28550521	1017	1036	digital radiography	T060	C0012249
28550521	1049	1054	RAL-V	T201	C1317110
28550521	1070	1083	bone sounding	T060	C0430022
28550521	1092	1096	flap	T024	C1266913
28550521	1097	1106	elevation	T061	C0439775
28550521	1120	1132	Radiographic	T060	C0043299
28550521	1133	1148	underestimation	T033	C0243095
28550521	1156	1160	true	T080	C0205238
28550521	1161	1171	bone level	T201	C1317144
28550521	1176	1182	higher	T080	C0205250
28550521	1191	1207	pre)molar region	T029	C0927672
28550521	1224	1233	increased	T081	C0205217
28550521	1239	1245	defect	T169	C1457869
28550521	1246	1251	depth	T082	C0205125
28550521	1265	1274	Variation	T080	C0205419
28550521	1283	1293	clinicians	T097	C0871685
28550521	1298	1302	huge	T033	C0450093
28550521	1304	1309	range	T081	C1514721
28550521	1310	1330	analogue radiography	T060	C0034575
28550521	1343	1348	range	T081	C1514721
28550521	1349	1368	digital radiography	T060	C0012249
28550521	1386	1404	evaluation methods	T062	C2911685
28550521	1405	1418	significantly	T078	C0750502
28550521	1438	1442	true	T080	C0205238
28550521	1443	1453	bone level	T201	C1317144
28550521	1455	1468	Bone sounding	T060	C0430022
28550521	1473	1477	most	T081	C0205393
28550521	1478	1486	accurate	T080	C0443131
28550521	1496	1518	intra-oral radiographs	T060	C0202592
28550521	1524	1529	least	T080	C0205251
28550521	1530	1538	accurate	T080	C0443131
28550521	1540	1544	Deep	T082	C0205125
28550521	1545	1556	periodontal	T080	C0332275
28550521	1557	1564	defects	T169	C0243067
28550521	1572	1589	(pre)molar region	T029	C0927672
28550521	1614	1636	intra-oral radiography	T060	C0202592
28550521	1638	1651	Bone sounding	T060	C0430022
28550521	1660	1667	highest	T080	C1522410
28550521	1668	1676	accuracy	T080	C0443131
28550521	1690	1701	interdental	T082	C0442104
28550521	1702	1712	bone level	T201	C1317144

